bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pricing Options in the Heston Model Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Kudryavtsev Oleg E. , Danilova Natalia V.
Published: January 2025

The article considers numerical methods for pricing options in the Heston model. The main attention is paid to solving the Cauchy problem for the partial differential equation for option prices using artificial neural networks. The possibility of approximating the solution using feedforward neural networks with one hidden layer and sigmoid activation function is substantiated. The advantage of the proposed method is the ability to explicitly calculate loss functions when choosing the logistic regression as an activation function. The loss function of neural networks tracks errors in the execution of equations for option prices and approximation of initial conditions. For comparison method of solving the boundary value problem, Monte-Carlo method and method based on recurrent formulas on a binary tree are used. Computational experiments show that even with a moderate number of neurons in the hidden mode, the neural network approximates the prices of European in-the-money options quite well.
Biotechnologically Prospective Properties of Bacteria of the Genera Bacillus and Paenibacillus Isolated from the Rhizosphere of Winter Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.). Part 1
Authors: Vasilchenko Nikita G. , Mekhantseva Kamilla V. , Ivanov Fyodor D. , Pulikova Elizaveta P. , Chistyakov Vladimir A. , Usatov Aleksandr V. , Bren Anzhelika B. , Rudoy Dmitry V.
Published: January 2025

Bacterial strains were isolated from soil samples collected in the rhizosphere zone of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) and identified using sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene as members of the genera Paenibacillus and Bacillus, after which amylolytic, pectinolytic, cellulolytic activity were evaluated. The highest amylolytic activity was detected in bacteria of the genus Paenibacillus. All the studied strains (Bacillus or Paenibacillus) showed high pectin and cellulolytic activity. The studied strains are promising for the development of biopreparations that improve plant growth, as well as those aimed at improving digestibility and increasing the efficiency of plant feed utilization in animal diets for a wide range of livestock and aquaculture facilities.
Diagnostics of Lithium Ecotoxicity in Soils of Different Buffering Capacity by Invertase Activity
Authors: Evstegneeva Natalia A. , Kolesnikov Sergey I. , Timoshenko Alena N. , Ruseva Anna S. , Minnikova Tatiana V.
Published: January 2025

The study of the effect of lithium pollution on invertase activity in Haplic Chernozem, Eutric Cambisol and Eutric Arenosol was carried out. Lithium was introduced in the form of chloride and hydroxide at concentrations of 15, 100 and 500 mg/kg. The control was uncontaminated soil with a natural background content of the element. Incubation was carried out for 10 days. As a result of the study of the effect of lithium pollution on invertase activity in soils of different buffering, it was found that contamination of the studied soils with lithium compounds leads to a decrease in invertase activity. The change in enzymatic activity depended on the concentration of the element in the soil. When low concentrations of lithium compounds are introduced, the effect of hormesis is recorded. Haplic Chernozem and Eutric Cambisol showed the greatest resistance to lithium contamination, while Eutric Arenosol showed the least resistance.
TENDÊNCIA TEMPORAL E DISTRIBUIÇÃO ESPACIAL DA SÍFILIS ADQUIRIDA EM UM MUNICÍPIO DE MATO GROSSO, 2010-2021
Authors: Astolfo Susi , De Souza Andrade Amanda Cristina , Kehrig Ruth Terezinha
Published: January 2025

Objetivo: analisar o cenário epidemiológico da sífilis adquirida em Várzea Grande, Baixada Cuiabana e Mato Grosso. Métodos: Estudo ecológico que analisou as taxas de detecção de sífilis adquirida geral e desagregada por sexo e faixa etária em Várzea Grande, na região de saúde da Baixada Cuiabana e no estado de Mato Grosso no período de 2010 a 2021. A análise de tendência foi realizada pelo modelo Jointpoint, sendo calculadas a variação percentual anual e a média da variação percentual anual. Foram construídos mapas temáticos por triênios (2010-2012, 2013-2015, 2016-2018, 2019-2021). Resultados: A taxa de detecção da sífilis adquirida apresentou tendência de crescimento em Várzea Grande, na Baixada Cuiabana e no estado, principalmente entre os jovens, com destaque para o sexo masculino. Conclusões: A ocorrência de sífilis adquirida aumentou no período entre 2010 e 2021 nos locais estudados, mais expressivamente nos dois últimos triênios.
PALAVRAS CHAVES: Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis, Sífilis, Estudos de Séries Temporais; Mapeamento Geográfico.
True Hamsters (Cricetinae) of the Palaearctic Region
Authors: Kryštufek Boris , Shenbrot Georgy Isidorovich
Published: January 2025

True hamsters are a small subfamily (Cricetinae) containing only 19 species which are endemic to the Palaearctic region. Despite such low species richness, general public is well familiar with hamsters, primarily knowing them as pets, experimental laboratory animals and species of conservation concern. The present work is a compilation integrating achievements of the genomic era with the traditional taxonomy. The aim was to provide an authoritative and up-to-date taxonomic guide to the animal group, which is of great interest to experts engaged in medical zoology, epidemiology, biostratigraphy, zooarchaeology, evolutionary research, population ecology, animal systematics, biodiversity conservation, museum collection management and many more biological subdisciplines. The most significant original contribution is perhaps revision of the family-group taxa with naming 2 new subtribes and 2 new tribes. The text is supplemented by 120 illustrations and over 700 references. Morphological details of skull and dentition of each of the 19 species are depicted, and their distributions are mapped in detail. The book will allow the user to interpret intelligently the taxonomic system of Cricetinae and to follow taxonomic progress with a critical eye.
Kształtowanie moralności ludzkiej
Authors: George Robert P. , Szymański Wojciech
Published: January 2025

„Seria Kim Jest Człowiek? jest płaszczyzną rozmowy, do której zapraszamy uczonych i myślicieli, przedstawicieli różnych środowisk, a także wszystkich, dla których kluczowe jest pytanie o człowieka”.
Katarzyna Wojtkowska
W prezentowanej książce czytelnik otrzyma argumenty, które stanowią przeciwwagę dla liberalnego poglądu, że moralność nie może być narzucana przez prawodawstwo. Według Roberta P. George’a społeczeństwo powinno dążyć do kształtowania moralności jednostek, o ile tylko wyrażane odczucia moralne są uzasadnione. Ich zasadność, oparta na fundamencie prawa naturalnego, jest niezwykle istotna, ponieważ wyznacza granicę tego, jak daleko prawo może posunąć się w ingerencji w autonomię człowieka. Autor skupia się na krytycznej analizie poglądów niektórych filozofów, takich jak Ronald Dworkin, John Rawls i Joseph Raz, a także na współczesnych odniesieniach do sporu między Herbertem L. A. Hartem i Patrickiem Devlinem. Publikacja zawiera wszechstronny i przystępny przegląd prób ustalenia wpływu i granic stosowania prawa w kształtowaniu moralnego społeczeństwa.
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Prawa nie mogą uczynić ludzi moralnymi. Tylko sami ludzie mogą to zrobić i to jedynie poprzez dobrowolne decydowanie się na moralnie słuszne działanie ze słusznych powodów. Prawa mogą nakazywać zewnętrzne podporządkowanie się regułom moralnym, ale nie mogą kształtować wewnętrznego działania rozumu i woli, które czyni akt zewnętrznego podporządkowania się wymogom moralności aktem moralnym.
Fragment książkiKształtowanie moralności ludzkiej
Formy stadialne przestępstwa
Authors: Liszewska Agnieszka
Published: January 2025

Przedstawione opracowanie zawiera analizę przepisów polskiego kodeksu karnego regulujących odpowiedzialność za formy stadialne przestępstwa na płaszczyźnie teoretycznej, konstytucyjnej i normatywnej. Rozważania teoretyczne koncentrują się wokół problemu relacji usiłowania i przygotowania do dokonania w związku z pojawiającymi się poglądami kwestionującymi niesamoistność postaci stadialnych przestępstwa. Na płaszczyźnie teoretycznej znalazły się też rozważania poświęcone uzasadnieniu karygodności form stadialnych w oparciu o kategorię niebezpieczeństwa jako wstępnego warunku kryminalizacji. Warunek ten - wywodzony z konstytucyjnej zasady proporcjonalności – oznacza, że kryminalizacja jest niedopuszczalna w demokratycznym państwie prawnym w razie braku społecznej szkodliwości czynu, która jest kwestionowana w odniesieniu do usiłowania nieudolnego oraz usiłowania przestępstw z abstrakcyjnego narażenia na niebezpieczeństwo. Wnioski płynące z analizy teoretycznych podstaw odpowiedzialności za formy stadialne przestępstwa stanowiły także punkt odniesienia dla analiz normatywnych przepisów o usiłowaniu i przygotowaniu. W pracy przyjęto, że skoro formy stadialne nie istnieją samodzielnie, to bezprawność mieszczących się w ich ramach czynów musi wynikać z naruszenia tej samej normy sankcjonowanej, którą odczytujemy z przepisu typizującego dokonanie. Przedstawione opracowanie zawiera diagnozę obecnego stanu prawnego, która wskazuje na bardzo szeroki zakres odpowiedzialności na przedpolu nie tylko naruszenia dobra, ale także narażenia go na niebezpieczeństwo. Zmiana tego stanu rzeczy powinna jednak nastąpić przede wszystkim w drodze działań legislacyjnych i dlatego stanowi ono głos w dyskusji nad ograniczeniem zakresu odpowiedzialności na przedpolu dokonania czynu zabronionego.
Budgetary participation and performance mediated by work satisfaction and engagement at Timor-Leste
Authors: Guterres Marta , Lavarda Carlos Eduardo Facin
Published: January 2025

Budgetary participation is paramount in organizational management since it has a direct impact on operations efficacy and the organization success. At Timor-Leste, where managerial practices are still being developed, budgetary participation can be crucial to improve organizational performance. This research analyzed how budgetary participation affects employee and management performance focusing on the mediation of work satisfaction and engagement. Based on the Theory of Task Motivation and Incentives and the Theory of Goal Setting and Task Performance (Locke, 1968; Locke & Latham, 1990), how budgetary participation affects performance is studied considering work satisfaction and engagement mediation effects. A quantitative approach was used in this research by conducting surveys that were completed by ninety-three managers from companies associated to Timor-Leste’s Chamber of Commerce and Trade (CCI-TL). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to demonstrate direct relationships mediated between budgetary participation, work satisfaction, work engagement and performance. The findings show that budgetary participation does not affect directly employee performance, but improves managerial performance; also, it reflects a positive relationship between work satisfaction and work engagement. Lastly, the importance of fostering employee participation to improve Timor-Leste organizational performance is highlighted.
Riesgo crediticio y proceso de cobranzas en instituciones de educación privadas
Authors: Villacrés Armas Clara Elizabeth , Pérez Barral Osmany
Published: January 2025

En la actualidad, se percibe un comportamiento inestable en la economía de Ecuador, pues el riesgo del país se ha incrementado. Esta situación se ha reflejado en las instituciones públicas y privadas del país. Este contexto conduce al objetivo de proponer políticas de crédito educativo en el proceso de cobranzas para la toma de decisiones en instituciones privadas de educación superior. La investigación es descriptivo-explicativa con enfoque cualitativo, sustentada en los métodos análisis-síntesis y análisis documental. Teóricamente, se profundiza en los problemas que afectan el riesgo crediticio en las instituciones privadas de educación superior, marcadas por el nivel de adquisición-endeudamiento de las familias al momento de decidir la continuidad de los estudios de sus hijos. Asimismo, se ahonda en el ámbito educativo al considerarse el alto porcentaje de deserción estudiantil. El resultado se confirmó en los criterios de los autores consultados (Acuña & Chavarry, 2020; Arellano & Cubi, 2013; Barr, 2006, 2008; Barr & Crawford, 2005; Brachfeld, 2013; Ettinger & Goliet, 2000; Global Ratings, 2020; Morales & Morales, 2014; Pérez Barral et al., 2020; Pérez Barral et al. 2022). Finalmente, se determinaron factores internos-externos asociados al incremento del riesgo crediticio en las universidades estudiadas, con lo que se confirmó la necesidad de proponer políticas para el proceso de cobranzas y la toma de decisiones.
Reports on Tetrameres fissipina from the Naturally Infested Indigenous Chicken in Phek District of Nagaland
Authors: Borkotoky D. , Chamuah J.K. , Devi Ruma
Published: January 2025

Background: Phek district, with its varied topography and climate, serves as a significant area for the study of animal diseases that may be influenced by environmental factors. The district shares international borders with Myanmar, which makes it a key area for monitoring and controlling animal diseases. Methods: Morphological identification of the parasites was conducted, followed by PCR amplification of 18S rDNA to confirm the identity of the parasite. Gross and histopathological studies were performed to observe the effects of the infection on the chickens. Result: Mature female Tetrameres are spherical, dark blood-red in colour and have four longitudinal furrows. The males are small, white and filiform, without spines on the cuticle and tail. Based on the morphological characteristics vis-a-vis PCR amplification and subsequent sequencing, the species was identified as Tetrameres fissipina. The gland of the proventriculus exhibited dilation, with degeneration and desquamation of the glandular cells with numerous nematode parasites, parasite eggs, bacterial colonies and mixed inflammatory cells (heterophils and lymphocytes). In the ventriculus (gizzard), there was mild lymphoplasmacytic and heterophilic inflammation that expanded the lamina propria (connective tissue layer). Liver and kidney showed significant inflammatory changes. There were lesions in the small intestine, including catarrhal inflammation, edema and localized necrosis. Mild histopathological changes in lungs was noted. This report signifies the first occurrence of Tetrameres fissipina in Nagaland.
KEPUASAN SEBAGAI VARIABEL MEDIASI KUALITAS PELAYANAN, KOMUNIKASI PEMASARAN DAN PENANGANAN KELUHAN TERHADAP LOYALITAS
Authors: Sintia Ina , Mismiwati Mismiwati , Zahrani Syamsiar , Krisdayanti Helisia , Riduwansah Riduwansah
Published: January 2025

This research aims to determine the influence of service quality, marketing communications and complaint handling on customer loyalty with customer satisfaction as a mediating variable at Bank Sumsel Babel Syariah Palembang. The population of this research is all customers of Bank Sumsel Babel Syariah Palembang. The sampling technique uses the formula Hair et al. The survey used a questionnaire conducted on 110 customers. Data analysis using Smart PLS 4.0. The research results show that service quality, marketing communication and complaint handling have a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction, service quality, marketing communication and complaint handling have a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty. Service quality does not have a positive and significant effect on loyalty with satisfaction as a mediating variable , meaning that customer satisfaction is unable to mediate the influence of service quality on customer loyalty. Marketing communication and complaint handling have a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty with customer satisfaction as a mediating variable, meaning that customer satisfaction is able to mediate marketing communication and complaint handling on customer loyalty at Bank Sumsel Babel Syariah Palembang
PENGARUH PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP DAN KEPERCAYAAN MAHASISWA TERHADAP PRODUK YANG BERLABEL HALAL (STUDI KASUS MAKANAN DAN MINUMAN)N MINUMAN)
Authors: Al-Haq Firmansyah , Ismail Nurizal , Al-Ayubi Sholahuddin
Published: January 2025

The study aims to analyse the influence of students knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs on products labelled halal, focusing on food and beverages. This study used quantitative methods with a cross-sectional design. Primary data were obtained through the distribution of questionnaires to respondents. The research population focused on in this study is all students who are still active and are not limited by age, religion, ethnicity, or gender. The sampling technique uses non-probability sampling with a purposive sampling approach. The sample size is determined to be at least 100 respondents. The results showed that students knowledge and trust had a positive and significant influence on their acceptance of halal products. However, attitude variables did not show significant influence in this context. This can be interpreted as an indication that, although students have knowledge and trust in halal products, students' attitudes do not significantly influence their preference for these products. The implications of these findings could provide guidance for manufacturers and marketers to better understand the factors influencing consumer preferences towards halal products, focusing on increasing knowledge and trustworthiness.
PENGARUH NET OPERATING MARGIN (NOM) DAN FINANCING TO DEPOSIT RATIO (FDR) TERHADAP CAPITAL ADEQUACY RATIO (CAR) PADA BANK UMUM SYARIAH DI INDONESIA
Authors: Annisa Fitriana Ika , Fatmawatie Naning , Mutafarida Binti
Published: January 2025

This research employs a quantitative method with a caisal-comparative design. The population for this study consists of Sharia Commercial Banks registered with the Financial Services Authority, selected through purposive sampling criteria determined by the researcher. The 2018-2022 period was chosen because it represents the most recent years, during which the global economy was impacted by the negative effects of the Covid-19 pandemic. This period saw a weakening of the banking system, particularly affecting Islamic banks in Indonesia. Based on the established criteria, there are 9 Sharia Commercial Banks that meet the researcher’s criteria. The total sample size for this study is 45 data points. The results of the study indicate that, in partial testing Net Operating Margin has an influence on Capital Adequacy Ratio, while Financing To Deposit Ratio does not have an influence Capital Adeqyacy Ratio. Net Operating ­Margin and Financing To Deposit Ratio collectively contrubute to 23,3% of the influence on Capital Adequacy Ratio, with the remaining 76,7% influenced by variables outside the scope of this study.
ANALYSIS OF MUI FATWA AND MINISTRY OF TRADE POLICY ON BOYCOTT PRODUCTS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Khurun'in Zahro'  , Fadhila Sukur Indra  , Yunita Wulandari  , Siti Nur Adila  , Maritza Putri Nabila
Published: January 2025

The prolonged conflict between Palestine and Israel has made several parties more aggressively support Palestine. One form of Indonesia's support for Palestine is the issuance of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) fatwa No 83 of 2023 on the Law of Supporting the Palestinian Struggle. Unlike the MUI, the Ministry of Trade did not issue any decree regarding the prohibition of Israeli boycott products entering Indonesia, as long as they follow the applicable procedures. This research method uses a literature study to collect data and information from books, journals, articles, and related news. The purpose of this research is to analyze the fatwa of MUI and the Ministry of Trade regarding the boycott of Israeli products circulating in Indonesia, as well as the response and attitude of the community regarding this matter. The result of this research shows that the boycott of Israeli products is a form of indirect support of the Indonesian people, namely with the MUI fatwa, which urges as much as possible to avoid transactions and use of products affiliated with Israel and that support colonialism and Zionism. Unlike the MUI, the Ministry of Trade does not prohibit any product from circulating and being traded in Indonesia as long as it follows the applicable rules. This also has an impact on the decline of Indonesia's economic level. The Ministry of Commerce, MUI, and the governments concerned should clarify and affirm the decisions made regarding the Israeli boycott of products in Indonesia.
TRENDS IN MUZAKKI AND BUSINESS ZAKAT COLLECTION IN BRUNEI DARUSSALAM
Authors: Binti Nor Irdi Amal Hadzimatul Nadzirah , Bin Muda Zulkifly
Published: January 2025

One of the branches of zakat in Islam is Business Zakat. In Brunei Darussalam, the department responsible for zakat matters is the Department of Zakat, Waqaf, and Baitulmal, the Ministry of Religious Affairs (JUZWAB). Business zakat payers and collections are generally ranked third after zakat on savings and zakat on gold. The number of business zakat contributors are relatively small compared to the total number of registered companies in Brunei Darussalam. This will be elaborated and analyzed, particularly regarding the trends in muzakki (zakat payers) and business zakat collected from 2019 to 2023. The objectives of this study are to provide the number of muzakki and the amount of business zakat collected in Brunei Darussalam and analyzes the trends in the number of muzakki and the amount of business zakat collected in Brunei Darussalam. This study is a qualitative research and data used in this study is obtained from JUZWAB. The findings of this study indicate an increase in the number of business zakat contributors from the 50s to the 70s between 2019 and 2023 and the annual amount collected from business zakat does not follow a consistent pattern and may fluctuate year by year. This paper recommends that JUZWAB identify the factors causing some Muslim traders not to pay business zakat and provide appropriate recommendations to address these issues.
Concepts and Methods of Tadabbur al-Qur'an for Early Childhood: A Review of the Book Tadabbur al-Qur’an for Kids
Authors: Azkian Nur Zulfi , Sulthoni Akhmad
Published: January 2025

Islam places great importance on the education of children starting from an early age. If children lack education at the beginning of their lives, some of them will grow up with corrupt morals, like lying, envy, stealing, criticizing, and interfering in other people's affairs. The Qur'anic surah that alludes to the importance of the existence of children themselves is QS. al-Kahf verse 46, Allah says: “Treasures and children are ornaments in the life of the world”. This study aims to discuss the concept and method of tadabbur al-Qur'an through analyzing the work of the Ummul Qura' editorial team, namely the book Tadabbur Al-Qur’an for Kids. By using qualitative methodology, literature study, this research focuses on two main aspects: the understanding of the editorial team of Ummul Qura' about the concept and method of tadabbur al-Qur'an for early childhood, and how it is implemented in everyday life. The results showed that the editorial team of Ummul Qura' was able to provide solutions for early childhood education by presenting an applicable and meaningful understanding, including presenting convenience for children in tadabbur al-Qur'an, making it easy to memorize the Qur'an, presenting the translation of each verse, introducing the naming of the surah of the Qur'an, tadabbur and understanding the essence of the Qur'an's science, a guide to practicing the contents of the Qur'an, complete references, inviting children to dive further, and providing motivation to become experts in the Qur'an.
Analysis of the Relationship between Religion and Culture through the “Nyumpet” Tradition in Jepara: Islamic Perspective and Local Wisdom
Authors: Roisah Fathiyatur Rohmah
Published: January 2025

The relationship between religion and culture is an interesting thing to analysis, especially in Java which has various local cultures which are famous for their Javanese. Local culture that originates from generations of ancestors still exists today. Like the Nyumpet tradition in Jepara which is carried out by the owner of the party before holding a celebration, whether a wedding or circumcision event. The survival of ancestral traditions to this day also involves the role of religion in them, and vice versa. Religion can enter Javanese society and also involves existing traditions. The aim of this research is to review the relationship between religion and culture through the Nyumpet tradition in Jepara, considering that Nyumpet activity is a tradition that combines the role of religion and rituals inherited from ancestors. This research is qualitative research with data collection techniques through involved observation. This means that the researcher directly witnessed and took part in the Nyumpet tradition, because the researcher is part of the Jepara community. The results of this research show that religion and culture have a close relationship between the two. The existence of the Nyumpet ritual in Jepara society aims to prevent bad things from happening at celebration events. Nyumpet with various Ugo Rampe combined with Selametan shows that religion and culture are very strong in Jepara society and can have a psychological effect on the soul. The geographical location of Jepara district and the community's professions are also the reasons why Nyumpet in Jepara still exists today.
Sosialisasi Al-Qur’an Melalui Metode Iqra di Madrasah Diniyah: Studi Komparatif di MDTA Nurul Iman dan MDTA Nurul Hikmah Sumedang
Authors: Fangesty Maolidya Asri Siwi , Rahtikawati Yayan , Rusmana Dadan
Published: January 2025

Metode Iqra merupakan cara yang marak digunakan di masyarakat terutama di desa karena eksistensinya yang telah lama muncul, tak terkecuali di Madrasah Diniyah. Namun, terdapat perbedaan efektivitas metode ini di Madrasah Diniyah. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan wawancara dan observasi dengan analisis komparatif serta menggunakan teori sosiologi struktural fungsional Emile Durkheim. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui persamaan dan perbedaan pola sosialisasi Al-Qur’an melalui metode Iqra di MDTA Nurul Iman dan Nurul Hikmah serta menganalisis efektivitas metode iqra terhadap kemampuan membaca Al-Qur’an. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa persamaan kedua MDTA ini adalah menggunakan Iqra versi lama, terdaftar di FKDT, santri yang mampu membaca Al-Qur’an mendapat ranking di sekolah, internal santri diklaim sebagai faktor utama tidak mampu membaca Al-Qur’an dan metode pengajaran. Sedangkan perbedaannya terletak pada jumlah santri yang mampu membaca Al-Qur’an, waktu mengaji, SDM dan fasilitas serta dukungan orangtua. Metode Iqra dinilai efektif untuk membaca Al-Qur’an karena mudah dan sistematis. Namun, terkadang keefektifitasan Iqra berkurang disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor yakni konten buku Iqra lama yang masih digunakan, waktu mengaji yang kurang sementara santri banyak, metode penyampaian guru, psikologis siswa yang lebih gemar bermain serta kurang rajin, keluarga yang kurang mendukung serta lingkungan teman dan gadget. Adapun faktor guru menjadi faktor utama yang dapat melahirkan faktor lainnya. Sebab dalam teori sosiologi struktural fungsional, guru menjadi posisi dominan dalam pembelajaran.
Literackie realizmy przełomu wieków. Cz. II: Realizm histeryczny i David Foster Wallace
Authors: Woźniak Jarosław
Published: January 2025

Niniejszy artykuł stanowi drugą część cyklu poświęconego literackim realizmom literackim przełomu XX i XXI wieku. Skupia się na realizmie histerycznym wyłaniającym się z literatury postmodernistycznej i ewoluującym w kierunku Nowej Szczerości. Nurt ten omawiany jest przede wszystkim na przykładzie twórczości Davida Fostera Wallace’a. Najpierw autor rekonstruuje koncepcję histerycznego realizmu, którą do krytyki literackiej wprowadził James Wood, ostro krytykując powieści zaliczone przez siebie w obręb tego nurtu. W kolejnych częściach autor stara się umiejscowić realizm histeryczny w relacji do poprzedzającej go literatury postmodernistycznej i wskazać na jakich podstawach, wbrew Woodowi, może zostać uznany za literaturę realistyczną.
The Effect of Quercetin on Coenzyme HMG-CoAR, ABCA1 Transporter, Dyslipidemia Profile and Hepatic Function in Rats Dyslipidemia Model
Authors: Ignasius Agyo Palmado  , Sulistyanaengci Winarto  , Honey Dzikri Marhaeny  , Yusuf Alif Pratama  , Chrismawan Ardianto  , Khotib Junaidi
Published: January 2025

Background: Dyslipidemia is a lipid metabolic disorder that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, typically marked by abnormalities in triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and total cholesterol (TC), along with decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. This study explored the potential of quercetin, a natural substance, as a preventive agent against dyslipidemia induced by high-fat diet (HFD) in a rat model. Simvastatin, a standard cholesterol-lowering drug, was used for the comparison. Objective: The main objective of this research was to evaluate the potential of quercetin in lipid metabolism for dyslipidemia caused by HFD and compare its effects with the first-line drug therapy simvastatin, which has a similar mechanism. Methods: Rats fed a HFD were treated with quercetin and simvastatin, and their lipid profiles, liver enzyme activities, and molecular markers related to cholesterol metabolism were analyzed. Results: Quercetin markedly decreased cholesterol levels by inhibiting the enzyme 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Reductase (HMG CoAR). Cellular observation revealed that it also prevented liver damage and showed a protective effect on liver enzyme activity. Quercetin enhanced the expression of the Adenosine Triphosphate Binding Cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1) protein, showing a protective effect against dyslipidemia akin to simvastatin, yet with a reduced likelihood of liver toxicity. Conclusion: Quercetin may serve as an effective and safer alternative to simvastatin for treating dyslipidemia, offering cholesterol-lowering benefits without hepatotoxic risks associated with long-term statin therapy.
Formulation And Physical Evaluation of Body Scrub Cream From 95% Ethanol Extract of Breadfruit Peel (Artocarpus altilis) as Antioxidants
Authors: Safitri Meta , Aprilliani Arini , Zaky Mohammad , Azkiya Siti Mukammila
Published: January 2025

Background: Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) peel contains many chemical compounds including alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, polyphenols, and steroids/terpenoids. Breadfruit peel has potential as an antioxidant because it contains phenolic compounds, especially flavonoids and polyphenols. Objective: The aim of this study was to formulate and physically evaluate the preparation of a scrub cream from a 95% ethanol extract of breadfruit peel (Artocarpus altilis) and test its antioxidant activity. Methods: Body scrub cream formulations were prepared using different extract concentrations, such as F1 (no extract), F2 1%, F3 3%, F4 5%, and F5 (Vit C as an equalizer for the antioxidant activity test). Body scrub cream was formulated as an oil-in-water type cream preparation using breadfruit starch as a scrub. Physical evaluation of this preparation consisted of organoleptic, homogeneity, viscosity, pH, spreadability, adhesiveness, and room-temperature storage tests. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH method. Results: The results of the physical evaluation test showed that the body scrub cream produced good results and complied with the requirements of cream products. Antioxidant activity test results show the IC50 value of each formula is F1 (without extract) 107.8 µg/mL, F2 (1%) 72.48 µg/mL, F3 (3%) 56.54 µg/mL, F4 (5%) 43.40 µg/mL and F5 (vitamin C K+) 38.94 µg/mL. Conclusion: Based on these observations, the best formula is Formula 3 because the antioxidant test results are classified as strong, and the physical evaluation tests are considered stable.
Phytochemical Screening and Anti-hyperglycemic Effect Test of Ethanol Extract of Waru Leaf (Hibiscus tiliaceus) on Glucose-loaded Mice
Authors: Sofia Vivi , Firdaus Tya Novita , Saputri Muharni
Published: January 2025

Background: The treatment of diabetes mellitus relies on synthetic drugs with various side effects. Therefore, it is necessary to explore alternative treatments with herbal therapies, such as Hibiscus tiliaceus leaves. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the anti-hyperglycemic effect of an ethanol extract from Hibiscus tiliaceus leaves in glucose-loaded mice. Methods: The initial stage of dried leaf characterization was to ensure the identity, quality, purity, and safety to be used, and then extracted using the maceration method with 70% ethanol solvent. The next step was phytochemical screening to identify secondary metabolite content. The anti-hyperglycemic effect was evaluated using the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) on 25 male mice divided into five treatment groups. The negative control group was given Na CMC 0.5% w/v Na CMC, and the positive control group was administered glibenclamide. The ethanol extract of Hibiscus tiliaceus leaves was administered at doses of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg. Approximately 200 µL of blood was collected and analyzed for glucose levels. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with SPSS ver. 25 program. Results: Hibiscus tiliaceus leaves contain alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. The highest decrease in blood glucose levels was observed in the ethanol extract group at a dose of 400 mg/kg BW, with a decrease of 78.52%, followed by a dose of 200 mg/kg BW of 76.63%, a dose group of 800 mg/kg BW of 73.48%, and a positive control group (glibenclamide) of 34.68%, which was significantly different from the negative control group (Na CMC 0.5%) (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The ethanol extract of H. tiliaceus has anti-hyperglycemic effects.
Integrative multi-omics analysis for identifying novel therapeutic targets and predicting immunotherapy efficacy in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Chen Zilu , Mei Kun , Tan Foxing , Zhou YuHeng , Du Haolin , Wang Min , Gu Renjun , Huang Yan
Published: January 2025

Aim: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), the most prevalent subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), presents significant clinical challenges due to its high mortality and limited therapeutic options. The molecular heterogeneity and the development of therapeutic resistance further complicate treatment, underscoring the need for a more comprehensive understanding of its cellular and molecular characteristics. This study sought to delineate novel cellular subpopulations and molecular subtypes of LUAD, identify critical biomarkers, and explore potential therapeutic targets to enhance treatment efficacy and patient prognosis.

Methods: An integrative multi-omics approach was employed to incorporate single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), bulk transcriptomic analysis, and genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from multiple LUAD patient cohorts. Advanced computational approaches, including Bayesian deconvolution and machine learning algorithms, were used to comprehensively characterize the tumor microenvironment, classify LUAD subtypes, and develop a robust prognostic model.

Results: Our analysis identified eleven distinct cellular subpopulations within LUAD, with epithelial cells predominating and exhibiting high mutation frequencies in Tumor Protein 53 (TP53) and Titin (TTN) genes. Two molecular subtypes of LUAD [consensus subtype (CS)1 and CS2] were identified, each showing distinct immune landscapes and clinical outcomes. The CS2 subtype, characterized by increased immune cell infiltration, demonstrated a more favorable prognosis and higher sensitivity to immunotherapy. Furthermore, a multi-omics-driven machine learning signature (MOMLS) identified ribonucleotide reductase M1 (RRM1) as a critical biomarker associated with chemotherapy response. Based on this model, several potential therapeutic agents targeting different subtypes were proposed.

Conclusion: This study presents a comprehensive multi-omics framework for understanding the molecular complexity of LUAD, providing insights into cellular heterogeneity, molecular subtypes, and potential therapeutic targets. Differential sensitivity to immunotherapy among various cellular subpopulations was identified, paving the way for future immunotherapy-focused research.
Eutrophication: Understanding and Mitigating Eutrophication in Pond Water
Authors: avi Pall , Kumari Sushma
Published: January 2025

Eutrophication, the excessive enrichment of water bodies with nutrients, is a pervasive environmental issue with far-reaching ecological, economic, and social consequences. Eutrophication, often termed as the 'silent menace' of aquatic ecosystems, is a process with profound environmental implications. It occurs when excessive nutrients, typically nitrogen and phosphorus, accumulate in water bodies, stimulating the overgrowth of algae and aquatic plants. As these organisms flourish, they deplete oxygen levels in the water, leading to detrimental consequences for aquatic life. This phenomenon, though often unnoticed by the casual observer, poses significant challenges to biodiversity, water quality, and ecosystem balance. Understanding the complexities of eutrophication is essential for effective environmental management and sustainable stewardship of our aquatic resources. Eutrophication, resulting from excessive nutrient enrichment in aquatic systems, remains a critical environmental issue with profound ecological and socioeconomic implications. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the causes, impacts, and management strategies associated with eutrophication. The primary drivers of eutrophication, including agricultural runoff, urbanization, and industrial activities, are examined, highlighting the sources and pathways of nutrient inputs into aquatic ecosystems. The ecological impacts of eutrophication, such as algal blooms, oxygen depletion, and loss of biodiversity, are discussed in detail, emphasizing the cascading effects on aquatic life and ecosystem functioning. Furthermore, this paper explores various management approaches and strategies aimed at preventing, mitigating, and reversing eutrophication. These include nutrient management practices, such as reducing fertilizer use and implementing buffer zones, as well as engineering solutions like constructed wetlands and bioremediation techniques. Additionally, the role of policy interventions and stakeholder engagement in addressing eutrophication is evaluated, underscoring the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and adaptive management frameworks. Through synthesizing current research findings and best practices, this paper contributes to a deeper understanding of eutrophication and provides insights into effective strategies for sustainable water resource management. By integrating scientific knowledge with practical solutions, it offers a roadmap for policymakers, resource managers, and stakeholders to tackle the complex challenges posed by eutrophication and safeguard the health and integrity of aquatic ecosystems for future generations.
Antibacterial Activity Investigation and Anti-Biotic Sensitive's for Different Solvents (Ethanol, propanol, DMSO and di Ethel ether) Extracts of Seeds, Leafs and Stems of (Laurus azorica and Avena sterilis) Plants
Authors: Moftah Aljamal Moftah Al Feture , Adress. Hasan Hamad. M. , M. Al Sonosy Huda.
Published: January 2025

The antibacterial investigation of different extracts (Ethanol, propanol, DMSO and di Ethel either) was carried on different species of bacteria including Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Streptococcus pneumoniae) and Gram negative bacteria: (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Agnobacteriumsp, and Erwinia carotovora).This study was carried out on leafs, stems and seeds of Laurus azorica and Avena sterilis plants, which growing at Al –Gabal Al –Akhder region, Libya.).The results recorded that, there are variations for antibacterial activities, also the results showed different effects on the selected microbial species which selected in this study, where some of extracts gave inhibition zones compared with those which no gave the effect on the studied bacteria. The results recorded different effects of the solvents extracts depending on the polarities and bacteria species. Also the anti-biotic sensitive studies of the plant extracts showed effects on the selected anti-biotic in this study.
Effects of Two Endophytic Bacteria on SOD and CAT Activities in Soybean Seedlings Under Salt Stress
Authors: Zhao Longfei , Xu Yajun , Huang Xuezhen , Xi Li , Song Weiyi , Yang Jingya
Published: January 2025

It was of great practical significance to repair the toxicity of salt stress environment to soybean seedlings and maintain the balance between agricultural production and ecological environment in the Yellow River valley of China. ‘Xudou 20’ was used as the experimental material, a large-scale planting variety in the old Yellow River basin. Endophytes 131 and 137 isolated from soybean root nodule were taken as the research objects, and the soybean plants were cultivated by pot culture in intelligent artificial incubator. Salt stress group, bacteria suspension group and control group were set up to study the effects of inoculation treatments on the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) of soybean seedlings under different NaCl stress. The results showed that when inoculated with endophyte 131 bacterial suspension and cultured for 14 days, the SOD activity was the highest (14.89 U•g−1•FW) at the salt concentration 50 mmol•L-1. When inoculated with 131 bacterial suspension (2:1) and cultured for 28 days, the SOD activity reached the highest (0.94 ug-1FW) at the salt concentration of 50 mmol•L-1, and the CAT activity amounted to the highest (1910 U•g−1•min−1). The 16S rDNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis showed that the most similar strain of strain 137 was Bacillus cereus, and the most similar strain of strain 131 was Enterobacter ludwigii. Therefore, the activities of SOD and CAT in soybean seedlings inoculated with endophytes 131 and 137 increased at different degrees under salt stress, which could effectively alleviate the damage of salt stress environment to plants, and thus improve the stress resistance of plants.
Heat Shock Protein 60 as an Immunomodulator in Heart Diseases
Authors: Saqagandomabadi Vahid , Carista Adelaide , Di Felice Valentina
Published: January 2025

Cardiac muscle cells are specialised rod-shaped cells with a single nucleus that are connected to each other by intercalated discs. They are extremely important for the functioning of the heart, as they are responsible for the propagation and effectiveness of contraction. Mitochondria within these cells are vital for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis, redox balance, calcium homeostasis, and lipid synthesis. Heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60), a mitochondrial chaperonin, plays a crucial role in protein folding. The expression of Hsp60 increases when the heart is under stress, such as during a heart attack or heart failure. Hsp60 is located not only inside the cell, but has also been localised in small and large vesicles, in the cell membrane and freely in the cell culture medium or in the blood. And it is precisely in the latter form that this chaperonin could play a decisive role as an immunomodulator. In this review, we have brought together various studies to discuss and highlight the distribution of Hsp60 in cells, its association with apoptosis and its action as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) that interacts with Toll-like receptors to modulate immune responses. The link to heart disease arises from a connection to heart-specific microRNAs whose expression can be affected by dysregulation of Hsp60. In summary, we hypothesise that Hsp60 may also have an immunomodulatory effect under stress conditions.
How Supervisors Managed Their OHS Roles with Workers Working from Home During the COVID Epidemic: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Tenkate Thomas , Kramer Desre M , Peter Strahlendorf Peter , Holness D. Linn
Published: January 2025

During the Covid-19 pandemic, although the experience of workers and managers was examined, the role, experiences and functions of supervisors was relatively underexplored, with no investigation into their changing health and safety responsibilities. This project attempted to fill this gap. Twenty supervisors across Canada were interviewed for an hour. A Framework Method guided the study. We used a conceptual framework of 10 supervisor functions to help direct the data collection, identify codes, manage and organize the data analysis, and identify major themes which were highlighted in the findings. What was found was that since supervisors did not have access to workers’ homes, they could not execute most of their OHS functions. They were obliged to give workers more control over how and when they worked. They Increased their communications with their workers in response to workers’ psychological health concerns. Notably, supervisors reported that they were under extreme stress. A hybrid work environment, with workers sometimes working at home, has become the new norm. Supervisor stress will continue to escalate unless upper management provides more support, supervisors get training on how to deal with the psychological health and safety of workers, and supervisors’ responsibilities are re-defined for at-home workers.
Bioaccumulation of Metals in Fish Collected from Macapá Urban Aquatic Environments (Brazilian Amazon) and the Risks to Human Health
Authors: Souza Debora Cristina Damasceno de , Viana Lucilene Finoto , Kummrow Fábio , Cardoso Claudia Andréa Lima , Lima Nathalya Alice de , Crispim Bruno do Amaral , Lacerda Izabelle Alexandra Rodrigues , Barufatti Alexeia , Dias Lúcio André Viana , Florentino Alexandro Cezar
Published: January 2025

The city of Macapá in the Brazilian Amazon faces critical aquatic pollution challenges due to inadequate sanitation infrastructure, leading to heavy metal contamination in fish within its urban water bodies. This study evaluates concentrations of metals (Cu, Cd, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, Hg) in muscle tissues of fish from igarapés, floodplain lakes, and canals. Samples were collected from six sites to investigate the bioaccumulation of these metals and their potential human health risks. Using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry for Hg, metal levels were analyzed in three carnivorous and seven omnivorous fish species. Cd concentrations in several species exceeded safety thresholds for human consumption, while the estimated daily intake (EDI) of Hg also surpassed reference doses. Risk assessment combining the risk quotient (RQ) for individual metals and the risk index (RI) for metal mixtures indicated considerable health risks associated with consuming fish from these contaminated waters. These findings reveal concerning exposure to contaminants, underscoring the need for environmental management and ongoing monitoring to protect public health in vulnerable urban areas.
Probing the Gravitational Effects of Rotating Masses in a Vacuum via the Proposed Equations
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad
Published: January 2025

This study examines the gravitational effects of a rotating body on a nearby smaller body in a vacuum. Our findings, derived from the proposed equations, highlight the substantial gravitational forces exerted by the rotating body. These insights are pertinent for developing unconventional gravity-generation methods for orbiting satellites and terrestrial applications. Additionally, this study enhances our understanding of the relationship between angular velocity and gravitational forces.