bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Convective Heat Transfer Enhancement using Novel Twisted Tape-A Numerical Investigation
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Engineering College, Kovilpatti (Tamil Nadu), India., Benjamin Prince Abraham , Anitha Nithin Mohan Mohana ,   Department ofMechanical Engineering, National Engineering College, Kovilpatti (Tamil Nadu), India.
Published: July 2023

Convective heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics have been investigated numerically in a tube fitted with a twisted tape and a modified twisted tape. A novel geometry of the tape with lateral projection and without lateral projection is introduced for comparison. The results obtained from ordinary twisted tape are compared with those of the Modified twisted tape with lateral projection and modified twisted tape without lateral projection. The experiments reveal that the pressure drop is lower in the modified twisted tape without lateral projection than in the modified twisted tape with lateral projection. However, the Nusselt number in the modified twisted tape without lateral projection is slightly lesser than in the base case with ordinary twisted tape. The Nusselt number in the modified twisted tape with lateral projection is higher than the ordinary twisted tape because the lateral projection diverts the fluid towards the boundaries, and the thermal performance factor is increased. Thus, the Modified twisted tape without lateral projection increases the thermal performance factor to 1.0065 by decreasing the pressure drop, and the modified twisted tape with lateral projection increases the thermal performance factor to 1.1584 by increasing the Nusselt number.
Problems of the Requirement of Prior Approval for Humanitarian Relief Work in Armed Conflicts and Possible Legal Solutions Thereto
Authors:   Faculty of Law and Legal Studies, Idlib University, Syria., Jalkhy Mohammed Reada
Published: July 2023

The provisions of international humanitarian law require providers of humanitarian relief to obtain the prior approval of the country concerned to assist in its territory. One of the problematic issues, due to the ambiguity of the provisions of international humanitarian law, or at least its inability to keep pace with international developments, especially the increasing frequency of non-international armed conflicts. Accordingly, we present this study to clarify the problems of the requirement of prior approval for humanitarian relief work, and then try to search for possible legal solutions.
Classification of Emotion using Eeg Signals: an FPGA Based Implementation
Authors:   Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SJB Institute of Technology, Bangalore (Karnataka), India., B D Mr. Darshan , B S Vyshnavi Shekhar ,   Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SJB Institute of Technology Bangalore (Karnataka), India., Totiger Meghana M ,   Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SJB Institute of Technology Bangalore (Karnataka), India., N Priyanka ,   Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SJB Institute of Technology Bangalore (Karnataka), India., A Spurthi ,   Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SJB Institute of Technology Bangalore (Karnataka), India.
Published: July 2023

An electroencephalograph is a device that records all electrical energy in the human brain using wearable metal electrodes placed on the skull. Electrical impulses connect brain cells and are always mobile, even at rest. This activity appears as a squiggly line in EEG recordings. Activity gaze data is pre-processed to a frequency range of 0 to 75 Hz. This creates a new matrix with a sample rate of 200 Hz and a range of 0-75 Hz. A finite-impulse-response low-pass filter was used because the bandpass would distort his EEG data after processing. Each pre-processed EEG signal has an output, which completes feature extraction. Principal Component Analysis or PCA is passed in the feature reduction phase. PCA is an analytical process that uses singular value decomposition to transform a collection of corresponding features into mutually uncorrelated features or principal components. Principal component analysis: (a) mean normalization of features (b) covariance matrix (c) eigenvectors (d) reduced features or principal components. The above steps are passed to the SVM classifier for sentiment output. His VHDL code and testbench for 2*2 matrices were written, waveforms and RTL schemes were created in Xilinx 14.5. For the FPGA implementation, a Simulink model was designed, and the eigenvalues were pre-determined using a system generator.
Development of Architecture for Digital Supply Chain (DSC) using Blockchain, IoT and AI Technologies
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Information Technology, Ajay Kumar Garg Engineering College, Ghaziabad (U.P), India., Sharma Dr. Rashmi , Tripathi Gauri ,   Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajay Kumar Garg Engineering College, Ghaziabad, India., Sharma Pranjali ,   Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Prayagraj (U.P), India., Tripathi Vani ,   Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajay Kumar Garg Engineering College, Ghaziabad, India.
Published: July 2023

To synchronize data and transactions in a supply chain network, blockchain technology was developed. This study illustrates how blockchain technology can increase the adaptability and agility of supply chain operations. With the use of blockchain and other recently developed technologies, supply chain uncertainty and other problems affecting the industry can be resolved. Issues in the supply chain are categorized, and a solution is offered by fusing blockchain technology with the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and other technologies. Integration shows how tasks are completed utilizing blockchain and several supply chain technologies. Digital supply chains(DSC) are setting standards in a wide range of sectors because they are effective and lean. The creation of sustainable and environmentally friendly supply chains benefits from the use of intelligent technology. The study paper covers the challenges of implementing a digital supply chain. This will serve as a foundation for studying supply chain technology.
A Comprehensive Exploration of Product Description Ranking
Authors: Guo Tong
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we study the personalized ranking problem for item's recommendation text (product description). Item's recommendation text is the sentence that describe the item highlights for user decision (such as buy or click). The recommendation texts is shown under the item, and we also call them rec-texts. One item has multiple rec-texts, and different rec-texts have different affect for user decision. So the problem is to capture the user preference for each item's rec-texts and to personalized display. In this paper, we study multiple methods to train a model which learn the user preference scores for each item's rec-texts. The online experimental results demonstrate our methods work.
GPT – A Paradigm Shift for the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Carvalko Joseph
Published: July 2023

This paper discusses the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) in the form of generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) technology such as the latest GPT-4 platform. It highlights the potential of GPT technology to drastically change aspects of society, including creativity, problem-solving, employment, education, justice, medicine, and governance. The author emphasizes the need for policymakers and experts to join in regulating against the potential risks and implications of this technology. The European Commission has taken steps to address the risks of AI through the European AI Act (EIA), which categorizes AI uses based on their potential harm. The legislation aims to ensure scrutiny and control in extreme cases like autonomous weapons or medical devices. However, the author criticizes the lack of meaningful AI oversight in the United States and argues that time has come for government to step in if it desires to make any meaningful change given the technology’s (1) rate of diffusion, (2) multiple products GPT technology is anticipated to augment, and (3) depths to which it may penetrate daily life, including countless fields of employment.
Human-Robot Interaction Video Sequencing Task for Robot's Behaviour Legibility
Authors: Rossi Silvia , Coppola Alessia , Gaita Mariachiara , Rossi Alessandra
Published: July 2023

People's social acceptance and trust in robots are a direct consequence of people's ability to infer and predict the robot's behaviour.  However, there is no clear consensus on how the legibility of a robot's behaviour and explanations should be assessed. In this work, the construct of Theory of Mind (i.e., the ability to attribute mental states to others) is taken into account, and a computerised version of the Theory of Mind Picture Sequencing Task is presented. Our tool, called the Human-Robot Interaction Video Sequencing Task (HRIVST), evaluates the legibility of a robot's behaviour for humans by asking them to order short videos to form a logical sequence of the robot's actions. To validate the proposed metrics, we recruited a sample of 86 healthy subjects. Results showed that the HRIVST has good psychometric properties and is a valuable tool for assessing the legibility of robot behaviours. We also evaluated the effects of symbolic explanations, the presence of a person during the interaction, and the humanoid appearance on a robot's behaviour prediction accuracy. Results showed that the interaction condition had no effect on the legibility of the robot's behaviour while the combination of humanoid robots and explanations displaying seems to result in better performances of the task.
POTENTIAL OF 3D BIOPRINTING ORGANS/TISSUES
Authors: Saksham Bhasin
Published: July 2023

3D bioprinting is the use of biochemicals, biomaterials, and living cells in the production of bioengineered structures with the assistance of computer-aided designs and additive construction. bioprinting comes under the umbrella of regenerative medicine.
EXTRACTION PURIFICATION OF HEAVY FRACTION OF VISBREAKING GAS OIL BY MIXTURES OF N,N-DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE WITH N-METHYLMORPHOLINONE-3 AND LIGHT FRACTION OF N,N – DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE
Authors:   «KINEF» Ltd, Kameshkov Alexey V. , Gaile Alexander A. ,   St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology, Ahmad Maria ,   St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology, Bashmakov Pavel Y. ,   St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology, Gazzaeva Anastasia V. ,   St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology
Published: July 2023

The results of extraction purification of visbreaking gas oil by Kirishinefteorgsintez LLC, divided into a light fraction of 204-264oC and a heavy fraction of 257-343oC by vacuum distillation, are presented. By four–stage countercurrent extraction of the light fraction with N, N - dimethylformamide at a mass ratio of 1.5:1 to raw materials and a temperature of 40 °C, the sulfur content was reduced from 1.911% by weight to 0.240% by weight in the raffinate. The results of a single-stage extraction of the heavy fraction of visbreaking gas oil with the sulfur content of 2.406% by weight are presented. The extraction was performed by mixtures of N, N – dimethylformamide with N – methylmorpholinone – 3 of the composition 50/50% by weight with mass ratios to raw materials of 0.5:1, 0.6:1 and 0.75:1. The extraction was also performed by mixtures of these solvents with the content of N – methylmorpholinone – 3 in the mixed extractant of 30 and 70% by weight and the mass ratio to raw materials 0.6:1. The results of two–stage extraction purification in cross–current with a mixture of N, N – dimethylformamide – N - methylmorpholinone - 3 of the composition 50/50% by weight with a mass ratio to the heavy fraction of 0.6:1 are presented. By four–stage countercurrent extraction purification with the mixed extractant containing N – methylmorpholinone - 3 30% by weight at a mass ratio of 1.5:1 to raw materials and a temperature of 40 oC, the raffinate was obtained with a yield of 51.6% by weight with the sulfur content of 0.952% by weight. During the process the degrees of extraction were, % by weight: organosulfur components – 79.6, nitrogen–containing compounds – 93.4, polyaromatic hydrocarbons – 88.6 and alkenes – 60.9. By mixing the extracted refined products, marine fuel can be obtained that meets the requirements for sulfur content - no more than 0.5% by weight
THERMOCHEMICAL CALCULATIONS OF EQUIULIBRIUM RELATIONS OF ALUMINIUM HYDROXIDE PHASES
Authors:   St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology, Torlopov Ivan I. , Pakhomov Nikolai A. ,   St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology
Published: July 2023

A search and analysis of thermodynamic data on the phases formed during the precipitation of aluminium hydroxide from acidic salts’ solutions was carried out in order to further study the equilibrium relations of aluminium hydroxide. The study of literature on the thermodynamic properties of various aluminium hydroxides modifications obtained by low-temperature calorimetry revealed a contradiction in the calorimetric data on boehmite, which is explained by the difference in thermochemical properties between the phases of crystalline and gelatinous boehmite (boehmite and pseudoboehmite). Saturation indices of aluminium hydroxide phases were plotted, which, in turn, made it possible to compare these phases in terms of their stability and confirm certain regularities characterizing the precipitation conditions
STUDY OF THE MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYMER COMPOSITE MATERIALS BASED ON ACRYLIC HYDROGELS AND INORGANIC NANOPARTICLES USING OSCILLATION RHEOMETRY
Authors:   ITMO University, Grigoriev Dmitriy V. , Sivtsov Eugene V. ,   St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology, Uspenskaya Maya V. ,   ITMO University
Published: July 2023

The production of polymer composite materials based on acrylic gels and such inorganic fillers as bentonite and detonation nanodiamonds, which make it possible to improve physical and mechanical characteristics of gels, was studied. Oscillation rheometry methods were used to study the rheological properties of these materials, based on the dependences of dynamic modules on frequency. The influence of the fillers studied on the values of dynamic modules and the tangent of the mechanical loss angle of the gel was discussed
Analysis of the evolution of wages since USMCA in the Mexican automotive industry
Authors: Chiatchoua Cesaire , Avila Romero Rita
Published: July 2023

Undoubtedly, the arrival of large investments in Mexico in the automotive sector has constituted important competitive advantages in the recent 26 years that NAFTA has been in force, which has increased its participation in the percentage of manufacturing GDP and the contribution in the country's total exports. One of the negative aspects of this treaty has been the low wages received by skilled workers in the industry. As of 2020, this treaty was renegotiated with the implementation of the T-MEC, which allows us to set the objective of analyzing the evolution of wages from the T-MEC in the Mexican automotive sector. Through a quantitative methodology, using secondary data, the results show that average wages have evolved from 50 to 54.8 pesos per hour between 2019 and 2021. Annualizing for 2022, the wages of the assembly plants will close the year at 58.5 pesos per hour (2.9 dollars per hour). In other words, the salaries of the terminal Mexico Automotive Industry have increased by 0.30 dollars, or seen in another way, by 0.10 cents per year. This is equal to an annual increase of 3.8% and a cumulative increase of 11.5 percent.
The religious delusion and the “multiple realities” perspective
Authors:   Department of Psychiatry, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Eduard Pamfil” Psychiatric University Clinic, Timisoara, Romania, Lazarescu Mircea , Blajovan Jenica ,   “Eduard Pamfil” Psychiatric University Clinic, Timisoara, Romania, Hurmuz Marinela ,   “Eduard Pamfil” Psychiatric University Clinic, Timisoara, Romania
Published: July 2023

The religious delusion has not been the focus of many clinical and psychopathological studies. A possible reason could be that it cannot be easily assessed through the cognitivist research methodologies. An interesting approach is the one of the “multiple realities” (the fictional realities of literature, theatre, virtual computer world etc.), an idea recently developed by Gallagher. The cases of religious delusion are characterized by a psychopathologic process of depersonalization/transpersonalisation, by entering a particular role in a “special mystical world”; a simplified and distorted one. The paper discusses 12 cases of religious delusion from the Case Register for Psychosis Timisoara. It focuses on the role of narrativity and the process of identification with characters from the mythical narrations in delusion. It suggests the development of phenomenological existentialist research in the domain of delusion from the multiple realities perspective.
Antipsychotic treatment and psychosocial functioning in schizophrenia – results from Romanian cohort of EUFEST study
Authors:   2nd Department, “Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia” Clinical Psychiatric Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Matei Valentin P. ,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Mihailescu Alexandra ,   1st Department, “Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia” Clinical Psychiatric Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Purnichi Traian ,   7th Department, “Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia” Clinical Psychiatric Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Al-Bataineh Ruxandra M. ,   2nd Department, “Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia” Clinical Psychiatric Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Schizophrenia represents a chronic and debilitating illness listed by the international organisms as top priority for public health actions to reduce disability and improve the function and quality of life for people living with chronic illness. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare psychosocial functioning of schizophrenic patients after 1 year of neuroleptic treatment in a first episode schizophrenia population treated with atypical or typical antipsychotics. Methods: Procedures of the European First Episode Schizophrenia Trial study (EUFEST) have been previously described. Data analyzed in this paper refers to Romanian patients (N = 113) included in the EUFEST study. Psychosocial functioning was assessed by Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF). GAF questionnaire was applied at baseline and at 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months (end of study). Results: Mean value at 1 year compared with baseline was 76.88 (±16.20) vs. 39.06 (±13.56) for Haloperidol, 75.58 (±18.41) vs. 40.67 (±12.71) for Olanzapine, 78.57 (±10.15) vs. 37.65 (±17.05) for Quetiapine, 82.35 (±10.16) vs. 38.24 (±12.52) for Amisulpride, 76.11 (±9.47) vs. 38.33 (±10.26) for Ziprasidone. Statistical comparison with ANOVA revealed no statistically significant differences, p = 0.533. The improvement in functionality in patients did not differ between antipsychotics from one evaluation to another. During the antipsychotic treatment, the psychosocial functioning of patients improved significantly more during the first 6 months, irrespective of treatment arms. After that, the improvement continued to develop, but at a slower pace. Conclusions: Our study didn't support the superiority of atypical neuroleptics versus classical ones regarding functionality in first episode schizophrenic patients. The improvement starts fast with both classes of drugs and the larger part of improvement in functionality took part during the first 3−6 months of treatment.
Composition operators from harmonic $ \mathcal{H}^{\infty} $ space into harmonic Zygmund space
Authors: Aljuaid Munirah , Bakhit Mahmoud Ali
Published: July 2023

This research paper sought to characterize the boundedness and compactness of composition operators from the space $ \mathcal{H}^{\infty} $ of bounded harmonic mappings into harmonic Zygmund space $ \mathcal{Z}_H $, on the open unit disk. Furthermore, we obtain an estimate of the essential norms of such an operator. These results extends the similar results that were proven for composition operators on analytic function spaces.
O EFEITO DE FLYNN COMO OBJECTO TRANSDISCIPLINAR
Authors: Grácio Sérgio
Published: July 2023

O efeito de Flynn descreve a rápida progressão dos níveis cognitivos das populações dos países desenvolvidos que ocorreu sobretudo na segunda metade do século XX, e cujas causas continuam a ser discutidas. Apresento aqui uma possível explicação do fenómeno numa óptica transdisciplinar, cruzando contributos da demografia e da sociologia com os da psicometria e da genética comportamental. O recuo da fecundidade, no quadro da transição demográfica, não tem lugar ao mesmo ritmo nas várias classes sociais. São as classes cognitivamente menos favorecidas que mais reduzem a sua fecundidade. Para que tal resulte na elevação do nível cognitivo do conjunto, basta que a quebra da fecundidade na metade menos favorecida cognitivamente da população seja de grandeza superior àquela que tem lugar na metade mais favorecida, induzindo uma evolução que, a par das transformações sociais de efeitos cognitivamente relevantes na experiência dos agentes, terá contribuído, com o seu efeito próprio, para o efeito de Flynn.
New Media Interactive Design Visualization System Based on Artificial Intelligence Technology
Authors: Zhang Binbin
Published: July 2023

The experimental results show that the average cumulative contribution rate of this algorithm was 92.78%, while that of the traditional algorithm was 88.88%. In contrast, the average cumulative contribution rate of this algorithm was improved by 3.9%. In terms of classification accuracy, the average classification accuracy of this algorithm was 94.99%, while the traditional algorithm was 90.98%. In contrast, the average classification accuracy of this algorithm was improved by 4.01%. In terms of dimension reduction time, the average dimension reduction time of this algorithm was 3.46s, while that of the traditional algorithm was 6.43s. In contrast, the average dimension reduction time of this algorithm was shortened by 2.97s. It can be seen from the data that the improved PCA algorithm can effectively improve the classification accuracy and cumulative contribution rate of the visualization system, shorten the dimension reduction time, and improve the system's ability to process data.
Mixing-layer-height-referenced ozone vertical distribution in the lower troposphere of Chinese megacities: Stratification, classification, meteorological, and photochemical mechanisms
Authors: Liao Zhiheng , Gao Meng , Zhang Jinqiang , Sun Jiaren , Quan Jiannong , Jia Xingcan , Pan Yubing , Fan Shaojia
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Traditional tropospheric ozone (O3) climatology uses a simple average substantially smoothed stratification structure in individual O3 profiles, limiting our ability to properly describe and understand how O3 is vertically distributed at the interface between the mixing layer (ML) and free troposphere (FT). In this study, we collected 1,897 ozonesonde profiles from two Chinese megacities (Beijing and Hong Kong) over the period 2000–2022 to investigate climatological vertical heterogeneity of lower-tropospheric O3 distribution with a mixing-layer-height-referenced (h-referenced) vertical coordinate system. The mixing layer height (h) was first estimated following an integral method that integrates the information of temperature, humidity, and cloud. After that, a so-called h-referenced vertical distribution of O3 was determined by averaging all individual profiles expressed as a function of z/h rather than z (where z is altitude). We found that the vertical stratification of O3 is distributed heterogeneously in the lower troposphere, with stronger vertical gradients at the surface layer and ML–FT interface. There are low vertical autocorrelations of O3 between the ML and FT, but high autocorrelations within each of the two atmospheric compartments. These results suggest that the ML–FT interface acts as a geophysical “barrier” separating air masses of distinct O3 loadings. This barrier effect varies with season and city, with an ML-to-FT detrainment barrier in summer (autumn) and an FT-to-ML entrainment barrier in other seasons in Beijing (Hong Kong). Based on Student’s t test, h-referenced O3 profiles were further classified into three typical patterns: MLO3-dominated, FTO3-dominated, and uniform distribution. Although the FTO3-dominated pattern occurs most frequently during the whole study period (69 % and 54 % of days in Beijing and Hong Kong, respectively), the MLO3-dominated pattern prevails in the photochemical active season, accounting for 47 % of summer days in Beijing and 54 % of autumn days in Hong Kong. These occurrences of the MLO3-dominated pattern are significantly more frequent than in previously reported results at northern mid-latitudes, indicating intensive photochemical MLO3 production under the high-emission background of Chinese megacity. From FTO3-dominated to MLO3-dominated pattern, the O3 precursor CH2O (NO2) experiences a substantial increase (decrease) in Beijing, but a slight increase (decrease) in Hong Kong. Vertically, the increment of CH2O is larger in the upper ML and the decrement of NO2 is larger in the lower ML. Such changes in O3 precursors push O3 production sensitivity away from the VOC-limited regime and facilitate high-efficiency production of O3 via photochemical reactions, particularly in the upper ML.
Investigation of Gravity Waves using Measurements from a Sodium Temperature/Wind Lidar Operated in Multi-Direction Mode
Authors: Cao Bing , Liu Alan Z.
Published: July 2023

Abstract. A narrow-band sodium lidar provides high temporal and vertical resolution observations of sodium density, atmospheric temperature, and wind that facilitate the investigation of atmospheric waves in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (80–105 km). In order to retrieve full vector winds, such a lidar is usually configured in a multi-direction observing mode, with laser beams pointing to the zenith and several off-zenith directions. Gravity wave events were observed by such a lidar system from 06:30 to 11:00 UTC on 14 January 2002 at Maui, Hawaii (20.7° N, 156.3° W). A novel method based on cross-spectrum was proposed to derive the horizontal wave information from the phase shifts among measurements in different directions. At least two wave packets were identified using this method, one with a period of ~1.6 hr and a horizontal wavelength of ~438 km and propagating toward the southwest, the other one with a ~3.2 hr period and ~975 km wavelength and propagating toward the northwest. The background atmosphere states were also fully measured, and all intrinsic wave properties of the wave packets were derived. Dispersion and polarization relations were used to diagnose wave propagation and dissipation. It was revealed that both wave packets propagate through multiple thin evanescent layers and are partially reflected but still get a good portion of energy to penetrate higher altitudes. A sensitivity study demonstrates the capability of this method in detecting medium-scale and medium-frequency gravity waves. With continuous and high-quality measurements from similar lidar systems worldwide, this method can be utilized to detect and study the characteristics of gravity waves of specific spatio-temporal scales.
Ribosome inactivating proteins: Enzymes in search of biological function
Authors: Girbés Juan Tomás , Córdoba Díaz Damián
Published: July 2023

Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are enzymes (N-glycosidases classified as rRNA N-glycohydrolases, EC 3.2.2.22), mostly of plant origin, but also of bacterial, fungal and algal origin, which cause irreversible inhibition of protein biosynthesis carried out by ribosomes of superior organisms and some bacteria. The enzymatic activity consists of specific depurination of ribosomes that renders them unable to interact with elongation factor 2 in eukaryotes and elongation factor G in prokaryotes. The best-known RIPs, ricin and abrin, consisting of two polypeptide chains (type 2), an enzymatic chain and a lectin chain specific for D-galactose and galactosides, are extremely toxic because they can be internalised in cells by binding to plasma membrane receptors, entering the cytoplasm, reaching the Golgi apparatus, and then reaching the rough endoplasmic reticulum, where they are transferred to the cytosol and there inactivate ribosomes. The most abundant RIPs possess only one enzymatic chain (type 1) and do not possess the toxicity of ricin and abrin. Their biological function in plants is currently unknown, although different hypotheses have been proposed for their mediation in plant stress response and against pathogens. RIPs have found an interesting application in the construction of immunotoxins and conjugates in experimental cancer therapy. The formulation of RIPs into nanoparticles, has been used to optimize their biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic properties and for diagnostic purposes.

Keywords: RIP; enzyme; function; inmunotoxin; drug targeting
Antioxidant activity of lichen species
Authors: Gómez-Serranillos Pilar
Published: July 2023

The pharmacological interest of lichens lies in their ability to produce bioactive secondary metabolites, being most of them phenolic compounds with reactive hydroxyl groups which confer antioxidant potential through multiple mechanisms. The increasing incidence and impact of oxidative stress-related diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, has promoted the search of new pharmacological strategies for control purposes. The information compiled in this review comes from in vitro research, on cell substrates and animal models, which allows us to affirm that lichens constitute, in the field of natural products, a promising source of compounds, many of them phenolic, with antioxidant activity.

Keywords: lichens; pharmacology; antioxidant; secondary metabolites
Vaccines and Neglected Tropical Diseases: a complicated challenge or a postpandemic hope
Authors: García-Bernalt Diego Juan , Manzano-Román Raúl , Muro Antonio
Published: July 2023

The progress of low and middle income countries is absolutely dependent on the high impact of twenty forgotten or neglected entities caused by a wide range of etiological agents. Although there are available treatments against many of them, reinfections and drug resistance hamper their control. Until now, only commercial vaccines are effective to manage for Dengue virus and rabies. Some reasons are the low efficacy of conventional vaccines, the long lasting development and the lack of industrial involvement. Moreover, the biological and structural complexity and immunomodulatory arsenal of the neglected parasitic diseases make this an important prophylactic challenge. SARS-CoV-2 pandemic showed the real potential of mRNA vaccine technology. The flexibility of the platform associated with the new and innovative technological immunoinformatic approaches offer a new hope to face many of the sanitary problems related to poverty population for the near future.

Keywords: neglected tropical diseases; parasitic zoonoses; poverty; vaccines; mRNA
Women in the academy: the beginnings of the female presence in our corporation
Authors: Basante Pol Rosa
Published: July 2023

On January 6, 1932 Domingo Barnés Salinas, member of the Ministry of Public Instruction and Fine Arts, directed by Fernando de los Ríos, in the second government of Manuel Azaña, agreed to the desire of the Royal College of Pharmacists of Madrid, to modify the name of this Corporation by the “Spanish Academy of Pharmacy”, in order to mark more clearly its objectives of “promoting and propagating the advances of Pharmaceutical Science, promote culture and contribute to the prestige of pharmacists”.
Of the 200 members that made up the Royal College of Pharmacists of Madrid at the beginning of 1932, all pharmacists and residents in Madrid, only eight were women, a very small number that we have to analyze within the social situation and the role of women at the time; simply the difficulties they had to pursue university studies was a challenge.
After the Civil War, and the corresponding purges, those former academics who wished to continue belonging to the Cororation were obliged to present the corresponding request. No woman presented her candidacy for full member, only three remained in the status of corresponding Academics: Josefina Bayle, Ascensión Mas-Guindal Calderero and Petra Ascensión Vidal Piazuelo.
Since 1946, by a decree signed by José Ibáñez Martín, Minister of National Education, the National Academy of Pharmacy was incorporated into the Institute of Spain, but we do not know the entry of a woman to this Corporation until 1955, then María Dolores Stamm Menéndez will be incorporated, as the corresponding academic. After her, some were admitted until, in 1987, a woman reached the recognition of excellence as a number Academic, it will be María Cascales Angosto, the first to achieve it since our Coproración was part of the Institute of Spain.
The road that these women had to travel to reach the maximum recognition, as in other scientific or academic institutions, was long and – not infrequently – full of difficulties. Our purpose is to analyze who these pioneers were and what were the means and ways that led them to achieve their objectives.
Our research aims to re-integrate their names into history, record their effort, dedication and perseverance and value their scientific excellence; for this we will use, basically, the documents preserved in the Archive of the Royal National Academy of Pharmacy.

Keywords: women; academy; academy of pharmacy; Madrid; Spain
Butterfly Diversity of Pune City along the Human Impact Gradient
Authors: Kunte Krushnamegh
Published: July 2023

The study conducted by Kunte in Pune, India, reveals the diversity and distribution of butterfly species in the region. There are a total of 104 recorded species, with around 170 species estimated to be present in the Pune district. The study explores six sites with different vegetation and disturbance levels. Forests have the highest uniqueness but lower diversity, while scrub habitats are the most species-rich. Butterflies in Pune exhibit distinct flight periods, with most species flying during late monsoon and winter. Grazing and fire impact the butterfly fauna, with different species found in fire-free and fire-afflicted areas. Control of annual fires is crucial for butterfly conservation. The study also highlights population changes, with some species increasing due to home gardens hosting larval host plants. Human activities, like habitat destruction and pesticide use, pose threats to butterfly species, especially those dependent on wilderness areas. Promoting native food plants and controlling fires are essential steps for butterfly conservation.
Relationship between Depressive Mood and Parenting Style of Junior High School Students and Educational Countermeasures
Authors: Zhang Chenghua , Huang Xi , Xue Jinglan , Hao Xiaoting , Chen Li , Zhang Lianfang , Jin Mengmeng , Xing Yanli
Published: July 2023

Objective: To study the relationship between depressive mood and parenting style of junior high school students. Methods: A total of 1966 junior high school students in Henan Province were selected by cluster sampling method from May 2022 to November 2022. The survey tools included the General Social Data Questionnaire, the Parenting Style Questionnaire (PBI) and the Childhood Depression Disorder Self-Rating Scale (DSRSC). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between adolescent depression and parenting styles. Results: There were 1966 valid questionnaires, of which 1054 were female (53.6%) and 912 were male (46.4%). The age was 13.98±0.56 years. Among 1966 junior high school students, 465 junior high school students had depression. Depression of junior middle school students is negatively correlated with mother's care and father's care, positively correlated with mother's indifference and father's indifference, and positively correlated with mother's overprotection and father's overprotection. Conclusion: Parental care can reduce the risk of depression in junior middle school students, while parental apathy and overprotection can increase the risk of depression in junior middle school students. The depression detection rate of junior high school students is significantly different, highlighting different characteristics in gender, age, parenting style, etc. Educators should develop targeted education and intervention strategies according to the characteristics of junior high school students.
Ending extreme poverty amidst fragility, conflict, and violence
Authors: Diwakar Vidya
Published: July 2023

This paper examines how Fragile, Conflict-affected, and Violent (FCV) settings have impacted efforts to reduce extreme poverty today and concludes that given the complex relationship between FCVs and poverty, a flexible portfolio approach that responds to different sources of impoverishment is needed.
Utilização de anfetaminas como anorexígenos relacionados à obesidade
Authors: Moreira Francielly , Alaves Armindo Antônio
Published: July 2023

A obesidade é uma doença que atinge milhões de pessoas de várias faixas etárias e sua prevalência se expande a níveis epidêmicos. Pode originar-se a partir de alterações genéticas, as quais estão amplamente associadas a fatores ambientais, que são, atualmente, ávidos desencadeadores desta patologia, que pode levar a quadros de diabetes mellitus, hipertensão, e doenças do trato digestivo. A revisão bibliográfica contida neste trabalho tem o intuito de mostrar como o uso de drogas anorexígenas está intimamente relacionado a esta doença, principalmente quando o tratamento não medicamentoso mostra-se ineficaz. As anfetaminas são as principais substâncias utilizadas em compostos emagrecedores, estando presentes em vários fármacos acessíveis à população. São atrativas por gerarem resultados rápidos, aumento da capacidade psicoestimulante e inibição do apetite; em contrapartida, induzem alterações do sistema nervoso central e provocam dependência química se consumidas abusivamente. A metodologia utilizada consiste em buscas sobre esse tema no período de 2004 a 2014 nos seguintes bancos de dados: Scielo, CAPES, MEDLINE e Biblioteca Virtual da FHO|Uniararas.
Percepções de uma equipe multiprofissional atuante no programa saúde na escola
Authors: Moraes Júlia Cristina Damelio de , Paes Irani Aparecida Dalla Costa
Published: July 2023

O Programa Saúde na Escola (PSE), política intersetorial da Saúde e da Educação, foi instituído em 2007 a fim de promover saúde e educação de forma integrada a crianças, adolescentes, jovens e adultos. Este estudo, que é de natureza descritiva, transversal e qualitativa, visa identificar os pontos positivos e negativos desse programa de acordo com a percepção dos profissionais que atuam em um PSE. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada junto à equipe atuante em um PSE de um município do interior do Estado de São Paulo e contou com a participação de 13 profissionais da Saúde e da Educação. Como resultados foram identificados os seguintes temas: potencialidades percebidas; fragilidades apontadas; ações desenvolvidas e sugestões possíveis relacionadas ao PSE no respectivo município. As categorias elencadas por tema foram: detecção de agravos de saúde; atuação multiprofissional e desenvolvimento de parcerias; prevenção e promoção de saúde; falta de recursos humanos e de tempo para o desenvolvimento das ações; sobrecarga de funções e falta de comprometimento profissional; falta de divulgação e autorização para a implantação do programa; realização de triagem para detecção de problemas de saúde; aplicação de medidas profiláticas e de combate a verminoses; realização de palestras educativas; aquisição de recursos humanos exclusivos ao PSE; estruturação e organização do PSE já implantado, principalmente no que se refere à integração entre a equipe; e divulgação do PSE para obter maior participação dos pais. Frente ao estudo, pode-se dizer que, embora as ações no município sejam realizadas de acordo com as especificações do programa, a implantação efetiva não é clara, seja por motivos estruturais ou de planejamento. Sugere-se, então, que o município estudado repense a atuação do programa e planeje uma nova forma de agir, a fim de minimizar as fragilidades e potencializar os aspectos positivos encontrados.
Formação de professores e a Inteligência Artificial: desafios e perspectivas
Authors: Duque Rita de Cássia Soares , Turra Michelle , Dos Santos Ademar Alves , Soares Luciano Gomes , Pascon Daniela Miori , Bernardina Lucienne Dalla , Peres Heloisa Helena Ciqueto , Barros Maicol Wendrell Barbosa , Do Nascimento Isidro José Bezerra Maciel Fortaleza , Gomes Dilma Jossyane Reis de Alencar , Simões Guilherme Soares , De Oliveira Eliédna Aparecida Rocha
Published: July 2023

A formação de professores desempenha um papel crucial na garantia da qualidade da educação, preparando os educadores para enfrentar os desafios contemporâneos. No atual contexto educacional, o avanço da inteligência artificial (IA) e suas aplicações têm gerado transformações significativas nesse processo formativo. Com o objetivo de investigar os desafios e perspectivas da formação docente diante desse avanço tecnológico, realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica da literatura brasileira pertinente ao tema. A partir dessa revisão, identificaram-se três resultados principais. Primeiramente, verificou-se a necessidade de desenvolver competências específicas nos professores para lidar efetivamente com as tecnologias inteligentes, incluindo habilidades tecnológicas, socioemocionais e a capacidade de integrar a IA na prática pedagógica. Em segundo lugar, constataram-se os desafios enfrentados na formação de professores diante da IA, como a resistência à mudança, a falta de recursos adequados e as questões éticas relacionadas ao uso dessas tecnologias na educação. Por fim, exploraram-se as perspectivas e oportunidades oferecidas pela IA na formação docente, destacando a personalização do ensino, a análise de dados educacionais e a adoção de práticas inovadoras. Esses resultados contribuem para uma compreensão mais aprofundada dos impactos da IA na formação de professores no contexto brasileiro, fornecendo subsídios para o aprimoramento da qualidade educacional e a busca por soluções que aproveitem efetivamente os benefícios da IA no processo formativo.
MEASURINGINFORMATION, SYSTEM AND SERVICE QUALITIES FOR THE EVALUATION OF E-LEARNING SYSTEMS IN PAKISTAN
Authors: F.Kanwal
Published: July 2023

Higher education institutes have integratede-learning systems (ELS)in theireducational infrastructure. The development and implementation of ELS needs continuous qualityevaluation and assessment to attract more learners.A conceptual model consisting of system, serviceand information qualities was evaluated to measure the user satisfaction. Data was collected from 356learners including Post Graduate (52%) and Graduate (48%)students of Virtual University, Pakistan.To investigate the research hypotheses, Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was employed. Theempirical analysis indicated that information quality (0.38, p<0.05), service quality (0.14, p<0.05)andsystem quality(0.48, p<0.01) were the positive and significant indicators for user satisfaction.Thevariance explained by the model is 71% that showed the significance of model.
Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah dan Persepsi Sertifikasi Terhadap Kinerja Guru melalui Variabel Intervening Motivasi Berprestasi Jenjang SMP Negeri Sekabupaten Konawe Utara
Authors: Rezky Monovatra Predy , Samdin Samdin , Nur Muh.
Published: July 2023

The performance of quality teachers can have a good impact on the realization of an educational institution. This study intends to analyze the principal's leadership style and the perception of certification on teacher performance through the intervention variable of achievement motivation in SMP Negeri SeKabupaten North Konawe. The population in this study were all teachers who were recorded to be active in North Konawe Regency, as many as 42 people. The population determination is by Cluster Area Random Sampling and continued by taking samples using the Slovin technique. The analytical tool used is Smart PLS software. According to the results of the study, it can be concluded that leadership style has a good and big impact on teacher performance, leadership style has a good and big impact on achievement motivation, perceptions of certification have a good and big impact on teacher performance, perceptions of certification have a good and big impact on teacher performance and have a big impact on achievement motivation has a positive and significant impact on achievement motivation and has a good and large impact on teacher performance. Leadership style has a good and large impact on teacher performance. Cognition certification has a good and large impact on the performance of junior high school teachers in Oheo Street, North Conaway County Intervention Variables of Teacher Achievement Motivation by Country.
Analysis the Relationship between Direct Investment and Labor
Authors: Parianom Raden , Triandhari Risna , Syafitri Freesca , Rahmi Mira
Published: July 2023

The establishment of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) makes the movement of labor in the ASEAN region more free and dynamic. This provides wider opportunities for Indonesian workers to get better jobs. On the other hand, the same opportunity is also owned by citizens of other ASEAN countries to enter the labor market in Indonesia. Based on several previous empirical studies, the entry of foreign workers into a country can significantly impact economic growth, both positively and negatively. The impact is greatly influenced by the skill level of a worker. High skilled labor tends to have a positive impact on economic growth. The increase in the number of foreign workers is also influenced by FDI and GDP. The amount of FDI received by a country tends to be positively correlated with the number of foreign workers. This is because the FDI provided has applied high technology so that the knowledge transfer process is needed by foreign experts. The tendency of foreign skilled workers who have higher wages than domestic workers makes wage inequality between workers. Increased employment of foreign workers could also widen the wage gap in Indonesia.
Addressing inclusive education in the context of the pandemic: a systematic review
Authors: Aguirre Vargas Isabel Cecilia
Published: July 2023

The research focused on the development of a systematic review of different studies carried out by other authors in which the barriers, limitations and actions implemented to address this problem have been analyzed. A non-experimental methodological design with a qualitative approach was applied; In this case, techniques were applied for the search, selection, and analysis of the different referential articles so that they met the criteria of scientific relevance. A total of ten articles were reviewed, among which similar results were found that reflected the prevalence of educational inequalities that affect students with disabilities to a greater extent; In addition, it is suggested that although policies and actions aimed at guaranteeing inclusive education have been implemented, they are still minimal or insufficient to face different scenarios.  It was concluded that in order to guarantee inclusion it is essential to meet the specific needs of students with disabilities, recognize the barriers that still prevail and take measures to reduce and gradually eradicate them, for this the involvement of the State, all actors of the educational system and society in general is required.
Anorexia: A Vida na sua Impossibilidade
Authors: Rossato Mara Lúcia , Dorfman Ieda Zamel , Crasoves Natália Rossato
Published: July 2023

Anorexia nervosa é um transtorno que pode levar à morte. Morte real, física ou também à morte subjetiva.