bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dead-End Ultrafiltration and DNA-Based Methods for Detection of Cyclospora cayetanensis in Agricultural Water
Authors: Durigan Mauricio , Murphy Helen R. , da Silva Alexandre J.
Published: September 2020

Cyclospora cayetanensis
is a protozoan parasite that causes foodborne and waterborne outbreaks of diarrheal illness worldwide. These foodborne outbreaks associated with the consumption of fresh produce and agricultural water could play a role in the contamination process. In this study, a method to detect
C. cayetanensis
in agricultural water by combining a robust filtration system with sensitive and specific molecular detection was developed and validated by the FDA. The results showed that this approach could consistently detect low levels of
C. cayetanensis
contamination in 10 liters of agricultural water, corresponding to the levels that may be found in naturally occurring environmental water sources. The method was also able to detect
C. cayetanensis
in surface water samples from a specific location in the Mid-Atlantic region. Our data demonstrate the robustness of the method to detect
C. cayetanensis
in agricultural water samples, which could be very useful to identify environmental sources of contamination.
Full Molecular Typing of Neisseria meningitidis Directly from Clinical Specimens for Outbreak Investigation
Authors: Itsko Mark , Retchless Adam C. , Joseph Sandeep J. , Norris Turner Abigail , Bazan Jose A. , Sadji Adodo Yao , Ouédraogo-Traoré Rasmata , Wang Xin
Published: September 2020

Neisseria meningitidis
is a leading cause of bacterial meningitis and sepsis worldwide and an occasional cause of meningococcal urethritis. When isolates are unavailable for surveillance or outbreak investigations, molecular characterization of pathogens needs to be performed directly from clinical specimens, such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood, or urine. However, genome sequencing of specimens is challenging because of low bacterial and high human DNA abundances. We developed selective whole-genome amplification (SWGA), an isothermal multiple-displacement amplification-based method, to efficiently enrich, sequence, and
de novo
assemble
N. meningitidis
DNA from clinical specimens with low bacterial loads.
Genome Sequences of
Frankineae
sp. Strain MT45 and
Jatrophihabitans
sp. Strain GAS493, Two Actinobacteria Isolated from Forest Soil
Authors: DeAngelis Kristen M. , Pold Grace
Published: September 2020

Frankiaceae
are bacterial endosymbionts that are also found free-living in soil. Here, we present the genome sequences of two novel bacterial members of the order
Frankiales
, class
Actinobacteria
, isolated from temperate terrestrial forest soils. The genomes for MT45 and GAS493 indicate a genetic capacity for carbohydrate degradation but not nitrogen fixation.
Complete Genome Sequence of
Rhodoferax
sp. Strain BAB1, Isolated after Filter Sterilization of Tap Water
Authors: Aurass Philipp , Flieger Antje
Published: September 2020

Here, we announce the complete genome sequence of
Rhodoferax
sp. strain BAB1, which was isolated from filter-sterilized tap water. The genome consists of a 3.82-Mb chromosome. Moreover, we provide base methylation data and evidence of incomplete retention by 0.22-μm filters for this putative novel
Rhodoferax
species.
Complete Genome Sequence of Microcystis aeruginosa FD4, Isolated from a Subtropical River in Southwest Florida
Authors: Urakawa Hidetoshi , Hancock Taylor L. , Steele Jacob H. , Dahedl Elizabeth K. , Urakawa Haruka E. , Ndungu Luka K. , Krausfeldt Lauren E. , Rosen Barry H. , Lopez Jose V.
Published: September 2020

We report the first complete genome of
Microcystis aeruginosa
from North America. A harmful bloom that occurred in the Caloosahatchee River in 2018 led to a state of emergency declaration in Florida. Although strain FD4 was isolated from this toxic bloom, the genome did not have a microcystin biosynthetic gene cluster.
Draft Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus rhamnosus Strain CBC-LR1, Isolated from Homemade Dairy Foods in Bulgaria
Authors: Shehata Hanan R. , Chandler Richmond A. , Newmaster Steven G.
Published: September 2020

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
Lactobacillus rhamnosus
strain CBC-LR1, which was isolated from naturally processed, homemade dairy foods in Bulgaria. The genome was assembled in 29 contigs with a total length of 2,892,155 bp and a GC content of 46.7%. Genome annotation predicted 2,638 coding genes and 49 tRNA genes.
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in acute pancreatitis: a rare stroke mimic
Authors: Bonavia Luke John , Jackson Justin , Jurevics Richard
Published: September 2020

We report a 71-year-old woman who presented with Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) in the setting of acute pancreatitis. On day 3 of her admission, she developed transient right-sided upper and lower limb weakness, reduced visual acuity and encephalopathy, initially regarded as an acute stroke. Brain MRI fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) T2 imaging performed the same day confirmed occipital and parietal hyperdensities consistent with PRES. Her blood pressure never exceeded 150/75 mm Hg throughout the course of the admission. Our case demonstrates PRES in the setting of acute pancreatitis with only a relatively moderate elevation in blood pressure. In order to prevent unnecessary intervention in the setting of presumed acute stroke, it is important to consider the potential differential diagnoses including PRES as rare masquerade of acute stroke or transient ischaemic attack.
Discrepancy in the physical dimensions of nose and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) interface: a possible reason for high rates of nasal injury in Indian neonates
Authors: Dalal Jagjit Singh , Ajmera Sanketh Kumar , Prajapat Kanika , Sahoo Tanushree , Yadav Chander Prakash , Rao P V Madhusudhan , Thakar Alok , Thukral Anu , Sankar Mari Jeeva , Deorari Ashok Kumar , Agarwal Ramesh
Published: September 2020

Background

Properly fitting continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) interface is critical to the efficacy and safety of nasal CPAP therapy in preterm. Unfortunately, there is a perception that CPAP interfaces being used in Indian neonatal intensive care units do not fit well and cause a high rate of nasal injury.

Objectives

To determine the nasal anthropometric dimensions in preterm (<35 weeks) Indian neonates and compare them with those of commercially available CPAP interfaces.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, relevant anterior nasal parameters were measured by three dimensional imaging in 32 preterm newborn (26
+0
–34
+6
weeks) and compared with commercially available 17 short binasal CPAP prongs of multiple sizes made by five manufacturers. Dimensions for best-suited interfaces were generated for Indian neonates.

Results

The mean (SD) gestation and birth weight of enrolled neonates were 30.6 (3.0) weeks and 1338 (575) g, respectively. The inter prong distance was narrower than the upper bound of the 95% CI of the columellar width in Hudson type CPAP interfaces in <1250 g weight category with discrepancy in measurement varying from 0.2 to 0.5 mm and 0.9–1.4 mm at midpoint and base of columella, respectively. Similarly, the lower bound of 95% CI of the distance between the lateral walls of the nostrils was narrower than the width of the prongs by 1–3 mm.

Conclusions

There is mismatch between nasal prongs and nose dimension of Indian neonates resulting in possible erosion of columella and distension of nostrils.
Banning smoking at Army Foundation College, Harrogate: a military phase I training establishment’s experience of introducing a smoking ban
Authors: Johnstone Amy , Martin-Bates AJ
Published: September 2020

In September 2019, Harrogate Army Foundation College (AFC) introduced what is believed to be the British Army’s first smoking ban. AFC, the British Army’s only training college for junior soldiers (JS) aged 16–18 years, had identified the possibility of JS adopting a smoking habit during training and introduced positive steps to mitigate this risk. The smoking ban for JS was part of a phased approach, with a complete ban being implemented in January 2020, which extended to all personnel on camp. A historically strong smoking culture in the military meant introducing a ban had inherent challenges, but the potential benefits from doing so made it worth considering. The introduction of the ban coincided with an intake of around 1070 new JS. Intakes are a busy period for the medical centre, with each JS requiring an Initial Medical Assessment. The added requirement to provide smoking cessation therapy at this time resulted in an increased workload. Medical challenges during this period included staffing numbers, dispensary stock levels for nicotine replacement therapy and disruption to routine clinics. However, experience gained from the September 2019 intake resulted in modifications that allowed the next intake in March 2020 to be optimised. Success when introducing a smoking ban in a military establishment is dependent on early planning and clear communication between the chain of command and the medical centre. As the military moves towards a larger scale smoking ban, lessons from AFC’s experience may help guide other military establishments with the implementation process.
Premature permanent discontinuation of apixaban or warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Carnicelli Anthony P , Al-Khatib Sana M , Xavier Denis , Dalgaard Frederik , Merrill Peter D , Wojdyla Daniel M , Lewis Basil S , Hanna Michael , Alexander John H , Lopes Renato D , Wallentin Lars , Granger Christopher B
Published: September 2020

Aims

The ARISTOTLE (Apixaban for Reduction in Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation) trial randomised patients with atrial fibrillation at risk of stroke to apixaban or warfarin. We sought to describe patients from ARISTOTLE who prematurely permanently discontinued study drug.

Methods/Results

We performed a posthoc analysis of patients from ARISTOTLE who prematurely permanently discontinued study drug during the study or follow-up period. Discontinuation rates and reasons for discontinuation were described. Death, thromboembolism (stroke, transient ischaemic attack, systemic embolism), myocardial infarction and major bleeding rates were stratified by ≤30 days or >30 days after discontinuation. A total of 4063/18 140 (22.4%) patients discontinued study drug at a median of 7.3 (2.2, 15.2) months after randomisation. Patients with discontinuation were more likely to be female and had a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, renal impairment and anaemia. Premature permanent discontinuation was more common in those randomised to warfarin than apixaban (23.4% vs 21.4%; p=0.002). The most common reasons for discontinuation were patient request (46.1%) and adverse event (34.9%), with no significant difference between treatment groups. The cumulative incidence of clinical events ≤30 days after premature permanent discontinuation for all-cause death, thromboembolism, myocardial infarction, and major bleeding was 5.8%, 2.6%, 0.9%, and 3.0%, respectively. No significant difference was seen between treatment groups with respect to clinical outcomes after discontinuation.

Conclusion

Premature permanent discontinuation of study drug in ARISTOTLE was common, less frequent in patients receiving apixaban than warfarin and was followed by high 30-day rates of death, thromboembolism and major bleeding. Initiatives are needed to reduce discontinuation of oral anticoagulation.
Leukemia escape in immune desert: intraocular relapse of pediatric pro-B-ALL during systemic control by CD19-CAR T cells
Authors: Willier Semjon , Raedler Johannes , Blaeschke Franziska , Stenger Dana , Pazos Escudero Montserrat , Jurgeleit Florian , Grünewald Thomas G P , Binder Vera , Schmid Irene , Albert Michael H , Wolf Armin , Feuchtinger Tobias
Published: September 2020

Background

Relapsed/refractory B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) remains a major therapeutic challenge in pediatric hematology. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells targeting CD19 have shown remarkable initial response rates in BCP-ALL patients, while long-term leukemia control rate is only about 50%. So far, main mechanisms of BCP-ALL relapse after CD19-CAR T-cell therapy have been either insufficient CAR T-cell persistence in vivo or loss of surface CD19.

Case Report

Here, we report an exceptional presentation of BCP-ALL relapse in the eye during the systemic control through CAR T-cell therapy. We report a case of fatal intraocular relapse in a pediatric patient with pro-B-ALL after initial response to CD19-CAR T-cell therapy. One month after CD19-CAR T-cell therapy, remission was documented by bone marrow aspirate analysis with absence of CD19+ cells and CD19-CAR T cells could be detected in both peripheral blood and bone marrow. At the same time, however, the patient presented with progressive visual disturbance and CD19+ cells were found within the anterior chamber of the eye. Despite local and systemic therapy, ocular relapse led to BCP-ALL dissemination and systemic relapse within weeks. The eye represents a rare site for local manifestation of BCP-ALL, but isolated intraocular relapse is a clinically unreckoned presentation of BCP-ALL in the era of CD19-CAR T cells.

Conclusion

During systemic control of BCP-ALL through CD19-CAR T cells, relapse can emerge in the eye as an immune-privileged organ. Ocular symptoms after CD19-CAR T-cell therapy should guide the clinician to elucidate the etiology in a timely fashion in order to adjust leukemia treatment strategy. Both, local immune escape as well as insufficient CAR T-cell persistence may have contributed to relapse in the reported patient. Mechanisms of relapse in an immune desert under CAR T-cell therapy require future clinical and experimental attention. In particular, ocular symptoms after CAR T-cell therapy should be considered a potentially early sign of leukemia relapse.
What do patients prefer? A multinational, longitudinal, qualitative study on patient-preferred treatment outcomes in early rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Van der Elst Kristien , Mathijssen Elke G E , Landgren Ellen , Bremander Ann , De Groef An , Lindqvist Elisabet , Nylander Maria , Peters Alma , Van den Hoogen Frank , van Eijk-Hustings Yvonne , Verhoeven Gerard , Vriezekolk Johanna E , Westhovens Rene , Larsson Ingrid
Published: September 2020

Objectives

To explore treatment outcomes preferred by patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and how these change throughout the early disease stage across three European countries.

Methods

A longitudinal, qualitative, multicentre study was conducted in Belgium, the Netherlands and Sweden. 80 patients with early RA were individually interviewed 3–9 months after treatment initiation and 51 of them participated again in either a focus group or an individual interview 12–21 months after treatment initiation. Data were first analysed by country, following the Qualitative Analysis Guide of Leuven (QUAGOL). Thereafter, a meta-synthesis, inspired by the principles of meta-ethnography and the QUAGOL, was performed, involving the local research teams.

Results

The meta-synthesis revealed 11 subthemes from which four main themes were identified: disease control, physical performance, self-accomplishment and well-being. ‘A normal life despite RA’ was an overarching patient-preferred outcome across countries. Belgian, Dutch and Swedish patients showed many similarities in terms of which outcomes they preferred throughout the early stage of RA. Some outcome preferences (eg, relief of fatigue and no side effects) developed differently over time across countries.

Conclusions

This study on patient-preferred outcomes in early RA revealed that patients essentially want to live a normal life despite RA. Our findings help to understand what really matters to patients and provide specific insights into the early stage of RA, which should be addressed by clinicians of different disciplines from the start of treatment onwards.
OPM magnetorelaxometry in the presence of a DC bias field
Authors: Jaufenthaler Aaron , Schultze Volkmar , Scholtes Theo , Schmidt Christian B. , Handler Michael , Stolz Ronny , Baumgarten Daniel
Published: September 2020

Spatial quantitative information about magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) distributions is a prerequisite for biomedical applications like magnetic hyperthermia and magnetic drug targeting. This information can be gathered by means of magnetorelaxometry (MRX) imaging, where the relaxation of previously aligned MNP’s magnetic moments is measured by sensitive magnetometers and an inverse problem is solved. To remove or minimize the magnetic shielding in which MRX imaging is carried out today, the knowledge of the influence of background magnetic fields on the MNP’s relaxation is a prerequisite. We show MRX measurements using an intensity-modulated optically pumped magnetometer (OPM) in background magnetic fields of up to $100~\upmu \mbox{T}$
100

μ

T
. We show that the relaxation parameters alter or may be intentionally altered significantly by applying static fields parallel or antiparallel to the MNP’s alignment direction. Further, not only the relaxation process of the MNP’s magnetic moments could be measured with OPM, but also their alignment due to the MRX excitation field.
Reflections on reflections of Dieter Bothe on the ‘litmus test’ for mathematical models of dynamic wetting
Authors: Shikhmurzaev Yulii D.
Published: September 2020

The comments of Dieter Bothe on the ‘litmus test’ proposed in [Y.D. Shikhmurzaev, Eur. Phys. J. Special Topics 229, 1945 (2020)] as a simple way of assessing adequacy of mathematical models of dynamic wetting are examined and shown to be erroneous with regards to two of the flow configurations described in the ‘litmus test’ and missing for the remaining two. Therefore, the conclusions of Bothe’s paper [D. Bothe, Eur. Phys. J. Special Topics 229, 1979 (2020)] should be regarded as completely unfounded.
Numerical solution technique for solving isoperimetric variational problems
Authors: Mahdy A. M. S. , Youssef E. S. M.
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we have a zeal for fulfilling the estimated scientific answers for the calculus of variations by using the Sumudu transform method (STM). The main target is to search the numerical arrangement of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) which emerge from the variational problems where first the fundamental condition for the arrangement of the issue is to fulfill the Euler–Lagrange condition and then solve the equations using STM. The valuable properties of the Sumudu change technique are used to downsize the calculation of the issue to a gathering of straight arithmetical conditions. We introduce four variational problems and discover the numerical solution of those problems using STM and plot the curves of those solutions. These models are picked such that there exist systematic answers for them to offer a reasonable diagram and show the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. Numerical outcomes are registered utilizing Maple programming.
Study of thermal behavior of poly (lactic) acid composites with electron beam irradiated luffa fiber
Authors: Patra S. , Mohanta K. L. , Parida C.
Published: September 2020

Modification of surface of natural fibers by high energy electron beam irradiation (6 MeV) is a process for enhancing the adhesion between fiber and matrix. Composites reinforced with natural fiber have gained a prominent place in the field of research and innovation due to the advantages such as low cost, light weight and environment friendly factors. We have studied the thermal properties such as thermal degradation and crystallinity behavior of biodegradable composites using biodegradable polymer poly (lactic) acid (PLA) and fiber of luffa cylindrica (LC) fabricated by using injection molding technique. First, reinforcement LC fibers are irradiated with electron beam of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 10.0 Gy using 6 MeV linear accelerator at room temperature in presence of air. The thermal properties like glass transition temperature [Formula: see text], cold crystallization temperature [Formula: see text], melting peak temperature [Formula: see text] and thermal stability of the composites are studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in the temperature range from 30[Formula: see text]C to 250[Formula: see text]C and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in temperature range from 20[Formula: see text]C to 700[Formula: see text]C. The variation of these properties in response to the irradiation dose is analyzed in detail. It is observed that with increase in irradiation dose, glass transition temperature and crystallization temperature increase. However, the thermal stability of the composites is found to increase with increase in irradiation dose.
Negative curvature in graph braid groups
Authors: Genevois Anthony
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we initiate a geometric study of graph braid groups. More precisely, by applying the formalism of special colorings introduced in a previous paper, we determine precisely when a graph braid group is Gromov-hyperbolic, toral relatively hyperbolic and acylindrically hyperbolic.
Estimation of Optimal Values for Lumped Elements in a Finite Element — Lumped Parameter Model of a Loudspeaker
Authors: Nielsen Daniel Gert , Andersen Peter Risby , Jensen Jakob Søndergaard , Agerkvist Finn Thomas
Published: September 2020

Finite element methods are progressively being utilized to assist in the continuous development of loudspeakers. The core of this paper is the method of lumping certain parts of the finite element model, creating a significant reduction in the model complexity that allows for e.g. faster structural optimization. This is illustrated in the paper with a loudspeaker example where the electromagnetic parts are lumped as well as the spider. It is shown that the simplified model still matches the complex response of the full FE model at very high frequencies.
Strategic Imperatives Behind China’s Belt and Road Initiative
Authors: Liow Joseph Chinyong
Published: September 2020

A signature initiative that bears the personal imprimatur of President Xi Jinping, the Belt and Road Initiative has been articulated by the Chinse leadership as a grand narrative. Yet, given the reality that it comprises a series of mostly bilateral developmental initiatives that China has entered into with various countries, can we identify broader strategic intent behind the BRI? This essay attempts to answer this question by exploring the geopolitical and geoeconomic dimensions of the BRI and how they may be interlinked with China’s domestic considerations. It also assess the potential, shortcomings, blind spots, and criticisms of the BRI.
Force on Fluid by Immersed Body — And Archimedes’ Principle
Authors: Goh Ker Liang
Published: September 2020

Applying Newton’s third law, the action and reaction pair of the buoyant force (upthrust) when an object is immersed in a fluid is considered. A discussion follows on how this can be used to solve problems and derive Archimedes’ principle.
Mechanism of Paleoarchean continental crust formation as archived in granitoids from the northern part of Singhbhum Craton, eastern India
Authors: Dey Sukanta , Nayak Sibani Kumari , Mitra Aniruddha , Zong Keqing , Liu Yongsheng
Published: September 2020

Many Paleoarchean cratons display a gradual change from early sodic tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite magmatism to late K-rich granitoid magmatism; the geodynamic significance of this change is debatable though. This contribution presents field, geochemical and zircon U–Pb age and Hf isotope results of four different 3.32–3.25 Ga granitoid bodies from the northern part of Singhbhum Craton to investigate their petrogenesis and role in crustal evolution. The granitoids range in composition from tonalites to trondhjemites, derived from intracrustal melting at low- to medium-pressure conditions. The source was mainly low-K mafic rock. The granitoids show intrasuite fractional crystallization. These sodic granitoids represent the last stage of granitoid magmatism in the Singhbhum Craton which formed contemporaneously with K-rich granitoids occurring in other parts of the craton. This fact suggests that, contrary to the popular notion (of only potassic granitoids), both sodic and potassic granitoids could form at the terminal phase of cratonization, implying reworking of heterogeneous (mafic to tonalite) crust. A combination of evidence from geochemical data, secular change in granitoid composition, structural pattern and rock association of the Singhbhum Craton reflects that recurring mantle plume-related mafic–ultramafic magma emplacement in an oceanic plateau setting and attendant crustal melting can explain the Paleoarchean crustal evolution pattern.
Interval Arithmetic and Self-Similarity Based RTL Input Vector Control for Datapath Leakage Minimization
Authors: Pendyala Shilpa , Islam Sheikh Ariful , Katkoori Srinivas
Published: September 2020

With technology scaling, subthreshold leakage has dominated the overall power consumption in a design. Input vector control is an effective technique to minimize subthreshold leakage. Low leakage input vector determination is not often possible due to large design space and simulation time. Similarly, applying an appropriate minimum leakage vector (MLV) to each Register Transfer Level (RTL) module instance in a design often results in a low leakage state with significant area overhead. In this work, we propose a top-down and bottom-up approach for propagating the input vector interval to identify low leakage input vector at primary inputs of an RTL datapath. For each module, via Monte Carlo simulation, we identify a set of MLV intervals such that maximum leakage is within (say) 10% of the lowest leakage points. As the module bit width increases, exhaustive simulation to find the low leakage vector is not feasible. Further, we need to uniformly search the entire input space to obtain as many low leakage intervals as possible. Based on empirical observations, we observe self-similarity in the subthreshold leakage distribution of adder/multiplier modules with highly regular bit-slice architectures when input space is partitioned into smaller cells. This property enables the uniform search of low leakage vectors in the entire input space where the time taken for characterization increases linearly with the module size. We further process the reduced interval set with simulated annealing to arrive at the best low-leakage vector at the primary inputs. We also propose to reduce area overhead (in some cases to 0%) by choosing Primary Input (PI) MLVs such that resultant inputs to internal nodes are also MLVs. Compared to existing work, experimental results for DSP filters simulated in 16nm technology demonstrated leakage savings of 93.6% and 89.2% for top-down and bottom-up approaches with no area overhead.
Free and Bioavailable Fractions of Vitamin D: Association with Maternal Characteristics in Brazilian Pregnant Women
Authors: Pereira Joana N. , Chactoura Julia , Nohra Fernanda , Diogenes Maria Eduarda L. , Bezerra Flávia F.
Published: September 2020

Normal pregnancy is characterized by many changes in vitamin D metabolism, challenging the assessment of vitamin D status based exclusively on serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). We hypothesized that measuring free and bioavailable fractions contributes to a better vitamin D status assessment in late pregnancy. Our aim was to evaluate a broad set of biomarkers of vitamin D status in Brazilian women in the third trimester of pregnancy. This cross-sectional study was conducted in women (n = 123, 18–44 y, 27–41 wk gestation) attended in a public maternity in Rio de Janeiro (2016–2018). Biomarkers included serum concentrations of total 25(OH)D3, parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D-binding protein (DBP), and free and bioavailable fractions of 25(OH)D3. Vitamin D insufficiency (<50 nmol/L) was prevalent in 47.9% of the pregnant women. Serum 25(OH)D3 was inversely associated with the gestational week (β = −0.71, 95% confidence interval (CI): −1.31 to −0.16) and season, being lower in autumn (β = −9.90, 95% CI: −16.14 to -3.64) and winter (β = −16.74, 95%CI: −23.13 to −10.34). Concentrations of DBP, and free and bioavailable 25(OH)D3 were also inversely associated with winter months (P<0.05). DBP was directly associated with prepregnancy BMI (β = 5.84, 95% CI: 0.62 to 11.06). The recognized season-effect on total 25(OH)D3 appeared to also occur on free and bioavailable fractions. Although advanced gestational age was associated with lower total 25(OH)D3, our results suggest an adaptive mechanism responsible for maintaining free fraction during the 3rd trimester. We also suggest that starting pregnancy in obese condition may have an impact on vitamin D bioavailability, which deserves further investigation.
Establishment and Investigation of a Multiple Gene Expression Signature to Predict Long‐Term Survival in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Zhang Zhiqiang , Gu Jiangning , Yin Menghong , Wang Di , Ma Chi , Du Jian , Lin Zhikun , Hu Siling , Wang Xuelong , Li Ying , Tan Guang , Luo Haifeng , Wei Gang
Published: September 2020

Pancreatic cancer remains a lethal type of cancer with poor prognosis. Molecular classification enables in‐depth, precise prognostic assessment. This study is aimed at identifying a robust and simple mRNA signature to predict the overall survival (OS) of pancreatic cancer (PC) patients. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between 45 paired pancreatic tumor samples and adjacent healthy tissues were selected. For risk determination, a LASSO Cox regression model with DEGs was used to generate the OS‐associated risk score formula for the training cohort containing 177 PC patients. Another five independent datasets were used as the testing cohort to determine the predictive efficiency for further validation. In total, 441 DEGs were selected after considering the enrichment of classical pathways, such as EMT, cell cycle, cell adhesion, and PI3K‐AKT. A five‐gene signature for risk discrimination was established with high efficacy using LASSO Cox regression in the training group. External validation showed that patients identified by the gene expression signature to be in the high‐risk group had poorer prognosis compared with the low‐risk patients. Further investigation identified the differential epigenetic modification patterns of the five genes, which indicated their roles in tumor progression and their effect on therapy. In conclusion, we constructed a robust five‐gene expression signature that could predict the OS of PC patients, offering a new insight for risk discrimination in daily clinical practice.
Prevalence of Hypertension and Its Associated Factors among Indonesian Adolescents
Authors: Kurnianto Andra , Kurniadi Sunjaya Deni , Ruluwedrata Rinawan Fedri , Hilmanto Dany
Published: September 2020

Background. Given that hypertension in adulthood has its onset in childhood, it is not surprising that the prevalence of hypertension among adolescents has also increased in recent years. However, there are limited data on the prevalence of hypertension and also the new AAP guideline has not yet been applied to the Indonesian adolescent population. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of hypertension using the new AAP guideline and to assess the occurrence of its associated factors among Indonesian adolescents. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study conducted at twelve senior high schools in Palembang, South Sumatera, Indonesia, from June to December 2019. The study included adolescents aged 13 to 18 years old. Anthropometric measurements were obtained. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the risk factors most associated with hypertension among adolescents, and then an equation model was created. The prevalence of hypertension was evaluated, together with several factors such as age group, sex, ethnicity, family history of hypertension, nutritional status, physical activity, perceived stress, sleep duration, nutritional intake, and smoking. Results. In total, 1200 adolescents aged 15.9 ± 0.99 years were evaluated. The prevalence of hypertension and elevated blood pressure among adolescents was 8% and 12.2%, respectively. There were significant associations between sex, family history of hypertension, hypertensive father, nutritional status, physical activity, perceived stress, and hypertension among Indonesian adolescents (p<0.05). Stress was the most powerful risk factor of hypertension with an odds ratio of 5.83 (95% confidence interval 2.91–11.6). Conclusions. Nowadays, the prevalence of hypertension among Indonesian adolescents is quite high. This may be caused by lifestyle or behavior changes among adolescents. Sex, family history of hypertension, nutritional status, physical activity, and perceived stress influenced the 27% hypertension prevalence rate among Indonesian adolescents, particularly in Palembang, South Sumatera. In order to decrease the prevalence of hypertension in adults, concern about lifestyle or behavior changes and hypertension among adolescents should be given.
Echocardiography in Confirmed and Highly Suspected Symptomatic COVID-19 Patients and Its Impact on Treatment Change
Authors: Benyounes Nadia , Van Der Vynckt Clélie , Tibi Séverine , Iglesias Alexandra , Salomon Laurence , Gout Olivier , Tibi Thierry
Published: September 2020

Background. COVID-19 interacts at multiple levels with the cardiovascular system. The prognosis of COVID-19 infection is known to be worse for patients with underlying cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, the virus is responsible for many cardiovascular complications. Myocardial injury may affect up to 20% of the critically ill patients. However, echocardiography’s impact on the management of patients affected by COVID-19 remains unknown. Objectives. To explore echocardiography’s impact on the management of COVID-19 patients. Methods. This study was conducted from March 24th to April 14th, 2020, in a single center at Adolphe de Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France. All consecutive inpatients with laboratory and/or CT COVID-19 diagnosis were included in this study. Patients’ characteristics (clinical, biological, and imaging) and treatment change induced by echocardiography were collected and analyzed. Patients with and without treatment change induced by echocardiography were compared. Results. A total of 56 echocardiographies in 42 patients with highly suspected or confirmed COVID-19 were included in the final analyses. The median age was 66 (IQR 60.5–74). Echocardiography induced a treatment change in 9 cases (16%). The analyzed clinical data were not associated with any treatment change induced by echocardiography. D-dimer and Troponin levels were the only biological predictors of the induced treatment change. On echocardiography, higher systolic pulmonary arterial pressure and documented cardiac thrombi were associated with treatment changes in these patients. Conclusions. Echocardiography may be useful for the management of selected COVID-19 patients, especially those with elevated D-Dimer and Troponin levels, in up to 16% of patients.
Measurement and Analysis of Central Corneal Thickness at Different Postnatal Stages in Chinese Premature Infants
Authors: Liu Chenyi , Wu Hanfei , Lao Jimeng , Wu Sulan , Xu Xiaoqiong , Lv Zhe , Mao Jianbo
Published: September 2020

Purpose. The objective of this study was to evaluate central corneal thickness (CCT) in Chinese premature infants at different postnatal stages to study the peak point and analyze influential factors on CCT development. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study of premature infants. Initial CCT measurement was taken at 34 weeks of gestational age (GA) and at intervals until 88 weeks of postmenstrual age (PMA) was reached. The comparison and correlation analysis were carried out to access the association of CCT with gender, birth weight (BW), GA, and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) for each PMA. The premature infants were divided into the thick CCT group and the thin CCT group according to the average CCT at 40 w. And the difference in CCT between the two groups at subsequent 52 w and 64 w was compared. Results. A total of 1726 premature infants (3463 measurements) with an average of 2.21 ± 1.57 measurements were included in this study. The CCT decreased from 34 w GA to 52 w PMA (R = 92.36, P<0.0001) and then reached a plateau (R = 2.541, P=0.3567). Male P<0.05, low BW P<0.05, and low GA P<0.05 were associated with thicker CCT at the early stage of PMA. The premature infants who had thick CCT at 40 w would have thick CCT at 52 w and 64 w accordingly. Conclusions. The CCT values of premature infants decreased over time and plateaued at 52 w PMA. Gender, BW, and GA were considered as the influential factors of CCT at the early stage of PMA. Moreover, CCT at 40 w could forecast its development trend at 52 w or 64 w after birth.
Seismic Analysis of a Large LNG Tank considering the Effect of Liquid Volume
Authors: Zhao Yi , Li Hong-Nan , Fu Xing , Zhang Shuocheng , Mercan Oya
Published: September 2020

Large Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) tanks are prone to damage during strong earthquakes, and accurate seismic analysis must be performed during the design phase to prevent secondary disasters. However, the seismic analysis of large LNG tanks is associated with high computational requirements, which cannot be satisfied by the calculation efficiency of traditional analytical techniques such as the Coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian (CEL) method. Thus, this paper aims to employ a less computationally demanding algorithm, the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics-Finite Element Method (SPH-FEM) algorithm, to simulate large LNG tanks. The seismic response of a 160,000 m3 LNG prestressed storage tank is evaluated with different liquid depths using the SPH-FEM algorithm, and simulation results are obtained with excellent efficiency and accuracy. In addition, large von Mises stress at the base of the tank indicates that strong earthquakes can severely jeopardize the structural integrity of large LNG tanks. Therefore, the SPH-FEM algorithm provides a feasible approach for the analysis of large liquid tanks in seismic engineering applications.
Expression of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 and Serum Level of Adiponectin in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Kordafshari Morteza , Nourian Mahyar , Mehrvar Narjes , Jalaeikhoo Hassan , Etemadi Aida , Khoshdel Ali Reza , Idris Mohammad Ghaznavi , Iravani Shahrokh , Mehrvar Azim
Published: September 2020

Background: Cancer is one of the major causes of death worldwide and the third leading cause of death in Iran. One of the proteins that are considered having anticancer effects is the adiponectin hormone. Adiponectin leads to programmed cell death, prevents cell growth and proliferation, and increases the expression levels of BCL2. Aim: The aim of this study was to assay the expression of adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) genes in gastric cancer patients. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 42 gastric cancer patients and 52 volunteers as healthy controls were enrolled. Total RNA was extracted. cDNA was synthesized by the reverse transcription method, and expression analysis was performed by real-time PCR. The serum level of adiponectin was also measured by ELISA. Results: The expression of both AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 was significantly higher than the control group (p = 0.02). Serum adiponectin was significantly lower in gastric cancer cases when compared with normal controls (p = 0.03). Conclusion: We found that expression level of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 is strongly higher; however, the level of circulating adiponectin is lower in gastric cancer. Our study suggests that the expression of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, besides the low level of adiponectin, may play an important role in the development and/or progression of gastric cancer.
Hospital Variation in Cholecystectomies in The Netherlands: A Nationwide Observational Study
Authors: Latenstein Carmen S.S. , Wennmacker Sarah Z. , Groenewoud Stef , Noordenbos Mark W. , Atsma Femke , de Reuver Philip R.
Published: September 2020

Background: Practice variation generally raises concerns about the quality of care. This study determined the longitudinal degree of hospital variation in proportion of patients with gallstone disease undergoing cholecystectomy, while adjusted for case-mix, and the effect on clinical outcomes. Methods: A nationwide, longitudinal, database study was performed in all hospitals in the Netherlands in 2013–2015. Patients with gallstone disease were collected from the diagnosis-related group database. Hospital variation in case-mix-adjusted cholecystectomy rates was calculated per year. Clinical outcomes after cholecystectomy were compared between hospitals in the lowest/highest 20th percentile of the distribution of adjusted cholecystectomy rates in all 3 subsequent years. Results: In total, 96,673 patients with gallstones were included. The cholecystectomy rate was 73.6%. In 2013–2015, the case-mix-adjusted performance of cholecystectomies was in hospitals with high rates 1.5–1.6 times higher than in hospitals with low rates. Hospitals with a high adjusted cholecystectomy rate had a higher laparoscopy rate, shorter time to surgery, and less emergency department visits after a cholecystectomy compared to hospitals with a low-adjusted cholecystectomy rate. Conclusion: Hospital variation in cholecystectomies in the Netherlands is modest, cholecystectomy rates varies by <2-fold, and variation is stable over time. Cholecystectomies in hospitals with high adjusted cholecystectomy rates are associated with improved outcomes.
A política das plazas nacionales e a atribuição de ofícios públicos na Catalunha após a Guerra de Sucessão: uma desnaturalização da administração
Authors: Gandolfo Alberto Airton Amendola
Published: September 2020

Este artigo analisará a atribuição de ofícios públicos no Principado da Catalunha após a Guerra de Sucessão (1701 - 1714), sobretudo, os métodos utilizados para a escolha de servidores dos ofícios públicos no contexto de reorganização da administração pública na Monarquia espanhola. Nosso objetivo é estudar as políticas utilizadas para essas escolhas, em especial, a política das plazas nacionales, que assegurava que uma parte mínima dos cargos indicados fosse conferida a catalães. Tais medidas foram implementadas na conjuntura que se constrói após a promulgação da Nueva Planta em 1716 por Felipe V, que extinguiu a maioria dos foros do Principado, dentre os quais destacamos as prohibiciones de estrangería, que garantiam a exclusividade dos cargos públicos aos catalães. Para atingir o objetivo proposto, discutiremos a bibliografia sobre esse assunto, em especial, recorrendo aos estudos especializados dos historiadores Pere Molas i Ribalta (1942 - X) e Jean Pierre Dedieu (1948 - X), mapeando as divergências e convergências de perspectiva sobre o tema em questão. Trata-se de um artigo de recenseamento bibliográfico e portanto, suas conclusões serão embasadas na interpretação e contraposição dos trabalhos e das estatísticas prosopográficas mobilizadas pelos autores.
Fronteiras criminais no Nazismo: lei e moral nos julgamentos de Konrad Morgen
Authors: Tavares Jaqueline Uzai
Published: September 2020

O propósito do presente artigo é propor uma análise para a relação entre moralidade e legalidade nos registros criminais e testemunhos do juiz Konrad Morgen, um oficial da SS que trabalhou julgando crimes cometidos pelos membros da organização em Campos de Concentração. Atráves da leitura dos registros do julgamento conduzido por ele em Buchenwald em 1944 e de seus testemunhos para o Tribunal de Nuremberg, busca-se mapear os acusados, os condenados e as justificativas mobilizadas pela SS. A análise revela que a violência, a corrupção e a insubordinação não explicam completamente o julgamento, uma vez que essas práticas eram amplamente disseminadas e raramente julgadas. Neste sentido, o tribunal tem a função de delimitar referencias jurídicos e morais para o estabelecimento de fronteiras criminais que, simultaneamente, condenam indivíduos e absolvem o sistema. Morgen é uma engrenagem político-ideológica deste mecanismo de auto-reprodução da SS, que materializa um exemplo de duas ambíguas relações do regime – com a lei e com os princípios que a embasam. Seus casos são interessante ponto de partida para ponderar como esses elementos eram articulados dentro do aparato ideológico nazista – algo particularmente importante quando tratando de um período histórico cujo peso memorial e moral é manifesto.
“It’s TikTok with no c!”: the Need for Critical Literacy Curricula in the Elementary Classroom
Authors: Nam Yoonjin
Published: September 2020

Students walk into the classroom with numerous hours of exposure to social media. Through different social media platforms, they engage in digital literacy and experience entertainment but also, questions, frustrations and different negotiations of their identities. This qualitative, ethnographic case study was done in an elementary classroom in the Midwest. Participants revealed their keen awareness to the viral debates that happened on TikTok (a mobile video- sharing app) regarding race and the frustrations they experienced through it personally. These findings suggest the urgent need for critical literacy curricula (specifically critical Hip Hop pedagogy) to be implemented within schools for dialogue to even begin which could eventually become an avenue for students to express their agency.
Taxonomical account of the Indian Cyzicid Ozestheria annandalei (Daday, 1913) (Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata) from peninsular India

Authors: PADHYE SAMEER M. , INGALE PRASHANT ARUN , VANJARE AVINASH ISAAC
Published: September 2020

The spinicaudatan family Cyzicidae represents a group of morphologically variable species whose taxonomy is still being updated (Schwentner et al. 2009, 2015, 2020; Rogers et al. 2017). There are 21 species of spinicaudatans currently reported from the Indian subcontinent out of which 4 species represent the Cyzicidae family (sensu Rogers & Padhye, 2015; not considering the species from Eocyzicus genus which are now shifted to Eocyzicidae family sensu Schwentner et al. 2020). Ozestheria indica (Daday, 1913), one of the four species, has been re-described very recently (Padhye, 2020). Ozestheria indica and Ozestheria annandalei (Daday, 1913) are the two valid species currently known from peninsular India (Padhye, 2020; Rogers, 2020 2020). Padhye et al., (2015) re-described the female of a Cyzicus sp. which was later confirmed as C. annandalei (Rogers & Padhye, 2015).
A new species of the genus Urumaelmis Satô (Coleoptera, Elmidae, Macronychini) from Kyushu Island, Japan
Authors: NAKAJIMA JUN , KAMITE YUUKI
Published: September 2020

A new species, Urumaelmis flammea Nakajima and Kamite, sp. nov., is described from Kyushu, Japan. This is the second species of the genus Urumaelmis Satô, 1963. The new species differs from the previously known species in the body size, the elytral carinae, and the shape of the aedeagus.
The advertisement call of Boana freicanecae (Carnaval & Peixoto, 2004) (Anura: Hylidae), an endemic and poorly known treefrog from northeastern Brazil
Authors: MARINHO PEDRO , ROBERTO IGOR JOVENTINO , LISBOA BARNAGLEISON S.
Published: September 2020

Boana freicanecae is a medium-sized hylid (males SVL= 37.3–42.2 mm) belonging to the B. pulchella group (Carnaval & Peixoto 2004). This species is associated with streams in Atlantic montane forests (450–750 m elevation) located from the Pernambuco Biogeographic Sub-Region (Silva & Casteleti 2003), in the states of Pernambuco and Alagoas, northeastern Brazil (Carnaval & Peixoto 2004; Cardoso et al. 2006). Currently, B. freicanecae is classified as ‘Data Deficient’ according to the Brazilian Red List of Threatened species (ICMBio 2018) and many aspects of its natural history (e.g., advertisement call) are poorly known. Here we describe the advertisement call of this treefrog based on calls obtained from two populations.