bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KOMBINASI ARSITEKTUR ISLAM JAWA DAN ARSITEKTUR VERNAKULAR PADA MASJID
Authors: Ershaputri Mariska , Chandra Sasurya
Published: July 2023

Masjid ini merupakan bagian dari kompleks Astana Gunung Jati, Kompleks makam Syekh Syarif Hidayatullah atau Sunan Gunung Jati Beserta Turunannya. Terletak di Desa Astana, Kecamatan Gunung Jati, Kabupaten Cirebon. Masjid ini didirikan tidak lama setelah Astana Gunung Jati dibangun, yaitu sekitar abad ke - 15 ( Tahun 1470 M ). Nama Dog jumeneng berasal dari dog yang memiliki arti ‘ anteng ‘ ( bahasa jawa ) atau ‘tenang’ sedangkan jumeneng berarti ‘ menjadi diri sendiri dengan kesejatian insani‘,sehingga dog jumeneng mengandung makna dalam memperoleh keagungan tertinggi dilakukan oleh diri sendiri dengan jiwa yang tenang danistiqomah. Penelitian ini di lakukan untuk menjawab pertanyaan sejauh mana kombinasi arsitektur islam jawa dan arsitektur vernakular pada masjid dog jumeneng. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode Kualitatif deskriptif. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data dengan melakukan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teori dari Miles dan Huberman yaitu mereduksi data,menyajikan data, dan menyimpulkan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya Kombinasi Arsitektur Islam Jawadan Arsitektur Vernakular pada masjid dog jumeneng ialah terlihat dari bahan kontruksi alami yang di gunakan dan juga dari bentuk atap yang mengerucuk ke satu titik
The role of ferromagnets and antiferromagnets for spintronic memory applications and their impact in data storage
Authors: Ioannou Marinos
Published: July 2023

The manipulation of multifunctional properties associated with ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic materials has a great impact in information technology and digital data storage. A relatively recent field called spintronics is a promising alternative technology to store data more efficiently and to overcome obstacles that conventional electronics face. This article provides a small introduction to spintronic devices used for memory applications such as hard disk drives and MRAM, and details ways by which magnetization inside magnetic layers such as ferromagnets can be flipped. The giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect and its successor in developing memory devices; the tunnelling magnetoresistance (TMR) effect are also discussed since they are key in developing magnetic memory devices.
Common distress and reorganization patterns by sector and country for SMEs in six European countries using PDFR
Authors: Tascón María-Teresa , Laitinen Erkki K , Castaño Francisco J , Castro Paula , Jokipii Annukka
Published: July 2023

This study contributes to identifying common distress patterns in financial indicators by sector and country in Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, and Spain as well as ex-post signals of reorganization success. We use PDFR that provides a distance-to-failure measure and allows us to track the behavior of different features of the firm proxied by accounting ratios. Our results show that indicators of financial structure, followed by working capital, profitability on assets, margin over sales and cash flow to assets, are the most discriminant variables of failed SMEs across all sectors and countries analyzed. By contrast, during reorganization, return on assets and its components are the main initial drivers of recovery, whereas the financial structure factors show a progressive but slow recovery. Boosting and Z-scores are used for robustness.

Este estudio contribuye a la identificación de patrones comunes de fracaso en indicadores financieros por sector y país en Alemania, España, Finlandia, Francia, Italia y Portugal, así como a la identificación de patrones comunes de éxito en la reorganización. Utilizamos PDFR, que proporciona una medida de distancia al fracaso y permite hacer un seguimiento de la evolución de la empresa a través de sus ratios contables. Nuestros resultados muestran que los indicadores de estructura financiera, seguidos de fondo de maniobra, rentabilidad sobre activos, margen sobre ventas y cashflow sobre activos, son las variables más discriminantes de las pymes clasificadas como fracasadas, en todos los sectores y países analizados. En contraste, durante la reorganización, la rentabilidad sobre activos y sus componentes son los principales inductores iniciales de la recuperación, mientras que los indicadores de estructura financiera muestran una progresiva pero lenta recuperación. Se utilizan Boosting y Z-score como medidas de robustez.
Gender diversity in municipal governmental bodies and budgetary solvency
Authors: Cabaleiro Roberto , Buch Enrique
Published: July 2023

Diverse research has analysed the effects of gender in government on public budgetary outcomes using the gender bias approach – gender trait –; however, studies evaluating the gender effects of municipal governments on budgetary solvency using a gender balance approach – gender diversity – are scarce. Our objective was to determine whether gender diversity in Spanish municipal governments affects institutional budgetary solvency, taking into account that the mayor’s gender and the ideology of the government could impede visualizing the effects of diversity because they create heterogeneity. Using both static and dynamic panel data models on a sample of Spanish municipalities with more than 20,000 inhabitants, we found that gender diversity has a positive effect on budgetary solvency when the municipality has a male mayor. However, the effect of gender diversity is negative if the mayor is a woman, which could be explained by the different arguments provided by social identity or social categorization theories.

Diversas investigaciones han analizado los efectos del género en el gobierno sobre los resultados presupuestarios públicos utilizando el enfoque de sesgo de género – rasgo de género –; sin embargo, los estudios que evalúan los efectos del género de los gobiernos municipales sobre la solvencia presupuestaria usando un enfoque de equilibrio de género – diversidad de género – son escasos.
Nuestro objetivo es conocer si la diversidad de género en los gobiernos municipales españoles afecta a la solvencia presupuestaria institucional, teniendo en cuenta que el género del alcalde y la ideología del gobierno podrían impedir visualizar los efectos de la diversidad, porque generan heterogeneidad. Utilizando tanto un modelo estático como uno dinámico de datos de panel en una muestra de municipios españoles de más de 20.000 habitantes, nuestro principal hallazgo es que la diversidad de género tiene un efecto positivo en la solvencia presupuestaria cuando el municipio tiene un alcalde. Sin embargo, el efecto de la diversidad de género tiene un impacto negativo si el gobierno municipal está encabezado por una alcaldesa, lo que podría encontrar su explicación en diferentes argumentos aportados por las teorías de la identidad social o de la categorización social.
”Praktikken er jo der, man kommer tættest på virkeligheden”
Authors: Holm-Pedersen Peder , Böwadt Pia Rose
Published: July 2023

I diskussionerne om læreruddannelsen står forestillingen om en praksisnær uddannelse med mere praktik centralt. Men er praksisnærhed ensbetydende med, at der også udvikles praksisnær viden om undervisning? Artiklen undersøger, i hvilken grad der udvikles praksisnær viden i lærerstuderendes skriftlige praktikopgaver. Ved hjælp af det teoretiske analyseapparat Legitimation Code Theory viser vores analyser, at det sjældent er tilfældet. Vores resultater peger på en række forhold omkring praktikfaget, som modarbejder intentionen om at udvikle praksisnær viden, og at der generelt hersker en uklarhed i læreruddannelsen om, hvad der forstås ved praksisnær lærerviden.
Om Anvendelse af retslige Standarder i Strafferetten.
Authors: Trolle Jørgen
Published: July 2023

Intet resumé
Alkoholistbehandling.
Authors: Teilmann Karl
Published: July 2023

Intet resumé
Dansk, finsk, norsk, svensk kronik
Authors: Waaben Knud , Honkasalo Brynolf , Bratholm Anders , Holmberg Carl
Published: July 2023

Intet resumé
Är finnarnas våldsbrottslighet beroende på att de är halvprimitiva?
Authors: Verkko Veli
Published: July 2023

Intet resumé
Tredje Internationella Kongressen för Socialt Skydd.
Authors: Strahl Ivar
Published: July 2023

Intet resumé
Om parlamentarisk ytringsfrihed og mortifikation
Authors: Hurwitz Stephan
Published: July 2023

Intet resumé
Dansk, norsk, svensk kronik
Authors: Waaben Knud , Bratholm Anders
Published: July 2023

Intet resumé
Litteratur.
Authors: Andrén F. J. B , Hurwitz Stephan , Johnsen Jon
Published: July 2023

Intet resumé
Europeisk samarbeid angående utlevering av forbrytere.
Authors: Hiorthøy Finn
Published: July 2023

Intet resumé
Den grønlandske kriminallov og dens sociologiske baggrund.
Authors: Goldschmidt Verner
Published: July 2023

Intet resumé
FN's 1. verdenskongres om forebyggelse af kriminalitet og behandling af lovovertrædere
Authors: NTfK
Published: July 2023

Intet resumé
Lægers taushetsplikt.
Authors: Leivestad Trygve
Published: July 2023

Intet resumé
Veli Verrko
Authors: Honkasalo Brynolf
Published: July 2023

Intet resumé
Grundtankarna hos rörelsen för socialskydd.
Authors: Ancel Marc
Published: July 2023

Intet resumé
Nogle bemærkninger om mentalobservationer.
Authors: Harbou Niels
Published: July 2023

Intet resumé
Den norske høyesteretts straffutmålingspraksis i drapssaker.
Authors: Parelius Niels
Published: July 2023

Intet resumé
Meddelelser
Authors: Johnsen Jon , A. J. , Hellberg Olle , W. P. , H. S.
Published: July 2023

Intet resumé
Några ord om åtalsprovningsregler såsom lösningar av atypicitetsproblem i svensk strafflagstiftning.
Authors: Lindh Ulf
Published: July 2023

Intet resumé
Norske straffedommer 1954.
Authors: Leivestad Trygve
Published: July 2023

Intet resumé
Meddelelser om fængselsvæsenet i Danmark i 1954
Authors: Tornøe Jørgen
Published: July 2023

Intet resumé
"White collar crime" - realitet eller slagord?
Authors: Smith Jørgen
Published: July 2023

Intet resumé
Norske drapsmenn 1930- 1954.
Authors: Christensen Ragnar
Published: July 2023

Intet resumé
¿Estiman los analistas de forma diferente en períodos de incertidumbre? Un análisis empírico de los precios objetivo de los bancos españoles
Authors: Pascual Roberto
Published: July 2023

Los precios objetivo son una estimación del valor futuro de la cotización de una empresa. Aunque hay un consenso general sobre la importancia de los fundamentales de las empresas a la hora de hacer previsiones, existen también otros determinantes. Este artículo explica los efectos de la incertidumbre, el estrés financiero y la volatilidad sobre las estimaciones del precio objetivo. Para ello, se elaboran varios indicadores para las ocho principales entidades financieras españolas desde 1999 hasta 2020. Estos muestran que, en promedio, los analistas tienen un sesgo optimista en sus valoraciones y tienden a reaccionar con retardo a los movimientos de las acciones. Las diferentes medidas de incertidumbre, estrés financiero y volatilidad afectan a sus estimaciones a) fomentando el sesgo optimista, b) reduciendo la velocidad y c) la voluntad de ajuste a los movimientos del precio de las acciones, y d) haciendo que confíen menos en éstos últimos como indicadores de los fundamentales de los bancos. Estos efectos se ven reforzados por el método de agregación del precio objetivo compuesto (en concreto por el papel de antigüedad de las contribuciones individuales). Ambos factores actúan en tándem: cuanto más incierto sea el entorno económico y financiero, menos probable será que los precios objetivos agregados se muevan en función de las cotizaciones bursátiles, ya que las contribuciones individuales más antiguas ralentizarán el proceso de ajuste. Un simple cambio en el método de agregación reduce su impacto en los indicadores, sin alterar sustancialmente sus conclusiones.
Gri Sistem Teorisi ve Enerji Tüketim Modellemesinde Bir Uygulama
Authors: MAVİGÖZ Esra , DEMİR ATALAY Sevcan
Published: July 2023

Bu çalışmada GVMCT ile ifade edilen ve gri Verhulst modeline sabit terimin eklenmesi ile oluşturulan model üzerine çalışılmıştır. Bu modele ilişkin diferansiyel denklem çözülerek gri tahmin denklemi elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen tahmin denkleminin performansının değerlendirilmesi amacıyla enerji alanında bir uygulama çalışması yapılmıştır. Konut Sektörünün Tükettiği Toplam Enerji (TERS) ve Ticari Sektörün Tükettiği Toplam Enerji (TECS) değişkenlerine ilişkin veri setleri incelenmiştir. Veri setinin uygun olması nedeniyle ilgili değişkenler için hem zaman serileri analizi kullanılarak hem de gri modelleme (GM (1,1) modeli, Gri Verhulst Modeli ve GVMCT modeli) kullanılarak çeşitli tahmin denklemleri oluşturulmuştur. Elde edilen tahmin denklemlerinin performansı MSE, MAE ve RMSE performans ölçülerine göre kıyaslanmıştır. ├ ( x) ̂^((1) ) (k)┤|_(k=1)=x^((1) ) (1) başlangıç koşulu altında, TERS değişkeni için RMSE, MAE, MSE değerleri sırasıyla 711201.26, 721.37, 843.33, TECS değişkeni için RMSE, MAE, MSE değerleri sırasıyla 266685.55, 437.69, 516.42 elde edilmiştir. İki değişken içinde diğer modellerin performans kriterleri değerlerine göre daha küçük olması dolayısıyla önerilen GVMCT modelinin performansının daha iyi olduğu görülmektedir. Elde edilen tahmin denklemleri kullanılarak iki dönem için öngörü yapılmış ve gerçek değerler ile kıyaslanmıştır.
QGIS ile Hidrolojik Model Oluşturma ve Meteorolojik Verilerin Zaman Periyotlarına Göre Değişimi: Kahramanmaraş Örneği
Authors: ERCAN Burcu , UNSAL Mehmet
Published: July 2023

Öz
İklim değişikliği Türkiye ve dünyada önemli çevre konuları içinde yer almaktadır. Tüm dünyayı tehdit eden iklim değişikliğini belirlemeye yardımcı en önemli parametreler taşkın ve kuraklıktır. Kuraklığın ortaya çıkmasında sıcakların artması, yağışların azalması ya da ani ve şiddetli yağışlar etkili olmaktadır. Su baskını ve taşkınlara neden olan fiziki faktörler; yer şekilleri, iklim bitki örtüsü ve beşeri faktör ise nüfus artışıdır. Hızla büyüyen şehirleşme ya da yanlış kullanılan tarım arazilerinin etkisiyle, özellikle eğimli bölgelerde toprağın geçirimliliğinin azalması ile yüzey akışına geçen su miktarı artmaktadır. Bu özelliklerdeki bölgelerde risk daha fazla olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada eğimin fazla olduğu Ahir dağı eteklerinde yer alan Kahramanmaras ilinin meteorolojik verileri incelenmiştir. Açık kaynak kodlu CBS (Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri) programı olan QGIS (Quantum Geographical Information System); kullanıcılar tarafından mekansal analiz yapabilme, grafik haritaları oluşturma, bu verileri düzenleyebilme imkanları tanımaktadır. QGIS ‘te Kahramanmaraş ilinin sınırları belirlenip, nehir ağı ve havza sınırları çiziminin nasıl yapıldığı anlatılmıştır. Daha sonra Kahramanmaras ilinin 1970-2019 yılları arasına ait sıcaklık ve maksimum yağış değerlerinin 10 yıllık periyotlar halinde zamana bağlı değişimi harita üzerinde “The Inverse Distance to a Power” yöntemi kullanılarak görselleştirilmiştir. Kahramanmaraş iline ait sıcaklık ve maksimum yağış değerlerinin zamana bağla değişimi değerlendirilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Havza sınırı, Inverse Distance to a Power, Kahramanmaraş, TREx, QGIS.
Otomatik Depolama Vincinin Titreşiminin İleri Besleme Kuvveti ile Kontrolü ve Endüstriyel Alanda Uygulanması
Authors: KUSEYRİ İ. Sina
Published: July 2023

Yapılan çalışmada depolama sistemlerinde kullanılan otomatik depolama vincinin titreşiminin kontrol edilmesi ve bu sayede ürün alma bırakma zamanının azaltılması için sisteme girilen sinyalin ileri besleme kontrolü ile uygulanması incelenmiştir. Kontrol edilmesi amaçlanan otomatik depolama vinci için yapının indirgenmiş bir modeli belirlenmiş ve buna uygun bir matematik model ortaya koyulmuştur. Kontrol edilecek sistem tek eksende çalışmakta ve bu ekseni tek bir motor kontrol etmektedir. Sistemin aldığı komuta göre takip edeceği trapezoid biçimdeki yörünge planlaması tasarlanan bir algoritma ile belirlenmiştir. Algoritmaya girilen konum, hız, ivme ve jerk değerleriyle ve algoritmadan jerk türevi çıktısı alınmıştır. Sisteme giren jerk türevi komutu, asenkron motora tork komutu olarak girilmiş ve diğer hatalar PID geri-beslemeli kontrol ile azaltılmıştır. Sistemin Simulink ortamında modeli hazırlanmış, örnek bir 10 metrelik komut ile sistem simülasyonu yapılmıştır.
Poliglisidol Esaslı Çok Dallanmış Üretan Metakrilat/POSS/Gümüş Nanopartikül İçeren Nanokompozitlerin Hazırlanması ve Karakterizasyonu
Authors: BAYRAMOĞLU Gülay
Published: July 2023

Bu çalışmada çok dallanmış poliglisidol oligomeri (PG) ve poliglisidol esaslı çok dallanmış üretan metakrilat (PGUM) oligomeri glisidol ve 2-izosiyanatoetil metakrilat (IEM) kullanılarak sentezlenmiştir. Oligomerlerin yapıları FT-IR ile aydınlatılmıştır. Daha sonra PGUM, Metakril-POSS, fotobaşlatıcı (Irg-184), çapraz bağlayıcı olarak trimetilolpropan triakrilat (TMPA) ve AgNO3 karıştırılarak hibrit nanokompozit film hazırlanmıştır. Hibrit nanokompozit filmlerin mekanik ve termal özelliklerinin yanısıra kaplama performansları incelenmiştir. Metakrilik grupların çapraz bağlanması, gümüş iyonlarının kararlı nanopartiküllere (AgNP) indirgenmesi ve AgNP'lerin nanokompozitlere dahil edilmesi için UV ışığı kullanılmıştır. AgNP'lerin oluşumu TEM analizi ile doğrulanmıştır. Hibrit nanokompozit filmlerin Gram-pozitif ve Gram-negatif bakterilere karşı antibakteriyel aktiviteside ayrıca gözlenmiştir.
Türkiye Madencilik Sektörü İş Kazalarının Analizi ve Gelecek Perspektifleri
Authors: SEKMEN Mustafa , ZENGİN Mehmet Ali
Published: July 2023

Madencilik sektörü dünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizde de iş kazası oranlarının en yüksek olduğu sektörlerden birisidir. Bu çalışmada, madencilik sektörü içerisinde yer alan ve ekonomik faaliyetlerin tehlike sınıflarını gösteren NACE koduna göre 5 farklı alt sektördeki kaza verileri incelenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda 2011 - 2021 yılları arasındaki veriler kullanılarak kaza olabilirlik oranı, kaza ağırlık hızı, kaza sıklık hızı parametreleri hesaplanmıştır. Hesaplanan parametreler ile Türkiye geneli sektörler, madencilik sektörü, madencilik sektörü dışında kalan sektörlerin karşılaştırılması yapılmıştır. Bununla birlikte incelenen 10 yıllık veriler kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen trend analiz ile 2022-2026 yılları arasındaki kaza sayıları tahmin edilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen analizler sonucunda madencilik sektöründe özellikle kaza sıklık hızı ve kaza olabilirlik oranlarının diğer sektörlerden ve Türkiye geneli ortalamasından çok yüksek olduğu ve yıllar geçtikçe de giderek arttığı belirlenmiştir. Genel olarak madencilik sektörü çalışanlarının Türkiye genelinde diğer sektör çalışanlarına göre kaza geçirme ihtimalinin 6, kaza sonucu ölüm ihtimalinin ise 7 kat daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Madencilik faaliyetleri içerisinde kaza sıklığının en yüksek olduğu faaliyet kolunun ise Kömür ve Linyit çıkartılması alt sektörü olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Mediaciones entre endeudamiento y consumo: construcción de consumidores financieros y domesticación del crédito en Chile
Authors: Marambio-Tapia Alejandro
Published: July 2023

Chile’s specific form of capitalism has given rise to a class of financial consumers who navigate a consumer society with low incomes but easy access to credit. As a result, being in debt has become a common expectation in Chilean society. In this study, we conducted 46 in-depth interviews with indebted financial consumers to examine the practices, materialities, and moral and social evaluations surrounding credit and debt. We explored how these concepts are reinterpreted and domesticated in a context where indebtedness is deeply entrenched. Through our analysis, we identified three interrelated processes: (1) moral operations that allow for the separation of credit from debt; (2) the redefinition of prices, values, and materialities through various credit practices used by financial consumers to survive in a precarious consumer society; and (3) the subjective evaluation and categorization of debt levels, which subverts conventional quantifications and categorizations of debt. Our findings demonstrate how financial consumers can unmoralize indebtedness and redefine credit, providing opportunities for counter-agency, collectivization, and politicization of indebted subjects. This article contributes to the discussion on the meaning of debt, provides insight into the financialization of everyday life, and offers a perspective on installation and participation in a consumer society from the viewpoint of subordinated subjects in the Global South.
Perspectivas profesionales sobre la intervención psicosocial en Chile. Una revisión sistemática de estudios cualitativos
Authors: Campillay-Araya Miguel Ángel , Di Masso Tarditti Andrés , Muñoz-Arce Gianinna
Published: July 2023

The adoption of the neoliberal model and the implementation of the new public management approach in Chile, have led to the implementation of social policies that prioritize quantifiable efficiency and adherence to administrative standards over effective solutions to social problems. This has had a negative impact on the experiences of professionals working in the field of psychosocial intervention, and on the quality of their interventions. However, the perspectives of these professionals play a crucial role in shaping how they implement their interventions and ultimately determine the perceived effectiveness of social policies. The article pursues two main objectives: firstly, to identify subjective aspects of professionals involved in various psychosocial intervention experiences, and secondly, to explore their connection to the neoliberal nature of Chilean social policies. To this end, a systematic review was conducted, focusing on the perspectives of professionals on Chilean social policies, their work as interveners, and the users they work with. The study followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, and a total of 4,799 articles were identified in five databases (Psycinfo, Scopus, Sociological Abstracts, and Web of Science), out of which 26 met the eligibility criteria. The information was analyzed using a thematic synthesis, and the results were organized into five analytical themes: counterproductive framework, internal obstacles, users at fault, threatening tensions, and coping responses. The study concludes that an intervening rationality aligned with negative working conditions and intervention problems underlies these themes. Responses to this rationality are politically ambivalent, as they can either reinforce neoliberal logics or represent transformative lines for radical disruption in psychosocial intervention practices.
Spontaneous body wall contractions stabilize the fluid microenvironment that shapes host–microbe associations
Authors: Nawroth Janna C , Giez Christoph , Klimovich Alexander , Kanso Eva , Bosch Thomas CG
Published: July 2023

The freshwater polyp Hydra is a popular biological model system; however, we still do not understand one of its most salient behaviors, the generation of spontaneous body wall contractions. Here, by applying experimental fluid dynamics analysis and mathematical modeling, we provide functional evidence that spontaneous contractions of body walls enhance the transport of chemical compounds from and to the tissue surface where symbiotic bacteria reside. Experimentally, a reduction in the frequency of spontaneous body wall contractions is associated with a changed composition of the colonizing microbiota. Together, our findings suggest that spontaneous body wall contractions create an important fluid transport mechanism that (1) may shape and stabilize specific host–microbe associations and (2) create fluid microhabitats that may modulate the spatial distribution of the colonizing microbes. This mechanism may be more broadly applicable to animal–microbe interactions since research has shown that rhythmic spontaneous contractions in the gastrointestinal tracts are essential for maintaining normal microbiota.
Prefrontal cortex state representations shape human credit assignment
Authors: Lamba Amrita , Nassar Matthew R , FeldmanHall Oriel
Published: July 2023

People learn adaptively from feedback, but the rate of such learning differs drastically across individuals and contexts. Here, we examine whether this variability reflects differences in what is learned. Leveraging a neurocomputational approach that merges fMRI and an iterative reward learning task, we link the specificity of credit assignment—how well people are able to appropriately attribute outcomes to their causes—to the precision of neural codes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Participants credit task-relevant cues more precisely in social compared vto nonsocial contexts, a process that is mediated by high-fidelity (i.e., distinct and consistent) state representations in the PFC. Specifically, the medial PFC and orbitofrontal cortex work in concert to match the neural codes from feedback to those at choice, and the strength of these common neural codes predicts credit assignment precision. Together this work provides a window into how neural representations drive adaptive learning.
LGG-1/GABARAP lipidation is not required for autophagy and development in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Leboutet Romane , Largeau Céline , Müller Leonie , Prigent Magali , Quinet Grégoire , Rodriguez Manuel S , Cuif Marie-Hélène , Hoppe Thorsten , Culetto Emmanuel , Lefebvre Christophe , Legouis Renaud
Published: July 2023

The ubiquitin-like proteins Atg8/LC3/GABARAP are required for multiple steps of autophagy, such as initiation, cargo recognition and engulfment, vesicle closure and degradation. Most of LC3/GABARAP functions are considered dependent on their post-translational modifications and their association with the autophagosome membrane through a conjugation to a lipid, the phosphatidyl-ethanolamine. Contrarily to mammals, C. elegans possesses single homologs of LC3 and GABARAP families, named LGG-2 and LGG-1. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we inhibited the conjugation of LGG-1 to the autophagosome membrane and generated mutants that express only cytosolic forms, either the precursor or the cleaved protein. LGG-1 is an essential gene for autophagy and development in C. elegans, but we discovered that its functions could be fully achieved independently of its localization to the membrane. This study reveals an essential role for the cleaved form of LGG-1 in autophagy but also in an autophagy-independent embryonic function. Our data question the use of lipidated GABARAP/LC3 as the main marker of autophagic flux and highlight the high plasticity of autophagy.
Sterol derivative binding to the orthosteric site causes conformational changes in an invertebrate Cys-loop receptor
Authors: De Gieter Steven , Gallagher Casey I , Wijckmans Eveline , Pasini Diletta , Ulens Chris , Efremov Rouslan G
Published: July 2023

Cys-loop receptors or pentameric ligand-gated ion channels are mediators of electrochemical signaling throughout the animal kingdom. Because of their critical function in neurotransmission and high potential as drug targets, Cys-loop receptors from humans and closely related organisms have been thoroughly investigated, whereas molecular mechanisms of neurotransmission in invertebrates are less understood. When compared with vertebrates, the invertebrate genomes underwent a drastic expansion in the number of the nACh-like genes associated with receptors of unknown function. Understanding this diversity contributes to better insight into the evolution and possible functional divergence of these receptors. In this work, we studied orphan receptor Alpo4 from an extreme thermophile worm Alvinella pompejana. Sequence analysis points towards its remote relation to characterized nACh receptors. We solved the cryo-EM structure of the lophotrochozoan nACh-like receptor in which a CHAPS molecule is tightly bound to the orthosteric site. We show that the binding of CHAPS leads to extending of the loop C at the orthosteric site and a quaternary twist between extracellular and transmembrane domains. Both the ligand binding site and the channel pore reveal unique features. These include a conserved Trp residue in loop B of the ligand binding site which is flipped into an apparent self-liganded state in the apo structure. The ion pore of Alpo4 is tightly constricted by a ring of methionines near the extracellular entryway of the channel pore. Our data provide a structural basis for a functional understanding of Alpo4 and hints towards new strategies for designing specific channel modulators.
Agonist efficiency links binding and gating in a nicotinic receptor
Authors: Indurthi Dinesh C , Auerbach Anthony
Published: July 2023

Receptors signal by switching between resting (C) and active (O) shapes (‘gating’) under the influence of agonists. The receptor’s maximum response depends on the difference in agonist binding energy, O minus C. In nicotinic receptors, efficiency (η) represents the fraction of agonist binding energy applied to a local rearrangement (an induced fit) that initiates gating. In this receptor, free energy changes in gating and binding can be interchanged by the conversion factor η. Efficiencies estimated from concentration-response curves (23 agonists, 53 mutations) sort into five discrete classes (%): 0.56 (17), 0.51(32), 0.45(13), 0.41(26), and 0.31(12), implying that there are 5 C versus O binding site structural pairs. Within each class efficacy and affinity are corelated linearly, but multiple classes hide this relationship. η unites agonist binding with receptor gating and calibrates one link in a chain of coupled domain rearrangements that comprises the allosteric transition of the protein.
Imputation of 3D genome structure by genetic–epigenetic interaction modeling in mice
Authors: Kuffler Lauren , Skelly Daniel A , Czechanski Anne , Fortin Haley J , Munger Steven C , Baker Christopher L , Reinholdt Laura G , Carter Gregory W
Published: July 2023

Gene expression is known to be affected by interactions between local genetic variation and DNA accessibility, with the latter organized into three-dimensional chromatin structures. Analyses of these interactions have previously been limited, obscuring their regulatory context, and the extent to which they occur throughout the genome. Here, we undertake a genome-scale analysis of these interactions in a genetically diverse population to systematically identify global genetic–epigenetic interaction, and reveal constraints imposed by chromatin structure. We establish the extent and structure of genotype-by-epigenotype interaction using embryonic stem cells derived from Diversity Outbred mice. This mouse population segregates millions of variants from eight inbred founders, enabling precision genetic mapping with extensive genotypic and phenotypic diversity. With 176 samples profiled for genotype, gene expression, and open chromatin, we used regression modeling to infer genetic–epigenetic interactions on a genome-wide scale. Our results demonstrate that statistical interactions between genetic variants and chromatin accessibility are common throughout the genome. We found that these interactions occur within the local area of the affected gene, and that this locality corresponds to topologically associated domains (TADs). The likelihood of interaction was most strongly defined by the three-dimensional (3D) domain structure rather than linear DNA sequence. We show that stable 3D genome structure is an effective tool to guide searches for regulatory elements and, conversely, that regulatory elements in genetically diverse populations provide a means to infer 3D genome structure. We confirmed this finding with CTCF ChIP-seq that revealed strain-specific binding in the inbred founder mice. In stem cells, open chromatin participating in the most significant regression models demonstrated an enrichment for developmental genes and the TAD-forming CTCF-binding complex, providing an opportunity for statistical inference of shifting TAD boundaries operating during early development. These findings provide evidence that genetic and epigenetic factors operate within the context of 3D chromatin structure.
Sleep regularity and mortality: a prospective analysis in the UK Biobank
Authors: Cribb Lachlan , Sha Ramon , Yiallourou Stephanie , Grima Natalie A , Cavuoto Marina , Baril Andree-Ann , Pase Matthew P
Published: July 2023

Background:

Irregular sleep-wake timing may cause circadian disruption leading to several chronic age-related diseases. We examined the relationship between sleep regularity and risk of all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality in 88,975 participants from the prospective UK Biobank cohort.

Methods:

The sleep regularity index (SRI) was calculated as the probability of an individual being in the same state (asleep or awake) at any two time points 24 hr apart, averaged over 7 days of accelerometry (range 0–100, with 100 being perfectly regular). The SRI was related to the risk of mortality in time-to-event models.

Results:

The mean sample age was 62 years (standard deviation [SD], 8), 56% were women, and the median SRI was 60 (SD, 10). There were 3010 deaths during a mean follow-up of 7.1 years. Following adjustments for demographic and clinical variables, we identified a non-linear relationship between the SRI and all-cause mortality hazard (p [global test of spline term]<0.001). Hazard ratios, relative to the median SRI, were 1.53 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.41, 1.66) for participants with SRI at the 5th percentile (SRI = 41) and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.81, 1.00) for those with SRI at the 95th percentile (SRI = 75), respectively. Findings for CVD mortality and cancer mortality followed a similar pattern.

Conclusions:

Irregular sleep-wake patterns are associated with higher mortality risk.

Funding:

National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (GTN2009264; GTN1158384), National Institute on Aging (AG062531), Alzheimer’s Association (2018-AARG-591358), and the Banting Fellowship Program (#454104).
Repeatability of adaptation in sunflowers reveals that genomic regions harbouring inversions also drive adaptation in species lacking an inversion
Authors: Soudi Shaghayegh , Jahani Mojtaba , Todesco Marco , Owens Gregory L , Bercovich Natalia , Rieseberg Loren H , Yeaman Sam
Published: July 2023

Local adaptation commonly involves alleles of large effect, which experience fitness advantages when in positive linkage disequilibrium (LD). Because segregating inversions suppress recombination and facilitate the maintenance of LD between locally adapted loci, they are also commonly found to be associated with adaptive divergence. However, it is unclear what fraction of an adaptive response can be attributed to inversions and alleles of large effect, and whether the loci within an inversion could still drive adaptation in the absence of its recombination-suppressing effect. Here, we use genome-wide association studies to explore patterns of local adaptation in three species of sunflower: Helianthus annuus, Helianthus argophyllus, and Helianthus petiolaris, which each harbour a large number of species-specific inversions. We find evidence of significant genome-wide repeatability in signatures of association to phenotypes and environments, which are particularly enriched within regions of the genome harbouring an inversion in one species. This shows that while inversions may facilitate local adaptation, at least some of the loci can still harbour mutations that make substantial contributions without the benefit of recombination suppression in species lacking a segregating inversion. While a large number of genomic regions show evidence of repeated adaptation, most of the strongest signatures of association still tend to be species-specific, indicating substantial genotypic redundancy for local adaptation in these species.
Imidacloprid disrupts larval molting regulation and nutrient energy metabolism, causing developmental delay in honey bee Apis mellifera
Authors: Li Zhi , Wang Yuedi , Qin Qiqian , Chen Lanchun , Dang Xiaoqun , Ma Zhengang , Zhou Zeyang
Published: July 2023

Imidacloprid is a global health threat that severely poisons the economically and ecologically important honeybee pollinator, Apis mellifera. However, its effects on developing bee larvae remain largely unexplored. Our pilot study showed that imidacloprid causes developmental delay in bee larvae, but the underlying toxicological mechanisms remain incompletely understood. In this study, we exposed bee larvae to imidacloprid at environmentally relevant concentrations of 0.7, 1.2, 3.1, and 377 ppb. There was a marked dose-dependent delay in larval development, characterized by reductions in body mass, width, and growth index. However, imidacloprid did not affect on larval survival and food consumption. The primary toxicological effects induced by elevated concentrations of imidacloprid (377 ppb) included inhibition of neural transmission gene expression, induction of oxidative stress, gut structural damage, and apoptosis, inhibition of developmental regulatory hormones and genes, suppression of gene expression levels involved in proteolysis, amino acid transport, protein synthesis, carbohydrate catabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and glycolysis energy production. In addition, we found that the larvae may use antioxidant defenses and P450 detoxification mechanisms to mitigate the effects of imidacloprid. Ultimately, this study provides the first evidence that environmentally exposed imidacloprid can affect the growth and development of bee larvae by disrupting molting regulation and limiting the metabolism and utilization of dietary nutrients and energy. These findings have broader implications for studies assessing pesticide hazards in other juvenile animals.
Subtitling Arabic humour into English
Authors: Al-Jabri Hanan , Alhasan Ghadeer , Ali Sukayna
Published: July 2023

This article examines how humour in Arabic stand-up comedies is translated into English in an audio-visual context. The study uses a case study of Arabic stand-up comedies streamed on Netflix, including Live from Beirut by Adel Karam and Comedians of the World/ Middle East. The shows which are subtitled into English involve a variety of Arab comedians speaking different dialects, including the Levant dialect (Lebanese, Jordanian, and Palestinian) and Gulf dialects, particularly the Saudi dialect. While several studies were conducted to examine the translation of English humour into Arabic, very few explore the translation of Arabic humour into English, especially in the realm of audio-visual translation. Arabic and English are two different languages reflecting different norms and cultures and, therefore, many linguistic and cultural challenges are expected to arise in the process of translation between them. The study draws on Pederson’s (2005) strategies for translating cultural references and Díaz-Pérez’s (2013) strategies for translating wordplay and puns. The study identifies two types of humour used in the Arabic stand-up comedies, namely language-restricted jokes (wordplay, puns, language variation, and taboo language) and culture-restricted jokes which require knowledge about the concept or character being referred to. Several translation strategies were used by Netflix subtitlers to render these types of jokes into English, including paraphrasing, generalizing, specification, substitution, and omission.
What did the Portuguese laugh at 200 years ago?
Authors: Ferreira João Pedro Rosa
Published: July 2023

This article aims to identify the existence of a laughter community in Portugal in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Based on research into the beginnings of humour in periodicals published in Portugal, a corpus consisting of newspapers published between 1797 and 1835 was analysed, from the first in which humour was used systematically as a resource (Almocreve de Petas) until the establishment of the Constitutional Monarchy. With the concept of laughter community in mind, evidence was sought that it was present in the period that covers the political, social and economic transition from the Ancien Régime to modern society, having as main players writers, editors, printers, readers and listeners, in a process of production, reception, circulation and appropriation of ideas and meanings. This process, which developed in the public sphere, also played a part in forming incipient public opinion. To detect evidence of this community, clichés, jocular expressions and comic stories conveyed by the periodicals were identified. Very often they were found to have kept the same meaning they had at the time, while some expressions have survived with slight changes, and others simply no longer make people laugh.
Parque Meteorológico Altoandino: catalizador de experiencias atmosféricas en una planta geotérmica en el río Juncalito
Authors: Bianchini Constanza
Published: July 2023

No present resumen.
río Rahue: el espesor olvidado de la ciudad
Authors: Bravo Camila
Published: July 2023

No presenta resumen.
Un huerto obrero: el patio productivo como la materialización de un paisaje rural en el Santiago del siglo xx
Authors: Mora Maribel
Published: July 2023

No presenta resumen.
Relatos simbólicos: el patrimonio de los cementerios simbólicos de pescadores artesanales del Bío-Bío
Authors: Martorell Camila
Published: July 2023

No presenta resumen.
Wild leucistic Risso’s dolphins (Grampus griseus) in the Azores
Authors: Gomes-Pereira José Nuno , Vieira Sara Sofia , Dionísio Gisela
Published: July 2023

Leucism has been reported in at least 14 cetacean species, including Risso’s dolphin (Grampus griseus). Risso’s dolphins with abnormal pigmentation were sighted and photographed north of Faial Island, Azores Archipelago, in 6 separate events between 2020 and 2023. In 2020, a calf and a juvenile/subadult were observed within a group of over 100 individuals. A leucistic calf with pale skin and dark eyes was observed in 2021, 2022, and 2023 in the same area followed by the same adult within a pod of about 12 individuals, including 3 juveniles, all with normal coloration. This is the first report of wild leucistic Risso’s dolphins in the Atlantic, which could be of interest in future local population and hypopigmentation studies on a dolphin species known to become completely white with age.
Entrepreneurship Ecosystem: An Appraisal of Oman Using the Ease of Doing Business Index
Authors: Bhandari Vibha , Mohite Vikram
Published: July 2023

Today, promoting and nurturing entrepreneurship is a core component of economic development in countries around the world. Fostering entrepreneurship as an economic development strategy necessitates a suitable ecosystem termed an “entrepreneurship ecosystem”. Isenberg developed a model of the entrepreneurship ecosystem in 2011 that contains six domains: a conducive culture, enabling policies and leadership, availability of appropriate finance, quality human capital, venture-friendly markets for products, and a range of institutional and infrastructural supports. These six domains are composed of fifty specific sub-components. This study in its current form shall assess the regulatory and institutional framework aspect of the entrepreneurship ecosystem in the Sultanate of Oman. This assessment is done from 2012 to 2019 using the Ease of Doing Business Index published by the World Bank. It is discovered that the overall Doing Business score for Oman increased to 67.19 in 2019 from 66.79 in 2012. The study reveals that Oman has made significant progress in connection to starting a business while getting credit is still an area of concern and needs urgent intervention. This exercise helped to know the change in ease of doing business in Oman for the years under consideration and thus assessed the changes in regulatory and institutional framework aspects of the entrepreneurship ecosystem in the country.
Histo-Architectural and Testicular Weight Changes in Wistar Rats Fed with Graded Doses of Piliostigma thonningii (Schumach)
Authors: Cynthia Nwaokoro Isioma , Chris-Ozoko Lilian Ebele , Odokuma Emmanuel Igho
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Piliostigma thonningii is an under explored leguminous plant that belong to the family, Leguminosa – caealpiniodae. The objective of this study therefore was to investigate the effect(s) of its ethanolic leaf extract on male testicular weight and histo-architecture.

Material and Methods: Forty (40) male Wistar rats of an average of 160-200 g weight were used for the experiment. They were randomly divided into four (4) groups of ten (10) rats each. The groups were represented as: group 1 served as control, while groups 2, 3 and 4 were treated with 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg and 1200 mg/kg of the extract for 14 days respectively. At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed, testes harvested, weighed and checked for histological changes in seminiferous tubules, epididymis and vas deference. Where necessary, obtained values were subjected to One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and a level of p < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results: Results showed that ethanolic leaf extract of P. thonningii caused a significant (p<0.05) decrease in testicular weight following 14days of administration. Histomicrograph showed that 500mg/Kg Piliostigma thonningii for 14 Days caused vascular dilatation and congestion within the lining of the seminiferous tubules, 1000 mg/kg P. thonningii for 14 days caused less deteriorating effects on the histo-architecture of the rats’ testes as the seminiferous tubules appeared normal; even though there was mild hyperplasia of the interstitial cells of Leydig. 1200 mg/kg Piliostigma thonningii caused vascular dilatation and active congestion in the seminiferous tubules with moderate hyperplasia of the interstitial cells of Leydig. Histological features of the testes showed the presence of marked vascular dilatation, active congestion and mild hyperplasia of interstitial cells of Leydig in the testes of rats treated with 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg P. thonningii. Thus, this study has shown that 14 days treatment of 500 mg/kg Piliostigma thonningii caused active interstitial congestion, 1000 mg/kg with plump fibroblast in the epididymis.
Implementation of a Neural Network Approach for Predicting Sales Profit
Authors: Kurniawan Dedy , Sanjaya M. Rudi , Ruskan Endang Lestari
Published: July 2023

The term "artificial neural network" (ANN) refers, in the majority of cases, to a piece of computing hardware that is impacted by the process, function, and cognitive growth that are comparable to that of a human brain. It does this by simulating the way neurons in the human brain carry out their functions. It is able to solve complicated and dynamic issues in real time with some realistic probability constraints because it understands, observes, and recognises the patterns in the data. This paper implements the Microsoft neural network in Microsoft SQL Server Management using visual studio on a dataset that is accessible to the public in order to demonstrate the efficacy of neural networks in transforming raw data into an in-depth understanding of the trends in a dataset that is difficult to visualise. The dataset was chosen because it is readily available to the public. In addition to that, the error margin or standard deviation in the value prediction of the method that was carried out on the database is shown in this work. The selected dataset contains a significant volume of bike sale records from throughout Europe. As a result, it may be categorised as "big data," which cannot be resolved by utilising a standard paper record method or a typical data mining algorithm that is incapable of learning. Additionally, optimizers and modifiers that have an influence on the prediction value that is processed by the SQL database are investigated in this study. Traditional techniques of data analysis, on the other hand, are unable to correctly access or interpret data that is both so complicated and so dynamic as to be able to deliver quality forecasting. Neural networks, on the other hand, are able to resolve the information contained in big data into valuable knowledge in the form of predictions.