bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Middle Turbinate Suture Conchopexy during Endoscopic Sinus Surgery Does Not Impair Olfaction
Authors: Dutton Jay M. , Hinton Mark J.
Published: March 2011

Background

One of the primary goals of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is to create widely patent paranasal sinus ostia, and lateralization of a middle turbinate (MT) after ESS can obstruct otherwise patent ethmoid and maxillary sinuses. Numerous methods have been used to assist in the avoidance of this complication including the use of packing in the ethmoid sinus as a “spacer,” controlled creation of synechia between the MT and septum, and suture medialization of the MT to the septum. The latter is an effective technique, but because the olfactory groove lies superior in the groove between the MT and septum, concerns have been raised as to the effect of this maneuver on olfaction. The aim of this pilot study was to objectively evaluate olfaction before and after suture conchopexy, and, secondarily, to evaluate the effectiveness of this technique in preventing lateralization of the MT. This study was designed to assess the effect of suture medialization of the MT during ESS on olfactory sensation.

Methods

Objective assessment of olfactory function using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) was performed before and 6 months after ESS in 153 patients between January 2006 and January 2008. Postoperative follow-up exams were also performed to determine the effectiveness of the medialization procedure and the patency of the ethmoid cavities.

Results

UPSIT testing showed a small but statistically significant improvement in olfactory function after MT suture medialization to the septum when compared with preoperative assessment. Postoperative endoscopic examination revealed that lateralization of the MT was a rare complication after suture medialization of the MT.

Conclusion

MT suture medialization during ESS is an effective method for preventing lateralization of the MT and does not impair olfactory function.
Heparin Inhibits Mucus Hypersecretion in Airway Epithelial Cells
Authors: Ogawa Takao , Shimizu Shino , Tojima Ichiro , Kouzaki Hideaki , Shimizu Takeshi
Published: March 2011

Background

Heparin is one of the most important anticoagulant drugs. It has been known that heparin also possesses anti-inflammatory activities. Mucus hypersecretion is an important characteristic of airway inflammation. However, little is known about the regulatory effects of heparin on mucus hypersecretion in airway epithelial cells. To elucidate the anti-inflammatory function of heparin in airway epithelial cells, we examined the in vivo effects of heparin on mucus hypersecretion and neutrophil infiltration in rat nasal epithelium. We also examined the in vitro effects of heparin on mucin production and IL-8 secretion from cultured human airway epithelial cells.

Methods

We induced hypertrophic and metaplastic changes of goblet cells in rat nasal epithelium by intranasal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) instillation. The effects of intranasal instillation with heparin on mucus production and neutrophil infiltration were examined. In vitro effects of heparin on airway epithelial cells were examined using cultured NCI-H292 cells. Mucus secretion was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using an anti-MUC5AC monoclonal antibody.

Results

Intranasal instillation with unfractionated heparin (UFH; 100 IU/0.1 mL) or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH; 100 IU/0.1 mL) at 30 minutes before LPS instillation significantly inhibited LPS-induced mucus production and neutrophil infiltration in rat nasal epithelium. UFH or LMWH inhibited tumor necrosis factor alpha (10 ng/mL)–induced secretion of MUC5AC and IL-8 from NCI-H292 cells in a dose-dependent manner (0.01–10 IU/mL). MUC5AC mRNA expression was also significantly inhibited.

Conclusion

These results indicate that heparin inhibits airway mucus hypersecretion in airway epithelial cells directly and indirectly through the suppression of IL-8 secretion and neutrophil infiltration.
Radiographic Distribution of Drops and Sprays within the Sinonasal Cavities
Authors: Rudman Kelli L. , O'Brien Erin K. , Leopold Donald A.
Published: March 2011

Background

Topical nasal sprays are commonly prescribed for sinonasal disease. Nasal drops applied in a head-down position are described alternatively to sprays. Multiple research methods have investigated the deposition pattern of intranasal medications, each with limitations. This pilot study analyzed the use of a conebeam computed tomography (CBCT) scanner to study deposition patterns of intranasal sprays and drops using radiopaque contrast solution.

Methods

Nine volunteers participated in this two-trial study. In trial 1, participants instilled 3 sprays of contrast into each nostril. After 3 minutes a CBCT scan was performed. In trial 2, 3 drops of contrast were instilled into the participants’ nostrils in the “vertex-to-floor” position. Again, after 3 minutes a CBCT scan was performed. Two otolaryngologists and a neuroradiologist reviewed the images and scored 21 sites within the sinonasal cavity for the presence of contrast.

Results

Contrast was detected in the nasal vestibule and inferior nasal vault in nearly every trial with the spray and drops. Nasal spray was more diffusely distributed within the nasal cavity and was detected at a greater proportion on the floor of the nose, inferior meatus, anterior inferior nasal cavity, and nasopharynx. Neither spray nor drops were consistently detected in spaces superior to the middle turbinate.

Conclusion

Radiopaque contrast delivered by nasal spray and drops were detected by the CBCT scanner, with a significant difference at one subsite. Neither spray nor drops were detected in superior nasal spaces. The CBCT scan provides an alternative to conventional CT scans in future studies using this technique.
Correlation Analysis of two Serum-specific Immunoglobulin E Test Systems and Skin-Prick Test in Allergic Rhinitis Patients from Northeast China
Authors: Jiang Xiao-Dan , Li Guang-Yu , Dong Zhen , Zhu Dong-Dong
Published: March 2011

Background

Skin-prick testing (SPT) is the most common screening method for allergy evaluation. The detection of serum-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) is also commonly used. The sensitivity and specificity of these testing methods may vary due to type of causative allergen and type of allergic manifestation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between two methods of measuring sIgE (AllergyScreen [Mediwiss Analytic GmbH, Moers, Germany] and ImmunoCAP [Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden]) and SPT for the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis (AR).

Methods

All 216 patients who were referred to the allergist for suspected AR from June to October 2009 had SPT and the two serological tests. One hundred fifty-eight patients had a positive clinical history and a related positive SPT. The SPT was used as reference standard, and we selected three allergens (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, mugwort, and ragweed), which were common in fall in northeast China, to analyze the correlation of the two serum tests and SPT.

Results

Compared with the SPT, the diagnostic indexes (accuracy, sensitivity and specificity) of the AllergyScreen system and the ImmunoCAP system were 0.819 versus 0.810, 0.780 versus 0.872, and 0.862 versus 0.741, respectively. The accuracy was similar between the two systems (p > 0.05). The ImmunoCAP system method had a higher sensitivity (p < 0.01). The AllergyScreen system had a higher specificity (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

These data support that the AllergyScreen system and ImmunoCAP system can identify potentially significant allergens in the diagnosis of AR in patients from northeastern China.
RNA-containing Exosomes in Human Nasal Secretions
Authors: Lässer Cecilia , O'Neil Serena E. , Ekerljung Linda , Ekström Karin , Sjöstrand Margareta , Lötvall Jan
Published: March 2011

Background

Exosomes are nanovesicles of endocytic origin released by cells and present in human body fluids such as plasma, breast milk, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. These vesicles take part in communication between cells. Recently, it was shown that exosomes contain both mRNA and microRNA. This RNA can be shuttled between cells (exosomal shuttle RNA), which is a new route of communication between cells. The aim of this study was to determine whether nasal secretions harbor exosomes and furthermore, whether these exosomes contain RNA.

Methods

Human nasal lavage fluid (NLF) underwent centrifugation and filtration to discard cells and debris, followed by a final ultracentrifugation at 120,000 × g to pellet the exosomes. Exosomes were detected using electron microscopy (EM), flow cytometry, and Western blot. RNA was extracted and analyzed using a Bioanalyzer.

Results

Exosomes were visualized as 40–80 nm, CD63+ vesicles using EM. Flow cytometry of exosomes using anti–major histocompatibility complex class II beads revealed exosomes positive for the tetraspanins CD9, CD63, and CD81. Western blot confirmed the presence of exosomal protein and absence of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), because the exosomes were positive for Tsg101, but negative for the ER marker, calnexin. Bioanalyzer analysis revealed that, these exosomes contain RNA.

Conclusion

This study shows for the first time that NLF contains exosomes and that these exosomes contain RNA. Further characterization of the exosomal RNA and proteins may provide important information about communication in the nose and potentially provide a source of biomarkers for upper airway diseases.
Hyaluronic Acid Gel in the Treatment of Empty Nose Syndrome
Authors: Modrzyński Marek
Published: March 2011

Background

Empty nose syndrome (ENS) along with atrophic rhinitis are disease entities that are bothersome for patients and difficult for their doctors to treat. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of intranasal injection of hyaluronic acid (HA) gel in patients with symptoms of ENS.

Methods

Three patients suffering from ENS and atrophic rhinitis underwent trial treatment consisting of submucosal injections of HA preparations into the inferior nasal concha and under the mucous membrane of the septum.

Result

As a result of treatment, the patients’ symptoms improved for several months and no complications were recorded.

Conclusion

Because of its simplicity, safety, and fairly good, but impermanent clinical effects, HA injections appear to be worth considering in less severe forms of ENS.
Impact of Nasal Polyposis on Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Gunhan Kivanc , Zeren Fatih , Uz Uzdan , Gumus Bilal , Unlu Halis
Published: March 2011

Background

Our male patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (NP) declare a better sexual function after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) with polypectomy. This study was planned to conduct the first prospective, controlled trial evaluating the possible relation between erectile dysfunction (ED) and NP by subjective and objective parameters.

Methods

Thirty-three male patients with NP and thirty randomly selected male control subjects were evaluated. All subjects underwent assessments of nasal endoscopy, rhinomanometry, body mass index (BMI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale, full in-laboratory polysomnograpy and serum levels of glucose, thyroid hormones, lipid profile, and testosterone. ED was evaluated by the erectile function domain of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-EF) subjectively and nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) objectively. The NP group was reassessed 6 months after FESS.

Results

The mean age, BMI, and laboratory tests of the patients and the control subjects had no significant difference. The well-recognized risk factors for ED were eliminated. Preoperative evaluation of the patients revealed that ED was present in 34 and 24% of the patients by IIEF-EF and NPT, respectively, which was significantly higher than the control group (p = 0.009 and p = 0.018, respectively). There was a significant improvement of ED in the assessment of IIEF-EF and NPT postoperatively (p = 0.014 and p = 0.037, respectively).

Conclusion

ED was determined in a high percentage of patients with NP and significantly ameliorated after FESS. NP might present a risk factor in the development of ED.
The Liquid Panax ginseng Inhibits Epidermal Growth factor–induced metalloproteinase 9 and cyclooxygenase 2 expressions via inhibition of inhibitor factor kappa-B-alpha and extracellular signal-regulated kinase in NCI-H292 human airway epithelial cells
Authors: Kim Jung-Hee , Kang Jeong Woo , Kim ManSub , Lee Dong Hun , Kim Heejong , Choi Hee-Sook , Kim Eun Jin , Chung Ill-Min , Chung Il-Yup , Yoon Do-Young
Published: March 2011

Background

Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) has been used in Asian countries for the treatment of various diseases. However, the mechanisms of liquid Panax ginseng (LG) on allergic inflammatory response in epidermal growth factor (EGF)–stimulated human airway epithelial cells remain largely unclear.

Methods

MUC5AC, cyclooxygenase (COX) 2, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9 expressions were measured using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and gelatin zymogram analyses in NCI-H292 cells. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) protein levels were analyzed by Western blotting.

Results

To gain insight into the antiallergy effects of LG, we examined its influence on epidermal growth factor (EGF)–induced MMP-9 and COX-2 productions in NCI-H292 cells. LG was treated for 1 hour and then followed by EGF treatment for 24 hours into NCI-H292 cells. The decrease of COX-2 production was correlated with the reduced levels of proteins and mRNAs of inducible MMP-9 and MUC5AC. LG blocked upstream signaling of NF-kappa-B activation via inhibition of phosphorylations of inhibitor factor-kappa- B-alpha (I-kappa-B-alpha) and ERK. These results suggest that LG protects NCI-H292 cells from EGF-induced damage by down-regulation of COX-2, MMP-9, and MUC5AC gene expressions by blocking NF-kappa-B and ERK.

Conclusion

LG modulates allergic inflammatory response in EGF-stimulated NCI-H292 human airway epithelial cells via inhibition of I-kappa-B-alpha and ERK.
Simultaneous inferior and middle meatus antrostomies in the treatment of the severely diseased maxillary sinus
Authors: Albu Silviu , Gocea Anamaria , Necula Sorin
Published: March 2011

Background

Although the majority of the maxillary pathology can be eradicated through the enlarged middle meatus antrostomy (MMA), some patients have extensive disease that is difficult to cope with. The aim of this study was to estimate the usefulness of simultaneous middle and inferior meatal antrostomies (MIMAs) in cases with severely diseased maxillary sinus by comparing the subjective and objective outcomes between patients that underwent MIMA and those who experienced maxillary clearance through conventional MMA.

Methods

A prospective study was performed on patients with nasal polyps and severely diseased maxillary sinus (Lund-Mackay CT score = 2). All diseased sinuses were addressed with the same endoscopic sinus surgery technique; the only difference consisted of the management of the maxillary sinus: 34 patients underwent MIMAs and in 38 cases maxillary sinus was approached solely through the MMA. After 12 months of follow-up, outcomes consisted of the visual analog scale (VAS) for the main symptoms, the Lund-Mackay and maxillary sinus endoscopic scores, and the percent of airspace occluded by inflammatory mucosal thickening on CT.

Results

Subjective improvement in VAS scores for nasal obstruction, facial pain, and nasal discharge/retronasal drip was significantly better in the MIMA group. The mucosal thickening as expressed by the CT scan and maxillary endoscopic score was significantly reduced in the MIMA group.

Conclusion

The MIMA technique is useful for removing severe disease that can not be reached through the MMA and yields both better subjective and better objective outcomes. The additional inferior antrostomy most likely improves drainage and ventilation in the postoperative period.
A Prospective, Randomized, Single-blinded Controlled Trial on Biodegradable Synthetic Polyurethane foam as a Packing Material after Septoplasty
Authors: Kim Yoo Suk , Kim Young Hoon , Kim Na Hyun , Kim Si Hong , Kim Kyung Rok , Kim Kyung-Su
Published: March 2011

Background

We evaluated synthetic polyurethane foam (SPF; Polyganics BV, Groningen, The Netherlands) as a packing material used after septoplasty compared with Merocel (Medtronic Xomed Surgical Products, Jacksonville, FL) in the aspects of clinical efficacy and the subjective severity of symptoms.

Methods

A prospective, randomized, single-blinded controlled study was performed in 64 patients who had undergone septoplasty. The patients were randomized to receive Merocel or SPF after septoplasty. Assessments of clinical efficacy on bleeding and pain were done and subjective symptoms related to packing materials were evaluated using questionnaires quantified by the visual analog scale.

Results

There was no difference in repacking or additional packing due to postoperative bleeding, bleeding and/or septal hematoma on the removal of packing, and the mucosal condition after packing removal during postoperative period between the Merocel and SPF groups. Bleeding and pain during packing removal was significantly lower in patients with SPF packing. Also, in the SPF group, patient's general satisfaction and willingness to reuse the material were higher compared with the Merocel group.

Conclusion

SPF is as suitable as Merocel to be used after septoplasty with beneficial effects on bleeding and pain at packing removal.
M1 and M3 Muscarinic Receptors Mediate Relaxation and Contraction in Canine Nasal Veins
Authors: Lung Mary A.
Published: March 2011

Background

Acetylcholine (ACh) has been shown to induce nasal congestion via vasorelaxation of intranasal posterior collecting veins (PCV) coupled with vasocontraction of extranasal outflow veins (dorsal nasal vein [DNV] and sphenopalatine vein [SPV]). The aim of this study was to characterize the muscarinic receptor subtype(s) involved in ACh-induced relaxation and contraction in canine nasal veins.

Methods

PCV, DNV, and SPV were isolated from the canine nose. In vitro isometric tension of segments from these veins was monitored to reflect vascular reactivity. ACh concentration–response curve was studied in the presence of muscarinic receptor subtype inhibitors. Immunohistochemical localization of M1–M5 receptor subtypes in the veins was performed.

Results

ACh-induced relaxation in PVC was inhibited by pertussis toxin (PTX; inhibitor of G-protein that couples M2/M4 receptors), methoctramine (selective M2 muscarinic receptor inhibitor), muscarinic toxin 7 (MT-7; selective M1 muscarinic receptor inhibitor), and 4-diphenylacetoxy-methylpiperidine methiodide (4-DAMP; selective M3 muscarinic receptor inhibitor). ACh-induced contraction in SPV and DNV was potentiated by PTX and methoctramine but was inhibited by MT-7 and 4-DAMP. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of five muscarinic receptor subtypes in the endothelium of nasal veins, with staining of M3 > M1 > M5 > M2 = M4 in PVC but M2 = M4 > M3 > M1 > M5 in outflow veins. M1 and M3 receptor subtypes were localized in the smooth muscles of both types of veins.

Conclusion

The results show that ACh relaxes intranasal veins and contracts extranasal veins primarily via M1 and M3 muscarinic receptor subtypes, implying the therapeutic value of M1/M3-specific or highly selective anticholinergics on nasal congestion.
Remaking traditional sociality, ephemeral friendships and enduring political alliances
Authors: Ciotti Manuela
Published: March 2011

This article explores histories of social separation, impermanent encounters,
and lasting political alliances between Dalit (“untouchable”) Chamar
male youth and members of the upper-caste Brahman community in a village in
eastern Uttar Pradesh, North India. The entry of young Chamar people into educational
institutions followed by political mobilization and, for some, the transition
into employment, has led them to appropriate spaces often beyond the
purview of previous generations. Against the backdrop of Chamar histories as
agricultural laborers, powerless political subjects, and actors of religious marginality,
new forms of masculinity, sociality, and class formation have come into being.
The article focuses on young Chamar men’s involvement in village politics,
particularly during the 2005 local elections. It is argued that village politics—rather than inter-caste friendships, which remain short-lived as a result of caste
discrimination—has engendered an arena of sociality where caste-driven interest
produce more durable social links between young low-caste men and members of
the upper-caste community. As India’s political history illustrates, the episode of
electoral politics analyzed in this article brings together differently situated communities
within the nation, highlighting how the unresolved question of caste discrimination
conflates with the compulsion to political power. If young Chamar
men are the new protagonists in this history, their role is the outcome of broader
changes in the consciousness around political participation and the opening up of
democratic possibilities for minority populations in a postcolonial setting.
Voicing past and present uncertainties
Authors: Melchior Inge , Visser Oane
Published: March 2011

This article analyzes the politics of memory around the Estonian government’s
decision to relocate Tallinn’s World War II memorial of a Soviet soldier.
It shows why and how legitimizing national discourses resonated with and influenced
personal narratives among ordinary Estonians. It also discusses discourses
of Estonians who took a more critical stance on the relocation. The article argues
that the dominant discourse in Estonia has been characterized by a notion of suffering
and a search for recognition from the West, while turning its back to the
East (Estonian Russians and Russia). In a similar vein, the relocation aimed at a
breakaway from the Soviet past and its discourse, while at the same time reinforcing
its perceived continuity. As such, the Estonian case gives insight into processes
of remembering, amnesia, and the quest for recognition at the new border of the
European Union, within a context of highly contentious minority politics.
Sexular practice
Authors: Verkaaik Oskar , Spronk Rachel
Published: March 2011

In Europe today, the most heated identity politics revolve around matters
of sexuality and religion. In the context of “integration” debates that occur in
different forms in various countries, sexuality has gained a new form of normativity,
and new sexual sensitivities have replaced former ones. So far, scholarly discussions
deal with these sensitivities in a deconstructivist and critical manner,
denaturalizing discourses on culture, identity, and religion. However, these debates
do not consider the experiences of people implicated in these debates, and
their often emotional and political engagement in matters where sexuality and religion
intersect. Joan Scott’s coinage of the term “sexularism” denotes a particular
form of embodiment that is part of secularism in Europe today. Rather than studying
the discourse of secularism, this article focuses on the practice of secularization;
how do people fashion their daily lives concerning sexuality, religion and its
intimate intersection?
Agriculture and the economies of cultivation in India
Authors: Gill Navyug
Published: March 2011

Anand Pandian, Crooked stalks: Cultivating virtue in South India. Durham: Duke University Press,
2009, pp. 325, ISBN 978-0-8223-4531-2 (paperback).

Vinay Gidwani, Capital, interrupted: Agrarian development and the politics of work in India. Minneapolis:
University of Minnesota Press, 2008, pp. 336, ISBN 978-0-8166-4959-4 (paperback).
Calpain Activator Dibucaine Induces Platelet Apoptosis
Authors: Zhang Weilin , Liu Jun , Sun Ruichen , Zhao Lili , Du Juan , Ruan Changgeng , Dai Kesheng
Published: March 2011

Calcium-dependent calpains are a family of cysteine proteases that have been demonstrated to play key roles in both platelet glycoprotein Ibα shedding and platelet activation and altered calpain activity is associated with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Calpain activators induce apoptosis in several types of nucleated cells. However, it is not clear whether calpain activators induce platelet apoptosis. Here we show that the calpain activator dibucaine induced several platelet apoptotic events including depolarization of the mitochondrial inner transmembrane potential, up-regulation of Bax and Bak, down-regulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL, caspase-3 activation and phosphatidylserine exposure. Platelet apoptosis elicited by dibucaine was not affected by the broad spectrum metalloproteinase inhibitor GM6001. Furthermore, dibucaine did not induce platelet activation as detected by P-selectin expression and PAC-1 binding. However, platelet aggregation induced by ristocetin or α-thrombin, platelet adhesion and spreading on von Willebrand factor were significantly inhibited in platelets treated with dibucaine. Taken together, these data indicate that dibucaine induces platelet apoptosis and platelet dysfunction.
Welcome to the Journal of Personalized Medicine: A New Open-Access Platform for Research on Optimal Individual Healthcare
Authors: Meyer Urs A.
Published: March 2011

A new vision of personalized medicine or personalized healthcare has evolved as a consequence of remarkable recent advances in technologies that allow to look at individual variation across the entire human genome and to identify personal risk factors behind many diseases and responses to therapy. These advances have greatly increased our understanding of how interactions between the entire genome and nongenomic factors result in health and disease and in therapeutic response. The challenge is now to translate this knowledge into benefits for the individual patient. I expect the Journal of Personalized Medicine to become the premier venue for the rapid and freely accessible publication of high quality manuscripts dealing with this vision for scientists around the world. [...]
Quantification of Dissolved and Particulate Polyunsaturated Aldehydes in the Adriatic Sea
Authors: Vidoudez Charles , Casotti Raffaella , Bastianini Mauro , Pohnert Georg
Published: March 2011

Polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUA) are supposed to play critical roles in chemically-mediated plankton interactions. Laboratory studies suggest that they act as mediators of chemical defense and chemical communication. PUA are oxylipins containing an α,β,γ,δ-unsaturated aldehyde structure element and are mainly found in diatoms. We present here a detailed surface mapping of PUA during a spring bloom of the diatom Skeletonema marinoi in the Adriatic Sea. We monitored dissolved PUA, as well as particulate PUA, which are produced by phytoplankton after cell disintegration. Our survey revealed a patchy distribution of PUA and shows that at most stations S. marinoi is the major contributor to the overall PUA. Our data also suggest that lysis of a diatom bloom can contribute significantly to the dissolved PUA concentrations and that other producers, which are smaller in cell size compared to diatoms, have to be taken into account as well if the total PUA content of marine samples is considered. The analyses of samples collected in deeper water suggests that diatom contribution to PUA decreases with depth, while smaller-sized unidentified organisms take place as dominant contributors to the PUA concentrations.
The Acute Toxicity and Hematological Characterization of the Effects of Tentacle-Only Extract from the Jellyfish Cyanea capillata
Authors: Xiao Liang , Liu Sihua , He Qian , Wang Qianqian , Ye Xuting , Liu Guoyan , Nie Fei , Zhao Jie , Zhang Liming
Published: March 2011

To investigate the hematologic changes and the activities of jellyfish venoms other than hemolytic and cardiovascular toxicities, the acute toxicity of tentacle-only extract (TOE) from the jellyfish Cyanea capillata was observed in mice, and hematological indexes were examined in rats. The median lethal dose (LD50) of TOE was 4.25 mg/kg, and the acute toxicity involved both heart- and nervous system-related symptoms. Arterial blood gas indexes, including pH, PCO2, HCO3−, HCO3std, TCO2, BEecf and BE (B), decreased significantly. PO2 showed a slight increase, while SO2c (%) had no change at any time. Na+ and Ca2+ decreased, but K+ increased. Biochemical indexes, including LDH, CK, CK-MB, ALT, AST and sCr, significantly increased. Other biochemical indexes, including BUN and hemodiastase, remained normal. Lactic acid significantly increased, while glucose, Hct% and THbc showed slight temporary increases and then returned to normal. These results on the acute toxicity and hematological changes should improve our understanding of the in vivo pathophysiological effects of TOE from C. capillata and indicate that it may also have neurotoxicity, liver toxicity and muscular toxicity in addition to hemolytic and cardiovascular toxicities, but no kidney or pancreatic toxicity.
Implementation of the Rauch-Tung-Striebel Smoother for Sensor Compatibility Correction of a Fixed-Wing Unmanned Air Vehicle
Authors: Chan Woei-Leong , Hsiao Fei-Bin
Published: March 2011

This paper presents a complete procedure for sensor compatibility correction of a fixed-wing Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV). The sensors consist of a differential air pressure transducer for airspeed measurement, two airdata vanes installed on an airdata probe for angle of attack (AoA) and angle of sideslip (AoS) measurement, and an Attitude and Heading Reference System (AHRS) that provides attitude angles, angular rates, and acceleration. The procedure is mainly based on a two pass algorithm called the Rauch-Tung-Striebel (RTS) smoother, which consists of a forward pass Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and a backward recursion smoother. On top of that, this paper proposes the implementation of the Wiener Type Filter prior to the RTS in order to avoid the complicated process noise covariance matrix estimation. Furthermore, an easy to implement airdata measurement noise variance estimation method is introduced. The method estimates the airdata and subsequently the noise variances using the ground speed and ascent rate provided by the Global Positioning System (GPS). It incorporates the idea of data regionality by assuming that some sort of statistical relation exists between nearby data points. Root mean square deviation (RMSD) is being employed to justify the sensor compatibility. The result shows that the presented procedure is easy to implement and it improves the UAV sensor data compatibility significantly.
Tapered Optical Fiber Sensor for Label-Free Detection of Biomolecules
Authors: Tian Ye , Wang Wenhui , Wu Nan , Zou Xiaotian , Wang Xingwei
Published: March 2011

This paper presents a fast, highly sensitive and low-cost tapered optical fiber biosensor that enables the label-free detection of biomolecules. The sensor takes advantage of the interference effect between the fiber’s first two propagation modes along the taper waist region. The biomolecules bonded on the taper surface were determined by demodulating the transmission spectrum phase shift. Because of the sharp spectrum fringe signals, as well as a relatively long biomolecule testing region, the sensor displayed a fast response and was highly sensitive. To better understand the influence of various biomolecules on the sensor, a numerical simulation that varied biolayer parameters such as thickness and refractive index was performed. The results showed that the spectrum fringe shift was obvious to be measured even when the biolayer was only nanometers thick. A microchannel chip was designed and fabricated for the protection of the sensor and biotesting. Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) fabrication techniques were used to precisely control the profile and depth of the microchannel on the silicon chip with an accuracy of 2 μm. A tapered optical fiber biosensor was fabricated and evaluated with an Immune globulin G (IgG) antibody-antigen pair.
À propos du complexe technique minéro-métallurgique armoricain
Authors: Garçon Anne-Françoise
Published: March 2011

Avec une production de 1000 à 1500 tonnes de plomb et deux tonnes d'argent, la Bretagne fut, entre 1750 et 1840, la première province minéro-métallurgique du royaume. Il ressort de l'étude techno-économique des trois principaux sites exploités, Le Huelgoat-Poullaouen, Pont-Péan et Chatelaudren qu'ils possédèrent un ensemble de traits communs, au rang desquels le substrat géologique, la composition du capital (haute banque protestante, aristocratie jacobite), et l'impossibilité à obtenir une accumulation productive dans la durée. Aussi, pouvons-nous parler de « complexe minéro-métallurgique armoricain », en mettant en œuvre une notion qui rend possible la comparaison avec les équivalents européens et favorise une lecture fine du fait innovant à l'orée de la première industrialisation.
Combining multiple signals of an electromagnetic induction sensor to prospect land for metal objects
Authors: Saey T. , Van Meirvenne M. , Dewilde M. , Wyffels F. , De Smedt P. , Meerschman E. , Islam M. M. , Meeuws F. , Cockx L.
Published: March 2011

Buried unexploded ammunition is a major problem on arable land in former battle areas. Many battlefields of the First World War (WWI) still contain a lot of unexploded shells just below the plough layer, posing serious threats to soil editors and trenchers. Electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensors have been used for a variety of agricultural and archaeological purposes to map the natural soil variability and to locate buried archaeological remains. Besides its sensitivity to variations in soil texture and anthropogenic disturbances, EMI proves to respond strongly to metal objects in the soil. Most EMI sensors rely on a single signal, with magnitude and sign of the metal anomalies differing according to the instruments coil distance and separation. The multi‐coil EMI sensor, the DUALEM‐21S, provides four simultaneous apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) signals enhancing significantly the possibilities for signal processing. To calibrate our instrument, we buried different masses of metal at different depths. The fourECameasurements showed a response to the metal objects down to 1.2 m. The measurements were subtracted by their gradual trend to obtain the local anomalies (ΔECa). A combination of these four ΔECa’s was used to amplify the signal response to metal, influenced by both depth and mass of the buried objects. At an intensively shelled former WWI battle field near Ypres (Belgium), a detailed prospection was conducted with the DUALEM‐21S. Based on our multi‐signal procedure, we located 40 positions, 20 where we predicted buried metal and 20 where we expected that no metal was present within 1.2 m depth. There were no false negative predictions and at the 20 locations where we expected metal, shells up to 90 kg were excavated. As a final outcome we produced a map with predictions of the mass of metal objects in the soil assuming a fixed depth and alternatively a map with predictions of the depth of metal objects assuming a given mass.

Apart from their potential for agricultural and archaeological investigations, multi‐ECasignals were shown to be useful for locating metal objects, like unexploded WWI shells, in the top 1.2 m of soil.
Realization of Monitoring Systems of DC Breaker Based on GPRS Technology
Authors: Wang Jun , Ning Tao , Li Zhi Hua
Published: March 2011

The inductance and capacitance parameters in oscillation circuit are very important for the HVDC breakers to interrupt the heavy current. In order to know the inductance and capacitance parameters, an online monitoring system of HVDC breaker is designed, and assorted software is also design to process the data got by the data acquisition system. After tested in laboratory, this online monitoring system has proved truly and reliably getting the inductance and capacitance parameters. This system can contribute to analyze the health state of the breaker proceedings breaker.
Analysis, Prospect on Non-Linearity and Security Evaluation of Bridge Based on Multi-Chaotic Indexes
Authors: Yang Jian Xi , Zhou Jian Ting
Published: March 2011

This paper presents an analysis of the nonlinear characteristics of a bridge structure and the chaos of BHM(bridge health monitoring) information. Chongqing Masangxi bridge’s BHM information is analyzed by using the max Lyapunov index with Wolf and correlation dimension with G_P algorithm. The results show:1) all of the max Lyapunov index is nonnegative ;2)the correlation dimension is non-integeral and greater than 2.These proves that the bridge structure is in the chaos. Meanwhile, with the evolution of time, the index of chaos is sensitive with status of structure system and varies in different key sections of bridge structure. These findings lay a solid foundation for the further development of bridge safety assessment and prediction when non-linear chaotic theory is utilized to analyze the bridge health monitoring information.
Scalable Platform Robust Reconfiguration Method with Sensitivity Analysis and Fuzzy Clustering
Authors: Li Zhong Kai , Li Xiu Rong , Zhu Zhen Cai
Published: March 2011

For improving the quick responses and instances quality in platform based product family design, a scalable platform reconfiguration method using sensitivity analysis and fuzzy clustering is proposed with robust design theory. The possible platform constants and scaling variables sets are divided by design variable sensitivity analysis firstly, during which multiple performances are aggregated by preference aggregation to ease the sensitivity for total product. Then the performance preference, robust deviation and constraint violation changes caused by constant sharing are clustered by fuzzy c-means algorithm (FCM) to reasonably plan the constant multiple platforms sharing strategy. A fuzzy percentage index is introduced in FCM to determine the optimal cluster number in fuzzy clustering. Finally the instances deviated from platform are optimized to set scaling variables. The efficiency and effectiveness of proposed method is illustrated by the optimization of scalable capacitor-run single-phase induction motor families, and the results are compared against previous work.
Calculation for Torsion Strength of Prestressed Concrete Beams Based on Fixed-Angle Softened Truss Model
Authors: Jiang Ke Bin , Ding Yong , Liu Ya Wen , Zheng Feng
Published: March 2011

The calculation model for torsion strength of prestressed concrete beams (PCs) under pure torsion is deduced theoretically based on Fixed-Angle Softened Truss Model (FA-STM) and an efficient algorithm for the model is proposed. The calculated values of torsion strength and the Torque-twist curves predicted by the proposed method agree well with these obtained from tests for the two specimens available in literature. These indicate that the proposed method can not only calculate the torsion strength efficiently but can also predict the load—deformation curve of the PCs.
The Design and Implementation of Agricultural Production Price Transmission System Based on ArcGIS Silverlight API
Authors: Huang Xiang Yang , Wu Wen Jun , Wu Ning
Published: March 2011

This paper demonstrated a GIS system about Agricultural Production. Its main function is to show price transmission relations of agricultural production among the main markets. Using Silverlight and ArcGIS technology, the system has a strong user experience and abundant display effect. This paper mainly discussed the main technologies, structural framework and the main functions of the system.
Numerical Study on 3D Coupled Heat Transfer of Thrust Chamber with Regenerative Cooling
Authors: Nie Tao , Liu Wei Qiang
Published: March 2011

To obtain temperature distribution in regenerative-cooled liquid propellant rocket nozzle quickly and accurately, three-dimensional numerical simulation employed using empirical formulas. A reduced one-dimensional model is employed for the coolant flow and heat transfer, while three dimensional heat transfer model is used to calculate the coupling heat transfer through the wall. The geometrical model is subscale hot-firing chamber. The numerical results agree well with experimental data, while temperature field in nozzle obtained. In terms of computing time and accuracy of results, this method can provide a reference for optimization design and performance estimation.
Finite Difference Numerical Analysis and Experimental Measurements for Beam Profiles of Ultrasonic Creeping Wave Probe
Authors: Lu Chao , Zheng Ming Fang
Published: March 2011

Compare with the Rayleigh wave method, ultrasonic creeping waves critically technique for surface and subsurface defects nondestructive measurement for has the prominent advantage, which not sensitive to surface roughness in coarse-grained materials such as austenitic steel, In this paper, the propagation characteristics and beam profiles of the creeping probe were investigated using finite difference method and measured experimentally. The finite difference numerical model for reflection arc part of the IIW block was established. Through the numerical analysis, wavefront snapshots of the creeping wave propagated in the IIW block are very clear to illustrate the mechanism, and the directivity characteristic of the main beam is obtained. The creeping wave sound characteristics were observed using the dynamical photoelastic experimental method. The beam profiles of the creeping wave probe was measured on the IIW block, the experimental measurement results and the numerical analysis are in good agreement. The results are really significant to design an efficient producer for the surface and sub-surface defects detection based on the ultrasonic creeping wave method.In this paper, a numerical modeling of contact conical transducers is discussed in conjunction with wave propagation analyses by a finite difference method (FDM). Although transducers are the devices to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy and vice versa, attention in this paper is paid mostly to the study of characteristics and parameters of cones and wedges influencing their performance. Cones and wedges inserted between an ultrasonic transducer and the specimen provide the transducer with enhanced capability for point or line contact with the specimen. We study the effect of the dimensions, shape and aperture on the frequency response and the angle of incidence of the wave. Through the testing transducer modeling, some conclusions have been drawn from the analysis, which is useful to as the guideline and criteria for an optimum conical wedge design.
Research on Internet-Based Reconfigurable Distance Mechanical System Fault Diagnosis
Authors: Xu Yun Jie
Published: March 2011

In order to meet requirements of increasingly high-speed, large and intelligent mechanical equipments on fault diagnosis, the Internet-based reconfigurable mechanical system fault diagnosis program was presented. The overall structure and networking schema of distance mechanical fault diagnosis system were analyzed, and the distance fault diagnosis network model based on J2EE framework was also described. The structural model and reconfigurable manner of the reconfigurable distance diagnosis system was provided, which used CORBA component technology to achieve reconfiguration. The detail steps of system that take some type of diesel engine as diagnosis object was described, and the intelligent diagnosing methods were also researched. The Internet-based fault diagnosis technology effectively improves the efficiency and accuracy of diagnostic systems.
Improvement of Volume Stability in Core Concrete of Concrete-Filled Steel Tube
Authors: Yang De Bin , Zhou Shui Xing , Chen Ming , Wang Wei , Zhang Xiao Yi
Published: March 2011

Due to the concrete self-shrinkage, frequent load application and temperature fluctuation, and so on，the gap formed between the inner tube wall and the core concrete surfaces would decrease the performance of concrete-filled steel tube (CFST). To prevent this cavity problem, various types of expansive agents and aggregates were used in this study to improve the volume stability of core concrete. Comparative experiments with mortars and concrete were carried out respectively under standard curing condition and under enclosed curing condition which simulated the environment in steel tube. The results could be summarized as follows: ● Two types of expansive agents, ZY type expansive agent mainly containing sulfates and aluminates and M type expansive agent mainly containing magnesium oxide, presented different expansive behaviors with curing ages in mortar and concrete. Two types of expansive agents combined with each other could produce complementary and superimposition effects to improve continuously the volume stability of mortar and concrete. ● Sufficient water supply is the key factor for the formation and maintenance of expansion. The volume change caused by the self-shrinkage effect of core concrete could not be effectively off-set with whether two types expansive agents or their compounds under enclosed environment in which water was scarce and could not be supplied from outside. ● When some water-saturated ceramsite were used to partially replace aggregates in core concrete,the volume expansion performance of core concrete improved dramatically with the water storage and supply effects of water-saturated ceramsite.
Design and Realization of Electronic Map Based on MapX
Authors: Liu Jia Fu , Liang Yu Hua , Li Jing
Published: March 2011

According to the characteristics of design and production for digital maps, a methodology for developing popular science tour digital map is proposed in respect with the reality of popular science tour resources in Northeast. A popular science tour digital map in Northeast was made with the MapX controls, which is a popular GIS development tool designed from the VB program language. Several key technologies for the design and production of the electrical map were discussed. The development of popular science tour digital map in Northeast has practical values for tourism developments.
Elastic Wave Localization in Two-Dimensional Phononic Crystals with One-Dimensional Aperiodicity
Authors: Yan Zhi Zhong , Zhang Chuan Zeng , Wang Yue Sheng
Published: March 2011

The band structures of in-plane elastic waves propagating in two-dimensional phononic crystals with one-dimensional aperiodicity are analyzed in this paper. The localization of wave propagation is discussed by introducing the concept of the localization factor that is calculated by the plane-wave-based transfer-matrix method. By treating the aperiodicity as the deviation from the periodicity in a special way, two kinds of aperiodic phononic crystals that have Thue-Morse and Rudin-Shapiro sequence in one direction and translational symmetry in the other direction are considered. The transmission coefficients based on eigenmode match theory are also calculated and the results show the same behaviors as the localization factor does. In the case of Thue-Morse and Rudin-Shapiro structures, the band structures of Thue-Morse sequence exhibit similarities with quasi-periodic sequence not present in the results of Rudin-Shapiro sequence.
Design of a Real-Time Video-Fire-Detection System Based on DSP
Authors: Yuan W. , Li J. , Fang J. , Hu H.B. , Zhang Y.M.
Published: March 2011

Many methods of fire detection in video have been carried out on PC. Generally it needs long cables to transmit images and processes videos on computers. That system is too dependent on computers, and costs a lot using cables to transmission. We would rather use a portable device to detect fire, which will bring us much more convenience. This paper designed a portable system to detect fire using DSP. The system integrates video acquisition, image processing and fire alarm together in a circuit board. Then we develop algorithms to recognize fire, and transplant them into DSP. Finally put it into use after commissioning test. This portable system can work independently. Users can put into their requirements through user-interface, and system will output the fire pictures and alarm by wireless communication or internet. This system is applicable to various places, such as indoor and outdoor, large and open spaces, forest, etc.