bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Asphalt Mixture for the First Asphalt Concrete Directly Fastened Track in Korea
Authors: Lee Seong-Hyeok , Park Dae-Wook , Vo Hai Viet , Dessouky Samer
Published: July 2015

The research has been initiated to develop the asphalt mixtures which are suitable for the surface of asphalt concrete directly fastened track (ADFT) system and evaluate the performance of the asphalt mixture. Three aggregate gradations which are upper (finer), medium, and below (coarser). The nominal maximum aggregate size of asphalt mixture was 10 mm. Asphalt mixture design was conducted at 3 percent air voids using Marshall mix design method. To make impermeable asphalt mixture surface, the laboratory permeability test was conducted for asphalt mixtures of three different aggregate gradations using asphalt mixture permeability tester. Moisture susceptibility test was conducted based on AASHTO T 283. The stripping percentage of asphalt mixtures was measured using a digital camera and analyzed based on image analysis techniques. Based on the limited research results, the finer aggregate gradation is the most suitable for asphalt mixture for ADFT system with the high TSR value and the low stripping percentage and permeable coefficient. Flow number and beam fatigue tests for finer aggregate asphalt mixture were conducted to characterize the performance of asphalt mixtures containing two modified asphalt binders: STE-10 which is styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) polymer and ARMA which is Crum rubber modified asphalt. The performance tests indicate that the STE-10 shows the higher rutting life and fatigue life.
Analysis of Eu3+Emission from Mg2TiO4Nanoparticles by Judd-Ofelt Theory
Authors: Vuković Katarina , Medić Mina , Sekulić Milica , Dramićanin Miroslav D.
Published: July 2015

Eu3+doped Mg2TiO4(2 at% of Eu) nanoparticles which are 5 to 10 nm in diameter are prepared by Pechini-type polymerized complex route followed with the calcination in the temperature range from 400°C to 700°C. Emission spectra display characteristicD0→FJ  (J=0, 1, 2, 3, and 4) spin forbidden f-f electronic transitions of the Eu3+ions with the most pronounced emission coming fromD0→F2  transition and with the emission decays varying between 0.57 and 0.87 ms for samples prepared at different temperatures. Judd-Ofelt theoretical analysis of the emission spectra of Eu3+ions was performed, which allowed calculating radiative and nonradiative emission probabilities, Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters, and the quantum efficiency of the Eu3+emission in the Mg2TiO4nanoparticles. The analyses showed the existence of high asymmetry around the metal ion sites. Also, the largest quantum efficiency of emission of 58.5% is found in nanoparticles prepared at 600°C.
Parallel-Machine Scheduling Problems with Past-Sequence-Dependent Delivery Times and Aging Maintenance
Authors: Ma Wei-min , Sun Li , Zeng Xue-qin , Ning Lei
Published: July 2015

We consider parallel-machine scheduling problems with past-sequence-dependent (psd) delivery times and aging maintenance. The delivery time is proportional to the waiting time in the system. Each machine has an aging maintenance activity. We develop polynomial algorithms to three versions of the problem to minimize the total absolute deviation of job completion times, the total load, and the total completion time.
Dual-Frequency Two-Element Antenna Array with Suppressed Mutual Coupling
Authors: Yu Yantao , Yi Lijun , Liu Xiaoya , Gu Zhaokai , Rizka Nadia Media
Published: July 2015

An efficient technique utilizing the defected ground structure (DGS) to suppress the mutual coupling effect of a dual-frequency microstrip antenna array is studied. The proposed dual-frequency DGS beneath two patches includes two circular split ring slots, each of which corresponds to one resonant frequency of the patches. The characteristic of the compact DGS is theoretically and experimentally investigated. The prototypes of the patches arrays with and without the proposed DGS are fabricated. Both the simulated and measured results show that the mutual coupling between array elements has been obviously reduced at the two operating frequency bands with the implementation of the proposed DGS structure.
Axis-Exchanged Compensation and Gait Parameters Analysis for High Accuracy Indoor Pedestrian Dead Reckoning
Authors: Zhang Honghui , Zhang Jinyi , Zhou Duo , Wang Wei , Li Jianyu , Ran Feng , Ji Yuan
Published: July 2015

Pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) is an effective way for navigation coupled with GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) or weak GNSS signal environment like indoor scenario. However, indoor location with an accuracy of 1 to 2 meters determined by PDR based on MEMS-IMU is still very challenging. For one thing, heading estimation is an important problem in PDR because of the singularities. For another thing, walking distance estimation is also a critical problem for pedestrian walking with randomness. Based on the above two problems, this paper proposed axis-exchanged compensation and gait parameters analysis algorithm to improve the navigation accuracy. In detail, an axis-exchanged compensation factored quaternion algorithm is put forward first to overcome the singularities in heading estimation without increasing the amount of computation. Besides, real-time heading is updated by R-adaptive Kalman filter. Moreover, gait parameters analysis algorithm can be divided into two steps: cadence detection and step length estimation. Thus, a method of cadence classification and interval symmetry is proposed to detect the cadence accurately. Furthermore, a step length model adjusted by cadence is established for step length estimation. Compared to the traditional PDR navigation, experimental results showed that the error of navigation reduces 32.6%.
Vitamin D and Osteoporosis in HIV/HCV Coinfected Patients: A Literature Review
Authors: Di Carlo Paola , Siracusa Lucia , Mazzola Giovanni , Colletti Piero , Soresi Maurizio , Giannitrapani Lydia , Li Vecchi Valentina , Montalto Giuseppe
Published: July 2015

Vitamin D deficiency further increases the risk of osteoporosis in HIV-positive patients coinfected with hepatitis C virus (HCV); however, it is still unclear whether HCV-related increased fracture risk is a function of the severity of liver disease. The aim of this review was to identify studies on associative vitamin D deficiency patterns in high-risk populations such as HIV/HCV coinfected patients. We did this by searching MEDLINE and EMBASE databases, from inception to August 2014, and included bibliographies. The final 12 articles selected are homogeneous in terms of age but heterogeneous in terms of sample size, participant recruitment, and data source. Most of the HIV/HCV coinfected patients have less than adequate levels of vitamin D. After reviewing the selected articles, we concluded that vitamin D deficiency should be regarded as a continuum and that the lower limit of the ideal range is debatable. We found that vitamin D deficiency might influence liver disease progression in HIV/HCV coinfected patients. Methodological issues in evaluating vitamin D supplementation as a relatively inexpensive therapeutic option are discussed, as well as the need for future research, above all on its role in reducing the risk of HCV-related fracture by modifying liver fibrosis progression.
Imaging in Glucocerebrosidase-Associated Parkinsonism: Current Status and Implications for Pathophysiology
Authors: Kiferle Lorenzo , Giuntini Martina , Bonuccelli Ubaldo , Ceravolo Roberto
Published: July 2015

Background: Glucocerebrosidase (GBA) mutations have been described as the most prevalent in Parkinson's disease (PD) and in Lewy body dementia, accounting for up to 7 and 13.8% of cases, respectively. To elucidate the pathophysiology of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (iPD), the pathogenic mechanisms leading to Lewy body accumulation in GBA-associated parkinsonism (GBA-PD) are a matter of current research. However, only few imaging studies, conducted on small GBA-PD patient cohorts, exist. Methods: We provide an overview of current structural and functional imaging studies in patients with Gaucher's disease and parkinsonism and in GBA-PD patients, underlining the main differences compared to iPD. Results: A limited number of PET studies have been conducted in GBA-PD, exploring brain metabolism and dopaminergic presynaptic and postsynaptic function. Moreover, structural MRI and spectroscopy studies recently evidenced the differences with iPD, aiding to understand of some peculiar aspects of iPD. Finally, new evidence from transcranial sonography confirms the technique's role in the study of GBA-PD and highlights the additional involvement of the raphe nucleus. Conclusions: Further imaging studies conducted in a broader population of early GBA-PD are warranted to characterize the disease and elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying GBA-PD and to understand GBA implications in iPD.
Are the “A’s” in AAI Anachronistic? An Imaginary Interview with Bert Foer
Authors: First Harry , Fox Eleanor
Published: July 2015

We conducted this interview with Bert Foer in 2014, at the time of his retirement from the presidency of AAI.1 Our interview was held in AAI’s beautiful offices overlooking the Department of Justice, the Federal Trade Commission, the Congress, the White House, various federal regulatory agencies (including the FCC and FERC), and, in the distance, the offices of the fifty-five state government antitrust enforcers. Farther in the distance are the Berlaymont building, the Shanghai World Financial Center, and the Taj Mahal.
Efficiencies and Antitrust Reconsidered
Authors: Horton Thomas J.
Published: July 2015

The author reconsiders the issue of efficiencies and antitrust from the perspectives of evolutionary biology and the growing field of evolutionary economics. He begins by discussing how the term efficiency as currently used in antitrust today is more of a term of social science and economic ideology than a meaningful scientific concept. He then moves on to address how the lessons of evolutionary biology and economics, including the need for systemic diversity and unremitting competition at all systemic levels, can be applied to structural antitrust and efficiencies analyses. The author concludes that it is time to bring fresh perspectives to the study of efficiencies and antitrust. He recommends a series of reforms, including increased and more aggressive enforcement against horizontal mergers between competitors; renewed interest in vertical mergers and agreements; and more aggressive guarding of competitive diversity and opportunity against unfair predatory conduct by dominant firms, monopolies, and oligopolies.
Spirituality and Aging in Place
Authors: Adams Joanne , Pascal Jan , Dickson-Swift Virginia
Published: July 2015

There is limited research exploring how domestic water restrictions imposed as a result of drought conditions impact upon the lives of independently living older people. Within this age group (60 years plus), the domestic garden frequently forms an intrinsic component of ongoing health and well-being. Gardening practice offers components of both mental and physical activity and, for many older people, leads to emotional and spiritual connection on a number of levels. The capacity of older people to maintain a garden during a period of water restrictions is greatly reduced, and the resulting impact on health and well-being is considerable. A recent study, conducted in south-eastern Australia, aimed to determine the benefits to health and well-being of maintaining a domestic garden for older people and the impact of water restrictions on garden practice. This occurred at a time following a prolonged period of drought and, in central Victoria, a complete ban on outside watering. In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 10 gardeners aged between 60 and 83 who had tended their garden over an extended period. The lived experience of gardening was explored through hermeneutic phenomenological analysis. Clear benefits to health and well-being were established, and yet, the essence of this experience lay in the capacity of gardeners to remain connected to their garden despite change. The crisis imposed by ongoing drought and restricted use of water generated a strong impetus for adaptation, resilience and acceptance of change. The spiritual nature of gardening practice clearly emerged and appeared to intensify the experience of gardening and consolidate adaption to change on a number of levels.
Older Adults’ Current and Potential Uses of Information Technologies in a Changing World
Authors: Backonja Uba , Hall Amanda K. , Thielke Stephen
Published: July 2015

Technologies have become a major force in people’s lives. They change how people interact with the environment, even as the environment changes. We propose that technology use in the setting of changing environments is motivated by essential needs and tensions experienced by the individual. We apply three developmental and behavioral theories (Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, and Bronfenbrenner’s ecological model) to explain technology-related behaviors among older adults. We consider how technology use has addressed and can address major ecological changes, in three areas: health promotion, natural disasters, and disparities. We propose that considering these theories can help researchers and developers ensure that technologies will help promote a healthier world for older adults.
Understanding Resistance to Climate Change Resistance
Authors: Coyle Maureen
Published: July 2015

Fifty years after the emergence of warnings over the effects of the environmental impacts of industrialization and other conditions of a planet subjugated by humans, we are still entertaining discussions about the existence of the phenomena of climate change. Worse still, we have not checked the behaviors and conditions that exacerbate the rate of environmental destruction. Older people, particularly those who are economically vulnerable, are among those most at risk in disasters, including events resulting from climate change. By applying the “epistemologies of ignorance” outlined by Nancy Tuana, I attempt to understand the rooted ignorance that prevents acceptance of the environmental impact of human kind’s unrepentant misuse of the world’s natural resources and the refusal to curb the excesses that have lead to environmental damage that has had, and that will continue to have, dire consequences on the planet and for the most vulnerable denizens of Earth. Far from being a pessimistic project of abjection and despair, this article proposes that an examination of climate change denial can provide guidance for the development of a better counter-narrative.
Alaska Native Grandparents Rearing Grandchildren
Authors: Henderson Tammy L. , Dinh Minh , Morgan Kerry , Lewis Jordan
Published: July 2015

We used community-based participatory research with four tiers of governance and grounded theory methods to examine the lives of Alaska Native grandparents rearing grandchildren in a rural community. We explored the reasons Native grandparents reared or are rearing their grandchildren, challenges rearing grandchildren, and the joys of grandparenthood. We used their words to broaden the grandparenting research by focusing solely on Native People living in a rural, arctic climate. Culture, values, and traditions explain the unique reasons grandparents cared for their grandchildren; values and common concerns of all grandparents describe the challenges of grandparenthood; pride and joy, the value of love, and traditional ways of living made clear the joys of Alaska Native grandparents rearing their grandchildren. After the discussion, we offer considerations for future research.
The importance of natural change in planning school-based intervention for children with Developmental Language Impairment (DLI)
Authors: Botting Nicola , Gaynor Marguerite , Tucker Katie , Orchard-Lisle Ginnie
Published: July 2015

Some reports suggest that there is an increase in the number of children identified as having developmental language impairment (Bercow, 2008). yet resource issues have meant that many speech and language therapy services have compromised provision in some way. Thus, efficient ways of identifying need and prioritizing intervention are required. Despite this, children’s natural change is rarely formally considered when intervention planning. The role of age, gender and non-verbal IQ in predicting change has also not always been considered. A longitudinal baseline period is important because it may guide teachers and language therapists towards different therapeutic aims/methods for different groups of children. This study reports on 22 children aged 4–7 identified by teachers as having language difficulties. All children took part in a classroom-based semantic language intervention in two phases, the first led by speech and language therapists (SLTs), followed by a phase led by trained learning support assistants (LSAs). Two Natural Change subgroups were compared: One group showed natural change in language over a six-week period before the intervention ran ( n = 11; Baseline Improvers) whilst the other group did not show language change in this non-intervention period ( n = 12; Baseline Non-Improvers). The groups were well matched on skills at study entry and differed only on score change without intervention. Language skills were assessed at three subsequent time points: pre-therapy, post-SLT-therapy and post-LSA-therapy. In the group as a whole, significant changes were seen across all language measures except expressive vocabulary. Non-verbal cognitive ability showed no change over time, and did not predict language change. There were important differences in the patterns shown by each subgroup depending on natural change without intervention. Notably, Baseline Non-Improvers changed during intervention more than Baseline Improvers. The results suggest that use of a longitudinal baseline may be useful when planning interventions and deciding where to focus limited resources.
Motivations to engage in word-of-mouth behavior on social network sites
Authors: Luarn Pin , Huang Peng , Chiu Yu-Ping , Chen I-Jen
Published: July 2015

The main objective of this study was to enhance the understanding of users’ motivation to engage in word-of-mouth behavior on social network sites. This study conducted a hierarchical regression analysis to examine the motivations of social and personal constructs that may influence users’ engagement in word-of-mouth. The results posited that not only social constructs (tie strength, expressiveness, social enhancement, relationship management, normative influence, and informational influence), but also personal constructs (altruism, narcissism, image building, and achievement) positively affect users’ engagement in word-of-mouth. These findings can provide useful implications for theory in relation to the motives to disseminate word-of-mouth, and be a useful resource and reference for marketing practice.
Central and Eastern European trade unions after the EU enlargement
Authors: Kahancová Marta
Published: July 2015

This article presents recent responses on the part of Central and Eastern European (CEE) trade unions to economic and social challenges in the post-enlargement period. Shifting the focus away from structural union weakness, the article looks at trade union potential for action, organizational capacity, resource building and policy influence. Despite their structural weaknesses, CEE unions demonstrate capacities that might enable them actively to shape working conditions and their internal resources are not completely depleted. However, the character of these resources and the kinds of union action have been changing. Traditional resources based on membership and involvement in collective bargaining have lost prominence in favour of unions’ increased focus on mobilization, public protests and political support.
Labour market impacts of post-enlargement migration on hosts and stayers in EU labour markets
Authors: Kahanec Martin
Published: July 2015

The eastern enlargements of the EU and the extension of the free movement of labour to the new Member States have provided for increased mobility in the EU. This article reviews the impact of the newly emerged east-west mobility patterns on the labour market options of the labour force in host Member States and stayers in the source countries. The literature generally finds a positive aggregate effect on the host labour force, although micro-level adjustment may create winners and losers and the integration of immigrants has been limited. In spite of the fears of brain drain from the sending countries, empirical evidence also indicates positive effects on wages and employment of the stayers. A study on the effects of husbands’ employment abroad on the labour market status of Slovak women provides additional evidence of positive effects of husbands’ out-migration on their wives’ labour market outcomes. This study concludes that free mobility in an enlarged EU led to an increase in the efficiency of its labour markets.
Youth Intimacy on Tumblr
Authors: Hart Matt
Published: July 2015

I examine young people’s intimate relationships formed on Tumblr. Research has extensively documented how and why adults utilize online dating services to articulate relationships online; however, scholars of this phenomenon have largely overlooked the lived experiences of young people. This article presents the initial findings of a qualitative pilot study in which 10 young male and female Tumblr users participated in hour-long, in-depth, semi-structured, synchronous online interviews via Skype. The initial findings generated by the pilot study suggest that young people are engaging online technologies to practice intimacy and sociality in diverse ways. Responses suggest that young people conceptualize Tumblr as being distinct from existing social network sites (SNS) as a result of its perceived affordances. Iconclude that the ways in which young people engage and date and socialize on Tumblr suggest a rethinking of established contemporary notions of intimacy and community in the digital era.
Teachers of Students with Low Incidence Disabilities Talk about Their Own Learning: An International Insight
Authors: West Elizabeth , Jones Phyllis , Stevens Dana
Published: July 2015

This article discusses an international research project that explores teachers' views of a recent learning experience they perceive to have been effective for them. Fourteen teachers attending graduate courses at the University of Washington, USA (six teachers), and the University of Northumbria, UK (eight teachers), form the sample for this research. Individual structured interviews generated data that allow an insight into the personal meaning making made by the teachers about their own learning experiences, and their thoughts on continued professional development, for them and their colleagues in schools and across their districts. Through a process of collaborative analysis themes of relating theory to practice, mediated teacher learning, learning from others, and reflection in action emerged as potentially important elements to the teachers for their own learning. These themes are presented as a frequency distribution and examples of raw data are provided. Themes are discussed in relation to implications for professional development experiences and potential innovative processes of learning.
The ASEAN Security Community: A Misplaced Consensus
Authors: Khoo Nicholas
Published: July 2015

Is the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) a security community? To many theorists and Southeast Asian specialists, the answer is a resounding yes. This article interrogates this consensus. The author contends that a greater sensitivity to empirical evidence and theoretical rigour leads to the conclusion that the claims of security community theorists are far less compelling than is claimed.
Suppression of humping bead in high speed GMAW with external magnetic field
Authors: Wang L. , Wu C. S. , Gao J. Q.
Published: July 2015

In high speed gas metal arc welding, the higher momentum of backward flowing molten jet in a weld pool contributes to the occurrence of humping bead. In this study, the external magnetic field is exerted to control the fluid flow and its velocity distribution inside the weld pool to suppress the humping bead. The effects of the external magnetic field on the weld pool flow dynamics, arc column and the metal transfer are experimentally investigated. The required excitation current levels to suppress humping bead under different welding conditions are obtained. It is found that the deflection of arc column and liquid metal stream at wire tip can be offset by a suitable backward inclination angle of torch. With appropriate combination of external magnetic flux density and backward inclination angle of torch, a good quality weld bead without humping and spatter can be obtained in high speed GMAW.
Global SUMOylation on active chromatin is an acute heat stress response restricting transcription
Authors: Niskanen Einari A. , Malinen Marjo , Sutinen Päivi , Toropainen Sari , Paakinaho Ville , Vihervaara Anniina , Joutsen Jenny , Kaikkonen Minna U. , Sistonen Lea , Palvimo Jorma J.
Published: July 2015

Background

Cells have developed many ways to cope with external stress. One distinctive feature in acute proteotoxic stresses, such as heat shock (HS), is rapid post-translational modification of proteins by SUMOs (small ubiquitin-like modifier proteins; SUMOylation). While many of the SUMO targets are chromatin proteins, there is scarce information on chromatin binding of SUMOylated proteins in HS and the role of chromatin SUMOylation in the regulation of transcription.

Results

We mapped HS-induced genome-wide changes in chromatin occupancy of SUMO-2/3-modified proteins in K562 and VCaP cells using ChIP-seq. Chromatin SUMOylation was further correlated with HS-induced global changes in transcription using GRO-seq and RNA polymerase II (Pol2) ChIP-seq along with ENCODE data for K562 cells. HS induced a rapid and massive rearrangement of chromatin SUMOylation pattern: SUMOylation was gained at active promoters and enhancers associated with multiple transcription factors, including heat shock factor 1. Concomitant loss of SUMOylation occurred at inactive intergenic chromatin regions that were associated with CTCF-cohesin complex and SETDB1 methyltransferase complex. In addition, HS triggered a dynamic chromatin binding of SUMO ligase PIAS1, especially onto promoters. The HS-induced SUMOylation on chromatin was most notable at promoters of transcribed genes where it positively correlated with active transcription and Pol2 promoter-proximal pausing. Furthermore, silencing of SUMOylation machinery either by depletion of UBC9 or PIAS1 enhanced expression of HS-induced genes.

Conclusions

HS-triggered SUMOylation targets promoters and enhancers of actively transcribed genes where it restricts the transcriptional activity of the HS-induced genes. PIAS1-mediated promoter SUMOylation is likely to regulate Pol2-associated factors in HS.
Early medication use in new-onset rheumatoid arthritis may delay joint replacement: results of a large population-based study
Authors: Moura Cristiano S. , Abrahamowicz Michal , Beauchamp Marie-Eve , Lacaille Diane , Wang Yishu , Boire Gilles , Fortin Paul R. , Bessette Louis , Bombardier Claire , Widdifield Jessica , Hanly John G. , Feldman Debbie , Maksymowych Walter , Peschken Christine , Barnabe Cheryl , Edworthy Steve , Bernatsky Sasha ,   CAN-AIM
Published: July 2015

Introduction

Use of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may prevent joint damage and potentially reduce joint replacement surgeries. We assessed the association between RA drug use and joint replacement in Quebec, Canada.

Methods

A cohort of new-onset RA patients was identified from Quebec’s physician billing and hospitalization databases from 2002–2011. The outcome was defined using procedure codes submitted by orthopedic surgeons. Medication use was obtained from pharmacy databases. We used alternative Cox regression models with time-dependent variables measuring the cumulative effects of past use during different time windows (one model focussing on the first year after cohort entry) for methotrexate (MTX), and other DMARDs. Models were adjusted for baseline sociodemographics, co-morbidity and prior health service use, time-dependent cumulative use of other drugs (anti-tumor necrosis factor [anti-TNF] agents, other biologics, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors [COXIBs], nonselective nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAIDs], and systemic steroids), and markers of disease severity.

Results

During follow-up, 608 joint replacements occurred among 11,333 patients (median follow-up: 4.6 years). The best-fitting model relied on the cumulative early use (within the first year after cohort entry) of MTX and of other DMARDs, with an interaction between MTX and other DMARDs. In this model, greater exposure within the first year, to either MTX (adjusted hazard ratio, HR = 0.95 per 1 month, 95 % confidence interval, 95 % CI 0.93-0.97) or other DMARDs (HR = 0.97, 95 % CI 0.95-0.99) was associated with longer time to joint replacement.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that longer exposure to either methotrexate (MTX) or other DMARDs within the first year after RA diagnosis is associated with longer time to joint replacement surgery.
Coenzyme Q10 Prevents Insulin Signaling Dysregulation and Inflammation Prior to Development of Insulin Resistance in Male Offspring of a Rat Model of Poor Maternal Nutrition and Accelerated Postnatal Growth
Authors: Tarry-Adkins Jane L. , Fernandez-Twinn Denise S. , Madsen Ralitsa , Chen Jian-Hua , Carpenter Asha , Hargreaves Iain P. , McConnell Josie M. , Ozanne Susan E.
Published: July 2015

Low birth weight and rapid postnatal growth increases the risk of developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in later life. However, underlying mechanisms and potential intervention strategies are poorly defined. Here we demonstrate that male Wistar rats exposed to a low-protein diet in utero that had a low birth weight but then underwent postnatal catch-up growth (recuperated offspring) had reductions in the insulin signaling proteins p110-β (13% ± 6% of controls [P < .001]) and insulin receptor substrate-1 (39% ± 10% of controls [P < .05]) in adipose tissue. These changes were not accompanied by any change in expression of the corresponding mRNAs, suggesting posttranscriptional regulation. Recuperated animals displayed evidence of a proinflammatory phenotype of their adipose tissue with increased IL-6 (139% ± 8% [P < .05]) and IL1-β (154% ± 16% [P < .05]) that may contribute to the insulin signaling protein dysregulation. Postweaning dietary supplementation of recuperated animals with coenzyme Q (CoQ10) (1 mg/kg of body weight per day) prevented the programmed reduction in insulin receptor substrate-1 and p110-β and the programmed increased in IL-6. These findings suggest that postweaning CoQ10 supplementation has antiinflammatory properties and can prevent programmed changes in insulin-signaling protein expression. We conclude that CoQ10 supplementation represents an attractive intervention strategy to prevent the development of insulin resistance that results from suboptimal in utero nutrition.
Emergence of spatial behavioral function and associated mossy fiber connectivity and c-Fos labeling patterns in the hippocampus of rats
Authors: Comba Rachel , Gervais Nicole , Mumby Dave , Holahan Matthew
Published: July 2015

Improvement on spatial tasks is observed during a late, postnatal developmental period (PND18 – PND24).  The purpose of the current work was 1) to determine whether the emergence of spatial-behavioral function was based on the ability to generate appropriate behavioral output; 2) to assess whether mossy fiber connectivity patterns preceded the emergence of spatial-behavioral function; 3) to explore functional changes in the hippocampus to determine whether activity in hippocampal networks occurred in a training-dependent or developmentally-dependent fashion.  To these ends, male, Long Evans rats were trained on a spatial water or dry maze task for one day (PND16, PND18 or PND20) then euthanized.  Training on these 2 tasks with opposing behavioral demands (swimming versus exploration) was hypothesized to control for behavioral topology.  Only at PND20 was there evidence of spatial-behavioral function for both tasks.  Examination of synaptophysin staining in the CA3 region (i.e., mossy fiber projections) revealed enhanced connectivity patterns that preceded the emergence of spatial behavior.  Analysis of c-Fos labeling (functional changes) revealed developmentally-dependent increases in c-Fos positive cells in the dentate gyrus, CA3 and CA1 regions whereas training-dependent increases were noted in the CA3 and CA1 regions for the water-maze trained groups.  Results suggest that changes in mossy fiber connectivity in association with enhanced hippocampal functioning precede the emergence of spatial behavior observed at PND20.  The combination of neuroanatomical and behavioural results confirms the hypothesis that this time represents a sensitive period for hippocampal development and modification and the emergence of spatial/ cognitive function.
Russian Economy Development Mechanisms with the Use of Hedge Funds’ Opportunities
Authors: Смирнов  , Smirnov F.
Published: July 2015

Some mechanisms of Russian economy development based on financial institutions’ capacity attraction (in

particular hedge funds’ opportunities) for the purpose of national economy’s systemically important branches strengthening

are considered in this paper.
Community Patent To A New Development Strategy Objectives Of The Union
Authors: Niklewicz-Pijaczyńska Małgorzata
Published: July 2015

The article discusses issues related to the issue of EU patent system and its importance to the realization of a central pillar of the innovative EU as a foundation of Contemporary Knowledge-Based Economy. It also points to the need to unify and strengthen the protection of industrial property rights. In addition, the article is characterizes steps towards the harmonization of rules and the barriers towards the establishment of an EU patent. The conclusions of the article mainly indicate the need to intensify work on this issue because without effective protection of inventions and technical ideas of completed statutory grounds, it will be impossible to fully realize the idea of so-called Innovation Union
Modern Approach To Organizational Resources Based On The Example Of The Elbląg Furniture Cluster
Authors: Kućmański Rafał
Published: July 2015

The Lisbon Strategy, which is implementing a new type of economic policy, is intended to change the economy of the European Union into a knowledge-based economy which will be the most competitive economy in the world. This should lead to sustainable economic growth by, among other things, providing a bigger number of better jobs and greater social cohesion. The issues of the development of competitiveness and innovativeness in European regions, which have their roots in the Lisbon Strategy and have transformed into the Regional Innovation Strategies, have become increasingly popular and significant. One of the tools facilitating this development is undoubtedly the cluster. The purpose of the present article is to outline new approaches to the world economy. It also presents an innovative dimension of co-operation as well as various forms of organizing contemporary entrepreneurship.
Flexibility Of Human Resources In Creating Company's Positive Potential
Authors: Bednarska-Wnuk Izabela
Published: July 2015

New concepts are more and more frequently applied in improving human resources management. It is the result of dynamic changes in the environment, as well as the necessity of searching for the ‘golden mean’ of managing a company. One of such means in Positive Organizational Scholarship, originating from positive psychology. Its focal points are human beings and their mental well-being, as well as evoking positive emotions in a workplace. The aim of the article is presenting Positive Organizational Scholarship and describing human resources in terms of flexibility as the primary criterion for creating a company’s positive potential. The author, basing on theoretical arguments concludes that it is the flexibility that allows employees to adjust to the current conditions of their environment.
Characterisation of human prostate epithelial progenitor differentiation in response to androgens
Authors: Heer R
Published: July 2015

INTRODUCTION

A stem cell model of prostate cancer tumourigenesis explains progression to castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and offers novel perspectives in targeting this cancer in its more advanced forms. Androgen receptor (AR) regulated pathways are central mechanisms in progression to CRPC. However, AR was thought to be lacking in prostate stem cell enriched fractions. Potential low levels of AR expression in stem cell enriched cells were investigated and potential direct effects of androgen were examined.

METHODS

Human prostate stem cell enriched populations, based on high α2β1 integrin expression (α2β1hi), were selected from primary human prostate tissue in men undergoing transurethral prostatectomy or cystoprostatectomy. Effects on differentiation were assayed with flow cytometry using differentiation-specific markers.

RESULTS

Low levels of AR were demonstrable in α2β1hi cells following inhibition of the proteasome using MG132. Furthermore, a direct effect of androgen was shown in stabilising/inducing AR expression. Androgen treatment of α2β1hi cells was associated with the induction of differentiation using a number of differentiation-specific markers (prostatic acid phosphatase, cytokeratin 18 and AR) with increases ranging from 49% to 67% (p<0.05). These effects were blocked with the AR-specific inhibitor bicalutamide (p<0.05). These data support a role of direct androgen activity on stem cell enriched cells in the prostate and the implications of these findings are discussed.
Early and Long-Term Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Liver Resection and Diaphragm Excision for Advanced Colorectal Liver Metastases
Authors: Lordan Jeffrey T , Riga Angela , Worthington Tim R , Karanjia Nariman D
Published: July 2015

INTRODUCTION

At present, liver resection offers the best long-term outcome and only chance for cure in patients with colorectal liver metastases. However, there are no large series that report the early and long-term outcomes of patients who require simultaneous diaphragm excision. This study was designed to investigate these patients.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

A total of 285 consecutive liver resections were performed over a 10-year period. Of these, 258 had liver resections alone and 27 underwent liver resection and simultaneous diaphragm excision. Data were collected prospectively and analysed retrospectively. Pre-operative assessment was standardised. The outcomes between the two groups were compared.

RESULT

There was no difference in age, hospital stay or intra-operative blood loss. The diaphragm was histologically involved in four out of 27 resections. As a result, the cancer involved resection margin incidence was greater in the liver resection and diaphragm excision group (14.8% versus 3.9%; P = 0.12). The median tumour size was also different between the two groups (60 mm versus 30 mm; P = 0.001). The liver and diaphragm resection group had a greater peri-operative complication rate (44.4% versus 21.3%; P = 0.02) and mortality (7.4% versus 1.6%; P = 0.25). Overall and disease-free survival was significantly worse in the group who underwent simultaneous diaphragm excision and liver resection (P = 0.04 and P = 0.005, respectively). Diaphragm invasion was found to be an independent predictor of poor overall outcome (P = 0.02).

CONCLUSION

Liver resection and simultaneous diaphragm excision have a greater incidence of peri-operative morbidity and mortality and a significantly worse long-term outcome compared with liver resection alone. However, these data suggest that liver resection in the presence of diaphragm invasion may still offer a favourable outcome compared with chemotherapy treatment alone. Therefore, we believe that diaphragm involvement by tumour should not be a contra-indication to hepatectomy.
Management of fracture-dislocation of the lower cervical spine with the cervical pedicle screw system
Authors: Zhou Feng , Zou Jun , Gan Minfeng , Zhu Ruofu , Yang Huilin
Published: July 2015

INTRODUCTION

Usually, cervical pedicle screw fixation has been considered too risky for neurovascular structures. The purpose of this study was to investigate the method and efficacy of the cervical pedicle screw system for fracture-dislocation of the cervical spine because of its rigid fixation.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

A prospective study was conducted involving 48 patients with cervical spine fracture-dislocation who underwent cervical pedicle screw fixation surgery between January 2003 and January 2007. All patients had various degrees of cord injury, and they were classified according to the American Spinal Cord Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale: 18 cases were grade A, 15 grade B, 10 grade C, and 5 grade D.

RESULTS

Six months after the operation, all patients had achieved solid bony fusion and stable fixation of the related segments. Thirty patients with incomplete spinal cord injury improved their ASIA Impairment Scale classification by 1 to 2 grades after the operation. Eighteen patients with complete spinal cord injury had no improvement in neural function. However, nerve root symptoms such as pain and numbness were alleviated to some extent.

CONCLUSIONS

The cervical pedicle screw system is an effective and reliable method for the restoration of cervical stability. Sufficient pre-operative imaging studies of the pedicles and strict screw insertion technique should be emphasised.
How accurately does a simulation glove reflect function compared to rheumatoid arthritis sufferers?
Authors: Hall TC , Nixon MF , Dias JJ , Graham T , Cook S
Published: July 2015

INTRODUCTION

This study assessed the ability of gloves to simulate rheumatoid arthritis of the hand.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS

Assessments were made in the dominant hand of 24 healthy volunteers with no glove, glove A (simulating stiffness only) and glove B (simulating stiffness and pain). Results were compared to data held on 23 rheumatoid arthritis patients. Sollerman score was used as a standardised measure of hand function and time taken to complete testing was recorded. Grip strength was also measured in volunteers.

RESULTS

Both gloves simulate a reduction in power and prolong time taken to complete Sollerman hand-function testing. The gloves are less able to simulate a matched reduction in function when compared to rheumatoid arthritis sufferers. Sollerman score is 9.7% less in rheumatoid arthritis hands than a healthy volunteer using the glove.

CONCLUSIONS

The glove could, therefore, be used to guide future design of tools and aides that accommodate for hand disorders. More work on the usefulness of such disease simulation in the design of tools for such patients is needed.
Schein’s Common Sense: Prevention and Management of Surgical Complications
Authors: Schein Moshe , Rogers Paul N , Leppäniemi Ari , Rosin Danny
Published: July 2015

If you would like to submit a book to the Annals for review, please send two copies to: Publications Department, The Royal College of Surgeons of England, 35–43 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PE. Book reviews are published at the discretion of the editor.
A meta-analysis of fast track surgery for patients with gastric cancer undergoing gastrectomy
Authors: Chen S , Zou Z , Chen F , Huang Z , Li G
Published: July 2015

Introduction

This meta-analysis evaluated the safety and efficacy of fast track surgery (FTS) for patients with gastric cancer undergoing gastrectomy.

Methods

Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published between 1 January 1995 and 21 June 2013 comparing FTS with conventional perioperative care for patients with gastric cancer undergoing gastrectomy were identified in the PubMed, Embase™ and Cochrane Library databases, and were analysed systematically using RevMan software (Nordic Cochrane Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark).

Results

Seven RCTs (524 patients) were analysed. Compared with conventional perioperative care, FTS treatment with/without laparoscopy was associated with shorter postoperative hospitalisation, less hospitalisation expenditure (both p<0.00001), less pain and better quality of life. Short-term morbidity and readmission rates did not differ between treatments. No incidents of death occurred during the short-term follow-up period.

Conclusions

In patients with gastric cancer undergoing gastrectomy, the FTS pathway reduces the length and cost of postoperative hospitalisation while maintaining short-term morbidity, readmission and mortality rates comparable with those of conventional care.
The law is an ass: legal and ethical issues surrounding the bleaching of young patients’ discoloured teeth
Authors: Kelleher Martin
Published: July 2015

Dentists in general, but paediatric dentists in particular, have important ethical and legal duties of care to young patients. When it comes to considering dental bleaching for young people in the UK there are some serious dilemmas that arise from various European Community (EC) directives and from the (somewhat flawed) thinking behind them. This article seeks to interrogate this troubling position and expose some of the more curious scenarios created by this complex regulatory environment. One of the big questions that needs to be addressed honestly and more openly is ‘are dentists who follow these regulations without question and to the letter at real risk of compromising their greater and over-riding ethical duty of proper care for their younger patients?’
Dento-legal aspects of non-surgical facial aesthetic procedures
Authors: Lewis Kevin
Published: July 2015

There is a wide spectrum of views as to whether or not registered dentists should be getting involved in the provision of facial aesthetic procedures at all, and if so to what extent and how it should be managed from a regulatory perspective. This article will limit itself to the more commonly used injectable materials, explain some of the dento-legal considerations, compare and contrast the approach taken by a selection of different regulators around the world, and conclude with some observations on the subject of professional indemnity for these procedures.
Finite element analysis and dentistry
Authors: Hammond Douglas , Whitty Justin
Published: July 2015

Finite element analysis (FEA) uses a computerised model to enable a material or model to be artificially stressed or analysed for specific material properties. FEA has been used in industry but is now being used more frequently in medicine and dentistry. It enables the design of new products and also allows for product refinement. This process makes it possible to verify a proposed design prior to what may be an expensive manufacturing process. It may also be able to determine why an existing product design has failed.