bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tetradecacobalt(II)‐Containing 36‐Niobate [Co14(OH)16(H2O)8Nb36O106]20− and Its Photocatalytic H2 Evolution Activity
Authors: Niu Jingyang , Li Fang , Zhao Junwei , Ma Pengtao , Zhang Dongdi , Bassil Bassem , Kortz Ulrich , Wang Jingping
Published: July 2014

A gigantic Co14‐containing 36‐niobate, Na12K8[Co14(OH)16(H2O)8Nb36O106]⋅71H2O (1), has been prepared by the hydrothermal method and structurally characterized. Polyanion [Co14(OH)16(H2O)8Nb36O106]20− (1 a) comprises a central Co7 core, surrounded by another seven isolated Co2+ ions and six Lindqvist‐type (Nb6O19) hexaniobate fragments. This is the first example of a high‐nuclear cobalt‐cluster‐containing polyoxoniobate. The photocatalytic H2 evolution activity of Pt‐loaded 1 was observed in methanol solution under irradiation using a 300 W Xe lamp.
Natural Product Synthesis at the Interface of Chemistry and Biology
Authors: Hong Jiyong
Published: July 2014

Nature has evolved to produce unique and diverse natural products that possess high target affinity and specificity. Natural products have been the richest sources for novel modulators of biomolecular function. Since the chemical synthesis of urea by Wöhler, organic chemists have been intrigued by natural products, leading to the evolution of the field of natural product synthesis over the past two centuries. Natural product synthesis has enabled natural products to play an essential role in drug discovery and chemical biology. With the introduction of novel, innovative concepts and strategies for synthetic efficiency, natural product synthesis in the 21st century is well poised to address the challenges and complexities faced by natural product chemistry and will remain essential to progress in biomedical sciences.
Semisynthesis of a Post‐Translationally Modified Protein by Using Chemical Cleavage and Activation of an Expressed Fusion Polypeptide
Authors: Okamoto Ryo , Kimura Motoharu , Ishimizu Takeshi , Izumi Masayuki , Kajihara Yasuhiro
Published: July 2014

Herein, we describe a new semisynthetic strategy of a post‐translationally modified protein in which the middle region is glycosylated. We designed a single‐plasmid coding for a fusion polypeptide, which can provide both an N‐terminal α‐thioester and a C‐terminal cysteine peptide of a target glycoprotein by using chemical‐cleavage and activation methods. The use of these resultant peptide derivatives resulted in the successful synthesis of N‐glycosylated‐interleukin 13.
tert‐Butyl Nitrite Mediated Regiospecific Nitration of (E)‐Azoarenes through Palladium‐Catalyzed Directed CH Activation
Authors: Majhi Biju , Kundu Debasish , Ahammed Sabir , Ranu Brindaban C.
Published: July 2014

An efficient protocol for the Pd‐catalyzed regiospecific ortho‐nitration of (E)‐azoarenes has been achieved for the first time using tBuONO as a nitrating agent under atmospheric oxygen. A series of both symmetrical and unsymmetrical azoarenes were nitrated efficiently by this procedure providing excellent chemo‐ and regioselectivity and compatibility with a broad array of functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure and Superconductivity of BaIr2Ge7 and Ba3Ir4Ge16 with Two‐Dimensional Ba—Ge Networks.
Authors: Ishida Shigeyuki , et al. et al.
Published: July 2014

The title compounds are characterized by combined crystal structure and transport studies using single crystal samples.
ChemInform Abstract: Edge Nonlinear Optics on a MoS2 Atomic Monolayer.
Authors: Yin Xiaobo , Ye Ziliang , Chenet Daniel A. , Ye Yu , O'Brien Kevin , Hone James C. , Zhang Xiang
Published: July 2014

One‐dimensional nonlinear optical edge states of a single atomic membrane of MoS2 epitaxially grown by chemical vapor deposition are observed by second harmonic generation measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid Synthesis of LiFePO4 by Coprecipitation.
Authors: Huang Chaochao , Ai Desheng , Wang Li , He Xiangming
Published: July 2014

LiFePO4 nanoplates as cathode material for rechargeable lithium ion batteries are prepared by coprecipitation from ethylene glycol solutions of LiOH·H2O, FeSO4·7H2O, and H3PO4 with a molar ratio of 3:1:1.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxygen Incorporation into Infinite‐Layer Structure AFeO2 (A: Sr or Ca).
Authors: Matsumoto Kazuya , Kan Daisuke , Ichikawa Noriya , Hosokawa Saburo , Kageyama Hiroshi , Shimakawa Yuichi
Published: July 2014

Oxygen incorporation into the title compounds is investigated by XRD and thermogravimetry.
ChemInform Abstract: Two Tetra‐CdII‐Substituted Vanadogermanate Frameworks.
Authors: Zhou Jian , Zhao Jun‐Wei , Wei Qi , Zhang Jie , Yang Guo‐Yu
Published: July 2014

The new compounds (IV) and (V) crystallize isotypically in the tetragonal space group P4/mnc with Z = 2 (powder and single crystal XRD).
ChemInform Abstract: Cation Control of Diastereoselectivity in Iridium‐Catalyzed Allylic Substitutions. Formation of Enantioenriched Tertiary Alcohols and Thioethers by Allylation of 5H‐Oxazol‐4‐ones and 5H‐Thiazol‐4‐ones.
Authors: Chen Wenyong , Hartwig John F.
Published: July 2014

Enantioselective Ir‐catalyzed allylation of substituted oxazolones occurs with high diastereoselectivity by employing the corresponding zinc enolates.
ChemInform Abstract: Regiocontrolled Ring Opening of Monoprotected 2,3‐Epoxy‐1,4‐diols by Using Alkynyl Aluminum Reagents: Synthesis of Differentially Monoprotected Alkynyl Triol Derivatives.
Authors: Prieto Jose A. , Torres Jaileen Rentas , Rodriguez‐Berrios Raul
Published: July 2014

The reaction of epoxy‐alcohols of type (I) and (V) with aluminum alkynes is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual Orthogonality in the Cleavage Process of Closely Related Chelating Protecting Groups for Carboxylic Acids by Using Different Metal Ions.
Authors: Mundinger Stephan , Jakob Uwe , Bannwarth Willi
Published: July 2014

The novel protecting groups are developed to allow a highly chemoselective cleavage in a stepwise and orthogonal fashion by using different metal salts.
ChemInform Abstract: Continuous Flow Synthesis of α‐Halo Ketones: Essential Building Blocks of Antiretroviral Agents.
Authors: Pinho Vagner D. , Gutmann Bernhard , Miranda Leandro S. M. , de Souza Rodrigo O. M. A. , Kappe C. Oliver
Published: July 2014

A highly efficient continuous flow process for the synthesis of α‐halo ketones is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Preparation of Apically Substituted Diamondoid Derivatives.
Authors: Kahl Paul , Tkachenko Boryslav A. , Novikovsky Anatoliy A. , Becker Jonathan , Dahl Jeremy E. P. , Carlson Robert M. K. , Fokin Andrey A. , Schreiner Peter R.
Published: July 2014

An effective three‐step sequence for the synthesis of monohydroxy diamantane, triamantane, and [12]tetramantane derivatives via monosilylation of diols is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: A Robust, Moisture‐ and Air‐Stable Phosphine Mono‐Ylide Palladacycle Precatalyst: A Simple and Highly Efficient System for Mizoroki—Heck Reactions.
Authors: Sabounchei Seyyed Javad , Ahmadi Mohsen , Azizi Tayebeh , Panahimehr Mohammad
Published: July 2014

The title catalyst shows high catalytic activity in cross‐coupling reactions of styrene and ethyl acrylate with aryl bromides and chlorides.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Benzannulation of 5‐Hydroxy‐3‐oxoalk‐6‐ynoate Esters to o‐Phenolic Esters.
Authors: Teo Wan Teng , Rao Weidong , Ng Charmaine Jia Huan , Koh Shaun Wei Yong , Chan Philip Wai Hong
Published: July 2014

An advantage of the reported method consists in the mild reaction conditions which do not require the exclusion of air or moisture.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Nucleophilic Fluoromethylation of Aryl Ketones: Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Chiral α‐Fluoro Carbanions.
Authors: Shen Xiao , Miao Wenjun , Ni Chuanfa , Hu Jinbo
Published: July 2014

The reaction proceeds with excellent stereocontrol at the chiral fluorinated carbon center, which is attributed to a dynamic kinetic resolution of the chiral α‐fluoro carbanions.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Propargylic Bromides with Sodium Sulfinates.
Authors: Chang Meng‐Yang , Wu Ming‐Hao
Published: July 2014

The reaction of propargylic bromides with sodium arylsulfinates in the presence of Pd‐C and Bu4NF is described to give 2,3‐bissulfonylpropenes (III) or (V) in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(II) Complexes Bearing 2‐(1H‐Imidazol/oxazol‐2‐yl)‐pyridines: Synthesis, Structures and Ligand Effects in Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling.
Authors: Eseola Abiodun Omokehinde , Geibig Daniel , Goerls Helmar , Sun Wen‐Hua , Hao Xiang , Woods Joseph Anthony Orighomisan , Plass Winfried
Published: July 2014

A series of hemilabile 2‐(imidazol‐2‐yl)pyridine and 2‐(oxazol‐2‐yl)pyridine palladium ligands are synthesized, characterized, and their catalytic properties in high‐temperature Suzuki—Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions are investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: The Photoredox‐Catalyzed Meerwein Addition Reaction: Intermolecular Amino‐Arylation of Alkenes.
Authors: Prasad Hari Durga , Hering Thea , Koenig Burkhard
Published: July 2014

A variety of amides are efficiently accessible under mild conditions by intermolecular amino‐arylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Schiff Base Complex of Pd(II) Supported on Superparamagnetic Fe3O4@SiO2 Nanoparticles and Its Application as an Efficient Copper‐ and Phosphine Ligand‐Free Recyclable Catalyst for Sonogashira—Hagihara Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Esmaeilpour Mohsen , Sardarian Ali Reza , Javidi Jaber
Published: July 2014

The heterogeneous catalyst is easily removed by means of an external magnet and reused six times without significant loss of activity.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel 1,2,4‐Triazine‐Functionalized Polystyrene Resin‐Supported Pd(II) Complex: A Copper‐ and Solvent‐Free Highly Efficient Catalyst for Sonogashira Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Bakherad Mohammad , Bahramian Bahram , Jajarmi Saeideh
Published: July 2014

The synthesis and characterisation of the heterogeneous catalyst is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted Naphthalenes from α‐Substituted Ketones and 1,2‐Bis(halomethyl)benzenes Including a Rearrangement Aromatization of Benzo[c]oxepine.
Authors: Wang Jungang , Xiang Jiachen , Wang Miao , Guan Jie , Wu Anxin
Published: July 2014

A facile metal‐catalyst‐free protocol allows the synthesis of cyano‐, sulfonyl‐, and phosphoryl‐substituted naphthalene derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactivity of 4‐Amino‐Substituted Furfurals.
Authors: Erdenebileg Uranbaatar , Hoestmark Inger , Polden Karina , Sydnes Leiv K.
Published: July 2014

The title compounds can be readily functionalized via Wittig‐type reactions (not shown).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Antibacterial, and Antifungal Activities of Imidazo[2,1‐c][1,2,4]triazoles and 1,2,4‐Triazolo[4,3‐a]pyrimidinones.
Authors: Aouali Monia , Allouche Fatma , Zouari Imen , Mhalla Dhekra , Trigui Mohamed , Chabchoub Fakher
Published: July 2014

Compound (IIIc) is found to exhibit strong antibacterial and moderate antifungal activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of 5′′‐Chloro‐N‐ [(5,6‐dimethoxypyridin‐2‐yl)methyl] ‐2,2′:5′,3′′‐terpyridine‐3′‐carboxamide (MK‐1064): A Selective Orexin 2 Receptor Antagonist (2‐SORA) for the Treatment of Insomnia.
Authors: Roecker Anthony J. , et al. et al.
Published: July 2014

The development of title compound (I), one of the most potent and selective orexin 2 antagonists (2‐SORA) reported to date, is described including SAR study.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Nuevamine Aza‐Analogues by Combined Use of an Oxidative Ugi Type Reaction and Aza‐Diels—Alder Cycloaddition.
Authors: Islas‐Jacome Alejandro , Gutierrez‐Carrillo Atilano , Garcia‐Garibay Miguel A. , Gonzalez‐Zamora Eduardo
Published: July 2014

The convenient one‐pot sequence for the synthesis of the title species includes IBX‐mediated oxidation of amine (I) followed by isonitrile α‐addition, aza‐Diels—Alder cycloaddition, dehydration, and decarboxylation.
ChemInform Abstract: 6‐Carbohydrazonamidepurines: Convenient Precursors for 4,8‐Disubstituted Pyrimido[5,4‐d]pyrimidines.
Authors: Rocha Ashly , Bacelar Ana H. , Fernandes Joana , Proenca M. Fernanda , Carvalho M. Alice
Published: July 2014

The precursors (III) mentioned in the title are prepared from 6‐imidatopurines with hydrazides.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,6‐Difunctionalization of N‐Substituted Dithienothiazines via Dilithiation.
Authors: Dostert Catherine , Czajkowski Daniel , Mueller Thomas J. J.
Published: July 2014

The regioselective 2‐mono‐ and 2,6‐difunctionalization of dithienothiazines is accomplished via lithiation followed by electrophilic trapping.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh(I)‐Catalyzed Borylation of Primary Alkyl Chlorides.
Authors: Gong Tian‐Jun , Jiang Yuan‐Ye , Fu Yao
Published: July 2014

The first example of Rh‐catalyzed borylation of unactivated alkyl chlorides is given.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhenium‐Mediated Dehydrogenative Silylation and Highly Regioselective Hydrosilylation of Nitrile Substituted Olefins.
Authors: Dong Hailin , Jiang Yanfeng , Berke Heinz
Published: July 2014

The rhenium‐catalyzed hydrosilylation of substituted olefins and acrylonitriles affords α‐addition products with high regioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Silyl Polyenol Ethers by Carbonyl Olefination of Silyl Esters.
Authors: Takeda Takeshi , Fukada Tatsuya , Tsubouchi Akira
Published: July 2014

The reagent Ti(Cp)2(P(O‐Et)3)2 is prepared in situ from Cp2TiCl2 and P(O‐Et)3.
ChemInform Abstract: Non‐Pyrolytic, Large‐Scale Synthesis of Trichalcogenasumanene: A Two‐Step Approach.
Authors: Li Xuexiang , Zhu Yongtao , Shao Jiafeng , Wang Baolin , Zhang Shangxi , Shao Yongliang , Jin Xiaojie , Yao Xiaojun , Fang Ran , Shao Xiangfeng
Published: July 2014

A high‐yielding multigram‐scale synthesis of trichalcogenasumanenes (III) and (V) from triphenylene (I) using a non‐pyrolytic cyclization and solventless ring‐contraction conditions is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Limonoids with an Oxygen Bridge Between C(1) and C(29) from the Seeds of a Krishna Mangrove, Xylocarpus granatum.
Authors: Li Min‐Yi , Xiao Qiang , Satyanandamurty Tirumani , Wu Jun
Published: July 2014

Ten limonoids (I)‐(VI), named granatumins L‐U are isolated from the seeds of an Indian mangrove, Xylocarpus granatum.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (+)‐Perillyl Alcohol from (+)‐Limonene.
Authors: Geoghegan Kimberly , Evans Paul
Published: July 2014

Compound (I) is prepared in 39% overall yield in a four step synthesis starting from commercially available (+)‐limonene.
ChemInform Abstract: Formal Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Cladoniamide G.
Authors: Ngernmeesri Paiboon , Soonkit Sarochar , Konkhum Anothai , Kongkathip Boonsong
Published: July 2014

A new synthesis of the bisindole precursor (I) from 3‐methoxyindole by Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Chiral Pool Synthesis of 9‐epi‐Decarestrictine‐D (I), Decarestrictine‐D (II) and O (III).
Authors: Vamshikrishna Kuchena , Srinu Garlapati , Srihari Pabbaraja
Published: July 2014

The title compounds are synthesized from L‐diethyl tartrate.
ChemInform Abstract: C—H Bond Functionalization Through Intramolecular Hydride Transfer
Authors: Haibach Michael C. , Seidel Daniel
Published: July 2014

Review: [recent progress and key historical contributions; 110 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Reductive Cyclization Reactions to Bicyclic Compounds Using Samarium Diiodide
Authors: Tori Motoo , Sono Masakazu
Published: July 2014

Review: [38 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Interconversion of CO2 and Formic Acid by Bio‐Inspired Ir Complexes with Pendent Bases
Authors: Fujita Etsuko , Muckerman James T. , Himeda Yuichiro
Published: July 2014

Review: 62 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Trifluoromethylation and Trifluoromethylthiolation Reactions Using (Trifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane as a Nucleophilic CF3 Source
Authors: Chu Lingling , Qing Feng‐Ling
Published: July 2014

Review: 88 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium Metal Nanoparticles in Hydrogenation: Influence of Phosphorus‐Ligands
Authors: Tschan M. J.‐L. , Diebolt O. , van Leeuwen P. W. N. M.
Published: July 2014

Review: 75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Mediated Direct Arylation of Azole Compounds
Authors: Hirano Koji , Miura Masahiro
Published: July 2014

Review: 110 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Isolation, Structural Determination, and Synthetic Approaches Toward Amphidinol 3
Authors: Bensoussan Charlelie , Rival Nicolas , Hanquet Gilles , Colobert Francoise , Reymond Sebastien , Cossy Janine
Published: July 2014

Review: 167 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Organic Frameworks as Selective or Chiral Oxidation Catalysts
Authors: Leus Karen , Liu Ying‐Ya , Van Der Voort Pascal
Published: July 2014

Review: 133 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzannulated Homologues of Cyclopentadienide as Ligands in Organometallic Chemistry
Authors: Pammer F. , Thiel W. R.
Published: July 2014

Review: 218 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: PSiP‐Pincer Type Palladium‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Borylation of Alkenes and 1,3‐Dienes
Authors: Kirai Naohiro , Iguchi Shoichiro , Ito Tatsuyoshi , Takaya Jun , Iwasawa Nobuharu
Published: July 2014

Review: [42 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2‐Bis(ferrocenyl)dipnictenes: Bimetallic Systems with a Pn=Pn Heavy π‐Spacer (Pn: P, Sb, and Bi)
Authors: Sakagami Michiyasu , Sasamori Takahiro , Sakai Heisuke , Furukawa Yukio , Tokitoh Norihiro
Published: July 2014

Review: [29 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of “Click” Chemistry to the Construction of Supramolecular Functional Systems
Authors: Xu Liang , Li Yongjun , Li Yuliang
Published: July 2014

Review: [79 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in 4(3H)‐Quinazolinone Syntheses
Authors: He Lin , Li Haoquan , Chen Jianbin , Wu Xiao‐Feng
Published: July 2014

Review: 71 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocyclic Terpenes: Linear Furano‐ and Pyrroloterpenoids
Authors: Wang Bin , Wang Lishu , Li Yinglei , Liu Yonghong
Published: July 2014

Review: literature published from January 2006 to December 2013; 180 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Isomerization‐Hydroformylation Tandem Reactions
Authors: Vilches‐Herrera Marcelo , Domke Lutz , Boerner Armin
Published: July 2014

Review: 237 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzimidazole‐Biologically Attractive Scaffold for Protein Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Singla Prinka , Luxami Vijay , Paul Kamaldeep
Published: July 2014

Review: [119 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Phytohormones in Regulation of the Cell Division and Endoreduplication Process in the Plant Cell Cycle
Authors: Tank Jigna G. , Pandya Rohan V. , Thaker Vrinda S.
Published: July 2014

Review: 121 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Optimizing and Fabricating Magnetocaloric Materials
Authors: Liu Jian
Published: July 2014

Review: 71 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Valorization of Agroindustrial Solid Residues and Residues from Biofuel Production Chains by Thermochemical Conversion: a Review, Citing Brazil as a Case Study
Authors: Virmond E. , Rocha J. D. , Moreira R. F. P. M. , Jose H. J.
Published: July 2014

Review: 225 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Measurements of Particle—Surface Interactions in Aqueous Solutions with Total Internal Reflection Microscopy
Authors: Gong Xiangjun , Wang Zhaohui , Ngai To
Published: July 2014

Review: 89 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transmission Electron Microscopy Applied to Fuel Cell Materials Characterization
Authors: Soldati Analia L. , Baque Laura , Garces Diana , Mogni Liliana , Montenegro‐Hernandez Alejandra , Napolitano Federico , Granada Mara , Troiani Horacio E.
Published: July 2014

Review: 44 refs.
Localization and characterization of val‐opsin isoform‐expressing cells in the brain of adult zebrafish
Authors: Hang Chong Yee , Kitahashi Takashi , Parhar Ishwar S.
Published: July 2014

In addition to vision, light information is used to regulate a range of animal physiology. Such nonimage‐forming functions of light are mediated by nonvisual photoreceptors expressed in distinct neurons in the retina and the brain in most vertebrates. A nonvisual photoreceptor vertebrate ancient long opsin (VAL‐opsin) possesses two functional isoforms in the zebrafish, encoded by valopa and valopb, which has received little attention. To delineate the neurochemical identities of valop cells and to test for colocalization of the valop isoforms, we used in situ hybridization to characterize the expression of the valop genes along with that of neurotransmitters and a neuropeptide known to be present at the sites of valop expression. Double labeling showed that the thalamic valop population coexpresses valopa and valopb. All the thalamic valop cells overlapped with a GABAergic cell mass that continues from the anterior nucleus to the intercalated thalamic nucleus. A novel valopa cell population found in the superior raphe was serotonergic in nature. A valopb cell population in the Edinger‐Westphal nucleus was identified as containing thyrotropin‐releasing hormone. Valopb cells localized in the hindbrain intermediate reticular formation were noncholinergic in nature (nonmotorneurons). Thus, the presence of valop cell populations in different brain regions with coexpression of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides and the colocalization of valop isoforms in the thalamic cell population indicate regulatory and functional complexity of VAL‐opsin in the brain of the zebrafish. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:3847–3860, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dynamics of nascent and active zone ultrastructure as synapses enlarge during long‐term potentiation in mature hippocampus
Authors: Bell Maria Elizabeth , Bourne Jennifer N. , Chirillo Michael A. , Mendenhall John M. , Kuwajima Masaaki , Harris Kristen M.
Published: July 2014

Nascent zones and active zones are adjacent synaptic regions that share a postsynaptic density, but nascent zones lack the presynaptic vesicles found at active zones. Here dendritic spine synapses were reconstructed through serial section electron microscopy (3DEM) and EM tomography to investigate nascent zone dynamics during long‐term potentiation (LTP) in mature rat hippocampus. LTP was induced with theta‐burst stimulation, and comparisons were made with control stimulation in the same hippocampal slices at 5 minutes, 30 minutes, and 2 hours post‐induction and to perfusion‐fixed hippocampus in vivo. Nascent zones were present at the edges of ∼35% of synapses in perfusion‐fixed hippocampus and as many as ∼50% of synapses in some hippocampal slice conditions. By 5 minutes, small dense‐core vesicles known to transport active zone proteins moved into more presynaptic boutons. By 30 minutes, nascent zone area decreased, without significant change in synapse area, suggesting that presynaptic vesicles were recruited to preexisting nascent zones. By 2 hours, both nascent and active zones were enlarged. Immunogold labeling revealed glutamate receptors in nascent zones; however, average distances from nascent zones to docked presynaptic vesicles ranged from 170 ± 5 nm in perfusion‐fixed hippocampus to 251 ± 4 nm at enlarged synapses by 2 hours during LTP. Prior stochastic modeling suggests that decrease in glutamate concentration reduces the probability of glutamate receptor activation from 0.4 at the center of release to 0.1 just 200 nm away. Thus, conversion of nascent zones to functional active zones likely requires the recruitment of presynaptic vesicles during LTP. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:3861–3884, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adult stem cells in the knifefish cerebellum
Authors: Sîrbulescu Ruxandra F. , Ilieş Iulian , Vitalo Antonia G. , Trull Krystal , Zhu Jenny , Traniello Ian M. , Zupanc Günther K.H.
Published: July 2014

Adult neurogenesis has been described in dozens of brain regions in teleost fish, with the largest number of new neurons being generated in the cerebellum. Here, we characterized the cerebellar neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) in the brown ghost knifefish (Apteronotus leptorhynchus), an established model system of adult neurogenesis. The majority of the new cerebellar cells arise from neurogenic niches located medially, at the interface of the dorsal/ventral molecular layers and the granular layer. NSPCs within these niches give rise to transit‐amplifying progenitors which populate the molecular layer, where they continue to proliferate during their migration toward target areas in the granular layer. At any given time, the majority of proliferating cells are located in the molecular layer. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the stem cell markers Sox2, Meis1/2/3, Islet1, and, to a lesser extent, Pax6, are widely expressed in all regions of the adult cerebellum. A large subpopulation of these NSPCs coexpress S100, GFAP, and/or vimentin, indicating astrocytic identity. This is further supported by the specific effect of the gliotoxin l‐methionine sulfoximine, which leads to a targeted decrease in the number of GFAP+ cells that coexpress Sox2 or the proliferation marker PCNA. Pulse‐chase analysis of the label size associated with new cells after administration of 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine demonstrated that, on average, two additional cell divisions occur after completion of the initial mitotic cycle. Overall numbers of NSPCs in the cerebellum niches increase consistently over time, presumably in parallel with the continuous growth of the brain. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 75: 39–65, 2015
Independent evolution of Fc‐ and Fab‐mediated HIV‐1‐specific antiviral antibody activity following acute infection
Authors: Dugast Anne‐Sophie , Stamatatos Leonidas , Tonelli Andrew , Suscovich Todd J. , Licht Anna F. , Mikell Iliyana , Ackerman Margaret E. , Streeck Hendrik , Klasse P. J. , Moore John P. , Alter Galit
Published: July 2014

Fc‐related antibody activities, such as antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), or more broadly, antibody‐mediated cellular viral inhibition (ADCVI), play a role in curbing early SIV viral replication, are enriched in human long‐term infected nonprogressors, and could potentially contribute to protection from infection. However, little is known about the mechanism by which such humoral immune responses are naturally induced following infection. Here, we focused on the early evolution of the functional antibody response, largely driven by the Fc portion of the antibody, in the context of the evolving binding and neutralizing antibody response, which is driven mainly by the antibody‐binding fragment (Fab). We show that ADCVI/ADCC‐inducing responses in humans are rapidly generated following acute HIV‐1 infection, peak at approximately 6 months postinfection, but decay rapidly in the setting of persistent immune activation, as Fab‐related activities persistently increase. Moreover, the loss of Fc activity occurred in synchrony with a loss of HIV‐specific IgG3 responses. Our data strongly suggest that Fc‐ and Fab‐related antibody functions are modulated in a distinct manner following acute HIV infection. Vaccination strategies intended to optimally induce both sets of antiviral antibody activities may, therefore, require a fine tuning of the inflammatory response.
Increased frequency and function of KIR2DL1–3+ NK cells in primary HIV‐1 infection are determined by HLA‐C group haplotypes
Authors: Körner Christian , Granoff Mitchell E. , Amero Molly A. , Sirignano Michael N. , Vaidya Sagar A. , Jost Stephanie , Allen Todd M. , Rosenberg Eric S. , Altfeld Marcus
Published: July 2014

The acquisition and maintenance of NK‐cell function is mediated by inhibitory killer‐cell immunoglobulin‐like receptors (KIRs) through their interaction with HLA class I molecules. Recently, HLA‐C expression levels were shown to be correlated with protection against multiple outcomes of HIV‐1 infection; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. As HLA‐C is the natural ligand for the inhibitory receptors KIR2DL1 and KIR2DL2/3, we sought to determine whether HLA‐C group haplotypes affect NK‐cell responses during primary HIV‐1 infection. The phenotypes and functional capacity of NK cells derived from HIV‐1‐positive and HIV‐1‐negative individuals were assessed (N = 42 and N = 40, respectively). HIV‐1 infection was associated with an increased frequency of KIR2DL1–3+ NK cells. Further analysis showed that KIR2DL1+ NK cells were selectively increased in individuals homozygous for HLA‐C2, while HLA‐C1‐homozygous individuals displayed increased proportions of KIR2DL2/3+ NK cells. KIR2DL1–3+ NK cells were furthermore more polyfunctional during primary HIV‐1 infection in individuals also encoding for their cognate HLA‐C group haplotypes, as measured by degranulation and IFN‐γ and TNF‐α production. These results identify a novel relationship between HLA‐C and KIR2DL+ NK‐cell subsets and demonstrate that HLA‐C‐mediated licensing modulates NK‐cell responses to primary HIV‐1 infection.
Electric‐Field Effects on Trimeric Mixed‐Valence Clusters
Authors: Klokishner Sophia I. , Roman Marianna A. , Reu Oleg S.
Published: July 2014

The manifestations of an external direct current (dc) electric field on the magnetic and polarizability characteristics of trimeric CuII–CuII–CuIII mixed‐valence clusters were examined. The temperature and field dependence of the magnitude of the mean dipole moment as well as of its components were calculated, and the anisotropy of the cluster polarizability was predicted. The low‐temperature limit of the cluster magnetic moment is determined by the competition between the tunneling and Heisenberg interactions and the interactions with the external electric field. The transition between two paramagnetic states of the cluster caused by the interaction with the electric field leads to the nontrivial field dependence of the magnetic moment. The external electric field offers a unique possibility to manipulate the polarizability and magnetic characteristics of trimeric mixed‐valence clusters.
A novel type of gas‐liquid contactor for post‐combustion capture cost reduction
Authors: Wardhaugh Leigh T. , Allport Andrew , Solnordal Christopher B. , Feron Paul H.M.
Published: July 2014

A novel gas‐liquid contactor based on a rotating continuous thin liquid sheet is proposed for use in post‐combustion CO2 capture processes. This rotating liquid sheet (RLS) contactor is capable of providing a surface area equivalent to that of a packed column but without any packing material in the column. A small‐diameter axially located tube provides the liquid feed to the column through thin slots shaped in the form of helices or angled blades and designed in such a way as to create a continuous angled sheet of liquid. Rotation of this device causes the gas to be pumped through the contactor column at velocities comparable to that seen in conventional packed columns.

The RLS contactor has the advantage of reducing or eliminating the need for external flue gas pumping, reducing entrainment of liquid droplets and the potential to utilize a wider range of capture solvent viscosities. An optimized design of the new contactor would result in a 30% reduction in the major equipment capital costs for post‐combustion CO2 capture and a 25% reduction in electrical power requirement. Capital cost reduction occurs as a result of eliminating the packing, reducing or eliminating the need for external flue gas pumping, and in vessel size reduction. Ongoing experimental and modeling work using computational fluid dynamics is addressing scale‐up issues and the development of an optimized design.© 2014 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Synthesis of Bis(arylethynyl) Selenides by One‐Pot Protocol
Authors: Zhu Yun‐Xing , Zhao Zi‐Jian , Zhang Yang , Su Qiong , Peng Zhi‐Hong , An De‐Lie
Published: July 2014

An efficient method without using terminal arylacetylenes as substrates for the synthesis of bis(arylethynyl) selenides 1 (ArCCSeCCAr) was described, and a series of compounds 1a−1m have been obtained by a one‐pot three‐step strategy from the corresponding bis(arylethanonyl) selenides. The mechanism was identified through trapping and characterization of a key intermediate 2a, and an elimination using it directly. The results from experiments indicated that the reaction procedure involves the formation of the enol phosphate and a subsequent base‐induced elimination.
Hippo‐YAP signaling pathway: A new paradigm for cancer therapy
Authors: Ma Yanlei , Yang Yongzhi , Wang Feng , Wei Qing , Qin Huanlong
Published: July 2014

In the past decades, the Hippo signaling pathway has been delineated and shown to play multiple roles in the control of organ size in both Drosophila and mammals. In mammals, the Hippo pathway is a kinase cascade leading from Mst1/2 to YAP and its paralog TAZ. Several studies have demonstrated that YAP/TAZ is a candidate oncogene and that other members of the Hippo pathway are tumor suppressive genes. The dysregulation of the Hippo pathway has been observed in a variety of cancers. This review chronicles the recent progress in elucidating the function of Hippo signaling in tumorigenesis and provide a rich source of potential targets for cancer therapy.
Red and blue shifted hydridic bonds
Authors: Jabłoński Mirosław
Published: July 2014

By performing MP2/aug‐cc‐pVTZab initiocalculations for a large set of dimer systems possessing a RH hydridic bond involved in diverse types of intermolecular interactions (dihydrogen bonds, hydride halogen bonds, hydride hydrogen bonds, and charge‐assisted hydride hydrogen bonds), we show that this is rather an elongation than a shortening that a hydride bond undergoes on interaction. Contrary to what might have been expected on the basis of studies in uniform electric field, this elongation is accompanied by a blue instead of red shift of the RH stretching vibration frequency. We propose that the “additional” elongation of the RH hydridic bond results from the significant charge outflow from the sigma bonding orbital of RH that weakens this bond. The more standard red shift obtained for stronger complexes is explained by means of the Hermansson's formula and the particularly strong electric field produced by the H‐acceptor molecule. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Advances in chiral separations of small peptides by capillary electrophoresis and chromatography
Authors: Ali Imran , Al‐Othman Zeid A. , Al‐Warthan Abdulrahman , Asnin Leonid , Chudinov Alexander
Published: July 2014

Many chemical and biological processes are controlled by the stereochemistry of small polypeptides (di‐, tri‐, tetra‐, penta‐, hexapeptides, etc). The biological importance of peptide stereoisomers is of great value. Therefore, the chiral resolution of peptides is an important issue in biological and medicinal sciences and drug industries. The chiral resolutions of peptide racemates have been discussed with the use of capillary electrophoresis and chromatographic techniques. The various chiral selectors used were polysaccharides, cyclodextrins, Pirkle types, macrocyclic antibiotics, crown ethers, imprinted polymers, etc. The stereochemistry of dipeptides is also discussed. Besides, efforts are made to explain the chiral recognition mechanisms, which will be helpful in understanding existing and developing new stereoselective analyses. Future perspectives of enantiomeric resolution are also predicted. Finally, the review concludes with the demand of enantiomeric resolution of all naturally occurring and synthetic peptides.
Two‐year, randomized, controlled study of safinamide as add‐on to levodopa in mid to late Parkinson's disease
Authors: Borgohain Rupam , Szasz Jozsef , Stanzione Paolo , Meshram Chandrashekhar , Bhatt Mohit H. , Chirilineau Dana , Stocchi Fabrizio , Lucini Valentina , Giuliani Rodolfo , Forrest Emma , Rice Patricia , Anand Ravi ,   the Study 018 Investigators
Published: July 2014

In a 6‐month double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study of Parkinson's disease patients with motor fluctuations, safinamide 50 and 100 mg/d significantly increased ON‐time without increasing dyskinesia. Further long‐term safinamide use in these patients was evaluated over an additional 18 months. Patients continued on their randomized placebo, 50, or 100 mg/d safinamide. The primary endpoint was change in Dyskinesia Rating Scale total score during ON‐time over 24 months. Other efficacy endpoints included change in ON‐time without troublesome dyskinesia, changes in individual diary categories, depressive symptoms, and quality of life measures. Change in Dyskinesia Rating Scale was not significantly different in safinamide versus placebo groups, despite decreased mean total Dyskinesia Rating Scale with safinamide compared with an almost unchanged score in placebo. Ad hoc subgroup analysis of moderate to severe dyskinetic patients at baseline (36% of patients) showed a decrease with safinamide 100 mg/d compared with placebo (P = 0.0317). Improvements in motor function, activities of daily living, depressive symptoms, clinical status, and quality of life at 6 months remained significant at 24 months. Adverse events and discontinuation rates were similar with safinamide and placebo. This 2‐year, controlled study of add‐on safinamide in mid‐to‐late Parkinson's disease with motor fluctuations, although not demonstrating an overall difference in dyskinesias between patients and controls, showed improvement in dyskinesia in patients at least moderately dyskinetic at baseline. The study additionally demonstrated significant clinical benefits in ON‐time (without troublesome dyskinesia), OFF‐time, activities of daily living, motor symptoms, quality of life, and symptoms of depression. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Prevalence and risk factors of depressive disorder in caregivers of patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Lee Yu , Lin Pao‐Yen , Chien Chih‐Yen , Fang Fu‐Min
Published: July 2014

Objective

The purpose of this study is to examine the prevalence and risk factors of depressive disorder in caregivers of patients with head and neck cancer.

Methods

Study subjects were recruited from a multidisciplinary outpatient clinic for head and neck cancer in a medical center from February to July 2012. Caregivers of patients with head and neck cancer were enrolled and assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM‐IV, Clinician Version, the Short Form 36 Health Survey, and the Family APGAR index. The main aim of the study was to examine the difference in demographic data and clinical characteristics between the caregivers with and without depressive disorders. In addition, a stepwise forward model of logistic regression was used to test the possible risk factors.

Results

One hundred and forty‐three caregivers were included in the study. The most prevalent psychiatric disorder was depressive disorder (14.7%), followed by adjustment disorder (13.3%). Nearly one‐third of the caregivers had a psychiatric diagnosis. By using logistic regression analysis, it was found that unemployment (odds ratio (OR) = 3.16; 95% CI, 1.04–9.68), lower social functioning (OR = 1.43; 95% CI, 1.18–1.72), and lower educational level (OR = 1.16; 95% CI, 1.01–1.34) were significant risk factors for the depressive disorder.

Conclusions

The clinical implication of our results is the value of using the standardized structured interview for early diagnosis of depressive disorder in caregivers of head and neck cancer patients. Early screening and management of depression in these caregivers will raise their quality of life and capability to care patients. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sleep pathology characterization in sickle cell disease: Case–control study
Authors: Mascarenhas Maria Inês , Loureiro Helena Cristina , Ferreira Teresa , Dias Alexandra
Published: July 2014

Background

Children and adolescents with sickle cell disease (SCD) have a higher incidence of sleep pathology and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). The nocturnal hypoxemia is a risk to vaso‐occlusive crisis among other SCD morbidities. Our aim was to compare polysomnography (PSG) results in a sample of children with SCD with a sample of children with suspected OSAS without SCD.

Design and Methods

A retrospective study compared clinical and PSG parameters. A descriptive analysis and t‐test were done considering P < 0.05 as significant.

Results

PSG was done in 65 children with SCD and 65 control‐children. Control sample was selected to be equal to SCD sample considering gender (53.8% were male), age (mean age was 9.4 years (SD ± 4.6) and AHI (mean 3.57 events/hr).

Mean efficiency, latency and percentage of sleep phases in both groups showed no statistically significant differences. Mean SpO2 and minimum SpO2 were lower in SCD group and it was statistically significant (P < 0.01). Enuresis was more frequent in the SCD children group (35.4% vs. 6.2%, P < 0.01).

Conclusion

Comparing children with and without SCD, sleep architecture was similar in both groups and minimum SpO2 was significantly lower in SCD children although both groups had a similar AHI. This is an important issue in these children, so it is essential to have a sleep evaluation in order to prevent complications and co‐morbidities. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:396–401. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Review on Liver Inflammation and Antiinflammatory Activity of Andrographis paniculata for Hepatoprotection
Authors: Chua Lee Suan
Published: July 2014

Till to date, the advancement of medical science and technology is still unable to provide inclusive treatment to liver inflammation caused by neither microbial invasion nor antibiotics nor environmental toxins. Therefore, this article provides the basic knowledge of liver inflammation up to the cellular level and its current medical treatment for inflammatory symptom suppression. Because of the adverse effects of drug treatment, people start looking for comprehensive alternative nowadays. Herbal medicine is believed to be the best of choice because it is being practiced until now for centuries. Although numerous herbal plants have been reported for their efficacies in liver protection, Andrographis paniculata is the most widely used herb for hepatoprotection, particularly in Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine. This review covers the significant observation on the biochemical responses due to the experimental induction of liver damage in vitro and in vivo using the marker compound of the herb, namely andrographolide and its derivatives. The standardized extract of A. paniculata with the right phytochemical composition of diterpenic labdanes is likely to have tremendous potential for the development of hepatoprotective medicine. This standardized herbal medicine may not provide immediate remedy, but it can be considered as a comprehensive therapy for liver inflammation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Interdisciplinary Approach to Understanding Readiness for University Partnerships
Authors: Hancock Lua
Published: July 2014

Modern American higher education has blurred lines and roles of academic affairs, student affairs, and enrollment professionals. In a climate that pushes us to be assessment‐driven, collaborative, outcomes‐orientated, and student‐centered, it is key that we have tools to clearly analyze our own campus culture and structures. Many of the areas that we teach in the higher education setting, such as cross‐cultural theory and business process, can prove helpful when applied to our own campuses. These theoretical frames can assist higher education practitioners to make genuine assessments as to campus readiness for change and create solid plans for how to achieve next goals.
Syntheses and Characterization of Cyanide‐Bridged Bimetallic Compounds Zn(terpy)(H2O)M(CN)4 (terpy = 2,2′:6′,2′′‐ter­pyridine; M = Ni, Pd, Pt) with Linear Chains
Authors: Chen Ying‐Ying , Hu Ai‐Yun , Shen Meng‐Qi , Tian Xiao‐Yan , Zhou Hu
Published: July 2014

The self‐assembly reaction of zinc ions with tetracyanometalates in the presence of the tridentate chelated ligand 2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine (terpy) yielded three cyanide‐bridged bimetallic compounds of general formula Zn(terpy)(H2O)M(CN)4 [M = Ni (1), Pd (2), Pt (3)]. Compounds 1–3 were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. Single‐crystal XRD analysis revealed that compounds 1–3 are isostructural and the structure consists of [Zn(terpy)(H2O)]2+ moieties and [M(CN)4]2– units linked alternatively to generate a one‐dimensional (1D) linear chain. The chains are further connected together through hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking interactions, forming a 3D supramolecular network. IR spectroscopic analysis indicated the presence of cyanide groups and terpy ligands in the structure. TG and powder XRD results showed that compounds 1–3 have higher thermal stabilities and exhibited irreversible for desorption/resorption of one coordinated water molecule.
A Substituent Change Exerts a Large Dimensionality and Water Tetramer Morphology Difference in Luminescent Cadmium Succinate Coordination Polymers Containing 3‐Pyridylnicotinamide
Authors: Spies Henry J. , LaDuca Robert L.
Published: July 2014

Hydrothermal reaction of cadmium nitrate and the conformationally flexible dipyridine 3‐pyridylnicotinamide (3‐pna) with a substituted succinic acid derivative afforded a pair of crystalline coordination polymers, whose dimensionality depends critically on the number of 2‐position methyl groups on the acid precursor. The two new crystalline extended metal‐organic solids were structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. {[Cd(msuc)(3‐pna)]·2H2O}n (1) (msuc = 2‐methylsuccinate) manifests [Cd(msuc)]n layer motifs that contain {Cd2(OCO)2} dimeric units, linked into a non‐interpenetrated 3D 6‐connected pcu network by tethering anti‐conformation 3‐pna ligands. {[Cd2(dmsuc)2(3‐pna)2]·1.5H2O}n (2) (dmsuc = 2,2‐dimethylsuccinate) shows 1D [Cd(dmsuc)]n ribbons containing {Cd2O2} dimeric units. In turn these are connected into 2D [Cd2(dmsuc)2(3‐pna)2]n layer motifs via anti‐conformation 3‐pna linkers; the layers are decorated by pendant monodentate 3‐pna ligands. The subtle steric variance alters the supramolecular environment for co‐crystallized water molecule tetramers, with a discrete chain seen in 1 and a cyclic ring in 2. Thermal and luminescent properties of these two new materials are also presented.
Amniopatch: Way Forward for Mid-trimester Premature Rupture of Membranes (PROM)
Authors: Gupta Ashutosh , Aneja Anjila , Arora Rupam , Sheghal Renu , Gupta Pooja
Published: July 2014

Fetal membranes are essential for the maintenance of sterile intrauterine milieu for proper fetal growth and development. Chronic infection and inflammation may lead to progressive stretching, hardening of the membranes, making them less elastic and more susceptible to premature rupture of membranes (PROM). PROM is associated with fetal morbidity and mortality which is inversely proportional to the period of gestation. Amniopatch even though still in experimental stages to be an established treatment for PROM, is a formidable treatment modality which has shown to seal the chorioamniotic leak and prolonging the pregnancy with improved fetal outcome. With increasing intrauterine fetal interventions both diagnostic (amniocentesis) and therapeutic (fetoscopy), amniopatch is an option for persistent amniotic fluid leakage which has shown to effectively seal the chorioamniotic leak in about two-third of the cases.
International note: Prevailing with extracurricular activities in an alcohol‐dominated environment: Sex differences in resilience among middle school youth
Authors: Habib Elana L. , Zimmerman Marc A. , Ostaszewski Krzysztof
Published: July 2014

Extracurricular involvement creates an outlet for adolescents to gain skills and resources that assist them in overcoming certain risks. Resiliency theory is applied to study the promotive effects of extracurricular activity involvement as this may help Polish youth overcome risks for alcohol use. Our data include 2903, 13 and 14 year old Polish adolescents. We use regression analysis to test the main and interaction effects of extracurricular involvement after adjusting for demographics and social influences. Sex differences are examined within the resilience framework. We found protective effects of extracurricular involvement for males, but only a compensatory effect for females. Implications for future research and intervention are discussed.