bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multifunctional Ion‐Sensitive Floating Gate Fin Field‐Effect Transistor with Three‐Dimensional Nanoseaweed Structure by Glancing Angle Deposition Technology
Authors: Shen Ying‐Chun , Wang Chien‐Ping , Liou Kun‐Lin , Tan Po‐Hung , Wang Yi‐Chung , Wu Shu‐Chi , Yang Tzu‐Yi , Yu Yi‐Jen , Chiang Tsung‐Yu , Chih Yue‐Der , Chang Jonathan , Shih Jiaw‐Ren , Lin Chrong Jung , King Ya‐Chin , Chueh Yu‐Lun
Published: November 2021

A multifunctional ion‐sensitive floating gate Fin field‐effect transistor (ISFGFinFET) for hydrogen and sodium detection is demonstrated. The ISFGFinFET comprises a FGFET and a sensing film, both of which are used to detect and improve sensitivity. The sensitivity of the ISFGFinFET can be adjusted by modulating the coupling effect of the FG. A nanoseaweed structure is fabricated via glancing angle deposition (GLAD) technology to obtain a large sensing area to enhance the sensitivity for hydrogen ion detection. A sensitivity of 266 mV per pH can be obtained using a surface area of 3.28 mm2. In terms of sodium ion detection, a calix[4]arene sensing film to monitor sodium ions, obtaining a Na+sensitivity of 432.7 mV per pNa, is used. In addition, the ISFGFinFET demonstrates the functionality of multiple ions detection simultaneously. The sensor arrays composed of 3×3 pixels are demonstrated, each of which comprise of an FGFET sensor and a transistor. Furthermore, 16×16 arrays with a decoder and other peripheral circuits are constructed and simulated. The performance of the proposed ISFGFinFET is competitive with that of other state‐of‐the‐art ion sensors.
Human Antimicrobial Peptide Triggered Colloidal Transformations in Bacteria Membrane Lipopolysaccharides
Authors: Hong Linda , Gontsarik Mark , Amenitsch Heinz , Salentinig Stefan
Published: November 2021

Growing concerns of bacterial resistance against conventional antibiotics shifts the research focus toward antimicrobial peptide (AMP)‐based materials. Most AMPs kill gram‐negative bacteria by destroying their inner membrane, but have to first pass the outer membrane covered with lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Their interplay with the LPS is crucial for bactericidal activity, but is yet to be elucidated in detail. In this study, self‐assemblies of Escherichia coli LPS with the human cathelicidin AMP LL‐37, free and encapsulated into glyceryl monooleate (GMO) lipid nanoparticles, are analyzed using synchrotron small angle X‐ray scattering, dynamic light scattering, and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. Circular dichroism spectroscopy is used to study modifications in LL‐37's secondary structure. LPS is found to form elongated micelles and the addition of LL‐37 induces their transformation to multilamellar structures. LPS’ addition to GMO cubosomes triggers the swelling of the internal cubic structure, while in multilamellar GMO/LL‐37 nanocarriers it causes transitions into unstructured particles. The insights on the interactions among LPS and LL‐37, in its free form or encapsulated in GMO dispersions, may guide the design of LPS‐responsive antimicrobial nanocarriers. The findings may further assist the formulation of antimicrobial nanomaterials with enhanced penetration of LPS layers for improved destruction of bacterial membranes.
Selenocystine and Photo‐Irradiation Directed Growth of Helically Grooved Gold Nanoarrows
Authors: Wen Xin , Wang Song , Liu Rulin , Duan Ran , Hu Song , Jiao Tifeng , Zhang Li , Liu Minghua
Published: November 2021

The fabrication of discrete nanostructures with both plasmonic circular dichroism (PCD) and chiral features is still a challenge. Here, gold nanoarrows (GNAs) with both chiroptical responses and chiral morphologies are achieved by using L‐selenocystine (L‐SeCys2) as a chiral inducer. While L‐SeCys2 generates GNAs with a weak PCD signal, the irradiated L‐SeCys2 (irr‐L‐SeCys2) leads to GNAs with featured helical grooves (HeliGNAs) accompanying with a strong PCD signal. It is revealed that when L‐SeCys2 is photo‐irradiated, the emergence of selenyl radicals plays an important role in the formation of HeliGNAs and enhancement of the chiroptical signal. In comparison with L‐SeCys2 and the other kinds of sulfur‐containing amino acids, the formation mechanism of helical grooves on the surface of GNAs is proposed. Both HeliGNAs and GNAs are used to discriminate amino acids by utilizing surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect. In the presence of either GNAs or HeliGNAs as the substrate, Fmoc‐L‐Phe shows more significant SERS than Fmoc‐D‐Phe. This study may advance the design of discrete plasmonic nanomaterials with both chiral morphology and potential applications in discrimination of chiral molecules.
On Demand Sequential Release of (Sub)Micron Particles Controlled by Size and Temperature
Authors: Liu Yue , Gould Oliver E. C. , Kratz Karl , Lendlein Andreas
Published: November 2021

Polymeric devices capable of releasing submicron particles (subMP) on demand are highly desirable for controlled release systems, sensors, and smart surfaces. Here, a temperature‐memory polymer sheet with a programmable smooth surface served as matrix to embed and release polystyrene subMP controlled by particle size and temperature. subMPs embedding at 80 °C can be released sequentially according to their size (diameter D of 200 nm, 500 nm, 1 µm) when heated. The differences in their embedding extent are determined by the various subMPs sizes and result in their distinct release temperatures. Microparticles of the same size (D ≈ 1 µm) incorporated in films at different programming temperatures Tp (50, 65, and 80 °C) lead to a sequential release based on the temperature‐memory effect. The change of apparent height over the film surface is quantified using atomic force microscopy and the realization of sequential release is proven by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The demonstration and quantification of on demand subMP release are of technological impact for assembly, particle sorting, and release technologies in microtechnology, catalysis, and controlled release.
An Orthogonal Covalent Connector System for the Efficient Assembly of Enzyme Cascades on DNA Nanostructures
Authors: Kröll Sandra , Rabe Kersten S. , Niemeyer Christof M.
Published: November 2021

Combining structural DNA nanotechnology with the virtually unlimited variety of enzymes offers unique opportunities for generating novel biocatalytic devices. However, the immobilization of enzymes is still restricted by a lack of efficient covalent coupling techniques. The rational re‐engineering of the genetically fusible SNAP‐tag linker is reported here. By replacing five amino acids that alter the electrostatic properties of the SNAP_R5 variant, up to 11‐fold increased coupling efficiency with benzylguanine‐modified oligonucleotides and DNA origami nanostructures (DON) was achieved, resulting in typical occupancy densities of 75%. The novel SNAP_R5 linker can be combined with the equally efficient Halo‐based oligonucleotide binding tag (HOB). Since both linkers exhibit neither cross‐reactivity nor non‐specific binding, they allowed orthogonal assembly of an enzyme cascade consisting of the stereoselective ketoreductase Gre2p and the cofactor‐regenerating isocitrate dehydrogenase on DON. The cascade showed approximately 1.6‐fold higher activity in a stereoselective cascade reaction than the corresponding free solubilized enzymes. The connector system presented here and the methods used to validate it represent important tools for further development of DON‐based multienzyme systems to investigate mechanistic effects of substrate channeling and compartmentalization relevant for exploitation in biosensing and catalysis.
Near‐Infrared II Plasmonic Phototheranostics with Glutathione Depletion for Multimodal Imaging‐Guided Hypoxia‐Tolerant Chemodynamic‐Photocatalytic‐Photothermal Cancer Therapy Triggered by a Single Laser
Authors: Shan Beibei , Liu Huyun , Li Linhu , Lu Yaxuan , Li Ming
Published: November 2021

Tumor microenvironment (TME)‐activatable phototheranostics is highly desirable in cancer management but still remains challenging for clinical applications owing to the lack of multifunctional theranostic agents and the limited tissue penetration depth. Reported here is an “all‐in‐one” phototheranostic platform based on near‐infrared II (NIR‐II) dual‐plasmonic Au@Cu2−xSe core‐shell nanocrystals (dpGCS NCs) for combined photoacoustic (PA)/photothermal (PT) imaging‐guided chemodynamic therapy (CDT)/photocatalytic therapy (PCT)/photothermal therapy (PTT) all triggered by a single NIR‐II laser. The dpGCS NCs feature excellent NIR‐II plasmonic and PT properties, which guarantee their capabilities of NIR‐II PA and PT imaging for real‐time visual observation of tumor size and location during cancer treatment. Additionally, the TME‐activated in situ •OH production via dpGCS NC‐catalyzed Fenton‐like reaction is further enhanced by the NIR‐II irradiation, while photoexcited plasmonic hole‐induced formation of extra •OH is also evidenced for PCT. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments confirm remarkable therapeutic efficacy of the present phototheranostic platform under NIR‐II laser through the CDT/PCT/PTT trimodal combination therapy, achieving complete inhibition of tumor growth in tumor‐bearing mice after administration of dpGCS NCs plus a single NIR‐II laser irradiation. This work provides a distinctive paradigm for the development of NIR‐II phototheranostic platforms for imaging‐guided cancer therapy using a single laser.
Formation of {100} Subgrain Variants and Σ3 Variants During Phase Transformation of Columnar Grains in Electrical Steel: Texture Memory and Variant Selection
Authors: Wu Xiaolong , Jiang Weining , Yang Ping , Gu Xinfu
Published: November 2021

The columnar grains are composed of near‐{100} subgrain variants, Σ3 variants, and untransformed coarse columnar grains. As the Si content increases from 0.35% to 1%, the untransformed columnar grains are remarkably reduced, but the {100} subgrain variants still exist significantly. The phase transformation strain induced by {100} subgrain variants is large, while that induced by small equiaxed grains, which conform to Σ3 relationship with columnar grains, is lower. During the twice‐phase transformations, even if the variants appear randomly, the probability of occurrence of the {100} variants is 33.3%. Moreover, the {100} subgrain variants mainly appear as single variants because the phase transformation strain of the single variant, which is independent of orientation, is higher than that of the variant pair. Although the strain energy of the {100} subgrains has no advantage, the low‐angle grain boundary interface energy is lower than other high‐angle grain boundaries except for Σ3, which contributes to the appearance of the {100} subgrain variants. The appearance of the Σ3 relationships is to reduce the overall energy, rather than the simple strain accommodation behavior between variants. Beyond that, the actual phase transformation does not follow the strict K−S relationship.
A Copper Iodide Cluster‐Based Metal–Organic Polyhedra for Photocatalytic Click Chemistry
Authors: Wu Yao , Xie Mo , Jin Ji-Kang , Zhang Zhi-Yin , Hu Han , Tian You-Ping , Xiao Yu-Qing , Ning Guo-Hong , Li Dan , Jiang Xuanfeng
Published: November 2021

Self‐assembly from versatile inorganic secondary building units (SBUs) is an important strategy for constructing metal–organic compounds with sophisticated structures and desired functionality. Herein, a copper(I) iodide cluster‐based metal–organic polyhedra (MOP) (Cu3I3)4L1
4 (1) (L

1
 = 1,3,5‐trispyridylsulfanylethyl)‐2,4,6‐triethylbenzene, 2‐mercaptopyridine) is synthesized. Due to the abnormal geometry of [Cu3I3] SBUs, MOP 1 exhibits a half‐truncated cube topology, which is rarely observed up to date. Compared with commonly used metal ion or clusters, the coordination bond between the [Cu3I3] SBU and the ligand are rather labile in solution evidenced by the theoretical calculations and experimental results. Interestingly, the liable [Cu3I3] SBU endows MOP 1 to photocatalyze the azide–alkyne cycloaddition reaction in aqueous solution with high efficiency, excellent tolerance (>80% isolated yield for 18 examples), and good recyclability. The mechanistic studies reveal a photoinduced electron transfer from the MOP to azide, which is unusual in copper‐catalyzed click reactions.
Tailoring Oxygen Vacancy of Co3O4 Microcubes by Annealing Co3[Co(CN)6]2 Template in Air for Ultrasensitive Humidity Mapping
Authors: Yu Haixia , Guo Chuanyu , Zhang Xianfa , Cheng Xiaoli , Xu Yingming , Gao Shan , Huo Lihua
Published: November 2021

Improving sensitivity under low humidity is highly desirable for the applications of humidity sensors in robotics, intelligent prosthetics, and human–machine interfaces, etc. Herein, by using K3[Co(CN)6] as a single‐source precursor, the Co3[Co(CN)6]2 microcubes were synthesized, which can keep the morphology in temperature range of 380–880 °C as annealed in air. Benefited from the ultrahigh structural stability of the Co3[Co(CN)6]2, the oxygen vacancy in the derived Co3O4 products can be controllably fabricated through altering calcination temperature. The oxygen vacancy‐abundant Co3O4 products displayed significantly enhanced response under low humidity (0–6%RH), and thus were applied in scanning a series of water areas to map the humidity distribution. This work presents a promising strategy on rationally designing humidity sensing materials via oxygen defect engineering and provides more possibilities for the application of low‐cost humidity sensors in some emerging fields.
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification in cancer stem cells
Authors: Ma Zhonghua , Ji Jiafu
Published: November 2021

Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a unique subset of undifferentiated cells with stem cell-like properties, have emerged as driving forces in mediating tumor growth, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Recent advances have highlighted that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification plays an important role in cancer biology and CSCs. Dynamic m6A decoration has been demonstrated to be involved in CSC generation and maintenance, governing cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. In this review, we provide the first overview of the current knowledge of m6A modification implicated in CSCs and their impact on CSC properties, tumor progression, and responses to treatment. We also highlight the potential of m6A machinery as novel targets for cancer therapeutics. The involvement of m6A modification in CSCs provides a new direction for exploring cancer pathogenesis and inspires the development of effective strategies to fully eliminate both cancer cells and CSCs.
CD44+ cells determine fenofibrate-induced microevolution of drug-resistance in prostate cancer cell populations
Authors: Wróbel Tomasz , Luty Marcin , Catapano Jessica , Karnas Elżbieta , Szczygieł Małgorzata , Piwowarczyk Katarzyna , Ryszawy Damian , Drabik Grażyna , Zuba-Surma Ewa , Siedlar Maciej , Madeja Zbigniew , Elas Martyna , Czyż Jarosław
Published: November 2021

Combinations of metabolic blockers (including fenofibrate) with chemotherapeutic drugs interfere with the drug-resistance of prostate cancer cells. However, their effect on cancer stem cells-dependent microevolution of prostate cancer malignancy remains unaddressed. Here, we hypothesize that the combined docetaxel/fenofibrate treatment prompts the selective expansion of cancer stem cells that affects the microevolution of their progenies. Accordingly, we adapted a combined in vitro/in vivo approach to identify biological and therapeutic consequences of this process. Minute subpopulations of docetaxel-resistant CD133high and/or CD44high cancer stem cell-like (SCL) cells were found in prostate cancer DU145 and PC3 cell populations. When pretreated with docetaxel, they readily differentiated into docetaxel-resistant CD44negative “bulk” cells, thus accounting for the microevolution of drug-resistant cell lineages. Combined docetaxel/fenofibrate treatment induced the generation of poly(morpho)nuclear giant cells and drug-resistant CD44high SCL cells. However, the CD44negative offspring of docetaxel- and docetaxel/fenofibrate-treated SCLs remained relatively sensitive to the combined treatment, while retaining enhanced resistance to docetaxel. Long-term propagation of drug-resistant SCL-derived lineages in the absence of docetaxel/fenofibrate resulted in their reverse microevolution toward the drug-sensitivity and invasive phenotype. Consequently, prostate tumors were able to recover from the combined docetaxel/fenofibrate stress after the initial arrest of their expansion in vivo. In conclusion, we have confirmed the potential of fenofibrate for the metronomic treatment of drug-resistant prostate tumors. However, docetaxel/fenofibrate-induced selective expansion of hyper-resistant CD44high SCL prostate cells and their “bulk” progenies prompts the microevolution of prostate tumor drug-resistance. This process can limit the implementation of metabolic chemotherapy in prostate cancer treatment.
Exosome-educated macrophages and exosomes differentially improve ligament healing
Authors: Chamberlain Connie S. , Kink John A. , Wildenauer Linzie A. , McCaughey Maxwell , Henry Katie , Spiker Andrea M. , Halanski Matthew A. , Hematti Peiman , Vanderby Ray
Published: November 2021

Recently, our group used exosomes from mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) to simulate an M2 macrophage phenotype, that is, exosome-educated macrophages (EEMs). These EEMs, when delivered in vivo, accelerated healing in a mouse Achilles tendon injury model. For the current study, we first tested the ability of EEMs to reproduce the beneficial healing effects in a different rodent model, that is, a rat medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury model. We hypothesized that treatment with EEMs would reduce inflammation and accelerate ligament healing, similar to our previous tendon results. Second, because of the translational advantages of a cell-free therapy, exosomes alone were also examined to promote MCL healing. We hypothesized that MSC-derived exosomes could also alter ligament healing to reduce scar formation. Similar to our previous Achilles tendon results, EEMs improved mechanical properties in the healing ligament and reduced inflammation, as indicated via a decreased endogenous M1/M2 macrophage ratio. We also showed that exosomes improved ligament remodeling as indicated by changes in collagen production and organization, and reduced scar formation but without improved mechanical behavior in healing tissue. Overall, our findings suggest EEMs and MSC-derived exosomes improve healing but via different mechanisms. EEMs and exosomes each have attractive characteristics as therapeutics. EEMs as a cell therapy are terminally differentiated and will not proliferate or differentiate. Alternatively, exosome therapy can be used as a cell free, shelf-stable therapeutic to deliver biologically active components. Results herein further support using EEMs and/or exosomes to improve ligament healing by modulating inflammation and promoting more advantageous tissue remodeling.
Sequestration of eIF4A by angiomotin: A novel mechanism to restrict global protein synthesis in trophoblast cells
Authors: Basak Trishita , Dey Amit Kumar , Banerjee Rachana , Paul Sandip , Maiti Tushar Kanti , Ain Rupasri
Published: November 2021

Enrichment of angiomotin (AMOT) in the ectoplacental cone of E7.5 murine placenta prompted our investigation on the role of AMOT in trophoblast differentiation. We show here that AMOT levels increased in mouse placenta during gestation and also upon induction of differentiation in trophoblast stem cell ex vivo. Proteomic data unravelling AMOT-interactome in trophoblast cells indicated a majority of AMOT interactors to be involved in protein translation. In-depth analysis of AMOT-interactome led to identification of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A (eIF4A) as the most plausible AMOT interactor. Loss of function of AMOT enhanced, whereas, gain in function resulted in decline of global protein synthesis in trophoblast cells. Bioinformatics analysis evaluating the potential energy of AMOT-eIF4A binding suggested a strong AMOT-eIF4A interaction using a distinct groove encompassing amino acid residue positions 238 to 255 of AMOT. Co-immunoprecipitation of AMOT with eIF4A reaffirmed AMOT-eIF4A association in trophoblast cells. Deletion of 238 to 255 amino acids of AMOT resulted in abrogation of AMOT-eIF4A interaction. In addition, 238 to 255 amino acid deletion of AMOT was ineffective in eliciting AMOT's function in reducing global protein synthesis. Interestingly, AMOT-dependent sequestration of eIF4A dampened its loading to the m7-GTP cap and hindered its interaction with eIF4G. Furthermore, enhanced AMOT expression in placenta was associated with intrauterine growth restriction in both rats and humans. These results not only highlight a hitherto unknown novel function of AMOT in trophoblast cells but also have broad biological implications as AMOT might be an inbuilt switch to check protein synthesis in developmentally indispensable trophoblast cells.
IRF7 suppresses hematopoietic regeneration under stress via CXCR4
Authors: Chen Ying-Ying , Liu Yu-Feng , Liu Yong-Dong , Deng Xiao-Hui , Zhou Jie
Published: November 2021

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) maintain quiescence under steady state; however, they are compelled to proliferate and expand to replenish the blood system under stress. The molecular basis underlying stress hematopoiesis remains to be fully understood. In this study, we reported that IRF7 represents an important regulator of stress hematopoiesis. Interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) was dispensable for normal hematopoiesis, whereas its deficiency significantly enhanced hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) regeneration and improved long-term repopulation of HSCs under stress. Mechanistic studies showed that CXCR4 was identified as a downstream target of IRF7. Overexpression of CXCR4 abrogated the enhanced proliferation and regeneration of IRF7-deficient HSPCs under stress. Similar results were obtained in HSCs from human umbilical cord blood. These observations demonstrated that IRF7 plays an important role in hematopoietic regeneration under stress.
Urine stem cells are equipped to provide B cell survival signals
Authors: Zidan Asmaa A. , Perkins Griffith B. , Al-Hawwas Mohammed , Elhossiny Ahmed , Yang Jianyu , Bobrovskaya Larisa , Mourad Ghada M. , Zhou Xin-Fu , Hurtado Plinio R.
Published: November 2021

The interplay between mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and immune cells has been studied for MSCs isolated from different tissues. However, the immunomodulatory capacity of urine stem cells (USCs) has not been adequately researched. The present study reports on the effect of USCs on peripheral blood lymphocytes. USCs were isolated and characterized before coculture with resting and with anti-CD3/CD28 bead stimulated lymphocytes. Similarly to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), USCs inhibited the proliferation of activated T lymphocytes and induced their apoptosis. However, they also induced strong activation, proliferation, and cytokine and antibody production by B lymphocytes. Molecular phenotype and supernatant analysis revealed that USCs secrete a range of cytokines and effector molecules, known to play a central role in B cell biology. These included B cell-activating factor (BAFF), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and CD40L. These findings raise the possibility of an unrecognized active role for kidney stem cells in modulating local immune cells.
Seed coat color genetics and genotype × environment effects in yellow beans via machine‐learning and genome‐wide association
Authors: Sadohara Rie , Long Yunfei , Izquierdo Paulo , Urrea Carlos A. , Morris Daniel , Cichy Karen
Published: November 2021

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is consumed worldwide, with strong regional preferences for seed appearance characteristics. Colors of the seed coat, hilum ring, and corona are all important, along with susceptibility to postharvest darkening, which decreases seed value. This study aimed to characterize a collection of 295 yellow bean genotypes for seed appearance and postharvest darkening, evaluate genotype × environment (G × E) effects and map those traits via genome‐wide association analysis. Yellow bean germplasm were grown for 2 yr in Michigan and Nebraska and seed were evaluated for L*a*b* color values, postharvest darkening, and hilum ring and corona colors. A model to exclude the hilum ring and corona of the seeds, black background, and light reflection was developed by using machine learning, allowing for targeted and efficient L*a*b* value extraction from the seed coat. The G × E effects were significant for the color values, and Michigan‐grown seeds were darker than Nebraska‐grown seeds. Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were associated with L* and hilum ring color on Pv10 near the J gene involved in mature seed coat color and hilum ring color. A SNP on Pv07 associated with L*, a*, postharvest darkening, and hilum ring and corona colors was near the P gene, the ground factor gene for seed coat color expression. The machine‐learning‐aided model used to extract color values from the seed coat, the wide variability in seed morphology traits, and the associated SNPs provide tools for future breeding and research efforts to meet consumers’ expectations for bean seed appearance.
Migrant and Refugee Background Students Learning Through Play
Authors: Ferreira Jonathan , Kendrick Maureen , Early Margaret
Published: November 2021

With the unprecedented increase of forced displacement in recent years, there has been a growing concern with how children from migrant and refugee backgrounds adjust to resettlement in Western schools. Adopting a sociocultural approach to science education, the authors explore how scientific concepts related to the water cycle and practices such as modelling are realized multimodally through play. By means of two constructive and imaginative play activities, block building and scrapbook making, illustrative examples showcase how four children from migrant and refugee backgrounds repurposed various multimodal resources to make sense of scientific concepts, use scientific language, and problem solve in relation to their life experiences beyond the classroom. Implications encourage teachers to consider designing content‐area language instruction infused with play‐based activities to give rise to alternative avenues through which emerging bi/multilingual learners can take risks, be engaged cognitively, and apply their new knowledge creatively.
Responsive Teaching in the Writer’s Workshop
Authors: Helsel Lisa , Kelly Katie , Wong Kelsey
Published: November 2021

Journey with a third‐grade community of writers as they develop their writing identities and abilities in a responsive approach to writers’ workshop. Instruction is framed around the writers’ workshop approach, where students’ choice and voice are centered within extended periods of time for writing, alongside daily mini‐lessons addressing the ongoing needs of each student writer. Knowledgeable about each child as an individual and as a writer, their teacher, Ms. H tailors whole group, small group, and individual instruction to address their unique needs. She fosters a community of writers through her intentional feedback and guidance to support children as they navigate writing partnerships with their peers. She supports them as they work to overcome roadblocks along the way while celebrating the journey as a community of authors.
Evaluation of intraperitoneal administration of morphine on post‐operative pain management after ovariohysterectomy in dogs
Authors: Rezaeipour Aida , Naddaf Hadi , Jalali Seyedeh Missagh , Sabiza Soroush
Published: November 2021

The present prospective randomized experimental study was designed to assess pain control with intraperitoneal morphine following ovariohysterectomy in dogs. A group of 12 mixed breed female dogs, aged 1–2 years, weighing 19.95 ± 0.95 kg were included. Forty minutes after sedation with 0.05 mg/kg intramuscular acepromazine 1%, anaesthesia was induced with propofol (4 mg/kg). The dogs were connected to the inhalation anaesthesia circuit using isoflurane. Ovariohysterectomy was performed, and before the closure of linea alba, the animals received intraperitoneal morphine (0.5 mg/kg) (in group M) and saline (0.2 ml/kg) (in group S). No significant difference was detected in total protein and glucose levels between the groups, while the cortisol level in group M was significantly lower than group S 1, 3 and 6 h after surgery. Furthermore, the comparison of the rectal temperature, heart rates and respiratory rates showed no major differences. Additionally, no significant alterations were detected between the groups considering the changes in the pain scores with simple descriptive score, Glasgow, University of Melbourne pain scale, sedation status and Sammarco methods. Finally, three cases in group S and two cases in group M were given an intramuscular analgesic rescue dose of morphine. Although a significant decline was observed in cortisol levels following intraperitoneal morphine administration, there were no beneficial changes in the efficiency of post‐operative analgesia in status and clinical signs compared to the control group. Further studies are required to investigate intraperitoneal morphine effectiveness in post‐operative pain management.
A comprehensive review of standards and best practices for utility grid integration with electric vehicle charging stations
Authors: Sachan Sulabh , Deb Sanchari , Singh Praveen Prakash , Alam Mohammad Saad , Shariff Samir M.
Published: November 2021

The present work presents a comprehensive state‐of‐the‐art bibliographical review of standards related to utility grid integration and best practices of the electric vehicle (EV) charging stations. The presence of a robust tuning method is essential for successful utility grid integration with the charging stations. The lack of system standardization may hamper the EV uptake as well as successful utility grid integration with the charging stations. The distributed energy resources (DER) and vehicle to grid (V2G) are going to play a vital role in the power system operation and control. The applicability of criterions within the utility grid integration with charging station area is important to the grid operators, charging service providers, manufacturers, fleet operators, and so forth to ensure safety, dependability, and interoperability. Hence, this work tries to deliver a comprehensive and systematic review of standards and best practices for utility grid interaction with charging stations. It will help the specialists of power as well as transport sectors to track down every one of the norms and best practices, which are accessible at one stage to compare different guidelines.

This article is categorized under:

Energy Infrastructure > Systems and Infrastructure

Wind Power > Systems and Infrastructure

Fossil Fuels > Economics and Policy

Fossil Fuels > Systems and Infrastructure
Unraveled Practices of Participatory Budgeting in European Democracies
Authors: Nemec Juraj , Špaček David , de Vries Michiel S.
Published: November 2021

The goal of the final chapter was to summarize lessons about the worst and best practices, causes, and effects of (successful or unsuccessful) participatory budgeting, delivered by the country case studies included in this book. The information collected serves to check to what extent participatory budgeting as practiced in the countries involved presents a real attempt to change municipal budgets toward addressing the needs of marginalized groups and to improve decision-making based on local democracy and participation, or whether these processes as such are to be judged to be more important than any output and outcomes. All in all, the practices of PB as they evolved in European countries out of the innovative original as developed in Porto Alegre in the 1990s can be seen neither as a process of policy diffusion nor as a process of policy mimesis. The terminology of participatory budgeting remained, but the goals and tools to achieve the goals resulted only in marginal changes in the status quo in municipalities in European countries practicing participatory budgeting, instead of resulting in radical changes to increase spending in favor of marginalized groups. Participatory budgeting in selected European countries is far away from the level of “best practice” in which local democracy and participation are promoted. However, it is also not possible to conclude that all experiences are just “trivial pursuits”.
Expeditions into ‘Central Man’: Imperial Romance, Tropical Medicine, and Heroic Masculinity
Authors: Taylor-Pirie Emilie
Published: November 2021

In this chapter, Taylor-Pirie considers how parasitology became rhetorically and materially entangled in the imperial imagination with travelogues, anthropological treatise, imperial romance fiction, and missionary biography. These modes jointly constructed the colonial encounter as a feat of manly endurance, using the linguistic enjoinment of medicine and exploration to frame parasitologists as modern heroes. Examining the influence of Thomas Carlyle’s conceptualisation of the heroic in history and imperial cartography as a strategy of representation, she demonstrates how tropical illness became a subject associated with pioneers, poets, and prophets, mapped onto the larger field of empire by the adventure mode. Through close readings of Henry Seton Merriman’s With Edged Tools (1894), John Masefield’s Multitude and Solitude (1909), and Joseph Hocking’s The Dust of Life (1915), she demonstrates the utility of forms like the ‘soldier hero’ and ‘imperial hunter’ in elaborating masculine citizenship in the context of tropical illness and ‘muscular Christianity’.
Detecting the Diagnosis: Parasitology, Crime Fiction, and the British Medical Gaze
Authors: Taylor-Pirie Emilie
Published: November 2021

In this chapter, Taylor-Pirie traces the cultural encounters between the parasitologist and the scientific detective in the medico-popular imagination, revealing how such meetings helped to embed the figure of the doctor-detective in public understandings of science. Parasitologists like Ronald Ross and David Bruce were routinely reported in newspapers using detective fiction’s most famous archetype: Sherlock Holmes, a frame of reference that blurred the boundaries between romance and reality. Recognising the continued cultural currency of Holmesian detection in clinical and diagnostic medicine, she re-immerses the ‘great detective’ and his creator, Arthur Conan Doyle, in the literary-historical contexts of the fin de siècle, demonstrating how material and rhetorical entanglements between criminality, tropical medicine, and empire constructed the microscopic world as new kind of colonial encounter.
Epilogue: Pan Narrans
Authors: Taylor-Pirie Emilie
Published: November 2021

In this epilogue, Taylor-Pirie analyses the ‘heroic biography’ mode that still characterises popular histories of medicine as a legacy of the collision of science and empire at the fin de siècle. After considering the challenges inherent in writing contextual histories of science, and the human penchant for linear story-telling, she broadens her view to take into account political discourses surrounding the Covid-19 pandemic. Taylor-Pirie argues that stories of science and stories of empire shaped each other in ways that are contingent on this historical moment but that continue to inflect and occlude our self-knowledge. She contends that by paying attention to cultural encounters between medicine and the humanities in the past, we gain important insights into the relationship between science and society in the present.
Kurzfassung und Schlussfolgerungen
Authors: Gethmann Carl Friedrich , Buxmann Peter , Distelrath Julia , Humm Bernhard G. , Lingner Stephan , Nitsch Verena , Schmidt Jan C. , Spiecker genannt Döhmann Indra
Published: November 2021

Die Digitalisierung von Arbeitswelten erreicht alle Bereiche öffentlich oder privat finanzierter Forschung und Entwicklung. Insbesondere lassen neuartige Entwicklungen der künstlichen Intelligenz große Veränderungen im Alltag grundlagen- und anwendungsorientierter Forschung erwarten. Dennoch ist wissenschaftliche Forschung auch im Zeitalter von KI, Machine Learning und Big Data weiterhin auf den Menschen als Wissenschaftler/Wissenschaftlerin und Forscher/Forscherin angewiesen. Der Mensch bleibt daher als handelnder Akteur im Zentrum von Wissenschaft und Forschung. Ein etwaiger Ersatz des Menschen durch „starke KI“ ist dagegen nicht zu erwarten, da diese auf absehbare Zeit nicht erreichbar erscheint. KI-Systeme können daher zunächst eher als hilfreiche Werkzeuge in der Forschungspraxis verstanden werden: Auf den ersten Blick scheinen sie sich an technische Inventionen der Vergangenheit anzuschließen, wie die des Mikroskops oder des Fernrohrs, welche die wissenschaftliche Forschung und Erkenntnis bereits fundamental verändert haben. Ähnliches könnte auch für KI-getriebene Forschung erwartet werden. Allerdings führt die Selbstorganisationsfähigkeit von KI-Systemen im Modus des maschinellen Lernens (ML) zu einer Intransparenz von Forschungsprozessen, die eine Kontrolle, Validierung und Anerkennung abgeleiteter Aussagen, Modelle und Theorien erschweren oder gar unmöglich machen. Insofern kann der Wandel in der KI-getriebenen Forschung in diesem Modus sogar als disruptiv betrachtet werden. Ein allzu einfaches Werkzeug- und Instrumentenverständnis von KI führt hier also in die Irre; vielmehr sind ML-basierte KI-Systeme aufgrund ihrer verborgenen Dynamik und ihrer geringen Kontrollierbarkeit gewissermaßen als Instrumente zweiter Ordnung zu werten.
Gaudin models and multipoint conformal blocks. Part II. Comb channel vertices in 3D and 4D
Authors: Burić Ilija , Lacroix Sylvain , Mann Jeremy , Quintavalle Lorenzo , Schomerus Volker
Published: November 2021

Abstract

It was recently shown that multi-point conformal blocks in higher dimensional conformal field theory can be considered as joint eigenfunctions for a system of commuting differential operators. The latter arise as Hamiltonians of a Gaudin integrable system. In this work we address the reduced fourth order differential operators that measure the choice of 3-point tensor structures for all vertices of 3- and 4-dimensional comb channel conformal blocks. These vertices come associated with a single cross ratio. Remarkably, we identify the vertex operators as Hamiltonians of a crystallographic elliptic Calogero-Moser-Sutherland model that was discovered originally by Etingof, Felder, Ma and Veselov. Our construction is based on a further development of the embedding space formalism for mixed-symmetry tensor fields. The results thereby also apply to comb channel vertices of 5- and 6-point functions in arbitrary dimension.
The Grassmannian for celestial superamplitudes
Authors: Ferro Livia , Moerman Robert
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Recently, scattering amplitudes in four-dimensional Minkowski spacetime have been interpreted as conformal correlation functions on the two-dimensional celestial sphere, the so-called celestial amplitudes. In this note we consider tree-level scattering amplitudes in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super Yang-Mills theory and present a Grassmannian formulation of their celestial counterparts. This result paves the way towards a geometric picture for celestial superamplitudes, in the spirit of positive geometries.
Grooming at the cusp: all-orders predictions for the transition region of jet groomers
Authors: Benkendorfer Kees , Larkoski Andrew J.
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Jet grooming has emerged as a necessary and vital tool for mitigating contamination radiation in jets. The additional restrictions on emissions imposed by the groomer can result in non-smooth behavior of resulting fixed-order distributions of observables measured on groomed jets. As a concrete example, we study the cusp in the hemisphere mass distribution of e+e−→ hadrons events groomed with soft drop. We identify the leading emissions that contribute in the region about the cusp and formulate an all-orders factorization theorem that describes how the cusp is resolved through arbitrary strongly-ordered soft and collinear emissions. The factorization theorem exhibits numerous novel features such as contributions from collinear modes that can cross hemisphere boundaries as well as requiring explicit subtraction of the limit in which resolved emissions become collinear to the hard core. We present resummation of the cusp region through next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy and describe how it can be matched with established factorization theorems that describe other groomed phase space regions.
Infrared-safe scattering without photon vacuum transitions and time-dependent decoherence
Authors: Neuenfeld Dominik
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Scattering in 3 + 1-dimensional QED is believed to give rise to transitions between different photon vacua. We show that these transitions can be removed by taking into account off-shell modes which correspond to Liénard-Wiechert fields of asymptotic states. This makes it possible to formulate scattering in 3 + 1-dimensional QED on a Hilbert space which furnishes a single representation of the canonical commutation relations (CCR). Different QED selection sectors correspond to inequivalent representations of the photon CCR and are stable under the action of an IR finite, unitary S-matrix. Infrared divergences are cancelled by IR radiation. Using this formalism, we discuss the time-dependence of decoherence and phases of out-going density matrix elements in the presence of classical currents. The results demonstrate that although no information about a scattering process is stored in strictly zero-energy modes of the photon field, entanglement between charged matter and low energy modes increases over time.
Application of neural ordinary differential equations to the prediction of multi-agent systems
Authors: Herzog Sebastian , Wörgötter Florentin
Published: November 2021

Dynamic systems are usually described by differential equations, but formulating these equations requires a high level of expertise and a detailed understanding of the observed system to be modelled. In this work, we present a data-driven approach, which tries to find a parameterization of neural differential equations system to describe the underlying dynamic of the observed data. The presented method is applied to a multi-agent system with thousand agents.
Electrical Power Generation Using Dynamic Piezoelectric Shear Deformation Under Friction
Authors: Wang Peng , Xiao Yu , Wu Nan
Published: November 2021

A new electrical power generation device based on high-frequency dynamic piezoelectric shear deformation under friction is developed. During the operation of a moving plate compressed and sliding on the top of a piezoelectric patch with constant velocity, dynamic shear deformation of the elastic piezoelectric patch is excited by periodic friction force and status (sliding and stick) variation. The dynamic piezoelectric shear strain can then generate continuous electrical power for energy absorbing and harvesting applications. The design of the piezoelectric couple device is first provided, and its mechanism, dynamic response and electric power generation under friction are described by a detailed iteration model. By comparing with previous experimental results, the accuracy of the proposed model is proven. Through numerical studies, the influences of the equivalent mass of the system, the velocity of the sliding object, the static friction coefficient and its lower limit, as well as the friction force delay rate on the power generation are obtained and discussed. The numerical results show that with the proposed design, up to 50-Watt maximum electrical power could be generated by a piezoelectric patch with a dimension of $$20\times 2\times 6$$

20
×
2
×
6

cm under continuous friction with the moving plate at the velocity of 15 m/s. The possible bi-linear elastic stiffness variation of the system is also introduced, and the threshold of bi-linear elastic deformation, where the system stiffness changes, can be optimized for obtaining the highest power generation.
A dilatant, two-layer debris flow model validated by flow density measurements at the Swiss illgraben test site
Authors: Meyrat G. , McArdell B. , Ivanova K. , Müller C. , Bartelt P.
Published: November 2021

We propose a dilatant, two-layer debris flow model validated by full-scale density/saturation measurements obtained from the Swiss Illgraben test site. Like many existing models, we suppose the debris flow consists of a matrix of solid particles (rocks and boulders) that is surrounded by muddy fluid. However, we split the muddy fluid into two fractions. One part, the inter-granular fluid, is bonded to the solid matrix and fills the void space between the solid particles. The combination of solid material and inter-granular fluid forms the first layer of the debris flow. The second part of the muddy fluid is not bonded to the solid matrix and can move independently from the first layer. This free fluid forms the second layer of the debris flow. During flow the rocky particulate material is sheared which induces dilatant motions that change the location of the center-of-mass of the solid. The degree of solid shearing, as well as the amount of muddy fluid and of solid particles, leads to different flow compositions including debris flow fronts consisting of predominantly solid material, or watery debris flow tails. De-watering and the formation of muddy fluid washes can occur when the solid material deposits in the runout zone. After validating the model on two theoretical case studies, we show that the proposed model is able to capture the streamwise evolution of debris flow density in time and space for real debris flow events.
Embodied Reflection of Images as an Arts-Based Research Method: Teaching Experiment in Higher Education
Authors: Martikainen Jari , Hujala Anneli , Laulainen Sanna
Published: November 2021

This paper discusses a teaching experiment in which 20 university students in Finland participated in the course Critical and Novel Approaches to Management and Organisational Studies, which familiarized them with the method of embodied reflection of images. First, the paper presents the method and the teaching experiment. Then, it presents and discusses the students’ experiences while experimenting with the method. The students’ written reflections form the data of the study, which were analyzed qualitatively using content analysis. The findings of this small-scale study show that the method of embodied reflection of images provided students with a novel perspective into management and organization, fostered collaboration, and promoted critical thinking. In addition, rational knowledge was furnished with experiential and affective modes of knowledge. Based on students’ positive feedback, the experiment succeeded in elucidating the method and its applicability in research on management and organization. This study promotes teaching arts-based research methods in higher education.