bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increasing Reciprocal Social Interactions Between Children Who Use Augmentative and Alternative Communication and Peers Using a Collaborative Learning Framework
Authors: Boster Jamie B. , Cordone Tori , Blosser Hailey
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

Children with complex communication needs who rely on augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) strategies to express themselves face significant difficulties interaction with peers. This study sought to design, implement, and evaluate a collaborative photography intervention designed to increase reciprocal social interaction between children who use AAC and their same-age peers.

Method:

A single-subject, withdrawal design (ABAB) was used to explore the functional relationship between engagement in a collaborative photography intervention and the frequency of reciprocal social interactions between children who use AAC and their same-age peers. Partial-interval time sampling was used to code the number of reciprocal social interactions across four dyads.

Results:

Increased frequencies of reciprocal social interactions were observed in intervention phases across all four dyads. Very large levels of effect and 100% nonoverlapping data were noted for Dyads 1 and 4. Moderate levels of effect and 70% of nonoverlapping data were noted for Dyads 2 and 3.

Conclusions:

Collaborative learning frameworks may be used to increase reciprocal social interactions between children who use AAC and their peers. Speech-language pathologists should consider utilizing collaborative learning elements in activities with children who use AAC. Future research is needed to further explore collaborative learning frameworks for interventions for children who use AAC.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25464064
Evaluating Speaker–Listener Cognitive Effort in Speech Communication Through Brain-to-Brain Synchrony: A Pilot Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Investigation
Authors: Green Geoff D. , Jacewicz Ewa , Santosa Hendrik , Arzbecker Lian J. , Fox Robert A.
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

We explore a new approach to the study of cognitive effort involved in listening to speech by measuring the brain activity in a listener in relation to the brain activity in a speaker. We hypothesize that the strength of this brain-to-brain synchrony (coupling) reflects the magnitude of cognitive effort involved in verbal communication and includes both listening effort and speaking effort. We investigate whether interbrain synchrony is greater in native-to-native versus native-to-nonnative communication using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).

Method:

Two speakers participated, a native speaker of American English and a native speaker of Korean who spoke English as a second language. Each speaker was fitted with the fNIRS cap and told short stories. The native English speaker provided the English narratives, and the Korean speaker provided both the nonnative (accented) English and Korean narratives. In separate sessions, fNIRS data were obtained from seven English monolingual participants ages 20–24 years who listened to each speaker's stories. After listening to each story in native and nonnative English, they retold the content, and their transcripts and audio recordings were analyzed for comprehension and discourse fluency, measured in the number of hesitations and articulation rate. No story retellings were obtained for narratives in Korean (an incomprehensible language for English listeners). Utilizing fNIRS technique termed sequential scanning, we quantified the brain-to-brain synchronization in each speaker–listener dyad.

Results:

For native-to-native dyads, multiple brain regions associated with various linguistic and executive functions were activated. There was a weaker coupling for native-to-nonnative dyads, and only the brain regions associated with higher order cognitive processes and functions were synchronized. All listeners understood the content of all stories, but they hesitated significantly more when retelling stories told in accented English. The nonnative speaker hesitated significantly more often than the native speaker and had a significantly slower articulation rate. There was no brain-to-brain coupling during listening to Korean, indicating a break in communication when listeners failed to comprehend the speaker.

Conclusions:

We found that effortful speech processing decreased interbrain synchrony and delayed comprehension processes. The obtained brain-based and behavioral patterns are consistent with our proposal that cognitive effort in verbal communication pertains to both the listener and the speaker and that brain-to-brain synchrony can be an indicator of differences in their cumulative communicative effort.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25452142
In-depth analysis of solar models with high-metallicity abundances and updated opacity tables
Authors: Buldgen G. , Noels A. , Scuflaire R. , Amarsi A. M. , Grevesse N. , Eggenberger P. , Colgan J. , Fontes C. J. , Baturin V. A. , Oreshina A. V. , Ayukov S. V. , Hakel P. , Kilcrease D. P.
Published: March 2024

Context. As a result of the high-quality constraints available for the Sun, we are able to carry out detailed combined analyses using neutrino, spectroscopic, and helioseismic observations. These studies lay the ground for future improvements of the key physical components of solar and stellar models because ingredients such as the equation of state, the radiative opacities, or the prescriptions for macroscopic transport processes of chemicals are then used to study other stars in the Universe.

Aims. We study the existing degeneracies in solar models using the recent high-metallicity spectroscopic abundances by comparing them to helioseismic and neutrino data and discuss the effect on their properties of changes in the micro and macro physical ingredients.

Methods. We carried out a detailed study of solar models computed with a high-metallicity composition from the literature based on averaged 3D models that were claimed to resolve the solar modelling problem. We compared these models to helioseismic and neutrino constraints.

Results. The properties of the solar models are significantly affected by the use of the recent OPLIB opacity tables and the inclusion of macroscopic transport. The properties of the standard solar models computed using the OPAL opacities are similar to those for which the OP opacities were used. We show that a modification of the temperature gradient just below the base of the convective zone is required to remove the discrepancies in solar models, particularly in the presence of macroscopic mixing. This can be simulated by a localised increase in the opacity of a few percent.

Conclusions. We conclude that the existing degeneracies and issues in solar modelling are not removed by using an increase in the solar metallicity, in contradiction to what has been suggested in the recent literature. Therefore, standard solar models cannot be used as an argument for a high-metallicity composition. While further work is required to improve solar models, we note that direct helioseismic inversions indicate a low metallicity in the convective envelope, in agreement with spectroscopic analyses based on full 3D models.
ALMA-ALPINE [CII] survey: The sub-kpc morphology of three main sequence galaxy systems at z ∼ 4.5 revealed by ALMA
Authors: Devereaux T. , Cassata P. , Ibar E. , Accard C. , Guillaume C. , Béthermin M. , Dessauges-Zavadsky M. , Faisst A. , Jones G. C. , Zanella A. , Bardelli S. , Boquien M. , D’Onghia E. , Giavalisco M. , Ginolfi M. , Gobat R. , Hayward C. C. , Koekemoer A. M. , Lemaux B. , Magdis G. , Mendez-Hernandez H. , Molina J. , Pozzi F. , Romano M. , Tasca L. , Vergani D. , Zamorani G. , Zucca E.
Published: March 2024

Context. Going from a redshift of 6 down to nearly 4, galaxies grow rapidly from low-mass galaxies towards the more mature types of massive galaxies seen at cosmic noon. Growth via gas accretion and mergers undoubtedly shape this evolution, however, there is considerable uncertainty at present over the contribution of each of these processes to the overall evolution of galaxies. Furthermore, previous characterisations of the morphology of galaxies in the molecular gas phase have been limited by the coarse resolution of earlier observations.

Aims. In this work, we utilise new high-resolution ALMA [CII] observations to analyse three main sequence (MS) galaxy systems at a redshift of z ∼ 4.5 and at resolutions of up to 0.15″. This approach enables us to investigate the morphology and kinematics on a kpc scale and understand the processes at play as well as the classifications of galaxies at high resolution. Thanks to this unique window, we are able to gain insights into the molecular gas of MS galaxies undergoing mass assembly in the early Universe.

Methods. We used intensity and velocity maps, position-velocity diagrams, and radial profiles of [CII] in combination with dust continuum maps to analyse the morphology and kinematics of the three systems.

Results. In general, we find that the high-resolution ALMA data reveal more complex morpho-kinematic properties. For one galaxy in our sample, we identified interaction-induced clumps, demonstrating the profound effect that mergers have on the molecular gas in galaxies, which is consistent with what has been suggested by recent simulations. One galaxy that was previously classified as dispersion-dominated turned out to show two bright [CII] emission regions, which could either be classified as merging galaxies or massive star-forming regions within the galaxy itself. The high-resolution data for the other dispersion dominated object also revealed clumps of [CII] that had not been identified previously. Within the sample, we might also detect star-formation powered outflows (or outflows from active galactic nuclei) that appear to be fuelling diffuse gas regions and enriching the circumgalactic medium. The new high-resolution ALMA data we present in this paper reveal that the galaxies in our sample are much more complex than they previously appeared in the low-resolution ALPINE data. In particular, we find evidence of merger induced clumps in the galaxy DC8187, along with signs of merging components for the other two objects. This may be evidence that the number of mergers at high redshift are significantly underestimated at present.
Callus Induction and Establishing Cell Suspension Culture of Agastache J.Clayton Ex Gronov
Authors: Polivanova Oksana B. , Cherednichenko Mikhail Yu. , Khlebnikova Daria A.
Published: March 2024

The aim of this study was to initiate calli formation and cell suspension cultures from some species of Agastache genus. These plants could be useful for a production of bioactive secondary metabolites in vitro. For the initiation of callogenesis, two explant types were tested: leaf and stem explants from 40–60 days old in vitro seedlings. Percentage of callus formation was used as criterion to evaluate the efficiency of callus induction. Leaf- and stem-derived friable calli of A. foeniculum and A. urticifolia cultivated on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L 2.4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.1 mg/L kinetin were selected for the cell suspension cultures establishing. The cell suspension cultures of A. foeniculum characterized by growth indexes of 1.08 and 8.57 for MS and B5 media respectively. For A. urticifolia suspension cultures growth indexes were 3.01 for MS medium and 1.29 for B5 medium. The period of culturing was 28 days. Viability of cell suspension cultures varied 50–100 during the period of culturing. According to the growth characteristics for establishing A. foeniculum suspension culture is better to use MS medium, and for A. urticifolia – B5.
Characteristics of changes in postnatal ontogenesis of the compact substance thickness of the stylopodian bones of coral sheep
Authors: Tursagatov Jakhongir , Dilmurodov Nasriddin
Published: March 2024

The dynamics of changes in the absolute indicators of thickness of dorsal, palmar and plantar compact matter of stylopod bones of Karakol sheep during postnatal ontogeny were studied. The absolute dimensions of the thickness of the dorsal, palmar and plantar compact matter of the shoulder and femur, regardless of the living conditions of Karakol sheep, slightly increased in connection with the period of receiving mother's milk from the first 3 days to 3 months of postnatal ontogeny, and remained almost unchanged at the 6 and 12 month stages, the period of physiological maturity of animals, i.e. 18 months, was found to show the highest rate compared to other studied ages; In the stages of postnatal onto-genesis of black sheep after 18 months, the physiological changes in the bones observed in connection with their first postpartum period, as well as due to the expansion of the marrow space of the bones, the absolute indicators of the thickness of the dorsal, pal-mar and plantar compact substances of the shoulder and thigh bones were observed to decrease; In connection with the morphofunctional state of the micro anatomical structures of the tubular bones and the level of the weight force applied to them, the absolute parameters of the thickness of the pal mar and plantar compact matter of the shoulder and femur at the studied stages of the postnatal ontogeny of black sheep were higher than this indicator of the dorsal compact matter, and also dorsal, pal-mar, plantar compact matter is noted to be thicker in the femur than in the humerus; The absolute indicators of the thickness of the dorsal, pal-mar, plantar compact matter of the shoulder and femur bones in the studied physiological stages of postnatal development were observed to be slightly higher in Karakol breed sheep in the mountainous region compared to those in the desert region, in connection with the geographical relief and natural conditions of the regions.
Complex biopreparation for maintaining natural fertility in agrophytocenoses
Authors: Kuzina Elena , Rafikova Gulnaz , Mukhamatdyarova Svetlana , Iskuzhina Milyausha , Korshunova Tatyana
Published: March 2024

The effectiveness of using a new biopreparation for the decomposition of wheat straw, which consists of cellulolytic bacteria CA3 and CU6 and strains-antagonist of the phytopathogenic fungi Pseudomonas laurentiana ANT 17 and Paenibacillus peoriae ANT 13, has been studied. AND 17 and ANT 13 additionally have growth-stimulating activity and the ability to mobilize inorganic phosphates. The greatest degree of decomposition of straw was observed when combined the biopreparation and ammonium nitrate (50.8% versus 25.2% in the control). At the end of the field experiment carrots were grown in soil with decomposed straw. When biopreparation and ammonium nitrate were used for straw processing, the weight of the carrot root crop was 14.4% more than in the control, and the diameter of the root was 55.6% bigger.
Environmental aspects of the development of large agricultural integrated formations
Authors: Gazetdinov Sh.M. , Abdulkhakov A.M. , Gazetdinov M.Kh. , Semicheva O.S.
Published: March 2024

The article examines the environmental aspects that arise in the process of concentration and specialization of agricultural production in a particular rural area. Thus, as scientific and technological progress develops, the problem of carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere increases. The share of CO2 emissions in the production of agricultural products is high, including in the conditions of the creation of large integrated agricultural formations. Thus, from a cowshed for 200 heads with an average weight of 500 kg, productivity of 30 kg, the daily CO2 emission is 1,445 kg. Accordingly, with an average livestock of 5,000 heads in megafarms, this indicator in a particular facility is about 40 tons per day. There are also problems with the protection and improvement of reservoirs and the formation of a “carbon footprint” in the environment. It is proposed to implement a unified integrated approach to solving this problem and its mutual alignment with other sections of the plan when developing a comprehensive development plan for integrated agricultural formations in terms of environmental protection; to ensure the unity and consistency of sanitary and health indicators with socio-economic indicators of rural areas; to carry out all environmental calculations based on current standards; to cover a set of quantitative and qualitative indicators characterizing the level, condition and development of individual industries, socio-economic parameters and the environment of a particular rural area.
Effect of probiotic bacteria of the genus Bacillus on gnorobic pathogens of surgical infections
Authors: Yuldasheva Madina , Narziev Bakhtiyor , Mamatova Zamira , Khaydarova Sevara , Shomakhsudov Alisher
Published: March 2024

As a result of the study of the antimicrobial activity of selected probiotic preparations with isolated culture of Str.pyogenes, it has been found that the probiotic preparation Inoprovet2, prepared from Bac.subtilis, Bac. licheniformis, had the earliest and highest activity (starting from 6 hours the reduction of streptococcal culture was noted by 39 ±0.9, after 24 hours - 78 ±2.6, after 96 hours - 100%, i.e. destroys the pus microbe) compared to the others. Inoprovet1 differed from Inoprovet2 only by the quality of the excipient, but its activity was slightly lower (6 hours - 22 ±1.1, 24 hours - 53 ±3.9 and 96 hours - 100%), the third most active was Vitasporin12B probiotic (6 hours - 21 ±1.8, 24 hours - 51 ±2.3 and 96 hours - 98 hours - 98 ±4.2%), followed by Vetom 1. 2 (16±2.9 after 6 hours, 51±0.5 after 24 hours and after 96 hours 96±1.8%) and probiotic Sporovetin which showed antibacterial activity on killing streptococcal culture after 6 hours 16 ±2.9, after 24 hours 45 ±3.3 and after 96 hours 89±2.6%. The obtained results, the possibility of using Inoprovet2 probiotic in clinical practice not only for the treatment of gastroenteric infections but also for wound infections
Specific prevention of emphysematous carbuncle of cattle and sheep
Authors: Salimov Ilkhom , Salimova Dilbar , Salimov Hayit , Xudjamshukurov Axtam , Qambarov Abdurauf
Published: March 2024

The local strains of the causative agent of emphysematous carbuncle (blackleg) cattle Cl.chauvoei. The cultural, morphological, physicochemical, and biological properties of isolated local strains of the causative agent of emphysematous carbuncle (blackleg) were studied. An experimental series of vaccines against animal emphysematous carbuncle (blackleg) was made from selected local strains. The qualitative indicators, immunogenicity and duration and immunity of this vaccine on sheep and calves were studied and a positive result was obtained.
Technology Development to incorporate Onion (Allium cepa L) oil as a functional ingredient in Cheese spread
Authors: Mohichehra Sobirova , Rifky Mohamed , Dissanayake Kasun , Farmonov Jasur , Boynazarova Yulduz , Meyliyev Akhror , Samadiy Sitora , Samadiy Murodjon
Published: March 2024

The incorporation of functional ingredients in cheese is a new technology application in the food industry. Onion oil is considered a functional oil which is obtained by cold pressing f onion. These oils were incorporated as a functional ingredient in a percentage of 0.3 ml/Kg, 0.35 ml/Kg, 0.40 ml/Kg, and 0.45 ml/Kg and named T1 to T4 respectively and T0 as a control sample with pure water while maintaining the standard process. Prepared samples were poured into 175 ml glass bottles and kept for sensory, chemical, and microbiological analyses at room temperature and then chilled. The sensory attributes were examined using the 5-point hedonic test. Except for taste and appearance, no significant differences in qualitative attributes were identified in all samples. To assess the shelf life microbiological characteristics such as total plate count, yeast and mould, and coliforms, as well as chemical data such as pH, moisture content, and titratable acidity were tested. The onion oil sample T4 showed good sensory and chemical attributes for cheese and therefore, it can be concluded that the functional onion oil incorporation technology is useful for producing a better cheese spread for the market.
Dynamics of changes in morpho-histological parameters of the ovary of the egg-bearing hens in postnatal ontogenesis
Authors: Rakhmanova Gulnoza , Dilmurodov Nasriddin , Normuradova Zukhra , Mukhtarov Elmurod , Yakhshiyeva Sarvinoz
Published: March 2024

At various physiological stages of postnatal ontogenesis of egg-laying hens, the linear size and weight of the ovary, as well as the changing properties of their histological structures, were studied. Absolute indicators of the linear size and weight of the laying of hens show a slight increase in the intensity of postnatal ontogenesis from 15 days to 35 days, and this condition lasts up to 120 days due to the period of puberty of hens, while the physiological stage of maturity (168 days) is the highest; it was found that the morphometric parameters of the ovary decrease to 570 days in relation to the stage of generative withering of ovarian function in postnatal development after 168 days; it was recorded that the growth coefficient of morphometric parameters of the ovary of chickens is higher in weight than in linear dimensions, from 15 days to 570 days, days of postnatal ontogenesis; it was found that there are not so many primary follicles in the ovaries of chickens and that they are mainly located in the submesothelial connective tissue of the folds of the cortex of the bottom of the ovary, the presence of single and group gonocytes not surrounded by follicular epithelial cells, medium-sized gonocytes, hyperchromia of the ovaries of the nucleus, in which the nuclei are indistinctly visible and it was found that in a well-formed primordial In the follicle, the egg cell occupies the entire space.
Pathomorphological changes in sheep paramphistomatosis
Authors: Kuliyev Bokhodir , Eshmatov Gayrat , Bobonazarov Eshmukhammad , Mukhtarov Bakhtiyor , Akhmedov Sunnat
Published: March 2024

The scientific article provides information on the pathomorphological changes caused by paramphistomes that develop in the digestive organs. The results of pathologoanatomical, pathogistological and histochemical changes in paramphistomatous digestive organs and parenchymatous organs are also written in detail. Pathomorphological changes are clearly explained in colourful pictures. Mutsicarmine, mucopolysaccharides, glycogen, polysaccharides and various pathomorphophysiological characteristics of adhesion were determined in epithelial cells and perivascular tissues by histochemical methods. The scientific article provides practical conclusions as well.
Discussion of the biochemical mechanisms of copper deficiency in Karakul sheep bred in the Hungry Steppe and its prevention
Authors: Safin Mars , Ibragimov Davletbay , Ibragimova Feruza
Published: March 2024

Based on the literature data and the results of our own research, the article provides a detailed discussion of the mechanisms of occurrence, development and deepening of copper metabolism in Karakul sheep grazing in the biogeochemical province of the Hungry Steppe of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Studies have established correlations between the copper content in the liver and blood, between the copper content in the blood and the activity of copper-containing blood enzymes, between the copper content in the blood and the activity of copper-containing liver enzymes, between the activity of copper-containing enzymes in the blood and liver. Based on the use of these correlations, a convenient test has been developed, using which it is possible to establish the supply of the organism of Karakul sheep with copper, bred in the conditions of the Hungry Steppe. As a result of testing this test technique, a flock of sheep of 465 heads was examined and 76 (16.34%) heads with copper deficiency were identified, of which 8 (1.72%) had clear signs of endemic ataxia. Subsequently, these animals were fed with copper sulfate in the form of a salt mixture mixed with table salt, and their complete recovery was achieved.
Trends in Natural Flavor Enhancer: A Review on Umami Compounds
Authors: Amaliah Nur , Mahendradatta Meta , Zainal Zainal , Salengke Salengke
Published: March 2024

Flavor enhancers are pivotal in numerous food products in the commercial markets. Among these enhancers, umami flavor compounds stand out for their ability to elicit a pleasurable taste response and elevate the overall sensory characteristics of food. This short review offers insights into incorporating natural ingredients as sources of umami, a cornerstone in enhancing savory flavors while shedding light on emerging trends within the food industry concerning the utilization of these natural ingredients. Furthermore, this review delves into the intricacies of umami taste, encompassing its constituent elements and characteristic profile. In addition to exploring the essence of umami, the study also delves into various technologies instrumental in their creation and processing. These technologies encompass a range of methods, including fermentation, enzyme hydrolysis, acid hydrolysis, the Maillard reaction, water-based extraction, and drying techniques.
The Effect Of Adding Hydrogenated Coconut Oil And The Time Of Adding Cocoa Powder On The Physical And Organoleptic Chocolate Bar
Authors: Adha Azzahra Sonda Aura , Langkong Jumriah , Dirpan Andi
Published: March 2024

Chocolate bars are one of the processed cocoa products that are much loved by Indonesians. The main ingredient used to manufacture chocolate bars is cocoa butter. However, the relatively high price of cocoa butter causes chocolate bar production costs to be high. Hydrogenated coconut oil as an alternative to reduce the use of cocoa butter was investigated to reduce production costs. On the other hand, aroma can be reduced due to the conching process where during the conching process some volatile compounds evaporate. Therefore, it will be compared between the addition of cocoa powder at the beginning and at the end of the conching process which can give the sharpest aroma to the final chocolate bar product. The result showed that the addition of hydrogenated coconut oil at the level of 50% of the total use of cocoa butter gave the best physical properties of chocolate bar which resulted in a higher melting point with less fat blooming. The organoleptic results showed a significant difference between the controls, the time of adding cocoa powder at the beginning and at the end, where adding cocoa powder at the beginning gave a higher value for the parameters of taste and texture, but less value for the parameters of color and aroma.
Green Beans (Vigna Radiata L.): Nutrients and Processed Products as Additional Food to Overcome the Malnutrition
Authors: Lande Chrisye Ririn , Bukhari Agussalim , Usman Andi Nilawati , Hafsa Amir Mahmud , Ahmad Mardiana , Stang
Published: March 2024

The prevalence of malnutrition in Indonesia is high, which is caused by a lack of nutritional intake. Green beans (Vigna Radiata L.) contain various nutrients and processed products can be used as additional food to overcome this problem. This literature study aims to determine the nutritional composition and processed product of green bean. This research method uses a literature review study sourced from Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar and obtained 21 articles. Results: Green beans contain carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamin and mineral. Green beans can be processed into various food products, one of which is cookies. Conclusion: Processed green bean products contain variety of nutrients and can be used as an alternative additional food to overcome the problem of malnutrition.
Physical characteristics of extrudate from mixed corn grit – red bean flour with treatment of moisture content and extruder barrel temperature
Authors: Saraswati Samodra Ailsa , Nugroho Wahyu Karyadi Joko , Yuni Susanti Devi , Sri Mahanani Riski , Ferry Surya Dwinata Vincentius , Kharisma Rahmawati Dian , Febriansyech Personanta Sinuhaji Prasetya , Kurniawati Musyrifah
Published: March 2024

Extruded snacks, typically derived from low-protein corn, can significantly benefit from the incorporation of red beans to boost their protein content and enhance overall nutritional value. In this study, the influence of feed moisture content and extruder barrel temperature on various physical attributes of the extruded products, including moisture content, particle density, bulk density, expansion ratio, and hardness, were examined. The snacks were produced using a SYSLG-IV twin-screw extruder with a throughput capacity of 10-15 kg/h. The ingredient composition remained consistent, consisting of a 20% red bean flour and 80% corn grit blend. Three moisture content levels (14%-18%) and three different extruder barrel temperature settings (120°C-140°C) were used as variables. The results demonstrated that both variables significantly impacted the physical properties of the extruded snacks. Specifically, an increase in feed moisture content or a decrease in barrel temperature led to higher moisture content (1.01%-1.82%), greater particle density (0.17 g/cm3-0.39 g/cm3), increased bulk density (0.12 g/cm3-0.32 g/cm3), greater hardness (8.34 N-32.18 N), and reduced expansion ratio (2.17-3.0).
Arabika Coffee Production Capacity Planning with Rough Cut Capacity Planning (RCCP)
Authors: Riyani Indah A. Besse , Pongrekun Kesia , Setiawan Irwan
Published: March 2024

Industrial competition causes companies to be required to increase efficiency, produce quality products and deliver products on time. UMKM Kaana Toraya Coffee is a manufacturing industry that processes Coffee and Food & Beverages. Demand for Kaana Toraya Coffee tends to fluctuate. So a Production Plan is needed that is adjusted to production capacity. The aim of this research is to forecast future needs, validate the production plan and design a master production schedule. Forecasting needs using the Weighted Moving Average and Single Exponential Smoothing methods to analyze production plans using the Rough Cut Capacity Planning method with the Bill of Labor. The forecasting results using the Single Exponential Smoothing method with a constant of 0.9 are used as a production plan based on the smallest accuracy. RCCP shows that there is a lack of capacity in the roasting work center. The alternative that was implemented was optimizing the utility of working hours, but there was a lack of capacity, so the second alternative wa to move the workload to the previous period. The Master Production Schedule with RCCP for the period July 2023 to March 2024 in kilograms are 147, 173, 148, 149, 150, 159, 147, 144, and 156.
Smart Soil Moisture Control Based on IoT ESP-32 for Horticulture Cultivation in Coastal Area
Authors: Sudarmaji Arief , Gunawan Budi , Nugraha Fajar , Arini Nindya , Mulyani Sri
Published: March 2024

Optimal and effective use of water in coastal areas is an essential aspect of plant growth in horticulture and the maintenance of water availability. It is necessary to monitor soil moisture continuously as the basis for watering time. However, it is hard for farmers to be in the field frequently to monitor the land humidity, even using an instrument to measure it at the site. It is needed a monitoring technique that can control the land humidity remotely. This paper presents a design of wireless soil moisture measurement based on the Internet of Things. We applied capacitive soil moisture sensors coupled with an ESP32 WIFI with a built-in 12-bit ADC function for reading analog sensor output and establishing a wireless connection to the internet network. The ESP32 was programmed using Arduino software. We made a web-based user interface and Google spreadsheet application using the Nodered which is a programmable IoT platform to show soil moisture and control the irrigation sprayers through the pump.
Dynamics of Changes in Land Use in the National Coffee Development Area in Bantaeng Regency
Authors: Junais Isnam , Samsuar Samsuar , Rukmana Didi , Useng Daniel , B Demmallino Eymal
Published: March 2024

Establishing a national area for coffee development is a step forward by the government to improve the economy of farming communities. However, five years after its enactment, it shows that things differ from the desired program objectives. There are widespread changes in land use by farmers as a result of the decreasing productivity of coffee plants. This study aims to identify changes in land use and predict changes in the future. We used the Cellular Automata (CA)–Markov model and secondary data to verify the results of this study. This study found that the change from coffee land cultivation to clove land cultivation has changed the agricultural landscape in the coffee area in the last five or seven years and is projected to continue to experience significant growth in the next three years. The trend of changing coffee land cultivation to clove cultivation is a form of farmer resilience towards a livelihood that is considered more profitable. The socio-economic factors of the farming community are a serious problem. The demands of household living needs are in a position that must be hastened without careful consideration of risks in the future. Cultivation knowledge, climate change, biophysical land conditions and socio-economic conditions are essential variables that encourage farmers' behaviour in changing the landscape of their plantations.
Early Signals of Physiological Response by Trichoderma asperellum AC.3 induction against Peronosclerospora spp. in Maize
Authors: Djaenuddin Nurasiah , Pakki Syahrir , Syafruddin Syafruddin , Yusnawan Eriyanto , Nasruddin Andi , Kuswinanti Tutik
Published: March 2024

Peronosclerospora spp. are economically important downy mildew pathogens of maize. The application of biotic agents is an alternative for controlling downy mildew. Biological control agent of Trichoderma spp. has been known not only directly fight pathogens but also induce resistance, including rapid production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). This study aims to identify T. asperellum AC.3 in inducing maize resistance against downy mildew through ROS production around infected area. There were three treatments in this study, namely filtrate culture, suspension, and control, where each treatment was tested on two varieties, namely JH37 and PulutUri. The results showed that ROS accumulation around infected area was greater in maize plants treated with T. asperellum AC.3 filtrate and suspension in both varieties. The ROS production as pathogen response was detected at 6 hours and maintained up to 12 hours. The ROS in the filtrate culture treatment of the JH37 variety had the largest area, 243 mm2, followed by the suspension treatment of the JH37 variety, then the filtrate and suspension treatment of the PulutUri variety. T. asperellum AC.3 triggered ROS production in maize infected by the downy mildew pathogen, therefore, maize plants could localize the infection of Peronosclerospora spp.
Farmers' Response to The Application of Augmentorium in Technology to Conserve Fruit Fly Parasitoid on Snake Fruit in Yogyakarta
Authors: Suputa Suputa , Pranowo Deni , Budiarti Sri Wahyuni , Subejo  , Basunanda Panjisakti
Published: March 2024

Snake fruit (Salacca zalacca) is a fruit plant suitable for cultivation in Turi, Yogyakarta, and its surroundings, which has been developed and sold domestically and for export. However, fruit fly is the most significant constraint to snake fruit production. Parasitoid augmentation is one way to control fruit flies through augmentorium technology. This study aimed to determine the level of knowledge and response of farmers to the introduction of augmentorium technology. Parameters observed knowledge and participants' responses to the introduction technology. The survey method with a questionnaire instrument was applied to obtain data on respondents who participated in the training of snake fruit farmers. Respondent response data was analyzed based on percentage, Likert scale, and Pearson correlation. The results showed that the response to the four components of the training material was good. The average respondent's knowledge score was 1.47. The augmentorium technology component has not been applied by farmers, with a score of 1.40. The level of farmers' knowledge of the application of augmentorium technology is closely related to a significance value of 0.49. A positive response to the application of the augmentorium technology was found, starting from their interest in applying the technology with a score of 2.97.
The development of honey pineapple jam production facilities in Bantaeng Regency
Authors: Asriani A. Andini , Achmad Mahmud , Iqbal Iqbal
Published: March 2024

Bunga Resky pineapple jam processing industry is located in Bantaeng Regency, which processes pineapples obtained from its own managed land. This industry has the potential with abundant fruit production during the harvest season. However, there are limitations related to the layout of the production facilities. The purpose of this research is to determine the pattern of development design in the pineapple jam processing industry at UKM Bunga Resky in Bantaeng Regency using Activity Relationship Chart (ARC) and BLOCPLAN. There are 20 altenative layout options generated by the BLOCPLAN method, with the layout selected based on the R-Score values approaching 1 and the lowost rail-dist score while considering the existing conditions in the industry. The selected layout is the layout 8, chosen because it has the best production flow suitability.
The Effectiveness of Working People's Poverty Surgery Program on Poor Households
Authors: Heliawati Heliawati , Kamaluddin Apiaty , Busthanul Nurbaya , Syafiuddin Mahsyur , Paradita Ainim , H Syam Siti , Rahmawati Nabila
Published: March 2024

The Prosperous People Poverty Surgery Program is one of the Ministry of Agriculture programs which aims to alleviate poverty and empower the poor to increase income and welfare through integrated agricultural activities. One type of aid distributed was assistance from broilers distributed in Awo Village, Keera Sub-District, Wajo District, South Sulawesi Province. This study aims to determine the stages of implementing the BEKERJA program and determine the effectiveness of the BEKERJA program for Poor Households. In this study, the number of informants was 13 people consisting of 1 key informant, 10 main informants, and 2 supporting informants. The analysis method used in this research was a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. This study uses four indicators in determining program effectiveness: the accuracy of program targets, program socialization, program objectives, and program monitoring. The results show that the effectiveness of the BEKERJA program is less effective because the indicators used in measuring the effectiveness do not meet the effective criteria.
Analysis of Supply Chain Integration, Innovation Capability, and Competitiveness of Coffee Processing Industry
Authors: Munizu Musran , Alam Syamsu , Pono Maat , Hamid Nurdjanah , Riyadi Slamet
Published: March 2024

Coffee is one of the leading products in the plantation sector in South Sulawesi Province, apart from cocoa and passion fruit. A number of previous studies have found that the sustainability of the coffee processing industry is largely determined by the supply chain system, innovation capabilities and business competitiveness. This study aims to identify and analyse a number of indicators that form the variables of supply chain integration, innovation capability and business competitiveness. Apart from that, to explain and analyse the indicators that provide the greatest contribution in forming these three variables. This study took data through a survey of 106 respondents who were owners/managers of the coffee processing industry. Data were analysed using both descriptive statistical analysis and conformational factor analysis. The results of this study show that an effective supply chain system will be achieved through integration with suppliers. Product innovation is an important element in forming a company's innovation capability. Then this study also confirms the importance of product quality as an important element in shaping the competitiveness of the coffee processing industry in South Sulawesi.
Dynamics, regional heterogeneity and robustness of fiscal poverty alleviation efficiency in China: dynamic network DEA and Bootstrap resampling methods
Authors: Ren Tiantian , Xiao Helu , Wang Shanping , Zhou Zhongbao
Published: March 2024

This paper aims to tackle the issues of evaluating the dynamic performance of fiscal poverty alleviation in 22 Chinese provinces (regions) over 2016–2019. First, we open up the internal structure of the fiscal poverty alleviation system (FPAS) and clarify its input-output process as a two-stage series system consisting of the public investment process and poverty reduction process. On this basis, we construct dynamic network DEA models with and without carryover activities for measuring the period efficiency and overall efficiency of FPASs (i.e., FPAS efficiency) and the period efficiency and overall efficiency of evaluation indicators (i.e., indicator efficiency), and also prove the relationship between the two proposed models. Second, we combine the proposed dynamic network DEA models and Bootstrap resampling method to assess the robustness of FPAS efficiency for exploring the risk of returning to poverty for each FPAS. The results show that: (i) the carryover activities have some impact on the FPAS efficiency and indicator efficiency; (ii) the period efficiency shows an upward trend, and most of FPASs or evaluation indicators have been at high efficiency in the sample period, but there is still regional heterogeneity; (iii) there are some differences between the indicator efficiency and there are some inconsistencies between them and the FPAS efficiency; (iv) bootstrap resampling results indicate that several FPASs have a great risk of returning to poverty.
Energetic particle acceleration and transport with the novel Icarus + PARADISE model
Authors: Husidic Edin , Wijsen Nicolas , Baratashvili Tinatin , Poedts Stefaan , Vainio Rami
Published: March 2024

With the rise of satellites and mankind’s growing dependence on technology, there is an increasing awareness of space weather phenomena related to high-energy particles. Shock waves driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and corotating interaction regions (CIRs) occasionally act as potent particle accelerators, generating hazardous solar energetic particles (SEPs) that pose risks to satellite electronics and astronauts. Numerical simulation tools capable of modelling and predicting large SEP events are thus highly demanded. We introduce the new Icarus + PARADISE model as an advancement of the previous EUHFORIA + PARADISE model. Icarus, based on the MPI-AMRVAC framework, is a three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic code that models solar wind configurations from 0.1 au onwards, encompassing transient structures like CMEs or CIRs. Differing from EUHFORIA’s uniform-only grid, Icarus incorporates solution adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) and grid stretching. The particle transport code PARADISE propagates energetic particles as test particles through these solar wind configurations by solving the focused transport equation in a stochastic manner. We validate our new model by reproducing EUHFORIA + PARADISE results. This is done by modelling the acceleration and transport of energetic particles in a synthetic solar wind configuration containing an embedded CIR. Subsequently, we illustrate how the simulation results vary with grid resolution by employing different levels of AMR. The resulting intensity profiles illustrate increased particle acceleration with higher levels of AMR in the shock region, better capturing the effects of the shock.
Evidence-based Ultrasound Education? – A Systematic Literature Review
of Undergraduate Ultrasound Training Studies
Authors: Neubauer Ricarda , Bauer Claus Juergen , Dietrich Christoph F. , Strizek Brigitte , Schäfer Valentin Sebastian , Recker Florian
Published: March 2024

Despite a large number of studies previously conducted on educational concepts of
ultrasound teaching in medical school, various controversial issues remain.
Currently, recommendations for ultrasound curricula that aim to standardize
ultrasound teaching are frequently based on expert panel advice instead of
relying on valid evidence-based literature. In December 2022, a systematic
literature review on the subject of undergraduate ultrasound education was
conducted. All ultrasound studies listed in the PubMed and Google Scholar
medical databases were filtered and analyzed with respect to various aspects of
their methodological conduct and curricular implementation. A total of 259
publications were considered in the data synthesis, including 145 teaching
studies in the field of undergraduate ultrasound education. The latter
encompassed 58 (40%) studies that did not compare their ultrasound training to a
control group. Furthermore, 84 (58%) of these studies did not assess knowledge
prior to the applied ultrasound training, neglecting this factor’s potential
influence on study outcomes. Despite a great interest in the development and
further implementation of ultrasound education during medical school, this
process is still compromised by significant deficiencies in studies that have
been conducted in the past. In order to provide a valid basis for curricular
decisions, teaching studies should fulfill essential methodological requirements
despite the multifactorial framework in which they are conducted. In the future,
a guide for the design of ultrasound studies could be a useful aid for
ultrasound enthusiasts and promote scientific knowledge gain.
Practices in the prescription of antiseizure medications: is it time to change?
Authors: Pinto Lécio Figueira , Silva Lucas Scárdua , João Rafael Batista , Boldrini Vinícius , Cendes Fernando , Yasuda Clarissa Lin
Published: March 2024

The treatment of epilepsy has advanced over the past 30 years through the development of new antiseizure medications (ASMs). Unfortunately, not all of them have been approved yet in Brazil, and many are still underused. When comparing new ASMs to older ones, they are generally not more effective in treating epilepsy. However, they offer better tolerability, with fewer interactions and long-term side effects, especially for patients with comorbidities or those requiring polytherapy. Enzyme induction caused by older ASMs is associated with increased cholesterol levels, drug interactions with decreased effects of statins and other cardiovascular medications, anticoagulants, chemotherapy, immunosuppressors, anti-infective agents (including HIV treatment), antidepressants, and contraceptives. Additionally, they can reduce levels of vitamin D and sex hormones, as well as decrease bone density. The increasing concern about these effects during life, especially after prolonged exposure, has led most developed countries to change prescription patterns in favor of new ASMs, particularly levetiracetam and lamotrigine. Both are also considered the safest options for women of childbearing age. Regrettably, the prescription trends in Brazil have remained largely unchanged over time. This can be partially attributed to the slower approval process of ASM and the reluctance of general physicians and neurologists to embrace these new concepts. In this concise review, we highlight the various advantages linked to the new ASM, aiming to promote a shift in the prescription pattern for ASM. The selection of ASM should be customized according to individual characteristics, and practical suggestions for choosing ASMs are provided in this paper.