bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Use of the Analytic Hierarchy Process in Improving Psychological Empowerment and Employee Performance
Authors: Gao Qianying , Xu Jing , Wang Qi , Wu Cisheng
Published: April 2023

The purpose is to further analyze the influence of AI technology on the psychology of employees in the computer industry and truly solve the problems encountered in enterprise management, such as difficult organizational relationship and lack of staff morale. With artificial intelligence algorithm as the research object, AI-based employee psychology and performance analysis model is built based on artificial neural network (ANN) from four aspects of work performance, psychological empowerment, work engagement, and perceived dynamic work environment. MATLAB tool is used, employee psychological empowerment index is taken as an input variable, and employee performance index is taken as output index. The validity of the models proposed in different studies is further verified through different test methods. The results show that artificial intelligence technology can positively affect employees' performance by improving their psychological empowerment, and the improvement of work performance is directly related to psychological empowerment.
Language Expression and Economic Value
Authors: Hu Geyang , Liu Yifang
Published: April 2023

As the stock market becomes increasingly diverse and complex, an accurate and feasible prediction of stock index has become an urgent demand for stock investors. As an important driver of changes in the stock market, financial discourse can guide investors' emotions, thus affecting the trading of stocks and the development of the stock market. Therefore, the prediction of stock index from the perspective of financial discourse emotion has gradually become a hotspot of research. Through the analysis of the existing literature, it is found that the models used in the current relevant research are not ideal, the prediction is not accurate, and there are problems such as single method, few selection indicators, narrow analysis area, etc. To solve the above problems, this study proposes an LSTM model integrating multiple feature emotional indexes, constructs the TextCNN emotional index and the metaphorical power index to quantitatively analyze the emotional expression and semantic use of news text, and then integrates the indexes into the LSTM neural network model to predict the Shanghai Stock Exchange Index.
Constitutive Activation of gp130 in T Cells Results in Senescence and Premature Aging
Authors: Rafii Puyan , Reusswig Friedrich , Werner Julia , Xu Haifeng , Lang Philpp A , Rose-John Stefan , Gorressen Simone , Alter Christina , Schrader Jürgen , Herebian Diran , Floss Doreen M , Elvers Margitta , Piekorz Roland P , Scheller Jürgen , Behnke Kristina
Published: April 2023

IL-6 family members contribute to host defense through the stimulation of acute-phase signaling, hematopoiesis, immune reactions, and regenerative processes. To investigate essential mechanisms that are linked toward a constitutively activated gp130 signaling, we generated and characterized a mouse model that reflects a constitutive and cytokine-independent activation of JAK/STAT3 signaling by Lgp130 in CD4- and CD8-positive T cells. Lgp130 is an engineered form of gp130 in which dimerization and activation are forced by a leucine zipper. T cell–specific Lgp130 activation resulted in massive phenotypical abnormalities, including splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, and an upregulation of innate immune system components shown by hyperinflammatory signatures in several organs. Moreover, T cell–restricted expression of Lgp130 resulted in increased numbers of cytotoxic and regulatory T cells, especially in lymph nodes. Consistent with this, we found an elevated platelet production and increase in megakaryocytes in the spleen and bone marrow that are causative for an acute thrombocytosis accompanied by anemia. Due to a shortened life span of T cell–specific Lgp130 mice, we could also show that next to an overall increase in regulatory cell-cycle genes, an activation of p53 and increased expression of p21 provide evidence for a senescence-like phenotype. Together, these data suggest that T cell–restricted gp130 activation is not only involved in autoimmune processes but also in senescence-associated aging. Therefore, Lgp130 expression in T cells might be a suitable model to study inflammation and disease.
CD4/CD8 Ratio could be predictor of burden hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptian chronic hepatitis C after combined sofosbuvir and daclatasvir therapy
Authors: El Menshawy Nadia , Hassan Noha , Khariza Mohamed , AlAshery Hala , Baghat Monir , Ashour Rehab
Published: April 2023

Background: During the first years of the use of direct acting Hepatitis C antiviral drugs (DAAS), several studies reported a possible correlation between this new era of treatment and an increased risk of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Its development could possibly be favored by the changes in the immunological milieu and the different cellular behavior after eradication of HCV infection with them. For this reason, this study aimed to address the immunological effect of DAAS.

Subject & methods: Prospective paired -sample design, carried out on 90 naïve chronically infected HCV patients before and after receiving a combination therapy of sofosbuvir; at a dose of 400 mg once daily and daclatasvir; at a dose of 60 mg once daily for 12 weeks and follow up for one year. immunological tests including: total T cell count, T helper cell count, T cytotoxic cell count and natural killer cell count in peripheral blood through (CD3, CD3/CD4, CD3/CD8 and CD56 respectively) by Fluorochrome monoclonal antibodies labelled with specific dyes through Multiparameter, FACSCanto ™ II flow cytometer(Becton Dickinson, USA).

Result: Concerning the immunological changes, total T cells (CD3+), Natural killer cells showed non-significant decrease at end of therapy while significant decrease in T helper cells (CD3+CD4+) T cytotoxic cells (CD3+CD8+) compared to pre-treatment value. Long follow up revealed 26.6% developed focal HCC, in more addition, multivariate analysis show CD4/CD8 ratio could be predictor as well as sex for early development of HCC after combined DAAS therapy.

Conclusion: HCV treatment by DAAS produces significant decrease in T helper, T cytotoxic cells in CHC patients at the end of therapy. 26.6% developed focal HCC with independent CD4/CD8 predictor for burden malignancy. Further large extended population study is needed for clarify this concern.

Keywords: HCV, DAAS Therapy; T helper; T Cytotoxic; natural killer cells; hepatocellular carcinoma.
Comparative study of antipyretic potency of extracts of morinda lucida leaves and fruits of capsicum frutescens in albino rats
Authors: A Adefolalu Adedotun , V Owoyele Bamidele , A Adesokan Ayoade
Published: April 2023

Background: Morinda lucida leaves and fruits of Capsicum frutescens are used locally in the management of fever in Nigeria. No scientific credence has been lent to this claim.

Objective: To investigate the antipyretic effect and potency of aqueous extracts of Morinda lucida leaves and fruits of Capsicum frutescens in albino rats.

Method: Brewer's yeast was used to induce pyrexia. Thirty animals were divided into six groups. Group A was orally administered normal saline (103 mg/kg). Group B was served indomethacin (5 mg/kg), while groups C and D received aqueous extract of Capsicum frutescens at 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg, 17 hours post induction of pyrexia. Groups E and F were administered extract of Morinda lucida at the same doses. Rectal temperature of the animals was taken at 60-, 90- and 120-minutes post-treatment.

Results: Both C. frutescens and M. lucida produced significant reduction (p<0.05) in rectal temperature after 120 minutes in the rats compared with animals in the control group. Also, the antipyretic activities of the two extracts at 100mg/kg and 200mg/ kg were comparable to 5mg/kg of indomethacin, with apparent dose dependence in the antipyretic activities of both extracts.

Conclusion: Morinda lucida leaves and fruits of Capsicum frutescens exhibit dose-dependent antipyretic activities.

Keywords: Morinda lucida; Capsicum frutescens; brewer’s yeast; antipyretic; rectal temperature.
Comparative cardiac effects of antimalarial drug halofantrine with or without concomitant administration of kolanut or fluconazole in healthy volunteers
Authors: DA Adedapo Aduragbenro , B Ojji Dike , S Adedapo Kayode , Kolade Yetunde , P Babalola Chinedum
Published: April 2023

Background: There is rekindled interest in the cardiotoxicity of antimalarial medicines. Halofantrine is associated with QT interval prolongation. Fluconazole and kolanut alter the pharmacokinetics of halofantrine.

Objectives: The study assessed the electrocardiographic changes of concomitant administration of kolanut or fluconazole with halofantrine and the effects on the QTc interval.

Methods: Eighteen healthy volunteers received a single oral dose of halofantrine, halofantrine with kolanut or halofantrine with fluconazole in a crossover study. Twelve lead electrocardiography (ECG) was performed to measure the PR and QT interval (QTc). Statistical analysis was with SPSS at 5% level of significance.

Results: PR intervals were shortened by halofantrine alone and halofantrine with kolanut (169.29 28.67 to 165.29 28.007 and 172.73 29.843 to 163.00 18.336ms) but was prolonged by halofantrine with fluconazole (177.70 27.394 to 186.59 44.434ms). There was prolongation of QTc (384.76 21.727 to 394.12 21.525; 381.36 22.29 to 388.30 17.26 and 382.35 20.08 to 390.84 21.97) in all the three treatment groups at 6 hours, p>0.05. One subject on halofantrine and fluconazole had QTc >440ms. Pre-treatment PR interval (PR0) correlated well with post-treatment PR6, and with PR14 r= 0.519, p= 0.014; r=0.664, p=0.013.

Conclusion: Concomitant intake of kolanut with halofantrine was significantly decrease cardiac effect of halofantrine.

Keywords: Drug interaction; fluconazole; halofantrine; kolanut; malaria; QT prolongation.
Effect of inter-pregnancy interval on serum ferritin, haematocrit and pregnancy outcome in Ilorin, Nigeria
Authors: Elegbua Callistus , Raji Hadijat , Biliaminu Sikiru , Ezeoke Grace , Adeniran Abiodun
Published: April 2023

Background: Available information remains limited on inter-pregnancy interval (IPI) and its effect on maternal health and pregnancy outcome.

Objectives: To determine the effect of IPI on maternal serum ferritin, haematocrit and pregnancy outcome.

Materials and methods: A prospective cohort study of 316 women categorized into WHO recommended IPI of ≥24 months (group I) and IPI <24 months i.e. short IPI (SIPI) as group II after matching for gestational age and social status. Serum ferritin and haematocrit levels were assayed in first and second trimesters; primary outcome measures were maternal serum ferritin, haematocrit and pregnancy outcome gestational age at delivery, birth and placental weights, APGAR scores and neonatal intensive admission). Participants were followed up until six-week post-delivery. Data analysis was with SPSS version 21.0; p<0.05 wassignificant.

Results: Women in group I had higher mean serum ferritin (37.40±3.15 vs. 32.61±2.68; P<0.001), booking haematocrit (33.24±3.59 vs. 27.92±2.67; P<0.001) and mean birth weight (3100±310 vs. 2700±350; P<0.001). Antenatal hospital admission (P0.002), preterm delivery (P<0.001) and neonatal intensive care admission (P<0.001) were higher for group II. There was no maternal mortality; perinatal mortality was zero (group I) and 95/1000 livebirth (group II).

Conclusion: Low serum ferritin, haematocrit and adverse neonatal outcomes were associated with SIPI.

Keywords: Inter-pregnancy interval; serum ferritin; haematocrit; pregnancy outcome.
What factors are associated with anaemia in pregnancy among Nigerian women? Evidence from a national survey
Authors: Olusola Adeyemi Emmanuel , Olumuyiwa Ojo Temitope , Quinn Megan , Brooks Bill , Anuoluwapo Oke Oluwabunmi
Published: April 2023

Background: Anaemia in pregnancy remains a severe public health problem in sub-Saharan African countries including Nigeria.

Objectives: To assess factors associated with anaemia in pregnancy among Nigerian women.

Methods: A secondary analysis of the 2018 Nigeria demographic health survey was conducted to determine the predictors of anaemia among Nigerian pregnant women (N=1522). SAS 9.4 was used for the analysis.

Results: The prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy was 61.1%. On multivariable logistic regression analysis, women in the North-central (AOR=2.52, CI=1.46-4.35) and South-south (AOR=2.21, CI=1.06-4.59) had increased odds of anaemia in pregnancy, compared to those in the Northwest. Women with no education (AOR=2.38, CI=1.28-4.44), primary education (AOR=3.06, CI=1.58-5.96) and secondary education (AOR=1.75, CI=1.04-2.94) had increased odds of anaemia in pregnancy compared to women with teriary education. Also, women not in marital union had increased odds of anaemia in pregnancy compared to women in a union (AOR=2.56, CI=1.15-5.72). Women in the second (AOR=2.42, CI=1.79-3.29) and third trimesters of pregnancy (AOR=2.83, CI=2.07-3.89) had increased odds of anaemia.

Conclusion: These findings are important for the control of anemia among pregnant Nigerian women. Women in the Northcentral and Southsouth zones are particularly at risk for anaemia in pregnancy and should receive special attention during antenatal care.

Keywords: Determinants; Anaemia; Pregnancy; Nigerian women
Hyperglycaemia in pregnancy: knowledge and correlates amongst antenatal care providers in healthcare facilities in Jos, Nigeria
Authors: Imoh Lucius , Longwap Abdulazis , Yersib Nicholas , Gowok Dungrit , Muhammad Zainab , Imoh Joy , Banwat Mathilda
Published: April 2023

Background: Antenatal healthcare providers’ (AHPs) knowledge about hyperglycaemia in pregnancy (HIP) and its screening best practices affect the management of affected pregnant women. We assessed the knowledge of HIP and associated factors amongst first line AHPs.

Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study involved 188 Doctors, Nurses and Community Health providers directly involved in providing antenatal care at all levels of health care in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria, selected through total sampling technique.

Result: A total of 103 AHPs (54.8%) were females. The mean knowledge score (SD) score was 17.0+/-5.5 (out of 30). Only 93 (49.5%) had a good knowledge of HIP (Knowledge score ≥18). Only 88 (46.8%) could correctly identify 75g OGTT or 100g OGTT as diagnostic tests for GDM. Gender, category of hospital, level of care of the institution and job designation were significantly associated with knowledge of HIP after bivariate analysis (p < 0.05). After multivariate analysis using logistic regression analysis, only the category of institution and job designation were independently associated with knowledge of HIP.

Conclusion: The general level of knowledge of HIP among AHPs is average but awareness of testing and management guidelines is very poor hence the need for regular updates for health professionals.

Keywords: Hyperglycaemia in Pregnancy; gestational diabetes mellitus; knowledge of GDM; guidelines for GDM.
Examining the maternal health services-seeking behaviour among adolescent urban refugees in Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Nakisita Olivia , Kirabo-Nagemi Charity
Published: April 2023

Background: Reproductive health is a key concern during crisis situations and improving maternal health is crucial. In Uganda, refugees living in urban areas are expected to be self-reliant and this makes the adolescents who get pregnant vulnerable.

Objective: To investigate the maternal health services seeking behaviour of the adolescent refugees in Kampala. 

Methods: This study examined the experiences of twenty refugee girls who got pregnant and delivered babies from the ages of 10 to 19, while living in Kampala. This was done through in-depth interviews. Thematic content analysis was used to interpret, code and analyze the data.

Results: This study found that many of the refugee girls get pregnant as a result of sexual violence. The girls seek maternal health services from the public and private facilities around Kampala, but face barriers to access and utilization like poverty, language barrier, health worker’s attitudes, and overcrowded facilities and therefore many received suboptimal care.

Conclusion: The urban refugee adolescents who get pregnant face several challenges to utilize maternal health services. Increased funding, favourable policies and programs are needed to support these girls to access comprehensive maternal health services because they face multiple vulnerabilities.

Keywords: Adolescent health; refugees; maternal health services.
An evaluation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (Mmp-9) and tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1 (Timp-1) Serum levels and the Mmp-9/Timp-1 Ratio in Covid-19 patients
Authors: Aktug Demir Nazlim , Yilmaz Kirik Sema , Sumer Sua , Ural Onur , Esranur Kiratlı Hatice , Vatansev Husamettin , Paydas Hayatsal Esra , Arslan Ugur , Cebeci Hakan , Saltuk Demir Lutfi
Published: April 2023

Background: The progression of COVID-19 has different clinical presentations, which raises a number of immunological questions.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and whether the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio is associated with lung involvement in COVID-19.

Methods: This study was conducted with 192 patients and 45 healthy controls. ELISA was used to measure the MMP-9 and TIMP-1.

Results: The MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels of the patients were found to be higher than those of the controls. MMP-9 and TIMP- 1 were detected more in patients with lung involvement on chest CT scans than in those with no lung involvement on chest CT scans. A comparison of lung involvement levels revealed no difference was found between the groups. The MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio was 5.8 in the group with lung involvement on chest CT scans and 6.1 in the group without lung involvement on chest CT scans. No difference was found between the two groups. A comparison with respect to lung involvement levels showed that theMMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio difference was found between the groups.

Conclusion: Diagnostic and treatment methods targeting MMP-9 activity or neutrophil activation may be important in predictinglung involvement in COVID-19 and directing clinical outcomes.

Keywords: COVID-19; MMP-9; TIMP-1.
Health-related quality of life in patients with low back pain in a low resource setting: a cross-sectional study at a tertiary hospital in Uganda
Authors: Amesiya Robert , Nyati Mallon , Waiswa Gonzaga , S Mwaka Erisa
Published: April 2023

Background: Low back pain is the leading global cause of years lost to disability. The study aimed to assess the health-related quality of life in patients with low back pain attending an outpatient clinic at a national referral hospital in Uganda

Methods: This was a hospital based cross-sectional study that involved 250 adult patients with low back pain. Data were collected using the modified short form-36 Health Survey questionnaire. Data were summarised using descriptive statistics. Analysis of Variance, the F-test and linear regression analysis were used for inferential statistics.

Result: Majority of participants were female (66.4%) with a mean age of 60 years (SD 12.9, range 20- 87) and 44.6% were manual labourers. 70% of participants had had low back pain for more than one year and 74% had neuropathic symptoms. The total quality of life of participants was poor with a mean score of 31.9 (SD 15.6). The factors that significantly influenced quality of Llife included performing manual work (p=0.01), being unemployed (p=0.027) and weakness in the lower limbs (p=0.01).

Conclusion: Patients with low back pain had a poor quality of life that was significantly influenced by being unemployed, doing manual work and clinical features of nerve compression.

Keywords: Low back pain; Quality of life; Health-related.
Establishment of a urogynecology cadaver-based hands-on workshop
Authors: M Elbiss Hassan , M Abu-Zidan Fikri
Published: April 2023

Background: It is important to train gynecologists and urologists on the principles of urogynecological surgery.

Objectives: To report our recent experience in developing a curriculum, application, and the learning outcome of a urogynecology workshop using cadaver training.

Methods: A full day structured urogynecology cadaver-based educational hands-on course was developed. The theoretical component consisted of lectures on female urinary incontinence and genital prolapse. Hands-on training was on three cadaver stations: First to instruct and guide through the surgical steps of transobturator vaginal tape; second to perform sacrospinous fixation; and third to insert of vaginal mesh. Knowledge gained was evaluated using multiple choice questions. The course was evaluated using a structured seven-point Likert type questionnaire.

Results: There was an a statistically significant improvement in the post-test MCQ marks compared with the pre-test marks (P<0.01) and in the pass percentage (7% compared with 100%, P< 0.001). The overall rating of the workshop was 6.7 out of 7.

Conclusions: Our course was highly valued by the participants who came from all over the Middle East. The course was enjoyable and achieved its objectives while the participants gained new knowledge and surgical skills.

Keywords: Cadaver; pelvic floor; surgery; skills; training; assessment.
Assessment of the willingness of Nigerian Orthodontists to offer face-to-face orthodontic services to patients infected with Covid-19
Authors: Emmanuel Adeyemi Tope , Ndudi Adekoya Monica , Angelina Aikins Elfleda
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Efforts to contain the spread of the COVID-19 disease led to suspension of many services which caused orthodontists to resort to providing only emergency services. The aims of this study were to assess the willingness of Nigerian Orthodontists and Orthodontic resident doctors to treat patients infected with Covid-19 as well as to ascertain advice given regarding traumatic arch wires and aligners during the pandemic.

Participants and study design: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. We included dentists who were Orthodontists and orthodontic resident doctors practicing in Nigeria. Data was collected via an online questionnaire (Google form) which was sent three times weekly throughout May/June, 2020 and analysed using SPSS version 23. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data.

Results: Forty-eight out of the 90 members of the WhatsApp group responded within the allotted time, giving a response rate of 53.3%. Out of a total of 48 respondents, 39 (81.3%) were unwilling to treat patients infected with COVID-19 during the pandemic. The major reason was fear of infection with the virus (12, 25.0%). Most of the respondents (41, 55.4%) suggested the use of wax for relief of trauma from arch wires.

Conclusion: Majority of Orthodontists and orthodontic residents practicing in Nigeria expressed unwillingness to treat patients infected with COVID-19. Aligner therapy was proffered as an alternative to bracket therapy.

Keywords: Emergency orthodontics; COVID-19; unwillingness to treat; trauma; aligners.
Neonatal jaundice: magnitude of the problem in Cairo University’s neonatal intensive Care unit as a referral center
Authors: Emil Ghobrial Emad , Mohamed Al Sayed Hashem , Elmeneim Mohamed Saher Abd , El-Din Reem Mahmoud Badr
Published: April 2023

Background: Neonatal jaundice is one of the most common physiologic problems requiring medical attention in newborns. It is benign in most cases; however, high levels of bilirubin are neurotoxic and can lead to serious brain damage.

Objectives: This study aimed at assessment of magnitude of neonatal jaundice in cases of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia admitted into neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), Cairo University Pediatric Hospital and to detect possible etiologies, management and outcome.

Methods: The present work is a retrospective study, included 789 neonates suffered from hyperbilirubinemia over a two-year period.

Results: Intensive phototherapy and exchange transfusion were used together in 6 cases. Two hundreds and twenty-two cases (28.1%) had exchange transfusion once, 44 cases had it twice, 6 cases had it 3 times and one case had it 4 times. Number of exchange transfusion significantly affects mortality among cases (P= 0.02).

Conclusion: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is an existing problem in our NICU. Intensive phototherapy is an excellent substitute for exchange transfusion. Respiratory distress and sepsis are significantly higher among dead cases. Screening for risk factors is needed to avoid critical hyperbilirubenemia.

KeyWords: Indirect hyperbilirubinemia; phototherapy; exchange transfusion.
Physician perspectives on the DNR order in Turkey: A survey of physicians in Internal Medicine
Authors: Cemal Hüseyin Güvercin , Ayşe Pelin Kurtoğlu , Güvercin Ayşe Canan Yazici
Published: April 2023

Background: Do not resuscitate (DNR) is a controversial ethico-legal issue and there is no legal regulation in Turkey. Evaluating the physicians' views on DNR is critical to the current problems and contributes to legal regulation.

Objectives: To examine the views of intensive care unit residents on DNR and the sociocultural and occupational factors affecting them.

Methods: The research is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The sample of the study consists of 203 residents of internal medicine working in the intensive care unit in a university hospital. A questionnaire form was used as a data collection tool.

Results: 62.6% of the physicians know that there is no legal regulation regarding DNR in Turkey, and 14.3% think that DNR is performed. Female physicians approve of DNR at a higher rate than men (p<0.01). Physicians with more experience in the profession stated that not all patients should be performed cardiopulmonary resuscitation (p<0.01), and DNR should be a right (p<0.05). The vast majority of physicians stated that DNR should be legal (88.1%) and should be included in residency training (85.6%).

Conclusions: It is necessary to establish legal regulations on DNR and implement residency training programs that will ensure the continuous professional development of physicians.

Keywords: Do not resuscitate (DNR); physicians' views; legal regulation.
A critical review of literature on health financing reforms in Uganda – progress, challenges and opportunities for achieving UHC
Authors: Denis Odoch Walter , Senkubuge Flavia , Bosibori Masese Ann , Hongoro Charles
Published: April 2023

Background: Universal health coverage (UHC) is one of the sustainable development goals (SDG) targets. Progress towards UHC necessitates health financing reforms in many countries. Uganda has had reforms in its health financing, however, there has been no examination of how the reforms align with the principles of financing for UHC.

Objective: This review examines how health financing reforms in Uganda align with UHC principles and contribute to ongoing discussions on financing UHC.

Methods: We conducted a critical review of literature and utilized thematic framework for analysis. Results are presented narratively. The analysis focused on health financing during four health sector strategic plan (HSSP) periods.

Results: In HSSP I, the focus of health financing was on equity, while in HSSP II the focus was on mobilizing more funding. In HSSP III & IV the focus was on financial risk protection and UHC. The changes in focus in health financing objectives have been informed by low per capita expenditures, global level discussions on SDGs and UHC, and the ongoing health financing reform discussions. User fees was abolished in 2001, sector-wide approach was implemented during HSSP I&II, and pilots with results-based financing have occurred. These financing initiatives have not led to significant improvements in financial risk protectionas indicated by the high out-of-pocket payments.

Conclusion: Health financing policy intentions were aligned with WHO guidance on reforms towards UHC, however actual outputs and outcomes in terms of improvement in health financing functions and financial risk protections remain far from the intentions.

Keywords: Uganda; Universal health coverage; health financing.
Identification of orbital arteries by means of stamp-pad ink on embalmed cadavers
Authors: Mpolokeng Kentse , Louw Graham , Labuschagne Matthys , Potgieter Henk
Published: April 2023

Vascular identification is an effective way of analysing the vascular system from large to very small blood vessels in cadaveric studies. A variety of vascular injection products have been utilised over the past decades to facilitate and demonstrate dissection of the blood vessels. The coloured dye used to demonstrate the branching patterns of the vascular system was introduced by Jean Riolan (1580 to 1657) (Doomernik et al., 2016). Although different identification techniques are available, only a few can be used on the specimens during dissections. A total of 118 human eyes from 59 bodies were dissected and all blood vessels were exposed. The ophthalmic artery (OA) and its branches were identified by means of fine dissections. The aid of a lighted magnifying glass made fine dissections of small blood vessels possible. After removing the orbital fat around the blood vessels, the arteries were then smoothly painted with the red stamp-pad ink and a paintbrush. Specimens were then allowed to dry at room temperature before photographic capturing and recording of the OA and its branches in each of the specimens were made. An accurate identification of the arterial system was possible as the arteries were followed intraorbitally from the point where the OA emerged from the optic canal on course with the optic nerve. All branches of the OA that were present were identified and recorded. The application of stamp-pad ink as a dye is useful in the marking and identification of anatomical structures and can be used in the anatomy training for both undergraduate and postgraduate students.
Morphology and topography of the renal arteries in the melanoderm living in Benin
Authors: Laleye Christel Marie , Videgla Boris Landry Enagnon , Sogan Ananivi , Hadonou Ayaovi Armel , Hounton Saturnin Emmanuel Dèdonou , Biaou Olivier , Mehinto Delphin Kuassi , Hounnou Martial Gervais , Agossou - Voyeme Augustin Karl
Published: April 2023

Renal artery variations may relate to the origin, course, and end branches of renal artery divisions. To describe the morphology and topography of renal arteries in melanoderm living in Benin. This was a retrospective study from March 1, 2016 to April 31, 2017, i.e. 14 months. The study population consisted of all injected abdominal CT scans clearly highlighting the renal artery and its branches from the CT scan unit of CNHU-HKM. The data collected was entered into CSPro 6.2 software and then processed and analyzed using stata 13 software. The right renal arteries originated in an antero-lateral position on the aorta in 84.4% of cases, while those left in a mediolateral position in 45.9% of cases. They were projected mainly opposite L1 on the right and L2 on the left. Regarding their courses, all the arteries studied were concave posteriorly in the transverse plane and mostly concave above and upwards. Finally, the renal arteries mostly end by bifurcating into anterior and posterior branches in 88.5% of cases, by trifurcating in 1.5% of cases, rarely they divide into 4 branches. The renal arteries arise on the right in an antero-lateral position on the aorta and on the left in a medio-lateral position. They are lower located on the left with a concave path backwards and upwards then head upwards. Finally, they end by bifurcating. This knowledge is essential for patricians working on the kidneys.
Absolute and relative foot dimensions of males and females school children in Southwest Nigeria aged 10 to 18 years
Authors: Godwin Mbaka , Mario Adelaja
Published: April 2023

Absolute and relative foot dimensions are two classifications of anthropometric measures that are of important consideration when designing footwear for males and females. Besides, it can also be of benefit to the clinicians in determining foot types and deformities. A localized, two-stage, stratified, Cross-sectional survey was conducted in 10 secondary schools involving male and female students with a total sample size of 518 (males: n= 235, 45.36% females: n 283, 54.63%) aged 10 to 18 years selected across different ethnic groups in public and private secondary schools in Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria. The independent t-test conducted on the students population shows that the males’ foot length were statistically significantly longer (left foot: 24.79±1.87cm; right foot: 24.77±1.89cm) than that of their females’ counterpart (left foot: 23.38±1.39cm; right foot: 23.40±1.35cm), (left foot: t (518) =9.8190; right foot: t (518) = 9.6080), p=0.0000). The males’ heel width were statistically significantly wider (left foot: 5.56±0.82cm; right foot: 5.63±0.84cm) than that of the females’ heel width (left foot: 5.29±0.72cm; right foot: 5.29±0.71cm), (left foot: t (518) =3.9520; right foot: t (518) = 4.9894), p=0.0000). Similarly, the ball width of the male students was statistically significantly wider (left foot: 9.23±0.98cm; right foot: 9.31±0.97cm) than that of the female students ball width (left foot: 8.70±0.72cm; right foot: 8.66±0.76cm), (left foot: t (518) =7.1435; right foot: t (518) = 8.5605), p=0.0000). A one-way ANOVA conducted on the children’s foot length, heel width and ball width at different age cohorts showed statistically significant difference between the four age groups. This study concluded that the absolute and relative foot dimensions of male children were larger than their female counterparts from the assessed parameters. The result also revealed statistically significant differences in foot dimensions at different age categories.
Prognostic Importance of Lactate and Blood Gas Parameters in Predicting Mortality in Patients with Critical Malignancies
Authors: Erdur Ahmet , Guven Ramazan , Can Doganay , Gurkan Talha Tuleyb , Ak Ertugrul , Avci Akkan
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to detect the prognostic importance of lactate and other blood gas parameters for mortality prediction in patients with critical malignancies referring to the emergency service. The general condition of patients with malignancy who have referred to the emergency department should be evaluated and it should be shown that they are not in any oncological emergency. It is a highly significant predictor of mortality after sepsis and shock in hyperlactatemia accompanying metabolic acidosis. It is significantly used for treatment monitoring.METHODS: This study was planned prospective and observational study. The patients enrolled were divided into two groups including survivor and non-survivor depending on 30-day mortality. The primary outcome of the study was determined as following the mortality within 30 days.RESULTS: The mean lactate level was 1.9 (1.4-2.5) mmol/L in the survivor group, and 2.6 (1.9-4.4) mmol/L in the non-survivor group; a significant difference was obtained between both groups (p<0.001). When the cut-off value of the lactate was determined as >2.95 mmol/L in order to differentiate the survivors from nonsurvivors, the sensitivity and specificity were detected as 35.0% and 86.1%, respectively. It was detected by the multivariate regression analysis that lactate predicts the 30-day mortality with a higher significance level in patients with critical malignancies.CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that lactate is a good predictor and may be used safely in predicting 30-day mortality in patients with any critical malignancy referring to the emergency department.
Magnitude of Spousal Violence and Associated Factors among Midlife Women in Ethiopia
Authors: Mekonnen Birye Dessalegn , Balemual Netsanet
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND፡ Intimate partner violence is the most common form of gender-based violence and has enormous maternal health consequences. There is limited evidence concerning the magnitude and determinants of intimate partner violence amongst midlife women. Thus, this study aimed to determine the extent of and the factors contributing to spousal violence amongst midlife Ethiopian women.METHODS: The 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data were examined, and a sample of 1628 ever-married midlife women was included. The analysis was performed using SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the determinants of intimate partner violence. All statistical significance was declared at p value < 0.05.RESULTS: The prevalence of spousal violence among midlife women in Ethiopia was 31.8%. Age of women, divorced, and working status were significantly associated with spousal violence. The likelihood of spousal violence is increase among midlife women who had no formal education, less decision-making power in household, and had partner who had drinking habit.CONCLUSION: This study showed that nearly one-thirds of midlife Ethiopian women have experienced spousal violence in their lifetime. Empowering midlife women by giving them decisionmaking tools and educating them to deal with, and prevent spousal violence may be effective strategies in reducing this problem.
HIV-1 Transmission Cluster in Injection Drug Users in Nairobi City, Kenya
Authors: Webale Sella K. , Kilongosi Mark , Munyekenye Godwil , Onyango David , Marwa Immaculate , Bowen Nancy
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND: While there is a striking increase in the prevalence of HIV in injection drug users, information on envelope-gene subtypes and transmission clusters in injection drug users is scarce.METHOD: In a cross-sectional study, 247 injection drug users were recruited via out-rich method. Deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted from dry blood spot samples, amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction and sequenced. Subtyping was performed using COntext-based Modeling for Expeditious Typing (COMET) and Recombinant Identification Program (RIP) tools. Phylogenetic diversity and Transmission clusters were identified using MEGA version 6.0 and TreeLink, respectively.RESULTS: Overall, 42 (17.0%) injection drug users were sero-positive for HIV-1. Of the 37 samples successfully sequenced, 29 (78.4%) sequences were identified as A1, 6 (16.2%) as AG while 1 (2.7%) as A1/G/AE and A1/C recombinants. The HIV subtypes formed clusters with little genetic diversity.CONCLUSION: The high HIV prevalence was associated with transmission clusters and diversity in subtypes indicating ongoing local transmission. Therefore, there is need for comprehensive HIV care tailored to this population.
Atrial Fibrillation in Heart Failure: Epidemiology, Quality of Life and Clinical Characteristics in the Iron Deficiency and ANaemia in Heart Failure (IDAN-HF) Study in Ogbomoso, Nigeria
Authors: Akintunde Adeseye A. , Akinlade Olawale M.
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND: The cluster of atrial fibrillation (AF) with heart failure (HF) may be associated with a poorer prognosis. Its epidemiology and impact on clinical outcomes and quality of life among HF subjects in Africa have not yet been fully described. This study aimed at describing the epidemiology of AF among HF subjects, its impact on quality of life, clinical characteristics, and associations.Methods: 140 HF subjects were recruited by stratified random sampling method, and 12-lead electrocardiography was done to diagnose AF. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS 21.0. Informed consent was obtained from all participants.RESULTS: The frequency occurrence of AF was 28 (20.0%) of the HF subjects and were similar in age, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, right ventricular internal dimension, packed cell volume, and gender distribution with those in sinus rhythm. The mean (S.D) six minutes walk test distance was significantly lower among HF subjects with AF compared to those without AF (171.1± 88.9 vs. 225.8 ± 102.1m respectively, p <0.05). Pulmonary hypertension, intracardiac clots, and kidney dysfunction were more frequent among HF subjects with AF than among those without AF. HF subjects with AF had a higher frequency of clusters of comorbidities than those without AF. AF was most prevalent and left atrial dimension was highest among subjects who had HF with reduced ejection fraction, compared to other HF phenotypes.CONCLUSION: AF is common in HF among Nigerians and is associated with poor quality of life and poorer functional status compared to those with sinus rhythm.
Traditional Perceptions of Climate Change Phenomenon Influencing Adaptation Decisions among Women Crop Farmers in Southern Nigeria
Authors: Ifeanyi-obi Chinwoke Clara , Wigwe Chimkanmma Chimenem , Adesope Olufemi Martins , Obafemi Andrew
Published: April 2023

The study assessed traditional perceptions of climate change phenomenon influencing adaptation decisions among women crop farmers in southern  Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 420 rural women crop farmers for the study. Structured interview schedule through the use  of Open Data Kit, focus group discussion and in-depth interview were used to collect data. Data were analysed using mean, percentages and Binary Logit  regression. Approximately 89% had taken the decision to adapt to climate change with 81% supporting their decision with action by utilizing available  climate change adaptation strategies. The belief that climate change is too complex to understand ( x̄= 2.83), caused solely by man’s carelessness over his  environment ( x̄= 2.97), rainfall and temperature variation ( x̄= 3.07), violation of traditional farming rituals (x̄ = 2.72) and God’s anger on mankind (x̄ = 2. 65)  were the major traditional perceptions of climate change influencing adaptation decisions among rural women crop farmers. The traditional perceptions  of climate change among other factors were found to influence rural women crop farmers’ decision to adapt to climate change. Knowledge building  through training workshops on climate change is key to stimulating right adaptation decisions and action among rural women crop farmers.
Determinants of Communication Channel Used among Rice Value Chain Actors in Nasarawa and Benue States, Nigeria
Authors: Nwobodo Cynthia Ebere , Agwu Ekwe Agwu , Okoronkwo David John , Innih Celestina Dupe
Published: April 2023

The study assessed the determinants of communication channel use among rice value chain actors in Nasarawa and Benue States, Nigeria. A multistage  sampling procedure was used to select six hundred (600) respondents. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview schedule and were  analyzed using a binary logistic regression model with the forced entry method. Results show that the full Logit Regression model containing all the  predictors for determinants of use of face-to-face communication channel (x2 = 19.74), mobile phone (x2 = 46.453), radio (x2 = 55.12), television (x2 = 34.41) and print media (x2 = 29.71) were statistically significant. The key determinants for the use of mobile phones include: sex, age, number of social  organizations, and years of experience while sex, age, and number of years spent in school were key determinants in the use of television. Therefore,  extension agents should consider the different socio-economic groups in selecting communication channels in reaching out to rice value chain actors as  identified. Also, extension agencies should create awareness, and provide training opportunities to enable actors to take advantage of the available  channels in rice value chain communication.
Challenges and Training Needs for Integrating Social Media into Agricultural Extension Services in Enugu State, Nigeria
Authors: Iwuchukwu Julina Chinasa , Eke Okechukwu George , Arigbo Precious Obinna , Chukwudum Eucharia Ogochukwu , Igwe Ngozi Justina
Published: April 2023

This research examined the challenges, and training needs for the integration of social media into extension in Enugu State, Nigeria. Ninety-seven  agricultural extension workers were proportionately selected from six agricultural zones in Enugu State. Data were generated through a questionnaire  and results were presented with percentages and mean scores. The major challenge to the use of social media was the lack of access to social media by  some target audiences ( x̄ =1.55) and the complexity of the devices (phone and media). Some areas of training needs of the extension workers were how  to place advertisements using Youtube (89.5%), how to transform images on Instagram (89%), how to post a link on Twitter (83.6%) and how to update  WhatsApp application (79.4%). The government and extension organization should provide internet and internet-enabled devices as part of tools for  extension work and the use of social media should be incorporated as part of continuous professional development (CPD) for extension agents by   extension organizations in Enugu State.
Assessment of Workplace Hazard Awareness, Work-related Health Complaints and Safety Measures among Welders in Benin City, Nigeria
Authors: Adeniyi T.S. , Isah E.C.
Published: April 2023

Background: Welding processes are known to expose welders to occupational health hazards. Awareness gap regarding these hazards and their control  is a major factor contributing to high rate of occupational illnesses and injuries among welders. This research is aimed at assessing awareness of  workplace hazards, work-related health complaints and safety measures among welders in Benin City.

Methods: Data was collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire from 441 welders recruited by a multistage sampling technique in a  descriptive cross-sectional study design. IBM SPSS 25 was used for data entry and analysis. Descriptive and inferential statistics were done with p-values  of 0.05 considered statistically significant

Results: High proportions 402 (91.2%) and 435 (98.6%) of the welders had good awareness for their workplace hazards and PPEs respectively, while all  441 (100%) of them were exposed to noise levels > 85 decibels. Itchy eyes, 365 (82.8%), was the most prevalent work-related health complaint. Safety  goggles 430 (97.5%) and helmet 11 (2.5%) were the most and least utilized PPE respectively. Overall, a high proportion 349 (79.1%) of the welders had  poor usage of PPEs. Educational level was statistically associated with awareness of PPEs (p = 0.02).

Conclusions: There was a high degree of awareness of workplace hazards, PPEs and of some workrelated health complaints but poor usage of PPEs  among the welders. The National Institute of Welding should implement focused educational interventions to increase understanding of occupational  health and the proper use of PPE to mitigate the health risks connected with this profession.