bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avanço e integração das políticas de clima e saúde no Brasil: percepções de Stakeholders Brasileiros
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Estudos Avançados, Vianna Maria Daniela , Zimermann Patricia ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Estudos Avançados, Saraiva Antonio Mauro ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Estudos Avançados
Published: February 2025

As mudanças climáticas já estão causando impactos significativos na saúde humana e em diversos setores no Brasil e no mundo. A tragédia climática do Rio Grande do Sul, a epidemia de Dengue, o agravamento das queimadas e a seca histórica na Amazônia, em 2024, são alguns exemplos. Porém, as políticas públicas brasileiras existentes hoje não conseguem assegurar soluções para os problemas decorrentes do agravamento da crise climática. Esta publicação reúne proposições concretas de ações visando a integração de políticas de clima e saúde no Brasil, dentre elas melhorias na comunicação e na educação; ampliação na produção e disseminação de pesquisas e dados sobre os impactos do clima na saúde e na economia, bem como sobre os benefícios da ação climática para a saúde e outras áreas; e o fortalecimento da governança política para um planejamento integrado de país. Elas foram sistematizadas a partir de entrevistas com 33 stakeholders brasileiros envolvidos direta ou indiretamente na formulação de políticas públicas nacionais. Os participantes da pesquisa são representantes dos poderes Executivo, Legislativo e Judiciário, de órgãos públicos federais, ONGs, Think Tanks e da Academia. Há um consenso de que as políticas de clima e saúde deveriam estar mais conectadas. Os entrevistados refletiram sobre o status nacional das políticas, os ideais de integração, as barreiras para avançar e sobre as oportunidades e estratégias para a superação dos desafios identificados. O relatório brasileiro faz parte de projeto internacional multipaíses, liderado pelo Center for Climate Change Communication, ligado à Universidade George Mason (Virgínia, EUA), e financiado pela Wellcome Trust. No Brasil, foi conduzido por pesquisadores do grupo Saúde Planetária Brasil, sediado no Instituto de Estudos Avançados da USP.
Somatotype in spondyloarthritis: a prevalence study in a Brazilian tertiary hospital
Authors: Hamdan Paulo Cesar , Carneiro Sueli Coelho da Silva , Maleh Haim Cesar , Vieira Gabriel da Costa Fernandes , Abreu Mirhelen Mendes de
Published: February 2025

Objective: This study assessed the prevalence of somatotypes in different types and subtypes of spondyloarthritis based on the anthropometric, demographic, and phenotypic data. Method: The Heath and Carter method was used to determine the somatotype in 61 patients with spondyloarthritis who were being treated at a teaching hospital in Brazil. Analysis of variance and Fisher’s exact tests were used to statistically analyze the results. Results: The sample included individuals who were predominantly male (68.9%), Caucasian (63.9%), age [54.8 ±13.68 years], height [1.68 ± 0.1 meters], total body mass [81.64 ± 12.59 Kg], body mass index [29.06 kg/m 2 ± 4.23], fat percentage [28.94 ± 5.25], disease time [20.38 ± 10.44 years], and diagnosis time [16.6 ± 10.3 years]. In the types of spondyloarthritis, meso-endomorph was more prevalent [axial= 39 [16 (41%)] and peripheral= 22 [10 (45,5%)], with no direct relationship between the subtypes, but with meso-endomorph tendency, in the enthesopathic [6 (45.5%)] and intestinal phenotypes [2 (7.7%)]. Ankylosing spondylitis was characterized by hypertrophy and thinness, with the absence of cutaneous phenotype (p< 0.05), psoriatic spondyloarthritis due to hypotrophy and thinness with the presence of the cutaneous phenotype (p < 0.05), Meso-endomorph and mesomorph endomorph aggregate three phenotypes, whereas endo-mesomorph and endomorph mesomorph two. Conclusion: The study highlights to a heterogeneous spectrum on anthropometric distribution of spondyloarthritis, which can be considered for guidelines and individual treatment decisions.
Somatotype in Spondyloarthritis and their social interactions
Authors: Hamdan Paulo Cesar , Carneiro Sueli Coelho da Silva , Maleh Haim Cesar , Abreu Mirhelen Mendes de
Published: February 2025

A espondiloartrite (EAs) ocorre em todo o espectro antropométrico como resultado da progressão da doença e da variedade de perfis sociais percebidos pelos determinantes sociais da saúde (DSS). Objetivo: Avaliar e compreender a relação entre somatotipo e os determinantes sociais da saúde, considerando se ele influencia ou é influenciado por estilo, qualidade de vida, perfis socioeconômicos, culturais, ambientais, comportamentais, hereditários e familiares. Método: Neste estudo, os DSS foram caracterizados utilizando o modelo de Dahlgren e Whitehead e suas interações com as medidas antropométricas foram investigadas em 61 participantes com EAs que estavam sendo tratados em um hospital de ensino no Brasil. A análise de variância e o teste exato de Fisher foram usados para analisar estatisticamente os dados e determinar as associações. Resultados: Os DSS do indivíduo na amostra foram os seguintes: 68,9% homens; 31,1% mulheres; 63,9% brancos; 29,5% pardos; 6,6% negros; idade média de 54,8 ± 13,68 anos; 68,9% da cidade do Rio de Janeiro; 22,9% dos municípios da Grande Rio de Janeiro; e 8,1% de Niterói, São Gonçalo e da região dos lagos. A análise dos determinantes sociais proximais e intermediários mostrou as seguintes características da amostra: casado, empregado ou aposentado, com um filho, fazendo três refeições por dia, vivendo em boas condições sanitárias, com acesso a transporte e serviços de saúde. Conclusão: A amostra social foi heterogênea, e houve um impacto na qualidade do sono e no ambiente de trabalho. Os somatotipos meso-endomorfo e mesomorfo-endomorfo foram empregados (p= 0.033) e apresentaram problemas relacionados ao comportamento (p= 0.022); os somatótipos meso-endomorfo tendiam a ter melhor qualidade de sono (p= 0.085). Indivíduos com espondilite anquilosante têm mais acesso aos serviços de saúde, comportamento calmo e tendem a ter mais de um filho. Por outro lado, indivíduos com EAs psoriática apresentaram uma personalidade depressiva e ansiosa. A composição corporal foi fortemente influenciada pela doença e correlacionou-se bem com os DSS. Através do diagnóstico social, abordagens aprimoradas podem ser adotadas no processo de reabilitação de pacientes com EAs.
First-In-Human Study of [
64
Cu]Cu-DOTATATE PET/CT in Infective Endocarditis: A Prospective Head-to-Head Comparison With [
18
F]FDG
Authors: Hadji-Turdeghal Katra , Fosbøl Marie Øbro , Hasbak Philip , Löfgren Johan , Bull Rasmussen Ida , Bundgaard Henning , Iversen Kasper , Bruun Niels Eske , Møller Christian H. , Tuxen Christian , Johannesen Helle Hjorth , Køber Lars , Kjær Andreas , Ripa Rasmus Sejersten , Fosbøl Emil Loldrup
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:

Infective endocarditis (IE) can be challenging to diagnose. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with 2-deoxy-2-[
18
F]-fluoro-
d
-glucose ([
18
F]FDG) is recommended as a diagnostic tool in the guidelines, but holds limitations. The aim of this study was to compare the tracer uptake between the novel [
64
Cu]Cu-DOTATATE, which has low cardiac uptake and does not require fasting or dietary restrictions, and [
18
F]FDG in patients with IE and examine the sensitivity and specificity.

METHODS:

The CuDOS study (Cu-Dotatate Positron Emissions Tomography in Infective Endocarditis) was a prospective study including 20 patients with IE (10 with prosthetic valve endocarditis and 10 with native valve endocarditis) and 20 controls. All participants underwent [
64
Cu]Cu-DOTATATE and [
18
F]FDG PET/CT. Scans were read blinded to clinical data. Tracer uptakes were measured as maximum standardized uptake values in each heart valve. Differences were tested with Wilcoxon rank tests.

RESULTS:

The median age of the cases and controls was 68 years (interquartile range [IQR], 55.0–75.5) and 61 years (IQR, 57.0–69.5), respectively. [
64
Cu]Cu-DOTATATE uptake (median maximum standardized uptake value [IQR]) in patients with IE was higher than in controls (2.34 [1.40–3.23] versus 1.44 [1.21–1.60];
P
=0.008), although this difference was mainly driven by prosthetic valve endocarditis cases (3.23 [2.02–3.86];
P
<0.001) and not between native valve endocarditis cases and controls (1.51 [1.23–2.58];
P
=0.428). The sensitivity of [
64
Cu]Cu-DOTATATE and [
18
F]FDG PET/CT in 20 cases versus 20 controls were equal, and the specificity was 90% and 75%, respectively. The analysis of prosthetic valve endocarditis versus the 20 controls showed equal sensitivity (80%), and a specificity of 90% and 75%, respectively (
P
=0.38). In addition, a greater proportion of scans achieved diagnostic certainty with [
64
Cu]Cu-DOTATATE PET/CT compared with [
18
F]FDG PET/CT for native valve endocarditis, prosthetic valve endocarditis, and controls.

CONCLUSIONS:

[
64
Cu]Cu-DOTATATE PET/CT showed uptake in the infected valve in patients with IE, and has major advantage as it does not require any preparation compared with [
18
F]FDG. [
64
Cu]Cu-DOTATATE had a numerically higher specificity than [
18
F]FDG, although the difference was not statistically significant. Both tracers were limited in the detection of native valve endocarditis.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT05432427.
www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu
; Unique identifier: 2021-005501-27.
Associations of Lipid-Lowering Drugs With Blood Pressure and Fasting Glucose: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Song Beiping , Sun Lulu , Qin Xiaoli , Fei Jiawen , Yu Quan , Chang Xinyue , He Yu , Liu Yi , Shi Mengyao , Guo Daoxia , Shen Ouxi , Zhu Zhengbao
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:

Observational studies have linked LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol)-lowering drugs with lower blood pressure (BP) and higher fasting glucose, but the causality remains unclear. We conducted a drug target Mendelian randomization study to assess the causal associations of genetically proxied inhibition of HMGCR (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase), PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9), and NPC1L1 (Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1) with BP and fasting glucose.

METHODS:

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in
HMGCR
,
NPC1L1
, and
PCSK9
associated with LDL-C in a genome-wide association study meta-analysis from the Global Lipid Genetics Consortium (173 082 European individuals) were used to proxy LDL-C-lowering drug targets. BP and fasting glucose data were obtained from genome-wide association studies conducted by the International Consortium of Blood Pressure (757 601 European participants) and the Glucose and Insulin-related Traits Consortium (58 074 European participants). We used the inverse-variance weighted method and a series of sensitivity analyses for assessment.

RESULTS:

Genetically proxied inhibition of HMGCR was negatively associated with systolic BP (β, −0.81 [95% CI, −1.26 to −0.37 mm Hg];
P
=3.72×10
−
4
) and diastolic BP (β, −1.58 [95% CI, −2.24 to −0.91 mm Hg];
P
=3.23×10
−
6
). Conversely, we observed a positive association between genetically proxied inhibition of HMGCR and high fasting glucose (β, 0.13 [95% CI, 0.08–0.17 mmol/L];
P
=4.25×10
−
8
). However, there was no association of PCSK9 and NPC1L1 inhibition with BP or fasting glucose.

CONCLUSIONS:

Genetically proxied inhibition of HMGCR was significantly associated with low BP and high fasting glucose, while there was no effect of PCSK9 and NPC1L1 inhibition on BP or fasting glucose.
Central Interaction of 2-Methoxyestradiol and Lipoxygenase in AngII-Hypertension
Authors: Dutta Shubha R. , Singh Purnima , Song Chi Young , Shin Ji Soo , Malik Kafait U.
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:

Our previous findings that arachidonic acid-12/15-lipoxygenase (LOX)-generated metabolite 12(S)-HETE contributes to angiotensin II (AngII)-induced hypertension and 17β-estradiol protects from AngII-induced hypertension via its cytochrome P450 (CYP)1B1-generated metabolite 2-methoxyestradiol in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in female mice led us to test the hypothesis that 2-methoxyestradiol acts by inhibiting the LOX/12(S)-HETE in the PVN.

METHODS:

AngII was infused subcutaneously by osmotic pumps for 2 weeks in wild-type, LOX-knockout (LOXKO), and CYP1B1KO female mice. The blood pressure was measured by tail-cuff/radiotelemetry. Adenovirus (Ad)-GFP (green fluorescence protein)-LOX-short hairpin (sh)RNA, Ad-GFP-LOX-DNA, 12(S)-HETE, and 2-methoxyestradiol were injected selectively in PVN or intracerebroventricularly. Histological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical techniques were used to determine pathophysiological changes caused by various interventions.

RESULTS:

AngII-induced hypertension that was exaggerated in CYP1B1KO compared with wild-type mice was minimized by PVN-LOX knockdown with Ad-LOX-short hairpin RNA and restored by PVN-LOX reconstitution with Ad-LOX-DNA in intact-LOXKO mice and exacerbated in ovariectomized-LOXKO mice. Furthermore, intracerebroventricular-12(S)-HETE restored AngII-induced increases in blood pressure, autonomic impairment, neuroinflammation, and renal pathogenesis in intact-LOXKO mice, which were exacerbated in ovariectomized-LOXKO mice. Intracerebroventricular-2-methoxyestradiol that reduced the LOX expression and 12(S)-HETE content in PVN minimized AngII effects mentioned above in ovariectomized-LOXKO mice transduced intracerebroventricular-Ad-LOX-DNA.

CONCLUSIONS:

These data suggest that 2-methoxyestradiol protects against AngII-induced hypertension and associated pathogenesis, most likely by inhibiting LOX/12(S)-HETE actions in the PVN of female mice. Therefore, the selective LOX inhibitors or 12(S)-HETE receptor antagonists could be useful in treating hypertension and its pathogenesis in postmenopausal, hypoestrogenic women or females with ovarian failure.
Does Corequisite Remediation Work for Everyone? An Exploration of Heterogeneous Effects and Mechanisms
Authors: Ran Florence Xiaotao , Lee Hojung
Published: February 2025

The landscape of developmental education has experienced significant shifts over the last decade nationwide, as more than 20 states and higher education systems have transitioned from the traditional prerequisite model to corequisite remediation. Drawing on administrative data from Tennessee community colleges from 2010 to 2020, this study examined the heterogeneous effects of corequisite reform for remediation-eligible students with varying levels of academic preparation. Using difference-in-differences and event study designs, we found that corequisite remediation significantly improved gateway and subsequent college-level course completion for students in all placement test score groups below the college-level threshold. For math, the positive effects on college-level course completion were stronger for higher-scoring remedial students than for those with lower placement test scores, whereas the pattern was reversed for English. However, since the corequisite reform, students requiring remediation were more likely to drop out of the public college system, and those with the lowest scores were less likely to earn short-term certificates.
Indonesian Migrants and the Development of the Halal Tourism Industry in Taiwan
Authors: Setyaningsih Rita Pawestri , Fuady Ahmad Helmy
Published: February 2025

This paper examines the pivotal role of Indonesian migrant communities in shaping Taiwan’s halal tourism sector, analysed through a transnationalism lens. Despite Taiwan’s predominantly Buddhist and Taoist culture, the island has become a prominent destination for Muslim travellers, ranking second among non-Organisation of Islamic Cooperation countries in halal tourism. However, the contributions of Indonesian Muslim migrants—comprising workers, students and professionals—remain largely overlooked. This study employs a qualitative approach, including semi-structured interviews with Indonesian migrants, business owners and halal certification experts, complemented by field observations and secondary data. Its findings reveal that Indonesian migrants introduce halal food, bridge cultural gaps between local businesses and Muslim tourists and facilitate the halal certification process. The paper highlights how migrant communities, through transnational networks, contribute to the global exchange of cultural practices, tourism knowledge and business models.
Description of Panagrolaimus hamomucronatus sp. n. (Rhabditida, Panagrolaimidae) from Spain
Authors: Abolafia Joaquín
Published: February 2025

A new species of the genus Panagrolaimus, P. hamomucronatus sp. n., is described from oak bark with lichens in the southern Iberian Peninsula. This species is characterised by having body 1.15-1.18 mm long in females and 0.91-1.16 mm long in males, habitus slightly sigmoid after fixation in females and ‘J’-shaped in males, cuticle with transverse striations, lateral fields with three longitudinal incisures, a lip region with six conoid lips ending in a setiform process, amphids rounded to oval, stoma with cheilostom bearing scarcely refringent rhabdia, a gymnostom as long as wide with very refringent rhabdia and stegostom short with well-sclerotised rhabdia, pharynx with pharyngeal corpus subcylindrical (1.6-1.9 times isthmus length) with metacorpus not swollen, nerve ring surrounding the anterior part of the isthmus, excretory pore at isthmus level, deirids at level of the isthmus, female reproductive system monodelphic-prodelphic with ovary without flexures and post-vulval uterine sac 0.6-0.7 times the corresponding body diam. long, rectum 1.3-1.5 times anal body width long, female tail conoid with fishhook-like mucron and phasmids at 73-76% of its length, male reproductive system monorchid with testis ventrally flexioned anteriorly, eight pairs of genital papillae (three precloacal and five postcloacal) with phasmids located posterior to the papilla GP6, spicules with manubrium ventrally bent and lamina with reduced dorsal hump and well-developed ventral velum, and gubernaculum slightly deltoid. Its phylogenetic position is studied based on 18S rDNA. An updated list of species is provided together with a new illustrated key to species identification.
Fictitious Existence versus Nonexistence
Authors: Salmón Nathan
Published: February 2025

A correct observation to the effect that a does not exist, where ‘a’ is a singular term, could be true on any of a variety of grounds. Typically, a true, singular negative existential is true on the unproblematic ground that the subject term ‘a’ designates something that does not presently exist. More interesting philosophically is a singular, negative existential statement in which the subject term ‘a’ designates nothing at all. Both of these contrast sharply with a singular, negative existential in which the subject term is a name from fiction. I argue that such singular, negative existential statements are false. My account of fictional characters differs significantly from Kripke’s. It is shown that an objection to my account rests on a serious misunderstanding. Finally, a crucial aspect of the account is emphasized.
Evaluating the Trustworthiness of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) Methods Applied to Regression Predictions of Arctic Sea Ice Motion
Authors: Hoffman Lauren , Mazloff Matthew R. , Gille Sarah T. , Giglio Donata , Heimbach Patrick
Published: February 2025

Recent advances in explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods show promise for understanding predictions made by machine learning (ML) models. XAI explains how the input features are relevant or important for the model predictions. We train linear regression (LR) and convolutional neural network (CNN) models to make 1-day predictions of sea ice velocity in the Arctic from inputs of present-day wind velocity and previous-day ice velocity and concentration. We apply XAI methods to the CNN and compare explanations to variance explained by LR. We confirm the feasibility of using a novel XAI method [i.e., global layerwise relevance propagation (LRP)] to understand ML model predictions of sea ice motion by comparing it to established techniques. We investigate a suite of linear, perturbation-based, and propagation-based XAI methods in both local and global forms. Outputs from different explainability methods are generally consistent in showing that wind speed is the input feature with the highest contribution to ML predictions of ice motion, and we discuss inconsistencies in the spatial variability of the explanations. Additionally, we show that the CNN relies on both linear and nonlinear relationships between the inputs and uses nonlocal information to make predictions. LRP shows that wind speed over land is highly relevant for predicting ice motion offshore. This provides a framework to show how knowledge of environmental variables (i.e., wind) on land could be useful for predicting other properties (i.e., sea ice velocity) elsewhere.

Significance Statement

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) is useful for understanding predictions made by machine learning models. Our research establishes trustability in a novel implementation of an explainable AI method known as layerwise relevance propagation for Earth science applications. To do this, we provide a comparative evaluation of a suite of explainable AI methods applied to machine learning models that make 1-day predictions of Arctic sea ice velocity. We use explainable AI outputs to understand how the input features are used by the machine learning to predict ice motion. Additionally, we show that a convolutional neural network uses nonlinear and nonlocal information in making its predictions. We take advantage of the nonlocality to investigate the extent to which knowledge of wind on land is useful for predicting sea ice velocity elsewhere.
Redefining Recidivism Prediction: The Impact of Race and Geographic Location in Machine Learning Models
Authors: Lee YongJei , O SooHyun
Published: February 2025

This study explores the effectiveness of machine learning algorithms in predicting recidivism, focusing on the impact of race and geographic location variables. Leveraging a dataset from the prisons in Georgia, we assess six algorithms’ forecasting performance, both with and without these key variables. Our findings indicate that geographic location generally enhances predictive accuracy more consistently than race across models. This research highlights the importance of methodological diversity and the complex, model-dependent impact of demographic factors on recidivism prediction. It underscores the potential of machine learning in criminology and criminal justice to provide nuanced insights into criminal behavior, challenging traditional assumptions, and informing evidence-based policy development.
The Relationship Between Academic Performance and Delinquent Behavior: Focusing on Strains Among Students With Unsatisfactory Academic Performance
Authors: Han Sungil , Baek Hyunin , Connell Nadine M. , Osborne Melissa
Published: February 2025

While many studies suggest that poor academic performance predicts delinquency, others have argued that the relationship between academic performance and delinquency can be marginal, null, or even spurious. This study examines the relationship between academic performance and delinquent behavior among Korean youth within the general strain framework, utilizing data from the Korean Child and Youth Panel Survey. Using a sample of 2,378 students from 95 randomly selected schools in Korea, the KCYP survey examined students’ perceptions and experiences regarding relationships with parents, teachers, and peers, as well as their engagement in various delinquent behaviors. Group-based trajectory modeling identified two academic trajectory groups: consistently low academic grades and declining academic performance. Two dichotomous variables representing these academic trajectory groups were included in the negative binomial regression models. After accounting for the effects of other strain-related and social/self-control variables, the effects of low academic performance on delinquent behavior become spurious while a decline in academic performance is a consistent predictor of delinquent behavior across all models.
Teacher Retention in High-Poverty Urban Schools: The Role of Empowerment, Leadership, and Collaboration
Authors: Martin Erin Mooney , Benedetti Christopher
Published: February 2025

Teacher attrition remains a significant challenge in high-poverty urban schools, contributing to educational inequities and disrupting student learning. This study explores how teacher empowerment, encompassing systemic flexibility, supportive leadership, autonomy, and peer collaboration, influences teacher retention in these settings. Utilizing a qualitative case study design, semi-structured interviews were conducted with teachers from two high-poverty urban schools to examine their experiences with empowerment and its role in their decision to remain in their positions. Findings suggest that empowerment fosters a sense of value, agency, and professional growth, all of which enhance teacher retention. The study underscores the importance of creating empowering school cultures through flexible systems, authentic leadership, and collaborative environments. By addressing these factors, high-poverty urban schools can reduce teacher attrition, improve student outcomes, and promote educational equity. These findings offer actionable strategies for educators and policymakers to build resilient, sustainable educational systems in urban contexts.
The Influence of Ethical Leadership on Turnover Intention and Actual Turnover in U.S. Federal Agencies
Authors: Choi Intae
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the relationship between ethical leadership and employee turnover within U.S. federal agencies. Ethical leadership can be characterized by leaders’ adherence to ethical values such as honesty and integrity. Using longitudinal data, this research examines whether ethical leadership can reduce turnover intention and actual turnover. The findings reveal that ethical leadership significantly lowers both turnover intention and actual turnover, suggesting that ethical leadership can foster employee retention. However, this study also finds that the relationship between ethical leadership and actual turnover is not significantly mediated by turnover intention.
An active and passive combined fault-tolerant control approach for UAV with the control surface fault
Authors: Luo Fei , Zhou Dapeng , Li Yufei , Liu Kai
Published: February 2025

In this paper, the fault-tolerant control (FTC) problem of fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with control surface structural damage is studied. An active-passive combined FTC algorithm based on sliding mode and adaptive control is proposed. Considering that the UAV is required to be instantaneously stable in the initial stage of the fault, a one-way auxiliary surface sliding mode controller based on fast dual power reaching law is adopted. During this period, the nonlinear recursive least squares method is used to identify the aerodynamic parameters of the UAV after the fault. Then, an adaptive control combined with aerodynamic parameter identification is designed to actively compensate for the fault. In addition, a hardware-in-the-loop simulation platform is developed to verify the active and passive combined FTC method. The simulation results show that the algorithm reduces the control error of the UAV after the fault and improves the robustness and reliability. This method provides a reliable technical guarantee for the safe flight of UAV under the condition of structural damage of control surface and has important practical significance for improving the reliability and safety of UAV.
Evolutionary strategies in live-streaming e-commerce: A four-player game model analysis
Authors: Xiong Yangchun , Chen Baifu
Published: February 2025

Background: Live-streaming e-commerce has boomed during the COVID-19 pandemic, leveraging short video platforms to fulfill social and shopping needs. However, its development is hampered by issues like misleading advertising by hosts, weak consumer protection, and inadequate platform oversight.

Objective: This study aims to address these challenges and propose solutions for a healthy live-streaming e-commerce ecosystem.

Methods: A four-player game model is constructed, considering interactions between live-streaming hosts, consumers, platforms, and suppliers. MATLAB is employed to analyze the model and identify optimal strategies for each player.

Results: The model demonstrates that government regulation is essential. It incentivizes positive behavior from platforms and hosts while balancing consumer protection with potential misuse of complaint systems.

Conclusions: Without government regulation, the live-streaming e-commerce industry cannot develop sustainably. This research highlights the importance of a multifaceted approach, including reducing consumer protection costs and implementing proactive government regulations for both platforms and hosts.
Palace Coup
Authors: Tarricone Paul
Published: February 2025

To the delight of more than 200,000 visitors (and 30 lighting designers), Switzerland's historic Montreux Palace was taken over by colored light during last year's jazz festival
The Relationship Between Frontal Cortical Thickness and Externalizing Psychopathology is Associated with Treatment Outcomes in Children with Externalizing Problems: A Preliminary Pilot Study: La relation entre l’épaisseur du cortex frontal et les troubles extériorisés est associée aux résultats thérapeutiques chez les enfants ayant des problèmes extériorisés : une étude pilote préliminaire
Authors: Propp Lee , Nakua Hajer , Bedard Anne-Claude V. , Sanches Marcos , Ameis Stephanie H. , Andrade Brendan F.
Published: February 2025

Objectives

Children with externalizing disorders commonly show emotion dysregulation and callous–unemotional (CU) traits. However, it is unclear whether emotion dysregulation and CU traits share underlying neurobiology that can be predictive of psychosocial treatment outcomes. In this preliminary study, we examined neural correlates of externalizing psychopathology dimensions and their prediction of treatment outcomes.

Methods

We analyzed a pilot sample of 17 children with an externalizing disorder (9–12 years; 10.45 ± 1.02) who underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before participating in a 15-week psychosocial group intervention targeting conduct problems. We examined cross-sectional associations between emotion dysregulation or CU traits and cortical thickness (anterior cingulate cortex [ACC] and insula) and amygdala volume at baseline. We then examined whether the pre-treatment brain–behaviour relationships were linked to reduction in conduct problems post-treatment.

Results

Lower ACC and insula thickness as well as amygdala volume was associated with greater levels of emotion dysregulation and CU traits at baseline (pre-treatment, r = |0.36–0.61|). There was a significant three-way interaction between emotion dysregulation/CU traits, left insula/right rostral ACC, and treatment (pre/post; β = −1.01 to 3.6). Overall, greater baseline insular and rostral ACC thickness was related to reductions in conduct problems following group-based psychosocial intervention regardless of baseline emotion dysregulation and CU trait levels.

Conclusions

The results provide preliminary evidence of shared neural signatures underlying both emotion dysregulation and CU traits. Additionally, alterations in frontolimbic brain structure may be useful predictors of pre-treatment associations with externalizing psychopathology dimensions and post-treatment behavioural outcomes.
The Relationship Between Family Dynamics and Help-Seeking and Disclosure of Adolescent Self-Harm and Suicidality: A Population-Representative Study: Relation entre dynamique familiale et recherche d’aide, et dévoilement des actes d’automutilation et de la suicidalité chez les adolescents : étude représentative de la population
Authors: Hammond Nicole G. , Gravel Christopher , Ferro Mark A. , Landry Hannah , Geoffroy Marie-Claude , Racine Nicole , Colman Ian
Published: February 2025

Background

Few studies have explored the potential for family dynamics to hinder or promote help-seeking and disclosure behaviours among adolescents who self-harm or experience suicidality. We sought to examine whether family dynamics may influence self-harm-related disclosure to parents or other family members and online help-seeking.

Methods

We identified youths, 14–17 years, in the 2014 Ontario Child Health Study (OCHS) who self-reported past-year suicidal ideation (with or without a suicide plan or past suicide attempt[s]) and/or non-suicidal self-harm. The OCHS is a provincially representative, cross-sectional survey. The person most knowledgeable about the adolescent, usually the mother, reported family dynamics: family dysfunction and positive and negative parenting practices. We used logistic regression to generate adjusted odds ratios.

Results

A total of 359 adolescents positively endorsed past-year suicidal ideation and/or non-suicidal self-harm. Disclosure and help-seeking were common (≥67.3% and ≥25.6%, respectively). Adolescents experiencing suicidal ideation and greater family dysfunction were more likely to share their suicidal thoughts with non-family compared to not telling anyone (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.18) and were less likely to tell their parents or other family members about their suicidal thoughts when compared to non-family such as teachers, partners, or friends (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.71 to 0.94). Positive parenting was not associated with any form of disclosure or online help-seeking for non-suicidal self-harm or suicidal ideation. As adolescent exposure to negative parenting increased, so did the likelihood that they would seek help online for their suicidal thoughts (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.37). Sensitivity analyses replicated or were very similar to findings from the main models.

Conclusion

We found that negative family dynamics were related to reduced sharing of suicidal thoughts with parents or other family members and greater online help-seeking. Our findings suggest that the importance of negative family dynamics to disclosure and support-seeking for adolescent suicidality may be under-recognized.
The clinical implications and cost-effectiveness of the provision of medical in addition to surgical catheter insertion for peritoneal dialysis in people with kidney failure
Authors: Hill Harry , Rawdin Andrew , Wailoo Allan , Briggs Victoria , Lambie Mark , McCullough Keith , Dunn Louese , Davies Simon , Wilkie Martin , Fotheringham James
Published: February 2025

Background

High-quality and timely peritoneal access is essential for effective peritoneal dialysis (PD). Existing comparisons of medical compared to surgical catheter insertion have focused on the incidence of catheter events, but the cost-effectiveness of providing medical in addition to surgical catheter insertion in a dual pathway, compared to providing surgical insertion alone has not been evaluated.

Methods

Data from the UK Catheter study, exploring how patient, service and insertion technique factors interact was used to estimate the comparative rates of catheter events between medical and surgical catheter insertion. A cost-effectiveness model estimates the health benefits and costs of providing medical in addition to surgical catheter insertion, compared to surgical insertion alone. Parametric modelling estimated time to catheter events, haemodialysis and transplantation to populate the model.

Results

Data on 769 first catheter insertions informs the model (325 medical and 444 surgical). Fewer catheter events were observed with medical insertion. The dual insertion pathway (69% medical, 31% surgical) was therefore associated with lower lifetime catheter events (3.18 vs. 3.34) and longer time on PD (3.07 vs. 3.00 years) than a purely surgical insertion pathway. The lifetime mean differences in quality-adjusted life years (7.12 vs. 7.00) and near identical costs (£226,549 vs. £226,764) meant dual insertion pathway was likely to be cost-effective, a finding robust to a series of sensitivity analyses.

Conclusion

Offering medical in addition to surgical catheter insertion techniques has the potential to improve clinical outcomes and is likely to be highly cost-effective compared to surgical insertion alone.
Design method for controlling gear surface cutting textures to reduce noise
Authors: Zhang Yu , Duan Chengyu , Zhou Hai , Wang Zhiyong
Published: February 2025

To address the issue of cutting textures formed on gear tooth surfaces during the manufacturing process, a design method is proposed where the cutting textures are distributed according to a sine function. Initially, a simplified mathematical model of the actual gear tooth surface cutting texture was constructed based on a four-axis machining center and cylindrical milling cutter. Ten design cases were created with different sine function phases, aiming to minimize angular acceleration. These cases were compared with normally processed gear pairs to identify the optimal design. Subsequently, using the established actual tooth surface model, the optimal design gear pair was compared with normally processed gear pairs through noise simulation experiments. The correctness of the simulation results was verified through vibration and noise testing experiments. The results indicated that the maximum amplitude of the first-order frequency of vibration and noise sound pressure levels decreased by 14.93% and 11.16%, respectively, validating the effectiveness of the surface cutting texture optimization method. This method provides a novel solution for reducing vibration and noise in gears.
Synthetic data generation in motion analysis: A generative deep learning framework
Authors: Perrone Mattia , Mell Steven P. , Martin John T. , Nho Shane J. , Simmons Scott , Malloy Philip
Published: February 2025

Generative deep learning has emerged as a promising data augmentation technique in recent years. This approach becomes particularly valuable in areas such as motion analysis, where it is challenging to collect substantial amounts of data. The objective of the current study is to introduce a data augmentation strategy that relies on a variational autoencoder to generate synthetic data of kinetic and kinematic variables. The kinematic and kinetic variables consist of hip and knee joint angles and moments, respectively, in both sagittal and frontal plane, and ground reaction forces. Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) did not detect significant differences between real and synthetic data for each of the biomechanical variables considered. To further evaluate the effectiveness of this approach, a long-short term model (LSTM) was trained both only on real data (R) and on the combination of real and synthetic data (R&S); the performance of each of these two trained models was then assessed on real test data unseen during training. The principal findings included achieving comparable results in terms of nRMSE when predicting knee joint moments in the frontal (R&S: 9.86% vs R: 10.72%) and sagittal plane (R&S: 9.21% vs R: 9.75%), and hip joint moments in the frontal (R&S: 16.93% vs R: 16.79%) and sagittal plane (R&S: 13.29% vs R: 14.60%). The main novelty of this study lies in introducing an effective data augmentation approach in motion analysis settings.
Examining employment outcomes of deaf and hard-of-hearing people in The Netherlands using non-public microdata
Authors: Elsendoorn Bas C.H.M. , Wauters Loes , Tijsseling Corrie , van Klaveren Chris P.B.J. , Cornelisz Ilja , Heppe Eline C.M.
Published: February 2025

Background

It is internationally recognized that people with disabilities have an equal right to work as people without disabilities. This includes deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) people. Previous studies, primarily conducted in the US, showed discrepancies between employment outcomes of DHH people and typically hearing people.

Objective

There is still a lack of knowledge about the current employment status of DHH people in the Netherlands. Furthermore, additional job characteristics such as income sources and sectors of employment are yet to be examined. This paper aims to address this lack of knowledge.

Methods

This study used non-public microdata to examine employment outcomes of DHH people who claimed sensory disability care in the Netherlands between 2015 and 2019 ( n = 5609) and compare them to a matched Dutch population (MDP) ( n = 5609).

Results

Despite small differences in employment participation, DHH claimants are more likely to have an income from sick leave/disability pension, other social benefits, and retirement compared to the MDP. DHH claimants also have lower average hourly wages, work fewer hours per week, work in different employment sectors, and stay in their first job longer compared to the MDP.

Conclusions

The results of this study show that there are labor force differences between DHH claimants and the MDP. Further steps must be taken to identify the causes of these differences and develop policies and interventions to address these when deemed necessary.
Heartsick for Home: An Integrative Review of Employee Homesickness and an Agenda for Future Research
Authors: Tabarani Patricia , Restubog Simon Lloyd D. , Kiazad Kohyar , Lagios Constantin , Schilpzand Pauline , Wang Lintao (Sky)
Published: February 2025

Homesickness is a common experience for employees who move for a job. We provide an integrative review of the literature on employee homesickness to offer four main contributions. First, we undertake a state-of-the-art review that integrates the disparate literature on homesickness, focusing on its antecedents, consequences, underlying mechanisms, and moderating influences. Second, we clarify the concept of homesickness and differentiate it from neighboring concepts to advance theory development and facilitate its measurement. Third, we integrate Conservation of Resources theory with the homesickness model to provide robust and parsimonious theoretical accounts relating homesickness to its antecedents and outcomes. Finally, we use this integrative framework to generate a promising agenda for future research, thus forging meaningful connections to other domains and stimulating theoretical and empirical advancements.
Prevalence of HPV in a Peruvian Healthcare Network: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Araujo Jhajaira M. , Ramon-Cotrina Maria , Quispe-Martinez Rosa , Rios-Rios Mayra , Quispe-Gonzaga Maribel , Saldaña-Reyes Carlos O. , Medina Paula , Cornejo Melanie , Pinto Joseph A. , Dyer Richard
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a common sexually transmitted infection often associated with cancer development. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of HPV in women receiving care at the AUNA healthcare network in Peru.

Methods

We conducted an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study. A de-identified database of HPV-positive women who underwent the BD Onclarity™ HPV Assay between December 2018 and December 2021 at Auna clinics was analyzed. The database contained information regarding age, city, and HPV type. High-risk HPV types were analyzed individually (16, 18, 31, 45, 51, 52) and pooled [P1 (33, 58), P2 (56,59,66), and P3 (35,39,68)]. The study was approved by an independent research ethics committee in Peru.

Results

Of 68,714 women included in the study, the HPV prevalence was 14.21% (N = 9765, 95%CI:13.95%–14.47%). The highest prevalence was detected in Piura (16.85%, 95%CI:15.40%–18.38%), where HPV-51, HPV-52, HPV-P1, HPV-P2, and HPV-P3 were most common compared to other Peruvian cities included in the study. In Arequipa, the prevalence was the lowest (13.58%, 95%CI:12.38%–14.85%), but the percentage prevalence of HPV-16 was the highest compared to other cities. The prevalence of multiple HPV infections was 2.88% (N = 1981, 95%CI:2.76%–3.01%), with most of them co-presenting two types of HPV (N = 1522). The most frequent co-occurrences were P2 and P3, P2 and 52, and P2 and 16. Among HPV-positive women, the mean age was 41.31 years (±9.48) and 25.29% were in the 31–35 years group. HPV-P2 was the most frequent in all age groups except in the 65–72 years group, where HPV-P3 was the most common.

Conclusion

HPV prevalence was shown to be highest in Piura, with the most prevalent types being HPV-16, HPV-52, and HPV-P2 (HPV-56, -59, -66). HPV infection was found to be more frequent among women in the 31–35 years age group.
Descriptive analysis of the efficacity of R-GEMOX /R-IE/R-CEPP in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) transplant-ineligible diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL)
Authors: Fulbert Baptiste , Vincent Théo , Clarenne Justine , Abdelouahab Imman , Bozec Antoine Le , Durot Eric , Slimano Florian
Published: February 2025

Background

Patients with Relapsed/Refractory (R/R) Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) ineligible for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) may benefit from a second line anticancer drug regimen but real-life outcomes are lacking.

Objective

To describe the efficacity of 3 anticancer drug regimens (Gemcitabine and Oxaliplatin GEMOX; Ifosfamide and Etoposide IE; Cyclophosphamide, Etoposide, Procarbazine and Prednisone CEPP) combined with Rituximab (R-) in terms of progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Patients

Retrospective study including R/R DLBCL patients HSCT ineligible who received at least one cycle of R-GEMOX, R-IE or R-CEPP between 2010 and 2022. Demographic, clinical, biological and survival data were collected. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to identify associated variables with survival outcomes.

Results

Sixty-two patients (median age 78 [40–102] with predominantly stage III-IV DLBCL (n = 49, 79%), non-germinal center-B like (n = 27, 44%) were included. Median OS and PFS were 9 (CI95% [3–10]) and 4 months (CI95% [2–13]) for R-GEMOX, 4 (CI95% [2–6]) and 1 month (CI95% [1–4]) for R-IE and 5 (CI95% [3–6]) and 3 months (CI95% [2–15]) for R-CEPP, respectively. Univariate analysis selects ECOG, aa-IPI scores, LDH rate and Ann-Arbor stage with no independently association in multivariate analysis.

Conclusion

All three regimens show modest survival benefit especially between last anticancer treatment course and death. Emergence of bispecific antibodies and Cart-cells for which real-life benefits have yet to be demonstrated could be coupled with improved access to early palliative care.
End-of-life symptoms and polypharmacy in lung and other cancer patients receiving palliative care in Turkey
Authors: Kocatepe Vildan , Uludağ Kızıltepe Halide Fulya , Yildirim Dilek , Oruç Özlem
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Patients diagnosed with cancer are often prescribed a wide range of medicines. In this study, it was aimed at examining the end-of-life symptoms and polypharmacy status of patients hospitalized in the palliative care unit with the diagnosis of lung cancer and other cancers.

Methods

The data for the retrospective-descriptive study were obtained from hospital records and an automation system. The sample of the study included the data of all patients (n = 201) who were hospitalized in the palliative care unit between 2016–2021 in Turkey.

Results

The most common symptoms of end-of-life patients were dyspnea (85.1%) and pain (67.7%). The mean number of medications used by the patients on the day of death was 10.89 ± 3.16, it was 12.50 ± 3.11 on the third day before death, 13.24 ± 3.07 on the 6th day before death, 13.50 ± 3.03 on the 9th day before death. There was a statistically significant difference between the mean number of medications used by the patients according to the presence of dyspnea on the day of death (t = 1.997; p = .047) and pain on the day of death (t = 3.781; p = .001). There was a statistically significant difference between the mean number of medications used by the patients according to the presence of pain on the sixth day before death (t = 2.613; p = .010) and the ninth day before death (t = 2.940; p = .004).

Conclusion

The number of medications used by the patients decreased from the 9th day before death to the day of death and their polypharmacy status continued.