bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frequency-temperature sensitivity reduction with optimized microwave Bragg resonators
Authors: Le Floch J-M. , Murphy C. , Hartnett J. G. , Madrangeas V. , Krupka J. , Cros D. , Tobar M. E.
Published: January 2017

Dielectric resonators are employed to build state-of-the-art low-noise and high-stability oscillators operating at room and cryogenic temperatures. A resonator temperature coefficient of frequency is one criterion of performance. This paper reports on predictions and measurements of this temperature coefficient of frequency for three types of cylindrically symmetric Bragg resonators operated at microwave frequencies. At room temperature, microwave Bragg resonators have the best potential to reach extremely high Q-factors. Research has been conducted over the last decade on modeling, optimizing, and realizing such high Q-factor devices for applications such as filtering, sensing, and frequency metrology. We present an optimized design, which has a temperature sensitivity 2 to 4 times less than current whispering gallery mode resonators without using temperature compensating techniques and about 30% less than other existing Bragg resonators. Also, the performance of a new generation single-layered Bragg resonator, based on a hybrid-Bragg-mode, is reported with a sensitivity of about −12 ppm/K at 295 K. For a single reflector resonator, it achieves a similar level of performance as a double-Bragg-reflector resonator but with a more compact structure and performs six times better than whispering-gallery-mode resonators. The hybrid resonator promises to deliver a new generation of high-sensitivity sensors and high-stability room-temperature oscillators.
Investigation of electromagnetic properties of a high absorptive, weakly reflective metamaterial—substrate system with compensated chirality
Authors: Semchenko I. V. , Khakhomov S. A. , Asadchy V. S. , Golod S. V. , Naumova E. V. , Prinz V. Ya. , Goncharenko A. M. , Sinitsyn G. V. , Lyakhnovich A. V. , Malevich V. L.
Published: January 2017

In the present paper, a theoretical and experimental study of a highly absorptive, weakly reflective coating designed and fabricated on the basis of 3D THz resonant elements is reported. Transmission and reflection of electromagnetic waves from the metamaterial-substrate structure involving a highly absorptive, weakly reflective array of artificial bi-anisotropic elements were analyzed. The samples contained paired right-handed and left-handed helices, due to the fact that the chirality was compensated. The parameters of helices were optimized to achieve roughly identical values of dielectric permittivity and magnetic permeability. As a result, the metamaterial exhibited weak reflectivity in the vicinity of resonance frequency. On the other hand, effective resonance properties of the helices were tuned to ensure substantial absorption of THz radiation. Analytical expressions for the coefficients of radiation reflection and transmission in the samples were derived by solving a boundary-value problem for the propagation of electromagnetic waves in the metamaterial-substrate system. Simulated properties of fabricated structures were compared with experimental data.
Calculated dependence of FePt damping on external field magnitude and direction
Authors: Natekar N. A. , Hsu W.-H. , Victora R. H.
Published: January 2017

Near the Curie temperature (Tc), magnetic parameters including magnetization, anisotropy, and damping depend strongly on both temperature and length scale. This manifestation of renormalization theory is most readily seen in the case of magnetization where the magnitude of the atomic spin is largely unaffected by temperature, but the bulk magnetization vanishes at Tc. It has been previously argued that the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert damping parameter alpha exhibits a similar effect owing to its dependence on both atomic effects and magnon-magnon scattering, the latter having a strong length dependence. Here, we calculate, using an anisotropic exchange description of L10 FePt (Tc = 705 K), the damping (and other magnetic properties) dependence on temperature for FePt at length scales around 1.0 nm as appropriate for high temperature micromagnetic simulation. While the damping reduces as the applied field along the easy direction increases, it tends to increase as the field direction is changed to in-plane. The renormalized parameters are also calculated for higher and lower Tc (770K and 630K) by invoking the linear relationship between the exchange stiffness parameter and Curie temperature. This corresponds to doped and/or non-stoichiometric FePt and allows better understanding of the effects of varying anisotropy to exchange ratio.
Dynamic analysis method of rotating shaft with magnetic pattern
Authors: Hsiao Heng-Sheng , Shih Shuo-Wu , Chang Jen-Yuan (James)
Published: January 2017

Vibration issue in rotating system has existed mostly due to imbalance response of a rotating shaft. In general, accelerometers or eddy current probes are commonly used to measure the shaft’s dynamic changes in form of acceleration and displacement. Originated from coding and operating algorithm of hard disk drive, a method to detect the position error of read head is applied on measuring and analyzing dynamic response of rotating shaft system. By magnetizing the pattern on magnetic medium surrounded on the rotating shaft, analog signal can be acquired to determine the shaft’s axial and radial displacement. In this paper, a method of dynamic measuring on rotating shaft is proposed by using magnetic pattern and validated through calibrated experiments.
Demonstration of a scalable frequency-domain readout of metallic magnetic calorimeters by means of a microwave SQUID multiplexer
Authors: Kempf Sebastian , Wegner Mathias , Fleischmann Andreas , Gastaldo Loredana , Herrmann Felix , Papst Maximilian , Richter Daniel , Enss Christian
Published: January 2017

We report on the first demonstration of a scalable GHz frequency-domain readout of metallic magnetic calorimeters (MMCs) using a 64 pixel detector array that is read out by an integrated, on-chip microwave SQUID multiplexer. The detector array is optimized for detecting soft X-ray photons and the multiplexer is designed to provide a signal rise time τrise<400ns and an intrinsic energy sensitivity ϵ<30h. This results in an expected energy resolution ΔEFWHM<10eV. We measured a signal rise time τrise as low as 90ns and an energy resolution ΔEFWHM as low as 50eV for 5.9keV photons. The rise time is about an order of magnitude faster compared to other multiplexed low-temperature microcalorimeters and close to the intrinsic value set by the coupling between electron and spins. The energy resolution is degraded with respect to our design value due to a rather low intrinsic quality factor of the microwave resonators that is caused by the quality of the Josephson junction of the associated rf-SQUID as well as an elevated chip temperature as compared to the heat bath. Though the achieved energy resolution is not yet compatible with state-of-the-art single-channel MMCs, this demonstration of a scalable readout approach for MMCs in combination with the full understanding of the device performance showing ways how to improve represents an important milestone for the development of future large-scale MMC detector arrays.
Two-range magnetoelectric sensor
Authors: Bichurin M. , Petrov V. , Leontyev V. , Saplev A.
Published: January 2017

In this study, we present a two-range magnetoelectric ME sensor design comprising of permendur (alloy of Fe-Co-V), nickel, and lead zirconate titanate (PZT) laminate composite. A systematic study was conducted to clarify the contribution of magnetostrictive layers variables to the ME response over the applied range of magnetic bias field. The two-range behavior was characterized by opposite sign of the ME response when magnetic dc bias is in different sub-ranges. The ME coefficient as a function of magnetic bias field was found to be dependent on the laminate composite structure.
Mental health in 2020 for men who have sex with men in the United States
Authors: Batchelder Abigail W. , Safren Steven , Mitchell Avery D. , Ivardic Ivan , O'Cleirigh Conall
Published: January 2017

Despite continued advances in HIV prevention and treatment, gay and bisexual men and other men who have sex with men (MSM) remain the population most impacted by HIV/AIDS in the US and many other Western countries. Additionally, MSM are disproportionately affected by various psychological problems, including depression, distress, trauma and substance use. These challenges frequently co-occur, and are associated with higher rates of behaviours related to HIV acquisition and transmission, HIV infection, and, for those living with HIV/AIDS, lower levels of treatment engagement. Moreover, racial disparities exist among MSM in the US; for example, young African American MSM bear a disproportionate burden of the continuing HIV epidemic, likely related to disparate HIV prevalence in partner pools as well as long-standing structural inequities. In this review, the mental health challenges facing MSM primarily in the US, related to HIV and STI prevention and across the HIV care cascade, including HIV diagnosis, engagement and retention in care, and antiretroviral adherence, are illustrated. Disparities among MSM including racial and ethnic, age-related and structural barriers associated with HIV prevention and treatment, as well as current interventions, are also described. Moving forward towards 2020, resources will be needed to assess and implement scalable intervention strategies to address psychological and social barriers to HIV and STI risk reduction and treatment for MSM, with a particular focus on the most vulnerable subpopulations. As access to prevention and treatment strategies expand, and new breakthroughs continue to emerge, behavioural strategies will continue to be needed to reduce risk and increase uptake and engagement among MSM most at risk through 2020 and beyond.
Global travel and HIV/STI epidemics among MSM: what does the future hold?
Authors: Lee Veronica C. , Sullivan Patrick S. , Baral Stefan D.
Published: January 2017

Infectious disease epidemics occur within dynamic systems and environments that shape risk and, ultimately, the spread of infectious diseases. Gay men and other men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately impacted by HIV everywhere in the world. Several emerging trends present risks for sustained or increased HIV acquisition and transmission, and the growth of global travel in the context of emerging online platforms for social/sexual networking is discussed here. Four factors associated with travel that could potentiate HIV transmission are highlighted: different patterns of sexual risk behaviours during travel; the growth of online tools to meet sex partners more efficiently; the global heterogeneity of HIV strains; and the potential for diassortative mixing of men from high- and low-HIV prevalence areas. Prevention tools and services must rise to these challenges, and innovative mobile applications and programs have played, and will continue to play, an important role in supporting MSM at risk for or living with HIV during their periods of travel.
Diverse evolutionary patterns of pneumococcal antigens identified by pangenome-wide immunological screening
Authors: Croucher Nicholas J. , Campo Joseph J. , Le Timothy Q. , Liang Xiaowu , Bentley Stephen D. , Hanage William P. , Lipsitch Marc
Published: January 2017

Significance

The wealth of genomic data available for the respiratory pathogen
Streptococcus pneumoniae
enabled the design of a pangenome-wide proteome microarray. Of over 2,000 pneumococcal proteins, 208 strongly bound antibodies in adult human sera. The vast majority could be classified as either variants of four diverse loci or more conserved proteins involved in adhesion, enzymatic degradation, solute binding, or cell wall synthesis. Detailed analyses of the genomic data revealed some variable antigens rapidly diversified through mechanisms including homologous recombination, mobile genetic element transmission, and phase variation. Other antigens were conserved across the population and may be better candidates for simple vaccine formulations. This raises the question of what evolutionary advantage bacteria derive from altering only a subset of their antigenic loci.
Explaining differences in women's working time in European cities
Authors: Jensen Per H. , Møberg Rasmus Juul , Och Ralf , Pfau-Effinger Birgit
Published: January 2017

Women's work-time pattern in Europe is highly heterogeneous; some women work short or long part-time hours, while others work full-time. Few studies, however, have analysed the factors constituting women's work-time pattern. The article aims to explain why women's working time differs in five relatively big European cities, which represent an urban environment that is particularly supportive to women's employment, and the study is based on a new original telephone survey from 2013 among women 25–64 years of age. It is hypothesized and analysed how women's work-time pattern is the result of women's family-cultural orientation, individual and family characteristic, the gendered division of household task, women's position in the vertical and horizontal division of labour, and city of residence. Findings support the theoretical assumptions that there is a significant relationship between family-cultural orientation and work practices.
INPP5E regulates phosphoinositide-dependent cilia transition zone function
Authors: Dyson Jennifer M. , Conduit Sarah E. , Feeney Sandra J. , Hakim Sandra , DiTommaso Tia , Fulcher Alex J. , Sriratana Absorn , Ramm Georg , Horan Kristy A. , Gurung Rajendra , Wicking Carol , Smyth Ian , Mitchell Christina A.
Published: January 2017

Human ciliopathies, including Joubert syndrome (JBTS), arise from cilia dysfunction. The inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase INPP5E localizes to cilia and is mutated in JBTS. Murine Inpp5e ablation is embryonically lethal and recapitulates JBTS, including neural tube defects and polydactyly; however, the underlying defects in cilia signaling and the function of INPP5E at cilia are still emerging. We report Inpp5e−/− embryos exhibit aberrant Hedgehog-dependent patterning with reduced Hedgehog signaling. Using mouse genetics, we show increasing Hedgehog signaling via Smoothened M2 expression rescues some Inpp5e−/− ciliopathy phenotypes and “normalizes” Hedgehog signaling. INPP5E’s phosphoinositide substrates PI(4,5)P2 and PI(3,4,5)P3 accumulated at the transition zone (TZ) in Hedgehog-stimulated Inpp5e−/− cells, which was associated with reduced recruitment of TZ scaffolding proteins and reduced Smoothened levels at cilia. Expression of wild-type, but not 5-phosphatase-dead, INPP5E restored TZ molecular organization and Smoothened accumulation at cilia. Therefore, we identify INPP5E as an essential point of convergence between Hedgehog and phosphoinositide signaling at cilia that maintains TZ function and Hedgehog-dependent embryonic development.
Andrew Ewald: Understanding cellular cooperation
Authors: Marat Andrea
Published: January 2017

Ewald takes a multidisciplinary collaborative approach to study epithelial morphogenesis
On a theorem of Mahler
Authors: Meher N. , Senthil Kumar K. , Thangadurai R.
Published: January 2017

Let

b
≥
2

b\geq 2

be an integer and

α
\alpha

a non-zero real number written in base

b
b

. In 1973, Mahler proved the following result: Let

α
\alpha

be an irrational number written in base

b
b

and let

n
≥
1

n\geq 1

be a given integer. Let

B
=

b
0

b
1

…

b

n
−
1

B = b_0b_1\ldots b_{n-1}

be a given block of digits in base

b
b

of length

n
n

. Then, there exists an integer

X
X

with

1
≤
X
>

b

2
n
+
1

1\leq X > b^{2n+1}

such that

B
B

occurs infinitely often in the base

b
b

representation of the fractional part of

X
α

X\alpha

. In this short note, we deal with some conditional quantitative version of this result.
Some elementary examples of non-liftable varieties
Authors: Achinger Piotr , Zdanowicz Maciej
Published: January 2017

We present some simple examples of smooth projective varieties in positive characteristic, arising from linear algebra, which do not admit a lifting neither to characteristic zero, nor to the ring of Witt vectors of length

2
2

. Our first construction is the blow-up of the graph of the Frobenius morphism of a homogeneous space. The second example is a blow-up of

P

3

\mathbb {P}^3

in a ‘purely characteristic-

p
p

’ configuration of points and lines.
Free products in the unit group of the integral group ring of a finite group
Authors: Janssens Geoffrey , Jespers Eric , Temmerman Doryan
Published: January 2017

Let

G
G

be a finite group and let

p
p

be a prime. We continue the search for generic constructions of free products and free monoids in the unit group

U

(

Z

G
)

\mathcal {U}(\mathbb {Z}G)

of the integral group ring

Z

G

\mathbb {Z} G

. For a nilpotent group

G
G

with a non-central element

g
g

of order

p
p

, explicit generic constructions are given of two periodic units

b
1

b_1

and

b
2

b_2

in

U

(

Z

G
)

\mathcal {U}(\mathbb {Z}G)

such that
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="mathematical left-angle b 1 comma b 2 mathematical right-angle equals mathematical left-angle b 1 mathematical right-angle star mathematical left-angle b 2 mathematical right-angle approximately-equals double-struck upper Z Subscript p Baseline star double-struck upper Z Subscript p">

⟨

b
1

,

b
2

⟩
=
⟨

b
1

⟩
⋆
⟨

b
2

⟩
≅

Z

p

⋆

Z

p

\langle b_1, b_2\rangle =\langle b_1\rangle \star \langle b_2 \rangle \cong \mathbb {Z}_p \star \mathbb {Z}_{p}

, a free product of two cyclic groups of prime order. Moreover, if

G
G

is nilpotent of class

2
2

and

g
g

has order

p
n

p^n

, then also concrete generators for free products

Z

p
k

⋆

Z

p
m

\mathbb {Z}_{p^k} \star \mathbb {Z}_{p^m}

are constructed (with

1
≤
k
,
m
≤
n

1\leq k,m\leq n

). As an application, for finite nilpotent groups, we obtain earlier results of Marciniak-Sehgal and Gonçalves-Passman. Further, for an arbitrary finite group

G
G

we give generic constructions of free monoids in

U

(

Z

G
)

\mathcal {U}(\mathbb {Z}G)

that generate an infinite solvable subgroup.
Precise large deviations for the first passage time of a random walk with negative drift
Authors: Buraczewski Dariusz , Maślanka Mariusz
Published: January 2017

Let

S
n

S_n

be partial sums of an i.i.d. sequence

{

X
i

}

\{X_i\}

. We assume that

E

X
1

>
0

\mathbb {E} X_1 >0

and

P

[

X
1

>
0
]
>
0

\mathbb {P}[X_1>0]>0

. In this paper we study the first passage time

τ
u

=
inf
{
n
:

S
n

>
u
}
.

\begin{equation*} \tau _u = \inf \{n:\; S_n > u\}. \end{equation*}

The classical Cramér’s estimate of the ruin probability says that

P

[

τ
u

>
∞
]
∼
C

e

−

α
0

u

as 
u
→
∞
,

\begin{equation*} \mathbb {P}[\tau _u>\infty ] \sim C e^{-\alpha _0 u}\qquad \text {as } u\to \infty , \end{equation*}

for some parameter

α
0

\alpha _0

. The aim of the paper is to describe precise large deviations of the first crossing by

S
n

S_n

a linear boundary. More precisely for a fixed parameter

ρ
\rho

we study asymptotic behavior of

P

[

τ
u

=
⌊
u

/

ρ
⌋

]

\mathbb {P}\big [\tau _u = \lfloor u/\rho \rfloor \big ]

as

u
u

tends to infinity.
Vanishing of Ext and Tor over fiber products
Authors: Nasseh Saeed , Sather-Wagstaff Sean
Published: January 2017

Consider a non-trivial fiber product

R
=
S

×
k

T

R=S\times _kT

of local rings

S
S

,

T
T

with common residue field

k
k

. Given two finitely generated

R
R

-modules

M
M

and

N
N

, we show that if
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper T o r Subscript i Superscript upper R Baseline left-parenthesis upper M comma upper N right-parenthesis equals 0 equals upper T o r Subscript i plus 1 Superscript upper R Baseline left-parenthesis upper M comma upper N right-parenthesis">

Tor
i
R

⁡
(
M
,
N
)
=
0
=

Tor

i
+
1

R

⁡
(
M
,
N
)

\operatorname {Tor}^R_i(M,N)=0=\operatorname {Tor}^R_{i+1}(M,N)

for some

i
⩾
5

i\geqslant 5

, then

pd
R

⁡
(
M
)
⩽
1

\operatorname {pd}_R(M)\leqslant 1

or

pd
R

⁡
(
N
)
⩽
1

\operatorname {pd}_R(N)\leqslant 1

. From this, we deduce several consequences, for instance, that

R
R

satisfies the Auslander-Reiten Conjecture.
A vanishing theorem on fake projective planes with enough automorphisms
Authors: Keum JongHae
Published: January 2017

For every fake projective plane

X
X

with automorphism group of order 21, we prove that

H
i

(
X
,
2
L
)
=
0

H^i(X, 2L)=0

for all

i
i

and for every ample line bundle

L
L

with

L
2

=
1

L^2=1

. For every fake projective plane with automorphism group of order 9, we prove the same vanishing for every cubic root (and its twist by a 2-torsion) of the canonical bundle

K
K

. As an immediate consequence, there are exceptional sequences of length 3 on such fake projective planes.
Large deviation principle for some beta ensembles
Authors: Dinh Tien-Cuong , Nguyên Viêt-Anh
Published: January 2017

Let

L
L

be a positive line bundle over a projective complex manifold

X
X

,

L
p

L^p

its tensor power of order

p
p

,

H
0

(
X
,

L
p

)

H^0(X,L^p)

the space of holomorphic sections of

L
p

L^p

, and

N
p

N_p

the complex dimension of

H
0

(
X
,

L
p

)

H^0(X,L^p)

. The determinant of a basis of

H
0

(
X
,

L
p

)

H^0(X,L^p)

, together with some given probability measure on a weighted compact set in

X
X

, induces naturally a

β
\beta

-ensemble, i.e., a random

N
p

N_p

-point process on the compact set. Physically, depending on

X
X

and the value of

β
\beta

, this general setting corresponds to a gas of free or interacting fermions on

X
X

and may admit an interpretation in terms of some random matrix models. The empirical measures, associated with such

β
\beta

-ensembles, converge almost surely to an equilibrium measure when

p
p

goes to infinity. We establish a large deviation theorem (LDT) with an effective speed of convergence for these empirical measures. Our study covers a large class of

β
\beta

-ensembles on a compact subset of the unit sphere

S

n

⊂

R

n
+
1

\mathbb {S}^n\subset \mathbb {R}^{n+1}

or of the Euclidean space

R

n

\mathbb {R}^n

.
Limits of Geometries
Authors: Cooper Daryl , Danciger Jeffrey , Wienhard Anna
Published: January 2017

A geometric transition is a continuous path of geometric structures that changes type, meaning that the model geometry, i.e., the homogeneous space on which the structures are modeled, abruptly changes. In order to rigorously study transitions, one must define a notion of geometric limit at the level of homogeneous spaces, describing the basic process by which one homogeneous geometry may transform into another. We develop a general framework to describe transitions in the context that both geometries involved are represented as sub-geometries of a larger ambient geometry. Specializing to the setting of real projective geometry, we classify the geometric limits of any sub-geometry whose structure group is a symmetric subgroup of the projective general linear group. As an application, we classify all limits of three-dimensional hyperbolic geometry inside of projective geometry, finding Euclidean, Nil, and Sol geometry among the limits. We prove, however, that the other Thurston geometries, in particular

H

2

×

R

\mathbb {H}^2 \times \mathbb {R}

and

S
L

2

R

~

\widetilde {\mathrm {SL}_2\mathbb {R}}

, do not embed in any limit of hyperbolic geometry in this sense.
11-Beta Dehydrogenase Type 2 Activity Is Not Reduced in Treatment Resistant Hypertension
Authors: Ghazi Lama , Dudenbostel Tanja , Hachem Maria El , Siddiqui Mohammed , Lin Chee Paul , Oparil Suzanne , Calhoun David A.
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE

Decreased renal 11-beta dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2) activity, as reflected by an increased urinary free cortisol to cortisone ratio (UFF/UFE), is associated with having hypertension (HTN). The current study was conducted to determine if reduced 11β-HSD2 activity is also associated with having resistant HTN.

METHOD

We evaluated 55 consecutive patients with RHTN, defined as blood pressure (BP) ≥140/90 mm Hg despite using ≥3 antihypertensive medications including a diuretic, and 38 patients whose BP was controlled on ≤3 medications to serve as a non-RHTN comparator group. All patients underwent biochemical evaluation, including measurement of 24-hour urinary UFF/UFE.

RESULTS

The 2 study groups had similar demographic characteristics. Systolic, diastolic BP, and number of antihypertensive medications were greater in patients with uncontrolled RHTN vs. the control group (167.5 ± 28.2/91.2 ± 18.8 vs. 126.6 ± 11.4/77.8 ± 8.65 mm Hg and 4.31 ± 1.23 vs. 2.74 ± 0.6, respectively). The 24-hour UFF was 13.6 ± 11.8 vs. 14.3 ± 10.7 µg/24 h and UFE was 64.9 ± 36.3 vs. 76.1 ± 44 µg/24 h such that the UFF/UFE was 0.22 ± 0.16 vs. 0.19 ± 0.09 in RHTN vs. the control group. This ratio was not associated to age, race, gender, and body mass index.

CONCLUSION

An elevated UFF/UFE was not present in this large cohort of patients with uncontrolled RHTN. This suggests that reduced conversion of cortisol to cortisone does not contribute to the development of RHTN.
A powerful and efficient two-stage method for detecting gene-to-gene interactions in GWAS
Authors: Pecanka Jakub , Jonker Marianne A. ,   International Parkinson’S Disease Genomics Consortium (IPDGC), Bochdanovits Zoltan , Van Der Vaart Aad W.
Published: January 2017

For over a decade functional gene-to-gene interaction (epistasis) has been suspected to be a determinant in the “missing heritability” of complex traits. However, searching for epistasis on the genome-wide scale has been challenging due to the prohibitively large number of tests which result in a serious loss of statistical power as well as computational challenges. In this article, we propose a two-stage method applicable to existing case-control data sets, which aims to lessen both of these problems by pre-assessing whether a candidate pair of genetic loci is involved in epistasis before it is actually tested for interaction with respect to a complex phenotype. The pre-assessment is based on a two-locus genotype independence test performed in the sample of cases. Only the pairs of loci that exhibit non-equilibrium frequencies are analyzed via a logistic regression score test, thereby reducing the multiple testing burden. Since only the computationally simple independence tests are performed for all pairs of loci while the more demanding score tests are restricted to the most promising pairs, genome-wide association study (GWAS) for epistasis becomes feasible. By design our method provides strong control of the type I error. Its favourable power properties especially under the practically relevant misspecification of the interaction model are illustrated. Ready-to-use software is available. Using the method we analyzed Parkinson’s disease in four cohorts and identified possible interactions within several SNP pairs in multiple cohorts.
Forecasting climate-driven changes in the geographical range of the European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus)
Authors: Raybaud Virginie , Bacha Mahmoud , Amara Rachid , Beaugrand Grégory
Published: January 2017

Anthropogenic climate change is already affecting marine ecosystems and the responses of living-resources to warming waters are various, ranging from the modifications in the abundance of key species to phenologic and biogeographic shifts. Here, we used a recently developed Ecological Niche Model (ENM) to evaluate the potential effects of global climate change on the future geographical distribution of the European anchovy. We first modelled the ecological niche (sensu Hutchinson) of the fish and projected its future spatial range using new IPCC representative concentration pathways (RCPs) scenarios and five of the latest generation of ocean-atmosphere global circulation models. We chose this multi-model and multi-scenario approach to evaluate the range of possible trajectories until the end of the century. Our projections indicate that substantial poleward shifts in the probability of anchovy occurrence are very likely and highlight areas where European anchovy fisheries are forecasted to change most. Whatever the warming scenario, our results project a reduction in the probability of occurrence in all the regions located under 48°N and an increase in more northern areas. However, increases or decreases in the probability of occurrence are greater under the “business-as-usual” scenario RCP8.5 than under the low-emission scenario RCP2.6.
Information needs of generalists and specialists using online best-practice algorithms to answer clinical questions
Authors: Cook David A , Sorensen Kristi J , Linderbaum Jane A , Pencille Laurie J , Rhodes Deborah J
Published: January 2017

Objective: To better understand clinician information needs and learning opportunities by exploring the use of best-practice algorithms across different training levels and specialties.

Methods: We developed interactive online algorithms (care process models [CPMs]) that integrate current guidelines, recent evidence, and local expertise to represent cross-disciplinary best practices for managing clinical problems. We reviewed CPM usage logs from January 2014 to June 2015 and compared usage across specialty and provider type.

Results: During the study period, 4009 clinicians (2014 physicians in practice, 1117 resident physicians, and 878 nurse practitioners/physician assistants [NP/PAs]) viewed 140 CPMs a total of 81 764 times. Usage varied from 1 to 809 views per person, and from 9 to 4615 views per CPM. Residents and NP/PAs viewed CPMs more often than practicing physicians. Among 2742 users with known specialties, generalists (N = 1397) used CPMs more often (mean 31.8, median 7 views) than specialists (N = 1345; mean 6.8, median 2; P < .0001). The topics used by specialists largely aligned with topics within their specialties. The top 20% of available CPMs (28/140) collectively accounted for 61% of uses. In all, 2106 clinicians (52%) returned to the same CPM more than once (average 7.8 views per topic; median 4, maximum 195). Generalists revisited topics more often than specialists (mean 8.8 vs 5.1 views per topic; P < .0001).

Conclusions: CPM usage varied widely across topics, specialties, and individual clinicians. Frequently viewed and recurrently viewed topics might warrant special attention. Specialists usually view topics within their specialty and may have unique information needs.
The K2-ESPRINT project. VI. K2-105 b, a hot Neptune around a metal-rich G-dwarf
Authors: Narita Norio , Hirano Teruyuki , Fukui Akihiko , Hori Yasunori , Dai Fei , Yu Liang , Livingston John , Ryu Tsuguru , Nowak Grzegorz , Kuzuhara Masayuki , Sato Bun'ei , Takeda Yoichi , Albrecht Simon , Kudo Tomoyuki , Kusakabe Nobuhiko , Palle Enric , Ribas Ignasi , Tamura Motohide , Van Eylen Vincent , Winn Joshua N.
Published: January 2017

We report on the confirmation that the candidate transits observed for the star EPIC 211525389 are due to a short-period Neptune-sized planet. The host star, located in K2 campaign field 5, is a metal-rich ([Fe/H] = 0.26 ± 0.05) G-dwarf (Teff = 5430 ± 70 K and log g = 4.48 ± 0.09), based on observations with the High Dispersion Spectrograph (HDS) on the Subaru 8.2 m telescope. High spatial resolution AO imaging with HiCIAO on the Subaru telescope excludes faint companions near the host star, and the false positive probability of this target is found to be <10−6 using the open source vespa code. A joint analysis of transit light curves from K2 and additional ground-based multi-color transit photometry with MuSCAT on the Okayama 1.88 m telescope gives an orbital period of P = 8.266902 ± 0.000070 d and consistent transit depths of Rp/R⋆ ∼ 0.035 or (Rp/R⋆)2 ∼ 0.0012. The transit depth corresponds to a planetary radius of $R_{\rm p} = 3.59_{-0.39}^{+0.44}\,R_{\oplus }$, indicating that EPIC 211525389 b is a short-period Neptune-sized planet. Radial velocities of the host star, obtained with the Subaru HDS, lead to a 3 σ upper limit of 90 M⊕ (0.00027 M⊙) on the mass of EPIC 211525389 b, confirming its planetary nature. We expect this planet, newly named K2-105 b, to be the subject of future studies to characterize its mass, atmosphere, and spin–orbit (mis)alignment, as well as investigate the possibility of additional planets in the system.
A lognormal distribution of the lengths of terminal twigs on self-similar branches of elm trees
Authors: Koyama Kohei , Yamamoto Ken , Ushio Masayuki
Published: January 2017

Lognormal distributions and self-similarity are characteristics associated with a wide range of biological systems. The sequential breakage model has established a link between lognormal distributions and self-similarity and has been used to explain species abundance distributions. To date, however, there has been no similar evidence in studies of multicellular organismal forms. We tested the hypotheses that the distribution of the lengths of terminal stems of Japanese elm trees (
Ulmus davidiana
), the end products of a self-similar branching process, approaches a lognormal distribution. We measured the length of the stem segments of three elm branches and obtained the following results: (i) each occurrence of branching caused variations or errors in the lengths of the child stems relative to their parent stems; (ii) the branches showed statistical self-similarity; the observed error distributions were similar at all scales within each branch and (iii) the multiplicative effect of these errors generated variations of the lengths of terminal twigs that were well approximated by a lognormal distribution, although some statistically significant deviations from strict lognormality were observed for one branch. Our results provide the first empirical evidence that statistical self-similarity of an organismal form generates a lognormal distribution of organ sizes.
Community-acquired urinary tract infections caused by Burkholderia
cepacia complex in patients with no underlying risk factor
Authors: Nimri Laila , Sulaiman Mamuno , Hani Osama Bani
Published: January 2017

Introduction. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) remain common infections diagnosed in outpatients as well as hospitalized patients. Community-acquired UTIs are generally caused by Escherichia coli and other members of the family Enterobacteriaceae.
Burkholderia
cepacia is an opportunistic pathogen mainly affecting immunocompromised and hospitalized patients, particularly those who have received prior broad-spectrum antibacterial therapy.

Case presentation. Urine samples were collected from 157 outpatients clinically diagnosed with UTI and from 100 healthy control subjects. Samples were cultured on differential media and non-motile lactose-non-fermentors were identified via the Remel RapID ONE system. The isolates were tested by the disc diffusion method against 17 antimicrobial agents. Burkholderia was isolated as a single organism from four patients having uncomplicated infections, and one from recurrent infection. None of these patients had an underlying risk factor for this pathogen. Identification of these isolates by the Remel-RapID ONE system was confirmed by recA gene amplification. The four isolates were resistant to lincomycin, nalidixic acid, oxacillin and penicillin G. These cases received monotherapy of oral co-trimoxazole.

Conclusions. Our findings alert urologists and diagnostic laboratories to the potential of B.
cepacia complex infections in similar cases, and that this bacterium should not be ruled out.
Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusandblaCTX-Mpositive Enterobacteriaceae from retail beef and pork in Singapore
Authors: Koh Tse Hsien , Wong Darris Shao Xuan , bin Aron Nur Khairuddin , Lau Quek Choon , Cao Delphine , Hsu Li-Yang
Published: January 2017

A small study was carried out to see if methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Enterobacteriaceae containingblaCTX-Mextended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes could be found in retail meat sold in Singapore. Both were successfully isolated, suggesting the potential for their acquisition in the local community.
Network cloning using DNA barcodes
Authors: Shuvaev Sergey A. , Başerdem Batuhan , Zador Anthony , Koulakov Alexei A.
Published: January 2017

The connections between neurons determine the computations performed by both artificial and biological neural networks. Recently, we have proposed SYNseq, a method for converting the connectivity of a biological network into a form that can exploit the tremendous efficiencies of high-throughput DNA sequencing. In SYNseq, each neuron is tagged with a random sequence of DNA—a “barcode”—and synapses are represented as barcode pairs. SYNseq addresses the analysis problem, reducing a network into a suspension of barcode pairs. Here we formulate a novel and complementary synthesis problem: How can the suspension of barcode pairs be used to “clone” or copy the network back into an uninitialized tabula rasa network? Although this synthesis problem might be expected to be computationally intractable, we find that, surprisingly, this problem can be solved efficiently, using only neuron-local information. We present the “one barcode one cell” (OBOC) algorithm, which forces all barcodes of a given sequence to coalesce into the same neuron, and show that it converges in a number of steps that is a power law of the network size. Rapid and reliable network cloning with single synapse precision is thus theoretically possible.
The relationship between species richness and ecosystem variability is shaped by the mechanism of coexistence
Authors: Tredennick Andrew T. , Adler Peter B. , Adler Frederick R.
Published: January 2017

Theory relating species richness to ecosystem variability typically ignores the potential for environmental variability to promote species coexistence. Failure to account for fluctuation-dependent coexistence mechanisms may explain observed deviations from the expected negative diversity–ecosystem variability relationship, and limits our ability to predict the consequences of future increases in environmental variability. We use a consumer-resource model to explore how coexistence via the temporal storage effect and relative nonlinearity affects ecosystem variability. We show that a positive, rather than negative, diversity–ecosystem variability relationship is possible when ecosystem function is sampled across a natural gradient in environmental variability and diversity. We also show how fluctuation-dependent coexistence can buffer ecosystem functioning against increasing environmental variability by promoting species richness and portfolio effects. Our work provides a general explanation for variation in observed diversity–ecosystem variability relationships and highlights the importance of conserving regional species pools to help buffer ecosystems against predicted increases in environmental variability.
Politicising the sustaining of water supply in Ireland – the role of accounting concepts
Authors: Jollands Stephen , Quinn Martin
Published: January 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine how the Irish Government mobilised accounting concepts to assist in implementing domestic water billing. While such is commonplace in other jurisdictions and is generally accepted as necessary to sustain a water supply, previous attempts were unsuccessful and a political hot potato.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use an actor-network theory inspired approach. Specifically, the concepts of calculative spaces and their “otherness” to non-calculative spaces are used to analyse how accounting concepts were mobilised and the effects they had in the introduction of domestic water billing. The authors utilise publically available documents such as legislation, programmes for government, regulator publications, media reports and parliamentary records in the analysis over the period from 1983 to late 2014.

Findings

The analysis highlights how the implementation of domestic water billing involved the assembling of many divergent actors including the mobilisation of accounting concepts. Specifically the concept of “cost” became a contested entity. The government mobilised it in a conventional way to represent the resourcing of the water supply. Countering this, domestic water users associated “cost” with a direct impact on their own resources and lives. Thus, an entity usually associated with the economic realm was embroiled in political processes, with much of what they were supposed to represent becoming invisible. Thus the authors observed accounting concepts being mobilised to support the gaining of a specific political ends, the implementation of domestic billing, rather than as part of the means to implement a sustainable water supply within Ireland.

Research limitations/implications

This research has some limitations, one being the authors draw on secondary data. However, the research does provide a detailed base from which to continue to study a new water utility over time.

Originality/value

This study demonstrates the complications that can occur when accounting concepts are associated with gaining of a political ends rather than as a means in the process of trying to achieve a sustainable water supply. Further, the process saw the creation of a new utility, which is a rare occurrence in the developed world, and a water utility even more so; this study demonstrates the role accounting concepts can have in this creation.
Constructing audit society in the virtual world: the case of the online reviewer
Authors: Jeacle Ingrid
Published: January 2017

Purpose

Online user reviews have increasingly become a popular means by which the lay person can both procure advice and offer personal opinions. Amazon, the electronic retail giant, is a prominent example of a site which hosts such user generated content; the opinions of its repository of reviewers have become an important source of assurance provision. The purpose of this paper is to suggest that Amazon provides an example of how audit logics have entered new spaces. In Amazon, the author witnesses the construction of auditability in the virtual world. This may explain the popularity and authority seemingly enjoyed by user reviews.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper uses the methodological approach of netnography (Kozinets, 2002). This new methodology has emerged in order to undertake ethnographic research within virtual communities. Applying this methodology to the case of Amazon involved becoming familiar with the operational features of the site and analysing its textual discourse.

Findings

The paper identifies in Amazon, Power’s (1996) three examples of how auditability is invoked: through rhetorics of measurability, auditable systems of control, and reliance on experts. The paper therefore argues that online user reviews are reflective of the extension of audit society into the virtual world.

Originality/value

The paper explores the possibilities of the virtual world for accounting research, a world which is an increasingly prominent feature of popular culture. In addition, the paper responds to recent calls to examine the processes of assurance provision beyond the traditional domain of financial audit.
Employee expectations and intrinsic motivation: work-related boredom as a mediator
Authors: Gkorezis Panagiotis , Kastritsi Aikaterini
Published: January 2017

Purpose

Researchers have long recognized that employee expectations play an important role in determining their levels of motivation. However, less is known about the relationship between newcomers’ expectations about their job and intrinsic motivation. Even more, there is limited empirical research on the underlying mechanisms that explain this relationship. Given the recent resurgence of interest concerning the construct of work-related boredom and drawing on several theoretical frameworks, the purpose of this paper is to address this gap by examining the mediating role of work-related boredom in the linkage between newcomers’ expectations and intrinsic motivation.

Design/methodology/approach

The current study utilized a snowball approach in order to garner a diverse sample of newcomers. To examine the present hypotheses, bootstrapping analysis and Sobel test were used.

Findings

The results showed that unmet expectations enhance work-related boredom which in turn affects intrinsic motivation.

Research limitations/implications

Given the cross-sectional and mono-source design of the study, the results may suffer from causality and common method variance issues.

Originality/value

The present study provides novel insights into the psychological mediating mechanisms that explain the relationship between newcomers’ expectations about their job and their intrinsic motivation.
Multidimensional entrepreneurial intent: an internationally validated measurement approach
Authors: Valliere Dave
Published: January 2017

Purpose

Entrepreneurial intent (EI) is a foundational construct in theories of entrepreneurship. But three challenges currently threaten the author’s ability to accurately measure EI. First, previous measurement approaches have confounded EI with closely related but theoretically distinct constructs such as attitudes and beliefs about entrepreneurship. Second, they have treated EI as an “all-or-nothing” decision, without reflecting the step-wise commitment of the entrepreneuring process. And finally, much of past EI research has been done in Western developed countries without validation in a diverse international context in which unstated assumptions about the EI construct may not hold. The purpose of this paper is to report on the development of a new EI scale that addresses these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

Nested structural equation modelling is used to develop and validate a novel scale for measuring EI in international contexts, based on data from 998 respondents in eight countries.

Findings

A two-dimensional substructure to the EI construct is revealed as especially apparent in non-Western countries. Based on this, a new 11-item scale is proposed and validated.

Research limitations/implications

Previous studies utilizing the EI construct may be biased by its imprecise measurement and confounding by other constructs in the nomological net. The present study provides new insight into the nature of the EI construct and a novel instrument for measuring it without bias. The discovered two-dimensional structure for EI measurement may also have implications for theorists interested in antecedents and effects of EI.

Practical implications

Accurate measurement of EI is essential to developing and targeting policies to effect changes in national entrepreneurship. Previous measurements may therefore have contributed to misstatement of policy objectives and allocation of national resources.

Originality/value

This research provides a validated method of measuring EI without the serious confounds of previous scales, and that is robust to a wide range of international settings. It also provides new insight into a two-dimensional substructure to the EI construct that has not been observed in previous studies.