bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Amale Sodhlin Ni Khoi Choro Bhano : Context analysis of the song
Authors: Adhikari Anil
Published: August 2023

This article examines the context of the song Amale Sodhlin Ni Khoi Choro Bhano. Physical, personal, and cognitive context have been chosen as the primary research problems for this article. This article is a library work that was compiled using a qualitative research methodology and analytic framework. It is based on a theoretical analysis of reference analysis. Contextual analysis is a discipline that analyzes text based on the context that language creates in a linguistic structure that is higher than the paragraph level. In the presented song compilation, the counter-revolution, which has been continuously dynamic since the 2007 political change in Nepal, and the memories of a war-wounded soldier before his death are depicted.
बालकथाको विकास र शैक्षणिकता
Authors: केशव भुसाल
Published: August 2023

प्रस्तुत लेख बालकथाको विकास र शैक्षणिकता अध्ययनमा आधारित रहेको छ । यस लेखमा बालकथाको परिचय, नेपाली बालकथाको विकास र शैक्षणिकताबारे अध्ययन गरिएको छ । बालकथाको परिचय दिनु, नेपाली बालकथाको विकासक्रम पहिल्याउनु, बालकथाको शैक्षणिकता प्रस्तुत गर्नु प्रस्तुत अध्ययनका मूलभूत उद्देश्य रहेका छन् । यो अध्ययन मूलतः गुणात्मक अनुसन्धानमा आधारित रहेको छ । यस अध्ययनमा वर्णनात्मक तथा विश्लेषणात्मक पद्धतिको अनुप्रयोग गरिएको छ । यसमा आवश्यक सामग्रीहरुको सङ्कलन पुस्तकालयीय अध्ययनका माध्यमबाट गरिएको छ । प्रस्तुत अध्ययनमा द्वितीयक स्रोतका सामग्रीहरूको प्रयोग गरिएको छ । यस क्रममा मुख्यतः नेपाली र अङ्ग्रेजी सैद्धान्तिक सामग्रीहरूको उपयोग गरिएको छ । यस अध्ययनबाट बालकथा बालबालिकाका लागि लेखिएको रचनाका रूपमा रहेको , यो प्रौढ साहित्यभन्दा भिन्न एवम् पृथक रहेको, यसको विकासक्रम फरकफरक विद्वान्हरूद्वारा फरकफरक किसिमले प्रस्तुत गरिएको, यसको शैक्षणिकताका लागि बालबालिकाको रुचि, स्तर, मनोविज्ञान र पठनीयतामा ध्यान दिनुपर्ने आवश्यकता रहेकोलगायतका निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ । प्रस्तुत अध्ययन बालकथाको परिचय, विकास र यसको शैक्षणिकताबारे जानकारी लिन चाहने जोकोहीका लागि पनि उपयोगी हुने विश्वास लिइएको छ ।
Environmental Pollution and its Effects on Human Health
Authors: Gyawali Kalpana , Acharya Pitambar , Poudel Deepak
Published: August 2023

Environmental pollution poses a widespread issue with significant implications for the well-being of individuals and populations worldwide. The escalating utilization of fossil fuels, improper sewage disposal practices, and indiscriminate use of agricultural pesticides contribute to the pervasive presence of environmental pollution across the globe. To assess the state of environmental pollution and its impact on human health on a global scale, a comprehensive review of relevant scholarly articles was undertaken. The deleterious effects of pollution manifest in elevated rates of cancer, cardiovascular disease, respiratory ailments, mental disorders, and diarrhea. Each year, approximately 7 million individuals succumb to air pollution-related causes, while an additional 1.6 million people perish due to diseases stemming from water pollution. Environmental pollution emerges as a principal determinant of human morbidity and mortality worldwide, with low-income nations displaying heightened vulnerability. Given the escalating burden of pollution in the modern era, concerted and collaborative efforts by all relevant entities and nations are imperative to mitigate the extent and consequences of pollution on the global environment and human health.
Teachers' Problems and Concerns in Teacher Education
Authors: Adhikari Narayan Prasad
Published: August 2023

The objective of this study is to find out the major problems and concerns of teachers in teacher education. This is a literature review based study. The descriptive method was employed in this study. The goal of a program called "teacher education" is to help educators become more effective and competent so they can fulfill the demands of their jobs and the problems posed by globalization. We must try to improve our teacher preparation program if we want to have good teachers. The findings indicate that teachers in Nepal confront a number of difficulties in their line of work. It was found that traditional curricula, a lack of developing creativity, life skills, and a lack of training in teaching skills, and traditional teaching strategies, low school supervision, insufficient empirical research, profit-oriented education, a lack of ICT-based teaching and learning, etc. are the main issues and problems in teacher education. Additionally, there is a serious issue due to the imbalance between the supply and demand for teachers. To improve the standard of teacher education, it is crucial to empower teachers to perform well. The corrective actions to enhance teacher education include proper scheduling and use of human resources, management of qualified staff, provision of adequate facilities and equipment, appropriate techniques, effective teaching practices, quality improvement, research skills, changes in the role of teachers, integration of ICT in teacher education, and other things. However, effective action should be taken by the central and local governments to strengthen the programs for teacher education.
Better English, Better Job Opportunities in Nepal
Authors: Khadka Kabita
Published: August 2023

Globalization paved the way for the rapid expansion of the English language and because of this, its horizons are being expanded day by day. This paper is an attempt to highlight and argue on the importance of the English language in higher education in Nepal in one hand and on the other hand, it tries to shed some light on the vocational zones that the English language has created in the country. The study is argumentative (qualitative) in nature and it has collected pieces of evidence of the English language’s popularity and its facilitation in higher education using secondary sources of data. The major findings comprise that the English language has provided an enormous contribution to the vocational zones and because of which all the universities in Nepal have adopted the English language for teaching and learning activities, new and new employment opportunities are facilitated, it is a key component for getting an education in English speaking countries, and an English-speaking person deserves good status in almost all countries in the world.
'बिभाजित समय' उपन्यासका पात्रहरूको शैलीबैज्ञानिक आधारमा चरित्र चित्रण {Stylistically based characterization of the characters in the novel 'Bibhagit Samaya}
Authors: बराल Baral मदनराज Madanraj
Published: August 2023

प्रस्तुत लेख कृष्णविनोद लम्सालद्वारा लिखित विभाजित समय उपन्यासमा रहेका पात्रहरूको शैलीवैज्ञानिक आधारमा गरिएको चरित्रचित्रणमा केन्द्रित छ । शैलीवैज्ञानिक अध्ययनले कृतिमा निहित घटना तथा पात्रहरूको मानसिकता र व्यवहारको सूक्ष्म अध्ययन गर्दछ । विवेच्य उपन्यासमा रहेका प्रमुख पात्रहरूको शैलीवैज्ञानिक आधारमा विश्लेषण गर्नु यस आलेखको मुख्य उद्देश्य रहेको हुनाले विषयलाई त्यहीँ केन्द्रित गरिएको छ । यस लेखको प्राथमिक सामग्रीका रूपमा उपन्यासलाई लिइएको छ र विषयको सैद्धान्तिक आधार निर्माणका लागि पुस्तकालयबाट द्वितीयक प्रकारका सामग्री लिइएको छ । पात्रहरूको शैलीवैज्ञानिक रूपबाट विश्लेषण गर्दा पात्र वर्गीकरणका सामान्यीकृत सिद्धान्तमा आधारित भएर गरिएको छ । विवेच्य उपन्यासका पात्रहरूलाई पात्र वर्गीकरणका मूलभूत मान्यताका आधारमा शैलीवैज्ञानिक रूपबाट चरित्रचित्रण गर्नु यस अध्ययनको उद्देश्य रहेकाले लेखका रूपमा प्रस्तुतीकरण गर्दा वर्णनात्मक विधि प्रयुक्त छ । पुलिङ्ग र स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रमुख, सहायक रगौण, अनुकूल र प्रतिकूल, गतिशील र गतिहीन , वर्गगत र व्यक्तिगत, नेपथ्य र मञ्चीय साथै बद्ध र मुक्त भन्ने आधारमा पात्रहरूको वर्गीकरणस हितको विश्लेषण गरी चरित्रचित्रणलाई तार्किक पुष्टि गरिएको छ । उपन्यासले अघि सारेको केन्द्रीय भाव प्रस्तुत गर्न यहाँका पात्रहरूको भूमिका उपयुक्त छ । यो बहुपात्रीय उपन्यास हो । यहाँ सबभन्दा बढी गौण, त्यसपछि क्रमशः सहायक र प्रमुख पात्र छन् । यस उपन्यासमा मञ्चीय, स्थिर, बद्ध, वर्गीय, अनुकूल र सहायक पात्रको बहुलता छ । यहाँ विश्लेषण गरिएका पात्रहरूमध्ये गौण र मुक्त पात्रको सङ्ख्या कमछ । निष्कर्षतः पात्र प्रयोगका दृष्टिले उपन्यास अब्बल ठहरिएको छ ।
Investing in Human Capital Management for Firm Performance: Liability or Strategic Alignment?
Authors: Gautam Prakash Kumar , Gautam Rishi Raj
Published: August 2023

A firm’s sustainable performance is a burgeoning issue globally. It is the strategic choice of the firm whether it should invest in its human resources. This study examines the role of human capital management in determining firm performance. HR competencies, HR practices, HR systems, and HR deliverables were selected as the dimensions of human capital management. Employee satisfaction was the mediating variable. Data were collected from a survey of conveniently selected 305 employees of purposively selected life insurance companies in Nepal. The results of the study revealed a positive significant impact of each component of human capital management and overall human capital management on firm performance, concluding that investment in human capital management is the strategic alignment rather than the liability. Firms investing more in human capital enhance their financial performance for sustainable growth. This study contributes to elaborating the resource-based view for creating dynamic capability of resources from effective development and mobilization of human resources.
Determinant of Customer Churn in the Nepalese Mobile Telephony Market
Authors: Shrestha Sabin , Basnet Dinesh , Humagain Mijash
Published: August 2023

This study aims to trace the primary reason for discontinuing the service or switching to other telecom operators by the customers. This study examines the customer churn determinant in the Nepalese mobile telephony market. The study used descriptive statistics and causal research design, i.e., a multiple linear regression model with 400 samples collected through a structured questionnaire. The study found that pricing and tariff, network quality, customer service and support, and new product and services are major determinants of customer churn in the Nepalese mobile telephone market. The current study is useful for developing predictive modeling by telecom operators to tap the possible churner beforehand by taking necessary marketing initiatives. Further, the study outcome could be useful for regulation in terms of devising the policy related to product offering by Nepalese telecom, pricing of the service, and the need to monitor the service quality by the telecom operators.
Worklife and Burnout in the Concrete Industry - Part 1: Applying Structural Equation Modeling to Examine the Relationship Between Worklife and Burnout
Authors: Avila Jacob , Dunbar Scott
Published: August 2023

Concrete industry professionals operate in a fast-paced andhigh volume niche of the construction industry. Concrete is one of the most commonlyused materials in the construction industry and keeping up with demand often requiresworking long hours under stressful and dangerous conditions (Alvanchi, Lee, & AbouRizk, 2012; Bowen, Edwards,Lingard, & Cattell, 2014; Leung, Chan, & Olomolaiye, 2008; Maslach& Leiter, 1997; Yang, Li, Song, & Li, 2018). In this study, theresearchers used the Areas of Worklife Survey (AWS) and Maslach BurnoutInventory (MBI) to investigate factors contributing to burnout forprofessionals in the concrete industry. The internal consistency was tested foreach of the dimensions of the AWS and MBI. Structural equation modeling wasapplied to analyze the structural relationships between the dimensions of the AWSand MBI. The results showed that respondents experienced heavy workloads and,subsequently, elevated exhaustion, cynicism, and high professional efficacy. This is Part 1 of a 2 article series that examines theworklife and burnout phenomena for the concrete industry. 
PEMBUATAN PUPUK CAIR SEMI ORGANIK DI KELOMPOK TANI WIRA KARYA TANAH DATAR MUARA BADAK KABUPATEN KUTAI KARTANEGARA
Authors: Napitupulu Marisi , Sutejo Hery , Syahfari Helda , Rahmi Abdul , Masriyah Masriyah , Sujalu Akas Pinaringan , Anwar Anwar , Munasikin Munasikin
Published: August 2023

Pertanian semi organik adalah pertanian yang dalam pengolahan tanah dan budi daya tanamannya lebih banyak menggunakan pupuk dan pestisida dari bahan organik dibandingkan penggunaan pupuk dan pestisida berbahan kimia. Pelaksanaan  Pembuatan Pupuk Cair Semi Organik dilaksanakan di kelompok Tani Wira Karya di Desa Tanah Datar  Muara Badak Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara, pada  hari  Sabtu tanggal 2 Juli 2022. Masukkan  pupuk kandang yang masih dalam  karung dan pupuk NPK 2 kg  ke dalam drum yang berisi air sebanyak 200 liter air, diamkan selama  2–3 hari sehingga berwarna  kehitaman, diangkat pupuk kandang  yang masih dalam  karung  dan dikeluarkan dari dalam drum. Pupuk cair semi organik dapat meningkatkan nilai tambah produk pertanian serta ramah lingkungan.
Decreased GADD45A gene expression level in MGUS
Authors: SUER Ilknur , DAĞLAR ADAY Aynur , ÖZTAN Gözde
Published: August 2023

Purpose: Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is a plasma cell dyscrasia. It is known that MGUS has an increased risk of progression to multiple myeloma (MM), and also prepares the ground for diseases such as Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM), non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Our study aimed to evaluate whether some important p53 pathway genes differ in terms of expression in MGUS and healthy individuals.

Materials and methods: For the study, bone marrow was collected from 8 healthy individuals and 8 individuals diagnosed with MGUS, and RNA samples were isolated. Expression levels of various genes involved in the p53 pathway were compared using the RT2-profiler PCR array. β-actin housekeeping gene expression level was used for normalization. The Pearson Correlation analysis and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis were conducted.

Results: Among the genes whose expression levels were examined in this study, it was determined that the expression level of only the GADD45A gene decreased significantly in MGUS compared to the control group (p=0.027). Pearson correlation data showed that GADD45A gene expression was highly correlated with 12 of the other genes (APAF1, CDK4, PCNA, BAX, CDKN2A, CASP9, CHECK2, MDM2, RB1, P53, BCL2, CHEK1) examined in the p53 pathway (r>0.7). In addition, according to the ROC analysis, GADD45A is detected to have a strong discrimination power between MGUS and healthy individuals (AUC=0.797 and p=0.015).

Conclusion: The decreased expression of the GADD45A gene in the MGUS group compared to the control group may be useful as a new biomarker to detect the risk of progression from MGUS to MM.
A Single Blinded, Cross-Sectional, Single-Center Study for the Validation of Atrial Fibrillation Detection using Spandan Smartphone ECG
Authors: Chandola Nitin , Mahajan Sahil , Garg Salil , Singh Yogendra , Sharma Richa , Chandola Nitin , Bhatia Tanuj , Bansal Basundhara
Published: August 2023

The atrial fibrillation prevalence is found between 0.1% and 4% in community-based research and between 2.8% and 14% in studies conducted in hospitals; nevertheless, a large portion of AF is still misdiagnosed. Smartphone applications for diagnosing AF have been proposed given that a big portion of Indians own smartphones, although it is unknown how accurate these programs would be. The study's objectives were as follows: a) To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the Spandan ECG in detecting AF in a single center trial that took place in SMIH Dehradun under the supervision of the cardiologist, and b) to investigate arrhythmia detection through a smartphone-based and monitoring. This single-blinded, cross-sectional, single-center study was conducted at Shri Mahant Indresh Hospital (SMIH), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India from August 2022 to December 2022. Patients (n=32) undergoing the electrocardiogram (ECG) at the Department of Cardiology of the SMIH, Dehradun during the study period and diagnosed with atrial fibrillation. Mean age (SD) was 59.93±13.81 years. Males (n=17/32, 53.1%) show more frequency than females. Most patients had a medical history of coronary artery disease (21.8%). True positive cases derived from confusion matrix of atrial fibrillation detected using smartphone based ECG and 12 lead standard ECG along with the cardiologist’s diagnosis was 29/32 on smartphone-based as compared to 19/32 from 12 lead gold standard. Atrial fibrillation was detected correctly in 29/32 cases and 19/32 cases by smartphone ECG and 12 lead gold standard, respectively. The study hypotheses that Spandan's ability of real-time ECG monitoring will be useful in evaluating whether a patient's discomfort is caused by recurrent arrhythmia.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP ANAK YANG BERHADAPAN DENGAN HUKUM ATAS TINDAK KEKERASAN FISIK DAN PSIKIS DI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM
Authors: Lubis Muhammad Dhobit Azhary , Furqoni Sarah , Anggraini Tia Ayu
Published: August 2023

Pada hakikatnya anak tidak dapat melindungi diri sendiri dan berbagai macam tindakan yang menimbulkan kerugian mental, fisik, sosial dalam berbagai bidang kehidupan dan penghidupan.Permasalahan yang diangkat dalam tesis ini adalah pengaturan hukum dan bentuk sanksi yang diberikan terhadap lembaga pendidikan islam sebagai pengelola lembaga atas anak yang berhadapan dengan hukum.Pentingnya proses diversi disadari oleh pembuat undang-undang, dalam Pasal 6 Undang-Undang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak disebutkan bahwa tujuan dari diversi adalah untuk mencapai perdamaian antara korban dan anak, menyelesaiakan perkara anak diluar proses pengadilan, menghindarkan anak dari perampasan kemerdekaan, mendorong masyarakat untuk berpartisipasi dan menanamkan rasa tanggung jawab kepada Anak. Sudah menjadi rahasia umum beberapa peristiwa tindak pidana yang terjadi di dunia pendidikan dalam hal ini dunia pendidikan islam, bukan hanya antara guru dengan murid tetapi yang terjadi di salah satu kabupaten di Provinsi Sumatera Utara terjadi kekerasan terhadap anak antara santri senior dengan santri junior yang menewaskan salah satu santri senior di pendidikan islam tersebut.
Introduction
Authors: Schulz Mascha , Binder Stefan
Published: August 2023

This introduction engages with recent scholarship on what has been dubbed ‘lived’ forms of nonreligion. It aims to profile the anthropology of the secular and nonreligion, no longer treating it as a subdiscipline or ‘emerging trend’ but as a substantial contribution to general debates in anthropology. Drawing on the ethnographic contributions to this special issue, we explore how novel approaches to embodiment, materiality, moral sensibilities, conceptual distinctions, and everyday practices signal new pathways for an anthropology of nonreligion that can lead beyond hitherto dominant concerns with the political governance of religion(s). Critically engaging with the notion of ‘lived’ nonreligion, we highlight the potential of ethnographic approaches to provide a uniquely anthropological perspective on secularism, irreligion, atheism, skepticism, and related phenomena.
Resistance Through Nonperformance
Authors: Hecker Pierre
Published: August 2023

This article explores the concept of resistance and hegemony in relation to atheism and nonreligion in Turkey. It highlights how the dominant discourse in Turkey commonly denies the existence of atheism and nonreligion while promoting the country's Sunni Muslim identity as synonymous with being Turkish. Still, the article argues that a significant number of people in Turkey have left Islam in recent years. Leaving Islam can be risky and met with discrimination, hate speech, and even physical violence. The study highlights the difficult situation faced by nonbelievers who must navigate between personal convictions and societal expectations. It contends that being atheist and choosing not to conform to dominant religious norms represents a form of discursive resistance against the Sunni Islamic hegemony in Turkey. The article concludes by asserting that the nonperformance of religious rituals can be seen as a form of resistance and a challenge to the ruling elite's claim to power.
Surgical treatment for extremely rare solitary fibrous tumors of the central nervous system originating from cranial nerve VIII: new clinicopathological findings. Illustrative case
Authors: Arai Shintaro , Shimizu Katsuyoshi , Mizutani Tohru
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND

Reports of solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) of the central nervous system (CNS) originating from cranial nerves are extremely rare. The origins of these neurogenic SFTs of the CNS have been determined only by intraoperative findings, and there is no pathological evidence of whether they really originated from cranial nerves.

OBSERVATIONS

A 54-year-old female with hearing loss and facial paralysis presented with a giant right cerebellopontine angle tumor. She was diagnosed with a petrous meningioma based on preoperative imaging, and the tumor was removed via the retrosigmoid approach after embolization of the tumor-feeding vessels. Intraoperatively, the tumor was not attached to the dura mater but extended from the internal auditory canal to the cisternal portion. The acoustic nerve was not identified, but it was possible to separate the tumor from the facial nerve. The tumor was removed as an acoustic schwannoma intraoperatively. Postoperative pathological examination revealed an SFT. Immunostaining revealed peripheral nerve bundles entrapped within the tumor tissue. The patient was diagnosed with an SFT of the CNS originating from the acoustic nerve.

LESSONS

A neurogenic SFT of the CNS was diagnosed based on both intraoperative and pathological findings.
Connectomics as a prognostic tool of functional outcome in glioma surgery of the supplementary motor area: illustrative case
Authors: Suero Molina Eric , Tait Matthew J. , Di Ieva Antonio
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND

The supplementary motor area (SMA) is essential in facilitating the commencement and coordination of complex self-initiated movements. Its complex functional connectivity poses a great risk for postoperative neurological deterioration. SMA syndrome can occur after tumor resection and comprises hemiakinesia and akinetic mutism (often, but unpredictably temporary). Although awake surgery is preferred for mapping and monitoring eloquent areas, connectomics is emerging as a novel technique to tailor neurosurgical approaches and predict functional prognosis, as illustrated in this case.

OBSERVATIONS

The authors report on a patient presenting with recurrent oligodendroglioma after subtotal resection 7 years earlier. After extensive neuropsychological and neuroradiological assessment (including connectomics), awake surgery was indicated. No intraoperative deficits were recorded; however, the patient presented with postoperative right-sided akinesia and mutism. Postoperative neuroimaging demonstrated the connectome overlapping the preoperative one, and indeed, neurological symptoms resolved after 3 days.

LESSONS

Comparison of the pre- and postoperative connectome can be used to objectively evaluate surgical outcomes and assess patient prognosis. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case demonstrating the feasibility of quantitative functional connectivity analysis as a prognostic tool for neurological improvement after surgery. A better understanding of brain networks is instrumental for improving diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of neuro-oncological patients.
Spontaneous middle meningeal arteriovenous fistula without cortical venous reflux presenting with acute subdural hematoma: illustrative case
Authors: Yabuki Masahiro , Akamatsu Yosuke , Kashimura Hiroshi , Kubo Yoshitaka , Ogasawara Kuniaki
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND

Dural arteriovenous fistula (AVF) without cortical venous reflux (CVR) has a relatively benign course. Here, the authors describe a patient presenting with subdural hematoma due to a middle meningeal AVF without CVR.

OBSERVATIONS

A 17-year-old male was admitted to the emergency department with acute headache without an episode of head trauma. Computed tomography demonstrated a left acute subdural hematoma (SDH). Because the nontraumatic SDH raised the suspicion of vascular pathology, emergent angiography was performed, which demonstrated an AVF fed by the middle meningeal artery and draining to the diploic vein via the serpentine meningeal vein without CVR. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed no signs of venous congestion. Given the proximity of the AVF to the SDH and the MRI findings, we suspected that the serpentine meningeal vein was responsible for the SDH. The patient was successfully treated with transarterial Onyx embolization. During the injection, Onyx migrated to the extravascular space following its penetration into the serpentine meningeal vein, suggesting the meningeal vein was a bleeding source of the subdural hematoma.

LESSONS

Despite the absence of cortical venous reflux, serpentine meningeal venous drainage of middle meningeal AVF can be a source of subdural hemorrhage.
La encrucijada democrática. Cuadernos sobre Centroamérica y República Dominicana
Authors: Zovatto Daniel
Published: August 2023

Centroamérica está sumida en su peor crisis en las últimas cuatro décadas. A pesar de que han transcurrido casi 40 años desde los acuerdos de paz de Esquipulas I y II —1986 y 1987, respectivamente—, las aspiraciones de consolidar la democracia, mejorar el bienestar socioeconómico de la población, construer ciudadanía efectiva, garantizar elecciones libres y justas y crear estados de derecho robustos se han visto truncadas o incluso revertidas en muchos casos. Especialmente preocupante es la situación en los países del norte de Centroamérica y Nicaragua, donde la gobernanza democrática ha sufrido retrocesos significativos en los últimos años. Estamos presenciando una situación alarmante que demanda nuestra atención y acción. Ante este complejo y desafiante escenario, IDEA Internacional busca, a través de este informe y de su iniciativa para los países de la región CARD (Centroamérica y República Dominicana), dos objetivos principales: 1) ayudar a afinar el diagnóstico para contribuir a una mejor comprensión de los principals desafíos de la democracia y la gobernabilidad, y 2) proponer líneas de acción —identificadas por actors políticos, académicos, sociedad civil, organismos públicos, prensa y cooperación internacional que participaron en nuestras reuniones— con el fin de fortalecer la resiliencia y recuperar, mejorados, los espacios democráticos perdidos en los últimos años.
The Relationship Between Learning Motivation And Student Readiness To Take Exams
Authors: Rostiana
Published: August 2023

The level of student learning outcomes is influenced by the readiness of students to take the exam. This study aims to examine the relationship between learning motivation and students' readiness to take exams. This research uses descriptive correlational method, data collection uses a questionnaire and is analyzed using the percentage formula and correlation test using SPSS 20.00. the sample is 72 with the sampling method using simple random sampling technique. The results of the study (1) the results of research findings on students' learning motivation are classified as moderate. (2)      The research findings regarding students' readiness to take exams are classified as moderate , (3) there is a significant relationship between students' learning motivation and students' readiness to take exams. The implication of this research is that counselors provide guidance and counseling services that can minimize students who lack motivation to learn, so that students can develop their potential. The services that can be provided are information services, group counseling services, individual counseling services and other Counseling Guidance services. Then the school principal is to provide a minimum of 2 (two) hours per week for each class used by the counseling teacher to carry out the above activities.
СУЧАСНА СТРАТЕГІЯ УПРАВЛІННЯ ПЕРСОНАЛОМ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ
Authors: ДВОРНИК Ірина , ДВОРНИК Олексій , ГАРАФОНОВА Ольга
Published: August 2023

В статті було розглянуто шляхи підвищення ефективності управління персоналом підприємства готельної галузі. Після проведення розрахунків стало відомо, що в цілому готель має стабільне місце на ринку послуг, але розвивається дуже по малу, що можна побачити з динаміки обсягу наданих послуг, отриманого прибутку та витрат. Після проведення SWOT-аналізу Підприємства стало відомо, що найсильнішими сторонами готелю є високий рівень кваліфікації персоналу, високий рівень обслуговування та ефективна організаційна структура підприємства, а до слабких сторін підприємства можна віднести застарілі технології, низький рівень іміджу підприємства та неефективну систему збуту. Після визначення основних аспектів стратегії управління персоналом на Підприємстві та визначивши базові цілі підприємства можна зробити висновок, що стратегія управління персоналом підприємства відповідає загальній місії та цілям організації.  Встановлено, система найму та підбору персоналу готелю є критичним етапом процесу управління персоналом. До неї входять наступні етапи: аналіз потреб, створення вакансій, просіювання резюме, співбесіди, оцінка компетенцій, перевірка посвідчень та референцій, орієнтація та навчання.В післявоєнний період ефективне управління персоналом стає особливо важливим для успішного відновлення та розвитку підприємств. Було визначено основні заходи для сприяння підвищення персоналом підприємства у повоєнний період є оцінка потреб у персоналі, планування заміщення втрат персоналу, професійний розвиток персоналу, залучення ветеранів, комунікація та взаємодія з персоналом, мотивація та винагорода персоналу, турбота про добробут персоналу, а також моніторинг та оцінка.
La réserve héréditaire français et ses implications pour la réforme du droit civil coréen
Authors:   The Korean Society Of Family Law, KIM Hyunjin
Published: August 2023

Le système de la réserve héréditaire du droit civil coréen a joué un rôle très important en conciliant les intérêts des héritiers avec la liberté de volonté du testateur, mais comme il ne comporte que sept articles, les relations juridiques entourant le droit de réduction ont été largement tributaires de l'interprétation. En conséquence, la Cour suprême a récemment été saisie de diverses microquestions concernant le calcul de l'héritage, et la constitutionnalité de l'héritage a été contestée devant la Cour constitutionnelle. Cependant, le système de la réserve héréditaire qui a été introduit dans le Code civil françaisen 1804, est un produit de la Révolution française, et son contenu est stipulé en détail, et le système de la réserve héréditaire coréen est fondamentalement influencé par le droit de la réserve héréditaire français, de sorte que les dispositions du droit français et l'interprétation du droit français peuvent non seulement servir de référence pour l'interprétation du droit coréen, mais aussi de source importante pour la révision du droit civil coréen. S'inspirant du système français, cet article propose les théories législatives suivantes pour le système coréen: l'introduction du principe d'évaluation, l'établissement d'un système de renonciation préalable, l'ajustement de l'héritage spécifique en considération des bénéfices extraordinaires dans le partage de l'héritage, la limitation de la période de temps pour les biens donnés aux cohéritiers en tant que bénéfices extraordinaires, et le calcul de l'évaluation en multipliant la valeur marchande de l'objet de la donation au moment de la cession par le taux de variation de l'inflation. En outre, les relations avec l'assurance-vie et les trusts testamentaires devraient être clarifiées.
Exploring digital literacy in the era of digital civilization: A framework for college students in China
Authors: Wu Danning
Published: August 2023

Cultivating the digital literacy of all citizens, especially for college students, would contribute to the construction of a ‘Learning Society’ where everybody loves learning and would offer a powerful impetus for building a modern country. First, this paper reviews the origins and general definitions of computer literacy, network literacy, media literacy, information literacy and digital literacy. Compared with similar terminologies, digital literacy features the subjective initiatives to actively improve one’s and others’ skills, competence, awareness and thinking mode for adapting to, qualifying for and creating a new digital age and society. Second, the internal logic in the Digital Literacy Framework of College Students (DLFCS) can be summarized as ‘Skills-Competencies-Awareness’ attributing to the evolution progress of ‘digital technologies utilization, actual problems solving, and digital awareness cultivation’. Following this logic, this paper develops the DLFCS through scene-based requirements analysis and professional consultations, including three areas (i.e. operational skills, applied competencies, thinking & awareness), identifying fifteen descriptors and their examples with key performances. Third, it measures the self-perception and actual performance of college students digital literacy by questionnaire, Q&A tests and task evaluation, and validates the completeness and validity of the DLFCS by Pearson correlation analysis of datasets collected in three modes. The results indicate that (a) the fifteen descriptors in DLFCS basically cover the essential areas of digital literacy with extremely weak correlations among them, (b) the relationships of progressive and intertwined ‘Skills-Competencies-Awareness’ demonstrate the validity of the internal logic and DLFCS itself, (c) to be digitally literate requires long-term and gradually-progressed cultivation and improvement, as achieving one descriptor of digital literacy proficiently does not guarantee good performance on the other descriptors.
Sex Differences in the Associations of Obesity with Tau, Amyloid PET, and Cognitive Outcomes in Preclinical Alzheimer’s Disease: Cross-Sectional A4 Study
Authors: Wang Xin ,   on behalf of the A4 Study Team, Sundermann Erin E. , Buckley Rachel F. , Reas Emilie T. , McEvoy Linda K. , Banks Sarah J.
Published: August 2023

Background: The association between obesity and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is complex. Recent studies indicated the relationships between obesity and AD may differ by sex, and women may benefit from being overweight in terms of AD risk. Objective: We investigated whether sex modifies the associations of obesity with tau positron emission tomography (PET), amyloid PET, and cognition in preclinical AD. Methods: We included 387 cognitively-unimpaired amyloid-positive participants (221 women, 166 men, 87.6% non-Hispanic White) with available 18F-flortaucipir PET, 18F-florbetapir PET, and completed the Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite (PACC) tests from the Anti-Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic Alzheimer’s Disease (A4) study. Participants were categorized based on body mass index (BMI: kg/m2): normal-weight (BMI: 18.5-25), overweight (BMI: 25-30), and obese (BMI≥30). Results: Significant sex by BMI category interactions on PACC and its components: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Reminding Test–Free+Total Recall (FCSRT96) revealed that overweight and obese women outperformed normal-weight women on FCSRT96, while obese men showed poorer MMSE performance than normal-weight men. These interactions were independent of APOE4. There were no significant interactions of sex by BMI category on tau and amyloid PET. However, sex-stratified analyses observed obesity was associated with less regional tau and mean cortical amyloid in women, not in men. Conclusion: This study found that in preclinical AD, overweight and obesity were associated with better verbal memory in women, whereas obesity was associated with worse global cognition among men. Future studies focusing on the mechanism for this relationship may inform sex-specific interventions for AD prevention.
An approach for spherical fuzzy relations via relator spaces
Authors: Tekin Özlem
Published: August 2023

Spherical fuzzy sets are an advanced tool of three-dimensional membership functions which consist of membership, non-membership and hesitancy degrees. In this paper, it is introduced a new approach via proximal spaces for spherical fuzzy sets. To do this, the spherical fuzzy proximity axioms are defined on proximal relator spaces. Also, spherical fuzzy spatial Lodato proximity relation is studied. By using spherical fuzzy proximity relation, it is defined that descriptive proximity relation. An example is given how people are proximal(near) to each other via their description features.
An extended MEREC-EDAS approach with linguistic pythagorean fuzzy set for selecting virtual team members
Authors: Fan Jianping , Wang Min , Wu Meiqin
Published: August 2023

Virtual teams (VT) have become increasingly popular due to modern technology. VT allows talented people from different places with different skills to work towards a common goal through network media. In order to form a more versatile VT, selecting VT members becomes a critical step. Based on the linguistic Pythagorean fuzzy sets (LPFS), this paper proposes an integrated approach to select VT members by means of the method based on standard removal effects (MEREC) and the method based on the mean solution distance of direct and indirect uncertainty (DIUEDAS). Firstly, decision information is described by LPFS. Secondly, MEREC is used to determine the criteria weights. Finally, the decision-making and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL), failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA), and EDAS are combined to select the optimal VT members under the premise of evaluating the uncertainty in selecting VT members. In addition, this paper proposes a new method for determining expert weights. At the end of the paper, the model and the expert weight determination method are applied to the case of a port selecting VT members, and the effectiveness of the model proposed is demonstrated by comparative analysis in this paper.
Consistency improvement under incomplete hesitant fuzzy linguistic preference relations in large-scale group decision-making
Authors: Fan Jianping , Yuan Jiu , Wu Meiqin
Published: August 2023

This paper studies a large-scale group decision-making method (LSGMD) based on incomplete hesitant fuzzy linguistic preference relations (IHFLPRs) and proposes an improved model for additive consistency of hesitant fuzzy linguistic preference relations (HFLPRs). Additionally, consistency control and fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering are utilized to enhance efficiency and reliability. Firstly, a model is proposed to address the issues of missing elements in IHFLPRs and insufficient additive consistency in HFLPRs, aiming to more accurately reflect decision makers’ preference relationships towards candidate alternatives. Subsequently, the FCM method is employed to cluster decision experts’ preference information and obtain the overall preference information. Finally, the rationality and accuracy of our proposed method are demonstrated through a case study and comparative analysis.
Artificial Intelligence based real-time automatic detection and classification of skin lesion in dermoscopic samples using DenseNet-169 architecture
Authors: Ashwini A. , Purushothaman K.E. , Rosi A. , Vaishnavi T.
Published: August 2023

The most common challenge faced by dermoscopy images is the automatic detection of lesion features. All the existing solutions focus on complex algorithms to provide accurate detections. In this research work, proposed Online Tigerclaw Fuzzy Region Segmentation with Deep Learning Classification model, an intellectual model is proposed that provides discrimination of features with classification even in fine-grained samples. This model works on four different stages, which include the Boosted Anisotropic Diffusion filter with Recursive Pixel Histogram Equalization (BADF-RPHE) in the preprocessing stage. The next step is the proposed Online Tigerclaw Fuzzy Region Segmentation (OTFRS) algorithm for lesion area segmentation of dermoscopic images, which can achieve 98.9% and 97.4% accuracy for benign and malignant lesions, respectively. In the proposed OTFRS, an accuracy improvement of 1.4% is achieved when compared with previous methods. Finally, the increased robustness of lesion classification is achieved using Deep Learning Classification –DenseNet 169 with 500 images. The proposed approach was evaluated with accuracy classifications of 100% and 98.86% for benign and malignant lesions, respectively, and a processing time of less than 18 sec. In the proposed DensetNet-169 classification technique, an accuracy improvement of 3% is achieved when compared with other state-of-art methods. A higher range of true positive values is obtained for the Region of Convergence (ROC) curve, which indicates that the proposed work ensures better performance in clinical diagnosis for accurate feature visualization analysis. The methodology has been validated to prove its effectiveness and throw light on the lives of affected patients so they can resume normalcy and live long. The research work was tested in real-time clinical samples, which delivered promising and encouraging results in skin cell detection procedures.
Financial Inclusion in the Industrial Cluster
Authors:   Joint Director (Engineering)/General Manager, DIC Department of Industries and Commerce, Government of Tamil Nadu, Guindy, Tamil Nadu, India., BHASKARAN E.
Published: August 2023

The Government of India and the concerned state governments are implementing plenty of programmes and schemes for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) on entrepreneurship. Out of the 17 SDGs, goal 8 relates to Decent Work and Economic Growth including Financial Inclusion and goal 9 relates to Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure. The objective of this paper is to study the business analytics of financial inclusion in industrial clusters in Tamil Nadu and their relevance to sustainable development goals. Several analyses such as diagnostic analysis, descriptive analysis, inferential analysis, predictive analysis, prescriptive analysis, and decision analytics were performed. The methodology adopted by the researcher is to develop a model by collecting primary data, such as, input variables like grants from the Government of India, grants from the state government of Tamil Nadu, special purpose vehicle (SPV) / entrepreneur contribution, and bank loans and output variables like project cost, from various departments and corporations of the Government of Tamil Nadu and secondary data from other government websites. The data was analyzed through percentage analysis, descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis, and structural equation modelling. Financial inclusion in industrial clusters is the need of the hour, which is already underway, in the form of grants from the Government of India and Tamil Nadu, Cluster Development Programmes, SPV contribution and bank loans to improve productivity and reduce costs, and common facility centres in clusters.
Demand for Financial Services and its Determinants: Micro Empirical Evidences from West Bengal, India
Authors:   Assistant Professor of Commerce, Kabi Jagadram Roy Government General Degree College, Mejia, Bankura, West Bengal, India., SEN AVISEK
Published: August 2023

The strength of the economy of a country is closely connected to the soundness and effectiveness of its financial system, in general, and the banking system, in particular. In the Indian scenario, the banking sector plays a great role in the inclusion of groups of people in the formal banking system. Financial inclusion is focused on providing financial services to all sections of the society at a reasonable cost. The traditional measures of financial inclusion are focused on the supply dimension of financial services, but not the demand perspective. After the implementation of financial inclusion drives like the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY), the demand side of financial inclusion gains new importance. This article attempts to recognize some of the demand-based parameters of the financial services after implementation of the PMJDY. The study is based on a primary survey conducted in some selected villages from the Bankura district of West Bengal, where the banking network is not adequate. Besides, the study also evaluates the effects of some socioeconomic factors of the demand of financial services. The empirical evidences show that the asset composition of the household and the income level of the family are effective in determining the demand for financial services.
Online Learning: Measuring the Satisfaction Level of Management Students in Andhra Pradesh
Authors:   Asst. Professor, Dept. of Management Studies, TJPS College, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India., KIRANMAYI CH. , SREENIVAS T. , SHAIK MABUNNI ,   Associate Professor, Department of Management Sciences, RVR & JC College of Engineering, Chowdavaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Published: August 2023

The purpose of the study is to assess the level of student satisfaction with the online mode of teaching/learning, with respect to the independent variables e-learning, course structure, interaction between students and with the faculty, and motivation for attending online classes. A questionnaire was developed along these five dimensions using a 5-point Likert rating scale and distributed to 234 management students. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), reliability testing, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), validity checks and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to analyse the data collected. The results reveal that there is a significant impact of the aforementioned independent variables on student satisfaction, out of which, interaction between students and with the faculty has a high impact on student satisfaction.
Cavafy’s Places – Mapping of Literary Routes
Authors: Manola Maria
Published: August 2023

This study deals with the places, where Constantine Cavafy lived and created. Its purpose is to promote his work, through the creation of mapped cultural literary paths, in the footsteps of the Alexandrian poet and writer. Cavafy’s poetry has withstood the test of time, as it is always relevant, because it can always be read, in such a way, as to force the reader to reflect on the problems of his time. His work attempts to capture, but mainly to interpret, historically, this key time, in order to make everybody understand the endurance of Cavafy’s poetry over time. This article, recognizing the author as a timeless tourist product, attempts to promote the cultural heritage around his name, in order to promote the tourist exploitation of the places that marked his course.