bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Το δικαίωμα στην ανάπτυξη
Authors: Δημοπούλου Ιωάννα
Published: June 2021

Οι επικεφαλής των κρατών και κυβερνήσεων έχουν δεσμευτεί να καταστήσουν το δικαίωμα στην ανάπτυξη μια πραγματικότητα για όλους και να απελευθερώσουν ολόκληρη την ανθρώπινη φυλή από την ανέχεια. Με την παρούσα εργασία αποδεικνύουμε πως η δέσμευση αυτή μπορεί να είναι κάτι περισσότερο από ευσεβής πόθος. Η οικονομική ύφεση ξεκίνησε ως μια τραπεζική και οικονομική κατάρρευση, αλλά γρήγορα εξελίχθηκε σε μια πολύπλευρη απειλή για τη ζωή που επηρέασε ιδιαίτερα τα πιο ευάλωτα στρώματα στα λιγότερο αναπτυγμένα ή / και ευάλωτα κράτη, καθιστώντας την κρίση όχι μόνο μια κρίση ανάπτυξης, αλλά μια κρίση των δικαιωμάτων του ανθρώπου. Ως εκ τούτου, η παρουσίαση της εργασίας αυτής είναι επίκαιρη διότι διατυπώνει τα ζητήματα της ανάπτυξης στην εποχή της οικονομικής αβεβαιότητας και βασίζεται στις προσπάθειες μετακίνησης του δικαιώματος στην ανάπτυξη σε μια εποικοδομητική κατεύθυνση ως μέρος της πολιτικής πραγματικών συνεργασιών ανάπτυξης, δίνοντας δε, πρακτική σημασία στο πλαίσιο των παγκόσμιων αναπτυξιακών προκλήσεων με πρόταση εφαρμογής του δικαιώματος στην ανάπτυξη. Θα έπρεπε να αποτελεί απτή προτεραιότητα του Ύπατου Αρμοστή για τα Δικαιώματα του Ανθρώπου η απόδοση πρακτικής σημασίας, στο πλαίσιο των προκλήσεων παγκόσμιας ανάπτυξης, στnν εφαρμογή του δικαιώματος στην ανάπτυξη. Υποστηρίζουμε αυτόν τον στόχο αναλύοντας σε βάθος την υπόσχεση και τα προβλήματα αποσαφήνισης και υλοποίησης των δικαιωμάτων του ανθρώπου στην ανάπτυξη και του δικαιώματος στην ανάπτυξη , τόσο στις εθνικές όσο και στις διεθνείς τους διαστάσεις. Σε πολυμερές επίπεδο, προσφέρουμε τον δρόμο των συνεργασιών διεθνών οργανισμών και θεσμών στη διασφάλιση ότι το δικαίωμα στην ανάπτυξη ενσωματώνεται στις πολιτικές και στρατηγικές των φορέων της διεθνούς κοινότητας. Ο διεθνής χαρακτήρας της τρέχουσας χρηματοπιστωτικής κρίσης -αναγνωρίζεται ευρέως ότι έχει προκληθεί από τις υπο-ρυθμιζόμενες διεθνείς χρηματοπιστωτικές αγορές και τις στρεβλώσεις στην παγκόσμια οικονομία -προσδιορίζει ότι η ευθύνη για την αντιμετώπιση των αρνητικών επιπτώσεών της στις ζωές των φτωχότερων μελών της κοινωνίας, και την ικανότητά τους να απολαύσουν και να ασκήσουν τα θεμελιώδη δικαιώματα του ανθρώπου, δεν θα πρέπει να περιορίζεται σε αντιδράσεις εθνικού επιπέδου. Παρά τις αποκλίνουσες απόψεις σχετικά με τις αιτίες και τις επιπτώσεις της παγκόσμιας ύφεσης, σχεδόν όλες οι κυβερνήσεις, από κάθε πολιτική πεποίθηση, συμφωνούν ότι η οικονομική ανάπτυξη είναι αναγκαία για να ξεπεραστεί η κρίση: δεν είναι η ανάπτυξη per se , αλλά η ανάπτυξη ως μέσο για να εξασφαλιστεί ότι ο καθένας απολαμβάνει το δικαίωμα σε ένα ικανοποιητικό βιοτικό επίπεδο. Μια προσέγγιση που βασίζεται στα δικαιώματα του ανθρώπου για την οικονομική ανάπτυξη, όπως αντικατοπτρίζεται μέσα από αυτήν τη μελέτη, θα διασφαλίσει ότι οι φτωχότεροι άνθρωποι, αντί να περιθωριοποιούνται, θα έχουν τη δυνατότητα να διαδραματίσουν ενεργό ρόλο σε αυτή τη διαδικασία, η οποία, εν τέλει, ωφελεί την κοινωνία στο σύνολό της.
Αντιστροφή και δυναμική της μαγνήτισης σε υμένια X/Co/Y, (X=Pt,Ru,Y=W,ZnO) με ανισοτροπικές αλληλεπιδράσεις
Authors: Μούρκας Άγγελος
Published: June 2021

Πολυστρωματικά υμένια με διαφορετικό πάχος κοβαλτίου (tCo) και διαφορετικού αριθμού επαναλήψεων (Ν), εναποτέθηκαν επάνω σε υπόστρωμα πυριτίου (Si) και μελετήθηκαν οι μαγνητικές τους ιδιότητες. Για τον προσδιορισμό του πάχους κάθε στρώματος, καθώς και της τραχύτητας τους, χρησιμοποιήθηκε η ανακλαστικότητα ακτινών – Χ (XRR). Η εξάρτηση της μαγνητικής ροπής απο το tCo και το Ν, καταδεικνύει την παρουσία μαγνητικά ανενεργού στρώματος στην διεπιφάνεια μεταξύ Co/W, το οποίο αυξάνεται καθώς μεγαλώνει ο αριθμός των επαναλήψεων και έχει την μέγιστη τιμή του όταν N ≥ 3. Η κάθετη μαγνητική ανισοτροπία (PMA), η μαγνητική ανισοτροπία (MA) και η διεπιφανειακή αλληλεπίδραση DMI (iDMI) σε συνάρτηση με το πάχος του κοβαλτίου και των αριθμών των επαναλήψεων των στρωμάτων των πολυστρωματικών υμενίων, προκύπτουν από τις διεπιφανειακές συνεισφορές και αλλάζουν με τον ίδιο τρόπο με το Ν, επιβεβαιώνοντας ότι τα πρώτα τριστρωματικά υμένια Pt / Co / W είναι χαμηλότερης ποιότητας. Η χειρομορφία μη συμμετρικών μαγνητικών διαμορφώσεων, στα μαγνητικά υλικά με αλληλεπίδραση iDMI, είναι η αιτία εμφάνισης ενός τοπικού μαγνητικού πεδίου που παράγει μια έξτρα συνεισφορά στο φαινόμενο Hall, που ονομάζεται τοπολογικό φαινόμενο Hall. Τα στρώματα που είναι μαγνητικά ανενεργά και βρίσκονται μεταξύ των διεπιφανειών Co/W, υπονοεί πως η ζεύξη μεταξύ των στρωμάτων σε αυτή την σειρά των δειγμάτων, είναι κυρίως μαγνητοστατική. Τα δείγματα που μελετήθηκαν είχαν διαφορετικές τιμές ανισοτροπίας. Αυτά με θετική και σχεδόν μηδενική ανισοτροπία, παρουσίαζουν τα ίδια χαρακτηριστικά και επαληθεύτηκαν από μικρομαγνητικές προσομοιώσεις. Το δείγμα με αρνητική ανισοτροπία, παρουσιάζει διαφορετική συμπεριφορά, και οφείλεται στην δραστικά διαφορετική δομή των περιοχών.
Αναιρώντας τη Μαθητική Διαρροή: Μία εμπειρική συγκριτική ανάλυση του πληθυσμού των ενήλικων εκπαιδευόμενων στους νομούς της Περιφέρειας Κρήτης
Authors: Μπιτσάκος Νικόλαος
Published: June 2021

Σκοπός της παρούσας εργασίας είναι η συγκριτική ανάλυση του φαινομένου της Μαθητικής Διαρροής μεταξύ των Νομών της Περιφέρειας Κρήτης. Αποτελεί μία εμπειρική συγκριτική ανάλυση ανάμεσα σε ενήλικους εκπαιδευόμενους, οι οποίοι ως ανήλικοι είχαν εγκαταλείψει πρόωρα την εκπαίδευση και πλέον φοιτούν σε Σχολεία Δεύτερης Ευκαιρίας (ΣΔΕ). Συγκεκριμένα εξετάζονται τα αίτια της Μαθητικής Διαρροής κατά τη διάρκεια της υποχρεωτικής εκπαίδευσης, καθώς και συγκρίνονται οι πληθυσμοί των εκπαιδευόμενων στις δομές εκπαίδευσης ενηλίκων των Νομών της περιφέρειας. Το μοντέλο της έρευνας επιβεβαιώθηκε κατά την Επιβεβαιωτική Παραγοντική Ανάλυση με την προτεινόμενη κατηγοριοποίηση των αιτιών της Μαθητικής Διαρροής σε οικονομικούς, κοινωνικούς, ατομικούς και εκπαιδευτικούς παράγοντες. Τα αποτελέσματα της έρευνας έδειξαν ότι όσον αφορά τα αίτια της πρόωρης εγκατάλειψης του σχολείου παρουσιάζονται διαφοροποιήσεις ανάμεσα στους Νομούς της ίδιας Περιφέρειας. Επιπλέον, όσον αφορά τη σύγκριση των πληθυσμών των εκπαιδευόμενων των δομών εκπαίδευσης δεύτερης ευκαιρίας των Νομών η μελέτη καταλήγει ότι ο πληθυσμός των ενήλικων εκπαιδευόμενων που επιστρέφουν στην εκπαίδευση αποτελούν μία ετερογενή πληθυσμιακή ομάδα, καθώς εμφανίζονται στατιστικά σημαντικές διαφορές κυρίως όσον αφορά το φύλο, τη χώρα προέλευσης και την εργασιακή κατάσταση μετά την εγκατάλειψη του σχολείου.
Clinical and bacteriological outcomes in patients with urinary tract infections presenting to primary care in Harare, Zimbabwe: a cohort study
Authors: Olaru Ioana D. , Chisenga Mutsawashe , Yeung Shunmay , Chonzi Prosper , Masunda Kudzai P.E. , Ferrand Rashida A. , Kranzer Katharina
Published: June 2021

Background: Treatment for urinary tract infections (UTIs) is usually empiric and is based on local antimicrobial resistance data. These data, however, are scarce in low-resource settings. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of antibiotic treatment on clinical and bacteriological outcomes in patients presenting with UTI symptoms to primary care in Harare.

Methods: This cohort study enrolled participants presenting with UTI symptoms to 10 primary healthcare clinics in Harare between July 2019 and July 2020. A questionnaire was administered and a urine sample was collected for culture. If the urine culture showed growth of ≥105 colony forming units/mL of a uropathogen, a follow up visit at 7-21 days was conducted.

Results: The analysis included 168 participants with a median age of 33.6 years (IQR 25.1-51.4) and of whom 131/168 (78.0%) were female. Effective treatment was taken by 54/168 (32.1%) participants. The urine culture was negative at follow up in 41/54 (75.9%) of participants who took appropriate treatment and in 33/114 (28.9%, p<0.001) of those who did not. Symptoms had improved or resolved in 52/54 (96.3%) of those on appropriate treatment and in 71/114 (62.3%, p<0.001) of those without.

Conclusion: The findings of this study show that effective treatment leads to symptom resolution and bacterial clearance in people presenting with UTIs to primary care. Although UTIs are not life-threatening and can resolve without treatment, they do impact on quality of life, highlighting the need for optimised treatment recommendations.
La función del dialecto de Walter Morel en "Sons and Lovers" y claves de su traducción al español
Authors: Conejero Magro Luis Javier
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this essay is to examine and identify the functions of the East Midlands dialect in 5011s and Lovers in order to explore the possibilities of its translation into Spanish. The fact that this regional variety of English also expresses a deep conflict of the working and the u pper classes in this novel, makes it possible for the linguistic contrast, if not conflict, between Gertrude and Walter Morel to become patent in the target text, too. lndeed, by replacing the East Midlands dialect with a nonstandard variety of Spanish, not identified with the world of crime and marginalisation, one may find a way to partially translate a local dialect that, per se, is always an untranslatable one.
An Irish Nationalist Perspective on Eastern Europe: William Smith O’Brien’s Travel Journals, 1861-1864
Authors: Healy Róisín
Published: June 2021

An Irish Nationalist Perspective on Eastern Europe: William Smith O’Brien’s Travel Journals, 1861-1864

The travel journals of Irish nationalist politician William Smith O’Brien, challenge the claim by Lar-ry Wolff of a general western European condescension towards eastern Europe from the eighteenth century onwards. Hostility towards British rule in Ireland led Smith O’Brien to celebrate and identify with the Hungarians and Poles in their struggles against their imperial rulers during his travels in the 1860s. He concluded, however, that the Irish suffered more under Britain than these nations under either Austria or Russia.
Ideas sobre la trata de personas. Lecciones para la prevención del delito en Santander
Authors: Aceros Juan C. , Duque Tatiana , Monsalve Yesenia A. , Silva Angie
Published: June 2021

Las campañas informativas y de sensibilización sobre la trata de personas son acciones preventivas que responden a las obligaciones del Estado en su lucha contra el delito. Para su adecuado diseño y evaluación se requiere partir del conocimiento de lo que la ciudadanía sabe sobre ello. A través de una encuesta en línea, se ha realizado un diagnóstico de las ideas que existen sobre la trata de personas en el departamento de Santander, Colombia. Los resultados indican que, en general, las personas tienen un buen nivel de conocimiento sobre la trata de personas, particularmente sobre las finalidades y víctimas más comunes. Persisten, sin embargo, algunos errores habituales, además de una aproximación al delito centrado en su denuncia, así como un desconocimiento sobre las rutas de asistencia a las víctimas. A partir de los principales hallazgos, se proponen recomendaciones para futuras acciones de prevención en el departamento.
Percepciones sobre la participación activa y la convivencia en una comunidad universitaria
Authors: Tobón Marulanda Flor Ángela , López Giraldo Luis Alirio , Nanclares Rubén
Published: June 2021

EL objetivo es hacer una reflexión en torno a un estudio hermenéutico exploratorio sobre la percepción de representantes de organizaciones de una comunidad universitaria sobre la participación real en órganos de decisión política, hacia una orientación de la responsabilidad social universitaria de la formación integral que desarrolla la participación ciudadana. Método: primero, revisión documental al periódico y revista debate universitario entre 2005 a 2016. Dos, grupos focales con los representantes de las organizaciones reconocidas, a quienes se les consultó sobre la percepción de participación y la convivencia. El análisis de la indagación sugiere una formación ciudadana insuficiente y muy poca atención de los responsables directos de la gestión académica-administrativa para promover la participación activa e ilustrar en la episteme de esta, como una política pública que permita que los estudiantes y ciudadanos se apropien de la participación ciudadana en las decisiones de los órganos políticos para procesar conflictos universitarios; conexos a las problemáticas de orden local, nacional y global.
La imparcialidad en la imposición de sanciones a los servidores públicos en Colombia en la ley 734 de 2002
Authors: Carmona Giraldo Natalia
Published: June 2021

El régimen disciplinario como elemento básico de la organización estatal, para cumplir los fines del Estado Social de Derecho, respecto al principio de imparcialidad en los procesos que se adelantan en contra de los servidores públicos, principio que se ve vulnerado, por la misma norma, que otorga amplias facultades a la Procuraduría General de la Nación, en el presente artículo se abordará el origen del problema, se definirá la imparcialidad desde la visión de la Corte Constitucional y la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, y por último se hará un estudio de caso jurisprudencial del principio de imparcialidad; se tratará de explicar el ejercicio del principio de la imparcialidad en la imposición de sanciones a los servidores públicos en Colombia en la Ley 734 de 2002, mediante el análisis de fuentes y revisión de datos,  a través del método descriptivo analítico y bibliográfico o documental,  lo que sin duda dejara al lector un panorama acerca de la importancia sobre el tema.
Connect, share, inspire and grow!
Authors: Stubbins Hannah , Mann Prabjot
Published: June 2021

Hannah Stubbins and Prabjot Mann discuss the work of The Dental Care Network
What makes a good leader?
Authors: Forrester Emilia
Published: June 2021

Emilia Forrester on how to delegate tasks to the rest of the staff without sounding ‘bossy’
Fast verification for the Perron pair of an irreducible nonnegative matrix
Authors: Miyajima Shinya
Published: June 2021

Fast algorithms are proposed for calculating error bounds for a numerically computed Perron root and vector of an irreducible nonnegative matrix. Emphasis is put on the computational efficiency of these algorithms. Error bounds for the root and vector are based on the Collatz--Wielandt theorem, and estimating a solution of a linear system whose coefficient matrix is an $M$-matrix, respectively. We introduce a technique for obtaining better error bounds. Numerical results show properties of the algorithms.
Robotic arm-assisted versus manual total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Ng Nathan , Gaston Paul , Simpson Philip M. , Macpherson Gavin J. , Patton James T. , Clement Nicholas D.
Published: June 2021

Aims

The aims of this systematic review were to assess the learning curve of semi-active robotic arm-assisted total hip arthroplasty (rTHA), and to compare the accuracy, patient-reported functional outcomes, complications, and survivorship between rTHA and manual total hip arthroplasty (mTHA).

Methods

Searches of PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar were performed in April 2020 in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis statement. Search terms included “robotic”, “hip”, and “arthroplasty”. The criteria for inclusion were published clinical research articles reporting the learning curve for rTHA (robotic arm-assisted only) and those comparing the implantation accuracy, functional outcomes, survivorship, or complications with mTHA.

Results

There were 501 articles initially identified from databases and references. Following full text screening, 17 articles that satisfied the inclusion criteria were included. Four studies reported the learning curve of rTHA, 13 studies reported on implant positioning, five on functional outcomes, ten on complications, and four on survivorship. The meta-analysis showed a significantly greater number of cases of acetabular component placement in the safe zone compared with the mTHA group (95% confidence interval (CI) 4.10 to 7.94; p < 0.001) and that rTHA resulted in a significantly better Harris Hip Score compared to mTHA in the short- to mid-term follow-up (95% CI 0.46 to 5.64; p = 0.020). However, there was no difference in infection rates, dislocation rates, overall complication rates, and survival rates at short-term follow-up.

Conclusion

The learning curve of rTHA was between 12 and 35 cases, which was dependent on the assessment goal, such as operating time, accuracy, and team working. Robotic arm-assisted total hip arthroplasty was associated with improved accuracy of component positioning and functional outcome, however no difference in complication rates or survival were observed at short- to mid-term follow-up. Overall, there remains an absence of high-quality level I evidence and cost analysis comparing rTHA and mTHA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(6):1009–1020.
Unexpected low-grade infections in revision hip arthroplasty for aseptic loosening
Authors: Hipfl Christian , Mooij Wiebke , Perka Carsten , Hardt Sebastian , Wassilew Georgi I.
Published: June 2021

Aims

The purpose of this study was to evaluate unexpected positive cultures in total hip arthroplasty (THA) revisions for presumed aseptic loosening, to assess the prevalence of low-grade infection using two definition criteria, and to analyze its impact on implant survival after revision.

Methods

A total of 274 THA revisions performed for presumed aseptic loosening from 2012 to 2016 were reviewed. In addition to obtaining intraoperative tissue cultures from all patients, synovial and sonication fluid samples of the removed implant were obtained in 215 cases (79%) and 101 cases (37%), respectively. Histopathological analysis was performed in 250 cases (91%). Patients were classified as having low-grade infections according to institutional criteria and Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) International Consensus Meeting (ICM) 2013 criteria. Low-grade infections according to institutional criteria were treated with targeted antibiotics for six weeks postoperatively. Implant failure was defined as the need for re-revision resulting from periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) and aseptic reasons. The mean follow-up was 68 months (26 to 95).

Results

Unexpected positive intraoperative samples were found in 77 revisions (28%). Low-grade infection was diagnosed in 36 cases (13%) using institutional criteria and in nine cases (3%) using MSIS ICM 2013 criteria. In all, 41 patients (15%) had single specimen growth of a low-virulent pathogen and were deemed contaminated. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and anaerobes were the most commonly isolated bacteria. Implant failure for PJI was higher in revisions with presumed contaminants (5/41, 12%) compared to those with low-grade infections (2/36, 6%) and those with negative samples (5/197, 3%) (p = 0.021). The rate of all-cause re-revision was similar in patients diagnosed with low-grade infections (5/36, 14%) and those with presumed contaminants (6/41, 15%) and negative samples (21/197, 11%) (p = 0.699).

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that the presumption of culture contamination in aseptic revision hip arthroplasty may increase the detection of PJI. In this cohort, the presence of low-grade infection did not increase the risk of re-revision. Further studies are needed to assess the relevance of single specimen growth and the benefits of specific postoperative antibiotic regimens. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(6):1070–1077.
Early results from a single centre’s experience with the STRYDE nail
Authors: Iliadis Alexios Dimitrios , Wright Jonathan , Stoddart Michael Thomas , Goodier William David , Calder Peter
Published: June 2021

Aims

The STRYDE nail is an evolution of the PRECICE Intramedullary Limb Lengthening System, with unique features regarding its composition. It is designed for load bearing throughout treatment in order to improve patient experience and outcomes and allow for simultaneous bilateral lower limb lengthening. The literature published to date is limited regarding outcomes and potential problems. We report on our early experience and raise awareness for the potential of adverse effects from this device.

Methods

This is a retrospective review of prospective data collected on all patients treated in our institution using this implant. We report the demographics, nail accuracy, reliability, consolidation index, and cases where concerning clinical and radiological findings were encountered. There were 14 STRYDE nails implanted in nine patients (three male and six female) between June 2019 and September 2020. Mean age at surgery was 33 years (14 to 65). Five patients underwent bilateral lengthening (two femoral and three tibial) and four patients unilateral femoral lengthening for multiple aetiologies.

Results

At the time of reporting, eight patients (13 implants) had completed lengthening. Osteolysis and periosteal reaction at the junction of the telescopic nail was evident in nine implants. Five patients experienced localized pain and swelling. Macroscopic appearances following retrieval were consistent with corrosion at the telescopic junction. Tissue histology was consistent with effects of focal metallic wear debris.

Conclusion

From our early experience with this implant we have found the process of lengthening to be accurate and reliable with good regenerate formation and consolidation. Proposed advantages of early load bearing and the ability for bilateral lengthening are promising. We have, however, encountered concerning clinical and radiological findings in several patients. We have elected to discontinue its use to allow further investigation into the retrieved implants and patient outcomes from users internationally. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(6):1168–1172.
Functional dystonia in the foot and ankle
Authors: Gray Julia , Welck Matthew , Cullen Nicholas P. , Singh Dishan
Published: June 2021

Aims

To assess the characteristic clinical features, management, and outcome of patients who present to orthopaedic surgeons with functional dystonia affecting the foot and ankle.

Methods

We carried out a retrospective search of our records from 2000 to 2019 of patients seen in our adult tertiary referral foot and ankle unit with a diagnosis of functional dystonia.

Results

A total of 29 patients were seen. A majority were female (n = 25) and the mean age of onset of symptoms was 35.3 years (13 to 71). The mean delay between onset and diagnosis was 7.1 years (0.5 to 25.0). Onset was acute in 25 patients and insidious in four. Of the 29 patients, 26 had a fixed dystonia and three had a spasmodic dystonia. Pain was a major symptom in all patients, with a coexisting diagnosis of chronic regional pain syndrome (CRPS) made in nine patients. Of 20 patients treated with Botox, only one had a good response. None of the 12 patients who underwent a surgical intervention at our unit or elsewhere reported a subjective overall improvement. After a mean follow-up of 3.2 years (1 to 12), four patients had improved, 17 had remained the same, and eight reported a deterioration in their condition.

Conclusion

Patients with functional dystonia typically presented with a rapid onset of fixed deformity after a minor injury/event and pain out of proportion to the deformity. Referral to a neurologist to rule out neurological pathology is advocated, and further management should be carried out in a movement disorder clinic. Response to treatment (including Botulinum toxin (Botox) injections) is generally poor. Surgery in this group of patients is not recommended and may worsen the condition. The overall prognosis remains poor. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(6):1127–1132.
Successful Salvage of a Mangled Injury of the Ankle in a Young Male
Authors: Vaish Abhishek , Goyal Ashish , Vaishya Raju
Published: June 2021

Introduction: The salvage of a mangled limb is quite challenging, but can be rewarding especially for younger individuals.
Case Report: We present a case of mangled injury of the ankles in a young male, which was salvaged successfully, using Orthopaedic and Plastic Surgery procedures.
Conclusion: The GHSS is helpful for decision-making and to predict the ultimate outcome of the open injuries. Younger patients with intact vascularity of the limb should be considered for limb salvage with a multidisciplinary stepwise approach.
Keywords: Mangled extremtity, Lower limb, Ankle, Plastic Surgery, Arthrodeis, Fractures.
Secondary Erosive Arthritis in a Young Lady – A Rare Manifestation of Primary Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome
Authors: Muthu Sathish , Chellamuthu Girinivasan , Gopalsamy Thiruvenkita Prasad , Kandasamy Velmurugan
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Arthritis in primary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (PAPS) is a rare manifestation that is much more common in secondary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS), particularly those associated with systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE), and has been reported to be non-erosive responding to conservative management. In this background, we describe a case of secondary erosive arthritis of knee (SEAK) in a female patient with PAPS.
Case Report: Thirty-seven-year-old working women presented with chronic right knee pain for the past 2 years which was increasing in severity and interfering with her activities of daily living for the past 3 months. The patient was a known case of PAPS with a history of one early and one late abortion. On radiological examination, Grade IV secondary osteoarthritis knee was made out. The patient underwent total knee replacement. At 2 years follow-up, the patient had a good functional outcome. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of secondary osteoarthritis in PAPS requiring arthroplasty. Perioperative management is crucial in PAPS to prevent thromboembolic complications. Multimodality approach with strict patient compliance is a key to achieve good functional recovery.
Conclusion: SEAK can be a rare presentation of PAPS. Secondary causes like SLE or rheumatoid arthritis must be ruled out before a diagnosis of PAPS is made. Perioperative management in APS is critical and challenging. Multidisciplinary team approach involving internal medicine, anesthesiology, orthopedics, and rehabilitative departments is essential.
Key words: Antiphospholipid syndrome, arthritis, knee replacement arthroplasty.
Augmented reality enabled Galilean sighting system with an adjustable reticle
Authors: Zhang Chao , Sun Jiaping , Hou Qichao , Chen Biran , Yao Hongbing , Zhou Zhiqiang , Cong Jiawei
Published: June 2021

A sighting system based on the Galileo telescope structure generally suffers from the lack of a reticle, which poses great challenges to target aiming. In this work, a hybrid Galilean sighting system integrated with an augmented reality (AR) component is proposed, which produces an image of the reticle to serve as a reticle. The depth of the reticle can be adjusted flexibly to superpose with the image of the observed object. The designed system features a fourfold magnification, a large modulation transfer function

(

M
T
F

)
>
0.3

at 40 lp/mm, and a small distortion less than 0.3% in the full field of view. The superb imaging performance combined with the targeting function of the AR reticle renders the proposed design a powerful tool in the applications of target tracking.
High-resolution light-field microscopy with patterned illumination
Authors: Wang Depeng , Roy Suva , Rudzite Andra M. , Field Greg D. , Gong Yiyang
Published: June 2021

Light-field fluorescence microscopy can record large-scale population activity of neurons expressing genetically-encoded fluorescent indicators within volumes of tissue. Conventional light-field microscopy (LFM) suffers from poor lateral resolution when using wide-field illumination. Here, we demonstrate a structured-illumination light-field microscopy (SI-LFM) modality that enhances spatial resolution over the imaging volume. This modality increases resolution by illuminating sample volume with grating patterns that are invariant over the axial direction. The size of the SI-LFM point-spread-function (PSF) was approximately half the size of the conventional LFM PSF when imaging fluorescent beads. SI-LFM also resolved fine spatial features in lens tissue samples and fixed mouse retina samples. Finally, SI-LFM reported neural activity with approximately three times the signal-to-noise ratio of conventional LFM when imaging live zebrafish expressing a genetically encoded calcium sensor.
Cascaded frequency conversion under nonlinear stimulated Raman adiabatic passage: erratum
Authors: Aashna Pragati , Thyagarajan K.
Published: June 2021

We present an erratum to our Letter [Opt. Lett.
46, 1486 (2021)OPLEDP0146-959210.1364/OL.418085]. This
erratum corrects an inadvertent error in defining the electric field
and a typographical error in Eq. (5). The corrections have no
influence on the results and conclusions of the original Letter.
Nanopatterned silicon exhibiting partial polarization and chirality
Authors: Kesaev Vladimir , Nastulyavichus Alena , Kudryashov Sergey , Kovalev Michael , Stsepuro Nikita , Krasin George
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we report a study on Si nanopatterns, fabricated as a one-dimensional (1D) Si nanograting with a sub-wavelength (≈200 nm) period. Unpolarized light normally incident on the nanopatterned Si becomes partially polarized and chiral over the entire visible range of 380–740 nm. The degree and the state of polarization of light were measured using polarimetric and ellipsometric techniques. The analysis showed that the reflected light is partially linearly polarized and at the same time a slight chirality (Ŝ3≠0) is observed. Although the polarization of the reflected light is related to the 1D nanograting anisotropy, the chiral transformation of the light could be related to a micrometer-scale chiral substructure on the Si nanopatterned surface. This structure results from the dynamic polarization rotation of the femtosecond laser pulses in their filaments in liquid carbon disulfide near the Si surface during the interferential plasmonic self-organization of the surface nanorelief. These results could underline a key enabling process for the fabrication of polarization-sensitive metasurface-based sensors or devices within the common complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible technology.
Three-dimensional printing of glass micro-optics
Authors: Hong Zhihan , Ye Piaoran , Loy Douglas A. , Liang Rongguang
Published: June 2021

To meet the increasing needs of high-precision glass micro-optics and address the major limitations of current three-dimensional (3D) printing optics, we have developed a liquid, solvent-free, silica precursor and two-photon 3D printing process. The printed optical elements can be fully converted to transparent inorganic glass at temperatures as low as 600 C with a shrinkage rate of 17%. We have demonstrated the whole process, from material development, printing, and performance evaluation of the printed glass micro-optics. 3D printing of glass micro-optics with isotropic shrinkage, micrometer resolution, low peak-to-valley deviation (

<

100

n
m

), and low surface roughness (

<

6

n
m

) has been achieved. The reported technique will enable the rapid prototyping of complex glass micro-optics previously impossible using conventional glass optics fabrication processes.
Tunable unidirectional surface plasmon polaritons at the interface between gyrotropic and isotropic conductors
Authors: Liang Yi , Pakniyat Samaneh , Xiang Yinxiao , Chen Jun , Shi Fan , Hanson George W. , Cen Cheng
Published: June 2021

Unidirectionally propagated electromagnetic waves are rare in nature but heavily sought after due to their potential applications in backscatter-free optical information processing setups. It was theoretically shown that the distinct bulk optical band topologies of a gyrotropic metal and an isotropic metal can enable topologically protected unidirectional surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) at their interface. Here, we experimentally identify such interfacial modes at terahertz frequencies. Launching the interfacial SPPs via a tailored grating coupler, the far-field spectroscopy data obtained reveals strongly nonreciprocal SPP dispersions that are highly consistent with the theoretical predictions. The directionality of the interfacial SPPs studied here is flexibly tunable by either varying the external field or adjusting the metallic characteristics of the bulk materials. The experimental realization of actively tunable unidirectional SPPs sets the foundation for developing nanophotonic information processing devices based on topologically protected interfacial waves.
Reduced coupling between cerebrospinal fluid flow and global brain activity is linked to Alzheimer disease–related pathology
Authors: Han Feng , Chen Jing , Belkin-Rosen Aaron , Gu Yameng , Luo Liying , Buxton Orfeu M. , Liu Xiao ,   the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: June 2021

The glymphatic system plays an important role in clearing the amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau proteins that are closely linked to Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology. Glymphatic clearance, as well as Aβ accumulation, is highly dependent on sleep, but the sleep-dependent driving forces behind cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) movements essential to the glymphatic flux remain largely unclear. Recent studies have reported that widespread, high-amplitude spontaneous brain activations in the drowsy state and during sleep, which are shown as large global signal peaks in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI), are coupled with CSF movements, suggesting their potential link to glymphatic flux and metabolite clearance. By analyzing multimodal data from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) project, here we showed that the coupling between the global fMRI signal and CSF influx is correlated with AD-related pathology, including various risk factors for AD, the severity of AD-related diseases, the cortical Aβ level, and cognitive decline over a 2-year follow-up. These results provide critical initial evidence for involvement of sleep-dependent global brain activity, as well as the associated physiological modulations, in the clearance of AD-related brain waste.
Growth rules for the repair of Asynchronous Irregular neuronal networks after peripheral lesions
Authors: Sinha Ankur , Metzner Christoph , Davey Neil , Adams Roderick , Schmuker Michael , Steuber Volker
Published: June 2021

Several homeostatic mechanisms enable the brain to maintain desired levels of neuronal activity. One of these, homeostatic structural plasticity, has been reported to restore activity in networks disrupted by peripheral lesions by altering their neuronal connectivity. While multiple lesion experiments have studied the changes in neurite morphology that underlie modifications of synapses in these networks, the underlying mechanisms that drive these changes are yet to be explained. Evidence suggests that neuronal activity modulates neurite morphology and may stimulate neurites to selective sprout or retract to restore network activity levels. We developed a new spiking network model of peripheral lesioning and accurately reproduced the characteristics of network repair after deafferentation that are reported in experiments to study the activity dependent growth regimes of neurites. To ensure that our simulations closely resemble the behaviour of networks in the brain, we model deafferentation in a biologically realistic balanced network model that exhibits low frequency Asynchronous Irregular (AI) activity as observed in cerebral cortex. Our simulation results indicate that the re-establishment of activity in neurons both within and outside the deprived region, the Lesion Projection Zone (LPZ), requires opposite activity dependent growth rules for excitatory and inhibitory post-synaptic elements. Analysis of these growth regimes indicates that they also contribute to the maintenance of activity levels in individual neurons. Furthermore, in our model, the directional formation of synapses that is observed in experiments requires that pre-synaptic excitatory and inhibitory elements also follow opposite growth rules. Lastly, we observe that our proposed structural plasticity growth rules and the inhibitory synaptic plasticity mechanism that also balances our AI network both contribute to the restoration of the network to pre-deafferentation stable activity levels.
Immune exhaustion in chronic Chagas disease: Pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory action of IL-27 in vitro
Authors: Natale María Ailén , Minning Todd , Albareda María Cecilia , Castro Eiro Melisa Daiana , Álvarez María Gabriela , Lococo Bruno , Cesar Gonzalo , Bertocchi Graciela , Elias María Josefina , Caputo María Belén , Tarleton Rick Lee , Laucella Susana Adriana
Published: June 2021

In chronic Chagas disease, Trypanosoma cruzi-specific T-cell function decreases over time, and alterations in the homeostatic IL-7/IL-7R axis are evident, consistent with a process of immune exhaustion. IL-27 is an important immunoregulatory cytokine that shares T-cell signaling with IL-7 and other cytokines of the IL-12 family and might be involved in the transcriptional regulation of T-cell function. Here, we evaluated the expression and function of IL-27R in antigen-experienced T cells from subjects with chronic Chagas disease and assessed whether in vitro treatment with IL-27 and IL-7 might improve T. cruzi-specific polyfunctional T-cell responses. In vitro exposure of PBMCs to T. cruzi induced a downregulation of IL-27R in CD4+ T cells and an upregulation in CD8+ T cells in subjects without heart disease, while IL-27R expression remained unaltered in subjects with more severe clinical stages. The modulation of IL-27R was associated with functional signaling through STAT3 and STAT5 and induction of the downstream genes TBX21, EOMES and CXCL9 in response to IL-27. In vitro treatment of PBMCs with IL-27 and IL-7 improved monofunctional and polyfunctional Th1 responses, accompanied by the induction of IL-10 and Bcl-2 expression in subjects without heart disease but did not improve those in subjects with cardiomyopathy. Our findings support the process of desensitization of the IL-27/IL-27R pathway along with disease severity and that the pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory mechanisms of IL-27 might be interconnected.
The effect of the synchronized multi-dimensional policies on imported COVID-19 curtailment in China
Authors: Chen Zhenhua , Yu Meng , Wang Yuxuan , Zhou Lei
Published: June 2021

As countries are lifting restrictions and resuming international travels, the rising risk of COVID-19 importation remains concerning, given that the SARS-CoV-2 virus could be transmitted unintentionally through the global transportation network. To explore and assess the effective strategies for curtailing the epidemic risk from international importation nationwide, we evaluated “the joint prevention and control” mechanism, which made up of 19 containment policies, on how it impacted the change of medical observation and detection time from border arrival to laboratory confirmation of COVID-19 in its burst in China. Based on 1,314 epidemiological-survey cases from February 29 to May 25, 2020, we found that the synchronized approach of implementing multi-dimensional interventional policies, such as a centralized quarantine and nucleic acid testing (NAT), flight service adjustment and border closure, effectively facilitate early identification of infected case. Specifically, the implementation of the international flight service reduction was found to be associated with a reduction of the mean intervals of diagnosis from arrival to lab-confirmation by 0.44 days maximally, and the border closure was associated with a reduction of the diagnosis interval of imported cases by 0.69 days, from arrival to laboratory confirmation. The study suggests that a timely and synchronized implementation of multi-dimensional policies is compelling in preventing domestic spreading from importation.
Genomic relevance of FGF14 and associated genes on the prognosis of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Raja Aroosha , Malik Muhammad Faraz Arshad , Haq Farhan
Published: June 2021

Background

Fibroblast (FGFs) and insulin (IGF) growth factor pathways are among 10 most recurrently altered genomic pathways in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the prognostic and therapeutic relevance of FGF and IGF pathways in PDAC is largely unknown.

Methods

We investigated the relationship between fibroblast and insulin pathway gene expression and clinicopathological features in three independent transcriptomic cohorts of 532 PDAC patients. Furthermore, we have examined the coexpressed genes specific to the prognostic marker identified from these cohorts. Statistical tests including Fisher-exact\Chi-square, Kaplan–Meier, Pearson Correlation and cox regression analyses were performed. Additionally, pathway analysis of gene-specific co-expressed genes was also performed.

Results

The dysregulation of six genes including FGF9, FGF14, FGFR1, FGFR4, IGF2BP2 and IGF2BP3 were significantly associated with different clinical characteristics (including grade, stage, recurrence and nodes) in PDAC cohorts. 11 genes (including FGF9, FGF13, FGF14, FGF17, FGFR1, FGFRL1, FGFBP3, IGFBP3, IGF2BP2, IGF2BP3 and IGFBPL1) showed association with overall survival in different PDAC cohorts. Interestingly, overexpression of FGF14 was found associated with better overall survival (OS) in all three cohorts. Of note, multivariate analysis also revealed FGF14 as an independent prognostic marker for better OS in all three cohorts. Furthermore, FMN2 and PGR were among the top genes that correlated with FGF14 in all 3 cohorts. Of note, overexpression of FMN2 and PGR was found significantly associated with good overall survival in PDAC patients, suggesting FMN2 and PGR can also act as potential markers for the prediction of prognosis in PDAC patients.

Conclusion

FGF14 may define a distinct subset of PDAC patients with better prognosis. Moreover, FGF14-based sub-classification of PDAC suggests that FMN2 and PGR can be employed as good prognostic markers in PDAC and this classification may lead to new therapeutic approaches.
Topology identification in distribution system via machine learning algorithms
Authors: Razmi Peyman , Ghaemi Asl Mahdi , Canarella Giorgio , Emami Afsaneh Sadat
Published: June 2021

This paper contributes to the literature on topology identification (TI) in distribution networks and, in particular, on change detection in switching devices’ status. The lack of measurements in distribution networks compared to transmission networks is a notable challenge. In this paper, we propose an approach to topology identification (TI) of distribution systems based on supervised machine learning (SML) algorithms. This methodology is capable of analyzing the feeder’s voltage profile without requiring the utilization of sensors or any other extraneous measurement device. We show that machine learning algorithms can track the voltage profile’s behavior in each feeder, detect the status of switching devices, identify the distribution system’s typologies, reveal the kind of loads connected or disconnected in the system, and estimate their values. Results are demonstrated under the implementation of the ANSI case study.
Associations between physical activity types and multi-domain cognitive decline in older adults from the Three-city cohort
Authors: Dupré Caroline , Helmer Catherine , Bongue Bienvenu , Dartigues Jean François , Roche Frédéric , Berr Claudine , Carrière Isabelle
Published: June 2021

Several studies suggest that physical activity improves cognitive functions and reduces cognitive decline, whereas others did not find any evidence of a neuroprotective effect. Furthermore, few cohort studies have analyzed the different physical activity types and particularly household activities. Our objective was to assess the association of two physical activity types with the decline in different cognitive domains in a large prospective cohort of community-dwelling older adults from the Three-city study. Physical activity (domestic/transportation activities and leisure/sport activities) was assessed with the Voorrips questionnaire, specific for older adults. Baseline sociodemographic and health history variables as well as cognitive performance data at baseline and during the 8-year follow-up (Mini-Mental State Examination, Benton Visual Retention Test, Trail Making Tests A and B, Isaac’s Set Test and Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test) were also available. Associations between physical activity scores and cognitive decline in different domains were tested using minimally- and multi-adjusted linear mixed models. The analysis included 1697 participants without dementia at baseline and with at least one follow-up visit. At baseline, participants with higher sub-scores for the two physical activity types had better cognitive performances. Interaction with time showed that decline in some cognitive scores (Trail Making Test B and Isaac’s Set Test) was significantly less pronounced in participants with higher household/transportation activity sub-scores. No significant effect over time was found for leisure/sport activities. This study shows that during an 8-year follow-up, executive functions and verbal fluency were better preserved in older adults who performed household/transportation activities at moderate to high level. Participation in domestic activities and using adapted transport means could allow older adults to maintain specific cognitive abilities.
Factors associated with low back pain among construction workers in Nepal: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Adhikari Bikram , Ghimire Anup , Jha Nilambar , Karkee Rajendra , Shrestha Archana , Dhakal Roshan , Niraula Aarju , Majhi Sangita , Pandit Antesh Kumar , Bhandari Niroj
Published: June 2021

Background

Low back pain (LBP) is the commonest cause of disability throughout the world. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with LBP among the construction workers in Nepal.

Methods

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among the construction workers working in Banepa and Panauti municipalities of Kavre district, from September 2019 to February 2020. Data was collected purposively by face-to-face interview from 402 eligible participants from the both municipalities using semi-structured questionnaire. Mobile-based data collection was done using KoboCollect. Data were exported to and analysed using R-programming software (R-3.6.2). Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed. All tests were two tailed and performed at 95% confidence interval (CI).

Result

One-year prevalence of LBP among construction workers were 52.0% (95%CI: 47.0–57.0). The higher odds of LBP was reported among females [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.42; 95%CI: 1.12–5.23], those living below poverty-line (aOR = 2.35; 95%CI: 1.32–4.19), participants with more than five years of work experience (aOR = 1.66; 95%CI: 1.01–2.73) and those with intermediate sleep quality (aOR = 2.06; CI: 1.03–4.11). About 80.0% of construction workers with LBP never seek healthcare services due to: a) time constraints (90.9%), b) financial constraints (18.1%) and c) fear of losing wages on seeking healthcare services (40.9%). The majority of the participants (94.8% among those without LBP and 72.3% among those with LBP) did nothing to prevent or manage LBP.

Conclusion

The prevalence of LBP in the past one year was high among construction workers where majority of workers never did anything to prevent or manage LBP. Therefore, the public health professionals should set up the health promotion, education, and interventions aimed at increasing awareness on preventive techniques and predisposing factors of LBP.