bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resilience during the lockdown: insignificance of perceived social support
Authors: Wan Sheng Yee , Yeo Cherilyn Nicole Rhui Yen , Foo Shi Qi , Prihadi Kususanto Ditto , Ishak Zahari
Published: October 2022

Pre-pandemic studies had established that human resilience is mainly based on the social feedback that enables the formation of one’s perceived social support (PSS). In the Malaysian context, the enforcement of the movement control order (MCO) amidst the pandemic altered the social interaction pattern. The shift had involved more dependence on online communication (i.e., social media). Therefore, the way PSS plays its role in predicting resilience could have been affected. Due to the reason mentioned above and the reports that Malaysians tend to increase their levels of spirituality during the MCO, we hypothesized that the sense of being empowered fully mediates the contribution of PSS on resilience while moderated by the levels of spirituality. Four hundred and five adults who reside in Malaysia during the MCO 2 were recruited to respond to scales of PSS, spirituality, empowerment, and resilience through the online survey. Our results suggested that the sense of empowerment significantly and fully mediated the relationship between PSS and resilience among individuals with low and moderate levels of spirituality. Scope, limitations, implications, and suggestions were also discussed at the end of this paper.
Menstrual hygiene practices among adolescent schoolgirls in the rural area of Bangladesh
Authors: Rabeya Mst. Rokshana , Islam Md Nazrul , Hafsa Umme , Nisa Nadiatul Ami , Ghosh Gopal Kumar , Yesmin Afsana , Juthi Khairun Nahar , Rahman Tamima
Published: October 2022

Adolescence is a time of tremendous opportunity. However, inadequate menstrual hygiene habits are related to lower academic achievement and enrollment at school, with possible effects on longer-term socio-economic status and impaired overall quality of life. Therefore, this cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 adolescent schoolgirls in Bangladesh between July 2019 and February 2020 with the aim of examining menstrual hygiene practices. Data indicated that the mean age of menarche in 422 adolescents was 12.71±0.97. According to the data, 47% had well and 53% had poor hygiene practices. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, the educational status of respondents’ mothers at the secondary level [AOR=2.023, 95% CI: 1.159-3.532], fathers at the graduate and above level [AOR=3.150, 95% CI: 0.883-11.238], high level of household income [AOR=2.580, 95% CI: 1.480-4.495], and knowledge about the complication of poor hygiene practice among girls [AOR=2.286, 95% CI: 1.160-4.504] were significantly associated with the level of hygiene practices. Poor menstrual hygiene practice was found among more than half of girls. Attitude toward safe menstrual materials should initiate to improve good hygiene practices. Awareness campaigns for parents and teachers to assist their children would be a vital strategy to ensure good hygiene practices
Comparison of Three Scores of Collateral Status for Their Association With Clinical Outcome: The HERMES Collaboration
Authors: Gensicke Henrik , Al-Ajlan Fahad , Fladt Joachim , Campbell Bruce C.V. , Majoie Charles B.L.M. , Bracard Serge , Hill Michael D. , Muir Keith W. , Demchuk Andrew , San Román Luis , van der Lugt Aad , Liebeskind David S. , Brown Scott , White Philip M. , Guillemin Francis , Dávalos Antoni , Jovin Tudor G. , Saver Jeffrey L. , Dippel Diederik W.J. , Goyal Mayank , Mitchell Peter J. , Menon Bijoy K. ,   for the HERMES Collaborators
Published: October 2022

Background:

Leptomeningeal collateral status on baseline computed tomographic angiography (CTA) is associated with clinical outcome after acute ischemic stroke treatment. However, assessment of collateral status is not uniform. To compare 3 different CTA collateral scores (CS) and imaging techniques about their association with clinical outcome.

Methods:

Pooled analysis of patient-level data from the Highly Effective Reperfusion Using Multiple Endovascular Devices collaboration. Patients with large vessel occlusion from 7 randomized controlled trials that compared endovascular thrombectomy with standard medical care were included. Three different CS (Tan CS, regional CS [rCS], and regional Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score CS) and 2 imaging techniques (single-phase [sCTA] and multiphase/dynamic CTA) were evaluated. Functional independence (modified Rankin Scale score 0–2) at 3 months poststroke was the primary outcome. Furthermore, we assessed the effect of sCTA image acquisition time on collateral status assessment using an adjusted ordinal logistic regression model to obtain predicted values for the trichotomized rCS.

Results:

Among 1147 pooled patients, 948 (82.7%) had sCTA and 199 (17.3%) multiphase/dynamic CTA as baseline angiography. With all 3 collateral scales, better CSs were associated with better 3-month functional outcome. With sCTA images, the rCS (area under the curve [AUC] 0.63) and regional Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score CS (AUC 0.62) better predicted functional outcome than the Tan CS (AUC 0.60, respectively;
P
<0.001 and
P
=0.02). With multiphase/dynamic CTA images, all collateral scales performed similarly in predicting functional outcome (rCS [AUC 0.61]; regional Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score CS [AUC 0.61] versus Tan CS [AUC 0.61], respectively;
P
=0.93 and
P
=0.91). Overall, no endovascular thrombectomy treatment effect modification by collateral status (rCS) was demonstrated (
P
=0.41). sCTA timing independently influenced CS assessment. On earlier timed sCTA, the predicted proportions of scans with poor collaterals was higher and vice versa.

Conclusions:

In this data set of highly selected patients with stroke, using a regional CS on sCTA likely allows for the most accurate prediction of functional outcome while on time-resolved CTA, the type of CS did not matter. Patients across all collateral grades benefit from endovascular thrombectomy. sCTA timing independently influenced CS assessment.
Rissoidae gastropods of the outer continental shelf and slope off Galicia (NW Spain)
Authors: OLIVER JOAN DANIEL , GOFAS SERGE , URGORRI VICTORIANO , DÍAZ-AGRAS GUILLERMO , TEMPLADO JOSÉ
Published: October 2022

More than 5000 shells (more than half of them with soft tissues) belonging to the caenogastropod family Rissoidae have been found in samples from several expeditions carried out in the outer continental shelf and slope off Galicia (Northwest Spain) in the depth range 100–2700 m. They belong to 9 genera and 23 species, two of them described as new for science: Alvania candasae sp. nov. and Alvania xelae sp. nov. The most abundant species in the samples were Obtusella macilenta (Monterosato, 1880) and Alvania testae (Aradas & Maggiore, 1844), followed by Alvania cimicoides (Forbes, 1844), Alvania jeffreysi (Waller, 1864) and Gofasia thalassae (Bouchet & Warén, 1993) comb. nov., which is proposed to be assigned to the genus Gofasia instead of Frigidoalvania. Five of the species are typically from upper shelf of which only few empty shells were found (Alvania cancellata, Crisilla semistriata, Manzonia crassa, Onoba semicostata) and their presence in the samples studied was considered accidental. Taxonomic complexity involving the species Alvania electa (Monterosato, 1874), Pseudosetia amydralox Bouchet & Warén, 1993 and Pusillina inconspicua (Alder, 1844) are highlighted.
The first species of Nemestrinidae (Diptera) endemic to Madagascar: A remarkable new species of Atriadops Wandolleck, 1897
Authors: BARRACLOUGH DAVID A. , COLVILLE JONATHAN F.
Published: October 2022

A new species of Nemestrinidae, Atriadops irwini Barraclough sp. nov., is described and illustrated from Sakaramy in the far north of Madagascar at about the same latitude as the Comoros Islands. The species was collected in lowland tropical forest by Dr Michael Irwin. Atriadops Wandolleck, 1897, is a small genus of Nemestrinidae in the subfamily Trichopisideinae. Six named species are distributed across the Australasian, Oriental, Afrotropical and Neotropical Regions. Atriadops irwini sp. nov. is thus only the seventh species in the genus (the first new species described in almost 70 years) and the second valid species from the Afrotropical Region. This is the first record of Atriadops from Madagascar, where the new species is the only endemic nemestrinid. Nycterimyia capensis Bezzi is the only other nemestrinid recorded from Madagascar, but it also occurs in South Africa (where it was first described) and Kenya. The world fauna of Atriadops is discussed and all known larval host records are listed.
What happened to the predicted COVID-19-induced suicide epidemic, and why?
Authors: Glozier Nick , Morris Richard , Schurer Stefanie
Published: October 2022

Two years ago, in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, there were widespread and grim predictions of an ensuing suicide epidemic. Not only has this not happened but also by the end of 2021 in the majority of countries and regions with available data, the suicide rates had, if anything, declined. We discuss four reasons why the predictions of suicide models were exaggerated: (1) government intervention reduced the economic and mental costs of lockdowns, (2) the pandemic itself and lockdowns had less of an effect on mental health than assumed, (3) the evidence for a link between economic downturns, distress and suicide is weaker and less consistent than the models assumed and (4) predicting suicide is generally hard. Predictive models have an important place, but their strong modelling assumptions need to acknowledge the inherent high degree of uncertainty which has been further augmented by behavioural responses of pandemic management.
The Relationship Between Perception of Good Death With Clinical Competence of End-Of-Life Care in Critical Care Nurses
Authors: Zarei Fatemeh , Dehghan Mahlagha , Mongolian Shahrbabaki Parvin
Published: October 2022

Providing a good death can be one of the most important goals of end-of-life care. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the concept of good death with clinical end-of-life care competence among intensive care nurses. The participants were 279 nurses in southeast Iran. The data were collected using the Nurses' Concept of Good Death Questionnaire and the Clinical Competency of End-of-Life Care Questionnaire. There was a positive, moderate, and significant correlation between nurses' concept of good death and their clinical competence in end-of-life care. Nurses who got higher scores on the concept of good death showed higher levels of clinical competence in end-of-life care. It is possible to take steps to improve nurses' concepts and knowledge through specialized educational interventions.
All we Are Saying: Joseph Agassi’s Application of Critical Rationalism to Political Science
Authors: Yehezkely Chen
Published: October 2022

Agassi’s chief contribution to the application of critical rationalism to political science is his claim that civic nationhood is a minimum requirement of democracy. This usually comes with the qualification that it is so, not as a matter of principle, but as a matter of contingency: it is an operative minimum requirement.
Experimental evaluation of utilizing synthetic continuous fiber reinforcements for thermoplastics as an alternative to steel-based analogs
Authors: Syed Nabeel Ahmed , Utkarsh Utkarsh , Tariq Muhammad , Behravesh Amir H , Guo Qingping , Rizvi Ghaus , Pop-Iliev Remon
Published: October 2022

Despite being inexpensive and robust, steel cord reinforcements are often prone to pose risks to user health and safety in some industrial applications such as escalator handrails and rubber conveyor belts. Steel cords can reduce the overall stability and performance of the application over time due to their inherent creep accompanied by cyclic thermal expansion and contraction. In this context, this research focuses on replacing steel cords in some critical thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composite applications with continuous sustainable alternate synthetic fibers that possess high specific strength (e.g. carbon, glass, and Kevlar fibers). The first part of this research characterizes the effect of epoxy coating on synthetic fibers alone by studying their mechanical properties before and after modification, whereas the second half of the research involves reinforcing a TPU matrix with raw and epoxy-coated synthetic fibers to fabricate fiber-reinforced composites by compression molding. The effect of the curing temperature of epoxy on the end performance of the manufactured specimen was also tested. An in-depth analysis of mechanical and morphological studies showed that, at almost the same volume fraction of fibers, the TPU reinforced composites with modified carbon fibers showed higher load-bearing capacities than steel cord-based analogs. Conversely, a wide variety of other relevant industrial and commercial applications can potentially draw significant benefits by implementing these modified carbon/TPU composites instead of steel cords.
Finite-time H∞ control of discrete-time switched systems based on transferring-dependent Lyapunov function approach
Authors: Wang Ruihua , Li Fupeng , Fei Shumin
Published: October 2022

This paper studies the finite-time issues (finite-time stability, finite-time boundedness, finite-time [Formula: see text] control) of discrete-time switched systems. Different from the existing Lyapunov function (LF) approaches only concerning activated subsystem, a novel approach for constructing LF is first proposed, which not only depends on the subsystem the switching reaches but also is closely related to the freshly inactive subsystem. Based on this, a transferring-dependent convex Lyapunov function (CLF) and a transferring-dependent LF are introduced, under which the improved finite-time stability results are deduced with admissible edge-dependent average dwell time (AED-ADT) technique. In light of the merits of established finite-time stability criteria, two transferring-dependent controllers are devised—that is, transferring-dependent convex controller (TD-CC) and transferring-dependent ordinary controller (TD-OC)—to perform finite-time control synthesis. Then, the finite-time [Formula: see text] control is further investigated based on the obtained control synthesis results. The designed transferring–dependent controllers can guarantee that the underlying system is finite-time bounded (FTB) with a prescribed [Formula: see text] performance under tighter AED-ADT switching signals. Besides, it is the first time to use the multiple convex Lyapunov function (MCLF) to investigate the finite-time issues. Finally, two numerical examples and a practical example are used to verify the effectiveness of the developed results.
Inflammatory Indicators in Peripheral Blood in Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss Patients With Different Audiogram Shapes
Authors: Yao Yuting , Guo Qinghua , Luo Wei , Yang Ming , Liu Jing , Hou Jie , She Wandong
Published: October 2022

Objective: A retrospective study was conducted to explore the immune-inflammatory responses in sudden sensorineural hearing Loss (SSNHL) patients with different audiogram shapes. Methods: One hundred and ten inpatients with SSNHL were assigned to 4 subgroups according to the audiogram shape and treated with systemic methylprednisolone. The numbers of white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, platelets, and monocytes were counted. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and the monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) were calculated and statistically analyzed. Results: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, MLR, and systemic immune index (SII) of SSNHL patients were significantly higher than the control group, while PLR was not statistically significant. There were no statistical differences in NLR, PLR, MLR, and SII among the 4 subgroups. Conclusion: Immune-inflammatory response may be a common pathogenesis in all SSNHL patients with different audiogram shapes. The predictive value of these hematologic markers needs further research in the future.
Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms in Patients with COPD: Modifiable Explanatory Factors
Authors: Bugajski Andrew , Morgan Hailey , Wills Walter , Jacklin Kellcee , Alleyne Shirley , Kolta Bishoy , Lengerich Alexander , Rechenberg Kaitlyn
Published: October 2022

Anxiety and depressive symptoms affect up to 80% of people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To reduce this symptom burden, clinicians should target modifiable explanatory factors while accounting for nonmodifiable explanatory factors of these symptoms. The purpose of this secondary data analysis was to examine which modifiable factors explain anxiety and depressive symptoms in COPD. This secondary data analysis of 1,760 COPD patients used multiple regression to explain anxiety and depressive symptoms from sets of modifiable patient characteristics and demographic controls. Clinically significant symptoms of anxiety or depression presented in 29.6% ( n = 526) of participants, and 20.6% ( n = 363) had both. Significant modifiable explanatory factors of both disorder symptoms were perceived functional status, functional capacity, psychosocial impact, symptom self-management, and significant symptoms for the other. Somatic symptom burden and dyspnea explained anxiety and depressive symptoms, respectively. Addressing these modifiable factors may reduce anxiety and depressive symptoms in patients with COPD.
Integration of Social Critical Consciousness in Missionary Methodology for Social Transformation
Authors: Giudici Stefano , Selvam Sahaya G.
Published: October 2022

Social critical consciousness, understood in terms of one's awareness of his/her social identity and positionality, is a crucial component of social transformative action, particularly in multicultural contexts. While there is a vast literature examining the significance of social critical consciousness among practitioners in social fields, there is not much evidence of such a reflection in Church environments. The present study explored the relationship between social critical consciousness and pastoral action for social transformation in two international missionary religious orders ministering within the Catholic Church in Kenya. The qualitative data was gathered using interviews and focus group discussions involving 34 participants (26 male and 8 female), who were purposefully sampled from the religious orders. A sample of archival documents were also analysed. The findings indicate that generally pastoral practitioners avoid the challenge of owning their social identity and positionality, and rather take refuge in the charismatic identity of their religious orders. They exalt their mission without due focus on their own identities. The outcome of this lack of social critical consciousness is a fragmented pastoral and charity work rather than systematic social transformation. The study proposes a positive engagement with complexity by integrating positionality and allyship in missionary methodology and focusing on building a social critical community prior to any pastoral action for social transformation.
Morphological features of hepatic lipid changes in bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps), and a proposed grading system
Authors: Barboza Trinita , Beaufrère Hugues , Reavill Drury , Susta Leonardo
Published: October 2022

Hepatic lipidosis is commonly diagnosed in pet bearded dragons ( Pogona vitticeps). However, there are no studies detailing the histological features of hepatic lipid changes in this species. This study describes the microscopic features of lipid change and details an associated scoring system. Histologic hepatic sections were retrospectively evaluated from 252 bearded dragons submitted for necropsy. Pathologic assessment was used to develop a grading scheme with 2 qualitative, 1 quantitative, and 6 semi-quantitative microscopic parameters, which were refined based on variability. The final grading system developed for diffuse and panlobular lipid accumulation included 2 semi-quantitative and 1 quantitative categories: percentage of hepatocellular vacuolation, fibrosis, and hepatocellular swelling, respectively. Hepatocellular swelling was indirectly quantified by counting the number of nuclei per unit area. There was a strong positive correlation ( P < .001) between the percentage of hepatocellular vacuolation and lipid content, a strong negative correlation ( P < .001) between nuclear count and lipid content, and a moderate correlation ( P < .001) between fibrosis and lipid content. Each category was given a numerical value ranging from 0 to 4, with the sum of each representing the final grade. Cutoff values stratified microscopic changes into mild (final grade 1–4), moderate (5–7), and severe (≥8). There was strong interrater agreement for assessment of vacuolization, fibrosis, and severity classification and moderate for hepatocellular swelling. This study documents the features of hepatic lipid changes in bearded dragons. Although a cutoff to differentiate pathologic from nonpathologic lipid accumulation could not be estimated, the proposed grading scheme can be used to inform future studies.
Disabled Students’ perception of the sensory aspects of the learning and social environments within one Higher Education Institution
Authors: Nolan Clodagh , Doyle Jessica K , Lewis Kieran , Treanor Declan
Published: October 2022

Introduction:

The environment, both natural and man-made, can influence how we learn and socialise. For some, the environment can be a challenge to overcome. The purpose of this study was to establish a student’s perspective on the sensory aspects of the learning and social environments of a university.

Methods:

A survey design based upon Winnie Dunn’s Adult/Adolescent Sensory Profile was developed specifically for this study; 150 disabled students responded to the survey, which was analysed using descriptive statistics and template analysis.

Results:

The final template analysis identified 3 main themes with 10 sub-themes, with each sub-theme relating to the research question as well as to the level of explanation: (a) Theme one: Barriers in the environment described noise, poor lighting, crowding and lack of visual cues that created difficulties for the respondents to this survey. The sub-themes were obstacles to learning in the library, obstacles to learning in lectures, obstacles to learning in exams and ventilation in learning spaces. (b) Theme two: Reactions to barriers, included how respondents react to sensory overload and uncertainty in the environment. The sub-themes encompassed problems when schedules change regularly, and reactions when overwhelmed in college. (c) Theme three: Improving the environment refers to suggestions that respondents made to improving the environment for all students to enable engagement and participation within college. The sub-themes compromised of developing a safe space for managing sensory needs, seeking natural elements across campus, seeking awareness, as well as adaptions and strategies for transitions.

Conclusion:

Respondents identified how individuals have varied responses to sensory stimuli thereby increasing our understanding. They pointed to a way forward for institutes of higher education to design spaces that are more inclusive by putting forward suggestions for greater use of green space, better furnishings and minimisation of distractions, thereby increasing the health and welfare for all.
Investigation of optimal power flow solution techniques considering stochastic renewable energy sources: Review and analysis
Authors: Maheshwari Ankur , Sood Yog Raj , Jaiswal Supriya
Published: October 2022

Increased penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) in power system networks poses several challenges in system planning and management due to their uncertain and non-dispatchable nature. Consequently, this paper presents a thorough and precise review of recent solution methodologies for solving the optimal power flow (OPF) problems incorporated with stochastic RESs based on multiple peer-reviewed research publications in reputed journals. The Teaching Learning Based Optimization algorithm has been discussed and implemented to solve the OPF problem considering solar photovoltaic, wind turbine, and tidal energy systems. Weibull, Lognormal, and Gumbel probability density functions representing the uncertainty associated with the availability of wind speed, solar irradiance, and tidal energy systems, respectively. The results obtained from the proposed technique validate its novelty regarding OPF problems like minimization of operating cost, power loss in transmission lines, enhancement of voltage profile, and voltage stability. The proposed solution technique for OPF problems is tested on a modified IEEE 30-bus test system. Thus, this study assists in understanding the OPF problem for new researchers concerned with this domain and also gives the idea of implementing nature-inspired optimization algorithms on a defined test system to solve the OPF problem.
Determinants of Cancer-Related Fatigue among Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: DSilva Fatima , Singh Pritanjali , Javeth Athar
Published: October 2022

Objectives: This systematic review aims to assess and explore various determinants of cancer- related fatigue. Methods: A systematic search of various determinants of Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) was performed in different databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct and Clinical Key dating from 1990 to September 2020. Results: A total of 6115 studies were screened and 95 articles related to determinants of fatigue were retained. Various modifiable and non-modifiable determinants including socio-demographic, clinical, treatment related, plasma biomarker related, genetic, behavioural, concurrent symptoms related and psychological determinants were identified. Depression was one of the significant factors reported in 28% of studies, followed by pain, (17%), performance status (16%), chemotherapy and anxiety (15%). Conclusion: It is recommended that nurses and clinicians should anticipate, identify and take appropriate interventions to manage those modifiable factors. Ultimately, managing the modifiable factors helps in the comprehensive care of cancer patients.
The Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Primary Stabbing Headache
Authors: Saygi Semra
Published: October 2022

Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and characteristics of primary stabbing headache in children and adolescents that presented because of headache. Materials and Methods: The medical files of 772 children and adolescents who presented with headache to the Pediatric Neurology Outpatient Clinic at Başkent University between 2012 and 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. In total, 77 patients (9.97%) with primary stabbing headache and those thought to have primary stabbing headache were included in the study. Patient data, including demographic features, headache characteristics, family history of primary headache, electroencephalographic (EEG) findings, and cranial magnetic resonane imaging (MRI) findings, were noted. Results: Age at presentation was <6 years in 16.9% of the patients and onset time of headache was below 3 months in 55.8%. Daily headache attacks occurred in 46.8% of the patients. Headache localization was frontal in 54.5% of patients and bilateral in 68.8%, whereas the quality of headache was undefined in 40.3%. Headache attack duration was seconds long in 37.7% of the patients, attacks occurred at any time of the day in 83.1%, and 80.5% did not have accompanying symptoms. In all, 54.5% of the patients had a negative family history of primary headache. In 95.8% of the patients, EEG findings were normal and cranial MRI findings were normal in 100% of the patients. Conclusion: The prevalence of primary stabbing headache is not rare in children and adolescents. Clinician awareness of the diagnosis and underlying causes of primary stabbing headache should be increased.
Magnetosome yield characteristics modeling of acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans in airlift bioreactor using response surface methodology
Authors: He Shuangjun , Yang Jiani , Fan Xinxin , Lu Dong , Zhang Shuang , Yan Lei
Published: October 2022

Bacterial magnetosomes had been proved to have great application potential in medicine and biotechnology. The objective of the present study was to obtain high yield of magnetosomes from Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ( A. ferrooxidans) BYM in an airlift bioreactor using response surface methodology (RSM). The magnetosomes from A. ferrooxidans BYM were characterized using a transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscopy. The maximum magnetosome yield of 0.4267 mg/L was achieved at ventilation capacity of 3.6 L/min and gluconic acid concentration of 10 mmol/L at 25oC. The correlation coefficient (R2) value of 0.8676 of the obtained model suggested a good correlation between the actual and predicted magnetosome yield. The confirmation experiment confirmed that the actual magnetosome yield of 0.391 mg/L obtained were in agreement with the predicted value of 0.398 mg/L. These results suggested that RSM can be employed to find out the optimum conditions for magnetosome formation in airlift bioreactor.
Current strategies in biomaterial-based periosteum scaffolds to promote bone regeneration: A review
Authors: Wang Jinsong , Chen Guobao , Chen Zhong M , Wang Fu P , Xia Bin
Published: October 2022

The role of periosteum rich in a variety of bone cells and growth factors in the treatment of bone defects has gradually been discovered. However, due to the limited number of healthy transplantable periosteum, there are still major challenges in the clinical treatment of critical-size bone defects. Various techniques for preparing biomimetic periosteal scaffolds that are similar in composition and structure to natural periosteal scaffold have gradually emerged. This article reviews the current preparation methods of biomimetic periosteal scaffolds based on various biomaterials, which are mainly divided into natural periosteal materials and various polymer biomaterials. Several preparation methods of biomimetic periosteal scaffolds with different principles are listed, their strengths and weaknesses are also discussed. It aims to provide a more systematic perspective for the preparation of biomimetic periosteal scaffolds in the future.
Same-gender intimate friends in Chinese girls’ romantic adventures in a boarding school context
Authors: Zhu Yan
Published: October 2022

Friendship and romance are two popular topics amongst children. In children’s romantic adventures, same-gender intimate friends always play a significant role. Since romance in childhood is constructed as an inappropriate topic in the Chinese schooling context, there is a limited number of studies that can offer an in-depth understanding of Chinese children’s experiences of same-gender intimate friendships and romantic adventures at school. This article aims to close this gap by using ethnographic data collected in a rural primary boarding school in China to present how Chinese girls’ same-gender intimate friendships and their romantic adventures interweave together.
Titanium nitride concentration and coordination effect with hexagonal boron nitride enhancing the reciprocating wear behavior of AZ91D alloy-based composites
Authors: Gnanavelbabu A , Gowtham G
Published: October 2022

The influence of TiN hard ceramic concentration and coordination effect of hBN solid lubricant particulates on reciprocating wear and friction behavior of AZ91D alloy-based magnesium matrix composites is investigated in this work. A unique stir-ultrasonication-squeeze casting procedure was employed to fabricate the composites. The fine dispersion of reinforcing particulates in matrix was examined using Optical Microscopy (OM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The X Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the existence of reinforcements in composites and formation of intermetallic phases demonstrating the thermal stability of matrix reinforcement materials. The hardness of fabricated AZ91D/5 wt.% TiN (AT), AZ91D/5 wt.% hBN (AH), AZ91D/5 wt.% TiN/5 wt.% hBN (ATH), and AZ91D/10 wt.% TiN/5 wt.% hBN (ATTH) composites were increased by 18.37%, 8.14%, 11.68%, and 25.2% in comparison with as-cast alloy “A”. The tribo-properties of single and dual ceramic particles reinforced materials were investigated using a linear reciprocating tribometer at an unchanged sliding distance of 200 mm and stroke length of 10 mm under varied loads (7.5, 15, 22.5, and 30 N), reciprocating frequencies (2, 4, 6, and 8 Hz), and temperature conditions (50°C, 100°C, 150°C, and 200°C). Compared to material “A,”“ATTH” composite performs well in terms of wear behavior, with performance increasing by 42.63% and 54.33% respectively, under ambient and enhanced conditions. At low load, increased frequency accelerates material removal from the plate’s surface due to direct abrasion and plowing action caused by rough asperities on the counterface. The increase in applied load under high-frequency settings increases the pin’s contact pressure with the sample surface, which raises the temperature and causes the shallow grooves to severe delamination. At increased temperatures, the wear characteristics of intense oxidation, plastic deformation, and significant delamination were discovered on manufactured materials.
Mechanical design and analysis of a reconfigurable variable stiffness mechanism based on permanent magnetic springs and swing guide mechanism
Authors: Sun Longfei , Zhao Wenbo , Wang Binghao , Huang Shutao , Li Jinquan
Published: October 2022

Stiffness control of an actuator is important to ensure stable contact motion and collision safety for human-robot integration tasks. The variable stiffness mechanism (VSM) is an important part of the variable stiffness actuator. We propose a novel reconfigurable rotational VSM that uses magnet springs and swing guide mechanisms in this paper. Magnet springs are used as elastic elements that are driven by the cable, and the initial stiffness of the mechanism can be regulated by adjusting the air gap distance between the magnets. The mathematical stiffness model of the VSM is developed, and the numerical calculation simulation and experiments are conducted to verify the feasibility of the proposed VSM.
Investigation of the performance characteristics of grinding wheel using low melting vitrified bonds
Authors: Nagaraj Nagaprasad , Jule Leta Tesfaye , Shanmugakani Senthil Kumar , Prakash Chander , Singhal Piyush , Thangarajan Sivasankaran Senthilkumar , Ramaswamy Krishnaraj
Published: October 2022

The performance of a grinding wheel is greatly determined by its structure which in turn is influenced by the characteristics of the bonding material. Vitrified bonds were used in 50% of the wheels, which are mixtures of clay, feldspar and fusible materials. Vitrified wheels were fired at temperatures >1270°C. The main aim of this work is to focus on the feasibility of a low melting bonding material that would render the wheels a better or comparatively closer performance level than that of the conventional wheels, thereby attempting to reduce fuel and time consumption. Suitable low melting bonds were chosen based on the results of fusibility tests and chemical analysis, and their properties such as density, sound index (SI) and Young's modulus (YM) were evaluated. Performance characteristics were investigated through a cylindrical grinding test and compared along with the standard wheel. Attempts have been made to reduce the size of bonds to improve their properties, and the results obtained were promising.
Radial Bias Alters Perceived Object Orientation
Authors: Menceloglu Melisa , Nakayama Ken , Song Joo-Hyun
Published: October 2022

Orientation sensitivity is a fundamental property of the visual system, but not all orientations are created equal. For instance, radially oriented stimuli, aligned with a line intersecting the center of gaze, produce greater activity throughout the visual cortex and are associated with greater perceptual sensitivity compared with other orientations. Here, we discuss a robust visual illusion that is likely related to this preference. Using a continuous response measure, participants ( N = 36 adults) indicated the gap position in a peripheral Landolt C placed in one of eight orientations and eight locations along four meridians (vertical, horizontal, 45°, 135°). The error distributions revealed that the perceived gap was attracted toward the radial axis. For instance, the gap in a regular C would often be wrongly perceived as tilted 45° corresponding to the oblique meridian where it was placed. These findings demonstrate an unsuspected early-vision influence on the perceived orientation of an object.
An Introduction to Ecological Active Learning
Authors: Ruggeri Azzurra
Published: October 2022

This article introduces ecological active learning, a developmental framework that focuses on children’s ability to adapt and tailor their active-learning strategies to the particular structure and characteristics of a learning environment. Results of seminal studies indicate that efficient, adaptive search strategies emerge around 3 years of age, much earlier than previously assumed. This work highlights the importance of developing age-appropriate paradigms that capture children’s early competence to gain a more comprehensive and fair picture of their active-learning abilities. Also, it offers a process-oriented theoretical framework that can accommodate and reconcile a sparse but growing body of work documenting children’s active and adaptive learning. Three of the most promising avenues for future research on children’s ecological active learning are discussed.
From Love to Justice: Families’ Interrogation of Racial State Violence
Authors: El-Enany Nadine
Published: October 2022

This paper explores how love, grief and kinship operate in families’ struggles for truth and justice following a death in custody of a racialised person in England and Wales. Racialised people are disproportionately vulnerable to dying in police custody. Family experiences following a custodial death are characterised by difficulty in obtaining information, delays in processes, a lack of responsiveness from authorities and an absence of resolution. Love, grief and kinship form the initial springboard for families’ legal battles for justice, with women often taking leading roles in demanding state accountability through legal action and community-based campaigns. While kinship ties have traditionally been understood in mainstream scholarship as closing off family units and mitigating against principles of egalitarianism and solidarity, families’ justice campaigns challenge this narrative. Families can become politicised in the course of struggle, forming alliances with groups proclaiming broader antiracist goals. This paper reveals the subversive potential of love, grief and kinship in struggles for justice in racialised death in custody cases.
Emily Blackwell’s Medical School Betrayal: “Duplicity and Double Dealing Somewhere”
Authors: Harris John M.
Published: October 2022

Elizabeth Blackwell's younger sister, Emily (1826–1910), was the third woman to graduate from a regular U.S. medical college in 1854. Unlike the experience of the two women who preceded her, the Chicago medical school that accepted Emily refused to allow her to complete her studies and graduate, forcing her to hastily find an alternative. There was no explanation at the time and the Chicago Tribune, which investigated the incident, could only speculate about the source of such a dishonorable act: “It is very evident there is duplicity and double dealing somewhere. Who is guilty?” Generations of historians have attributed it to Illinois Medical Society pressure against Rush Medical College, but there was no contemporary evidence of such pressure. A closer examination of Blackwell's journal and historical records suggests that Rush founder, president, and professor of surgery, Daniel Brainard engineered her dismissal. One possible motive was a misplaced romantic approach by Brainard. Rush's actions had the paradoxical result of temporarily opening the doors of the Cleveland Medical College (now Case Western Reserve) to four more women medical students.
Alignment prior to total knee arthroplasty in high tibial osteotomy patients has no effect on subsequent functional outcomes
Authors: Song Joshua , Koh Don Thong Siang , Liow Lincoln Ming Hand , Chia Shi-Lu , Lo Ngai Nung , Yeo Seng Jin , Chen Jerry Yongqiang
Published: October 2022

Introduction

The influence of prior high tibial osteotomy (HTO) on total knee arthroplasty (TKA) functional outcomes remains widely debated. Alignment of failed HTO can pose technical challenges with subsequent TKA. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of HTO alignment on the clinical outcomes of subsequent TKA. The secondary aim was to compare the time to TKA for each HTO alignment type.

Methods

Patients who underwent TKA post lateral closing-wedge HTO for symptomatic medial compartment osteoarthritis between 2001 and 2014 were prospectively followed up for 2 years. A total of 159 patients were assigned to three groups based on their pre-TKA femora tibia angles using long lower limb radiographs: varus alignment (VrA) ≤ 3o valgus, neutral alignment (NA) 3-9o valgus alignment, valgus alignment (VlA) ≥ 9o valgus. Functional outcomes were quantified using Knee Society Function Score and Knee Scores (KSFS and KSKS respectively), modified Oxford Knee Score (OKS), Short Form 36 Physical Component Score (SF-36 PCS), and SF-36 Mental Component Score (SF-36 MCS). Pre-operative and post-operative knee range of motion were also measured.

Results

Mean pre-TKA KSKS in VrA patients (35 ± 18) was significantly lower than both NA (51 ± 19) and VlA (40 ± 21) patients ( p < .05). Otherwise, there was no significant difference in functional outcome scores (KSFS, KSKS, OKS, SF-36 PCS and SF-36 MCS) or range of motion at 6 months and 2 years post-TKA. The mean duration from HTO to TKA was 12 ± 7 years with no significant differences between VrA, NA, and VlA HTO to TKA (13 ± 7 years, 13 ± 6 years and12 ± 8 years respectively, p > .05).

Conclusion

HTO alignment did not influence time to subsequent TKA. HTO alignment did not influence early outcomes as well as radiological outcomes of subsequent TKA.

Level of evidence

III
‘Whose life are They Going to Save? It’s Probably Not Going to be Mine!’ Living With a Life-Shortening Condition During the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: A Grounded Theory Study of Embodied Precarity
Authors: Earle Sarah , Blackburn Maddie , Chambers Lizzie , Downing Julia , Flemming Kate , Hale Jamie , Marston Hannah R. , O’Dell Lindsay , Sinason Valerie , Watts Lucy , Whitney Sally
Published: October 2022

This article explores the experiences of young adults with a life-shortening condition in the first wave of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in the UK. It presents the findings from an inclusive qualitative research study using constructivist grounded theory which aimed to examine the unintended consequences of pandemic control measures (lockdown and ‘shielding’) on this population. Purposive and theoretical sampling methods were used to recruit young adults with a life-shortening condition, employing a range of recruitment methods such as social media, advertising in newsletters and snowballing. Twenty-six young adults (aged 22–40 years), with a wide range of life-shortening conditions participated in the study. Seventeen participants were female and nine male. The majority identified as White British/Other and the remainder as Black British (2), Mixed Race (2) or Latin American (1). Data were generated iteratively using in-depth guided interviews and analysed collectively by an inclusive research team using the constant comparative method. The article explores a theory of embodied precariousness of living with a life-shortening condition during the first wave of the Coronavirus pandemic in relation to three categories: the rationing of life-saving treatment, the deterioration of health and retraction of healthcare provision, and the disruption of typical care arrangements. The findings show that the pandemic control measures introduced to keep people safe have intensified the precarity of this group promoting inequalities in healthcare and health outcomes. The article identifies some implications for practice to support the future management of unexpected and unwanted change.
The Pedagogical Potential of Podcasts: Using Digital Audio to Enhance Learning in Marriage and Family Counseling Courses
Authors: Casares Donald Robert
Published: October 2022

Podcasts are a convenient, portable, and increasingly popular resource for conveying and consuming information. Accordingly, the ever-expanding catalog of podcast content offers counselor educators, counseling students, and clinicians a wealth of free learning materials. This article provides an overview of current podcast trends, prior uses in educational and clinical settings, and outlines several strategies for utilizing podcasts to enhance student learning and development in marriage and family counseling courses.
Characterization of Intercalated Cell Markers KIT and LINC01187 in Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma and Other Renal Neoplasms
Authors: Mannan Rahul , Wang Xiaoming , Bawa Pushpinder S. , Zhang Yuping , Skala Stephanie L. , Chinnaiyan Anya K. , Dagar Aniket , Wang Lisha , Zelenka-Wang Sylvia B. , McMurry Lisa M. , Daniel Nikita , Cao Xuhong , Sangoi Ankur R. , Gupta Sounak , Vaishampayan Ulka N. , Hafez Khaled S. , Morgan Todd M. , Spratt Daniel E. , Tretiakova Maria S. , Argani Pedram , Chinnaiyan Arul M. , Dhanasekaran Saravana M. , Mehra Rohit
Published: October 2022

Introduction. Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chromophobe RCC) is the third major subcategory of renal tumors after clear cell RCC and papillary RCC, accounting for approximately 5% of all RCC subtypes. Other oncocytic neoplasms seen commonly in surgical pathology practice include the eosinophilic variant of chromophobe RCC, renal oncocytoma, and low-grade oncocytic unclassified RCC. Methods. In our recent next-generation sequencing based study, we nominated a lineage-specific novel biomarker LINC01187 (long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1187) which was found to be enriched in chromophobe RCC. Like KIT (cluster of differentiation 117; CD117), a clinically utilized chromophobe RCC related biomarker, LINC01187 is expressed in intercalated cells of the nephron. In this follow-up study, we performed KIT immunohistochemistry and LINC01187 RNA in situ hybridization (RNA-ISH) on a cohort of chromophobe RCC and other renal neoplasms, characterized the expression patterns, and quantified the expression signals of the two biomarkers in both primary and metastatic settings. Results. LINC01187, in comparison to KIT, exhibits stronger and more uniform expression within tumors while maintaining temporal and spatial consistency. LINC01187 also is devoid of intra-tumoral heterogeneous expression pattern, a phenomenon commonly noted with KIT. Conclusions. LINC01187 expression can augment the currently utilized KIT assay and help facilitate easy microscopic analyses in routine surgical pathology practice.