bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1122‐000164: Peri‐embolization Use of Stent Retrievers as a Rescue Tool in Patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Amireh Abdallah O , Nagy Muhammad , Ali Hassan , Mehta Siddhart , Zacharatos Haralabos , Fourcand Farah , Kirmani Jawad
Published: December 2021

Introduction
: Coil migration after endovascular embolization of intracranial aneurysms is one of the periprocedural complications in 2–6% of patients. Stent retriever use is well‐established in treatment of ischemic stroke but has not been well established to address coil retrieval as rescue therapy. We describe three cases with successful removal of migrated coils using stent retrievers.

Methods
: A retrospective review at a single center university hospital was performed for all Neuro‐endovascular case log from December 2018 to November 2020. Cases of coil migration were reviewed and coil retraction with Stent Retriever with successful coil mass extraction was considered an endpoint. Number of attempts, types of stent retrievers used and time taken for extraction were noted.

Results
: Case 1: 56‐year‐old female presented with ruptured tri‐lobed 4 × 3 mm Anterior communicating artery aneurysm. Hunt and Hess (H&H) Grade 2. Modified Fisher scale (MFS) 4. Underwent primary coil embolization. Two 2mmx2cm Galaxy Orbit coils were deployed within aneurysm. During deployment of third coil the first two coils displaced out of the aneurysm migrating into left A2 segment. Stryker’s Trevo 3 × 20 mm stent retriever was used for retrieval of coils however they dislodged at the left internal carotid artery (ICA) terminus and migrated distally into the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) M2 superior division. Subsequently, Medtronic’s Solitaire 4 × 40 mm stent retriever was successfully deployed retrieving the migrated coils with full recanalization.

Case 2: 64‐year‐old female presented with ruptured 3 × 5.3 mm right posterior communicating artery (Pcom) aneurysm. H&H 5 and MFS 4. Underwent primary coil embolization with placement of Galaxy Orbit 2.5mmx3.5cm coil. On follow up run, coil mass had migrated into the origin of right fetal Pcom. Migrated coil was successfully retrieved using Stryker’s 4 × 40 mm stent retriever with complete recanalization.

Case 3: 65‐year‐old female with presented ruptured 8.5 × 6.8 mm right supraclinoid ICA irregular aneurysm. H&H Grade 1. MFS 3. Underwent primary coil embolization with one Galaxy coil (5mm x 10cm) with plan for future flow diversion. Two weeks later, patient experienced acute neurological worsening with new left sided hemiparesis and right gaze deviation. Imaging revealed acute occlusion of right middle cerebral artery M1 segment occlusion with thrombosed migrated coil. Patient underwent retrieval of the coil and superimposed thrombus utilizing Stryker’s Trevo (4*30 mm) stent retriever with resultant full recanalization.

Conclusions
: These cases demonstrate successful endovascular mechanical removal of migrated coils using stent retrievers. They add to the limited experience of stent retrievers utilization as effective tools for dealing with such complications.
Abstract 1122‐000166: Stroke Severity Factors in patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke and Heart Failure Stratifying by Age
Authors: Edrissi Camron K , Sanders Carolyn , Rathfoot Chase , Knisely Krista , Nathaniel Thomas , Poupore Nicolas
Published: December 2021

Introduction
: The goal of this study is to investigate the clinical risk factors associated with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) severity in heart failure (HF) patients above and below 70 years old using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) as a measure for stroke severity.

Methods
: This study uses retrospective analysis of AIS patients who were previously diagnosed with HF. Data was collected from a regional stroke center from January 2010 to June 2016. Multivariate logistic regression identified the factors associated with stroke severity, with a NIHSS score <7 indicating low severity and a score ≥7 indicating high severity. These results were stratified by patient ages of < and ≥70 years old.

Results
: A total of 590 patients presented with AIS and a previous diagnosis of HF. The AIS‐HF population contained 223 patients that were <70 years old and 367 that were ≥70 years old. In the AIS‐HF population, patients who were ≥70 years old who presented with coronary artery stenosis (CAS) (OR = 8.592, 95% CI, 2.123‐34.772, P <0.003), prosthetic heart valve (OR = 22.028, 95% CI, 1.454‐333.746, P <0.026), elevated systolic blood pressure (OR = 1.014, 95% CI, 1.002‐1.026, P < 0.024), and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) administration (OR = 4.002, 95% CI, 1.912‐8.377, P < 0.001) were associated with a higher NIHSS. Alternatively, those that presented with gender differences (OR = 0.466, 95% CI, 0.235‐0.925, P < 0.029), family history of stroke (OR = 0.084, 95% CI, 0.010‐0.726, P < 0.024), obesity (OR = 0.493, 95% CI, 0.261‐0.930, P < 0.029), smoking (OR = 0.253, 95% CI, 0.063‐1.022, P < 0.054), serum creatinine (OR = 0.629, 95% CI, 0.399‐0.992, P < 0.046), INR level (OR = 0.457, 95% CI, 0.191‐1.094, P < 0.079) were associated with a lower NIHSS.

Conclusions
: The data revealed a variety of components that may affect Stroke Severity in AIS patients with HF. The associated factors exhibited significant differences between distinct age groups. AIS‐HF patients ≥70 years old who presented with CAS, prosthetic heart valve, elevated systolic blood pressure, and received tPA administration were associated with higher stroke severity (≥7 NIHSS) compared to <70 years old group. Identifying more concrete clinical and demographic associations may aid in the identification and evidence‐based management of patients who suffer from AIS.
Abstract 1122‐000181: Collateral Circulation in Ischemic Stroke is Not Determined by Anatomical Variants of the Cerebral Arteries
Authors: Brzegowy Karolina , Solewski Bernard , Brzegowy Paweł , Musiał Agata , Popiela Tadeusz , Walocha Jerzy A
Published: December 2021

Introduction
: In acute ischemic stroke, collateral circulation determines tissue fate and treatment results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of anatomical variations of the Circle of Willis (CoW) in formation of cerebral collateral blood flow in patients with acute M1 occlusion.

Methods
: This study was a retrospective assessment of radiological examinations of patients with stroke due to middle cerebral artery M1 segment occlusion. All patients underwent mechanical thrombectomy from January 2015 until March 2021. The anatomy of the CoW was assessed on initial CT‐angiography and DSA. CTA was utilized to grade cranial collateral vasculature status and cortical vein opacification score (COVES). Non‐contrast CT scans and ASPECTS scores (using RAPID software) were used to determine the ischemic area.

Results
: A total of 100 patients were included in the analysis (58 females and 42 males, mean age: 71.6 +/‐ 13.9). We classified the anatomy of the CoW according to its continuity as a full circle. Patients with fully continuous CoW (n = 19) had worse COVES scores than those with CoW incomplete at both anterior and posterior portion (n = 9) (89% vs 68% with COVES 0–2, p = 0.179). No statistically significant results were found when comparing the enhancement of collaterals between these two groups (p = 0.390). The COVES scores were similar for patients with complete and incomplete anterior portions of CoW (77% vs 80% with COVES 0–2, p = 0.812). Patients with incomplete posterior portions of CoW had lower COVES scores than those with complete (80% vs 67% with COVES 0–2, p = 0.206). No statistically significant differences were discovered when comparing different types of the posterior communicating artery (adult, transitional and fetal). Analysis of ischemic areas determined as ASPECTS scores pre‐ and post‐thrombectomy yielded no significant differences between any of the groups.

Conclusions
: Although certain variants of the CoW have been reported to increase the risk of ischemic stroke, our results show that the anatomy of CoW has no large effect on collateral blood flow during acute M1 occlusion. We presume that the greater role is played by pial arterioles than anatomical variants of major cerebral arteries in cerebral collateral circulation formation. Detailed knowledge about the factors that influence collateral blood flow is crucial as it may aid in identification of patients prone to worse outcomes of ischemic stroke. Anatomical variants of CoW do not play a major role in formation of cerebral collaterals.
Abstract 1122‐000182: Histological Composition of Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke‐Causing Thrombi to Identify Etiologies: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Yeung‐Lai‐Wah Paul , Atchaneeyasakul Kunakorn , Sheu Kyle , Rao Neal , Liebeskind David , Yavagal Dileep
Published: December 2021

Introduction
: More than a third of large vessel occlusion ischemic strokes do not have clear etiology. Mechanical thrombectomy provides a method to retrieve stroke‐causing thrombi and potentially identifying the etiology. A systematic meta‐analysis is performed to determine if there is a histological difference in red blood cell (RBC) composition of thrombi after the etiology of the stroke is known.

Methods
: We performed a systematic search through PUBMED and EMBASE. Studies meeting inclusion criteria were identified in which the large vessel occlusion stroke‐causing thrombi histology and etiology of the stroke were determined as either large artery atherosclerotic (LAA), cardioembolic (CE) or cryptogenic. Studies that had the data available or extractable data were selected. Random‐effect models were used to compare the histological difference between each etiology.

Results
: From inception to August 2021, 4 studies (n = 1022) were used to compare CE vs LAA, 5 studies (n = 1247) were used to compare CE vs cryptogenic and 4 studies (n = 654) were used to compare LAA vs cryptogenic. There was no significant difference in the red blood cells vs white blood cells/fibrin/platelets component between the stroke origins of CE vs LAA (mean difference (MD) ‐1.87; 95% confidence internal [CI]: ‐16.51, 12.78), CE vs cryptogenic (MD 1.18; 95% CI: ‐1.49, 3.86) and LAA vs cryptogenic (MD 7.20; 95% CI: ‐3.93, 18.34).

Conclusions
: There was no significant gross histological difference between CE, LAA and cryptogenic stroke etiologies and of the large vessel occlusion stroke‐causing thrombi retrieved by mechanical thrombectomy. Further studies into biochemical or genetic markers may be needed to identify stroke etiology.
Abstract 1122‐000197: Carotid‐Cavernous Fistula: Does Transcranial Duplex Worth Revisiting?
Authors: Doheim Mohamed Fahmy , Mostafa Mohamed
Published: December 2021

Introduction
: Carotid‐cavernous fistula (CCF) represents a well‐known multifaceted diagnostic challenge starting from clinical presentation till angiography. This case presentation and literature review shed the light on the value of a bedside transcranial duplex (TCD) as a timely and a plausible screening tool.

Methods
: A case presentation and a brief literature review of CCF diagnosed via transcranial temporal window and made time to angiography shorter than the MRI brain. A review of literature was conducted for the timely diagnostic role of transtemporal TCD compared to transorbital US and an MRI brain.

Results
: Our case report showed the valuable role of the bedside TCD in diagnosing CCF. There is a limited number of studies which tackled the timely diagnostic role of transtemporal TCD compared to transorbital US and an MRI brain from door to angiography.

Conclusions
: A large‐sampled randomized controlled trial is needed for evaluating the actual utility of a bed side time and cost‐effective Transtemporal TCD vs other state‐of‐art non‐angiographic diagnostic modalities such as MRI, CT and transorbital US.
Abstract 1122‐000206: Predictors of Hemorrhagic Transformation after Mechanical Thrombectomy in Large Vessel Occlusion Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Sharashidze Vera , Saini Vasu , Malik Amer , Romano Jose
Published: December 2021

Introduction
: Stroke is a major cause of morbidity and mortality around the globe. Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is the standard of care for patients with large vessel occlusion strokes. However, mechanical thrombectomy is associated with a number of complications. Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage is one of the most feared complications of mechanical thrombectomy. In the pooled analysis of five trials, 4.4% of patients developed symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. Treating physicians should have a good understanding of the potential complications of MT in order to optimize the safety and benefits of this procedure. Yet, the causes of hemorrhagic transformation are largely unknown and the predictors identified in previous studies vary. The goal of our study is to identify the rate and reliable predictors of radiological hemorrhagic transformation (RHT) and symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation (sICH) post mechanical thrombectomy in large vessel ischemic strokes.

Methods
: This was a retrospective analysis of consecutive large vessel occlusion acute ischemic stroke patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy in a comprehensive stroke center (spanning 02/2015 ‐ 09/2018). Outcome measures included radiological hemorrhagic transformation (RHT) and symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation (sICH). sICH was defined as RHT with worsening of 4points in 24–36h NIHSS (ECASS II criteria) and by at least 1point (NINDS criteria).RHT was further classified according to Heidelberg‐bleeding classification as HI1, HI2, PH1, PH2, and SAH. Independent covariates predictive of RHT or symptomatic hemorrhage (sICH) were identified with multivariable logistic regression. Clinical opinion and the existing literature were used to reduce the number of variables collected at baseline to those considered potentially predictive of stroke progression.

Results
: Out of 341 patients who underwent thrombectomy, 32% had a radiological hemorrhagic transformation. The median age was 71. Smoking, IV tPA, longer procedure time, and lower TICI scores were associated with RHT. On a separate multivariate analysis, coronary artery disease was a separate predictor of hemorrhagic transformation. Patients with RHT had higher inpatient mortality and less mRs < 3 at discharge.

Conclusions
: RHT is associated with poor functional outcomes and inpatient mortality. Factors such as smoking, IV tPA, longer procedure time, and lower TICI scores were associated with RHT.
Abstract 1122‐000208: Imaging Characteristics for Post Stroke Delirium
Authors: Ahmad Mohammad Jamil , Anjum Sahar , Kumar Aditya , Sebaugh Jacob , Joseph Michele , Williams Bethany , Zha Alicia
Published: December 2021

Introduction
: Delirium after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a common clinical occurrence, present in 13–48% of patients. Post‐stroke delirium is associated with longer hospital admissions, worse functional outcomes, and increased mortality in the short term and has been associated with worse long‐term outcomes. Prior studies have shown right‐sided strokes are more associated with delirium, but very few other imaging characteristics of post‐stroke delirium have been described. We conducted a prospective study evaluating imaging characteristics for patients with delirium.

Methods
: Between Sept 2019 and June 2021, patients diagnosed with AIS within 48 hrs of stroke onset were prospectively evaluated for delirium using the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM)‐ICU daily for the first eight days of their hospital stay. Patients with severe stroke and expected mortality within the first month at the time of admission or with severe aphasia unable to follow commands were excluded. Data regarding demographics, comorbidities, hospital stay, stroke metrics, lab work and medications were analyzed. Imaging characteristics were adjudicated by authors based on either the patient’s first MRI or the 24 hr CT after admission. Infarct size measured based on ABC/2 formula based on diffusion‐weighted imaging on MRI or stroke appearance on CT.

Results
: Over the course of 12 non‐consecutive months, we evaluated 213 patients, of which 177 could be assessed with the CAM‐ICU. Delirium was present in 88 (49.7%). There were no statistically significant differences in age, gender, race, co‐morbidities, or TOAST etiology among patients with and without delirium (Table 1). Patients with delirium had higher NIHSS and were more likely to receive tPA. Patients with delirium were more likely to have MCA territory strokes, strokes involving the insula, and to have infarct sizes ≥10 cc. On multivariate modeling, NIHSS (OR 1.07; 95% CI 1.01, 1.13), MCA territory stroke (OR 2.62; 95% CI 1.09, 6.30), and infarct size ≥10 cc (OR 3.23; 95% CI 1.46, 6.90) were associated with delirium.

Conclusions
: In a cohort of AIS patients without significant expected mortality on admission, the incidence of delirium is high. On evaluation, infarct size ≥10 cc and in the MCA territory were more associated with delirium than NIHSS. These imaging characteristics should be considered in any future predictive models for identifying patients at risk for delirium.
Abstract 1122‐000222: Repeated Mechanical Thrombectomy for Recurrent Large Vessel Occlusion: A Meta‐Analysis of Individual Participant Data
Authors: Elfil Mohamed , Aladawi Mohammad , Eldokmak Mohamed , Bayoumi Ahmed , Bahbah Eshak I
Published: December 2021

Introduction
: Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) has become the standard treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) caused by large vessel occlusion (LVO), with different techniques used to achieve revascularization of the occluded vessel. However, early re‐occlusion of the target vessels could still take place in a considerable proportion of patients who already underwent MT for LVO. Therefore, we conducted this systematic review and individual participant data (IPD) meta‐analysis to provide more comprehensive evidence regarding the efficacy of repeat thrombectomy for recurrent LVO in early after successful first‐time MT.

Methods
: A computerized search on MEDLINE via PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane library using the relevant keywords was performed. The retrieved references were screened, and the relevant data were extracted. STATA and SPSS were used to perform this IPD meta‐analysis.

Results
: Twenty studies were included, of which ten studies were observational studies (n = 21,251 patients) and 10 cases reports (n = 10 patients). Out of the included patients, 266 patients (62.78% females) were identified with recurrent LVO. The overall prevalence of recurrent LVO was 1.6%, 95% CI (1.0% to 2.8%), p<0.001. The mean age of the included patients was 65.67±16.23 years. Cardiac embolism was the most common cause of stroke in both times (52%). The median number of days between the first and second LVO was 15 days (IQR: 4–191). Regarding the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), the first and second MT reduced it significantly (MD = ‐8.91, 95% CI: ‐10.02 to ‐7.82) and (MD = ‐5.97, 95% CI: ‐7.53 to ‐4.43), respectively, with a significant difference between both procedures (p = 0.001). The mean ASPECT after the first MT was 8.65±1.45, and after the second MT was 8.01±1.88. A significant weak correlation was observed between the ASPECT of first MT and NIHSS before it (r = ‐0.270, p = 0.001). Based on the thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) grading system, the first MT resulted in 57.3% complete perfusion, 42.1% partially filling, and 0.7% no/minimal filling, while the second MT resulted in 48% complete perfusion, 30% partially filling, and 6.67% no/minimal filling, with a significant difference between both MTs (p = 0.042). Regarding the modified Rankin scale (mRS) at 90 days after the first MT, “0” was the most frequent outcome (26.9%), followed by “2” (13.0%), “1” (12.4%), and “4” (7.3%). On the other hand, the 90‐day mRS after the second MT was categorized as the following: “6” in 13.5%, “3” in 13.5%, “2” in 11.9%, “1” in 11.9%, and “4” in 9.3%.

Conclusions
: In properly selected patients with recurrent LVO, repeated MT appears to be feasible and safe. A prior MT procedure should not discourage aggressive treatment as these patients may achieve similar rates of good clinical outcomes as those who undergo single MT.
Linguistic Parameters of Spontaneous Speech for Identifying Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Vincze Veronika , Szabó Martina Katalin , Hoffmann Ildikó , Tóth László , Pákáski Magdolna , Kálmán János , Gosztolya Gábor
Published: December 2021

In this article, we seek to automatically identify Hungarian patients suffering from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild Alzheimer disease (mAD) based on their speech transcripts, focusing only on linguistic features. In addition to the features examined in our earlier study, we introduce syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic features of spontaneous speech that might affect the detection of dementia. In order to ascertain the most useful features for distinguishing healthy controls, MCI patients, and mAD patients, we carry out a statistical analysis of the data and investigate the significance level of the extracted features among various speaker group pairs and for various speaking tasks. In the second part of the article, we use this rich feature set as a basis for an effective discrimination among the three speaker groups. In our machine learning experiments, we analyze the efficacy of each feature group separately. Our model that uses all the features achieves competitive scores, either with or without demographic information (3-class accuracy values: 68%–70%, 2-class accuracy values: 77.3%–80%). We also analyze how different data recording scenarios affect linguistic features and how they can be productively used when distinguishing MCI patients from healthy controls.
It's a Long Walk: Lasting Effects of Maternity Ward Openings on Labor Market Performance
Authors: Lazuka Volha
Published: December 2021

Being born in a hospital versus having a traditional birth attendant at home represents the most common early life policy change worldwide. By applying a difference-in-differences approach to register-based individual-level data on the total population, this paper explores the long-term economic effects of the opening of new maternity wards as an early life quasi-experiment. It first finds that the reform substantially increased the share of hospital births and reduced early neonatal mortality. It then shows sizable long-term effects on labor income, unemployment, health-related disability, and schooling. Small-scale local maternity wards yield a larger social rate of return than large-scale hospitals.
Judging under Public Pressure
Authors: Cohen Alma , Neeman Zvika , Auferoth Florian
Published: December 2021

We study the circumstances under which public pressure affects judging. We show that crowd pressure biases decisions in favor of the crowd for “subjective decisions” with respect to which the judge has more discretion but not for “objective decisions.” The bias is strengthened after a judge's error against the crowd and when errors are costlier to the crowd. We use data about referees' decisions and errors from the Bundesliga. We exploit three regimes where, due to the introduction of Video Assistance Refereeing (VAR) and COVID-19, both crowd pressure and the likelihood of errors vary.
Personal Bests and Gender
Authors: González-Díaz Julio , Palacios-Huerta Ignacio , Abuín José M.
Published: December 2021

We connect two large bodies of scientific inquiry. First, important theories in the social sciences establish that human preferences are reference-dependent. Second, a separate field of research documents substantial differences in preferences and attitudes across genders. Specifically, we examine the universe of official classic chess games (more than 250,000 subjects and 22 million games). This allows us to study differences across genders both in cognitive performance (intensive margin) and in competitive participation (extensive margin), using the fact that personal bests act as reference points. We find that males and females behave very differently around their personal bests in both margins.
Self-Diagnosis and Self-Debiasing: A Proposal for Reducing Corpus-Based Bias in NLP
Authors: Schick Timo , Udupa Sahana , Schütze Hinrich
Published: December 2021

⚠ This paper contains prompts and model outputs that are offensive in nature.

When trained on large, unfiltered crawls from the Internet, language models pick up and reproduce all kinds of undesirable biases that can be found in the data: They often generate racist, sexist, violent, or otherwise toxic language. As large models require millions of training examples to achieve good performance, it is difficult to completely prevent them from being exposed to such content. In this paper, we first demonstrate a surprising finding: Pretrained language models recognize, to a considerable degree, their undesirable biases and the toxicity of the content they produce. We refer to this capability as self-diagnosis. Based on this finding, we then propose a decoding algorithm that, given only a textual description of the undesired behavior, reduces the probability of a language model producing problematic text. We refer to this approach as self-debiasing. Self-debiasing does not rely on manually curated word lists, nor does it require any training data or changes to the model’s parameters. While we by no means eliminate the issue of language models generating biased text, we believe our approach to be an important step in this direction.1
Commentary on emotion in sharks
Authors: Porcher Ila F.
Published: December 2021

While studying the behaviour of a community of blackfin reef sharks, there was a four month long episode during which the entire company of residents and their visitors showed evidence of feeling a negative emotion towards me. They directed a variety of menacing gestures towards me, and their behaviour escalated until they began battering my kayak on my arrival in their range. Underwater, three would have slammed me personally had I not fought them off. Their behaviour suggested that their cognitive functions are complex, for they held their negative attitude in mind long-term. Two years later, under different conditions, they conveyed, via body language, a positive emotion. Social learning, social buffering, and emotional contagion were also displayed in their actions.
Dismantling a Monopoly: Jews, Christians, and the Production of Shofarot in Fifteenth-Century Germany
Authors: Lehnertz Andreas
Published: December 2021

This essay presents a case study from Erfurt (Germany) concerning the production of shofarot (i.e., animal horns blown for ritual purposes, primarily on the Jewish New Year). By the early 1420s, Jews from all over the Holy Roman Empire had been purchasing shofarot from one Christian workshop in Erfurt that produced these ritual Jewish objects in cooperation with an unnamed Jewish craftsman. At the same time, two Jews from Erfurt were training in this craft, and started to produce shofarot of their own making. One of these Jewish craftsmen claimed that the Christian workshop had been deceiving the Jews for decades by providing improper shofarot made with materials unsuitable for Jewish ritual use. The local rabbi, Yomtov Lipman, exposed this as a scandal, writing letters to the German Jewish communities about the Christian workshop’s fraud and urging them all to buy new shofarot from the new Jewish craftsmen in Erfurt instead. This article will first examine the fraud attributed to the Christian workshop. Then, after analyzing the historical context of Yomtov Lipman’s letter, it will explore the underlying motivations of this rabbi to expose the Christian workshop’s fraud throughout German Jewish communities at this time. I will argue that, while Yomtov Lipman uses halakhic explanations in his letter, his chief motivation in exposing this fraud was to discredit the Christian workshop, create an artificial demand for shofarot, and promote the new Jewish workshop in Erfurt, whose craftsmen the rabbi himself had likely trained in the art of shofar making.
Nigerian Pentecostal Diasporic Missions and Intergenerational Conflicts: Case Studies from Amsterdam and London
Authors: Adenekan-Koevoets Bisi
Published: December 2021

Since the 1960s, African-led Pentecostal churches have flourished in the UK and Europe, often identifying the evangelisation of White indigenous populations as a key missiological aspiration. This desire has not yet been realised, although by numbers and social engagement, African Pentecostals are making their presence known and returning conversations on religion to the public sphere in Europe. This article, based on case studies in London and Amsterdam, departs from established scholarship on ‘reverse missions’ by arguing that intergenerational conflicts within Nigerian-initiated Pentecostal churches in Europe are a significant obstacle hindering their missional aims. This qualitative study focuses on second- and subsequent-generation Nigerian migrants and their perceptions of the missiological and religious activities of the first generation, exploring intergenerational conflicts relating to leadership; indigenous beliefs/practices; gender/cultural norms, and missiological approaches. It argues that addressing these points of conflict will be an important tool for the missional success of African Pentecostals in Europe.
Exploring the Basis for the Increasing Medical Negligence Claims in South Africa
Authors: Matumba Rendani , Nwafor Anthony O. , Lubisi Edward V. , Selala Koboro J
Published: December 2021

Litigation arising from medical negligence have continued to witness an incremental trajectory in the contemporary South African medical jurisprudence. As the number of claims continue to rise, so also does the financial expense in the form of cost of litigation on the part of the litigants and damages paid by the healthcare personnel and government agencies in successful cases. Such expense, however, palls into oblivion when compared with the reputational damage attendant such negligent conducts on the parts of both the healthcare personnel and the healthcare institutions. On the positive side, however, is that the growing instances of such claims have brought to the fore the need to interrogate the reasons and seek solutions with a view to attaining a more efficient health service delivery system in the country.
The Emergence of Artificial Intelligence in Africa and its Impact on the Enjoyment of Human Rights
Authors: Ojo Olayinka Oluwamuyiwa
Published: December 2021

Meeting the rising need for development and tackling the attendant challenges in Africa requires pragmatic and innovative strategies. Although there is evidence that political governance is improving across the continent, these improvements are not meeting the expectations and needs of several sections of the society. Artificial Intelligence (AI) seems to be one tool with a great potential to address these current challenges. Just like every innovative technology, AI has both positive and negative aspects. This article examines the human rights implications of AI introduction into Africa in light of rights enshrined in the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights.
Running Fast and Standing Slow: a Study on the Effect of Gesture Posing on Time Perception
Authors: Lo L. Y. , Tam H. M. , Li W. O.
Published: December 2021

Everyone has 24 hours in a day, but this does not feel the same for everyone. Time perception can be subjective and is affected by a wide range of factors. Studies have shown that presenting pictures with actions can bias observers’ performance in a duration reproduction task. Instead of watching pictures of actions, this research explored the effect of gesture posing on such a time perception bias. Sixty participants were assigned into either a watching or posing group. Compared with the corresponding baseline performance, participants overestimated time duration when viewing or posing pictures suggesting action. A corresponding underestimation was observed when the pictures or gestures suggested inaction. The role of physical gestures and their potential effect on time perception based on the embodiment account is discussed. Further investigation is also proposed to examine the role of the embodiment effect on subsecond time intervals.
Modelling Feedback Effects on the Production of Short Time Intervals
Authors: Wearden John H. , Wehrman Jordan
Published: December 2021

People produced time intervals of 500 to 1250 ms, with accurate feedback in ms provided after each production. The mean times produced tracked the target times closely, and the coefficient of variation (standard deviation/mean) declined with increasing target time. The mean absolute change from one trial to another, and its standard deviation, measures of trial-by-trial change, also increased with target time. A model of feedback was fitted to all four measures. It assumed that the time produced resulted from a combination of a scalar timing process and a non-timing process. Although the non-timing process was on average invariant with target time, the timing process was assumed to be sensitive to feedback, in two different ways. If the previous production was close to the target the model repeated it (a repeat process), but if it was further away the next production was adjusted by an amount related to the discrepancy between the previous production and the target (an adjust process). The balance between the two was governed by a threshold, which was on average constant, and it was further assumed that the relative variability of the repeat process was lower than that of the adjust process. The model produced output which fitted three of the four measures well (average deviation of 3 or 4%) but fitted the standard deviation of change less well. Reducing the magnitude of the non-timing process produced output which conformed approximately to scalar timing, and the model could also mimic data resulting from the provision of inaccurate feedback.
The Rhetoric of Sexual Difference in French Reproductive Politics
Authors: Drouillard Jill
Published: December 2021

What kind of rhetoric frames French reproductive policy debate? Who does such policies exclude? Through an examination of the “American import” of gender studies, along with an analysis of France’s Catholic heritage and secular politics, I argue that an unwavering belief in sexual difference as the foundation of French society defines the productive reproductive citizen. Sylviane Agacinski is perhaps the most vocal public philosopher who has framed the terms of reproductive policy debate in France, building an oppositional platform to reproductive technology around anthropological assertions of sexual difference. This paper engages with Agacinski to examine rhetorical claims of sexual difference and how such claims delayed passage of France’s revised bioethics legislation that extends access of assisted reproductive technology (ART) to “all women.” Though the “PMA pour toutes” [ART for all women] legislation was eventually passed, such rhetoric motivated the explicit exclusion of all trans person from its extension, thus hardly permitting ART to all women.
Trans-Religious Dancing Dialogues: Michel Henry on Dionysus and the Crucified
Authors: Hall Joshua M.
Published: December 2021

Perhaps owing to frictions between his Christological worldview and the dominant secularism of contemporary French thought as taken up in the U.S., and persistent worries about a seeming solipsism in his phenomenology, Michel Henry’s innovative contributions to aesthetics have received unfortunately little attention in English. The present investigation addresses both issues simultaneously with a new interpretation of his recently-translated 1996 interview, “Art and Phenomenology.” Inspired by this special issue’s theme, “French Thought in Dialogue,” it emphasizes four levels of dialogue in the interview, as follows: (1) the interview as such, with Jean-Marie Brohm; (2) its titular dialogue between art and phenomenology; (3) what I term a “trans-religious” dialogue between Christianity’s Jesus and Friedrich Nietzsche’s Dionysus; and (4) a related dialogue between painting (Henry’s favored genre) and dance that is “Dionysian” (in Nietzsche’s sense). It concludes with new phenomenological accounts of a literal and a figurative dance, namely the social Latin dance called bachata, and an improvised musical dialogue with the mockingbirds of my hometown. In sum, thanks to Henry’s engagement with various forms of dialogue, including with Brohm, the arts, paganism, and dance, one can find room in his transcendental subjectivity of Life for others, dancingly transcending even humanity.
A New Species of Dendrobium Section Spatulata From Maluku, Indonesia
Authors: METUSALA DESTARIO , SAPUTRA REZA , TRIMANTO  , NISYAWATI
Published: December 2021

Dendrobium dedeksantosoi, a new species of Dendrobium section Spatulata (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae) from Maluku Islands, Indonesia, is described and illustrated. The flower of this new species is morphologically most similar to Dendrobium busuangense, but differs in having different shape and size of petals and lip as well as a different length ratio between column and column-foot.
Asymmetric Impacts of El Niño and La Niña on the Pacific–South America Teleconnection Pattern
Authors: Wang Ya , Huang Gang , Hu Kaiming , Tao Weichen , Li Xichen , Gong Hainan , Gu Letian , Zhang Wenqi
Published: December 2021

El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has a huge influence on Antarctic climate variability via Rossby wave trains. In this study, the asymmetry of the ENSO teleconnection in the Southern Hemisphere, together with the mechanisms involved, is systematically investigated. In four reanalysis datasets, the composite atmospheric circulation anomaly in austral winter over the Amundsen Sea during La Niña is situated more to the west than during El Niño. This asymmetric feature is reproduced by ECHAM5.3.2 forced with both composite and idealized symmetric sea surface temperature anomalies. Utilizing a linear baroclinic model, we find that ENSO-triggered circulation anomalies in the subtropics can readily extract kinetic energy from the climatological mean flow and develop efficiently at the exit of the subtropical jet stream (STJ). The discrepancy in the location of the STJ between El Niño and La Niña causes asymmetric circulation responses by affecting the energy conversion. During El Niño years, anomalous tropical convective precipitation increases the meridional temperature gradient, which in turn leads to the strengthening of the STJ and the eastward movement of the jet core and jet exit in the Pacific. With the movement of the STJ exit, the wave train tends to develop over the eastern region. The opposite is the case during La Niña when the westward shift of the jet exit favors the development of the wave train in the western region. Our findings expand the current understanding regarding ENSO teleconnection.
Winter Convective Mixing in the Northern Arabian Sea during Contrasting Monsoons
Authors: Thoppil Prasad G. , Wallcraft Alan J. , Jensen Tommy G.
Published: December 2021

Along-track Argo observations in the northern Arabian Sea during 2017–19 showed by far the most contrasting winter convective mixing; 2017–18 was characterized by less intense convective mixing resulting in a mixed layer depth of 110 m, while 2018–19 experienced strong and prolonged convective mixing with the mixed layer deepening to 150 m. The response of the mixed layer to contrasting atmospheric forcing and the associated formation of Arabian Sea High Salinity Water (ASHSW) in the northeastern Arabian Sea are studied using a combination of Argo float observations, gridded observations, a data assimilative general circulation model, and a series of 1D model simulations. The 1D model experiments show that the response of winter mixed layer to atmospheric forcing is not only influenced by winter surface buoyancy loss, but also by a preconditioned response to freshwater fluxes and associated buoyancy gain by the ocean during the summer that is preceding the following winter. A shallower and short-lived winter mixed layer occurred during 2017–18 following the exceptionally high precipitation over evaporation during the summer monsoon in 2017. The precipitation-induced salinity stratification (a salinity anomaly of −0.7 psu) during summer inhibited convective mixing in the following winter, resulting in a shallow winter mixed layer (103 m). Combined with weak buoyancy loss due to weaker surface heat loss in the northeastern Arabian Sea, this caused an early termination of the convective mixing (26 February 2018). In contrast, the winter convective mixing during 2018–19 was deeper (143 m) and long-lived. The 2018 summer, by comparison, was characterized by normal or below normal precipitation which generated a weakly stratified ocean preconditioned to winter mixing. This combined with colder and drier air from the landmass to the north with low specific humidity led to strong buoyancy loss, and resulted in prolonged winter convective mixing through 25 March 2019.
Analysis and Simulations of a Heavy Rainfall Event Associated with the Passage of a Shallow Front over Northern Taiwan on 2 June 2017
Authors: Tu Chuan-Chi , Chen Yi-Leng , Lin Pay-Liam , Huang Mu-Qun
Published: December 2021

From 0200 to 1000 LST 2 June 2017, the shallow, east–west-oriented mei-yu front (<1 km) cannot move over the Yang-Ming Mountains (with peaks ∼1120 m) when it first arrives. The postfrontal cold air at the surface is deflected by the Yang-Ming Mountains and moves through the Keelung River and Tamsui River valleys into the Taipei basin. The shallow northerly winds are anchored along the northern side of the Yang-Ming Mountains for 8 h. In addition, the southwesterly barrier jet with maximum winds in the 900–950-hPa layer brings in abundant moisture and converges with the northwesterly flow in the southwestern flank of the mei-yu frontal cyclone. Therefore, torrential rain (>600 mm) occurs over the northern side of the Yang-Ming Mountains. From 1100 to 1200 LST, with the gradual deepening of the postfrontal cold air, the front finally passes over the Yang-Ming Mountains and arrives at the Taipei basin, which results in an east–west-oriented rainband with the rainfall maxima over the northwestern coast and Taipei basin. From 1300 to 1400 LST, the frontal rainband continues to move southward with rainfall over the northwestern slopes of the Snow Mountains. In the prefrontal southwesterly flow, the orographic lifting of the moisture-laden low-level winds results in heavy rainfall on the southwestern slopes of the Snow Mountains and the Central Mountain Range. With the terrain of the Yang-Ming Mountains removed in the high-resolution model, the mei-yu front moves quickly southward without a rainfall maximum over the northern tip of Taiwan.
Preparation of multiple-reactive-site and flexible crosslinking agent with transaconitic acid and acrylic acid and its application for three-dimensional crosslinking of cellulose
Authors: Liang Ting , Yan Kelu , Zhao Tao , Ji Bolin
Published: December 2021

A novel multiple-reactive-site crosslinking agent, P(TAA‒AA), was developed from transaconitic acid and acrylic acid in this study. Cotton fabrics with durable wrinkle-resistant properties were obtained by crosslinking with P(TAA‒AA), which benefited from the multifunctional carboxyl groups of crosslinking agents and the three-dimensional crosslinking inside cotton fibers. The wrinkle-resistant properties of P(TAA‒AA)-modified fabrics were evaluated and compared with those of other polycarboxylic acid-treated fabrics, and the P(TAA‒AA)-modified fabrics showed a wrinkle recovery angle of 262° as high as the 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid-modified fabrics while maintaining nearly two-fold higher tearing strength retention (62.9%), and they showed a much higher value of whiteness index than the citric acid-modified fabrics. This demonstrated that the obtained P(TAA‒AA) is an ideal polycarboxylic acid already known to date simultaneously to realize the high wrinkle recovery angle and high tearing strength retention for treated cotton fabrics. The Raman depth mapping images and the scanning electron microscope images of P(TAA‒AA)-modified samples indicated that P(TAA‒AA) molecules can diffuse into the amorphous regions of the cellulose fibers and form crosslinking bridges between cellulose chains. The multiple reactive carboxyl groups in P(TAA‒AA) may form three or more ester bonds between the P(TAA‒AA) molecule and different cellulose chains, which were regarded as the main contribution to the high crosslinking effectiveness of the P(TAA‒AA)-modified fabrics.
Does the Method of Acceleration Matter? Exploring the Likelihood of College Coursetaking Success Across Four Developmental Education Instructional Strategies
Authors: Mokher Christine G. , Park-Gaghan Toby J. , Hu Shouping
Published: December 2021

Background/Context:

Accelerated instructional strategies for developmental education have been promoted as a way to help underprepared students to progress more quickly through college-level coursework. Yet, what remains unknown is whether certain accelerated strategies are more effective than others and whether this initial acceleration may lead to longer term success.

Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study:

We examine whether the likelihood of success varies for completion of mathematics and English requirements over 3 years among the Florida students enrolled in courses using one of four developmental instructional strategies: compressed, corequisite, modularized, or contextualized.

Population/Participants/Subjects:

Our sample includes all first-time-in-college students during the 2015–2016 year who enrolled in all 28 public state colleges and took any developmental education course during the first year.

Research Design:

We use inverse probability-weighted regression adjustment (IPWRA) to compare success rates in completion of mathematics and English requirements over 3 years for Florida college students in each of these strategies.

Findings/Results:

Overall, the results demonstrate variation in the likelihood of success for completion of mathematics and English courses over 3 years among students in different developmental instructional strategies, which suggests that the method of acceleration does matter. Corequisite courses tended to lead to greater long-term gains in math and, to an extent, in reading, while contextualized tended to be most effective in writing.

Conclusions/Recommendations:

Leaders can play an important role in strengthening institutional capacity to effectively implement developmental education reform by developing faculty buy-in, ensuring adequate resources to scale and sustain reform efforts, and using data to inform future decision-making.