bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Item Order on Psychological Aggression Reporting: An Examination With the Multidimensional Measure of Emotional Abuse
Authors: Shorey Ryan C. , Strauss Catherine , Woods William C. , Cornelius Tara L.
Published: April 2016

Psychological aggression between intimate partners has been found to occur at high rates in college populations, but the reliability and validity of the self-report measures used to gather this information have been criticized. Some studies indicate item order may affect self-reports of victimization and perpetration of violent behaviors. In this study, we administered standardized and randomized formats of the Multidimensional Measure of Emotional Abuse (MMEA; Murphy & Hoover, 1999) to study the impact question order had on self-reports of psychological aggression victimization and perpetration. Results demonstrated that women reported more frequent perpetration and victimization than men on some MMEA subscales. Furthermore, those who took the standardized format of the MMEA reported more frequent perpetration and victimization on some MMEA subscales than those who took the randomized format. However, no significant interaction effects were found between gender and format. Overall, these mixed results warrant further research on item order effects with self-report measures of intimate partner violence.
The Role of Empathy in Violent Intimate Relationships
Authors: Ulloa Emilio C. , Hammett Julia F.
Published: April 2016

This study employed a dyadic data analysis approach to examine the association between partners’ dispositional empathy and intimate partner violence (IPV). Data were collected from 1,156 couples, who were participants in Wave 3 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). For both IPV perpetration and IPV victimization, significant actor effects for men and significant partner effects for men to women emerged: Men who were less empathic were more likely to perpetrate IPV and to be victimized. Similarly, women whose men partners were less empathic were more likely to perpetrate IPV and to be victimized. Findings partially generalized to analyses assessing the associations between empathy and the different types of IPV (psychological, physical, sexual IPV, and occurrence of injury from IPV) separately. The present findings show that men’s levels of empathy may carry more weight in determining their own as well as their partners’ aggressive behaviors than do women’s levels of empathy.
Parcial Nephrectomies - results of 12 years from an Oncology Institution
Authors: Freitas Rui , Cruz Ricardo , Antunes Luís , Araújo Paulo , Silva Pedro , Saraiva Luis , Magalhães Sanches , Silva Vitor Moreira , Morais António , Lobo Francisco , Oliveira Jorge
Published: April 2016

Introduction: The diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma has been increasing in recent years, especially due to incidental cases, and thus indication for nephron-preserving surgery has also risen.
Objectives: To review a series of partial nephrectomies from an oncology institution namely technique features, survival and change in renal function.
Material and Methods: A retrospective analysis of all patients with renal tumors that were submitted to partial nephrectomy at our institution between January 2000 and December 2012.
Results: A total 156 partial nephrectomies were performed, 85 in men and 71 in women, with mean overall age of 62 ± 15 years. Surgical approach was transperitoneal laparoscopic in 23 cases with the remainder 133 through lumbotomy. Mean ischemic time was < 25 min in all patients and complication rate was 10.9 %, mostly corresponding grade 2 and 3 of the Clavien-Dindo scale. Mean tumor size was 2.9 ± 1.4 cm and the surgical margin was focally affected by tumor in 9.6% of cases. Histologically, 26.2% of cases corresponded to clear cell renal cell carcinoma, with oncocytomas being the most common benign neoplasm with 14.7% of the total. There were 4 cases of recurrence and one case death at follow-up. The mean change in estimated glomerular filtration rate was -5.3 mL/min per 1.73 m2 (p < 0.001). There was no association between warm ischemia time, body mass index, age, ASA score, presence of complications with this decrease in glomerular filtration rate.
Discussion: Our positive surgical margins cases were slightly above what is described in literature, however we didn’t find any predictive factor for such finding and ultimately there was no evidence of tumor recurrence or influence in survival in all these cases. Even though there was a significant decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate, warm ischemia time was very low and only five patients presented with de novo eGFR < 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2, and two patients started hemodialysis. A high volume center seems to be critical for technique optimization and complication management.
Conclusion: Our series of partial nephrectomies presents oncological results and preservation of renal function similar to those published in literature. This is a safe technique with good results, justifying its growth.

 
Post-Surgical Quality of Life, Psychological State and what Patients Think about the Effectiveness of Heller Myotomy in the Treatment of Achalasia
Authors: Vale-Fonseca Telma , Ferreira-Pinto Luis , Figueiredo-Braga Margarida , Carneiro Silvestre
Published: April 2016

Introduction: The disruption of esophageal motility that characterizes achalasia typically provokes dysphagia, pain, loss of weight and malnutrition. Therefore, patients frequently report a reduction in quality of life and negative emotional states. Laparoscopic Heller myotomy proved to be an effective therapy, enabling the resumption of good quality of life.
Material and Methods: The authors studied 45 patients previously submitted to laparoscopic Heller myotomy. Postoperative evaluation was performed using a customized version of the achalasia disease-specific quality of life questionnaire. Quality of life and the presence of depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Portuguese versions of the Medical Outcomes Study SF-36 and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.
Results: Thirty-one patients responded to the survey. Dysphagia was the main clinical symptom before surgery. A clear improvement in dysphagia, regurgitation, pain and weight loss was found after surgery (p < 0.001). The Mental Health domain of SF-36 presented a Pearson correlation coefficient of -0.689 with HADS-D and of -0.557 with HADS-A (p < 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively).
Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the Heller myotomy is associated with a good quality of life in patients with achalasia and strengthens the evidence that this is a safe and reliable procedure.
Impact of Compliance with a Sepsis Resuscitation Bundle in a Portuguese Emergency Department.
Authors: Carvas Joao Miguel , Canelas Cátia , Montanha Gustavo , Silva Carlos , Esteves Francisco
Published: April 2016

Introduction: Severe sepsis and septic shock are common conditions with high levels of morbi-mortality surpassing those of coronary heart disease or stroke. The reality of hospital treated sepsis is largely unknown outside of the intensive care unit. We therefore aimed to evaluate the level of compliance with the Surviving Sepsis Campaign 6-hour bundle in a Portuguese emergency department and to relate it to the patient clinical outcomes. 

Material and Methods: We conducted a retrospective, observational cohort study with 178 severe sepsis/septic shock patients admitted to the intensive and intermediate care unit between January 1st 2012 and December 31st 2012.

Results: In the study, period septic shock was diagnosed in 100 patients (56.2%) and severe sepsis in 78 patients (43.8%). Compliance with the sepsis bundle was: (1) 62.9% for lactate measurement; (2) 62.9% for blood cultures before antibiotics; (3) 41.6% for antibiotics in the first 3 hours; (4) 76.4% for fluid administration; (5) 25% for vasopressor administration; (6) 37% for central venous pressure measurement and (7) 39% for central venous oxygen saturation measurement. Full compliance was observed in 22% of the patients. The individual bundle measure - Blood cultures before antibiotics - was significantly associated with a decreased risk of both intensive care unit mortality and 28-day mortality. There was also a trend for an inverse correlation between increased compliance with the full bundle and the intensive care unit and 28-days hospital mortality.

Discussion: There was a low compliance with the Surviving Sepsis Campaign 6-hour bundle, a result that replicates the findings in similar international studies. The explanation is complex but it may include the lack of institutional quality monitoring in the emergency department.

Conclusions: The compliance with a sepsis resuscitation bundle starting in the emergency department was positively associated with the outcomes of the septic patients. Nonetheless the bundle was unreliably performed.

 
Cuestiones epistemológicas específicas de las ciencias sociales
Authors: Uña Juárez Octavio
Published: April 2016

Las ciencias sociales tratan de formular científicamente su acceso a la realidad social sin que la naturaleza misma o los sistemas formales matemáticos, lógicos o lingüísticos les sean ajenos; muy al contrario, con el explícito reconocimiento de una vinculación e interdependencia estrechas. No obstante, las ciencias sociales se presentan como una pluralidad no perfilada, sin criterios claros y distintos para aglutinarse bajo este concepto de conocimiento. Ante tal hecho varían las posiciones adoptadas.
Un análisis bibliométrico de la investigación sobre mujeres en la comunidad hispana
Authors: Peris Pascual María Dolores
Published: April 2016

El análisis bibliométrico tiene una gran conexión con el sociométrico puesto que se trata de encontrar, en la colectividad científica o social, las redes de influencia de las obras y acciones de un autor o grupo de autores, instituciones, revistas, escuelas o líneas temáticas. Parte del supuesto de que la ciencia es pública y está sujeta, como todo fenómeno social, a una organización que explica muchas de las producciones, así como de sus omisiones. La bibliometría analiza las comunicaciones científicas, consideradas por algunos autores (Ziman, 1968) la dimensión social e institucional de una ciencia, en cuanto que tan sólo el reconocimiento de los colectivos de la comunidad, a través del conocimiento público, le aportan tal consideración.
Las políticas de vejez en Castilla-La Mancha (1995-2005). Un posible escenario
Authors: Bleda José María
Published: April 2016

El presente artículo resume la investigación social que se ha realizado en la comunidad de Castilla-La Mancha, en el marco de la Universidad regional, con el fin de conocer los posibles escenarios futuros de las políticas sociales de vejez, en la sociedad castellano-manchega. Para alcanzar este objetivo se consultó, mediante encuesta longitudinal prospectiva y de opinión, a 160 personas seleccionadas entre los representantes políticos, sindicales, de asociaciones de ancianos y de organizaciones no gubernamentales, así como entre profesionales de los servicios sociales.
La mujer en la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
Authors: Rodríguez María Adela
Published: April 2016

En la última década, la integración escolar y laboral de la mujer se ha incrementado de forma progresiva, pero el logro de una plena e igualitaria participación presenta aún serios obstáculos en cualquier área profesional que analicemos, sobre todo en cuanto se refiere al acceso a puestos de alta responsabilidad.
La poesía de Julia de Burgos y la mujer
Authors: Román-Morales Belén
Published: April 2016

La poesía de la poeta puertorriqueña Julia de Burgos presenta una nueva forma de ser mujer. En sus versos se alza una voz de mujer que reclama su puesto dentro de la sociedad en que vive y dentro de la historia. Por razones de espacio sólo ha´re referencia a varios poemas, pero les invito a que conozcan más profundamente la lírica de tan importante poeta.
Estructuras sociales y alternativas políticas en América Latina
Authors: Maestre Alfonso Juan
Published: April 2016

La importancia y centralidad de las estructuras sociales se evidencian aún más en aquellas sociedades en las que los problemas sociales junto a factores culturales o históricos originan distancias y diferencias socioculturales agudas. Tal es el caso de América Latina donde se manifiestan, principalmente, dos tipos de estructura social: la evolucionada y la arcaica o tradicional. La pertenencia a una u otra posibilita o debilita las diversas opciones políticas y económicas. Su olvido o ignorancia por parte de los poderes públicos, así como la resolución del problema social aparecen como un defecto que resulta ineludible.
Cyborgs, mujeres y debates. El ciberfeminismo como teoría crítica
Authors: García Manso Almudena
Published: April 2016

Este trabajo platea la base de un movimiento, el ciberfeminismo, que está anclado a su propia realidad: Internet, y que intenta sintetizar su significado feminista, basado principalmente en la imagen Cyborg, y el significado que dicho movimiento le da a la realidad, vista a través de Internet, con el fin de transformarla de manera plástica, irónica y política.
The effect of Cattle Fat and Coconut Oil on the Blood LDL Cholesterol of the Chicken (Gallus gallus)
Authors: R Rusli , Nur Salim M.
Published: April 2016

This study was conducted to know the influence of cattle fat and coconut oil in affecting bloodLDL cholesterol. Eighteen male local chickens (Gallus gallus) at the age of 2 months were used. Thechickens were allotted into 3 groups of 6 each. The chickens in each groups were fed with 521 standardration (control groups); 9% cattle fat in standard ration 521 (group II); 9% coconut oil in standardration 521 (group III) for 45 days. All chickens were fed ration and drunk ad libitum every day. At theend of the experiment, the blood samples were collected for analysis blood LDL cholesterol withenzymatic methods using spectrophotometre. Analysis of variance with completely randomized designindicated that treatment significantly effect on blood LDL cholesterol (P0.01). From the results could beconcluded that cattle fat 9% supplementation could be increase blood LDL cholesterol levels. While coconut oil supplementation significantly effect on decrease blood LDL cholesterol levels. Keywords: cattle fat, coconut oil, LDL cholesterol
Genotypic Differences in Effects of Short Episodes of High‐Temperature Stress during Reproductive Development in Sorghum
Authors: Singh Vijaya , Nguyen Chuc T. , Yang Zongjian , Chapman Scott C. , van Oosterom Erik J. , Hammer Graeme L.
Published: April 2016

Recent studies on sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L) Moench] showed that episodes of high‐temperature stress around anthesis could adversely affect grain yield via effects on pollen germination with varying responses among genotypes. The objectives of this study were to determine the reproductive development phase most sensitive to heat stress and to determine whether genotypic differences in high‐temperature tolerance were associated with differences in either cardinal temperatures for pollen germination, the duration of the period of sensitivity to high temperatures, or the extent of the response to high temperature per se. To determine cardinal temperatures, pollen from six genotypes, differing in high‐temperature tolerance, was incubated on a gradient plate at temperatures between 10 and 40°C. To identify the critical period of high temperature sensitivity, plants of two genotypes with contrasting high‐temperature tolerance were grown under optimum (31 vs. 21°C) and high (38 vs. 21°C) day vs. night temperatures, with selected plants reciprocally transferred between the two temperatures for 5‐d periods from just before flag leaf full expansion until 20 d thereafter. Pollen germination, seed set, and grain yield were most sensitive to high temperatures immediately around anthesis. Effects on seed mass were smaller and independent of seed set. Genotypes differed in the magnitude of the response to high temperatures, rather than in the duration of the critical period, and the adverse effect of high temperatures increased with duration of exposure during this critical period. These differences were not associated with cardinal temperatures for pollen germination. These results could assist in identifying selection targets for crop improvement programs.
Yield Response to Early Defoliation in Spring‐Planted Canola
Authors: Syrovy Lena D. , Shirtliffe Steven J. , Zarnstorff Mark E.
Published: April 2016

Canola (Brassica napus L.) is a high‐value summer annual crop grown in the northern Great Plains of Canada and the United States. During the early stages of its life, the crop may lose leaf area as a result of spring hail storms, frost, herbicides, animal grazing, and insects. However, little information is available on the effect of defoliation during vegetative growth on yield for spring‐planted canola. To address this gap, a five site‐year study was conducted in central Saskatchewan, Canada, to test canola recovery from partial (50%) or full (100%) defoliation at five stages before flowering (2‐, 4‐, 6‐, 8‐, and 10‐leaf stages). Partially defoliated canola plots yielded, on average, 92% of untreated control plots, while fully defoliated canola yielded 75% of controls. The yield response to defoliation timings varied; in one site‐year yield loss was minimized with earlier timings, while in the remaining site‐years, seed yield response was inconsistent or unrelated to timing. Our study shows that partial or full defoliation of summer‐cropped canola at any point during vegetative growth is likely to cause a yield loss. However the crop's substantial compensation for loss of foliage means that reseeding is rarely profitable.
Identification of Two Duplicated Loci Controlling a Disease‐like Rugose Leaf Phenotype in Soybean
Authors: Wang Yaqi , Chen Wei , Zhang Ye , Liu Meifeng , Kong Jiejie , Yu Zheping , Jaffer Ali M. , Gai Junyi , Zhao Tuanjie
Published: April 2016

The disease‐like leaf mutant exhibits sensitive symptoms in the absence of pathogens and is an important experimental material for studying leaf development and pathogen resistance mechanisms in plants. We used 60Co γ ray irradiation treatment of a Japanese soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] plant introduction Tamahomore to obtain a new disease‐like mutant, designated NT301. The mutant leaves were significantly smaller and thicker than those of the wild‐type plant, with a reduction in leaf vein growth and increased growth of leaf mesophyll tissue. The surface of these rugose leaves resembled the symptoms of virus infection. Genetic analysis of two crosses between NT301 and the normal parents indicated that the rugose traits were controlled by two pairs of recessive duplicated genes, tentatively designated rl1 and rl2. We mapped rl1 between simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers BARCSOYSSR_18_0415 and BARCSOYSSR_18_0485 on chromosome 18. We mapped rl2 between BARCSOYSSR 08_1700 and Satt409 on chromosome 8, a region that is homoeologous to the rl1 position. We have inferred the possible process for creation of this induced mutant with double recessive genes. Our study will facilitate the gene cloning of rl1 and rl2, providing a new genetic stock for exploring the genetic mechanisms of leaf development and genome evolution in soybean.
Genotype × Environment Interaction and Stability Analysis for Watermelon Fruit Yield in the United States
Authors: Dia Mahendra , Wehner Todd C. , Hassell Richard , Price Daniel S. , Boyhan George E. , Olson Stephen , King Stephen , Davis Angela R. , Tolla Gregory E.
Published: April 2016

One of the major breeding objectives for watermelon (Citrullus lanatus [Thumb.] Matsum & Nakai) is improved fruit yield. High yielding genotypes have been identified, so we measured their stability for fruit yield and yield components over diverse environments. The objectives of this study were to (i) evaluate the yield of watermelon genotypes over years and locations, (ii) identify genotypes with high stability for yield, and (iii) measure the correlations among univariate and multivariate stability statistics. A diverse set of 40 genotypes was evaluated over 3 yr (2009, 2010, and 2011) and eight locations across the southern United States in replicated trials. Yield traits were evaluated over multiple harvests, and measured as marketable yield, fruit count, percentage cull fruit, percentage early fruit, and fruit size. There were strong effects of environment as well as genotype × environment interaction (G×E) on watermelon yield traits. Based on multiple stability measures, genotypes were classified as stable or unstable for yield. There was an advantage of hybrids over inbreds for yield components in both performance and responsiveness to favorable environments. Cultivars Big Crimson and Legacy are inbred lines with high yield and stability. A significant (P < 0.001) and positive correlation was measured for Shukla's stability variance (σi2), Shukla's squared hat (ŝi2), Wricke's ecovalence (Wi), and deviation from regression (S2d) for all the traits evaluated in this study.
Genetic Variation for Agronomic and Fiber Quality Traits in a Population Derived from High‐Quality Cotton Germplasm
Authors: Campbell B.T. , Greene J. , Wu J. , Jones D.C.
Published: April 2016

Genetic improvement of fiber quality is necessary to meet the requirements of processors and users of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fiber. To foster genetic improvement of cotton fiber quality, adequate genetic variation for the quantitatively inherited physical properties of cotton is required. Additionally, knowledge of the genetic architecture of fiber quality is needed to design effective breeding strategies to further improve fiber quality. In this study, our objective was to estimate genetic variance components and predict genetic effects for agronomic and fiber quality traits in a population derived from four known genotypic sources of high fiber quality. The majority of genetic variation present in a half‐diallel population derived from these four sources of high fiber quality was due to additive effects. Predicted genetic effects demonstrated that one of the four parents, MD 15, provides a unique genetic source of high fiber quality alleles that behave additively.
Stem Rust Resistance in ‘Jagger’ Winter Wheat
Authors: Turner M. Kathryn , Jin Yue , Rouse Matthew N. , Anderson James A.
Published: April 2016

‘Jagger’ has been used widely as a parent to develop hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties throughout the US southern Great Plains. Jagger has resistance to the stem rust pathogen race TTTTF, which is virulent to many winter wheat cultivars, yet the genetic basis of this resistance was unknown. Marker analysis and resistance to leaf rust and stripe rust demonstrated that Jagger has the 2NS/2AS translocation from T. ventricosum (Tausch) Ces., Pass. & Gilelli. This segment contains resistance genes Sr38, Lr37, and Yr17. Stem rust infection types on Jagger, however, indicated that an additional stem rust resistance gene is present. Jagger is resistant to TTTTF whereas the Sr38 stem rust differential line ‘VPM1’ is susceptible. A BC1F3 population developed from the cross Jagger/2*‘LMPG‐6’ was tested with race TTTTF. Resistant and susceptible DNA bulks were genotyped with a custom 9000 SNP Illumina iSelect Bead Chip using bulked segregant analysis. We identified a locus linked with the resistance gene on chromosome arm 4AL, where Sr7 is located. Crosses between Jagger BC1F3 lines resistant to TTTTF and germplasm with Sr7a identified no recombinants, indicating that resistance to TTTTF in Jagger could be conferred by Sr7a. We confirmed the effectiveness of Sr7a resistance to race TKTTF, which caused the stem rust epidemic in Ethiopia from 2013 to 2014. The molecular markers identified in this study may be used to screen for the resistance gene Sr7a and track its presence in breeding programs.
Reinventing Potato as a Diploid Inbred Line–Based Crop
Authors: Jansky Shelley H. , Charkowski Amy O. , Douches David S. , Gusmini Gabe , Richael Craig , Bethke Paul C. , Spooner David M. , Novy Richard G. , De Jong Hielke , De Jong Walter S. , Bamberg John B. , Thompson A. L. , Bizimungu Benoit , Holm David G. , Brown Chuck R. , Haynes Kathleen G. , Sathuvalli Vidyasagar R. , Veilleux Richard E. , Miller J. Creighton , Bradeen Jim M. , Jiang Jiming
Published: April 2016

The third most important food crop worldwide, potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a tetraploid outcrossing species propagated from tubers. Breeders have long been challenged by polyploidy, heterozygosity, and asexual reproduction. It has been assumed that tetraploidy is essential for high yield, that the creation of inbred potato is not feasible, and that propagation by seed tubers is ideal. In this paper, we question those assumptions and propose to convert potato into a diploid inbred line–based crop propagated by true seed. Although a conversion of this magnitude is unprecedented, the possible genetic gains from a breeding system based on inbred lines and the seed production benefits from a sexual propagation system are too large to ignore. We call on leaders of public and private organizations to come together to explore the feasibility of this radical and exciting new strategy in potato breeding.
X‐ray CT‐Derived Soil Characteristics Explain Varying Air, Water, and Solute Transport Properties across a Loamy Field
Authors: Paradelo Marcos , Katuwal Sheela , Moldrup Per , Norgaard Trine , Herath Lasantha , de Jonge Lis W.
Published: April 2016

Core Ideas

We used CT‐derived parameters to explain solute, water, and air transport at field scale.

CTmatrix was found to be the best parameter to explain solute transport.

Limiting macroporosity gave the highest correlations with water and air transport.

Combining macroporosity and CTmatrix improved the relationships of water and air flow.

The characterization of soil pore space geometry is important for explaining fluxes of air, water, and solutes through soil and understanding soil hydrogeochemical functions. X‐ray computed tomography (CT) can be applied for this characterization, and in this study CT‐derived parameters were used to explain water, air, and solute transport through soil. Forty‐five soil columns (20 by 20 cm) were collected from an agricultural field in Estrup, Denmark, and subsequently scanned using a medical CT scanner. Nonreactive tracer leaching experiments were performed in the laboratory along with measurements of air permeability (Ka) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat). The CT number of the matrix (CTmatrix), which represents the moist bulk density of the soil matrix, was obtained from the CT scans as the average CT number of the voxels in the grayscale image excluding macropores and stones. The CTmatrix showed the best relationships with the solute transport characteristics, especially the time by which 5% of the applied mass of tritium was leached, known as the 5% arrival time (t0.05). The CT‐derived macroporosity (pores >1.2 mm) was correlated with Ka and log10(Ksat). The correlation improved when the limiting macroporosity (the minimum macroporosity for every 0.6‐mm layer along the soil column) was used, suggesting that soil layers with the narrowest macropore section restricted the flow through the whole soil column. Water, air, and solute transport were related with the CT‐derived parameters by using a best subsets regression analysis. The regression coefficients improved using CTmatrix, limiting macroporosity, and genus density, while the best model for t0.05 used CTmatrix only. The scanning resolution and the time for soil structure development after mechanical activities could be factors that increased the uncertainty of the relationships. Nevertheless, the results confirmed the potential of X‐ray CT visualization techniques for estimating fluxes through soil at the field scale.
Combined Effect of Sodicity and Organic Matter on Soil Properties under Long‐Term Irrigation with Treated Wastewater
Authors: Assouline Shmuel , Narkis Kfir , Gherabli Rivka , Sposito Garrison
Published: April 2016

Core Ideas

We observed increasing sodicity hazard and a decreasing saturated soil hydraulic conductivity from treated wastewater irrigation.

All of the data on sodicity hazard could be incorporated into a single Gapon constant for calcium‐sodium exchange that depends on the ratio of soil DOC concentration to calcite content.

All the data on Ks could be incorporated in a single power‐law relationship involving the ratio of ESP to soil DOC concentration.

The increasing reuse of treated wastewater (WW) for irrigation brings with it a need to reconsider irrigation water quality criteria because of the expected lower quality of WW. In particular, the impacts of higher sodium and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations on soil permeability must be evaluated in practical field settings over long periods of WW reuse. Here we report the long‐term impact of WW reuse for irrigation on soils at three different semiarid‐zone field sites under row crop or orchard agriculture. The soils contain about 60% clay, dominated by smectite, and present an order of magnitude variation in calcite content (1–11%). In two of the sites, parcels irrigated with freshwater (FW) are available for comparison. Our results show an increasing sodicity hazard and a decreasing saturated soil hydraulic conductivity (Ks) from WW irrigation, although the depth profiles of soil chemical and physical properties were highly site‐specific. Despite this spatial variability, all of the data on sodicity hazard, represented by the relationship between exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and the soil sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), could be incorporated into a single Gapon constant for calcium–sodium exchange whose values depended uniformly on the ratio of soil DOC concentration to calcite content. Moreover, all of the data on Ks, for both FW and WW irrigation, could be incorporated into a single power‐law relationship involving the ratio of ESP to soil DOC. These two relationships unify complex interactions between sodicity and organic matter (OM) that influence soil permeability to yield simple correlations with predictive power. The main detrimental effect of WW application was related to sodicity hazard. Therefore, effort should be invested in reducing the SAR of WW for irrigation. This could be achieved, for example, by mixing WW with FW, including desalinized water, when and if available.
Analysis on Dynamic Response of Reinforced Concrete Frame for Resisting Progressive Collapse
Authors: Wang Tiecheng , Zhang Lei , Zhao Hailong , Chen Qingwei
Published: April 2016

In order to investigate the dynamic response of reinforced concrete spatial frames caused by initial damages, a six-story frame model is analyzed by employing the nonlinear dynamic methodology in accordance with the alternate path method issued by General Services Administration. In this paper, the fiber model and force-based beam-column element are utilized in OpenSees. Four various scenarios are separately analyzed with incremental dynamic analysis. It is shown that the model does not collapse and the internal force redistribution mainly appears in the components adjacent to the failure column. The model has the worst capacity to resist progressive collapse in the inner column demolition scenario. It is observed that the plastic hinges mainly concentrate on the beam ends of the failure bay at the beginning of the demolition of columns. Several plastic hinges emerge at the top-floor beam ends of some other bays in latter period. The number of plastic hinges in columns is much less than that in beams, which corresponds to the design principle ‘strong column and weak beam’.
Can something take place?
Authors: Krtolica Igor
Published: April 2016

First, starting from a text Deleuze and Guattari wrote in 1984 on the
aftermath of May 1968 in France (?May 68 Did Not Take Place?), this article
tries to analyze in what way this diagnosis - made in the middle of the
1980s, when what is now commonly called neo-liberalism was unfolding both in
America and in Europe - can apply to our current political situation.
Secondly, this analysis shows that maybe the very conditions of social
critique and social engagement are endangered today more than yesterday,
because of the new patterns of social restraint embodied by the evolution of
communication (especially television). Thirdly, the author asks the question:
therefore, under which conditions social critique and engagement are now
possible?
Do intellectuals matter?: Proposal for a study of influence
Authors: Pudar-Drasko Gazela
Published: April 2016

The paper strives to explore the (non)existence of influence of intellectuals
in society. Intellectuals are seen as a loose elite network of specific
social actors who possess advance knowledge or creativity recognized in the
cultural field of academia and/or art, hold a certain authority or power to
be heard in the public, and who are publicly engaged. The aim of the paper is
to fill the gap in the sociology of intellectuals and offer a possible
framework for empirical research of intellectuals? influence. This framework
is operationalized using three levels: self-evaluation of their own
influence, estimation of their social status and intellectual authority over
(primarily) elites, and finally external ?objectified? measures. The author
hereby calls on the testing of the proposed model and any proposals for its
improvement.
The possibilities and constraints of engaging solidarity in citizenship
Authors: Vasiljevic Jelena
Published: April 2016

In a broader sense, this article is interested in solidarity as a politically
operational concept. To be able to answer more general questions - like What
does it mean to base a political community on the principles of solidarity?
Can acts of solidarity be used not only to help (support) others, but with
the aim to change power relations and constitute new political orders as
well? - we must first situate solidarity in relation to some already
established frameworks of thinking about the political community. It is
within theories and models of citizenship that I want to situate my
exploration of the political value of solidarity in this paper. Firstly, if
we want to go beyond isolated gestures and actions of solidarity, to question
its general capacities for political reordering, we need to firmly anchor it
in broad concepts that capture the ideals and visions of political community.
Without a doubt, citizenship is one such concept. Secondly, there is hardly a
theory or approach to citizenship that does not presuppose some aspects of
solidarity as foundational. Finally, and closely related to the previous
point, citizenship and solidarity, although often conceptually intertwined,
form a paradoxical duo, reflecting further potential paradoxes that may arise
from endeavours to engage solidarity as a political principle. In short,
citizenship is a simultaneously inclusive and exclusive notion, incorporating
the idea that some sort of boundary encircles a body of citizens (most often,
but not exclusively, nation-state boundaries), despite the fact that
solidarity loses much of its meaning when expected to operate and be
exercised within certain imposed limits.
Activism and capitalism: On the forms of engagement
Authors: Matkovic Aleksandar
Published: April 2016

This short essay aims at providing an outline for a critical reflection on
the notion of activism and to bring to attention the significance for
distinguishing between different forms of engagement in contemporary
neoliberal societies. The article traces the history of the notion of
?activism? and argues that it went hand in hand with the reduction of
heterogeneous political activity to immediate generic action. In order to
counter such a reduction, the article relies on the work of Ellen Meiksins
Wood and her critical history of the development of the liberal conception of
citizenship. In conclusion, it will be argued that the conceptual
significance of the notion of capitalism is crucial for distinguishing
between different forms and figures of political activity - from the
?activist?, ?active citizen? and what Engin Isin termed ?activist
citizenship?.
Between the critical and the engaged: On the importance of studying symbolic aspects of the reproduction of social order
Authors: Petrovic-Trifunovic Tamara
Published: April 2016

Late 20th century developments in social sciences and humanities have placed
particular focus on the symbolic aspects of reproduction of social order,
stressing the importance of discursive work in the process. It has become
widely accepted that discourse is profoundly embedded in society and culture,
and hence, closely related also to all forms of power and social inequality.
Therefore, it rightfully assumes a central position among the research
objects of contemporary social sciences. The aim of this article is to
critically examine the impact of the interpretive turn on the study of
culture and symbolic registers of society. The analysis focuses on three
approaches to the study of discourse, culture and society: critical discourse
analysis, Pierre Bourdieu?s sociology of culture and Jeffrey Alexander?s
strong program in cultural sociology. These approaches are further analyzed
according to their position within Burawoy?s division of sociological labor,
particularly between critical and public (engaged) sociology. Finally, the
author suggests that engagement in detailed reconstructions of discursive
manifestations of power, symbolic struggles and/or discursive codes in a
society can provide valuable insight that could open up space for social
engagement. However, in order to fully grasp the importance of symbolic
aspects for the everyday reproduction of social order, the focus of analysis
must also be placed on the role cultural traits and practices (understood as
a discursive resources like any other) play in constructing stratificational
categories, identities and distinctions, masking the very roots of
inequalities that created the perceived cultural differences in the first
place.
Engagement against/for secrecy
Authors: Losoncz Mark
Published: April 2016

This essay discusses engagement against state secrecy and engagement for
secrecy, free from interference. By exploring divisions introduced by state
secrecy (through exclusion, subjection and oppression), it identifies the
distortions of equal participation in political communities. The author
introduces the notion of pata-politics in order to describe the false
relation to the secrecy effect. Furthermore, the text examines key issues of
today?s intelligence studies (such as democratic intelligence oversight and
the balance of powers doctrine), with special emphasis on the possible limits
of a liberal approach. Additionally, the author elaborates a metacritique of
the framework in which the private sphere is one-sidedly described as a
victim of wrong interference by state institutions.
Institutional social engagement
Authors: Prijic-Samarzija Snjezana
Published: April 2016

I am referring to social engagement as a value-based choice to actively
intervene in social reality in order to modify existing collective identities
and social practices with the goal of realizing the public good. The very
term ?engagement?, necessarily involves the starting awareness of a social
deficit or flaw and presupposes a critical attitude towards social reality.
In this article, I will attempt to provide arguments in favour of the thesis
about the possibility (and, later, necessity) of institutional engagement,
critical action and even institutional protest, basing this view on the
thesis that institutions are fundamentally collective or social agents whose
actions must be guided by ethical and epistemic virtues.
Postoperative visual recovery following surgical treatment of craniopharygiomas
Authors: Grkovic Desanka , Barisic Sava
Published: April 2016

Introduction. Craniopharyngiomas are rare tumors which are typically focused
in the sellar and suprasellar region. Secondary to mass effect, these tumors
commonly mediate neurologic, endocrinologic or visual functions. The purpose
of this study was to investigate the pre and postoperative visual acuity in
patients with a craniopharyngioma in the area of the optic chiasm. Material
and Methods. This retrospective study included 42 patients with a
craniopharyngioma demonstrated by computerized tomography or magnetic
resonance imaging. The visual status was analyzed both before and after
surgery (10 days, one month and six months after surgery). Results.
Progressive loss of visual acuity was a typical initial eye symptom.
Postoperatively, improvement in visual acuity was seen in 47.2% of eyes.
Normal vision was attained in the majority of eyes (from 27% preoperatively
to 40% six months after surgery). The percentage of eyes with heavily reduced
visual acuity decreased as well (from 38% preoperatively to 11% six months
after surgery). Visual acuity improved at least in one eye in 36.58% of
patients, and 28% of patients achieved normal visual acuity in both eyes, six
months after surgery. The improvement of 0.5 and better at least in one eye
was observed in 33% of patients. The majority of eyes showed immediate
improvement after surgical decompression, during first ten postoperative
days. Conclusions. The majority of patients with craniopharyngioma show a
significant improvement of visual function, particularly in the first ten
postoperative days.
The tibial aperture surface analysis in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction process
Authors: Milojevic Zoran , Tabakovic Slobodan , Vicevic Marija , Obradovic Mirko , Vranjes Miodrag , Milankov Miroslav
Published: April 2016

Introduction. The tibial tunnel aperture in the anterior cruciate ligament
reconstruction is usually analyzed as an ellipse, generated as an
intersection between a tibial plateau and a tibial bone tunnel. The aim of
this study is to show that the tibial tunnel aperture, which utilizes 3D
tibial surface bone model, differs significantly from common computations
which present the tibial tunnel anterior cruciate ligament aperture surface
as an ellipse. Material and Methods. An interactive program system was
developed for the tibial tunnel aperture analysis which included the real
tibia 3D surface bone model generated from a series of computed tomography
images of ten male patients, their mean age being 25 years. In aperture
calculation, the transverse drill angle of 10o was used, whereas sagittal
drill angles of 40o, 50o and 60o were used with the drill-bit diameter set to
10 mm. The real 3D and 2D tibial tunnel aperture surface projection was
calculated and compared with an ellipse. Results. According to the
calculations, generated 3D aperture surfaces were different for every patient
even though the same drill parameters were used. For the sagittal drill
angles of 40?, 50? and 60?, the mean difference between the projected 3D and
2D area on the tibial plateau was 19.6 ? 5.4%, 21.1 ? 8.0% and 21.3 ? 9.6%,
respectively. The difference between the projected 3D area on the tibial
plateau and ellipse surface was 54.8 ? 16.3%, 39.6 ? 10.4% and 25.0 ? 8.0%
for sagittal drill angles of 40?, 50? and 60?, respectively. Conclusion. The
tibial tunnel aperture surface area differs significantly from the ellipse
surface area, which is commonly used in the anterior cruciate ligament
reconstruction analysis. Inclusion of the 3D shape of the tibial attachment
site in the preoperative anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction planning
process can lead to a more precise individual anatomic anterior cruciate
ligament reconstruction on the tibial bone. Both tibial aperture area
generated in 3D and its projection on a tibial plateau are larger than the
ellipse surface; therefore, individual characteristics of each patient have
to be taken into consideration.
Variable neighborhood search for minimum linear arrangement problem
Authors: Mladenovic Nenad , Urosevic Dragan , Pérez-Brito Dionisio
Published: April 2016

The minimum linear arrangement problem is widely used and studied in many
practical and theoretical applications. It consists of finding an embedding
of the nodes of a graph on the line such that the sum of the resulting edge
lengths is minimized. This problem is one among the classical NP-hard
optimization problems and therefore there has been extensive research on
exact and approximative algorithms. In this paper we present an
implementation of a variable neighborhood search (VNS) for solving minimum
linear arrangement problem. We use Skewed general VNS scheme that appeared to
be successful in solving some recent optimization problems on graphs. Based
on computational experiments, we argue that our approach is comparable with
the state-of-the-art heuristic.
A review on fuzzy and stochastic extensions of the multi index transportation problem
Authors: Singh Sungeeta , Tuli Renu , Sarode Deepali
Published: April 2016

The classical transportation problem (having source and destination as
indices) deals with the objective of minimizing a single criterion, i.e. cost
of transporting a commodity. Additional indices such as commodities and modes
of transport led to the Multi Index transportation problem. An additional
fixed cost, independent of the units transported, led to the Multi Index
Fixed Charge transportation problem. Criteria other than cost (such as time,
profit etc.) led to the Multi Index Bi-criteria transportation problem. The
application of fuzzy and stochastic concept in the above transportation
problems would enable researchers to not only introduce real life
uncertainties but also obtain solutions of these transportation problems. The
review article presents an organized study of the Multi Index transportation
problem and its fuzzy and stochastic extensions till today, and aims to help
researchers working with complex transportation problems.
Lixisenatide: A New Member of the Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonist Class of Incretin Therapies
Authors: Shaefer Charles F.
Published: April 2016

In Brief In the past decade, various incretin-based therapies have emerged in clinical practice. These drugs, including dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists lower A1C with weight-neutral or weight-lowering effects and a relatively lower risk of hypoglycemia. This article provides a review of lixisenatide, a once-daily GLP-1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Advances in Insulin Therapy: A Review of New Insulin Glargine 300 Units/mL in the Management of Diabetes
Authors: White John R.
Published: April 2016

In Brief New insulin glargine 300 units/mL (Gla-300) is a formulation of insulin glargine that has a more constant pharmacokinetic profile with a prolonged duration of action. The EDITION clinical trial program showed that the use of Gla-300 leads to glycemic control comparable to that of insulin glargine 100 units/mL in a wide range of populations of people with diabetes. It is associated with comparable to less nocturnal confirmed or severe hypoglycemia and less weight gain, despite requiring a somewhat higher insulin dose than U-100. The distinct pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic and clinical profiles of Gla-300 may benefit a range of people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes.