bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Optoelectronic Sensing Real‐Time Glucose Detection Film Using Photonic Crystal Enhanced Rare Earth Fluorescence and Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Ju Ziyue , Wang Min , Chen Yitong , Wang Ziqi , Yang Mingming , Meng Fanbo , Lv Ruichan
Published: January 2025

In this research, a novel detection method employing rare‐earth upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP) as the core, coated with MnO2 nanosheets is designed, which formed a color and fluorescence dual‐responsive UCNP composite material, MnO2‐modified NaYF4:Yb,Tm@NaYF4. By enabling both colorimetric and fluorescence methods simultaneously, this composite material allows for the detection of glucose concentration under different conditions, while exhibiting strong resistance to environmental interference, chemical stability, and accuracy. To further enhance the sensitivity of the detection method, a photonic crystals (PCs)‐PDMS array where polymethyl methacrylate PCs are deposited onto a substrate composed of PDMS‐glass slice with hydrophobic surfaces is developed. This array can serve as a substrate that specifically reflected blue light while allowing other colors of light to pass through, which effectively reduced background signal interference and improved detection sensitivity (1.2 µm) with a wider linear range (20–800 µm). Finally, a portable fluorescence intensity detection device is designed to enhance the portability of the platform. Numerous experimental results demonstrated that this research significantly improved the sensitivity of glucose detection, providing new research directions for the field of fluid biomarker detectio.
Boosting Hot Electron Generation in Energy Center Embedded Metal–Organic Frameworks for Photocatalysis
Authors: Shi Tian , Li Zhihao , Shao Wei , Yang Chao , Wang Hui , Zhang Xiaodong , Xie Yi
Published: January 2025

The ligands in metal–organic framework (MOF) play as light absorption center and transfer photogenerated electrons to metal node through ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer (LMCT) during photocatalysis, and energy utilization efficiency is strongly restricted by the light inertness of ligands. Herein, a ligand updating strategy is proposed by inserting energy centers to MOFs to activate the inherent ligands, realizing boosting hot electron generation and photocatalytic activities via the cascaded proceeding of energy transfer and charge transfer. By taking PCN‐777 (a zeotype mesoporous Zr‐containing MOF) as an example, this study shows that the embedded energy center of 1‐pyrenecarboxylic acid (PCA) can activate the inherent ligand of PCN‐777 through triplet‐triplet energy transfer, where triplet excitons would dissociate into photocarriers migrating to the Zr metal cluster via LMCT process. As expected, PCN‐777‐PCA exhibits promising activity in metallaphotocatalytic C─N cross‐coupling reactions by offering abundant hot electrons for the involved dual photoredox cycles. This work provides a practical method for improving the photocatalytic application of MOFs by ligand updating.
Sweet Potato Starch Noodles Enriched With Tannin‐Rich Fraction From Pomegranate Rind: Physicochemical Properties, Structure, Stability, and In Vitro Starch Digestibility
Authors: Li Guanghui , Li Xiang , Gao Yifan , Guan Kaifang , Gao Xueli , Wang Yonghui , Guo Weiyun , He Shenghua , Huang Jihong
Published: January 2025

This study explored the effect of tannin‐rich fraction from pomegranate rind (TFPR) on the cooking and texture properties, structure, and digestibility of sweet potato starch noodles (SPSN). The antioxidant activity of SPSN during cooking and storage was also investigated. Results showed that TFPR increased cooking loss, rehydration ratio, swelling index, and broken rate, but decreased the hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, and chewiness of SPSN. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that SPSN containing TFPR was looser and contained more holes with bigger sizes. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction demonstrated that TFPR altered the short‐range ordered structure (R1047/1017: 1.76–0.56, R994/1017: 4.95–3.29) through noncovalent interaction and the long‐range ordered structure (crystallinity: 25.57%–19.39%). Moreover, TFPR decreased the rapidly digestible starch (41.01%–29.73%) and increased the resistant starch (18.00%–37.38%), leading to a drop in the digestive rate and GI (78.19–68.87) of SPSN. Boiling, steaming, microwaving, and storage decreased the antioxidant activity of SPSN‐containing TFPR. It demonstrated that TFPR altered the structure and digestibility of SPSN, and the stability of SPSN with TFPR was influenced by cooking methods and storage. These results provide valuable information on producing lower‐GI starchy foods based on pomegranate rinds.
Executive Summary
Authors: Surma Tim , Vanhees Claudio , Wils Michiel , Nijlunsing Jasper , Crato Nuno , Hattie John , Muijs Daniel , Rata Elizabeth , Wiliam Dylan , Kirschner Paul A.
Published: January 2025

Nearly all teachers and other stakeholders in education pursue a common aim: we want the students whom we teach and guide during their formative years to think deeply about what we teach them. We want them to be able to go beyond their current experiences and have a deep understanding of the world.
Prologue: Elements of a New Architecture of Experience and Science
Authors: Erlwein Hannah C. , Krause Katja
Published: January 2025

Revisiting Premodern Islamic Science and Experience seeks to answer two questions: What kind of experience constituted premodern Islamic science? And in what ways did that experience constitute science? Our answer to these questions is not reducible to experience as empirical methodor practice; neither the empirical methodnor any empiricalpractice exhaust the scope of premodern experience in its relevance for science. To illuminate that argument, we turn our gaze to where experience naturally arises: within the historical scientist. Specifically, we address what we call the subject-rootednessor subject-dependence of the scientist’s experience, be that scientist-subject historically real or idealized. By founding our story on the scientist—and the ways in which his experience was rooted in acquired skill, habit, expertise, and practice—we offer the history of science a solid foundation on which to build its analyses of premodern science and the scope and role of experience therein. Bracketed by an introduction that advances a new theoretical framework and an epilogue that reflects on the findings and their implications, this volume presents its argument through three chapters, each of which investigates the place of experience in one branch of premodern Islamic science: astrology, philosophical psychology, and theology.
The Influence of Incentive Alignment, Cost Sharing, and Responsible Action Scenario to Agriculture Supply Chain Performance in an Indonesian Study (Dynamic Simulation Approach)
Authors: Adriant Irayanti , Simatupang Togar Mangihut , Handayati Yuanita
Published: January 2025

This research investigates the dynamics of agricultural supply chains, specifically focusing on the broccoli supply chain, through a dynamic simulation approach. The study emphasizes the importance of incentive alignment, cost-sharing mechanisms and responsible actions in enhancing the performance and sustainability of agricultural practices. By examining various scenarios, the research highlights how cost-sharing can alleviate financial burdens on farmers, enabling them to invest in sustainable practices and improve their profitability. Additionally, the study explores the role of retailer incentives in motivating farmers to adopt better agricultural techniques, ultimately leading to higher quality produce and increased profits for all stakeholders involved. The findings underscore the necessity of collaboration and shared goals among supply chain actors to foster a more resilient and sustainable agricultural system, contributing to food security and environmental preservation.
Dissipative electrically driven fluids
Authors: Amoretti Andrea , Brattan Daniel K. , Martinoia Luca , Rongen Jonas
Published: January 2025

Abstract

We consider entropy generating flows for fluids that achieve a steady state in the presence of a driving electric field. Having chosen one among the space of stationarity constraints that define such flows we show how energy and momentum relaxation are related in the presence of dissipation. Furthermore, we find that if such a fluid obeys Onsager reciprocity then the incoherent conductivity must be identically zero and consequently makes no contribution to the observable AC or DC charge conductivities.
1d conformal field theory and dispersion relations
Authors: Carmi Dean , Ghosh Sudip , Sharma Trakshu
Published: January 2025

Abstract

We study conformal field theory in d = 1 space-time dimensions. We derive a dispersion relation for the 4-point correlation function of identical bosons and fermions, in terms of the double discontinuity. This extends the conformal dispersion relation of [1], which holds for CFTs in dimensions d ≥ 2, to the case of d = 1. The dispersion relation is obtained by combining the Lorentzian inversion formula with the operator product expansion of the 4-point correlator. We perform checks of the dispersion relation using correlators of generalised free fields and derive an integral relation between the kernel of the dispersion relation and that of the Lorentzian inversion formula. Finally, for 1-d holographic conformal theories, we analytically compute scalar Witten diagrams in AdS2 at tree-level and 1-loop.
ALP leptogenesis: non-thermal right-handed neutrinos from axions
Authors: Cataldi Martina , Mariotti Alberto , Sala Filippo , Vanvlasselaer Miguel
Published: January 2025

Abstract

We propose a novel realisation of leptogenesis that relies on the out-of-equilibrium decay of an axion-like particle (ALP) into right-handed Majorana neutrinos (RHNs) in the early Universe. With respect to standard thermal leptogenesis, our mechanism lowers by two orders of magnitude the RHN mass, or the tuning in the RHN mass splittings, needed to reproduce the baryon asymmetry of the Universe and neutrino masses. We find that ALP leptogenesis requires ma > 104 GeV and fa > 1011 GeV for the ALP mass and decay constant, and predicts an early period of matter domination induced by the ALP in parts of its parameter space. We finally provide a viable supersymmetric realisation of ALP leptogenesis where the ALP is the R-axion, which accommodates GeV gravitino dark matter and predicts RHN below 10 TeV.
Left-Right model with radiative double seesaw mechanism
Authors: Areyuna C. Paulo , Cárcamo Hernández A. E. , K. N. Vishnudath , Kovalenko Sergey , Pasechnik Roman , Schmidt Iván
Published: January 2025

Abstract

We propose an extended Left-Right symmetric model with an additional global U(1)X symmetry, which collapses to a residual subgroup ℤ2 after spontaneous symmetry breaking. In this model, the light active neutrino masses are generated via a double seesaw mechanism with the Dirac submatrix arising at one loop. In addition, the masses of the charged fermions of the Standard Model (SM) that are lighter than the top quark are generated at one loop level and the residual ℤ2 symmetry ensures the stability of the Dark Matter (DM) candidate of the model. To the best of our knowledge our model has the first implementation of the radiative double seesaw mechanism with the Dirac submatrix generated at one loop level. We show that the model can successfully account for the observed pattern of the SM fermion masses and mixing, and that it is compatible with constraints arising from the muon g-2 anomaly, neutrinoless double beta decay and DM.
Thermodynamics, magnetic properties, and global U(1) symmetry breaking of the S-type Gubser-Rocha model
Authors: Ishigaki Shuta , Xu Zhaojie
Published: January 2025

Abstract

We study an explicit formula for the thermodynamic potential of the AdS dyonic black brane solution with an axio-dilaton hair, which was discovered in an extension of the (3 + 1)d Gubser-Rocha model enjoying S-duality. From the thermodynamic potential, we can compute the magnetization and the magnetic susceptibilities of the dyonic solution. The result of the magnetization is negative implying that the system is diamagnetic. Subsequently, we consider a specific neutral limit of the dyonic solution. In this setup, we find that the system exhibits spontaneous breaking of a global U(1) symmetry. The order parameter is given by a complex operator which is dual to the axio-dilaton field in the bulk. Interestingly, the system has a finite Hall conductivity even in the absence of the external magnetic field, and it is related to the phase of the complex operator.
Gauging the diamond: integrable coset models from twistor space
Authors: Cole Lewis T. , Cullinan Ryan A. , Hoare Ben , Liniado Joaquin , Thompson Daniel C.
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Recent work has shown that certain integrable and conformal field theories in two dimensions can be given a higher-dimensional origin from holomorphic Chern-Simons in six dimensions. Along with anti-self-dual Yang-Mills and four-dimensional Chern-Simons, this gives rise to a diamond correspondence of theories. In this work we extend this framework to incorporate models realised through gaugings. As well as describing a higher-dimensional origin of coset CFTs, by choosing the details of the reduction from higher dimensions, we obtain rich classes of two-dimensional integrable models including homogeneous sine-Gordon models and generalisations that are new to the literature.
Systematic review of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for post-stroke hemiplegic shoulder pain
Authors: Ma Zhenchao , Pan Huijuan , Bi Ranran , Li Zhenhua , Lu Weichen , Wan Ping
Published: January 2025

Background

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has shown potential in alleviating hemiplegic shoulder pain (HSP) and improving upper limb function, yet its efficacy remains debated. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of rTMS for HSP through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods

Four databases were searched with the keywords “rTMS” and “HSP”. Adults aged 18 years and older with post-stroke HSP were included. The primary outcomes were pain scores and upper limb function scores, and the secondary outcomewas the incidence of adverse events. The risk of bias was assessed through the ROB tool in Review Manager 5.4.1, and statistical analysis was primarily conducted through this software.

Results

A total of 52 articles were identified from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and CNKI. Following literature screening, 11 studies were included in the analysis. The quality of the included studies was moderate.The studies encompassed 584 patients with post-stroke HSP and their average age was 62. The analysis revealed that rTMSwas significantly more effective in relieving pain compared to the control group (SMD = -1.14, p < 0.01), and low-frequency rTMSwas superior to high-frequency rTMS. In terms of improving upper limb function, rTMSwas also significantly more efficacious compared to the control group (SMD = 2.20, p < 0.01), and low-frequency and high-intensity rTMSwere more beneficial.

Conclusions

This study highlights the potential efficacy of rTMS. However, the heterogeneity among included studies, limited sample sizes, and lack of long-term follow-up data restrict the generalizability of the results.
TemperatureGAN: generative modeling of regional atmospheric temperatures
Authors: Balogun Emmanuel , Rajagopal Ram , Majumdar Arun
Published: January 2025

Stochastic generators are useful for estimating climate impacts on various sectors. Projecting climate risk in various sectors, e.g. energy systems, requires generators that are accurate (statistical resemblance to ground-truth), reliable (do not produce erroneous examples), and efficient. Leveraging data from the North American Land Data Assimilation System, we introduce TemperatureGAN, a Generative Adversarial Network conditioned on months, regions, and time periods, to generate 2 m above ground atmospheric temperatures at an hourly resolution. We propose evaluation methods and metrics to measure the quality of generated samples. We show that TemperatureGAN produces high-fidelity examples with good spatial representation and temporal dynamics consistent with known diurnal cycles.
Modeling snow on sea ice using physics-guided machine learning
Authors: Prasad Ayush , Merkouriadi Ioanna , Nummelin Aleksi
Published: January 2025

Snow is a crucial element of the sea ice system, affecting the sea ice growth and decay due to its low thermal conductivity and high albedo. Despite its importance, present-day climate models have a very idealized representation of snow, often including just one-layer thermodynamics, omitting several processes that shape its properties. Even though sophisticated snow process models exist, they tend to be excluded in climate modeling due to their prohibitive computational costs. For example, SnowModel is a numerical snow process model developed to simulate the evolution of snow depth and density, blowing snow redistribution and sublimation, snow grain size, and thermal conductivity in a spatially distributed, multilayer snowpack framework. SnowModel can simulate snow distributions on sea ice floes in high spatial (1-m horizontal grid) and temporal (1-hour time step) resolution. However, for simulations spanning over large regions, such as the Arctic Ocean, high-resolution runs face challenges of slow processing speeds and the need for large computational resources. To address these common issues in high-resolution numerical modeling, data-driven emulators are often used. However, these emulators have their caveats, primarily a lack of generalizability and inconsistency with physical laws. In our study, we address these challenges by using a physics-guided approach in developing our emulator. By integrating physical laws that govern changes in snow density due to compaction, we aim to create an emulator that is efficient while also adhering to essential physical principles. We evaluated this approach by comparing three machine learning models: long short-term memory (LSTM), physics-guided LSTM, and Random Forest, across five distinct Arctic regions. Our evaluations indicate that all models achieved high accuracy, with the physics-guided LSTM model demonstrating the most promising results in terms of accuracy and generalizability. Our approach offers a computationally faster way to emulate the SnowModel with high fidelity and a speedup of over 9000 times.
A temporal stochastic bias correction using a machine learning attention model
Authors: Nivron Omer , Wischik Damon J. , Vrac Mathieu , Shuckburgh Emily , Archibald Alex T.
Published: January 2025

Climate models are biased with respect to real-world observations. They usually need to be adjusted before being used in impact studies. The suite of statistical methods that enable such adjustments is called bias correction (BC). However, BC methods currently struggle to adjust temporal biases. Because they mostly disregard the dependence between consecutive time points. As a result, climate statistics with long-range temporal properties, such as the number of heatwaves and their frequency, cannot be corrected accurately. This makes it more difficult to produce reliable impact studies on such climate statistics. This article offers a novel BC methodology to correct temporal biases. This is made possible by rethinking the philosophy behind BC. We will introduce BC as a time-indexed regression task with stochastic outputs. Rethinking BC enables us to adapt state-of-the-art machine learning (ML) attention models and thereby learn different types of biases, including temporal asynchronicities. With a case study of number of heatwaves in Abuja, Nigeria and Tokyo, Japan, we show more accurate results than current climate model outputs and alternative BC methods.
Examples of ergodic cylindrical cascades over a two-dimensional torus
Authors: ABDEDOU FATNA , WU HAO
Published: January 2025

A cylindrical cascade on

$\mathbb {T}^d\times \mathbb {R}^r$

can be seen as a deterministic random walk on

$\mathbb {R}^r$

driven by an observable over the irrational toral translation on the base torus. We prove that, when the observable is the indicator function of a generic (straight) rectangle in

$\mathbb {T}^2$

, the cascade on

$\mathbb {T}^2\times \mathbb {R}$

is ergodic for a

$G_{\delta }$

-dense set of translation vectors. We also provide examples of ergodic cylindrical cascades in higher dimensions with more restrictive conditions on the side lengths of the rectangles.
A 606 W burst-mode picosecond Yb-doped all-fiber laser with an intra-burst repetition rate of 469 MHz
Authors: Li Xinyao , Yu Haijuan , Zou Shuzhen , He Chaojian , Ning Chaoyu , Wu Wenjuan , Chen Xuechun , Lin Xuechun
Published: January 2025

This paper introduces a novel fiber-based picosecond burst-mode laser system capable of operating at high power and high repetition rates. A pulse-circulating fiber ring was developed as a burst generator, achieving an intra-burst repetition rate of 469 MHz without the need for a high-repetition-rate seed source. This design also allows for flexible adjustment of the number of sub-pulses, burst repetition rate and burst shape. In addition, a master oscillator power amplifier was employed to analyze the amplification characteristics of bursts. The system demonstrated a maximum average power of 606 W, with a measured sub-pulse duration of 62 ps and the highest sub-pulse peak power of 980 kW. To the best of our knowledge, this marks the highest average power obtained in burst-mode ultrafast lasers. Such a laser system holds potential for applications in precision manufacturing, high-speed imaging, high-precision ranging and other diverse domains.
A Common Denominator? Epistemic Systems Bridge Epistemic Relativism and Epistemic Oppression
Authors: Veigl Sophie Juliane
Published: January 2025

The relation between epistemic relativism and epistemic oppression is contentious but undertheorized. Both positions rest on one or the other version of the situated knowledge thesis, based on the idea that access to and justification of knowledge is dependent on a particular context or, to be precise, an epistemic system. Whether this notion is coextensive in both schools of thought is, however, unclear. In this article, I aim to examine the relation between epistemic relativism and epistemic oppression by analyzing the notion of “epistemic system.” Through this analysis, I shall argue that the epistemic relativism literature has neglected power imbalances within epistemic systems since it rests on idealizing epistemic systems to sets of epistemic principles. Understanding epistemic systems as necessarily social and political, I then confront the idea formulated in the epistemic oppression literature that some forms of oppression are “irreducibly epistemic.” I argue that epistemic principles can never fully determine their applications and thus essentially require the social. Thus, insisting on the “irreducibly epistemic” might not be a favorable option for epistemic oppression or epistemic relativism scholarship.
Diet diversity score might be associated with reproductive health in women and infant outcomes: a systematic review
Authors: Ahmadi Paniz , Bayat Niloofar , Abbasi Behnood
Published: January 2025

Lifestyle and diet may affect the reproductive cycle. A dietary index called Diet Diversity Score (DDS) may be related to various reproductive outcomes. The present review aims to look over and conclude the prior studies on the relationship between the diversity of food ingredients and issues related to reproductive health and pregnancy. In the case of this relationship, our findings can increase clinical knowledge and help recommend a well-balanced diet for the target group. A comprehensive search was performed in major databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, and Scientific Information Database until March 2024. This research was combined with a search of Elsevier and SpringerLink databases, which led to the inclusion of relevant articles in this review. Our study was conducted based on 27 articles from 2012 to 2023, all containing a possible link between dietary diversity and reproductive complications. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale quality assessment was used to evaluate the quality of included studies. Due to our results, a higher score in DDS, which led to an increased intake of major nutrients and a greater variety of foods, was correlated with a lower risk of reproductive health disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome, maternal anaemia, and maternal bone status, as well as a reduced likelihood of certain birth outcomes, including low-birth weight infants, Apgar score and congenital heart defect. These findings highlight the importance of improving the DDS for maternal and infant health.
Temporal variations in the ice volume of Xiao Dongkemadi Glacier, central Tibetan Plateau, from 1969 to 2020
Authors: Chen An’an , Wang Ninglian , Li Zhen , Wu Yuwei , Jiang Xi , Guo Zhongming , Wu Xuejiao , Yang Xuewen
Published: January 2025

Glaciers play a crucial role in the Asian Water Tower, underscoring the necessity of accurately assessing their mass balance and ice volume to evaluate their significance as sustainable freshwater resources. In this study, we analyzed ground-penetrating radar (GPR) measurements from a 2020 survey of the Xiao Dongkemadi Glacier (XDG) to determine ice thickness, and we extended the glacier’s volume-change record to 2020 by employing multi-source remote-sensing data. Our findings show that the GPR-derived mean ice thickness of XDG in 2020 was 54.78 ± 3.69 m, corresponding to an ice volume of 0.0811 ± 0.0056 km3. From 1969 to 2020, the geodetic mass balance was −0.19 ± 0.02 m w.e. a−1, and the glacier experienced area and ice volume losses of 16.38 ± 4.66% and 31.01 ± 4.59%, respectively. The long-term mass-balance reconstruction reveals weak fluctuations occurred from 1967 to 1993 and that overall mass losses have occurred since 1994. This ongoing shrinkage and ice loss are mainly associated with the temperature increases in the warm season since the 1960s. If the climate trend across the central Tibetan Plateau follows to the SSP585 scenario, then XDG is at risk of disappearing by the end of the century.
Oxygen isotope composition of teeth suggests endothermy and possible migration in some Late Cretaceous shark taxa from the Gulf Coastal Plain, USA
Authors: Comans Chelsea M. , Tobin Thomas S. , Totten Rebecca L.
Published: January 2025

We analyzed the oxygen isotope composition of biogenic apatite phosphate (δ18Op) in fossil tooth enameloid to investigate the paleoecology of Late Cretaceous sharks in the Gulf Coastal Plain of Alabama, USA. We analyzed six different shark taxa from both the Mooreville Chalk and the Blufftown Formation. We compared shark δ18Op with the δ18Op of a co-occurring poikilothermic bony fish Enchodus petrosus as a reference for ambient conditions. Enchodus petrosus tooth enamel δ18Op values are similar between formations (21.3‰ and 21.4‰ Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water [VSMOW], respectively), suggesting minimal differences in water δ18O between formations. Most shark taxa in this study are characterized by δ18Op values that overlap with E. petrosus values, indicating they likely lived in similar habitats and were also poikilothermic. Ptychodus mortoni and Cretoxyrhina mantelli exhibit significantly lower δ18Op values than co-occurring E. petrosus (P. mortoni δ18Op is 19.1‰ VSMOW in the Mooreville Chalk; C mantelli δ18Op is 20.2‰ VSMOW in the Mooreville Chalk and 18.1‰ VSMOW in the Blufftown Formation). Excursions into brackish or freshwater habitats and thermal water-depth gradients are unlikely explanations for the lower P. mortoni and C. mantelli δ18Op values. The low P. mortoni δ18Op value is best explained by higher body temperature relative to surrounding temperatures due to active heating (e.g., mesothermy) or passive heating due to its large body size (e.g., gigantothermy). The low C. mantelli δ18Op values are best explained by a combination of mesothermy (e.g., active heating) and migration (e.g., from the Western Interior Seaway, low-latitude warmer waters, or the paleo–Gulf Stream), supporting the hypothesis that mesothermy evolved in lamniform shark taxa during the Late Cretaceous. If the anomalous P. mortoni δ18Op values are also driven by active thermoregulation, this suggests that mesothermy evolved independently in multiple families of Late Cretaceous sharks.
Historical myths are believed because audiences are socially motivated
Authors: Shao Shuai , Barlev Michael
Published: January 2025

Do people believe in historical myths because they are manipulated by coalitional recruiters, or because it is in their interests to do so? The target article gives somewhat conflicting explanations. We propose that the audiences of historical myths are socially rather than epistemically motivated – they believe and propagate historical myths as a way of signaling their coalitional commitments.
Historical myths as commitment devices
Authors: Blancke Stefaan
Published: January 2025

Sijilmassi et al. claim that historical myths are technologies of recruitment that mimic cues of fitness interdependence. Paradoxically, they also claim that people are vigilant and that these myths might not and do not have to convince others, which raises questions about how these myths become culturally successful. Thinking about historical myths as commitment devices helps overcome this paradox.
What about language?
Authors: Benítez-Burraco Antonio
Published: January 2025

Myths about a remote shared past can certainly promote cooperation between distantly related people, seemingly via their impact on our social cognition, and ultimately facilitate the achievement of complex tasks in large-scale societies. Nonetheless, the creation and transmission of these complex narratives are not possible without the parallel development of sophisticated language(s), endowed with properties like displacement (enabling mental travels in space and time) and complex syntax (enabling the assembly and communication of complex thoughts).
Hedges of the Second Republic: firms, equity investors and political uncertainty in a nascent democracy, 1930–1936
Authors: Battilossi Stefano , Houpt Stefan O.
Published: January 2025

We study how Spanish equity investors assessed firms’ exposure to political risk during the regime change of the 1930s. We show that shifts in political uncertainty regularly predicted a general deterioration of future investment opportunities in the stock market. However, we also find that firms differed in their sensitivity to uncertainty, reflecting important differences in their perceived exposures to political risk. The negative impact of uncertainty was significantly milder for firms with political connections to republican parties. The price of some stocks increased in periods of heightened uncertainty, thus allowing investors to hedge against reinvestment risk. In the case of firms that became targets of hostile political actions, we observe that investors frequently adjusted their assessment of individual stocks to changes in firm-specific political circumstances. Over the whole period of the Second Republic, investors' systematic preference for safer equity hedges led to a continuous decline in the price of stocks perceived as more exposed to political risk.
A dual-stage system for real-time license plate detection and recognition on mobile security robots
Authors: Ismail Amir , Mehri Maroua , Sahbani Anis , Essoukri Ben Amara Najoua
Published: January 2025

Automatic license plate recognition (ALPR) systems are increasingly used to solve issues related to surveillance and security. However, these systems assume constrained recognition scenarios, thereby restricting their practical use. Therefore, we address in this article the challenge of recognizing vehicle license plates (LPs) from the video feeds of a mobile security robot by proposing an efficient two-stage ALPR system. Our ALPR system combines the on-the-shelf YOLOv7x model with a novel LP recognition model, called vision transformer-based LP recognizer (ViTLPR). ViTLPR is based on the self-attention mechanism to read character sequences on LPs. To ease the deployment of our ALPR system on mobile security robots and improve its inference speed, we also propose an optimization strategy. As an additional contribution, we provide an ALPR dataset, named PGTLP-v2, collected from surveillance robots patrolling several plants. The PGTLP-v2 dataset has multiple features to cover chiefly the in-the-wild scenario. To evaluate the effectiveness of our ALPR system, experiments are carried out on the PGTLP-v2 dataset and five benchmark ALPR datasets collected from different countries. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our proposed ALPR system outperforms state-of-the-art baselines.
Meeting Report: International Magnetosphere Coupling IV (IMC‐IV) Workshop GFZ‐Potsdam, Germany, 2–7 June 2024
Authors: Himmelsbach Julia , Shprits Yuri Y.
Published: January 2025

The International Magnetospheric Coupling (IMC‐IV) Workshop was held from 2–7 June 2024, at GFZ‐Potsdam, Germany and convened over 140 scientists to explore the solar wind and magnetosphere‐ionosphere‐thermosphere coupling. The workshop included eight sessions on topics ranging from solar wind, planetary magnetospheres, wave‐particle interactions to the ionosphere and upper atmosphere, and applications for space weather. Key subjects such as the need for advanced modeling, new satellite missions for validation, and the importance of understanding small and large‐scale space phenomena were emphasized by the participants. Two topical discussions focused on space weather awareness in Germany, and the future of Heliophysics research in Europe. The workshop concluded with recommendations for improved international mission coordination, better scientific communication, and enhanced public outreach through visualization tools. This meeting and the report pave the way for the formation of the European Heliophysics Community.
Expert consensus on apical microsurgery
Authors: Wang Hanguo , Xu Xin , Bian Zhuan , Liang Jingping , Chen Zhi , Hou Benxiang , Qiu Lihong , Chen Wenxia , Wei Xi , Hu Kaijin , Wang Qintao , Wang Zuhua , Li Jiyao , Huang Dingming , Wang Xiaoyan , Huang Zhengwei , Meng Liuyan , Zhang Chen , Xie Fangfang , Yang Di , Yu Jinhua , Zhao Jin , Pan Yihuai , Pan Shuang , Yang Deqin , Niu Weidong , Zhang Qi , Deng Shuli , Ma Jingzhi , Meng Xiuping , Yang Jian , Wu Jiayuan , Du Yi , Ling Junqi , Yue Lin , Zhou Xuedong , Yu Qing
Published: January 2025

Apical microsurgery is accurate and minimally invasive, produces few complications, and has a success rate of more than 90%. However, due to the lack of awareness and understanding of apical microsurgery by dental general practitioners and even endodontists, many clinical problems remain to be overcome. The consensus has gathered well-known domestic experts to hold a series of special discussions and reached the consensus. This document specifies the indications, contraindications, preoperative preparations, operational procedures, complication prevention measures, and efficacy evaluation of apical microsurgery and is applicable to dentists who perform apical microsurgery after systematic training.
The guided fire from within: intratumoral administration of mRNA-based vaccines to mobilize memory immunity and direct immune responses against pathogen to target solid tumors
Authors: Li Renhao , Hu Jing-Chu , Rong Li , He Yige , Wang Xiaolei , Lin Xuansheng , Li Wenjun , Wu Yangfan , Kuwentrai Chaiyaporn , Su Canhui , Yau Thomas , Hung Ivan Fan-Ngai , Gao Xiang , Huang Jian-Dong
Published: January 2025

We investigated a novel cancer immunotherapy strategy that effectively suppresses tumor growth in multiple solid tumor models and significantly extends the lifespan of tumor-bearing mice by introducing pathogen antigens into tumors via mRNA-lipid nanoparticles. The pre-existing immunity against the pathogen antigen can significantly enhance the efficacy of this approach. In mice previously immunized with BNT162b2, an mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine encoding the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, intratumoral injections of the same vaccine efficiently tagged the tumor cells with mRNA-expressed spike protein. This action rapidly mobilized the pre-existing memory immunity against SARS-CoV-2 to kill the cancer cells displaying the spike protein, while concurrently reprogramming the tumor microenvironment (TME) by attracting immune cells. The partial elimination of tumor cells in a normalized TME further triggered extensive tumor antigen-specific T cell responses through antigen spreading, eventually resulting in potent and systemic tumor-targeting immune responses. Moreover, combining BNT162b2 treatment with anti-PD-L1 therapy yielded a more substantial therapeutic impact, even in “cold tumor” types that are typically less responsive to treatment. Given that the majority of the global population has acquired memory immunity against various pathogens through infection or vaccination, we believe that, in addition to utilizing the widely held immune memory against SARS-CoV-2 via COVID-19 vaccine, mRNA vaccines against other pathogens, such as Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Common Human Coronaviruses (HCoVs), and the influenza virus, could be rapidly transitioned into clinical use and holds great promise in treating different types of cancer. The extensive selection of pathogen antigens expands therapeutic opportunities and may also overcome potential drug resistance.
KIF1C activates and extends dynein movement through the FHF cargo adapter
Authors: Abid Ali Ferdos , Zwetsloot Alexander J. , Stone Caroline E. , Morgan Tomos E. , Wademan Richard F. , Carter Andrew P. , Straube Anne
Published: January 2025

Cellular cargos move bidirectionally on microtubules by recruiting opposite polarity motors dynein and kinesin. These motors show codependence, where one requires the activity of the other, although the mechanism is unknown. Here we show that kinesin-3 KIF1C acts as both an activator and a processivity factor for dynein, using in vitro reconstitutions of human proteins. Activation requires only a fragment of the KIF1C nonmotor stalk binding the cargo adapter HOOK3. The interaction site is separate from the constitutive factors FTS and FHIP, which link HOOK3 to small G-proteins on cargos. We provide a structural model for the autoinhibited FTS–HOOK3–FHIP1B (an FHF complex) and explain how KIF1C relieves it. Collectively, we explain codependency by revealing how mutual activation of dynein and kinesin occurs through their shared adapter. Many adapters bind both dynein and kinesins, suggesting this mechanism could be generalized to other bidirectional complexes.
Molecular basis of human nuclear and mitochondrial tRNA 3′ processing
Authors: Bhatta Arjun , Kuhle Bernhard , Yu Ryan D. , Spanaus Lucas , Ditter Katja , Bohnsack Katherine E. , Hillen Hauke S.
Published: January 2025

Eukaryotic transfer RNA (tRNA) precursors undergo sequential processing steps to become mature tRNAs. In humans, ELAC2 carries out 3′ end processing of both nucleus-encoded (nu-tRNAs) and mitochondria-encoded (mt-tRNAs) tRNAs. ELAC2 is self-sufficient for processing of nu-tRNAs but requires TRMT10C and SDR5C1 to process most mt-tRNAs. Here we show that TRMT10C and SDR5C1 specifically facilitate processing of structurally degenerate mt-tRNAs lacking the canonical elbow. Structures of ELAC2 in complex with TRMT10C, SDR5C1 and two divergent mt-tRNA substrates reveal two distinct mechanisms of pre-tRNA recognition. While canonical nu-tRNAs and mt-tRNAs are recognized by direct ELAC2–RNA interactions, processing of noncanonical mt-tRNAs depends on protein–protein interactions between ELAC2 and TRMT10C. These results provide the molecular basis for tRNA 3′ processing in both the nucleus and the mitochondria and explain the organelle-specific requirement for additional factors. Moreover, they suggest that TRMT10C–SDR5C1 evolved as a mitochondrial tRNA maturation platform to compensate for the structural erosion of mt-tRNAs in bilaterian animals.
Ultrathin transition metal oxychalcogenide catalysts for oxygen evolution in acidic media
Authors: Xu Wenshuo , Wu Yao , Xi Shibo , Wang Yan , Wang Ye , Ke Yuxuan , Ding Lingtong , Wang Xiao , Yang Jieun , Zhang Wenjing , Loh Kian Ping , Ding Feng , Liu Zheng , Chhowalla Manish
Published: January 2025

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) exfoliated from bulk layered materials possess interesting properties. Most transition metal oxides are not layered and therefore cannot be exfoliated. Here we report the synthesis of a family of ultrathin materials—transition metal oxychalcogenides (TMOCs)—and demonstrate their unique properties. Two-dimensional TMOCs (MX
x
O
y
, M = group IV or V transition metal, X = chalcogen, O = oxygen; x, y = 0–2) from bulk transition metal dichalcogenides (MX2) have been fabricated using tetrabutylammonium intercalation. The stoichiometry of TMOCs can be adjusted, which enables control of their optical bandgaps and tunability of electrical conductivity by more than eight orders of magnitude. By tuning the chalcogen-to-oxygen ratio along with local atomic structure in TMOCs, it is possible to impart unexpected properties. For example, in contrast to conventional TMDs, the hybrid structure of TMOCs renders them surprisingly stable and electrochemically active in strong acids, allowing them to be used as proof-of-concept catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction at pH ≈ 0. The HfS0.52O1.09 catalyst shows high mass activity (103,000 A g−1 at an overpotential of 0.5 V) and exhibits durability in proton exchange membrane water electrolysers.
Host–guest recognition-mediated reversible and orthogonal regulation of DNAzyme activity
Authors: Xiao Lin , Zhu Haitao , Gao Yanmei , Xu Liang
Published: January 2025

The host–guest recognition system is incorporated into the core region of the 10–23 DNAzyme for precise regulation of its cleavage functionality in test tubes and living cells.
Seasonal effect of PM2.5 exposure in patients with COPD: a multicentre panel study
Authors: Huh Jin-Young , Kim Hajeong , Park Shinhee , Ra Seung Won , Kang Sung-Yoon , Jung Bock Hyun , Kim Mihye , Lee Sang Min , Lee Sang Pyo , Lamichhane Dirga Kumar , Park Young-Jun , Lee Seon-Jin , Lee Jae Seung , Oh Yeon-Mok , Kim Hwan-Cheol , Lee Sei Won
Published: January 2025

Higher PM2.5 levels, particularly in winter, are associated with worsened COPD outcomes, including increased exacerbations and poorer SGRQ-C scores.
Boosting engineering strategies for plastic hydrocracking applications: a machine learning-based multi-objective optimization framework
Authors: Ma Zhe , Zhang Zhibo , Wang Changyuan , Cao Jianlin , Liu Yibin , Yan Hao , Zhou Xin , Feng Xiang , Chen De
Published: January 2025

A novel waste plastic pyrolysis oil hydrocracking process uniquely integrating process simulation with advanced deep learning models for multi-objective optimization.
Proteomic analysis reveals anticancer mechanisms of Bhallataka taila in inhibiting lung cancer progression and metastasis
Authors: G. P. Suchitha , Rai Akhila B. , Pervaje Ravishankar , Kotimoole Chinmaya Narayana , Modi Prashant Kumar , Keshava Prasad T. S. , Dagamajalu Shobha
Published: January 2025

Bhallataka taila slows lung cancer progression by reducing proliferation, migration, and EMT while enhancing apoptosis. Proteomic analysis reveals the regulation of vital pathways involved in metastasis, invasion, and EMT.
Exploration of novel triazolo-thiadiazine hybrids of deferasirox as multi-target-directed anti-neuroinflammatory agents with structure–activity relationship (SAR): a new treatment opportunity for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Shakir Syed Ahmed , Rashid Umer , Marryum  , Fatima Nighat , Ejaz Syeda Abida , Fayyaz Ammara , Ullah Muhammad Zahid , Saeed Aamer , Khan Ajmal , Al Harrasi Ahmed , Mumtaz Amara
Published: January 2025

We present a thorough evaluation of deferasirox derivative drugs that can interact with many targets by utilizing a mix of several pharmacophores for Alzheimer's treatment.
Design, synthesis, anticancer activity and molecular docking of quinoline-based dihydrazone derivatives
Authors: Lu Jia-Xing , Lan Hai-Rong , Zeng Dai , Song Jun-Ying , Hao Ya-Ting , Xing Ai-Ping , Shen Ao , Yuan Juan
Published: January 2025

Quinoline-based dihydrazone derivative 3b showed multiple anticancer mechanisms. 3b could not only induce apoptosis of MCF-7 cells and bind to DNA , but also act as a CDK2 inhibitor.
Enhanced physicochemical properties of chitosan films with in situ generation of kafirin particles: optimization via response surface methodology
Authors: Cao Aoguo , Huang Dajian , Wang Zhehui , Hu Binbin , Qiang Xiaohu
Published: January 2025

Biodegradable food packaging has gained significant attention owing to environmental concerns.
Visible-light-induced radical cascade sulfonylation/cyclization towards indole-fused pyridine derivatives
Authors: Du Qin , Pan Ruohan , Chen Yu , Tang Yucai
Published: January 2025

A visible-light induced Ru(bpy)3Cl2·6H2O catalyzed radical cascade sulfonylation/cyclization strategy for the synthesis of sulfonated indole-fused pyridine derivatives was developed.
Catalytic peptide/hemin complex from ester–amide exchange reaction mediated by deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Wang Cheng-Hsi , Jhang Yao-Yu , Yu Sheng-Sheng
Published: January 2025

Peptide libraries generated in deep eutectic solvents lead to peptide/hemin complexes with peroxidase-like activity.
Structural analysis of genetic variants of the human tumor suppressor Palb2 coiled-coil domain
Authors: Reddy Pothula Purushotham , Phale Apurva , Das Ranabir
Published: January 2025

The tumor suppressor PALB2 is a key player in the Homologous Recombination (HR) pathway, functionally connecting BRCA proteins at the DNA damage site. PALB2 forms homodimers via its coiled-coil domain, and during HR, it forms a heterodimeric complex with BRCA1 using the same domain. However, the structural details of the human PALB2 coiled-coil domain are unknown. Several missense variants have been reported in the coiled-coil domain. The structure-function relationship of these variants is poorly understood, posing a challenge to genetic counseling. In this study, we present the solution structure of the human PALB2 coiled-coil domain, which forms an antiparallel homodimer. We then use this structure to investigate the impact of a few well-characterized missense mutations on the fold and interactions of the PALB2 coiled-coil domain. Our findings reveal a strong correlation between the structural impact of mutations and their efficiency in homologous recombination, suggesting that our approach can be applied to study other genetic variations in PALB2. These findings hold promise for improving genetic counseling and advancing cancer research.
Stability analysis of discrete‐time delayed neural networks via delay‐product‐type Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals
Authors: Chen Jun , Ji Fengqiang , Zhuang Guangming , Sha Hongjia
Published: January 2025

This article is concerned with the stability problem for discrete‐time neural networks with a time‐varying delay. For the two cases that the delay‐variation bounds are known and unknown, new augmented Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals (LKFs) are correspondingly constructed by fully considering the information on the state‐related vectors and nonlinear activation function. Through the entire vector‐extension method, the forward differences of the new LKFs are estimated to be affine with the delay. Relaxed stability criteria are consequently derived via the convex method. Two numerical examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method on conservatism reduction.