bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Democracia y Constitución. Vicisitudes y desafíos de su articulación en una sociedad con diversidad étnico-cultural
Authors: Morales Bustamante Alejandro
Published: November 2018

Asumir la dignidad inherente a todas las personas implica, entre otros aspectos, el deber de reconocer y proteger la dimensión étnico-cultural de su identidad, individual y colectivamente considerada. La conformación heterogénea de las sociedades contemporá-neas demanda que los Estados adopten modelos de igual valoración jurídica de las diferencias; revirtiendo, en consecuencia, prácticas, políticas y normas que conlleven la asimilación o discriminación de grupos culturalmente minoritarios o no dominantes. El caso de Guatemala, cuya población es multicultural, resulta ilustrativo de las tendencias, resistencias y vicisitudes que marcan los procesos de esa naturaleza; así como de la recíproca incidencia que ejercen respecto de los sistemas constitucionales y de las reglas de la democracia.
Análisis de la jurisprudencia 21/2018 del Tribunal Electoral del Poder Judicial de la Federación
Authors: Elizondo Gaperín María Macarita
Published: November 2018

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Comentario a la nueva Ley General de Mejora Regulatoria
Authors: Márquez Daniel
Published: November 2018

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Obituario
Authors: Juarez Quezada Gudalupe
Published: November 2018

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Authors: Mendonça Suzana
Published: November 2018

Fundamental duties are set as a theme often overlooked by the doctrine and the jurisprudence, especially when compared to all the attention devoted to fundamental rights. However, this fact does not diminish their value relevance for society, since they are instruments for guaranteeing the means indispensable not only for the realization of fundamental rights, but also for the achievement of social welfare. The fundamental duties of solidarity, in turn, represent those that contain a greater degree of empathy, so that they are executed with the intention of collaborating with those social groups that are in any way disadvantaged. Collective cooperation, in a complementary way to the State's performance, is substantial in the search for the reduction of the social differences inherent to a community, as a way of delivering to the less privileged the indispensable mechanisms for a life with dignity.
Las implicancias de considerar al niño como sujeto de derecho
Authors: Gómez de la Torre Vargas Maricruz
Published: November 2018

Se aborda las consecuencias que el niño sea sujeto de derecho, lo que implica que tiene autonomía progresiva, y que debe ser oído y considerada su opinión cuando se tome una decisión que le afecte, de acuerdo con su edad y grado de madurez. Principio que entra en colisión con algunas instituciones tradicionales del derecho civil como la capacidad y la patria potestad.
La convención de las Naciones Unidas sobre los contratos de compraventa internacional de mercaderías
Authors: Zenteno Trejo Blanca Yaquelin
Published: November 2018

La Convención de las Naciones Unidas sobre los Contratos de Compraventa Internacional de Mercaderías de 1980 (CIM), es un instrumento jurídico útil y práctico, pero a sus 37 años de existencia plantea limitaciones y nuevos retos. En el contexto de sus limitaciones y retos este escrito presenta una serie de reflexiones, en torno a su estudio, aplicación e interpretación judicial y arbitral, con la consideración de algunos puntos fuertes y débiles, con un acercamiento a la experiencia de México que permitan considerar su revisión. Se plantea la pregunta de si ¿realmente es necesaria una revisión sustancial de la CIM a la luz de un entorno complejo de relaciones jurídico-comerciales regionales o internacionales? El enfoque de este escrito es teórico, de lo global a lo local, con una metodología, documental-analítica.
PHARMACOLOGY EFFECT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS ON THE LEVEL OF THYROID HORMONES AND VITAMIN-D.
Authors: Painuly Neelam , Sharma Amit
Published: November 2018

Cardiovascular system is an important system of body. This consists the heart and blood vessels. Any kind of heart disease is dangerous. Thyroid hormone is one of the leading hormones which is involving in the cardiovascular mechanism. Any disturbance in the balance of hormone can cause serious problems which may be dangerous to cardiovascular system. So it balance should be maintained properly.  Various treatment related to this are found but they may cause various alteration in the production of thyroid hormone. So in order to give proper treatment to patient all the aspects should be checked and observed properly considering the health of patient. Amlodipine, Propranolol, Captopril, Amiodarone are some of the medicines used in the treatment of these diseases. Knowledge of drug should be proper so that any risk of thyroid abnormalities can be minimized and diagnosed in proper time.

Key words: Arrhythmia, cardiovascular, vitamin D, Amlodipine, Propranolol, Captopril, Amiodarone
ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT, VALIDATION AND FORCED DEGRADATION STUDIES OF LANSOPRAZOLE BY RP-HPLC
Authors: Meher Madhavi K , Bhangale Charushila , Dholas Ramdas , Prashant Vandana Aher , Pawar Rohan
Published: November 2018

The objective of this work is to develop a rapid, precise, accurate and sensitive revere phase liquid chromatographic method and Forced degradation studies for the estimation of Lansoprazole. The chromatographic method was standardized for Lansoprazole using Shimadzu HPLC model reverse phase analytical Inspire grace C18 column (250 mm x 4.5 mm, 5mm particle size) with PC-3000-M Reciprocating Pump (40 Mpa) and UV-3000-M Detector, at 285nm and flow rate of 0.8 ml/min. The mobile phase consists of 80:20 Methanol: water. The linearity of proposed method was investigated in the range of 10-50 µm/ml (R2 = 0.999) of Lansoprazole. The limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 0.12 mm/ml. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was found to be 0.36 mg/ml. The retention time of Lansoprazole found to be 5.4 min. The method was statistically validated and % RSD was found to be less than 2 indicating high degree of accuracy and precision. Hence proposed method can be successfully applied for the estimation of Lansoprazole in further studies.

Keywords: Lansoprazole, RP-HPLC, Chromatogram, validation, estimation.
AN EXTENDED REVIEW AND SUMMARY ON FACTS ABOUT ETIOLOGY EPIDEMIOLOGY CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF SCRUB TYPHUS INFECTION
Authors: Nagaraju G. V. , Pavan Kumar G. V.
Published: November 2018

Scrub typhus is also known as bus typhus inaction and it is a serious public health problem in the Asia-Pacific area. It threatens one billion peoples are effected worldwide, and causes illness in one million people for an each year. Caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, scrub typhus can result in severe multi organ failure with a case fatality rate up to 70% without appropriate treatment. The antigenic heterogeneity of O. Tsutsugamushi precludes generic immunity and to the allows reinjection. As it is a neglected disease, there is still a large gap in our knowledge of the disease, as evidence by the sporadic epidemiologic data and others relating to the public health information regarding scrub typhus in its endemic areas. It is a gram-negative bacterium, this infection can be perfectly treated with the specific antibiotics. Early treatment gives best results those who are infected with this infection it gives better therapeutic outcomes. Oral medication is effective for mild cases, but the parenteral route is often necessary for severely ill patients. Similar to treatment for other rickettsial diseases, doxycycline is one of most effective antibiotics for treating scrub typhus infection.

Key Words: Scrub typhus, threatens one billion peoples, gram-negative bacterium, Oral medication.
CRITICAL REVIEW OF MEDA DHATU AND OBESITY IN REFERENCE TO AYURVEDIC LITERATURE
Authors: Anand Rahul , Asthana Alok , Asthana Monika , Sabharwal Pooja
Published: November 2018

Obesity is one of the santarapanajanya vyadhi, originated as a result of deteriorated life style which includes sedentary daily routine and junk food habits. It occurs when the consumption of calories becomes more than its expenditure. It serves as an etiological factor for many diseases. It has reached to the epidemic proportion, affecting majority of the urban population. Obesity can be estimated by various scales among which Body Mass Index (BMI) and skin fold measurements are most common. Obesity is indirectly proportional to Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR). BMR is the amount of energy required to do the involuntary work of the body which is around 47 calories per hour per square meter of body surface in males and 37 in females, but may vary with temperature as a rise in 1o F of body temperature may lead to an average increase of 7% of BMR1.  Prior to the management of this disorder, it is obligatory to reach to its roots. Ancient scholars tried to elaborate the causes, pathology, types, complications and management of obesity in their own way, and this description is scattered here and there. The present article will try to assemble these references, and find out a common conclusion.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF KETOCONAZOLE NIOSOMAL GEL
Authors: Kaur Paninder , Dua J.S , Prasad D.N
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT

 

In recent years, treatment of infectious disease through Novel Drug delivery system (NDDS) has undergone a revolutionary shift. Niosomes are a Novel Drug Delivery system which has potential application to treat infectious disease topically. Niosomes are non-ionic surfactant vesicles, in which medication is encapsulated in a vesicle for controlled drug release. Ketoconazole niosomes were prepared by using Cholesterol, Span 60/ Span 40 as surfactants, chloroform, and diethyl ether using rotary vacuum evaporator method. Formulation was then evaluated for particle size, drug content, entrapment efficiency, and in-vitro drug release studies. The Entrapment efficiency and drug content were calculated at 225nm using UV spectrophotometer. The drug content was found to be 70.37% for Span 40 and 72.81% for Span 60.The percentage of drug entrapment in niosomes was 60.3 % for Span 40 and 62.21 % for Span 60. FT-IR studies for niosomes containing Span 40 shows -CH stretching (Aliphatic) at 2891 cm-1and2925 cm-1 for niosomes containing Span 60. Ketoconazole niosomal gel was prepared using Carbopol 940, glycerol, Triethanolamine and distilled water. Evaluation of niosomal gel was determined by Physical appearance, pH, viscosity, drug content, entrapment efficiency and In-vitro diffusion studies.The percentage of the drug release from the niosomal gel was found to be 40.78 % for Span 40 and 33.75% for Span 60 . This delivery system is cost effective and simple to prepare as only the prepared gel of niosomes was introduced in Rotary vacuum evaporator for solvent evaporation.
Measuring Awareness of Over the Counter Analgesics Use and Risks Associated With it Among Jordanian Population in Amman
Authors: AL-Samydai Ali , Al-Elaime Lena A. , Abbadi Sundos H. , Khareisha Lubna Al-
Published: November 2018

This is an observational cross-sectional study that examines the awareness of Jordanian consumers regarding the potential risks associated with over-the-counter (OTC) use of paracetamol and non-steroidal anti-inﬂammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and the effect of family and friends’ advice on the use of analgesics, in order to better understand patterns of usage of these products. A questionnaire survey was conducted in Amman (capital). 150 questionnaires were correctly filled then analyzed. The inclusion criteria were Jordanian residents age over18 years and the willingness to participate in the study. The study results showed that the Jordanian population in Amman is familiar with the most important information regarding the risks associated with the use of Analgesics and that they aware of their responsibility of checking medical information before sharing and that is a positive sign.
Redefining the Scope of Ayurveda in Cardiology
Authors: Madhavan Jithesh
Published: November 2018

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have now become the leading cause of mortality or even morbidity in India. According to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular disease causes 12 million deaths in the world each year. Even with all the advancements in medicine, the management of CVD’s are yet to be redefined. Ayurveda proposes a different understanding to etiopathogenesis of such conditions and subsequent healthcare, in the context of hrdroga. Latest researches in Ayurveda have given a new hope in CVDs, the curative as well as preventive aspects. With the emergence of increasing number of cardiac problems from the young age itself, it is the time to explore various options available in the alternative areas of medicine. Herbs and dietary supplements can have significant role in preventive cardiology as well as per published studies. Equivalent is the management of associative psychological contributors. In this article, research works of medicinal plants useful in cardiology are described with special emphasis on rasona, arjuna, guggulu, amalaki and gokshura. This work emphasises the scope of such practice so as to popularize the options available in Ayurvedic literature.
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity and Antioxidant Activity of Selected Medicinal Plant Extracts Used Against Cognitive Dysfunction and Memory Loss in Sri Lankan Traditional Medicine
Authors: Attanayake Anoja Priyadarshani , Jayatilaka Kamani Ayoma Perera Wijewardana
Published: November 2018

The objectives of the study were to determine the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity and antioxidant activity in the selected Sri Lankan medicinal plants. AChE inhibitory activity of the selected medicinal plant extracts was determined using the Ellman’s method. The antioxidant activities were determined by four in vitro methods namely DPPH assay, FRAP assay, NO assay and TBA acid method.  The contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids were determined quantitatively.Out of the ten selected medicinal plant extracts Abrus precatorius, Centella asiatica, Strychnos nux-vomica and Ricinus communis showed IC50 values < 200 µg/mL for AChE inhibitory activity. A high antioxidant activity was shown in the extracts of Cardiosprmum halicacabum, Centella asiatica and  Ricinus communis in  the four selected antioxidant assays.  The total polyphenol content and total flavonoid content was in the range of 0.55-7.30 mg/g DW and 19.08±0.29-1283.08± 0.09 µg/gDW. The extracts of A. precatorius, C. asiatica, S. nux-vomica and R. communis are deserved to be as potent sources of AChE inhibitors as well as natural antioxidants. Considering the complex multifactorial etiology of Alzheimer's diseases, these plant extracts would be apt candidates for the development of novel pharmaceutical agents in the management of Alzheimer's diseases.
THE VISHAGHNA PROPERTIES OF MANJISHTHA (Rubia cordifolia) IN AYURVEDIC AND CONTEMPORARY SCIENCE: AN OVERVIEW
Authors: Khatik Rohit Kumar , Khatik Ashish , Sharma Anita
Published: November 2018

The present concept is given to help for to establish as bridge between Ayurveda and contemporary science. The Concept of Ayurvedic vishaghna properties is near about detoxifying action (Antidote action) in modern era. It is may be beneficial integrated concept for metabolic toxicity, substance acquired acute and chronic toxicity, biological toxicity, cumulative toxicity etc. and it also help to understand the detoxifying phenomenon. The single and multiple preparations of manjistha are available which indicates its utility in many poisoning. All aspects of manjishtha are studied in detail especially in field of detoxification. Selection of all logical references are done and collection, correlation and explanation as per requirement. According to indication and detoxifying therapeutic use of manjishtha are highlights, which described especially in Ayurvedic and modern text. All ayurvedic and contemporary references regarding vishaghna are collected from Ayurvedic fundamental books and various textbooks, research article, international journals. Theoretically, it will breakdown the pathogenesis of toxicity and progress forward to denaturized any poison. It can be useful for disease which comes under area of any field of toxicity. We can prevent and treat much toxicological disorder. On the basis of concept of vishaghana properties of manjishtha, it can be broadly used in today’s era for preventive as well as curative disease free life from toxicological agent.

Keywords; manjishtha, vishaghana properties, detoxifying uses
Evaluation of in-vitro antioxidant potential and in-vivo hepatoprotective activity of root extract of Quercus oblongata D. DON
Authors: Singh Anita , Bisht Manoj
Published: November 2018

Objective: The main potential target is attempt to investigated evaluation of in-vitro antioxidant potential and in-vivo hepatoprotective activity of root extract of Quercus oblongata D. DON belonging to family fagaceae. Material & Methods: The root of plant was extracted by different solvents like n-hexane (NHEQO), Chloroform (CEQO), Ethyl acetate (EAQO) Hydroethanolic (HEEQO) and Ethanol (EEQO). The antioxidant activity (AA) was determined by the possible four complementary test assay methods namely total phenolic content, total flavonoids content, Inhibition of  2,2 diphenyl -1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and ABTS (2-2’- azinobis) radical scavenging activity or quenching activity, in the hepatoprotective experimental  animal albino wistar rats (120-180gm) were divided into 6 group, each group content 5, Group I: Received distilled water (5ml/kg. p.o) once daily, and served as normal control. Group II: Received paracetamol suspension (640 mg/kg suspended in 1% methyl cellulose; orally as toxin control. Group III: Received standard drug Silymarin (25 mg/kg. p.o.) + paracetamol suspension (640 mg/kg suspended in 1% methyl cellulose; orally once daily Group IV, V, VI administered HEECB at different doses300, 400, 500 mg/kg orally + paracetamol suspension (640 mg/kg suspended in 1% methyl cellulose; for 21 days. And collect blood from experimental animals by retrorbital puncture for estimation of biochemical parameters and other parameter also evaluate like physical histological changes in livers of rats. Results: Experimental finding reveal that Paracetamol produce significant change in physical (increase liver weight) biochemical (increase alkaline phosphate, serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyuruvic transaminase, total protein, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin and decrease the level of total protein and albumin) histological (damage to hepatocyte) and in liver parameters. Pretreatment with extract significantly minimization of physical, biochemical, histological and functional change induced by Paracetamol in liver. Conclusion: Experimental data and analysis of different parameter declare that hydroethanolic extract of Quercus oblongata could be a useful hepatoprotective agents and antioxidant potential.

Keywords: Clematis buchananiana, paracetamol, hepatoprotective, alkaline phosphate, serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyuruvic transaminase.
Ethnobotanical uses, phytochemistry and biological activities of Clerodendrum paniculatum L. (Lamiaceae): A comprehensive review
Authors: Prashith Kekuda T.R. , Sudharshan S.J.
Published: November 2018

Clerodendrum L. is an important genus in the family Lamiaceae in terms of its medicinal values and pharmacological properties. The genus comprises of more than 500 species distributed worldwide. In this review, we present an updated information on ethnobotanical uses, phytochemistry and biological activities of Clerodendrum paniculatum L. (Lamiaceae). The plant is one the most spectacular Clerodendrum species and is grown commonly for ornamental purpose. The plant is reported to have ethnomedicinal importance as the plant is used as remedy for ailments and disorders such as wounds, typhoid, snakebite, jaundice, giddiness, malaria, anemia and hemorrhoids. Various phytochemicals such as rutin, quercetin, β-sitosterol, β-amyrin, lupeol, oleanolic aldehyde acetate, stigmasta-4,25-dien-3-one, and (3β)-stigmasta-4,22,25-trien-3-ol have been identified in C. paniculatum. The plant is shown to exhibit biological activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, cytotoxic, hypolipidemic, insecticidal and anti-ageing activity.

Keywords: Clerodendrum paniculatum L., Ethnobotanical, Traditional, Phytochemicals, Biological activities
CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF NEONATAL SEIZURE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO NEUROIMAGING: A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL BASED STUDY
Authors: Mishra Shantisena , Mohanty Saran Kumar , Swain Arakhita , Behera Saiprasanna , Rai Pratibha
Published: November 2018

Background: Seizures are most common and distinct clinical manifestation of neurologic dysfunction in the newborn. Its frequency is around 1.5-14/1000 neonates. The occurrence of seizure is positively correlated with structural brain damage and its consequent sequelae are later stages of life. Therefore, we need to initiate an early diagnostic workup to determine the causes. This study was conducted to determine the etiology of neonatal seizure as well as to find out how neuroimaging is useful in early diagnosis.

Aims and Objectives: The study was carried out with the objectives to find out the etiology of neonatal seizure, especially by using the neuroimaging facilities and to look at the spectrum of brain lesion.

Materials and methods: Hospital based observational study conducted over a period of 2 years (August 2015 to July 2017) at neonatal wing of SCB Medical College, Cuttack, India. All newborns with history of seizure and those who developed seizure during hospital stay were included in the study. Detailed antenatal histories, examination of the newborn and clinical detail of each seizure episode were recorded. Various data obtained were displayed in tables, charts, statistical analysis of the observations were done using percentages, averages etc.

Results: Out of 365 cases which had seizure, 233 (63.8%) were males. Term babies (60.76%) and babies weighing more than 2500 gms (57.44%) showed seizures in this study. Most (60.42%) of the cases were born by vaginal delivery who had seizure afterwards. Hypoglycemia, as a cause was found in only 4% of cases. HIE was the commonest cause (51.8%) followed by metabolic abnormalities (23.2%). Most of them showed abnormality in TC-USG, CT-Brain, MRI brain.

Conclusion: Most common cause of neonatal seizure is HIE and in maximum cases it is seen in first 72 hours of life. Screening of high risk pregnancies should be strengthened and early referral should be arranged. Imparting NRP training to all health caregivers and improvement of NICU standard in tertiary care centre will reduce the morbidity and mortality.
SELECTION OF PHOSPHOLIPID AND METHOD OF FORMULATION FOR OPTIMUM ENTRAPMENT AND RELEASE OF LAMIVUDINE FROM LIPOSOME
Authors: Godbole Mangesh D , Mathur Vijay B
Published: November 2018

The present investigation was aimed to compare various phospholipids and different methods that would be appropriate to produce liposomes having vesicle size in the range of 200-300 nm, PDI less than 0.500, maximum entrapment and delayed release of lamivudine. The phospholipids employed were Phospholipon® 90G, Phospholipon® 90H, 1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glysero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) and 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glysero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC). They were used in various molar ratio with cholesterol and blank liposomes were prepared initially by thin film hydration and ether injection method. The thin film hydration method was only found to be appropriate to produce liposome of desired size and PDI. Hence, the molar ratios of employed phospholipids:cholesterol that produced liposomes as per the expected parameters was then used to load lamivudine. The method of preparation, phospholipid: cholesterol molar ratio, hydrations above transition temperature and hydration time were showed direct influence on vesicle size, PDI, percentage encapsulation and in-vitro release. Phospholipon® 90H: cholesterol: lamivudine in the molar ratio 1:2:1 produced liposomes having desired vesicle size and PDI with maximum drug entrapment and sustained release. The encapsulation efficiency of drug in liposomes was in the order of Phospholipon® 90H> Phospholipon® 90G > DPPC > DMPC.

Keywords: Liposomes, Lamivudine, Phospholipid, Thin film hydration method, Ether injection method, encapsulation efficiency
PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROFILE OF TRADITIONALLY USED MEDICINAL PLANT ARGYREIA SPECIOSA (LINN. F.)
Authors: Jaiswal Bhagat Singh , Tailang Mukul
Published: November 2018

Argyreia speciosa (Linn.f.) (Family: Convolvulaceae, Synonyms: Argyreia nervosa) is used in the traditional Ayurvedic systems of medicine as well as in local health folklore. It is commonly known as Vidhaara in Hindi and Hawaiian Baby Woodrose and Elephant creeper in English. It is the large climber and seen throughout India up to an altitude of 500 m. A. speciosa possess various pharmacological activity such as anti-aging, gastroprotective, analgesic & anti-inflammatory, aphrodisiac, antiviral, antidiabetic,  anticonvulsion, antioxidant, antidiarrheal, antiulcer, central nervous system depressant, nematocides, nootropic, anticancer and many more. Apart from this numerous phytoconstituents have been isolated from A. speciosa. Its seeds principally contain lysergamides, eragine and isoeragine which responsible for its hallucinogenic properties. The present paper efforts bring to light the available literature on A. speciosa with respect to traditional, ethnobotanical, phytoconstituents and review of different pharmacological activities.

Keywords: Argyreia speciosa, Vidhaara, Anti-aging, Hallucinogen, Ethnobotanical
A REVIEW ON AYURVEDA PERSPECTIVE AND THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATION OF OLIGOZOOSPERMIA
Authors: Chouhan Bhupendra Singh , Rajput Surendra Singh , Dwivedi Ramakant , Singh AK
Published: November 2018

Male infertility is one of the burning problems now a day’s and incidences of this problem increases day by day due to the disturbed pattern of living style. The Oligozoospermia is one of the conditions related to male infertility which associated with low sperm count. Ayurveda the science of Indian medical system described various terms related to male infertility such as; Kshina shukra, Kshina retasa, Alpa retasa and Shukra dosha which resembles conditions associated with oligozoospermia. Ayurveda also described various treatment modalities for the management of oligozoospermia such as use of herbs & formulation, conduction of balanced life style and diet control, etc. This article presented a conclusive review on ayurveda perspective of oligozoospermia and its management. 

Keywords: Ayurveda, Male Infertility, Oligozoospermia, Sperm, Vajikarana.
NOOTROPICS AGENTS: PHARMACEUTICAL ASPECT, COMMON EXAMPLES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS
Authors: Vitthalrao Leena Sakhare
Published: November 2018

Nootropics compounds are one of the important categories of medicinal agents act as cognitive enhancers and neuroprotective. These agents mainly used to improve memory related functioning of brain. Nootropic compounds exhibited various neural activities and boost functioning of central nervous system including improvement of intellectual, memory and learning capacity. These agents also offer significant relief in various neurodegenerative disorders such as parkinson disease and alzheimer disease. Drugs, nutraceuticals, supplements and functional foods may be used as nootropics agents to enhance concentration and memory. Various synthetic & semi synthetic agents, material from natural origin such as; herbs, animal products and minerals may also act as potent nootropic agents. This article presented a pharmaceutical consideration of nootropic agents in a view to explore this area for future perspective.         

Keywords: Nootropics, Memory, Cognitive, Brain, Neuroprotective
CHEMICAL PENETRATION ENHANCERS FOR TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
Authors: Kapoor Anupriya , Mishra Shashi Kiran , Verma Dharmesh Kumar , Pandey Prashant
Published: November 2018

In present scenario more than 70% of the drugs that are taken by oral route are found to be less effective as desired, to overcome this constraint Transdermal drug delivery system has emerged as an innovative area of research, this system helps in delivering the drugs and macromolecules through skin into systemic circulation. At present, the worldwide market of Transdermal patch has reached 2 billion pounds. Many drugs like Estrogen, Progestrone, Nitroglycerine, Clonodine etc. are fabricated in form of Transdermal patches due to its ability to deliver the drug in non-invasive manner and also to overcome the problems associated with oral route. Although the Transdermal patches deliver the drug at predetermined rate1, the partitioning of drug from the system to the skin and then penetration through different layers of skin can be altered by adding penetration enhancers that can be physical or chemical in nature. This article deals with the role of different chemicals that can be used as penetration enhancer.

Keywords: Penetration enhancer, Layer of skin, Fatty alcohol and glycol
AN EXTENSIVE REVIEW ON CHEMOTHERAPY INDUCED NAUSEA AND VOMITING
Authors: Bhulakshmi P , Nagaraju GV , Srilaya K
Published: November 2018

Chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting is the among most feared and debilitating adverse events experienced by the cancer patients. Left unaddressed, CINV symptoms not only decrease quality of life, but may also affect patients’ willingness to continue chemotherapy treatment. However, adherence to guideline recommendations continues to be suboptimal therapy, and many patients still suffer unnecessarily from CINV. In addition, breakthrough/refractory CINV continues to present particular challenges. The development of effective CINV treatments with diverse mechanisms of action has expanded the options available for preventing symptoms. The US Food and Drug Administration have recently approved several new therapies for the management of CINV. NEPA is a fixed-dose combination of Netupitant (300 mg) plus Palonosetron (0.5 mg). In combination with Dexamethasone, NEPA has demonstrated superior efficacy to Palonosetron alone in patients receiving highly or moderately emetogenic chemotherapy. Rolapitant is a nextgeneration neurokinin-1receptor antagonist. Both palonosetron and rolapitant have proven particularly effective in controlling delayed CINV. Regimens that combine a serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine–3 receptor antagonist, an NK1 receptor antagonist, and a corticosteroid now represent the standard of care for managing both acute and delayed CINV in patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy.

Keywords: CINV, Seratonin, Dopamine, Neurokinin, Antiemetics.
ANTI-SOLAR STUDY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF LEAVES CASSIA FISTULA
Authors: Gharge Varsha , Lokhande Tulashiram , Hadpad Shobha
Published: November 2018

Objective: The present study aimed at the phytochemical examination and anti-solar activity of Cassia Fistula (leaf) Ethanolic extract has more Flavonoid content based on this chemical substance photo protective activity was evaluated using UV visible spectrophotometry, where the method is diffused transmittance and the range of UV-visible about 200-400nm.

Methods: The pulverized dried Cassia Fistula was extracted with ethanol using soxhlet apparatus. Ethanolic extract were filtered & evaporated to dryness. The photo protective activity was evaluated by using UV visible spectrophotometer, where the method it is diffused transmittance and the range of UV-visible about 200-400nm.

Results: The UV scanning absorption spectra of the extract showed very strong absorption at 0.265 A with λ max at 268 nm.

Conclusion: The extract has an ability to absorb in the entire UV range.

Keyword: UV rays, Cassia Fistula, Flavonoid content, ethanolic Extract, Anti-Solar
CONCEPT AND MANAGEMENT OF PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME (MUTLAZIMA QABL HAIZ ) IN UNANI SYSTEM OF MEDICINE
Authors: Naushin Sofia , Ali Mubarak , Mustehasan Dr
Published: November 2018

Mutlazima Qabl Haiz (Premenstrual syndrome) refers to a combination of physical and emotional disturbances that occur after a woman ovulates and resolves with start of menstruation. More than 200 symptoms have been ascribed to PMS. Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder ia a more severe form of premenstrual syndrome. The characteristic symptoms of premenstrual syndrome are mood swings, anxiety, and irritability and physical conditions – like headache, fatigue, bloating, sleep disturbances, nausea, and breast tenderness. 90% of the women all over the world experience these symptoms during their reproductive years. The PMS has unknown cause and does not have any specific proved diagnosis and medication in modern medicine. The main objective of this article is to review the potential treatment for premenstrual syndrome in unani medicine.

Keywords: Premenstrual Syndrome, Premenstrual Dysphoric Syndrome, Unani Management
Clinical and Histological Study on Direct Pulp Capping With CO2 Laser Irradiation in Human Teeth
Authors: Suzuki M , Kato C , Kawashima S , Shinkai K
Published: November 2018

The study aimed to histologically evaluate wound healing of exposed human pulp on direct pulp capping using super-pulsed CO2 laser preirradiation. In this single-blind clinical trial, 28 third molar teeth of 17 volunteers were randomly capped with either CO2 laser irradiation (n=14) or Dycal (calcium hydroxide cement; n=14) and restored using resin composite. The laser was operated in super-pulsed mode (pulse duration, 0.2 ms; interval, 5.8 ms; 0.003 J/pulse). The irradiation conditions were a power output of 0.5 W, an irradiation time of 15 seconds, repeat mode (10-ms irradiation and 10-ms intervals, for a total beam exposure time of 7.5 seconds), total applied energy of 3.75 J, and an activated air-cooling system. Each tooth was extracted at six or 12 months posttreatment and prepared for histological evaluation. We evaluated the parameters of pulp tissue disorganization, inflammatory cell infiltration, reparative dentin formation (RDF), and bacterial penetration. There were no significant differences between groups for all parameters at each postoperative period (Mann-Whitney U-test, p>0.05). CO2 laser irradiation completely controlled bleeding and exudate from the exposed pulp. The CO2 laser group had a tendency to delay RDF compared with the Dycal group, but 4 of 7 teeth from the CO2 laser group showed a complete dentin bridge at 12 months posttreatment.
Pengaruh Tingkat Pengetahuan Agama Terhadap Persepsi Mahasiswa Pada Gerakan Radikalisme Berbasis Agama (Studi pada Mahasiswa UIN Raden Intan Lampung)
Authors: Syafe'i Imam
Published: November 2018

Mahasiswa yang memiliki pengetahuan agama yang luas akan lebih bersifat terbuka dan lebih mudah menerima berbagai perbedaan. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah seberapa besar pengaruh tingkat pengetahuan agama terhadap persepsi mahasiswa pada gerakan radikalisme berbasis agama? Sehingga tujuan utama dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh tingkat pengetahuan agama terhadap persepsi mahasiswa pada gerakan radikalisme berbasis agama. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian survei dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif. Populasinya adalah mahasiswa semester V di Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung tahun pelajaran 2017/2018 dengan jumlah sampel 295 mahasiswa. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket dan dokumen. Data yang telah diperoleh kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji regresi linier sederhana. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah hipotesis penelitian tidak diterima, sehingga tingkat pengetahuan agama tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap persepsi mahasiswa pada gerakan radikalisme berbasis agama. Besarnya pengaruh pengetahuan agama terhadap persepsi mahasiswa pada gerakan radikalisme berbasis agama hanya 1,7% yang dikategorikan pengaruhnya sangat lemah.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF NATIONAL EXAMINATION AS THE DIRECTION OF NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY
Authors: Firdaos Rijal , Ahmad Ahmad
Published: November 2018

National Examination (UN) is a measuring tool used to determine the success standard of a learning process. The success of the process and learning outcomes can be expressed by the high value of the established UN index. This study aims to find out how the implementation of the UN can be used as a continues policy material. This research is a literary research where researchers trace the literature related to the implementation of the UN and the direction of educational policy. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of the UN is still needed but with some notes. All supporting components and instruments must be ready and evenly distributed throughout the districts or cities that deal with the competence of teachers, supporting facilities, and public awareness of the importance of the quality of education. The National Exam encourages all parties to work hard in order to achieve better learning outcomes for learners, in accordance with the competency standards of graduates. UN has become a part of the national policy direction, which gave birth to the NationalStandard School Examination, the curriculum changes from KTSP to K13, and the implementation of the Full Day School program as an effort to maximize the potential of learners in school activities.
IFSB Role in Preventing Financial Crises and Islamic Ethics Perspective
Authors: Ibnu Adi Rahmannur
Published: November 2018

Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB) acts as the international regulatory and supervision framework for Islamic financial services institution. Though Islamic financial industries keep growing in promising pace, they still experience some criticisms; one of them is an underestimate claim regarding Islamic finance soundness and safety which notoriously promoted to be better than the non-Islamic is lack of evidence. This claim, however, serves as the early warning to the trajectory of Islamic finance development and global vision which seems to employ. Thus, this study addresses this challenge by analyzing IFSBâ€™s published frameworks based on the Islamic ethics. This is a descriptive inquiry which employed library-study approach. The result of this study suggests that IFSB should be more focus on human adversaries since moral hazard, either done collectively or individually, plays determining role in some systemic financial crises in the last two decades. The suggested action plan is discussed in the conclusion section.
Some Ecological and Human Lessons of Biosphere 2
Authors: Nelson Mark
Published: November 2018

The Biosphere 2 project, a 1.2 hectare materially-closed mini-biosphere that supported teams of biospherian crews from 1991-1994 provides a host of ecological and human-biosphere lessons relevant to our global biospheric challenges. Because of its high visibility through worldwide media coverage, the project advanced public understanding of what a biosphere is and the roles that humans can constructively play in keeping ecosystems and atmosphere healthy. The present paper reviews the fairly recent scientific understanding of our global biosphere and some of the intriguing results from Biosphere 2. It also examines some of the reasons that Biosphere 2 aroused controversy because of narrow definitions and expectations of how science is to be conducted. The cooperation between engineers and ecologists and the requirement to design a technosphere for Biosphere 2 that supported the life inside without harming it has enormous relevance to what is required in our global home. There was an unexpected and profound connection that the ‘biospherian’ crew inside Biosphere 2 felt to their living biosphere. Biosphere 2 also demonstrated new kinds of roles that can be played by people aware of a biosphere as their life support system.
The Meccan Era in the Light of the Turkish Writings from the Prophet’s Birth Till the Rise of the Mission - I
Authors: Al Harthy Noura Ahmed Hamed Al
Published: November 2018

The prophet’s biography had a supreme place in the Turkish writings. In this vein, the present research’s title is “The Meccan Era in the Turkish Writings from the prophet’s birth till the Prophetic Immigration to Medina”. Therefore in this research, a great amount of information about the Meccan era in the Turkish Writings from the prophet’s birth till the Prophetic Immigration to Medina was collected. It also included prophet’s life before and after the mission till the immigration to Abyssinia, the boycott, passing the second Aqaba Pledge, the Prophet's stand towards some contemporary nations and finally, the conclusion and the list of citied works and references. Before the prophet Muhammad Ibn Abd Allah's (PBUH) birth, the Arabian Peninsula lived in full darkness then it was enlightened by Islam. The prophet (PBUH) was not detached from the universal arena; rather, he was aware of the surrounding nations led by the Persians and Romans during that time. The Turks became in contact with Arabs from the earlier ages of the Islamic history. Moreover, the prophet sat in the Turkish tent and it is noticed that the Turkish Literature has paid great attention to the prophet’s biography, as well as the Meccan and Medina eras, since his childhood till his prophecy and all the details that related to the holy prophetic immigration to Medina, as we will see in the followings researches.
A Systematic Review on Psychosocial Determinants of Elderly Subjective Wellbeing
Authors: Hamid Tengku Aizan , Hassan Sumara Masood Ul , Haron Sharifah Azizah , Ibrahim Rahimah
Published: November 2018

The persistent increase in longevity has impelled social scientists to concentrate on the factors that can improve later life health and wellbeing. Extant literature indicates that filial responsibility, self-esteem, emotional regulation, attachment, parent-adult child relationship quality and religiosity are among those contributing factors for elderly subjective wellbeing. A systematic review was conducted to synthesize available evidence regarding the psychosocial determinants of elderly subjective wellbeing. Google Scholar, Science Direct and PubMed were searched for potentially relevant articles published from 2011 to 2017. Eighteen out of 216 full-text papers met the inclusion criteria and were critically appraised. The internal validity and quality of selected studies were assessed using STROBE and SIGN checklists. The findings of the current review suggest that filial responsibility, emotional regulation, self-esteem, attachment, and parent-adult child relationship quality were consistent determinants of elderly wellbeing; whereas findings on religiosity were equivocal. Further, self-esteem and emotional regulation emerged as significant cognitive-emotional underlying factors for the association between family relations and elderly wellbeing. In conclusion, despite methodological limitations of selected studies, this review was able to identify a number of psychosocial determinants of elderly subjective wellbeing. A comprehensive knowledge of these determining factors can contribute to a better understanding of empirical connections and identification of gaps in literature as well as directions for future studies.
Linear Structural Analysis of Media Management Administration, Innovation and Early Childhood Creative Technology Under the Office of the Basic Education Commission in Thailand
Authors: Pengruck Luckana , Boonphak Kanchana , Sisan Boonchan
Published: November 2018

The promotion of technological prowess in children at an early age is integral to their creative development and future success. This research studied the relationship between media management administration, innovation, and early childhood creative technology in schools under the Office of the Basic Education Commission in Thailand to validate and confirm the linear relationship between flexibility, motivation, imagination, use of new approaches to problem solving, and vision. Questionnaires from respondents showed that the consistency was between 0.60-1.00, with a reliability of 0.890. Data were analyzed using mean standard deviation, and linear structural analysis and compliance with empirical data was checked based on the harmony index which was then compared to applicable criteria. The major findings show that the composition is in line with the empirical data and demonstrated linear structural relationships between the components of media management administration, innovation and early childhood creative technology.
Synthesis of (+)-Darwinolide, a Biofilm-Penetrating Anti-MRSA Agent
Authors: Siemon Thomas , Steinhauer Simon , Christmann Mathias
Published: November 2018

Darwinolide, a recently identified marine natural product from the Antarctic sponge Dendrilla membranosa, was shown to exhibit promising activity against the biofilm phase of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Its challenging tetracyclic rearranged spongian diterpenoid structure links a trimethylcyclohexyl subunit to a seven-membered core with two fused tetrahydrofurans. Here we describe the first synthesis of (+)-darwinolide featuring a convergent aldol fragment coupling, an Ireland-Claisen rearrangement and an organocatalytic desymmetrization as the key steps. Our results provide a foundation for the development of novel antibiofilm-specific antibiotics.
Yumurtacı Tavuk Rasyonlarına Kişniş Yağı (Coriander Oil) İlavesinin Performans, Yumurta Kalite Özellikleri, Yumurta Sarısı TBARS Değerleri ve Bazı Serum Parametreleri Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: ÇİFTÇİ Mehmet Emin , MACİT Muhlis
Published: November 2018

Yumurtacı tavuk rasyonlarına kişniş yağı ilavesinin performans, yumurta kalite özellikleri, yumurta sarısı Tiyobarbitürik asit reaktif madde (TBARS) değerleri ve bazı serum parametreleri üzerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülen çalışmada, her biri 24 adet hayvandan oluşan 1 kontrol ve 3 deneme grubu olmak üzere toplam 96 adet 24 haftalık yaşta Lohmann beyaz yumurtacı tavuk kullanılmıştır. Kontrol grubu (K-0) ticari yumurtacı tavuk yemiyle, diğer gruplar ise bazal yeme sırasıyla %0,1 (KY-1), %0,3 (KY-2) ve %0,5 (KY-3) düzeylerinde kişniş yağı ilavesiyle oluşturulan rasyonlarla 2 haftası deneme rasyonlarına alıştırma periyodu olmak üzere toplam 12 hafta süreyle beslenmiştir. Performans özelliklerinden günlük yem tüketimi, yemden yararlanma oranı ve hasarlı yumurta oranına muamelelerin etkisinin olmadığı (P>0,05); ancak kontrole göretüm grupların yumurta verimini artırdığı (P<0,01), yumurta ağırlığını ise azalttığı (P<0,01) tespit edilmiştir. Yumurta kalite kriterleri üzerine muamelelerin etkisinin olmadığı (P>0,05) görülmüştür. Kişniş yağı serum kan parametrelerinden kolesterol değerini (P<0,01) düşürmesine rağmen diğer kan parametreleri muamelelerden etkilenmemiştir (P>0,05). Yumurtaların depolama süresince (0, 7, 14 ve 28 gün) yumurta sarısı TBARS değerleri bakımından gruplar arasında anlamlı bir fark gözlenmemiştir (P>0,05). K-0, KY-1, KY- 2 ve KY-3 gruplarının 0, 7, 14 ve 28. günlerdeki TBARS değerleri üzerine depolama zamanının etkisinin önemli olduğu saptanmış ve 28. gündeki TBARS değerinin önemli derecede yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir.
DEVELOPMENT OF LANDSLIDE PROCESSES SLOPES PUHLJAKOVSKY
Authors: Евтушенко Сергей , Evtushenko Sergey , Волков Владимир , Volkov Vladimir
Published: November 2018

The article presents the results of observations over the past 19 years for landslide processes in the territory of Pukhlyakovsky Agricultural College. Recommendations on elimination of negative geological processes are given.
CALCULATION OF THE RAPID FLOW OF WATER AT THE OUTLET OF THE ROUND PIPE IN THE DOWNSTREAM OF THE CULVERTS
Authors: Келехсаев Дмитрий , Kelekhsaev Dmitry
Published: November 2018

The article proposes a mathematical modeling of the rapid flow spreading in the wide downstream of the culvert depending on the flow rate, the relative expansion of the downstream and the depth of the water at the outlet of the round pipe. An open water flow is considered in a non-pressure spreading mode. When the Froude numbers are large than four in the channel with a relative expansion of b = 3–7, pairing is established according to the type of free flow of a two-dimensional turbulent flow, the depths and flow rates at each point, the geometry of the free flow zone are determined. The flow parameters are calculated at any point of the free flow area using the Maple software package. The adequacy of the model extreme current line with the experimental one is shown.