bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Critical aspects of entrepreneurship policy design for Syrian refugees in Turkey
Authors: Kassab Ammar , Omar Rosmini , Ghura Hasan
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Governments can influence entrepreneurial growth through public policy. This paper aims to present critical aspects of entrepreneurship policy design for Syrian refugees in Turkey and evaluate if current policies are effective for Syrian refugees in Istanbul.

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopts an explorative phenomenological approach, contextualized within the entrepreneurial behavior literature. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews with fifteen Syrian entrepreneurs residing in Istanbul.

Findings

The results show that Syrian refugees were “pushed” to start new companies. Moreover, the findings suggest that Syrian entrepreneurs could exploit better business opportunities such as targeting international markets or finding competent partners.

Research limitations/implications

The article offers several practical and social contributions by highlighting how the entrepreneurial behavior of Syrian refugees is driven by their migration or business experiences.

Practical implications

Policymakers in Turkey need to acknowledge how their entrepreneurial policies regarding innovation and internationalization affect the business success rate among Syrian refugees. In this regard, the Turkish government should adopt new measures that provide Syrian refugees more business flexibility. These policies may include easy access to the Turkish financial system or fewer regulations to obtain work permits. This will encourage refugees to join the formal economy and contribute to the Turkish labor market.

Originality/value

This article adds to the expanding body of knowledge on refugee entrepreneurship by emphasizing the link between refugees' personal experiences and starting new ventures. It also highlights how government policy can be strategically utilized to increase entrepreneurship among Syrian refugees in Turkey.
Building resilience during the Covid-19 pandemic: the journey of a small entrepreneurial family firm in Brazil
Authors: Amaral Priscila Correa Franco , Da Rocha Angela
Published: July 2022

Purpose

The present study used a process approach to examine how a small entrepreneurial family business in the tourism industry evolved during different stages of the Covid-19 pandemic and across different dimensions of resilience.

Design/methodology/approach

The research strategy consisted of a real-time longitudinal case study during the Covid-19 pandemic in Brazil, based on interviews conducted with the founders of the business.

Findings

The results show how the firm responded to the pandemic and moved through different stages – interruption, loss, resumption, and recovery – as the crisis evolved. During each stage, there were manifestations of different dimensions of organizational resilience: anticipation/awareness, coping and adaptation. The entrepreneurs mobilized several capabilities – emotional, cognitive, behavioral, and relational – during the different stages and across different dimensions to face and respond to the pandemic.

Originality/value

The contributions of the study stem from the lack of research on how small entrepreneurial family businesses in the tourism industry are impacted by disruptive events of long duration and multiple cycles. Specifically, the study contributes to the understanding of how this type of firm responds to these crises, mobilizing different capabilities at different stages and across different dimensions of organizational resilience.
Role of academic libraries in the achievement of quality education as a sustainable development goal
Authors: Dei De-Graft Johnson , Asante Francisca Yaba
Published: July 2022

Purpose

This study explored the role of academic libraries in the achievement of quality education as a Sustainable Development Goal.

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopted a qualitative research approach and descriptive case study design. This study focuses on academic libraries from four universities in Ghana. From each university, the researchers purposely selected four respondents, comprising the heads of the libraries, deputies, and two assistant librarians or library assistants. Primary data were collected through semi-structured interviews, observations and document reviews. The results were analyzed and presented in descriptive and interpretive forms.

Findings

The study established that the majority of the library staff were aware of the sustainable development goal, SDG 4. The libraries provided relevant materials to support students’ learning, organize training on information literacy and engage library patrons in periodic information literacy programs to create awareness of the SDG 4. Since the libraries do not have their own internally developed policies on the SDG 4, they depend on the general United Nations (UN) document on the SDG and SDG 4 as a guide in information delivery; and the general policies on information delivery, teaching and quality assurance of the universities in general and the libraries in particular. The study concluded with a framework to guide the successful accomplishment of the SDG 4 in libraries.

Research limitations/implications

The study focused on academic libraries in Ghana and adopted the purposive sampling technique which makes it assume a weak power of generalization.

Practical implications

The study has implications for academic libraries and librarians in Ghana in achieving the SDG 4. It will guide librarians and academic libraries in formulating policies to guide them in their activities. The framework developed as a result of the findings will equally guide the librarians in their quest to provide information to achieve the SDG 4.

Originality/value

This study's originality lies in its articulation of academic libraries' initiatives in the actualization of the SDG 4 in Ghana with a developed framework to guide librarians and academic libraries. Academic libraries and librarians who are eager to contribute their quota to the achievement of the SDG 4 will find this study useful.
Bite force in the strictly subterranean rodent family of African mole‐rats (Bathyergidae): The role of digging mode, social organization and ecology
Authors: Kraus Andrea , Lövy Matěj , Mikula Ondřej , Okrouhlík Jan , Bennett Nigel C. , Herrel Anthony , Šumbera Radim
Published: July 2022

Bite force is an ecologically relevant performance trait that has been measured to better understand the adaptations to diet and habitat use. Moreover, bite force is relevant in understanding reproductive success, as well as inter‐ and intraspecific competition.

African mole‐rats (Bathyergidae, Rodentia) are a unique clade of mammals that use different digging strategies, show different types of social organization and occur in ecologically diverse savanna habitats in sub‐Saharan Africa. Whereas previous studies have suggested these animals have exceptionally high bite forces, the ecological and other proximate and ultimate drivers of variation in bite force in the group remain unstudied.

In the present study we measured in vivo bite force of 394 adult specimens from 10 African mole‐rat species including all genera within the family.

Our results show that in African mole‐rats digging mode is a major driver of variation in bite force, with chisel‐tooth diggers being stronger biters than scratch diggers. Moreover, species living in habitats characterized by low and irregular precipitation patterns and in soils with a high content of coarse particles have a higher bite force than species occupying habitats with a regular rainfall pattern and fine soil types.

This suggests that bite force in bathyergids has evolved in concert with rainfall and soil characteristics of different savanna habitats, which have contributed to the successful radiation of these subterranean mammals across sub‐Saharan Africa.

Read the freePlain Language Summaryfor this article on the Journal blog.
Efficacy and safety of eptinezumab as preventive treatment for episodic/chronic migraine: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Siahaan Yusak Mangara Tua , Hartoyo Vinson , Hariyanto Timotius Ivan
Published: July 2022

Migraine, the third most common neurological disorders worldwide, can cause significant burden to the patients. Currently, it has been found that calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) has a significant role in pathophysiology of migraine. This study sought to analyse the efficacy and safety of eptinezumab, one of the CGRP‐monoclonal antibody as preventive treatment for episodic/chronic migraine. Specific keywords were used to comprehensively go through the potential articles on ClinicalTrials.gov, Europe PMC, Scopus and PubMed databases until April 2022. All published randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on eptinezumab and migraine were gathered. Statistical analysis was conducted by using Review Manager 5.4 and Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis version 3 software. There were four RCTs with 2739 migraine patients in the meta‐analysis. In terms of efficacy, our analysis revealed that eptinezumab corresponded with higher reduction in monthly migraine days from baseline to week 12 (standardized mean difference, −0.34 [95% confidence interval (CI), −0.41, −0.28], P < 0.00001; I2 = 0%), higher 75% and 50% migraine responder rate, reduction in rate of migraine on day‐1 after dosing, lower headache impact test‐6 score on week 4 and week 12. In terms of safety, eptinezumab has comparable adverse events when compared with placebo (risk ratio, 1.01 [95% CI 0.96–1.07], P = 0.63, I2 = 0%). Further regression analysis also revealed that the association between eptinezumab and each outcomes of interest were not influenced by age, gender, body mass index and duration of migraine. This study proposes that eptinezumab is generally effective and safe for the preventive treatment of episodic or chronic migraine.
Aligning Faith with Medicine: Medical Ethics, Reproduction and Catholic Morality in Francophone and Anglophone Normative Literature, c. 1840–1960*
Authors: Gijbels Jolien , Lancaster Cheryl , Maehle Andreas‐Holger , Vander Hulst Reinout
Published: July 2022

This paper focuses on intersections of medical ethics and religious commitments by charting conceptions of the Catholic doctor in French and English‐language normative texts from the mid‐nineteenth to the mid‐twentieth century. Behavioural norms for doctors were increasingly emphasised in writings on pastoral medicine, especially regarding obstetrics and advice on sexual hygiene, with the Ten Commandments and the Sacraments forming the initial ethical framework. From the 1890s, Catholic medical deontology emerged as a genre in its own right, reflecting a distinct identity of Catholic doctors in medical faculties and in their own professional societies. Simultaneously, the range of topics broadened. While traditional issues of reproductive ethics such as medical abortion and emergency baptism remained central concerns, eugenic sterilisation and euthanasia posed new challenges. Catholic doctors were now expected to take on a social role that went beyond the care of their individual patients, especially in questions of population politics. A popular contributor to the eugenics debate was the French medical scientist Alexis Carrel.
Randomised trial of population‐based BRCA testing in Ashkenazi Jews: long‐term secondary lifestyle behavioural outcomes
Authors: Burnell Matthew , Gaba Faiza , Sobocan Monika , Desai Rakshit , Sanderson Saskia , Loggenberg Kelly , Gessler Sue , Side Lucy , Brady Angela F. , Dorkins Huw , Wallis Yvonne , Jacobs Chris , Legood Rosa , Beller Uziel , Tomlinson Ian , Wardle Jane , Menon Usha , Jacobs Ian , Manchanda Ranjit
Published: July 2022

Objective

Ashkenazi‐Jewish (AJ) population‐based BRCA testing is acceptable, cost‐effective and amplifies primary prevention for breast & ovarian cancer. However, data describing lifestyle impact are lacking. We report long‐term results of population‐based BRCA testing on lifestyle behaviour and cancer risk perception.

Design

Two‐arm randomised controlled trials (ISRCTN73338115, GCaPPS): (a) population‐screening (PS); (b) family history (FH)/clinical criteria testing.

Setting

North London AJ‐population.

Population/Sample

AJ women/men >18 years. Exclusions: prior BRCA testing or first‐degree relatives of BRCA‐carriers.

Methods

Participants were recruited through self‐referral. All participants received informed pre‐test genetic counselling. The intervention included genetic testing for three AJ BRCA‐mutations: 185delAG(c.68_69delAG), 5382insC(c.5266dupC) and 6174delT(c.5946delT). This was undertaken for all participants in the PS arm and participants fulfilling FH/clinical criteria in the FH arm. Patients filled out customised/validated questionnaires at baseline/1‐year/2‐year/3‐year follow‐ups. Generalised linear‐mixed models adjusted for covariates and appropriate contrast tests were used for between‐group/within‐group analysis of lifestyle and behavioural outcomes along with evaluating factors associated with these outcomes. Outcomes are adjusted for multiple testing (Bonferroni method), with P < 0.0039 considered significant.

Outcome measures

Lifestyle/behavioural outcomes at baseline/1‐year/2‐year/3‐year follow‐ups.

Results

1034 participants were randomised to PS (n = 530) or FH (n = 504) arms. No significant difference was identified between PS‐ and FH‐based BRCA testing approaches in terms of dietary fruit/vegetable/meat consumption, vitamin intake, alcohol quantity/ frequency, smoking behaviour (frequency/cessation), physical activity/exercise or routine breast mammogram screening behaviour, with outcomes not affected by BRCA test result. Cancer risk perception decreased with time following BRCA testing, with no difference between FH/PS approaches, and the perception of risk was lowest in BRCA‐negative participants. Men consumed fewer fruits/vegetables/vitamins and more meat/alcohol than women (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Population‐based and FH‐based AJ BRCA testing have similar long‐term lifestyle impacts on smoking, alcohol, dietary fruit/vegetable/meat/vitamin, exercise, breast screening participation and reduced cancer risk perception.
Hernia in pregnancy—Does it matter?
Authors: Chiu Hon Yiu , Law Tsz Ting , Ng Lily , Wong Kin Yuen
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Pregnancy is a risk factor for hernia development. This review studies the natural history and outcomes of hernias in pregnant women treated in the Hong Kong West Cluster.

Methods

This is a cluster‐wide, retrospective descriptive study. Electronic medical records of women attending Hernia Clinics at Tung Wah Hospital or Queen Mary Hospital or those emergently admitted into the surgical department between January 2002 and January 2022 were screened. Inclusion criteria were women with: (i) hernia developed during pregnancy; and (ii) known unrepaired hernia developed prior to pregnancy.

Results

Forty‐one patients were included. Median age of hernia onset was 31 years old. All patients continued with pregnancy with no hernia complications. None received hernia repair before delivery. Nine out of 41 patients (22.0%) received Caesarean section. Fourteen out of 22 (63.6%) patients with inguinal hernias developed during pregnancy reported hernia disappearance after delivery, of whom five experienced hernia recurrence. One out of five patients with ventral hernia developed during pregnancy experienced hernia disappearance after delivery with no recurrence. 43.9% received hernia repair after delivery.

Conclusions

It is safe to adopt conservative management in pregnant women. Vaginal delivery is not contraindicated. We recommend watchful waiting during pregnancy and repair after delivery.
Effects of dietary vitamin E supplementation levels on growth performance, breast muscle meat quality characteristics, and fatty acid composition of geese
Authors: Yang Zhi , Xu Chen , Sun Qingyu , Xu Xuean , Yu Jun , Yang Haiming , Wang Zhiyue
Published: July 2022

This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with vitamin E (VE) on the growth performance, breast muscle quality, fatty acid (FA) composition, and muscle fiber characteristics of geese. In the present study, a total of 240 healthy 29‐day‐old male Jiangnan white geese were randomly divided into six experimental groups, with five replicates in each group and eight geese in each replicate. Group A, the control group, was fed a basal diet; Groups B, C, D, E, and F were fed diets supplemented with 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg VE. After feeding for 70 days of age, one gosling from each replicate was randomly selected and slaughtered to assess the breast muscle quality characteristics, lipid oxidation, FA composition, and muscle fiber characteristics. The results showed that dietary VE supplementation did not significantly affect the growth performance, breast muscle quality characteristics, or muscle fiber characteristics of geese (p > 0.05). Dietary supplementation with 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg VE significantly decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content of the breast muscle compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation with 40 and 80 mg/kg VE significantly increased the retention of α‐tocopherol in pectoral muscle, decreased polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) oxidation, and increased the proportion of n‐3 PUFAs (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 5–80 mg/kg VE to the basal diet (VE content of the basal diet: 17.53 mg/kg) had no significant effect on the growth performance of geese. However, dietary supplementation with 40–80 mg VE increased the retention of α‐tocopherol in breast muscle tissue, reduced the oxidation of PUFAs, and increased the content of n‐3 PUFAs. Thus, under these experimental conditions, dietary supplementation with 40–80 mg/kg VE is recommended, which is beneficial to human health.

Practical Application

Appropriate supplementation of VE could increase meat quality and the beneficial components in breast muscle of geese. It provides a theoretical basis for future production of high‐quality goose meat.
Structural Variability and Rifting Process of the Segmented Cenozoic Pearl River Mouth Basin, Northern Continental Margin of the South China Sea
Authors: MA Bingshan , QI Jiafu , WU Guanghui , REN Jianye , YANG Linlong , SUN Tong , CHEN Shi , CHEN Weichang , GE Jiawang
Published: July 2022

The Pearl River Mouth Basin (PRMB) is an important area for studying the evolution of continental marginal basins in the northern South China Sea (SCS), but the structural variability and spatiotemporal rifting process remains poorly understood. This study investigates the differential structural features of the eastern, middle and western PRMB, as well as the extensional deformation laws in operation during the rifting stage, according to an integrated analysis of geometric characteristics and kinematic parameters, i.e., horizontal displacement and stretching factors of basin and crust. The PRMB underwent at least three phases of intense extension, which varied in time and space. (1) During the middle Eocene, most sags in the PRMB were intensely stretched and high‐angle planar to listric boundary faults controlled the wedge‐shaped stratigraphic geometry. (2) During the late Eocene‐to‐early Oligocene, the stratigraphic geometry of the sags was slightly wedge‐shaped and continuously controlled by boundary faults, however, the extensional strength decreased relatively in the Northern depression zone, but increased in the Southern depression zone. (3) During the late Oligocene, the extension was extremely weak in the northeast PRMB, but relatively strong in the southwest PRMB, leading to tabular stratigraphic geometry in the northeast PRMB, but localized slightly wedge‐shaped stratigraphic geometry in the southwest. The southwest PRMB still underwent relatively strong extension during the early Miocene. The southwest PRMB that was induced by a small‐scale localized mantle convection system constantly rifted during the late Oligocene, controlled by the weak lithosphere, westward (southwestward) diachronous opening and southward jump of the ocean ridge. The applied quantitative parameters and spatiotemporal rifting process may be used as a reference with which to study the segmented continental margin rifts.
Accretion Processes of Oceanic Crust in Slow‐spreading Ridges: Plagiogranite Perspective of the Xigaze Ophiolite, South Tibet
Authors: LI Yuan , LI Ruibao , YANG Shengbiao , ZHANG Jian , YANG Jingsui
Published: July 2022

Structural and petrological data suggest that the Xigaze ophiolite from the Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone (YZSZ) in south Tibet was a typical slow‐spreading ridge. A new field, geochemical, mineral, and U‐Pb zircon dataset of plagiogranite intrusions were used to constrain the dynamic processes of oceanic accretion in this slow‐spreading ridge. Plagiogranites mainly occur as dykes or intrusions intruded into the whole sequence of the ophiolite and have a similar orientation to the dolerite dykes developed in the late stage of detachment faulting. U‐Pb zircon ages of 122–123 Ma were obtained for two types of plagiogranites and associated dolerite dykes. Detailed geochemical and mineralogical examinations suggest that the plagiogranites are the product of low‐pressure (2–3 kbar) fractional crystallization of mid‐ocean ridge basalt‐like magma and unlikely to have been derived from the partial melting of hydrous gabbroic rocks. The complex cross‐cut relationship between the plagiogranites and ophiolite sequence reflects that they are controlled by small discontinued melt lenses rather than a big magma chamber under the ridge axis and reveals multiple injections during the oceanic crust accretion. The formation of plagiogranites possibly reflects the complex characteristic of oceanic accretion at slow‐spreading ridges, time‐dependent on structural (external) and magmatic (internal) processes.
Prevalence, co‐morbidities, and in‐hospital mortality of patients hospitalized with alcohol‐associated hepatitis in the United States from 2015 to 2019
Authors: Marlowe Natalie , Lam David , Krebs William , Lin WeiQi , Liangpunsakul Suthat
Published: July 2022

Background

The goals of our study are to determine the most recent trends in hospitalization, mortality, and healthcare utilization among hospitalized patients with alcohol‐associated hepatitis (AH) in the United States.

Methods

We examined the recent prevalence, co‐morbidities, and mortality in hospitalized AH patients in the United States based on the available National Inpatient Sample (NIS) data (2015 to 2019) using appropriate International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes. We reported our data as national estimates based on the discharge weighting variable (DISCWT). Logistic regression analyses were used to determine factors associated with mortality.

Results

We observed an increase in the total number of hospitalized AH patients from 110,135 in 2015 to 136,620 in 2019, which represented 386 per 100,000 total hospitalizations or 42 per 100,000 US population, which in 2019 was 328 million. Patients were a mean of 48 years old and the majority were White and male. The average length of stay was around 6 days with an overall in‐hospital mortality that decreased from 4.19% in 2015 to 3.86% in 2019 (p‐value for trend = <0.0001). During the 5‐year study period, a total of 24,795 hospitalized AH patients died and 592,885 survived the hospital stay. Those who died were older, had a longer length of stay, and higher hospital charges during the stay. Mortality was significantly greater in patients who presented with complications from portal hypertension, those with acute renal failure, underlying cirrhosis, and sepsis.

Conclusions

Our study documented the increasing prevalence of hospitalized AH patients and their significant associated healthcare costs and utilization. Our results underscore a continuing unmet and urgent need to identify effective therapies for hospitalized AH patients.
The impact of withholding nitrous oxide in labour during the COVID‐19 pandemic on maternal and neonatal outcomes
Authors: Froessler Bernd , Malek Michaela , Jila Mathonsi , Parange Anupam , Kelly Thu‐Lan
Published: July 2022

Nitrous oxide is commonly used in Australia for labour analgesia. Its use in labour is potentially associated with aerosol generation. During the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic of 2020, nitrous oxide was suspended on many birthing units to reduce the risk of transmission. We aimed to determine the impact of withholding nitrous oxide for labour analgesia, during the COVID‐19 pandemic, on epidural rates, opioid analgesia use, and maternal and neonatal outcomes. Withholding nitrous oxide for labour analgesia did not alter epidural rates but did significantly increase opioid analgesia use. Caesarean section rates, post‐partum blood loss and neonatal APGAR scores did not change.
Qualitative and quantitative analysis of doctor–patient interactions during andrological consultations
Authors: Santi Daniele , Spaggiari Giorgia , Romeo Marilina , Ebert Riccardo , Corradini Federico , Baraldi Claudio , Granata Antonio R. M. , Rochira Vincenzo , Simoni Manuela , Gavioli Laura , Niemants Natacha S. A.
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Although a trustworthy connection between doctor and patient is crucial in clinical practice, it could be hindered by different cultural and linguistic backgrounds. Moreover, an effective doctor–patient interaction could be even more challenging in andrological fields, in which psychological and social components are predominant.

Aim

To analyse the doctor–patient relationship in the andrological field, applying both qualitative and quantitative analyses.

Methods

monocentric, cross‐sectional, observational study was performed between May and December 2018. During the study, all patients aged >18 years attending the Modena Andrology Unit for couple infertility or erectile dysfunction were enrolled and the doctor–patients interaction recorded. Patients were divided into two groups depending on their medical seeking and were further divided between native and non‐native speakers of Italian. All patients underwent a routine andrological examination. Every first medical consultation was audio‐recorded and transcribed using “ELAN” software for socio‐linguistic analysis. Transcriptions underwent qualitative analysis through conversation analysis. Then, quantitative analyses were performed, and interaction parameters underwent correlation analyses.

Results

Twenty‐five patients were enrolled. The analysis of the andrological interview allowed to recognise five consecutive phases, following a semi‐standardized pattern. Patients without linguistic barriers and with infertility problems showed more autonomous contribution during the consultation. No difference arose in the sexual dysfunctions group. Doctor's explanations were frequent, but when linguistic barrier was present or Italian patients seemed less talkative, explanations were shorter, and doctors tried to use other conversational mechanisms to promote understanding. Patient's variables were significantly lower compared to the doctor, considering the number of turns (p = 0.025) and their minimum (p = 0.032), maximum (p < 0.001), and average durations (p < 0.001). Only patient's latency was significantly higher than the doctor's (p = 0.001).

Conclusion

This is the first attempt to analyse the doctor–patient relationship in andrology using authentic audio‐recorded consultations. The results confirmed that a patient‐centred communication must be applied also in andrological consultations. However, the topics discussed may require more “medical formulation” to be acceptable to the participants in this context.
Implementation of a clinical pathway for osteoporosis management within an Orthopaedic Fracture Clinic
Authors: Narula Siddarth , Kelly David , Welthy Lisa , Prosser Gareth , Mattin Andrew , Yates Piers Jason , Seymour Hannah
Published: July 2022

Background

A fracture liaison service (FLS) is a multidisciplinary system approach to reducing subsequent fracture risk in patients with a recent fragility fracture. This study investigated the utility of an alternate model delivered by orthopaedic surgeons in increasing the investigation and treatment of osteoporosis within an orthopaedic fracture clinic in a tertiary hospital.

Method

We established a pathway of treatment (FLS) for women ≥50 years old with a minimal trauma fracture (MTF) in the orthopaedic fracture clinic using existing clinic resources to identify patients. All female patients ≥50 years old with upper limb MTFs during the study period were included and compared with historical controls prior to the intervention. The intervention and control groups were compared to assess the capacity of the new model of care to identify suitable patients and deliver best practice care.

Results

After the intervention the cumulative rate of osteoporosis screening increased from 52/173 to 201/318 (P < 0.001). Among the patients who were screened for osteoporosis the treatment rate increased from 25/52 to 126/201 (P < 0.001). The intervention resulted in a significant reduction in patients who were not screened after MTF from 87/173 to 40/318 (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

We have developed a low‐cost pathway developed by the orthogeriatric team integrated into an orthopaedic fracture clinic that leads to increased screening and treatment of osteoporosis. This model was implemented in a tertiary hospital with an integrated inpatient orthogeriatric service and highly engaged orthopaedic surgeons and may not be applicable in other settings.
Indications for intensive care unit treatment among neonates born to mothers with thyroid disease: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Turunen Suvi , Vääräsmäki Marja , Marttila Riitta , Leinonen Maarit K. , Gissler Mika , Männistö Tuija , Suvanto Eila
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Thyroid diseases in pregnancy are relatively common and are associated with adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes, increasing a neonate’s risk of admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The aim of this study was to evaluate the indications for increased risk of NICU admission among the neonates of hypothyroid and hyperthyroid mothers.

Material and methods

The study data consisted of all singleton deliveries (n = 734 773) between 2004 and 2016 in Finland collected from the Finnish Medical Birth Register. The odds of NICU admission (with 95% confidence intervals) were compared between the neonates of hypothyroid or hyperthyroid mothers and of mothers without any thyroid diseases by specified neonatal characteristics and morbidities using logistic regression analysis. The studied neonatal characteristics were preterm birth (<37+0 gestational weeks), low birthweight (<2500 g), the rate of small‐ and large‐for‐gestational age infants, and eight disease‐specific neonatal outcomes: asphyxia, respiratory distress syndrome, meconium aspiration syndrome, pneumothorax, cardiovascular problems, infections, jaundice and hypoglycemia.

Results

The most common indications for NICU care were principally the same in the neonates of the mothers with and without thyroid disease: respiratory distress syndrome, infections, preterm birth, low birthweight and neonatal hypoglycemia. The preterm neonates, neonates with low birthweight, and large‐for‐gestational‐age infants had increased odds of NICU admission if their mother had hypothyroidism. Also neonates with cardiovascular problems, jaundice or hypoglycemia associated with maternal diabetes had increased odds of NICU admissions if their mother had hypothyroidism. Further, the preterm neonates, large‐for‐gestational‐age infants, and term infants with jaundice had increased odds of NICU admission if their mother had hyperthyroidism.

Conclusions

The most common indications for NICU care were similar for the neonates of the mothers with and without thyroid disease. However, the neonates of the mothers with thyroid diseases were more likely to need NICU care. The neonates of the mothers with thyroid diseases had higher odds of NICU treatment in cases of preterm birth, large for gestational age, and hypoglycemia.
Association of platelet deficiency with severe retinopathy of prematurity: a review
Authors: Seliniotaki Aikaterini K. , Haidich Anna‐Bettina , Moutzouri Stella , Lithoxopoulou Maria , Ziakas Nikolaos , Lundgren Pia , Hellström Ann , Mataftsi Asimina
Published: July 2022

Aim

The aim of this review was to compile existing evidence on the role of platelets in the development of severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the available studies and critically discuss the reported data.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed from January 2000 to January 2022, and the reference lists of the included studies were screened manually.

Results

There were 19 primary studies that fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Experimental research indicated lower platelet count in mice oxygen‐induced retinopathy model compared with normoxia controls, while platelet transfusions suppressed neovascularisation. The latter finding was not consistently confirmed in clinical research, where a low platelet count, an increased number of thrombopenic episodes and of platelet transfusions have all been implicated in the development of ROP requiring treatment, either type I or aggressive posterior or both. However, existing studies exhibit significant clinical heterogeneity and present methodological limitations that imperil their reliability and validity.

Conclusion

Platelet deficiency has been associated with severe ROP. However, critical thresholds of platelet parameters are still unrecognised. Future research is required to determine whether platelet parameters can be predictive biomarkers for ROP requiring treatment and at what thresholds.
Greater negative affect reduction expectancies moderate the interactive relationship between emotion regulation difficulties and distress tolerance in predicting loss‐of‐control eating
Authors: Burr Emily K. , Dvorak Robert D. , Peterson Roselyn , De Leon Ardhys N.
Published: July 2022

Objectives

Loss‐of‐control eating (LOCE) is often conceptualized as a negative reinforcement mechanism. However, LOCE does not consistently reduce negative affect (NA). One explanation for continued LOCE, despite a lack of NA reduction, may be expectations of NA reduction. Emotion regulation difficulties and low distress tolerance often predict LOCE, but have not been examined in the context of NA reduction expectancies.

Design

This study examined the main and interactive relationships between emotion regulation difficulties, distress tolerance and NA reduction expectancies on LOCE in US adults (n = 3331).

Method

This study consisted of a battery of surveys administered to a national sample of US adults.

Results

Results indicate NA reduction expectancies are robust, eclipsing the predictive effects of other emotion regulation variables. Distress tolerance was only able to attenuate the relationship between emotion regulation difficulties and LOCE when NA reduction expectancies were low.

Conclusions

These findings identify NA reduction expectancies as having a strong relationship with LOCE, such that the protective factor of distress tolerance is only relevant when such expectancies are low. Clinical implications suggest that targeting NA reduction expectancies in eating interventions that bolster emotion regulation difficulties and distress tolerance may improve the effectiveness of said interventions. Additionally, stand‐alone expectancy interventions should be assessed for the purpose of LOCE reduction. Directions for future research are discussed.
Subtyping primary aldosteronism by inconclusive adrenal vein sampling: A derivation and validation study in a tertiary centre
Authors: Zibar Tomsic Karin , Dusek Tina , Alduk Anamarija , Knezevic Nikola , Molnar Vilim , Kraljevic Ivana , Skoric Polovina Tanja , Balasko Annemarie , Solak Mirsala , Matas Nino , Popovac Hrvoje , Kralik‐Oguic Sasa , Kastelan Darko
Published: July 2022

Objective

Indices based on aldosterone/cortisol (A/C) concentration in the successfully cannulated adrenal vein (AV) and in the inferior vena cava (IVC) (AV/IVC) appear to be possible markers to verify the subtype of primary aldosteronism (PA) in the case of inconclusive results of adrenal vein sampling (AVS). The variability of results in previous studies encouraged us to calculate AV/IVC and adrenal A/C cutoff values that could predict the aetiology of PA.

Methods

This retrospective study included 96 patients who underwent AVS due to PA between 2015 and 2020. The derivation cohort ultimately consisted of 60 patients with bilaterally successful AVS and a clear diagnosis of unilateral or bilateral disease. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to find the optimal A/C and AV/IVC cutoff values predicting the subtype of PA. The validation cohort consisted of 11 patients with either unsuccessful cannulation or a borderline lateralization index (LI), those patients underwent adrenalectomy because their indices were suggestive of unilateral disease based on the derivation cohort data.

Results

The cutoff values of A/C ≤ 0.63 or AV/IVC ≤ 0.37 identified unaffected glands with a sensitivity of 91.2% and 97.1%, respectively, and a specificity of 90.7% and 88.4%, respectively. Unilateral ipsilateral gland involvement was characterized by A/C ≥ 3.5 or AV/IVC ≥ 3.4 with a corresponding specificity of 100%. All patients in the validation cohort achieved biochemical remission postoperatively.

Conclusions

A/C and AV/IVC cutoff values could be a useful tool to determine the subtype of PA in patients with unilateral successful AVS as well as in patients with a borderline LI.
New insights into the phylogeny of the complex thalloid liverworts (Marchantiopsida) based on chloroplast genomes
Authors: Xiang You‐Liang , Jin Xin‐Jie , Shen Chao , Cheng Xia‐Fang , Shu Lei , Zhu Rui‐Liang
Published: July 2022

Marchantiopsida (complex thalloid liverworts) are one of the earliest lineages of embryophytes (land plants), and well‐known for their air pores and chambers, pegged rhizoids, and absence of organellular RNA editing sites. Despite their importance to an understanding of early embryophyte evolution, many key nodes within this class remain poorly resolved, owing to the paucity of genetic loci previously available for phylogenetic analyses. Here, we sequenced 54 plastomes, representing 28 genera, nearly all families, and all orders of Marchantiopsida. Based on these plastomes, we present a hypothesis of deep relationships within the class, and make the first investigations of gene contents and synteny. Overall, the Marchantiopsida plastomes were well‐conserved, with the exception of the genus Cyathodium that has plastomes with higher GC content, fewer single sequence repeats (SSRs), and more structural variations, implying that this genus might possess RNA editing sites. Abundant repetitive elements and six highly divergent regions were identified as suitable for future infrafamilial taxonomic studies. The phylogenetic topology of Sphaerocarpales, Neohodgsoniales and Blasiales within Marchantiopsida was essentially congruent with previous studies but generally we obtained higher support values. Based on molecular evidence and previous morphological studies, we include Lunulariales in Marchantiales and suggest the retention of narrowed delimitation of monotypic families. The phylogenetic relationships within Marchantiales were better resolved, and 13 monophyletic families were recovered. Our analyses confirmed that the loss of intron 2 of ycf3 is a synapomorphy of Marchantiidae. Finally, we propose a new genus, Asterellopsis (Aytoniaceae), and present an updated classification of Marchantiopsida. The highly supported phylogenetic backbone provided here establishes a framework for future comparative and evolutionary studies of the complex thalloid liverworts.
Redefining shelter: humanitarian sheltering
Authors: George Jennifer Ward , Guthrie Peter , Orr John J.
Published: July 2022

Shelter is one of the most ‘intractable problems’ in humanitarian aid and yet there is little clarity on an overarching definition. Terminology for shelter and housing is often conflated, and the most prominent definition does not fully reflect recent progress in the Shelter and Settlements Sector. This paper explores the varying terminology utilised in definitions of shelter within humanitarian aid since 1990, reflecting on the concepts of ‘shelter’ and ‘housing’, alongside surrounding perceptions of ‘house’ versus ‘home’, and related measures of adequacy. The current, most prolific definition is also deconstructed, demonstrating ambiguity in some of terminology such as ‘dignity’ and ‘privacy’, and revealing that interpretation of this definition depends on the reader's knowledge. Lastly, a new definition of ‘sheltering’ is proposed, encompassing five key reflections: the concept of process over object; the inclusion of communities and individuals; the commonality of long‐term sheltering; the wider effects of shelter; and the impacts on host communities and environment.
Rediscovery of Macroplea japana (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Donaciinae), an aquatic leaf beetle once thought to be extinct in Japan
Authors: Kato Makoto , Sota Teiji
Published: July 2022

Macroplea japana (Jacoby, 1885) has not been collected in Japan since the 1960s and was thought to be locally extinct. Recently, we collected this species from submerged aquatic plants growing in the nearshore zone of Lake Biwa, Shiga Prefecture, where it had previously been recorded from the stomach contents of pochards in the 1950s. We conducted a molecular phylogenetic analysis to identify the phylogenetic position of the Japanese M. japana within the tribe Haemonini of the Holarctic region, which consists of Macroplea in Eurasia and Neohaemonia in North America. We found that M. japana specimens from Japan and China were genetically close to each other and distantly related to all other known Macroplea species from Asia and Europe, indicating the species identity of the Japanese and Chinese populations and the distinct species status of M. japana.
Epilepsy disrupts hippocampal phase precision and impairs working memory
Authors: Arski Olivia N. , Wong Simeon M. , Warsi Nebras M. , Pang Elizabeth , Kerr Elizabeth , Smith Mary Lou , Taylor Margot J. , Dunkley Benjamin T. , Ochi Ayako , Otsubo Hiroshi , Sharma Roy , Yau Ivanna , Jain Puneet , Donner Elizabeth J. , Snead O. Carter , Ibrahim George M.
Published: July 2022

Objective

Working memory deficits are prevalent in childhood epilepsy. Working memory processing is thought to be supported by the phase of hippocampal neural oscillations. Disruptions in working memory have previously been linked to the occurrence of transient epileptic activity. This study aimed to resolve the associations between oscillatory neural activity, transient epileptiform events, and working memory in children with epilepsy.

Methods

Intracranial recordings were acquired from stereotactically implanted electrodes in the hippocampi, epileptogenic zones, and working memory‐related networks of children with drug‐resistant epilepsy during a 1‐back working memory task. Interictal epileptic activity was captured using automated detectors. Hippocampal phase and interregional connectivity within working memory networks were indexed by Rayleigh Z and the phase difference derivative, respectively. Trials with and without transient epileptiform events were compared.

Results

Twelve children (mean age = 14.3 ± 2.8 years) with drug‐resistant epilepsy were included in the study. In the absence of transient epileptic activity, significant delta and theta hippocampal phase resetting occurred in response to working memory stimulus presentation (Rayleigh z‐score = 9, Rayleigh z‐score = 8). Retrieval trials that were in phase with the preferred phase angle were associated with faster reaction times (p = .01, p = .03). Concurrently, delta and theta coordinated interactions between the hippocampi and working memory‐related networks were enhanced (phase difference derivative [PDD] z‐scores = 6–11). During retrieval trials with pre‐encoding or pre‐retrieval transient epileptic activity, phase resetting was attenuated (Rayleigh z‐score = 5, Rayleigh z‐score = 1), interregional connectivity was altered (PDD z‐scores = 1–3), and reaction times were prolonged (p = .01, p = .03).

Significance

This work highlights the role of hippocampal phase in working memory. We observe poststimulus hippocampal phase resetting coincident with enhanced interregional connectivity. The precision of hippocampal phase predicts optimal working memory processing, and transient epileptic activity prolongs working memory processing. These findings can help guide future treatments aimed at restoring memory function in this patient population.
Associations of combat exposure and parental locus of control in deployed mothers and fathers
Authors: Darawshy Neveen Ali‐Saleh , Gewirtz Abigail H. , Cheng Cheuk H. , Piehler Timothy
Published: July 2022

Objective

Relying upon the military family stress model, we evaluated the associations between combat exposure, PTSD symptoms, and parental locus of control (PLOC) among mothers and fathers with history of deployment, using a multigroup analysis.

Background

Few studies have investigated the correlates of deployment‐related stressors for deployed mothers and none have examined perceptions of parenting efficacy. The relationship between combat exposure and PTSD symptoms may differ by gender.

Method

The sample (421 fathers and 117 mothers) was selected by combining baseline data from two distinct randomized controlled trials of a parenting program for post‐deployed military families: ADAPT and ADAPT 4 U (Gewirtz et al., 2018a).

Results

Our analyses revealed a significant indirect effect of PTSD symptoms between combat exposure and PLOC, among deployed parents, with no gender differences in the indirect effect.

Conclusion

Relationships between combat exposure, PTSD symptoms, and PLOC support a military family stress model, and highlight the need to support parents with PTSD symptoms because PTSD symptoms appear to be a mechanism through which combat exposure affects parenting beliefs and perceptions.

Implications

Prevention and intervention research should focus on how parenting programs might help to reduce PTSD symptoms and improve parental perceptions of efficacy, confidence, and control.
Letter to the editor on “Satellite observations document trends consistent with a boreal biome shift”
Authors: Timoney Kevin
Published: July 2022

This article is a Letter to the Editor by Berner and Goetz, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16121
Academic freedom in the re‐imagined post‐Humboldtian Europe
Authors: Marini Giulio , Oleksiyenko Anatoly
Published: July 2022

This editorial presents the special issue on challenges of academic freedom in Europe, predominantly in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). The volume provides a novel empirical stream of research, urging scholars to face the emerging discourse and problems of academic freedom in the contemporary higher education systems that were largely overlooked in the analyses dominated by the West‐oriented global neoliberalism following the collapse of the USSR. Acknowledging collision and collusion between global competition for excellence and predomination of national interests, we propose to re‐conceptualize the premises and prospects of academic freedom in the discourse of global higher education. We advance the idea of a post‐Humboldtian university, assuming that modern universities are increasingly influenced by the geopolitical imperatives that depreciate academic freedom. The special issue exemplifies these concerns by detailed analyses in such contexts as Turkey, Hungary, Poland, Ukraine, Georgia, and a comparative analysis across Great Britain and continental Europe.