bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Volumetric Study of the Corpus Callosum in the Turkish Population
Authors: Soysal Handan , Acer Niyazi , Özdemir Meltem , Eraslan Önder
Published: June 2021

Objective The aim of this study is to measure the average corpus callosum (CC) volume of healthy Turkish humans and to analyze the effects of gender and age on volumes, including the genu, truncus, and splenium parts of the CC.

Patients and Methods Magnetic resonance imaging brain scans were obtained from 301 healthy male and female subjects, aged 11 to 84 years. The median age was 42 years (min–max: 11–82) in females and 49 years (min–max: 12–84) in males. Corpus callosum and its parts were calculated by using MRICloud. CC volumes of each subject were compared with those of the age and gender groups.

Results All volumes of the CC were significantly higher in males than females. All left volumes except BCC were significantly higher than the right volumes in both males and females. The oldest two age groups (50–69 and 70–84 years) were found to have higher bilateral CC volumes, and bilateral BCC volumes were also higher than in the other two age groups (11–29 and 30–49 years).

Conclusion The results suggest that compared with females/males, females have a faster decline in the volume of all volumes of the CC. We think that quantitative structural magnetic resonance data of the brain is vital in understanding human brain function and development.
Lipodystrophy of Abdominal Pannus: A Severe Complication of Phosphatidyl Choline Injections
Authors: Telang Parag S.
Published: June 2021

“Injection lipolysis” or “mesotherapy” is done for introducing various substances into deeper layers of the skin with the aim to dissolve subcutaneous fat. However, the safety profile of these chemicals is poorly regulated. Therefore, they may cause side effects or long-term sequelae that can be disastrous for the patient. We present such a case that required surgical management to salvage it and to give an aesthetically acceptable result.
Multilevel cooperation in the EU resolution of cross-border bank groups: lessons from the non-euro area Member States joining the Single Resolution Mechanism (SRM)
Authors: Smoleńska Agnieszka
Published: June 2021

Cross-border banking presents a unique set of challenges in the EU from the perspective of arranging administrative oversight structures. Structuring cooperation between different EU and national authorities in a way which is conducive to trust-building and mutual engagement is an essential condition for overcoming disintegrative tendencies in the internal market. To assess how the existing EU arrangements fare in this regard in the context of EU resolution law, this article comparatively analyses the different models of multilevel administrative cooperation in the post-crisis EU framework. These are specifically the centralised model of the European Banking Union (Single Resolution Mechanism) and the relatively looser networked model of the resolution colleges. The multilevel cooperation under both models is nuanced given the distinct roles of the national resolution authorities, EU agencies and the differentiated status of non-euro area Member States in the EBU (Croatia, Bulgaria). The article’s findings allow to identify specific problems of constitutional nature pertaining to the accountability of administrative cooperation, equality of Member States and the implications ofMeronidoctrine’s distortive effects.
Determinants of mergers and acquisitions among Finnish cooperative and savings banks
Authors: Huhtilainen Matias , Saastamoinen Jani , Suhonen Niko
Published: June 2021

This study is the first to examine mergers and acquisitions among small, regional stakeholder banks that belong to the same group. Using data on Finnish unlisted cooperative and savings banks, we investigate the relationship between bank-specific factors and the likelihood of a bank being an acquirer or an acquisition target. We find that large banks tend to acquire small and inefficient banks. Additionally, we examine the loan growth and find a negative (positive), statistically significant association with the likelihood of a bank being an acquisition target (acquirer). Finally, we document an increase in the likelihood of a bank being an acquisition target subsequent to an increase in the share of net fees and commission income against total assets.
Performance evaluation of wind power industry chain based on three-stage DEA
Authors: Dong Fugui , An Xiaowen , Li Chenyang
Published: June 2021

With the development of the economy and society, the problems of resources and the environment are becoming more and more prominent. As an environmentally friendly and clean energy, wind energy is developing rapidly with the support of relevant policies and technologies. At the same time, the development of the wind power industry is also faced with some problems, as the “abandoning wind” phenomenon of wind farms is still relatively common; the continuous decline of wind turbine prices and the sharp rise in operation and maintenance costs have further reduced the profit space of wind power manufacturers. The fundamental reason for the series of difficulties in the development of the wind power industry is the imbalance between the various links in the wind power industry chain. There is an urgent need to evaluate the performance of the wind power industry chain to improve the weak links. In this paper, by using the three-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) model, the input-oriented BCC model is used in the first stage, and the stochastic Frontier analysis method is used to analyze the input relaxation variables in the second stage to eliminate two exogenous factors. In the third stage, the adjusted input variables are recalculated in the first stage, and the chain performance value of the wind power industry excluding environmental factors and random errors is obtained in the performance evaluation. This paper takes China's wind power industry as an example and makes an overall analysis of the upstream, middle, and downstream of the wind power industry chain from three aspects: technology performance, scale performance, and pure technology performance. The results show that under the support of policy and economy, the technical performance of the upper and lower reaches of China's wind power industry chain is higher, while the performance of the wind power industry chain is underestimated by environmental factors. The three-stage DEA model can eliminate the influence of environmental and random errors, which makes the evaluation of the wind power industry chain more objective. In addition, according to the evaluation results, the optimization direction of each structure of the industrial chain is put forward.
, a new North American genus of family Ceratophyllaceae: evidence based on cladistic analyses of current molecular data of
Authors: Mavrodiev Evgeny V. , Williams David M. , Ebach Malte C. , Mavrodieva Anna E.
Published: June 2021

The major goal of this study was to re-analyse a published molecular dataset based on ITS and matK sequences of the genus Ceratophyllum (Ceratophyllaceae) within a cladistic framework, operating only with rooted trees. The problem is lack of an identifiable suitable outgroup to Ceratophyllum. We show different ways to root trees and thus resolve the sister group relationships within this genus. We root the trees using an all zero outgroup or a combination of exemplar taxa from among monocots (Acorus), eudcots (Ranunculus) and Chloranthus. Ceratophyllum echinatum was consistently strongly supported as sister to all of the remaining taxa of the genus. This observation is congruent with the earlier results of Les who noted the uniqueness of C. echinatum in a series of comprehensive morphological and biosystematic studies. We, here, transfer C. echinatum to a new and presumably monotypic genus Fassettia Mavrodiev. The exact taxonomic circumscription of Fassettia requires further investigation.
Carbon (δ
Authors: Smith C. J. , Chalk P. M.
Published: June 2021

Following cultivation, substantial loss of soil organic matter occurs in surface soil layers. No-till is an agronomic practice to reverse or slow the loss of soil organic matter. We reviewed 95 research papers that used 13C natural abundance of soils to quantify the impact of tillage on the C dynamics of cropping systems. New C (from current cropping systems) accumulated in the surface soil under no-till, whereas the most extreme cultivation (mouldboard ploughing) mixed new C throughout the soil. There was a decline in soil C with years of cultivation. Compared with land that had been tilled, no-till generally had little impact on the accumulation on soil organic C. Tillage and residue retention caused stratification in C stocks that depended on tillage depth, with the highest C concentrations and stocks found in the surface under no-till. Shifts in the δ13C signature indicated significant exchange of ‘new’ C for the original (old) C. Tillage methods had no impact on the size and δ13C signature of the microbial biomass pool. Change in δ13C indicates that microbial biomass rapidly incorporates new carbon. The largest change in the δ13C values (Δ13C) was observed in the coarse sand fraction, whereas the smallest change occurred in the clay fraction. Comparison of conventional vs no-till showed inconsistent results on the effect of tillage on C in the different particle size fractions. Natural 13C abundance data show that no-till cropping systems do not result in increases in soil organic C in the top 0.30 m of soil.
Dissociations between glucose metabolism and blood oxygenation in the human default mode network revealed by simultaneous PET-fMRI
Authors: Stiernman Lars Jonasson , Grill Filip , Hahn Andreas , Rischka Lucas , Lanzenberger Rupert , Panes Lundmark Vania , Riklund Katrine , Axelsson Jan , Rieckmann Anna
Published: June 2021

Significance

A consistent finding from functional MRI (fMRI) of externally focused cognitive control is negative signal change in the brain’s default mode network (DMN), but it is unknown whether this reflects an increase of synaptic activity during rest periods or active suppression during task. Using hybrid PET-MRI, we show that task-positive fMRI responses align with increasing glucose metabolism during cognitive control, but task-negative fMRI responses in DMN are not accompanied by corresponding decreases in metabolism. The results are incompatible with an interpretation of task-negative fMRI signal in DMN as a relative metabolic increase during a resting baseline condition. The present results open up avenues for understanding abnormal fMRI activity patterns in DMN in aging and psychiatric disease.
Can single photon excitation of two spatially separated modes lead to a violation of Bell inequality via weak-field homodyne measurements?
Authors: Das Tamoghna , Karczewski Marcin , Mandarino Antonio , Markiewicz Marcin , Woloncewicz Bianka , Żukowski Marek
Published: June 2021

We reconsider the all-optical weak homodyne-measurement based experimental schemes aimed at revealing Bell nonclassicality (‘nonlocality’) of a single photon. We focus on the schemes put forward by Tan et al (TWC, 1991) and Hardy (1994). In our previous work we show that the TWC experiment can be described by a local hidden variable model, hence the claimed nonclassicality is apparent. The nonclassicality proof proposed by Hardy remains impeccable. We investigate which feature of the Hardy’s approach is crucial to disclose the nonclassicality. There are consequential differences between TWC and Hardy setups: (i) the initial state of Hardy is a superposition of a single photon excitation with vacuum in one of the input modes of a 50–50 beamsplitter. In the TWC case there is no vacuum component. (ii) In the final measurements of Hardy’s proposal the local settings are specified by the presence or absence of a local oscillator field (on/off). In the TWC case the auxiliary fields are constant, only phases are varied. We show that in Hardy’s setup the violation of local realism occurs due to the varying strength of the local oscillators. Still, one does not need to operate in the fully on/off detection scheme. Thus, the nonclassicality in a Hardy-like setup cannot be attributed to the single-photon state alone. It is a consequence of its interference with the photons from auxiliary local fields. Neither can it be attributed to the joint state of the single photon excitation and the local oscillator modes, as this state is measurement setting dependent. Despite giving spurious violations of local realism, the TWC scheme can serve as an entanglement indicator, for the TWC state. Nevertheless an analogue indicator based on intensity rates rather than just intensities overperforms it.
The integrated angular bispectrum of weak lensing
Authors: Jung Gabriel , Namikawa Toshiya , Liguori Michele , Munshi Dipak , Heavens Alan
Published: June 2021

We investigate three-point statistics in weak lensing convergence, through the integrated bispectrum. This statistic involves measuring power spectra in patches, and is thus easy to measure, and avoids the complexity of estimating the very large number of possible bispectrum configurations. The integrated bispectrum principally probes the squeezed limit of the bispectrum. To be useful as a set of summary statistics, accurate theoretical predictions of the signal are required, and, assuming Gaussian sampling distributions, the covariance matrix. In this paper, we investigate through simulations how accurate are theoretical formulae for both the integrated bispectrum and its covariance, finding that there a small inaccuracies in the theoretical signal, and more serious deviations in the covariance matrix, which may need to be estimated using simulations.
Core breaking and possible magnetic rotation in the semimagic nucleus 90Zr *
Authors: Wang Hao , Ma Ke-Yan , Liu Si-Ying , Lu Jing-Bin
Published: June 2021

The semimagic nucleus 90Zr, with Z = 40 and N = 50, is investigated in terms of large scale shell model calculations. A logical agreement is obtained between the available experimental data and predicted values. The calculated results indicate that the low-lying states are primarily dominated by the proton excitations from the fp orbitals across the Z = 38 or 40 subshell into the high-j

orbital. For the higher-spin states of 90Zr, the breaking of the N = 50 core plays a crucial role, and the contribution of different orbitals to each state are discussed in this article. The evolution from neutron core excitations to proton excitations is systematically studied along the neighboring N = 50 isotones. Furthermore, the strong

= 1 sequence demonstrates an abrupt backbend attributed to the alignment of the valence nucleons in fp proton orbitals and is proposed to have a

configuration before the backbend, based on the shell model calculations. The properties of this sequence before the backbend indicate a general agreement with the fingerprints of magnetic rotation; hence, the sequence with the

configuration is suggested as a magnetic rotational band arising from shears mechanism.
Research progress and application of negative temperature cementitious materials
Authors: Wang Zhihang , Bai Erlei , Wang Han , Luo Xin , Meng Xin
Published: June 2021

This article mainly analyzes the geopolymer cement, composite cementing material, magnesium phosphate cement and sulfoaluminate cement suitable for negative temperature environment, and summarizes the different research results at this stage. Finally, some problems that still exist in negative temperature cementitious materials are described.
Beam commissioning of the coupled RFQ-SFRFQ cavity
Authors: Wang Z. , Xia W.L. , Lu Y.R. , Zhu K. , Gao S.L. , Zhao J. , Chen J.E.
Published: June 2021

We developed a novel compact structure, called a Coupled RFQ-SFRFQ (CRS), to accelerate a 0.8 MeV helium beam for a materials irradiation project. A high accelerating efficiency was achieved by replacing the accelerating section of the radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) with a separated-function radio frequency quadrupole (SFRFQ) structure, in a single cavity. Following the electromagnetic simulations, RF measurement of the CRS cavity was performed, including low RF power and high RF power measurement. Recently, beam experiments on the CRS linac indicated that the maximum accelerated beam current could reach 2 mA with an energy of 0.8 MeV and energy spread (FWHM) of 3.1%. The experimental measurement results showed good consistency with the beam dynamics simulations.
Removal of artifacts caused by grating imperfections in X-ray phase contrast tomography
Authors: Du T.Y. , Gao K. , Wu Z. , Tian Y.C.
Published: June 2021

Artifact removal algorithms are crucial for image quality in computed tomography. Many ring artifact removal algorithms have been proposed in conventional X-ray absorption computed tomography, but relatively fewer algorithms were suggested for differential X-ray phase contrast imaging. In this paper, a novel method is proposed to eliminate the ring artifacts caused by grating imperfections in X-ray phase contrast tomography. This method requires 360-degree projection data and exploits the anti-symmetry of conjugate rays to locate the artifact regions. Moreover, an interpolation scheme for sinogram-domain is proposed to correct artifacts. Experimental results show that the algorithm performs well in the case of severe artifacts.
Study of p-type silicon MOS capacitors at HL-LHC radiation levels through irradiation with a cobalt-60 gamma source and a TCAD simulation
Authors: Asenov P. , Assiouras P. , Boziari A. , Filippou K. , Kazas I. , Kyriakis A. , Loukas D. , Morozzi A. , Moscatelli F. , Passeri D.
Published: June 2021

During the era of the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) the devices in its experiments will be subjected to increased radiation levels with high fluxes of neutrons and charged hadrons, especially in the inner detectors. A systematic program of radiation tests with neutrons and charged hadrons is being carried out by the CMS and ATLAS Collaborations in view of the upgrade of the experiments, in order to cope with the higher luminosity at HL-LHC and the associated increase in the pile-up events and radiation fluxes. In this work, results from a complementary radiation study with 60Co-γ photons are presented. The doses are equivalent to those that the outer layers of the silicon tracker systems of the two big LHC experiments will be subjected to. The devices in this study are MOS capacitors fabricated on the float-zone oxygenated p-type silicon wafer. The results of CV measurements on these devices are presented as a function of the total absorbed radiation dose following a specific annealing protocol. The measurements are compared with the results of a TCAD simulation.
Feasibility study of an efficient method to measure depth profile of particle ions using a wedge-shaped acrylic block
Authors: Yamamoto S. , Yabe T. , Akagi T.
Published: June 2021

The depth-profile measurement of particle ions is a time- and labor-consuming task, and thus an efficient method is desired. To solve this problem, we propose a new method to measure depth profiles and test it for carbon ions. In our method, we use a thin silver-activated zinc sulfide (ZnS(Ag)) scintillator plate set against the inner top side of a black box and irradiate a uniform carbon-ion beam to this plate from the upper side. On the ZnS(Ag) plate, a wedge-shaped acrylic block is set to absorb the carbon ions depending on the plate’s position. The scintillation light’s image is reflected by a surface mirror set below the ZnS(Ag) plate and then detected by a cooled charge-coupled device (CCD) camera from the side. We irradiate carbon ions for 6 s and measure the ZnS(Ag) image that is partially attenuated by the wedge-shaped acrylic block. By setting the profile on the measured image, we could estimate the depth profile of the carbon-ion beam, although a quenching of the scintillator is observed around the Bragg peak area. We conclude that our proposed method is promising for efficiently measuring the depth profile of particle ions.
Poleward shifts in marine fisheries under Arctic warming
Authors: Fauchald Per , Arneberg Per , Debernard Jens Boldingh , Lind Sigrid , Olsen Erik , Hausner Vera Helene
Published: June 2021

As global warming makes the Arctic Ocean more accessible, concerns have been raised about the environmental consequences of a possible expansion of commercial fisheries into pristine marine ecosystems. Using a recently released global dataset, we quantify for the first time how fishing activities are responding to diminishing sea ice and a warmer Arctic Ocean. We show that trawling dominates Arctic fisheries and that this activity penetrates rapidly into Arctic shelf areas previously protected by extensive ice-cover as a response to interannual sea ice loss. We model the development of trawling activity under a climate change scenario and use the model to identify areas with high risk of increased trawling activity and estimate the amount of trawling avoided in recently established fishery protection zones. Stronger responsibility must be undertaken by Arctic coastal states to regulate increased fishing pressure and protect vulnerable Arctic shelf ecosystems.
Impact of green roofs on heavy rainfall in tropical, coastal urban area
Authors: Patel Pratiman , Karmakar Subhankar , Ghosh Subimal , Aliaga Daniel G , Niyogi Dev
Published: June 2021

Green Roofs (GRs) are one of the measures considered for Urban Heat Island (UHI) mitigation. The cooling effects of GRs are well studied in the literature. However, previous work has not addressed the impacts of GRs on heavy rainfall in cities. This study develops and tests the hypothesis that incorporating green roofs in urban areas enhances the magnitude of rain for heavy rainfall events. To test this, examples of heavy rainfall events over three different years are examined over Mumbai, India, one of the megapoleis that continues to witness heavy rains and urban flooding. The heavy rain events are simulated using Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model for different green roof fraction (GF) scenarios (10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) over the urban area. The GF simulations are compared to the ‘no GF’ simulation (control run). The results indicate a consistent increase (1%–72%) in the total accumulated precipitation in all GF scenarios. Additional moisture and increased equivalent potential temperature aided the formation and sustenance of localized pockets of enhanced rain occurrences, contributing to the total amount of rainfall for the rain events for the domain. The increase in rainfall amounts leads to higher runoff and can increase the risk of flash floods. Thus, it is necessary to account for this rainfall-based feedback of GR before adopting it as a mitigation option. The results of this work may be helpful in effective urban planning and managing the urban climate extremes.
Field-based evidence of changes in household PM2.5 and exposure during the 2020 national quarantine in China
Authors: Li Jianpeng , Men Yatai , Liu Xinlei , Luo Zhihan , Li Yaojie , Shen Huizhong , Chen Yilin , Cheng Hefa , Shen Guofeng , Tao Shu
Published: June 2021

Air pollution exposure depends not only on outdoor but also on indoor air quality and human activities. The outbreak of coronavirus in 2019 occurred close to the Spring Festival in China, when many rural-to-urban workers moved to their hometowns, resulting in increased household (HH) consumption of solid fuels for space heating in the rural north. In this study, field measurements of HH PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic size ⩽2.5 μm) from a rural village were performed to evaluate changes in indoor, outdoor, and total exposure during the quarantine. Both indoor and outdoor PM2.5 were, as expected, higher during the heating period than during the non-heating period, resulting in much more exposure during the heating season. Indoor exposure accounted for up to 87% and 95% of the total PM2.5 exposure during the non-heating and heating periods, respectively. The contributions of indoor exposure associated with internal sources were 46% and 66%, respectively. Indoor coal combustion resulted in an increment of about 62 ± 12 μg m−3 in indoor PM2.5 exposure. Due to the quarantine, the indoor-originated PM2.5 exposure increased by 4 μg m−3 compared to that during the heating period before the lockdown. In comparison with the exposure before the quarantine during the heating period, the outdoor exposure decreased by 5 μg m−3 during the quarantine, which was mainly attributable to much less time spent outdoors, although the outdoor PM2.5 levels increased from 86 ± 49 μg m−3 to 104 ± 85 μg m−3. However, the overall exposure increased by 13 μg m−3 during the quarantine, resulting from the changes in outdoor exposure (−5 μg m−3), outdoor-originated indoor PM2.5 exposure (+9 μg m−3), PM2.5 from indoor sources before the quarantine (+5 μg m−3), and quarantine-induced indoor PM2.5 increments (+4 μg m−3). The increase in air pollution exposure during quarantine deepened concerns about the issue of HH air pollution and the clean HH energy transition actions required to eliminate traditional solid fuels.
A review of the effect of UAE optimization parameters on antioxidant activity
Authors: Elshreef H S , Mirghani M E S , Sulaiman S , Jami M S
Published: June 2021

Optimization of Ultrasound-assisted extraction parameters is necessary to determine the optimum level of the parameters, including solvent-to-material ratio, power, extraction time, solvent concentration, temperature, and pH. This review focuses on the UAE parameters’ effects on the antioxidant activity, their interactions, and the best method of examining antioxidant activity to respond to the UAE’s optimization. It was determined that the optimal extraction time is 15 minutes, and any duration longer than that could result in reduction of antioxidant activity. The temperature effect is important, wherein antioxidant activity decreases significantly when the extraction temperature is higher than 45 °C. Increasing the solvent concentration beyond 50% decreased the antioxidant activity. No increase in antioxidant activity was observed with a solvent/sample ratio greater than 40 ml/g. Increased ultrasound power leads to increased antioxidant compounds, especially in the range of ultrasound power, such as 50 to 150 W. However, higher ultrasound power creates free hydroxyl radicals that destroy the antioxidant compound. With an increase in pH, the radical scavenging activity increases significantly. It should, however, be at a near-neutral level, such as pH 6. Comparative literature has shown that optimizing UAE contributes to enhanced antioxidant activity and enhances resource conservation, such as energy and chemicals.
Water quality of Sempu Strait to support the ecosystem resilience
Authors: Isdianto A , Luthfi O M , Asadi M A , Haykal M F , Harahab N , Kurniawan A , Wicaksono A D
Published: June 2021

Sempu Island is one of the marine conservation areas, which has an important function in the conservation stage, namely preservation, preservation itself means the preservation of biodiversity and protected areas in biotic and abiotic life support systems. Many problems arise on Sempu Island as a protected area due to lack of access, which triggers a conflict of interest in the management of the area between policy makers and the community. Water quality is an important parameter for assessing water conditions and productivity associated with other biotic parameters, such as plankton and zooxanthellae. The method used in this research is quantitative method with direct in-situ data collection using water quality parameters measuring instrument AAQ Rinko 1183. Data collection was carried out at 15 station points in the Sempu Strait. The results obtained show that the average temperature in the Sempu Strait waters is 26.27 °C, turbidity is 0.40 ftu, salinity levels are 34.57 ppt, pH levels are 8.6, DO levels are 6.656074 mg / L, and chlorophyll content of 1.17 mg / m 3. This research is the result of preliminary research from the advanced research stage, which discusses the resilience of the Sempu Island aquatic ecosystem.
Phytoplankton species distribution around the fishing ground of Oma waters, Central Maluku, Indonesia
Authors: Haumahu S , Kesaulya I , Siwalette E T
Published: June 2021

Oma water is directly related to the Banda Sea, which causes this water to have the highest diversity of fisheries resources. Oma waters is a potential fishing ground for small and big pelagic fishes. One of the most important pieces of information on the abundance of small fishes in this area is the abundance of phytoplankton. Until now, there was not any information available on phytoplankton species composition as well as its abundance. The objective of this research was to study the species composition of phytoplankton, its abundance and, some ecological indices. Sampling was carried out in April 2017 at a 14-fixed sampling station using Kitahara plankton net. Sampling was conducted vertically from 20 meters depth to the surface water. Hydrological parameters such as temperature, salinity, pH, and water transparency were measured in-situ. Nitrate and phosphate were analyzed in a chemical laboratory in LIPI-Ambon. The total of 65 phytoplankton species was identified from the study area and can be grouped into Bacillariophycea, Dinophyceae, and Cyanophyceae. Bacillariophycea has dominated this phytoplankton species composition (70.70%). A total abundance of phytoplankton in this study area varied from 1.09 × 105 cells l -1 to 5.70×105 cells l -1. The five dominant species found in this study were Guinardia flacida, Thalassionema nitzschioides. Skeletonema costatum, Thalassiosira gravida, Chaetoceros curvisetus, and The Shannon diversity index (H’) varied from 1.447 to 2.774. The evenness index (J’) was between 0.404 and 0.738. The dominance index was from 0.262 to 0.596. Phytoplankton abundance had a positive correlation with water transparency and salinity, whereas the number of phytoplankton had a positive correlation with seawater temperature and nitrate concentration
Financial feasibility of hand line fisheries and determination of tuna production in Ambon Island
Authors: Siahainenia S M , Apituley Y M T N , Bawole D
Published: June 2021

The potential availability of fish resources can be utilized in various economic activities to improve the welfare of coastal communities. The utilization of tuna by using hand line is still carried out by small and medium scale fisheries with some limitations, such as technical production, costs and management skills. The purpose of this study was to describe the technical profile of tuna fishery production in Ambon Island, specifically in Negeri Tial and Negeri Laha; analyze the absolute profit level of tuna fishermen; analyze hand line fisheries business feasibility; and determine the efficient fishing input. Negeri Tial and Laha are the centers of handline fisheries in Ambon Island. This study was conducted by survey. Primary data collection through empirically constructed questionnaires and secondary data obtained from several related agencies. Samples were taken purposively, so that the number of samples in each Negeri was 20 units. A qualitative method approach is used to describe the technicalities of tuna fisheries production, while for other purposes a quantitative approach is used. The results showed that in increasing production, tuna fishermen in Tial and Laha used relatively the same type of hand line and fishing vessel size, but the use of artificial bait in Laha was more varied. Both research objects gain advantages and are feasible to be developed. Fishing input that is efficient in increasing production is the experience of fishermen and the frequency of fishing. Based on the research results, hand line tuna fisheries in Negeri Tial and Laha can be developed to improve the welfare of business actors.
Feeding habits of giant trevally Caranx ignobilis (Carangidae) rearing in floating cage nets
Authors: Loupatty J W , Laimeheriwa B M , Wenno P A , Keiwury O
Published: June 2021

The aim of this research is to determine the amount of trash fish the fish need for growth, and possible saving strategies through reducing the amount of feed until the minimum requirement is reached. Bubara fish C. ignobilis was reared in aquatec floating cages, each cage measuring 3 m × 3 m × 3m. In this study, the fish were reared in four smaller bags, with the size 1.5m × 1.5m × 1.5m placed in one large bag. As many as 75 fish with varying sizes were placed in a small bag, while 20 selected fish were allowed to measure. Fish that are placed in small bags vary in size with a length of 9.56 - 11,125 cm (TL) and a weight of 6.5 - 8.7 g. Each small bag was given different treatments, successively as follows: three day fasting - three day eating (T3), four day fasting - four day eating (T4), and five day fasting - five day eating (T5). Fish are fed 10 -15% of the total biomass, at 8:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. daily for 70 consecutive days. Every week, the measurement of waters parameters is carried out to determine the condition of the waters that support aquaculture activities. The results showed that there was weight gainned in the three treatments which were stated based on the absolute growth rate in weight (AGR): 0.65 g.day -1 in T3 treatment; 0.77 g.day -1 in T4 treatment; and 0.80 g.day -1 in T5 treatment. Bubara fish C. ignobilis also had the best survival rates during the rearing period even though they were treated without food with the survival rates of 90 - 95%. The efficiency of feed utilization as stated by the FCR shows that the treatment without food (fasting treatment) can be used as a mode to reduce feed spending. Treatment without food is also able to increase the number of small intestinal villi to expand the absorption surface, so that more feed is used compared to those left to rot at the bottom of the bag.
Masculinization of beta fish larvae Betta splendens through the different treatment immersion of honey solution and larval age
Authors: Pattiasina B J , Pattinasarany M M , Manuputty M M D , Kokmesa E R
Published: June 2021

Betta fish Betta splendens have morphological differences between males and females. Male betta fish have more attractive body colors and shapes than females. This causes the selling value and market demand for males to be higher than that of females. Therefore, it is necessary to make efforts to get enough male fish through masculinization. So far masculinization or the sex reversal into males using androgen hormones before sex differentiation occurs. However, the use of steroid hormones has been banned and reduced, because they cause environmental and public health problems and are carcinogenic. This study used natural honey solution to determine the effect of length immersion time in the honey solution and to obtain a suitable larval age for masculinization on the early gonadal formation and larval survival after treatment. Masculinization was carried out using larvae in three treatments immersion time as follows 10 hours, 11 hours, 12 hours, and control. After that, the treatment was continued with the best results of the treatment using 7-day old larvae (D7), D9, and D11. Each treatment using 30 larvae was immersed in a honey solution of 3 liters with a concentration of 5 ml / L. The treatments were kept until 60 days before sex observation. Early observations of gonad formation were carried out after the larvae were D20 with HE-stained histology. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a chi-square test. The results showed that the treatment for 12 hours of immersion had the highest male sex ratio (93%). While the treatment on D7 larvae age in honey solution had the highest percentage in males (96%). It can be concluded that the increase in the percentage of male betta fish is influenced by the length of time immersion in the honey solution and the age of the larvae in the first week after hatching. All treatments did not affect the survival of betta fish larvae.
Characteristic of physicochemical ATC Kappaphycus alvarezii from Kolorai Village South Morotai District on different harvesting time
Authors: Hiariey S L , Lekahena V N J , Safar I
Published: June 2021

Kappaphycus alvarezii is kind of red seaweeds that can be cultivated to produce carrageenan. Fishermen in Kolorai Island of South Morotai are cultivated this seaweed. A number of studies show that the quality of carrageenan was determined by the length times of cultivation and coastal chemical physics parameter. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of harvesting Kappaphycus alvarezii on different time to characteristic ATC flour. Random design complete one factor used to know the influence of treatment at the different harvesting time (30, 40 and 50 days) and used the extraction of 8% NaOH solution. The parameters observed included yield, whiteness degree, moisture content, ash content, viscosity and gel strength. Result showed that ATC flour at harvest time 40 days was the best with gel strength 630.77g/cm2; yield harvest 10.20%; whiteness degree 57.88 at physical test. The chemical test showed that moisture content and ash content is low 12.70 % and 37.40 %. Eight percent of NaOH extraction did not give significant influence of harvest yield, whiteness degree, ash content and moisture content, but give significant influence of gel strength of ATC flour.
Investigation of Escherichia
coli contamination in fresh momar (Decapterus sp) in Ambon City fish market
Authors: Wattimena M L , Mailoa M N , Tupan J , Putri F A , Nanlohy E E E M , Leiwerissa S , Leiwakabessy J , Lokollo E , Huwae J R , Usu La
Published: June 2021

The process of handling fresh fish by traders is still inadequate in terms of safety when handling fish after rigor mortis. Preliminary exploration in the market results in the fish that reach consumers being contaminated microbiologically in addition to chemical and physical contamination. Microbiological contamination is of great concern because it can potentially cause disease. This study investigated Escherichia coli contamination on momar (Decapterus sp) sold in three Ambon City fish markets, namely the Arumbae fish market, the Rumah Tiga fish market and the Wayame fish market. This study used descriptive analysis with E. coli detection testing. The results of the investigation of the presence of E. coli is positive for momar in the Arumbae market and it is already exceeding the maximum contaminant of ISO 7388-2009 E. coli bacteria in fresh fish. On the other hand, E. coli bacteria is not detected for momar from the Rumah Tiga market and the Wayame market. The potential for E. coli contamination in the Arumbae market may come from the washing water used.
The impact of climate variables on nutmeg (Mirystica fragrans HOUTT) production in Saparua Island, Central Maluku Regency
Authors: Rehatta H , Leatemia J A , Laimeheriwa S
Published: June 2021

Nutmeg is a prime estate commodity that has high economic value, a major source of income for farmers in some areas of Maluku as well as a source of Indonesian foreign exchange through export. Nutmeg is originally from Banda archipelago, Maluku, Indonesia. Nutmeg grows in specific areas with certain agroclimatic condition, therefore climate as an environmental factor plays an important role in nutmeg production. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of climate variables on the productivity of nutmeg in Saparua Island. The study was conducted in Saparua Island, Central Maluku Regency from April to October 2017. Survey method was used in this study. Three villages were chosen purposively since they are the center of nutmeg production on the island. Direct observations were done in the fields as well as interviewing key respondents. Statistical and climate data was obtained from related institutions. Rainfall trend was analyzed to determine climate change and regression analysis was done to see the relationship between climate variables (air temperature, air relative humidity and annual rainfall) with nutmeg production in the last 10 years. The result showed that there has been an increased in total rainfall of 374 mm (13.0%) in the study area in the period of the last 30 years (1987-2016) compared with the previous period (1957-1986) which indicates there has been climate change in Saparua island. The contribution of climate variables (air temperature, air relative humidity and rainfall) to nutmeg production were 45.52%; 37.13% and 55.12% respectively.
Calculation of evaporation rates of all components in Ag-Pb-Sn ternary alloy in vacuum distillation using modified molecular interaction volume model
Authors: You Yanjun , Kong Lingxin , Xu Junjie , Liu Ganggang , Yang Bin
Published: June 2021

In this study, the activities of each component in Ag-Pb, Ag-Sn, Pb-Sn binary and Ag-Pb-Sn ternary alloy systems were predicted using molecular interaction volume model (MIVM), modified molecular interaction volume model (M-MIVM), Wilson equation and nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) model, respectively. The average standard deviation and average relative deviation of these four models are also calculated. The results show that the prediction deviations of M-MIVM are smallest among four models, which indicates that M-MIVM is reliable for prediction of activity of these alloy systems. The volatilization coefficients (α) of Ag-Pb, Ag-Sn and Pb-Sn binary alloy systems were calculated based on M-MIVM. The results show that α
Ag-Pb ≫ 1 and α
Pb-Sn ≪ 1, which indicates that Pb will be enriched in the vapor phase while Ag (or Sn) in the liquid phase in vacuum distillation of Ag-Pb alloy (or Pb-Sn alloy). The values of α
Ag-Sn were in the range from 0.1 to 10 which indicates that Ag-Sn alloy is difficult to be separated by vacuum distillation. The evaporation rates of each component in Ag-Pb, Ag-Sn, Pb-Sn and Ag-Pb-Sn alloy systems at 1173 K, 1273 K and 1373 K were calculated based on M-MIVM. The results indicate that the evaporation rate of Pb is in the order of magnitude 10−1 ∼ 101 in Ag-Pb, Pb-Sn and Ag-Pb-Sn alloy systems and it is 104 ∼ 106 times larger than that of Sn (or Ag). The evaporation rate of Pb in Pb-Sn alloy decreases with the addition of the third component Ag. This work provides a new method for the development of kinetics research and a theoretical guidance for industrial production in vacuum distillation.
Estimation of the boiling point and prediction of the VLE in methyl benzoate + N-octane binary liquid systems via viscosity-temperature dependence at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Alzamil Noura O
Published: June 2021

Prediction and estimation of physicochemical properties of binary mixtures are of high importance for understanding the structure and molecular interactions. Excess and deviation properties exhibiting non-linear behaviour in methyl benzoate + n-Octane binary liquid mixtures at (303.15, 308.15, and 313.15) K for density and viscosity experimental values were presented in our earlier work. Here these experimental and calculated values were utilized to explore the applicability of the predictive Haj-Kacem equation and the recently proposed Messaâdi equation as well as their corresponding relative and derivative functions. Their correlation ability at different temperatures, with different parameters are also discussed in the case of limited experimental data. These relative functions are important to reduce the effect of temperature and, consequently, to unveil the effects of different natures of interactions. Despite the quasi-equality between the enthalpy for viscous flow activation ΔH*, and the viscosity Arrhenius energy of activation Ea, it limits excess partial molar energy of activation Ea1 and Ea2 for methyl benzoate and n-Octane, respectively, are investigated, along with their individual contributions independently. Molar activation energies at infinite dilution were deduced from different methods, activation parameters and partial molar Gibbs energy of activation for viscous flow against compositions were investigated. The results of these observations have been interpreted in terms of the structural effects of the solvents. In this context, a correlating equation is proposed in the present work and to estimate the normal boiling temperature of pure constituents and the nature of the isobaric vapour-liquid diagram in the binary liquid mixture. The obtained equations present a satisfactory result and are expected to be useful for future studies.
Pressure-induced phase transition in magnetoresistance perovskite La0.75Ca0.25MnO3: a GGA + U study
Authors: Mankou Bakala D P , Mouketo L , Malonda-Boungou B R , Joubert D , M’Passi-Mabiala B
Published: June 2021

Density functional theory calculations within a DFT+U approach have been carried out to determine the effect of hydrostatic pressure and strain on the structural, electronic and magnetic properties of La0.75Ca0.25MnO3. We investigate the opportunuty of the appearence of the A-type antiferromagnetic phase under pressure as observed from experiments. At ambient pressure and in the hydrostatic pressure regime (4–25 GPa), the system remains ferromagnetic in its ground state, and the A-type antiferromagnetic coupling is tied to Mn e
g
orbital order while the ferromagnetic behavior refers to orbital disorder one. No magnetic transition was found when increasing the hydrostatic pressure up to 25 GPa. Applying a tetragonal distortion along the b direction of the pnma orthorhombic structure, the system exhibits a transition from the ferromagnetic orbitally disordered phase to the A-type antiferromagnetic orbitally ordered phase at about 22.5 GPa, in agreement with experiment. Projected density of states (PDOS) calculations predict the pressure and strain effects that are discussed in terms of different electronic occupations through

d

x

2

−

y

2

and

d

3

z

2

−

r

2

orbitals.
A model liquid crystal cell in an RC circuit
Authors: Gartland Eugene C
Published: June 2021

A nematic liquid-crystal cell subject to an electric field created by electrodes held at constant potential is modeled as a variable capacitor in an RC circuit. The state of the system is characterized in terms of the director field in the cell and the charge on the electrodes. A dynamical system is developed that couples director dynamics in the cell (with no fluid flow) and charge dynamics in the circuit. The dynamical equations are derived from expressions for the total potential energy of the system and a dissipation involving a single rotational viscosity for the director plus Joule heating associated with current in the circuit. An effort is made to quantify effects, in particular the widely differing time scales for the processes involved, and numerical illustrations are given. The exercise illuminates aspects of the modeling of equilibrium states of such a system.
Rademacher–Gaussian tail comparison for complex coefficients and related problems
Authors: Chasapis Giorgos , Liu Ruoyuan , Tkocz Tomasz
Published: June 2021

We provide a generalisation of Pinelis’ Rademacher-Gaussian tail comparison to complex coefficients. We also establish uniform bounds on the probability that the magnitude of weighted sums of independent random vectors uniform on Euclidean spheres with matrix coefficients exceeds its second moment.