bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Canary Basin contribution to the seasonal cycle of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation at 26°N
Authors: Pérez‐Hernández M. D. , McCarthy G. D. , Vélez‐Belchí P. , Smeed D. A. , Fraile‐Nuez E. , Hernández‐Guerra A.
Published: October 2015

This study examines the seasonal cycle of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and its eastern boundary contributions. The cycle has a magnitude of 6 Sv, as measured by the RAPID/MOCHA/WBTS project array at 26°N, which is driven largely by the eastern boundary. The eastern boundary variations are explored in the context of the regional circulation around the Canary Islands. There is a 3 month lag between maximum wind forcing and the largest eastern boundary transports, which is explained in terms of a model for Rossby wave generated at the eastern boundary. Two dynamic processes take place through the Lanzarote Passage (LP) in fall: the recirculation of the Canary Current and the northward flow of the Intermediate Poleward Undercurrent. In contrast, during the remaining seasons the transport through the LP is southward due to the Canary Upwelling Current. These processes are linked to the seasonal cycle of the AMOC.
Southern Ocean eddy phenomenology
Authors: Frenger I. , Münnich M. , Gruber N. , Knutti R.
Published: October 2015

Mesoscale eddies are ubiquitous features in the Southern Ocean, yet their phenomenology is not well quantified. To tackle this task, we use satellite observations of sea level anomalies and sea surface temperature (SST) as well as in situ temperature and salinity measurements from profiling floats. Over the period 1997–2010, we identified over a million mesoscale eddy instances and were able to track about 105 of them over 1 month or more. The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), the boundary current systems, and the regions where they interact are hot spots of eddy presence, representing also the birth places and graveyards of most eddies. These hot spots contrast strongly to areas shallower than about 2000 m, where mesoscale eddies are essentially absent, likely due to topographical steering. Anticyclones tend to dominate the southern subtropical gyres, and cyclones the northern flank of the ACC. Major causes of regional polarity dominance are larger formation numbers and lifespans, with a contribution of differential propagation pathways of long‐lived eddies. Areas of dominance of one polarity are generally congruent with the same polarity being longer‐lived, bigger, of larger amplitude, and more intense. Eddies extend down to at least 2000 m. In the ACC, eddies show near surface temperature and salinity maxima, whereas eddies in the subtropical areas generally have deeper anomaly maxima, presumably inherited from their origin in the boundary currents. The temperature and salinity signatures of the average eddy suggest that their tracer anomalies are a result of both trapping in the eddy core and stirring.
Global C‐Band Envisat, RADARSAT‐2 and Sentinel‐1 SAR measurements in copolarization and cross‐polarization
Authors: Mouche A. , Chapron B.
Published: October 2015

Using colocated ASCAT and ECMWF winds, a careful global analysis of ENVISAT and Sentinel‐1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) measurements helps to refine, at medium resolution (tens of kilometers) and especially for HH configuration, a C‐band geophysical model function (GMF, i.e., C‐SARMOD) to analyze wind sensitivity for different incidence and azimuth angles. Results unify major findings from previous global and case studies for polarization ratio (PR, VV/HH), polarization difference (PD, VV‐HH), and cross‐polarization (CP). At lower level than standard two‐scale predictions, PR increases with increasing incidence angle and decreases with increasing wind speed. PR further exhibits a strong azimuthal modulation, with maximum values in downwind configurations. The PD azimuth modulation is found more pronounced for VV than HH (VV being larger than HH), reaching maximum values for wind speed about 10 m/s. CP signals decrease with incidence angle but increase with wind speed, especially beyond 10 m/s, with no evidence of saturation. Remarkably, this also applies to HH crosswind measurements. This comparable high wind sensitivity for both CP and HH crosswind signals, with a clear departure from PD ones, can be related to the onset of vigorous breaking events, large enough to impact in‐plane and out‐of‐plane local tilts. Considering that VV polarization best maximizes the polarized resonant contribution, combined CP and VV wide swath SAR observations can thus have the potential to efficiently map and contrast local directional aspects.
Water‐Induced Scandium Oxide Dielectric for Low‐Operating Voltage n‐ and p‐Type Metal‐Oxide Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Liu Ao , Liu Guoxia , Zhu Huihui , Song Huijun , Shin Byoungchul , Fortunato Elvira , Martins Rodrigo , Shan Fukai
Published: October 2015

Solution‐processed metal‐oxide thin films based on high dielectric constant (k) materials have been extensively studied for use in low‐cost and high‐performance thin‐film transistors (TFTs). Here, scandium oxide (ScOx) is fabricated as a TFT dielectric with excellent electrical properties using a novel water‐inducement method. The thin films are annealed at various temperatures and characterized by using X‐ray diffraction, atomic‐force microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, optical spectroscopy, and a series of electrical measurements. The optimized ScOx thin film exhibits a low‐leakage current density of 0.2 nA cm−2 at 2 MV cm−1, a large areal capacitance of 460 nF cm−2 at 20 Hz and a permittivity of 12.1. To verify the possible applications of ScOx thin films as the gate dielectric in complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) electronics, they were integrated in both n‐type InZnO (IZO) and p‐type CuO TFTs for testing. The water‐induced full oxide IZO/ScOx TFTs exhibit an excellent performance, including a high electron mobility of 27.7 cm2 V−1 s−1, a large current ratio (Ion/Ioff) of 2.7 × 107 and high stability. Moreover, as far as we know it is the first time that solution‐processed p‐type oxide TFTs based on a high‐k dielectric are achieved. The as‐fabricated p‐type CuO/ScOx TFTs exhibit a large Ion/Ioff of around 105 and a hole mobility of 0.8 cm2 V−1 at an operating voltage of 3 V. To the best of our knowledge, these electrical parameters are among the highest performances for solution‐processed p‐type TFTs, which represents a great step towards the achievement of low‐cost, all‐oxide, and low‐power consumption CMOS logics.
Construction of Nanowire Heterojunctions: Photonic Function‐Oriented Nanoarchitectonics
Authors: Li Yong Jun , Yan Yongli , Zhao Yong Sheng , Yao Jiannian
Published: October 2015

Nanophotonics has received broad research interest because it may provide an alternative opportunity to overcome the fundamental limitations of electronic circuits. So far, diverse photonic functions, such as light generation, modulation, and detection, have been realized based on various nano­materials. The exact structural features of these material systems, including geometric characteristics, surface morphology, and material composition, play a key role in determining the photonic functions. Therefore, rational designs and constructions of materials on both morphological and componential levels, namely nanoarchitectonics, are indispensable for any photonic device with specific functionalities. Recently, a series of nanowire heterojunctions (NWHJs), which are usually made from two or more kinds of material compositions, were constructed for novel photonic applications based on various interactions between different materials at the junctions, for instance, energy transfer, exciton–plasmon coupling, or photon–plasmon coupling. A summary of these works is necessary to get a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between photonic functions and architectonics of NWHJs, which will be instructive for designing novel photonic devices towards integrated circuits. Here, photonic function oriented nanoarchitectonics based on recent breakthroughs in nanophotonic devices are discussed, with emphasis on the design mechanisms, fabrication strategies, and excellent performances.
Enhanced Cathodic Oxygen Reduction and Power Production of Microbial Fuel Cell Based on Noble‐Metal‐Free Electrocatalyst Derived from Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: You Shijie , Gong Xiaobo , Wang Wei , Qi Dianpeng , Wang Xiuheng , Chen Xiaodong , Ren Nanqi
Published: October 2015

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) can generate electricity from organic substances based on anodic electrochemically active microorganisms and cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), thus exhibiting promising potential for harvesting electric energy from organic wastewater. The ORR performance is crucial to both power production efficiency and overall cost of MFC. A new type of metal‐organic‐framework‐derived electrocatalysts containing cobalt and nitrogen‐doped carbon (CoNC) is developed, which is effective to enhance activity, selectivity, and stability toward four‐electron ORR in pH‐neutral electrolyte. When glucose is used as the substrate, the maximum power density of 1665 mW m−2 is achieved for the optimized CoNC pyrolyzed at 900 °C, which is 39.8% higher than that of 1191 mW m−2 for commercial Pt/C catalyst in the single‐chamber MFC. The improved performance of CoNC catalyst can be attributed to large surface area, microporous nature, and the involvement of nitrogen‐coordinated cobalt species. These properties enable the efficient ORR by increasing the active sites and enhancing mass transfer of oxygen and protons at “water‐flooding” three‐phase boundary where ORR occurs. This work provides a proof‐of‐concept demonstration of a noble‐metal‐free high‐efficiency and cost‐effective ORR electrocatalyst for effective recovery of electricity from biomass materials and organic wastewater in MFC.
BRAT1‐related disease—identification of a patient without early lethality
Authors: Mundy Sheraden A. , Krock Bryan L. , Mao Rong , Shen Joseph J.
Published: October 2015

We present a patient with neonatal onset of hypertonia and seizures identified through whole exome sequencing to have compound heterozygous variants, c.294dupA (p.Leu99fs) and c.1925C>A (p.Ala642Glu), in the BRCA1‐associated protein required for ATM activation‐1 (BRAT1) gene. Variants in BRAT1 have been identified to cause lethal neonatal rigidity and multifocal seizure syndrome (OMIM# 614498), which consistently manifests a severe neurological phenotype that includes neonatal presentation of rigidity and hypertonia, microcephaly and arrested head growth, intractable seizures, absence of developmental progress, apneic episodes, and death usually by 6 months of age. Our patient initially had a similarly severe neurological picture but remains alive at 6 years of age, expanding the phenotype to include longer term survival and providing further insights into genotype‐phenotype correlations and the natural history of this disease. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical perspectives on osteogenesis imperfecta versus non‐accidental injury
Authors: Pereira Elaine Maria
Published: October 2015

Although non‐accidental injuries (NAI) are more common in cases of unexplained fractures than rare disorders such as osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), ruling out OI and other medical causes of fracture is always indicated. The majority of OI patients can be diagnosed with the help of family history, physical examination, and radiographic findings. In particular, there are a few radiological findings which are seen more commonly in NAI than in OI which may help guide clinician considerations regarding the probability of either of these diagnoses. At the same time, molecular testing still merits careful consideration in cases with unexplained fractures without obvious additional signs of abuse. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthetische kovalente und nichtkovalente zweidimensionale Materialien
Authors: Boott Charlotte E. , Nazemi Ali , Manners Ian
Published: October 2015

Die Herstellung synthetischer zweidimensionaler (2D‐)Materialien ist eine faszinierende, aber schwierige Aufgabe, angetrieben durch Anwendungsmöglichkeiten in der Elektronik, Biomedizin, Katalyse und Sensorik sowie in Form von Membranen für die Trennung und Filtration. Unser Aufsatz beleuchtet aktuelle Fortschritte auf diesem breiten Gebiet, mit Schwerpunkten auf kovalenten und nichtkovalenten 2D‐Polymeren und Gerüsten sowie auf selbstorganisierten 2D‐Materialien aus Nanopartikeln, Homopolymeren und Blockcopolymeren.
Branch‐Selective Alkene Hydroarylation by Cooperative Destabilization: Iridium‐Catalyzed ortho‐Alkylation of Acetanilides
Authors: Crisenza Giacomo E. M. , Sokolova Olga O. , Bower John F.
Published: October 2015

An iridium(I) catalyst system, modified with the wide‐bite‐angle and electron‐deficient bisphosphine dFppb (1,4‐bis(di(pentafluorophenyl)phosphino)butane) promotes highly branch‐selective hydroarylation reactions between diverse acetanilides and aryl‐ or alkyl‐substituted alkenes. This provides direct and ortho‐selective access to synthetically challenging anilines, and addresses long‐standing issues associated with related Friedel–Crafts alkylations.
Remote Multiproton Storage within a Pyrrolide‐Pincer‐Type Ligand
Authors: Nadif Soufiane S. , O'Reilly Matthew E. , Ghiviriga Ion , Abboud Khalil A. , Veige Adam S.
Published: October 2015

A chemically non‐innocent pyrrole‐based trianionic (ONO)3− pincer ligand within [(pyr‐ONO)TiCl(thf)2] (2) can access the dianionic [(3H‐pyr‐ONO)TiCl2(thf)] (1‐THF) and monoanionic [(3H,4H‐pyr‐ONO)TiCl2(OEt2)][B{3,5‐(CF3)2C6H3}4] (3‐Et2O) states through remote protonation of the pyrrole γ‐C π‐bonds. The homoleptic [(3H‐pyr‐ONO)2Zr] (4) was synthesized and characterized by X‐ray diffraction and NMR spectroscopy in solution. The protonation of 4 by [H(OEt2)2][B{C6H3(CF3)2}4] yields [(3H,4H‐pyr‐ONO)(3H‐pyr‐ONO)Zr][B{3,5‐(CF3)2C6H3}4] (5), thus demonstrating the storage of three protons.
Solid‐State Chemistry on the Nanoscale: Ion Transport through Interstitial Sites or Vacancies?
Authors: Bothe Cornelia , Kornowski Andreas , Tornatzky Hans , Schmidtke Christian , Lange Holger , Maultzsch Janina , Weller Horst
Published: October 2015

How can ion‐exchange process occur in nanocrystals without the size and shape changing and why is the ion transport much faster than in classical interdiffusion processes in macrocrystalline solids? We have investigated these processes at the molecular level by means of high‐resolution and analytical electron microscopy in temperature‐dependent kinetic experiments for several model reactions. The results clearly show a diffusion process that proceeds exclusively through the interstitial lattice positions with a subsequent “kick out” to remove individual ions from lattice sites without the formation of vacancies. This mechanism has not been observed in nanocrystalline systems before.
Scope and Mechanisms of Frustrated Lewis Pair Catalyzed Hydrogenation Reactions of Electron‐Deficient CC Double Bonds
Authors: Morozova Varvara , Mayer Peter , Berionni Guillaume
Published: October 2015

Several phosphonium and ammonium triarylborohydrides, which are intermediates in hydrogenation reactions catalyzed by frustrated Lewis pairs, were synthesized in high yield under mild conditions from triaryl boranes, ammonium or phosphonium halides, and triethylsilane. The kinetics and mechanisms of the reactions of these hydridoborate salts with benzhydrylium ions, iminium ions, quinone methides, and Michael acceptors were investigated, and their nucleophilicity was determined and compared with that of other hydride donors.
How to improve the sustainability of digital libraries and information Services?
Authors: Chowdhury Gobiinda G.
Published: October 2015

Arguing that environmental sustainability is a growing concern for digital information systems and services, this article proposes a simple method for estimation of the energy and environmental costs of digital libraries and information services. It is shown that several factors contribute to the overall energy and environmental costs of information and communication technology (ICT) in general and digital information systems and services in particular. It is also shown that end‐user energy costs play a key role in the overall environmental costs of a digital library or information service. It is argued that appropriate user research, transaction log analysis, user modeling, and better design and delivery of services can significantly reduce the user interaction time, and thus the environmental costs, of digital information systems and services, making them more sustainable.
A framework for evaluating automatic indexing or classification in the context of retrieval
Authors: Golub Koraljka , Soergel Dagobert , Buchanan George , Tudhope Douglas , Lykke Marianne , Hiom Debra
Published: October 2015

Tools for automatic subject assignment help deal with scale and sustainability in creating and enriching metadata, establishing more connections across and between resources and enhancing consistency. Although some software vendors and experimental researchers claim the tools can replace manual subject indexing, hard scientific evidence of their performance in operating information environments is scarce. A major reason for this is that research is usually conducted in laboratory conditions, excluding the complexities of real‐life systems and situations. The article reviews and discusses issues with existing evaluation approaches such as problems of aboutness and relevance assessments, implying the need to use more than a single “gold standard” method when evaluating indexing and retrieval, and proposes a comprehensive evaluation framework. The framework is informed by a systematic review of the literature on evaluation approaches: evaluating indexing quality directly through assessment by an evaluator or through comparison with a gold standard, evaluating the quality of computer‐assisted indexing directly in the context of an indexing workflow, and evaluating indexing quality indirectly through analyzing retrieval performance.
Towards an understanding of the relationship between disciplinary research cultures and open access repository behaviors
Authors: Fry Jenny , Spezi Valérie , Probets Stephen , Creaser Claire
Published: October 2015

This article explores the cultural characteristics of three open access (OA)‐friendly disciplines (physics, economics, and clinical medicine) and the ways in which those characteristics influence perceptions, motivations, and behaviors toward greenOA. The empirical data are taken from two online surveys of European authors. Taking a domain analytic approach, the analysis draws onBecher andTrowler's (2001) andWhitley's (2000) theories to gain a deeper understanding of whyOArepositories (OAR) play a particularly important role in the chosen disciplines. The surveys provided a unique opportunity to compare perceptions, motivations, and behaviors of researchers at the discipline level with the parent metadiscipline. It should be noted that participants were not drawn from a stratified sample of all the different subdisciplines that constitute each discipline, and therefore the generalizability of the findings to the discipline may be limited. The differential role of informal and formal communication in each of the three disciplines has shaped greenOApractices. For physicists and economists, preprints are an essential feature of their respectiveOARlandscapes, whereas for clinical medics final published articles have a central role. In comparing the disciplines with their parent metadisciplines there were some notable similarities/differences, which have methodological implications for studying research cultures.
Multistimuli‐Responsive Luminescence Switching of Pyrazine Derivative Based Donor–Acceptor–Donor Luminophores
Authors: Qin Zhenwen , Wang Yue , Lu Xuefeng , Chen Yijing , Peng Juan , Zhou Gang
Published: October 2015

Three symmetrical donor–acceptor–donor (D–A–D) luminophores (C1, C2, and C3) with pyrazine derivatives as electron‐withdrawing groups have been developed for multistimuli‐responsive luminescence switching. For comparison, reference compounds R1 and R2 without the pyrazine moiety have also been synthesized. Intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) interactions can be found for all D–A–D luminophores owing to the electron‐withdrawing properties of the two imine nitrogen atoms in the pyrazine ring and the electron‐donating properties of the other two amine nitrogen atoms in the two triphenylamine units. Moreover, luminophores C1, C2, and C3 exhibit “on–off–on” luminescence switching properties in mixtures of water/tetrahydrofuran with increasing water content, which is different from the “on–off” switching for typical aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) materials and “off–on” switching for traditional aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) materials. Additionally, upon grinding the pristine samples, luminophores C1, C2, and C3 display bathochromically shifted photoluminescence maxima that can be recovered by either solvent fuming or thermal annealing treatments. The piezofluorochromic (PFC) properties are more pronounced than those for reference compounds R1 and R2, which indicates that D–A molecules have the ability to amplify the PFC effect by tuning the ICT interactions upon tiny structural changes under pressure. Furthermore, the target luminophores demonstrate acid‐responsive photoluminescence spectra that can be recovered in either basic or ambient environments. These results suggest that D–A complexes are potential candidates for multistimuli‐responsive luminescence switching because their ICT profiles can be facilely tuned with tiny external stimuli.
Petroleum refinery greenhouse gas emission variations related to higher ethanol blends at different gasoline octane rating and pool volume levels
Authors: Kwasniewski Vincent , Blieszner John , Nelson Richard
Published: October 2015

Refinery GHG emissions were predicted for 10% and 30% ethanol blends at refinery blendstock octanes between 77 and 89 AKI at any gasoline pool energy content between parity and constant gasoline pool volume. Linear programming analyzed how separate E30 blending scenarios of 2017 PADD 2‐based refineries affect greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions relative to status quo gasoline (i.e., E10, 87 AKI and 93 AKI premium). The compliance synergy of higher ethanol blends illustrated here is pertinent to national policy goals and multiple environmental objectives. Study results have implications for CAFE Standards, US EPA Tier 3 fuel standards, and Clean Air Act regulations of stationary source CO2 emissions from refinery operations. Results varied by amounts and types of crude oil processed, refinery operations, refinery gasoline blendstock produced (and fuel ethanol blended), and produced refinery product composition and properties. Significant differences exist in total refinery GHG emissions (including emissions from purchased electricity and hydrogen) with the largest differences from coke burn in the fluidized catalytic cracker and refinery fuel gas combustion principally related to reformer operations. The concept of refinery GHG emissions intensity was introduced to differentiate between differences in refinery throughput (an extensive factor) and severity of refinery operations (intensive factors). Refinery GHG emissions decline 12% to 27% from a 2017 base case for the various 30% ethanol cases, highlighting a significant gap in current life cycle analysis (LCA) and supporting incorporation of this improved approach into LCA related to higher ethanol blends. This methodology can be adapted to other PADDs and/or for the USA. ©2015 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts, Biorefining published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phosphonium alkyl PEG sulfate ionic liquids as coating materials for activation of Burkholderia cepacia lipase
Authors: Matsubara Yui , Kadotani Shiho , Nishihara Takashi , Hikino Yoshichika , Fukaya Yukinobu , Nokami Toshiki , Itoh Toshiyuki
Published: October 2015

Lipases are among the most widely used enzymes applicable for various substrates; however, the slow reactions or poor enantioselective reactions are sometimes obtained. To develop ionic liquid type activating agents for lipase, four types of phosphonium cetyl(PEG)10 sulfate ionic liquids have been synthesized and used as coating materials of Burkholderia cepacia lipase (Lipase PS) through the lyophilization process. Tributyl ([2‐methoxy]ethoxymethyl)phosphonium cetyl(PEG)10 sulfate ([P444MEM][C16(PEG)10SO4]) (PL1) worked best among them, and PL1‐coated lipase PS displayed high reactivity in transesterification of broad types of secondary alcohols using vinyl acetate as an acylating reagent with perfect enantioselectivity (E > 200). The substrate preference of PL1‐PS differs from that of commercial lipase PS or [bdmim] [C16(PEG)10SO4]‐coated lipase (IL1‐PS); PL1‐PS displayed excellent enantioselectivity in the reaction of 2‐chloro‐1‐phenylethanol with E > 200, though insufficient E values were recorded for lipase PS (E = 12) and IL1‐PS (E = 123) for this alcohol. PL1‐PS also showed perfect enantioselectivity (E > 200) for the reaction of 1‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)ethanol, while IL1‐PS showed E = 130 for this compound. We further succeeded in demonstrating the recyclable use of PL1‐PS five times in tributyl(3‐methoxypropyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide ([P444PM][Tf2N]) as a solvent. Since PL1‐PS is easily applicable to 10–20 gram‐scaled reactions, it is expected that the IL‐coated enzyme might be useful for practical preparation of a wide variety of chiral secondary alcohols.
Cost–benefit analysis of an enhanced recovery protocol for pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Joliat G -R , Labgaa I , Petermann D , Hübner M , Griesser A -C , Demartines N , Schäfer M
Published: October 2015

Background

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programmes have been shown to decrease complications and hospital stay. The cost-effectiveness of such programmes has been demonstrated for colorectal surgery. This study aimed to assess the economic outcomes of a standard ERAS programme for pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Methods

  ERAS for pancreaticoduodenectomy was implemented in October 2012. All consecutive patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy until October 2014 were recorded. This group was compared in terms of costs with a cohort of consecutive patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy between January 2010 and October 2012, before ERAS implementation. Preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative real costs were collected for each patient via the hospital administration. A bootstrap independent t test was used for comparison. ERAS-specific costs were integrated into the model.

Results

The groups were well matched in terms of demographic and surgical details. The overall complication rate was 68 per cent (50 of 74 patients) and 82 per cent (71 of 87 patients) in the ERAS and pre-ERAS groups respectively (P = 0·046). Median hospital stay was lower in the ERAS group (15 versus 19 days; P = 0·029). ERAS-specific costs were €922 per patient. Mean total costs were €56 083 per patient in the ERAS group and €63 821 per patient in the pre-ERAS group (P = 0·273). The mean intensive care unit (ICU) and intermediate care costs were €9139 and €13 793 per patient for the ERAS and pre-ERAS groups respectively (P = 0·151).

Conclusion

  ERAS implementation for pancreaticoduodenectomy did not increase the costs in this cohort. Savings were noted in anaesthesia/operating room, medication and laboratory costs. Fewer patients in the ERAS group required an ICU stay.
A context‐aware mobile system for work‐based learning
Authors: Zhang Bingxue , Yin Chuantao , David Bertrand , Chalon René , Xiong Zhang
Published: October 2015

In this paper, we propose the design, implementation, and evaluation methods and results of a context‐aware mobile system for work‐based learning, named WoBaLearn. The main contribution is we proposed four conceptual design bases which can be applied in developing different work‐based learning environment. With WoBaLearn, professionals can easily access personalized, adaptive and just‐in‐time learning supports through their mobile devices in real working environment. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 24:263–276, 2016; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21704
Photocontrolled Exposure of Pro‐apoptotic Peptide Sequences in LOV Proteins Modulates Bcl‐2 Family Interactions
Authors: Mart Robert J. , Meah Dilruba , Allemann Rudolf. K.
Published: October 2015

LOV domains act as biomolecular sensors for light, oxygen or the environment's redox potential. Conformational changes upon the formation of a covalent cysteinyl flavin adduct are propagated through hydrogen‐bonding networks in the core of designed hybrid phototropin LOV2 domains that incorporate the Bcl homology region 3 (BH3) of the key pro‐apoptotic protein BH3‐interacting‐domain death agonist (BID). The resulting change in conformation of a flanking amphiphilic α‐helix creates a light‐dependent optogenetic tool for the modulation of interactions with the anti‐apoptotic B‐cell leukaemia‐2 (Bcl‐2) family member Bcl‐xL.
Keep your eye on …
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: October 2015

How the teen brain reacts to substance use

When irritability is not normal

The need for intervention strategies for early‐onset bipolar disorder
When picky eating is a sign of psychological distress
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: October 2015

Picky eating, the subject of a widely publicized study thanks to a Pediatrics article last summer, is no joke. It can tear families apart, turning what is supposed to be the peaceful, bonding time of the day — family dinnertime — into a battleground. Or, if not a battleground, a labor‐intensive grueling effort to prepare something that the picky child will eat.
Keep that radiation off of Me!
Authors: Balter Stephen
Published: October 2015

Key Points

Radial access may increase operator irradiation if the operator is closer to the X‐ray beam.

Using appropriate radiation shielding reduces occupational and eye doses without increasing patient irradiation.

Reusable shielding can substantially reduce the costs of averting a cancer or cataract relative to the cost of disposables.
Association of moderate chronic kidney disease with insufficient improvement of fractional flow reserve after stent implantation
Authors: Sakoda Kunihiro , Tanaka Nobuhiro , Hokama Yohei , Hoshino Kou , Murata Naotaka , Yamashita Jun , Yamashina Akira
Published: October 2015

Objectives

This study aims to investigate the association of moderate chronic kidney disease (CKD) with fractional flow reserve (FFR) after stent implantation.

Background

Patients with moderate CKD have a higher prevalence of severe and diffuse coronary artery disease, and have increased risk of cardiovascular events even after stent implantation. On the other hand, in some patients, FFR could not be sufficiently improved even after stent implantation. However, the association between these pathophysiological processes is unclear.

Methods and Results

A total of 102 patients with stable angina, in whom a stent was implanted for the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) lesion, were included. Patients with a severely decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR; > CKD stage 4) were excluded. Patients were stratified into 3 groups: those with an estimated GFR (eGFR) ≥ 60 mL per min per 1.73 m2 (stage 0‐2), 45 to 59 mL per min per 1.73 m2 (stage 3a), and 30 to 44 mL per min per 1.73 m2 (stage 3b). FFR after stent implantation (post‐stent FFR) was significantly lower in the stage 3b group than in both the stage 0‐2 group and the stage 3a group (P < 0.01). Post‐stent FFR had a significant positive correlation with eGFR (r = 0.223, P = 0.024). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that eGFR was an independent predictor of post‐stent FFR.

Conclusions

Moderate CKD was independently associated with insufficient improvement of FFR after stent implantation. This can partly explain the poor prognosis of patients with CKD. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation: Watch out for the leak, irrespective of aortic valve disease type
Authors: Belardi Jorge A. , Albertal Mariano
Published: October 2015

Key Points

Postprocedural aortic regurgitation (PAR) after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is associated with a worst clinical outcome.

The presence of chronic aortic regurgitation in TAVI candidates increases PAR risk but not overall survival.

Future valve prototypes will likely reduce the degree and frequency of this complication.
Alternative Hydrogen Source for Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation in the Reduction of Ketones
Authors: Wakeham Russell J. , Morris James A. , Williams Jonathan M. J.
Published: October 2015

cis‐1,4‐Butenediol is shown to be a highly active hydrogen source for asymmetric transfer hydrogenation in the reduction of ketones. With the use of a ruthenium catalyst, cis‐1,4‐butenediol is isomerised and subsequently oxidised to a lactone as an irreversible step, which provides the driving force for the asymmetric reduction of ketones.
Bipolar Electrochemical Displacement: A New Phenomenon with Implications for Self‐Limiting Materials Patterning
Authors: Braun Trevor M. , Schwartz Daniel T.
Published: October 2015

Bipolar electrochemical displacement (BED) enables direct‐write electrodeposition on a conducting substrate that has no electrical connection. We demonstrate this phenomenon using nickel deposition coupled to the equal and opposite displacement of copper. The driving force for BED is the solution potential gradient generated by a specially configured rastering microjet electrochemical cell. BED is self‐limiting based on the quantity of metal available for displacement from the substrate. Finite‐element method simulations are used to show how the coupling between solution ohmic drop and charge transfer kinetics control bipolar efficiency and spatial segregation of the electrochemistry. Experiments and simulations show that the electrodeposition of nickel is largely dictated by the potential gradients in the microjet region, and largely unaffected by details of copper etching far from the microjet. Simple analytical scaling arguments explain most of the experimental trends.
Highly Lewis Acidic Arylboronate Esters Capable of Colorimetric Turn‐On Response
Authors: Oehlke Alexander , Auer Alexander A. , Schreiter Katja , Friebe Nadine , Spange Stefan
Published: October 2015

A series of boronate‐π‐acceptor compounds containing different types of π bridges (1,4‐phenylen or thien‐2,5‐diyl or furan‐2,5‐diyl) that link the switchable boronate ester group with the efficient TCF acceptor group (TCF=2‐dicyanomethylen‐3‐cyano‐4,5,5‐trimethyl‐2,5‐dihydrofuran) has been synthesized. A TCF chromophore of this type undergoes transition to a donor‐π‐acceptor compound upon coordination of Lewis bases at the Lewis acidic boron center, which is accompanied by an enhanced intramolecular charge‐transfer interaction. The Lewis acid character has been investigated by spectroscopic measurements (UV/Vis, NMR spectroscopies) as well as DFT and ab initio‐based calculations. It is shown that the TCF acceptor group and thiophene or furan π‐bridges directly bound to the boron atom cooperatively increase the Lewis acidity. UV/Vis titration experiments confirm fluoride binding constants in the range of up to 108 M−1 in CH2Cl2. In addition to the strong boron fluoride binding motif, Lewis interactions also occur with weaker Lewis bases, such as pyridine or aliphatic alcohols. The unique combination of chromophoric and Lewis acidic properties is responsible for the intense colorimetric turn‐on response detectable after complex formation.
Highly Luminescent, Water‐Soluble Lanthanide Fluorobenzoates: Syntheses, Structures and Photophysics, Part I: Lanthanide Pentafluorobenzoates
Authors: Kalyakina Alena S. , Utochnikova Valentina V. , Bushmarinov Ivan S. , Ananyev Ivan V. , Eremenko Igor L. , Volz Daniel , Rönicke Franziska , Schepers Ute , Van Deun Rik , Trigub Alexander L. , Zubavichus Yan V. , Kuzmina Natalia P. , Bräse Stefan
Published: October 2015

Highly luminescent, photostable, and soluble lanthanide pentafluorobenzoates have been synthesized and thoroughly characterized, with a focus on EuIII and TbIII complexes as visible emitters and NdIII, ErIII, and YbIII complexes as infrared emitters. Investigation of the crystal structures of the complexes in powder form and as single crystals by using X‐ray diffraction revealed five different structural types, including monomeric, dimeric, and polymeric. The local structure in different solutions was studied by using X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. The photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of terbium and europium complexes were 39 and 15 %, respectively; the latter value was increased almost twice by using the heterometallic complex [Tb0.5Eu0.5(pfb)3(H2O)] (Hpfb=pentafluorobenzoic acid). Due to the effectively utilized sensitization strategy (pfb)−→Tb→Eu, a pure europium luminescence with a PLQY of 29 % was achieved.
Efficient Rhodium‐Catalyzed Multicomponent Reaction for the Synthesis of Novel Propargylamines
Authors: Rubio‐Pérez Laura , Iglesias Manuel , Munárriz Julen , Polo Victor , Pérez‐Torrente Jesús J. , Oro Luis A.
Published: October 2015

[{Rh(μ‐Cl)(H)2(IPr)}2] (IPr = 1,3‐bis‐(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazole‐2‐ylidene) was found to be an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of novel propargylamines by a one‐pot three‐component reaction between primary arylamines, aliphatic aldehydes, and triisopropylsilylacetylene. This methodology offers an efficient synthetic pathway for the preparation of secondary propargylamines derived from aliphatic aldehydes. The reactivity of [{Rh(μ‐Cl)(H)2(IPr)}2] with amines and aldehydes was studied, leading to the identification of complexes [RhCl(CO)IPr(MesNH2)] (MesNH2 = 2,4,6‐trimethylaniline) and [RhCl(CO)2IPr]. The latter shows a very low catalytic activity while the former brought about reaction rates similar to those obtained with [{Rh(μ‐Cl)(H)2(IPr)}2]. Besides, complex [RhCl(CO)IPr(MesNH2)] reacts with an excess of amine and aldehyde to give [RhCl(CO)IPr{MesNCHCH2CH(CH3)2}], which was postulated as the active species. A mechanism that clarifies the scarcely studied catalytic cycle of A3‐coupling reactions is proposed based on reactivity studies and DFT calculations.
A Luminescent Nitrogen‐Containing Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Synthesized by Photocyclodehydrogenation with Unprecedented Regioselectivity
Authors: Gu Xinggui , Wang Hong , Roose Jesse , He Zikai , Zhou Yue , Yan Yongli , Cai Yuanjing , Shi Heping , Zhang Yilin , Sung Herman H. Y. , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Miao Qian , Zhao Yongsheng , Wong Kam Sing , Williams Ian D. , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: October 2015

We present a nitrogen‐containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (N‐PAH), namely 12‐methoxy‐9‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐5,8‐diphenyl‐4‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)pyreno[1,10,9‐h,i,j]isoquinoline (c‐TPE‐ON), which exhibits high quantum‐yield emission both in solution (blue) and in the solid state (yellow). This molecule was unexpectedly obtained by a three‐fold, highly regioselective photocyclodehydrogenation of a tetraphenylethylene‐derived AIEgen. Based on manifold approaches involving UV/Vis, photoluminescence, and NMR spectroscopy as well as HRMS, we propose a reasonable mechanism for the formation of the disk‐like N‐PAH that is supported by density functional theory calculations. In contrast to most PAHs that are commonly used, our system does not suffer from entire fluorescence quenching in the solid state due to the peripheral aromatic rings preventing π–π stacking interactions, as evidenced by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. Moreover, its rod‐like microcrystals exhibit excellent optical waveguide properties. Hence, c‐TPE‐ON comprises a N‐PAH with unprecedented luminescent properties and as such is a promising candidate for fabricating organic optoelectronic devices. Our design and synthetic strategy might lead to a more general approach to the preparation of solution‐ and solid‐state luminescent PAHs.
Boosting Proton Conductivity in Highly Robust 3D Inorganic Cationic Extended Frameworks through Ion Exchange with Dihydrogen Phosphate Anions
Authors: Xiao Chengliang , Wang Yaxing , Chen Lanhua , Yin Xuemiao , Shu Jie , Sheng Daopeng , Chai Zhifang , Albrecht‐Schmitt Thomas E. , Wang Shuao
Published: October 2015

The limited long‐term hydrolytic stability of rapidly emerging 3D‐extended framework materials (MOFs, COFs, MOPs, etc.) is still one of major barriers for their practical applications as new solid‐state electrolytes in fuel cells. To obtain hydrolytically stable materials, two H2PO4−‐exchanged 3D inorganic cationic extended frameworks (CEFs) were successfully prepared by a facile anion‐exchange method. Both anion‐exchanged CEFs (YbO(OH)P and NDTBP) show significantly enhanced proton conductivity when compared with the original materials (YbO(OH)Cl and NDTB) with an increase of up to four orders‐of‐magnitude, reaching 2.36×10−3 and 1.96×10−2 S cm−1 at 98 % RH and 85 °C for YbO(OH)P and NDTBP, respectively. These values are comparable to the most efficient proton‐conducting MOFs. In addition, these two anion‐exchanged materials are stable in boiling water, which originates from the strong electrostatic interaction between the H2PO4− anion and the cationic host framework, showing a clear advance over all the acid‐impregnated materials (H2SO4@MIL‐101, H3PO4@MIL‐101, and H3PO4@Tp‐Azo) as practical solid‐state fuel‐cell electrolytes. This work offers a new general and efficient approach to functionalize 3D‐extended frameworks through an anion‐exchange process and achieves water‐stability with ultra‐high proton conductivity above 10−2 S cm−1.
ChemInform Abstract: B2N2O4: Prediction of a Magnetic Ground State for a Light Main‐Group Molecule.
Authors: Varga Zoltan , Truhlar Donald G.
Published: October 2015

DFT and coupled‐cluster calculations show that the B2N2O4 molecule has a triplet ground state and therefore is paramagnetic.
ChemInform Abstract: Ba and Sr Binary Phosphides: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Bonding Analysis.
Authors: Dolyniuk Juli‐Anna , He Hua , Ivanov Alexander S. , Boldyrev Alexander I. , Bobev Svilen , Kovnir Kirill
Published: October 2015

Single crystals of SrP2 (I), BaP2 (II), Ba5P4 (III), and Ba4P2.67 (IV) are prepared from mixtures of the elements using excess Pb as a flux (alumina crucibles, 1223 K, 40 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, Ion‐Exchange, and Photocatalytic Properties of Two Amine‐Directed Ge—Sb—S Compounds.
Authors: Zhang Bo , Feng Mei‐Ling , Cui Hong‐Hua , Du Cheng‐Feng , Qi Xing‐Hui , Shen Nan‐Nan , Huang Xiao‐Ying
Published: October 2015

The crystal structures of the new compounds (IV) and (V) are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: K2Ca4 [(UO2)(Si2O7)2]: A Uranyl Silicate with a One‐Dimensional Chain Structure.
Authors: Liu Chia‐Lin , Liu Hsin‐Kuan , Chang Wen‐Jung , Lii Kwang‐Hwa
Published: October 2015

The new title compound is hydrothermally synthesized from a mixture of Ca(OH)2, UO3, SiO2, KOH, and H2O in a molar ratio of K:Ca:U:Si = 75:1:1:4 (gold ampule, 1400 bar, 550 °C, 4 d; 45% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Exploration of Electronically Modified (R)‐5,5‐Dimethyl‐(p‐CF3)3‐i‐PrPHOX in Palladium‐Catalyzed Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Allylic Alkylation: A Practical Alternative to (R)‐(p‐CF3)3‐t‐BuPHOX.
Authors: Craig Robert A. II , Stoltz Brian M.
Published: October 2015

It is demonstrated, that the novel phosphinooxazoline derivative (PHX) is an efficient ligand for the enantioselective allylic alkylation of silyl enol ether (I) and the diastereoselective decarboxylative allylic alkylation of the β‐ketoester (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed [3 + 2 + 2] and [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloadditions of Two Alkynes with Cyclopropylideneacetamides.
Authors: Yoshida Tomoka , Tajima Yuki , Kobayashi Masayuki , Masutomi Koji , Noguchi Keiichi , Tanaka Ken
Published: October 2015

A cationic Rh(I)/(S)‐BINAP complex catalyzes the enantioselective [2+2+2]‐cycloaddition of terminal alkynes, acetylenedicarboxylates and cyclopropylideneacetamides to furnish spiro‐cyclohexadiene derivatives without cleavage of the cyclopropane ring.
ChemInform Abstract: Bi(OTf)3‐Catalyzed Multicomponent α‐Amidoalkylation Reactions.
Authors: Schneider Angelika E. , Manolikakes Georg
Published: October 2015

The three‐component reaction between amides, aldehydes, and arenes gives the title compounds in varying yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Pinacol Coupling on Regeneratable Supported Acids in Sole Water.
Authors: Sotto Nicolas , Billamboz Muriel , Chevrin‐Villette Carole , Len Christophe
Published: October 2015

The reductive pinacol type dimerization of aldehydes (I) and acetophenone (V) is achieved using zinc and amberlyst 15 as reagents in water as the solvent.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh(III)‐Catalyzed C—H Alkylation of 2‐Arylbenzothiazoles with α‐Diazo Esters.
Authors: Choi Miji , Park Jihye , Mishra Neeraj Kumar , Lee Seok‐Yong , Kim Jun Hyeong , Jeong Kyung Min , Lee Jeongmi , Jung Young Hoon , Kim In Su
Published: October 2015

The title process provides a wide variety of monoalkylated compounds as sole or main products.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convergent Radical Based Route to Trifluoromethyl Ketones and to α,β‐Unsaturated Trifluoromethyl Ketones.
Authors: Anthore Lucile , Zard Samir Z.
Published: October 2015

Starting from vinyl sulfone (I) and various dithiocarbonates, trifluoromethyl ketones and their α,β‐unsaturated pendants become accessible via a radical based process.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Oxidative Ugi‐Type Multicomponent Reaction Using (Arylmethyl)amines as Imine Precursors.
Authors: Dighe Shashikant U. , Kolle Shivalinga , Batra Sanjay
Published: October 2015

The title reaction represents the first example of an iron‐catalyzed Ugi‐type reaction using iminium species generated by oxidation of (arylmethyl)amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Various Lignans via the Rearrangements of 1,4‐Diarylbutane‐1,4‐diols.
Authors: Davidson Samuel J. , Barker David
Published: October 2015

Treatment of 1,4‐diarylbutane‐1,4‐diols with Et3N and MesCl leads to the formation of 4,4‐diarylbutanals as the major products.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of β‐Trifluoromethylated Ketones from Propargylic Alcohols by Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis.
Authors: Park Sehyun , Joo Jung Min , Cho Eun Jin
Published: October 2015

Trifluoromethylation of propargylic alcohols in the presence of a photocatalyst followed by double‐bond migration/keto‐enol tautomerization provides access to β‐trifluoromethylketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Diarylsulfides and Sulfones via C—H Bond Functionalization of Arylamides.
Authors: Reddy Vutukuri Prakash , Qiu Renhua , Iwasaki Takanori , Kambe Nobuaki
Published: October 2015

Arylbenzamides equipped with a quinoline directing group are sulfenylated with various diaryldisulfides.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of N‐Imidoyl and N‐Oxoimidoyl Sulfoximines from 1‐Alkynes, N‐Sulfonyl Azides, and Sulfoximines.
Authors: Choi Wonseok , Kim Jaeeun , Ryu Taekyu , Kim Ki‐Bbeum , Lee Phil Ho
Published: October 2015

The three‐component one‐pot syntheses are Cu‐catalyzed and proceed under air.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Phosphine—Silver(I) Complex Catalyzed Enantioselective Interrupted Feist—Benary Reaction with Ynones: The Aldol—Cycloisomerization Cascade.
Authors: Sinha Debarshi , Biswas Arnab , Singh Vinod K.
Published: October 2015

A variety of dihydrofuran derivatives with exocyclic double bond is efficiently obtained with high enantioselectivity using a Ag‐catalyzed interrupted Feist—Benary reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Dibenzofurans via C—H Activation of o‐Iodo Diaryl Ethers.
Authors: Panda Niranjan , Mattan Irshad , Nayak Dinesh Kumar
Published: October 2015

Iodo diaryl ethers are easily prepared by sequential iodination/etherification of deactivated phenols (phenols with electron‐donating or neutral groups do not work) using aryl iododiacetates.
ChemInform Abstract: A Challenging Heck Reaction of Maleimides.
Authors: Lim Li Hui , Zhou Jianrong
Published: October 2015

An efficient Heck method for the arylation of maleimides which easily undergo hydrolysis is presented.