bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Between Fears and Hopes: The Fifth Conference on Bioethics among the Seven Most Industrialized Countries.
Authors: Sgreccia Elio
Published: July 2024

Not available.
Death and clinical parameters
Authors: Manni Corrado , Proietti Rodolfo
Published: July 2024

Each of us has surely experienced in his or her dream experience the nightmare of being judged dead and thus being buried while still alive. Some famous writings (recall among them Edgar Allan Poe's “Premature burial‘’) have certainly contributed to fears and suspicions regarding the definition of the exact moment of death, so much so that some inventors have patented suitable systems for communicating ‘the untimely burial.’'
The problem of euthanasia as an expression of the doctor-patient crisis
Authors: Scorretti Carlo , Rago Claudio , De Pasqual Annabruna
Published: July 2024

Not available.
Ethical aspects in the prevention of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Authors: Manna Raffaele , Migliore Alberto , Serra Angelo
Published: July 2024

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) seems to be on the rise today, especially in northern European populations. IDDM is a disease that leads to numerous complications (e.g., metabolic decompensation, macroangiopathy, microangiopathy, retinopathy, nephropathy etc.) and requires the individual to be on daily insulin administration, for life.
Consent in the psychotherapy setting
Authors: Catanesi Roberto , Scapati Francesco , Greco Oronzo
Published: July 2024

In this way, the issue of consent to health treatment becomes one of the fundamental problems of everyday medical practice, serving as an indispensable link between the physician's power to treat and the patient's personal right to be the manager of his or her own mental and physical health.
Bioethics and disaster medicine
Authors: Sgreccia Elio , Fasanella Giuseppe
Published: July 2024

Man's relationship with the environment has changed over the centuries as technical development has progressed. Indeed, the history of technology represents man's desire to increase his power over nature. But while the application of ever newer technologies has brought about profound transformations in human life, it has also increased the risk of catastrophe.
Additional yield of transbronchial cryo-node biopsy over endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration for mediastinal lesions at a tertiary care center in India (COLD-FORCEPS-2 study)
Authors: Madan Manu , Kumar Rohit , Ish Pranav , Kedia Yash , Mahendran AJ , Kaushik Rajnish , Gupta Neeraj Kumar , Gupta Nitesh
Published: July 2024

Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)-guided mediastinal cryobiopsy is a new modality for sampling mediastinal lymph nodes. The data regarding the diagnostic yield and utility of mediastinal cryobiopsy is still limited. Consecutive patients who were undergoing EBUS-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) were recruited in this study. We subjected the enrolled patients to EBUS-guided mediastinal cryobiopsy after obtaining their informed consent. The final diagnosis was made with a clinical-pathological-radiological assessment and clinical-radiological follow-up. A total of 101 patients were enrolled in the study. Adequacy in sampling achieved in EBUS-TBNA was 92.07%, compared to 98.01% achieved in EBUS-TBNA with mediastinal cryobiopsy. Diagnostic yields achieved in EBUS-TBNA and EBUS-TBNA with mediastinal cryobiopsy were 67.32% and 86.13%, respectively (p=0.001). EBUS patterns failed to predict the utility of mediastinal crobiopsy. No significant complications were observed. To conclude, EBUS-guided mediastinal cryobiopsy improves yield in patients undergoing EBUS-TBNA.
Physicochemical limnology of lakes in the Rankin Inlet area of Nunavut
Authors: Faucher B. F. , LeBlanc A. -M. , Benoît N. , Girard É. , Pedchenko O.
Published: July 2024

Avec l'augmentation attendue des activités minières dans les régions nordiques du Canada en raison de la demande mondiale de minéraux critiques, il est impératif de concevoir des méthodes nouvelles et fiables pour identifier les lacs qui peuvent être situés au-dessus des sections de sol non gelées (c.-à-d. les taliks) dans les environnements de pergélisol continu. Lorsque les taliks pénètrent complètement le pergélisol, ils peuvent permettre des interactions entre les eaux de surface et les eaux souterraines sous le pergélisol, ce qui présente des défis importants pour les opérations minières. Ce rapport fournit des données de référence détaillées sur la température de l'eau, la conductivité et parfois des mesures de pH pour les lacs près de Rankin Inlet, au Nunavut, effectuées en avril et en septembre 2023. Cet ensemble de données alimentera nos modèles thermiques et géophysiques pour l'identification des taliks et les modèles conceptuels cryo-hydrogéologiques pour la simulation de l'écoulement hydrogéologique souterrain dans les régions de pergélisol continu. Nos résultats révèlent notamment qu'en avril, les températures de la colonne d'eau dans les bassins lentiques sélectionnés variaient de 0,1 à 2°C directement sous la couverture de glace et de 1,7 à 3,5°C à l'interface eau-sédiment. Inversement, en septembre, la colonne d'eau des bassins étudiés était isotherme. Ces profils de température suggèrent que les lacs étudiés présentent des caractéristiques indiquant des bassins polymictiques froids, la stratification hivernale étant plus prononcée avec l'augmentation de la profondeur du bassin. En outre, nos mesures de conductivité indiquent une relation salinité-densité dans la colonne d'eau des lacs. Plus précisément, les mesures effectuées directement sous la couche de glace et près du fond du lac variaient respectivement de 74 à 168 µS cm-1 et de 77 à 352 µS cm-1 en avril 2023, tandis que les conductivités de la surface et du fond du lac variaient respectivement de 44 à 111 µS cm-1 et de 73 à 488 µS cm-1 en septembre. En outre, les évaluations préliminaires des effets de la cryoconcentration sur la charge en solutés pendant les saisons de prise et de retrait des glaces indiquent une contribution potentielle aux écarts observés dans les conductivités de la colonne d'eau entre les deux saisons d'échantillonnage sur le terrain. Toutefois, il est essentiel de procéder à des analyses géochimiques supplémentaires pour valider cette hypothèse et explorer la possibilité d'autres phénomènes naturels qui pourraient expliquer ces différences.
Borderline lepromatous leprosy: A case report
Authors: Fernando Nilshan , Welhenge Chiranthi , Premaratna Ranjan , Uwyse Ahamed
Published: July 2024

Rationale:

Lepromatous leprosy can have many atypical presentations, obscuring early diagnosis. We present a case of lepromatous leprosy, presenting with atypical features, which made a diagnostic dilemma.

Patient concerns:

A 48-year-old man presented with bilateral lower limb oedema and scaly “ichthyosis like” skin rash in both hands and feet, hepatosplenomegaly and pancytopenia, over a course of three months, without any classical features of leprosy. A skin biopsy revealed an unexpected diagnosis of borderline lepromatous leprosy.

Diagnosis:

Lepromatous leprosy.

Interventions:

Multi-drug regimen treatment with rifampicin, dapsone and clofazimine for lepromatous leprosy.

Outcomes:

The patient made a good clinical recovery.

Lessons:

In endemic settings, clinicians should be aware of similar atypical manifestations of leprosy to face the global challenge of eradicating this chronic deforming disease.
Pink1 gene: a key player in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Dinislam Khuzin , Egor Pozdnyakov , Arina Hezheva , Sergienko Kirill , Anastasia Sharonova , Rumyantseva Melissa , Smurygina Margarita , Svetlana Surkova , Ali Abid , Khoso Muneer Ahmed
Published: July 2024

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complicated metabolic condition with insulin resistance and poor glucose metabolism. Emerging evidence indicates the significance of (PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (Pink1) in the progression of diseases. Pink1 encodes a protein kinase, which regulates and maintains mitochondrial activity, this mostly affects mitophagy and energy generation. Mutations in the Pink1 gene have been associated to oxidative stress, mitochondrial malfunction, and impaired cellular energy output. The presence of insulin resistance and T2DM may be caused by each of these characteristics. To understand Pink1 potential function in the development of diabetes, this review paper investigates the molecular mechanisms through which it influences glucose metabolism and insulin signaling. Based on preclinical investigations, there is potential for developing innovative therapeutic strategies that specifically target Pink1. These strategies could aim to regulate insulin resistance, improve glucose metabolism, and preserve beta-cell function among individuals diagnosed with diabetes. The following areas of research include figuring out how precisely Pink1 functions in diabetes, translating preclinical findings into clinical settings, exploring precision medicine approaches that specifically target Pink1, and identifying possible therapeutic targets within the Pink1 pathway. This review aims to enhance our understanding of Pink1 impact on T2DM and develop personalized treatments for metabolic disorders. Furthermore, it underscores the significance of persisting with this type of investigation to enhance diabetes treatment strategies.
Effect of Educational Nursing Guidelines on Self-management and Health-Related Quality of Life for Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Ibrahim Mona Hassan , Ali Amira Mohammed , Allawy Mohamed Elsayed Ahmed
Published: July 2024

Background:

Chronic kidney disease is the biggest problem in health care today, and the primary replacement therapy, hemodialysis, has a severe impact on both self-management and quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of educational nursing guidelines on self-management and health-related quality of life for hemodialysis patients.

Materials and Methods:

A quasi-experimental design was used. A convenience sample of 100 hemodialysis patients in the hemodialysis unit at Ismailia General Hospital, 50 patients for the study and 50 patients for the control groups. Data were collected using a patient demographic information questionnaire, hemodialysis self-management scale, and survey instrument on kidney disease quality of life 36-item (KDQOL-36). The intervention was conducted over 12 weeks in five sessions, from implementing the guidelines to the post-test phase. The control group received the usual care. SPSS version 23, descriptive statistics, and inferential statistics like independent t-test and Pearson Chi-square test were used.

Results:

Regarding self-management dimensions, a statistically significant difference was found between the study and control group regarding problem-solving and communications, fluid control, diet, self-advocacy, and emotional control with p < 0.001, and effect size 5.89,4.99, 5.06, and 4.54, respectively. Regarding the quality of life domains, a statistically significant difference was found between the study and control group regarding physical functioning, mental functioning, the burden of kidney disease, management of symptoms, and kidney disease effect with p < 0.001 and the effect size 9.39, 6.07, 1.86, 7.65, and 6.96, respectively.

Conclusions:

Educational guidelines are effective for improving self-management and quality of life.
The Effect of Music Therapy on the Sleep Quality of Patients with Heart Failure: The Miracle of Nature Music
Authors: Hosseini Nahid , Seylani Khatereh , Matourypour Pegah , Fakhrodini Mehrdad , Haghani Hamid , Zakerimoghadam Masoumeh
Published: July 2024

Background:

Patients with heart failure experience poor sleep quality due to the nature of disease they suffer from. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of music on the sleep quality of patients with heart failure.

Materials and Methods:

The present study is a randomized clinical trial, which was performed on 76 patients with heart failure, hospitalized in the cardiac ward of an educational hospital. These patients had obtained a score of 5 or higher on Pittsburgh’s sleep quality index. The block randomization method was used to generate the allocation sequence. Thus, the number of subjects in each block was determined to be 4 people in 18 blocks. Intervention was collection of nature music played through headphones for 30 minutes over three nights, and at the end of the third night, the Pittsburgh’s index was completed again by both groups. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results:

After the intervention, the mean scores of mental quality of sleep (p = 0.007) and daily function disorders improved significantly in the intervention group (p = 0.025). Significant differences were seen between the mean scores of mental quality of sleep (p < 0.001), daily function disorders (p = 0.002), delay in falling asleep (p = 0.01), sleep disorders (p < 0.001), and use of sleeping pills (p < 0.001) before and after the intervention in the intervention group.

Conclusions:

Playing relaxing music like nature sounds and spending time in nature after discharge can improve the sleep quality and sense of relaxation in patients with heart failure. The implementation of such affordable and amusing interventions can be proposed by nurses in heart failure patients.
Spirituality, a Neglected Dimension in Improving the Lifestyle of Coronary Artery Patients by Nurses: A Scoping Review
Authors: Abedini Fahimeh , Mokhtari Nouri Jamileh , Moradian Seyed Tayeb
Published: July 2024

Background:

By modifying the lifestyle of patients, the risk factors of Coronary Artery Diseases (CADs) are adjusted. This study was performed with the aim to investigate the role of nurses in the lifestyle of coronary artery patients.

Materials and Methods:

This scoping review was conducted with the question of the role of nurses in improving the lifestyle of coronary artery patients. This study was conducted in databases and search engines of ScienceDirect, Springer, Scopus, PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar for English texts, and in the Magiran and Scientific Information Database (SID) databases and search engines for the texts printed in Persian. The search for articles printed from 2012 to 2022 was conducted based on the keywords used in the title and abstract of the articles. The keywords used to search domestic databases included nursing, lifestyle and healthy lifestyle, and heart diseases (based on MeSH).

Results:

Nurses have made significant efforts and performed interventions to improve the lifestyle of coronary artery patients through guidance and education regarding the improvement of their diet and mobility, compliance with their treatment regimen, and reduction of the risk factors of CAD. In the psychological dimension, they had a positive effect in some fields such as stress management and mental health. However, in the spiritual dimension, effective studies and interventions have not been conducted by nurses.

Conclusions:

The role of nurses in the lifestyle of coronary artery patients is effective in the physical dimension, limited in the psychological dimension, and neglected in the spiritual dimension.
Comparative clinical experience of subcostal VATS versus conventional uniportal lateral VATS approach
Authors: Kösek Volkan , Al Masri Eyad , Nikolova Katina , Ellger Björn , Wais Shadi , Redwan Bassam
Published: July 2024

Introduction:

The present study reports the first clinical experience with subcostal uniportal VATS (suVATS) compared with the conventional lateral uniportal VATS (luVATS) approach.

Patients and Methods:

All patients who underwent suVATS between January 2019 and April 2020 were included. Patients who had undergone luVATS for similar indications were included as the control group. The data were prospectively and retrospectively analysed.

Results:

The suVATS group included 38 patients with a mean age of 61 (30–83) years. The luVATS group included 33 patients (mean age, 69 years; range: 46–89 years). An intercostal block was performed intraoperatively in the luVATS group. Local infiltration under anaesthesia was performed around the incision in the suVATS group. The duration of the surgery was significantly longer in the suVATS group. However, the chest tube treatment and hospital stay duration were significantly shorter in the suVATS group. The routinely recorded Visual Analogue Scale scores on the first post-operative day and the day of discharge were significantly lower in the suVATS group.

Conclusion:

Subcostal uniportal VATS enables a shorter drainage treatment duration and hospital stay and significantly reduces post-operative pain. Thus, a faster patient recovery can be achieved.
Gasless transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy in a primary substernal goitre patient: First case
Authors: Fang Jing , Wang Shengying , Liu Jianjun
Published: July 2024

For most primary substernal goitre (SG) surgeries, sternotomy is required because the blood supply vessels of tumours come from the mediastinum. However, sternal dehiscence may lead to several surgical complications. We reported an older patient who underwent simultaneous removal of a primary SG and parathyroid adenoma through a gasless transoral endoscopic approach. The patient recovered well with no hoarseness, post-operative bleeding or other complications after the operation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of gasless transoral endoscopic parathyroid adenoma and primary SG resection in the real world. We found that gasless transoral endoscopic surgery is feasible in patients with small primary SG and parathyroid adenoma.
CD4+ Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes in Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy-treated Invasive Breast Cancer of No Special Type
Authors: Rustamadji Primariadewi , Wiyarta Elvan , Pramono Meike , Maulanisa Sinta Chaira
Published: July 2024

Background:

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is an integral component of modern treatment for invasive breast cancer with no special type (IBC-NST). The interaction between the immune system and cancer, particularly through immune-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), continues to be studied to understand how treatments like NAC influence the disease progression and response to various therapies. This study was designed to investigate changes in the pattern of CD4+ TIL infiltration before and after NAC.

Methods:

This retrospective cohort study involved 32 participants. NAC was administered for 3 months, comprising six cycles of chemotherapy. Variables such as age, tumor size, grade, lymphovascular invasion, and regional lymph node metastasis (RLNM) were evaluated. Furthermore, the expression of receptors, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2), and Ki-67 was evaluated. Infiltration of the tumor by CD4+ TILs was assessed using immunohistochemistry, whereas other data were retrieved from the medical records of the participants. Data were analyzed using R software.

Results:

There was a significant increase in CD4+ TIL infiltration after NAC administration. Before NAC treatment, there were significant associations between stromal CD4+ TIL with tumor size after NAC (P = 0.047), intratumoral CD4+ TIL with age (P = 0.031), and intratumoral CD4+ TIL with HER-2 status (P = 0.037). After NAC treatment, intratumoral CD4+ TIL was associated with tumor size before NAC (P = 0.009) and RLNM (P = 0.026).

Conclusion:

NAC is associated with a significant increase in CD4+ TIL infiltration in patients with IBC-NST.
Efficacy of Different Doses of Quercetin against Chemically Induced Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Hamsters
Authors: Radi Nadia Attia , Hallool Seham Ibrahim , Elsamia Hanaa Mohamed Abd
Published: July 2024

Background:

The use of Caspase-3 to evaluate the chemopreventive effect of quercetin on experimentally induced squamous cell carcinoma was applied in the current study.

Materials and Methods:

Five groups of Syrian male hamsters were employed in the study. Group I (negative control): 5 animals do not receive any treatment. Group II: 5 animals receiving (quercetin only at a concentration of 150 mg/kg). Group III (dimethylbenz(a)anthracene [DMBA]-treated group for 14 weeks): 10 animals were coated with 0.5% DMBA. Group IV (DMBA + quercetin 150 mg/kg): 15 animals receiving quercetin of a concentration (150 mg/kg) every day through a gavage tube along with painting the hamster buccal pouch with DMBA (0.5%) three times per week for 14 weeks. Group V (DMBA + quercetin 50 mg/kg): 15 animals receiving quercetin of concentration (50 mg/kg) every day through a gavage tube along with painting the hamster buccal pouch with DMBA (0.5%) for 14 weeks at three times each week.

Results:

Group III showed the lowest mean area percent (10.23), whereas Group V revealed the highest mean area percent value (23.64). All groups showed a statistically significant difference among them.

Conclusion:

Quercetin showed apoptotic potential validated by Caspase-3, so it may be a valuable chemopreventive agent antagonizing DMBA-induced carcinogenesis in animal models.
Faculty Experiences: Virtual versus Traditional Problem-based Learning during COVID-19 in a Saudi Medical College
Authors: Almansour Mohammed , Alrumaihi Nouf , Alanazi Omar , Feda Jude , Saeed Majda , Soliman Mona
Published: July 2024

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced a fast change to new teaching approaches based on online education. Problem-based learning (PBL) was one of the modified teaching strategies. The current study sought to examine faculty perceptions of virtual versus traditional PBL during the COVID-19 pandemic at a Saudi medical college.

Methods:

This is a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at King Saud University’s College of Medicine. We compared the perceptions of faculty members who facilitated traditional face-to-face PBL in 2019–2020 and virtual PBL in 2020–2021. An online survey with demographic and practice data was distributed. The faculty’s perception of PBL facilitation, student learning, and overall satisfaction was investigated using a 5-degree Likert scale: 15 items grouped into three main areas. All of the questions were written in a way that compares traditional and virtual PBL. Mean scores were determined for all parts, and the findings were reported as mean standard deviation, with scores of 3 and above considered positive, and scores of <3 considered negative. The data were analyzed with SPSS version 25.0.

Results:

In the study period, 57 faculty members facilitating PBL replied to the survey (response rate 67.85%). There were no gender variations in the representation of participants (male 56.1%, female 43.9%), and they come from a variety of basic and clinical departments. The majority of participants (91.3%) have more than 2 years of PBL facilitation experience, and 64.2% have received training in both virtual and traditional PBL facilitation. The faculty assessment of facilitating virtual PBL was favorable as overall satisfaction, with the mean of the components in the satisfaction section being 3.67. In terms of facilitation preferences, we discovered that despite the amount of effort involved in facilitating traditional PBL sessions (mean = 3.47), their motivation to facilitate traditional PBL was higher than that of virtual PBL (mean = 3.33). Faculty perceptions of students’ learning in PBL were more traditional, with the mean of the items in this section (such as students’ motivation, participation, and group dynamics) being higher (3.616).

Conclusions:

The faculty’s satisfaction with their abilities to properly facilitate virtual PBL sessions did not detract from their motivation to be in direct personal interaction with students during PBL sessions. To ensure faculty care about students’ learning in virtual PBL, their perception had to be correlated to their learning outcomes.
Profile of drug-resistant tuberculosis post universal drug susceptibility testing in Jabalpur division, Madhya Pradesh: study
Authors: Tomar Akanksha , Tiwari Rajesh , Bharti Aditi
Published: July 2024

Background:

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) can be a menace for TB elimination, making it crucial to identify the drivers of this multifaceted challenge. Now, as drug sensitivity results are available at the commencement of the treatment, DRTB patients can be delineated earlier rather than once landing into treatment failure.

Objectives:

The study was done to assess the sociodemographic and behavioral profile of DR-TB patients and its association with the drug-resistant pattern following the introduction of universal drug sensitivity testing in the program.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted at the DRTB center, Jabalpur. Record review was done for registered patients through the NIKSHAY portal, notification, laboratory registers, and PMDT treatment cards, for the period January 2018 to December 2019 excluding the transferred-out cases. Patients were contacted for any missing information. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 20. The Chi-square test was applied for statistical significance considering P ≤ 0.05 to be significant at 95% confidence level.

Results:

Among 201 patients, the majority were males (62.2%) of the younger (18–30 years) age group (42.3%), residing below the poverty line (62.2%) in urban slums (40.8%). There was a preponderance of tobacco users (88.5%), whereas 22.9% were alcoholics. Nutritional status revealed 59.7% to be underweight, whereas 9% were overweight. Review of drug-resistant profile had shown multidrug resistance (MDR) to be most common (70.6%), followed by H resistance (13.4%) and others (MDR + fluoroquinolone [FQ] [10.4%], extensively drug-resistant [3.5%], H + FQ/second-line injectable [SLI]/LZ [1.5%], MDR + SLI [0.5%]). Belonging to lower socioeconomic strata, residing in urban slums, and being engaged in a labor class occupational profile carries a statistically significant association with MDR TB.

Conclusion:

MDR is the most common pattern of DR TB in the study population, proportionally higher in urban slum dwellers.
Zinc Phosphate Treatment Paint Base
Authors:   AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
Published: July 2024

This specification covers the requirements for producing a zinc phosphate coating on ferrous alloys and the properties of the coating.
Decarbonizing Mobility with Liquid Hydrogen
Authors: Moran Matthew
Published: July 2024

Liquid hydrogen (LH2) is playing a key role in decarbonization of the global
energy landscape. Its large-scale continuous use in the space industry provides
a foundation for transitioning state-of-the-art capabilities to other sectors.
Key advancements in materials, cryogenics, and system optimization are being
applied to reduce costs and increase performance for various mobile and
stationary use cases. However, some unsettled topics remain to be addressed
related to production, liquefaction, storage, distribution, safety, and
economics. The optimal solutions to these unsettled topics will vary depending
on the region, industry sector, and application.

Decarbonizing Mobility with Liquid Hydrogen provides a brief and
balanced assessment of the relevant technologies, established practices, system
operations, emerging trends, strategic considerations, and economic drivers.
Addressing these unsettled topics is tied to the evolving economic strategies of
governmental policies, public and private investment, competitive structures,
regional approaches, and innovative business models.

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here to access the full SAE EDGETM
Research Report portfolio.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Suicidal Ideation and Attempt among Prisoners in Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Temesgen Tadesse  , Endashaw Habtamu  , Zehara Reshid  , Endalamaw Salelew
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND፡ Suicide is a serious cause of mortality worldwide and the single most common cause of death in the prison population. Studies on suicidal ideation and attempt among prison people in Ethiopia are limited. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of suicidal ideation and attempt among prisoners in Debre Markos Correctional Center, northwest, Ethiopia, 2019.METHOD: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted using the simple random sampling technique; a total of 640 participants was recruited. Suicidal ideation and attempts were assessed using the suicidality module of the World Mental Health (WMH) survey initiative version of the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI).RESULTS: The prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempt were 21.9% and 13.1% with 95% CI (18.40, 25.20) and (10.60, 15.80) respectively. The study revealed that female sex (AOR=2.60, 95%CI: 1.39, 8.20) and family history of mental illness (AOR=2.08, 95%CI: 1.11, 3.90) were significantly associated with both suicidal ideation and attempt. Whereas divorced/widowed (AOR=3.67, 95%CI: 2.05, 6.58), common mental disorder (AOR=1.98, 95%CI: 1.25, 3.16) and poor social support(AOR=2.68, 95%CI: 1.42, 5.06) were statistically associated with suicidal ideation, and previous incarceration (AOR=2.38, 95%CI: 1.20, 5.16) was significantly associated with a suicide attempt.CONCLUSION: The result shows that the prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempt were serious problems among prisoners. As a result, inmate people need greater attention and interventions for suicidal behaviors.
Feto-Maternal Outcomes of Obstructed Labor and Associated Factors among Mothers Who Gave Birth in Public Hospitals of West Shoa Zone, Central Ethiopia: Cross-Sectional Study Alem Getachew1, Negash Wakgari2*, Tolosa Gishille3
Authors: Alem Getachew  , Negash Wakgari  , Tolosa Gishille
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Obstructed labor the major cause of adverse feto-maternal outcomes. Hence, the study assessed adverse fetomaternal outcomes of obstructed labor and associated factors among women who gave birth in public Hospitals of West Shoa Zone.METHODS: Cross-sectional study design was conducted among 277 respondents. The required data were extracted from the mothers’ chart by using a systematic random sampling method. Checklists were used to collect data. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with feto-maternal outcomes. The odds ratio with 95%CI and p-value were used to identify the significant variables.RESULTS: In this study, 145(52.3%) and 157(56.7%) of the respondents had adverse maternal and fetal outcomes respectively. Mothers who were referred from the health center (AOR: 3.96, 95%CI: 1.61-9.8) and who had a trial of labor at the health center and home had a more likelihood of adverse maternal outcomes than those who were referred and had trial of labor at hospital respectively. In addition, mothers who were not followed by partograph and in labor for >24hrs had also a more likelihood of adverse maternal outcomes than their counterparts. Likewise, newborns whom their mothers were not followed by partograph and mothers in labor for >24 hrs had also a more likelihood of adverse fetal outcomes than their counterparts. Hence, health professionals should give special attention to early diagnosis and referral of obstructed labor to higher facilities.
Emergency Medical Service Providers’ Perception of Health- Threatening Stressors in Emergency Missions: A qualitative Study
Authors: Ali Afshari  , Seyed Reza Borzou  , Farshid Shamsaei  , Eesa Mohammadi  , Leili Tapak
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Unknown and unpredictable situations cause emergency medical service (EMS) providers to experience various stressful factors. These factors are affected by sociocultural conditions and expectations of the casualty and affect EMS providers' performance and health at the incident scene. The present study was conducted to explore EMS providers' perception of stressful and health-threatening factors in emergency missions.METHOD: This qualitative conventional content analysis was conducted in 2020. The participants included 16 EMS providers working at the Emergency Medical Services Department in Hamadan Province, Iran. The participants were selected using purposive sampling and underwent semi-structured interviews until data saturation. Data were analyzed using the Graneheim and Lundman method.RESULTS: Analysis of the interview data yielded six subcategories (i.e., incident scene hazards, violence-related injuries, physical injuries caused by patient care/handling, ambulance crash-related injuries, emotional impact of patients' suffering and ailments, and highly stressful missions), two main categories (i.e., physical injuries and psychological tensions), and a theme of occupational injuries.CONCLUSIONS: According to the results, in addition to having concerns about caring for patients and saving the injured, EMS providers also worry about potential threats to their own health. The present study identified and described some major stressors in emergency missions. Thus, for a better and more effective efficiency, the present study results can be used to reduce or modify stressors in EMS providers.
Editorial message
Authors: Abraham Haileamlak
Published: July 2024

Editorial Message
A Retrospective Analysis of Clinical and Pathologic Characteristics of Recurrent Bladder Tumor in a Tertiary Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Andualem Beyene
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND፡ Previous recurrences, tumor category (Ta, T1), the presence of CIS with superficial bladder tumors, the number of tumors, tumor size and multiplicity are predictors of bladder tumor recurrence. Recurrence is better predicted by multiplicity, size and previous recurrence.METHODS: This is retrospective descriptive study. All patients with urinary bladder tumor admitted to TASH from January 1st, 2018 to December 31st, 2019 is the study population. Information was retrieved using structured questionnaire.RESULTS: Most of the recurrent tumors 55 (76.4%) had huge size and were multiple 62 (86.1%) in the primary presentation. Most recurrent tumors 47 (65.3%) are low grade bladder tumors. About 17 (23.6%) were high grade tumor in their primary presentation. European studies showed size and multiplicity increase risk of recurrence. However, our patients have late presentations which probably made the proportion of recurrence higher.CONCLUSION: Most of the recurrent bladder tumors have huge size and multiple in number at their initial presentation. All histological variants of Urothelial carcinomas recur.
Cognitive Factors as Determinants of Typhoon Preparedness among Public High School Students in the Philippines
Authors: Samson Mideksa
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND፡ Typhoon is the most common disaster in the Philippines and lead to injury, death, and damage to property. Although public hazard education is conducted with considerable effort, the disaster preparedness of society is low. Thus, this study aimed to assess the cognitive factors of typhoon preparednessamong public high school students in the Philippines.METHOD: A descriptive correlation design was used to determine the relationship between cognitive with typhoon preparedness of grades nine and ten public high schools’ students. Nine hundred thirty-three students were selected through purposive sampling from disaster prone areas of the Philippines.RESULT: The grand mean and standard deviation (M = 3.03, SD= .338) result revealed that the respondents’ cognitive factors in terms of perceived severity, susceptibility, self-efficacy, and response efficacy toward typhoon preparedness (M = 3.11, SD =.421) was high. The result of Pearson's r, p-value and determination coefficient showed that perceived severity, selfefficacy, and response efficacy were positively linear in the relationship to planning, mitigation and response.CONCLUSION: The respondent’s cognitive factors were high toward typhoon preparedness. Cognitive factors in terms of perceived severity, self-efficacy, and response efficacy determine typhoon preparedness.
Positions and Types of Pterion in Adult Human Skulls: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Abebe Muche
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND፡ A trauma to the skull in the area of the pterion usually causes rupture of the middle meningeal artery leading to life- threatening epidural hematoma. The objective of the study is to assess the prevalence of different types of pterion and to determine its location using valuable bony landmarks.METHODS: On 90 dry adult human skulls of unknown sex, age and nationality the distance of different landmarks from pterion was measured using stainless steel sliding Vernier caliper. The data were analyzed using SPSS version-20 and an independent ttest analysis was implemented. A value of P< 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: A higher occurrence of sphenoparietal type of pterion with the absence of frontotemporal type was noted. About 23% and 77% of the suture types are found to be unilateral and bilateral, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between right and left sides of the skull in distances from the center of pterion to frontozygomatic suture, root of zygomatic arch, inion and in central thickness pterion.CONCLUSION: This study showed that the most prevalent type of pterion is sphenoparietal, and revealed asymmetry in the distances from center of pterion to frontozygomatic suture, root of zygomatic arch and inion, and its central thickness. Such findings could offer worthy information about the type and location of pterion, which could be relevant to anatomists, neurosurgeons, forensic medicine specialist and anthropologists.
Distribution of Class 1-3 Integrons in Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Inpatients in Shiraz, South of Iran
Authors: Malekzadegan Yalda  , Tabatabaei Zahra Sadat  , Rastegar Moghaddam Nosrati Elham  , Tabatabaei Seyed Mohammad  , Mohagheghzadeh Neda  , Motamedifar Mohammad
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Health-care-associated infection (HAI) is effect on patients for the time of staying in the hospital. Opportunistic pathogens including Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the most dangerous biological agents in nosocomial infections. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of 3 classes of integrons carrying to carbapenem resistance in P. aeruginosa strains collected from Nemazee hospital.METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on clinical P. aeruginosa isolates were collected from Nemazee hospital. The identification of the isolates was performed by routine biochemical tests. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing was determined using the disk diffusion method against imipenem and meropenem. The int1, int2 and int3 genes were detected using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).RESULTS: Seventy-five clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were recovered from various clinical infections. A carbapenemresistant phenotype was detected in 42.7% (imipenem) and 29.3%(meropenem) of isolates. As the PCR results, 48 (64%) and 15 (20%) isolates were identified as being positive for class 1 and class 2 integrons, respectively. Class 3 integrons were not found among the studied isolates.CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate the importance of class 1 and 2 integrons in carbapenem resistant P. aeruginosa strains. Therefore, integrons play an important role in acquisition and dissemination of carbapenem resistance genes among these pathogens, so, management of infection control policies and the appropriate use of antibiotics is essential for control the spreading of antibiotics resistance genes.
Determinants of Postnatal Care Check-ups in Ethiopia: A Multi- Level Analysis
Authors: Afework Tadele  , Masrie Getinet
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND፡ Postnatal care is provided to women and their babies within 42 days after delivery. Although the first two days after birth was a critical time in maternal health, it was the most neglected period of maternal health services. Therefore, this study aims to determine the maternal and community-level factors of postnatal check-ups in EthiopiaMETHODS: Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) in 2016 was utilized. A total of 3,948 women aged 15-49 giving birth in the two years before the survey were included. A multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression model was employed.RESULT: Only 17% [95% C.I; 16.46%-17.53%] of the women had a postnatal check-up (PNC) within 2 days of giving birth in Ethiopia. Institutional delivery AOR 2.14 [95% C.I 1.70, 2.0] and giving birth by cesarean section AOR 1.66 [95% CI 1.10, 2.50] were found to be maternal factors. Whereas, administrativeregions (Oromia 69%, Somali 56%, Benishangul 55%, SNNPR 43%, Gambela 66%, Afar 50% and Dire Dawa 55% which less likely to utilize PNC as compared to Addis Ababa), higher community-level wealth AOR 1.44 [95% C.I 1.08, 1.2], ANC coverage AOR 1.52 [95% C.I 1.19, 1.96] and perceived distance of the health facility as a big problem AOR 0.78 [95% C.I 0.60, 0.99] were the community level factors.CONCLUSION: Both maternal factors and community factors are found to be a significant association with PNC, however, based on the ICC maternal factors prevail the community-level factors. Therefore, public health interventions to increasing improve postnatal care services should focus on community level determinants.
Editorial message
Authors: Abraham Haileamlak
Published: July 2024

Editorial message from the E-I-C.
Comparison of Prevalence and Risk Factors of Acute Coronary Syndrome in Patients with Different Ethnicity: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Homeira Khoddam  , Zobeide Alemi  , Mahnaz Modanloo
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Although the main risk factors of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) have been previously identified, there is not yet strong and consistent evidence about the ethnical differences of these risk factors. The aim of this study was to identify and compare the distribution of risk factors of ACS among two ethnic groups in northern Iran.METHODS: This cross-sectional study was done on a total of 250 patients (100 Fars and 150 Turkmen ethnics) with ACS admitted in coronary care units (CCU) of medical centers in Gonbad-e Kavus, a city in the Northeast of Iran. The demographic characteristics, clinical parameters and anthropometric indices of patients in two ethnic groups were recorded. In addition, Beacke’s questionnaire and Cohen's scale were used to evaluate and compare the patients’ level of physical activity and perceived stress, respectively.RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 60.9±11.9 years and they were mostly males (54.8%) and married (84.8%). Findings showed that the prevalence of myocardial infarction in Fars patients was significantly higher than Turkmens (24% versus 15.3%; P=0.04). In addition, there was a significant difference in terms of the history of using opium (P=0.07) and opium sap (P=0.03)‚ socioeconomic status (P=0.009)‚ the place of residence (P=0.001) and type of health insurance services (P=0.001) between two groups. However, the clinical parameters and anthropometric indices and the level of physical activity and perceived stress were not significantly different between two groups (P>0.05).CONCLUSION: This study showed a significant difference in the prevalence and risk factor of ACS in patients with different ethnicity in northern Iran. This finding points to the importance of paying attention to the ethnicity-based difference in ACS prevalence and risk factors, especially in patients who are at high to intermediate risk for ACS, such as Turkmens.
A Retrospective Analysis on Cervical Spine Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Patients with Neck Pain in a Tertiary Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Tewodros Endale Balcha  , Ferehiwot Bekele Getaneh  , Abebe Mekonnen Woldeyohannes
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND፡ Neck pain is a common health problem throughout the world causing significant individual disability and economic burden on health care facility. Many factors are mentioned as a cause or association in relation to neck pain, of which degenerative and posttraumatic cause are the main ones. The aim of this study is to assess cervical spine Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) patterns in patients presented with neck pain.METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 160 patients who had cervical spine Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for evaluation of a neck pain was done. The study was conducted between February to August 2018 at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. The patients’ clinical history and magnetic resonance imaging reports were reviewed from their medical records. All patients who have cervical spine Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for a neck pain were included in the study. Those patients with acute traumatic neck pain were excluded.RESULTS: From a total of 160 patients, 71(44.4%) were males and 89(55.6%) were females. Degenerative cervical spine findings such as intervertebral disc degenerations were seen in 127(79.4%) patients. Non-degenerative imaging findings such as neoplasm and infection were seen in 10(6.3%) patients only. The MRI was normal in 23(14.4%) of them.CONCLUSION: The most common cause of neck pain from this study is degenerative changes of the cervical spine, which was predominant in the older age groups. Non-degenerative causes such as neoplasm and infection were less common findings.
Soil-Transmitted Helminthic Infections and Geophagia among Pregnant Women in Jimma Town Health Institutions, Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Mestawet Getachew  , Ruth Yeshigeta  , Abebaw Tiruneh  , Yonas Alemu  , Eden Dereje  , Zeleke Mekonnen
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND፡ Pregnancy is a key step for human’s reproduction and continuity of generation. Pregnant women are among at risk groups for the infection of soil-transmitted helminths (STHs). STHs are highly prevalent in low- and middleincome countries due to the deprived environmental sanitationand personal hygiene. Eating soil (geophagia) is also commonly practiced by pregnant women, particularly in developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of STHs and geophagia, and to assess associated factors among pregnant women in Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia.METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted among 407 pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) at different health facilities located in Jimma Town. Data related to sociodemographic and geophagia practice was collected using a structured questionnaire and STH infections status was determined by using McMaster technique.RESULTS: A total of 407 pregnant women were included in this study. The overall prevalence of any STHs was 19.7% (80/407). Ascaris lumbricoides was the most prevalent 45(56.2%), followed by Trichuris trichiura 19(23.8%) and hookworms 12(15%). There were 4(5%) of double infection with A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura. Overall, 71 (17.4%) of the pregnant women responded to practice geophagia. STHs infection was significantly higher among geophagic pregnant women (p<0.01) and pregnant women who practiced geophagia were 3 times more likely (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.3-4.2) to have the STHs compared to non-geophagic. Out of those who claimed soil eating habits, 59.1% preferred reddish soil type. Geophagia practice was significantly higher during the third trimester as compared to first and second (p<0.05).CONCLUSION: Geophagia is a risky behavior and this study showed a significant association of geophagia practice with STH infections, although the causal relation could not be established.