bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL MODELS OF CREATIVE INDUSTRIES ON THE BASIS OF CORRELATION-REGRESSION ANALYSIS
Authors: Voichuk Maksym , Zavadska Yuliia
Published: August 2021

The article considers the importance of research and functioning of creative industries and substantiates the stages of integrated assessment of their development. One of the methodologi-cal approaches to the study of creative industries is considered namely correlation-regression analysis. The necessity of application of multiple correlation-regression analysis for estimation of the interdependence of certain creative indicators with their creative parameters is opened and the regional model of development of creative industries is constructed. The study is based on calculations and formulas, the values of which are used in the construction of a matrix of paired correlation coefficients and other important components. Based on the study, regression statistics and analysis of variance. The paper provides all possible indicators for the develop-ment of an organizational and economic mechanisms for building regional models of creative industries.
DIAGNOSIS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS IN UKRAINE
Authors: Khomiuk Nataliia
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the article is to analyze the environmental situation in rural areas in Ukraine in order to develop proposals for the diversification of agricultural production and non-agricultural activities in these areas on the basis of sustainable development. Based on the anal-ysis of the scientific literature on sustainable rural development, protection, and reproduction of natural resource potential, the methodological basis for the study of the ecological component of sustainable rural development has been formed. In the course of the research monographic, economic-statistical methods and methods of scientific generalization and synthesis were used. Based on the study of the state of agricultural lands, a continuous decrease in fertility as a result of increasing the rate of their degradation is substantiated. It was found that agricultural pro-ducers have reduced capital investment in environmental protection. It is proposed to promote the development of organic production as one of the areas of diversification of agricultural activities in order to reduce degradation processes.
EXPERIENCE OF DEVELOPED COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD ON REGULATION OF SPORTS AND HEALTH SPHERE AND PROMOTION OF ITS DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Tsymbaliuk Serhii
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the article is to study the experience of developed countries in the regulation of sports and health in order to stimulate its development and adaptation to new challenges and threats. In the course of the research the methods of theoretical and comparative analysis were used to reveal the peculiarities of the American and European models of sports and health man-agement; statistical and graphical - to determine the economic role and trends in the sports and health industry in the world, the impact of the pandemic on income from sports. The article develops organizational and economic approaches to intensify the development of sports and recreation. Certain features of organizational models of management, sports legislation, financ-ing, possible tools to stimulate the development of sports and health in the developed world form a scientific basis for substantiating ways to intensify this area.
CONCEPTUAL APPROACHES TO THE DEFINITION OF INCLUSIVE GROWTH IN THE CONTEXT OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Voichuk Maksym
Published: August 2021

The article analyzes scientific approaches to defining the concept of inclusive growth, its place, and its role in the structure of economic systems. Attention is paid to the participation of various researchers and international organizations in the formation of this concept. The practical as-pects of the implementation of the concept of “inclusive economic growth” are determined and the prospects for further research on this concept are outlined, in particular, in terms of different levels of the economy.
NATURAL RESOURCES OF THE FUTURE
Authors: Abesadze Ramaz
Published: August 2021

The paper examines the problems of replacing non-renewable resources with inexhaustible and renewable resources, ie future resources. The issue is discussed in a complex way and by indi-vidual species of resources. Particular attention is paid to space resources - the use of the re-sources of asteroids, the Moon, Mars and Jupiter.
THE IMPACT OF POOR WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICE ON THE CAMPUS STUDENTS: THE CASE OF GONDAR UNIVERSITY OF “TEWODROS” CAMPUS, ETHIOPIA
Authors: Wondimu Habtamu , Assres Abie , Simegnew Atnkut
Published: August 2021

This study considers and seeks to assess the socio-economic challenges of students with disabili-ties at the University of Gondar, particularly at the "Maraki" campus. The findings of the study, therefore, are believed to show the challenges of students with disabilities and attempt to reckon the barriers which they face while attending school in the study area. To acquire sufficient and detailed information, both qualitative and quantitative research approaches have been utilized. Besides, to achieve the ultimate objectives of the study, the researchers employed a descriptive narrative research design. Besides, the researchers, while investigating the study, used three basic instruments in the process of collecting necessary data for the study, namely: a survey questionnaire, an interview, and a focus group discussion. The findings of the study are shown in depending on their particular impairment and some pertinent socio-economic challenges, most of the disabled students on the "Maraki" campus have experienced barriers to accessing quality of education. The findings of the study revealed that lack of money is the main hardship for those who lived with disability for the attainment of their education. Some of them were the head of the household. They have children and are unable to do additional work to get more income to meet their basic needs.
FORMS AND METHODS OF INTERACTION BETWEEN THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH AND PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS AS FACTORS ? IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE HUMANITARIAN SPHERE OF THE REGION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF TERNOPIL REGION)
Authors: Parylo Taras Stepanovich
Published: August 2021

The article has a theoretical and practical nature and is devoted to the characterization of forms and methods in the process of interaction between public authorities and public organizations in the development of the humanitarian sphere of the region. It is noted that the coordinated development of the humanitarian sphere by the authorities and the public is an important stage in the formation of the Ukrainian state. Considerable attention is paid to the analysis of cooperation between public authorities and public organizations in the Ternopil region. Based on the analysis and generalization of the results of interaction between public authorities and public organizations, the need for changes in planning the development of the humanitarian sphere of the region is emphasized. The importance of forming and establishing interaction between all actors influencing the development of the humanitarian sphere is substantiated. The assessment of forms (organizational, organizational and legal), methods (humanitarian, administrative, socio-political); moral and ethical are especially distinguished, given their greatest role in the "service" of the humanitarian sphere. The evaluation of the effectiveness of the interaction between the executive body and public organizations is carried out, specific examples from the Ternopil region are given, a number of documents, orders of the regional state administration, jointly organized events by the regional authorities and public organizations are analyzed. Possibilities of the analysis and an estimation of efficiency of interaction of the power and public organizations in development of public opinion are allocated. It is this form of evaluation that makes it possible to compare the level and results of cooperation, to compare with the needs, ideals and expectations of people the results of cooperation in the field of humanitarian development of the region.
Innowacje w zakresie bhp w polskich przedsiębiorstwach w okresie epidemii COVID-19
Authors: Pęciłło Małgorzata
Published: August 2021

Innowacja oznacza – według definicji OECD – wdrożenie nowego lub znacząco udoskonalonego produktu, usługi czy też metody, np. zarządzania. W artykule przedstawiono poziom wdrożenia innowacji organizacyjnych w Polsce na tle innych państw. W świetle tych statystyk Polska zajmuje jedno z gorszych miejsc pod względem innowacyjności. Tymczasem o innowacyjności może świadczyć również umiejętność szybkiego reagowania na zmiany w bliższym i dalszym otoczeniu przedsiębiorstwa oraz szybkiego wdrażania niestosowanych dotąd metod i organizacji pracy w celu zapewnienia ciągłości działania. Takimi umiejętnościami wykazały się polskie przedsiębiorstwa w obliczu epidemii COVID-19.
Hermeneutics and Paratext
Authors: Saki Mohamed
Published: August 2021

This paper sets out to analyse the hermeneutical process of highlighting at work in Seamus Heaney’s preface to his 1999 retranslation of Beowulf. My analysis takes into account the generic identity of the preface by considering it as a textual subgenre where the translator becomes a metatranslator in order to voice herself out of invisibility, engaging thereby in a (self-reflexive) hermeneutical analysis and ‘justification’ by commenting on the selection of the text to be translated and her own translation choices. The analysis is carried out with the help of two concepts elaborated by Gadamer: situatedness and self-understanding. These concepts will help show how the Northern Irish poet fuses different horizons in the process of his retranslation. In this essay, I also take into account the specificity of retranslation as a particular instance of hermeneutical activity. To do so, I focus on how Heaney introduces his own rendering of Beowulf, and on how he explains the translational choices and processes he opted for in order to render this canonical text into contemporary language. I argue that the closely related notions of situatedness and self-understanding can help bring to the fore how Heaney establishes an intrinsic link between his own retranslation choices on the one hand and, on the other, his cultural identity and poetics. Taking into consideration the hermeneutical dimension of this preface, it will be argued, gives us valuable insight into the retranslation project of Seamus Heaney. It will show that he does not seek to impose on Beowulf a transcendental truth or to fix it in a definite retranslation and interpretation. Instead, situatedness and self-understanding help shed light on how he engages creatively with the epic Anglo-Saxon poem: at issue is both how his retranslation is situated and grounded in his own subjectivity, and indeed with respect to his existential questions, as well as in a wider socio-cultural context.
Grenzen und Möglichkeiten der (paepckeschen) Hermeneutik
Authors: Forget Philippe
Published: August 2021

After the author explicates how his academic relationship to Paepcke began in the 1970s, he proceeds to discuss critically the latter’s reflections on language and translation. Latent contradictions in Paepcke’s conceptual framework and in his understanding of the relationship between theory and practice are brought to the fore. This conceptual tension shows that Paepcke’s understanding of and approach to dealing with texts is problematic. Using concrete examples, the author demonstrates that Paepcke did not rely on the text as the criterion for constituting meaning. Rather Paepcke relied on historically mediated conceptual constructs which were given the status of authoritative units of sense, and these units guided Paepcke in his process of establishing the meaning of the whole. The reason for this can be found in unreflected preliminary decisions that are seen as “a priori evidence.” This also explains why Paepcke’s real achievement lies in the contrastive analysis of comprehensive concepts – of traditionally rich concepts developed over the course of time (human orientation) as well as in rationalized contemporary language (functional orientation).
Das Spiel des Übersetzens. Grundzüge einer komparativen Studie
Authors: Laverdure Eliane
Published: August 2021

This article seeks to shed some light on the experience of interpretation and translation from a hermeneutical point of view, more precisely on how the subjectivity of the translator plays an essential mediation role in the process of rendering the meaning of a text in a new language, a role that certainly goes beyond the sole linguistic transfer, without being per se subjective. This idea can best be understood through the concept of “game” as developed by the philosopher Hans-Georg Gadamer and introduced in translation theory by Fritz Paepcke, because it offers a model in which the participation of the individual is necessary without being arbitrary, since the players have to abide by the rules of the specific game they are playing – in this case, the text itself. However, the aim of this article is not to offer a method of translation, but is rather an attempt to consider the adequacy of translation on the basis of subjective and intersubjective factors – including the translator’s own prior knowledge and experience, his openness towards the text and his critical self-awareness – and therefore to propose an alternative to the overly normative and restrictive theoretical framework strictly focused on linguistic equivalence between ST and TT.
Revisiting the Unit of Translation from the Hermeneutical Perspective
Authors: Fontanet Mathilde
Published: August 2021

This paper attempts to show that the unit of translation, even though it has long been used by both translators and theorists, is not a very fruitful concept when it comes to describing the translation process. The way in which it has been defined up to now is either too restrictive to be valid or too broad to be manageable. It will appear that it is much more productive to consider translation from a hermeneutic point of view on the basis of both the working unit of translation (the portion of source text which is being processed at a particular time) and the complexity of the factors involved in the process. The notion of hermeneutic halo will be proposed as a useful tool in this context. Combined with the working unit of translation, it helps describe the translation process and is a means of accounting for the great variety of translations a single original can lead to.
Hydrodynamic Characterization of Bodies of Revolution through Statistical-Empirical Prediction Modeling Using Machine Learning
Authors: Thurman Christopher S. , Somero J. Ryan
Published: August 2021

Machine learning algorithms, namely artificial neural network modeling, were used to create Prediction models for force and moment coefficients of axisymmetric bodies of revolution. These prediction models had highly nonlinear functional relationships to both geometric parameters and inflow conditions, totaling five input factors. A uniform experimental design was created consisting of 50 design points in these five factors and dictated which test points to simulate. Data was generated using computational fluid dynamic simulations, which were performed on all geometries using NavyFOAM at the experimental conditions prescribed by the designed experiment. The prediction models were validated by comparing behavioral trends in responses to previous research conducted by the author on a similar geometry. A test data sets was also created and used to ensure that the prediction models were not overfit to the training data and that they could accurately predict arbitrary geometries and inflow conditions within the experimental design region. Once the prediction models were validated, they were used to study the effects of varying the geometric parameters, inherent to the experiment, on each of the force and moment coefficients.

Introduction

Multidisciplinary optimization (MDO) schemes used in the early concept design phases for aero/hydrodynamic vehicles often use simplified planar maneuvering characteristics based on empirical or analytical relations in order to limit the computational cost of maneuverability prediction. This method leaves a more detailed analysis of the maneuvering behavior of a design to later in the process, where improvement or correction of an adverse behavior may be difficult to implement. The analysis of out-of-plane conditions or combined pitch-yaw conditions especially, are usually relegated to the detail analysis phase as empirical/ analytical descriptions of these conditions are lacking in the literature. It is therefore desired to develop a method to move these more detailed maneuvering analyses forward in the design phase.
Teatro de calle y mascarada de invierno. La tenazada: una recreación del rito de los carochos
Authors: Panero García Mª Pilar
Published: August 2021

El día 1 de enero de cada año se celebra la mascarada Los Carochos en Riofrío de Aliste. Esta, con una acción ritual compleja y once personajes representando la mojiganga, es una de las más completas de las que se conservan en la provincia de Zamora. El 30 de enero de 2007 la compañía de teatro profesional Alkimia 130 dirigida por Mercedes Herrero Pérez (en colaboración con Fabularía Teatro) especializada en teatro de calle representan La tenazada, un homenaje al personaje del Carocho Grande después de una residencia de la compañía en la comunidad para conocer el rito. En la representación participó el pueblo y el resultado fue una performance en la que la frontera entre el rito original y espectáculo subjetivo está clara, pero con la que se genera una nueva ritualidad. Partimos del principio de Victor Turner de que el rito y el teatro son prácticas performativas del hombre que interpreta papeles continuamente porque es un homo performans . Veremos los elementos del rito vivo que se potenciaron en la representación que la compañía teatral y la comunidad hicieron; y analizaremos cómo la representación teatral a su vez trasciende el mero espectáculo cohesionando a los participantes y fijando la memoria local.
La crisis de las comunidades de riegos. El caso del cauce del Romeral
Authors: Gil Rodríguez Héctor
Published: August 2021

A partir del estudio del caso de la comunidad de regantes del cauce del Romeral, este trabajo trata de contribuir al debate en torno al papel de los bienes comunes en la sociedad rural actual. Metodológicamente, se han etnografiado diferentes momentos de una de las asambleas del colectivo, indagando en las limitaciones organizativas a las que se enfrentan los comuneros. A partir de ese material se defiende que el caso analizado constituye un ejemplo ilustrativo del modo en que la crisis agraria de los espacios rurales amenaza la sostenibilidad de los sistemas comunales de riego.
The Failure Factors of Collective Action in Promoting the Recognition of Customary Forest: Case of Kenegerian Rumbio Customary Forest in Riau Province
Authors:   Graduate Program of Forest Management, Faculty of Forestry, IPB University, Academic Ring Road Campus IPB Dramaga, Bogor, Indonesia 16680, Sembiring F R , Sundawati L , Nugroho B
Published: August 2021

One of the five schemes in social forestry program in Indonesia is customary forest recognition. Kenegerian Rumbio Customary Forest, a customary forest in Riau Province, is failed in the recognition process. The objectives of this study are to analyze the failure factors of collective action and to formulate strategies to encourage the success of collective action on recognition of Kenegerian Rumbio Customary Forest. This research was built by using both quantitative and qualitative approach where the data were collected by using survey and in-depth interviews. The research results found that improper facilitation caused by communication issues between involved parties, the absence of the symbolic power, the failure in forming the common knowledge are the factors leading to the failure of collective action. To reconstruct the collective action, this study offered four strategies: (1) to frequently communicate with personal approach to the two highest indigenous leaders with whom facilitators have difficulty communicating well, (2) to mediate the two conflicted indigenous leaders for generating their motivation to propose their forest, (3) to conduct socialization to all indigenous leaders (40 jini) and community representatives to increase an understanding regarding the purpose and importance of recognition of customary forest, and (4) to conduct a participatory mapping to reduce area border issues among two sub-tribes.
A Model of Religious Moral Approach for Peatland Ecosystem Restoration in Indonesia
Authors:   Center for Islamic Studies Universitas Nasional, Jl Sawo Manila, Pejaten, Ps Minggu, Jakarta 12520, Indonesia, Praharawati G , Mangunjaya F M , Saragih H M , Firdaus A Y , Mulyana T M , Ilmi F , Zulham M , Gunawan H , Utama S , Sinaga E
Published: August 2021

Efforts to conserve peatlands and prevent forest fires are inseparable from human awareness and behavior. This study aims to find a model for a religious, moral approach by the clerics in supporting the implementation of peatland restoration. The study was carried out in designated Muslim locations with trained clerics. The farmers surveyed also have experienced by the Peatland Restoration Agency (BRG) programs: i.e., physical support, such as a canal dam program and demonstration plot of agriculture without burning (PLTB). The methods used combine quantitative surveys with a Likert scale to explore attitudes, subjective norms, perception, intention, and their impact on behavior. The results obtained show that the community religious leaders can be an important trigger in encouraging the movement. In the model, visible subjective norm (SN) variables contribute directly to intention by 23%. Perceived behavior control (PBC) directly has a positive and significant effect on intention 53% (p-value). This means the individual, in making a decision and intention to participate, is a factor that has a broad impact on the community and gives a positive value of 53% (good enough) on the intention. The individuals' decisions to participate in peatland conservation are prompted by perception of having a wide impact on the community.
Customary Forest Managements and Its Challenges in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia: An Implication of Constitutional Court Decision 2012
Authors:   Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishiku Fukuoka, Japan 819-0395, Budiman I , Fujiwara T , Harada K , Sato N
Published: August 2021

Customary forests have not been adequately recognized in state forest management in Indonesia for a long time. However, in the last decades, several fundamental policy changes occurred, and the roles of local communities significantly recognized in forest management. The forest tenure reforms for customary communities are actively addressed after the Constitutional Court Decision (CCD) Number 35 in 2012. The objectives of this study are (1) to determine the changes in customary forest management in response to the CCD and (2) to discuss policy challenges after the CCD in East Nusa Tenggara Province. This study employed qualitative descriptive analysis methods. The result showed the different responses of customary communities related to the institutional development towards CCD. The lack of local regulations regarding customary peoples' rights still need to be solved. Besides, the claims of customary communities for customary forests overlapping with state conservation areas and other customary forests can make the problem more complicated.
Visual Evaluation of Soil Structure (VESS) Method to Assess Soil Properties of Agroforestry System in Pangalengan, West Java
Authors:   Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Academic Ring Road, Campus IPB Dramaga, Bogor, Indonesia 16680, Aji B D S , Wijayanto N , Wasis B
Published: August 2021

Agroforestry is an alternative land use that not only provides benefits in economic aspects, but also in ecological aspects including improving soil quality. This research aims to evaluate the physical quality of soil in various types of land use, including agroforestry systems and evaluate the efficiency of the VESS method in determining soil physical quality. This study uses the VESS method to analyze soil quality in six land uses in Pangalengan, West Java (i.e. agroforestry, forest, tea plantations, coffee plantations, agriculture cultivation, and abandoned land). It used The VESS method because it has been widely applied in many countries, but has never been applied in Indonesia. Soil property parameters (BD, soil porosity, soil permeability, and SOC) were measured to correlate with the VESS score. VESS score ranged from 1 (good soil quality) to 5 (poor soil quality). The VESS score for each land type ranged from Sq 1.3–4.33. The soil quality in agroforestry (Sq 1.89–2.04) is not much different from natural forest (Sq 1.3). The VESS score has strong correlation (r) with soil property parameters (BD = 0.97, soil porosity = -0.97, soil permeability = -0.83, SOC = -0.94). A Strong correlation value indicates that the VESS method can be used to analyze soil quality
Intra-operative cerebral blood flow assessment by indocyanine green video-angiography after temporary arterial occlusion in aneurysm surgery and its clinical implications: a prospective study
Authors: Dutta Gautam , Jagetia Anita , Srivastava Arvind K , Singh Daljit , Singh Hukum , Chawla Rajiv , Agarwal Atul , Iqbal Mohd , Tandon Monica
Published: August 2021

Objective: Indocyanine green video angiography (ICG-VA) is a routine while performing vascular surgery to assess patency of perforators, completeness of clipping and/or to assess patency of anastomosis. Its usefulness in assessing cerebral blood flow and perfusion is not well studied. This study is aimed to assess the cerebral blood flow and perfusion after temporary clipping and to correlate with the risk of ischemia.Methods: Prospective analysis of intra-operative ICG-VA performed during temporary arterial occlusion in 38 patients from January 2014 to December 2018 was conducted. Co-relation with post-operative MR diffusion weighted imaging (MR DWI) in terms of vascular territory of interest within 48 hours of surgery was performed. Clinical outcome was assessed using modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 1-month post-surgery.Results: 43 aneurysms in 38 patients clipped using ICG-VA were included in this study. No side effect of ICG dye was seen in any patients. The number of times temporary clips applied had a direct relationship to the delay in appearance of ICG in the surgical field which became statistically significant after application of 3rd temporary clip. Nine (23.7%) patients developed ischemia following the procedure confirmed by post-operative MR DWI and all the ischemic cases had visible decrease in ICG fluorescence post-temporary clipping.Conclusions: No previous study had tried to assess the intraoperative cerebral blood flow and perfusion during temporary clipping of parent vessels during aneurysm surgery. The use of ICG-VA can be extended to assess perfusion in desired territory by merely assessing the degree of opacification.
Self-expanding covered stent placement to treat a pseudoaneurysm caused by iatrogenic vertebral artery injury
Authors: Gigliotti Michael J , Savaliya Sandip , Schlauderaff Abraham , Kelleher John P , Cockroft Kevin M
Published: August 2021

Vertebral artery injuries account for approximately 19% of cerebral vascular injuries and are typically managed conservatively. However, some patients require operative intervention to gain control of an active hemorrhage, either via surgical ligation or endovascular intervention. We present a case of iatrogenic vertebral artery injury occurring during cervical spine surgery which was treated emergently with a self-expanding covered stent. A 58-year-old male presented for cervical traction, C5 and C6 corpectomy, and possible C4 to T2 posterior fusion following a motor vehicle accident. Intraoperatively, following drilling the C5 endplate, copious bleeding was observed from injury to the right vertebral artery resulting in pseudoaneurysm formation. The patient was loaded with ticagrelor and a self-expanding covered stent was placed via a transfemoral approach, resulting in obliteration of the pseudoaneurysm prior to completion of his cervical spine surgery. Emergent self-expanding covered stent placement for iatrogenic vertebral artery injury in the setting of an intraoperative injury is a safe and effective option. Ticagrelor is a viable alternative to traditional dual antiplatelet therapy for preventing thromboembolic complications in this urgent setting.
LMO2 is essential to maintain the ability of progenitors to differentiate into T-cell lineage in mice
Authors: Hirano Ken-ichi , Hosokawa Hiroyuki , Koizumi Maria , Endo Yusuke , Yahata Takashi , Ando Kiyoshi , Hozumi Katsuto
Published: August 2021

Notch signaling primarily determines T-cell fate. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the maintenance of T-lineage potential in pre-thymic progenitors remain unclear. Here, we established two murine Ebf1-deficient pro-B cell lines, with and without T-lineage potential. The latter expressed lower levels of Lmo2; their potential was restored via ectopic expression of Lmo2. Conversely, the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of Lmo2 resulted in the loss of the T-lineage potential. Introduction of Bcl2 rescued massive cell death of Notch-stimulated pro-B cells without efficient LMO2-driven Bcl11a expression but was not sufficient to retain their T-lineage potential. Pro-B cells without T-lineage potential failed to activate Tcf7 due to DNA methylation; Tcf7 transduction restored this capacity. Moreover, direct binding of LMO2 to the Bcl11a and Tcf7 loci was observed. Altogether, our results highlight LMO2 as a crucial player in the survival and maintenance of T-lineage potential in T-cell progenitors via the regulation of the expression of Bcl11a and Tcf7.
The cAMP effector PKA mediates Moody GPCR signaling in Drosophila blood–brain barrier formation and maturation
Authors: Li Xiaoling , Fetter Richard , Schwabe Tina , Jung Christophe , Liu Liren , Steller Hermann , Gaul Ulrike
Published: August 2021

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) of Drosophila comprises a thin epithelial layer of subperineural glia (SPG), which ensheath the nerve cord and insulate it against the potassium-rich hemolymph by forming intercellular septate junctions (SJs). Previously, we identified a novel Gi/Go protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), Moody, as a key factor in BBB formation at the embryonic stage. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of Moody signaling in BBB formation and maturation remain unclear. Here, we identify cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) as a crucial antagonistic Moody effector that is required for the formation, as well as for the continued SPG growth and BBB maintenance in the larva and adult stage. We show that PKA is enriched at the basal side of the SPG cell and that this polarized activity of the Moody/PKA pathway finely tunes the enormous cell growth and BBB integrity. Moody/PKA signaling precisely regulates the actomyosin contractility, vesicle trafficking, and the proper SJ organization in a highly coordinated spatiotemporal manner. These effects are mediated in part by PKA’s molecular targets MLCK and Rho1. Moreover, 3D reconstruction of SJ ultrastructure demonstrates that the continuity of individual SJ segments, and not their total length, is crucial for generating a proper paracellular seal. Based on these findings, we propose that polarized Moody/PKA signaling plays a central role in controlling the cell growth and maintaining BBB integrity during the continuous morphogenesis of the SPG secondary epithelium, which is critical to maintain tissue size and brain homeostasis during organogenesis.
Gaps in global wildlife trade monitoring leave amphibians vulnerable
Authors: Hughes Alice C , Marshall Benjamin Michael , Strine Colin T
Published: August 2021

As the biodiversity crisis continues, we must redouble efforts to understand and curb pressures pushing species closer to extinction. One major driver is the unsustainable trade of wildlife. Trade in internationally regulated species gains the most research attention, but this only accounts for a minority of traded species and we risk failing to appreciate the scale and impacts of unregulated legal trade. Despite being legal, trade puts pressure on wild species via direct collection, introduced pathogens, and invasive species. Smaller species-rich vertebrates, such as reptiles, fish, and amphibians, may be particularly vulnerable to trading because of gaps in regulations, small distributions, and demand of novel species. Here, we combine data from five sources: online web searches in six languages, Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) trade database, Law Enforcement Management Information System (LEMIS) trade inventory, IUCN assessments, and a recent literature review, to characterise the global trade in amphibians, and also map use by purpose including meat, pets, medicinal, and for research. We show that 1215 species are being traded (17% of amphibian species), almost three times previous recorded numbers, 345 are threatened, and 100 Data Deficient or unassessed. Traded species origin hotspots include South America, China, and Central Africa; sources indicate 42% of amphibians are taken from the wild. Newly described species can be rapidly traded (mean time lag of 6.5 years), including threatened and unassessed species. The scale and limited regulation of the amphibian trade, paired with the triptych of connected pressures (collection, pathogens, invasive species), warrants a re-examination of the wildlife trade status quo, application of the precautionary principle in regard to wildlife trade, and a renewed push to achieve global biodiversity goals.
Isolation, Purify and Characterization of Lectin from the Seeds of Artocarpus Species
Authors: Krupa S. , Murthy K. R. Siddalinga
Published: August 2021

Aim: To isolate, partially purify and characterize lectin from the seeds of Artocarpus  species - using ammonium sulphate, gel-filtration and ion exchange chromatography. 

Methodology: ABO blood groups were screened for the assay of hemagglutinating property with seed lectins of both. heterophyllus and A. hirsutus. The seed lectins were extracted using suitable buffer system pH 7.0 and partially purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatographic techniques.

Results and Discussion: Lectins were extracted from the defatted seed powders of A. heterophyllus and A. hirsutus. The extracts were used for optimization of assay buffer for hemagglutination activity and 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8.8 containing 1 mM CaCl2 and 1 mM MnCl2 showed greater hemagglutinating property. Screening for optimum concentration of RBCs from different blood group (A, B, AB and O groups) indicated O group at 10 % concentration as ideal for the assay of hemagglutinating property with seed lectins of both A. heterophyllus and A. hirsutus.

Conclusion: In this study, lectin from the seeds of Artocarpus heterophyllus and Artocarpus hirsutus were isolated and partially purified. The isolated lectins were characterized for their heamagglutination activity. Among the human blood types (A+, B+, AB+ and O+) used, all the blood groups showed agglutination while greater agglutination was observed with O+ blood group.
Humankind’s Existential Crisis Amid COVID-19 Pandemic: A Theoretical Perspective
Authors: Wangchuk Pema
Published: August 2021

An existential crisis (EC) is a situation in which an individual provokes a storm of dread about the meaning, purpose, or value of life, and is unpleasantly disturbed by a series of thoughts in their lives. With the COVID-19 pandemic, the EC on humankind has further increased across the world. Although scholars have studied the effects of EC on humans, there are limited studies of the pandemic that induces EC in humans.  The most neglected area in past research has been the lack of integration between different disciplines to find better solutions for EC disease. This study aims to identify the main factors that influence people’s psychological stigma due to crisis and examine how the previous studies’ contributions, evaluations, and insights on EC are interrelated and biased. This is an independent article based on a literature review. It took more than two months to review entire articles. As the guiding framework of the study, death and meaninglessness, loneliness and social isolation, freedom, and authenticity are emphasized succinctly to deliberate on EC. The study shows the limitations in views and findings with the previous studies including the usage of the jargon related to CE. The experience of death, loneliness, and isolation amid the COVID-19 pandemic isn’t always alluring to many humankind as indicated in the study. Strong integration of psychology and Buddhism may offer the right solutions to overcome the EC during the pandemic. However, a large number of studies, seminars and conferences may need to be initiated by the respective academics and policy makers in order to advocate an integrated approach to the solutions for EC.
Concomitancy of Entomophilous and Soil Transmitted Nematodes in Selected Insects
Authors: Ozeum C. U. , Nzeako S. O. , Abajue M. C. , Maduike E. M.
Published: August 2021

Aim: To determine the occurrence of entomophilous and soil transmitted nematodes of three insect species; Zonocerus variegatus, Gryllotalpa orientalis and Mantis religiosa in Obio Akpor, Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria.

Methodology: The insect samples were collected with entomological sweep net as described by Colwell [1] and pitfall traps as described by Davies [2]. Insect samples were dissected using Stubbins’ method [3] while nematodes in the insects were isolated and identified according to Cheesborough, (2005).

Results: Two hundred and forty-eight (248) insect specimens comprising; Z. variegatus 193 (77.8%), G. orientalis 42(16.9%) and Mantis religiosa 13(5.2%) were collected from designated ecological settings based on availability and trapping efficiency. Out of the 248 insects sampled; 145 (58.5%) were infected with three genera of nematodes comprising; Ascaris lumbricoides; 17 (7.5%), Mermis Spp., 148 (65.5%) and Trilabiatus lignicolus 61(27.0%). Mermis Spp., an entomophilous nematode occurred in Z. variegatus and Mantis religiosa due to host specific factors. Nematode occurrence in the host did not indicate sex relationship (P>0.05) however, hosts age influenced parasite occurrence as older insects harbored more parasites (P<0.05). Trilabiatus lignicolus; a free-living soil nematode and A. lumbricoides; a soil transmitted helminthes found in the guts of Z. variegatus and G orientalis was attributed to the feeding habits of the insects.

Conclusion: The study indicated that Z. variegatus and G. orientalis as veritable vectors of soil transmitted nematodes while Z. variegatus and Mantis religiose are suitable host of the entomophilous nematode Mermis Spp.
Effect of Different Food Coloring Additives on the Color Stability of Microabraded, at-Home Bleached and Resin Infiltrated Tooth
Authors: Sherin B. Nilopher , Began Thendral , Sherwood I. Anand , Amaechi Bennett T. , Sivakumar A. Andamuthu , Farooq Omar
Published: August 2021

Objective: Color stability of at-home bleaching and resin infiltration is one of the main goals of these procedures. The primary aim of present study was to evaluate color stability of at-home bleaching and resin infiltration to four common colorants present in Indian foods (turmeric, beetroot, coffee and artificial food colorants).

Materials and Methods: 128 human maxillary central incisors were used in this study. Teeth were randomly divided into groups as (i) subjected and (ii) not-subjected to microabrasion. Further, the teeth in each group (abraded/non-abraded) were randomly distributed to four subgroups (16 teeth/subgroup). Subgroups were control, bleached, combined treatment with at-home bleaching followed by resin infiltration and infiltrated. After treatment procedures the teeth were immersed in the four different food colorants. Objective photographic color change evaluation from pre-/ post staining was done using the CIEDE2000 formula.

Statistical Analyses: Data were analyzed using parametric and nonparametric tests (α =0.05).

Results: Turmeric solution caused significantly (P < 0.05) highest post-staining values b*and ΔE values in Combine-Rx group and Infiltration groups.

Conclusions: Subsequent discoloration of esthetically treated teeth does not necessarily depend on the type of treatment but on the coloring additives present in the diet, of which turmeric has the highest discoloration potential.

Clinical Significance: Turmeric is one of the essential ingredients in Indian foods therefore, both patients and operator must be aware that resin infiltrated teeth can discolored from regular diets that contains turmeric as coloring additives.
Heavy Metal Concentration of Surface Water, Sediment and Fishes Impacted by Crude Oil Pollution in Bodo/Bonny River, Nigeria
Authors: Ogbonna David N. , Origbe Matthew E.
Published: August 2021

Heavy metals can be released into the aquatic environment through storm-water run-off and wastewater discharges and reprocessing from various industrial and anthropogenic activities. They have the potential to be toxic to biota above certain threshold concentrations while sediments in the marine ecosystems act as long-term sinks for many anthropogenic contaminants such as these organic pollutants. This study was therefore aimed at determining the heavy metal contents in the surface water, sediments and fishes from the Bodo/Bonny river. Sampling was done according to standard protocols. Surface water, sediment and fish samples were collected from 5 stations (BBW1, BBW2, BBW3, BBW4 and LFPW5) with LFPW5 serving as control.  Sediment was collected from 0-15 and 15-30 cm. The fish gills, liver, kidney etc. were excised from the rib for heavy metals (Pb, Fe, Zn, Cr, Cd etc) analysis using sterile scalpel. The results of heavy metal in surface water samples show that Zinc had a range of 173.1±10.21 to 179.3±11.01 mg/kg in all sampling locations above the permissible limit of DPR limit of 5 mg/kg for Brackish/ Saline water.  The sediment samples were loamy. The concentrations of trace metals in sediments revealed that Pb had the highest concentration of 48.61mg/kg at 0-15cm depth while Chromium had highest concentration of 41.54mg/kg at 15-30cm depth. Chromium, Cadmium and Copper increased with increase in depth at 15-30cm while Lead, Zinc and Iron took the reverse trend at 0-15cm depth. Heavy metal content of fish samples from the  river water show that the mean concentration values in the fresh fish was in the increasing order of Copper < Cadmium < Nickel < Lead <Iron< Zinc. The data generated from this study showed that there were actually heavy metals accumulations in fish tissues that were above the WHO permissible limits. The increased heavy metals concentration from all sites suggest that fishes that inhabit polluted areas risk bioaccumulation, which go on to affect the overall health of the human population that depend on such rivers for fishing, drinking or irrigation.
A Review of the Use Cases and Possible Technologies for 5G and Beyond Communications
Authors: Ali Ali Mahamoud , Adoum Bakhit Amine , Bachar Idriss Saleh , Armi Nasrullah , Idriss Mahamat Saleh , Khayal Mahamoud Youssouf
Published: August 2021

5G communication system is rapidly taking shape and for many organizations, including administrations, it is important to be aware of developments in this regard. At this stage, it is essential to know about 5G use cases and possible key technologies. This paper describes several anticipated 5G use cases across a handful of different sectors. It is important to remember that these comprise only a subset of possible use cases and these are all still new. As-yet more new use cases are expected to emerge and the need to prepare their adaption in 5G and beyond. From wireless transmission, wireless access and network perspectives, the possible key technologies of 5G, including Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), Beam-forming, Device-to-Device communication system (D2D), non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), Full duplex, Small cells, cognitive radio(CR), etc. and their latest progress are presented comprehensively and thoroughly. Each has enormous advantages but also limitations. The Full duplex which will help to double the capacity of the channel compared to the Half-duplex technology of 4G and Small cells combined with millimeter waves to have a wide bandwidth. These Small-Cells are essential for energy reduction and also for improving latency. But these Small-Cells require the use of intelligent antennas, that is to say, the diagrams of which are directive and reconfigurable at the request of the user Future research challenges regarding 5G and beyond wireless communication are also discussed.
Assessment of Lycopene Derived Fresh and Processed Tomato Products on Human Diet in Eliminating Health Diseases
Authors: Sharma Priyanka , Roy Monish , Roy Bidhan
Published: August 2021

Tomato which is scientifically known as Lycopersicon esculentum and basically belonging to the Solanaceae family is categorized as one of the most essential horticultural crops. The red colour in tomatoes and other fruits is primarily due to the presence of a carotenoid pigment particularly lycopene which acts as a phytochemical. Higher concentrations of lycopene pigment are particularly found in fruits like tomatoes, watermelon, pink grapefruit, pink guava, red bell pepper, sea buckhorn, wolfberry, and rosehip. Lycopene plays a fundamental role in the process of biosynthesis of several carotenoid pigments specifically available in two forms; Hydrocarbon carotenoids and Xanthophylls thereby responsible for imparting red, yellow, and orange color in addition to photosynthesis and photo-protection in terms of plants, algae and other photosynthetic organisms. It acts as a potential antioxidant among the entire carotenoid pigments because of its characteristics involving strong color and anti-toxicity properties. Vitamins enriched beta carotene provitamin A, and Ascorbic acid in the form of edible compounds have been abundantly found in tomatoes. Daily intake of lycopene through consumption of tomato and processed tomato products helps in reducing the risk of chronic diseases particularly cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Epidemiological studies have indicated the importance of lycopene in eliminating the risk of human diseases thereby preventing it from deterioration of health. Based on the chemical structure of lycopene, it exists in a thermodynamically stable form thereby exhibiting trans-configuration.  In this manuscript, major emphasis highlighted in involving an intake of carotenoid enriched fruits and vegetables for further controlling and reducing the risk of occurrence of human diseases has been reviewed. In addition, significance of manufacturing of value added products and its consumption in the form of tomato oil, non-alcoholic flavored drink etc. has also been reviewed. Authentic information in terms of the addition of lycopene in a daily balanced diet either fresh or processed tomato products along with its functions involving the singlet oxygen quenching ability, as well as benefits of consuming lycopene derived fruits has been reviewed in this manuscript.