bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of neem cake in the management of root knot nematode
Authors: DEEPA S P  , SANKARI MEENA K
Published: February 2024

Neem enrichment extract (NEE) was used at different concentrations viz., 0, 2.5, 5 and 10% to check its effect on second stage juveniles of Meloidogyne spp. Root knot nematode bio-assay in Petri Plates as well as in pot culture experiments were carried out with NEE.The results indicated that neem cake extracts was effective to control the root knot nematodes due to the presence of biological substance (azadirachtin, salannin, nimbin) and its derivative compounds (triterpenoid, limonoid).
Heterosis studies for seed yield and yield contributing traits in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)
Authors: A S RATHOD  , S P POLE  , A J SALUNKE  , S G DHAWALE
Published: February 2024

The highest magnitude of significantly positive heterosis over mid parent to the extent of 77.91 per cent and over standard check JLT-408 to the extent of 34.63 per cent was recorded by the cross RT-351 X TMV-4 and the cross RT-346 X PKDS-11 showed heterosis ( 57.01 %) over better parent for seed yield/plant. The best crosses based on heterosis were RT-351 X TMV-4 and RT-346 X THILARANI identified as the best cross combinations for further exploitation.
Evaluation of Castor parental lines for root growth (Poly Bags)
Authors: P LAKSHMAMMA  , LAKSHMI PRAYAGA  , T MANJUNATHA  , C LAVANYA  , S SENTHILVEL  , K ALIVELU
Published: February 2024

Twelve castor parental lines were grown in poly bags to see the root and shoot growth till 90 DAS during kharif, 2020 in CRBD with 4 replications and 3 plants per replication. Total dry matter (TDM) showed strong positive correlation (>0.70) with all shoot and root traits. Among the studied parental lines, IPC-41, IPC-43, DPC-22 recorded good crop growth (stem girth, root length, root volume), root, stem dry weight and total dry matter (TDM).
Management of major defoliators of soybean using microbial agents
Authors: R S JADHAV  , S P MEHTRE  , V R GHUGE
Published: February 2024

Field experiment was conducted in kharif 2019-20 at AICRP on Soybean, V.N.M.K.V., Parbhani to evaluate the bioefficacy of different biopesticides along with control against major defoliators of soybean. Among the different treatments, after 2nd spray, at 7 DAT, microbial agent N. rileyi recorded significantly lowest of 0.58 larvae/mrl and found superior over rest of the microbial agents in reducing the population of semiloopers. However, it was found at par with the microbial agent B. bassiana (0.75 larvae/mrl). Next best microbial agents were treatment Bt (0.83 larvae/mrl) and M. anisopliae (1.00 larvae/mrl). The microbial agent treatment N. rileyi recorded highest of 1281 kg/ha yield. However, it was found at par with microbial agents treatment B. bassiana (1141 kg/ha) and Bt (1110 kg/ha).
Combining ability analysis for yield and it’s contributing characters in Indian mustard
Authors: S. R. KAMDI  , P. D. RAUT  , BEENA NAIR  , A. D. SAPKAL  , DIKSHA TAJANE  , S. S. BHURE
Published: February 2024

Fifteen F1 crosses of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss] obtained by half diallel fashion using six parents (excluding reciprocal) and evaluated along with parents and checks to study the combining ability. The parent NRCHB-101 and Pusa Mustard-31 were recorded as good general combiners for seed yield and it attributing characters. The crosses NRCHB-101 × Pusa Mustard-31 and Pusa Mustard-31 × Kranti both showed significant negative SCA effects for seed yield and most of its contributing characters and also exhibited significant mean for most of yield contributing characters. These crosses can be forwarded to next generation for producing genotypes of inherent superiority by blending and mixing maximum favorable following by simple selection methods.
Effect of green manure incorporation on yield of subsequent groundnut crop
Authors: S THIRUVARASSAN  , M KUMAR
Published: February 2024

Field experiments were carried out during 2019 to 2021 at Oilseeds Research Station, Tindivanam to Study the effect of green manure incorporation on yield of subsequent groundnut crop. The result revealed that higher mean pod yield of (2710 kg/ha) was recorded in the treatment (M2 S3) Sunhemp incorporation with 75% RDF application. The pod yield was on par with the green manure crop daincha incorporated with 75 % RDF (M3S3). The treatment control recorded the lowest yield.
Management of sucking pests in castor with newer insecticides
Authors: P A SARAVANAN  , V RAVICHANDRAN  , P VEERAMANI  , P ARUTCHENTHIL  , S R VENKATACHALAM  , S MANICKAM  , P DURAIMURUGAN
Published: February 2024

Newer insecticides were evaluated against major sucking pests viz., leafhopper and whitefly in a field experiment conducted at Tapioca and Castor Research Station, Yethapur, TNAU for two years (2021, 2022) during rabi season using castor hybrid YRCH 1. The treatments Thiacloprid 21.7 SC@1ml/l and Cyantranilprole 10.26 OD @ml/l were found superior and recorded significant control of leafhopper (2.48 leafhopper /3 leaves/plant) and whitefly population (1.00 /3 leaves/plant) respectively. The treatments Cynantraniliprole 10.26 OD and Thiacloprid 21.7 SC spray resulted in significantly higher seed yield 1568 kg/ha and 1542kg/ha respectively.
Genetic variability studies in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)
Authors: D PADMAJA  , M RAJENDRAPRASAD  , R UMA REDDY
Published: February 2024

The field experiment was conducted during summer, 2019-20 at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Polasa, Jagtial India. To access genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for seed yield and its attributing traits in 18 genotypes of sesame. The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the sesame genotypes for variability on yield with yield attributing traits. Seed yield exhibited low heritability, coupled with low genetic advance as per cent of mean, GCV values representing the availability of less variability for this trait. 1000 seed weight and days to 50% flowering recorded high heritability coupled with moderate genetic advance as per cent mean. Results reveal that, these characters were under the governance of additive gene action and can be further improved through selection procedure.
Genetic diversity analysis in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) germplasms
Authors: SAMPATH L  , R SASIKALA  , T KALAIMAGAL  , V SANTHIYA  , B J ANTONY
Published: February 2024

Evaluating genetic diversity in germplasm resources is a prerequisite for any effective breeding program. To classify sixty-six sunflower germplasm and seven checks, the study was conducted during 2020. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all characters. Divergence analysis using hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) has been performed to effectively determining genetically distant parents, which could be used for hybridization. The HCA based on first three PCs grouped the lines into 8 clusters, where cluster IV had maximum number of genotypes. Additionally, it signifies that cluster I and cluster VIII are highly diverse, whereas cluster V and VI are less diverse.
Horticulture –Arepository of speciality oils
Authors: K V LAKSHMI  , NATARAJAN SEENIVASAN
Published: February 2024

There are a number of vegetable oils used in the world by the people in their day to day life for cooking, medicines, fuel...etc of which sunflower oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, palm oil, rape seed oil account for the largest percentage. There are also other oils which are derived from the horticultural crops though used in a small quantity by a small section of people possess an immense value. They are used for a wide range of purposes like medicine, cosmetics, cooking, pesticides, fungicides, perfumes…etc. Different crops produce different kinds of oils used for different purposes. Horticultural crops like fruit crops, vegetable crops, ornamentals, spices, plantations, medicinal and aromatic crops are used for extracting the oils. As the cost of a small amount of these oils is too high, it is a fetching business for the farmers to commercialize the production of these crops.
Storability, longevity and rancidity: A genomic perspective on evolutionary constraints in major oilseeds
Authors: RAMYA PARAKKUNNEL  , BHOJARAJA NAIK K  , GIRIMALLA VANISHREE  , KT RAMYA  , ANJITHA GEORGE  , KV SRIPATHY  , CS SHANTHARAJA  , S ARAVINDAN  , K UDAYA BHASKAR  , A ANANDAN  , SANJAY KUMAR
Published: February 2024

Limited longevity and accelerated chemical decomposition during storage are major problems found in oilseeds. In the present study the genomic composition of rancidity prone soybean and sunflower are compared with oil seeds with fairly good storability like sesame and olive. The chromosomal location, gene duplications, syntenic relationships, cis-element architecture and protein-protein interactions were studied with respect to 250 genes affecting lipid decomposition like lipases, lipoxygenases and oleosins. The expansion of lipoxygenases and phospholipaseD genes in soybean and sunflower indicate the importance of gene duplication in functional divergence. Moreover the effect of strong purifying selection in lipid decomposition genes was evident in shaping the genomic diversity.
Impact assessment of front line demonstration of safflower on farmers’ fields
Authors: S A SHINDE  , D P WASKAR  , S B GHUGE  , C V AMBADAKAR
Published: February 2024

AICRP on Safflower, VNMKV, Parbhani conducted 160 demonstrations on safflowers during Five consecutive years from 2017–18 to 2021–22. The critical inputs were identified in existing production technology through meetings and discussions with farmers. Uncontrolled weeds, ignorance about fertilizers and lack of plant protection measures, were the predominant identified causes of low productivity of safflower. The average results of Five years study revealed that the Seed yield under demonstration plots was 1290 Kg/ha as compared to 994 kg /ha in traditional farmer practices plots. The results clearly indicate the positive effects of FLDs over the existing practices. Percentage increase Seed yield over farmer practice was found 30%.
Interspecific hybridization in niger (Guizotia abyssinica l.f. cass)
Authors: M SUJATHA  , HELAN BABY THOMAS  , H D PUSHPA  , R PARIMALAN
Published: February 2024

The study presents the results of successful establishment and interspecific hybridization of cultivated Niger (Guizotia abyssinica) with one of its wild allies, G. scabra. Out of four accessions of wild species collected from Kenya, two accessions (P3: EC1077609 and P4: EC1077610) could be successfully established that were used in interspecific crosses. Direct and reciprocal crosses were made (JNS-28 x P3; JNS-28 x P4) and adequate quantity of F1 seed was obtained in crosses of wild x cultivated. Morphological analysis of the F1 hybrids showed the vigorous nature of the interspecific hybrids and the results are presented.
Effect of varied fertilizer levels on productivity and economics of sunflower based cropping systems
Authors: D SWETHA  , A V RAMANJANEYULU  , D SRAVANTHI  , N SAINATH
Published: February 2024

A field experiment was conducted during 2018-19 to 2020-21 to study the effect of different preceding crops and fertilizer levels on yield and economics of rabi sunflower at Agricultural Research Station, Tornala, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University. The results revealed that, among different cropping systems, Greengram – sunflower cropping system recorded significantly higher sunflower equivalent yield (2202 kg ha-1), gross (Rs.1,26,948 ha-1) and net returns (Rs. 68,659 ha-1), whereas, foxtail millet – sunflower recorded higher B:C ratio (2.21). Among fertilizer treatments, 100% RDF (75:90:30 N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1) recorded higher sunflower equivalent yield, gross returns, net returns and B:C ratio (2054 kg ha-1, Rs.1,18,064 ha-1, Rs. 57,082 ha-1 and 1.94),respectively.
Occurrence of castor diseases in Tamil Nadu and screening of castor parental lines for wilt resistance
Authors: V RAVICHANDRAN  , N INDRA  , P A SARAVANAN  , P VEERAMANI  , P ARUTCHENTHIL  , S R VENKATACHALAM  , S MANICKAM
Published: February 2024

Castor is an important industrial oilseed crop. The survey conducted during 2021-2022 in castor growing area of Tamil Nadu indicated that wilt and gray mold are the major disease. The wilt disease incidence ranged from 10.2 to 25.4 per cent and gray mold disease severity ranged from 37.8 to 62.2 PDI. The screening of castor parental line for wilt resistance in wilt epiphytic condition revealed BCS 3, ICS 253, ICS 309 and IPC 46 found promising for wilt resistance and they can be utilized for the development of wilt resistant castor hybrids.
Selection of elite genotypes of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) through AMMI, GGE biplot and MTSI
Authors: SURENDRA KUMAR  , RAHUL BHARDWAJ  , ARCHNA RAI  , VIKAS KHANDELWAL  , RUMIT PATEL  , RAMESH  , S J JHAMBHULKAR  , MANISH KUMAR
Published: February 2024

Forty-five Indian mustard genotypes were evaluated under four environments. Significant G × E interaction leads to stability analysis using AMMI, GGE biplot and MTSI. GGE biplot identified G43 as a vertex genotype in E1 and E2; G41 in E3 and E4 for seed yield and G16 in E1 and E2; G11 in E3 and G13 in E4 for oil content. AEC illustrated that G27 and G30 were most stable for seed yield and G14 for oil content. Environment, E1 and E4 were more discriminating whereas E1 and E3 were more representative for seed yield and oil content, respectively. MTSI identified promising genotype G42, G43, G45, G40, G41 and G44. According to AMMI, E1 and E2 were potential whereas E3 and E4 were poor environment. Genotypes G39, G2, G18 and G6 for seed yield whereas G45 and G9 for oil content were broadly adapted to all environments.
Exploitation of biotic inducers and hyperparasites as potential biological control against foliar diseases in peanut
Authors: DURGADEVI  , D L RAJENDRAN  , G KARTHIKEYAN  , T RAGUCHANDER
Published: February 2024

Field experiments were conducted to study the efficacy of biotic inducers namely salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and Beta amino barbutric acid (BABA) and Plant growth promoting microbes viz., Trichoderma asperllum and Bacillus subtilis, hyperparasite (Spharellopsis filum) along with fungicide (carbendazim) against foliar diseases of groundnut. In the study, vacuum seed infiltration application along with foliar spray of biotic inducers @ 30, 45 and 60 days after planting significantly reduced the late leaf spot (23.8) while S. filum recorded least rust incidence (11.21) and also increased the pod yield compared to fungicide and untreated control. The induced defense enzymes namely phenol (46 μg of catechol / g of fresh tissue) and Phenyl alanine ammonia lyase (1.754nmol/min/g) was also high in biotic inducers and S. filum treated plants followed by B. subtilis treatedpeanut plants.
Soil organic carbon build up in sesame under soybean-sesame cropping systems in response to organic management modules
Authors: K RAMESH  , AZIZ QURESHI  , P DURAIMURUGAN  , PRADUMAN YADAV  , PC LATHA  , T BOOPATHI  , C MANIMURUGAN  , SANKARI MEENA
Published: February 2024

Field experiments were conducted in deep Vertisols at ICRISAT farm in a fixed plot with eight nutrient management options with complete organic package to understand the soil organic carbon build-up since 2018 for soybean (cv. Basara) - sesame (cv. Swetatil) cropping system have shown that application of castor cake has maintained a soil organic carbon content indicating that the castor cake may be utilised as an organic nutrient source for sesame crop under vertisols of Hyderabad, Telangana.
A comparative study of various detection methods to assess seed borne mycoflora in different linseed genotypes
Authors: POONAM SINGH PARTE  , ASHULATA KAUSHAL  , TARUN PRADHAN  , SATISH KAUSHAL
Published: February 2024

A total of 11 associated mycoflora were detected by various incubation methods i.e., Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus,Fusarium spp., Alternaria spp., Colletotrichum spp. Rhizopus spp., Penicillium spp., Trichoderma spp., Cladosporium spp., and Curvularia spp. Agar plate method gave the highest frequency of associated mycoflora. Linseed genotype SLS -93 showed highest frequency of associated mycoflora with minimum germination percentage.
Status of population genetic structure and distribution of Bemisia tabaci genetic groups in vegetable crops and others in India
Authors: J SRIDHAR  , RK MURALI BASKARAN  , PN SIVALINGAM
Published: February 2024

Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci is one of the polyphagous pests infesting wide variety of crop plants and is vectors of plant viruses belonging to begomivruses whose transmission efficiencies have been reported to be varying. Therefore, we have conducted a series of extensive surveys during 2019-21 to monitor and collect B. tabaci populations across the country and studied the distribution of its genetic groups. Further, PCR amplification, purification, cycle sequencing and partial CO-I gene sequencing has been done to understand population genetic structure and the distribution of genetic groups B. tabaci in India. Data analysis revealed a total of 11 genetic groups of which Asia II-3, Asia II-6 & Asia III were new to India reported for the first time from Chhattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra for the first time in India. These studies will help farmers and other stakeholders to effectively manage whitefly and whitefly borne begomoviruses for increased vegetables and in turn vegetable oil production.
Deciphering the SNP variations linked to female sterility in Dura fruit form of oil palm
Authors: B KALYANA BABU  , P ANITHA  , R K MATHUR  , G RAVICHANDRAN  , H P BHAGYA
Published: February 2024

Among the vegetable oils, palm oil which is obtained from African oil palm (Elaeisguineensis Jacq.) contributes a major share at the global oil trading centres. Taxonomically, oil palm belongs to the family Aricaceae (formerly known as Palmaceae), sub-family Arecoideae and the genus Elaeis. One breeding cycle of oil palm takes 15-18 years with lot of techniques involved in achieving good yield and oil quality of oil palm in a sustainable manner. Oil palm is a highly heterozygous and heterogeneous crop with high diversity in the germplasm (Babu et al. 2020). Oil palm can be divided into mainly three forms based on the shell thickness of the fruits i.e., dura, pisifera, and tenera, whereas another type of fruit form called macrocarya also exists but not common. Based on fruit color, oil palm is classified into two types i.e., Virescence and Nigrescence type. Nigrescence is the commonly found fruitcolor among the commercially grown oil palm farms. In terms of quality, palm oil has approximately equal distribution of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Most of the oil palm breeding programmes in generating high yielding varieties were restricted to dura variety which is having thick shelled fruit form till the 1950s. Later, research efforts at some countries like Africa, Malaysia and Indonesia resulted in generation of various breeding populations originated from the four Bogorpalms and their progenies.
Adaptation and tolerance mechanism of sesame to drought stress
Authors: P RATNAKUMAR  , BRIJ B PANDEY  , GOPIAK K  , SRAVANTHI A  , SONIA E  , GS LAKSHMI  , K KUSUMA  , MANIKANTA Ch L N  , LORA P ANUSHA  , K RAMESH  , KT RAMYA  , Y PRADUMAN  , SOWMYA REDDY N  , HH KUMARASWAMY  , D PADMAJA  , J JAWAHAR LAL  , AL RATHNAKUMAR
Published: February 2024

Drought, seasonal temperature variations affects yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Under rainfed conditions. Sesame germplasm were assessed for drought tolerance across season in field conditions. Seed yield was significantly and positively associated with functional root traits, leaf potassium, leaf tissue moisture and CT across seasons. The identified trait, and specific germplasm will be used further in crop improvement programme.
Estimation of ricin in castor varieties and hybrids by Lowry method
Authors: P ARUTCHENTHIL  , S R VENKATACHALAM  , S MANICKAM  , V RAVICHANDAN  , P A SARAVANAN  , P VEERAMANI
Published: February 2024

Development of castor cultivars with reduced levels of ricin would improve the economics of castor oil production, reduce the potential for accidental poisoning and eliminate the potential of ricin. The presence of ricin in the high protein meal of castor remaining after oil extraction has historically reduced its value as an animal feed.Castor meal when applied as an amendment to greenhouse potting media suppress root-knot nematode. Ricin has historically been degraded by exposure to high temperature for two or more hours.
Determination of optimal lethal dose for ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) induced mutagenesis in castor (Ricinus communis L)
Authors: P VAMSHI  , P LAKSHMAMMA  , K SADAIAH  , P AKHILA  , T MANJUNATHA  , C LAVANYA
Published: February 2024

Castor, an indeterminate and perennial non-edible oilseed crop is unsuitable for mechanization over a large scale. Chemical mutagenesis using ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) is resorted to exploit point mutations and induce monospike or synchronous maturity. In the present study, EMS mutagenesis dosage was standardized using combinations of concentration (0.5 %, 1 % and 1.5%) and duration (4, 8, 12 hours) of EMS treatment along with duration of pre-soaking with water (12 and 24 hours). Data on speed and percent germination of the seed along with root and shoot length at 7 days and 14 days after treatment indicated that 12 hours presoaking followed by 8 hours or 12 hours of treatment with 1.0% EMS treatment is the optimum lethal dose for EMS mutagenesis.
Improving phosphorus use efficiency in groundnut with microbial cultures
Authors: S THIRUVARASSAN
Published: February 2024

Field experiments were carried out during 2018 to 2021 at Oilseeds Research Station, Tindivanam, to study the improved phosphorus use efficiency in groundnut with microbial culture. The results revealed that higher mean pod yield (2581 kg/ha) was recorded in the treatment that involved application of 40 kg/ha of P + DGRC culture which was on par with the treatment T4, that involved application of 60 kg/ha of Phosphorus. Control recorded the lowest yield.
Liquid formulation of Ampelomyces quisqualis AQ003 suppresses powdery mildew of sunflower incited by Golovinomyces cichoracearum
Authors: S HARISH  , L RAJENDRAN  , M SENTHIVELU  , R SASIKALA  , T KALAIMAGAL
Published: February 2024

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is an important oilseed crop grown in India cultivated mainly for its edible oil which is used for culinary purposes. The productivity of sunflower is declined due to biotic stresses, among which powdery mildew caused by Golovinomyces cichoracearum cause huge loss to the farming community. In the present study, an attempt was made to exploit Ampelomyces quisqualis, a pycnidial hyperparasitic fungus for the management of powdery mildew in sunflower. The results revealed that, application of liquid formulation of Ampelomyces quisqualis (0.3 %) was effective in reducing the incidence of powdery mildew of sunflower (9.73 PDI) when compared to control (58.53 PDI) besides increasing the yield. The hyperparasite reduces the incidence of powdery mildew by disrupting the conidiophore and in-turn the mycelial growth. Thus it is concluded that, Ampelomyces quisqualis can be effectively used for the management of powdery mildew of sunflower.
MAUS 725: A early maturity, high seed yielding and biotic stress tolerant variety release for the Marathwada region of Maharashtra
Authors: S P MEHTRE  , K S BAIG  , R S JADHAV  , V R GHUGE  , D P WASKAR
Published: February 2024

Soybean variety MAUS 725 developed by cross between widely adopted soybean varieties viz., JS 93-05 and MAUS 71. The soybean variety MAUS 725 recorded average seed yield 2207 kg/ha in state multilocation trial of Maharashtra during 2017-18 to 2020-21 (36 trials) and showed superiority of 7.65%, 10.57 % and 11.11% over national checks JS 335, JS 93-05 and JS 97-52, and 5.49 % over local check MAUS 71, respectively. In regional multilocation trial (Marathwada) conducted during 2017-18 to 2020-21 (14 trials), it recorded average seed yield 2398 kg/ha and showed the superiority of 25.54 %, 25.15 % and 33.66 % over national checks JS 335, JS 93-05 and JS 97-52 and 15.06 % over local check MAUS 71, respectively. In AICRP trial conducted during 2017-18 across seven locations in southern zone it recorded average seed yield 2161 kg/ha and showed superiority 10.48 % over national check JS 93-05. Soybean variety MAUS 725 recorded early maturity (93-98 days) and showed the numerical higher test weight as compared to national and local checks. In adoptive trials of farmers field MAUS 725 has recorded average seed yield of 2106 kg/ha and 2253 kg/ha during kharif 2020 & 2021 and showed superiority of 13.65, 17.85 and 12.70, 17.34per cent over local check MAUS 71 and national check JS 335, respectively. The soybean variety MAUS 725 showed moderate to highly resistant against stem tunnelling due to stem fly, moderate resistant against girdle beetle, moderate resistant to resistant against defoliators, moderate to highly resistant against aphids and white fly across zone in AICRP IVT trial conducted during 2017-18. Newly developed variety MAUS725 was observed to be Moderately resistant/Resistant/Highly resistant/Absolute resistant to several diseases like Bacterial pustule, Pod blight, Soybean yellow mosaic virus, Brown spot, Bacterial blight, Soybean crinkle virus, Indian bud blight, Soybean mosaic virus, Alternaria leaf spot, Charcoal rot and Purple seed stain in AICRP CIVT infection index of various diseases conducted during kharif 2017-18 across all zones of India.
A Novel biopolymer-based T. harzianum, (Th4d) - a viable alternative to chemical seed treatment for management of collar rot of groundnut
Authors: S LAKSHMI PRASANNA  , R D PRASAD  , KSVP CHANDRIKA
Published: February 2024

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an economically important edible oil seed crop of the world. Collar rot caused by Aspergillus niger is one of the most serious, destructive diseases in groundnut. A field experiment on the effect of seed treatment with biopolymer-based T. harzianum, Th4d blend in groundnut on disease incidence and seed yield of groundnut was taken up at IIOR, Hyderabad during 2020 and 2021. Chitosan-based T. harzianum, Th4d blend recorded pooled mean of significantly high germination percent (90.0%), pod yield (3047 kg/ha) and reduced collar rot incidence (67.7%) whereas chemical seed treatment with carboxin + thiram recorded germination of 78%, 45.1% reduction in disease and 2064 kg/ha pod yield.
Drip irrigation and Fertigation improves yield and water productivity of summer sesame
Authors: K AVIL KUMAR  , T L NEELIMA  , V RAMULU
Published: February 2024

A field experiment was conducted during summer on sesame (var. Swetha) at College Farm, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad with two irrigation levels (0.8 and 1.0 Epan), two fertigaiton levels of 75% and 100% recommended dose Nitrogen and Potassium (RD of N & K) and two dosage schedules (Equal and differential) in Randomized Block Design. The results revealed that the 100% RD of N & K in differential dosages recorded higher yield (1011 kg /ha) at 1.0 Epan and highest water productivity (2.4 kg mm-1) was observed in irrigation at 0.8 Epan with fertigation of 100% RD N&K in differential dosages.
Demonstration on fertigation schedule of oil palm for improved productivity and reduced cost of cultivation in Khammam district of Telangana
Authors: V CHAITANYA  , J HEMANTHA KUMAR  , W JESSIE SUNEETHA  , K RAVI KUMAR  , PSM PHANISRI  , D NAGARAJU  , R UMA REDDY
Published: February 2024

The FLD on performance of fertigation schedule in oil palm conducted during the year 2021-22 in Khammam district, on 10 years old plants of selected farmer fields. The result of study revealed that average yield of 26.2 t/ha was recorded in demonstrated plot (T2) over farmers practice (T1)(23 t/ha) i.e 13.91 percent yield increased. Average fresh fruit bunch weight, number of bunches/plant and yield/plant in treatment was 21.64 kg, 10.80 and 234.34 kg and whereas in control it was 20.34 kg, 10.00 and 203.90 kg respectively with high B:C ratio in the treatment.
Evaluation of DNA extraction methods for molecular traceability in cold pressed, solvent extracted and refined groundnut oils
Authors: KEOTSHEPILE PRECIOUS BOJANG  , APARNA KUNA  , SREERANGAM NCVL PUSHPAVALLI  , SUPTA SARKAR  , M SREEDHAR
Published: February 2024

Groundnut oil (GNO)/ peanut oil is one of the agro-food products with great economic value and hence an attractive target for adulteration and mislabeling. Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) are markers of choice for DNA fingerprinting studies as they exhibit high polymorphism due to variable number of repeats. Hence, this study was designed to evaluate and optimized a method for DNA isolation from groundnut oil and study the possibility of using the isolated DNA for molecular traceability using SSR markers. Four methods to isolate DNA from groundnut oil were evaluated. All the four methods were modified CTAB protocols, but differed in procedures forextraction, buffer compositions, amount of oil used and DNA carriers. For molecular traceability of oils, extraction and recovery of DNA from edible oil is a key step, especially in refined oils. A method that employed DNA enrichment prior to extraction with CTAB buffer yielded amplifiable DNA from cold pressed GNO, crude hexaneextracted GNO and refined GNO. The optimized method for isolation of DNA from groundnut oil is simple, efficient, less costly and reproducible when compared to chromatography and spectroscopy based techniques.
Effect of in-situ moisture conservation practices on yield and economics of sunflower and pigeonpea intercropping in Vertisols of Northern Karnataka
Authors: AMRULLAH RAHIL  , M R UMESH  , VIKAS KULKARNI  , N ANANDA  , B M CHITTAPUR  , ARUNKUMAR HOSAMANI
Published: February 2024

Field experiments were conducted during Kharif 2020 and 2021 to study the effect of in-situ moisture conservation practices on yield and economics of sunflower and pigeonpea intercropping in Vertisols of Northern Karnataka. Treatments consisted of broad bed and furrow, ridges and furrow, tied ridging, conservation tillage, flatbed and opening furrow after every three rows at 30 DAS compared with flatbed sowing as main plots. Treatments in sub plots were sunflower + pigeonpea (1:1), sole pigeonpea and sunflower. Results showed that significantly higher yield and yield attributes of sunflower and pigeonpea were recorded in ridges and furrows followed by tied ridges and furrow. Yield of both the crops were significantly more in respective sole crops over theintercropping. Higher SEY, LER, net return and BC ratio were noticed in ridges and furrow under intercropping.
Niger germplasm evaluation for major morphological and agronomical traits
Authors: H D PUSHPA  , M SUJATHA  , D P MEGHANA  , HELAN BABY THOMAS  , PRADUMAN YADAV  , CH KRISHNA CHAITANYA  , H BASAMMA  , PRASHANT K JAGTAP  , RAJANI BISEN  , S RAJKUMAR
Published: February 2024

A panel of niger (Guizotia abyssinica (L.f) Cass) accessions were augmented and evaluated to characterize for various morphological and agronomical traits. The analysis of variance has shown that there was a significant variation observed among the genotypes. Variability analysis revealed that the oil content had high GCV with high broad sense heritability. High PCV was observed among the other yield related traits which indicates that these traitsare highly influenced by the environmental factors.
Effect of foliar nutrition applied at different growth stages soybean [Glycine max]under rainfed condition
Authors: S P DESHMUKH  , R S RATHVA  , V SURVE  , S M BAMBHANEEYA  , P K JAGTAP  , P M MISTRY
Published: February 2024

A field experiment to study the effect of foliar nutrition applied at different growth stages of soybean [Glycine max] under rainfed condition was laid out in factorial randomized block design with three replications and total twelve treatments. The result revealed that apparent values of growth and yield parameters were influenced significantly due to different foliar sprays. However, significantly higher number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, seed yield and stover yield were recorded with 1.5% 19:19:19 remained at par with 1.0% 19:19:19.
Bio - chemical and Bio - physical basis of resistance toleafhopper and thrips in castor
Authors: M SENTHIL KUMAR  , P DURAIMURUGAN  , S JAYA PRABHAVATHI  , V A SATHIYAMURTHY
Published: February 2024

Among the 8 genotypes screened, RG 1068, ICI-RG2661-7-5-1-7, ICI-RG2661-16-2-2 was found to be resistant to leafhopper with lowest leaf hopper population of 0.0 numbers/ 3 leaves/plant with hopper burn grade of 0. Among the accessions, thrips population was lowest in RG 22 (3.2 No/spike), RG 3198 (7.30 No. / spike). The remaining entries and the check entries recorded moderate thrips population which ranged from 12.30 to 24.60 numbers/spike
Effect on growth attributes, yield, and economics of mustard on different levels ofirrigation and microbes
Authors: DIKSHA TAJANE  , BEENA NAIR  , SANDEEP KAMADI  , SWAPNIL THAKARE  , SHARAD BHURE
Published: February 2024

The plant height, number of branches/plants, number of siliqua/plants, yield/plant, and test weight was greater in two irrigations along with seed treatment with MRD 17. A similar trend was noticed with respect to seedyield; however, it was on par with M2S2 (One Irrigation at 35 DAS along with MKS 6). seed yield/ha was observed highest in the treatment of two irrigation at 35 DAS and 65 DAS along with the microbial application of MRD 17 as a seed treatment during sowing.
Effect of paddy straw incorporation and nitrogen levels on oil yield, seed yield andB: C ratio of mustard (Brassica juncea L.)
Authors: V MOUNIKA  , K CHANDRASHAKER  , A KRISHNA CHAITANYA  , G SATYANARYANA REDDY
Published: February 2024

Incorporation of paddy straw along with of 20% excess nitrogen (T6) over recommended dose (60:40:40) to mustard significantly increased the seed and oil yield and higher B: C ratio compared to residue burning (T1) and residue removal (T2) treatments.
Identification of resistance germplasm in sesame against root and stem rot (Macrophomina phaseolina) of Sesame
Authors: K N GUPTA  , SHIVANI NAGPURE  , RAJNI BISEN
Published: February 2024

3700 accessions of sesame germplasm were sown during kharif 2021 with susceptible and resistant checks in augmented plot design in 3 meter length row in sick plot (artificial inoculum) condition. Out of these accessions, only 53 accessions were resistant against root and stem rot of sesame and disease incidence was less than 10%.
On farm validation of management of leaf curl disease of sunflower
Authors: K VENKATARAMANAMMA  , K PRABHAKAR  , S NEELIMA  , B V R PRAKASH REDDY  , N C VENKATESWARLU
Published: February 2024

Leaf curl is one of the important diseases causing huge yield losses in sunflower. One of the best treatments from the 3 year experimentation on management of leaf curl disease was validated in on farm validationexperiment along with farmers’ practice. It was concluded that the treatment i.e., seed treatment with imidacloprid 600FS @ 5ml/kg seed + foliar spray with diafenthiuron 50 WP @ 1.25 g/lit at 30 and 45 DAS (days after sowing)recorded less leaf curl incidence of 10.5% and less whitefly population of 1.75. Same treatment also recorded higher yield of 1798 kg/ha and B:C ratio of 2.4 when compared to control, which recorded more leaf curl incidence of 28.5and less yield of 1500 kg/ha. Hence, it was concluded that diafenthiuron is one of the best chemicals in management of leaf curl disease by acting on whiteflies.
Policy Initiatives for enhancing domestic availability of vegetable oils in India
Authors: S V RAMANA RAO
Published: February 2024

The backbone of several agricultural economies from classical times assume a prominent role by providing access to nutrition through protein and oil to humans and livestock beside usage in the industrial sector and also a life line for providing livelihood and employment to those involved in the processing sector. The country which evidenced self-sufficiency in oilseeds during early nineties and ultimately gained the status of the world's largest importer, with import of 14.28 million tonnes during 2021-22. e Compound Annual Growth Rates (was used to assess the performance of annual oilseeds during 2000-01 to 2020-21. It was evidenced that the CAGR was positive for all the components. The power of technology operational at the farm level, paved way for sustained production, which is due to the technology outputs from the NAREES/AICRP on oilseeds besides the driving forces initiated by the Government of India. For further reducing import dependency, policy instruments eviz. Seed production, technology assemblage, linkages and convergence, providing incentives, promoting PM-FME.
Economic benefit of complete mechanization of groundnut cultivation
Authors: K INDUDHAR REDDY  , AV RAMANJANEYULU  , M V NAGESH KUMAR  , A SRINIVAS
Published: February 2024

Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) is the one of the most important oilseed crops in Telangana usually grown during rabi season. The study of the area and productivity of groundnut in Telangana over the years indicated that despite the increase in the productivity of groundnut, the area under groundnut is considerably going down due to various production constraints particularly mechanization. In an attempt to understand the effect of mechanization this study was taken up during rabi, 2015. The results of revealed that mechanization has reduced the cost of cultivation of groundnut/acre by Rs. 4100/-/acre (20.6%) as compared with the farmer’s method of cultivation. Thus 20.6 % decrease in the cost of cultivation will proportionately increase the net profits and the Benefit cost ratio of groundnut cultivation.
Is increasing MSP result in increasing area under annual edible oilseed crops?
Authors: N R SHARMA  , G D S KUMAR
Published: February 2024

Oilseed crops are the second most important determinant of the agricultural economy, next only to cereals within the segment of field crops. The present study assessed the trend and relationship between MSP, CoC, area and productivity of oilseed crops. The data collected from secondary sources such as from DA&FW, CACP and frontline demonstration reports were used for analysis. The increase in Minimum Support Price (MSP) during 2017 to 2021 ranged from 73.3% in rapeseed -mustard to 29.5% in niger crop. The Cost of cultivation (CoC) has increased steadily for all the oilseed crops. The area under different oilseed crop increased except for sunflower (-6.0%), safflower (-21.9%) and niger (-50.8). The productivity for all the oilseed crops showed increasing trend.
MOTIVAÇÃO NAS AULAS DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA: perspecitivas dos alunos e professores do Ensino Fundamental II no Centro de Ensino en Período Integral Aplicação de Iporá-GO/2022
Authors: ALVES E SILVA NASCIMENTO ELIANE
Published: February 2024

A Educação Física (EF) é uma disciplina curricular obrigatória no sistema educacional, sendo uma das aulas mais almejadas e prazerosas, na perspectiva dos alunos. No entanto, ao longo dos anos, percebe-se a perda de interesse dos alunos em praticar as aulas com a mesma veemência dos anos iniciais, principalmente, a partir do 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental, quando os alunos se entretêm com outras atividades, fora da prática de exercício físico/esporte. Nesse contexto, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar as representações sociais de diferentes atores escolares (alunos, professores e gestora), para captar definições, origens de compreensão, fatores que as legitimam, verificando relações com o currículo da EF. A metodologia de pesquisa adotada foi de um estudo qualitativo descritivo. Foi aplicado, como instrumento para coleta de dados, questionário aos grupos focais. Os resultados mostraram que os alunos precisam compreender a importância da disciplina EF para sua vida, para que as atividades sejam praticadas não somente pela obrigatoriedade. Concluiu-se que novos rumos pedagógicos precisam ser tomados pelos professores de EF, para que alcancem uma prática com maior adesão e participação.
20th Annual Rocky Mountain Conference on Analytical Chemistry
Authors:   Rocky Mountain Conference
Published: February 2024

Abstracts and program from the 20th annual meeting of the Rocky Mountain Conference on Analytical Chemistry, co-sponsored by the Rocky Mountain Section of the Society for Applied Spectroscopy and the Rocky Mountain Chromatography Discussion Group. Held in Denver, Colorado, August 7-9, 1978.
Formulation and evaluation of oral medicated jelly of meclizine HCl
Authors: Lal Verma Abhay Murari , Negi Poonam
Published: February 2024

The present study is conducted with the aim of formulating and evaluating an oral medicated jelly of meclizine hydrochloride for the treatment of motion sickness, nausea, and vomiting. Jellies are thick viscous fluid to semisolid in nature. The jellies form can be swallowed easily without water and they are soft and smooth. Medicated jellies of meclizine hydrochloride were formulated using polymers such as gelatin, pectin, and sodium alginate. The prepared medicated jellies were evaluated for their physico-chemical properties such as appearance, stickiness, pH, viscosity, drug release, and drug content.
Developing non-viral or viral vectors for efficient and targeted delivery of genetic material, such as DNA or RNA, for gene therapy applications
Authors: Verma Abhishek , Awasthi Ankit
Published: February 2024

Gene therapy has emerged as a promising approach for treating a wide range of genetic and acquired diseases by introducing or modifying genetic material within cells. To achieve successful gene therapy, efficient and precise delivery of genetic material, such as DNA or RNA, to target cells is essential. This abstract explores the development of both non-viral and viral vectors for the delivery of genetic material in gene therapy applications. Non-viral vectors, including lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), polymer-based carriers, and cell-penetrating peptides, have gained significant attention due to their safety profile and ease of production. These vectors are designed to protect genetic material from degradation, facilitate cellular uptake, and release the cargo at the desired location. Recent advancements in nanotechnology have enabled the design of customizable non-viral vectors with enhanced delivery efficiency and reduced offtarget effects. Viral vectors, on the other hand, harness the natural infectivity of viruses to transport genetic material into target cells. Retroviruses, lentiviruses, adenoviruses, and adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are commonly used viral vectors in gene therapy. Viral vectors offer high transduction efficiency but may trigger immune responses or pose risks of insertional mutagenesis. Efforts in vector engineering have led to the development of safer viral vectors with improved targeting capabilities and reduced immunogenicity. AAVs, in particular, have gained prominence due to their ability to achieve long-lasting gene expression with minimal adverse effects. Targeted delivery strategies aim to enhance vector specificity, ensuring that genetic material reaches the intended cell type or tissue. These strategies include modifying vector surface proteins, employing tissue-specific promoters, or utilizing ligand-receptor interactions. In conclusion, the successful application of gene therapy relies on the development of efficient and targeted delivery systems for genetic material. Non-viral and viral vectors offer distinct advantages and continue to evolve to meet the demands of gene therapy applications. Advances in vector design, safety, and targeting strategies hold promise for the continued progress of gene therapy as a transformative medical intervention.
Modern advances in epilepsy imaging used on the basis of cost: A review
Authors: Kumar Hardik , Kamaljeet  , Debnath Shilpa , Sharma Amit
Published: February 2024

Epilepsy is a chronic neurologic condition that affects social behavior, health, the economy, and social functioning. Worldwide, an estimated 5 million people are diagnosed with epilepsy each year. More than 50 million people are reportedly affected globally. 49% of epilepsy patients live in low-to middle-income countries; in exceptional situations, this number may reach 139/100,000 people. This review provides imaging therapy used for the diagnoses which are compared according to the cost of individual imaging techniques reliable or affordable for the patient. The main tools used to evaluate patients with epilepsy are electroencephalography (EEG), and the functional imaging modalities for epilepsy are positional emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography (CT), tissue ablation using high-intensity focused ultrasound, deep non-invasive neuromodulation, and blood–brain barrier opening using superficial targets, focused ultrasound, magnetoencephalography (MEG), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In the differential diagnosis imaging findings, the treatment of epilepsy is significantly better. By comparing the one-time cost of all imaging techniques, the three techniques mostly used are CT, MRI, and EEG. Patients may easily access and afford these imagining techniques because they are readily available at low cost which lies between 1000 and 10,000 rupees.
Lacustrine rhythmites from the Mulhouse Basin (Upper Rhine Graben, France): a sedimentary record of increased seasonal climatic contrast and sensitivity of the climate to orbital variations through the Eocene-Oligocene Transition
Authors: Simon Emile , Gindre-Chanu Laurent , Blanchet Cécile , Dupont-Nivet Guillaume , Martinez Mathieu , Guillocheau François , Ulrich Marc , Nutz Alexis , Vogel Hendrik , Schuster Mathieu
Published: February 2024

The Eocene-Oligocene Transition (EOT) marks the passage from Eocene greenhouse to Oligocene icehouse conditions. It holds keys to our understanding of the behavior of climate systems under major pCO2 shifts. While the environmental impact of the EOT is rather homogenous in oceans, it is much more heterogeneous on continents. Although little to no changes are recorded in some regions, several EOT studies in western Eurasia suggest an increase in seasonal climatic contrast (e.g., higher amplitude of changes in mean temperature or precipitation), along with a higher sensitivity of the climate to orbital variations. However, these variations remain to be properly documented through changes in sedimentary facies and structures and forcing mechanisms. Here we investigate the depocenter of the Mulhouse Basin (Upper Rhine Graben; URG) revealing a prominent transition from massive mudstones to laminated sediments and varves, alongside the emergence of astronomically-forced mudstone-evaporite alternations. These changes are identified in the distal and proximal parts of the southern URG, where they consist of millimeter-thick mudstone-evaporite couplets and siliciclastic-carbonate couplets. The elemental composition and micro-facies analysis of the laminae show a recurrent depositional pattern consistent with a seasonal depositional process, which suggests that they are varves. We propose that the occurrence of varved sediments, together with the observed orbital cyclicity in the southern URG, reflects an increase in seasonal climatic contrast, and an increase in the sensitivity of climate to orbital variations across the EOT. We show that similar changes were noticed in the Rennes and Bourg-en-Bresse basins, and that of other western Eurasian records for similar climatic conditions. This work emphasizes the potential of high-resolution sedimentary structures to serve as markers of climate change across the EOT.
O Acompanhamento Terapêutico (AT) no Hospital Geral
Authors: Zanetti Clovis Eduardo
Published: February 2024

O objetivo do presente artigo é apresentar a construção prática e os fundamentos conceituais que sustentam a conexão entre música e psicologia como um novo domínio terapêutico aplicado à saúde numa perspectiva hospitalar. Articula a clínica do acompanhamento terapêutico e a ética da psicanálise na abordagem das urgências subjetivas e dos processos de criação.