bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bio-Based Solid Electrolytes Bearing Multi-Functional Cyclic Carbonates for Solid-State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Raj Ashish , Panchireddy Satyannarayana , Grignard Bruno , Detrembleur Christophe , Gohy Jean-François
Published: November 2021

The solid-state battery has drawn a huge interest with its motive to overcome the issues and challenges faced by batteries using conventional liquid electrolytes. The novel idea of using green approaches or bio-based sources for lithium batteries excites many researchers due to their eco-friendly, less carbon footprint in its synthesis and recycling at the end. In this work, we report a full bio-based solid-state electrolyte based on functionalised carbonated soybean oil (CSBO) obtained from the naturally occurring epoxidised soybean oil (ESBO) using CO2 and biomass. CSBO shows remarkable adhesive properties as characterized by rheological measurements owing to its bigger chains bearing multifunctional cyclic carbonates. LiTFSI salt reinforced CSBO was characterized following standard electrochemical measurements exhibiting ionic conductivity to ≈ 10–3 S cm–1 at 100 ºC and 10–5 S cm–1 at room temperature. The electrochemical window for this electrolyte was obtained to be 4.8 V (vs. Li/Li+) and transference number up to 0.31, allowing it to be explored for high voltage cathodes. CBSO shows stable stripping and plating behaviour for longer cycles making it a good candidate for higher columbic efficiency electrolyte batteries. We also demonstrated the galvanostatic charge-discharge of LiFePO4 (Lithium Ferrrophosphate, LFP) with CSBO electrolytes delivering the gravimetric capacity of 110 mAhg-1 and 150 mAhg-1 appx. at ambient room and higher temperature respectively. Therefore, our study provides a promising direction of developing bio-based solid electrolytes to facilitate progress in sustainability, cost-effective and safe manner to create a solid-state lithium-ion battery for global utilization.

Figure 1
PKM2 Is a Potential Diagnostic and Therapeutic Target for Retinitis Pigmentosa
Authors: Zhu Peiwen , Yang Qian , Li Gang , Chang Qing
Published: November 2021

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a major cause of blindness that is difficult to diagnose and treat. PKM2, a subtype of pyruvate kinase, is strongly associated with oxidative stress and is expressed in photoreceptors. We investigated whether PKM2 reduces photoreceptor cell apoptosis and evaluated possible antiapoptotic mechanisms in RP. We established RP models by exposing 661W cells to blue light and modulated PKM2 activity using a PKM2 inhibitor. We measured the apoptosis rates using calcein-acetoxymethyl ester/propidium iodide double staining and Cell Counting Kit-8, the oxidative stress levels using a reactive oxygen species assay, and the changes in protein expression by western blotting. Photodamage increased PKM2 expression, cellular oxidative stress, and apoptosis of 661W cells. PKM2 inhibition significantly reduced the levels of apoptosis and oxidative stress induced by photodamage. Our data suggest that PKM2 is a potential disease marker and therapeutic target for RP.
The Correlation between Impacted Third Molar and Blood Group
Authors: Ahmadi Hanie , Ebrahimi Alireza , Ghorbani Farhad
Published: November 2021

Background. Blood type is among the most important genetical characteristics of any individual and is shown to be correlated with the development of a variety of illnesses including dental diseases. Finding the association of ABO and Rh blood groups and impacted tooth is important in order to predict which population is more vulnerable to grow impacted third molars that could lead to making better intervention. The present investigation tried to take a small step in that regard, by evaluating the correlation between ABO and Rh blood groups and the most commonly impacted tooth, bony impacted third molars among Iranian individuals. Methods. The investigation was done retrospectively on patients who were referred to the Department of Oral Radiology, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran. The patients were classified according to their blood groups, and 40 patients were randomly selected for each blood type. Therefore, the impaction of their third molars was evaluated, and statistical analyses were done in order to find any association. Results. A total of 320 participants contributed to the study; 136 (42%) were males and 184 (57%) were females. The mean age was 29 ± 6 years. Among all participants, 205 (64%) had no impacted third molar, 26 (8%) had one impacted third molar, 43 (13%) had 2 impacted third molars, 5 (1%) had 3 impacted third molars, and 41 (12%) had 4 impacted molars. Conclusion. According to the results of the present study, nearly one out of three individuals has at least an impacted third molar in the Iranian population, being more prevalent in individuals between 20 and 30 years old. The evaluation of the relationship between the blood group and impacted third molar revealed that blood groups have no association with the impacted third molars. However, more studies with higher and diversified participants should be done to find comprehensive results.
Topological Indices of Pent-Heptagonal Nanosheets via M-Polynomials
Authors: Mumtaz Hafiza Bushra , Javaid Muhammad , Awais Hafiz Muhammad , Bonyah Ebenezer
Published: November 2021

The combination of mathematical sciences, physical chemistry, and information sciences leads to a modern field known as cheminformatics. It shows a mathematical relationship between a property and structural attributes of different types of chemicals called quantitative-structures’ activity and qualitative-structures’ property relationships that are utilized to forecast the chemical sciences and biological properties, in the field of engineering and technology. Graph theory has originated a significant usage in the field of physical chemistry and mathematics that is famous as chemical graph theory. The computing of topological indices (TIs) is a new topic of chemical graphs that associates many physiochemical characteristics of the fundamental organic compounds. In this paper, we used the M-polynomial-based TIs such as 1st Zagreb, 2nd Zagreb, modified 2nd Zagreb, symmetric division deg, general Randi

c
´

, inverse sum, harmonic, and augmented indices to study the chemical structures of pent-heptagonal nanosheets of

V

C

5

C

7

and

H

C

5

C

7

. An estimation among the computed TIs with the help of numerical results is also presented.
A Joint Optimization Model considering the Product User's Risk Preference for Supply System Disruption
Authors: Song Yang , Liu Yan-Qiu , Sun Qi , Chen Ming-Fei , Xu Hai-Tao
Published: November 2021

Logistics distribution is the terminal link that connects the manufacturer and product user and determines the efficiency of the manufacturer’s service. Therefore, the disruption risk of the joint system is an essential factor affecting the product user experience. In this paper, while considering the product user’s supply disruption risk preference (PUSDRP), a biobjective integer nonlinear programming (INLP) model with subjective cost-utility is proposed to solve the manufacturer’s combined location routing inventory problem (CLRIP). According to the user’s time satisfaction requirement, a routing change selection framework (RCSF) is designed based on the bounded rational behavior of the user. Additionally, the Lagrange Relaxation and Modified Genetic Algorithm (LR-MGA) is proposed. The LR method relaxes the model, and the MGA finds a compromise solution. The experimental results show that the biobjective cost-utility model proposed in this paper is effective and efficient. The RCSF based on user behavior is superior to the traditional expected utility theory model. The compromise solution provides a better solution for the manufacturer order allocation delivery combinatorial optimization problem. The compromise solution not only reduces the manufacturer’s total operating cost but also improves the user's subjective utility. To improve the stability of cooperation between manufacturers and users, the behavior decision-making method urges manufacturers to consider product users’ supply disruption risk preferences (PUSDRPs) in attempting to optimize economic benefits for the long term. This paper uses behavior decision-making methods to expand the ideas of the CLRIP joint system.
Characteristic Analysis of Multisource Heterogeneous Data in Digital City Planning Based on Internet of Things
Authors: Xiao Xiao
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this article is to use the Internet of Things related technology to analyze the characteristics of multisource and easy-to-purchase data for the different types of planning data and different levels of cognitive needs of participants in the entire urban planning process. This paper uses the ontology idea to reconstruct the relationship between multisource and heterogeneous planning data including Internet of Things data, planning documents, and planning drawings, to design the data semantic relationship of the ontology model elements, define the relationship between the data types, and implement the ontology-based method. The semantic expression algorithm in the planning field facilitates the exchange of various planning participants’ understanding of the planning scheme, at the same time, according to the classification of multisource heterogeneous data features, logical reasoning of ontology relationships, filtering redundant information, and multisource heterogeneous planning data visualization. Finally, the information of the same nature collected by the sensor nodes of the Internet of Things is batched, and the calculated fusion information is closer to the true value through a series of weighting formulas. Experiments prove that the feature analysis method proposed in this paper can maintain a loss of 0.02% and achieve an accuracy rate of 79.1% when the overall characteristics of digital city planning are reduced by 67%, which effectively proves the multisource heterogeneous data feature analysis for digital city planning importance.
Knaster-Kuratowski-Mazurkiewicz Theorem in Generalized Metric Spaces with Applications
Authors: Mehmood Nayyar , Khan Israr Ali , Latif Haris , Ahmad Niaz
Published: November 2021

We study Knaster-Kuratowski-Mazurkiewicz theorem in the setting of generalized metric spaces. We establish some results on fixed points of Knaster-Kuratowski-Mazurkiewicz (KKM) mappings. Fan’s matching and Schauder’s type fixed point theorem in generalized metric spaces are also proved as interesting consequences of our main results. Examples are given to validate our results. We use these results to prove existence result for a given Atangana-Baleanu-Caputo fractional boundary value problem.
Primary Signet Ring Cell/Histiocytoid Carcinoma of the Eyelid: Clinicopathologic Analysis with Evaluation of the E-Cadherin/β-Catenin Complex and Associated Genetic Alterations
Authors: Del Valle Estopinal Maria , Middleton Lavinia P. , Esmaeli Bita , Patel Keyur P. , Nowroozizadeh Sara , Williams Michelle D.
Published: November 2021

Signet Ring Cell (SRC)/Histiocytoid carcinoma of the eyelid is a rare neoplasm that shares histological and immunohistochemical similarities with diffuse gastric cancer and breast lobular carcinoma. The CDH1 gene, which encodes the E-cadherin protein, is the best known gene associated with these tumors. The structural and functional integrity of E-cadherin is regulated by interconnecting molecular pathways which might participate in the development of this disease. Hence, we analyzed the protein expression in key genes in E-cadherin-related pathways associated with primary SRC/Histiocytoid carcinoma of the eyelid. SRC/Histiocytoid carcinoma diagnosed in the eyelid/orbit at MD Anderson Cancer Center from 1990 to 2016 were evaluated. Clinicopathologic findings were studied to confirm the primary site of origin. Immunohistochemical studies for the expression of E-cadherin, β-catenin, c-Myc, Cyclin D1, Src, and p53 were analyzed. Next generation sequencing for the detection of somatic mutations was performed on each tumor with matched normal tissue, examining 50 cancer-related genes. Four primary SRC/Histiocytoid carcinomas of the eyelid were diagnosed in four male patients aged 40-82 years. Immunohistochemically, two tumors with loss of E-cadherin expression had weak β-catenin and low cytoplasmic staining for Src while the other two cases with intact E-cadherin showed strong β-catenin expression and high cytoplasmic expression for Src. Cyclin D1 was focally positive in three cases. Somatic mutations in CDH1, PIK3CA, and TP53 genes were detected in two cases. Our results suggest an abnormality in the convergence of E-cadherin/β-catenin pathways which may promote tumorigenesis by inducing expression of oncogenes such as Cyclin D1 and C-Myc. Mutations in CDH1, PIK3CA, and TP53 genes could induce E-cadherin dysfunction which takes part in the development and progression of this malignancy.
A Novel Capsule Lumbar Interbody Fusion (CLIF) in Treating Foot Drop due to Lumbar Degenerative Diseases: a Prospective, Observational Study
Authors: Sun Kaiqiang , Lin Feng , Jiang Jialin , Sun Jingchuan , Shi Jiangang
Published: November 2021

Objective. This present study aimed to explore the clinical effects of a novel capsule lumbar interbody fusion (CLIF) on foot drop due to lumbar degenerative diseases. Methods. Between June 2018 and January 2019, a total of 27 patients admitted to our department with lumbar degenerative diseases with associated foot drop were prospectively enrolled. Given the selection of surgical technique, patients were divided into traditional TLIF group and CLIF group. We assessed patients’ neurological status using JOA and VAS score, tibialis anterior muscle strength using MMT score, diameter and hemodynamic parameters of the L5 nerve root using intraoperative ultrasonography (IoUS), and related radiological parameters of the lumbar spine. Operation time, blood loss, and surgery-associated complications were also recorded. Results. The median duration of follow-up was 150 (6–1460) months. At the final follow-up, all patients acquired satisfactory improvement of neurological function. However, patients in the CLIF group showed better early recovery of foot drop three months after operation than those in the TLIF group, with 75% excellent rate. In addition, IoUS suggested that the diameter and hemodynamic parameters of the L5 nerve root were improved better in the CLIF group, which may suggest the correlation between the recovery of foot drop and the status of L5 nerve root. No severe complications were encountered with CLIF. Conclusions. Our preliminary study revealed that the axial tension of L5 nerve root may be involved in the pathological mechanism of foot drop. The novel technique of CLIF can shorten the lumbar spine and can be effective and safe for the treatment of foot drop due to lumbar degeneration-related diseases.
Recurrent Macroprolactinoma with Malignant Conversion to Carcinoma with Spinal Metastasis
Authors: Mori Madeline , Frugoli Amanda , Shah Udesh , Barrows Brad , Westhoff Tricia , Westra David
Published: November 2021

In contrast to pituitary adenomas, pituitary carcinomas represent a rare malignant neoplasm with a remarkable high mortality. Pituitary carcinomas can arise from any pituitary tumor cell line and are determined to be carcinomas when there is distant metastasis or central nervous system dissemination. In this case vignette, we describe a rare case of malignant prolactinoma with intraspinal metastasis, and we also provide a review of relevant literature and treatment.
Optimizing Regenerative Braking: A Variational Calculus Approach
Authors: English L. Q. , Mareno A. , Chen Xuan-Lin
Published: November 2021

We begin by analyzing, using basic physics considerations, under what conditions it becomes energetically favorable to use aggressive regenerative braking to reach a lower speed over “coasting” where one relies solely on air drag to slow down. We then proceed to reformulate the question as an optimization problem to find the velocity profile that maximizes battery charge. Making a simplifying assumption on battery-charging efficiency, we express the recovered energy as an integral quantity, and we solve the associated Euler–Lagrange equation to find the optimal braking curves that maximize this quantity in the framework of variational calculus. Using Lagrange multipliers, we also explore the effect of adding a fixed-displacement constraint.
Modeling and Analysis of the Kinetic Influence of Liquid Sloshing Characteristics on High-Clearance Sprayers
Authors: Wang Weijun , Feng Jing’an , Wan Wenkang , Zhang Peng , Yang Songlin
Published: November 2021

To research the influence of liquid sloshing on the driving stability of high-clearance sprayers, this paper builds an equivalent liquid sloshing mechanical model and obtains the stochastic acceleration excitation of the rectangular spray tank using the Adams kinetic model, thus obtaining the relationship between the impact force, moment, and the stochastic acceleration using Fluent numerical simulation analysis. This paper makes further calculations with MATLAB/Simulink system models, and the result from comparing these two calculations shows that the equivalent strategy proposed in this paper has a better consistency. Based on the consideration of the acting forces of the additional moment due to lateral movement of the center of mass of the liquid and the dynamic pressure due to liquid sloshing in the tank, this paper builds a mathematical model of the sprayer and researches the influence of the filling ratio and vehicle velocity on the vehicle stability through stochastic acceleration excitation. The results show that, in the case of different speeds, the liquid sloshing has a small influence on the overall roll angle; in the case of different filling ratios, the liquid sloshing has a big influence on the overall roll angle, the slip angle of the center of mass, and the yaw angular velocity; the filling ratio k = 0.85 and the speed u = 1 m/s−2 m/s are safe operation parameters of the sprayer. This research provides reference solutions for the stability control and optimization problems of the high-clearance sprayer and semitrailer.
Assimetria e saliência: a relação entre iniciador/a e imitadores/as na circulação de bens industrializados entre os Wajãpi no Amapá
Authors: Paula Camila Galan de
Published: November 2021

Este artigo busca nova análise para dados de campo e interpretações anteriores sobre a circulação de produtos industrializados entre os Wajãpi no Amapá. O foco recai sobre a relação de tipo de imitador(a)-seguidores(as): os interlocutores em campo explicavam que algumas coisas eram amplamente compradas e usadas porque alguém teria comprado primeiro, e os demais, imitado esse iniciador. Em trabalhos anteriores, compreendi que tal processo poderia ser analisado à luz de discussões que estabelecem dois modos de circulação de mercadorias entre povos da América do Sul indígena, um relativo à magnificação de pessoas, outro à consanguinização e ao estabelecimento de relações simétricas. Aqui, busco reexaminar os dados à luz de interpretações das socialidades ameríndias que não partam de noções de propriedade e controle. Sugiro que a assimetria implicada no ato de iniciar uma moda possa ser entendida como a ocupação provisória de uma posição de “saliência”.
Neoliberalização e dinâmicas previdenciárias recentes no Brasil e no Chile
Authors: Pernasetti Fernanda
Published: November 2021

O presente artigo enfoca o tema da previdência social e se propõe a analisar diacronicamente as principais mudanças regulatórias dos sistemas previdenciários de Brasil e Chile - casos paradigmáticos dos modelos de repartição solidária intergeracional e de capitalização plena, respectivamente. A partir do arcabouço teórico-metodológico que considera que o “neoliberalismo realmente existente” é um processo heterogêneo que deve ser analisado e comparado empiricamente, exploram-se as evidências de que o caso brasileiro tem se aproximado do modelo chileno, o qual, por sua vez, encontra-se frontalmente abalado e apontando no sentido da incorporação da perspectiva solidária que caracteriza o sistema brasileiro. Visando qualificar as interpretações sobre avanços e retrocessos da neoliberalização sobre o panorama da proteção social na América Latina, a análise busca incorporar também, ainda que de maneira exploratória, os efeitos da mais recente crise ocasionada pela pandemia por Covid 19, apontando de que forma esse contexto tem reforçado tais dinâmicas previdenciárias já em curso.
Aspectos da reconstituição da dialética em Ruy Fausto
Authors: Guerra Renata , Serrano Bruno
Published: November 2021

O artigo pretende examinar alguns aspectos do programa de reconstituição da dialética perseguido por Ruy Fausto em sua interpretação do pensamento de Marx. Para tanto, apresentamos brevemente, na primeira parte, elementos da formação desse programa na vertente frankfurtiana da assim chamada Neue Marx-Lektüre, iniciada em meados dos anos 1960, esforço ao qual Fausto associa seu projeto teórico. Na segunda parte, discutimos três características de sua reconstituição da dialética, a saber: o lugar da metafísica na teoria do capitalismo, a função da contradição e o processo de interversão da liberdade. No fim, sugerimos que, com tal conceito de interversão, o programa de Fausto pretendia se abrir ao campo do vivido, procurando assim religar lógica e prática política.
Outra política: socialismo, democracia e emancipação
Authors: Melo Rúrion
Published: November 2021

O presente artigo aborda as análises de Fausto sobre a esquerda revolucionária e o socialismo democrático com o intuito de mostrar que sua proposta de refundação do socialismo ainda permaneceria vinculada à alternativa “reforma ou revolução” e daria pouco espaço tanto para a atuação dos movimentos sociais quanto para um conceito mais radical de democracia. Em seguida, apoiando-me nas considerações de Jürgen Habermas, desenvolvo a tese de acordo com a qual a orientação emancipatória vinculada ao socialismo teria de ser reatualizada de modo a poder incorporar uma pluralidade de sentidos da emancipação da dominação, os quais não se deixam mais apreender nos clássicos paradigmas da revolução e da reforma do capitalismo.
Gaps in Corporate Liability
Authors: Aparac Jelena
Published: November 2021

Fact-finding is a fundamental step in providing documentation that can be used in domestic and international proceedings. The United Nations establishes commissions of inquiry to investigate international law violations, often in contexts of armed conflict, under the mandate of the Human Rights Council or other more political organs of the UN. They vary in mandate, as well as in investigative and geographic scope. However, to this day, fact-finding mechanisms or inquiry commissions have only rarely conducted investigations into corporate crimes, even in cases where the UN has explicitly recognized the part played by economic actors in armed conflicts. Because corporations are not subjects of international law, they are presumed not to have any direct obligations under international law. Moreover, the mandates of fact-finding missions de facto exclude corporations from investigations because such mandates are always designed to investigate international law violations. By voluntarily dismissing any investigation of corporate crimes, the UN is significantly limiting prospects for corporate responsibility and impeding the process of transitional justice.
Fantastic lizards and where to find them: cis-Andean microteiids (Squamata: Alopoglossidae & Gymnophthalmidae) from the Colombian Orinoquia and Amazonia
Authors: DIAGO-TORO MARÍA F. , GARCÍA-COBOS DANIELA , BRIGANTE-LUNA GIOVANNI D. , VÁSQUEZ-RESTREPO JUAN D.
Published: November 2021

Although Colombia is perceived as one of the most diverse countries in reptiles, the distribution of many microteiid lizards of the Alopoglossidae and Gymnophthalmidae families is still poorly known. This is particularly true for those species in the cis-Andean regions, in part due to the remoteness or socio-political issues within some of these territories. In order to elucidate the diversity and distribution of the cis-Andean microteiids in Colombia, in this study we present a review based on the examination of specimens deposited in the reptile collection at Instituto de Investigación Alexander von Humboldt, one of the most important Colombian biological collections, and data from the literature. We reported a total of 29 taxa, in which three are new records for Colombia and three are range extensions. Two species were assigned to species complex because their morphological determination was non-conclusive, and three were identified just to genus, since they may correspond to more than one entity or be currently non-described. We found that nine species are distributed in both the Amazonia and Orinoquia regions, nine are currently only present in the Amazonia and seven are in the Orinoquia. Based on our data, we highlight the importance of using local museums to increase the taxonomic and geographic data coverage, we discuss the taxonomic difficulties for some taxa, as well as the potential for future research and their constraints. Finally, we present a taxonomic key for the identification of the microteiids present in the Orinoquia and Amazonia regions of Colombia.
Bioconvection in Magneto Hydrodynamics Casson Nanoliquid (Fe3O4-Sodium Alginate) With Gyrotactic Microorganisms Over an Exponential Stretching Sheet
Authors: Kumaraswamy Naidu K. , Harish Babu D. , Satya Narayana P. V.
Published: November 2021

The present investigation focuses on the influence of motile gyrotactic microorganisms and thermal heat flux on three-dimensional convective flow of a Casson nanoliquid over an elongated surface. The flow equations are modelled by using Tiwari-Das nanofluid model. Sodium alginate (SA)
is considered as the base fluid together with Ferromagnetic oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles. The governing flow equations are changed into a system of ODEs with the aid of similarity variables and are then addressed computationally. Influence of various pertinent parameters
on different physical quantities is examined graphically. The outcomes of present investigation is validated through comparison study and is found to be in good arrangement. It is noticed that the coefficient of heat transfer rises with growing radiation and Biot numbers. Also the mass transfer
coefficient surges for higher values of Schmidt number and generative chemical reaction parameter.
Performance of Nano-Casson Fluid on Convective Flow Past a Permeable Stretching Sheet: Thermophoresis and Brownian Motion Effects
Authors: Sreedivya P. , Sunitha Rani Y. , Srinivasa Raju R.
Published: November 2021

The paramount importance of the current study has to deliberate nanoparticles for the Casson fluid model supposing Thermophoresis and Brownian motion associates Runge-Kutta fifth-order technique is applied to reduce the elements of non-linear regular difference calculations. Nondimensional physical parameters have appeared after utilization of correspondence alterations among with the design of connected normal difference omputations, where govern the performance of Nano-Casson fluid. Joined calculations are then attempted mathematically, also then the physical behaviour of individually element is exposed explicitly. Numerical consequences for Nusselt and Sherwood numbers through various engineering linked parameters are presented in tabular forms. Finally, program code validation is discussed. Where identified the velocity profiles are decreasing function of Casson fluid and Magnetic field parameters. Temperature is found as an advanced function for the effects of Brownian motion and Thermophoresis limitations. Also, the consequences show that growing of stretching limitation mains to a growth in the velocity distribution and Skin-friction coefficient, while a decrease in the temperature distribution and Nusselt number coefficient. A growth of the Thermophoresis parameter leads to increased nanoparticle volume concentration distribution and the Sherwood number coefficient.
Projections of Snow Water Equivalent Using a Process-Based Energy Balance Snow Model in Southwestern British Columbia
Authors: Sobie Stephen R. , Murdock Trevor Q.
Published: November 2021

Information about snow water equivalent in southwestern British Columbia, Canada, is used for flood management, agriculture, fisheries, and water resource planning. This study evaluates whether a process-based, energy balance snow model supplied with high-resolution statistically downscaled temperature and precipitation data can effectively simulate snow water equivalent (SWE) in the mountainous terrain of this region. Daily values of SWE from 1951 to 2018 are simulated at 1-km resolution and evaluated using a reanalysis SWE product [Snow Data Assimilation System (SNODAS)], manual snow-survey measurements at 41 sites, and automated snow pillows at six locations in the study region. Simulated SWE matches observed interannual variability well (R2 > 0.8 for annual maximum SWE), but peak SWE biases of 20%–40% occur at some sites in the study domain, and higher biases occur where observed SWE is very low. Modeled SWE displays lower bias relative to SNODAS reanalysis at most manual survey locations. Future projections for the study area are produced using 12 downscaled climate model simulations and are used to illustrate the impacts of climate change on SWE at 1°, 2°, and 3°C of warming. Model results are used to quantify spring SWE changes at different elevations of the Whistler mountain ski resort and the sensitivity of annual peak SWE in the Metropolitan Vancouver municipal watersheds to moderate temperature increases. The results both illustrate the potential utility of a process-based snow model and identify areas where the input meteorological variables could be improved.

Significance Statement

Using high-resolution (1 km) climate data, we evaluate and apply a snow model in the mountainous terrain of coastal, southwestern British Columbia, Canada. Modeling snow water equivalent at high-resolution enables better representation of snow conditions that can vary widely over short distances and elevations. At 1°, 2°, and 3°C of warming, future snow water equivalent levels at sites nearer the coast are more vulnerable to temperature increases than sites slightly higher in elevation and farther inland. Future efforts to improve the climate data may yield better agreement between simulated and observed snow levels in certain locations.
Precarity, Permits, and Prayers: “Working Practices” of Congolese Asylum-Seeking Women in Cape Town
Authors: Nyamnjoh Henrietta , Hall Suzanne , Cirolia Liza Rose
Published: November 2021

This paper provides an ethnographic reading of how Congolese women, in particular aslyum seekers with temporary permits, navigate Cape Town's informal urban economy. We argue that the intersections of temporary permit status and gender, as well as the particularities of diaspora flows and settlements, compound the precarity of everyday life. We engage with how precarity shapes and is shaped by what we define as “working practices.” These practices include the everyday livelihood tactics sustained on shoestring budgets and transnational networks. We also show how, in moments of compounded crises – including the COVID-19 pandemic – marginal gains and transnational networks are rendered more fragile. In these traumatic moments, working practices extend to include the practices of hope and reliance on prayer as social ways of contending with exacerbated precarity.
Occupational Therapy Theory and School-Based Filial Therapy: Intervention Rationale and Formulation
Authors: Cooper Jane , Yu Mong-lin , Brown Ted
Published: November 2021

Background: Emotional-behavioural problems in children present a barrier to engagement and participation in school occupations. Applying practice theory is an essential process to explore the impact of clinical problems and to orient clinical thinking to the domain of occupation. Purpose: Occupational therapy practice theory and frameworks are applied to the formulation of School-Based Filial Therapy, a viable treatment response to emotional-behavioural problems in children. Key issues: Bowen family systems theory, the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework IV and the Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement are applied to intervention formulation. Implications: School-Based Filial Therapy engages the dynamic interaction of the person, the occupations he/she engages in and the environment via therapeutic medium of play. It is consistent with the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework IV and the Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement and provides new possibilities as an intervention for occupational therapists working in children's mental health.
The Effect of E-Verify Laws on Crime
Authors: Churchill Brandyn F. , Dickinson Andrew , Mackay Taylor , Sabia Joseph J.
Published: November 2021

E-Verify laws, which have been adopted by 23 states, require employers to verify whether new employees are eligible to legally work prior to employment. This study explores the impact of state E-Verify laws on crime. Using data from the 2004–2015 National Incident Based Reporting System, the authors find that the enactment of E-Verify is associated with a 7% reduction in property crime incidents involving Hispanic arrestees. This finding was strongest for universal E-Verify mandates that extend to private employers and its external validity bolstered by evidence from the Uniform Crime Reports. Supplemental analyses from the Current Population Survey suggest two mechanisms to explain this result: E-Verify-induced increases in the employment of low-skilled natives of Hispanic descent and out-migration of younger Hispanics. Findings show no evidence that arrests were displaced to nearby jurisdictions without E-Verify or that violent crime or arrests of African Americans were affected by E-Verify laws. The magnitudes of the estimates suggest that E-Verify laws averted $491 million in property crime costs to the United States.
Exploring performance paradox in public organizations: Analyzing the predictors of distortive behaviors in performance measurement
Authors: Choi Sungjoo , Park Soonae
Published: November 2021

Scholars have argued that utilization of quantitative performance indicators by public organizations could generate unintended consequences that might outweigh the benefits of performance measurement. We examined the relationships between goal ambiguity and external control, and distortive practices in performance measurement in public organizations. The data from 47 agencies of the central and local governments in Korea were analyzed using fixed-effect ordered logistic regression methods. The results showed that goal ambiguity was positively and significantly associated with distortive practices in performance measurement. Goal ambiguity may incentivize public employees to misuse performance information to obtain rewards for higher performance ratings. Contrary to our expectation, reinforced external control was negatively and significantly related to distortive behaviors in performance measurement. Higher work autonomy was not significantly associated with manipulation of performance information. Employees with higher intrinsic motivation were less likely to distort performance measures, whereas the ones with higher extrinsic motivation were more likely to misuse performance information to achieve higher performance ratings.

Points for practitioners

To avoid the potential distortions in performance measurement, public managers should adopt a refined measurement model of performance customized to the unique characteristics of public services. Multiple sets of measures need to be developed and managed properly to respond to complex political environments which involve different key values and the stakeholders in the policy processes, and the nature of public service products and outcomes. Reinforced behavioral control in the process of measuring performance will also be necessary.
Effect of particle size of leather wastes on the processing, vulcanization, and physico-mechanical properties of natural rubber/leather wastes composites
Authors: Urrego Yepes William , Cardona Natalia , Velasquez Sandra M , Giraldo Vásquez Diego H , Posada Juan C
Published: November 2021

In this work, the effect of particle size and the content of leather wastes on the processability, vulcanization, and mechanical properties of a natural rubber/leather wastes composites was studied. From a reduction process, leather waste was later sieved to classify particles smaller than 0.6 mm and particles between 0.84 and 2 mm, hereafter called fine and coarse residues, respectively. The morphology of the wastes was analyzed from scanning electron microscopy micrographs. Natural rubber/leather wastes composites with 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 phr (parts per 100 parts of rubber) of treated leather wastes were obtained in a torque rheometer. Mixtures with coarse wastes exhibited a slightly higher torque than mixtures with the fine wastes; additionally, increasing the wastes content yields in an increased torque during the final stage of the process. The addition of leather wastes increased the vulcanization time and stiffness of the composites; additionally, materials with fine wastes showed lower vulcanization times compared to materials with coarse wastes. Composites with fine leather wastes exhibited higher density and tensile modulus than materials with coarse wastes; however, only the composites with 80 and 100 phr of wastes showed a statistically significant difference in hardness values. The specific energy consumption (SEC) was calculated from the results obtained with the torque rheometer; it was found that for all the formulations the SEC decreased as the phr of leather residues increased. It was found that it is possible to use leather wastes in natural rubber composites, to obtain adequate materials feasible for some applications.
Generation of filament winding patterns for elbows with various cross-sections
Authors: Man Ruidong , Fu Jianhui , Kim Songkil , Jung Yoongho
Published: November 2021

As a connecting component of tubes, the elbow is indispensable to pipe-fitting in composite products. Previous studies have addressed methods for generating winding paths based on parametric equations on the elbow. However, these methods are unsuitable for elbows whose surfaces are difficult to describe using mathematical expressions. In this study, a geometric method was proposed for generating winding patterns for various elbow types. With this method, the mandrel surface is first converted into uniform and high-quality quadrilateral elements; an algorithm is then provided for calculating the minimum winding angle for bridging-free. Next, an angle for non-bridging was defined as the design-winding angle to generate the uniform and slippage-free basic winding paths on the quadrilateral elements in non-geodesic directions. Finally, after a series of uniform points were calculated on the selected vertical edge according to the elbow type, the pattern paths were generated with the uniform points and basic paths. The proposed method is advantageously not limited to the elbow’s shape.
Development of turkey feather fiber-filled thermoplastic polyurethane composites: Thermal, mechanical, water-uptake, and morphological characterizations
Authors: Soykan Ugur
Published: November 2021

This present study centers sensitively on the determination of the effect of natural turkey feather fibers (TFFs) loading on fundamental features (thermal, mechanical, water-uptake, and micro-structural) of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The composites with different TFFs contents (3, 6, 9, and 12 wt.%) were fabricated by the melt blending method using the twin screw extruder and micro-injection molder. The samples were characterized by means of differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), universal mechanical (tensile and hardness) tester, water-uptake, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques. The thermal analysis depicted that the melting temperatures of the soft and hard segments as well as the crystallinity degree of TPU increased consistently with the increase of TFFs loading level thanks to the formation of better close-packed TPU chains in the matrices. As for the mechanical test results, when compared neat TPU, the tensile strengths were reinforced by 26.8% and 19.7%, and the modulus increased by 6.6% and 45.1% for the composite samples including 3% and 6% of TFFs, respectively. However, drastic diminishment were observed at further contents. Additionally, TFFs loadings brought about gradual increase in the water-uptake capacities of the composites due to the increasing of the number of voids and omnipresent flaws in TPU matrices. The taken SEM images also revealed that, at low contents, there existed the enrichment of interfacial adhesion between TFFs and TPU matrix, whereas the morphological appearance of the composites get worse at high contents accompanied by the formation of micro-structural defects.
Liable for Unlawful Assembly and Riot by Virtue of Liking or Comment on Social Media Platforms?
Authors: Wan Trevor TW , Yeon Thomas
Published: November 2021

In Secretary for Justice v Tong Wai Hung [2021] HKCA 404, the Hong Kong Court of Appeal affirmed that the doctrine of joint enterprise, as a matter of statutory construction, is applicable onwards to the offences of unlawful assembly and riot under the Public Order Ordinance (Cap. 245), and physical presence at the crime scene is not a pre-requisite to establish liability. The Court argued that such an interpretation strikes a balance between public order concerns and the need to avoid the risk of over-charging. This note contends that the Court of Appeal’s decision will risk exposing numerous citizens, who can hardly be said to share culpability comparable to that of the actual and principal perpetrators of unlawful and riotous assemblies, to prosecution and conviction on questionable legal and evidential basis.
Framing socio-political controversy: The 2012 Spanish labor reform as a case study of cascading activation
Authors: Álvarez Sánchez Sergio , Arceo Vacas Alfredo
Published: November 2021

In February 2012, the Spanish Government approved an aggressive labor reform. Many political agents committed to emphasis framing, highlighting certain aspects of the topic to persuade their publics with their definitions of the situation. Some generic frames suggested an individualistic approach to the labor market, while some others called for collective action. Following the cascading activation model, this research attempted to identify the flows of frames from the elites to the media outfits. A content analysis was conducted with the materials disseminated in February 2012 by the government, the two main Spanish unions, the confederation of employers, and four print media. Differences and similarities were found through bivariate analyses between the categories of the codebook. Although clear cascades emerged from the unions to the online daily Público.es, and from the government to Larazón.es, generally the media frame building processes did not limit to just depicting the frames of an elite.
The AAPF fault-tolerant method for small and complex product assembly
Authors: Lyu Huanpei , Zhang Libin , Tan Dapeng , Xu Fang
Published: November 2021

Fault-tolerant control should be considered during assembly to ensure stability and efficiency of the assembly process. The paper proposes a fault-tolerant method to improve stability and efficiency during the assembly of small and complex products. The fault-tolerant method model was initially constructed, then an adaptive artificial potential field control algorithm (AAPF) was introduced to control related assembly tasks based on changes in assembly information. Next, active and passive fault tolerance methods were integrated using a least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM). Finally, the assembly of a 2P circuit breaker controller assembly with leakage protection was used as an example to verify the proposed assembly method. The experimental results demonstrated that the AAPF fault-tolerant method showed promising fault-tolerance capabilities for the assembly of small and complex products. Not only could it coordinate the number of tasks for each assembly robot, but it also effectively reduced the number of tasks that accumulated due to faults. The method proposed in this paper could effectively guarantee assembly stability and efficiency during small and complex product assembly.
Development and evaluation of novel modules for deployable tension-strut structures
Authors: Taha Abdelrahman Abdelalim , Akl Adel Yahia
Published: November 2021

There is a growing need for new alternatives of long-span roof structures with high level of transformability and structural robustness. This led to the development of deployable cable-strut structures, which are composed of a continuous net of struts and another continuous net of cables. Subsequently, a special type of these systems was pioneered and given the term deployable tension-strut structures (DTSSs). The motivation beyond this new concept was the lack of structural efficiency and form flexibility of conventional space trusses that are usually employed for covering large spaces. Typically, DTSSs are roof structures consisting of multiple modules put together to form the roof system. This paper is mainly concerned with developing new robust modules for DTSSs. The technique that was adopted for this purpose is a form-creation methodology previously introduced in the literature. A few modules were already developed based on this shape grammar. However, its potential to develop multiple efficient modules has not been sufficiently investigated. In this current work, the afore-mentioned algorithm was utilized to form 16 new modules. A comparative study based on a nonlinear finite element technique was conducted to investigate the efficiency of the novel modules as compared to that of the previously proposed in the literature. The results show that some of the new proposed modules are far more efficient than those presented in previous researches. Based on this comparative study, the most two efficient modules among the novel ones were picked for further study. Parametric studies were conducted on these two systems under gravity loads and wind loads considering the following parameters: no. of modules, span/depth ratio, and cables’ pre-stress level. For each parameter, the optimal range of values were determined to be used as a guide for the design of such systems.
Reward Rapidly Enhances Visual Perception
Authors: Cheng Phillip (Xin) , Rich Anina N. , Le Pelley Mike E.
Published: November 2021

Rewards exert a deep influence on our cognition and behavior. Here, we used a paradigm in which reward information was provided at either encoding or retrieval of a brief, masked stimulus to show that reward can also rapidly modulate perceptual encoding of visual information. Experiment 1 ( n = 30 adults) showed that participants’ response accuracy was enhanced when a to-be-encoded grating signaled high reward relative to low reward, but only when the grating was presented very briefly and participants reported that they were not consciously aware of it. Experiment 2 ( n = 29 adults) showed that there was no difference in participants’ response accuracy when reward information was instead provided at the stage of retrieval, ruling out an explanation of the reward-modulation effect in terms of differences in motivated retrieval. Taken together, our findings provide behavioral evidence consistent with a rapid reward modulation of visual perception, which may not require consciousness.
Le regard décolonial d’Alfred Alexandre: Les villes assassines ()
Authors: Hueso Silvia
Published: November 2021

This article focuses on the novel Les villes assassines ( 2011 ) by the Martinican writer Alfred Alexandre that shows his decolonial and critical vision of the politics indirectly established from France on overseas territories. The author paints a topography of misery where mafia, drugs and prostitution reign, showing the mechanisms of control and subjection of popular minorities, belonging to the «urban mangrove», whose only way out is, according to the author, a violent position to subvert an order inherited from the slavery regime.