bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is it possible to stop the osteolysis of the periprosthetic bone during re-endoprosthetics of the hip joint against the background of osteoporosis?
Authors: Rodionova S. S. , Makarov M. A. , Balychev G. E. , Torgashin A. N.
Published: May 2023

Revision interventions due to aseptic instability show a marked upward trend, and one of the reasons is an increase in the number of people with osteoporosis in the population. The impaired bone metabolism in these cases persist even after re-endoprosthetics. The  authors aim to draw attention of trauma orthopaedists to the need to treat osteoporosis either before or immediately after the re-endoprosthetic surgery. A clinical case is presented. A 65-year-old patient T., 5 months after surgery, complained of persistent pain in the left hip joint radiating to the left knee joint, which intensified when walking, lameness, inability to move without additional support (two crutches), limited range of motion within the left hip joint that had undergone surgery (endoprosthesis). The patient had a history of femoral neck fracture associated with a low energy fall. The left hip joint re-endoprosthetics was performed due to aseptic instability of the femoral and acetabular components of the prosthetic implant. The diagnosed diseases included secondary osteoporosis, D-deficiency, hypocalcemia, and periprosthetic osteolysis. Given the increased intensity of resorption and the fact that the femoral neck fracture occurred with underlying secondary osteoporosis, it was decided to prescribe antiresorptive therapy with denosumab 60 mg once every 6 months combined with alfacalcidol and calcium supplement. Despite an objective 3-month delay in antiresorptive therapy initiation, the treatment result was achieved in the observed patient. In summary, denosumab 60 mg increases the effectiveness of re-endoprosthetics with underlying osteoporosis by reducing activity of the periprosthetic bone osteolysis.
The effectiveness of a polyvalent antigenic complex including bacterial lysates in the treatment and prevention of rhinosinusitis against the background of acute respiratory viral infections and COVID-19 (clinical description)
Authors: Krivopalov A. A. , Ryazantsev S. V. , Aleksanian Yu. S. , Glyshchenko A. I.
Published: May 2023

One of the urgent tasks of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, noted in the State report on the state of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population, is the improvement and implementation of diagnostic and treatment and prevention technologies. First of all, this concerns the continued growth of respiratory viral infections, seasonal influenza epidemics, where SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection occupies a special place, which often cause various otorhinolaryngological complications – acute and exacerbations of chronic tonsillopharyngitis, rhinosinusitis, tubotitis, purulent otitis media. In the treatment of bacterial sinusitis, in accordance with clinical recommendations, intranasal corticosteroids, elimination therapy, herbal remedies, and antibacterial drugs are used. Due to the period of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, a significant proportion of patients took large doses of antibacterial drugs, which caused an increase in the resistance of microorganisms to them. In this regard, it is possible to use immunostimulating drugs that stimulate cellular and humoral immunity, promote the development of a specific immune response and activate nonspecific defense factors such as lysozyme, mucin, lactoferrin and normalize mucociliary clearance. As a rule, the identification of a viral agent is carried out in case of a severe clinical course of the disease or complications from the ORL and other organs, and the use of immunostimulating agents in complex therapy is necessary at the earliest possible time of the disease. In this context, the use of immunostimulants containing polyvalent antigenic complexes, including bacterial lysates, the most common pathogens of respiratory infections, is justified. It is preferable in these cases to use lysates of bacteria obtained by mechanical destruction of bacterial cells, since they have a more pronounced non-specific immunostimulatory and specific vaccinating effect.
Possibilities of sulodexide use in clinical practice
Authors: Morozov A. M. , Avanesyan A. E. , Boltik A. A. , Sergeev A. N.
Published: May 2023

Introduction. Sulodexide is a polymer, the structure of which includes unbranched polysaccharide chains formed by repeating a particular disaccharide unit. This drug was isolated from the endothelium of the pig, and it appeared on the pharmaceutical market in 1974. Sulodexide contains ≈ 80% heparan sulfate (also known as fast-acting heparin) and 20% dermatan sulfate. This drug is produced from the more sulfated waste heparinoids. During production, heparin is chemically decomposed and transformed into the clinical drug Sulodexide. Aim. To estimate the possibilities and prospects of using the drug Sulodexid in the treatment of various diseases. Materials and methods. During this study, we analyzed relevant sources of domestic and foreign literature on the use of the drug Sulodexid in various pathologies. Sources of information included publications from the Russian scientific electronic library integrated with the  Russian Science Citation Index, the  Medline database, Scopus, Science Direct, Cyberleninka.ru, and the  New England Journal of Medicine. Results and discussion. The pharmacological action of the drug is not limited to anticoagulant action, it also has antiaggregant and angioprotective effects. The drug has found application in various fields of medicine, such as pediatrics, surgery, therapy, endocrinology, neurology and proctology. The possibility of wide application is also promoted by the availability of different forms and methods of administration of this drug: intramuscular, infusion and oral, which allows prescribing the drug both in inpatient and outpatient settings. In contrast to other anticoagulants the drug has the most favorable action, since the risk of bleeding is low. Conclusion. In spite of a sufficiently wide use of the study drug in clinical practice, inclusion in the national clinical guidelines, other effects of the drug require further studies. It is difficult to make a conclusion about the efficacy of the drug in the treatment of some diseases, but with further studies, there is a chance of including it in the therapy of different pathological conditions.
Using of herbal mucolytics in the complex therapy of acute and chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Selezneva L. V. , Vartanyan K. G.
Published: May 2023

Chronic rhinosinusitis is a polyetiological heterogeneous disease that is characterized by inflammation of the nasal mucosa and paranasal sinuses. The clinical picture of this pathology may include nasal congestion and rhinorrhea. Studies on the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis have yielded insufficient results, however, a number of factors that predispose to the development of this disease are currently identified according to clinical guidelines. Among these are both anatomical anomalies and some chronic diseases (rhinitis, atopy), immune system disorders (immunodeficiencies), etc. Mucoactive drugs are used in the treatment of acute and chronic rhinosinusitis to restore the transport function of the upper respiratory tract epithelium. Their mechanism of action is aimed at restoring mucociliary clearance. This therapy also affects the viscous discharge, which is produced during rhinosinusitis and accumulates in the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity, worsening the course of the inflammatory process. Specialists distinguish the following forms of mucoactive drugs: mucolytics, mucokinetics and mucoregulators. The article considers the aspects of the clinical use of herbal mucolytics for the treatment of acute and chronic rhinosinusitis, in the pathogenesis of which the nasal mucosa edema plays a key role. The authors summarise the most conclusive evidence to date on the need to use herbal mucolytics in the complex therapy of acute and chronic rhinosinusitis. The modern topical therapy of acute and chronic rhinosinusitis in the otorhinolaryngology practice is presented. Herbal medicinal products have a proven secretolytic and anti-inflammatory effect, accelerate the relief of symptoms and reduce the recovery time of patients. The clinical guidelines recommend to prescribe these drugs in addition to the complex therapy of rhinosinusitis to patients suffering from ARS and CRS, who has no contraindications.
Topical glucocorticosteroids: from high clinical efficacy to the problem of uncontrolled use (case report)
Authors: Tlish M. M. , Shavilova M. E. , Sycheva N. L. , Psavok F. A.
Published: May 2023

Due to their pronounced biological activity, glucocorticosteroids are widely used in various fields of medical practice. The variety of effects of these hormones makes them an important part of the treatment of dermatological patients. This group of drugs has a pronounced positive effect on various links in the pathogenesis of many chronic dermatoses due to anti-inflammatory, vasoconstrictive, immunosuppressive and antiproliferative effects. The creation of combined external preparations containing a glucocorticosteroid in  combination with an antibacterial and/or antifungal component has become a  significant achievement in dermatological practice. Due to the rapid relief of signs of inflammation, as well as additional antibacterial and antifungal effects, these external agents have become especially attractive to patients. Widespread advertising and over-the-counter sale of drugs containing glucocorticosteroids leads to the fact that a significant part of patients seek advice from a dermatologist only after their ineffective use. At the same time, their uncontrolled use can lead to a number of side effects, including both pathological changes in the skin and pronounced negative systemic reactions. This fact significantly changes the clinical picture of the disease, limits the possibilities of early laboratory diagnosis of infection, which often prolongs the time for verification of the diagnosis and complicates therapy. The article presents our own clinical observations of patients with skin mycoses who have been using combined topical preparations containing glucocorticosteroids for a long time. This led to an atypical clinical course of the infection and required additional diagnostics using histological examination. The analysis of clinical observations is intended to focus the attention of primary care physicians on this problem, which can increase patient awareness of the risks of using topical drugs containing glucocorticosteroids.
Evolution of methods of assistance in stapes surgery in patients with otosclerosis
Authors: Sinkov E. V. , Stozhkova I. V. , Tekoev A. R.
Published: May 2023

Introduction. It is not always possible to create a perforation in the footplate of the stirrup with the help of classical microinstruments during stapedoplasty, which will exactly correspond to the required parameters, moreover, these tools can be dangerous in some cases, since it is possible to provoke the footplate to enter the ear labyrinth, mobilizing it.Aim. To determine the efficacy and safety of various methods of stapes surgery in otosclerosis with an assessment of the frequency of intra- and postoperative complications.Materials and methods. In the Clinic of Ear, Throat and Nose Diseases of the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University) a number of experimental and clinical studies were conducted, partial results of which we decided to retrospectively compare and analyze. The data of the first group of patients were taken from the results of a study with a CO2 laser. The data of the second group of patients were obtained from the results of a study with a diode (blue) laser with a wavelength of 445 nanometers. The data of the third group of patients were collected from archival data of medical histories from 2020 to 2022, who used a set of micro-tools for stapedoplasty (manual micropeforator, microneedle).Results. The data obtained showed similar results in the CO2 and blue laser groups. The main difference in the group of patients who underwent stapedoplasty with classical microinstruments was a longer operation time compared to laser stapedotomies, as well as a greater number of intraoperative difficulties associated with the mobilization of the foot plate of the stapes during manipulations with a manual perforator.Conclusions. The use of blue laser and CO2 laser in stapedotomy procedures shows promising results in terms of surgical accuracy and speed of the operation. Further research should compare the long-term effects of these three methods to determine the most effective and safest.
Bioequivalence and immunogenicity of insulin LisPro biosimilar compared to reference drug
Authors: Karonova Т. L. , Chernikova A. Т. , Mayorov A. Y.
Published: May 2023

Introduction. Insulin therapy is the only treatment for type 1 DM and one of the options for intensifying the treatment for type 2 DM. The production of own insulin biosimilars will increase patients access to the providing drugs and can potentially reduce medical costs on healthcare for government. Aim. Compare the equivalence of pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD), safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity between insulin biosimilar RinLis®, 100  IU/ml  (LLC GEROPHARM, Russia) to original Humalog®, 100  IU/ml  (Lilly France, France). Materials and methods. The clinical trial was conducted in  two phases. Phase I  – randomized double-blind, two-arm crossover study of  PK and PD using hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp  (HEC) method in  28  healthy volunteers (NCT03604575). During HEC regular blood sampling was performed to assess glucose and insulin concentrations. The glucose infusion rate (GIR) was adjusted based on glycemia measurement. These data were used to calculate the PD parameters: the total area under the GIR-time curve (AUCGIR) and the maximum GIR over the observation period (GIRmax); PK parameters: the total area under the concentration – time curve (AUCins.) and the maximum insulin concentration over the HEC (Сins. max). Phase II – randomized multicenter open-label comparative study in parallel groups with an assessment the frequency of an immune response after 26 weeks of therapy (NCT04023344). The comparability of the studied drugs was considered proven if 90% confidence intervals (CI) for the ratio of geometric means of FC and PD were in the range of 80–125%. Results. In the course of the study, it was revealed that RinLiz® and Humalog® insulin had comparable PK and PD profiles. The ratio of the geometric mean values of the AUCGIR and GIRmax were in the range of 80–125% and amounted to 106 [95–118] % and 108 [97–121] %, respectively. The equivalence also was confirmed by the ratio of the geometric mean values of the AUCins. and Сins. max, which amounted to 91 [86–97] % and 94 [91–97] %. In the second phase of the study after 26 weeks of therapy the frequency of immune response between two groups did not differ. Conclusion. The obtained data have demonstrated the bioequivalence and immunogenicity of RinLiz® insulin to the original Humalog® in terms of PK, PD and safety parameters.
Assessment of working conditions and risks caused by the COVID-19 pandemic: results of an online survey of personnel of medical organizations
Authors: Korneenkov A. A. , Ovchinnikov P. A. , Vyazemskaya E. E. , Dvoryanchikov V. V. , Ryazantsev S. V. , Yanov Yu. K. , Fanta I. V.
Published: May 2023

Introduction. In a pandemic, doctors and other staff working alongside them are among those at risk of infection on a daily basis.Aim. To identify aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic that are relevant to healthcare workers.Materials and methods. An online survey was conducted among employees of healthcare organizations. The study included 269 people, the analysis was carried out in the R software environment. The first group included medical workers who had direct contact with patients with COVID-19; the second group – workers whose contact with the infected was not recorded.Results and discussion. The results of the survey were analyzed both for the sample as a whole and for groups. In the survey, 84.8% of respondents expressed concern about the pandemic, and among contacts, anxiety was 3 times more common than among non-contacts (OR = 3.07 [1.14; 10.43]). Respondents rated their awareness of SARS-CoV-2 highly: the contact group was more confident in the completeness of the information provided than the non-contact group. The preparedness of clinics for a pandemic was not highly rated. Contact persons – 84%, non-contact persons – 71% felt a high risk of infection at the workplace. A more pronounced lack of protective equipment was felt by respondents from the group of contact workers. Self-restriction of social contacts did not become a popular and statistically significant measure: health workers limited their contacts in 37.9% of cases, among them contacting – 55.4%, non-contacting – 44.6%. In the survey, it was proposed to assess what causes concern: the risk of isolation from the family and social environment was noted by 76.2% of respondents; fear of the danger of the disease itself - 36.2%; the consequences of one’s own infection for the well-being of the family and professional activities, as well as society as a whole - 34.8%; the risk of infecting family members and relatives is 33.0%.Conclusions. These studies can provide significant assistance in planning health care to repel future threats of a similar nature.
Modern aspects of managing patients with inflammatory diseases of the external and middle ear
Authors: Vladimirova T. Yu. , Martynova A. B.
Published: May 2023

Introduction. The article considers approaches to the management of patients with inflammatory diseases of the middle ear at the outpatient and hospital stages.Aim. To substantiate the guidelines for endaural treatment of inflammatory ear diseases with Anauran® ear drops from the perspective of the best clinical efficiency.Materials and methods. A total of 53 patients (106 ears) were examined, of which 21 patients were diagnosed with otitis externa diffusa (24 ears), 23 patients (25 ears) with acute catarrhal otitis media and 9 patients (9 ears) with epitympanitis in remission, who underwent type 1 tympanoplasty. The efficacy of Anauran® as part of combination treatment was compared in the following age groups: in patients over 18 years old (mean age 39.2 ± 11.1 years) and in children (mean age 9.8 ± 6.5 years).Results and discussion. Absolute scores determined in assessing ear pain in the group of patients with acute otitis externa diffusa ranged from 3 to 9 scores; in the group with acute catarrhal otitis media – from 3 to 8 scores, in patients after tympanoplasty – from 2 to 8 scores. There was some difference in the assessment of the ear pain severity between children and patients over 18 years of age. The most short-term changes in ear pain occurred in children with acute otitis externa diffusa and acute catarrhal otitis media. As a result, the vast majority of patients showed a clinical effect on Day 7, which consisted in the recovery of the otoscopic status, a decrease in complaints by up to 96.3% in adults and up to 96.1% in children. The use of Anauran® ear drops in the complex management of patients with inflammatory diseases of the middle ear reduces the duration of treatment and eliminates problems with secondary bacterial infections in the postoperative period.Conclusions. The findings support the high efficiency of Anauran® in the combination therapeutic treatment of inflammatory processes of the outer and middle ear.
Strategy for the management and prevention of psycho-emotional disorders in the GP’s practice
Authors: Shishkova V. N.
Published: May 2023

Psycho-emotional disorders, such as anxiety disorders, acute and chronic stress, are significant risk factors for the development and complicated course of both major cardiovascular and other common chronic non-communicable diseases. The psycho-emotional disorders significantly reduce patients’ motivation and adherence to lifestyle changes and drug therapy, significantly worse quality of life, increase the risk of disability and healthcare system expenditures. The topicality of the issues of diagnosis and management of psycho-emotional disorders in the general practitioner’s practice is caused, on the one hand, by high rates of these disorders in patients with cardiovascular and other chronic diseases, deterioration in quality of life and an increase in adverse outcomes, and on the other hand, inadequate awareness of the risks associated with the sphere of psycho-emotional status in patients. The management of psycho-emotional disorders includes both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. Antidepressants that fall into the class of selective serotonin or serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors are the first-line drugs used for the treatment of most of the disorders discussed. However, prescription of these drugs requires to take into account a wide range of possible side effects in patients with chronic diseases, including CVDs. Drugs that have fast onsets of sedative and anti-anxiety action, also known as tranquilizers, are more widely used in real-world clinical practice. Tofisopam is the most promising from this group of drugs in therapeutic and cardiological practice. The efficacy and safety of tofisopam have been studied in numerous studies in patients with chronic non-communicable diseases and a wide range of anxiety disorders, including the long-term use of the drug.
Features of neuropsychological characteristics of patients with arterial hypertension
Authors: Shishkova V. N. , Dranitsyna B. G. , Ustarbekova D. B. , Ishchuk A. G. , Kapustina L. A.
Published: May 2023

Introduction. The significant pathogenetic effect of arterial hypertension on the development of cognitive and psycho-emotional disorders, on the one hand, and the lack of algorithms for identifying and managing patients with comorbid neurocognitive disorders in therapeutic practice, on the other hand, determines the relevance of studying this problem.Aim. To study neuropsychological characteristics of patients with arterial hypertension in therapeutic practice. Materials and methods. A total of 508 patients with arterial hypertension were enrolled in the study. All study participants underwent the clinical examination and neuropsychological tests: Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA test), Schulte tables, Categorical Verbal Fluency Test, Tracking Test, MFI-20 asthenia self-assessment questionnaire, Reeder's Test, Maastricht Questionnaire, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results. The analysis of neuropsychological testing results of patients with hypertension showed that almost all the techniques identified deviations from the  reference ranges in  most of  the study subjects. 85% of  patients had decreased total score of cognitive functions assessed in terms of MoCA test scores, 83% of patients showed increased time in performing tracking test part A and 74% patients showed increased time in performing part B, and there was also a large difference between the  time spent on performing parts B and A  of the  test; 49% of  patients demonstrated decreased speed in  performing the  Schulte test. Th psycho-emotional state test results showed a  high level of  psycho-emotional stress in  80.5%, vital exhaustion in 78% and fatigue in 96% of patients. Conclusions. In this study, the  neuropsychological testing results of  patients with hypertension showed decreased total scores of cognitive functions and individual parameters of the cognitive spectrum, such as attention focusing, information processing speed, memory, speech function and executive functions combined with a high level of psycho-emotional stress, fatigue and anxiety.
Anxiety disorders in general clinical practice
Authors: Devlikamova F. I. , Khaibullina D. H. , Maksimov Yu. N. , Kadyrova L. R.
Published: May 2023

Anxiety disorders are widespread in general medical practice, being the reason for seeking medical help from doctors of various specializations. Certain difficulties in the diagnosis and development of patient management tactics are caused by the variety of clinical manifestations of anxiety disorders. Often they are associated with somatic manifestations. Benzodiazepines, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, antipsychotics, antihistamines, and beta-blockers are traditionally used to treat these conditions. A limitation to their use are adverse events, the risk of which increases in the elderly. Modern pharmacology pays special attention to the safety of drug therapy, which makes the choice of a drug a responsible step. In subclinical anxiety disorder with somatic manifestations in outpatient practice, herbal sedative preparations or preparations based on them are used, which have a favorable safety profile with sufficient effectiveness. The drugs of choice are drugs based on herbal raw materials that have sedative, cardiotonic, moderate hypotensive and antispasmodic effects, which corresponds to the objectives of therapy, including in comorbid and elderly patients. The presence of a variety of pharmaceutical forms allows you to choose the drug, taking into account the individual needs of each individual patient. The currently available data on the clinical efficacy of the herbal components of the preparations, good tolerance and safety, subject to all the rules of administration, allow the use of these drugs in general clinical practice. The possibilities of their application are considered in the given clinical observations.
Possibilities of using nimesulide in clinical practice, features of use in dorsopathy
Authors: Yakovlev E. V. , Gnevyshev E. N. , Achkasov E. E. , Butko D. Y. , Davydov A. T. , Smirnov A. A. , Figurin I. S.
Published: May 2023

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a structurally diverse group of drugs with a common mechanism of action (reversible inhibition of  cyclooxygenase). They are widely used due to their analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory properties; available both as prescription and over-the-counter medications; available as individual pharmaceuticals, compound painkillers. The methods of treatment of acute and chronic pain are different. For acute pain, analgesics such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opiates are commonly used, sometimes in combination with regional anesthesia such as peripheral nerve blockade or peridural local anesthesia. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of nimesulide published in the sources MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. The efficacy and safety of the use of nimesulide in clinical practice is shown. In particular, in the treatment of acute musculoskeletal pain (dorsopathy of the cervical-thoracic and lumbar region), as well as migraines, due to a  decrease in  the release of  calcitonin- gene related peptide (CGRP) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) from the trigeminal ganglia, while other NSAIDs have shown a lack of efficacy. Noncompliance with international guidelines, irrational use of NSAIDs among all groups of drugs is one of the leading causes of hospitalizations associated with side effects, which increases health care costs. The article presents an overview of the safety and efficacy of medicines containing nimesulide, as well as recommendations for patients and prescribers of this drug.
General characteristics, results and prospects for the clinical application of bacteriophage therapy
Authors: Nacharov P. V. , Krivopalov A. A. , Shustova T. I.
Published: May 2023

Viruses are the most numerous biological creatures in the biosphere of the globe. Their number is huge ~ 1031, and bacteriophages are the most numerous group of environmental viruses. It is not surprising that in such an environment and in the human body and on its skin, a large community of various viruses has formed, representing a viral metagenome (virome). This virome includes not only viruses that penetrate into the cells of the human body and replicate in them using cell material, but also viruses that target only bacteria, namely bacteriophages. The ability of lytic bacteriophages with high specificity to kill certain bacteria was discovered in the 1920s. XX century. In this regard, lytic bacteriophages have been proposed and successfully used for the treatment of acute intestinal infections. However, the advent of antibiotics, the use of which was initially more effective for the treatment of bacterial infections, has led to the abandonment of phage therapy in Western countries. The return of attention of scientists and practical healthcare professionals to the use of bacteriophages as drugs occurred due to the formation and spread of multidrug resistance of pathogenic bacteria to the most commonly used antibacterial drugs. The incidence of various bacterial infections is not decreasing. This review provides information on a number of successful clinical and experimental applications of bacteriophage preparations in various diseases that are caused by bacteria, or bacterial inflammation has arisen as a complication of the underlying disease. It is very important that bacteriophages have a synergistic effect with antibacterial drugs. Bacteriophage therapy is considered as a potentially effective method of treatment.
Pathomorphology of cutaneous mastocytosis
Authors: Kasikhina E. I. , Potekaev N. N. , Katunina O. R. , Ostretsova M. N. , Zhukova O. V. , Mednikova M. A.
Published: May 2023

Introduction. Mastocytosis as a result of mast cell infiltration of the skin and other organs develops at any age. The relevance of this work is determined by the lack of systematic data on the pathomorphological features of the clinical forms and types of cutaneous mastocytosis, defined by the Consensus European-American Mastocytosis Group and the WHO classification in 2016. The variability of dermatological clinical manifestations in children and adults, the difficulties in interpreting laboratory tests create a problem for verifying the diagnosis and further treatment. The aim. To determine the main pathohistological features of clinical forms and types of cutaneous mastocytosis. Material and methods. The article includes data from patients who were treated and monitored at the Moscow Scientific and Practical Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology in 2019–2022. Results. The literature and own data on the characteristic pathomorphological patterns that are important for the diagnosis of mastocytosis with skin lesions in children and adults are systematized. The pathological substrate of lesions in diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis and mastocytoma was a massive infiltrate of mast cells in the papillary and reticular layers of the dermis. The histological picture in the monomorphic type of maculopapular cutaneous mastocytosis (MPCM) in children was characterized by a relatively lower density of mast cell infiltration of the papillary dermis compared to other clinical forms of mastocytosis. Also, in children, the density of mast cells in the affected skin was significantly higher compared to adults. In addition, in adults with PPCM, the  papillary dermis was less infiltrated with mast cells. This confirms the  opinion that the  monomorphic type of MPCM in children is phenotypically similar to MPCM in adults. Conclusions. Further prospective follow-up of patients may allow conclusions to be drawn about the prognostic value of pathological examination in mastocytosis in adults and children.
An integrated approach to the treatment of allergic rhinitis
Authors: Kochetkov P. A. , Svistushkin V. M. , Shchennikova E. S.
Published: May 2023

Introduction. Аllergic rhinitis is characterized by IgE-mediated inflammation and widely distributed in both adult and pediatric populations. The contact between allergen and mucous membrane is followed by sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal blockage. It may affect the quality of life and result in upper and lower airway diseases. The treatment aims to reduce or eliminate symptoms, prevent exacerbations and complications. The optimal treatment should maintain a habitual way of patient’s life. Intranasal corticosteroids in combination with selective antagonist of the leukotriene receptor drug – montelukast (Ektalust) have high efficiency and optimal dosing regimen.Aim. The study was to conduct a literature search for effectiveness of selective antagonist of the leukotriene receptor – montelukast (Ektalust) in treatment of allergic rhinitis.Materials and methods. The search was executed using RSCI and MEDLINE by keywords.Results and discussion. Patients with allergic rhinitis who received combination therapy with intranal glucocorticosteroids in combination with montelukast noted a better result in assessing the quality of life and reducing clinical manifestations, compared with patients who received monotherapy.Conclusions. Based on the available data it can be concluded that montelukast (Ektalust) in combination with intranasal corticosteroids may improve quality of life due to reduction of symptoms of allergic rhinitis, especially in conjunction with asthma.
Medical and psychological reasons for getting aesthetic rhinoplasty
Authors: Lengina M. A. , Korkmazov A. M. , Sarkisyan I. I. , Bidzhiev A. S. , Kiseleva E. O.
Published: May 2023

The original desire of all people is the desire to look more attractive by improving their appearance and the most advanced direction, in achieving aesthetic superiority, cosmetic surgical interventions have been and remain. The leading place in the patient’s desires is occupied by aesthetic facial surgery, where the most popular and not always justified is the change in the shape of the external nose. To date, the techniques and techniques for performing aesthetic rhinoplasty have reached their perfection. But at the stage of selecting patients for aesthetic surgery on the external nose, doctors always face certain difficulties. The most common problems for plastic surgeons are created by patients with dysmorphophobia where, for example, the main motive for persons with dysmorphomania to make rhinoplasty is dissatisfaction with the size and shape of their own nose, which, in their opinion, prevents them from achieving success in their personal life, building a career, etc. Other patients with dysmorphophobic syndrome have low self-esteem, in their opinion, the ugly shape of the nose prevents marriage etc. In this context, an unsuccessful example of performing aesthetic rhinoplasty for a patient whose anamnesis was aggravated by polypous rhinosinusitis and bronchial asthma with an uncontrolled course is given. A brief review of the literature and presented clinical examples substantiate the need to address a number of important questions at the stages of selection and planning of aesthetic rhinoplasty: does the patient have mental disorders; what are the true reasons motivating the patient for surgery; whether there are any diseases of the upper respiratory tract, violations of the architectonics of the deep sections of the nasal cavity, preventing operations, etc.
Tonotopic fitting of the sound processor cochlear implant in normal cochlea anatomy
Authors: Levin S. V. , Lilenko A. S. , Levina E. A. , Kuzovkov V. E. , Shukuryan M. , Pashkova A. E. , Voronov V. A.
Published: May 2023

Introduction. Cochlear implantation is very effective due to the known tonotopic organization of the cochlea. These data are used in the distribution of signals along the channels of the cochlear implant electrode. The more accurate and natural the stimulation of the auditory nerve fibers, the better the perception of speech, sounds and speech intelligibility.The aim of the study was to compare the clinical and anatomical settings of the cochlear implant processor.Materials and methods. The study included 63 patients aged 2 to 60 years using cochlear implantation system, implants with a standard long electrode array (31.5 mm). All participants underwent computed tomography (CT) of the temporal bones with a step of 0.6 mm or less. CT data were processed using Otoplan and Sliser 3D software. The geometric dimensions of the cochlea, the length of the cochlear canal, the angular position and tonotopic frequency of each electrode were calculated, and a 3D reconstruction of the cochlea and electrode was built.Results. The correction of the frequency filters of the electrodes and the anatomical adjustment of the processor were performed according to the data obtained in the Otoplan program. A comparison was made between the clinical and anatomical setting. After the redistribution of frequency filters, patients noted a more natural sound, improved speech intelligibility. Thus, with anatomical adjustment, an exact correspondence is achieved between the central frequency of each electrode channel and the tonotopic frequency of the cochlear zone, individually determined by computed tomography.Conclusions. A new tool has appeared that allows you to significantly improve the quality and provide an individual approach to setting up processors after cochlear implantation.
APPLICATIONS OF NMR AND THEORETICAL CALCULATIONS TO STUDY THE O-H∙∙∙N INTRAMOLECULAR HYDROGEN BOND EFFECT ON THE CONFORMATIONAL EQUILIBRIUM OF CIS-3-N-ETHYLAMINOCYCLOHEXANOL AND CIS-3-N,N-DIETHYLAMINOCYCLOHEXANOL
Authors: de Oliveira Paulo , Rittner Roberto , Guerrero Jr. Palimecio , Batista Patrick , Costa Gustavo
Published: May 2023

Textbooks show that in cis-1,3-disubstituted cyclohexane molecule, the conformer with the substituents in the diaxial positions is higher in energy and hence, it presents a low population in the conformational equilibrium. The diaxial conformer is destabilized by the repulsion between the substituent groups and the axial hydrogen atoms on the same side of the ring. This interaction is known as the 1,3-diaxial interaction. In this study, the solvent effect on the conformational equilibria of cis-3-N-ethylaminocyclohexanol (cis-3-EACOL) and cis-3-N,N-diethylaminocyclohexanol (cis-3-DEACOL) has been assessed through the spin-spin coupling constant (3JHH). The results show that the diaxial conformation of cis-3-EACOL decreases from 92% in CCl4 (∆Gee-aa = 1.48 kcal mol-1 ) to 10% in DMSO-d6 (∆Gee-aa = −1.31 kcal mol-1). For cis-3-DEACOL the diaxial conformer decreased from 36% in CCl4 (∆Gee-aa = −0.33 kcal mol-1) to 7% in Pyridine-d5 (∆Gee-aa = −1.55 kcal mol-1). The stabilization of the diaxial conformer in nonpolar solvents takes place due to the O-H···N intramolecular hydrogen bond, which overcomes the 1,3-diaxial steric interactions.
Development of STEM - Project Based Learning Devices to Train 4C Skills of Students
Authors: Kurniahtunnisa Kurniahtunnisa , Wowor Ester Caroline
Published: May 2023

The study aims to describe the validity, applicability, and effectiveness of the developed learning aids. This research is a research and development (RD) research that uses the Borg and Gall model. The subjects of the wide-scale trial were 106 students of class XI at SMAN 16 Semarang. The data analysis used was descriptive percentages.  The results and conclusions of this study indicate that: (1) overall learning aids are highly valid based on expert validation, and construct validity, especially for tests of critical thinking skills obtained valid and reliable results (2) learning aids are well implemented; (3) learning aids effectively improve students' critical thinking skills with 75% of students meeting the minimum completion criteria, and regarding N-gain test, there is an increase in critical thinking skills with moderate criteria.  The STEM-PjBL Learning aids effectively trains the ability to think creatively, communicatively and collaboratively with high criteria.
Mito y tradición: ingredientes ineludibles de todo relato histórico. un análisis a la luz de los estudios de L. Duch y J. Huizinga
Authors: Román Negroni Joel Isaac , González Quiñones Roberto Emmanuel
Published: May 2023

El presente escrito intenta poner en diálogo a dos reconocidos autores en temáticas filosóficas y antropológicas: Lluís Duch y Johan Huizinga. Duch postula una reflexión de la existencia misma según los elementos lingüísticos y morfológicos que usaron en la antigua Grecia para explicar, narrar y argumentar las complejidades de la condición humana: mythos y logos. En este artículo queremos examinar este juicio defendido por Duch en su obra y aplicarlo al estudio de la historia. Si la historia, entendida como relato del pasado, es creación propia del hombre, entonces es consecuencia esperada que el relato histórico tenga también una importante cuota de elementos mitológicos. Para hacer plausible nuestra hipótesis habremos de estudiar las bases filológicas de los términos en cuestión: mythos y logos y, en segundo lugar, abordar el tema de la historia entendiéndola -siguiendo principalmente a J. Huizinga- como producto espiritual mediante el cual una generación “rinde cuentas de su pasado”. De esta manera, llegada la conclusión de nuestro trabajo, se espera haber demostrado que el relato histórico de cualquier tiempo y lugar contiene en sí un importante elemento mitológico que no merece ser despreciado, antes bien, reclama la atención de filósofos, antropólogos e historiadores.
Catherine Millot, Vita con Lacan, trad. R. Prezzo, Raffaello Cortina Editore, Milano 2017 , pp. 97.
Authors: Molteni Agostino
Published: May 2023

La autora, Caherine Millot, que se hizo analizar por Lacan, desde 1972, cuando ella tiene veinte y ocho años y Lacan setenta y uno, se convierte en su compañera y amante hasta 1980. Esta Vida con Lacan es, por tanto, el relato de los últimos diez años de la vida de Lacan pasados junto a ella. Un libro que no está dividido por capítulos, sino que, a través del relato de episodios y circunstancias, es una crónica unitaria del individuo-Lacan, de su singularidad.
miR-29c-3p Accelerates Mucosal Repair in Dextran Sodium Sulfateinduced
Ulcerative Colitis Mice through the KDM6B/H3K27me3/LDHA
Axis
Authors: Li Xia , Yin Chuanming , Li Jie
Published: May 2023

Background:

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory intestinal disorder featured by
mucosal injury. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a role in the pathogenesis underlying UC.

Objectives:

This study was conducted to investigate the role of miR-29c-3p in a dextran sodium
sulfate (DSS)-induced UC mouse model and provide targets for UC treatment.

Methods:

The UC mouse model was established by DSS induction. The expression levels of miR-
29c-3p, lysine-specific demethylase 6B (KDM6B), zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), Occludin, and lactate
dehydrogenase A (LDHA) were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction or
Western blot assays. The mucosal injury was evaluated by disease activity index (DAI), colon length,
Hematoxylin-Eosin staining, and fluorescein isothiocyanate-glucan permeability test. The binding
between miR-29c-3p and KDM6B and the occupation of KDM6B or trimethylated H3 lysine 27
(H3K27me3) on the LDHA promoter were analyzed by the dual-luciferase and chromatinimmunoprecipitation
assays.

Results:

miR-29c-3p was downregulated while KDM6B and LDHA were upregulated in DSS mice.
miR-29c-3p overexpression reduced DAI and inflammatory cell infiltration while increasing colon
length, intestinal permeability, and levels of ZO-1 and Occludin. miR-29c-3p inhibited KDM6B
expression and increased H3K27me3 occupation on the LDHA promoter, thus inhibiting LDHA
transcription. Overexpression of KDM6B or LDHA averted the protective role of miR-29c-3p
upregulation in mucosal injury.

Conclusion:

miR-29c-3p limited KDM6B expression and increased the H3K27me3 occupation on
the LDHA promoter to enhance LDHA transcription, moderating mucosal injury and delaying UC
progression.
Targeting Neuroinflammation as Disease Modifying Approach to
Alzheimer’s Disease: Potential and Challenges
Authors: Jain Smita , Singh Ritu , Paliwal Sarvesh , Sharma Swapnil
Published: May 2023

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, having characteristic clinical
features of progressive memory loss and visuospatial, language, and cognitive impairment. In addition,
patients often suffer from comorbid depression and aggression. Aging is a major contributing
factor, though the exact pathophysiological involvement in the disease progression is debatable. Biologists
demonstrate that AD is not a result of a single pathological incident. However, an uncontrolled
myriad of events is responsible for the pathophysiological condition; hence, it is regarded as a multifaceted
disease. Pathophysiologically, AD is described by having a long preclinical stage (proteinopathy
accumulation stage), followed by a short prodromal/dementia stage (clinical symptom onset), as
evident via biomarker studies. Specific and sensitive biomarkers are needed to track disease progression
and treatment. Neuroinflammation is one of the cardinal pathophysiological events of AD that
form a positive activation loop between proteinopathy and pro-inflammatory mediators. However, the
starting point is inconclusive. The vital cells, like glia, known as brain scavenger cells, remain in harmony
between their quiescent and activated morphological states during any stimulus and help to regulate
the neuroinflammatory microenvironment. Hence, focusing on the dysfunctional microglia could
be a novel therapeutic approach to managing neuroinflammation condition in AD. This review focuses
on the translational evidence of anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory candidates in AD management.
It also highlights the importance of the microglia activation spectrum, eicosanoid signaling, cytokine
signaling, and inflammatory mediators responsible for the neuroinflammation cascade. The repeated
failure of single-approached therapies has diverted researchers’ attention to AD-modifying approaches
and AD multimodal treatment plans. This review is an effort to brief the role of new players (like micronutrients
and nutraceutical applications) that have been reported as helpful in suppressing AD severity.
Apart from anti-diabetic candidates, various insulin-mimetic and insulin-sensitizer drugs have
also been assessed to target insulin insensitivity to mitigate AD progression. However, these possibilities
are in the investigational stage and not clinically established yet, though various AD animal models
have verified the positive outcome.
DTL is a Novel Downstream Gene of E2F1 that Promotes the Progression
of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Dong Ruiqiang , Zhang Danhua , Han Baowei , Xu Lingxue , Zhang Danfeng , Cheng Zhenguo , Qiu Xinguang
Published: May 2023

Background:

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the world's most prevalent malignancies,
accounts for 90% of primary liver cancer cases. Recent studies have shown an increased expression
of denticles E3 ubiquitin protein ligase homolog (DTL) in several different tumor types, but
its function and regulatory mechanisms remain unclear.

Aims:

This study aimed to investigate the expressions of the Cullin4 (CUL4) complex in HCC and
elucidate the roles of DTL in HCC cells.

Methods:

The relative expression of the CUL4 complex and its clinical significance were analyzed
with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data, and the level of DTL was confirmed by immunohistochemistry.
The functions of DTL1 and upstream E2F1 were evaluated by a Western blot, MTT,
transwell, and xenograft in HCC cell lines.

Results:

The elevated mRNA expression of the CUL4 complex, including CUL4B, DDB1 (Damage
Specific DNA Binding Protein 1), and DTL, was associated with the overall survival of HCC patients.
We also found that the DTL protein was elevated in HCC tissues, and patients with highly expressed
DTL and nucleus-located DTL had a poorer survival time. DTL knockdown significantly inhibited
cancer proliferation, migration, and invasion. Further experiments showed that E2F1 was an upstream
regulatory molecule of DTL, which was bound to the promoter of DTL, promoting the expression of
DTL.

Conclusion:

The study results demonstrate that E2F1-DTL signaling promotes the growth, migration,
and invasion of HCC cells, which provides new insights and a potential biological target for future
HCC therapies