bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolution of sexual conflict in scorpionflies
Authors: Soszyńska-Maj Agnieszka , Krzemińska Ewa , Pérez-de la Fuente Ricardo , Wang Ji-Shen , Szpila Krzysztof , Skibińska Kornelia , Kopeć Katarzyna , Krzemiński Wiesław
Published: February 2022

Sexual conflict – opposite reproductive/genetic interests between sexes – can be a significant driver of insect evolution. Scorpionflies (Insecta: Mecoptera) are models in sexual conflict research due to their large variety of mating practices, including coercive behaviour and nuptial gift provisioning. However, the role of palaeontology in sexual conflict studies remains negligible, namely due to the paucity of well-preserved fossils. Here, we describe three male scorpionflies from Cretaceous and Eocene ambers. The structure of notal and postnotal organs is analysed in extant and extinct forms; a depression below the base of the notal organ in different panorpid species spatially matches the anterior fold of the female’s wing. Based on disparate abdominal configurations and correlations in extant relatives, we posit that each new fossil taxon had a different mating approach along a nuptial gifting-coercive spectrum. The Eocene specimen possesses extreme female clamping abdominal armature, suggesting a degree of sexual coercion greater than in any other known scorpionfly, extinct or extant. The fossil record of abdominal modifications in male scorpionflies documents a relatively late evolution (Eocene) of long notal organs indicating oppressive behaviour toward a female during mating. Our findings reveal a wider array of mating-related morphological specialisations among extinct Panorpoidea, likely reflecting more diversified past mating strategies and behaviours in this group, and represent first steps towards gaining a deep-time perspective on the evolution of sexual conflict over mating among insects.
Switch controllers of an n-link revolute manipulator with a prismatic end-effector for landmark navigation
Authors: Chand Ravinesh , Chand Ronal Pranil , Kumar Sandeep Ameet
Published: February 2022

Robotic arms play an indispensable role in multiple sectors such as manufacturing, transportation and healthcare to improve human livelihoods and make possible their endeavors and innovations, which further enhance the quality of our lives. This paper considers such a robotic arm comprised of n revolute links and a prismatic end-effector, where the articulated arm is anchored in a restricted workspace. A new set of stabilizing switched velocity-based continuous controllers was derived using the Lyapunov-based Control Scheme (LbCS) from the category of classical approaches where switching of these nonlinear controllers is invoked by a new rule. The switched controllers enable the end-effector of the robotic arm to navigate autonomously via a series of landmarks, known as hierarchal landmarks, and finally converge to its equilibrium state. The interaction of the inherent attributes of LbCS that are the safeness, shortness and smoothness of paths for motion planning bring about cost and time efficiency of the controllers. The stability of the switched system was proven using Branicky’s stability criteria for switched systems based on multiple Lyapunov functions and was numerically validated using the RK4 method (Runge–Kutta method). Finally, computer simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the continuous time-invariant velocity-based controllers.
Macroscopic Study of Temporoparietal Suture Closure at Autopsy for Estimation of Age
Authors: Kalsi Gagandeep , Singh Amandeep , Harish Dasari
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Age estimation is an integral part of identification of an individual which is needed for social and medicolegal purposes, whether in living, dead or in skeletal remains. Aim: To evaluate the utility of fusion of temporoparietal cranial suture for estimation of age at autopsy. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on the medicolegal postmortem cases that came to the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India during the period between October 2018 and July 2019. A total of 280 cases were studied. The fusion of temporoparietal suture was studied macroscopically during the routine postmortem examination. The temporoparietal suture was studied ectocranially and endocranially by dividing it into two equal parts (T1 and T2), and applying Acsadi-Nemeskeri scale (0-4). Mean and standard deviation were calculated for ectocranial and endocranial suture closure (left and right sides). Also, it was calculated for total mean of the segments (T1+T2) taken together on both sides. Actual age and the scored values were plotted in a linear regression curve and estimated age was calculated. Statistical analysis was carried out by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 22.0. Spearman’s correlation analysis was applied to determine the variable correlations. The p-values of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Estimated age for males and females was tested by Student’s t-test of significance. Results: Out of total 280 cases studied, maximum (219) were males. Maximum number of males and females were found to be in age group of 26 to 35 years. It was observed that closure commenced at the age of 18 to 25 years (Acsadi-Nemeskeri scale mean of 0.87, 0.84 for T1, T2, respectively on left side) and (Acsadi- Nemeskeri scale mean 0.84 for T1 and T2 on right side). Closure was not complete even at the age of 76 years and above (Acsadi- Nemeskeri scale mean 2.67, 2.50 for T1, T2, respectively on left side) and (mean 2.33, 2.67 for T1, T2, respectively on right side). Conclusion: From the present study, it can be concluded that endocranially temporoparietal suture was closed at 18 years and above of age and it was found unfused even at age of more than 76 years for the identification of an individual especially in advanced age, and was consistent with the studies conducted by various authors.
Pharmacovigilance in Geriatric Patient- A Prospective Observational Study Done in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Odisha, India
Authors: Sahoo Satyabrata , Dehury Suhasini , Pattnaik Kaliprasad , Mohapatra Namita , Maharana Dhirendra Nath
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Geriatrics is a speciality that focuses on healthcare of elderly people. Geriatric population is defined as people above 60 years of age. Geriatric population constitute 8.14% of total population in India. They have diverse physiological and pathological profiles which have an impact on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the administered drug. Very often they are under polypharmacy due to multisystem involvement and thereby subjected to numerous drug interactions and Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs). There are few studies conducted in India regarding ADRs in Geriatric Patients and none in Odisha, India. Aim: Pharmacovigilance study in Geriatric patients was taken up in a tertiary care hospital to assess the spectrum, cause, severity and preventability of ADRs. Materials and Methods: This prospective, observational study was conducted in Department of Pharmacology in collaboration with Departments of Geriatric Medicine, Medicine and Skin and Venereal Disease (VD) of SCB Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha, India. All geriatric patients (aged ≥60 years) diagnosed with ADR, from September 2016 to September 2018, were included. The detailed information of type of ADR and its characteristics were filled up in Suspected ADR Reporting Form. The prevalence and profile of ADRs in geriatric patients were studied. Their causality, severity and preventability were assessed by World Health Organisation-Uppsala Monitoring Centre (WHO-UMC) System, Modified Hartwig’s Severity Scale and Schumock and Thornton Preventability Scale, respectively. Results: A total of 236 geriatric ADRs were reported in two years, out of which, the most common ADRs were cutaneous 100 (42.4%), followed by metabolic 68 (28.8%) and Gastrointestional (GI) involvement 26 (11%). Out of the geriatric ADRs, 128 (54.2%) ADRs were possible, 65% were moderate in intensity and 70.3% ADRs were probably preventable. Conclusion: Cutaneous and metabolic ADRs were most common in geriatric patients in present study. Majority of ADRs were possibly caused due to the drug used, were of moderate intensity and probably preventable.
Diagnostic Accuracy of STANDARD Q COVID-19 Antigen Detection Kit in Comparison with RT-PCR Assay using Nasopharyngeal Samples in India
Authors: Aleem Seema , Zahoor Naziya , Jeelani Asif , Khan SM Salim
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Real-time Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) can be considered to be the gold standard for diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID- 19). Though it is highly accurate but has some limitations in terms of its use, which means that Rapid Antigen Tests (RAT) can support COVID-19 mitigation efforts. Aim: To estimate sensitivity, specificity and degree of agreement of STANDARD Q COVID-19 Antigen Detection Kit in comparison to real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India, in April 2021. Socio-demographic and clinical information was collected on a pretested schedule after which two consecutive nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from each subject. One sample was tested using the STANDARD Q COVID-19 antigen test and the other was tested using qRT-PCR. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated using standard formulas. Cohen’s Kappa was calculated and Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison. Results: The study included 473 subjects with a mean age of 38.4±12.2 years. Around 1/4th (124 subjects) of subjects were symptomatic at testing with the most common symptoms being fever (57.2%), cough (50%), sore throat (43%), myalgia (25%) and diarrhoea (13%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio were estimated to be 54.4%, 99.2%, 71.49 and 0.46, respectively. The Cohen’s Kappa between the two tests was 0.644. Cycle threshold value was significantly lower in subjects with symptoms and those with a positive rapid test among those positive on qRT-PCR. Conclusion: The STANDARD Q COVID-19 antigen test has a reasonable sensitivity, high specificity with a substantial inter- test agreement in comparison to qRT-PCR.
An Analysis of Japan’s Recent Economic Crisis: Lessons for Bangladesh
Authors: Mamun Mohammad , Rahman Md. Mizanur
Published: February 2022

Japan has experienced rapid growth during 1960-69, around 10.9%, whereas it started the development process from almost ‘zero’ after WWII. Since the independence of Bangladesh, the country has received a significant amount of contribution from Japan in various sectors. Japan is facing stagnation for over two decades. The economy started crippling with the collapse of stock and land prices in the mid-1980s through Bubble Economy. It slipped further due to the global financial crisis of 2008, which led to recession and deflation. For the last two decades, Bangladesh is also approaching a stable growth, around 6.5% per year, and has the ambition to achieve around 8% in the 8th five-year plan. Therefore, the study’s main objective is to explore why Japan cannot increase its inflation rate at its expectable level and its way out and to find out what sorts of policy Bangladesh should take for avoiding the Japanese type of economic crisis. The study applied qualitative methodology depending on Desktop/Secondary source-based research where available documents were reviewed critically. The findings indicate that Japan had tried to raise inflation by 2% through three arrows which are popularly known as Abenomics which are quantitative and qualitative monetary easing (QQE), fiscal expansion and structural reform. This policy failed since it did not consider the context of Japan. With an increasingly ageing population and decreasing population growth rate, Japan has a unique and distinguished demographic structure that affects the supply and demand side of the economy. Therefore, Bangladesh should not adopt any economic policy without considering its very own unique characteristics.
Physiological Aspect of Raktamokshana – A Critical Review
Authors: Andhare Radha , Dandekar Pradnya , Shrivas Yogita , Bankar Nandkishor , Patil Sachin
Published: February 2022

Raktamokshana refers to the letting of blood, which is used to treat a variety of diseases, particularly when there is raktadushti, as well as during physiological function. In Ayurveda surgery, the first complete rational, systematic description of raktamokshana for numerous ailments is stated. According to Acharya sushrut, a person who regularly takes bloodletting will not be impacted by ailments like as shopha (inflammation), twak dosha (skin problems), visarpa (erysipelas), granthi (tumour), and others. The primary goal of this research is to determine the most likely method of action and effect of raktamokshana.

A literary review is undertaken utilising electronic databases such as Pubmed, Google Scholar, IJAM, and Ayurveda classics such as Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtang Sangrah, and so on. The goal was to assess the effectiveness and implications of raktamokshana in treating pathological diseases and preserving physiological function. According to the study, both Ayurveda and current science explain that raktamokshana, or significant blood loss, activates / initiates a plethora of beneficial physiological mechanisms, making the body attentive and adaptive to deal with numerous systemic problems.
A Cross Sectional Study on Awareness of Risk Factors of Maternal Obesity among Women in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Krishnan S. Sivarama , Archana .
Published: February 2022

Background: There has been a rise in prevalence of obesity all around the world. Obesity during pregnancy has various adverse outcomes on both the child and mother. Maternal affects include pregnancy induced hypertension, gestational Diabetes, pre-eclampsia and foetal outcomes includes macrosomia, pre term birth and obstructed labour.

Aim: Of this study is to assess the knowledge and awareness of complications of obesity during pregnancy among women.

Materials and Methods: This is a cross sectional descriptive questionnaire study conducted among 384 women attending the out-patient’s department of obstetrics and gynaecology during a time period of January 2021 to June 2021.

Results: Average level of awareness was found among the participants. 53.3% women were aware and 46.6% participants were not aware of the adverse effects of maternal obesity.

Conclusion: In this study, it was observed that half of the participants were unaware, hence perinatal counselling and awareness camps needs to be conducted to raise the awareness and knowledge levels among general population for a healthier society.
Bilateral Hydrouteronephrosis Dilated Vur with Cystitis: A Case Study
Authors: Dighade Akash , Tivaskar Suhas , Luharia Anurag , Christian Ravi
Published: February 2022

Background: Hydroureteronephrosis is a blockage to free flow of urine from the kidney causes hydroureteronephrosis, which causes dilation of the renal pelvis, calyces, and ureter, resulting in gradual atrophy of the renal cortex. “Dilation of the ureter due to obstruction of urine outflow is called hydroureter”. Hydronephrosis produces a dull pain and discomfort in the lower abdomen due to increasing bladder distension. A continuous obstruction in the flow of urine can lead to high blood pressure, sepsis, urinary tract infection, hematuria, and renal failure.

Clinical Findings: Difficulty in passing urine since 2-3month, in situations of benign prostate enlargement, urinary frequency, a weak urine stream, and a sense of incomplete emptying, lack of appetite and fever (Temperature - 101˚F).

Diagnostic Assessment: Blood test: Hb – 9.1 gm%, Total RBC count – 5.04millions/cumm, RDW – 17.8%, HCT – 31.9%, Total WBC count – 11600/cumm, Monocytes – 04%, Granulocytes – 30%, Lymphocytes – 64%, AST(SGOT) – 45U/L. Peripheral Smear: RBCs – predominantly microcytic mildly hypochromic with mild anis poikilocytosis showing few pencil cells. Platelets – adequate on smear. No hemiparasite seen.

Ultrasonography: The right kidney measure is 5 x1.9cm and left is 5.6 x2.6cm shows mild dilation of pelvic-calyceal system. Left kidney shows mild hydronephrosis with renal pelvic diameter 1.06cm hydroureters seen up to left vesico-urethric junction. Bilateral uterus dilated up to lower end to UVR. Uterus bladder is thickened wall and distended Mild cystitis dilation of B/L dilated uterus and hydronephrosis with UVR.

Therapeutic Intervention: Syp Cefixime 2.5ml x BD, Syp. MVBC 5ml x BD, Syp. Calcimax 5ml x BD, Syp. Orofer 5ml x OD, Syp. Nitrofurantoin 2.5ml x BD, Inj. Metro 100mg x TDS, Inj. Pantop 40mg x OD, Inj. Ceftriaxone 500mg IV x B and IVF DNS with Inj. KCL stat.

Outcome: After treatment, the child show improvement. No complaint of fever, pain, and difficulty in urine pass and urine frequency .

Conclusion: The patient was hospitalized to AVBRH's Pediatric Ward No. 14 with Bilateral hydrouteronephrosis dilated VUR with cystitis. Her health begins to improve when he received proper therapy.
Cytohistological Correlation of Palpable Breast Lesions in a Tertiary Care Centre – A Retrospective Study
Authors: Asokan Lakshmi Priya , Reshmi G. , Sulochana Sonti
Published: February 2022

Background: Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death from cancer among women. WHO reported that around 1lakh new cases of carcinoma breast are diagnosed every year in India and about 70,218 deaths due to breast cancer was estimated in Indian women every year. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment plays an important role in decreasing the mortality due to breast cancer. Presenting complaint in majority of the cases is a palpable lump in the breast. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a simple, fast, inexpensive method and reliable. It is being used as a first line procedure for diagnosing breast lesions

Aim: This study is aimed to examine the cytological features of FNAC done on palpable breast lesions and to correlate the results of these breast FNAC with the corresponding tissue biopsy reports. Thereby we are determining the accuracy of reporting FNAC breast lesions in our hospital.

Material and Methods:  This is a 1-year retrospective study of breast lumps seen in Department of Pathology, Saveetha Medical College, Chennai. All patients who had FNAC of breast lumps with subsequent histological confirmation over this period are included in this study. Cytological diagnosis was categorized as benign, inflammatory, suspicious for malignancy, positive for malignancy and inadequate and compared with histopathological diagnosis for correlation. Statistical analysis was done to test sensitivity specificity, positive predictive value and accuracy.

Results: This is a 1-year retrospective study of breast lumps seen in Department of Pathology, Saveetha Medical College, Chennai. All patients who had FNAC of breast lumps with subsequent histological confirmation over this period are included in this study. Cytological diagnosis were categorized as benign, inflammatory, suspicious for malignancy, positive for malignancy and inadequate and compared with histopathological diagnosis for correlation. Statistical analysis was done to test sensitivity specificity, positive predictive value and accuracy

Conclusion: FNAC is a quicker, easier, inexpensive, safe and readily acceptable procedure. Though definitive specific diagnosis may not be possible by cytology, but it can be categorized and differential diagnosis can be derived. So, to conclude, Aspiration cytology can be done as a first line procedure but cannot be considered as a substitute for histopathology.
A Cross Sectional Study on Prevalence of Postpartum Depression among Recently Delivered Women in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Chennai, India
Authors: Sita V. K. , Meenakshi .
Published: February 2022

Background: Postpartum depression is a common type of depression most people are not much aware and the most important causes being poverty, unwanted child/gender, marital disharmony and lack of family support.

Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of postpartum depression among recently delivered women in a tertiary care hospital in an urban setup.

Methodology: It was a cross sectional type of study in urban population in a tertiary care hospital in Chennai. Data on postpartum depression was collected using Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EDPS).

Results: A total 165 postpartum women participated in the study. The prevalence of postpartum depression was found to be 19.23% (an EPDS score of 10 and above) and it was noted in our study that none of these women sort to any medical help.

Conclusion: The study shows prevalence of postpartum depression is quite high and none of those women seeked appropriate medical help. All health care professionals have to be trained to raise awareness, detect and treat postpartum depression among women promptly.
A Review on Medicinal Properties of Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy)-The Magic Herb
Authors: Sushma . , Reena . , Shivali .
Published: February 2022

Since the advent of human civilization, plants have been rich sources of medications. A survey of constituent compounds present in Tinospora cordifolia and their pharmacological activities is discussed in this paper, since there has been a developing interest for plant based drugs, wellbeing items,drugs, foods supplements, makeup and so on in the present era. Tinospora cordifolia is a standard restorative plant which is used in a couple of standard meds to fix various contaminations. It is regularly known by the names Amrita and Guduchi and falls in the group Menispermaceae. It has been used in the treatment of a lot of illnesses like skin sickness infection, diabetes, fever, urinary issue, and diarrhea and is viewed as one of the most fundamental herbal plant in the Indian system of medicines(ISM).An attempt is made in the current review to explore the pharmacological & phytochemistry effectiveness of T.cordifolia.
Correlation between Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Level and Various Prostatic Diseases on Biopsies: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Padmapriya B. S. , Harikrishnan Volga
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The prostate is a pear-shaped glandular organ that adds part of fluid to semen. The prostate consists of stromal and glandular components. Prostate needle biopsy is performed either transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided or transurethral routes. PSA is a glycoprotein produced by secretory cells. Normally the PSA levels are less than 4.0ng/ml.

Aim: The main aim of the study is to find out the correlation between various pathological lesions occur in the prostate and serum Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) level.

Study Design: A retrospective study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pathology,Saveetha Medical college and Hospital, between January 2019 and December 2019.

Methodology: A retrospective study of 84 prostatic biopsies for a period of 1 year in the year 2019 was carried out. All specimens subjected for histopathological examination and the relevant clinical data and Serum PSA values correlation was done.

Results: Commonest age group being 61-70 years. Difficulty in micturition was the most common presentation .Most common lesion found was Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy(BPH) constituting 67 cases (71.42%) followed by BPH with prostatitis 17 cases (20.23%), adenocarcinoma 6 cases (7.14%) and 1 case of Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (PIN) (1.19%). BPH patients, had S.PSA levels in the range of 4.1-15 ng/ml. Three cases of adenocarcinoma showed very high levels of S.PSA (>100 ng/ml) with the Gleason score of 9(5+4).

Conclusion: Both benign and malignant pathologies can cause an increase in serum PSA levels, but the chances of finding malignancy increases with rising values of PSA. But in the management of prostatic cancer the histopathological diagnosis and grading plays a definitive role.
Main cardiac complications in elderly infected by SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review / Principais complicações cardíacas em idosos infectados pelo SARS-CoV-2: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Lemos Fernanda Abade , De Almeida Márcio Cerqueira
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: compreender as principais complicações ocasionadas pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2 no sistema cardíaco do público idoso. Métodos: trata-se de uma revisão sistemática da literatura de abordagem qualitativa e característica descritivo-exploratória realizada no ano de 2020. Resultados: as complicações cardíacas mais prevalentes na população idosa foram miocardite, arritmias, insuficiência cardíaca, infarto agudo, choque cardiogênico, lesão miocárdica aguda e parada cardiorrespiratória. O principal biomarcador cardíaco foi a troponina, apresentando elevação superior ao percentil 99°, evidenciando a necessidade de tratamento em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Considerações Finais: o aparecimento desse vírus causou grande prejuízo no campo da saúde, especialmente a população idosa, que apresenta risco elevado de óbito ao contrair essa doença. Destarte, é de extrema importância se ater a mensuração da troponina sérica no público alvo e realizar monitorização longitudinal, utilizando para tal a telecardiologia, uma vez que diminuem as chances de contaminação entre infectado e profissional de saúde.
Partner perception and participation in prenatal and birth care / Percepção e participação do parceiro na assistência pré-natal e nascimento
Authors: De Souza Santos Rubia Mariana , Francisqueti Marquete Verônica , Cazetta de Lima Vieira Viviane , Leopoldo de Freitas Goes Herbert , De Oliveira Moura Débora Regina , Silva Marcon Sonia
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: compreender a percepção do parceiro sobre sua experiência e participação na assistência pré-natal e nascimento. Método: estudo de abordagem qualitativa realizado com 26 pais abordados no período de outubro a novembro de 2020, mediante entrevistas por mídia digital áudio gravadas. Utilizada análise de conteúdo, modalidade temática. Resultados: emergiram três categorias as quais mostram que eles tiveram pouca participação nas consultas de pré-natal e que desconhecem o “pré-natal do parceiro”. Em geral, demonstram gratidão pela assistência durante o parto, mas poucos relataram ter recebido informações relacionadas à educação em saúde. Considerações finais: os homens reconhecem que como pais, têm responsabilidade em acompanhar a assistência pré-natal,  percebem os benefícios desta participação, mas não se sentem acolhidos e nem incentivados a participar e não têm suas necessidades de saúde consideradas, o que precisa ser revisto pelos profissionais de saúde, em especial o enfermeiro.
Hospitalizations and deaths by Diabetes Mellitus / Internações e óbitos por Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Arrais Kamilla Rocha , Máximo Luan Wesley Marques , Rodrigues Alessandra dos Santos de Araújo , Silva Maiara Soares Gomes da , Sousa Sandy Soares de , Araujo Filho Augusto Cezar Antunes de
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: analisar o perfil das internações e da mortalidade por Diabetes Mellitus no Piauí entre os anos de 2015 e 2019. Método: estudo transversal, descritivo e quantitativo, realizado através de dados secundários referentes aos anos de 2015 a 2019, extraídos do site do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde. A população do estudo foi composta por todas as hospitalizações e óbitos por Diabetes Mellitus de pessoas residentes no Estado do Piauí. Resultados: Foram registradas 18.361 hospitalizações por Diabetes Mellitus, das quais 527 evoluíram a óbito, com taxa de mortalidade de 2,87 por 100 internações. As hospitalizações predominaram em mulheres, pardas e com idade entre 60 e 69 anos. Nos óbitos houve predomínio entre as mulheres, pardas e idosas. Conclusão: para reduzir a morbimortalidade por Diabetes Mellitus é preciso fortalecer a Atenção Primária à Saúde a fim de melhorar a assistência e, assim, o rastreamento e tratamento.
Quality of life according to the most prevalent comorbidities in the elderly with the acquired immunodeficiency virus / Qualidade de vida segundo comorbidades mais prevalentes em idosos com o vírus da imunodeficiência adquirida
Authors: Araújo Kydja Milene Souza Torres de , Silva Suelane Renata Renata de Andrade , Melo Givânya Bezerra de , Campos Leal Márcia Carréra , Marques Ana Paula de Oliveira , Baptista Rosilene Santos
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: avaliar a qualidade de vida segundo as comorbidades mais prevalentes em idosos com HIV. Método: estudo transversal realizado com 241 idosos de ambos os sexos usuários dos serviços de referência para acompanhamento do paciente com HIV. Os dados foram obtidos por meio da entrevista face a face com o preenchimento de um questionário sociodemográfico e clínico além do HIV/AIDS Target-Quality of life. Resultados: as três comorbidades mais prevalentes foram hipertensão, diabetes e osteoporose e dentre todas as comorbidades encontradas, apenas a hipertensão e o diabetes não apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significante com nenhuma das dimensões do HIV/AIDS Target-Quality of life. Conclusão: osteoporose e osteoartrose são as comorbidades que tem impacto em mais dimensões da qualidade de vida.
Association Between Handover of Anesthesiology Care and 1-Year Mortality Among Adults Undergoing Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Sun Louise Y. , Jones Philip M. , Wijeysundera Duminda N. , Mamas Mamas A. , Bader Eddeen Anan , O’Connor John
Published: February 2022

Importance

Handovers of anesthesia care from one anesthesiologist to another is an important intraoperative event. Despite its association with adverse events after noncardiac surgery, its impact in the context of cardiac surgery remains unclear.

Objective

To compare the outcomes of patients who were exposed to anesthesia handover vs those who were unexposed to anesthesia handover during cardiac surgery.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study in Ontario, Canada, included Ontario residents who were 18 years or older and had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting or aortic, mitral, tricuspid valve, or thoracic aorta surgical procedures between 2008 and 2019. Exclusion criteria were non-Ontario residency status and other concomitant procedures. Statistical analysis was conducted from April 2021 to June 2021, and data collection occurred between November 2020 to January 2021.

Exposures

Complete handover of anesthesia care, where the case is completed by the replacement anesthesiologist.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The coprimary outcomes were mortality within 30 days and 1 year after surgery. Secondary outcomes were patient-defined adverse cardiac and noncardiac events (PACE), intensive care unit (ICU), and hospital lengths of stay (LOS). Inverse probability of treatment weighting based on the propensity score was used to estimate adjusted effect measures. Mortality was assessed using a Cox proportional hazard model, PACE using a cause-specific hazard model with death as a competing risk, and LOS using Poisson regression.

Results

Of the 102 156 patients in the cohort, 25 207 (24.7%) were women; the mean (SD) age was 66.4 (10.8) years; and 72 843 of surgical procedures (71.3%) were performed in teaching hospitals. Handover occurred in 1926 patients (1.9%) and was associated with higher risks of 30-day mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.89; 95% CI, 1.41-2.54) and 1-year mortality (HR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.31-2.12), as well as longer ICU (risk ratio [RR], 1.43; 95% CI, 1.22-1.68) and hospital (RR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.06-1.28) LOS. There was no statistically significant association between handover and PACE (30 days: HR 1.09; 95% CI, 0.79-1.49; 1 year: HR 0.89; 95% CI, 0.70-1.13).

Conclusions and Relevance

Handover of anesthesia care during cardiac surgical procedures was associated with higher 30-day and 1-year mortality rates and increased health care resource use. Further research is needed to evaluate and systematically improve the handover process qualitatively.
A transit portal dosimetry method for respiratory gating quality assurance with a dynamic 3D printed tumor phantom
Authors: Tan Hong Qi , Koh Calvin Wei Yang , Tan Lloyd Kuan Rui , Lew Kah Seng , Chua Clifford Ghee Ann , Ang Khong Wei , Lee James Cheow Lei , Park Sung Yong
Published: February 2022

Backgrounds

Respiratory gating is one of the motion management techniques that is used to deliver radiation dose to a tumor at a specific position under free breathing. However, due to the dynamic feedback process of this approach, regular equipment quality assurance (QA) and patient‐specific QA checks need to be performed. This work proposes a new QA methodology using electronic portal imaging detector (EPID) to determine the target localization accuracy of phase gating.

Methods

QA tools comprising 3D printed spherical tumor phantoms, programmable stages, and an EPID detector are characterized and assembled. Algorithms for predicting portal dose (PD) through moving phantoms are developed and verified using gamma analysis for two spherical tumor phantoms (2 cm and 4 cm), two different 6 MV volumetric modulated arc therapy plans, and two different gating windows (30%–70% and 40%–60%). Comparison between the two gating windows is then performed using the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test. An optimizer routine, which is used to determine the optimal window, based on maximal gamma passing rate (GPR), was applied to an actual breathing curve and breathing plan. This was done to ascertain if our method yielded a similar result with the actual gating window.

Results

High GPRs of more than 97% and 91% were observed when comparing the predicted PD with the measured PD in moving phantom at 2 mm/2% and 1 mm/1% levels, respectively. Analysis of gamma heatmaps shows an excellent agreement with the tumor phantom.

The GPR of 40%–60% PD was significantly lower than that of the 30%–70% PD at the 1 mm/1% level (p = 0.0064). At the 2 mm/2% level, no significant differences were observed. The optimizer routine could accurately predict the center of the gating window to within a 10% range.

Conclusion

We have successfully performed and verified a new method for QA with the use of a moving phantom with EPID for phase gating with real‐time position management.
Gate‐Deterministic Remote Doping Enables Highly Retentive Graphene‐MXene Hybrid Memory Devices on Plastic
Authors: Kim Seongchan , Jo Sae Byeok , Kim Jihyun , Rhee Dongjoon , Choi Yoon Young , Kim Do Hwan , Kang Joohoon , Cho Jeong Ho
Published: February 2022

In this work, a highly retentive and synaptic‐functional transistor memory device architecture based on the gate‐deterministic remote doping of graphene via surface‐oxidized Ti3C2TX MXene nano‐floating‐gates (NFG) is presented. By using solution‐phase size‐sorting followed by controlled surface oxidation process, a regulated distribution of MXene nanoflakes comprising metallic Ti3C2TX as the core surrounded by TiO2‐a high dielectric constant insulator‐as the shell is achieved. The size‐sorted core/shell‐like MXene nanoflakes show a self‐sustainable charge trapping/detrapping behavior, which is highly feasible for realizing non‐embed NFGs for transistor memory devices. Interestingly, unlike the conventional NFG‐embedded architecture, the introduction of core/shell‐like MXene under an electrolyte‐gated graphene field‐effect transistor (GFET) architecture induces a cooperative evolution of the hysteresis loop associated with ionic motion in the electrolyte gates and charge trapping/detrapping in the nanoflakes, resulting in a deterministic remote doping of the graphene layer. The resulting device exhibited a highly retentive memory behavior, which can be optimized by the nanoflake size distribution. In addition, synaptic functions having mechanical flexibility can be successfully emulated using MXene‐based GFETs fabricated on a flexible polyethylene naphthalate substrate.
A New Era of Integrative Ice Frozen Assembly into Multiscale Architecturing of Energy Materials
Authors: Yeon Jeong Seok , Gupta Nisha , Bhattacharya Pallab , Park Ho Seok
Published: February 2022

The ice templating assembly has been investigated to construct macroporous channels of functional nanomaterials with well‐defined homogeneous morphology. Recently, this templating method has been revisited integrating with other materials’ synthesis and processing methodologies (such as, spinning, spraying, filtration, hydrothermal, oxygenation, gelation, and 3D printing) for electrochemical energy conversion and storage applications. Herein, the recent progress on “integrative ice frozen assembly” focusing on the hierarchical structures and chemistries of functional nanomaterials such as, organic, inorganic, carbon, and composite materials for a rational design of energy application‐oriented materials is comprehensively reviewed. This integrative process allows functional nanomaterials to be assembled into various dimensions, such as, 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D macrostructures, as well as, into larger bulk objects such as, fibers, films, monoliths, and powders. The fundamental understanding of the integrative ice frozen assembly is thermodynamically and kinetically discussed with the help of primitive freeze casting domain knowledge and the energy conversion and storage performances of the as‐designed electrodes with their hierarchical structures and chemistries are further correlated. The applications of the as‐assembled electrodes into batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells, and electrocatalysis are also addressed. Finally, the perspective on the current impediments and future directions in this field is discussed.
Superior Nonlinear Optical Response in Non‐Centrosymmetric Stacking Edge‐Rich Spiral MoTe2 Nanopyramids
Authors: Ouyang Decai , Tong Xipeng , Liu Shenghong , Wang Jing , Zhao Yang , Liu Ran , Zhao Xuan , Zhang Na , Cao Fengren , Liu Youwen , Li Yuan , Li Liang , Zhai Tianyou
Published: February 2022

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are of great promise for various nonlinear optical (NLO) applications due to their unique electronic and optoelectronic properties, such as tunable optical bandgap, strong spin–orbit coupling, and exciton effects. However, the desired NLO performances of regular 2H‐TMDs are usually restricted by their limited absorption at atomic thickness. With this regard, a structurally novel spiral MoTe2 (s‐MoTe2) nanopyramids is reported with unique and superior NLO response, enabled by their broken inversion symmetry, weak interlayer coupling, exciton resonance, and strong light–matter interaction from the edge‐rich 3R‐like quasi‐multilayer structure. The excellent NLO response over a wide spectral range from the near‐infrared to visible region is demonstrated, where second‐ and third‐order NLO responses have been simultaneously observed. Moreover, the second‐order nonlinear susceptibility of s‐MoTe2 is estimated to be around 1–2 order(s) of magnitude larger than those of most reported TMDs. The demonstration of a superior NLO response in such s‐MoTe2 not only paves a new way for designing the best NLO TMD structures, but also greatly prompts their practical applications in micro–nano NLO devices on chips in future.
Redox‐Active Metaphosphate‐Like Terminals Enable High‐Capacity MXene Anodes for Ultrafast Na‐Ion Storage
Authors: Sun Boya , Lu Qiongqiong , Chen Kaixuan , Zheng Wenhao , Liao Zhongquan , Lopatik Nikolaj , Li Dongqi , Hantusch Martin , Zhou Shengqiang , Wang Hai I. , Sofer Zdeněk , Brunner Eike , Zschech Ehrenfried , Bonn Mischa , Dronskowski Richard , Mikhailova Daria , Liu Qinglei , Zhang Di , Yu Minghao , Feng Xinliang
Published: February 2022

2D transition metal carbides and/or nitrides, so‐called MXenes, are noted as ideal fast‐charging cation‐intercalation electrode materials, which nevertheless suffer from limited specific capacities. Herein, it is reported that constructing redox‐active phosphorus−oxygen terminals can be an attractive strategy for Nb4C3 MXenes to remarkably boost their specific capacities for ultrafast Na+ storage. As revealed, redox‐active terminals with a stoichiometric formula of PO2‐ display a metaphosphate‐like configuration with each P atom sustaining three PO bonds and one PO dangling bond. Compared with conventional O‐terminals, metaphosphate‐like terminals empower Nb4C3 (denoted PO2‐Nb4C3) with considerably enriched carrier density (fourfold), improved conductivity (12.3‐fold at 300 K), additional redox‐active sites, boosted Nb redox depth, nondeclined Na+‐diffusion capability, and buffered internal stress during Na+ intercalation/de‐intercalation. Consequently, compared with O‐terminated Nb4C3, PO2‐Nb4C3 exhibits a doubled Na+‐storage capacity (221.0 mAh g‐1), well‐retained fast‐charging capability (4.9 min at 80% capacity retention), significantly promoted cycle life (nondegraded capacity over 2000 cycles), and justified feasibility for assembling energy−power‐balanced Na‐ion capacitors. This study unveils that the molecular‐level design of MXene terminals provides opportunities for developing simultaneously high‐capacity and fast‐charging electrodes, alleviating the energy−power tradeoff typical for energy‐storage devices.
Micrometer‐Sized SiMgyOx with Stable Internal Structure Evolution for High‐Performance Li‐Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Tian Yi‐Fan , Li Ge , Xu Di‐Xin , Lu Zhuo‐Ya , Yan Ming‐Yan , Wan Jing , Li Jin‐Yi , Xu Quan , Xin Sen , Wen Rui , Guo Yu‐Guo
Published: February 2022

In recent years, micrometer‐sized Si‐based anode materials have attracted intensive attention in the pursuit of energy‐storage systems with high energy and low cost. However, the significant volume variation during repeated electrochemical (de)alloying processes will seriously damage the bulk structure of SiOx microparticles, resulting in rapid performance fade. This work proposes to address the challenge by preparing in situ magnesium‐doped SiOx (SiMgyOx) microparticles with stable structural evolution against Li uptake/release. The homogeneous distribution of magnesium silicate in SiMgyOx contributes to building a bonding network inside the particle so that it raises the modulus of lithiated state and restrains the internal cracks due to electrochemical agglomeration of nano‐Si. The prepared micrometer‐sized SiMgyOx anode shows high reversible capacities, stable cycling performance, and low electrode expansion at high areal mass loading. A 21700 cylindrical‐type cell based on the SiMgyOx‐graphite anode and LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 cathode demonstrates a 1000‐cycle operation life using industry‐recognized electrochemical test procedures, which meets the practical storage requirements for consumer electronics and electric vehicles. This work provides insights on the reasonable structural design of micrometer‐sized alloying anode materials toward realization of high‐performance Li‐ion batteries.
Shape Memory Alloy‐Based Soft Amphibious Robot Capable of Seal‐Inspired Locomotion
Authors: Hwang Jonghyun , Wang Wei Dawid
Published: February 2022

Robots are often required to have multimodal and amphibious capabilities for dynamic environments. Although shape memory alloy (SMA) has been exploited in creating various types of deformation in soft actuators, no SMA‐based multimodal soft amphibious robot has been reported. This study describes a soft amphibious robot made of SMA‐based soft actuators that mimics the terrestrial and subaqueous motion of crawling seals. The soft amphibious robot named SEALicone exhibits two gaits, crawling terrestrial locomotion and oscillatory underwater propulsion. The robot consists of two types of SMA‐based soft actuators: the backbone actuator with wave‐like deformation and the support actuator with fusiform deformation. These actuators in the robot collectively deform allowing the robot to generate distinct locomotion styles that mimic those of the crawling seals. Straight advance and turning motions of the robot in both environments are evaluated, and the transitional motion between the two environments is also demonstrated. This study lays the important groundwork in designing multimodal soft robots that can operate across different environments.
Dehydrogenation of N‐Heterocyclic Compounds Using H2O2 and Mediated by Polar Solvents
Authors: Llopis Natalia , Gisbert Patricia , Baeza Alejandro , Correa‐Campillo Jara
Published: February 2022

The oxidative dehydrogenation of N‐heterocyclic compounds by using H2O2 as oxidant in combination with polar solvents such as 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and H2O is described. Among these two solvents, the best yields for the heteroaromatic compounds were generally achieved in HFIP. However, it is remarkable, that the use of a non toxic solvent such as H2O gave such good yields. Furthermore, the procedure was implemented in larger‐scale and HFIP was distilled from the reaction mixture and reused (up to 5 cycles) without a significant detriment in the reaction outcome.

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Immunogenicity of a 5‐dose pneumococcal vaccination schedule following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Garcia Garrido Hannah M. , Haggenburg Sabine , Schoordijk Marieke C. E. , Meijer Ellen , Tanck Michael W. T. , Hazenberg Mette D. , Rutten Caroline E. , de Bree Godelieve J. , Nur Erfan , Meek Bob , Grobusch Martin P. , Goorhuis Abraham
Published: February 2022

The optimal schedule of pneumococcal vaccination after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) remains controversial. The objective of this study was to investigate the immunogenicity of a 5‐dose pneumococcal vaccination schedule in adult allo‐HSCT recipients with and without immunosuppressive therapy. In this prospective cohort study, allo‐HSCT recipients received four doses of the 13‐valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) and one dose of the 23‐valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) starting 4–6 months after allo‐HSCT. PCV13 was administered at T0, T1, T2, and T8 (T = months from enrollment) and PPSV23 at T10. Serum was collected at T0, T4, T8, T10, and T12, and IgG levels were measured for all 24 vaccine serotypes by immunoassay. The primary outcome was overall seroprotection at T12 defined as an IgG concentration ≥1.3 μg/ml for 17/24 vaccine serotypes in allo‐HCST recipients with and without immunosuppressive therapy at baseline. Secondary outcomes were serotype‐specific seroprotection and dynamics of IgG levels. We included 89 allo‐HSCT recipients in the final analysis. Overall seroprotection was 47% (15/32) for patients without immunosuppressive therapy at baseline versus 24% (11/46) for patients with immunosuppressive therapy (p = .03). Seroprotection was higher for PCV13 serotypes (78% and 54% respectively; p = .03) and lower for PPSV23‐unique serotypes (28% and 13% respectively; p = .1). IgG concentrations increased significantly over time for all 24 serotypes. Concluding, although immunogenicity of PCV13 serotypes was reasonable, the poor response to PPSV23 serotypes resulted in an insufficient overall response to pneumococcal vaccination for allo‐HSCT recipients. Research into vaccination strategies with higher‐valent T‐cell‐dependent pneumococcal vaccines is needed.