bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Transcriptomics Approach to Analyzing the Differences in Cold Resistance in Pomacea canaliculata between Guangdong and Hunan
Authors: Liu Jing , Sun Zhiying , Wang Zhi , Peng Yuande
Published: August 2020

Pomacea canaliculata, known as an invasive freshwater snail, is also called a golden apple snail; its survival and expansion are greatly affected by temperature. In this study, high-throughput sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to perform comparative transcriptome analysis on the muscular tissue (G_M) of snails in Guangdong and Hunan. Differential gene screening was performed with FDR <0.05 and |log2FoldChange| >1 as the threshold, and a total of 1,368 differential genes were obtained (671 genes showed upregulation in snails from Guangdong, and 697 genes displayed upregulation in snails from Hunan). Fifteen genes were identified as candidate genes for the cold hardiness of Pomacea canaliculata. Among them, three genes were involved in energy metabolism (glycogen synthase, 1; DGK, 1; G6PD, 1); seven genes were involved in homeostasis regulation (HSP70, 2; BIP, 1; GPX, 1; GSTO 1, G6PD, 1; caspase-9, 1); two genes were involved in amino acid metabolism (glutamine synthetase, 1; PDK, 1); and four genes were involved in membrane metabolism (inositol-3-phosphate synthase, 1; Na+/K+-ATPase, 1; calcium-binding protein, 2). This study presents the molecular mechanisms for the cold hardiness of Pomacea canaliculata, which could provide a scientific basis for the forecast and prevention of harm from Pomacea canaliculata.
Numerical Simulation of Fracture Behavior of Brittle Solids under I/III Loading
Authors: Zhang Zhitao , Wang Haijun , Yu Shuyang
Published: August 2020

This study used numerical analysis to carry out a large number of numerical model calculations based on a new semicircular bend (SCB) model. Instead of existing numerical computation methods (J‐integral), the M‐integral method was used to calculate the mixed mode fracture parameters (KI, KII, and KIII), investigate the influence of the geometry and material parameters on the fracture behavior under mixed mode I/III loading, and predict the fracture path. The results revealed that the limitations in the scope of the mixity parameter Me in the previous studies can be overcome to a certain extent. The range of Me was established under different Poisson ratios and can be used as a reference for actual material testing. The simulation path is in good agreement with the experimentally obtained fracture path, and the proposed method can be used to simulate the fracture path under mixed mode I/III loading.
Methodology for Hydrogeochemical Sampling to Characterise Groundwaters in Crystalline Bedrock: Developments Made within the Swedish Radwaste Programme
Authors: Nilsson Ann-Chatrin , Gimeno María J. , Tullborg Eva-Lena , Smellie John , Jönsson Stig , Puigdomenech Ignasi , Berg Cecilia
Published: August 2020

The search by SKB (Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co.) for a site to locate the deep geological repository for spent nuclear fuel in Sweden has involved geoscientific investigations at several locations since the 1970s. The objectives were to characterise geologically a bedrock volume as well as its hydrogeology and hydrochemistry. To acquire high-quality hydrogeochemical data, a complete system for groundwater sampling and analysis, as well as for interpretation strategies, has been developed through a continuous process of modification and refinement. Since the largest part of the Swedish bedrock is composed of granitoids, the site investigations had to adapt to the special difficulties of fractured crystalline rocks. This paper discusses the problems with groundwater sampling that are specific to fractured crystalline rocks and describes the solutions adopted and methods developed by SKB since the early 2000s during the site investigations. The methodology described in this paper for the characterisation of deep groundwaters in crystalline rocks is not only applicable in the context of radioactive waste disposal but also useful when sampling groundwaters for any purpose in such rocks. Sampling of groundwaters in fractured rocks at depth, often down to approximately 1,000 m, involves special challenges since the natural conditions of the groundwater are easily disturbed, especially by the initial drilling, but also by every subsequent activity performed in the borehole, including the actual groundwater sampling. The sampling strategy presented in this paper shows that planning of the sampling preferably starts already when the drilling procedure is decided. Each following step is described in detail and includes tracing the drilling fluid, selecting the best borehole sections to sample, procedures for the actual sampling, and selection of analytical protocol; all this with the goal of taking representative samples. Although the evaluation of the sampling uncertainties is not a straightforward procedure, an adequate categorisation routine has been established to classify groundwater samples regarding sample quality, representativeness, and suitability for further interpretations and modelling.
HYBRID-CNN: An Efficient Scheme for Abnormal Flow Detection in the SDN-Based Smart Grid
Authors: Ding Pengpeng , Li Jinguo , Wang Liangliang , Wen Mi , Guan Yuyao
Published: August 2020

Software-Defined Network (SDN) can improve the performance of the power communication network and better meet the control demand of the Smart Grid for its centralized management. Unfortunately, the SDN controller is vulnerable to many potential network attacks. The accurate detection of abnormal flow is especially important for the security and reliability of the Smart Grid. Prior works were designed based on traditional machine learning methods, such as Support Vector Machine and Naive Bayes. They are simple and shallow feature learning, with low accuracy for large and high-dimensional network flow. Recently, there have been several related works designed based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and they show excellent ability on network flow analysis. However, these methods cannot get the deep features from network flow, resulting in low accuracy. To address the above problems, we propose a Hybrid Convolutional Neural Network (HYBRID-CNN) method. Specifically, the HYBRID-CNN utilizes a Deep Neural Network (DNN) to effectively memorize global features by one-dimensional (1D) data and utilizes a CNN to generalize local features by two-dimensional (2D) data. Finally, the proposed method is evaluated by experiments on the datasets of UNSW_NB15 and KDDCup 99. The experimental results show that the HYBRID-CNN significantly outperforms existing methods in terms of accuracy and False Positive Rate (FPR), which successfully demonstrates that it can effectively detect abnormal flow in the SDN-based Smart Grid.
Frequency Aliasing-Based Spatial-Wavenumber Filter for Online Damage Monitoring
Authors: Liu Bin , Liu Tingzhang , Zhao Jianfei , Hang Dan
Published: August 2020

The spatial-wavenumber filter method can extract the specific mode of the Lamb wave, thereby distinguishing the incident wave and the damage reflection wave. This method has been widely studied for damage imaging. However, the diameter of piezoelectric transducer (PZT) sensor limits the spatial sampling wavenumber of the linear PZT sensor array, which limits the application of this method because of the Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem. Therefore, the wavenumber filtering range of spatial-wavenumber filter should be less than half of the spatial sampling wavenumber. In this paper, a frequency aliasing based spatial-wavenumber filter for online damage monitoring is proposed. In this method, the wavenumber filtering range is extended to the spatial sampling wavenumber, and two wavenumber results will be calculated as for the frequency aliasing. Subsequently, the wavenumber of the received Lamb wave signal can be obtained according to the average arrival time difference between the two adjacent sensors in the linear PZT sensor array. Finally, the damage is localized using the spatial-wavenumber filter and cruciform PZT sensor array. This method was validated on an epoxy laminate plate. The maximum damage localization errors are less than 2 cm. It is indicated that this method can extend the spatial-wavenumber filtering range to the spatial sampling wavenumber and the application of spatial-wavenumber filter-based online damage monitoring.
Research on the Simulation Application of Data Mining in Urban Spatial Structure
Authors: Zhang Jun , Sui Xin , He Xiong
Published: August 2020

Data mining and simulation of the Internet of things (IOT) have been applied more and more widely in the rapidly developing urban research discipline. Urban spatial structure is an important field that needs to be explored in the sustainable urban development, while data mining is relatively rare in the research of urban spatial structure. In this study, 705,747 POI (Point of Interest) were used to conduct simulation analysis of western cities in China by mining the data of online maps. Through kernel density analysis and spatial correlation index, the distribution and aggregation characteristics of different types of POI data in urban space were analyzed and the spatial analysis and correlation characteristics among different functional centers of the city were obtained. The spatial structure of the city is characterized by “multicenters and multigroups”, and the distribution of multicenters is also shown in cities with different functional types. The development degree of different urban centers varies significantly, but most of them are still in their infancy. Data mining of Internet of things (IOT) has good adaptability in city simulation and will play an important role in urban research in the future.
Families’ Experiences Living with Acquired Brain Injury: “Thinking Family”—A Nursing Pathway for Family-Centered Care
Authors: Karpa Jane , Chernomas Wanda , Roger Kerstin , Heinonen Tuula
Published: August 2020

The objective of this study was to examine families’ experiences living with acquired brain injury (ABI) using a research approach that included both the affected individual family member and the family together as a family group. A narrative inquiry study, informed by the life-stage approach of Lieblich, Tuval-Mashiach, and Zilber, was used to obtain family stories. Families experiencing an ABI event were purposefully selected from different regions in a western Canadian province. Centered on the life stages of before the ABI event, now living with the ABI, and the future, thematic findings included: Families, a grounding force; Losses, individual and family; Family adaptive capacities; Experiences with the healthcare system-hospital to home; and A patchwork future-entering the unknown. Themes affirmed the significant impacts of ABI on individual and family members and acknowledged ABI as an ambiguous loss event. The findings also illuminated families’ strengths and resiliencies in coping with living with ABI. The study results suggest by “thinking family” nurses can contribute towards a healthcare model that focuses on “family” as the central unit of care.
Anomaly Event Detection in Security Surveillance Using Two-Stream Based Model
Authors: Hao Wangli , Zhang Ruixian , Li Shancang , Li Junyu , Li Fuzhong , Zhao Shanshan , Zhang Wuping
Published: August 2020

Anomaly event detection has been extensively researched in computer vision in recent years. Most conventional anomaly event detection methods can only leverage the single-modal cues and not deal with the complementary information underlying other modalities in videos. To address this issue, in this work, we propose a novel two-stream convolutional networks model for anomaly detection in surveillance videos. Specifically, the proposed model consists of RGB and Flow two-stream networks, in which the final anomaly event detection score is the fusion of those of two networks. Furthermore, we consider two fusion situations, including the fusion of two streams with the same or different number of layers respectively. The design insight is to leverage the information underlying each stream and the complementary cues of RGB and Flow two-stream sufficiently. Two datasets (UCF-Crime and ShanghaiTech) are used to validate the effectiveness of proposed solution.
Accidental and Deliberate Self-Poisoning with Medications and Medication Errors among Children in Rural Sri Lanka
Authors: Dayasiri Kavinda , Jayamanne S. F. , Jayasinghe C. Y.
Published: August 2020

Context. Pharmaceutical products are the leading cause accidental poisoning in middle- and high-income countries. Patterns of poisoning with medicinal drugs change across different geographic regions and over decades owing to variability in prescription practice, sociocultural factors, safe storage of medicines, and free availability of over the counter medications.Methods. This multicentre descriptive study was conducted over a seven-year period (February 2007 to January 2014) to assess patterns and trends of medicinal drug-related poisoning among children less than 12 years of age in thirty-six hospitals across rural Sri Lanka. Children with both accidental and deliberate medication poisonings and medication errors were recruited to the study. Data on poisoning events and medication errors were gathered via patient/parent interviews using multistructured questionnaires that assessed demographic factors, first aid measures, location and circumstances of poisoning, clinical management, and complications. In addition, focus group discussions were performed on all children and their families who had deliberate poisoning events and medication errors.Results and Conclusions. Among 1621 children presented with acute poisoning over seven years of age, 410 children had acute poisoning with medications. Male children (225, 54.9%) outnumbered female children. Paracetomol (137, 35.6%), salbutamol (55, 14.3%), and chlorpheniramine (35, 9.1%) were the most commonly poisoned medications. Prospective data at Anuradhapura teaching hospital (n = 112) revealed that unsafe first aid measures were practiced on 22 (19.6%) children. Although the majority of children remained asymptomatic (61, 54.5%), neurological symptoms (34, 67%) were predominantly seen in symptomatic children. The majority of poisonings took place within home premises (76, 67.9%). There were 16 reports of medication errors (14.2% of acute poisoning events) either due to erroneous administration by caregivers or erroneous issue of medicines by health workers. The current study did not observe mortality following medication poisonings. This study brings to light the burden of medicinal drug-related poisoning morbidity among children in rural Sri Lanka. Potentially, interventions such as community educational initiatives, written safety warnings, increased use of child resistant containers, and enforcement of laws to bring down accidental medication poisonings need to be implemented, and their effectiveness should be evaluated.
A Proof of Concept for Biomarker-Guided Targeted Therapy against Ovarian Cancer Based on Patient-Derived Tumor Xenografts
Authors: Palmer Adam C. , Plana Deborah , Gao Hui , Korn Joshua M. , Yang Guizhi , Green John , Zhang Xiamei , Velazquez Roberto , McLaughlin Margaret E. , Ruddy David A. , Kowal Colleen , Muszynski Julie , Bullock Caroline , Rivera Stacy , Rakiec Daniel P. , Elliott GiNell , Fordjour Paul , Meyer Ronald , Loo Alice , Kurth Esther , Engelman Jeffrey A. , Bitter Hans , Sellers William R. , Williams Juliet A. , Sorger Peter K.
Published: August 2020

Advanced ovarian cancers are a leading cause of cancer-related death in women and are currently treated with surgery and chemotherapy. This standard of care is often temporarily successful but exhibits a high rate of relapse, after which, treatment options are few. Here we investigate whether biomarker-guided use of multiple targeted therapies, including small molecules and antibody–drug conjugates, is a viable alternative. A panel of patient-derived ovarian cancer xenografts (PDX), similar in genetics and chemotherapy responsiveness to human tumors, was exposed to 21 monotherapies and combination therapies. Three monotherapies and one combination were found to be active in different subsets of PDX. Analysis of gene expression data identified biomarkers associated with responsiveness to each of the three targeted therapies, none of which directly inhibits an oncogenic driver. While no single treatment had as high a response rate as chemotherapy, nearly 90% of PDXs were eligible for and responded to at least one biomarker-guided treatment, including tumors resistant to standard chemotherapy. The distribution of biomarker positivity in The Cancer Genome Atlas data suggests the potential for a similar precision approach in human patients.

Significance:

This study exploits a panel of patient-derived xenografts to demonstrate that most ovarian tumors can be matched to effective biomarker-guided treatments.
Polyamine Blocking Therapy Decreases Survival of Tumor-Infiltrating Immunosuppressive Myeloid Cells and Enhances the Antitumor Efficacy of PD-1 Blockade
Authors: Alexander Eric T. , Mariner Kelsey , Donnelly Julia , Phanstiel Otto , Gilmour Susan K.
Published: August 2020

Despite unprecedented advances in the treatment of cancer through the use of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), responses are not universal and alternative strategies are needed to enhance responses to ICB. We have shown previously that a novel polyamine blocking therapy (PBT), consisting of cotreatment with α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) to block polyamine biosynthesis and a Trimer polyamine transport inhibitor, decreases myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and M2-like tumor-associated macrophages (TAM). Both MDSCs and TAMs promote tumor progression, inhibit antitumor immunity, and limit the efficacy of ICB. In this study, we investigated the use of PBT to heighten therapeutic responses to PD-1 blockade in mice bearing 4T1 mammary carcinoma and B16F10 melanoma tumors. Whereas PBT inhibited primary tumor growth in both tumor models, 4T1 lung metastases were also dramatically decreased in mice treated with PBT. Reductions in MDSC and TAM subpopulations in 4T1 tumors from PBT-treated mice were accompanied by reduced cytoprotective autophagy only in tumor-infiltrating MDSC and macrophage subpopulations but not in the lung or spleen. PBT treatment blunted M2-like alternative activation of bone marrow–derived macrophages and reduced STAT3 activation in MDSC cultures while increasing the differentiation of CD80+, CD11c+ macrophages. PBT significantly enhanced the antitumor efficacy of PD-1 blockade in both 4T1 and B16F10 tumors resistant to anti–PD-1 monotherapy, increasing tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells and survival of tumor-bearing animals beyond that with PBT or PD-1 blockade alone. Our results suggest that cotreatment with DFMO and the Trimer polyamine transport inhibitor may improve the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapies in patients with cancer with resistant tumors.
Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Receiving Regorafenib
Authors: Liu Yingmiao , Lyu Jing , Bell Burdett Kirsten , Sibley Alexander B. , Hatch Ace J. , Starr Mark D. , Brady John C. , Hammond Kelli , Marmorino Federica , Rossini Daniele , Goldberg Richard M. , Falcone Alfredo , Cremolini Chiara , Owzar Kouros , Ivanova Anastasia , Moore Dominic T. , Lee Michael S. , Sanoff Hanna K. , Innocenti Federico , Nixon Andrew B.
Published: August 2020

Regorafenib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved by the FDA for the treatment of patients with chemotherapy refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Regorafenib inhibits signaling through multiple receptors associated with angiogenesis, metastasis, and tumor immunity. Here, we report biomarker results from LCCC1029, a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase II trial of chemotherapy ± regorafenib in patients with second-line mCRC. A panel of 20 soluble protein biomarkers (termed the Angiome) was assessed in the plasma of 149 patients from the LCCC1029 trial both at baseline and along the treatment continuum. Baseline protein levels were analyzed for prognostic and predictive value for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Changes in protein levels during treatment were analyzed for potential pharmacodynamic effects. Six markers (HGF, IL6, PlGF, VEGF-R1, OPN, and IL6R) were found to be prognostic for PFS. Nine markers (IL6, TIMP-1, PlGF, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, OPN, TSP-2, HGF, and VEGF-R1) were prognostic for OS. Higher baseline levels of OPN (Pintx = 0.0167), VCAM-1 (Pintx = 0.0216), and PDGF-AA (Pintx = 0.0435) appeared to predict for PFS benefit from regorafenib compared with placebo. VCAM-1 was also potentially predictive of OS benefit from regorafenib compared with placebo (Pintx = 0.0124). On-treatment changes of six markers reflected potential on-target effect of regorafenib. Consistent results were observed in an Italian cohort where 105 patients with late-stage mCRC received regorafenib monotherapy. The key findings of this study suggest that VCAM-1 may be a predictive biomarker for regorafenib benefit, while multiple protein markers may be prognostic of outcome in patients with mCRC.
All Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Are Not Created Equal: How Gender Inequality Influences These Cells and Affects Cancer Therapy
Authors: Gabrilovich Dmitry I.
Published: August 2020

In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Bayik and colleagues demonstrated sexual dimorphism in accumulation of different populations of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in glioblastoma and showed that they could be targeted by different agents.

See related article by Bayik et al., p. 1210.
Same Name, Different Game: EGFR Drives Intrinsic KRASG12C Inhibitor Resistance in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Koleilat Mohamad Karim , Kwong Lawrence N.
Published: August 2020

The discovery of covalent inhibitors of KRASG12C has led to promising clinical results in lung cancer, but disappointing response rates in colon cancer. In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Misale and colleagues identify high endogenous EGFR activity as the underlying mechanism of intrinsic resistance, which can be overcome by anti-EGFR antibody coadministration.

See related article by Amodio et al., p. 1129.
Diversidade nas pautas jornalísticas
Authors: Nonato Cláudia
Published: August 2020

Este artigo apresenta os resultados da etapa quantitativa da pesquisa A produção de notícias a partir das periferias de São Paulo: perfil, rotinas e novas configurações do trabalho jornalístico, cujo objetivo era investigar o perfil dos jornalistas que produzem informação a partir e sobre a periferia de São Paulo em novos arranjos econômicos alternativos (Figaro; Nonato, 2017). Para cumprir esse objetivo, faz uma breve reflexão sobre a falta de pluralidade da mídia brasileira, analisa as aproximações e diferenças entre jornalismo local, comunitário, contra hegemônico e periférico e apresenta a metodologia adotada para a pesquisa. Como resultados iniciais, verificamos que os jornalistas são jovens, estão há pouco mais de cinco anos na profissão e não têm uma opinião clara a respeito do conceito de jornalismo periférico.
Decolonização da vivência religiosa como estratégia comunicacional
Authors: Soares Denise Rodrigues , Silva Suzete Aparecida Gomes , Dias Luciene Oliveira
Published: August 2020

Na medida em que grupos populares vivenciam suas religiões, trilham caminhos que perpassam pelo controle, silenciamento e, inclusive, apagamento conduzido por instituições que construíram, ao longo da História, um espaço de poder no Ocidente e, assim, tentam reproduzir e manter uma lógica de hegemonia branca e cristã. Propomos aqui discutir vivências e religiosidades de pessoas que elaboram suas existências no interior do país e de pessoas negras que encontram na religião a possibilidade de viver seu corpo e sua ancestralidade, entendendo que tudo isso implica em repensar os próprios processos comunicacionais. As mediações tecidas no âmbito do que chamamos de cultura popular envolvem códigos muito específicos e configuram-se como verdadeiras estratégias comunicacionais. Chegamos, assim, à conclusão que perceber a comunicação como objeto vivo nos faz retomar discussões caras para a compressão do contexto social contemporâneo.
A arte e a cultura em tempos de pandemia
Authors: Calabre Lia
Published: August 2020

Este artigo contém algumas reflexões sobre a conjuntura no campo das artes e da cultura no momento que antecede a explosão da pandemia no país, tendo como preocupação a contextualização da problemática das políticas públicas de cultura. Desenvolve, em seguida, uma discussão sobre as urgências impostas pela pandemia do coronavírus e as especificidades do setor cultural, trazendo uma primeira visada do Projeto de Lei nº 1.075 de 2020, que dispõe sobre ações emergenciais destinadas ao setor cultural.
Visões de patrimônio e cidade
Authors: Tourinho Andréa De Oliveira , Farias Larissa Tesubake de
Published: August 2020

O artigo analisa três inventários de bens culturais realizados no município de Santo André, no Grande ABC Paulista, na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, entre os anos de 1998 e 2009, com recorte espacial na área central da cidade. Os trabalhos foram realizados por distintas equipes, duas contratadas pela prefeitura e a terceira integrante do corpo técnico da municipalidade. A análise comparativa desses inventários reflete diferenciadas visões de patrimônio e de cidade, sendo que a trajetória desses estudos revela a ampliação da noção de patrimônio cultural e da percepção do urbano como bem cultural. Do conceito de bem isolado à paisagem cultural, o caso de Santo André evidencia uma mudança conceitual acelerada no tempo, acompanhada de uma visão urbana em que a cidade da história cede lugar à cidade da memória.
A memória coletiva como heterotopia
Authors: Bengio Fernanda Cristine dos Santos , Lemos Flávia Cristina Silveira , Santos Margarete Cordeiro dos
Published: August 2020

Buscou-se neste artigo apresentar uma análise da memória coletiva sobre o bairro da Campina, na cidade de Belém, Pará, como uma heterotopia afirmada pela construção da Belém da Saudade que se assenta nas evocações mnemônicas da belle époque. A sustentação teórica e metodológica do texto foi construída a partir das contribuições de Michel Foucault, Ecléa Bosi, Maurice Halbwachs e Michel Pollak. Foi traçada uma análise arqueogenealógica do espaço patrimonializado, a qual foi costurada pela problematizaçãoda memória coletiva sobre ele e seus efeitos. Para dar corpo a esta pesquisa, foram trazidos recortes das entrevistas realizadas com moradores e ex-moradores de Campina. O mapeamento discursivo aponta a memória coletiva como dispositivo afetivo diretamente relacionado às práticas de cuidado com o bairro, bem como à produção de heterotopias, com seus sistemas de abertura e fechamento, que modulam os usos do espaço, bem como a relação entre os sujeitos.
Anacronismo, choque e verossimilhança
Authors: Silva Marcel Vieira Barreto , Da Silva de França Esmejoano Lincol
Published: August 2020

O intuito deste artigo é analisar a presença de elementos narrativos e estilísticos da Ficção Científica na telenovela O tempo não para, exibida pela TV Globo entre 2018 e 2019. Nosso objetivo é compreender como aspectos da contemporaneidade do Brasil são apresentados a partir de três desdobramentos narrativos típicos da Ficção Científica: a presença anacrônica dos personagens do século XIX no Brasil do século XXI; o choque subjetivo dos personagens com o “novo mundo”; a sensação de verossimilhança através da suspenção de qualquer efeito distópico no universo diegético. Para realizar este estudo, recortamos os quinze primeiros capítulos da telenovela, elegendo como corpus quatro cenas em que os personagens “do passado” questionam os personagens “do futuro” sobre as mudanças sociais ocorridas no país em mais de 130 anos.
A publicidade sem caráter e a estética do velamento
Authors: Carrascoza João Anzanello
Published: August 2020

A expansão tecnológica das últimas décadas no campo midiático levou as agências de publicidade a adotarem novas formas de produzir e veicular mensagens para as marcas anunciantes e seus produtos e serviços, como o embalde marketing, o branded content, a live experience, entre outras. Discutiremos a utilização de uma dessas estratégias publicitárias frequentemente exploradas nos tempos atuais, o product placement, apoiando-nos nas reflexões de Byung-Chul Han em sua obra A salvação do belo (2019). Nossa “tese” sinaliza que a publicidade, para atender ao consumidor sem caráter (aquele no qual nada se esculpe ou se fixa), tornou-se também “lisa”, graças sobretudo à sua “estética de velamento”.
Evolução holocênica das encostas da bacia do riacho Bruscas, Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Amorim Rodrigo De Freitas , Corrêa Antonio Carlos de Barros , Mutzenberg Demétrio , Meira Débora Albuquerque
Published: August 2020

Localizada na Província Geológica da Borborema, a bacia do Riacho Bruscas constitui importante amostra do contexto geomorfológico e geológico do setor oriental do Nordeste do Brasil, onde a morfogênese e suas implicações paleoclimáticas são particularmente distintas daquelas que afetam áreas do sul e sudeste do país. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar encostas com coberturas coluviais da bacia do Riacho Bruscas, tomando como base as características dos sedimentos, sua cronologia absoluta (LOE), geometria, estrutura e arranjo estratigráfico. Apesar de fragmentários, disjuntos espacialmente, e originários de intensidades distintas, esses materiais podem fornecer informações importantes sobre a dinâmica geomorfológica que, em última instância, reflete a ação dos componentes paleoambientais sobre a organização das unidades agradacionais do relevo. Os resultados foram agrupados em função dos dados coletados em quatros setores distintos da bacia, onde ocorrem depósitos coluviais, de forma a abranger todos os contextos morfológicos que, na área, resultaram na acumulação de sedimentos de encosta. Os depósitos estudados apresentaram-se confinados em intervalo de tempo que alcança desde o limiar Pleistoceno/Holoceno até a Pequena Idade do Gelo. Contudo, enquanto os depósitos resultantes da reumidificação geral observada ao final do Pleistoceno são ubíquos nas demais áreas do Nordeste semiárido, os depósitos do Holoceno médio e superior apontam para ocorrências mais localizadas, provavelmente relacionadas à ação de eventos pluviais orograficamente condicionados, mais intensos sobre o maciço da Serra da Baixa Verde e outros setores elevados do Planalto da Borborema.
Unidades de paisagem da Costa Branca, nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Diniz Marco Túlio Mendonça , Silva Sandro Damião Ribeiro da , Silva Jucielho Pedro da , Costa Diógenes Félix da Silva
Published: August 2020

A Costa Branca é uma porção da Costa Semiárida Brasileira que se estende por 230 km entre os estados do Ceará e o Rio Grande do Norte. Partindo de tal área como o recorte empírico da pesquisa, o objetivo do trabalho foi mapear as unidades de paisagem de sua planície costeira. A área, predominantemente semiárida, é composta por nove unidades de paisagem, que foram mapeadas mediante os aspectos fisionômicos (geofácies) visualizados na escala de 1:50.000, além da realização da subdivisão da Costa Branca em seis subcompartimentos. Para tanto, foram utilizadas técnicas de geoprocessamento e sensoriamento remoto, por meio da vetorização de dados cartográficos em imagens de alta resolução, em conjunto com trabalhos de campo, propiciando o apontamento e discussão de potencialidades e fragilidades das unidades de paisagem. Em termos biogeográficos, o clima semiárido influencia na ocorrência, distribuição e formação peculiares da flora encontrada nos diferentes ambientes analisados. Mesmo sob condições de estresse hídrico anual, os ecossistemas aí encontrados ainda provêm uma série de serviços de grande importância para as comunidades tradicionais locais. Estes importantes aspectos devem ser levados em consideração para o gerenciamento costeiro deste trecho litorâneo específico do Brasil.
Estimativa das perdas de solo por erosão hídrica utilizando o Método de Erosão Potencial
Authors: Pinto Guilherme Silva , Servidoni Lucas Emanuel , Lense Guilherme Henrique Expedito , Moreira Rodrigo Santos , Mincato Ronaldo Luiz
Published: August 2020

A erosão hídrica é a principal forma de degradação dos solos tropicais, gerando inúmeros prejuízos ambientais e socioeconômicos. As estimativas das taxas de perdas de solo por erosão hídrica são importantes para avaliar a degradação do solo e para proposição de medidas de manejo conservacionistas. Dentre os diversos modelos, o Método de Erosão Potencial se destaca pela facilidade de aplicação e baixo custo de implementação para estimar as taxas de perdas de solo. Dessa forma, o objetivo do trabalho foi aplicar o Método da Erosão Potencial para estimar as taxas de perdas de solo por erosão hídrica em uma sub-bacia hidrográfica do sul do Estado de Minas Gerais. A área estudada foi a sub-bacia hidrográfica do Córrego do Pântano II, no Município de Alfenas, sul de Minas Gerais, Sudeste do Brasil. O coeficiente de intensidade de erosão foi de 0,347, que indica o predominio de erosão de fraca intensidade. A perda total de solo foi de 816,48 Mg ano-1, com perda média de 1,31 Mg ha-1 ano-1. Conforme esperado, as áreas sem cobertura vegetal e com relevo íngreme apresentaram as maiores taxas de perda, com cerca de 1,0% da sub-bacia com perdas acima do limite de Tolerância de Perda de Solo. O Método de Erosão Potencial pode ser utilizado nas condições edafoclimáticas tropicais para apontar as áreas com maior ocorrência de erosão hídrica, sendo uma alternativa eficaz, simples e de baixo custo para identificar áreas prioritárias na proposição de ações para mitigação dos impactos ambientais associados ao fenômeno.
Espacialização de áreas inundáveis no baixo curso do Rio Tibagi – PR
Authors: Sousa Rodrigo Vitor Barbosa , Rocha Paulo Cesar
Published: August 2020

Esse artigo teve como objetivo espacializar as áreas inundáveis no sítio urbano de Jataizinho – PR, que fica no baixo curso do Rio Tibagi e é considerada uma das cidades mais afetadas pelas inundações desse rio. O mapeamento foi realizado por meio do uso de geotecnologias, como GNSS, estereoscopia digital e geoprocessamento. Os resultados apontam que as inundações estão concentradas em dois grupos principais, quais sejam, grupo A: inundações nas áreas de planície fluvial e na transição destas com áreas de terraço, compreendidas entre as cotas altimétricas 339,346 m e 340,520 m; e grupo B: inundações nas áreas de terraço e na transição destas com algumas colinas, ou seja, entre as cotas altimétricas 340,521 m e 341,59 m. As inundações do Rio Tibagi apresentam período de retorno a partir de 5 anos, já os episódios mais bruscos de inundações denotam período de retorno a partir de 25 anos. Observa-se que, parte significativa das áreas inundáveis é ocupada por habitantes da cidade. Os resultados obtidos mostraram-se satisfatórios, de modo que o mapeamento realizado poderá ser utilizado como ferramenta de apoio ao ordenamento territorial e ambiental da cidade de Jataizinho.
Analysis of sonority in piano pieces
Authors: Bragagnolo Bibiana , Guigue Didier
Published: August 2020

This paper presents an analysis of sonority in selected parts of two performances of a piano piece by the Brazilian composer Almeida Prado, extracted from the first volume of his cycle Cartas Celestes I (1974), and of this piece as a whole. The main goal of this analysis is to present a methodology where the performative decisions are understood as main sources of information, with specific attention to the sonic aspects of the piece. In this context, the musical work is understood as a process, since the score is only one of the elements that will influence the final result (Costa, 2016). The methodology consists of three main steps, and was based on the methodology of analysis of the sonority by Guigue (2009): (1) the first step is the artistic process, which gets up to the construction of two performances of the piece by the same pianist (the first author of this paper), with different and contrasting performative decisions, and their recordings; (2) then, the piece is divided into homogeneous sonic units, always having the performative decisions as guides; and (3) at last, these units are analyzed using the software Spear and Sonic Visualiser for audio files and Open Music for MIDI files. The methodology intends to include the performance in the scope of musical analysis, as performative decisions may lead to dramatic differences in the final perceived sonic layout of a musical work.
O candombe uruguaio em obras para violão
Authors: Foschiera Marcos Matturro , Barbeitas Flavio Terrigno
Published: August 2020

Com o objetivo de definir o conceito de Performance Culturalmente Informada e exemplificá-lo, o texto, após uma introdução de cunho teórico, examina quatro obras para violão solo de Carlevaro (1974), Aguirre (2004), Sinesi (1994) e Moscardini (2006), todas inspiradas no candombe uruguaio. A abordagem visou demonstrar como uma compreensão de dados culturais do gênero, baseada principalmente em Ferreira (1997), Ayestarán (1966), Fernandez (2017) e Aharonián (2007), fornece ao intérprete um horizonte para especular, experimentar e criar, contribuindo para uma elaboração crítica e autônoma de sua performance. Assim, nas obras analisadas emergem possibilidades de absorver práticas do candombe tradicional relativas a percussividade, acentuação, articulação e caráter ritualístico, mesmo com todas as dificuldades que a tradução para o violão de uma manifestação essencialmente percussiva apresenta.
Arquivos sonoros em tempos de guerra
Authors: Binazzi Biancamaria
Published: August 2020

Neste artigo, busco identificar aspectos de identidade e alteridade em práticas sonoras a partir do caso do intercâmbio de discos realizado entre a Discoteca Pública Municipal, vinculada à Divisão de Expansão Cultural do Departamento de Cultura de São Paulo e a Divisão de Música da Biblioteca do Congresso de Washington no período da Segunda Guerra Mundial. Entre os anos de 1939 e 1943, as duas instituições trocaram vasta correspondência que culminaria na troca de discos de música folclórica gravados em expedições fonográficas com financiamento público. Entendendo práticas sonoras como a gravação em campo, a formação de coleções discográficas públicas e a sua difusão, procurarei situar, naquele momento histórico, a fonografia e os arquivos sonoros como mediadores de relações interculturais.
Orquestra Errante
Authors: Costa Rogério Luiz Moraes
Published: August 2020

Neste artigo pretendo descrever, investigar e refletir sobre o ambiente criativo da Orquestra Errante em suas relações com a improvisação e com processos de subjetivação e individuação. Me interessa também discutir em que medida e de que forma a improvisação interage com determinadas configurações socioculturais e políticas. Para isso, pretendo examinar registros (escritos, gravados e filmados) de ensaios e apresentações, e realizar entrevistas e conversas com integrantes do grupo. Neste tipo de investigação é importante saber o que os seus integrantes falam de si no ambiente da orquestra. Alguns conceitos de Gilles Deleuze e Gilbert Simondon serão utilizados para subsidiar estas reflexões.
Endogenous Activation of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Contributes to Blood Pressure Control
Authors: Martins Flavia L. , Bailey Matthew A. , Girardi Adriana C.C.
Published: August 2020

The pharmacological administration of GLP-1R (glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor) agonists reduces blood pressure (BP) in type 2 diabetes mellitus and nondiabetic patients. This study tested the hypothesis that endogenous GLP-1R signaling influences the regulation of BP. To this end, SHRs (spontaneously hypertensive rats) and Wistar rats were treated with the GLP-1R antagonist Ex9 (exendin-9) or vehicle for 4 weeks. Rats receiving the GLP-1R agonist Ex4 (exenatide) were used as an additional control. We found that blockade of baseline GLP-1R signaling by Ex9 increased systolic BP in both SHR and Wistar rats, compared with vehicle-treated animals, while Ex4 only reduced systolic BP in SHR. Higher systolic BP induced by Ex9 was accompanied by reduced lithium clearance and lower levels of NHE3 (Na
+
/H
+
exchanger isoform 3) phosphorylation at the serine 552, indicative of increased proximal tubule sodium reabsorption. Additionally, urinary AGT (angiotensinogen) and renal cortical concentration of Ang II (angiotensin II) were enhanced by Ex9. Conversely, Ex4 decreased both urinary AGT and cortical Ang II but exclusively in SHRs. Moreover, both SHR and Wistar rats treated with Ex9 displayed hyperinsulinemia as compared with vehicle-treated rats, whereas Ex4 reduced fasting insulin concentration in SHR. Collectively, these results suggest that endogenous GLP-1R signaling exerts a physiologically relevant effect on BP control, which may be attributable, in part, to its tonic actions on the proximal tubule NHE3-mediated sodium reabsorption, intrarenal renin-angiotensin system, and insulin sensitivity. The possible role of impaired GLP-1R signaling in the pathogenesis of hypertension warrants further investigation.
Effects of Oral Sodium Nitrite on Blood Pressure, Insulin Sensitivity, and Intima-Media Arterial Thickening in Adults With Hypertension and Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Hughan Kara S. , Levine Andrea , Helbling Nicole , Anthony Steven , DeLany James P. , Stefanovic-Racic Maja , Goodpaster Bret H. , Gladwin Mark T.
Published: August 2020

The nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway regulates NO synthase–independent vasodilation and NO signaling. Ingestion of inorganic nitrite has vasodilatory and blood pressure–lowering effects. Preclinical studies in rodent models suggest there may be a benefit of nitrite in lowering serum triglyceride levels and improving the metabolic syndrome. In a phase 2 study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of chronic oral nitrite therapy in patients with hypertension and the metabolic syndrome. Twenty adult subjects with stage 1 or 2 hypertension and the metabolic syndrome were enrolled in an open-label safety and efficacy study. The primary efficacy end point was blood pressure reduction; secondary end points included insulin-dependent glucose disposal and endothelial function measured by flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery and intima-media diameter of the carotid artery. Chronic oral nitrite therapy (40 mg/3× daily) was well tolerated. Oral nitrite significantly lowered systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures, but tolerance was observed after 10 to 12 weeks of therapy. There was significant improvement in the intima-media thickness of the carotid artery and trends toward improvements in flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery and insulin sensitivity. Chronic oral nitrite therapy is safe in patients with hypertension and the metabolic syndrome. Despite an apparent lack of enzymatic tolerance to nitrite, we observed tolerance after 10 weeks of chronic therapy, which requires additional mechanistic studies and possible therapeutic dose titration in clinical trials. Nitrite may be a safe therapy to concominantly improve multiple features of the metabolic syndrome including hypertension, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction.

Registration—

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01681810.
C-allele of rs4769613 Near
FLT1
Represents a High-Confidence Placental Risk Factor for Preeclampsia
Authors: Kikas Triin , Inno Rain , Ratnik Kaspar , Rull Kristiina , Laan Maris
Published: August 2020

The variant rs4769613 T/C within the enhancer element near
FLT1
, an acknowledged gene in preeclampsia, was previously identified as a risk factor for preeclampsia in the genome-wide association study (GWAS) targeting placental genotypes. We aimed to test the robustness of this association in 2 Estonian cohorts. Both placental sample sets HAPPY PREGNANCY (Development of novel non-invasive biomarkers for fertility and healthy pregnancy; preeclampsia, n=44 versus nonpreeclampsia, n=1724) and REPROMETA (REPROgrammed fetal and/or maternal METAbolism; 52/277) exhibited suggestive association between rs4769613[C] variant and preeclampsia (logistic regression adjusted for gestational age and fetal sex, nominal
P
<0.05). Meta-analysis across 2 samples (96/2001) replicated the genome-wide association study outcome (Bonferroni corrected
P
=4×10
-3
; odds ratio, 1.75 [95% CI, 1.23–2.49]). No association was detected with gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm birth, and newborn parameters. Also, neither maternal nor paternal rs4769613 genotypes predisposed to preeclampsia. The exact role of placental rs4769613 genotype in the preeclampsia pathogenesis is to be clarified as no effect was detected on maternal baseline serum sFlt-1 (soluble fms-related receptor tyrosine kinase 1) levels. However, when placental
FLT1
gene expression and maternal serum sFlt-1 measurements were stratified by placental rs4769613 genotypes, significantly higher transcript and biomarker levels were detected in preeclampsia versus nonpreeclampsia cases in the CC- and CT- (Student
t
test,
P
≤0.02), but not in the TT-genotype subgroup. We suggest that rs4769613 represents a conditional expression Quantitative Trait Locus, whereby only the enhancer with the C-allele reacts to promote the
FLT1
expression in unfavorable placental conditions. The study highlighted that the placental
FLT1
rs4769613 C-allele is a preeclampsia-specific risk factor. It may contribute to early identification of high-risk women, for example, when genotyped in the cffDNA available in maternal blood plasma.
Obesity, Sex, Race, and Early Onset Hypertension
Authors: Thompson Philip , Logan Ian , Tomson Charles , Sheerin Neil , Ellam Timothy
Published: August 2020

Investigation for secondary causes is recommended in early onset hypertension. However, obesity is associated with higher blood pressure (BP), so investigation for alternative secondary causes may not be necessary in all obese patients. We sought to define a rational approach to investigation across strata of age, body mass index (BMI) sex and race, based on BP distributions in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2005 to 2016. The majority (71% [95% CI, 59%–79%] and 64% [95% CI, 57%–69%] by European and US definitions respectively) of early onset hypertension cases were attributable to BP distribution shifts accompanying obesity and male sex. Male versus female sex, BMI>40 versus 18.2<BMI≤25 and Black versus White race were accompanied by adjusted mean systolic BP differences of 9 (95% CI, 8–9) mm Hg, 13 (95% CI, 12–15) mm Hg, and 3 (95% CI, 2–4) mm Hg respectively. Normal BMI women above the age cutoff for investigation were less likely to be hypertensive than obese younger men meeting current investigation criteria (
P
<0.001). Targeting investigations to combinations of sex, BMI, and age with low hypertension prevalence would reduce the number investigated while still identifying as many secondary cases. Limiting investigations to patients with a BP exceeded by ≤5% of their respective sex/BMI/age category would give investigation thresholds ranging from ≥130/≥80 and ≥140/≥90 for normal BMI women and men, respectively, at age 20 to 30 years, to ≥160/≥100 and ≥170/≥105 for women and men with BMI ≥40 at age 30 to 40 years. In conclusion, we propose refined strategies for investigation of early onset hypertension in the context of an obesity epidemic.
Negative Anthropology
Authors: Weller Shane
Published: August 2020

This essay charts Beckett’s engagement with the concept of the human from the 1930s to the 1980s. Considering in particular his rethinking of what he terms “true humanity” (vraie humanité) in his 1945 essay on the work of the Van Velde brothers, his remarks on “humanity in ruins” in “The Capital of the Ruins” (1946), and his response in early 1949 to Francis Ponge’s claims regarding a humanity to come in an essay on the painter Georges Braque, the essay argues that Beckett not only challenges various forms of anthropomorphism and anthropocentrism, but undertakes a ‘negative anthropology’ that weakens the distinctions between the human and other animate and inanimate forms of being.