bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE USE OF FUZZY RULE-BASED SYSTEMS IN DETERMINING HORIZONTAL PCO PARAMETERS OF GNSS ANTENNAS
Authors: Nardez Nassau de Nogueira , Krueger Cláudia Pereira , Jafelice Rosana Sueli da Motta , Schmidt Marcio Augusto Reolon
Published: September 2018

Abstract Knowledge concerning Phase Center Offset (PCO) is an important aspect in the calibration of GNSS antennas and has a direct influence on the quality of high precision positioning. Studies show that there is a correlation between meteorological variables when determining the north (N), east (E) and vertical Up (H) components of PCO. This article presents results for the application of Fuzzy Rule-Based Systems (FRBS) for determining the position of these components. The function Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) was used to generate FRBS, with the PCO components as output variables. As input data, the environmental variables such as temperature, relative humidity and precipitation were used; along with variables obtained from the antenna calibration process such as Positional Dilution of Precision and the multipath effect. An FRBS was constructed for each planimetric N and E components from the carriers L1 and L2, using a training data set by means of ANFIS. Once the FRBS were defined, the verification data set was applied, the components obtained by the FRBS and Antenna Calibration Base at the Federal University of Paraná were compared. For planimetric components, the difference was less than 1.00 mm, which shows the applicability of the method for horizontal components.
Survey for the detection of Bursaphelenchus insect-vector species in the western part of Turkey
Authors: Dayı Mehmet , Akbulut Süleyman
Published: September 2018

Aim of the study: This study aimed
to identify the insect vectors of these Bursaphelenchus
species in conifer forests of the western Turkey.Area of study: Sampling was
performed in conifer forests of the western part of Turkey.Material and
Methods: Two different
methods were used, trap trees and pheromone traps with specific lure
combinations, to catch insects.

Main results: A total number of
11,076 insects in the first year (2012), and 226,205 insects in the second year
(2013) surveys were captured. The most represented insect order was Coleoptera
and the most common insect species found in all sampling areas was Orthotomicus erosus. After morphological and molecular studies, B. mucronatus was found to be associated
with insect bulk samples of Ips sexdentatus, while B. sexdentati was found
to be associated with individual and insect bulk samples of O. erosus,
Acanthocinus aedilis, and Arhopalus rusticus.
Telomerase activity in patients with neurofibromatosis type-1
Authors: KÜPELİ Serhan , ARKAN Ayçin , İNCECİK Faruk , ALTUNBAŞAK Şakir
Published: September 2018

Purpose: In various studies low telomerase activity have been shown to have a protective role in some types of cancer. Patients with neurofibromatosis type-1 (NF1) are at risk of developing certain types of cancer. Prognosis is generally better in patients with NF1 than those without NF1. In the present study, we aimed to measure telomerase activity in patients with NF1 and in controls.Materials and Methods: Telomerase activity was investigated in peripheral blood samples with human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) mRNA by using real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method and Light Cycler 480 system.Results: hTERT expression was investigated in blood samples of 48 patients with a diagnosis of NF1 and in 37 controls. Telomerase activity was positive in 36 of 48 (75%) patients with NF1 and 23 of 37 patients (73%) without NF1. Telomerase activity was positive in 31 of 36 patients (86%) with NF1 having a benign or malignant tumor, whereas it was positive in 5 of 12 NF1 patients (41.6%) without a tumor. Conclusion: Detection of hTERT expression in patients with NF1 can be used as a useful marker for tumorigenesis. Additional studies need to be done to know whether detection of hTERT expression in low-grade tumors would help predict progression to high-grade tumors.
Effect of medical and surgical management and dry eyes in Eastern Odisha
Authors: Panda Tarun Kumar , Kumari Suchitra
Published: September 2018

Background: Dry eye condition has multi-factorial origin and most of the times missed or left untreated leading to resistance in its treatment modalities. Various studies had been conducted with conflicting outcomes. Dry eyes condition being more prevalent in Odisha, there is very limited published data on its management. Hence this study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and outcome of medical and surgical management of dry eye cases due to different aetiologies.Methods: Patients were selected from those who attended ophthalmology, Skinand VD, O and G and Paediatrics OPD. Their tear film parameters like Tear film breakup time, tear meniscus height, Schirmer test, Rose Bengal stain were assessed at baseline level. Thereafter they were put on medical therapy for 6 weeks followed by appropriate surgical intervention like amniotic membrane graft, punctual occlusion, use of Symblepharon shell in resistant cases -which again was reviewed by analysis of tear film parameters.Results: Majority of patients (75% approx.) responded well to medical therapy. non responders were due to Steven Johnson syndrome, Vitamin A deficiency, KCS and systemic association. These patients underwent surgical management with follow up after 6 weeks. After 6 weeks of surgical therapy 80% cases showed improvement, while few cases due to SJS showed poor response.Conclusions: The medical modality of treatment was found to be the primary approach with better efficacy in majority of dry eye cases predominantly in mild to moderate severity. Surgical interventions proved more efficacious in severe degree of presentation.
Review of “Good Question: Arts-based approaches to collaborative research with children and youth” edited by Michael J. Emme and Anna Kirova (2017)
Authors: McLeod Heather Skye
Published: September 2018

In this edited volume published as an e-book, Good Question: Arts-based Approaches to Collaborative Research With Children and Youth, Michael Emme and Anna Kirova wonder whether communities of adult researchers, artists, educators, and youth working in collaborative and playful ways can co-construct inquiry practices which support young people to lead their own research investigations. The collection is composed of three parts. The first part, “Comics,” focuses on research methods designed for children and youth. The second and third parts, entitled “Collaborations” and “Theory” respectively, include chapters written by new and experienced researchers/scholars who elaborate examples of collaborative arts-based research with children and youth. The design of Emme and Kirova’s contribution to the literature is highly imaginative. In a time of burgeoning interest in arts-based research approaches, the volume has earned a key place. It will no doubt become an essential work for those interested in such innovative research with children and youth.
INFLUENCE OF NANO Al2O3 TO IMPROVE THE YIELD OF DOUBLE SLOPE SOLAR STILL
Authors: Robert Rees Alexa , Kaithari Dinesh Keloth , Mirza M. Mumtaz , Bhambare Parimal Sharad
Published: September 2018

Purpose:The supply of pure fresh water is becoming a rising issue is many areas of the world. Clean water being a basic requirement is still unavailable to a large number of people. The fast development and growth in population and agriculture has helped to increase the need of clean water. The solar distillation is one of the most cost efficient ways to accomplish this.

Methodology:When water evaporates from the basin of the still, it leaves the various impurities behind resulting in clean palatable water. Solar stills have a comparatively low yield but can be used to provide safe water options to rural areas of the world. To increase the yield of the solar still nano Al2O3 fluid is used,which is prepared using a dispersant of Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulphonate (SDBS). The still is a double slope basin type solar still with black paint coating on the inside and external reflecting mirrors, to enhance the yield.

Main Findings:This project compares the efficiency and output of double slope solar still with and without the nanofluid. The single basin double slope solar still was fabricated using low cost durable materials and the 0.01 vol. % Al2O3 water based nanofluid was prepared. The results showed a positive outcome of a 15% increase in the rate of distillate collected with the use of nanofluids. The payback period was calculated to be less than 2 weeks without nanofluid and one week with the use of nanofluid.

Implications:The present study is useful for obtaining pure drinking water at remote locations in Sultanate of Oman where solar energy is abundance.

Novelty of Study: Nanofluids are used to enhance the distillation rate when compared to the conventional solar stills.
Manfaat Perilaku Spiritual Sufi Pada Kesehatan Mental dan Well Being Seseorang
Authors: Saliyo Saliyo
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this article is to know the connection of Sufi spiritual behavior with mental health in the form of well-being performed by the spiritual Sufi path. This article explores Sufi spiritual behavior with regard to mental health in the form of well-being that comes from literature.The method used in this research is qualitative research in the literature review. How to collect research data by researchers by writing, classifying and monitoring subjects of research studies carried out by researchers. Moreover, researchers conducting a survey of data collected related to the subject matter of the research is a spiritual relationship to mental health.The results of the literary research show that mystical spiritual behavior towards mental health, especially in the field of well-being, remains controversial. Sufi spiritual behavior has a positive effect. On the other hand, there are also results that mystic behavior has a negative effect. This incident occurred because of misunderstanding or perception of Sufi teachings, or lack of good guidance for the person in taking the Sufi path.
Pelatihan Pemaknaan dan Pembacaan Ayat-ayat Alquran Untuk Menurunkan Tingkat Stres Mahasiswa yang Sedang Mengerjakan Skripsi
Authors: Anshori Hafiz , Komalasari Shanty
Published: September 2018

Students’ pressures while working on their undergraduate thesis caused psychological impact called stress. The researcher was intended to find out whether any roles of the Qur'an as a guideline for Muslims reducing the stress level. It is a field research with a quantitative experimental approach which used two groups(pre-test- post-test) design with two variables: training of meaning and reading verses of the Qur'an (X) and stress level (Y). The subjects were 12 students divided into 6 students in each of experimental and control group. The experimental group used paired samples t-test and got a p-value of 0,035, p <0,05 means there was a difference of scores between pretest and post-test. The control group obtained a p-value of 0.849, p <0.05 means there was no difference in scores between pretest and post-test. Based on the results of different test analysis using independent samples t-test obtained the p-value of 0.000 is smaller than 0.01 showed that there is a significant difference in stress level between the two groups. The results indicate that the training of meaning and reading of Quranic verses can reduce the stress level of students who are working on an undergraduate thesis in the Islamic Psychology Study Program of the State Islamic University of Antasari Banjarmasin.
Penguatan Keterampilan Konseling Anak: Memahami Karakteristik Anak melalui Permainan Balogo
Authors: Istati Mufida
Published: September 2018

The aim of this study to know about Balogo game can help the counselor to understanding the children characteristics. This research is a qualitative study of literature study. In collecting the data, the writer used documentation. Data were analysis by Balogo game analysis from the theory psychology of childrent development by Nurihsan & Agustin (2011) and the theory children counseling by Geldard & Geldard (2012). The age of childrent in this research is 7-12 years old who get study in elementary school or Islamic elementary school. The children development characteristic can to know by the counselor through balogo game include the aspects of cognitive development, affective, physical-motor, moral, and religion. Counselors who understand the characteristics of children will support the achievement of child counseling success.
ISLAM DI AFRIKA UTARA BAGIAN BARAT (AL MURABITUN)
Authors: Ayuarini Rina Dewi
Published: September 2018

The objective of this study is to describe the formation process of al Murabitun dynasty, and also discussing on the prosperity, the decrease, and the destruction of al Murabi tun dynasty. Al Murabitun dynasty was the unique dynasty as it was built based on the spirit of religiousity. And also the existance of the dynasty has been wellknown as it had wide area covering all of Africa and Spain. At the following time, the dynasty experienced the decrease after it had been lead by the third last king, until finally it faced the destruction period. The main cause of the down of the dynasty was a movement which was known as al-Muwahhidun dynasty. The destruction the dynasty caused by its poioer which was not in line with the attitude of tolerance of the society. The exploration on the spam of the dynasty will, then, strengthen our point of view on the ups and downs side dynasties in Islam as this is meaningful resource for Islamic scholars.

 

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan proses pembentukan dari dinasti al Murabitun, dan juga membahas tentang kemakmuran, yang menurun, dan penghancuran dinasti al Murabi tun. Al Murabitun
dinasti adalah dinasti yang unik karena dibangun berdasarkan semangat agama. Dan juga keberadaan dinasti telah diketahui dengan baik karena luasnya mencakup seluruh Afrika dan Spanyol. Pada waktu berikutnya, dinasti mengalami penurunan setelah itu dipimpin oleh raja terakhir ketiga, hingga akhirnya menghadapi periode penghancuran.
Penyebab utama turunnya dinasti adalah sebuah gerakan yang dikenal sebagai dinasti al-Muwahhidun. Penghancuran dinasti disebabkan pelopornya yang tidak sejalan dengan sikap toleransi dari masyarakat. Eksplorasi pada spam dari dinasti akan, kemudian, memperkuat sudut pandang kita pada dinamika sisi naik dan turun di Islam karena ini adalah sumber yang berarti bagi para ilmuwan Islam.
Karakteristik Gen Sitokrom C Oksidase Sub Unit I (CO1) Lebah Liar Apis cerena (Hymenoptera: apidae) Asal Pulau Hoga Sulawesi Tenggara
Authors: Suriana Suriana , Jamili Jamili , Parakkasi Parakkasi
Published: September 2018

The study was conducted to assess the caracteristic of cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) gene on wild honey bee Apis cerena, and detection of barcode sites from these gene. A total fifteen individual A. cerena were collected from Hoga Island, Southeast Sulawesi. Genomic DNA was extracted from torax, then amplified by PCR method and than sequenced. Sequencing result characterized their nucleotide and amino acid content. The results showed that 595 nucleotides at the 5' end of COI gene of A. cerena very conserved at the most of the sites. Nucleotide dominated by thymine and adenine bases (± 70%). There are 25 barcoding sites for A. cerena. There are two of these sites are diagnostics for A. cerena from of the Hoga Island. From of 595 basepairs nucleotide were prediction encode 198 amino acid, and only eleven percent of the these are varied between species. Amino acid 91th (treonine) and 103th (asparagin) were diagnostics amino acid for A. cerena from Hoga Island, Southeast Sulawesi. Molecular phylogeny reconstructed based on both nucleotide and amino acid sequence placing apis cerena from Hoga Island, Souteast Sulawesi is closely related to Apis cerena from Genbank source.
STUDY AND MODELING OF SOLVENT INFLUENCE ON ISOSALIPURPOSIDE EXTRACTION FROM HELICHRYSI ARENARII FLOWERS
Authors: Boyko N. N. , Pisarev D. I. , Zhilyakova E. T. , Novikov O. O.
Published: September 2018

This article presents results of the study and modeling of solvent influence on isosalipurposide extraction from Helichrysi Arenarii flowers.

The aimof this work is to study the influence of the solvent on isosalipurposide extraction from Helichrysi arenarii flowers and suggest a theoretical model for description of the results obtained.

Materials and methods. The basic materials were: a ground plant raw material of Helichrysi arenarii flowers. water solutions of ethanol (26, 43, 59, 72, 81, 97±1% v/v.), methanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, acetone and ethyl acetate. The extracts were obtained from the plant raw materials / solvent at the ratio of 1:5 (wt./vol.) by maceration for 24 hours at the temperature of 24±1°С. The analysis of the extracts was carried out by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography and isosalipurposide reference substance.

Results and discussion. A dependence of isosalipurposide concentration in ethanol-water extracts on ethanol concentration in the solution was studied. It has been found out that maximum concentration of isosalipurposide is observed in the solutions with ethanol concentration of 75±5% v/v. This range of ethanol concentrations corresponds to solvent’s dielectric constant value of 38±3 units. The regression equation of dependence between isosalipurposide concentration in the extract and dielectric constant of ethanol-water solution has been obtained. Optimal concentration of the solvent has been theoretically predicted and experimentally verified as in the case of   water solutions of methanol, acetone, 1-propanol, and 2-propanol.

Conclusion. It has been determined that solvent’s dielectric constant has the most significant influence on the extraction process of phytocompound from the plant raw material. A mathematical model for description of the dependence of isosalipurposide concentration on dielectric constant of ethanol-water solutions has been substantiated theoretically and tested. The optimal range of solvent’s dielectric constant to obtain maximum concentration of isosalipurposide in the extract has been found.
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL STUDIES OF APITOXIN AND PRODUCTS ON ITS BASIS
Authors: Butenko L. I. , Kuleshova S. A. , Podgornaya J. V. , Myikots L. P. , Dmitriev A. B.
Published: September 2018

Introduction.Nowadays, it is vitally important to develop a method for quantifying melittin not only in apitoxin samples, but also in the products of its processing.

The aim of our studyis to investigate physical and chemical characteristics of melittin, the main component of apitoxin, as well as the development of methods for the quantitative determination of melittin in the samples of apitoxin and in the pharmaceutical products derived from apitoxin: “Sophia with apitoxin” cream and “Apizartron” ointment.

Materials and methods.The objects of the research were apitoxin and melittin, as well as the samples of “Sophia with apitoxin” cream and “Apizartron” ointment satisfying the requirements of regulatory documentation, produced in lots by domestic and foreign manufacturers. The UV spectra of melittin and apitoxin were registered on SF 103 spectrophotometer in quartz cuvettes with 1 cm thickness. The IR spectra were investigated on the IR-instrument of Fourier – FSM-1201 spectrophotometer, LLC “Infraspek”. The determination of melittin purity was carried out by chromatography.

Results and discussion. The basic physical and chemical characteristics were established for melittin as a reference sample and the main component of apitoxin. The melting temperature was: (Tmelt.)=190ºС. In the UV-spectrum there could be watched the absorption maxima corresponding to 2 peaks: λ max = 225±2 nm and 285±2 nm were observed. As an analytical wavelength, it is necessary to choose the peak λ =285 nm, since the peak with λ =225 nm is associated with the absorption of light by the internal (shielded) benzene ring of the tryptophan molecule. The nature of the curve and the position of the maxima of the spectra of melittin and the apitoxin solution coincide, which makes it possible to use melittin as a standard for spectrometric quantitative determination of the active substances in apitoxin and preparations based on apitoxin.

Conclusion. The worked out spectrophotometric methods for the quantitative determination of melittin in apitoxin has been validated by the indices of specificity, accuracy, detection limit, quantitative determination limit, linearity.
TECHNOLOGY OF MEDICINES AND GALENICAL PREPARATIONS: THE CASE OF PRESCRIPTION FORMULASFROM “ANTIDOTARIUM” NICOLAI BY NICHOLAS OF SALERNO
Authors: Voronov F. D. , Ruzhinskaya I. N.
Published: September 2018

Introduction. This study deals with the problem of similarity of the principles and approaches of drug technologies in the medieval manuscript “Antidotarium Nicolai” by Nicholas of Salerno with modern pharmaceutical technologies.

The aim of study is a textual investigation of “Antidotarium Nicolai”, a detailed research of the content of the manuscript, recipes and technologies for making medicines.

Materials and methods. In order to achieve this goal, eighty-five recipes of “Antidotarium Nicolai” have been identified, systematized and analyzed in a documentary translation from medieval French. An interdisciplinary study of the content of the manuscript was carried out with the help of factor analysis of the historical source and modern scientific literature.

Results and discussion. Having described the content and aspects of the prescriptions of “Antidotarium Nicolai”, the authors note the similarity of the technologies of drugs and galenical preparations with modern pharmaceutical technology, in particular, with the technology of pharmacy production. In “Antidotarium Nicolai” it is stated that preparations based on herbal medicinal raw materials may be second-line therapy agents for completing treatment after the application of basic pharmacological preparations.

Conclusion. The results of this work reveal the potential for the use of herbal medicines in the conditions of modern evidence-based medicine, in particular, in the organization of long-term treatment and secondary prevention of chronic diseases in patients who need to maintain their ability to work, and provide them with a sufficiently high level of quality of life. A detailed translation of the full text of the manuscript, the analysis of its content in accordance with the requirements of rational pharmacotherapy and phytotherapy, further favors to identify the prospects for the development of new drugs, multi-component in their chemical composition with a wide range of therapeutic effects.
ETYMOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES OF MODERN ACUTE RESPIRATORY VIRAL INFECTIONS IN CHILDREN OF EARLY AGE HOSPITALIZED TO THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
Authors: Khaliullina S. V. , Anokhin V. A. , Demidenko K. Yu. , Nyagashkina E. V. , Khaliullina K. R. , Pokrovskaya E. M. , Khaertynov Kh. S.
Published: September 2018

Objective: to estimate the prevalence and clinical-epidemiological features of acute respiratory infections of various etiology in children of the first three years of life, hospitalized to the intensive care unit of a children’sinfectious hospital.

150 children of the first three years of life of the total number of patients, hospitalized to the intensive care unit of the Republican Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital of Kazan with a severe ARI, were randomly selected. The design of the research was consistent with the observational analytic.

Results: the etiology of  ARI was interpreted in  74% (95% CI 67–81), 111/150 cases. Rhinovirus infection is the main cause of development of severe forms of ARI in young children; in second place – influenza viruses – 13.9-28.7% in different age groups. Clinically significant in all age groups were respiratory syncitial viruses (7.1–16.7%), in children up to one year – parainfluenza viruses (13.9% (95% CI 6–21.8), 10/72, and in  patients older than 2 years  – adenoviruses (12–14.2%). Seasonal rise in  the incidence of ARI was noted in the cold season. It was caused by influenza viruses, respiratory syncitial viruses, parainfluenza viruses. In the summer months, the rhino-, metapneumo- and adenoviruses were most common. The expressed general toxic effects that caused hospitalization were recorded in 66% (95% CI 58.4–73.6), 99/150 of the examined patients, manifestations of respiratory failure was detected in 58% (95% CI 50.1–65.9), 87/150.

Conclusions: the leading causes of development of  severe forms of ARI in young children are rhinoviruses, influenza viruses and the respiratory syncitial virus. They are associated with: respiratory tract diseases with respiratory failure, a symptom complex of  toxicosis. Previously thought «harmless», rhinovirus infection is becoming a leader in  the range of  causes of  severe forms of respiratory infections in young children.
NON-ANTIBACTERIAL ALTERNATIVE MEASURES FOR THE TREATMENT OF URINARY TRACT INFECTION IN CHILDREN. PART 2**. SUPPRESSION OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF MICROBIAL INITIATION OF INFLAMMATION
Authors: Kirillov V. I. , Bogdanova N. A. , Morozov S. L.
Published: September 2018

The data on the effectiveness of  the use of  medicinal products, aimed at increasing the antibacterial resistance of  the urinary tract («therapeutic vaccines», immunotropic medications), as well asthe minimization of pathological processes(inflammation, oxidative stress) as a result of exposure to infectious microorganisms are presented. Brief information is given on the possibility of slowing nephrosclerotic processes using angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, as well as on the prospects of renoprotection on experimental models.
ANAPHYLAXIS AND VACCINATION: RISKS AND REALITIES
Authors: Ruban A. P. , Pampura A. N.
Published: September 2018

The article is about the problem of anaphylaxis in the post-vaccination period. Data on the frequency of its prevalence and lethality depending on the type of vaccine are presented. Variants of a clinical picture of anaphylaxis and differential-diagnostic approaches are indicated. The major causal components of vaccines, anaphylaxis inducers, and methods for their identification are mentioned. Therapeutic approaches are analyzed, false myths and contraindications to vaccination are indicated. The experience of carrying out preventive individual measures is generalized.
PHYSIOLOGY OF TASTE PERCEPTION: THE ROLE OF GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN THE FORMATION OF TASTE PREFERENCES
Authors: Zakharova I. N. , Dmitriyeva Yu. A. , Machneva E. B. , Kasyanova A. N.
Published: September 2018

Taste perception has a significant impact on the formation of human food preferences. The basics of taste perception of the child are formed under the influence of genetic polymorphism and congenital taste preferences, developing under the influence of a number of environmental factors. A significant impact on the formation of taste hasthe mother’s nutrition during pregnancy, the nature of the child’sfeeding, the baby’s health during the first year of life, as well as national and family traditions of nutrition. The article describes the mechanisms of formation of different taste sensations, summarizes the results of modern research on the genetics of taste receptors, the role of individual environmental factors in the development of food preferences. Special attention is paid to the peculiarities of the child’s nutrition during the first year of life.
PREMATURITY AND LOW BIRTH WEIGHT AS RISK FACTORS FOR NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS IN CHILDREN
Authors: Zavadenko M. N. , Davydova L. A.
Published: September 2018

The introduction of modern technologies and the widespread use of intensive care in neonatology have led to an increase in the survival rate of children, who were born deeply premature with a low, very low, and extremely low body weight. The purpose of the study: evaluation of  the peculiarities of  neuropsychic development and the frequency of  occurrence of  neuropsychiatric disorders by the age of 5-8 years in children, who were born deeply premature with extremely low, very low, and low body weight in comparison with healthy peers. We examined 122 patients aged from 5 years 0 months to 8 years 0 months, 36 were born with very low body weight, 36 with extremely low body weight, 50 with low body weight, and 30 children were included into the control group. To assess the main complaints in patients, a structured questionnaire for parents was used. To study emotional and behavioral disorders in children, T.Achenbach’s structured questionnaire for the parents was used. Results and discussion. Data from the T.Achenbach’s parents’ questionnaire indicated significantly more expressed and pronounced manifestations of isolation, psychosomatic disorders, anxiety, problems of socialization and thinking, attention disorders, problems of behavior and aggressiveness in the examined children. In the groups of the examined patients, compared with peers, were significantly higher scores on the scales of “Internalizing manifestations” and “Externalizing manifestations”. It was shown that profound prematurity and birth with extremely low, very low and low body weight are important predisposing factors for the neurodevelopmental disorders in children: autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, developmental dyspraxia, specific learning difficulties. Early diagnosis of these conditions determines the effectiveness of therapeutic measures with the need of individual approach and comprehensive medical-psychological-pedagogical support.
MODERN POSSIBILITIES OF HEREDITARY DISEASES TREATMENT IN CHILDREN
Authors: Nikolaeva E. A. , Semyachkina A. N.
Published: September 2018

In recent decades, the progressive development of medical genetics has led to significant advances in the diagnosis and therapy of hereditary pathology. As a result, the attitude of clinicians to hereditary diseases as to fatal and incurable, is gradually changing. Early dietary therapy of phenylketonuria and a number of other diseases provides full medical and social habilitation of children. Cofactor therapy, including a special vitamin therapy, is crucial in the treatment of enzymopathiessuch as: lack of biotinidase, homocystinuria, etc. Levocarnitine therapy shows high efficiency in a number of organic acidemias. A breakthrough in the treatment of lysosomal diseases should be considered the development of enzyme-substituting and substrate-reducing drugs. Further improvement of  the effectiveness of hereditary diseases treatment seems to be associated with the introduction of gene therapy methods.
CHOLELITHIASIS IN INFANTS – CONSERVATIVE OR SURGICAL TREATMENT?
Authors: Lupash N. G. , Shakaryan K. A. , Matalayeva S. Yu. , Kharitonova L. A.
Published: September 2018

The aim of the research: to optimize the treatment strategy of cholelithiasis in infants by studying the conservative therapy and surgical treatment effectiveness.

Children with cholelithiasis were divided into three groups: 60 children received conservative treatment; 14 children were not treated; 22 children underwent cholecystectomy. Conservative treatment was carried out by administration of Ursofalk suspension (Dr. Falk Farma, Germany) on the daily dose basis – 20 mg/kg of body weight per day once a day – at bedtime. Duration of litholysis ranged from 6 to 24 months. The therapeutic effect was controlled every 3 months by ultrasound examination of the bile ducts and biochemical analysis of blood serum.

Results. Contractile function of the gallbladder normalized after 6 months, biochemical markers of cholestasis after 3 weeks, lipidogram by the end of  the second year of conservative treatment. All children tolerated therapy well. No side effects were found. No spontaneous dissolution of gallstones was observed in 14 children who did not receive litholytic therapy. In 22 children, who underwent surgery, morphological changes in the gallbladder wall were reversible, but most of them formed post-cholecystectomy syndrome. In view of the aforesaid, conservative therapy should be considered the priority method of cholelithiasis treatment in children under 3 years of age. Surgical treatment should be performed only according to vital indications.
A GRAPHIC TOOL FOR ESTIMATION OF THE AREA OF BURNS IN CHILDREN
Authors: Akimenkov A. M. , Budkevich L. I. , Dolotova D. D. , Kobrinskii B. A. , Matveev N. V. , Schurova L. V.
Published: September 2018

The severity of burns depends both on their size and depth of affected tissues. The existing simple methods for estimation of the injured skin area are not precise, especially in children. During last decades, attempts were made to employ information technologies for more precise estimation of the skin area affected by the burn. Usually, a special template («skitsa») is used to represent a human body in a schematic way, allowing automatic calculation of affected area with high accuracy. It is especially important in children, since proportions of their bodies vary greatly at different ages.

A computer graphic tool for estimation of area of burns was designed for the Department of Pediatric Burns. It uses an algorithm that allows to adjust burn data displayed on a two-dimensional template, taking into account the three-dimensional nature of the human body. Such correction increases burn area estimation accuracy. Additionally, this system allows using digital photographs of burn area for dynamic assessment of skin condition during treatment. A special algorithm is used to compensate for possible color distortions of the photographs in series, enabling better possibility of patient’s skin condition comparison at different times.
Provision of medicinal products to children with orphan diseases in the Rostov region
Authors: Kosiakova N. V.
Published: September 2018

Provision of medicinal productsto children with orphan diseasesis an urgent problem, because itssolution involves medical and social issues. The aim of this work was to study the social and economic aspects of provision of medicinal products to children with orphan diseases in the Rostov region.

In the regional segment of the Federal Register of patients with orphan diseases, patients under the age of 18 years represent over 65% (rate of increase 76.6%), one in two patients has a disability. Structure of nosological forms of orphan diseases of patients under the age of 18 years has been determined. An analysis of the cost of pathogenetic therapy of patients with orphan diseases allowed to establish the top-5 most financially costly nosologies. Given the peculiarity of pathogenetic therapy of orphan disease and special conditions of  the administration of medicines, the need for redistribution of financing aid and additional attraction of CHI funds has been shown. It has been established that orphan diseases may not be included in the clinical and statistical groups together with other nosologies, not related to the orphan ones. When determining the estimated cost of medical care and medicinal therapy, it is necessary to form independent clinical and statistical groups for each orphan disease and develop indicators, characterizing clinical resources. Discussed the need for the social adaptation of children with orphan diseases.
“First STEP” or Nature Deserves a Second Chance! Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Aldeiri Bashar , Coletta Riccardo , Morabito Antonino
Published: September 2018

Aim: Surgical management of short bowel syndrome (SBS) in children is challenging. Recently, more authors are advocating for the neonatal serial transverse enteroplasty procedure (STEP) in SBS quoting the term “primary STEP” or “first STEP.” This review sought to identify the current published indications for neonatal STEP and to analyze their subsequent outcomes.Methods: We performed an OVID MEDLINE/ EMBASE search using the keywords: (Bowel, enteroplasty, intestinal lengthening, STEP, and short bowel) limited to children since the introduction of STEP in 2003 prospero systematic review registration number (CRD42017076955).Results: Thirteen papers matched our search criteria, and accurate data were available from 10 papers. A total of 26 cases had a STEP procedure at a median age of 2.5 days. The primary diagnosis was Jejunal atresia (62%), gastroschisis (19%), gastroschisis with atresia (15%), and midgut volvulus (4%). Almost a third (7/23) of the cases did not meet the anatomical definition of SBS and had a pre STEP residual small bowel (SB) length of ≥50 cm. Only 6 cases (26%) achieved enteral autonomy after the “first STEP,” interestingly in half the pre STEP SB length was ≥90 cm, 13 (56%) required a second STEP, 9 (40%) are still parenteral nutrition dependant, 4 more cases achieved enteral autonomy following a second STEP, 3 infants died, and one required SB transplantation. Significant post-operative complications were reported in four cases, and bowel redilatation occurred in almost all true SBS cases.Conclusion: Redilatation following “first STEP” is very common, may influence the ability to achieve enteral autonomy and generally necessitates further surgical intervention. The limited current evidence does not support the widespread use of STEP in the neonatal period. STEP can be a method of mucosal-sparing tailoring procedure; however, its outcomes in primary bowel lengthening in the neonatal period are yet to be established, and further studies are required before it is widely adopted.
Congenital Complete Esophageal Diaphragm: A Rare Variant of Esophageal Stenosis
Authors: Kechiche Nahla , Farhani Rabeb , Hmida Badii , Lamiri Rachida , Ezzi Aziza , Belhassen Samia , Mosbehi Sana , Ksia Amine , Sahnoun Lasaad , Mekki Mongi , Belguith Mohssen , Nouri Abdellatif
Published: September 2018

Congenital esophageal web is a rare disorder that presents a diagnostic and management challenge. In a female infant born at 31 weeks of gestation, significant secretions and respiratory distress were noted at birth. Chest X-ray demonstrated the nasogastric tube in the esogastric junction with no distal bowel gas. Esophagogram showed a congenital web near the esogastric junction. An endoscopic examination under general anesthesia showed a complete, thick membrane on the distal esophageal lumen. Endoscopic incision and cauterization of the web through the midline were performed, improving the clinical symptoms and esophageal stenosis.
QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF MAGNESIUM CARBONATE IN PAN MASALA AND GUTKA
Authors: Priyambada Pandey , Anju Goyal
Published: September 2018

Objective: The objective of present study is to detect and quantitatively estimate Magnesium Carbonate, a potential carcinogen used for its anti-caking property in various brands of Pan Masala and Gutka by the simple, economic and effective method.Methods: The water-soluble extract of various brands of Pan Masala and Gutka was prepared by a wrist action rotary shaker for 60 min. The extract was filtered, and the filtrate was titrated against 0.1N EDTA using Eriochrome Black T indicator at pH 10 and using Murexide indicator at pH 12.Results: The presence of Magnesium Carbonate was found to be less than 2% in all brands of Pan Masala and less than 3% in all brands of Gutka samples used in the analysis.Conclusion: There is Magnesium Carbonate used in all brands of Pan Masala and Gutka used in the present study.
Keinotekoiset kommentit?
Authors: Sihvonen Tanja , Lehti Lotta
Published: September 2018

Artikkelissa tarkastellaan sosiaalista mediaa itseilmaisullisen retoriikan ja erityisesti astroturffaukseksi nimetyn ilmiön kautta. Itseilmaisut ovat yksilön subjektiivista näkökulmaa edustavia, arvottavia mediasisältöjä eli kuvia, tekstejä ja videoita, joilla sekä ilmaistaan oma kanta että pyritään vaikuttamaan muiden mielipiteisiin. Astroturffauksen määrittelemme organisaatiolähtöiseksi, tietoisesti ja harhauttamalla vaikuttamaan pyrkiväksi digitaaliseksi viestinnäksi, jota toteuttavat ruohonjuuritason mediakäyttäjät tai sellaisina esiintyvät henkilöt.

Artikkelin keskiössä on kysymys siitä, miten itseilmailullinen retoriikka ja sen toteutumista tukevat sosiaalisen median käytännöt voidaan valjastaa astroturffauksen tarkoitusperiä varten. Tarkastelemme artikkelissa astroturffausta teorialähtöisesti mutta myös keskustelupalstoilta, Twitteristä, Instagramista ja YouTubesta kerättyjen esimerkkien kautta kysyen, millaisesta vaikuttamisesta siinä on kyse, miten sen tunnistaa ja miten siihen voi varautua. Vertailemme astroturffausta sitä lähellä oleviin ilmiöihin, kuten työntekijälähettilyyteen, trollaukseen, vaikuttajaviestintään ja spämmiviesteihin. Keskeisin argumenttimme on, että astroturffaus on monitahoinen ilmiö, jonka tunnistaminen vaatii pitkälle kehittyneitä mediataitoja.
Fugiendo vincimus! Isä, poika ja pyhä valta
Authors: Sihvonen Jukka
Published: September 2018

Artikkeli julkaistu alun perin Lähikuvassa 2/1992, 6-17.
Pengembangan Modul Pembelajaran Matematika Berbasis Etnomatematika Menggunakan Metode Inkuiri
Authors: Mardiah Siti , Widyastuti Rany , Rinaldi Achi
Published: September 2018

This research entitled Development of Mathematics Based Module of Ethnomathematics using Inkuiri method. This study aims to find out how the development of mathematics learning module based on ethnomathematics using inquiry method, and to know the teacher and student response to the development of mathematics learning module based on ethnomathematics using inquiry method. This research method is Research and Development (R&D) using 4D model. Based on the results of the validation of stage 1 by the material experts obtained a cumulative average of 65.36% with the criteria of "good enough" which means that there is an improvement of some aspects contained in the module. After performing a series of revisions, the average score of cumulative of 84.02% validation with "good" criterion was obtained, so there is no revision of the module. The average score of cumulative validation of stage 1 by a media expert is 60% with a "good enough" code which means that it needs to be revised in some parts of the module. In the second stage of validation, the average cultivation is 86.66% with "very good" criteria so that the module is valid and ready for a field trial. From the results of research teacher response to the module obtained an average of 86.15% with the criteria "very interesting". In the small group trial, the average of 85% was obtained with interesting criteria and large group trial obtained an average of 87.28% with very interesting criteria so that the module is feasible and ready to be used as teaching materials.
Pengembangan Modul Matematika dengan Pendekatan Science, Technology, Engineering, And Mathematics (STEM) pada Materi Segiempat
Authors: Utami Taza Nur , Jatmiko Agus , Suherman Suherman
Published: September 2018

This study aims to determine the feasibility of mathematical modules with STEM approach and the response of learners and teachers to the attractiveness of the module. The research and development procedure used is the Borg and Gall development model modified by sugiyono. The data collection instruments used are questionnaires given to experts to know the feasibility of the products and questionnaires given to learners and teachers to know the attractiveness of the product. The results of the study indicate that the assessment of the experts is very reasonable (87% of material experts, 89% of media experts and 92% of linguists), the response of learners and teachers is very interesting (89% small group trial, 87% field trials and 90% teacher test).
Pengembangan E-Modul Berbasis Learning Content Development System Pokok Bahasan Pola Bilangan SMP
Authors: Ula Iin Rahmatul , Fadila Abi
Published: September 2018

This study aims to produce instructional materials in the form of electronic module based learning content development system on the matter of pattern number. This research method is Research and Development (R & D) based on ADDIE model. Assessment of material experts on the learning media is included in the category of "Valid" with an average value of 3.46. The media expert's assessment of this e-module is included in the "Valid" category with an average grade of 3.66. The linguist's assessment of this medium is included in the "Valid" category with an average grade of 3.6. In a small-scale trial followed by 10 students of class VII obtained an average score of 3.65 based on the results of a response questionnaire that has been filled by the learner, this result puts the e-module on the criteria "Very Interesting". In large-scale field trials followed by 30 students, the average score of attractiveness obtained was 3.55 on the criteria "Very interesting".
Shaken Baby Syndrome. Case Report
Authors: Iov Tatiana , David Sofia , Damian Simona , Knieling A. , Diac Mădălina Maria , Tabian D. , Bulgaru-Iliescu Diana
Published: September 2018

Recognition of abuse and the treatment of child victims are recent concepts in the history of mankind. Increasing the awareness of the need to treat and prevent such abuse is a characteristic of modern society. The beaten child syndrome was described by Ambroise Tardieu in 1860, and Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS) was clearly illustrated in medical literature a century later by Caffey in 1972. The definition of SBS is based on the association of major intracranial lesions with minimal external lesions and the diagnosis is still difficult to establish. The authors describe a reduced number of 7 cases of pediatric patients addressed for forensic expertise and where suspicion of SBS has arisen. The lesion mechanisms involved in the production of this syndrome are still controversial and are sources of frequent debates in legal medicine. These uncertainties can make legal punishment inoperable. The therapeutic management of these children in neurosurgery is not subject to international consensus, and discrepancies between different clinics impede a comparative cohort assessment. However, SBS is a major public health problem due to severe neurological injuries caused to child victims during brain development.
Parasagittal Meningioma Surgery
Authors: ElBadry Ashraf , Abdelazeez Azza
Published: September 2018

Background: meningioma in parasagittal location represent between 20%-30% of meningioma in the cranial cavity. The close relation of it with Superior Sagittal Sinus make its surgical resection is a great challenge to the surgeon to get a good result. Patients & method: we collected 23 cases of Parasagittal Meningioma cases medical records (including pre-& postoperative clinical pictures, images plus operative details and complications post operatively) who admitted to neurosurgery dept., Mansoura University Hospital and underwent surgical resection in the period that began in 2010 and ended in 2016. We followed up the cases at least for 6 months. Results: the patient’s age varied between 64-35 years. 16 female & 7 males. The presenting symptoms was headache (11 patients), fits (6 patients), motor weakness (5 cases), abnormal gait (1 patient) and dizziness (1 case). 15 cases had gross total tumor excision while 8 cases showed partial tumor removal. Recurrence rat was in 4 cases (17.4%) plus two mortality cases. Conclusion: through our series we could detect cardinal factors in prognosis of these cases which included: tumor size, histology, preoperative identification of the venous collateral and preservation of it in the surgical maneuver. The meticulous microscopic surgical technique can augment this goal.
Biomarkers of Glioblastoma Multiforme: Current Update
Authors: Satyarthee Guru Dutta , Moscote-Salazar Luis Rafael , Agrawal Amit
Published: September 2018

Glioblastoma multiforme (G.B.M.) represents one of the commonest intracranial tumor associated with very poor prognosis. Despite recent advances in genomics and microneurosurgical techniques, chemotherapy regimens, radiation technology but despite of these mortality and morbidity still remains unacceptable very high. Various markers are utilized to stratify into different category in a desperate attempt to find out suitable therapeutic regimen to promote improved neurological outcome. Authors briefly reviews various biomarkers and utility in management of GBM.