bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pesticide production wastewater treatment by Electro-Fenton using Taguchi experimental design
Authors: Pham Thanh Luu , Boujelbane Faten , Bui Hiep Nghia , Nguyen Hieu Trung , Bui Xuan-Thanh , Nguyen Duy Ngoc , Nguyen Ha Thai Tran , Phan Hao Anh , Duong Huong Thi Giang , Bui Ha Manh
Published: September 2021

In this study, the electro-Fenton (EF) method was applied to remove total organic carbon (TOC) from the pesticide production wastewater containing tricyclazole (TC). Statistical Taguchi method was used to optimize the treatment performance. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that the polynomial regression model fitted experimental data with R2 of 0.969. The optimal conditions for eliminating 75.4% TOC and 93.7% TC were 0.2 mM of Fe2+, 990 mg/L of Na2SO4, 180 min of reaction time at pH 3 with 2.22 mA/cm2 of current density. The removal of TC present in the wastewater followed the first-order reaction kinetic model (R2 = 0.993); while that was the second-order kinetic model in the case of the TOC removal (R2 = 0.903). In addition, the experimental results and theory approaches (density functional theory and natural bond orbital calculations) also showed the C-N bond breaking and nitrate ions cleavage to ammonia. Acute toxicity of the pesticide wastewater after treatment (PWAT) on microcrustaceans showed that the treated wastewater still exhibited high toxicity against D. magna, with LC50 values of 3.84%, 2.68%, 2.05%, and 1.78% at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h, respectively.
Metabolitos secundarios, actividad biológica y etnobotánica de plantas de Santa Marta
Authors: Macías-Villamizar Víctor Enrique , Badran-Padilla Roxana , Rodríguez-Ochoa Jessica Mercedes , Silva-Román Heber Luis
Published: September 2021

Metabolitos secundarios, actividad biológica y etnobotánica de plantas de Santa Marta es una obra que reúne aspectos relacionados con la química de productos naturales vegetales de especies de la ciudad de Santa Marta (Magdalena). Se resaltan el tipo y la diversidad estructural de los metabolitos secundarios y la actividad biológica, producto del análisis de resultados reportados de los diferentes bioensayos. También se incluye la predicción de actividad biológica utilizando la herramienta PASS (predicción de espectros de actividad para sustancias biológicamente activa) de algunos de los metabolitos comunes. Se menciona igualmente el uso en medicina folclórica, a nivel mundial, de algunas especies de Santa Marta, relacionado en algunos casos con la actividad biológica reportada en la literatura científica. Las especies se presentan en el libro en orden alfabético por familia y se muestran resultados de ensayos biológicos de fracciones o extractos totales. Asimismo, se podrán encontrar esquemas y actividades de aprendizaje, además de una guía general para el uso del software PASS Online-Way2Drug, con la finalidad de motivar el desarrollo del aprendizaje autónomo o de competencias académicas.
MORBIMORTALIDADE POR CAUSAS EXTERNAS NO BRASIL ENTRE 2015 E 2019: ESTUDO ECOLÓGICO
Authors: Deysny de Matos Celino Suely , De Brito Nunes Waleska , Melo de Macedo Sonaly , Bruno Lima da Silva Sidney , Barbosa de Andrade Fábia
Published: September 2021

Introdução: Agravos à saúde ocasionados por causas externas incluem, tanto agravos oriundos de determinantes acidentais, quanto intencionais. Sendo multifatorial, encontra-se como uma das principais causas de morbimortalidade no mundo, com destaque na população jovem, economicamente ativa e do sexo masculino. Objetivo: Realizar um levantamento em bases de dados secundários nacionais acerca da morbimortalidade no Brasil por causas externas descrevendo possíveis tendências por faixa etária entre os anos de 2015 a 2019. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo do tipo transversal, ecológico, retrospectivo com abordagem quantitativa, realizado em base de dados secundários. Resultados: Os dados revelaram consideráveis valores de taxas e morbimortalidade por causa externas gerais no Brasil. Dando destaque às agressões; acidentes de transporte e lesões autoprovocadas voluntariamente, em espacial entre a população jovem. Conclusões: Frente aos possíveis impactos do agravo em estudo, nos âmbitos da saúde e economia, entende-se que devem ser investigados aspectos específicos acerca das localidades e das diversas variáveis envolvidas que elucidem necessidades singulares importantes para o planejamento em âmbitos loco regionais já que cada agravo pode ter comportamento diferente nos distintos territórios.
Overview of Polyethylene Glycol-based Materials with a Special Focus on Core-Shell Particles for Drug Delivery Application
Authors: Shah Nasrullah , Hussain Manzoor , Rehan Touseef , Khan Abbas , Khan Zubair Ullah
Published: September 2021

:

Polyethylene glycols (PEG) are water-soluble nonionic polymeric molecules. PEG and PEG-based
materials are used for various important applications, such as solvents, adhesives, adsorbents, drug delivery
agents, tissue engineering scaffolds, etc. The coating of nanoparticles with PEG forms core-shell nanoparticles.
The PEG-based core-shell nanoparticles are synthesized for the development of high-quality drug delivery systems.
In the present review, we first explained the basics and various applications of PEGs and PEG-based composites
materials and then concentrated on the PEG-based core-shell nanoparticles for biomedical applications,
specifically their use in drug delivery.
Therapies for RYR1-Related Myopathies: Where We Stand and the Perspectives
Authors: Beaufils Mathilde , Travard Lauriane , Rendu John , Marty Isabelle
Published: September 2021

:

RyR1-related myopathies are a family of genetic neuromuscular diseases due to mutations in the
RYR1 gene. No treatment exists for any of these myopathies today, which could change in the coming years
with the growing number of studies dedicated to the pre-clinical assessment of various approaches, from pharmacological
to gene therapy strategies, using the numerous models developed up to now. In addition, the first
clinical trials for these rare diseases have just been completed or are being launched. We review the most recent
results obtained for the treatment of RyR1-related myopathies, and, in view of the progress in therapeutic development
for other myopathies, we discuss the possible future therapeutic perspectives for RyR1-related myopathies.
Diversity in the Accessory Proteins of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and
MERS-CoV Betacoronaviruses
Authors: Cruz Christian A.K. , Medina Paul M.B.
Published: September 2021

:

Along with structural and non-structural proteins, SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and
MERS-CoV can also express accessory proteins. During the past few years, there have been only a
few studies focusing on this set of proteins. Despite available data on these proteins, there are still a
lot of questions on the functions of these proteins during infection that must be answered. With
these three betacoronaviruses causing outbreaks in humans during the past few years, the need for a
thorough understanding of the roles of these proteins is becoming more important and relevant. This
review provides a survey of the existing knowledge on the roles of these proteins during infection.
In addition to current evidence, a more comprehensive view of the functions of these proteins is
presented together with their potential as therapeutic targets, which were determined by using different
bioinformatics platforms. This information may help test effective therapeutic regimens
against these viruses and in preparing for future pandemics.
Feasibility and Efficacy of Low-profile Visual Intraluminal Support
Device: A Single Center Five-year Experience
Authors: Davidov Vitaliy , Sadrameli Saeed , Desai Virendra , Lee Jonathan , Austerman Ryan , Jenson Amanda , Boghani Zain , Britz Gavin , Diaz Orlando , Klucznik Richard P. , Zhang Yi Jonathan
Published: September 2021

Introduction:

The Low-Profile Visualized Intraluminal Support (LVIS) devices are a
new generation of self-expandable, high-porosity stents approved for the treatment of large to giant
wide-necked intracranial aneurysms via stent-assisted coiling. Here we report the radiographic and
clinical outcomes seen with LVIS, LVIS Jr. and LVIS Blue from a single institution over a fiveyear
period.

Methods:

Patients with intracranial aneurysms treated by LVIS, LVIS Jr. and LVIS Blue technology
over a five-year period (2012 - 2017) at our institution were retrospectively reviewed.

Results:

Seventy-four patients (55 females and 19 males; average age = 59.2) with 74 aneurysms
underwent embolization of intracranial aneurysms using LVIS (N = 10), LVIS Jr. (N = 47) or
LVIS Blue (N = 12) devices at our institution over the study period. The most common location of
treated aneurysms was the anterior communicating artery (31%), followed by the basilar artery
(19%), and the middle cerebral artery (13%). The mean neck and dome sizes were 3.9±1.5mm and
6.6±3.2mm, respectively. The median follow-up time was 6 months. At the last radiographic follow-
up, 93.1% of patients had complete occlusion (RR-I or OKM-D). In 5 cases (7%), the LVIS
stent failed to open, requiring balloon angioplasty (N = 3) or stent recapture and use of a non-LVIS
branded device (N = 2). Five patients had post-embolization infarcts, and 1 patient had an intra-operative
dome rupture.

Conclusion:

LVIS brand of stents is a safe, effective, and technically feasible treatment strategy
for wide-neck intracranial aneurysms, with high deployment success and aneurysm obliteration
rates.
High-component Reactions (HCRs): An Overview of MCRs Containing
Seven or More Components as Versatile Tools in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Nikoofar Kobra , Yielzoleh Fatemeh Molaei
Published: September 2021

Recently, multi-component reactions (MCRs) have gained special attention due to their versatility for the synthesis of polycyclic heterocycles. Moreover, their applicability can become more widespread as they can be combined together as a union of MCRs. In this overview, the authors have tried to collect the MCRs containing more than seven components that can lead to effectual heterocycles in organic and/or pharmaceutical chemistry. The review contains papers published up to the end of 2020. The subject is classified based on the number of substrates, such as seven-, eight-, nine-, ten-, and more components. The authors expect their report to be helpful for researchers to clarify their route to significant MCRs.
Rationality, Efficacy, Tolerability of Empagliflozin Plus Linagliptin Combination for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Observational Studies
Authors: Chenchula Santenna , Varthya Shoban Babu , Padmavathi R.
Published: September 2021

Background:

Treatment of diabetes mellitus includes more than one drug of different
groups, which may lead to a high pill burden and non-adherence to drugs. We have aimed to systematically
analyze the clinical efficacy, safety, and pharmacoeconomic cost-effectiveness of the
fixed-dose combination of empagliflozin plus a linagliptin in Type-2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.

Methods:

A literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Google Scholar, and EMBASE
was performed using the MeSH terms and/or keywords“((Single-pill combination) OR ((Fixeddose
combination) OR (Combination therapy)) AND (Empagliflozin add on-to Linagliptin) OR
(Empagliflozin combined with Linagliptin) OR ((Combination of Empagliflozin and Linagliptin)”
from the inception to February 2021.

Results:

Search results were found in a total of 13 clinical studies. After removing duplicates and
studies not according to inclusion criteria, a total of eight clinical studies (Randomized controlled
trials: 7; Observational cohort studies: 1) were included (n=7491). A significant reduction in the primary
endpoint, the mean changes in baseline HbA1c at the end of 24 weeks and/or 52 weeks was
found in the empagliflozin plus a linagliptin combination group in all included studies. In addition,
significant efficacy was seen in decreasing the secondary endpoints such as the mean change in the
fasting plasma glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and body weight with fewer
adverse events than the adverse effects with either drug alone.

Conclusion:

After reviewing findings from the available clinical studies of the combination of empagliflozin
plus linagliptin, we conclude that the combination is effective, safe, tolerable, and rationale
cost effective compared to placebo and either drug alone for the management of T2DM in patients
with inadequate glycemic control with metformin alone, patients with intolerance to metformin,
increased baseline HbA1c, patients with overweight or obesity and diabetic hypertensive,
CHF, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and renal dysfunction patients. Future randomized
controlled trials in a larger number of T2DM patients with or without CHF and renal failure patients
are recommended.
A Review on Experimental Models for Screening Plant Food and Human
Nutrition
Authors: Majumdar Ashish , Pandey Ravindra Kumar , Shukla Shiv Shankar , Gidwani Beena
Published: September 2021

Background:

Malnutrition is a common universal health problem, but it is more
chronic for developing countries. Due to increasing nursing home recognition, it has become a
major research priority internationally. Lower immunity due to malnutrition has a high prevalence
and other clinical consequences. Disease-related malnutrition is potentially severe for patients
and has a high economic impact on the healthcare system.

Objectives:

The aim of this review is to describe various experimental models employed for
the evaluation of malnutrition and immunomodulatory activities.

Methods:

This review is intended for both clinicians and researchers to describe several
screening methods that better suit the type of lead compounds and are suitable for screening
molecules for better treatment outcomes.

Results:

This review focuses on the various screening methods for the evaluation of malnutrition
and suggests their implications in the research and practice.

Conclusion:

The malnutrition-induced diseases cause a rise in health care costs that can be
minimized with an introduction of drugs and nutritional supplements by selecting proper
screening models and performing exhaustive research.
Ginkgo Biloba: A Famous Living Fossil Tree and an Ancient Herbal
Traditional Chinese Medicine
Authors: Shahrajabian Mohamad Hesam , Sun Wenli , Cheng Qi
Published: September 2021

Background:

Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) is a living fossil and a deciduous tree, having
extracts with antidiabetic, antioxidant, anticancer, antihypertensive, immunostimulating, hepatoprotective,
and antimicrobial activities, memory enhancement efficiency, and beneficial effects
against neurodegenerative disease.

Objective:

This study aimed at evaluating the medicinal values and natural benefits of Ginkgo.

Methods:

This review investigated publication in MEDLINE/PubMed database and Google
Scholar. The keywords used for an electronic search were Ginkgo biloba, living fossil, bioactive
components, and traditional Chinese medicine.

Results:

The main active constituents of Ginkgo biloba are flavone glycosides such as
kaempferol, quercetin, and isorhamnetin, terpene lactones, alkylphenols, proanthocyanidins,
rhamnose, glucose, D-glucaric acid, ginkgolic acid, organic acids such as hydroxykinurenic,
kynurenic, protocatechic, shikimic, and vanillic. Ginkgo kernels have been used as medicine or
eaten as nuts in traditional medicinal science. The most notable pharmaceutical applications of
Ginkgo are observed in cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, impaired cerebral performance,
vascular insufficiency, antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction, premenstrual syndrome,
liver fibrosis, vascular disease, tinnitus, macular degeneration, memory, and vertigo.

Conclusion:

The development of modern drugs from Ginkgo by considering the importance of
traditional medicinal Asian science with further research works should be emphasized.
Concurrent Training for Women in Menopause: Protocol of a Randomized
Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Fausto Danielly Yani , Klen Juliana Araujo , Pogere Adriane , Sperandio Fabiana Flores , de Carvalho Souza Vieira Melissa , Alexandre Kettlyn Hames , de Azevedo Guimarães Adriana Coutinho
Published: September 2021

Objective:

To propose a concurrent training protocol and evaluate the effects on depressive
symptoms, anxiety, mood, sexual function, body fat, muscular strength, cardiorespiratory capability,
and hormonal profile of women in menopause through a randomized controlled trial.

Methods:

This is a randomized clinical trial of two arms with 6 months of intervention with concurrent
training with menopausal women (40 to 59 years old) with positive symptomatology to the
Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) questionnaire and blood collection of Follicle Stimulating Hormone
(FSH) ≥25 UI/ml, being randomly and distributed in two groups: experimental group (EG)
and control group (CG). In the first trimester, there will be 30 minutes of aerobic training and 30
minutes of resistance training; in the second trimester, 40 minutes of aerobic training and 20 minutes
of resistance training. The weekly frequency will be 3 times a week, with sessions lasting 60
minutes, going through a period of neuromuscular adaptation. The intensity will be increased each
month according to individual needs. The control group will maintain its activities, normally receiving
monthly calls to control and monitor its usual daily activities.

Main outcome measures:

Comparative analyzes will be applied between the results of EG and
CG after the intervention period, and also pre-and post-intragroup tests within both groups in order
to observe possible changes after the intervention.

Conclusion:

It is believed that this protocol is capable of treating the psychological, physical symptoms,
hormonal profile, and sexual function of menopausal women.
Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel 1,2,4-triazine Derivatives Containing
Thiazole Ring against Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Mohamed Heba , AL-Ghareeb Mohamed , Abd-Allah Raghda
Published: September 2021

Background:

New 6-hydroxy-5-(p-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-phenyl-2- [(5-pchlorophenyl)-
1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-1, 2, 4-triazine derivatives containing a thiazole ring were synthesised
as potential antitumor agents.

Methods:

Cytotoxicity of compounds (3) and (4) was evaluated in human hepatocellular carcinoma
(HCC) cell lines (HepG2); compound (3) showed more cytotoxicity (IC50=9.0μg/ml) than compound
(4) (IC50=18.40μg/ml) using doxorubicin as standard. The degree of toxicity of compound
(3) was assessed by the LD50 with its anticancer performance by suppressing tumor angiogenesis
against diethylnitrosamine (DENA) induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in male rat model.

Results :

Carcinogenic rats showed a significant increase in markers of angiogenesis, tumour
growth, and liver function tests and malondialdehyde level coupled with reduced hepatic glutathione
level and caspase-3 activity. The distribution of compound (3) to animals after the development
of HCC improved biochemical alterations from a DENA chemical carcinogen that is confirmed
by hepatic histopathology.

Conclusion:

Compound 3 perhaps utilized as a strong applicant for newly therapeutic protocols
against hepatocarcinogenesis by controlling tumor angiogenesis and renovating the activity of hepatic
marker enzymes in addition to reversing the oxidant-antioxidant imbalance in corporation with
amelioration of histopathology. While the trial supports the use of compound 3 for improved HCC
outcome and the toxicity and side effects should be considered.
Anticancer Activity of Selenium Nanoparticles In Vitro Studies
Authors: Martínez-Esquivias Fernando , Gutiérrez-Angulo Melva , Pérez-Larios Alejandro , Sánchez-Burgos Jorge Alberto , Becerra-Ruiz Julieta Sarai , Guzmán-Flores Juan Manuel
Published: September 2021

Health systems worldwide consider cancer a disease that causes the highest number of deaths per year. The
low efficacy of current cancer therapies has led other areas of science to search for new alternatives, including nanomaterial
sciences. Selenium nanoparticles have anticancer activity, as revealed by in vitro tests performed on prostate,
breast, cervical, lung, colorectal, and liver cancer cell lines. Studies attribute anticancer activity to the anti-metastatic
effect due to the inhibition of migration and invasion processes. The antiproliferative effect is the low expression of
molecules such as cyclin D1, cyclin E, and CDK2. In addition to the activation of cell apoptosis by caspase-dependent
mechanisms, there is a low expression of anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 and a high expression of the apoptotic
proteins like Bax and Bad. Other studies attribute anticancer activity to the activation of cell necroptosis, where molecules
such as TNF and IRF1 participate. The pharmacological potential of selenium nanoparticles depends primarily on
the administered dose, particle size, and chemical composition. Furthermore, several studies have shown that the administration
of these nanoparticles is safe due to their low toxicity in non-cancerous cells. In this review, the most
relevant antecedents on the anticancer potential of selenium nanoparticles in prostate, breast, cervical, lung, liver, and
colorectal cancer cell lines are discussed.
A Critical Review on Microbial Fuel Cells Technology: Perspectives on Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Venkatramanan V. , Shah Shachi , Prasad Ram
Published: September 2021

Increasing demand for renewable energy in the backdrop of global change calls for waste valorization and circular economy strategies. Public health concerns and demand for clean energy provide impetus to the development of wastewater based MFC. Wastewater treatment and simultaneous generation of bioelectricity offer a myriad of environmental benefits. Nevertheless, it is pertinent to know the challenges with the microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology to upscale the wastewater based MFC. This paper attempts to critically analyse the processes, application, challenges and opportunities of wastewater based MFCs. A literature survey was conducted to find out the advances in the field of wastewater based MFCs and the focus was to decipher the challenges to the implementation of wastewater based MFCs. Recent developments in MFC technology have improved the power output and studies show that a diverse group of organic-rich wastewater can be treated with MFCs. The developments include improvements in MFC configuration, development of biocatalysts and biocathode, anodic biofilm formation, microbial community interactions, and progress in the organic and pollutant removal. Nevertheless, the MFC technology is replete with challenges about the organic removal rate, power density, electrode performance limiting factors, economic viability, high initial and maintenance cost and difficulty to maintain the exoelectrogens activity in a complex wastewater environment. Opportunities exist in scaling up of MFCs, integration with other wastewater treatment methods and measures to minimise the operating costs. MFCs have the potential to increase the resilience capacity of the sustainable wastewater treatment plant.
Green Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activities of Copper
Nanoparticles from the Rhizomes Extract of Picrorhiza kurroa
Authors: Prakash Vinit , Kumari Anjana , Kaur Harpreet , Kumar Manoj , Gupta Sumeet , Bala Ritu
Published: September 2021

Background:

Green synthesized nanoparticles from the solvent extract of various plant
parts show better biological activities as compared to parent solvent plant extract. Traditionally rhizomes
of Picrorhiza kurroa are used to cure various diseases like diarrhea, fever, jaundice, eye infection,
skin problems, asthma, arthritis, cancer, diabetes, gastrointestinal problems.

Objectives:

The present study describes the synthesis of copper nanoparticles from a hydroethanolic
extract of P. kurroa rhizomes (CuNPs-Pk) and their evaluation for antimicrobial activities against
gram-negative, gram-positive bacterial, and fungal strains.

Methods:

The solution of copper sulfate and hydroethanolic extract of rhizomes of P. kurroa was
mixed with help of a magnetic stirrer at 60°C temperature for 1 h. The blue color of CuSO4.5H2O
changed to brownish-black colored copper nanoparticles within 10 minutes. These nanoparticles
were centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 20 min, washed with ethanol, followed by deionized water, dried,
and were characterized by Ultra violet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectra, Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy (FTIR), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution
transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Different concentrations of hydroethanolic extract
of Picrorhiza kurroa rhizomes (HEEPk), CuNPs-Pk and copper oxide nanoparticles (bare CuO)
ranging from 100-400 ppm had been studied against selected bacterial and fungal strains by using
the well plate diffusion method. Ciprofloxin and fluconazole were used as standard and Dimethyl
sulfoxide (DMSO) as a control for selected strains.

Results:

The UV-Vis spectral studies confirmed the surface plasmon resonance of green-synthesized
CuNPs-Pk. The particle size was found to be 275-285 nm. FTIR analysis of biosynthesis
nanoparticles conformed the presence of various functional groups (flavonoids, glycosides, tannins,
phenols). SEM and TEM of biosynthesized nanoparticles have predicted their spherical shape
and their size (20-40 nm) and these particles have shown effective antimicrobial activities against
selected pathogenic organisms viz. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Aspergillus niger
than that of HEEPk and bare CuO.

Conclusions:

The CuNPs-Pk shows effective antimicrobial activities against bacterial and fungal
pathogens as compared to HEEPk and bare CuO.
SEM-EDAX Analysis of Jarita Vanga and Vanga
Bhasma
Authors: V Sruthi C , Patel Sneha Dinesh , S. Vikram
Published: September 2021

Use of Vanga Bhasma can traced back from ancient era. Detailed description regarding the procedure
is available in various Rasagranthas. Jarana is a special technique mentioned in recent Rasa treatises
for Puti Lohas which is an intermediate stage between Shodhana and Marana. In this study, after
performing both Samanya and Vishesha Shodhana, Vanga was subjected to Jarana using Ashwatha
Twak as per the reference of Rasa Tarangini followed by Prakshalana to remove its alkaline nature.
Later Vanga was subjected to Putapaka using Bhavana Dravya as Kumari Swarasa. Organoleptic and
Elemental constitutions of both Jarita Vanga and Vanga Bhasma where analysed to see the differences
and to observe the changes due to Samanya Shodhana and Vishesha Shodhana.
An experimental evaluation of Vishagna (Alstonia venenata R. Br.) a folk medicinal plant for anticonvulsant activity in Swiss Albino Mice
Authors: PR Anusha , Bhat Chandrakanth , Shetty Hariprasad , Bhat Sudhakar
Published: September 2021

Back ground: Epilepsy describes a condition in which a person has recurrent seizures due to a chronic, underlying process. Globally, it is the third most common neurological disorder. There is still a need for an ideal anticonvulsant agent with broad spectrum activity, rapid onset of action, least side effects, good bio availability and low cost. Materials and Methods: Vishagna (Alstonia venenata R. Br.) belonging to Apocynaceae family is an ethno medicinal plant; the stem bark of the plant is used as antiepileptic drug among tribes. This study aims to experimentally evaluate anticonvulsant activity of the drug in PTZ induced generalized seizures and kindling on Swiss albino mice. The acute oral toxicological evaluation of the drug was conducted prior to the anticonvulsant study. Result and Conclusion: Result of the toxicological study reveals that the drug is relatively safe to be used as medicine. The data of the experimental study shows that the drug is moderate to highly effective anticonvulsant in PTZ induced generalized seizures and is mild-moderately helpful in controlling the development of kindled seizures in mice. It also shows that the drug imparts protective action against a sub convulsive dose of PTZ in kindling by inhibiting epileptogenesis and development of potential seizure threshold even when the disease was fully developed.
A review of clinical trial on evalution of Taila Payita Amrutha Tantu and Mersilk as suturing material w.s.r. to Riju Granthi technique in Sadyo Vrana
Authors: Krishna Ashitha , Dr. , Sweta KM
Published: September 2021

Wounds are the most common problem faced by man since his very existence. So long as human has treated the wounds we have looked for the way to close them. Suturing is an inseparable part of surgery which needs no introduction, although the first description of sutures and suturing material is from Susrutha Samhitha. It is true that very few of them are practically tried now, Amrutha Tantu was taken for the study in view of testing its efficiency and whether it exhibits any medicinal property to wound. For these study effects were compared with Mersilk as this is also non absorbable most commonly used suture materials, Total 60 patients 30 in each group were taken for study about efficiency of both suture materials were assessed with criteria like pain edema colour temperature, tenderness and discharge. Efficacy of Amruth Tantu was found equal to Mersilk with extra benfit of faster wound healing due to anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial property of Guduchi.
Nagapashana Pishti - A Potent Cardio Tonic
Authors: AMR Vidya , LV Chaitra , KB Jeevesh
Published: September 2021

Nagapashana (Serpentine), a hydrous silicate of Magnesium (Mg6 (Sio10) OH8), is an important mineral drug used in Ayurveda, often in the form of Pishti (fine powder of Nagapashana). It is a Hrudya Dravya (cardiotonic). It is particularly indicated in Hrud Dourbalyaa, a condition associated with weakness of cardiac muscles. Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in developed and developing countries. The present study was conducted to evaluate the cardio tonic activity of Nagapashana Pishti on Wistar rats. In the in-vivo study, Doxorubicin (2mg/kg) for 7 days was used to induce cardiac damage and the cardio tonic effect of Nagapashana Pishti at a dose of 150 and 300 mg/kg.b.w, was compared with standard drug Digoxin. Biochemical assays like serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG) and Creatine kinase Monoenzyme B (CKMB) were done together with histopathology of heart tissue and ECG analysis. The in-vivo study revealed that Nagapashana Pishti (300mg/kg) was relatively more effective due to decreased QT and ST interval in ECG, significantly reduced levels of serum CKMB, SGOT, SGPT, TC and LDH and improvement in myocardial tissue.
Correlation of Griva Parinaah (GP) in Anguli Praman and BMI in Medovriddhi (Obesity) w.s.r. to Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: Tawalare Kiran , Pawar Jatved
Published: September 2021

The prevalence of overweight and obesity in India is increasing faster than the world average Medovriddhi (obesity) shows the symptoms as increased size of buttocks, breast and abdomen, Shwasa (breathlessness) after slight movement also. Acharya Bhavprakash added one more symptom the oversize of the neck (Griva). Acharya Sushruta mentioned the Griva measurement should be 20 Angul for both males and females with their fingers (self-finger unit). In modern science, body mass index (BMI) is used to find out obesity. Obesity is the foremost cause of cardiovascular diseases. BMI is the generalized metric way but Grivaparinaah in Swangulpramaan is a personalized quantifying anthropometric measurement. Individuals of Medovriddhi having an age group of 20 to 70 years were selected. So, intending to the height the importance of Grivaparinaah described in Medodhatu Vruddhi correlation study having been carried out. A positive correlation was found in GP with BMI in both genders having r-value of 0.3533 (p less than 0.05) for males and 0.3137 (p less than 0.05) for females. Using ROC curve analysis GP is >21.63 Angul for males and females were determined to be the best cut-off level for identifying a subject with BMI as cardiovascular risk.
A study on the efficacy of Siravyadha followed by Snuhi Kaanda Lepa in the management of Vicharchika (eczema)
Authors: Gangal Shivappa A. , Gangal Deepa S.
Published: September 2021

Beauty is either skin deep i.e. Superficial or the purity of soul itself the later which is implied to Satwa Guna is penultimate and is beyond physical afflictions. Complexion, color etc. attributed to the healthy status of Tawk (skin) and the humors and the former is mean of sensory perception and the Vata Dosha pervades in it. People who live in urban areas and in climates with low humidity seen to be at increased risk for developing atopic dermatitis. W.H.O reveals that more than 75 million people all over the world have this disease.
Effects of Different Components of Yoga: A Meta-Synthesis
Authors:   Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany, Bringmann Holger C. ,   Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany,   Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Diakoniekliniken Zschadrass, Colditz, Germany, Sedlmeier Peter ,   Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
Published: September 2021

Traditional yoga encompasses a variety of practices, such as postures, breathing techniques, meditation, and ethical teachings. However, little is known about how different components of yoga contribute to its overall effect. In this meta-synthesis, we comprehensively summarized the current evidence on differential and incremental effects of various yoga components collected from available meta-analyses. For this meta-analysis, we searched Medline/PubMed, Scopus, PsychInfo, and the Cochrane Library in July 2021. We selected only meta-analyses that performed subgroup analyses comparing the effects of different yoga components. There were no restrictions regarding yoga type, study population, or outcome variables. Nineteen meta-analyses were identified that evaluated a multitude of variables. These meta-analyses varied greatly with regard to population, study design, and yoga components under investigation. However, combined interventions incorporating multiple components consistently outperformed simple interventions. In this regard, adding breathing and/or meditation practices to yoga interventions proved particularly beneficial. However, specific components or combinations were more effective in enhancing certain variables or clinical conditions, suggesting a need for customized programs. Comparable multi-component mind–body interventions, such as yoga and mindfulness-based stress reduction, were often equally efficient. Nevertheless, most findings are preliminary, and certain components such as the ethical part of yoga are particularly under-researched. Conclusion: Future studies should isolate and compare all components of yoga and evaluate additive effects by investigating their different combinations. The researchers should refer to theoretical frameworks, use rigorous methodology, and consider individual factors.
Using Google Trends to Inform the Population Size Estimation and Spatial Distribution of Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men: Proof-of-concept Study
Authors: Card Kiffer G , Lachowsky Nathan J , Hogg Robert S
Published: September 2021

Background

We must triangulate data sources to understand best the spatial distribution and population size of marginalized populations to empower public health leaders to address population-specific needs. Existing population size estimation techniques are difficult and limited.

Objective

We sought to identify a passive surveillance strategy that utilizes internet and social media to enhance, validate, and triangulate population size estimates of gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM).

Methods

We explored the Google Trends platform to approximate an estimate of the spatial heterogeneity of the population distribution of gbMSM. This was done by comparing the prevalence of the search term “gay porn” with that of the search term “porn.”

Results

Our results suggested that most cities have a gbMSM population size between 2% and 4% of their total population, with large urban centers having higher estimates relative to rural or suburban areas. This represents nearly a double up of population size estimates compared to that found by other methods, which typically find that between 1% and 2% of the total population are gbMSM. We noted that our method was limited by unequal coverage in internet usage across Canada and differences in the frequency of porn use by gender and sexual orientation.

Conclusions

We argue that Google Trends estimates may provide, for many public health planning purposes, adequate city-level estimates of gbMSM population size in regions with a high prevalence of internet access and for purposes in which a precise or narrow estimate of the population size is not required. Furthermore, the Google Trends platform does so in less than a minute at no cost, making it extremely timely and cost-effective relative to more precise (and complex) estimates. We also discuss future steps for further validation of this approach.
Learning About the Current State of Digital Mental Health Interventions for Canadian Youth to Inform Future Decision-Making: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Kemp Jessica , Chorney Jill , Kassam Iman , MacDonald Julie , MacDonald Tara , Wozney Lori , Strudwick Gillian
Published: September 2021

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the demand for youth mental health services in Canada as disruptions to clinical care continue to persist due to the risk of transmission and exposure to the virus. Digital mental health interventions, including web-based resources and mobile apps, have provided opportunities to support youth mental health remotely across Canada. There is a need to better understand how these digital interventions are being selected, recommended, and used in various regions across Canada.

Objective

A national jurisdictional scan was completed to (1) determine what web-based programs, apps, and websites are promoted and licensed in Canada for youth mental health; (2) identify criteria and decision-making processes that Canadian jurisdictions use to select web-based programs, apps, and websites for youth mental health; and (3) identify upcoming trends, innovations, and digital mental health possibilities that are emerging in the youth sector.

Methods

The aims of the jurisdictional scan were addressed through a review of related academic and grey literature; stakeholder interviews, including individuals involved in various areas of the youth mental health sector; and a social media review of pertinent Twitter content.

Results

A total of 66 web-based resources and apps were identified for use by youth in Canada. 16 stakeholder interviews were completed and included discussions with researchers, clinicians, youth organizations, and others involved in digital interventions for youth mental health. These discussions identified a limited use of frameworks used to guide decision-making processes when selecting digital interventions. Many clinicians agreed on a similar set of eligibility requirements for youth mental health apps and digital resources, such as the evidence base and cultural relevance of the intervention. Stakeholders also identified upcoming trends and innovations in the youth digital mental health space, including artificial intelligence, digital phenotyping, and personalized therapy. Over 4 weeks, 2184 tweets were reviewed to identify and compare global and national trends and innovations involving digital mental health and youth. Key trends included the promotion of regional chat services as well as the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on youth mental health and access to care.

Conclusions

As organizations begin to plan for the delivery of mental health care following the pandemic, there are concerns about the sustainability of these digital mental health interventions as well as a need for services to be more informed by the experiences and preferences of youth.
A Program to Improve Digital Access and Literacy Among Community Stakeholders: Cohort Study
Authors: Drazich Brittany F , Nyikadzino Yeukai , Gleason Kelly T
Published: September 2021

Background

For many research teams, the role of community stakeholders is critical. However, community stakeholders, especially those in low-income settings, are at risk of being excluded from research and community engagement initiatives during and after the COVID-19 pandemic because of the rapid transition to digital operations.

Objective

We aimed to describe the implementation and feasibility of a program called Addressing the Digital Divide to Improve Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, which was designed to address barriers to technology use, and to examine changes in participants’ perceived comfort with digital technology before and after the program.

Methods

To promote full engagement, we worked with 20 existing community leaders to cocreate a training course on using digital technology. We assessed the frequency of technology use and comfort with technology through an adapted 8-item version of the Functional Assessment of Comfort Employing Technology Scale and used the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for survey analysis. We also conducted a focus group session with 10 participants and then performed reflective journaling and content analysis to determine emergent themes.

Results

We found that the program was feasible to implement and worthwhile for participants (15/16, 94%). After the program, the participants perceived an increase in the frequency of technology use (z=2.76, P=.006). The participants reported that the program was successful because of the technology training program, but recommended that the program have a slower pace and include a helpline number that they could call with questions.

Conclusions

Future programs should consider that populations with low literacy view technology training as a core element to decreasing technology disparity. This study demonstrates that through low-cost input, community members can be provided the resources and training needed to virtually participate in research studies or community engagement initiatives.
Collecting Social Media Information in a Substance Use Intervention Trial With Adolescent Girls With Lifetime Substance Use History: Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Ramos Lili M C , Delgadillo Joseline , Vélez Sarah , Dauria Emily , Salas Jamie , Tolou-Shams Marina
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

Adolescents with juvenile legal system contact face numerous barriers to participation in behavioral health intervention research, including housing disruption, legal privacy concerns, and systems mistrust. Technology, such as social media, may be a novel and developmentally appropriate adolescent research study engagement and retention tool.

OBJECTIVE

We examined data on social media information collected for study retention purposes from adolescents participating in a substance use intervention trial.

METHODS

Data were collected as part of a randomized controlled trial determining efficacy of a group-based substance use intervention for girls and young women (12-24 years) with substance use histories referred from legal and school systems in the United States. Baseline demographic and social media information was analyzed from the subset of 114 adolescent girls (mean age 15.7 years; range 13-18 years), of whom 31.6% (36/114) were legally involved, 87.7% (100/114) belonged to minoritized racial/ethnic groups, and 32.5% (37/114) received public assistance.

RESULTS

Most girls (74/114, 64.9%) provided at least one social media account (Instagram, 95% [70/74]; Facebook, 27% [20/74]; and Twitter, 11% [8/74]) during study enrollment. Legally involved girls were significantly less likely to provide social media information than school-referred girls (44% [16/36] versus 74% [58/78]; χ21 [N=114]=9.68, P=.002).

CONCLUSIONS

Obtaining social media information for study retention purposes from adolescent girls with lifetime substance use appears possible; however, particular subgroups (ie, legally involved girls) may be less likely to provide accounts. Factors shaping legally involved girls’ willingness to provide social media information, including mistrust and privacy concerns, and the impact of researcher’s access to social media information on study retention are critical directions for future research.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02293057; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02293057
Disability-Inclusive Diabetes Self-management Telehealth Program: Protocol for a Pilot and Feasibility Study (Preprint)
Authors: Evans Eric , Zengul Ayse , Hall Allyson , Qu Haiyan , Willig Amanda , Cherrington Andrea , Thirumalai Mohanraj
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

Individuals with disabilities and type 2 diabetes require self-management programs that are accessible, sustainable, inclusive, and adaptable. Health coaching has been shown to be an effective approach for improving behavioral changes in self-management. Health coaching combined with telehealth technology has the potential to improve the overall quality of and access to health services.

OBJECTIVE

This protocol outlines the study design for implementing the Artificial Intelligence for Diabetes Management (AI4DM) intervention. The protocol will assess the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of the AI4DM telehealth platform for people with disabilities.

METHODS

The AI4DM study is a 2-arm randomized controlled trial for evaluating the delivery of a 12-month intervention, which will involve telecoaching, diabetes educational content, and technology access, to 90 individuals with diabetes and physical disabilities. The hypothesis is that this pilot project is feasible and acceptable for adults with permanently impaired mobility and type 2 diabetes. We also hypothesize that adults in the AI4DM intervention groups will have significantly better glycemic control (glycated hemoglobin) and psychosocial and psychological measures than the attention control group at the 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups.

RESULTS

The AI4DM study was approved by the university’s institutional review board, and recruitment and enrollment will begin in October 2021.

CONCLUSIONS

The AI4DM study will improve our understanding of the feasibility and efficacy of a web-based diabetes self-management program for people with disabilities. The AI4DM intervention has the potential to become a scalable and novel method for successfully managing type 2 diabetes in people with disabilities.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04927377; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04927377

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/31689