bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of CHI3L1 decreases N-cadherin and VCAM-1 levels in glioblastoma
Authors: Rusak Agnieszka , Gąsior-Głogowska Marlena , Sargenti Azzurra , Krzyżak Edward , Kotowski Krzysztof , Mrozowska Monika , Górnicki Tomasz , Kujawa Krzysztof , Dzięgiel Piotr
Published: November 2024

Background

The protein CHI3L1 contributes to cancer development by several mechanisms, including stimulation of angiogenesis and invasion as well as immunomodulatory effects. These properties make it a potential target for the development of targeted therapies in precision medicine. In this context, the particular potential of CHI3L1 inhibition could be considered in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), whose tumors exhibit high levels of angiogenesis and increased CHI3L1 expression. This study aims to investigate whether inhibition of CHI3L1 in spheroids used as a GBM model affects the mechanisms of invasiveness;

Methods

We analyzed the interactions between CHI3L1 and the inhibitor G721-0282 in molecular docking and molecular dynamics (in silico) and infrared spectroscopy. Uptake of G721-0282 in GBM spheroids was measured using a label-free physical cytometer. Changes in E-, N- and VE-cadherins, VCAM-1, and EGFR were analyzed by immunohistochemical reactions, Western blot, and ddPCR methods in U-87 MG cells and GBM spheroids consisting of U-87 MG glioblastoma cells, HMEC-1 endothelial cells and macrophages;

Results

A direct interaction between CHI3L1 and G721-0282 was confirmed. G721-0282 decreased N-cadherins and VCAM-1 in GBM spheroids, but the changes in the 2D model of U-87 MG glioblastoma cells were different;

Conclusion

Inhibition of CHI3L1 has the potential to reduce the invasiveness of GBM tumors. The 3D model of GBM spheroids is of great significance for investigating changes in membrane proteins and the tumor microenvironment.
Addressing the regulatory gap: moving towards an EU AI audit ecosystem beyond the AI Act by including civil society
Authors: Hartmann David , de Pereira José Renato Laranjeira , Streitbörger Chiara , Berendt Bettina
Published: November 2024

The European legislature has proposed the Digital Services Act (DSA) and Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA) to regulate platforms and Artificial Intelligence (AI) products. We review to what extent third-party audits are part of both laws and how is access to information on models and the data provided. By considering the value of third-party audits and third-party data access in an audit ecosystem, we identify a regulatory gap in that the AIA does not provide access to data for researchers and civil society. Our contributions to the literature include: (1) Defining an AI audit ecosystem incorporating compliance and oversight. (2) Highlighting a regulatory gap within the DSA and AIA regulatory framework, preventing the establishment of an AI audit ecosystem that has effective oversight by civil society and academia. (3) Emphasizing that third-party audits by research and civil society must be part of that ecosystem, we call for AIA amendments and delegated acts to include data and model access for certain AI products. Furthermore, we call for the DSA to provide NGOs and investigative journalists with data access to platforms by delegated acts and for adaptions and amendments of the AIA to provide third-party audits and data and model access, at least for high-risk systems. Regulations modeled after EU AI regulations should enable data access and third-party audits, fostering an AI audit ecosystem that promotes compliance and oversight mechanisms.
Nutritional management for late complications of radiotherapy
Authors: lyu Jiahua , Su Yue , Bai Hansong , Kuang Hao , Li Churong , Zheng Xiumei , Liang Long , li Lu , Cheng Diou , Li Tao
Published: November 2024

Late complications of radiotherapy can include a variety of issues, such as xerostomia, dysphagia, taste changes, digestive and absorption dysfunction. These late complications can seriously impact the nutritional status and quality of life of patients following radiotherapy, and may even adversely affect tumor control and patient survival. Comprehensive nutritional management strategies should be implemented to address these late complications. For radiation-induced xerostomia, salivary stimulant drugs, saliva substitutes, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy have demonstrated efficacy in alleviating dry mouth symptoms. The management of post-radiation trismus remains challenging, with functional training, including active jaw exercises, passive motor devices, and splints, being the primary interventions. In the case of radiation-induced dysphagia, a multidisciplinary team approach is recommended, incorporating malnutrition risk assessment, personalized nutritional treatment, nursing care, rehabilitation training, and patient education. Protecting normal organs, such as the tongue and oral cavity, during radiotherapy planning can help prevent and mitigate taste changes, which can be further managed with zinc supplements, oral care, and lactoferrin supplementation. For post-radiation digestive and absorption dysfunction, a comprehensive assessment of the patient's nutritional status, site of gastrointestinal injury, and potential complications (e.g., bleeding, perforation) is crucial in guiding the selection of appropriate nutritional support, ranging from enteral nutrition as the first-line approach to supplemental or even exclusive parenteral nutrition. Surgical intervention may be necessary in some cases. By implementing these multifaceted nutritional management strategies, healthcare professionals can optimize the care of cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy and mitigate the adverse impact of late radiation complications on their overall well-being and treatment outcomes.
Atom cavity encoding for NP-complete problems
Authors: Ye Meng , Li Xiaopeng
Published: November 2024

We consider an atom-cavity system having long-range atomic interactions mediated by cavity modes. It has been shown that quantum simulations of spin models with this system can naturally be used to solve number partition problems. Here, we present encoding schemes for numerous nondeterministic polynomial-time complete (NP-complete) problems, encompassing the majority of Karp’s 21 NP-complete problems. We find a number of such computation problems can be encoded by the atom-cavity system at a linear cost of atom number. There are still certain problems that cannot be encoded by the atom-cavity as efficiently, such as quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO), and the Hamiltonian cycle. For these problems, we provide encoding schemes with a quadratic or quartic cost in the atom number. We expect this work to provide important guidance to search for the practical quantum advantage of the atom-cavity system in solving NP-complete problems. Moreover, the encoding schemes we develop here may also be adopted in other optical systems for solving NP-complete problems, where a similar form of Mattis-type spin glass Hamiltonian as in the atom-cavity system can be implemented.
Democracy's Dhamma
Authors: Surendran Gitanjali
Published: November 2024

In 1956, B. R. Ambedkar publicly converted to Buddhism raising questions about his turn from constitutionalism to religion. The answer lies in Buddhism itself. In the late colonial era, the struggle to produce an appropriate Buddhism for a nation-in-the-making reveals a secret history foundational to modern India. Thinkers, activists, reformers, pilgrims, and monks from around South, Southeast and East Asia discussed universalism, nationalism, modernity, democracy, and caste radicalism and advocated an Indian return to Buddhism and the Buddha. This book traces this genealogy through the Buddhist itineraries and political projects of figures like Anagarika Dharmapala, Swami Vivekananda, Rabindranath Tagore, Jawaharlal Nehru, Vinayak D. Savarkar, Rahul Sankrityayan and Ambedkar, to reveal how Buddhism emerged as democracy's dhamma, the religion of democracy.
The Mirror of Art
Authors: Warwick Genevieve
Published: November 2024

One of the key pictorial developments of Renaissance art was a conceptualisation of painting as a mirror reflection of the visible world. The idea of painting as specular was argued in Renaissance art theory, demonstrated in art practice, and represented in painting itself. Both within the artist's workshop and within pictorial representation, the mirror-image became the instrument, the emblem, and the conceptual definition of what a painting was. In this volume, Genevieve Warwick brings a dual focus to the topic through an exploration of the early modern elision of the picture plane with the mirror – image. She considers the specular configuration of Renaissance painting from various thematic points of view to offer a fully interdisciplinary analysis of the mirror analogy that pervaded not only art theory and art-making, but also the larger cultural spheres of philosophy, letters, and scientific observation. Warwick's volume recasts our understanding of the inter-visual relationships between disciplines, and their consequences for a specular definition of Renaissance painting.
Meritocracy or Patronage?
Authors: Su Fubing , Tao Ran
Published: November 2024

This study interrogates the theoretical and empirical validities of two dominant theories about Chinese state in the post-Mao period. The authors argue that the meritocratic view has under-theorized the innate contradiction between officials' personal competence and political loyalty. In order to survive political struggles, political leaders need to rely on patronage networks to recruit followers and solidify trust, often at the expense of official competence. The popular view also misrepresents China's cadre assessment system in several important ways. The authors supplement this theoretical and anecdotal evidence with a systematic study of provincial level officials between 1978 and 2020. Contrary to the meritocratic view, leaders' economic performance does not increase their promotion chances. Work ties with central leaders, on the other hand, have provided provincial officials with advantage in promotion. This study contributes to general theories of autocratic state and inform the debate about autocratic growth in the political economy literature.
Unsteady evolution of slip and drag in surfactant-contaminated superhydrophobic channels
Authors: Tomlinson Samuel D. , Gibou Frédéric , Luzzatto-Fegiz Paolo , Temprano-Coleto Fernando , Jensen Oliver E. , Landel Julien R.
Published: November 2024

Recognising that surfactants can impede the drag reduction resulting from superhydrophobic surfaces (SHS), we investigate the impact of spatio–temporal fluctuations in surfactant concentration on the drag-reduction properties of SHS. We model the unsteady transport of soluble surfactant in a channel flow bounded by two SHS. The flow is laminar, pressure driven and the SHS are periodic in the streamwise and spanwise directions. We assume that the channel length is much longer than the streamwise period, the streamwise period is much longer than the channel height and spanwise period, and bulk diffusion is sufficiently strong for cross-channel concentration gradients to be small. By combining long-wave and homogenisation theories, we derive an unsteady advection–diffusion equation for surfactant-flux transport over the length of the channel, which is coupled to a quasi-steady advection–diffusion equation for surfactant transport over individual plastrons. As diffusion over the length of the channel is typically small, the surfactant flux is governed by a nonlinear wave equation. In the fundamental case of the transport of a bolus of surfactant, we predict its propagation speed and describe its nonlinear evolution via interaction with the SHS. The propagation speed can fall below the average streamwise velocity as the surfactant adsorbs and rigidifies the plastrons. Smaller concentrations of surfactant are advected faster than larger ones, so that wave-steepening effects can lead to shock formation in the surfactant-flux distribution. Our asymptotic results reveal how unsteady surfactant transport can affect the spatio–temporal evolution of the slip velocity, drag reduction and effective slip length in SHS channels.
Fluid viscoelasticity affects ultrasound force field-induced particle transport
Authors: Sujith T. , Malik L. , Sen A.K.
Published: November 2024

Ultrasonic standing wave technology offers an ideal platform for manipulating particles in microfluidics. We study how fluid viscoelasticity and acoustic boundary formation in micro-confinements affect ultrasound-induced perturbations. These perturbations influence acoustic energy density (AED) and consequently particle transport dynamics. Our approach combines theoretical, numerical and experimental methods. Using the Oldroyd-B model for viscoelastic fluids, we advance acoustic radiation force (ARF) formulations of Doinikov et al. (Phys. Rev. E, vol. 104, no. 6, 2021a; Phys. Rev. E, vol. 104, no. 6, 2021b) for particles much smaller than the acoustic wavelength. This improved approach allows us to decouple AED and acoustic contrast factor terms in the ARF expression. It also enables us to examine the effects of viscoelastic parameters:

$\mu ^*$

(ratio of the viscosity of the viscoelastic fluid to that of base Newtonian fluid) and

$De$

(product of fluid relaxation time and actuation frequency) on AED and particle migration. Remarkably, we show that increasing fluid elasticity or

$De$

transitions viscoelastic fluids from the energy dissipation (relaxation) mode to the energy storage (frozen) mode, increasing AED. Conversely, increasing viscosity (

$\mu ^*$

) reduces AED. Thus, our findings suggest that elastic effects accelerate particle migration, while viscous effects decelerate it. Consequently, a viscoelastic fluid-filled micro-confinement acts as an energy dissipation device at low

$De$

and an energy storage device at high

$De$

. Particle migration can be controlled by adjusting viscoelastic and acoustic parameters, at a fixed power input. Our theoretical and numerical findings are validated with our experimental data. Our study advances the fundamental understanding of particle migration in viscoelastic fluids under ultrasound, and can significantly impact future studies on particle/cell migration in bio-fluids.
Remembering Bloody Sunday 50 years on: A textual analysis of Bloody Sunday anniversary coverage
Authors: Hanson Kelsey
Published: November 2024

On January 30, 2022, Northern Ireland observed the 50th anniversary of Bloody Sunday. On that day in 1972, the British Army opened fire on a group of unarmed protesters in Derry, killing 13 and wounding an additional 15. Bloody Sunday was a pivotal moment during the 30 years of conflict in Northern Ireland known as the Troubles, a day widely considered a ‘watershed in British-Irish history’. And while 50 years have passed since this dark day, Bloody Sunday remains vivid in the collective memory of the small country. Considering the cultural and social significance of Bloody Sunday, I sought to answer a simple yet deceptively complicated question: does this still matter? In pursuing this answer, I aimed to understand how journalists and news outlets chose to mark and remember the anniversary in their January and February 2022 coverage. First, I present an overview of Bloody Sunday and its historical role as a catalyst for the three decades of the Troubles. Then, I review relevant memory studies literature in order to understand the role that commemorative news media play in the process of remembering in conflict and post-conflict environments. I then introduce my three research questions and methods before finally discussing the results of my analysis. I found that Bloody Sunday continues to be invoked against British colonialism, that key details of the day remain contested even now, and that the press presented Bloody Sunday as part of a globalised narrative of war-time atrocities.
Investing in the care services sectors for employment generation and gender-inclusive growth: the case of Turkey
Authors: Gultekin Derya , Ilkkaracan Ipek , Bayar Ayşe Aylin , Ozcanlı-Baran Pınar
Published: November 2024

The care crisis intersects with economic, social, and refugee crises, necessitating focused attention to bolster care infrastructure and address the multifaceted challenges. Women bear a disproportionate burden of unpaid domestic work, exacerbating gender inequalities in labor markets and education. This paper applies the International Labour Organization–UN Women (2021) policy tool to Turkish data, estimating coverage gaps in education and healthcare, associated costs, and employment generation potential in the care sectors and related sectors. We identify a coverage gap in education affecting 5.8 million children. The required investment to address this gap is estimated at 2.28 percent of gross domestic product (GDP). In all, 303,000 healthcare workers are needed, requiring an investment of 1.23 percent of GDP. These investments have the potential to generate 1.740 million direct and 152,000 indirect jobs. This would result in a substantial 6.7 percent increase in total employment. Considering the current gender composition, women are expected to fill 65 percent of these jobs, leading to a 14 percent improvement in female employment. Incorporating 3.7 million Syrian refugees, Turkey’s investment cost rises to 3.74 percent of GDP, creating 1.878 million new direct jobs – an 8 percent boost over the non-inclusive scenario. Prioritizing public investments in care services promises to promote gender equality, human development, and inclusive economic growth.
Spectral stability of constrained solitary waves for a generalized Ostrovsky equation
Authors: Han Fangyu , Gao Yuetian
Published: November 2024

We consider the existence and stability of constrained solitary wave solutions to the generalized Ostrovsky equation

\begin{align*}
\partial_x\left(\partial_t u+ \alpha\partial_x u+\partial_x(f(u))+\beta \partial_x^3u\right)=\gamma u,\quad \|u\|_{L^2}^2=\lambda \gt 0,
\end{align*}

where the homogeneous nonlinearities

$f(s)=\alpha_0|s|^p+\alpha_1|s|^{p-1}s$

, with p > 1. If

$\alpha_0,\alpha_1 \gt 0$

,

$\alpha\in\mathbb{R}$

, and γ < 0 satisfying

$\beta\gamma=-1$

, we show that for

$1 \lt p \lt 5$

, there exists a constrained ground state traveling wave solution with travelling velocity

$\omega \gt \alpha-2$

. Furthermore, we obtain the exponential decay estimates and the weak non-degeneracy of the solution. Finally, we show that the solution is spectrally stable. This is a continuation of recent work [1] on existence and stability for a water wave model with non-homogeneous nonlinearities.
On the monodromy group of the family of smooth quintic plane curves
Authors: Salter Nick
Published: November 2024

We consider the space

$\mathcal{P}_d$

of smooth complex projective plane curves of degree

$d$

. There is the tautological family of plane curves defined over

$\mathcal{P}_d$

, which has an associated monodromy representation

$\rho _d: \pi _1(\mathcal{P}_d) \to \textrm{Mod}(\Sigma _g)$

into the mapping class group of the fiber. For

$d \le 4$

, classical algebraic geometry implies the surjectivity of

$\rho _d$

. For

$d \ge 5$

, the existence of a

$(d-3)^{rd}$

root of the canonical bundle implies that

$\rho _d$

cannot be surjective. The main result of this paper is that for

$d = 5$

, the image of

$\rho _5$

is as large as possible, subject to this constraint. This requires combining the algebro-geometric work of Lönne with Johnson’s theory of the Torelli subgroup of

$\textrm{Mod}(\Sigma _g)$

.
COVID-19 and PIMS-TS-related admissions to paediatric intensive care in the Republic of Ireland January 2020 and July 2022 and analysis of cardiovascular manifestations of their disease
Authors: McCay Nicola , Beirne Niamh , Bereton Erica , Healy Martina , Franklin Orla
Published: November 2024

Background and aims:

Our aim was to investigate all children admitted to paediatric intensive care units (ICU) in the Republic of Ireland between January 2020 and August 2022 with an admitting diagnosis of acute COVID-19 infection or paediatric inflammatory multi-system syndrome, temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS) or associated illness. The patients were identified to catalogue the severity of illness, analyse cardiovascular manifestations of their disease, and short-term outcomes.

Methods:

This is a retrospective multi-centre observational study.

Results:

127 children were admitted to paediatric ICU in Ireland with a COVID-19- related illness between January 2020 and August 2022. 87 (68.5%) of patients had acute COVID-19 infection, 39 (30.7%) had PIMS-TS and 1 (0.8%) patient had post-COVID vaccine-related myocarditis. Ventilatory support was required for 47/87 (54%) in the COVID-19 group comparative to 9/39 (23%) of patients with PIMS-TS. Inotropic support was required for 13/87 (14.9%) children with COVID-19 and 29/39 (74.3%) with PIMS-TS. Evidence of any cardiac disease on ECHO was identified in 23/38 (60.5%) of the PIMS-TS cohort comparative to only 5/36 (13.9%) of patients with COVID-19. 38/39 (97.4%) of patients with PIMS-TS-related cardiac disease and 100% with COVID-19 had a normal echo at the time of discharge from hospital. Overall survival of patients was 100%.

Conclusion:

The burden of cardiac disease in children requiring paediatric ICU care for COVID-19-related disease was high in the acute phase; however, all children survived, and all cardiac investigations had normalised by short-term follow-up.
Why Do Families of Children with Disabilities Discontinue Using Rehabilitation Services? A Qualitative Study in Rural Mainland China
Authors: Chen Renxing , Ge Zhongming , Su Can , Tang Weizhong , Zhang Qian
Published: November 2024

Rehabilitation services play a vital role in the quality of life for children with disabilities. China has established a system of rehabilitation services, in which eligible children with disabilities are entitled to free rehabilitation services at designated institutions. This study reveals, however, that some rural families decide to discontinue the free rehabilitation services. This study attempts to explore the reasons for their decision through qualitative methods. We find that the ideology of developmentalism with its emphasis on efficiency dominates policy actors’ thinking and actions. In a cultural discourse that prioritises utility and economic development, children with disabilities are regarded by policy implementers as a ‘non-priority’, by their service providers as an opportunity for profit, and by their parents as ‘futureless’. That these families discontinue using these free services seems to result from the policy attitudes mentioned above.
Genetic variability and heritability of growth, yield and quality traits in Gymnema sylvestre: an anti-diabetic medicinal herb
Authors: Raghavendra Hunnanadoddi C. , Rohini Mony R. , Rao Vala K. , Himabindu Kaipa
Published: November 2024

Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R. Br. ex Schult is a highly demanded antidiabetic medicinal herb native to India. There are no improved varieties available and the plant is still collected from the wild and therefore it is important to estimate the genetic variability and heritability parameters for devising appropriate crop improvement strategy. The present study was undertaken to assess the genetic variability, heritability, character association and path analysis for growth, yield and bioactive traits in 35 accessions of G. sylvestre collected from Indian South Peninsular region. Genetic variability parameters: genotypic variance, phenotypic variance, genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), broad-sense heritability, genetic advance and genetic advance as per cent over mean of yield and quality related characters were computed to understand the extent of variability present. High levels of GCV and PCV (>20%) were observed for most of the traits. Leaf length, leaf area, leaf yield and gymnemagenin content reported with high heritability (>60%) and genetic advance over mean (>30%) suggest that variation in these traits is influenced predominantly by the genetic factors making selection more effective in improving them. The correlation and path analysis studies highlighted the importance of selecting leaf length, leaf breadth, leaf area index, fresh leaf yield and gymnemagenin content for improving dry leaf yield of G. sylvestre. The study also identified promising morphotypes (IIHR-GS-27 and IIHR-GS-9) and chemotypes (IIHR-GS-44) which can be utilized for the commercial exploitation or can serve as pre-breeding materials in the crop improvement programmes.
Ultra-thin and flexible microwave metasurface absorbers based on resistive patches
Authors: Raptis Savvas I. , Ntokos Konstantinos , Passia Maria-Thaleia , Tourlouki Konstantina , Kehagias Nikolaos , Kriezis Emmanouil E. , Yioultsis Traianos V.
Published: November 2024

We introduce a systematic approach for designing ultrathin, flexible, and polarization-insensitive metasurface absorbers (MSAs), suitable for aviation applications, such as radar cross-section reduction of unmanned aerial vehicles. Metal-backed resistive patches are arranged on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrate of thickness about 1/100 of the operating wavelength, classifying the absorbers as ultrathin. The ultralow weight of the proposed MSAs is crucial for the targeted aviation applications, to ensure airworthiness. A narrowband uniform MSA is designed to achieve maximum absorption and serves as a starting point to synthesize a broadband and polarization-insensitive

$3 \times 3$

absorber supercell. The non-uniform absorber is systematically designed by a fast semi-analytical method. The proposed absorbers have been fabricated and experimentally tested both on flat and cylindrical curved surfaces, with measurements being in very good agreement with the corresponding simulations, and corroborate the high absorption and broadband behavior of the proposed non-uniform ultrathin and flexible absorber.
Dual-band high isolation eight element MIMO antenna using self decoupling technique for 5G smartphone
Authors: Dey Soumik , Dey Sukomal
Published: November 2024

Massive multiple input–multiple output (MIMO) antenna is required to meet the high data transmission rate in the current 5G and future 6G mobile communication. This paper presents a novel eight-port dual-band MIMO antenna operated within the 5G new radios N77 and N79 band. The designed MIMO incorporates a self-decoupling method to obtain high isolation of 22.96 and 25 dB at the two resonances 3.48 and 4.92 GHz, respectively. The basic antenna element consists of coupling between a staircase slot and a half-wavelength size loop branch. Additionally, an inverted U-shaped microstrip section is integrated with the radiating unit to serve the purpose of self-decoupling operation. The eight antennas are symmetrically located on the two narrow substrates (of size 5.8 × 150 mm2) as a pair of four arrays. The narrow substrates make the metal rim of the 5.5″ display mobile smartphone. The designed MIMO is practically realized and experimentally tested to validate the working mechanism. The envelope correlation coefficient and peak channel capacity are obtained as 0.174 and 35.5 bps/Hz in the lower frequency and 0.069 and 39.1 bps/Hz in the higher frequency.
Prevalence of mental disorders in adult populations from the Global South following exposure to natural hazards: a meta-analysis
Authors: Kip A. , Valencia S. , Glunz E. , Lowe S. R. , Tam K.-P. , Morina N.
Published: November 2024

Aims

Although natural hazards (e.g., tropical cyclones, earthquakes) disproportionately affect developing countries, most research on their mental health impact has been conducted in high-income countries. We aimed to summarize prevalences of mental disorders in Global South populations (classified according to the United Nations Human Development Index) affected by natural hazards.

Methods

To identify eligible studies for this meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Web of Science up to February 13, 2024, for observational studies with a cross-sectional or longitudinal design that reported on at least 100 adult survivors of natural hazards in a Global South population and assessed mental disorders with a validated instrument at least 1 month after onset of the hazard. Main outcomes were the short- and long-term prevalence estimates of mental disorders. The project was registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42023396622).

Results

We included 77 reports of 75 cross-sectional studies (six included a non-exposed control group) comprising 82,400 individuals. We found high prevalence estimates for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the general population (26.0% [95% CI 18.5–36.3]; I2 = 99.0%) and depression (21.7% [95% CI 10.5–39.6]; I2 = 99.2%) during the first year following the event, with similar prevalences observed thereafter (i.e., 26.0% and 23.4%, respectively). Results were similar for regions with vs. without recent armed conflict. In displaced samples, the estimated prevalence for PTSD was 46.5% (95% CI 39.0–54.2; k = 6; I2 = 93.3). We furthermore found higher symptom severity in exposed, versus unexposed, individuals. Data on other disorders were scarce, apart from short-term prevalence estimates of generalised anxiety disorder (15.9% [95% CI 4.7–42.0]; I2 = 99.4).

Conclusions

Global South populations exposed to natural hazards report a substantial burden of mental disease. These findings require further attention and action in terms of implementation of mental health policies and low-threshold interventions in the Global South in the aftermath of natural hazards. However, to accurately quantify the true extent of this public health challenge, we need more rigorous, well-designed epidemiological studies across diverse regions. This will enable informed decision making and resource allocation for those in need.
Testing Measurement Invariance of the Left-Wing Authoritarianism Index-13 (LWAI-13) in a US Adult Sample
Authors: Lambert Joshua T. , Hart William , Wahlers Danielle E. , Hall Braden , Cease Charlotte K. , Castagna Peter
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Authoritarianism has been of interest to multiple fields in the social sciences (e.g., psychology, political science). Though traditionally conceptualized as a right-wing phenomenon, burgeoning research suggests it is also a left-wing phenomenon. The Left-Wing Authoritarianism Index-13 (LWAI-13) was recently developed as a brief measure of left-wing authoritarianism and its three factors: anti-hierarchical aggression, top-down censorship, and anti-conventionalism. Though prior work provided evidence for the LWAI-13’s factor structure and construct validity, its measurement invariance (MI) remains untested. We evaluated the LWAI-13’s MI regarding sex, age, and education; scalar MI was evidenced for all groupings. Thus, the structural properties of the LWAI-13 appeared robust to the three group distinctions.
Seabed Seismographs Reveal Duration and Structure of Longest Runout Sediment Flows on Earth
Authors: Baker Megan L. , Talling Peter J. , Burnett Richard , Pope Ed L. , Ruffell Sean C. , Urlaub Morelia , Clare Michael A. , Jenkins Jennifer , Dietze Michael , Neasham Jeffrey , Silva Jacinto Ricardo , Hage Sophie , Hasenhündl Martin , Simmons Steve M. , Heerema Catharina J. , Heijnen Maarten S. , Kunath Pascal , Cartigny Matthieu J. B. , McGhee Claire , Parsons Daniel R.
Published: November 2024

Turbidity currents carve the deepest canyons on Earth, deposit its largest sediment accumulations, and break seabed telecommunication cables. Powerful canyon‐flushing turbidity currents break sensors placed in their path, making them notoriously challenging to measure, and thus poorly understood. This study provides the first remote measurements of canyon‐flushing flows, using ocean‐bottom seismographs located outside the flow's destructive path, revolutionizing flow monitoring. We recorded the internal dynamics of the longest sediment flows yet monitored on Earth, which traveled >1,000 km down the Congo Canyon‐Channel at 3.7–7.6 m s−1 and lasted >3 weeks. These observations allow us to test fundamental models for turbidity current behavior and reveal that flows contain dense and fast frontal‐zones up to ∼400 km in length. These frontal‐zones developed near‐uniform durations and speeds for hundreds of kilometres despite substantial seabed erosion, enabling flows to rapidly transport prodigious volumes of organic carbon, sediment, and warm water to the deep‐sea.
Global Distribution of Martian Upstream Magnetosonic Waves Observed by MAVEN
Authors: Pang Shuyue , Fu Song , Yun Xiaotong , Jin Taifeng , Cao Xing , Du Hengle , Ma Xin
Published: November 2024

Utilizing Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) observations from October 2014 to May 2023, we perform a detailed survey of magnetosonic waves generated in the solar wind (refer to as upstream MS waves), with frequencies near the proton gyrofrequency in the solar wind environment. The distribution of the solar wind‐generated MS waves has been carefully investigated, including in the solar wind and in the Martian magnetosphere by propagation. The results show that these MS waves are widely distributed below the Martian bow shock but are more concentrated below the magnetic pileup boundary, particularly in the subsolar region. The waves possess higher occurrence rates on the dayside with larger amplitudes; the occurrence rates also show dusk‐side‐preferred asymmetry. The Martian crustal magnetic field can prevent MS waves from penetrating into lower altitudes, while higher solar dynamic pressure benefits their penetration. The wave amplitudes exhibit a weak positive correlation with the solar wind dynamic pressure. These obtained global distribution features of Martian upstream MS waves observed by MAVEN are valuable to improve current understanding of the dynamic variations of Martian charged particles and the underlying contribution of wave‐particle interactions driven by MS waves.
MS-DIAL 5 multimodal mass spectrometry data mining unveils lipidome complexities
Authors: Takeda Hiroaki , Matsuzawa Yuki , Takeuchi Manami , Takahashi Mikiko , Nishida Kozo , Harayama Takeshi , Todoroki Yoshimasa , Shimizu Kuniyoshi , Sakamoto Nami , Oka Takaki , Maekawa Masashi , Chung Mi Hwa , Kurizaki Yuto , Kiuchi Saki , Tokiyoshi Kanako , Buyantogtokh Bujinlkham , Kurata Misaki , Kvasnička Aleš , Takeda Ushio , Uchino Haruki , Hasegawa Mayu , Miyamoto Junki , Tanabe Kana , Takeda Shigenori , Mori Tetsuya , Kumakubo Ryota , Tanaka Tsuyoshi , Yoshino Tomoko , Okamoto Mami , Takahashi Hidenori , Arita Makoto , Tsugawa Hiroshi
Published: November 2024

Lipidomics and metabolomics communities comprise various informatics tools; however, software programs handling multimodal mass spectrometry (MS) data with structural annotations guided by the Lipidomics Standards Initiative are limited. Here, we provide MS-DIAL 5 for in-depth lipidome structural elucidation through electron-activated dissociation (EAD)-based tandem MS and determining their molecular localization through MS imaging (MSI) data using a species/tissue-specific lipidome database containing the predicted collision-cross section values. With the optimized EAD settings using 14 eV kinetic energy, the program correctly delineated lipid structures for 96.4% of authentic standards, among which 78.0% had the sn-, OH-, and/or C = C positions correctly assigned at concentrations exceeding 1 μM. We showcased our workflow by annotating the sn- and double-bond positions of eye-specific phosphatidylcholines containing very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFAs), characterized as PC n-3-VLC-PUFA/FA. Using MSI data from the eye and n-3-VLC-PUFA-supplemented HeLa cells, we identified glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase as an enzyme candidate responsible for incorporating n-3 VLC-PUFAs into the sn1 position of phospholipids in mammalian cells, which was confirmed using EAD-MS/MS and recombinant proteins in a cell-free system. Therefore, the MS-DIAL 5 environment, combined with optimized MS data acquisition methods, facilitates a better understanding of lipid structures and their localization, offering insights into lipid biology.
A spin-refrigerated cavity quantum electrodynamic sensor
Authors: Wang Hanfeng , Tiwari Kunal L. , Jacobs Kurt , Judy Michael , Zhang Xin , Englund Dirk R. , Trusheim Matthew E.
Published: November 2024

Quantum sensors based on solid-state defects, in particular nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond, enable precise measurement of magnetic fields, temperature, rotation, and electric fields. Cavity quantum electrodynamic (cQED) readout, in which an NV ensemble is hybridized with a microwave mode, can overcome limitations in optical spin detection and has resulted in leading magnetic sensitivities at the pT-level. This approach, however, remains far from the intrinsic spin-projection noise limit due to thermal Johnson-Nyquist noise and spin saturation effects. Here we tackle these challenges by combining recently demonstrated spin refrigeration techniques with comprehensive nonlinear modeling of the cQED sensor operation. We demonstrate that the optically-polarized NV ensemble simultaneously provides magnetic sensitivity and acts as a heat sink for the deleterious thermal microwave noise background, even when actively probed by a microwave field. Optimizing the NV-cQED system, we demonstrate a broadband sensitivity of 576 ± 6 fT/$$\sqrt{{{{\rm{Hz}}}}}$$

Hz

around 15 kHz in ambient conditions. We then discuss the implications of this approach for the design of future magnetometers, including near-projection-limited devices approaching 3 fT/$$\sqrt{{{{\rm{Hz}}}}}$$

Hz

sensitivity enabled by spin refrigeration.
E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF10 promotes dissociation of stalled ribosomes and responds to ribosomal subunit imbalance
Authors: Lehmann Janina A. , Lindner Doris , Sung Hsu-Min , Stoecklin Georg
Published: November 2024

Aberrant translation causes ribosome stalling, which leads to the ubiquitination of ribosomal proteins and induces ribosome-associated quality control. As part of this quality control process, the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF10 monoubiquitinates ribosomal protein RPS3. Here, we demonstrate that RNF10-mediated RPS3 monoubiquitination antagonizes ribosomal half-mer formation by promoting dissociation of 40S subunits from ribosomes stalled during translation elongation. Interestingly, RNF10 also promotes dissociation of 40S subunits stalled during aberrant translation initiation. Moreover, RNF10 levels are tightly coupled to the amount of 40S subunits. Knockdown of RPS proteins, which abrogates 40S ribosome biogenesis, results in proteasomal degradation of RNF10. Vice versa, knockdown of RPL proteins, which abrogates 60S biogenesis, leads to the accumulation of stalled initiating 40S subunits, increased RNF10 levels, and RPS3 monoubiquitination. As a factor required for the resolution of stalled translation events, RNF10 is part of a fundamental mechanism by which cells respond to imbalances in ribosomal subunit stoichiometry.
Element-specific X-Ray detection of electron paramagnetic resonance in thin films of quantum bits
Authors: Doll Andrin , Xu Zhewen , Romankov Vladyslav , Boero Giovanni , Rusponi Stefano , Brune Harald , Salman Zaher , Dreiser Jan
Published: November 2024

Element-specific magnetism accessible by synchrotron-based X-ray spectroscopy has proven to be valuable to study spin and orbital moments of transition metals and lanthanides in technologically relevant thin-film and monolayer samples. The access to coherent spin superposition states relevant for emergent quantum technologies remains, however, elusive with ordinary X-ray spectroscopy. Here, we approach the study of such quantum-coherent states via the X-ray detection of microwave-driven electron paramagnetic resonance, which involves much smaller signal levels than X-ray detected ferromagnetic resonance on classical magnets. We demonstrate the feasibility of this approach with thin films of phthalocyanine-based metal complexes containing copper or vanadium centers. We also identify X-ray specific phenomena that we relate to charge trapping of secondary electrons resulting from the decay of the X-ray excited core-hole state. Our findings pave the way toward the element-specific X-ray detection of coherent superposition states in monolayers of atomic and molecular spins on virtually arbitrary surfaces.
Use of epigenetically modified bacteriophage and dual beta-lactams to treat a Mycobacterium abscessus sternal wound infection
Authors: Cristinziano Madison , Shashkina Elena , Chen Liang , Xiao Jaime , Miller Melissa B. , Doligalski Christina , Coakley Raymond , Lobo Leonard Jason , Footer Brent , Bartelt Luther , Abad Lawrence , Russell Daniel A. , Garlena Rebecca , Lauer Michael J. , Viland Maggie , Kaganovsky Ari , Mowry Emily , Jacobs-Sera Deborah , van Duin David , Kreiswirth Barry N. , Hatfull Graham F. , Friedland Anne
Published: November 2024

Nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) infections are challenging to manage and are frequently non-responsive to aggressive but poorly-tolerated antibiotic therapies. Immunosuppressed lung transplant patients are susceptible to NTM infections and poor patient outcomes are common. Bacteriophages present an alternative treatment option and are associated with favorable clinical outcomes. Similarly, dual beta-lactam combinations show promise in vitro, but clinical use is sparse. We report here a patient with an uncontrolled Mycobacterium abscessus infection following a bilateral lung transplant and failed antibiotic therapy. Both smooth and rough colony morphotype strains were initially present, but treatment with two phages that kill the rough strain – including epigenetic-modification to overcome restriction – resulted in isolation of only the smooth strain. The rough and smooth strains have similar antibiotic susceptibilities suggesting that the phages specifically eliminated the rough strain. Dual beta-lactam therapy with meropenem and ceftazidime-avibactam provided further clinical improvement, and the phages act synergistically with meropenem in vitro.
Measuring competing outcomes of a single-molecule reaction reveals classical Arrhenius chemical kinetics
Authors: Keenan Pieter J. , Purkiss Rebecca M. , Klamroth Tillmann , Sloan Peter A. , Rusimova Kristina R.
Published: November 2024

Programming matter one molecule at a time is a long-standing goal in nanoscience. The atomic resolution of a scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) can give control over the probability of inducing single-outcome single-molecule reactions. Here we show it is possible to measure and influence the outcome of a single-molecule reaction with multiple competing outcomes. By precise injection of electrons from an STM tip, toluene molecules are induced to react with two outcomes: switching to an adjacent site or desorption. Within a voltage range set by the electronic structure of the molecule-surface system, we see that the branching ratio between these two outcomes is dependent on the excess energy the exciting electron carries. Using known values, ab initio DFT calculations and empirical models, we conclude that this excess energy leads to a heating of a common intermediate physisorbed state and gives control over the two outcomes via their energy barriers and prefactors.
Transcription factors ASCL1 and OLIG2 drive glioblastoma initiation and co-regulate tumor cell types and migration
Authors: Myers Bianca L. , Brayer Kathryn J. , Paez-Beltran Luis E. , Villicana Estrella , Keith Matthew S. , Suzuki Hideaki , Newville Jessie , Anderson Rebekka H. , Lo Yunee , Mertz Conner M. , Kollipara Rahul K. , Borromeo Mark D. , Lu Q. Richard , Bachoo Robert M. , Johnson Jane E. , Vue Tou Yia
Published: November 2024

Glioblastomas (GBMs) are highly aggressive, infiltrative, and heterogeneous brain tumors driven by complex genetic alterations. The basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors ASCL1 and OLIG2 are dynamically co-expressed in GBMs; however, their combinatorial roles in regulating the plasticity and heterogeneity of GBM cells are unclear. Here, we show that induction of somatic mutations in subventricular zone (SVZ) progenitor cells leads to the dysregulation of ASCL1 and OLIG2, which then function redundantly and are required for brain tumor formation in a mouse model of GBM. Subsequently, the binding of ASCL1 and OLIG2 to each other’s loci and to downstream target genes then determines the cell types and degree of migration of tumor cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) reveals that a high level of ASCL1 is key in specifying highly migratory neural stem cell (NSC)/astrocyte-like tumor cell types, which are marked by upregulation of ribosomal protein, oxidative phosphorylation, cancer metastasis, and therapeutic resistance genes.
Deep mutation, insertion and deletion scanning across the Enterovirus A proteome reveals constraints shaping viral evolution
Authors: Bakhache William , Symonds-Orr Walker , McCormick Lauren , Dolan Patrick T.
Published: November 2024

Insertions and deletions (InDels) are essential to protein evolution. In RNA viruses, InDels contribute to the emergence of viruses with new phenotypes, including altered host engagement and tropism. However, the tolerance of viral proteins for InDels has not been extensively studied. Here, we conduct deep mutational scanning to map and quantify the mutational tolerance of a complete viral proteome to insertion, deletion and substitution. We engineered approximately 45,000 insertions, 6,000 deletions and 41,000 amino acid substitutions across the nearly 2,200 coding positions of the Enterovirus A71 proteome, quantifying their effects on viral fitness by population sequencing. The vast majority of InDels are lethal to the virus, tolerated at only a few hotspots. Some of these hotspots overlap with sites of host recognition and immune engagement, suggesting tolerance at these sites reflects the important role InDels have played in the past phenotypic diversification of Enterovirus A.
Global climatological dataset of undersea acoustic parameters derived from the NCEI World Ocean Atlas 2023
Authors: Chu Peter C. , Fan Chenwu
Published: November 2024

Acoustics is most effective in undersea detection, localization, and communication. Establishment of a global climatological dataset of undersea acoustic parameters becomes urgent. In building such a dataset, first we use the Thermodynamic Equation of Seawater-2010 (TEOS-10) to calculate the sound speed (SS) from the gridded temperature and salinity fields of the NOAA/NCEI World Ocean Atlas 2023. Second, we determine the depth of overall minimum from SS profile as the deep sound channel (DSC) axis depth, the depth of overall maximum between the surface and DSC axis as the sonic layer depth (SLD), the depth of the local minimum between SLD and DSC axis as the second sound channel (SSC) depth, and the depth with the SS equalling the maximum SS as the critical depth. Third, we obtain the SS at the surface, SLD, DSC axis, and SSC axis. Fourth, we determine the other acoustic parameters such as In-layer gradient, below layer gradient, DSC strength, SSC strength, depth excess, and surface duct cut-off frequency. The dataset is publicly available.
Synchronised Video, Motion Capture and Force Plate Dataset for Validating Markerless Human Movement Analysis
Authors: Evans Murray , Needham Laurie , Wade Logan , Parsons Martin , Colyer Steffi , McGuigan Polly , Bilzon James , Cosker Darren
Published: November 2024

The BioCV dataset is a unique combination of synchronised multi-camera video, marker based optical motion capture, and force plate data, observing 15 healthy participants (7 males, 8 females) performing controlled and repeated motions (walking, running, jumping and hopping), as well as photogrammetry scan data for each participant. The dataset was created for the purposes of developing and validating the performance of computer vision based markerless motion capture systems with respect to marker based systems.