bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elimination method for construction images in N-point gravitational lenses for circular source
Authors: Kotvytskiy Albert , Parimucha Štefan
Published: July 2023

Gravitational lenses have become valuable tools for studying astrophysical objects, but analytical methods for analyzing gravitational lenses are still underdeveloped, particularly in the construction of images. Although analytical methods exist for single-point and axially symmetric lenses, there is a lack of exact analytical solutions for general gravitational lenses, leading to the frequent utilization of approximate methods. In this work, we aim to advance precise analytical methods for constructing images from circular sources in gravitational lenses.

We begin by formulating the gravitational lens equations using the general theory of relativity. By introducing dimensionless variables, we express the lens equation in a convenient form. We then explore the mathematical concepts of resultant and Sylvester matrix, which provide tools for eliminating variables and finding common roots of polynomials. We apply these concepts to eliminate the parameter in the lens equations and obtain expressions for the image coordinates.

We demonstrate the application of our method for a one-point lens and a binary lens. For a one-point lens, we derive an equation that determines the images of a circular source. We analyze special cases where the source is at the origin, touches the origin, or is arbitrarily positioned. In the general case of a binary lens, an expression is derived that describes all images resulting from a circular source located at any arbitrary position.

Our method offers a precise analytical approach to construct images from circular sources in gravitational lenses. By advancing analytical techniques, we reduce the reliance on numerical simulations, which can be computationally intensive and may not guarantee the discovery of all solutions. This work contributes to the understanding and characterization of gravitational lenses and provides a foundation for further developments in the field.
Exponential mixing for heterochaos baker maps and the Dyck system
Authors: Takahasi Hiroki
Published: July 2023

We investigate mixing properties of piecewise affine non-Markovian maps acting on $[0,1]^2$ or $[0,1]^3$ and preserving the Lebesgue measure, which are natural generalizations of the {\it heterochaos baker maps} introduced in [Saiki, Y., Takahasi, H., Yorke, J.A.: Nonlinearity {\bf 34} (2021) 5744--5761]. These maps are skew products over uniformly expanding or hyperbolic bases, and the fiber direction is a center in which both contracting and expanding behaviors coexist. We prove that these maps are mixing of all orders. For maps with a mostly expanding or contracting center, we establish exponential mixing for H\"older functions. Using this result, for the Dyck system originating in the theory of formal languages,we establish exponential mixing for H\"older functions with respect to its two coexisting ergodic measures of maximal entropy.
2020 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 37A25, 37A40; Secondary 37A55.
Pretreatment with liposome-encapsulated shrimp shell extract attenuated neuronal damage and death in Aβ 1- 42 -induced memory deficits in rats
Authors: Kuedo Zulkiflee , Binlateh Thunwa , Benjakul Soottawat , Hutamekalin Pilaiwanwadee
Published: July 2023

The accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides is a crucial factor in the neuronal degeneration of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The current study investigated the underlying neuroprotective mechanisms of shrimp shell extract (SSE) and liposome-encapsulated SSE (SSE/L) against Aβ1-42-induced neuronal damage and death in rats. Intracerebroventricular infusion of Aβ1-42 effectively induced memory decline, as observed in a reduction of the rat’s discriminating ability in the novel object recognition and novel object location tasks. Oral pretreatment with 100 mg/kg of SSE demonstrated no preventive effect on the memory decline induced by Aβ1-42 infusion. However, treatment with SSE/L 100 mg/kg BW effectively attenuated memory deficits in both behavioral assessments following two and four weeks after Aβ1-42 infusion. Moreover, SSE/L exerted neuroprotective effects by reducing lipid peroxidation and increasing Nrf2/HO-1 expression. There was a significant decrease in Iba1 and GFAP (markers of activated microglia and astrocytes, respectively), as well as a decrease in the levels of NF-κB expression and the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in the cortical and hippocampal tissues. Treatment with SSE/L also reduced the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and cleaved caspase-3 while raising the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2. In addition, the beneficial effects of SSE/L were along with the effects of a positive control AST. The findings of this study indicated that SSE/L provided neuroprotective effects on Aβ1-42-induced AD rats by ameliorating oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and apoptotic cell death. Therefore, SSE/L might be employed to prevent and mitigate Aβ accumulation-induced neurotoxicity in AD.
A qualitative stakeholder analysis of beliefs, facilitators, and barriers for a feasible prehabilitation program before lung cancer surgery
Authors: Voorn Melissa J.J. , Bastiaansen Evy M.W. , Schröder Carin D. , Boogaart Vivian E.M. van Kampen-van den , Bootsma Gerben. P. , Bongers Bart C. , Janssen-Heijnen Maryska L.G.
Published: July 2023

Background
In order to develop a feasible prehabilitation program before surgery of NSCLC, this study aimed to gain insight into beliefs, facilitators, and barriers of 1) healthcare professionals to refer patients to a prehabilitation program, 2) patients to participate in and adhere to a prehabilitation program, and 3) informal caregivers to support their loved ones.
Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with healthcare professionals, patients who underwent surgery for NSCLC, and their informal caregivers. The capability, opportunity, and motivation for behavior-model (COM-B) guided the development of the interview questions. Results were analyzed thematically.
Results
The interviews were conducted with twelve healthcare professionals, seventeen patients, and sixteen informal caregivers. Healthcare professionals mentioned that professionals should facilitate the referral of patients to prehabilitation within primary and secondary healthcare involved in prehabilitation, considering the short preoperative period. Patients did not know that a better preoperative physical fitness and nutritional status would make a difference in the risk of postoperative complications. Patients indicated that they want to receive information about the aim and possibilities of prehabilitation. Most patients preferred a group-based physical exercise training program organized in their living context in primary care. Informal caregivers could support their loved one.
Conclusion
A prehabilitation program should be started as soon as possible after the diagnosis of lung cancer. Receiving information about the purpose and effects of prehabilitation in a consult with a physician seems crucial to patients to be involved in prehabilitation. Support of loved ones in the patient’s own living context is essential for adherence.
Assessment of Biodiversity and Growth Parameters of Miyawaki Forest of Selected Sites in Thiruvananthapuram District of Kerala
Authors: K Mohamed Safvan V. , Swapna T S
Published: July 2023

Miyawaki afforestation is a reliable forest restoration method using native plants, proposed by Professor Akira Miyawaki in the 1980s, and introduced in Japan with the challenge to restore indigenous ecosystems and maintain global environments, which helps in disaster prevention and carbon dioxide (CO2) mitigation. The Miyawaki micro-afforestation aims to grow many trees in a limited space in a brief period of time and grow a forest similar to a natural forest. Today, Miyawaki method has been used successfully to restore the forest worldwide. A study was conducted to find the growth performance of selected plant species grown as per the Miyawaki method of planting in three sites of the Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala. The study site includes Miyawaki forest in Kanakakunnu (site 1), Government High School Chala (site 2), and Dept. of Botany, Kariavattom (site 3). The growth parameters of the selected plants in the sites were recorded. The growth rate was compared to the naturally growing plant species, which indicated that the plants in the Miyawaki forest in three sites had a higher growth rate. These results could offer a chance to introduce the advantages of a new afforestation method, which helps to reduce the time for a complete environmental restoration in a short period. Moreover, it also offers a model for conserving native plant species within their natural habitat, even in urban areas. It can also be concluded that these native micro forests can offer many ecological and social services, including protecting many pollinators and conserving biodiversity in urban areas. Thus the use of these indigenous species can be successfully employed for the Miyawaki afforestation technique to create thick, multilayered forests.
Identifying relationships between compression garments and recovery in a military training environment
Authors: Saxon Leslie , Boberg Jill , Faulk Robert , Barrett Trevor
Published: July 2023

Development and maintenance of physical capabilities is an essential part of combat readiness in the military. This readiness requires continuous training and is therefore compromised by injury. Because Service Members (SMs) must be physically and cognitively prepared to conduct multifaceted operations in support of strategic objectives, and because the Department of Defense’s (DoD) non-deployable rate and annual costs associated with treating SMs continue to rise at an alarming rate, finding a far-reaching and efficient solution to prevent such injuries is a high priority. Compression garments (CGs) have become increasingly popular over the past decade in human performance applications, and reportedly facilitate post-exercise recovery by reducing muscle soreness, increasing blood lactate removal, and increasing perception of recovery, but the evidence is mixed, at best. In the current study we explored whether CG use, and duration of use, improves recovery and mitigates muscle soreness effectively in an elite Marine training course. In order to test this, we subjected Service Members to fatiguing exercise and then measured subjective and objective recovery and soreness using participant reports and grip and leg strength over a 72-hour recovery period. Findings from this study suggest that wearing CGs for post training recovery showed significant and moderate positive effects on subjective soreness, fatigue, and perceived level of recovery. We did not find statistically significant effects on physical performance while testing grip or leg strength. These findings suggest that CG may be a beneficial strategy for military training environments to accelerate muscle recovery after high-intensity exercise, without adverse effects to the wearer or negative impact on military training.
A Characterization of Strongly Computable Finite Factorization Domains
Authors: Soto-Rosa Geraldo , Ocasio-González Victor
Published: July 2023

In [4], Mileti and others study the prime and irreducible elements of strong finite factoriza-tion domains. The authors define the class of Strongly Computable Strong Finite Factorization Domains (SCSFFD) which, they show, have necessarily computable irreducible elements and a computable division algorithm. However, the question of how to best classify this class of structures is left unanswered. Our work provides a classification for SCSFFD’s by showing the existence of a computable norm where norm-form equations can be solved computably. This classification provides the intuition to extend further the notion of strong computability to Finite Factorization Domains in general.
Quantifying microdroplet contact-line friction using atomic force microscope
Authors: Koh Xue Qi , Thenarianto Calvin , Jokinen Ville , Daniel Dan
Published: July 2023

Controlling the wetting and spreading of microdroplets is key to technologies such as microfluidics, ink-jet printing, and surface coating. Contact angle goniometry is commonly used to characterize surface wetting by droplets, but the technique is ill-suited for sub-millimetric droplets. Here, we attach a micrometric-sized droplet to an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) cantilever to directly quantify contact-line friction on different surfaces (superhydrophobic and underwater superoleophobic) with sub-nanonewton force resolutions. We demonstrate the versatility of our approach by performing friction measurements using different liquids (water and oil droplets) and under different ambient environments (in air and under water). Finally, we show that underwater superoleophobic surfaces can be qualitatively different from superhydrophobic surfaces: contact-line friction is highly sensitive to contact-line speeds for the former but not for the latter surface.
A Systematic Review of Interactive Multimedia-based Learning: an Effective Strategy of Teaching Art History
Authors: Boakye Akwasi Adomako , Essel Harry Barton , Appiah Ernest , Essuman Michael Ato
Published: July 2023

Background: Interactive multimedia, a dynamic technology, requires users’ input to deliver information through words, graphics, images, or videos. Educational research on Interactive Multimedia is scattered throughout the literature. This dispersion is a problem for teachers and students who intend to use technology as a means to teach and learn; hence, to assist them, this research is being undertaken to put the information on Interactive Multimedia together. The research focuses on the following:
a) The effects of the instructions given under the Interactive Multimedia on the learning outcomes of students and
b) The concerns, trends, and gaps that will guide future Interactive Multimedia research and development.
Main Body: The review identified fifteen (15) journal articles from five (5) publishers published between January 2011 and December 2021 using the four-step Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach. Science Direct, Taylor and Francis, Emerald, Academia and PLOS ONE, were used to carry out the search. Observations into the educational application of Interactive Multimedia were made through tabular analysis.
Conclusion: This review shows that when Interactive Multimedia is used in all disciplines of education, whether formal or informal, it enhances student performance, satisfaction, and participation. Interactive Multimedia is increasingly used as a platform to teach complex things and harness students' understanding. Therefore, more qualitative research on the use of Interactive Multimedia is necessary, especially when studying educators' viewpoints. Further research is needed to apply educational theories into course design using Interactive Multimedia.
Weekly minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity is associated with movement quality in overweight and obese older adults
Authors: Rekant Julie , Chambers April , Suri Anisha , Hergenroeder Andrea , Sejdic Ervin , Brach Jen
Published: July 2023

Background Physical activity can improve function and decrease healthcare spending among overweight and obese older adults. Although unstructured physical activity has been related to cardiometabolic improvements, the relationship between unstructured activity and movement quality is unclear. Aims This study aimed to evaluate the association of amount of unstructured free-living moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with measures of movement quality in overweight and obese older adults. Methods The association of MVPA with movement quality was assessed in 165 overweight and obese older adults (Age: 77.0(8.0) years; Body mass index (BMI): 29.2(5.3) kg/m2). Participants performed overground walking, the Figure of 8 Walk test, and the Five-Times Sit to Stand. Weekly physical activity was measured using a waist-worn Actigraph activity monitor. Results Movement quality during straight path (gait speed (ρ = 0.30,p < 0.01), stride length (ρ = 0.33,p < 0.01), double-limb support time (ρ=-0.26,p < 0.01), and gait symmetry (ρ = 0.17,p = 0.02)) and curved path (F8W time (ρ=-0.22,p < 0.01) and steps (ρ=-0.22,p < 0.01)) walking were associated with weekly minutes of MVPA after controlling for age. Five-Times Sit to Stand performance was not significantly associated with weekly minutes of MVPA (ρ=-0.10,p = 0.13). Conclusions Older adults with high BMIs who are less active also demonstrate poorer movement quality which should be targeted in interventions to promote healthy aging, decrease falls, and delay disability development. Future work should explore if these associations are observed in middle-aged adults so targeted interventions can be implemented even earlier in the disability development continuum.
Experimental hydraulic parameters of drainage grate inlets with a horizontal outflow in the broad-crested weir mode
Authors: Zhuk Volodymyr , Matlai Ivan , Zavoiko Bohdan , Popadiuk Ihor , Pavlyshyn Vitaliy , Mysak Ihor , Mysak Pavlo
Published: July 2023

The accurate assessment of discharge coefficients for different types of water inlets is crucial for minimizing modelling errors in drainage systems thus reducing the risk of flooding in adjacent areas. This study experimentally investigated the hydraulic characteristics of gully grate inlets with water seal and horizontal outflow, with nominal outlet pipe diameters of 100 and 150 mm, using a laboratory setup that meets the requirements of a special European regulation. Transition depths from the weir to the orifice mode were determined, and it was found that the perforated grates significantly increased the hydraulic resistance compared to the bar grates, resulting in a corresponding decrease in the discharge capacity of gully inlets. Power–law relationships between the weir discharge coefficient and gauge head were obtained for both bar and perforated grate inlets, as well as between the discharge coefficient and Froude number at the perimeter of grate inlets. These findings provide important insights for optimizing the design and performance of water inlets, particularly in the weir mode, which is critical for the proper functioning of drainage systems.
The Potential Role of Immunotherapy in Wilms’ Tumor: Opportunities and
Challenges
Authors: Sanatkar Seyed Amir , Heidari Arash , Arya Shahrzad , Ghasemi Mina , Rezaei Nima
Published: July 2023

Wilms' tumor (WT) is the most common renal malignancy in children, accounting for more than
90% of all pediatric renal cancers. Although this tumor is generally responsive to treatment, relapses and deaths
still occur in a significant proportion of patients. The genetic alterations commonly found in WT and also its
unique histological features and the tumor microenvironment suggest that the immune system may play a crucial
role in the disease's development and progression. The limitations of conventional therapies, including
surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, in preventing recurrence in WT patients and their potential for exerting
long-term side effects, necessitate the application of novel therapeutic strategies, like immunotherapy, in
this disease. Immunotherapy is an emerging cancer treatment approach based on the concept of harnessing the
patient's immune system to fight tumor cells. This approach has demonstrated promising results in various
types of cancers due to its relatively high specificity, efficacy, and tolerability. However, the precise effects of
immunotherapy in WT remain to be explored. For this purpose, this review highlights the potential implication
of different immunotherapy approaches, like monoclonal antibodies, adoptive cell therapy, and immune checkpoint
inhibitors, in patients with WT, with a particular emphasis on the tumor's genetic and histological features.
Although much remains to be learned about the optimal use of immunotherapy for this disease, the available
evidence suggests that immunotherapy has the potential to significantly improve outcomes for patients
with WT. However, there is still a substantial need for conducting further studies, especially randomized controlled
trials, to determine the most effective immunotherapy strategy for this tumor. Moreover, the potential
beneficiary roles of the combination of immunotherapy and conventional treatments should be investigated in
future research.
The Utilization and Development of Viral Vectors in Vaccines as a Prophylactic
Treatment Against Ebola Virus as an Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious
Disease
Authors: Garcia Anthony , Grundmann Oliver
Published: July 2023

Alongside the prescription of commonly used antivirals, such as acyclovir, remdesivir,
oseltamivir, and ciprofloxacin, the most efficient way to prevent or treat communicable diseases is by
vaccination. Vaccines have been the most efficient way to prevent or treat highly transmissible infectious
agents, such as Ebola, Anthrax, and Dengue Fever. Most epidemics of these highly transmissible
infectious agents occur in places, such as South America, Central America, Tropical Asia, and Africa,
where the availability of resources and access to adequate healthcare are limited. However, recent
events in history have proven that even with access to resources and proper healthcare, those in firstworld
countries are not invincible when it comes to infectious diseases and epidemics. The Ebola virus
outbreak in West Africa highlighted the gaps in therapeutic advancement and readiness and led to
the rapid development of novel vaccine approaches. Viral vectors, in the case of the Ebola vaccine the
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV), can be safely used to activate or initiate the innate adaptive immune
response to protect against viral infection. When developed properly and with extensive study,
novel vaccine approaches allow physicians and health experts to control the rate at which viruses
spread or prevent transmission. This review will discuss the advantages of viral vector vaccines, their
chemistry and development, and the pathophysiology of the Ebola virus to develop advantageous and
efficacious treatments.
Major Targets Involved in Clinical Management of Migraine
Authors: Rushendran Rapuru , Chitra Vellapandian , Ilango Kaliappan
Published: July 2023

Background:

There has been a protracted effort to identify reliable targets for migraine.
It is believed that each year, hundreds of millions of individuals worldwide suffer from migraines,
making this widespread neurological ailment the second leading cause of years of disability
worldwide. The rationale of this study is to identify the major targets involved in migraine attacks.

Methods:

For this review, specialized databases were searched, such as PubMed, EMBASE, DynaMed
Plus, and Science Direct databases that included the pathophysiological mechanisms of
migraine, focusing on in vitro and in vivo studies in the clinical management of migraine.

Results:

Calcitonin gene-related peptide, Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP),
NOD-like receptor Protein (NLRP3), Serotonin, and some other neuroinflammatory biomarkers
are collectively responsible for the cerebral blood vessel dilation and involved in the nociceptive
pain which leads to migraine attack.

Conclusion:

Migraine biomarkers such as CGRP, PACAP, NLRP3, Nitric oxide synthase, MMP9,
and Serotonin could be targets for developing drugs. Present marketed medications temporarily
reduce symptoms and pain and have serious cardiovascular side effects. It is suggested that herbal
treatment may help prevent migraine attacks without adverse effects. Natural biomolecules that
may give better treatment than the present marketed medication and full fledge research should be
carried out with natural biomarkers by the Network Pharmacological approach.
Targets and Mechanisms of Resveratrol against Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Atherosclerosis: A Network Pharmacology Analysis Combined with In vivo Experiments
Authors: Gao Xin , Man Xiao-Juan , He Bo , Xiang Juan , Chen Jin-Song
Published: July 2023

Background:

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by plaque formation and endothelial dysfunction. Under pro-inflammatory conditions, the endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AS. Resveratrol (RES) is a natural polyphenol in traditional Chinese medicines, which has been proven to possess anti-AS effects. However, the mechanism of RES treating AS through EndMT is not clear at present.

Methods:

RES targets were screened using databases such as SwissTargetPrediction and TargetNet, and AS and EndMT targets were searched using databases such as OMIM and DisGeNET. With the help of Venny 2.1, the key targets were selected by intersection. Next, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed through the STRING 11.0 platform and Cytoscape software; gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway annotations were performed using DAVID. Further, Cytoscape was used to construct a drug-component-gene target-pathway network diagram to identify the core components and genes. Subsequently, an AS rat model was established. The blood lipid level of rats was detected by an automatic biochemical analyzer, and the expression level of the target protein was measured by western blotting.

Results:

Through network pharmacology analysis, 37 potential targets for RES treating AS and EndMT were identified, and the core targets for RES treating AS consisted of AKT1, TNF, MIMP9, and PPARG. GO enrichment analysis indicated that the treatment of AS with RES mainly involved the migration and proliferation of epithelial and endothelial cells. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the enrichment of TNF and Rap1 signaling pathways was most significant. Besides, RES effectively reduced the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the serum of AS rats, increased the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and significantly cut down the atherosclerosis index (AI). Twist1, calponin, α-SMA and VE-cadherin were considered as EndMT indexes. The results of the western blot demonstrated that the protein levels of Twist1, calponin and α-SMA were significantly decreased, while the protein expression level of VE-cadherin was notably increased in rats treated with RES. Moreover, RES could also reduce the expression levels of Rap1 and Epac1 proteins.

Conclusion:

RES is an effective anti-AS drug. Briefly, RES can effectively improve the blood lipid level of AS patients, regulate the expression of EndMT-related proteins, and alleviate the dysfunction of endothelial cells. Notably, the functions of RES are closely associated with the EPAC1-Rap1 pathway.
Curcumin-Enclosed Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Rajput Shivam , Sharma Pramod Kumar , Malviya Rishabha , Kaushik Niranjan
Published: July 2023

Cancer is the greatest cause of mortality worldwide, and it is distinguished by the unrestrained
proliferation of a group of aberrant cells, the random division of cells, and the invasiveness
of genetically organized cells. At present, there are various strategies for curing of cancer-based on
the type & severity. In the earlier two decades, curcumin has received huge attention in pharmacological,
biological, and nutraceutical research. In addition to triggering apoptosis in cancer cells,
curcumin also inhibits cancer cell invasion and proliferation by stifling cellular signaling pathways.
The lower water solubility of curcumin decreases the oral bioavailability, absorption into the systemic
circulation, and chemical stability and finally bound the activity of curcumin as an anticancer
agent. The pharmacology of curcumin, as well as its derivatives with relation to its anticancer potential,
primary modes of action, & cellular target, has been summarised in this article along with a
list of the numerous curcumin enclosing nanoformulations. Multiple methods of administration
have been developed for curcumin to boost its specificity. Encapsulation and other formulation
processing techniques have been found to enhance both the solubility and bioavailability of curcumin.
The nanoparticles' size, shape, surface characteristics, and targeting ligand are all factors that
nanoformulation designers must think about when working to increase the efficacy and cellular
targeting of anticancer treatments.
WITHDRAWN: Wisdom and Viewpoint on the Health Effects of Eating
Raw Meat among Adults
Authors: Kandula Usha Rani , Diriba Ketema , Abdulwahed Anwar , Tuji Techane Sisay , Leta Kassech , Bikila Dereje , Alemu Birhanu
Published: July 2023

Since the authors are not responding to the editor’s requests to fulfill the editorial requirement, therefore, the article has been
withdrawn.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php.

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A Progressive Stratagem Outline on Diverse Dermatological Clays
Authors: Pal Rashmi , Pal Yogendra , Kumar Merugumolu Vijay , Katiyar Deepti , Punniyakotti Saranya
Published: July 2023

For a very long time, clay has been widely utilized in cosmetics, and it is still one of the
most widely used components today. There is clay for every skincare issue and problem, including
dryness, irritation, sunburn, and oiliness. Finding the appropriate clay for the skin's type, texture, and
needs is the primary consideration. The current effort attempts to compile knowledge on the many
dermatological types of clay that are naturally present, their composition, and various views regarding
the care, skin nourishment, and benefits needed to suit the various needs of various skin types. The
present work aims to gather the information available on the different types of dermatological clays
present naturally, their composition, and different perspectives regarding the care and skin nourishment,
and their benefits required to suit different needs of different skin types.
Capparis spinosa Promoted BDNF and Antioxidant Enzyme Levels to
Protect Against Learning and Memory Deficits Induced by Scopolamine
Authors: Hosseini Mahmoud , Mansouritorghabeh Fatemeh , Beheshti Farimah , Shahidpour Fatemeh , Forouzanfar Fatemeh , Rajabian Arezoo
Published: July 2023

Background:

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major neurodegenerative disorder with
multiple manifestations, including oxidative stress, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) depletion,
and cholinergic dysfunction. Capparis spinosa (C. spinosa) is identified as a potential
source of nutrition for alleviating various ailments. The current study assessed the ameliorating
properties of C. spinosa hydroethanolic extract on memory dysfunction and the possible roles of
oxidative stress and BDNF in the scopolamine (Scop)-treated rats.

Methods:

Forty male Wistar rats were divided into the following four groups: Control, Scop (2
mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection (i.p.)), Scop + C. spinosa 150, and Scop + C. spinosa 300 groups.
The rats were given C. spinosa extract (150 or 300 mg/kg, oral) for 3 weeks. During the third
week, Passive Avoidance (PA) and Morris Water Maze (MWM) tests were done to assess
memory and learning performance. Finally, oxidative stress markers and BDNF in the brain tissue
were evaluated.

Results:

Scop injection was associated with a significant increase in the time latency and travelled
distance to reach the platform during the learning phase of MWM In the probe test, the Scoptreated
rats showed a lower time and distance in the target area. Furthermore, Scop injection significantly
decreased the latency to enter the dark while increasing the dark time and the frequency
of entries to the dark zone of the PA task. C. spinosa extract effectively reversed the behavioural
changes induced by Scop. Treatment with the extract also significantly increased the levels of superoxide
dismutase, catalase, thiols, and BDNF, while decreasing malondialdehyde production in
the brains of the Scop-injured rats.

Conclusion:

C. spinosa hydroethanolic extract successfully ameliorated Scop-induced memory
impairment by modifying BDNF and oxidative stress markers in the brain of amnesic rats.
The Emergence of Nanotechnology in the Prognosis and Treatment of Myocardial Infarctions
Authors: Sharma Isha , Bhardwaj Shivani , Karwasra Ritu , Kaushik Dhirender , Sharma Shivkant
Published: July 2023

Myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, is a critical cardiovascular
condition associated with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Despite significant advancements
in traditional treatment modalities, there remains a need for innovative approaches to improve the
prognosis and treatment outcomes of MI. The emergence of nanotechnology has provided a promising
avenue for revolutionizing the management of this life-threatening condition. This manuscript aims to
explore the role of nanotechnology in the prognosis and treatment of myocardial infarctions. Nanotechnology
offers unique advantages in the field of cardiovascular medicine, including targeted drug delivery,
precise imaging and diagnosis, regenerative medicine approaches, biosensors and monitoring, and
the integration of therapy and diagnostics (theragnostic). One of the key advantages of nanotechnology
is the ability to deliver therapeutic agents directly to the affected site. Nanoparticles can be engineered
to carry drugs specifically to damaged heart tissue, enhancing their efficacy while minimizing off-target
effects. Additionally, nanoparticles can serve as contrast agents, facilitating high-resolution imaging and
accurate diagnosis of infarcted heart tissue. Furthermore, nanotechnology-based regenerative approaches
show promise in promoting tissue healing and regeneration after MI. Nanomaterials can provide scaffolding
structures or release growth factors to stimulate the growth of new blood vessels and support tissue
repair. This regenerative potential holds significant implications for restoring cardiac function and
minimizing long-term complications. Nanotechnology also enables real-time monitoring of critical parameters
within the heart, such as oxygen levels, pH, and electrical activity, through the utilization of
nanoscale devices and sensors. This capability allows for the early detection of complications and facilitates
timely interventions. Moreover, the integration of therapy and diagnostics through nanotechnology-
based platforms, known as theragnostic, holds tremendous potential. Nanoparticles can simultaneously
deliver therapeutic agents while providing imaging capabilities, enabling personalized treatment
strategies tailored to individual patients. This manuscript will review the recent advancements, clinical
trials, and patents in nanotechnology for the prognosis and treatment of myocardial infarctions. By leveraging
nanotechnology's unique properties and applications, researchers and clinicians can develop innovative
therapeutic approaches that enhance patient outcomes, improve prognosis, and ultimately revolutionize
the management of myocardial infarctions.
Beetroot Bioactive and its Associated Health Benefits: Considerations for
Utilization of Beetroot in Value-added Products
Authors: Narayanan Meghana Valiyarayil , Rasane Prasad , Singh Jyoti , Kaur Sawinder , Avinashe Harshal , Gunjal Mahendra , Kaur Jaspreet , Bhadariya Vishesh
Published: July 2023

Background:

Beetroot is a remarkable source of nutrients needed for the improvement
of human health. This paper presents a general overview of beetroot, its bioactive compounds,
and its valorization.

Objective:

The study aimed to understand and review the various beetroot bioactive compounds
and their utilization in value-added products.

Methods:

The findings and data provided in this review are based on the available research investigations
and authorized articles.

Result:

Beetroot is a reliable source of a cluster of bioactive compounds, such as betalains,
ascorbic acid, phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and nitrates, which have brought it into the
spotlight for the preparation of various value-added products for daily consumption for better
health. These beneficial compounds show a wide range of health benefits, such as antiinflammatory
activity, anti-oxidant activity, anti-anemic activity, and cancer chemopreventive
activity.

Conclusion:

This paper has reviewed the studies focused on the utilization of beetroot concerning
its varied composition of nutraceutical components. This review briefly accounts for the different
bioactive compound extraction methods that are immensely helpful in the food and health
industries. The advantages and disadvantages of these extractions are also taken into consideration.
There is a wide range of value-added products currently in the market that are generated
from the addition of beetroot for the improvement of nutritional as well as sensory attributes of
the final products.
Likes and Dislikes: Cell Preference in the Context of Biomaterials
Authors: Koh Benson , Azman Siti Sarah , Mohd Som Nor Aina , Chelathurai Prianga , Sulaiman Nadiah , Dain Yazid Muhammad
Published: July 2023

Cell adhesion is a complex mechanism that involves a dynamic interaction
between the cell surface protein and specific ligands. It has become a crucial part to be
understood when it comes to cell adhesion to biomaterial, especially in the tissue
engineering field. In this chapter, we narratively discussed the basic principle of cell
adhesion and the factors that affect this process. The characterisation of cells on
biomaterials has also been discussed, as well as their application in the tissue
engineering context.
The Shaft Load Simulations and Calculations of the IM Efficiency Using OrCAD PSpice Designer Software: Obtaining Static Characteristics Data Based on Dynamic Model Modifications of Electrical Machines
Authors: Pustovetov Mikhail , Shukhmin Konstantin , Goolak Sergey , Matijošius Jonas , Kravchenko Kateryna
Published: July 2023

 In this chapter, authors suggest an approach to the shaft load simulations and
calculations of the electrical machine efficiency with the use of OrCAD PSpice
Designer Software, and in particular, visual programming of analogue component
blocks. Also, a method for modifying the EM dynamic model is put forward. This
method enables researchers and designers to acquire data for plotting static mechanical,
electromechanical and performance curves vs the angular speed of the rotor. These data
are obtained by modifications to the block-diagram of the motion equation of the drive
where the instantaneous values of the electromagnetic torque of the motor and the load
torque are equal by absolute values and opposite to each direction.
Dental Pulp: A Charismatic Role in DNA Fingerprinting
Authors: Bansal Shivani , Gaikwad Archana
Published: July 2023

The current advances in DNA fingerprinting have significantly
revolutionized forensic odontology. DNA, the language of life, manages all cell
activities, which gives unimaginable data related to health and disease. Although the
medical and dental records of the patient are the gold standard in forensic
identification, DNA fingerprinting has plodded along with conventional fingerprints
and blooming in forensic science. Following natural mass calamities or non-natural
catastrophes, when the other means of traditional identification become impossible,
teeth serve as a rich source of DNA due to their resistance to physical and chemical
insults. The recent techniques in the isolation of DNA, the ways of running a DNA
fingerprint and their significance in identifying the truth from untruth are highlighted in
the chapter.
Effect of the Dislocation Dipoles with Different Arms on the Graphene Deformation Behavior: molecular dynamics
Authors: Akhunova A.Kh.  , Baimova J. A.
Published: July 2023

The molecular dynamics simulation is used to analyze the features of the deformation behavior and the process of fracture of graphene with dislocation dipoles with different arm. Moreover, the wrinkling of graphene during deformation is taken into account, which greatly reduces the strength of graphene. It has been established that an increase in temperature slightly affects the mechanical properties of graphene with dislocation dipoles, in contrast to defect-free graphene and graphene with a Stone--Wales defect. It is shown that a change in the distance between dislocations in a dipole does not significantly affect the elastic modulus and graphene strength. However, the presence of dislocation dipoles can affect graphene wrinkling during stretching. Keywords: graphene, dislocation dipole, mechanical properties, molecular dynamics.
Adiabatic guided modes of a three-layer integral optical waveguide
Authors: D. V. Divakov  , K.P. Lovetskiy  , A. L. Sevastyanov  , A. A. Tiutiunnik
Published: July 2023

The numerical solution of the problem of guided propagation of polarized light in a smooth junction of a planar waveguide is considered. Within the framework of the model of adiabatic guided modes, the system of Maxwell equations is reduced to a system of four ordinary differential equations and two algebraic equations for six components of the electromagnetic field in the zeroth approximation and the same number of equations in the first approximation. The multilayer structure of waveguides makes it possible to reduce the problem to a homogeneous system of linear algebraic equations, whose nontrivial solvability condition yields the dispersion equation. Auxiliary eigenvalue problems for describing the adiabatic modes of the waveguide are solved. Keywords: smoothly irregular integrated-optical multilayer waveguides, eigenvalue and eigenvector problems, single-mode propagation of adiabatic waveguide modes.
Influence of stretching and compression deformations on the electrical conductive properties of graphene-nanotube composites with an island-type topology
Authors: Slepchenkov M. M.  , Barkov P. V.  , Glukhova O.E.
Published: July 2023

Within the framework of the self--consistent--charge density functional tight-binding method, we study the features of the atomic structure and electrical conductive properties of a hybrid graphene-nanotube film with an island topology under uniaxial stretching and compression. The hybrid film is a composite structure formed by AB-stacked bilayer graphene and horizontally oriented chiral single-walled carbon nanotubes of 1.2 nm in diameter. The regularities of the deformation behavior of the investigated hybrid structure are revealed and the limits of its strength are established. It is shown how the electrical resistance and the current-voltage characteristic of the film change under stretching/compression deformations. Keywords: island-type graphene-nanotube films, uniaxial stretching/compression, resistance, current-voltage characteristic.
Influence of the rate of directional crystallization and silicon content on the structure and strength of the Al-Si-Cu alloy
Authors: Nikanorov S.P.  , Osipov V. N.  , Timashov R. B.  , Chikiryaka A. V.
Published: July 2023

The structure and strength of AlxSi-2wt.%Cu (x = 15, 17 and 20 wt.%) alloys obtained by directional solidification at a rate of 0.1 and 0.8 mm/s are investigated. It is shown that the tensile strength increases with an increase in the rate of solidification due to a decrease in the size of eutectic silicon and the transformation of its crystal flake into a fine-fiber one. In addition, there was an increase in tensile strength due to an increase of the share of the intermetallic phase, exceeding the reduced tensile strength due to an increase in the amount of the α-Al phase. An increase in the silicon content in the samples during solidification at a rate of 0.1 mm/s does not lead to a change in structure and strength. At a higher rate of solidification, there is a reduction of the share of eutectic and a decrease in strength. Keywords: aluminum alloys, eutectic, structure, tensile strength.
Obtaining a colored nanostructured layer of amorphous silicon by etching in chlorine-containing plasma
Authors: Amirov I. I.  , Kupriyanov A. N.  , Izyumov M. O.  , Mazaletsky L. S.
Published: July 2023

It is shown that in the self-forming mode in the plasma etching process of amorphous silicon structures (α-Si)/SiO2/Si and (α-Si)/Pt/SiO2/Si in chlorine-containing plasma (Cl2/Ar), it is possible to obtain a multicolored surface from nanoconus and nanowire structures of α-Si. The mechanism of formation of such structures during plasma chemical etching is discussed. The reflection spectra of colored films are given. The bright colors of the surface are caused by the resonant reflection of light in the layers of nanoconus and nanowire structures of α-Si with a sublayer of α-Si nanometer thickness. Keywords: color, nanostructures, amorphous silicon, plasma etching, nanowire, reflection spectra.
Investigation of primary nanocracks of atomically smooth metals
Authors: Yurov V. M.  , Goncharenko V. I.  , Oleshko V. S.
Published: July 2023

A new analytical model for calculating the characteristics of primary cracks that appear in atomically smooth metals is proposed. A technique has been developed for calculating the length of nanocracks in atomically smooth metals based on the study of the physical properties of crystals. For the first time, the parameters of primary cracks were calculated using the example of atomically smooth metals. The results obtained on the basis of the developed method are compared with the results of applying known models of nanocrack formation. It is shown that our results are consistent with previously known results. Keywords: surface, surface energy, surface layer, nanostructure, melting point, atomic volume, atomically smooth crystal.
Antibacterial and anti-biofilm action of cobalt oxide nanoparticles beside persister Pseudomonas Aeruginosa isolates
Authors: Ahmed Alaa M. , Al Marjani Mohammed F. , Rheimah Ahmed M.
Published: July 2023

Persister cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa have developed a wide-reaching public health problem. Although this is a medical concern, there is currently no effective means to remove P. aeruginosa persister cells. Nanoparticles containing cobalt oxide (Co3O4-NPs) were examined for their ability to impact the formation of biofilms and inhibit the growth of bacteria. Researchers found that Co3o4-NPs were effective against P. aeruginosa, with inhibition zones ranging from 11 to 19 mm and MIC (Minimum Inhibition Concentration) results of 156 to 312 g/ml. The Co3O4-NPs with a titration of 10 mg/mL (76.54 percent) had the maximum biofilm suppression activity, while a titration of 0.156 mg/ml had the lowest (11.50 percent). According to the findings, P. aeruginosa biofilms and persister cells can benefit from applying co3o4-NPs.
Keywords: Persister cell, SEM, co3o4-NPs, Anti-biofilm action