bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correction: A tough, smart elastomeric bio-based hyperbranched polyurethane nanocomposite
Authors: Thakur Suman , Karak Niranjan
Published: October 2022

Correction for ‘A tough, smart elastomeric bio-based hyperbranched polyurethane nanocomposite’ by Suman Thakur et al., New J. Chem., 2015, 39, 2146–2154, https://doi.org/10.1039/C4NJ01989J.
Water structure, dynamics and reactivity on a TiO2-nanoparticle surface: new insights from ab initio molecular dynamics
Authors: Grote Fredrik , Lyubartsev Alexander P.
Published: October 2022

An ab initio molecular dynamics simulation of a TiO2 nanoparticle fully immersed in water demonstrates the role of surface defects in water dissociation and elucidates water structure and dynamics at the surface.
Substrate stiffness reduces particle uptake by epithelial cells and macrophages in a size-dependent manner through mechanoregulation
Authors: Lee Aaron , Sousa de Almeida Mauro , Milinkovic Daela , Septiadi Dedy , Taladriz-Blanco Patricia , Loussert-Fonta Céline , Balog Sandor , Bazzoni Amelie , Rothen-Rutishauser Barbara , Petri-Fink Alke
Published: October 2022

Cells continuously exert forces on their environment and respond to changes in mechanical forces by altering their behaviour.
Red emitting fluorescent carbon nanoparticles to track spatio-temporal dynamics of endocytic pathways in model neuroblastoma neurons
Authors: Hivare Pravin , Singh Udisha , Mujmer Kratika , Gupta Sharad , Bhatia Dhiraj
Published: October 2022

Schematic diagram showing the fluorescent carbon nanoparticle synthesis and its biological applications in SH-SY5Y cells and differentiated neurons. Carbon nanoparticles enter mostly via a clathrin-mediated endocytic pathway in SH-SY5Y cells and differentiated neurons.
Substituent effects of the phenyl ring at different positions from the α-carbon of TEMPO-type nitroxide
Authors: Yamasaki Toshihide , Matsuda Yuto , Munekane Masayuki , Sano Kohei , Mukai Takahiro
Published: October 2022

TEMPO-based nitroxides with different distances between the phenyl group and the C2 carbon were synthesized and their ESR, redox potential, reduction reactivity toward ascorbate, and computational geometry were evaluated.
Nucleobase-containing polymer architectures controlled by supramolecular interactions: the key to achieve biomimetic platforms with various morphologies
Authors: Arsenie Laura Vasilica , Ladmiral Vincent , Lacroix-Desmazes Patrick , Catrouillet Sylvain
Published: October 2022

Challenges and opportunities in supramolecular self-assembly of synthetic nucleobase-containing copolymers.
Tunable interfacial adhesion based on orthogonal supramolecular forces
Authors: Han Weiwei , Fan Jiabao , Hu Ziqing , Zhang Hanwei , Dong Sanbao , Ji Xiaofan
Published: October 2022

Orthogonal supramolecular forces were introduced into adhesive gel, and its interfacial adhesion strength could be adjusted through adding competitive molecules.
FeF3@C nanotube arrays grown on carbon fabric as a free-standing cathode for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Xu Xijun , Li Fangkun , Zhang Dechao , Ji Shaomin , Huo Yanping , Liu Jun
Published: October 2022

Free-standing FeF3@C attained via in situ etching and gas fluoridization. Due to the nanoarrays structure, this cathode effectively moderated volume fluctuation and enhanced diffusion kinetic, thus attaining superior electrochemical properties.
Electrooxidation-induced selective cleavage of C–N bonds of tertiary amines to access thioureas, selenoureas, and 2-aminated benzoselenazoles
Authors: Zeng Ting , Yang Jianjing , Yan Kelu , Wang Shibo , Zhu Shuyun , Zhao Xian-En , Li Dandan , Wen Jiangwei
Published: October 2022

A metal-free, operationally simple, and scalable electrooxidation-induced selective cleavage of C–N bonds of tertiary amines to access thiourea, selenourea, and 2-aminated benzoselenazole derivatives has been developed.
Multifunctional stimuli-responsive chemogenetic platform for conditional multicolor cell-selective labeling
Authors: Chen Pengfei , Wang Rui , Wang Ke , Han Jiao-Na , Kuang Shi , Nie Zhou , Huang Yan
Published: October 2022

Comparison of the stimuli-responsive FAST platform (srFAST) proposed in this work with the reported original FAST system (O-FAST). The srFAST could achieve not only conditional selective labeling, but also multicolor selective labeling.
Recyclability of CsPbBr3 quantum dot glass nanocomposites for their long-standing use in white LEDs
Authors: Vahedigharehchopogh Naji , Erol Erdinç , Kıbrıslı Orhan , Genç Aziz , Çelikbilek Ersundu Miray , Ersundu Ali Erçin
Published: October 2022

The recycling process of CsPbBr3 PQD glass nanocomposites and prototype WLED construction.
Ultra-low-temperature reversible thermochromism and contactless bacterial sensing by chalcone-functionalized polydiacetylene
Authors: Manikandan Rajendran , Shauloff Nitzan , Jelinek Raz
Published: October 2022

HCl-treated chalcone-polydiacetylene films exhibit ammonia-induced pronounced visible color and fluorescence transformations employed for visible detection of food spoilage.
Recent progress in ZnCo2O4and its composites for energy storage and conversion: a review
Authors: Gonçalves Josué M. , da Silva Matheus I. , Silva Murillo N. T. , Martins Paulo R. , Nossol Edson , Toma Henrique E. , Angnes Lucio
Published: October 2022

In this work, electrode materials based on ZnCo2O4for the HER/OER/ORR and energy storage devices were reviewed considering their key multifunctional role in the way to a more sustainable society.
The star formation history of Upper Scorpius and Ophiuchus
Authors: Miret-Roig N. , Galli P. A. B. , Olivares J. , Bouy H. , Alves J. , Barrado D.
Published: October 2022

Context. Understanding how star formation begins and propagates through molecular clouds is a fundamental but still open question. One major difficulty in addressing this question is the lack of precise 3D kinematics and age information for young stellar populations. Thanks to astrometry provided by Gaia, large spectroscopic surveys, and improved age-dating methods, this picture is changing.

Aims. We aim to study spatial and kinematic substructures of the region encompassed by the Upper Scorpius and Ophiuchus star forming regions. We want to determine dynamical traceback ages and study the star formation history (SFH) of the complex.

Methods. We combined our spectroscopic observations with spectra in public archives and large radial velocity surveys to obtain a precise radial velocity sample to complement the Gaia astrometry. We used a Gaussian Mixture Model to identify different kinematic structures in the 6D space of positions and velocities. We applied an orbital traceback analysis to estimate a dynamical traceback age for each group and determine the place where it was born.

Results. We identified seven different groups in this region. Four groups (ν Sco, β Sco, σ Sco and δ Sco) are part of Upper Scorpius, two groups (ρ Oph and α Sco) are in Ophiuchus, and another group (π Sco) is a nearby young population. We found an age gradient from the ρ Oph group (the youngest) to the δ Sco group (≲5 Myr), showing that star formation has been a sequential process for the past 5 Myr. Our traceback analysis shows that Upper Scorpius and ρ Oph groups share a common origin. The closer group of π Sco is probably older, and the traceback analysis suggests that this group and the α Sco group have different origins, likely related to other associations in the Sco-Cen complex.

Conclusions. Our study shows that this region has a complex SFH that goes beyond the current formation scenario, and is likely a result of stellar feedback from massive stars, supernova explosions, and dynamic interactions between stellar groups and the molecular gas. In particular, we speculate that photoionisation from the massive δ Sco star could have triggered star formation first in the β Sco group and then in the ν Sco group. The perturbations of stellar orbits due to stellar feedback and dynamical interactions could also be responsible for the 1–3 Myr difference that we found between dynamical traceback ages and isochronal ages.
Methodologies for efficient and reliable NPP polymer ageing management
Authors: Broudin Morgane , Chouikha Mohamed Ben
Published: October 2022

The lifetime of existing Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) can potentially be extended to between 60 and 80 years if safety and operability of facilities can be guaranteed. This requires efforts in terms of equipment qualification and ageing management to support stakeholders and decision makers. Polymer ageing is of concern due to their widespread use in NPPs (e.g. each NPP contains approximately 1500 km of cables). Predicting their lifetime and monitoring their integrity remain a challenge. Here, we present a cross-cutting review of two on-going Horizon 2020 projects (TeaM Cables and El Peacetolero). The combination of these 2 projects allows to provide the community with non-destructive and predictive tools that can help assess the reliability and functionality of polymer-based components such as cables or pipes. The paper discusses scientific challenges faced in the beginning and achievements made throughout the projects, including the industrial impact and lessons learnt. Two specific aspects highlighted concern the way the projects sought contact with end users and the balance between industrial and academic partners. The paper concludes with an outlook on follow-up issues related to the long-term operation of NPPs.
Multimorbidity in a 35-Year-Old Female Patient Treated with Homeopathy: A Case Report
Authors: Mallangi Jayasubhashini , Chaudhuri Jyotika , Varanasi Roja , Oberai Praveen
Published: October 2022

Background Multimorbidity, a prevailing trend in the primary care population of all ages, is a challenge for health care systems that are largely configured for single disease management. Homeopathy has shown competence in the management of chronic diseases, whether they occur as a single ailment or as a multimorbidity.

Case History A 35-year-old female patient presenting with hemorrhoids, low back pain, hypothyroidism, fibroadenosis breasts (bilateral), and fibroid uterus was given homeopathic treatment for 33 months at Nandigama AYUSH Lifestyle Disorders Clinic, Andhra Pradesh. She was prescribed the homeopathic medicines Lachesis mutus and Thyroidinum at different time intervals based on the totality of symptoms.

Results Following treatment, a reduction in the size of the uterine fibroid and complete regression of breast lumps in ultrasonography were noted. The modified Naranjo criteria total score was 10 out of 13. Further, significant improvement in symptoms and laboratory parameters, such as triiodothyronine (T3), tetra-iodothyronine (T4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), indicated that a well-chosen homeopathic medicine may be beneficial in managing multimorbidity.

Conclusion This case study reveals a positive role of homeopathic treatment in multimorbidity. More case studies and well-designed controlled research should be used to further investigate homeopathic intervention in multimorbidity.
In Vitro Cytotoxicity and Mineralization Potential of an Endodontic Bioceramic Material
Authors: Sheela Soumya , Nassar Mohannad , AlGhalban Fatma M. , Gorduysus Mehmet O.
Published: October 2022

Objective The interest in bioceramic materials has been steadily growing for different applications in endodontics. With the continued introduction of new bioceramic-based materials into the market, it is of great importance to assess the biocompatibility before providing recommendations on their clinical use. This study evaluated the in vitro cytotoxicity and mineralization potential of two consistencies of unset premixed bioceramic material (TotalFill BC RRM putty and TotalFill BC sealer) compared with an epoxy resin-based sealer (AH Plus) on osteoblast cells.

Materials and Methods Overall, 100% extracts were obtained by weighing 0.1 g of each material in 1 mL of cell culture media. Primary human osteoblast (HOB) cells (n = 4) were treated with different concentrations (100, 50, 25, 12.50, and 6.25%) of each extract. XTT assay and Alizarin Red S staining were used to evaluate the cytotoxic effect and the biomineralization potential, respectively.

Statistical Analysis Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's post hoc tests.

Results The cytotoxicity assay after 24 h treatment showed that all materials at high concentrations of the extract (100 and 50%) were toxic to HOB (p < 0.001). On the contrary to TotalFill BC RRM Putty, AH Plus and TotalFill BC sealer were toxic at 25% concentration. However, at 12.5% concentration and lower, all materials were nontoxic. The mineralization potential analyzed after 7 and 14 days showed that TotalFill BC material–treated cells could deposit mineralized nodules in the normal and osteogenic medium unlike AH plus-treated cells.

Conclusion At low concentrations, TotalFill BC materials showed higher biocompatibility to HOB cells than AH Plus, enhanced the viability of the cells, maintained their typical morphology, and induced the formation of mineralized nodules. Despite the encouraging data, clinical trials are needed to identify the effect of this material on the long-term outcome of endodontic treatment.
Conceptos actuales en osteotomías en doble nivel alrededor de la rodilla
Authors: Díaz-Allende Pedro , Partarrieu-Stegmeier Robert , Colmenares-Sandoval Oscar , Figueroa-Poblete David
Published: October 2022

Con la osteotomía en un solo nivel, se puede lograr la corrección del eje de la extremidad en pacientes con deformidades combinadas femoral y tibial, pero de forma simultánea generará una alteración patológica de oblicuidad de la interlínea articular, lo que conducirá a elongación ligamentaria, inestabilidad, degeneración condral y, en última instancia, comprometerá su sobrevida y los resultados funcionales. En virtud del análisis de la literatura más reciente, podemos concluir que existe un número significativo de pacientes que requieren de un procedimiento combinado para lograr un objetivo biomecánico óptimo. La finalidad de una osteotomía en doble nivel alrededor de la rodilla consiste en restablecer la anatomía normal, descargar el compartimiento afectado, normalizar los ángulos mecánicos y la orientación de la interlínea articular. Los ejes fisiológicos pueden restablecerse a través de un análisis preoperatorio exhaustivo, respetando principios biomecánicos y fijación estable con placas bloqueadas. Es un procedimiento demandante y con indicaciones en evolución, que progresivamente se ha instaurado como una alternativa de tratamiento justificada en estudios clínicos y biomecánicos para el manejo de deformidades severas alrededor de la rodilla.
Long-Term Outcome of 118 Acute Total Brachial Plexus Injury Patients Using Free Vascularized Ulnar Nerve Graft to Innervate the Median Nerve
Authors: Lin Jennifer An-Jou , Lu Johnny Chuieng-Yi , Chang Tommy Nai-Jen , Sakarya Ahmet Hamdi , Chuang David Chwei-Chin
Published: October 2022

Background The restoration of finger movement in total brachial plexus injuries (BPIs) is an ultimate challenge. Pedicled vascularized ulnar nerve graft (VUNG) connecting a proximal root to distal target nerves has shown unpredictable outcomes. We modified this technique by harvesting VUNG as a free flap to reinnervate median nerve (MN). We analyzed the long-term outcomes of these methods.

Methods From years 1998 to 2015, 118 acute total brachial plexus patients received free VUNG to innervate the MN. Patients were followed up at least 5 years after the initial surgery. Donor nerves included the ipsilateral C5 root (25 patients) or contralateral C7 root (CC7 = 93 patients). Recovery of finger and elbow flexion was evaluated with the modified Medical Research Council system. Michigan Hand Score and Quick-DASH were used to represent the patient-reported outcomes.

Results For finger flexion, ipsilateral C5 transfer to MN alone yielded similar outcomes to MN + MCN (musculocutaneous nerve), while CC7 had significantly better finger flexion when coapted to MN alone than to MN + MCN. Approximately 75% patients were able to achieve finger flexion with nerve transfer alone. For elbow flexion, best outcome was seen in the ipsilateral C5 to MCN and MN.

Conclusion In acute total BPI, the priority is to identify the ipsilateral C5 root to innervate MN, with concomitant innervation of MCN to establish the best outcomes for finger and elbow flexion. CC7 is more reliable when used to innervate one target (MN).

Level of evidence: III.
Containing COVID-19 and the social costs on human rights in African countries
Authors: Manderson Lenore , Chavarro Diego , Kaunda-Khangamwa Blessings , Kagaha Alexander , Zakumumpa Henry
Published: October 2022

Multiple social interventions were introduced to contain the COVID-19 pandemic across Africa, limiting social engagement, school and workplace attendance, and travel. In anticipation of negative economic consequences and social impact, many governments introduced cash transfers, social pensions, food aid, and utility and tax waivers. However, people living precariously and/or under conditions of structural vulnerability were often unable to access to this support. A rapid review was undertaken on COVID-19 and the effects of interventions on human rights in African countries, examining primary studies, editorial notes, opinion papers, and literature reviews, with focus on qualitative approaches and discussions. In examining the links between health, human rights and non-pharmaceutical interventions on vulnerable populations, the review identified that: (1) people who were vulnerable were excluded from or not adequately represented in policy responses to COVID-19; (2) the precarious socio-economic conditions of these populations were not adequately addressed by dominant policy responses; and (3) only partial support was offered to those whose relationship with the state was ambiguous or conditional, so compromising human rights. Interactions between health, human rights, and underlying social and economic conditions amplified poor health and impoverishment of those who were already vulnerable. The challenge is to find a balance between stopping the spread of COVID-19 and the protection of human rights; to implement population-specific responses to supplement uniform public health responses; and to address causes (structural vulnerability) rather than symptoms. There is a need to plan rather than react to pandemics, and to co-construct interventions with rather than delivering instructions to populations. These recommendations serve as instruments to be considered when designing new policies, to incorporate a human rights perspective in responses to current and future pandemics.
Chinese universities’ experience of social education, 1912–1949
Authors: Wang Xiaoxuan , Liu Jinrong
Published: October 2022

During the Republican era, when China faced internal and external difficulties and was impoverished, social education was considered crucial to revive and strengthen the country. After social education was introduced to China from the West, many universities participated in social education and became the main promoters and implementers of social education, giving it localized characteristics. Thus far, there remains a void in the social education of Chinese universities in the English-speaking world. The present study explores the historical motivations for universities in the Republic of China (ROC) to join the wave of social education development from 1912 to 1949. Herein, Yenching University, Jiangsu Provincial College of Education, National Sun Yat-Sen University, and National North-West United University were selected for case studies to demonstrate the methods and achievements of social work, literacy, political, and life education through the establishment of rural experimental areas. The “university experimental area” model of education created by universities differs from other models and reflects a close relationship between the university and the state and society. This model makes up for the shortage of foreignization, aristocracy, and urbanization of school education within the specific time and space. Moreover, the model enriches the connotation of “ education throughout society”. In addition, the social education experiences of universities in ROC provide a valuable solution for exploring rural education, rural renewal, social construction, and national governance. Furthermore, it is one of the historical preludes of China’s rural revitalization strategy in the new era as well as a practical reference for countries in the world with similar problems.
Computational investigation of incident ion angles and material erosion at rough graphite and silicon carbide divertor surfaces
Authors: Abe S. , Skinner C. H. , Liu A. , Garcia J. , Lin Z. , Bringuier S. , Abrams T. , Koel B. E.
Published: October 2022

We present a computational investigation of the dependence of material erosion on the incident ion angle at rough graphite and silicon carbide divertor surfaces. Ion angle distributions (IADs) for D plasmas at NSTX-U and DIII-D divertors were calculated by an equation-of-motion model that traces the ion trajectories in the sheath. Then, the effective sputtering yields and ion shadowed area fractions were calculated by a Monte Carlo micro-patterning and roughness code that applied the calculated IADs to surface topographic data that were obtained from optical confocal microscopy of rough graphite and SiC divertor surfaces from NSTX-U and DIII-D experiments. The calculations found that the effective sputtering yields, the sputtering pattern, and the shadowed area are determined by the detailed surface topology rather than the root mean square roughness RRMS, which represents deviations from a flat surface. The suppression of the effective sputtering yields for rough surfaces compared to the yield for a smooth surface was accounted for by the change of the mean local incident ion angle (LIIA) ⟨θ′⟩. The mean surface inclination angle distribution (SIAD) ⟨δ⟩ was found to be a useful parameter to estimate the LIIA from the calculated IADs. We report global empirical formulas for the mean LIIA and fraction of the area shadowed from the main ions for D plasmas for rough surfaces with B-field incident angles α = 85°–89° as a function of the mean SIAD ⟨δ⟩. We propose the use of the mean LIIA ⟨θ′⟩ to estimate the sputtering yield for rough surfaces from the angular dependence of the sputtering yield.
Foil explosion in megagauss magnetic fields: Non-uniform expansion and instabilities
Authors: Chaikovsky S. A. , Datsko I. M. , Labetskaya N. A. , Oreshkin E. V. , Oreshkin V. I. , Ratakhin N. A. , Rousskikh A. G. , Vankevich V. A. , Zhigalin A. S. , Baksht R. B.
Published: October 2022

This paper presents an analysis of the results of an experiment on the explosion of copper foils, which was carried out on the MIG generator that produced a current through the foil at a level of 2 MA with a current pulse rise time of 100 ns. The foil length (along the z axis) was 20 mm, width (along the x axis) 5 mm, and thickness (along the y axis) 250 μm. It was observed that when the foils were exploded in megagauss magnetic fields with the foil current flowing along the z axis, the expansion of the plasma was extremely nonisotropic. The expansion of the foil material along the x axis was suppressed, and it expanded only along the y axis. An analysis of the experimental data carried out using a radiation magnetohydrodynamic code has shown that the nonisotropy of the expansion was associated with an enhancement of the magnetic field at the narrow side of the foil. As a result of the field enhancement, the magnetic pressure at the narrow foil side significantly exceeded the magnetic pressure in the center of the foil surface. Using an HSFC Pro optical camera (providing a frame exposure time of 3 ns), large-scale instabilities with wavelengths of 0.2–0.5 mm were detected on the foil surface. In appearance, these instabilities were similar to those developing in an exploding rod. It was suggested that the most likely cause of the appearance of the plasma structure observed in the experiment was the growth of flute instabilities.
Sub-keV design for the National Ignition Facility’s soft x-ray Opacity Spectrometer (OpSpec) and expansion plans for time-resolved measurements
Authors: Wallace M. S. , Heinmiller J. M. , Dutra E. C. , Knight R. A. , Heeter R. F. , Opachich Y. P. , Buscho J. , Fontes C. J. , Max D. A. , Emig J. A. , Posadas R. , Ayers J. , Archuleta T. N. , Moy K. , Urbatsch T. J. , Perry T. S.
Published: October 2022

When compared with the National Ignition Facility’s (NIF) original soft x-ray opacity spectrometer, which used a convex cylindrical design, an elliptically shaped design has helped to increase the signal-to-noise ratio and eliminated nearly all reflections from alternate crystal planes. The success of the elliptical geometry in the opacity experiments has driven a new elliptical geometry crystal with a spectral range covering 520–1100 eV. When coupled with the primary elliptical geometry, which spans 1000–2100 eV, the new sub-keV elliptical geometry helps to cover the full iron L-shell and major oxygen transitions important to solar opacity experimentation. The new design has been built and tested by using a Henke x-ray source and shows the desired spectral coverage. Additional plans are underway to expand these opacity measurements into a mode of time-resolved detection, ∼1 ns gated, but considerations for the detector size and photometrics mean a crystal geometry redesign. The new low-energy geometry, including preliminary results from the NIF opacity experiments, is presented along with the expansion plans into a time-resolved platform.
A model for K-shell x-ray yield from magnetic implosions at Sandia's Z machine
Authors: Schwarz J. , Vesey R. A. , Ampleford D. J. , Schaeuble M. A. , Velikovich A. L. , Giuliani J. L. , Esaulov A. , Dasgupta A. , Jones B.
Published: October 2022

A zero-dimensional magnetic implosion model with a coupled equivalent circuit for the description of an imploding nested wire array or gas puff is presented. Circuit model results have been compared with data from imploding stainless steel wire arrays, and good agreement has been found. The total energy coupled to the load, Ej×B, has been applied to a simple semi-analytic K-shell yield model, and excellent agreement with previously reported K-shell yields across all wire array and gas puff platforms is seen. Trade space studies in implosion radius and mass have found that most platforms operate near the predicted maximum yield. In some cases, the K-shell yield may be increased by increasing the mass or radius of the imploding array or gas puff.
Quasi-periodic Andreev reflection in topological nodal-line semimetal–superconductor junctions
Authors: Wang Xing , Wang Yun-Xia , Li Yu-Xian
Published: October 2022

The Andreev reflection in topological nodal-line semimetal–superconductor (TNLSM–SC) junctions is studied based on the Landauer–Büttiker formula combined with the non-equilibrium Green’s function method. It is found that the Andreev reflection coefficient can reach large values of several tens for a TNLSM–SC junction. In the energy gap, two new peaks for the Andreev reflection appear. Outside the energy gap, the Andreev reflection shows a quasi-periodic variation. With the incident energy increasing, the Andreev reflection decreases periodically. This phenomenon originates from the peculiar energy spectrum of the TNLSMs. The value and quasi-period of the Andreev reflection coefficient depend on the size of the system in different directions. These anomalous Andreev reflections are helpful to study the transport properties in normal metal–superconductor junctions.
Application of Prandtl, von Kármán, and lattice Boltzmann methods to investigations of turbulent slip incompressible flow in a flat channel
Authors: Avramenko Andriy A. , Tyrinov Andrii I. , Shevchuk Igor V.
Published: October 2022

The paper focuses on the modeling of turbulent slip incompressible flow in a flat channel. Slippage on the channel wall can be caused by two reasons. The first reason is microchannels when the mean free path of molecules exceeds a certain value, which is characterized by the Knudsen number. The second reason is hydrophobic surfaces, which are used to reduce hydraulic resistance. Two models of turbulence were used to derive analytical solutions of fully developed flow. The first model is the Prandtl model (model of mixing length). The second model is the von Kármán model (model of similarity of pulsation velocities). Analytical models were built in a two-layer approximation: a laminar sublayer and a turbulent core. Both models showed a good agreement with the lattice Boltzmann method. An increase in the Knudsen number leads to an increase in the flow rate and a decrease in shear stress on the walls, which reduces the friction factor. This is due to the weakening of the interaction between the flow and the wall, which also leads to a decrease in the shear stress on the walls. As the Reynolds number increases, this effect becomes more noticeable.
Bridging the gap between science and indigenous cosmologies: Rheumatic Heart Disease Champions4Change
Authors: Wade Vicki , Stewart Maida
Published: October 2022

Australia has articulated a commitment to eliminate rheumatic heart disease (RHD) by 2031. Business as usual will not achieve this goal. Diverse sectors need to work together in implementing complementary strategies towards this ambitious target. Rheumatic Heart Disease Australia’s ‘Champions4Change’ program is one important element that provides a novel and vital approach. Champions4Change is a culturally safe program of people living with acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD). The Champions support each other, advocate for ending RHD, design education and awareness programs and inform resource and program development through their lived experiences. New approaches that acknowledge the complex and challenging environments in which ARF/RHD exist are required to eliminate RHD and improve care for those living with ARF/RHD. Approaches taken by the program include local engagement, improved capacity and opportunities for Champions and their communities to make self-determined decisions based on culturally informed information. This paper highlights success stories using culture and locally appropriate approaches to improve community knowledge and awareness of RHD. We describe the rationale, development and purpose of Champions4Change, illustrating how this is far more than a peer-support group, and provides benefits for health services and researchers, as well as empowering community members.
Teeth, prenatal growth rates, and the evolution of human-like pregnancy in later
Homo
Authors: Monson Tesla A. , Weitz Andrew P. , Brasil Marianne F. , Hlusko Leslea J.
Published: October 2022

Evidence of how gestational parameters evolved is essential to understanding this fundamental stage of human life. Until now, these data seemed elusive given the skeletal bias of the fossil record. We demonstrate that dentition provides a window into the life of neonates. Teeth begin to form in utero and are intimately associated with gestational development. We measured the molar dentition for 608 catarrhine primates and collected data on prenatal growth rate (PGR) and endocranial volume (ECV) for 19 primate genera from the literature. We found that PGR and ECV are highly correlated (
R
2
= 0.93,
P
< 0.001). Additionally, we demonstrated that molar proportions are significantly correlated with PGR (
P
= 0.004) and log-transformed ECV (
P
= 0.001). From these correlations, we developed two methods for reconstructing PGR in the fossil record, one using ECV and one using molar proportions. Dental proportions reconstruct hominid ECV (
R
2
= 0.81,
P
< 0.001), a result that can be extrapolated to PGR. As teeth dominate fossil assemblages, our findings greatly expand our ability to investigate life history in the fossil record. Fossil ECVs and dental measurements from 13 hominid species both support significantly increasing PGR throughout the terminal Miocene and Plio-Pleistocene, reflecting known evolutionary changes. Together with pelvic and endocranial morphology, reconstructed PGRs indicate the need for increasing maternal energetics during pregnancy over the last 6 million years, reaching a human-like PGR (i.e., more similar to humans than to other extant apes) and ECV in later
Homo
less than 1 million years ago.
The diverse genetic origins of a Classical period Greek army
Authors: Reitsema Laurie J. , Mittnik Alissa , Kyle Britney , Catalano Giulio , Fabbri Pier Francesco , Kazmi Adam C. S. , Reinberger Katherine L. , Sineo Luca , Vassallo Stefano , Bernardos Rebecca , Broomandkhoshbacht Nasreen , Callan Kim , Candilio Francesca , Cheronet Olivia , Curtis Elizabeth , Fernandes Daniel , Lari Martina , Lawson Ann Marie , Mah Matthew , Mallick Swapan , Mandl Kirsten , Micco Adam , Modi Alessandra , Oppenheimer Jonas , Özdogan Kadir Toykan , Rohland Nadin , Stewardson Kristin , Vai Stefania , Vergata Chiara , Workman J. Noah , Zalzala Fatma , Zaro Valentina , Achilli Alessandro , Anagnostopoulos Achilles , Capelli Cristian , Constantinou Varnavas , Lancioni Hovirag , Olivieri Anna , Papadopoulou Anastasia , Psatha Nikoleta , Semino Ornella , Stamatoyannopoulos John , Valliannou Ioanna , Yannaki Evangelia , Lazaridis Iosif , Patterson Nick , Ringbauer Harald , Caramelli David , Pinhasi Ron , Reich David
Published: October 2022

Trade and colonization caused an unprecedented increase in Mediterranean human mobility in the first millennium BCE. Often seen as a dividing force, warfare is in fact another catalyst of culture contact. We provide insight into the demographic dynamics of ancient warfare by reporting genome-wide data from fifth-century soldiers who fought for the army of the Greek Sicilian colony of Himera, along with representatives of the civilian population, nearby indigenous settlements, and 96 present-day individuals from Italy and Greece. Unlike the rest of the sample, many soldiers had ancestral origins in northern Europe, the Steppe, and the Caucasus. Integrating genetic, archaeological, isotopic, and historical data, these results illustrate the significant role mercenaries played in ancient Greek armies and highlight how participation in war contributed to continental-scale human mobility in the Classical world.
A nutrient relay sustains subtropical ocean productivity
Authors: Gupta Mukund , Williams Richard G. , Lauderdale Jonathan M. , Jahn Oliver , Hill Christopher , Dutkiewicz Stephanie , Follows Michael J.
Published: October 2022

The expansive gyres of the subtropical ocean account for a significant fraction of global organic carbon export from the upper ocean. In the gyre interior, vertical mixing and the heaving of nutrient-rich waters into the euphotic layer sustain local productivity, in turn depleting the layers below. However, the nutrient pathways by which these subeuphotic layers are themselves replenished remain unclear. Using a global, eddy-permitting simulation of ocean physics and biogeochemistry, we quantify nutrient resupply mechanisms along and across density surfaces, including the contribution of eddy-scale motions that are challenging to observe. We find that mesoscale eddies (10 to 100 km) flux nutrients from the shallow flanks of the gyre into the recirculating interior, through time-varying motions along density surfaces. The subeuphotic layers are ultimately replenished in approximately equal contributions by this mesoscale eddy transport and the remineralization of sinking particles. The mesoscale eddy resupply is most important in the lower thermocline for the whole subtropical region but is dominant at all depths within the gyre interior. Subtropical gyre productivity may therefore be sustained by a nutrient relay, where the lateral transport resupplies nutrients to the thermocline and allows vertical exchanges to maintain surface biological production and carbon export.
Shipping regulations lead to large reduction in cloud perturbations
Authors: Watson-Parris Duncan , Christensen Matthew W. , Laurenson Angus , Clewley Daniel , Gryspeerdt Edward , Stier Philip
Published: October 2022

Global shipping accounts for 13% of global emissions of SO
2
, which, once oxidized to sulfate aerosol, acts to cool the planet both directly by scattering sunlight and indirectly by increasing the albedo of clouds. This cooling due to sulfate aerosol offsets some of the warming effect of greenhouse gasses and is the largest uncertainty in determining the change in the Earth’s radiative balance by human activity. Ship tracks—the visible manifestation of the indirect of effect of ship emissions on clouds as quasi-linear features—have long provided an opportunity to quantify these effects. However, they have been arduous to catalog and typically studied only in particular regions for short periods of time. Using a machine-learning algorithm to automate their detection we catalog more than 1 million ship tracks to provide a global climatology. We use this to investigate the effect of stringent fuel regulations introduced by the International Maritime Organization in 2020 on their global prevalence since then, while accounting for the disruption in global commerce caused by COVID-19. We find a marked, but clearly nonlinear, decline in ship tracks globally: An 80% reduction in SO

x

emissions causes only a 25% reduction in the number of tracks detected.
Elongation factor P modulates
Acinetobacter baumannii
physiology and virulence as a cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate effector
Authors: Guo Quan , Cui Binbin , Wang Mingfang , Li Xia , Tan Huihui , Song Shihao , Zhou Jianuan , Zhang Lian-Hui , Deng Yinyue
Published: October 2022

Cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) is widely used by bacteria to control biological functions in response to diverse signals or cues. A previous study showed that potential c-di-GMP metabolic enzymes play a role in the regulation of biofilm formation and motility in
Acinetobacter baumannii
. However, it was unclear whether and how
A. baumannii
cells use c-di-GMP signaling to modulate biological functions. Here, we report that c-di-GMP is an important intracellular signal in the modulation of biofilm formation, motility, and virulence in
A. baumannii
. The intracellular level of c-di-GMP is principally controlled by the diguanylate cyclases (DGCs) A1S_1695, A1S_2506, and A1S_3296 and the phosphodiesterase (PDE) A1S_1254. Intriguingly, we revealed that A1S_2419 (an elongation factor P [EF-P]), is a novel c-di-GMP effector in
A. baumannii
. Response to a c-di-GMP signal boosted A1S_2419 activity to rescue ribosomes from stalling during synthesis of proteins containing consecutive prolines and thus regulate
A. baumannii
physiology and pathogenesis. Our study presents a unique and widely conserved effector that controls bacterial physiology and virulence by sensing the second messenger c-di-GMP.
Plugging urban ecology science into design practice: a research perspective
Authors: Chen Chundi
Published: October 2022

There is a broad consensus that urban ecology science needs to be more effective in informing and supporting urban planning and design. How to bridge the two disciplines is still a grand challenge because scientific research often cannot find its way into practice. Underlying reasons have often been explored around governance, policies and institutional aspects. From a scientific research perspective, this paper briefly outlines the divergence between the two disciplines and seeks potential intersections of them. Overall, starting from the practical needs, this paper argues that there are many “plug-in” opportunities that should be explored in the whole research chain to accommodate successful co-development of research in practice, such as sharing similar research interests, jointly identifying research questions and objectives, adopting suitable research methods, well-designed research experiments and parameters (e.g., matched scales, resolution levels, metrics and indicators), co-collection of site-specific data. Furthermore, this exploration can be enhanced, particularly at a local scale, where urban dwellers’ perceptions, interests and the consequent influences on decision-making and actions can be well incorporated.
Comparative assessment outcome of the cognitive and developmental traits in adults with listening difficulties
Authors: Iwasaki Junya , Sasaki Kaori , Yasuda Yuka , Obuchi Chie
Published: October 2022

Objective

This study was designed to determine the cognitive ability and developmental disorder traits in adults with listening difficulties (LiD) who show difficulties in comprehending verbal information in noisy environments despite having normal hearing.

Methods

Thirty adults who complained of LiD during their activities of daily living volunteered to participate. We conducted memory and attention assessments using auditory and visual tasks. Moreover, we evaluated the developmental characteristics of the participants psychologically using questionnaires for autism-spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Results

The results of the auditory and verbal tasks were lower than that of visual tasks and that some participants showed lower scores on cognitive tests. Approximately 26.7% of the participants had ASD, whereas 16.7% had ADHD, and it showed a higher proportion of ASD or ADHD in participants with LiD. The outcomes of the cognitive and developmental assessment scores were not significantly correlated with the participants’ personal factors.

Conclusion

These findings imply that adults with LiD may also have cognitive problems and some of them showed developmental traits. It is needed to consider the cognitive and developmental characteristics of adults with LiD during evaluation in practice through hearing and listening tests along with cognitive assessments.
The victims strike back: Globalisation and right-wing populist attitudes in the EU. Evidence from the 2008 European Values Study
Authors: Van Rossem Ronan , Roose Henk
Published: October 2022

Right-wing populist (RWP) parties and attitudes are flourishing in many European countries. This is often linked to the emergence of a new cleavage that juxtaposes the victims and beneficiaries of globalisation. Using data from the 2008 European Values Study (EVS) this paper investigates how globalisation affects both (1) the overall level of RWP attitudes in 27 EU countries, and (2) the attitudinal gap between victims and beneficiaries of globalisation. The results show (1) a clear and consistent effect of social position on RWP attitudes in all countries, (2) effect of globalisation on both overall levels of RWP attitudes, as well as (3) on the attitudinal gap between victims and beneficiaries. However, the determinants of the overall level and of the gap differ, and this explains the observed regional differences in Europe regarding the distribution of RWP attitudes.
Exceptional spectrum and dynamic magnetization
Authors: Shi Y B , Zhang K L , Song Z
Published: October 2022

A macroscopic effect can be induced by a local non-Hermitian term in a many-body system, when it manifests simultaneously level coalescence of a full real degeneracy spectrum, leading to exceptional spectrum. In this paper, we propose a family of systems that support such an intriguing property. It is generally consisted of two arbitrary identical Hermitian sub-lattices in association with unidirectional couplings between them. We show exactly that all single-particle eigenstates coalesce in pairs even only single unidirectional coupling appears. It means that all possible initial states obey the exceptional dynamics, resulting in some macroscopic phenomena, which never appears in a Hermitian system. As an application, we study the dynamic magnetization induced by complex fields in an itinerant electron system. It shows that an initial saturated ferromagnetic state at half-filling can be driven into its opposite state according to the dynamics of high-order exceptional point. Any Hermitian quench term cannot realize a steady opposite saturated ferromagnetic state. Numerical simulations for the dynamical processes of magnetization are performed for several representative situations, including lattice dimensions, global random and local impurity distributions. It shows that the dynamic magnetization processes exhibit universal behavior.
Type-II quantum spin Hall effect in two-dimensional metals
Authors: Zhao Aiying , Gu Qiang , Haugan Timothy J , Bullard Thomas J , Klemm Richard A
Published: October 2022

The quantum spin Hall (QSH) effect has been observed in topological insulators and long quantum wells using spin–orbit coupling as the probe, but it has not yet been observed in a metal. An experiment is proposed to measure the different Type-II QSH effect of an electron or hole in a two-dimensional (2D) metal by using the previously unexplored but relativistically gauge-invariant form of the generated 2D QSH Hamiltonian. Instead of using the electric field in the surface of the spin-polarized bands of a topological insulator or across the quantum well width as the probe, ones uses an applied azimuthal vector potential and an applied radial electric field as the tools to generate a spontaneously quantized spin current in an otherwise spin unpolarized 2D metal. A long cylindrical solenoid lies normally through the inner radius of a 2D metallic Corbino disk. The currentISsurrounding the solenoid produces an azimuthal magnetic vector potential but no magnetic field in the disk. In addition, a radial electric field is generated across the disk by imposing either a potential differenceΔvor a radial charge currentIacross its inner and outer radii. Combined changes inISand in eitherΔvorIgenerate spontaneously quantized azimuthal charge and spin currents. The experiment is designed to measure these quantized azimuthal charge and spin currents in the disk consistently. The quantum Hamiltonians for both experiments are solved exactly. A method to control the Joule heating is presented, which could potentially allow the Type-II QSH measurements to be made at room temperature.
Electronic and transport properties of semimetal ZrBeSi crystal: a first-principles study
Authors: Li Yu-Huan , Zhang Tian , Zeng Zhao-Yi , Chen Xiang-Rong , Geng Hua-Yun
Published: October 2022

In recent years, semimetals have aroused people’s research interest. Here, we systematically study phonon and electronic transport properties of the ZrBeSi with semimetal character by using the first-principles calculations together with the Boltzmann transport theory. Calculated lattice thermal conductivities of the ZrBeSi along a and c axes are 31.3 W (m · K)−1 and 56.0 W (m · K)−1 at room temperature, respectively, which are larger than the most semiconductors and semimetals. By comparing with other semimetals, we find that the larger lattice thermal conductivity of ZrBeSi is due to its smaller Grüneisen parameter, which indicates the weaker phonon scattering. Main contributions to the lattice thermal conductivities along a and c axis come from the acoustic branches, and conversely, the contributions of optical branches are very small. In addition, we calculate the Seebeck coefficient and the electron thermal conductivity of ZrBeSi based on the relaxation time approximation. The electronic transport properties of ZrBeSi exhibit strong anisotropy in both a and b directions. Calculated electronic thermal conductivities of pristine ZrBeSi along a and c axes are 8.8 W (m · K)−1 and 9.7 W (m · K)−1 at room temperature, respectively. Furthermore, we also obtain the figure of merit

Z
T

on the basis of phonon and electron transport. The obtained

Z
T

along c axis reaches a maximum of 0.11 at 900 K, demonstrating that ZrBeSi has a general

Z
T

, but it has good heat conduction ability. Our research will help to understand the transport properties of semimetals and expand the application of semimetals to heat conduction devices. At the same time, it also provides some reference for the future experimental work.