bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Varied opinions on thrombolysis for venous thromboembolism in infants and children: Findings from a survey of pediatric hematology–oncology specialists
Authors: Yee Donald L. , Chan Anthony K.C. , Williams Suzan , Goldenberg Neil A. , Massicotte M. Patricia , Raffini Leslie J.
Published: July 2009

Background

Recent guidelines discourage routine use of thrombolytic agents for treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in pediatric patients, but actual practice patterns are unknown.

Procedure

An electronic survey was emailed to all active and trainee members of the American Society of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology in April 2008. Respondents were asked a series of multiple‐choice questions based on hypothetical case scenarios describing pediatric VTE, pertinent to the implementation of thrombolytic therapy and other professional demographic information.

Results

Two hundred eighty‐five evaluable responses were obtained (22% response rate) which varied greatly with respect to all spheres of questioning. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) was the thrombolytic agent chosen by most respondents, but no clear consensus emerged as to appropriate indications (although preference for thrombolytic therapy increased with severity of the posed clinical scenario), mode of tPA delivery (systemic vs. catheter‐directed), dose (high‐dose vs. low‐dose regimen) or a suitable maximum duration of therapy (range: 1–168 hr; varied according to specific dosing regimen chosen). Expertise in pediatric thrombosis, years out from fellowship training and volume of experience with cases of pediatric thrombosis were not largely associated with respondent choices; however, institutional experience with pharmacologic thrombolysis exhibited the most notable association of the professional demographic factors analyzed.

Conclusions

The survey results support that clinical practice pertaining to use of thrombolytic agents in pediatric VTE varies widely but also provide useful benchmarks to aid clinical decision‐making and future clinical trial design. Such varied practices stem from the lack of strong evidence supporting one therapeutic approach versus another. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:960–966. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
NMR and UPLC‐qTOF‐MS/MS characterisation of novel phenylethanol derivatives of phenylpropanoid glucosides from the leaves of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa cv. Jonsok)
Authors: Hanhineva Kati , Soininen Pasi , Anttonen Mikko J. , Kokko Harri , Rogachev Ilana , Aharoni Asaph , Laatikainen Reino , Kärenlampi Sirpa
Published: July 2009

Introduction

Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is rich in polyphenols, particularly anthocyanins, flavonols, condensed tannins and ellagic tannins. In addition to the fruits, the leaves of strawberry also contain a wide range of phenolic compound classes, but have not been investigated to the same extent as the fruit.

Objective

To characterise a metabolite group present in the leaves of strawberry, that was not amenable for identification based on earlier information available in the literature.

Methodology

Methanolic extracts of strawberry leaves were analysed by UPLC‐qTOF‐MS/MS and iterative quantum mechanical NMR spectral analysis.

Results

The structures of phenylethanol derivatives of phenylpropanoid glucosides Eutigoside A (
F4) and its two isomeric forms 2‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)ethyl‐[6‐O‐(Z)‐coumaroyl]‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside (
F6) and 4‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)phenyl‐[6‐O‐(e)‐coumaroyl]‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside (
F1) were resolved by NMR and UPLC‐qTOF‐MS/MS. In addition, two other derivatives of phenylpropanoid glucosides similar to Eutigoside A but possessing different phenolic acid moieties, namely Grayanoside A (
F5) and 2‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)ethyl‐[6‐O‐(e)‐caffeoyl]‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside (
F14), were similarly identified. Also, accurate characteristic coupling constants for the subunits are reported and their usefulness in structural analysis is highlighted.

Conclusion

Chemical analysis of the leaves of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa cv. Jonsok) resulted in the identification of a compound class, phenylethanol derivatives of phenylpropanoid glycosides, not previously found in strawberry. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment options for type 2 diabetes:introducing the incretin‐based therapies
Authors: Barnett AH
Published: July 2009

In type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), glycaemic control is often difficult to maintain and current treatments can produce adverse effects. The incretin‐based therapies—dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) agonists—improve glycaemic control when added to conventional therapies and are well tolerated, with a low incidence of hypoglycaemia. In addition, the GLP‐1 agonists reduce body weight and systolic blood pressure and improve surrogates of β‐cell function. Incretin‐based therapies may be appropriate for selected patients with T2DM when first‐line therapy does not maintain glycaemic control, particularly where weight gain or hypoglycaemia are a concern. Copyright ©2009 John Wiley & Sons.
ABCD position statement on incretin mimetics and DPP‐4 inhibitors ‐2009
Authors: Edwards CMB , Winocour PH
Published: July 2009

The Association of British Clinical Diabetologists (ABCD) currently recommends a limited place for exenatide and the gliptins in obese type 2 diabetes. Exenatide requires careful patient selection and continued specialist support, particularly to avoid initiation in individuals at risk of pancreatitis or for those who are already on insulin therapy. Hypoglycaemic and weight reduction efficacy may vary depending on baseline levels of HbA1c and body mass index. Continuation of therapy beyond six months should be determined by changes in weight and/or HbA1c. Gliptins should be reserved for less obese, less hyperglycaemic cases than those considered for exenatide, assuming normal hepatorenal function, and where sulphonylureas and glitazones are inappropriate. Gliptin therapy should only continue beyond six months if HbA1c levels fall by at least 0.5%. Copyright ©2009 John Wiley & Sons.
Quality of diabetes care in India, China, Brazil, Mexico and Russia
Authors: Strock ES , Mazze RS
Published: July 2009

Employing US national standards, baseline data for type 2 diabetes were collected in India, China, Brazil, Mexico and Russia prior to Staged Diabetes Management implementation.

In all, 5507 patients (India 2778, China 489, Brazil 1106, Mexico 925, and Russia 209) were evaluated. No site sample met the US standard for HbA1c or blood pressure. China, India and Mexico achieved criteria for LDL ≥ 130 mg/dL. Post‐programme data from Russian sites showed significant improvement in HbA1c (p < 0.00001). In Brazil a trend toward improvement in blood pressure and blood glucose was also noted.

Assessing current diabetes care employing US national criteria can serve as a benchmark for interventions to improve diabetes care. Collecting follow‐up data measures programme impact and identifies areas requiring further intervention. Copyright ©2009 John Wiley & Sons.
Free‐energy function based on an all‐atom model for proteins
Authors: Yoshidome Takashi , Oda Koji , Harano Yuichi , Roth Roland , Sugita Yuji , Ikeguchi Mitsunori , Kinoshita Masahiro
Published: July 2009

We have developed a free‐energy function based on an all‐atom model for proteins. It comprises two components, the hydration entropy (HE) and the total dehydration penalty (TDP). Upon a transition to a more compact structure, the number of accessible configurations arising from the translational displacement of water molecules in the system increases, leading to a water‐entropy gain. To fully account for this effect, the HE is calculated using a statistical‐mechanical theory applied to a molecular model for water. The TDP corresponds to the sum of the hydration energy and the protein intramolecular energy when a fully extended structure, which possesses the maximum number of hydrogen bonds with water molecules and no intramolecular hydrogen bonds, is chosen as the standard one. When a donor and an acceptor (e.g., N and O, respectively) are buried in the interior after the break of hydrogen bonds with water molecules, if they form an intramolecular hydrogen bond, no penalty is imposed. When a donor or an acceptor is buried with no intramolecular hydrogen bond formed, an energetic penalty is imposed. We examine all the donors and acceptors for backbone‐backbone, backbone‐side chain, and side chain‐side chain intramolecular hydrogen bonds and calculate the TDP. Our free‐energy function has been tested for three different decoy sets. It is better than any other physics‐based or knowledge‐based potential function in terms of the accuracy in discriminating the native fold from misfolded decoys and the achievement of high Z‐scores. Proteins 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chemical and antioxidant evaluation of Indian gooseberry (emblica officinalis gaertn., syn. phyllanthus emblica L.) supplements
Authors: Poltanov Eugeny A. , Shikov Alexander N. , Dorman H. J. Damien , Pozharitskaya Olga N. , Makarov Valery G. , Tikhonov Vladimir P. , Hiltunen Raimo
Published: July 2009

Indian gooseberry (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) (Euphorbiaceae) has a distinguished history in Ayurveda medicine and is ascribed a number of medicinal properties and as a dietary supplement, its use is increasing in Western countries. It is thought that its beneficial properties are a function of its antioxidant potency. The study investigated the chemistry and antioxidant properties of four commercial E. officinalis fruit extracts in order to determine if there are any qualitative–quantitative differences. All extracts produced positive responses in the total phenol, total flavonoid and total tannin assays. The presence of predominantly (poly)phenolic analytes, e.g. ellagic and gallic acids and corilagin, was confirmed by RP‐HPLC coupled with photodiode array detection. Despite ascorbic acid being a major constituent of E. officinalis fruits, the furanolactone could not be identified in one of the samples. The extracts demonstrated varying degrees of antioxidative efficacy. The extract designated IG‐3 was consistently amongst the most effective extracts in the iron(III) reduction and 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl and superoxide anion radical scavenging assays while the extract designated IG‐1 demonstrated the best hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. All extracts appeared to be incapable of chelating iron(II) at realistic concentrations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of grape seed extract and its ethylacetate/ethanol fraction on blood glucose levels in a model of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Hwang In Koo , Kim Dae Won , Park Jun Hong , Lim Soon Sung , Yoo Ki‐Yeon , Kwon Dae Young , Kim Dong‐Woo , Moon Won‐Kook , Won Moo‐Ho
Published: July 2009

The present study observed the effects of grape seed extract (GSE) and its ethylacetate (E) and ethylacetate/ethanol (EE) fractions on blood glucose levels in C57BL/KsJ‐leprdb/leprdb (db/db) mice at 4–12 weeks of age. In the GSE‐ and EE fraction‐treated db/db group, the blood glucose concentration began to be lower than that in the vehicle‐treated db/db group at 6 weeks after treatment, while the blood glucose concentration in the E fraction‐treated db/db group was similar to that in the vehicle‐treated db/db group. The glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level in the vehicle‐treated db/db groups was 9.3%, whereas HbA1c levels in the GSE‐ and EE fraction‐treated db/db group decreased significantly to 5.7% and 6.1%, respectively, at 8 weeks after treatment. However, administration of GSE and its EE fraction did not show any significant effects on body weights and food consumption in db/db mice. These results suggest that GSE and its EE fraction have a potential to decrease the blood glucose and HbA1c level, which is applicable to good healthy foods for reducing blood glucose levels. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Volatile composition of Brassica oleracea L. var. costata DC leaves using solid‐phase microextraction and gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry
Authors: de Pinho Paula Guedes , Valentão Patrícia , Gonçalves Rui F. , Sousa Carla , Andrade Paula B.
Published: July 2009

Volatile and semi‐volatile components of internal and external leaves of Brassica oleracea L. var. costata DC, grown under different fertilization regimens, were determined by headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) combined with gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry (GC/ITMS). Forty‐one volatiles and non‐volatile components were formally identified and thirty others were tentatively identified. Qualitative and quantitative differences were noticed between internal and external leaves. In general, internal leaves exhibited more aldehydes and sulfur volatile compounds than external ones, and less ketone, terpenes and norisoprenoid compounds. The fertilization regimens influenced considerably the volatile profile. Fertilizations with higher levels of sulfur produced Brassica leaves with more sulfur volatiles. In opposition, N and S fertilization led to leaves with lower levels of norisoprenoids and terpenes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seasonal variation in the phytoplankton of a saline lowland river (Buenos Aires, Argentina) throughout an intensive sampling period
Authors: Bazzuri María Elisa , Gabellone Néstor , Solari Lía
Published: July 2009

The aim of this survey was to analyse seasonal variations in phytoplankton composition and abundance with respect to temperature and conductivity values at two sampling sites in the Salado River's lower basin: El Destino and Guerrero. Samples were taken twice a week from 9 March 2004 to 20 July 2004. A total of 145 and 143 species were identified for these two sites, respectively. Infrequent species were discarded to avoid statistical misinterpretations. Autocorrelation analyses (Ljung‐Box Q‐statistic) were performed in order to establish seasonal patterns for species abundance. Similar significant (p < 0.05) autocorrelation patterns were observed for phytoplankton species composition, temperature and conductivity, thus, illustrating correlations with seasonal behaviour. On the basis of these data, species were grouped as (1) late‐summer: with 34 species well represented in warm waters (>22°C) (e.g. Planctonema lauterbornii and Chroococcus spp.); (2) winter: with 10 species that reached their highest densities in cold waters (<12°C) (e.g. Binuclearia eriensis and Microcystis firma); (3) transitional: of only four species with abundance peaks during intermediate conditions (15.5°C average) such as Closteriopsis acicularis and Nodularia spumigena and (4) independent: with 22 species of random behaviour whose autocorrelations remain within confidence limits. These four classifications pertain to species with similar presence at both sampling sites; the rest of the species evinced slightly different patterns. An apparent season‐associated succession of species was detected with those adapted to the warm, stagnant water of the late summer being replaced by others acclimated to the cold water of the winter. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collaborative attacks in WiMAX networks
Authors: Bhargava Bharat , Zhang Yu , Idika Nwokedi , Lilien Leszek , Azarmi Mehdi
Published: July 2009

In this paper, we discuss security problems, with a focus on collaborative attacks, in the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) scenario. The WiMAX protocol suite, which includes but is not limited to DOCSIS, DES, and AES, consists of a large number of protocols. We present briefly the WiMAX standard and its vulnerabilities. We pinpoint the problems with individual protocols in the WiMAX protocol suite, and discuss collaborative attacks on WiMAX systems. We present several typical WiMAX attack scenarios, including: bringing a large number of attackers to increase their computation power and break WiMAX protocols; assembling a sufficient number of attackers to influence the decision‐making of core machines, which includes routing attacks and Sybil attacks; and exploiting implementations that do not conform to the WiMAX specification completely, causing interoperability problems among various protocols, including the ones in typical WiMAX/WiFi/LAN deployment scenarios. We present theoretical models and practical solutions to profile, model, and analyze collaborative attacks in WiMAX. We employ attack graphs to do vulnerability analysis. Experimental results verify our models and validate our analysis. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role overload and underload in relation to occupational stress and health
Authors: Shultz Kenneth S. , Wang Mo , Olson Deborah A.
Published: July 2009

Most research on work stress has focused on the concept of role overload, or too many job demands, as opposed to role underload, or too few job demands. Therefore, the present study was carried out to determine if different levels of job demands may be differentially associated with job‐related stress as well as with various health outcomes. Specifically, in the present study, we used data from the Eurobarometer Survey on Working Conditions (n = 16,000) to investigate whether role overload and underload resulted in different negative health outcomes. We also examined to see whether different job characteristics, such as having control of your work schedule, differentially buffered the effects of role demands on work stress for workers experiencing role overload, role underload, or neither (i.e. matched). Results indicated that respondents reporting role overload had the highest level of all 16 negative health outcomes, with the role underload group being the next highest and the matched group being the lowest. In addition, a series of hierarchical logistic regression analyses showed that the control variable of time buffered stress for the role matched and role underload groups, while both time and autonomy buffered stress for the role overload group. The implications of the results for both theory and practice are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Traumatic events, perceived stress and health in women with fibromyalgia and healthy controls
Authors: Smith Bruce W. , Papp Zsuzsanna Z. , Tooley Erin M. , Montague Erica Q. , Robinson Amanda E. , Cosper Cynthia J.
Published: July 2009

This study examined the relationship between trauma, stress and health in 41 women with fibromyalgia (FM) and 44 women who were healthy controls (HC). The participants were assessed for traumatic events, perceived stress and mental and physical health. Perceived stress was related to worse mental and physical health in both groups. Traumatic events were related to worse mental and physical health in the FM group but were unrelated to health in the HC group. Perceived stress partially mediated the effect of traumatic events on mental and physical health in the FM group. Finally, adult abuse partially mediated the effects of child abuse on adult stress and health. Trauma may have lasting effects on stress and health in women with FM. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automatic string test data generation for detecting domain errors
Authors: Zhao Ruilian , Lyu Michael R. , Min Yinghua
Published: July 2009

Domain testing is designed to detect domain errors that result from a small boundary shift in a path domain. Although many researchers have studied domain testing, automatic domain test data generation for string predicates has seldom been explored. This paper presents a novel approach for the automatic generation ofON–OFFtest points for string predicate borders, and describes a corresponding test data generator. Our empirical work is conducted on a set of programs with string predicates, where extensive trials have been done for each string predicate, and the results are analysed using the SPSS tool. Conclusions are drawn that: (i) the approach is promising and effective; (ii) there is a strong linear relationship between the performance of the test generator and the length of target string in the predicate tested; and (iii) initial inputs, no shorter than the target string and with characters generated randomly, may enhance the performance in the test data generation for string predicates. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal fault‐tolerant broadcasting in wireless mesh networks
Authors: Xin Qin , Zhang Yan , Yang Laurence T.
Published: July 2009

Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) is an emerging communication paradigm to enable resilient, cost‐efficient and reliable services for the future‐generation wireless networks. In this paper, we study the broadcasting (one‐to‐all communication) in WMNs with known topology, i.e. where for each primitive the schedule of transmissions is pre‐computed based on full knowledge about the size and the topology of the network. We show that broadcasting can complete in D + O(logn) time units in the WMN with sizenand diameterD. Moreover, we also propose an optimal O(D)‐time deterministic energy efficient broadcasting scheduling, under which each node in the WMN is only allowed to transmit at most once. Furthermore, we explore the fault‐tolerant broadcasting in the WMN. We show an O(n)‐time deterministic broadcasting schedule with large number of link failures. This is an optimal schedule in the sense that there exists a network topology in which the broadcasting cannot complete in less than Ω(n) units of time. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of antenna array on the uplink orthogonal multicarrier DS‐CDMA system with imperfect power control
Authors: Kim Yong‐Seok , Hwang Seung‐Hoon
Published: July 2009

In this paper we analyze the effects of antenna array (AA) and imperfect power control on the performance of the uplink synchronous and/or asynchronous orthogonal multicarrier (MC) direct sequence‐code division multiple access (DS‐CDMA) system in multipath Rayleigh fading channels. Bit error rate (BER) performance is evaluated in terms of the number of antennas, the number of total subcarriers, power control error (PCE), and the number of users. Our numerical results show that the available user capacity of synchronous uplink is more than 1.5 times higher than that of asynchronous uplink, even though PCE increases. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Secure timing synchronization for heterogeneous sensor network using pairing over elliptic curve
Authors: Mizanur Rahman Sk. Md. , Nasser Nidal , Taleb Tarik
Published: July 2009

Secure time synchronization is one of the key concerns for some sophisticated sensor network applications. Most existing time synchronization protocols are affected by almost all attacks. In this paper, we consider heterogeneous sensor networks (HSNs) as a model for our proposed novel time synchronization protocol based on pairing and identity‐based cryptography (IBC). This is the first approach for time synchronization protocol using pairing‐based cryptography (PBC) in HSNs. The proposed protocol reduces the communication overhead of the nodes as well as prevents from all the major security attacks. Security analysis shows, it robust against reply attacks, masquerade attacks, delay attacks, and message manipulation attacks. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic spectrum assignment in multicell OFDMA networks enabling a secondary spectrum usage
Authors: Bernardo Francisco , Agustí Ramón , Pérez‐Romero Jordi , Sallent Oriol
Published: July 2009

The aim of this paper is to propose a set of novel Dynamic Spectrum Assignment (DSA) algorithms for multicell Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) scenarios. Thanks to the proposed algorithms, licensed spectrum holders can release spectrum bands in large geographical areas to be leased to other secondary markets in a cognitive radio environment, while preserving the quality of service (QoS) of the licensed users in the system. Results are obtained comparing the proposed schemes against other conventional frequency reuse strategies, revealing significant improvements in terms of both spectral efficiency and opportunities for secondary usage. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cognitive wireless personal area network for monitoring and control
Authors: Mišić Jelena , Mišić Vojislav B.
Published: July 2009

In this paper, we propose and evaluate a cognitive personal area network (CPAN) suitable for wireless monitoring and control outside the Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band. Network is based on frequency hopping but the channels are selected on the basis of spectrum sensing performed by the nodes. Nodes balance their data collecting activity and spectrum sensing such that the duration of spectrum sensing done by a node is proportional to the number of packets previously transmitted by that node. We show that the operation of a node in this setup can be modeled as a gated exhaustive round‐robin system with vacations, and analyze the performance of the system. The impact of the value of the penalty factor, which determines the duration of sensing activity with respect to transmission, on packet access delay and stability limits of the system is discussed in detail. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐stabilizing flocking of a group of mobile robots with memory corruption
Authors: Xiong Naixue , Yang Y. , Park Jong Hyuk , Vasilakos Athanasios V. , Yan Xuefeng , Pan Yi
Published: July 2009

The rapid development of wireless technology plays extremely important roles in monitoring, control, and collaboration related applications. This paper aims at state‐of‐the‐art self‐stabilizing flocking control of wireless mobile robots with memory corruption.

Flocking of a group of wireless mobile robots has gained a lot of attention due to its wide applications in recent years. While there are few works addressed on fault tolerance issue of flocking, especially for transient failure of robots. However, in the practical applications of robots, for the weak robots, some of their parts, like sensor, moving actuator, or memory etc., are prone to be crashed due to the complex environment. So, it is interesting to explore such kind of component crash or corruption (partly crash), especially for transient failure. The transient failure means the failure is temporary and after a while the robots will not be influenced by outside environment. Specially, in this paper, we mainly focus on how one kind of transient failure—memory corruption affects robot flocking, especially for the existed fault tolerant flocking. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi‐group linear turbo equalization with intercell interference cancellation for MC‐CDMA cellular systems
Authors: Nguyen Huan X. , Choi Jinho , Kim Seong Rag , Nam Junyoung
Published: July 2009

In this paper, we investigate multi‐group linear turbo equalization using single antenna interference cancellation (SAIC) techniques to mitigate the intercell interference for multi‐carrier code division multiple access (MC‐CDMA) cellular systems. It is important for the mobile station to mitigate the intercell interference as the performance of the users close to cell edge is mainly degraded by the intercell interference. The complexity of the proposed iterative detector and receiver is low as the one‐tap minimum mean square error (MMSE) equalizer is employed for mitigating the intracell interference, while a simple group interference canceller is used for suppressing the intercell interference. Simulation results show that the proposed iterative detector and receiver can mitigate the intercell interference effectively through iterations for both uncoded and coded signals. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Circumventing security toolbars and phishing filters via rogue wireless access points
Authors: Abu‐Nimeh Saeed , Nair Suku
Published: July 2009

One of the solutions that has been widely used by naive users to protect against phishing attacks is security toolbars or phishing filters in web browsers. The present study proposes a new attack to bypass security toolbars and phishing filters via local DNS poisoning without the need of an infection vector. A rogue wireless access point (AP) is set up, poisoned DNS cache entries are used to forge the results provided to security toolbars, and thus misleading information is displayed to the victim. Although there are several studies that demonstrate DNS poisoning attacks, none to our best knowledge investigate whether such attacks can circumvent security toolbars or phishing filters. Five well‐known security toolbars and three reputable browser built‐in phishing filters are scrutinized, and none of them detect the attack. So ineptly, security toolbars provide the victim with false confirmative indicators that the phishing site is legitimate. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photo‐Driven Si‐C Bond Cleavage in Hexacoordinate Silicon Complexes
Authors: Wagler Jörg , Roewer Gerhard , Gerlach Daniela
Published: July 2009

Hexacoordinate diorganosilicon complexes of the type (ONNO)SiRR′, with (ONNO) being a di‐anionic salen‐type Schiff base ligand, were shown to undergo Si–C bond cleavage and intramolecular rearrangement (1,3‐shift of R’ to a former imine carbon atom) upon irradiation with UV. The course of this reaction depends on the nature of silicon‐bound substituents: Whereas complexes (ONNO)SiMe2 and (ONNO)SiPh2 give rise to the rearrangement of a methyl and a phenyl group, respectively, complexes of the type (ONNO)Si(aryl)(alkyl) were found to undergo Si–C(alkyl) bond cleavage exclusively.Furthermore, such alkyl groups bearing β‐hydrogen atoms may lead to β‐hydride transfer to the imine carbon atom accompanied by olefin elimination. Irradiation of compounds (ONNO)SiRX, with X being a non‐carbon sacrificial ligand, was shown to give rise to further side reactions: In case of X = F the unexpected formation of (ONNO)SiF2 was observed. In analogy to the photo‐induced rearrangement of (ONNO)SiPh2 the heavier congenor (ONNO)GePh2 exhibits similar behavior, whereas the related tin compound (ONNO)SnPh2 proved inert under these reaction conditions applied.
New Donor‐Functionalized Cp Ligands: Synthesis and Complexation Behaviour of Quinoxalyl and Benzothiadiazolyl Systems
Authors: Schuhen Katrin , Sieb David , Wadepohl Hubert , Enders Markus
Published: July 2009

Sodium cyclopentadienide reacts as nucleophile with 4,7‐dibromo‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole (BTZ) and leads to the new donor‐functionalized ligand CpBTZ. Related quinoxalyl Cp systems have been prepared using Pd‐catalyzed coupling with zincated Cp‐metal complexes. The new ligands comprise two N‐donor atoms; one of them is located in a distal position relative to the metal centre so that it cannotcoordinate in a chelating manner. With CpBTZ ligand derivatives severalmetal complexes have been synthesized. The new chromium(III) complex CpBTZCrCl2 (12) becomes upon activation an active catalyst for the polymerization of ethylene. Relying on DFT calculations and analysis of spin‐density distribution combined with paramagnetic NMR data a chelating coordination of the CpBTZ ligand is feasible in 12.
Crystal‐to‐Crystal Transformation: An HgII Metal–Organic Polymer Constructed with a Triazole Ligand
Authors: Mahmoudi Ghodrat , Morsali Ali
Published: July 2009

A new one‐dimensional double‐chain HgII coordination polymer containing the ligand 3,5‐bis(4‐pyridyl)‐4‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole (bpatrz) and thiocyanate anions, namely, {[Hg2(μ‐bpatrz)(μ‐SCN)2(SCN)2]·MeOH}n (1), has been synthesized and structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Compound 1 displays bright blue luminescence with emission maxima around 370 and 440 nm in solution and the solid state, respectively. Uptake and release of MeOH by 1 were investigated by powder X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, elemental analysis, and IR and NMR spectroscopy.
Anion Tuning of Cu(II)/4,4′‐Bi‐1,2,4‐Triazole Coordination Polymers
Authors: Govor Evgen V. , Lysenko Andrey B. , Rusanov Eduard B. , Chernega Alexander N. , Krautscheid Harald , Domasevitch Konstantin V.
Published: July 2009

Nine CuII coordination compounds based on 4,4′‐bi‐1,2,4‐triazole (btr), [Cu2(N‐btr)2(OAc)4]·4H2O (1), [Cu(N1,N1′‐btr)2(H2O)2][CdBr4(H2O)]·3H2O (2), [Cu(N1,N1′‐btr)2(H2O)2]S2O6·4H2O (3), [Cu(N1,N1′‐btr)2(H2O)2](NO3)2·2H2O (4), [Cu2(N1,N1′‐btr)2(μ3‐btr)2(NO3)2](NO3)2·2H2O (5), [Cu(N1,N1′‐btr)2(DMF)2](NO3)2·2C2H5OH (6), [Cu(N1,N1′‐btr)3](CF3CO2)2 (7), [Cu(N1,N1′‐btr)2(N‐btr)2](CCl3CO2)2·5H2O (8), [Cu3(μ2‐OH)2(μ4‐btr)(μ3‐btr)2(N1,N1′‐btr)(H2O)(CF3CO2)](CF3CO2)3·4H2O (9), were synthesized by reaction of btr with the corresponding CuII salts in aqueous or DMF/ethanol solution and their structures were established with single X‐ray diffraction. The coordination behavior of btr, which changes from simple monodentate, to N1,N1′‐bi‐, tri‐ and tetradentate binding modes, and the influence of the counteranions lead to a structural variety of the coordination compounds, ranging from molecular “Chinese lanterns” of type 1, through 2D square grids (2–4, 6, 8) and 3D octahedral networks (7), to 3D eight‐connected frameworks (5, 9) that based on the dinuclear [Cu2(trz)2]4+ and linear trinuclear [Cu3(μ2‐OH)2(H2O)2]4+ units as nodes.
Bidentate Phosphine Oxides as Ligands to form GaIII Shell Complexes. [Ga(CH2(P(O)Ph)2)3]3+: Synthesis, Structural and Spectroscopic Study
Authors: Grachova E. V. , Linti G. , Protasova I. D. , Tunik S. P.
Published: July 2009

The tri‐cationic shell gallium complex [Ga(CH2(P(O)Ph)2)3]3+ containing three neutral diphosphine oxide ligands has been synthesized and structurally characterized by using X‐ray crystallography, mass spectrometry, and 1H, 13C, 31P, and 71Ga NMR spectroscopy. The ligands form three equivalent six‐membered chelate cycles to give an idealized octahedral environment around the Ga3+ ion. This compound is the first example of a mononuclear homoleptic octahedral structure formed by neutral phosphine oxide ligands in the chemistry of the 13 group elements in the +3 oxidation state.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Vibrational Spectrum of 2,3,5‐Triphenyltetrazolium Hexachloridoniobate(V) and Oxidotetrachloridoniobate(V) Acetonitrile, [TPT][NbCl6] and [TPT][NbOCl4(CH3CN)]
Authors: Gjikaj Mimoza , Xie Tao , Brockner Wolfgang
Published: July 2009

Single crystals of 2,3,5‐triphenyltetrazolium hexachloridoniobate(V) [TPT][NbCl6] (1) and of 2,3,5‐triphenyltetrazolium oxidotetrachloridoniobate(V) [TPT][NbOCl4(CH3CN)] (2) could be obtained and their crystal structures were determined. The structure of 1 is isotypic to that of the recently characterized [TPT][SbCl6] and built up by [TPT]+ and octahedral [NbCl6]– ions. The ionic compound 2 contains [TPT]+ and [NbOCl4(CH3CN)]– ions. The nitrogen atom of the acetonitrile solvate molecule is coordinated to the niobium ion in the trans‐position to the oxido ligand. The Nb–O bond length of 169.6 pm corresponds to a double bond. The [TPT][NbOCl4(CH3CN)] formation obviously proceeds via NbOCl3 with the hydrate [TPT]Cl·H2O. The FT‐Raman and FT‐IR/FIR spectra of both compounds were recorded and interpreted, especially with respect to the inorganic structure parts. The melting temperatures of 1 and 2 are given.
A Comparative Study on the Structural and Chemical Properties of Group 13–15 Element Addition Compounds tBu2PH·EX3 (E = B, Al, Ga, In; X = Cl, Br)
Authors: Dornhaus Franz , Scholz Stefan , Sänger Inge , Bolte Michael , Wagner Matthias , Lerner Hans‐Wolfram
Published: July 2009

The group 13–15 element addition compounds tBu2PH·EX3 (E = B, Al, Ga, In; X = Cl, Br) are accessible from the reaction of tBu2PH with the triel halides EX3 (E = B, Al, Ga, In; X = Cl, Br) at room temperature. The crystal structures of the group 13–15 element addition compounds tBu2PH·BBr3 (monoclinic, P21/c) and tBu2PH·EBr3 (E = B, Al, Ga, In) (monoclinic, P21/n) are described. When the addition compound tBu2PH·BBr3 was treated with one equivalent of LiN(SiMe3)2, the reaction led to the formation of the cyclophosphinoborane (tBu2PBBr2)2. The structure of (tBu2PBBr2)2 (monoclinic, C2/m) displays a four‐membered P2B2 ring whereas the cyclophosphinoalane (Ph2PAlMe2)3 which was obtained from Ph2PH and AlMe3 has a six‐membered P3Al3 ring structure (monoclinic, P21/c). In addition, we report the result of the X‐ray structure analysis of the oxidation product of tBu2PH·BBr3, the phosphane oxide adduct tBu2PHO·GaBr3 (orthorhombic, Pnma) and of the phosphonium salt [tBu2PH2]+[GaBr4]– (monoclinic, P21/n).
Two Tricyclic Polychalcogenides in [Li(12‐crown‐4)2]2[Sb2Se12] and [Li(12‐crown‐4)2]4[Te12]·(12‐crown‐4)2
Authors: Feldmann Claus , Okrut Alexander
Published: July 2009

The novel tricyclic polychalcogenide anions [Sb2Se12]2– and [Te12]4– were obtained by reduction of elemental selenium and tellurium with Li3Sb and subsequent crystallization with the crown ether 12‐crown‐4 in ethylenediamine. According to single‐crystal structure analysis, [Li(12‐crown‐4)2]2[Sb2Se12] consists of two six‐membered (Se5Sb)‐rings that are connected via a central (Sb2Se2)‐ring. [Li(12‐crown‐4)2]4[Te12](12‐crown‐4)2 contains the tricyclic [Te12]4– anion, consisting of two four‐membered tellurium rings and a central Te8‐ring. EDX analysis proves that the latter compound does not contain antimony.
Structure and Magnetism of two Polynuclear Complexes Containing both Macrocyclic and Azido Ligands
Authors: Sun Ya‐Qiu , Gao Dong‐Zhao , Ma Yue , Yang Guang‐Ming , Liao Dai‐Zheng , Yan Shi‐Ping
Published: July 2009

The two complexes of formula [Cu2(CuL)2(μ‐N3)4]·2CH3OH (1) and [Cu2(NiL)2(μ‐N3)4]·2CH3OH (2) (CuL and NiL, H2L = 2,3‐dioxo‐5,6,14,15‐dibenzo‐1,4,8,12‐tetraazacyclo‐pentadeca‐7,13‐dien), were synthesized and structurally determined. The magnetic susceptibility data of 1 and 2 were analyzed. For complex 1, magnetic measurements show alternating ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic exchange couplings J1 = 23.67 cm–1, J2 = –189.11 cm–1, zJ’ = –0.62 cm–1. For complex 2, the doubly bridged asymmetric EO promotes a ferromagnetic interaction between CuII and CuII ions(J = 40.764 cm–1).
Hydrated Alkali Metal and Ammonium Salts of the [P2Se6]4– Anion
Authors: Rothenberger Alexander , Malliakas Christos D. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G.
Published: July 2009

The synthesis and structures of the five new compounds [Na4(P2Se6)(H2O)6], [M4(P2Se6)(H2O)4] (M = K, Rb, Cs) and [(NH4)4(P2Se6)(H2O)2] are reported. The salts were obtained from reactions of metal carbonates with P4Se10 in water and in ambient atmosphere. During the heterogeneous reactions, the selenophosphate salts, CO2 and elemental selenium is formed together with the [P2O6]4– ion and most likely other phosphate/selenophosphate derivatives. The ethane‐like [P2Se6]4– anion was characterized in solution by 31P NMR spectroscopy showing an ABX pattern.
Die Suboxometallate A9MO4 (A = Rb, Cs; M = Al, Ga, In, Fe, Sc)
Authors: Hoch Constantin , Bender Johannes , Wohlfarth Andreas , Simon Arndt
Published: July 2009

Single crystals of the suboxometallates A9MO4 (A = Rb, Cs;M = Al, Ga, Fe, Sc) were prepared by reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of M2O3 with alkali metals and their oxides A2O. They crystallize in the tetragonal Cs9InO4 structure type (space group I4/mcm) and contain ortho‐oxometallate(III) anions in a metallic matrix. Cesium can be partially substituted by rubidium, as shown for phases of arbitrary compositions (RbxCs1–x)Cs8GaO4 (x = 0.57) and (RbxCs1–x)Cs8InO4 (x = 0.87). The substitution leads to statistical occupation of one crystallographic position. The same holds for substitutions of M, as in Cs9(AlxIn1–x)O4 (x = 0.51) and Cs9(ScxIn1–x)O4 (x = 0.68).
The Layered Iron Arsenide Oxides Sr2CrO3FeAs and Ba2ScO3FeAs
Authors: Tegel Marcus , Hummel Franziska , Lackner Sebastian , Schellenberg Inga , Pöttgen Rainer , Johrendt Dirk
Published: July 2009

The iron arsenide oxides Sr2CrO3FeAs and Ba2ScO3FeAs were synthesized by high temperature solid state reactions and their crystal structures determined by the X‐ray powder diffraction. Their structures are tetragonal (P4/nmm; Sr2CrO3FeAs: a = 391.12(1) pm, c = 1579.05(3) pm; Ba2ScO3FeAs: a = 412.66(5) pm, c = 1680.0(2) pm, Z = 2) and isotypic to Sr2GaO3CuS. Iron arsenide layers are sandwiched between perowskite‐like metal oxide layers and separated by ~1600 pm, which is much larger than the ZrCuSiAs‐type ‘1111’ iron arsenide superconductors. The bond lengths and angles within the FeAs layers are adapted to the space requirements of the oxide blocks. Measurements of the magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity and temperature‐dependent crystal structure show no hint for a structural phase transition or magnetic anomaly in both compounds. Sr2CrO3FeAs shows Curie–Weiss paramagnetism above 160 K with an effective magnetic moment of 3.83(3) μB in good agreement with the theoretical value of 3.87 μB for Cr3+ (S = 3/2). Antiferromagnetic ordering was detected below TN ~ 31 K. 57Fe Mössbauer spectra of Sr2CrO3FeAs show one single signal that broadens below the Néel temperature due to a small transferred hyperfine field induced by the magnetic ordering of the chromium atoms. 57Fe‐Mössbauer spectra of Ba2ScO3FeAs show single signals which are only subject to weak quadrupole splitting.
α‐Cd13–xSb10 – The Devil is in the Details
Authors: Ponou Simeon , Lidin Sven
Published: July 2009

A detailed study of the structure of α‐Cd13Sb10 was performed using a high quality single crystal obtained from a cadmium‐rich melt. The study clearly shows that this sample is cadmium‐deficient, and should more properly be labelled α‐Cd13–xSb10, but whether this is true in general for this phase, or if it is an effect of the precise conditions of synthesis remains unclear. Like for the similar zinc based compound, small differences in the cadmium (zinc) content may be crucial in determining the electronic transport properties of the material.
Synthesis, Crystal and Electronic Structure of a Samarium Carbochromate(III), Sm2[Cr2C3]
Authors: Davaasuren Bambar , Dashjav Enkhtsetseg , Kerkau Alexander , Kreiner Guido , Schnelle Walter , Wagner Frank R. , Kniep Rüdiger
Published: July 2009

Carbochromates RE2[Cr2C3] (RE = Y, Gd – Lu) form an isotypic series crystallizing with the Ho2[Cr2C3] structure type. Here, we report on a new member of this series: Sm2[Cr2C3] (C2/m, a = 1054.4(1) pm, b = 346.8(1) pm, c = 568.9(1) pm, β = 105.57(1)°, V = 200.4(1) ·106 nm3, Z = 2). The samarium compound was prepared by high temperature reaction of a mixture of the elements in nominal molar amounts. Rietveld refinements of the X‐ray powder diffraction data converged to residuals of Rp = 0.007 and Rwp = 0.010. In the crystal structure, chromium is tetrahedrally coordinated by four carbon ligands forming polyanionic layers ∞2[(Cr2C3)6–], alternating with layers of Sm3+ ions along [100]. Sm2[Cr2C3] was further characterized by metallographic analysis, WDXS and magnetic susceptibility data. Chemical bonding analyses using the COHP method on the basis of LMTO‐ASA calculations justify Sm2[Cr2C3] to be best described as a carbochromate(III). The stability of the Ho2[Cr2C3] structure type for Sm2[Cr2C3] in comparison with the closely related Er2[Mo2C3] and Pr2[Mo2C3] structure type structure is confirmed by total energy calculations using the PAW method.
Apparently Regular Octahedral Coordination of Ag(II) in IF6[Ag(SbF6)3]
Authors: Mazej Zoran , Goreshnik Evgeny , Arčon Iztok , Zabukovec Logar Nataša , Kaučič Venčeslav
Published: July 2009

The crystal structure of IF6[Ag(SbF6)3] has been determined by X‐ray single crystal and X‐ray powder diffraction analysis. The structure consists from [Ag(SbF6)3]– chains and [IF6]+ cations placed between them. Ag2+ is found in regular octahedral coordination of six fluorine atoms [Ag–F = 6 × 2.170(12) Å]. EXAFS analysis of Jahn–Teller distortions in IF6[Ag(SbF6)3] shows that Ag2+ surrounding is elongated octahedral at room temperature. EXAFS signals are fitted with four short and two long Ag–F distances [4 × 2.11(1) Å; 2 × 2.40(2) Å]. This result is in apparent contradiction with X‐ray diffraction studies where the [AgF6] moiety appears to be a regular octahedra. The Raman spectrum of IF6[Ag(SbF6)3] is in agreement with the presence of regular IF6 and deformed SbF6 groups.
Surgery for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Located in the Caudate Lobe
Authors: Sakoda Masahiko , Ueno Shinichi , Kubo Fumitake , Hiwatashi Kiyokazu , Tateno Taro , Kurahara Hiroshi , Mataki Yuukou , Shinchi Hiroyuki , Natsugoe Shoji
Published: July 2009

Background

Surgery remains difficult for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) originating in the caudate lobe. Our objective was to evaluate the safety and problems associated with caudate lobectomy combined with other types of hepatectomy.

Methods

We performed caudate resection for HCC in 12 patients. Clinical and operative characteristics and survival were analyzed.

Results

Tumors were located in the Spiegel lobe in three patients, the caudate process in six, and the paracaval portion in three. The procedure performed most was isolated partial caudate lobe resection (six patients). Three patients underwent partial caudate lobe resection combined with other hepatectomy, and the remainder underwent total caudate lobe resection combined with other hepatectomy. Tumors of the patients who underwent combined total caudate lobe resection were mainly in the paracaval portion. The median operating time for the six patients who underwent combined resection was 400 min, and their median intraoperative blood loss was 1,683 ml. There were no postoperative complications in patients who underwent combined total caudate lobe resection, except one case of total resection combined with central bisegmentectomy. In that case, the remaining right posterior sector was twisted after liver extraction, causing blockage of the outflow of the right hepatic vein. The overall and recurrence‐free survival rates did not differ between the isolated and combined resection groups.

Conclusions

For removal of HCC located in the caudate lobe, especially the paracaval portion, partial or total caudate lobe resection with other types of hepatectomy contributes to safe, curative surgery if the liver functional reserve and complications associated with surgery are well understood.
Stiffness in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Schiavone Panni Alfredo , Cerciello Simone , Vasso Michele , Tartarone Mario
Published: July 2009

Stiffness is a relatively uncommon complication after total knee arthroplasty. It has been defined as a painful limitation in the range of movement (ROM). Its pathogenesis is still unclear even if some risk factors have been identified. Patient-related conditions may be difficult to treat. Preoperative ROM is the most important risk factor, but an association with diabetes, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, and general pathologies such as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis has been demonstrated. Moreover, previous surgery may be an additional cause of an ROM limitation. Postoperative factors include infections, arthrofibrosis, heterotrophic ossifications, and incorrect rehabilitation protocol. Infections represent a challenging problem for the orthopaedic surgeon, and treatment may require long periods of antibiotics administration. However, it is widely accepted that an aggressive rehabilitation protocol is mandatory for a proper ROM recovery and to avoid the onset of arthrofibrosis and heterotrophic ossifications. Finally, surgery-related factors represent the most common cause of stiffness; they include errors in soft-tissue balancing, component malpositioning, and incorrect component sizing. Although closed manipulation, arthroscopic and open arthrolysis have been proposed, they may lead to unpredictable results and incomplete ROM recovery. Revision surgery must be proposed in the case of well-documented surgical errors. These operations are technically demanding and may be associated with high risk of complications; therefore they should be accurately planned and properly performed.