bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disparities in Unstable Housing at the Intersection of Sexual Orientation and Race/Ethnicity Among Adolescents in a Population-Based Sample
Authors: Salgin Linda , Andrzejewski Jack , Calzo Jerel P. , Felner Jennifer K.
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this study is to identify disparities in unstable housing at the intersection of sexual orientation and race/ethnicity among adolescents in California. We examined differences in current housing status by sexual orientation and race/ethnicity among adolescents participating in the population-based California Healthy Kids Survey (N= 927,549; 2017–2019). Generalized linear mixed models included sexual orientation-by-race/ethnicity interactions and adjusted for potential confounders. Stratified models quantified the relationship between race/ethnicity and housing status by sexual orientation and between sexual orientation and housing status by race/ethnicity. Sexually minoritized adolescents had a higher prevalence of living in unstable housing conditions (e.g., living in a friend’s home, foster/group home, hotel/motel, or shelter/car/campground) and other living arrangements compared with their heterosexual peers. In models stratified by race/ethnicity, LGBQ adolescents were more likely to experience unstable housing relative to their heterosexual counterparts. In models stratified by sexual orientation, American Indian/Alaska Native, Black/African American, multiracial, and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islanders adolescents generally had greater odds of unstable housing compared with their White peers of the same sexual orientation, whereas for Asian and Hispanic/Latinx adolescents the findings were less consistent. Understanding differences in housing status for adolescents at the intersection of sexual orientation and race/ethnicity can identify groups with the greatest needs for supportive housing resources. Agencies serving these populations may benefit from interventions that are sensitive to the needs of sexually minoritized adolescents of minoritized racial or ethnic backgrounds.
A participação das mulheres nas eleições presidenciais de 1958 em Portugal através da imprensa nacional
Authors: Campos Sérgio
Published: September 2024

O texto centra-se na participação política das mulheres portuguesas nas eleições presidenciais de 1958 em Portugal. Para enquadrar a temática, procurou-se compreender a emancipação feminina entre a I e a II República Portuguesa. O surgimento de algumas instituições, como a Mocidade Portuguesa Feminina e a Obra das Mães pela Educação Nacional, é retratado como um mecanismo de controlo e disseminação dos valores morais vigentes durante o Estado Novo. Numa abordagem metodológica reflexiva através da análise das fontes primárias e secundárias, o artigo desvenda as ações políticas das mulheres, com especial enfoque nas eleições presidenciais de 1958. Neste alinhamento, é evidenciado no artigo a exígua participação das mulheres comparativamente aos homens, de acordo com a imprensa nacional em análise: Diário de Lisboa, Novidades e República. A imprensa deu a conhecer aos leitores as comissões de senhoras de apoio aos candidatos Humberto Delgado e Arlindo Vicente e destacou alguns artigos de opinião redigidos por mulheres, sobretudo as mais instruídas da época. No que concerne à cobertura jornalística, o jornal República foi aquele que mais notícias e artigos de opinião publicou durante toda a campanha eleitoral, sendo alvo de censura permanentemente.
Protagonismo e incidencia comunitaria de la ANUC en Quinchía, Risaralda (1967- 1980)
Authors: Berón Ospina Alberto Antonio , Jaramillo Marín Jefferson
Published: September 2024

La Asociación Nacional de Usuarios Campesinos (ANUC) en Quinchía, Risaralda, fue determinante para las luchas campesinas del occidente de Colombia entre 1967 y 1980; sin embargo, esto no es destacado ni ponderado en los análisis académicos tradicionales, dedicados más a comprender sus acontecimientos organizativos en el Caribe colombiano. El artículo rastrea el protagonismo regional y la crisis de la trayectoria organizativa de la ANUC en este municipio. La metodología empleada se basa en un enfoque histórico subregional que se caracteriza por recuperar relatos de pioneros de esta experiencia organizativa en la zona de Quinchía; además, se realiza análisis de prensa regional, de impresos periodísticos de los años 60 y 70, de la Base ANUC del CINEP y de artículos académicos, libros y monografías. El principal hallazgo del artículo muestra que la trayectoria de la ANUC en el contexto risaraldense se conecta con energías asociativas del ámbito veredal, vinculada con legados liberales de sus habitantes e idearios campesinos cooperativistas, que luego entraron en crisis (aunque no se desvanecieron del todo) como resultado de prácticas clientelistas, dogmatismos políticos y políticas de pacificación.
Does Collecting Taxes Erode the Accountability of Informal Leaders? Evidence from the DRC
Authors: Bergeron Augustin , Kabue Ngindu Elie , Tourek Gabriel , Weigel Jonathan L.
Published: September 2024

Delegating tax collection to informal leaders could raise tax revenue but runs the risk of undermining the local accountability of those leaders. We investigate this trade-off by exploring whether city chiefs in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) were randomly assigned to collect property taxes in 2018. To measure accountability, we study the other side of the social contract: the distribution of resources by chiefs in a government cash transfer programme in which they had discretion over the recipients of development aid. In line with the preferences of citizens, chiefs who collected taxes allocated more programme benefits to poorer households and thus made fewer inclusion and exclusion errors. They were no more or less likely to pocket benefits themselves or allocate them to their families. Across a range of measures, citizens appear to have updated their beliefs of chiefs who collected taxes. We provide evidence that collector chiefs allocated aid to poorer households because door-to-door tax collection created opportunities to learn which households were in greatest need. In contrast to concerns of ‘decentralised despotism,’ the paper thus finds evidence of a chief’s accountability benefiting from delegating tax responsibilities to local leaders in low-capacity states. Summary of ICTD Working Paper 193.
Mathematics e-Module with Malay Islamic context for 8th gradestudents: Formative Evaluation on Practicality
Authors: Afgani Muhammad Win , Paradesa Retni , Khan Adnan Shahid
Published: September 2024

Study aims to determine the practical of Mathematics E-modules on polyhedron using the context of Malay Islam which contains audio visual packaged attractively using the Canva application and makes it easier for students to understand the material. This research uses quantitative descriptive research methods following the formative evaluation stage in one-to-one, small group and field tests. The subjects of this study were 8th grade students at one of junior high school in Palembang which totaled 31 students. This research resulted in (1) E-modules with "Very Practical" criteria in terms of clarity, attractiveness, thoroughness, effectiveness, attractiveness of implementation, user acceptance and durability. The final value of practicality in this study was obtained through instruments in the form of teacher response questionnaires and student response questionnaires as users in field tests and analyzed with quantitative data analysis techniques. The results of the research obtained through the student response questionnaire, the average value of practicality was 85,71% with a very practical category.
A systematic literature review on developing students’ mathematicalcommunication skills
Authors: Fitriasari Putri , Juandi Dadang , Nurlaelah Elah , Balkist Pujia Siti
Published: September 2024

This study aims to reveal the analysis of previously published articles based on the PRISMA procedure that guides researchers' self-directed learning on online platforms through a search conducted on the ERIC database with general keywords such as mathematical communication skills’ and related terms. This review exhibits exclusion criteria in the publication distribution. Whilst, all included documents are articles in English language. The distribution of articles published specifically by years and full text available. The varied of findings show ERIC database provides essential information pertaining to mathematical communication and approach carried out involving students from various level. Meanwhile, developing student’s mathematical communication using student-centered teaching methods is one of the effective strategies.
Analisis kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa berdasarkan gender dalam menyelesaikan soal aritmatika sosial
Authors: Fitri Azela , Darhim Darhim
Published: September 2024

Siswa wajib menguasai kemampuan matematis salah satunya yaitu kemampuan komunikasi imatematis. Tujuan dari penelitian ‘ini yaitu untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana gambaran kemampuan ikomunikasi imatematis siswa berdasarkan perbedaan gender dalam menyelesaikan soal pada materi aritmatika sosial. Subjek dari penelitian ini ada enam yaitu tiga Isiswa perempuan dan tiga Isiswa laki-laki yang telah belajar aritmatika sosial di kelas. Penelitian ini menggunakan Metode kualitatif. Penelitian dilakukan di SMPN 35 Bandung. Hasil dari penelitian ini ialah perbedaan gender dalam menvelesaikan soal aritmatika sosial dapat mempengaruhi kemampuan ikomunikasi matematis siswa. Siswa perempuan untuk semua indikator nilai rata-rata komunikasi matematis secara keseluruhan lebih besar 84,4% dibandingkan dengan siswa laki-laki yang memperoleh 71,2%. Sehingga siswa perempuan lebih unggul dibandingan dengan siswa laki-laki.
Developing web-based mathematics learning media for statistical material
Authors: Yuwono Timbul , Ramadan Syahrul , Fayeldi Trija , Wahyuni Tri
Published: September 2024

This research aimed to describe the validity, practicality and effectiveness of web-based learning media. The subject of this research was the students of 9th grade of MTs Al Muslihuun Sumbermanjing Wetan. Validation result of this research from the media validation was 3,70 included into very valid category and the result of material’s validation was 3,67 that mean very valid category. The result of students’ response was obtained 3,39 from small group trials and 3,50 for large group trials, that mean that the media got very practical category and the result of the students’ test is 88,9% from small group trials and 82,6% from large group trials that showed the percentages of students achieve the minimum completeness criteria score. Therefore, the web-based learning media was stated as valid, practical and effetive and could be used in the mathematics learning process.
Upaya Orang Tua Menanamkan Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan Islam pada Anak Usia 7-12 Tahun (Studi Kasus Anak Putus Sekolah di Desa Rekimai Jaya)
Authors: Salihin Rahmad , Fakhruddin Fakhruddin , Sutarto Sutarto
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui upaya orang tua menanamkan nilai pendidikan agama Islam pada anak usia 7 sampai 12 tahun (studi kasus anak putus sekolah di Desa Rekimai Jaya), ditinjau dari faktor, nilai pendidikan Islam, dan upaya untuk menanamkan nilai-nilai pendidikan Islam. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologis. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini antara lain perangkat desa Rekimai Jaya, orang tua anak putus sekolah, perangkat agama Desa Rekimai Jaya dan anak putus sekolah di Desa Rekimai Jaya. Metode pengumpulan data melalui observasi dan wawancara. Analisis data yang digunakan merupakan analisis data kualitatif bersifat induktif. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini adalah 1) Faktor yang mempengaruhi anak putus sekolah di Desa Rekimai Jaya yakni kurangnya minat belajar, rendahnya pendidikan orang tua, ekonomi yang rendah, kurangnya perhatian orang tua, lingkungan masyarakat yang banyak mengalami putus sekolah, kurangnya pemahaman orang tua terkait dengan pendidikan dan lingkungan masyarakat yang mayoritas petani kopi dan sayur sehingga anak anak lebih tertarik untuk mencari uang dari pada sekolah. 2) Nilai-nilai yang ditanamkan orang tua pada anak putus sekolah usia 7-12 tahun ialah nilai aqidah, ibadah, dan akhlak. 3) Upaya orang tua dalam menanamkan nilai-nilai pedidikan Islam adalah dengan pembiasaan, memberikan motivasi dan di masukkan ke TPA dan di arahkan untuk mengikuti pengajian-pengajian di masjid, memberikan contoh dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, berperilaku yang baik serta mengajarkan anak agar terbiasa hidup berakhlak seperti sopan santun, cara berpakaian yang sesuai dengan ajaran agama, menghormati orang tua dan mengarahkan anak untuk selalu menjalankan nilai-nilai pendidikan Islam.
Implementasi Teori Belajar Behavioristik dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam
Authors: Hadi Azwar , Sari Indah
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan serta menganalisis impelementasi teori belajar behavioristik dalam pembelajaran pendidikan agama Islam dan mengetahui dampak dari perubahan perilaku yang terjadi dalam pembelajaran dengan menerapkannya teori belajar behavioristik. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian lapangan (field research). Sedangkan pendekatan penelitian ini adalah kualitatif. Adapun subjek dalam penelitian adalah guru pendidikan agama Islam dan peserta didik di Sekolah Menengah Atas Muhammadiyah 1 Palembang. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Selanjutnya data yang telah diperoleh dilakukan analisis data menggunakan analisis data kualitatif Miles and Huberman yang meliputi tahapan data reduction (reduksi data), data display (penyajian data), conclusion drawing/verification (penarikan kesimpulan dan verifikasi). Hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini: 1) penerapan pembelajaran pendidikan agama Islam dengan pendekatan teori belajar behavioristik sudah berjalan, diantaranya melalui metode reward, punishment, dan reinforcement. 2) Dampak pembelajaran behavioristik dapat dilihat dari tertanamnya nilai-nilai akhlak yang peserta didik terapkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, baik di lingkungan sekolah maupun masyarakat yang meliputi selalu sopan pada orang tua dan sesama, rajin beribadah, dapat membedakan sikap terpuji dan tercelah, bertoleransi, jujur, tanggung jawab, disiplin, tolong menolong, dan ramah tamah. Selain itu, dampak pembelajaran pendidikan agama Islam reward dan punishment juga berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan semangat siswa, membangkitkan motivasi siswa dalam belajar terutama dalam pembelajaran pendidikan agama Islam. Setelah pembelajaran menggunakan teori belajar behavioristik membuat peserta didik lebih aktif dan peserta didik merespon pembelajaran dengan baik.
Peran Tokoh Agama dalam Membina Akhlak Remaja Melalui Aktivitas Dakwah
Authors: Nurjannah Nurjannah , Amelia Cindi , Serena Amalia , Selpiana Ayu , Nur Aprida Triyanti
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami Peran Tokoh Agama dalam membentuk akhlak remaja di Kelurahan Talang Benih Curup, mengidentifikasi hambatan yang dihadapi oleh Tokoh Agama dalam melakukan kegiatan dakwah di wilayah tersebut, serta menemukan solusi untuk membina akhlak remaja di sana. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan dua sumber data, yaitu data primer dan sekunder, yang dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Data yang telah terkumpul dilakukan analisis degan melalui tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan kesimpulan. Adapun hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tokoh agama memiliki peran penting dalam membimbing remaja menuju perilaku yang lebih baik dan pengembangan karakter yang bertanggung jawab melalui kegiatan dakwah dan pendekatan yang terstruktur. Pembentukan wadah-wadah seperti TPA, RISMA, dan Majelis Taklim menjadi sarana utama dalam memberikan pemahaman agama yang mendalam kepada remaja. Partisipasi dalam kegiatan keagamaan berkorelasi positif dengan perilaku remaja, tetapi tantangan muncul dalam menghadapi pengaruh negatif media sosial, membutuhkan pengawasan dan pendampingan dari tokoh agama dan orang tua. Pembinaan akhlak remaja memerlukan keterlibatan berbagai pihak, termasuk peran ibu sebagai pendidik utama. Di Kelurahan Talang Benih Curup, tokoh agama menghadapi hambatan seperti kesibukan sebagai PNS, kurangnya dukungan orang tua, dan kurangnya motivasi remaja. Solusi konkret yang diajukan mencakup pembentukan kaderisasi pemuda dan peran aktif generasi muda dalam aktivitas di masjid dan langgar, dengan penyelenggaraan program pelatihan, pembinaan akhlak, pengembangan kepemimpinan, dan pembentukan jaringan sosial. Ini menjadi landasan dalam membina akhlak remaja, menciptakan lingkungan yang mendukung pertumbuhan moral dan spiritual.
Strategi Pengajaran Efektif dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam
Authors: Armelis Armelis , Karoma Karoma , Handayani Tutut
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis strategi, kendala, dan solusi yang dilakukan oleh Sekolah Dasar Negeri Kecamatan Ilir Timur 1 Kota Palembang dalam meningkatkan kinerja guru pendidikan agama Islam dalam suatu proses pengajaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Sampel terdiri dari guru Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Kecamatan Ilir Timur 1 Kota Palembang. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, observasi kelas, dan analisis dokumen. Analisis data dilakukan melalui reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Strategi pengajaran efektif di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Kecamatan Ilir Timur 1 Kota Palembang untuk guru Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) melibatkan supervisi terencana, dukungan antar-guru, dan pemanfaatan teknologi. (2) Kendala yang dihadapi oleh guru PAI mencakup keterbatasan sumber daya, waktu terbatas, dan kurangnya dukungan institusional. (3) Strategi dalam mengatasi kendala yang dilakukan oleh Sekolah Dasar Negeri Kecamatan Ilir Timur 1 Kota Palembang meliputi peningkatan dukungan institusional, pelatihan dan pengembangan profesional, serta kolaborasi antar guru. Pemanfaatan teknologi juga dapat membantu mengatasi keterbatasan sumber daya dan meningkatkan daya tarik pembelajaran
Peran Keluarga Membangun Jiwa Keagamaan Anak: Tinjauan Perspektif Kebudayaan
Authors: Rahim Abdan
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran keluarga membangun jiwa keagamaan anak: tinjauan perspektif kebudayaan. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian library research menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif-kualitatif. Dalam penelitian ini data diperoleh dari bahan-bahan kepustakaan yang terdiri dari buku, jurnal, artikel, dan sumber-sumber lain yang relevan mengenai konsep jiwa keagamaan, peran keluarga, dan kebudayaan dalam pembentukan jiwa keagamaan pada anak. Setelah mendapatkan data-data tersebut, dilakukan analisis data yang meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu peran keluarga sangat penting dalam membentuk jiwa keagamaan anak. Keluarga berperan sebagai lembaga pertama yang mengenalkan dan menerapkan nilai-nilai keagamaan melalui interaksi positif, pendidikan agama dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, dan teladan orang tua dalam praktik agama. Selain itu, kebudayaan lokal, media massa, dan pengaruh budaya global juga memainkan peran penting dalam membentuk pemahaman dan sikap anak terhadap agama. Namun demikian, peran keluarga dalam konteks kebudayaan menjadi krusial dalam memastikan bahwa anak-anak memahami dan menginternalisasi nilai-nilai keagamaan yang sesuai dengan nilai-nilai yang diwariskan oleh masyarakat.
Implementasi Model Cooperatif Tipe Student Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD) pada Pembelajaran PAI di Sekolah
Authors: Zulhijra Zulhijra , Basuni Firdaus
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi Model Pembelajaran Cooperatif Tipe STAD (Student Teams Achievement Divisions) pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) di kelas IX MTs An-Nuur Palembang. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah field research dengan subjek penelitian berupa guru PAI dan siswa kelas IX. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode kualitatif yang meliputi tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan verifikasi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Penerapan model STAD dalam pembelajaran PAI menghasilkan efek positif berupa peningkatan kerja sama, motivasi belajar, pemahaman konsep, dan prestasi belajar siswa. Implementasi model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD pada pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) membawa dampak positif yang signifikan. Model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD yang menekankan kerja sama dan interaksi antar siswa, berhasil menciptakan lingkungan belajar yang memacu peningkatan keterampilan komunikasi dan kolaborasi di antara siswa. Selain itu, peningkatan motivasi dan minat belajar siswa terhadap materi pendidikan agama Islam terlihat jelas, didorong oleh rasa tanggung jawab terhadap kesuksesan tim mereka.
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS CAUSED BY PATIENT COMPLAINTS AT PUYUNG HEALTH CENTER
Authors: Fitriana Huniza , Menap Menap , Khaliq Abdul
Published: September 2024

One of the issues that health facilities, including community health centers, had to address was patient complaints. Therefore, the aim of this research was to analyze the factors that caused patients to complain at the Puyung Health Center. To identify these causal factors, several hypothetical variables were used, such as patient perceptions, facilities and infrastructure, service procedures, officer competency, and officer discipline. The research design employed was analytical-observational, using a cross-sectional approach. The sample in the study consisted of 94 patients. The instrument in this research was a questionnaire for each variable. The data were then analyzed using bivariate analysis (crosstab) to determine the relationship between the independent and dependent variables and a multivariate logistic regression test to identify the independent variables that caused patient complaints. The results of the research revealed that there was an individually significant relationship between patient complaints and patient perceptions, facilities and infrastructure, service procedures, officer competence, and officer discipline. In addition, information was obtained that service procedures were the dominant factor that significantly caused patient complaints at the Puyung Community Health Center.
PENGARUH POLA MAKAN TERHADAP KEJADIAN GASTRITIS PADA MAHASISWA
Authors: Muttaqin Salwa Zainum , Juwita Citra Puspa
Published: September 2024

Gastritis atau maag merupakan suatu kondisi mukosa lambung meradang yang prevalensi tinggi di Indonesia dengan angka kasus yang signifikan, seperti di Jakarta Timur mencapai 94.495. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara pola makan dengan kejadian gastritis pada mahasiswa. Metode penelitian yang diterapkan adalah kuantitatif korelasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Pengumpulan sampel dilakukan melalui metode simple random sampling dengan responden sejumlah 110 orang. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner yang diisi secara online, sementara analisis data dilakukan dengan menerapkan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kejadian gastritis pada populasi sebanyak 55,45% dan terdapat pengaruh antara pola makan dan kejadian gastritis pada mahasiswa, dimana mahasiswa yang memiliki pola makan tidak sehat akan beresiko 44,8 kali terjadi gastritis dibandingkan mahasiswa yang memiliki pola makan sehat (p value= 0,00; OR= 44,8; CI=14,2 – 141,3). Penting bagi mahasiswa memahami bahwa pola makan yang seimbang dan disertai dengan jenis makanan yang tepat dapat berkontribusi pada kesehatan yang optimal.
Pembaruan Hukum yang Inklusif: RKUHP sebagai Preservasi Penyandang Disabilitas Intelektual dalam Tindak Pidana Perkosaan
Authors: Egi Fauzi  , Erna Listiawati  , Laura Mande Nata
Published: September 2024

AbstractFor persons with intellectual disabilities, the formulation of the crime of rape in the Draft Criminal Code is a policy that can protect them from potential victims of the crime of rape, as if it were a gateway for asserting rights and an effort to end a series of cases that never ended. In fact, there are also many cases of rape that do not surface, but only become personal secrets and only those closest to them know. There is great hope and need for legal reform that is inclusive and sensitive to persons with intellectual disabilities. This is the main problem in this paper. The method used is the normative juridical method and to obtain the data used statutory studies and literature review. The results of the research show that the formulation of the crime of rape in the Draft Criminal Code brings a new and significant direction in the protection of persons with intellectual disabilities, this is also strengthened by the expansion of the definition of the crime of rape.Keywords: Draft Criminal Code; rape crime; Persons with Intellectual Disabilities. AbstrakBagi penyandang disabilitas intelektual, rumusan tindak pidana perkosaan dalam Rancangan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana adalah suatu kebijakan yang bisa melindungi mereka dari potensi menjadi korban tindak pidana perkosaan, seakan menjadi gerbang dari penegasan hak dan menjadi sebuah upaya guna terentaskannya deretan kasus yang tidak pernah berhanti. Bahkan banyak juga kasus perkosaan yang tidak muncul ke permukaan, namun hanya menjadi rahasia pribadi dan keluarga terdekat saja yang tahu. Ada harapan besar dan kebutuhan dari pembaruan hukum yang inklusif dan sensitif kepada penyandang disabilitas intelektual. Hal inilah yang menjadi pokok permasalahan dalam tulisan ini. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode yuridis normatif dan untuk memperoleh data digunakan studi perundang- undangan dan telaah kepustakaan. Dari hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa rumusan tindak pidana perkosaan dalam Rancangan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana membawa arah baru dan signifikan dalam perlindungan penyandang disabilitas intelektual, hal tersebut diperkuat juga dengan adanya perluasan definisi dari tindak pidana perkosaan.Kata Kunci: Rancangan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana; Tindak Pidana Perkosaan; Penyandang Disabilitas Intelektual.
Non-coding RNA and drug resistance in head and neck cancer
Authors: Zhang Yulong , Peng Yingming , Lin Bingqin , Yang Shuai , Deng Feiqiang , Yang Xuan , Li An , Xia Wanyi , Gao Chenxi , Lei Shaona , Liao Wei , Zeng Qi
Published: September 2024

Head and neck cancer (HNC) is ranked as the sixth most common malignant tumor, and the overall survival rate with current treatment options remains concerning, primarily due to drug resistance that develops following antitumor therapy. Recent studies indicate that non-coding RNAs play a crucial role in drug resistance among HNC patients. This article systematically reviews the current research landscape, explores novel targets and treatment strategies related to non-coding RNAs and HNC resistance, raises some unresolved issues, and discusses five promising research directions in this field: ferroptosis, nanomedicine, exosomes, proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), and artificial intelligence. We hope that our work will contribute to advancing research on overcoming HNC resistance through the regulation of non-coding RNAs.
Decentralized multi-authority anonymous credential system with bundled languages on identifiers in bilinear groups
Authors: Anada Hiroaki
Published: September 2024

We propose a multi-show decentralized multi-authority attribute-based anonymous credential system (dACS). Referring to previous work, we give a new syntax and three security notions: unforgeability, anonymity and unlinkability. Especially, corruption of authorities is considered to reflect a real scenario. Then we give a generic construction of dACS. In our $$ \textsf{dACS} $$ , an attribute authority who issues a private secret key to an entity only has to sign the entity's identifier. Then, according to the principle of "commit-to-identifier", the entity generates a proof of knowing credentials. There are two building blocks: the structure-preserving signature scheme and the Groth-Sahai non-interactive proof system, both of which are in asymmetric bilinear groups. The principle is realized with a bundled language that is simultaneous pairing-product equations on the identifier. There, the bundled language works for preventing collusion attacks . Finally, we instantiate our generic $$ \textsf{dACS} $$ under the Symmetric External Diffie-Hellman (SXDH) assumption, compare the instantiated scheme with previous work, and evaluate the performance.
Challenges and Advances in Cervical Cancer Prevention for HIV-Positive Individuals
Authors: Justiz-Vaillant Angel , Gopaul Darren , Thompson Reinand , Asin-Milan Odalis , Arrozarena-Fundora Rodolfo , Soodeen Sachin , Unakal Chandrashekhar
Published: September 2024

Since the identification of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in 1981, approximately 85.6 million people have been infected with HIV, resulting in 40.4 million deaths. As of 2022, 53% of the 39 million people living with HIV are women and girls. Despite the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART) improving survival rates, cervical cancer remains prevalent among HIV-infected individuals. By 2030, cervical cancer is projected to cause 727,500 new cases and 432,000 deaths globally. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a well-known cause of cervical cancer, with HIV infection exacerbating the prevalence of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). HIV and HPV share transmission routes, and HIV worsens cervical carcinogenesis by inhibiting tumour suppressor genes and altering cell cycle regulation. Chronic inflammation and cytokine imbalances, notably increased IL-10 levels, are linked to cervical cancer progression. Despite ART improving overall health, cervical cancer remains a significant issue, highlighting the need for better screening and prevention measures. A cross-sectional study in Brazil evaluated cytokine levels in cervicovaginal lavage among HIV-positive women, revealing a high prevalence of specific HPV types. ART has been shown to reduce the likelihood of developing squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) and HR-HPV prevalence, although its impact on invasive cervical cancer remains inconclusive. In a study in Accra, 250 sexually active HIV-positive women exhibited a high HPV prevalence, emphasising the need for regular screening. HPV testing, visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), and cytology-based tests are primary screening methods, each with specific advantages and limitations. A systematic review and meta-analysis indicated that ART is associated with a lower prevalence of HR-HPV and high-grade cervical lesions, suggesting that early ART initiation may reduce cervical lesion incidence and progression. HPV is a significant cause of sexually transmitted diseases, with high prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa. Studies show a substantial burden of HPV among men in the region, underscoring the potential benefits of HPV vaccination programs. A study in Tanzania highlighted a high prevalence of HR-HPV among HIV-positive men, suggesting the efficacy of HPV vaccines irrespective of HIV status. Cervical cancer rates in sub-Saharan Africa are alarmingly high, necessitating targeted vaccination and prevention strategies.
Rifampicin Loaded PLGA/Alginate Grafted pNVCL-Based Nanoparticles for Wound Healing
Authors: Bibire Tudor , Timofte Daniel Vasile , Dănilă Radu , Panainte Alina Diana , Yilmaz Cătălina Natalia , Bibire Nela , Agoroaei Luminita , Ghiciuc Cristina Mihaela
Published: September 2024

The topical therapy with rifampicin (RF)-based formulations is beneficial to treat infections and to healing the wounds. Despite recent research highlighting the antibiotic's significant an-ti-inflammatory properties, limited topical wound healing products are currently available. Present study aimed to prove that the newly synthesized nanoparticles based on grafted alginate and poly(N-vinylcaprolactam (pNVCL) and poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) contributes to the healing process of a wound. The methods used were at first the synthesis of the copolymer of al-ginate and pNVCL via grafting from technique and radical polymerization followed by wa-ter-in-oil-in water (W/O/W) emulsification by using as oil phase PLGA dissolved in dichloromethane (DCM). The formed nanoparticles were than characterized. The loaded RF was determined to be 160 µg/mL for a 20 mg formulation and within a four-hour time frame approximately 10% of the total loaded amount was released. The inhibitory concentrations (IC50) were 192 µg/mL for the nanoparticle, 208 µg/mL for pure rifampicin, and 718 µg/mL for the rifampicin-loaded nanopar-ticles. Considering the double role Rifampicin was used for, the result was considered satisfactory in the way that these formulations could be used more with the wound irrigation post-surgery to avoid infections and to contribute to the healing.
Lipid Deposition in Skeletal Muscle Tissues and Its Correlation with Intra-abdominal Fat: A Pilot Investigation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Sarma Manoj Kumar , Saucedo Andres , Sadananthan Suresh Anand , Darwin Christine H , Felker Ely Richard , Raman Steve , Velan Sambasivam Sendhil , Thomas Michael Albert
Published: September 2024

This study evaluated metabolites and lipid composition in the calf muscles of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients and age-matched healthy controls using multi-dimensional MR Spectroscopic Imaging. We also explored the association between muscle metabolites, lipids, and intra-abdominal fat in T2DM. Participants included 12 T2DM patients (60.3 ± 8.6 years), 9 age-matched healthy controls (AMHC) (60.9 ± 7.8 years), and 10 young healthy controls (YHC) (28.3 ± 1.8 years). We acquired 2D MR spectra of calf muscles using an enhanced accelerated 5D echo-planar correlated spectroscopic imaging (EP-COSI) technique, and abdominal MRI with breath-hold 6-point Dixon sequence. In YHC, choline levels were lower in the gastrocnemius (GAS) and soleus (SOL) muscles but higher in the tibialis anterior (TA) compared to AMHC. YHC also showed higher unsaturation index (U.I.) of extramyocellular lipids (EMCL) in TA, intramyocellular lipids (IMCL) in GAS, carnosine in SOL, and taurine and creatine in TA. T2DM patients exhibited higher choline in TA and myo-inositol in SOL than AMHC, while Triglyceride fats (TGFR2) in TA was lower. Correlation analysis indicated associations between IMCL U.I. and various metabolites in muscles with liver, pancreas, and abdominal fat estimates in T2DM. These findings may elucidate the impact of dysfunctional adipose tissues in T2DM.
Cosmic Entropy Prediction with Extremely High Precision in Rh = ct Cosmology
Authors: Haug Espen , Tatum Eugene
Published: September 2024

We present how the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of a growing black hole variant of Rh = ct cosmology model can be rewritten as a function of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation temperature or Hubble parameter, rather than the Hubble radius, as first pointed out by Tatum and Seshavatharam [1]. We then show how our CMB temperature formulae lead to much higher precision in the estimated entropy of the Hubble radius universe, since the CMB temperature can be measured with great precision. We also briefly discuss how the Schwarzschild metric can be rewritten as a function of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy, and how the entropy of the universe can be directly linked to recent estimates of the number of quantum operations in the universe since its beginning.
Photothermal Conversion Performance of Fe3O4/ATO Hybrid Nanofluid for Direct Absorption Solar Collector
Authors: Ham Jeonggyun , Kim Hyemin , Cho Honghyun
Published: September 2024

In order to enhance the efficiency of direct absorption solar collectors, this study carried out an experimental analysis about the optical and photothermal conversion performance of Fe3O4, ATO and Fe3O4/ATO nanofluids with total concentration of 0.1wt%. According to the results of experiments, Fe3O4 nanofluid outperform ATO nanofluid in terms of optical absorption; nevertheless, at wavelengths shorter than 600 nm, it also shows significant scattering reflection. The solar-weighted absorption coefficient of Fe3O4/ATO nanofluid rose from 0.863 (mFe3O4mTotal= 0.2) to 0.932 (mFe3O4mTotal= 0.8) when the optical path length increased from 0.01 m to 0.06 m. Additionally, the photothermal conversion efficiency of Fe3O4/ATO hybrid nanofluid was attained 0.932 at (mFe3O4mTotal= 0.2), above the 0.892 and 0.898 photothermal conversion efficiencies recorded for 0.1 wt% ATO and Fe3O4 nanofluids, respectively. When present together, the opposing optical characteristics of Fe3O4 and ATO boost photothermal conversion performance, which is anticipated to raise the efficiency of direct absorption solar collectors.
Molecular Mechanism of VSV Recombinant ASFV Antigen Gene Activating Immune Response of DCs in Mice
Authors: Ma Yunyun , Liu Wei , Gao Shandian , Zhou Guangqing , Shao Junjun , Qi Xuefeng , Chang Huiyun
Published: September 2024

The VSV recombinant ASFV antigen gene live vector vaccines can induce efficient immune response, but the detailed mechanism remains unsolved yet. In order to investigate the efficacy of recombinant viruses (VSV-p35, VSV-p72) mediated dendritic cells (DCs) maturation and the mechanism of inducing T cells immune response, the functional effects of recombinant viruses to DCs activation and target antigens presentation were explored in this study. The results showed that surface marked molecules (CD80, CD86, CD40, and MHC-II) and secreted cytokines (IL-4, TNF-α, IFN-γ) were highly expressed in DCs that treated with recombinant viruses. The mixed lymphocyte reaction experiment results showed that the naive lymphocytes and polarized the CD4+T lymphocytes towards Th1 and Th17 cells were effectively activated when DCs were treated with recombinant viruses. In conclusion, the study indicated that VSV recombinant ASFV antigen gene live vector vaccine activated the maturation of DCs and the Th1 and Th17 type immune response, which provided a theoretical basis for the development of novel ASF vaccines.
A Novel Hybrid Model for Dengue Early Warning Systems: Integrating Traditional and Modern Approaches with Real-World Applications
Authors: Anh Tuan Dang
Published: September 2024

Dengue fever remains one of the most significant public health challenges globally, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. Traditional early warning systems (EWS) for dengue outbreaks, based on retrospective epidemiological data, suffer from delays and limited predictive accuracy. Modern systems, leveraging real-time data, artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning (ML), improve accuracy but can be costly and difficult to implement in resource-constrained settings. This paper proposes a novel hybrid model that integrates the strengths of both traditional and modern EWS, with real-world examples from Brazil, and Malaysia. The hybrid model balances accuracy, scalability, and cost-effectiveness, making it a feasible option for low- and middle-income countries.
Employ the Colored Rice Cultivars Under the Foliar Biofortification to Facilitate the Zinc Enrichment
Authors: Wang Yuanqi , Farooq Muhammad Raza , Guo Yukun , Sun Haoyuan , Rao Pincheng , Peng Zhiwei , Chen Youtao , Yin Xuebin
Published: September 2024

It is difficult for ordinary rice to break the zinc-rich standard. However, employing multiple unique rice cultivar resources through biofortification of agronomic measures to achieve this target is a novel attempt that has rarely been reported. In this study, the effects of foliar application of water-soluble zinc-rich fertilizer (400 g/ha Zn) on seven different cultivars (GFHN 166, GFHN168, GFHN 169, GH 1, GXHZ, GHSZ and YXN) of colored rice at heading stage were investigated through pot experiment. The result indicated that foliar biofortification significantly increased the zinc content of colored rice grains by 43.89%, and the zinc accumulation in grains increased by 64.50%. In addition, the SPAD value and grain protein content also increased significantly by 2.15% and 2.86%, respectively. Among these, GXHZ and GHSZ could realize the zinc content of polished rice up to 69.7 mg/kg and 55.4mg/kg, breaking through the standard of zinc-enrich rice (45mg/kg). GXHZ plant height increased by 11.22%, and the zinc harvest index (6.44%) and zinc use efficiency (26.79%) were the highest. Meanwhile, the biofortification promoted the SPAD value of GHSZ and the protein content of GFHN 166 by 4.95% and 24.81%, respectively. And zinc-treated colored rice at the concentration used in this study has no risk to human health. Combining the foliar application of exogenous zinc with the utilization of specific cultivars resources could realize zinc-enrich rice production, and provide an additional resolution for tackling the hidden hunger problems.
Comparison of Biowaste Fillers Extracted from Fish Scales and Collagen on the Mechanical Properties of High-Density Polyurethane Foams
Authors: Obiechefu Zodidi , Onwubu Stanley Chibuzor , Naidoo Deneshree , Mokhothu Thabang Hendrica , Mdluli Phumlane Selby
Published: September 2024

The utilization of biowaste fillers in the development of high-density polyurethane (PU) foams has gained significant attention due to environmental and economic benefits. This study investigates the mechanical properties of PU foams reinforced with biowaste fillers extracted from fish scales (FS) and fish scale derived collagen (FSC). The fish scales and collagen were characterized for their composition and integrated into PU foams at various loadings. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, hardness, and density were evaluated. ANOVA was used to analyze the mean values. Bonferroni tests were used to identify differences between the filler materials (α=.05). The tensile strength increases with increase in filler content for both FS (59.48 Kpa) and FSC (65.43Kpa). No differences were observed between FS and FSC in tensile strength. Significance differences were observed between the FS and FSC in both hardness and density (p<0.001). The results demonstrated that both fillers enhanced the mechanical properties of PU foams, with collagen-reinforced foams showing superior performance. This suggests that collagen and fish scales can be effective biowaste fillers for developing environmentally friendly PU foams with enhanced mechanical properties.
Cephalometric Evaluation of Facial Height Ratio and Growth Patterns: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Stăncioiu Andra Alexandra , Vasica Floare , Nagib Riham , Popa Adelina , Motofelea Alexandru Cătălin , Hușanu Anca Adriana , Szuhanek Camelia Alexandrina
Published: September 2024

(1) Background: This retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate the cephalometric evaluation of facial height ratio (FHR) and growth patterns. (2) Methods: We assessed facial height ratios, Y-axis to SN angle, and growth patterns in 94 participants from Timis county using digital cephalograms. Participants were categorized based on Angle’s classification. Cephalograms were digitally traced and analyzed using WebCeph imaging software. Statistical analysis was conducted using Python version 3.11.9. (3) Results: Significant correlations were observed between FHR and craniofacial development, particularly regarding hypodivergent growth patterns. In a sample of 94, molar classes showed varying patterns: Class I—33.3% hyperdivergent, 61.5% normodivergent, 33.3% hypodivergent. Class II—50% hyperdivergent, 30.8% normodivergent, 52% hypodivergent. Class III—16.7% hyperdivergent, 7.7% normodivergent, 14.7% hypodivergent. Y-axis to SN angle values were within normal limits across groups (Group I: 65.0 (IQR: 61.2-69.0), Group II: 65.0 (IQR: 62.0-69.0), Group III: 67.0 (IQR: 59.7- 69.0). A strong negative correlation was found between Y-axis to SN angle and Jarabak’s ratio (r = -0.72, p < 0.001), highlighting the need for holistic assessment methods in orthodontic practice. (4) Conclusion: Patients from Timis county predominantly exhibit a hypodivergent growth pattern across all malocclusion types. Understanding these patterns is essential for comprehensive orthodontic treatment planning. Further research is needed to explore the implications of these findings on treatment outcomes and patient care.
Advances in the Ecological Restoration of Landscapes with Diverse Mycorrhizae
Authors: Yelikbayev Bakhytzhan , Al-Ani Laith Khalil Tawfeeq , Pagano Marcela Claudia
Published: September 2024

Several degraded ecosystems worldwide need to attain a stable vegetal cover after mandatory active restoration; thus, plants soil, and soil biodiverse microbes can be taken into consideration for a successful mission. Among environmental and biological variables, interactions with soil and its microorganisms are critical for permanent plant establishment. Thus, advances in the use of microbial management such as inoculation of mycorrhizas and bacteria become a modern aspect of active restoration programs. New strengths have increased worldwide since most plant species, including grasses, associate to mycorrhizae, Thus, a high percent of restored areas, which were degraded due to the increasing mining or conventional agriculture, rest to be monitored. This study shows current reports on active restoration of degraded landscapes as well as the methodology required for a successful ecosystem restoration. Active restoration has been recognized as the best method to restore tropical forests; however, the higher cost of active restoration, which requires planting seedlings, direct seeding, root inoculation of microorganisms or mitigation of disturbances, which aid the recovery process despite monitoring. On the other hand, the spontaneous recovery of trees that colonize and establish in abandoned fields or natural disturbances, named natural regeneration, is less targeted and can require more time to achieve results. We conducted a web of science search of recent published articles on restoration and analyzed them. We confirmed the important role of AMF on root colonization and soil AMF spores as drivers of restoration of main ecosystems according to previous results from restored sites in Brazil. In the restored sites AMF (more than 8 species) was generally found, while in preserved sites dominated Gigaspora, Scutellospora and Acaulospora, restored sites presented relevant AMF richness as well as the preserved sites. Root colonization by AMF in experimental mined sites was high. Vesicles were frequent in restored sites.; however, colonization intensity was generally the same despite treatments. In general, in the control treatments, values of root colonization remain high.