bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INTERACTIVE METHODS AS THE MEANS OF IMPLEMENTING PRACTICE-ORIENTED TRAINING OF THE FUTURE FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHER
Authors: Vishlenkova Svetlana Gennad’evna , Kizrina Natal’ya Gennad’evna
Published: October 2018

The article examines the problem of improving the professional training of future foreign language teachers. In the authors’ opinion, the use of the interactive training technology contributes to the formation of foreign language professional competence among students majoring foreign languages at higher pedagogical institutions. The conditions for interactive training organization are described. The concrete examples of the use of interactive methods are given in the framework of the practice-oriented teaching of foreign language to bachelor’s degree students.
EARTHY AND CELESTIAL LOVE IN THE SONNET CYCLE “MONNA INNOMINATA” BY C. G. ROSSETTI
Authors: Sokolova Natal'ya Igorevna
Published: October 2018

The sonnet cycle “Monna Innominata” is analyzed in the context of C. G. Rossetti’s creative work, considering the problem of the correlation of earthy and celestial love, which is the key one in her amorous lyrics. In C. G. Rossetti’s creative work Pre-Raphaelite principles are in tune with her deep religiousness, dedication to Tractarianism and its esthetical conceptions. First of all, it refers to the “modest reserve” principle, which forbids the poet to express the feelings explicitly, it explains the mysteriousness of the poetess’s works. “Monna Innominata” manifests Rossetti’s dedication to Dante’s philosophy and serves as her response to “Sonnets from the Portuguese” by E. Barrett Browning.
“LENINGRAD CASE”: ON SMOLNY’S PERSONNEL POLICY IN THE EARLY POST-WAR YEARS
Authors: Sushkov Andrei Valer'evich , Bedel' Aleksandr Emanuilovich
Published: October 2018

The article examines the charges that were brought against the persons, who were involved in the so called “Leningrad case”: appointment of “inner circle members” to official positions in the party and state system, violation of the principle to appoint staff members to administrative positions considering their professional competence. As the documents testify, during the proceedings the former and current for those times Leningrad authorities were subjected to detailed inspection. As a result, all sorts of compromising materials were discovered: dereliction of duty, occurrence of party penalties, praising “Leningrad leaders”, corruption, hard drinking, and “moral corruption”.
COLLECTION OF MEMOIRS “IMMORTAL HOME FRONT: AGRICULTURAL WORKERS OF TYUMEN LAND” AS A HISTORICAL SOURCE
Authors: Goncharenko Ol'ga Nikolaevna
Published: October 2018

The article examines the potential of the collection of memoirs “Immortal Home Front: Agricultural Workers of Tyumen Land” as a source on the history of the countryside in the years of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. The paper analyses the informational potential of the memoirs for studying the countrymen’s culture, psychology, labour activity and everyday life; and gives examples of the labour exploits of women and children that were committed in the deep Siberian rear. The author concludes that introduced into scientific use eyewitnesses’ memories contribute to clarifying the role of the countryside under the wartime conditions and help to preserve historical memory nowadays.
Endoscopic intervention in cirrhotic patients
Authors: Chantarojanasiri Tanyaporn
Published: October 2018

Gastrointestinal endoscopy is commonly performed in patients with liver cirrhosis for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. However, these patients have increased risk of various complicationssuch as bleeding, infection, liver decompensation, and complications related to medication used in endoscopy. Risk factors of these complications included patient-related risk factors and intervention-related risk factors. This review would focus on the risk, the pitfall, and how to prevent these complications.
Smart Advisor: An Intelligent Inventory Prediction Based On Regression Model
Authors: Küçük Ömer , Kiani Farzad
Published: October 2018

Today one of the biggest expense items of the enterprises is raw material and stock amounts. Therefore, proper inventory management is very important for the profitability of the enterprises. Products that are not purchased on time cause interruptions in production and products left over because the expiration date has passed will also cause losses for businesses. Therefore, proper inventory management is critical for profit / loss situations of businesses. In this paper we presented a model to predict the demand of certain stock items by using a regression model. Our model can analysis and computer the prediction results on agiven dataset. We evaluate our model on sample dataset and provide the analysis as well calculations over the existing inventory. Accurate analysis of stock consumption enables accurate estimation of the amount of stock to be consumed in the future. Accurate forecasting of stock consumption helps to take corrective steps in decision making. That is, it only allows you to buy in sufficient quantity when necessary. These stages are critical for economic stock management. For this reason, robust and adaptable approaches that can provide models ensure that stock consumption can be managed properly. It is difficult to find previously written sources on estimating the direction of stock movements. One of the most important reasons for this is the lack of incentive to make such studies in the academic literature. As a result, articles written about the subject and the work done have been limited, the results have not reached the reproducible level.
Machine Learning Approach for User Accounts Identification with Unwanted Information and data
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , SAIRAM TVM
Published: October 2018

Machine Learning used for many real-time issues in many organizations and the purpose of social media analytics machine learning models are used most prominently and to identify the genuine accounts and the information in the social media we are here with a new pattern of identification. In this pattern of the model, we are proposing some words which are hidden to identify the accounts with fake data and the some of the steps we are proposing will help to identify the fake and unwanted accounts in Facebook in an efficient manner. Clustering in machine learning will be used, and before that, we are proposing a suitable architecture and the process flow which can identify the fake and suspicious accounts in the social media. This article will be on machine learning implementations and will be working on OSN (online social networks). Our work will be more on Facebook which is maintaining more amount of accounts and identifying which are overruling the rules on privacy and protection of the user content. Machine learning supervised models will be used for text classification, and CNN of unsupervised learning performs the image classification, and the explanation will be given in the implementation phase. There are large numbers of algorithms we can consider for machine learning implementations in the social networking and here we considered mainly on CNN because of having the feasibility of implementation in different rules and we can eliminate the features we don’t need. Feature extraction is quite simple using CNN.
Internet of Things and Healthcare Technologies: A Valuable Synergy from Design to Implementation
Authors: Gautam Kalpna , Puri Vikram , G Tromp Jolanda , Van Le Chung , Nguyen Nhu Gia
Published: October 2018

Internet of Things (IoT) promises to be a reliable technology for the future. Healthcare is one of the fields which are rapidly developing new solutions. The synergy between IoT and healthcare promises to be very beneficial for human healthcare and evolved into a new field of research and development: the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). This paper presents a review on various enabling IoMT technologies based on the latest publications and technology available in the marketplace. This article also analyzes the various software platforms available in the field of IoMT and the current challenges faced by the industry
Hubungan Pemberian Susu Formula dengan Kejadian Diare pada Bayi Usia 0 – 6 Bulan di Desa Gayaman Kecamatan Mojoanyar Kabupaten Mojokerto
Authors: Khasanah Nurun Ayati , Sulistyawati Wiwit
Published: October 2018

Susu formula merupakan susu buatan yang diubah komposisinya sehingga dipakai sebagai pengganti ASI.  Bayi tidak mampu mencerna semua zat gizi terkandung didalamnya. Sistem pencernaannya belum sempurna sehingga menimbulkan diare. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui hubungan pemberian susu formula dengan kejadian diare pada bayi 0-6 bulan.  Penelitian analitik crossectional. Variabel independen (pemberian susu formula),  variabel dependen(kejadian diare pada bayi usia 0-6 bulan). Populasi seluruh bayi usia 0-6 bulan . jumlah sampel 45 responden dengan  total sampling. Penelitian ini di lakukan  bulan  Juli 2015 – Desember 2015. Berdasarkan uji chi-square didapatkan nilai hitung 6,763 > nilai tabel 3,84  ada hubungan  pemberian susu formula dengan kejadian diare pada bayi (0–6 bulan) . Penyebab  diare adalah  tidak cukup tersedianya air bersih dan  kurang memperhatikan segi aseptik. Tenaga kesehatan,  memberikan penyuluhan kepada masyarakat tentang manfaat, keuntungan dan pentingnya ASI bagi bayi atau pun bagi Ibu.
A discussion about the subject of Learning Styles
Authors: Hanzo Hattori
Published: October 2018

Learning
Styles have been discussed broadly and are highly accepted. However, they are myth.
Effect of digital elevation model resolution on the simulation of the snow cover evolution in the High Atlas
Authors: Baba Mohamed Wassim , Gascoin Simon , Kinnard Christophe , Marchane Ahmed , Hanich Lahoucine
Published: October 2018

The snow melt from the High Atlas represents a crucial water resource for crop irrigation in the semi-arid regions of Morocco. Recent studies have used assimilation of snow cover area (SCA) data from high resolution optical sensors to compute the snow water equivalent (SWE) and snow melt in other mountain regions. These techniques require large model ensembles and therefore a challenge is to determine the adequate model resolution, which yields accurate results with reasonable computation time. Here we study the sensitivity of an energy-balance model to the resolution of the model grid for a pilot catchment in the High Atlas. We used a time series of 8 m resolution SCA maps with an average revisit time of 7.5 days to evaluate the model results. The DEM was generated from Pléiades stereo-images and resampled from 8 m to 30 m, 90 m, 250 m, 500 m and 1000 m. The results indicate that the model performs well from 8 m to 250 m but the agreement with observations drops at 500 m. This is because significant features of the topography were too smoothed out to properly characterize the spatial variability of meteorological forcing, including solar radiation. We conclude that a resolution of 250 m might be sufficient in this area. This result is consistent with the shape of the semivariogram of the topographic slope, suggesting that this semivariogram analysis could be used to transpose our conclusion to other study regions.
Sex-specific associations between maternal prenatal cortisol and child callous-unemotional traits: Findings from the Wirral Child Health and Development Study
Authors: Wright Nicola , Pickles Andrew , Braithwaite Elizabeth , Sharp Helen , Hill Jonathan
Published: October 2018

Background: Maternal prenatal stress may impact on fetal development in a sex-dependent way. Evidence from the human and animal literature supports a theory of glucocorticoid-mediated risk in females, which results in elevated affective symptoms via increased amygdala connectivity and activity. We sought to investigate whether this mechanism may be protective against psychopathology associated with reduced amygdala activity, specifically callous-unemotional (CU) traits. Methods: Participants (n=225) were members of a stratified subsample of an epidemiological cohort (n=1233). Maternal diurnal cortisol was measured using the log of the area under the curve (LogAUC) from saliva samples collected over two days at 32 weeks gestation (on waking, 30-min post-waking and during the evening). Mothers reported on child CU traits and internalizing symptoms at 2.5, 3.5 and 5 years of age. Results: Higher maternal prenatal cortisol was significantly associated with lower CU traits in girls. This effect remained when controlling for confounders and internalizing symptoms. The effect in boys was consistently different from girls (interaction term p<0.001), but never different from zero, indicating no association. There was a significant interaction term to predict internalizing symptoms, however the effect became non-significant when confounders and CU traits were included in the model. Conclusions: The findings extend existing understanding of the adaptive model of prenatal programming in females, where exposure to prenatal stress increases risk for affective disorders via glucocorticoid mechanisms and altered amygdala functioning. Our findings suggest that exposure to elevated prenatal cortisol in females may confer risk or be a protective mechanism depending on the outcome.
Design and Experimental Validation of a Computational Effective Dynamic Thermal Energy Storage Tank Model
Authors: Bonilla Javier
Published: October 2018

Concentrating solar thermal power plants rely in thermal energy storage systems in order to provide a stable power supply. However, they might not been able to meet power plant demands, mainly because of their storage sizes which are restricted due to economic reasons. One way of mitigating this effect is to control in an optimal way the charging and discharging processes. For the design and validation of advanced control strategies, an accurate dynamic model is essential. For this reason, a dynamic thermal energy tank model intended to be used in concentrating solar thermal power plant models is presented in this paper. The developed tank model is validated in charging and discharging processes and also at rest state in order to validate thermal losses dynamics. Simulation results are compared against experimental data from the CIEMAT-PSA molten salt testing facility.
Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Teachers: A Meta-Analysis of the Emerging Evidence-Base
Authors: Klingbeil David A. , Renshaw Tyler L
Published: October 2018

Teachers report high levels of occupational stress, which is associated with teacher turnover and potential negative consequences for students. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) may improve the protective factors that buffer educators against occupational stress. Although previous meta-analytic reviews synthesized the effects of MBIs for healthy and clinical samples of adults, this study was the first to synthesize the effects of MBIs for teachers (grades pre-K through 12). A total of 347 effect sizes from 29 studies (N = 1,493) were synthesized using meta-regression with robust variance estimation. Overall, MBIs had a medium treatment effect on teacher outcomes (g = .601, SE = .089). Visual and statistical evidence of publication bias suggested this estimate may be positively biased. Three potential study-level moderators for overall effects were also examined, but none were statistically significant. MBIs were associated with small-to-medium positive effects on therapeutic processes and therapeutic outcomes. MBIs had the smallest effects on measures of classroom climate and instructional practices. Overall, findings were similar to other meta-analytic reviews of MBIs for non-clinical adult populations and working professionals. The literature on MBIs for teachers appears to have similar gaps as research on MBIs for adults (e.g., Davison & Kaszniak, 2015), including the primary use of self-report measures, the lack of active treatment comparisons, and rare reporting of treatment fidelity data. Directions for future research and implications are discussed. [*Note: Supplemental online materials cited in the paper are included in the preprint document following the main paper.]
Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissistic States in Interpersonal Situations
Authors: Edershile Elizabeth A. , Wright Aidan G.C.
Published: October 2018

Clinicians have noted that narcissistic individuals fluctuate over time in their levels of grandiosity and vulnerability. However, these fluctuations remain poorly understood from an empirical perspective. Interpersonal theory asserts that interpersonal situations are central to the expression of personality and psychopathology, and therefore are a key context in which to understand state narcissism’s dynamic processes. The present study is the first to examine state narcissism assessed during interpersonal situations. Specifically, perceptions of others’ warmth and dominance, momentary grandiosity and vulnerability, and one’s own warm and dominant behavior were assessed across situations in daily life in a large sample (person N=286; occasion N=6,837). Results revealed that more grandiose individuals perceived others as colder and behaved in a more dominant and cold fashion, on average. But in the moment, relatively higher grandiosity was associated with perceiving others as warmer and more submissive and resulted in more dominant and warm behavior. On the other hand, trait vulnerability was associated with perceptions of coldness and cold behavior, and these effects were only amplified in momentary spikes of vulnerability. This study provides much needed insight into the contexts that contribute to fluctuations in grandiosity and vulnerability.
Productivity and Profitability Analysis of Old Aged Hybrid Rice Seedling Using Nutrient-Rice Expert and Other Precision Nutrient Management Practices at Lamjung, Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Sudikshya , Amgain L.P. , Subedi R. , Shrestha P. , Shahi S.
Published: October 2018

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) being the most important staple crop of Nepal its production and productivity is significantly reduced by old-aged seedling transplantation and imbalanced nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium application. A field experiment was conducted at Sundarbazar, Lamjung  to evaluate the performance of 38 days old US-312 hybrid rice seedling  under fully rain-fed condition with six precision nutrient management practices [Nutrient Expert® -Rice (NE) recommendation, Farmers Fertilizer Practices (FFP); Government Recommendation (GR); Leaf Color Chart (LCC) N and FFP (P & K); NE (N) and FFP (P & K); and LCC (N) and NE (P & K) replicated four times in RCBD design during July to December, 2017. The statistical results showed that there was a significant difference between the treatments in terms of plant height( 105.38cm),leaf area index(4.26), crop growth rate (3.55),effective tillers m-2(374.25), tiller panicle conversion index (94.93%), panicle length (25.31cm), panicle weight (4.25g), fertility (82.35%), yield at 14% moisture (5.79t/ha), straw yield (7.96t/ha), net and gross revenues (Rs122503.1 and Rs272337/ha), B:C ratio (1.81), partial factor productivity(0.958) and total factor productivity (0.091).The grain yield increased by 37.62% in NE-Rice recommendation over the FFP, more than the NE estimated attainable yields (5.5t/ha) that signified further validation of Nutrient Expert –Rice Model under the mid-hill agro-ecological region of central Nepal.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(3): 232-237
Assessment on the Characterization of Mineralogical Phase of Ceramic Tiles Available in Kathmandu Valley (Nepal) Using XRD and FTIR Analyses
Authors: Budhathoki Pramod , Paudyal Gopal , Oli Rishiram , Duwal Nirjan , Bhattarai Jagadeesh
Published: October 2018

The mineralogical phase of eight different types of contemporary and historical ceramic tile samples used in Kathmandu valley of Nepal was analyzed using their X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra to assess their quality. Mineralogical phases existed in these eight different tile samples, i. e., three wall, three floor and two ancient tile sample specimens, used in this study are identified as quartz, feldspars, spinel, mullite and hematite including paragonite with the help of the corresponding Joint Committee for Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS) database files. The firing temperature applied during the time of these ceramic tiles production should be 1000° C or slightly more. The mineralogical compositions of the contemporary tile samples are found to be comparable with those of the ancient brick samples of the historical temples and monuments of Kathmandu valley of Nepal.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(3): 238-243
Single and Synergistic Effects of Solar Radiation, Water guard and Moringa oleifera Treatments on Bacterial Loads and Physicochemical Parameters of Surface Water in Umur and Bele Streams of Benue State
Authors: Gberikon G.M. , Adeoti I.I. , Ogbonna I.O.
Published: October 2018

Bacteriological profiles of surface water samples treated with solar radiation, Moringa oleifera powder and water guard was carried out to ascertain their effectiveness in water treatment. Bacterial loads of the surface water collected from Umur and Bele streams in Gwer East Local Government area samples were determined before and after treatments and characterised using biochemical and molecular methods. Single and synergistic effects of these treatments on water quality were also examined. Bacteriological analysis showed that Umur stream had the highest bacterial loads of 4.47 x 103 cfu/mL while Bele had the lowest counts. There was significant reduction in the mean viable counts recorded for all the water samples (p ˂ 0.05). In the daily bacteria counts, the control water samples gave extremes values. There were no bacteria count recorded following combine treatment in water samples from Bele stream on the fifth day. Molecular analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed bacterial strains to be phylogenetically close to bacterial strains which are capable of causing infectious diseases to man. Normal pH values were recorded in Umur stream while low pH values were recorded in Bele streams. Treatment impacted significantly on the pH of the water samples from Umur stream (p ˂ 0.05) while no significant difference was observed with water samples from Bele stream (p > 0.05). Treatment impacted significantly on turbidity in water sample from Umur stream (p ˂ 0.05). Sulphate was found to be within the permissible limit except for water sample from Bele stream which gave mean values within the range of 51.00 to 68.00 mg/L. Treatments impacted no significant difference on sulphate (p > 0.05). Surface water in these rural areas should be thoroughly treated before use. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(3): 244-251
Fertility Improvement by Ovsynch Protocol in Repeat Breeder Cattle of Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Karki Bikalpa , Raut Rabin , Sankhi Krishna Prasad , Mandal Umesh , Gautam Gokarna
Published: October 2018

Repeat breeders cause substantial loss in dairy herds mainly affecting the reproductive efficiency and economy of milk production in cattle and buffaloes. A study was conducted in cattle farms of various farmers of three districts of Central Region of Nepal; Kathmandu, Bhaktapur and Lalitpur during March-August 2016. A total of 20 repeat breeder cows were selected for the trial. Repeat breeder cows were identified based on the history of at least three repeated breeding at an interval of around three weeks. We applied Ovsynch protocol where two reproductive hormones; Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) and Prostaglandin (PGF2α) were injected. Pregnancy was initially diagnosed by Biopryn Test kit using serum samples. Rectal examination confirmed pregnancy after 2 months of artificial insemination (AI). 16 cows expressed clear estrus signs during fixed time AI. 5 (83.3%) out of 6 cows with cystic ovary expressed estrus at the time of fixed time AI. 4 (66.7%) of these cows became pregnant.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(3): 261-264
Response of Different Doses of Nitrogen on Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) in Lamjung District
Authors: Bika Ravi , Bhandari Nirajan , Khanal Amit
Published: October 2018

The study was carried out to examine the optimum dose of Nitrogen on Broccoli in Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Lamjung Campus during Sept, 2015- Jan, 2016. Six treatment Viz. 50, 100,150,200, 250, 300 kg/ha of Nitrogen with same level of P and k (160:100 kg/ha) and FYM (20 t/ha) were used in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Effect of treatments on plant height, leaf area and head weight plant-1, yield ha-1 were significant and other parameters (leaf number, SPAD reading, plant spreading) were not affected by the treatments. Treatment that received 300 kg N ha-1 gave the maximum yield ha-1 (14.77 ton) which was followed by treatment that received 250 kg N ha-1 (10.60 ton), 200 kg N ha-1 (8.11 ton), 150 kg N ha-1 (7.432 ton), 100 kg N ha-1 (5.96 ton) and 50 kg ha-1 (4.24 ton). Treatments 250 kg N ha-1, 200 kg N ha-1, 150 kg N ha-1 and 100 kg N ha-1 were statistically at par while 50 kg produced the least yield ha-1. Application of 300 kg N ha-1 gave the higher result with respect to plant height (17.75 cm), leaf area (699.32 cm2), leaf number (7.77), SPAD reading (68.71), plant spreading (70.21 cm), compared to other treatments while minimum result obtained from application of 50 kg N ha-1. Hence, we can conclude that the total head production increased with increased N Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(3): 270-273
Effects of ketamine and ketamine with midazolam on emergence agitation in children following sevoflurane anesthesia
Authors: Sharma Achyut , Rana Resham Bahadur
Published: October 2018

Background : Emergence agitation is a distressful phenomenon associated with inhalational agents such as Sevoflurane in short surgical procedures. Various drugs have been used in the past but some come at the cost of increased complications. We aim to study the effects of ketamine alone and ketamine with midazolam on emergence agitation and their effects on recovery and discharge times.Methods: We conducted a prospective randomized controlled trial among 94 patients aged two to ten years presenting for ophthalmic surgeries in which 45 patients were allocated to each group: group K (Ketamine) and group KM (Ketamine with Midazolam). Group K received Ketamine 0.3 mg/kg IV and Group KM received Ketamine 0.3 mg/kg IV and Midazolam 0.03 mg/kg IV. Intraoperatively heart rate and post-operatively emergence agitation, recovery times, discharge times were studied.Results: Demographic variables were comparable between the two groups. Median Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) score of 6 with IQR (4-6) in group K was comparable to the median score of 5 with IQR (4-6) in group KM. The mean recovery time of 22}4.82 min in group K was significantly lower compared to the mean time of 25.75}3.32 min in group KM. Mean time to discharge of 67}11 min from the hospital in group K was significantly shorter compared to that in group KM (108}18 mins).Conclusion: We concluded from our study that ketamine alone is as effective as ketamine with midazolam in reducing the emergence agitation following Sevoflurane anesthesia for ophthalmic surgery. Journal of Society of Anesthesiologists of NepalVol. 4, No. 2, 2017, page: 57-65
Ketamine with Midazolam and Ketamine alone as oral premedication in children: a randomized trial
Authors: Thakur Jaya Prakash , Rana Resham Bahadur , Pokharel Abhay
Published: October 2018

Background: Fear of operation, injections, physicians and peculiar operation theatre environment where children are separated from their parents prior to anesthesia invariably produce traumatic experiences in tender mind of young children. Midazolam and Ketamine are useful for oral premedication in children to allay anxiety, allow separation from parents and to ensure smooth induction.Methodology: It was a prospective, randomized, double-blinded and comparative study conducted in 80 children of ASA I and II aged 1-6years undergoing elective ophthalmological procedures under general anesthesia. Children were randomized and divided into two groups, K received 4mg/kg of Ketamine and MK received 0.2mg/kg of Midazolam+2mg/kg of Ketamine peroral. Sedation level, ease of parental separation and ease of mask acceptance were evaluated within 20-30 minutes on a 4-point scale. The time to achieve modified Aldrete score of ≥9 was also noted.Results: Two groups were identical regarding age, sex, weight and ASA status. In sedation score, 31(77.5%) children in group K and 35(87.5%) children in group MK were awake, calm and quite (score3)(p=0.50). In parental separation score, 34(85%) children in group MK and 25(62.5%) children in group K have good separation, awake and calm (score2) (p=0.04). In mask acceptance score, 34(85%) children in group MK and 17(42.5%) children in group K were calm, awake, cooperative, accepting Mask (score1)(p=0.001). Time of recovery in group K was 17.92}6.50min whereas in group MK was 17.80}4.059min(p=0.91).Conclusion: Ketamine 4mg/kg and combination of Midazolam 0.2mg/kg with Ketamine 2mg/kg are equally effective but low dose combination is safe and superior. Journal of Society of Anesthesiologists of NepalVol. 4, No. 2, 2017, Page: 66-73
Coiling of shaft of the central venous catheter inside left subclavian vein- a case report
Authors: Rajbanshi Lalit Kumar , Karki Shambhu Bahadur , Arjyal Batsalya
Published: October 2018

Central venous catheterization is one of the common procedures used for gaining vascular access for various indications. Sometimes, the catheter can take unusual course inside the vein that can lead to erroneous pressure measurement, increase the risk of thrombosis or trauma to the vessel. Any resistance during insertion of the guide wire or catheter and absence of blood aspiration are some alarming signs that help to detect malposition at the earliest moment. We report a case of coiling of the shaft of the central venous catheter inside left sublacvian vein in a patient with head injury. Technical expertise, sound knowledge of anatomical landmarks and use of real time ultrasound can minimize malposition of the catheter. We suggest at any moment if there is resistance during insertion of guide wire or catheter or if there is absence of blood aspiration from any of the lumen, the catheter should be removed immediately suspecting malposition.Journal of Society of Anesthesiologists of NepalVol. 4, No. 2, 2017, page: 87-90
Anesthetic management for a cesarean section in a parturient with huge vulvar and lower limbs elephantiasis: a case report
Authors: Sethi Surendra Kumar , Jain Kavita , Jain Neena , Yadav Sohan Lal
Published: October 2018

Elephantiasis is caused by accumulation of lymph in soft tissues due to long standing lymphatic obstruction. Elephantiasis of female external genitalia is very rare and its association with limb elephantiasis is also quite very rare. A 20 years old, primigravida patient with 38 weeks’ gestation presented with massive swelling of lower limbs along with vulvar edema posted for emergency cesarean section diagnosed as elephantiasis of lower limbs and vulva which is usually rare and has not been reported yet. Elephantiasis in pregnancy poses difficulty for an anesthesiologist while providing neuraxial anesthesia to such a patient. We report the anesthetic management of a primigravida patient with both vulvar and lower limbs elephantiasis posted for emergency cesarean section.Journal of Society of Anesthesiologists of NepalVol. 4, No. 2, 2017, Page: 91-93
The Impact of Map Type on the Level of Student Map Skills
Authors: Havelková Lenka , Hanus Martin
Published: October 2018

Thematic maps are becoming increasingly important in the current information age, and therefore they have become part of the everyday life of the wider public. Given the number of mapping methods used in thematic cartography, the question arises of what extent the utilized method influences a user’s map use level. For this reason, research has been undertaken with 392 students in the 17–20 age group with the aim of identifying and clarifying the influence of the mapping methods used (specifically choropleth mapping, diagram mapping, qualitative and quantitative line symbols, and area shading). The results have shown that the students were less successful with maps that used quantitative mapping methods than with maps using qualitative or both qualitative and quantitative mapping methods. The differences were most significant in the case of the cognitively demanding map interpretation skill, especially due to the students’ problematic understanding of the very essence of the quantitative methods. The different natures of the tested mapping methods also probably accounted for the identification of various factors explaining the differences in the levels of the work with the given thematic maps among the individual tested students.
Síndrome de De Morsier
Authors: Robledo Querol Katia , Bilbao González Katya , Izquierdo Torres Yesenia , Morales Bilbao Roselí , González González Beatriz , Hernández Pérez Manuel Alejandro
Published: October 2018

El síndrome de De Morsier o displasia septo-óptica (DSO), fue descrito por De Morsier en 1956, quien reconoció la asociación entre la agenesia o hipoplasia del septum pellucidum e hipoplasia del nervio óptico, quiasma y tractos ópticos. Se puede asociar a disfunción hipotálamo-hipofisaria. La forma de presentación es esporádica y los casos familiares son raros, aunque se ha postulado la posibilidad de herencia autosómica recesiva. El cuadro neurológico asociado al síndrome es variable. Se presenta en algunos pacientes con inteligencia normal y sin déficit neurológico. Los trastornos del aprendizaje y el retraso mental están relacionados con las anomalías del septum pellucidum. Las convulsiones son las manifestaciones descritas con frecuencia. Como objetivo tenemos el de identificar síntomas y signos del síndrome de De Morsier en niña guatemalteca de seis años. La paciente es una niña  mestiza, de seis años, antecedentes de distrofia muscular progresiva paterna, acude a consulta por nistagmo, estrabismo, tortícolis compensadora y retardo del neurodesarrollo, con un incremento ponderal correcto, en el examen físico encontramos telangiectasias palpebrales, nistagmo vertical-horizontal, desviación de la cabeza al lado izquierdo. Fondo de ojo: Palidez temporal acentuada de ambos discos, atrofia macular, sin brillo foveal, tortuosidad venosa generalizada. Hipoplasia del nervio óptico. En tomografía axial computadorizada se observa ausencia de septum pellucidum. La distrofia muscular progresiva y el Síndrome de De Morsier  tienen una baja incidencia en la población, por lo que la presencia de las mismas en padre e hija debe ser señalada, no se tiene explicación para justificar el hallazgo, no se han encontrado reportes previos en la literatura que lo señalen.
Size, Value and Momentum in Pakistan Equity Market: Size and Liquidity Exposures
Authors: Bangash Romana , Khan Faisal , Jabeen Zohra
Published: October 2018

The study inspects the size and liquidity pattern in Pakistan equity market. Sample size contains 278 non-financial firm's monthly data listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) from 2001 to 2012. This study uses three asset pricing models (eq.5), (eq.6) and (eq.7). Four factors asset pricing model estimates that momentum factor is positively and negatively linked with winner and loser stocks, both in size and liquidity patterns. Although it is observed that the presence of size and liquidity does not affect the coefficient results but average value of momentum premium in larger in liquidity than size pattern. Further, the study reveals high average stock returns on momentum strategy in liquidity pattern than size that is 8.05% Vs 6.67%, respectively. Results of this study contradicts Fama and French (2012) who concluded that size pattern in momentum factor outperform the equity market. But this study conclude that liquidity pattern outperforms the size pattern in momentum factor. This study raises the question that should investors and academicians consider size or liquidity pattern in momentum factor for high returns and future research?
Awake craniotomy for a cavernous angioma in the Broca’s area
Authors: Albuquerque Lucas Alverne F. , Pessoa Fátima C. , Diógenes Gabryella S. , Borges Felipe S. , Araújo Filho Stélio C.
Published: October 2018

Cavernous angiomas constitute 5%–10% of cerebrovascular malformations and may cause seizure and neurological deficits from bleeding.4 The authors present a case of a 44-year-old man with a 3.5-year history of epilepsy without complete seizure control despite anticonvulsants. Brain MRI showed a 2.8 cm cavernous angioma at the left pars opercularis, also known as the Broca’s area.3 The patient underwent an awake craniotomy for intraoperative cortical–subcortical language and sensory-motor mapping for a complete resection of the cavernous angioma and the hemosiderin rim.1–6 The procedure was uneventful, and the patient evolved seizure free and with no deficits.

The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/QajbLIsr_vg.
Mapping of the internal capsule with subcortical stimulation for gross-total resection of a thalamic metastatic tumor
Authors: Sayyahmelli Sima , Aydin Ilhan , Wheeler Bryan , Baskaya Mustafa K.
Published: October 2018

Although the surgical treatment of thalamic tumors remains challenging due to the proximity to the internal capsule, safe resection of gliomas or metastatic tumors of the thalamus are possible in some selected cases due to a better understanding of microsurgical anatomy and due to advances in neurophysiological mapping and monitoring.

In this video, the authors demonstrate the use of mapping of the internal capsule with direct subcortical stimulation for the resection of a metastatic tumor. The patient is a 58-year-old man with a history of renal cell carcinoma and metastasis in the left thalamus and parieto-occipital region. He underwent stereotactic radiation of both tumors at an outside hospital. Due to the increased size of both tumors and surrounding vasogenic edema, he was referred to the authors for resection. He underwent gross-total resection via an interhemispheric transcallosal approach. His postoperative course was uneventful and did not have any focal neurological deficits, including motor, sensory, or visual functions.

The authors’ surgical approach to this metastatic thalamic tumor and the intraoperative real-time direct subcortical stimulation of the internal capsule during surgery are demonstrated in this video.

The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/DmDxjJUSZWU.
Surgical treatment of epilepsy in Vietnam: program development and international collaboration
Authors: Rocque Brandon G. , Davis Matthew C. , McClugage Samuel G. , Tuan Dang Anh , King Donald T. , Huong Nguyen Thi , Thi Bich Van Nguyen , Kankirawatana Pongkiat , Vu Hung Cao , Nam Thang Le , Johnston James M. , Duc Lien Nguyen
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this report was to describe an international collaboration model to facilitate the surgical treatment of children with epilepsy in Vietnam.

METHODS

This model uses three complementary methods to achieve a meaningful expansion in epilepsy surgery capacity: US-based providers visiting Hanoi, Vietnam; Vietnamese providers visiting the US; and ongoing telecollaboration, including case review and real-time mentorship using internet-based communication platforms.

RESULTS

Introductions took place during a US neurosurgeon’s visit to Vietnam in 2014. Given the Vietnamese surgeon’s expertise in intraventricular tumor surgery, the focus of the initial visit was corpus callosotomy. After two operations performed jointly, the Vietnamese surgeon went on to perform 10 more callosotomy procedures in the ensuing 6 months with excellent results. The collaborative work grew and matured in 2016–2017, with 40 pediatric epilepsy surgeries performed from 2015 through 2017. Because pediatric epilepsy care requires far more than neurosurgery, teams traveling to Vietnam included a pediatric neurologist and an electroencephalography (EEG) technologist. Also, in 2016–2017, a neurosurgeon, two neurologists, and an EEG nurse from Vietnam completed 2- to 3-month fellowships at Children’s of Alabama (COA) in the US. These experiences improved EEG capabilities and facilitated the development of intraoperative electrocorticography (ECoG), making nonlesional epilepsy treatment more feasible. The final component has been ongoing, i.e., regular communication. The Vietnamese team regularly sends case summaries for discussion to the COA epilepsy conference. Three patients in Vietnam have undergone resection guided by ECoG without the US team present, although there was communication via internet-based telecollaboration tools between Vietnamese and US EEG technologists. To date, two of these three patients remain seizure free. The Vietnamese team has presented the results of their epilepsy experience at two international functional and epilepsy surgery scientific meetings.

CONCLUSIONS

Ongoing international collaboration has improved the surgical care of epilepsy in Vietnam. Experience suggests that the combination of in-country and US-based training, augmented by long-distance telecollaboration, is an effective paradigm for increasing the capacity for highly subspecialized, multidisciplinary neurosurgical care.
Socioeconomic restraints and brain tumor surgery in low-income countries
Authors: Helal Ahmed E. , Abouzahra Heba , Fayed Ahmed Abdelaziz , Rayan Tarek , Abbassy Mahmoud
Published: October 2018

Healthcare spending has become a grave concern to national budgets worldwide, and to a greater extent in low-income countries. Brain tumors are a serious disease that affects a significant percentage of the population, and thus proper allocation of healthcare provisions for these patients to achieve acceptable outcomes is a must.

The authors reviewed patients undergoing craniotomy for tumor resection at their institution for the preceding 3 months. All the methods used for preoperative planning, intraoperative management, and postoperative care of these patients were documented. Compromises to limit spending were made at each stage to limit expenditure, including low-resolution MRI, sparse use of intraoperative monitoring and image guidance, and lack of dedicated postoperative neurocritical ICU.

This study included a cohort of 193 patients. The average cost from diagnosis to discharge was $1795 per patient (costs are expressed in USD). On average, there was a mortality rate of 10.5% and a neurological morbidity rate of 14%, of whom only 82.2% improved on discharge or at follow-up. The average length of stay at the hospital for these patients was 9.09 days, with a surgical site infection rate of only 3.5%.

The authors believe that despite the great number of financial limitations facing neurosurgical practice in low-income countries, surgery can still be performed with reasonable outcomes.
Trends in neurosurgical care in Western Uganda: an interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Abdelgadir Jihad , Elahi Cyrus , Corley Jacquelyn , Wall Kevin C. , Najjuma Josephine N. , Muhindo Alex , Nickenig Vissoci Joao Ricardo , Haglund Michael M. , Kitya David
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVE

In addition to the rising burden of surgical disease globally, infrastructure and human resources for health remain a great challenge for low- and middle-income countries, especially in Uganda. In this study, the authors aim to explore the trends of neurosurgical care at a regional referral hospital in Uganda and assess the long-term impact of the institutional collaboration between Mulago National Referral Hospital and Duke University.

METHODS

An interrupted time series is a quasi-experimental design used to evaluate the effects of an intervention on longitudinal data. The authors applied this design to evaluate the trends in monthly mortality rates for neurosurgery patients at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH) from March 2013 to October 2015. They used segmented regression and autoregressive integrated moving average models for the analysis.

RESULTS

Over the study timeframe, MRRH experienced significant increases in referrals received (from 117 in 2013 to 211 in 2015), neurosurgery patients treated (from 337 in 2013 to 625 in 2015), and operations performed (from 61 in 2013 to 173 in 2015). Despite increasing patient volumes, the hospital achieved a significant reduction in hospital mortality during 2015 compared to prior years (p value = 0.0039).

CONCLUSIONS

This interrupted time series analysis study showed improving trends of neurosurgical care in Western Uganda. There is a steady increase in volume accompanied by a sharp decrease in mortality through the years. Multiple factors are implicated in the significant increase in volume and decrease in mortality, including the addition of a part-time neurosurgeon, improvement in infrastructure, and increased experience. Further in-depth prospective studies exploring seasonality and long-term outcomes are warranted.
Challenges and opportunities for effective data collection in global neurosurgery: traumatic brain injury surveillance experience in Malawi
Authors: Quinsey Carolyn , Eaton Jessica , Northam Weston , Gilleskie Matt , Charles Anthony , Hadar Eldad
Published: October 2018

Global health research can transform clinical and surgical practice worldwide. Partnerships between US academic centers and hospitals in low- and middle-income counties can improve clinical care at the host institution hospital and give the visiting institution access to a large volume of valuable research data. Recognizing the value of these partnerships, the University of North Carolina (UNC) formed a partnership with Kamuzu Central Hospital (KCH) in Lilongwe, Malawi.

The Department of Neurosurgery joined the partnership with KCH and designed a Head Trauma Surveillance Registry. The success of this registry depended on the development of methods to accurately collect head injury data at KCH. Since medical record documentation is often unreliable in this setting, data collection teams were implemented to capture data from head trauma patients on a 24-hours-a-day, 7-days-a-week basis. As data collection improved, pilot groups tested methods to collect new variables and the registry expanded. UNC provided onsite and remote oversight to strengthen the accuracy of the data.

Data accuracy still remains a hurdle in global research. Data collection teams, oversight from UNC, pilot group testing, and meaningful collaboration with local physicians improved the accuracy of the head trauma registry. Overall, these methods helped create a more accurate epidemiological and outcomes-centered analysis of brain injury patients at KCH to date.