bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three Positive Solutions for Boundary Value Problem of Fractional q-Differential Equation
Authors: Luo Yaoyao
Published: December 2019

In this paper, we study the boundary value problem of a Riemann-Liouville fractional q-difference equation. By applying the Leggett-Williams fixed point theorem and the properties of the Green’s function, three positive solutions are obtained.
The Role of Trans-Disciplinary Research in Sustainable Renovation
Authors: Mjörnell Kristina
Published: December 2019

The paper discusses the role of trans-disciplinary research networks tackling the challenges of sustainable renovation such as; environmental impact of substitute building materials and waste, relocation of tenants, lack of skilled labor, rent increase due to high renovation costs, and provides a detailed perspective on the effects in terms of both new forms of collaboration and research results obtained by the researchers and practitioners within the network. The research network Sustainable Integrated Renovation SIRen has become a platform for researchers and actors such as building owners, housing companies, facility managers, contractors, consultants, architects, building conservationists, authorities and tenants’ organisations to meet and work together on technical, environmental, economic, social and cultural historical aspects on renovation of buildings, as well as to identify and discuss new challenges. A multi-aspect process covering all aspects that must be considered by the various actors during different stages of the renovation process has been developed and implemented in four ‘Living Labs’ in real renovation projects. This involved using new modes of work in early stages to place the focus on sustainability aspects and work on new dialogue methods and using methods to evaluate the various renovation options based on technical, environmental, economic, social and cultural historical perspectives.
Expressões emocionais entre bebês na creche: Revisão sistemática da literatura
Authors: Dentz Marisa von , Amorim Katia de Souza
Published: December 2019

O artigo apresenta revisão sistemática sobre a expressividade emocional entre pares de bebês de creche. Aquela foi conduzida através de diversas bases de dados (Scielo, PePSIC, LILACS, PsycINFO e ERIC), pelo cruzamento das palavras-chave bebê($), baby, infant development, interação, social interaction, emoção, facial expression, emotion, creche, day care e nursery, sendo resgatados 24 artigos indexados. A maioria dos trabalhos são empíricos, de perspectiva qualitativa, reconhecendo as expressividades emocionais dos bebês exclusivamente na face e na sua relação com adultos. Dentre as conclusões, destaca-se a importância de trabalhos que acompanhem longitudinalmente as interações de pares de bebês, considerando toda a corporeidade da criança não apenas a face. Sob a hipótese de que há uma riqueza de expressividades emocionais nas interações de bebês em creche, já no primeiro ano de vida, aponta-se para a relevância de estudos futuros sobre esta temática investigativa.
O Paradoxo da Institucionalização Infantil: Proteção ou Risco?
Authors: Parra Ana Carolina de Oliveira , Oliveira Jaqueline Alves de , Maturana Ana Paula Moraes
Published: December 2019

Desde meados do século XX, ganhou destaque o debate acerca dos efeitos da institucionalização de crianças. O abrigo adquire relação paradoxal entre proteção e risco, podendo ser facilitador ou dificultador para o desenvolvimento de crianças acolhidas. Assim, os objetivos do trabalho foram: identificar possíveis fatores de risco e de proteção e analisar a produção científica sobre a institucionalização infantil. Como método, realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica utilizando os descritores: abrigo; institucionalização infantil; fatores de risco e fatores de proteção; abrigamento prolongado; vínculo, apego, abrigo. Foram consideradas publicações dos últimos quinze anos. Como resultado, onze trabalhados foram selecionados. As produções analisadas apontaram que embora o abrigo seja um local para acolhimento, assistência e proteção, deve-se estar atento aos fatores de risco e os impactos negativos da institucionalização. Conclui-se que a institucionalização se faz necessária em alguns casos, devendo ocorrer com qualidade e responsabilidade junto às famílias e com o respaldo de políticas públicas.Palavras-chave: Institucionalização infantil; Abrigo; Risco; Proteção.
Tramas da Psicologia da Saúde no Brasil: uma análise com ferramentas da Teoria Ator-Rede
Authors: Machado Maria Eugênia Costa , Kind Luciana
Published: December 2019

Esse artigo apresenta um estudo sobre a constituição da Psicologia da Saúde no Brasil por meio de ferramentas teórico-metodológicas da Teoria Ator-Rede. Como recurso metodológico, foram investigados os programas de pós-graduação no Brasil em Psicologia da Saúde e a Associação Brasileira de Psicologia da Saúde. Buscou-se, ainda, apresentar e discutir o modo como a Psicologia da Saúde aparece nas produções desenvolvidas nos programas de pós-graduação. O estudo mostra que a Psicologia da Saúde no Brasil tem se configurado como subcampo. Nos diferentes lugares investigados por essa pesquisa foram encontradas formas distintas de configuração da Psicologia da Saúde, as quais estão permeadas de controvérsias, debates e disputas. O estudo evidencia pontos de convergências que sinalizam para uma singularidade, em especial a questão da interdisciplinaridade, a busca do status de cientificidade, a construção de redes de associações e o enfoque na prevenção e promoção da saúde.
O sentimento de culpa em Freud: entre a angústia e o desejo.
Authors: Gonçalves Davidson Sepini
Published: December 2019

O sentimento de culpa foi tratado por Freud com grande propriedade. Destacado como o grande problema do desenvolvimento da civilização e como atributo do inconsciente que se articula com a angústia, a culpa parece estar verdadeiramente presente na estrutura do desejo humano. Ela se manifesta de múltiplas formas, que vão do remorso – o próprio Freud menciona o remorso que sentiu pela morte do irmão – à neurose, tornando-se um problema de difícil solução. Este artigo pretende pensar a culpa em Freud a partir do Complexo de Édipo, visto aqui como fonte desse sentimento e posteriormente na formação do supereu, momento em que se aproximam culpa e angústia. Sem a pretensão de esgotar o assunto, espera contribuir para o entendimento desse importante sentimento que frequentemente aflora na clínica psicanalítica.
Teoria Crítica e Transdisciplinaridade: uma aposta no projeto emancipatório
Authors: Moreira Jacqueline de Oliveira , Rena Ana Claúdia Castello Branco , Bolaños Diego Fernando , Oliveira Lucas Caetano Pereira de
Published: December 2019

O presente texto busca abordar os fundamentos da transdisciplinaridade no contexto de uma pesquisa desenvolvida em um ambiente que reúne sociólogos e psicólogos para trabalhar a questão da criminalidade, que convoca a juventude pobre e, com muita frequência, negra. “O Manifesto da Transdisciplinaridade”, escrito por Basarab Nicolescu, em 1999, base desta discussão, propõe uma nova posição dos homens em relação aos outros homens e à natureza. Assim, buscamos localizar a vertente filosófica que possibilitou este salto de uma ciência disciplinar descritiva para uma ciência implicada com a prática, ultrapassando as falsas dualidades e buscando produzir conhecimento a partir da lógica da complexidade.
Sobre a transdisciplinaridade em ato na pesquisa científica: aspectos metodológicos para discussão acerca da investigação sobre “curso de vida e trajetória delinquencial de jovens e adolescentes”
Authors: Guerra Andréa Máris Campos , Marinho Frederico Couto , Silva Ana Carolina Dias , Lelles Ana Luiza Xavier
Published: December 2019

Apresentamos uma discussão epistemológica, ontológica e metodológica a respeito da transdisciplinaridade a partir de investigação sobre curso de vida e trajetória delinquencial de jovens e adolescentes no município de Belo Horizonte. Partimos de uma análise da estrutura de mudança e da relação de saber e poder entre as disciplinas envolvidas, tais que, psicanálise, sociologia e educação. Três aspectos relevantes foram levantados após breve construção teórica e apresentação da pesquisa: a transdisciplinaridade enquanto discussão teórica; a transdisciplinaridade em ato; a análise da implicação. A discussão conduzida no artigo leva à apresentação de três instrumentos metodológicos, construídos no percurso transdisciplinar que segue a pesquisa: narrativas memorialísticas, questionários e Planos Individuais de Atendimento (PIAs).
Interpretação clínica dos subtestes de compreensão verbal no WISC-IV. Algumas hipóteses metapsicologicas preliminares.
Authors: Cantú Gustavo Alejandro
Published: December 2019

Este artigo propõe-se a analisar as formas de funcionamento psíquico requeridas e postas em jogo nos subtestes verbais do WISC-IV, para conceitualizar metapsicologicamente os processos psíquicos envolvidos na produção do sujeito em sua relação com os objetos culturais.Para estudar esses processos foi aplicado a cada um dos subtestes o esquema de análise da produção simbólica proposto por Schlemenson (2009). As hipóteses foram construídas por um lado a partir da análise das tarefas envolvidas em cada subteste, e por outro a partir do estudo aprofundado de casos clínicos e sua interpretação do ponto de vista psicanalítico.A análise das modalidades singulares de resposta a cada subteste permitiu elaborar hipóteses para a compreensão das precondições psíquicas para a resolução das tarefas específicas de cada subteste e das diferenças intraindividuais na produção.
Motív transformácie ľudskej figúry v arcinaratívoch ako rezíduum rituálov prechodu
Authors: Danišová Nikola
Published: December 2019

V predloženom príspevku sa na transkultúrnej a transžánrovej vzorke starobylých textov(mýty, čarovné klasické rozprávky, eposy a pod.) pokúsime preskúmať rozprávkovo-mytologický motív transformácie fiktívneho hrdinu v súvislosti s mytologicko-náboženskýmmyslením človeka. Prednostne sa pritom sústredíme na analogický vzťah transformácie ainiciačného (Propp, Eliade, Campbell) rituálu, resp. procesu individualizácie (Jung,Bettelheim, von France).
Ampliação da área ocorrência de Drosophila suzukii (Diptera, Drosophilidae) em Santa Catarina, Brasil
Authors: Zazycki Luiza Cristiane Fialho , Vargas Julia Patricia , Bonfim Vanessa Santana , Garcia Flávio Roberto Mello
Published: December 2019

A drosófila-de-asa-manchada possui elevada importância econômica por danificar frutos de epicarpo delgado os quais possuem elevado valor comercial agregado, principalmente para o consumo in natura. Os relatos da praga mostram que ela está distribuída em diferentes locais estados do Brasil (Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Paraná, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Distrito Federal e Minas Gerais). Nosso estudo teve como objetivo ampliar a área de ocorrência da espécie na região Serrana de Santa Catarina. Para o monitoramento de sua ocorrência foram utilizadas armadilhas tipo PET, iscadas com vinagre de maçã em um cultivo orgânico de morango conduzido em sistema semi-hidropônico no município de Frei Rogério. As armadilhas monitoraram 8.600 plantas durante dez dias e o material coletado foi avaliado em microscópio estereoscópico.  Foram coletados diversos insetos de Drosophilidae e destes, noventa e oito fêmeas e quatro machos de Drosophila suzukii revelando assim a presença da praga na região Serrana de Santa Catarina.
Quality attributes for processing potato clones of purple-fleshed in Peru
Authors: Tirado Lara Roberto , Tirado Malaver Roberto Hugo
Published: December 2019

There is an increase in the demand and consumption of potato crisps and french chips in Peru. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the industrial quality parameters of the physical and chemical characteristics of 17 advanced potato clones with purple pulp and select the clones with the best responses to the attributes of quality for industrial processing in Cajamarca, Peru. The results showed that the clones exhibited acceptable physical characteristics (tuber shape, depth of the eye, skin color, and color of the pulp) for processing, including the Amarilis variety. In addition, the clones reported tuber sizes within the recommended range for chips (40-60 mm) and french fries (≤ 45 mm). Clone CIP302306.19 produced the highest content of dry matter of the tuber (28.60%) and specific gravity (1,106 g cm-3), with low levels of reducing sugars (0.062%) and an acceptable range for the processing of the chips, while the lowest dry matter content (19.39%) and specific gravity (1.072 g cm-3), were reported by clone CIP302290.11. Most of the clones produced tubers with a dry matter content greater than 20% and a specific gravity greater than 0.080 g cm-3, in addition to low levels of reducing sugars, and they are within the acceptable range for chip processing. The study indicated that the tested clones could potentially be used for chip production because of their significant effects on processing parameters.
Canadian SMES in the Tourism Sector: A Taxonomy of Owner-Managers
Authors: Ibanescu Mihai , Chirita Gabriel M. , Keen Christian , Cisneros Luis
Published: December 2019

In the tourism sector, owner-managers have distinct characteristics. SMEs face unique challenges for growth. This study explores the characteristics of Canadian owner-managers of tourism SMEs. We conducted a research based on focus groups and questionnaires. We developed a method of classifying these owner-managers considering their propensity to invest and renew their offerings and the evolution of their firms in terms of profits. A two-step multidimensional cluster analysis gives us six categories of owner-managers: Lifestyles, Procrastinators, Harvesters, Gamblers, Strugglers, and Performers. We explain these categories and discuss recommendations.
Transvenous Embolization of Dural Carotid Cavernous Fistula through the Supraorbital Vein
Authors: Han Woong , Kim Jae Hoon , Kang Hee In , Kim Deok Ryeong , Moon Byung Gwan , Kim Joo Seung
Published: December 2019

We describe a case of transvenous embolization through the dilated supraorbital vein to treat a dural carotid cavernous fistula. The approach through the common facial vein or direct access of the superior ophthalmic vein is a commonly used route to the superior ophthalmic vein when the approach via the inferior petrosal sinus is unavailable. In rare cases, the dilated supraorbital vein provides an alternative route and we discuss the technical details.
Long-term Prognosis of Patients Who Contraindicated for Intravenous Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Lee Bo-Yeon , Oh Jae-Sang , Yoon Seok-Mann
Published: December 2019

Background

As intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) has very restricted inclusion criteria, eligible patients of IVT constitute a very small proportion and studies about their mortality are rare. The long-term mortality in a patients with contraindication of ineligible patients of IVT still under the debate. So, we investigated the proportion of patients with contraindication of IVT and the short and long-term mortality of them in AIS on emergency department comparing with the long-term effect of IVT in patients with moderate-to-severe stroke.

Methods

Using acute stroke assessment indication registry & Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database, a total of 5,407 patients with NIHSS≥5 were selected from a total of 169 acute stroke care hospital nationwide during October-December 2011 and March-June 2013. We divided AIS patients into two groups: 1) IVT group who received IVT within 4.5 hours, and 2) non-IVT group who did not receive the IVT because of contraindications. And we divided the subgroups according to the reason of contraindication of IVT. The 5-year survival rate of each group was assessed using Kaplan-Meyer survival analysis.

Results

Of the 5,407 patients, a total of 1,027 (19%) patients who received IVT using r-tPA within 4.5 h after onset. Compared with the IVT group, hazard ratios of non-IVT group were 1.33 at 3 months, 1.53 at 1 year and 1.47 at 5 years (p<.001). A total of 4,380 patients did not receive IVT because of the following contraindications to IVT. 1) Time restriction: 3,378 (77.1 %) patients were admitted after 4.5 h following stroke onset, and 144 (3.3%) patients failed to determine the stroke onset time. 2) Mild symptoms:137 (3.1%) patients had rapid improvement or mild stroke on emergency room, 3) Bleeding diathesis or non-adjustable hypertension: 53 (1.2%) patients showed a bleeding tendency or severe hypertension. Compared with the IVT group, the subgroups of non-IVT group showed consistently high mortality during short and long term follow up. Mild symptom and bleeding diathesis or non-adjustable hypertension subgroup in the non-IVT group consistently showed the higher mortality than time restriction subgroup during the short and long-term follow-up (log-rank p<.001). Patients who had rapid improvement or mild stroke on emergency department had the higher mortality than time restriction group in short and long term follow up.

Conclusion

The AIS patients with rapid improvement or mild stroke on emergency room had higher mortality than ineligible patients of IVT due to time restriction during the short and long-term follow-up. A further management and special support on emergency department is needed for these patients with initially mild stroke and rapid improvement in AIS to reduce the poor outcome.
Effect of thermal stress on point defect behavior during single crystal Si growth
Authors: Suewaka Ryota , Nakamura Kozo
Published: December 2019

Silicon devices currently require silicon wafers that are free of grown-in defects. Point-defect simulation for silicon crystal growth, which is performed using the advection-diffusion equation considering the pair annihilation of vacancies and self-interstitials, is improved in this study by considering the effect of thermal stress during the growth process. This effect is introduced into the point-defect simulation as the stress term of the formation enthalpy. The stress coefficients in the stress term are determined by analyzing the correlation between the grown-in defect patterns obtained from the actual pulling tests and simulations. The defect patterns obtained from the simulations performed using the improved point-defect simulation method in this study were congruent with the experimental results, particularly for crystals with large diameters and high stress. The improved simulation method proposed in this study shall be useful for designing new hot-zone conditions and enhancing the understanding of point-defect behavior.
Kunstbasert læring i utvikling av yrkeskompetanse
Authors: Meltzer Cecilie , Schwencke Eva
Published: December 2019

Det er behov for et utvidet kompetansebegrep i fremtidens skole (NOU, 2014:7, 2015:8). Denne artikkelen undersøker på hvilken måte kunstbasert læring kan bidra til å styrke fag- og yrkeskompetansen. Den utforsker om denne læringsformen kan forsterke sammenhengen mellom utdannelse og arbeidsliv, utvikle kreativitet, øke opplevelsen av livsmestring og yrkesidentitet og bidra til danning. Vi tar utgangspunkt i og redegjør for ulike historiske perspektiv bak splittelsen mellom kunst og arbeid og presenterer teorier rundt menneskets styrking av subjektivitet og egne utviklingsprosesser. Her vil konfluent pedagogikken brukes for å aktualisere kunstbasert læring sitt bidrag i det yrkesfaglige feltet.Datagrunnlaget for artikkelen er innhentet i tidsperioden 2009-2015. Materialet bygger på erfaringer og resultat fra fem ulike studieforløp i Kreativ kommunikasjon (KK), samt tre kull ved en treårig bachelorutdanning i Design og Håndverk (DH) ved Institutt for yrkesfaglærerutdanning ved OsloMet-storbyuniversitet. Artikkelen oppsummerer hvordan kunstbasert læring kan bringe kunsten inn i fagligheten igjen og få en viktig plass i en yrkesfaglig kompetanseutvikling. Den anbefaler at ulike former for kunstbasert læring prøves ut og får mer plass på alle nivåer i utdanningssystemet.
Embryo aggregation regulates in vitro stress conditions to promote developmental competence in pigs
Authors: Jeong Pil-Soo , Yoon Seung-Bin , Lee Mun-Hyeong , Son Hee-Chang , Lee Hwal-Yong , Lee Sanghoon , Koo Bon-Sang , Jeong Kang-Jin , Lee Jong-Hee , Jin Yeung Bae , Song Bong-Seok , Kim Ji-Su , Kim Sun-Uk , Koo Deog-Bon , Sim Bo-Woong
Published: December 2019

Embryo aggregation is a useful method to produce blastocysts with high developmental competence to generate more offspring in various mammals, but the underlying mechanism(s) regarding the beneficial effects are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of embryo aggregation using 4-cell stage embryos in in vitro developmental competence and the relationship of stress conditions in porcine early embryogenesis. We conducted aggregation using the well of the well system and confirmed that aggregation using two or three embryos was useful for obtaining blastocysts. Aggregated embryos significantly improved developmental competence, including blastocyst formation rate, blastomere number, ICM/TE ratio, and cellular survival rate, compared to non-aggregated embryos. Investigation into the relationship between embryo aggregation and stress conditions revealed that mitochondrial function increased, and oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress decreased compared to 1X (non-aggregated embryos) blastocysts. In addition, 3X (three-embryo aggregated) blastocysts increased the expression of pluripotency, anti-apoptosis, and implantation related genes, and decreased expression of pro-apoptosis related genes. Therefore, these findings indicate that embryo aggregation regulates in vitro stress conditions to increase developmental competence and contributes to the in vitro production of high-quality embryos and the large-scale production of transgenic and chimeric pigs.
Evaluating the Effect of Iron (II) Chloride Induced Oxidative Stress in SH-SY5Y Cells and Its Role in Upregulation of α-Synuclein Expression
Authors: Abba Dige Mohammed , Paul Okoi Emmanuel
Published: December 2019

The α-synuclein (SNCA) gene is a pathogenic gene identified in rare familial Parkinson Disease (PD). Recent studies highlight the role of DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of familial and sporadic PD. Hypomethylation in SNCA gene has been associated with increased SNCA gene expression and was observed in post mortem brains of patients with sporadic PD. This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of iron (II) chloride on SH-SY5Y cell models as pertain to cell death caused by oxidative stress, upregulation of SNCA gene expression and reduced SNCA gene methylation. Result obtained from LDH assay showed significant (p < 0.05) evidence of cell death in treated cells as compared to the control sample. Analysis for SNCA gene quantification using RT-PCR showed significant increases in fold change. Cells treated with 1000µM of FeCl₂ showed the highest fold change of 6.0 while cells treated with 250µM had the lowest fold change of 1.8. In DNA methylation assay using pyrosequencing, cells treated with varying concentrations of FeCl₂ showed significant (p < 0.05) decrease in DNA methylation. At 250µM, 500µM and 750µM concentrations of FeCl₂, an average mean methylation levels of 1.84%, 1.40% and 1.23% was obtained respectively while cells treated with 1000 µM had the lowest average mean methylation level of 1.0%. Thus, the decrease in methylation is linked to the upregulation of the SNCA gene which has been reported to be among the causative factors in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease.
Performance of primary diagnostic monitors (PDMs) over time
Authors: Ruuge Andres E. , Gao Yiming , Erdi Yusuf E.
Published: December 2019

In this work, we evaluated the change of primary monitor characteristics in two consecutive years. Sixty‐six primary monitors were included in the analysis. The monitors were located at radiology physicians' offices and radiology reading rooms. All primary monitors were equipped with the manufacturer's built‐in photometers and connected to the BarcoMediCalQA web service for manual and automatic quality control measurements. External photometer/illuminance meter (RaySafe Solo Light) was used to measure the luminance values. Measured luminance values of the TG18LN1‐18 and TG18UNL80 test patterns were used to evaluate the primary monitors performance. In a comparison of the quality assurance (QA) measurement results for the same monitors that were performed within 2 years, the luminance of 25 displays remained statistically the same (P > 0.01). The luminance of 17 displays decreased (P < 0.01) in 2017 when compared with 2016, the luminance of 24 displays increased (P < 0.01) in 2017 when compared with 2016. For the annual measurements of the MLD in 2016 and 2017, 25 out of 66 displays showed a decrease of MLD values in 2017 compared with the same measurements in 2016 and 41 displays showed an increase of MLD in 2017. All tested primary displays had the MLD value less than 17.2%. The mean value of illuminance measured in 2016 was 5.8 lux ± 3.1 lux. In 2017, the mean value of illuminance measured was 8.7 lux ± 5.3 lux. Although it is expected that monitors luminance values will decrease over time, we found displays with increased luminance. This is possibly due to the multiple monitor calibrations that were performed between two annual monitor QA tests. Based on the findings of this work, more efficient display QA programs with a shorter time interval than 1 year are needed.
Origin of Open‐Circuit Voltage Enhancements in Planar Perovskite Solar Cells Induced by Addition of Bulky Organic Cations
Authors: Lin Chieh‐Ting , Lee Jinho , Kim Jinhyun , Macdonald Thomas J. , Ngiam Jonathan , Xu Bob , Daboczi Matyas , Xu Weidong , Pont Sebastian , Park Byoungwook , Kang Hongkyu , Kim Ji‐Seon , Payne David J. , Lee Kwanghee , Durrant James R. , McLachlan Martyn A.
Published: December 2019

The origin of performance enhancements in p‐i‐n perovskite solar cells (PSCs) when incorporating low concentrations of the bulky cation 1‐naphthylmethylamine (NMA) are discussed. A 0.25 vol % addition of NMA increases the open circuit voltage (Voc) of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) PSCs from 1.06 to 1.16 V and their power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 18.7% to 20.1%. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and low energy ion scattering data show NMA is located at grain surfaces, not the bulk. Scanning electron microscopy shows combining NMA addition with solvent assisted annealing creates large grains that span the active layer. Steady state and transient photoluminescence data show NMA suppresses non‐radiative recombination resulting from charge trapping, consistent with passivation of grain surfaces. Increasing the NMA concentration reduces device short‐circuit current density and PCE, also suppressing photoluminescence quenching at charge transport layers. Both Voc and PCE enhancements are observed when bulky cations (phenyl(ethyl/methyl)ammonium) are incorporated, but not smaller cations (Cs/MA)—indicating size is a key parameter. Finally, it demonstrates that NMA also enhances mixed iodide/bromide wide bandgap PSCs (Voc of 1.22 V with a 1.68 eV bandgap). The results demonstrate a facile approach to maximizing Voc and provide insights into morphological control and charge carrier dynamics induced by bulky cations in PSCs.
Constructing a High‐Strength Solid Electrolyte Layer by In Vivo Alloying with Aluminum for an Ultrahigh‐Rate Lithium Metal Anode
Authors: Lu Ziyang , Li Wantang , Long Yu , Liang Jiachen , Liang Qinghua , Wu Shichao , Tao Ying , Weng Zhe , Lv Wei , Yang Quan‐Hong
Published: December 2019

The serious safety issues caused by uncontrollable lithium (Li) dendrite growth, especially at high current densities, seriously hamper the rapid charging of Li metal‐based batteries. Here, the construction of Al–Li alloy/LiCl‐based Li anode (ALA/Li anode) is reported by displacement and alloying reaction between an AlCl3‐ionic liquid and a Li foil. This layer not only has high ion‐conductivity and good electron resistivity but also much improved mechanical strength (776 MPa) as well as good flexibility compared to a common solid electrolyte interphase layer (585 MPa). The high mechanical strength of the Al–Li alloy interlayer effectively eliminates volume expansion and dendrite growth in Li metal batteries, so that the ALA/Li anode achieves superior cycling for 1600 h (2.0 mA cm−2) and 1000 cycles at an ultrahigh current density (20 mA cm−2) without dendrite formation in symmetric batteries. In lithium–sulfur batteries, the dense alloy layer prevents direct contact between polysulfides and Li metal, inhibiting the shuttle effect and electrolyte decomposition. Long cycling performance is achieved even at a high current density (4 C) and a low electrolyte/sulfur (6.0 µL mg−1). This easy fabrication process provides a strategy to realize reliable safety during the rapid charging of Li‐metal batteries.
Low Voltage and Ferroelectric 2D Electron Devices Using Lead‐Free BaxSr1‐xTiO3 and MoS2 Channel
Authors: Jeong Yeonsu , Jin Hye‐Jin , Park Ji Hoon , Cho Yongjae , Kim Minju , Hong Sungjae , Jo William , Yi Yeonjin , Im Seongil
Published: December 2019

Coupling between non‐toxic lead‐free high‐k materials and 2D semiconductors is achieved to develop low voltage field effect transistors (FETs) and ferroelectric non‐volatile memory transistors as well. In fact, low voltage switching ferroelectric memory devices are extremely rare in 2D electronics. Now, both low voltage operation and ferroelectric memory function have been successfully demonstrated in 2D‐like thin MoS2 channel FET with lead‐free high‐k dielectric BaxSr1‐xTiO3 (BST) oxides. When the BST surface is coated with a 5.5‐nm‐ultrathin poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)‐brush for improved roughness, the MoS2 FET with BST (x = 0.5) dielectric results in an extremely low voltage operation at 0.5 V. Moreover, the BST with an increased Ba composition (x = 0.8) induces quite good ferroelectric memory properties despite the existence of the ultrathin PMMA layer, well switching the MoS2 FET channel states in a non‐volatile manner with a ±3 V low voltage pulse. Since the employed high‐k dielectric and ferroelectric oxides are lead‐free in particular, the approaches for applying high‐k BST gate oxide for 2D MoS2 FET are not only novel but also practical towards future low voltage nanoelectronics and green technology.
Fabrication of Photonic Microbricks via Crack Engineering of Colloidal Crystals
Authors: Phillips Katherine R. , Zhang Cathy T. , Yang Ting , Kay Theresa , Gao Chao , Brandt Soeren , Liu Lei , Yang Haizhao , Li Yaning , Aizenberg Joanna , Li Ling
Published: December 2019

Evaporation‐induced self‐assembly of colloidal particles is one of the most versatile fabrication routes to obtain large‐area colloidal crystals; however, the formation of uncontrolled “drying cracks” due to gradual solvent evaporation represents a significant challenge of this process. While several methods are reported to minimize crack formation during evaporation‐induced colloidal assembly, here an approach is reported to take advantage of the crack formation as a patterning tool to fabricate microscopic photonic structures with controlled sizes and geometries. This is achieved through a mechanistic understanding of the fracture behavior of three different types of opal structures, namely, direct opals (colloidal crystals with no matrix material), compound opals (colloidal crystals with matrix material), and inverse opals (matrix material templated by a sacrificial colloidal crystal). This work explains why, while direct and inverse opals tend to fracture along the expected {111} planes, the compound opals exhibit a different cracking behavior along the nonclose‐packed {110} planes, which is facilitated by the formation of cleavage‐like fracture surfaces. The discovered principles are utilized to fabricate photonic microbricks by programming the crack initiation at specific locations and by guiding propagation along predefined orientations during the self‐assembly process, resulting in photonic microbricks with controlled sizes and geometries.
Remote Magnetic Nanoparticle Manipulation Enables the Dynamic Patterning of Cardiac Tissues
Authors: Zwi‐Dantsis Limor , Wang Brian , Marijon Camille , Zonetti Simone , Ferrini Arianna , Massi Lucia , Stuckey Daniel J. , Terracciano Cesare M. , Stevens Molly M.
Published: December 2019

The ability to manipulate cellular organization within soft materials has important potential in biomedicine and regenerative medicine; however, it often requires complex fabrication procedures. Here, a simple, cost‐effective, and one‐step approach that enables the control of cell orientation within 3D collagen hydrogels is developed to dynamically create various tailored microstructures of cardiac tissues. This is achieved by incorporating iron oxide nanoparticles into human cardiomyocytes and applying a short‐term external magnetic field to orient the cells along the applied field to impart different shapes without any mechanical support. The patterned constructs are viable and functional, can be detected by T2*‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging, and induce no alteration to normal cardiac function after grafting onto rat hearts. This strategy paves the way to creating customized, macroscale, 3D tissue constructs with various cell‐types for therapeutic and bioengineering applications, as well as providing powerful models for investigating tissue behavior.
Semiconducting Polymer Nanoreporters for Near‐Infrared Chemiluminescence Imaging of Immunoactivation
Authors: Cui Dong , Li Jingchao , Zhao Xuhui , Pu Kanyi , Zhang Ruiping
Published: December 2019

Real‐time in vivo imaging of immunoactivation is critical for longitudinal evaluation of cancer immunotherapy, which, however, is rarely demonstrated. This study reports semiconducting polymer nanoreporters (SPNRs) with superoxide anion (O2•−)‐activatable chemiluminescence signals for in vivo imaging of immunoactivation during cancer immunotherapy. SPNRs are designed to comprise an SP and a caged chemiluminescence phenoxy‐dioxetane substrate, which respectively serve as the chemiluminescence acceptor and donor to enable intraparticle chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer. SPNRs are intrinsically fluorescent but only become chemiluminescent upon activation by O2•−. Representing the first O2•−‐activatable near‐infrared chemiluminescent reporter, SPNR3 sensitively differentiates higher O2•− levels in immune cells from other cells including cancer and normal cells. Following systemic administration, SPNR3 passively accumulates into tumors in living mice and activates the chemiluminescence signals responding to the concentration of O2•− in the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, the enhancement of in vivo chemiluminescence signal after cancer immunotherapy is correlated with increased population of T cells in the tumor, proving its feasibility in tracking of T cell activation. Thus, SPNRs represent the first kind of chemiluminescent reporters competent for in vivo imaging of immunoactivation.
Insight into Design of MIL‐125(Ti)‐Based Composite with Boosting Photocatalytic Activity: The Embedded Multiple Fe Oxide Count
Authors: Gao Kaihua , Li Yaru , Na Ping
Published: December 2019

The metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) exhibit poor stability especially under solution phase and high temperature, which compromises their practical application and functionalized modification. So, it is still challenging and imperative for the development of desirable design for the MOF‐functionalized material. Herein, the rational design and construction of MIL‐125(Ti)‐based Fe oxide composite (HPMIL‐125(Ti)‐Fe) are demonstrated. First, the ideal host HPMIL‐125(Ti) with eligible pore size, great stability, and hierarchical porosity is constructed through a facile one‐step pyrolysis. Then, the Fe oxide nanostrips are uniformly embedded into their porous channel along the axis through adsorption and thermally triggered phase transition processes. The unique design integrates 2D iron oxide semiconductor structure into 3D cake‐like hierarchical pore MIL‐125(Ti) kernel. The excellent photocatalytic activity of the as‐fabricated product, which is nearly 4.9 times than that of pristine HPMIL‐125(Ti), is evaluated by photocatalytic oxidation of As(III). Such a great improved photocatalytic performance is principally attributed to the narrowed bandgap, the decreased recombination rate of photoinduced electron–hole pairs, and large surface area with plentiful active species for As(III) photocatalytic oxidation. This contribution may brighten up an extra orientation for developing a more facile and practical strategy of fabricating MOF‐based composites.
Reversible Tuning of Magnetization in a Ferromagnetic Ruddlesden–Popper‐Type Manganite by Electrochemical Fluoride‐Ion Intercalation
Authors: Vasala Sami , Jakob Anna , Wissel Kerstin , Waidha Aamir Iqbal , Alff Lambert , Clemens Oliver
Published: December 2019

Electrical tuning of materials' magnetic properties is of great technological interest, and in particular reversible on/off switching of ferromagnetism can enable various new applications. Reversible magnetization tuning in the ferromagnetic Ruddlesden–Popper manganite La2−2xSr1+2xMn2O7 by electrochemical fluoride‐ion (de)intercalation in an all‐solid‐state system is demonstrated for the first time. A 67% change in relative magnetization is observed with a low operating potential of <1 V, negligible capacity fading, and high Coulombic efficiency. This system offers a high magnetoelectric voltage coefficient, indicating high energy efficiency. This method can also be extended to tune other materials' properties in various perovskite‐related materials.
High‐Performance Li–Se Battery Enabled via a One‐Piece Cathode Design
Authors: Kim Soochan , Cho Misuk , Lee Youngkwan
Published: December 2019

A high‐performance Li–Se battery is demonstrated by adopting a novel Se cathode design. The Se cathode is a one‐piece body combined with a Se deposited current collector and a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE). In the preparation of the Se cathode, Se is electrodeposited on Ni‐foam, and the pores are filled with SPE layers. Through this electrodeposition, the cathode is easily fabricated, and charge transports are facile. The use of the SPE layer offers a durable Se electrode, enhancing ion pathways, securing safety, and suppressing undesirable electrochemical reactions. Li–Se batteries assembled with the one‐piece Se cathode and Li‐metal anode, without using conductive carbon, polymer binder, and separator, exhibit ultrastable performance with a low capacity decay of 0.001% per cycle at 1 C over 3000 cycles. The rational design of a one‐piece electrode may hold great promise for the future development of energy storage devices with facile fabrication process and long‐term stability.
Selectively Etching Vanadium Oxide to Modulate Surface Vacancies of Unary Metal–Based Electrocatalysts for High‐Performance Water Oxidation
Authors: Fan Ke , Zou Haiyuan , Duan Lele , Sun Licheng
Published: December 2019

Electrocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen generation is hindered by the sluggish kinetics of water oxidation, and highly efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are urgently required. Numerous bi‐ and multimetal‐based, low‐cost, high‐performance OER electrocatalysts have been developed. However, unary metal–based high‐performance electrocatalysts are seldom reported. In the present study, Co2(OH)3Cl/vanadium oxide (VOy) composites are synthesized, from which VOy is completely etched out by a simple cyclic voltammetry treatment, which simultaneously transforms Co2(OH)3Cl in situ to ultrafine CoOOH. The selective removal of VOy modulates the nature of the surface in the obtained CoOOH by creating surface oxygen vacancies (Vo), along with disordered grain boundaries. The best‐performing CoOOH with optimum Vo is found to be associated with a low overpotential of 282 mV at 10 mA cm−2 catalytic current density on a simple glassy carbon electrode for OER. This facile protocol of selectively etching VOy to modulate the nature of the surface is successfully applied to synthesize another Fe‐based electrocatalyst with high OER performance, thus establishing its utility for unary metal–based electrocatalyst synthesis.
Increased overall and cause‐specific mortality associated with disability among workers’ compensation claimants with low back injuries
Authors: Martin Christopher J. , Jin ChuanFang , Bertke Stephen J. , Yiin James H. , Pinkerton Lynne E.
Published: December 2019

Background

Mortality tends to be higher among people who do not work than among workers, but the impact of work‐related disability on mortality has not been well studied.

Methods

The vital status through 2015 was ascertained for 14 219 workers with an accepted workers’ compensation claim in West Virginia for a low back injury in 1998 or 1999. Mortality among the cohort compared with the West Virginia general population was assessed using standard life table techniques. Associations of mortality and disability‐related factors within the cohort were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression.

Results

Compared to the general population, mortality from accidental poisoning was significantly elevated among the overall cohort and lost‐time claimants. Most deaths from accidental poisoning in the cohort were due to drug overdoses involving opioids. Mortality from intentional self‐harm was also significantly elevated among lost‐time claimants. In internal analyses, overall mortality and mortality from cancer, heart disease, intentional self‐harm, and drug overdoses involving opioids was significantly associated with lost time. Overall mortality and mortality from drug overdoses involving opioids were also significantly associated with amount of lost time, permanent partial disability, and percent permanent disability. Heart disease mortality was also significantly associated with the amount of lost time.

Conclusions

The results suggest that disability itself may impact mortality risks. If confirmed, these results reinforce the importance of return to work and other efforts to reduce disability.
The genetic workup for structural congenital heart disease
Authors: Jerves Teodoro , Beaton Andrea , Kruszka Paul
Published: December 2019

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most prevalent birth defect and is the result of multiple etiologies including genetic and environmental causes. This article reviews the genetic workup for structural CHD in the clinical setting, beginning with CHD epidemiology and etiology and then moving to genetic testing, clinical evaluation, and genetic counseling. An algorithm is presented as a guide to genetic test selection, and available tests are explained with their respective advantages and limitations. Finally, future advances are discussed. As this review focuses on structural heart disease, isolated cardiomyopathies, inherited primary arrhythmia syndromes and aortopathies are not discussed.
Congenital heart defects in CHARGE: The molecular role of CHD7 and effects on cardiac phenotype and clinical outcomes
Authors: Meisner Joshua K. , Martin Donna M.
Published: December 2019

CHARGE syndrome is characterized by a pattern of congenital anomalies (Coloboma of the eye, Heart defects, Atresia of the choanae, Retardation of growth, Genital abnormalities, and Ear abnormalities). De novo mutations of chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 7 (CHD7) are the primary cause of CHARGE syndrome. The clinical phenotype is highly variable including a wide spectrum of congenital heart defects. Here, we review the range of congenital heart defects and the molecular effects of CHD7 on cardiovascular development that lead to an over‐representation of atrioventricular septal, conotruncal, and aortic arch defects in CHARGE syndrome. Further, we review the overlap of cardiovascular and noncardiovascular comorbidities present in CHARGE and their impact on the peri‐operative morbidity and mortality in individuals with CHARGE syndrome.
Endoscopic prelacrimal approach to lateral recess of sphenoid sinus: feasibility study
Authors: Li Lifeng , London Nyall R. , Prevedello Daniel M. , Carrau Ricardo L.
Published: December 2019

Background

Various pathologies, including cerebrospinal fluid leaks and meningoencephaloceles, may arise in the lateral recess of the sphenoid sinus (LRSS), which may be accessed via an endonasal transpterygoid approach. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of accessing the LRSS via an endoscopic prelacrimal approach. Furthermore, we hypothesized that this approach may protect the pterygopalatine ganglion and vidian nerve.

Methods

Five cadaveric heads (9 sides) with a well‐pneumatized LRSS were identified and an endonasal prelacrimal approach was performed. The infraorbital nerve, at the orbital floor, served as a critical landmark. After identification of the foramen rotundum at the pterygoid base, the vascular compartment of the pterygopalatine fossa and the pterygopalatine ganglion were displaced inferomedially and superomedially, respectively. Drilling of the bone inferomedial to the foramen rotundum allowed entry into the LRSS.

Results

The average distances from the prelacrimal window to the pterygoid base and the posterior wall of the LRSS were 6.22 ± 0.39 cm and 7.16 ± 0.50 cm, respectively. The average areas of the bony prelacrimal window and pterygoid base window were 4.33 ± 0.32 cm2and 0.73 ± 0.10 cm2, respectively. The LRSS could be accessed using a 0‐degree endoscope, and pterygopalatine neurovascular structures, including the pterygopalatine ganglion and vidian nerve, could be preserved on all 9 sides.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that an endonasal prelacrimal approach provides a reasonable alternative to access the LRSS while preserving the vidian nerve and pterygopalatine ganglion.
Highly Efficient and Reversible Covalent Patterning of Graphene: 2D‐Management of Chemical Information
Authors: Wei Tao , Kohring Malte , Chen Muqing , Yang Shangfeng , Weber Heiko B. , Hauke Frank , Hirsch Andreas
Published: December 2019

Patterned graphene‐functionalization with a tunable degree of functionalization can tailor the properties of graphene. Here, we present a new reductive functionalization approach combined with lithography rendering patterned graphene‐functionalization easily accessible. Two types of covalent patterning of graphene were prepared and their structures were unambiguously characterized by statistical Raman spectroscopy together with scanning electron microscopy/energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS). The reversible defunctionalization processes, as revealed by temperature‐dependent Raman spectroscopy, enable the possibility to accurately modulate the degree of functionalization by annealing. This allows for the management of chemical information through complete write/store/erase cycles. Based on our strategy, controllable and efficient patterning graphene‐functionalization is no longer a challenge and facilitates the development of graphene‐based devices.
An Enzymatic N‐Acylation Step Enables the Biocatalytic Synthesis of Unnatural Sialosides
Authors: Laborda Pedro , Lyu Yong‐Mei , Parmeggiani Fabio , Lu Ai‐Min , Wang Wen‐Jiao , Huang Ying‐Ying , Huang Kun , Guo Juan , Liu Li , Flitsch Sabine L. , Voglmeir Josef
Published: December 2019

Chitin is one of the most abundant and cheaply available biopolymers in Nature. Chitin has become a valuable starting material for many biotechnological products through manipulation of its N‐acetyl functionality, which can be cleaved under mild conditions using the enzyme family of de‐N‐acetylases. However, the chemoselective enzymatic re‐acylation of glucosamine derivatives, which can introduce new stable functionalities into chitin derivatives, is much less explored. Herein we describe an acylase (CmCDA from Cyclobacterium marinum) that catalyzes the N‐acylation of glycosamine with a range of carboxylic acids under physiological reaction conditions. This biocatalyst closes an important gap in allowing the conversion of chitin into complex glycosides, such as C5‐modified sialosides, through the use of highly selective enzyme cascades.