bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FEAR-BASED OBSERVATIONS OF JUVENILE OFFENDERS TOWARDS ACHIEVEMENT DEMANDS IN SCHOOL SITUATIONS
Authors: Panchulidze Tea , Makashvili Ketevan
Published: December 2020

Little research has been done on the issue of fear and anxiety as critical motivators in an individual’s behavior as a juvenile in detention. This research studies adolescents who are serving sentences in juvenile detention centers and study at penitentiary schools, based on E. Hussliein’s projective method “School Fear Test” (School Angs Test or SAT). The data, through studied school situations, is obtained in a method free from conscious protection and organized according to the form and intensity of the subjects' fears and their fear-inducing stimuli. The case study involves a comparison of 50 male juveniles aged 14-18, half of whom were incarcerated, with the other half randomly chosen from a pool of boys who have never been incarnated. The research studies specific emotional-motivational characteristics emanating from the subjects’ school perceptions to assess the behavioral risks related to mental health and the internal psychological problems of juvenile offenders. The obtained data revealed that while there is a higher rate of physical manifestation of fear, there is a lower rate of future-oriented fear. This combination of affective and emotional traits makes adolescents more likely to engage in careless behaviors, which increases their risk of delinquency. Also, for imprisoned juveniles, a teacher’s personality is the most potent catalyst for inducing fear through demanding achievement in school situations. This data is important for educational settings and schools in penitentiary institutions to understand better the role of a teacher and their use of resources to prevent antisocial behavior and recidivism in adolescents. Keywords: emotional functioning, juvenile offenders, penal system, projective techniques, school fears
Communicative language teaching in reading comprehension
Authors: Yucailla Tixi Juan Elías
Published: December 2020

Introducción. Generalmente se cree que la enseñanza comunicativa del lenguaje (ECL) se utiliza para enseñar el lenguaje con fines de comunicación e interacción. Por lo tanto, parece ser más adecuada para desarrollar la habilidad de hablar. No se ha explorado suficientemente la posibilidad de aplicar (ECL) en el desarrollo de otras habilidades como la comprensión lectora. Objetivo. El propósito de esta revisión de bibliográfica es examinar la enseñanza comunicativa de la lengua y su impacto en la comprensión lectora, presentando un caso a consideración en la Unidad Educativa Liceo Policial Chimborazo. Metodología. Se realizaron búsquedas en dos bases de datos electrónicas con una limitación de cuarenta años para reflejar la información más relevante. También se examinaron listas de investigaciones relevantes. Se seleccionaron un total de 32 artículos para su revisión. Dos temas encabezan la revisión de la literatura: "Enseñanza comunicativa de la lengua " y "Comprensión  lectora". Resultados. Se encontró que la enseñanza comunicativa de la lengua le da al maestro la oportunidad de diseñar programas para explorar otros aspectos del lenguaje como la lectura. Conclusiones. Con base en la literatura revisada y su discusión anterior, se concluye que, aunque la enseñanza comunicativa de la lengua ha sido criticada por enfocarse más en el aspecto comunicativo del aprendizaje de lenguas, es probable que este método en el Ecuador refuerce las tasas de rendimiento académico de la mayoría de los estudiantes y mejore la tasa de lectura general del país.
Agricultural crop yield forecasting methods
Authors:   Rosinformagrotekh, Buklagin D.S.
Published: December 2020

The main areas of the development and use of digital technologies and systems for forecasting the yield of agricultural crops based on satellite data are described. Proposals are given for the development of research in the field of the use of space technologies and their widespread use in agriculture.
State and Development Areas of Viticulture Mechanical Equipment
Authors:   Rosinformagrotekh, Shchegolikhina T.A. , Nemenushchaya L.A. ,   Rosinformagrotekh
Published: December 2020

The analysis of the state of equipment support of the viticulture industry with dedicated equipment is given. An urgent need for certain types of machines is noted. The promising areas of increasing the level of mechanization in the industry are outlined. Integrated machine systems and type equipment are described.
Increasing the Efficiency of Metrological Support of the Agricultural Machinery Life Cycle
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Leonov O.A. , Shkaruba N.Zh. ,   Russian State Agrarian University Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Golubev I.G. ,   Rosinformagrotekh
Published: December 2020

A plan for the metrological support of the life cycle stages of agricultural machinery is shown. The influence of the error of measuring instruments on the coefficient of measurement accuracy and the number of incorrectly accepted for operation and rejected parts has been established. It is revealed that, at the stages of production and operation, including the repair of agricultural machinery, it is possible to achieve significant economic efficiency by reducing the error of the measuring instruments used.
Development of production facilities in the dairy subsystem of the region
Authors:   Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University, Ovsyanko L.A. , Ovsyanko A.V. ,   Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University
Published: December 2020

Dairy cattle breeding in the region as the basis for the development of a dairy subsystem is discussed. The level of utilization of production capacities is assessed. The characteristics of investment projects implemented in the subsystem are presented. The indicator for evaluating the effectiveness of investment projects has been substantiated.
Kuinka arvioida asetettuja tavoitteita
Authors: Lyhty Jarmo
Published: December 2020

Näkyykö opetussuunnitelma historian opettajan oppaissa? Viralliset tavoitteet opetukselle asetetaan opetussuunnitelmassa, ja opettajan tulisi pyrkiä tavoitteisiin valitsemillaan keinoilla. Nykyään ajatellaan, että historian opetuksen tulisi keskittyä historian taitoihin, kuten lähteiden tulkitsemiseen ja syy-seuraussuhteiden hahmottamiseen, ei vain sisältöihin. Tämä linja on kirjoitettu selkeästi myös Perusopetuksen opetussuunnitelman perusteisiin. Tiedetään, että kustantajien tekemät oppimateriaalit ovat tärkeä työväline monille opettajille ja että ne vaikuttavat toteutuvaan opetukseen ja arviointiin. Arvioinnin tapojen tiedetään ohjaavan opetusta ja oppimista. Tässä tutkimuksessa tarkasteltiin, kuinka alakoulun historian oppikirjasarjojen opettajan oppaat antavat välineitä arvioida oppilaille opetussuunnitelmassa asetettujen tavoitteiden saavuttamista. Kolmen kustantajan oppaat ja digiopetusaineistot analysoitiin sisällönanalyysin keinoin. Ilmeni, ettei opetussuunnitelma ole ohjannut kovinkaan vahvasti kirjasarjojen arviointimateriaaleja. Opetussuunnitelma ja sen tavoitteet mainittiin vain yhdessä kirjasarjassa. Keskeisimmäksi arviointisisällöksi osoittautuivat valmiit kokeet, joista paljastui iso joukko tehtäviä, jotka eivät mitanneet minkään tavoitteen mukaista osaamista. Tutkimus osoittaa, ettei opetussuunnitelman edellyttämä taitopohjainen historian opetus vielä näy selkeästi materiaaleissa.
Historia (hyper)textus, historia digitalis
Authors: Kainulainen Mikko
Published: December 2020

Arvostelu teoksesta: Milligan, Ian 2019. History in the Age of Abundance? How the Web Is Transforming Historical Research. Montreal & Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press. 310.
Análise dos manuais e cartilhas para implantação de Gerenciamento de Resíduos da Construção Civil em canteiro de obras no Brasil
Authors: Silva José Douglas dos Santos Siqueira , Lopes Régia Lúcia
Published: December 2020

Existem no Brasil vários instrumentos (manuais e cartilhas) que apresentam diretrizes para o gerenciamento dos resíduos de construção civil e que foram construídos com base na Resolução CONAMA n° 307/2002. Todavia, a maioria dos arquivos que estão disponíveis publicamente, foram produzidos anteriormente à Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (Lei n. 12.305/2010). Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar manuais e cartilhas disponíveis eletronicamente sobre o planejamento e a implantação do gerenciamento de resíduos da construção civil nos canteiros de obras Brasileiros. A metodologia utilizada baseou-se na avaliação do design da obra levando-se em conta 5 categorias (objetivo, organização, estilo da escrita, aparência e motivação) subdivididos por 17 itens (classificados através de uma escala Likert) e da avaliação de conteúdo (teórico e prático), identificando nas publicações a presença dos itens de acordo com as diretrizes da Lei nº 12.305/2010, Resolução n° 307/2002 do CONAMA, normas técnicas, livros e artigos científicos. Os resultados mostraram que, com relação ao design, de forma geral, todos os materiais analisados estão bem apresentados, classificando-se como bom ou muito bom, porém com relação ao conteúdo nenhum dos materiais apresenta todos os itens previstos nas legislações atuais. Por estarem à disposição pública e poderem ser utilizados como base para planejamento e implantação do GRCC, os materiais anteriores à Lei requerem atualização e, os posteriores, uma revisão para inserir os conteúdos não mencionados. Desta forma, os resultados deste estudo poderão auxiliar aos autores e editoras neste processo, sendo aqui apontados cada item que consta e não consta nos respectivos materiais.
A aplicação do Project Model Canvas para o planejamento de um projeto educacional com aulas remotas no período de distanciamento social
Authors: Ferreira Neto José Olímpio , Vasconcelos Ana Paula Martins Farias , Souza Andréa Moura da Costa , Paim Igor de Moraes
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar o Project Model Canvas (PMC) como metodologia de gerenciamento de projetos que pode ser aplicado ao campo educacional. Para realizar essa tarefa foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, com característica exploratória por meio de material bibliográfico sobre o PMC e sua aplicação na seara da educação. O exemplo apresentado teve pertinência ao contexto hodierno, no qual os setores da sociedade, entre eles o educacional, estão vivendo, que é o distanciamento social causado pela pandemia de COVID-19. Como resultado, foi apresentado um exemplo de aplicação do PMC, na elaboração de uma Sequência Didática (SD) para o ensino de Ciências da Natureza, com o uso de aulas remotas, no contexto de distanciamento social. Dessa forma, ao final desse trabalho, foi possível concluir que o PMC pode ser usado para o desenvolvimento de Projeto Educacional, sobretudo nesse contexto atual, colaborando para a continuidade da rotina escolar.
Robótica Educacional como metodologia motivadora no ensino de lógica de programação na Educação Profissional e Tecnológica
Authors: Ramos Bruno Amorim , Moraes Eduardo Cardoso
Published: December 2020

Este artigo objetiva apresentar o uso do produto educacional Robôcactus, resultante da dissertação do primeiro autor, como ferramenta teórico-metodológica associada a robótica educacional e a plataforma Arduino na Educação Profissional e Tecnológica (EPT). Para tanto, este trabalho recorre a metodologia da pesquisa-ação participante, as metodologias ativas de Sala da Aula Invertida (SAI) e a Aprendizagem Baseada em Projetos (PBL).  Diante as dificuldades e desmotivação dos discentes no componente de lógica de programação, foi criada uma metodologia que visa mitigar este impacto através da realização uma oficina de robótica educacional que vislumbra contribuir a formação do pensamento crítico e conhecimento técnico através da práxis, fatores importantíssimos para desenvolvimento do profissional do século XXI. O levantamento de dados conta com questionários semiestruturados e a análise de conteúdo revela a experiência positiva da utilização da robótica como agente motivador tecnológico no âmbito escolar.
O financiamento público ao atleta paralímpico no Brasil: o Programa Bolsa-Atleta estimula a permanência e a melhoria dos resultados esportivos?
Authors: Camargo Philipe Rocha de , Santos Thiago de Oliveira , Oliveira Amanda Paola Velasco de , Quaranta André Marsiglia , Mezzadri Fernando Marinho
Published: December 2020

A realização dos Jogos Olímpicos e Paralímpicos Rio 2016 aumentou as preocupações do Governo com os resultados esportivos e estimulou um expressivo aumento nos investimentos públicos ao esporte. Embora historicamente o financiamento público seja a principal fonte de recursos do esporte brasileiro, o Programa Bolsa-Atleta se tornou a principal fonte de renda dos atletas paralímpicos. O objetivo desse estudo foi discutir se o financiamento através do Programa Bolsa-Atleta influencia na manutenção ou na melhoria dos resultados esportivos dos atletas paralímpicos inseridos no Programa, e se fatores como o financiamento, o sexo, a bolsa inicial do atleta, a idade em que ele começou a receber bolsa e o local de nascimento são preditores da permanência do atleta no Programa. Para isso, verificou-se, por meio da regressão linear múltipla, se variáveis como o financiamento, o sexo, a bolsa inicial do atleta, a idade em que ele começou a receber bolsa e o local de nascimento são preditores da permanência e da evolução do atleta no esporte. Os dados apontaram uma relação entre o valor do financiamento e, em alguns casos, a idade de inserção no programa com a permanência e evolução no esporte de elite. Quanto maior o valor da bolsa, maior o tempo de permanência e maiores as possibilidades de obtenção de resultado esportivo.
Cognition Test Battery Performance Is Associated with Simulated 6df Spacecraft Docking Performance
Authors: Basner Mathias , Moore Tyler M. , Hermosillo Emanuel , Nasrini Jad , Dinges David F. , Gur Ruben C. , Johannes Bernd
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCTION: Environmental and operational stressors commonly encountered in spaceflight can affect astronaut cognitive performance. It is currently unclear how performance decrements on test batteries that assess individual cognitive domains translate to complex operational
performance.METHODS: N 30 healthy adults (mean SD age 33.5 7.1 yr, range 2548 yr; 16 men) with demographic characteristics similar to astronauts performed all 10 tests of the Cognition test battery as well as a simulated 6 degrees-of-freedom (6df) spacecraft docking task
15 times. Performance on 60 Cognition outcome variables was rank-correlated with 6df docking performance individually as well as in models containing up to 12 predictors after accounting for sex, age, and study design effects.RESULTS: Average response time on the Digit Symbol Substitution
Test (DSST)a measure of processing speed requiring complex scanning, visual tracking, and working memorywas the best individual predictor of 6df docking performance (unadjusted r 0.550; semipartial cross-validated R2 0.244). Furthermore, higher levels of spatial orientation efficiency
and vigilant attention, lower levels of impulsivity, and faster response speed were associated with higher 6df performance, while sensorimotor speed, memory, and risk decision making were less relevant. After semipartial cross-validation, a model with three Cognition outcomes (DSST average
response time, Abstract Matching accuracy, and conservative response bias on the Fractal 2-Back test) explained 30% of the variance in 6df performance.CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates direct links between performance on tests designed to assess specific cognitive domains and
complex operational docking performance.Basner M, Moore TM, Hermosillo E, Nasrini J, Dinges DF, Gur RC, Johannes B. Cognition test battery performance is associated with simulated 6df spacecraft docking performance. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(11):861867.
Cognitive Impairment During Combined Normobaric vs. Hypobaric and Normoxic vs. Hypoxic Acute Exposure
Authors: Aebi Mathias Roland , Bourdillon Nicolas , Noser Philip , Millet Grgoire Paul , Bron Denis
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCTION: Exposure to hypoxia has a deleterious effect on cognitive function; however, the putative effect of hypobaria remains unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate cognitive performance in pilot trainees who were exposed to acute normobaric (NH) and hypobaric hypoxia
(HH). Of relevance for military pilots, we also aimed to assess cognitive performance in hypobaric normoxia (HN).METHODS: A total of 16 healthy pilot trainees were exposed to 4 randomized conditions (i.e., normobaric normoxia, NN, altitude level of 440 m; HH at 5500 m; NH, altitude
simulation of 5500 m; and HN). Subjects performed a cognitive assessment (KLT-R test). Cerebral oxygen delivery (cDO2) was estimated based middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (MCAv) and pulse oxygen saturation (Spo2) monitored during cognitive assessment.RESULTS:
Percentage of errors increased in NH (14.3 9.1%) and HH (12.9 6.4%) when compared to NN (6.5 4.1%) and HN (6.0 4.0%). Number of calculations accomplished was lower only in HH than in NN and HN. When compared to NN, cDO2 decreased in NH and HH.DISCUSSION: Cognitive performance
was decreased similarly in acute NH and HH. The cDO2 reduction in NH and HH implies insufficient MCAv increase to ensure cognitive performance maintenance. The present study suggests negligible hypobaric influence on cognitive performance in hypoxia and normoxia.Aebi MR,
Bourdillon N, Noser P, Millet GP, Bron D. Cognitive impairment during combined normobaric vs. hypobaric and normoxic vs. hypoxic acute exposure. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(11):845851.
Wearable 3-Lead Electrocardiogram Placement Model for Fleet Sizing of Medical Devices
Authors: Arquilla Katya , Leary Sarah , Webb Andrea K. , Anderson Allie P.
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Electrocardiography (ECG) provides valuable information on astronaut physiological and psychological health. ECG monitoring has been conducted during crewed missions since the beginning of human spaceflight and will continue during astronauts upcoming long-duration
exploration missions (LDEMs) in support of automated health monitoring systems. ECG monitoring is traditionally performed in clinical environments with single-use, adhesive electrodes in a 3, 6, or 12-lead configuration placed by a trained clinician. In the space exploration environment, astronauts
self-place electrodes without professional assistance. Wearable ECG systems are an attractive option for automated health monitoring, but electrode placement has not been quantified to a high enough degree to avoid artifacts within the data due to position changes. This variability presents
challenges for physician-limited, autonomous health monitoring, so quantifying electrode placement is key in the development of reliable, wearable ECG monitoring systems.METHODS: We present a method of quantifying electrode placement for 3-lead, chest-mounted ECG using easy-to-measure,
two-dimensional chest measurements.RESULTS: We find that male and female dimensions require different electrode positioning computations, but there is overlap in positioning between men and women. The distribution of electrodes vertical positions is wider than their horizontal positions.DISCUSSION:
These results can be translated directly to ECG wearable design for the individual and for the size range and adjustability required for the astronaut fleet. Implementation of this method will improve the reliability in placement and fit of future wearables, increasing comfort and usability
of these systems and subsequently augmenting autonomous health monitoring capabilities for exploration medicine.Arquilla K, Leary S, Webb AK, Anderson AP. Wearable 3-lead electrocardiogram placement model for fleet sizing of medical devices. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(11):868875.
A Novel Method to Measure Transient Impairments in Cognitive Function During Acute Bouts of Hypoxia
Authors: Uchida Koji , Baker Sarah E. , Wiggins Chad C. , Senefeld Jonathon W. , Shepherd John R. A. , Trenerry Max R. , Buchholtz Zachary A. , Clifton Haider R. , Holmes David R. , Joyner Michael J. , Curry Timothy B.
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCTION: Exposure to low oxygen environments (hypoxia) can impair cognitive function; however, the time-course of the transient changes in cognitive function is unknown. In this study, we assessed cognitive function with a cognitive test before, during, and after exposure
to hypoxia.METHODS: Nine participants (28 4 yr, 7 women) completed Conners Continuous Performance Test (CCPT-II) during three sequential conditions: 1) baseline breathing room air (fraction of inspired oxygen, FIo2 0.21); 2) acute hypoxia (FIo2
0.118); and 3) recovery after exposure to hypoxia. End-tidal gas concentrations (waveform capnography), heart rate (electrocardiography), frontal lobe tissue oxygenation (near infrared spectroscopy), and mean arterial pressure (finger photoplethysmography) were continuously assessed.RESULTS:
Relative to baseline, during the hypoxia trial end-tidal (-30%) and cerebral (-9%) oxygen saturations were reduced. Additionally, the number of commission errors during the CCPT-II was greater during hypoxia trials than baseline trials (2.6 0.4 vs. 1.9 0.4 errors per block of CCPT-II). However,
the reaction time and omission errors did not differ during the hypoxia CCPT-II trials compared to baseline CCPT-II trials. During the recovery CCPT-II trials, physiological indices of tissue hypoxia all returned to baseline values and number of commission errors during the recovery CCPT-II
trials was not different from baseline CCPT-II trials.DISCUSSION: Oxygen concentrations were reduced (systemically and within the frontal lobe) and commission errors were increased during hypoxia compared to baseline. These data suggest that frontal lobe hypoxia may contribute to
transient impairments in cognitive function during short exposures to hypoxia.Uchida K, Baker SE, Wiggins CC, Senefeld JW, Shepherd JRA, Trenerry MR, Buchholtz ZA, Clifton HR, Holmes DR, Joyner MJ, Curry TB. A novel method to measure transient impairments in cognitive function during
acute bouts of hypoxia. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(11):839844.
A Re-examination of the Holiday Effect in Stock Returns: The Case of Vietnam
Authors: Pham Dan Khanh , Pham Thanh Dat , Bui Huy Nhuong
Published: December 2020

This paper provides empirical evidence of the holiday effect in stock return and the implications of the holiday effect. The research finds that there are existing the high stock return before the Lunar new year on the Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange during the period 2002-2018. This paper using the GARCH, Modified-GARCH, GARCH-M, and EGARCH models to test the holiday effect on stock return. The results indicate that there is evidence of holiday such as Chinese New Year in Vietnam which is called Lunar new year effect on stock return. Specifically, the stock return before the Lunar new year is usually higher than after the Lunar new year on the Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange.
Aflatoxin AFM1, safety and milk quality
Authors:   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin, Zabashta Nikolay N. , Golovko Elena N. , Lisovitskaya Ekaterina P. , Zabashta Nikolay N ,   Krasnodar Scientific-Research Veterinary Institute - separate structural unit of the Krasnodar Scientific Center for Zootechnology and Veterinary Medicine, Sarbatova Natalya Yu. , Bezverkhaya Natalya S. , Ogneva Olga A. ,   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin
Published: December 2020

Summary. Mycotoxins exert a negative effect on large horned cattle through a decrease in feed intake. Extreme drought conditions during the cultivation and harvest of crops included in the diet of cows can lead to a dangerous increase in the concentration of aflatoxin B1, a highly toxic and carcinogenic substance from the group of mycotoxins from microscopic fungi Aspergillus, mainly Aspergillusflavus and Aspergillusparasiticus. As a result, milk will be contaminated with aflatoxin M1 (AFM1). In LLC AF Khutorok Timashevsky District Krasnodar Territory in an experiment on dairy cows with the inclusion of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contaminated feed in the diet, established the minimum dose of aflatoxin B1 in feed in the amount of 2 mg / head per day. The minimum amount of aflatoxin B1 in the diet caused the appearance of a secondary metabolite - aflatoxin M1 in cow's milk. Aflatoxin M1, formed in the body of dairy cows by a metabolic route from aflatoxin B1 introduced with food, was excreted in milk for 72 hours. It was found that with the addition of a broad spectrum mycotoxin adsorbent based on glucans of the cell wall of yeast and algae to the diet, the AFM1 content in milk decreased (on average by 60%). In addition, when this adsorbent was added to diets, the average level of AFM1 in milk was 3 times lower compared to the control. The rate of excretion of AFM1 from the body of cows was determined. Its maximum amount of 0.15800 mcg / kg was excreted in milk during the third day from the last summer AFV1. When storing grain fodder, the content of mycotoxins should be determined and a constant analysis should be carried out according to microbiological safety indicators.
Pathomorphological changes at experimental mycotoxicosis in broiler chickens
Authors:   Kropotkin regional veterinary laboratory, Chernykh Oleg Yu. , Drobin Yury D. , Soldatenko Nikolay A. , Fetisov Leonid N. , Sazonova Ekaterina A. ,   North Caucasian Zonal Scientific-Research Veterinary Institute - branch of the Federal Rostov Agrarian Scientific Center, Lysenko Aleksanr A. ,   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin
Published: December 2020

Summary. Data on the effect of mycotoxins on the organism of broiler chickens, and the indirect effect of offal obtained from poultry, fed with mixed feed infected with mycotoxins, that people eat were analyzed in the article. In particular, it has been proved that in experimental DON-toxicosis and experimental citrinin-toxicosis in broiler chickens, these toxins are able to cumulate in organs and tissues and cause clinical and pathological changes. DON exceeded the maximum allowable level for chickens more than 2 times, citrinin exceeded the MDL by more than 20 times. In the first experimental group, the incidence rate of poultry reached 83.3% by the 7th day of feeding and mortality - 52.2% of the number of cases. During the autopsy of the dead chickens it was found that the liver was blood-filled, with areas of necrosis, the gall bladder was full of bile, the muscular wall of the atria was thinned. At experimental citrinin toxicosis, as well as in the first experimental group, diarrhea with an admixture of blood was observed in chickens. At the autopsy there was inflammation of the small and large intestines, the liver was blood-filled, and the intestines were hyperemic. For deoxynivalenol, the fact of accumulation of this mycotoxin in the tissues of the organs of chickens of the 1st group was reliably established. The data on the accumulation in the organs and tissues of broiler chickens of other mycotoxins in our experiments were unreliable and require additional studies.
Rationalization of surgical instruments and devices for working with small laboratory animals
Authors:   Russian Scientific Center of Restorative Traumatology and Orthopaedics named after academician G.A. Ilizarov of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Kubrak Nadezhda V. , Kirsanova Anastasiya Yu.
Published: December 2020

Summary. Scientific research is impossible without experiments on laboratory animals. At the same time, difficulties often arise in equipping such works with surgical instruments and technical devices. The aim of this study is creation and testing the surgical instruments for working with small laboratory animals. Surgical instruments were created and introduced into practice: a surgical hook, a retractor, a device for static fixation of tissues, and also a device for fixing animals. The developed instruments were tested in experiments on 160 laboratory rats for surgery on the spine and spinal cord. Usability, wear resistance, the ability to produce multiple copies were evaluated. These instruments have also been disinfected and sterilized with special equipment. The device for fixing animals was used during x-ray examinations. The use of the presented devices showed their ergonomics, resistance to processing cycles, as well as compliance with the requirements for medical instruments.
Heat stress problem in dairy farming
Authors:   Krasnodar Research Centre for Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Rud Ekaterina N. , Kuzminova Elena V. , Semenenko Marina P. , Abramov Andrey A. ,   Krasnodar Scientific Center for Zootechnology and Veterinary Medicine, Rud Nikolay A. ,   Veterinary Department of Krasnodar region
Published: December 2020

In the context of the industrial survival of animal husbandry, taking into account the climatic characteristics of Krasnodar region, climate is considered as a heat stress, the result of an imbalance between the intake of heat from the environment and its release by the body. To assess the risks of occurrence and severity of heat stress in cattle, it is necessary to take into account not only the ambient temperature, but also humidity indicators. The temperature and humidity index provides for these two variables and allows us to assess the need for cooling of animals. The article provides information on the possibilities of occurrence and impact of heat stress due to the temperature-humidity state of the environment. Analysis of the reporting data of the Veterinary Department of Krasnodar region and the number of industries in Krasnodar region and cattle sampling rates from 2017 to 2019 demonstrates an increase in the number of abortions and youth losses during the third quarter when the temperature of the environment reaches its maximum. With this in mind, to increase the adaptability of animals under prolonged heat stress, it is necessary to regularly monitor the environmental parameters (use of thermometers and hygrometers to assess the temperature and humidity index), as well as plan protective measures (adapted feeding technology, specialized additives, good bulky feed), which will help to minimize the negative impact of hyperthermia on the economy of livestock production.
Insecticidal efficacy of binary fly bait against houseflies Musca Domestica L.
Authors:   All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Veterinary Entomology and Arachnology, Levchenko Mikhail A. , Silivanova Elena A. ,   All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Veterinary Entomology and Arachnology
Published: December 2020

Modern methods of veterinary disinsection are based on the use of chemical agents. Efficiency of insecticides is determined by composition, form and method of use. Use of mixtures of insecticidal active substances is recommended as one of the anti-resistance strategies, with the most preferred formulations in the form of baits. The purpose of the present work was to evaluate the insecticidal efficacy of the bait composition containing ivermectin and fipronil against the adult fly of Musca domestica L. Intestinal insecticidal effect of a mixture of two active substances (ivermectin and fipronil) on the imago of M. domestica laboratory culture was evaluated by the method of group feeding in laboratory conditions. A mixture containing 0.06% ivermectin and 0.015% fipronil caused the death of (97.6 ± 2.4)% of insects during 24 hours of exposure. Developed insecticidal bait Mukhnet IF (ivermectin 0.06% + fipronil 0.015%) had a 100% insecticidal effect against imago M. domestica in the laboratory after 48 hours of exposure, as well as the monocomponent bait Mukhnet I (ivermectin 0.6%) and Mukhnet F (fipronil 0.15%) and Agita comparison drug (thiamethoxam 10%). The insecticidal efficacy of the developed bait Mukhnet IF against flies in the production environment on the first day after processing the livestock building was 96.7%, which is comparable to the efficiency of the monocomponent bait Mukhnet I and Mukhnet F and the comparison preparation. Obtained results allowed authors to propose «Method for reducing the number of flies at objects of veterinary sanitary inspection» (RU 2692620).
A Dual-Crosslinked and Anisotropic Regenerated Cellulose/Boron Nitride Nanosheets Film With High Thermal Conductivity, Mechanical Strength, and Toughness
Authors: Xu Xuran , Su Yichuan , Zhang Yongzheng , Wu Shuaining , Wu Kai , Fu Qiang
Published: December 2020

The highly thermo-conductive but electrically insulating film, with desirable mechanical performances, is extremely demanded for thermal management of portable and wearable electronics. The integration of boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) with regenerated cellulose (RC) is a sustainable strategy to satisfy these requirements, while its practical application is still restricted by the brittle fracture and loss of toughness of the composite films especially at the high BNNS addition. Herein, a dual-crosslinked strategy accompanied with uniaxial pre-stretching treatment was introduced to engineer the artificial RC/BNNS film, in which partial chemical bonding interactions enable the effective interfiber slippage and prevent any mechanical fracture, while non-covalent hydrogen bonding interactions serve as the sacrifice bonds to dissipate the stress energy, resulting in a simultaneous high mechanical strength (103.4 MPa) and toughness (10.2 MJ/m3) at the BNNS content of 45 wt%. More importantly, attributed to the highly anisotropic configuration of BNNS, the RC/BNNS composite film also behaves as an extraordinary in-plane thermal conductivity of 15.2 W/m·K. Along with additional favorable water resistance and bending tolerance, this tactfully engineered film ensures promised applications for heat dissipation in powerful electronic devices.
Extracellular RNA as a Versatile DAMP and Alarm Signal That Influences Leukocyte Recruitment in Inflammation and Infection
Authors: Preissner Klaus T. , Fischer Silvia , Deindl Elisabeth
Published: December 2020

Upon vascular injury, tissue damage, ischemia, or microbial infection, intracellular material such as nucleic acids and histones is liberated and comes into contact with the vessel wall and circulating blood cells. Such “Danger-associated molecular patterns” (DAMPs) may thus have an enduring influence on the inflammatory defense process that involves leukocyte recruitment and wound healing reactions. While different species of extracellular RNA (exRNA), including microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, have been implicated to influence inflammatory processes at different levels, recentin vitroandin vivowork has demonstrated a major impact of ribosomal exRNA as a prominent DAMP on various steps of leukocyte recruitment within the innate immune response. This includes the induction of vascular hyper-permeability and vasogenic edema by exRNA via the activation of the “vascular endothelial growth factor” (VEGF) receptor-2 system, as well as the recruitment of leukocytes to the inflamed endothelium, the M1-type polarization of inflammatory macrophages, or the role of exRNA as a pro-thrombotic cofactor to promote thrombosis. Beyond sterile inflammation, exRNA also augments the docking of bacteria to host cells and the subsequent microbial invasion. Moreover, upon vessel occlusion and ischemia, the shear stress-induced release of exRNA initiates arteriogenesis (i.e., formation of natural vessel bypasses) in a multistep process that resembles leukocyte recruitment. Although exRNA can be counteracted for by natural circulating RNase1, under the conditions mentioned, only the administration of exogenous, thermostable, non-toxic RNase1 provides an effective and safe therapeutic regimen for treating the damaging activities of exRNA. It remains to be investigated whether exRNA may also influence viral infections (including COVID-19), e.g., by supporting the interaction of host cells with viral particles and their subsequent invasion. In fact, as a consequence of the viral infection cycle, massive amounts of exRNA are liberated, which can provoke further tissue damage and enhance virus dissemination. Whether the application of RNase1 in this scenario may help to limit the extent of viral infections like COVID-19 and impact on leukocyte recruitment and emigration steps in immune defense in order to limit the extent of associated cardiovascular diseases remains to be studied.
Spatially Explicit Capture-Recapture Through Camera Trapping: A Review of Benchmark Analyses for Wildlife Density Estimation
Authors: Green Austin M. , Chynoweth Mark W. , Şekercioğlu Çağan Hakkı
Published: December 2020

Camera traps have become an important research tool for both conservation biologists and wildlife managers. Recent advances in spatially explicit capture-recapture (SECR) methods have increasingly put camera traps at the forefront of population monitoring programs. These methods allow for benchmark analysis of species density without the need for invasive fieldwork techniques. We conducted a review of SECR studies using camera traps to summarize the current focus of these investigations, as well as provide recommendations for future studies and identify areas in need of future investigation. Our analysis shows a strong bias in species preference, with a large proportion of studies focusing on large felids, many of which provide the only baseline estimates of population density for these species. Furthermore, we found that a majority of studies produced density estimates that may not be precise enough for long-term population monitoring. We recommend simulation and power analysis be conducted before initiating any particular study design and provide examples using readily available software. Furthermore, we show that precision can be increased by including a larger study area that will subsequently increase the number of individuals photo-captured. As many current studies lack the resources or manpower to accomplish such an increase in effort, we recommend that researchers incorporate new technologies such as machine-learning, web-based data entry, and online deployment management into their study design. We also cautiously recommend the potential of citizen science to help address these study design concerns. In addition, modifications in SECR model development to include species that have only a subset of individuals available for individual identification (often called mark-resight models), can extend the process of explicit density estimation through camera trapping to species not individually identifiable.
Can Differences in Symbiont Transmission Mode Explain the Abundance and Distribution of Fungus-Growing Termites in West Africa?
Authors: Korb Judith , Silué Simon Kolotchèlèma , Koné N'golo Abdoulaye
Published: December 2020

Fungus-growing termites (Isoptera: Macrotermitinae) dominate African savannah ecosystems where they play important roles in ecosystem functioning. Their ecological dominance in these ecosystems has been attributed to living in an ectosymbiosis with fungi of the genus Termitomyces (Lyophyllaceae). Evolutionary theory predicts that the transmission mode of a symbiont determines cooperation and conflict between host and symbiont with vertical transmission (co-transmission of host and symbiont offspring to the next generation) leading to less conflict than horizontal transmission (symbionts are acquired by the host from the environment). Thus, one can hypothesize associations with vertical transmission to be ecological more successful than those with horizontal transmission. We tested this by analyzing whether there is an association between transmission mode and fungus-growing termite species abundance and distribution in West-African savannah and forest ecosystems. We used data from a total of 78 study sites comprising protected National Parks as well as anthropogenically disturbed ecosystems, covering Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, and Togo. Our results showed that, in contrast to expectation, species with horizontal symbiont transmission were more common. We encountered more often species with horizontal than vertical transmission. This result might be due to the fact that only five out of the 25 identified fungus-growing termite species had vertical transmission. Yet, species with horizontal transmission also had higher relative abundances within study sites than those with vertical transmission. Thus, transmission mode is unlikely to explain abundance differences between fungus-growing termite species.
Integrated Analysis of Immunity- and Ferroptosis-Related Biomarker Signatures to Improve the Prognosis Prediction of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Du Xuanlong , Zhang Yewei
Published: December 2020

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor with high mortality and poor prognoses around the world. Ferroptosis is a new form of cell death, and some studies have found that it is related to cancer immunotherapy. The aim of our research was to find immunity- and ferroptosis-related biomarkers to improve the treatment and prognosis of HCC by bioinformatics analysis.

Methods

First, we obtained the original RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) expression data and corresponding clinical data of HCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TGCA) database and performed differential analysis. Second, we used immunity- and ferroptosis-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) to perform a computational difference algorithm and Cox regression analysis. Third, we explored the potential molecular mechanisms and properties of immunity- and ferroptosis-related DEGs by computational biology and performed a new prognostic index based on immunity- and ferroptosis-related DEGs by multivariable Cox analysis. Finally, we used HCC data from International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) data to perform validation.

Results

We obtained 31 immunity (p < 0.001)- and 14 ferroptosis (p < 0.05)-related DEGs correlated with overall survival (OS) in the univariate Cox regression analysis. Then, we screened five immunity- and two ferroptosis-related DEGs (HSPA4, ISG20L2, NRAS, IL17D, NDRG1, ACSL4, and G6PD) to establish a predictive model by multivariate Cox regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and Kaplan–Meier (K–M) analyses demonstrated a good performance of the seven-biomarker signature. Functional enrichment analysis including Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) revealed that the seven-biomarker signature was mainly associated with HCC-related biological processes such as nuclear division and the cell cycle, and the immune status was different between the two risk groups.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that this specific seven-biomarker signature may be clinically useful in the prediction of HCC prognoses beyond conventional clinicopathological factors. Moreover, it also brings us new insights into the molecular mechanisms of HCC.
Spatial Distribution and Abundance of Mesopelagic Fish Biomass in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Clavel-Henry Morane , Piroddi Chiara , Quattrocchi Federico , Macias Diego , Christensen Villy
Published: December 2020

Mesopelagic fish, being in the middle of the trophic web, are important key species for the marine environment; yet limited knowledge exists about their biology and abundance. This is particularly true in the Mediterranean Sea where no regional assessment is currently undertaken regarding their biomass and/or distribution. This study evaluates spatial and temporal patterns of mesopelagic fish biomass in the 1994–2011 period. We do that for the whole Mediterranean Sea using two well-established statistical models, the Generalized Additive Model (GAM) and Random Forest (RF). Results indicate that the bathymetry played an important role in the estimation of mesopelagic fish biomass and in its temporal and spatial distribution. The average biomass over the whole time period reached 1.08 and 0.10 t/km2, depending on the model considered. The Western Mediterranean and Ionian Seas were the sub-regions with the highest biomass, while the Adriatic was the area with the lowest. Temporal trends showed different trajectories with steep decrease and a fluctuation, using respectively RF and GAM. This study constitutes the first attempt to estimate the biomass and the spatial temporal patterns of mesopelagic fish using environmental variables as predictors. Given the growing interest in mesopelagic fish, our study sets a baseline to further develop mesopelagic fish biomass assessments in the region. Our results stress the need to improve data collection and quality in the region while identifying appropriate tools to better understand and assess the processes behind mesopelagic fish dynamics in the basin.
Anesthesia-Sepsis-Associated Alterations in Liver Gene Expression Profiles and Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Complexes
Authors: Osuru Hari Prasad , Paila Umadevi , Ikeda Keita , Zuo Zhiyi , Thiele Robert H.
Published: December 2020

Background: Hepatic dysfunction plays a major role in adverse outcomes in sepsis. Volatile anesthetic agents may protect against organ dysfunction in the setting of critical illness and infection. The goal of this study was to study the impact of Sepsis-inflammation on hepatic subcellular energetics in animals anesthetized with both Propofol (intravenous anesthetic agent and GABA agonist) and Isoflurane (volatile anesthetic i.e., VAA).

Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with Propofol or isoflurane. Rats in each group were randomized to celiotomy and closure (control) or cecal ligation and puncture “CLP” (Sepsis-inflammation) for 8 h.

Results: Inflammation led to upregulation in hepatic hypoxia-inducible factor-1 in both groups. Rats anesthetized with isoflurane also exhibited increases in bcl-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) during inflammation, whereas rats anesthetized with Propofol did not. In rats anesthetized with isoflurane, decreased mRNA, protein (Complex II, IV, V), and activity levels (Complex II/III,IV,V) were identified for all components of the electron transport chain, leading to a decrease in mitochondrial ATP. In contrast, in rats anesthetized with Propofol, these changes were not identified after exposure to inflammation. RNA-Seq and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) expression analysis identified a substantial difference between groups (isoflurane vs. Propofol) in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) related gene expression following exposure to Sepsis-inflammation.

Conclusions: Compared to rats anesthetized with Propofol, those anesthetized with isoflurane exhibit more oxidative stress, decreased oxidative phosphorylation protein expression, and electron transport chain activity and increased expression of organ-protective proteins.
Immature Platelet Dynamics in Immune-Mediated Thrombocytopenic States
Authors: Reeves Hollie M. , Maitta Robert W.
Published: December 2020

A major challenge encountered by clinicians is differentiating presentations characterized by significant thrombocytopenia due to overlapping clinical symptoms and signs in the setting of ambiguous laboratory results. Immature platelets represent the youngest platelets that can be measured in peripheral blood by current hematology analyzers. These young platelets are larger, with higher RNA content recently released from the bone marrow. Thrombocytopenic presentations caused directly or indirectly by immune responses can lead to compensatory bone marrow responses seeking to normalize the platelet count; thus obtaining absolute immature platelet counts may be informative while triaging patients. Over the last decade, their use has expanded beyond being an early biomarker of bone marrow reconstitution post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation to being used to establish bone marrow responses to infection and thrombocytopenias due to immune etiologies. Its accessibility as part of more detailed platelet indices obtained with routine laboratories makes it a promising option to understand the bone marrow's real-time response to disease states characterized by thrombocytopenia. This review will look at the immature platelet count as a biomarker, while presenting current attempts trying to understand how it could be used in thrombocytopenias occurring secondary to a given immune etiology.