bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of the Azido‐Functionalized Ruthenocene Analogue [TpmRu(p‐N3C6H4)Tp]Cl and Its Attachment to Biomolecules by Copper‐Catalyzed Azide–Alkyne Cycloaddition
Authors: Zagermann Johannes , Klein Kathrin , Merz Klaus , Molon Mariusz , Metzler‐Nolte Nils
Published: August 2011

The mixed‐ligand tris(pyrazolyl)borate sandwich compound [TpmRuTp′]Cl (2) was prepared by microwave‐assisted synthesis from Tp′Ru(COD)Cl (1) [Tp = tris(pyrazolyl)borate; Tp′ = p‐bromophenyltris(pyrazolyl)borate; Tpm = tris(pyrazolyl)methane; COD = 1,4‐cyclooctadiene]. Subsequently, 2 was converted to the azide‐functionalized [TpmRu(p‐N3C6H4Tp)] (3), which can be readily coupled to biomolecules by Cu‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (Cu‐AAC) in solution, as exemplified by the covalent attachment to pentyne‐functionalized HC(CH2)2–CO–Val–OtBu (4), and an alkyne derivative of the neuropeptide enkephaline HC(CH2)2–CO–ENK–OH (ENK = enkephaline, Tyr–Gly–Gly–Phe–Leu). The resulting triazole compounds [TpmRu({p‐C2N3H–(CH2)2–CO–Val–OtBu}Tp)]Cl (5) and [TpmRu({p‐C2N3H–(CH2)2–CO–ENK–OH}Tp)]Cl (6), represent the first [3+2] cycloaddition products of azide‐functionalized Tp compounds. They were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Furthermore, 1, 2, and 3 as well as the reaction intermediate [(κ2‐N,N′‐Tpm)RuCl(Tp′)] (2a) were characterized in the solid state by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction.
Synthesis and Glutathione Peroxidase‐Like Activities of Isoselenazolines
Authors: Singh Vijay P. , Singh Harkesh B. , Butcher Ray J.
Published: August 2011

The aromatic nucleophilic substitution (SNAr) reactions ofN‐(2‐bromo‐3‐nitrobenzyl)aniline (18),N‐(2‐bromo‐3‐nitrobenzyl)‐4‐methylaniline (19) andN‐(2‐bromo‐3‐nitrobenzyl)‐4‐nitroaniline (20) with [nBuSeNa] affordN‐[2‐(butylselanyl)‐3‐nitrobenzyl]aniline (21),N‐[2‐(butylselanyl)‐3‐nitrobenzyl]‐4‐methylaniline (22) andN‐[2‐(butylselanyl)‐3‐nitrobenzyl]‐4‐nitroaniline (23), respectively. The bromination of21results in the formation of cyclic isoselenazolines 7‐nitro‐2‐phenyl‐2,3‐dihydrobenzisoselenazole (27) and 2‐(4‐bromophenyl)‐7‐nitro‐2,3‐dihydrobenzisoselenazole (28). The bromination of22affords isoselenazolines 2‐(4‐methylphenyl)‐7‐nitro‐2,3‐dihydrobenzisoselenazole (29) and 2‐(2‐bromo‐4‐methylphenyl)‐7‐nitro‐2,3‐dihydrobenzisoselenazole (30) along with some other products. The bromination of23under identical conditions gave 2‐(2‐bromo‐4‐nitrophenyl)‐7‐nitro‐2,3‐dihydrobenzisoselenazole (31). The oxidation reaction of21–22with H2O2yielded isoselenazolineSe‐oxides 7‐nitro‐2‐phenyl‐2,3‐dihydrobenzisoselenazole 1‐oxide (33) and 2‐(4‐methylphenyl)‐7‐nitro‐2‐phenyl‐2,3‐dihydrobenzisoselenazole 1‐oxide (34), respectively. The new isoselenazolines and isoselenazolineSe‐oxides, stabilized by intramolecular secondary Se···O interactions, have been structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies and investigated by computational studies. In addition to the synthesis and characterization, the glutathione peroxidase (GPx)‐like activities of isoselenazolines and isoselenazolineSe‐oxides have been evaluated by coupled reductase assays.
Endogenous treatment effects for count data models with endogenous participation or sample selection
Authors: Bratti Massimiliano , Miranda Alfonso
Published: August 2011

In this paper, we propose an estimator for models in which an endogenous dichotomous treatment affects a count outcome in the presence of either sample selection or endogenous participation using maximum simulated likelihood. We allow for the treatment to have an effect on the participation or the sample selection rule and on the main outcome. Applications of this model are frequent in–but no limited to–health economics. We show an application of the model using data from Kenkel and Terza (2001), who investigate the effect of physician advice on the amount of alcohol consumption. Our estimates suggest that in these data (i) neglecting treatment endogeneity leads to a wrongly signed effect of physician advice on drinking intensity, (ii) accounting for treatment endogeneity but neglecting endogenous participation leads to an upward biased estimate of the treatment effect and (iii) advice affects only the drinking intensive margin but not drinking prevalence. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The risk of breast cancer in women with a BRCA1 mutation from North America and Poland
Authors: Lubinski Jan , Huzarski Tomasz , Byrski Tomasz , Lynch Henry T. , Cybulski Cezary , Ghadirian Parviz , Stawicka Malgorzata , Foulkes William D. , Kilar Ewa , Kim‐Sing Charmaine , Neuhausen Susan L. , Armel Susan , Gilchrist Dawna , Sweet Kevin , Gronwald Jacek , Eisen Andrea , Gorski Bohdan , Sun Ping , Narod Steven A. ,   the Hereditary Breast Cancer Clinical Study Group
Published: August 2011

Women with a BRCA1 mutation face a high lifetime risk of breast cancer. It is unknown to what extent environmental factors modify the inherent genetic risk. If women from different countries, but with similar mutations, experience different levels of cancer risk, nongenetic risk modifiers are likely to be present. Study subjects were a cohort of 1477 women with a BRCA1 mutation, from Canada (n = 358), the United States (n = 256) and Poland (n = 863). The women were followed for a mean of 4.3 years and 130 incident cases of breast cancer were recorded. Annual cancer incidence rates were calculated, and based on these, penetrance curves were constructed for women from North America and Poland. In a Cox proportional hazards model, residence in Poland, versus North America, was associated with an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.54 (95% CI 0.34‐0.86; p = 0.01). The risk of breast cancer to age 70 was estimated to be 49% for women from Poland and 72% for women from North America. Among women with BRCA1 mutations, the risk of breast cancer in women who reside in Poland is less than that of women who reside in North America. The reasons for the difference are unknown, but this observation suggests that environmental factors or genetic modifiers are important in determining risk.
Physicochemical, functional and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory properties of amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) 7S globulin
Authors: Quiroga Alejandra V , Aphalo Paula , Ventureira Jorge L , Martínez E Nora , Añón María C
Published: August 2011

BACKGROUND: Amaranth 7S globulin is a minor globulin component and its impact on the properties of an amaranth protein ingredient depends on its proportion in the variety of amaranth being considered. Some physicochemical, functional and angiotesin I‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory properties of amaranth vicilin were studied in this work and compared with the 11S globulin.

RESULTS: Fluorescence spectroscopy results indicated that 7S globulin tryptophans were more exposed to the solvent and, by calorimetry, the 7S globulin denaturation temperature (Td) was found lower than the 11S globulin Td, suggesting a more flexible structure. The 7S globulin surface hydrophobicity was higher than that of the 11S globulin, which is in agreement with the better emulsifying properties of the 7S globulin. The solubility in neutral buffer of the 7S globulin (851 ± 25 g kg−1) was also higher than that of the 11S globulin (195 ± 6 g kg−1). Bioinformatic analyses showed the presence of ACE inhibitory peptides encrypted in 7S tryptic sequences and peptides released after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion showed a high ACE‐inhibitory capacity (IC50 = 0.17 g L−1), similar to that of 11S globulin peptides.

CONCLUSION: Compared with the 11S globulin, the 7S globulin presents similar ACE inhibitory activity and some functional advantages, better solubility and emulsifying activity, which suits some food requirements. The functional behavior has been related with the structural properties. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Nonequilibrium carrier dynamics in bulk HPHT diamond at two‐photon carrier generation
Authors: Ščajev Patrik , Gudelis Vytautas , Ivakin Eugeny , Jarašiūnas Kęstutis
Published: August 2011

We demonstrate applicability of time‐resolved free‐carrier absorption and transient grating techniques for investigation of carrier recombination and diffusion features in a bulk diamond. Carrier injection into a 1 mm thick, IIa type high‐pressure high‐temperature grown layer was realized by two‐photon absorption of ∼5 ps laser pulse at 351 nm wavelength. Kinetics of differential transmission in 80–800 K range at various excess carrier densities provided carrier lifetimes of 360 ns at room temperature and their temperature dependences. A linear increase of carrier recombination rate with injection in 450–800 K range resulted in carrier lifetimes up to 1 ns and was fitted by effective coefficient B* = 2 × 10−11– 4 × 10−9 cm3/s. The latter process was attributed to a trap‐assisted Auger recombination (TAAR) with coefficient CTAAR = B*/NTrap and tentatively ascribed to nitrogen related traps. An ambipolar carrier mobility with its peak value of ∼1500 cm2/Vs at room temperature was measured by transient grating technique at ∼1.5 × 1015 cm−3 excess carrier density.
Electron emission from diamond p–i–n junction diode with heavily P‐doped n+ top layer
Authors: Takeuchi D. , Makino T. , Kato H. , Okushi H. , Yamasaki S.
Published: August 2011

We found clear improvement in electron emission performances in low injection region of hydrogenated diamond p–i–n junction diodes with heavily phosphorous‐doped (P‐doped) n+ “top” layer, where the “top” layer faced to a collector electrode. The emission started just below 4.5 V, that is the built‐in potential expected as diamond p–n junction diode with boron acceptors and phosphorous donors. In this flat‐band condition, the electron emission efficiency (η) reached to 0.2% during room temperature (RT) operation, and η > 1% during 573 K operation were obtained, whereas, the previous diamond p–i–n junction diode without the heavily P‐doped top layer showed η < 10−6% in these temperature ranges. In such low injection region, the results indicated that direct emission of electrons injected from n‐layer to i‐layer contributed to the electron emission. With high diode current Id = 80 mA, we obtained the highest emission net current Ie = 78 µA up to now, and the η = 0.1% during RT operation. A dependence of η upon the forward diode current suggested that there were two electron emission mechanism in the same sample. Electroluminescence results suggested that exciton‐derived electron emission might be concerned in the high current injection region.
Evaluation of Packaging Film Mechanical Integrity Using a Standardized Scratch Test Instrument
Authors: Hare B. A. , Moyse A. , Sue H.‐J.
Published: August 2011

A new method for evaluating the mechanical integrity of food packaging films is developed. The standardized linear increasing load scratch test (ASTM D7027‐05/ISO 19252:2008) approach has been successfully utilized to evaluate the mechanical integrity of a set of model packaging films. Mechanical clamp and vacuum fixtures were considered for securing the films to a set of backing materials and tested under various testing rates and film orientation conditions. Film performance was evaluated according to their puncture load. Based on the aforementioned study, the vacuum fixture offers the most consistent and meaningful results by providing a more intimate contact between film and backing and minimizing extraneous motion of the film during testing. Additional testing was also carried out on a commercial film to confirm similarity between damages observed in the scratched films and that from the field. The scratch test gives good correlation between field performance and scratch test results on a set of commercial films. The usefulness of the scratch test methodology for packaging film mechanical integrity evaluation is discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Retail Buyers’ Decision-Making and Buy National Campaigns
Authors: Insch Andrea , Prentice Rebecca S. , Knight John G.
Published: August 2011

This study applies heuristic modes of decision making to retail buyer purchasing in the context of buy-national campaigns. Launching of a new buy-national campaign in New Zealand provides an opportunity to examine its influence on retail buyers’ purchase decisions. In-depth interviews with retail buyers in grocery and specialist chains reveal that these gatekeepers adopt a categorisation approach when assessing the likely success of new products. Country-of-origin and the influence of a buy-national campaign are largely irrelevant in their pragmatic and intuitive decisions. This mirrors their perceptions of consumers’ response to the campaign. The findings also suggest that a gap between retailers’ support for the ideals of the campaign and their pragmatic views of its irrelevance to consumers may undermine the intent and outcomes of such campaigns.
Hip and Groin Pain in the Professional Athlete
Authors: McSweeney Sean E. , Naraghi Ali , Salonen David , Theodoropoulos John , White Lawrence M.
Published: August 2011

Hip and groin pain is a common condition in professional athletes and may result from an acute injury or from chronic, repetitive trauma. It is responsible for significant morbidity, which leads to time away from training and competition, and may result in a career-ending injury. The anatomic and biomechanical causes for hip and groin injuries are among the most complex and controversial in the musculoskeletal system. This makes clinical differentiation and subsequent management difficult because of the considerable overlap of symptoms and signs. This review article will evaluate several pathologic conditions of the hip and groin in athletes, divided into acute (secondary to single event) and chronic (secondary to altered biomechanical load or repetitive microtrauma) injuries, with an emphasis on imaging in the diagnosis of these injuries. Appropriate use of imaging along with clinical findings can allow accurate diagnosis and subsequent appropriate management of these patients to ultimately allow return to athletic activity.
The effect of post‐surgical neuroplasticity on the stability of systemic pain perception: A psychophysical study
Authors: Granot M. , Weissman‐Fogel I.
Published: August 2011

Background

Surgery‐induced neuroplasticity at spinal and supra‐spinal levels is assumed to evoke a clinical acute post‐operative pain (cAPOP) experience, which is expressed by allodynia and/or hyperalgesia. It remains unclear whether the systemic pain perception measured outside the incision area remains unchanged and whether it is affected by the presence of cAPOP.

Aims

This study explored whether the systemic perception of experimental pain would be altered towards hypersensitivity following elective gynecological surgery unmasked by opioids.

Methods

A perioperative psychophysical evaluation of heat pain thresholds (HPT) and pain estimations were obtained in a remote bodily area before and after surgery among 35 women.

Results

The ratings for both pain dimensions of intensity and unpleasantness remained stable following surgery. However, there was a reduction found in HPT the day after surgery (43.6 ± 2.2 °C to 42.2 ± 3.1 °C, p = 0.002). This reduction was associated with lower HPT measured before surgery (r = .56, p < 0.000) and with higher cAPOP intensity obtained at rest (r = −.44, p = 0.008).

Conclusions

This post‐surgical allodynia, as reflected by the systemic enhancement of pain perception, may represent plasticity in the central pain pathways at the supra‐spinal level. Pre‐surgical assessment of a patient's pain perception profile may predict certain pain dimensions of post‐surgical pain plasticity. The evaluation of individual pain profiles may contribute to a mechanism‐based approach aimed to attenuate the cAPOP.
Effects of Modified Adeli Suit Therapy on Improvement of Gross Motor Function in Children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Mahani Mohammad Khayatzadeh , Karimloo Masood , Amirsalari Susan
Published: August 2011

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the effects of the Modified Adeli suit therapy (MAST) on improvement of gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy (CP).

Methods

Thirty-six children with CP assigned by match pairs to three equal groups such as the MAST, the AST, and the Neurodevelopmental Treatment. They were treated for 4 weeks, 2 hr/d, 5 d/wk. All children were tested by the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) at baseline, immediately before and 16 weeks after treatments.

Results

All groups had improvement in the GMFM after treatment (p < .01) and there were significant differences among groups (p < .01). In the follow-up study, no significant improvement in the GMFM was seen within groups (p > .05), but again there were significant differences among groups (p < .01).

Conclusion

The MAST was more effective than using either the AST or the Neurodevelopmental treatment on improvement of gross motor function in children with CP after treatment and at follow-up.
Validation of Child Behavior Rating Scale in Singapore (Part 2): Convergent and Discriminant Validity
Authors: Lim Sok Mui , Rodger Sylvia , Brown Ted
Published: August 2011

Background/Objective

In a previous study, the Child Behavior Rating Scales (CBRSs) were found to assess interpersonal social skills (IPS) and learning-related social skills (LRSS) in young Singaporean children. This study aimed to evaluate the convergent validity of the IPS scale within the CBRS and the discriminant validity of the LRSS scale within the CBRS with a dynamic occupational therapist assessment, the Evaluation of Social Interaction (ESI).

Methods

Teachers of 117 Singaporean children completed the CBRS. An occupational therapist assessed these children using the naturalistic observational tool ESI. The Rasch-derived scores from the two CBRS scales were correlated with the ESI scores.

Results

The IPS scale within the CBRS demonstrated moderate correlation with ESI, indicating convergent validity. The LRSS scale within the CBRS demonstrated low correlation with ESI, indicating discriminant validity.

Conclusion

This study provides additional validity evidence for the two newly identified CBRS scales. Results of this study suggest the potential of these scales for use by occupational therapists to measure different types of young children's social skills.
Concurrent Infection with Cryptococcus Neoformans/Gattii Species Complex and Mycobacterium Avium Affecting the Subcutis and Bone of a Pelvic Limb in a Cat
Authors: Graham Karina J , Brain Philip H , Spielman Derek , Martin Patricia A , Allan Graeme S , Malik Richard
Published: August 2011

This paper describes a cat with severe localised infections with Cryptococcus neoformans/gattii species complex and Mycobacterium avium affecting the subcutis and underlying fascia and bone of the right pelvic limb. The simultaneous isolation of both pathogens in this patient was unexpected and posed unique issues concerning both diagnosis and clinical management. The aetiopathogenesis of this infection is discussed in relation to aspects of diagnosis and therapy.
Avulsion of the Lateral Head of the Gastrocnemius Muscle in a Cat
Authors: Bali Monty S
Published: August 2011

A 7-year-old male, castrated, domestic shorthair cat was presented with a plantigrade stance of the left pelvic limb. An avulsion of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle was diagnosed based on clinical examination and radiographic assessment. Surgical reduction and fixation were achieved with modified locking loop sutures through bone tunnels in the supracondylar tuberosity of the distal femur. Additionally, a temporary calcaneotibial positional screw was placed in order to neutralise forces on the gastrocnemius muscle. No postoperative complications were encountered and the cat made a full recovery.
Glacial Lake Vitim, a 3000-km3 outburst flood from Siberia to the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Margold Martin , Jansson Krister N. , Stroeven Arjen P. , Jansen John D.
Published: August 2011

A prominent lake formed when glaciers descending from the Kodar Range blocked the River Vitim in central Transbaikalia, Siberia. Glacial Lake Vitim, evidenced by palaeoshorelines and deltas, covered 23,500 km2 and held a volume of ~ 3000 km3. We infer that a large canyon in the area of the postulated ice dam served as a spillway during an outburst flood that drained through the rivers Vitim and Lena into the Arctic Ocean. The inferred outburst flood, of a magnitude comparable to the largest known floods on Earth, possibly explains a freshwater spike at ~ 13 cal ka BP inferred from Arctic Ocean sediments.
Between Revolution and the Ballot Box
Authors: Alonso Paula
Published: August 2011

Founded in 1891, the Unión Cívica Radical, generally known as the Radical Party, is the oldest national political party in Argentina. As a central component of Argentina's political history, the Radical Party has received much attention from historians. However, most accounts have concentrated on the period after 1916, when the party won its first presidential election; the formative years of the party have generally been ignored. Yet as the strongest opposition party during the 1890s, a pivotal decade in the birth of Argentina's party system, the Radical Party effected a critical development in Argentine politics: it created a system of open confrontation and political competition. This study offers not merely a revised version of the party's story but also a new perspective on the nature of the Radical Party and of the politics of the nation as a whole.
The Cambridge Guide to the Solar System
Authors: Lang Kenneth R.
Published: August 2011

Richly illustrated with full-color images, this book is a comprehensive, up-to-date description of the planets, their moons, and recent exoplanet discoveries. This second edition of a now classic reference is brought up to date with fascinating new discoveries from 12 recent Solar System missions. Examples include water on the Moon, volcanism on Mercury's previously unseen half, vast buried glaciers on Mars, geysers on Saturn's moon Enceladus, lakes of hydrocarbons on Titan, encounter with asteroid Itokawa, and sample return from comet Wild 2. The book is further enhanced by hundreds of striking new images of the planets and moons. Written at an introductory level appropriate for undergraduate and high-school students, it provides fresh insights that appeal to anyone with an interest in planetary science. A website hosted by the author contains all the images in the book with an overview of their importance. A link to this can be found at www.cambridge.org/solarsystem.
Situating Opera
Authors: Lindenberger Herbert
Published: August 2011

Setting opera within a variety of contexts - social, aesthetic, historical - Lindenberger illuminates a form that has persisted in recognizable shape for over four centuries. The study examines the social entanglements of opera, for example the relation of Mozart's Abduction from the Seraglio and Verdi's Il trovatore to its initial and later audiences. It shows how modernist opera rethought the nature of theatricality and often challenged its viewers by means of both musical and theatrical shock effects. Using recent experiments in neuroscience, the book demonstrates how different operatic forms developed at different periods to create new ways of exciting a public. Lindenberger considers selected moments of operatic history from Monteverdi's Orfeo to the present to study how the form has communicated with its diverse audiences. Of interest to scholars and operagoers alike, this book advocates and exemplifies opera studies as an active, emerging area of interdisciplinary study.
Elementary Principles in Statistical Mechanics
Authors: Gibbs Josiah Willard
Published: August 2011

Josiah Willard Gibbs (1839–1903) was the greatest American mathematician and physicist of the nineteenth century. He played a key role in the development of vector analysis (his book on this topic is also reissued in this series), but his deepest work was in the development of thermodynamics and statistical physics. This book, Elementary Principles in Statistical Mechanics, first published in 1902, gives his mature vision of these subjects. Mathematicians, physicists and engineers familiar with such things as Gibbs entropy, Gibbs inequality and the Gibbs distribution will find them here discussed in Gibbs' own words.
Astronomy and General Physics Considered with Reference to Natural Theology
Authors: Whewell William
Published: August 2011

A leading British intellectual of the Victorian era, William Whewell (1794-1866) was a contemporary and adviser of Herschel, Darwin and Faraday. A geologist, astronomer, theologian and Master of Trinity College, Cambridge, he was best known for his works on moral philosophy and the history and philosophy of science, and for coining, among others, the term 'scientist'. This book, originally published in 1833, is one of a series of treatises published with the help of a legacy from the Earl of Bridgewater (d.1829), intended to contribute to an understanding of the world as created by God. Though an advocate of religion, Whewell accepts that progress in science leads to an understanding of the laws and processes of the natural world. He argues, however, that ultimately the scientific understanding of creation, astronomy, and the laws of the universe only serves to confirm the idea of a divine designer.
Notes on the United States of North America during a Phrenological Visit in 1838–39–40
Authors: Combe George
Published: August 2011

George Combe (1788–1858) rose from humble origins to tour widely in Europe and the United States, lecturing on phrenology, the popular Victorian belief that character traits were determined by the configuration of the skull. He founded Britain's first Phrenological Society in 1820 in Edinburgh, and was considered the foremost phrenologist of the nineteenth century. These volumes, first published in 1841, contain Combe's account of a phrenological lecture tour he undertook in the United States between 1838 and 1840. In the form of a journal, Combe describes the social and political institutions of the United States, and provides vivid descriptions of American society and customs. He also provides accounts of phrenological practice and the lectures he presented. These volumes provide a wealth of information on nineteenth-century society in America, and invaluable details concerning the practice of phrenology. Volume 2 covers his stay in Philadelphia and Maine.
Memoirs of Libraries
Authors: Edwards Edward
Published: August 2011

This monumental work, first published in 1859, covers the history of libraries from classical times to the mid-nineteenth century, in Britain, Europe and America. The author was influential in founding municipal libraries in nineteenth-century Britain and regarded access to good libraries as crucial to education and civilisation. Volume 1, divided by the author into five 'books', is reissued here in two parts. The first two books deal with classical and medieval libraries, examining English and European monastic libraries in depth. Book 3 describes the core collections of the British Museum and other major university, ecclesiastical and public libraries of Britain and Ireland. Book 4 discusses the principal libraries of America and Book 5 those of continental Europe, from France to Hungary and Russia. The final volume (in four 'books') sets out Edwards' views on all aspects of library management, from physical layout and classification to rules and regulations.
Scottish Abbeys and Social Life
Authors: Coulton G. G.
Published: August 2011

First published in 1933 as part of the Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought series, Coulton's Scottish Abbeys and Social Life was an expanded version of his Rhind Lectures given to the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland in 1931. Although a rigorous academic, who stressed the importance of using primary sources, Coulton was skilled at making medieval history accessible to a wider audience. He played an important role in encouraging interest in the study of social and economic, rather than political and military, history of the Middle Ages among younger scholars. In the present work, he used his wide reading of the evidence to examine how monasticism developed in Scotland, from the early Celtic period to the Reformation. Much of the material reveals a complex relationship between the monks of the various orders and the world in which they lived, and teaches the reader about the Church and Scottish society.
History and Antiquities of the Doric Race
Authors: Müller Carl Otfried
Published: August 2011

This two-volume book, originally published in German in 1824, was revised, corrected and enlarged for this 1830 English translation. Carl Otfried Müller (1797–1840) was a pioneering scholar of ancient civilisations and Greek mythology, who taught at Göttingen for twenty years, but died in Greece during an archaeological expedition.
This first volume focuses on the history of the Dorians from the earliest times to the end of the Peloponnesian War. Müller proposes Mount Olympus as the original home of the Dorians, and describes their subsequent migrations and their principles of government. The second part of Volume 1 is devoted to the religion and mythology of the Dorians and gives detailed accounts of the temples of Apollo and other temples in Asia Minor. The final two chapters discuss the legends and mythology of Hercules.
The Commentaries of the Great Afonso Dalboquerque, Second Viceroy of India
Authors: Albuquerque Afonso de
Published: August 2011

The publications of the Hakluyt Society (founded in 1846) made available edited (and sometimes translated) early accounts of exploration. The first series, which ran from 1847 to 1899, consists of 100 books containing published or previously unpublished works by authors from Christopher Columbus to Sir Francis Drake, and covering voyages to the New World, to China and Japan, to Russia and to Africa and India. Volumes 53, 55, 62 and 69 of the series contain the English translation of The Commentaries of the Great Afonso Dalboquerque, translated and edited by Walter de Grey Birch. Afonso de Albuquerque (1453–1515) was a Portuguese naval officer and nobleman whose successful military campaigns helped establish Portugal's colonies in India. Volume 4 contains a description of his unsuccessful siege of Aden in 1513, his capture of Ormuz in 1515 and his death later the same year.
Memoirs of Libraries
Authors: Edwards Edward
Published: August 2011

This monumental work, first published in 1859, covers the history of libraries from classical times to the mid-nineteenth century, in Britain, Europe and America. The author was influential in founding municipal libraries in nineteenth-century Britain and regarded access to good libraries as crucial to education and civilisation. Volume 1, divided by the author into five 'books', is reissued here in two parts. The first two books deal with classical and medieval libraries, examining English and European monastic libraries in depth. Book 3 describes the core collections of the British Museum and other major university, ecclesiastical and public libraries of Britain and Ireland. Book 4 discusses the principal libraries of America and Book 5 those of continental Europe, from France to Hungary and Russia. This final volume (in four 'books') sets out Edwards' views on all aspects of library management, from physical layout and classification to rules and regulations.
A History of the Old English Letter Foundries
Authors: Reed Talbot Baines
Published: August 2011

Talbot Baines Reed wrote in a period of transition when hot metal typesetting and offset printing were transforming the scale and scope of printing. In the previous 350 years, England had experienced civil war and started the Industrial Revolution. The dissemination of printed information and learning is inextricable to this history, and the art with which this was done is a quintessential part of English culture. Reed is distinctly aware of the great debt that his contemporaries had to the early typographers (notable among them William Caslon - considered the first great English typographer - and John Baskerville), and everywhere in his work is this shown in his meticulous and unstinting presentation of the fascinating details of their artistic exploration and expression. Modern readers will enjoy the technical and historical insight this work affords, and also find the style and presentation fresh and engaging.
Incidents of Travel in Central America, Chiapas, and Yucatan
Authors: Stephens John Lloyd
Published: August 2011

John Lloyd Stephens (1805–1852) was an American politician, explorer and writer who is renowned for his pioneering research into the ancient Maya civilisation of Central America. In 1839 Stephens was appointed a Special Ambassador to the Federal Republic of Central America (modern Belize, Honduras, Nicaragua, Guatemala and El Salvador). First published in 1841, this two-volume work is an account of his travels in 1839 and 1840, visiting and recording ancient Mayan sites. Stephens describes Copán, Palenque and forty-two other ancient sites and includes over fifty illustrations drawn by his travelling companion Frederick Catherwood (1799–1854), a professional architect. Although earlier accounts of Mayan ruins had been published, Stephens' vivid descriptions and Catherwood's meticulous drawings were far more detailed and accurate than previous reports, and kindled Victorian interest in the ancient Maya civilisation. Volume 1 focuses on Copán and the indigenous cultures of Central America.
Vollständige Anleitung zur Niedern und Höhern Algebra
Authors: Euler Leonhard
Published: August 2011

In 1770, one of the founders of pure mathematics, Leonard Euler (1707–1783), published an algebra textbook for students. It was soon translated into French, with notes and additions by Joseph-Louis Lagrange, another giant of eighteenth-century mathematics, and the French edition was used as the basis of the English edition of 1822 (which also appears in this series), and of this 1790s German edition by Johann Philipp Grüson, Professor of Mathematics to the royal cadets. Volume 1 begins with elementary mathematics of determinate quantities and includes four sections on simple calculations (addition, subtraction, division, multiplication), and progresses to compound calculations (fractions), ratios and proportions. This landmark book showed students the beauty of mathematics, and more significantly, how to do it. It provides tangible evidence of the lively and international mathematical community that flourished despite the political uncertainties of the late eighteenth century.
Oeuvres complètes
Authors: Cauchy Augustin-Louis
Published: August 2011

Augustin-Louis, Baron Cauchy (1789–1857) was the pre-eminent French mathematician of the nineteenth century. He began his career as a military engineer during the Napoleonic Wars, but even then was publishing significant mathematical papers, and was persuaded by Lagrange and Laplace to devote himself entirely to mathematics. His greatest contributions are considered to be the Cours d'analyse de l'École Royale Polytechnique (1821), Résumé des leçons sur le calcul infinitésimal (1823) and Leçons sur les applications du calcul infinitésimal à la géométrie (1826–8), and his pioneering work encompassed a huge range of topics, most significantly real analysis, the theory of functions of a complex variable, and theoretical mechanics. Twenty-six volumes of his collected papers were published between 1882 and 1958. The first series (volumes 1-12) consists of papers published by the Académie des Sciences de l'Institut de France; the second series (volumes 13-26) of papers published elsewhere.
Northern ’Ajlûn, 'within the Decapolis'
Authors: Schumacher Gottlieb
Published: August 2011

Gottlieb Schumacher (1857–1925) was an American-born German civil engineer, architect and archaeologist who was influential in the early archaeological explorations of Palestine. His parents were members of the Temple Association, a Protestant group who emigrated to Haifa in 1869. After studying engineering in Stuttgart between 1876 and 1881, Schumacher returned to Haifa and soon assumed a leading role in surveying and construction in the region. First published in 1890 for the Palestine Exploration Fund, this volume contains the results of Schumacher's survey of Northern 'Aljûn in present-day Jordan. This region contains the cities of the ancient Decapolis, a group of Hellenistic cities which were centres of Greek and Roman culture. In this volume Schumacher describes the contemporary villages and ancient ruins in this area, and includes the results of the first surveys of the ancient Decapolis cities of Gadara, Arbela and the disputed site of Capitolias.
Indogermanische Grammatik
Authors: Hirt Hermann Alfred
Published: August 2011

Hermann Hirt (1865–1936) taught Greek, Latin and early Germanic languages at Leipzig University from 1892 to 1912 before moving to the chair of Sanskrit and comparative linguistics at Giessen. Born around the time when Bopp and Schleicher were publishing their ground-breaking work on Indo-European, and a young man when Brugmann published his monumental comparative grammar (all available in this series), Hirt began this seven-volume grammar in the 1920s soon after the exciting discovery of Tocharian and the decipherment of Hittite. The project arose out of his extensive research on the historical phonology of Indo-European vowels, which led him to consider much wider issues. This, the final volume, was in the press when the author died and was published in 1937. It completes Hirt's presentation of syntax with discussion of sentence structure, co-ordination, subordination and word order.
La France Équinoxiale
Authors: Coudreau Henri Anatole
Published: August 2011

Henri Coudreau (1859–1899) was one of the greatest explorers of the nineteenth century. He was highly regarded in his own time as a thoroughly modern expedition leader, and his reports on the anthropological and geographical features of the region were of great value in the expansion of French colonial power. In this magisterial two-volume work, Coudreau describes the history of French settlement and rule in Guyana, and its people, flora and fauna, drawing particular attention to the natural resources ready to be exploited in the region. Based on four years of observations dating from his arrival in Cayenne in 1881, and drawing on extensive field work, the first volume is an informative survey of French Guyana, enlivened by personal experience and opinion, intended to give politicians in France an up to date account of the state of affairs in the colony.
La France Équinoxiale
Authors: Coudreau Henri Anatole
Published: August 2011

Henri Coudreau (1859–1899) was one of the greatest explorers of the nineteenth century. He was highly regarded in his own time as a thoroughly modern expedition leader, and his reports on the anthropological and geographical features of the region were of great value in the expansion of French colonial power. In this magisterial two-volume work, Coudreau describes the history of French settlement and rule in Guyana, and its people, flora and fauna, drawing particular attention to the natural resources ready to be exploited in the region. Volume 2 is an account of Coudreau's travels, mapping and describing remote areas on behalf of the colonial administration. It records the impact of colonialism in South America on native communities now irrevocably altered, and is also important for its early account of the newly declared republic of Counani, a short-lived French-run nation state now part of Brazil.
Unter den Naturvölkern Zentral-Brasiliens
Authors: Steinen Karl von den
Published: August 2011

Karl von den Steinen's classic work, first published in 1894, recounts the second expedition he undertook to the Xingu River in Northeastern Brazil in the years 1887–1888. The book serves both as a travelogue and as a meticulous scientific document. Von den Steinen describes in vivid detail how he and his fellow scientists set out for the city of Cuiabá in the Mato Grosso province and there made significant and lasting discoveries in the areas of geography, cartography, ethnology and anthropology. The expedition visited the villages of nine different tribes and von den Steinen made extensive linguistic observations from which he compiled a small dictionary that forms part of the book. Von den Steinen addresses topics including the physiognomy, sexuality and religious habits of the different tribes, and shows himself to be a keen observer of local customs and traditions.
The North-West Amazons
Authors: Whiffen Thomas
Published: August 2011

This 1915 volume recounts Captain Thomas Whiffen's travels in Brazil and Colombia in the region between the rivers Issa (or Içá) and Apaporis, and the Putumayo District. The study looks at the way in which the indigenous peoples, especially the Boro and Witoto, relate to their land. He describes their way of life, including their homes, agriculture, food, weaponry, warfare, clothing, health and medicine, songs and dances, magic and religion, tribal organisation, the social status of women, and their reaction to strangers. The practice of cannibalism is also addressed and Whiffen suggests some possible reasons for it, including vengeance and supreme insult to enemies, the need to consume all available meat, and the desire to adopt some characteristics of the dead. Appendices include detailed lists of the Native Americans' physical features, deities, vocabulary, and names, and an example of tribal poetry.
Vergleichende Syntax der indogermanischen Sprachen
Authors: Delbrück Berthold
Published: August 2011

Karl Brugmann originally intended to include a volume on syntax in his comparative grammar of Indo-European, but as that ambitious project expanded, he and his publisher enlisted Berthold Delbrück (1842–1922) to take on the treatment of syntax. Delbrück's three volumes on inflection and phrase and sentence structure appeared between 1893 and 1900 and remain the fullest treatment of Indo-European syntax to this day. In this, his first volume, Delbrück gives an overview of the prevailing academic positions in the field of Indo-European comparative syntax of his day. He applies the Neogrammarian methodology used by Brugmann, and meticulously presents data relating to nouns, the case system, adjectives, pronouns, numerals, adverbs and prepositions, giving particular attention to the ablative and the dative in a number of Indo-European languages.
Vergleichende Syntax der indogermanischen Sprachen
Authors: Delbrück Berthold
Published: August 2011

Karl Brugmann originally intended to include a volume on syntax in his comparative grammar of Indo-European, but as that ambitious project expanded, he and his publisher enlisted Berthold Delbrück (1842–1922) to take on the treatment of syntax. Delbrück's three volumes on inflection and phrase and sentence structure appeared between 1893 and 1900 and remain the fullest treatment of Indo-European syntax to this day. In this final volume, Delbrück again explains that he has not treated the full range of Indo-European languages, nor tried to explain how the attested forms and usages arose. Even so, Delbrück marshalls an impressive range of material as he discusses a comprehensive range of structures from apposition and simple questions to complex sentences involving co-ordination and subordination. The volume ends with thorough indexes of words (100 pages), subjects, literary references, and authors to all three volumes on syntax.
Voyage au Xingú
Authors: Coudreau Henri Anatole
Published: August 2011

First published in Paris in 1897, this book describes the expedition to the Xingú River in the Amazon region of Brazil by the French scientist and explorer Henri Coudreau. Coudreau spent five months from May to October 1896 travelling down the Xingú by boat, beginning at the river's southern origin at Vitória and finishing in Pará, where it joins the Amazon. He carried out the most detailed explorations of the region up to that time, and is deservedly regarded as one of the great early anthropologists of the Amazon. This book describes the region's distinct eco-system and its warrior-like indigenous peoples. The book, which Coudreau wrote in less than a month, is characteristic of his strongly opinionated writing. It contains 68 illustrations and a map of the Xingú River.
The Life and Labours of Carey, Marshman, and Ward
Authors: Marshman John Clark
Published: August 2011

This work, published in 1864, is the 'popular edition' of John Clark Marshman's account of the missionaries William Carey, William Ward and Joshua Marshman (his father), originally published in 1859 in two volumes as The Life and Times of the Serampore Missionaries. It documents the lives of the three main Serampore Missionaries from their humble origins and conversions to the Baptist Church to their pioneering work in Western Bengal. This shorter edition nevertheless contains a wealth of detail on the administration and politics of colonial India, on the experiences of the missionaries and in particular their efforts in advancing education among the indigenous people. It covers the founding of schools and later the renowned Serampore College, the missionaries' Bible translations into various languages including Bengali (Bangla) and Chinese, and their efforts to promote literacy in indigenous languages. Ward's pioneering study of Hinduism is also reissued in this series.
Travels to Tana and Persia, and A Narrative of Italian Travels in Persia in the 15th and 16th Centuries
Authors: Barbaro Giosofat
Published: August 2011

The publications of the Hakluyt Society (founded in 1846) made available edited (and sometimes translated) early accounts of exploration. The first series, which ran from 1847 to 1899, consists of 100 books containing published or previously unpublished works by authors from Christopher Columbus to Sir Francis Drake, and covering voyages to the New World, to China and Japan, to Russia and to Africa and India. This volume contains six narratives by Venetian diplomats of travel to Persia in the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. Barbaro's account is given in a sixteenth-century translation; the others were made for this edition. These stories of travel, by land and by sea, to distant destinations are full of engaging detail about the customs of the countries visited, and also about the negotiations by which the Venetian Signoria and Uzun Hassan, the ruler of Persia, tried to form an alliance against the Ottoman Turks.
Among Hills and Valleys in Western China
Authors: Davies Hannah , Bird Isabella
Published: August 2011

Among Hills and Valleys in Western China, first published in 1901, is a detailed and accurate picture of missionary work undertaken by Miss Hannah Davies, who had made it her life's work to tour the Chinese provinces and preach her Christian belief, as well as encouraging local people to build places of worship and also helping those in poverty. Some of the sketches of life and character are extraordinarily descriptive and beautiful, and a remarkable journey is described in this series of letters and journal extracts. There is, amongst other stories, a fascinating account of an assembly addressed by Bishop Cassells, the first Protestant bishop in western China, and his heartfelt pleas to the people to help build a new church. The book is well illustrated, with an introduction by Isabella Bird (now Mrs J. F. Bishop), the nineteenth-century British missionary, travel writer and historian.