bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coronavirus Disease 19 Infection Does Not Result in Acute Kidney Injury: An Analysis of 116 Hospitalized Patients from Wuhan, China
Authors: Wang Luwen , Li Xun , Chen Hui , Yan Shaonan , Li Dong , Li Yan , Gong Zuojiong
Published: March 2020

Background: Whether the patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 would commonly develop acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important issue worthy of clinical attention. This study aimed to explore the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on renal function through analyzing the clinical data of 116 hospitalized COVID-19-confirmed patients. Methods: One hundred sixteen COVID-19-confirmed patients enrolled in this study were hospitalized in the Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 14 to February 13, 2020. The recorded information includes demographic data, medical history, contact history, potential comorbidities, symptoms, signs, laboratory test results, chest computer tomography scans, and treatment measures. SARS-CoV-2 RNA in 53 urine sediments of enrolled patients was detected by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Results: Twelve (10.8%) patients showed mild increase of blood urea nitrogen or creatinine (<26 μmol/L within 48 h), and 8 (7.2%) patients showed trace or 1+ albuminuria in 111 COVID-19-confirmed patients without chronic kidney disease (CKD). All these patients did not meet the diagnostic criteria of AKI. In addition, 5 patients with CKD who were undergone regular continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) before admission were confirmed infection of SARS-CoV-2 and diagnosed as COVID-19. In addition to therapy for COVID-19, CRRT was also applied 3 times weekly during hospitalization for these 5 patients with CKD. In the course of treatment, the renal function indicators showed stable state in all 5 patients with CKD, without exacerbation of CKD, and pulmonary inflammation was gradually absorbed. All 5 patients with CKD were survived. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 RNA in urine sediments was positive only in 3 patients from 48 cases without CKD, and 1 patient had a positive for SARS-CoV-2 open reading frame 1ab from 5 cases with CKD. Conclusion: AKI was uncommon in COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 infection does not result in AKI, or aggravate CKD in the COVID-19 patients.
Uso de álcool e tabaco entre universitários de Terapia Ocupacional de uma universidade pública
Authors: Pinho Marina Coelho de , Souza Rayane Cristina Faria de , Portugal Flavia Batista , Siqueira Marluce Mechelli de
Published: March 2020

Objetivo: traçar o perfil do uso de álcool e tabaco e seus fatores associados entre universitários de Terapia Ocupacional. Método: estudo transversal realizado com estudantes acima de 18 anos do primeiro ao último período do curso de Terapia Ocupacional de uma universidade pública. O instrumento de pesquisa utilizado foi o questionário proposto pela Secretaria Nacional de Políticas sobre Drogas para o I Levantamento Nacional sobre o Uso de Álcool e Outras Drogas entre Universitários das 27 Capitais Brasileiras. Para a análise estatística, foi utilizado o Statistical Package for the Social Science. Resultados: a prevalência de “binge drinking no ano” foi de 61,5% e de “binge drinking no mês” foi de 46,8%. O uso na vida de tabaco foi de 36% e no ano de 25,7%. A religião mostrou-se significativamente associada ao “binge drinking no ano” e ao uso na vida e no ano de tabaco. “Pegar carona com o motorista da vez” e “Pegar carona com motorista alcoolizado” associaram-se significativamente às variáveis “binge drinking no ano” e “binge drinking no mês”. Conclusão: os resultados contribuem para criar ações de prevenção ao uso indevido de álcool e tabaco, bem como à inclusão ou ampliação da abordagem do tema no currículo do curso.
Ansiedade e depressão e uso de substâncias psicoativas em jovens universitários
Authors: Barbosa Leopoldo Nelson Fernandes , Asfora Gabriela Catel Abrahamian , Moura Marina Carvalho de
Published: March 2020

Objetivo: identificar a frequência de ansiedade, depressão e uso de substâncias psicoativas em universitários. Método: estudo transversal. Os dados foram coletados utilizando a Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão e questões sobre o uso de substâncias psicoativas. Resultados: foram entrevistados estudantes do primeiro ao sexto período de uma faculdade privada especializada em saúde no nordeste do Brasil. Foi utilizado um questionário sociodemográfico, para caracterizar a população e o uso de substâncias psicoativas, e a Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão. Participaram 116 estudantes e 51,72% responderam fazer uso de alguma substância psicoativa, principalmente do álcool. Sintomas de ansiedade estiveram presentes em 28,45% e de depressão em 16,38%. Conclusão: a pesquisa apresentou dados compatíveis com os de outros estudos com esse tipo de população, identificando maior frequência de uso de substâncias em estudantes com sintomas de ansiedade.
A Synthetic Proposal about the Corinthian Resurrection Deniers
Authors: Harriman K.R.
Published: March 2020

Most standard analyses of the identification of the deniers of the resurrection and the nature of their denial in 1 Cor 15:12 evaluate three sets of options: denial of any post-mortem fate, over-realized eschatology, or dualistic anthropology from Greco-Roman philosophy. The author argues that all of these theories are inadequate, and proposes a theory that identifies the Corinthian resurrection deniers as a cross-section of members from upper and lower classes, with varying levels of education, whose denial of the general resurrection emerges from a variety of sources in philosophy and the myths of popular religion.
Unclarity in Reformational Thought and the Naive-Theoretical Distinction
Authors: Berger Mathanja
Published: March 2020

Students and philosophers alike often find Dooyeweerd’s writings unclear and inaccessible, and the ideas expressed in them obscure and difficult to grasp. In this paper I will first explore the issue of unclarity in Dooyeweerd’s work—for example, what makes Dooyeweerdian writings difficult to understand? Why is it that his meaning is often unclear? And does this imply that something is (philosophically) wrong with his writings? Second, and as a case in point regarding unclarity in Dooyeweerd’s work, I will examine an important distinction drawn in Reformational philosophy, namely, between naive experience and theoretical thinking. In his paper “The Amsterdam Philosophy: A Preliminary Critique,” philosopher and theologian John Frame criticizes Dooyeweerd for his unclear writings and for drawing an implausibly sharp distinction between naive experience and theoretical thinking. Assessing Frame’s critique will serve as a framework for the discussion of these two related issues.
Taxonomy as the key to life
Authors: COSTELLO MARK JOHN
Published: March 2020

Taxonomy is a key to life not only in providing guides to distinguishing species but in opening the door to knowledge about biodiversity. Names of species, as the only standardised measure of biodiversity, are essential for communication of information about nature. However, new knowledge means that what we understand each species to be may change over time. Online species databases are improving accessibility to this knowledge and expertise and provide an easy way to keep up to date with species nomenclature and classification. I propose three practical priorities for taxonomy: (1) complete a world list of all known species; (2) establish an online cooperative community infrastructure that updates species nomenclature and links it to associated literature, information and expertise; (3) create an internet portal as a key to life on Earth. The first is near completion in the Catalogue of Life. The second has an exemplar in the World Register of Marine Species. The third goal has not begun but some of its ingredients exist. This key to life should make it easy for anybody with internet access to accurately name, and discover unnamed, species, and learn about their natural history. Moreover, a “key to life” infrastructure suitably supported by the community and science organisations, could be a focal point for a world taxonomic society and a taxonomy based mega-science initiative to understand life on Earth.
Filling of Carbon Nanotubes with Selenium by Vapor Phase Process
Authors: Chancolon Jérôme , Archaimbault Françoise , Pineau Alain , Bonnamy Sylvie
Published: March 2020

A vapor phase method was developed to fill different kinds of nanotubes (including multiwall and singlewall nanotubes), which inner diameters range from 200 down to 1.5 nm. Experiments were performed with selenium in a sealed reactor in order to control the selenium partial pressure.
This process allows a full control of the nanotube filling (partial or complete), i.e., either a selective diameter filling or a full filling rate. The weight gain of all the samples was plotted for different reaction temperature as a function of selenium pressure. Experimental isotherms are
characteristic of capillary condensation of selenium, which occurs at first in the smallest nanotube inner diameters. X-ray diffraction data show that selenium confined in nanotubes with diameters larger than 3 nm keeps its trigonal structure.
Reactive Gas Condensation Synthesis of Aluminum Nitride Nanoparticles
Authors: Baker Colin C. , Ceylan Abdullah , Shah S. Ismat
Published: March 2020

Aluminum Nitride (AlN) nanoparticles were synthesized using a Reactive Gas Condensation (RGC) technique in which a mixture of ammonia (NH3) and nitrogen (N2) gases were used for the nitridation of aluminum. NH3 served as the reactive gas, while N2
served as both a carrier gas and the inert source for particle condensation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses revealed that at reactive gas compositions greater than 10% NH3 in N2, samples were composed entirely of hexagonal
AlN nanoparticles. Electron diffraction patterns showed single crystal hexagonal AlN structure. The particle size was controlled by varying the pressure of the gas mixture. AlN nanoparticles were dispersed in a liquid matrix to enhance thermal conductivity. Results showed that a minimal addition
of AlN increased the thermal conductivity of hydrocarbon pump oil by approximately 27%. The thermal conductivity became constant after reaching a maximum above 0.01 wt% AlN. Temporal stability of AlN was studied by XRD. Samples exposed to air for extended periods of time and analyzed by XRD
show no degradation of crystalline AlN nanoparticles.
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Pt Nanocrystals and Deposition on Carbon Nanotubes in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Liu Zhimin , Sun Zhenyu , Han Buxing , Zhang Jianling , Huang Jun , Du Jimin , Miao Shiding
Published: March 2020

In this work, a simple, fast and efficient route is presented for the metal (such as Pt, Rh, etc.) nanocrystal synthesis and deposition on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in ionic liquids (ILs) via microwave heating. In this method, inorganic salts (such as H2PtCl6 ·
4H2O, RhCl3 · 2H2O, etc.) dissolved in ILs, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidinium trifluoroacetate or 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidinium lactate, were reduced to metal nanoparticles by glycol with the aid of microwave heating, and the produced metal nanoparticles
could be decorated on CNTs in the presence of CNTs in ILs. The resulting nanomaterials were characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. It was demonstrated that the homogeneously dispersed Pt nanocrystals with the size of 2∼3 nm were obtained using
H2PtCl6 · 4H2O as precursor, and they deposited on CNTs with the similar size when CNTs was present in ILs. This technique also can be extended to fabricate other noble metal nanocrystals (including Rh, Au, etc.) and corresponding CNT composites.
Preparation and Characterization of Titania/ZnS Core–Shell Nanotubes
Authors: Kim Mee Rahn , Ahn Shin Ja , Jang Du-Jeon
Published: March 2020

Core–shell nanocomposites of titania nanotubes/ZnS quantum dots have been prepared by using a hydrothermal synthetic method and characterized by using various microscopic and spectroscopic methods. ZnS quantum dots surround the outsides of titania nanotubes having the inner and
the outer diameters of 15 and 30 nm, respectively, with a thickness of 2 nm. The nanocomposites suspended in water show a broader absorption spectrum shifted to a longer wavelength by 20 nm and emit substantially stronger ZnS luminescence having significantly slower decay kinetics than bare
ZnS nanoparticles in water. The support of TiO2 nanotubes is found to enhance the optical properties of ZnS considerably.
Regenerating Optical Properties of Individual Gold Nanoparticles in Alcoholic Solvents without any Surfactant
Authors: Tan Yong , Ding Shaohua , Wang Yi , Jing Aihua , Qian Weiping
Published: March 2020

We compared the optical properties of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in various solvents with those of strawberry-like composite particles (Au/SiO2) consisting of a silica core and single attached GNPs. The results show that Au/SiO2 without any surfactant could regenerate
well optical properties of individual GNPs in alcoholic solvents. By the electrophoretic light-scattering measurements, the high dispersibility of Au/SiO2 composite particles dispersed in alcoholic solvents has been demonstrated. In addition, using Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek
(DLVO) theory, we proposed a possible mechanism to qualitatively account for the dispersibility of Au/SiO2 in organic solvents such as alcoholic solvents and cyclohexane, which may provide an opportunity to manipulate optical signals of single nanoparticle in organic solvents.
Synthesis and Characterization of Crystalline FeCo Nanoparticles
Authors: Kim Chang Woo , Kim Young Hwan , Cha Hyun Gil , Lee Don Keun , Kang Young Soo
Published: March 2020

The monodispersed FeCo nanoparticles were synthesized with borohydride as a reducing agent by coprecipitation method in aqueous solution. The composition and the size of FeCo nanoparticle was controlled by fitting the molar ratio of starting material, the reaction time and the falling
rate. To prepare the crystallized nanoparticles, the amorphous FeCo nanoparticles were annealed at the different temperatures for 1 hr, respectively. The size of the crystalline FeCo nanoparticles was controlled in order to maintain the uniform size of 20nm. The as-annealed FeCo alloy could
get the highest Ms value of the powder which has been ever synthesized by coprecipitation or other chemical method. The size- and shape-controlled crystalline FeCo nanoparticles can be applied for spring magnet in order to get exchange coupling effect.
Heterogeneous Adsorption of Activated Carbon Nanofibers Synthesized by Electrospinning Polyacrylonitrile Solution
Authors: Lee Jae-Wook , Kang Hyun-Chul , Shim Wang-Geun , Kim Chan , Yang Kap-Seung , Moon Hee
Published: March 2020

This study focuses on the adsorption properties of activated carbon nanofibers (CNFs) fabricated by electrospinning polyacrylonitrile solutions dissolved in dimethylformamide, followed by heat treatment at high activation temperatures (700, 750, 800 °C). The samples were characterized
by BET, SEM, and XRD. In addition, the adsorption energy distribution functions of CNFs were analyzed by using the generalized nonlinear regularization method. Comparative analysis of energy distribution functions provided significant information on the energetic and structural heterogeneities
of CNFs. Furthermore, an investigation of adsorption equilibrium and kinetics of methylene blue (MB) and congo red (CR) revealed that the adsorption capacity and kinetics of MB are much higher and faster than that of CR on a given sample. Our experimental and theoretical results suggest that
the CNFs used in this work may be widely used as an adsorbent.
Synthesis and Characterization of Polystyrene-Poly(arylene ether sulfone)-Polystyrene Triblock Copolymer for Proton Exchange Membrane Applications
Authors: Yang Jung-Eun , Hong Young Taik , Lee Jae-Suk
Published: March 2020

The polystyrene-poly(arylene ether sulfone)-polystyrene (PS-PAES-PS) coil-semirod-coil triblock copolymer was synthesized by the condensation reaction of PS-COCl and H2N-PAES-NH2 telechelic polymers. The reaction was facile characterized by high yields with a perfect
control over the block lengths. Following a known reaction protocol it was possible to selectively sulfonate the PS block of the triblock copolymer that led to the sulfonated copolymer sPS-PAES-sPS. Studies on its proton conductivity and methanol permeability were carried out to evaluate its
use as the proton exchange membrane in direct methanol fuel cells. Proton conductivity of the membranes was increased depending on the sulfonic acid group content in the sulfonated polymer. The membranes exhibited good dimensional and thermal stability, and low methanol permeability compared
to Nafion 117.
Characteristics of Electrodeposited Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Films
Authors: Kim Sung-Kyoung , Choi Hee-Young , Lee Ha-Jin , Lee Haiwon
Published: March 2020

Thin films of chemically-functionalized single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were fabricated by using a direct current (DC) electrodeposition method. SWNTs were shortened and then functionalized with acid chloride group to combine with amine group-terminated gold substrate. The electrodeposited
SWNT films were characterized by using Raman spectroscopy, attenuated total reflectance infrared (ATR/IR) spectrometry and atomic force microscopy. We demonstrated that the SWNT film was well distributed on an electrode with robust adhesion.
Application of Mercaptostyrene Divinyl Benzene Immobilized on Ion-Exchange Polymeric Membrane as Hg(II) Sensor
Authors: Hamel Abdellah , Morakchi Karima , Bendjama Amel , Mahfoud Hiba , Kherrat Rochedi
Published: March 2020

Herein, we report the fabrication of electrochemical sensor for the detection of mercury Hg(II) ions using macroporous divinyl benzene immobilized on ion-exchange polymeric ionophore. Impedance spectroscopy was adopted to examine the performance of the fabricated sensor. Various experiments
were done to get the optimized experimental conditions of the fabricated sensor. The fabricated sensor demonstrates a linear range of 10–8 to 10–5 M and low detection limit was about 10–4.8 M.
AC Conductivity and Dielectric Studies of Lithium Perchlorate Doped/(PVA/CMC) Composite Polymer Films
Authors: Suresha S. , Avinash B. S. , Harish B. M. , Chaturmukha V. S. , Jayanna H. S. , Lamani Ashok R.
Published: March 2020

Current subject area deals with the Conductivity of AC and Dielectric examines of the polymer films of perfect polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), PVA/CMC and lithium perchlorate doped PVA/CMC (10:45:45 weight%). The composite picture shows were developed utilizing
solution casting technique. The prepared films were characterized using the investigative tools, for instance FTIR, XRD and SEM. Dielectric measurements like dielectric constant, loss, tan delta and frequency subordinate conductivity of all the polymer films are assessed in the frequency scope
100 Hertz–1 MHertz at normal temperature. The standards of dielectric constants are maximum in the down frequency area reassert the non-Debye type character referable to the involvement of charge increase at the electrode-electrolyte boundary. Dielectric constant lessens with gain in
frequency, and are almost independent of high frequency. Polymer electrolyte film containing Lithium perchlorate doped/PVA/CMC exhibits a maximum conductivity of the decree of 7.54 × 10–6 S/cm at normal hotness. Variation in conductivity of AC obeyed the power law of
frequency.
Vertical Velocity Profiles in Convectively Coupled Equatorial Waves and MJO: New Diagnoses of Vertical Velocity Profiles in the Wavenumber–Frequency Domain
Authors: Inoue Kuniaki , Adames Ángel F. , Yasunaga Kazuaki
Published: March 2020

A new diagnostic framework is developed and applied to ERA-Interim to quantitatively assess vertical velocity (omega) profiles in the wavenumber–frequency domain. Two quantities are defined with the first two EOF–PC pairs of omega profiles in the tropical ocean: a top-heaviness ratio and a tilt ratio. The top-heaviness and tilt ratios are defined, respectively, as the cospectrum and quadrature spectrum of PC1 and PC2 divided by the power spectrum of PC1. They represent how top-heavy an omega profile is at the convective maximum, and how much tilt omega profiles contain in the spatiotemporal evolution of a wave. The top-heaviness ratio reveals that omega profiles become more top-heavy as the time scale (spatial scale) becomes longer (larger). The MJO has the most top-heavy profile while the eastward inertio-gravity (EIG) and westward inertio-gravity (WIG) waves have the most bottom-heavy profiles. The tilt ratio reveals that the Kelvin, WIG, EIG, and mixed Rossby–gravity (MRG) waves, categorized as convectively coupled gravity waves, have significant tilt in the omega profiles, while the equatorial Rossby (ER) wave and MJO, categorized as slow-moving moisture modes, have less tilt. The gross moist stability (GMS), cloud–radiation feedback, and effective GMS were also computed for each wave. The MJO with the most top-heavy omega profile exhibits high GMS, but has negative effective GMS due to strong cloud–radiation feedbacks. Similarly, the ER wave also exhibits negative effective GMS with a top-heavy omega profile. These results may indicate that top-heavy omega profiles build up more moist static energy via strong cloud–radiation feedbacks, and as a result, are more preferable for the moisture mode instability.
Large-Eddy Simulation of Conditionally Neutral Boundary Layers: A Mesh Resolution Sensitivity Study
Authors: Berg Jacob , Patton Edward G. , Sullivan Peter P.
Published: March 2020

Large-eddy simulation (LES) is used to model turbulent winds in a nominally neutral atmospheric boundary layer at varying mesh resolutions. The boundary layer is driven by wind shear with zero surface heat flux and is capped by a stable inversion. Because of entrainment the boundary layer is in a weakly stably stratified regime. The simulations use meshes varying from 1282 × 64 to 10242 × 512 grid points in a fixed computational domain of size (2560, 2560, 896) m. The subgrid-scale (SGS) parameterizations used in the LES vary with the mesh spacing. Low-order statistics, spectra, and structure functions are compared on the different meshes and are used to assess grid convergence in the simulations. As expected, grid convergence is primarily achieved in the middle of the boundary layer where there is scale separation between the energy-containing and dissipative eddies. Near the surface second-order statistics do not converge on the meshes studied. The analysis also highlights differences between one-dimensional and two-dimensional velocity spectra; differences are attributed to sampling errors associated with aligning the horizontal coordinates with the vertically veering mean wind direction. Higher-order structure functions reveal non-Gaussian statistics on all scales, but are highly dependent on the mesh resolution. A generalized logarithmic law and a k−1 spectral scaling regime are identified with mesh-dependent parameters in agreement with previously published results.
Subseasonal and Diurnal Variability in Lightning and Storm Activity over the Yangtze River Delta, China, during Mei-yu Season
Authors: Yang Ji , Zhao Kun , Chen Xingchao , Huang Anning , Zheng Yuanyuan , Sun Kangyuan
Published: March 2020

Using 5 years of operational Doppler radar, cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning observations, and National Centers for Environmental Prediction reanalysis data, this study examined the spatial and temporal characteristics of and correlations between summer storm and lightning activity over the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), with a focus on subseasonal variability and diurnal cycles. The spatiotemporal features of storm top, duration, maximum reflectivity, size, and cell-based vertical integrated liquid water were investigated using the Storm Cell Identification and Tracking algorithm. Our results revealed that there was high storm activity over the YRD, with weak diurnal variations during the mei-yu period. Specifically, storms were strongly associated with mei-yu fronts and exhibited a moderate size, duration, and intensity. On average, afternoon storms exhibited stronger reflectivity and higher storm tops than morning storms, as evidenced by the afternoon peak in CG lightning. The storm intensity strengthened in the post-mei-yu period, due to an increase in atmospheric instability; this was accompanied by a higher frequency of CG lighting. The diurnal cycles of storm frequency and CG lightning in the post-mei-yu period followed a unimodal pattern with an afternoon peak. This is attributable to increased thermodynamic instability in the afternoon, as little diurnal variation was observed for wind shear and moisture. An inverse correlation between lightning occurrence and mean peak current (MPC) for negative CG lightning was evident during the pre-mei-yu and mei-yu periods. The diurnal variation in MPC for negative CG lightning agreed well with that for storm intensity.
Influence of Eastern Tibetan Plateau Spring Snow Cover on North American Air Temperature and Its Interdecadal Change
Authors: Wang Zhibiao , Wu Renguang , Duan Anmin , Qu Xia
Published: March 2020

Previous studies revealed the influence of the autumn–winter Tibetan Plateau snow cover on atmospheric circulation and climate in the North American region. The present study documents the relationship between the eastern Tibetan Plateau snow cover and the North American air temperature in spring and the associated physical processes using satellite-based snow cover, reanalysis atmospheric and surface variables, observation-based surface air temperature (SAT), and sea surface temperature (SST). A stable relationship is identified between the eastern Tibetan Plateau snow cover and the North American SAT in spring before the mid-2000s. Positive snow-cover anomalies over the eastern Tibetan Plateau induce cooling in the local atmospheric column. The atmospheric cooling stimulates a large-scale atmospheric wave pattern at the upper level that extends northeastward from the eastern Tibetan Plateau via northeast Asia and the North Pacific to North America. An anomalous high forms over North America, accompanied by anomalous descent. In the northwestern part, the horizontal advection by anomalous southerly winds along the west flank of anomalous anticyclone induces SAT increase. In the central part, the enhanced surface sensible heat flux following anomalous descent-induced downward shortwave radiation increase leads to SAT increase. The relationship between the eastern Tibetan Plateau snow cover and the North American SAT is weakened after the mid-2000s. The weakened relationship is attributed to an intensified impact of tropical central Pacific SST anomalies on the North American SAT variations through a Pacific–North America-like atmospheric circulation pattern, which overcomes the influence of the Tibetan Plateau snow-cover anomalies.
Projected Changes in the Southern Indian Ocean Cyclone Activity Assessed from High-Resolution Experiments and CMIP5 Models
Authors: Cattiaux Julien , Chauvin Fabrice , Bousquet Olivier , Malardel Sylvie , Tsai Chia-Lun
Published: March 2020

The evolution of tropical cyclone activity under climate change remains a crucial scientific issue. Physical theory of cyclogenesis is limited, observational datasets suffer from heterogeneities in space and time, and state-of-the-art climate models used for future projections are still too coarse (~100 km of resolution) to simulate realistic systems. Two approaches can nevertheless be considered: 1) perform dedicated high-resolution (typically <50 km) experiments in which tropical cyclones can be tracked and 2) assess cyclone activity from existing low-resolution multimodel climate projections using large-scale indices as proxies. Here we explore these two approaches with a particular focus on the southern Indian Ocean. We first compute high-resolution experiments using the rotated-stretched configuration of our climate model (CNRM-CM6-1), which is able to simulate realistic tropical cyclones. In a 2-K warmer world, the model projects a 20% decrease in the frequency of tropical cyclones, together with an increase in their maximum lifetime intensity, a slight poleward shift of their trajectories, and a substantial delay (about 1 month) in the cyclone season onset. Large-scale indices applied to these high-resolution experiments fail to capture the overall decrease in cyclone frequency, but are able to partially represent projected changes in the spatiotemporal distribution of cyclone activity. Last, we apply large-scale indices to multimodel CMIP5 projections and find that the seasonal redistribution of cyclone activity is consistent across models.
Sensory sociological phenomenology, somatic learning and ‘lived’ temperature in competitive pool swimming
Authors: McNarry Gareth , Allen-Collinson Jacquelyn , Evans Adam B.
Published: March 2020

In this article, we address an existing lacuna in the sociology of the senses, by employing sociological phenomenology to illuminate the under-researched sense of temperature, as lived by a social group for whom water temperature is particularly salient: competitive pool swimmers. The research contributes to a developing ‘sensory sociology’ that highlights the importance of the socio-cultural framing of the senses and ‘sensory work’, but where there remains a dearth of sociological exploration into senses extending beyond the ‘classic five’ sensorium. Drawing on data from a three-year ethnographic study of competitive swimmers in the UK, our analysis explores the rich sensuousities of swimming, and highlights the role of temperature as fundamentally affecting the affordances offered by the aquatic environment. The article contributes original theoretical perspectives to the sociology of the senses and of sport in addressing the ways in which social actors in the aquatic environment interact, both intersubjectively and intercorporeally, as thermal beings.
How Gender Equal Is Sweden? An Analysis of the Shift in Focus under Neoliberalism
Authors: Lane Linda , Jordansson Birgitta
Published: March 2020

Sweden’s proven ability to enact family-friendly policies to support its gender equality ambitions has made it an exemplar of gender equality to emulate among developing countries. The aim of this article is to demonstrate that while Swedish gender equality has become an important part of Swedish identity, paradoxically, the foundations upon which this identity was built has gradually been eroded––Sweden has shifted from a welfare state with collective solutions and inclusiveness towards one of neoliberal governmental rationalities where individual autonomy and freedom of choice are seen as means of achieving gender equality. This new direction has implications for how gender equality policy is formulated. Using Bacchi’s ‘What is the problem approach?’ this article traces the Swedish gender equality discourse from the 1960s to the present while at every stage interrogating how equality was problematised and what solutions were offered.
Women Migrants in Western Australia: Case Studies of Resilience and Empowerment
Authors: Dantas Jaya A. R. , Strauss Penelope , Cameron Roslyn , Rogers Claire
Published: March 2020

This article presents findings from an exploratory research using descriptive case studies of 12 migrant women in Western Australia. The purposive sample represents the government, academia, the private sector, community, civil society and not-for-profit organisations and is ranged in age from the late 20s to the 70s. Underpinned by theoretical frameworks of resilience and empowerment, women have shared their personal case narratives, and five case studies are presented in this paper. Our findings resonate with the vital and uncontested importance of education, the desire to be empowered, the capacity to be resilient and adaptive and the importance of giving back to the community. Key recommendations include the need for migrant women’s continued access to avenues of empowerment and furthering education. The provision of adaptive structures builds resilience and grows strong communities where women feel empowered. We propose that women migrants, through alliances and collaboration, cross borders of learning and work towards generating change and transformation.
Moving Shakespeare: La danse narrative and adapting to the Bard
Authors: Hiscock Andrew
Published: March 2020

This article considers the expectations of narrative that frequently surround Shakespearean dance adaptation. Reviewing responses to two contemporary productions ( Le Songe by Les Ballets de Monte Carlo and Golden Hours (As You Like It) by the Rosas company), discussion pays particular attention to critical and audience appetites when attending to performances of Shakespeare on the dance stage. Highlighting contemporary debates in dance studies, the discussion draws to a close examining the challenges of transposing (often well-known) Shakespearean texts into bodily gesture and movement.
Repeat symptomatic Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections among men who have sex with men in Bangkok, Thailand, 2006–2016
Authors: Pattanasin Sarika , Holtz Timothy H , Ungsedhapand Chaiwat , Tongtoyai Jaray , Chonwattana Wannee , Sukwicha Wichuda , Sirivongrangson Pachara , Mock Philip A , Chitwarakorn Anupong , Dunne Eileen F
Published: March 2020

We analyzed the incidence and predictors of symptomatic repeat Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) enrolled in the Bangkok MSM Cohort Study. Thai MSM aged ≥18 years were enrolled during 2006–2010 and followed every four months. At baseline, participants were screened for rectal and urethral NG and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infections using nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT), rectal and pharyngeal NG by culture, and pharyngeal CT by NAAT. During follow-up, symptomatic participants were tested for NG infection by NAAT and Gram stain of rectal or urethral specimens. Among 1464 participants without NG infection at the baseline visit and having at least one follow-up visit, 11.2% (164/1464) developed symptomatic NG infection, for a total of 251 infections. Symptomatic repeat NG infection occurred in 28.0% (46/164) of participants. The incidence rate was 3.9 cases per 100 person-years. Baseline predictors of repeat symptomatic NG were as follows: unknown human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status despite history of HIV testing, previous sexually transmitted infection diagnosis by physician, insertive-only anal intercourse without a condom, amyl nitrate use at baseline, CT infection at baseline, age 18–24 years, and being a student; HIV infection at baseline or during the study period was also associated with repeat symptomatic NG infection.
Thinking about the meaning of time among temporary labor migrants in Israel
Authors: Harper Robin A , Zubida Hani
Published: March 2020

When thinking about time and migration, time appears to be the obvious unchangeable independent variable—linear, uniform, and constant—affecting migrants’ experiences. However, what if we reimagine time as a dependent variable affected by migration? Time, thus, is not linear but layered, malleable, and potentially even liquid. Migrants weave time with space, generating past, present, and future, forming multiple simultaneous “heres,” “theres,” and “in-betweens.” A subset of migrants, temporary labor migrants, provides an interesting opportunity to consider how migration affects time (including the perception of time). States permit temporary labor migrants to immigrate only because they consent to emigrate after a predetermined, contracted period. In this paper, we consider what it means to enter into such “migration time” arrangements that warp, transform, and curtail time for migrants, their children, employers, community members, left-behind families, and the state. Migrants’ children who typically exist outside state-brokered labor migration deals develop alternate timescapes from their migrant parents. Based on the analysis of interview data and complementary follow-up conversations with 43 temporary labor migrants in Israel from 11 different countries, we examine how the migration process creates nonlinear time and how migrants discover, lament, manage, enjoy, and struggle with multiple timescapes. Building on the work of Saulo Cwerner, we replicate his model on time and migration to show general patterns for immigrants and modes particular to temporary labor migrants including time ruptures, freedom time (short-term opportunities), and ambiguous time (fuzzy continuities).
Investigation of In Vivo and In Vitro Pharmacokinetic Characteristics of Kaji-ichigoside F1 in Rats
Authors: Cui Wenjuan , Fan Xiaoguang , Wang Naizhi , Zhang Zhikun , Zhang Zhaolong , Wang Xincheng , Yang Guanghu
Published: March 2020

Kaji-ichigoside F1, a pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin, exhibits various beneficial pharmacological effects. In this study, a simple, rapid, and specific high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for rapid quantification of kaji-ichigoside F1 in rat biological matrix was developed. Plasma was prepared by a single-step protein precipitation followed by separation of the analyte using an Inertsil ODS-3 column with a gradient mobile phase. Positive ion electrospray was used and selected reaction monitoring transitions were m/ z 673.27 → 511.15 for kaji-ichigoside F1 and m/ z 429.19 → 267.29 for morroniside, respectively. The developed method was validated with linear range of 20 to 10 000 ng/mL. All validation parameters were well within the acceptance limit based on the guidance of FDA. The validated method was successfully applied to analyze samples from the in vivo and in vitro pharmacokinetic studies in rats.
Mining and women in northwest Mexico: a feminist political ecology approach to impacts on rural livelihoods
Authors: Lutz-Ley América N. , Buechler Stephanie J.
Published: March 2020

Women’s participation in large-scale mining (LSM) has been increasing in Mexico and worldwide; however, few comprehensive studies exist on the socioeconomic effects of mining on women depending on the specific roles they play in this activity. The objective of this study was to analyze, from a feminist political ecology perspective, the effects of mining on women in a rural community in Sonora State, in arid northwest Mexico, a region with important participation of LSM in the country. For this purpose, we developed a mixed methods approach combining literature review on gender and LSM, semistructured in-depth interviews, and analysis of secondary government data. Most literature on women and mining treats them conceptually as a homogeneous social group or focuses on only one role women play in mining. We address this gap by identifying several roles women can play in their interactions with the mining sector and then analyzing and comparing the effects of mining associated with these distinctive roles. In doing so, we unravel the gendered complexities of mining and highlight the socioecological contradictions embedded in these dynamics for individual women who are faced with significant trade-offs. Mining can provide economic and professional opportunities for women of varying educational and socioeconomic levels in otherwise impoverished and landless rural households. At the same time, women are unable to, as one interviewee phrased it, “break the glass ceiling even if using a miner’s helmet,” especially in managerial positions. Extraction of natural resources in the community is accompanied by the extraction of social capital and personal lives of miners. We give voice to the social–ecological contradictions lived by women in these multiple roles and offer potential insights both for addressing gender-based inequities in mining and for avenues toward collective action and empowerment.
Nursing Faculties’ Knowledge of and Attitudes Toward Research Ethics According to Demographic Characteristics and Institutional Environment in Korea
Authors: Ahn Sukhee , Jeong Geum Hee , Shin Hye Sook , Kim Jeung-Im , Kim Yunmi , Song Ju-Eun , Kim Sun-Hee , Kim Ju Hee , Lee Yun Jung , Song Young A. , Lee Eun Hee , Kim Myoung-Hee
Published: March 2020

This study, conducted in the Republic of Korea, analyzed nursing faculty members’ knowledge of and attitudes toward research ethics according to their characteristics and the institutional environment. A survey was conducted from April 24 to July 23, 2017. The participants were 210 nursing professors from 57 universities in Korea. The survey questionnaire gathered information on participants’ characteristics, their knowledge of and attitudes toward research ethics, and their perceived training needs. A relatively low difficulty index was found for knowledge items dealing with conflicts of interest (0.66), copyright (0.65), and plagiarism and duplicate publications (0.17) than for the other six items. Of the 12 items assessing attitudes toward research ethics, use of a plagiarism-checking program and reviewing manuscripts from members of one’s own research group had the lowest scores. The knowledge level of participants whose institutions provided a plagiarism-checking program was higher than those whose institutions did not. Former group also showed better attitudes toward research ethics. High-priority training needs were obtaining institutional review board (IRB) approval, writing informed consent forms, and obtaining informed consent for studies on children and pregnant women. A more intensive training program for nursing faculty is required on specific topics, including conflicts of interest, copyright, plagiarism, duplicate publications, IRB approval, and informed consent. Furthermore, all nursing institutions in Korea should provide a plagiarism-checking program to faculty members.
Effects of noninvasive ventilation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: The complication of bulbar impairment
Authors: Kim Junghyun , Bireley John Daniel , Hayat Ghazala , Kafaie Jafar
Published: March 2020

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a neurodegenerative illness that causes gradual loss of muscle function. Patients eventually develop bulbar impairment, requiring extensive respiratory support. Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) has gained attention as an easily accessible method with promising benefits. We conducted this systematic review to outline the therapeutic effects of NIV, add to previous publications discussing this topic by providing updates on newly completed and ongoing studies, and identify limitations that must be addressed in future trials. A search of PubMed and Cochran for relevant primary studies yielded 26 publications. Studies indicate NIV use is associated with improvements in quality of life, regardless of the severity of bulbar impairment. However, NIV’s benefits on survival were limited to patients with less bulbar impairment. In addition, our review found several limitations that undermine the efforts to establish a definitive treatment regimen. Future studies will need to address these problems in order to provide patients with better respiratory care.
AML displays increased CTCF occupancy associated with aberrant gene expression and transcription factor binding
Authors: Mujahed Huthayfa , Miliara Sophia , Neddermeyer Anne , Bengtzén Sofia , Nilsson Christer , Deneberg Stefan , Cordeddu Lina , Ekwall Karl , Lennartsson Andreas , Lehmann Sören
Published: March 2020

CCTC-binding factor (CTCF) is a key regulator of gene expression through organization of the chromatin structure. Still, it is unclear how CTCF binding is perturbed in leukemia or in cancer in general. We studied CTCF binding by chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing in cells from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and in normal bone marrow (NBM) in the context of gene expression, DNA methylation, and azacitidine exposure. CTCF binding was increased in AML compared with NBM. Aberrant CTCF binding was enriched for motifs for key myeloid transcription factors such as CEBPA, PU.1, and RUNX1. AML with TET2 mutations was characterized by a particularly strong gain of CTCF binding, highly enriched for gain in promoter regions, while AML in general was enriched for changes at enhancers. There was a strong anticorrelation between CTCF binding and DNA methylation. Gain of CTCF occupancy was associated with increased gene expression; however, the genomic location (promoter vs distal regions) and enrichment of motifs (for repressing vs activating cofactors) were decisive for the gene expression pattern. Knockdown of CTCF in K562 cells caused loss of CTCF binding and transcriptional repression of genes with changed CTCF binding in AML, as well as loss of RUNX1 binding at RUNX1/CTCF-binding sites. In addition, CTCF knockdown caused increased differentiation. Azacitidine exposure caused major changes in CTCF occupancy in AML patient cells, partly by restoring a CTCF-binding pattern similar to NBM. We conclude that AML displays an aberrant increase in CTCF occupancy that targets key genes for AML development and impacts gene expression.
Novel BCL2 mutations in venetoclax-resistant, ibrutinib-resistant CLL patients with BTK/PLCG2 mutations
Authors: Lucas Fabienne , Larkin Karylin , Gregory C. Thomas , Orwick Shelley , Doong Tzyy-Jye , Lozanski Arletta , Lozanski Gerard , Misra Shrilekha , Ngankeu Apollinaire , Ozer Hatice Gulcin , Sampath Deepa , Thangavadivel Shanmugapriya , Yilmaz Selen A. , Rogers Kerry A. , Byrd John C. , Woyach Jennifer A. , Blachly James S.
Published: March 2020

Lucas et al explored the clonal dynamics of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients following treatment and subsequent acquired resistance to ibrutinib and then venetoclax. They report different patterns of resistance mutations from previously reported changes following venetoclax treatment in the absence of prior BTK inhibitor therapy.
TCF 4 tumor suppressor: a molecular target in the prognosis of sporadic colorectal cancer in humans
Authors: Anwar Mumtaz , Malhotra Pooja , Kochhar Rakesh , Bhatia Alka , Mahmood Akhtar , Singh Rajinder , Mahmood Safrun
Published: March 2020

Background

A huge array of function is played by the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in development by balancing gene expression through the modulation of cell-specific DNA binding downstream effectors such as T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF). The β-catenin/TCF-4 complex is a central regulatory switch for differentiation and proliferation of intestinal cells (both normal and malignant). Thus, in the present study we evaluated each of 60 cases of sporadic adenocarcinoma, alongside adjoining and normal mucosa specimens of colorectum in humans, for mutation and expression analysis of the gene coding for TCF-4 protein.

Methods

DNA sequencing following PCR amplification and SSCP analysis (single strand conformation polymorphism) was employed to detect TCF-4 gene mutations in the case of exon 1. Quantitative real-time (qRT) PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC), confocal microscopy and western blot analysis were used to detect TCF-4 gene/protein expression.

Results

Sequencing analysis confirmed 5/60 patients with a point mutation in exon 1 of the TCF-4 gene in tumor samples. mRNA expression using qRT-PCR showed approximately 83% decreased TCF-4 mRNA expression in tumor tissue and adjoining mucosa compared to normal mucosa. Similarly, a significant decrease in protein expression using IHC showed decreased TCF-4 protein expression in tumor tissue and adjoining mucosa compared to normal mucosa, which also corresponds to some important clinicopathological factors, including disease metastasis and tumor grade. Mutational alterations and downregulation of TCF-4 mRNA and hence decreased expression of TCF-4 protein in tumors suggest its involvement in the pathogenesis of CRC.

Conclusions

A remarkable decrease in TCF-4 mRNA and protein expression was detected in tumorous and adjoining tissues compared to normal mucosa. Hence the alterations in genomic architecture along with downregulation of TCF-4 mRNA and decreased expression of TCF-4 protein in tumors, which is in accordance with clinical features, suggest its involvement in the pathogenesis of CRC. Thus, deregulation and collaboration of TCF-4 with CRC could be a concrete and distinctive feature in the prognosis of the disease at an early stage of development.