bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Legality of the World Bank’s Informal Decisions to Expand into the Tax Field, and Implications of These Decisions for Its Legitimacy
Authors: Berkel-Dorlig Uyanga
Published: March 2018

Legality of the World Bank’s Informal Decisions to Expand into the Tax Field, and Implications of These Decisions for Its Legitimacy

The emergence of global tax governance was triggered by common tax problems, which are now still being faced by international society of nation-states. In the creation of this framework, international institutions have been playing a major role. One of these institutions is the World Bank (Bank). However, those who write about the virtues and vices of the main creators of the framework usually disregard the Bank. This article, therefore, argues that this disregard is not justified because the Bank has also been playing a prominent role. Since two informal decisions taken in the past have contributed to this position of the Bank, the article gives in addition to it answers to the following two related questions: whether these informal decisions of the Bank were legal and if so, what implications, if any, they have for the Bank’s legitimacy.
Proposta de residência em Atenção Domiciliar como área de atuação
Authors: Savassi Leonardo Cançado Monteiro , Melo Cibele Gomes Lima , Gonçalves Daniel Almeida , Oliveira Denize Ornelas Pereira Salvador , Lopes Heitor Rossi , Fregonezi Renata Luciana Hasegawa , Turcotte Sara
Published: March 2018

A Atenção Domiciliar (AD) configura-se numa área de atuação de diversos especialistas, como Médicos de Família e Comunidade, Geriatras, Pediatras e Internistas. Por suas especificidades e dentro do seu campo de práticas, demanda competências que não estão contempladas isoladamente em nenhuma especialidade médica, sendo que o tempo e a estrutura necessários para a aquisição destas ultrapassa a capacidade de inserção ao longo dos programas atuais.  A expansão desta modalidade de cuidados representa uma demanda crescente de formação, exigindo a inclusão da AD como potencial campo de trabalho destes especialistas, concebendo a necessidade de terceiro ano de residência, enquanto área de atuação. Discutem-se as estratégias de formação, campos da prática e estrutura programática, necessários para a consolidação desta proposta. Espera-se que este artigo possa subsidiar a natural construção desta especialidade no âmbito da atuação médica em saúde.
La comprensión infantil de la emoción en el sistema de cuidado
Authors: Sanz Guerra Cristina , Sierra García Purificación
Published: March 2018

ResumenLa relación madre-hijo se ha estudiado tradicionalmente desde la perspectiva de la teoría del apego. Pero, además, es un fenómeno psicológico y social al que el niño dota de sentido y que trata de comprender. Para explorar la comprensión infantil de esta dimensión de la relación, hemos entrevistado a 85 niños de entre siete y nueve años me­diante una entrevista semiestructurada con cuatro histo­rias, en las que se relacionaban el Sistema de Apego y el Sistema de Cuidado. El análisis de las respuestas de los niños muestra que el 97 % atribuyen malestar en la ma­dre en relación con la vivencia de amenaza del hijo. Los niños de estas edades poseen ya una comprensión del Sistema de Cuidado de la madre en conexión con el Sis­tema de Apego del hijo. La responsabilidad y la empatía de la madre forman parte de las respuestas de los niños de estas edades como activadores de su comportamiento de cuidado y protección hacia el hijo.  Las representacio­nes de los niños pueden organizarse en niveles de com­prensión cada vez más sofisticados y complejos. Conocer los sentimientos y motivaciones que los niños atribuyen a la madre en su rol de cuidadora principal y la visión in­fantil de las leyes emocionales que rigen las relaciones afectivas madre-hijo, puede ofrecernos nuevas perspecti­vas acerca de cómo se construyen las relaciones de apego y resultar útil en la detección e intervención en apegos no saludables, en ambos miembros de la díada. AbstractThe mother-child relationship has traditionally been stud­ied from the perspective of attachment theory. But in addition, they are a psychological and social phenome­non to which the child gives meaning and tries to under­stand. To explore the child's understanding of this dimen­sion of the relationship, we interviewed 85 children be­tween 7 and 9 years old through a semi-structured inter­view with four stories, in which the Attachment System and the System of Care were related. The analysis of the children's responses shows that 97 % attribute discomfort in the mother in relation to the experience of threat of the child. Children of these ages already have an understand­ing of the Mother's System of Care in connection with the child's attachment system. The responsibility and empathy of the mother are part of the responses of chil­dren of these ages as activators of their behavior of care and protection for the child. Children´s representations can be organized at increasingly sophisticated and com­plex levels of understanding. Knowing the feelings and motivations that children attribute to the mother in her role of primary caregiver and the child's vision of the emotional laws that govern affective mother-child rela­tionships, can offer us new perspectives on how attach­ment relationships are built and be useful in the detection and intervention in unhealthy attachments, in both mem­bers of the dyad.
Indicadores de calidad de las publicaciones científicas en psicología jurídica
Authors: Osca Lluch Julia , Tortosa Macarena , González-Sala Francisco , Tortosa Francisco
Published: March 2018

ResumenLas publicaciones científicas son una de las dimensiones básicas de la evaluación de la calidad de la investigación del personal docente e investigador en España. El criterio más utilizado para la evaluación es la publicación de tra­bajos en revistas incluidas en las bases de datos de la Web of Science (WoS) o Scopus. El objetivo de este tra­bajo es conocer que revistas de psicología, que publican trabajos de psicología jurídica, son las que están actual­mente incluidas en las bases de datos Web of Science (WoS) y Scopus, ofrecer un análisis y comparación de los indicadores de calidad de las revistas en estas bases de datos, con el propósito de que los investigadores que trabajan en esta disciplina conozcan la situación de las publicaciones de su campo de conocimiento correspon­diente y facilitarles la mejor elección para publicar. AbstractThe scientific publications are one of the basic dimen­sions of the evaluation of the quality of research of teaching and research personnel in Spain. The most used criterion for the evaluation is the publication of papers in journals included in the Web of Science (WoS) or Sco­pus databases. The objective of this work is to know that psychology journals, which publish works of legal psy­chology, are currently included in the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases, offer an analysis and com­parison of the quality indicators of the journals in these databases, in order that researchers working in this disci­pline know the status of publications in their field of knowledge and provide them with the best choice to publish
Evaluación de un modelo social-cognitivo de la elección de la carrera desde la tipología de Holland en estudiantes de la escuela secundaria/Testing social cognitive career choice model across Holland types in high school students
Authors: Cupani Marcos , Azpilicueta Ana Estefanía , Sialle Victoria
Published: March 2018

RESUMENLa teoría social cognitiva de la carrera (SCCT; Lent, Brown & Hackett, 1994) se formuló originalmente con la finalidad de integrar diferentes modelos y constructos para lograr una comprensión más profunda de los mecanismos que regulan el desarrollo de los intereses vocacionales, la elección de la carrera y el rendimiento académico (Lent, et al., 1994, 2000). En la presente investigación se evalúa un modelo de intención de elección de carrera derivado de la SCCT. La muestra estuvo conformada por alumnos argentinos de la Escuela Secundaria, quienes respondieron a una serie de medidas sobre: fuentes de autoeficacia, creencias de autoeficacia, intereses e intención de elección de carrera. Estas medidas fueron analizadas en cada una de las seis tipologías planteadas por la teoría RIASEC (Realista, Investigador, Artista, Social, Emprendedor y Convencional) de Holland (1997). Los resultados indicaron un apoyo general a las hipótesis de la SCCT, las cuales proponen una influencia de las fuentes de autoeficacia sobre el origen de las creencias de autoeficacia y cómo estas, junto con los intereses, determinan las intenciones de elección de carrera, aunque no de forma homogénea en todas las tipologías planteadas por Holland. Se discuten los resultados para cada una de las tipologías y se consideran las limitaciones e implicaciones de estos hallazgos para futuras investigaciones.ABSTRACTSocial cognitive career theory (SCCT; Lent, Brown & Hackett, 1994) was originally formulated in order to integrate different models and constructs, to achieve a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that regulate the development of vocational interests, career choice and academic performance (Lent, et al., 1994, 2000). In this research, several hypotheses emanating from SCCT were tested. The sample was composed by Argentine high school students, who completed a series of measures, such as: sources of self-efficacy, self-efficacy beliefs, interests and intentions of career choice. These measures were analyzed in each of the six types raised in the RIASEC model (Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising and Conventional) of Holland. The results indicate general support for the hypothesis of SCCT, which suggest an influence of the sources of self-efficacy on the origin of self-efficacy beliefs and how they, together with interest, determine the intentions of career choice, but not evenly in all types raised by Holland. We consider the limitations and implications of these findings for further research.
Yo elijo, tú eliges, ellas eligen. Orientación y toma de decisiones de las chicas en la escuela//I choose, you choose, they choose. Orientation and decision making of girls at school
Authors: Aristizabal Llorente Pilar , Ugalde Gorostiza Ana Isabel , Álvarez Uría Amaia
Published: March 2018

RESUMEN Este artículo presenta los resultados obtenidos en una investigación sobre la orientación académica y profesional que se lleva a cabo en los centros educativos de Vitoria-Gasteiz y cómo la perciben tanto el profesorado como el alumnado y sus familias. Asimismo pretende identificar los factores que influyen en las decisiones estereotipadas de chicas y chicos. Para la recogida de la información se han realizado grupos de discusión con representantes del profesorado, alumnado y familias de los centros. Han sido en total siete grupos de discusión, 2 con profesorado, 3 con alumnado y 2 con las familias. También se han pasado dos cuestionarios diferenciados para el profesorado y equipos directivos participantes. Los resultados indican que, a pesar de los avances legales alcanzados en los últimos años, la orientación no sexista no es un tema prioritario entre las familias y que existen una serie de factores, como la socialización diferencial de chicas y chicos, la edad temprana a la que deben elegir un camino u otro, las expectativas de las familias, la falta de referentes y la realidad del mundo laboral, que hacen que alumnos y alumnas sigan eligiendo en función de los roles esperados para ellos y ellas. Los resultados concuerdan con otros obtenidos en investigaciones anteriores.ABSTRACT This paper presents the results obtained on academic and vocational guidance that takes place in schools and how they perceive it, both teachers and students, and their families, in the city of Vitoria in Spain. It also aims to identify the factors that influence girls´ and boys´ stereotypical decisions. For the collection of data focus groups have been conducted with representatives of teachers, students and families of schools. There have been a total of seven discussion groups, 2 with teachers, 3 with students and 2 with their families. Also two different questionnaires were done by participant teachers and management teams. The results indicate that, despite legal advances made in recent years, non-sexist orientation is not a priority among families and that there are a number of factors such as differential socialization of girls and boys, the early age at which they must choose one path or another, the expectations of families, lack of references, and the reality of working life that make students continue to choose based on the expected roles for them. The results are consistent with others obtained in previous research.
A Study on the Hydrodynamic Characteristics of a Synthetic Jet Propelled Underwater Vehicle
Authors: Wang Chao , Lin Yang , Geng Lingbo , Hu Zhiqiang
Published: March 2018

In this article, the drag characteristics of an underwater vehicle propelled by a synthetic jet (SJ) is numerically studied. The underwater vehicle studied is REMUS Autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). The cruising speed studied is up to 10 knots. The actuation parameters of the SJ actuator are the same under different cruising speeds. When the SJ actuator works, the drag of the vehicle changes periodically. The SJ-induced additional pressure drag increases with increasing cruising speed. The additional friction force is negligible. The thrust of the actuator decreases with increasing cruising speed. The thrust outputted by the SJ actuator when used for underwater vehicle propulsion is smaller than the thrust of an isolated actuator. The mathematical model of the additional drag, the model of the thrust, and the velocity distribution is given to assist the analysis in this article.

1. Introduction

The advance in propulsion technique is the key to the evolution of underwater robots. The most common method for underwater robot propulsion is using screw propellers. Thrust is generated through the high speed rotation of the blades. The fluid is accelerated not only in the axial direction but also in the radial direction; however, only fluid acceleration in the axial direction can generate thrust. A significant part of the energy is wasted in the radial direction without thrust generation. As a result, the efficiency of screw propellers is low. Furthermore, the protruded screw propellers induce significant added resistance. This further reduces the total hydrodynamic efficiency of the vehicle.

Nature always inspires the technical revolution in engineering. In nature there exist many marine creatures such as squids adopting jet propulsion. The jet created by squids is called pulsed jet. On the other hand, the jet of screw propellers is called steady jet. Studies about pulsed jet showed that compared with the steady jet, pulsed jet possess higher propulsion efficiency (Krueger 2001; Krueger & Gharib 2003, 2005; Moslemi & Krueger 2010; Lydia et al. 2011; Robert & John 2013). Seikman (1963), Weihs (1977), and recently Krueger and Gharib (2003) have shown that pulsed jets can give rise to a greater average thrust than steady jets of an equivalent mass flow rate. Lydia A. Ruiz, Robert W. Whittlesey, and John O. Dabiri found through experiment that pulsed jet has a propulsion efficiency that is 40% higher than that of steady jet, and a drag-based hydrodynamic efficiency increase more than 70% (Lydia et al. 2011). The mechanism behind this high efficiency is the formation of the vortex. The vortex will induce a radial velocity gradient at the nozzle exit. The velocity distribution becomes more ununiform compared with steady jet. As a result, the pressure at the nozzle exit will increase. This is observed by Krueger through experiment.
Monitoring biodiversity in offshore marine protected areas: A habitat mapping approach
Authors: Lacharité Myriam , Brown Craig J
Published: March 2018

A core objective of marine protected areas (MPA) is to conserve regions of high biodiversity. Establishing biodiversity baselines – e.g. local species richness and community structure – is necessary to monitor change within MPAs, but such knowledge is often lacking in offshore marine ecosystems. Here, we focus on the benthos and demonstrate how explicitly incorporating the distribution of seabed habitats through a habitat mapping approach can assist in establishing biodiversity baselines and monitoring strategies in large offshore MPAs. Two areas in temperate Atlantic Canadian waters with contrasting levels of benthic habitat diversity were considered: the St. Anns Bank MPA (high habitat diversity) and the Laurentian Channel Area of Interest (low habitat diversity). The distribution of seabed habitats was determined in both areas using high-resolution acoustic data (bathymetry, backscatter), validated with in-situ imagery of the seabed, and coupled with patterns of epibenthic and infaunal communities. Initial results suggest that 1) sampling methodology and efforts to establish biodiversity baselines are habitat-specific, since accurate species detection is challenging in complex habitats, and 2) the relationship between community structure and the spatial distribution of seabed habitats could help identify target monitoring locations. This work further develops the role of benthic habitat mapping in marine spatial planning.
A zebrafish and mouse model for selective pruritus via direct activation of TRPA1
Authors: Esancy Kali , Condon Logan , Feng Jing , Kimball Corinna , Curtright Andrew , Dhaka Ajay
Published: March 2018

Little is known about the capacity of lower vertebrates to experience itch. A screen of itch-inducing compounds (pruritogens) in zebrafish larvae yielded a single pruritogen, the TLR7 agonist imiquimod, that elicited a somatosensory neuron response. Imiquimod induced itch-like behaviors in zebrafish distinct from those induced by the noxious TRPA1 agonist, allyl isothiocyanate. In the zebrafish, imiquimod-evoked somatosensory neuronal responses and behaviors were entirely dependent upon TRPA1, while in the mouse TRPA1 was required for the direct activation of somatosensory neurons and partially responsible for behaviors elicited by this pruritogen. Imiquimod was found to be a direct but weak TRPA1 agonist that activated a subset of TRPA1 expressing neurons. Imiquimod-responsive TRPA1 expressing neurons were significantly more sensitive to noxious stimuli than other TRPA1 expressing neurons. Together, these results suggest a model for selective itch via activation of a specialized subpopulation of somatosensory neurons with a heightened sensitivity to noxious stimuli.
Stomach-brain synchrony reveals a novel, delayed-connectivity resting-state network in humans
Authors: Rebollo Ignacio , Devauchelle Anne-Dominique , Béranger Benoît , Tallon-Baudry Catherine
Published: March 2018

Resting-state networks offer a unique window into the brain’s functional architecture, but their characterization remains limited to instantaneous connectivity thus far. Here, we describe a novel resting-state network based on the delayed connectivity between the brain and the slow electrical rhythm (0.05 Hz) generated in the stomach. The gastric network cuts across classical resting-state networks with partial overlap with autonomic regulation areas. This network is composed of regions with convergent functional properties involved in mapping bodily space through touch, action or vision, as well as mapping external space in bodily coordinates. The network is characterized by a precise temporal sequence of activations within a gastric cycle, beginning with somato-motor cortices and ending with the extrastriate body area and dorsal precuneus. Our results demonstrate that canonical resting-state networks based on instantaneous connectivity represent only one of the possible partitions of the brain into coherent networks based on temporal dynamics.
The contribution of Earth observation technologies to the reporting obligations of the Habitats Directive and Natura 2000 network in a protected wetland
Authors: Regos Adrián , Domínguez Jesús
Published: March 2018

Background

Wetlands are highly productive systems that supply a host of ecosystem services and benefits. Nonetheless, wetlands have been drained and filled to provide sites for building houses and roads and for establishing farmland, with an estimated worldwide loss of 64–71% of wetland systems since 1900. In Europe, the Natura 2000 network is the cornerstone of current conservation strategies. Every six years, Member States must report on implementation of the European Habitats Directive. The present study aims to illustrate how Earth observation (EO) technologies can contribute to the reporting obligations of the Habitats Directive and Natura 2000 network in relation to wetland ecosystems.

Methods

We analysed the habitat changes that occurred in a protected wetland (in NW Spain), 13 years after its designation as Natura 2000 site (i.e., between 2003 and 2016). For this purpose, we analysed optical multispectral bands and water-related and vegetation indices derived from data acquired by Landsat 7 TM, ETM+ and Landsat 8 OLI sensors. To quantify the uncertainty arising from the algorithm used in the classification procedure and its impact on the change analysis, we compared the habitat change estimates obtained using 10 different classification algorithms and two ensemble classification approaches (majority and weighted vote).

Results

The habitat maps derived from the ensemble approaches showed an overall accuracy of 94% for the 2003 data (Kappa index of 0.93) and of 95% for the 2016 data (Kappa index of 0.94). The change analysis revealed important temporal dynamics between 2003 and 2016 for the habitat classes identified in the study area. However, these changes depended on the classification algorithm used. The habitat maps obtained from the two ensemble classification approaches showed a reduction in habitat classes dominated by salt marshes and meadows (24.6–26.5%), natural and semi-natural grasslands (25.9–26.5%) or sand dunes (20.7–20.9%) and an increase in forest (31–34%) and reed bed (60.7–67.2%) in the study area.

Discussion

This study illustrates how EO–based approaches might be particularly useful to help (1) managers to reach decisions in relation to conservation, (2) Member States to comply with the requirements of the European Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC), and (3) the European Commission to monitor the conservation status of the natural habitat types of community interest listed in Annex I of the Directive. Nonetheless, the uncertainty arising from the large variety of classification methods used may prevent local managers from basing their decisions on EO data. Our results shed light on how different classification algorithms may provide very different quantitative estimates, especially for water-dependent habitats. Our findings confirm the need to account for this uncertainty by applying ensemble classification approaches, which improve the accuracy and stability of remote sensing image classification.
The light bound states of $$ \mathcal{N}=1 $$ supersymmetric SU(3) Yang-Mills theory on the lattice
Authors: Ali Sajid , Bergner Georg , Gerber Henning , Giudice Pietro , Montvay Istvan , Münster Gernot , Piemonte Stefano , Scior Philipp
Published: March 2018

Abstract

In this article we summarise our results from numerical simulations of

$$ \mathcal{N}=1 $$

N
=
1

supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory with gauge group SU(3). We use the formulation of Curci and Veneziano with clover-improved Wilson fermions. The masses of various bound states have been obtained at different values of the gluino mass and gauge coupling. Extrapolations to the limit of vanishing gluino mass indicate that the bound states form mass-degenerate supermultiplets.
Hospital Teaching Status and Medicare Expenditures for Hepato‐Pancreato‐Biliary Surgery
Authors: Chen Qinyu , Bagante Fabio , Merath Katiuscha , Idrees Jay , Beal Eliza W. , Cloyd Jordan , Dillhoff Mary , Schmidt Carl , Diaz Adrian , White Susan , Pawlik Timothy M.
Published: March 2018

Background

The association of hospital teaching status and overall expenditures has not been studied among patients undergoing hepato‐pancreato‐biliary (HPB) surgery. We sought to define the impact of hospital teaching intensity on payments and charges associated with (HPB) surgery from the payer perspective.

Methods

Surgical patients undergoing HPB procedures were identified using 2013–2015 Medicare Provider Analysis and Review (MEDPAR) data. Hospital teaching intensity was categorized based on hospital resident‐to‐bed ratio: non‐teaching (NTH: 0), minor teaching (minor‐TH: 0–0.363), and major teaching (major‐TH:  > 0.363). Risk‐adjusted price‐standardized Medicare payments were assessed and compared among HPB surgical patients at NTH versus major‐TH.

Results

A total of 8863 patients underwent HPB (NTH: n = 1239, 14.0%; minor‐TH: n = 3202, 36.1%; major‐TH: n = 4422, 49.9%). Patient comorbidities did not vary across hospital according to teaching intensity (p = 0.27). Mean risk‐adjusted Medicare payment at a major‐TH was $29,541 versus $19,345 at a NTH (Δ‐payment: + $10,195; p < 0.001). Differences in Medicare payments associated with hospital teaching status persisted when the risk‐adjusted price was standardized to remove social subsidies and regional variation in costs (NTH: $19,760 vs. major‐TH: $28,382; Δ‐payment:  + $8623). Major‐TH had higher total charges submitted to Medicare versus NTH (NTH: $100,583 vs. major‐TH: $120,498; Δ‐charge = + $19,915), including charges for accommodations, laboratory, and blood utilization (all p < 0.05). Compared with NTH, major‐TH had lower morbidity (22.6 vs. 19.0%), serious complications (13.0 vs. 10.5%) and 30‐day mortality (4.8 vs. 2.3%) (all p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Major‐TH was associated with higher Medicare expenditures than NTH among HPB surgical patients. These differences were attributable, in part, to higher submitted charges for hospital‐based services. While associated with higher payments and charges, TH did have better short‐term outcomes compared with NTH.
Correction to: Letter to the Editor: Functional Compromise Cohort Study (FCCS): Sarcopenia is a Strong Predictor of Mortality in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Looijaard Wilhelmus G. P. M. , Weijs Peter J. M. , Oudemans‐van Straaten Heleen M.
Published: March 2018

The article title for this Letter to the Editor is correct as reflected here. The original article has been corrected.
Characterization of Panandhro Lignite Deposits (Kachchh Basin), western India: Results from the Bulk Geochemical and Palynofloral Compositions
Authors: Mathews R. P. , Singh B. D. , Singh Hukam , Singh V. P. , Singh Alpana
Published: March 2018

Characterization of the Panandhro lignite deposits from western Indian state of Gujarat, based on the geochemical and palynological evidences, has been performed to assess the floral composition, maturity and hydrocarbon potential of the sequence. Elementally, the lignites consist of moderate carbon, low hydrogen and moderate sulfur contents. The samples are characterized by high TOC contents (lignite: av. 46.43 wt.%, resin: 62.47 wt.%). The average HI values for the lignite is 136 mg HC/g TOC, and that of the associated resin is 671 mg HC/g TOC. The highest Tmax is recoded in lignite (422°C) and lowest in the resin (39°C) samples. The FTIR spectrum of lignite is characterized by highly intense OH stretching peak ∼3350 cm–1, aliphatic CHx stretching peaks between 3000-2800 cm–1, aromatic C=O stretching and an aromatic C=C stretching. The spectrum of resin shows strongest absorption due to aliphatic CHx stretching between 2940-2915 cm–1 and 2870-2850 cm–1, and deformation by the medium peak between 1450 and 1650 cm–1. The recovered palynofloral assemblage indicates the dominance of angiosperm pollen grains with maximum abundance of Arecaceae family, and subdominant pteridophytic spores. Marine influence is indicated by the presence of abundant dinoflagellate cysts. The occurrence of flora from a variety of ecological niches suggests a luxuriant diverse vegetation pattern existed in the vicinity of depositional site under humid tropical conditions. The overall characteristics of the lignite deposits point towards their ability to generate (upon maturation) hydrocarbons as they have types III–II admixed kerogen (organic matters).
Assessment of Liquefaction Potential of the Sediments of Chandigarh Area
Authors: Kandpal G. C. , Agarwal K. K.
Published: March 2018

Assessment of the liquefaction potential is one of the important aspects for earthquake hazard assessment. Liquefaction in the sediments during earthquake events may cause significant ground deformation, which in turn, may lead to significant structural damages to civil or engineering structures, further leading to loss of life and property. Liquefaction in sediments occurs in specific geological and geoenvironmental conditions under the influence of a certain level of earthquake shaking.

In this paper an assessment of the liquefaction potential of the sediments present in and around Chandigarh has been made. The sub-surface disposition and geotechnical properties of the sedimentary units mapped and depth wise probed by drilling 24 shallow boreholes prima facie indicates susceptibility of interlayed sequence to liquefaction. The conditioning factors and geoenvironmental conditions essential for occurrence of liquefaction have been integrated and analysed to determine potential areas for liquefaction around the Union Territory of Chandigarh with respect to different levels of ground acceleration values expected in the area due to earthquake events.
Influence of Overlying Roof Strata on Rib Design in Mechanised Depillaring
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Kumar Dheeraj , Verma Amit Kumar , Singh Arun Kumar , Ram Sahendra , Kumar Rakesh
Published: March 2018

Depillaring of the existing pillars (square or rectangular in shape) by continuous miner provides irregular shaped ribs. An assessment of strength of such a rib becomes a difficult task. Literature review finds a number of approaches for the rib design but the scope of straight forward application of these approaches is limited due to the uniqueness of geo-mining conditions of the Indian coalfields. This review also finds that a wide spectrum of moderate roof conditions is yet to be properly addressed. Field studies at some depillaring operations in Indian coalfields indicated the influence of roof strata over the stability of a rib is considerably high. A systematic study of the roof strata influence on simulated models provided interesting results. A model for rib design is conceived on the basis of the simulation results. Discussing couple of field experiences of rib stability during mechanised depillaring under two different types of roof strata of Indian coalfields, this paper presents some results of the simulation along with the conceived model of a rib design.
Geotechnical Cartographic Synthesis of Bejaia City, North East of Algeria
Authors: Lillouch S. , Meziane Y. Ait , Bendadouche H.
Published: March 2018

Geotechnics has a significant contribution in the construction engineering and natural risks, by providing for many useful data to direct the regional planning and prevent catastrophes. The geotechnical cartography became imperative to satisfy the intensive requirement of data concerning the soil and the basement, which initiated the urban development, often anarchistic. Indeed the cartography in geotechnics is a very complex task, because information concerning the soil and the basement are diverse. Due to its coastal and touristic position, Bejaia is one of the promising cities of Algeria. The site, on which the city is erected, is as an amphitheater where the sea is the scene. Indeed, Bejaia is located on a site surrounded by mountains on the three sides, north-south -west and it faces the sea on the east, its extension requires the use of lands with broken topography, and lead to appearance of new urban zones. These were built without consulting the experts in the field of the civil engineering, particularly geotechnics. This article presents the geotechnical cartography of Bejaia city; which shows the preliminary results of the zone of study, based on existing geotechnical, geological and topographic data.
Geology and Petrology of the Intraplate Cenozoic Continental Basalts in the Transcaucasian Intermountain Area (Georgia)
Authors: Tutberidze Bezhan , Akhalkatsishvili Mariam
Published: March 2018

The Transcaucasian intermountain area is part of the Caucasus segment of the Alpine-Mediterranean mountain belt. The continental intraplate basalts of the study area range in age from 6.10 ± 0.20 to 6.40 ± 0.20 Ma. The basalt erupted from monogenetic volcanoes are formed by lava flows and their pyroclastic equivalents. They are generally characterized by low volumes, are predominantly subalkalic with minor alkaline composition. The ultramafic xenoliths have not been identified in the basalts. The basalts may be subdivided into porphyritic and oligophyric groups. Fractional crystallization plays an important role in the petrogenesis of basalts. Almost all the studied samples showed different degrees of fractionation of olivine ± plagioclase ± clinopyroxene. No significant contamination of basalts with upper continental crustal material was confirmed by Rb/Sr and Rb/Ba ratios or by Sr, Nd isotopic and geochemical composition (87Sr/86Sr = 0.703683-0.704531±2; 143Nd/144Nd = 0.512788-0.512848 ±10; 147Sm/144Nd = 0.1036-0.1144 ±2-3). The studied basalts display, compared to heavy rare earth elements (HREE), highly fractionated light rare earth elements (LREE) with La/Yb=9.25-24.00. This makes them similar to ocean island basalts (OIB), which is also evidenced by Ce/Pb, La/Nb, Zr/Nb, Zr/Y ratios. The Dy/Yb-La/Yb and Yb-La/Yb and 87Sr/86Sr-143Nd/144Nd ratios indicating a “mixed” evolution of basalt-forming magmas. The basalt feeding magma chambers of the Transcaucasian inter-mountain area seem to be formed from a mixture of partial melting of Normal-MORB (Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalt) type upper mantle (garnet and spinel lherzolite) and EMII type components with strong ocean island basalts (OIB)-like signature.
Evaluation of the effects of glucose on osmolal gap using freezing point depression and vapor pressure methods
Authors: Lin Kuei‐Ying , Chen Po‐Chih , Chen Szu‐Chia , Huang Yeou‐Lih , Chen Hung‐Chun
Published: March 2018

The measurement of serum osmolality, and the calculation of osmolal gap (OG) from a calculated osmolality are widely used in clinical and emergency medicine. In this study, the possible effects of blood glucose on OG were investigated by freezing point depression and vapor pressure methods. The concentrations of sodium, glucose, blood urea nitrogen and osmolalities of 2640 samples were measured. There were two methods for calculating serum osmolality: freezing point depression method (n = 2399) and vapor pressure method (n = 241). The OG was positively associated with glucose in glucose 110–450 mg/dL (r = 0.191, p < 0.001) and glucose > 450 mg/dL (r = 0.372, p < 0.001), but not in glucose < 110 mg/dL (r = 0.017, p = 0.711) in freezing point depression method. However, OG had no correlation with glucose regardless of glucose level in vapor pressure method. In freezing point depression method, compared with the groups of glucose <110 and 110–450 mg/dL, the group with glucose >450 mg/dL had higher OG (p < 0.001) and higher prevalence of OG > 10 mOsm/Kg H2O (p < 0.001). Our study demonstrated that OG is impacted by increasing blood glucose concentration using freezing point depression method, special attention should be made to blood glucose concentrations when using freezing point depression method to determine OG.
On- and off-design performance of a model rotating turbine with non-axisymmetric endwall contouring and a comparison to cascade data
Authors: Snedden G. , Dunn D. , Ingram G.
Published: March 2018

Non-axisymmetric endwalls in turbine stages have shown to be a robust method to improve the performance of turbines in both power generation and aero-derivative applications. Non-axisymmetric endwalls target the control of secondary flows and are designed using detailed computational fluid dynamics coupled with a variety of optimisation algorithms and utilising a number of objective functions according to the engine company or researcher's preference. These numerical predictions are often backed up by detailed measurements in linear and annular cascades and later proven in full-scale engine tests. Relatively little literature is available describing their performance in rotating test rigs or at conditions other than design, apart from that of the authors. This study comprehensively revisits the low-speed, model turbines used in the earlier study, replacing all of the 5-hole probe data with more accurate results and additional hot-film measurements. These results together with computational fluid dynamics solutions are used to show the success of the method across a large incidence range and to compare to earlier cascade results for a similar endwall and blade profile to establish the usefulness of cascade testing in this application. In addition, a comparison to two other off-design studies is made. Results indicate that the endwalls successfully improve the rotor total isentropic efficiency at all test conditions and that the improvement increases with increased turning in the blade row, from 0.5% to 1.8% across the incidence range. The results also compare well to the estimation of isentropic efficiency improvement that can be drawn from the cascade testing which stands at 1.55%.
Unsteady loads for coaxial rotors in forward flight computed using a vortex particle method
Authors: Tan J. , Sun Y. , Barakos G. N.
Published: March 2018

Recent advances in coaxial rotor design have shown benefits of this configuration. Nevertheless, issues related to rotor-head drag, aerodynamic performance, wake interference, and vibration should also be considered. Simulating the unsteady aerodynamic loads for a coaxial rotor, including the aerodynamic interactions between rotors and rotor blades, is an essential part of analysing their vibration characteristics. In this article, an unsteady aerodynamic analysis based on a vortex particle method is presented. In this method, a reversed-flow model for the retreating side of the coaxial rotor is proposed based on an unsteady panel technique. To account for reversed flow, shedding a vortex from the leading edge is used rather than from the trailing edge. Moreover, vortex-blade aerodynamic interactions are accounted for. The model considers the unsteady pressure term induced on a blade by tip vortices of other blades, and thus accounts for the aerodynamic interaction between the rotors and its contribution to the unsteady airloads. Coupling the reversed-flow model and the vortex-blade aerodynamic interaction model with the viscous vortex-particle method is used to simulate the complex wake of the coaxial rotor. The unsteady aerodynamic loads on the X2 coaxial rotor are simulated in forward flight, and compared with the results of PRASADUM (Parallelized Rotorcraft Analysis for Simulation And Design, developed at the University of Maryland) and CFD/CSD computations with the OVERFLOW and the CREATE-AV Helios tools. The results of the present method agree with the results of the CFD/CSD method, and compare to it better than the PRASADUM solutions. Furthermore, the influence of the aerodynamic interaction between the coaxial rotors on the unsteady airloads, frequency, wake structure, induced flow, and force distributions are analysed. Additionally, the results are also compared against computations for a single-rotor case, simulated at similar conditions as the coaxial rotor. It is shown that the effect of tip vortex interaction plays a significant role in unsteady airloads of coaxial rotors at low speeds, while the rotor blade passing effect is obviously strengthened at high-speed.
Three-dimensional organization and dynamics of vortices in multichannel swirling jets
Authors: Ianiro Andrea , Lynch Kyle P. , Violato Daniele , Cardone Gennaro , Scarano Fulvio
Published: March 2018

The unsteady three-dimensional flow organization of jets issued from a duct with swirl vanes at Reynolds number equal to 1000 and swirl number $S$ ranging between 0 and 0.8 is investigated. Time-resolved tomographic particle image velocimetry returns the instantaneous flow structure and its evolution by visualization of velocity and vortical features. The most relevant coherent motions are identified and characterized with the aid of dynamic mode decomposition. The time-averaged flow topology indicates that the vanes used to impart the swirling motion have a significant impact on the azimuthal modulation of momentum, with the jet exhibiting four sectors separated by a thin cross-like wake resulting from the boundary layer developed along the vane walls. The flow field is thus characterized by inner and outer shear regions. An increase in swirl, up to moderate levels ($S=0.4$), causes larger jet spreading angles. Further increase of the swirl number is accompanied by the appearance of a central recirculation zone due to vortex breakdown at $S=0.6$ which increases in size and is triggered upstream for increasing $S$. Although no shear layer instability development is observed at $S=0$, already at $S=0.2$ the swirling motion promotes the growth of helical vortices appearing as Kelvin–Helmholtz waves that deform the outer axial shear layer. The downstream evolution features successive pairing, which is observed for all the considered swirl numbers. The initial development of the instability is independent for each vane, whereas a mutual interaction between the vanes occurs after the vortex pairing. The reconnection from the four sectors vortices induces a significant increase of azimuthal vorticity, which affects the dynamical behaviour of the precessing vortex core. The latter is visualized by a low-order spatio-temporal reconstruction based on few dynamical modes. At a higher swirl number ($S\geqslant 0.6$), the axial vorticity component dominates the flow field; it interacts with the azimuthal vorticity, which penetrates inward through the meanders of the vane wakes and forces the vortex core precession and breakdown.
LA ORGANIZACIÓN POLÍTICA Y EL PAISAJE DE CHICHÉN ITZÁ, YUCATÁN, MÉXICO, EN EL PERÍODO CLÁSICO TERMINAL (830-930 dC)
Authors: Bíró Péter , de Heredia Eduardo Pérez
Published: March 2018

Este artículo examina la organización política de la ciudad prehispánica de Chichén Itzá, Yucatán, México, durante el reinado de K'ak' Upakal K'inich K'awil en la segunda mitad del siglo IX dC. Las interpretaciones políticas y territoriales que presentamos se basan en un entramado cronológico en el que entendemos los sectores del Chichén Itzá “Maya” y el Chichén Itzá “Tolteca” como dos periodos diferentes y secuenciales. Examinamos los cambios que aparecen en el período Clásico terminal, tales como las nuevas características no Mayas, el uso de glifos y nombres de origen foráneo, así como dioses de las Tierras Altas de México y nuevos tipos de edificios. En esta contribución también mostramos cómo el sistema interno de organización social cambió de un modelo de monarquía de un rey absoluto, identificado con la divinidad, a un tipo de gobierno más estructurado e incluyente, con mayor poder de la nobleza. Finalmente, proponemos un patrón de asentamiento que refleja esta nueva organización sociopolítica.
Visco-instability of shear viscoelastic collisional dusty plasma systems
Authors: Mahdavi-Gharavi M. , Hajisharifi K. , Mehidan H.
Published: March 2018

In this paper, the stability of Newtonian and non-Newtonian viscoelastic collisional shear-velocity dusty plasmas is studied, using the framework of a generalized hydrodynamic (GH) model. Motivated by Banerjeeet al.’s work (Banerjeeet al.,New J. Phys., vol. 12 (12), 2010, p. 123031), employing linear perturbation theory as well as the local approximation method in the inhomogeneous direction, the dispersion relations of the Fourier modes are obtained for Newtonian and non-Newtonian dusty plasma systems in the presence of a dust–neutral friction term. The analysis of the obtained dispersion relation in the non-Newtonian case shows that the inhomogeneous viscosity force depending on the velocity shear profile can be the genesis of a free energy source which leads the shear system to be unstable. Study of the dust–neutral friction effect on the instability of the considered systems using numerical analysis of the dispersion relation in the Newtonian case demonstrates that the maximum growth rate decreases considerably by increasing the collision frequency in the hydrodynamic regime, while this reduction can be neglected in the kinetic regime. Results show a more significant stabilization role of the dust–neutral friction term in the non-Newtonian cases, through decreasing the maximum growth rate at any fixed wavenumber and construction of the instable wavenumber region. The results of the present investigation will greatly contribute to study of the time evolution of viscoelastic laboratory environments with externally applied shear; where in these experiments the dust–neutral friction process can play a considerable role.
Comparing the Received Pronunciation of J. R. Firth and Daniel Jones: A sociophonetic perspective
Authors: Przedlacka Joanna , Ashby Michael
Published: March 2018

This study focuses on a corpus assembled from commercial recordings of 1929 and 1932 featuring the two British linguists J. R. Firth (1890–1960) and Daniel Jones (1881–1967). The aim is to analyse and quantify differences in the Received Pronunciation (RP) used by the two men, in relation to sociolinguistic and stylistic variation within RP of the period. A systematic acoustic analysis reveals that whereas the vowel systems of the two speakers are closely similar in most respects, there are significant differences in the realizations of the trap, price and dress qualities. We show that each of these has a well-documented history of variation in RP, and find that in each case Firth is employing the higher-class or more prestigious variant, which is a reversal of expectations based on what is known about the social and regional origins of the two. We consider the possible roles of social background, avoidance of regional features and hypercorrection. The outcomes of our work are (i) an illustration of RP used in the interwar period for the purposes of teaching English as a foreign language, (ii) empirical evidence for internal variation within the accent, (iii) additional insights into the stylistic and social correlates of this variation, and (iv) a demonstration that satisfactory formant analyses can be conducted with recordings from as early as the 1920s. Overall, it is hoped that this case-study will both throw light on the ‘standard’ accent of the era and inspire further sociophonetic investigations with legacy recordings.
Democratism: Towards an explanatory approach to international politics
Authors: Agné Hans
Published: March 2018

International politics has often been viewed as a brutal place where might trumps right and where, as a consequence, questions of democracy are irrelevant to ask. In the last decades, however, scholars and political leaders have increasingly suggested that elements of democracy exist in governance beyond individual states. If this is so, how does democracy beyond the state shape international politics? This article suggests conceptual preliminaries for theorising consequences of democracy beyond the state in general and their implications for problems of peace and conflict in particular. The purpose is twofold: first, to begin reconstructing existing normative democratic theory into an explanatory perspective sensitive to international politics; second, to indicate how this new perspective is able to explain empirical observations pertaining to conflict and cooperation among states; international institutions; foreign policies; human rights protection; and the violence of transnational terrorist networks.