bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of the Specific Mass Rate of Multicomponent Petroleum Products Burn-up
Authors:   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Khusnutdinova S.M. , Khafizov F.Sh. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Khafizov I.F. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University
Published: November 2021

The specific mass burn-up rate of combustible substances (materials) in case of a fire, determines the heat release intensity, the temperature of burning, the intensity of fire development and other parameters. Like the rate of flame propagation, the mass burn-up rate depends on the physical and chemical properties of substances, their aggregate state, as well as other factors. The mass burn-up rate is used in modeling the process of fire development, assessment of the rate of heat release and the intensity of the supply of extinguishing agents to fire extinguishing installations. Currently, the values of the specific mass burn-up rate are given in various reference materials for a limited number of petroleum products. For single-component substances, the desired value can also be determined by calculation. The existing calculation formulas in theory are applicable for both simple and complex substances, and, in this case, there is a need to calculate the values of the specific heat of combustion and evaporation, the specific heat capacity of the substance. However, the process of complex hydrocarbon fuels burn-up differs significantly- it is due to the gradual burning out of individual fractions in their composition. Therefore, for complex substances the calculation should be made considering the changes in density and temperature during the process of burning. The methods for determining the specific mass rate of burnout of multicomponent petroleum products are considered, the universal nomogram and calculation formula are proposed that will allow determining the specific mass rate of burn-up, knowing the density of the petroleum product under normal conditions and its boiling point.
Metal Ore Mining Technologies and Health of the Mining Region Population
Authors:   SRSPU (NPI), Golik V.I. ,   GPI VSC RAS, Razorenov Yu.I. ,   YuRGPU (NPI), Kachurin N.M. ,   Tula State University, Liskova M.Yu. ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University
Published: November 2021

The issues of preventing chemical exposure of the products of mining and processing of mineral raw materials on the population of mining facilities are considered. The results are presented concerning assessment of the correlation between the intensity of chemical pollution of the infrastructure of mining enterprises and the health of miners and the population living in the vicinity of a mining enterprise by means of clinical and biochemical examination of residents. It is established that the negative effect of mining production on the health of the population is a consequence of development technologies with the abandonment of untreated ores in the cavities, where physicochemical processes of natural leaching are developing. It is shown that the known methods of fixing dumps reduce only the parameters of dust pollution without effecting the contamination of the territory with metal solutions, and the forms of finding chemical elements in the tailings of processing do not prevent their inclusion in the biological cycles of living creatures, therefore, the radical measure to prevent progressive morbidity is only the extraction of metals from the tailings of ore processing during disposal. It is established that the speed and direction of exomorphodynamic processes are determined by the parameters of movement of the mobile fractions of metallic minerals. The activity of natural leaching processes is a consequence of the development technologies and can be reduced by using controlled leaching of metal-containing minerals. The formula for the dependence of the parameters of chemical pollution on the distance to the pollution focus is obtained. The assessment of social damage from the effect of the polluted environment on health of the population only by expanses on the treatment of the population and social security services during disability is incorrect, because the impact of metals is much larger. The use of tailings for processing waste from the mining cycle after bringing it to a safe state in terms of metal content allows to reduce morbidity of workers and the population of residential areas of mining production.
Dark Side of Digital Literacy
Authors: Shalini Mrs. Mariya , Shylaja Dr. E. Arokiya
Published: November 2021

Education is a field of indispensable transformation. During the hard time of pandemic outbreak, the method of teaching and learning changed undeniably. What had caused the changes? The pandemic or the learning needs and practices of students. Students’ learning needs are, of course, a priority. What could be the ideal form of teaching learning when students are not able to attend their daily transaction of subject content? It's only possible through the virtual mode. A very challenging period for the teaching fraternity, the student community, and the parents as well. Students must adapt themselves to virtual learning, and teachers must equip themselves with a new method of teaching. It is the parents' responsibility to procure items that please their wards. The current scenario of teaching and learning is therefore reliant heavily on digital literacy skills. In every coin there is a flip side. Similarly, digital literacy also has its pros and cons. The objective of this paper is to bring to light the dark side of digital literacy.
In vitro Effect of Activated Charcoal and microcutting type on microtuberization of potato CV. Desiree
Authors: Hamza Musa Muhammed
Published: November 2021

Tips of sprouts (0.3–0.5 mm) of Desiree potato sterilized and cultured on proliferation media. The cultures were incubated for 35 days at 16 hours photoperiod at 25 ± 2 º C under 1000 loux light intensity. In vitro – proliferated shoot were cut at 1-2 cm into three types of microcuttings (i.e. apical, subapical and basal) and cultured onto MS media supplimented with 10% sucrose for microtuberization. Activated Charcoal treatments 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 gm /l were added to the microtuberization media .The weight, size and eyes number cultured of microtubers were significantly increased when basal microcuttings cultured on microtuberization media supplimented with 3gm /l charcoal while 2gm/l charcoal with the subapical cuttings resulted in high proliferation rate
Numerical Taxonomy of Local Streptomyces isolates
Authors: Al-Gafadri Rebah N. , Al-Qaragoli Rehab S. , Al-Rubaie Asia J. , Abdul-Mallik W.
Published: November 2021

In this study, 11 local Streptomyces isolates were studied for 55 criteria that they possessed which included morphological, and biochemical one. Using clustering algorithm we found that these isolates are lying in 3 major clusters and they construct 10 minor clusters according to their genetic distance. We were able to conclude that these isolates were driven from two common ancestors that possessed the longest genetic distance between them. Using proposal published by Williams et al, 1981, we were able to classify these isolates into 4 major species groups which are S. rochei, S. diataticus, S. chromofucud, and S. atroolivaceus. Only two of the 11 isolates were not classified to a major species group since they did not match the criteria given by Williams et al., 1981 that required further investigation.
Study the effect of Trigonella Foenum-Graecum Foenugreek on some parameters of sperm and serum in Alloxan diabetic mice
Authors: Al-Ahmed Hazim I.
Published: November 2021

The influence of fenugreek injected (IP) on male fertility by using following tests (measurement of testosterone level, sperm viability, activity, motility and abnormalities) and on GOT, GPT, Al.ph. and Lipid profile status was studied in normal and alloxan diabetic mice.Alloxan diabetic mice were injected with Trigonella extract for 5 weeks at a dosage of 2g/kg body weight. The Alloxan diabetic mice exhibited enhanced decrease significantly in glucose level in serum. Increased testosterone level and decreased dead sperms, abnormalities and increase motility , decrease in GOT, GPT, AL.PH. and lipid profile, in alloxan diabetic mice
Effect of China berry crude extracts on broad mites in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Gatta Assma , Al – ani Luaay K. , Al - ani Nabeel
Published: November 2021

Tissue culture were established from leaf and stem of china berry (Melia azedarach ) tree . Using MS media the best regulator to form callus were 6mg/l BAP, all other concentrations did not give callus . The crude extracts from leaves and callus established from leaves were extracted with water and ethanol with different concentrations. In ethanol extracts the least concentration 0.0001 half of the treated parasites were killed in 24 hours while the number increase as the concentration increase . However in callus the ethanol extracts were much higher about 8.5 were killed in the above concentration . In water extracts the least concentration 0.0001 killed half of the treated parasites in 24 hours .This number was increased 8 or 9 in 48 and 72 hours respectively . These results give us preliminary idea about the biological control of this dangerous parasite.
Study the effect of aqueous extracts of Pimpinella anisum , Foeniculum vulgara and agroup of different medical herbs on growth of bacteria ( Staphylococcus aureus) isolated from Sputum of bronchiolitis patients .
Authors: AI – Ani Ibtihal E . , AI – Obaidi Sabah A . R . , Jasim Amna N .
Published: November 2021

This study was conducted to determine the inhibitory dose of the hot and cold aqueous extracts of Pimpinella anisum (PA) , Foeniculum vulgara (FV) , and agroup of different medical herbs on growth of bacteria , Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the sputum of bronchiolitis patients . Minimum Inhibitory concentration (MIC) method was used to test the sensitivity of the bacteria toward the above extract . The hot aqueous extract of (PA)in concentration of 23.8 and 28mg/ ml gave a strong inhibitory ability on the growth of the bacteria at MIC 0.01 mg/ ml compared with the highest concentration of 47.6 mg/ml which did not inhibit the bacterial growth at MIC 0.02 mg/ml . The cold aqueous extract of PA at 125 mg /ml concentration also did not inhibit the bacterial growth up to MIC 0.12 mg / ml . This study also revealed that a concentration of 17.12 mg / ml of hot aqueous extract of FV seeds had no inhibitory effect on growth up to MIC 0.008 mg / ml . The combined hot aqueous extract of PA and FV seeds in a ratio of 1gm to 0.5 gm respectively an 1gm to 1 gm (24and 40.32mg / ml respectively ) also did not have any inhibitory effect of bacterial growth up to MIC 0.002 and 0.004 mg / ml, respectively . The results of this experiment also revealed that hot aqueous extract of similar quantities and concentrations ( 17.28 and 31.74 mg /ml ) of a mixture of several medical herbs like ( PA , FV , Anthemis nobilis , Thymus bovei ,Gum Arabic, Nigella sativa , Althaea , and Cydonia vulgaris ) did not show any inhibitory action on bacterial growth up to MIC of 0.004 and 0.007 mg / ml . It could be concluded that the inhibitory ability of the hot aqueous extract of PA seeds is the best compared to the other extracts used . The inhibition of bacterial growth may need a carefully selected medical herbs in different concentrations and combination .
Cytogenetic Studies on Goat Blood Lymphocytes:Cell Cycling
Authors: Shubber E. K. , Jaffer Z. MT , Abdul-Kareem A. , AL-Tememi M. I.
Published: November 2021

Peripheral blood lymphocytes from goats (local breed) were cultivated in RPMI-1640 medium containing 15µg/ml of BudR 20 µg/ml of PHA for different times (12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72 and 96( hrs. to determination the cell cycle duration. Blastogenesis was appeared post first 12hr of cultivation followed by first mitoses post 24 hrs. of culture initiation. The second and third cell cycling lasted 22 and 21 hrs, respectively. Effects of 6-thioguanine, methotrexate , colchicine and tamoxifen on cell cycle progression were investigated. Goat cells were found to be resistant to tamoxifen and MTX and sensitive to 6 TG and colchicine, which could be use as genetic markers to chick cellular genome integrity. Priming of goat blood lymphocytes was achieved by treating the blood with PHA for 24hr. Such treatment increased the in vitro growing period of derived lymphoblasts with short cycling time. However, PHA was found to be a promoting factor for initiation of blastogenesis and cell divisions in goat blood lymphoblasts. These techniques: Genetic markers, cytogenetic analysis cell cycling and lymphoblast explantation are crucial processes for nuclear transplantation processes.
The effect of gamma radiation on callus growth and plantlet regeneration of four tomato hybrid Lycopersicon esculentum mill In vitro
Authors: Al-roomia AssRana A.H.
Published: November 2021

Calluses were induced from four tomato hybrid (Davista, superDavista, Muntcarloo,Hymar). On MS medium supplemented with 2, 4-D Auxin at concentration of 4 mg/L.The Callus were divided into two groups the first one was affected with gammaradiation at the doses (0,2,4,6,8)Gray and re cultured on the same mentioned medium.The second group was also affected with gamma radiation with the same dosesmentioned above and re- cultured on MS media supplemented with 0.5 mg/L Kinetinfor regeneration. Fresh and dry weight was measured after 8 weeks. The number andlength of shoots were measured as indicators after 6 weeks. Results revealed that thedose 2 Gray was superior to give highest rate of fresh and dry weight reaching 238.5and 43.1 mg respectively and the hybrid super Davista was superior in giving thehighest fresh and dry weight reaching 231.6 and 30.2 mg respectively. Moreover theresults revealed that control treatment was superior in giving the highest rate innumber and length of plantlets. The 2 Gray treatment showed a significant effect onthe rate and length of plantlets. In addition, there were significant differences amongthe cultivars in most characters mentioned above.
Effect of ethanolic extract of Clove (Eugenia caryophyllus) on growth of some types of pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Abid Huda Suhail
Published: November 2021

Effect of ethanolic extract of Clove (Eugenia caryophyllus) examined against (4) species of pathogenic bacteria ('Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium) using: diffusion method, determination the minimum inhibitory concentration MIC, and minimum bactericidal concentration MBC. The results showed that Clove extract appeared high inhibitory effect on the growth of' 'Staphylococcus aureus & Pseudomonas aeruginosa, this inhibition increased with increasing the concentration. The MIC values were, 2.0, 4.0 mg/ml respectively, on the other hand, the MBC value against 'Staphylococcus aureus was 4.0 mg/ml. while the MBC value against Pseudomonas aeruginosa dose not effective. Further Escherichia coli & Salmonella typhimurium showed resistance to the activity of Clove extract.
Effect of Garlic and Celery on lipolysis of chadder cheese with high somatic cells count
Authors: AL- mosowy Azhar J.
Published: November 2021

The study include two experiments, in the 1st one, minced Garlic and Celery weradded performing at 5 and 20% to chadder cheese made from milk contained high somatic cells count (4.2 x10 6 cell/ ml), it was noted that these materials had a significant effect on preventiy lipolysis in cheese which was appeared through decreasing the Acid Degrees Value (ADV) of cheese samples contained Garlic and Celery. This decrease in values were fallowed by increasing the percentages of these materials and which was assured by the sensory evaluation. In second experiment two, chadder cheese samples contained high somatic cells count were brined in 23% solution plus 20% Garlic or Celery. Data of lipolysis also showed that these treatments prevented lipolysis comparing to cheese samples brined without adding minced Garlic and Celery.
Chemical detections of active compounds in Melilotus indica extracts
Authors: Mutasher Faisal K. , Aziz Ghazi M. , Abdul-Razzak Amani A.W .
Published: November 2021

The crude extracts of the leaves of melilotus indica which collected in two dates (midFebruary, mid March) have been prepared by three solvents (Distilled water, ethanol 80% and chloroform) and three buffer solutions (Sodium acetate buffer, Sodium phosphate buffer and Tris-hydrochloric acid buffer), the greater percentage of crude extracts achieved by phosphate buffer which were 47.3% and 29.2% for second and first dates, respectively, while the lowest percentage of crude extracts achieved by chloroform extracts which were 13.2% and 10.0% for second and first dates, respectively. The qualitative chemical detections for active compounds in crude extracts revealed a positive results for the saponins, tannins, coumarins, flavones and glycosides, while the detections revealed a negative results for the alkaloids, resins and volatile oils. The active compounds in crude extracts prepared by solvents and buffer solutions were studied by thin layer chromatography (TLC), the solvent extracts were contains five compounds with relative flow (RF) 0.65, 0.4 for coumarin and umbelliferon, respectively, and 0.5, 0.27, 0.2 which belong to simple coumarins compounds in melilotus indica, while buffer solution extracts were contains two compounds with RF value 0.65 and 0.4 for coumarin and umbelliferon, respectively.
Antimicrobial Studies of novel metal complexes of 3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl phenyl methanone and 1-benzoyl-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one
Authors: Al-Sabti Matheel D. , Al-Amiery Ahmed A. H. , Al-Majedy Yasmien K. , Ali Amel
Published: November 2021

Chromium )III), cobalt (II), nickel (II), copper (II) and cadmium (II) complexes of 3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl phenyl methanone and 1-benzoyl-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV/visible spectra, and room temperature magnetic susceptibility. Cadmium complex is expected to have tetrahedral structure while the other complexes are expected to have octahedral structure. The free ligands and their metal complexes have been tested in vitro against a number of microorganisms (Staphylococcus aurous, E.coli, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas, and Klebsiella) in order to assess their antimicrobial properties.
Histopathological Effects of Tilletia fungus Spores Causing Wheat Smut on the Stomach, Intestines and Heart of Experimental Mice
Authors: Kadhum Eman Jwad , Hasony Adel Abed , Jameel Neamat
Published: November 2021

Oral dose and intraperitonial injection of 30 experimental mice with spore suspension of Tilletia fungus revealed different clinical signs, included decrease in body weight, emaciation, general weakness, dyspenia, and ataxia. Severity of these changes depend upon concentration of spore suspension. While histopathological effects on heart, stomach and intestine of these experimental mice, were seen at concentration of 0.1 milligram / 0.5 milliliter PBS of spore suspension. Oral dose revealed more histopathologic damage in stomach, and intestine tissue than intraperitonial injection. Oral dose of 0.1 milligram /0.5 milliliter PBS caused mucous epithelium sloughing or detachment squamation accompanied with formation of ulcers oedema damage and necrosis, on the other hand, intraperitonial injection caused epithelium detachment with ulceration.
تاثير المبيد Oxamyl في الوراثة الخلوية للخلايا اللمفاوية للدم المحيطي في الانسان
Authors: Azawei Basheer I . , Al-Khafaji Zahra M . , Yassein Nahi Y.
Published: November 2021

The effect of of carbamate pesticides (Oxamyl) on some parameters of cytogenetics of human peripheral blood lymphocytes was studied. These parameters were induction of chromosomal aberrations (CAs) and it's types; and formation of Micronuclei (Mn); in addition to estimating the mitotic index (MI) of cultured cells. The concentrations used were (0.1, 0.5, 5, 25, 50) × 10 -5 M which were added to lymphocyte cultures. Results indicated that the concentrations induced the CAs as the concentrations increased with positive correlation coefficient (r = + 0.904). Abnormalities in the control treatment were mainly as chromosomal breaks , these increased to 2 , 4 , 4 , 10 , 18 respectively and were with significant differences compared to control treatment (P<0.01) . Dicentric chromosomes appeared with 2 % level at concentration 25 × 10 -5 M , the latter abnormality raised to 4 % at concentration 50 × 10 -5 M in addition to the appearance of acentric chromosomes (1 % ), all of them were with significant differences (P<0.01). Micronuclei (Mn) increased in cells as the concentrations increased with positive correlation coefficient (r = + 0.983), and the highest value recorded at concentration 50 × 10 -5 M (6.66 %). MI had no significant difference from the control treatment (P>0.01), but started to decline at concentrations 5, 25, 50 × 10 -5 M and the values were 1.77, 1.5, 1.33 respectively compared to control treatment (2.5) with significant difference (P<0.01).
Determination the optimum condition for production of superoxide dismutase (SOD) from a local isolate of staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Rasheed Hala Abd- Alkariem , Aziz Ghazi Munim
Published: November 2021

Thirty three isolates classified as Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from 183 different samples that included wounds, burns, boils, abscesses, ear, nose, vaginal swabs, blood, urine samples, sputum, seminal fluid and cerebrospinal fluid. The ability of these isolates to produce superoxide dismutase (SOD) was tested by using submerged culture. It has been found that the isolate S.aureus HM86 has the highest productivity of the enzyme. The optimal condition for SOD enzyme production from the isolate S.aureus HM86 by the submerged culture method were determined using (0.5 %) Mannose as carbon source and peptone (0.5%) and pancreatic digest of casein (2%) as nitrogen sources with initial pH of 7 after 12 hours of incubation at 37oC, in shaker incubator at 150 rpm and with aeration ratio (1: 6.6). It has been found that the best method for enzyme extraction is by using ultrasonication for 15 min, the optimal time for addition of paraquat at concentration of 0.5 mM is after 6 and 8 hours of growth.
The Effect of Sperm Preparation Medium on Malondialdehyde Concentration in the Seminal Plasma of Normozoospermic and Oligoastheno- teratozoospermic patient
Authors: Abd-Al Kareem Maha Khalid
Published: November 2021

Intra uterine insemination (IUI) has been widely used to treat infertility. Infertility may be due to increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the seminal plasma. The goal of our study was to confirm that using sperm preparation medium to activate the spermatozoa in IUI might be helpful to decrease the levels of ROS in the seminal plasma, lowering the oxidative stress and the damage effects of the sperm and enhance a good quality sperm capable of capacitation, acrosomal reaction and fertilization. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in the seminal plasma in 40 infertile men of normozoospermia and oligoastheno-teratozoospermia before and after adding medium to the samples. Results showed that there was a significant (P<0.05) decrease in all parameters of semen samples in oligoastheno-teratozoosperia as compared with the other group, there was no significant increase in the level of MDA before adding the medium to the samples and a significant (P<0.05) increase after adding the medium to the same samples in the second group as compared with normozoospermic patients. Results reported in this study, clearly indicated that adding sperm preparation medium to the semen samples would improve the fertilization rates by decreasing the oxidative damages to the spermatozoa. Our results might be need a further studies to find a clue for the treatment of infertility in man.
Extraction and purification of bovine pancreatic Deoxyribonuclease I
Authors: Hermiz Baidaa S. , Aziz Ghazi M. , A. Alkazaz Abdel kareem
Published: November 2021

Samples of bovine pancreatic and calf thymus glands were collected from local slaughterers to extract deoxyribonuclease I enzyme (DNase I) and DNA respectively. Crude extract was prepared by using cooled distilled water and 0.25 N sulfuric acid .This study show that the best condition for the crude extract activity was 17 U/ml and 1 hr. Incubated period reaction with its substrate.The bovine pancreatic DNase I was purified by several steps of precipitation using ammonium sulphate to 529.4 times, with an enzymes yield 6.35%. Enzyme characterization studies indicate that: it is active at 2.7 U/ml, and 50 µg /ml DNA after 30 min of reaction time, the enzyme activity was higher at pH 6.5 and it showed stability at pH 9. The maximum enzyme activity was reported at 50 °C The results obtained from the role of metal ions (Mg+2, Mn+2) on enzyme activity indicate that these ions stimulated the enzyme activity while the Ca+2 and Cu+2 had lower stimulating activity on the enzyme but Ag+1 and Hg+2 showed inhibitory effect on enzyme activity. In addition the enzyme activity was inhibited by using denaturing Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), chelating agents Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA), and reducing agents (2-Merceptoethanol and Urea) , and maintained it's activity when incubated with Phenyl Methyl Sulphonyl Floride (PMSF) .
Evaluation of allelopathic effect of fifty Sorghum bicolor L. Genotypes on Germination and Growth of some weed in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Aljibouri A. A. , Mahmoud S. N. , Alsawani A. W. , Alsaadawi I. S. , Majeed Duha Mysire
Published: November 2021

The effect of root exudates of fifty Sorghum genotypes on seed germination and seedling growth of millet were studied in vitro. The fifty genotypes were divided into four groups according to their effect on percentage reduction in root and shoot and whole plant average lengths of millet seedling growth. The first group caused slight stimulation, the second slight inhibition, the third gave limited inhibition and the fourth caused high inhibition. In seedling growth. Five genotypes of sorghum were selected, one from group two and four from group four. These five genotypes were cultured in the field in Autumn 2007 and at the end of the season plants were removed, dried and grind. Three concentrations of each of these genotypes powder were prepared, in addition to the control treatment, (0.0, 3.0, 6.0 and 9.0) g/kg soil to study their effects on the growth of Amaranthus retroflexus which cultured in pots and kept in experimental field. Data on number of leaves, lengths of shoot and root and whole plant were taken as well as wet and dry weight were measured. Percentage of Amaranthus retroflexus seeds germination were evaluated in an experiment cultured in Petri dishes containing concentrations (0.0, 5.0 and 10.0%) of aqueous extracts of each of the five genotypes powder. Results showed high significant inhibition for the four genotypes from group four in comparison with the one genotype from group two. Significant differences among these genotypes in their inhibition on such parameters as shoot, root, whole plant growth, number of leaves, and wet and dry weight. The genotype 2005-K-Type 1050 gave the highest reduction in plant length 53.2% incomparing with the genotype 2005-K-Type 1033 which gave 0.7%. The percentage of seed germination of Amaranthus retroflexus was significantly reduced as the concentration of the aqueous extract increased and there were significant differences among genotypes on this parameter. The concentration of the powder of each genotype added to the soil produced significant reduction in all parameters studied and the effect increased as the concentration increased in soil. This research discusses the potential of the allelopathic effect of some Sorghum genotypes on weed germination and growth reduction and the possibility of employing them in weed control program with the intention to use less herbicide.
Short-term culture for acute myeloid leukemia blast cells
Authors: Sabbah Majeed A. , Al-Samarraea AssKhulood , Rafeeq Muhammad , Muslim Ali
Published: November 2021

This study was carried out to separate acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blast cells and studies their proliferation in short-term culture. The separation procedure include three steps; Ficoll gradient separation, depletion of macrophages and depletion of (lymphocytes and of monocytes) for preparation of highly pure native AML blast cells from blood samples collected from patients with moderate blast percentage. Results showed that this procedure is an inefficient due to a decrease in total cell number and contamination with other cells after each separation step. Proliferation of native AML blast cells in short term-culture by cultivating isolated AML blast cells in RPMI medium supplemented with 20% human plasma at a concentration 1×106/ml in the presence and absence of colony -stimulating factor which was provided by conditioned media (PHA-leucocytes-, plasmacytoma cell line- and Hep-2 conditioned medium. The effect of each conditioned medium on proliferation of AML blast cells was studied separately. Results showed that plasmacytoma cell line conditioned medium didnot stimulate the proliferation of native AML blast cells, while cells seeded on media containing 10%PHA-LCM showed an increase in cell number and growth of the cells was observed for approximately 3 days and then decreased.
Cytogenetic studies of methotrexate drug on the peripheral blood samples from patients suffered of ulcerative colitis & ulcerative colitis developed to pseudopolyps &colon cancer
Authors: T. Jafer Zainab M. , Shubber Esmail K.
Published: November 2021

The investigation was done on 43 samples of peripheral blood which drawn from patients suffered of chronic ulcerative colitis, 20 samples from patients of colon cancer, 10 samples from ulcerative colitis developed to pseudopolyps & 20 samples of healthy individuals. The samples were taken from female and male of different ages. The cytogenetic studies was done in order to define the damaging effects of the disease and the drug on the peripheral blood lymphocytes, these damages were manifested through the significant reduction in the blastogenic index, mitotic index, replication index, sister chromatid exchange, and mutation fraction after cells were grown in RPMI media supplemented with 10% of bovine serum, 10 microgram/ml of Budr, 0.3ml of PHA & different concentrations of drug (0.2,0.5,1,2,4,8) microgram/ml. The results indicated reduction in the blastomeric, mitotic, replication indices & mutation fraction to zero with high concentrations of the drug (1, 2, 4, 8) microgram / ml. Furthermore, the results showed presence of resistant cells with low concentration of drug (0.2, 0.5 microgram /ml) through measuring mutation fraction. Moreover, means of SCEs were increased in treated groups (patients & normal individuals) in comparison with untreated groups. Finally presence of mutated cells within low conc. of drug showed resistant to the drug in comparison with high conc. of drug which showed cytotoxic effect on the cells of the patients under investigations.
Detection of Urovirulence Genes (eae,E-hly,α-hly) of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli by Specific PCR
Authors: Al-Chalabi Rawa’a , Al –Ubaidy Ayad , Al- Ibadi Muneera
Published: November 2021

Urinary tracts infection remains a common troublesome health problem in the world. Although E.coli is normal intestinal flora but considered as the main important opportunistic active uropathogene because of it’s pathogenesity which referred to it’s different virulence factors like hemolysin, biofilm, enterotoxins, shiga like toxins, cytotoxic necrotizing factor and others. Seventy seven E.coli isolates which isolated from 125 midstream urine samples of patients suffering from different types of UTIs. The results showed that 44 isolates 57% were produced hemolysin. These isolates were differed in the efficiency of erythrocyte lysis because which depend on type of hemolysin and source of blood. Seventy two isolates 90.9% were formed biofilm with variety in thickness of biofilm layer. Each isolate produce hemolysin also formed biofilm. Presence of genes encoded for virulence traits of UPEC (hemolysin, biofilm) were examined by PCR with specific primers. The results showed that the percentage of α-hly gene encoded for α-hemolysin 50% while percentage of eae gene encoded for intimin and E-hly gene encoded for enterohemolysin were 40% and 20% respectively.
Identifcation of some local wheat varieties by high performance liquid chromatography technique
Authors: Mousa Makarim Ali , Al- nouri Farook Fathel. , Abood Sabri Ch.
Published: November 2021

Gliadin protein of three soft wheat cultivars namely Abu-Ghraib, IPA 99 and AL-Littefia was extracted and separation by high performance liquid chromatography HPLC. Result showed that there were significant differences between the gliadin percentage ratio with the order of AL-Littefia 34.02% , IPA99 30.20% and Abu-Ghraib 31.00% . Also the result of HPLC analysis revealed that the gliadin of the test cultivars has 3 distinguish patterns of separation. Thus it appears that HPLC provides efficient tool for identification of wheat cultivars. Abu-Ghraib gliadin showed 6 peaks while IPA99 and AL-Littefia showed 15 and10 peaks respectively.
Effect of Colocynthis (Citrillus colocynthis) plant extract on leukemic cells
Authors: ALSamarrae Khulood W. , Jawad BasharA. , Abdullah Farah T. , Hussen Wessam A.
Published: November 2021

The present research concentrated on evaluating the biological activity of Colocynthis (Citrillus colocynthis) plant oil extract on peripheral blood cells from leukemic patients using some cytogenetic parameters. when it is added to this cell in culture media in different concentration and incubated for 72 hours at 37C, the results pointed out that cell exposed to the Citrillus extract in culture media have mitotic index near to normal ranges, and number of chromosomal aberrations in cells exposed to the Citrillus extract is less than in the leukemic cells. This study considered as an attempt in survey for anti-tumor agents in medicinal plants.
Immunomodulation of mice blood cells following treatment with free extract of Lactobacillus acidophilus cell
Authors: Al-Naimy Ebtehal H. , Al-Ezy Ruqaya M. , Al-Yas Maysaa C. , Al- Mahdawii Muthanna A. S.
Published: November 2021

A study aimed to examine immunomodulatory effect of concentrated cell free filtrate (CCF) of Lactobacillus acidophilus on immune system of mice by detecting the total and absolute counts of leucocytes. It was shown that CCF of Lactobacillus acidophilus caused a significant increase in total leucocyte count for all concentrations used in comparison with negative control. However, in absolute leucocyte counts the, CCF of L.acidophilus at doses (500 , 750) mg/kg caused a significant increased in lymphocyte, neutrophil and monocyte counts, while there was no significant differences in eosinophils and basophil cells number of mice treated with bacterial filtrate. The interaction study showed that the post-treatment with CCF of L. acidophilus caused a significant increase in total leucocytes count and absolute counts of all types of leucocyte cells except basophils and esinophils which showed no significant differences in comparison with pre-treatment
Characterization of purified Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) from (Lactuca serriola L.) Prickly lettuce
Authors: Al-Soufi Mohammed. A.
Published: November 2021

In this study, purified PPO from Prickly lettuce were obratind from a previous characterization study. The results showed that the optimum pH were 6.5 and the pH stability profile showed that the enzyme were more stable at pH values 5.5-8, the optimum temperature for enzyme activity were 35ºC and the enzyme were stable at 35ºC for 10 min. the activation energy for conversion of substrate to product was 39.7194 Kj/mol, the purified enzyme lost its activity after 5 days of storage at 25ºC, while it lost (73 , 16)% of primary activity after 21 days of storage at 4 and -18ºC respectively, the purified enzyme contains 7.2% carbohydrates. It was noticed that all treated of enzyme with L-Cystein, Sodium metabisulphate and Dithiothretol at 1 and 10 mM revealed high inhibition for the enzyme activity, followed by citric acid, L-Ascorbic acid, EDTA and Potassium cyanide, while both Thiourea and Sodium benzoate showed less inhibitory effect. The Km and Vmax were (4.762 , 0.0588) mM/min respectively, while the coefficient Vmax/Km were 0.01235 min-1 for the purified enzyme when used Catechol as a substrate.
The side effects (cytogenetics ) of Methotrexate drug on male germ cells of Mus musculus
Authors: Mohammed Abbas A. , Al-Temimi Ali A. , Al-Amiery Ahmed Abdul Amier Hussain
Published: November 2021

In this study three doses (0.01, 0.02, 0.04) mgkg B.W of methotrexate drug which used, in the treatment of bladder cancer, were investigate in male germ cells of Mus musculus. Five tests were considered (mitotic index, chromosomal central associated, micronuclei, chromosomal aberration and sperm–head abnormalities). The results showed that,s these doses were presentel with high inhibitory effect of cell division, as well as, they induced significantly higher number of chromosomal central associated, micronuclei, chromosomal aberration and sperm head abnormalities especially after (21, 35) days after treatment at equal rate in control. We study the relationship between the structures of drug with it medical effect by study the atomic charge of each atom of drug and adenine, guanine, cytosine and uracil.
The Nutritional and chemical content of basil leaves Ocimum basilicum L.
Authors: Al-aubadi Inas M. Khaleel
Published: November 2021

the nutritional value, mineral elements and phytochemicals of Basil were investigated using standard analytical methods in order to assess the nurmerous potential of the plant leaves. The proximate analysis showed the percentage of moisture content, ash content, crude protein, lipids, crude fibers and carbohydrate of the leaves on dry weight basis as (10.58, 14.12, 17.66, 2.53, 18.09, 55.11)% respectively while its caloric value is 313Kcal/100g. The percentages of major mineral elements were Calcium 2.41%, Phosphorus 1.41%, Magnesium 0.32% and Nitrogen 2.82% the minor mineral elements content were Iron 281.29ppm, Zinc 47.27ppm, and Cupper 6.62ppm. The aqueous extract of the plant was acidic its pH 6.3. Water extract and alcoholic extract were achieved from Basil leaves and chemical qualitative detection was done for some active ingredients in the extracts included reducing sugars, glycosides, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoides, phenols and terpenoids. The quantitative determination of leaves showed the presence of phytochemicals Flavonoides 13.49%, Alkaloids 14.52%, Saponins 4.82% and mucilages 3.71%. The results of the analysis of basic components and a high proportion of protein, carbohydrates, fibers and mineral elements gave the basil importance of food and the presence of phytochemicals indicates its potential as a source of drugs. The significance of the basil leaves in traditional medicine and the importance of the chemical constituents in the pharmaceutical industries were discussed.
Transmission Electron – Microscopic Study of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from raw milk and soft cheese in Baghdad Province
Authors: AL-Shamary Ali Hassan Ahmed
Published: November 2021

The study was designed to confirm and understand the internal and external features of Listeria monocytogenes by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A study was conducted at the College of Veterinary Medicine/ University of Baghdad and College of Medicine/AL-Nahrain University during April-May 2008. Standard listerial broth was prepared in food Lab. at Baghdad Vet. Coll. from locally isolated strains of Listeria monocytogenes (from raw milk and soft cheese in Baghdad province) according to standard protocols of food microbiology, transmitted in refrigerated containers to TEM-section at AL-Nahrain Coll. of Med. for processing and photographing the different forms and components of isolates. The results revealed polyforms and components of Listeria monocytogenes that important for diagnosis and therapy such as V-shape phenomenon in listerial cells, periplasmic space, DNA, plasmids, pathogenicity islands, type 3 secretion systems, and sausage chain in listerial cells (Incomplete-dissociation). In conclusion TEM technology is an important tool for diagnosing of zoonotic food borne diseases between animals and man.
Inhibitory activity of Rhamnolipid produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa NH22 against Rhizoctonia solani
Authors: Hayder Gumaa Nadhem H.
Published: November 2021

In the present study, isolation and identification of microorganisms from rhizospher of garden soil with biosurfactant producing ability and characterization of biosurfactants were studied. The results exhibited capability of four isolates for biosurfactant production among six isolates. The isolate Pseudomonas aeruginosa NH22 showed a better emulsifier producer, therefore it selected for biosurfactant production and antifungal activity in the present study. Biochemical analysis of partially purified bioemulsifier demonstrated that the biosurfactant contains mono, and di- rhamnolipid with Rf values of 0.82 and 0.32 respectively. Rhamnolipid efficiency tested for antifungal activity by determination percentage reduction of radial growth, fresh and dry weight and laccase activity of fungus. Maximum reduction in radial growth 76%, and reduction of biomass obtained at rhamnolipid concentration of 1000 µg/ ml. Maximum laccase activity obtained 0.921 U/ml also at rhamnolipid concentration of 1000 µg/ ml, while reduction about 21% of the enzyme activity recorded at higher rhamnolipih concentration of 1500 µg/ ml. The critical micelle concentration estimated to be 200 mg/l, which led to reduce surface tension value of the culture to34 mN/m.
Biodegradation and Biosurfactant Production by Agrobacterium tumefaciens Utilizing Weathered Mineral base Oil
Authors: Yonis Reem Waleed
Published: November 2021

ptimum condition of biodegradation and biosurfactant production from spilled weathered base oil by Agrobacterium tumefaciens was studied in batch culture. Results showed that the optimum conditions for biosurfactant production was at pH7, temperature 30°C, incubation period 72h, and addition of weathered oil in a concentration of 3%, which yielded high biosurfactant production reached 6.6 g/l. The results also showed capability of isolate to degrade 70% of initial concentration of weathered oil 3%. Some characteristics and nature of produced biosurfactant was studied, the results showed that the biosurfactant is white to yellow in color, and viscous at room temperature, and needs little heating to be prepared in aqueous solution, insoluble in water and some organic solvents. The results also indicated higher stability of produced biosurfactant at neutral pH, and the stability decreased at pH less than 5 and up to 9, while the best stability of produced biosurfactant was at 30 and 40˚C. The addition of crude biosurfactant in concentration 20mg/l to the production medium lead to stimulate the isolate for uptake of weathered oil and increase biosurfactant production, while the biomass production did not affected significantly.
Correlation of positive Bcl-2 expression with some clincopathological parameters in Iraqi colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Al-Dargazali Ahmed Rushdi
Published: November 2021

Colorectal cancer is an important public health problem in Iraq. It’s considered as the 7th among the commonest 10 cancers by site according to the Iraqi cancer registry. Studying the Bcl-2 expression in colorectal cancer patients is one of the important issue for the prognosis of this tumor. In this study 50 colorectal cancer samples (paraffin embedded sections) were used to detect Bcl-2 expression using Immunohistochemical analysis. The correlation between Bcl-2 expression and site, type and grading was also studied. The results showed that there was a significant difference (P<0.05) in the Bcl-2 expression between cancerous tissue and resection margin while the site, type and grading of the tumor showed generally the opposite data. We concluded that the positive Bcl-2 expression occurred at early stages of carcinogenesis and it’s a voluble prognostic factor and target for therapy.
Effect of growth regulators on rooting of Three Citrus rootstock propagated in vitro
Authors: Hussain Z.A. , Abd-Alazez W. , Rdha A. , Hassan F. N.
Published: November 2021

oft cuttings 15cm of three citrus rootstocks (Carrizo citrange, Troyer citrange, Swingle citrumello) which propagated in vitro and transplanting in Green house, and rooted in diluted solution at (0.0, 10NAA,10 IBA, 10 NOA, 10NAA+2IBA, 10 IBA+2NAA, 10NOA+2IBA) mg/L and Concentrated solution at (0.0, 1000 IAA,1000 IBA,1000 NAA,1000 NOA mg/L and Serdix, Serdix with sol.). Data of Rooting percentage, number of roots per plant after (40,50) days and their root lengths were investigated. Results showed that diluted solution significant effect on all character after (40,50) days, Based on diluted solution (10NAA+2 1BA) mg/L showed the highest rooting percentage, root per shoot, length of shoot reached (60%, 1.47 root/culting, 3.69cm ), respectively after 50 day While, there was no significant effected of concentrated solution in Rooting percentage after 40 days, 1000mg/L IAA gave highest rooting percentage reached 66.67% and highest mean in roots per shoot and length (1.53 root/culting , 2.77cm) respectively , after 50 days. There was no significant effect of stocks on Rooting percentage by using diluted and concentrated solution While, Troyer citrange showed highest mean in number of root reached 1.2 root/ culting, Carrizo citrange gave highest mean in length of roots reached 2.33 cm by using concentrated solution.
Detecting some factors affecting Salmonella typhimurium adhesion and inhibition by Saccharomyces boulardii
Authors: Abbood Wasan
Published: November 2021

ntibiotic sensitivity of Salmonella isolates was investigated, the isolates were sensitive to some antibiotics such as chloramphenicol, imipenem and most of them showed resistance to amoxicillin and naldixic acid. The hydrophobicity of Salmonella was investigated by applying BATH test (Bacterial Adherence To Hydrocarbons) using xylene. The range was between (21-90) %, the results showed that five isolates were hydrophobic including sal10 isolate. The surface layer proteins (SLP)of sal10 showed the ability to act as agglutinins by applying haemagglutination test with and without 0.5% mannose, also the bacteria seemed to possess pili -type1 because of its’ ability to agglutinate with human blood cells and yeast cells. The agglutination of the bacteria was inhibited in the presence of mannose.The isolate sal10 was adhesive to buccal epithelial cells in an average 52 cell/epithelial cell, while this average decreased to reach 24 cell/ epithelial cell in the presence of Saccharomyces boulardii which was able to inhibit 54% of the bacterial adherance.