bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of pH and coexisting chemicals on photolysis of perfluorooctane sulfonate using an excited xenon dimer lamp
Authors: Kishimoto Naoyuki , Doda Koji
Published: October 2017

Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photolysis at the wavelength of 172 nm in a sulfate solution was introduced as a more efficient process for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) degradation than ultraviolet (UV) photolysis at 254 nm. The effects of pH and coexisting chemicals on VUV photolysis under the coexistence of 100 mM sulfate were investigated. VUV irradiation successfully degraded PFOS, and the degradation rate was 5.5 times higher than by UV photolysis. Direct VUV photolysis was inferred to mainly contribute to PFOS degradation. PFOS degradation by VUV irradiation was enhanced at pH less than 2 due to sulfate radicals generated via VUV photolysis of sulfate ions. Consequently, VUV photolysis was superior to UV photolysis for PFOS removal on both the removal rate and energy efficiency. However, the inorganic chemicals phosphoric acid and nitric acid strongly inhibited PFOS degradation, probably by masking PFOS from VUV rays by their VUV absorption. Accordingly, PFOS separation from inorganic materials such as phosphate and nitrate will be recommended for the application of VUV techniques for PFOS removal. In this research, organic solvent abstraction was inferred to be one of candidates for PFOS separation.
Forecasting the West Nile Virus in the United States: An Extensive Novel Data Streams–Based Time Series Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling of Related Digital Searching Behavior (Preprint)
Authors: Watad Abdulla , Watad Samaa , Mahroum Naim , Sharif Kassem , Amital Howard , Bragazzi Nicola Luigi , Adawi Mohammad
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND

West Nile virus is an arbovirus responsible for an infection that tends to peak during the late summer and early fall. Tools monitoring Web searches are emerging as powerful sources of data, especially concerning infectious diseases such as West Nile virus.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed at exploring the potential predictive power of West Nile virus–related Web searches.

METHODS

Different novel data streams, including Google Trends, WikiTrends, YouTube, and Google News, were used to extract search trends. Data regarding West Nile virus cases were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Data were analyzed using regression, times series analysis, structural equation modeling, and clustering analysis.

RESULTS

In the regression analysis, an association between Web searches and “real-world” epidemiological figures was found. The best seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average model with explicative variable (SARIMAX) was found to be (0,1,1)x(0,1,1)4. Using data from 2004 to 2015, we were able to predict data for 2016. From the structural equation modeling, the consumption of West Nile virus–related news fully mediated the relation between Google Trends and the consumption of YouTube videos, as well as the relation between the latter variable and the number of West Nile virus cases. Web searches fully mediated the relation between epidemiological figures and the consumption of YouTube videos, as well as the relation between epidemiological data and the number of accesses to the West Nile virus–related Wikipedia page. In the clustering analysis, the consumption of news was most similar to the Web searches pattern, which was less close to the consumption of YouTube videos and least similar to the behavior of accessing West Nile virus–related Wikipedia pages.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study demonstrated an association between epidemiological data and search patterns related to the West Nile virus. Based on this correlation, further studies are needed to examine the practicality of these findings.
FGF23 and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Children with CKD
Authors: Mitsnefes Mark M. , Betoko Aisha , Schneider Michael F. , Salusky Isidro B. , Wolf Myles Selig , Jüppner Harald , Warady Bradley A. , Furth Susan L. , Portale Anthony A.
Published: October 2017

Background and Objectives

High plasma concentration of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a risk factor for left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in adults with CKD, and induces myocardial hypertrophy in experimental CKD. We hypothesized that high FGF23 levels associate with a higher prevalence of LVH in children with CKD.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We performed echocardiograms and measured plasma C-terminal FGF23 concentrations in 587 children with mild-to-moderate CKD enrolled in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) study. We used linear and logistic regression to analyze the association of plasma FGF23 with left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and LVH (LVMI ≥95th percentile), adjusted for demographics, body mass index, eGFR, and CKD-specific factors. We also examined the relationship between FGF23 and LVH by eGFR level.

Results

Median age was 12 years (interquartile range, 8–15) and eGFR was 50 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (interquartile range, 38–64). Overall prevalence of LVH was 11%. After adjustment for demographics and body mass index, the odds of having LVH was higher by 2.53 (95% confidence interval, 1.28 to 4.97; P<0.01) in participants with FGF23 concentrations ≥170 RU/ml compared with those with FGF23<100 RU/ml, but this association was attenuated after full adjustment. Among participants with eGFR≥45 ml/min per 1.73 m2, the prevalence of LVH was 5.4%, 11.2%, and 15.3% for those with FGF23 <100 RU/ml, 100–169 RU/ml, and ≥170 RU/ml, respectively (P
trend=0.01). When eGFR was ≥45 ml/min per 1.73 m2, higher FGF23 concentrations were independently associated with LVH (fully adjusted odds ratio, 3.08 in the highest versus lowest FGF23 category; 95% confidence interval, 1.02 to 9.24; P<0.05; fully adjusted odds ratio, 2.02 per doubling of FGF23; 95% confidence interval, 1.29 to 3.17; P<0.01). By contrast, in participants with eGFR<45 ml/min per 1.73 m2, FGF23 did not associate with LVH.

Conclusions

Plasma FGF23 concentration ≥170 RU/ml is an independent predictor of LVH in children with eGFR≥45 ml/min per 1.73 m2.
A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY ON PRESCRIBING TRENDS AND ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS IN STROKE PATIENTS
Authors: Mathew Eby , C. Chandrika , Karanath Preethy Mathew , R. Srinivasa
Published: October 2017

Objective: To evaluate medication use pattern and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) among stroke patients admitted in Neurology department of a multi-speciality hospital.Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out for a period of 6 mo, in a 750 bedded multi-speciality hospital in Bangalore. The clinical pharmacist analysed the medication use pattern and occurrence of ADRs in stroke patients.Results: Out of 100 patients, 75% had an ischemic stroke and 25% had a hemorrhagic stroke. The incidence of stroke was found to be higher in males (66%) compared to females (34%). Most of the patients were of the age group>60 y (52%). The common risk factors for stroke were hypertension (31%), diabetes (24%), and dyslipidemia (21%). The average number of drugs prescribed per patient was 7.67±3.1. The most common class of drugs prescribed were antihypertensives (14.3%), neuroprotectors (14.1%), antiplatelets (11.5%) and antihyperlipidemic (10.4%). Aspirin monotherapy was more prevalent in this study. Only 4 patients received thrombolytics. During the study, a total of 18 ADRs were reported from 14 patients (18%). Amlodipine (16.6%) and fondaparinux (11%) were the more frequent to cause ADRs. The most common reactions were bleeding (33.3%), pedal edema (16.6%) and headache (11.1%).Conclusion: The study helps to identify drug utilization pattern and in addition to monitor adverse drug reactions among stroke patients. The study also emphasises the need for creating awareness regarding early recognition of stroke symptoms, which helps to prevent the occurrence of stroke.
POTENTIAL ROLE OF MILK THISTLE SEED AND ITS OIL EXTRACTS AGAINST HEART AND BRAIN INJURIES INDUCED BY γ-RADIATION EXPOSURE
Authors: Sherif Nohair H. , Hawas Asrar M. , Abdallah Walid E. , Saleh Ibrahim A. , Shams Khaled A. , Hammouda Faiza M.
Published: October 2017

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of Silybum marianum (S. marianum) seeds extract its oil fraction against damage effect of γ-radiation in female albino rats.Methods: Ultrasonic-assisted extraction was used for the extraction of S. marianum seeds. Lipid patterns of S. marianum seeds oil were elucidated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). S. marianum seeds extract was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and metallothionein (MT) were estimated in heart and brain tissues of the examined rats. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase-MB (CKMB) were measured in the serum of the examined rats, and the brain biomarkers; dopamine and serotonin were also measured.Results: The oil was found to be rich in linoleic acid (58.20%) and arachidic acid (23.38%). S. marianum seeds extract revealed the presence of taxifolin and six main active constituents of silymarin, including silydianin, silychristin, silybin A, silybin B, isosilybin A and isosilybin B. Treatment of γ-radiation damage effect using S. marianum seeds extract and its oil fraction led to a significant reduction of MDA levels in heart (139.6 and 165.5 nmol/g, respectively) and brain (158.5 and 135.2 nmol/g, respectively) tissues, however, significant increase of GSH levels in heart (316.4 and 293 mg/g, respectively) and brain (210.4 and 227 mg/g, respectively) tissues was observed, also a significant increase of dopamine levels (85.27 and 65.74 ng/g, respectively) and MT levels of heart tissues (108.5 and 70.52 mg/g, respectively) was observed.Conclusion: S. marianum seeds extract and its oil fraction showed a protective effect against γ-radiation-induced damage in heart and brain.
A SIMPLE (HPLC–UV) METHOD FOR THE QUANTIFICATION OF COLCHICINE IN BULK AND ETHOSOMAL GEL NANO-FORMULATION AND ITS VALIDATION
Authors: Abdulbaqi Ibrahim M. , Darwis Yusrida , Khan Nurzalina Abdul Karim , Assi Reem Abou , Loh Gabriel Onn Kit
Published: October 2017

Objective: To develop and validate a stability-indicating reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the determination of colchicine in bulk and ethosomal gel nano-formulation.Methods: The chromatographic conditions were optimized using stainless steel Hypersil Gold C-18 analytical column with the dimensions of 250 mm x 4.6 mm ID x 5 µm. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and ammonium acetate buffer (20 mmol/l, pH=4.85) in the ratio of 32:68 v/v. The ﬂow rate was set at 1 ml/min and the detection wavelength was 353 nm. The column was maintained at 30 °C and the injection volume was 10 µl. The stability of colchicine in different conditions was investigated by exposing the drug to stress degradation using acid, base, oxidation, heat and light.Results: There was no interference from excipients, impurities, dissolution media or degradation products at the retention time of colchicine 5.9 min indicating the specificity of the method. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were 8.64 ng/ml and 26.17 ng/ml respectively. The drug showed good stability under heat, acid, oxidation and light, but substantial degradation was observed under alkali condition. The procedure was validated for specificity, linearity, accuracy and precision.Conclusion: A simple, rapid, specific and stability-indicating HPLC–UV method for the determination of colchicine in the pure and ethosomal gel was successfully developed. The developed method was statistically confirmed to be accurate, precise, and reproducible.
OPINION AND EXPECTATION OF PHARMACISTS ON PROVIDING EXTEMPORANEOUS COMPOUNDING IN JOGJAKARTA AND CENTRAL JAVA PROVINCES, INDONESIA
Authors: Wiedyaningsih Chairun , Kristina Susi Ari , Widyakusuma Niken Nur , Aditama Hardika
Published: October 2017

Objective: This study was conducted to identify opinion and expectations of pharmacists on providing extemporaneous drug compounding to support pharmacy service. Methods: The study was conducted in Indonesia. Twenty pharmacists, age 40 and above, working in Yogyakarta and Central Java provinces, participated in two focus group discussions (fgd) on extemporaneous drug compounding. Data was collected in June 2016. The data obtained from these groups was subjected to a qualitative analysis to identify recurrent themes pertaining to provision and regulation aspects of compounding. Results: The findings indicated several characteristics of extemporaneous compounding opinion and expectation. These were broadly classified as 5 distinct themes. Evaluation of extemporaneous compounding products was the most prominent theme that was discussed in all of the focus groups. Other themes identified were the scope of compounding practice; materials, equipments and facilities; specialist compounding pharmacy; and prices. The results of this study may offer an excellent guided to designing effective interventions, which would provide regulatory recommendations for compounding pharmacy.Conclusion: This study provided insight into the way that the pharmacists look at the extemporaneous compounding. It is recommended that the issues raised in this study be considered in future regulation of compounding pharmacy in Indonesia.
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CALLYSPONGIA DIFFUSA (MARINE SPONGE) ASSOCIATED ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA L STRAINS
Authors: Warad Vijayanand B. , Habbu Prasanna , Shastri Rajesh
Published: October 2017

Objective: To screen the antimicrobial activity Of Callyspongia Diffusa (Marine Sponge) Associated Endophytic Bacterial Strains.Methods: We have isolated endophytic bacterias CDB-1 and CDB-2 from marine sponge Callyspongia diffusa and identified as Pseudomonas taiwanensis strain and Lysinibacillussphaericus strain respectively by the phylogenetic analysis. Fractions of CDB-1 and CDB-2 were screened for in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activities against pathogenic bacteria and mycobacterium tuberculosis H37 RV strain by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) method.Results: The lowest MIC against Kleibesella pnumoniae, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus feacalis was found to be 0.2 µg/ml and 0.4 µg/ml respectively for CDB-2. A significant antifungal activity was observed against Candida albicans (0.2-0.8 µg/ml) and Aspergillus niger (0.2-0.4 µg/ml). Further, Chloroform fraction of CDB-1 and ethyl acetate fraction of CDB-2 have shown significant anti-tubercular activity against the tested organism with MIC of 6.25µg/ml. This was supported by in vivo antimicrobial activity against K. Pneumonia infection in mice and least haemolytic activity against erythrocytes was observed. Compared to chloramphenicol.Conclusion: In this study, we have reported the marine natural species offer a rich source of bioactive metabolites that can exploit to develop novel, useful and potential therapeutic agents.
ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF CYANOTIS AXILLARIS (L.) D. DON EX SWEET AGAINST OPPORTUNISTIC FUNGAL STRAINS
Authors: Regis Anto Suganya , Gabriel Jeya Jothi
Published: October 2017

Objective: The main focus of the study was to compare and determine the antifungal activities of different solvent extracts of Cyanotis axillaris.Methods: The dried whole plant of C. axillaris was extracted by sequential extraction method using solvents hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol based on their polarity. The antifungal activity of the extracts was tested against 12 opportunistic fungal strains by disc diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using microtiter plate method.Results: The hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts showed significant antifungal activities. The highest antifungal activity was recorded for ethyl acetate extract of C. axillaris. In disc diffusion method at high concentration (5 mg/ml), the ethyl acetate extract exhibited the zone of inhibition>30 mm against C. krusei, mentagrophytes, Scopulariopsis sp. and B. cinerea. In MIC the ethyl acetate extract inhibited the growth of T. mentagrophytes, Scopulariopsis sp., B. cinerea in its low dose (0.031 mg/ml). The hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of C. axillaris did not show activity against M. gypseum, T. rubrum and E. floccosum.Conclusion: This is the first report for the antifungal efficacy of C. axillaris. The results proved that the extracts of C. axillaris have high potential antifungal principles which could fight against the opportunistic and multidrug resistant fungal strains.
WOUND HEALING EFFECT OF KING ALFERD’S MUSHROOM (DALDINIA CONCENTRICA) USED BY TRIBES OF SIRUMALAI HILLS, TAMILNADU, INDIA
Authors: Thangaraj Rajeshwaran , Raj Sumathy , Renganathan Kumuthakalavalli
Published: October 2017

Objective: The present investigation is an attempt to an ethnomycological mushroom survey carried out among the paliyar tribals of five settlements in Sirumalai hills. Daldinia concentrica, mushroom reported by the tribals for the wound healing activity was evaluated in vivo in rat model. Methods: The indigenous information of the tribal people was collected through personal interviews during field trips and also the ethno reported mushroom Daldinia concetrica was analysed for its phytochemical constituents by Harborne method and its potential wound healing activity in Albino Wistar rats by excision wound model.Results: The exploration revealed that 92% of the respondents consume mushroom as food and four mushrooms are used in ethnomedicine in the study area namely, Daldinia concentrica, Calvatia gigantean, Termitomyces microcarpus and Podaxis pistillaris. Daldinia concentrica for wound healing, is the first ethnomycological report, thus the further study on Daldinia revealed that the mushroom sample consists of alkaloid 0.97±0.07 mg/kg, flavanoid 2.97±0.12 mg/kg, phenol 0.32±0.01 mg/kg, tannin 0.17±0.02 mg/kg, terpenoid 0.07±0.01 mg/kg and saponin 0.09±0.02 mg/kg; and it’s in vivo wound healing activity was found to be outstanding around 75–87% compared to that of the commercial ointment neosporin.Conclusion: We believe that wound healing activity of Daldinia mushroom was due to the synergestic effect of phytochemicals present in them. Our results throw in the insight of the traditional use of mushrooms in various treatments.
Agama, Budaya dan Perubahan Sosial Perspektif Pendidikan Islam di Aceh
Authors: Astuti Sri
Published: October 2017

Religion and culture in Aceh are two entities that can not be interconnected with one another. Religion becomes a color for culture, on the contrary, cultural practices are equally strong. Once religion becomes a crystallized way of life in the systems, institutions and social structures that are built into a worldview. Similarly, in education that became the basis of dayah (pesantren) which serves as; transmission of Islamic sciences; Towards Islamic tradition; and ulama scholars. Then meunasah that serves other than as a place of religious education for religious education for children (Quran) as well as places of worship, meeting places and community gampong, religious studies for parents, centers of religious social activities, places of conflict resolution and dispute. The prolonged conflict between GAM and the Indonesian government and the tsunami has brought about a social change of Acehnese society, because of the strong foundation of Islamic education, the cohesion and social integration are well established.
“The Times They Are A-Changin’”
Authors: Ricco Jason , Danner Christine , Pereira Chrystian , Philbrick Ann M.
Published: October 2017

Background and Objectives: The United States has seen an evolving perspective on the medical use of cannabis in recent years. Although a majority of states have enacted medical cannabis programs, physicians practicing in these states report a lack of knowledge, lingering concerns, and a need for more training regarding medical cannabis. This study provides a current snapshot of medical cannabis education in an academic family medicine department in a state with a medical cannabis program.
Methods: An electronic survey was sent to all 134 faculty physicians and residents within a family medicine department to assess current knowledge and attitudes regarding medical cannabis. Study authors performed descriptive statistical analysis of the survey data.
Results: Of the 61 individuals to complete the survey, 34 were residents and 27 were faculty. Overall, respondents displayed poor understanding of the state’s medical cannabis program as well as cannabis regulations. A majority of both faculty and residents reported low self-rated competency levels for medical cannabis efficacy, adverse effects, and safety using Likert scales (1 to 5; 1=low competency, 5=high competency). A majority of faculty (56%) expressed that they did not intend to certify patients for medical cannabis compared to only 33% of residents. Residents were statistically more likely to think of a patient who might benefit from medical cannabis compared to faculty (39% vs 11%, P=.004, chi-square).
Conclusions: Increasingly, family physicians will be called on to provide informed patient counseling regarding medical cannabis. These results highlight a knowledge gap for family medicine learners in a changing practice landscape.
Sonic memory interventions against politics of urban silencing
Authors: Hofman Ana , Atanasovski Srdjan
Published: October 2017

We discuss the political implications of the noise/silence dialectic in order
to reflect on the urban and social materialities of sonic memory activism in
the post- Yugoslav space. We see the privatization of public space as one of
the defining issues of current socio-political tensions and we strive to
offer a more nuanced model for thinking about grassroots practices of
musicking and listening in the context of resistance and power and control
redistribution. Discussing sonic interventions in Ljubljana and Belgrade
enables us both to uncover how important global processes are reflected in
these local contexts and to locate diversity of present practices of
resistance.
The effect of routine lymphadenectomy of the hepatic basin on the duration of the liver resection due to colorectal carcinoma metastases
Authors: Basaric Dragan , Soldatovic Ivan , Lekic Nebojsa , Djordjevic Vladimir , Djurasic Ljubomir , Micev Marjan
Published: October 2017

Background/Aim. Today, lymphatic metastases are only a relative contraindication for the surgical treatment of colorectal carcinoma (CRC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of routine lymphadenectomy of the hepatic basin on the duration of the liver resection for CRC metachronous liver metastases. Methods. A total of 50 patients with CRC metachronous liver metastases underwent the liver resection with routine hepatic basin lymphadenectomy. Results. Larger volume of metastases (in mL), the number of affected segments, and the number of metastases as well the diameter of the largest lesion (in mm), determine the duration of the liver resection itself and the surgical procedure overall. The duration of lymphadenectomy was 25?55 min (32.2 min on average). Conclusion. Routine lymphadenectomy of the hepatic basin following the liver resection for CRC metachronous liver metastases, minimally prolongs the duration of the operation.
Negative Regulation of TRPA1 by AMPK in Primary Sensory Neurons as a Potential Mechanism of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: Wang Shenglan , Kobayashi Kimiko , Kogure Yoko , Yamanaka Hiroki , Yamamoto Satoshi , Yagi Hideshi , Noguchi Koichi , Dai Yi
Published: October 2017

AMPK is a widely expressed intracellular energy sensor that monitors and modulates energy expenditure. Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel is a widely recognized chemical and thermal sensor that plays vital roles in pain transduction. In this study, we discovered a functional link between AMPK and TRPA1 in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, in which AMPK activation rapidly resulted in downregulation of membrane-associated TRPA1 and its channel activity within minutes. Treatment with two AMPK activators, metformin or AICAR, inhibited TRPA1 activity in DRG neurons by decreasing the amount of membrane-associated TRPA1. Metformin induced a dose-dependent inhibition of TRPA1-mediated calcium influx. Conversely, in diabetic db/db mice, AMPK activity was impaired in DRG neurons, and this was associated with a concomitant increase in membrane-associated TRPA1 and mechanical allodynia. Notably, these molecular and behavioral changes were normalized following treatment with AMPK activators. Moreover, high-glucose exposure decreased activated AMPK levels and increased agonist-evoked TRPA1 currents in cultured DRG neurons, and these effects were prevented by treatment with AMPK activators. Our results identify AMPK as a previously unknown regulator of TRPA1 channels. AMPK modulation of TRPA1 could thus serve as an underlying mechanism and potential therapeutic molecular target in painful diabetic neuropathy.
Precipitação esperada, em diferentes níveis de probabilidade, na região de Juazeiro, BA
Authors: Pinto Santiago Edgo Jackson , Oliveira Gertrudes Macário de , Leitão Mário de Miranda Vilas Boas Ramos , Moura Magna Soelma Beserra de , Gonçalves Iris Santana
Published: October 2017

Os eventos de chuvas são preponderantes para o desenvolvimento dos cultivos agrícolas totalmente dependentes de sua ocorrência. Tendo em vista que previsões climáticas nem sempre são precisas, técnicas que possam auxiliar nas previsões, como estimativas de precipitações, com base em níveis de probabilidade de sua ocorrência, podem ser uma boa alternativa. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, determinar a precipitação pluviométrica esperada, em diferentes níveis de probabilidade, para a região de Juazeiro, BA bem como a época de menor risco de perdas na colheita de uvas finas por causa da ocorrência de chuvas. O estudo foi realizado com dados dos registros pluviométricos diários de uma série de 40 anos, obtidos junto à estação Agrometeorológica de Mandacaru no município de Juazeiro, BA. As estimativas mensais da precipitação pluviométrica provável para os níveis de 90; 80; 75; 60; 50; 45; 40; 35 e 30% de probabilidade foram obtidas pela função de distribuição gama. Aplicou-se o teste de aderência de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, ao nível de 5% de significância para verificar o ajuste dos dados. A distribuição gama apresentou bom ajuste para estimar a precipitação provável em diferentes níveis de probabilidade na região de Juazeiro, BA. Os valores médios de precipitação pluvial mensal ocorreram próximo ao nível de 40% de probabilidade. A época mais adequada para o cultivo de sequeiro na região foi o bimestre fevereiro e março. As menores probabilidades de ocorrência de chuva de maio a outubro proporciona menor risco de perdas na colheita de uvas finas em cultivo irrigado, na região de Juazeiro, BA.
PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN LAUT DALAM KASUS TUMPAHAN MINYAK MONTARA DI LAUT TIMOR
Authors: Meinarni Ni Putu Suci
Published: October 2017

Diplomacy as a means of communication made by various parties, including the negotiations between representations who have been recognized or defined as well as the negotiations when it was not possible to see a bright spot, the one party or two countries who consider necessary, can choose the path of another in the settlement of disputes. Regarding the case Montara, Indonesia can choose the legal path is through ITLOS. When all lanes closed negotiations and diplomacy, international legal channels under the umbrella of ITLOS is open for the settlement of cases of oil spills in the Montara platform. If ITLOS considered too early to have as a line dispute resolution, since the country rarely choose ITLOS as a settlement of the dispute, as evidenced since it entry into force (between 1994 to 2006), only 13 cases were handled by ITLOS, and in UNCLOS itself is possible for more flexible judicial selection and Arbitration still in the high demand.

Diplomasi sebagai suatu cara komunikasi yang dilakukan oleh berbagai pihak termasuk negosiasi antara wakil-wakil yang sudah diakui atau yang diartikan pula sebagai perundingan-perundingan ketika sudah tidak memungkinkan untuk menemui titik terang maka salah satu pihak maupun kedua negara yang mengganggap perlu, dapat memilih jalur lain dalam penyelesaian sengketa. Berkaitan dengan kasus Montara, Indonesia dapat memilih jalur hukum yaitu melalui ITLOS. Bila semua jalur negosiasi dan diplomasi tertutup, jalur hukum internasional dibawah payung ITLOS terbuka untuk penyelesaian kasus tumpahan minyak di sumur Montara. Apabila ITLOS dianggap terlalu dini untuk dipilih sebagai jalur penyelesaian sengketa, karena memang negara jarang sekali memilih ITLOS sebagai tempat penyelesaian sengketa, terbukti sejak entry into force  (diantara tahun 1994 sampai dengan tahun 2006), hanya 13 kasus yang di tangani ITLOS di dalam  UNCLOS masih memungkinkan adanya pilihan peradilan yang lebih fleksbel dan lebih diminati oleh negara-negara yaitu Arbitrase.
PEMANFAATAN BANGUNAN BERSEJARAH SEBAGAI WISATA WARISAN BUDAYA DI KOTA MAKASSAR
Authors: Hayati Rafika
Published: October 2017

Colonial period in Indonesia bequeathed a number of buildings such as schools, bank and offices. The buildings have nuance of Dutch architecture, therefore becoming cultural heritages and tourist attractions. The Aim of this research is to find out the historical buildings utilization in Makassar city, South Sulawesi Province, however in this research selected three bulidings which developed as heritage tourism, namely Fort Rotterdam, Museum Kota dan Gedung Kesenian Makassar. The three historical buildings selected as research location because of the physical potency is building architecture which completed with non physical potency is historical and cultural value. This research applied tourist attraction management, tourism area life cycle by Butler and tourism marketing theory to find out evolution life cycle of each buildings then arrange the effective strategy to develop Fort Rotterdam, Museum Kota and Gedung Kesenian as heritage tourism in Makassar city.The article argues that the utilization of Fort Rotterdam as a tourist attraction is classified into development phase. Fort Rotterdam has been renovated several times by developing La Galigo Museum inside to increase the attractiveness. Local government has also a lot of promotions. Museum Kota and Gedung Kesenian Makassar are classified into exploration phase since the two historical buildings need physical improvement, structuring showroom and facilities to handle collections of Museum Kota and the assurance of building management and maintenance of Gedung Kesenian. Based on the result of the research Fort Rotterdam, Museum Kota dan Gedung Kesenian Makassar do not only have physical potency of building and historical value but also to become interesting tourist attraction which need improvement by maintaining architecture identity as much as possible, providing supporting facilities needed by tourists and increasing promotion by local government.
BIOGRAFI PENGUSAHA HOTEL SEBAGAI SUMBER SEJARAH PARIWISATA BALI
Authors: Trisila Slamat
Published: October 2017

Dari dua buku ini, usaha Darma Putra menuliskan kisahbiografi tokoh pariwisata patut diapresiasi. Kahdiran buku initidak saja menjadi rekaman tersendiri kisah hidup tokoh yangdituturkan, tetapi juga banyak mengandung informasi tonggaktonggakpariwisata Bali. Untuk selanjutnya, langkah Darma Putramenulis biografi ini perlu dilanjutkan oleh sarjana dan penulis lainsehingga lebih banyak lagi buku biografi bisa kita simak. Apalagimemang fakta menunjukkan, Bali memiliki banyak tokoh yangmemiliki pengalaman hidup yang menarik dan berjasa dalamperkembangan pariwisata Bali.Terlepas dari isinya yang berkaitan dengan perjalananpariwisata Bali, biografi selalulah bisa memberikan inspirasitertentu pada pembacanya untuk belajar dari atau menirukesuksesan sang tokoh.
BRAND “BALI SHANTI” PADA MEDIA PROMOSI PARIWISATA PEMERINTAH INDONESIA DI PARIS
Authors: Erinda Putri Moniaga Natasha
Published: October 2017

This study examines promotional print media on Bali in form of pamphlet and folder made by the Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia to Paris and the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy of the Republic of Indonesia.The aims were to recognize the messages conveyed by both medias and whether the meaning of Bali’s branding, Bali Shanti (Bali Peace), could be delivered or not. The method used in this research were discourse analysis with semiotical approach, and Barthes’s semiotics theory was used as primary theory. The message of Bali Shanti brand is about peace and harmony, since this brand was created to restore the image of the island of Gods after the Bali Bombing in 2002 and 2005. After the analysis, it was found that the pamphlet conveyed to the readers that Bali is a peaceful island with unique culture based on Balinese Hindu religion, thus, this media could transmit the message of Bali Shanti.Meanwhile, the folder expressed Bali as an island with lots of beautiful nature destinations and has exceptional culture, but the message of Bali Shanti brand could not be delivered to the audience.
MEMBUKA PINTU PENGEMBANGAN MEDICAL TOURISM DI BALI
Authors: Devi Rosalina Putu , Suteja I Wayan , Bagus Brahma Putra Gde , Diah Sastri Pitanatri Putu
Published: October 2017

As tourism industry is always increasing, nowadays, it does not only touch the leisure sector, it expands into health industry. Medical tourism is a combination of both health care and leisure activity. It is projected to grow US$38 until US$55 billion per year. In Asia, it successfully attracts visitors which increase by 20% every year because affordable price, yet high quality. Malaysia, Thailand, India and Singapore take this opportunity. These countries take control at least 80% of Asia market share. Unfortunately, Indonesia plays only a small part. Moreover, the data reveals a surprising truth that 57% of Malaysian patients are Indonesian. This raises a paradox, whether it is an irony or opportunity. Thus, this comparative study is conducted based on literature review in qualitative and analyzed through SWOT.Bali is very potential. It already has three international hospitals, popular for its wellness tourism, rich for its unique culture, sophisticated medical equipments, professional medics and paramedics, and good image for the hospitality.The next important step is the synergy of every stakeholders which consists of government, academic, media, private sector and community. Those stakeholders have to be eager in seriously creating better regulation, offering an interesting medical tour package, and participating actively.
PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA BERKELANJUTAN BERBASIS SUBAK SEBAGAI BAGIAN WARISAN BUDAYA DUNIA UNESCO DI DESA MENGESTA KABUPATEN TABANAN
Authors: Herawati Niluh
Published: October 2017

As part of the cultural landscape of Bali, UNESCO World CulturalHeritage, Mengesta village in Tabanan district has a variety ofnatural and cultural potentials that can be developed as touristattractions, including agricultural and its irigation system(subak). These can be managed properly in order to get benefitsfrom tourism economy. This study analysis the development ofsustainable tourism based on subak in the Mengesta village. Theresearch applied qualitative and quantitative approaches. Thestudy shows that subak has important and strategic position soit should be preserved in line with the objective of its designationas Word Cultural Heritage. However, the benefits of subak as aWorld Cultural Heritage have not been optimally perceived by thecommunity in relation to the development of sustainable tourismin the village of Mengesta. Only a small proportion of people whoenjoy the benefits of the status of subak as World Cultural Heritagein the context of tourism development. It is hoped that both thedistrict and provincial governments help the community throughfunding and setting up regulations so that the development ofsubak as tourist attraction can be improved while keeping itssustainability.
STRATEGI BERSAING BIRO PERJALANAN WISATA ALINDO DEWATA TOURS BALI
Authors: Lintong Nelsye Natalina
Published: October 2017

Alindo Dewata Tours Bali as an inbound tours companydeals with the competitors by applying competitive strategy.Nevertheless the competitive strategy applied is not maximumyet. It is apparently seen at the average growth of touristsnumber handled since 2004-2013 by the company only 5,97 %.Therefore, this study has the objective to know what internalexternal factors that give influences and competitive strategy tobe applied in the company. This research using analysis toolsof Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) matrix, External FactorEvaluation (EFE) matrix for general strategy, Internal External(IE) matrix, Strength Weakness Opportunity Threat (SWOT)matrix for alternative strategy and Quantitative StrategicPlanning Matrix (QSPM) for priority strategy. The result of IFEmatrix indicates bundle pricing policy as the prime strengthand the application of the management information system notmaximum as the prime weakness. EFE matrix indicates qualitystrategy contributes the service as prime opportunity and thedependency on the foreign travel agencies as prime threat.Based on IE matrix, the company’s position is at five (V) levelfor resistance and endurance strategy. SWOT matrix indicateseight competitive strategic alternatives. Suggested first priorityby QSPM is to develop market segment, both overseas anddomestic market.
PENGELOLAAN DAYA TARIK WISATA BERBASIS MASYARAKAT DI DESA PECATU, KUTA SELATAN, KABUPATEN BADUNG
Authors: Yudasuara I Ketut
Published: October 2017

This study analyzes the tourist attraction management by PecatuVillage, South Kuta, Badung Regency. Through the regulation20/1994 concerning the Management and Retribution of TouristObject to manage the Uluwatu Temple outer area as a touristattraction, Badung Regency Goverment gave license to PecatuVillage to manage those attractions. The purpose of this researchis to find out the form, the obstructions and the efforts of DesaPakraman Pecatu in term of tourism attraction management.Theories utilized in this study included functionalism theory,structuration theory, and the theory of hegemony. The studyshows that tourist attraction outside area of Uluwatu Temple ismanaged directly by Desa Pakraman Pecatu, while other touristattractions managed by the community in the respected areaof the attractions. There are several obstructions that faced bymanagement of tourist attractions, such as limited of humanresources, limited of facilities, and limited of fund, lack ofmanagement regulation, inter-organizational coordination, andproperty ownership. The efforts which have been done to solvethe problem such as, the establishment of tourist attractionmanagement, the restructurization of tourist attraction, thepreparation of the management and retribution regulations, theempowerment of the society, and the improvement of interorganizationalcooperation.
KARAKTERISTIK WISATAWAN BACKPACKER DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP PARIWISATA KUTA, BALI
Authors: Menuh Ni Nyoman
Published: October 2017

The study investigates the characteristics of backpacker touristsin terms of socio demographic, socio-geographical, and sociopsychographicin Kuta, Bali. It also discusses the impacts of backpacker tourists to tourism development in terms of socioeconomic, socio-cultural and environmental aspects in the tourist destination of Kuta Bali. Combining the quantitative and qualitative approaches, this study used 272 respondents who represented the characteristics of foreign backpacker tourists, and respondents from the circle of businessmen, property  managers, local communities and community leaders to determine the impacts of the presence of backpacker tourists to tourism industry in Kuta. The research findings shows that the characteristics of backpacker tourists are mostly young Europeans with professional jobs and have a high  income. Backpacker tourists’ arrivals not only bring the positive social, economic and cultural impacts but also negative environmental impacts. Some local people felt annoyance of the presence of backpacker tourists.
PENGEMBANGAN KULINER LOKAL SEBAGAI DAYA TARIK WISATA DI DILI, TIMOR LESTE
Authors: Barreto Araujo Elizabeth
Published: October 2017

The development of tourism industry can provide opportunities for tourism products including culinary in Dili, Timor-Leste. This article aims to identify types of traditional foods, measure the perception of tourists on traditional food and formulate program to develop traditional food as culinary tourism. Data collection for this article used direct field observation, interviews and documentation study, while data analysis used SWOT matrix. The results of this article revealed that in Dili there were several types of traditional food such as Saboko, Tukir, Kulu tunu or Kulu Gisa could be developed as culinary tourism. In regard to tourist perception on traditional food processing while good on quality of traditional food, food cleanliness and quality of restaurant service. Several programs conducted by the government to develop traditional food are human resource quality improvement, creating market for traditional food, identification of potential local products in each district and assessment of traditional foods.The restaurant owners also develop several programs such as menu adjustment, creativity in traditional food processing, and promotion.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF HINDU PHILOSOPHY “TRI KAYA PARISUDHA” FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM IN MUNDUK VILLAGE, NORTH BALI
Authors: Rosalina Putu Devi
Published: October 2017

Pesatnya pertumbuhan pariwisata menimbulkan kecenderungan untuk menjaga kontak antara penduduk lokal dan wisatawan. Keharmonisan hubungan kedua pihak ini tentunya menjadi pilar utama dalam perkembangan pariwisata berkelanjutan. Oleh karena itu, membangun pemahaman dua-arah dapat dibina salah satunya melalui penerapan kearifan lokal. Maka, penelitian ini mendiskusikan tentang bagaimana revitalisasi Tri Kaya Parisudha dapat berujung kepada perkembangan pariwisata berkelanjutan di Munduk. Konsep Tri Kaya Parisudha yang meliputi ‘pikiran’ (Manacika), ‘perkataan’ (Wacika) dan ‘perbuatan’ (Kayika), dipercaya dapat menghasilkan energi intelektual, emosional, spiritual dan energi kreatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif-kualitatif secara deskriptif. Kuesioner disebarkan melalui accidental sampling dengan pendekatan 4 skala likert, yang kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif melalui wawancara mendalam dengan informan melalui purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Tri Kaya Parisudha sudah dipahami dan diimplementasikan oleh penduduk Munduk, seiring dengan keterbukaan mereka untuk menyambut turis karena dianggap memberikan dampak positif terhadap pendapatan. Sebagian besar turis, yakni 74% menyatakan sangat puas akan kunjungan mereka. Implementasi TKP kemudian harus lebih ditingkatkan lagi melalui pengetahuan, bahasa dan sikap, yang kemudian bermuara pada peningkatan loyalitas dan pembentukan citra baik bagi suatu destinasi, sehingga pada akhirnya Munduk dapat terus berpegangan pada pariwisata berkelanjutan.
PERAN PEMERINTAH DALAM PENGEMBANGAN POTENSI PARIWISATA DI AREA BRANCA METIAUT, DILI
Authors: Martins Zeferino , Paturusi Syamsul Alam , Surya Ida Bagus Ketut
Published: October 2017

Aera Branca Metiaut merupakan salah satu kawasan wisata potensial di Kabupaten Dili Ibukota Timor Timur yang kaya akan keindahan alam namun tidak berkembang dengan baik untuk daya tarik wisata. Dengan demikian peran pemerintah diperlukan untuk meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat untuk mengembangkan daerahnya sebagai daya tarik wisata. Penelitian ini mengkaji peran pemerintah dalam pengembangan Aera Branca menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif-deskriptif. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan teknik observasi dan wawancara mendalam. Analisis data teknis yang digunakan kualitatif-deskriptif dan analisis matriks SWOT. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa ada faktor-faktor yang mendukung dan menghalangi dalam upaya untuk mengembangkan Area Branca Metiaut sebagai tujuan wisata. Faktor pendukung meliputi keindahan alam dari daerah dengan pantai berpasir putih yang menakjubkan. Faktor-faktor kendala termasuk kurangnya infrastruktur, sumber daya manusia, dan fasilitas pariwisata. Melalui analisis SWOT itu dipilih strategi terutama pentingnya pemerintah untuk memainkan perannya terutama dalam regulasi dan kebijakan dalam penyediaan infrastruktur dan mendorong masyarakat untuk meningkatkan sadar wisata.
STRATEGI PEMASARAN PROGRAM STUDI DIPLOMA III USAHA PERJALANAN WISATA UNIVERSITAS JEMBER
Authors: Nugroho Margaretta Andini , Darma Putra I Nyoman
Published: October 2017

A marketing strategy is needed by Program Studi Diploma III Usaha Perjalanan Wisata (PS D-III UPW) of Jember University, in order to increase more students. Since the last few years, the students of PS D-III UPW has been decreased. This study has the objective to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of PS D-III UPW, and formulate the marketing strategy, by using analysis method of IFAS, EFAS, SWOT and QSPM. The result of IFAS and EFAS identify that PS D-III UPW has 16 factors of strength, 14 factors of weakness, 6 factors of opportunity and 3 factors of threat. The result of SWOT identifies some alternative strategies, which are technology information, student motivation, cooperation within tourism industry, promotion, facilities, competitive product, learning system, quality of human resource, and involvement of the students at Jember tourism events. The QSPM identifies that improvement of promotion as the first priority strategy.
DAMPAK PERKEMBANGAN PARIWISATA TERHADAP KEHIDUPAN MASYARAKAT PESISIR KELAPA LIMA, KUPANG
Authors: Tibuludji Utari Sterla , Mahendra Made Sudiana , Adhika I Made
Published: October 2017

The development of tourism sector in Kupang for the last 10 years is concentrated in coastal region of Kupang Bay. The life style of coastal communities in Kelapa Lima before tourism was traditional and rely on nature, is now begin to change as the impact of tourism development on their life environment. The aim of this article is to analyze the impact of tourism on the quality of life of coastal communities of Kelapa Lima. The method being used in this research was descriptive qualitative and quantitative method (mixed methods research). Theory being used was Tourist Area Life Cycle. Data analysis technique was using descriptive qualitative data analysis. Presentation of data analysis result was conducted formally and informally. The result of research outlined the quality of life of coastal communities at Kelapa Lima Kupang before and after tourism developed, corresponding to 7 indicators quality of life according to OECD namely income, residence, environment, social stability, health, education and job opportunity. The role of tourism related to improvement the quality of life of coastal communities by revamping and structuring coastal area, the opening of new job opportunities, and creativity development of industrial and household output.