bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The rise and fall of countries in the global value chains
Authors: Alves Luiz G. A. , Mangioni Giuseppe , Rodrigues Francisco A. , Panzarasa Pietro , Moreno Yamir
Published: May 2022

Countries become global leaders by controlling international and domestic transactions connecting geographically dispersed production stages. We model global trade as a multi-layer network and study its power structure by investigating the tendency of eigenvector centrality to concentrate on a small fraction of countries, a phenomenon called localization transition. We show that the market underwent a significant drop in power concentration precisely in 2007 just before the global financial crisis. That year marked an inflection point at which new winners and losers emerged and a remarkable reversal of leading role took place between the two major economies, the US and China. We uncover the hierarchical structure of global trade and the contribution of individual industries to variations in countries’ economic dominance. We also examine the crucial role that domestic trade played in leading China to overtake the US as the world’s dominant trading nation. There is an important lesson that countries can draw on how to turn early signals of upcoming downturns into opportunities for growth. Our study shows that, despite the hardships they inflict, shocks to the economy can also be seen as strategic windows countries can seize to become leading nations and leapfrog other economies in a changing geopolitical landscape.
Quantification of ferroptosis pattern in bladder carcinoma and its significance on immunotherapy
Authors: Cheng Xu , Wang Yinhuai , Li Yijian , Liu Wentao
Published: May 2022

The role of ferroptosis in tumor development and therapy has been previously proved. Nonetheless, its potential role in tumor microenvironment (TME) and immunotherapy for bladder carcinoma remains unclear. Based on 38 ferroptosis-related genes, the characteristic of ferroptosis patterns and interactions with immune cell-infiltrating features in 2043 bladder cancer samples were systematically investigated. We further proposed the FerrScore to quantify the ferroptosis patterns for each patient. As results, three diverse ferroptosis patterns with distinct tumor-infiltrating immune cell features were established. By determination of ferroptosis patterns of each patient, we found that high FerrScore was related to lower proportion of luminal-papillary molecular subtype, more frequent TP53 mutations, activation of immunity and stroma, and lower 5-year survival. High FerrScore also seemed to be associated with decreased neoantigen load, tumor mutational burden and poorer response to anti-PD-L1/1 therapy. External verification in two immunotherapy cohorts showed FerrScore was an independent and effective prognostic factor for therapeutic effect and survival outcome. Overall, the present study indicated the ferroptosis strongly is closely correlated with TME diversity. Evaluation of the ferroptosis patterns may strengthen the cognition of TME immune cell infiltrations and guide more individualized immunotherapeutic strategies in bladder carcinoma.
Prevotella species in the human gut is primarily comprised of Prevotella copri, Prevotella stercorea and related lineages
Authors: Yeoh Yun Kit , Sun Yang , Ip Lawrence Yuk Ting , Wang Lan , Chan Francis K. L. , Miao Yinglei , Ng Siew C.
Published: May 2022

Prevotellaspecies in the human gut microbiome are primarily comprised ofPrevotella copri, and its diversity and function were recently investigated in detail. Much less is known about otherPrevotellaspecies in the human gut. Here, we examined the composition ofPrevotellaspecies in human guts by mapping publicly available gut metagenomes to a dereplicated set of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) representingPrevotellalineages found in human guts. In most human cohorts,P. copriis the most relatively abundant species (e.g. up to 14.3% relative abundance in Tangshan, China). However, more than half of the metagenome reads in several cohorts mapped toPrevotellaMAGs representingP. stercoreaand several other species sister toP. stercoreaandP. copri. Analyses of genes encoded in these genomes indicated thatP. stercoreaand related lineages lacked many hemicellulose degrading enzymes and were thus less likely to metabolise hemicelluloses compared withP. copriand copri-related lineages. Instead,P. stercoreagenomes possess several carbohydrate esterases that may be involved in releasing ester modifications from carbohydrates to facilitate their degradation. These findings reveal unexploredPrevotelladiversity in the human gut and indicate possible niche partitions among these related species.
The electrical signature of mafic explosive eruptions at Stromboli volcano, Italy
Authors: Vossen Caron E. J. , Cimarelli Corrado , Bennett Alec J. , Schmid Markus , Kueppers Ulrich , Ricci Tullio , Taddeucci Jacopo
Published: May 2022

Volcanic lightning is commonly observed in explosive volcanic eruptions of Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) > 2 and can be detected remotely providing real-time volcano monitoring information. However, little is known about the electrical activity accompanying the lower-magnitude spectrum of explosive eruptions, often involving mafic magmas. We narrow this gap in knowledge by presenting the electrical signature of the explosive activity (VEI ≤ 1) of Stromboli volcano (Italy) recorded by an electrostatic thunderstorm detector. The persistent eruptive activity of mild Strombolian explosions is occasionally interrupted by larger-scale major explosions and paroxysmal events.

Here, we present electrical observations of three major explosions and unprecedented measurements of the 3 July 2019 paroxysm. The electrical signals of the major explosions show apparent similarities, with movements of charge and tens of electrical discharges, arising the question of whether these observations could be used to supplement the classification scheme of explosions on Stromboli. The electrical signals from the 3 July 2019 paroxysm exceed those from the major explosions in amplitude, discharge rate and complexity, showing characteristic variations during different phases of the eruption.

These results show that also impulsive lower-magnitude explosions generate detectable electrical activity, which holds promise for monitoring low VEI activity at mafic volcanoes.
Thinning increases forest resiliency during unprecedented drought
Authors: Sankey Temuulen , Tatum Julia
Published: May 2022

Regional droughts are now widespread and are projected to further increase. Semi-arid ponderosa pine forests across the western USA, which occupy > 56 million ha, are experiencing unprecedented levels of drought due to the currently ongoing North American megadrought. Using unpiloted aerial vehicle (UAV) thermal images and ground-based hyperspectral data, here we show that ponderosa pine forest canopy temperatures increased during the 2021 summer drought up to 34.6 °C, far above a typical canopy temperature when ponderosa pine trees no longer uptake carbon. We infer that much of the western US ponderosa pine forests likely served as a net carbon source rather than a sink during the 2021 summer drought period. We also demonstrate that regional forest restoration thinning significantly reduced the drought impacts. Thinned ponderosa pine forests had significantly lower increase in canopy temperature and canopy water stress during the drought period compared to the non-thinned forest stands. Furthermore, our extensive soil moisture network data indicate that available soil moisture in the thinned forest was significantly greater at all soil depths of 25 cm, 50 cm, and 100 cm compared to the non-thinned forest, where soil moisture dry-down in the spring started significantly earlier and stayed dry for one month longer causing critical water stress for trees. Forest restoration thinning benefits that are otherwise unappreciated during average precipitation years are significantly amplified during unprecedented drought periods.
Evidence for superior encoding of detailed visual memories in deaf signers
Authors: Craig Michael , Dewar Michaela , Turner Graham , Collier Trudi , Kapur Narinder
Published: May 2022

Recent evidence shows that deaf signers outperform hearing non-signers in some tests of visual attention and discrimination. Furthermore, they can retain visual information better over short periods, i.e., seconds. However, it is unknown if deaf signers’ retention of detailed visual information is superior following more extended periods. We report a study investigating this possibility. Our data revealed that deaf individuals outperformed hearing people in a visual long-term memory test that probed the fine detail of new memories. Deaf individuals also performed better in a scene-discrimination test, which correlated positively with performance on the long-term memory test. Our findings provide evidence that deaf signers can demonstrate superior visual long-term memory, possibly because of enhanced visual attention during encoding. The relative contributions of factors including sign language fluency, protracted practice, and neural plasticity are still to be established. Our findings add to evidence showing that deaf signers are at an advantage in some respects, including the retention of detailed visual memories over the longer term.
Higher dietary phytochemical index is associated with lower odds of knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Amirkhizi Farshad , Ghoreishy Seyed Mojtaba , Hamedi-Shahraki Soudabeh , Asghari Somayyeh
Published: May 2022

Previous studies have shown that adherence to dietary patterns rich in plant-based foods may reduce the odds of osteoarthritis; however, limited data are available on the association of consumption of diets rich in phytochemicals and odds of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). In this case–control study conducted in Iran, we aimed to investigate whether a higher dietary phytochemical index (DPI) is associated with decreased odds of having KOA. A total of 124 cases aged 20–60 years diagnosed with bilateral primary KOA according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria and 124 controls frequency-matched on age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) were included in the study. A validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to collect information on dietary intakes. To calculate DPI scores, the dietary energy derived from foods rich in phytochemicals (kcal) was divided by the participant’s total daily energy intake (kcal). Patients with KOA had lower intakes of dietary fiber (P = 0.004), vitamin A (P = 0.007), vitamin C (P = 0.001), and folate (P = 0.021) compared to controls. In the crude model, individuals in the third tertile of DPI had 65% lower odds of having KOA compared to those in the first tertile (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.67, P-trend = 0.001). After adjustment for potential confounders, including age, sex, physical activity, smoking, and supplement use, this inverse association remained significant (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.73, P-trend = 0.004). After further adjustment for BMI, this inverse association between DPI and odds of KOA also remained significant (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.69, P-trend = 0.003). These findings suggest that adherence to a phytochemical-rich diet, as indicated by the increasing DPI score, is associated with lower odds of KOA.
Renal protection induced by physical exercise may be mediated by the irisin/AMPK axis in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Formigari Guilherme Pedron , Dátilo Marcella Neves , Vareda Beatriz , Bonfante Ivan Luiz Padilha , Cavaglieri Claudia Regina , Lopes de Faria Jacqueline M. , Lopes de Faria José B.
Published: May 2022

In patients with diabetes, it has been suggested that physical exercise may reduce albuminuria and the progression of renal disease. However, the molecular mechanism by which physical exercise protects the kidney in diabetes remains poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to determine the contribution of muscle irisin secretion induced by aerobic physical exercise with the subsequent activation of AMPK for kidney protection under diabetic conditions. Aerobic physical exercise in rats protected the kidney in streptozotocin-induced diabetes. It reduced albuminuria, glomerular hypertrophy, and glomerular expression of collagen IV and fibronectin, as well as markers of kidney inflammation, when compared to sedentary diabetic rats. These effects were associated with elevation in muscle FNDC5/irisin and activity of AMPK in the diabetic kidney. However, the beneficial effects of exercise were lost when the diabetic rats were treated with CycloRGDyK, that in the bone it has been described as an irisin receptor blocker. In cultured human tubular (HK-2) cells, treatment with recombinant irisin counteracted the effect of high glucose in a dose-dependent manner. Irisin, per se, also activated AMPK in HK-2 cells. It is concluded that in diabetes, the renal protective effect of exercise may be mediated by the irisin/AMPK pathway.
The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus clarus improves physiological tolerance to drought stress in soybean plants
Authors: Oliveira Thales Caetano , Cabral Juliana Silva Rodrigues , Santana Leticia Rezende , Tavares Germanna Gouveia , Santos Luan Dionísio Silva , Paim Tiago Prado , Müller Caroline , Silva Fabiano Guimarães , Costa Alan Carlos , Souchie Edson Luiz , Mendes Giselle Camargo
Published: May 2022

Soybean (Glycine maxL.) is an economically important crop, and is cultivated worldwide, although increasingly long periods of drought have reduced the productivity of this plant. Research has shown that inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) provides a potential alternative strategy for the mitigation of drought stress. In the present study, we measured the physiological and morphological performance of two soybean cultivars in symbiosis withRhizophagus clarusthat were subjected to drought stress (DS). The soybean cultivars Anta82 and Desafio were grown in pots inoculated withR. clarus. Drought stress was imposed at the V3 development stage and maintained for 7 days. A control group, with well-irrigated plants and no AMF, was established simultaneously in the greenhouse. The mycorrhizal colonization rate, and the physiological, morphological, and nutritional traits of the plants were recorded at days 3 and 7 after drought stress conditions were implemented. The Anta82 cultivar presented the highest percentage of AMF colonization, and N and K in the leaves, whereas the DS group of the Desafio cultivar had the highest water potential and water use efficiency, and the DS + AMF group had thermal dissipation that permitted higher values of Fv/Fm,A, and plant height. The results of the principal components analysis demonstrated that both cultivars inoculated with AMF performed similarly under DS to the well-watered plants. These findings indicate that AMF permitted the plant to reduce the impairment of growth and physiological traits caused by drought conditions.
Variance-aware weight quantization of multi-level resistive switching devices based on Pt/LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures
Authors: Lee Sunwoo , Jeon Jaeyoung , Eom Kitae , Jeong Chaehwa , Yang Yongsoo , Park Ji-Yong , Eom Chang-Beom , Lee Hyungwoo
Published: May 2022

Resistive switching devices have been regarded as a promising candidate of multi-bit memristors for synaptic applications. The key functionality of the memristors is to realize multiple non-volatile conductance states with high precision. However, the variation of device conductance inevitably causes the state-overlap issue, limiting the number of available states. The insufficient number of states and the resultant inaccurate weight quantization are bottlenecks in developing practical memristors. Herein, we demonstrate a resistive switching device based on Pt/LaAlO3/SrTiO3 (Pt/LAO/STO) heterostructures, which is suitable for multi-level memristive applications. By redistributing the surface oxygen vacancies, we precisely control the tunneling of two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) through the ultrathin LAO barrier, achieving multiple and tunable conductance states (over 27) in a non-volatile way. To further improve the multi-level switching performance, we propose a variance-aware weight quantization (VAQ) method. Our simulation studies verify that the VAQ effectively reduces the state-overlap issue of the resistive switching device. We also find that the VAQ states can better represent the normal-like data distribution and, thus, significantly improve the computing accuracy of the device. Our results provide valuable insight into developing high-precision multi-bit memristors based on complex oxide heterostructures for neuromorphic applications.
Internet searches and heat-related emergency department visits in the United States
Authors: Adams Quinn H. , Sun Yuantong , Sun Shengzhi , Wellenius Gregory A.
Published: May 2022

Emerging research suggests that internet search patterns may provide timely, actionable insights into adverse health impacts from, and behavioral responses to, days of extreme heat, but few studies have evaluated this hypothesis, and none have done so across the United States.
We used two-stage distributed lag nonlinear models to quantify the interrelationships between daily maximum ambient temperature, internet search activity as measured by Google Trends, and heat-related emergency department (ED) visits among adults with commercial health insurance in 30 US metropolitan areas during the warm seasons (May to September) from 2016 to 2019. Maximum daily temperature was positively associated with internet searches relevant to heat, and searches were in turn positively associated with heat-related ED visits. Moreover, models combining internet search activity and temperature had better predictive ability for heat-related ED visits compared to models with temperature alone. These results suggest that internet search patterns may be useful as a leading indicator of heat-related illness or stress.
Effect of gluteal muscle strengthening exercise on sagittal balance and muscle volume in adult spinal deformity following long-segment fixation surgery
Authors: Lee Ki Young , Lee Jung-Hee , Im Sang-Kyu
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to investigate the changes in gluteal muscle volume and the effects of such changes in spinal alignment as a result of postoperative gluteal muscle strengthening exercise (GMSE) in patients following long-segment fixation for adult spinal deformity (ASD). Eighty-three consecutive patients (average age, 70.1 years) were analyzed. Three-dimensional CT scans were conducted to obtain serial axial gluteus muscle image slices. The size of each muscle area in every image slice was measured by Computer Aided Design and the sum of each muscle area was calculated. At the last follow-up, the sagittal vertical axis was significantly greater in the basic postoperative exercise group (1.49 mm vs. 17.94 mm), and the percentage of optimal sagittal alignment was significantly higher in the GMSE group (97.8% vs. 84.2%). At the last follow-up, the gluteus maximus volume was significantly higher in the GMSE group (900,107.1 cm3 vs. 825,714.2 cm3, p = 0.036). For the increase in muscle volume after 1 year, gluteus maximus and medius volumes showed a significant intergroup difference (+ 6.8% vs. + 2.4% and + 6.9% vs. + 3.6%). The GMSE protocol developed in this study could effectively increase gluteal muscle volume and maintain the optimal sagittal balance in patients with ASD.
Potts model solver based on hybrid physical and digital architecture
Authors: Inaba Kensuke , Inagaki Takahiro , Igarashi Koji , Utsunomiya Shoko , Honjo Toshimori , Ikuta Takuya , Enbutsu Koji , Umeki Takeshi , Kasahara Ryoichi , Inoue Kyo , Yamamoto Yoshihisa , Takesue Hiroki
Published: May 2022

The Potts model describes Ising-model-like interacting spin systems with multivalued spin components, and ground-state search problems of the Potts model can be efficiently mapped onto various integer optimization problems thanks to the rich expression of the multivalued spins. Here, we demonstrate a solver of this model based on hybrid computation using physical and digital architectures, wherein a digital computer updates the interaction matrices in the iterative calculations of the physical Ising-model solvers. This update of interactions corresponds to learning from the Ising solutions, which allows us to save resources when embedding a problem in a physical system. We experimentally solved integer optimization problems (graph coloring and graph clustering) with this hybrid architecture in which the physical solver consisted of coupled degenerate optical parametric oscillators.
β-Bis-CF3-substituted phosphorus corroles, theory and experiments
Authors: Zhan Xuan , Ullah Zakir , Kim Donghyeon , Mustafa Bilal , Kwon Hyungwook , Churchill David G. , Gross Zeev
Published: May 2022

All constitutional isomers of beta bis-CF3 substituted (tpfc)PF2 were geometrically optimized and studied electronically. The six synthetically accessed compounds were characterized (of the 18 possible) by NMR spectroscopy and other techniques.
Listeria monocytogenes utilizes the ClpP1/2 proteolytic machinery for fine-tuned substrate degradation at elevated temperatures
Authors: Balogh Dóra , Eckel Konstantin , Fetzer Christian , Sieber Stephan A.
Published: May 2022

Unlike most bacteria, L. monocytogenes encodes 2 isoforms of Caseinolytic Protease P. Balogh et al. show that both proteins form a heterocomplex temperature-dependently and find protein substrate candidates with an integrated proteomic approach.
Fate-directed risk assessment of chemical mixtures: a case study for cedarwood essential oil
Authors: Sühring Roxana , Mayer Philipp , Leonards Pim , MacLeod Matthew
Published: May 2022

The fate-directed risk assessment helps evaluate whether the risk assessment of known constituents is representative for an entire UVCB.
Baicalin alleviates endometrial inflammatory injury through regulation of tight junction proteins
Authors: Yang Diqi , Yin Ruiling , Lei Qianghui , Zhu Jiandi , Nan Sha , Ma Ning , Zhu Hongmei , Chen Jianguo , Han Li , Ding Mingxing , Ding Yi
Published: May 2022

Baicalin alleviates endometrial inflammatory injury in a mouse model. Baicalin activated autophagy in a mouse model and a cell model. Baicalin redistributed TJ proteins by regulating autophagy.
Extraordinary lattice thermal conductivity of gold sulfide monolayers
Authors: Taheri Armin , Pisana Simone , Singh Chandra Veer
Published: May 2022

The thermal conductivity of gold sulfide monolayers is found to span three orders of magnitude (as low as 0.04 W m−1 K−1), due to flat phonon bands and high anharmonicity. Combined with high electron mobility, this a promising thermoelectric material.
First-principles design of hetero CoM (M = 3d, 4d, 5d block metals) double-atom catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction under alkaline conditions
Authors: Lee Eoyoon , Choi Sun Hee , Ham Hyung Chul
Published: May 2022

The hetero CoCu double atom supported on N-doped graphene (CoCu/N4G) shows higher electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen evolution reaction, derived from the effect of the dopant Cu atom, in comparison with the homo Co2/N4G double-atom catalyst.
The synthesis of indole-3-carbinols (I3C) and their application to access unsymmetrical bis(3-indolyl)methanes (BIMs) bearing a quaternary sp3-carbon
Authors: Kundal Sandip , Rana Gopal , Kar Abhishek , Jana Umasish
Published: May 2022

A novel DDQ/H2O-mediated synthetic method is developed for tert-indole-3-carbinols, and their application in the synthesis of unsymmetrical bis(3-indolyl)methanes with all-carbon quaternary centres is described.
Enhancing the performances of physically cross-linked photodeformable main-chain azobenzene poly(ester-amide)s via chemical structure engineering
Authors: Zhou Yan , Wang Lei , Zhang Huiqi
Published: May 2022

The development of physically cross-linked photodeformable main-chain azobenzene poly(ester-amide)s with enhanced performances via chemical structure engineering and obtention of their detailed structure–property relationship are first described.
Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein entry using biologically modified polyacrylonitrile nanofibers:in vitrostudy towards specific antiviral masks
Authors: Emam Merna H. , Nageh Hassan , Ali Fedaa , Taha Mohamed , ElShehaby Hasnaa A. , Amin Rehab , Kamoun Elbadawy A. , Loutfy Samah A. , Kasry Amal
Published: May 2022

With the increase in the contagiousness rates of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), new strategies are needed to protect people and to halt the from the spread of viruses.
Application of a needle trap device packed with a MIP@MOF nano-composite for efficient sampling and determination of airborne diazinon pesticide
Authors: Rahimpoor Razzagh , Firoozichahak Ali , Alizadeh Saber , Soleymani-Ghoozhdi Danial , Mehregan Faeze
Published: May 2022

Schematic diagram of the sampling chamber.
Preparation of an eco-friendly antibacterial agent for food packaging containing Houttuynia cordata Thunb. extract
Authors: Kong Peifu , Abe Junichi Peter , Nakagawa-izumi Akiko , Kajiyama Mikio , Enomae Toshiharu
Published: May 2022

This study developed an eco-friendly antibacterial agent for food packaging containing Houttuynia cordata Thunb. extract via encapsulation technology.
Modular allylation of C(sp3)–H bonds by combining decatungstate photocatalysis and HWE olefination in flow
Authors: Capaldo Luca , Bonciolini Stefano , Pulcinella Antonio , Nuño Manuel , Noël Timothy
Published: May 2022

We report a flow platform for the modular allylation of strong aliphatic C(sp3)–H bonds based on the merger of photocatalytic HAT and a HWE reaction. This approach enables both early- and late-stage diversification of various hydroalkanes.
Preferential Co substitution on Ni sites in Ni–Fe oxide arrays enabling large-current-density alkaline oxygen evolution
Authors: Lin Yuping , Fan Xiaoming , Huang Mengqiu , Yang Zeheng , Zhang Weixin
Published: May 2022

Co–NiO/Fe2O3nanosheets featuring Co substitution on Ni sites can effectively regulate electronic structures and exhibit high OER activities with low overpotential (η500= 230 mV), small Tafel slope (33.9 mV dec−1) and superb durability for 300 h.
Electrically driven liquid crystal network actuators
Authors: Xiao Yao-Yu , Jiang Zhi-Chao , Hou Jun-Bo , Chen Xin-Shi , Zhao Yue
Published: May 2022

Electrically driven liquid crystal network (LCN) actuators, combining the merits of electrical modulation and the great actuation properties of LCN, have been advanced towards practical applications, new robotic functions and advanced motion control.
The versatility of the dynamic hydrogen bubble template derived copper foam on the emerging energy applications: progress and future prospects
Authors: Das Manisha , Biswas Ashmita , Purkait Taniya , Boruah Tribani , Bhardwaj Sakshi , Das Sabuj Kanti , Dey Ramendra Sundar
Published: May 2022

This review highlights the challenges and scope of the electrodeposited copper foam nanoarchitecture and its unique properties for various energy applications.
A superior electrocatalyst toward the oxygen reduction reaction obtained by atomically dispersing copper on N, F co-doped graphene through atomic interface engineering
Authors: Zhong Jing-Ping , Hou Cheng , Sun Miao-Lan , Yang Zhong-Yun , Chen Du-Hong , Fan You-Jun , Chen Wei , Liao Hong-Gang , Sun Shi-Gang
Published: May 2022

Cu single atoms dispersed on N, F co-doped graphene show excellent ORR activity due to the decreased Gibbs free energy for the adsorption of intermediates with F doping.
Chromium-rich CrxIr1−xO2 wire-in-tube alloys for boosted water oxidation with long standing electrocatalytic activity
Authors: Jin Dasol , Kang Jisoo , Prabhakaran Sampath , Lee Youngmi , Kim Myung Hwa , Kim Do Hwan , Lee Chongmok
Published: May 2022

Chromium–iridium oxide (CrxIr1−xO2) alloys with a wire-in-tube morphology were primally prepared as highly efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) via a simple electrospinning method.
Synergistically coupling Pt with Ni towards accelerated water dissociation for enhanced alkaline hydrogen evolution
Authors: Guo Jiangnan , Liu Jinlong , Zhang Xinxin , Guan Xiyuan , Zeng Muhong , Shen Jiarong , Zou Jianing , Chen Qiuzhu , Wang Tian , Qian Dong
Published: May 2022

The developed PtNi-NC-900 demonstrated superior activity and durability to the commercial 20% Pt/C catalyst for the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction, due to the synergistic effect between the Pt and Ni atoms on accelerated water dissociation.
Fabrication of highly conductive graphene/textile hybrid electrodes via hot pressing and their application as piezoresistive pressure sensors
Authors: Kim Youn , Bin Park Jung , Kwon Yeon Ju , Hong Jin-Yong , Jeon Young-Pyo , Lee Jea Uk
Published: May 2022

Highly conductive and flexible textile electrodes are developed via hot pressing of graphene and a textile. The pressure sensors based on the textile electrodes exhibit high sensitivity in a wide pressure range and outstanding durability.
Analogue circuit implementation of a new logistic‐like map
Authors: Wu Xianming , Fu Longxiang , He Shaobo , Wang Huihai
Published: May 2022

Discrete chaotic system has complex dynamics and becomes to be a present hot topic, but its analogue circuit implementation is rarely discussed. In this paper, by simplifying the logistic map, a new Logistic‐like map is proposed. Its cobweb plots, bifurcations, Lyapunov exponents, and dynamic map are investigated theoretically and numerically. The results show that the Logistic‐like map has complex dynamical behaviours. And then Psim simulation model is proposed to verify the feasibility of analogue circuit implementation. Finally, an analogue circuit experiment is performed and its results are consistent with the simulation results. The circuit designed is very simple and has less components, which can further broaden the applications of discrete chaotic map in applications.
Evaluation of HVDC system's impact and quantification of synchronous compensation for distance protection
Authors: Liu Di , Hong Qiteng , Dyśko Adam , Tzelepis Dimitrios , Yang Guangya , Booth Campbell , Cowan Ian , Ponnalagan Bharath
Published: May 2022

This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of the HVDC system's impact on distance protection via systematic and realistic experimental tests, along with theoretical analysis of the root causes of the identified compromised protection performance. A methodology for quantifying the impact of Synchronous Compensation (SC) in supporting the distance protection operation is also established. In this work, the performance of two widely used physical distance protection relays have been evaluated using a realistic Hardware'In'the'Loop (HIL) testing environment, where a total of 480 cases have been tested under a wide range of system scenarios. Representative cases with compromised protection performance are selected, where issues of under/over'reach, faulted phase selection and impedance measurement are identified and analysed. Furthermore, a method for quantifying the required SC level to address the under/over'reach issues resulting from HVDC systems is presented. The method establishes the relationship between the angle difference of the two'end fault current infeeds of the protected line and the SC level. Based on this relationship, the required SC capacity to constrain the angle difference within a targeted limit can be estimated, which offers a useful tool for system operators to appropriately size the SC's capacity with additional valuable insights from the distance protection perspective.
X-ray emission of contact binary variables within 1 kpc
Authors: Liu Junhui , Wu Jianfeng , Esamdin Ali , Gu Wei-Min , Sun Mouyuan , Wang Junfeng
Published: May 2022

Aims.The X-ray emission of contact binaries (EW-type) is an important facet of such systems. Thus, X-ray emitting EW-type binaries (EWXs) are ideal laboratories for studying the X-ray radiation saturation mechanisms as well as binary evolution. By assembling the largest sample to date of EWXs with periods of less than 1 day from the All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae Variable Stars Database and X-ray catalogs from theXMM-Newtonand ROSAT missions, we aim to conduct a systematic population study of X-ray emission properties of EWXs within 1 kpc.

Methods.We carried out correlation analyses for the X-ray luminosity, log LX, and X-ray activity level log(LX/Lbol) versus the orbital period,P, effective temperature,Teff, metallicity [Fe/H], and the surface gravity log gof EWXs. We investigated the relation between X-ray emission and the mass of component stars in the binary systems. We also performed sample simulations to explore the degeneracy between period, mass, and effective temperature for EWXs.

Results.We find strongP–log LXandP–log(LX/Lbol) correlations for EWXs withP ≲ 0.44 days and we provide the linear parametrizations for these relations, on the basis of which the orbital period can be treated as a good predictor for log LXand log(LX/Lbol). The aforementioned binary stellar parameters are all correlated with log LX, while onlyTeffexhibits a strong correlation with log(LX/Lbol). Then, EWXs with higher temperature show lower X-ray activity level, which could indicate the thinning of the convective area related to the magnetic dynamo mechanism. The total X-ray luminosity of an EWX is essentially consistent with that of an X-ray saturated main sequence star with the same mass as its primary, which may imply that the primary star dominates the X-ray emission. The monotonically decreasingP–log(LX/Lbol) relation and the short orbital periods indicate that EWXs could all be in the X-ray saturated state, and they may inherit the changing trend of the saturated X-ray luminosities along with the mass shown by single stars. For EWXs, the orbital period, mass, and effective temperature increase in concordance. We demonstrate that the periodP = 0.44 days corresponds to the primary mass of ∼1.1 M⊙, beyond which the saturated X-ray luminosity of single stars will not continue to increase with mass. This explains the break in the positiveP–log LXrelation for EWXs withP >  0.44 days.
AutoSourceID-Light
Authors: Stoppa F. , Vreeswijk P. , Bloemen S. , Bhattacharyya S. , Caron S. , Jóhannesson G. , Ruiz de Austri R. , van den Oetelaar C. , Zaharijas G. , Groot P. J. , Cator E. , Nelemans G.
Published: May 2022

Aims.With the ever-increasing survey speed of optical wide-field telescopes and the importance of discovering transients when they are still young, rapid and reliable source localization is paramount. We present AutoSourceID-Light (ASID-L), an innovative framework that uses computer vision techniques that can naturally deal with large amounts of data and rapidly localize sources in optical images.

Methods.We show that the ASID-L algorithm based on U-shaped networks and enhanced with a Laplacian of Gaussian filter provides outstanding performance in the localization of sources. A U-Net network discerns the sources in the images from many different artifacts and passes the result to a Laplacian of Gaussian filter that then estimates the exact location.

Results.Using ASID-L on the optical images of the MeerLICHT telescope demonstrates the great speed and localization power of the method. We compare the results with SExtractor and show that our method outperforms this more widely used method. ASID-L rapidly detects more sources not only in low- and mid-density fields, but particularly in areas with more than 150 sources per square arcminute. The training set and code used in this paper are publicly available.
The defocused observations of bright sources with Athena/X-IFU
Authors: Kammoun E. S. , Barret D. , Peille P. , Willingale R. , Dauser T. , Wilms J. , Guainazzi M. , Miller J. M.
Published: May 2022

Context. The X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU) is the high resolution X-ray spectrometer of ESA’s Athena X-ray observatory. It will deliver X-ray data in the 0.2–12 keV band with an unprecedented spectral resolution of 2.5 eV up to 7 keV. During the observation of very bright X-ray sources the X-IFU detectors will receive high photon rates. The count rate capability of the X-IFU will be improved by using the defocusing option, which will enable the observations of extremely bright sources with fluxes up to ≃1 Crab. In the defocused mode, the point spread function (PSF) of the telescope will be spread over a large number of pixels. In this case each pixel receives a small fraction of the overall flux. Due to the energy dependence of the PSF, this mode will generate energy-dependent artefacts increasing with count rate if not analysed properly. To account for the degradation of the energy resolution with pulse separation in a pixel, a grading scheme (of four grades) will be defined to realize the proper energy response to each event. This will create selection effects preventing the use of the nominal auxiliary response file (ARF) for all events.

Aims. We present a new method for the reconstruction of the spectra obtained from observations performed with a PSF that varies as a function of energy. We apply our method to the case of the X-IFU spectra obtained during the defocused observations.

Methods. We used the end-to-end SIXTE simulator to model defocused X-IFU observations. Then we estimated a new ARF for each of the grades by calculating the effective area at the level of each pixel.

Results. Our method allows us to successfully reconstruct the spectra of bright sources when employed in the defocused mode, without any bias. Finally, we address how various sources of uncertainty related to our knowledge of the PSF as a function of energy affect our results.
Growin: Modeling ionospheric instability growth rates
Authors: Smith Jonathon M. , Klenzing Jeffrey
Published: May 2022

Seasonal and zonal climatologies of Rayleigh–Taylor growth rates under geomagnetically quiet conditions during solar minimum and solar moderate conditions as a function of local time and altitude are calculated using open source data and software. It is under the action of the Rayleigh–Taylor instability that plumes of depleted plasma, or plasma bubbles, are understood to develop in the bottomside of the equatorial ionosphere. The growin python module utilizes other Heliophysics python modules to collate and process vertical plasma drift to drive the SAMI2 is Another Model of the Ionosphere (SAMI2) model and subsequently calculate the flux tube integrated Rayleigh–Taylor growth rate. The process is repeated for two different types of drift inputs: the Fejer–Scherliess model and measured drifts from the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS). These growth rates are compared to bubble occurrence frequencies obtained from a dataset of bubbles detected by the C/NOFS satellite. There is an agreement between periods of strong positive instability growth and high frequencies of bubble occurrence in both low and moderate solar activity conditions when using C/NOFS drifts. Fejer–Scherliess drifts are only in agreement with bubble occurrence frequencies during moderate solar activity conditions. Bubble occurrence frequencies are often above 25%, even when growth rates in the bottomside F region are negative. The climatological nature of the growth rates discussed here begs further study into the day-to-day variability of the growth rate and its drivers.
Climatology and modeling of ionospheric irregularities over Greenland based on empirical orthogonal function method
Authors: Jin Yaqi , Clausen Lasse B.N. , Miloch Wojciech J. , Høeg Per , Jarmołowski Wojciech , Wielgosz Paweł , Paziewski Jacek , Milanowska Beata , Hoque Mainul , Berdermann Jens , Lyu Haixia , Hernández-Pajares Manuel , García-Rigo Alberto
Published: May 2022

This paper addresses the long-term climatology (over two solar cycles) of total electron content (TEC) irregularities from a polar cap station (Thule) using the rate of change of the TEC index (ROTI). The climatology reveals variabilities over different time scales, i.e., solar cycle, seasonal, and diurnal variations. These variations in different time scales can be explained by different drivers/contributors. The solar activity (represented by the solar radiation index F10.7P) dominates the longest time scale variations. The seasonal variations are controlled by the interplay of the energy input into the polar cap ionosphere and the solar illumination that damps the amplitude of ionospheric irregularities. The diurnal variations (with respect to local time) are controlled by the relative location of the station with respect to the auroral oval. We further decompose the climatology of ionospheric irregularities using the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) method. The first four EOFs could reflect the majority (99.49%) of the total data variability. A climatological model of ionospheric irregularities is developed by fitting the EOF coefficients using three geophysical proxies (namely, F10.7P, Bt, and Dst). The data-model comparison shows satisfactory results with a high Pearson correlation coefficient and adequate errors. Additionally, we modeled the historical ROTI during the modern grand maximum dating back to 1965 and made the prediction during solar cycle 25. In such a way, we can directly compare the climatic variations of the ROTI activity across six solar cycles.
Blunt Traumatic Innominate Artery Pseudoaneurysm Endografting without Heparin Due to Severe Brain Injury
Authors: Nieber Derek P. , Lewis C. Taylor , Dayal Rajeev , Khariton Konstantin , Lang Samuel J. , Mack Charles A.
Published: May 2022

Blunt traumatic innominate artery injuries occur in polytrauma victims who have suffered high-speed motor vehicle collisions. Their associated injuries may preclude the use of heparin and affect surgical management and perioperative neurological risk. The uniqueness of this case is combining the arterial injury repair with a severe progressive neurological injury that prohibited standard perioperative antiplatelet or anticoagulent use.
Physician-Modified Endovascular Grafts for Zone-2 Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair
Authors: Queiroz André B. , Lopes Jackson B. , Santos Vanessa P. , Cruz Pedro B. A. F. , Fidelis Ronald J. R. , Filho José S. Araújo , Passos Luiz C. S.
Published: May 2022

Objective This study aims to describe our technique and early experience with physician-modified endovascular grafts (PMEGs) for aortic arch diseases in zone 2. We used a total endovascular technique based on a single fenestrated endograft to preserve left subclavian artery (LSA) patency.

Methods From December 2019 to August 2020, six consecutive patients with a variety of thoracic aortic diseases were treated with handmade fenestrated thoracic aortic grafts: four aortic dissections, one penetrating aortic ulcer, and one intramural hematoma. The planning, endograft modification, surgical technique, and follow-up of the patients were described. We evaluated immediate technical success and after 30 days, the LSA patency, Type-1 endoleak, and postoperative complications.

Results Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) was performed for zone 2 in all cases. Immediate technical success, defined as successful alignment of the LSA with a covered stent and no Type-1 endoleak, was achieved in all cases. Patients had a 30-day follow-up computed tomography, which demonstrated LSA patency and no Type-I endoleaks. To date, no strokes, left arm ischemia, paraplegia, or conversions to open surgery have been reported; one patient operated for acute Type B dissection died during the early follow-up.

Conclusion TEVAR for zone 2 with a PMEG to maintain LSA patency achieved technical success and early durability. It is expected that with longer follow-up and a larger number of cases, these results will be confirmed.
A Misdiagnosed Case of Endoleak Type-III Caused by Inadvertent Bilateral Limb Insertion in the Same Limb Gate of the Ovation Endograft
Authors: Georgakarakos Efstratios , Koutsoumpelis Andreas , Kostoglou Panagiotis , Tasopoulou Kalliopi-Maria , Argyriou Christos
Published: May 2022

We describe an infrequent case of endoleak Type-III due to an unrecognized, inadvertent bilateral limb deployment into the same limb gate of the Ovation aortic endograft, accompanied by thrombosis and acute ischemia. The following computed tomography angiography revealed the open limb gate with the characteristic of radio-opaque polymer in the sealing rings. Intraoperative angiographies via the brachial route identified the open limb gate and facilitated the successful use of an occluding plug to manage the Type-III endoleak.
Expanding Indications of TIPS in the Management of Portal Hypertension Complications
Authors: Vulasala Sai Swarupa Reddy , Onteddu Nirmal Kumar Reddy , Kalva Sanjeeva Prasad , Smolinski-Zhao Sara
Published: May 2022

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is a nonsurgical intervention to reduce portal pressure by creating a low-resistance channel between the portal and systemic circulations. It is a well-accepted treatment for gastroesophageal varices and refractory ascites. This review aims to discuss the evidence-based applications of TIPS in other complications of portal hypertension beyond gastroesophageal varices and refractory ascites.
Sustainable investing in the US and European insurance industry: a text mining analysis
Authors: Gatzert Nadine , Reichel Philipp
Published: May 2022

This paper uses a text mining analysis to study the development of sustainable investing in the European and US insurance industry as reflected in their public reports from 2013 to 2018. The sample comprises 1215 annual, sustainability- and investment-related documents of 77 firms. We develop a dictionary with principles, criteria and terminologies as well as strategies, and differentiate between the quality of reports. Our results show that the number of firms referring to as well as the word count related to sustainable investing substantially increase over the sample period, and that insurers reporting about sustainable investing are on average significantly larger. We also find that European insurers report much more extensively on their sustainable investment practices as compared to US insurers in our sample. Most relevant in 2018 are references to general ESG criteria, followed by responsible investment and the Sustainable Development Goals. Top strategies mentioned were ESG integration and impact investing, whereby we observe that insurers evolve from mentioning one single towards multiple strategies over time. Finally, a regression analysis does not show a value-effect of sustainable investment-related keywords in reporting on Tobin’s Q, which may be due to the rather long-term investment perspective.
Meaning construal and meaning conventionalization of Chinese [X+body part] metonymic compounds from the perspective of cognitive pragmatics
Authors: Li Qi
Published: May 2022

It is common for “body part” nouns to refer to other concepts through metonymy operations in a specific context to produce new meanings in many languages. Some compound words formed by body part nouns as morphemes can also refer to other concepts through metonymy operations, and the degree of conventionalization varies. This study firstly defines the degrees of conventionalization of the target compound words–Chinese [X+body part] metonymic compounds, and divides them into three types: conventionalized, half-conventionalized, and inconventionalized. Then, from the perspective of cognitive pragmatics, this study uses an integrated analysis model of cognitive linguistics and Relevance Theory to analyze the meaning inferential process of metonymic compounds with different degrees of conventionalization. This study has found similarities and differences among them. The similarity is that both speakers and hearers need to achieve “optimal relevance” in the process and the difference is that the lower degree of conventionalization of the compound, the more complicated the meaning inferential process is. Lastly, on the basis of the inferential process, this study summarizes four factors that affect the conventionalization of metonymic compounds: time of word formation, salience of metonymy, clarity of word-forming motivation and contextual support, among which contextual support is the most crucial factor.