bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Bis‐Urea Based Cage Receptor for Anions: Synthesis, Solid State Structures and Binding Studies
Authors: Paderni Daniele , Formica Mauro , Macedi Eleonora , Giorgi Luca , Rossi Patrizia , Retini Michele , De Cata Nicola , Zappia Giovanni , Piersanti Giovanni , Fusi Vieri
Published: December 2024

The synthesis and characterization of a novel bis‐urea‐based cage receptor for anions (3S,15S)‐3,15,20,25‐tetramethyl‐1,4,6,12,14,17,20,25‐octaazatricyclo[15.5.5.17.11]octacosa‐7(28),10‐diene‐2,5,13,16‐tetraone (L) is reported. L is a macro‐bicyclic ligand built on the 1,7‐dimethyl‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane scaffold to obtain a cage topology in which two ureido moieties have been inserted as binding sites for anions. L can interact with anion guests (G) via H‐bonding; in particular, it binds both spherical (Cl−) and V‐shaped anions (AcO−) as well as more complex carboxylate anions, such as the norfloxacin (Nor−). NMR experiments highlight that the interaction between L and G mainly occurs at the ureido moieties. L forms L‐G adducts of 1 : 1 ([LG]−) and 1 : 2 ([LG2]2−) stoichiometry with Cl− and AcO−. Otherwise, in the case of Nor− only the formation of the [LG]− complex is observed. L shows higher formation constants values for [LAcO]− (2.9) and [LNor]− (3.6) than [LCl]− suggesting a stronger interaction with the carboxylate anions. In the solid state, three crystal structures of the HL⋅G species were obtained (G=Cl−, AcO−, ClO4−) highlighting the H‐bonding interaction between the chloride, acetate or perchlorate anions and the −NH functions of the ureido fragment. The comparison between the two parent open chain receptors (Lb‐c) and L has been reported and discussed.
Building Block for Designing Bright Type I AIE‐Active Photosensitizers with Deep/Near‐infrared Red Fluorescence
Authors: Tang Yiwen , Xie Yili , Bai Xue , Zhao Chunhui , Zheng Yaoqiu , Liang Hongbo , Ma Zihang , Wang Zhiming , Wan Qing
Published: December 2024

Bright deep red/near‐infrared red (DR/NIR) active type I photosensitizers (PSs) with generating superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical have been regarded as powerful functional materials to fight the “Achilles's heel” of hypoxia from solid tumor. But some problems have still existed, for example, lacking effective molecular designed strategy or typical building block to design precisely type I PSs. In addition, the relationship between fluorescent quantum efficiency and NIR fluorescent color is inconsistent according to energy gap rule. To overcome above mentioned problems, in this work, we propose a typical building block to design precisely type I PSs with DR/NIR fluorescence and high photoluminescent quantum yield at aggregation by combining molecular design of aggregation‐induced emission and hybrid locally and charge transfer (HLCT) theory. The synthetic small molecular PSs just produce superoxide anion without any singlet oxygen production, which is ascribed to their lower T1 energy levels to suppress energy transfer from triplet state to oxygen. Two strategies of small molecular structural designing and polymeric nanoparticles modification are utilized to improve efficiency of type I ROS. More interestingly, original small molecular PSs is in capable to produce hydroxyl radical, once forming BSA encapsulated nanoparticles, obvious hydroxyl radical is appeared.
Conversion of Isolated Voids into Channel Spaces by Modulating the Stacking Manner of Hydrogen‐Bonded Ladders
Authors: Murakami Naoto , Oketani Ryusei , Hisaki Ichiro
Published: December 2024

1,2,3,4‐Tetrakis(carboxyphenyl)benzene (CPB) forms a predictable ladder‐shaped porous motif through intermolecular hydrogen‐bonding of the carboxy groups. The stacking manner of the ladder motif, on the other hand, cannot be controlled, yielding a crystal structure with discrete inclusion spaces. To modulate the stacking manner, its derivative CPB(OMe) with methoxy substituent groups at 5,6‐positions was synthesized and crystallized to yield a crystalline hydrogen‐bonded organic framework (HOF), in which the ladder motifs are stacking with a different manner to form 1D inclusion channels, instead of discrete voids. Because of the channel structure, removal of the included solvent molecules can be easily conducted, and the resultant activated HOF CPB(OMe)‐a exhibited micropores with BET surface area of 199 m2 g−1, which is larger than that of the other HOF CPB‐a.
The Potential Therapeutic Targets of Anlotinib in Osteosarcoma: Characterization Based on Patient‐Derived Xenografts and Next‐Generation Sequencing
Authors: Long Zuoyao , Lu Yajie , Li Minghui , Li Jing , Chen Guojing , Wang Fengwei , Wang Qi , Xiang Liangbi , Wang Zhen
Published: December 2024

Background

The aim of this study was to analyze the potential therapeutic targets of anlotinib using the patient‐derived xenografts (PDX) and evaluate the efficacy of the combination of chemotherapy and anlotinib in osteosarcoma patients before surgery.

Methods

Forty‐three osteosarcoma specimens were used to establish the PDX model in mice, resulting in Twenty‐one PDX successful models. Eventually, six models were randomly selected for the pharmacodynamic experiment. The tumor‐bearing mice were randomly divided into the anlotinib (3 mg/kg) and placebo groups (n = 5 each). After treatment, the tumors were harvested and analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blotting.

Results

In PDX model establishment, the tumors from donors with relapse, metastasis or chemoresistance demonstrated higher engraftment capacity. Histology results suggested that anlotinib significantly inhibited the growth of osteosarcoma by inducing mitotic arrest, necrosis and apoptosis, and selective against tumors with high expression of VEGFR2, PDGFRβ and CD31. Based on these results, five osteosarcoma patients who had progressed during NAC were treated with the combination of anlotinib and chemotherapy before surgery, which led to tumor regression in four patients. Next‐generation sequencing showed that most patients with tumor reduction expressed medium or high levels of VEGFR2 and PDGFRβ mRNA. The toxicities were tolerable.

Conclusions

In conclusion, osteosarcoma with high expression of VEGFR2, PDGFRβ and CD31 is more sensitive to anlotinib. However, the potential of synergistic effect of anlotinib and chemotherapy in osteosarcoma patients needs further investigation.
Change in Cardiorespiratory Fitness and the Risk of Colorectal and Prostate Cancer Incidence in Men
Authors: Bojsen‐Møller Emil , Bolam Kate A. , Väisänen Daniel , Paulsson Sofia , Lindwall Magnus , Rundqvist Helene , Nyberg Jenny , Åberg Maria , Ekblom‐Bak Elin
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The aim of this prospective cohort study was to investigate the associations between changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and the risk of colorectal and prostate cancer in men.

Methods

Data from men who completed a health assessment both in military conscription in youth and an occupational health profile assessment (HPA) later in life were used. CRF was assessed as estimated V̇O2max, using a cycle ergometer fitness test at both time points. We linked the assessment data to national register data on colorectal and prostate cancer incidence, and hazard ratios and confidence intervals were estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression.

Results

139,764 men with a mean age of 18 (SD 0.6) at conscription and 43 (SD 8.9) at HPA were included. The average time between the two assessments was 25.9 (SD 9.0) years and mean follow‐up time following HPA test was 10.0 (SD 5.6) years for prostate and colorectal cancer. Annual percentage change in relative and absolute V̇O2max from conscription to HPA was inversely associated with the risk of colorectal cancer incidence, hazard ratio of 0.83 (95% CI [0.72–0.94]) and 0.88 (95% CI [0.79–0.99]), respectively. These associations were driven by data from individuals in the lowest and moderate level fitness tertials at conscription. Change in CRF was not associated with prostate cancer incidence risk.

Conclusions

Changes in, not only level of, CRF from youth to adulthood are related to colorectal cancer incidence risk and therefore, improving CRF should be considered as an important colorectal cancer risk reduction strategy.
Angio‐Seal Vascular Closure Device for Percutaneous Management of Iatrogenic Right Ventricular Perforation During Pericardiocentesis
Authors: Skalidis Ioannis , Rubimbura Vladimir , Eeckhout Eric
Published: December 2024

This case report presents an instance of iatrogenic right ventricular perforation during pericardial paracentesis, a rare complication with potentially fatal consequences. Despite initial unsuccessful pericardial drainage, successful closure of the perforation was achieved using an Angio‐Seal vascular closure device, leading to cessation of hemorrhage and resolution of hemodynamic instability. The case highlights the efficacy of Angio‐Seal in managing such complications, emphasizing its utility in complex clinical scenarios involving pericardial interventions.
A Novel Bailout Snare Technique Sparing Recross the Aortic Valve During Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Jiang Zhengming , Yao Jing , Xi Ziwei , Song Guangyuan
Published: December 2024

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) procedure was planned for a 68‐year‐old female patient diagnosed with severe aortic stenosis by transthoracic echocardiography. The first valve unexpectedly dislodged during catheter tip withdrawal after full deployment. A second valve deployment became necessary, posing challenges due to the difficulty of passing the second valve delivery system through the first valve frame. The snare technique is typically used in cases where there are difficulties in delivering the transcatheter heart valve system across the native aortic valve during the TAVR procedure. We described a novel bailout technique to capture the delivery system in the main access using a snare catheter from the secondary access, while retaining the stiff wire in the left ventricle. This technique could be particularly applicable in scenarios where recrossing is challenging and risky.
Supramolecular Preorganization Rhodium and Iridium Metal Complexes Within M12L24 Self‐Assembled Nanospheres for the Confined Synthesis Rh/Ir Alloyed Nanoparticles
Authors: Metz Lotte L. , Bobylev Eduard O. , vandePoll Rim C. J. , Hensen Emiel J. M. , Hoogsteder Igor , Albrecht Wiebke , Reek Joost N. H.
Published: December 2024

Controlling the size and composition of metal nanoparticles is of considerable interest, as these are essential to their catalytic properties. Recently, our group has developed a preorganization strategy for controlled Ir nanoparticle synthesis inside Pt12L24 nanospheres. In the current contribution, we expand this method to the controlled synthesis of Rh nanoparticles. The encapsulated RhI complexes (Rh‐s @ G‐sphere) led to reasonable size control (2.8 ± 0.9 nm). Next, we demonstrated the formation of Rh‐Ir alloyed nanoparticles with varying Rh/Ir compositions, by preorganization of the respective metal complexes inside Pt12L24 nanospheres based on complementary hydrogen bonds before the reduction step that leads to nanoparticle formation. These heterometallic particles were evaluated in the hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde (7) as a probe reaction. Besides a high activity in this probe reaction, the Rh particles also catalyzed the conversion of the solvent (CH3CN). The formed basic amine leads to follow‐up reactions of the product and compatibility issues with the hosting nanosphere. The solvent hydrogenation was effectively suppressed by using the Rh:Ir alloyed nanoparticles, provided that they contain > 66% Ir. Compared to the monometallic Ir particles (Ir‐s @ G‐sphere), the Rh:Ir alloyed nanoparticles displayed higher catalytic activity, reaching optimal selectivity and activity at an 8:16–Rh:Ir ratio. The combined catalytic results illustrate that preorganization of the metal complexes in the nanosphere before the reduction with hydrogen effectively facilitates the formation of Rh:Ir alloyed nanoparticles, which allows for tuning a catalyst to create a more active and selective catalyst compared to monometallic or nonencapsulated Rh/Ir particles.
Cyclodextrin‐Encapsulated NHCs: Increased Selectivity and Reactivity of CO2 in Amine Formylation
Authors: Bijouard Kajetan , Nicolas Emmanuel , Anthore‐Dalion Lucile , Sollogoub Matthieu , Cantat Thibault
Published: December 2024

Herein, we describe the confinement of a N‐Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) organocatalyst in the cavity of cyclodextrins (CDs). These confined organocatalysts allow the formylation of amines through CO2 hydrosilylation. The presence of the cavity of the CDs leads to substrate‐selectivity between amines in competition reactions. The use of the smallest α‐CD induces the best selectivities but also increased reactivity compared to the bigger β‐CD. A careful study conducted by NMR and DFT revealed that in α‐CD, the complexed CO2 interacts with the cavity through hydrogen bonds. These H‐bonds destabilize the NHC–CO2 adduct and are accountable for the higher reactivity observed using α‐CD.
Ordered Assembly of Natural Phenolic Building Blocks for Supramolecular Crystalline Materials
Authors: Xie Qiuping , Pu Yiran , Huang Huijun , Li Shuyun , He Yunxiang , Guo Junling
Published: December 2024

Biomacromolecules such as DNA, proteins, and lipids in nature are constructed by ‘bottom‐up’ assembly with diverse functions and structural ordered characteristics. Supramolecular assemblies have been employed to mimic the natural complexity by manipulating the subtle variations of functional groups. Nevertheless, the intricate design of the driving forces or sophisticated synthesis of molecular skeletons poses challenges in fabricating highly ordered assemblies. Natural phenolic molecules with anisotropic functional groups exhibit potential as versatile building blocks for a wide range of supramolecular crystalline materials with tailored assembly and controlled functionalities. The inherent and anisotropic phenolic groups engage in ordered assembly with various materials via directional covalent bonds (e. g., condensation and coordination) as well as multiple molecular interactions (e. g., hydrogen bonding and π–π interactions), leading to the formation of supramolecular crystalline materials with diverse functionalities. This Concept presents the assembly mechanisms of crystalline phenolic materials and their applications, showcasing the effective utilization of ordered assembly by natural phenolic building blocks.
Mechanistic Insights into Chloride‐Dependent Uncaging Reaction of Propargyl and Allene‐Protected Substrates by Pd‐Complexes
Authors: Ferreira Thuany M. , Navo Claudio D. , Agnes Jonathan P. , Cardozo Filipe , de Oliveira Daniela C. , Zanotto‐Filho Alfeu , Jiménez‐Osés Gonzalo , Domingos Josiel B.
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the effect of chloride levels on the mode of action of palladium complexes for the activation of propargyl‐ and allene‐protected fluorophores and chemotherapeutic drugs through uncaging reactions. Four Pd(II) complexes were synthesized and characterized using various spectroscopic techniques to confirm their structure and electronic properties. Kinetic studies and density functional theory calculations revealed that chloride ions in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) significantly enhance catalytic efficiency, particularly for allenyl‐protected substrates compared to propargylic counterparts. This enhancement is attributed to the neutral charge nature of the Pd complex. The data suggest that neutral complexes are less prone to chloride exchange by water molecules. Additionally, chloride ligands counterbalance the unusually high stability of the key σ‐bound η1‐Pd intermediates in the aquo complexes in PB, leading to an overall higher reactivity. These results highlight the impact of fine‐tuning the electronic properties of the metal center through both designed ligands and environmental factors. Bench evaluations and tests with living breast cancer cells demonstrated that a Pd catalyst complex with a bidentate ligand effectively activates the prodrugs propargyl‐5‐fluorouracil (Prop‐5FU) and allene‐5‐Fluorouracil (Alle‐5FU), the latter being a novel prodrug. The Pd catalyst successfully released the active drug, inducing significant cytotoxicity, especially with Alle‐5FU, which operates at lower catalyst concentrations than Pro‐5FU.
Harnessing Cyanine‐like Properties to Develop Bright Fluorogenic Probes Based on Viscosity‐Sensitive Molecular Rotors
Authors: Dumat Blaise , Chieffo Carolina
Published: December 2024

Dipolar fluorescent molecular rotors (FMRs) are environmentally‐sensitive fluorophores that can be used in bioimaging applications to sense local viscosity and polarity. Their sensitivity to viscosity can also be used for the fluorogenic labeling of biomolecules such as DNA or proteins. In particular, we have previously used FMRs to develop a series of tunable fluorogens targeting the self‐labeling protein tag Halotag for wash‐free protein imaging in live cells. Despite these very useful properties, FMRs typically display moderate molar absorption coefficients that limits their overall fluorescence brightness. Herein, we synthesized a series of three model hemicyanines based on a styrylindolenium scaffold and performed a detailed study of their photophysical properties in solvents with various polarity and viscosity. We show that with a strong julolidine electron‐donating group it is possible to combine intense cyanine‐like absorption with the high sensitivity to viscosity of FMRs. We use this property to develop a lysosomal pH sensor and two bright cell‐impermeant fluorogens targeting HaloTag for imaging membrane proteins. We believe that this bright fluorogenic scaffold based on a simple chemical structure can be used in the future to build up a variety of probes and sensors with efficient photophysical properties.
DABCO‐Mediated Photoelectrochemical Three‐Component Sulfonocyclization of 3‐Aza‐1,5‐dienes
Authors: Ding Lucai , Yang Guihong , Luo Li , Ma Yingchun , Shi Jifu , Liang Deqiang , Li Yanni
Published: December 2024

Comprehensive Summary

Herein, we report a rare example of three‐component net‐oxidative sulfonylation of a SO2 surrogate with an oxidatively activated radical precursor under mild and metal‐ and external‐oxidant‐free conditions. The mildness and sustainability of the reaction are enabled by photoelectrocatalysis, and 3‐aza‐1,5‐dienes, organotrifluoroborates and 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bis(sulfur dioxide) adduct (DABSO) undergo sulfonylative cyclization to afford sulfono 4‐pyrrolin‐2‐ones in an atom‐economical manner with a broad substrate scope and good functional‐group tolerance. The protocol is amenable to the late‐stage diversification of complex molecular architectures as well as the gram‐scale synthesis. Sunlight could be used as the light source, and the reaction could be conducted in an all‐solar mode using a commercially available photovoltaic panel to generate electricity in situ. Mechanistic studies reveal that the in situ generated 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), which was generally innocent in previous reactions, functions as an electron shuttle between the photocatalytic cycle and the reactants.
Protocol: Complementarity between informal care and formal care to adults: Knowledge mapping through a scoping review of the literature
Authors: de Matos Marta Osório , Bobrowicz‐Campos Elzbieta , Silva Rosa , Castanheira Francisca , Santos Diana
Published: December 2024

This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The aim of this scoping review is to map, describe and characterize the available evidence on the role that formal care might have in complementing informal caregivers role – romantic partners, parallel family members (e.g., [step]siblings, cousins or in‐laws) or descendants (e.g., the care‐receivers are [step]parents, [step]aunts/uncles, [step]grandparents or in‐laws) – when providing care to adults with acquired diseases (physical or neurologic) in domestic settings and will set the ground for future research on this topic. The scoping review questions are the following: (i) What is the existing literature on the complementarity between formal and informal care? (ii) Which are the types of formal cares' services/interventions that have been described in the literature as complementary to informal care, provided to the informal caregiver and/or to the adult being cared for? (iii) Which outcomes have been assessed in the caregiver's physical, psychological, and social health domains, and how have they been measured?
Patterns of Genomic Heterogeneity in a Classic Field Cricket Mosaic Hybrid Zone
Authors: Maroja Luana S. , Barradale Francesca , Espinoza‐Ulloa Sebastian A. , Bogdanowicz Steven , Andres Jose
Published: December 2024

Barriers to gene exchange can be semi‐permeable; some genes are expected to freely flow across species boundaries whereas others, under divergent selection or responsible for reproductive isolation, might not. Genome scans in recently diverged species have identified divergent genomic regions, a pattern that has often been interpreted as islands of restricted introgression in a background of relatively free gene exchange (“genomic islands of speciation”). Areas of high differentiation, most located in the X chromosome (females XX, males X0), have been identified in the hybridizing field crickets Gryllus firmus and Gryllus pennsylvanicus. These species were assumed to follow an islands of speciation model, with highly differentiated areas interpreted as areas of reduced introgression. We sequenced the G. firmus genome to localize previously studied SNPs and sample a larger area around them in 8 allopatric populations (4 of each species). We use these data to test expectations for the islands model, in which non‐introgressing areas should have both high absolute and relative differentiation. We find that in the allopatric populations, the areas with high relative differentiation (mostly X‐linked), previously interpreted as non‐introgressing, do not have high absolute differentiation as would be expected under the “islands model.” We also show that the estimated divergence time based on nuclear DNA is about 4× older than that estimated based on mtDNA (800 K vs. 200 K years ago). We discuss the implications of our results for introgression into allopatric populations.
The Question of Thermoelectric Devices (TEDs) In/Efficiency—A Practical Investigation Considering Thermoelectric Heaters (TEHs)
Authors: Bayendang Nganyang Paul , Kahn Mohamed Tariq , Balyan Vipin
Published: December 2024

Thermoelectricity is a promising technology; however, though clean and versatile, its efficiency has been questionable and consequently limiting its extensive utilization. Many published research on thermoelectricity have been on power generation and cooling applications, with few publications on heating, especially practically. Thus, this article practically focuses on thermoelectric devices (TEDs) when used as thermoelectric heaters (TEHs). Sixteen identical TEDs (TEC‐12706) were operated as TEHs under similar test modalities and powered in succession with 12, 10, 8, 6, and 4 V, to practically examine TEHs energy dynamics and in/efficiency. It was found that all the TEHs used in the research performed relatively inconsistent with each other with the worst‐performed TEH (TEH0) having a mean hot‐side temperature of 30.276°C with a mean power consumption of 13.826 W; whereas the best‐performed TEH (TEH3) had a mean hot‐side temperature of 40.4°C with a mean power consumption of 20.822 W. Furthermore, all the TEHs hot‐side temperature increased proportionately with the input voltage; though at the specified voltages, the TEHs hot‐side temperature increased while its input power decreased over time. The concepts of TEH hot‐side mean temperature and TEH mean input power were also introduced.
Expanding Teacher's technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge with funds of knowledge: An exploratory STEM professional development model using video creation workshops
Authors: Tembrevilla Gerald , Milner‐Bolotin Marina
Published: December 2024

Recent initiatives in the Philippines have underscored the significance of 21st‐century approaches to preparing K‐12 STEM public teachers to embrace technology‐enhanced pedagogies. This case study, part of a larger investigation, employed portraiture methodology to examine one science teacher's growth in technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge (TPACK) while integrating students' funds of knowledge (FoK) in a 4‐week science video creation workshop. The workshop trained the teacher as a learning doctor to diagnose teaching and learning impediments during pre‐ to post‐video production. Data included the teacher's pre‐ to post‐production video creation experience, reflections, and individual interviews. Findings indicated: (a) a gradual growth from a self‐assessed detached TPACK to an expanded TPACK, (b) concrete FoK integration, which served as a bridge to widen the teacher's TPACK, and (c) effective science video creation workshop, viewed through the lens of a science teacher as a learning doctor, offered explicit scaffolding to address teaching and learning impediments during video creation. The findings suggest that science video creation workshops represent an exploratory and innovative model for deliberate professional development (PD) in STEM education, particularly for teachers in rural areas. This model highlights the relevance of research integrating FoK and TPACK and offers a new approach to enhancing teachers' TPACK. The findings have potential implications for advancing PD for rural science teachers in the Philippines and STEM educators in rural areas globally, emphasizing the value of rural schools as centers for relevant pedagogical innovation in STEM education.
Therapeutic effects of curcumin supplementation on liver enzymes of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Ebrahimzadeh Armin , Ebrahimzadeh Anahita , Fooladshekan Sara , Mohseni Shokouh , Mohtashamian Abbas , Babajafari Siavash , Sohrabi Zahra
Published: December 2024

Curcumin, as an antioxidant agent, has been proposed as a potential treatment for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of the current systematic review and meta‐analysis was to summarize earlier findings regarding the effect of curcumin supplementation on liver enzymes and ALP in NAFLD patients. All studies published up to November 18, 2022, were searched through the PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases to collect all randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on NAFLD patients in which curcumin was used as a treatment. A random‐effects model was used to measure pooled effect sizes. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to report pooled effect sizes. Subgroup analysis was utilized to investigate heterogeneity. A total of 14 studies were included in this systematic review and meta‐analysis. Our pooled meta‐analysis indicated a significant decrease in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) following curcumin therapy by pooling 12 effect sizes (WMD: –8.72; 95% CI: –15.16, –2.27, I2 = 94.1%) and in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) based on 13 effect sizes (WMD: –6.35; 95% CI: –9.81, –2.88, I2 = 94.4%). However, the pooled analysis of five trials indicated that there was no significant association between curcumin therapy and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in NAFLD patients (WMD: −4.71; 95% CI: −13.01, 3.58, I2 = 64.2%). Nevertheless, subgroup analyses showed significant effects of curcumin on ALP with a longer duration of supplementation. The findings of this systematic review and meta‐analysis support the potential effect of curcumin on the management of NAFLD. Further randomized controlled trials should be conducted in light of our findings.
Sea Hare Hydrolysate Reduces PD‐L1 Levels in Cancer Cells and Mitigates Rheumatoid Arthritis Ina Collagen‐Induced Arthritis Mouse Model
Authors: Ryu Ji Hyeon , Song Min Seok , Nyiramana Marie Merci , Prayoga Anjas Happy , Cao Dang Long , Lee Gyeong‐Won , Kwon Hyuk‐Kwon , Kang Dawon
Published: December 2024

Our previous study highlighted the anticancer potential of sea hare hydrolysate (SHH), particularly its role in regulating macrophage polarization and inducing pyroptotic death in lung cancer cells through the inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). These findings prompted us to investigate additional features of immune‐oncology (I‐O) agents or adjuvants, such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) inhibition and their association with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk, to explore the potential of SHH as an I‐O agent or adjuvant. In this study, we investigated the effects of SHH on PD‐L1 levels in various cancer cell types and assessed its effectiveness in treating RA, a common side effect of I‐O agents. Our results showed a marked reduction in PD‐L1 levels in multiple cancer cell lines and decreased PD‐1 and PD‐L1 levels in tumor‐associated macrophages. In a mouse model with collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA), SHH exhibited anti‐inflammatory effects comparable to methotrexate (MTX), a first‐line treatment for RA. Both the SHH and MTX groups had significantly lower arthritis scores and paw thickness compared to the CIA group. Additionally, SHH or MTX treatment effectively reduced elevated levels of anticollagen type II (CII) antibodies and proinflammatory cytokines (IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α). Histopathological analysis revealed that SHH and MTX treatments notably mitigated arthritic inflammation, synovial hyperplasia, and loss of articular cartilage and bone. Micro‐CT scans showed reduced articular destruction in the SHH and MTX groups. These findings indicate that SHH treatment decreases PD‐L1 levels in cancer cells and reduces the severity of CIA by exerting anti‐inflammatory effects. Therefore, SHH holds promise as an I‐O agent without side effects such as exacerbation of RA.
Silent Information Regulator 1/Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptor‐γ Coactivator‐1α Axis: A Promising Target for Parkinson's and Alzheimer's Disease Therapies
Authors: Goyal Ahsas , Kumari Anshika , Verma Aanchal , Chaudhary Vandana , Agrawal Vaibhav , Yadav Harlokesh Narayan
Published: December 2024

One of the key challenges in medical research is developing safe medications to treat neurodegenerative disorders. Increased oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation are common features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT‐1), part of the sirtuin family, plays a critical role in various physiological processes by binding to histones and nonhistone proteins. SIRT‐1 primarily mitigates oxidative stress and regulates mitochondrial activity by maintaining the deacetylated form of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ coactivator‐1α (PGC‐1α), ensuring stable PGC‐1α levels. Research has shown reduced SIRT‐1/PGC‐1α expression in AD and PD models. Targeting this pathway presents a promising therapeutic approach for managing AD and PD, potentially leading to disease‐modifying treatments and improved outcomes. This review highlights the findings of various studies suggesting that the SIRT‐1/PGC‐1α pathway promotes mitochondrial biogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and cognitive function, as well as exerts antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐apoptotic effects, offering a potential method for AD and PD treatment.
Skeletal Muscle mRNA Splicing Variants Association With Four Different Fitness and Energetic Measures in the GESTALT Study
Authors: Donega Stefano , Banskota Nirad , Gupta Esha , Gonzalez‐Freire Marta , Moore Ann Zenobia , Ubaida‐Mohien Ceereena , Munk Rachel , Zukley Linda , Piao Yulan , Bergeron Chris , Bergeron Jan , Bektas Arsun , Zampino Marta , Stagg Carole , Indig Fred , Hartnell Lisa M. , Kaileh Mary , Fishbein Kenneth , Spencer Richard G. , Gorospe Myriam , De Supriyo , Egan Josephine M. , Sen Ranjan , Ferrucci Luigi
Published: December 2024

Background

Physical activity is essential for maintaining muscle mitochondrial function and aerobic capacity. The molecular mechanisms underlying such protective effects are incompletely understood, in part because it is difficult to separate the effects of disease status and physical activity. We explored the association of human skeletal muscle transcriptomic with four measures of energetics and mitochondria oxidative capacity in healthy individuals.

Methods

Using RNA sequencing of vastus lateralis muscle biopsies from 82 GESTALT participants (52 males, aged 22–89 years), we explored gene and splicing variant expression profiles associated with self‐reported physical activity, peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak), muscle oxidative capacity (kPCr) and mitochondrial respiration (Mit‐O2 flux). The effect of aging on gene expression was examined in participants with low and high VO2 peak.

Results

The four measures of energetics were negative correlated with age and generally intercorrelated. We identified protein‐coding genes associated with four energetic measures adjusting for age, muscle fiber‐ratio, sex and batch effect. Mitochondrial pathways were overrepresented across all energetic variables, albeit with little overlap at the gene level. Alternative spliced transcript isoforms associated with energetics were primarily enriched for cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granules. The splicing pathway was up‐regulated with aging in low but not in high fitness participants, and transcript isoforms detected in the low fitness group pertain to processes such as cell cycle regulation, RNA/protein localization, nuclear transport and catabolism.

Conclusions

A consistent mitochondrial signature emerged across all energetic measures. Alternative splicing was enhanced in older, low fitness participants supporting the energy‐splicing axis hypothesis. The identified splicing variants were enriched in pathways involving the accumulation of ribonucleoproteins in cytoplasmic granules, whose function remains unclear. Further research is needed to understand the function of these proteoforms in promoting adaptation to low energy availability.
Dual Multi Scale Attention Network Optimized With Archerfish Hunting Optimization Algorithm for Diabetics Prediction
Authors: Suresh Helina Rajini , Anita Davamani K. , Chandrasekaran Hemalatha , Prabu Sankar N.
Published: December 2024

Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs when the body cannot regulate blood sugar levels. Nowadays, the screening tests for diabetes are developed using multivariate regression methods. An increasing amount of data is automatically collected to provide an opportunity for creating challenging and accurate prediction modes that are updated constantly with the help of machine learning techniques. In this manuscript, a Dual Multi Scale Attention Network optimized with Archerfish Hunting Optimization Algorithm is proposed for Diabetes Prediction (DMSAN‐AHO‐DP). Here, the data is gathered through PIMA Indian Diabetes Dataset (PIDD). The collected data is fed towards the preprocessing to remove the noise of input data and improves the data quality by using Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization Filtering (CLAHEF) method. Then the preprocessed data are fed to Multi‐Level Haar Wavelet Features Fusion Network (MHWFFN) based feature extraction. Then the extracted data is supplied to the Dual Multi Scale Attention Network (DMSAN) for diabetic or non‐diabetic classification. The hyper parameter of Dual Multi Scale Attention Network is tuned with Archerfish Hunting Optimization (AHO) algorithm, which classifies diabetic or non‐diabetic accurately. The proposed DMSAN‐AHO‐DP technique is implemented in Python. The efficacy of the DMSAN‐AHO‐DP approach is examined with some metrics, like Accuracy, F‐scores, Sensitivity, Specificity, Precision, Recall, Computational time. The DMSAN‐AHO‐DP technique achieves 23.52%, 36.12%, 31.12% higher accuracy and 16.05%, 21.14%, 31.02% lesser error rate compared with existing models: Enhanced Deep Neural Network based Model for Diabetes Prediction (EDNN‐DP), Indian PIMA Dataset using Deep Learning for Diabetes Prediction (ANN‐DP), and Enhanced Support Vector Machine with Deep Neural Network Learning strategies for Diabetes Prediction (SVM‐DNN‐DP).
Danish cohort study of tympanic membrane retractions and manifestations of Eustachian tube dysfunction
Authors: Jensen Dennis Friis , Hill‐Madsen Louise , Holm Niels H. , Ovesen Therese
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Our objective is to evaluate the prevalence of tympanic membrane (TM) retractions and management of signs of Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) in both children and adults following type 1 tympanoplasty or myringoplasty. Furthermore, to identify potential risk factors for developing ETD and TM retractions.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study of 423 patients (5–86 years of age) undergoing 452 procedures. We extracted data from electronic patient journals during scheduled consultations to calculate prevalences and relative risks. The project was reported to the Danish Data Protection Authority, and access to electronic patient journals was approved by the Institutional Board of Gødstrup Hospital.

Results

At 1 year postoperative follow‐up, the prevalence of TM retractions was 12.7% and ETD manifestations without a concurrent TM retraction was 4.2%. The graft failure rate was 11.0%. Risk factors for developing TM retractions included preoperative myringosclerosis, history of ipsilateral ear surgery, posterior perforations, and use of perichondrium graft. Conversely, previous contralateral ear surgery and temporal fascia graft use were associated with decreased risk. ETD manifestations were significantly increased in cases of preoperative bilateral perforation, history of ipsilateral ventilation tube, and traumatic TM perforation.

Conclusions

TM retractions accounted for 12.7%, ETD manifestations without a concurrent TM retraction 4.2%, and graft failure 11.0%. The dynamic nature of these complications necessitates diligent follow‐up strategies.

Level of evidence

Level 4.
circEIF3I Promotes Colorectal Cancer Metastasis by Regulating the miR‐328‐3p/NCAPH Axis
Authors: Zhao Yali , He Yan , Xiao Zhiyuan , Xin Le , Deng Mingjing , Yao Mingxia , Huang Guan
Published: December 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common gastrointestinal malignancy, with its recurrence and metastasis significantly affecting patient survival. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel class of noncoding RNAs, have emerged as crucial contributors to CRC pathogenesis. However, the role of circEIF3I in CRC metastasis remains unclear. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was applied to assess circEIF3I, microRNA (miR)‐328‐3p, and NCAPH expression. CRC cell migration and invasion were determined via Transwell assays. Western blot analysis was utilized to define the protein expression of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and NCAPH. Xenograft tumor was established for exploration into the function of circEIF3I in CRC metastasis to the liver and lung. The binding between miR‐328‐3p and circEIF3I or NCAPH was predicted through ENCORI or TargetScan platform and ascertained through dual‐luciferase reporter assays. circEIF3I and NCAPH expression were found to be elevated in CRC tissues and cells, while miR‐328‐3p was downregulated. Functionally, circEIF3I knockdown inhibited CRC cell migration, invasion, EMT, and tumor metastasis. Mechanistic analyses revealed that circEIF3I can target miR‐328‐3p, while NCAPH was targeted by miR‐328‐3p. Furthermore, circEIF3I facilitated NCAPH expression in CRC cells by sequestering miR‐328‐3p. Notably, miR‐328‐3p inhibitor or NCAPH overexpression negated the effects of circEIF3I knockdown on preventing CRC progression in vitro. Taken together, circEIF3I elevated NCAPH expression by sponging miR‐328‐3p, thereby promoting CRC metastasis. These findings suggest that the circEIF3I/miR‐328‐3p/NCAPH axis represents a novel therapeutic target for CRC.
Mild solution of semilinear evolution equation on an unbounded interval and its application in second‐order hyperbolic PDE
Authors: Moghaddam Effat Gohari , Khanehgir Mahnaz , Amiri Kayvanloo Hojjatollah , Allahyari Reza
Published: December 2024

The aim of this paper is to discuss the existence of the mild solution for the infinite system of second‐order hyperbolic PDE with boundary/initial value problem with nonlocal condition on an unbounded interval of the shape

where
, and
is an open set of
. Our approaches rely on the method of the measures of noncompactness.
Rotoren zu Aromaten
Authors: Rieger Tobias , Fehn Thomas , Hofmann Alexander
Published: December 2024

Chemische Recyclingverfahren wie die Pyrolyse mit anschließendem Aufbereiten der Pyrolyseöle zerlegen Kunststoffe in ihre chemischen Bestandteile. Sie lassen sich wieder in den Produktionskreislauf zurückführen. Das soll nun sogar bei Verbundwerkstoffen möglich werden.
Lehren und Lernen in der organischen Chemie
Authors: Rodemer Marc , Bernholt Sascha , Giese Michael , Göttlich Richard , Lützen Arne , Graulich Nicole
Published: December 2024

Ein Forschungsnetzwerk bringt Lehrende und Wissenschaftler:innen aus Organik und Fachdidaktik zusammen. Es konzentriert sich auf die Hochschullehre und will basierend auf Best‐PracticeErfahrungen und empirischen Erkenntnissen der Lehr‐Lernforschung Empfehlungen erarbeiten, wie Lehre gestaltet werden sollte.
Trendbericht Chemiedidaktik 2024
Authors: Pohle Henriette , Rautenstrauch Hanne , Rosenberg Dominique
Published: December 2024

Inhaltliche Schwerpunkte sind Messtechnik und Sensorik, Synthese und Nachhaltigkeit. Mehr als zuvor wurde zu Katalyse geforscht. Ein methodischer Schwerpunkt lag auf Unterrichtskonzeption. Digitale Medien bleiben Thema; mehr beforscht wurden Schülerlabore, Versuchsprotokolle, künstliche Intelligenz und maschinelles Lernen.
Nachruf: Hans J. Schäfer (1937 – 2024)
Authors: Kaulen Johannes , Metz Peter
Published: December 2024

Hans J. Schäfer interessierte sich für organische Elektrochemie zur Synthese, selektive Funktionalisierungen und für Fettsäuren als nachwachsende Rohstoffe.
Constraint‐Oriented Obstacle Avoidance Control for Autonomous Vehicles Without Local Trajectory Replanning
Authors: Yang Zeyu , He Jinhong , Hu Manjiang , Cui Qingjia , Bian Yougang , Zhong Zhihua
Published: December 2024

Obstacle avoidance, as an indispensable part of the autonomous driving process, plays an essential role in safeguarding vehicular safety. The intricacies of the driving environment coupled with the uncertainties in vehicle dynamics render the formulation of an obstacle avoidance strategy a formidable challenge. In this study, a novel obstacle avoidance control is proposed for autonomous vehicles that eschews local trajectory replanning based on the principle of constraint‐following. Initially, trajectory tracking is achieved by formulating equality constraints on the vehicle's states, which are based on kinematic relationships between the desired trajectory and the controlled vehicle. By analyzing the geometric relationships between obstacles and the vehicle, the obstacle avoidance inequality constraints of the vehicle position are established. Based on a potential function, we transform the inequality constraints into equality constraints, thereby recasting the obstacle avoidance as a constraint‐following control problem. Subsequently, a closed‐form constraint force based on the Udwadia‐Kalaba (U‐K) approach and an adaptive law are put forward. Through Lyapunov minimax analysis, it has been demonstrated that the derived control ensures the constraint‐following performance. Finally, the Simulink‐CarSim co‐simulations are implemented. The results indicate that the proposed control guarantees the vehicle trajectory tracking and collision‐free performance.
Micro‐ and nanorobots from magnetic particles: Fabrication, control, and applications
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Yang Tao , Li Quan
Published: December 2024

Magnetic microparticles (MPs) and nanoparticles (NPs) have long been used as ideal miniaturized delivery and detection platforms. Their use as micro‐ and nanorobots (MNRs) is also emerging in the recent years with the help of more dedicated external magnetic field manipulations. In this review, we summarize the research progress on magnetic micro‐ and nanoparticle (MNP)‐based MNRs. First, the fabrication of micro‐ and nanorobots from either template‐assisted NP doping methods or directly synthesized MPs is summarized. The external driving torque sources for both types of MNRs are analyzed, and their propulsion control under low Reynolds number flows is discussed by evaluating symmetry breaking mechanisms and interparticle interactions. Subsequently, the use of these MNRs as scientific models, bioimaging agents, active delivery, and treatment platforms (drug and cell delivery, and sterilization), and biomedical diagnostics has also been reviewed. Finally, the perspective of MNPs‐based MNRs was outlined, including challenges and future directions.
A random encounter model for wildlife density estimation with vertically oriented camera traps
Authors: He Shuiqing , Rowcliffe J. Marcus , Lin Hanzhe , Carbone Chris , Liefting Yorick , Thapa Shyam K. , Shrestha Bishnu P. , Jansen Patrick A.
Published: December 2024

The random encounter model (REM) estimates animal densities from camera‐trap data by correcting capture rates for a set of biological variables of the animals (average group size, speed and activity level) and characteristics of camera sensors. The REM has been widely used for setups in which cameras are mounted on trees or other structures aimed parallel to the ground. Here, we modify the REM formula to accommodate an alternative field of view acquired with vertically oriented camera traps, a type of deployment used to avoid camera theft and damage. We show how the calculations can be adapted to account for a different detection zone with minor modifications. We find that the effective detection area can be close to a rectangle with dimensions influenced by the properties of the Fresnel lens of the camera's motion sensor, the body mass of different species and the height of the camera. The other REM parameters remain the same. We tested the modified REM (vREM) by applying it to wildlife data collected with vertically oriented camera traps in Bardia National Park, Nepal. We further validated that the effective detection area for the camera model used was best approximated as a rectangle shape using maximum likelihood estimation. Density estimates obtained broadly matched independent density estimates for nine species from the previous studies in Bardia with varying body sizes by four orders of magnitude. We conclude that these modifications allow the REM to be effectively used for mammal density estimation for species with a wide range of body sizes, with vertically oriented camera traps.