bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Melongosides as Potential Inhibitors of NS2B-NS3 Activator-Protease of Dengue Virus (Serotype 2) by Using Molecular Docking and Dynamics Simulation Approach
Authors: Biswas Partha , Hany Rumi Ommay , Ahmed Khan Dhrubo , Ahmed Md Nasir , Nahar Nusratun , Jahan Rownak , Hasan Zilani Md Nazmul , Paul Tridib K , Hasan Anamul , Bondhon Tohmina Afroze , Jannat Khoshnur , Hasan Md Nazmul , Rahmatullah Mohammed
Published: August 2022

Dengue is a Flavivirus infection transmitted through mosquitoes of the Aedes genus, which is known to occur in over 100 countries of the world. Dengue has no available drugs for treatment; CYD-TDV is the only vaccine thus far approved for use by a few countries in the world. In the absence of drugs and a widely approved vaccine, attention has been focused on plant-derived compounds to the discovery of a potential therapeutic for DENV. The present study aimed to determine, in silico, the binding energies of the steroidal saponins, melongosides, to NS2B-NS3 activator protease of DENV-2, which plays an essential role in the viral replication. The blind molecular docking studies carried out gave binding energies (ΔG = −kcal/mol) of melongosides B, F, G, H, N, O, and P as 7.7, 8.2, 7.6, 7.8, 8.3, 8.0, and 8.0, respectively. All the melongosides interacted with the NS3 protease part of NS2B-NS3. Melongosides B, F, and N showed interactions with His51, while melongoside G interacted with Asp75 of NS3, to be noted, these are important amino acid residues in the catalytic site of the NS3 protease. However, the 200 ns molecular dynamic simulation experiment indicates significant stability of the protein-ligand interactions with the RMSD values of 2.5 Å, thus suggesting a better docking position and no disruption of the protein-ligand structure. Taken together, melongosides need further attention for more scientific studies as a DENV inhibitory agent, which if proven, in vivo and in clinical trials, can be a useful therapeutic agent against at least DENV-2.
Edge Computing Resource Allocation and Optimization Method and Its Application in Internet of Vehicles Environment
Authors: Geng Lei
Published: August 2022

With the emergence of new vehicle-mounted services, such as autonomous driving and augmented reality, the computing capability at the edge of the Internet of vehicles (IoV) has become increasingly demanding, and the edge computing of the IoV has also emerged. With the rise of the IoV, new vehicle-mounted applications keep emerging. Vehicle-mounted applications need to process the sensor data of themselves and other vehicles around them. The amount of data is huge, and processing these sensor data requires powerful computing power. But typical vehicles have limited computing power, so such computation-intensive tasks need to be uploaded to a data center for processing. The MEC (Mobile Edge Computing) technology is a good choice to solve this problem. This paper advocates reasonable scheduling of parked vehicles to cooperate with edge servers for collaborative edge computing and studies the resource scheduling scheme under the target of user relative satisfaction. This paper describes the main entities and related functions in the network and proposes a secure and reliable protocol for interaction between entities. The serviceability of different parked vehicles in collaborative edge computing was evaluated to select stable task performers and solve the resource scheduling optimization problem between parked vehicles and edge servers. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme has better customer satisfaction and maximum overhead than the existing scheme that only considers using edge server to perform tasks. Therefore, the method of this paper has important theoretical significance and potential practical value.
Based on Contaminated Water and Human Health to Change of China’s International Image Under Mainstream Media Reports During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Ji Kaixi , Zhou Mengqian , Yang Zitong , Zong Haiyong
Published: August 2022

As water quality can be an indicator of public health, it cannot be ignored. We can regard the international image of a country as a kind of soft national power, which embodies the comprehensive strength of the country and plays a very important role in safeguarding the interests of a country. This article aims to study the changes in China’s international image under mainstream media reports during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This article is based on contaminated water and human health to study the concept of the international image, the optimization path of China’s international image, and the SEIR model. The SEIR model is one of the classic infectious disease models. Because the virus infection rate in this model is constant, it is difficult to accurately determine the spread of new coronary pneumonia. To model and complete the pandemic trend prediction and other issues, this article proposes a virus infection rate prediction method based on the long short‐term memory network (LSTM), and combines it with the SEIR model to establish a new crown pneumonia pandemic trend prediction model (LS‐Net). The conclusion of this article shows that in the fight against the novel coronavirus infectious pneumonia pandemic, the Chinese people have demonstrated the style of a big country. I have unreservedly passed on my own experience in pandemic prevention and control to countries around the world, and dispatched medical teams to provide the world with Chinese “prescriptions.” Chinese diagnosis and treatment programs are the crystallization of common wisdom of Chinese medicine and Western medicine to support the world. All countries fight the pandemic together. In this analysis, Pakistan, Kenya, and Nigeria hold 84%, 85%, and 75% of China’s positive views, respectively, 61% of Russians also have a positive attitude toward China.
Smoothing Connected Ball Bézier Curves by Energy Minimization
Authors: Li Juncheng , Liu Chengzhi
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we aim at smoothing two connected ball Bézier curves from Cr−1 to Cr(r ≥ 1) by minimizing the energies of the curves. We propose the algorithms based on internal energy minimization and curve attractor minimization. Then, we combine the internal energy and the curve attractor and give the algorithm based on combined energy minimization. All algorithms are established by solving bi‐objective minimizations. Some numerical examples show that the proposed algorithms are effective, making them useful for smoothing 3D objects constructed by connected ball Bézier curves.
Underwater Internet of Things-Based Solutions for Intelligent Marine Target Recognition
Authors: Hu Ping , Jiang Kaina , Chen Peng , Huan Yingchun , Yue Ruiyong
Published: August 2022

In order to solve the problems of poor data processing ability of underwater hardware equipment and low accuracy of classification algorithms in the existing marine target recognition and detection methods based on sensors and transducers, by combining perception technology, underwater Internet of Things technology, and artificial intelligence, multiple devices could communicate with each other to achieve automatic and intelligent high-precision marine target recognition. Compared with existing methods, not only the accuracy rate is improved but also the hardware requirements are lower, and it is easier to deploy in engineering.
Exploring the Application and Optimization Strategy of the LMBP Algorithm in Supply Chain Performance Evaluation
Authors: Gu Fei
Published: August 2022

In recent years, with the emergence of new technologies, big data, artificial intelligence, and other technologies have had a greater impact on supply chain management. Among them, big data analysis capability, as one of the important capabilities that supply chain enterprises should have, has a particularly significant impact on supply chain resilience management. From the perspective of performance management, based on supply chain resilience theory, the relationship between the supply chain performance management level, supply chain collaboration, and other supply chain resilience elements, as well as big data analysis capability and supply chain performance can be analyzed to study the impact of big data analysis capability on supply chain performance of enterprises of different scales. The impact on the level of supply chain performance is being studied. This paper investigates the problem of supply chain performance evaluation and optimization based on the LMBP algorithm and provides some references for supply chain performance evaluation and optimization.
Construction of Virtual Piano Performance System Based on Visual Gesture Recognition
Authors: Tian Ke
Published: August 2022

In order for computers to understand people’s gestures through cameras and react accordingly, through in-depth research, gesture recognition technology in natural human-computer interaction is proposed. Combining natural human-computer interaction technology with music performance, using computer vision-based gestures, music is played in a virtual environment. Experiments show that the virtual piano has 14 piano keys. For the realization of piano performance, it is each piano key; once the piano key is greater than the set value, just call m_Wave.Load() to make a sound. According to the CWave class in the object-oriented MFC class library under VC++, create an object m_Wave of class CWave. Then, according to the m_Wave.Load() function of the CWave class, the connection of the sound is realized. It successfully solves the troubles of music lovers, enriches people’s spiritual life, and has certain practicability and scalability.
Phosphate Frustration: Treatment Options to Complement Current Therapies
Authors: Pergola Pablo E.
Published: August 2022

Hyperphosphatemia eventually develops in almost all patients with advanced chronic kidney disease and is associated with negative clinical outcomes. Thus, guidelines recommend targeting treatment to normal phosphate levels in patients with chronic kidney disease. Despite low phosphorus diets, clearance by dialysis, and phosphate binder use, many patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis are unable to consistently achieve and maintain serum phosphate concentrations <5.5 mg/dL. A chart audit of patients on dialysis receiving phosphate binders showed that 74 to 86% were unable to consistently achieve serum phosphate ≤5.5 mg/dL over 6 months. Furthermore, although there is evidence that serum phosphate concentrations <4.5 mg/dL are associated with improved survival and cardiovascular outcomes, real-world phosphate control data suggest achieving and maintaining this goal for most patients would be extremely challenging, if not near impossible, using current therapies. As phosphate binders can only remove approximately 300 mg of the 2,500 mg or more daily dietary phosphate intake, therapeutic innovations are necessary to improve phosphate management. We present treatment options to complement current therapies including tenapanor, a novel sodium/hydrogen exchanger isoform 3 inhibitor that blocks the dominant paracellular phosphate absorption pathway and has been shown to reduce phosphate levels in several clinical trials.
Association between Three Therapeutic Strategies and Clinical Outcomes of 2009 FIGO Stage IB2/IIA2 Cervical Cancer
Authors: Zhang Yong , Tang Xiaobi , Ma Shanshan , Shen Meizhu , Jiang Li , Yuan Wenchao , Wang Rensheng , Wu Fang
Published: August 2022

Objective. The aim of this study was to compare clinical outcomes of three therapeutic strategies in patients with stage IB2/IIA2 cervical cancer. Methods. This is a retrospective cohort study. Patients diagnosed with stage IB2/IIA2 cervical cancer between April 2010 and December 2015 at First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University were included and classed into three groups. The primary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). The secondary outcomes included toxicity, hospitalization costs, clinical value, and length of stay. Results. 206 patients were included: 104 used primary surgical treatment (PST), 53 used neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical surgery (NAC + RS), and 49 used concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). Fewer patients with NAC + RS had deep cervical stromal invasion than primary surgical treatment (PST) (

P
=
0.024

). 70.2% of PST and 77.4% in NAC + RS required postoperative radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy (

P
=
0.634

). Median follow-up was 57 months and the 3-year OS and PFS in PST, NAC + RS, and CCRT group were 87.5%, 84.9%, 85.7% and 85.6%, 79.2%, 85.7% (

P
=
0.856

and

P
=
0.424

, respectively). Three therapeutic strategies were not associated with OS and PFS. Hospitalization costs were significantly higher in NAC + RS compared to PST (

P
<
0.001

) and CCRT (

P
<
0.001

). Length of stay in NAC + RS was longer than PST (

P
<
0.001

) and CCRT group (

P
=
0.07

). Conclusion. The results of this study tend to suggest that the three therapeutic strategies were equivalent treatment options for patients with 2009 FIGO stage IB2/IIA2 cervical cancer. However, prospective larger studies are needed to confirm this. In addition, we did find that concurrent chemoradiotherapy needed shorter treatment time and less cost.
Key Technology of Wide-Area Backup Protection of Intelligent DC Power Networks Based on Fault Identification
Authors: Cui Chongyu , Li Zhaoxia , Wu Hongmei , Sun Xiaojia
Published: August 2022

As the size of the grid continues to grow, traditional backup protection is no longer sufficient to meet the needs of the grid in complex environments. The key to wide-area protection is the concept of making full use of the wide-area information measured in the grid to identify faults. This paper first describes the architecture of a wide-area defense team and then proposes a fault line detection algorithm based on normal fault assembly wide-area backup protection and a positive matrix based on spectral analysis. In the assembly-based positive sequence error discovery algorithm, the difference in the amount of fault judgment between line zone faults and out-of-zone faults is illustrated, and fault line detection criteria are given. In the algorithm based on random matrix spectrum analysis, the current error sequence of each pin of the circuit is copied, translated, and superimposed with noise, then the original random matrix is matrix transformed according to random matrix theory to obtain the fault identification matrix, and finally the average spectrum radius is calculated. Through the simulation of the IEEE10 machine 39-node standard test model, it is proved that the two algorithmic methods proposed in our article can accurately identify faulty lines under various fault conditions.
Changes in Serum CRP and PCT Levels in Patients with Acute Simple Lower Urinary Tract Infection and Evaluation of the Efficacy of Treatment with Shuangdong Capsules
Authors: Tang Yachun , Zhou Qun
Published: August 2022

Objective. The aim of this study is to investigate the changes and significance of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) levels in patients with acute simple lower urinary tract infection (ALUTI) and to analyze the efficacy of treatment with Shuangdong capsules, so as to provide a basis for the rational clinical application of drugs. Methods. 92 patients with ALUTI (observation group) were randomly divided into 46 cases each in group A and group B. Group A was treated with basic anti-infective drugs, while group B was treated with Shuangdong capsules, and the duration of treatment in both groups was 14 days. The curative effect of the two groups was analyzed, and the changes in serum PCT and CRP levels were compared before and after treatment and compared with 40 healthy people in the control group. Results. The serum PCT and CRP levels, the number of urinary leukocyte count (LEU), and the number of urinary bacterial count (BACT) were significantly higher in Group A and Group B than in the healthy control group before treatment (

P
<
0.05

). After treatment, the total clinical efficiency of patients in group B (97.83%) was significantly higher than that in group A (78.26%) (

P
<
0.05

). The serum PCT and CRP levels, the number of urinary LEU, and the number of urinary BACT decreased in both groups after treatment compared with those before treatment, and all of them were significantly lower in group B than in group A (

P
<
0.05

). The area under the curve (AUC) values of serum PCT and CRP levels for the diagnosis of acute simple lower urinary tract infection were 0.747 (95% CI 0.633–0.860) and 0.926 (95% CI 0.870∼0.982), both with high sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion. The Shuangdong capsule combined with conventional antibacterial drugs has better clinical efficacy in the treatment of acute simple lower urinary tract infection; serum CRP and PCT levels in patients with acute simple lower urinary tract infection can be used as indicators for diagnosis and efficacy determination of the infection.
Endoscopic Valve Therapy in COPD Patients with Hypercapnia
Authors: Roetting Matthias , Kriegsmann Katharina , Polke Markus , Polke Nilab , Kontogianni Konstantina , Eberhardt Ralf , Herth Felix J.F. , Gompelmann Daniela
Published: August 2022

Background: Endoscopic valve therapy has been established as a therapeutic option for patients with severe emphysema. Several randomized controlled trials confirmed the efficacy of this therapeutic approach in COPD patients without significant collateral ventilation. However, patients with clinical relevant hypercapnia were excluded from these trials. Aims and Objectives: Patients with hypercapnia who underwent endoscopic valve treatment were enrolled in this retrospective analysis. The efficacy of valve treatment and its impact on blood gases were analysed. Methods: COPD patients with mild to severe hypercapnia (pCO2 ≥45 mm Hg) who were treated by endoscopic valve placement at the Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, were enrolled in this retrospective trial. Lung function test (vital capacity [VC], forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV1], residual volume [RV]), blood gases (pO2, pCO2), and 6-minute-walk test (6-MWT) were assessed prior to intervention and at 3 and 6 months following valve implantation. Results: 129 patients (mean age 64 ± 7 years) with severe COPD (mean FEV1 26 ± 12% of predicted, mean RV 285 ± 22% of predicted) with hypercapnia (pCO2 ≥45 mm Hg, mean pCO2 50 ± 5 mm Hg) underwent endoscopic valve treatment. 3 and 6 months following intervention, statistical significant improvement was observed in VC, FEV1, RV, and 6-MWT (all p < 0.001). Blood gas analysis revealed a significant improvement of mean pCO2 at 3- and 6-month follow-up (both p < 0.001). 40% of the patients had normal pCO2 values 3 and 6 months following intervention. Conclusion: COPD patients with hypercapnia should not be excluded from valve treatment, as the hyperinflation reduction improves the respiratory mechanics and thus leading to improvement of hypercapnia.
Validity and Reliability of Two Digital Wound Measurement Tools after Surgery in Patients with Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Authors: Aarts Pim , van Huijstee Johanna C. , Ragamin Aviël , Reeves Joanne L. , van Montfrans Catherine , van der Zee Hessel H. , Prens Errol P.
Published: August 2022

Background: After excision surgery in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), wounds are usually left open for secondary intention healing. To evaluate wound healing, reliable wound measurement is important. However, digital wound measurement tools for measuring the surface area are validated for small wounds located on flat or mildly convex body surfaces in studies, often powered inadequately. Up until now, a validated digital measurement tool to accurately measure wounds on all body surfaces, including the intertriginous areas, was not available. Objectives: The aim of this study was to validate two digital wound measurement tools for the measurement of the surface area of larger and concave wounds, using surgical wounds in patients with HS. Methods: This prospective observational validation study included consecutive patients with HS undergoing excision surgery in the Department of Dermatology of the Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam. Wound measurements using a ruler, the tracing method, the inSight® 3-dimensional (3D) device, and the ImitoWound app were performed by three investigators. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for concurrent validity and the intra- and inter-rater reliability were analyzed. The standard error of measurement (SEm) and minimal detectable change were calculated, and Bland-Altman plots were constructed to determine the limits of agreement. Results: Twenty patients with a total of 52 wounds were included. The wounds had a mean surface of 18.7 cm2. The inSight® 3D device showed an ICC of 0.987 for concurrent validity, 0.998 for intra-rater reliability, and 0.997 for inter-rater reliability. The ICCs from the ImitoWound application were 0.974, 0.978, and 0.964 for concurrent validity, intra-rater reliability, and inter-rater reliability, respectively. The SEms for intra- and inter-rater reliability were 0.95 cm2 and 1.11 cm2 for the inSight® 3D device and 3.33 cm2 and 3.51 cm2 for the ImitoWound app, respectively. Conclusion: Both the inSight® 3D device and the ImitoWound app demonstrated excellent concurrent validity and reliability for the surface measurements of concave wound, enabling these tools to be used reliably in clinical research and daily practice. Furthermore, it paves the way for broader application, such as telemonitoring of wound care at home.
Inhaled Corticosteroids and Mycobacterial Infection in Patients with Chronic Airway Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: You Yajie , Ni Yingmeng , Shi Guochao
Published: August 2022

Background: Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) have been widely used in chronic airway diseases, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and bronchiectasis. However, whether ICS use causes mycobacterial infection is uncertain. Some conclusions of published studies were inconsistent. Objective: We aimed to investigate the association between the use of ICSs and mycobacterial infections in patients with chronic airway diseases. Methods: This review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021284607). We focused on examining the association between ICS use and mycobacterial infection (nontuberculous mycobacterial [NTM] infection as well as tuberculosis [TB]). We searched PubMed (MEDLINE), Sciencenet, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases for studies up to 2021 to retrieve articles. The enrollment conditions included gender, enrollment diagnosis and ICS use in chronic airway disease patients, and so on. Preclinical studies, review articles, editorials, reviews, conference abstracts, and book chapters were excluded. Methodologically, the study was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale, and Rev-man5 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Ten studies (including 4 NTM and 6 TB articles) with 517,556 patients met the inclusion criteria and were included in this meta-analysis. From the NTM pooled analyses, ICS use was associated with increased odds of NTM infection in patients with chronic airway diseases (odds ratio [OR] = 3.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.12–7.27), subgroup analysis showed that high-dose ICS use (OR = 2.27, 95% CI 2.08–2.48) and fluticasone use (OR = 2.42, 95% CI 2.23–2.63) were associated with increased odds of NTM infection risk in patients with chronic respiratory diseases. The TB pooled analyses showed a significant association between ICS use and risk of TB infection in patients with chronic respiratory diseases (OR = 2.01, 95% CI 1.23–3.29). Subgroup analysis showed that in chronic respiratory diseases, ICS use increased odds of TB infection in high-dose ICS use (OR = 1.70, 95% CI 1.56–1.86) and in COPD patients (OR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.29–1.63). Conclusion: Our meta-analysis indicated that ICS use may increase the odds of mycobacterial infection in chronic respiratory disease patients, and this conclusion is more applicable to patients with high dose of ICS or fluticasone in NTM infection subgroups. In addition, high-dose ICS use may have higher risk of TB infection in patients with chronic respiratory diseases, especially COPD. Therefore, we should be vigilant about the application of ICS use in chronic respiratory diseases to avoid infection.
Expansion of Phenotypically Altered Dendritic Cell Populations in the Small Airways and Alveolar Parenchyma in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Mori Michiko , Clausson Carl-Magnus , Sanden Caroline , Jönsson Jimmie , Andersson Cecilia K. , Siddhuraj Premkumar , Shikhagaie Medya , Åkesson Karolina , Bergqvist Anders , Löfdahl Claes-Göran , Erjefält Jonas S.
Published: August 2022

Contrasting the antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DCs) in the conducting airways, the alveolar DC populations in human lungs have remained poorly investigated. Consequently, little is known about how alveolar DCs are altered in diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study maps multiple tissue DC categories in the distal lung across COPD severities. Specifically, single-multiplex immunohistochemistry was applied to quantify langerin/CD207+, CD1a+, BDCA2+, and CD11c+ subsets in distal lung compartments from patients with COPD (GOLD stage I–IV) and never-smoking and smoking controls. In the alveolar parenchyma, increased numbers of CD1a+langerin− (p < 0.05) and BDCA-2+ DCs (p < 0.001) were observed in advanced COPD compared with controls. Alveolar CD11c+ DCs also increased in advanced COPD (p < 0.01). In small airways, langerin+ and BDCA-2+ DCs were also significantly increased. Contrasting the small airway DCs, most alveolar DC subsets frequently extended luminal protrusions. Importantly, alveolar and small airway langerin+ DCs in COPD lungs displayed site-specific marker profiles. Further, multiplex immunohistochemistry with single-cell quantification was used to specifically profile langerin DCs and reveal site-specific expression patterns of the maturation and activation markers S100, fascin, MHC2, and B7. Taken together, our results show that clinically advanced COPD is associated with increased levels of multiple alveolar DC populations exhibiting features of both adaptive and innate immunity phenotypes. This expansion is likely to contribute to the distal lung immunopathology in COPD patients.
Violencia estatal y movimientos sociales mapuche: pichikeche violentados, una rebelión incubada
Authors: Vásquez-Palma Olga Angélica , Alarón-Retamal Noemi , Torres-Morales Claudia , Llanquinao-Sandoval Isamar
Published: August 2022

(analítico)El Estado chileno ha ejercido violencia contra el pueblo mapuche por generaciones, promoviendo la construcción de imaginarios en pichikeche (niños y niñas), lo que impacta en la expresión política de los movimientos sociales. Para analizar dicho impacto se usó una metodología cualitativa con diseño etnográfico. Los datos se obtuvieron mediante observación participante, entrevistas y dibujos. Participaron pichikeche de 5 a 12 años de edad, pertenecientes a cinco familias mapuche, respaldados por loncos (dirigentes) de su comunidad. Los resultados muestran que los imaginarios de dolor e incomprensión frente a la violencia, racismo y crueldad por parte del Estado pueden promover la generación de movimientos sociales que incluyen respuestas similares en colectivos de personas que carecieron de estrategias para la contención y resignificación de tales eventos traumáticos. A esto se le denomina «rebelión incubada».
Palabras clave: Violencia; movimiento social; derechos humanos; infancia mapuche; Chile.
The Text Anonymization Benchmark (TAB): A Dedicated Corpus and Evaluation Framework for Text Anonymization
Authors: Pilán Ildikó , Lison Pierre , Øvrelid Lilja , Papadopoulou Anthi , Sánchez David , Batet Montserrat
Published: August 2022

We present a novel benchmark and associated evaluation metrics for assessing the performance of text anonymization methods. Text anonymization, defined as the task of editing a text document to prevent the disclosure of personal information, currently suffers from a shortage of privacy-oriented annotated text resources, making it difficult to properly evaluate the level of privacy protection offered by various anonymization methods. This paper presents TAB (Text Anonymization Benchmark), a new, open-source annotated corpus developed to address this shortage. The corpus comprises 1,268 English-language court cases from the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) enriched with comprehensive annotations about the personal information appearing in each document, including their semantic category, identifier type, confidential attributes, and co-reference relations. Compared with previous work, the TAB corpus is designed to go beyond traditional de-identification (which is limited to the detection of predefined semantic categories), and explicitly marks which text spans ought to be masked in order to conceal the identity of the person to be protected.

Along with presenting the corpus and its annotation layers, we also propose a set of evaluation metrics that are specifically tailored toward measuring the performance of text anonymization, both in terms of privacy protection and utility preservation. We illustrate the use of the benchmark and the proposed metrics by assessing the empirical performance of several baseline text anonymization models. The full corpus along with its privacy-oriented annotation guidelines, evaluation scripts, and baseline models are available on: https://github.com/NorskRegnesentral/text-anonymization-benchmark.
Hierarchical Interpretation of Neural Text Classification
Authors: Yan Hanqi , Gui Lin , He Yulan
Published: August 2022

Recent years have witnessed increasing interest in developing interpretable models in Natural Language Processing (NLP). Most existing models aim at identifying input features such as words or phrases important for model predictions. Neural models developed in NLP, however, often compose word semantics in a hierarchical manner. As such, interpretation by words or phrases only cannot faithfully explain model decisions in text classification. This article proposes a novel Hierarchical Interpretable Neural Text classifier, called HINT, which can automatically generate explanations of model predictions in the form of label-associated topics in a hierarchical manner. Model interpretation is no longer at the word level, but built on topics as the basic semantic unit. Experimental results on both review datasets and news datasets show that our proposed approach achieves text classification results on par with existing state-of-the-art text classifiers, and generates interpretations more faithful to model predictions and better understood by humans than other interpretable neural text classifiers.1
Introduction: Special Issue on the Twelfth-Century Logical Schools
Authors: Marenbon John , Hansen Heine
Published: August 2022

This special issue grew out of a small conference The Known & the Unknown: Exploring Twelfth-Century Philosophy, which was funded by the Carlsberg Foundation, hosted by the Saxo Institute, and held at the University of Copenhagen in April 2018. Its central topic was the many, mostly unexplored, commentaries on Aristotle, Boethius, and Porphyry that constitute the key textual evidence for a fascinating phenomenon that, although it played a pivotal role in the philosophical revival of Western Europe, remains frustratingly underexplored to this day: the logical schools of the twelfth century. The present introduction has two parts. In the first part, John Marenbon lays out the background to this special issue of Vivarium as a whole, explaining both what the philosophical project pursued by twelfth-century logicians was and how, and how far, the historical project of understanding it has progressed over the last two hundred years. In the second part, Heine Hansen briefly presents the issue and its contents.
The De re–De dicto Distinction
Authors: Binini Irene
Published: August 2022

The identification of two possible readings – de re and de dicto – of modal claims is considered one of the greatest achievements of Abelard’s logic. In the Dialectica and the Logica “Ingredientibus,” Abelard uses this distinction as a basis for his modal semantics and theory of modalities. Rather than focusing on Abelard’s own theory, the aim of this article is to pay attention to a number of sources that – like Abelard’s logical works – are datable to the first decades of the twelfth century, to investigate whether the de re–de dicto distinction was already adopted and debated in them. It argues that, even if there is no systematic theorization of the distinction in these sources, Abelard’s contemporaries put forward a number of questions concerning the syntax and the signification of modal claims that contributed to set the stage for the distinction’s identification and later development.
Statistical Innovation in the Global South
Authors: Villacis Byron , Thiel Alena , Capistrano Daniel , Carvalho da Silva Christyne
Published: August 2022

This article proposes a comparative socio-economic history of quantification in Ecuador, Brazil, Ghana and Sierra Leone. It narrows in on censuses in the Global South as sites of methodological and infrastructural innovation in the context of global circulations of model population data systems, methodological standards, and material infrastructures. Specifically, the authors ask which arrangements of actors, norms and settings are involved in the reception, translation and adaptation of statistical innovation and how uneven relations and compositions of power between and within these fields shape the process of transmission. Distilling from their explorative, hermeneutic approach, the authors explore the mechanisms that link variously positioned political fields (Bourdieu, 1985) in the production and implementation of statistical innovation in the Global South. Four mechanisms are identified that shape statistical innovation as process of reception of globally circulating models and ideas as well as their adaptations into specific fields, all of which have differentiated effects and play under certain conditions in parallel or combined ways: 1) interventionist impulses from international organizations, 2) commercial and institutional brokerage, 3) initiatives from local professional communities, and 4) effects of political instabilities.
Wealth and Wisdom in Yannai’s Palace: Was there a Persian Connection?
Authors: Amit Aaron
Published: August 2022

This article examines a dramatic story describing a conflict between King Yannai and Shimon ben Shetaḥ involving Nazarites, wealth and wisdom. The most original version of the story in rabbinic literature is preserved in Genesis Rabbah parashah 91. Previously, scholars argued for connections between this narrative and Second Temple realia. However, careful philological examination of all the parallel sources of the narrative yields no such connection. My analysis repudiates one of the major conclusions of scholarship on the story: the consensus that the earliest version of the story records a meeting between King Yannai and a Persian delegation. By revealing the original meaning of a hapax legomenon in the text of Genesis Rabbah (קלי פרסאין), which I argue is derived from the Greek, I establish there was no mention of Persians in the original tradition.
The Purpose and Practice of Divorce in Sasanian and Post-Sasanian Texts
Authors: Shayeste Doust Amin , Cereti Carlo Giovanni
Published: August 2022

Many scholarly works aim to identify and explain the continued survival of pre-Islamic social phenomena and institutions deep into the Islamic age. To understand the historical roots of Iranian social issues more profoundly and accurately, it seems necessary to examine the social structure and institutions of the Sasanian era. Such a study enables us to trace their subsequent development and identify the ways in which they transformed. This paper attempts to clarify the purpose and practice of divorce in late Antique Iran, by reconstructing the rationale for and procedure of divorce in Sasanian society based on extant legal cases using a socio-historical approach. It also tries to show the different types of divorce in Sasanian and post-Sasanian sources, emphasizing the controversy and contradictions among Zoroastrian jurisconsults and legal texts to identify different legally-sanctioned perspectives regarding divorce.
Greek Personal Names and the Question of Personal Identification in the Late Ottoman Empire: a Social Historical Approach
Authors: Ozil Ayşe
Published: August 2022

The Ottoman state, Greek communal authorities and Greek individuals used various forms and renditions of Greek personal names across imperial and communal spaces, sometimes simultaneously. Based on how these names were written in Ottoman and Greek documentation, this article focuses on the implications of the variations in personal names to explore Greek personal identification in the late Ottoman Empire. Concentrating on Istanbul and its environs in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the article is concerned with one of the results of increasing literacy and formal education, the growing dominance of modern bureaucracies and efforts for national linguistic formalization. It examines the Ottoman usage of colloquial Greek, practices of linguistic standardization by Greek administrative/literate circles and the intersection of the two practices. The article demonstrates how variations in personal names reflected and also contributed to the shaping of a multiplicity of forms of personal identification for Ottoman Greeks.
Competing constructions construct complementary niches
Authors: Zehentner Eva
Published: August 2022

This paper traces the history of the English dative alternation by means of a quantitative analysis of instances of both the nominal and the prepositional construction in a corpus of Middle English (PPCME2), and compares the results to Wolk et al.’s (2013) data set from ARCHER. I show that the factors impacting the choice of one pattern over the other are subject to change over time: construction choice in Middle English is not straightforwardly predictable by the same factors at play in today’s alternation, but a clearer division based on syntactic semantic-pragmatic variables gradually emerges in the course to Late Modern English. I interpret this development as a prime case of competition, with a focus on (a) the initial emergence of functional overlap and thus competition, and (b) the subsequent creation of “functional niches” of the competing constructions.
An updated checklist of seaweeds and seagrasses from the Syrian Mediterranean Sea coast
Authors: Einav Rachel , Israel Álvaro
Published: August 2022

In the last two decades, major taxonomic modifications have taken place on marine macroalgae with important changes at the genera level and discovery of cryptic species worldwide. These updates have an important role by serving as a baseline for future ecological interpretations related to on-going climate changes in the marine environment. Hence, this study aimed to elaborate a comprehensive and revised checklist of seaweeds and seagrasses reported in the literature over the years for Syrian Mediterranean Sea shorelines. It was found that the marine flora is quite diverse with a recounted total of 290 species of which 52 are Chlorophyta, 178 Rhodophyta and 60 Ochrophyta (Phaeophyceae). The Syrian shores also host five marine angiosperms (seagrasses), even though Zostera marina Linnaeus has been unaccounted for in recent years. This study will further contribute to a better understanding of seaweed distribution within the Levant basin.
Paul and the Others
Authors: van der Vliet Jacques
Published: August 2022

This article proposes a reassessment of the Gnostic Apocalypse of Paul by focusing on genre, intertextuality, and structure as well as recurrent motifs. It argues that the Apocalypse situates the mission of Paul negatively in relation to a prison-like cosmos and positively in relation to the twelve apostles and that its form and objectives are best compatible with a fourth-century date.
The Classical Parthenon
Authors: St Clair William
Published: August 2022

Complementing Who Saved the Parthenon? this companion volume sets aside more recent narratives surrounding the Athenian Acropolis, supposedly ‘the very symbol of democracy itself’, instead asking if we can truly access an ancient past imputed with modern meaning. And, if so, how?

In this book William St Clair presents a reconstructed understanding of the Parthenon from within the classical Athenian worldview. He explores its role and meaning by weaving together a range of textual and visual sources into two innovative oratorical experiments – a speech in the style of Thucydides and a first-century CE rhetorical exercise – which are used to develop a narrative analysis of the temple structure, revealing a strange story of indigeneity, origins, and empire.

The Classical Parthenon offers new answers to old questions, such as the riddle of the Parthenon frieze, and provides a framing device for the wider relationship between visual artefacts, built heritage, and layers of accumulated cultural rhetoric. This groundbreaking and pertinent work will appeal across the disciplines to readers interested in the classics, art history, and the nature of history, while also speaking to a general audience that is interrogating the role of monuments in contemporary society.
Relational Risk: How Relationships Shape Personal Assessments of Risk and Mitigation
Authors: Urena Anthony
Published: August 2022

Objects of risk mitigation are typically viewed as neutral items that limit exposure to an established hazard. However, people may refuse to adopt such tools, even when they feel vulnerable. This article explores how people assess their personal risk and mitigation options by examining PrEP use for HIV prevention. Drawing on semi-structured in-depth interviews with 40 Black and Latino gay, bisexual, and queer men, I argue PrEP uptake is a socially contextualized decision influenced by relational concerns. I develop the concept of relational inoculation, wherein individuals enact a sense of protection against harm through relational work. As individuals consider PrEP, they also contemplate how it may bolster or undermine intimacy they value for reducing interpersonal HIV exposure, as well as dispelling stigmatized notions of riskiness held by their intersecting ethno-racial and sexual minority communities. I develop testable propositions about how respondents’ HIV risk assessments and PrEP use are enmeshed in a societal context of surveillance, in ongoing relations with intimate partners and socially significant others, and in navigation of community belonging within this milieu of risk. This article contributes to sociological research at the nexus of race, sexuality, and health, and offers health policy insight.
Palato-Pharyngo-Laryngeal Rhythmic Myoclonus in Neuro-Behcet Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Kothari Dhruv Shreedhar , Tanenbaum Zachary G. , Abdel-Wahed Lama , Cho Tracey A. , Hoffman Henry T.
Published: August 2022

Objective:

Behcet’s syndrome (BS) is a chronic, relapsing multisystemic inflammatory perivasculitis and can affect any tissue, including the nervous system. Neuro-Behcet’s syndrome (NBS) most commonly affects the CNS parenchyma and presents with a subacute brainstem syndrome that includes cranial neuropathies. Here we describe a rare case of palato-pharyngo-laryngeal myoclonus as a manifestation of NBS and discuss it from a laryngology perspective.

Methods:

Case report at tertiary care center. Informed consent was obtained from patient. IRB approved as non-human subjects research.

Results:

A 52-year-old male presented with a progressive history of ataxia, fatigue, apathy, dysphagia, depressed mood, dizziness, poor appetite, subjective fever and recurrent orogenital lesions. He was diagnosed with NBS and treated with methylprednisolone, followed by infliximab and methotrexate. Despite treatment, his severe spastic dysarthria, dysphagia, and aspiration worsened over the next few months, necessitating a gastrotomy tube. With concern for laryngospasm, he was referred to otolaryngology and found to have synchronous and symmetric palatal, pharyngeal, and laryngeal rhythmic myoclonus bilaterally at a frequency of 2 Hz with inappropriate vocal cord closure. Treatment with baclofen and a scopolamine patch improved his breathing and reduced choking events.

Conclusions:

Palato-pharyngo-laryngeal rhythmic myoclonus can be a presentation of brainstem NBS in the otolaryngology clinic. We theorize perivascular disease in NBS results in a brainstem lesion in the denato-rubro-olivary tract, which results in hypertrophic olivary degeneration and subsequent activation of the inferior olives oscillatory activity, causing palato-pharyngo-laryngeal rhythmic myoclonus. Common symptoms include significant dysarthria, dysphonia, and dysphagia with concern for obstructive sleep apnea and airway compromise. Treatments include pharmacologic therapy, laryngeal botox, and tracheostomy in cases of significant airway compromise.
An improved particle swarm optimization using long short-term memory model for positioning control of a coplanar XXY stage
Authors: Huang Yi-Cheng , Ma Ming-You
Published: August 2022

This paper presents XXY stage alignment with an image feedback system consisting of two charge-coupled devices (CCDs) and a proportional–integral–derivative (PID) image servo system tuned by particle swarm optimization (PSO). The initial stop values for the PSO algorithm often cause problems in calculation. A long short-term memory (LSTM) deep learning model can identify long-term dependences and sequential model data. Using LSTM to improve the PSO algorithm for searching best fitness value. LSTM predicts the fitness value of PSO, eliminating the need to preassess fitness, value, and uses the predicted fitness value to adjust the inertia weights of PSO adaptively. This allows the PSO search to be terminated in an early stage and reduces the time required for the search. Proposed method was applied to a visual servo system consisting of two CCD cameras and a personal computer–based PID controller for XXY stage motion. The experimental results indicate that LSTM can reduce the time required for PSO fitness search for controlling XXY stage motion under different conditions successfully. Through the training of the LSTM model, the stage positioning error and time of finding optimal control parameters for a coplanar XXY stage can reduced significantly for in-line inspection processes.
It’s the Effort That Counts: The Effect of Self-Control on Goal Progress Perceptions
Authors: Rafieian Hoori , Sharif Marissa A.
Published: August 2022

Does the amount of self-control consumers must exert to choose a goal-consistent action influence their perceptions of goal progress? For example, if you choose to go to the gym when one of your favorite TV shows is on (vs. when nothing interesting is on TV), do you perceive that you have made a differential amount of progress toward your goal, despite completing the exact same workout? In eight studies (N = 7,515), the authors demonstrate that consumers perceive that they have made more progress on their goals when more (vs. less) self-control is required to choose to complete an identical goal-consistent task. This is because when consumers exert more (vs. less) self-control to choose a goal-consistent task over the goal-inconsistent alternatives, they infer higher commitment to the goal. The higher inferred commitment, in turn, leads consumers to perceive that future goal pursuit will be easier. The authors demonstrate this effect across a variety of tasks and means of exerting self-control, as well as with both hypothetical scenarios and real-behavior studies.