bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acculturative Stress among Arab Students in Israel: The Roles of Sense of Coherence and Coping Strategies
Authors: Abu-Kaf Sarah , Khalaf Enas
Published: July 2020

Background: In Israeli colleges and universities, many Arab students experience acculturative stress. Such stress arises from the need to learn new cultural rules, manage the overarching conflict inherent in maintaining elements of their culture of origin (i.e., Arab culture) while incorporating elements of the host culture (i.e., Jewish academic culture), and deal with experiences of prejudice and discrimination present in the host culture. Methods: This study investigated the association between acculturative stress and depressive symptoms among 170 Arab undergraduates from northern and central Israel. It also explored the roles of sense of coherence and coping strategies in the relationship between acculturative stress and depressive symptoms. Participants completed questionnaires on acculturative stress, depressive symptoms, sense of coherence, coping strategies, and demographics. Results: The findings reveal gender differences in the use of different coping strategies and in levels of depressive symptoms. However, academic-year differences were found only in levels of sense of coherence and depressive symptoms. Specifically, female students expressed higher levels of both active and avoidant coping. Moreover, female students and those in their first and second years of university studies reported higher levels of depressive symptoms. Among the male students, acculturative stress was related to depressive symptoms indirectly via sense of coherence and active coping. In contrast, among the female students, acculturative stress was related to depressive symptoms both directly and indirectly via sense of coherence and avoidant coping. Among first- and second-year students, acculturative stress was related to depressive symptoms indirectly via sense of coherence and avoidant coping. However, among third- and fourth-year students, acculturative stress was related to depressive symptoms both directly and indirectly via sense of coherence. Conclusions: This article underscores the significance of gender and academic-year differences in pathways involving acculturative stress.
Modelling the Transference of Trace Elements between Environmental Compartments in Abandoned Mining Areas
Authors: Barrio-Parra Fernando , Izquierdo-Díaz Miguel , Fernández-Gutiérrez del Álamo Luis Jesús , Biosca Bárbara , De Miguel Eduardo
Published: July 2020

An openly accessible cellular automaton has been developed to predict the preferential migration pathways of contaminants by surface runoff in abandoned mining areas. The site where the validation of the results of the Contaminant Mass Transfer Cellular Automaton (CMTCA) has been carried out is situated on the steep flank of a valley in the Spanish northwestern region of Asturias, at the foot of which there is a village with 400 inhabitants, bordered by a stream that flows into a larger river just outside the village. Soil samples were collected from the steep valley flank where the mine adits and spoil heaps are situated, at the foot of the valley, and in the village, including private orchards. Water and sediment samples were also collected from both surface water courses. The concentration of 12 elements, including those associated with the Cu-Co-Ni ore, were analyzed by ICP-OES (Perkin Elmer Optima 3300DV, Waltham, MA, USA) and ICP-MS (Perkin Elmer NexION 2000, Waltham, MA, USA). The spatial representation of the model’s results revealed that those areas most likely to be crossed by soil material coming from source zones according to the CMTCA exhibited higher pollution indexes than the rest. The model also predicted where the probabilities of soil mass transfer into the stream were highest. The accuracy of this prediction was corroborated by the results of trace element concentrations in stream sediments, which, for elements associated with the mineral paragenesis (i.e., Cu, Co, Ni, and also As), increased between five- and nine-fold downstream from the predicted main transfer point. Lastly, the river into which the stream discharges is also affected by the mobilization of mined materials, as evidenced by an increase of up to 700% (in the case of Cu), between dissolved concentrations of those same elements upstream and downstream of the confluence of the river and the stream.
Long-Term Exposure to Urban Particulate Matter on the Ocular Surface and the Incidence of Deleterious Changes in the Cornea, Conjunctiva and Retina in Rats
Authors: Kang Wan Seok , Choi Hakjoon , Jang Goeun , Lee Ki Hoon , Kim Eun , Kim Kyeong Jo , Jeong Gil-Yeon , Kim Jin Seok , Na Chang-Su , Kim Sunoh
Published: July 2020

We investigated the time-dependent deleterious ocular changes induced by urban particulate matter (UPM) in vitro and in vivo. UPM treatment decreased human corneal epithelial cell migration and survival. Fluorescein scores were consistently increased by UPM application for 16 weeks. One week of rest at 2 or 4 weeks led to a recovery trend, whereas two weeks of rest at 8 weeks induced no change. UPM treatment decreased the tear film break-up time at 2 weeks, which was thereafter maintained until 16 weeks. No changes were found after periods of rest. UPM-treated eyes exhibited greater corneal epithelium thickness than normal eyes at 2 weeks, which recovered to normal at 4 and 8 weeks and was significantly decreased at 16 weeks. Apoptotic cell number in the epithelium was increased at 2 weeks, which remained constant except at 8 weeks. IL-6 expression in the cornea of the right eye continually increased for 16 weeks, and significant recovery was only observed at 8 weeks after 2 weeks of rest. Ocular pressure was significantly increased in the right eye at 12 and 16 weeks. Topical UPM application to the eye induced deleterious changes to various closely related parts of the eye.
Modulation of MicroRNAs as a Potential Molecular Mechanism Involved in the Beneficial Actions of Physical Exercise in Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Improta-Caria Alex Cleber , Nonaka Carolina Kymie Vasques , Cavalcante Bruno Raphael Ribeiro , De Sousa Ricardo Augusto Leoni , Aras Júnior Roque , Souza Bruno Solano de Freitas
Published: July 2020

Alzheimer disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, affecting middle-aged and elderly individuals worldwide. AD pathophysiology involves the accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, along with chronic neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Physical exercise (PE) is a beneficial non-pharmacological strategy and has been described as an ally to combat cognitive decline in individuals with AD. However, the molecular mechanisms that govern the beneficial adaptations induced by PE in AD are not fully elucidated. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, inhibiting or degrading their target mRNAs. MicroRNAs are involved in physiological processes that govern normal brain function and deregulated microRNA profiles are associated with the development and progression of AD. It is also known that PE changes microRNA expression profile in the circulation and in target tissues and organs. Thus, this review aimed to identify the role of deregulated microRNAs in the pathophysiology of AD and explore the possible role of the modulation of microRNAs as a molecular mechanism involved in the beneficial actions of PE in AD.
The Potential of Insects as Alternative Sources of Chitin: An Overview on the Chemical Method of Extraction from Various Sources
Authors: Zainol Abidin Nurul Alyani , Kormin Faridah , Zainol Abidin Nurul Akhma , Mohamed Anuar Nor Aini Fatihah , Abu Bakar Mohd Fadzelly
Published: July 2020

Chitin, being the second most abundant biopolymer after cellulose, has been gaining popularity since its initial discovery by Braconot in 1811. However, fundamental knowledge and literature on chitin and its derivatives from insects are difficult to obtain. The most common and sought-after sources of chitin are shellfish (especially crustaceans) and other aquatic invertebrates. The amount of shellfish available is obviously restricted by the amount of food waste that is allowed; hence, it is a limited resource. Therefore, insects are the best choices since, out of 1.3 million species in the world, 900,000 are insects, making them the most abundant species in the world. In this review, a total of 82 samples from shellfish—crustaceans and mollusks (n = 46), insects (n = 23), and others (n = 13)—have been collected and studied for their chemical extraction of chitin and its derivatives. The aim of this paper is to review the extraction method of chitin and chitosan for a comparison of the optimal demineralization and deproteinization processes, with a consideration of insects as alternative sources of chitin. The methods employed in this review are based on comprehensive bibliographic research. Based on previous data, the chitin and chitosan contents of insects in past studies favorably compare and compete with those of commercial chitin and chitosan—for example, 45% in Bombyx eri, 36.6% in Periostracum cicadae (cicada sloughs), and 26.2% in Chyrysomya megacephala. Therefore, according to the data reported by previous researchers, demonstrating comparable yield values to those of crustacean chitin and the great interest in insects as alternative sources, efforts towards comprehensive knowledge in this field are relevant.
Cationic Pillar[6]arene Induces Cell Apoptosis by Inhibiting Protein Tyrosine Phosphorylation Via Host–Guest Recognition
Authors: Li Can-Peng , Lu Yu-Xun , Zi Cheng-Ting , Zhao Yu-Ting , Zhao Hui , Zhang Ya-Ping
Published: July 2020

We reported for the first time that cationic pillar[6]arene (cPA6) could tightly bind to peptide polymer (MW~20–50 kDa), an artificial substrate for tyrosine (Tyr) phosphorylation, and efficiently inhibit Tyr protein phosphorylation through host–guest recognition. We synthesized a nanocomposite of black phosphorus nanosheets loaded with cPA6 (BPNS@cPA6) to explore the effect of cPA6 on cells. BPNS@cPA6 was able to enter HepG2 cells, induced apoptosis, and inhibited cell proliferation by reducing the level of Tyr phosphorylation. Furthermore, BPNS@cPA6 showed a stronger ability of inhibiting cell proliferation in tumor cells than in normal cells. Our results revealed the supramolecular modulation of enzymatic Tyr phosphorylation by the host–guest recognition of cPA6.
Analytical and Structural Studies for the Investigation of Oxidative Stress in Guanine Oligonucleotides
Authors: Ferenc Györgyi , Váradi Zoltán , Kupihár Zoltán , Paragi Gábor , Kovács Lajos
Published: July 2020

DNA damage plays a decisive role in epigenetic effects. The detection and analysis of DNA damages, like the most common change of guanine (G) to 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (OG), is a key factor in cancer research. It is especially true for G quadruplex structure (GQ), which is one of the best-known examples of a non-canonical DNA arrangement. In the present work, we provided an overview on analytical methods in connection with the detection of OG in oligonucleotides with GQ-forming capacity. Focusing on the last five years, novel electrochemical tools, like dedicated electrodes, were overviewed, as well as different optical methods (fluorometric assays, resonance light scattering or UV radiation) along with hyphenated detection and structural analysis methods (CD, NMR, melting temperature analysis and nanopore detection) were also applied for OG detection. Additionally, GQ-related computational simulations were also summarized. All these results emphasize that OG detection and the analysis of the effect of its presence in higher ordered structures like GQ is still a state-of-the-art research line with continuously increasing interest.
Regulation of ABA-Non-Activated SNF1-Related Protein Kinase 2 Signaling Pathways by Phosphatidic Acid
Authors: Klimecka Maria , Bucholc Maria , Maszkowska Justyna , Krzywińska Ewa , Goch Grażyna , Lichocka Małgorzata , Szczegielniak Jadwiga , Dobrowolska Grażyna
Published: July 2020

Phosphatidic acid (PA) is involved in the regulation of plant growth and development, as well as responses to various environmental stimuli. Several PA targets in plant cells were identified, including two SNF1-related protein kinases 2 (SnRK2s), SnRK2.10 and SnRK2.4, which are not activated by abscisic acid (ABA). Here, we investigated the effects of PA on various elements of ABA-non-activated SnRK2 signaling. PA 16:0/18:1 was found to modulate the SnRK2 structure and the phosphorylation of some SnRK2 targets. Conversely, phosphorylation by the ABA-non-activated SnRK2s, of one of such targets, dehydrin Early Responsive to Dehydration 14 (ERD14), affects its interaction with PA and subcellular localization. Moreover, PA 16:0/18:1 modulates the activity and/or localization of negative regulators of the ABA-non-activated SnRK2s, not only of the ABA insensitive 1 (ABI1) phosphatase, which was identified earlier, but also of another protein phosphatase 2C, PP2CA. The activity of both phosphatases was inhibited by about 50% in the presence of 50 μM PA. PA 16:0/18:1 also impacts the phosphorylation and subcellular localization of SnRK2-interacting calcium sensor, known to inhibit SnRK2 activity in a calcium-dependent manner. Thus, PA was found to regulate ABA-non-activated SnRK2 signaling at several levels: the activity, phosphorylation status and/or localization of SnRK2 cellular partners.
Low-Dose Radiation Exposure with 56MnO2 Powder Changes Gene Expressions in the Testes and the Prostate in Rats
Authors: Fujimoto Nariaki , Amantayeva Gaukhar , Chaizhunussova Nailya , Shabdarbayeva Dariya , Abishev Zhaslan , Ruslanova Bakhyt , Zhunussov Yersin , Azhimkhanov Almas , Zhumadilov Kassym , Petukhov Aleksey , Stepanenko Valeriy , Hoshi Masaharu
Published: July 2020

To investigate the biological effects of internal exposure of radioactive 56MnO2 powder, the major radioisotope dust in the soil after atomic bomb explosions, on male reproductive function, the gene expression of the testes and the prostate was examined. Ten-week-old male Wistar rats were exposed to three doses of radioactive 56MnO2 powder (41–100 mGy in whole body doses), stable MnO2 powder, or external 60Co γ-rays (2 Gy). Animals were necropsied on Days 3 and 61 postexposure. The mRNA expressions of testicular marker protein genes and prostatic secretory protein genes were quantified by Q-RT-PCR. On Day 3 postexposure, the testicular gene expressions of steroidogenesis-related enzymes, Cyp17a1 and Hsd3b1, decreased in 56MnO2-exposed groups. Germ cell-specific Spag4 and Zpbp mRNA levels were also reduced. On postexposure Day 61, the Cyp11a1 gene expression became significantly reduced in the testes in the group exposed to the highest dose of 56MnO2, while another steroidogenesis-related StAR gene mRNA level reduced in the 60Co γ-rays group. There were no differences in Spag4 and Zpbp mRNA levels among groups on Day 61. No histopathological changes were observed in the testes in any group following exposure. Expression in the prostatic protein genes, including CRP1, KS3, and PSP94, significantly decreased in 56MnO2-exposed groups as well as in the 60Co γ-rays group on Day 61 postexposure. These data suggest that the internal exposure to 56MnO2 powder, at doses of less than 100 mGy, affected the gene expressions in the testis and the prostate, while 2 Gy of external γ-irradiation was less effective.
LY75 Suppression in Mesenchymal Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Cells Generates a Stable Hybrid EOC Cellular Phenotype, Associated with Enhanced Tumor Initiation, Spreading and Resistance to Treatment in Orthotopic Xenograft Mouse Model
Authors: Mehdi Sadia , Macdonald Elizabeth , Galpin Kristianne , Landry David A. , Rodriguez Galaxia , Vanderhyden Barbara , Bachvarov Dimcho
Published: July 2020

The implications of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) mechanisms in the initiation and progression of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remain poorly understood. We have previously shown that suppression of the antigen receptor LY75 directs mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET) in EOC cell lines with the mesenchymal phenotype, associated with the loss of Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity. In the present study, we used the LY75-mediated modulation of EMT in EOC cells as a model in order to investigate in vivo the specific role of EOC cells, with an epithelial (E), mesenchymal (M) or mixed epithelial plus mesenchymal (E+M) phenotype, in EOC initiation, dissemination and treatment response, following intra-bursal (IB) injections of SKOV3-M (control), SKOV3-E (Ly75KD) and a mixed population of SKOV3-E+M cells, into severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. We found that the IB-injected SKOV3-E cells displayed considerably higher metastatic potential and resistance to treatment as compared to the SKOV3-M cells, due to the acquisition of a Ly75KD-mediated hybrid phenotype and stemness characteristics. We also confirmed in vivo that the LY75 depletion directs suppression of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in EOC cells, suggestive of a protective role of this pathway in EOC etiology. Moreover, our data raise concerns regarding the use of LY75-targeted vaccines for dendritic-cell EOC immunotherapy, due to the possible occurrence of undesirable side effects.
Cytokine-Mediated Dysregulation of Signaling Pathways in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Akhtar Sabah , Ali Tayyiba A. , Faiyaz Ammara , Khan Omar S. , Raza Syed Shadab , Kulinski Michal , Omri Halima El , Bhat Ajaz A. , Uddin Shahab
Published: July 2020

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic disorder of B lymphocytes characterized by the accumulation of malignant plasma cells (PCs) in the bone marrow. The altered plasma cells overproduce abnormal monoclonal immunoglobulins and also stimulate osteoclasts. The host’s immune system and microenvironment are of paramount importance in the growth of PCs and, thus, in the pathogenesis of the disease. The interaction of MM cells with the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment through soluble factors and cell adhesion molecules causes pathogenesis of the disease through activation of multiple signaling pathways, including NF-κβ, PI3K/AKT and JAK/STAT. These activated pathways play a critical role in the inhibition of apoptosis, sustained proliferation, survival and migration of MM cells. Besides, these pathways also participate in developing resistance against the chemotherapeutic drugs in MM. The imbalance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in MM leads to an increased level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which in turn play a significant role in dysregulation of signaling pathways and proliferation of MM cells; however, the association appears to be inadequate and needs more research. In this review, we are highlighting the recent findings on the roles of various cytokines and growth factors in the pathogenesis of MM and the potential therapeutic utility of aberrantly activated signaling pathways to manage the MM disease.
Increasing Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Candida haemulonii Species Complex among All Yeast Cultures Collected by a Reference Laboratory over the Past 11 Years
Authors: Lima Soraia Lopes , Francisco Elaine Cristina , de Almeida Júnior João Nóbrega , Santos Daniel Wagner de Castro Lima , Carlesse Fabiane , Queiroz-Telles Flávio , Melo Analy Salles de Azevedo , Colombo Arnaldo Lopes
Published: July 2020

There is worldwide concern with the increasing rates of infections due to multiresistant Candida isolates reported in tertiary medical centers. We checked for historical trends in terms of prevalence rates and antifungal susceptibility of the Candida haemulonii species complex in our yeast stock culture collected during the last 11 years. The isolates were identified by sequencing the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, and antifungal susceptibility tests for amphotericin B, voriconazole, fluconazole, anidulafungin, and 5-fluorocytosine were performed by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) microbroth method. A total of 49 isolates were identified as Candida haemulonii sensu stricto (n = 21), followed by C. haemulonii var. vulnera (n = 15) and C. duobushaemulonii (n = 13), including 38 isolates cultured from patients with deep-seated Candida infections. The prevalence of the C. haemulonii species complex increased from 0.9% (18 isolates among 1931) in the first period (December 2008 to June 2013) to 1.7% (31 isolates among 1868) in the second period (July 2014 to December 2019) of analysis (p = 0.047). All isolates tested exhibited high minimum inhibition concentrations for amphotericin B and fluconazole, but they remained susceptible to 5-fluorocytosine and anidulafungin. We were able to demonstrate the increased isolation of the multiresistant Candida haemulonii species complex in our culture collection, where most isolates were cultured from patients with deep-seated infections.
Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) Ashes as Construction Materials—A Review
Authors: Cho Byoung Hooi , Nam Boo Hyun , An Jinwoo , Youn Heejung
Published: July 2020

Over the past decades, extensive studies on municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) ashes have been performed to develop more effective recycling and waste management programs. Despite the large amount of research activities and the resulting improvements to MSWI ashes, the recycling programs for MSWI ashes are limited. For instance, although the U.S. generates more MSWI ashes than any other country in the world, its reuse/recycle programs are limited; bottom ash and fly ash are combined and disposed of in landfills. Reuse of MSWI ashes in the construction sectors (i.e., geomaterials, asphalt paving, and concrete products) as replacements for raw materials is one of most promising options because of the large consumption and relatively lenient environmental criteria. The main objective of this study was to comprehensively review MSWI ashes with regard to specific engineering properties and their performance as construction materials. The focus was on (1) the current practices of MSWI ash management (in particular, a comparison between European countries and the U.S.), (2) the engineering properties and performance of ashes when they are used as substitutes of construction materials and for field applications, and (3) the environmental properties and criteria for the use of MSWI ashes. Overall, the asphalt and concrete applications are the most promising, from both the mechanical and leachate viewpoints. However, cons were also observed: high absorption of MSWI ash requires a high asphalt binder content in hot-mix asphalt, and metallic elements in the ash may generate H2 gas in the high-pH environment of the concrete. These side effects can be predicted via material characterization (i.e., chemical and physical), and accordingly, proper treatment and/or modified mix proportioning can be performed prior to use.
New Nanofibers Based on Protein By-Products with Bioactive Potential for Tissue Engineering
Authors: Râpă Maria , Gaidău Carmen , Stefan Laura Mihaela , Matei Ecaterina , Niculescu Mihaela , Berechet Mariana Daniela , Stanca Maria , Tablet Cristina , Tudorache Mădălina , Gavrilă Raluca , Predescu Cristian , Vidu Ruxandra
Published: July 2020

Concentrated collagen hydrolysate (HC10CC), rabbit collagen glue (RCG), and keratin hydrolysate (KH) were investigated in terms of their extraction from mammalian by-products and processing by electrospinning. The electrospun nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy coupled with the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and indentation tests. The cytotoxicity of the electrospun nanofibers was conducted on L929 fibroblast cells using MTT and LDH assays and cell morphology observations. The electrospun RCG and KH nanofibers morphology showed an average size of nanofibers ranging between 44 and 410 nm, while the electrospun HC10CC nanofibers exhibited higher sizes. The ATR-FTIR spectra performed both on extracted proteins and electrospun nanofibers showed that the triple helix structure of collagen is partially preserved. The results were in agreement with the circular dichroism analysis for protein extracts. Furthermore, the viscoelastic properties of electrospun KH nanofibers were superior to those of electrospun RCG nanofibers. Based on both in vitro quantitative and qualitative analysis, the electrospun nanofibers were not cytotoxic, inducing a healthy cellular response. The results of new electrospun protein-based nanofibers may be useful for further research on bioactive properties of these nanofibers for tissue engineering.
Biomechanical Loading Comparison between Titanium and Bioactive Resorbable Screw Systems for Fixation of Intracapsular Condylar Head Fractures
Authors: Sukegawa Shintaro , Yamamoto Norio , Nakano Keisuke , Takabatake Kiyofumi , Kawai Hotaka , Kanno Takahiro , Nagatsuka Hitoshi , Furuki Yoshihiko
Published: July 2020

Osteosynthesis resorbable materials made of uncalcined and unsintered hydroxyapatite (u-HA) particles, poly-L-lactide (PLLA), are bioresorbable, and these materials have feasible bioactive/osteoconductive capacities. However, their strength and stability for fixation in mandibular condylar head fractures remain unclear. This in vitro study aimed to assess the biomechanical strength of u-HA/PLLA screws after the internal fixation of condylar head fractures. To evaluate their biomechanical behavior, 32 hemimandible replicas were divided into eight groups, each consisting of single-screw and double-screw fixations with titanium or u-HA/PLLA screws. A linear load was applied as vertical and horizontal load to each group to simulate the muscular forces in condylar head fractures. Samples were examined for 0.5, 1, 2, and 3-mm displacement loads. Two screws were needed for stable fixation of the mandibular condylar head fracture during biomechanical evaluation. After screw fixation for condylar head fractures, the titanium screws model was slightly more resistant to vertical and horizontal movement with a load for a small displacement than the u-HA/PLLA screws model. There was no statistically significant difference with load for large displacements. The u-HA/PLLA screw has a low mechanical resistance under small displacement loading compared with titanium within the limits of the mandibular head fracture model study.
High Positive MR and Energy Band Structure of RuSb2+
Authors: Zhang Liang , Wang Yun , Chang Hong
Published: July 2020

A high positive magnetoresistance (MR), 78%, is observed at 2 K on the ab plane of the diamagnetic RuSb2+ semiconductor. On the ac plane, MR is 44% at 2 K, and about 7% at 300 K. MR at different temperatures do not follow the Kohler’s rule. It suggests that the multiband effect plays a role on the carrier transportation. RuSb2+ is a semiconductor with both positive and negative carriers. The quantum interference effect with the weak localization correction lies behind the high positive MR at low temperature. Judged from the ultraviolet–visible spectra, it has a direct band gap of 1.29 eV. The valence band is 0.39 eV below the Fermi energy. The schematic energy band structure is proposed based on experimental results.
Perturbation Theory for Quasinilpotents in Banach Algebras
Authors: Wang Xin , Cao Peng
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we prove the following result by perturbation technique. If q is a quasinilpotent element of a Banach algebra and spectrum of p + q for any other quasinilpotent p contains at most n values then q n = 0 . Applications to C* algebras are given.
Stancu Type Baskakov—Durrmeyer Operators and Approximation Properties
Authors: Kilicman Adem , Mursaleen Mohammad Ayman , Al-Abied Ahmed Ahmed Hussin Ali
Published: July 2020

In this article, we introduce Stancu type generalization of Baskakov–Durrmeyer operators by using inverse Pólya–Eggenberger distribution. We discuss some basic results and approximation properties. Moreover, we study the statistical convergence for these operators.
Transcriptome Analysis of the Inhibitory Effect of Astaxanthin on Helicobacter pylori-Induced Gastric Carcinoma Cell Motility
Authors: Kim Suhn Hyung , Kim Hyeyoung
Published: July 2020

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection promotes the metastasis of gastric carcinoma cells by modulating signal transduction pathways that regulate cell proliferation, motility, and invasion. Astaxanthin (ASTX), a xanthophyll carotenoid, is known to inhibit cancer cell migration and invasion, however the mechanism of action of ASTX in H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells is not well understood. To gain insight into this process, we carried out a comparative RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis of human gastric cancer AGS (adenocarcinoma gastric) cells as a function of H. pylori infection and ASTX administration. The results were used to identify genes that are differently expressed in response to H. pylori and ASTX. Gene ontology (GO) analysis identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) to be associated with cell cytoskeleton remodeling, motility, and/or migration. Among the 20 genes identified, those encoding c-MET, PI3KC2, PLCγ1, Cdc42, and ROCK1 were selected for verification by real-time PCR analysis. The verified genes were mapped, using signaling networks contained in the KEGG database, to create a signaling pathway through which ASTX might mitigate the effects of H. pylori-infection. We propose that H. pylori-induced upregulation of the upstream regulator c-MET, and hence, its downstream targets Cdc42 and ROCK1, is suppressed by ASTX. ASTX is also suggested to counteract H. pylori-induced activation of PI3K and PLCγ. In conclusion, ASTX can suppress H. pylori-induced gastric cancer progression by inhibiting cytoskeleton reorganization and reducing cell motility through downregulation of c-MET, EGFR, PI3KC2, PLCγ1, Cdc42, and ROCK1.
Effects of 3D Moving Platform Exercise on Physiological Parameters and Pain in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Kim Soochul , Jee Yongseok
Published: July 2020

Background and objectives: Patient-handling activities predispose women to chronic low back pain (CLBP), but sufficient evidence is not available on whether a 3D moving platform, made for core stability exercise, affects pain, trunk flexibility, and static/dynamic muscle contractions in CLBP patients. Materials and Methods: The participants were twenty-nine women who were randomly divided into a control group (CON) and a 3D exercise group (3DEG), which took part in 3D moving exercise three times a week for 8 weeks. Both groups measured a visual analog scale (VAS) about their CLBP. Body composition, forward and backward trunk flexibilities, static muscle contraction property in rectus abdominis, and erector spinae were measured by tensiomyography, which found contraction time (Tc) and maximal displacement (Dm). Dynamic muscle contraction property in the abdomen and back were measured with an isokinetic device, which could measure peak torque (Pt) and work per repetition (Wr), before and after the trial. Results: The 3DEG had a significantly decreased fat mass and waist/hip ratio, as well as improved static muscle contractions of the erector spinae. The Wr of trunk extensor of 3D exercise group were also significantly increased. In the VAS, although the scores showed a significant change in some variables, while others did not. The Δ% in feeling pain at rest or at night, during exercise, walking, sitting in a hard chair, sitting in a soft chair, and lying down in 3DEG were significantly changed after 8 weeks. This indicates that the platform exercise provided a greater reduction of pain for activities that are done on a daily basis. Conclusions: This study confirms that the 3D moving platform exercise can provide the similar effect of the core stability exercise used in previous studies. Moreover, this study suggests that 3D moving platform exercise is a suitable means to reduce fatness, to increase trunk extensor, and to increase trunk backward flexibility, which led to reduced back pain in the women with CLBP.
Biosorption of Rare Earth Elements by Different Microorganisms in Acidic Solutions
Authors: Breuker Anja , Ritter Simon F. , Schippers Axel
Published: July 2020

Acidic solutions from metal bioleaching processes usually contain mixtures of metals in different concentrations which need to be separated and concentrated in downstream processing. Aim of this study was to explore and compare biosorption of rare earth elements (REE) by different microorganisms in acidic solutions. Biosorption of REE by bacteria and fungi showed element selective biosorption. The gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis showed a higher selectivity to ytterbium (Yb) and lutetium (Lu) than the gram-negative bacteria Leisingera methylohalidivorans and Phaeobacter inhibens. In contrast, the tested fungi (Catenulostroma chromoblastomyces, Pichia sp.) showed a preference for the middle rare earth elements. Algae exhibited a low biosorption performance. Additionally, for B. subtilis and one yeast (Pichia sp.), better results were achieved with living than dead biomass. This study compares for the first time biosorption of different microorganisms at standardized conditions at low pH und application related conditions.
Influence of MWCNT Coated Nickel on the Foaming Behavior of MWCNT Coated Nickel Reinforced AlMg4Si8 Foam by Powder Metallurgy Process
Authors: Damanik Ferdinandus Sarjanadi , Lange Günther
Published: July 2020

This research studies the effect of multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) coated nickel to foaming time on the foam expansion and the distribution of pore sizes MWCNT reinforced AlMg4Si8 foam composite by powder metallurgy process. To control interface reactivity and wettability between MWCNT and the metal matrix, nickel coating is carried out on the MWCNT surface. Significantly, different foaming behavior of the MWCNT coated nickel reinforced AlMg4Si8 was studied with a foaming time variation of 8 and 9 min. Digital images generated by the imaging system are used with the MATLAB R2017a algorithm to determine the porosity of the surface and the pore area of aluminum foam efficiently. The results can have important implications for processing MWCNT coated nickel reinforced aluminum alloy composites.
Hot Deformation Behaviors and Intrinsic Hot Workability Map of Ti-12Mo-4Zr-5Sn Alloy Based on Physical Model and Polar Reciprocity Model
Authors: Wan Peng , Zou Hang , Wang Kelu , Zhao Zhengzhi , Lu Shiqiang , Nie Huifen
Published: July 2020

The hot compression tests of Ti-12Mo-4Zr-5Sn alloy were tested on the thermo-mechanical simulator of Gleeble-3500 under isothermal and constant strain rate. We studied this alloy’s behavior during thermal deformation at the conditions of T = 670~820 °C, ε ˙ = 0.001~10 s−1, and deformation degree 70%. The rheological stress curves of the alloy were modified, the characteristics of the rheological stress curves were analyzed, and the activation energy map of hot deformation was established. A physical constitutive model of the alloy based on strain compensation was established, which has taken the relationship between Young’s modulus and self-diffusion coefficient and temperature into account. Moreover, the intrinsic hot workability ξ map of the alloy was established based on the polar reciprocity model. The results show that this alloy’s rheological stress will descend when the temperature of deformation rises and grow when the strain rate increases, and has negative sensitivity of temperature and positive sensitivity of strain rate. According to the error calculation, the physical constitutive model’s correlation coefficient is 0.9910 and the average relative error is 3.97%, which has good accuracy. Through the analysis of the microstructures of the instability zone and the stability zone, it was found that the instability mode of the instability zone was dominated by the local flow, and the deformation mechanism of the stability zone was dominated by the dynamic recrystallization. The optimum processing parameters of the alloy known from ξ map and metallographic structure are the following: T = 790~820 °C and ε ˙ = 0.001~0.01 s−1.
The Stability of Metal Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals—A Key Issue for the Application on Quantum-Dot-Based Micro Light-Emitting Diodes Display
Authors: Shangguan Zhibin , Zheng Xi , Zhang Jing , Lin Wansheng , Guo Weijie , Li Cheng , Wu Tingzhu , Lin Yue , Chen Zhong
Published: July 2020

The metal halide perovskite nanocrystal (MHP-NC), an easy-to-fabricate and low cost fluorescent material, is recognized to be among the promising candidates of the color conversion material in the micro light-emitting diode (micro-LED) display, providing that the stability can be further enhanced. It is found that the water steam, oxygen, thermal radiation and light irradiation—four typical external factors in the ambient environment related to micro-LED display—can gradually alter and destroy the crystal lattice. Despite the similar phenomena of photoluminescence quenching, the respective encroaching processes related to these four factors are found to be different from one another. The encroaching mechanisms are collected and introduced in separate categories with respect to each external factor. Thereafter, a combined effect of these four factors in an environment mimicking real working conditions of micro-LED display are also introduced. Finally, recent progress on the full-color application of MHP-NC is also reviewed in brief.
Reply: “Comment on ”Consumption of Cooked Black Beans Stimulates a Cluster of Some Clostridia Class Bacteria Decreasing Inflammatory Response and Improving Insulin Sensitivity.” Nutrients 2020, 12(4), 1182”
Authors: Sánchez-Tapia Mónica , Hernández-Velázquez Irma , Pichardo-Ontiveros Edgar , Granados-Portillo Omar , Gálvez Amanda , Tovar Armando R. , Torres Nimbe
Published: July 2020

We appreciate the interest of Dr [...]
Immunologic Effects of Vitamin D on Human Health and Disease
Authors: Charoenngam Nipith , Holick Michael F.
Published: July 2020

Vitamin D is responsible for regulation of calcium and phosphate metabolism and maintaining a healthy mineralized skeleton. It is also known as an immunomodulatory hormone. Experimental studies have shown that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, the active form of vitamin D, exerts immunologic activities on multiple components of the innate and adaptive immune system as well as endothelial membrane stability. Association between low levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and increased risk of developing several immune-related diseases and disorders, including psoriasis, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, tuberculosis, sepsis, respiratory infection, and COVID-19, has been observed. Accordingly, a number of clinical trials aiming to determine the efficacy of administration of vitamin D and its metabolites for treatment of these diseases have been conducted with variable outcomes. Interestingly, recent evidence suggests that some individuals might benefit from vitamin D more or less than others as high inter-individual difference in broad gene expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to vitamin D supplementation has been observed. Although it is still debatable what level of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is optimal, it is advisable to increase vitamin D intake and have sensible sunlight exposure to maintain serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D at least 30 ng/mL (75 nmol/L), and preferably at 40–60 ng/mL (100–150 nmol/L) to achieve the optimal overall health benefits of vitamin D.
Frequent Recombination Events in Leishmania donovani: Mining Population Data
Authors: Rogozin Igor B. , Charyyeva Arzuv , Sidorenko Ivan A. , Babenko Vladimir N. , Yurchenko Vyacheslav
Published: July 2020

The Leishmania donovani species complex consists of all L. donovani and L. infantum strains mainly responsible for visceral leishmaniasis (VL). It was suggested that genome rearrangements in Leishmania spp. occur very often, thus enabling parasites to adapt to the different environmental conditions. Some of these rearrangements may be directly linked to the virulence or explain the reduced efficacy of antimonial drugs in some isolates. In the current study, we focused on a large-scale analysis of putative gene conversion events using publicly available datasets. Previous population study of L. donovani suggested that population variability of L. donovani is relatively low, however the authors used masking procedures and strict read selection criteria. We decided to re-analyze DNA-seq data without masking sequences, because we were interested in the most dynamic fraction of the genome. The majority of samples have an excess of putative gene conversion/recombination events in the noncoding regions, however we found an overall excess of putative intrachromosomal gene conversion/recombination in the protein coding genes, compared to putative interchromosomal gene conversion/recombination events.
Leptospira Infections in Domestic and Wild Animals
Authors: Cilia Giovanni , Bertelloni Fabrizio , Fratini Filippo
Published: July 2020

Leptospirosis is a worldwide-distributed, re-emerging zoonosis due to the large variety of wild and domestic animal species that can play the role of natural or accidental host. Currently, specific animal species play an important role as the reservoir for particular Leptospira serovars, although recent investigations have highlighted new host–pathogen interactions involved in Leptospira epidemiology. Furthermore, the constant modification of ecosystems and wildlife habitats and the constantly increasing number of animal species moving towards urban or peri-urban areas are increasing the possibility of direct or indirect contacts between wildlife and domestic animals; furthermore, the constant modification of animal leptospirosis also causes problems for human health. The studies published in this Special Issue have evidenced and confirmed the hidden role of a large variety of animal species, domestic and wild, in the leptospirosis epidemiology. They highlighted the necessity for continuous monitoring and large-scale surveillance studies to better understand this neglected and re-emerging zoonosis.
Correction: Miraglio, T., et al. Monitoring LAI, Chlorophylls, and Carotenoids Content of a Woodland Savanna Using Hyperspectral Imagery and 3D Radiative Transfer Modeling. Remote Sensing 2020, 12, 28
Authors: Miraglio Thomas , Adeline Karine , Huesca Margarita , Ustin Susan , Briottet Xavier
Published: July 2020

The authors are sorry to report that some of the validation data used in their recently published paper [...]
Drug treatments affecting ACE2 in COVID-19 infection: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Dambha-Miller Hajira , Albasri Ali , Hodgson Sam , Wilcox Christopher , Islam Nazrul , Khan Shareen , Little Paul , Griffin Simon
Published: July 2020

Background

The SARS-CoV-2 virus causing COVID-19 binds human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors in human tissues. ACE2 expression may be associated with COVID-19 infection and mortality rates. Routinely prescribed drugs that up- or down-regulate ACE2 expression are, therefore, of critical research interest as agents that might promote or reduce risk of COVID-19 infection in a susceptible population.

Aim

To collate evidence on routinely prescribed drug treatments in the UK that could up- or down-regulate ACE2, and thus potentially affect COVID-19 infection.

Design & setting

Systematic review of studies published in MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from inception to 1 April 2020.

Method

A systematic review will be conducted in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Inclusion criteria will be: (1) assesses the effect of drug exposure on ACE2 level of expression or activity; (2) the drug is included in the British National Formulary (BNF) and, therefore, available to prescribe in the UK; and (3) a control, placebo, or sham group is included as comparator. Exclusion criteria will be: (1) ACE2 measurement in utero; (2) ACE2 measurement in children aged <18 years; (3) drug not in the BNF; and (4) review article. Quality will be assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for human studies, and the SYstematic Review Center for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) risk of bias tool for animal studies.

Results

Data will be reported in summary tables and narrative synthesis.

Conclusion

This systematic review will identify drug therapies that may increase or decrease ACE2 expression. This might identify medications increasing risk of COVID-19 transmission, or as targets for intervention in mitigating transmission.
The Effect of Low-Level Laser Therapy and Curcumin on the Expression of LC3, ATG10 and BAX/BCL2 Ratio in PC12 Cells Induced by 6-Hydroxide Dopamine
Authors: Tabatabaei Mirakabad Fatemeh Sadat , Khoramgah Maryam Sadat , Tahmasebinia Foozhan , Darabi Shahram , Abdi Saeed , Abbaszadeh Hojjat Allah , Khoshsirat Shahrokh
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders. The neuroinflammation in the brain of PD patients is one of the critical processes in the immune pathogenesis of PD leading to the neural loss in the substantia nigra. Due to the anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin (CU) and low-level laser therapy (LLLT), we examined the protective effect of CU and LLLT on PC12 cells treated with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) as a Parkinson model. Methods: PC12 cells were pretreated using various concentrations of 6-OHDA for 24 hours to induce oxidative and cellular damages. PC12-6-OHDA cells were co-treated with CU and LLLT. The effects of CU and LLLT on Bax/Bcl2 and LC3/ATG10 expression were analyzed by real-time PCR and cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. Cell A Software was used to calculate the length of the Neurite and cell body areas. Results: The results of this study show that the combination of CU dose-dependently and LLLT has a significant neuroprotective effect on cells and cellular death significantly decreases by increasing CU concentration. CU+LLLT decreases Bax/Bcl2 ratio which is an indicator of apoptosis and it also rescued a decrease in LC3 and ATG10 expression in comparison with 6-OHDA group. Conclusion: This study shows that the combination of 5 μM CU and LLLT has the best neuroprotective effect on PC12 cells against 6-OHDA by decreasing the BAX/BCL2 ratio.
Do Remo à Pesca
Authors: Viana Juliana de Alencar
Published: July 2020

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apontar vestígios para a compreensão da Lagoa da Pampulha como um espaço de lazer moderno em Belo Horizonte (1942 a 1968). O período é marcado pela inauguração do complexo arquitetônico da Pampulha considerado símbolo de progresso e modernidade na capital. Garimpando entre legislações, relatórios de prefeitos, a literatura de Pedro Nava, fotografias e dialogando com estudos históricos e de memória da cidade, encontramos práticas culturais em torno da lagoa que estavam entre o prescrito (remo) e o imprevisto (pesca), que deixaram rastros de uma pedagogia do corpo na constituição desse contraditório espaço de lazer moderno na capital mineira.
Atividades Culturais, Esportivas e de Lazer de Adultos
Authors: Burgos Miria Suzana , Tornquist Luciana , Tornquist Debora , Reuter Cézane Priscila , Pohl Hildegard Hedwig , Burgos Leandro Tibiriçá
Published: July 2020

O objetivo foi identificar as principais atividades culturais, esportivas e de lazer realizadas pelos pais dos escolares do centro, periferia e zona rural do município de Santa Cruz do Sul - RS. Participaram deste estudo transversal 188 adultos. Constatou-se que no sexo masculino o estilo de vida é mais ativo em seu tempo de lazer e que as mães da periferia foram as que se mostraram mais sedentárias. De forma geral, percebemos um predomínio de atividades pouco ativas, sendo preocupante o baixo percentual de pais que declararam realizar algum tipo de atividade física no lazer, pois além de predispostos a fatores de risco, os pais servem de exemplo aos filhos; passando a eles um exemplo indesejável, o sedentarismo.