bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enzymaktivierte, chemilumineszente Siderophor‐Dioxetan‐Sonden ermöglichen den selektiven und hochempfindlichen Nachweis von bakteriellen Krankheitserregern
Authors: Peukert Carsten , Popat Gholap Sachin , Green Ori , Pinkert Lukas , van den Heuvel Joop , van Ham Marco , Shabat Doron , Brönstrup Mark
Published: March 2022

Der empfindliche Nachweis von bakteriellen Infektionen ist eine Voraussetzung für deren erfolgreiche Behandlung. Die Verwendung von chemilumineszenten Sonden wurde bisher durch deren unzureichende Anreicherung in den Erregern erschwert. Wir koppelten Siderophoreinheiten, welche über das bakterielle Eisentransportsystem in Pathogenen angereichert werden, mit enzymatisch aktivierbaren Dioxetanen und erhielten sieben trifunktionale Sonden, die hohe Signal‐zu‐Hintergrund‐Verhältnisse (S/H=426‐859) aufwiesen. Die Eisentransportfähigkeit der Sonden wurde durch Experimente zur Wiederherstellung des Wachstums in Siderophor‐defizienten Mutanten gezeigt. Desferrioxamin‐Konjugate markierten alle Erreger des ESKAPE‐Panels mit einem hellen Chemilumineszenzsignal, während die Signale von Catechol‐Konjugaten aufgrund von Selbstquenchingeffekten generell schwächer ausfielen. Die Sonden konnten Bakterien in infizierten Lungenepithelzellen nachweisen. Die beste Sonde 8 wies 9.1×103 KBE mL−1 von S. aureus und 5.0×104 KBE mL−1 von P. aeruginosa nach, während die strukturell ähnliche Fluoreszenzsonde 10 205–305fach weniger empfindlich war. Die Daten qualifizieren Siderophor‐Dioxetan‐Sonden für den selektiven und empfindlichen Nachweis von Bakterien.
Highly Chemoselective Transamidation of Unactivated Tertiary Amides by Electrophilic N−C(O) Activation by Amide‐to‐Acyl Iodide Re‐routing
Authors: Zuo Dongxu , Wang Qun , Liu Long , Huang Tianzeng , Szostak Michal , Chen Tieqiao
Published: March 2022

The challenging transamidation of unactivated tertiary amides has been accomplished via cooperative acid/iodide catalysis. Most crucially, the method provides a novel manifold to re‐route the reactivity of unactivated N,N‐dialkyl amides through reactive acyl iodide intermediates, thus reverting the classical order of reactivity of carboxylic acid derivatives. This method provides a direct route to amide‐to‐amide bond interconversion with excellent chemoselectivity using equivalent amounts of amines. The combination of acid and iodide has been identified as the essential factor to activate the amide C−N bond through electrophilic catalytic activation, enabling the production of new desired transamidated products with wide substrate scope of both unactivated amides and amines, including late‐stage functionalization of complex APIs (>80 examples). We anticipate that this powerful activation mode of unactivated amide bonds will find broad‐ranging applications in chemical synthesis.
Pelvic fin musculature in skates: Morphological variation, phylogeny, and locomotor implications (Chondrichthyes: Batoidea: Rajiformes)
Authors: Soares Karla D. A.
Published: March 2022

Skates of the order Rajiformes are known to perform benthic locomotion by using their specialized bilobed pelvic fins and thus walking or punting on the substrate. Several studies have investigated the pelvic fin and girdle skeleton but little is known about the muscles responsible for walking performance. The goals of this study, therefore, are to investigate, describe, and illustrate the morphological variation in pelvic musculature among skate species and to discuss the phylogenetic and locomotor implications of the conditions observed. Specimens belonging to 19 of the 36 skate genera currently valid for the order Rajiformes were manually dissected and specimens of Narcine, Tetronarce, and Zapteryx were also examined as comparative material. The pelvic musculature varies among skates, mainly regarding the extension of ventral and dorsal muscles related to the anterior lobe of pelvic fin. All rafijorms examined and the torpediniforms Narcine and Tetronarce possess a complex pelvic musculature associated to the anterior pelvic lobe, which is herein suggested as a synapomorphy of Batoidea with independent losses in guitarfishes and stingrays. Nevertheless, the examination of additional taxa is required to better understand the evolution of pelvic musculature within batoids. The morphological variation observed could indicate different walking abilities as discussed herein but further studies on the locomotion behavior in skates are needed to confirm these assumptions.
Sensitivity study on storm modulation through a strategic use of consumer air conditioners
Authors: Hiruma Daisuke , Onishi Ryo , Takahashi Keiko , Fukagata Koji
Published: March 2022

Storm trainings, consisting of quasi‐stationary band‐shaped precipitation systems, bring persistent local heavy rains, often causing devastating floods and landslides. Here, we show that a strategic use of consumer air conditioners can modulate a storm downstream. We numerically reproduced a storm training that damaged the Hiroshima metropolis in Japan in 2014, and conducted experiments to test the sensitivity of the storm to the initial moisture field near the surface. We propose an empirically‐derived formula for a control efficiency parameter, which can be used to estimate the impact of moisture removal on the rainfall accumulation. That formula can be different for different storms and used to assess the feasibility of modulating the target storm. It reveals that removal of half a kiloton of moisture, which could be achieved within half an hour in a city with a population of 1 million since more than one air conditioner is installed per capita in Japan, could lead to a significant reduction of the total rainfall accumulation over a 100‐km2 area of heavy rain during the Hiroshima storm event. We anticipate our results, which reveal that human activity can have a significant impact on storms, will be a starting point for considering the coupling of weather and the economy, and will contribute to the development of a sustainable society.
New developments in premise plumbing: Integrative hydraulic and water quality modeling
Authors: Palmegiani Maria A. , Whelton Andrew J. , Mitchell Jade , Nejadhashemi Pouyan , Lee Juneseok
Published: March 2022

Significant seasonal changes in chemical and microbiological water quality can occur in buildings at different fixture locations due to temperature and time dependent reaction rates. Here, a series of calibrated plumbing hydraulic‐water quality models were developed for the extensively monitored Retrofitted Net‐zero Energy, Water & Waste (ReNEWW) house in West Lafayette, Indiana, USA. The eight new models predict the absolute level of free chlorine, total trihalomethanes, copper, iron, lead, NO3− (nitrate‐nitrogen), heterotrophic plate count (HPC), and Legionella spp. concentration at each fixture for plumbing use, operational characteristics, and design layouts of the plumbing system. Model development revealed that the carrying capacity to describe Legionella spp. growth (and other organisms) under water usage and plumbing design conditions is lacking in the literature. Reducing simulated building water use by 25% prompted increased absolute concentrations of HPC and Legionella spp., each increasing by a factor of about 105. When the simulated service line length was increased, Legionella spp. concentrations increased by up to 106 gene copies /L in the Summer season. The proposed modeling framework can be used to support better planning, design, analysis, and operational decision‐making.
Muss denn immer alles neu sein? Teilerneuerung der Brücke Viersener Straße in Mönchengladbach
Authors: Sprinke Peter , Giesing Laura , Lambracht Christian
Published: March 2022

Die im Jahre 1968 erbaute Brücke Viersener Straße liegt im innerstädtischen Bereich von Mönchengladbach und überführt die B 57 (Hermann‐Piecq‐Anlage). Aufgrund von Tragfähigkeitsdefiziten des Spannbetonüberbaus mit einhergehenden verkehrlichen Einschränkungen der Viersener Straße war eine Erneuerung des Überbaus unabdingbar. Neben den gängigen Varianten von einer Ertüchtigung der Brückenkonstruktion bis hin zur Kompletterneuerung wurden hier zudem neue Wege begangen und auch eine Teilerneuerung – Ersatzüberbau mit Weiternutzung der Unterbauten – untersucht. Der neue Überbau, auf alten Unterbauten, sichert heute den innerstädtischen Verkehrsfluss.
Enacting whole‐school relationships and sexuality education in England: Context matters
Authors: Bragg Sara , Ponsford Ruth , Meiksin Rebecca , Lohan Maria , Melendez‐Torres G.J. , Hadley Alison , Young Honor , Anne Barter Christine , Taylor Bruce , Bonell Chris
Published: March 2022

Evidence from intervention evaluations suggests that achieving meaningful and lasting social, behavioural and attitudinal change from relationships, sex and health education (RSHE) in schools requires more than just a curriculum. Whole‐school approaches appear particularly promising since they work at multiple levels. For instance, they may: engage with carers, communities and local services; address iniquitous cultures and norms; change school policies and practices; and actively involve young people themselves. They have also been advocated to tackle sexual harassment and abuse in schools. Currently, however, such approaches have not been rigorously evaluated in the UK. This article focuses on the whole‐school elements of two recent RSHE pilot studies conducted in English secondary schools. We describe how these elements were variably enacted in different settings. We analyse contextual factors that help account for these differences, including: teacher and departmental professional identity and autonomy; broader education policy including high‐stakes testing and school inspection judgements; the significance of support staff; and staff–student relationships and partnerships. We argue that the likely impact of whole‐school approaches and RSHE in schools more generally will depend on attending to all of these factors. The paper contributes firstly to debates about the theory and practice of RSHE by highlighting the significance of processes and cultures beyond the classroom in enabling or constraining positive change. Secondly it contributes to scholarship that elucidates the role of contexts, broadly defined, in understanding the enactment of policy and practice.
Circular business model experimentation capabilities—A case study approach
Authors: Hofmann Florian , zu Knyphausen‐Aufseß Dodo
Published: March 2022

Real‐world experiments are best suited for testing and validating novel circular business models (CBMs). Despite the increasing prominence of experimentation in CBM research, there is a lack of investigations on how firms manage and organize CBM experiments. This study aims to fill this research gap by examining the organizational capabilities needed to orchestrate CBM experiments, beyond prototyping, piloting, iterating, and scaling up. Drawing on a systematic within‐ and cross‐case analysis with two fundamentally different firms that nevertheless share the same objective—the dynamic stabilization of a long‐term viable CBM—we offer a new perspective on the management and organization of CBM experiments. The study shows how the investigated firms have developed three CBM experimentation capabilities over time, which can be disaggregated into (1) contextualizing, (2) dynamic co‐structuring, and (3) governing intangible assets. Moreover, the findings provide further theoretical directions for CBM experiments and identify gaps for future research.
Implantable device actuated by manual button clicks for noninvasive self‐drug administration
Authors: Kim Cho Rim , Cho Yong Chan , Lee Seung Ho , Han Jae Hoon , Kim Min Ji , Ji Han Bi , Kim Se‐Na , Min Chang Hee , Shin Byung Ho , Lee Cheol , Cho Young Min , Choy Young Bin
Published: March 2022

Self‐injectable therapy has several advantages in the treatment of metabolic disorders. However, frequent injections with needles impair patient compliance and medication adherence. Therefore, we develop a fully implantable device capable of on‐demand administration of self‐injection drugs via noninvasive manual button clicks on the outer skin. The device is designed to infuse the drug only at the moment of click actuation, which allows for an accurate and reproducible drug infusion, and also prevents unwanted drug leakage. Using a mechanical means of drug infusion, this implantable device does not contain any electronic compartments or batteries, making it compact, and semi‐permanent. When tested in animals, the device can achieve subcutaneous injection‐like pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects for self‐injection drugs such as exenatide, insulin, and glucagon.
The strategic role of community college presidents in activating student success outcomes
Authors: Davis Jemilia S. , DeSantis Andrea L. , Jaeger Audrey J.
Published: March 2022

Using statewide, local‐level, and institutional data, presidents identify an area of opportunity to serve their communities using strategies that increase college access, enrollment, retention, transfer, and program alignment to the labor market. This article reveals how data informed specific actions to improve student success of a diverse set of community colleges signaling key strategies that practitioners can emulate.
The college completion agenda: Managing and leading change
Authors: Cutler White Carol
Published: March 2022

Since the 1947 Truman Commission's recommendation to establish local colleges in communities, the multiple mission community colleges have provided access and affordable education for millions. In the early years of the new millennium, community colleges garnered increased attention as engines of credential completion as the need for a college education came into focus. Broadly known as the completion or the attainment agenda, national efforts driven by philanthropic organizations prompted examination of student progression into and through community colleges. The purpose of this article is to trace the genesis of the completion agenda to the Truman Commission's Higher Education for Democracy report, to describe four community college completion initiatives, to make recommendations for leading internal change, and to provide leaders with a framework for initiating and monitoring change to improve student outcomes through use of the Prosci ADKAR change model and the Aspen Institute's Community College Excellence curriculum.
Continuous and Electrochemical Synthesis of 2,2’,4,4’,6,6’‐Hexanitrostilbene
Authors: Zou Jiedong , Deng Jie , Qin Yaqi , Li Tiancheng , Zhou Xinli , Lu Ming , Wang Pengcheng
Published: March 2022

2,2′,4,4′,6,6′‐Hexanitrostilbene, an excellent thermally stable explosive, has diverse applications in aerospace field. However, current methods for fabricating this compound entail environmental concerns and the generation of undesirable by‐products. To overcome such limitations, in this study, a continuous method based on the use of a static mixer combined with electrochemistry was used to prepare 2,2’,4,4’,6,6’‐hexanitrostilbene for the first time, and the yield of hexanitrostilbene produced by the continuous process reached 65 %. The use of the static mixer enables the effective mixing of the material; in addition, the electrocatalytic method converts the by‐products into the target product, making the reaction process efficient and environmentally friendly. This method concurrently combines the advantages of a simple reaction process for the one‐step synthesis of the target product, easy large‐scale continuous production, and high yield.
Three‐Dimensional Hierarchical Ternary Nanostructures Bismuth/Polypyrrole/CNTs for High Performance Potassium‐Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Zhang Wenming , Chen Xiaoyu , Xu Haoshan , Liu Yiqun , Zhao Xiaohui , Zhang Zisheng , Li Ling
Published: March 2022

Comprehensive Summary

In recent years, the anode materials of bismuth(Bi)‐based potassium ion batteries with high theoretical capacity and suitable potassium ion insertion potential have attracted extensive attention. However, due to the volume expansion of Bi, the performance of Bi‐based anode materials is not ideal during potassium ion (de)intercalation. In order to solve these problems, we report a three‐dimensional (3D) ternary bismuth nanoparticles/conductive polymers/carbon nanotubes (Bi/PPy/CNT) hybrid anode material for K‐ion batteries. At a current density of 100 mA·g–1, its reversible capacity reaches 302 mAh·g–1 after 200 cycles, while it reaches 195.7 mAh·g–1 after 600 cycles at 1 A·g–1. Its excellent performance is attributed to the hydrogel network which provides a range of electron transport networks and high porosity. Carbon nanotubes are used as electron enhancers to reduce the volume expansion of Bi particles during the reaction. This study provides a prerequisite for expanding the application of 3D ternary materials.
Impact of the “atherosclerotic pabulum” on in‐hospital mortality for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Is calcium score able to identify at‐risk patients?
Authors: Pergola Valeria , Cabrelle Giulio , Previtero Marco , Fiorencis Andrea , Lorenzoni Giulia , Dellino Carlo Maria , Montonati Carolina , Continisio Saverio , Masetto Elisa , Mele Donato , Perazzolo Marra Martina , Giraudo Chiara , Barbiero Giulio , De Conti Giorgio , Di Salvo Giovanni , Gregori Dario , Iliceto Sabino , Motta Raffaella
Published: March 2022

Background

Although the primary cause of death in COVID‐19 infection is respiratory failure, there is evidence that cardiac manifestations may contribute to overall mortality and can even be the primary cause of death. More importantly, it is recognized that COVID‐19 is associated with a high incidence of thrombotic complications.

Hypothesis

Evaluate if the coronary artery calcium (CAC) score was useful to predict in‐hospital (in‐H) mortality in patients with COVID‐19. Secondary end‐points were needed for mechanical ventilation and intensive care unit admission.

Methods

Two‐hundred eighty‐four patients (63, 25 years, 67% male) with proven severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection who had a noncontrast chest computed tomography were analyzed for CAC score. Clinical and radiological data were retrieved.

Results

Patients with CAC had a higher inflammatory burden at admission (d‐dimer, p = .002; C‐reactive protein, p = .002; procalcitonin, p = .016) and a higher high‐sensitive cardiac troponin I (HScTnI, p = <.001) at admission and at peak. While there was no association with presence of lung consolidation and ground‐glass opacities, patients with CAC had higher incidence of bilateral infiltration (p = .043) and higher in‐H mortality (p = .048). On the other side, peak HScTnI >200 ng/dl was a better determinant of all outcomes in both univariate (p = <.001) and multivariate analysis (p = <.001).

Conclusion

The main finding of our research is that CAC was positively related to in‐H mortality, but it did not completely identify all the population at risk of events in the setting of COVID‐19 patients. This raises the possibility that other factors, including the presence of soft, unstable plaques, may have a role in adverse outcomes in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
Design and Synthesis of Oligopeptidic Parvulin Inhibitors
Authors: Relitti Nicola , Prasanth Saraswati A. , Carullo Gabriele , Papa Alessandro , Monti Alessandra , Benedetti Rosaria , Passaro Eugenia , Brogi Simone , Calderone Vincenzo , Butini Stefania , Gemma Sandra , Altucci Lucia , Campiani Giuseppe , Doti Nunzianna
Published: March 2022

Pin1 catalyzes the cis‐trans isomerization of pThr‐Pro or pSer‐Pro amide bonds of various proteins involved in several physio/pathological processes. In this framework, recent research activity is directed toward the identification of new selective Pin1 inhibitors. Here, we developed a set of peptide‐based Pin1 inhibitors. Direct‐binding experiments allowed the identification of the peptide‐based inhibitor 5 k (methylacetyl‐l‐alanyl‐l‐histidyl‐l‐prolyl‐l‐phenylalaninate) as a potent ligand of Pin1. Notably, 5 k binds Pin1 with higher affinity than Pin4. The comparative analysis of molecular models of Pin1 and Pin4 with the selected compound gave a rational explanation of the biochemical activity and pinpointed the chemical elements that, if opportunely modified, may further improve inhibitory potency, pharmacological properties, and selectivity of future peptide‐based parvulin inhibitors. Since 5 k showed limited cell penetration and no antiproliferative activity, it was conjugated to a polyarginine stretch (R8), known to promote cell penetration of peptides, to obtain the R8–5 k derivative, which displayed antiproliferative effects on cancer cell lines over non‐tumor cells. The effect of R8 on cell proliferation was also investigated. This work warrants caution about applying the R8 strategy in the development of cell‐penetrating antiproliferative peptides, as it is not inert.
A deep learning framework with convolutional long short‐term memory for influenza‐like illness trend estimation
Authors: Kara Ahmet
Published: March 2022

Forecasting and modeling real‐world time series problems have been challenging for researchers due to nonlinear and complicated patterns. With the recent developments in deep learning, more accurate and efficient forecasting can be provided by learning the relationships between input and output data. This article has introduced a novel hybrid approach, called the GA‐ConvLSTM‐CNN, based on the genetic algorithm (GA), convolutional long short‐term memory (ConvLSTM) and convolutional neural network (CNN) to capture complex and sophisticated features from historical data. The GA‐ConvLSTM‐CNN approach is constructed with two‐stacked ConvLSTM networks, two‐stacked CNN, and a fully connected layer to alleviate the complexity of the real‐world time series problems with multivariate and multistep. In order to increase the accuracy of the GA‐ConvLSTM‐CNN, the genetic algorithm is adopted to simultaneously optimize the network's hyperparameters. With the aim of making comparisons, the weekly influenza‐like illness (ILI) and the weather data have been handled. The GA‐ConvLSTM‐CNN framework compared different techniques comprising machine learning and deep learning approaches. The results have indicated that the GA‐ConvLSTM‐CNN has the ability to accomplish more effective prediction accuracy and provide remarkable support for ILI outbreaks than the benchmark techniques.
Effect of a Ketohexokinase Inhibitor (PF‐06835919) on In Vivo OATP1B Activity: Integrative Risk Assessment Using Endogenous Biomarker and a Probe Drug
Authors: Tess David A. , Kimoto Emi , King‐Ahmad Amanda , Vourvahis Manoli , Rodrigues A. David , Bergman Arthur , Qui Ruolun , Somayaji Veena , Weng Yan , Fonseca Kari R. , Litchfield John , Varma Manthena V. S.
Published: March 2022

PF‐06835919 is a first‐in‐class ketohexokinase inhibitor (KHKi), recently under development for the treatment of metabolic and fatty liver diseases, which inhibited organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP)1B1 in vitro and presented drug–drug interaction (DDI) risk. This study aims to investigate the dose‐dependent effect of KHKi on OATP1B in vivo activity. We performed an open‐label study comparing pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin (OATP1B probe) dosed alone (20 mg single dose) and coadministered with two dose strengths of KHKi (50 and 280 mg once daily) in 12 healthy participants. Additionally, changes in exposure of coproporphyrin‐I (CP‐I), an endogenous biomarker for OATP1B, were assessed in the atorvastatin study (1.12‐fold and 1.49‐fold increase in area under the plasma concentration‐time profile (AUC) with once‐daily 50 and 280 mg, respectively), and a separate single oral dose study of KHKi alone (100–600 mg, n = 6 healthy participants; up to a 1.80‐fold increase in AUC). Geometric mean ratios (90% confidence interval) of atorvastatin AUC following 50 and 280 mg KHKi were 1.14 (1.00–1.30) and 1.54 (1.37–1.74), respectively. Physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic modeling of CP‐I plasma exposure following a single dose of KHKi predicted in vivo OATP1B inhibition from about 13% to 70% over the 100 to 600 mg dose range, while using the in vitro inhibition potency (1.9 µM). Model‐based analysis correctly predicted “no‐effect” (AUC ratio < 1.25) at the low dose range and “weak” effect (AUC ratio < 2) on atorvastatin pharmacokinetics at the high dose range of KHKi. This study exemplified the utility of biomarker‐informed model‐based approach in discerning even small effects on OATP1B activity in vivo, and to project DDI risk at the clinically relevant doses.
Propagation and cultivation practices of honeybush (Cyclopia spp.) for the sustainable production of an export quality indigenous South African tea
Authors: Karsen Pippa A. , Lötze Elmi , Valentine Alexander J. , Hoffman Eleanor W.
Published: March 2022

Honeybush (Cyclopia) species are endemic to the Fynbos Biome of the Cape Floral Kingdom in South Africa. Traditionally, honeybush foliage is cut, fermented, and sun‐dried to make an antioxidant‐rich herbal tea. Approximately 80% of honeybush is unsustainably harvested from the wild. All commercial species are indicated on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species. Cultivation is thus required to ensure sufficient volumes of tea are produced. A major limitation to cultivation is the poor rooting responses of the species that regenerate from shoots, C. genistoides and C. intermedia, the latter being the most harvested from the wild. The establishment of clonally propagated material is a challenge for all six of the commercially important Cyclopia species. Research on honeybush has mainly focused on the unique properties contributing to flavor, medicinal value, as well as processing. Much less is known about propagation, nutrient requirements, harvesting procedures, plant improvement, and pest and disease management. This review considers management strategies for the sustainable harvesting of wild honeybush and the potential risks of introducing improved plant material. Cultivation practices and management strategies that promote longevity and enhance yield are defined. The inherent rooting ability of cuttings is discussed. Cultivated stands are mostly established by seedlings which results in diversity of vigor and tea quality. A sustainable market based on high‐quality indigenous tea requires the use of clonal material which allows the selection of desired traits and rapid multiplication. Its use would enable improved yield and profitability without compromising tea quality.
Field and simulation study of the rational retracement channel position and control strategy in close‐distance coal seams
Authors: Lv Kai , He Fulian , Li Liang , Xu Xuhui , Qin Binbin
Published: March 2022

Different from single coal seam mining, the stress evolution in the end mining stage of close‐distance coal seams is extremely complex. The unreasonable position and support of the lower retracement channel will cause serious deformation and damage to the surrounding rock. Taking the Yanzishan coal mine as the engineering background, the deformation and failure characteristics of the retracement channel under different overlay environments and the key influencing factors of position design were discussed by numerical simulation, theoretical analysis, and field investigation. The results show that the coupling superposition of upper coal pillar high stress and mining dynamic pressure will form a dangerous area with severe ground pressure behavior. The retracement channel should be preferentially designed in zone A (overlying mining roadways), followed by zone B (overlying end‐mining coal pillar), and finally, zone C (overlying section coal pillar). In addition, the rational horizontal distance between the lower retracement channel and the upper end‐mining coal pillar should make the channel in a good stress environment. The safety distance between the retracement channel and the nearest main roadway (end‐mining coal pillar width) should be greater than the severe range of advance abutment pressure. Finally, the design principle and control strategy for the lower retracement channel is proposed. The feasibility and rationality of the study are verified by industrial applications.
Work‐life (re)negotiation for mid‐career faculty
Authors: Perez Rosemary J.
Published: March 2022

While working towards tenure, faculty members are rewarded for enacting ideal worker norms (Acker, 1990) or prioritizing work resulting in high levels and quality of production over other components of one's life. Striving to meet ideal worker norms has real costs to faculty members who may experience high levels of stress, negative health outcomes, or strained relationships. However, failing to comply with these norms also has implications and may impede individual's career advancement. Having achieved promotion and tenure, mid‐career faculty are uniquely positioned to renegotiate their relationship to ideal worker norms in the academy and can use their agency to contest them. Accordingly, this chapter examines the construct of the ideal worker (Acker, 1990) and how it affects faculty work before providing insight on how mid‐career faculty may change their relationship with ideal worker norms and notions of productivity in their lives and at their institutions.
Bile multi‐omics analysis classifies lipid species and microbial peptides predictive of carcinoma of gallbladder
Authors: Sharma Nupur , Yadav Manisha , Tripathi Gaurav , Mathew Babu , Bindal Vasundhra , Falari Sanyam , Pamecha Viniyendra , Maras Jaswinder Singh
Published: March 2022

Background and Aims

Histopathological examination is the gold standard for detection of gallstone (GS) or gallbladder carcinoma (CAGB). Bile concentrated in the gallbladder (GB) is expected to recapitulate metagenomics and molecular changes associated with development of CAGB.

Approach and Results

Bile samples were screened for lipidomics and metaproteome (metagenomics) signatures capable of early detection of cancer in GB anomalies. Analysis of the training cohort (n = 87) showed that metastability of bile was reduced in CAGB (p < 0.05). CAGB bile showed significant alteration of lipidome and microbiome as indicated by multivariate partial least squares regression analysis and alpha‐diversity and beta‐diversity indexes (p < 0.05). Significant reduction of lipid species and increase in bacterial taxa were found to be associated with patients with CAGB, CAGB with GS, and GS (p < 0.05, log fold change >1.5). A multimodular correlation network created using weighted lipid/metaproteomic correlation network analysis showed striking associations between lipid and metaproteomic modules and functionality. CAGB‐linked metaproteomic modules/functionality directly correlated with lipid modules, species, clinical parameters, and bile acid profile (p < 0.05). Increased bacterial taxa (Leptospira, Salmonella enterica, Mycoplasma gallisepticum) and their functionality showed a direct correlation with lipid classes such as lysophosphatidylinositol, ceramide 1‐phosphate, and lysophosphatidylethanolamine and development of CAGB (r
2 > 0.85). Lipid/metaproteomic signature–based probability of detection for CAGB was > 90%, whereas that for GS was > 80% (p < 0.05). Validation of eight lipid species using four machine learning algorithms in two separate cohorts (n = 38; bile [test cohort 1] and paired plasma [test cohort 2]) showed accuracy (99%) and sensitivity/specificity (>98%) for CAGB detection.

Conclusions

Bile samples of patients with CAGB showed significant reduction in lipid species and increase in bacterial taxa. Our study identifies a core set of bile lipidome and metaproteome signatures which may offer universal utility for early diagnosis of CAGB.
National Sporting Organisation policies: A health promotion opportunity?
Authors: McNoe Bronwen M. , Marsh Louise , Venter Noeleen , Morgaine Kate C. , Reeder Anthony I. , McLean Rachael M.
Published: March 2022

Issue addressed

The objective was to identify whether National Sporting Organisations (NSOs) have policy documentation on healthy behaviours (smokefree, sun‐protection, healthy food/beverages and alcohol) and, for organisations with such documentation, whether this was in‐line with current scientific evidence of past best practice in cancer prevention.

Methods

This cross‐sectional policy analysis study was performed September to December 2018 in Aotearoa/New Zealand. A content analysis was undertaken using NSO policy documents matched against a framework of key indicators for best practice within health behaviours of interest. Data analysis of the policy process was undertaken through key informant telephone interviews with NSO staff using semi‐structured qualitative interviews.

Results

Of 96 NSOs, nearly half (49%) mentioned smokefree at least once in one of their policy documents, and 47% had an alcohol policy, although in both instances the policies lacked comprehensiveness. Two NSOs had a reasonably comprehensive sun protection policy. Seventeen had at least one specific nutrition policy/guideline. The contents of the latter were primarily related to short‐term athletic performance rather than non‐communicable disease prevention, specifically promoting hydration during sports participation, and food and nutrition to support sporting performance. Two NSOs had policies relating to the promotion of healthy food/nutrition more widely. For some NSOs, the lack of health‐related policies was not a conscious choice but just not considered previously. Other NSOs reported they lacked resources or had other priorities.

Conclusions

Although this study clearly demonstrates that many NSOs lack adequate health‐related policies, this is not necessarily a conscious choice, but the result of a lack of resources, other priorities, or just that they had not considered developing policies in these areas. A number expressed support for these types of policies although it was apparent that some, particularly smaller NSOs, would require assistance in policy template development. It seems probable that the development of health‐related policies will only occur if partner agencies become involved.
Emphasizing “me” or “we”: Training framing and self‐concept in network‐based leadership development
Authors: Floyd Theresa M. , Cullen‐Lester Kristin L. , Lester Houston F. , Grosser Travis J.
Published: March 2022

This study explores how the motivational framing of a network training program may positively or (inadvertently) adversely impact participants' discomfort with strategic networking and motivation to network. We examine the impact of a “me‐focused” framing (i.e., on the personal career benefits that individuals can accrue through strategic networking) and a “we‐focused” framing (i.e., on the benefits to the team/organization of individuals' strategic networking) compared to a control group in two field‐based quasi‐experiments. In both studies, we found no difference between the two training frames in their effect on the two training outcomes when looking at participants' reactions, on average. However, in the second study, we find that individual differences in the way participants relate to others (i.e., the extent to which they endorse an individual or a collective self‐concept) change the impact of the framing on their discomfort with and motivation to network. The findings highlight the importance of considering the match or mismatch between training framing and self‐concept. In the we‐focused condition, a match was related to decreased networking discomfort, while a mismatch was related to increased discomfort and decreased motivation. In the me‐focused condition, a mismatch was counter‐intuitively related to decreased discomfort. These findings suggest that considering participants' reactions to training (i.e., change in discomfort and motivation), on average, may mask important differences in their response to network‐based training and that tailoring network training to participants' self‐concepts may be an important consideration for human resource management professionals.
Effect of condenser design on the performance of the natural circulation loop solar still: An experimental study
Authors: Rahmani Ahmed , Zaidi Yamina
Published: March 2022

This paper deals with an experimental study performed to evaluate the condenser geometry effect on the natural circulation loop solar still (NCLSS) performance. Three configurations for the external condenser, namely smooth single‐tube condenser, finned‐tube condenser, and three‐tube condenser, were tested under typical summer conditions. The experimental data show that the obtained daily productivity of the NCLSS for the three condenser designs was 2.057, 2.628, and 3.3 kg/m2, respectively. The comparison shows that adding external annular fins to the smooth single‐tube condenser increases the still's daily productivity by about 27%. The increase in both internal and external areas of the condenser increases the freshwater daily productivity by 60.42% than the smooth single‐tube design and by 25.57% than the finned‐tube design. The calculations show that the daily thermal efficiency of the NCLSS was 16%, 20.8%, and 25.38% for the three test days, respectively. While, the daily exergy efficiency for the three condenser designs was 1.78%, 2.12%, and 2.22%, respectively.
Investigation of flow parameters of Reiner–Philippoff nanofluid flow with higher‐order slip properties, activation energy, and bioconvection by artificial neural networks
Authors: Çolak Andaç Batur
Published: March 2022

In this study, the flow parameters of Reiner–Philippoff nanofluid flow with high‐order slip properties, activation energy, and bioconvection have been analyzed using artificial neural networks (ANNs). Local Nusselt number (LNN), local Sherwood number (LSN), and motile density number (MDN) are considered as flow parameters. Numerical values have been obtained by numerical methods using flow equations. To estimate the flow parameters, three different ANN models have been designed. The Levenberg–Marquardt training algorithm is used in multilayer perceptron network models with 10 neurons in the hidden layers. In all, 70% of the data set has been used for training the models, 15% for validation, and 15% for testing. The performance analysis of the network models has been made by calculating the determined performance parameters. The R values for the LNN, LSN, and MDN parameters have been calculated as 0.99261, 0.98769, and 0.99102, respectively, and the average deviation values are −0.65%, 0.06%, and −0.11%, respectively. The attained outcomes showed that the ANNs can predict the LNN, LSN, and MDN, which are the flow parameters of the Reiner–Philippoff nanofluid flow, with high accuracy.
Comparison of some evapotranspiration models using lysimeter measurements in arid climate conditions
Authors: Tarı Ali Fuat , Nacar Mehmet Sami , Nacar Abdullah Suat , Akın Sabri
Published: March 2022

Accurate calculation of evapotranspiration (ET) for all crops plays an important role. This study was conducted to determine the most accurate reference evapotranspiration (ETr) estimation model for arid climatic conditions using the decision support system (DSS) program for alfalfa plants in south‐east Anatolia, Turkey, in 2019 and 2020. The evapotranspiration of 12 mathematical models (ETr‐m) and the evapotranspiration of a lysimeter (ETr‐l) were used to estimate ETr. In 2 experimental years, 1133 and 1270 mm of irrigation water were applied to alfalfa plants, respectively. The actual total ET was calculated as 1288 and 1294 mm in 2019 and 2020, respectively. The root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), ETr‐m/ETr‐l, and index of agreement (d) were calculated separately for each mathematical model. The RMSE, MAE, ETr‐m/ETr‐l and d values for the mathematical models had a range of 1.25–3.57 mm day−1, 0.91–1.98 mm day−1, 0.64–1.04 and 0.56–0.94, respectively. According to the results of the regression analysis with the RMSE, MAE, ETr/ETr‐m and d values obtained from the models, the Businger–Van Bavel model was the most accurate prediction model. The others were the FAO PPP‐17 Penman and the 1982 Kimberly Penman models, respectively.
BMSCs mediates endothelial cell autophagy by upregulating miR‐155‐5p to alleviate ventilator‐induced lung injury
Authors: Lin Xin , Yu Tianxing , Luo Jianxiong , Chen Lin , Liu Yang , Xu Junping , Chen Lifang , Lin Qiong , Bao Yuwang , Xu Liyu
Published: March 2022

In this study, we explored to detect the effects and mechanism of bone‐marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on ventilator‐induced lung injury (VILI). We transplanted BMSCs in mice and then induced VILI using mechanical ventilation (MV) treatment. The pathological changes, the content of PaO2 and PaCO2, wet/dry weight ratio (W/D) of the lung, levels of tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐6 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and apoptosis were detected. The autophagy‐associated factor p62, LC3, and Beclin‐1 expression were analyzed by western blot. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction was applied to detect abnormally expressed microRNAs, including miR‐155‐5p. Subsequently, we overexpressed miR‐155‐5p in VILI mice to detect the effects of miR‐155‐5p on MV‐induced lung injury. Then, we carried out bioinformatics analysis to verify the BMSCs‐regulated miR‐155‐5p that target messenger RNA. It was observed that BMSCs transplantation mitigated the severity of VILI in mice. BMSCs transplantation reduced lung inflammation, strengthened the arterial oxygen partial pressure, and reduced apoptosis and the W/D of the lung. BMSCs promoted autophagy of pulmonary endothelial cells accompanied by decreased p62 and increased LC3 II/I and Beclin‐1. BMSCs increased the levels of miR‐155‐5p in VILI mice. Overexpression of miR‐155‐5p alleviated lung injury in VILI mice following reduced apoptosis and increased autophagy. Finally, TAB2 was identified as a downstream target of miR‐155‐5p and regulated by miR‐155‐5p. BMSCs may protect lung tissues from MV‐induced injury, inhibit lung inflammation, promote autophagy through upregulating of miR‐155‐5p.
Metacognitive interpersonal group therapy for adolescents with avoidant personality disorder: The case of Sofia
Authors: Inchausti Felix , Velázquez‐Basterra Gala , Fonseca‐Pedrero Eduardo , MacBeth Angus , Popolo Raffaele , Dimaggio Giancarlo
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Early intervention studies for adolescents and early adults are required to explore the acceptability and effectiveness of psychological therapies across the full range of personality disorders (PDs) beyond just borderline PD. The main aim of the current paper was to describe a Metacognitive Interpersonal Therapy group adaptation for adolescents (MIT‐GA) presenting with PDs featuring overcontrol and social inhibition, and in particular Avoidant PD characteristics.

Methods

We report findings from a single case of a female adolescent diagnosed with Avoidant PD providing preliminary data on feasibility and the possible effectiveness of MIT‐GA.

Results

Evidence of acceptability and meaningful clinical gains are described.

Conclusions

Results suggest that MIT‐GA could be a powerful treatment option in patients with generalized social avoidance who do not currently receive gold‐standard psychotherapeutic treatments. This intervention also appears to be effective and cost‐effective in initiating significant clinical changes in profiles of young patients with non‐borderline PD symptoms.
Competencies for on‐call physicians for home medical care: A qualitative study of home care providers' experiences in Japan’s super‐aged society
Authors: Nagano Hiroyuki , Tsugihashi Yukio , Tatsuno Mai
Published: March 2022

Background

In Japan, many older people hope to receive end‐of‐life care at home. In such situations, team‐based home medical care with the support of on‐call physicians is needed. However, to date, necessary competencies for the on‐call physicians have yet to be clarified. We aim to reveal the competencies for on‐call physicians in home medical care settings.

Method

This was a qualitative study of semi‐structured interviews concerning competencies for on‐call physicians in home medical care. We evaluated digitally recorded interviews with eight home care professionals in seven home care facilities (three clinics, one hospital, and three nursing agencies) in A City, Japan. The transcribed data were analyzed by three researchers using thematic analysis.

Results

The competencies for on‐call physicians were divided into the following six categories: clinical skills for frequent complaints, collecting patients' information in advance, understanding purposes of home care, understanding general roles of home care health professionals, thoughtfulness toward patients' families, and an attitude of humility.

Conclusion

These competencies were classified into disease‐specific and interpersonal (collaborative) skills in home medical care. The competencies revealed by the study could contribute to the development of effective learning and preparation for on‐call physicians who support home medical care.
In silico analysis and experimental validation to exhibit anti‐nasopharyngeal carcinoma effects of plumbagin, an anti‐cancer compound
Authors: Liang Xiao , Pan Qijin , Liao Yimei , Nie Litao , Yang Lu , Liu Fangxian , Su Min
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is publicly known as a malignant tumor. Our previous study reported that plumbagin exhibits potent anti‐cancer actions. Nevertheless, more mechanical details of plumbagin against NPC remain unknown. The present study aimed to unmask the core targets/genes and anti‐NPC mechanisms involved in the signaling pathways of plumbagin prior to biochemical validation.

METHODS

A network pharmacology approach was employed to respective identification of mutual and core targets/genes in plumbagin and/treating NPC. Molecular docking determination was used to identify core target proteins for biochemical validation using human and cell line samples.

RESULTS

In total, 60 anti‐NPC genes of plumbagin were screened out, and then nine core target genes of plumbagin against NPC were identified accordingly. The enrichment findings revealed detailed biological functions and pharmacological pathways of plumbagin against NPC. Moreover, in silico analysis using molecular docking had determined the core targets for further experimental validation, comprising protein kinase B (AKT1) and sarcoma gene (SRC). In human sample validation, clinical NPC sections showed increased positive expression of AKT1 and SRC. Additionally, plumbagin‐treated NPC cells resulted in inactivated protein expression of AKT1 and SRC.

CONCLUSION

The re‐identified core targets/genes in the molecular docking report may function as plumbagin‐related pharmacological targets for treating NPC via experimental validation. Furthermore, additional anti‐NPC molecular mechanisms of plumbagin action were disclosed on the basis of enrichment findings. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.