bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toll‐like receptor 13‐mediated signaling protects against the development of colon cancer
Authors: Rafique Asma , Ali Irshad , Kim Seukchan , Farooq Adeel , Manzoor Umar , Moon Jeungho , Arooj Madeeha , Ahn Meejung , Park Youngjun , Hyun Chang Lim , Koh Young‐Sang
Published: July 2024

Appropriate host‐microbiota interactions are essential for maintaining intestinal homeostasis; hence, an imbalance in these interactions leads to inflammation‐associated intestinal diseases. Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) recognize microbial ligands and play a key role in host–microbe interactions in health and disease. TLR13 has a well‐established function in enhancing host defenses against pathogenic bacteria. However, its role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and controlling colitis‐associated colon cancer (CAC) is largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the involvement of TLR13‐mediated signaling in intestinal homeostasis and colonic tumorigenesis using ex vivo cell and in vivo CAC animal model. Tlr13‐deficient mice were prone to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)‐induced colitis. During the early stages of the CAC regimen (AOM/DSS‐treated), Tlr13 deficiency led to severe ulcerative colitis. Moreover, Tlr13‐deficient mice exhibited increased intestinal permeability, as evidenced by elevated levels of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐dextran, endotoxins, and bacterial translocation. Enhanced cell survival and proliferation of colonic intestinal cells were observed in Tlr13‐deficient mice. A transcriptome analysis revealed that Tlr13 deficiency is associated with substantial changes in gene expression profile of colonic tumor tissue. Tlr13‐deficient mice were more susceptible to CAC, with increased production of interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐12, and TNF‐α cytokines and enhanced STAT3, NF‐κB, and MAPK signaling in colon tissues. These findings suggest that TLR13 plays a protective role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and controlling CAC. Our study provides a novel perspective on intestinal health via TLR13‐mediated signaling, which is crucial for deciphering the role of host‐microbiota interactions in health and disease.
Biocompatibility of mussel‐inspired water‐soluble tissue adhesives
Authors: Menon Aishwarya V. , Putnam‐Neeb Amelia A. , Brown Caitlin E. , Crain Christa J. , Breur Gert J. , Narayanan Sanjeev K. , Wilker Jonathan J. , Liu Julie C.
Published: July 2024

Wound closure in surgeries is traditionally achieved using invasive methods such as sutures and staples. Adhesion‐based wound closure methods such as tissue adhesives, sealants, and hemostats are slowly replacing these methods due to their ease of application. Although several chemistries have been developed and used commercially for wound closure, there is still a need for better tissue adhesives from the point of view of toxicity, wet‐adhesion strength, and long‐term bonding. Catechol chemistry has shown great promise in developing wet‐set adhesives that meet these criteria. Herein, we have studied the biocompatibility of a catechol‐based copolymer adhesive, poly([dopamine methacrylamide]‐co‐[methyl methacrylate]‐co‐[poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate]) or poly(catechol‐MMA‐OEG), which is soluble in water. The adhesive was injected subcutaneously in a mouse model on its own and in combination with a sodium periodate crosslinker. After 72 h, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks, the mice were euthanized and subjected to histopathological analysis. Both adhesives were present and still palpable at the end of 12 weeks. The moderate inflammation observed for the poly(catechol‐MMA‐OEG) cohort at 72 h had reduced to mild inflammation at the end of 12 weeks. However, the moderate inflammatory response observed for the poly(catechol‐MMA‐OEG) + crosslinker cohort at 72 h had not subsided at 12 weeks.
Psychosocial dimensions of vaccine hesitancy: A systematic review
Authors: Rizzo Marco , Gattino Silvia , Trombetta Tommaso , Calandri Emanuela , De Piccoli Norma
Published: July 2024

Despite widely recognised effectiveness against the spread of COVID‐19, vaccine hesitancy persists. This systematic literature review aimed to clarify the definition and the operationalisation of the term ‘vaccine hesitancy’ and disclose the various psychosocial factors underlying this phenomenon. The results of studies conducted in European countries and in the United States after the vaccines became available were taken into account.

The review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analyses statement. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed.

efinitions and measures of vaccine hesitancy differed across the studies, limiting their comparison. Nonetheless, by drawing on theoretical frameworks, we were able to identify several psychosocial variables in determining vaccine hesitancy.

Our findings point to the need for a transdisciplinary approach to understanding the antecedents of vaccine hesitancy. A better understanding of the phenomenon may help to develop interventions and social policies to address a complex challenge such as vaccination hesitancy.
Community contexts and knowledge: accountability, leadership and meaningful involvement of communities in Programme Science
Authors: Thomas Ruth Morgan , Spieldenner Andrew , Castellanos Erika , Chang Judy , Kim Jules
Published: July 2024

Introduction

A Programme Science approach that prioritizes populations who will benefit most and ensuring resources are allocated to programmes that meet the needs of those populations will bring an equity focus to research. Gay men and other men who have sex with men, people who use drugs, sex workers of all genders, and trans and gender‐diverse people, defined by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (Global Fund) as key populations, have been disproportionately impacted since the start of the HIV pandemic. Through documenting community experiences from global key population‐led networks, the authors explore the potential value and impact of community‐led organizations and service delivery as critical components in effective HIV and Sexually Transmitted infections (STI) programmes.

Discussion

Through advocacy and research interventions, global key population networks have identified barriers against scaling up interventions for criminalized and marginalized communities, as well as highlighted solutions. The authors examine some of the current barriers to meaningful involvement of communities and the scaling up of community‐led programmes that need to be addressed if Programme Science is to maintain an equity lens and the needs of key populations are to be met and highlight the need to make visible community engagement and participation in embedded research and Programme Science.

Conclusions

The Programme Science approach provides an important opportunity to understand practical issues that will increase effective coverage in the implementation of public health and other interventions, which will require the prioritizing of key populations and their priorities in HIV and STI programmes. It will require extensive time and work to build relationships, increase capacity and share power. Where this has already happened, it has resulted in positive outcomes, including better health outcomes, reduced stigma, increased agency for key populations, and built community‐led organizations and responses.
Differentiation of regioisomers of sulfobenzoic acid by traveling‐wave ion mobility mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Jinxin , Kumar Meenu , Pinto Spencer , Samarasinghe Ishira , Attygalle Athula B.
Published: July 2024

An ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM‐MS) investigation using a Synapt G2 mass spectrometer was conducted to separate anions generated from the three regioisomers of sulfobenzoic acid. The results revealed that the differences in arrival time distributions (ATDs) were inadequate to differentiate the isomers unambiguously. However, the ATD profiles of the product ions, generated by fragmenting the respective mass‐selected m/z 201 precursor ions in the Trap region of the three‐compartment traveling‐wave ion guide of the Synapt G2 mass spectrometer, were distinctly different, enabling definitive differentiation of the isomers. An arrival‐time peak for an ion of m/z 157 resulting from the loss of CO2 from the respective precursors was common to all three mobilograms. However, only the profile recorded from the para‐isomer exhibited a unique arrival‐time peak for an ion of m/z 137, originating from an SO2 loss. Such a peak corresponding to an SO2 loss was absent in the ATD profiles of the ortho‐ and meta‐isomers. Additionally, the mobilogram of the meta‐isomer displayed a unique peak at 3.42 ms. Based on its product ion spectrum, this peak was attributed to the bisulfite anion (m/z 81; HSO3ˉ). Previously, this meta‐isomer specific m/z 81 ion had been proposed to originate from a two‐step process involving the intermediacy of an m/z 157 ion formed by CO2 loss. However, our detailed tandem mass spectrometric experiments suggest that the m/z 81 is not a secondary product but rather an ion that originated from a direct elimination of a benzyne derivative from the m/z 201 precursor ion.
Hepatitis C virus‐induced differential transcriptional traits in host cells after persistent infection elimination by direct‐acting antivirals in cell culture
Authors: Castro Victoria , Calvo Gema , Oliveros Juan Carlos , Pérez‐del‐Pulgar Sofía , Gastaminza Pablo
Published: July 2024

Chronic hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) causes liver inflammation and fibrosis, leading to the development of severe liver disease, such as cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Approval of direct‐acting antiviral drug combinations has revolutionized chronic HCV therapy, with virus eradication in >98% of the treated patients. The efficacy of these treatments is such that it is formally possible for cured patients to carry formerly infected cells that display irreversible transcriptional alterations directly caused by chronic HCV Infection. Combining differential transcriptomes from two different persistent infection models, we observed a major reversion of infection‐related transcripts after complete infection elimination. However, a small number of transcripts were abnormally expressed in formerly infected cells. Comparison of the results obtained in proliferating and growth‐arrested cell culture models suggest that permanent transcriptional alterations may be established by several mechanisms. Interestingly, some of these alterations were also observed in the liver biopsies of virologically cured patients. Overall, our data suggest a direct and permanent impact of persistent HCV infection on the host cell transcriptome even after virus elimination, possibly contributing to the development of HCC.
Synergistic anti‐cancer and antimicrobial effects of Ganoderma lucidum and Lentinus edodes mushroom extracts‐loaded niosomes
Authors: Zalnezhad Saeed , Adeli‐Sardou Mahboubeh , Roostaee Maryam , Barani Mahmood , Mirzaei Mohammad , Sargazi Ghasem
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the potential synergy effect of Ganoderma lucidum and Lentinus edodes mushroom extracts delivered through niosomes (composed of Span 40, Tween 40, and cholesterol) for anti‐cancer and antimicrobial applications. GC–MS analysis revealed bioactive compounds such as d‐limonene, ascorbic acid, and ergosterol in the extracts, known for their anti‐cancer and antimicrobial effects. The niosomal formulations exhibited improved physical properties, with sizes ranging from 96 to 160 nm and polydispersity index (PDI) values in the range of 0.29–0.54, suggesting that the niosomes had an acceptable size distribution and homogeneity. In cell culture studies, the niosomal formulations demonstrated significant cytotoxic effects on A549 lung cancer cells, with the combination of both extracts leading to a notable decrease in cell viability to 14.86%. Additionally, the combination of G. lucidum and L. edodes extracts in niosomal form showed varying and potent antimicrobial properties against pathogenic bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus) and fungi (Candida albicans) with lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values compared to their free form, indicating a potential synergistic effect. The findings highlight the potential synergistic anti‐cancer and antimicrobial effects of the combined mushroom extracts delivered through niosomes, offering valuable insights for developing novel drug delivery systems.
Decoding halal and jhatka slaughter: novel insights into welfare and protein biomarkers in slow‐growing broiler chicken
Authors: Govindaiah Prasad M , Maheswarappa Naveena B , Banerjee Rituparna , Muthukumar Muthupalani , Manohar Balaji B , Mishra Bidyut Prava , Sen Arup R , Biswas Ashim K
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

The first evidence of blood biochemical and proteomic changes in slow‐growing broiler chicken subjected to ritual slaughter like halal (HS) and jhatka (JS) without stunning and commercial slaughter with electrical stunning (ES) was decoded.

RESULTS

Significant stress indicators like cortisol and triiodothyronine were markedly elevated in JS birds, whereas increased (P < 0.05) levels of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase were observed in JS and ES birds. Two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled to MALDI‐TOF MS elucidated the overabundance of glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase and l‐lactate dehydrogenase that are positively correlated with stress in JS broilers. Bioinformatic analysis explored the multifaceted landscape of molecular functions.

CONCLUSION

The study has uncovered that ritual slaughter performed without stunning against commercial slaughter with ES practices elicit varying levels of stress as evident from blood biochemistry and novel protein markers. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
VR device with high resolution, high luminance, and low power consumption using 1.50‐in. organic light‐emitting diode display
Authors: Ikeda Hisao , Hatsumi Ryo , Tamatsukuri Yuki , Miyata Shoki , Nakamura Daiki , Kozuma Munehiro , Kobayashi Hidetomo , Yamane Yasumasa , Yamagata Sachiko , Tsukamoto Yousuke , Yamazaki Shunpei
Published: July 2024

We fabricated a microdisplay with a 1.50‐in. organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) and a pixel density as high as 3207 ppi. An ideal display with high luminance, low power consumption, an ultrahigh aperture ratio, and a wide color gamut can be fabricated using a metal maskless lithography technology for patterning OLED layers and an oxide semiconductor large‐scale integration (OSLSI)/silicon LSI backplane. We designed a virtual reality device that exhibited less ghosting and a field of view of 90° or greater by combining the microdisplay and a novel pancake lens.
Lethal wolf control elicits change in moose habitat selection in unexpected ways
Authors: Ethier Claire A. , Barnas Andrew F. , Boucher Nicole P. , Baillie‐David Katherine , Fisher Jason T.
Published: July 2024

Moose (Alces alces) and woodland caribou (Ranger tarandus caribou) are the 2 large prey species for wolves (Canis lupus) in the Nearctic boreal forest in North America. Caribou have declined, with widespread anthropogenic disturbance as the ultimate cause and wolf predation as the proximal cause. To conserve caribou the government of Alberta, Canada initiated a wolf control program to reduce predation rates on caribou populations and contribute to caribou population recovery. Predators play an important role in shaping the structure and function of ecosystems through top‐down forces. We hypothesized that the strongest factors influencing moose occurrences would reflect changes in predation risk before and after the onset of wolf control. We weighed evidence for competing hypothesis by deploying cameras across a highly industrialized landscape in Alberta for 3 years after wolf control (2017–2020), capitalizing on 3 years of existing data before the onset of wolf control (2011–2014). We created generalized linear models representing competing hypotheses about moose response to natural and anthropogenic landscape features before and after wolf control, examining support for each in an information‐theoretic framework. Prior to wolf control, the model containing landscape features providing security cover was best‐supported, but this was scale‐dependent. After wolf control, the model containing landscape features that offer increased forage opportunities was best‐supported. Unexpectedly, the direction of effect was often opposite to predictions, with moose avoiding some features thought to provide security and forage. We demonstrate that lethal predator control affects the spatial distribution of its primary prey species but in ways we do not fully comprehend, highlighting the need for a better understanding of community dynamics following wolf control.
Authenticity in TikTok: How content creator popularity and brand size influence consumer engagement with sponsored user‐generated content
Authors: Walsh Darlene , Kliamenakis Argiro , Laroche Michel , Jabado Sarah
Published: July 2024

This research examines how sponsored user‐generated content influences consumer engagement on TikTok across three studies. In the first study, we demonstrate that when content creators endorse brands through sponsorship, they are perceived as less authentic. This perceived lack of authenticity, in turn, reduces consumer engagement with brands. In the second study, we show that the influence of sponsorship on consumer engagement is moderated by the content creator's popularity, as reflected by their follower count. Specifically, the negative effect of sponsorship on consumer engagement is observed only among popular creators with large followings, while less popular creators do not experience the same negative impact. In the third study, we show that for popular creators, sponsorship can enhance consumer engagement when the endorsed brand is perceived as small, compared to when it is perceived as large. Together, these findings extend our theoretical understanding of how sponsored user‐generated content shapes consumer engagement on TikTok. Additionally, our research provides valuable insights for brand managers aiming to develop effective digital marketing strategies and for content creators looking to optimize engagement with their audience.
High Performance Piezoelectric Nanogenerators Based on Polyvinylidene Fluoride‐Graphene Nanoribbon Composite Thin Films
Authors: Adıgüzel Seçil Peker , Ercan Nevra
Published: July 2024

In this study, a highly efficient, sensitive, and lightweight piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) is developed using graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) incorporated into the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix. Unzipping multi‐walled carbon nanotubes is an effective and scalable strategy for synthesizing graphene nanoribbons. The synthesized GNRs are employed to prepare nanometer‐scale piezoelectric polymer composite films showing higher piezoelectric performance than neat PVDF. The impact of GNR concentration in the PVDF matrix on the electroactive phase content and piezoelectric properties of the composites is systematically investigated. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier‐transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) analysis demonstrate an increase in the electroactive β and γ phases of PVDF by incorporating GNRs in the composites. With the optimized concentration of GNRs (1 wt%), the fabricated piezoelectric device can generate open‐circuit voltage and an output power density of 26 V and 16.52 µWcm2, respectively. It is also found that the PVDF‐GNR 1 nanogenerator can be used to generate electrical power by converting mechanical energy from different human activities such as wrist bending, palm tapping, and toe tapping. The findings indicate that (PVDF‐GNR 1) PENG can be applied in self‐powered portable and wearable electronic devices.
Continuous Subcutaneous Foslevodopa‐Foscarbidopa in Parkinson's Disease: A Mini‐Review of Current Scope and Future Outlook
Authors: Aubignat Mickael , Tir Melissa
Published: July 2024

Background

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non‐motor symptoms, primarily because of the impairment of dopaminergic neurons. Long‐term use of levodopa, the standard PD treatment, often results in fluctuating therapeutic effects and dyskinesia, necessitating alternative therapies.

Objectives

This review aims to synthesize current insights and clinical experiences with foslevodopa‐foscarbidopa, focusing on its pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety profile, to evaluate its potential in transforming PD therapy.

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted up to November 2023 using databases PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. The search yielded eight eligible articles, including pharmacological studies, case reports, observational studies, and controlled trials. No language restrictions were applied.

Results

Foslevodopa and foscarbidopa, as prodrugs of levodopa and carbidopa, exhibited excellent chemical stability and solubility, facilitating continuous subcutaneous infusion. Clinical trials demonstrated that these prodrugs maintain stable levodopa levels, thereby addressing the limitations of oral levodopa therapy. Phase 1 and 3 studies indicated significant improvements in motor function and quality of life in advanced PD patients. However, a higher incidence of treatment‐emergent adverse events, mainly infusion site reactions, was observed compared to oral therapies.

Conclusions

Foslevodopa‐foscarbidopa emerges as a promising alternative for advanced PD treatment, offering sustained symptom control. Its efficacy in managing motor fluctuations and dyskinesia makes it a viable option in the PD therapeutic spectrum. Future research should focus on long‐term safety, economic impact, and broader accessibility. Foslevodopa‐foscarbidopa is now commercially distributed in many countries in Europe and in Japan.
Heme homeostasis and its regulation by hemoproteins in bacteria
Authors: Li Yingxi , Han Sirui , Gao Haichun
Published: July 2024

Heme is an important cofactor and a regulatory molecule involved in various physiological processes in virtually all living cellular organisms, and it can also serve as the primary iron source for many bacteria, particularly pathogens. However, excess heme is cytotoxic to cells. In order to meet physiological needs while preventing deleterious effects, bacteria have evolved sophisticated cellular mechanisms to maintain heme homeostasis. Recent advances in technologies have shaped our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that govern the biological processes crucial to heme homeostasis, including synthesis, acquisition, utilization, degradation, trafficking, and efflux, as well as their regulation. Central to these mechanisms is the regulation of the heme, by the heme, and for the heme. In this review, we present state‐of‐the‐art findings covering the biochemical, physiological, and structural characterization of important, newly identified hemoproteins/systems involved in heme homeostasis.
Google Internet searches related to inflammatory arthritis: An observational study using Google Trends data
Authors: Akthar Mumina , Mason Kayleigh J. , Scott Ian C.
Published: July 2024

Objective

The Internet has transformed how patients access health information. We examined Google search engine data to understand which aspects of health are most often searched for in combination with inflammatory arthritis (IA).

Methods

Using Google Trends data (2011–2022) we determined the relative popularity of searches for ‘patient symptoms’ (pain, fatigue, stiffness, mood, work) and ‘treat‐to‐target’ (disease‐modifying drugs, steroids, swelling, inflammation) health domains made with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and axial spondyloarthritis (AxSpA) in the UK/USA. Google Trends normalises searches by popularity over time and region, generating 0–100 scale relative search volumes (RSV; 100 represents the time‐point with most searches). Up to five search term combinations can be compared.

Results

In all IA forms, pain was the most popular patient symptom domain. UK/USA searches for pain gave mean RSVs of 58/79, 34/51, and 39/63 with RA, PsA, and AxSpA; mean UK/USA RSVs for other patient symptom domains ranged 2–7/2–8. Methotrexate was the most popular treat‐to‐target search term with RA/PsA in the UK (mean 28/21) and USA (mean 63/33). For AxSpA, inflammation was most popular (mean UK/USA 9/34). Searches for pain were substantially more popular than searches for methotrexate in RA and PsA, and inflammation in AxSpA. Searches increased over time.

Conclusions

Pain is the most popular search term used with IA in Google searches in the UK/USA, supporting surveys/qualitative studies highlighting the importance of improving pain to patients with IA. Routine pain assessments should be embedded within treat‐to‐target strategies to ensure patient perspectives are considered.
Urinalysis is predictive for absence of urinary tract infection in men with and without catheters
Authors: Oh Paul , Lewis Kevin C. , Shoskes Daniel A. , Vasavada Sandip , Goldman Howard B. , Wood Hadley M. , Rhoads Daniel D. , Werneburg Glenn T.
Published: July 2024

Objectives

To determine accuracy of negative urinalysis (UA) for predicting negative urine culture and the absence of urinary tract infection (UTI), and optimal urine culture growth cutoff for UTI diagnosis in men with and without urinary catheters.

Subjects and Methods

UAs with urine cultures within 1 week from adult men were identified and evaluated. Predictive values for the absence of UTI (absence of ≥1 of the following criteria: documentation of UTI diagnosis, antibiotic prescription, uropathogen presence on culture) were calculated.

Results

In total, 22 883 UAs were included. Negative UA had a high predictive value for negative urine culture (0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.94–0.95) and absence of UTI (0.99, CI: 0.99–0.995) in the overall cohort. Negative UA also had a high predictive value for negative urine culture (0.93, CI: 0.90–0.95) and absence of UTI (0.99, CI: 0.98–0.999) in those with indwelling urinary catheters. The traditional threshold of culture growth of 100 000 colony‐forming units (CFU)/mL did not capture 22% of UTIs.

Conclusion

UA exhibits high predictive value for negative urine culture and absence of UTI in men, supporting a protocol wherein culture is only performed in the context of abnormal UA. The traditional 100 000 CFU/mL cut‐off may have not captured a subset of UTI in the male population, and warrants further investigation.
Simulation of impacts between spherical rigid bodies with frictional effects
Authors: Sánchez Eliana , Cosimo Alejandro , Brüls Oliver , Cardona Alberto , Cavalieri Federico J.
Published: July 2024

This work studies the impact between spherical rigid bodies in the frame of nonsmooth contact dynamics considering friction effects. A new impact element formulation based on the classical instantaneous local Newton impact law is presented. The kinematics properties of the spheres are described by a rigid body formulation with translational and rotational degrees of freedom referred to an inertial frame. In addition, an extension of the nonsmooth generalized‐ time integration scheme applied to collisions with multiple impacts including Coulomb's friction law is given. Six numerical examples are presented to evaluate the robustness and the performance of the proposed methodology.
Surgical Thromboprophylaxis in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer: An Economic Model
Authors: Lorenz F. Jeffrey , Martinazzi Brandon J. , Goyal Neerav
Published: July 2024

Objective

To quantify postoperative venous thromboembolism (VTE) incidence in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients, and assess the economic implications of chemoprophylaxis.

Study Design

Retrospective cost‐effective analysis.

Setting

Fifty‐three health care organizations.

Methods

The TriNetX Research Network was queried to identify the 1‐month VTE rate in HNC patients undergoing neck dissection from 2012 to 2022. A literature search provided additional postsurgical VTE rates in HNC patients. Costs of prophylactic heparin and enoxaparin were obtained from a drug wholesaler, and VTE‐associated medical costs were sourced from the literature. A break‐even analysis determined the absolute risk reduction (ARR) in the VTE rate necessary for a medication to break‐even on cost.

Results

In TriNetX, 8193 HNC surgical patients underwent neck dissection, and an additional 1640 patients underwent neck dissection plus free flap reconstruction without chemoprophylaxis. Respective 1‐month VTE rates were 1.3% (n = 103) and 2.5% (n = 41). Four additional studies of 1546 postoperative HNC patients not prescribed chemoprophylaxis reported a mean VTE rate of 3.8% (n = 59), ranging from 1.9% to 13.0%. At $8.40 per week, heparin resulted in cost savings if it decreased the VTE rate by an ARR of at least 0.05%, while enoxaparin, at $23.66 per week, needed to achieve a 0.14% ARR. Considering potential added costs from bleeding complications, heparin, and enoxaparin remained cost‐effective if chemoprophylaxis did not increase bleeding complications by an absolute risk of more than 2.86% and 2.79%, respectively.

Conclusion

Postoperative VTE rates varied in HNC patients. Despite this, achievable ARRs suggested the potential cost‐effectiveness of routine chemoprophylaxis with heparin and enoxaparin.
Slow‐release fertilizer behavior of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/urea/TiO2 nanofiber membrane
Authors: Inayah Nadiisah Nurul , Kusumaatmaja Ahmad , Murtafi'atin Rini
Published: July 2024

Nanofiber is a material used as a drug carrier matrix in drug release materials. Its morphology has high porosity and good flexibility, making it suitable for this purpose. The use of nanofiber as a carrier matrix in slow‐release fertilizer (SRF) material is expected to provide a solution for releasing fertilizer into the soil more measurably and efficiently In this study, PVA/Urea/TiO2 nanofibers were fabricated using the electrospinning method. PVA/Urea/TiO2 SRFs were prepared using varying urea mass percentages (10%, 15%, and 20% of PVA mass) and the concentration of titanium dioxide suspension solution (0, 0.2, and 0.4 mL). Every sample was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and tested using contact angle and slow‐release tests. From SEM characterizations, all samples showed the ability to form nanofiber. It was found that the membrane diameter sizes for each sample A, B, C, D, E, and F were 341 ± 5, 309 ± 12, 109 ± 3, 313 ± 10, 109 ± 3, and 158 ± 6 nm, respectively. The FTIR characterizations showed that all the matrix samples successfully contained the nitrogen group, which was found at wave number 1605 cm−1 (NH deformation), 1574 cm−1 (CN stretching), and 3430 cm−1 (NH stretching). The SEM mapping images confirmed the presence of titanium dioxide (green dots). The contact angle test showed that all samples had hydrophilic properties (the contact angle value lower than 90°), and the greatest value of contact angle measurement was 31.08° for sample C/E (sample with the most presence of TiO2 suspension solution 0.4 mL). The sample with the greatest TiO2 suspension concentration (0.4 mL) had the longest urea release time, lasting 8 days. This result indicates the addition of TiO2, can potentially suppress the hydrophilic properties of the PVA membrane. It is found that the addition of TiO2 influenced the membrane's hydrophilicity, consequently increasing the release rate. This study used the Korsmeyer–Peppas mathematical kinetic model to show that diffusion and swelling are release mechanisms for SRF membranes.
Impact of agricultural atmospheric pollutants on the opto‐electrical performance of CIGS solar cells
Authors: Debono Adèle , Fikree Noor , Julien Arthur , Rebai Amelle , Harada Nao , Schneider Nathanaelle , Guillemoles Jean‐François , Volovitch Polina
Published: July 2024

The reliability of CIGS solar systems in agricultural environments was investigated using an accelerated aging test. Both complete cells and representative stacks of selected layers and interfaces were exposed to humidity and temperature variations for 9 to 14 days with and without ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4, an aerosol pollutant representative of agricultural activities. The performance evolution of complete cells was evaluated by J‐V curves and EQE measurements. After 9 days, the presence of (NH4)2SO4 led to a performance loss of 58%, significantly higher than the 37% loss observed without pollutants. Using computer calculations based on the two‐diode model, it was possible to de‐correlate some interactions between J‐V parameters. The results of modeling suggested that the pollutant caused optical losses and conductivity loss of electrical contacts, presumably by corrosion. Sheet resistance and Hall effect measurements on the representative stacks of layers confirmed that the conductivity loss of ZnO:Al (AZO) after 14 days of aging strongly impacted the cell performance, this phenomenon being even more severe in the presence of (NH4)2SO4. The conductivity of Mo remained significantly less affected by aging both with and without pollutants. The NiAlNi contacts after aging with (NH4)2SO4 became so resistive that measurement was impossible. Corroborating modeling and experimental results, the drop in Jsc was attributed to the loss of the interference fringes in the AZO rather than to the loss of optical transmittance. Finally, aging without pollutants mostly impacted Voc and Rsh due to the formation of shunt paths.
Bronchiolitis: Increased severity in the post‐COVID‐19 era
Authors: Boccard Victorine , Prevost Blandine , Denamur Sophie , Peulier‐Maitre Elora , Nathan Nadia , Corvol Harriet
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Acute bronchiolitis is a pressing public health concern, leading to numerous infant hospitalizations worldwide annually. The notable decrease in bronchiolitis hospitalizations during the COVID‐19 pandemic sparked concerns about a potential resurgence post‐pandemic. Questions also arose about the severity of post‐pandemic cases compared to prepandemic ones. This study aimed to compare bronchiolitis severity before and after the COVID‐19 pandemic, alongside changes in the epidemiology of bronchiolitis viral agents.

Material and Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of medical records concerning infants under 12 months hospitalized for acute bronchiolitis in our pediatric pulmonology department over a period of 5 years: 2 pre‐COVID years (2018−2020), the COVID year (2020), and 2 post‐COVID years (2021−2023). Clinical and laboratory data were collected using standardized forms.

Results

Hospital admissions exhibited comparable rates pre‐ and post‐COVID but witnessed a decline during the COVID period. Post‐COVID, bronchiolitis severity increased, with longer hospitalization durations (p < 0.001) and increased oxygen therapy (p = 0.04), coinciding with a surge in the prevalence of RSV infections (p = 0.01). Patients testing positive for RSV were significantly younger (p = 0.005) and exhibited more severe symptoms.

Discussion and Conclusion

This study reveals a significant increase in bronchiolitis severity and a rise in RSV cases following the COVID pandemic. The implementation of preventive measures such as nirsevimab is crucial to alleviate the burden of respiratory illnesses in vulnerable populations. Continued vigilance and research are needed to address the evolving challenges of bronchiolitis in the post‐COVID era.
Elaboration of the Homer1 recognition landscape reveals incomplete divergence of paralogous EVH1 domains
Authors: Singer Avinoam , Ramos Alejandra , Keating Amy E.
Published: July 2024

Short sequences that mediate interactions with modular binding domains are ubiquitous throughout eukaryotic proteomes. Networks of short linear motifs (SLiMs) and their corresponding binding domains orchestrate many cellular processes, and the low mutational barrier to evolving novel interactions provides a way for biological systems to rapidly sample selectable phenotypes. Mapping SLiM binding specificity and the rules that govern SLiM evolution is fundamental to uncovering the pathways regulated by these networks and developing the tools to manipulate them. We used high‐throughput screening of the human proteome to identify sequences that bind to the Enabled/VASP homology 1 (EVH1) domain of the postsynaptic density scaffolding protein Homer1. This expanded our understanding of the determinants of Homer EVH1 binding preferences and defined a new motif that can facilitate the discovery of additional Homer‐mediated interactions. Interestingly, the Homer1 EVH1 domain preferentially binds to sequences containing an N‐terminally overlapping motif that is bound by the paralogous family of Ena/VASP actin polymerases, and many of these sequences can bind to EVH1 domains from both protein families. We provide evidence from orthologous EVH1 domains in pre‐metazoan organisms that the overlap in human Ena/VASP and Homer binding preferences corresponds to an incomplete divergence from a common Ena/VASP ancestor. Given this overlap in binding profiles, promiscuous sequences that can be recognized by both families either achieve specificity through extrinsic regulatory strategies or may provide functional benefits via multi‐specificity. This may explain why these paralogs incompletely diverged despite the accessibility of further diverged isoforms.
Influence of Illumination Spectrum on Dissociation Kinetics of Iron–Boron Pairs in Silicon
Authors: Olikh Oleg , Datsenko Oleksandr , Kondratenko Serhiy
Published: July 2024

Photodissociation kinetics of iron–boron (FeB) pairs in boron‐doped Czochralski silicon is studied experimentally using different light sources. It is shown that the FeB dissociation rate depends not only on integrated light intensity and overall carrier generation rate, but also on spectral composition of illumination. The value of the material constant of dissociation K varies and has been determined to be within  s. The investigation reveals an increase in the dissociation rate with increase in photon energy. The results indicate that recombination‐enhanced defect reaction is the primary factor in the second stage of pair dissociation.
Ginsenoside CK cooperates with bone mesenchymal stem cells to enhance angiogenesis post‐stroke via GLUT1 and HIF‐1α/VEGF pathway
Authors: Chen Xijun , Qian Wenqi , Zhang Ying , Zhao Peiqi , Lin Xiangxiang , Yang Su , Zhuge Qichuan , Ni Haoqi
Published: July 2024

The transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in stroke is hindered by the restricted rates of survival and differentiation. Ginsenoside compound K (CK), is reported to have a neuroprotective effect and regulate energy metabolism. We applied CK to investigate if CK could promote the survival of MSCs and differentiation into brain microvascular endothelial‐like cells (BMECs), thereby alleviating stroke symptoms. Therefore, transwell and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) models were used to mimic oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Our results demonstrated that CK had a good affinity for GLUT1, which increased the expression of GLUT1 and the production of ATP, facilitated the proliferation and migration of MSCs, and activated the HIF‐1α/VEGF signaling pathway to promote MSC differentiation. Moreover, CK cooperated with MSCs to protect BMECs, promote angiogenesis and vascular density, enhance neuronal and astrocytic proliferation, thereby reducing infarct volume and consequently improving neurobehavioral outcomes. These results suggest that the synergistic effects of CK and MSCs could potentially be a promising strategy for stroke.
Adaptive dynamic‐surface repetitive control for uncertain nonlinear systems with mismatched disturbances and input delay
Authors: Sun Yongbo , Zhou Lan , She Jinhua , Xiao Wenbin , Li Meiliu
Published: July 2024

Based on additive state decomposition technique, this article presents an adaptive dynamic‐surface repetitive control method for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems with mismatched disturbances and input delay. First, the original uncertain nonlinear system is decomposed into a linear time invariant (LTI) primary system responsible for the periodic signal tracing and rejection task, and a nonlinear secondary system with input time delay responsible for the robust stabilization task. A modified repetitive controller with a small correction to the delay constant is then independently designed for the LTI primary system, while an adaptive dynamic surface controller is designed for the nonlinear secondary system. Stability analysis is performed for each subsystem and the design procedure of the whole system is presented in detail. Finally, comparative simulations with other repetitive control and dynamic surface control methods show that the presented method not only relaxes the constraints on the reference inputs and exogenous disturbances, but also ensures that the system has better disturbance rejection and periodic‐signal tracking performance in both transient and steady states. As a result, this method broadens the application of both repetitive control and dynamic surface control.
3D Confinement Stabilizes the Metastable Amorphous State of Antimony Nanoparticles – A New Material for Miniaturized Phase Change Memories?
Authors: Frommelius Anne , Wirth Konstantin , Ohlerth Thorsten , Siebenkotten Dario , Wintersteller Simon , Abouserie Ahed , Du Hongchu , Mayer Joachim , Yarema Maksym , Taubner Thomas , Simon Ulrich
Published: July 2024

The wet‐chemical synthesis of 3D confined antimony nanoparticles (Sb‐NP) at low and high temperatures is described. Using reaction conditions that are mild in temperature and strong in reducing power allows the synthesis of amorphous Sb‐NP stabilized with organic ligands. Exchanging the organic ligand 1‐octanethiol by iodide enabled to investigate the unusual strong stability of this metastable material through simultaneous thermal analysis combining differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. Additionally, in situ high temperature powder x‐ray diffraction (p‐XRD) shows a significant increase in stabilization of the amorphous phase in comparison to thin layered, 1D confined Sb or bulk material. Further, it is shown with scattering‐type scanning near‐field optical microscopy (s‐SNOM) experiments that the optical response of the different phases in Sb‐NP make the distinctness of each phase possible. It is proposed that the Sb‐NP introduced here can serve as a 3D‐confined optically addressable nanomaterial of miniaturized phase change memory devices.
Quantum‐Confined Perovskite Nanocrystals Enabled by Negative Catalyst Strategy for Efficient Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Wang Yuankun , Wang Sheng , Li Rui , Li Wenqiang , Long Tengfei , Wang Lin , Kong Lingmei , Cao Fan , Wu Qianqian , Jia Guohua , Yang Xuyong
Published: July 2024

The perovskite nanocrystals (PeNCs) are emerging as a promising emitter for light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) due to their excellent optical and electrical properties. However, the ultrafast growth of PeNCs often results in large sizes exceeding the Bohr diameter, leading to low exciton binding energy and susceptibility to nonradiative recombination, while small‐sized PeNCs exhibit a large specific surface area, contributing to an increased defect density. Herein, Zn2+ ions as a negative catalyst to realize quantum‐confined FAPbBr3 PeNCs with high photoluminescence quantum yields (PL QY) over 90%. Zn2+ ions exhibit robust coordination with Br− ions is introduced, effectively retarding the participation of Br− ions in the perovskite crystallization process and thus facilitating PeNCs size control. Notably, Zn2+ ions neither incorporate into the perovskite lattice nor are absorbed on the surface of PeNCs. And the reduced growth rate also promotes sufficient octahedral coordination of PeNC that reduces defect density. The LEDs based on these optimized PeNCs exhibits an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 21.7%, significantly surpassing that of the pristine PeNCs (15.2%). Furthermore, the device lifetime is also extended by twofold. This research presents a novel approach to achieving high‐performance optoelectronic devices.
Pedagogical practices and the gender gap in economics education
Authors: Engelhardt Bryan , Johnson Marianne , Siemers Sarinda
Published: July 2024

Since the 1970s, economists have regularly documented that women tend to underperform otherwise comparable men in introductory economics courses. Hypotheses as to why this finding is so persistent often target economists' pedagogical practices. In this paper, we leverage the changes forced by the COVID‐19 pandemic to explore several hypotheses. Leveraging a sample of more than 3000 students enrolled in introductory micro‐ and introductory macroeconomics across seven semesters, we examine the interaction between gender and course modality, returns to effort, and the composition of the final grade. We find the size of the gender performance gap, as measured by course grade, fluctuated significantly across pre‐, during, and post‐pandemic semesters. We conclude this variation is not explained by course modality or student effort measures; instead, we argue that assessment strategy may drive much of the gender gap. This suggests the de‐emphasis of multiple‐choice exams in grade composition may go a significant way to closing the gender gap in introductory economics performance.
Systematic approach to a government‐led technology roadmap for future‐ready adaptive traffic signal control systems
Authors: Balaci Ana Theodora , Suh Eun Suk
Published: July 2024

The economic impact of inefficient traffic control systems is significant owing to prolonged commute durations, and increased energy consumption. Traffic signal control systems (TSCSs) significantly influence traffic flows at intersections. Therefore, adaptive TSCSs (ATSCSs) that can adjust to traffic conditions in real‐time have been proposed as more efficient alternatives. However, the expensive implementation of these systems highlights the need for judicious investments in appropriate technologies and infrastructure. Therefore, a comprehensive technology roadmap should be built that guides the future development of traffic control and the infusion of technologies to address traffic needs. Additionally, as ATSCSs are developed and managed by local governments, the perspective of a government‐led technology roadmap is required to guide the roadmap development and implementation. Although studies have explored technology roadmaps across numerous sectors, the viewpoint of roadmap development guided by government entities is frequently neglected despite the role of these entities in shaping technological policies, underwriting research and development initiatives, and driving nationwide innovation strategies. In this study, a comprehensive framework is proposed for developing technology roadmaps tailored for systems and technologies led by governmental entities. This framework has been adapted from the Advanced Technology Roadmap Architecture (ATRA) and brought original adjustments thereby addressing the research gap. The study also presents strategic recommendations for the ATSCS implementation in South Korea, integrating systems engineering principles for a holistic approach to technological advancements. The framework can be replicated to serve as a guide for governments seeking to implement effective and efficient technology roadmaps for public infrastructure systems.