bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Irrigated Farmland and Associated Health Risks in Kano State, Nigeria: A Review
Authors: Miko Aliya Suleiman , Ibrahim Sani
Published: June 2024

Study’s Excerpt/Novelty

Soil pollution in Kano State is primarily caused by the use of contaminated irrigation water and household/industrial sludge as fertilizers, leading to heavy metal contamination in crops.
The buildup of heavy metals in soil and crops poses significant health risks and potential food insecurity, necessitating multiple research projects to assess and address the situation.
Implement regular monitoring of heavy metal levels in soils and crops, and establish guidelines for safe cultivation and consumption of vegetables grown on contaminated soils to mitigate health risks.

Full Abstract
The primary causes of soil pollution in Kano state, which leads to heavy metal contamination in crops grown from such soils, are using contaminated water for irrigation and household and industrial sludge as fertilizers. Along waterways where untreated wastewater flows, vegetables are planted. To determine the existing situation and potential preventative and remediation measures, it has become necessary to conduct multiple research projects on the levels of heavy metals in the soil and plants grown in Kano state, Nigeria. In light of this, this study has focused on the present and potential state of heavy metal buildup in soils and farmed crops and the potential health risks that may arise from this, including food insecurity.  The main findings of the conducted research were that regular monitoring of the level of heavy metals in soils and crops should be established, and guidelines for the cultivation and consumption of leafy vegetables grown on contaminated soils should be set equally to avoid health risks.
Serological Evidence of Epstein-Barr Virus Capsid Antigen (EB-CA) Among Pregnant Women from Cottage Hospital, Ilorin
Authors: Ajadi Ayobami Elias , Bale Sheriffdeen Issa , Sorunke Taiwo Ayodeji , Onifade Saheed Abayomi , Oyawoye Tomisin , Babasola Kofoworola Maryam
Published: June 2024

Study’s Excerpt/Novelty

This study reveals a significant Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) prevalence among pregnant women attending Cottage Hospital in Ilorin, with 95.69% of participants testing positive for anti-EBV IgG antibodies.
Notably, the highest prevalence was observed among younger women, those in the first trimester, individuals from polygamous families, and those with lower educational levels.
These findings underscore the need for increased community awareness and improved personal hygiene practices to reduce EBV infection rates and associated congenital defects.

Full Abstract
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), a member of the Herpesvirus family, has been observed to be increasing among pregnant women, leading to congenital defects. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of EBV infection among pregnant women attending Cottage Hospital in Ilorin. A total of 45 pregnant women were tested, and questionnaires were administered to volunteer subjects after obtaining their informed consent. Approximately 5 ml of blood was aseptically collected via venous puncture from the antecubital fossa and dispensed into EDTA containers. Plasma was separated after centrifugation of the blood, and the obtained plasma was screened for anti-EBV IgG antibodies using ELISA techniques. Results revealed that 43 subjects (95.69%) tested positive for EBV, while 2 (4.4%) tested negative. Among different age groups, women aged 19-20, 26-30, and 36-40 showed a prevalence rate of 100%, with the lowest prevalence of 88.8% recorded among the 31-35 age group. Regarding the pregnancy stage, 100% was seen among first-trimester participants, while the lowest prevalence of 92.3% was noted during the third trimester. The majority of respondents were married, with those from polygamous families and single individuals showing a prevalence of 100%. Participants with primary and secondary education levels displayed the highest prevalence, while those with tertiary education had the lowest. Muslims had the highest prevalence, whereas Christians had the lowest. Moreover, regarding occupation, the unemployed, artisans, and students had the highest prevalence, while civil servants and businesswomen had the lowest prevalence. In conclusion, the results from this study highlight a notable prevalence of EBV (IgG) antibodies among pregnant women. These outcomes emphasize the necessity of raising awareness in the community about the implications of EBV infection and the Significance of maintaining proper personal hygiene to mitigate the chances of infection and spread
Analisis Kenyamanan Termal Pada Gedung BPJS Kesehatan Cabang Gorontalo
Authors: Erick. A Yohanes P. , Pido Rifaldo , Boli Rahmad Hidayat
Published: June 2024

Secara geografis Indonesia berada dalam garis khatulistiwa atau tropis, namun secara thermis (suhu) tidak semua wilayah Indonesia merupakan daerah tropis. Daerah tropis menurut pengukuran suhu adalah daerah tropis dengan suhu rata-rata 20°C, sedangkan rata-rata suhu di wilayah Indonesia umumnya dapat mencapai 35°C dengan tingkat kelembaban yang tinggi, dapat mencapai 85% (iklim tropis panas lembab). Keadaan ini terjadi antara lain akibat posisi Indonesia yang berada pada pertemuan dua iklim ekstrim (akibat posisi antara 2 benua dan 2 samudra), perbandingan luas daratan dan lautannya, dan lain-lain. Kondisi ini kurang menguntungkan bagi manusia dalam melakukan aktifitasnya sebab produktifitas kerja manusia cenderung menurun atau rendah pada kondisi udara yang tidak nyaman seperti halnya terlalu dingin atau  terlalu panas. Suhu nyaman thermal untuk orang Indonesia berada pada rentang suhu 22,8°C - 25,8°C dengan kelembaban 70%. Langkah yang paling mudah untuk mengakomodasi kenyamanan tersebut adalah dengan melakukan pengkondisian secara mekanis (penggunaan AC) di dalam bangunan yang berdampak pada bertambahnya penggunaan energi (listrik). Cara yang paling murah memperoleh kenyamanan thermal adalah secara alamiah melalui pendekatan arsitektur, yaitu merancang bangunan dengan mempertimbangkan orientasi terhadap matahari dan arah angin, pemanfaatan elemen arsitektur dan material bangunan, serta pemanfaatan elemen-elemen landscape.
APPRAISAL OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE COMPULSORY TREATMENT AND CARE FOR VICTIMS OF GUNSHOT ACT 2017 IN NIGERIA
Authors: Akor Linus , Obimbua Elizabeth Njo
Published: June 2024

There has been a disturbing spike in gunshot wounds world-wide. America, for instance, has an estimated 90 million firearms in civilian hands. A total of 48,830 people died from gun-related injuries in the U.S. in 2021, an increase of 32% since 2019.The prevalence of gunshot injuries has attracted concerns from governments, victims and family members, hospital administrators, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), medical practitioners, the mass media and the academia. Such concerns are germane because gunshot injuries (GSI) constitute a major health challenge worldwide, with direct burdens on health service and the economy. One worrisome dimension however, is that many people have died from gunshot injuries on account of hospitals’ insistence on mandatory police report. In order to halt this, the Nigerian government enacted the Compulsory Treatment and Care for Victims of Gunshot (CTCVG) Act of 2017. This study appraised the implementation of the CTCVG Act. The paper utilized the documentary method to gather data and adopted the rational choice theory to provide theoretical direction for the work. A major revelation is that the CTCVG Act lacks legal validity because it is not listed in the 68 items covered under the exclusive and concurrent lists of the 1999 Nigerian Constitution. It was revealed that more than five years after its enactment, only three States, Rivers, Lagos and Delta, have domesticated the CTCVG Act. Also revealed is that in spite of the Act, many hospitals still shun gunshot victims without police report. Another finding blamed the reluctance of medical personnel on persistent police harassments. The paper recommends a meeting of the Attorneys-General of the 36 States and the Attorney General of the Federation, to propose a bill to include the Act in either the Legislative or Concurrent lists to fast track its domestication; proper sensitization and training of police and medical professionals on the provisions of the Act to forestall abuse; prosecution of breaches of the Act to guarantee compliance by hospitals and security agents while Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), human rights activists and other stakeholders, should enlighten individuals on the provisions of the law and how to enforce their rights.
SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOUR OF YOUTH IN NSUKKA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, ENUGU STATE
Authors: Ndu Akachukwu Vitalis , Ugwuoke Cyril O. , Eze Obinna J.
Published: June 2024

Debates over the years, have favored the assumption that individuals who engage in substance abuse have high proclivity to demonstrate antisocial behaviours as direct consequence of substance abuse. But with increase in different psychotropic substances and reports of wide spread substance abuse, this study attempted to revisit youth substance abuse with the hope of ascertaining the current nature of substances they abuse, the extent to which they abuse it, how the abuse relates to their antisocial behaviours, the consequences of the above on them, the challenges associated with the mitigation/control of youth drug abuse and measures that could be adopted to address the phenomenon of youth drug abuse and antisocial behaviours. The study is anchored on containment theory and based its analysis on quantitative data obtained from randomly selected sample of five hundred and ninety-four (594) youth, and qualitative data obtained from purposively selected nine (9) interviewees. Data collected using questionnaire were coded and analyzed with SPSS Version 21 for descriptive and inferential result, while the qualitative responses were transcribed and analyzed to provide in-depth insights, using direct quotes and illustrations. The study found a significant positive correlation between the extent of substance use and degree of indulgence in antisocial behaviours. Property related antisocial behaviours like theft, armed robbery and vandalism were all found to relate with different forms of substance abuse. Measures like youth empowerment, access to counselling services, public sensitization, police border patrol, and increasing the cost of regularly abused substances could be improved to reduce youth drug abuse.
ADAPTING TRADITIONS: AN EXAMINATION OF THE EVOLUTION OF THE FULƁE KINSHIP STRUCTURE IN JIGAWA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Fulani Abdu Auwalu Sarkin
Published: June 2024

This study examined the dynamic evolution of Fulɓe (Fulani) kinship structures within Jigawa State, Nigeria. Jigawa State, located in northern Nigeria, is home to a diverse range of ethnic groups, in addition to the Fulɓe. Some of these ethnic groups include Zarma (Zabarmawa), Hausa, Kanuri, Bade, Ngizim, Gungawa, and so on. Some typologies of Fulɓe people in Jigawa State include Nomadic Fulɓe, Sedentary Fulɓe, Agro-pastoral Fulɓe, Fulɓe Traders, etc. The research employed qualitative methods by utilizing secondary sources such as documents and records, books, journals, and internet sources to collect data on the dynamic evolution of Fulɓe kinship structures within Jigawa State. The investigation draws on the social structure theory to comprehend the traditional Fulɓe kinship systems, elucidating their essential functions in maintaining stability and order within Jigawa State. The findings reveal that the evolution of Fulɓe kinship structures in Jigawa State is intricately linked to historical events such as colonialism, the spread of formal education, urbanization, economic transformations, and the assimilation of modern values. Consequently, Fulɓe kinship structures in Hadejia Emirate, Ringim, Dutse, Kazaure, Birnin Kudu, and Buji, in Jigawa State, exhibit a synthesis of traditional and modern influences by adapting to the changing societal landscape. This adaptation involves a shift towards an increased emphasis on individual choice, smaller nuclear families, more flexible kinship networks, and a heightened focus on individual accomplishments. In light of these findings, the study advocates for collaborative efforts between the government and Fulɓe communities in Jigawa State to formulate policies that are supportive of the distinctive kinship structures in the State.
HIGHNESS OR ABUSIVENESS: EXPLORING ALCOHOL AND INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE DYNAMICS IN NIGERIA
Authors: Saheed Rahman Olanrewaju , Saliman Salahu Tunde , Olajumoke Adeniyi-Lawal Mariam
Published: June 2024

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) remains a pervasive social issue in Nigeria with a complex interplay of cultural, social, and individual factors contributing to its prevalence. One notable factor is the significant association between alcohol consumption and IPV, which poses a challenge to understanding and addressing this multifaceted problem. This study aimed to comprehensively examine the relationship between alcohol consumption and IPV in Nigeria, by seeking to interrogate the underlying mechanisms through theoretical frameworks and literature evidence. The study argues that alcohol consumption acts as a catalyst for IPV in Nigeria, influencing individual behaviours and interacting with societal norms. Deviance Disavowal Theory was adopted to offer a nuanced perspective on cultural dynamics at play. A systematic literature review was conducted integrating studies that explored the link between alcohol consumption and IPV in Nigeria. To ensure thorough coverage of relevant literature, different electronic sources, such as PubMed, Scopus, African Journals Online, and Google Scholar, and manual searches of references from selected studies were used. An examination of the literature revealed a relationship between alcohol consumption and IPV in Nigeria. Deviance Disavowal Theory highlights the cultural dynamics that permit alcohol as an excuse for deviant actions. This study underscores the urgency of adopting comprehensive intervention strategies that address not only individual behaviours, but also societal norms and cultural beliefs. Recommendations include targeted public health campaigns, legal reforms to strengthen enforcement against IPV, and the integration of alcohol abuse treatment into support programs.
CAMP ENVIRONMENT, SOCIAL DISPLACEMENT AND WELL-BEING OF FEMALES IN SELECTED INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS’ (IDPS) CAMPS IN THE FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY (FCT) ABUJA
Authors: ORIOLA Bolanle , ADEOYE Beatrice Damilola , FASORANTI Temitayo Victor , ODEDOKUN Ezekiel Adeyemi
Published: June 2024

The frequency and intensity of violence in Northern Nigeria with its associated humanitarian crises have necessitated the establishment of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) camps in the region. While these camps offer temporary shelters for displaced vulnerable groups, especially women and children, there are certain conditions in such camps like lack of social and basic facilities, unsafe buildings, lack of economic opportunities and security that may predispose them to further incidence of gender-based violence while seeking shelter and survival. Thus, the study examined the relationship between the social environment of IDPs camps and the well-being of female inmates in some selected IDPs camps located in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Abuja, Nigeria. The study adopted a combination of quantitative and qualitative design methods. The simple random sampling technique was utilized to select eight hundred and fifty-two (852) females on whom copies of questionnaire were administered. Findings revealed that there are diverse manifestations of gender-based violence in the IDPs camps due to the poor camp environment such as no access to basic needs and facilities, insecurity, poor buildings, drug use etc.The study findings show that the camp environment conditions have significant effects on the experience of sexual and gender-based violence F (3,840) = 132.41, p <.05. This has implication for the social well-being of the females in the IDP camps. The study recommends that the government should provide proper incentives for a comfortable camp environment and proper management of the displaced persons’ social well-being.
TACKLING RISING CASES OF STROKE AND HYPERTENSION AMONG YOUNG ADULTS THROUGH STRATEGIC COMMUNICATION IN NIGERIA
Authors: JAMES Adebayo John , Folarin Florence , ONIPEDE Grace Oluwakemi
Published: June 2024

Research evidences show that 5 million people die of stroke, and 5 million people are also left with permanent physical disability globally every year, due to the incidence of stroke. Stroke remains the third leading cause of mortality and physical disability among young adults and the aged in the developing and developed nations of the world. The public knowledge of stroke risk factors and signs have not changed. Heart attack and stroke are the symptoms of cardiovascular disease, morbidity and mortality worldwide. Stroke attack is increasing among young adults, due to changing lifestyles. This study assessed the influence of strategic communication on stroke and hypertension literacy.  The paper adopted qualitative descriptive approach to examine the elements involved in stroke cases and rising hypertension among young adults in Nigeria. The paper recommends that public health campaigns targeted at youths should aim to promote cardiovascular health and wellness. It is essential for the health care providers to enlighten young adults at early stage to imbibe cardiovascular wellness in Nigeria. Besides, early arrival of stroke patients to stroke centres or hospitals for immediate medical attention should be widely emphasized through public education and strategic communication process in the media.
NATURE AND EFFECT OF WASTE GENERATED IN NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Apake Faridah Ladi , Ukawuilulu John Obioma , Osisiogu Udoh C.
Published: June 2024

The problem of indiscriminate waste disposal dates back to the earliest urban settlements in human society. The trend has been on the increase across many societies including Nigeria. This paper examined the nature and effect of waste generated in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. The study adopted the Reasoned Action Theory to explain the nature of waste generated in the study area. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted for the study. A sample of400 respondents was drawn through simple random, systematic sampling, clustered and purposive sampling techniques in the selection of Local Government Areas, electoral wards, towns/villages, main streets, houses, households and individuals. Primary data were generated through the use of questionnaire and in-depth interview. The questionnaire copies were analysed quantitatively using simple percentage while test frequency tables, mean and in-depth interview were unbundled using content analysis. The findings revealed that decomposed food items, empty sachet water packs and water bottles, empty engine oil gallons, used and unused drinking straw, sachets of all kinds, biscuit, condemned zincs and building materials were the solid wastes indiscriminately disposed in the study area. The study recommends that the Nasarawa State Waste Management Board should intensify the collection of solid wastes from the doorsteps of residents for appropriate recycling to mitigate the associated health and environmental hazards associated with the indiscriminate disposal of solid waste in the study area.
ASSESSMENT OF PUBLIC PERCEPTION ON THE CAUSES OF ACTS OF TERRORISM IN JOS NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Khalil Haruna Ibrahim , Odhiambo Elijah O.S.
Published: June 2024

Nowadays, terrorism is one of the biggest problems confronting the world. Terrorism and insecurity pose significant global concerns and Nigeria has been bedeviled by a number of security challenges, the most prominent being that of Boko Haram. Worldwide, terrorism continues to become more concentrated, with 57 countries reporting a terror attack in 2022, compared to 59 in 2021 and 74 in 2015 when terrorism reached its peak. Terrorism was most concentrated in the Sahel region of sub-Saharan Africa, where 65 per cent of attacks in the region took place in the ten countries in the region. In Nigeria, the impact of terrorism, however, witnessed a temporal decline; with total deaths falling by 23 per cent, decreasing from 497 in 2021 to 385 in 2022.This study assessed public perception on the causes of acts of terrorism in Jos North Local Government Area of Plateau State. In Jos North, a combination of factors-economic, political and identity - has instigated violence over the years, producing segregation in the city mainly along ethnic lines. The sample for this study is made up of four hundred and twenty (420) respondents drawn from a total population of 917,000, using a combination of probability and non-probability sampling techniques. The study sample was determined using the sample size determination table by Krejcie and Morgan. The survey gathered responses from 403 out of 420, with a response rate of 96%. Data were analyzed through the use of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 29. The study was guided by the social structure and anomie theory. It was found from this study that respondents attributed the causes of acts of terrorism in the study area to political marginalization, injustice, poverty, unemployment, and negative religious teaching. The consequences of terrorism are significant and have wide-ranging impacts on the community by way of economic and social disruption. In light of the above findings, the study recommends the need to address political marginalization through inclusive governance, tackling injustice through fair legal systems, implementing policies to mitigate poverty, reduce unemployment and promote positive teachings to counteract negative influences. Additionally, there is the need to encourage community engagement and education, to mitigate the root causes of terrorism.
A REVIEW OF THE EFFECTS OF WOMEN LITERACY AND POVERTY REDUCTION ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
Authors: Leah Yisa Jummai , Aidelokhai Dennis Idonije , Nmadu Timothy
Published: June 2024

Despite the potential of the strategies put in place by successive governments in Nigeria, women's literacy and poverty reduction for sustainable development, Nigeria continue to grapple with persistent challenges in realizing the full transformative impact of educated and empowered women in the country. This paper examined the effects of women literacy and poverty alleviation on sustainable development in Nigeria. The paper relied on documentary sources of data obtained from textbooks, journal articles, official gazettes, conference papers and the internet. The paper deployed the Liberal Feminism theory to provide a theoretical guide for the study. The paper observed that the relationship between women's literacy, poverty alleviation, and sustainable development in Nigeria is complex and multifaceted and emphasized that empowering women is not only a matter of social justice but a catalyst for sustainable development. It recommends a conscious  implementation of  policies and programs that should aim to eliminate barriers to education for girls and women, including addressing financial constraints, cultural norms, and discriminatory practices as well as the development and implementation of  targeted economic empowerment initiatives, such as vocational training and entrepreneurship programs, to enhance women's skills and  make them job creators rather than job seekers, thereby  increasing their participation in the formal economy.
IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON FULƁE KINSHIP IN JIGAWA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Fulani Abdu Auwalu Sarkin
Published: June 2024

This study examined the impact of technology on the kinship of the Fulɓe people in Jigawa State, Nigeria. The study employs secondary data and content analysis methods to achieve its objectives. It utilizes the diffusion of innovations theory as a theoretical framework to comprehend the impact of technology on Fulɓe kinship in Jigawa state. The investigation reveals that technology facilitates improved communication among Fulɓe communities, bolsters livestock management, introduces new economic opportunities for the Fulɓe culture and economy, expands the horizons of education, offers new possibilities for Fulɓe families to conceive and have children, enhances morbidity and reduces mortality rates among Fulɓe people in Jigawa State. On the other hand, technology diminishes face-to-face interaction among them, instigates changes in economic dynamics, challenges traditional values and norms deeply embedded within the Fulɓe community, introduces new methods of influencing ideas about lineage, inheritance, and the transmission of family identity, alters family structures and caregiving dynamics within the Fulɓe kinship system in Jigawa state. The study, therefore, recommends that government and community leaders should collaborate on initiatives that integrate indigenous wisdom with innovative technologies that can improve lives while preserving the essential aspects of the Fulɓe kinship system in Jigawa State.
ELECTION CAMPAIGNS AND VOTE-BUYING IN NIGERIA: MEDIA STUDY PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Onayinka Toyin Segun , James Adebayo John , Ignatius Chinyere, M. , Fehintola George Adekola
Published: June 2024

The study examined the dynamics of vote-buying and election campaigns in Nigeria within the media study perspectives. It focuses on the multifaceted dimensions of election campaigns, political campaign strategies and the phenomenon of vote buying. Despite Nigeria's 23 years of uninterrupted democratic rule since the Fourth Republic commenced in 1999, the persistence of vote buying poses significant challenges to the integrity and legitimacy of the electoral process. The study employs a qualitative descriptive approach with secondary data to conduct an in-depth review of existing literature to reveal the elements embedded in election campaigns and vote buying practices. It explored the communication systems and mass media strategies deployed in vote buying transactions thereby revealing the socio-behavioral patterns of Nigerian voters. The study applies the agenda setting theory to explain how political agenda influences voters’ expectations and perceptions. It subsequently identified stimulus words and phrases deployed in election campaigns that enable vote buying practices thereby revealing the relationship between political campaigns and vote buying in Nigeria. It also identified poverty, unemployment and the absence of robust institutions as causes of vote buying. It establishes the understanding of agenda-setting theory to elucidate the complex dynamics between campaign communication and voter behavior, providing insights for future empirical studies and policy interventions aimed at safeguarding the integrity of Nigeria's electoral process. The study therefore recommends the need for policies that will mitigate the influence of inducements on the electoral process.
CHALLENGES CONFRONTING VIGILANTE GROUPS IN EFFECTIVE CRIME CONTROL IN BENUE STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Anyo Stephen Terver , Tagher E.T , Ugbem-Onah Comfort
Published: June 2024

Vigilante groups’ contributions to crime control are invaluable. However, the activities of vigilante groups have faced operational and institutional challenges. These challenges have negatively affected the operations of vigilante groups in crime control in Benue State. The study investigated the challenges of vigilante groups in crime control in Benue State with a view to suggesting ways of curbing those challenges for enhanced effectiveness of vigilante groups in Benue State. Three Local Government Areas – Katsina-Ala, Makurdi, and Oturkpo, were selected across the three Senatorial districts in Benue State for the study. The population of the study comprised vigilante operatives, religious leaders, traditional rulers and members of the public. The study adopted a survey design. Questionnaire and in-depth interview (IDI) were used to generate data from 367 respondents using the Taro Yamane sample size determination formula. Simple random sampling and purposive sampling were deployed for the selection of respondents and interviewees. Twelve interview sessions were conducted across the sampled Local Government Areas. The quantitative data were presented in frequency and percentages while qualitative data were presented in narrative form. The study identified lack of logistics, shortage of crime fighting equipment, absence of enabling legal instrument for the operation of vigilante groups, human rights violation, corruption, insufficient training among vigilantes and vested interests, as the challenges of vigilante group in the study area. The study recommends the enactment of laws recognizing vigilante groups;  provision of needed crime fighting equipment by stakeholders; adequate funding,  provision of logistic support as well as proper training and reorientation of vigilante operatives to respect the fundamental human rights of suspects.
FEMALE CRIMINALITY IN NIGERIA: A FEMINIST CONCEPTUAL AND THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Okoh Aderoju
Published: June 2024

Criminality is no longer considered a male phenomenon as the involvement of women and girls in crime is on the increase in Nigeria and globally, even as the rate of women and girls’ participation in outlawed behaviour is still relatively low compared to that of men and young boys. Of the current total population of 78,621 prison inmates in Nigeria, males account for 97.8% (or approximately 76,891) while the female sex makes up 2.2% (1,729 approximately). The criminal justice seems to lack a comprehensive and contextualized understanding of the gendered criminological pathways of women which include maternal roles, trauma, structural poverty and physical abuse, among others. This work aimed at a feminist conceptual and theoretical review of female criminality with a view to highlighting the distinctive nature of female criminality.  The paper relied on secondary sources of data for its analysis. Based on the review, it was found that women’s pathway to criminality is gendered and the cause(s) of female criminality are multidimensional, ranging from running away from home, drug abuse, child abuse, sexual victimization, domestic abuse, structural poverty and the need for survival. The paper recommends that all identified triggers of female criminality should be addressed by both governmental and non-governmental organizations to mitigate the incidence of what appears to be a spike in female offending in Nigeria and even beyond.
GENDER EQUALITY, WOMEN EMPOWERMENT AND SUSTAINABLE NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT: THE ROLE OF NIGERIAN LIBRARIES
Authors: Adegoke Kudirat Abiola , Badmus Ibrahim Temitope
Published: June 2024

Sustainable national development refers to present developments that are supposed to be devoid of negative consequences for future generations. Equal access to information, equal opportunities for men and women, women empowerment and girl child education are the catalysts for attaining sustainable national development. This paper examined the imperative of gender equality, women empowerment and the role of libraries in promoting gender equality and women empowerment for sustainable development in Nigeria. The paper noted that if all women get equal chance and freedom to make positive contributions to the development of their respective communities, there will be economic growth and informed citizens. The paper recommends that the Nigerian government should provide enabling environment for women to excel and contribute to nation building.  Libraries should be properly funded by both government and well-meaning Nigerians to enable them deliver effective services that will foster growth and national development.
AN OVERVIEW OF PERSPECTIVES AND THEORIES IN SOCIOLOGY
Authors: Akaenye Senator , Esieboma Juliet Ohenokobosare
Published: June 2024

This study which is on perspectives and theories in Sociology, discussed the various paradigms and theories in the sociological enterprise and affirmed that perspectives and theories are nets neatly cast to catch what people perceive as the real world: to rationalize, explain, embellish and master it. It argued that theories also create a clear picture of the real world, to make it finer. Sociology, theory, sociological theory, sociological perspective and models were some of the related concepts examined in the study. Macro, middle-range and micro sociological theories were also clearly distinguished. The study majorly engaged in a critical analysis of various perspectives and theories such as evolutionism, functionalism, structuralism, conflict (Marxism), ethnomethodology and phenomenology, among others. Theories and perspectives and their various points of convergent and divergence were further interrogated. The study concludes that different perspectives and theoretical debates should be encouraged in academic sociology, as such divergent views and debates have the capacity to enhance the growth of scientific sociology.
AN EVALUATION OF THE SECURITY CHALLENGES CONFRONTING NIGERIA
Authors: Musa Abdullahi Usman , Mukhtar Jamilu Ibrahim , Adamu Aliyu Dalhatu , Raula Abdulkadir Dauda
Published: June 2024

This paper evaluated the security challenges confronting Nigeria. Specifically, the objectives of the study were: to evaluate the security challenges confronting Nigeria; to examine the dimensions of internal security; to identify the security challenges confronting Nigeria. The study used secondary data. It also adopted the frustration-aggression theory to provide a direction for the paper. The study found that Nigeria is faced with the burden of security challenges which resulted loss of live and property. The evil activities of Boko Haram terrorists, farmers-herders crashes armed banditry, kidnapping, and Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) are among the security challenges threatening the peace and stability of Nigeria. The Federal Government aims to curtail these activities, using various efforts but the security challenges persist, such as killing of innocent people, damage critical national infrastructure and displacement of hundred s of thousands of people across the country. The paper recommends that the government should address poverty and other causes of social exclusion which push young ones into crime and criminality in Nigeria; adopt both kinetic and non-kinetic strategies in the fight against insurgency and other criminal activities as well as ensure robust interagency cooperation among the security agencies involved in fighting insecurity in the country, especially in the area of information sharing and dissemination.
THE IMPACT OF POVERTY ON MATERNAL MORBIDITY IN SHANGA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KEBBI STATE
Authors: Yauri Muhammad Garba , Yakasai Auwalu Sale
Published: June 2024

This paper explored the impact of poverty on maternal morbidity, characterized by limited access to essential resources such as healthcare; sustained nutrition and education, which significantly exacerbate maternal morbidity in Shanga Local Government Area of Kebbi State. In most of the lower income communities in developing countries, women often face barriers to accessing quality prenatal care, leading to delayed or inadequate medical attention during pregnancy. It is against this background that the paper examined the incidence of maternal morbidity in Shanga LGA. The Relative deprivation theory was adopted as the paper’s theoretical framework.  Questionnaire and key informant interview were utilized as the primary instruments of data collection. Purposive sampling technique was used to select only women aged between 15 and 59 years who were included in the study. Data collected from the questionnaire were analysed descriptively using tables and percentages while data from KII were analysed descriptively. Findings from the study indicated that the prevalence of maternal morbidity was high in Shanga Local Government Area of Kebbi State. The study also discovered that due to poverty, most women do not have transport to go to the hospital for antennal care as well as lack money to buy nutritious food and drugs in Shanga Local Government. The study recommends that Government should bring antenatal clinics closer to the communities and also empower women with loans and skill acquisition programmes to enable them cater for their needs, especially during pregnancy.
PATRONAGE OF ANTENATAL CARE SERVICES IN ZAMFARA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Yankuzo Kabiru Ibrahim , Okeshola Folashade B.
Published: June 2024

Utilisation of antenatal care (ANC) services by women during pregnancy plays a pivotal role in averting pregnancy related morbidity and mortality. However, utilisation of the services remains low over the years in Nigeria and Zamfara State, in particular. This study examined the patronage of ANC services in urban, semi-urban and rural areas of Zamfara State, Nigeria. Quantitative data were used for the study. A total of 384 copies of questionnaire were administered to women of child-bearing age that had children under-five, using the Multistage Cluster Sampling technique. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 was used for the data analysis. The Health-Seeking Behavior model developed by Ronald Max Anderson was adopted as the theoretical framework for the study. The study discovered that majority of mothers received ANC services from skilled healthcare providers at least, once, but the utilisation of the specific components of the services was low. Majority of the respondents did not comply with the current 8 ANC Visits, did not take folic acid and iron tablets daily and had not HIV test during pregnancy. Some women did not use the services at all due to reasons including lack of husband/ mother in-law’s permission, patronage of traditional birth attendants, lack of interest, not experiencing any pregnancy related illness, distance to healthcare facility, transportation problems, insecurity and poverty. The study recommends that the Zamfara State government should ensure availability, affordability and accessibility of ANC drugs at all government health facilities. The policy of compelling pregnant women to patronize ANC services as well as carrying out mobilization and enlightenment campaigns throughout the State at regular intervals, should be encouraged.
UNDERSTANDING THE SOCIAL CONTEXT OF THE NAME ‘BIAFRA’ IN CONTEMPORARY IGBO SOCIAL CONSCIOUSNESS IN NIGERIA
Authors: Atata Scholastica Ngozi , Omobowale Ayokunle Olumuyiwa
Published: June 2024

Name is a social construct that gives identity to people in society. The name ‘Biafra’ has an interpretation and social context that is embedded with meanings among the Igbo of South-East, Nigeria. The name ‘Biafra’ expresses idea, social interpretation and value among Igbo people in their social interaction. This study explains the historical antecedents of the name ‘Biafra’, the contemporary use of Biafra by the Igbo for identity construction, social cohesion, and contextual symbol of the name ‘Biafra’ in Nigeria. Using qualitative method of data collection, key informant interviews, in-depth interviews (IDI) and focus group discussion (FGD), twenty-six interviews were conducted with Biafra activists/representatives, Biafra war veterans and youth leaders in two selected communities namely, Aba and Onitsha in Abia and Anambra states, respectively. Data collected were analyzed using ethnographic content analysis. The findings of this study show that the name ‘Biafra’ holds social and cultural symbols that are presented as Biafuru (come and see) and Bia-fara (come and take) which is a symbol of olile-anya (hope) and nzoputa (emancipation). All these create Biafra symbolism for agitation, social identity, recognition, freedom and ofu-obi (social cohesion) that are associated with the Igbo society in Nigeria.
DETERMINANTS OF CHILD BEARING DECISIONS AMONG HAUSA WOMEN IN KATSINA STATE
Authors: Ilim Moses Msughter , Sulaiman Amali , AbduRaheem Anifat
Published: June 2024

While the decision and ability to give birth is natural, such decision is nonetheless influenced by distinct socio-cultural barriers particularly among Hausa women in Katsina State. This study examined how access to healthcare, education levels, cultural norms, and economic opportunities shape child bearing decisions in selected households in Katsina State. A multi stage sampling techniques where cluster sampling was first used to divide Katsina State into three (3) clusters corresponding with the senatorial districts in the state and thereafter simple random sampling was used to sample 225 respondents. Data were collected quantitatively from 225 respondents using questionnaire. Quantitative techniques of data analyses were used to analyse the resultant data. Descriptive statistic was used to examine factors that influence child bearing decisions among women. Both the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Chi-square were used to establish the relationship and influence of education, income level, partners’ attitude on child bearing decisions in Katsina State. The findings reveal that most women in the study area are aware of the existence of varieties of modern contraceptives and majority of them have used some of the methods to control birth. Education, and level of income ranked among the main socio-demographic factors that influence child bearing decision while partners’ attitude is one of the main socio-cultural factors. The result of the tested hypotheses revealed a statistically significant relationship between partners’ attitudes (p-value 0.001), level of education (p-value 0.000), and women’s childbearing decisions in Katsina State. The study recommends a comprehensive approach that increases access to family planning services and reproductive health education of both women and men as well as tackling of specific cultural barriers that limit reproductive choices.
ANALYSIS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC RISK FACTORS OF MENTAL ILLNESS AMONG YOUTHS IN KWARA STATE, NIGERIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE
Authors: Abonyi Sunday Evaristus , Onwuka Charles Chukwujekwu , Madu Tochukwu Emmanuel
Published: June 2024

The study examined socio-economic correlates and mental illness among youths in Kwara State, North Central, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling procedure was employed to select 114 respondents from three council areas in the three senatorial districts of the state using structured questionnaire. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics and cross tabulation. Findings of the study revealed that 79.8% and 81.6% of respondents indicated that financial hardship and unemployment often take the center stage as the most socio-economic risk factors accountable to the increasing rate of mental illness among the youths while 88.6% and 83.3% of respondents respectively reported incessant strikes embarked upon by teachers/lecturers of educational institutions and undue threats by government security personnel. Similarly, 91.2% of respondents revealed poor social relationships maintained by the youths amongst other critical issues. Social workers were identified as playing crucial role in the areas of counseling, advocacy, collaborative services/referrals sequel to which a recommendation was made for inclusion of social work and mental health in the curriculum of primary and secondary schools as well as form part of general study courses in Nigerian higher institutions.
Pengaruh Media Sosial terhadap Komunikasi Anak Usia Remaja
Authors: Shabrina Siti Nur , Rifqoh Fany , Putri Afifah Dewi Nayla , Bilqies Azzura
Published: June 2024

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh media sosial (Instagram dan Tik Tok) terhadap komunikasi anak usia remaja.  Subjek dalam penelitian adalah siswi kelas 9 Madrasah Tsanawiyah Sunan Pandanaran. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian dengan pendekatan kualitatif yang menggunakan metode deskripsi-analitis. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan beberapa metode yaitu observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media sosial (Instagram dan Tik Tok)  memengaruhi komunikasi anak usia remaja. Pengaruh media sosial terhadap komunikasi anak remaja dapat berupa komunikasi verbal, nonverbal, langsung, dan tidak langsung. Bentuk-bentuk komunikasi yang dilakukan oleh siswi di MTs Sunan Pandanaran dapat bernilai positif maupun negatif. Pengaruh pemilihan bahasa dalam berkomunikasi tergantung pada bagaimana mereka menggunakan platform tersebut, jenis konten yang mereka konsumsi, dan sejauh mana mereka terpengaruh oleh tren dan norma yang ada di media sosial Instagram dan Tik Tok.
Peran Simulakra dalam Pembentukan Realitas: Konstruksi Dunia Permainan Roleplaying dan Dampaknya terhadap Identitas Individu
Authors: Kumalasari Dita , Kamila Isna Fitrotul , Salsabila Nazwa Reina
Published: June 2024

Di era digital saat ini, permainan roleplaying (RP) telah berkembang pesat dan menjadi bagian integral dari budaya populer. Permainan RP tidak hanya menawarkan hiburan, tetapi juga menciptakan ruang di mana pemain dapat mengeksplorasi identitas alternatif. Konsep simulakra yang diperkenalkan oleh Jean Baudrillard, yang menggambarkan bagaimana representasi menggantikan realitas dengan tanda-tanda yang tidak memiliki referensi pada dunia nyata, memberikan wawasan tentang bagaimana permainan RPG membentuk persepsi pemain terhadap identitas dan realitas. Penelitian ini mengkaji peran simulakra dalam pembentukan realitas dalam RP dan dampaknya terhadap identitas individu. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan purposive sampling, penelitian ini mengeksplorasi bagaimana pemain membangun dan berinteraksi dengan identitas dalam permainan. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa pemain sering mengalami hyperreality, di mana batas antara dunia nyata dan dunia permainan menjadi kabur, mengakibatkan keterhubungan yang lebih mendalam dengan karakter dalam permainan dibandingkan dengan identitas di dunia nyata. Penelitian ini juga menyoroti dampak sosial yang signifikan dari interaksi dalam permainan, yang memperkuat identitas yang dibangun dalam lingkungan RP. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pemahaman yang lebih mendalam tentang dinamika psikologis dan sosial dari pembentukan identitas dalam konteks permainan digital.
Metode Interpretasi di Desa Wisata Ende
Authors: Ananda Anggi , Supardi  , Hizmi Surayyal
Published: June 2024

Interpretasi guide merupakan hal yang krusial untuk tetap diterapkan dalam menarik jumlah wisatawan menuju ke destinasi pariwisata. Akan tetapi hal ini tidak dapat ditentukan secara merata dikarenakan perbedaan cara interpretasi dari guide tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana metode interpretasi guide di Desa Wisata Ende. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, dokumentasi, dan wawancara. Data sekunder diperoleh dari berbagai sumber seperti literasi digital dan sumber referensi jurnal penelitian. Data primer diperoleh dengan wawancara terstruktur kepada tiga informan local guide desa wisata ende yaitu Bapak Kadir, Bapak Yoga, Bapak Abdurrohim untuk menggali pendapat dan pengetahuan informan tentang interpretasi personal dan nonpersonal. Hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa komunikasi personal dan nonpersonal memegang peranan penting dalam membimbing dan melayani wisatawan di Kawasan Desa Wisata Ende. Para pemandu lokal sangat memperhatikan komunikasi personal, seperti menggunakan bahasa yang sopan, menciptakan suasana nyaman, serta memberikan pengalaman menyenangkan melalui dokumentasi foto/video. Sedangkan untuk komunikasi non-personal seperti penandaan lokasi, mereka lebih mengoptimalkan peran pemandu sebagai pembimbing utama dibandingkan memasang banyak petunjuk arah. Keamanan dan kenyamanan wisatawan menjadi prioritas dengan memberdayakan kemampuan pemandu lokal secara maksimal. Adapun beberapa saran yang dapat diberikan antara lain mengadakan program pelatihan rutin untuk meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi personal para pemandu wisata, mengikutsertakan pemandu lokal dalam proses perencanaan dan pengembangan pariwisata di Desa Ende, serta diperlukan peningkatan kerjasama antara pemerintah desa, pengelola wisata, dan masyarakat setempat untuk mempromosikan dan mempertahankan keunikan budaya lokal sebagai daya tarik wisata.