bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early Evidence for Northern Salmonid Fisheries Discovered using Novel Mineral Proxies
Authors: Butler D. H. , Koivisto S. , Brumfeld V. , Shahack-Gross R.
Published: January 2019

Salmonid resources currently foster socioeconomic prosperity in several nations, yet their importance to many ancient circumpolar societies is poorly understood due to insufficient fish bone preservation at archaeological sites. As a result, there are serious gaps in our knowledge concerning the antiquity of northern salmonid fisheries and their impacts on shaping biodiversity, hunter-gatherer adaptations, and human-ecological networks. The interdisciplinary study presented here demonstrates that calcium-magnesium phosphate minerals formed in burned salmonid bones can preserve at ancient northern sites, thus informing on the early utilization of these resources despite the absence of morphologically classifiable bones. The minerals whitlockite and beta magnesium tricalcium phosphate were identified in rare morphologically classifiable Atlantic salmonid bones from three Mid-Holocene sites in Finland. Large amounts of beta magnesium tricalcium phosphate were also experimentally formed by burning modern Atlantic salmonid and brown trout bones. Our results demonstrate the value of these minerals as proxies for ancient northern salmonid fishing. Specifically, the whitlockite mineral was discovered in hearth sediments from the 5,600 year old Yli-Ii Kierikinkangas site on the Iijoki River in northern Finland. Our fine sieving and mineralogical analyses of these sediments, along with zooarchaeological identification of recovered bone fragments, have confirmed for the first time that the people living at this village did incorporate salmonids into their economies, thus providing new evidence for early estuary/riverine fisheries in northern Finland.
Two decades of non-invasive genetic monitoring of the grey wolves recolonizing the Alps support very limited dog introgression
Authors: Dufresnes Christophe , Remollino Nadège , Stoffel Céline , Manz Ralph , Weber Jean-Marc , Fumagalli Luca
Published: January 2019

Potential hybridization between wolves and dogs has fueled the sensitive conservation and political debate underlying the recovery of the grey wolf throughout Europe. Here we provide the first genetic analysis of wolf-dog admixture in an area entirely recolonized, the northwestern Alps. As part of a long-term monitoring program, we performed genetic screening of thousands of non-invasive samples collected in Switzerland and adjacent territories since the return of the wolf in the mid-1990s. We identified a total of 115 individuals, only 2 of them showing significant signs of admixture stemming from past interbreeding with dogs, followed by backcrossing. This low rate of introgression (<2% accounting for all wolves ever detected over 1998–2017) parallels those from other European populations, especially in Western Europe (<7%). Despite potential hybridization with stray dogs, few founders and strong anthropogenic pressures, the genetic integrity of the Alpine population has remained intact throughout the entire recolonization process. In a context of widespread misinformation, this finding should reduce conflicts among the different actors involved and facilitate wolf conservation. Real-time genetic monitoring will be necessary to identify potential hybrids and support an effective management of this emblematic population.
Optimizing peptide nucleic acid probes for hybridization-based detection and identification of bacterial pathogens
Authors: Mach Kathleen E. , Kaushik Aniruddha M. , Hsieh Kuangwen , Wong Pak Kin , Wang Tza-Huei , Liao Joseph C.
Published: January 2019

Double stranded PNA probes provide improved sensitivity and specificity over PNA beacons for molecular identification of pathogens.
A single gold nanoprobe for colorimetric detection of silver(i) ions with dark-field microscopy
Authors: Xie Yi Fen , Cheng Yun Ying , Liu Meng Li , Zou Hong Yan , Huang Cheng Zhi
Published: January 2019

In this work, the formation of C–Ag+–C bonding between cytosines was utilized to induce interparticle coupling of gold nanoparticles modified with single-strand DNA, resulting in a color change as the signal transduction to quantify Ag+ sensitively under dark-field microscopy imaging, while we achieved the quantification of Ag+ could be directly realized in lake water samples and drug samples.
An indole–rhodamine-based ratiometric fluorescent probe for Pd2+ determination and cell imaging
Authors: Luo Wenfeng , Lei Mengmeng , Wang Yuan , Gao Haolei , Wang Yang , Zhou Qihang , Xu Zhihong , Yang Fengling
Published: January 2019

A new indole–rhodamine-based ratiometric fluorescent probe used for monitoring Pd2+ has been developed. The response to Pd2+ is a coordination reaction.
Functionalization of titanium substrate with multifunctional peptide OGP-NAC for the regulation of osteoimmunology
Authors: Liu Ju , Tang Yu , Yang Weihu , Tao Bailong , He Ye , Shen Xinkun , Shen Tingting , Lin Chuanchuan , Cai Kaiyong
Published: January 2019

The immune response to an orthopedic implant is closely related to the nearby bone metabolism balance.
Dioxygen activation with stable N-heterocyclic carbenes
Authors: Tang Jinghua , Gao Xuejiao J. , Tang Huarong , Zeng Xiaoming
Published: January 2019

Dioxygen activation with both cyclic (amino)(alkyl)carbenes and di(amino)carbenes at ambient temperature is described.
Hierarchical CoS2/Ni3S2/CoNiOx nanorods with favorable stability at 1 A cm−2 for electrocatalytic water oxidation
Authors: Lee Husileng , Wu Xiujuan , Ye Qilun , Wu Xingqiang , Wang Xiaoxiao , Zhao Yimeng , Sun Licheng
Published: January 2019

A hierarchical 3D CoS2/Ni3S2/CoNiOx water oxidation catalyst can maintain a current density of 1 A cm−2 for one week in 30% KOH solution with a slight increase of the overpotential.
Multiscale modeling of charge transfer in polymers with flexible backbones
Authors: Sato Masahiro , Kumada Akiko , Hidaka Kunihiko
Published: January 2019

In order to evaluate carrier transfer properties in polymers with flexible backbones, we have proposed a simplified multi-scale modeling approach combining molecular dynamics simulations, first-principles calculations and kinetic Monte Carlo simulations.
Temperature dependence of the violation of Purcell's theorem experienced by a folding molecular motor
Authors: Teboul Victor , Rajonson Gabriel
Published: January 2019

The motor's diffusion and Purcell's theorem violation depend on the folding speed in contrast to the medium's fluidization.
Dithiafulvene derivatized donor–acceptor norbornadienes with redshifted absorption
Authors: Mansø Mads , Kilde Martin Drøhse , Singh Sandeep Kumar , Erhart Paul , Moth-Poulsen Kasper , Nielsen Mogens Brøndsted
Published: January 2019

Norbornadiene monomers and dimers incorporating an electron-donating dithiafulvene unit were prepared and studied for their absorption properties and photoswitching abilities.
The design and catalytic performance of molybdenum active sites on an MCM-41 framework for the aerobic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-diformylfuran
Authors: Wang Zhao-Meng , Liu Li-Juan , Xiang Bo , Wang Yue , Lyu Ya-Jing , Qi Ting , Si Zhen-Bing , Yang Hua-Qing , Hu Chang-Wei
Published: January 2019

The catalytic activity decreases as –(SiO)3Mo(OH)(O) > –(SiO)2Mo(O)2> –(O)4–MoO.
Oxygen vacancy-rich MoO3−x nanobelts for photocatalytic N2 reduction to NH3 in pure water
Authors: Li Yehuan , Chen Xin , Zhang Mingjian , Zhu Yuanmin , Ren Wenju , Mei Zongwei , Gu Meng , Pan Feng
Published: January 2019

Photocatalytic nitrogen fixation is a promising sustainable and green strategy for NH3 synthesis.
Bis(imino)pyridines fused with 6- and 7-membered carbocylic rings as N,N,N-scaffolds for cobalt ethylene polymerization catalysts
Authors: Wang Zheng , Ma Yanping , Guo Jingjing , Liu Qingbin , Solan Gregory A. , Liang Tongling , Sun Wen-Hua
Published: January 2019

Mixed carbocyclic-fused bis(arylimino)pyridine-cobalt(ii) chlorides, on activation with either MAO or MMAO, displayed high activities for ethylene polymerization affording linear polyethylene waxes; high selectivity for vinyl end-groups is a feature of MAO-promoted systems.
CO2 reduction on gas-diffusion electrodes and why catalytic performance must be assessed at commercially-relevant conditions
Authors: Burdyny Thomas , Smith Wilson A.
Published: January 2019

The substantial implications of high current densities on the local reaction environment and design of catalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction are addressed. The presented perspectives also reflect on current practices within the field and offer new opportunities for both future catalyst and system-focused research efforts.
Rapid disinfection of E. coli by a ternary BiVO4/Ag/g-C3N4 composite under visible light: photocatalytic mechanism and performance investigation in authentic sewage
Authors: Zeng Xiangkang , Lan Shenyu , Lo Irene M. C.
Published: January 2019

Z-scheme photocatalyst BiVO4/Ag/g-C3N4 was constructed and applied for rapid disinfection of E. coli cells in water and wastewater.
Germinated soy germ extract ameliorates obesity through beige fat activation
Authors: Kim Han-Jun , Choi Eun-Ji , Kim Hyo Sung , Choi Chan-Woong , Choi Sik-Won , Kim Sun-Lim , Seo Woo-Duck , Do Sun Hee
Published: January 2019

Germinated soy germ extract ameliorates diet-induced obesity via inhibition of adipogenesis and conversion/activation of beige fat.
Pickering emulsion droplets hosting ionic liquid catalysts for continuous-flow cyanosilylation reaction
Authors: Meng Zhixin , Zhang Ming , Yang Hengquan
Published: January 2019

Based on the confinement of Pickering emulsion droplets, a novel method to “immobilize” IL catalysts has been developed successfully for continuous-flow cyanosilylation reaction.
Paraffin-embedding lithography and micro-dissected tissue micro-arrays: tools for biological and pharmacological analysis of ex vivo solid tumors
Authors: Simeone Kayla , Guay-Lord Robin , Lateef Mohammad Abdul , Péant Benjamin , Kendall-Dupont Jennifer , Orimoto Adriana Mari , Carmona Euridice , Provencher Diane , Saad Fred , Gervais Thomas , Mes-Masson Anne-Marie
Published: January 2019

There is an urgent need and strong clinical and pharmaceutical interest in developing assays that allow for the direct testing of therapeutic agents on primary tissues.
A bifunctional nonenzymatic flexible glucose microsensor based on CoFe-Layered double hydroxide
Authors: Cui Junya , Li Zhenhua , Liu Ke , Li Jianming , Shao Mingfei
Published: January 2019

A bifunctional glucose microsensor has been successfully fabricated by electrosynthesis of a CoFe-LDH nanosheet array on the Ni wire.
Investigation of MnO2 nanoparticles-anchored 3D-graphene foam composites (3DGF-MnO2) as an adsorbent for strontium using the central composite design (CCD) method
Authors: Kasap Sibel , Nostar Aslan Emine , Öztürk İbrahim
Published: January 2019

Strontium-90 is one of the dangerous fission products generated during electricity production in nuclear reactors and the separation of this radionuclide from contaminated water is an important step in safeguarding human health and minimizing the impact on the environment.
Water-soluble Re6-clusters with aromatic phosphine ligands – from synthesis to potential biomedical applications
Authors: Ivanov Anton A. , Konovalov Dmitry I. , Pozmogova Tatiana N. , Solovieva Anastasiya O. , Melnikov Anatoly R. , Brylev Konstantin A. , Kuratieva Natalia V. , Yanshole Vadim V. , Kirakci Kaplan , Lang Kamil , Cheltygmasheva Svetlana N. , Kitamura Noboru , Shestopalova Lidiya V. , Mironov Yuri V. , Shestopalov Michael A.
Published: January 2019

New hexarhenium clusters exhibit radio- and photoluminescence, have low cytotoxicity, are capable of penetrating into cells and exhibit photodynamic toxicity.
CoFeP hollow cube as advanced electrocatalyst for water oxidation
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Wu Yanhua , Sun Yanfang , Liu Qingyun , Tang Lin , Guo Jinxue
Published: January 2019

CoFeP nanocages exhibit OER catalytic activities with low overpotential (180 mV at 10 mA cm−2), small turnover frequency (0.93 s−1 at overpotential of 270 mV) and superior stability, due to synergistic effect between Co and Fe active sites and structure advantages.
Cu/Pd-Catalyzed chemoselective synthesis of C-3 dicarbonyl indoles and bis(indolyl)alkanes from aldehydes and indoles
Authors: Guo Shiyu , Fang Zheng , Zhou Bochao , Hua Jiawei , Dai Zhongxue , Yang Zhao , Liu Chengkou , He Wei , Guo Kai
Published: January 2019

A novel Cu/Pd-catalyzed chemoselective synthesis of C-3 dicarbonyl indoles and bis(indolyl)alkanes from aldehydes and indoles has been achieved, which has good substrate universality and high efficacy on large-scale.
A computational study of cobalt-catalyzed C–H iodination reactions using a bidentate directing group with molecular iodine
Authors: Yamazaki Ken , Kommagalla Yadagiri , Ano Yusuke , Chatani Naoto
Published: January 2019

A computational methodology was used to collect detailed mechanistic information on the cobalt-catalyzed C–H iodination of aromatic amides with molecular iodine using an N,N′-bidentate directing group.
KI-catalyzed reactions of aryl hydrazines with α-oxocarboxylic acids in the presence of CO2: access to 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2(3H)-ones
Authors: Yang Na , Zhang Hao , Yuan Gaoqing
Published: January 2019

A novel KI-catalyzed synthesis of 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2(3H)-ones from aryl hydrazines, α-oxocarboxylic acids and CO2 was reported.
Probing of complex carbon nanofiber paper as gas-diffusion electrode for high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell
Authors: Ponomarev Igor I. , Skupov Kirill M. , Naumkin Alexander V. , Basu Victoria G. , Zhigalina Olga M. , Razorenov Dmitry Y. , Ponomarev Ivan I. , Volkova Yulia A.
Published: January 2019

Complex composite carbon nanofiber fuel cell electrode shows advantages compared to non-composite and less durable commercial carbon black ones.
Ultrathin Ni(OH)2 nanosheets: a new strategy for cocatalyst design on CdS surfaces for photocatalytic hydrogen generation
Authors: Mao Liqun , Ba Qianqian , Jia Xinjia , Liu Shuang , Liu Heng , Zhang Jing , Li Xiying , Chen Wei
Published: January 2019

In this report, ultrathin Ni(OH)2 nanosheets coated CdS photocatalyst for photocatalytic hydrogen generation under visible light has been explored.
Photolysis of cell-permeant caged inositol pyrophosphates controls oscillations of cytosolic calcium in a β-cell line
Authors: Hauke S. , Dutta A. K. , Eisenbeis V. B. , Bezold D. , Bittner T. , Wittwer C. , Thakor D. , Pavlovic I. , Schultz C. , Jessen H. J.
Published: January 2019

β-Cells respond directly to the intracellular photochemical release of caged inositol pyrophosphate isomers with modulations of oscillations in cytosolic Ca2+.
Enantioselective [1,3] O-to-C rearrangement: dearomatization of alkyl 2-allyloxy/benzyloxy-1/3-naphthoates catalyzed by a chiral π–Cu(ii) complex
Authors: Yao Lu , Ishihara Kazuaki
Published: January 2019

An asymmetric [1,3] O-to-C rearrangement of alkyl 2-allyloxy/benzyloxy-1/3-naphthoates was realized under the catalysis of a chiral π–Cu(ii) complex to produce naphthalenone derivatives bearing an all-carbon quaternary stereogenic center in good to high yield with excellent enantioselectivity. The π–cation interaction of the complex was proved by X-ray diffraction analysis.
Electrochromic WO3 thin films attain unprecedented durability by potentiostatic pretreatment
Authors: Arvizu Miguel A. , Qu Hui-Ying , Cindemir Umut , Qiu Zhen , Rojas-González Edgar A. , Primetzhofer Daniel , Granqvist Claes G. , Österlund Lars , Niklasson Gunnar A.
Published: January 2019

Potentiostatically pretreated electrochromic WO3 films (right) show much better durability under very harsh cycling conditions than untreated films (left).
Enhanced cycling stability of boron-doped lithium-rich layered oxide cathode materials by suppressing transition metal migration
Authors: Sun Zhenhe , Xu Lingqun , Dong Caiqiao , Zhang Hongtao , Zhang Mingtao , Liu Yiyang , Zhou Ying , Han Yu , Chen Yongsheng
Published: January 2019

Lithium-rich layered oxide (LLO) has been considered as an attractive candidate due to its high capacitive performance.
2D-dual-spacing channel membranes for high performance organic solvent nanofiltration
Authors: Wang Shaofei , Mahalingam Dinesh , Sutisna Burhannudin , Nunes Suzana P.
Published: January 2019

Dual-spacing-channel graphene oxide membranes with multiple hydrophilic domains give high permeance and high rejection in organic solvent nanofiltration.
Sunlight induced photo-thermal synergistic catalytic CO2 conversion via localized surface plasmon resonance of MoO3−x
Authors: Li Jue , Ye Yinghao , Ye Liqun , Su Fengyun , Ma Zhaoyu , Huang Jindi , Xie Haiquan , Doronkin Dmitry E. , Zimina Anna , Grunwaldt Jan-Dierk , Zhou Ying
Published: January 2019

MoO3−x displayed dramatically enhanced photo-thermal synergistic CO2 reduction under simulate sunlight irradiation compared to MoO3 due to the LSPR of MoO3−x triggered by oxygen vacancies.
A theoretical approach to address interfacial problems in all-solid-state lithium ion batteries: tuning materials chemistry for electrolyte and buffer coatings based on Li6PA5Cl hali-chalcogenides
Authors: Xu Hongjie , Yu Yuran , Wang Zhuo , Shao Guosheng
Published: January 2019

Even though ultra-fast Li+ ion conductors based on sulfides such as LGPS and Li6PS5Cl have been developed in recent years, rather limited advancement has been made towards developing all-solid-state lithium ion batteries due to serious interface-related problems.
Fluorescent silicon nanoparticles inhibit the amyloid fibrillation of insulin
Authors: Ma Yingying , Huang Renliang , Qi Wei , Su Rongxin , He Zhimin
Published: January 2019

Fluorescent silicon nanoparticles with different sizes were synthesized and demonstrated as an efficient inhibitor for amyloid fibrillation of insulin.
Mn-Based tin sulfide Sr3MnSn2S8 with a wide band gap and strong nonlinear optical response
Authors: Liu Chuang , Mei Dajiang , Cao Wangzhu , Yang Yi , Wu Yuandong , Li Guobao , Lin Zheshuai
Published: January 2019

The new nonlinear optical material Sr3MnSn2S8 is a noncentrosymmetric structure with a large band gap of 3.02 eV. In addition, Sr3MnSn2S8 possesses a good second harmonic generation (SHG) response, approximately equivalent to that of AgGaS2, and a high laser damage threshold (LDT) about 3 times that of AgGaS2 (AGS).
Titanate hollow nanospheres as electron-transport layer in mesoscopic perovskite solar cell with enhanced performance
Authors: Wang Hui , Jiang Rui , Sun Meili , Yin Xiong , Guo Yanjun , He Meng , Wang Leyu
Published: January 2019

Uniform titanate hollow nanospheres were explored as electron-transport layer in perovskite solar cell having an efficiency of over 17%, outperforming that of pristine TiO2.
Environmental Science: Nano – looking back, looking forward
Authors: Vikesland Peter J.
Published: January 2019

Peter Vikesland, the Editor-in-Chief of Environmental Science: Nano, welcomes you to the first issue of 2019.
Stilbene derivative as a photosensitive compound to control the excitability of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes
Authors: Frolova Sheida R. , Gorbunov Vasili S. , Shubina Natalia S. , Perepukhov Alexander M. , Romanova Sandaara G. , Agladze Konstantin I.
Published: January 2019

Substances that can be used as photosensitizers for cardiac tissue are very helpful in modeling various excitation patterns in a cardiac tissue culture and may have prospective use in the temporary and permanent ablation of unwanted excitation sources in the heart.

The aim of the present work is to study the effect of stilbene derivative c-TAB (2- {4- [(E) -2- (4-ethoxyphenyl) vinyl] phenoxy} ethyl) trimethylammonium bromide) on the cardiomyocyte layers and voltage-gated ion channels in cardiac cells. C-TAB is a structural analog to AzoTAB, reported previously as a photoswitch for cardiac and neural cells, in which the azobenzene moiety is replaced by a stilbene grouping. Such a replacement makes c-TAB less toxic to living cells. c-TAB has been shown to successfully inhibit excitation in cardiac cells in both trans- and cis- forms. The excitation inhibition of cardiac cells under c-TAB is reversible and can be overturned easily by washing out the c-TAB; however, not by light illumination. The irradiation of cardiac cells with near-UV, when the trans- form of c-TAB is applied, changes reversible inhibition to a permanent one that cannot be overturned by a washout.
Dual‐polarised broad‐band array antenna with suspended plates for base stations
Authors: Rezvani MirHamed , Mohammadi Pejman
Published: January 2019

A dual‐polarised broad‐band array antenna with high gain is presented for base transceiver station applications. The structure of the proposed antenna consists of four radiating elements and L‐shaped feed lines. Each radiating element includes two suspended copper plates. The electromagnetic waves have been coupled to radiating elements through feed lines. The ports’ isolation is obtained using a cubic isolator between two L‐shaped feed lines. The high gain of the proposed antenna is obtained using the sum of four elements placed at a specified distance from each other. A prototype of the proposed antenna is fabricated on a flame retardant‐4 substrate. Through experiments carried out within the frequency range of 1.6–2.3 GHz, the bandwidth, return loss, isolation between ports, and the gain of this prototype are obtained to be 66%, <−10 dB, better than −15 dB, and almost 11 dBi, respectively. In addition, within the frequency range of 3.4–3.7 GHz, the values of the same parameters are obtained to be 8.4%, <−10 dB, better than −15 dB, and almost 5.8 dBi, respectively.
Analysis and design optimisation for inverse Class‐F GaN Doherty amplifier
Authors: Kim Joonyhyung
Published: January 2019

An analytical model of an inverse Class‐F (Class‐F‐1) Doherty power amplifier (DPA) with a proposed compensation method is presented. The derived model was shown to be effective in predicting the behaviour of the fundamental current and optimum load impedance in both a carrier and peaking cell for a Class F‐1 DPA. Based on the analysis results, the degradation of the RF performance, including the peak output power, efficiency, and linearity, caused by an inherent lower current driving of a peaking cell is also proven. To compensate this issue, a dynamic gate bias for a peaking cell using a proposed voltage shaping is introduced. For verification, a 2.4 GHz GaN Class‐F‐1 DPA was designed and fabricated. Using the proposed gate shaping method, improvements of the maximum output power of 2.6 dB and peak power drain efficiency of 5.6% are achieved compared with a conventional case. With a 10 MHz 6.5 dB peak‐to‐average power ratio signal, the Class‐F‐1 DPA achieves an average output power of 36 dBm with a DE of 54% at a 28 V supply voltage. The measured adjacent channel rejection ration under such conditions is below −30 dBc.
Dual‐band beam tilting antenna with low profile negative refractive index metamaterial
Authors: Ayyadurai Kamalaveni , Muthu Ganesh Madhan
Published: January 2019

A dual band negative refractive index metamaterial (NRIM) loaded beam tilting antenna has been proposed for 5G applications. The proposed antenna comprises of a dual band quarter wave bow–tie dipole with NRIM array fixed above the ground plane. The dual band NRIM unit cell is derived from the conventional double negative meta‐material structure. When NRIM arrays have been integrated with dipole antenna at optimum distance and height, the main beam is deflected by 34.5° and 45° with peak gain of 8.1 and 8.93 dB at 2 and 3.5 GHz, respectively. Unlike the conventional beam tilting antennas, no gain reduction observed for both the bands when the beam is tilted, instead gain has been improved about 0.53 and 1.02 dB at lower and higher bands, respectively. Furthermore, the application of the proposed NRIM dipole in array antennas has been studied and discussed.
Isolation and frequency reconfigurable compact MIMO antenna for wireless local area network applications
Authors: Thummaluru Sreenath Reddy , Kumar Rajkishor , Chaudhary Raghvendra Kumar
Published: January 2019

In this study, to design a compact four‐port multiple‐input–multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna for dual‐band wireless local area network applications, both frequency and isolation between antennas are made as reconfigurable. Both antenna element and decoupling network shown in this study are designed using meander line concept. The frequency reconfigurable capability of the antenna is achieved by incorporating positive‐intrinsic‐negative (PIN) diodes in the meander line resonator. By making PIN diodes ON and OFF, four antenna elements switch their operating frequency in between 2.4–2.5 and 5.1–5.8 GHz bands. Isolation between the antenna elements also made as reconfigurable by placing PIN diodes in the decoupling network. In ON state, isolation is found in 2.4–2.5 GHz band, whereas in OFF state, isolation is achieved in 5.1–5.8 GHz band. Overall, in both the bands, excellent isolation (more than 15 dB) between the antenna elements has been achieved. The proposed antenna design is printed on the FR‐4 substrate and its overall area is 38 × 38 mm2. Each antenna element is in polarisation diversity with the adjacent antenna element which makes the proposed design suitable for achieving good MIMO performance.
Available transfer capability analysis method of AC–DC power system based on security region
Authors: Wang Sicheng , Gao Shan
Published: January 2019

Available transfer capability (ATC) refers to the reliable power transfer capability for further commercial activities in the system based on current protocols. Traditional ATC method such as continuation power flow (CPF) can calculate ATC only based on a specific direction of load and generator, optimal power flow (OPF) cannot acquire accurate value of the intermediate calculations and have difficulty taking power system stability into account. Here, a novel ATC analysis method of AC–DC power system based on security region was proposed. First, the static security region (SSR) of AC–DC power system considering stability and security constraints of AC–DC power systems and adjustment of HVDC control were presented. An ATC analysis method of AC–DC power system based on security region was then presented. A comparison between ATC based on security region and traditional method was made. Security region under different HVDC controls and its influence on ATC was analysed. Case studies indicated that the method proposed here can acquire optimal generation direction, the adjustment process of HVDC control and the ATC of AC–DC power system, providing reference for power system dispatch and operation.
Fault section identification method for the UHV GIL‐overhead hybrid line
Authors: Li Botong , Gu Tianfeng , Li Zhongqing , Li Bin
Published: January 2019

GIL‐overhead hybrid transmission line is an essential way for UHV waters crossing power transmission over long distance in china. The fault section identification of the UHV GIL‐overhead hybrid line is a previous work for the protection selective tripping and quick repair after fault. The characteristics of the electrical parameters in different sections of the UHV GIL‐overhead hybrid line are analysed first. Regarding the joint of the UHV GIL‐overhead hybrid line as the reference point, a fault section identification function is established. According to the characteristics of the complex plane derived from the function, a fault section identification method is proposed for the UHV GIL‐overhead hybrid line. The accuracy of the fault section identification method is tested by simulation and the factors affecting the accuracy of the algorithm are analysed.
Fins are relevant non-lethal surrogates for muscle to measure stable isotopes in amphibians
Authors: Bélouard Nadège , Petit Eric J. , Huteau Dominique , Oger Adrien , Paillisson Jean-Marc
Published: January 2019

Stable isotope analyses (SIA) are now widely used in ecology research to quantify the trophic implications of a large range of ecological processes. Non-destructive sampling methods have been successfully developed for most vertebrates, but the validation of such methods is missing in amphibians. Filling this methodological gap is critical to reduce the significant lack of knowledge on the trophic ecology of this imperilled group. The relevance of tail fin as a surrogate for muscle, a tissue routinely used for SIA, was assessed in four amphibian species, including tadpoles and adult newts, by (1) testing the link between the isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen in fin and muscle, and addressing the additional practical issues of (2) the effects of a topical anaesthetic on isotope ratios, and (3) the minimum quantities of fin needed for SIA to limit the severity of sampling. The isotope ratios were highly correlated between the two tissues in all four species. Equations were provided to predict muscle estimates from fin values for each species separately and grouped by their taxonomic order (anurans or urodeles), which represent a valuable solution for any other species. Topical anaesthetics had little influence on isotope ratios, and the surface of tail fin needed for SIA was small. We conclude that the tail fin of amphibians can be used as a non-lethal surrogate for muscle in SIA, and this offers promising prospects for research on the trophic ecology of amphibians, and potentially on their conservation.
Storage reservoirs beyond a lake district as secondary habitats for caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) in an area of karst origin (SE Poland)
Authors: Buczyńska Edyta
Published: January 2019

Shallow and vegetation-rich storage reservoirs can be a very important element of a hydrological network supporting specific fauna. However, their ecological potential for many insect groups is often neglected in hydrobiological studies in contrast to lakes. Therefore, caddisfly fauna was studied at different levels of its organization as well as environmental drivers of the species' distribution across three reservoirs (SE Poland). The species' composition and assemblages distinguishingly showed close relationships with the caddisfly fauna of meso- and eutrophic lakes. Quantitative naturalness index (Wns) of caddisfly fauna in all reservoirs was higher in comparison to this value obtained for regional lakes. Oxygen reduction potential, temperature, electrical conductivity (physical and chemical variables of water), shading, elodeids (structural variables of reservoirs) and the average distance to the nearest water bodies (landscape variables in buffer zones of reservoirs) were all significant for caddisflies in CCA models. Analysis of functional groups revealed two characteristic features of these habitats: the lack of rheophiles and an evenly balanced trophic structure. Shallow reservoirs, despite their origin and human intervention, can provide important secondary habitats for specific invertebrate fauna. Practical guidelines are also given concerning management practices favourable to aquatic biota.
The impact of therapeutic patient education and physical activity programs on the fall risk of elderly people
Authors: Perrot Alexandra , Ayad Amir , Gernigon Marie , Maillot Pauline
Published: January 2019

Objective:The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a combined therapeutic education/physical activity program on risk factors for falls in elderly fall patients hospitalized in a rehabilitation healthcare service. This combined program is compared to a control program, which offers physical activity only.Method:Thirty fall patients are evaluated on the TUG, Tinetti, and FES-I tests and randomly assigned either to the group consisting of 24 sessions of physical activity alone, with endurance, stretching, balance and muscle strengthening exercises, or to the physical activity group combined with four therapeutic fall prevention education sessions.Results:For both programs, results reveal significant differences between the pre-tests and post-tests on each balance score and equally on fear of falling. An interaction effect (group × time) is observed on the FES only, which means that fear of falling decreases significantly more in the Physical Activity and Patient Education group than in the Physical Activity alone group.Conclusion:Therapeutic patient education seems to reduce fear of falling. This highlights the potential impact that such programs could have on elderly people who have had a previous fall/falls in terms of regaining self-confidence when going about their daily activities.
Coordinated gaze behaviour of handball referees: a practical exploration with focus on the methodical implementation
Authors: Fasold Frowin , Noël Benjamin , Wolf Fabian , Hüttermann Stefanie
Published: January 2019

Though the interaction of team members in sport has already been considered when analysing team expertise and performance, there is no comparable research addressing the interplay of referee teams as part of their expertise. Based on lab-based research on coordinated gaze behaviour, we assumed that orchestrating referees’ gaze is an important way of improving referee performances. To first scrutinize if handball referees coordinate their gaze, the gaze fixations of a handball referee team was analysed while they were presiding over a game. Results showed that referees mostly fixated the same aspects of game action (75%) and behaved differently as stated in existing guidelines for refereeing in handball. That is, the current results indicate that handball referees’ coordination of gaze behaviour seems far from optimal (they focused on the same aspects of game action too often) and should be considered when thinking about avenues to performance improvement. Furthermore, we tried to discuss potentials and limitations of the current research approach for future studies that seem necessary to gain more insight into the expertise interplay of referees.
Dimpled electrostatic MEMS actuators
Authors: Alneamy A. , Al-Ghamdi M. , Park S. , Khater M. , Abdel-Rahman E. , Heppler G.
Published: January 2019

We present electrostatic Micro-Electromechanical System actuators equipped with dimples and contact pads. The introduction of dimples and contact pads is shown to prevent stiction between the actuator and bottom electrodes and minimize dielectric charging and to eliminate multi-valuedness in the response. It also increases the stable travel range by eliminating the pull-in instability and introducing new “tapping mode” oscillations, where the dimples come into regular contact with the contact pads. An experimentally validated lumped-mass model was developed and used to generate the bifurcation diagram of the actuator in the vicinity of tapping mode oscillations. The diagram showed the presence of a chaotic attractor bracketed by a type-I intermittency and a cascade of period-doubling bifurcations. However, these chaotic motions were only present for a limited range of the excitation amplitude and frequency. Provided these ranges are excluded, dimples and contact pads can be deployed to obtain efficient and well regulated electrostatic actuators. We found that these results and conclusions are valid for classes of low-frequency as well as high-frequency actuators.
Response of common silage corn hybrids to inoculant application: fermentation profile, carbohydrate fractions, and digestibility during ensiling
Authors: Duvnjak Marija , Kljak Kristina , Grbeša Darko
Published: January 2019

Corn silage digestibility studies have focussed on genetically distant corn types. Conversely, silage additive studies monitored fermentation differences without discussing the subject of hybrid digestibility. How ensiling phases and additives affect silage quality in commercial corn hybrids has not been properly examined yet. As corn silage quality is a result of combined silage fermentation and digestibility characteristics, the aim of the study was to examine fermentation and digestibility responses to inoculant application in whole-plant corn silage of commercial hybrids intended for silage production in several time points during ensiling. Three corn hybrids grown under identical conditions in a split-plot field test were ensiled without inoculant application and with inoculant containing lactic acid bacteria and carbohydrate-degrading enzymes. Silages were sampled before ensiling, at the peak of the fermentation phase and during the stable phase. The fermentation profile, carbohydrate fraction, ruminal in vitro true dry matter digestibility, ruminal in vitro starch digestibility, and ruminal in vitro neutral detergent fibre digestibility were monitored. Although adding inoculant to silage improved its lactic acid production and decrease in pH, it did not affect its starch and fibre contents or their digestibility. Digestibility improved as ensiling continued, with the highest in vitro neutral detergent fibre digestibility and in vitro true dry matter digestibility values observed in the stable phase. Corn hybrids in this study differed in main fermentation characteristics, carbohydrate contents, and digestibility. These results suggest that even for commercial corn hybrids, the hybrid type is more important than inoculant for optimising silage characteristics and digestibility.
The influence of food availability, quality and body size on patch selection of coexisting grazer ungulates in western Serengeti National Park
Authors: Bukombe John , Kittle Andrew , Senzota Ramadhan B. , Kija Hamza , Mduma Simon , Fryxell John M. , Magige Flora , Mligo Cosmas , Sinclair Anthony R. E.
Published: January 2019

Context
Differences in body size and mouth morphologies influence dietary resource separation among savanna ungulates, and this influences their distribution across landscape.

Aim
The aim was to understand the influence of body size and mouth morphology differences on both diet and patch selection by ungulate species in western Serengeti. Two hypotheses were tested: (1) for ungulate species, the relative body sizes and muzzle widths (mean muzzle width range: 3.1- 9.85) relate directly to food biomass, and to quality of diets selected in the wet season when food is abundant; (2) in the wet season, if food is not limiting, similar-sized species should exhibit greater dietary niche overlap than ungulate species that differ greatly in body size and muzzle width; moreover, similar-sized species exhibit less dietary niche overlap than ungulate species that differ greatly in body size.

Methods
In the western Serengeti ecosystem, road transects and direct observation were used to obtain data on the distribution and diet of five ungulate species namely buffalo, zebra, wildebeest, topi and impala; which have of varying sizes (range: 70–630kg) feeding in three different vegetation types. Grassland biomass, structure, nutrient content and ungulate use were measured at sites along transects.

Key Results
Results indicated that large-bodied ungulates utilised patches of greater food abundance compared with those of smaller ungulates. Body mass was also negatively correlated with diet quality, so that smaller animals ate higher protein and lower-fibre foods, as predicted. Diet niche overlap (niche similarity) showed a strong positive relationship with body mass differences among ungulate species, in support of the second of the two predictions from this hypothesis, namely that dissimilarly sized species could eat the same food.

Conclusion
Overall, the results suggest that in this savanna system, variation in ungulate body size influences resource separation even in the food-abundant wet season, and that this helps multiple species to co-exist.

Implications
Implementing more focused conservation strategies will improve wildlife habitat quality by integrating fire as a forage management tool with grazing preferences to promote forage heterogeneity in protected areas.
Living Longer, With or Without Disability? A Global and Longitudinal Perspective
Authors: Lee Jinkook , Lau Samuel , Meijer Erik , Hu Peifeng
Published: January 2019

Background

Significant gains in life expectancy have been achieved, but living longer does not necessarily mean the years gained are productive and healthy. Different theories predict different patterns of time trends in old-age disability prevalence.

Methods

Using the Gateway to Global Aging Data, which provides internationally harmonized longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study and its sister surveys, we compare time trends (from 2004 to 2014) in disability prevalence across countries.

Results

Disability prevalence varies greatly across countries, and divergent time trends are observed across countries. For countries such as Belgium, Czechia, and Mexico, we observe an increase of disability prevalence, whereas in countries such as Denmark, England, Greece, Korea, Poland, and Sweden, we observe a substantial decrease in disability prevalence. Looking further into the severity of disability, we often observe differential trends in prevalence, but there is no evidence supporting the dynamic equilibrium hypothesis that predicts increased prevalence of modest disability but a decrease in severe disability prevalence.

Conclusions

Significant gains in life expectancy have translated into different gains in healthy years of life across different countries. Diverse time trends in disability prevalence across countries reaffirm that the expansion of late-life disability is not inevitable.
Scaling of size, shape and surface roughness in Antarctic krill swarms
Authors: Ryabov Alexey B , Tarling Geraint A
Published: January 2019

Antarctic krill are obligate swarmers and the size and shape of the swarms they form can have a major influence on trophic interactions and biogeochemical fluxes. Parameterizing variability in size and shape is therefore a useful step toward understanding the operation of the Southern Ocean ecosystem. We analyse the relationships between the length L, thickness T, perimeter P, and area A of 4650 vertical cross-sections of open-ocean krill swarms obtained within the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean in summer 2003. Our data show that these parameters are tightly interrelated. The thickness T increases on average as L0.67 and has a log-normal distribution within each length class. The perimeter and area scale with L and T as P∼L0.77T and A∼L0.86T0.48. The swarm aspect ratio, T/L, decreases approximately as L-0.32. The surface roughness (defined as P/A) has a weak dependence on swarm length and decreases approximately as T-0.46, which can be explained only by the appearance of indentations and cavities in the swarm shape. Overall, our study finds that there are distinct limits to the size and shape of swarms that Antarctic krill appear to be capable of forming and we explore the potential explanatory factors contributing to these limitations.
On sensor quantization in linear control systems: Krasovskii solutions meet semidefinite programming
Authors: Ferrante Francesco , Gouaisbaut Frédéric , Tarbouriech Sophie
Published: January 2019

Stability and stabilization for linear state feedback control systems in the presence of sensor quantization are studied. As the closed-loop system is described by a discontinuous right-hand side differential equation, Krasovskii solutions (to the closed-loop system) are considered. Sufficient conditions in the form of matrix inequalities are proposed to characterize uniform global asymptotic stability of a compact set containing the origin. Such conditions are shown to be always feasible whenever the quantization-free closed-loop system is asymptotically stable. Building on the obtained conditions, computationally affordable algorithms for the solution to the considered problems are illustrated. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is shown in three examples.
A Leray regularized ensemble-proper orthogonal decomposition method for parameterized convection-dominated flows
Authors: Gunzburger Max , Iliescu Traian , Schneier Michael
Published: January 2019

Partial differential equations (PDEs) are often dependent on input quantities that are uncertain. To quantify this uncertainty PDEs must be solved over a large ensemble of parameters. Even for a single realization this can be a computationally intensive process. In the case of flows governed by the Navier–Stokes equations, an efficient method has been devised for computing an ensemble of solutions. To further reduce the computational cost of this method, an ensemble-proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method was recently proposed. The main contribution of this work is the introduction of POD spatial filtering for ensemble-POD methods. The POD spatial filter makes possible the construction of the Leray ensemble-POD model, which is a regularized-reduced order model for the numerical simulation of convection-dominated flows of moderate Reynolds number. The Leray ensemble-POD model employs the POD spatial filter to smooth (regularize) the convection term in the Navier–Stokes equations, and diminishes the numerical inaccuracies produced by the ensemble-POD method in the numerical simulation of convection-dominated flows. Specifically, for the numerical simulation of a convection-dominated two-dimensional flow between two offset cylinders, we show that the Leray ensemble-POD method better reflects the dynamics of the benchmark results than the ensemble-POD scheme. The second contribution of this work is a new numerical discretization of the variable viscosity ensemble algorithm in which the average viscosity is replaced with the maximum viscosity. It is shown that this new numerical discretization is significantly more stable than those in current use. Furthermore, error estimates for the novel Leray ensemble-POD algorithm with this new numerical discretization are also proven.
Towards Just Resilience: Representing and Including New Constituencies in Adaptive Governance and Law
Authors: Pieraccini Margherita
Published: January 2019

Resilience has become a key concept in the era of global environmental change in both academic and policy circles. Social scientists have singled out adaptive governance as the most appropriate regulatory strategy to build resilience. Although adaptive governance scholars are proponents of participatory decision-making, they have not explored in depth the democratic potential of adaptive governance. Questions of who should be represented and why have not been fully addressed from a normative viewpoint. Building on political theories of justice and green political thinking, this article explores more in depth the issue of procedural justice and representation in adaptive governance. In doing so the article makes a first attempt at developing the theoretical foundations for ‘just resilience’.
‘Setting’ the Stuart court
Authors: Hitchmough Wendy
Published: January 2019

This article interrogates three manuscript inventories for Anna of Denmark’s collection at the Tudor palace of Oatlands in Surrey, written at yearly intervals in 1616, 1617 and 1618. It explores the changing display of her paintings there in lavishly furnished settings and the positioning of a new portrait, Paul van Somer’s Anne of Denmark. Van Somer locates his subject in the hunting park at Oatlands with a representation, in the background, of an Inigo Jones gateway. This article explores Anna’s agency as a collector and patron. It proposes new readings for the interplay between portraiture, architecture, and the decorative and performing arts at the early Stuart court. Through a study of particular occasions at which they were seen by foreign ambassadors, it proposes a political currency for the queen’s collection and for van Somer’s portraits and Jones’s architecture, as integral components in the elaborate ‘performances’ of the court.