bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monitoring populations of bioluminescent organisms using digital night photography and image analysis: a case study of the fireflies of the Selangor River, Malaysia
Authors: KIRTON LAURENCE G. , NADA B. , KHOO VERONICA , PHON CHOOI‐KHIM
Published: July 2011

Abstract.  1. The ability of bioluminescent organisms to produce light provides opportunities for remote, non‐destructive sampling through imaging. A case study of its use in monitoring populations is described for fireflies that congregate on riverbank trees in an ecotourism destination in Kuala Selangor, Malaysia.

2. Digital images were captured from set locations at a standardised moon phase and time of night, at distances of 60–270 m across the riverbank.

3. Counts of bright spots by trained, cross‐calibrated operators were used as an index of abundance, and could often be predicted by regression equations for a subsample of particle analysis counts generated by image analysis software.

4. In tests of the sustainability of the technique, prediction of counts from an upgrade camera could be achieved by multiple linear regressions incorporating camera‐subject distance, particle size, and particle intensity characteristics. Multiple linear regressions could also be used to refine prediction of manual counts from particle analysis counts in this camera.

5. Sampling light emissions enabled a much larger area of habitat to be monitored than would have been possible with other methods. In total, 1.6 km of the river margin could be imaged in just three nights from 20:30 to 23:30 hours. The technique can also be adapted to monitor populations of other aggregating, light producing organisms and to study group display behaviour.
Discourse, action, rhetoric: From a perception to an action paradigm in social psychology
Authors: Durrheim Kevin
Published: July 2011

This article provides a personal account of how discursive social psychology has been used to understand social and political change in South Africa and to reflect on the strengths and limitations of the approach. While celebrating the shift from the perception paradigm to the genuinely social constructionist focus on discursive interaction, the article also argues for an expanded focus on embodied action.
Investigation and Correction of Surface Distortion in Dies With Typical Depression Features
Authors: Wang Hui-Ping , Zhao Kunmin , Hu Ping , Fu Zhengchun , Bao Jing-Ru
Published: July 2011

Surface distortions are frequently introduced into Class “A” surfaces during various sheet metal forming operations such as drawing, trimming, and flanging. The origins of these surface distortions have not been well understood. The scope of this research is to investigate the distortion that occurs in the draw operation and to find effective and practical corrective methods. Five geometric parameters are first identified to represent typical depression features in automobile outer panels. Experimental dies are then designed to reflect various combinations of these five geometric parameters with the assistance of numerical simulations to ensure that the dies can make parts free of major defects such as splits and wrinkles. Surface distortions are observed in our stamping experiments and various techniques are used to measure and record the distortions for further mathematical analysis. Historical data of strains and deflections in distortion areas are collected through real-time measurement. The effects of three geometric parameters on distortion are analyzed using a full factorial DOE model. A geometry morphing program based on UG-NX platform is developed. The program is used to morph the die face in the distortion areas. Finally, three approaches that aim to correct distortions are tried out and the die morphing proves to be a practical and effective method.
Cardiac AAV9-S100A1 Gene Therapy Rescues Post-Ischemic Heart Failure in a Preclinical Large Animal Model
Authors: Pleger Sven T. , Shan Changguang , Ksienzyk Jan , Bekeredjian Raffi , Boekstegers Peter , Hinkel Rabea , Schinkel Stefanie , Leuchs Barbara , Ludwig Jochen , Qiu Gang , Weber Christophe , Raake Philip , Koch Walter J. , Katus Hugo A. , Müller Oliver J. , Most Patrick
Published: July 2011

A protein that regulates cellular calcium, delivered percutaneously to the heart by gene therapy, improves cardiac function in pigs with heart failure and may also be effective in humans.
THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF JETS AT COLLIDERS: LIGHT AND HEAVY QUARK INCLUSIVE HADRONIC DISTRIBUTIONS
Authors: PEREZ-RAMOS REDAMY
Published: July 2011

In this paper, we report our results on charged hadron multiplicities of heavy quark initiated jets produced in high energy collisions. After implementing the so-called dead cone effect in QCD evolution equations, we find that the average multiplicity decreases significantly as compared to the massless case. Finally, we discuss the transverse momentum distribution of light quark initiated jets and emphasize the comparison between our predictions and CDF data.
Analysis of the regulation of fatty acid binding protein 7 expression in human renal carcinoma cell lines
Authors: Takaoka Naohisa , Takayama Tatsuya , Teratani Takumi , Sugiyama Takayuki , Mugiya Soichi , Ozono Seiichiro
Published: July 2011

Background

Improving the treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) will depend on the development of better biomarkers for predicting disease progression and aiding the design of appropriate therapies. One such marker may be fatty acid binding protein 7 (FABP7), also known as B-FABP and BLBP, which is expressed normally in radial glial cells of the developing central nervous system and cells of the mammary gland. Melanomas, glioblastomas, and several types of carcinomas, including RCC, overexpress FABP7. The abundant expression of FABP7 in primary RCCs compared to certain RCC-derived cell lines may allow the definition of the molecular components of FABP7's regulatory system.

Results

We determined FABP7 mRNA levels in six RCC cell lines. Two were highly expressed, whereas the other and the embryonic kidney cell line (HEK293) were weakly expressed FABP7 transcripts. Western blot analysis of the cell lines detected strong FABP7 expression only in one RCC cell line. Promoter activity in the RCC cell lines was 3- to 21-fold higher than that of HEK293. Deletion analysis demonstrated that three FABP7 promoter regions contributed to upregulated expression in RCC cell lines, but not in the HEK293 cell. Competition analysis of gel shifts indicated that OCT1, OCT6, and nuclear factor I (NFI) bound to the FABP7 promoter region. Supershift experiments indicated that BRN2 (POU3F2) and NFI bound to the FABP7 promoter region as well. There was an inverse correlation between FABP7 promoter activity and BRN2 mRNA expression. The FABP7-positive cell line's NFI-DNA complex migrated faster than in other cell lines. Levels of NFIA mRNA were higher in the HEK293 cell line than in any of the six RCC cell lines. In contrast, NFIC mRNA expression was lower in the HEK293 cell line than in the six RCC cell lines.

Conclusions

Three putative FABP7 promoter regions drive reporter gene expression in RCC cell lines, but not in the HEK293 cell line. BRN2 and NFI may be key factors regulating the expression of FABP7 in certain RCC-derived cell lines.
Price Transmission and Volatility in the Greek Broiler Sector: A Threshold Cointegration Analysis
Authors: Rezitis Anthony N , Stavropoulos Konstantinos S
Published: July 2011

This article investigates the non-linear adjustment and price volatility between consumer and producer prices in the Greek broiler sector, using a threshold error correction autoregressive model and two multivariate GARCH models, i.e. DVEC(1,1) and BEKK(1,1). The results reject the null hypothesis of linear cointegration in favor of a three-regime threshold cointegration model. A cointegrating relationship is expected either when the relative markup is squeezed more than 30.89%, i.e. the price system is found in the lower regime, or if it increases more than 39.10%, i.e. the system is found in the upper regime. In the first case, the consumer price has to increase, while in the latter case, the producer price has to increase. Both price changes tend to bring the price system into the middle regime where the average relative markup is about 35.90%. The volatility results obtained from the estimation of the two multivariate GARCH models indicate that producer and consumer broiler prices present a significant level of persistence and that producer price volatility shows higher persistence than consumer price volatility. The results also indicate that consumer price volatility is higher in the first regime than in the middle regime, while producer price volatility is higher in the third regime than in the middle regime. Finally, the results suggest that the broiler price system is moving from the first to the middle regime via an increase in both the consumer price level and the consumer price volatility, while the price system is moving from the third to the middle regime via an increase in both the producer price level and the producer price volatility.
Power Line Communication an Essential Tool for Digital Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman M Mahbubur , Islam Md Eliasinul
Published: July 2011

An estimation for the power line communications (PLC) for Bangladesh is made referring various technical research papers and current Journals. The aim of this study is to identify essential aspect of the power line communications for both domestic and outdoor application and the use of consumer communication when various possible services are developed worldwide commercially [1,9]. Possible services, bandwidth, service area, quality, reliability, and the cost are also taken into considerations. The signal in a transmission line is impaired by the presence of unwanted extraneous signals (noise and interference) on the line. The frequency dependent characteristics of the transmission line are also responsible to impair the transmission of signals along the lines. Noise and interference, with its presence tends to impede the reception of the desired signal and is usually the limiting factor in its detection. Noise is usually composed of randomly occurring voltages, which are unrelated in phase or frequency and may sometimes be of a very peak in nature. Interference on the other hand is usually more structured than noise since it arises as unwanted coupling from just a few signals in the network. In this paper a brief discussion of noise in a power line environment and need for power line communication in Bangladesh is presented as an essential tool for digital Bangladesh. KEY WORDS: Cyclostationary noise; Attenuation; PDF(probability density function); White noise; Interference; Variance DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/mist.v3i0.8047
Developing A Smart Control System of Electrical Appliances By Computer Interfacing
Authors: Das NK , Alamgir M Ziauddin , Das CK , Hasan MM , Rahman MM , Alam MF
Published: July 2011

The use of computer interfacing systems for controlling the device is spreading at an increasingly fast pace, with analogous wired system being substituted by computer interfaced systems alternatives in growing number of industries. As the technology progress many control system have been developed ranging from high end stuff to our common daily life. The main objective of this project is to develop a roadmap on communication and control technologies for distributed electrical equipments. Equipments located at any remote place can be monitored and controlled. The process is mainly to communicate between the two remote controlling device and setup connection between devices which are to be controlled. The main hallmark is to get access to the controlling section from any distance location in a convenient way and supervising the system accordingly. The speciality of this project is that the operator will able to control different devices at home/industry by using a single PC. An added advantage of this control system is that the operator will able to know the status of the device to be controlled from a remote place. Here, the algorithm of controlling any kind of electrical equipments is developed. The speeds of a DC motor are controlled as a test case and also monitor the voltage and current during different speed level of the motor. KEY WORDS: Distance control; Advance Monitoring; IP addresses based control; Client server interface; Visual basic. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/mist.v3i0.8050
Design AID for Continuous Beams
Authors: Khuda SN , Anwar AMMT
Published: July 2011

Analysis and design of beam is still an important part in Structural Engineering practice. As a major component in structure, it demands due attention and accuracy. At the same time engineers need to achieve economy in time and cost in the design of beams. To assist designers moment coefficients are developed for continuous beams in this work. Existing ACI moment coefficients are applicable only under certain conditions and have some limitations. This study is an attempt to develop moment coefficients for beams which will be applicable beyond ACI limitations. Comparison of developed coefficients with corresponding ACI coefficients has been done and a satisfactory agreement is found. However, ACI coefficients are found to be conservative. Additionally design tables are developed for selection of RC beam section and reinforcement when design bending moment and shear are available. SAP2000 has been used for analysis of beams during the study. Models are used to generate exact moment coefficients for beams of different span ratios and spans under uniform loading. The moment coefficients and design tables generated in this work will be useful for practicing engineers for quick design. KEY WORDS: Moment Coefficient; Shear; Continuous Beam; Uniform Loading. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/mist.v3i0.8051
Une évaluation de l'équivalent patrimonial des droits à la retraite détenus par les ménages
Authors: Vernière Laurent
Published: July 2011

An Evaluation of the Asset Equivalent of Retirement Benefits in Households,

by Laurent Vernière.

The purpose of this paper is to measure the level of the net asset equivalent of aggregate retirement benefits, and their evolution between 1960 and 1985, separating people over 60 from those between 15 and 59. These retirement benefits are acquired by French households via pension schemes operating on a share-out principle. They represent a claim on future generations' incomes from work. The asset equivalent is then compared with the financial wealth and with gross disposable income of households.
Sélection du nombre de retards dans un modèle VAR : conséquences éventuelles du choix des critères
Authors: Deniau Claude , Fiori Georges , Mathis Alexandre
Published: July 2011

Sélection du nombre de retards dans un modèle VAR conséquences éventuelles du choix des critères,

par Claude Deniau, Georges Fiori, Alexandre M athis.

Ce travail s'intéresse à la détermination du nombre de retards à prendre en compte dans des représentations autorégressives vectorielles. La sensibilité des résultats obtenus est examinée sur un ensemble de trois variables comprenant la monnaie, le taux d'intérêt réel et la production.
Croissance et formation : le rôle de la politique éducative
Authors: Caroli Eve
Published: July 2011

Wachstum und Ausbildung: die Rolle der Bildungspolitik,

von Eve Caroli.

In diesem Artikel wird ein erster Ansatz zur Erklärung der Beziehung zwischen Wachstum und Bildungspolitik vorgeschlagen. Zu diesem Zweck erweitern wir das von R. Lucas 1988 erstellte Modell, das einen der ersten Versuche zur Endogenisierang des Humankapitals in einem Wachstumsmodell darstellte. Unserer Hypothèse zufolge ist die Produktivität der Durchschnittszeit, die pro Individuum für die Ausbildung aufgebracht wird, hinsichtlich der Wachstumsrate des Humankapitals nicht von den Merkmalen des Bildungssystems unabhängig. Wir vermuten, daß es sich um eine steigende, aber saturierende Funktion der Ausbildungsrate handelt, die hier die exogène Variable der Bildungspolitik darstellt. Dementsprechend berücksichtigt der Ausdruck der Produktionsfunktion die Tatsache, daß die Ausbilder gerade Erwerbstätige sind, die die Zahl der im Sektor der Endproduktion Beschäftigten entsprechend mindern. Die Auflösung des Modells veranschaulicht, daß entlang des Pfads eines gleichgewichtigen Wachstums die Wachstumsrate der Wirtschaft eine steigende und danach abnehmende Funktion der Ausbildungsrate darstellt. Dies bedeutet, daß sich die Zunahme der Ausbildungsrate bei Überschreitung einer bestimmten Schwelle auf das Wachstum kontraproduktiv auswirkt. Folglich gibt es eine optimale Ausbildungspolitik. Diese variiert zudem je nach der Effizienz der Ausbilder, so daß man zu dem Schluß gelangt, daß die maximale Wachstumsrate, die die Wirtschaft erreichen kann, um so niedriger ist, je geringer die Qualität des Ausbildungspersonals ist bzw. je schlechter die Unterrichtsbedingungen sind.
Alba-la-Romaine (Ardèche) : les lampes en terre-cuite
Authors: Ayala Grégoire
Published: July 2011

The oil lamps from Alba-la-Romaine are a homogenous unit, because we know the archeological site where they come from and where they were used, while in this area it is hard to find the link between the objects discovered and the context of their origin. This study allows to try to draw a synthethis concerning the lamps of east southern France. Thanks to typological distinctions and the macroscopic analysis which were carried on, we were able to find out firstly, that Italic patterns were adopted, but also some works which are difficult to classify because they were not well known: their appearance is trite and could reflect the potters' independent attitude towards the Italic workshops. In this study, after the description of the historical background, then the collection is presented from a double point of view: the technological one — the designs of the makings, the groups of references of the pastes — and a morphological one — types, ornamental patterns and signatures. The diversity and the originality of this material make us hope that further research will bring a precise knowledge of the lamps in this area.
Une aire cultuelle sur l'oppidum de La Cloche aux Pennes-Mirabeau (Bouches-du-Rhône). Les enseignements de la zone sommitale
Authors: Chabot Louis
Published: July 2011

Le plan d'urbanisme qui remodela entièrement autour de — 110 -100 la colline qui porte l'oppidum de La Cloche (Les Pennes-Mirabeau, Bouches-du-Rhône) a dilué dans les remblais un matériel issu d'un habitat plus ancien. L'exploitation de la zone sommitale a permis de confirmer la présence d'une occupation des lieux aux Irf et If siècles. Elle a surtout mis au jour une aire cultuelle contre le rempart et la poterne sud. Cette aire cultuelle a livré un mobilier en bronze à vocation magique destiné vraisemblablement à lier l'ennemi : anneaux, plaquettes perforées, rubans torsadés. Ces objets sont identiques à ceux découverts sur les sites d'Entremont (B.-du-Rh.) et de Lardiers (Alpes-de-Haute-Provence). L'originalité de La Cloche est qu'outre ce mobilier qui semble désormais classique en Provence, on y a également trouvé des monnaies de bronze percées et que la stratigraphie révèle deux moments de ces cérémonies incantatoires à deux siècles d'intervalle. La dernière cérémonie semble avoir été interrompue par les tirs de baliste de l'assaillant.
Nouvelles réflexions sur les milites Glanici
Authors: Christol Michel
Published: July 2011

The inscription at Glanum that commemorates the vow made for Hercules Victor by Cn(eus) Pompeius Cornutus may indicate that the milites Glanici were not a local militia but rather soldiers from Glanum who served in regular units of the Roman army, probably in the German provinces, and had been regrouped in a vexillatio for a military operation. Their officers were not necessarily from Glanum.
Villa ou vicus ? Quelques exemples problématiques des trois Gaules
Authors: Bouet Alain
Published: July 2011

A new examination of ancient archaeological files without a priori and in a new light makes us able to give a new interpretation of the nature of some sites : villae wich are vici or vici which are villae located in a vicus. The maps of thermae oftently bring determinant features. This study concerns some sites in the Tres Galliae.
MORPHOLOGICAL AND NEUROCHEMICAL ASSESSMENT OF REGENERATED PERIPHERAL NERVES IN BRIDGING CONDUITS
Authors: Tsai Chin-Chuan , Chen Li-Shu , Chan Chu-Ying , Tsai Fuu-Jen , Yao Chun-Hsu , Lee Han-Chung , Chen Yueh-Sheng
Published: July 2011

This research evaluated the use of proteins associated with neurite outgrowth, synapse formation, and Schwann cell proliferation as surrogate measures for morphological measurement of rat sciatic nerve regeneration across a 10-mm gap in silicone rubber conduits (SRCs), genipin-crosslinked gelatin conduits (GGCs), and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC)/N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)-crosslinked gelatin conduits (ENGs). After eight weeks, axonal growth of regenerated nerves was determined using light microscopy and computer-based quantitative image analysis. Expression of the axonal growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43), the synaptic protein synapsin I, and the transforming growth factors type β (TGF-βs) in regenerated nerves was assessed simultaneously by Western blot. As a result, the nerve regenerates in the SRCs and the ENGs had a significantly larger endoneurial area containing more myelinated axons compared to those in the GGCs at p < 0.05. The levels of GAP-43 and synapsin I, but not TGF-β, correlated well with axonal growth in the regenerated nerves. These data suggest that the combined techniques can be used to assess the status of regenerating axons in bridging conduits with different construction and physical properties.
Towards Small‐Scale Continuous Chemical Production: Technology Gaps and Challenges
Authors: Pashkova Aneta , Greiner Lasse
Published: July 2011

Continuous processes are highly attractive and their advantages are textbook knowledge. However, for small‐scale chemical production (typically up to 100 t per year) batch processes are the predominant application. Why this is the case and what factors dominate the decision is analyzed. Apart from technological reasons, socioeconomic, as well as human factors have to be accounted for.
Processing Polymeric Biomaterials using Supercritical CO2
Authors: Knez Željko , Markočič Elena , Novak Zoran , Hrnčič Maša Knez
Published: July 2011

The traditional methods for polymer processing involve either high temperatures, necessary for melting or viscosity reduction, or hazardous organic solvents and chlorofluorocarbons. Due to the undesirable environmental and biological impact of these solvents, intensive research is focused on seeking new and cleaner methods for the processing of polymers. The potential of supercritical (SC) CO2 as solvent or plasticizer for the processing of polymeric materials is reviewed in this study. The results suggest that SC CO2 due to its excellent properties, good solubility and plasticizing effect in polymers can be successfully used in processing biomaterials.
Ionic Liquids in Polymer Synthesis
Authors: Strehmel Veronika
Published: July 2011

Ionische Flüssigkeiten werden als neue Lösungsmittel für die Synthese und Modifizierung von Polymeren diskutiert. Radikalische, ionische, komplex koordinative und enzymatische Polymerisationen, Ringöffnungs‐ und Gruppentransferpolymerisationen sowie Polykondensationen sind bisher in ionischen Flüssigkeiten erfolgreich durchgeführt worden. Polymeranaloge Reaktionen an natürlichen bzw. synthetischen Polymeren in ionischen Flüssigkeiten führen zu Variationen der Struktur und damit der Eigenschaften dieser Polymere. Ionische Flüssigkeiten mit polymerisierbaren funktionellen Gruppen sind interessante Monomere für die Herstellung neuer polymerer Materialien, deren potenzielle Anwendungsgebiete sich von Batterien über Materialien zur Lösung analytischer Trennprobleme bis hin zu Überzügen mit antimikrobieller Wirkung erstrecken.
Two Germanide Hydride Phases Grown in Calcium‐Rich Flux: Use of Interstitial Elements for Discovery of New Phases
Authors: Lang David A. , Latturner Susan E.
Published: July 2011

Reactions of germanium in calcium/lithium flux yield crystals of new complex hydrides, with hydrogen incorporated either inadvertently due to traces of hydride contaminants in the flux metals, or deliberately by the addition of CaH2 as a reactant. The new germanide hydride Zintl phase LiCa7Ge3H3 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnma [a = 9.8599(2) Å, b = 13.7716(3) Å, c = 8.7430(2) Å; Z = 4; R1 = 0.0195]. The structure features isolated Ge4– anions surrounded by calcium ions, and hydride anions in octahedral sites defined by Ca and Li ions. Another product thatappears in these reactions was found to form from incorporation of both oxide and hydride impurities. This phase,LiCa11Ge3OHx (x ≈ 4) forms in the tetragonal space group P42/nmc [a = 15.832(2) Å, c = 13.694(2) Å; Z = 8; R1 = 0.0350]. In addition to isolated Ge4– and octahedral H– anions, the structure also features incorporation of oxide anions in octahedral sites.
Linear stability of WENO schemes coupled with explicit Runge–Kutta schemes
Authors: Hermes V. , Klioutchnikov I. , Olivier H.
Published: July 2011

This paper focuses on the results of the linear stability analysis of the finite‐difference weighted essentially non‐oscillatory (WENO) schemes with optimal weights. The standard WENO schemes between the third and 11th order, the order‐optimised WENO schemes of the sixth and eighth order and the bandwidth‐optimised WENO schemes of the third and fourth order are considered. Several explicit Runge–Kutta schemes including the recently published strong stability‐preserving explicit Runge–Kutta schemes are considered for time discretisation. The stability limits as well as dissipation and dispersion properties dependent on the Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy number are presented for a hyperbolic model equation. The different combinations of space and time discretisation schemes are compared in terms of their accuracy and efficiency. For a parabolic model equation, the viscous term is discretised with high‐order central differences. The stability limits for the parabolic problem are presented as well. Numerical results of linear test cases are shown. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Indication for relumpectomy—a useful scoring system in cases of invasive breast cancer
Authors: Halevy Ariel , Lavy Ron , Pappo Itzhak , Davidson Tima , Gold‐Deutch Ruth , Jeroukhimov Igor , Shapira Zahar , Wassermann Ilan , Sandbank Judith , Chikman Bar
Published: July 2011

Background and Objectives

In two‐thirds of breast cancer patients undergoing reoperation no residual tumor will be found. A scoring system for selection of patients who might benefit from relumpectomy is proposed.

Methods

This study is based on 293 patients with invasive breast cancer undergoing reoperation due to margins of <2 mm. Eighteen parameters were evaluated by univariate and multivariate stepwise logistic regression.

Results

Univariate analysis identified nine parameters associated with a residual invasive tumor: surgical margins; lobular histological type; grade 3; multifocality; positive lymph modes; non‐fine needle localization (FNL) versus FNL lumpectomy; vascular/lymphatic invasion; age <50 years; and tumor size ≥3 cm. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression study identified six out of nine parameters associated with a higher probability of finding a residual invasive tumor: margins <1 mm, multifocality, tumor size ≥3 cm, positive lymph nodes, age <50 years, and lumpectomy without previous FNL. Odds of these factors were used for scoring.

Conclusions

For patients with surgical margins <2 mm and a score of <4, the probability of finding a residual invasive tumor is 0%, while the probability of finding a microfocus of <2 mm of invasive carcinoma is 3.2% and of finding residual DCIS is up to 10%. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012;105:376–380. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Routine central neck dissection in differentiated thyroid carcinoma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Shan Cheng‐Xiang , Zhang Wei , Jiang Dao‐Zhen , Zheng Xiang‐Min , Liu Sheng , Qiu Ming
Published: July 2011

Objective/Hypothesis:

The role of central neck dissection (CND) remains controversial in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC).

Study Design:

Systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Methods:

A systematic review and meta‐analysis focusing on surgical morbidities and locoregional recurrence after total thyroidectomy (TT) with CND versus TT alone was performed.

Results:

Sixteen trials were analyzed. There was no increased risk of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury (temporary or permanent), permanent hypocalcemia, or locoregional recurrence when CND was performed in addition to TT. Postoperative temporary hypocalcemia was more common after TT with CND than after TT alone.

Conclusions:

TT alone results in less surgical morbidity in the immediate postoperative period and an identical locoregional recurrence rate compared with TT plus CND. Laryngoscope, 2012
Synthesis of electromagnetic band gap structures using stepped impedance resonators
Authors: Sankaran Nithya , Swaminathan Madhavan , Tummala Rao
Published: July 2011

An approach to synthesize electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structures which offer isolation in the desired frequency band is proposed. The methodology treats EBGs as stepped impedance resonators (SIRs) and predicts the fundamental band gap of EBGs from the resonance condition of SIRs. The methodology is validated through simulations and measurements. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2378–2382, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26249
Novel high‐gain coupled microstrip line‐fed circularly polarized microstrip antenna with low profile
Authors: Jiang Chao , Yang Xue‐Xia , Cao Sai‐Xiong
Published: July 2011

A novel high‐gain circularly polarized microstrip antenna fed by a coupled microstrip line (CMS) is presented. The circularly polarized radiation is excited by a pair of side‐concave patches. Two identical patches are combined and fed by CMS. The simulated maximum gain is 9.5 dB and minimum axial ratio (AR) is 0.3 dB both at the center frequency of 5.8 GHz. A 180° phase shifter balun is designed to measure the antenna. Simulation and experiment results have good agreement. The measured bandwidth of return loss below −10 dB is 160 MHz. The maximum gain and minimum AR is 9.7 and 1.0 dB, respectively. The bandwidth of AR less than 3 dB is about 80 MHz. This antenna is characterized by low profile and high gain. It can be used as the receiving antenna in microwave power transmission and other communication systems. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2340–2343, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26255
Low‐profile frequency agile directive antenna based on an active metasurface
Authors: Burokur Shah Nawaz , Daniel Jean‐Pierre , Ratajczak Philippe , de Lustrac André
Published: July 2011

The modeling and characterization of a broadband frequency agile metamaterial‐based cavity antenna around 2 GHz is reported in this article.An electronically active metasurface composed of simultaneously a capacitive and an inductive grid is used as a partially reflecting surface (PRS), and the cavity is excited by an array of four wideband L‐strip fed printed microstrip patch antennas. The incorporation of variable capacitance in the metasurface helps to tune the resonance frequency and the phase characteristics. Measurements performed on a fabricated prototype present a reconfigurable resonance frequency between 1.9 and 2.31 GHz and a directivity of 18 dBi for a low profile cavity thickness of λ/10 at 2 GHz. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2291–2295, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26290
Analysis of coupling between digital signal on FPCB and mobile handset antenna
Authors: Kim Joonchul , Kim Hyeongdong
Published: July 2011

Digital harmonics, which may reduce the radio frequency (RF) sensitivity of a system, can be coupled with an antenna in a mobile handset. Especially, the digital signals which flows a flexible printed circuit board (FPCB) can be coupled with an antenna and which seriously degrade the system sensitivity. This article explores the coupling mechanisms of digital harmonics on an FPCB with an antenna in terms of the characteristic mode current and the concept of reaction. The signal and ground lines in an FPCB are modeled as a loop path exciting a characteristic mode current, and the mechanisms of the coupling between the digital signal and the antenna port are analyzed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2318–2321, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26292
Parturition events and risk of urinary incontinence in later life
Authors: Thom David H. , Brown Jeanette S. , Schembri Michael , Ragins Arona I. , Creasman Jennifer M. , Van Den Eeden Stephen K.
Published: July 2011

Aims

To examine the association between specific events during vaginal deliveries and urinary incontinence later in life.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of 1,521 middle‐aged and older women with at least one vaginal delivery who were long‐term members of an integrated health delivery system. Age, race/ethnicity, current incontinence status, medical, surgical history, pregnancy and parturition history, menopausal status, hormone replacement, health habits, and general health were obtained by questionnaire. Labor and delivery records, archived since 1948, were abstracted by professional medical record abstractors to obtain parturition events including induction, length of labor stages, type of anesthesia, episiotomy, instrumental delivery, and birth weight. The primary dependent variable was current weekly urinary incontinence (once per week or more often) versus urinary incontinence less than monthly (including no incontinence) in past 12 months. Associations of parturition events and later incontinence were assessed in multivariate analysis with logistic regression.

Results

The mean age of participants was 56 years. After adjustment for multiple risk factors, weekly urinary incontinence significantly associated with age at first birth (P = 0.036), greatest birth weight (P = 0.005), and ever having been induced for labor (OR = 1.51; 95%CI = 1.06–2.16, P = 0.02). Risk of incontinence increased from OR = 1.35 (95%CI = 0.92–1.97, P = 0.12) for women with one induction to OR = 2.67 (95%CI = 1.25–5.71, P = 0.01) for women with two or more inductions (P = 0.01 for trend). No other parturition factors were associated with incontinence.

Conclusions

Younger age at first birth, greatest birth weight, and induction of labor were associated with an increased risk of incontinence in later life. Neurourol. Urodynam. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30: 1456–1461, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Which treatments do children with newly diagnosed non‐organic urinary incontinence receive? An analysis of 3,188 outpatient cases from Germany
Authors: Hoffmann Falk , Steuber Christian , Günther Judith , Glaeske Gerd , Bachmann Christian J.
Published: July 2011

Aims

Objectives of this study were to examine the administrative incidence of urinary incontinence in children and to assess related outpatient health services utilization in this cohort.

Methods

Data of a statutory health insurance company were analyzed and outpatients from 1 to 18 years of age with a first recorded ICD‐10 code for non‐organic urinary incontinence during a 1‐year‐period (2007) were identified. For this cohort, the prescription of desmopressin, antispasmodics, non‐selective monoamine reuptake inhibitors, alarm devices, and incontinence pads in the quarter of the first diagnosis and in the following one (i.e., 6 months) was evaluated with respect to age and gender.

Results

3,188 patients (59.4% male; mean age 6.8 years) matched the inclusion criteria, of whom 25.4% were under 5 years old. 7.9% were prescribed desmopressin, 7.4% received urinary antispasmodics, and 7.0% were treated with alarm devices. For 77.9% of patients, no specific incontinence‐related treatments were prescribed. We found considerable differences in treatment patterns between age groups, with patients ≥7 years receiving desmopressin more frequently than alarm devices. Regarding gender differences, the proportion of males treated with alarm devices (prevalence ratio [PR] 1.46; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.11–1.92) and at least one specific treatment (PR 1.19; 95%CI 1.04–1.35) remained statistically significantly higher, even after adjusting for age.

Conclusions

In our study, we found evidence that treatment modalities only partly comply with the current guidelines for treatment of children and adolescents with non‐organic urinary incontinence. Therefore, the dissemination of current guidelines remains a major educational goal. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:93–98, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A2thOS: availability analysis and optimisation in SLAs
Authors: Zambon Emmanuele , Etalle Sandro , Wieringa Roel J.
Published: July 2011

Information technology (IT) service availability is at the core of customer satisfaction and business success for today's organisations. Many medium‐ to large‐size organisations outsource part of their IT services to external providers, with service‐level agreements describing the agreed availability of outsourced service components. Availability management of partially outsourced IT services is a non‐trivial task since classic approaches for calculating availability are not applicable, and IT managers can only rely on their expertise to fulfil it. This often leads to the adoption of non‐optimal solutions. In this paper we present A2thOS, a framework to calculate the availability of partially outsourced IT services in the presence of SLAs and to achieve a cost‐optimal choice of availability levels for outsourced IT components while guaranteeing a target availability level for the service. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
N,N′‐Bis(Salicylidene)‐1,2‐Cyclohexanediamine Lanthanide(III) Coordination Polymers: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Luminescence Properties
Authors: Wang Gui‐Ling , Tian Yong‐Mei , Sun Wen‐Bin , Han Bing‐Lu , Yu Mang‐Fei , Xu Hui , Gao Ting
Published: July 2011

The salen‐type ligand H2L [H2L = N,N′‐bis(salicylidene)‐1,2‐cyclohexanediamine] was utilized for the synthesis of two lanthanide(III) coordination polymers [LnH2L(NO3)3MeOH]n [Ln = Eu (1) and Ln = Lu (2)]. The single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses of 1 and 2 revealed that they are isomorphous and exhibit one‐dimension neutral structure, in which H2L effectively functions as a bridging ligand and give rise to a chain‐like polymer. The luminescent properties of polymers in solid state and in solution were investigated and 1 exhibits typical red luminescence of EuIII ions in solid state and dichloromethane solution and 2 emits the ligand‐centered blue luminescence. The energy transfer mechanisms in these luminescent lanthanide polymers were described through calculation of the lowest triplet level of ligand H2L.
The China-Hong Kong Connection
Authors: Sung Yun-Wing
Published: July 2011

This is an account of the 'middleman' role Hong Kong has played in China's Open Door Policy. It explains the paradoxical situation by which Hong Kong's role as intermediary in China's commodity trade is becoming more prominent in spite of the fact that since the development of the Open Door Policy in 1979 China has established many direct diplomatic, commercial and transportation links with the outside world. The book makes an important contribution to understanding China's various phases of economic reform and its interactions with global economic markets. Moreover, its arrival is timely, given the forced isolation of China after the events in Tiananmen Square in June 1989 as well as the fact that few years remain before Hong Kong ceases to be a British colony to become part of China. Dr Sung predicts that China's demands on Hong Kong's capacity as intermediary will increase dramatically when this happens.
Introduction to Supersymmetry
Authors: Freund Peter G. O.
Published: July 2011

Just as ordinary symmetries relate various forms of matter to each other, and various basic forces to each other, so the novel concept of supersymmetry relates (Fermi) matter to (Bose) force. It is the aim of this book to provide a brief introductory description of the new physical and mathematical ideas involved in formulating supersymmetric theories. The book starts with a physical motivation of supersymmetry, a presentation of the mathematics of Lie superalgebras, supergroups and superspace. Techniques for constructing manifestly globally supersymmetric field theories are given, using the superfield formalism. To allow for a clear flow of ideas, the basic ideas and techniques are worked out in low space dimensionalities where the formulae do not obscure the concepts. Generalizations to four space-time dimensions are then readily come by. Some quantum aspects are discussed. Possible phenomenological applications are not emphasized. Supergravities, locally supersymmetric theories are then considered in 4 and 11 dimensions, in component formalism. An introduction to supersymmetry will be of interest to postgraduate students and researchers in theoretical and particle physics, especially those working in quantum field theory, quantum gravity, general relativity and supergravity. The book will also be of interest to mathematicians with an interest in theoretical physics.
Wave Interactions and Fluid Flows
Authors: Craik Alex D. D.
Published: July 2011

Wave Interactions and Fluid Flows is a coherent, up-to-date and comprehensive account of theory and experiment on wave-interaction phenomena, both in fluids at rest and in shear flows. On the one hand, this includes water waves, internal waves, their evolution and interaction and associated wave-driven mean flows; on the other, phenomena of nonlinear hydrodynamic stability, especially those leading to the onset of turbulence. Close similarities - and crucial differences - exist between these two classes of phenomena and their treatment in this single study provides a particularly valuable bridge between more specialised, but related, disciplines. As a result, this unique book will appeal to researchers and graduate students of fluid mechanics in its widest sense, including the study of wave-interaction phenomena in such diverse fields as meteorology, aeronautical and hydraulic engineering, optics, solar physics and population dynamics. Dr Craik is an active researcher of long-standing at the University of St Andrews and has wide experience in the field of fluid mechanics.
Scenes of Nature, Signs of Men
Authors: Tanner Tony
Published: July 2011

This book is about the relationship of the American writer to his land and language - to the 'scene' and the 'sign', to the natural landscape and the inscriptions imposed upon it by men. Among the questions considered in the first section of the book are how does American Romantic writing differ from European; what are the peculiar problems faced by the American artist, and what roles does he adopt to tackle them; what kind of writing results when authors as different as Henry Adams and Mark Twain lament the vanishing of an earlier America, or when Adams and Henry James review their complex relationship to their homeland, or when W. D. Howells and Stephen Crane seek to define their themes in a specifically American setting. The second section of the book examines similar concerns in a number of contemporary writers, notably Thomas Pynchon, John Barth, Donald Barthelme, John DeLillo, and William Gass.
The Language and Logic of the Bible
Authors: Evans G. R.
Published: July 2011

All the apparatus of learning in the earlier Middle Ages had the ultimate purpose - at least in principle - of making it possible to understand the Bible better. The fathers laid foundations on which their successors built for a thousand years and more, which helped to form and direct the principles of modern criticism. This study looks at the assumptions within which students of the Bible in the West approached their reading, from Augustine to the end of the twelfth century, when distinct skills in grammar and logic made it possible to develop more refined critical methods and to apply fresh tools to the task.
Image, Text, and Religious Reform in Fifteenth-Century England
Authors: Gayk Shannon
Published: July 2011

Focusing on the period between the Wycliffite critique of images and Reformation iconoclasm, Shannon Gayk investigates the sometimes complementary and sometimes fraught relationship between vernacular devotional writing and the religious image. She examines how a set of fifteenth-century writers, including Lollard authors, John Lydgate, Thomas Hoccleve, John Capgrave, and Reginald Pecock, translated complex clerical debates about the pedagogical and spiritual efficacy of images and texts into vernacular settings and literary forms. These authors found vernacular discourse to be a powerful medium for explaining and reforming contemporary understandings of visual experience. In its survey of the function of literary images and imagination, the epistemology of vision, the semiotics of idols, and the authority of written texts, this study reveals a fifteenth century that was as much an age of religious and literary exploration, experimentation, and reform as it was an age of regulation.
A History of Greece
Authors: Grote George
Published: July 2011

Widely acknowledged as the most authoritative Victorian study of ancient Greece, George Grote's twelve-volume work, begun in 1846, established the view of Greek history which still prevails in textbooks and popular accounts of the ancient world today. Grote employs direct and clear language to take the reader from the earliest times of legendary Greece to the death of Alexander and his generation, drawing upon epic poetry and legend, and examining the growth and decline of the Athenian democracy. The work explains Greek political constitutions and philosophy, and interwoven throughout are the important but outlying adventures of the Sicilian and Italian Greeks. Volume 1 focuses on the legendary Greece, the times of epic poetry and legend, and explains how what we read today as myth was once, as Grote describes it, 'accredited history which the first Greeks could conceive or relish of their past time'.
Mathematical and Physical Papers
Authors: Stokes George Gabriel
Published: July 2011

Sir George Stokes (1819–1903) established the science of hydrodynamics with his law of viscosity describing the velocity of a small sphere through a viscous fluid. He published no books, but was a prolific lecturer and writer of papers for the Royal Society, the British Association for the Advancement of Science, the Victoria Institute and other mathematical and scientific institutions. These collected papers (issued between 1880 and 1905) are therefore the only readily available record of the work of an outstanding and influential mathematician, who was Lucasian Professor of Mathematics in Cambridge for over fifty years, Master of Pembroke College, President of the Royal Society (1885–1890), Associate Secretary of the Royal Commission on the University of Cambridge and a Member of Parliament for the University.
The History of the Yorubas
Authors: Johnson Samuel
Published: July 2011

Samuel Johnson (1846–1901) was an Anglican minister and historian renowned for his magisterial history of the Yoruba people. Born in Freetown in Sierra Leone and educated by the Church Missionary Society, Johnson was sent with his family to Idaban in Nigeria in 1857. He was ordained in 1880 and by 1897 had finished the manuscript for The History of the Yorubas. However the original publisher mysteriously misplaced the manuscript. After Johnson's death his brother, Dr Obadiah Johnson, recompiled the text from Samuel's notes. This volume, first published in 1921, contains that reconstructed edition. This pioneering volume brought together various oral and recorded accounts of Yoruba history, describing not only political history but also social customs, language and laws. Although recent analysis of the text has revealed some inaccuracies, this volume remains the standard reference for the history of the Yoruba people.