bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Venae Comitantes as a Potential Vascular Resource to Create Native Arteriovenous Fistulae
Authors: Morale Walter , Patanè Domenico , Incardona Concetta , Seminara Giuseppe , Messina Martina , Malfa Pierantonio , L'Anfusa Giuseppe , D'Arrigo Giuseppe , Spanti Demetrio , Mandalà Maria Luisa , Di Landro Domenico
Published: November 2010

Purpose

The arteriovenous fistula (AVF) represents the gold standard for hemodialysis (HD) vascular access. In some critical cases, use of the deep venous circle may represent an alternative approach and venae comitantes could be employed for this purpose.

Methods

Sixty patients with chronic renal failure in which the deep venous circle was used to create an AVF were identified; of the 48 who had a direct anastomosis between the brachial artery and vena comitans, 42 had a long-term follow-up (mean follow-up 59 weeks), while six were lost to follow-up.

Results

Immediate success (patency and palpable thrill) was achieved in 88% of cases (primary and early failure 12%). Primary accessibility rate was 62%, while 11 patients required a second surgical approach to make the vein accessible to needling. Secondary accessibility rate of 71% was due to surgical revisions. In the 80–week observation period, the complication rate was 10% with irreversible loss of the AVF in all these cases. Cumulative patency was 71% at the 80th week. Including all 42 patients, technical and functional success rate, defined as vein accessibility to needling and chance of an adequate HD treatment, was 62%.

Conclusions

AVF employing venae comitantes may represent a suitable alternative in the absence of other vascular accesses for HD.
Comparison of Clinical Effectiveness between Surgical and Endovascular Treatment for Thrombotic Obstruction in Hemodialysis Access
Authors: Ito Yutaka , Sato Takashi , Okada Rei , Nakamura Nobumasa , Kimura Keiko , Takahashi Ryo , Miwa Naofumi , Sakurai Hiroshi , Tsuboi Masato , Kasuga Hirotake
Published: November 2010

Purpose

Endovascular treatment (ET) is widely used for thrombotic complications of vascular access (VA) for hemodialysis. We evaluated the effectiveness of both ET and surgical interventions for thrombotic complications.

Methods

We studied 533 patients who underwent surgical procedures (a total of 879 procedures) and 54 patients who received ET (a total of 156 procedures) for VA obstruction (endovascular group; group 1). The 533 patients who underwent surgical procedures were further divided into two groups: the surgical balloon-angioplasty group (the thrombus was surgically removed and the stenotic lesions were dilated by balloon angioplasty; 189 procedures; group 2) and the surgical repair group (the stenotic lesions were bypassed with additional graft diversion or creation of a new access; 690 procedures; group 3). The three groups were evaluated for VA patency.

Results

Using the Kaplan-Meier method, the 2–yr patency for groups 1, 2, and 3 were 11.1%, 11.5%, and 34.0% (p<0.0001). The 2–yr patency rates in patients in whom arteriovenous grafts were used were 5.9% (group 1), 9.2% (group 2), and 22.8% (group 3) (p<0.0001), whereas in patients with arteriovenous fisutulae they were 33.7% (group 1), 35.7% (group 2), and 59.8% (group 3) (p=0.0005).

Conclusions

A surgical approach may cause difficulty in creating a new VA, because useful access vessels are limited. Our results indicate surgical balloon-angioplasty and ET provide the same patency. ET is less invasive and can be repeated, which makes it beneficial for the patients. We concluded ET could be considered as the first-line treatment for thrombotic complications.
Augmented Balloon-assisted Maturation (aBAM) for Nonmaturing Dialysis Arteriovenous Fistula
Authors: Samett Evan J. , Hastie Joshua , Chopra Paramjit “Romi” , Pradhan Sujit , Ahmad Iftikhar , Chiramel Terence , Joseph Reginald
Published: November 2010

Purpose

The surgically placed dialysis arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is considered by the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) and the Fistula First Breakthrough Initiative to be the ideal choice for hemodialysis access. A significant number of newly placed AVFs either slowly or never adequately mature sufficiently to provide for adequate dialysis. The balloon-assisted maturation (BAM) procedure utilizes serial angioplasty to promote and accelerate AVF maturation. We present a minimally invasive AVF maturation technique utilizing angioplasty, stent-graft, and coil embolization.

Methods

A 41–year-old white woman presented with an nonmaturing AVF with multiple venous outflow channels. An adequately functioning AVF was achieved after 2 treatments including coil embolization, angioplasty, and stent-graft placement.

Results

Adequate thrill and dialysis flow was achieved. Patient has done well during short-term follow-up without further intervention.

Conclusions

BAM techniques can be an effective tool to help a dialysis patient achieve an adequately mature AVF. Additional vascular interventional techniques may be utilized to further improve clinical results. For the purpose of this report we call this technique “augmented balloon-assisted maturation,” or aBAM.
Use of Early Scanning in Fistula Formation for Vascular Access
Authors: Hindle Paul , Ritchie James , Griffiths Gareth , Howd Alison
Published: November 2010

Purpose

To determine the feasibility and role of early scanning in the assessment of arteriovenous fistulae fashioned for vascular access.

Methods

Retrospective case note analysis of 98 patients who underwent early scanning (between 7 and 28 days) of their fistula as well as routine scanning at 6 weeks over a 2–year period.

Results

The median time was 16 days to the first scan and 51 days to the second scan. Only 1 fistula was unable to be assessed at the first scan. There were 73 normal first scans, 11 of these had an abnormal second scan showing 4 occlusions, 4 stenoses, and 3 with low flow. There were 25 abnormal first scans. Five were occluded with a mean time to scan of 16.7 days. Eleven of the 25 had a narrow vein. By the second scan, 6 had matured, 3 had occluded, and 2 had failed to mature. Nine of the 25 had low flow, elevated velocities, or a stenosis. By the second scan, 2 had matured, 4 had occluded, and 3 had failed to mature.

Conclusions

Our results show that early scanning in the surveillance of arteriovenous fistula formation for vascular access is both feasible and reveals a significant number of abnormalities. Early scanning does not remove the need for the routine 6–week scan.
US Public Health Preparedness and Response to Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Viruses
Authors: Kojima Noah , Blumberg Amelia , Radcliffe Rachel , Flannery Brendan , Uyeki Timothy M.
Published: May 2024

US public health preparedness and response to highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses are assessed in this survey study conducted by the CDC.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in COVID-19 Mortality
Authors: Sumibcay Jake Ryann C. , Kunichoff Dennis , Bassett Mary T.
Published: May 2024

This cross-sectional study examines racial and ethnic differences in COVID-19 mortality in the United States across 4 case surges between February 2020 and September 2023.
CSF amino acid profiles in ICV‐streptozotocin‐induced sporadic Alzheimer's disease in male Wistar rat: a metabolomics and systems biology perspective
Authors: Barzegar Behrooz Amir , Latifi‐Navid Hamid , Lotfi Jabar , Khodagholi Fariba , Shojaei Shahla , Ghavami Saeid , Fahanik Babaei Javad
Published: May 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an increasingly important public health concern due to the increasing proportion of older individuals within the general population. The impairment of processes responsible for adequate brain energy supply primarily determines the early features of the aging process. Restricting brain energy supply results in brain hypometabolism prior to clinical symptoms and is anatomically and functionally associated with cognitive impairment. The present study investigated changes in metabolic profiles induced by intracerebroventricular‐streptozotocin (ICV‐STZ) in an AD‐like animal model. To this end, male Wistar rats received a single injection of STZ (3 mg·kg−1) by ICV (2.5 μL into each ventricle for 5 min on each side). In the second week after receiving ICV‐STZ, rats were tested for cognitive performance using the Morris Water Maze test and subsequently prepared for positron emission tomography (PET) to confirm AD‐like symptoms. Tandem Mass Spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis was used to detect amino acid changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CFS) samples. Our metabolomics study revealed a reduction in the concentrations of various amino acids (alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophane, tyrosine, and valine) in CSF of ICV‐STZ‐treated animals as compared to controls rats. The results of the current study indicate amino acid levels could potentially be considered targets of nutritional and/or pharmacological interventions to interfere with AD progression.
The link between anger and reactive aggression: Insights into anger rumination
Authors: Wen Jie , Wang Guofang , Miao Miao
Published: May 2024

This study examined the mediating role of anger rumination in the relationship between anger and reactive aggression and the potential of adaptive anger rumination in reducing reactive aggression. Study 1, a two‐wave longitudinal survey of 177 Chinese adolescents, showed that anger rumination mediated the relationship between anger and reactive aggression. Study 2, an experimental study with 160 university students, showed that the self‐distanced group had lower aggression than the self‐immersed group, and anger rumination mediated the impact of anger on reactive aggression in only the self‐immersed group. These findings clarify the role of anger rumination concerning the relationship between anger and reactive‐aggression and highlight the importance of self‐distanced anger rumination in preventing reactive aggression among adolescents and young adults.
Water‐Based Polyurethane Heating Film with Double‐Layer Conductive Network for a Rapid Electrothermal Response
Authors: Shen Yuanli , Xiang Yu , Kuzhandaivel Dhandapani , Wang Luyao , Weng Zixiang , Zheng Longhui , Wang Jianlei , Zhang Qia , Wu Lixin
Published: May 2024

Carbon‐based composite materials have garnered widespread attention in the field of personal thermal management (PTM). In these applications, constructing conductive fillers with a highly cross‐linked network is key to achieving the rapid electrothermal conversion of materials. Herein, a novel carbon‐based composite material is successfully developed using screen printing technology, with a waterborne polyurethane (WPU) matrix embedded with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and calcein‐modified graphene nanosheets (CAG). Due to the strong π–π conjugation interactions present in the highly cross‐linked carbon‐based network, the resulting CAG‐CNTs/WPU composite forms a 3D conductive network, which not only demonstrates a significant synergistic effect but also facilitates efficient transport of electrons and phonons. Experimental results show that the CAG‐CNTs/WPU composite possesses excellent electrothermal conversion properties and an upper high thermal conductivity (3.10 W m−1 K−1). At a low voltage of 5 V, the composite exhibits a rapid response, increasing to 50 °C in 20 s. This research not only highlights the importance of adopting environmentally friendly preparation methods but also emphasizes the synergistic role played by 2D graphene nanosheets and 1D CNTs in building an efficient 3D electrothermal network, which has significant scientific and application value in advancing PTM applications.
Ultrafast and Quantitative FRET Sensitization of Singlet Fission in Solution‐Processable Para‐Azaquinodimethane Films
Authors: Alebardi Martina , Munzone Cristina , Sorbelli Enrico , Grasso Alessandro , Mencaroni Letizia , Elisei Fausto , Fortuna Cosimo Gianluca , Spalletti Anna , Bonaccorso Carmela , Carlotti Benedetta
Published: May 2024

In this work, a green protocol for the synthesis of new para‐Azaquinodimethane (pAQM) small molecules, functionalized with anisole (An) or bithiophene (TT) moieties on the central unit and with different alkoxy groups as lateral substituents is developed and reported. The alkoxy lateral substituents are found to strongly impact the solubility and processability of the chromophores. On the other hand, the steady–state and time‐resolved spectroscopic results show completely different spectral and photophysical features for the An‐ and TT‐ derivatives. Only for the TT‐compounds, the nanosecond and femtosecond transient absorption experiments reveal low efficiency of triplet production in solution as well as ultrafast (≈1 ps) and efficient (≈200%) singlet fission (SF) in thin film. The yellow An‐containing molecules are instead used to sensitize the purple SF‐active TT‐compounds via quantitative FRET in mixed thin films, which interestingly exhibit panchromatic absorption extending in the entire visible spectral range. With this study, the synergy between FRET and SF is exploited at the intermolecular level in the solid‐state for the first time by considering unconventional and stable SF chromophores, opening intriguing new possibilities for solar energy harvesting.
Unraveling the Influence of Shell Thickness in Organic Functionalized Cu2O Nanoparticles on C2+ Products Distribution in Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Hu Jiajun , Osella Silvio , Albero Josep , García Hermenegildo
Published: May 2024

Cu‐based electrocatalysts exhibit enormous potential for electrochemical CO2 conversion to added‐value products. However, high selectivity, specially toward C2+ products, remains a critical challenge for its implementation in commercial applications. Herein, the study reports the preparation of a series of electrocatalysts based on octadecyl amine (ODA) coated Cu2O nanoparticles (NPs). HRTEM images show ODA coatings with thickness from 1.2 to 4 nm. DFT calculations predict that at low surface coverage, ODA tends to lay on the Cu2O surface, leaving hydrophilic regions. Oppositely, at high surface coverage, the ODA molecules are densely packed, being detrimental for both mass and charge transfer. These changes in ODA molecular arrangement explain differences in product selectivity. In situ Raman spectroscopy has revealed that the optimum ODA thickness contributes to the stabilization of key intermediates in the formation of C2+ products, especially ethanol. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and pulse voltammetry measurements confirm that the thicker ODA shells increase charge transfer resistance, while the lowest ODA content promotes faster intermediate desorption rates. At the optimum thickness, the intermediates desorption rates are the slowest, in agreement with the maximum concentration of intermediates observed by in situ Raman spectroscopy, thereby resulting in a Faradaic efficiency to ethanol and ethylene over 73%.
General Modification Strategy on Amorphous Materials to Boost Catalytic Performance
Authors: Jia Binbin , Liu Gui , Zhang Baohong , Zheng Jinlong , Yin Kexin , Lin Jie , Han Chunqiu , Fan Xiaoyu , Xu Mingyuan , Ye Liqun
Published: May 2024

Amorphous materials with a high number of unsaturated coordinated dangling bonds exhibits macroscopic homogeneity and isotropy, making it easily modifiable to improve the catalytic properties. At present, several feasible modification strategies for amorphous materials have been proposed and applied to multiple catalytic fields. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent research advancements in the modification of amorphous materials for catalysis. First, the general strategies for modifying amorphous materials are summarized. Subsequently, the potential applications of modified amorphous materials in electrocatalysis and photocatalysis are highlighted. Additionally, the positive effects of various modification tools on the catalytic properties of amorphous materials are elucidated. Finally, a summary of the challenges and offer a critical perspective on the further development of modified amorphous materials are presented. The primary goal of this review is to offer a systematic understanding of how to enhance catalytic performance and to stimulate further research on amorphous catalysts in the future.
Hydrogen Attenuates Cognitive Impairment in Rat Models of Vascular Dementia by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation
Authors: Yang Congwen , He Yuxuan , Ren Shuang , Ding Yiqin , Liu Xinru , Li Xue , Sun Hao , Jiao Dezhi , Zhang Haolin , Wang Yingshuai , Sun Lin
Published: May 2024

Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common form of dementia worldwide. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are important factors contributing to cognitive dysfunction in patients with VaD. The antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties of hydrogen are increasingly being utilized in neurological disorders, but conventional hydrogen delivery has the disadvantage of inefficiency. Therefore, magnesium silicide nanosheets (MSNs) are used to release hydrogen in vivo in larger quantities and for longer periods of time to explore the appropriate dosage and regimen. In this study, it is observed that hydrogen improved learning and working memory in VaD rats in the Morris water maze and Y‐maze, which elicits improved cognitive function. Nissl staining of neurons shows that hydrogen treatment significantly improves edema in neuronal cells. The expression and activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), Thioredoxin‐interacting protein (TXNIP), NOD‐like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), caspase‐1, and IL‐1β in the hippocampus are measured via ELISA, Western blotting, real‐time qPCR, and immunofluorescence. The results show that oxidative stress indicators and inflammasome‐related factors are significantly decreased after 7dMSN treatment. Therefore, it is concluded that hydrogen can ameliorate neurological damage and cognitive dysfunction in VaD rats by inhibiting ROS/NLRP3/IL‐1β‐related oxidative stress and inflammation.
Research Progress in Hydrogels for Cartilage Organoids
Authors: Li Xiaolong , Sheng Shihao , Li Guangfeng , Hu Yan , Zhou Fengjin , Geng Zhen , Su Jiacan
Published: May 2024

The repair and regeneration of cartilage has always been a hot topic in medical research. Cartilage organoids (CORGs) are special cartilage tissue created using tissue engineering techniques outside the body. These engineered organoids tissues provide models that simulate the complex biological functions of cartilage, opening new possibilities for cartilage regenerative medicine and treatment strategies. However, it is crucial to establish suitable matrix scaffolds for the cultivation of CORGs. In recent years, utilizing hydrogel to culture stem cells and induce their differentiation into chondrocytes has emerged as a promising method for the in vitro construction of CORGs. In this review, the methods for establishing CORGs are summarized and an overview of the advantages and limitations of using matrigel in the cultivation of such organoids is provided. Furthermore, the importance of cartilage tissue ECM and alternative hydrogel substitutes for Matrigel, such as alginate, peptides, silk fibroin, and DNA derivatives is discussed, and the pros and cons of using these hydrogels for the cultivation of CORGs are outlined. Finally, the challenges and future directions in hydrogel research for CORGs are discussed. It is hoped that this article provides valuable references for the design and development of hydrogels for CORGs.
Dual‐Site Biomacromolecule Doped Poly(3, 4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene) for Bosting Both Anticoagulant and Electrochemical Performances
Authors: Wang Xiangya , Niu Jianzhou , Hadi Mohammed Kamal , Guo Dongli , Zhang Yuxia , Yu Meimei , Zhou Qi , Ran Fen
Published: May 2024

Poly(3, 4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) as a new generation of intelligent conductive polymers, is attracting much attention in the field of tissue engineering. However, its water dispersibility, conductivity, and biocompatibility are incompatible, which limit its further development. In this work, biocompatible electrode material of PEDOT doped with sodium sulfonated alginate (SS) which contains two functional groups of sulfonic acid and carboxylic acid per repeat unit of the macromolecule. The as dual‐site doping strategy simultaneously boosts anticoagulant and electrochemical performances, for example, good hydrophilicity (water contact angle of 59.40°), well dispersibility (dispersion solution unstratified in 30 days), high conductivity (4.45 S m−1), and enhanced anticoagulant property (extended activated partial thrombin time value of 59.0 s), forming an adjustable PEDOT: biomacromolecule interface; this fills the technical gap of implantable bioelectronics in terms of coagulation and thrombosis risk. At the same time, the assembled all‐in‐one supercapacitor with anticoagulant properties is prepared by PEDOT: sodium sulfonated alginate as electrode material and sodium alginate hydrogel as electrolyte layer. The dual‐site doping strategy provides a new opinion for the design and optimization of functional conductive polymers and its applications in implantable energy storage fields.
Acoustic Metagrating Holograms
Authors: Zou Hong‐Yu , Ge Yong , Zhao Ke‐Qi , Lu Yu‐Jing , Si Qiao‐Rui , Yuan Shou‐Qi , Chen Hongsheng , Sun Hong‐Xiang , Yang Yihao , Zhang Baile
Published: May 2024

Metasurface holograms represent a common category of metasurface devices that utilize in‐plane phase gradients to shape wavefronts, forming holographic images through the application of the generalized Snell's law (GSL). While conventional metasurfaces focus solely on phase gradients, metagratings, which incorporate higher‐order wave diffraction, further expand the GSL's generality. Recent advances in certain acoustic metagratings demonstrate an updated GSL extension capable of reversing anomalous transmission and reflection, whose reversal is characterized by the parity of the number of wave propagation trips through the metagrating. However, the current extension of GSL remains limited to 1D metagratings, unable to access 2D holographic images in 3D spaces. Here, the GSL extension to 2D metagratings for manipulating waves within 3D spaces is investigated. Through this analysis, a series of acoustic metagrating holograms is experimentally demonstrated. These holographic images exhibit the unique ability to switch between transmission and reflection types independently. This study introduces an additional dimension to modern holography design and metasurface wavefront manipulation.
Thermal Runaway Mechanism in Ni‐Rich Cathode Full Cells of Lithium‐Ion Batteries: The Role of Multidirectional Crosstalk
Authors: Jo Sugeun , Seo Sungjae , Kang Song Kyu , Na Ikcheon , Kunze Sebastian , Song Munsoo , Hwang San , Woo Sung Pil , Kim SoHee , Kim Won Bae , Lim Jongwoo
Published: May 2024

Crosstalk, the exchange of chemical species between battery electrodes, significantly accelerates thermal runaway (TR) of lithium‐ion batteries. To date, the understanding of their main mechanisms has centered on single‐directional crosstalk of oxygen (O2) gas from the cathode to the anode, underestimating the exothermic reactions during TR. However, the role of multidirectional crosstalk in steering additional exothermic reactions is yet to be elucidated due to the difficulties of correlative in situ analyses of full cells. Herein, the way in which such crosstalk triggers self‐amplifying feedback is elucidated that dramatically exacerbates TR within enclosed full cells, by employing synchrotron‐based high‐temperature X‐ray diffraction, mass spectrometry, and calorimetry. These findings reveal that ethylene (C2H4) gas generated at the anode promotes O2 evolution at the cathode. This O2 then returns to the anode, further promoting additional C2H4 formation and creating a self‐amplifying loop, thereby intensifying TR. Furthermore, CO2, traditionally viewed as an extinguishing gas, engages in the crosstalk by interacting with lithium at the anode to form Li2CO3, thereby accelerating TR beyond prior expectations. These insights have led to develop an anode coating that impedes the formation of C2H4 and O2, to effectively mitigate TR.
Multicolor Inks of Black Phosphorus for Midwave‐Infrared Optoelectronics
Authors: Kim Jae Ik , Higashitarumizu Naoki , Wang Shu , Yalisove Reed , Scott Mary C. , Song Seung Yong , Javey Ali
Published: May 2024

Black phosphorus (bP) based ink with a bulk bandgap of 0.33 eV (λ = 3.7 µm) has recently been shown to be promising for large‐area, high performance mid‐wave infrared (MWIR) optoelectronics. However, the development of multicolor bP inks expanding across the MWIR wavelength range has been challenging. Here a multicolor ink process based on bP with spectral emission tuned from 0.28 eV (λ = 4.4 µm) to 0.8 eV (λ = 1.5 µm) is demonstrated. Specifically, through the reduction of bP particle size distribution (i.e., lateral dimension and thickness), the optical bandgap systematically blueshifts, reaching up to 0.8 eV. Conversely, alloying bP with arsenic (bP1−xAsx) induces a redshift in the bandgap to 0.28 eV. The ink processed films are passivated with an infrared‐transparent epoxy for stable infrared emission in ambient air. Utilizing these multicolor bP‐based inks as an infrared light source, a gas sensing system is demonstrated that selectively detects gases, such as CO2 and CH4 whose absorption band varies around 4.3 and 3.3 µm, respectively. The presented ink formulation sets the stage for the advancement of multiplex MWIR optoelectronics, including spectrometers and spectral imaging using a low‐cost material processing platform.
Achieving Exceptional Volumetric Desalination Capacity Using Compact MoS2 Nanolaminates
Authors: Ying Ting , Xiong Yu , Peng Huarong , Yang Ruijie , Mei Liang , Zhang Zhen , Zheng Weikang , Yan Ruixin , Zhang Yue , Hu Honglu , Ma Chen , Chen Ye , Xu Xingtao , Yang Juan , Voiry Damien , Tang Chuyang Y. , Fan Jun , Zeng Zhiyuan
Published: May 2024

Capacitive deionization (CDI) has emerged as a promising technology for freshwater recovery from low‐salinity brackish water. It is still inapplicable in specific scenarios (e.g., households, islands, or offshore platforms) due to too low volumetric adsorption capacities. In this study, a high‐density semi‐metallic molybdenum disulfide (1Tʹ‐MoS2) electrode with compact architecture obtained by restacking of exfoliated nanosheets, which achieve high capacitance up to ≈277.5 F cm−3 under an ultrahigh scan rate of 1000 mV s−1 with a lower charge‐transfer resistance and nearly tenfold higher electrochemical active surface area than the 2H‐MoS2 electrode, is reported. Furthermore, 1Tʹ‐MoS2 electrode demonstrates exceptional volumetric desalination capacity of 65.1 mgNaCl cm−3 in CDI experiments. Ex situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD) reveal that the cation storage mechanism with the dynamic expansion of 1Tʹ‐MoS2 interlayer to accommodate cations such as Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+, which in turn enhances the capacity. Theoretical analysis unveils that 1Tʹ phase is thermodynamically preferable over 2H phase, the ion hydration and channel confinement also play critical role in enhancing ion adsorption. Overall, this work provides a new method to design compact 2D‐layered nanolaminates with high‐volumetric performance for CDI desalination.
Transparent Recombination Layers Design and Rational Characterizations for Efficient Two‐Terminal Perovskite‐Based Tandem Solar Cells
Authors: Lin Yuexin , Yang Wenhan , Gu Hao , Du Fenqi , Liao Jinfeng , Yu Dejian , Xia Junmin , Wang Haibin , Yang Shengchun , Fang Guojia , Liang Chao
Published: May 2024

Two‐terminal (2T) perovskite‐based tandem solar cells (TSCs) arouse burgeoning interest in breaking the Shockley–Queisser (S–Q) limit of single‐junction solar cells by combining two subcells with different bandgaps. However, the highest certified efficiency of 2T perovskite‐based TSCs (33.9%) lags behind the theoretical limit (42–43%). A vital challenge limiting the development of 2T perovskite‐based TSCs is the transparent recombination layers/interconnecting layers (RLs) design between two subcells. To improve the performance of 2T perovskite‐based TSCs, RLs simultaneously fulfill the optical loss, contact resistance, carrier mobility, stress management, and conformal coverage requirements. In this review, the definition, functions, and requirements of RLs in 2T perovskite‐based TSCs are presented. The insightful characterization methods applicable to RLs, which are inspiring for further research on the RLs both in 2T perovskite‐based two‐junction and multi‐junction TSCs, are also highlighted. Finally, the key factors that currently limit the performance enhancement of RLs and the future directions that should be continuously focused on are summarized.
Integration of Multicomplex‐Based Pharmacophore Modeling and Molecular Docking in Machine Learning‐Based Virtual Screening: Toward the Discovery of Novel PI3K Inhibitors
Authors: Qiu Shuo , Jia Lei , Yuan Shiru , Cai Yanfei , Chen Yun , Jin Jian , Xu Lei , Yu Li , Zhu Jingyu
Published: May 2024

The phosphatidylinositol‐3 kinase (PI3K) pathway is a crucial intracellular signaling pathway within living cells. The hyperactivation of PI3K signaling cascades is a common occurrence in human cancers, rendering PI3K a promising therapeutic target. Although several PI3K inhibitors are already available on the market, the adverse side effects of current therapies continue to highlight the necessity for the development of novel PI3K inhibitors. In this study, a virtual screening strategy employing naïve Bayesian classification (NBC) models, based on multicomplex‐based molecular docking and pharmacophore modeling, is developed. First, the docking accuracy and scoring reliability of four docking software are assessed, and Glide demonstrated higher predictability for PI3K inhibitors. Second, pharmacophore models are generated based on the current reported PI3K‐inhibitor interactions, and five pharmacophore hypotheses displayed significant capability in discriminating active PI3K molecules from inactive ones. Subsequently, three NBC models are constructed based on molecular docking and/or pharmacophore models, and the validation results showed that the NBC model, combining multicomplex‐based molecular docking and pharmacophore, significantly improved the hit rate of virtual screening against PI3K. Finally, the optimal NBC model is employed for virtual screening against the ChEMBL database, leading to the identification of multiple molecules with high potential as active PI3K inhibitors.
Metabolic Recoding of NSUN2‐Mediated m5C Modification Promotes the Progression of Colorectal Cancer via the NSUN2/YBX1/m5C‐ENO1 Positive Feedback Loop
Authors: Chen Baoxiang , Deng Yanrong , Hong Yuntian , Fan Lifang , Zhai Xiang , Hu Heng , Yin Siyuan , Chen Quanjiao , Xie Xiaoyu , Ren Xianghai , Zhao Jianhong , Jiang Congqing
Published: May 2024

The RNA modification, 5‐methylcytosine (m5C), has recently gained prominence as a pivotal post‐transcriptional regulator of gene expression, intricately intertwined with various tumorigenic processes. However, the exact mechanisms governing m5C modifications during the onset and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear. Here, it is determined that the m5C methyltransferase NSUN2 exhibits significantly elevated expression and exerts an oncogenic function in CRC. Mechanistically, NSUN2 and YBX1 are identified as the “writer” and “reader” of ENO1, culminating in the reprogramming of the glucose metabolism and increased production of lactic acid in an m5C‐dependent manner. The accumulation of lactic acid derived from CRC cells, in turn, activates the transcription of NSUN2 through histone H3K18 lactylation (H3K18la), and induces the lactylation of NSUN2 at the Lys356 residue (K356), which is crucial for capturing target RNAs. Together, these findings reveal an intriguing positive feedback loop involving the NSUN2/YBX1/m5C‐ENO1 signaling axis, thereby bridging the connection between metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic remodeling, which may shed light on the therapeutic potential of combining an NSUN2 inhibitor with immunotherapy for CRC.
Revealing the Role of Polyacrylonitrile for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells at Extremely Low Temperatures
Authors: Yang Zhiting , Wu Yukun , Yang Na , Yang Rui , Hao Yuying
Published: May 2024

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are considered to be a promising candidate for near‐space applications due to their high specific power, excellent radiation resistance, and compatibility with flexible substrates. Nevertheless, the low‐temperature cycles impose considerable challenges to their long‐term stability. Herein, the extremely low‐temperature photovoltaic process of PSCs is investigated and the effect mechanisms of PAN (Polyacrylonitrile) as an additive are revealed. It is found that the additive PAN regulates perovskite lattice stress and stabilizes perovskite lattice structure and thus retards perovskite phase transition at low temperatures. Moreover, the PAN improves perovskite dielectric properties and ion migration activation energy and effectively passivates perovskite defects at low temperatures. Therefore, the carrier transport/extraction/collection abilities at low temperatures are enhanced effectively by alleviating exciton effect and increasing dielectric screening effect. Benefiting from these positive effects of PAN, the PAN‐modified device achieves a maximum efficiency of 24.34% at 150K and maintains 72% of its initial value after 120 thermal cycles (290‐130K). Also, the PAN‐modified flexible devices exhibit excellent bending stability and thermal cycle stability. This study provides a deep insight into understanding the extremely low‐temperature photovoltaic behavior of PSCs and demonstrates the potentiality of PAN additive strategy for achieving efficient and stable PSCs at low temperatures.
County‐level industrial composition of the labor force and drug overdose mortality rates in the United States in 2018–2021
Authors: Oh Sehun , Cano Manuel , Kim Yeonwoo
Published: May 2024

Background

Drug mortality risks vary among industries, creating distinctive geographic patterns across US counties. However, less is known about how local labor market structure relates to drug overdose mortality amid the synthetic opioid era in the United States. This study investigates the relationship between industry‐specific job composition and drug overdose mortality at the county level while exploring how fentanyl's presence in illicit drug supplies may moderate the relationship.

Methods

Data were derived from the National Center for Health Statistics' Multiple Cause of Death files for the rates of drug overdose mortality of any intent, linked with four other sources on industry‐specific job shares, drug supply, and county‐level sociodemographic characteristics and opioid prescribing rates from the US Census Bureau, the CDC, and the Drug Enforcement Administration. Negative binomial regression models were employed to examine associations between county industry‐specific job composition and drug overdose mortality, with tests for moderating effects of state‐level fentanyl seizure rates.

Results

Our models indicate negative associations between job shares of manufacturing, retail trade, and educational services industries and drug overdose mortality. Positive associations were found for arts/entertainment/recreation and public administration. State‐level fentanyl seizure rates had moderating effects on administrative/support/waste management/remediation (A/S/WM/R) and educational services.

Conclusion

Counties with a higher concentration of arts/entertainment/recreation and public administration jobs need targeted efforts to mitigate drug‐related overdose risks. Additionally, areas with higher concentrations of A/S/WM/R service jobs, particularly where fentanyl seizure rates are higher, may require proactive harm reduction strategies for reducing overdose risks.
Workplace health culture and trust in the occupational health office: A descriptive study of meatpacking workers
Authors: Rowland Sheri , Ahmed Rishad , Roman Maria Jose Sanchez , Ramos Athena K.
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Worker trust in employer‐provided occupational health services has not been explored in essential industries, such as meatpacking. The purpose of this study was to describe workplace health culture and trust in the occupational health office and highlight meatpacking workers' experiences with the occupational health office.

Methods

Meatpacking workers were surveyed between February 2021 and October 2022. Descriptive statistics and nonparametric tests were used to explore trust across demographic variables, including workplace health culture. Thematic analysis was used to examine the short‐answer qualitative data.

Results

Among workers who completed surveys (n = 731), health culture was rated low (M = 1.3 (0.73); possible range 0‐3). Trust in the occupational health office was also rated low (M = 8.2 (5.06); possible range 0–20). Workers' descriptions of interactions with the occupational health office were mostly unfavorable (287 negative opinion units; 97 positive opinion units) and primarily focused on quality of care, communication, the supervisor as gatekeeper to health services, and the prioritization of company interests.

Conclusion

Meatpacking worker health may be improved by building worker trust in the occupational health office. Suggested strategies include enhanced communication, protection of confidentiality, prioritization of worker well‐being, and promotion of a stronger health culture in plants and throughout the industry. Supporting workers without a regular healthcare provider to establish a relationship with a primary care provider of their choice is also recommended.
Are Australian students' academic skills declining? Interrogating 25 years of national and international standardised assessment data
Authors: Larsen Sally A.
Published: May 2024

Standardised tests of academic basic skills are an established feature of contemporary Australian schooling. Assessment results are widely reported and directly influence educational policymaking. Furthermore, Australian national educational priorities are linked to educational system accountability via the results of standardised tests. Given the influence and importance of assessment data, this paper aimed to collate publicly available data from four assessment programmes undertaken by Australian students, and document long‐term trends in average achievement across all available assessments. Results are reported from three international assessments, the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study, the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study and the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), along with the only Australian assessment, the National Assessment Program: Literacy and Numeracy. Of these four, only PISA demonstrated systematic declines in average scores over time. For the remaining three programmes, results in the primary school years showed initial improvements that were subsequently maintained over remaining iterations of the tests. In secondary school, students' average results neither declined nor increased appreciably over time. The consensus of the four largest assessment programmes undertaken by Australian students since 1995 thus fails to support the prevailing narrative of a broadscale decline in academic skills attainment.
Comparative studies between humans and golden Syrian hamsters via thromboelastography
Authors: Yang Ze , Xie Lili , Ba Jingjing , Zan Simin , Zhang Letong , Zhang Xinyi , Yu Yang
Published: May 2024

Background

Thromboelastography (TEG) is a widely utilized clinical testing method for real‐time monitoring of platelet function and the thrombosis process. Lipid metabolism disorders are crucial risk factors for thrombosis. The lipid metabolism characteristics of hamsters resemble those of humans more closely than mice and rats, and their relatively large blood volume makes them suitable for studying the mechanisms of thrombosis related to plasma lipid mechanisms. Whole blood samples from golden Syrian hamsters and healthy humans were obtained following standard clinical procedures. TEG was employed to evaluate coagulation factor function, fibrinogen (Fib) function, platelet function, and the fibrinolytic system.

Methods

The whole blood from hamster or healthy human was isolated following the clinical procedure, and TEG was employed to evaluate the coagulation factor function, Fib function, platelet function, and fibrinolytic system. Coagulation analysis used ACLTOP750 automatic coagulation analysis pipeline. Blood routine testing used XN‐2000 automatic blood analyzer.

Results

TEG parameters revealed that hamsters exhibited stronger coagulation factor function than humans (reaction time [R], p = 0.0117), with stronger Fib function (alpha angle, p < 0.0001; K‐time [K], p < 0.0001). Platelet function did not differ significantly (maximum amplitude [MA], p = 0.077). Hamsters displayed higher coagulation status than humans (coagulation index [CI], p = 0.0023), and the rate of blood clot dissolution in hamsters differed from that in humans (percentage lysis 30 min after MA, p = 0.02). Coagulation analysis parameters indicated that prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were faster in hamsters than in humans (PT, p = 0.0014; APTT, p = 0.03), whereas the Fib content was significantly lower in hamsters than in humans (p < 0.0001). No significant difference was observed in thrombin time (p = 0.1949).

Conclusions

In summary, TEG could be used to evaluate thrombosis and bleeding parameters in whole blood samples from hamsters. The platelet function of hamsters closely resembled that of humans, whereas their coagulation function was significantly stronger.
In Vivo Assessment of Astrocyte Reactivity in Patients with Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
Authors: Hirata Kosei , Matsuoka Kiwamu , Tagai Kenji , Endo Hironobu , Tatebe Harutsugu , Ono Maiko , Kokubo Naomi , Kataoka Yuko , Oyama Asaka , Shinotoh Hitoshi , Takahata Keisuke , Obata Takayuki , Dehghani Masoumeh , Near Jamie , Kawamura Kazunori , Zhang Ming‐Rong , Shimada Hitoshi , Shimizu Hiroshi , Kakita Akiyoshi , Yokota Takanori , Tokuda Takahiko , Higuchi Makoto , Takado Yuhei
Published: May 2024

Objective

Although astrocytic pathology is a pathological hallmark of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), its pathophysiological role remains unclear. This study aimed to assess astrocyte reactivity in vivo in patients with PSP. Furthermore, we investigated alterations in brain lactate levels and their relationship with astrocyte reactivity.

Methods

We included 30 patients with PSP‐Richardson syndrome and 30 healthy controls; in patients, tau deposition was confirmed through 18F‐florzolotau positron emission tomography. Myo‐inositol, an astroglial marker, and lactate were quantified in the anterior cingulate cortex through magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We measured plasma biomarkers, including glial fibrillary acidic protein as another astrocytic marker. The anterior cingulate cortex was histologically assessed in postmortem samples of another 3 patients with PSP with comparable disease durations.

Results

The levels of myo‐inositol and plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein were significantly higher in patients than those in healthy controls (p < 0.05); these increases were significantly associated with PSP rating scale and cognitive function scores (p < 0.05). The lactate level was high in patients, and correlated significantly with high myo‐inositol levels. Histological analysis of the anterior cingulate cortex in patients revealed reactive astrocytes, despite mild tau deposition, and no marked synaptic loss.

Interpretation

We discovered high levels of astrocyte biomarkers in patients with PSP, suggesting astrocyte reactivity. The association between myo‐inositol and lactate levels suggests a link between reactive astrocytes and brain energy metabolism changes. Our results indicate that astrocyte reactivity in the anterior cingulate cortex precedes pronounced tau pathology and neurodegenerative processes in that region, and affects brain function in PSP. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:247–261
New Lead‐free Hybrid Layered Double Perovskite Halides: Synthesis, Structural Transition and Ultralow Thermal Conductivity
Authors: Mandal Arnab , Goswami Sayan , Das Subarna , Swain Diptikanta , Biswas Kanishka
Published: May 2024

Hybrid layered double perovskites (HLDPs), representing the two‐dimensional manifestation of halide double perovskites, have elicited considerable interest owing to their intricate chemical bonding hierarchy and structural diversity. This intensified interest stems from the diverse options available for selecting alternating octahedral coordinated trivalent [M(III)] and monovalent metal centers [M(I)], along with the distinctive nature of the cationic organic amine located between the layers. Here, we have synthesized three new compounds with general formula (R′/R′′)4/2M(III)M(I)Cl8; where R′=C3H7NH3 (i.e. 3N) and R′′=NH3C4H8NH3 (i.e. 4N4); M(III)=In3+ or Ru3+; M(I)=Cu+ by simple solution‐based acid precipitation method. The structural analysis reveals that (4N4)2CuInCl8 and (4N4)2CuRuCl8 adopt the layered Dion Jacobson (DJ) structure, whereas (3N)4CuInCl8 exhibits layered Ruddlesden Popper (RP) structure. The alternative octahedra within the inorganic layer display distortions and tilting. Three compounds show temperature‐dependent structural phase transitions where changes in the staking of inorganic layer, extent of octahedral tilting and reorientation of organic spacers with temperature have been noticed. We have achieved ultralow lattice thermal conductivity (κL) in the HLDPs in the 2 to 300 K range, marking a distinctive feature within the realm of HLDP systems. The RP‐HLDP compound, (3N)4CuInCl8, demonstrates anisotropy in κL while measured parallel and perpendicular to layer stacking, showcasing ultralow κL of 0.15 Wm−1K−1 at room temperature, which is one of the lowest values obtained among Pb‐free metal halide perovskite. The observed ultralow κL in three new HLDPs is attributed to significant lattice anharmonicity arising from the chemical bonding heterogeneity and soft crystal structure, which resulted in low‐energy localized optical phonon modes that suppress heat‐carrying acoustic phonons.
A Strained Donor‐Acceptor Carbon Nanohoop: Synthesis, Photophysical and Charge Transport Properties
Authors: Fang Pengwei , Cheng Zaitian , Peng Wei , Xu Jixian , Zhang Xinyu , Zhang Fapei , Zhuang Guilin , Du Pingwu
Published: May 2024

Herein, we report the synthesis of a novel intramolecular donor‐acceptor (D−A) system ([12]CPP‐8TPAOMe) based on cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) grafted with eight di(4‐methoxyphenyl)amino groups (TPAOMe) as donors. Compared to [12]CPP, D−A nanohoop exhibited significant changes in physical properties, including a large redshift (>78 nm) in the fluorescence spectrum and novel positive solvatofluorochromic properties with a maximum peak ranging from 484 nm to 546 nm. The potential applications of [12]CPP‐8TPAOMe in electron‐ and hole‐transport devices were further investigated, and its bipolar behavior as a charge transport active layer was clearly observed.