bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of buckwheat and paulownia (Paulownia elongata x P. fortunei) intercropping on beekeeping value and buckwheat yield
Authors: Chorbiński Paweł , Liszewski Marek , Bąbalewski Przemysław , Jama-Rodzeńska Anna
Published: April 2024

Increasing crop diversity is a way for agriculture to transition towards a more sustainable and biodiversity-friendly system. Growing buckwheat intercropped with paulownia can contribute not only to mitigating climate change but can also enrich the environment with species of agricultural importance, without causing a decline in pollinators, since buckwheat is pollinated mainly by the honeybee. Buckwheat is a significant forage crop in some areas. In a field experiment comparing growing buckwheat with paulownia against a monoculture crop, we investigated differences in flower visitation and beekeeping value, as well as the associated impact on crop yields. We analysed the effect of intercropping on the beekeeping value of buckwheat in terms of bee population size and the sugar mass in buckwheat flowers, nectar mass in buckwheat flowers, the quality of the delivered raw sugar and biometric characteristics. We found significant differences in the number of branches on the main shoot and the total number of branches. Significantly higher parameters were obtained in sites with buckwheat monoculture. We recorded more flowers per plant per observation day and more flowers in million flowers per hectare per observation day in the intercropping of buckwheat with paulownia. Based on our experiment, we concluded that growing buckwheat in monoculture significantly increased the number of flowers, resulting in an increase in pollinator density and an increased number of pollinators per unit area.
Estimating Thresholds of Natural Vegetation for the Protection of Water Quality in South African Catchments
Authors: Locke Kent Anson , Winter Kevin
Published: April 2024

Many of South Africa’s current water quality problems have been attributed to diffuse pollution derived from poorly regulated land use/land cover (LULC) transformations. To mitigate these impacts, the preservation of an adequate amount of natural vegetation within catchment areas is an important management strategy. However, it is not clear how much natural vegetation cover is required to provide adequate levels of protection, nor at which scale(s) this strategy would be most effective. To investigate the possibility of estimating minimum thresholds of natural vegetation required to protect water resources, regression analysis was used to model relationships between water quality (measured using Nemerow’s Pollution Index) and metrics of natural vegetation at multiple scales across a sample of sub-catchments located along the western, southern, and south-eastern coast of South Africa. With conspicuous outliers removed, the models were able to explain up to 82% of the variability in the relationship between land use and water quality. Moreover, a statistically significant, nonlinear, and inverse relationship was found between proportions of natural vegetation cover and pollution levels. This relationship was strongest when measured (1) across the whole catchment and (2) within a 200 m riparian buffer zone. The models further indicated that approximately 80 to 90% natural vegetation cover was necessary at these scales to maintain water quality at ecologically acceptable levels. Additional nonlinear thresholds estimated using breakpoint analysis suggested that if proportions of natural vegetation fall below 45% (across the whole catchment) and 60% (within a 200 m riparian buffer zone) a dramatic increase in pollution levels can be expected. The estimated thresholds are recommended as guidelines that can be used to inform integrated land and water resources management strategies aimed at protecting water quality in the study area. Likewise, the methods described are recommended for the estimation of similar thresholds in other regions.
Risk factors for early mortality in Acinetobacter baumannii bacteremia and the effect of the bacterial virulence
Authors: Ham Sin Young , Chun June Young , Song Kyoung-Ho , Kang Chang Kyung , Park Jeong Su , Jo Hee Bum , Ryu Choong-Min , Choi Yunsang , Choi Seong Jin , Lee Eunyoung , Choe Pyoeng Gyun , Moon Song Mi , Park Wan Beom , Bang Jihwan , Park Sang-Won , Park Kyoung Un , Kim Nam Joong , Oh Myoung-don , Kim Eu Suk , Kim Hong Bin
Published: April 2024

Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) has emerged as a major pathogen in vulnerable and severely ill patients. It remains unclear whether early mortality (EM) due to AB bacteremia is because of worse clinical characteristics of the infected patients or the virulence of the pathogen. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of AB virulence on EM due to bacteremia. This retrospective study included 138 patients with AB bacteremia (age: ≥18 years) who were admitted to a tertiary care teaching hospital in South Korea between 2015 and 2019. EM was defined as death occurring within 7 days of bacteremia onset. The AB clinical isolates obtained from the patients’ blood cultures were injected into 15 Galleria mellonella larvae each, which were incubated for 5 days. Clinical isolates were classified into high- and low-virulence groups based on the number of dead larvae. Patients’ clinical data were combined and subjected to multivariate Cox regression analyses to identify the risk factors for EM. In total, 48/138 (34.8%) patients died within 7 days of bacteremia onset. The Pitt bacteremia score was the only risk factor associated with EM. In conclusion, AB virulence had no independent effect on EM in patients with AB bacteremia.
Relationships between population size and fitness in four common and four rare alpine plant species
Authors: Inniger Hannah , Prati Daniel , Fischer Markus
Published: April 2024

Due to habitat fragmentation and climate change, many plant populations become smaller and more isolated and thus more prone to local extinction. Whereas it is well established for lowland species that plants of small populations have lower individual fitness, alpine species have not been sufficiently studied in this respect. It is also not clear whether relationships between population size and fitness vary between naturally rare and common species. We assessed how population size and rarity affect seed set, seed mass, seed number, total seed mass per fruit, germination, time to germination, offspring survival and offspring size in four congeneric alpine plant species pairs (Androsace chamaejasme Wulfen, A. puberula Jord. & Fourr., Primulaceae; Gentiana acaulis L., G. alpina Vill., Gentianaceae; Potentilla crantzii (Crantz) Fritsch, P. nivea L., Rosaceae; Viola calcarata L., V. lutea Huds., Violaceae). Across all eight species, plants from smaller populations produced fewer seeds and had lower total seed mass per fruit than plants from larger populations. This demonstrates that population size also affects fitness in alpine species. Rare species did not have lower individual fitness than common species. Therefore, naturally rare species might be well adapted to their environment. Relationships between population size and fitness were equally pronounced in rare and common species. We conclude that plant fitness is reduced in small populations in alpine species, also in common species.
Association of cognitive impairment with postoperative mortality risk in patients with geriatric hip fractures.
Authors: Jianrong Qian
Published: April 2024

Objective To evaluate the association between cognitive impairment and postoperative mortality risk in patients with geriatric hip fractures.
Methods From Jan 2018 to Dec 2019, 109 older patients with hip fractures were retrospectively enrolled from the Department of Orthopedics of Beijing Fengtai Hospital. Based on their cognitive function, all patients were categorized into cognitive impairment and normal groups. Postoperative mortality risk was regarded as the primary outcome. Multivariate Cox regression analysis and survival curves were generated to explore the effect of cognitive impairment. The results A total of 103 patients were followed up with a mean follow-up time of 33 months. Twenty-seven patients (22 females, mean age 84.59 ± 6.68 years) were in the cognitive impairment group, while 76 patients (51 females, mean age 79.89 ± 7.83 years) were in the normal group. The cognitive impairment group had a significantly greater mortality rate than the normal group did (21 (77.8%) vs. 24 (31.6%), P<0.001). A significant association between cognitive impairment and mortality risk still remained even after adjustments for potential covariates (HR 2.5, 95% CI 1.28~4.88, P=0.007).
Conclusion Cognitive impairment was significantly associated with postoperative mortality risk in patients with geriatric hip fractures. Cognitive impairment may be an independent risk factor for death after hip fracture.
Development of Quality Indicators for Hypertension Management at the Primary Health Care Level in South Africa
Authors: Rampamba Enos , Meyer Johanna , Godman Brian , Ndwamato Ntodeni , Campbell Stephen
Published: April 2024

Despite many quality initiatives at the primary health care (PHC) level, little is known about the actual quality of care of patients diagnosed with hypertension in South Africa. The aim of this study was to develop quality indicators for hypertension management at the PHC level to improve the quality of care and patient outcomes. A 2-round RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method was used to develop clear, appropriate, and feasible evidence-based quality indicators for hypertension. In round one, a 9-point scale was used by an 11-member panel to rate clarity and appropriateness of 102 hypertension quality indicator statements grouped under 9 dimensions of quality hypertension management, using an online MS Excel® spreadsheet. In round two, 9 of the same panellists discussed all indicators and rated their appropriateness and feasibility during a remote online, interactive face-to-face MS Teams® meeting. Statements rated ≥7-9 with agreement were defined as either appropriate or feasible. The panel rated 46 hypertension quality indicator statements ≥7-9 with agreement for the appropriate andfeasible measurement of the management of hypertension: monitoring (n=16), review (n=5), lifestyle advice (n=9), tests (n=7), intermediate outcomes (n=6), referrals (n=2) and practice/facility structures (n=1). No indicator statements were rated both appropriate and feasible for measuring blood pressure levels and treatment. If applied, these indicators would improve monitoring and management of patients with hypertension, patient outcomes, data quality and result in a more efficient use of scarce resources. This study can be replicable for improving care of other non-communicable diseases in South Africa and Africa.
Fully human single-domain antibody targeting a highly conserved cryptic epitope on the Nipah virus G protein
Authors: Ying Tianlei , Wang Yulu , Sun Yifang , Shen Zhaoling , Wang Cong , Qian Jun , Mao Qiyu , Wang Yajie , Song Wenping , Kong Yu , Zhan Changyou , Chen Zhenguo , Dimitrov Dimiter , Yang Zhenlin , Jiang Shibo , Wu Fan , Lu Lu , Sun Lei , Wu Yanling
Published: April 2024

Nipah virus infection, one of the top priority diseases recognized by the World Health Organization, underscores the urgent need to develop effective countermeasures against potential epidemics and pandemics. Here, we identified a fully human single-domain antibody that targets a highly conserved cryptic epitope situated at the dimeric interface of the Nipah virus G protein (receptor binding protein, RBP), as elucidated through structures by high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). This unique binding mode disrupts the tetramerization of the G protein stalk domain, consequently obstructing the activation of the F protein and inhibiting viral membrane fusion. Furthermore, our investigations revealed that this compact antibody displays enhanced permeability across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and demonstrates superior efficacy in eliminating pseudovirus within the brain in a murine model of Nipah virus infection, particularly compared to the well-characterized antibody m102.4 in an IgG1 format. Consequently, this single-domain antibody holds promise as a therapeutic candidate to prevent Nipah virus infections and has potential implications for vaccine development.
Association between folic acid levels and sarcopenia in American adults: evidence from NHANES
Authors: Qiao Qincheng , Xiang Yingyue , Shi YiHan , Wang Lina , Chen Li , Wang Chuan , Hou Xinguo
Published: April 2024

Background
Sarcopenia is associated with several health problems, and people with type 2 diabetes have a significantly increased risk.Nonetheless，it is unclear whether folic acid levels are associated with sarcopenia in individuals with type 2 diabetes.This study aims to investigate the relationship between serum and red blood cell folate levels and muscle mass，and the incidence of sarcopenia in American adults with diabetes，and to assess the mediating role of heavy metal levels.
Methods
This study involved 3，371 adult patients with diabetes，based on data gathered from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES)between 1999 and 2018.Muscle mass was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry(DXA)，and participants were grouped according to serum and red blood cell folate levels.Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were used to assess linear associations between folate levels and sarcopenia，while restricted cubic spline regression was used to assess non-linear associations.The role of heavy metals was assessed using mediation effect analysis.
Results
In diabetic men，higher levels of serum and red blood cell folate were linked to a greater muscle mass index ALMBMI and a lower incidence of sarcopenia.Blood lead levels were a partial mediator of the association between folate levels and sarcopenia.In women，there was no significant association found between folate levels and sarcopenia.
Conclusions
The study found that in American male diabetic patients, higher serum and red blood cell folate levels are associated with better muscle mass and a lower incidence of sarcopenia, with blood lead levels playing a partial mediating role. This suggests that folate might reduce the risk of sarcopenia by lowering levels of heavy metals, particularly lead, especially in male diabetic patients.Future studies should continue to investigate this correlation and its underlying mechanisms.
Risk Factors for Refractory Respiratory Distress Syndrome among Very-Low-Birth- Weight Infants
Authors: Shin Jeongmin , Choi Chang Won , Lee Byung Kook
Published: April 2024

The objective was to evaluate refractory respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) risk factors among very-low-birth-weight infants (VLBWIs). The data of VLBWIs born from January 2013–December 2020 and registered in the Korean Neonatal Network (KNN) were analyzed. Infants who died within 5 postnatal days or who were not given surfactant were excluded. Infants were divided into a well-responding RDS group, which received surfactant replacement therapy (SRT) only once, and a refractory RDS group, which received SRT twice or more. The associations between perinatal characteristics and refractory RDS were investigated via multivariate logistic regression analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that low gestational age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] =1.26), male sex (aOR = 1.17), cesarean section (aOR = 1.58), maternal hypertensive disorder (aOR = 1.54), and low 5-minute Apgar scores (aOR = 1.24) were significantly associated with refractory RDS. Antenatal corticosteroid use (aOR = 0.81) and maternal chorioamnionitis (aOR = 0.79) were significantly inversely associated with refractory RDS. Compared with nonrefractory RDS, refractory RDS was significantly associated with increased major neonatal morbidity and mortality risk at 5 postnatal days. Refractory RDS was associated with unfavorable neonatal outcomes. Maternal hypertensive disorder is a significant risk factor for refractory RDS.
Influence of fiber orientation on the behavior of macro synthetic fiber in short- and long-term pullout tests
Authors: Rocha Thais da Silva , Bitencourt Luís A. G. , Cardoso Daniel
Published: April 2024

Synthetic fibers deforming over time can be a concern in structural design, particularly in serviceability limit states. Short-term pullout tests are commonly used to predict fiber–matrix interactions, but even in this case, an individualized evaluation of the pullout behavior of single fibers oriented parallel to the load direction may not be sufficient to predict the efficiency of the composite. In the present work, short- and long-term pullout tests were performed with fibers oriented at angles of 15°, 30°, and 45° with respect to the direction of the load to investigate the influence of macro synthetic fibers orientation on fiber–matrix interactions. In short-term tests, optical microscopy images were obtained on the pulled-out fibers to correlate the surface degradation of the fibers with the stress versus strain curves. In quasi-static pullout (short-term), small reductions in pullout strength were observed for all fibers and angles, in addition to an intensive degradation of their surfaces owing to the significant snubbing effect of this type of fiber. In contrast, for the long-term tests, a creep reduction was observed with increasing fiber inclination angle caused by the creep reduction of the fiber due to non-axial loading and additional force components produced by the deviation of the axial force. The parameters of Burgers rheological model were written as a function of the fiber orientation angle, with excellent adjustment to the experimental data.
Increased Risk of Hearing Loss Associated with MT-RNR1 Gene Mutations: A Real-World Investigation Among Han Taiwanese Population
Authors: Chen Hou-Kuang , Hsieh Yow-Wen , Hsu Hsing-Yu , Liu Ting-Yuan , Zhang Yu-Ting , Lin Chia-Der , Tsai Fuu-Jen
Published: April 2024

Background: Previous studies have implicated inherited mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in sensorineural hearing loss. However, the definitive association between mitochondrial 12S rRNA (MT-RNR1) variants and hearing loss in the population has not been well established, particularly in Asia. The objective of this retrospective cohort study was to assess the association between MT-RNR1variants and the risk of hearing loss events in patients in Taiwan.
Methods: We identified a cohort of 12,969 individuals, including 1,179 patients with MT-RNR1 variants, from the China Medical University Hospital Database between January 2003 and December 2020. These patients with MT-RNR1 variants were matched with a control group of 11,790 participants without such variants. The mean age of the mtDNA variants group is 32.4 years, with a standard deviation of 19.2 years.
Results: The incidence density of hearing loss for the mutation group was 36.42 per 10,000 person-years (95% Confidence Interval [CI], 27.21-47.73), which was higher than the 23.77per 10,000 person-years (95% CI, 21.32-26.42) in the wild-type group (p<0.005). Additionally, diabetes mellitus was associated with an increased risk of developing sensorineural hearing loss in individuals with MT-RNR1 variants (adjusted hazard ratio=1.76 [95% CI, 1.00-3.09], p< 0.05).
Conclusion: This study emphasizes the elevated risk of hearing loss events in patients with MT-RNR1 variants, especially those with co-existing disease. The findings highlight the necessity for strategies to prevent hearing loss events in this high-risk group, emphasizing early intervention and consideration of associated complications.
Robotic Partial Nephrectomy Is Associated with a Significantly Decreased Rate of Postoperative Pseudoaneurysm Compared to Open and Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy
Authors: Mahmud Husny , Haitovic Boris , Zilberman Dorit , Rosenzweig Barak , Laufer Menachem , Portnoy Orith , Fridman Eddie , Dotan Zohar A.
Published: April 2024

Background: While partial nephrectomy offers oncologic efficacy and preserves renal function for T1 renal tumors, renal artery pseudoaneurysm (RAP) remains a rare but potentially life-threatening complication. This study compared RAP incidence across robotic-assisted (RAPN), laparoscopic (LPN), and open (OPN) partial nephrectomies in a large tertiary oncological center.
Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 785 patients undergoing partial nephrectomy between 2012-2022 (398 RAPN, 122 LPN, 265 OPN). Data included demographics, tumor size/location, surgical type, clinical presentation, treatment, and post-operative outcomes. The primary outcome was RAP incidence, with secondary outcomes including presentation, treatment efficacy, and renal function.
Results: Seventeen patients (2.1%) developed RAP, presenting with massive hematuria (100%), hemorrhagic shock (5.8%), and clot retention (23%). The median onset was 12 days postoperatively. RAP occurred in 4 (1%), 4 (3.3%), and 9 (3.4%) patients following RAPN, LPN, and OPN, respectively (p=0.04). Only surgery length and surgical approach were independently associated with RAP. Selective embolization achieved immediate bleeding control in 94%, with one patient requiring a second embolization. No additional surgery or nephrectomy was needed. Estimated GFR at one year was similar across both groups (p=0.53).
Conclusions: RAPN demonstrated a significantly lower RAP incidence compared to LPN and OPN (p=0.04). Emergency angiographic embolization proved effective, with no long-term renal function impact.
Limitations: This retrospective study lacked randomization and long-term follow-up. Further research with larger datasets and longer follow-up is warranted.
Patient Summary:This study suggests that robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy is associated with a significantly lower risk of RAP compared to traditional approaches. Emergency embolization effectively treats RAP without compromising long-term renal function.
Fast crystal formation of dinuclear dysprosium (III) complex using ligand derived from o-vanillin: syntheses, crystal structure and magnetic properties
Authors: Saha Samarendra Nath , Halder Pabitra , Mandal Soumik
Published: April 2024

A new dinuclear dysprosium (III) complex has been synthesized with the formula [DyIII2(valpico)2(NO3)4].4CH3CN, where (Hvalpico = 2-methoxy-6-((pyridin-2-ylmethylimino)methyl)phenol) in acetonitrile medium. The single crystals started to form from acetonitrile solution after 5 minutes of reaction and completed within 10 minutes at room temperature. The crystals were of good quality for single crystal X-ray diffraction measurement. The structural and magnetic properties of the dinuclear (Dy2) phenoxo-bridged motif are explored. The magnetic property of the Dy-dimer complex show single molecular magnetic (SMM) behaviour.
Skin autofluorescence and cause-specific mortality: from a population-based cohort
Authors: Boersma H. Erik , Smit Andries J. , Paterson Andrew D. , Wolffenbuttel Bruce H.R. , Klauw Melanie M.
Published: April 2024

We aimed to assess the association of SAF with cardiovascular mortality in the general population and the possible association between SAF with other disease-specific mortality rates. We evaluated 77,143 participants without known diabetes or cardiovascular disease. The cause of death was ascertained by the municipality database. The associations between SAF and all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality and cancer mortality were assessed with Cox proportional hazard analysis.After a median follow-up of 115 months, 1447 participants were deceased (1.9%). SAF and age-adjusted SAF-z score were higher in all mortality groups. Cox regression analysis revealed that the highest quartile of SAF was associated with increased odds of cardiovascular mortality, (HR) 12.6 (7.3–21.7) and after adjusting for age (HR 1.8 (1.0-3.2)). Significance was lost after additional adjustments for sex, smoking status, and BMI (HR 1.4 (0.8–2.5). For cancer-related mortality the highest quartile of SAF was associated with higher probability of mortality in all models (unadjusted HR 8.6 (6.6–11.3), adjusted for age HR 2.1 (1.6–2.8)), adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, and BMI HR 1.7 (1.3–2.4)). SAF is associated with all-cause mortality as well as cardiovascular and cancer-related mortality in the general population.
Unlocking Academic Success: The Impact of Time Management on College Students’ Study Engagement
Authors: Fu Yangyang , Wang Qiuju , Wang Xiaofeng , Zhong Haoxuan , Chen Junqi , Fei Haoyu , Yao Yipeng , Xiao Yao , Li Wenfu , Li Na
Published: April 2024

Background: In this study, the purpose was to examine the impact of time management on college students’ study engagement and to determine the mechanisms involved. Consequently, we examined the relationship between time management and engagement in study, as well as self-control and mobile phone dependence.
Methods: The Adolescence Time Management Disposition Scale (ATMD), College Student Mobile Phone Dependence Questionnaire (CSMPDQ), Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-student (UWES-S), and Self-Control Scale (SCS) were administered to 1016 college students. A Pearson’s correlation analysis and a mediation analysis using bootstrapping were performed in order to test for standard method bias using SPSS 22.0.
Results: ①Time management was positively associated with self-control and study engagement, and negatively associated with mobile phone dependence (p < 0.001). self-control was positively associated with study engagement，and negatively associated with mobile phone dependence (p < 0.001). Mobile phone dependence was negatively associated with study engagement (p < 0.01). ②Time management can not only directly predict study engagement (95%CI, 0.102-0.208) but also affects study engagement through three indirect paths: self-control was a mediator (95%CI, 0.066-0.158), mobile phone dependence was a mediator (95%CI, 0.043-0.109), and self-control and mobile phone dependence were a chain mediator (95%CI, 0.012-0.032).
Conclusion: Time management not only influences study engagement directly, but also through the mediating effect of self-control and mobile phone dependenceindirectly.
Clinical utility of transperineal template-guided mapping prostate biopsy in a selection of patients under active surveillance and confirmation of patients with negative biopsy for prostate cancer
Authors: Koo Michael Jakun , Lee Byunghun , Song Wan , Kang Minyong , Sung Hyun Hwan , Jeong Byong Chang , Seo Seong Il , Jeon Seong Soo , Lee Chung Un , Jeon Hwang Gyun
Published: April 2024

We investigated the change to definitive treatment in patients under active surveillance (AS) and cancer diagnosis in non-cancerous patients for prostate cancer after confirmatory transperineal template-guided mapping prostate biopsy (TTMB). We retrospectively reviewed 336 patients who underwent TTMB between March 2017 and March 2023, with 134 AS patients and 202 non-cancerous patients. All patients were routinely followed up via prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI), and follow-up biopsy was performed when deemed clinically appropriate. Treatment changes in the AS and cancer detection in non-cancerous groups were analyzed. One hundred and thirty-four patients under the AS protocol were analyzed, of which 110 (82.1%) maintained AS for 33 months. Nine patients (6.7%) had significant findings in mpMRI (prostate imaging–reporting and data system [PI-RADS] ≥3) and received radical treatment following target biopsy via transrectal ultrasonography. Totally, 115 patients (83.3%) with insignificant findings in mpMRI (PI-RADS 1 or 2 lesions) were followed up with transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (17.4%, N = 20), repeat TTMB (6.1%, N = 7), or no additional biopsy (76.5%, N = 88), and five (25.0%), two (28.5%), and eight (9.1%) patients converted to radical treatment from each group, respectively. In the non-cancerous group, five patients (2.5%) were diagnosed with prostate cancer, with PI-RADS ≥3 findings via mpMRI and were confirmed by target biopsy, during a mean follow-up period of 25 months, subsequently receiving radical treatment. TTMB is effective in selecting patients for AS treatment, confirming benign patients, and can be used as an effective follow-up modality.
Mapping soil properties in tropical rainforest area using UAV-based hyperspectral images and LiDAR points
Authors: Chen Yiqing , Shi Tiezhu , Li Qipei , Wang Zhensheng , Wang Ran , Wang Feng , Chen Zongzhu , Wu Tingtian , Pan Xiao , Chen Xiaohua , Lei Jinrui , Nong Shouqian , Li Yuanling
Published: April 2024

Aims
This study aimed to integrate UAV-based hyperspectral images and LiDAR points to indirectly estimate the soil nutrient properties in tropical rainforest areas.
Methods
A total of 175 features, including vegetation indices, texture characteristics, and forest parameters, were extracted from the study area. Five machine learning models, Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR), Random Forest (RF), AdaBoost, Gradient Boosting Decision Trees (GBDT), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), were constructed to predict soil nutrients. Furthermore, Bayesian optimization algorithm (BOA) was introduced to obtain more optimal model hyperparameters.
Results
The results showed that BOA can better explain the complex interactions between features and hyperparameters, leading to an average improvement of model performance by 89.38% compared to default parameter models. The GBDT model optimized by BOA outperformed other models in predicting soil pH and TN, with improvements of 512.50% and 36.36%, respectively. The XGBoost model with optimized parameters performed well in predicting SOC and TP (with gains of 206.67% and 95% improvements, respectively). In addition, point cloud features derived from LiDAR data outperformed vegetation indices in predicting soil nutrient properties, enhancing inversion accuracy by effectively characterizing vegetation growth conditions and terrain changes.
Conclusions
This study indicated that combining the advantages of UAV-based hyperspectral images and LiDAR points will advance the methodology for digitally mapping soil nutrient properties in forested areas, achieving large-scale soil nutrient management and monitoring.
Factors contributing to flooding and adaptation strategies employed by residents of the Tamale Metropolis to mitigate the effects of flooding in the Northern Region, Ghana
Authors: Ampofo Justice Agyei , Sekyere Ebenezer Owusu , Adongo Raymond
Published: April 2024

This study assessed the factors contributing to flooding and adaptation strategies employed by residents of the Tamale Metropolis to mitigate the effects of flooding in the Northern Region, Ghana. The research used mixed research approach that was descriptive with data collection by both quantitative and qualitative methods. In addition, 400 residents from the Tamale Metropolis were sampled, and the data were analyzed through a not ordered least square (OLS) model and Kendall's coefficient concordance. The research has the overall performances of the model come out by using the R-squared and Adjusted R-squared values, which amount to the 0.745 and 0.720, respectively. Furthermore, flood incidence as an independent variable in the regression analysis has a positive coefficient of 1.678, which means that a rising flood incidence is linked to an intensification of flooding in Tamale Metropolis. Besides, the research found that the two adaptation measures being the use of flood barriers and sandbags were the most favored by the population. The fact that the usage of emergency supplies is based at the last position among the adaption strategies which are meant to avert the negative effects of flooding has been ranked as the least employed strategy of mitigating the effects of flooding. The results showed that during the flood season, water level rise, infrastructural damages, poor land use classification, economic status, water supply systems, sanitation facilities, roads network, the presence of low-lying areas, agricultural land, and government agencies have a major influence on the flooding situation in the Tamale Metropolis. This study recommends that the urban planning guidelines of the Tamale Metropolitan Assembly should be enforced and implemented to oversee the management and planning of the land use, management of unplanned development and reduction of the ecological degradation by infrastructure around flooding.
Increasing evidence of humpback whale calving in the south-west of Western Australia
Authors: Jolliffe Capri , Russell Grace , McPherson Craig , Elsdon Brodie
Published: April 2024

An understanding of the spatial and temporal range of marine mammals, and identification of habitats that support critical behaviours is fundamental for effective species management and conservation. The humpback whale, while considered to be recovered within Australian waters, is subject to increasing levels of anthropogenic pressure across its migratory range. Increasing population size, in concert with long term climatic change, is likely to lead to intra and inter-species competition for food resources and habitat. Historically, humpback whales have been known to calf in the Kimberley region, with recent records of calving extending into the Pilbara as far south as Ningaloo Reef, off Exmouth Western Australia. This paper presents empirical evidence of significant numbers of humpback whale calves being born over 1500 km further south in Ngari Marine Park, southwest Western Australia, along their northern migratory route, including live sightings of neonates, deceased strandings of neonate calves and evidence of killer whale predation events. The presence of calving behaviour outside of known calving grounds presents challenges for species conservation and management with effective mitigation and management of anthropogenic pressures contingent on a contemporary understanding of species presence and behaviour. Further, there is considerable concern for the viability of calves this far south on their migratory route where water temperatures are cooler and sheltered areas for resting are more limited.
Comparison of Short Physical Performance Battery in Hip Fracture Patients Using Smart Insoles and Manual Methods
Authors: Kim Shinjune , Kim Soojin , Kim HyeonSu , Kim HyunBin , Yoo Jun-Il
Published: April 2024

Introduction: The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) is a widely used tool for assessing physical function in older adults, including those who experienced a hip fracture. Traditionally, medical professionals perform the SPPB manually, which is time-consuming and prone to subjective interpretation. However, recent technological advancements have introduced smart insoles that can automatically capture and analyze data related to gait and balance, potentially offering a more objective and efficient method for performing the SPPB.
Methods: In this study, we aimed to compare the smart insole method versus the manual method for SPPB assessment in hip fracture patients. We recruited a sample of 57 patients with hip fracture aged 50 years or older. The participants underwent both the smart insole assessment and the manual assessment simultaneously. The SPPB consists of three subtests: balance, gait speed, and chair stands.
Results: The balance test scores slightly increased with smart insoles, showing a mean difference of 0.086 and a p-value of 0.037. In contrast, chair stand and gait speed tests showed negligible differences, with p-values of 0.777 and 1.000, respectively. The overall SPPB scores were closely matched between the methods, with a minimal mean difference of 0.103 and a p-value of 0.282. High correlations were observed across the assessments, with r of 0.95 for individual tests and 0.98 for total SPPB scores.
Conclusion: The smart insole method provides a reliable and efficient alternative to the manual method for assessing SPPB in hip fracture patients. Smart insoles in assessments can save time and resources while improving accuracy and standardization of SPPB measurements.
Deep learning-based detection of coronary artery calcification in non-contrast and contrast-enhanced CT scans
Authors: Mohammadi Salman , Mikhael Shadia , Goatman Keith , Dahdouh Sonia , Jaubert Olivier , Voisey Jeremy , Hughes Rebecca , Bradley Conor , Good Richard
Published: April 2024

Coronary artery calcification (CAC) assessed using computed tomography (CT) scans is a clinically-validated biomarker that is highly prognostic for coronary heart disease (CHD) and adverse cardiac events. Clinical assessment of CAC relies on a dedicated coronary electrocardiogram (ECG)-synchronised non-contrast CT scan. However, millions of CT scans are acquired every year for various indications that include the heart in the field-of-view yet visible CAC is often not reported in these scans. This is a significant missed opportunity for incidental detection of a powerful cardiac risk factor. Our study was conducted on a set of 295 unselected, consecutive CT scans from the National Health Service (NHS) Golden Jubilee Hospital. These were annotated for CAC and used for model training and testing. We developed and validated a deep learning model to accurately quantify CAC on any CT scan including the heart, regardless of the presence or phase of contrast agent, reason for the scan, or use of ECG-synchronisation. The model achieved substantial agreement with the manual human assessment (Cohen’s Kappa=0.61, Bland-Altman mean difference=-40.8mm3). Additionally, we found no correlation between arterial brightness (a surrogate metric for the level of contrast agent present) and agreement between manual and automated measurements (Spearman correlation R=-0.005). Early intervention is vital to improve patient outcomes. The automated CAC scoring method demonstrated here could be applied to all chest CT scans that include the heart, greatly expanding the opportunities for early detection of subclinical cardiovascular disease when preventative interventions have more impact. The promising accuracy achieved here by our deep learning model on a set of unselected sequential CT scans shows the potential for large-scale implementation to reduce the burden of coronary heart disease through systematic, opportunistic CAC screening.
Clinical characteristics and logistic regression analysis of 227 cases of children with macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia
Authors: Yan Mengzhen , Tao Ran , Li Shigang , Xiong Jinwen , Xiang Jinbo
Published: April 2024

Purpose
To investigate macrolide-resistant Mycobacterium pneumoniae (MRMP) pneumonia in children and construct a logistic regression model for mutations in the Mycoplasma pneumoniae drug-resistant gene.
Methods
Clinical data of 281 children were analyzed. Sequencing confirmed a mutation at the A2063G locus of the 23S rRNA gene in 227 children (A2063G group); 54 children showed no mutations (non-MRMP [NMRMP] group). We compared clinical features, laboratory tests, imaging, and bronchoscopy results and constructed a multifactorial logistic regression model to analyze risk and protective factors.
Results
The A2063G group had longer durations of fever and hospitalization before admission, a higher proportion of glucocorticosteroid treatment, longer time to discontinue hormones, and higher probability of combined infections. Monocyte percentage was significantly higher in the A2063G group. Imaging suggested a higher incidence of infections in the right lung compared to both lungs. Univariate analysis revealed fever duration before admission, hormone dose and duration, monocyte percentage, and mixed infections as risk factors for Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection with the A2063G mutation. The logistic regression model showed that mixed infections were an independent risk factor for the A2063G locus mutation, whereas hormone dose was a protective factor.
Conclusion
Detection rate was high; all children showed the A2063G mutation in the bacterial drug-resistant gene, longer fever duration and hospitalization before admission, a significantly higher percentage of monocytes, higher glucocorticoid use, and longer to cease medication. The presence of other respiratory infections was an independent risk factor for the emergence of resistant genes, while hormone dose use was a protective factor.
Sulfated N-glycan Upregulation in Sera Predicts Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: Feleke Dereje G. , Montalban Bryan M. , Gizaw Solomon T. , Hinou Hiroshi
Published: April 2024

Background
Breast cancer (BC) is a significant global health concern among women, and early detection plays a pivotal role in enhancing patient survival rates. Alterations in the structure and abundance of sulfated glycans have been linked to various diseases including cancer. However, due to their low abundance, analyzing sulfated glycans poses challenges, making the investigation of sulfated glycan profiles a topic of significant interest in the search for novel biomarkers for early BC detection.
Methods
In this study, we utilized a glycoblotting-based sulphoglycomic workflow to examine the presence of sulfated N-glycans in the serum of Ethiopian patients with BC. This approach integrates high-throughput glycoblotting enrichment technology, WAX separation, and MALDI-TOF MS. The sulfated N-glycan profiles in the whole serum of 76 BC patients and 20 age-matched healthy controls were analyzed.
Results
The findings revealed that seven monosulfated glycans were significantly upregulated in the serum of BC patients compared to that in the control group. Each identified glycan showed significant abundance with an AUC ≥ 0.8 and demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy in predicting early-stage BC patients. Sulfated glycans abundantly displayed terminal Lewis-type glycan epitopes, unlike their negligible presence in nonsulfated N-glycans in serum, whose abundance has been strongly associated with BC progression, metastasis, and immune invasion. Importantly, sulfated glycans were analyzed without removing the sialic group, allowing for a comprehensive evaluation of the sialylation status of the identified sulfated glycans.
Conclusion
To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first quantitative analysis of sulfated N-glycans in patients with BC, identifying novel glyco-biomarkers with discriminatory potential in the early stages of BC.
Evaluation of the implementation process of a new emergency triage system, WEst coast System for Triage (WEST)
Authors: Habbouche Samah , Carlström Eric , Magnusson Carl , Holmqvist Lina
Published: April 2024

Background: The global escalation of Emergency Department (ED) crowding has prompted the development of innovative solutions to alleviate strain and enhance patient prioritization. One such solution is the WEst coast System for Triage (WEST), based on the South African Triage Scale. Initially Introduced at Sahlgrenska University Hospital in Western Sweden between 2019 and 2021, WEST has since been adopted by numerous hospital EDs in the region, replacing the established Rapid Emergency Triage and Treatment System (RETTS©). Despite WEST's apparent success in enhancing patient flow and prioritization, reports suggest that challenges arose during its implementation.
Previous descriptions highlight how subcultures within hospital organizations impede new working methods. This study aims to map the implementation process at the initial two EDs adopting WEST and identify hindrances. We focus on the transition from RETTS© to WEST, studying staff experiences during various implementation stages.
Method: Thirty-six triage nurses from two hospitals participated in semi-structured individual interviews, offering insights into their experiences with WEST, challenges faced, and a comparison with RETTS©. The first hospital, ED1, initiated the process earlier than ED2. Roger's diffusion of innovations model guided the deductive analysis, supplemented by quantitative analysis using Likert scales.
Results: Out of the interviewees, 17 were from ED1 and 19 from ED2. ED1 exhibited enthusiasm and perceived WEST as a significant improvement in triage. Conversely, ED2's responses were varied, with some expressing reservations about the implementation process and the new system. Based on Roger's model, ED1 could be categorized as early adopters, while ED2 represented a mix of early and late majority. Despite varying responses, most participants (30 out of 36) agreed on WEST's enhanced accuracy in identifying critically ill patients during triage compared to RETTS©
Conclusion The implementation of WEST faced challenges in both EDs, with ED1 displaying more enthusiasm compared to ED2. However, the majority recognized WEST's effectiveness in prioritizing patients accurately. This study sheds light on the dynamics of implementing new triage systems and underscores the importance of understanding and addressing challenges during the process.
Treatment for ulnar shortening caused by osteochondromatosis
Authors: Wang Sisheng , Zheng Shaoluan , He Anqi , Liu Qi , Su Lianbing , Wang Chengyun , Chen Yongfa , Liu Maosheng
Published: April 2024

Background: This study investigates treatments for ulnar shortening caused by osteochondromatosis.
Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients diagnosed with osteochondromatosis and admitted to Xiamen University Affiliated First Hospital and Fudan Zhongshan Xiamen Hospital from February 2017 to February 2022. Patients were divided into two groups based on the dislocation status of the radial head: the dislocation group and the non-dislocation group. The effectiveness of treatments was evaluated by comparing wrist movement, forearm rotation function, elbow movement, length discrepancy between the radius and ulna, presence of radial head dislocation, and carrying angle.
Results: A statistically significant difference was observed in the annual length discrepancy between the radius and ulna before and after surgery, in both the dislocation and non-dislocation groups (P < 0.05). A similar statistically significant difference was also observed in the carrying angle between the groups (P < 0.05). However, no statistically significant difference in elbow and wrist function was observed before and after surgery in either of the groups (P > 0.05).
Conclusion: Resection of osteochondroma can reduce further aggravation of ulnar deformity. Ulnar shortening contributes to secondary radial head dislocation, and ulnar lengthening can effectively treat this condition.
First molecular and phylogenetic analysis of Physaloptera clausa parasitizing long-eared hedgehogs (Hemiechinus auritus) in Iran
Authors: Eslahi Aida Vafae , Pirestani Majid , Karami Moslem , Khazaei Sasan , Badri Milad
Published: April 2024

Purpose Physalopteridae nematodes pose a threat to a broad spectrum of animals, including amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. The current study is the first molecular and phylogenetic analysis of Physaloptera clausa parasitizing long-eared hedgehogs (Hemiechinus auritus) in Iran.
Methods A male road-killed H. auritus was collected from Shahriar City, Tehran province in May 2022 and it was subjected to necropsy. After isolating parasites, they underwent morphological analysis using a light microscope and based on an identification key. For molecular analysis, the genomic DNA was isolated using the FavorPrepTM Tissue Genomic DNA Extraction Mini Kit. The PCR products were sequenced, the sequence data were analyzed and multiple alignments were conducted using the Clustal Omega. For phylogenetic analysis, these nucleotide sequences were aligned in MEGA 11 based on the lowest Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) score.
Results A cluster of parasites found on the mucosa of the hedgehog's stomach. All the nematodes were identified as P. clausa. The sequence obtained in this study has been submitted to GenBank with the accession number OR088573. The phylogeny analysis revealed that the genus Physalopteraformed a major clade where P. clausa was clustered with various Physalopteraspecies, closely related to Turgida, Physalopteroides, and Skrjabinopteragenera.
Conclusion Our study specified the necessity for additional taxonomic and phylogenetic research on Physalopteraspecies and related genera to fully understand the evolutionary dynamics and ecological significance of these parasites.