bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVE POSITIONS OF THE BALTIC STATES – CHANGES AND DETERMINANTS IN THE POST-ACCESSION PERIOD
Authors: Molendowski Edward , Petraškevičius Vladislavas
Published: April 2020

The article presents the results of an analysis comparing changes in the competitive positions of the Baltic States in comparison with the Visegrad Group countries and the new EU Member States in the post-accession period (2006–2017). This type of study has not been presented in more detail in the available literature. Researchers of international economic competitiveness mostly focussed on the EU-15. The Baltic States mainly have been excluded from such investigations. Therefore, the article may significantly contribute to bridging the gap. The study employs the method of secondary data’s comparative analysis concerning indices and pillars of economic competitiveness described in The Global Competitiveness Reports of the World Economic Forum. An important element of the examination was to identify major determinants of those developments. It focussed on the identification of structural factors shaping the competitive positions of the countries covered. The demonstration which of the factors determine competitiveness and the assessment of long-term changes may serve as the basis for economic policy making. The assumption is that the EU accession had a considerable impact on the development of the competitive position but specific effects varied between countries. The Baltic States differed rather widely regarding the improvement of their competitive positions throughout the post-accession period.
A Multiwavelength Search for Intrinsic Linear Polarization in Wolf–Rayet Winds
Authors: Fullard Andrew G. , St-Louis Nicole , Moffat Anthony F. J. , Piirola Vilppu E. , Manset Nadine , Hoffman Jennifer L.
Published: April 2020

Wolf–Rayet stars have strong, hot winds, with mass-loss rates at least a factor of 10 greater than their O-star progenitors, although their terminal wind speeds are similar. In this paper, we use the technique of multiband linear polarimetry to extract information on the global asymmetry of the wind in a sample of 47 bright Galactic WR stars. Our observations also include time-dependent observations of 17 stars in the sample. The path to our goal includes removing the dominating component of wavelength-dependent interstellar polarization (ISP), which normally follows the well-known Serkowski law. We include a wavelength-dependent ISP position angle parameter in our ISP law and find that 15 stars show significant results for this parameter. We detect a significant component of wavelength-independent polarization due to electron scattering in the wind for 10 cases, with most WR stars showing none at the ∼0.05% level precision of our data. The intrinsically polarized stars can be explained with binary interaction, large-scale wind structure, and clumping. We also found that 5 stars out of 19 observed with the Strömgren b filter (probing the complex λ4600–4700 emission-line region) have significant residuals from the ISP law and propose that this is due to wind asymmetries. We provide a useful catalog of ISP for 47 bright Galactic WR stars and upper limits on the possible level of intrinsic polarization.
Securing the Legacy of TESS through the Care and Maintenance of TESS Planet Ephemerides
Authors: Dragomir Diana , Harris Mallory , Pepper Joshua , Barclay Thomas , Villanueva Steven , Ricker George R. , Vanderspek Roland , Latham David W. , Seager S. , Winn Joshua N. , Jenkins Jon M. , Ciardi David R. , Furesz Gabor , Henze Christopher E. , Mireles Ismael , Morgan Edward H. , Quintana Elisa V. , Ting Eric B. , Yahalomi Daniel
Published: April 2020

Much of the science from the exoplanets detected by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission relies on precisely predicted transit times that are needed for many follow-up characterization studies. We investigate ephemeris deterioration for simulated TESS planets and find that the ephemerides of 81% of those will have expired (i.e., 1σ mid-transit time uncertainties greater than 30 minutes) 1 yr after their TESS observations. We verify these results using a sample of TESS planet candidates as well. In particular, of the simulated planets that would be recommended as James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) targets by Kempton et al., ∼80% will have mid-transit time uncertainties >30 minutes by the earliest time JWST would observe them. This rapid deterioration is driven primarily by the relatively short time baseline of TESS observations. We describe strategies for maintaining TESS ephemerides fresh through follow-up transit observations. We find that the longer the baseline between the TESS and the follow-up observations, the longer the ephemerides stay fresh, and that 51% of simulated primary mission TESS planets will require space-based observations. The recently approved extension to the TESS mission will rescue the ephemerides of most (though not all) primary mission planets, but the benefits of these new observations can only be reaped 2 yr after the primary mission observations. Moreover, the ephemerides of most primary mission TESS planets (as well as those newly discovered during the extended mission) will again have expired by the time future facilities such as the ELTs, Ariel, and the possible LUVOIR/Origins Space Telescope missions come online, unless maintenance follow-up observations are obtained.
An Ejecta Kinematics Study of Kepler’s Supernova Remnant with High-resolution Chandra HETG Spectroscopy
Authors: Millard Matthew J. , Bhalerao Jayant , Park Sangwook , Sato Toshiki , Hughes John P. , Slane Patrick , Patnaude Daniel , Burrows David , Badenes Carles
Published: April 2020

We report our measurements of the bulk radial velocity from a sample of small, metal-rich ejecta knots in Kepler’s supernova remnant (SNR). We measure the Doppler shift of the He-like Si Kα line-center energy in the spectra of these knots based on our Chandra High-Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer observation to estimate their radial velocities. We estimate high radial velocities of up to ∼8000 km s−1 for some of these ejecta knots. We also measure proper motions for our sample based on the archival Chandra Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer data taken in 2000, 2006, and 2014. Our measured radial velocities and proper motions indicate that some of these ejecta knots are almost freely expanding after ∼400 yr since the explosion. The fastest moving knots show proper motions of up to ∼0.″2 per year. Assuming that these high-velocity ejecta knots are traveling ahead of the forward shock of the SNR, we estimate the distance to Kepler’s SNR d ∼ 4.4–7.5 kpc. We find that the ejecta knots in our sample have an average space velocity of v

s
 ∼ 4600 km s−1 (at a distance of 6 kpc). We note that 8 of the 15 ejecta knots from our sample show a statistically significant (at the 90% confidence level) redshifted spectrum, compared to only two with a blueshifted spectrum. This may suggest an asymmetry in the ejecta distribution in Kepler’s SNR along the line of sight; however, a larger sample size is required to confirm this result.
Sandblasting the r-process: Spallation of Ejecta from Neutron Star Mergers
Authors: Wang 王夕 Xilu 露 ,   (N3AS collaboration), Fields Brian D. , Mumpower Matthew , Sprouse Trevor , Surman Rebecca , Vassh Nicole
Published: April 2020

Neutron star mergers (NSMs) are rapid neutron-capture (r-process) nucleosynthesis sites that expel matter at high velocities, from 0.1c to as high as 0.6c. Nuclei ejected at these speeds are sufficiently energetic to initiate spallation nuclear reactions with interstellar medium (ISM) particles. We adopt a thick-target model for the propagation of high-speed heavy nuclei in the ISM, similar to the transport of cosmic rays. We find that spallation may create observable perturbations to NSM isotopic abundances, particularly around the low-mass edges of the r-process peaks where neighboring nuclei have very different abundances. The extent to which spallation modifies the final NSM isotopic yields depends on: (1) the ejected abundances, which are determined by the NSM astrophysical conditions and the properties of nuclei far from stability, (2) the ejecta velocity distribution and propagation in interstellar matter, and (3) the spallation cross sections. Observed solar and stellar r-process yields could thus constrain the velocity distribution of ejected neutron star matter, assuming NSMs are the dominant r-process source. We suggest avenues for future work, including measurement of relevant cross sections.
Meso-scale Instability Triggered by Dust Feedback in Dusty Rings: Origin and Observational Implications
Authors: Huang Pinghui , Li Hui , Isella Andrea , Miranda Ryan , Li Shengtai , Ji Jianghui
Published: April 2020

High spatial resolution observations of protoplanetary disks by ALMA have revealed many substructures that are providing interesting constraints on disk physics as well as dust dynamics, both of which are essential for understanding planet formation. We carry out high-resolution, 2D global hydrodynamic simulations, including the effects of dust feedback, to study the stability of dusty rings. When the ring edges are relatively sharp and the dust surface density becomes comparable to the gas surface density, we find that dust feedback enhances the radial gradients of both the azimuthal velocity profile and the potential vorticity profile at the ring edges. This eventually leads to instabilities on meso-scales (spatial scales of several disk scale heights), causing dusty rings to be populated with many compact regions with highly concentrated dust densities. We also produce synthetic dust emission images using our simulation results and discuss the comparison between simulations and observations.
Structured Jets and X-Ray Plateaus in Gamma-Ray Burst Phenomena
Authors: Oganesyan Gor , Ascenzi Stefano , Branchesi Marica , Salafia Om Sharan , Dall’Osso Simone , Ghirlanda Giancarlo
Published: April 2020

The first multi-messenger detection of a binary neutron star merger, GW170817, brought to the forefront the structured jet model as a way to explain multiwavelength observations taken more than a year after the event. Here, we show that the high-latitude emission from a structured jet can naturally produce an X-ray plateau in gamma-ray burst (GRB) light curves, independent of the radiation from an external shock. We calculate the radiation from a switched-off shell featuring an angular structure in both its relativistic bulk motion and intrinsic brightness. Our model is able to explain the shallow decay phase (plateau) often observed in GRB X-ray light curves. We discuss the possible contribution of the structured jet high-latitude emission to other distinctive features of GRB X-ray light curves, and its capability to explain the chromatic optical/X-ray light-curve properties.
Cryotherapy for Treatment of ECT-Induced Headache
Authors: Drew Brian J. , King Major L. , Callahan Linda
Published: April 2020

Because headache is a common side effect of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), this study sought to determine the effectiveness of cryotherapy (i.e., a frozen gel band) in relieving pain in patients with post-ECT headaches, and whether headache intensity and physiological measurements could predict use of an alternative analgesic (rescue medication). We used a quasi-experimental, crossover design to collect data from 31 patients ages 24 to 85 who had been referred for ECT at two medical facilities in San Diego, California. Measurements of patients' pain intensity were made at three intervals: upon perceiving headache, and at 30 and 60 minutes following the cryotherapy or acetaminophen interventions, based on the order of the crossover design.

Data were analyzed using Hotelling's T
2
and logistic regression. No significant difference was found between cryotherapy and acetaminophen in relieving ECT-induced headaches (
p
= .420). There was no influence due to the crossover design (
p
= .313), nor where there significant changes in physiological measures from treatment (
p
= .420). Logistic regression showed that 50% of patients required rescue medication after 60 minutes for both treatments (R
2
= .498,
p
= .001), and 66% required rescue medication based on pain level and physiological measures (R
2
= .662,
p
< .008). Based on these results, cryotherapy is an alternative treatment that may be helpful to some patients with ECT-induced headaches.
Endothelial Pannexin 1 Channels Control Inflammation by Regulating Intracellular Calcium
Authors: Yang Yang , Delalio Leon J. , Best Angela K. , Macal Edgar , Milstein Jenna , Donnelly Iona , Miller Ashley M. , McBride Martin , Shu Xiaohong , Koval Michael , Isakson Brant E. , Johnstone Scott R.
Published: April 2020

The proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β is a significant risk factor in cardiovascular disease that can be targeted to reduce major cardiovascular events. IL-1β expression and release are tightly controlled by changes in intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i), which has been associated with ATP release and purinergic signaling. Despite this, the mechanisms that regulate these changes have not been identified. The pannexin 1 (Panx1) channels have canonically been implicated in ATP release, especially during inflammation. We examined Panx1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells following treatment with the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α. Analysis by whole transcriptome sequencing and immunoblot identified a dramatic increase in Panx1 mRNA and protein expression that is regulated in an NF-κB–dependent manner. Furthermore, genetic inhibition of Panx1 reduced the expression and release of IL-1β. We initially hypothesized that increased Panx1-mediated ATP release acted in a paracrine fashion to control cytokine expression. However, our data demonstrate that IL-1β expression was not altered after direct ATP stimulation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Because Panx1 forms a large pore channel, we hypothesized it may permit Ca2+ diffusion into the cell to regulate IL-1β. High-throughput flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that TNF-α treatments lead to elevated [Ca2+]i, corresponding with Panx1 membrane localization. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of Panx1 reduced TNF-α–associated increases in [Ca2+]i, blocked phosphorylation of the NF-κB–p65 protein, and reduced IL-1β transcription. Taken together, the data in our study provide the first evidence, to our knowledge, that [Ca2+]i regulation via the Panx1 channel induces a feed-forward effect on NF-κB to regulate IL-1β synthesis and release in endothelium during inflammation.
SALUTO DEL PRESIDENTE DELLâ€™ISTITUTO LOMBARDO
Authors: Beretta Silvio
Published: April 2020

Non disponibile.
Lâ€™INTERVENTO NUTRIZIONALE NEI DISTURBI DEL COMPORTAMENTO ALIMENTARE
Authors: Petroni Maria Letizia
Published: April 2020

The nutritional intervention is a cornerstone of the treatment of eating disorders. Most serious cases are being treated first by parenteral and/or enteral nutrition, carefully to prevent the re-feeding syndrome that can have fatal consequences. Once patient is clinically stable, integrated intervention can be started: medical, nutritional, psychological, motor, rehabilitation and therapeutic education may take place initially in a hospital setting and then in an outpatient setting. The nutritional rehabilitation in anorexia nervosa can be conducted with the mode of the mechanical feeding or with that of desensitization of anxiety by food. Goal is the gradual normalization of weight and nutrition and improving the quality of life of the patient.
Swallowing Problems in the Normal Ageing Population
Authors: Wilkinson Tracey , De Picciotto Janet
Published: April 2020

This study investigated the prevalence of subjectively reported swallowing problems in a group of normal ageing subjects. Twenty-five retirement village residents were included in the sample. A cross-sectional descriptive survey research design was utilised. Data was obtained through the administration of a devised interview schedule. The prevalence of reported swallowing problems in the sample was determined. The nature of the swallowing problems were examined and compared to those reported to occur in the normal ageing population. The utility of the interview schedule was critically evaluated. Results revealed an overall prevalence of 44% of subjects who experience swallowing problems that interfere with their day to day functioning. Of these, 64% experienced swallowing difficulties affecting all phases of the swallow while 36% experienced difficulties affecting the pharyngeal and oesophageal phases. The interview was found to be a useful screening measure in identifying the presence of swallowing problems. The role of the speech pathologist in dysphagia in the normal ageing population is highlighted and justified.
A Model of Frequency Coding in the Central Auditory Nervous System
Authors: Hanekom Johan J.
Published: April 2020

A phenomenological model for neural coding in the central auditory system is presented. This model is based on average rate-place codes and the hypothesis is that the rate-place code present in the population of low spontaneous rate nerve fibres is adequate to account for frequency discrimination thresholds across the entire audible frequency range. The activity of a population of nerve fibres in response to an input pure tone is calculated and a neural spike train pattern is generated. An optimal central observer estimates the input frequency from the spike train pattern. The model output is the frequency difference limen at the specific input frequency, determined from the estimated input frequency. It is shown that a rate-place code can account for psychoacoustically observed frequency difference limens. The model also supports the hypothesis that a human listener does not make full use of all the information relevant to frequency that is available in auditory nerve spike trains.
The Auditory Brainstem Response - Are South African ENT's Missing the Point?
Authors: Sahli Antonia , Ebrahim Shamim , Wilson Wayne J.
Published: April 2020

The use and misuse of the auditory brainstem response (ABR) test by hearing professionals is often related to the extent and nature of the training they have received. This study used a postal survey based questionnaire to investigate the levels of training in, knowledge about, and appropriateness of referral for, ABR testing in Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) surgeons and registrars in Gauteng, South Africa. Thirty-seven actively practising ENT specialists and registrars were sampled using a convenience sampling technique. Overall, a poor level of training and knowledge in ABR and its related areas of audiology was identified. This was mirrored by a high demand for further education. Considering the prevalence of auditory disorders in South Africa, and the push towards primary care and early intervention, this study's results highlight the need for improved training in ABR for ENT surgeons and registrars.
Prevention and treatment of the toxic tumour syndrome following primary proton beam therapy of choroidal melanomas
Authors: Kubicka-Trząska Agnieszka , Morawski Krzysztof , Markiewicz Anna , Romanowska-Dixon Bożena
Published: April 2020

Introduction

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoresection for choroidal melanoma to prevent and treat the toxic tumour syndrome (TTS).

Material and methods

Thirteen patients who underwent primary proton beam therapy (PBRT) for choroidal melanoma followed by endoresection were evaluated. Main outcome measures were functional and anatomical results, surgical complications, rate of local recurrence, presence or absence of metastatic spread.

Results

The median time of the follow-up period was 61.6 months. Six patients with clinical signs of TTS and seven with large tumours to prevent TTS underwent endoresection. Tumour thickness was 5.8 to 9.3 mm (mean: 7.6), the basal diameters were 10.6 to 15.0 mm (mean: 13.4). Preoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 6/7.5 to counting fingers and the final BCVA was 6/15 to no light perception, and was better in those treated to prevent TTS (p = 0.01). The most universal early postoperative complication was bleeding from the scleral bed. The most common late postoperative complications were epiretinal membrane formation (30.8%), cystoid macular oedema (23.1%) and silicone oil-induced glaucoma (15.4%). Two (15.4%) patients developed phthisis bulbi, neither developed local recurrence. One patient developed liver metastases.

Conclusions

Endoresection for choroidal melanoma is a safe and effective procedure with a high rate of local tumour control. The procedure appears to be useful in the prophylaxis and treatment of TTS after PBRT of choroidal melanoma.
Multidimensional measure of aggression in adolescents: Croatian validation of the Peer Conflict Scale
Authors: Drnas Marija , Bratko Denis , Pocrnić Martina
Published: April 2020

Background

In order to adequately assess aggression in adolescence, the Peer Conflict Scale (PCS) was developed. It evaluates both forms and functions of aggression (i.e. proactive overt, proactive relational, reactive overt and reactive relational aggression). The goal of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of the Croatian version of the Peer Conflict Scale.

Participants and procedure

The total sample consisted of 656 high school students from the City of Zagreb (age range 16-17, 55.33% boys). Independent exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted to determine the factor structure, and the best fitting model of the PCS on a Croatian sample.

Results

Both results of EFA and CFA support a proposed four-factor model of the instrument. Reliabilities of the instrument’s scales were acceptable. The measurement invariance across gender was established. In order to analyse the construct validity of the PCS, relations between aggression subtypes and the theoretically meaningful variable, i.e. anxiety, were assessed. Reactive rela-tional aggression had the highest correlation with anxiety, while proactive overt aggression did not correlate significantly with anxiety. Furthermore, gender differences in aggression subtypes were assessed, and were in accordance with past research.

Conclusions

Our study verifies the reliability, factor structure and construct validity of PCS in a sample of Croatian adolescents. However, the results of this study suggest that the response format should be changed. Furthermore, some items did not match well with corresponding factors and the best fitting model was the one in which those items were excluded. Therefore, we suggest that two items should be replaced with new ones.
Aftermath of pulmonary tuberculosis: computed tomography
assessment
Authors: Deshpande Sneha Satish , Joshi Anagha Rajeev , Shah Ankita
Published: April 2020

Purpose

Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) has clinically significant sequelae, even after recommended treatment completion.
It is important to recognise these sequelae for accurate assessment of severity and treatment planning, if indicated.

Material and methods

We retrospectively analysed contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scans of chest of
100 patients with previous history of treated pulmonary tuberculosis, excluding those with active pulmonary disease.
CT findings were analysed based on parenchymal, airway, pleural, mediastinal, and vascular sequelae of PTB.

Results

Parenchymal sequelae included fibrosis with architectural distortion and volume loss (90%), cavities (21%)
(with aspergillomas noted in 19% of these cases), and tuberculomas (54%). Airway involvement was noted as bronchiectasis
(77%) and bronchial stenosis (4%) but none with broncholithiasis. Mediastinal sequelae included lymph
node calcification (74%), fibrosing mediastinitis (1%), and pericardial tuberculosis (2%). Pleural sequelae included
pleural thickening (22%), with 40.9% of these patients showing calcifications, and one patient with chronic chylous
pleural effusion. Vascular sequelae included Rasmussen aneurysms (4%), enlarged bronchial arteries (3%), and
systemic bronchial collaterals in 1% of our patients

Conclusions

PTB has multiple appalling sequelae, which require due attention and appropriate treatment in symptomatic
cases. Radiological evaluation forms an integral part in patient assessment and decision making.
Image quality and radiation exposure with low-contrast-dose computed tomography angiography of the lower extremities
Authors: Assi Abed Al Nasser
Published: April 2020

Introduction

Multidetector computed tomography is the reference standard for the diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The aim of this study is to optimise the image quality of computed tomography (CT) scanning for the diagnosis of PAD with the lowest possible radiation and contrast volume.

Material and methods

Seventy-two patients were referred for evaluation of suspected PAD with CT angiography. Patients were randomly assigned to an optimise care dose of kVp – group A, n = 36; 18 men, 18 women; mean age, 63 years with standard deviation 15; range, 20-88 years (contrast volume 80-85 ml was injected automatically with bolus tracking, and group B, n = 36; 18 men, 18 women; mean age, 61 years with standard deviation 16; range, 26-88 years (contrast volume 120-140 ml was injected automatically with bolus tracking). Other scanning parameters were kept constant. Lower extremities vessel enhancement and image noise were quantified, and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were calculated. Subjective vessel contrast was assessed by two radiologists in consensus.

Result

A total of 16 cases of PAD (22.2%) were found in the evaluated of subjects (10 in group A, and six in group B). All PAD cases were detected by the two readers. There was no significant difference in the size or location of the PAD between the two groups; the average image noise was 19 HU for group A and 16 HU for group B. The difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.183). Overall, the SNR and CNR were slightly higher in group B (25.5 and 24.1, respectively) compared with group A (20 and 17.4, respectively), but those differences were not statistically significant (p = 061 and p = 0.38, respectively).

Conclusions

All patients were evaluated by lower extremities CTA protocol allowing similar image quality to be achieved in both groups, with optimised care dose for both protocols, and contrast volume was reduced by 40% in the new protocol group compared to the conventional protocol group.
The impact of obesity on inflammatory markers used in the assessment of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis – a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sharma Ashish , Kumar Ashok , Jha Alka , Agarwal Anunay , Misra Anoop
Published: April 2020

Introduction

Obesity is known to be associated with elevated levels of inflammatory markers. The aim of the study was to assess the confounding effect of obesity on the levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in low disease activity state or remission as indicated by clinical disease activity index (CDAI).

Material and methods

Adult RA patients with CDAI less than 10 were divided into two groups: obese and non-obese, based on body mass index. Relevant exclusions were applied to eliminate causes of raised inflammatory markers other than obesity. The difference of CRP and ESR levels between the obese and non-obese groups was analyzed.

Results

Obese patients with RA (n = 85) had higher CRP and ESR than non-obese patients (n = 66) (p-values 0.008 and 0.000005, respectively). In addition, obese females with RA had significantly higher CRP and ESR as compared to non-obese females. However, the difference was not significant in males. Twenty-one obese (24.7%) and two non-obese RA patients (3%) had elevated CRP (difference of approximately 22% [24.7 minus 3]). Forty obese (47%) and 16 non-obese RA patients (24.2%) had elevated ESR (difference of approximately 23% [47 minus 24.2]). Thus, obesity was the attributable cause of falsely elevated CRP and ESR in 22% and 23% of patients, respectively.

Conclusions

About one-fifth of patients with RA, who are actually in low disease activity, may have elevated inflammatory markers, primarily because of obesity. Therefore, elevated CRP and ESR in obese patients with RA should be interpreted with caution because it may lead to unnecessary overtreatment.
Psoriasis and systemic lupus erythematosus in children – literature review based on case report
Authors: Dybowska-Gołota Izabela , Owczarczyk-Saczonek Agnieszka , Krajewska-Włodarczyk Magdalena , Żuber Zbigniew
Published: April 2020

Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases are a group of diseases characterized by generalized inflammation that results from immune dysregulation, especially involving the mechanisms of acquired immunity. These diseases may be familial, showing that genetic factors play an important role in their development. Additionally, the occurrence of one disease makes a patient prone to other diseases. However, the coexistence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and psoriasis (Ps) is very rare due to their distinct genetic determinants and mechanisms of pathogenesis. Treatment is also challenging, as medications used to treat one condition exacerbate or even trigger the symptoms of the other. This paper presents the case of a Ps patient with a family history of autoimmune diseases, who developed systemic lupus erythematosus during puberty, as well as a discussion on the coexistence of SLE and Ps in developmental age based on available literature searching for PubMed database and American College of Rheumatology and European League Against Rheumatism abstracts particularly in this subject.
A plasmachemical axially symmetric self-consistent model of daytime sprite
Authors: Evtushenko Andrey , Kuterin Fedor , Svechnikova Ekaterina
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The paper presents the results of self-consistent axially symmetric modelling of a daytime sprite. Perturbations of the concentrations of ions, neutral compounds, excited atoms and molecules along with disturbances of the atmospheric conductivity and electric field due to the initiation of a daytime sprite are studied. It is shown that in daytime conditions a sprite develops in the altitude range between 50 and 70 km, which is approximately 20 km lower than the range of a typical nighttime sprite. The uncompensated charge of a parent flash is typically characterized by the impulse charge moment (ICM) of several thousands of C · km; in the modelling of a daytime sprite ICM values are assumed to lie in the range of 2000–4000 C · km. It is shown that the behaviour of the system can be described by two scenarios, with and without a rapid increase in electron concentration, which are studied in detail by assuming ICM values of 3750 C · km and 2750 C · km respectively. During a discharge with an ICM of 2750 C · km, the decrease in the concentration of electrons in the electric field is caused by their attachment to molecular oxygen, and no sharp increase in electron concentration occurs; the concentrations of the most significant ions and electrons reach unperturbed values in less than a second. For an ICM of 3750 C · km, an initial decrease in the electron concentration is followed by the formation of an avalanche of electrons characterized by an increase in their concentration by more than an order of magnitude relative to the initial value. A slight decrease in the electric field leads to another sharp decrease in the electron concentration; then relaxation of the ion concentration makes the electron concentration increase, but it is not before about one second after the discharge that the latter once again reaches the maximum value attained during the avalanche, and then it does not change much for several tens of second. A rapid increase in electron concentration occurs in the central part of a sprite, leading to the conductivity disturbance and rapid displacement of the electric field. As a result of this study, the possibility of the initiation of a daytime sprite by an extremely intense lightning discharge leading to a significant long-term perturbation of atmospheric chemical balance is demonstrated.
Phosphorus Transport in Subsurface Flow at Beech Forest Stands: Does Phosphorus Mobilization Keep up with Transport?
Authors: Rinderer Michael , Krüger Jaane , Lang Friederike , Puhlmann Heike , Weiler Markus
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Phosphorus (P) is a limiting factor of primary productivity in most forest ecosystems but little is known about retention within and losses of P from forests. Subsurface flow (SSF) is one of the important pathways of P export but few attempts exist to quantify it. We present results of sprinkling experiments with ca. 150 mm, 2H labelled, total rainfall conducted at 200 m2 plots on hillslopes with slopes between 14° and 28° at three beech forests in Germany in summer and spring. We aimed at quantifying vertical and lateral SSF and associated P transport in the forest floor, the mineral soil and the saprolite. The study sites differed regarding soil depth, skeleton content and soil P stocks (between 678 g/m2 and 209 g/m2, in the first 1 m soil depth). Vertical SSF in the mineral soil and in the saprolite was at least two orders of magnitude larger than lateral SSF in the same depth. Vertical and lateral SSF consisted mainly of pre-event water that was replaced by sprinkling water (piston flow mechanism). Short spikes of event water at the beginning of the experiment at two of the sites with high skeleton content indicate that preferential flow occurred in parallel to matrix flow. We observed a significant decrease in P concentrations in SSF with increasing soil depth suggesting effective retention of P by adsorption to soil particles in all three forest ecosystems. Higher P concentrations in SSF at the beginning of the experiments indicate nutrient flushing but P concentrations were nearly constant thereafter despite strong increase in SSF. P concentrations did also not change significantly with increasing share of event water in SSF. These chemostatic transport conditions suggests that P mobilization rates were similar to transport rates in both, P-rich and P-poor sites. The observed first flush effect implies that P export by SSF will increase as rainfall events with high transport capacity are predicted to occur more frequent under future climatic conditions.
Assessing ecosystem services under water stress in the largest inland river basin in China based on hydro-ecological modeling
Authors: Yu Yang , Disse Markus , Huttner Philipp , Chen Xi , Brieden Andreas , Hinnenthal Marie , Zhang Haiyan , Lei Jiaqiang , Zeng Fanjiang , Sun Lingxiao , Gao Yuting , Yu Ruide
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Ecological changes in arid lands are often determined by the available water resources. For ecological protection, it is important to consider both hydrological and ecological processes. This paper presents a modeling approach to assess environmental changes and ecosystem services (ESS) in the largest inland river basin in China. Current water cycle and ecosystem protection measures were simulated, and future land use change scenarios were proposed accordingly. China is on the frontline of ecosystem protection and afforestation, but according to the simulation results, the available water resources cannot support more vegetation in its largest inland river basin. Without an additional water supply, 25.9 % of the existing area of natural vegetation will be degraded by 2050. A reduction in the area of cotton plantation did not substantially reduce farming incomes in the simulation. Drip irrigation and ecological flooding was effective for improving ESS, especially agricultural provisioning and riparian forest provisioning services, as well as regulating and supporting services. The assessment of ESS can achieve socio-economic and ecological benefits in a sustainable way, and also enable the impact of the complex environmental factors to be understood. The results can be used to evaluate current situations and develop creative solutions.
Recent updates on the basic mechanisms and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases in experimental animal models
Authors: Mizoguchi Emiko , Low Daren , Ezaki Yui , Okada Toshiyuki
Published: April 2020

The specific pathogenesis underlining inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is very complicated, and it is further more difficult to clearly explain the pathophysiology of 2 major forms of IBD, Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), and both disorders affect individuals throughout life. Despite every extensive effort, the interplay among genetic factors, immunological factors, environmental factors and intestinal microbes is still completely unrevealed. Animal models are indispensable to find out mechanistic details that will facilitate better preclinical setting to target specific components involved in the pathogenesis of IBD. Based on many recent reports, dysbiosis of the commensal microbiota is implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases, not only IBD but also colon cancer, obesity, psoriasis as well as allergic disorders, in both human and animal models. Advanced technologies including cell-specific and inducible knockout systems, which are recently employed to mouse IBD models, have further enhanced the ability of developing new therapeutic strategies for IBD. Furthermore, data from these mouse models highlight the critical involvement of dysregulated immune responses and impaired colonic epithelial defense system in the pathogenesis of IBD. In this review, we will explain from the history of animal models of IBD to the recent reports of the latest compounds, therapeutic strategies, and approaches tested on IBD animal models.
Differentiation of fibrotic and inflammatory component of Crohn’s disease-associated strictures
Authors: Rimola Jordi , Capozzi Nunzia
Published: April 2020

Patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) commonly develop bowel strictures, which may contain various degrees of inflammation and fibrosis. While predominantly inflammatory strictures may benefit from a medical anti-inflammatory treatment approach, fibrotic strictures would require endoscopic balloon dilation or surgery. Cross-sectional imaging surpasses endoscopy for characterization of stenotic segments and potentially may contribute to the optimal clinical management of these patients. This short review aims to discuss the potentialities and limitations of cross-sectional imaging techniques for assessing bowel fibrosis in patients with CD.
A Critique of Some Appeals to Science in Animal Ethics
Authors: Lepeltier Thomas
Published: April 2020

To reinforce their positions, animal advocates often rely on scientific arguments. They have the impression that evolutionary theory and ethological studies, in showing that animals are related to us and that they are more intelligent than one used to think, strengthen their arguments. This article shows that, on the contrary, in most cases scientific discoveries of this kind are not useful for animal ethics. Indeed, the fact that animals are close to us is not the reason one should not exploit them. The simple knowledge that they are sentient, which predates modern science, should be sufficient. So making reference to science is often an inappropriate strategy for animal advocates.
Keeping Companion Animals: Dilemmas of Domestication
Authors: Finsen Susan M.
Published: April 2020

An overview and critical discussion of Christine Overall’s Pets and People: The Ethics of Our Relationships With Companion Animals (Oxford University Press, 2017). Argues that the book contains important contributions to many of the major ethical issues associated with the keeping of “pets” but is lacking in discussion of the most fundamental issue—namely, whether it is ethical to keep “pets” at all.
Animals, Misanthropy, and Humanity
Authors: Kidd Ian James
Published: April 2020

David E. Cooper argues that honest reflection on the ways human beings treat and compare with animals encourages a doctrine of misanthropy—a negative, critical verdict or judgment on humankind or human culture, motivated by a perception that our practices and forms of life are infused with a variety of vices and failings that are both ubiquitous and entrenched. Animals and Misanthropy develops two strategies of argumentation in support of a doctrine of misanthropy, focused on criticism of our treatment of animals and on morally unfavorable comparisons between us and them. Cooper contrasts a vice-based analysis with more familiar theories and approaches in mainstream animal ethics and then surveys a range of possible responses to misanthropy, which he labels “optimism,” “pessimism,” and “quietism.” I identify two omissions from the book’s discussion, namely, veganism and a set of vices not mentioned by Cooper, consideration of which can amplify the case for misanthropy.
Life-threatening laryngeal attacks in hereditary angioedema patients
Authors: Piotrowicz-Wójcik Katarzyna , Porebski Grzegorz
Published: April 2020

Background: Hereditary angioedema due to C1-inhibitor deficiency (HAE-C1INH) is a rare genetic disease that runs in the family. As a result of the disease, acute swellings of the subcutaneous tissue and mucous membranes of the digestive and respiratory systems, including the larynx, occur. Any attack of the disease involving the throat and larynx is particularly dangerous and requires knowledge of clinical determinants of the disease and its proper management.
Materials and methods: The study included adult consecutive HAE-C1INH patients having follow-up visits in our centre. The group was examined with a structured clinical questionnaire, concerning the last 6 months and focusing particularly on laryngeal swelling attacks.
Results: 55 subjects (F/M – 35/20, age range – 18–76) were included in the study. Laryngeal attacks occurred in 19 individuals (34.5%): 1–3, 4–6, and ≥7 attacks in 9, 8 and 2 patients, respectively, two of whom required intubation. In comparison to other patients, subjects with laryngeal attacks were characterised by significantly more frequent: (1) facial attacks, (2) severe disease activity, (3) the occurrence of female patients, (4) mental stress as a trigger of attacks. All patients with laryngeal attacks had a rescue medication at home and 15/19 (78%) patients could use it at home. Most of them used plasma-derived C1-inhibitor 17/19 (89.5%) and icatibant, 8/19 (42.1%).
Discussion: HAE-C1INH patients with laryngeal attacks require particular attention. Proper training regarding the identification of these patients, adequate management, access to emergency services and emergency drugs are essential to ensure the safety of subjects with this localization of HAE-C1INH attacks.
Application of ESWT in post-operative treatment in carpal tunnel syndrome - a review
Authors: Ambroziak Maciej
Published: April 2020

The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential use of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) in the post-operative treatment of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. A body of evidence validates the use of ESWT in various medical areas, mostly in nephrolithiasis, but also in a number of musculoskeletal conditions and in wound healing. Our knowledge about the use of ESWT in carpal tunnel syndrome seems sparse, which combined with a lack of reference values, forms a major limitation of the use of ESWT in this condition.
Formidlingsfellesskap i oversatt sakprosa: Pax Artes – et lite stykke Frankrike
Authors: Uvsløkk Geir
Published: April 2020

Artikkelen er en undersøkelse av hvordan involverte aktører har arbeidet for å skape interesse for fransk filosofi blant humanistisk orienterte lesere i Norge via serien Pax Artes – både gjennom lovord og kritikk. For å gjøre rede for dette ser jeg nærmere på rollene til de navngitte aktørene som er involvert i fem oversettelser av franske filosofer, samt resepsjonen av disse utgivelsene. Det teoretiske rammeverket som brukes, er en forståelse av samspillet rundt utgivelsene som et «formidlingsfellesskap», samt anvendelser av Genettes begrep «paratekst» og Bourdieus begrep «symbolsk kapital»: Jeg undersøker hvordan serien, oversettelsene og de involverte aktørene tilskrives symbolsk kapital – eller kritiseres – i parateksten. Gjennom en kombinasjon av grundig akademisk håndverk, gjennomtenkt formgivning og seriøs kritikk forsøker aktørene å formidle et sentralt, men i utgangspunktet komplisert filosofisk tankegods, til et bredere publikum enn det rent akademiske.
Some techniques for the study of useful characters in the taxonomy of the genus Timarcha Samouelle, 1819 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Daccordi Mauro , Bollino Maurizio , Vela José Miguel
Published: April 2020

Historically the taxonomy of the genus Timarcha has been, and continues to be, quite confusing and largely erroneous. The confusion is mainly due to the absence of reliable traits that aid in precise identification; the lack of study of types at species-level has also contributed to the difficulty in the taxonomy. To improve this situation, we propose techniques for the dissection and study of three useful diagnostic characters such as the vestiture of the sole of female tarsi, and the morphology of the endophallus and its sclerites in males. These features combined are distinctive for each of the species and can help to resolve the taxonomy of the genus.
Port-City Development: The Spanish Case
Authors: López-Bermúdez Beatriz , Freire-Seoane Maria Jesus , Pais-Montes Carlos , Lesta-Casal Emilio
Published: April 2020

The objective of this paper is to try to evaluate the port-city relationship from its onset, taking into account the challenges of port 4.0. Indicators such as the percentage of employees participating in training programs, the percentage of female employees in Galician ports, the percentage of merchandise moved by private operators and the percentage of companies with quality certification in Galician ports are evaluated. The fourth revolution is based on the transition from current fossil fuel-based energy models to alternative energy sources, changes in the logistics and transport parameters and finally, on the elimination of intermediation. The key component of the third pillar of new Economy 4.0 is complete digitalization. The optimum port-city solution must address the need of both the urban planner and the port manager to evaluate potential measures that would alleviate the pressure of dedicated port facilities on the city and vice versa to the greatest extent possible.
Un concurso de síntomas o la enfermedad como categoría plástica: la esclavitud negra en Santiago de Chile, 1740-1823
Authors: Araya Fuentes Tamara Alicia
Published: April 2020

Objective/Context: Revisiting disease as a category of analysis characterized by its plasticity, while at the same time highlighting how it can help understand particularities of black slavery in late-colonial Chile. In particular, it seeks to appreciate how some ailments, or certain contexts in which they were revealed, expose conflicts between slaves and their owners, or between different masters, as well as certain limits of slavery, such as the difficulty in performing domestic chores. Originality: It highlights the analytical possibilities of disease as a category for understanding slavery resulting from the transatlantic trade in Chile, and underlines that it played a role in challenges to slavery, in some cases brought forward by enslaved people themselves. Methodology: This article is in dialogue with historiographies that place disease as a category, along with those that work on the history of Afro-descendant slavery. Various aspects of slavery are seen through the lens of thirty legal proceedings in which slaves appear with illnesses, injuries and ailments in the courts of justice of Santiago, at the time part of the General Captaincy of Chile, between 1740 and 1823. Conclusions: I argue that disease has a double plasticity, or two ways in which this particularity is revealed: one is the result of its elusive character, and the other is the product of how it was used in a particular judicial context by enslaved people, slave owners, and participants in related litigation. Furthermore, the plasticity of disease as a category exposes aspects of slavery as a system that implies the coercion of the enslaved body.