bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Königliche und fürstliche Strandrechtsprivilegien für hansische Kaufleute und Städte IM südlichen Ostseeraum (13.-15. Jahrhundert)
Authors: Huschner Wolfgang
Published: July 2022

Insgesamt kommen mittelalterliche Regelungen über das Strandrecht im Ostseeraum vor allem in kaiserlichen, königlichen, fürstlichen, päpstlichen und erzbischöflichen Urkunden sowie in Bündnis- und Friedensverträgen vor. Auf Initiative der Städte wurden in erster Linie solche Dokumente, die ein unverändertes Eigentumsrecht nach Schiffbrüchen verbrieften, am häufigsten abgeschrieben sowie als Referenzdokumente bei Verhandlungen um die angestrebte Ausstellung neuer Privilegien verwendet. Die Repräsentanten der Städte entschieden offenbar in Abhängigkeit von der jeweiligen konkreten Situation, auf welche dokumentierten Verfügungen über die Beseitigung oder Einschränkung des traditionellen Strandrechtes man sich jeweils berief. Dauerhafte und flächendeckende Rechtssicherheit wurde für die Kaufleute und Seefahrer im Ostseeraum bis zum Ende des 15. Jahrhunderts weder durch kaiserliche, königliche und fürstliche noch durch päpstliche Verfügungen über das Strandrecht erreicht. Die häufigen Abschriften und Neuausstellungen solcher Urkunden zeugen aber davon, dass sie für die Kaufleute und Seefahrer bei Verhandlungen über die Lösung von Konfliktsituationen nach Schiffbrüchen äußerst relevant waren.
Generally speaking, medieval regulations concerning the law of shipwreck in the Baltic Sea Region can be found mainly in imperial, royal, princely, papal and archiepiscopal charters as well as in treaties of alliance and peace. On the initiative of the cities, it were primarily those documents which confirmed an unchanged right of ownership in case of shipwrecks which were most commonly copied or used as reference documents in negotiations about the desired issuance of new privileges. Apparently in dependance on the concrete situation, the representatives of the cities decided which documented decrees about the abolition or limitation of the traditional law of shipwreck were to be invoked in each case. Until the end of the XVth century, a state of permanent and comprehensive legal certainty for the merchants and mariners in the Baltic Sea Region could not be reached neither by imperial, royal or princely nor by papal decrees concerning the law of shipwreck. However, the quite common copies and reissues of such charters prove that they were of high relevance for merchants and mariners during negotiations about the resolution of conflicts arising from shipwrecks.
Contrats commerciaux maritimes des marchands du Nord-Ouest atlantique portugais au début de l’époque moderne
Authors: Marques José , Cristina Cunha Maria , João Oliveira Silva Maria
Published: July 2022

Il est possible que l’extension de l’espace commercial portugais et la multiplication des situations nécessitant la rédaction des contrats ayant une valeur juridique incontestable aient été rapidement accompagnés, au XVe siècle, de l’augmentation de la production documentaire. Cependant, du point de vue de la conservation documentaire, seuls des registres notariés du début de l’époque moderne ont survécu d’une façon plus ou moins systématique. Sur la base des registres des tabellions de la fin du XVIe siècle, les auteurs juridiques des actes liés au commerce national et international, ainsi que la finalité et les fonctions juridiques de ces documents sont analysés. Étant donné l’absence au Portugal d’études consacrées à la documentation commerciale, une première approche typologique des actes de commerce est ici fournie dans le cadre du système documentaire des XVe et XVIe siècles, accompagnée d’une réflexion sur certaines questions générales et fondamentales.
It is possible that along the XVth century, the extension of the Portuguese commercial space as well as the increasing number of situations requiring the drafting of contracts with legal value, went together with the increasing of the production of documents. However, from the point of view of document’s conservation, only the notarial books of the early modern period survived more or less systematically. Having the late XVIth century notarial books as a basis for work, the granters, the purpose and legal functions of acts related to national and international trade are analyzed. Given the absence in Portugal of studies devoted to commercial documentation, a first approach is taken to the typology of commercial acts within the framework of the documentary system of the XVth and XVIth centuries. This analysis is supplemented by a reflection on certain general questions and background.
El comercio por escrito
Authors: Rojas García Reyes
Published: July 2022

La documentación mercantil, generada por distintos agentes económicos, es variada y se caracteriza por su «atipicidad», que le hace evolucionar en función de las necesidades de estos agentes. A los tradicionales documentos de constitución de compañía, cambios, obligaciones o fletamentos, podemos añadir otros, como conocimientos de embarque, fianzas o pólizas de seguros marítimos que se encuentran abundantemente entre la documentación de las compañías mercantiles y bancos. En su conjunto podemos afirmar que evidencian la organización de estas compañías y la participación, en su producción, de otras instituciones además del notariado público que generan documentos plenamente válidos para estas transacciones.
Merchant documentation, generated by several economic agents, is varied and it´s characterized by its atypical nature, which makes it evolve according to the needs of these agents. To the traditional documents such as certificates of incorporation, changes or charterings, we could add others, for instance: bills of lading or maritime insurance certificates which are widely found in trading companies and banks documentation. Taken together, we might say that they evince the organisation of these companies and the participation, in their production, of other institutions in addition to public notaries who generate fully valid documents for these transactions.
Los documentos del comercio con América y los protocolos notariales de Sevilla (1500-1550)
Authors: Luisa Domínguez-Guerrero Maria , Ostos-Salcedo Pilar
Published: July 2022

Durante el siglo XVI, debido al sistema de monopolio instaurado por los Reyes Católicos en 1503, Sevilla se convirtió en el único puerto desde el que podían partir las naves que comunicarían la Metrópoli con las nuevas tierras americanas. Fue ante los escribanos públicos de esta ciudad donde se llevaron a cabo la mayor parte de los contratos entre los distintos protagonistas del comercio con América: banqueros, mercaderes, dueños y capitanes de navíos, marineros, artesanos, etc. A través del análisis de los fondos notariales de estos escribanos públicos, este trabajo se adentra en los distintos tipos documentales que fueron empleados para el comercio americano, describiendo sus características principales y su frecuencia de aparición en los registros notariales.Along the XVIth century, due to the monopolist system established by the Catholic Monarchs in 1503, Sevilla became the only port allowed to send and receive ships travelling to the New World. Therefore, the public notaries in the city where responsible for most notarized documents made by people involved in the American trade: bankers, merchants, owners and captains of ships, sailors, artisans, etc. Through the analysis of the notarial sources from these public scribes, this paper delves on the different notarized documents used for the American commerce, describing its main characteristics and the frequency with which these documents appear in the public registers.
Exploring the Public Health and Safety Importance of a Corporate Chief Public Health Officer in Food Service and Food Production Organizations
Authors: Zanganeh Kiana S. , Burrell Darrell Norman
Published: July 2022

The U.S. federal government has deemed workers in the food and agricultural sectors an essential part of the country’s national infrastructure. In the United States 3.4 million people work in food production businesses. While most of the food production employees are White (51%), Hispanic workers (34%) comprise more than double as many food manufacturing employees equated to their share of all workers (17%). These statistics stress the organizational and community value of having a prominent public health professional in organizations to create holistic corporate public health strategies that protect the employees and the communities they inhabit. With emergence of food poisoning outbreaks and the COVID-19 pandemic, the need for a Chief Public Health Officer in various organizations has never been more critical. Having a chief public health officer is essential for public health and safety because many food production workers in restaurants, food manufacturing facilities, resorts, and on cruise ships need training, clear policies, and resources to protect themselves and customers.
Business Intelligence Adoption and Implementation Risk in SMEs
Authors: Poba-Nzaou Placide , Galani Malatsi , Aloui Chaima
Published: July 2022

Business Intelligence – BI systems are increasingly accessible to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Like all Information Systems (IS), their implementation is very risky by nature. Several scholars underscore that IS risk management is more effective when initiated earlier in the system life cycle, as early as at the adoption. The objective of this research is to describe and understand the process of BI adoption in SMEs focusing on the management of implementation risk of from the adoption stage using an interpretive holistic single-case study of a small manufacturing firm in Tunisia in Africa that successfully adopted a BI system. Consistent with previous research, the study shows that in order to manage the implementation risk during the adoption stage, SMEs can proceed in a way that is more efficient for them that is rather intuitive, informal and unstructured, which is, however, explicitly based on an architecture of principles, policies and practices. The main limitation of the study is related to the qualitative single case study design.
BIM as a Learning Tool in Design Studio
Authors: Uzun Türkan , Çakır Hülya Soydaş
Published: July 2022

Building Information Modelling (BIM) can be considered as a design thinking tool in architecture besides its technical aspects. Many of the companies and countries commonly prefer using BIM in projects. The development of BIM in the AEC industry points out its adoption in education. BIM in architectural design education has to be searched for the current state. This research investigates the determination of benefits and awareness of BIM in design courses and architectural education. The effects of associating BIM education with the design studio are observed through a case study. The development of design processes by using BIM tools is observed. The study helps to investigate the use and adoption of BIM in design education.
Industry 4.0 Conceptual Awareness of University Students
Authors: Zan Burcu Umut , Altay Ahmet
Published: July 2022

In recent years, developments in information and communication technologies, like cloud computing, artificial intelligence, internet of things (IoT), big data, advanced robotics technologies, etc. have revealed the concept of digital transformation. It is not possible for the scientific world to remain irrelevant to the issue of digital transformation, which has such a great impact. When the literature is scannedit, it is seen that each discipline examines "digital transformation" from its own perspective. In this study, the awareness of the students studying in the Information and Records Management Department of the university regarding the concepts of industry 4.0 was investigated. In this study; quantitative research methods were used and the data were collected with using the Industry 4.0 Conceptual Awareness Scale. The scale includes 29 concepts that entered our lives with industry 4.0. In the research, it was investigated how well the students had mastered the related concepts. The result shows that the students are not very familiar with the concepts of industry 4.0 yet.
Soybean tolerance to defoliation at the vegetative and reproductive stages as a function of water restriction
Authors: Leolato Lucieli Santini , Sangoi Luís , Souza Clovis Arruda , Kuneski Hugo François , Scherer Rafael Leandro , Oliveira Vander de Liz , Martins Junior Marcos Cardoso , Kandler Rodrigo
Published: July 2022

Water deficiency reduces leaf expansion and photosynthetic efficiency, potentially reducing the ability to withstand leaf area (LA) loss. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of water restriction on soybean tolerance to defoliation in the vegetative and reproductive periods of development. Two experiments were conducted in a greenhouse located in Lages, Santa Catarina State Brazil, during the 2017/2018 growing season. Cultivar NA 5909 RG was subjected to three WR levels (none, moderate, and severe) and five defoliation levels (0, 17, 33, 50, and 67%). Defoliation occurred at the V6 stage in the first experiment and R3 in the second. WR occurred for 7 days after defoliation. LA at R2 and R5 after defoliation at V6 and R3 decreased by 27.5 and 64.6%, respectively, regardless of WR. LA between V6 and R2 was not influenced by WR or defoliation. Moderate or severe WR reduced plant ability to recover LA between R3 and R5. Severe WR decreased grain production by 22.2% in the vegetative period and 21.2% per plant in the reproductive period compared to that of the control, regardless of defoliation. The highest defoliation level reduced grain production per plant by 24.7 and 24.3% relative to the control at stages V6 and R3, respectively, regardless of WR. WR imposed at the vegetative and reproductive stages did not increase defoliation sensitivity.
Mycorrhization of strawberry plantlets potentiates the synthesis of phytochemicals during ex vitro acclimatization
Authors: Chiomento José Luís Trevizan , Nardi Fabiola Stockmans de , Filippi Débora , Trentin Thomas dos Santos , Anzolin Ana Paula , Bertol Charise Dallazem , Nienow Alexandre Augusto , Calvete Eunice Oliveira
Published: July 2022

Ex vitro strawberry plantlets from micropropagation and coinoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and biochar can provide beneficial health effects. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of different proportions of biochar in the presence and absence of AMF on the production of secondary metabolites in the leaves and roots of strawberry plantlets during ex vitro acclimatization. Additionally, the enzymatic activity of the substrate enriched with AMF and biochar was analyzed. The experiment consisted of the control (absence of the mycorrhizal community) and four biochar proportions (0, 3, 6, and 9% of the volume of the container) coinoculated with AMF. Plantlets produced on substrates enriched with AMF showed higher levels of polyphenols, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and tannins in the tissues analyzed than control plantlets. The combination of AMF and 9% biochar increased the content of total flavonoids in the leaves of strawberry plantlets and increased the activity of phosphatase. The substrate with up to 6% biochar and mycorrhizae showed increased β-glucosidase activity. In conclusion, mycorrhizae are excellent tools to improve the phytochemical quality of strawberry plantlets acclimatized ex vitro. The association between host plants, mycorrhizal symbionts, and bioactivators of these fungi potentiates properties beneficial to health, which can be exploited efficiently in sustainable agriculture.
Productivity and grain size of coffee grown in different weed management systems
Authors: Zaidan Ursula Ramos , Campos Renata Cássia , Faria Rodrigo Magalhães , Zaidan Iasmine Ramos , Souza Wendel Magno de , Santos Ricardo Henrique Silva , Freitas Francisco Cláudio Lopes de
Published: July 2022

Intensive weed management is one of the most common practices in coffee cultivation areas. Consequently, some problems, such as soil degradation and the selection of herbicide resistant weed, have increased over time, but, if properly managed, weeds at coffee planting inter-rows can offer benefits of erosion control, nutrient recycling and crop sustainability. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of different weed management strategies on the productivity and coffee grain size, i.e., quality. The experiment is installed onto a resprouting Coffea arabica L. site, four years after it was established. Treatments are implanted at planting inter-row Urochloa ruziziensis, Pueraria phaseoloides, and spontaneous vegetation maintained by mowing, herbicides, and weeding. To measure dry matter accumulation, samples are taken with a 0.25 m2 square template at plots maintained by mowing and herbicide application. To evaluate the yield and granulometry, coffee fruits are harvested, processed and classified in a set of 14 sieves (grouped in flat or “moca” shapes). The methods of controlling herbicide and weeding show significance in relation to grain production, with the production of grains having a higher market value standing out, when compared with the other treatments. The accumulation of dry matter above soil, in treatments with herbicides and spontaneous vegetation positively influenced the early coffee productivity (2018), and with U. ruziziensis and spontaneous vegetation, positively influenced the productivity of late harvest (2019). The accumulation of dry matter on the soil tends to be positively linked to coffee productivity, especially in periods when there is a shortage of rain in the region under study; however, it cannot be stated that this influence relationship (causality) has a direct positive effect between dry matter mass production and productivity of future coffee plantations.
Oxidative damage associated with salt stress during germination and initial development of purple corn seedlings
Authors: Alves Rafael Mateus , Silva Monalisa Alves Diniz da , Silva Elania Freire da , Hermínio Pedro José , Gomes-Junior Francisco Guilhien
Published: July 2022

In various parts of the world, agricultural exploitation faces saline soil or water, such that cultivable species tend to be limited regarding the establishment of seedlings, with effects on productivity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of salinity levels associated with different temperatures on the germination, initial development, and oxidative damage indicators of purple corn seedlings. The experiment was completely randomized in a 5 × 2 factorial design (moistening of the germination paper with 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mM NaCl solutions at temperatures of 25 and 30°C). The parameters evaluated were germination, growth, and oxidative damage indicators at the seedling phase. The germinative decline and initial development of purple corn seedlings, regardless of the temperature (25 and 30°C), reflected oxidative damage resulting from saline stress. Although deleterious effects of salinity were observed, a temperature of 30°C provided greater length and accumulation of dry mass of purple corn seedlings compared to the effects at 25°C. Total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total carotenoids, and lipid peroxidation, regardless of the temperature (25 and 30°C), were identified as sensitive biochemical indicators for the detection of physiological quality of purple corn seedlings subjected to NaCl.
Peach and nectarine susceptibility to brown rot and protocol optimization to evaluate Monilinia fructicola sporulation
Authors: Dini Maximiliano , Raseira Maria do Carmo Bassols , Scariotto Silvia , Carpenedo Silvia , Ueno Bernardo
Published: July 2022

The fungus Monilinia fructicola, which causes brown rot in fruits, is one of the main peach pathogens. The emergence of fungicide-resistant fungus isolates, as well as the attempt to reduce sprays, favors adoption of other control strategies. Among them, one of the most important is genetic resistance. This study was carried out aiming to evaluate the susceptibility of 16 peach and 4 nectarine genotypes to brown rot, as well as to evaluate how well the sporulation area and diameter correlate with number of spores in the lesions. Both wounded and non-wounded fruits were inoculated with 10 μL of M. fructicola suspension. Wounded fruits from all genotypes (nectarines and peaches) showed susceptibility to M. fructicola, from 92 to 100% of incidence. The disease incidence was between 18 and 100% when non-wounded fruits were inoculated. High variability was detected for the fungus sporulation, in both wounded and non-wounded fruits, with ranges between 16 to 96% and 0 to 94%, respectively. The fungus sporulation was variable among the genotypes (between 0.1 to 96.0 conidia per mm2) and it is positively correlated with the diameter and area of sporulation. The genotypes Conserva 947, Conserva 1662, Conserva 672, Conserva 1600, and 'Bolinha', are the ones with less susceptible to brown rot.
Multi-trait selection of tomato introgression lines under drought-induced conditions at germination and seedling stages
Authors: Pessoa Herika , Rocha João Romero do Amaral Santos de Carvalho , Alves Flavia Maria , Copati Mariane Gonçalves Ferreira , Dariva Françoise Dalprá , Silva Laércio Junio da , Carneiro Pedro Crescêncio , Nick Carlos
Published: July 2022

To be considered drought-tolerant, a tomato cultivar is required to present some level of tolerance at all developmental stages of plant growth. Since drought tolerance is a stage-specific phenomenon, genotype assessment must be performed separately at all developmental stages. In this study, we used a multi-trait index based on factor analysis and genotype-ideotype distance (FAI-BLUP index) to properly rank 49 tomato genotypes according to their tolerance to drought stress conditions at germination and seedling stages. Seeds of 47 introgression lines, which cultivar M82 is considered drought-sensitive, and the Solanum pennellii wild accession LA 716, which is considered drought-tolerant, were subjected to a control condition, where seeds were soaked in distilled water, and a drought condition, where seeds were soaked in a polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution (-0.3 MPa). Drought stress, induced by PEG, had a significant impact on all nine germination and growth performance-related traits; there was a reduction in shoot length (SL), total length (TL), initial germination percentage (IGP), final germination percentage (FGP), germination velocity index (GVI), and germination rate (GR). In contrast, the root-to-shoot ratio (R/S) and time to reach 50% germination (T50) increased under drought stress. Root length (RL) was less affected by drought, and in some genotypes, it was even increased. As expected, LA 716 ranked closest to the drought tolerance ideotype. IL 1-4-18, IL 2-3, IL 1-2, IL 9-2, and IL 10-1 were the most drought-tolerant at the germination stage. These results will serve as guidance for breeders who are aiming at developing drought-resistant tomato cultivars.
Histomorphometric changes of testicular tissues by season and age of Algerian local donkeys (Equus asinus)
Authors: Aissanou Sofiane , Ayad Abdelhanine
Published: July 2022

The present investigation was undertaken to highlight the histomorphometric changes of testicular tissues according to season and age in donkeys (Equus asinus) under northern Algeria conditions. The experiment was conducted from February 2019 to January 2020. A total of 21 sexually mature donkeys were selected randomly. The testis were immediately collected after slaughter for the histological observation. The analysis of the correlation coefficients shows negative correlations between DL and other parameters such as DST, GCEH, TTA and ITSA, ranged between -0.24 and -0.79. Also, there were a high negative correlations between season and the histomorphometric parameters, except DL was revealed positive (r=0.65). On the other hand, there were positive correlations between age and testicular histomorphometrics parameters. The results indicated that DST, GCEH, TTA and ITSA values were significantly higher in winter and autumn seasons than in spring and summer seasons. It is also noteworthy that DST, GCEH, TTA and ITSA values were significantly higher in adult and aged donkeys than in young donkeys. Our comparative analysis of histological parameters, suggests that the sexual activity usually occurs during winter and autumn in local donkeys of Algeria. In addition, our results of histomorphometric of testicular tissues are correlated with age of donkeys.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Dysregulated Autophagy in Human Pancreatic Beta Cells
Authors: Moon Seoil , Jung Hye Seung
Published: July 2022

Pancreatic beta cell homeostasis is crucial for the synthesis and secretion of insulin; disruption of homeostasis causes diabetes, and is a treatment target. Adaptation to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress through the unfolded protein response (UPR) and adequate regulation of autophagy, which are closely linked, play essential roles in this homeostasis. In diabetes, the UPR and autophagy are dysregulated, which leads to beta cell failure and death. Various studies have explored methods to preserve pancreatic beta cell function and mass by relieving ER stress and regulating autophagic activity. To promote clinical translation of these research results to potential therapeutics for diabetes, we summarize the current knowledge on ER stress and autophagy in human insulin-secreting cells.
New, Novel Lipid-Lowering Agents for Reducing Cardiovascular Risk: Beyond Statins
Authors: Kim Kyuho , Ginsberg Henry N. , Choi Sung Hee
Published: July 2022

Statins are the cornerstone of the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, even under optimal statin therapy, a significant residual ASCVD risk remains. Therefore, there has been an unmet clinical need for novel lipid-lowering agents that can target low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and other atherogenic particles. During the past decade, several drugs have been developed for the treatment of dyslipidemia. Inclisiran, a small interfering RNA that targets proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), shows comparable effects to that of PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies. Bempedoic acid, an ATP citrate lyase inhibitor, is a valuable treatment option for the patients with statin intolerance. Pemafibrate, the first selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha modulator, showed a favorable benefit-risk balance in phase 2 trial, but the large clinical phase 3 trial (PROMINENT) was recently stopped for futility based on a late interim analysis. High dose icosapent ethyl, a modified eicosapentaenoic acid preparation, shows cardiovascular benefits. Evinacumab, an angiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3) monoclonal antibody, reduces plasma LDL-C levels in patients with refractory hypercholesterolemia. Novel antisense oligonucleotides targeting apolipoprotein C3 (apoC3), ANGPTL3, and lipoprotein(a) have significantly attenuated the levels of their target molecules with beneficial effects on associated dyslipidemias. Apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) is considered as a potential treatment to exploit the athero-protective effects of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), but solid clinical evidence is necessary. In this review, we discuss the mode of action and clinical outcomes of these novel lipid-lowering agents beyond statins.
Renoprotective Mechanism of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors: Focusing on Renal Hemodynamics
Authors: Kim Nam Hoon , Kim Nan Hee
Published: July 2022

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a prevalent renal complication of diabetes mellitus that ultimately develops into end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) when not managed appropriately. Substantial risk of ESKD remains even with intensive management of hyperglycemia and risk factors of DKD and timely use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone inhibitors. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce hyperglycemia primarily by inhibiting glucose and sodium reabsorption in the renal proximal tubule. Currently, their effects expand to prevent or delay cardiovascular and renal adverse events, even in those without diabetes. In dedicated renal outcome trials, SGLT2 inhibitors significantly reduced the risk of composite renal adverse events, including the development of ESKD or renal replacement therapy, which led to the positioning of SGLT2 inhibitors as the mainstay of chronic kidney disease management. Multiple mechanisms of action of SGLT2 inhibitors, including hemodynamic, metabolic, and anti-inflammatory effects, have been proposed. Restoration of tubuloglomerular feedback is a plausible explanation for the alteration in renal hemodynamics induced by SGLT2 inhibition and for the associated renal benefit. This review discusses the clinical rationale and mechanism related to the protection SGLT2 inhibitors exert on the kidney, focusing on renal hemodynamic effects.
Misdiagnosis Features of Ancient Clinical Records Based on Apriori Algorithm
Authors: Yu Ling
Published: July 2022

Objective:

To analyze misdiagnosis features in clinical cases of “Classified Medical Cases of Famous Physicians” and “Supplement to Classified Case Records of Celebrated Physicians.”

Materials and Methods:

Two hundred and five ancient misdiagnosed cases were analyzed in aspects of locations (exterior-interior type, qi-blood type and Zang-Fu organs type) and patterns (heat-cold type and deficiency-excess type) by Apriori Algorithm Method.

Results:

The main types of misdiagnosis in those medical casesare as follows:: Zang-Fu location misjudgment, misjudging the interior as the exterior, misjudging deficiency pattern as excess pattern, and misjudging cold pattern as heat pattern. Among them, the most outstanding type is the misjudgment of deficiency–cold pattern as excess–heat pattern.

Conclusions:

(1) Accurate judgment of location and differentiation of deficiency and excess patterns are the key points in diagnosing the diseases correctly. The confusion of true deficiency–cold and pseudo-excess–heat pattern should be taken seriously. (2) Data mining on ancient clinical cases offers a new methodology for assisting clinical diagnosis of traditional Chinese medicine.
Sinology in Seattle: The University of Washington and its Influence on the Study of Chinese Medicine
Authors: Bradley Sean
Published: July 2022

The University of Washington has played a pivotal role in the field of sinology with faculty and alumni producing major publications in Chinese history, literature, phonetics, and linguistics. These contributions have been instrumental in the development of sinology as a field and have both directly and indirectly influenced the study of Chinese Medicine. By tracing the history of the Department of Asian Languages and Literature and examining several major figures, we can better understand how these individuals shaped the development of Chinese Medicine and contributed to its spread worldwide.
An Exploration of the Original Meaning and Connotation of Daoyin from “Movement” and “Essential Qi”
Authors: Shen Xiaodong , Ding Jie , Xu Feng , Li Xiaoqing
Published: July 2022

Now, daoyin has developed into a complete set of conventional movement patterns, such as Baduanjin, Yijinjing, and Wuqinxi. However, the original meaning and the connotation of daoyin is ignored by people gradually, which will hinder the development of daoyin and make the specific application difficult. In this article, we will explore the basic composition of the daoyin – “movement” and its intrinsic basis – “essential qi” to think about the original meaning and connotation of daoyin.
Multiplicity one theorems for the generalized doubling method (with an appendix by Avraham Aizenbud and Dmitry Gourevitch)
Authors: Gourevitch Dmitry , Kaplan Eyal
Published: July 2022

We prove the local multiplicity at most one theorem underlying the definition and theory of local

\gamma

-,

\epsilon

- and

L

-factors, defined by virtue of the generalized doubling method, over any local field of characteristic 0. We also present two applications: one to the existence of local factors for genuine representations of covering groups, the other to the global unfolding argument of the doubling integral.
Lifting theorems for completely positive maps
Authors: Gabe James
Published: July 2022

We prove lifting theorems for completely positive maps going out of exact

C^*

-algebras, where we remain in control of which ideals are mapped into which. A consequence is, that if

\mathsf X

is a second countable topological space,

\mathfrak A

and

\mathfrak B

are separable, nuclear

C^*

-algebras over

\mathsf X

, and the action of

\mathsf X

on

\mathfrak A

is continuous, then

E(\mathsf X; \mathfrak A, \mathfrak B) \cong KK(\mathsf X; \mathfrak A, \mathfrak B)

naturally. As an application, we show that a separable, nuclear, strongly purely infinite

C^*

-algebra

\mathfrak A

absorbs a strongly self-absorbing

C^*

-algebra

\mathscr D

if and only if

\mathfrak I

and

\mathfrak I\otimes \mathscr D

are

KK

-equivalent for every two-sided, closed ideal

\mathfrak I

in

\mathfrak A

. In particular, if

\mathfrak A

is separable, nuclear, and strongly purely infinite, then

\mathfrak A \otimes \mathcal O_2 \cong \mathfrak A

if and only if every two-sided, closed ideal in

\mathfrak A

is

KK

-equivalent to zero.
Antimicrobial Activity of Ovotransferrin Loaded Fish Gelatin Electrospun Nanofibers Against Some Pathogens Originated from Fish Products
Authors: Alp-Erbay Esen , Yesilsu Ahmet Faruk , Türe Mustafa
Published: July 2022

Fish and fishery products rich in nutrients are sensitive to microbial spoilage even at cold temperatures. Cold water fish gelatin including various amounts of ovotransferrin was electrospun in order to obtain antimicrobial nanofibers. The obtained electrospun nanofibers were subjected to disc diffusion method to determine antimicrobial activity against Shewanella putrefaciens, Pseudomonas spp., Flavobacterium psychrophilum and E. coli originated from fish. Morphological characterization as well as mechanical strength of electrospun nanofibers were determined. High amounts of ovotransferrin exhibited elevated antimicrobial activity. Mostly inhibited bacteria by 15% ovotransferrin was E. coli with an inhibition zone diameter of 19±0.2 mm. Mats containing 15% ovotransferrin showed an inhibition zone diameter of 18±0.5 mm, 19±0.5 mm and 18±1.0 mm against Pseudomonas florescens, Flavobacterium psychrophilum and Shewanella putrefaciens respectively. Ovotransferrin content of 5% showed an inhibition zone diameter of 14±0.3 mm, 12±1.0 mm and 11±0.5 mm against Pseudomonas florescens, Flavobacterium psychrophilum and Shewanella putrefaciens respectively. Fish gelatin had a hydrophilic character according to the contact angle measurements which got worse by incorporating ovotransferrin. Ovotransferrin including nanofibers exhibited poor mechanical characterization which is attributed to weakened fish gelatin molecular bonding in presence of higher amounts of ovotransferrin. Neat gelatin had reasonable tensile strength comparing to other specimens. As a result, ovotransferrin incorporated fish gelatin electrospun nanofibers are promising in inhibiting fish originated microorganisms.
Performance of the Machine Learning on Controlling the Pneumatic Suspension of Automobiles on the Rigid and Off-Road Surfaces
Authors:   Hubei Polytechnic University, School of Mathematical and Physical, China Content by authors affiliated with Hubei Polytechnic University, School of Mathematical and Physical, China, Xu Siping , Nguyen Vanliem ,   Hubei Polytechnic University, School of Mathematical and Physical, China Content by authors affiliated with Hubei Polytechnic University, School of Mathematical and Physical, China, Li Shiming ,   Hubei Polytechnic University, School of Mathematical and Physical, China Content by authors affiliated with Hubei Polytechnic University, School of Mathematical and Physical, China, Ni Dengke ,   Hubei Polytechnic University, School of Mathematical and Physical, China Content by authors affiliated with Hubei Polytechnic University, School of Mathematical and Physical, China
Published: July 2022

To enhance the ride comfort and control performance of the semi-active pneumatic suspension system (PSS) of automobiles on the different road surfaces, a machine learning method (MLM) developed on the optimal control rules of the fuzzy logic control is proposed for the semi-active PSS. A nonlinear dynamic model of the automobile with eight degrees of freedom (DOF) is established to compute the results. The root mean square (RMS) accelerations of the vertical driver’s seat and the pitching angle and rolling angle of the automobile are selected to evaluate the ride comfort of the automobile on the rigid road and off-road terrain surfaces. The research results show that the off-road terrain surfaces remarkably affect the ride comfort of the automobile, especially at a high moving speed range of the automobile over 17.5 m/s. The performance of the MLM in improving the ride comfort of the automobile is better than the fuzzy logic control under various simulation conditions. Particularly, the RMS accelerations of the vertical driver’s seat and the pitching angle and rolling angle of the automobile with the MLM are smaller than that of the fuzzy logic control by 14.6%, 9.6%, and 5.3% on the rigid road surfaces and reduced by 14.9%, 8.7%, and 9.8% on the soil terrain of off-road terrain surfaces, respectively. However, the research results also indicate that the performance of the MLM significantly depends on the data map of the learning process. Thus, to further enhance the performance of the MLM, the data map for the machine learning process should be expanded under different operating conditions of the automobile.
Legal Issues Facing Automated Vehicles, Facial Recognition, and Privacy Rights
Authors:   University of Michigan, Eastman Brittany
Published: July 2022

Facial recognition software (FRS) is a form of biometric security that detects a face, analyzes it, converts it to data, and then matches it with images in a database. This technology is currently being used in vehicles for safety and convenience features, such as detecting driver fatigue, ensuring ride share drivers are wearing a face covering, or unlocking the vehicle. Public transportation hubs can also use FRS to identify missing persons, intercept domestic terrorism, deter theft, and achieve other security initiatives. However, biometric data is sensitive and there are numerous remaining questions about how to implement and regulate FRS in a way that maximizes its safety and security potential while simultaneously ensuring individual’s right to privacy, data security, and technology-based equality. Legal Issues Facing Automated Vehicles, Facial Recognition, and Individual Rights seeks to highlight the benefits of using FRS in public and private transportation technology and addresses some of the legitimate concerns regarding its use by private corporations and government entities, including law enforcement, in public transportation hubs and traffic stops. Constitutional questions, including First, Forth, and Ninth Amendment issues, also remain unanswered. FRS is now a permanent part of transportation technology and society; with meaningful legislation and conscious engineering, it can make future transportation safer and more convenient.
Anti-cryptosporidial activity of Camellia sinensis (green tea extract) in experimentally infected immunocompromised mice
Authors: El-Wakil Eman S. , Mohamed Eman Ali , El-Wakil Eman Ahmed , AbouShousha Tarek S. , Amer Neimat Mousa
Published: July 2022

Cryptosporidium parvum, an Apicomplexan parasite, is an important cause of diarrheal disease, especially in immunodeficient hosts. Nevertheless, there is no entirely successful therapeutic agent against cryptosporidiosis to date. Hence, this study aims to test the potential prophylactic and therapeutic effect of Camellia sinensis (green tea extract) in dexamethasone immunosuppressed mice versus the nowadays used drug, Nitazoxanide (NTZ). Parasitological and molecular methods were used to characterize Cryptosporidium oocysts before infection. Fifty bred female Swiss Albino mice were divided into 5 groups; group I (GI)(GTP): immunosuppressed and prophylactically treated with green tea extract for 5 days prior to infection, group II (GII)(GTT): immunosuppressed, infected with Cryptosporidium parvum and treated with green tea extract, group III (GIII)(NT): immunosuppressed, infected and treated with NTZ, group IV (GIV)(PC): immunosuppressed and infected (Positive control), group V (GV)(NC): immunosuppressed and non-infected (Negative control). Furthermore, parasitological examination for oocysts in the stool, and histopathological examination for the small intestine and liver specimens were performed for the study groups. Cryptosporidium oocysts used for induction of infection proved to be Cryptosporidium parvum genotype 2. Moreover, a significant oocyst reduction in fecal samples correlated with an improvement of histopathological changes in the small intestinal and liver tissues in GI(GTP), GII (GTT) and GIII(NT) groups. Besides, the GII(GTT) group showed the best improvement in parasitological and histopathological parameters among the test groups. This study revealed that Camellia sinensis (green tea extract) has potential activity against cryptosporidiosis and could serve as a promising prophylactic and therapeutic anti-cryptosporidial agent.
Recent Advances in Application of Transcriptomics: Research on
Heterotrophic and Autotrophic Protists
Authors: Anderson O. Roger
Published: July 2022

The application of molecular phylogenetics to research on protists has substantially transformed our understanding of their evolution and systematics. More recently, advances in molecular technology, including high throughput sequencing, has opened new avenues for genomic analyses that elucidate major aspects of protistan biology across all levels of biological organization from cellular to ecosystems. This is a review of recent advances (particularly in the last two decades) of transcriptomic research on heterotrophic and autotrophic protists within three major topics: (i) Physiology and metabolism, (ii) Development and life cycles, and (iii) Environmental and ecological studies. Emphasis is placed on selection of representative research that highlights findings across diverse taxonomic groups within each of the three topics. Examples are drawn from parasitic as well as free-living taxa to provide a broad overview of some of the research strategies, and major findings, that have emerged from application of transcriptomics and related techniques in advancing our understanding of protistan biology.
Challenges in the Management of the Patients with COVID-19 Infected Cushing’s Syndrome: Two Cases And Literature Review
Authors: BABAYEVA Afruz , COŞKUN Meriç , YALÇIN Mehmet Muhittin , ÜNLÜ Serkan , ÖZGER Hasan Selçuk , BATMAZ Leyla , EROĞLU ALTINOVA Alev , AKTURK Mujde , BALOŞ TÖRÜNER Füsun , YETKİN İlhan
Published: July 2022

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has become a serious health problem in Turkey and the world. The diagnosis stage of many chronic diseases, the treatment process and the status of being affected by COVID-19 have become the focus of attention in the medical community during the pandemic, which has been continuing for nine months. We will discuss the course of COVID-19 infection over a 32-year-old and 76-year-old female patient with Cushing syndrome who applied to our clinic as a tertiary referral centre.
Determining the frailty status in patients who apply for home health care
Authors: ERDEM SANCAK Zeynep , HAKİ Cemile , DEMİRCİ Hakan
Published: July 2022

Background To examine the relationship between an institutionally prepared standardized patient evaluation form and the Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS) in patients receiving home health care.

Material and Methods Our prospective, observational study included 200 patients over the age of 18 who requested home health care, regardless of gender. The EFS and institutional data collection forms were applied consecutively on the same day to all patients included in the study.

Results Among the 200 individuals recruited for the study, 59% were female and 41% were male; the overall average age was 80 years. According to the EFS results, 4.5% of the patients were classified as non-frail, 6% were vulnerable, and 89.5% had varying degrees of frailty (mild, moderate and severe). There was a significant positive correlation between EFS score and age (p
Introdução à estilometria com Python
Authors: Laramée François Dominic
Published: July 2022

Nesta lição, aprenderá a realizar análises estilométricas e a determinar a autoria de textos. A lição cobre três métodos: Curvas Características de Composição de Mendenhall, Método Qui-Quadrado de Kilgariff e Método Delta de John Burrows.
Introdução ao MySQL com R
Authors: Blackadar Jeff
Published: July 2022

Esta lição ajudará a armazenar grandes quantidades de dados históricos de maneira estruturada, pesquisar e filtrar esses dados e visualizar alguns dos dados como um gráfico.
DISCHARGE OF EMERGING CONTAMINANT LADEN EFFLUENTS BY INDUSTRIES IN NIGERIA - A REVIEW
Authors: Ugwu B. I. , Nnaji J. C , Chukwuemeka-Okorie H. O. , Siyaka M. J. , Amaku F. J. , Ngwu C. , Odoemelam S. A.
Published: July 2022

Industrialization in Nigeria has resulted in the production of diverse products by various industries engaged in the production of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, pesticides, textiles, paints and varnishes, soaps and detergents, foods and beverages, agro-chemicals and textiles. Effluents from these industries are the most probable sources of emerging contaminants in the Nigerian environment. However, despite the awareness of the existence and effects of conventional pollutants associated with industrial wastewater discharge, there is low level of awareness of the harmful effects of emerging contaminants (ECs) in industrial wastewaters discharged into the environment in Nigeria. In order to raise the level of awareness and elicit appropriate discharge compliance by industries, this review of industrial effluents generation and disposal by some selected industries who produce ECs was carried out. An outcome of the review is the dearth of current information on the volume of wastewater generated by industries in Nigeria and the non-existence of environmental policies or laws on ECs. Recommendations were made on the future research areas on ECs in Nigeria.
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CELLULOSE FROM Pentaclethra macrophylla Benth POD BIOMASS WASTES FOR POLYMER REINFORCEMENT COMPOSITE
Authors: Nsude O. P. , Emmanuel Agboeze, , Ezeh E. C. , Ike O. C , Omuluche O. C. , Orie K. J. , Ogbobe O.
Published: July 2022

The interest in natural reinforced polymer composite materials is rapidly growing both in industrial and basic research applications. This is based on its availability, renewability, low density, cheapness, biodegradability, and satisfactory mechanical properties. The research reports on the isolation and characterization of cellulose from Pentaclethra macrophylla Benth Pod (PMBP) biomass wastes for polymer reinforcement composites. Cellulose was successfully isolated from PMBP biomass via delignification and bleaching. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and deformation gravimetric analysis (DGA) were used to characterise the raw and isolated cellulose. The isolated cellulose has better thermal stability, crystallinity, and porosity than the raw cellulose. The removal of the matrix material (most hemicelluloses and almost all the lignin) led to an increase in the crystallinity and the maintenance of the thermal stability of the cellulose. The functional group elucidation showed that both raw and isolated contained cellulose, the morphology of the cellulose revealed some essential elements that are suitable for good polymer reinforcement composites. The obtained cellulose could serve as a reinforcing material in composite products or as a raw material for other applications.