bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SINERGI LEMBAGA TEKNOLOGI FINANSIAL DAN KOPERASI DALAM PEMANFAATAN TEKNOLOGI FINANSIAL OLEH USAHA MIKRO, KECIL, DAN MENENGAH DI NTB
Authors: Yuliana Rr. Retno Rizki Dini
Published: October 2019

Permasalahan keuangan, sumberdaya manusia, dan teknologi merupakan permasalahan klasik yang dihadapi Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) di Indonesia. Perkembangan teknologi di bidang keuangan telah berkembang dalam beberapa tahun terakhir ini dan berdampak perubahan perilaku masyarakat dalam bertransaksi keuangan. Hal ini dapat menjadi solusi bagi permasalahan keuangan yang dihadapi UMKM. Keterbatasan kemampuan dan pengetahuan yang dimiliki pelaku UMKM ternyata disadari oleh lembaga Teknologi Finansial (Tekfin), sehingga lembaga Tekfin mencoba untuk bersinergi Koperasi untuk mengatasi hal tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sinergi yang dilakukan oleh lembaga Tekfin dengan Koperasi, serta dampaknya bagi pelaku UMKM, Koperasi, dan lembaga Tekfin, khususnya di NTB. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis kualitatif dan deskriptif kuantitatif. Dari hasil analisis diketahui bahwa terdapat dua Koperasi di NTB yang bersinergi dengan lembaga Tekfin yaitu Koperasi Mitra Dhuafa (Komida) dengan Tekfin Pembiayaan Mekar, dan Koperasi Tani (Koptan) Wira Singe dengan Tekfin Pembayaran Mandiri e-cash. Tekfin Mekar menyediakan aplikasi sebagai media bertemunya investor dan peminjam. Dimana Komida yang memfasilitasi anggotanya untuk memperoleh pinjaman yang didanai oleh Tekfin Mekar. Sedangkan Tekfin Mandiri e-cash merupakan Tekfin pembayaran yang serupa dengan rekening ponsel, dan Koptan Wira Singe membantu Bank Mandiri untuk mengedukasi dan memfasilitasi para anggotanya agar dapat mengakses Mandiri e-cash. Dari kerja sama yang dilakukan ini, baik lembaga Tekfin, Koperasi, maupun anggota memperoleh dampak positif berupa imbal hasil, bertambahnya jumlah nasabah, bantuan permodalan, peningkatan transaksi penjualan dan keuntungan, bertambahnya jumlah relasi usaha, serta memperoleh literasi keuangan.
ANALISIS AKSESIBILITAS PERMODALAN USAHA MIKRO KECIL DI PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT
Authors: Diana Rita
Published: October 2019

Usaha Mikro Kecil (UMK) merupakan usaha kerakyatan yang mempunyai potensi untuk terus dikembangkan. Untuk mengembangkan usaha, UMK harus meningkatkan kapasitas produksinya yang tentunya memerlukan modal yang tidak sedikit. Minimnya permodalan dan rendahnya kemampuan serta pengetahuan pengelola UMK membuat UMK belum mampu mengimbangi perubahan selera konsumen dan berdaya saing global. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi rendahnya akses UMK terhadap sumber daya modal di Provinsi Sumatera Barat menggunakan metode regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa UMK yang tergabung dalam wadah koperasi memiliki peluang tiga kali lebih besar untuk mendapatkan akses yang lebih besar ke permodalan dari lembaga keuangan ketimbang UMK lain yang tidak tergabung ke dalam wadah koperasi. UMK yang memiliki rencana pengembangan usaha berpeluang hampir dua kali lebih besar dari usaha lain yang tidak memiliki rencana pengembangan akan akses terhadap permodalan dari lembaga keuangan. Dari hasil estmasi terlihat bahwa UMK yang UMK yang pengelolanya laki-laki dan berpendidikan dibawah SLTA, lokasi di perdesaan, beroperasi lebih dari lima tahun dan berskala kecil memiliki peluang yang lebih besar untuk memperoleh kredit.
Serviços Intensivos em Conhecimento e Serviços Tradicionais: Um Panorama Intersetorial de Micro e Pequenas Empresas
Authors: Sobreira Daniel , Padrão Luís Carlos
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: Verificar se a longevidade das Micro e Pequenas Empresas (MPEs) de Serviços Intensivos em Conhecimento (SICs) é diferente das MPEs de Setores Tradicionais de Serviço (STSs).Metodologia/abordagem: Foram realizadas análises quantitativas de dados secundários, coletados na Junta Comercial do Estado de Minas Gerais (JUCEMG) e no Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE).Principais resultados: A primeira hipótese, que afirma que as empresas de SICs têm porcentagem maior de pessoas empregadas com nível de educação superior em relação a empresas de STSs, não foi rejeitada pela pesquisa. A segunda hipótese, que afirma que as empresas de SICs têm uma longevidade maior do que empresas de STSs, foi rejeitada pela pesquisa.Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: Estudos anteriores alegaram que os SICs são fontes importantes de inovação, porém não foram encontrados estudos que analisassem e comparassem a longevidade das MPEs de SICs e STSs. Os estudos anteriores também não apresentavam uma classificação uniforme sobre os SICs. No presente estudo, foi realizada a análise da longevidade dos SICs e elaborada uma consolidação das definições dos SICs associando-as com a Classificação Nacional de Atividades Econômicas do IBGE. Tal associação pode ser aplicada em outras pesquisas.Relevância/originalidade: As MPEs são reconhecidas por possuírem grande importância social e econômica, principalmente pela geração de empregos. E os SICs são reconhecidos pela geração de inovação para outras empresas, elemento esse que pode ser decisivo para a competitividade. Portanto, o estudo das MPEs de setores SICs tem relevante importância econômica.
Ações De Sustentabilidade Financeira Em Empresas Da Microrregião De Pará De Minas E Cidades Circunvizinhas
Authors: Palhares Júnior Doge , Silva Wendel Alex Castro , Santos Andreia de Oliveira , Amaral Hudson Fernandes
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: Examinar, por meio de ações empreendedoras, os aspectos de sustentabilidade financeira praticada nas empresas situadas na microrregião de Pará de Minas e cidades circunvizinhas, descrevendo e analisando as percepções dos gestores e proprietários desses negócios.Método: Desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva, aplicando-se survey a 205 gestores e/ou proprietários. Foi utilizada a modelagem de equações estruturais via método PLS.Originalidade/Relevância: Este estudo busca ampliar as investigações sobre a longevidade das empresas, principalmente no que se refere às ações empreendedoras de sustentabilidade financeira, realidade pouco evidenciada nas pequenas empresas.Resultados: Sugere-se que embora proprietários e gestores de empresas tenham conhecimento das ferramentas administrativas de gestão, não as utilizam de forma correta, o que pôde ser observado em relação ao discurso desses gestores e proprietários versus prática, o que torna as empresas vulneráveis em relação à longevidade.Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: A experiência aliada a um controle financeiro e uma relação mais transparente da organização são elementos importantes para a longevidade de um negócio. Em tese, existem variáveis comportamentais que interferem diretamente na sustentabilidade financeira.
Entrepreneurs’ Life History: Strategy And Research Method To Studying Entrepreneurial Learning
Authors: Vogt Sérgio , Bulgacov Yara Lucia Mazziotti
Published: October 2019

Purpose - Propose that, based on the life history of startups founders, it should be possible to reveal learning processes that occurred during their lives, even before they got involved in entrepreneurial practices.Design/Methodology - Within a qualitative and interpretivist approach, Life History is used as a guiding strategy and method for gathering data. In addition, seeking to delineate the investigation of experiences by entrepreneurs, it was conducted semi-structured interviews focused on thematic stories. To analyze the data, two interconnected strategies were used: narrative analysis and the abductive method.Main results - The results make it possible to identify the involvement of entrepreneurs with various social practices. These practices point to the lifelong journey of these entrepreneurs as a continual process of learning, indicating fragments of learning which occur and become relevant to the current entrepreneurial practice.Theoretical/methodological contributions - This article highlights the situated nature of entrepreneurial learning as a process anchored in social practices that begins before involvement in an entrepreneurial action. In terms of methodology, this study suggests a path to contribute to the formation of a research agenda within the Brazilian context.Relevance/originality - The article highlights the Life History and the Thematic Interview as tools that will facilitate the work of future researchers interested in revealing entrepreneurs’ learning processes not just before an entrepreneurial practice but also during the beginning of the entrepreneurial process and the running of their businesses.
The Governance of Information Technology and Its Formal and Informal Mechanisms: Proposing a Framework for The Context of Small and Medium Enterprises
Authors: Silva Humberto Caetano Cardoso da , Dornelas Jairo Simião , Silveira Denis Silva da , Lucena Rosamaria Belo
Published: October 2019

Objective: To understand the phenomenon of IT governance in context of SMEs the agency theory. Method: Qualitative, descriptive research with data collection. Are used as complementary visions to the agency's vision: the relational contract theory, dealing with contracts between principal and agent, and contingency theory, dealing with the contingent factors that influence the choices of IT governance mechanisms.Originality/Relevance: Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are essential for economic development and represent an important part of job creation. However, there are several difficulties in governing this type of organization, among them investments in Information Technology (IT). IT governance, as part of corporate governance, aims to direct investments in this area, enabling its effective return. But the frameworks available in the literature were developed for the context of large companies, generating a theoretical vacuum when it comes to SMEs.Results: From the framework proposed by Peterson (2004), this theoretical essay proposed a framework that would be more appropriate to the reality of the SME.Theoretical/methodological contributions: The proposed framework seeks to enlarge the understanding of the IT governance phenomenon in the context of SMEs, opening the way for further theoretical and empirical analysis of the phenomenon.
O que os Investidores procuram no Plano de Negócios de uma startup?
Authors: Geraldo João Vasco , Gama Paulo Miguel
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: Sintetizar a informação que os investidores privados privilegiam no plano de negócios de uma startup. Discutir as preferências que diferentes tipos de investidores têm quanto aos elementos que devem compor um plano de negócios e compararam-se as suas abordagens a esse documento.Metodologia/abordagem: Com base em uma extensiva pesquisa online de termos, como business plan, startup, venture capital, entrepreneurship, business angels, identificaram-se e foram analisados os trabalhos científicos relevantes publicados sobre o tema, com destaque para dois tipos de investidores: business angels e sociedades de capital de risco.Principais resultados: Na generalidade, os dois tipos de investidores procuram informações semelhantes e seguem processos de decisão próximos. No entanto, a literatura sugere que os business angels têm um processo de decisão de investimento menos estruturado e atribuem maior importância à informação sobre a equipe empreendedora, enquanto que as sociedades de capital de risco destacam-se na relevância dada ao mercado em que o negócio se insere.Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: Síntese comparativa dos aspetos positivos e negativos relevados por business angels e sociedades de capital de risco nos planos de negócio de startup.Relevância/Originalidade: O plano de negócios é o elemento essencial de planificação e comunicação da ideia de negócio, pois corresponde às expectativas informativas dos potenciais investidores, sendo um contributo para o sucesso na obtenção de financiamento, particularmente relevante no caso dos negócios jovens com reduzido (ou inexistente) histórico no mercado.
Proposta De Modelo De Gestão Financeira Aplicada A Uma Empresa De Pequeno Porte No Segmento De Fertilizantes
Authors: Moura André Leme de , Santos David Ferreira Lopes , Conceição Elimar Veloso
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: Trata-se de uma pesquisa aplicada com vistas a propor um modelo de gestão financeira aplicada a uma empresa do segmento de fertilizantes agrícolas, capaz de estruturar todas as informações financeiras da empresa com o objetivo de subsidiar o processo de gestão e a tomada de decisão.Método: Realizou-se uma pesquisa quanti-qualitativa baseada em técnicas de observação participante e pesquisa-ação em uma empresa específica do setor de fertilizantes agrícolas. Os materiais foram coletados junto a fontes primárias (observação e entrevistas) da empresa e secundárias (documentos da empresa e informações financeiras do setor).Originalidade/Relevância: O contexto apresentado expõe uma lacuna teórico-aplicada de instrumentos que auxiliam em “como” construir e estruturar as informações financeiras para as PMEs de forma exequível ao empresário ou gestor que não possui uma formação educacional nessa área.Resultados: Os resultados deste estudo viabilizam a criação de um modelo empírico de gestão financeira que: i) demonstra desde a estrutura organizacional necessária; ii) os processos operacionais inerentes à atividade; e iii) os indicadores que devem ser utilizados para a análise da situação financeira e a tomada de decisão.Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: Essas evidências podem servir como parâmetro ou insights para outras empresas do segmento de fertilizantes e demais empresas de pequeno porte, além de pesquisadores no âmbito organizacional.
Universidades e a Dinâmica Locacional do Empreendedorismo Acadêmico: Uma Abordagem para o Estado de São Paulo
Authors: Scorsatto Filipe , Fischer Bruno Brandão , Rücker Schaeffer Paola
Published: October 2019

Objetivo – Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar a dinâmica de localização de empreendedores acadêmicos no Estado de São Paulo e a sua associação com as respectivas universidades de origem.Metodologia/abordagem – Foram analisados 1.082 projetos PIPE/FAPESP no período compreendido entre 1998 e 2017, permitindo a construção de mapas de calor que evidenciam padrões consistentes de distribuição geográfica do empreendedorismo acadêmico intensivo em conhecimento na unidade federativa abordada.Principais resultados – Enquanto as universidades públicas intensivas em pesquisa possuem um papel preponderante na geração e retenção de empreendedores em nível local, a distância de mercados desenvolvidos reduz significativamente a concentração de spin offs nas regiões.Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas - Tal achado traz implicações para o entendimento de que os campi de universidades podem alavancar os níveis de desenvolvimento regional, uma vez que as relações causais neste processo parecem estar atreladas tanto a fatores endógenos como a processos exógenos à universidade.Relevância/originalidade - As questões envolvidas nesta análise compreendem temas de interesse central na busca por um entendimento em maior profundidade da dinâmica evolutiva dos ecossistemas de empreendedorismo no contexto brasileiro.
Angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene polymorphism in myocardial infarction in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Nikitina L. O. , Balabolkin M. I. , Kondratiev Y. Yu. , Mamaev G. G. , Demurov L. M. , Chistyakov D. A. , Nosikov V. V. , Dedov I. I.
Published: October 2019

Insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene (ACE) as a potential marker of genetic susceptibility to myocardial infarction (MI) was studied in 76 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM) surviving after MI, 115 NIDDM patients without history of MI, and 165 subjects without diabetes from the general Moscow population. Case-control association study failed to reveal significant differences in distribution of ACE gene alleles and genotypes between patients with and without MI. However, we observed a tendency of I allele frequency to decrease and of D allele frequency to increase in infarction. Moreover, patients with MI had almost the same pattern of I and D allele and DD genotype distribution as normal subjects from general population (34.9, 65.1, and 46.1% vs. 35.8, 64.2, and 48.5%, respectively). On the other hand, diabetics without infarction had a slightly higher prevalence of I allele and I allele-containing genotypes (ID and II) than patients with documented MI (40.4, 46.1, and 17.4% vs. 34.9, 38.2, and 15.7%, respectively) and lower DD genotype frequency (36.5 vs. 46.1%), respectively). Therefore, we suppose that in Moscow a higher incidence of D allele in comparison with I allele and of its genotypes ID and II may be regarded as a genetic protective factor, whereas D allele and DD genotype as a factor of genetic susceptibility to MI in NIDDM patients.
The content of growth hormone and cortisol during an insulin test in participants in the liquidation of the Chernobyl accident
Authors: Arapova S. D. , Molitvoslovova N. N. , Kolesnikova G. S. , Goncharov N. P. , Marova E. I. , Pankova S. S.
Published: October 2019

Adenomectomy was carried out in 41 patients with Icenko- Cushing's disease. Before surgery, computer-aided tomography showed pituitary adenomas in all the patients. The patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 consisted of 31 patients in whom the disease was diagnosed for the first time and group 2 of 10 patients previously treated by other methods (proton therapy and unilateral adrenalectomy) without effect. Pituitary adenomas were removed in all patients. Histological study showed hormone-active pituitary adenomas in all cases. The levels of hydrocortisone and ACTH in the plasma and daily urine were increased in both groups before the operation. Ten-twenty days after surgery, the levels of hydrocortisone and ACTH in group 1 were significantly lower than in group 2. We consider that the lower are the levels of these hormones early after surgery, the lower is the probability of a relapse. Postoperative hy- pocorticalism (10-20 days postoperation) is a good prognostic sign indicating radical removal of pituitary adenoma. Adenomectomy is indicated for patients with Icenko-Cushing's disease as primary method of treatment.
Positive solutions for diffusive Logistic equation with refuge
Authors: Sun Jian-Wen
Published: October 2019

In this paper, we study the stationary solutions of the Logistic equation

$$\begin{array}{} \displaystyle u_t=\mathcal {D}[u]+\lambda u-[b(x)+\varepsilon]u^p \text{ in }{\it\Omega} \end{array}$$

with Dirichlet boundary condition, here 𝓓 is a diffusion operator andε> 0,p> 1. The weight functionb(x) is nonnegative and vanishes in a smooth subdomainΩ0ofΩ. We investigate the asymptotic profiles of positive stationary solutions with the critical valueλwhenεis sufficiently small. We find that the profiles are different between nonlocal and classical diffusion equations.
A systematic review of 3D printing in chemistry education – analysis of earlier research and educational use through technological pedagogical content knowledge framework
Authors: Pernaa Johannes , Wiedmer Susanne
Published: October 2019

The focus of this systematic literature analysis is to provide a comprehensive review of earlier research on the utilisation of 3D printers in chemistry education. The objective is to offer research-based knowledge for developing chemistry education through following research questions: what kind of work has been done in the field of 3D printing in chemistry education; what kind of design strategies have been implemented; how 3D printing has been used in chemistry education research. The data consists of 47 peer-reviewed articles which were analysed via qualitative content analysis using a technological pedagogical content knowledge framework. Theoretical framework was selected because integrating 3D printing in chemistry education requires knowledge of chemistry, technology, and most importantly, pedagogy. Our research indicates that integrating 3D printing begins by analysing current challenges which are reasoned via pedagogical or technological content knowledge-based arguments. 3D printing was used for producing solutions (e.g. physical models) that support working with found challenges. In chemistry education research, 3D printing has mainly been used for printing research instruments; few studies have investigated its effect on learning or students’ perceptions towards it. There is a great need for comprehensive student-centred pedagogical models for the use of 3D printing in chemistry education.
Sphere and projective space of a C
*-algebra with a faithful state
Authors: Antunez Andrea C.
Published: October 2019

Let 𝒜 be a unital C
*-algebra with a faithful state ϕ. We study the geometry of the unit sphere 𝕊
ϕ
= {x ∈ 𝒜 : ϕ(x
*
x) = 1} and the projective space ℙ
ϕ
= 𝕊
ϕ
/𝕋. These spaces are shown to be smooth manifolds and homogeneous spaces of the group 𝒰
ϕ
(𝒜) of isomorphisms acting in 𝒜 which preserve the inner product induced by
ϕ
, which is a smooth Banach-Lie group. An important role is played by the theory of operators in Banach spaces with two norms, as developed by M.G. Krein and P. Lax. We define a metric in ℙ
ϕ
, and prove the existence of minimal geodesics, both with given initial data, and given endpoints.
A New Investigation on Fractional-Ordered Neutral Differential Systems with State-Dependent Delay
Authors: Valliammal N. , Ravichandran C. , Hammouch Zakia , Mehmet Baskonus Haci
Published: October 2019

Fractional differential equations with delay behaviors occur in fields like physical and biological ones with state-dependent delay or nonconstant delay and has drawn the attention of researchers. The main goal of the present work is to study the existence of mild solutions of neutral differential system along state-dependent delay in Banach space. By employing the fractional theory, noncompact measure and Mönch’s theorem, we investigate the existence results for neutral differential equations of fractional order with state-dependent delay. An illustration of derived results is offered.
Natural extension of EF-spaces and EZ-spaces to the pointfree context
Authors: Nsayi Jissy Nsonde
Published: October 2019

Two problems concerning EF-frames and EZ-frames are investigated. In [Some new classes of topological spaces and annihilator ideals, Topology Appl. 165 (2014), 84–97], Tahirefar defines a Tychonoff space X to be an EF (resp., EZ)-space if disjoint unions of clopen sets are completely separated (resp., every regular closed subset is the closure of a union of clopen subsets). By extending these notions to locales, we give several characterizations of EF and EZ-frames, mostly in terms of certain ring-theoretic properties of 𝓡 L, the ring of real-valued continuous functions on L. We end by defining a qsz-frame which is a pointfree context of qsz-space and, give a characterization of these frames in terms of rings of real-valued continuous functions on L.
On weak isometries in directed groups
Authors: Jasem Milan
Published: October 2019

In the paper weak isometries in directed groups are investigated. It is proved that for every weak isometryfin a directed groupGthe relationf(UL(x,y) ∩LU(x,y)) =UL(f(x),f(y)) ∩LU(f(x),f(y)) is valid for eachx,y∈G. The notions of an orthogonality of two elements and of a subgroup symmetry in directed groups are introduced and it is shown that each weak isometry in a 2-isolated directed group or in an abelian directed group is a composition of a subgroup symmetry and a right translation. It is also proved that stable weak isometries in a 2-isolated abelian directed groupGare directly related to subdirect decompositions of the subgroupG2= {2x;x∈G} ofG.
On self-injectivity of the f-ring Frm(𝓟(ℝ), L)
Authors: Estaji Ali Akbar , Abedi Mostafa , Darghadam Ahmad Mahmoudi
Published: October 2019

Let 𝓕𝓟L := Frm(𝓟(ℝ), L). We show that if L is a P-frame then 𝓕𝓟L is an ℵ0-self-injective ring. We prove that a zero-dimensional frame L is extremally disconnected if and only if 𝓕𝓟L is a self-injective ring. Finally, it is shown that 𝓕𝓟L is a Baer ring if and only if 𝓕𝓟L is a continuous ring if and only if 𝓕𝓟L is a complete ring if and only if 𝓕𝓟L is a CS-ring.
On the extensions of discrete valuations in number fields
Authors: Deajim Abdulaziz , Fadil Lhoussain El
Published: October 2019

Let K be a number field defined by a monic irreducible polynomial F(X) ∈ ℤ [X], p a fixed rational prime, and νp the discrete valuation associated to p. Assume that F(X) factors modulo p into the product of powers of r distinct monic irreducible polynomials. We present in this paper a condition, weaker than the known ones, which guarantees the existence of exactly r valuations of K extending νp. We further specify the ramification indices and residue degrees of these extended valuations in such a way that generalizes the known estimates. Some useful remarks and computational examples are also given to highlight some improvements due to our result.
On certain classes of generalized derivations
Authors: Zemzami Omar Ait , Oukhtite Lahcen , Ali Shakir , Muthana Najat
Published: October 2019

Our purpose in this paper is to investigate some particular classes of generalized derivations and their relationship with commutativity of prime rings with involution. Some well-known results characterizing commutativity of prime rings have been generalized. Furthermore, we provide examples to show that the assumed restrictions cannot be relaxed.
Sufficient conditions for Carathéodory functions and applications to univalent functions
Authors: Kwon Oh Sang , Sim Young Jae
Published: October 2019

In this paper, the authors derive several sufficient conditions for a function to be the Carathéodory function in the unit disk 𝔻: = {z∈ ℂ: |z| < 1}. More precisely, for givenβ∈ (–π/2,π/2),γ∈ [0, cosβ) andδ∈ (0,π/2], we find some sufficient conditions for an analytic functionpsuch thatp(0) = 1 to satisfy Re{e−iβp(z)} >γor | arg {p(z)–γ} | <δfor allz∈ 𝔻 by using the first-order differential subordination. We then apply the results obtained here in order to find some conditions for univalent functions with geometric properties such as spirallikeness and strongly starlikeness.
Blending type approximation by complex Szász-Durrmeyer-Chlodowsky operators in compact disks
Authors: Goyal Meenu , Agrawal P. N.
Published: October 2019

In the present article, we deal with the overconvergence of the Szász-Durrmeyer-Chlodowsky operators. Here we study the approximation properties e.g. upper estimates, Voronovskaja type result for these operators attached to analytic functions in compact disks. Also, we discuss the exact order in simultaneous approximation by these operators and its derivatives and the asymptotic result with quantitative upper estimate. In such a way, we put in evidence the overconvergence phenomenon for the Szász-Durrmeyer-Chlodowsky operators, namely the extensions of approximation properties with exact quantitative estimates and orders of these convergencies to sets in the complex plane that contain the interval [0, ∞).
Linear directional differential equations in the unit ball: solutions of bounded L-index
Authors: Bandura Andriy , Skaskiv Oleh
Published: October 2019

We study sufficient conditions of boundedness ofL-index in a directionb∈ ℂn∖ {0} for analytic solutions in the unit ball of a linear higher order non-homogeneous differential equation with directional derivatives. These conditions are restrictions by the analytic coefficients in the unit ball of the equation. Also we investigate asymptotic behavior of analytic functions of boundedL-index in the direction and estimate its growth. The results are generalizations of known propositions for entire functions of several variables.
On oscilatory fourth order nonlinear neutral differential equations – IV
Authors: Tripathy Arun Kumar , Mohanta Rashmi Rekha
Published: October 2019

In this paper, oscillation of all solutions of fourth order functional differential equations of neutral type of the form

$$\begin{array}{} \displaystyle (r(t)(y(t)+p(t)y(t-\tau))'')''+q(t)G(y(t-\sigma))=0 \end{array}$$

are studied under the assumption

$$\begin{array}{} \displaystyle \int\limits^{\infty}_{0}\frac{t}{r(t)}\text{d}t \lt \infty \end{array}$$

for various ranges ofp(t)
Oscillation criteria for second-order half-linear delay differential equations with mixed neutral terms
Authors: Grace Said R. , Graef John R. , Jadlovská Irena
Published: October 2019

This article concerns the oscillatory behavior of solutions to second-order half-linear delay differential equations with mixed neutral terms. The authors present new oscillation criteria that improve, extend, and simplify existing ones in the literature. The results are illustrated with examples.
Lerch’s theorem on nabla time scales
Authors: Dolník Matej , Kisela Tomáš
Published: October 2019

The paper discusses uniqueness of Laplace transform considered on nabla time scales. As the main result, a nabla time scales analogue of Lerch’s theorem ensuring uniqueness of Laplace image is proved for so-called simply periodic time scales. Moreover, several presented counterexamples demonstrate that the uniqueness of Laplace image does not occur on general time scales when the nabla approach is employed. Other special properties of Laplace transform on nabla time scales, such as potential disconnectedness of domain of convergence, are addressed as well.
IK ${\mathcal I}^{\mathcal K}$-convergence of sequences of functions
Authors: Das Pratulananda , Sengupta Sayan , Šupina Jaroslav
Published: October 2019

We continue to investigate the notion of
${\mathcal I}^{\mathcal K}$-convergence (which concerns with the convergence with respect to one ideal along a set which is “big” with respect to another ideal) introduced by M. Mačaj and M. Sleziak [10] with primary focus on sequences of real functions. Our investigation is based on results by R. Filipów and M. Staniszewski [5, 6] or M. Staniszewski [11].
Convolution theorems related with the solvability of Wiener-Hopf plus Hankel integral equations and Shannon’s sampling formula
Authors: Castro Luís Pinheiro , Guerra Rita Correia , Tuan Nguyen Minh
Published: October 2019

This paper considers two finite integral transforms of Fourier-type, in view to propose a set of eight new convolutions, and to analyze the solvability of a class of the integral equations of Wiener-Hopf plus Hankel type, defined on finite intervals, which is involved in engineering problems. The solvability and solution of the considered equations are investigated by means of Fourier-type series, and a Shannon-type sampling formula is obtained. Some concluding remarks with respect to theoretical issues and engineering applications are emphasized in the last section, along with the analysis of some illustrative cases, which exemplify that the present method solves cases which are not under the conditions of previously known techniques.
Stabilization of third order differential equation by delay distributed feedback control with unbounded memory
Authors: Domoshnitsky Alexander , Volinsky Irina , Polonsky Anatoly
Published: October 2019

There are almost no results on the exponential stability of differential equations with unbounded memory in mathematical literature. This article aimes to partially fill this gap. We propose a new approach to the study of stability of integro-differential equations with unbounded memory of the following forms

$$\begin{array}{}
\begin{split}
\displaystyle
x'''(t)+\sum_{i=1}^{m}\int\limits_{t-\tau_{i}(t)}^{t}b_{i}(t)\text{e}^{-\alpha _{i}(t-s) }x(s)\text{d} s &=0,
\\
x'''(t)+\sum_{i=1}^{m}\int\limits_{0}^{t-\tau _{i}(t)}b_{i}(t)\text{e}^{-\alpha _{i}(t-s) }x(s)\text{d} s &= 0,
\end{split}
\end{array}$$

with measurable essentially bounded bi(t) and τi(t), i = 1, …, m.

We demonstrate that, under certain conditions on the coefficients, integro-differential equations of these forms are exponentially stable if the delays τi(t), i = 1, …, m, are small enough. This opens new possibilities for stabilization by distributed input control. According to common belief this sort of stabilization requires first and second derivatives of x. Results obtained in this paper prove that this is not the case.
On the amenability of a class of Banach algebras with application to measure algebra
Authors: Ghanei Mohammad Reza , Nemati Mehdi
Published: October 2019

Let 𝓛 be a Lau algebra and X be a topologically invariant subspace of 𝓛* containing UC(𝓛). We prove that if 𝓛 has a bounded approximate identity, then strict inner amenability of 𝓛 is equivalent to the existence of a strictly inner invariant mean on X. We also show that when 𝓛 is inner amenable the cardinality of the set of topologically left invariant means on 𝓛* is equal to the cardinality of the set of topologically left invariant means on RUC(𝓛). Applying this result, we prove that if 𝓛 is inner amenable and 〈𝓛2〉 = 𝓛, then the essential left amenability of 𝓛 is equivalent to the left amenability of 𝓛. Finally, for a locally compact group G, we consider the measure algebra M(G) to study strict inner amenability of M(G) and its relation with inner amenability of G.
A bivariate Kumaraswamy-exponential distribution with application
Authors: Bakouch Hassan S. , Moala Fernando A. , Saboor Abdus , Samad Haniya
Published: October 2019

In this paper, we introduce a new bivariate Kumaraswamy exponential distribution, whose marginals are univariate Kumaraswamy exponential. Some probabilistic properties of this bivariate distribution are derived, such as joint density function, marginal density functions, conditional density functions, moments and stress-strength reliability. Also, we provide the expected information matrix with its elements in a closed form. Estimation of the parameters is investigated by the maximum likelihood, Bayesian and least squares estimation methods. A simulation study is carried out to compare the performance of the estimators by estimation methods. Further, one data set have been analyzed to show how the proposed distribution works in practice.
Body Size and Tissue-Scaling Is Regulated by Motoneuron-Derived Activinß in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Moss-Taylor Lindsay , Upadhyay Ambuj , Pan Xueyang , Kim Myung-Jun , O’Connor Michael B
Published: October 2019

Correct scaling of body and organ size is crucial for proper development, and the survival of all organisms. Perturbations in circulating hormones, including insulins and steroids, are largely responsible for changing body size in response to both genetic and environmental factors. Such perturbations typically produce adults whose organs and appendages scale proportionately with final size. The identity of additional factors that might contribute to scaling of organs and appendages with body size is unknown. Here, we report that loss-of-function mutations in Drosophila  Activinβ (Actβ), a member of the TGF-β superfamily, lead to the production of small larvae/pupae and undersized rare adult escapers. Morphometric measurements of escaper adult appendage size (wings and legs), as well as heads, thoraxes, and abdomens, reveal a disproportional reduction in abdominal size compared to other tissues. Similar size measurements of selected Actβ mutant larval tissues demonstrate that somatic muscle size is disproportionately smaller when compared to the fat body, salivary glands, prothoracic glands, imaginal discs, and brain. We also show that Actβ control of body size is dependent on canonical signaling through the transcription-factor dSmad2 and that it modulates the growth rate, but not feeding behavior, during the third-instar period. Tissue- and cell-specific knockdown, and overexpression studies, reveal that motoneuron-derived Actβ is essential for regulating proper body size and tissue scaling. These studies suggest that, unlike in vertebrates, where Myostatin and certain other Activin-like factors act as systemic negative regulators of muscle mass, in Drosophila, Actβ is a positive regulator of muscle mass that is directly delivered to muscles by motoneurons. We discuss the importance of these findings in coordinating proportional scaling of insect muscle mass to appendage size.
Nanoluciferase-Based Method for Detecting Gene Expression in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Sfarcic Ivana , Bui Theresa , Daniels Erin C , Troemel Emily R
Published: October 2019

Genetic reporters such as the green fluorescent protein (GFP) can facilitate measurement of promoter activity and gene expression. However, animal autofluorescence limits the sensitivity of GFP and other fluorescent reporters in whole-animal settings like in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Here, we present a highly sensitive Nanoluciferase (NanoLuc)-based method in a multiwell format to detect constitutive and inducible gene expression in C. elegans. We optimize detection of bioluminescent signals from NanoLuc in C. elegans and show that it can be detected at 400,000-fold over background in a population of 100 animals expressing intestinal NanoLuc driven by the vha-6 promoter. We can reliably detect signal in single vha-6p::Nanoluc-expressing worms from all developmental stages. Furthermore, we can detect signal from a 1/100 dilution of lysate from a single vha-6p::Nanoluc-expressing adult and from a single vha-6p::Nanoluc-expressing adult “hidden” in a pool of 5000 N2 wild-type animals. We also optimize various steps of this protocol, which involves a lysis step that can be performed in minutes. As a proof-of-concept, we used NanoLuc to monitor the promoter activity of the pals-5 stress/immune reporter and were able to measure 300- and 50-fold increased NanoLuc activity after proteasome blockade and infection with microsporidia, respectively. Altogether, these results indicate that NanoLuc provides a highly sensitive genetic reporter for rapidly monitoring whole-animal gene expression in C. elegans.
Excessive Handling as a Cause of Hypoxemia
Authors: Long John C. , Philip Alistair G. S. , Lucey Jerold F.
Published: October 2019

Continuous transcutaneous oxygen (TcPo2) monitoring was used to study low-birth-weight infants (15 control, 15 experimental) during their stay in the intensive care nursery (ICN). Twenty hours of continuous recordings were made of heart rate, respiratory rate, and TcPo2 in the first five days after birth. Personnel caring for the control infants were blind to the TcPo2 measurements. Those caring for the experimental group were instructed in the operation of the TcPo2 monitor and used the device to modify the timing and extent of procedures to minimize "undesirable time" (TcPo2 < 40 or > 100 torr). Control group infants had an average of 40 min/20 hr in "undesirable time." When personnel used TcPo2 monitoring to modify care this "undesirable time" was reduced to 6 min/20 hr. This difference was statistically significant (P < .001). Infants in the control group were handled more frequently, and experienced more hypoxemia. Of the hypoxemic time suffered by the control infants 75% was associated with handling. Only 5% of the hypoxemia or hyperoxemia was detected by blood Pao2 analysis or conventional monitors.

Intermittent arterial blood gas sampling is an inadequate method for monitoring arterial oxygenation in low-birth-weight infants since hypoxemia and hyperoxemia are often missed. Continuous TcPo2 monitoring improves care by diminishing "undesirable time."
Relactation: A Study of 366 Cases
Authors: Auerbach Kathleen G. , Avery Jimmie Lynne
Published: October 2019

Relactation is resumption of breast-feeding following cessation or significant decrease in milk production. It may be appropriate following an untimely weaning from the breast or the hospitalization and subsequent separation of mother and infant. Relactation includes encouraging the low-birth-weight infant to nurse after the baby is able to suckle. Preparation for relactation includes breast and nipple stimulation, supplementation of the maternal diet, and occasional use of exogenous hormones. The baby's willingness to suck is related to infant age at the time of relactation. Most babies older than 3 months are less willing to suck than younger infants. If the baby is of low birth weight, the length of time before the breast can be introduced also affects infant responsiveness. Three fourths of the study participants evaluated their experience positively. Neither the length of time the infant was nursed nor the need for supplemental fluids during relactation was related to the mother's evaluation of her experience. Most mothers stressed the importance of nursing to the mother-infant relationship. Milk production was less often a goal and, when so specified, it was likely to influence the mother to evaluate her experience negatively and to result in difficulty in achieving a total milk supply.
Fat-Soluble Vitamin Concentrations in Hypercholesterolemic Children Treated with Colestipol
Authors: Schwarz Kathleen B. , Goldstein Paul D. , Witztum Joseph L. , Schonfeld Gustav
Published: October 2019

Twenty-three children with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia were studied to determine whether long-term administration of colestipol hydrochloride in conjunction with a low-cholesterol diet would be effective in reducing plasma total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol and would affect the plasma concentrations of vitamins A, D, E, K or folic acid. Effect of the drug on calcium metabolism was studied by sequential determination of serum total and ionized calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and parathyroid hormone. Mean decrease in plasma cholesterol of children previously on ad libitum diets was 6% after three months of diet. After two months of colestipol therapy and diet in the 11 children with good drug adherence, total cholesterol decreased 19 ± 3% (SEM) from drug baseline; after two years of therapy in five of these children, mean decrease from drug baseline was 13 ± 5%. Diet did not significantly decrease serum concentration of any of the vitamins but during 24 months of colestipol therapy serum vitamin A and E concentrations did decrease in the five patients with good drug adherence (vitamin A, 68 ± 11 vs 35 ± 4 µ/100 ml, P < .005; vitamin E, 14 ± 1 vs 11 ± 1 µ/100 ml, P < 0.05). However, all vitamin concentrations remained within normal limits; calcium metabolism was not affected. Annual monitoring of serum concentrations of fat-soluble vitamins and folate in children receiving colestipol for more than two years is recommended but may prove unnecessary.
Tracheal Aspiration and Its Clinical Correlates in the Diagnosis of Congenital Pneumonia
Authors: Sherman Michael P. , Goetzman Boyd W. , Ahlfors Charles E. , Wennberg Richard P.
Published: October 2019

Tracheal aspirates were obtained from 320 newborns with respiratory distress and one or more perinatal risk factors for infection. Samples were obtained before 8 hours of age, either by direct aspiration or immediately following intubation. Twenty-five infants had bacteria present in the aspirate smear. In each case a pure culture of the organism suspected by smear morphology was grown. The same organism was isolated from blood in 14 of the 25 newborns suspected of having pneumonia. The remaining 11 infants had clinical courses, depressed mature neutrophil counts, and elevated band to total neutrophil ratios consistent with bacterial infection. Twenty-five infants without bacteria in the tracheal aspirate smear were randomly selected as a comparison group. Three of these infants had positive blood cultures, and one of the three also grew the same organism from the tracheal aspirate. The chest radiograph was abnormal in all infants but did not discriminate patients with or without pneumonia. We conclude that examination of the tracheal aspirate obtained within the first 8 hours of age is helpful in the early diagnosis of congenital pneumonia.
METAPHORS HELP US TO UNDERSTAND THE BODY
Authors: P. A. G. S.
Published: October 2019

"... medicine did not make an effective contribution to human welfare until the middle of the twentieth century. The great leap forward is often attributed to a rapid increase in heroic procedures and the discovery of new drugs, but what distinguishes the medicine of the past twenty-five years is not that its practitioners are equipped with an arsenal of antibiotics and antiseptics, but that they are furnished with a comprehensive and unprecedented understanding of what the healthy body is and how it survives and protects itself. ... since finding out what something is is largely a matter of discovering what it is like, the most impressive contribution to the growth of intelligibility has been made by the application of suggestive metaphors.

... It is impossible to imagine how anyone could have made sense of the heart before we knew what a pump was. Before the invention of automatic gun turrets, there was no model to explain the finesse of voluntary muscular movement.

... the subjective experience of the body is usually incoherent and perplexing, and when we want it put right, we refer to people who have learnt to think about it with the help of technical metaphors...."
AN AMERICAN CASE REPORT OF APPARENT TETRALOGY OF FALLOT PUBLISHED ALMOST FIFTY YEARS PRIOR TO FALLOT'S CLASSIC REPORT IN 1888
Authors: C. T. E.
Published: October 2019

In 1888 Etienne L. A. Fallot (1850-1911) gave an important but not the first account of the condition that bears his name.1 The earliest American description of a child with putative tetralogy of Fallot that I have been able to find was reported in 1842 as follows:

About two years since, I was called to visit a child of Mr. S., of this town, aged two years and six months. Mrs. S. related the history of the case as follows. From birth to the age of eleven months, there was nothing unnatural in the health or appearance of the child. At this time it began to be very much afflicted by ill turns, attended with laborious respiration, palpitation and a peculiar blueness of the skin. After a few minutes the paroxysm would pass off, leaving her in a state of great exhaustion. These paroxysms continued, at regular intervals, with increasing severity, up to the time of its death, which occurred on the 14th inst.

Post-mortem Examination, Sixteen Hours after Death.—Body very much emaciated; face bloated; skin blue; lungs small and dark colored; one and a half ounces of serum in pericardium; heart weighed five and a half ounces; hypertrophy of right ventricle; aorta communicated with both ventricles equally; pulmonary artery very small; its communication with the right ventricle would barely admit a common blunt-pointed probe; foramen ovate imperfectly closed. The remaining viscera natural, with the exception of color, which might be expected from the imperfect arterialization of the blood (A. C. Smith, MD, Haverhill [MA], July 22, 1842).
Age-Related Symptomatology of ECHO 11 Virus Infection in Children
Authors: Suzuki Norikazu , Ishikawa Kazuo , Horiuchi Takeshi , Shibazaki Michiko , Soda Kenji
Published: October 2019

One hundred two chjildren with ECHO 11 virus infection were analyzed as to symptomatology, which was related to the age of the patients. Neonates manifested an undifferentiated febrile illness in most cases. The symptomatology of older infants and toddlers was different from that of newborns with respect to the presence of discernible pharyngitis in two thirds of the cases. An exaggerated febrile response complicated by convulsions or gastrointestinal symptoms was another characteristic feature of this age group. A characteristic manifestation of children more than 3 years old was pharyngitis which included minute vesicular lesions or exudative ulcers around the fauces.