bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Added value of shear-wave elastography in the prediction of extracapsular extension and seminal vesicle invasion before radical prostatectomy
Authors: Sun Yi-Kang , Yu Yang , Xu Guang , Wu Jian , Liu Yun-Yun , Wang Shuai , Dong Lin , Xiang Li-Hua , Xu Hui-Xiong
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze the value of transrectal shear-wave elastography (SWE) in combination with multivariable tools for predicting adverse pathological features before radical prostatectomy (RP). Preoperative clinicopathological variables, multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) manifestations, and the maximum elastic value of the prostate (Emax) on SWE were retrospectively collected. The accuracy of SWE for predicting adverse pathological features was evaluated based on postoperative pathology, and parameters with statistical significance were selected. The diagnostic performance of various models, including preoperative clinicopathological variables (model 1), preoperative clinicopathological variables + mp-MRI (model 2), and preoperative clinicopathological variables + mp-MRI + SWE (model 3), was evaluated with area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) analysis. Emax was significantly higher in prostate cancer with extracapsular extension (ECE) or seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) with both P: < 0.001. The optimal cutoff Emax values for ECE and SVI were 60.45 kPa and 81.55 kPa, respectively. Inclusion of mp-MRI and SWE improved discrimination by clinical models for ECE (model 2 vs model 1, P = 0.031; model 3 vs model 1, P = 0.002; model 3 vs model 2, P = 0.018) and SVI (model 2 vs model 1, P = 0.147; model 3 vs model 1, P = 0.037; model 3 vs model 2, P = 0.134). SWE is valuable for identifying patients at high risk of adverse pathology.
In-vivo antidiabetic and antidyslipidemic effects of methanolic leaf extract of Combretum indicum in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Majumder Senjuti , Abu Hanif Hossain Md. , Bulbul Israt Jahan , Ahmed Zebunnesa , Rajdoula Rafe Md.
Published: September 2022

Background

Combretum indicum (locally known as Basantilata) is a notable medicinal plant belonging to the family Combretaceae. Extracts collected from leaves of this plant have activities including antibacterial, antipyretic, and antidiarrheal activities.

Objective

This study was designed to evaluate the crude methanolic leaf extract of C. indicum (MLCI) to evaluate its activities in hyperglycemic and dyslipidemic rats.

Materials and methods

In-vivo antidiabetic and antidyslipidemic activities of the extract were studied in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat models following the standard protocol established earlier. The rats were randomly divided into groups I–V as normal control, diabetic control, metformin, MLCI 250 mg/kg, and MLCI 500 mg/kg body weight, respectively.

Results and conclusion

The in-vivo studies indicated concentration-dependent and significant (P<0.05, 0.01, 0.001) reductions of elevated blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels in the treatment groups compared with diabetes-induced control group. Simultaneously, a significant (P<0.001) rise in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol level was also observed in the study. The results revealed the advantageous roles of the MLCI in the management of diabetes mellitus.
Synthesis, biological activity, and in silico studies of thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine and thieno[2,3-d]triazine derivatives
Authors: El-Hag Fatma A.A. , Elrashedy Ahmed A. , Sweed Ayman M.K. , Ewies Ewies F. , Abd-El-Maksoud Mansoura A. , Aly Magdy S. , Atta Sanaa M.Sh.
Published: September 2022

Background

The chemistry of condensed heterocyclic compounds has emerged in numerous reports for their diverse biological properties and drug discovery. Pyrimidine and triazine scaffolds have been utilized as therapeutic agents in many medicinal applications. Many research groups have designed and synthesized pyrimidine moieties as they are incorporated in nucleic acid bases.

Objective

In this report, we have designed and synthesized a variety of 2-mercaptothieno pyrimidine and thienotriazine derivatives and 2-mercaptothienopyrimidines conjugated with sugar moiety. The newly synthesized compounds were tested for their biological activity against breast (MCF-7), liver (HepG-2), and prostate (PC-3) cancer cell lines as well as a normal cell line (human normal melanocyte, HFB4) and were also analyzed for in silico studies to determine their potential.

Materials and methods

A variety of 2-mercaptothienopyrimidine and thienotriazine derivatives were prepared via cyclization of ethyl 2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene-3-carboxylate (1) and 2-amino-N-phenyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene-3-carboxamide (9). Two derivatives of 2-mercaptothienopyrimidines conjugated with sugar moiety were also prepared. The products were screened for their biological activity against breast (MCF-7), liver (HepG-2), and prostate (PC-3) cancer cell lines as well as the normal cell line (human normal melanocyte, HFB4) in comparison with the known anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil using the MTT assay.

Results and conclusion

The results indicated that most of the tested compounds exhibited no activity against the growth of HFB4. Compounds 5, 8, 10, 12, and 14 revealed effective antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 cell lines with IC50 of 4.6, 6.2, 5.4, 7, and 3.25 µg/ml, respectively, compared with 5-fluorouracil (IC50 of 3.97 µg/ml). In the same sense, the evaluation of cytotoxic effect of the tested compounds against human liver HepG-2 cancer cell lines revealed that compounds 5, 8, 10, 12, and 14 showed cytotoxic activity close to that of the standard drug (IC50 values of 5.77±0.99, 7.23±0.98, 4.42±1.32, 7.9±0.90, and 5.1±11.28 µg/ml, respectively, vs. 4.27±0.58 µg/ml for 5-fluorouracil). Free binding energy was estimated by docking and MM-GBSA calculation. Molecular dynamics simulation followed by MM-GBSA calculation was correlated to the cytotoxic effect. Compound 14 illustrated the highest MM-GBSA value (−20.38) and the best cytotoxic effect.
Physiological, molecular, and immune responses to milk thistle extract administration in goats during peripartum period
Authors: Ghanem Nasser , Mabrok Hoda B. , Shedeed Sameh M. , Abd El-Wahab Walaa M. , Shakweer Waleid M.E. , Mohamed Mamdouh I. , ElSabaawy Eman H.
Published: September 2022

Background

Using natural compounds as additives in livestock nutrition could be a new goal in livestock production. Milk thistle extract is rich in bioactive compounds such as silymarin, which act as a strong antioxidant agent.

Objective

The current study aimed to investigate the metabolic profile, oxidative statue, and immune response after milk thistle extract administration in goats during the peripartum period.

Materials and methods

Multiparous pregnant Egyptian Nubian goats (n=16) were allocated into four experimental groups. The first group was kept as the control group. The second group was administrated milk thistle extract (10 g/day), whereas third and fourth groups were administrated 20 and 30 g/day for 4 months, respectively. Blood biochemical parameters were measured using colorimetric and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Gene expressions of antioxidant genes [catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD1, SOD2), glutathione peroxidase (GPX1), and peroxiredoxin 2] and transcription factor (nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2) were evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR.

Results and conclusion

Biochemical parameters (total protein, glucose, total lipids, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, urea, creatinine, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine) in plasma of groups administrated with milk thistle extract did not significantly differ compared with the control group. Milk thistle extract at high levels (20 and 30 g/day) significantly increased the level of activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GPX), total antioxidant capacity, and total immunoglobulin in cases compared with the control group. Moreover, milk thistle extract (20 or 30 g/day) significantly decreased the level of malondialdehyde (lipid peroxidation biomarker) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (inflammatory biomarker) in cases compared with the control group. The results indicated a significant increase in transcript abundance of CAT, GPX1, and SOD1 mRNA in the three groups administrated with milk thistle extract compared with the control group. However, mRNA expressions of SOD2, peroxiredoxin 2, and nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 were significantly up-regulated after administration with milk thistle extract at high levels (20 and 30 g/day). Milk thistle extract exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulator effects during pregnancy and lactation in goat and maintained normal physiological functions.
An Evaluation of Micronutrient Status in Severe Obesity and Follow-Up Assessment after Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Khan Saba Amin , Sachan Astha , Arumugaswamy Prasanna Ramana , Singh Archna , Aggarwal Sandeep , Yadav Rakhee
Published: September 2022

Background:

Micronutrient deficiency is common in obesity despite surplus weight and high caloric intake. Further exacerbation is often seen after bariatric surgery due to the resultant dietary restrictions, and physiological and anatomical alterations. Owing to the rising prevalence of obesity in India with a simultaneous surge in bariatric surgeries, an account of micronutrient status is required. This will help in identifying susceptible individuals and setting up priorities for prevention and intervention.

Subjects and Methods:

A retrospective study was designed to analyze the data collected before and until 1 year (3, 6, and 12 months) after bariatric surgery in individuals with severe obesity (body mass index ≥35 kg/m2, n = 150). We included the assessment of nutritional parameters, namely, serum iron, ferritin, total iron-binding capacity, Vitamin B12, folic acid, homocysteine, calcium, phosphorus, Vitamin D, and parathormone along with anthropometric and routine biochemical investigations.

Results:

Deficiency of Vitamin D was most prevalent (52%) at baseline, followed by anemia (21%). Ferritin deficiency was 9.3%, followed by iron (8.0%), Vitamin B12(7.3%), and folate deficiency (4.7%) at baseline. There was a remarkable improvement in Vitamin D deficiency (26%), whereas the percent prevalence of other micronutrients has shown deterioration in 12 months after bariatric surgery. No significant difference existed in the prevalence of micronutrient deficiency between laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (n = 75) and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (n = 75) over the 12-month follow-up period.

Conclusion:

Micronutrient deficiencies persisted after bariatric surgery underlining the need for fine adjustment of supplementations and monitoring compliance to ensure the best patient outcomes.
Role of Echocardiography in Catheter Interventions for the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract
Authors: Sen Supratim
Published: September 2022

The treatment strategies and timing of corrective or palliative procedures for patients with right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) obstruction vary depending on the lesion and also on the severity of the patient's symptoms. A wide variety of right heart obstructive lesions ranging from severe valvar pulmonary stenosis, pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum, and tetralogy of Fallot can be treated effectively with corrective or palliative interventions in the catheterization laboratory. Interventional procedures to relieve right ventricular outflow obstruction and/or to augment antegrade pulmonary blood flow include balloon pulmonary valvotomy, pulmonary valve perforation, and RVOT stenting. In all these interventions, echocardiography plays an essential role, not only in the preprocedural assessment and case selection but also during the actual procedure in the catheter laboratory. With proper use, a transthoracic echocardiogram can minimize radiation exposure, help in stent positioning in the RVOT, and even detect complications instantaneously. This manuscript reviews the role of echocardiography in transcatheter interventions of the RVOT.
Umbilical Cord Serum Zinc in Neonates Delivered at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu
Authors: Olisaka CL , Iloh KK , Asinobi IN , Ubesie AC , Ikefuna AN , Ibe BC
Published: September 2022

Background:

Zinc is particularly involved in cellular growth, neurodevelopment, and immune function, which is critical for child survival. To reduce neonatal mortality in developing countries, cost-effective and evidence-based interventions that can enhance growth, development, and immunity, need to be considered. Determining the zinc levels of neonates and how it relates to both gestational age is therefore imperative.

Subjects and Methods:

A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, aimed at determining the umbilical cord serum zinc levels among neonates and their relationship with their gestational age. Two hundred and seventy-five neonates of gestational ages 28 to 42 weeks were enrolled in the study. Serum zinc levels were determined using the flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS model no. FS 240 AA.USA, Agilent Technology Ltd.).

Results:

Among the 275 neonates, there were 27 (9.82%), 28 (10.18%), and 220 (80%) preterms, moderate-to-late preterms, and term neonates, respectively. The mean serum zinc level of all neonates was 87 ± 16.07 μg/dL and within the normal limit of serum zinc. Their mean serum zinc level increased with increasing gestational age (F = 90.424, P < 0.001). Very preterm and moderate-to-late preterm neonates had mean serum zinc levels of 65.13 μg/dL ± 6.15 and 69.85 μg/dL ± 9.63 μg/dL, respectively.

Conclusion:

This study revealed that though the overall mean serum zinc of neonates was normal, preterms (especially those of lower gestational ages) were zinc deficient. Routine zinc supplementation at birth should be considered in preterm neonates to reduce the untoward effects of zinc deficiency.
Salivary Flow Rate, pH, and Buffer Capacity in the Individuals with Obesity and Overweight; A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hatipoğlu Ö , Maraş E , Hatipoğlu FP , Saygin AG
Published: September 2022

Background:

Weight in individuals can affect the saliva structure, which has an essential role in caries prevention.

Aim:

This meta-analysis aimed to compare individuals with obesity (OB)/overweight (OW) and normal weight (NW) in terms of salivary flow rate (SFR), salivary pH (SpH), salivary buffer capacity (SBC).

Materials and Methods:

After electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Open Grey databases) were screened, studies were selected depending on inclusion criteria. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist was used to assess the risk of bias in individual studies. Mean differences (MD) were used to measure the effect estimates in the comparisons of OB vs NW, OW vs NW, and OB+OW vs NW. Additional analyzes such as subgroup, moderator, sensitivity, and grade were also performed.

Results:

24 studies and 2072 participants (SFR: 748 OB, 896 NW, SpH: 137 OB, 166 NW, SBC: 62 OB, 63 NW) were included in the quantitative synthesis. Significantly lower SFR was found in the group with OB compared to NW when saliva was stimulated (MD = -0.21, 95% CI [-0.30, -0.12], P < 0.001), but no significance was obtained when saliva was unstimulated (MD = -0.02, 95% CI [-0.11, 0.06], P = 0.55). No significant difference was found in the group with OB compared to NW in SpH (MD = -0.07, 95% CI [-0.26,0.12], P = 0.48) and SBC (MD = -1.10, 95% CI [-2.29,0.09], P = 0.07).

Conclusions:

SFR significantly decreases in individuals with OB, notably when saliva is stimulated. Besides, the decrease in SFR is much more prominent in adolescence and adulthood than in childhood. Furthermore, the increase in the severity of OB causes a much greater decrease in SFR. However, regarding SpH and SBC, no significant association exists.
The Reversing Effect of Ondansetron on Bupivacaine-Induced Sciatic Nerve Block
Authors: Saltali AO , Apiliogullari S , Bagci S , Sargon MF , Celik JB , Onal O
Published: September 2022

Background and Aims:

This experimental study was designed to test the hypothesis that ondansetron, a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, would decrease the duration of motor, sensory, and proprioception blockade in a dose-dependent fashion in a bupivacaine-induced sciatic nerve blockade.

Materials and Methods:

Forty-nine male Wistar Albino rats who underwent unilateral sciatic nerve block were divided into seven groups with an equal number in each group. Group B: only perineural block (PB), Group BO200: PB and perineural 200 μg ondansetron, Group BO400: PB and perineural 400 μg ondansetron, Group BO800: PB and perineural 800 μg ondansetron, Group BO800IP: PB and intraperitoneal 800 μg ondansetron, Group O800: only perineural 800 μg ondansetron, Group S: sham-operated. The rats' motor, sensory, and proprioception functions were evaluated by a blinded investigator every 10 min until they returned to normal function. The recovery times of the motor, sensory, and proprioception functions were recorded and compared. All sciatic nerves were removed and examined by electron microscopy for neurotoxic signs.

Results:

In which sciatic nerve block was formed with bupivacaine, the duration of the motor, sensory, and proprioception functions blockade was decreased, and the duration to return to normal functions was significantly shortened at Group BO800 (p < 0.05). According to electron microscopy results, perineural 200 μg, 400 μg, and 800 μg ondansetron were not neurotoxic.

Conclusion:

This is the first study showing that perineural ondansetron administration (800 μg dose) reverses the effect of the local anesthetics and shortens the duration of the motor, sensory, and proprioception functions blockade.
Revascularization of Near Total Amputation of the Hand
Authors: Ajani A , Ilori OS , Adesina AA , Salihu MN , Yunusa R , Wadanas U
Published: September 2022

Traumatic near total amputation of the hand with major vascular injury may lead to loss of the hand with dire consequences to the patient. A prompt attempt at salvaging the hand is key to prevent the untoward consequences. In addition, the awareness of the possibility of salvage in our environment should be spread among health care personnel as well as the need for multispecialty approach to the management. We report 2 patients with near total unilateral amputation of their hands proximal to the wrist who underwent salvage procedures.
Predictors of Knowledge, Attitudes and Ever Practice Family Planning Among Public Secondary School Teachers in Enugu East Senatorial District, Nigeria
Authors: Okafor OC , MZ Nor Afiah , SG Muthiah
Published: September 2022

Background:

Family planning deficiencies are responsible for high maternal, newborn, and child mortality in Nigeria, and more than half of all death among adult female is linked to maternal death.

Aim:

To ascertain the predictors of good knowledge, positive attitudes, and ever practice family planning among public secondary school teachers in Enugu East Senatorial District, Nigeria.

Subjects and Methods:

A cross-sectional research was carried out among public secondary school teachers aged between 18 and 60 years in Enugu East Senatorial District, Nigeria, using probability proportional to size sampling and systematic random sampling from a selection of 1,000 participants. Factors considered included sources of information on family planning, partner involvement, history of family planning methods, and healthcare facilities. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to establish the relationship. An odds ratio of 95% confidence interval (CI) was estimated to ascertain the level of significance.

Result:

A majority (65.9%) of respondents had a good knowledge of family planning, more than half had positive attitudes (52.7%), and most of them had ever practice family planning (55.0%). Television (AOR = 2.17; 95% CI 1.54-3.06) and social media (AOR = 1.89; 95% CI 1.29-2.78) were effective sources of information to establish significant predictors of good knowledge on family planning. Healthcare (AOR = 0.68; 95% CI 0.51-0.92) and partner discussion (AOR = 3.19; 95% CI 1.94–5.27) were also significant determinants of positive attitudes towards family planning. Cost of obtaining family planning methods (AOR = 0.003; 95% CI 0.001-0.013) and proximity of family planning facilities (AOR = 0.04; 95% CI 0.02-0.10) were notable predictors of ever practice family planning.

Conclusion:

The level of knowledge, attitudes, and ever practiced family planning among teachers are moderate and a significant number of predictors were identified. Effective awareness is recommended and making use of television as a channel to increase levels of knowledge will hopefully encourage utilization of family planning among teachers.
Current practices and Limitations in E Health Informatics
Authors: K. Umamaheshwari , Rathinam Manju , V. Vivekitha , T. N. Dinesh
Published: September 2022

E-health is a field which as seen tremendous growth in the recent times especially after the covid-19 outbreak. E-health offers the potential to provide patients with high-quality care at a reasonable cost in the ease of their own homes. E-health has a wide range of application that includes rehabilitation, cognitive disorder, behavioural therapy, defence application and many more. E-health as a technology is changing tremendously and always been evolving to meet the demands of the current practices. But still, it has certain challenges in implementing such as ethical issues, patient contest etc. Artificial intelligence framework capable of using non-consultancy, reinforcement learning, and all three. Controlling the processes within the m-Health application, choosing the best processes that can be used to alter the user's existing conditions, or selecting the best diagnosis-solution from an array of choices are all supported by intelligent optimization algorithms that can offer faster feedback.
The density of states and local eigenvalue statistics for random band matrices of fixed width
Authors: Brodie Benjamin , Hislop Peter D.
Published: September 2022

We prove that the local eigenvalue statistics for

d = 1

random band matrices with fixed bandwidth and, for example, Gaussian entries, is given by a Poisson point process and we identify the intensity of the process. The proof relies on an extension of the localization bounds of Schenker [23] and the Wegner and Minami estimates. These two estimates are proved using averaging over the diagonal disorder. The new component is a proof of the uniform convergence and the smoothness of the density of states function. The limit function, known to be the semicircle law with a band-width dependent error [5, 14, 15, 20], is identified as the intensity of the limiting Poisson point process. The proof of these results for the density of states relies on a new result that simplifies and extends some of the ideas used by Dolai, Krishna, and Mallick [16]. These authors proved regularity properties of the density of states for random Schrödinger operators (lattice and continuum) in the localization regime. The proof presented here applies to the random Schrödinger operators on a class of infinite graphs treated in [16] and extends the results of [16] to probability measures with unbounded support. The method also applies to fixed bandwidth RBM for

d = 2, 3

provided certain localization bounds are known.
A proof of the triangular Ashbaugh–Benguria–Payne–Pólya–Weinberger inequality
Authors: Arbon Ryan , Mannan Mohammed , Psenka Michael , Ragavan Seyoon
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we show that for all triangles in the plane, the equilateral triangle maximizes the ratio of the first two Dirichlet–Laplacian eigenvalues. This is an extension of work by Siudeja (2010), who proved the inequality in the case of acute triangles. The proof utilizes inequalities due to Siudeja and Freitas (2010), together with improved variational bounds.
Determining the Relationships Between Domestic Credits, Economic Growth and Inflation in Turkiye by Nonlinear Cointegration Analysis
Authors: TUNA Yusuf , DOĞANER Ayça , ÇETİN Güldenur
Published: September 2022

The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between GDP and inflation and domestic

loans given by banks to the private sector by using time series models. In this study, in which the

1972-2020 annual data for Turkiye were used, Harvey et al. (2008) Harvey and Leybourne (2007)

linearity tests, traditional unit root tests for linearly determined series and Kapetanios, Shin and Snell

(2003) (KSS) unit root tests for nonlinear series were performed. After the series were determined to

be stationary, Kapetanios, Shin and Snell (KSS) (2006) cointegration test was performed. According to

the results of the analysis, no cointegrated relationship was found between the GDP and inflation and

domestic loans given by banks to the private sector in Turkiye. As a result, it can be said that there is

no pass-through effect on GDP and inflation rates as a result of the increase/decrease in loans given

by banks to the private sector in Turkiye.
Türk Sigorta Sektörünün 2002-2021 Dönemi için MEREC, LOPCOW, COCOSO, EDAS ÇKKV Yöntemleri ile Performansının Değerlendrilmesi
Authors: BEKTAŞ Selahattin
Published: September 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı Türk sigorta sektörünün 2002-2021 dönemi performansının değerlendirilmesidir. Çalışmada Türk sigorta sektörünün performansının değerlendirilmesi için altı adet performans
kriteri belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada iki farklı kriter ağırlıklandırma yöntemi ve iki farklı performans değerlendirme yöntemi olmak üzere toplam dört farklı yöntem kullanılmıştır. Kriterlerin ağırlıklandırılmasında MEREC ve LOPCOW yöntemlerinden faydalanılmıştır. Performans değerlendirmesinde COCOSO ve
EDAS yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. İki farklı kriter ağırlıklandırma yönteminden elde edilen sonuçlar ortak
ağırlıklandırma yöntemiyle birleştirilmiştir. Kriter ağırlıklandırma sonuçlarına göre en önemli kriterler
sırası ile toplam ödenen tazminatlar, toplam öz sermaye ve toplam aktifler olarak tespit edilmiştir.
Performans değerlendirme sonuçlarına göre COCOSO ve EDAS yönteminde en iyi performansın gerçekleştiği yıl 2020 yılıdır. Elde edilen diğer bir sonuç ise COCOSO ve EDAS yönteminde en iyi alternatif
dönem (2020) haricinde, diğer alternatiflerin oldukça farklılık gösterdiği saptanmıştır.
Optimal Control Problem for Systems Modelled by Diffusion-Wave Equation,
Authors: Постнов С.С.
Published: September 2022

В данной статье рассматривается задача оптимального управления для модельной системы, которая описывается одномерным неоднородным диффузионно-волновым уравнением, представляющим собой обобщение волнового уравнения на случай, когда производная по времени имеет дробный порядок и понимается в смысле Капуто. В общем случае мы рассматриваем как граничное, так и распределенное управление, которые считаются функциями, интегрируемыми по Лебегу с некоторой степенью $p$ ($p>1$, включая $p = \infty$). Ставятся и анализируются два типа задач оптимального управления: задача поиска управления с минимальной нормой при заданном времени управления и задача быстродействия --- задача поиска управления, переводящего систему в заданное состояние за минимальное время при заданном ограничении на норму управления. Исследование строится на использовании точного решения диффузионно-волнового уравнения, с помощью которого задача оптимального управления сводится к бесконечномерной $l$-проблеме моментов. Мы также рассматриваем конечномерную $l$-проблему моментов, получаемую аналогичным образом с использованием приближенного решения диффузионно-волнового уравнения. Для этой задачи анализируется корректность и разрешимость. Наконец, рассматривается пример расчета граничного управления с использованием конечномерной $l$-проблемы моментов.
Existence of Global Classical Solutions for the Saint-Venant Equations
Authors: Azib R. , Georgiev S. , Kheloufi A. , Mebarki K.
Published: September 2022

Nowadays, investigations of the existence of global classical solutions for non linear evolution equations is a topic of active mathematical research. In this article, we are concerned with a classical system of shallow water equations which describes long surface waves in a fluid of variable depth. This system was proposed in 1871 by Adh\'{e}mar Jean-Claude Barr\'{e} de Saint-Venant. Namely, we investigate an initial value problem for the one dimensional Saint-Venant equations. We are especially interested in question of what sufficient conditions the initial data and the topography of the bottom must verify in~order that the considered system has global classical solutions. In order to prove our main results we use a~new topological approach based on the fixed point abstract theory of the sum of two operators in Banach spaces. This basic and new idea yields global existence theorems for many of the interesting equations of mathematical physics.
On the Spectrum of a Toeplitz Operator in a Countable Normed Space of Smooth Functions
Authors: Пасенчук А.Э. , Серегина В.В.
Published: September 2022

В счетно-нормированном пространстве гладких на единичной окружности функций рассматривается оператор Теплица с символом, являющимся отношением гладких функций. Изучаются вопросы ограниченности, нетеровости и обратимости таких операторов. Вводятся понятия гладкой вырожденной факторизации типа минус гладких функций и связанной с ней подходящей вырожденной факторизации типа минус. Получен критерий в терминах символа существования подходящей вырожденной факторизации типа минус. Как и в классическом случае оператора Теплица в пространствах суммируемых функций с винеровским символом, нетеровость оператора Теплица оказалась равносильной наличию подходящей факторизации типа минус его символа. При этом индекс этой факторизации, определяющий индекс оператора Теплица, может быть выражен через некоторые функционалы, определяемые символом оператора.В частности, получен критерий обратимости этого оператора в терминах символа оператора. Этот критерий формулируется в форме соотношения, связывающего число нулей, число полюсов и сингулярный индекс символа. Такая формулировка позволяет эффективно описать спектр оператора Теплица в счетно-нормированном пространстве гладких на единичной окружности функций. Получены соотношения, связывающие спектры некоторых специальных операторов Теплица в пространствах гладких и суммируемых функций. Приводятся примеры, показывающие, что спектр оператора Теплица в счетно-нормированном пространстве, вообще говоря, существенно отличается от спектра оператора Теплица в пространствах суммируемых функций. В частности, спектр ограниченного оператора Теплица в счетно-нормированном пространстве может оказаться открытым и (или) неограниченным подмножеством комплексной плоскости.
Evaluasi Kesesuaian Peresepan Suplemen Terhadap Formularium Rumah Sakit Pada Pasien Rawat Inap Di Instalasi Farmasi Salah Satu Rumah Sakit Umum Swasta Kota Bandung
Authors: Narulita Sari Wahyuli , Aprianti Endah
Published: September 2022

Resep adalah permintaan tertulis dari dokter atau dokter gigi, kepada apoteker, baik dalam bentuk paper maupun elektronik untuk menyediakan dan menyerahkan obat bagi pasien sesuai peraturan yang berlaku. Pelayanan kefarmasian adalah suatu pelayanan langsung dan bertanggung jawab kepada pasien yang berkaitan dengan sediaan farmasi dengan maksud mencapai hasil yang pasti untuk meningkatkan mutu kehidupan pasien. Standar pelayanan minimal farmasi terkait dengan kesesuaian peresepan dengan formularium rumah sakit. Suplemen makanan merupakan produk yang dimaksudkan untuk melengkapi kebutuhan zat gizi makanan, mengandung satu atau lebih vitamin, mineral, asam amino atau bahan lain (berasal dari tumbuhan atau bukan tumbuhan) yang mempunyai nilai gizi dan atau efek fisiologis dalam jumlah terkonsentras.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui banyak persentase kesesuaian dan ketidaksesuaian peresepan suplemen formularium rumah sakit pada pasien rawat inap di Instalasi Farmasi salah satu Rumah Sakit Umum Swasta Kota Bandung. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian non-eksperimental, metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah observasional bersifat deskriptif kuantitatif. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan mengevaluasi dan  menggunakan lembar observasi berupa daftar checklist. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesesuaian peresepan suplemen formularium rumah sakit pada pasien rawat inap di Instalasi Farmasi salah satu Rumah Sakit Umum Swasta Kota Bandung memperoleh persentase 78,42% dengan ketidaksesuaian yang mencapai 21,58%. Kesesuaian peresepan terhadap formularium  dikategorikan belum memenuhi standar, persentase kurang dari 100% dapat dikatakan bahwa dokter tidak patuh dalam menuliskan sesuai formularium. Dibandingkan dengan standar minimal umah sakit terkait kefarmasian, hasil ini sangat jauh dari yang diharapkan.
Diseño conceptual de una caminadora para realizar pruebas de esfuerzo
Authors: Olivares César Chávez , Alejandre Efraín Zaleta , Revilla Sergio Joaquín Rangel , Andrés Ozen Ahias Hernández
Published: September 2022

En este artículo se presentan los resultados de una investigación llevada a cabo en el Centro Cardiológico de Alta Especialidad “Sagrado Corazón”, ubicado en Huejutla de Reyes, Hgo., la cual tuvo como objetivo obtener el diseño conceptual de una caminadora para realizar pruebas de esfuerzo que permita utilizar el protocolo de Bruce, esto surge ante la necesidad que presenta el centro médico en mejorar la calidad asistencial para tener la mejor atención al mínimo costo posible debido a los altos costos de importación para la adquisición de equipo de tecnología médica. Las metodologías implementadas, corresponden al modelo Kano, metodología QFD, método Pugh, técnicas de innovación TRIZ, métodos numéricos y analíticos. Los resultados obtenidos son la identificación de los atributos funcionales del sistema, el modelado y simulación virtual en un programa de CAD. Se concluye que la metodología aplicada al diseño, permite transformar las necesidades del cliente a características técnicas y se verificó mediante el Método de Elementos Finitos (MEF) que los componentes soportarán las cargas y condiciones de operación que permitirán utilizar el protocolo de Bruce para una etapa posterior.
Depresión en el periodo de confinamiento provocado por el virus Sars-Cov-2 o COVID-19
Authors: Castro Hilda Soledad Torres , Núñez Nicole Ortiz , Pérez Elzebeth Yoalli Ríos , Nieves Marco Antonio Trujillo
Published: September 2022

Un estudio publicado en Gaceta Médica de México volumen 156, número 4 (Galindo-Vázquez, et al., 2020) señala que la depresión tuvo un notable incremento en la población mexicana durante el periodo de cuarentena, provocando serios problemas de salud mental; por ello el propósito de esta investigación fue buscar la relación entre dos variables: a) la depresión en jóvenes de 18 a 22 años y b) el confinamiento por COVID-19 y con ello poner a prueba la hipótesis: la depresión en jóvenes aumentó de manera considerable durante el confinamiento por dos años debido al COVID-19. El estudio se llevó a cabo en una muestra no probabilística intencional de 150 jóvenes de 18 a 22 años, estudiantes y residentes de la Ciudad de México. Se utilizó el Inventario de Depresión de Aaron Beck o BDI-II (1996) adaptando los ítems al contexto de confinamiento; su aplicación se llevó a cabo en línea. Los resultados confirmaron la hipótesis de investigación concluyendo la existencia de correlación entre la depresión y el confinamiento por dos años debido al COVID 19.
Conocimiento Profesional del profesor que enseña matemáticas en primaria
Authors: Murillo Yury Marcela Cano , Aristizabal Luz Stella Mejía , López Carlos Mario Jaramillo
Published: September 2022

Este estudio de investigación procura analizar el conocimiento didáctico del profesor que enseña matemáticas en primaria en la (re) construcción del currículo de matemáticas, en el marco de un programa de desarrollo profesional [1]. El referente experiencial como profesora e investigadora y la revisión de literatura, posibilitó plantear el problema de investigación para atender dificultades asociadas con el conocimiento de los profesores que enseñan matemáticas en primaria. Se han considerado investigaciones enfocadas en el currículo de matemáticas, el conocimiento y desarrollo profesional del profesor, asuntos que permiten un acercamiento al problema, en cuanto al conocimiento que debe tener un profesor para lograr interpretar y gestionar el currículo de matemáticas, planificar la práctica educativa y su implementación en el aula. La metodología de la investigación se enmarca en un paradigma de corte cualitativo y utiliza como método la teoría fundamentada; en el proceso de recolección de la información se han utilizado las tareas de formación. Se logra percibir que las tareas posibilitan develar rasgos, formas, modos, creencias y estilos de gestión curricular; además, reconocer aspectos del conocimiento didáctico involucrados con la planeación e implementación de la clase de matemáticas.
Isolation and Characterization of Different Bacterial Strains from Soils, With the Potential of Degrading Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Under Aerobic Conditions
Authors: Yasaca Diana Arellano , Damián Carmen Yambay , Van Hoang Thanh , Yin Chou Tien , Yeh Mei Ling , Wang Chun-Tse
Published: September 2022

Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) are persistent organic compounds used between 1930 and 1970 as thermal insulators in electrical equipment such as transformers, electrical condensers, heat exchangers, and hydraulic systems. Currently, this xenobiotic is a potential source of pollution to soil and water resources. This research aimed to isolate and characterize bacteria strains possessing a high potential to degrade PCBs contained in used dielectric oils. The bacteria strains were isolated from a soil sample taken from “Alao” Hydroelectric Power Center. Four culture media were used for the soil sample culturing: Agar for Standard Methods Medium (STD), Phosphorus, Ammonium, and Salts Medium (PAS), Minimum Medium (Mm), and Minimum Medium (Mm) supplemented with 25 µL of oil contaminated with 43,6 ppm of PCBs. The isolation, screening, and stabilization process were carried out using three culture media: STD, PAS, and Mm, each supplemented with 25 µL of oil contaminated with 43,6 ppm of PCBs. Nineteen bacterial colonies were isolated and exposed to a higher concentration of PCBs. Eighteen colonies could tolerate 250 µL of oil contaminated with 500 ppm of PCBs. Once stabilized and purified these bacteria strains, were characterized according to their microscopic and macroscopic characteristics and tolerance to heavy metals. Through biochemical tests, 18 strains were identified belonging to Providencia alcalifaciens, Proteus mirabillis, Providencia rettgeri, Providencia stuartii, Pseudomona alcaligenes, Morganella morganii, and Shigella disenteriae
The Effects of Microcredit on Agricultural Production among Small-Scale Farmers in Kori Chiefdom, Moyamba District, Southern Province, Sierra Leone
Authors: Bah Abdul Salami , U. Bah Chernor Alpha , Francis Musa Mohamed , Tandason Abdul Fataio , George Daniel Rince
Published: September 2022

- Lack of capital has been identified as one of the constraints faced by small-scale farmers. The aim of the research was to assess the impact of credit on agricultural production with specific objectives to determine its effect on farm size, labour employment and quantity of inputs as well as output among small-scale farmers in Kori Chiefdom Moyamba District and to determine any significant difference, if any between borrowers and nonborrowers. Structured questionnaires were administered to respondents. Seven respondents were targeted from each of the fifteen (15) villages, which give a sample size of one hundred and five (105) respondents from the chiefdom. The sample consisted of age (youth and elderly), sex (male and female) and rice farmers using the stratified random sampling technique, and the data obtained were summarized into tables, pie and bar charts with percentages and frequency. Secondary data were obtained from both published and unpublished literatures. Results showed a significant difference between borrowers and non-borrowers in farm size, farm output, income status and quantity of all inputs used (except family labour, fertilizer, hoes/cutlasses and animal traction). According to the research, farmers in rural areas had difficult access to agricultural credit and loans. In the research area, only 38 out of 105 farmers (36%) received microcredit for farming, compared to the majority (64%) who did not. Based on the analysis' results, borrowers had farms that were significantly larger than those of non-borrowers; the majority of them (86.6%) had between 6 and 10 acres, while just 13.40% had between 1 and 5 acres. Neither borrowers nor non-borrowers had farms with a size between 11 and 16 acres and above (0%), while the majority of non-borrowers (91.40%) had farms with a size between 1 and 5 acres, 5.60% had farms with a size between 6 and 10. This suggests that the rise in farm size that borrowers experience is more significant when financing to small-scale farmers. The study shows therefore that, access to microcredit over a long period of time impacts positively on agricultural production. Government and the organized private sector should provide credit regularly and timely to farmers.
Flood Risk Zones, Housing Development and Response of Residential Property Owners in Calabar Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Okey Ogar, Timothy , Asuquo Etim, Emmanuel , Obietta Ayuk Simon
Published: September 2022

The study examined flood risk zones as ecological constraint to housing development and the response of residential property owners in the Calabar metropolis, Nigeria. Multi-research design was used to map flood risk zones. The continuous data types include satellite imageries, digital elevation model, distance to river and administrative boundary data made up secondary data. Primary data include questionnaires administered to 400 respondents based on the Taro Yamane sample size formula and multi criteria analysis was adopted to select flood prone zones. Findings revealed that places such as MCC road, Old Odukpani Road, Good luck Jonathan Bypass, IBB way, Murtala Mohammed way, Marian and Ndidem Iso Road are located at the very low risk zones. Furthermore, areas located within the Low-risk zone include: Atu street, Ediba Road, Palm street, Summit hills road, Uwanse road, Orok–orok streets, Mary Slessor avenue, 4th avenue and Barracks road. More so, streets such as: Eyo-Ita, Court road, Ekorinim, New Airport road, Atimbo, Bedwell street and Diamond road are located within the Moderate risk zone. Lastly, areas like Jebs road, Edem Ekpo street, Afokang street and Hawkins road fall under the low-risk zones, while no street was classified as very high-risk zone. However flash floods do a lot of damage to properties of urban residents yet many find it difficult to relocate due to cost implicatioin. 69.5% of respondents experience severe flooding 3 to 4 times a year while 10.5% and 20% experience the disaster twice and once respectively in a year. Majority of the respondents depend on government preventive measures. Mixed layouts varying from walled, unwalled to kindred has not help matters. Indication that Calabar is urbanizing rapidly with weak planning agency leading to irrationality of developers in land acquisition.
Determinants of Health Facilities Influencing Utilization of Free Maternity Services Among Women of Reproductive Age 15-49 Years Attending Health Facilities in Homa-Bay County
Authors:   Department of Public and Community Health and Development Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology
Published: September 2022

Free maternity services is the offering of medical and obstetric care to pregnant women without any financial cost. Complications related to pregnancy were a major reproductive health problem that lead to disability and increased maternal deaths. Free maternity was introduced in Kenya in 2013 with a focus of achieving 100% utilization of the service and reducing high mortality rate. Homa-Bay County had a low percentage of 54% deliveries taking place in health facilities within the county. The main objective of this study was to establish Determinants of Health facilities Influencing Utilization of Free Maternity Services among Women of Reproductive Age 15-49 Years Attending Health Facilities in Homa-Bay County. Descriptive cross-sectional study design was applied to establish the main objective of this study. A probability and non-probability sampling techniques was used to select 420 respondents. The study utilized quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection. Data analysis was conducted with aid of Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) version 23. Analysis methods used were; factor analysis and regression analyses methods for quantitative data to determine the relationship and associations among the variables. Qualitative data was analyzed through content analysis by conducting thematic analysis. A total of 396 that was 94% response rate established 54% (213/396) mothers were interviewed and were aged between 20 years and 29years. Results showed that; age of the mothers was insignificant in utilization of free maternity services. Further analysis using logistics regression revealed that the respondents who agreed with the need for a well-equipped health facility with good sanitation system were 63% (OR 0.37, p = 0.03) more likely to reuse FMS. Distance was insignificant in utilization as long as the facility was well-equipped and adequately staffed as 57% (228/396).This study concluded that there was significant association between staff respect, and honesty of the staff with utilization of free maternity service. This study recommended that the County Government of Homa-Bay should increase awareness to women of reproductive age at the community level about FMS through Community health promotion officers in order to improve FMS uptake in Homa-Bay County.
Democracy and Underdevelopment in Coastal Communities in Akwa Ibom State Since 1999
Authors:   University Of Uyo, Uyo-Nigeria
Published: September 2022

Democracy in Nigeria and of course in Akwa Ibom State has created lopsided development and thereby widened the gap of inequality in the State. Democracy is a political and constitutional arrangement in which the values of economic development and social welfare of the citizens can grow and be sustained. Inspite of the great potentials in agricultural, mineral and human resources in the state, development has remained uneven. The coastal communities like other rural areas in the mainland, are grossly underdeveloped, despite harbouring the wealth of the state, particularly, petroleum oil and gas. The coastal areas of the state are replete with poor or absence of basic infrastructure, poverty, unemployment high-crime rate, and youth restiveness. The article concludes that democracy in the state rather than foster a sustained development, has created uneven and uncordinated development especially in the coastal areas. That only adequate provision of social infrastructures with sustainable development programme can secure the future of the people both in the hinterland as well as in the coastal communities.