bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk stratification in cardiovascular disease primary prevention – scoring systems, novel markers, and imaging techniques
Authors: Zannad Faiez , De Backer Guy , Graham Ian , Lorenz Matthias , Mancia Giuseppe , Morrow David A. , Reiner Željko , Koenig Wolfgang , Dallongeville Jean , Macfadyen Robert J. , Ruilope Luis M. , Wilhelmsen Lars ,   the ESC Working Group on CardioVascular Pharmacology and Drug Therapy
Published: January 2012

The aim of this paper is to review and discuss current methods of risk stratification for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention, emerging biomarkers, and imaging techniques, and their relative merits and limitations. This report is based on discussions that took place among experts in the area during a special CardioVascular Clinical Trialists workshop organized by the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Drug Therapy in September 2009. Classical risk factors such as blood pressure and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels remain the cornerstone of risk estimation in primary prevention but their use as a guide to management is limited by several factors: (i) thresholds for drug treatment vary with the available evidence for cost‐effectiveness and benefit‐to‐risk ratios; (ii) assessment may be imprecise; (iii) residual risk may remain, even with effective control of dyslipidemia and hypertension. Novel measures include C‐reactive protein, lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2, genetic markers, and markers of subclinical organ damage, for which there are varying levels of evidence. High‐resolution ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging to assess carotid atherosclerotic lesions have potential but require further validation, standardization, and proof of clinical usefulness in the general population. In conclusion, classical risk scoring systems are available and inexpensive but have a number of limitations. Novel risk markers and imaging techniques may have a place in drug development and clinical trial design. However, their additional value above and beyond classical risk factors has yet to be determined for risk‐guided therapy in CVD prevention.
Dupes or Incompetents? An Examination of Management's Impact on Firm Distress
Authors: Leverty J. Tyler , Grace Martin F.
Published: January 2012

Abstract

This article examines whether managers impact firm performance. We conservatively define managerial ability as the manager's capacity to deploy the firm's resources. We verify the validity of our metric using a manager–firm matched panel data set that allows us to track managers (CEOs) across different firms over time. We find managerial ability is inversely related to the amount of time a firm spends in distress, the likelihood of a firm's failure, and the cost of failure. These results suggest that the managers of failed firms are less skilled than their counterparts. But even within failed firms there is heterogeneity in the talents of managers.
Under What Conditions Is an Insurance Guaranty Fund Beneficial for Policyholders?
Authors: Rymaszewski Przemysław , Schmeiser Hato , Wagner Joël
Published: January 2012

Abstract

In this article, we derive conditions in an imperfect market setting, under which the introduction of a self‐supporting insurance guaranty fund improves the position of the policyholders. When a guaranty fund is advantageous given homogeneous firms in the market, all policyholders benefit from it to the same extent, if they have the same underlying risk preferences and are charged identical premiums. In a more realistic heterogeneous setting, the introduction of an insurance guaranty fund is in general no longer beneficial for all policyholders in the same manner. Hence, systematic wealth transfers take place between the policyholders of different insurance companies. As a possible solution, and in order to counteract this effect, we introduce a framework for utility‐based fund charges.
Short Selling: The Impact of SEC Rule 201 of 2010
Authors: Jain Chinmay , Jain Pankaj , McInish Thomas H.
Published: January 2012

Despite its sizeable compliance costs, we are unable to document any clear benefits of SEC Rule 201 in ensuring fair valuations and price stability, promoting higher liquidity and execution quality, or preventing a sudden flash crash or prolonged market crises. Our daily and intraday analysis of data both before and after Rule 201 finds that short sellers are naturally more active before the occurrence of negative returns, not after significant price declines. Our simulation results show that Rule 201 further curtails short selling during normal periods, but is not binding on short sellers during the volatile period of the 2008 financial crisis.
Are Short Sellers Informed? Evidence from REITs
Authors: French Dan W. , Lynch Andrew A. , Yan Xuemin (Sterling)
Published: January 2012

This paper uses intraday short sale data to examine whether short sellers of Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) are informed. We find strong evidence that short selling predicts future returns of REITs. Heavily shorted REITs significantly underperform lightly shorted REITs by approximately 1% over the following 20 trading days. This predictive relation holds for both small and large trades, but is stronger for large short trades. We also document a positive relation between shorting activity and volatility. Our results are consistent with the view that short sellers of REITs are informed and contribute to market efficiency by impounding information into prices.
Are Short Sellers Informed? Evidence from the 2007–2008 Subprime Mortgage Crisis
Authors: Liu Ming , Ma Tongshu , Zhang Yan
Published: January 2012

This paper examines the short selling activities around financial firms’ announcements of asset write‐downs during the 2007–2008 subprime mortgage crisis. We find that short sellers accumulate short positions prior to write‐down announcements, and that stocks experience significantly negative returns around such announcements. These results suggest that the return predictability of short interests is due to short sellers’ informational advantage. Furthermore, we show that short sellers increase their positions significantly in the announcement month and keep increasing their positions afterward, suggesting the feedback effect of the disclosed write‐downs on financial firms’ existing exposures. The valuable information contained in the short interest should encourage regulators to mandate stock exchanges disclose short selling activities more frequently.
The establishment of early B cell tolerance in humans: lessons from primary immunodeficiency diseases
Authors: Meffre Eric
Published: January 2012

Patients with primary immunodeficiency (PID) provide rare opportunities to study the impact of specific gene mutations on the regulation of human B cell tolerance. Alterations in B cell receptor and Toll‐like receptor signaling pathways result in a defective central checkpoint and a failure to counterselect developing autoreactive B cells in the bone marrow. In contrast, CD40L‐ and MHC class II–deficient patients only displayed peripheral B cell tolerance defects, suggesting that decreased numbers of regulatory T cells and increased concentration of B cell activating factor (BAFF) may interfere with the peripheral removal of autoreactive B cells. The pathways regulating B cell tolerance identified in PID patients are likely to be affected in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and type 1 diabetes who display defective central and peripheral B cell tolerance checkpoints. Indeed, risk alleles encoding variants altering BCR signaling, such as PTPN22 alleles associated with the development of these diseases, interfere with the removal of developing autoreactive B cells. Hence, insights into B cell selection from PID patients are highly relevant to the understanding of the etiology of autoimmune conditions.
Antiplatelet Therapy for Transient Ischemic Attack
Authors: Acelajado Maria Czarina , Oparil Suzanne
Published: January 2012

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich).****;**:**–**. ©2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is currently defined as a transient episode of neurologic dysfunction caused by focal brain, spinal cord, or retinal ischemia without infarction. TIA is an important risk factor for stroke and other major vascular events. Risk factors for TIA or stroke need to be addressed effectively to reduce the risk for stroke in patients who have had a TIA. Aspirin (ASA) significantly reduces the risk for stroke when given after a TIA, stroke, or myocardial infarction in a dose of 50 mg/d to 325 mg/d. The role of ASA in the primary prevention of TIA or stroke, however, is less well‐substantiated. Clopidogrel may be used in the secondary prevention of TIA or stroke, but its antiplatelet effect may be reduced in poor metabolizers of the drug. The combination of ASA and extended‐release dipyridamole is effective in reducing risk for TIA and stroke, and may confer additional risk‐lowering without an increased risk of bleeding compared with ASA alone. ASA monotherapy, clopidogrel alone, or the combination of ASA and extended‐release dypiridamole are all acceptable options for initial therapy in patients with a TIA and stroke, and the combination of ASA plus extended‐release dypiridamole is recommended over ASA alone.
A Sequential Algorithm for Reliability-Based Robust Design Optimization Under Epistemic Uncertainty
Authors: Tang Yuanfu , Chen Jianqiao , Wei Junhong
Published: January 2012

In practical applications, there may exist a disparity between real values and optimal results due to uncertainties. This kind of disparity may cause violations of some probabilistic constraints in a reliability based design optimization (RBDO) problem. It is important to ensure that the probabilistic constraints at the optimum in a RBDO problem are insensitive to the variations of design variables. In this paper, we propose a novel concept and procedure for reliability based robust design in the context of random uncertainty and epistemic uncertainty. The epistemic uncertainty of design variables is first described by an info gap model, and then the reliability-based robust design optimization (RBRDO) is formulated. To reduce the computational burden in solving RBRDO problems, a sequential algorithm using shifting factors is developed. The algorithm consists of a sequence of cycles and each cycle contains a deterministic optimization followed by an inverse robustness and reliability evaluation. The optimal result based on the proposed model satisfies certain reliability requirement and has the feasible robustness to the epistemic uncertainty of design variables. Two examples are presented to demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method.
Vaccine Vectors Derived from a Large Collection of Simian Adenoviruses Induce Potent Cellular Immunity Across Multiple Species
Authors: Colloca Stefano , Barnes Eleanor , Folgori Antonella , Ammendola Virginia , Capone Stefania , Cirillo Agostino , Siani Loredana , Naddeo Mariarosaria , Grazioli Fabiana , Esposito Maria Luisa , Ambrosio Maria , Sparacino Angela , Bartiromo Marta , Meola Annalisa , Smith Kira , Kurioka Ayako , O’Hara Geraldine A. , Ewer Katie J. , Anagnostou Nicholas , Bliss Carly , Hill Adrian V. S. , Traboni Cinzia , Klenerman Paul , Cortese Riccardo , Nicosia Alfredo
Published: January 2012

Simian adenoviruses screened from wild-derived candidates can prime T cell responses in man and may serve as new vaccine vector candidates.
Cervical screening among migrant women: a qualitative study of Polish, Slovak and Romanian women in London, UK
Authors: Jackowska Marta , Wagner Christian von , Wardle Jane , Juszczyk Dorota , Luszczynska Aleksandra , Waller Jo
Published: January 2012

Objective

To explore awareness of and participation in cervical screening services in women from Poland, Slovakia and Romania living in London, UK.

Methods

Three qualitative studies were carried out in London in 2008–2009: an interview study of professionals working with Central and Eastern European migrants (n=11); a focus group study including three Polish, one Slovak and one Romanian focus group; and an interview study of Polish (n=11), Slovak (n=7) and Romanian (n=2) women.

Results

Awareness of the cervical screening programme was good, but understanding of the purpose of screening was sometimes limited. Some women were fully engaged with the UK screening programme; others used screening both in the UK and their countries of origin; and a third group only had screening in their home countries. Women welcomed the fact that screening is free and that reminders are sent, but some were concerned about the screening interval and the age of the first invitation.

Conclusions

Migrant women from Poland, Slovakia and Romania living in London vary in their level of participation in the National Health Service Cervical Screening Programme. More needs to be done to address concerns regarding screening services, and to ensure that language is not a barrier to participation.
Systemic Sclerosis and Multiple Cancers of the Female Genital Tract: Prolonged Survival following Current Treatment Strategies
Authors: Androutsopoulos Georgios , Adonakis Georgios , Tsamandas Athanasios , Andonopoulos Andreas , Decavalas Georgios
Published: January 2012

Background. Systemic sclerosis is a rare, chronic, multisystem, and autoimmune disease. There is an overall increased risk of malignancy in patients with systemic sclerosis. However, multiple cancers of the female genital tract in patients with SSc are a very rare event. Our aim is to present a case of SSc and multiple cancers of the female genital tract, with prolonged survival following current treatment strategies.Case. The patient, a 43-year-old nulliparous premenopausal Greek woman suffering from systemic sclerosis, presented with a history of abdominal pain and abnormal uterine bleeding. She underwent total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, total omentectomy, appendectomy, and pelvic lymph node dissection. The histopathology revealed synchronous primary cancers of the endometrium and left ovary. The final diagnosis was stage Ib endometrial cancer endometrioid type and stage IIIc ovarian cancer endometrioid type. She underwent postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and remains well without evidence of disease 89 months after initial surgery.Conclusion. Although our patient was diagnosed at advanced stage disease, prolonged survival may be related with radical surgery and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy according to current treatment strategies.
Oncolytic virotherapy in veterinary medicine: current status and future prospects for canine patients
Authors: Patil Sandeep S , Gentschev Ivaylo , Nolte Ingo , Ogilvie Gregory , Szalay Aladar A
Published: January 2012

Oncolytic viruses refer to those that are able to eliminate malignancies by direct targeting and lysis of cancer cells, leaving non-cancerous tissues unharmed. Several oncolytic viruses including adenovirus strains, canine distemper virus and vaccinia virus strains have been used for canine cancer therapy in preclinical studies. However, in contrast to human studies, clinical trials with oncolytic viruses for canine cancer patients have not been reported. An 'ideal' virus has yet to be identified. This review is focused on the prospective use of oncolytic viruses in the treatment of canine tumors - a knowledge that will undoubtedly contribute to the development of oncolytic viral agents for canine cancer therapy in the future.
Synchronous and symmetric migration of Drosophila caudal visceral mesoderm cells requires dual input by two FGF ligands
Authors: Kadam Snehalata , Ghosh Srimoyee , Stathopoulos Angelike
Published: January 2012

Caudal visceral mesoderm (CVM) cells migrate synchronously towards the anterior of the Drosophila embryo as two distinct groups located on each side of the body, in order to specify longitudinal muscles that ensheath the gut. Little is known about the molecular cues that guide cells along this path, the longest migration of embryogenesis, except that they closely associate with trunk visceral mesoderm (TVM). The expression of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) heartless and its ligands, pyramus (pyr) and thisbe (ths), within CVM and TVM cells, respectively, suggested FGF signaling may influence CVM cell guidance. In FGF mutants, CVM cells die before reaching the anterior region of the TVM. However, an earlier phenotype observed was that the two cell clusters lose direction and converge at the midline. Live in vivo imaging and tracking analyses identified that the movements of CVM cells were slower and no longer synchronous. Moreover, CVM cells were found to cross over from one group to the other, disrupting bilateral symmetry, whereas such mixing was never observed in wild-type embryos. Ectopic expression of either Pyr or Ths was sufficient to redirect CVM cell movement, but only when the endogenous source of these ligands was absent. Collectively, our results show that FGF signaling regulates directional movement of CVM cells and that native presentation of both FGF ligands together is most effective at attracting cells. This study also has general implications, as it suggests that the activity supported by two FGF ligands in concert differs from their activities in isolation.
Impairment of Catecholamine Systems during Induction of Long-Term Potentiation at Hippocampal CA1 Synapses in HPC-1/Syntaxin 1A Knock-out Mice
Authors: Mishima Tatsuya , Fujiwara Tomonori , Kofuji Takefumi , Akagawa Kimio
Published: January 2012

The membrane protein HPC-1/syntaxin 1A is believed to play a key role in synaptic vesicle exocytosis, and it was recently suggested to be required for synaptic plasticity. Despite evidence for the function of HPC-1/syntaxin 1A in synaptic plasticity, the underlying cellular mechanism is unclear. We found that although fast synaptic transmission and long-term depression were unaffected, HPC-1/syntaxin 1A knock-out (STX1A−/−) mice showed impaired long-term potentiation (LTP) in response to theta-burst stimulation in CA1 hippocampal slices. The impairment in LTP was rescued by the application of forskolin, an adenylyl cyclase activator, or more robust stimulation, suggesting that cAMP/protein kinase A signaling was suppressed in these mice. In addition, catecholamine release from the hippocampus was significantly reduced in STX1A−/−mice. Because HPC-1/syntaxin 1A regulates exocytosis of dense-core synaptic vesicles, which contain neuromodulatory transmitters such as noradrenaline, dopamine and 5-HT, we examined the effect of neuromodulatory transmitters on LTP induction. Noradrenaline and dopamine enhanced LTP induction in STX1A−/−mice, whereas catecholamine depletion reduced LTP induction in wild-type mice. Theses results suggest that HPC-1/syntaxin 1A regulates catecholaminergic systems via exocytosis of dense-core synaptic vesicles, and that deletion of HPC-1/syntaxin 1A causes impairment of LTP induction.
Glutamine and glutamic acid enhance thyroid-stimulating hormone β subunit mRNA expression in the rat pars tuberalis
Authors: Aizawa Sayaka , Sakai Takafumi , Sakata Ichiro
Published: January 2012

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)-producing cells of the pars tuberalis (PT) display distinct characteristics that differ from those of the pars distalis (PD). The mRNA expression ofTSHβandαGSUin PT has a circadian rhythm and is inhibited by melatonin via melatonin receptor type 1; however, the detailed regulatory mechanism forTSHβexpression in the PT remains unclear. To identify the factors that affect PT, a microarray analysis was performed on laser-captured PT tissue to screen for genes coding for receptors that are abundantly expressed in the PT. In the PT, we found high expression of theKA2, which is an ionotropic glutamic acid receptor (iGluR). In addition, the amino acid transporter A2 (ATA2), also known as the glutamine transporter, and glutaminase (GLS), as well asGLS2, were highly expressed in the PT compared to the PD. We examined the effects of glutamine and glutamic acid onTSHβexpression andαGSUexpression in PT slice cultures.l-Glutamine andl-glutamic acid significantly stimulatedTSHβexpression in PT slices after 2- and 4-h treatments, and the effect ofl-glutamic acid was stronger than that ofl-glutamine. In contrast, treatment with glutamine and glutamic acid did not affectαGSUexpression in the PT or the expression ofTSHβorαGSUin the PD. These results strongly suggest that glutamine is taken up by PT cells through ATA2 and that glutamic acid locally converted from glutamine by Gls inducesTSHβexpression via the KA2 in an autocrine and/or paracrine manner in the PT.
An Integrated Scientific Framework for Child Survival and Early Childhood Development
Authors: Shonkoff Jack P. , Richter Linda , van der Gaag Jacques , Bhutta Zulfiqar A.
Published: January 2012

Building a strong foundation for healthy development in the early years of life is a prerequisite for individual well-being, economic productivity, and harmonious societies around the world. Growing scientific evidence also demonstrates that social and physical environments that threaten human development (because of scarcity, stress, or instability) can lead to short-term physiologic and psychological adjustments that are necessary for immediate survival and adaptation, but which may come at a significant cost to long-term outcomes in learning, behavior, health, and longevity. Generally speaking, ministries of health prioritize child survival and physical well-being, ministries of education focus on schooling, ministries of finance promote economic development, and ministries of welfare address breakdowns across multiple domains of function. Advances in the biological and social sciences offer a unifying framework for generating significant societal benefits by catalyzing greater synergy across these policy sectors. This synergy could inform more effective and efficient investments both to increase the survival of children born under adverse circumstances and to improve life outcomes for those who live beyond the early childhood period yet face high risks for diminished life prospects.
Generalized Buneman Dispersion Relation in the Longitudinally Dominated Magnetic Field
Authors: Bohata Martin , Bren David , Kulhánek Petr
Published: January 2012

The generalized Buneman dispersion relation for two-component plasma is derived in the case of nonzero pressure of both plasma components and longitudinally dominated magnetic field. The derived relation is also valid for other field configurations mentioned in the paper. It can be useful in a variety of plasma systems, for example, in the analyses of plasma jet penetrating into background plasma, in beam-plasma physics, and in tests of various magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and hybrid numerical codes designed for the magnetized plasmas.
Magnetic resonance imaging findings of true bifid mandibular condyle with duplicated mandibular fossa
Authors: Melo S.L.S. , Melo D.P. , Oenning A.C.C. , Haiter‐Neto F. , Almeida S.M. , Campos P.S.F.
Published: January 2012

Bifid mandibular condyle (BMC) is a rare asymptomatic morphological alteration with no predilection for age group or gender. Its morphology varies from a shallow groove to two condylar heads with separate necks, oriented mediolaterally or anteroposteriorly. This report describes an unusual case of anteroposterior bifid condyle in a 39‐year‐old female patient with the main complaint of mouth‐opening limitation and a deviation of the mandible to the left side. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings revealed a bifid condyle on the left side and duplicated mandibular fossa, with the articular disc over the anterior head. The MRI images in the open‐mouth position revealed minimal movement of the condyle. Despite the increased number of mediolateral bifid mandibular condyle cases described in the literature, none of previously reported cases of BMC included an anteroposterior bifid condyle case with two distinct mandibular fossa. Clin. Anat. 25:650–655, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparative analysis of clinicopathologic features, treatment, and survival of Asian women with a breast cancer diagnosis residing in the United States
Authors: Yi Min , Liu Peijun , Li Xu , Mittendorf Elizabeth A. , He Jianjun , Ren Yu , Nayeemuddin Khazi , Hunt Kelly K.
Published: January 2012

BACKGROUND:

It has been established that disparities by ethnicity in the rates of breast cancer diagnoses and disease‐specific survival (DSS) exist in the United States. However, few studies have assessed differences specifically between Asians and other ethnic groups or among Asian subgroups.

METHODS:

The authors used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database to identify patients who were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between 1988 and 2008. Clinicopathologic features, treatment, and DSS rates were compared among broad ethnic groups and among Asian subgroups.

RESULTS:

In total, there were 658,691 patients in the study, including 511,701 non‐Hispanic white (NHW) women (77.7%), 57,890 black women (8.8%), 45,461 Hispanic white (HW) women (6.9%), and 43,639 Asian women (6.6%). The Asian cohort was divided into the following subgroups: Filipino, Chinese, Japanese, Indian/Pakistani, Korean, Vietnamese, Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, and other. Patients in all the Asian subgroups, except Japanese, were younger at diagnosis than NHW patients. After adjustment for disease stage, Japanese patients diagnosed with stage I through III disease had better DSS rates than patients in the NHW group or in the other Asian subgroups. Hawaiian/Pacific Islander patients with stage III or IV disease had worse DSS rates than NHW patients and patients in the other Asian subgroups. All other Asian subgroups had DSS rates similar to the DSS rate in the NHW group.

CONCLUSIONS:

The current results indicated that disparities exist for Asian women with breast cancer who reside in the United States compared with NHW groups and among Asian subgroups. Differences in presenting clinicopathologic features may affect DSS rates, suggesting that further investigation of these disparities is warranted to increase early detection and treatment for specific subgroups. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
The biological function of the WD40 repeat‐containing protein p55/Caf1 in Drosophila
Authors: Wen Pei , Quan Zhenghui , Xi Rongwen
Published: January 2012

Background: The p55 family WD40 repeat‐containing histone chaperone proteins are components of several chromatin regulatory complexes (such as PRC2, NURF and CAF‐1) and interact with histone H4, yet their functional relevance in vivo is unclear. Results: Here we use Drosophila as a genetic model to dissect the function of p55/Caf1 during development. In agree with a recent report, we find that p55 is essential for Drosophila development and is required for cell proliferation and viability. However, our data further demonstrate that histone H3K27 di‐/tri‐methylation and PRC2‐mediated gene silencing still occur normally when p55 is missing. p55 is also implicated in bridging chromatin regulatory complexes to the chromatin by binding to histone H4, but we find that a transgene of p55 whose binding pocket is disrupted could still functionally substitute the wild‐type p55 for the survival. Conclusions: Our studies suggest that p55 is not crucial for PRC2‐mediated gene silencing in vivo, and the vital function of p55 is probably not dependent on its interaction with histone H4. Developmental Dynamics 241:455–464, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A BODIPY‐Based Highly Selective Fluorescent Chemosensor for Hg2+ Ions and Its Application in Living Cell Imaging
Authors: Vedamalai Mani , Wu Shu‐Pao
Published: January 2012

A new boron–dipyrromethene (BODIPY) derivative (FS1) containing two triazole units exhibits an enhanced fluorescence in the presence of Hg2+ ions and a high selectivity for Hg2+ ions over competing metal ions in methanol: Ag+, Ca2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, K+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ produced only minor changes in the fluorescence of FS1. The apparent dissociation constant (Kd) of FS1–Hg2+ was found to be 62 μM. Moreover, fluorescence microscopy experiments showed that FS1 can be used as a fluorescent probe for detecting Hg2+ ions in living cells.
Spectroelectrochemical Investigation of TPPMn(III/II)‐Driven Liquid | Liquid | Electrode Triple Phase Boundary Anion Transfer into 4‐(3‐Phenylpropyl)‐Pyridine: ClO4−, CO3H−, Cl−, and F−
Authors: Collins Andrew M. , Blanchard Gary J. , Marken Frank
Published: January 2012

The triple phase boundary transfer of anions from the aqueous into an organic phase can be driven electrochemically here with the tetraphenylporphyrinato‐Mn(III/II) (or TPPMn) redox system in 4‐(3‐phenylpropyl)‐pyridine) (or PPP). Anions investigated are perchlorate, chloride, fluoride, and bicarbonate. The bicarbonate and fluoride transfer processes are shown to be chemically more complex compared to the perchlorate and chloride cases with UV‐vis‐spectroelectrochemical measurements indicating a combination of HCO3−/CO32− transfer processes and association of fluoride with TPPMn(III)+, respectively. In situ spectroelectrochemistry is developed for ion‐transfer voltammetry into sub‐microliter organic phase regions on mesoporous ITO conducting film electrodes.
Catholic Counselor's Bookshelf
Authors: DONDERO AUSTIN
Published: January 2012

ROGERS' LATEST STATEMENT

CREATIVE JOB PLANNING

FOREIGN STUDY GUIDE
Substance Abuse Counseling in Community Corrections: A Primer
Authors: HADDOCK BILLY D.
Published: January 2012

Substance abuse counseling treatment in community corrections ultimately aims to assist offenders in learning constructive coping skills and restoring social and occupational functioning. A review is discussed of various treatment methods that have survived the tests of empirical scrutiny, clinical experience, and practical financial considerations. In addition, these methods are offered for consideration by community corrections professionals in developing a basic design for outpatient substance abuse treatment programs.
Toward the Nonpathological Assessment of Behavioral and Conduct Disordered Adolescents
Authors: BRANNON MARILYN E. , KUNCE JOSEPH T. , BRANNON JAMES M. , MARTRAY CARL
Published: January 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the behavioral problems of 113 adjudicated male juvenile offenders from the normalized, circumplex personality assessment perspective used in the Personal Styles Inventory. The results of the investigation suggest that this assessment model provides correctional practitioners a valid assessment, which is easily understood, sensitive to the needs of both the youth and their families, and useful in developing the goals required of student individual service plans. The findings are discussed in relation to other classification models, as well as their implications for public and residential care treatment programs.
The President Reports
Authors: Dugan Willis E.
Published: January 2012

Dr. Willis E. Dugan, President of the American Personnel and Guidance Association, was appointed a member of the United States delegation to the 26th International Conference on Public Education, which was held in Geneva, Switzerland. This annual conference is sponsored by the International Bureau of Education and the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. One of the two main topics considered this year was the organization of vocational guidance; the other was measures taken to meet the shortage of primary schoolteachers. Representatives from 94 countries participated in the Conference. Besides his participation in this important meeting, Dr. Dugan met with professional colleagues in London, Paris, and Dublin. To bring Journal readers the flavor and vitality of President Dugan's European activities, we quote directly from his reports to APGA Headquarters during his visit.—Ed.
Semantic Profiles and Psychosexual Interests as Indicators of Identification
Authors: Fitzgerald Donald , Roberts Karlene
Published: January 2012

Identification patterns of male and female children (110 boys and 114 girls) in grades one through five were studied by two methods that have been used in “identification research”; identification inferred from sex‐appropriate and sex‐inappropriate games, preferences and identification inferred from profile congruence between “self,” “mother,” and “father” concepts on a semantic differential (SD). Results showed that the two measures are meaningfully related as “self” rating scales; however, there was no apparent association between the Games and Activities Inventory (GAI) (games preferences) and the SD as indicators of identification. The patterns of identification found using the SD were generally consistent with the theoretical formulation of identification proposed by Lynn (1959.)
The Self of the Counselor
Authors: Arbuckle Dugald S.
Published: January 2012

The counselor generally finds more difficulty in examining his “self” than in looking at the self of other counselors or of clients. On the assumption that the best display of counselor self occurs during the counseling relationship, a number of counseling excerpts are examined in an attempt to illustrate the level of counselor freedom. Counselor freedom is viewed as being related to the ability of the counselor to establish an empathic relationship with the client, to his ability to operate within the client's frame of reference, and to his ability to be genuine and honest in his relationship with the client.
Expression of Feelings in Group Counseling
Authors: Zimpfer David G.
Published: January 2012

70 high school students in 9 counseling groups were administered outcome instruments for self‐evaluation and evaluation by peers. Interaction in counseling was classified according to underlying feeling early and late in the series of 12 sessions. Tests of 6 hypotheses relating feeling changes occurring during counseling to counseling outcomes showed 2 results significant at the .05 level. Change in feeling seemed to correlate more with evaluation by peers than with self‐evaluation. The 9 groups were found to differ widely in type and amount of affective interaction. Methodological problems were considered. Discussion focused on implications for counseling practice and on relationships to published research.
Discrepant Achievement in College as a Function of Anxiety and Repression
Authors: Stix Daniel L.
Published: January 2012

An entering freshman class was divided into 9 subgroups based on conjoint anxiety and repression scores (high, medium, and low) after being dichotomized by sex. Predictions of first‐semester achievement (GPA) were based on SAT verbal and mathematical scores. A discrepancy score was calculated for each student by relating predicted to actual achievement. Repression (Welsh R) was found to be significantly and positively related to achievement for males. A moderate level of anxiety (Welsh A) was observed to be related to achievement for female students.
Marxist guidance: a dialectic lesson
Authors: DRAPELA VICTOR J.
Published: January 2012

Based on primary sources published in the Soviet Bloc, this article reviews orthodox Marxist theory, methodology, and practice. It compares the stated goals of Marxist guidance with actual outcomes, and identifies the foundations of guidance in the Soviet Bloc in terms of Marxist philosophy and social doctrine. The application of dialectic methodology to guidance is also explained. Current symptoms of ideological unrest in socialist society as exemplified by the now‐suppressed reform movement in Czechoslovakia are analyzed and its dynamics identified. Finally, the article draws conclusions applicable to guidance in this country.
College admissions assistance by secondary school counselors
Authors: FREDRICKSON RONALD H. , FONDA THOMAS
Published: January 2012

Information was collected over a three‐year period dealing with college admissions assistance received by 2,500 (27 percent) of the entering freshmen at the University of Massachusetts. This information concerned the timing of various student decisions about college admission, sources of information, and reactions to the assistance provided by high school counselors. Entering freshmen perceived the counselor as being a helpful source of specific information but having little effect on their decisions to continue in higher education. The authors make interpretations related to the University, and they compare the results to Kerr's similar study in 1961.
If you never chance for fear of losing …
Authors: DEL HARVEY P. MAN , UEBNER JIM
Published: January 2012

This article examines the non‐achievement syndrome. It attempts to illuminate and capture the struggles that one individual experienced as he learned to take initiative in determining the direction of his life. This process of change is conveyed in a series of poems that the client wrote over the course of a counseling experience.
Opportunities for blacks in engineering—a third report
Authors: KIEHL ROBERT
Published: January 2012

Engineering colleges and recent black graduates were queried on the current status of blacks in engineering and engineering technology. Blacks are decidedly underrepresented in engineering and in engineering technology, while their employment opportunities in these fields are apparently better than those for whites. Some college and technician school deans and administrators are critical of guidance for blacks regarding engineering.
Organizing for group counseling
Authors: NELSON RICHARD C.
Published: January 2012

Young people who participate in group counseling need help in understanding the goals of the group because these goals may otherwise act as hidden agenda items and because they have no norms for understanding whether or not the group is functioning effectively. A three‐step process described here is designed to increase member commitment and understanding of the group: first, a self‐selection process, second, an intake interview procedure, and third, a discussion of sharing goals.
Adding a visual dimension to counseling
Authors: DILLEY JOSIAH
Published: January 2012

Cavemen drew pictures to tell their story. Greek scholars used sandpiles as blackboards to teach students. Eliza Doolittle told Professor Higgins to stop talking and “show me.” Experience constantly reminds us of the powerful nature of the visual. Yet counselors overlook visual possibilities in their dependence on talk. This article maintains that counselees would benefit from the application of “show me” visual aids. This article discusses possibilities and values of the visual dimension, and illustrates visual applications in counseling.
The many publics of the counselor: a dialogue
Authors: MORGAN LEWIS B.
Published: January 2012

The following is a condensed and edited version of a dialogue that took place in December 1973 in the format of a guest panel discussion for the benefit of a class in “Guidance in the Secondary School.” The panelists were selected as being representative of the various publics served by school counselors; the participants were a junior high school student, a high school student, a teacher, a beginning counselor, an experienced counselor, a superintendent of schools, and a counselor educator. By way of introduction, the dialogue begins with a sketch of the participants. (Pseudonyms are used for the students.)
Training professionals for evaluative research
Authors: OETTING EUGENE R. , HAWKES F. JAMES
Published: January 2012

Most counselors will agree that the profession is in trouble. Many will recognize that the reason we are in trouble is that we have not taken program accountability seriously. This is partially because graduate training for research extinguishes the desire to “find out” rather than nurturing our curiosity. Oetting and Hawkes focus on evaluation as opposed to research, showing that the skills and processes are not the same and that therefore the training should not be the same. Evaluation skills are necessary in all cells of the Cube; in fact, unless they are operative, counseling may quickly become nondimensional.
research techniques for counselors: the multiple baseline
Authors: SCHMIDT JERRY A.
Published: January 2012

Practitioners in counseling must also be applied researchers. Counselors can no longer rely on intuition, personal opinion, or statistical studies to determine their effectiveness. In this article multiple baseline techniques are offered as applied research strategies for counselors who wish to evaluate the effects of the techniques they are using.
Counseling in gerontology
Authors: BLAKE RICHARD
Published: January 2012

More attention should be given to the need and potential for counselor involvement in gerontology. In this article the author presents ways in which counselors could be involved in gerontology, and he considers some of the things counselors and counselor education must do in order to prepare for work in this area.
Planning and Reporting Evaluative Research: Part II
Authors: Oetting E. R.
Published: January 2012

The R/A feature is devoted primarily to (a) unsolicited manuscripts dealing with broad issues in research or assessment and (b) techniques and practices with clear R/A implications for practitioners. Authors interested in submitting manuscripts for this feature should indicate this in the cover letter. —DWS
Toward Full Development of the Person
Authors: Riedesel Brian C.
Published: January 2012

The norm for mental health is not what it should be. Counseling theory is currently expanding its horizons to encompass higher potential of human behavior. The Science of Creative Intelligence (SCI) is presented as a theoretical model for the promotion of more complete development of the individual. SCI's applied aspect, the Transcendental Meditation program, is discussed in terms of research data and its application to the developmental concepts of readiness, intensity of challenge, and identify. The article concludes with a preliminary discussion of the possible interface of present counseling modalities and the practice of SCI. Perhaps SCI has relevance to planning for the promotion of greater mental health.
Beyond Words: Influence of Nonverbal Behavior of Female Job Applicants in the Employment Interview
Authors: Young David M. , Beier Ernst G. , Beier Steven
Published: January 2012

Three experiments studied the influence on hiring decisions of the nonverbal communication of female job applicants. The first experiment found ratings of the applicants' subtle cues to be significant predictors of the hiring decisions made by college‐student judges. Professional employment interviewers served as judges in the second study to cross‐validate the first experiment. The third study measured the relative contributions of work histories and nonverbal behavior to hiring decisions. Regardless of the work history preceding the applicant, nonverbal style had a statistically significant effect on hiring decisions.
Weekending on the Coronation Gulf
Authors: Ivey Allen E. , McGowan Suzanne Jessop
Published: January 2012

Allen E. Ivey's visit to Coppermine, an Inuit village in the Canadian Arctic, is the basis for this assessment of the difficulties that arise when a traditional society is confronted and affected by the changes that inevitably accompany technological advancement and so‐called Western contact. This article is written in narrative form that incorporates some aspects of a travelogue as well as professional observation and analysis. Focus is particularly held on the matter of counseling and guidance techniques and the question of their applicability outside the milieu in which they have been developed.
Beyond Assertiveness Training: A Problem‐Solving Approach
Authors: Scott Nancy A.
Published: January 2012

Being assertive is not always sufficient. Assertiveness training models show shortcomings in those situations where assertiveness results in stalemates or conflicts, or both. Deadlocks may occur when antagonists demonstrate appropriate assertive behavior. Conflict management using problem‐solving skills allows individuals to learn appropriate methods of dealing with conflictual or competitive situations. Two models that could be incorporated into the assertiveness training model are suggested for conflict management. An example illustrates the integration of assertiveness training and problem solving.
Counseling in a Nigerian University
Authors: Mack Delores E.
Published: January 2012

This study describes and evaluates the first two years of a student counseling center in a Nigerian university. The study revealed that the counseling center was hampered by lack of space, lack of staff, and by the ignorance and suspicions of students and lecturers. The study also indicated that there was a great need to investigate various parameters of the counseling situation to determine their effects in the Nigerian milieu.
Reflections Relative to Death, Dying, and Grieving Workshops
Authors: ECKSTEIN DANIEL
Published: January 2012

Death, dying, and grieving are frequent counseling themes. Developmental workshops and courses, such as described in this article, address the crucial existential aspects related to living and dying.
Social Interest, Running, and Life Adjustment
Authors: ZARSKI JOHN J. , WEST JOHN D. , BUBENZER DONALD L.
Published: January 2012

High social interest persons and runners reported significantly higher life adjustment scores than did low social interest persons and nonrunners. The interaction effect, however, was not significant.
PEP: An Enabling Program for CETA‐zen Employment
Authors: HESSE CHARLES R.
Published: January 2012

The “Personal Employment Program” (PEP) is a 4 week training and development experience that enables CETA participants to secure unsubsidized employment.
Murphy's Law and Counseling
Authors: PRATT GEORGE W.
Published: January 2012

Counselors like anyone else need to find as much humor as possible. Following are some humorous laws encountered by counselors.
Who Becomes a Journal Editor? A Composite Picture of APGA Journal Editors
Authors: GLADDING SAMUEL T.
Published: January 2012

The author surveyed 34 present and former APGA journal editors. As a group, journal editors have many similarities and are deeply involved professionally in APGA.
THE LABORATORY APPROACH: A VEHICLE FOR FACILITATING AMERICAN INDIAN EDUCATION
Authors: PULVINO CHARLES J.
Published: January 2012

The Research and Guidance Laboratory at the University of Wisconsin, Madison is a center for advanced study and development of procedures for education and guidance of promising students as they progress through high school and college and into adult citizenship. The Laboratory was founded in 1957 on the tenet that the problem of identifying and providing for such students is basically an obligation of the schools. The Laboratory attempts to stimulate and assist high school faculties to develop effective local practices which meet this obligation. At the same time it carries on research on methods of discovery and development of youth of superior promise in any field. The Laboratory is a research‐through‐service organization which attempts to demonstrate what a joint attack by a university, public schools, and parents can accomplish in the conservation and development of human resources. (Rothney & Sanborn, 1966)
ATLANTA GOES THE WHOLE WAY
Authors: Sutton Willis A.
Published: January 2012

Volume XIII of Occupations opened last month with an article by Harold G. Campbell, Superintendent of New York City Schools. An article appeared in May from the pen of Carroll R. Reed, Superintendent of Schools in Minneapolis. In this issue we have the satisfaction of presenting the School Superintendent of Atlanta. These pleasant relations with Superintendents seem likely to continue, as we have promises of contributions from Edwin A. Lee of San Francisco, who wrote for our June, 1933, number, William J. Bogan of Chicago, Ben C. Graham of Pittsburgh, and Edward D. Roberts of Cincinnati. And there will be others.
THE TRAP
Authors: Bryan William Lowe
Published: January 2012

Not every article which appeared nineteen years ago would bear reprinting, but this contribution by the President of the University of Indiana, which is clipped from the Proceedings of the National Education Association for 1915, might have been written today.