bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NEW PRIMITIVE TRINOMIALS OF MERSENNE-EXPONENT DEGREES FOR RANDOM-NUMBER GENERATION
Authors: HERINGA J.R. , BLÖTE H.W.J. , COMPAGNER A.
Published: November 2004

The list of primitive binary trinomials with a degree equal to a Mersenne exponent is extended. The newly found primitive trinomials have a degree equal to the 29th and 30th Mersenne exponent. These trinomials enable the construction of new, high-performance random-number generators for use in large-scale Monte Carlo simulations.
SPHALERONS AND THE ELECTROWEAK PHASE TRANSITION
Authors: KRIPFGANZ JOCHEN
Published: November 2004

In the first part of the talk, a short review of baryon number violation in the electroweak standard model is given. I concentrate on perturbative estimates for the electroweak phase transition. A strong first order phase transition could be relevant both for a possible generation of the baryon asymmetry of the universe, and the survival of this asymmetry afterwards. In the second part of the talk, some lattice results for the electroweak phase transition are presented. They tend to indicate a transition more strongly first order than predicted by perturbation theory. A definite condusion cannot be drawn, however, because of severe finite size effects.
INTERFACE TENSIONS OF BINARY SYSTEMS
Authors: MÜNSTER GERNOT
Published: November 2004

In liquid mixtures or analogous binary systems at low temperatures the pure phases may coexist, separated by an interface. The interface tension vanishes according to σ=σ0(1−T/Tc)µ as the temperature T approaches the critical point from below. Similarly the correlation length diverges as ξ=ξ0(T/Tc−1)−ν. For three-dimensional systems the dimensionless product R=σ0(ξ0)2 is universal. This and related universal quantities are investigated by means of a semiclassical expansion in the framework of Φ4 theory, as well as by Monte Carlo calculations in the three-dimensional Ising model.
A MICROSCOPIC THEORY OF FINITE-SIZE SCALING
Authors: BORGS CHRISTIAN
Published: November 2004

In this paper, I give an overview over a recently developed rigorous theory of finite-size scaling near first order transitions. Leaving out details of the mathematical proofs, the main emphasis is put on the underlying physical ideas and the discussion of the validity of the results for regions which are, in the sense of mathematical rigour, not covered by the original papers. I present both the finite-size scaling for cubic systems and for long cylinders, discussing also a recent controversy which stems from our work on the finite-size scaling of the mass gap in long cylinders.
IMPROVING MULTIGRID AND CONVENTIONAL RELAXATION ALGORITHMS FOR PROPAGATORS
Authors: KALKREUTER THOMAS
Published: November 2004

Practical modifications of deterministic multigrid and conventional relaxation algorithms are discussed. New parameters need not be tuned but are determined by the algorithms themselves. One modification can be thought of as “updating on a last layer consisting of a single site”. It eliminates critical slowing down in computations of bosonic and fermionic propagators in a fixed volume. Here critical slowing down means divergence of asymptotic relaxation times as the propagators approach criticality. A remaining volume dependence is weak enough in case of bosons so that conjugate gradient can be outperformed. However, no answer can be given yet if the same is true for staggered fermions on lattices of realizable sizes. Numerical results are presented for propagators of bosons and of staggered fermions in 4-dimensional SU(2) gauge fields.
AMBIGUITY-FREE EMPIRICAL DETERMINATION OF 12C(p, p′) 12C*(1†) INELASTIC SCATTERING AMPLITUDES
Authors: RAO A. SUDHA , MALLESH K.S. , RAMACHANDRAN G.
Published: November 2004

A method for reconstructing the 12 C (p, p′) 12 C *(1†) amplitudes in the transverse frame (without using phase-shift analysis) is suggested. We show that by supplementing the eight existing measurements on 12 C (p, p′) 12 C *(1†) with a carefully chosen set of measurements on 12 C (p, p′γ)12 C , it is possible to determine the scattering amplitudes, completely free from discrete ambiguities. We also provide alternative equivalent sets, which may be employed depending on the experimental constraints, to determine the amplitudes.
PROBLEMS WITH THE PATH-INTEGRAL DESCRIPTION OF THE TEMPORAL, LIGHT-CONE AND FOCK-SCHWINGER GAUGES
Authors: LAVELLE MARTIN , McMULLAN DAVID
Published: November 2004

Simple arguments are presented to show that the standard Faddeev-Popov formulations of the temporal, light-cone and Fock-Schwinger gauges are not unitary. We also demonstrate that the phase space formalism of these theories provide three counterexamples to the Fradkin-Vilkovisky theorem.
ANYONIZATION AND SUPERFLUIDITY OF LATTICE CHERN-SIMONS THEORY
Authors: ELIEZER D. , SEMENOFF G.W. , WU S.S.C.
Published: November 2004

We prove, working in the Hamiltonian formalism, that a U(1) Chern-Simons theory coupled to fermions on a lattice can be mapped exactly onto a theory of interacting lattice anyons. This map does not involve any singular gauge transformations, and is everywhere well defined. We also prove that, when the statistics parameter is an odd integer so that the anyons are bosons, the ground state, which consists of a condensate of bound pairs of flux tubes and fermions, breaks phase invariance. The ensuing long range order implies that the system is an unconventional superfluid.
TWO-DIMENSIONAL GRAVITY WITH BOUNDARY
Authors: MAJUMDAR PARTHASARATHI
Published: November 2004

An attempt is made to incorporate the effects of a boundary in the conformal gauge solution of two-dimensional gravity. We discuss some possible choices for boundary conditions on the Liouville field and their implications for the renormalization of the central charge.
EFFECTIVE ACTION FOR COMPOSITE HIGGS MODELS
Authors: ONOGI TETSUYA , YASUI YOSHIAKI
Published: November 2004

We derive the effective action for composite Higgs models in electroweak theory from Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. This action contains vector and axial vector mesons together with Higgs, W, Z and photon. Due to the interaction of the techni-quark with SU(2) L × U(1) gauge fields, mixing terms of SU(2) L × U(1) gauge fields and vector and axial vector resonances develop in the kinetic term of the effective action. Mass relation of the techni-rho and the Higgs is obtained.
SUPERHARMONIC GAUGE IN STRING THEORY AND DOUBLE SUPERSYMMETRIC σ-MODEL
Authors: DEMICHEV A.P. , IOFA M.Z.
Published: November 2004

Superharmonic gauge which is a non-trivial analog of the harmonic gauge in the bosonic string theory is constructed for the fermionic superstring. To construct the superharmonic gauge we used the connection between the (super)harmonic gauges and nonlinear σ-models. For the superharmonic gauge the target space of the corresponding supersymmetric σ-model is also a supermanifold.
INDEFINITENESS OF THE CONFORMAL ANOMALY OF THE STRING THEORY IN THE HARMONIC GAUGE
Authors: ABE MITSUO , NAKANISHI NOBORU
Published: November 2004

The derivation of the critical dimensions D=26 of the bosonic string theory based on the two-dimensional quantum gravity in the harmonic gauge is criticized. The conformal anomaly calculated in lowest-order approximation crucially depends on the presence of a certain part of the FP-ghost Lagrangian density. However, this part can be eliminated by field redefinition and, moreover, reduces to a total divergence in lowest-order approximation. Thus the assertion that the anomaly is proportional to (D−26) is groundless.
ANATOMY OF RELATIVISTIC MEAN-FIELD APPROXIMATIONS
Authors: BARRIOS S. CRUZ , NEMES M.C.
Published: November 2004

In the present work we have set up a scheme to treat field theoretical Lagrangians in the same bases of the well known non-relativistic many-body techniques. We show here that fermions and bosons can be treated quantum mechanically in a symmetric way and obtain results for the mean field approximation.
THRESHOLD EFFECTS AT THE GUT SCALE IN MINIMAL SU(5) USING LEP COUPLING CONSTANT MEASUREMENTS
Authors: SHABAN N.T. , STIRLING W.J.
Published: November 2004

We examine the minimal SU(5) grand unified model, using values of the couplings obtained from LEP measurements. We consider whether the previously noted failure of the evolved couplings to meet at a single unification point is a consequence of neglecting threshold effects around the GUT scale. We find that threshold effects are far too small to account for the mismatch.
PHYSICAL STATES OF THE CHIRAL SCHWINGER MODEL IN THE STRONG COUPLING LIMIT
Authors: MYUNG YUN SOO , PARK YOUNG-JAI , JUE CHANGKEUN
Published: November 2004

The bosonized chiral Schwinger model in the strong coupling limit is proposed for studying the physical states. With a Wess-Zumino term, we recover the broken-gauge symmetry to carry out the BRS quantization according to the value of the parameter a. For the case of a = 0, this reproduces chiral bosons (self-dual fields). In the cases of a = 1, 2, we find a physical state which propagates both in the directions of left and right. Therefore this model cannot be considered to be a topological field theory.
RARE DECAY B → K*γ IN THE RELATIVISTIC QUARK MODEL
Authors: FAUSTOV R. N. , GALKIN V. O.
Published: November 2004

The ratio of the exclusive B → K*γ and the inclusive b → sγ rare decay widths is calculated with the account of relativistic corrections on the basis of the quark model and the quasipotential method. It is found that R = Γ (B → K*γ)/Γ (b → sγ) = 6.5%.
ANOMALOUS SUSY QUANTUM MECHANICS, HETEROTIC MODELS AND SCATTERING STATES
Authors: BOYA L. J. , CASAHORRÁN J. , ESTEVE J. G.
Published: November 2004

We analyze the symmetry breaking associated to anomalous realization of supersymmetry in the context of Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics (SUSY QM). We show how the supercharge itself might become an anomalous operator in the process of quantization. We study a solvable potential in the Pöschl-Teller class containing both bound states and continuous spectrum. We find a situation reminiscent of the heterotic string: one of the two SUSY partners lives in the whole real axis while the other restricts itself to the half-line. Peculiarities of the model include negative energies, incomplete pairing of states and anomalous behavior for the phase shifts in scattering.
ZETA-FUNCTION REGULARIZATION APPROACH TO FINITE TEMPERATURE EFFECTS IN KALUZA-KLEIN SPACE-TIMES
Authors: BYTSENKO ANDREI A. , VANZO LUCIANO , ZERBINI SERGIO
Published: November 2004

In the framework of heat-kernel approach to zeta-function regularization, the one-loop effective potential at finite temperature for scalar and spinor fields on Kaluza-Klein space-time of the form [Formula: see text], where MP is p-dimensional Minkowski space-time is evaluated. In particular, when the compact manifold is [Formula: see text], the Selberg trace formula associated with discrete torsion-free group Γ of the n-dimensional Lobachevsky space Hn is used. An explicit representation for the thermodynamic potential valid for arbitrary temperature is found. As a result a complete high temperature expansion is presented and the roles of zero modes and topological contributions is discussed.
THE RELATIVISTIC LANDAU PROBLEM FOR FERMIONS
Authors: GAMBOA J.
Published: November 2004

Using the Faddeev-Popov method an exact expression for the propagator of a relativistic spinning particle in a constant magnetic field is found. The conservation laws and the generators of the magnetic group are obtained in the path integral formalism. Both the relativistic and non-relativistic models are discussed in the planar case.
QUANTUM NOISE IN RECTANGULAR CAVITIES
Authors: VILLARREAL C. , JÁUREGUI R. , HACYAN S. , COCHO G.
Published: November 2004

We calculate the energy spectrum of vacuum fluctuations for a massless scalar field which satisfies boundary conditions inside a wave guide or a rectangular box. The spectrum is piecewise continuous in the first case and discrete in the second, and exhibits resonances which correspond, as expected, to the energy levels of a particle in a box (with the difference that all these levels are "occupied"). Since it is known that these fluctuations exhibit a very slow convergence to a Poisson distribution, we conjecture that a realistic detector must find severe quantum vacuum deviations from 'white' noise, except in the non-realistic limit of extremely high frequencies.
OFF-SHELL NILPOTENCY FOR ON-SHELL REDUCIBILITY
Authors: IZAWA K.-I.
Published: November 2004

The direct way of Lagrangian BRS gauge-fixing we proposed recently is applied to reducible gauge theories; antisymmetric tensor gauge theories are considered as definite examples. It enables us to do without ad hoc ghosts for ghosts. It also achieves BRS-exact forms of full gauge-fixing terms by means of off-shell nilpotent BRS transformations.
THE ELLIPSOIDAL BAG MODEL AND THE HADRONIC TRANSITIONS OF QǬ SYSTEM
Authors: PIN-ZHEN BI , YAO-MING SHI
Published: November 2004

The ellipsoidal bag model is used to calculate the hadronic transitions in heavy QǬ system. The results are compared with those from the spherical bag model and QCS model. In our calculation, BR(ϒ″→ϒπ+π−)=4.6, which agrees with the experimental data BR(ϒ″→ϒπ+π−)=4.5±0.8 quite well. This result is much better than that obtained from the spherical bag model.
A POSSIBLE DESCRIPTION OF MULTIPLICITY DISTRIBUTION AT HIGH ENERGIES
Authors: GOLYAK ISAY
Published: November 2004

It is shown that the parameters of two negative binomials describing the multiplicity distribution of secondary charged particles are connected with the mechanisms of generations and decays of two-body resonances.
STRING-LIKE EXCITATIONS IN QED
Authors: FURSAEV D.V. , PROKHOROV L.V. , SHABANOV S.V.
Published: November 2004

The evolution of string-like excitations of fields (exponential line integrals) in free QED and in QED with static sources is investigated. It is shown that these excitations are not stable. They break down into electromagnetic radiation and the Coulomb field. The results are compared with calculations in the lattice QED.
A (2+1)-DIMENSIONAL MODEL WITH INSTANTON AND SPHALERON SOLUTIONS
Authors: TCHRAKIAN D.H. , MÜLLER-KIRSTEN H.J.W.
Published: November 2004

We present a model with instantons in ℝ3, and in its static limit an explicit sphaleron in ℝ2.
TWISTED SECTOR YUKAWA COUPLINGS FOR THE Z3×Z3 ORBIFOLD
Authors: BAILIN D. , LOVE A. , SABRA W.A.
Published: November 2004

The moduli dependent Yukawa couplings between twisted sectors of the Z3×Z3 orbifold are studied.
ON THE BEHAVIOR OF STATISTICAL SUM OF A MODEL WITH YANG–LEE SINGULARITY NEAR CRITICAL POINT
Authors: SAHAKYAN D. B.
Published: November 2004

An one-matrix model of singularities on the torus has been investigated. We calculate the value of discontinuity of free energy asymptotics which tends to an infinity number of lattice sites at the critical point.
ON THE PROPAGATION OF QUANTUM FIELDS AT PLANCKIAN ENERGIES
Authors: PERCACCI R. , RUSSO J.
Published: November 2004

Particles with different momenta could be effectively coupled to different metrics. We discuss a simple mean-field model in which this effect can be calculated. The metric scales in such a way that the propagation of particles with high momenta is suppressed.
N=(2,0) SUPERSTRING AS THE UNDERLYING THEORY OF SELF-DUAL YANG-MILLS THEORY
Authors: NISHINO HITOSHI , GATES S. JAMES
Published: November 2004

We study the condition of vanishing of beta-functions in the (2,0) heterotic σ-model coupled to background Yang-Mills field. The condition of vanishing β-functions restricts the background Yang-Mills fields to be self-dual in the critical real four-dimensional target space-time with the signature (2,2). This supports the suggestion of Ooguri and Vafa that the N=(2,0) heterotic superstring underlies the four-dimensional self-dual Yang-Mills theories and that the (2,0) heterotic superstring theory is, indeed, the fundamental underlying theory of all lower-dimensional (bosonic) soluble systems. It is shown that N=(2,0) heterotic σ-models in superspace couple precisely to the prepotential of the J-formulation of SDYM theory.
ON q-DEFORMED PARA OSCILLATORS AND PARA-q OSCILLATORS
Authors: KUMARI M. KRISHNA , SHANTA P. , CHATURVEDI S. , SRINIVASAN V.
Published: November 2004

Three generalized commutation relations for a single mode of the harmonic oscillator which contains para-bose and q oscillator commutation relations are constructed. These are shown to be inequivalent. The coherent states of the annihilation operator for these three cases are also constructed.
CHIRAL ANOMALIES OF HIGHER-DERIVATIVE THEORIES FROM STOCHASTIC QUANTIZATION
Authors: KIM YOONBAI
Published: November 2004

The chiral anomalies in higher-derivative fermion theories are studied in the framework of stochastic quantization. This method with a suitable choice of kernel of Langevin equations yields the correct gauge-covariant anomalies in arbitrary even space-time dimensions.
SUBSTRUCTURE EFFECTS AT LEP100
Authors: BOUDJEMA F.
Published: November 2004

I briefly review the searches being performed at LEP100 for new particles and novel interactions in the context of a composite structure. While the emphasis is on the most promising signals, the presentation follows a very broad phenomenological approach rather than listing predictions from specific models of substructure although some general guiding principles (such as chiral symmetry and global SU(2) weak invariance) have been incorporated in the analysis. Preliminary limits on the masses of certain particles are set from the autumn 1989 run.
MULTICRITICAL POINTS IN THE MODEL OF RANDOM SURFACES EMBEDDED IN THE −2-DIMENSIONAL SPACE
Authors: BOULATOV D.V.
Published: November 2004

It is shown that multicritical points exist in the model of random surfaces embedded in the space of two anticommuting variables. An infinite number of possible values of the string susceptibility exponent γ for this theory are calculated: [Formula: see text], m=2, 3, ….
ANYONS, CHERN-SIMONS LAGRANGIANS AND PHYSICS IN 2+1 DIMENSIONS
Authors: DE SOUSA GERBERT PHILIPP
Published: November 2004

We review fractional statistics (anyons) and related topics in (2+1)-dimensional physics. We concentrate on fundamental questions and try to give a balanced presentation of quantum-mechanical and field-theoretical aspects.
(27)3 YUKAWA COUPLINGS AND EMBEDDINGS OF DISCRETE GROUPS IN THE $CP^3\times CP^2/Z_3\times Z'_3$ MODEL
Authors: WU JIZHI , ARNOWITT RICHARD , NATH PRAN
Published: November 2004

It is pointed out that, besides the conventional embedding of the [Formula: see text] discrete group in the Schimmrigk model in which [Formula: see text] is embedded nontrivially, there exists an alternate embedding in which Z3 is nontrivially embedded. It is found that, for the Schimmrigk model deformed from the symmetric point by a single (2, 1)-form (z1z2z3), the deformation introduces six more nonvanishing independent (27)3 Yukawa couplings before flux breaking. The alternate embedding introduces many complex Yukawa couplings, even when the modulo is real, giving rise to automatic CP violation.
INTEGRABLE SIGMA MODELS
Authors: GÜRSES METIN , KARASU ATALAY
Published: November 2004

Integrability of sigma models is investigated in arbitrary dimensions. The conditions of the integrability are found and the corresponding linear eigenvalue equations are given. Some new classes of classically integrable sigma models are found in two and higher dimensions containing all the known models. One-soliton Bäcklund transformations of these integrable models are also found.
DYNAMICAL EFFECTS IN PAIR PRODUCTION BY ELECTRIC FIELDS
Authors: BALANTEKIN A.B. , SEGER J.E. , FRICKE S.H.
Published: November 2004

Nonperturbative dynamical effects in fermion-antifermion pair production by classical electric fields are investigated. Following a summary of the results previously given in the literature, a formal connection between fermion pair production in an external field and supersymmetric quantum mechanics is pointed out. Pair production probabilities are calculated in a uniform semiclassical approximation, which yields the Schwinger result in the constant field limit. The multiplicity distributions of the created pairs are shown to be related to the elementary symmetric functions.
ALGEBRAIC STRUCTURE AND PARTICLE SPECTRA
Authors: MADORE J.
Published: November 2004

In previous articles classical gauge theory was studied with a matrix algebra as an additional noncommutative factor in the algebra of classical observables. The extra derivations permitted a unification in a common multiplet of a set of Higgs fields with the gauge potentials. In the present article the algebra of derivations is modified in order to obtain a theory which is closer to a realistic physical model.
CONTINUUM SCHWINGER-DYSON EQUATIONS AND UNIVERSAL STRUCTURES IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL QUANTUM GRAVITY
Authors: FUKUMA MASAFUMI , KAWAI HIKARU , NAKAYAMA RYUICHI
Published: November 2004

We study the continuum Schwinger-Dyson equations for nonperturbative two-dimensional quantum gravity coupled to various matter fields. The continuum Schwinger-Dyson equations for the one-matrix model are explicitly derived and turn out to be a formal Virasoro condition on the square root of the partition function, which is conjectured to be the τ function of the KdV hierarchy. Furthermore, we argue that general multi-matrix models are related to the W algebras and suitable reductions of KP hierarchy and its generalizations.
PERTURBATIVE SOLUTIONS OF THE VIRASORO MASTER EQUATION
Authors: RAITEN ERIC J.
Published: November 2004

A perturbative technique for finding solutions of the Virasoro master equation is developed. Isolated solutions as well as solutions with continuous parameters are discovered. The cases of SU(2) and SU(3) are discussed in detail.
THE ORIGIN OF SL(nC) CURRENT ALGEBRA IN GENERALIZED TWO-DIMENSIONAL GRAVITY
Authors: YOSHIDA K.
Published: November 2004

The origin of local SL(nC) symmetry in induced gravity in two dimensions, enlarged with the so-called W fields, is considered on higher genus Riemann surfaces. In the simplest case of W2, the mathematical structure of Polyakov’s two-dimensional gravity precisely corresponds to the projective structure of Riemann surfaces. Some speculations on the generalization to higher Wn algebras are presented.
AN APPLICATION OF THE DIVISION ALGEBRAS, JORDAN ALGEBRAS AND SPLIT COMPOSITION ALGEBRAS
Authors: FOOT R. , JOSHI G.C.
Published: November 2004

It has been established that the covering group of the Lorentz group in D=3, 4, 6, 10 can be expressed in a unified way, based on the four composition division algebras R, C, Q and O. We discuss, in this framework, the role of the complex numbers of quantum mechanics. A unified treatment of quantum-mechanical spinors is given. We provide an explicit demonstration that the vector and spinor transformations recently constructed from a subgroup of the reduced structure group of the Jordan algebras [Formula: see text] are indeed the Lorentz transformations. We also show that if the division algebras in the construction of the covering groups of the Lorentz groups in D=3, 4, 6, 10 are replaced by the split composition algebras, then the sequence of groups [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] result. The analysis is presumed to be self-contained as the relevant aspects of the division algebras and Jordan algebras are reviewed. Some applications to physical theory are indicated.
GENERALIZED ABELIAN CHERN-SIMONS THEORIES AND THEIR CONNECTION TO CONFORMAL FIELD THEORIES
Authors: KNEIPP MARCO A.C.
Published: November 2004

We discuss the generalization of Abelian Chern-Simons theories when θ-angles and magnetic monopoles are included. We map these three dimensional theories into sectors of two-dimensional conformal field theories. The introduction of θ-angles allows us to establish in a consistent fashion a connection between Abelian Chern-Simons and 2-d free scalar field compactified on a noneven integral lattice. The Abelian Chern-Simons with magnetic monopoles is related to a conformal field theory in which the sum of the charges of the chiral vertex operators inside a correlator is different from zero.
CLASSICAL EXTENDED SUPERCONFORMAL SYMMETRIES
Authors: VISWANATHAN R. RAJU
Published: November 2004

Supercovariant differential operators are defined in two dimensions which map super-symmetry doublets to other doublets. The possibility of constructing a closed algebra among the fields appearing in such operators is explored. Such an algebra exists for Grassmann-odd differential operators. A representation for these operators in terms of free field doublets is constructed. An explicit closed algebra involving fields of spin 2 and 5/2, in addition to the stress tensor and the supersymmetry generator, is constructed from such a free field representation as an example of a nonlinear extended superconformal algebra.
DIRAC FIELD IN THE FIVE-DEMENSIONAL KALUZA-KLEIN THEORY WITH SCALAR FIELD
Authors: MACÍAS A. , DEHNEN H.
Published: November 2004

In this work we investigate the five-dimensional Kaluza-Klein theory with a scalar field contained in the metric, where a Dirac-field is coupled to the metric field. We find that in the four-dimensional theory a nontrivial ground state for the scalar field exists and therefore the mass term in the Dirac equation can be interpreted, for example, as the electron mass.
ON THE S MATRIX OF THE SUBLEADING MAGNETIC DEFORMATION OF THE TRICRITICAL ISING MODEL IN TWO DIMENSIONS
Authors: COLOMO F. , MUSSARDO G. , KOUBEK A.
Published: November 2004

We compute the S matrix of the tricritical Ising model perturbed by the subleading magnetic operator using Smirnov’s RSOS reduction of the Izergin-Korepin model. The massive model contains kink excitations which interpolate between two degenerate asymmetric vacua. As a consequence of the different structure of the two vacua, the crossing symmetry is implemented in a nontrivial way. We use finite-size techniques to compare our results with the numerical data obtained by the truncated conformal space approach and find good agreement.
PARTICLE PHYSICS CONFRONTS THE SOLAR NEUTRINO PROBLEM
Authors: PAL PALASH B.
Published: November 2004

This review has four parts. In Part I, we describe the reactions that produce neutrinos in the sun and the expected flux of those neutrinos on the earth. We then discuss the detection of these neutrinos, and how the results obtained differ from the theoretical expectations, leading to what is known as the solar neutrino problem. In Part II, we show how neutrino oscillations can provide a solution to the solar neutrino problem. This includes vacuum oscillations, as well as matter enhanced oscillations. In Part III, we discuss the possibility of time variation of the neutrino flux and how a magnetic moment of the neutrino can explain the phenomenon. We also discuss particle physics models which can give rise to the required values of magnetic moments. In Part IV, we present some concluding remarks and outlook for the near future.
FIELD-ANTIFIELD AND BFV FORMALISMS FOR QUADRATIC SYSTEMS WITH OPEN GAUGE ALGEBRAS
Authors: NIROV KH. S. , RAZUMOV A.V.
Published: November 2004

The Lagrangian field-antifield (BV) and Hamiltonian (BFV) BRST formalisms for the general quadratic systems with open gauge algebra are considered. The equivalence between the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalisms is proven.
MINIMAL-RANK MODELS FROM NON-ABELIAN ORBIFOLDS
Authors: LI Z.-S. , LAM C.S.
Published: November 2004

All space-time supersymmetric non-Abelian orbifolds produced by finite subgroups of SU(2) whose gauge groups are of minimal rank are systematically classified for the [Formula: see text] heterotic string. Also, we discuss a novel method of removing global anomalies in the operator formalism.
A GENERALIZED TWISTOR DYNAMICS OF RELATIVISTIC PARTICLES AND STRINGS
Authors: SOROKA V.A. , SOROKIN D.P. , TKACH V.I. , VOLKOV D.V.
Published: November 2004

A generalization of relativistic particle and string dynamics based on a notion of twistor shift and containing a fundamental length constant is considered, which results in a modification of particle (or string) interactions with background fields.
SUPERMATRIX MODELS
Authors: YOST SCOTT A.
Published: November 2004

Random matrix models based on an integral over supermatrices are proposed as a natural extension of bosonic matrix models. The subtle nature of superspace integration allows these models to have very different properties from the analogous bosonic models. Two choices of integration slice are investigated. One leads to a perturbative structure which is reminiscent of, and perhaps identical to, the usual Hermitian matrix models. Another leads to an eigenvalue reduction which can be described by a two-component plasma in one dimension. A stationary point of the model is described.
PARAMETER OF K MESON MIXING AND NON-ABELIAN ANOMALY
Authors: BELYAEV V.M.
Published: November 2004

The amplitude of K meson mixing is calculated. Pseudo-Goldstone fields are considered as phases of γ5 transformation of quark fields. A formalism for description of K and π mesons in this approach is given. The amplitude is expressed in terms of matrix elements [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. It is shown that there is a relation between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. This relation is in good agreement with known values for amplitudes. The result for the parameter of K meson mixing is [Formula: see text]. From general consideration it is shown that the correction to the vacuum factorization hypothesis must be positive.
PROPAGATOR FOR COMPLEX-MASS FIELDS
Authors: BOLLINI C.G. , OXMAN L.E.
Published: November 2004

A complex-mass field obeys a Klein-Gordon equation with a complex-mass parameter. The usual canonical procedures and quantization lead to a Hamiltonian whose spectrum is continuous and extends from −∞ to +∞. The vacuum eigenstate (zero energy, zero momentum) belongs to this continuum and allows the calculation of vacuum expectation values of field operators. The propagator turns out to be half-advanced and half-retarded. It differs from the usual one, which is just the inverse of the differential Klein-Gordon operator, by the suppression of the free-field effect of poles.
REGULARIZATION OF THE MULTIPOLAR FORM OF QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS
Authors: SHIROKOV M.I.
Published: November 2004

The multipolar form of quantum electrodynamics has been proposed by Power, Zienau et al. It is widely used in nonrelativistic calculations but has the deficiency: its Hamiltonian has a divergent operator term. It is shown that the divergency can be removed by a regularization of the unitary transformation which converts the Coulomb gauge into the multipolar form. The regularized multipolar form is proven to have the same ultraviolet radiative divergencies as the Coulomb gauge electrodynamics. It is also demonstrated that the interaction with soft photons is represented by the usual electric dipole term e qE and interatomic Coulomb interactions persist to be absent.
ASPECTS OF Q-MATTER STABILITY
Authors: AXENIDES MINOS
Published: November 2004

Relativistic bosonic field theories in 3+1 dimensions with exact global continuous symmetries and conserved charges Q may admit stable, finite energy, time dependent configurations (Q-balls) as solutions to their equations of motion. Previous work established their existence for both Abelian and non-Abelian symmetries. In the present work we elaborate on some more issues of stability and uniqueness that arise in the SO(3) and SU(3) renormalizable models. We consider the effect of explicit symmetry breaking in the spectrum of the SU(3) model, by identifying its order parameter with the meson octet and by choosing a mass matrix consistent with the Gell-Mann-Okubo mass relation. We demonstrate the existence of “isospin” and “strange” balls whose stability is due to the presence of residual global symmetries which are identified with the exact symmetries of isospin and strangeness of strong interactions.
THE ANALYTIC STRUCTURE OF QUARK PROPAGATORS
Authors: STAINSBY S.J. , CAHILL R.T.
Published: November 2004

An approximate Schwinger-Dyson equation for the quark propagator in Euclidean QCD is solved numerically in the complex s=p2 plane, where pμ is the quark Euclidean four-momentum. Complex conjugate pairs of singularities are discovered and an analytic contour pinch analysis shows that any such singularities must be logarithmic branch points. Appropriate logarithmic functions are fitted near the branch points to accurately determine their position. The physical significance of these singularities is as yet unclear.
THE OFF-CRITICAL BEHAVIOR OF THE MULTICRITICAL ISING MODELS
Authors: MARTINS MÁRCIO JOSÉ
Published: November 2004

The scaling region of the two-dimensional tetracritical and pentacritical Ising models is studied by using the truncated conformal approach. We compare the off-critical spectrum with the conjectured S matrices. In the case of the subleading thermal perturbation we discuss the phase shift measurement in different sectors of the theory. In the odd sector, we present evidence that it is necessary to introduce fractional quantum numbers in order to parametrize the canonical momentum. For the nonintegrable deformations, we make an analysis of the phase shift behavior near a resonance.
CHIRAL INVARIANCE AND ELECTROWEAK INTERACTIONS OF PIONS AND KAONS
Authors: HOLSTEIN BARRY R.
Published: November 2004

Electroweak interactions of pions and kaons are studied in the context of chiral perturbation theory. We demonstrate that the effective Lagrangian framework allows a consistent and predictive picture of such processes as well as a succinct way in which to represent the many previous studies of these reactions which have been performed using chiral models.
BARYONS AS SOLITONS IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS
Authors: FERRETTI G. , RAJEEV S.G. , YANG Z.
Published: November 2004

We show that baryons of three-dimensional quantum chromodynamics can be understood as solitons of its effective Lagrangian. In the parity-preserving phase we study, these baryons are fermions for odd Nc and bosons for even Nc, never anyons. We quantize the collective variables of the solitons and thereby calculate the flavor quantum numbers. magnetic moments and mass splittings of the baryon. The flavor quantum numbers are in agreement with naive quark model for the low-lying states. The magnetic moments and mass splittings are smaller in the soliton model by a factor of logFπ/Ncmπ. We also show that there is a dibaryon solution that is an analog of the deuteron. These solitons can describe defects in a quantum antiferromagnet.
THE LIE h-INVARIANT CONFORMAL FIELD THEORIES AND THE LIE h-INVARIANT GRAPHS
Authors: HALPERN M. B. , KIRITSIS E. B. , OBERS N. A.
Published: November 2004

We use the Virasoro master equation to study the space of Lie h-invariant conformal field theories, which includes the standard rational conformal field theories as a small subspace. In a detailed example, we apply the general theory to characterize and study the Lie h-invariant graphs, which classify the Lie h-invariant conformal field theories of the diagonal ansatz on SO(n). The Lie characterization of these graphs is another aspect of the recently observed Lie group-theoretic structure of graph theory.
INVERSION OF HOROSPHERICAL INTEGRAL TRANSFORM ON REAL SEMISIMPLE LIE GROUPS
Authors: ZORICH Anton
Published: November 2004

There exists the wonderful integral transform on complex semisimple Lie groups, which assigns to a function on the group the set of its integrals over "generalized horospheres" — some specific submanifolds of the Lie group. The local inversion formula for this integral transform, discovered in 50's for [Formula: see text] by Gel'fand and Graev, made it possible to decompose the regular representation on [Formula: see text] into irreducible ones.

In case of real semisimple Lie group the situation becomes more complicated, and usually there is no reasonable analogous integral transform at all. Nevertheless, in the present paper we succeed to define the integral transforms on the Lorentz group and some other real semisimple Lie groups, which are in a sense analogous to the integration over "horospheres". We obtain the inversion formulas for these integral transforms.
CRITICAL TRANSPORT CURRENT IN HARD SUPERCONDUCTORS IN ROTATING MAGNETIC FIELD
Authors: SOSNOWSKI J.
Published: November 2004

The problem of critical transport current in hard superconductors in a rotating magnetic field is considered on the basis of the double critical state model for the macroscopic and local approach. The obtained relations predict an angular dependence of the transport current for both the flux flow and flux cutting zone. The influence of an accurate distribution of the magnetic induction module and its phase angle on the critical transport current is investigated. Suggestions concerning the application of the model to high T c materials are included.
Strongly Correlated Systems in Infinite Dimensions and Their Zero Dimensional Counterparts
Authors: Georges Antoine , Kotliar Gabriel , Si Qimiao
Published: November 2004

We extend a mapping from infinite dimensional to zero dimensional (impurity) models to derive mean field equations of several strongly correlated systems which become exact in infinite dimensions. We discuss various magnetic phases of the Hubbard model, the periodic Anderson model the Kondo lattice and the Falicov Kimball model and we relate them to different impurity models. Qualitative insights into these models is gained from the exact results obtained for their zero dimensional counterparts.
THE CHERN-SIMONS-LANDAU-GINZBURG THEORY OF THE FRACTIONAL QUANTUM HALL EFFECT
Authors: Zhang Shou Cheng
Published: November 2004

This paper[1] gives a systematic review of a field theoretical approach to the fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) that has been developed in the past few years[2, 3]. We first illustrate some simple physical ideas to motivate such an approach and then present a systematic derivation of the Chern-Simons-Landau-Ginzburg (CSLG) action for the FQHE, starting from the microscopic Hamiltonian. It is demonstrated that all the phenomenological aspects of the FQHE can be derived from the mean field solution and the small fluctuations of the CSLG action. Although this formalism is logically independent of Laughlin’s wave function approach, their physical consequences are equivalent. In particular, it is shown that the Laughlin’s wave function can be ”derived” from the CSLG theory under reasonable approximations. The CSLG theory demonstrates a deep connection between the phenomena of superfluidity and the FQHE, and can provide a simple and direct formalism to address many new macroscopic phenomena of the FQHE.
Impurity Resistivity under Thermalized Condition
Authors: Ting C.S. , Chen L.Y.
Published: November 2004

The standard impurity resistivity based upon the force-balance equation is derived with use of the method of closed-time-path Green’s functions. In this the effects from both the noncommutability of the center of mass fluctuations at different times and the exact noncannonical commutation relations between the coordinates and momentum of relative electrons are considered. In the presence of a short momentum-conserving inelastic scattering time due to electron-electron interaction, fast thermalization among charge carriers can be achieved. Under this condition, the (thermalized) impurity resistivity will have different form than the standard impurity resistivity and it is practically given by the lowest order electron-impurity term in the force balance equation. We also demonstrate that this conclusion is consistent with results based upon the Boltzmann equation in a relaxation time approximation.
CONFORMAL AFFINE TODA FIELD THEORIES
Authors: BONORA L.
Published: November 2004

The conformal affine sl2 Toda field theory is introduced and analyzed both in the continuum and on the lattice.
TOWARDS A CLASSIFICATION OF FUSION RULE ALGEBRAS IN RATIONAL CONFORMAL FIELD THEORIES
Authors: CASELLE M. , PONZANO G. , RAVANINI F.
Published: November 2004

We review the main topics concerning Fusion Rule Algebras (FRA) of Rational Conformal Field Theories. After an exposition of their general properties, we examine known results on the complete classification for low number of fields (≤4). We then turn our attention to FRA’s generated polynomially by one (real) fundamental field, for which a classification is known. Attempting to generalize this result, we describe some connections between FRA’s and Graph Theory. The possibility to get new results on the subject following this “graph” approach is briefly discussed.
NONLINEAR KLEIN-GORDON SOLITON MECHANICS
Authors: REINISCH G.
Published: November 2004

Nonlinear Klein-Gordon solitary waves — or “solitons” in a loose sense — in n+1 dimensions, driven by very general external fields which must only satisfy continuity — together with regularity conditions at the boundaries of the system, obey a quite simple equation of motion. This equation is the exact generalization to this dynamical system of infinite number of degrees of freedom — which may be conservative or not — of the second Newton’s law setting the basis of material point mechanics. In the restricted case of conservative nonlinear Klein-Gordon systems, where the external driving force is derivable from a potential energy, we recover the generalized Ehrenfest theorem which was itself the extension to such systems of the well-known Ehrenfest theorem in quantum mechanics (G. Reinisch and J.C. Fernandez, Phys. Rev. Lett.67, 1968 (1991)). This review paper first displays a few (of one-dimensional sine-Gordon type) typical examples of the basic difficulties related to the trial construction of solitary-wave mechanics. Then the general equation of motion of nonlinear Klein-Gordon solitary waves is proved and the derivation of the previous sine-Gordon examples from this theorem is displayed. Two-dimensional nonlinear solitary-wave patterns are considered, as well as a special emphasis is put on the applications to space-time complexity of 1-dim. sine-Gordon systems.
INFLUENCE OF Mn DOPING ON THE SUPERCONDUCTING PROPERTIES OF THE YBa2Cu3−xMnxOy SYSTEM
Authors: SAINI N.L. , SRIVASTAVA P. , SEKHAR B.R. , GARG K.B.
Published: November 2004

Mn is substituted at Cu site in YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 (YBCO) compound and its effect on superconductivity of YBa 2 Cu 3−x Mn x O y(x=0.0, 0.03, 0.09, 0.15, 0.21, 0.30) system has been studied. It is discussed that the resistivity upturn at low temperature in heavily doped samples may be due to the presence of Mn derived impurity phase. Mn appeared to reduce hole density without affecting the 1/T behavior of the Hall coefficient (R H ). An attempt has been made to correlate the results of susceptibility with resistivity, hole density and structural changes with the Mn content.
STM OF ANOMALOUS CARBON STRUCTURES
Authors: Sattler Klaus
Published: November 2004

Understanding carbon in its various forms became recently the focus of many research activities due to the production of C 60 and other fullerenes. Besides the fullerenes, other novel forms of carbon might be realized in the laboratory. In this respect, the physics of low-dimensional carbon configurations is of special interest. We will discuss the effect of defects on a graphitic sheet, ‘rotated’ stacking of graphitic sheets, and the adsorption characteristics of submonolayer carbon on graphite. Using a scanning tunneling microscope, we find that the local density of states can strongly vary due to defects, or layer misorientations, leading to periodic modulations of the graphitic electron state density. A variety of observed anomalous structures are explained by lateral electron state density variations rather than by atomic reconstructions.
FLUID ALKALI METALS IN THE LIQUID-VAPOUR CRITICAL REGION
Authors: Hensel F. , Pilgrim W.-C.
Published: November 2004

Fluid alkali metals are typical examples of materials whose electronic structures depend strongly on the thermodynamic state of the system. The most striking manifestation of this state dependence is the metal-nonmetal transition which occurs when the dense liquid evaporates to the dilute vapour or when the fluid is expanded by heating to its liquid-vapour critical point. Experimental results for fluid cesium and rubidium in the critical region show that the very existence of this transition noticeably influences the electronic, thermodynamic, structural and dynamic features of fluid metals.
THERMIONIC EMISSION FROM FULLERENES
Authors: Walder Gerhard , Echt Olof
Published: November 2004

Fullerenes in the gas phase, excited by a pulsed laser, exhibit thermionic emission. We analyze the time dependence of the ion yield of C n + in a mass spectrometer. By pulsing the extraction field of the ion lens, we are able to observe delayed ions formed as late as 50 µs after excitation by the 2nd, 3rd or 4th harmonic of a Q-switched YAG laser. The enhanced sensitivity of this new technique allows us to detect delayed ions not only from excited C 60 and C 70, but from all other even-sized clusters in the size range 36≤ n ≤70. Our results do not confirm the assertion that thermionic emission from C 60 and C 70 can be characterized by just 2 or 3 distinct rate constants.
X-RAY PHASE PROBLEM AND MULTI-BEAM INTERFERENCE
Authors: CHANG SHIH-LIN
Published: November 2004

The progress in solving the x-ray phase problem by multiple diffraction method is reviewed in this paper. The theoretical and experimental aspects of this diffraction method are outlined. Recent experimental findings and theoretical development in phasing the structure-factors are described as well. The future trend of this particular research is also tentatively outlooked.
DISTRIBUTION OF THE AREA ENCLOSED BY A CLOSED POLYMER LOOP IN AN EXTERNAL ELECTRIC FIELD
Authors: WIEGEL F. W. , KHANDEKAR D. C.
Published: November 2004

We derive an exact expression for the distribution of the area which is enclosed by a closed plane polymer loop in a uniform electric field. We show that for strong fields the distributions is a Gaussian whereas for weak electric fields it has a more general exponential form.
PHOTONIC GAPS IN PERIODIC DIELECTRIC STRUCTURES
Authors: CHAN C.T. , HO K.M. , SOUKOULIS C.M.
Published: November 2004

Using a plane wave expansion method, we solved the Maxwell’s equations for the propagation of electromagnetic waves inside periodic dielectric materials, and found the existence of photonic band gaps in several classes of periodic dielectric structures.
ORDERED DIMERS IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL MAGNETS
Authors: MARKELOV A.V.
Published: November 2004

In this work we study the stability of the ground state of the ordered dimers for Heisenberg magnets with spin equal to 1/2 on the two-dimensional square and hexagonal lattices. We obtain the spectrum of three branches of spin excitations.
ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF CRYSTALLINE C60
Authors: CHING W.Y. , HUANG MING-ZHU , XU YONG-NIAN , GAN FANQI
Published: November 2004

The electronic structure and optical properties of crystalline C 60 and their pressure dependence have been studied by first-principles local density calculations. It is shown that fcc C 60 has a low dielectric constant and an optical spectrum rich in structures. The spectrum shows five disconnected absorption bands in the 1.4 to 7.0 eV region with sharp structures in each band that can be attributed to critical point transitions. This is a manifestation of the localized molecular structure coupled with long range crystalline order unique to the C 60 crystal. At a sufficient high pressure, the structures in the optical spectrum start to merge due to the merging of the bands. These results are in good agreement with some recent experimental measurements.
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GRADED BANDGAP AMORPHOUS HYDROGENATED SILICON-SULFUR THIN FILMS
Authors: HAMMAM M.
Published: November 2004

Compositionally graded hydrogenated amorphous silicon-sulfur alloys ( a-Si 1−x S x: H ) were grown by RF glow discharge decomposition of silane and hydrogen sulfide gases. Infrared spectra show clear evidence for the incorporation of sulfur in the form of Si-S bonds in the material. The graded bandgap films possess optical bandgaps ranging from 1.91 to 2.05 eV depending on the RF power. The compositionally graded layers display high photosensitivities indicating that they may be ideal candidates for use in amorphous silicon based tandem cells.