bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The global education policy of school-based management in conflict-affected contexts: Current reach, prominent rationales, and future research
Authors: Edwards D Brent , Higa Sterling
Published: November 2017

For those who focus on the role of education in international development, the approach to education governance of school-based management (SBM) has been the primary means by which the participation of community members has been incorporated into the provision of education. However, while SBM is a well-known approach to governance that has become a global education policy, in that it is widely promoted, adapted, and implemented, a trend that stands out—and which is addressed in this paper—is the use of, and reference to, SBM in work on conflict-affected contexts (CACs). Indeed, there has been insufficient attention directed at understanding how SBM is advocated in these contexts. Our intention is to use the present paper as a point of departure for further discussion on issues that arise in relation to the intersection of SBM and CACs. With that in mind, we seek to characterize the extent to which international organizations espouse support for SBM, particularly when it comes to its applicability in CACs; to review the rationales that are invoked in favor of this governance model, again with a focus on CACs; and to highlight important areas for future research.
Building Realist Program Theory for Large Complex and Messy Interventions
Authors: Shearn Katie , Allmark Peter , Piercy Hilary , Hirst Julia
Published: November 2017

Program theory, that is, the specific idea about how a program causes the intended or observed outcomes, should be the central aspect of any realist evaluation or synthesis. The methods used for explicating or building initial rough program theories (IRPTs) in realist research are varied and arguably often underreported. In addition, preexisting psychological and sociological theories, at a higher level of abstraction, could be used to a greater extent to inform their development. This article illustrates a method for building IRPTs for use in realist research evaluation and synthesis. This illustration involves showing how the IRPTs were developed in a realist evaluation concerning sexual health services for young people. In this evaluation, a broad framework of abstract theories was constructed early in the process to support IRPT building and frame more specific program theories as they were developed. These abstract theories were selected to support theorizing at macro-, meso-, and microlevels of social structure. This article discusses the benefits of using this method to build initial theories for particular types of interventions that are large, complex, and messy. It also addresses challenges relating to the selection of suitable theories.
Tracheobronchial foreign body aspiration in pediatric patients: An experience on 1060 cases in 2015
Authors: Xu Ying , Liu Lu , Zhang Xue-Ru , Chen Wen-Bo , Zhu Zhu , Qi Li
Published: November 2017

This study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics of tracheobronchial foreign bodies (TFBs) in children and its methods of treatment, providing a theoretical basis for including TFBs into the clinical pathway for children and conducting bronchoscopy performed by senior residents and attending physicians under general anesthesia. The clinical data of 1060 patients diagnosed with TFBs from January 2015 to January 2016 were evaluated. The age, gender, clinical manifestations, foreign body properties, thoracic CT, and three-dimensional reconstruction, preoperative and postoperative complications, hospital stay, surgical and general anesthesia bronchoscopy, and foreign body removal surgery of these patients were analyzed. TFBs frequently occurred in 0- to 3-year-old patients, accounting for 92.5%, and 64.3% of these patients were male. There is no evident difference in foreign bodies detected in the left and right bronchus. Foreign bodies are mainly botanic, accounting for 88.9%, among which peanuts and melon seeds were mostly observed. All pediatric patients received tracheobronchoscopy under general anesthesia, and 97.3% of these surgeries were performed by senior residents and attending physicians. No complication or death occurred after the surgery. TFBs can be treated according to the clinical pathway. The timely and accurate diagnosis of TFBs and its performance under general anesthesia can evidently reduce the mortality rate. Senior residents and attending physicians can be qualified to perform the bronchoscopy after training.
Cross-Sectional Study to Assess the Functional Outcome of Neglected Bimalleolar Fracture
Authors: Shukla Rajeev , Jain Ravi Kant , Patidar Shravan , Jain Nikhil , Mahajan Pranav
Published: November 2017

Introduction. Ankle fracture is the most common intra-articular fracture of a weight-bearing joint and accounts for 9% of all fractures. Ankle fractures are classified into 3 subgroups: unimalleolar, bimalleolar, and trimalleolar fractures. Accurate reduction and stable internal fixation is necessary in bimalleolar fractures; otherwise, it may lead to posttraumatic painful restriction of movements or osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study is to assess the functional outcome and results of treatment of neglected bimalleolar fracture. Materials and Methods. Seventeen neglected bimalleolar fracture patients were treated with open reduction and internal fixation. Patients were followed-up at 1, 2, and 5 years and functional ability was assessed by using the modified Weber Rating Scale. Results. The mean age of patients was 41.4 ± 13.28 years. After 2 year of surgery, 13 out of 17 patients showed excellent results and 4 patients had fair results. Conclusion. Good to excellent functional results were observed after long-term follow-up in neglected bimalleolar fracture treated with open reduction and internal fixation, and we advise surgical intervention in all such patients.

Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level III: Retrospective Cohort study
Marathon running increases circulating endothelial- and thrombocyte-derived microparticles
Authors: Schwarz Viktoria , Düsing Philip , Liman Thomas , Werner Christian , Herm Juliane , Bachelier Katrin , Krüll Matthias , Brechtel Lars , Jungehulsing Gerhard J , Haverkamp Wilhelm , Böhm Michael , Endres Matthias , Haeusler Karl Georg , Laufs Ulrich
Published: November 2017

Background

Acute vascular effects of high intensity physical activity are incompletely characterized. Circulating microparticles are cellular markers for vascular activation and damage.

Methods

Microparticles were analysed in 99 marathon runners (49 ± 6 years, 22% female) of the prospective Berlin Beat of Running study. Blood samples were taken within three days before, immediately after and within two days after the marathon run. Endothelial-derived microparticles were labelled with CD144, CD31 and CD62E, platelet-derived microparticles with CD62P and CD42b, leukocyte-derived microparticles with CD45 and monocyte-derived microparticles with CD14.

Results

Marathon running induced leukocytosis (5.9 ± 0.1 to 14.8 ± 0.3 109/l, p < 0.0001) and increased platelet counts (239 ± 4.6 to 281 ± 5.9 109/l, p < 0.0001) immediately after the marathon. Blood monocytes increased and lymphocytes decreased after the run ( p < 0.0001). Endothelial-derived microparticles were acutely increased ( p = 0.008) due to a 23% increase of apoptotic endothelial-derived microparticles ( p = 0.007) and returned to baseline within two days after the marathon. Thrombocyte-derived microparticles acutely increased by 38% accompanied by an increase in activated and apoptotic thrombocyte-derived microparticles ( p ≤ 0.0001) each. Both monocyte- and leukocyte-derived microparticles were decreased immediately after marathon run ( p < 0.0001) and remained below baseline until day 2. Troponin T increased from 12 to 32 ng/l ( p < 0.0001) immediately after the run and returned to baseline after two days.

Conclusion

Circulating apoptotic endothelial- and thrombocyte-derived microparticles increased after marathon running consistent with an acute pro-thrombotic and pro-inflammatory state. Exercise-induced vascular damage reflected by microparticles could indicate potential mechanisms of post-exertional cardiovascular complications. Further studies are warranted to investigate microparticles as markers to identify individuals prone to such complications.
Nbeal2 interacts with Dock7, Sec16a, and Vac14
Authors: Mayer Louisa , Jasztal Maria , Pardo Mercedes , Aguera de Haro Salvadora , Collins Janine , Bariana Tadbir K. , Smethurst Peter A. , Grassi Luigi , Petersen Romina , Nurden Paquita , Favier Rémi , Yu Lu , Meacham Stuart , Astle William J. , Choudhary Jyoti , Yue Wyatt W. , Ouwehand Willem H. , Guerrero Jose A.
Published: November 2017

Key Points

Nbeal2 interacts with Dock7, Sec16a, and Vac14; and missense variants that cause GPS disrupt the binding of Dock7 and Vac14. The level of the α-granule protein Dock7 in platelets from Nbeal2−/− mice and GPS cases is reduced and its signaling pathway is dysregulated.
Implementation of the Moodle System Into EFL Classes
Authors: Gunduz Nuket , Ozcan Deniz
Published: November 2017

This study aims to examine students’ perception on using the Moodle system in secondary school in English as a foreign language lessons. A mixed method approach was used in this study with qualitative and quantitative research models. The study group consisted of 333 students and 12 English language teachers. The quantitative data were collected by a survey and qualitative data were collected by five open-ended questions. The results showed that students in general perceive themselves as sufficient in terms of the Moodle system and teachers thought that the system was contemporary and beneficial in the long run but at the time of the study it was not functioning well.
Conjugalidade, parentalidade e coparentalidade: associações com sintomas externalizantes e internalizantes em crianças e adolescentes
Authors: MOSMANN Clarisse Pereira , COSTA Crístofer Batista da , EINSFELD Priscila , SILVA Allana Gessiele Mello da , KOCH Cristiane
Published: November 2017

Resumo A literatura sustenta que os subsistemas conjugal, parental e coparental impactam no desenvolvimento dos filhos. Entretanto, investigações acerca da articulação entre esses subsistemas são escassas no contexto nacional. Objetivou-se avaliar as associações da conjugalidade, parentalidade e coparentalidade com sintomas internalizantes e externalizantes dos filhos. Foi realizado um estudo explicativo, quantitativo e transversal com 200 indivíduos (100 homens e 100 mulheres), que coabitassem com seus filhos de quatro a 18 anos. Foi utilizado questionário composto por seis escalas. Os resultados evidenciam congruência na percepção de pais e mães acerca da presença de sintomas nos filhos. Adaptabilidade conjugal e aprovação coparental foram preditoras dos sintomas internalizantes e competição coparental, exposição do filho ao conflito coparental prática parental de intrusividade, aprovação coparental e prática parental de supervisão do comportamento foram preditoras dos sintomas externalizantes. Esses resultados sustentam a interdependência dessas variáveis e reforçam a premissa de que intervenções familiares devem atentar para todo o sistema familiar.
Shear strengthening of plate girders using carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Azizi Saeed , Mehmandoost Kotlar Hossein , Narmashiri Kambiz
Published: November 2017

New methods for strengthening steel structures using fibre-reinforced polymer composites have been the subject of much recent research. Few studies have been carried out on shear strengthening of plate girders using carbon-fibre composites. In the study reported in this paper, the impact of carbon-fibre composite plates on end-zone shear capacity of steel-plate girders is investigated. A section of plate girder with a length and height of 300 mm was chosen for numerical modelling. All specimens were modelled using finite-element software. Initially, the software was verified using experimental data available in the literature. Eleven specimens with different arrangements of composite strips on the web of the plate girders were then investigated. Different ratios of composites were pasted on one side or both sides of the web. Static non-linear methods were used to analyse the specimens. The results indicated that fully strengthening the plate girders on both sides of the web significantly increased bearing capacity.
Realisation of enhanced self-compacting geopolymer concrete using spent garnet as sand replacement
Authors: Muttashar Habeeb Lateef , Mohd Ariffin Mohd Azreen , Hussin Mohd Warid , Ishaq Shafiq Bin
Published: November 2017

Garnets are a waste spin-off of surface treatment operations and thus remain a major environmental concern worldwide. The robust engineering properties of these waste garnets offer the opportunity to obtain efficient construction materials by way of their appropriate recycling. In this spirit, the authors evaluate the capacity of spent garnets as sand replacement for achieving self-compacting geopolymer concrete (SCGPC). Such SCGPC specimens are prepared using ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) wherein the river sand is replaced by spent garnet at varying contents (0 to 100%) under constant liquid/binder (L/B) mass ratio of 0·4. Performance evaluations of the developed SCGPC samples are made using several tests, including durability, workability and flexural, compressive and splitting tensile strength conforming to the Efnarc standard. Test results reveal an enhancement in the workability of the proposed SCGPC specimen with the increase of spent garnet contents. Furthermore, other strengths are discerned to be lower compared to the control sample at all stages of replacement. It is established that the spent garnet is a prospective candidate for sand replacement up to 25% in terms of environmental friendliness, cost effectiveness and conservation of natural resources.
Comparison Study of Different Approaches to Classification of Diffraction Images of Biological Particles Obtained in Coherent X-Ray Diffractive Imaging Experiments
Authors: Бобков С.А. , Bobkov S.A.
Published: November 2017

Invention of Coherent X-ray Diffractive Imaging (CXDI) technique allows to reconstruct inner structure of nanoparticles, such as proteins and viruses,
with 1 Å resolution. In CXDI experiments, free electron laser radiation scatters at sample of object under study and a diffraction image is recorded.
On a basis of many recorded diffraction images, original 3D structure is reconstructed. However, not all diffraction images can be used for
reconstruction, many images are empty, others contain diffraction pattern of some contaminant or include contributions of several particles.
Therefore, classification of recorded images by structure type becomes an important step of data analysis. This paper presents a comparison
of several approaches for images classification by the structure type. The comparison was performed on different experimental datasets. New European
X-ray Free-Electron Laser (XFEL) will start operating in 2017; it will allow collecting up to 27,000 diffraction images per second. The possibility
of image classification in European XFEL experiments at the rate of data collection was also investigated with considered approaches.
What Does it Take for Practitioners to Use Data to Change Behavior in Collective Impact?
Authors: Raderstrong Jeff , Nazaire JaNay Queen
Published: November 2017

The use of data to track and manage progress is critical to a collective impact initiative achieving results or understanding impact. Yet, little research has been done to determine how collective impact practitioners can effectively use data. This article—including a literature review, semi-structured interviews with experts on performance management and collective impact, as well as Living Cities’ experience with over 70 collective impact initiatives—outlines five steps for practitioners to grow their initiative’s capacity to use data: Agree on the Data; Find the Data; Present the Data; Discuss and Learn from the Data; Change Behavior and Share Responsibility.
Copula-based composite likelihood approach for frequency analysis of short annual precipitation records
Authors: Wei Ting , Song Songbai
Published: November 2017

Hydrological series lengths are decreasing due to decreasing investments and increasing human activities. For short sequences, a copula-based composite likelihood approach (CBCLA) has been employed to enhance the quality of hydrological design values. However, the Pearson type III (P-III) distribution for short annual precipitation records has not yet been thoroughly investigated using the CBCLA. This study used the CBCLA to incorporate the concurrent and non-concurrent periods contained in data of various lengths into an integrated framework to estimate the parameters of precipitation frequency distributions. The marginal distributions were fitted using the P-III distribution, and the joint probability was constructed using a copula which offers flexibility in choosing arbitrary marginals and dependence structure. Furthermore, the uncertainties in the estimated precipitation design values for the short series obtained from this approach were compared with those obtained from univariate analysis. Then, Monte-Carlo simulations were performed to examine the feasibility of this approach. The annual precipitation series at four stations in Weihe River basin, China, were used as a case study. Results showed that CBCLA with P-III marginals reduced the uncertainty in the precipitation design values for the short series and the reduction in the uncertainty became more significant with longer adjacent series.
Fluoride ion adsorption from wastewater using magnesium(II), aluminum(III) and titanium(IV) modified natural zeolite: kinetics, thermodynamics, and mechanistic aspects of adsorption
Authors: Ma Zhijun , Zhang Qi , Weng Xingyuan , Mang Changye , Si Liwei , Guan Zhihao , Cheng Liang
Published: November 2017

Natural zeolite was modified using metal ions, including magnesium(II), aluminum(III) and titanium(IV). The modified zeolite was then used as an adsorbent for the investigation of the adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamic parameters of fluoride ions in wastewater at various pHs and temperatures. The kinetics and thermodynamics for the removal of the fluoride ions onto the modified zeolite have also been investigated. The fluoride ion adsorption capacity of the three types of modified zeolites exhibited an increase, then decrease, with rising pH. The fluoride adsorption capacity of the modified zeolites decreased with an increase in temperature. The pseudo-second-order model is more suitable for describing the adsorption kinetic data than the pseudo-first-order model for modified zeolite and the adsorption process of the fluoride ions reveals pseudo-second-order kinetic behavior, respectively. It was found that the adsorption equilibrium data fit the Freundlich isothermal equation better than that of the Langmuir isothermal and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R) isothermal equations. Thermodynamic analysis suggests that the negative values of ΔG0 and ΔH0 further indicate that the fluoride adsorption process is both spontaneous and exothermic. The results of competitive adsorption tests suggest that the modified metal zeolite materials adsorb fluoride ions with high selectivity.
Engaging Men in Prenatal Health via eHealth: Findings From a National Survey (Preprint)
Authors: Mackert Michael , Guadagno Marie , Lazard Allison , Donovan Erin , Rochlen Aaron , Garcia Alexandra , Damásio Manuel José , Crook Brittani
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND

Pregnancy outcomes in the United States rank among the worst of countries with a developed health care system. Although traditional prenatal health primarily focuses on women, promising findings have emerged in international research that suggest the potential of including men in prenatal health interventions in the United States. eHealth apps present a promising avenue to reach new and expectant fathers with crucial parenting knowledge and healthy, supportive behaviors.

OBJECTIVE

The aim was to explore the perceived role of men in prenatal health, acceptability of eHealth to positively engage men during pregnancy, and participant-suggested ways of improving a prenatal health app designed for new and expectant fathers.

METHODS

A nationally representative sample of adult males (N=962) was recruited through an online survey panel. A third-party market research and digital data collection agency managed the recruitment. The sample had a mean age of 30.2 (SD 6.3) years and included both fathers (413/962, 42.9%) and non-fathers (549/962, 57.1%). Nearly 12.0% (115/962) of participants had a partner who was pregnant at the time of the survey.

RESULTS

Despite perceived barriers, such as time constraints, financial burdens, and an unclear role, men believe it is important to be involved in pregnancy health. The majority of participants (770/944, 81.6%) found the site to contain useful and interesting information. Most substantially, more than three-quarters (738/962, 76.7%) of the sample said they would share the site with others who would benefit from the information. Participants recommended the addition of interactive modules, such as a financial planning tool and videos, to make the site stronger.

CONCLUSIONS

We explored the use of targeted eHealth to introduce men to prenatal education. Results indicate men are favorable to this intervention. Additional refinement should include interactive tools to further engage men in this important issue. Reaching men at the prenatal phase is an early “teachable moment”—where new/expectant fathers are open to information on how to help their partners have a healthy pregnancy and promote the health of their unborn children. Findings will further inform best practices for engaging men in pregnancy, which is crucial for improving maternal and child health outcomes in the United States.
Modulation of GLP-1 Levels by a Genetic Variant That Regulates the Cardiovascular Effects of Intensive Glycemic Control in ACCORD
Authors: Shah Hetal S. , Morieri Mario Luca , Marcovina Santica M. , Sigal Ronald J. , Gerstein Hertzel C. , Wagner Michael J. , Motsinger-Reif Alison A. , Buse John B. , Kraft Peter , Mychaleckyj Josyf C. , Doria Alessandro
Published: November 2017

OBJECTIVE

A genome-wide association study in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial identified two markers (rs57922 and rs9299870) that were significantly associated with cardiovascular mortality during intensive glycemic control and could potentially be used, when combined into a genetic risk score (GRS), to identify patients with diabetes likely to derive benefit from intensive control rather than harm. The aim of this study was to gain insights into the pathways involved in the modulatory effect of these variants.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Fasting levels of 65 biomarkers were measured at baseline and at 12 months of follow-up in the ACCORD-Memory in Diabetes (ACCORD-MIND) MRI substudy (n = 562). Using linear regression models, we tested the association of the GRS with baseline and 12-month biomarker levels, and with their difference (Δ), among white subjects, with genotype data (n = 351) stratified by intervention arm.

RESULTS

A significant association was observed between GRS and ΔGLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide 1, active) in the intensive arm (P = 3 × 10−4). This effect was driven by rs57922 (P = 5 × 10−4). C/C homozygotes, who had been found to derive cardiovascular benefits from intensive treatment, showed a 22% increase in GLP-1 levels during follow-up. By contrast, T/T homozygotes, who had been found to experience increased cardiac mortality with intensive treatment, showed a 28% reduction in GLP-1 levels. No association between ΔGLP-1 and GRS or rs57922 was observed in the standard treatment arm.

CONCLUSIONS

Differences in GLP-1 axis activation may mediate the modulatory effect of variant rs57922 on the cardiovascular response to intensive glycemic control. These findings highlight the importance of GLP-1 as a cardioprotective factor.
Exploring Motivations for Studying Abroad: A Case Study of Taiwan
Authors: Lee Cheng-Fei
Published: November 2017

This study examined the factors that motivate international students from the decision to study to the choice of a country in which to study abroad. A survey was conducted with 555 international students undertaking university-level education in Taiwan. A principal component factor
analysis was used to identify the underlying dimensions of push and pull forces: two push and six pull motivation factors. Among these, desire to international travel and experience and tourism attractions were regarded as the most important push and pull motivation factors,
respectively. Although educationrelated motivation at both individual and host country levels remains the fundamental reason to study abroad, tourism-related motivation seems to play an even more important role in the study abroad decision-making process. Motivations for studying abroad vary
across nationalities and levels of study, indicating that international students are not a homogeneous market. Major implications are four fold: exploring the potential cooperation between the higher education and tourism sectors; posting its unique and specific tourism attributes on the official
websites of both governments and higher education institutions; customizing the positioning strategies on the basis of international student market segment by nationality and level of study; and forming strategic alliances between local and foreign universities.
Compare Of the West Syndrome with Other Syndromes in the Epileptic Encephalopathy - Kosovo Experience
Authors: Zeka Naim , Gerguri Abdurrahim , Bejiqi Ramush , Retkoceri Ragip , Vuciterna Armend
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND: West Syndrome (WS) represents as a specific epileptic encephalopathy characterised with a unique type of attacks, called infantile spasms, severe forms of abnormalities in electroencephalographic (EEG) records as a hypsarythmias and delays in the psychomotoric development. The characteristics of the disease, mostly affecting male gender, are infantile spasms and typical findings in EEG as a hypsarythmia. Infantile spasms are a consequence of many factors in the undeveloped brain.AIM:  We aimed: (1) to see the incidence of the illness and the spreading out because of gender in rapport   with other syndromes in the epileptic encephalopathies group; (2) to show principles of the treatment for the illness; and (3) to present the effects of the disease in the psycho-motoric development of affected children.METHODS: The study was designed as a cross-sectional study of the patients with epileptic encephalopathies, treated in Paediatric Clinic in Prishtina, from 1st of January 2013 until the 31st of December 2015. RESULTS: From the cohort group of 97 children diagnosed with epileptic encephalopathies, in 14 of them clinical and EEG signs of WS were noted. The earliest age of disease manifestation was 74 days (± 63.8 days). On the group of children with WS, 13 of them with Natrium Valpropat were treated, with the doses of 301.9 mg (± 64.1). From the cohort group, in 89 children (91.8%) psychomotoric retardation was documented, within the higher reoccurrence in the undifferentiated epileptic encephalopathies (96%) and the WS (78.6%).CONCLUSION: WS is a frequent disease of the encephalopathies with the epileptogenic framework. The resistance in anticonvulsive therapy is huge, and psychomotoric retardation follows a big percentage of children with this syndrome.
Vivre dans une société paradoxante
Authors: de Gaulejac Vincent
Published: November 2017

L’anxiété est la face d’ombre de la culture de la haute performance. L’échec est renvoyé à l’individu comme le fruit de son insuffisance, comme un symptôme d’une incapacité mentale ou psychologique, alors qu’il est aussi (surtout ?) la conséquence d’exigences et de contraintes sociales de plus en plus élevées. D’où une interrogation sur la réciprocité des influences entre le social et le psychique, par exemple dans le développement des troubles bipolaires caractéristique des sociétés hypermodernes, ou encore dans le sentiment de harcèlement, symptôme éprouvé dans des grandes entreprises qui mettent leur personnel sous tension et les confrontent à des injonctions paradoxales en continu. C’est la société tout entière qui semble devenir paradoxante. Entre adaptation et résistance, les individus tentent de se protéger en mettant en place des réactions défensives et des mécanismes de dégagement.
Liens entre les pratiques éducatives, le style d’attachement du parent et les comportements d’inattention et d’hyperactivité /impulsivité
Authors: Nahas Nayla , Normandeau Sylvie , Girard Lapointe Julie
Published: November 2017

Cette étude vise à identifier les liens entre les styles d’attachement des parents (n=110) des enfants ayant un trouble déficitaire de l’attention avec ou sans hyperactivité (TDAH) et les pratiques éducatives associées aux dimensions spécifiques du TDAH (inattention et hyperactivité). Les parents des enfants ayant un TDAH semblent être pour la plupart insécurisés et particulièrement préoccupés. Les parents insécurisés en général et les préoccupés en particulier rapportent significativement moins de discipline verbale positive, moins de félicitations et récompenses, moins de supervision adaptée et plus de discipline sévère et inconstante que les parents sécurisés. Par ailleurs, plus les parents exercent une pauvre supervision plus les enfants déploient des comportements hyperactifs. En somme cette étude souligne l’importance relative du style d’attachement des parents et de leurs pratiques éducatives comme facteur de risque au développement ou à l’exacerbation des symptômes pouvant s’apparenter au TDAH.
El espacio social del consumo en la culturade la postmodernidad
Authors: García Ballesteros Aurora
Published: November 2017

El consumo y las exclusiones que genera ocupan un papel cada vez más importante en la sociedad actual. La dimensión socioespacial del consumo como generadora de nuevos procesos de diferenciación territorial y de exclusión social persiste y adquiere nuevas formas en relación con el acentuado significado cultural y simbólico del propio consumo. El estudio de las relaciones sociales y los significados simbólicos que comporta el consumo cobran así cada vez mayor significado en la geografía contemporánea.
Cambios en las formas y lugares de consumo en Madrid
Authors: García Escalona Emilia
Published: November 2017

Se presentan las nuevas formas y lugares de consumo en la aglomeración urbana madrileña, la explosión de lugares, formas, la concentración, la masificación, la búsqueda de la singularidad producto del individualismo de fines del siglo XX. A través de tres variables seleccionadas: comercio, restauración y cine, teniendo en cuenta su ubicación y especialización en el entramado urbano.
La industria galletera en España
Authors: Feo Parrondo Francisco
Published: November 2017

La industria galletera en España. En el trabajo se estudia este subsector agroindustrial, su delimitación, evolución y situación actual, producción en cantidad y valor, empleo, principales empresas, participación del capital exterior, cambios en el consumo y comercio exterior.

[fr] L'industrie biscuitière en Espagne. Dans ce travail on étudie ce sous-secteur agroindustriel, sa délimitation, son évolution et sa situation actuelle, sa production en ce qui concerne la quantité et la valeur, l'emploi, principales entrepises, participation du capital extérieur, changements produits dans la consommation et le commerce internationale.
Leyendas, relatos, mitos y clima
Authors: Olcina Cantos Jorge
Published: November 2017

Las sociedades primitivas, en los estadios primeros de civilización han buscado explicación a los hechos de la naturaleza. Entre estos la interpretación de los signos de cielo ha ocupado una papel fundamental. Por lo demás, los panteones suelen estar presididos por una divinidad principal de la que depende la propia acción solar u otros fenómenos atmosféricos significativos. En el mundo occidental la aparición de las ideas de los presocráticos, en el s. VI a. J. C, marcará el final de la interpretación mitológica de los fenómenos meteorológicos
Explotación forestal e industria resinera en España: 1900-1936
Authors: Uriarte Ayo Rafael
Published: November 2017

En las décadas que precedieron a la Guerra Civil, la industria resinera española tuvo un intenso desarrollo productivo. Su presencia se extendió en un amplio espacio geográfico, cuyo núcleo fundamental se encontraba en la meseta norte castellana. La calidad y amplitud de las masas de coniferas existentes en numerosas provincias del interior de España, permitieron el desarrollo de una industria transformadora en zonas eminentemente rurales y configuraron un espacio forestal sometido a una intensa explotación y adaptado a los requerimientos de la industria.
Parallel functional and stoichiometric trait shifts in South American and African forest communities with elevation
Authors: Bauters Marijn , Verbeeck Hans , Demol Miro , Bruneel Stijn , Taveirne Cys , Van der Heyden Dries , Cizungu Landry , Boeckx Pascal
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The Amazon and Congo basins are the two largest continuous blocks of tropical forest with a central role for global biogeochemical cycles and ecology. However, both biomes differ in structure and species richness and composition. Understanding future directions of the response of both biomes to environmental change is paramount. We used one elevational gradient on both continents to investigate functional and stoichiometric trait shifts of tropical forest in South America and Africa. We measured community-weighted functional canopy traits and canopy and topsoil δ15N signatures. We found that the functional forest composition response along both transects was parallel, with a shift towards more nitrogen-conservative species at higher elevations. Moreover, canopy and topsoil δ15N signals decreased with increasing altitude, suggesting a more conservative N cycle at higher elevations. This cross-continental study provides empirical indications that both South American and African tropical forest show a parallel response with altitude, driven by nitrogen availability along the elevational gradients, which in turn induces a shift in the functional forest composition. More standardized research, and more research on other elevational gradients is needed to confirm our observations.
Regulation of inorganic carbon acquisition in a red tide alga (Skeletonema costatum): the importance of phosphorus availability
Authors: Gao Guang , Xia Jianrong , Yu Jinlan , Fan Jiale , Zeng Xiaopeng
Published: November 2017

Abstract. S. costatum is a common bloom-forming diatom and encounters eutrophication and severe CO2 limitation during red tides. However, little is known regarding the role of phosphorus in modulating inorganic carbon acquisition in S. costatum，particularly under CO2 limitation conditions. We cultured S. costatum under five phosphate levels (0.05, 0.25, 1, 4, 10 μmol L−1) and then treated it with two CO2 conditions (2.8 and 12.6 μmol L−1) for two hours. The lower CO2 reduced net photosynthetic rate at lower phosphate levels ( 1 μmol L−1). The lower CO2 did not change rETR at lower phosphate levels (0.05 and 0.25 μmol L−1) and increased it at higher phosphate levels (> 1 μmol L−1). Photosynthetic CO2 affinity (K0.5) decreased with phosphate levels. The lower CO2 did not affect K0.5 at 0.05 μmol L−1 phosphate but reduced it at the other phosphate levels. Activity of extracellular carbonic anhydrase was dramatically induced by the lower CO2 at phosphate replete conditions (> 0.25 μmol L−1) and the same pattern also occurred for redox activity of plasma membrane. Direct HCO3− use was induced when phosphate concentration is more than 1 μmol L−1. This study indicates the essential role of P in regulating inorganic carbon acquisition and CO2 concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) in S. costatum and sheds light on how bloom-forming algae cope with carbon limitation during the development of red tides.
Simulation of climate, ice sheets and CO2 evolution during the last four glacial cycles with an Earth system model of intermediate complexity
Authors: Ganopolski Andrey , Brovkin Victor
Published: November 2017

Abstract. In spite of significant progress in paleoclimate reconstructions and modelling of different aspects of the past glacial cycles, the mechanisms which transform regional and seasonal variations in solar insolation into long-term and global-scale glacial–interglacial cycles are still not fully understood – in particular, in relation to CO2 variability. Here using the Earth system model of intermediate complexity CLIMBER-2 we performed simulations of the co-evolution of climate, ice sheets, and carbon cycle over the last 400 000 years using the orbital forcing as the only external forcing. The model simulates temporal dynamics of CO2, global ice volume, and other climate system characteristics in good agreement with paleoclimate reconstructions. These results provide strong support for the idea that long and strongly asymmetric glacial cycles of the late Quaternary represent a direct but strongly nonlinear response of the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets to orbital forcing. This response is strongly amplified and globalised by the carbon cycle feedbacks. Using simulations performed with the model in different configurations, we also analyse the role of individual processes and sensitivity to the choice of model parameters. While many features of simulated glacial cycles are rather robust, some details of CO2 evolution, especially during glacial terminations, are sensitive to the choice of model parameters. Specifically, we found two major regimes of CO2 changes during terminations: in the first one, when the recovery of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) occurs only at the end of the termination, a pronounced overshoot in CO2 concentration occurs at the beginning of the interglacial and CO2 remains almost constant during the interglacial or even declines towards the end, resembling Eemian CO2 dynamics. However, if the recovery of the AMOC occurs in the middle of the glacial termination, CO2 concentration continues to rise during the interglacial, similar to the Holocene. We also discuss the potential contribution of the brine rejection mechanism for the CO2 and carbon isotopes in the atmosphere and the ocean during the past glacial termination.
The NorESM1-Happi used for evaluating differences between a global warming of 1.5 °C and 2 °C, and the role of Arctic Amplification
Authors: Iversen Trond , Bethke Ingo , Debernard Jens B. , Graff Lise S. , Seland Øyvind , Bentsen Mats , Kirkevåg Alf , Li Camille , Olivié Dirk J. L.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Abstract. The global NorESM1-M model that produced results for CMIP5 (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/index.html) has been slightly upgraded to NorESM1-Happi, and has been run with double resolution (~ 1° in the atmosphere and the land surface) to provide model simulations to address the differences between a 1.5 °C and a 2.0 °C warmer climate than the 1850 pre-industrial. As a part of the validation of temperature-targeted model simulations, the atmosphere and land models have been run fully coupled with deep ocean and sea-ice as an extension of the NorESM1-M which produced CMIP5-results. Selected results from a standard set of validation experiments are discussed: a 500-year 1850 pre-industrial control run, three runs for the historical period 1850–2005, three detection and attribution runs, and three future projection runs based on RCPs. NorESM1-Happi has a better representation of sea-ice, improved Northern Hemisphere (NH) extratropical cyclone and blocking activity, and a fair representation of the Madden-Julian oscillation. The amplitude of ENSO signals is reduced and is too small, although the frequency is improved. The strength of the AMOC is larger and probably too large. Modern era global near-surface temperatures and the cloudiness are considerably under-estimated, while the precipitation and the intensity of the hydrological cycle are over-estimated, although the atmospheric residence time of water-vapour appears satisfactory. An ensemble of AMIP-type runs with prescribed SSTs and sea-ice from observations at present-day and a set of global CMIP5 models for a 1.5 °C and a 2.0 °C world (i.e. AMIP) has been provided by the model to a multi-model project (HAPPI, http://www.happimip.org/). This paper concentrates on the results from the NorESM1-Happi AMIP runs, which are compared to results from a slab-ocean version of the model (NorESM1-HappiSO) designed to emulate the AMIP simulation allowing SST and sea-ice to respond. The paper discusses the Arctic Amplification of the global change signal. The slab-ocean results generally show stronger response than the AMIP results to a global change, such as reduced NH extratropical cyclone activity, and different changes in the occurrence of blocking. A considerable difference in the reduction of sea-ice in the Arctic between a 1.5 °C and a 2.0 °C world is simulated. Ice-free summer conditions in the Arctic is estimated to be very rare for the 1.5 °C case, but to occur 40 % of the time for the 2.0 °C case. These results agree with some fully coupled models, but need to be further confirmed.
Understanding terrestrial water storage variations in northern latitudes across scales
Authors: Trautmann Tina , Koirala Sujan , Carvalhais Nuno , Eicker Annette , Fink Manfred , Niemann Christoph , Jung Martin
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The GRACE satellites provide signals of total terrestrial water storage (TWS) variations over large spatial domains at seasonal to inter-annual time scales. While the GRACE data have been extensively and successfully used to assess spatio-temporal changes in TWS, little effort has been made to quantify the relative contributions of snow pack, soil moisture and other components to the integrated TWS signal across northern latitudes, which is essential to gain a better insight into the underlying hydrological processes. Therefore, this study aims to assess which storage component dominates the spatio-temporal patterns of TWS variations in the humid regions of northern mid-to-high latitudes. To do so, we constrained a rather parsimonious hydrological model with multiple state-of-the-art Earth observation products including GRACE TWS anomalies, estimates of snow water equivalent, evapotranspiration fluxes, and gridded runoff estimates. The optimized model demonstrates good agreement with observed hydrological patterns, and was used to assess the relative contributions of solid (snow pack) versus liquid (soil moisture, retained water) storage components to total TWS variations. In particular, we analysed whether the same storage component dominates TWS variations at seasonal and inter-annual temporal scales, and whether the dominating component is consistent across small to large spatial scales. Consistent with previous studies, we show that snow dynamics control seasonal TWS variations across spatial scales in the northern mid-to-high latitudes. In contrast, we find that inter-annual variations of TWS are dominated by liquid water storages, comprising mainly of soil moisture. However, as the spatial domain over which the storages are averaged becomes larger, the relative contribution of snow to inter-annual TWS variations increases. This is due to a stronger spatial coherence of snow anomalies as opposed to spatially more heterogeneous liquid water anomalies that cancel out over large spatial domains. The findings first highlight the effectiveness of our model-data fusion approach that jointly interprets multiple Earth observation data streams with a simple model. Secondly, they reveal that the determinants of TWS variations in snow-affected northern latitudes are scale dependent. We conclude that inferred driving mechanisms of TWS cannot simply be transferred from one scale to another, which is of particular relevance for understanding the short and long-term variability of water resources.
Global teleconnectivity structures of the El Niño-Southern
Oscillation and large volcanic eruptions – An evolving network
perspective
Authors: Kittel Tim , Ciemer Catrin , Lotfi Nastaran , Peron Thomas , Rodrigues Francisco , Kurths Jürgen , Donner Reik V.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Recent work has provided ample evidence that global climate dynamics at time-scales between multiple weeks and several years can be severely affected by the episodic occurrence of both, internal (climatic) and external (non-climatic) perturbations. Here, we aim to improve our understanding on how regional to local disruptions of the “normal” state of the global surface air temperature field affect the corresponding global teleconnectivity structure. Specifically, we present an approach to quantify teleconnectivity based on different characteristics of functional climate network analysis. Subsequently, we apply this framework to study the impacts of different phases of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) as well as the three largest volcanic eruptions since the mid 20th century on the dominating spatio-temporal co-variability patterns of daily surface air temperatures. Our results confirm the existence of global effects of ENSO which result in episodic breakdowns of the hierarchical organization of the global temperature field. This is associated with the emergence of strong teleconnections. At more regional scales, similar effects are found after major volcanic eruptions. Taken together, the resulting time-dependent patterns of network connectivity allow a tracing of the spatial extents of the dominating effects of both types of climate disruptions. We discuss possible links between these observations and general aspects of atmospheric circulation.
An Energetic Perspective on United States Tropical Cyclone Landfall Droughts
Authors: Truchelut Ryan E. , Staehling Erica M.
Published: November 2017

The extremely active 2017 Atlantic hurricane season concluded an extended period of quiescent continental United States tropical cyclone landfall activity that began in 2006, commonly referred to as the landfall drought. We introduce an extended climatology of U.S. tropical cyclone activity based on accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) and use this data set to investigate variability and trends in landfall activity. The drought years between 2006 and 2016 recorded an average value of total annual ACE over the U.S. that was less than 60% of the 1900–2017 average. Scaling this landfall activity metric by basin‐wide activity reveals a statistically significant downward trend since 1950, with the percentage of total Atlantic ACE expended over the continental U.S. at a series minimum during the recent drought period.
A critical role of hepatitis B virus polymerase in cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and steatosis
Authors: Chung Hea‐Jong , Chen Xiao , Yu Yang , Lee Heui‐Kwan , Song Chang Ho , Choe Han , Lee Seungkoo , Kim Hyeon‐Jin , Hong Seong‐Tshool
Published: November 2017

Hepatitis B is one of the most common infectious diseases in the world; more than 350 million people are carriers of hepatitis B virus (HBV). Chronic HBV infection (CHB) leads to liver diseases such as cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and steatosis. Despite its seriousness in terms of public health, the pathogenic mechanism of how CHB leads to liver diseases, especially cirrhosis and steatosis, remains unclear. We studied the role of HBV polymerase (HBp) reverse transcriptase (RT) activity in association with the pathogenesis of liver diseases in CHB by developing transgenic mice expressing HBp or the RT domain of HBp. Thorough pathological, serological, and histological analyses of the transgenic mice, as well as mechanistic studies, were conducted. All of the transgenic mice expressing RT in their livers developed early cirrhosis with steatosis by 18 months of age, and 10% developed HCC. The RT activity of HBp stimulates coordinated proapoptotic and proinflammatory responses involving the caspase‐9, caspase‐3, and caspase‐1 pathways that might lead to the development of cirrhosis, HCC, and steatosis. The animal model described here should prove useful for elucidating the molecular events in the CHB‐induced liver diseases.