bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fecal microbiota and bile acid interactions with systemic and adipose tissue metabolism in diet-induced weight loss of obese postmenopausal women
Authors: Alemán José O. , Bokulich Nicholas A. , Swann Jonathan R. , Walker Jeanne M. , De Rosa Joel Correa , Battaglia Thomas , Costabile Adele , Pechlivanis Alexandros , Liang Yupu , Breslow Jan L. , Blaser Martin J. , Holt Peter R.
Published: September 2018

Background

Microbiota and bile acids in the gastrointestinal tract profoundly alter systemic metabolic processes. In obese subjects, gradual weight loss ameliorates adipose tissue inflammation and related systemic changes. We assessed how rapid weight loss due to a very low calorie diet (VLCD) affects the fecal microbiome and fecal bile acid composition, and their interactions with the plasma metabolome and subcutaneous adipose tissue inflammation in obesity.

Methods

We performed a prospective cohort study of VLCD-induced weight loss of 10% in ten grades 2–3 obese postmenopausal women in a metabolic unit. Baseline and post weight loss evaluation included fasting plasma analyzed by mass spectrometry, adipose tissue transcription by RNA sequencing, stool 16S rRNA sequencing for fecal microbiota, fecal bile acids by mass spectrometry, and urinary metabolic phenotyping by1H-NMR spectroscopy. Outcome measures included mixed model correlations between changes in fecal microbiota and bile acid composition with changes in plasma metabolite and adipose tissue gene expression pathways.

Results

Alterations in the urinary metabolic phenotype following VLCD-induced weight loss were consistent with starvation ketosis, protein sparing, and disruptions to the functional status of the gut microbiota. We show that the core microbiome was preserved during VLCD-induced weight loss, but with changes in several groups of bacterial taxa with functional implications. UniFrac analysis showed overall parallel shifts in community structure, corresponding to reduced abundance of the genusRoseburiaand increasedChristensenellaceae;g__(unknown genus). Imputed microbial functions showed changes in fat and carbohydrate metabolism. A significant fall in fecal total bile acid concentration and reduced deconjugation and 7-α-dihydroxylation were accompanied by significant changes in several bacterial taxa. Individual bile acids in feces correlated with amino acid, purine, and lipid metabolic pathways in plasma. Furthermore, several fecal bile acids and bacterial species correlated with altered gene expression pathways in adipose tissue.

Conclusions

VLCD dietary intervention in obese women changed the composition of several fecal microbial populations while preserving the core fecal microbiome. Changes in individual microbial taxa and their functions correlated with variations in the plasma metabolome, fecal bile acid composition, and adipose tissue transcriptome.

Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT01699906, 4-Oct-2012, Retrospectively registered. URL-https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01699906
Rnf220 cooperates with Zc4h2 to specify spinal progenitor domains
Authors: Kim Jumee , Choi Tae-Ik , Park Shinhye , Kim Myung Hee , Kim Cheol-Hee , Lee Seunghee
Published: September 2018

During early embryonic development of the spinal cord, graded sonic hedgehog signaling establishes distinct ventral progenitor domains by regulating the spatiotemporal expression of fate-specifying transcription factors. However, regulation of their protein stability remains incompletely understood. Here, we show that RNF220, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, plays crucial roles in the generation of the ventral progenitor domains, which produce ventral interneurons and motor neurons, by targeting key transcription factors including Dbx1/2 and Nkx2.2 for degradation. Surprisingly, RNF220 interacts with, and is co-expressed with, a zinc-finger protein ZC4H2, and they cooperate to degrade Dbx1/2 and Nkx2.2. RNF220-null mice show widespread alterations of ventral progenitor domains, including the loss of the p2 domain that produces V2 interneurons. Knockdown of RNF220 and ZC4H2 in the chick spinal cord downregulates expression of the V2 interneuronal marker Chx10. Co-expression of RNF220 and ZC4H2 further promotes the ability of Nkx6.1 to induce ectopic Chx10+ V2 interneurons. Our results uncover a novel regulatory pathway in establishing distinct progenitor domains through modulating the protein stability of transcription factors. Our results provide insights into the molecular mechanism by which ZC4H2 mutations lead to human syndromes characterized by delayed motor development.
Early hyaluronidase use in preventing skin necrosis after treatment with dermal fillers: Report of two cases
Authors: Ciancio Francesco , Tarico Maria Stella , Giudice Giuseppe , Perrotta Rosario Emanuele
Published: September 2018

Injection of dermal fillers, like hyaluronic acid (HA), is a safe procedure, with few and transient side effects such as erythema, bruising and swelling etc. The aim of this report is to provide our protocol for the early treatment of necrotic complications after facial treatment with dermal fillers.

We present two cases of skin suffering of the face after dermal infiltration of HA, treated successfully with our early protocol. Our protocol includes the early infiltration of hyaluronidase in the treated areas. We start with infiltration of hyaluronidase distributed over the area to be treated through micro-injections with dosage 40 IU per cm2. Our protocol includes the use of systemic corticosteroids for 4 days, anti-aggregation therapy, oral antibiotic, topical cream with nitric oxide and compresses with gauze and warm water.

In the skin complications after dermal filler treatment, marked pain and characteristic reticulated erythema in the skin distribution of the affected vessels is often developed. Due to the implementation of our protocol in these patients, we managed to avoid an irreversible necrotic complication of the face in both cases.

In this report, our protocol was compared with results published in the literature and allowed us to avoid complications such as skin necrosis with permanent damage.
Accuracy of clinical coding in plastic surgery trauma
Authors: Mole RJ , Wong KY , Khan M
Published: September 2018

What makes it difficult to code procedures in the NHS?
Responses from Incubators to the Creative Economy
Authors: Zardo Julia , Mello Ruth
Published: September 2018

The article analyzes the creative economy and how incubators around the world are managing to meet its needs. We chose as case studies the top 13 best incubators in the world according to UBI Index 2016 to demonstrate, again, the importance of the creative economy and corresponding responses from incubators. We focus especially on the case of the Genesis Institute, in Brazil which had to modernize itself to adapt to the emerging creative economy. From the research conducted, the following conclusions are reached: one, creative sectors are growing; and, two, it is necessary for incubators to adapt and meet these sectors’ needs not only in Brazil but globally. Furthermore, it is possible to notice that certain incubators which have not developed creative sectors extensively will soon need to modernize, as their countries are already recognizing the importance of creative economy. Considering the incubators analyzed by this article and which have adapted to the emerging creative economy and its needs, it is considered that modernization is necessary to effectively serve startups.
FILSAFAT ILMU TERKAIT DENGAN PERENCANAAN WILAYAH DAN KOTA (Studi kasus: Green Urban Open Space dan Quality of Life)
Authors: Putra Dimas Widya , Hidayat Heru Purboyo
Published: September 2018

Green urban open space becomes discourse in many cities, several cities in Indonesia have gained award because of their successful in building green urban open space, among them are: Surabaya and Bandung, the exsistence of green urban open space can be considered in improving city dwellers’s quality of life, quality of life connected field with urban and regional planning as part of comprehensive planning, science philosophy is a foundation to understand research positition. This research using qualitative descriptive to explore research position in urban and regional planning connected with knowledge philosophy. Analysis technique used in this research is descriptive evaluative using literature and theory. This paper concludes that green urban open space and quality of life are empirical research, logic, and can be measured. These concepts are parts of deductive research and reflection that the urban and regional planning is a logic knowledge and a science part.
Morphological Characteristics of Different Rates of Dying
Authors: Putincev V. A. , Bogomolov D. V. , Sundukov D. V.
Published: September 2018

The purpose of the study: scientific evidence and development of accessible morphological criteria that allow to determine the duration of dying and the rate of dying.

Materials and methods. The material of the main study included 206 identified deaths of persons with different pre-known processes of dying, which served as criterion for selection from1500 deaths (n=206, 14%). Of these, 110 cases were observed by the forensic medical expertize, 79 cases were revealed by the forensic medical examination of the dead body and 17 cases were included after the postmortem autopsy. The sample included from 30 to 57 cases subdivided in 5 groups. 53 cases were selected for the first time interval, 30 observations for the second one, 32 observations for the third one, 34 observations for the fourth one and 57 observations for the fifth time interval. The following methods were used to study the material: analysis of information about the circumstances of death (based on the records), retrospective clinical and anatomical analysis, the main (classical) method of autopsy of human corpses in sectional studies and histological examination. In addition, an immunohistochemical test, as well as morphometric, macroscopic and photographic methods were used. For the accuracy and reliability of the findings, morphological and statistical analysis was used, which included both statistical analysis of morphological characteristics and tanatogenetic analysis of the cases of the sampled material.

Study results. We developed and scientifically proved a methodology for determining 5 rates of dying according to the morphological characteristics systematized in morphological complexes: fulminant rate ≤15-30 min; fast rate >30 min — ≤2 h; moderate rate >2 — ≤6 h; slow rate >6 — ≤12 h; lingering rate >12 h. Approbation of the proposed method on the gross experimental material allowed to set the diagnostic limit of the total significance for each morphological complex, and thereby, to improve the methodology of establishing the rate of dying in accordance to the morphological characteristics for the use in forensic practice.

Conclusion. The morphological complexes of the rate of dying established in this work would serve as a base for further development of not only forensic thanatology, but also for the aim of improving the medical and preventive care.
A DESCONSIDERAÇÃO DA PERSONALIDADE JURÍDICA PARA A RESPONSABILIZAÇÃO PATRIMONIAL DE EX-SÓCIO
Authors: Cantali Fernanda Borghetti , Gueno Aline Woltz
Published: September 2018

A desconsideração da personalidade jurídica é uma medida, jurisprudencialmente criada, para coibir o uso fraudulento e abusivo da pessoa jurídica por seus sócios, haja vista a existência da autonomia patrimonial aliada à limitação de responsabilidade. A hipótese tradicional de aplicação do instituto é aquela que permite o atingimento do patrimônio pessoal do sócio quando comprovado o cometimento de fraude ou de abuso de direito. Ocorre que, além da forma tradicional, a jurisprudência vem construindo outras hipóteses de aplicação do instituto. Um destes casos especiais é a possibilidade de aplicação da desconsideração da personalidade jurídicapara alcançar o patrimônio de ex-sócio. Isso é possível quando o sócio, após a utilização inadequada da pessoa jurídica, caracterizando-se a fraude ou o abuso de direito, se retira da sociedade, deixando-a com seu patrimônio esvaziado com o intuito de frustrar os interesses dos credores da sociedade. Neste caso, aplica-se o instituto da desconsideração dapersonalidade jurídica permitindo-se o alcance do patrimônio pessoal do ex-sócio, o qual participava da sociedade quando da constituição da obrigação inadimplida pela sociedade.
A EFETIVIDADE DO TERMO DE AJUSTAMENTO DE CONDUTA (TAC) COMO INSTRUMENTO DE REPARAÇÃO DO MEIO AMBIENTE: UMA ANÁLISE DO CASO DE MARIANA/MG*
Authors: Berna Fernanda Da Luz
Published: September 2018

O presente artigo irá abordar o posicionamento da doutrinade direito ambiental, acerca da utilização do Termo de Ajustamentode Conduta (TAC), como instrumento efetivo de reparaçãode danos ambientais, analisando, a sua aplicação e efetividade nocaso ocorrido em Mariana/MG, em novembro de 2015.
Analisis Angka Harapan Lama Sekolah di Indonesia Timur Menggunakan Weighted Least Squares Regression
Authors: Kahar Arifin M
Published: September 2018

Human Development Index (HDI) is one of the data and information used by the local government to measure the achievement of human development with the basic components of quality of life that is life expectancy that represents health dimension, expected years of schooling (EYS) and mean years of schooling (MYS) represents the educational dimension, and purchasing power parity that represents decent living dimension. HDI especially in eastern Indonesia in the last three years has continued to increase but the figure is always below from the national figure even left behind if compared with West Indonesia. One dimension that is still low achievement is the educational dimension. EYS is one of the indicators on the educational dimension that is still a low achievement. Therefore, this research would like to know the influence of percentage of poor people, Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) per capita, net enrollment rate (NER) of junior high school, and a ratio of educational facilities to EYS in eastern Indonesia. Using Weighted Least Squares (WLS) method concluded that the four predictor variables used were able to influence EYS in Eastern Indonesia.
Medical Humanities: time to join the mainstream of medical education
Authors: Houston Muiris
Published: September 2018

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Medical Humanities has grown in stature and scholarship in recent years. Much of the credit for this must go to academic humanists. Medical academics, with some notable exceptions, have not taken ownership of the discipline. The time has come for this to change. The medical humanities have so much to offer students in this era of patient centred healthcare that this imbalance must be addressed. It's time for medical humanities to move from the periphery of medical education to a central role in the undergraduate curriculum.
Antifungal effects of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Vitex agnus-castus against vaginal isolates of Candida albicans
Authors: Keikha Nasser , Shafaghat Mahdieh , Mousavi Seyed Mohamad , Moudi Mahdiyeh , Keshavarzi Farshid
Published: September 2018

Background and Purpose: Vulvovaginal candidiasis is one of the most common infections in female genital organs, which is caused by Candida species. Candida albicans is the causative agent of more than 80% of infections, and the role of non-Candida strains in the disease etiology is less prominent. The expansion of Azoles resistance among C. albicans strains is considered an important medical problem. According to previous studies, Vitex agnus-castus (vitex) has some antimicrobial effects. We aimed to evaluate the anti-fungal effects of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of vitex against clinical vaginal isolates of C. albicans in comparison with fluconazole.
Materials and Methods: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis was performed on vitex to identify its possible bioactive components. Forty C. albicans clinical isolates were identified by using germ tube, chlamydospore production, culture on CHROMagar, and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Finally, after the extraction of vitex, drug susceptibility test was carried out according to the clinical laboratory standards institute (CLSI) M27-S4 document guidelines.
Results: The major chemical components of vitex leaf as determined by gas chromatography included α-Pinene, isoterpinolene, caryophyllene, and azulene. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of vitex, as well as fluconazole were within the ranges of 15.62–62.5, 7.81–15.62, and 0.25–8 μg/mL, respectively.
Conclusion: Our findings showed that the alcoholic and aqueous extracts of vitex had antifungal activity against clinical isolates of C. albicans. Moreover, the alcoholic extract of vitex and fluconazole were more effective against clinical vaginal isolates of C. albicans compared to the aqueous extract of vitex.
Na ratunek dla folkloru (Rozmowa z dr. Janem Łuczkowskim)
Authors: Stanik Stanisław
Published: September 2018

-
Editorial
Authors: Ávila Vásquez Manuel Oswaldo
Published: September 2018

Hoy cumplimos con el insoslayable compromiso de publicar el V. 4 número 22 de la revista Cuestiones de Filosofía. Para todos los que han contribuido en esta labor nuestro más sincero agradecimiento, en especial, a cada uno de los autores que, de forma gentil, han permitido la publicación de sus trabajos, así como, a cada uno delos evaluadores que, con sus acertados conceptos, enriquecieron las contribuciones allegadas. Además, de estos reconocimientos, es importante no descuidar agradecer a cada uno de los miembros de nuestroscomités editorial y científico.
A importância da percepção do patrimônio natural dos recursos hídricos em processos de parcelamento do solo
Authors: Fantinatti Pedro Augusto Pinheiro , Zuffo Antonio Carlos
Published: September 2018

A água é um elemento essencial para a vida. No entanto, o desenvolvimento industrial e o crescimento urbano têm provocado a concentração de uma quantidade considerável de lixo causando a degradação dos rios e suas nascentes. Este processo predatório de urbanização é ainda mais concentrado na América Latina. O que acontece, na verdade, é a consolidação de ocupações ilegais em áreas de proteção ambiental, devido ao custo impraticável da sua remoção. Ações devem ser tomadas para tornar mais eficiente os programas de urbanização e da qualidade desejada pela população, dentro dos padrões reconhecidos de sustentabilidade. Devem ser integrados os processos de planejamento, implantação e conservação nos projetos de urbanização, tendo em conta os conflitos e interesses das partes interessadas, visando a sustentabilidade das bacias hidrográficas. Nesta primeira fase desta pesquisa, tem sido feito um levantamento dos processos de concepção, planejamento e execução de projetos de urbanização, considerando as ações, ferramentas, símbolos e conflitos no interior das bacias hidrográficas. Este trabalho pretende propor uma metodologia que possa conduzir os processos de urbanização para que os conflitos no interior das bacias hidrográficas possam ser gerenciados visando o uso sustentável dos recursos hídricos.
Museus e Ferrovias: estudo sobre a preservação do patrimônio ferroviário paulista
Authors: Oliveira Eduardo Romero de
Published: September 2018

Este artigo apresenta três exemplos de museus industriais ferroviários do Estado de São Paulo (Brasil), seus acervos e ações de preservação efetuadas nos últimos anos. Estas instituições têm sido objeto de nossa pesquisa atual: o Museu da Companhia Paulista, o Centro de Documentação da RFFSA/Bauru e o Museu Ferroviário de Sorocaba. Todos estes museus estão em velhas áreas de atividades ferroviárias, com diferentes problemas de preservação (das instalações, coleções, visitação). Nosso objetivo é expor, por um lado, o estado atual do patrimônio ferroviário que veio a compor o acervo destes museus; de outro lado, compreender a natureza das ações de política cultural nestas cidades e as características dos museus nelas estabelecidas. Em termos metodológicos, realizamos uma pesquisa histórica sobre a criação do museu; entrevistamos os responsáveis pelas instituições, em relação a projetos e objetivos dos museus, das propostas expositivas e atividades educativas.
Ferrovia e trabalho: o caso do patrimônio ferroviário paulista
Authors: Zambello Marco Henrique
Published: September 2018

Este artigo apresenta o processo de unificação e privatização das estradas de ferro paulista, a partirda configuração das relações de trabalho estabelecidas nos anos 1970. Por meio do relato de um antigo ferroviário é possível compreender as razões da decadência ferroviária, que vão além da mera concorrência rodoviária. Se no passado as ferrovias significavam progresso e eram grandes empregadoras de trabalhadores, hoje representam abandono. Assim como prédios de oficinas, estações, moradias operárias, o sentido do patrimônio ferroviário está ligado à história do trabalho na ferrovia. A privatização subtraiu os elementos que reproduziam a identidade ferroviária.
Paranapiacaba: um caso de preservação sustentável da paisagem cultural
Authors: Figueiredo Vanessa Gayego Bello
Published: September 2018

O trabalho apresenta a experiência de preservação sustentável da paisagem cultural de Paranapiacaba por meio da gestão municipal descentralizada desenvolvida pela prefeitura de Santo André entre 2001 e 2008. A partir da criação da Subprefeitura de Paranapiacaba e Pq. Andreense viabilizou-se a integração entre as políticas de preservação do patrimônio cultural, conservação ambiental, turismo sustentável, desenvolvimento social, planejamento urbano e participação cidadã necessárias à promoção do desenvolvimento local com sustentabilidade. Paranapiacaba, que na linguagem indígena significa “local de onde se vê o mar”, conserva um significativo acervo tecnológico ligado a ferrovia e testemunhos de um padrão arquitetônico e urbanístico bastante avançados para sua época. Esta vila ferroviária se desenvolveu a partir de 1860 com a implantação da primeira ferrovia paulista construída pela companhia inglesa São Paulo Railway para escoar a produção cafeeira de São Paulo ao mercado internacional. Em 1946, a ferrovia e todo seu patrimônio foram incorporados ao Governo Federal. Em 1987, teve seu patrimônio reconhecido e tombado pelo CONDEPHAAT, em 2002 pelo IPHAN e em 2003 pelo órgão municipal, o COMDEPHAAPASA. A Vila está inserida na região da Mata Atlântica e em 1994 a UNESCO reconheceu a importância de sua biodiversidade e ecossistemas através da criação da Reserva da Biosfera do Cinturão Verde de São Paulo. Em 2008 a paisagem cultural de Paranapiacaba tornou-se o primeiro patrimônio industrial ferroviário brasileiro e também primeiro patrimônio cultural paulista a compor a lista indicativa do IPHAN ao título de Patrimônio da Humanidade da UNESCO.
Paisaje Cultural Cafetero en Colombia: reflexiones desde Cartagena de Indias, Jaguariúna, París y Barcelona
Authors: Sabaté Bel Joaquín
Published: September 2018

La UNESCO acaba de reconocer el Paisaje Cultural Cafetero como Patrimonio de la Humanidad. He venido siguiendo con interés los preparativos a lo largo de mucho tiempo, y particularmente en los dos últimos años y creo que las reflexiones y proyectos que se han venido desarrollando tienen un especial interés. Se propone poner en valor los recursos que atesora este territorio, a través de diversas intervenciones siempre orientadas a impulsar el desarrollo local, la mejora de la educación y calidad de vida de sus habitantes. Ese compromiso parte del respeto al territorio, a partir de cuidadas intervenciones, a convertirlo en un lugar donde se pueda vivir con dignidad. Es precisamente en ese sentido que cabe saludarlo como un proyecto ilusionante, consensuado y compartido hacia el que avanzar.
Hubungan antara Pengetahuan dan Pendidikan Ibu dengan Pemberian ASI Eksklusif di Desa Kedungrejo Kecamatan Waru Kabupaten Sidoarjo
Authors: Pitaloka Diah Ayu , Abrory Rumaidhil , Pramita Ayu Deni
Published: September 2018

Background:Exclusive breastfeeding is a breastfeeding exclusively without any food or other additional beverages starting from newborns to 6 months old baby. Data from Indonesia Health Profile of 2014 states that infants receiving Exclusive Breast Milk in Indonesia only reach 41.67%. Objectives: To analyze the relationship between maternal knowledge, education, and exclusive breastfeeding among mothers in the village of Kedung Rejo, Waru Sub-district, Sidoarjo District.Methods: This research was descriptive analytic study using cross sectional design. The population of this study was mothers who has infants aged 6-12 months in Kedungrejo Village Waru Sub-district Sidoarjo District. Sample was selected using simple random sampling technique involving 31 people. Data analysis was tested using Fisher's exact test.Results:The results showed that the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in Kedungrejo Village, Waru Sub-district was 29%. The results of tests using Fisher's Exact showed that mother's knowledge and education were not related to exclusive breastfeeding in infants aged 6-12 months.Conclusion: There was no significant association between maternal knowledge, education and exclusive breastfeeding practices among mothers.ABSTRAKLatar Belakang:ASI Eksklusif adalah memberi Air Susu Ibu secara Ekslusif tanpa ada makanan atau minuman tambahan lainnya yang mulai dilakukan saat bayi baru lahir sampai bayi berumur 6 bulan. Data dari Profil Kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2014 menyatakan bahwa bayi yang menerima ASI Eksklusif di Indonesia hanya sebesar 41,67%.Tujuan: Mengetahui pengetahuan ibu dan pendidikan ibu hubungannya dengan pemberian ASI Eksklusif di desa Kedung rejo, Kecamatan Waru, Kabupaten Sidoarjo.Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif analitik menggunakan desain cross sectional. Populasi penelitian ini merupakan ibu yang memiliki bayi usia 6-12 bulan di Desa Kedungrejo Kecamatan Waru Kabupaten Sidoarjo  yang dipilih secara simple random sampling  sebanyak  31 orang. Data kemudian dikumpulkan dan diuji dengan menggunakan uji Fisher’s Excact.Hasil: Hasil menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi pemberian ASI Ekslusif di Desa Kedungrejo Kecamatan Waru Kabupaten  yaitu hanya 29%. Hasil uji dengan menggunakan Fisher’s Exact menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan dan pendidikan ibu tidak berhubungan terhadap pemberian ASI Ekslusif pada bayi usia 6-12 bulan.Kesimpulan:Tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan ibu, pendidikan dan praktik pemberian ASI eksklusif di kalangan ibu.
Self-Efficacy and the Competency of Nursing Students Toward the Implementation of Evidence-Based Practice
Authors: Herliani Yusshy Kurnia , Harun Hasniatisari , Setyawati Anita , Ibrahim Kusman
Published: September 2018

Introduction: Professional nurses should have adequate competency in order to apply Evidence Based Practice (EBP) in their nursing care. However, many nurses provide nursing care based on traditions, habits and personal experience. Less confidence in the feeling of nurses about their competency when employing EBP could inhibit successful EBP implementation in nursing care. Therefore, introducing and applying EBP during clinical placements in the Ners program is essential to form a professional attitude and to provide a basic level of experience when applying EBP in patient care. However, the self-efficacy and competence of the students when applying EBP has not yet been evaluated properly and there is little known about the nursing students’ competences and self-efficacy toward EBP implementation during clinical practice. Thus, the study aims to describe the self-efficacy and competency of nursing students toward the implementation of EBP, while also investigating the relationship between self-efficacy and the competency of nursing students in the implementation of EBP.Methods: This descriptive correlational study involved 120 nursing students who were actively registered on the Ners program 2016/2017. The data was collected by using the self-reporting Evidence-Based Practice Questionnaire (EBPQ), which was then analysed descriptively and inferentially using statistics.Results: The results of this study revealed that more than half (55%) of the participants had a high score of self-efficacy and almost half (49%) were categorised as having a high competence when implementing EBP. The self-efficacy score was significantly correlated to the score of competency (r = 0.607, p < 0.01).Conclusion: This study recommends that the development of the students’ competence in implementing EBP is essential to promote self-efficacy when applying EBP, and vice versa.
The Effectiveness of Spiritual Emotional Breathing Towards Respiratory Function and Immune Response of Tuberculosis Patients
Authors: Kusnanto Kusnanto , Haryanto Joni , Sukartini Tintin , Ulfiana Elida , Putra Made Mahaguna
Published: September 2018

Introduction: Tuberculosis is one cause of infectious death worldwide. In relation to the healing of pulmonary tuberculosis in Indonesia, there are still certain areas where the cure rate is still low. This study aims to identify the effect of spiritual emotional breathing (SEB) on the quality of respiratory function and the modulation of immune response in tuberculosis patients.Methods: The study used a quasi-experimental design with two groups of pre-post-test design. The population was 34 patients with tuberculosis in East Perak’s primary health care. The independent variable was SEB (spiritual emotional breathing). The dependent variables were peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), pulse, oxygen saturation, breath frequency, breath sound, stiffness complaints, human IL-2, human cortisol, IgG.Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference in PEFR, pulse, oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, respiratory sound, stiffness, human IL-2, human cortisol, IgG.Conclusion: SEB can improve the quality of respiratory function and the modulation of immune response in tuberculosis patients. The emotional spiritual approach is part of the science of energy psychology that aims to turn the negative energy in a person into positive energy that can help the healing process. This therapy is performed as a complementary therapy for TB patients to improve their quality of life and the control of symptoms
The New Generation from Biomembrane with Green Technologies for Wastewater Treatment
Authors: El-hadi Ahmed M. , Alamri Hatem R.
Published: September 2018

Water pollution in developing countries affects the public health of humans and the environment. It is therefore essential to develop environmentally friendly biopolymer, sustainable and low-cost membranes. Biopolymer nanofiber membranes are made by an electrospinning process of polylactic acid (PLLA) with additives. The main objective of this study is to manufacture biodegradable nanofiber membranes for use in filtering the suspended elements in wastewater at the level of drinkable or in agricultural fields. It is known that PLLA is brittle and therefore it is difficult to apply in industry. To solve this problem and enhance its flexibility. Flexible biopolymer polypropylene carbonate (PPC) and plasticizer are the addition in PLLA to reduce its glass transition and enhance its crystallization by adding Poly(3-hydroxy butyrate) PHB. In this work, 20 wt% of PPC was added to PLLA matrix to improve its elasticity and elongation at break. DSC shows that the addition of PPC, PHB, and TEC did affect the thermal properties like Tg, Tcc and Tm of the PLLA blends. The position of the Tg, Tcc, and Tm is shifting, the consequence the chain mobility is increased, therefore the crystallinity is enhanced. Electrospun fibers of PLLA/PPC/PHB/TEC were successfully manufactured. Tensile tester showed the increase in elongation at break of PLLA blend films, the elongation at break increases by 285 times. It observed with the increasing the elongation at break, a decrease in stress strength. After improving the mechanical properties with the higher elongation at break values, this blend is optimal for filtrations process.
Driving Forces of Forest Landscape Change in Ślęża Landscape Park (Southwestern Poland) in Period 1883-2013
Authors: Krajewski Piotr , Solecka Iga , Mrozik Karol
Published: September 2018

Abstract: Changes in forest landscapes have been connected with human activity for centuries, which can be considered as one of the main driving forces of change in the global perspective. The spatial distribution of forests changes along with the geopolitical situation, demographic changes, intensification of agriculture, urbanization or changes in the land use policy. However, due to the limited availability of historical data, the driving forces of changes in forest landscapes are most often considered in relation to recent decades, without taking into account long-term analyzes. The aim of this paper is to determine the impact of natural and socio-economic factors on changes in forest landscapes within the protected area – Ślęża Landscape Park and its buffer zone in the aspect of long-term analyzes covering the period of 140 years (1883-2013). The comparison of historical and current maps, demographic data on 4 different periods as well as natural and location factors by using the ArcGIS software allowed analyzing selected driving forces of forest landscape transformations. We took into account natural factors like altitude, slope, exposure of the hillside and socio-economic drivers like population changes, distances to centers of municipalities, main roads and built-up areas.
Numerical study for fractional model of nonlinear predator-prey biological population dynamic system
Authors: Singh Jagdev , Kilicman Adem , Kumar Devendra , Swroop Ram
Published: September 2018

The key objective of the present paper is to propose a numerical scheme based on the homotopy analysis transform technique to analyze the time-fractional nonlinear predator-prey population model. The population model is coupled fractional order nonlinear partial differential equations often employed to narrate the dynamics of biological systems in which two species interact, first is a predator and the second is a prey. The proposed scheme provides the series solution with great freedom and flexibility by choosing appropriate parameters. The convergence of results is free from small or large parameters. Three examples are discussed to demonstrate the correctness and efficiency of the used computational approach.
Potential Relevance of Altered Muscle Activity and Fatigue in the Development of Performance-Related Musculoskeletal Injuries in High String Musicians
Authors: Möller Dirk , Ballenberger Nikolaus , Ackermann Bronwen , Zalpour Christoff
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND: Muscle fatigue seems to be a risk factor in the development of performance-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs) in musicians, but it is unclear how muscle activity characteristics change between musicians with and without PRMDs over a prolonged playing period. PURPOSE:
To investigate muscle activity patterns in muscles of the arms, shoulder, and back of high string musicians during prolonged performance. METHODS: Fifteen professional or university high string musicians were divided into PRMD and non-PRMD groups. All musicians played a chromatic scale, then
an individual “heavy” piece for 1 hr, and finally the chromatic scale again. Surface electromyography (sEMG) data were recorded from 16 muscles of the arm, shoulder, and trunk on both sides of the body. Two parameters were analyzed: the percentage load in relation to the respective
maximum force during the chromatic scale, and the low-frequency spectrum to determine the fatigue behavior of muscles during the 1-hr play. RESULTS: Changes in muscle activation patterns were observed at the beginning and end of the trial duration; however, these varied depending on whether
musicians had PRMDs or no PRMDs. In addition, low-frequency spectrum changes were observed after 1 hr of playing in the PRMD musicians, consistent with signs of muscular fatigue. CONCLUSION: Differences in muscle activity appear between high string musicians with and without PRMDs as well
as altered frequency spectrum shifts, suggesting possible differential muscle fatigue effects between the groups. The applied sEMG analysis proved a suitable tool for detailed analysis of muscle activation characteristics over prolonged playing periods for musicians with and without PRMDs.
Do the Natural Chemical Compounds Interact with the Same Targets of Current Pharmacotherapy for Weight Management?-A Review
Authors: Luo Shiqi , Lenon George Binh , Gill Harsharn , Yuen Heidi , Yang Angela Wei Hong , Hung Andrew , Nguyen Linh Toan
Published: September 2018

Background:

Obesity has become a worldwide health concern. Pharmacotherapies are now
being introduced because lifestyle modifications alone are insufficient for weight management. The
treatment outcomes of current approved anti-obesity agents are not satisfying due to drug-related intolerances.
And so natural therapies including herbal medicines are popular alternatives for weight reduction;
however, there are limited studies about their mechanism of actions.

Methods:

Five databases (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Proquest) were searched
to investigate the targets and safety profiles of the current and past anti-obesity drugs that have been
approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or the European Medicines Agency (EMA) as
well as the commonly used off-label agents. The targets for weight-loss natural products and their
principle bioactive components have also been searched. Only articles in English were included.

Results:

The targets for current anti-obesity single agents include pancreatic lipase, Glucagon Like
Peptide-1(GLP-1) receptor, and serotonin 2C (5-HT2C) receptor. Potential targets such as amylin, pancreatic
alpha amylase, leptin receptor, melanocortin receptor 4 receptor (MC4R), Peroxisome Proliferator-
Activated Receptors gamma (PPAR γ), endocannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor and Adenosine
Monophosphate (AMP)-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) were discussed in various studies. Natural
compounds have been found to interact with targets like pancreatic lipase, pancreatic alpha amylase,
AMPK and PPAR γ to achieve weight reduction.

Conclusion:

Current pharmacotherapies and natural chemical compounds do act on same targets. Further
investigations on the interactions between herbal compounds and the above targets are essential
for the development of novel weight-loss therapies.
Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering in Medical Practice: Ethical and Regulatory Policies
Authors: Sharma Rakesh
Published: September 2018

Stem Cell Research and Tissue Engineering, in present time, have emerged as a legalized
and regulated stem cell treatment option globally, but scientifically, their success is unestablished.
Novel stem cell-based therapies have evolved as innovative and routine clinical solutions by commercial
companies and hospitals across the world. Such rampant spread of stem cell clinics throughout
UK, US, Europe and Asia reflect the public encouragement of benefits to incurable diseases. However,
ever growing stem cell therapy developments need constant dogwatch and careful policy making
by government regulatory bodies for prompt action in case of any untoward public concern. Therefore,
researchers and physicians must keep themselves abreast of current knowledge on stem cells, tissue
engineering devices in treatment and its safe legal limits. With this aim, stem cell scienctific developments,
treatment options and legal scenario are introduced here to beginner or actively inolved scientists
and physicians. Introduction to stem cell therapy will provide basic information to beginner researchers
and practice physicians on engineered stem cell research concepts and present stem cell
therapy federal regulations in different North American, European and Asian countries. FDA, CDC,
EU, ICMR government policies in different countries include information on the current legal position,
ethical policies, regulatory oversight and relevant laws.
The Occurrence of Nosocomial Pathogens on Cell Phones of Healthcare Workers in an Iranian Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Khashei Reza , Ebrahim-Saraie Hadi Sedigh , Hadadi Mahtab , Ghayem Maysa , Shahraki Hadi Raeisi
Published: September 2018

Background:

Cell phones have become one of the necessary means of life and they are commonly used almost everywhere by every population. Colonized microorganisms on cell phones can be easily cross-transmitted. Given the widespread prevalence of nosocomial infections, this study aimed to determine the frequency of bacterial contamination and antibiotic resistance in cell phones of healthcare workers (HCWs) in a tertiary care hospital, from southwest of Iran.

:

In this cross-sectional study conducted between April and June 2016, sampling were performed from cell phones of 25 nurses and 75 medical students.

Methods:

Samples were collected from each cell phone by a moistened cotton swap dipped in normal saline prior and after decontamination with available alcohol-based handrubs. Identification of bacterial isolates was performed by conventional microbiologic methods. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates was determined using the disk diffusion method.

:

The contamination rates of cell phones prior and after disinfection were 88% and 52%, respectively. Ninety-nine (71.2%) out of 139 isolated distinct bacterial colonies prior to cleaning were potentially nosocomial pathogens. Of them, staphylococci (88.9%) were the most prevalent bacteria, in which 40.9% were methicillin-resistant isolates. The majority of Gram-positive and - negative isolates were susceptible to the tested antimicrobials. Totally, contamination rate of cell phones was significantly reduced after decontamination. Regular disinfection of the hands and cell phones was significantly associated with reduction of colonization of the methicillin-resistant isolates.

Result & Conclusion:

These findings emphasize the restricted use of cell phones and encourage the higher compliance with hygienic practices in hospitals to reduce the risk of nosocomial infections.
Understanding public opinion to the introduction of Minimum Unit Pricing in Scotland: a qualitative study using Twitter. (Preprint)
Authors: Astill Wright Laurence , Golder Su , Balkham Adam , McCambridge Jim
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND

On 1st May 2018 Minimum Unit Pricing (MUP) of alcohol was introduced in Scotland to reduce the health, social and economic consequences of greater alcohol consumption when compared to the rest of the UK.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to assess responses to the policy implementation in comments made on Twitter.

METHODS

All tweets relating to MUP were captured during the two weeks after the introduction of the policy. These tweets were assessed using a mixture of human and machine coding for relevance, sentiment and source. A thematic analysis was conducted.

RESULTS

74,639 tweets were collected over 14 days. Study findings demonstrate that opinion on the introduction of MUP in Scotland is divided, as far as is discernible on twitter, with a slightly higher proportion of positive posts, particularly in Scotland itself. Furthermore, 55% of positive tweets/retweets were originally made by health or alcohol policy-related individuals or organisations. Thematic analysis of tweets showed some evidence of misunderstanding around policy issues.

CONCLUSIONS

It is possible to appreciate the divided nature of public opinion on the introduction of MUP in Scotland using twitter, the nature of the sentiment around it, and key actors involved, and it will be possible to later study how this changes when the policy becomes more established.
Análisis estadístico de los índices de reprobación en el área biológica de la Facultad de Química, UNAM, en el periodo 1978-1987
Authors: García Oliva Felipe , Pastelín P. Rodolfo , Oliva G. Magdalena , Lastra A. María Dolores
Published: September 2018

La evaluación constituye uno de los aspectos de importancia fundamental en el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje...
La industria de los edulcorantes
Authors: López Munguía Canales Agustín
Published: September 2018

El sabor dulce es, sin lugar a dudas, el más atractivo de los sabores para el hombre. Probablemente haya sido en el pasado un indicativo para la selección de alimentos seguros. Hoy, los edulcorantes constituyen un importante sector de la industria alimentaria, en el que se han efectuado numerosos desarrollos tecnológicos (principalmente de naturaleza biológica) que lo han revolucionado, tanto por sus implicaciones económicas, como por las que tienen sobre diversos aspectos de la salud.
A pesar de qué me decidí a estudiar una carrera del área química
Authors: Landeros Urbina Miguel Ángel
Published: September 2018

A pesar de que mi formación en las ciencias básicas no ha sido la más idónea y aunque en los niveles de educación media y básica pocos profesores se preocupan por inculcar en sus alumnos el interés...
Cantidad de sustancia: una ilustración experimental
Authors: Bartet P. Daniel , Espinoza G. Olga
Published: September 2018

El aprendizaje significativo de cantidad de sustancia y su unidad el mol es uno de los contenidos de los programas de química que más dificultades provoca entre los estudiantes de enseñanza media. La bibliografía didáctica sobre esta temática es pródiga en analogías y en experiencias de cátedra, destinadas a facilitar la comprensión de estos conceptos abstractos (Kieffer, 1963; Arce de Sanabia, 1993; Johns, 1993, entre otros).
De qué están hechos los genios
Authors: Arce Medina Enrique
Published: September 2018

La mayoría de los hombres y mujeres que han sobresalido en alguna disciplina, ya sean las artes o las ciencias, se distinguen por un rasgo que los coloca en una clase aparte: la de los genios. Y es sin duda la creatividad el rasgo que mejor los identifica
Diseño y desarrollo de la prueba experimental en las Olimpiadas Chilenas de Química
Authors: Bartet P. Daniel , Balocchi Emilio , Von Marttens Hernan , Martínez Martínez Manuel , Meruane Teodoro
Published: September 2018

La Olimpíada Chilena de Química (OChQ) es una competencia nacional dirigida a todos los alumnos de 2°, 3° y 4° años de Educación Media (equivalente a los grados 10, 11 y 12 de otros países), invitados a demostrar sus conocimientos y destrezas en la disciplina (Vargas et al., 1994). Sus objetivos inmediatos son incentivar a los estudiantes hacia el estudio de la química
Futuras directrices en la educación de la ingeniería química
Authors: Wei James
Published: September 2018

Estamos viviendo un tiempo extraordinario de cambio, tanto por el crecimiento explosivo de nuevas oportunidades como también por la reestructuración de industrias antiguas. ¿Cómo debemos educar a nuestros estudiantes de modo que sean capaces de resolver los problemas más importantes del mañana?
Reflexiones sobre el emecanismo de evaluación y retroalimentación del aprendizaje, en la enseñanza de la Ingeniería Química
Authors: Anaya Durand Alejandro
Published: September 2018

Tradicionalmente, se ha adoptado el mecanismo de asignar a los alumnos CALIFICACIONES, como resultado de diversas evaluaciones y exámenes que durante su carrera deben presentar y que serían, supuestamente, un reflejo del resultado de su aprendizaje, de su calidad como estudiantes y una medida de su desempeño. Sin embargo, dicho establecimiento de calificaciones numéricas dentro de un intervalo mínimo y máximo (vg. cero y diez) para cuantificar el número de respuestas correctas sobre un máximo alcanzable de éstas, sería quiza más bien aplicable para la evaluación de cierto tipo de conocimientos muy concretos, perfectamente definidos y de respuesta única.
Indicadores de PH obtenidos de flores y hortalizas
Authors: Obaya Valdivia Adolfo , Mena García Marcela , García Barrera Rafael
Published: September 2018

Las antocianinas son pigmentos solubles en agua que se encuentran formando parte de algunos órganos de plantas que generalmente presentan color violeta o naranja. Estos pigmentos son glucósidos (Brouillard y Markakis, 1982) y dan color a las plantas, por lo que se localizan principalmente en la cáscara de las frutas como las manzanas, las peras, etcétera. En la mayoría de las frutas, las antocianinas se acumulan en las vacuolas de los tejidos epidérmicos y sub-epidérmicos.