bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of endotracheal stenting in patients with locally advanced thyroid cancer
Authors: Schuster‐Bruce James , Sargent Pippa , Madden Brendan , Ofo Enyinnaya , Allin David
Published: February 2022

Objective

Locally aggressive thyroid cancer can result in airway obstruction secondary to tracheal compression or vocal cord palsy. A tracheal stent provides an alternative to surgical resection, tracheostomy or conservative management in patients with compressive symptoms. This systematic review synthesises the current evidence associated with tracheal stenting in locally advanced thyroid cancer.

Design, setting and participants

We conducted a systematic review of tracheal stenting in locally advanced thyroid cancers. We searched MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science for studies until 22 September 2020. Inclusion criteria were studies involving patients who had received tracheal stents to treat laryngotracheal stenosis secondary to locally advanced thyroid cancer. Single case reports or single cases were not included.

Main outcome measures

We assessed studies for data on the performance of tracheal stenting; defined as symptomatic relief, spirometry data, complication rates and mortality. We also extracted data pertaining to the use of different types of stent.

Results

We identified eight full‐text articles from 325 titles found in our search. These were all single‐centre retrospective studies that lacked homogeneity of thyroid cancer histotypes. The number of patients in each study ranged from 4 to 35 patients. Stenting improved performance status (two of two studies), symptoms (five of five studies) and spirometry (two of three studies). The most common complications were tracheal granulation, tumour overgrowth, stent migration and sputum retention.

Conclusion

There is a lack of evidence in the literature of tracheal stents in locally advanced thyroid cancer. However, the evidence available suggests tracheal stenting may be a useful treatment adjunct in advanced thyroid cancer‐causing symptomatic airway obstruction.
“Drinking from Our Own Wells”: Tongshik Ryu's P'ungryu Christian identity
Authors: Kaunda Chammah J.
Published: February 2022

This article is written in honor of Tongshik Ryu (Tong‐sik Yu), a thinker who has greatly contributed and influenced the shaping of Korean indigenous theology. It takes an appreciative historical reconstruction of his Korean cultural theology of P'ungryudo. It argues that to fully appreciate and understand Ryu, we must give attention to his personal experiences and the cultural crisis of his time. Ryu was born and raised in the context of Japanese colonization in which Korean cultural identity was mutilated and was in constant danger of being obliterated. He deployed P'ungryu as a cultural framework to make sense of how Christianity which was becoming a dominant religion could be entrenched within the Korean cultural system. By appealing to the P'ungryu cultural system, Ryu unquestionably demonstrated that Korean people would become authentic Koreans by achieving recovery of their cultural identity and out of it reconstruct themselves for the contemporary situation and participate adequately in the universal task of humanity's continuous creation of “the one planetary beautiful life.”
John Blundell's cricket blueprint revisited
Authors: Stevens Andy
Published: February 2022

More than 35 years ago, in the infancy of the globalisation and professionalisation of sport, John Blundell1 published a blueprint for cricket in England and Wales in this journal. His proposals, aimed at giving market forces a greater role, related to player eligibility regulations, the admission of new teams, changing cricket formats and the creation of special games and tours. Most of these proposals were subsequently adopted by the sport's administrators. The consequent benefits derived by the sport, its teams, fans and players have, however, been mixed, and the effects are confounded by the number of changes made and the complex and dynamic nature of the competitive environment.
Review of the role of sterile insect technique within biologically‐based pest control – An appraisal of existing regulatory frameworks
Authors: Kapranas Apostolos , Collatz Jana , Michaelakis Antonios , Milonas Panagiotis
Published: February 2022

Sterile insect technique (SIT) is increasingly sought after as a sustainable insect control technique. Originally, SIT pursued the eradication of a target population and was used in governmental/public area‐wide integrated pest management (IPM) programs. However, it nowadays is used more often as a population suppression method. Therefore, this technique also receives growing interest from commercial insect producers. Given the increased adoption of the SIT as a pest control tool and the differences between countries in regulating the mass‐rearing, importation, and release of live organisms, some common rules might eventually be requested for the use of sterile insects in pest control. In this article, we review and examine the definition of sterile insects, the risks that may arise from their use, and the assurance of production quality and efficacy. Finally, we investigate how sterile insects compare to biological control agents, which are another type of insects deliberately released into the environment. We conclude that SIT based on insect irradiation can be used safely and that existing regulatory frameworks are sufficient to develop pragmatic registration procedures where those are needed.
Quantitative magnetic resonance neurographic characterization of peripheral nerve involvement in manifest and pre‐ataxic spinocerebellar ataxia type 3
Authors: Kollmer Jennifer , Weiler Markus , Sam Georges , Faber Jennifer , Hayes John M. , Heiland Sabine , Bendszus Martin , Wick Wolfgang , Jacobi Heike
Published: February 2022

Background and purpose

Knowledge about the exact underlying pathophysiological changes involved in the genesis and progression of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is limited. Lower extremity peripheral nerve lesions in clinically, genetically and electrophysiologically classified ataxic and pre‐ataxic SCA3 mutation carriers were characterized and quantified by magnetic resonance neurography (MRN).

Methods

Eighteen SCA3 mutation carriers and 20 age‐/sex‐matched healthy controls were prospectively enrolled. All SCA3 mutation carriers underwent detailed neurological and electrophysiological examinations. 3 T MRN covered the lumbosacral plexus and proximal thigh to the tibiotalar joint by using T2‐weighted inversion recovery sequences, dual‐echo relaxometry sequences with spectral fat saturation, and two gradient‐echo sequences with and without an off‐resonance saturation rapid frequency pulse. Detailed quantification of nerve lesions by morphometric and microstructural MRN markers, including T2 relaxometry and magnetization transfer contrast imaging, was conducted in all study participants.

Results

MRN detected peripheral nerve damage in ataxic and pre‐ataxic SCA3. The quantitative markers proton spin density (ρ), T2 relaxation time, magnetization transfer ratio and cross‐sectional area were decreased in SCA3, indicating chronic axonopathy. MTR and ρ identified early, subclinical nerve damage in pre‐ataxic SCA3 and in SCA3 mutation carriers without polyneuropathy and were superior in differentiating between all subgroups. Additionally, microstructural markers correlated well with clinical symptom scores and electrophysiological results.

Conclusions

Our data provide a comprehensive characterization of peripheral nerve damage in SCA3 and assist in understanding the mechanisms of the multisystemic disease evolution. Evidence of peripheral nerve involvement prior to the onset of clinically overt ataxia might have important implications for designing early intervention studies.
A novel approach for the detection of anomalous energy consumption patterns in industrial cyber‐physical systems
Authors: Mendia Izaskun , Gil‐Lopez Sergio , Grau Iñaki , Del Ser Javier
Published: February 2022

Most scenarios emerging from the Industry 4.0 paradigm rely on the concept of cyber‐physical production systems (CPPS), which allow them to synergistically connect physical to digital setups so as to integrate them over all stages of product development. Unfortunately, endowing CPPS with AI‐based functionalities poses its own challenges: although advances in the performance of AI models keep blossoming in the community, their penetration in real‐world industrial solutions has not so far developed at the same pace. Currently, 90% of AI‐based models never reach production due to a manifold of assorted reasons not only related to complexity and performance: decisions issued by AI‐based systems must be explained, understood and trusted by their end users. This study elaborates on a novel tool designed to characterize, in a non‐supervised, human‐understandable fashion, the nominal performance of a factory in terms of production and energy consumption. The traceability and analysis of energy consumption data traces and the monitoring of the factory's production permit to detect anomalies and inefficiencies in the working regime of the overall factory. By virtue of the transparency of the detection process, the proposed approach elicits understandable information about the root cause from the perspective of the production line, process and/or machine that generates the identified inefficiency. This methodology allows for the identification of the machines and/or processes that cause energy inefficiencies in the manufacturing system, and enables significant energy consumption savings by acting on these elements. We assess the performance of our designed method over a real‐world case study from the automotive sector, comparing it to an extensive benchmark comprising state‐of‐the‐art unsupervised and semi‐supervised anomaly detection algorithms, from classical algorithms to modern generative neural counterparts. The superior quantitative results attained by our proposal complements its better interpretability with respect to the rest of algorithms in the comparison, which emphasizes the utmost relevance of considering the available domain knowledge and the target audience when design AI‐based industrial solutions of practical value. Finally, the work described in this paper has been successfully deployed on a large scale in several industrial factories with significant international projection.
The Tell me tool: The development and feasibility of a tool for person‐centred infertility care
Authors: Verkerk Eva W. , Rake Ester A. , Braat Didi D. M. , Nelen Willianne L. D. M. , Aarts Johanna W. M. , Kremer Jan A. M.
Published: February 2022

Background

An important—and often missing—element of person‐centred care is the inclusion of individual patients' values and preferences. This is challenging but especially important for high‐burden fertility treatments. We describe the development of a clinical tool that aims to facilitate the delivery of person‐centred fertility care by giving insight into the patients' values and preferences.

Methods

We developed the Tell me tool following the three principles of user‐centred design: (1) early and continual focus on users; (2) iterative design; (3) measurement of user behaviour. Accordingly, our methods consisted of three phases: (1) conducting semi‐structured interviews with 18 couples undergoing fertility treatment, followed by a consensus meeting with relevant stakeholders; (2) performing seven iterative improvement rounds; (3) testing the feasibility of the tool in 10 couples.

Results

The Tell me tool consists of a ranking assignment of 13 themes and two open‐ended questions. These themes relate to the couples' wellbeing and experience of the treatment, such as mental health and shared decision making. The open‐ended questions ask them to write down what matters most to them. The field test showed variation between the individual patients' answers. The tool proved to highlight what is important to the individual patient and gives insight into patients' personal contexts.

Conclusions

We developed a tool that gives insight into the values and preferences of the individual patient. The tool seems feasible for facilitating person‐centred fertility care.

Patient or Public Contribution

The tool was developed with a user‐centred design that strongly involved patients.
A systematic review on the lipid composition of human hair
Authors: Csuka David A. , Csuka Ella A. , Juhász Margit L. W. , Sharma Ajay N. , Mesinkovska Natasha A.
Published: February 2022

Hair lipid composition varies by ethnic hair type and by hair layer. Lipids in the cuticle, cortex, and medulla of the hair shaft provide a protective barrier to environmental and chemical damage, prevent hair breakage and desorption, and affect the elastic and tensile properties of hair. The aim of this systematic review is to provide an overview of the lipid composition and ethnic differences of human hair, effects of external damage on lipid content and properties, and changes in hair lipid composition associated with disease states. PubMed/MEDLINE was searched up to March 2021 according to PRISMA guidelines for articles discussing the lipid content of human hair and effects of physical, chemical, or environmental damage, and disease. Fifty‐nine articles investigating the lipid content of hair were included for review. Lipids affect fluid permeability, hydration, strength, and texture of ethnic hair fibers. Lipid loss is accelerated by hair‐damaging treatments such as bleach, dye, perm, straightening, and surfactant use, and sun and aging processes, leading to dehydrated, breakable, disordered, and dull hair. Diseases including acne, alopecia, and breast, gastric, prostate, lung, and rectal cancers display elevated hair lipid levels. Lipids are vital in protection against damage and maintenance of healthy hair. Further studies are needed to investigate the effects of lipids on the structural properties of ethnic hair, and changes in hair lipid composition with various dermatologic and systemic diseases.
Dysregulation of LINC00324 associated with methylation facilitates leukemogenesis in de novo acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Sun Guo‐kang , Xu Zi‐jun , Nan Fang‐yu , Tang Li‐juan , Yao Dong‐ming
Published: February 2022

Introduction

LINC00324 was overexpressed and facilitated carcinogenesis in various solid malignant tumors. However, the role of LINC00324 in leukemogenesis remains to be elucidated.

Methods

The relative expression and unmethylation levels of LINC00324 were detected by real‐time quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) and real‐time quantitative methylation‐specific PCR (RT‐qMSP). Cell proliferation experimental and flow cytometer (FCM) was used to detect the change of proliferation and apoptosis in leukemia cell lines after overexpression of LINC00324.

Results

The results showed that the expression of LINC00324 and the methylation level of the promoter region were significantly negatively correlated in AML patients. Moreover, patients with lower LINC00324 expression showed more prolonged overall survival (OS). Remarkably, overexpression of LINC00324 in leukemia cell lines promoted the proliferation of target cells and inhibited their apoptosis.

Conclusion

Our findings firstly identified that the hypomethylation of LINC00324 was a common molecular event in de novo AML patients. The abnormally upregulated LINC00324 promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in leukemia cells.
Effects of a mobile oral care app on oral mucositis, pain, nutritional status, and quality of life in patients with head and neck cancer: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Lin Tzu‐Hsuan , Wang Yu‐Ming , Huang Cheng‐Yi
Published: February 2022

Aim

The aim of this work is to explore the effectiveness of a mobile app to support oral mucositis care to improve the nutritional status and reduce the occurrence of oral mucositis of patients with head and neck cancer undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy.

Background

Concurrent chemoradiotherapy is the optimal treatment for head and neck cancer, but oral mucositis and malnutrition are common complications.

Design

Quasi‐experimental study using a pre‐post design was used in this work.

Method

Participants were recruited from a major regional hospital in Taiwan from July 2018 to July 2020. There were 32 participants in each group: the mobile app group (Intervention Group) or routine care (Control Group). The primary outcome measure was Patient‐Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG‐SGA). We also collected data on grade of oral mucositis, painNnumeric Rating Scale (NRS), weight loss, haemoglobin (Hb), albumin and quality of life (QoL).

Result

The PG‐SGA score was significantly lower in the intervention than the control group at all three time points. Hb and albumin decreased less significantly in the intervention than the control group after 2 months. The oral mucositis grade was significantly less severe in the intervention than the control group at all three time points; for the NRS, at T2 and T3.

Conclusion

Using the mobile app effectively improved nutritional status, alleviated the side effects, and improved the QoL of head and neck cancer patients with concurrent chemoradiotherapy.
Strategies to promote responsive bottle‐feeding in WIC predict less frequent use of food to soothe and healthier weight status for infants with negative temperaments
Authors: Ventura Alison K. , Whaley Shannon E.
Published: February 2022

Background

Infants with greater temperamental negative affectivity are at higher risk for overfeeding and excess weight gain.

Objective

To examine whether strategies to promote responsive bottle‐feeding within WIC promoted healthier maternal feeding practices and infant weight status among infants with greater negative affectivity.

Methods

Secondary analysis of data from a matched‐pair cluster randomized trial. Policy, systems and environmental change (PSE) strategies to promote responsive bottle‐feeding were implemented at three WIC clinics; these clinics were compared with three matched control clinics. Linear mixed models tested whether infant negative affectivity interacted with PSE strategies to predict feeding and weight outcomes when infants were 4–6 months old.

Results

Significant interactions between infant negative affectivity and PSE strategies were noted. Among infants with high negative affectivity, mothers in PSE clinics reported less frequent use of food to soothe (p = 0.009) compared with mothers in control clinics. Among infants with moderate (p = 0.008) or high (p = 0.029) negative affectivity, infants in PSE clinics had healthier weight status compared with infants in control clinics.

Conclusions

Promotion of responsive bottle‐feeding is an effective way to support WIC mothers and reduce risk for overfeeding and excess weight gain, particularly for mothers of infants with greater negative affectivity.
Tenascin C regulates cancer cell glycolysis and tumor progression in prostate cancer
Authors: Qian Yongri , Liu Xingzhe , Feng Ying , Li Xiaogang , Xuan Yanhua
Published: February 2022

Objectives

Tenascin C is a potential biomarker of cancer‐associated fibroblasts and has been significantly associated with poor prognosis in patients with prostate cancer. However, the effects of Tenascin C in prostate cancer cell glycolysis largely remain unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the Tenascin C expression in prostate cancer and its correlation to glycolysis‐related protein and gene expression, clinicopathological parameters, and survival of patients.

Methods

We performed immunohistochemical staining for Tenascin C in 141 cases of primary prostate cancer. Based on public data sets, we explored the association of Tenascin C with angiogenesis‐related genes, M2 macrophage‐related gene, androgen receptor levels, PI3K/AKT/NF‐κB pathway genes, and glycolytic enzyme expression. The glucose uptake, lactate production, and glycolytic enzyme levels were detected by glycolysis assay and western blotting.

Results

Our results showed that Tenascin C expression is upregulated in prostate cancer tissues compared with benign prostatic hyperplasia tissues. High Tenascin C expression in prostate cancer cells was positively associated with lymph node metastasis, advanced clinical stage, the expression of CD105, CD206, and androgen receptor levels. The Kaplan–Meier curves showed a significant association of Tenascin C expression with the patient’s overall survival. Tenascin C expression was positively associated with PI3K p85, pAKT‐ser308, and NF‐κB p65 protein expression in prostate cancer samples. Moreover, siRNA‐mediated knockdown of Tenascin C expression inhibited cell glucose uptake, lactate production, and glycolytic‐enzyme expression in prostate cancer cells in vitro.

Conclusions

Together, our findings suggest that Tenascin C is a prognostic marker for patients with prostate cancer and that its effects might be mediated via regulation of the glycolysis process of prostate cancer cells.
Persistence of Tilapia tilapinevirus in fish rearing and environmental water and its ability to infect cell line
Authors: Yamkasem Jidapa , Prasartset Tharinthon , Tattiyapong Puntanat , Sirikanchana Kwanrawee , Mongkolsuk Skorn , Soto Esteban , Surachetpong Win
Published: February 2022

Tilapia tilapinevirus, or Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV), is a RNA virus associated with mass morbidity and mortality in tilapia, leading to severe economic losses for global tilapia aquaculture. In this study, we investigated the persistence of TiLV in water by spiking sterile distilled water (SDW), freshwater collected from rearing fish tanks (FW) and natural pond water (PW) at 27°C as a representative of environmental water conditions with 0.6 ml of stock virus (3.18 × 107 viral copies/ml of water). The water samples were filtered through an electronegative charge membrane and quantified using reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR at 0, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 days post‐inoculation. The results revealed that TiLV RNA in SDW was reduced by 1.34 log10 in 14 days. A similar approximately 4 log10 removal of the virus in FW and PW was observed at 3 and 7 days, respectively. Moreover, the infectivity of TiLV was further studied; the virus lost its infectivity in E‐11 cells after 1 day in SDW, FW and PW water samples, even though the virus was spiked 10 more times than in the viral persistence study. Taken together, the results could be applied to improving biosecurity practices in tilapia farms by disinfecting or resting reservoir water for at least three to five days prior to stocking tilapia, to limit the spread of TiLV.
Money Illusion and TIPS Demand
Authors: LIOUI ABRAHAM , TARELLI ANDREA
Published: February 2022

The market demand for the Treasury Inflation‐Protected Securities (TIPS) is rather small. This is puzzling, as we show that an agent, who derives utility from real wealth and dynamically invests into multiple asset classes over a 30‐year horizon, incurs a certainty equivalent loss of 1.6% per annum from not investing in inflation‐indexed bonds. However, if the investor suffers from money illusion, the perceived loss is only 0.5% per annum. Furthermore, the perceived loss is totally negligible for an unsophisticated money‐illusioned investor ignoring the time variation of risk premia. Money illusion causes significant portfolio shifts from inflation‐indexed toward nominal bonds, with little effects on equity allocations, contributing to the low market demand for TIPS.
Chronic androgen excess in female mice does not impact luteinizing hormone pulse frequency or putative GABAergic inputs to GnRH neurons
Authors: Coyle Chris S. , Prescott Melanie , Handelsman David J , Walters Kirsty A. , Campbell Rebecca E.
Published: February 2022

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with androgen excess and, frequently, hyperactive pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. Although the origins of PCOS are unclear, evidence from pre‐clinical models implicates androgen signalling in the brain in the development of PCOS pathophysiology. Chronic exposure of female mice to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) from 3 weeks of age drives both reproductive and metabolic impairments that are ameliorated by selective androgen receptor (AR) loss from the brain. This suggests centrally driven mechanisms in hyperandrogen‐mediated PCOS‐like pathophysiology that remain to be defined. Acute prenatal DHT exposure can also model the hyperandrogenism of PCOS, and this is accompanied by increased LH pulse frequency and increased GABAergic innervation of gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. We aimed to determine the impact of chronic exposure of female mice to DHT, which models the hyperandrogenism of PCOS, on pulsatile LH secretion and putative GABAergic input to GnRH neurons. To do this, GnRH‐green fluorescent protein (GFP) female mice received either DHT or blank capsules for 90 days from postnatal day 21 (n = 6 or 7 per group). Serial tail‐tip blood sampling was used to measure LH dynamics and perfusion‐fixed brains were collected and immunolabelled for vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT) to assess putative GABAergic terminals associated with GFP‐labelled GnRH neurons. As expected, chronic DHT resulted in acyclicity and significantly increased body weight. However, no differences in LH pulse frequency or the density of VGAT appositions to GnRH neurons were identified between ovary‐intact DHT‐treated females and controls. Chronic DHT exposure significantly increased the number of AR expressing cells in the hypothalamus, whereas oestrogen receptor α‐expressing neuron number was unchanged. Therefore, although chronic DHT exposure from 3 weeks of age increases AR expressing neurons in the brain, the GnRH neuronal network changes and hyperactive LH secretion associated with prenatal androgen excess are not evident. These findings suggest that unique central mechanisms are involved in the reproductive impairments driven by exposure to androgen excess at different developmental stages.
Effectiveness of multicomponent home‐based rehabilitation in older patients after hip fracture surgery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lee Haneul , Lee Seon‐Heui
Published: February 2022

Background

Hip fracture is a major burden on health care systems worldwide and requires hospitalisation for a long period.

Objective

The aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of multicomponent home‐based rehabilitation compared with different control interventions (in‐hospital rehabilitation, active control or usual care) in older patients after hip fracture surgery.

Design

Systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled studies.

Data sources

We searched three electronic databases, including Ovid‐MEDLINE, Ovid‐Embase, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library for relevant articles up to March 2020.

Review methods

Two investigators independently extracted data and assessed study quality using the risk of bias. Data were analysed using Review Manager 5.3. The current review employs the PRISMA procedure.

Results

Out of 2996 studies, 22 articles were relevant for this review and meta‐analysis. Among them, five compared the multicomponent home‐based rehabilitation with in‐hospital rehabilitation, one compared it with active control, six with usual care and ten compared the home exercise only with usual care. There was no significant difference in activities of daily living (ADL) between multicomponent home‐based rehabilitation and in‐hospital rehabilitation, while multicomponent home‐based rehabilitation significantly increased in ADL when compared to usual care. Home exercises also had significant effects on ADL, quality of life(QoL), balance, gait and muscle strength of the knee extensor compared with usual care (p < .05).

Conclusions

Multicomponent home‐based rehabilitation is comparable to in‐hospital rehabilitation regarding improvements in muscle strength, gait speed, balance, ADL and QoL.

Relevant to clinical practice

Multicomponent home‐based rehabilitation is comparable to in‐hospital rehabilitation regarding improvements in muscle strength, gait speed, balance, ADL and QoL. Also, high adherence to home exercise may be associated with better clinical outcomes. Therefore, more compliance‐oriented multicomponent home‐based rehabilitation programmes for older patients after hip fracture must be developed by health care professionals, including physical therapist, to ensure optimum home‐based rehabilitation.
Risk stratification for early and late falls in acute care settings
Authors: Satoh Masae , Miura Takeshi , Shimada Tomoko , Hamazaki Toyoko
Published: February 2022

Background and Aims

Falling generally injures patients, lengthens hospital stays and leads to the wastage of financial and medical resources. Although falls can occur at any stage after hospital admission, there are no studies that characterise falls with length of hospital stay in acute care settings. This study aims to clarify risk stratification of early and late falls in acute care settings.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted for participants who were admitted to a teaching hospital in Japan. Patients’ falls were divided into two groups based on the median of the fall date (day 10). Considering a 70/30 split, the logistic regression model was used to extract independent predictors for early and late falls for nine risk variables based on exploratory analysis among 26 items selected from the modified Japanese Nursing Association Fall Risk Assessment Tool, and risk models were validated. This study was conducted according to the STROBE guideline.

Results

Of the 10,975 patients admitted, 87 and 90 with early and late falls, respectively, were identified. The five significant risk factors extracted for early falls were fall history, muscle weakness, impaired understanding, use of psychotropics and the personality trait of ‘doing everything on one's own’; risk factors identified for late falls were being older than 65 years, impaired extremities and unstable gait, in addition to muscle weakness. Using these variables for early and late falls in the validation cohort, the concordance indices of the risk models were both over 0.80.

Conclusions

By separately extracting risk factors for early and late falls in an acute care hospital setting, this study shed light on the characteristics of the respective types of falls.

Relevant to clinical practice

As the risk factors of falls vary according to the length of hospitalisation, specific preventive care can be implemented to avoid fall incidents.
Today's challenge may be tomorrow's hindrance (and vice versa): Longitudinal changes in employee’s appraisals of job demands and their outcomes
Authors: Li Peikai , Taris Toon W. , Peeters Maria C. W.
Published: February 2022

Researchers have long been interested in understanding how appraisals influence stressor–outcome relationships. Most studies in this area employ a variable‐centred approach, which ignores the possibility that there may be subpopulations of employees who differ in the combined use of challenge and hindrance appraisals. Building on transactional stress theory, we investigated (a) the potential existence of distinct latent appraisals profiles of job demands (i.e. time urgency, role conflict and emotional demands), (b) the outcomes associated with particular appraisal profiles and (c) the stability of these profiles over time. In a two‐wave study with a one‐year time interval (T1, N = 535, T2, N = 152) among Chinese workers, we identified three distinct appraisals profiles in both study waves (i.e. ‘positivists’, ‘negativists’ and ‘indifferent workers’). The positivists reported the highest levels of engagement, job satisfaction and the lowest levels of burnout. Interestingly, most participants appeared to change their appraisal profile over time (i.e. very often from ‘negativist’ and ‘positivist’ to ‘indifferent worker’, while they were less likely to change their appraisal profile to ‘positivist’). Furthermore, job demands influenced employees' appraisal profiles. Taken together, our results shed light on the nature of the appraisal of demands in the work context and how different employees use distinct combinations of appraisal to address their work demands.

Practitioner points

Managers should be aware that there are subgroups of employees that appraise their job demands differently: positivists, negativists and indifferent workers. Positivists tend to have higher well‐being than negativists and indifferent workers.

Employees appear to change their appraisals of job demands over time. In particular, positivists tend to become indifferent workers. It is important that organizations provide sufficient resources and support to their employees to promote high challenge appraisals.
Waxy bloom on capsules is a major determinant of early infection by gray mold (Amphobotrys ricini(N.F. Buchw.) Hennebert) in castor (Ricinus communisL.)
Authors: Ayesha Parveen Pattan , Venkata Ramana Jagarlamudi , Durga Prasad Ravulapalli , Senthilvel Senapathy , Lal Ahamed Muhammad , Greeshma Kothur , Dinesh Kumar Viswanathaswamy , Sarada Chunduri
Published: February 2022

Gray mold is a major disease of castor caused by the pathogenAmphobotrys ricini. It mainly affects the inflorescence resulting in severe yield losses. Role of qualitative characters of inflorescence (spike) and capsuleviz. spike compactness, capsule type, waxy bloom intensity on capsules (visual), capsule spine length, spine texture and spine density in predisposing castor crop to gray mold was investigated. A set of 26 castor lines differing for presence and intensity of bloom was characterized for spike and capsule characters. The lines were screened in vitro (detached spike and capsule techniques) and in vivo by raising the plants in poly house and field conditions for disease reaction. Spearman's rank correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlation (rs = >0.5;p = <0.05) between disease severity and capsule type, capsule waxy bloom, spine texture, spine length. Principal component regression analysis revealed that waxy bloom intensity is the major factor, among the evaluated, that predisposes castor lines to the fungus infection promoting disease severity. Quantification of epicuticular wax from capsules of different waxy bloom lines revealed that there was an increase in severity of infection with increase in wax quantity on capsules irrespective of nature of bloom substantiating the role of waxy bloom quantity in promoting the infection. High quantities of wax (1.50–3.00 µg/mg) were extracted from lines showing high per cent disease severity (40%–95%), and low quantities of wax (0.00–1.50 µg/mg) were extracted from lines showing low per cent disease severity (1%–40%). A disease scoring scale considering differences in waxy bloom quantity as a biochemical marker has been proposed. It may not be a replacement to phenotypic screenings but helps breeders in selecting early generation material for low disease severity when huge populations are to be screened against gray mold by choosing low waxy bloom varieties.
Does Enthusiasm for Work Lead to Typical Burnout? A Three‐Wave Panel Study with Caregivers1, 2
Authors: Igawa Junichi , Fukuzaki Toshiki , Iotake Ryosuke , Nakanishi Daisuke
Published: February 2022

Previous studies have indicated that burnout arises from excessive enthusiasm for work. However, most psychological scale items that measure burnout focus solely on symptoms, and there is little evidence to indicate whether burnout symptoms can derive from enthusiasm for work. Therefore, we conducted a three‐wave annual panel survey to assess whether scores on the Burnout Scale (BO scores), which focuses solely on symptoms, measure “typical burnout” caused by enthusiasm for work among Japanese caregivers. We used a cross‐lagged and synchronous effects model and found that enthusiasm indicators negatively predicted BO scores. This result contradicts the assumptions of typical burnout. Subsequently, we classified enthusiasm indicators and BO scores through latent rank analysis. The results showed that people with high enthusiasm had low BO scores, and vice versa, indicating that very few people have typical burnout characteristics, and that the scale focuses only on symptoms and cannot measure typical burnout. Future studies should investigate the mechanism of typical burnout to distinguish between burnout and similarly presenting diagnoses.
Renal biomarkers in cats: A review of the current status in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Kongtasai Thirawut , Paepe Dominique , Meyer Evelyne , Mortier Femke , Marynissen Sofie , Stammeleer Lisa , Defauw Pieter , Daminet Sylvie
Published: February 2022

Serum creatinine concentration, the classical biomarker of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in cats, has important limitations that decrease its value as a biomarker of early CKD. Recently, serum symmetric dimethylarginine concentration was introduced as a novel glomerular filtration rate biomarker for the early detection of CKD in cats. However, data on its specificity are still limited. The limitations of conventional biomarkers and the desire for early therapeutic intervention in cats with CKD to improve outcomes have prompted the discovery and validation of novel renal biomarkers to detect glomerular or tubular dysfunction. Changes in the serum or urinary concentrations of these biomarkers may indicate early kidney damage or predict the progression of kidney before changes in conventional biomarkers are detectable. This review summarizes current knowledge on renal biomarkers in CKD in cats, a field that has progressed substantially over the last 5 years.
A novel bactericidal small molecule, STK-35, and its derivative, STK-66, as antibacterial agents against Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria in vitro and in vivo
Authors: She Pengfei , Xu Lanlan , Liu Yaqian , Liu Shasha , Li Zehao , Li Yimin , Hussain Zubair , Wu Yong
Published: February 2022

Due to the increasing rate of antibiotic resistance and the emergence of persister cells of Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria, the development of new antibacterial agents is urgently needed to deal with this problem. Our results indicated that both newly identified small molecule STK-35 and its derivative STK-66 exhibited effective antibacterial properties against a variety of Gram-negative pathogens including Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The minimal inhibitory concentrations and minimal bactericidal concentrations ranges were 0·0625–8 μg ml−1 and 0·125–16 μg ml−1, respectively, while no haemolytic activity and mammalian cell cytotoxicity were observed. The time-killing assays showed STK-35/66 had strong bactericidal activity against Gram-negative pathogens. STK-35/66 also showed different degrees of synergistic antibacterial activity with conventional antibiotics and exhibited persister cells killing activity. Moreover, STK-35/66 effectively eradicated the pre-formed biofilms of P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii. In addition, STK-35/66 significantly increased the survival rate of E. coli infected mice and induced a decrease in bacterial load of the peritonitis model. In nutshell, these results suggested that STK-35/66 possessed antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria in vitro and in vivo, which could be considered as potential substitutes for the treatment of Gram-negative pathogenic infections after further structure optimization.
The origin of the potassium‐rich annular zones at the Bosumtwi impact structure, Ghana, investigated by field study, radiometric analysis, and first cosmogenic nuclide data
Authors: Niang Cheikh Ahmadou Bamba , Baratoux David , Rochette Pierre , Braucher Regis , Reimold Wolf Uwe , Lambert Philippe , Diallo Dinna Pathe , Regard Vincent , Carretier Sebastien , Jessell Mark W. , Faye Gayane , Koeberl Christian
Published: February 2022

The 10.5‐km‐diameter, 1 Ma Bosumtwi impact structure in Ghana is one of the youngest, large impact structures known on Earth. The preservation of the morphology of its ejecta deposits, with an annular moat and outer ridge resembling those of rampart impact craters on Mars, makes Bosumtwi a remarkable impact structure on the African continent. An airborne radiometric survey of the southwestern part of Ghana reveals enigmatic circular feature enriched in potassium, coinciding with the crater rim and an outer ejecta ridge at Bosumtwi. The goal of this study is to investigate possible origins of these features, by impact processes (shock metamorphic effects, impact‐induced hydrothermal systems) or postimpact surficial processes (erosion, weathering). The origin of these features is discussed here based on field observations, ground‐based radiometric measurements, and first cosmogenic nuclide analyses (10Be). The data indicate that the rim and outer ridge were eroded more rapidly than the rest of the impact structure. Accordingly, the downward advance of the weathering fronts in the annular moat, after ejecta emplacement, are responsible for leaching of K from the lateritic residual observed at the surface. The Bosumtwi impact structure is, therefore, a valuable natural laboratory to investigate the factors controlling erosion and weathering processes in the Ashanti belt since impact 1 Ma ago. Simulations of vertical profiles of 10Be concentration further constrain local variations of the erosion rate. In light of this study, circular K anomalies in radiometric surveys might be indicative of potential impact structures in tropical regions.
A single application of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) improves blood flow parameters in chronic wounds
Authors: Schleusser Sophie , Schulz Lysann , Song Jungin , Deichmann Henriette , Griesmann Anna‐Catharina , Stang Felix H. , Mailaender Peter , Kraemer Robert , Kleemann Markus , Kisch Tobias
Published: February 2022

Objective

To find out whether application of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) affects microcirculation in chronic wounds.

Methods

We treated 20 patients with chronic wounds on the lower extremity with CAP. Blood flow parameters of wounds were assessed with combined Laser‐Doppler‐Flowmetry and spectrophotometry in tissue depth of 2 and 6–8 mm. Parameters were assessed under standardized conditions before and over the course of 30 min after application of CAP.

Results

Deep capillary blood flow increased significantly by up to 24.33% (percentage change) after treatment with CAP and remained significantly elevated until the end of measuring period at 30 min. Superficial oxygen tissue saturation was significantly elevated by 14.05% for the first 5 min after treatment. Postcapillary venous filling pressure was significantly elevated by 10.23% 19 min after CAP and stayed significantly elevated starting from minute 24 until the end of measuring.

Conclusion

Cold atmospheric plasma increases microcirculation parameters in chronic wounds significantly. As CAP is known for its benefits in wound healing, the effects observed may explain the improved healing of chronic wounds after its use. Whether CAP‐application can increase blood flow in chronic wounds for longer periods of time or boosts blood flow when applied more than once should be subject to further research.
What is diffuse attention?
Authors: Prettyman Adrienne
Published: February 2022

This article defends a theory of diffuse attention and distinguishes it from focal attention. My view is motivated by evidence from psychology and neuroscience, which suggests that we can deploy visual selective attention in at least two ways: by focusing on a small number of items, or by diffusing attention over a group of items taken as a whole. I argue that diffuse attention is selective and can be object‐based. It enables a subject to select an object to guide behavior, albeit in a different way than focusing does.
Origen’s Johannine Trinitarian Theology of Love
Authors: Ip Pui Him
Published: February 2022

Origen is the first Christian who proposed a systematically Trinitarian theology of love. This has largely escaped the attention of theologians and remains underexplored. One notable consequence is that this has severely limited our appreciation of Origen as a significant interlocutor for contemporary theology since the Trinity as love is arguably the most significant theme that shaped the development of modern Trinitarian theology in the twentieth century. This essay addresses this lacuna by offering a reconstruction of Origen’s Trinitarian theology of love. What will emerge is a grammar of love that sets out the meaning of the term with reference to all three divine hypostaseis, Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. Furthermore, Origen’s Trinitarian understanding of love is bound up with his vision of human deification understood as incorporation into the Triune fellowship of love. At the heart of Origen’s approach is a crucial distinction from 1 John: the Father as he agapē (1 John 4:8) and the Son as he agapē ek tou theou (1 John 4:7). This distinction captures Origen’s understanding of the Father‐Son relation and emerges from close attention to the Johannine language of sonship as ek tou theou. This central observation urges a reassessment of subordinationism as a characterisation of Origen’s Trinitarian thought. I argue that it is more appropriate instead to speak of Origen’s Johannine theology of sonship.
High‐throughput measurement of plant fitness traits with an object detection method using Faster R‐CNN
Authors: Wang Peipei , Meng Fanrui , Donaldson Paityn , Horan Sarah , Panchy Nicholas L. , Vischulis Elyse , Winship Eamon , Conner Jeffrey K. , Krysan Patrick J. , Shiu Shin‐Han , Lehti‐Shiu Melissa D.
Published: February 2022

Revealing the contributions of genes to plant phenotype is frequently challenging because loss‐of‐function effects may be subtle or masked by varying degrees of genetic redundancy. Such effects can potentially be detected by measuring plant fitness, which reflects the cumulative effects of genetic changes over the lifetime of a plant. However, fitness is challenging to measure accurately, particularly in species with high fecundity and relatively small propagule sizes such as Arabidopsis thaliana.

An image segmentation‐based method using the software ImageJ and an object detection‐based method using the Faster Region‐based Convolutional Neural Network (R‐CNN) algorithm were used for measuring two Arabidopsis fitness traits: seed and fruit counts.

The segmentation‐based method was error‐prone (correlation between true and predicted seed counts, r2 = 0.849) because seeds touching each other were undercounted. By contrast, the object detection‐based algorithm yielded near perfect seed counts (r2 = 0.9996) and highly accurate fruit counts (r2 = 0.980). Comparing seed counts for wild‐type and 12 mutant lines revealed fitness effects for three genes; fruit counts revealed the same effects for two genes.

Our study provides analysis pipelines and models to facilitate the investigation of Arabidopsis fitness traits and demonstrates the importance of examining fitness traits when studying gene functions.