bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Danish Union Catalogue DanBib and library.dk: “physical” and “virtual” union catalogues
Authors: Petersen Anders‐Henrik , Lose Rikke
Published: September 2006

Purpose

The paper seeks to provide an overview of the approach taken by the Danish library community towards the automation of ILL and end‐user loan requests.

Design/methodology/approach

The physical union catalogue DanBib is explained, along with Bibliotek.dk, which is the end‐user web interface to the public union catalogue. A detailed description is given of the development of an end‐user ILL system.

Findings

This facility is currently being tested and implementation is scheduled for the end of 2006.

Originality/value

The paper will be of interest to all librarians who wish to empower end users in searching for and obtaining material in which they are interested.
Fourier series based finite element analysis of tube hydroforming
Authors: Guan Yabo , Pourboghrat Farhang , Yu Woong‐Ryeol
Published: September 2006

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide an axisymmetric model of tube hydroforming using a Fourier Series based finite element method.

Design/methodology/approach

Fourier series interpolation function, which considerably reduces the size of the global stiffness matrix and the number of variables, is employed to approximate displacements. The material of the tube is assumed to be elastic‐plastic and to satisfy the plasticity model that takes into account the rate independent work hardening and normal anisotropy. Numerical solution obtained from an updated Lagrangian formulation of the general shell theory is employed. The axial displacement stroke (a.k.a. axial feed) during tube hydroforming is incorporated using Lagrange multipliers. Contact constraints and boundary friction condition are introduced into the formulation based on the penalty function, which imposes the constraints directly into the tangent stiffness matrix. A forming limit curve based on shear instability and experimental measurements are used as fracture criteria.

Findings

The results obtained from this new formulation are compared against the nonlinear finite element code ABAQUS and experimental measurements for isotropic and transversely anisotropic tube materials. The hoop and axial strains predicted with AXHD code compared excellently with those from ABAQUS FEM code using plane stress axisymmetric (SAX1) and four‐node shell (S4R) elements. However, in the case of aluminum, the numerically predicted maximum hoop strain underestimated the actual hoop strain measured from the tube bulging experiment.

Practical implications

The axisymmetric hydroforming program (AXHD) developed in this work is very efficient in simulating the free‐forming stage of the tube hydroforming process under simultaneous action of internal pressurization and displacement stroke.

Originality/value

Although Fourier Series based finite element method has been used in metal forming, the extended application presented in this paper is novel in the finite element analysis of tube hydroforming.
A logit analysis of electronic banking in New Zealand
Authors: Gan Christopher , Clemes Mike , Limsombunchai Visit , Weng Amy
Published: September 2006

Purpose

In this paper the competitive landscape of financial institutions is shifting and internet banking is no longer a competitive advantage but a competitive necessity for banks. However, a limited number of empirical studies have been published in the marketing literature about electronic banking. This paper seeks to examine consumers' choices between electronic banking and non‐electronic banking in New Zealand.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper shows that the data for this analysis were obtained through a mail survey sent to 1,960 households in New Zealand. The decision to use electronic banking is hypothesised to be a function of service quality dimensions, perceived risk factors, user input factors, price factors, service product characteristics, individual factors and demographic variables such as age, gender, marital status, income, etc. Logistic regression is used to analyse the data. The discrete dependent variable measures whether an individual is an electronic banking or non‐electronic banking user.

Findings

The findings in the paper show that the output from the logistic regression indicates that the service quality, perceived risk factors, user input factors, employment, and education are the dominant variables that influence consumers' choice of electronic banking and non‐electronic banking channels.

Practical implications

This paper provides an improved understanding of consumers' choice between electronic and non‐electronic banking. This paper also identifies new relationships, and provides findings that further support, confirm, or contradict previous studies. In addition, it provides insights into the links between electronic banking and consumer decision making, to help provide strategies, recommendations and guidelines for the banking industry.

Originality/value

The paper shows how banks are developing, and utilizing new alternative distribution channels to reach their customers.
An approach to profit‐maximizing product design on the basis of the platform concept
Authors: Riesenbeck Hajo , Herrmann Andreas , Heitman Mark , Algesheimer René
Published: September 2006

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to show that conjoint measurement has proved to be an effective tool for identifying customer preferences. However, in order to market products and services successfully information about the variable costs for the various attributes and their respective levels needs to be considered. A platform approach could reduce these costs and generate very effective preference drivers.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper proposes and elaborates a model, which examines a joint implementation of conjoint measurement and the platform concept. The model is empirically tested on data gathered on a stratified random sample of customers through the application of valid and reliable measures. The model is tested using a conjoint and regression design.

Findings

The results in this paper show the usefulness of a joint implementation of conjoint measurement and the platform concept. Variable costs can be reduced considerably and preferences can be adequately identified. In combining market information (preference data) with cost data profitability is increased.

Originality/value

This paper specifically is to address the following four questions: What are the most important attributes and levels for customers? What are the variable costs for those attributes and levels? Could an implementation of the platform concept reduce those costs significantly? Are there any efficient preference drivers?
Reliability considerations in the design of cellular manufacturing systems
Authors: Das K. , Lashkari R.S. , Sengupta S.
Published: September 2006

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to: develop an effective cellular manufacturing system (CMS) design methodology by simultaneously considering system costs and individual machine reliabilities; and propose a combinatorial search‐based solution procedure to solve large‐sized problems.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper presents a multi‐objective mixed integer‐programming model for the design of CMS with the objective of minimizing costs and maximizing system reliability. The approach optimizes inter‐cell material handling costs, the variable cost of machining operations, and the machine under‐utilization costs. It also maximizes the system reliability by selecting process routes for the part types with the highest system reliability for the machines along the routes. To solve the multi‐objective, multiple process plan model, a simulated annealing (SA)‐based algorithm is developed. The algorithm follows the basic steps of SA, but also incorporates the genetic algorithm (GA) operations of crossover and mutations to generate better neighboring solutions from the current good solutions.

Findings

The algorithm in the paper solves the multi‐objective CMS design model and generates near optimal solutions for medium to large‐sized problems within reasonable limits of CPU time.

Practical implications

In the paper the CMS design approach can be implemented to improve reliability performance of the CMS.

Originality/value

A new CMS design methodology in this paper, which minimizes system costs and maximizes machine‐related system reliability, is developed. The proposed algorithm, which combines the basic steps of SA and crossover and mutation operations of GA, will enable CMS designers and users to obtain near optimal solutions for practical‐sized problems within reasonable time limits.
Assessing quality relationships in public housing
Authors: Chan Albert P.C. , Wong Francis K.W. , Lam Patrick T.I.
Published: September 2006

Purpose

Quality management in construction has received increasing attention in recent years. Numerous studies have been carried out which have highlighted the factors affecting quality of construction. Each study has contributed to identifying factors affecting quality. However, there is little published work that comprehensively addresses the factors specifically affecting the quality of Hong Kong public housing, which has long been criticized as having poor quality performance. This paper aims to identify the factors affecting the quality outcomes of public housing projects.

Design/methodology/approach

Potential quality attributes affecting quality performance was identified from the literature. A five‐page questionnaire was then developed to determine how these identified factors affect the quality scores of public housing projects. Factor analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to examine the data obtained from the questionnaire survey.

Findings

Analysis of 54 cases indicated that the project manager's experience in running public housing projects was the most important factor affecting the quality scores. Other important factors include a proactive quality culture; the extent of using direct skilled labour; a comprehensive subcontract inspection system; the competency of site labour, and the client's emphasis on quality, safety and environment.

Research limitations/implications

The empirical results were based locally in Hong Kong, however, the lessons learnt are generally applicable. For future research the methodology adopted can be replicated elsewhere to facilitate international comparison of quality practices.

Originality/value

A predictive model for quality performance has been developed. The findings can assist project managers to better manage public housing projects and achieve higher quality performance.
Empirical investigation of the hard and soft criteria of TQM in ISO 9001 certified small and medium‐sized enterprises
Authors: Lewis Winston G. , Fai Pun Kit , Lalla Terrence R.M.
Published: September 2006

Purpose

This paper presents the main findings of an empirical study that investigates the effects of the “soft” and “hard” criteria of total quality management (TQM) in four ISO 9001 certified small and medium‐sized enterprises (SME) in Trinidad and Tobago (T&T).

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopted an ethnographic research approach, and used the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to determine the extent to which these criteria were implemented at the point of ISO 9001 certification. By complementing the literature review, a hierarchy framework of TQM implementation via ISO 9001 was developed. The framework comprised three levels of criteria, sub‐criteria and elements which determine the effectiveness of TQM implementation in SME. Inputs from 16 evaluators including senior executives and representatives from the studied companies were invited. The combined opinions from evaluators were used to identify and prioritize these criteria and components.

Findings

The results showed that the “soft” criteria were implemented less than the “hard” criteria in SME. The AHP findings supplement the body of knowledge existing in compliance requirements of ISO 9001 and provide insights on how SME perceive the importance of “soft” versus “hard” criteria in TQM implementation. These findings highlight the need to align SMEs' prevailing quality culture with top management and considers it as one of the focal compliance requirements for future revisions of the ISO 9001:2000 Standard.

Research limitations/implications

Because of the ethnographic nature of the study, it was possible to obtain data from only four SME.

Practical implications

SME in T&T may apply the findings of the empirical research to design, implement and continually improve their quality management system

Originality/value

This paper makes a contribution to the body of knowledge in the field of quality management in a region where such work is limited. It adds value by empirically measures TQM implementation by determining the extent to which its criteria is implemented in ISO 9001 certified SME.
Process‐based knowledge management system for continuous improvement
Authors: Barber Kevin D. , Eduardo Munive‐Hernandez J. , Keane John P.
Published: September 2006

Purpose

This paper presents a practical methodology for developing a process‐based knowledge management system (KMS) for supporting continuous improvement (CI) and asset management.

Design/methodology/approach

An action research methodology was used to develop a KMS to support CI in a manufacturing company. The KMS is evaluated through application in the case study company. This methodology ensures a consistent approach to carrying out all improvement initiatives. The final part of the methodology addresses the construction of an intranet‐based knowledge warehouse. This contains several searchable areas such as existing information on assets, new knowledge generated from projects, details of expertise in the business and links to the key business drivers through the corporate intranet.

Findings

The KMS is shown to support CI initiatives through the utilization of available data already held within the company's management databases (production, quality and maintenance) including consideration of corporate strategic plans. Process models trigger the application of improvement tools and projects in a true CI environment.

Research limitations/implications

This methodology acknowledges both tacit and explicit knowledge within the company, and it represents an appropriate environment to promote and develop a true learning organization.

Practical implications

The system developed is shown to be flexible and has been implemented in a manufacturing environment. Financial benefits are presented.

Originality/value

The approach used is novel and integrates several areas of IT and process improvement techniques. The resulting methodology is applicable to large and small companies without requiring major IT support facilities. The methodology supports the development of true learning organizations.
“Mum effect”: principals' reluctance to submit negative feedback
Authors: Yariv Eliezer
Published: September 2006

Purpose

Submitting negative feedback is a stressful experience which both superiors and subordinates try to avoid. Do principals adapt to the mum effect and hide their (negative) thoughts and feelings, or do they confirm Weeninget al.hypothesis about the existence of facilitating conditions.

Design/methodology/approach

About 40 elementary school principals described in semi‐structured interviews cases of poor performing teachers whom they had to inform about their shortcomings.

Findings

Four consecutive stages, which escalated in directedness and criticism were found. Each stage depended on the outcomes of the previous one. Initially, half of the principals preferred first to ignore, but later 88 percent held a soft negative feedback and problem‐solving oriented discussions. When these discussions did not bring the expected results, about 80 percent criticized the worker orally. Only 30 percent criticized in writing. That process was accompanied with mixed feelings, mainly those of anger and compassion.

Research limitations/implications

The results emphasize the need for individual guidance as how to overcome their hesitattions and give effective feedback to their poor‐performing teachers. As an exploraty study, its major weakness was the reliance on one side of the equation – the principals.

Originality/value

Most earlier studies on mum effect were conducted in experimental setting. This study provides a uniquely realistic evidence of the interpersonal processes within the workplace. The worker appraisal and the transmission of (negative) feedback are explored through emotional lens.
Fear in organizations
Authors: Zoghbi Manrique de Lara Pablo
Published: September 2006

Purpose

This study examines the relationship between interactional justice, which is a specific type of organizational justice perception that reflects how a person is treated by an authority, and workplace internet deviance (or Cyberloafing) as a category of deviant workplace behavior. The tested model suggests that interactional justice affects cyberloafing by influencing fear of formal punishment –as an intimidation construct– which, in turn, prompts employees to reciprocate with deviant workplace internet behaviors.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from 147 (19.4 percent) of the 758 non‐teaching staff at a Spanish public university. Accessibility of individual e‐mail accounts was similar for all employees. E‐mails asking for collaboration were sent in two phases. A questionnaire was posted on the university Intranet and could be accessed by clicking on a link in the e‐mails.

Findings

Structural equation modeling results support that interactional justice is an antecedent of fear of formal punishment that fully mediates the relationship between interactional justice and workplace internet deviance.

Research limitations/implications

The researched employees have job conditions inherent to the peculiarities of the public sector which may limit the ability to extrapolate the findings in the private sector. The fear construct was assessed by a self‐supplied scale, and thus the presence of shades of other similar emotions could not be discounted. Findings provide a more understandable mechanism of the influence of supervisor disrespect on cyberloafing.

Practical implications

These findings contribute to an understanding of the ways in which organizations can control cyberloafing and provide reservations about the intimidator strategy efficiency.

Originality/value

The use of fear of punishment as a mediator on this link is unprecedented.
A review of prior common body of knowledge (CBOK) studies in internal auditing and an overview of the global CBOK 2006
Authors: Abdolmohammadi Mohammad J. , Burnaby Priscilla , Hass Susan
Published: September 2006

Purpose

The 2006 global common body of knowledge (CBOK) study is part of an ongoing research program that will broaden the understanding of how internal auditing is practised throughout the world. At the core of the 2006 CBOK study are three surveys of internal auditors worldwide regarding their professional activities. This paper reviews past CBOK studies and introduces the 2006 CBOK research project.

Design/methodology/approach

The findings of prior CBOK studies are reviewed, and additional topics are identified to develop the topical areas to be covered in CBOK 2006.

Findings

Past CBOK studies covered many of the same topical areas. Recent changes in The Institute of Internal Auditors Professional Standards, introduction of new technology, and the expanding complexity of business operations require new knowledge and skills for internal auditors. CBOK 2006 will be designed to address these issues.

Originality/value

By presenting an overview of past CBOK studies and discussing the rationale for the 2006 CBOK study, the researchers hope to motivate future research and to encourage internal auditors to participate in this global study.
The Americas literature review on internal auditing
Authors: Hass Susan , Abdolmohammadi Mohammad J. , Burnaby Priscilla
Published: September 2006

Purpose

By conducting the 2006 global Common Body of Knowledge (CBOK) study, The Institute of Internal Auditors (The IIA) attempts to better understand the expanding scope of internal auditing practice throughout the world. The purpose of this review of recent internal auditing literature in The Americas is to document how the internal audit function is changing in response to the shifts in global business practices.

Design/methodology/approach

The literature in The Americas is reviewed with a focus on developments that have implications for the expanded scope of internal auditing and the changing skill sets of internal auditors. This focus has implications for CBOK 2006.

Findings

The literature indicates a paradigm shift in the activities performed by internal auditors. The increasing complexity of business transactions, a more dynamic regulatory environment in the USA, and significant advances in information technology have resulted in opportunities and challenges for internal auditors. Although in 2004, The IIA responded to the changing organizational environment by updating the professional practices framework, more work needs to be done to prepare internal auditors for the expanded set of skills and knowledge required to perform audits of the future.

Originality/value

By presenting an overview of past literature in The Americas and discussing the shifting demands on internal audit services, the researchers hope to motivate further research in the field.
A survey of internal auditors to establish the scope of the common body of knowledge study in 2006
Authors: Burnaby Priscilla , Hass Susan , Abdolmohammadi Mohammad J.
Published: September 2006

Purpose

To present the results of a survey of internal auditors worldwide to determine the scope of the topics to be included in The IIA's Global Common Body of Knowledge Study (CBOK) 2006.

Design/methodology/approach

The researchers developed a prescope questionnaire and surveyed a small sample of experienced internal auditors worldwide. All three CBOK 2006 teams (Americas, Asia Pacific and Europe/Africa) participated in data gathering from internal auditors in their regions. The questionnaire contained topics that were adapted from The IIA Practice Standards, past CBOKs ands other relevant prior research. The questionnaire also provided space for inclusion of “Other” topics by respondents.

Findings

The respondents agreed with the inclusion of a majority of the topics listed in the prescope questionnaire in the global CBOK 2006 survey. Many “Other” topical areas were also suggested for inclusion.

Originality/value

The survey results are providing invaluable information to the researchers in their efforts to develop the questionnaire for global CBOK 2006.
Internal auditors: their role in the institutions of higher education in Malaysia
Authors: Zakaria Zamzulaila , Devi Selvaraj Susela , Zakaria Zarina
Published: September 2006

Purpose

To provide evidence on the establishment of the internal audit function in the higher education institutions in Malaysia and also to obtain the perceptions of the management of the higher education institutions towards the role and scope of the internal audit.

Design/methodology/approach

Sample consisted of 17 public universities and 49 private universities in Malaysia and variables used by Gordon and Fischer were adopted for this study.

Findings

The findings revealed that a substantial number of private institutions of higher education do not have an internal audit function. The study also indicates that the management of both types of institutions have similar perceptions on the role of internal auditors and the important audit areas as there are no significant differences between public and private institutions of higher education.

Research limitations/implications

The main limitation of this study is that it only examines whether the scope of internal audit covers the areas mentioned by treasury circular or the IIA Guideline. It ignored the extent to which the higher education institutions comply with both guidelines. It is, therefore, suggested that future research could consider the degree of compliance to the above guidelines. The difference in the role of internal auditing between the education sector and other industries represents an interesting area for further research. Also, since this study only focuses on the perceptions of the management and the internal auditor themselves, the perception of other parties such as regulators and the audit committee on the role of internal audit in institutions of higher education will be an interesting area to explore for future research.

Practical implications

The failure to establish an internal audit function in the private universities calls for government intervention to ensure the existence of an internal audit function in the private sector higher education institutions.

Originality/value

The findings of this paper will be important in further refining the scope of the internal audit function in the higher educations institutions in Malaysia, especially to policymakers concerned with regulations governing the internal audit function.
The stock market reaction to Ernst & Young's sale of its consulting unit to Cap Gemini
Authors: Liu Carol , Nabar Sandeep
Published: September 2006

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate how the stock prices of Ernst & Young's (E&Y's) audit clients reacted to the sale of the accounting firm's consulting unit to Cap Gemini. The study is motivated by the debate on how the provision of non‐audit services by auditors affects investor perceptions of auditor independence.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper uses the event study approach and examines market model prediction errors around relevant dates.

Findings

E&Y client firms' mean and median abnormal stock returns are significantly positive for two events, the approval of the sale by E&Y's partners, and the approval of the transaction by Cap Gemini stockholders.

Research limitations/implications

This study is limited to one major audit firm for reasons discussed in the paper.

Originality/value

This study offers evidence on investor perceptions of auditor independence without relying on an earnings management model as is common in the literature. This study's evidence suggests that investors view the separation of auditing and consulting favorably.
Board member contingent compensation: watch your back
Authors: Dalton Catherine M. , Dalton Dan R.
Published: September 2006

Purpose

Examines new SEC guidelines for the reporting of “Executive Compensation and Related Party Disclosure”.

Design/methodology/approach

The study discusses the new SEC guidelines for the reporting of “Executive Compensation and Related Party Disclosure”.

Findings

The compensation of governance boards should not include contingent arrangements of any sort, certainly including stock options.

Practical implications

Provides executives with information on important factors to consider in compensating board members.

Originality/value

Of particular value to CEOs and other board members.
Entering low‐end markets: a new strategy for Swiss companies
Authors: Gebauer Heiko
Published: September 2006

Purpose

This paper provides a better understanding of why manufacturing companies often fail to enter the low‐end market.

Design/methodology/approach

Case studies on Swiss firms that create competitive advantage through technological, quality and/or innovation leadership are the main tool of theory development.

Findings

Our objective was to explain why firms often fail to enter the low‐end market. The main finding is a method for entering the low‐end market successfully.

Research limitations/implications

Our remarks are limited to manufacturing firms that create competitive advantage through technological, quality and/or innovation leadership.

Practical implications

The key managerial implications is a method for entering the low‐end market successfully. The method offers some guidance for overcoming the successive hurdles limiting the entry in the low‐term price segment in emerging markets.

Originality/value

We were able to add a complementary perspective to existing literature on the international management. We suggest that the long‐term success in emerging markets is influenced strongly by the entry in the low‐end price segment.
Resonant leadership: a new kind of leadership for the digital age
Authors: McKee Annie , Massimilian Dick
Published: September 2006

Purpose

The authors contend that the current, intensive emphasis on short‐term results prevalent in much of corporate America unwittingly undercuts the ability of companies to achieve long‐term financial success. Given the “always on” nature of life for senior executives in the Digital Age, leaders find themselves subject to tremendous, ever‐increasing pressures and a perceived and/or real need to work harder and longer. The mental, physical and psychological toll extracted by these pressures over time leads to escalating personal sacrifice and ultimately, if unaddressed to the well‐known phenomenon known as “burnout”. Through recognizing what the authors refer to as the Cycle of Sacrifice and Renewal, executives can renew themselves using Mindfulness, Hope and Compassion. Through renewal, senior leaders can counteract the effects of work‐related pressures, perform at their best over the long‐term, and lead their organizations to sustained long‐term financial success.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors rely on research conducted by co‐author Annie McKee and Richard Boyatzis as outlined extensively in their current book, Resonant Leadership.

Findings

The authors discuss the Cycle of Sacrifice and Renewal as well as Mindfulness, Hope and Compassion, defining each term, and explain the relevance of each to a leader committed to achieving sustained, long‐term performance.

Originality/value

The paper is relevant to current and aspiring leaders and to Human Resource executives interested in working with people to help them perform at their best.
Evaluating the role of information technology in crisis and emergency management
Authors: Jefferson Theresa L.
Published: September 2006

Purpose

The paper seeks to discuss the recommendations for handling future extreme events based on the response and mitigation effort to Hurricane Katrina. It discusses how information technology (IT) relates to these recommendations.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper reviews recent recommendations for handling future extreme events and pinpoints the role of information systems in supporting these recommendations.

Findings

The study provides areas for IT researchers and practitioners to focus on to support the crisis and emergency management community.

Orginality/value

The paper provides ue for IT researchers and practitioners to focus on to support the Crisis and Emergency Management Community.
The frontiers of knowledge management
Authors: Desouza Kevin C.
Published: September 2006

Purpose

This paper seeks to discuss the new frontiers of knowledge management research.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is based on the author's experiences of putting together a compilation of writings by scholars on the future of knowledge management.

Findings

The paper outlines a research agenda for knowledge management.

Originality/value

The paper sheds light on critical problems that need to be examined in order to advance the field of knowledge management. Current scholars and students in the area of knowledge management can gain from the insights presented here.
European printed circuit board (PCB) technology and environmental trends: their impact on PCB supply from China
Authors: Weinhold Michael K.
Published: September 2006

Purpose

To give an introductory overview of the key issues that need to be addressed when manufacturing PCBs in China for the European market.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper gives an overview of key issues impacting manufacturers supplying printed circuit boards into Europe. The demand for higher performance and the need to comply with legislation such as the European RoHS Directive are posing significant challenges for non‐European fabricators. The paper introduces some of the key issues including materials substitution, the move to lead‐free assembly and new laminate requirements in the context of increasingly stringent quality and performance criteria.

Findings

Low cost manufacturers in China supply a large proportion of the PCBs used by the European electronics industry. If this supply is to continue as board complexities and performance requirements increase, PCB fabricators will need to pay careful attention to a wide range of issues including European legislation, choice of laminates, reliability and manufacture in compliance with industry specifications. Failure to meet these requirements will be costly and could result in the loss of European sales opportunities.

Research limitations/implications

There are significant challenges for overseas board manufacturers wishing to supply an increasingly demanding European market. Strategic alliances with partners in Europe can offer one route for better understanding these demands and meeting customer requirements without incurring unnecessary costs.

Originality/value

The paper attempts to highlight some of the issues and potential problem areas that need to be addressed when using low cost manufacturing routes to supply high quality circuit boards into the European market.
Asset securitisation as a risk management and funding tool
Authors: Jobst Andreas A.
Published: September 2006

Purpose

The paper surveys the risks and rewards of asset securitisation and illustrates how this structured finance technique can lift credit constraints to small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) as banks to turn more conservative in their lending in response to more risk‐sensitive capital requirements for credit risk.

Design/methodology/approach

The mechanics of securitisation provide an analytical framework and perspective for our analysis of conditions for sustainable SME securitisation and its potential contribution to greater risk diversification of both issuers and investors. The paper also elicits lessons to be learned for essential regulatory and policy measures to guide a sound development of securitisation markets from an empirical review of SME securitisation in Germany.

Findings

The paper finds that the structural versatility of securitisation offers economic benefits irrespective of the configuration of the financial system. The development of a viable securitisation market for SME‐related claims in a bank‐based financial system is likely to require financial sector initiatives, whose scope and intensity might be enhanced by development agencies. Orchestrated policy efforts make for a benign strategy to incubate SME securitisation in a timely fashion, while keeping legal uncertainty and economic attrition to a minimum.

Originality/value

As opposed to previous papers, the paper defines and discusses SME securitisation from both the perspective of bank‐ and firm‐sponsored securitisation and issue hands‐on recommendations for its efficient implementation.
Market condition, number of transactions, and price volatility
Authors: Tai Vivien W. , Chou Robin K.
Published: September 2006

Purpose

Taiwan OTC market is an electronic, order driven, call market. The purpose of this paper is to gain understanding of whether trade size or number of transaction provides more information on explaining price volatility and market liquidity in this market. The paper also aims to investigate how market condition can affect the relationship between information type and trading activities.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper uses data from the Taiwan OTC market to run the empirical tests. It divides firms into five size groups based on their market capitalization. Regression equations are run to test: whether number of transactions has a more significant impact on price volatility on the Taiwan OTC market; the impact of market information on number of transactions; the relative impact of firm specific and market information on number of transactions; and the impact of number of transaction of bid‐ask spread.

Findings

Findings show that the larger the number of transactions, the higher the price volatility. Smaller firms on the Taiwan OTC market are traded based on firm‐specific information. This relation is further affected by market trends. Especially for the larger firms, when the market is up and the amount of market information increases, number of transactions increases. When the market is down and the amount of market information increases, number of transactions decreases. Finally, it is found spread size is more likely to be influenced by number of transactions, instead of trade size. Overall, based on these empirical results, the information content of number of transactions seems to be higher than that of trade size in the Taiwan OTC market.

Practical implications

Investors now understand that number of transaction actually carry more information than trade size does.

Originality/value

The relation between market information and number of transaction, also that between market information and trade size is influenced by market condition. The paper fills a gap in the literature to show that market condition has an impact on the relation between information type and trader's behavior. A number of transactions are identified that provide more information than trade size does. It is also shown that market conditions can further affect the impact of information on trading activities.
The parables, premium puzzles, and the CAPM
Authors: Lin Hong‐Jen , VanderLinden David C.
Published: September 2006

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to ascertain whether religions parables are relevant to finance.

Design/methodology/approach

In the Gospel, one may find parallels to the capital asset pricing model in the context of the parables of the kingdom of God. For instance, the duality in the parables is particularly analogous to the gain – loss decision making in the practice and theory of finance. Moreover, several parables giving insight into investor reactions may help explain the premium puzzles in asset pricing.

Findings

Based on a thorough analysis, one can see that the parables contribute to finance practice and education.

Originality/value

This study is the first attempt to link parables in the Gospel of Matthew to finance theories.
Investing in stocks: three models of faith integration
Authors: Porter Brian E. , Steen Todd P.
Published: September 2006

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of Christian investors and the responsibility to promote justice and stewardship.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper examines three models of integrating the Christian faith with investing in the stock market. The first model considers investing in the stock market with minimal ethical discretion, looking at possible justifications for such behavior. The second model looks at the practice of avoidance of the stock market. The third model examines the ethic of active stewardship, where individuals more closely monitor the ethical behavior of firms.

Findings

Buying stock in a company makes one a part owner of that firm, and as an owner Christians have responsibilities to promote justice and stewardship within that firm. Although Christians may differ on the proper model for responding to this responsibility, the goal of all Christians should be to encourage fair business practices, honest labor‐management relations, care for the environment, and the production of goods that are truly useful in today’s society.

Practical implications

All three models can be based on various understandings of the Christian scriptures. The authors assert that whatever model is chosen, Christians need to look beyond just monetary returns when making investment decisions.

Originality/value

The value of this paper is that it explores the difficulty of integrating the Christian faith with investing and offers a model for being a responsible Christian investor.
Observations of school library impact at two rural Ugandan schools
Authors: Dent Valeda F.
Published: September 2006

Purpose

The purpose of this research is to explore connections between the presence of a library at two schools in rural Uganda and certain student academic engagement indicators, such as scholastic performance, reading habits, study habits, and library use patterns. The study is not intended to demonstrate strong correlations between these items, rather, it is a limited exploration of certain questions meant to inform further enquiry in the area. Five specific questions guided the research: Do students with a school library read more? Do students make good use of the library? Do students recognize the importance of having the library? Do students use the library materials for other than class‐related work? Are there any noticeable differences between the grades of students with the library at their school, and those without?

Design/methodology/approach

Researchers gathered both quantitative and qualitative data from two different schools in the Masaka District, one school with a library, the Kitengesa Comprehensive Secondary School, and one without, Masaka High School. Researchers also gathered important library‐use information from a third school, Sseke Secondary School, to supplement the quantitative data gathered from the other two schools. Grade and class rank information was collected for 85 students, 6 focus groups were conducted, 85 questionnaires were distributed and collected from students, 5 school administrators and 3 library staff were interviewed, and approximately 10 hours of observation was done.

Findings

Findings indicate that there are several areas where the presence of a school library has an impact, including students' reading habits, use of materials for non‐school‐related activities, and academic performance. The school libraries visited are both successful examples of how important the rural school library can be to the development of a reading culture. Implications of the findings are discussed in detail.

Research limitations/implications

Future research efforts might include a multi‐school, longitudinal study on the impact of rural libraries specifically on student achievement. Many studies have been conducted on this topic in the West, but no significant studies so far in Sub‐Saharan Africa, where hard evidence is needed in order to demonstrate the importance of the rural school library to student learning.

Originality/value

The study itself is unique in that the data hail from a two‐year study conducted at local schools/libraries in rural Uganda, using a broad methodology which included reviewing qualitative and quantitative data. It will provide information that can be used by others to support the need for the establishment of rural school libraries in underdeveloped regions, and provision of reading materials, which are otherwise scarce, for students and teachers.
The internet, information and empowerment
Authors: Harrison Tina , Waite Kathryn , Hunter Gary L.
Published: September 2006

Purpose

To critically assesses the extent to which consumers are being empowered by the internet, focusing specifically on the role of the internet in the context of online pension information provision.

Design/methodology/approach

A mixed method study involving focus groups and observational research. Focus groups explored consumer meanings of empowerment and pension information needs. Actual information provision was measured using a content analysis of a sample of 20 pension web sites from 1996 to 2004 accessed from the internet archive.

Findings

While consumers generally feel that the internet is empowering, the sense of empowerment has not been fully realised in the context of pensions. The findings reveal gaps between consumer needs for information and information provision with implications for pension providers and consumers.

Research limitations/implications

Relies on consumers' own reported information needs. Pensions are complex and consumers may not fully appreciate the most relevant information in order to make an informed pension decision. Researching professional financial advisors could close the loop and help understand what information consumers should be using to make decisions.

Practical implications

Provides useful insights for pension providers and employers in understanding the value of pension web sites and the features/facilities that consumers value most in using them.

Originality/value

Addresses a key concern of government – insufficient pension provision – and helps to understand how the internet can be used to engage consumers in pensions and encourage them to take greater responsibility for and ownership of their retirement saving.
Self‐empowerment and consumption
Authors: Conrad Henry Paul , Caldwell Marylouise
Published: September 2006

Purpose

To delineate the range of consumer responses to life‐conditions where sustained powerlessness is experienced. To provide a framework to understand the ways in which these consumers try to reclaim degrees of self‐empowerment and wellbeing.

Design/methodology/approach

Goffman's conceptualization of stigma is employed to study a heavy metal music enclave consisting of lower socioeconomic consumers, who exhibit a range of stigmatizing attributes.

Findings

A taxonomy of ten consumer remedies for their situation is developed. These include: resignation, confrontation, withdrawal, engagement, concealment, escapism, hedonic, spiritual, nostalgia, and creative. Each can potentially have negative or positive consequences. However, we found consumers often use a blend of these remedies as pathways to self‐empower.

Practical implications

Understanding the strengths and weaknesses of each of the remedies will potentially guide public policy makers in shaping programs better able to foster self‐empowerment among disadvantaged consumers.

Originality/value

The paper advances understanding of consumer response to sustained powerlessness as consequence of disadvantaged life conditions that are resistant to change.
The promise of virtual teams: identifying key factors in effectiveness and failure
Authors: Horwitz Frank M. , Bravington Desmond , Silvis Ulrik
Published: September 2006

Purpose

The aim of the investigation is to identify enabling and disenabling factors in the development and operation of virtual teams; to evaluate the importance of factors such as team development, cross‐cultural variables, leadership, communication and social cohesion as contributors to virtual team effectiveness.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 115 employees in virtual teams using an on‐line survey contributed a 55 per cent response rate. An on‐line survey combining both quantitative Likert scale and qualitative explanatory questions measured the following variables in addition to those above: team member roles and responsibilities, relationships and trust and team dynamics.

Findings

Results indicated that cross‐cultural communication improvement, managerial and leadership communication, goal and role clarification, and relationship building are most important to virtual team performance.

Research limitations/implications

Further research focusing on particular sectors such as knowledge‐ intensive firms (KIF), including information and telecommunications, and research and development is needed to provide in‐depth insights into virtual team operations. In addition this research highlights potential issues in cross‐cultural composition of virtual teams and the need for further work on appropriate team training, selection factors in comprising virtual teams and communications.

Originality/value

While there is a growing body of research on knowledge and information economy issues and the changing sociology of work for example in the ICT sector and in tele‐remote work and call centres, empirical work specifically on virtual team operation is embryonic. This exploratory research begins to add to the understanding of variables important in the operational effectiveness of virtual teams.