bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dysautonomia, but Not Cardiac Dysfunction, Is Common in a Cohort of Individuals with Long COVID
Authors: Tabacof Laura , Wood Jamie , Breyman Erica , Tosto-Mancuso Jenna , Kelly Amanda , Wilkey Kaitlyn , Zhang Chi , Putrino David , Kontorovich Amy
Published: November 2023

Despite the prevalence of dysautonomia in people with Long COVID, it is currently unknown whether Long COVID dysautonomia is routinely accompanied by structural or functional cardiac alterations. In this retrospective observational study, the presence of echocardiographic abnormalities was assessed. Left ventricular (LV) chamber sizes were correlated to diagnostic categories and symptoms via standardized patient-reported outcome (PRO) questionnaires. A total of 203 individuals with Long COVID without pre-existing cardiac disease and with available echocardiograms were included (mean age, 45 years; 67% female). Overall, symptoms and PRO scores for fatigue, breathlessness, quality of life, disability, anxiety and depression were not different between those classified with post-COVID dysautonomia (PCD, 22%) and those unclassified (78%). An LV internal diameter at an end-diastole z score < −2 was observed in 33 (16.5%) individuals, and stroke volume (SV) was lower in the PCD vs. unclassified subgroup (51.6 vs. 59.2 mL, 95% C.I. 47.1–56.1 vs. 56.2–62.3). LV end-diastolic volume (mean diff. (95% CI) −13 [−1–−26] mL, p = 0.04) and SV (−10 [−1–−20] mL, p = 0.03) were smaller in those individuals reporting a reduction in physical activity post-COVID-19 infection, and smaller LVMI was weakly correlated with worse fatigue (r = 0.23, p = 0.02). The majority of individuals with Long COVID report shared symptoms and did not demonstrate cardiac dysfunction on echocardiography.
Integrating Full-Length and Second-Generation Transcriptomics to Reveal Differentially Expressed Genes Associated with the Development of Corydalis yanhusuo Tuber
Authors: Zhao Xueyan , Wang Li , Zhou Yafu , Wang Qing , Wang Fangyuan , Li Yan
Published: November 2023

Corydalis yanhusuo is a medicinal herb in China that has been widely used to treat various kinds of pain. The tuber is the main organ of C. yanhusuo used for medicinal purposes, but changes in related genes during the development of the tuber have rarely been reported. To identify the differentially expressed genes during tuber development, C. yanhusuo full-length transcriptomic sequencing was performed using single-molecule real-time technology, and tubers at three development stages were selected for comparative transcriptome analysis. A total of 90,496 full-length non-chimeric transcripts were obtained, and 19,341 transcripts were annotated in at least one public database. A total of 9221 differentially expressed genes were identified during the swelling process of C. yanhusuo tuber. A Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes associated with a “starch and sucrose metabolism pathway”, “phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway”, “isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis pathway”, “zeatin biosynthesis pathway”, and “brassinosteroid biosynthesis pathway” were predominantly enriched. In addition, the genes involved in cell wall metabolism were potentially associated with tuber swelling. These processes regulated and were involved in C. yanhusuo tuber development. The results provide a foundation for further research on tuber formation in medicinal plants.
Conservation Priorities and Demographic History of Saussurea involucrata in the Tianshan Mountains and Altai Mountains
Authors: Hu Lin , Lu Ting , Wang Xiyong , Wang Jiancheng , Shi Wei
Published: November 2023

Rare and vulnerable endemic plants represent different evolutionary units that occur at different times, and protecting these species is a key issue in biological protection. Understanding the impact of the history of endangered plant populations on their genetic diversity helps to reveal evolutionary history and is crucial for guiding conservation efforts. Saussurea involucrata, a perennial alpine species mainly distributed in the Tianshan Mountains, is famous for its medicinal value but has become endangered due to over-exploitation. In the present study, we employed both nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences to investigate the genetic distribution pattern and evolutionary history of S. involucrata. A total of 270 individuals covering nine S. involucrata populations were sampled for the amplification and sequencing of nrDNA Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) and chloroplast trnL-trnF, matK and ndhF-rpl32 sequences. Via calculation, we identified 7 nuclear and 12 plastid haplotypes. Among the nine populations, GL and BA were characterized by high haplotype diversity, whereas BG revealed the lowest haplotype diversity. Molecular dating estimations suggest that divergence among S. involucrata populations occurred around 0.75 Ma, coinciding with the uplift of Tianshan Mountains. Our results reveal that both isolation-by-distance (IBD) and isolation-by-resistance (IBR) have promoted genetic differentiation among populations of S. involucrata. The results from the ecological niche modeling analyses show a more suitable habitat for S. involucrata in the past than at present, indicating a historical distribution contraction of the species. This study provides new insight into understanding the genetic differentiation of S. involucrata, as well as the theoretical basis for conserving this species.
Tribological Property of Al3BC3 Ceramic: A Lightweight Material
Authors: Lu Jinjun , Qu Rong , Liu Fuyan , Wang Tao , Che Qinglun , Qiao Yanan , Yao Ruiqing
Published: November 2023

Lightweight materials with a density less than 3 g/cm3 as potential tribo-materials for tribological applications (e.g., space tribology) are always desired. Al3BC3 ceramic, a kind of ternary material, is one of the lightweight materials. In this study, dense Al3BC3 ceramic is prepared via a reactive hot-pressing process in a vacuum furnace. Its tribological properties are investigated in two unlubricated conditions (one is at elevated temperature up to 700 °C in air, and another is in a vacuum chamber of back pressures from 105 Pa to 10−2 Pa at room temperature) and lubricated conditions (i.e., water and ethanol as low-viscosity fluids). At 400 °C and lower temperatures in air, as well as in vacuum, the tribological property of Al3BC3 ceramic is poor due to the fracture of grains and formation of a mechanically mixed layer. The beneficial influence of adsorbed gas species on reducing friction is very limited. Due to the formation of lubricious tribo-oxide at 600 °C and 700 °C, the friction coefficient is reduced from ca. 0.9 at room temperature and 400 °C to ca. 0.4. In the presence of low-viscosity fluids, a high friction coefficient and wear but a polished surface are observed in water, while a low friction coefficient and wear occur in ethanol. A lubricious carbide-derived carbon (CDC) coating on top of Al3BC3 ceramic through high-temperature chlorination can be fabricated and the wear resistance of CDC can be improved by adjusting the chlorination parameters. The above results suggest that Al3BC3 ceramic is a potential lubricating material for some tribological applications.
Assessment of Water Transport and Chemical Attack of Meta-Illite Calcined Clay Blended Cement in High-Performance Concrete
Authors: Nduka David O. , Olawuyi Babatunde J. , Cantero Blas , González-Fonteboa Belén
Published: November 2023

Rapid urbanisation causes a rise in the need for infrastructure, which in turn fuels the creation of additional concrete and further increases cement supplies. Activation of illite-based clay mineral and usage in concrete production is one of the sustainable ways to address the cement industry anthropogenic issues. This study evaluates the durability properties of water transport (water absorption, and capillary water absorption), and resistance to aggressive environments (5% solutions of hydrochloric acid, HCl; sodium sulphate, Na2SO4; and calcium chloride, CaCl2) of meta-illite calcined clay (MCC)-based high-performance concrete (HPC). For this purpose, concrete was produced with 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% MCC content in partial substitution of CEM II. Results from the water absorption tests indicate an average percentage value of 3.57%, 3.35% and 2.52% for all the observed mixes at 28, 56 and 90 days, respectively, with MCCC-10 HPC having an average best value of 2.23% across the curing ages. On all observed days, the 5 to 15% cement replacements had very close average water sorptivity value of 0.125 ± 0.001 mm/min0.5 with the control mix (0.113 ± 0.011 mm/min0.5). The aggressive environments exposure findings of the hardened MCC-based HPC specimens of 10 to 20% recorded an approximately 15% compressive strength loss in HCl, Na2SO4 and CaCl2 solutions over the 90 days of curing. In all, the HPC mixes of 5 to 15% MCC content obtained an average durability performance factor of 89%. As a result, these findings imply that MCC can replace cement in up to 15% of HPC production.
Study on the Photothermal Performance of a “Thermal Shielding” Coating Using Tungsten Bronze as Functional Material for Asphalt Pavement
Authors: Zhang Ling , Ding Pan , Si Wei , Kang Xingxiang , Zhang Hongfei , Gu Qiutai
Published: November 2023

Asphalt pavements absorb more than 90% of the incident solar radiation, which induces not only high-temperature degradation but also the urban heat island (UHI) effect. In this study, a novel nanoscale non-stoichiometric compound containing tungsten (MxWO3) was used for the first time to prepare thermal shielding coatings to reduce the temperature of pavements and mitigate the UHI effect. Coatings with good shielding characteristics were selected for outdoor thermal insulation tests to evaluate their properties. MxWO3 (M = K, Na, Cs) exhibited significant thermal shielding, especially CsxWO3. Outdoor thermal insulation tests were performed for the CsxWO3 coatings, and it was found that the greater the doping, the more significant the thermal shielding effect. Compared with untreated pavements, the surface-coated pavement exhibited significant cooling at 5 cm and 15 cm depth-wise, which reduced the overall pavement temperature by 1–2 °C, and the coating thickness affected the cooling effect.
Correction: Białobrzeska, B.; Jasiński, R. Resistance to Abrasive Wear with Regards to Mechanical Properties Using Low-Alloy Cast Steels Examined with the Use of a Dry Sand/Rubber Wheel Tester. Materials 2023, 16, 3052
Authors: Białobrzeska Beata , Jasiński Robert
Published: November 2023

In the original publication [...]
Using Multistage Energy Barrier of Heterojunctions in Improving Cr(VI) Detection
Authors: Zhao Minggang , He Yichang , Dong Xiaotong , Pang Kun , He Qian , Ma Ye , Cui Hongzhi
Published: November 2023

Detecting heavy metals in seawater is challenging due to the high salinity and complex composition, which cause strong interference. To address this issue, we propose using a multistage energy barrier as an electrochemical driver to generate electrochemical responses that can resist interference. The Ni-based heterojunction foams with different types of barriers were fabricated to detect Cr(VI), and the effects of the energy barriers on the electrochemical response were studied. The single-stage barrier can effectively drive the electrochemical response, and the multistage barrier is even more powerful in improving sensing performance. A prototype Ni/NiO/CeO2/Au/PANI foam with multistage barriers achieved a high sensitivity and recovery rate (93.63–104.79%) in detecting seawater while resisting interference. The use of multistage barriers as a driver to resist electrochemical interference is a promising approach.
Solution Combustion Synthesis of High-Performance Nano-LiFePO4/C Cathode Material from Cost-Effective Mixed Fuels
Authors: Duan Haozhi , Meng Dehai , Yuan Shuxia
Published: November 2023

Solution combustion synthesis (SCS) is considered as an efficient and energy-saving method for preparing LiFePO4/C composite material with the nanostructure (Nano-LiFePO4/C). In this study, Nano-LiFePO4/C cathode material was prepared using SCS using a cost-effective combination of urea and sorbitol as mixed fuels. The effect of mixed fuels on combustion behavior and microstructure as well as on electrochemical performance was studied using XRD, BET, SEM, TEM, and electrochemical characterization methods. Multiple characterization results indicated that the maximum temperature (Tm) and particle size were influenced by the usage of urea and sorbitol. The sample derived under optimum conditions exhibits a mesoporous nanostructure with a large surface specific area and attractive electrochemical performance with a discharge capacity of 153.5 mAh/g at 0.1 C, which shows strong potential for commercial applications in the future.
Computational and Experimental Studies on Combustion and Co-Combustion of Wood Pellets with Waste Glycerol
Authors: Bala-Litwiniak Agnieszka , Musiał Dorota , Nabiałczyk Michał
Published: November 2023

The shortage of fossil fuels and their rising prices, as well as the global demand for renewable energy and the reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, result in an increased interest in the production of alternative biofuels, such as biodiesel or biomass pellets. In this study, the possibility of utilizing waste glycerol, as an addition to pine pellets intended for heating purposes, has been investigated. The usefulness of pellets containing glycerol additions has been compared in terms of applicable quality standards for wood pellets. The highest values of moisture (4.58%), ash (0.5%) and bulk density (650 kg/m3) were observed for pellets without glycerin waste. The addition of waste glycerol slightly increases the calorific value of the pellet (17.94 MJ/kg for 7.5% additive). A 10-kW domestic biomass boiler has been employed to burn the tested pellets. The consumption of analyzed fuels during boiler operation was determined. The concentration of CO, CO2 and NOx in exhaust gases has also been examined. It was observed that the addition of 7.5% of waste glycerol contributes to the reduction in NOx concentrations by 30 ppm and CO2 by 0.15%. The obtained experimental results were compared with the numerical calculations made with the use of ANSYS Chemkin-Pro. The conducted research indicates the legitimacy of utilizing waste glycerol as an additive to wood pellets. In addition, this type of addition has a positive effect on, among others, the increase in calorific value, as well as lower emissions of combustion products such as NOx and CO2.
Experimental Investigation on Machinability of α/β Titanium Alloys with Different Microstructures
Authors: El-Hadad Shimaa , Elsayed Ayman , Shi Bin , Attia Helmi
Published: November 2023

In the current study, Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64) and Ti-6Al-7Nb (Ti67) alloys were prepared by vacuum arc melting. The produced samples were then subjected to different heat treatment regimes. The evolved microstructures and their corresponding hardness were investigated. Computerized drilling tests using TiAlN-coated high-speed steel bits were performed to assess the machinability of the prepared specimen regarding cutting force, tool wear, and thickness of the deformed layer. It was observed that Ti64 specimens that were water quenched from either α/β or β range contained martensitic phase. In Ti67, samples showed martensite only when water quenched from the β-phase range (1070 °C). Formation of martensite resulted in higher hardness and hence led to higher cutting forces and increased tool wear during the drilling process. Machined samples with higher hardness formed a thicker subsurface deformation area (white layer) and increased burr heights. Surface roughness in Ti64 workpieces was generally higher compared to Ti67 specimens. The coat of the drilling bit was partially attacked in the as-cast specimens, which was evident by elemental N on the machining chips. The machining tool deteriorated further by increasing the workpiece hardness through martensitic formation, where elements such as Cr, V, Fe, etc. that came from the tool steel were detected.
Exploring the Utilization of PHC Pile Waste Concrete as Filler in Asphalt Mastics
Authors: Tu Botao , Yang Xinkui , Xu Shi , Liang Xuhui , Liu Chen , Jiang Jian , Fan Lulu , Tu Liangliang
Published: November 2023

Using solid waste to replace limestone filler in asphalt concrete can not only reduce the cost of road construction, but also improve the utilization rate of solid waste. In this study, PHC pile waste concrete (PPWC) was innovatively used to replace limestone filler in asphalt mixture and its effect on the physical and rheological properties of asphalt mastics was studied. Firstly, PPWC was ground into filler particles with a diameter less than 0.075 mm. The physical properties, particle characteristics and chemical composition of PPWC filler and limestone filler were compared. Asphalt mastics were prepared with different filler-asphalt volume ratios (20%, 30% and 40%) and the physical properties, high-temperature rheological properties and low-temperature cracking resistance of asphalt mastics were tested. The experimental results showed that the surface of PPWC filler is rougher and has lower density and smaller particle size than limestone filler. When the filler content is the same, PPWC filler asphalt mastics have lower penetration and ductility, higher softening point than limestone filler asphalt mastics, and the viscosity of PPWC filler asphalt mastics is more sensitive than limestone filler asphalt mastics. PPWC filler asphalt mastics demonstrated superior high-temperature stability, but poorer low-temperature cracking resistance compared to limestone filler asphalt mastics. In conclusion, PPWC fillers can be used to replace limestone fillers in asphalt mixtures. The finding of this study will provide a new solution for the construction of eco-friendly roads.
Reutilization of Reclaimed Asphalt Binder via Co-Pyrolysis with Rice Husk: Thermal Degradation Behaviors and Kinetic Analysis
Authors: Zhao Hui , Mi Bao , Li Na , Wang Teng , Xue Yongjie
Published: November 2023

Realizing the utilization of reclaimed asphalt binder (RAB) and rice husk (RH) to reduce environmental pollution and expand the reutilization technique of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), co-pyrolysis of RAB with RH has great potential. In this study, the co-pyrolysis behaviors, gaseous products, and kinetics were evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR). The results showed that incorporating RH into RAB improved its pyrolysis characteristics. The interactions between RAB and RH showed initial inhibition followed by subsequent promotion. The primary gaseous products formed during co-pyrolysis were aliphatic hydrocarbons, water, and carbon dioxide, along with smaller amounts of aldehydes and alcohols originating from RH pyrolysis. All average activation energy values for the blends, determined through iso-conversional methods, decreased with RH addition. The combined kinetic analysis revealed two distinct mechanisms: (1) at the lower conversion range, the pyrolysis of the blend followed a random nucleation and three-dimensional growth mechanism, while (2) at the higher conversion range, the control mechanism transitioned into three-dimensional diffusion.
Effect of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the Al0.6CoCrFeNi High-Entropy Alloy
Authors: Hou Pengyu , Yang Yue , Zhang Leilei , Meng Yi , Cui Yan , Cao Leigang
Published: November 2023

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and tensile properties of an as-cast Al0.6CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) was investigated in this paper. The results show that the as-cast Al0.6CoCrFeNi HEA presents a typical FCC dendrite morphology with the interdendritic region consisting of BCC/B2 structure and heat treatment can strongly affect the microstructure and mechanical properties of HEA. Microstructure analysis revealed the precipitation of a nano-sized L12 phase in the FCC dendrite and the formation of the FCC and σ phases in the interdendritic region after annealing at 700 °C. The coarse B2 phase was directly precipitated from the FCC dendrite in the 900 °C-annealed sample, with the coexistence of the B2, FCC, and σ phases in the interdendritic region. Then, the interdendritic region converted to a B2 and FCC dual-phase structure caused by the re-decomposition of the σ phase after annealing at 1100 °C. The tensile test results show that the 700 °C-annealed HEA presents the most significant strengthening effect, with increments of corresponding yield strength being about 107%, which can be attributed to the numerous nano-sized L12 precipitates in the FCC dendrite. The mechanical properties of 1100 °C-annealed alloy revert to a level close to that of the as-cast alloy, which can be attributed to the coarsening mechanism of B2 precipitates and the formation of a soft FCC phase in the interdendritic region. The observed variation in mechanical properties during heat treatment follows the traditional trade-off relationship between strength and plasticity.
Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Control of Active Vehicle Suspension Based on H2 and H∞ Synthesis
Authors: Esmaeili Jaffar Seyyed , Akbari Ahmad , Farnam Arash , Azad Nasser Lashgarian , Crevecoeur Guillaume
Published: November 2023

This paper addresses the issue of a road-type-adaptive control strategy aimed at enhancing suspension performance. H2 synthesis is employed for modeling road irregularities as impulses or white noise, minimizing the root mean square (RMS) of performance outputs for these specific road types. It should be noted, however, that this approach may lead to suboptimal performance when applied to other road profiles. In contrast, the H∞ controller is employed to minimize the RMS of performance outputs under worst-case road irregularities, taking a conservative stance that ensures robustness across all road profiles. To leverage the advantages of both controllers and achieve overall improved suspension performance, automatic switching between these controllers is recommended based on the identified road type. To implement this adaptive switching mechanism, manual switching is performed, gathering input–output data from the controllers. These data are subsequently employed for training an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) network. This elegant approach contributes significantly to the optimization of suspension performance. The simulation results employing this novel ANFIS-based controller demonstrate substantial performance enhancements compared to both the H2 and H∞ controllers. Notably, the ANFIS-based controller exhibits a remarkable 62% improvement in vehicle body comfort and a significant 57% enhancement in ride safety compared to passive suspension, highlighting its potential for superior suspension performance across diverse road conditions.
On Some Weingarten Surfaces in the Special Linear Group SL(2,R)
Authors: Munteanu Marian Ioan
Published: November 2023

We classify Weingarten conoids in the real special linear group SL(2,R). In particular, there is no linear Weingarten nontrivial conoids in SL(2,R). We also prove that the only conoids in SL(2,R) with constant Gaussian curvature are the flat ones. Finally, we show that any surface that is invariant under left translations of the subgroup N is a Weingarten surface.
Sequence Prediction and Classification of Echo State Networks
Authors: Sun Jingyu , Li Lixiang , Peng Haipeng
Published: November 2023

The echo state network is a unique form of recurrent neural network. Due to its feedback mechanism, it exhibits superior nonlinear behavior compared to traditional neural networks and is highly regarded for its simplicity and efficiency in computation. In recent years, as network development has progressed, the security threats faced by networks have increased. To detect and counter these threats, the analysis of network traffic has become a crucial research focus. The echo state network has demonstrated exceptional performance in sequence prediction. In this article, we delve into the impact of echo state networks on time series. We have enhanced the model by increasing the number of layers and adopting a different data input approach. We apply it to predict chaotic systems that appear ostensibly regular but are inherently irregular. Additionally, we utilize it for the classification of sound sequence data. Upon evaluating the model using root mean squared error and micro-F1, we have observed that our model exhibits commendable accuracy and stability.
Depth and Stanley Depth of the Edge Ideals of r-Fold Bristled Graphs of Some Graphs
Authors: Wang Ying , Sharif Sidra , Ishaq Muhammad , Tchier Fairouz , Tawfiq Ferdous M. , Aslam Adnan
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we find values of depth, Stanley depth, and projective dimension of the quotient rings of the edge ideals associated with r-fold bristled graphs of ladder graphs, circular ladder graphs, some king’s graphs, and circular king’s graphs.
Effect of Machine Hammer Peening Conditions on β Grain Refinement of Additively Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Neto Leonor , Williams Stewart , Davis Alec E. , Kennedy Jacob R.
Published: November 2023

Ti-6Al-4V components built with wire plus arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) generally have long columnar β grains that cause anisotropic behavior when the material undergoes static and cyclic failure. Recently, machine hammer peening (MHP) has been proved to induce prior-β grain refinement in WAAM resulting in isotropic properties and increased strength. In this study, MHP was investigated for WAAM walls to establish the dependency of the β grain refinement on peening parameters, such as energy, tool radius, and distance between impact steps. All combinations of parameters investigated resulted in grain-refined microstructures. The plastic strain theory failed to explain these results, as the microstructure refinement achieved did not match the strain distribution obtained. Thus, a new theory of accumulated energy was proposed in which the dynamic deformation of the MHP process should also be taken into consideration. The mechanical properties for the MHP conditions showed higher strength and decreased anisotropy as the energy per length increased. This was attributed to the reduction in texture in the WAAM walls. Thus, when applying MHP, the energy per unit length is controlling the grain size obtained and improved mechanical properties can be achieved.
Design, Simulation and Multi-Objective Optimization of a Micro-Scale Gearbox for a Novel Rotary Peristaltic Pump
Authors: Rogkas Nikolaos , Pelekis Matthaios , Manios Alexandros , Anastasiadis Alexandros , Vasileiou Georgios , Tsoukalis Achilleas , Manopoulos Christos , Spitas Vasilios
Published: November 2023

Peristaltic pumps are widely used in biomedical applications to ensure the safe flow of sterile or medical fluids. They are commonly employed for drug injections, IV fluids, and blood separation (apheresis). These pumps operate through a progressive contraction or expansion along a flexible tube, enabling fluid flow. They are also utilized in industrial applications for sanitary fluid transport, corrosive fluid handling, and novel pharmacological delivery systems. This research provides valuable insights into the selection and optimal design of the powertrain stages for peristaltic pumps implemented in drug delivery systems. The focus of this paper lies in the simulation and optimization of the performance of a power transmission gearbox by examining the energy consumption, sound levels, reliability, and volume as output metrics. The components of the powertrain consist of a helical gear pair for the first stage, a bevel gear pair for the second one, and finally a planetary transmission. Through extensive simulations, the model exhibits promising results, achieving an efficiency of up to 90%. Furthermore, alternative configurations were investigated to optimize the overall performance of the powertrain. This process has been simulated by employing the KISSsoft/KISSsys software package. The findings of this investigation contribute to advancements in the field of biomedical engineering and hold significant potential for improving the efficiency, reliability, and performance of drug delivery mechanisms.
Characterizing the Impact of Compression Duration and Deformation-Related Loss of Closure Force on Clip-Induced Spinal Cord Injury in Rats
Authors: Lee Po-Hsuan , Hsu Heng-Juei , Tien Chih-Hao , Huang Chi-Chen , Huang Chih-Yuan , Chen Hui-Fang , Yeh Ming-Long , Lee Jung-Shun
Published: November 2023

The clip-induced spinal cord injury (SCI) rat model is pivotal in preclinical SCI research. However, the literature exhibits variability in compression duration and limited attention to clip deformation-related loss of closure force. We aimed to investigate the impact of compression duration on SCI severity and the influence of clip deformation on closure force. Rats received T10-level clip-induced SCI with durations of 1, 5, 10, 20, and 30 s, and a separate group underwent T10 transection. Outcomes included functional, histological, electrophysiological assessments, and inflammatory cytokine analysis. A tactile pressure mapping system quantified clip closure force after open–close cycles. Our results showed a positive correlation between compression duration and the severity of functional, histological, and electrophysiological deficits. Remarkably, even a brief 1-s compression caused significant deficits comparable to moderate-to-severe SCI. SSEP waveforms were abolished with durations over 20 s. Decreased clip closure force appeared after five open–close cycles. This study offers critical insights into regulating SCI severity in rat models, aiding researchers. Understanding compression duration and clip fatigue is essential for experiment design and interpretation using the clip-induced SCI model.
Randomized Controlled Trials to Treat Obesity in Military Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Gravina Davide , Keeler Johanna Louise , Akkese Melahat Nur , Bektas Sevgi , Fina Paula , Tweed Charles , Willmund Gerd-Dieter , Treasure Janet , Himmerich Hubertus
Published: November 2023

In recent years, overweight and obesity have reached an alarmingly high incidence and prevalence worldwide; they have also been steadily increasing in military populations. Military personnel, as an occupational group, are often exposed to stressful and harmful environments that represent a risk factor for disordered eating, with major repercussions on both physical and mental health. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of weight loss interventions and assess the significance of current obesity treatments for these populations. Three online databases (PubMed, PsycInfo, and Web of Science) were screened to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aiming to treat obesity in active-duty military personnel and veterans. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted for body weight (BW) and body mass index (BMI) values, both longitudinally comparing treatment groups from pre-to-post intervention and cross-sectionally comparing the treatment group to controls at the end of the intervention. A total of 21 studies were included: 16 cross-sectional (BW: n = 15; BMI: n = 12) and 16 longitudinal (BW: n = 15; BMI: n = 12) studies were meta-analyzed, and 5 studies were narratively synthesized. A significant small overall BW and BMI reduction from baseline to post-intervention was observed (BW: g = −0.10; p = 0.015; BMI: g = −0.32; p < 0.001), together with a decreased BMI (g = −0.16; p = 0.001) and nominally lower BW (g = −0.08; p = 0.178) in the intervention group compared to controls at the post-intervention time-point. Despite limitations, such as the heterogeneity across the included interventions and the follow-up duration, our findings highlight how current weight loss interventions are effective in terms of BW and BMI reductions in military populations and how a comprehensive approach with multiple therapeutic goals should be taken during the intervention.
Impact of a Food Rebalancing Program Associated with Plant-Derived Food Supplements on the Biometric, Behavioral, and Biological Parameters of Obese Subjects
Authors: Houben Jean-Jacques , Carpentier Yvon , Paulissen Genevieve , Snick Georges Van , Soetewey Antoine
Published: November 2023

Between 2021 and 2023, the Scientific Council of Dietplus®, a group specialized in overweight and obesity management, conducted a clinical study on 170 volunteer subjects with a BMI > 29 Kg/m2 consecutively recruited. The Dietplus® program comprises nutritional education, intensive, personalized coaching, and consuming food supplements rich in plant derivatives. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the Dietplus® program on biometric, behavioral, and biological parameters. A control group of 30 obese patients was followed for a similar 12-week period. Mean weight loss reached 9 ± 2.1 kg in the Dietplus® test group versus a 1 ± 0.1 kg weight gain in the control group. Excess weight loss reached 33 ± 13%, and fat mass loss was 7.6% (p < 0.001); waist circumference was reduced by 30%. Quality of Life, Nutriscore, and Prochaska di Clemente scale significantly improved (p < 0.001). Biological parameters showed substantial improvements in the carbohydrate profile and insulin resistance (HOMA index) and in the lipid profile with lower plasma triglyceride (p < 0.01) and VLDL (p < 0.01) concentrations. Inflammatory parameters (orosomucoid, ultrasensitive C-reactive protein, and PINI indices) were also substantially reduced. These results indicate a substantial benefit in subjects who followed the Dietplus® program. (Dietplus® 116 Rue Robert Bunsen, 57460 Behren-lès-Forbach, France is active in France Belgium and Spain. Plant Derived Food Supplements are produced in France). Indeed, improvements were observed in all biometric, behavioral, and metabolic parameters.
SMAD1 Is Dispensable for CDX2 Induction but Required for the Repression of Ectopic Small-Intestinal Gene Expression in Human-Pluripotent-Stem-Cell-Derived Colonic Organoids
Authors: Qu Na , Daoud Abdelkader , Jeffcoat Braxton , Múnera Jorge O.
Published: November 2023

The generation of gastrointestinal tissues from human pluripotent stem cells has provided unprecedented insight into the molecular mechanisms that drive the patterning of the primitive gut tube. Previous work has identified bone-morphogenetic-protein (BMP) signaling as an important mediator of mid/hindgut versus foregut and hindgut versus midgut cell fate choice. Inhibition of BMP signaling during gut tube morphogenesis inhibits the expression of the pan-intestinal transcription factor CDX2. Treatment of CDX2+ mid/hindgut cultures with BMP patterns them into hindgut, which gives rise to colonic organoids (HCOs). While the role for BMP signaling is clear, the molecular mechanisms through which BMP signaling patterns the mid/hindgut and colon remain unclear. BMPs bind to BMP receptors, activating a signaling cascade that results in the activation of SMADs, which function as transcription factors. We hypothesized that one of these factors, SMAD1, would be necessary for establishing the CDX2 domain and the colon domain. Unexpectedly, endoderm derived from SMAD1-deficient induced pluripotent stem cells was capable of inducing CDX2 in response to WNT and FGF signaling. In addition, CDX2+ gut tube cultures could activate posterior HOX genes in response to BMP. However, examination of HCOs following cytodifferentiation revealed that SMAD1-deficient HCOs ectopically expressed small-intestinal markers despite expressing posterior HOX genes. These results indicate that there is redundancy of SMADs during early hindgut patterning but that SMAD1 is required for the inhibition of small-intestinal gene expression in HCOs.
Genome Characterisation of Invasive Haemophilus influenzae in Pregnancy: The Noticeable Placental Tissue Tropism Is Distributed across the Species Rather Than Linked with Capsulation or Particular Clones
Authors: Nørskov-Lauritsen Niels , Mohey Rajesh , Hansen Dennis S. , Duus Liv , Khalil Mohammad R. , Wilfred Stella J. , Nielsen Stine Y.
Published: November 2023

Pregnancy is associated with a 5–26 times increased risk of invasive Haemophilus influenzae infection and subsequent adverse pregnancy outcomes. Incidence rate and outcome are published in some regions, but the characterisation of bacterial isolates is limited. We performed comparative genomic analyses of isolates from 12 pregnancy-associated cases, cultured from maternal bacteraemia in pregnancy (nine), postpartum bacteraemia (one), neonatal bacteraemia (one), and placental tissue (one). In two bacteraemia cases, identical isolates were also cultured from cervical swabs. Eight cases occurred early in pregnancy (gestational week 7–26), and seven of them resulted in miscarriage or neonatal death. All bacterial genomes were devoid of capsule loci, and they were evenly distributed in the major phylogenetic group I of the species. The conspicuous tropism of H. influenzae for pregnancy and placental tissue is associated with the species rather than specific clonal subtypes.
Integrating Metabolomics and Network Pharmacology to Explore the Mechanism of Xiao-Yao-San in the Treatment of Inflammatory Response in CUMS Mice
Authors: Zhang Yi , Li Xiao-Jun , Wang Xin-Rong , Wang Xiao , Li Guo-Hui , Xue Qian-Yin , Zhang Ming-Jia , Ao Hai-Qing
Published: November 2023

Depression can trigger an inflammatory response that affects the immune system, leading to the development of other diseases related to inflammation. Xiao-Yao-San (XYS) is a commonly used formula in clinical practice for treating depression. However, it remains unclear whether XYS has a modulating effect on the inflammatory response associated with depression. The objective of this study was to examine the role and mechanism of XYS in regulating the anti-inflammatory response in depression. A chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mouse model was established to evaluate the antidepressant inflammatory effects of XYS. Metabolomic assays and network pharmacology were utilized to analyze the pathways and targets associated with XYS in its antidepressant inflammatory effects. In addition, molecular docking, immunohistochemistry, Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR), and Western Blot were performed to verify the expression of relevant core targets. The results showed that XYS significantly improved depressive behavior and attenuated the inflammatory response in CUMS mice. Metabolomic analysis revealed the reversible modulation of 21 differential metabolites by XYS in treating depression-related inflammation. Through the combination of liquid chromatography and network pharmacology, we identified seven active ingredients and seven key genes. Furthermore, integrating the predictions from network pharmacology and the findings from metabolomic analysis, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGFA) and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ (PPARG) were identified as the core targets. Molecular docking and related molecular experiments confirmed these results. The present study employed metabolomics and network pharmacology analyses to provide evidence that XYS has the ability to alleviate the inflammatory response in depression through the modulation of multiple metabolic pathways and targets.
Structural Characterization of TRAF6 N-Terminal for Therapeutic Uses and Computational Studies on New Derivatives
Authors: Guven Omur , Sever Belgin , Başoğlu-Ünal Faika , Ece Abdulilah , Tateishi Hiroshi , Koga Ryoko , Radwan Mohamed O. , Demir Nefise , Can Mustafa , Dilsiz Aytemir Mutlu , Inoue Jun-ichiro , Otsuka Masami , Fujita Mikako , Ciftci Halilibrahim , DeMirci Hasan
Published: November 2023

Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors (TRAFs) are a protein family with a wide variety of roles and binding partners. Among them, TRAF6, a ubiquitin ligase, possesses unique receptor binding specificity and shows diverse functions in immune system regulation, cellular signaling, central nervous system, and tumor formation. TRAF6 consists of an N-terminal Really Interesting New Gene (RING) domain, multiple zinc fingers, and a C-terminal TRAF domain. TRAF6 is an important therapeutic target for various disorders and structural studies of this protein are crucial for the development of next-generation therapeutics. Here, we presented a TRAF6 N-terminal structure determined at the Turkish light source “Turkish DeLight” to be 3.2 Å resolution at cryogenic temperature (PDB ID: 8HZ2). This structure offers insight into the domain organization and zinc-binding, which are critical for protein function. Since the RING domain and the zinc fingers are key targets for TRAF6 therapeutics, structural insights are crucial for future research. Separately, we rationally designed numerous new compounds and performed molecular docking studies using this template (PDB ID:8HZ2). According to the results, 10 new compounds formed key interactions with essential residues and zinc ion in the N-terminal region of TRAF6. Molecular dynamic (MD) simulations were performed for 300 ns to evaluate the stability of three docked complexes (compounds 256, 322, and 489). Compounds 256 and 489 was found to possess favorable bindings with TRAF6. These new compounds also showed moderate to good pharmacokinetic profiles, making them potential future drug candidates as TRAF6 inhibitors.
Translational Challenges and Prospective Solutions in the Implementation of Biomimetic Delivery Systems
Authors: Wang Zhe , Wang Xinpei , Xu Wanting , Li Yongxiao , Lai Ruizhi , Qiu Xiaohui , Chen Xu , Chen Zhidong , Mi Bobin , Wu Meiying , Wang Junqing
Published: November 2023

Biomimetic delivery systems (BDSs), inspired by the intricate designs of biological systems, have emerged as a groundbreaking paradigm in nanomedicine, offering unparalleled advantages in therapeutic delivery. These systems, encompassing platforms such as liposomes, protein-based nanoparticles, extracellular vesicles, and polysaccharides, are lauded for their targeted delivery, minimized side effects, and enhanced therapeutic outcomes. However, the translation of BDSs from research settings to clinical applications is fraught with challenges, including reproducibility concerns, physiological stability, and rigorous efficacy and safety evaluations. Furthermore, the innovative nature of BDSs demands the reevaluation and evolution of existing regulatory and ethical frameworks. This review provides an overview of BDSs and delves into the multifaceted translational challenges and present emerging solutions, underscored by real-world case studies. Emphasizing the potential of BDSs to redefine healthcare, we advocate for sustained interdisciplinary collaboration and research. As our understanding of biological systems deepens, the future of BDSs in clinical translation appears promising, with a focus on personalized medicine and refined patient-specific delivery systems.
Optical Properties of Two Complementary Samples of Intermediate Seyfert Galaxies
Authors: Dalla Barba Benedetta , Berton Marco , Foschini Luigi , La Mura Giovanni , Vietri Amelia , Ciroi Stefano
Published: November 2023

We present first results of the analysis of optical spectra of two complementary samples of Seyfert galaxies (Seyferts). The first sample was extracted from a selection of the 4th Fermi Gamma-ray Large Area Telescope (4FGL) catalog and consists of 11 γ-ray-emitting jetted Seyfert galaxies. The second one was extracted from the Swift-BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey (BASS) and is composed of 38 hard-X-ray-selected active galactic nuclei (AGN). These two samples are complementary, with the former being expected to have smaller viewing angles, while the latter may include objects with larger viewing angles. We measured emission-line ratios to investigate whether the behavior of these Seyferts can be explained in terms of obscuration, as suggested by the Unified Model (UM) of AGN, or if there are intrinsic differences due to the presence of jets or outflows, or due to evolution. We found no indications of intrinsic differences. The UM remains the most plausible interpretation for these classes of objects, even if some results can be challenging for this model.
Effects of Exogenous Ethanol Treatment in Nutrient Solution on Growth and Secondary Metabolite Contents of Three Herb Species in an Indoor Vertical Farming System
Authors: Shin Juhyung , Lee YongJae , Hahm Seungyong , Lee Kwangya , Park Jongseok
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to explore the possibility of exogenous ethanol treatment as a technology to regulate the growth and the synthesis of secondary metabolites in herbaceous plants. After transplantation, sweet basil, Korean mint, and sweet wormwood were cultivated in a controlled vertical farming system and consistently exposed to exogenous ethanol at concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 mM. Their growth parameters, antioxidant activity, and secondary metabolite contents were Everything is fine. measured to investigate the effects of the exogenous ethanol treatment on the three plants. The low-concentration ethanol treatments increased the shoot dry weight of the sweet basil and sweet wormwood compared to that of the control. As the ethanol concentration increased, the shoot fresh weight and leaf area in the sweet basil and Korean mint decreased compared to those of the control (0 mM). The DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity and total phenolic content of the three plants increased with the ethanol concentration, while the total flavonoid content did not demonstrate a significant trend. The chlorophyll and carotenoids of the basil showed no apparent concentration-dependent trends; however, the chlorophyll and carotenoids of the Korean mint and sweet wormwood decreased with high ethanol concentrations. Moreover, the antioxidant enzyme activity increased with high ethanol concentrations, indicating that high ethanol concentrations induce oxidative stress in plants.
Field Plant Monitoring from Macro to Micro Scale: Feasibility and Validation of Combined Field Monitoring Approaches from Remote to in Vivo to Cope with Drought Stress in Tomato
Authors: Vurro Filippo , Croci Michele , Impollonia Giorgio , Marchetti Edoardo , Gracia-Romero Adrian , Bettelli Manuele , Araus José Luis , Amaducci Stefano , Janni Michela
Published: November 2023

Monitoring plant growth and development during cultivation to optimize resource use efficiency is crucial to achieve an increased sustainability of agriculture systems and ensure food security. In this study, we compared field monitoring approaches from the macro to micro scale with the aim of developing novel in vivo tools for field phenotyping and advancing the efficiency of drought stress detection at the field level. To this end, we tested different methodologies in the monitoring of tomato growth under different water regimes: (i) micro-scale (inserted in the plant stem) real-time monitoring with an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT)-based sensor, namely a bioristor, that enables continuous monitoring of the plant; (ii) medium-scale (<1 m from the canopy) monitoring through red–green–blue (RGB) low-cost imaging; (iii) macro-scale multispectral and thermal monitoring using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). High correlations between aerial and proximal remote sensing were found with chlorophyll-related indices, although at specific time points (NDVI and NDRE with GGA and SPAD). The ion concentration and allocation monitored by the index R of the bioristor during the drought defense response were highly correlated with the water use indices (Crop Water Stress Index (CSWI), relative water content (RWC), vapor pressure deficit (VPD)). A high negative correlation was observed with the CWSI and, in turn, with the RWC. Although proximal remote sensing measurements correlated well with water stress indices, vegetation indices provide information about the crop’s status at a specific moment. Meanwhile, the bioristor continuously monitors the ion movements and the correlated water use during plant growth and development, making this tool a promising device for field monitoring.