bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Sparse Recovery Algorithm for Suppressing Multiple Linear Frequency Modulation Interference in the Synthetic Aperture Radar Image Domain
Authors: Tong Guanqi , Lu Xingyu , Yang Jianchao , Yu Wenchao , Gu Hong , Su Weimin
Published: May 2024

In synthetic aperture radar (SAR) signal processing, compared with the raw data of level-0, level-1 SAR images are more readily accessible and available in larger quantities. However, an amount of level-1 images are affected by radio frequency interference (RFI), which typically originates from Linear Frequency Modulation (LFM) signals emitted by ground-based radars. Existing research on interference suppression in level-1 data has primarily focused on two methods: transforming SAR images into simulated echo data for interference suppression, or focusing interference in the frequency domain and applying notching filters to reduce interference energy. However, these methods overlook the effective utilization of the interference parameters or are confined to suppressing only one type of LFM interference at a time. In certain SAR images, multiple types of LFM interference manifest bright radiation artifacts that exhibit varying lengths along the range direction while remaining constant in the azimuth direction. It is necessary to suppress multiple LFM interference on SAR images when original echo data are unavailable. This article proposes a joint sparse recovery algorithm for interference suppression in the SAR image domain. In the SAR image domain, two-dimensional LFM interference typically exhibits differences in parameters such as frequency modulation rate and pulse width in the range direction, while maintaining consistency in the azimuth direction. Based on this observation, this article constructs a series of focusing operators for LFM interference in SAR images. These operators enable the sparse representation of dispersed LFM interference. Subsequently, an optimization model is developed that can effectively suppress multi-LFM interference and reduce image loss with the assistance of a regularization term in the image domain. Simulation experiments conducted in various scenarios validate the superior performance of the proposed method.
Portable Arduino-Based Multi-Sensor Device (SBEDAD): Measuring the Built Environment in Street Cycling Spaces
Authors: Luo Chuanwen , Hui Linyuan , Shang Zikun , Wang Chenlong , Jin Mingyu , Wang Xiaobo , Li Ning
Published: May 2024

The built environment’s impact on human activities has been a hot issue in urban research. Compared to motorized spaces, the built environment of pedestrian and cycling street spaces dramatically influences people’s travel experience and travel mode choice. The streets’ built environment data play a vital role in urban design and management. However, the multi-source, heterogeneous, and massive data acquisition methods and tools for the built environment have become obstacles for urban design and management. To better realize the data acquisition and for deeper understanding of the urban built environment, this study develops a new portable, low-cost Arduino-based multi-sensor array integrated into a single portable unit for built environment measurements of street cycling spaces. The system consists of five sensors and an Arduino Mega board, aimed at measuring the characteristics of the street cycling space. It takes air quality, human sensation, road quality, and greenery as the detection objects. An integrated particulate matter laser sensor, a light intensity sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor, noise sensors, and an 8K panoramic camera are used for multi-source data acquisition in the street. The device has a mobile power supply display and a secure digital card to improve its portability. The study took Beijing as a sample case. A total of 127.97 G of video data and 4794 Kb of txt records were acquired in 36 working hours using the street built environment data acquisition device. The efficiency rose to 8474.21% compared to last year. As an alternative to conventional hardware used for this similar purpose, the device avoids the need to carry multiple types and models of sensing devices, making it possible to target multi-sensor data-based street built environment research. Second, the device’s power and storage capabilities make it portable, independent, and scalable, accelerating self-motivated development. Third, it dramatically reduces the cost. The device provides a methodological and technological basis for conceptualizing new research scenarios and potential applications.
Study on SR-Crossbar RF MEMS Switch Matrix Port Configuration Scheme with Optimized Consistency
Authors: Zhou Weiwei , Sheng Weixing , Yan Binyun
Published: May 2024

The performance consistency of an RF MEMS switch matrix is a crucial metric that directly impacts its operational lifespan. An improved crossbar-based RF MEMS switch matrix topology, SR-Crossbar, was investigated in this article. An optimized port configuration scheme was proposed for the RF MEMS switch matrix. Both the utilization probability of individual switch nodes and the path lengths in the switch matrix achieve their best consistency simultaneously under the proposed port configuration scheme. One significant advantage of this scheme lies in that it only adjusts the positions of the input and output ports, with the topology and individual switch nodes kept unchanged. This grants it a high level of generality and feasibility and also introduces an additional degree of freedom for optimizations. In this article, a universal utilization probability function of single nodes was constructed and an optimization objective function for the SR-Crossbar RF MEMS switch matrix was formulated, which provide a convenient approach to directly solving the optimized port configuration scheme for practical applications. Simulations to demonstrate the optimized dynamic and static consistencies were conducted. For an 8 × 8 SR-Crossbar switch matrix, the standard deviations of contact resistances of 128 units and losses of all 64 paths decreased from 1.00 and 0.42 to 0.51 and 0.23, respectively. These results aligned closely with theoretical calculations derived from the proposed model.
Enhanced Path Planning and Obstacle Avoidance Based on High-Precision Mapping and Positioning
Authors: Zhang Feng , Li Leijun , Xu Peiquan , Zhang Pengyu
Published: May 2024

High-precision positioning and multi-target detection have been proposed as key technologies for robotic path planning and obstacle avoidance. First, the Cartographer algorithm was used to generate high-quality maps. Then, the iterative nearest point (ICP) and the occupation probability algorithms were combined to scan and match the local point cloud, and the positions and attitudes of the robot were obtained. Furthermore, Sparse Matrix Pose Optimization was carried out to improve the positioning accuracy. The positioning accuracy of the robot in x and y directions was kept within 5 cm, the angle error was controlled within 2°, and the positioning time was reduced by 40%. An improved timing elastic band (TEB) algorithm was proposed to guide the robot to move safely and smoothly. A critical factor was introduced to adjust the distance between the waypoints and the obstacle, generating a safer trajectory, and increasing the constraint of acceleration and end speed; thus, smooth navigation of the robot to the target point was achieved. The experimental results showed that, in the case of multiple obstacles being present, the robot could choose the path with fewer obstacles, and the robot moved smoothly when facing turns and approaching the target point by reducing its overshoot. The proposed mapping, positioning, and improved TEB algorithms were effective for high-precision positioning and efficient multi-target detection.
Domestic Violence Victimization Risk Assessment in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cunha Daniela Rita Ribeiro , Leitão Maria Emília , Sani Ana Isabel
Published: May 2024

Background: Risk assessment is the process of collecting information towards the goal of protecting the physical and psychological integrity of the victim, taking into account factors associated with violence to assess the severity of violence, protect victims, and prevent recidivism. This type of risk assessment is commonly used in situations of domestic violence and needs to be adjusted for the contexts of child and adolescent victimization. Objective: Resources and standardized criteria to guide a child-centered domestic violence victimization risk assessment are lacking. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the instruments, risk factors and outcomes identified in the literature for situations of domestic violence involving children. Methods: Following the PRISMA protocol, 313 articles from the EBSCO, Web of Science and PubMed databases were screened and 13 were identified for analysis. Results: An analysis of the characteristics of some instruments created to assess the impact of domestic violence involving children shows that caregivers’ risk factors are strong predictors of child abuse, highlighting the interrelationship with other factors, as well as warning about the cumulative risk, including child homicide. Conclusions: The literature confirms the importance of family system factors regarding the risk of the mistreatment of children in situations of domestic violence. Risk assessment must cater to the needs and specificities of individual children.
A Study of Environmental Organizations in Puerto Rico Advocating for Social and Environmental Justice
Authors: Rodriguez Clara E. , Collins Carmen
Published: May 2024

After Hurricane Maria devastated Puerto Rico, we wanted to determine how the islanders viewed environmental organizations as part of an effort to understand the relationships between attitudes, institutions, and environmental and social justice issues. As a category 5 hurricane, Hurricane Maria was one of the strongest to hit Puerto Rico. Yet, the US mainstream media coverage of this and other environmental issues was lacking. From a total of 90 environmental organizations in Puerto Rico, we surveyed 19 that were active in the southwest of the island. We asked: (1) How do local people view environmental and social justice issues and (2) given their organizations’ efforts to deal with these issues, what are their successes? To address these questions, we developed a survey in English and Spanish and conducted personal and online interviews with 30 relevant individuals. Their most successful outcomes included: (1) educating and creating greater awareness of environmental issues; (2) introducing environmental changes into their communities; and (3) becoming and surviving as economically sustainable organizations. The results inform our understanding between environmental organizations and social and environmental justice in Puerto Rico and more broadly, because the organizations surveyed are at the center of fighting climate change and achieving environmental justice.
Performance Evaluation of Carbon-Neutral Cities Based on Fuzzy AHP and HFS-VIKOR
Authors: Yang Chun-Ming , Li Shiyao , Huang Ding-xuan , Lo Wei
Published: May 2024

Climate change threatens human survival and development. Cities, as the main gathering places for human production and life, serve as the focal points for the implementation of the policies related to energy efficiency, energy transition, and environmental protection. This study constructs an index system for the evaluation of carbon-neutral cities from the perspectives of carbon sources and carbon sinks. The system includes thirteen indicators under six dimensions. It combines objective and subjective data (i.e., statistical data and expert evaluations) by integrating two approaches: the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (fuzzy AHP) and vise kriterijumska optimizacija i kompromisno resenje with hesitant fuzzy sets (HFS-VIKOR). We verify the efficacy of the proposed approach through a case study of thirteen low-carbon pilot cities in China. The results indicate that among these cities, Shenzhen performs the best, followed by Guangzhou and Hangzhou, while Kunming, Baoding, and Tianjin show poor performance in terms of carbon neutrality. Kunming and Baoding exhibit shortcomings mainly in carbon sources, while Tianjin faces deficiencies in both carbon sources and carbon sinks. Sensitivity analysis and comparative analysis show the availability and effectiveness of the proposed method. The proposed radar chart further highlights the improvement directions for each city to achieve carbon neutrality.
Recovery of Ag(I) from Wastewater by Adsorption: Status and Challenges
Authors: Wang Qiang , Li Mengling , Xi Meng , Zhao Mengyuan , Wang Xiaotong , Chen Xiaoyu , Ding Lin
Published: May 2024

Untreated or inadequately treated silver−containing wastewater may pose adverse effects on hu−man health and the ecological environment. Currently, significant progress has been made in the treatment of Ag(I) in wastewater using adsorption methods, with adsorbents playing a pivotal role in this process. This paper provides a systematic review of various adsorbents for the recovery and treatment of Ag(I) in wastewater, including MOFs, COFs, transition metal sulfides, metal oxides, biomass materials, and other polymeric materials. The adsorption mechanisms of these materials for Ag(I) are elaborated upon, along with the challenges currently faced. Furthermore, insights into optimizing adsorbents and developing novel adsorbents are proposed in this study.
The Role of Life Stages in the Sensitivity of Hediste diversicolor to Nanoplastics: A Case Study with Poly(Methyl)Methacrylate (PMMA)
Authors: Neves Beatriz , Oliveira Miguel , Frazão Carolina , Almeida Mónica , Pinto Ricardo J. B. , Figueira Etelvina , Pires Adília
Published: May 2024

The presence of plastic particles in oceans has been recognized as a major environmental concern. The decrease in particle size increases their ability to directly interact with biota, with particles in the nanometer size range (nanoplastics—NPs) displaying a higher ability to penetrate biological membranes, which increases with the decrease in particle size. This study aimed to evaluate the role of life stages in the effects of poly(methyl)methacrylate (PMMA) NPs on the polychaete Hediste diversicolor, a key species in the marine food web and nutrient cycle. Thus, behavioral (burrowing activity in clean and spiked sediment) and biochemical endpoints (neurotransmission, energy reserves, antioxidant defenses, and oxidative damage) were assessed in juvenile and adult organisms after 10 days of exposure to spiked sediment (between 0.5 and 128 mg PMMA NPs/Kg sediment). Overall, the results show that H. diversicolor is sensitive to the presence of PMMA NPs. In juveniles, exposed organisms took longer to burrow in sediment, with significant differences from the controls being observed at all tested concentrations when the test was performed with clean sediment, whereas in PMMA NP-spiked sediment, effects were only found at the concentrations 8, 32, and 128 mg PMMA NPs/Kg sediment. Adults displayed lower sensitivity, with differences to controls being found, for both sediment types, at 8, 32, and 128 mg PMMA NPs/Kg sediment. In terms of Acetylcholinesterase, used as a marker of effects on neurotransmission, juveniles and adults displayed opposite trends, with exposed juveniles displaying increased activity (suggesting apoptosis), whereas in adults, overall decreased activity was found. Energy-related parameters revealed a generally similar pattern (increase in exposed organisms) and higher sensitivity in juveniles (significant effects even at the lower concentrations). NPs also demonstrated the ability to increase antioxidant defenses (higher in juveniles), with oxidative damage only being found in terms of protein carbonylation (all tested NPs conditions) in juveniles. Overall, the data reveal the potential of PMMA NPs to affect behavior and induce toxic effects in H. diversicolor, with greater effects in juveniles.
Degradation of Bisphenol A by Nitrogen-Rich ZIF-8-Derived Carbon Materials-Activated Peroxymonosulfate
Authors: Tang Xiaofeng , Xue Hanqing , Li Jiawen , Wang Shengnan , Yu Jie , Zeng Tao
Published: May 2024

Bisphenol A (BPA), representing a class of organic pollutants, finds extensive applications in the pharmaceutical industry. However, its widespread use poses a significant hazard to both ecosystem integrity and human health. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) based on peroxymonosulfate (PMS) via heterogeneous catalysts are frequently proposed for treating persistent pollutants. In this study, the degradation performance of BPA in an oxidation system of PMS activated by transition metal sites anchored nitrogen-doped carbonaceous substrate (M-N-C) materials was investigated. As heterogeneous catalysts targeting the activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS), M-N-C materials emerge as promising contenders poised to overcome the limitations encountered with traditional carbon materials, which often exhibit insufficient activity in the PMS activation process. Nevertheless, the amalgamation of metal sites during the synthesis process presents a formidable challenge to the structural design of M-N-C. Herein, employing ZIF-8 as the precursor of carbonaceous support, metal ions can readily penetrate the cage structure of the substrate, and the N-rich linkers serve as effective ligands for anchoring metal cations, thereby overcoming the awkward limitation. The research results of this study indicate BPA in water matrix can be effectively removed in the M-N-C/PMS system, in which the obtained nitrogen-rich ZIF-8-derived Cu-N-C presented excellent activity and stability on the PMS activation, as well as the outstanding resistance towards the variation of environmental factors. Moreover, the biological toxicity of BPA and its degradation intermediates were investigated via the Toxicity Estimation Software Tool (T.E.S.T.) based on the ECOSAR system.
Japanese Encephalitis Virus and Schizophyllum commune Co-Infection in a Harbor Seal in Japan
Authors: Fujii Marina , Ito Soma , Katsumata Etsuko , Chambers James K. , Matsugo Hiromichi , Takenaka-Uema Akiko , Murakami Shin , Uchida Kazuyuki , Horimoto Taisuke
Published: May 2024

The Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, has a wide host range, extending from pigs and ardeid birds to opportunistic dead-end hosts, such as humans and horses. However, JEV encephalitis infections in aquatic mammals are rare, with only two cases in seals reported to date. Here, we report a lethal case of JEV and Schizophyllum commune co-infection in an aquarium-housed harbor seal in Japan. We isolated JEV from the brain of the dead seal and characterized its phylogeny and pathogenicity in mice. The virus isolate from the seal was classified as genotype GIb, which aligns with recent Japanese human and mosquito isolates as well as other seal viruses detected in China and Korea, and does not exhibit a unique sequence trait distinct from that of human and mosquito strains. We demonstrated that the seal isolate is pathogenic to mice and causes neuronal symptoms. These data suggest that seals should be considered a susceptible dead-end host for circulating JEV in natural settings.
Polystyrene Plastic Particles Result in Adverse Outcomes for Hyalella azteca When Exposed at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Biefel Felix , Brander Susanne M. , Connon Richard E. , Geist Juergen
Published: May 2024

Micro- and nano-plastics are pervasive pollutants in global ecosystems, yet their interactions with aquatic wildlife and abiotic factors are poorly understood. These particles are recognized to cause subtle detrimental effects, underscoring the necessity for sensitive endpoints in ecotoxicological exposure studies. We investigated the effects of particle uptake, size, and temperature on Hyalella azteca. Organisms were exposed to blue fluorescent polystyrene beads (500 nm and 1000 nm in diameter) at 0.43 mg/L for 96 h at temperatures mirroring climate predictions (21 °C, 24 °C, 27 °C). Besides survival and growth, particle uptake, visualized via confocal microscopy, and swimming behavior were analyzed. Mortality rates increased at 27 °C, and particle presence and temperature affected organism growth. Particle treatments influenced various behaviors (thigmotaxis, cruising, movement, acceleration, meander, zone alternation, and turn angle), with hypoactivity observed with 1000 nm particles and hypo- as well as hyper-activity responses with 500 nm particles. Particle uptake quantities were variable and increased with temperature in 500 nm treatments, but no migration beyond the gut was observed. Particle size correlated with uptake, and relationships with behavior were evident. Elevated temperatures exacerbated particle effects, highlighting the urgency of addressing plastic pollution in light of climate change for aquatic organism welfare and ecosystem health.
Enhanced Nitrate Nitrogen Removal from Constructed Wetland via Fe3O4/Granular Activated Carbon Anode Microbial Electrolysis Cell under Low C/N Ratio
Authors: Yang Heng , Tan Shenyu , Huang Yu , Tang Xinhua
Published: May 2024

In this study, a constructed wetland–Fe3O4/granular activated carbon anode microbial electrolysis cell (CW-FMEC) was constructed to enhance denitrification in low COD/N ratio wastewater. The introduction of Fe3O4 boosted the expression of functional genes involved in the denitrification pathway, and the abundance of narG, nirS, and nosZ increased by 99.29%, 70.54%, and 132.18%, respectively, compared to CW. In addition, the content of c-type cytochromes (c-Cyts) and EPS were also enhanced in the CW-FMEC. The microbial communities study displayed that Thauera, Dechloromonas, and Arenimonas became the main genera for denitrification. The denitrification performance at different COD/N ratios was investigated in depth. Under optimal working circumstances, the CW-FMEC had an excellent nitrate removal rate (88.9% ± 1.12%) while accumulating nearly no NO2−-N or NH4+-N in the effluent. This study provides a new direction for the development of CW-MEC and accelerates its implementation.
Study on the Typical Environmental Factors in the Middle Part of Zhoushan Fishery Based on HY-1C/D and Other Multi-Source Data
Authors: Zhang Xinkai , Cai Lina , Yu Menghan , Tang Rong
Published: May 2024

This study utilizes satellite data, including HY-1C/D, along with reanalysis data, to unveil the typical environmental characteristics of the sea surface in the middle of Zhoushan fishery. The article addresses three main issues. The first one is the development of an ocean primary productivity (OPP) inversion algorithm model. The second one is the study of chlorophyll-α (Chl-α) concentration and OPP distribution characteristics in Zhoushan fishery using China’s domestically produced ocean satellite HY-1C/D CZI data. The last one is the revelation of the characteristics of typical environmental factors on the sea surface at Zhoushan fishery by combining HY-1C/D with multi-source data. The results show the following: (1) The middle part of Zhoushan fishery exhibits significant seasonal and regional variations in Chl-α concentration and OPP. Chl-α concentration ranges mainly between 0.2 and 2.9 µg/L, with higher concentrations in spring and summer and lower Chl-α concentrations in autumn and winter. Spatially, Chl-α concentration gradually decreases from west to east. The OPP in the study area ranges from 100 mg·m−2d−1 to 1000 mg·m−2d−1, with high OPP values distributed on the western side, ranging from 400 mg·m−2d−1 to 1000 mg·m−2d−1, and gradually decreasing seaward. The highest OPP occurs in summer and the lowest in winter. (2) The correlation analysis between Chl-α concentration and OPP revealed a strong positive relationship. Consequently, this study developed an empirical model for estimating OPP based on Chl-α concentration and validated its feasibility. The model applies to areas with Chl-α concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 4 µg/L. (3) The convergence of freshwater injection, multiple ocean currents, and seasonal upwelling in the study area brings about a rich supply of nutrients. Additionally, the region is characterized by suitable conditions, including optimal Chl-α concentrations, OPP, SST, salinity, currents, and geological water depths. The synergistic effect of these factors together contributed to the formation of Zhoushan fishery.
Effect of Irrigation Water Quality and Soil Compost Treatment on Salinity Management to Improve Soil Health and Plant Yield
Authors: Suvendran Subanky , Johnson David , Acevedo Miguel , Smithers Breana , Xu Pei
Published: May 2024

Increasing soil salinity and degraded irrigation water quality are major challenges for agriculture. This study investigated the effects of irrigation water quality and incorporating compost (3% dry mass in soil) on minimizing soil salinization and promoting sustainable cropping systems. A greenhouse study used brackish water (electrical conductivity of 2010 µS/cm) and agricultural water (792 µS/cm) to irrigate Dundale pea and clay loam soil. Compost treatment enhanced soil water retention with soil moisture content above 0.280 m3/m3, increased plant carbon assimilation by ~30%, improved plant growth by >50%, and reduced NO3− leaching from the soil by 16% and 23.5% for agricultural and brackish water irrigation, respectively. Compared to no compost treatment, the compost-incorporated soil irrigated with brackish water showed the highest plant growth by increasing plant fresh weight by 64%, dry weight by 50%, root length by 121%, and plant height by 16%. Compost treatment reduced soil sodicity during brackish water irrigation by promoting the leaching of Cl− and Na+ from the soil. Compost treatment provides an environmentally sustainable approach to managing soil salinity, remediating the impact of brackish water irrigation, improving soil organic matter, enhancing the availability of water and nutrients to plants, and increasing plant growth and carbon sequestration potential.
Analisis Pengaruh Endorsement Influencer / Artis terhadap Penggunaan Judi Online pada Generasi Millennial atau Z di Media Sosial
Authors: Gabriela Feilincya , Effendi Ilman Akbar , Dewi Rossita
Published: May 2024

In the current era of globalization, the rapid development of social media is evident. Social media functions not only as an online medium facilitating social connections but also strengthens relationships among users. The use of social media as a promotional tool is prevalent, particularly on platforms like Instagram and TikTok. However, it is crucial to note that the use of social media for promotional activities by artists or influencers can have a significant impact, especially on the millennial and Generation Z populations, particularly when endorsing products or services related to online gambling or illegal activities. This research aims to analyze the phenomenon of influencer endorsements and their association with the use of online gambling among millennials and Generation Z through social media. The research methodology employed is qualitative, utilizing data collection techniques such as interviews, observations, and documentation. The study participants consist of four individuals representing the millennial and Generation Z demographics. The research findings indicate that influencers have a substantial impact on influencing the interest of millennials and Generation Z in online gambling. Additionally, social media algorithms tend to display video advertisements promoting online gambling featuring these influencers. In conclusion, the influence of influencers and social media algorithms can significantly affect the attitudes and behaviors of millennials and Generation Z regarding online gambling endorsements.
Rekonstruksi Paradigma Penegakan Hukum Tindak Pidana Korupsi Di Bidang Bisnis
Authors: Anwar Mashuril , Lilyana Besti , Zatika Dinda Anna , Syahputra Destu Rizky
Published: May 2024

This article aims to evaluate the law enforcement paradigm for criminal acts of corruption in the business sector. The problem focuses on law enforcement against criminal acts of corruption in the business sector in Indonesia today, as well as the ideal construction of overcoming criminal acts of corruption in the business sector. In order to answer these problems, this research uses a normative approach with qualitative analysis. Based on the results of the investigation and discussion, this study concludes that law enforcement against criminal acts of corruption in the business sector in Indonesia currently tends to be formally legalistic. Such law enforcement results in less than optimal recovery of state losses and makes the state "overdrawn" because the costs of handling cases are more significant than the state losses recovered. The ideal construction of overcoming criminal acts of corruption in the business sector requires a multidisciplinary approach by integrating non-penal penal processes that are not counterproductive to the development of business transactions. The non-penal process emphasizes prevention efforts, while the penal process emphasizes efforts to recover state losses using criminal, civil, and administrative legal instruments.
Analisis Pelanggaran Kode Etik Anggota Kelompok Penyelenggara Pemungutan Suara dalam Pemilihan Gubernur Sumatera Barat 2020 di Tempat Pemungutan Suara 1 Desa Salak, Kota Sawahlunto
Authors: Sumarni Sumarni , Putri Indah Adi , Zetra Aidinil
Published: May 2024

Abstract This research aims to describe the process of ethical code violations and analyze the factors causing ethical code violations by members of the Polling Organizers Group (KPPS) in the 2020 West Sumatra Governor Election at Polling Station (TPS) 1 in Salak Village, Talawi Sub-District, Sawahlunto City. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with a case study method. The theory used is election malpractice. The results of the study show that there were violations of the ethical code committed by KPPS members at TPS 1 in Salak Village due to the non-compliance of KPPS members in following the rules before the voting process. Violations occurred because KPPS members had not prepared the ballot tools in the voting booth. Voters were not well-informed about the correct voting procedures according to regulations. Factors causing ethical code violations by KPPS members at TPS 1 in Salak Village, Sawahlunto, include KPPS members' inability to work professionally, their limited understanding of the election regulations, insufficient supervision by Polling Station Supervisors (PTPS) during the voting process, lack of communication and coordination between KPPS officers and PTPS, Polling Station Committees (PPS), and Sub-District Election Committees (PPK), as well as inadequate quality of resources and training for KPPS.
Cadherin 17 Nanobody-Mediated Near-Infrared-II Fluorescence Imaging-Guided Surgery and Immunotoxin Delivery for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Ding Youbin , Zhou Runhua , Shi Guangwei , Jiang Yuke , Li Zhifen , Xu Xiaolong , Ma Jingbo , Huang Jingnan , Fu Chunjin , Zhou Hongchao , Wang Huifang , Li Jiexuan , Dong Zhiyu , Yu Qingling , Jiang Kexin , An Yehai , Liu Yawei , Li Yilei , Yu Le , Li Zhijie , Zhang Xiaodong , Wang Jigang
Published: May 2024

Surgery and targeted therapy are of equal importance for colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment. However, complete CRC tumor resection remains challenging, and new targeted agents are also needed for efficient CRC treatment. Cadherin 17 (CDH17) is a membrane protein that is highly expressed in CRC and, therefore, is an ideal target for imaging-guided surgery and therapeutics. This study utilizes CDH17 nanobody (E8-Nb) with the near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye IRDye800CW to construct a NIR-II fluorescent probe, E8-Nb-IR800CW, and a Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE)-based immunotoxin, E8-Nb-PE38, to evaluate their performance for CRC imaging, imaging-guided precise tumor excision, and antitumor effects. Our results show that E8-Nb-IR800CW efficiently recognizes CDH17 in CRC cells and tumor tissues, produces high-quality NIR-II images for CRC tumors, and enables precise tumor removal guided by NIR-II imaging. Additionally, fluorescent imaging confirms the targeting ability and specificity of the immunotoxin toward CDH17-positive tumors, providing the direct visible evidence for immunotoxin therapy. E8-Nb-PE38 immunotoxin markedly delays the growth of CRC through the induction of apoptosis and immunogenic cell death (ICD) in multiple CRC tumor models. Furthermore, E8-Nb-PE38 combined with 5-FU exerts synergistically antitumor effects and extends survival. This study highlights CDH17 as a promising target for CRC imaging, imaging-guided surgery, and drug delivery. Nanobodies targeting CDH17 hold great potential to construct NIR-II fluorescent probes for surgery navigation, and PE-based toxins fused with CDH17 nanobodies represent a novel therapeutic strategy for CRC treatment. Further investigation is warranted to validate these findings for potential clinical translation.
Advances in Noninvasive Molecular Imaging Probes for Liver Fibrosis Diagnosis
Authors: Chen Shaofang , Zhuang Danping , Jia Qingyun , Guo Bing , Hu Genwen
Published: May 2024

Liver fibrosis is a wound-healing response to chronic liver injury, which may lead to cirrhosis and cancer. Early-stage fibrosis is reversible, and it is difficult to precisely diagnose with conventional imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, and ultrasound imaging. In contrast, probe-assisted molecular imaging offers a promising noninvasive approach to visualize early fibrosis changes in vivo, thus facilitating early diagnosis and staging liver fibrosis, and even monitoring of the treatment response. Here, the most recent progress in molecular imaging technologies for liver fibrosis is updated. We start by illustrating pathogenesis for liver fibrosis, which includes capillarization of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, cellular and molecular processes involved in inflammation and fibrogenesis, as well as processes of collagen synthesis, oxidation, and cross-linking. Furthermore, the biological targets used in molecular imaging of liver fibrosis are summarized, which are composed of receptors on hepatic stellate cells, macrophages, and even liver collagen. Notably, the focus is on insights into the advances in imaging modalities developed for liver fibrosis diagnosis and the update in the corresponding contrast agents. In addition, challenges and opportunities for future research and clinical translation of the molecular imaging modalities and the contrast agents are pointed out. We hope that this review would serve as a guide for scientists and students who are interested in liver fibrosis imaging and treatment, and as well expedite the translation of molecular imaging technologies from bench to bedside.
Industry sector’s influence on the narratives in environmental disclosures in the opinion of reports preparers. Evidence from Poland
Authors: Bąk Melania , Strojek-Filus Marzena , Bąk Andrzej
Published: May 2024

The narrative phenomenon in accounting concerns, i.e., the disclosure of environmental information and the impression management of stakeholders. The study examines and assesses the dependence between the company’s industry of activity and the narration perception adopted by the preparers of environmental reports, in particular, the impression management techniques used. To achieve the purpose of the article, an in-depth survey was conducted covering a non-random sample of the employees of Polish enterprises involved in the preparation and reporting of environmental information. Contingency tables and association measures for categorical variables were used in the statistical analysis of the survey data. The analysis results of the collected empirical data confirmed that the company’s industry of activity impacts the way report preparers evaluate the scope and apply narrative strategies, especially impression management techniques. The research expands knowledge on the perception of the importance of environmental disclosures and the issue of environmental narrative practices from an enterprise perspective. The results of the analysis indicated a level of pro-environmental awareness and confirmed the knowledge of narrative strategies and techniques. This study contributes to the discussion on the effects of environmental narrative in accounting, offering yet another element of the current practice diagnosis in this area in Poland.
Aplikasi Augmented Reality sebagai Media Edukasi Monumen Bersejarah di Indonesia
Authors: Nurachman Dheni Septian , Hidayat Eka Wahyu , Dewi Euis Nur Fitriani
Published: May 2024

Indonesia has many monuments spread from Sabang to Merauke, because of the many historical events. So, to be able to explore the historical monuments spread across Indonesia, can only be done by visiting the region, so not all levels of people can easily visit all regions of Indonesia. Based on these problems, an application was created which aims to be an educational medium for introducing historical monuments in Indonesia using Augmented Reality technology. By utilizing Augmented Reality as an interactive educational medium, it is hoped that it can increase interest in learning from many groups by using smartphones to introduce historical monuments in Indonesia and obtain information and visualization with 3D objects. The research method that will be used in this research has four stages including data collection, application design and application creation, evaluation and conclusions. Application design uses Augmented Reality technology with the MDLC (Multi-media Development Life Cycle) approach method. Based on the results of Black Box testing, all functional systems in the application can function properly. The final results of the evaluation using the System Usability Scale (SUS) testing method with 30 respondents received a score of 77.166. So, it can be concluded from this assessment that the Augmented Reality application as an educational medium for historical monuments in Indonesia in the adjective rating category is GOOD with a grade scale of C, which means usability based on the data obtained has received an acceptable level of acceptance. So this application can be said to be suitable for use.
Multiple-angle incidence resolution spectrometry: applications in nanoarchitectonics and applied physics
Authors: Shioya Nobutaka , Mori Taizo , Ariga Katsuhiko , Hasegawa Takeshi
Published: May 2024

Cutting-edge thin film studies using multiple-angle incidence resolution spectrometry (MAIRS) are introduced from the principle to forefront applications in a wide variety of research fields covering semiconductor material with respect to nanoarchitectonics. MAIRS basically reveals quantitatively optical anisotropy in thin films, which is mostly used for quantitative molecular orientation analysis of each chemical group for chemistry purposes. This works powerfully especially when the material has poor crystallinity that cannot be analyzed by X-ray diffraction. As a matter of fact, MAIRS works in a role that compensates for the diffraction techniques, and the combination of MAIRS and the diffraction techniques has already been established as the most powerful technique not to miss the molecular aggregation structure in thin films. In this review, in addition, another application for physics purposes is also introduced where phonon in thin films is discriminated from normal infrared absorption bands by using the MAIRS technique.
Az európai védelmi architektúra jövője
Authors: Böröndi Gábor
Published: May 2024

A 22. Berlini Biztonságpolitikai Konferenciát 2023. november 29–30-án tartották a német fővárosban ,,Európa és a NATO – Az elkötelezettség és az ellenálló képesség erősítése” címmel. A tanácskozáson panelelőadást tartott dr. Böröndi Gábor vezérezredes, a Honvéd Vezérkar főnöke. Az alábbiakban közreadjuk előadása magyar nyelvű, szerkesztett változatát.
Veszélyes egyensúlypolitika – Oroszország és Törökország viszonya
Authors: Adorján Zsuzsanna
Published: May 2024

A két egykori birodalmat, Oroszországot és Törökországot geopolitikai helyzetük évszázados versengésre ítélte. A történelem folyamán érdekük időről időre hol szembeállította, hol pedig kiegyezésre késztette a feleket. A viszonylag kiegyensúlyozott pragmatizmust valójában csak Putyin és Erdoğan hatalomra kerülése hozta el, ugyanis a felek legfontosabb érdeke az volt, hogy az esetleges érdekütközések során a gazdasági és az energiapolitikai kapcsolatok ne szenvedjenek kárt. Időközben azonban az Amerikai Egyesült Államok viszonya Oroszországgal mélypontra süllyedt, és Ankarával is egyre több konfliktusa támadt annak Moszkvával fenntartott jó kapcsolata miatt. Erdoğan pedig mindvégig igyekezett úgy lavírozni a szemben álló hatalmak között, hogy az valójában Törökország érdekeit szolgálja. Az elemzés ennek a már olykor kiélezett egyensúlypolitikának a hátterét igyekszik bemutatni.
Design and Implementation of a DC to AC Power Electronics-Based Inverter that Produces Pure Sine Wave Output for Critical Engineering Applications
Authors: Mubeezi Conceptar , Kalyankolo Umaru , Eze Val Hyginus Udoka , Okafor O. Wisdom
Published: May 2024

Power inverters play a crucial role in the field of engineering, particularly in applications where power stability is imperative. In devices such as Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS), the conversion of raw power to DC, subsequent filtering, and inversion to AC are executed through pure sine wave inverters. These inverters exhibit remarkable stability, making them ideal for powering sensitive equipment like data switches and Remote Terminal Units (RTUs). This study delves into the intricate process of converting DC power into a pristine sine wave signal. The heart of this power conversion lies in the utilization of the KA3525A integrated circuit (IC) in conjunction with MOSFETs of the PN55 series, supported by capacitors and resistors for effective power filtration. The KA3525A, a monolithic IC, encompasses all essential control circuits for a pulse width modulating regulator. Within this IC, a voltage reference, error amplifier, pulse width modulator, oscillator, under-voltage lockout, soft start circuit, and output driver collaborate seamlessly. The MOSFETs function as switches, synchronized with the oscillating signal from the KA3525A IC. This coordination, combined with the filter and other signal conditioning units, enables the conversion process. The design achieves the conversion of raw power into a stable pure sine wave signal of 170V AC at the H-bridge terminals, demonstrating the success of the designed approach.
ASSOCIATION OF OBESITY AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AMONG COLLEGE GOING GIRLS
Authors: Srishti Srishti , Pareek Navita
Published: May 2024

Obesity is a signicant risk factor for numerous severe chronic illnesses, such as osteoarthritis,
dyslipidaemia, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and various types of cancer. One
of the primary risk factors for overweight and obesity is a lack of physical activity. The aim of present study was to ascertain
whether obesity and physical activity are related. For this study 300 female college students (18-24 years), residing in campus
hostels, were selected from 10 different colleges of Uttarakhand state, India. Anthropometric indices of BMI were calculated for
all subjects following standard techniques. The data collected about the time spent on each activity (sleeping, occupational
and non- occupational) was used to compute physical activity level (PAL) values using physical activity ratio (PAR) given by
ICMR, (2020). It was found that 18.6% were underweight, 51.6% were normal weight and 29.8% were overweight/ obese.
Majority of the subjects (64.7%) were sedentary active, 35.3% were moderately active and none of the subject was under the
category of heavy activity. There was statistically signicant association between physical inactivity and prevalence of
overweight as well as obesity. Results were indicative of a strong association the of obesity and physical activity. Measures need
to be taken for the awareness of maintaining healthy weight and appropriate physical activity to ensure the well-being of young
population.
SUCCESS OF EARLY AGE FRONTALIS FLAP ADVANCEMENT SURGERY FOR CONGENITAL BLEPHAROPTOSIS WITH POOR LEVATOR FUNCTION: A CASE REPORT.
Authors: Renge Nitin , Murade Sujit , Ranjalkar Apurva , Thakkar Prasanna Shah
Published: May 2024

Congenital blepharoptosis is a well-known condition presenting with abnormal low-lying upper eyelid
margin when eye is in primary gaze. Its often challenging to lift upper eyelid, usually due to congenital
impairment in the levator function, namely levator muscle dysgenesis. Congenital blepharoptosis results in partial or complete
obstruction of visual axis due to descended eyelid margin and this eventually develops various habits in patients like extending
head, frowning, and shrugging when they attempt to look at an object. Congenital blepharoptosis affects normal development
of the cervical spine as well with possible dysfunctions like deprivation amblyopia, myopia and astigmatism. Frontalis
suspension is considered surgery of choice for blepharoptosis, particularly with poor levator function. This procedure involves
creating a linkage between frontalis muscle and tarsus. Here we report an interesting case with severe bilateral congenital
blepharoptosis in younger patient who underwent frontalis ap advancement s
SERIAL EVALUATION OF SOFA SCORE FOR PREDICTING OUTCOME IN CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS ADMITTED IN MEDICAL ICU
Authors: Khuman Komal , Sheth Vidish , Parmar Raumil
Published: May 2024

Sepsis is a life threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host response to infection. The
incidence of sepsis related mortality is 85% in Indian ICU. The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment
(SOFA) score is a simple and objective score in patients of sepsis admitted in ICU. The aim of this study was to determine the
usefulness of Serial SOFA Score and DELTA SOFA Score for prediction of the outcome in patients with severe sepsis admitted in
Medical ICU. SOFA Score on admission to ICU, at 48 hours, at 96 hours and DELTA SOFA Score were calculated. Study showed
that increase in Serial SOFA Score of 12 and above at 48 hour is associated with high mortality (92.85% mortality). The Serial
SOFA Score of 12 and above at 96 hours is associated with a 95.23% mortality. SOFA score at 48 hours and 96 hours as well as
DELTA SOFA score are useful predictors of outcome as compared to SOFA score at admission. In this study, SOFA 48 hours, 96
hours, DELTA SOFA showed mortality with P value <0.001 which is statistically signicant. Hence use of Serial SOFA score and
DELTA SOFA score are good predictors of outcome in patients of sepsis.