bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of the distance and test angle on the precision of infrared temperature measurement
Authors: Liu Hui , Shen Hao , Ci Wenbin , Qi Zhao , Zhou Chao , Yao Jinxia , Shen Qinghe , Liu Chuanbin
Published: February 2022

The target distance and test angle are the main factors that affect the accuracy of infrared temperature measurement. To study the infrared temperature measurement precision of different heat source intensities at different distances and test angles, a temperature measurement test with built-in heat source within the rod of the insulator was designed. By setting four different heat source temperatures on the heating film, the temperature data were collected by infrared camera at the distances of 3, 6, 9, 12 m and 15 m and three test angles of 0 °, 90° and 180°, respectively, and the variation law of the measurement results was analysed. The main conclusions are as follows. As the distance increases, the measured values basically show a downward trend. When the distance reaches 12 m, the temperature fluctuates significantly. When the angle between the observation direction and the heat source is 0 °, the measurement value is the highest, followed by the 90° direction, and the lowest is the 180° direction, which indicates that the test angle has an obvious influence on the measurement results. With the increase of heat source temperature, the infrared temperature measurement value increases gradually and tends to be saturated. When an infrared device is adopted to measure the temperature of the insulators in service, it is necessary to pay attention to the influence of the distance and angle on the value in engineering practice.
Research on access rules and flexibility evaluation index system of ancillary service market in China
Authors: Gong Wei , Jiang Wei , Zhou Huipo , Le Ying , Guo Chao , Xu Kangxuan , Sun Xiaocong
Published: February 2022

In high renewable energy penetrated power systems, the flexibility of power system resources is indispensable. With the implementation of domestic ancillary service markets, the revenue of ancillary services provided by generating units is gradually changing from the planned mode to the market mode. Moreover, the access threshold for generating units to participate in the ancillary service market has changed. At the same time, the flexibility of generating units has a great impact on the revenue of the ancillary service market. Therefore, this paper summarizes the flexibility requirements of typical pilot areas in China for generating units to participate in ancillary service markets. Then, the corresponding flexibility evaluation indexes of different ancillary services are sorted out and the flexibility evaluation model is developed to evaluate the flexibility ability of power generation enterprises scientifically. The flexibility evaluation system proposed in this paper can effectively evaluate the flexibility capability of generating units and conduct its flexibility enhancement.
Design and development of code for emergency action level in a reprocessing plant
Authors: Wang Renze , Liang Boning , Yang Yapeng , Feng Zongyang , Jia Linsheng , Wang Ning , Liu Yining
Published: February 2022

Emergency action level (EAL) development is an important tool of emergency decision-making support; EAL is an important basis for emergency response of reprocessing plants. The method recommended by DOE to determine EAL is emergency planning hazards assessment (EPHA). Based on the EPHA methodology, development method of EAL for a reprocessing plant was proposed and then the method was applied and the results were analyzed and utilized. Based on the EAL matrix of a reprocessing plant, an EAL code was designed, programmed and tested. Design of the code mainly includes data grouping, flowchart drawing, frame layer design and presentation layer design. Specifically, data was grouped into 25 groups based on the actual acquisition of data and requirements of judgments for EALs, and flowcharts includes the main flowchart, the automatic judgment flowchart and the manual judgment flowchart. The core judgment module of code for emergency action level in a reprocessing plant was coded by FORTRAN language, and the user interface was developed by Java language. EALs could be determined by relevant characteristic data. Tests are divided into internal tests of the functional module and third-party independent tests. The present results show that the code is exact and reliable, and then the code could be an important auxiliary tool for emergency preparedness and response.
Utilization of tidal current and wave energy help the implement of the carbon emissions peak and carbon neutrality strategy in China
Authors: Zhang Duo , Ma Changlei
Published: February 2022

The resources of ocean energy including the wave energy, the tidal range energy, the tidal current energy, the Ocean Thermal Energy, the salinity gradient energy and the offshore wind energy are abundant in China. The paper introduces the tidal current and wave energy for their relative high technology readiness level. The technical potential just in the coastal area is more than 70 GW with additional potential in remote sea areas. The utilization of marine renewable energy resources provides a potential and essential road to reach the reduction of the carbon emission. According to the national strategy, such as the Renewable Energy Law implemented from 2006 and revised in 2010, the special fund program for ocean energy was established from 2010 and has advanced the progress of ocean energy technology research, development and demonstration since then. The ocean energy technologies achieved rapid development under the support of the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Natural Resources, the Ministry of Finance and so on. The accumulated installed capacity of ocean energy is leading internationally, but the industry is still in a low level. The carbon emissions peak and carbon neutrality strategy put forward in China requires the transition to green electricity, which also provides crucial opportunity for the development of marine renewable energy resources. The paper introduces the status of tidal current and wave energy technology and industry in China. Then, the problems and opportunities are analysed. The potential of utilization of tidal current and wave energy is estimated to support carbon emission reduction. Finally, the vision and main tasks are given.
Research on power distribution of battery clusters of electrochemical energy storage system in the frequency regulation process
Authors: Li Jia , Wang Songhan , Si Ruicai , Wang Zhongyan , Liu Xiwen , Yao Zhuohong , Zhou Chi
Published: February 2022

In recent years, a large number of electrochemical energy storage projects have gradually emerged and capability of battery is also becoming central issue for research. The battery control strategy directly affects the response to AGC (Automatic Generation Control). If the control is improper, it is easy to cause the remaining power of each battery cluster unbalanced and influence the battery life. This article mainly focuses on the research on the distribution of power commands from the battery management system, and proposes a power distribution method. The method was put into practice in an energy storage project which got good results.
Evaluation research on the regional green development——take Liuzhou, Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region as an example
Authors: Gan Hui , Cai Ya’nan , Huang Xia , Du Desheng
Published: February 2022

The Green Economy Development is an inevitable way for cities to develop with high quality. Based on the theoretical connotation of green development and the actual development of Liuzhou in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, this paper constructed a regional green development level evaluation index system from three aspects: economic development, sustainability and green development capabilities. Criteria Importance Through Inter-criteria Correlation (CRITIC) method was applied to measure and analyze the level of green development of Liuzhou City. From 2011 to 2018, the total level of green development of Liuzhou showed a fluctuated upward trend. Among them, the total level from 2011 to 2012 showed an upward trend, and it fell back from 2012 to 2013, then the total level increased greatly from 2013 to 2017 and decreased slightly from 2017 to 2018, and the peak of 0.572 appeared in 2017. The following suggestions were put forward based on the analysis. First, Liuzhou should promote the high-quality development of the tertiary industry, accelerate the transformation of the industrial structure, and set the appropriate fixed asset investment target. Second, Liuzhou should promote energy conservation and emission reduction, increase environmental protection, and focus on the concentration of atmospheric particulate matter and the comprehensive utilization rate of industrial solid waste. Finally, Liuzhou should increase funding for scientific and technological research and pay attention to talent introduction and training.
Analysis on the influencing factors of residents dispose of discarded masks base on Probit regression model
Authors: Yang Lijun , Fang Weicheng , Zheng Shuosi , Huang Xinqi
Published: February 2022

Objective Understanding the influencing factors of discarded masks disposed by residents in Dongguan City during the period of COVID-19 epidemic, so as to provide basis for avoiding the environmental pollution caused by discarded masks in the future. Methods Using random sampling way to make an Internet questionnaire survey among 1042 permanent residents in Dongguan city and using Probit regression model to analyze the current situation and influencing factors of disposing the discarded masks. Results The installation of disposal bins, residents’ environmental concern level and education level positively influenced the residents’ disposal behavior, while the residents’ age and total household size negatively influenced the residents’ willingness to dispose. These influencing factors are basically consistent with those derived from other scholars’ studies on residents’ willingness to dispose of household waste, it shows that residents do not treat the disposal of discarded masks differently from other household waste and ignore the potential environmental hazards of discarded masks. Conclusion In order to motivate residents to properly dispose of discarded masks, it is necessary to clarify and standardize the requirements for discarded mask disposal and increase publicity to enhance the public’s awareness of environmental concerns and hygiene. To avoid environmental problems such as microplastics brought by discarded masks, disposable masks should be replaced by reusable elastic respirators; the use of polypropylene in masks should be reduced; new mask materials should be developed.
Impact of carbon tax on oil and gas fiscal system: an integrated evaluation model
Authors: Yi Jiexin , Zhao Zhe , Peng Yun , Liang Tao , Li Jia , Chen Huimin , Liu Chenye
Published: February 2022

This paper estimates the impact of the carbon tax on oil and gas fiscal system. Carbon tax is regarded as the widely used mechanism for carbon policy. However, few studies analyzed the impacts of carbon tax on oil and gas fiscal system. This research addresses the gap by studying how the carbon tax affect the oil and gas industry and the risk of the carbon tax. In this paper, an integrated model considering the impact of the carbon tax in the oil and gas fiscal system and using the Monte-Carlo method to analyze the risk of the carbon tax is put forward. With the purpose of comparing the Royalty and Profit Sharing Contract, the distributions of the revenue are discussed. When the carbon price increases to US$100/ton, the contractor profit will drop to zero under Royalty fiscal system. When the carbon price increases to US$80/ton, the contractor profit will become negative under PSC. The result indicates that high carbon tax results in negative cash flow.
Why formal objections to the error theory are sound
Authors: Tiefensee Christine , Wheeler Gregory
Published: February 2022

Recent debate about the error theory has taken a ‘formal turn’. On the one hand, there are those who argue that the error theory should be rejected because of its difficulties in providing a convincing formal account of the logic and semantics of moral claims. On the other hand, there are those who claim that such formal objections fail, maintaining that arguments against the error theory must be of a substantive rather than a formal kind. In this paper, we argue that formal objections to the error theory cannot be eschewed but must be met head-on.
Revealing the contribution of somatic gene mutations to shaping tumor immune microenvironment
Authors: Xu Liwen , Zhu Shiwei , Lan Yujia , Yan Min , Jiang Zedong , Zhu Jiali , Liao Gaoming , Ping Yanyan , Xu Jinyuan , Pang Bo , Zhang Yunpeng , Xiao Yun , Li Xia
Published: February 2022

Interaction between tumor cells and immune cells determined highly heterogeneous microenvironments across patients, leading to substantial variation in clinical benefits from immunotherapy. Somatic gene mutations were found not only to elicit adaptive immunity but also to influence the composition of tumor immune microenvironment and various processes of antitumor immunity. However, due to an incomplete view of associations between gene mutations and immunophenotypes, how tumor cells shape the immune microenvironment and further determine the clinical benefit of immunotherapy is still unclear. To address this, we proposed a computational approach, inference of mutation effect on immunophenotype by integrated gene set enrichment analysis (MEIGSEA), for tracing back the genomic factor responsible for differences in immunophenotypes. MEIGSEA was demonstrated to accurately identify the previous confirmed immune-associated gene mutations, and systematic evaluation in simulation data further supported its performance. We used MEIGSEA to investigate the influence of driver gene mutations on the infiltration of 22 immune cell types across 19 cancers from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The top associated gene mutations with infiltration of CD8 T cells, such as CASP8, KRAS and EGFR, also showed extensive impact on other immune components; meanwhile, immune effector cells shared critical gene mutations that collaboratively contribute to shaping distinct tumor immune microenvironment. Furthermore, we highlighted the predictive capacity of gene mutations that are positively associated with CD8 T cells for the clinical benefit of immunotherapy. Taken together, we present a computational framework to help illustrate the potential of somatic gene mutations in shaping the tumor immune microenvironment.
Research-based Risk Factors for Child Maltreatment: Do Child Protection Workers Use them in their Case Investigations?
Authors: Erens Brenda , de Ruiter Corine , Otgaar Henry , Humblet Joke
Published: February 2022

Risk assessment is an essential aspect of child abuse investigations in order to estimate the risk of future abuse and to develop a risk management and intervention plan. According to the risk–need–responsivity model, intervention and risk monitoring needs to target dynamic risk factors to prevent future child maltreatment. In the current study, we examined whether child protection workers in the Netherlands focus on evidence-based risk factors for child maltreatment. We investigated 192 case files retrospectively for risk factors included in the Child Abuse Risk Evaluation-NL, a structured risk assessment instrument. We expected to find limited information concerning parental risk factors and risk factors related to parent–child interaction, but more information on family and child factors. These hypotheses were confirmed. Because parental and parent–child interaction factors are the most important and proximal risk factors for child abuse, our findings point to a large gap between science and child protection practice. We recommend the use of a structured risk assessment instrument and a risk-focused approach to intervention planning.
Significance of seed morphology and anatomy in the systematics of Musaceae
Authors: Hareesh Vadakkoot Sankaran , Sabu Mamiyil
Published: February 2022

The paper deals with the seed morphology and anatomy of 32 wild Indian Musaceae by using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This is the first comprehensive investigation into the seed micro-morphological and anatomical aspects of two genera of the family. Seed characters including shape, size, surface sculpturing (LM and SEM), seed coat thickness, layer characters and chalazal chamber column were considered. Seed characters play a significant role in the delimitation of taxa as they are more stable than vegetative (anatomical) and pollen features. Four types of seeds (oblate, ovoid, sub-globose and ellipsoid) were observed in the family, oblate seeds being the most common. LM revealed that most of the seeds have verrucate surface sculpturing, but some are smooth-verrucate or smooth. Seed size also plays an important role in the identification of the taxa to some extent. Number of layers and seed coat thickness are directly proportional to seed size. However, the thickness of endotesta, tegmen and inner endosperm layers (aleurone layers) differ in small and large seeds. The present study revealed eight types of outer sculpturing and three inner sculpturing patterns with diverse nature of anticlinal and periclinal cell walls. Based on the seed characters, a phenetic analysis was also carried out.
Distinct contributions of ventral CA1/amygdala co-activation to the induction and maintenance of synaptic plasticity
Authors: Chong Yee Song , Wong Lik-Wei , Gaunt Jessica , Lee Yan Jun , Goh Cai Shan , Morris Richard G M , Ch’ng Toh Hean , Sajikumar Sreedharan
Published: February 2022

The amygdala is known to modulate hippocampal synaptic plasticity. One role could be an immediate effect of basolateral amygdala (BLA) in priming synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. Another role could be through associative synaptic co-operation and competition that triggers events involved in the maintenance of synaptic potentiation. We present evidence that the timing and activity level of BLA stimulation are important factors for the induction and maintenance of long-term potentiation (LTP) in ventral hippocampal area CA1. A 100 Hz BLA co-stimulation facilitated the induction of LTP, whereas 200 Hz co-stimulation attenuated induction. A 100 Hz BLA co-stimulation also caused enhanced persistence, sufficient to prevent synaptic competition. This maintenance effect is likely through translational mechanisms, as mRNA expression of primary response genes was unaffected, whereas protein level of plasticity-related products was increased. Further understanding of the neural mechanisms of amygdala modulation on hippocampus could provide insights into the mechanisms of emotional disorders.
Ambroxol reverses tau and α-synuclein accumulation in a cholinergic N370S GBA1 mutation model
Authors: Yang Shi Yu , Taanman Jan-Willem , Gegg Matthew , Schapira Anthony H V
Published: February 2022

Cognitive impairment is a common non-motor complication of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA1) variants are found in 10–15% of PD cases and are numerically the most important risk factor for PD and dementia with Lewy bodies. Accumulation of α-synuclein and tau pathology is thought to underlie cognitive impairment in PD and likely involves cholinergic as well as dopaminergic neurons. Neural crest stem cells were isolated from both PD patients with the common heterozygous N370S GBA1 mutation and normal subjects without GBA1 mutations. The stem cells were used to generate a cholinergic neuronal cell model. The effects of the GBA1 variant on glucocerebrosidase (GCase) protein and activity, and cathepsin D, tau and α-synuclein protein levels in cholinergic neurons were examined. Ambroxol, a GCase chaperone, was used to investigate whether GCase enhancement was able to reverse the effects of the GBA1 variant on cholinergic neurons. Significant reductions in GCase protein and activity, as well as in cathepsin D levels, were found in GBA1 mutant (N370S/WT) cholinergic neurons. Both tau and α-synuclein levels were significantly increased in GBA1 mutant (N370S/WT) cholinergic neurons. Ambroxol significantly enhanced GCase activity and decreased both tau and α-synuclein levels in cholinergic neurons. GBA1 mutations interfere with the metabolism of α-synuclein and tau proteins and induce higher levels of α-synuclein and tau proteins in cholinergic neurons. The GCase pathway provides a potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative disorders related to pathological α-synuclein or tau accumulation.
Similar Clinical Improvement Rates Among Biologic Drug Classes in Crohn’s Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Regression
Authors: Hanžel Jurij , Sedano Rocio , Jeyarajah Jenny , Zou Guangyong , McFarlane Stefanie C , Ma Christopher , Jairath Vipul
Published: February 2022

Lay Summary

We conducted a systematic review and metaregression of pivotal Crohn’s disease trials to evaluate the rates of change in Crohn’s Disease Activity Index scores in patients receiving biologic treatments. The speed of clinical improvement was similar among biologic drug classes.
Prop of Ribbon Hypergraphs and Strongly Homotopy Involutive Lie Bialgebras
Authors: Merkulov Sergei
Published: February 2022

For any integer $d$, we introduce a prop ${{\mathcal {R}}}{{\mathcal {H}}} ra_d$ of oriented ribbon hypergraphs (in which “edges” can connect more than two vertices) and prove that it admits a canonical morphism of props, $$ \begin{align*} & {\mathcal{H}}\textit{olieb}_{d}^\diamond \longrightarrow {{\mathcal{R}}}{{\mathcal{H}}} ra_d, \end{align*}$$${\mathcal {H}}\textit {olieb}_{d}^\diamond $ being the (degree shifted) minimal resolution of prop of involutive Lie bialgebras, which is nontrivial on every generator of ${\mathcal {H}}\textit {olieb}_{d}^\diamond $. We obtain two applications of this general construction. First we show that for any graded vector space $W$ equipped with a family of cyclically (skew)symmetric higher products, $$ \begin{align*} & \Theta_n: (\otimes^n W[d])_{{{\mathbb{Z}}}_n} \longrightarrow {{\mathbb{K}}}[1+d], \ \ \ \ \ n\geq 1, \end{align*}$$the associated vector space of cyclic words $Cyc(W)=\oplus _{n\geq 0} (\otimes ^n W)_{{{\mathbb {Z}}}_n} $ has a combinatorial ${\mathcal {H}}\textit {olieb}_{d}^\diamond $-structure. As an illustration, we construct for each natural number $N\geq 1$ an explicit combinatorial strongly homotopy involutive Lie bialgebra structure on the vector space of cyclic words in $N$ graded letters, which extends the well-known Schedler’s necklace Lie bialgebra structure from the formality theory of the Goldman–Turaev Lie bialgebra in genus zero. Second, we introduced new (in general, nontrivial) operations in string topology. Given any closed connected and simply connected manifold $M$ of dimension $\geq 4$. We show that the reduced equivariant homology $\bar {H}_{\bullet }^{S^1}(LM)$ of the spacej $LM$ of free loops in $M$ carries a canonical representation of the dg prop ${\mathcal {H}}\textit {olieb}^\diamond _{2-n}$ on $\bar {H}_{\bullet }^{S^1}(LM)$ controlled by four ribbon hypergraphs explicitly shown in this paper.
Natural Killer Cell-Mediated Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity Against SARS-CoV-2 After Natural Infection Is More Potent Than After Vaccination
Authors: Rieke Gereon J , van Bremen Kathrin , Bischoff Jenny , ToVinh Michael , Monin Malte B , Schlabe Stefan , Raabe Jan , Kaiser Kim M , Finnemann Claudia , Odainic Alexandru , Kudaliyanage Anushka , Latz Eicke , Strassburg Christian P , Boesecke Christoph , Schmidt Susanne V , Krämer Benjamin , Rockstroh Jürgen K , Nattermann Jacob
Published: February 2022

We compared the ability of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike-specific antibodies to induce natural killer cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in patients with natural infection and vaccinated persons. Analyzing plasma samples from 39 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and 11 vaccinated individuals, significant induction of ADCC could be observed over a period of more than 3 months in both vaccinated and recovered individuals. Although plasma antibody concentrations were lower in recovered patients, we found antibodies elicited by natural infection induced a significantly stronger ADCC response compared to those induced by vaccination, which may affect protection conferred by vaccination.
Omadacycline pharmacokinetics and soft-tissue penetration in diabetic patients with wound infections and healthy volunteers using in vivo microdialysis
Authors: Gill Christian M , Fratoni Andrew J , Shepard Ashley K , Kuti Joseph L , Nicolau David P
Published: February 2022

Objectives

We assessed the plasma and soft-tissue pharmacokinetic exposure of omadacycline in infected patients with diabetic foot infection (DFI) and healthy volunteers using in vivo microdialysis.

Methods

Eight patients and six healthy volunteers were enrolled and received an omadacycline IV loading dose (200 mg) followed by two oral doses (300 mg) every 24 h. Microdialysis catheters were placed in the soft tissue near the infected diabetic foot wound (patients) or thigh (healthy volunteers). Plasma and dialysate fluid samples were collected, starting immediately prior to the third dose and continued for 24 h post-dose. Protein binding was determined by ultracentrifugation.

Results

The mean ± SD omadacycline pharmacokinetic parameters in plasma for infected patients and healthy volunteers were: Cmax, 0.57 ± 0.15 and 1.14 ± 0.26 mg/L; t½, 16.19 ± 5.06 and 25.34 ± 12.92 h; and total omadacycline AUC0–24, 6.27 ± 1.38 and 14.06 ± 3.40 mg·h/L, respectively. The omadacycline mean plasma free fraction was 0.21 and 0.20 for patients and healthy volunteers, corresponding to free plasma AUC0–24 of 1.13 ± 0.37 and 2.78 ± 0.55 mg·h/L, respectively. Omadacycline tissue AUC0–24 was 0.82 ± 0.38 and 1.37 ± 0.48 mg·h/L for patients and volunteers, respectively.

Conclusions

The present study describes the plasma and soft-tissue exposure of omadacycline in patients with DFI and healthy volunteers. Integrating these data with the microbiological, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic and clinical efficacy data is foundational to support clinical assessments of omadacycline efficacy specifically for DFI. This, coupled with the once-daily oral administration, suggests omadacycline could be an advantageous translational therapy for the hospital and outpatient setting.
Effects of α-glycerol monolaurate on intestinal morphology, nutrient digestibility, serum profiles, and gut microbiota in weaned piglets
Authors: Li Longxian , Wang Huakai , Zhang Nan , Zhang Tuan , Ma Yongxi
Published: February 2022

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of α-glycerol monolaurate (α-GML) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, serum profiles, intestinal morphology, and gut microbiota of weaned piglets. A total of 96 healthy 28-d-old (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) weaned piglets with body weight of 8.34 ± 0.05 kg were randomly divided into 2 treatment groups with 6 replicate pens and 8 piglets per pen. The control group was fed a basal diet and the experimental group was fed the basal diet supplemented with 1,000 mg/kg α-GML. The experiment lasted for 28 d. Dietary supplementation with α-GML had no effect on average daily gain, average daily feed intake, or gain to feed ratio in piglets (P > 0.05); however, it reduced (P < 0.05) diarrhea rate of piglets on days 15 to 28. The apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), and gross energy (GE) on day 14, and DM, organic matter, CP, EE, and GE on day 28 increased (P < 0.05) with α-GML supplementation. Moreover, higher (P < 0.05) glutathione peroxidase activity and interleukin-10 (IL-10) concentration, and lower (P < 0.05) malondialdehyde and tumor necrosis factor-α concentrations were observed in piglets supplemented with α-GML compared with the control group on day 14. Compared with the control group, the villus height/crypt depth in the duodenum and villus height in the jejunum and ileum were significantly greater (P < 0.05) in the α-GML group. Dietary α-GML supplementation significantly increased (P < 0.05) the relative abundance of Firmicutes, while decreasing (P < 0.05) Bacteroidota and Campilobacterota in the cecal contents; significantly increased (P < 0.05) the relative proportion of Lactobacillus and Blautia species, reduced (P < 0.05) Eubacterium_rectale_ATCC_33656, Campylobacter, and uncultured_bacterium_Alloprevotella species. Thus, dietary α-GML supplementation at 1,000 mg/kg reduces diarrhea rate, improves intestinal morphology, nutrient digestibility, antioxidant capacity, and immune status, and ameliorates gut microbiota in weaned piglets.
Direct and indirect roles of GRWD1 in the inactivation of p53 in cancer
Authors: Ichikawa Mai Koizumi , Saitoh Masao
Published: February 2022

Glutamate-rich WD40 repeat containing 1 (GRWD1), also known as WDR28, interacts with various proteins through its WD domain and is involved in transcription, translation, cell cycle progression, ubiquitin-mediated degradation and DNA replication and repair. Ribosomal protein L11 (RPL11), which directly interacts with MDM2, inhibits MDM2 ubiquitin ligase activity, thus promoting p53 stabilization. Binding of GRWD1 to RPL11 disrupts the interaction between RPL11 and MDM2 and promotes p53 ubiquitination by MDM2. In addition, a recent report by Fujiyama et al. found that GRWD1 also directly interacts with wild-type p53 and suppresses its transcriptional activity. They propose that GRWD1 is a novel tumor-promoting molecule that negatively regulates wild-type p53 via both indirect and direct mechanisms.
Streaming big time series forecasting based on nearest similar patterns with application to energy consumption
Authors: Jiménez-Herrera P , Melgar-GarcÍa L , Asencio-Cortés G , Troncoso A
Published: February 2022

This work presents a novel approach to forecast streaming big time series based on nearest similar patterns. This approach combines a clustering algorithm with a classifier and the nearest neighbours algorithm. It presents two separate stages: offline and online. The offline phase is for training and finding the best models for clustering, classification and the nearest neighbours algorithm. The online phase is to predict big time series in real time. In the offline phase, data are divided into clusters and a forecasting model based on the nearest neighbours is trained for each cluster. In addition, a classifier is trained using the cluster assignments previously generated by the clustering algorithm. In the online phase, the classifier predicts the cluster label of an instance, and the proper nearest neighbours model according to the predicted cluster label is applied to obtain the final prediction using the similar patterns. The algorithm is able to be updated incrementally for online learning from data streams. Results are reported using electricity consumption with a granularity of $10$ minutes for 4-hour-ahead forecasting and compared with well-known online benchmark learners, showing a remarkable improvement in prediction accuracy.
MDL+ a manufacturing description language to describe and control assembling tasks in industry 4.0
Authors: Zamora-Hernandez Mauricio-Andres , Andrez Chaves Ceciliano Jose , Villalobos Granados Alonso , Alejandro Castro Vargas John , Garcia-Rodriguez Jose , Azorin-Lopez Jorge
Published: February 2022

The assembly of products or components by operators in industries is a complex task with recurring problems. In these processes, operators often make errors that can lead to defective products. Therefore, they need to be inspected later to verify their correct assembly. The main problems are caused by several reasons including high employee turnover, lack of experience in manufacturing specific products or confusion in interpreting instructions to assemble similar components. In this paper, a novel structured language aimed to describe the required actions to manufacture a product in industrial assembly environments is presented. The main contribution is to provide a formal language to feed automatic systems that can verify through visual control whether the actions performed by the operator are carried out following the standard described by this language. In general, the use of this formal language will allow to minimize the negative impact of errors during assembly and to reduce waste in many forms in the industry.
Time-Transformed Test for Bubbles under Non-stationary Volatility
Authors: Kurozumi Eiji , Skrobotov Anton , Tsarev Alexey
Published: February 2022

This paper is devoted to testing for bubbles under time-varying non-stationary volatility. Because the limiting distribution of the seminal Phillips, Wu, and Yu (2011) test depends on the variance function and usually requires a bootstrap implementation under heteroskedasticity, we construct the test based on a deformation of the time domain. The proposed test is asymptotically pivotal under the null hypothesis and its limiting distribution coincides with that of the standard test under homoskedasticity, so that the test does not require computationally extensive methods for inference. Appealing finite sample properties are demonstrated through Monte-Carlo simulations. An empirical application demonstrates that the upsurge behavior of cryptocurrency time series in the middle of the sample is partially explained by the volatility change.
Infection by Moniliophthora perniciosa reprograms tomato Micro-Tom physiology, establishes a sink, and increases secondary cell wall synthesis
Authors: Paschoal Daniele , Costa Juliana L , da Silva Eder M , da Silva Fábia B , Capelin Diogo , Ometto Vitor , Aricetti Juliana A , Carvalho Gabriel G , Pimpinato Rodrigo F , de Oliveira Ricardo F , Carrera Esther , López-Díaz Isabel , Rossi Mônica L , Tornisielo Valdemar , Caldana Camila , Riano-Pachon Diego M , Cesarino Igor , Teixeira Paulo J P L , Figueira Antonio
Published: February 2022

Witches’ broom disease of cacao is caused by the pathogenic fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa. By using tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivar Micro-Tom (MT) as a model system, we investigated the physiological and metabolic consequences of M. perniciosa infection to determine whether symptoms result from sink establishment during infection. Infection of MT by M. perniciosa caused reductions in root biomass and fruit yield, a decrease in leaf gas exchange, and down-regulation of photosynthesis-related genes. The total leaf area and water potential decreased, while ABA levels, water conductance/conductivity, and ABA-related gene expression increased. Genes related to sugar metabolism and those involved in secondary cell wall deposition were up-regulated upon infection, and the concentrations of sugars, fumarate, and amino acids increased. 14C-glucose was mobilized towards infected MT stems, but not in inoculated stems of the MT line overexpressing CYTOKININ OXIDASE-2 (35S::AtCKX2), suggesting a role for cytokinin in establishing a sugar sink. The up-regulation of genes involved in cell wall deposition and phenylpropanoid metabolism in infected MT, but not in 35S::AtCKX2 plants, suggests establishment of a cytokinin-mediated sink that promotes tissue overgrowth with an increase in lignin. Possibly, M. perniciosa could benefit from the accumulation of secondary cell walls during its saprotrophic phase of infection.
The progenitor of the Vela pulsar
Authors: Kochanek C S
Published: February 2022

With Gaia parallaxes, it is possible to study the stellar populations associated with individual Galactic supernova remnants (SNRs) to estimate the mass of the exploding star. Here, we analyse the luminous stars near the Vela pulsar and SNR to find that its progenitor was probably ($\mathrel {\raise.3ex\rm{\gt }\lower0.6ex\rm{\sim }}90\rm \,per\,cent$) low mass (8.1–$10.3\, {\rm M}_\odot$). The presence of the O star γ2 Vel a little over 100 pc from Vela is the primary ambiguity, as including it in the analysis volume significantly increases the probability (to 5 per cent) of higher mass ($\gt 20\, {\rm M}_\odot$) progenitors. However, to be a high-mass star associated with γ2 Vel’s star cluster at birth, the progenitor would have to be a runaway star from an unbound binary with an unusually high velocity. The primary impediment to analysing large numbers of Galactic SNRs in this manner is the lack of accurate distances. This can likely be solved by searching for absorption lines from the SNR in stars as a function of distance, a method which yielded a distance to Vela in agreement with the direct pulsar parallax. If Vela was a $10\, {\rm M}_\odot$ supernova in an external galaxy, the 50-pc search region used in extragalactic studies would contain only $\simeq 10\rm \,per\,cent$ of the stars formed in a 50-pc region around the progenitor at birth and $\simeq 90\rm \,per\,cent$ of the stars in the search region would have been born elsewhere.
Deep optical study of the mixed-morphology supernova remnant G 132.7+1.3 (HB3)
Authors: Boumis P , Chiotellis A , Fragkou V , Akras S , Derlopa S , Kopsacheili M , Leonidaki I , Alikakos J , Palaiologou E V , Harvey E , Souropanis D
Published: February 2022

We present optical CCD images of the large supernova remnant (SNR) G 132.7+1.3 (HB3) covering its full extent for the first time, in the emission lines of Hα +[N ii], [S ii], and [O iii], where new and known filamentary and diffuse structures are detected. These observations are supplemented by new low-resolution long-slit spectra and higher resolution images in the same emission lines. Both the flux-calibrated images and spectra confirm that the optical emission originates from shock-heated gas since the [S ii]/Hα > 0.4. Our findings are also consistent with the recently developed emission-line ratio diagnostics for distinguishing SNRs from H ii regions. A multiwavelength comparison among our optical data and relevant observations in radio, X-rays, gamma-rays and CO bands, provided additional evidence on the interaction of HB3 with the surrounding clouds and clarified the borders of the SNR and the adjacent cloud. We discuss the supernova (SN) properties and evolution that led to the current observables of HB3 and we show that the remnant has most likely passed at the pressure driven snowplow phase. The estimated SN energy was found to be (3.7 ± 1.5) × 1051 erg and the current SNR age (5.1 ± 2.1) × 104 yr. We present an alternative scenario according to which the SNR evolved in the wind bubble cavity excavated by the progenitor star and currently is interacting with its density walls. We show that the overall mixed morphology properties of HB3 can be explained if the SN resulted by a Wolf−Rayet progenitor star with mass $\sim \! 34 \rm ~M_{\odot }$.
Hard X-ray luminosity functions of cataclysmic variables: joint Swift/BAT and Gaia data
Authors: Suleimanov Valery F , Doroshenko Victor , Werner Klaus
Published: February 2022

Cataclysmic variables (CVs) are the most numerous population among the Galactic objects emitting in hard X-rays. Most probably, they are responsible for the extended hard X-ray emission of the Galactic ridge and the central Galactic regions. Here, we consider the sample of CVs detected in the all-sky hard X-ray Swift/BAT survey, which were also detected by Gaia and thus have reliable distance estimates. Using these data, we derive accurate estimates for local number density per solar mass ($\rho _{\rm M} = 1.37^{+0.3}_{-0.16}. \times 10^{-5}\, {\rm M}_\odot ^{-1}$) and luminosity density per solar mass ($\rho _{\rm L} = 8.95^{+0.15}_{-0.1}\times 10^{26}$ erg s−1 M$_\odot ^{-1}$) for objects in the sample. These values appear to be in good agreement with the integrated Galactic ridge X-ray emission and nuclear stellar cluster luminosities. Analysis of the differential luminosity functions dρM/d(log10Lx) and dρL/d(log10Lx) confirms that there are two populations of hard X-ray-emitting CVs. Intermediate polars dominate at luminosities L > 1033 erg s−1, whereas non-magnetic CVs and polars are much more numerous but have lower luminosities on average. As a consequence, the contribution of these populations to the observed hard X-ray luminosity is almost equivalent.
Post maximum light and late time optical imaging polarimetry of type I superluminous supernova 2020znr
Authors: Poidevin F , Omand C M B , Pérez-Fournon I , Clavero R , Shirley R , Marques-Chaves R , Jimenez Angel C , Geier S
Published: February 2022

Optical imaging polarimetry was conducted on the hydrogen poor superluminous supernova 2020znr during three phases after maximum light (≈ +34 d, +288 d, and  +289 d). After instrumental and interstellar polarization correction, all measurements are consistent with null-polarization detection. Modelling the light curve with a magnetar spin-down model shows that SN2020znr has similar magnetar and ejecta parameters to other SLSNe. A comparison of the best-fitting values discussed in the literature on SN 2017egm and SN 2015bn, two hydrogen poor SLSNe showing an increase of polarization after maximum light, suggests that SN 2020znr has higher mass ejecta that may prevent access to the geometry of the inner ejecta with optical polarimetry. The combined information provided by spectroscopy and light-curve analysis of type I SLSNe may be an interesting avenue to categorize the polarization properties of this class of transients. This approach would require to expand the sample of SLSNe polarimetry data currently available with early and late time epochs new measurements.
The Thresher: Lucky imaging without the waste
Authors: Hitchcock J A , Bramich D M , Foreman-Mackey D , Hogg David W , Hundertmark M
Published: February 2022

In traditional lucky imaging (TLI), many consecutive images of the same scene are taken with a high frame-rate camera, and all but the sharpest images are discarded before constructing the final shift-and-add image. Here, we present an alternative image analysis pipeline – The Thresher – for these kinds of data, based on online multi-frame blind deconvolution. It makes use of all available data to obtain the best estimate of the astronomical scene in the context of reasonable computational limits; it does not require prior estimates of the point-spread functions in the images, or knowledge of point sources in the scene that could provide such estimates. Most importantly, the scene it aims to return is the optimum of a justified scalar objective based on the likelihood function. Because it uses the full set of images in the stack, The Thresher outperforms TLI in signal-to-noise ratio; as it accounts for the individual-frame PSFs, it does this without loss of angular resolution. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm on both simulated data and real Electron-Multiplying CCD images obtained at the Danish 1.54-m telescope (hosted by ESO, La Silla). We also explore the current limitations of the algorithm, and find that for the choice of image model presented here, non-linearities in flux are introduced into the returned scene. Ongoing development of the software can be viewed at https://github.com/jah1994/TheThresher.
The velocity distribution of white dwarfs in Gaia EDR3
Authors: Mikkola Daniel , McMillan Paul J , Hobbs David , Wimarsson John
Published: February 2022

Using a penalized maximum likelihood, we estimate, for the first time, the velocity distribution of white dwarfs in the solar neighbourhood. Our sample consists of 129 675 white dwarfs within 500 pc in Gaia Early Data Release 3. The white dwarf velocity distributions reveal a similar structure to the rest of the solar neighbourhood stars, reflecting that white dwarfs are subject to the same dynamical processes. In the velocity distribution for three magnitude-binned subsamples, we, however, find a novel structure at (U, V) = (7, −19) km s−1 in fainter samples, potentially related to the Coma Berenices stream. We also see a double-peaked feature in U − W at U ≈ −30 km s−1 and in V − W at V ≈ −20 km s−1 for fainter samples. We determine the velocity distribution and velocity moments as a function of absolute magnitude for two samples based on the bifurcation identified in Gaia Data Release 2 in the colour–magnitude diagram. The brighter, redder sequence has a larger velocity dispersion than the fainter, bluer sequence across all magnitudes. It is hard to reconcile this kinematic difference with a bifurcation caused purely by atmospheric composition, while it fits neatly with a significant age difference between the two sequences. Our results provide novel insights into the kinematic properties of white dwarfs and demonstrate the power of analytical techniques that work for the large fraction of stars that do not have measured radial velocities in the current era of large-scale astrometric surveys.
The strongly irradiated planets in Praesepe
Authors: King George W , Wheatley Peter J , Fawcett Victoria A , Miller Nicola J , Corrales Lía R , Agüeros Marcel A
Published: February 2022

We present an analysis of XMM–Newton observations of four stars in the young (670 Myr) open cluster Praesepe. The planets hosted by these stars all lie close in radius–period space to the radius–period valley and/or the Neptunian desert, two features that photoevaporation by X-ray and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) photons could be driving. Although the stars are no longer in the saturated regime, strong X-ray and extreme ultraviolet irradiation is still ongoing. Based on EUV time evolution slopes, we derived in a previous paper, in all four cases, two-thirds of their EUV irradiation is still to come. We compare the XMM–Newton light curves to those simultaneously measured with K2 at optical wavelengths, allowing us to search for correlated variability between the X-ray and optical light curves. We find that the X-ray flux decreases and flattens off while the optical flux rises throughout for K2-100, something that could result from active regions disappearing from view as the star spins. Finally, we also investigate possible futures for the four planets in our sample with simulations of their atmosphere evolution still to come, finding that complete photoevaporative stripping of the envelope of three of the four planets is possible, depending on the current planet masses.
Emulating Sunyaev–Zeldovich images of galaxy clusters using autoencoders
Authors: Rothschild Tibor , Nagai Daisuke , Aung Han , Green Sheridan B , Ntampaka Michelle , ZuHone John
Published: February 2022

We develop a machine-learning (ML) algorithm that generates high-resolution thermal Sunyaev–Zeldovich (SZ) maps of novel galaxy clusters given only halo mass and mass accretion rate (MAR). The algorithm uses a conditional variational autoencoder (CVAE) in the form of a convolutional neural network and is trained with SZ maps generated from the IllustrisTNG simulation. Our method can reproduce many of the details of galaxy clusters that analytical models usually lack, such as internal structure and aspherical distribution of gas created by mergers, while achieving the same computational feasibility, allowing us to generate mock SZ maps for over 105 clusters in 30 s on a laptop. We show that the model is capable of generating novel clusters (i.e. not found in the training set) and that the model accurately reproduces the effects of mass and MAR on the SZ images, such as scatter, asymmetry, and concentration, in addition to modelling merging sub-clusters. This work demonstrates the viability of ML-based methods for producing the number of realistic, high-resolution maps of galaxy clusters necessary to achieve statistical constraints from future SZ surveys.