bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing cardiovascular risk prediction through AI-enabled calcium-omics
Authors: Hoori Ammar , Al-Kindi Sadeer , Hu Tao , Song Yingnan , Wu Hao , Lee Juhwan , Tashtish Nour , Fu Pingfu , Gilkeson Robert , Rajagopalan Sanjay , Wilson David L.
Published: May 2024

Whole-heart coronary calcium Agatston score is a well-established predictor of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), but it does not account for individual calcification features related to the pathophysiology of the disease (e.g., multiple-vessel disease, spread of the disease along the vessel, stable calcifications, numbers of lesions, and density). We used novel, hand-crafted calcification features (calcium-omics); Cox time-to-event modeling; elastic net; and up and down synthetic sampling methods for imbalanced data, to assess MACE risk. We used 2457 CT calcium score (CTCS) images enriched for MACE events from our large no-cost CLARIFY program (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04075162). Among calcium-omics features, numbers of calcifications, LAD mass, and diffusivity (a measure of spatial distribution) were especially important determinants of increased risk, with dense calcification (> 1000HU, stable calcifications) associated with reduced risk Our calcium-omics model with (training/testing, 80/20) gave C-index (80.5%/71.6%) and 2-year AUC (82.4%/74.8%). Although the C-index is notoriously impervious to model improvements, calcium-omics compared favorably to Agatston and gave a significant difference (P < 0.001). The calcium-omics model identified 73.5% of MACE cases in the high-risk group, a 13.2% improvement as compared to Agatston, suggesting that calcium-omics could be used to better identity candidates for intensive follow-up and therapies. The categorical net-reclassification index was NRI = 0.153. Our findings from this exploratory study suggest the utility of calcium-omics in improved risk prediction. These promising results will pave the way for more extensive, multi-institutional studies of calcium-omics.
Lissajous curves as aerial search patterns
Authors: Steckenrider J. Josiah , Miller Mitchell , Blankenship Rory , Trujillo Victor , Bluman James
Published: May 2024

Manned and unmanned systems are prevalent in a wide range of aerial searching applications. For aircraft whose trajectory is not or cannot be planned on-the-fly, optimal deterministic search pattern generation is a critical area of research. Lissajous curves have recently caught attention as excellent candidates for all kinds of aerial search applications, but little fundamental research has been done to understand how best to design Lissajous pattern (LP)s for this use. This paper examines the optimization of these search patterns from analytical, numerical, and data-driven perspectives to establish the state of the field in Lissajous curves for aerial search. From an analytical perspective, it was found that the average expected distance between a Lissajous searcher and a random target on a unit square approaches 0.586 as search time increases. Furthermore, an analytical approximation for the average searcher speed was found to guarantee error of no more than 22.1%. Important outcomes from the numerical optimization of Lissajous search patterns include the development of an intuitive evaluation criterion and the conclusion that irrational frequency ratios near 0.8 typically yield highest performance. Finally, while a robust predictive model for fast pattern optimization is yet out of reach, initial results indicate that such an approach shows promise.
New alternatives to the Lennard-Jones potential
Authors: Moscato Pablo , Haque Mohammad Nazmul
Published: May 2024

We present a new method for approximating two-body interatomic potentials from existing ab initio data based on representing the unknown function as an analytic continued fraction. In this study, our method was first inspired by a representation of the unknown potential as a Dirichlet polynomial, i.e., the partial sum of some terms of a Dirichlet series. Our method allows for a close and computationally efficient approximation of the ab initio data for the noble gases Xenon (Xe), Krypton (Kr), Argon (Ar), and Neon (Ne), which are proportional to $$r^{-6}$$

r

-
6

and to a very simple $$depth=1$$

d
e
p
t
h
=
1

truncated continued fraction with integer coefficients and depending on $$n^{-r}$$

n

-
r

only, where n is a natural number (with $$n=13$$

n
=
13

for Xe, $$n=16$$

n
=
16

for Kr, $$n=17$$

n
=
17

for Ar, and $$n=27$$

n
=
27

for Neon). For Helium (He), the data is well approximated with a function having only one variable $$n^{-r}$$

n

-
r

with $$n=31$$

n
=
31

and a truncated continued fraction with $$depth=2$$

d
e
p
t
h
=
2

(i.e., the third convergent of the expansion). Also, for He, we have found an interesting $$depth=0$$

d
e
p
t
h
=
0

result, a Dirichlet polynomial of the form $$k_1 \, 6^{-r} + k_2 \, 48^{-r} + k_3 \, 72^{-r}$$

k
1

6

-
r

+

k
2

48

-
r

+

k
3

72

-
r

(with $$k_1, k_2, k_3$$

k
1

,

k
2

,

k
3

all integers), which provides a surprisingly good fit, not only in the attractive but also in the repulsive region. We also discuss lessons learned while facing the surprisingly challenging non-linear optimisation tasks in fitting these approximations and opportunities for parallelisation.
Azolla filiculoides extract improved salt tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is associated with prompting osmostasis, antioxidant potential and stress-interrelated genes
Authors: Al-Huqail Asma A. , Aref Nagwa M. A. , Khan Faheema , Sobhy Sherien E. , Hafez Elsayed E. , Khalifa Asmaa M. , Saad-Allah Khalil M.
Published: May 2024

The growth and productivity of crop plants are negatively affected by salinity-induced ionic and oxidative stresses. This study aimed to provide insight into the interaction of NaCl-induced salinity with Azolla aqueous extract (AAE) regarding growth, antioxidant balance, and stress-responsive genes expression in wheat seedlings. In a pot experiment, wheat kernels were primed for 21 h with either deionized water or 0.1% AAE. Water-primed seedlings received either tap water, 250 mM NaCl, AAE spray, or AAE spray + NaCl. The AAE-primed seedlings received either tap water or 250 mM NaCl. Salinity lowered growth rate, chlorophyll level, and protein and amino acids pool. However, carotenoids, stress indicators (EL, MDA, and H2O2), osmomodulators (sugars, and proline), antioxidant enzymes (CAT, POD, APX, and PPO), and the expression of some stress-responsive genes (POD, PPO and PAL, PCS, and TLP) were significantly increased. However, administering AAE contributed to increased growth, balanced leaf pigments and assimilation efficacy, diminished stress indicators, rebalanced osmomodulators and antioxidant enzymes, and down-regulation of stress-induced genes in NaCl-stressed plants, with priming surpassing spray in most cases. In conclusion, AAE can be used as a green approach for sustaining regular growth and metabolism and remodelling the physio-chemical status of wheat seedlings thriving in salt-affected soils.
Exploring the antifungal, antibiofilm and antienzymatic potential of Rottlerin in an in vitro and in vivo approach
Authors: Silva Nagela Bernadelli Sousa , Menezes Ralciane Paula , Gonçalves Daniela Silva , Santiago Mariana Brentini , Conejo Noemi Chagas , Souza Sara Lemes , Santos Anna Lívia Oliveira , da Silva Robinson Sabino , Ramos Salvador Boccaletti , Ferro Eloisa Amália Vieira , Martins Carlos Henrique Gomes
Published: May 2024

Candida species have been responsible for a high number of invasive infections worldwide. In this sense, Rottlerin has demonstrated a wide range of pharmacological activities. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the antifungal, antibiofilm and antivirulence activity of Rottlerin in vitro against Candida spp. and its toxicity and antifungal activity in vivo. Rottlerin showed antifungal activity against all yeasts evaluated, presenting Minimum Inhibitory and Fungicidal Concentration (MIC and MFC) values of 7.81 to > 1000 µg/mL. Futhermore, it was able to significantly inhibit biofilm production, presenting Biofilm Inhibitory Concentration (MICB50) values that ranged from 15.62 to 250 µg/mL and inhibition of the cell viability of the biofilm by 50% (IC50) from 2.24 to 12.76 µg/mL. There was a considerable reduction in all hydrolytic enzymes evaluated, with emphasis on hemolysin where Rottlerin showed a reduction of up to 20%. In the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, Rottlerin was able to completely inhibit filamentation by C. albicans. Regarding in vivo tests, Rottlerin did not demonstrate toxicity at the therapeutic concentrations demonstrated here and was able to increase the survival of C. elegans larvae infected. The results herein presented are innovative and pioneering in terms of Rottlerin’s multipotentiality against these fungal infections.
Jnk1 and downstream signalling hubs regulate anxiety-like behaviours in a zebrafish larvae phenotypic screen
Authors: Hong Ye , Sourander Christel , Hackl Benjamin , Patton Jedidiah S. , John Jismi , Paatero Ilkka , Coffey Eleanor
Published: May 2024

Current treatments for anxiety and depression show limited efficacy in many patients, indicating the need for further research into the underlying mechanisms. JNK1 has been shown to regulate anxiety- and depressive-like behaviours in mice, however the effectors downstream of JNK1 are not known. Here we compare the phosphoproteomes from wild-type and Jnk1-/- mouse brains and identify JNK1-regulated signalling hubs. We next employ a zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae behavioural assay to identify an antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like (AA) phenotype based on 2759 measured stereotypic responses to clinically proven antidepressant and anxiolytic (AA) drugs. Employing machine learning, we classify an AA phenotype from extracted features measured during and after a startle battery in fish exposed to AA drugs. Using this classifier, we demonstrate that structurally independent JNK inhibitors replicate the AA phenotype with high accuracy, consistent with findings in mice. Furthermore, pharmacological targeting of JNK1-regulated signalling hubs identifies AKT, GSK-3, 14–3-3 ζ/ε and PKCε as downstream hubs that phenocopy clinically proven AA drugs. This study identifies AKT and related signalling molecules as mediators of JNK1-regulated antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like behaviours. Moreover, the assay shows promise for early phase screening of compounds with anti-stress-axis properties and for mode of action analysis.
Enhancing diagnostic accuracy of multiple myeloma through ML-driven analysis of hematological slides: new dataset and identification model to support hematologists
Authors: Andrade Caio L. B. , Ferreira Marcos V. , Alencar Brenno M. , Junior Ariel M. A. , Lopes Tiago J. S. , dos Santos Allan S. , dos Santos Mariane M. , Silva Maria I. C. S. , Rosa Izabela M. D. R. P. , Filho Jorge L. S. B. , Guimaraes Matheus A. , de Carvalho Gilson C. , Santos Herbert H. M. , Santos Márcia M. L. , Meyer Roberto , Rios Tatiane N. , Rios Ricardo A. , Freire Songeli M.
Published: May 2024

Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy characterized by the clonal proliferation of plasma cells within the bone marrow. Diagnosing MM presents considerable challenges, involving the identification of plasma cells in cytology examinations on hematological slides. At present, this is still a time-consuming manual task and has high labor costs. These challenges have adverse implications, which rely heavily on medical professionals’ expertise and experience. To tackle these challenges, we present an investigation using Artificial Intelligence, specifically a Machine Learning analysis of hematological slides with a Deep Neural Network (DNN), to support specialists during the process of diagnosing MM. In this sense, the contribution of this study is twofold: in addition to the trained model to diagnose MM, we also make available to the community a fully-curated hematological slide dataset with thousands of images of plasma cells. Taken together, the setup we established here is a framework that researchers and hospitals with limited resources can promptly use. Our contributions provide practical results that have been directly applied in the public health system in Brazil. Given the open-source nature of the project, we anticipate it will be used and extended to diagnose other malignancies.
Xanthine oxidoreductase inhibition ameliorates high glucose-induced glomerular endothelial injury by activating AMPK through the purine salvage pathway
Authors: Yang Keum-Jin , Park Hwajin , Chang Yoon-Kyung , Park Cheol Whee , Kim Suk Young , Hong Yu Ah
Published: May 2024

Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) contributes to reactive oxygen species production. We investigated the cytoprotective mechanisms of XOR inhibition against high glucose (HG)-induced glomerular endothelial injury, which involves activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Human glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) exposed to HG were subjected to febuxostat treatment for 48 h and the expressions of AMPK and its associated signaling pathways were evaluated. HG-treated GECs were increased xanthine oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase levels and decreased intracellular AMP/ATP ratio, and these effects were reversed by febuxostat treatment. Febuxostat enhanced the phosphorylation of AMPK, the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma coactivator (PGC)-1α and PPAR-α and suppressed the phosphorylation of forkhead box O (FoxO)3a in HG-treated GECs. Febuxostat also decreased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (Nox)1, Nox2, and Nox4 expressions; enhanced superoxide dismutase activity; and decreased malondialdehyde levels in HG-treated GECs. The knockdown of AMPK inhibited PGC-1α–FoxO3a signaling and negated the antioxidant effects of febuxostat in HG-treated GECs. Despite febuxostat administration, the knockdown of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase 1 (HPRT1) also inhibited AMPK–PGC-1α–FoxO3a in HG-treated GECs. XOR inhibition alleviates oxidative stress by activating AMPK–PGC-1α–FoxO3a signaling through the HPRT1-dependent purine salvage pathway in GECs exposed to HG conditions.
Responses of soil enzymatic activities and microbial biomass phosphorus to improve nutrient accumulation abilities in leguminous species
Authors: Solangi Farheen , Zhu Xingye , Solangi Kashif Ali , Iqbal Rashid , Elshikh Mohamed S. , Alarjani Khaloud Mohammed , Elsalahy Heba H.
Published: May 2024

Fertilizers application are widely used to get a higher yield in agricultural fields. Nutrient management can be improved by cultivating leguminous species in order to obtain a better understanding of the mechanisms that increase the amount of available phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) through fertilizer treatments. A pot experiment was conducted to identify the leguminous species (i.e., chickpea and pea) under various fertilizer treatments. Experimental design is as follows: T0 (control: no fertilizer was applied), T1: P applied at the level of (90 kg ha−1), T2: (K applied at the level of 90 kg ha−1), and T3: (PK applied both at 90 kg ha−1). All fertilizer treatments significantly (p < 0.05) improved the nutrient accumulation abilities and enzymes activities. The T3 treatment showed highest N uptake in chickpea was 37.0%, compared to T0. While T3 developed greater N uptake in pea by 151.4% than the control. However, T3 treatment also increased microbial biomass phosphorus in both species i.e., 95.7% and 81.5% in chickpeas and peas, respectively, compared to T0 treatment. In chickpeas, T1 treatment stimulated NAGase activities by 52.4%, and T2 developed URase activities by 50.1% higher than control. In contrast, T3 treatment enhanced both BGase and Phase enzyme activities, i.e., 55.8% and 33.9%, respectively, compared to the T0 treatment. Only the T3 treatment improved the activities of enzymes in the pea species (i.e., BGase was 149.7%, URase was 111.9%, Phase was 81.1%, and NAGase was 70.0%) compared to the control. Therefore, adding combined P and K fertilizer applications to the soil can increase the activity of enzymes in both legume species, and changes in microbial biomass P and soil nutrient availability make it easier for plants to uptake the nutrients.
Silver-loaded poly(vinyl alcohol)/polycaprolactone polymer scaffold as a biocompatible antibacterial system
Authors: Vilamová Zuzana , Šimonová Zuzana , Bednář Jiří , Mikeš Petr , Cieslar Miroslav , Svoboda Ladislav , Dvorský Richard , Rosenbergová Kateřina , Kratošová Gabriela
Published: May 2024

A chronic nonhealing wound poses a significant risk for infection and subsequent health complications, potentially endangering the patient‘s well-being. Therefore, effective wound dressings must meet several crucial criteria, including: (1) eliminating bacterial pathogen growth within the wound, (2) forming a barrier against airborne microbes, (3) promoting cell proliferation, (4) facilitating tissue repair. In this study, we synthesized 8 ± 3 nm Ag NP with maleic acid and incorporated them into an electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) matrix with 1.6 and 3.4 µm fiber sizes. The Ag NPs were anchored to the matrix via electrospraying water-soluble poly(vinyl) alcohol (PVA), reducing the average sphere size from 750 to 610 nm in the presence of Ag NPs. Increasing the electrospraying time of Ag NP-treated PVA spheres demonstrated a more pronounced antibacterial effect. The resultant silver-based material exhibited 100% inhibition of gram-negative Escherichia coli and gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus growth within 6 h while showing non-cytotoxic effects on the Vero cell line. We mainly discuss the preparation method aspects of the membrane, its antibacterial properties, and cytotoxicity, suggesting that combining these processes holds promise for various medical applications.
Reprogrammable reflection-transmission integrated coding metasurface for real-time terahertz wavefront manipulations in full-space
Authors: Farzin Parsa , Nooramin Amir Saman , Soleimani Mohammad
Published: May 2024

In recent years, there has been notable advancement in programmable metasurfaces, primarily attributed to their cost-effectiveness and capacity to manipulate electromagnetic (EM) waves. Nevertheless, a significant limitation of numerous available metasurfaces is their capability to influence wavefronts only in reflection mode or transmission mode, thus catering to only half of the spatial coverage. To the best of our knowledge and for the first time, a novel graphene-assisted reprogrammable metasurface that offers the unprecedented capability to independently and concurrently manipulate EM waves within both half-spaces has been introduced in the THz frequency band. This intelligent programmable metasurface achieves wavefront control in reflection mode, transmission mode, and the concurrent reflection-transmission mode, all within the same polarization and frequency channel. The meta-atom is constructed with two graphene sections, enabling straightforward modification of wave behavior by adjusting the chemical potential distribution within each graphene segment via an external electronic source. The proposed functionalities encompass various programmable modes, including single and dual beam control in reflection mode, dual beam control in transmission mode, simultaneous control of dual beams in reflection mode-direct transmission, and vice versa, and control of beam steering in reflection mode-dual beams in transmission mode simultaneously. The proposed metasurface is expected to be reprogrammable due to wavefront manipulation in both half-spaces separately and continuously for various applications such as imaging systems, encryption, miniaturized systems, and next-generation wireless intelligent communications.
Analysis of androgen receptor expression and activity in the mouse brain
Authors: Dart D. Alwyn , Bevan Charlotte L. , Uysal-Onganer Pinar , Jiang Wen Guo
Published: May 2024

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the core treatment for advanced prostate cancer (PCa), with a proven survival benefit. ADT lowers circulating testosterone levels throughout the body, but with it comes a variety of reported side effects including fatigue, muscle wastage, weight gain, hot flushes and importantly cognitive impairment, depression, and mood swings. Testosterone has a key role in brain masculinization, but its direct effects are relatively poorly understood, due both to the brain’s extreme complexity and the fact that some of testosterone activities are driven via local conversion to oestrogen, especially during embryonic development. The exact roles, function, and location of the androgen receptor (AR) in the adult male brain are still being discovered, and therefore the cognitive side effects of ADT may be unrecognized or under-reported. The age of onset of several neurological diseases overlap with PCa, therefore, there is a need to separate ADT side effects from such co-morbidities. Here we analysed the activity and expression level of the AR in the adult mouse brain, using an ARE-Luc reporter mouse and immunohistochemical staining for AR in all the key brain regions via coronal slices. We further analysed our data by comparing to the Allen Mouse Brain Atlas. AR-driven luciferase activity and distinct nuclear staining for AR were seen in several key brain areas including the thalamus, hypothalamus, olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex, Purkinje cells of the cerebellum and the hindbrain. We describe and discuss the potential role of AR in these areas, to inform and enable extrapolation to potential side effects of ADT in humans.
Non-specific uptake of 18F-FAPI-04 in the pancreas and its related factors: a post-hoc analysis of an ongoing prospective clinical trial
Authors: Li Yan , Gao Jungang , Li Yang , Duan Xiaoyi , Shen Cong
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of the non-specific uptake (NSU) of 18F-labeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (18F-FAPI) of the pancreas and investigate the related factors. Totally, 78 patients who underwent both 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and 18F-FAPI PET/CT examinations were divided into normal (n = 53) and NSU (n = 25) groups. The differences in general information, medical history, laboratory indexes and uptake were compared. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to analyze the optimal cut-off values. The correlations between 18F-FAPI-SUVmax and blood cell analysis, liver function indexes, tumor markers, and inflammatory indices were analyzed. The logistic regression model was used to estimate the independent factors. Both 18F-FAPI (4.48 ± 0.98 vs. 2.01 ± 0.53, t = 11.718, P < 0.05) and 18F-FDG (2.23 ± 0.42 vs. 2.02 ± 0.44, t = 2.036, P = 0.045) showed significantly higher in NSU group. Patients in the NSU group tended to be complicated with a history of drinking (P = 0.034), chronic liver diseases (P = 0.006), and surgery of gastrectomy (P = 0.004). ROC analysis showed cutoff values of 3.25 and 2.05 for 18F-FAPI and 18F-FDG in identifying the NSU. Patients in the NSU group showed less platelet count, higher platelet volume, higher total bilirubin, direct or indirect bilirubin (P < 0.05). Platelet count, platelet crit, large platelet ratio, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), α-l-fucosidase, and total, direct or indirect bilirubin were correlated with 18F-FAPI-SUVmax (P < 0.05). AST [1.099 (1.014, 1.192), P = 0.021] and total bilirubin [1.137 (1.035, 1.249), P = 0.007] were two independent factors in the step forward logistic regression, and platelet/% [1.079 (1.004, 1.160), P = 0.039] and total bilirubin [1.459 (1.016, 2.095), P = 0.041] were two independent factors in the step backward logistic regression for the prediction of pancreatic uptake of 18F-FAPI. 18F-FAPI-PET/CT was better than 18F-FDG in predicting the pancreatic NSU, and NSU is related to a history of drinking, chronic liver diseases, gastrectomy, heteromorphic platelet, and impaired liver function.
An in-depth evaluation of federated learning on biomedical natural language processing for information extraction
Authors: Peng Le , Luo Gaoxiang , Zhou Sicheng , Chen Jiandong , Xu Ziyue , Sun Ju , Zhang Rui
Published: May 2024

Language models (LMs) such as BERT and GPT have revolutionized natural language processing (NLP). However, the medical field faces challenges in training LMs due to limited data access and privacy constraints imposed by regulations like the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Federated learning (FL) offers a decentralized solution that enables collaborative learning while ensuring data privacy. In this study, we evaluated FL on 2 biomedical NLP tasks encompassing 8 corpora using 6 LMs. Our results show that: (1) FL models consistently outperformed models trained on individual clients’ data and sometimes performed comparably with models trained with polled data; (2) with the fixed number of total data, FL models training with more clients produced inferior performance but pre-trained transformer-based models exhibited great resilience. (3) FL models significantly outperformed pre-trained LLMs with few-shot prompting.
Sex-dependent interactions between prodromal intestinal inflammation and LRRK2 G2019S in mice promote endophenotypes of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Fang Ping , Yu Lewis W. , Espey Hannah , Agirman Gulistan , Kazmi Sabeen A. , Li Kai , Deng Yongning , Lee Jamie , Hrncir Haley , Romero-Lopez Arlene , Arnold Arthur P. , Hsiao Elaine Y.
Published: May 2024

Gastrointestinal (GI) disruptions and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are commonly associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD), but how they may impact risk for PD remains poorly understood. Herein, we provide evidence that prodromal intestinal inflammation expedites and exacerbates PD endophenotypes in rodent carriers of the human PD risk allele LRRK2 G2019S in a sex-dependent manner. Chronic intestinal damage in genetically predisposed male mice promotes α-synuclein aggregation in the substantia nigra, loss of dopaminergic neurons and motor impairment. This male bias is preserved in gonadectomized males, and similarly conferred by sex chromosomal complement in gonadal females expressing human LRRK2 G2019S. The early onset and heightened severity of neuropathological and behavioral outcomes in male LRRK2 G2019S mice is preceded by increases in α-synuclein in the colon, α-synuclein-positive macrophages in the colonic lamina propria, and loads of phosphorylated α-synuclein within microglia in the substantia nigra. Taken together, these data reveal that prodromal intestinal inflammation promotes the pathogenesis of PD endophenotypes in male carriers of LRRK2 G2019S, through mechanisms that depend on genotypic sex and involve early accumulation of α-synuclein in myeloid cells within the gut.
TrxT and dhd are dispensable for Drosophila brain development but essential for l(3)mbt brain tumour growth
Authors: Molnar Cristina , Heinen Jan Peter , Reina Jose , Llamazares Salud , Palumbo Emilio , Pollarolo Giulia , Gonzalez Cayetano
Published: May 2024

Expression of the Drosophila cancer-germline (CG), X-linked, head-to-head gene pair TrxT and dhd is normally germline-specific but becomes upregulated in brain tumours caused by mutation in l(3)mbt. Here, we show that TrxT and dhd play a major synergistic role in the emergence of l(3)mbt tumour-linked transcriptomic signatures and tumour development, which is remarkable, taking into account that these two genes are never expressed together under normal conditions. We also show that TrxT, but not dhd, is crucial for the growth of l(3)mbt allografts, hence suggesting that the initial stages of tumour development and long-term tumour growth may depend on different molecular pathways. In humans, head-to-head inverted gene pairs are abundant among CG genes that map to the X chromosome. Our results identify a first example of an X-linked, head-to-head CG gene pair in Drosophila, underpinning the potential of such CG genes, dispensable for normal development and homoeostasis of somatic tissue, as targets to curtail malignant growth with minimal impact on overall health.
Encapsulation engineering of porous crystalline frameworks for delayed luminescence and circularly polarized luminescence
Authors: Lu Xiaoyan , Zhang Kun , Niu Xinkai , Ren Dan-Dan , Zhou Zhan , Dang Li-Long , Fu Hong-Ru , Tan Chaoliang , Ma Lufang , Zang Shuang-Quan
Published: May 2024

Delayed luminescence (DF) including phosphorescence and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) exhibit common and broad applications in optoelectronic displays, biological imaging and encryption.
Fe–Ni porphyrin/mesoporous titania thin film electrodes: a bioinspired nanoarchitecture for photoelectrocatalysis
Authors: Herrera Facundo C. , Caraballo Rolando M. , Vensaus Priscila , Soler Illia Galo J. A. A. , Hamer Mariana
Published: May 2024

Mesoporous TiO2 thin films with a crystalline structure were effectively produced and analyzed after modification with Fe and Ni porphyrins. The collaborative impact of these metal complexes was evaluated to determine if the simultaneous presence of both metalloporphyrins enhances the OER activity.
Non-damaging growth and band alignment of p-type NiO/β-Ga2O3 heterojunction diodes for high power applications
Authors: Min Ji Young , Labed Madani , Prasad Chowdam Venkata , Hong Jung Yeop , Jung Young-Kyun , Rim You Seung
Published: May 2024

We developed NiO/β-Ga2O3 heterojunction power devices with a breakdown voltage of −644 V, a low leakage current of about 1 × 10−6 (A cm−2) at −600 V and an on-resistance of 10.85 mΩ cm2 with high thermal stability with the operation temperature higher than 130 °C.
Prevention of ion migration in lead halide perovskites upon plugging the anion vacancies with PbSe islands
Authors: Khurana Swati , Yadav Priyesh , Natesan Priyadharsini , Hassan Md Samim , Pradhan Deepak Kumar , Sapra Sameer
Published: May 2024

Decorating CsPbX3 nanocrystals with PbSe islands plugs halide vacancies inhibiting anion migration.
Aggregate-state-dependent photochromism and circularly polarized luminescence of a chiral biquinoline amphiphile
Authors: Zhao Chenyang , Li Zujian , Ji Lukang , Wang Hanxiao , Ouyang Guanghui , Liu Minghua
Published: May 2024

UV or sunlight-induced radical generation within BQGA hydrogel led to interesting photochromism and the quench of fluorescence. In contrast, emission enhancement and circularly polarized luminescence was realized by fabricating a thin film of BQGA.
DNAzyme-activated CRISPR/Cas assay for sensitive and one-pot detection of lead contamination
Authors: Deng Ruijie , Bai Yaxuan , Liu Yumei , Lu Yunhao , Zhao Zhifeng , Deng Yi , Yang Hao
Published: May 2024

We present a DNAzyme-activated Cas12a tandem assay, termed DzCas12T, allowing for separation-free and one-pot detection of lead contamination with pM-sensitivity.
Multiple coherent amplitude modes and exciton–phonon coupling in quasi-one-dimensional excitonic insulator Ta2NiSe5
Authors: Jiang Yaohua , Mi Yang , Guo Jia , Wang Zixuan , Zhang Ning , Liu Bo , Luo Sheng-Nian
Published: May 2024

We investigate the coherent phonon dynamics and associated multiple exciton–phonon coupling in Ta2NiSe5 by femtosecond transient optical spectroscopy.
A low-temperature thermoelectric transport study of non-stoichiometric AgSbTe2
Authors: Devan Chinnu V. , Kurian Mahima M. , P. N. Santhosh , Varma Manoj Raama , Deb Biswapriya
Published: May 2024

In recent times, considerable attention has been given to examining the impact of micro/nanostructure on the thermoelectric characteristics of nonstoichiometric AgSbTe2.
Microalloying induced stable welded interfaces for highly reversible zero-excess sodium metal batteries
Authors: Xie Chunlin , Wu Hao , Liang Kang , Ding Zhengping , Dai Jiawen , Zhang Rui , Zhang Qi , Sun Dan , Ren Yurong , Li Yixin , Tang Yougen , Wang Haiyan
Published: May 2024

A microalloying welding strategy modified by nano-zinc coating was proposed to construct sodophilic interfaces and form a thin and robust organic/inorganic hybrid SEI in situ.
Reactive oxygen species on indoor surfaces
Authors: Yao Zhenduo , Morrison Glenn
Published: May 2024

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are present on indoor surfaces and form dynamically on surfaces coated with lipid mixtures that simulate indoor surface coatings.
Lactococcus cremoris D2022 alleviates hyperuricemia and suppresses renal inflammation via potential gut-kidney axis
Authors: Wang Zhihuan , Huang Yuanming , Yang Tao , Song Liqiong , Xiao Yuchun , Chen Yulu , Chen Mengshan , Li Mingding , Ren Zhihong
Published: May 2024

D2022 attenuated HUA via gut-kidney axis.
Gut microbiota–bile acid axis mediated the beneficial associations between dietary lignans and hyperuricemia: a prospective study
Authors: Zhuo Lai-Bao , Yang Yingdi , Xiao Congmei , Li Fanqin , Lin Lishan , Xi Yue , Fu Yuanqing , Zheng Ju-Sheng , Chen Yu-ming
Published: May 2024

Dietary lignan consumption was inversely associated with the incidence of hyperuricemia, with the gut microbiota–bile acid axis potentially mediating this relationship.
Correction: Gastric coagulation and postprandial amino acid absorption of milk is affected by mineral composition: a randomized crossover trial
Authors: van Eijnatten Elise J. M. , Roelofs Julia J. M. , Camps Guido , Huppertz Thom , Lambers Tim T. , Smeets Paul A. M.
Published: May 2024

Correction for ‘Gastric coagulation and postprandial amino acid absorption of milk is affected by mineral composition: a randomized crossover trial’ by Elise J. M. van Eijnatten et al., Food Funct., 2024, 15, 3098–3107, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3FO04063A.
Water enhanced photo-oxidation of alcohols on colloidal quantum dots
Authors: Yang Xian , Su Yanling , Wang Teng , Hu Yanfang , Li Yonglong , Xie Wei
Published: May 2024

CdS QDs were used as photocatalysts for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol in water. The combined experimental and theoretical calculation results reveal a unique phenomenon in which water acts as an “accelerator” for the oxidation reaction.
Determining the hydrocarbon chain growth pathway in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis through DFT calculations: impact of cobalt cluster size
Authors: Veiskarami Somayyeh , Nakheai Pour Ali , Saljoughi Ehsan , Mohammadi Ali
Published: May 2024

In the present work, the barrier energies (Eb) of CH4 formation and C–C coupling and the mechanism of Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) on different cluster sizes of cobalt were investigated.
Highly stable non-enzymatic glucose sensor based on ternary NiCoFe-layered hydroxide grown on graphene oxide
Authors: Liao Lumin , Xu Fen , Sun Lixian , Luo Yumei , Guan Yanxun , Ouyang Jie , Zeng Julan , Cao Zhong , Pan Hongge , Li Dianpeng
Published: May 2024

Here, ternary layer hydroxide (NiCoFe-LDH) nanosheets have been grafted in situ onto graphene oxide (GO) using a one-pot hydrothermal method to obtain NiCoFe-LDH/GO for the fabrication of a non-enzymatic glucose sensor with high stability.
An electrochemical aptasensor based on Ce-MOF@COF to detect carcinoembryonic antigen
Authors: Li Shurui , Cao Tianzi , Zhang Han , Sun Yuanling , Luo Chuannan
Published: May 2024

In the presence of H2O2, Au@Ce-MOF@COF-HRP can effectively promote the oxidation of hydroquinone (HQ) to benzoquinone (BQ), and the electrochemical reduction signal of BQ was significantly amplified.
Tunable multicolor fluorescence of polyurethane derivatives controlled by molecular weight
Authors: Li Ke-Xin , Meng Ya-Jie , Zhu Chang-Yi , Jiang Nan , Xu Jia-Wei , Xu Yan-Hong
Published: May 2024

Boron-containing luminescent polymers have been extensively studied for their tunable absorption/emission and excellent light stability.
A proof-of-concept study on a fully biobased and degradable polymer network based on vanillin and myrcene
Authors: Löser Pia S. , Lamouroux Arthur , Meier Michael A. R. , Llevot Audrey
Published: May 2024

A vanillin monomer featuring a carbonate linkage in its center was synthesized and used to prepare degradable biobased polymer networks.
Interplay of a nitro group and metal ions: from coordinative binding to noncovalent semicoordination
Authors: Suslonov Vitalii V. , Soldatova Natalia S. , Ivanov Daniil M. , Postnikov Pavel S. , Gomila Rosa M. , Frontera Antonio , Semenov Artem V. , Kukushkin Vadim Yu. , Bokach Nadezhda A.
Published: May 2024

A place for M⋯ONO2 semicoordination was found in the entire range of interactions that occur between a NO2 group and metal sites.
Multi-controlled ternary emission of platinum(ii) switches as a visual optical sensor for enzyme and pH detection
Authors: Shu Zhu , Lei Xin , Zeng Qingguo , Ai Yeye , Chen Xinyi , Lv Yanglin , Shao Yunchu , Ji Guohua , Sun Tingjing , Xiao Guanjun , Li Yongguang
Published: May 2024

Luminescent platinum(ii) complexes as a ternary optical switch for visualized determination were realized by modulating the monomeric, excimeric and ground-aggregated state via an assembly method.
Optimization of switching charge and recoverable energy density mediated by structural transformation in Sr-substituted BaNiO3 perovskites
Authors: Manj Rana Muhammad Ahmad Khan , Ramay Shahid M. , Shar M. A. , Naseem Shahzad , Atiq Shahid
Published: May 2024

Because of their distinctive characteristics, ferroelectric perovskites are considered among the most potent and auspicious candidates for energy storage and pulsed power devices.
Identification of acetaldehyde based on plasmonic patterns of a gold nanostructure conjugated with chromophore and H2O2: a new platform for the rapid and low-cost analysis of carcinogenic agents by colorimetric affordable test strip (CATS)
Authors: Farshchi Fatemeh , Saadati Arezoo , Bahavarnia Farnaz , Hasanzadeh Mohammad , Shadjou Nasrin
Published: May 2024

A new portable device has been created to specifically detect acetaldehyde by using gold nano-flowers.
Correction: Expanded graphite incorporated with Li4Ti5O12 nanoparticles as a high-rate lithium-ion battery anode
Authors: Zhao Junkang , Zhu Xiayu , Zhang Wenfeng , Qiu Jingyi , Zhai Feiyue , Zhang Huimin , Cao Gaoping , Gao Shengji , Ding Fei , Xiang Yu
Published: May 2024

Correction for ‘Expanded graphite incorporated with Li4Ti5O12 nanoparticles as a high-rate lithium-ion battery anode’ by Junkang Zhao et al., RSC Adv., 2024, 14, 11276–11283, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4RA00832D.
Expression of concern: Enhancement of anti-leukemic potential of 2-hydroxyphenyl-azo-2′-naphthol (HPAN) on MOLT-4 cells through conjugation with Cu(ii)
Authors: Deb Tathagata , Gopal Priya Kalyan , Ganguly Durba , Das Piyal , Paul Mausumi , Saha Manju Bikash , Paul Santanu , Das Saurabh
Published: May 2024

Expression of concern for ‘Enhancement of anti-leukemic potential of 2-hydroxyphenyl-azo-2′-naphthol (HPAN) on MOLT-4 cells through conjugation with Cu(ii)’ by Tathagata Deb et al., RSC Adv., 2014, 4, 18419–18430, https://doi.org/10.1039/C3RA44765K.
Topological defects in multi-layered swarming bacteria
Authors: Yashunsky Victor , Pearce Daniel J. G. , Ariel Gil , Be’er Avraham
Published: May 2024

Topological defects, which are singular points in a director field, play a major role in shaping the multi-layered structure of the swarm.
Implication of surface oxidation of nanoscale molybdenum carbide on electrocatalytic activity
Authors: Yu Siying , Gautam Ankit Kumar , Gao Di , Kuhn Andrew N. , He Haozhen , Mironenko Alexander V. , Yang Hong
Published: May 2024

The surface oxidation of molybdenum carbide nanoparticles was controlled by the electrochemical method. The impact of surface oxidation on catalytic properties was studied by both spectroscopic and computational methods.
Recent advances in aqueous and non-aqueous alkali metal hybrid ion capacitors
Authors: Jia Ziyang , Hou Shunkang , Peng Jun , Wu Xiongwei , Tang Wei , Sun Wei , Lv Shanguang , Yuan Xinhai , Liu Lili , Wu Yuping
Published: May 2024

Challenges and progress made in alkali metal hybrid ion capacitors are discussed, including electrode materials, mechanisms, device/electrode components, electrochemical properties, and structural regulation in aqueous and nonaqueous systems.
Research progress of ZIC5 for tumor metastasis
Authors: Zhong Yiming , Yang Shangzhi , Wang Xianli , Sun Chuanyu
Published: May 2024

The zinc finger protein of the cerebellum (ZIC) family comprises five members (ZIC1–5), homologous with the odd-paired (OPA) gene in Drosophila melanogila. These transcription factors contain five Cys2His zinc finger domains, constituting one of the most abundant transcription factor families in human cells. ZIC proteins significantly contribute to transcriptional regulation and chromatin remodeling. As a member of the ZIC family, ZIC5 is essential for animal growth and development. Numerous studies have investigated the connection between ZIC proteins and cancer as well as tumor metastases in recent years. Many studies have found that within tumor tissues, the transcription and translation processes increase the expression of ZIC5 which is linked to tumor aggressiveness. This review aims to provide an objective summary of the impact of ZIC5 on tumor metastasis and consider the potential application of ZIC5 targets in both tumor therapy and the early detection of cancer.
Enhancing Early Identification of Speech-Language-Hearing Delays Through Interprofessional Peer Teaching in a Communication Sciences and Disorders Graduate Training Program
Authors: Lopez Leslie C. , Guidry Megan
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

In the current health care landscape, a paradigm shift toward team-based care is underway. Integrating interprofessional education experiences into graduate communication sciences and disorders (CSD) programs is essential to cultivate collaborative skills and prepare future professionals for the interprofessional demands of the field. Within this context, peer teaching has emerged as a noteworthy strategy to promote learning. This study aims to contribute to this evolving field by reporting the impact of an interprofessional (speech-language pathology and audiology) peer teaching educational intervention on physician assistant (PA) students' knowledge of speech-language-hearing developmental milestones and developmental screening.

Method:

A quantitative, descriptive methodology with a pretest, posttest interventional design was utilized to assess the impact of a CSD peer-led educational intervention on the knowledge of 35 PA students. The perceived satisfaction of the PA students with the peer-led educational experience was also evaluated.

Results:

Data analysis revealed a significant increase on knowledge posttest scores compared to pretest scores. PA students also reported an overall positive peer learning experience.

Conclusion:

The collaboration between speech-language pathology, audiology, and PA students through peer teaching holds significant importance in the context of pediatric primary care, and for CSD graduate trainings programs interested in improving educational experiences that tailor to interprofessional learning and practice.
Perception of Voicing and Aspiration in Hindi, American English, and Tamil Listeners in Quiet and in Background Noise
Authors: Antony Reethee , Martin Brett , Shafer Valerie , Behrens Susan
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

There is a dearth of literature in determining whether language groups for whom aspiration and/or voicing is phonologically contrastive show better perception relative to those who do not use these features contrastively and whether the cue type modulates perception in noise. This study addresses perception of laryngeal cues (voicing and aspiration) by Hindi, English, and Tamil listeners, in quiet and in noise.

Method:

Sixteen participants between 20 and 45 years of age were included in each of the three language groups. The stimuli were bilabial stops that contrasted phonetically in voicing and aspiration, voicing-lead [ba], short-lag [pa], and long-lag aspirated [pha], with one set corresponding to the Hindi phonemes /ba/, /pa/, and /p
h
a/ and the second set to the English phonemes /ba/ and /pa/ (which are phonetically [pa] and [pha], respectively). Tamil includes only the short-lag [pa] as a bilabial stop consonant. The stimuli were presented at 70 dB SPL, in quiet and in speech-shaped noise at a signal-to-noise ratio of 0. Participants performed two speech identification tasks and a speech discrimination task.

Results:

Patterns of perceptual assimilation related to the first language were observed in all three language groups, and accuracy was generally higher in quiet than in noise. Hindi participants identified the English /pa/ as Hindi /p
h
a/ and English /ba/ as Hindi /pa/. The American English participants identified Hindi /p
h
a/ as English /pa/ and both the Hindi /pa/ and Hindi /ba/ as English /ba/. In contrast, Tamil listeners generally perceived both Hindi and English bilabial stops as one category, regardless of voicing and aspiration. English and Hindi participants generally showed higher accuracy for native language stimuli. Patterns of assimilation in quiet and noise differed across language groups for each stimulus type. The aspirated stimuli were most likely to be misperceived in noise by all groups (often as /ha/).

Conclusions:

The results serve as evidence that listeners accurately access native language speech cues, even in noise. The results contribute toward a better understanding of cross-linguistic speech processing in noise.
Unveiling the Neutral Difference and Its Automated Search
Authors: Lv Guangqiu , Jin Chenhui , Shi Zhen , Cui Ting
Published: May 2024

Given a differential characteristic and an existing plaintext pair that satisfies it (referred to as a right pair), generating additional right pairs at a reduced cost is an appealing prospect. The neutral bit technique, referred to as neutral differences throughout this paper, provides a solution to this challenge. Traditionally, the search for neutral differences has heavily depended on experimental testing, leading to limitations in the search range. In this work, we propose the neutral difference table and establish a link between boomerang cryptanalysis and neutral differences. Furthermore, we propose an automated search for neutral differences to address the problem of a limited search range of neutral differences, as previous approaches relied on experimental testing. This approach provides a basis for the subspace spanned by the neutral differences, and we apply this technique to both SPECK32 and LEA, where the predicted results closely match the experimental ones. Consequently, we present the improved differential‐linear distinguishers for SPECK32 and LEA, along with the 18‐round attacks on LEA192 and LEA256 with the lowest time complexity up to date.
Eigenspectrum regularisation reverse neighbourhood discriminative learning
Authors: Xie Ming , Tan Hengliang , Du Jiao , Yang Shuo , Yan Guofeng , Li Wangwang , Feng Jianwei
Published: May 2024

Linear discriminant analysis is a classical method for solving problems of dimensional reduction and pattern classification. Although it has been extensively developed, however, it still suffers from various common problems, such as the Small Sample Size (SSS) and the multimodal problem. Neighbourhood linear discriminant analysis (nLDA) was recently proposed to solve the problem of multimodal class caused by the contravention of independently and identically distributed samples. However, due to the existence of many small‐scale practical applications, nLDA still has to face the SSS problem, which leads to instability and poor generalisation caused by the singularity of the within‐neighbourhood scatter matrix. The authors exploit the eigenspectrum regularisation techniques to circumvent the singularity of the within‐neighbourhood scatter matrix of nLDA, which is called Eigenspectrum Regularisation Reverse Neighbourhood Discriminative Learning (ERRNDL). The algorithm of nLDA is reformulated as a framework by searching two projection matrices. Three eigenspectrum regularisation models are introduced to our framework to evaluate the performance. Experiments are conducted on the University of California, Irvine machine learning repository and six image classification datasets. The proposed ERRNDL‐based methods achieve considerable performance.