bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Collagen synthesis of human arterial smooth muscle cells: Effects of platelet‐derived growth factor, transforming growth factor‐β1 and interleukin‐1
Authors: Okada Yoshikatsu , Katsuda Shogo , Watanabe Hideto , Nakanishi Isao
Published: December 2008

The effects of platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) and interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) on collagen synthesis of cultured human arterial smooth muscle cells in a confluent state were investigated. Synthetic activity of collagenous protein was determined with [3H]‐proline uptake, and subsequent analysis of collagen types by sodium dodecylsulfte‐polyacrylmide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) followed by fluorography. Although PDGF (0.5 U/mL and 5.0 U/mL) enhanced total collagen synthesis per dish, it suppressed total collagen synthesis per DNA (DNA content in a dish). TGF‐β1 (10 pmol/L and 100 pmol/L) enhanced total collagen synthesis both per dish and per DNA. IL‐1 (0.1 U/mL and 1.0 U/mL) suppressed total collagen synthesis both per dish and per DNA. A fluorogram revealed that human arterial smooth muscle cells synthesize types I, III, IV and V collagen. Densitometric analysis showed PDGF suppressed the proportion of type V collagen. TGF‐β1 increased the proportions of types IV and V collagen. IL‐1 elicited un‐remarkable change in the proportion of collagen types. These results suggest that, in the event of human atherosclerosis, TGS‐β1 is most effective in enhancing collagen synthesis, and PDGF modulates collagen metabolism by stimulating a cell division of smooth muscle cells with a resultant increase of collagenous protein, especially of type V collagen.
Primitive neuroectodermal tumors of bone and soft tissue: Histological subclassification and clinicopathologic correlations
Authors: Shishikura Akihiro , Ushigome Shinichiro , Shimoda Tadakazu
Published: December 2008

Recent reports of Ewing's sarcoma (EW) and extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma (EEW) support the hypothesis that these tumors are neuroectodermal in origin.

Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) of bone (32 cases) and soft tissue (25 cases) includiong those previously categorized as EW in 27 cases and EEW in 15 cases were carefully studied histologically, immunocytochemically and morphometrically, focusing on tumor cell differentiation.

This study attempts to subclassify these tumors on the basis of the size of tumor cells and nuclei, their variations (uniformity or diversity), arrangement of tumor cells (rosette or non‐rosette), focal differentiation to larger ganglion‐like cells, and staining intensity for neural markers.

All tumors were histologically subclassified as small, medium or large cell types, three basic subtypes (rosette type, abortive rosette type, non‐rosette type) and four complementary subtypes (fibrillary type, non‐fibrillary type, angiomatoid type, ganglion cell type). Classic EW or EEW is consistent with small or medium, non‐rosette, non‐fibrillary type tumors, previously described large cell EW with large, non‐rosette, fibrillary or non‐fibrillary type tumors, and classic neuroectodermal tumor with small or medium rosette, fibrillary type tumors, according to the present subclassification.

Clinicopathologic correlations with the different subtypes are discussed. Long‐term survival, more than 5 years, was seen in patients with small cell type, and those younger than 14 years of age.
Malignant nerve sheath tumor with rhabdomyoblastic differentiation arising from the acoustic nerve
Authors: Maeda Matsuyoshi , Jozaki Toshinori , Baba Satoshi , Muro Hiroyuki , Shirasawa Haruyuki , Ichihashi Toshikazu
Published: December 2008

A case of a malignant nerve sheath tumor with rhabdomyoblastic differentiation arising from the acoustic nerve in a 38 year old man is reported. At autopsy, the tumor was found to be extensively involved in the right cerebellopontine angle of the brain stem. Histologically, the tumor was composed mainly of spindle‐shaped tumor cells proliferating in hypercellular fascicles scattered with pleomorphic cells. The tumor cells were characterized by high mitotic activity and invasive growth. Occasional tumor cells had eosinophilic cytoplasm, which in a few cases was cross‐striated. Cytoplasmic interdigitations and a thick basal lamina were confirmed ultrastructurally. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that some tumor cells were positive for myoglobin and desmin, but weakly positive or negative for S‐100 protein. The patient did not have von Recklinghausen's disease.
Histological difference between complete responders and nonresponders to interferon therapy of the livers of patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Uchida Toshikazu , Taira Masaaki , Shikata Toshio , Moriyama Mitsuhiro , Tanaka Naohide , Okubo Hitoshi , Arakawa Yasuyuki
Published: December 2008

Liver histology was compared in patients with chronic hepatitis C to note the differences between responders and nonresponders to interferon treatment. Fifty‐eight patients were administered interferon in varying doses and over various periods, and were then followed up for 1 year. According to the improvement status of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels during this period, the patients were classified into complete responders who showed complete normalization of ALT; partial responders who exhibited a significant decrease, but not complete normalization of ALT. Before application of the interferon treatment, liver biopsies were analyzed in four parameters and given scores from 0 to 5 for three groups in cord with no prior knowledge of the efficacy. The parameters included necroinflammation, fibrosis/lobular distortion, portal lymphocytic reaction and portal (or fibrous septal) outline destruction. Results indicated that there were no significant differences in the score of necroinflammation and portal lymphocytic reaction between the complete responder group and the nonresponder group. In contrast, the complete responder group exhibited weaker fibrosis/lobular distortion and less portal outline destruction than the non‐responder group. The partial responder group was more akin to the former group in these parameters. Thus, it is safe to conclude that liver histology may predict the efficacy of interferon treatment.
A human T cell line with an abnormal trisomy 2 karyotype established by coculture of peripheral lymphocytes with an HTLV‐II‐infected simian leukocyte cell line
Authors: Ohara Nobuya , Hayashi Kazuhiko , Miyamoto Kanji , Tomita Norlko , Fujiwara Kotaro , Kondo Eisaku , Takahashi Kiyoshi , Ohtsuki Yuji , Akagl Tadaatsau
Published: December 2008

A new human T cell in with a chromosomal abnormality (47, XY, +2), designated AS‐IIA, was established by coculturing peripheral blood leukocytes of a healthy adult male with a lethally irradiated human T lymphotropic virus type II (HTLV‐II)‐infected simian leukocyted cell line (Si‐IIA). A polymerase chain reaction method showed that this interleukin‐2 (IL‐2)‐dependent cell line possessed the HTLV‐II provirus genome; the cells also reacted with HTLV‐II‐positive human sera, anti‐HTLV‐I/II p24, and anti‐HTLV‐II gp46 antibodies. AS‐IIA cells expressed the suppressor/cytotoxic T cell markers CD3+, CD4‐, CD25+, and HLA‐DR+, with later conversion ot CD8‐. These cells showed better proliferation than other human HTLV‐II‐infected cell lines with normal karyotypes, but were not transplantable into severe combined immunodeficiency mice. Virus production from AS‐IIA was confirmed not only by electron microscopic examination, which revealed mature and immature type C virus particels, but also by the capacity of the line to immortalize human T cells. These results suggest that HTLV‐II shows broad tropism for T cells including CD4+ or CD8+, and that not only SI‐IIA, but also AS‐IIA, are goode sources of HTLV‐II. The authors of the present study believe that AS‐IIA may be a useful human T cell line for the investigation of HTLV‐II in comarison with HTLV‐I.
Clinicopathologic, enzyme and hisotchemical studies of centrocytic (mantle cell) lymphoma: Comparison with other types of low‐grade B cell lymphoma bases on the updated Kiel classification
Authors: Takeshita Morishige , Masuda Yuichi , Sumiyoshi Yoshiaki , Ohshima Kohichi , Kikuchi Masahiro , Kimura Nobuhiro , Okamura Takashi , Nishimura Junji , Kozuru Mitsuo
Published: December 2008

Lymph nodes from 21 cases of malignant lymphoma of a centrocytic (mantle cell) type, (ML, cc (mc)) were examined. All the cases had monoclonal surface immunoglobulin (sig) M and/or D, but were negative for CD 10 (CALLA), and CD11c (LeuM5). Lymphoma cells with CD25 (anti‐Tac)+, CD5 (Leu1)+, and alkaline phosphatase (ALPase)‐in eight cases showed bone marrow involvement (10–66% of the nucleated cells; mean 32± 18%) but with no leukemic changes. These eight cases has a similar phenotype and were distributed by the lymphoma cells to the examined B‐chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Seven cases showed an infiltration of CD25‐, CD5+, and AL Pase‐ lymphoma cells, in which only two cases showed focal bone marrow involvement.There was a close relationship between CD25 expression and bone marrow invasion by the lymphoma cells in ML, cc(mc). Three of the six CD25‐ and CD5‐ cases presented zonal proliferation of AlPase+ lymphoma cells with round nuciee and a high anti‐proliferating cell nuclear antigen/cyclin (PCNA/c) rate in the mantle zone and paracortex, accompanied by a prominent interdigitating dendritic and histiocytic cell reaction. Examined CD25‐, CD5‐ and ALPase+ lymphoma showed a neoplastic counterpart of so‐called marginal zone lymphocytes, which was different from other cases of ML, cc (mc). Lymphoma cells in ML, cc(mc), except for those of the so‐called marginal zone lymphoma, might be derived from slgM+, D+/‐, CD25+/‐, CD5+/‐, ALPase‐, CD10‐ and CD11c‐ lymphocytes present in the mantle zone and primary lymph follicles. Other types of lowgrade B cell neoplasms that were examined had different tumor cell markersfor ig, CD5, CD10, CD11c, a higher PCNA/c rate, and prominent dendritic cells and histiocytic reaction when compared with those of ML, cc (mc).
Immunophenotypic and molecular analysis of a case of lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia
Authors: Kawabuchi Beniyo , Tsuchiya Shigehiro , Nakagawa Ken , Sasajima Yuko , More Shigeo , Marchinaml Rikuo , Tsuchiya Eiju
Published: December 2008

A case of lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia was studied immunophenotypically and with molecular methods in order to clarify its lymphocytic clonality. The patient, a 43 year old Japanese female, underwent lobectomy for a suspected malignant lymphoma as no clear diagnosis could be made from the biopsy specimen. An ill‐demarcated, yellowish and elastic firm lesion measuring 60 times 35 times 20 mm in size was located in the peripheral part of the middle lobe of the right lung. Histologically, the alveolar, peribronchial‐vascular and subpleural interstitia within the lesion were thickened markedly with severe cellular infiltration largely composed of small lymphocytes with germinal centers. lmmunostaining revealed immunoglobulin (lg) kappa and lg lambda‐bearing cells to be evenly distributed, suggestive of polyspecificity. Immunoglobulin gene analysis further demonstrated the unrearranged germ‐line DNA but no rearranged band. These results strongly indicated a reactive process rather than a neoplastic nature for the lesion.
Lipofibromatous hamartoma of nerve in the foot
Authors: Hirakawa Eiichiro , Miki Hiroshi , Kobayashi Shoji , Ohmori Masaki , Arima Nobuo
Published: December 2008

A case of lipofibromatous hamartoma in the foot is described. This tumor‐like lesion commonly occurs in the hands, wrists and forearms of young persons. The median nerve is affected in the great majority of cases. Only very rarely, however, is it found in the nerves of the foot. It is believed that the present study is the seventh reported case of lipofibromatous hamartoma in the foot, and is the first case reported in Japan. A review shall be made of the six reported cases in the foot.
Pulmonary disorders in infants
Authors: Nakamura Yasuhiro
Published: December 2008

Pulmonary disorders in infants are intimately related to the pulmonary development during the antenatal, neonatal and infantile period. In this review, normal pulmonary development is considered and several pulmonary disorders such as pulmonary hypoplasia, pulmonary sequestration, congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation, hyaline membrane disease, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, Wilson‐Mikity syndrome and perinatal pneumonia are presented in light of the current literature.
Pathological studies on sarcoidosis autopsy. I. Epidemiological features of 320 cases in Japan
Authors: Iwai Kazuro , Tachibana Teruo , Takemura Tamiko , Matsui Yasuo , Kitalchi Masanori , Kawabata Yoshinori
Published: December 2008

Three hundred and twenty autopsy cases of sarcoidosis during a 32 year period were collected from the Annuals of the Pathological Autopsy Cases in Japan, published yearly since 1958, and from a literature survey. A statistical analysis of these reviewed autopsy cases was carried out on the epidemiological features of the disease and on the causes of death.

The proportion of sarcoidosis autopsy cases relative to the total autopsy cases had increased during this 32 year period. The increase of sarcoidosis autopsies during this period was chiefly due to the increase in aged females; the total number of female cases was approximately two times more than that of males. As over half of the total cases had only a pathological diagnosis and not a clinical diagnosis for sarcoidosis, the actual morbidity from sarcoidosis that was estimated from the autopsy data and corrected by autopsy rate was over five times higher than that of the clinically recognized cases.

Age and sex distribution of these cases peaked in the thirties for both sexes, while another very high peak was noted in females over 50 years of age. In approximately 60% of the sarcoidosis autopsies, the cause of death related to sarcoid lesions in the heart, lung or nervous system, the majority of which involved cardiac sarcoidosis. In the remaining 40% of the cases, the cause of death was from non‐sarcoidosis diseases.
c‐myc, ras p21 and p53 Expression in pleomorphic adenoma and its malignant form of the human salivary glands
Authors: Deguchi Hiroyo , Hamano Hironori , Hayashi Yoshio
Published: December 2008

Using an immunohistochemical study and an immunoblot analysis, the expression of cellular oncogenes of the human salivary glands such as c‐myc, ras p21, and p53 tumorsuppressor gene in pleomorphic adenomas and its malignant form, carcinoma in pleomorphic adenomas was examined to evaluate a differential biological significance, in comparison with that in normal salivary gland tissues. Immunohistochemically, the c‐myc product was detected in 42% of the pleomorphic adenomas and in 56% of the carcinomas in pleomorphic adenoma. The ras p21 expression was observed in 24% of pleomorphic adenomas, and in 50% of carcinomas in pleomorphic adenoma. The p53 protein was detected in 18% of the pleomorphic adenomas and in 67% of the carcinomas in pleomorphic adenoma. Although there was no significant difference between the benign and malignant forms for the expression of c‐myc, a statistical significance in ras p21 and p53 expression was found between the pleomorphic adenoma and its malignant form (P < 0.05) and P< 0.001, respectively). An immunoblotting assay clearly demonstrated the expression of c‐myc and p53 gene products in both the benign and malignant forms of the pleomorphic adenoma, and that of ras p21 in the malignant form. These results indicate that activation of c‐myc and ras p21 proto‐oncogenes and the involvement of p53 mutation may play important roles in the malignant transformation of salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma.
Mixed gonadal dysgenesis: Endogenous hormonal effects in the endometrium and histogenesis of germinoma
Authors: Motoyama Teiichi , Tanikawa Toshitaka , Watanabe Hidenobu
Published: December 2008

The clinicopathologic features of two patients with mixed gonadal dysgenesis are presented, with specific reference to the relationship between endogenous sex hormones and the endometrium and the development of neoplastic disease. One patient, whose immature gonad contained granulosa cells and theca cells, had elevated serum estrogen levels and an endometrium with frequent ciliated metaplasia and squamous metaplasia. Another patient had elevated serum testosterone levels and atrophic endometrium. Both had gonadal tumors, more specifically, germinomas, which contained many calcified nodules within the tumor. These findings suggest that these germinomas arose from a gonadoblastoma.
Papillary adenocarcinoma of the epididymis
Authors: Kurihara Kenji , Oka Akihikro , Mannami Makoto , Iwata Yasushi
Published: December 2008

An 82 year old man with a unilateral epididymal mass was found, on histopathologic examination of a surgically removed specimen, to have a primary papillary adenocarcinoma of a clear cell variant which mimicked renal cell carcinoma. Repeated imaging studies confirmed the absence of renal cell carcinoma. Because the present case had great similarities in histologic appearance and anatomical location to papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis, it may be a malignant Counterpart of the latter type of tumor.
Effect of PSK, a protein‐bound polysaccharide preparation, on liver tumors of Syrian hamsters induced by Thorotrast injection
Authors: Shiga Junji , Maruyama Takashi , Takahashi Hisahide , Irie Hiroshi , Mori Takesaburo
Published: December 2008

The contrast medium Thorotrast, an agent well known to be carcinogenic, was injected into 400 congeneic Syrian hamsters. The resulting incidence of malignant hepatic tumors such as cholangiocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma and hemangiosarcoma, was significantly higher in the male experimental group than in the control group, and the 50% survival period in the male group was shortened by about 100 days (P < 0.01). However administration of the antitumor drug PSK (Polysaccharide Kureha), a protein bound‐polysaccharide extracted from basidiomycete fungi, prevented this carcinogenic effect. The incidence of malignant hepatic tumors in the experimental group was 22.5% compared with 2.8% in the control group (P < 0.01) and 10.5% in the PSK‐treated group (P < 0.01). PSK also increased the 50% survival period by 61 days (P < 0.01).
Immunohistological differentiation of benign thyroid follicular cell tumors from malignant ones: Usefulness of anti‐peroxidase and JT‐95 antibodies
Authors: Yamashita Hiroto , Noguchi Shiro , Murakami Nobuo , Adachi Mitsuo , Maruta Junko
Published: December 2008

An immunohistological investigation using anti‐thyroid peroxidase (PO) and JT‐95 (JT) antibodies was conducted on surgical specimens of papillary carcinoma (n= 12), follicular carcinoma (n= 8), follicular adenoma with prominent papillary structure (n= 12), follicular adenoma (n= 8) and adenomatous goiter (n= 8). In benign lesions, follicle‐forming and papillae‐forming epithelia showed positive staining with anti‐PO antibody. In 26 of 28 benign lesions, PO‐positive areas covered 50% or more of the cut surface area of the lesions. However in carcinomas, PO‐positive areas were non‐existent (13/20) or only focal (7/20) and the papillae did not stain. The incidence of JT‐positive cases was higher in papillary carcinomas (12/12) than in other lesions (13/36). JT‐positive areas were much wider than PO‐positive areas in papillary carcinomas, whereas in benign lesions, PO‐positive areas were wider than or at least roughly equal to, JT‐positive areas. Follicular carcinomas did not stain or stained only focally with these antibodies. In conclusion, these two antibodies seem useful in differentiating benign from malignant follicular cell tumors.
Renal cell adenomas and carcinomas in hemodialysis patients: Relationship between hemodialysis period and development of lesions
Authors: Takahashi Satoru , Shirai Tomoyuki , Ogawa Kumiko , Imaida Katsumi , Yamazaki Chikao , Ito Akira , Masuko Kazuo , Ito Nobuyuki
Published: December 2008

Step‐sections of 96 whole kidneys from 50 chronic hemodialysis patients were subjected to a histopathological and quantitative investigation with regard to the development of renal neoplastic lesions. The range of hemodialysis duration was from 1 to 222 months. A total of 349 renal cell adenomas were found in 41 cases (82%). They were commonly multiple and present bilaterally. Renal cell carcinomas were evident in four cases (8%), with hemodialysis durations of 54, 57, 112 and 222 months. The incidence of adenomas increased in a hemodialysis duration‐dependent manner, indicating a high risk of renal cell tumor development in chronic hemodialysis patients. Furthermore, acquired cystic disease of the kidney (ACDK) was also observed in 12 cases (24.0%), where the mean hemodialysis period was 143.4 ± 48.0 months. This value was significantly longer than that of non‐ACDK cases (P < 0.001). There was, however, no clear relationship between the appearance of ACDK and renal cell tumors. The present results underline the necessity for attention to possible neoplasia of the kidney in patients on long‐term hemodialysis.
Splenic hemangiosarcoma with sinus endothelial differentiation
Authors: Takato Hidekichi , Iwamoto Hisashi , Ikezu Mitsuru , Kato Norio , Ikarashi Toshihiko , Kaneko Hiroshi
Published: December 2008

A case of primary splenic hemangiosarcoma where the tumors entirely replaced the spleen is reported. Histologically, the splenic tumors consisted of two major components: (i) solid and nodular areas, in which spindle cells (SC) were arranged in interlacing fascicles; and (ii) vasoformative areas, in which vascular lining cells (VC) closely resembled normal splenic sinus endothelial cells (SSEC) in shape. Both SC and VC were immunoreactive with the markers of vascular endothelial cells (EC) including SSEC, JC70, von Willebrand factor, OKM5, vimentin MAb and Ulex europaeus‐1 lectin. The tumor cells were positive for OKM5 MAb as well as normal SSEC and sheathed arterial EC, but other vascular EC in normal spleen were negative. Enzyme‐histochemically, the tumor cells and normal SSEC revealed naphthol AS‐D acetate esterase activity but no reaction for ALPase, whereas normal vascular EC other than SSEC in the spleen were positive for the latter but negative for the former. These studies revealed that the tumor cells expressed the same phenotype as normal SSEC. To the present authors' knowledge this is the first report demonstrating sinus endothelial differentiation of splenic hemangiosarcoma, enzyme‐ and immuno‐histochemically.
Segmental glomerular necrosis as an active index of IgA nephropathy: A study with 100 serial sections of 128 cases
Authors: Shouno Yoshiyuki , Shimokama Tatsuro , Sakemi Takanobu , Harada Atsumi , Yamaguchi Masaya , Watanabe Teruo
Published: December 2008

One hundred serial sections from each of 128 cases with immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy were examined by light microscopy to clarify the relationship between segmental glomerular necrosis (SGN) and progression of glomerular injury. The cases were divided into five groups according to the percentage of glomeruli with cellular/fibrocellular (C/F) crescents, fibrous adhesion and/or sclerosis: grade I, 0%; grade II, 20%; grade III, 20‐50%; grade IV, 50‐80%; and grade V, 80% or more. The serial sections revealed unequivocally focal occurrence of SGN in 39 cases (30%). Segmental glomerular necrosis was never found in the cases of grade I (0%, 0/28), while it appeared in those of grade II (33%, 12/36), grade III (46%, 13/28), grade IV (48%, 13/27) and grade V (11%, 1/9). The incidence of the cases with C/F crescents showed a similar tendency among the groups. In addition, focal C/F crescents were more frequent in cases with SGN (82%) than in those without SGN (24%). In particular, cellular crescents in 26 cases were formed in close proximity to SGN. These results suggested that SGN in IgA nephropathy was a more common finding than formerly evaluated and that it potentially participated in the progression of glomerular injuries closely associated with crescent formation. Unequivocally, focal occurrence of SGN corresponded well with the slowly progressive course of the glomerular disease.
The numerical aberrations of chromosome 7 detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization in human breast cancers
Authors: Yoshimi Naoki , Shibuya Chiken , Morishita Yukio , Tanaka Takuji , Mori Hideki
Published: December 2008

The relationship between the numerical aberrations of chromosome 7 in interphase cells and the clinicopathological behavior of breast tumors was investigated in 51 touch imprinted preparations of breast tumors. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization with a chromosome 7‐specific DNA probe, the fluoresceinisothiocyanate (FITC) spots mean and the representative copy number of each breast tumor were examined. The FITC spots mean (2.34) of 40 breast cancers increased compared with that of 11 benign lesions (1.98) (P < 0.02). The FITC spots mean tended to increase with the advancing stage and tumor size of the breast cancer. The FITC spots mean in the case with metastasis was also of a higher value than that without metastasis (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the existence of trisomy or over‐trisomy of the copy number was related to the advancing stage and tumor size (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). These findings suggest that the FITC spots mean and polysomy of the number of chromosome 7 may be highly predictive for breast tumor aggressiveness.
Immunohistochemical detection of breast specific antigens and cytokeratins in metastatic breast carcinoma in the liver
Authors: Akasofu Miwa , Kawahara Ei , Kurumaya Hiroshi , Nakanishi Isao
Published: December 2008

The present study was performed to evaluate the diagnostic reliability of antibodies to breast carcinoma‐specific antigen and antibodies to cytokeratin catalogue in a metastatic hepatic lesion. Immunohistochemical examinations using antibodies to gross cystic disease fluid protein‐15 (GCDFP‐15), BCA‐225 (a glycoprotein secreted by T47D breast carcinoma cell line) and BRST‐5 (a glycoprotein identified in SK‐BR‐7 breast carcinoma cell line), anti‐cytokeratin monoclonal antibodies of MA904, AE3, CAM5.2, PKK1 and cytokeratin 19, and polyclonal anti‐keratin antibodies were done. These were on 15 cases of primary breast carcinoma, eight cases of metastatic breast carcinoma in the liver, five cases of cholangiocarcinoma, eight cases of hepatocellular carcinoma and 11 cases of metastatic adenocarcinoma of another primary tumor in the liver. Results showed that GCDFP‐15 antigen was most reliable: it was 100% positive in both primary and metastatic breast carcinomas unrelated to histological subtypes, and 100% negative in primary or other metastatic carcinomas in the liver. BCA‐225 antigen was detected in high amounts in breast carcinomas (100%, 23/23), but it was positive in cholangiocarcinomas (80%, 4/5) and another metastatic carcinoma in the liver (64%, 7/11). BRST‐5 was specifically positive in breast carcinomas but the positivity was low (13%, 3/23). Cytokeratin 19 and keratin were useful to discriminate hepatocellular carcinomas (0%, 0/8) from breast carcinomas (87%, 20/23; 96%, 22/23), but they were also positive in cholangiocarcinomas (100%, 5/5) and other metastatic carcinomas in the liver (91%, 10/11). AE3, CAM5.2 and PKK1 showed highly positive immunoreactivity for breast carcinomas, cholangiocarcinomas and other metastatic carcinomas in the liver, and hepatocellular carcinoma cells were sometimes stained (50%, 4/8; 88%, 7/8; 38%, 3/8). MA904 showed negative immunoreactivity for all cases examined. A discussion was made on the specificity of the antibodies available for a histologic differential diagnosis.
Immunohistochemical comparison between anaplastic seminoma and typical seminoma
Authors: Suzuki Takashi , Sasano Hironobu , Aoki Hiroshi , Nagura Hiroshi , Sasano Nobuaki , Sano Toshiaki , Saito Masahiro , Watanuki Tsutomu , Kato Hiroyuki , Aizawa Shigeo
Published: December 2008

In order to study the possible biological differences between anaplastic and typical seminoma, the following factors were studied in 11 cases of anaplastic seminoma and 15 cases of typical seminoma: mitotic activity, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression, immunohistochemical analyses for cytokeratin, vimentin, placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP), β‐human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐hCG), a‐fetoprotein (AFP) and c‐myc oncoprotein. Anaplastic seminoma was classified according to Mostofi's criteria, which is primarily based on the mitotic activity of the tumor. Mitotic activity was evaluated by both mitotic count and rate. Statistically significant correlations were observed between mitotic count and mitotic rate (R= 0.891), and between the mitotic count and PCNA labeling index (R= 0.792), in both typical and anaplastic seminomas. Immunostaining patterns for cytokeratin, vimentin, PLAP, β‐hCG, AFP and c‐myc oncoprotein were not significantly different between typical and anaplastic seminoma. The present data indicated that no apparent clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical parameters discerning anaplastic seminoma from typical seminoma were present, when identifying anaplastic seminoma on the basis of high mitotic count. Anaplastic seminoma may therefore simply represent seminoma with high proliferative activity.
Distribution of laminin, type IV collagen and fibronectin in the invasive component of breast carcinoma
Authors: Arihiro Koji , Inai Kouki , Kurihara Kanji , Takeda Shinpei , Kaneko Mayumi
Published: December 2008

Laminin, type IV collagen and fibronectin were examined immunohistochemically in the invasive component of breast carcinomas. Laminin was expressed around the invasive carcinoma cell nests in 38 (54%) of 71 cases. Immunoreactiv‐ity for type IV collagen was observed around the invasive carcinoma cell nests or the stroma apart from carcinoma cells in 44 (80%) of 55 cases. Fibronectin was strongly expressed in the stroma only in 75 (99%) of 76 cases.

The expression of laminin significantly correlated with tubular formation in the invasive carcinoma cell nests and showed a tendency to be correlative to estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) of carcinoma tissue, but no correlation among laminin expression, histological type, the age of patients, tumor size and lymph node metastasis was noted. Type IV collagen and fibronectin did not correlate to any clinicopathological factors such as histological type, grade of differentiation, the age of patients, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, ER and PgR status. No concordant expression of these extracellular matrices was seen.
Polymorphous low‐grade adenocarcinoma of submandibular gland origin
Authors: Haba Reiji , Kobayashi Shoji , Miki Hiroshi , Hirakawa Eiichiro , Saoo Kousuke , Iwai Takayuki , Mori Seiji , Ohmori Masaki
Published: December 2008

A case of polymorphous low‐grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) in the submandibular gland is reported. A 72 year old woman presented with a 5 year history of a gradually expanding tumor in the submandibular region. The surgical specimen revealed a relatively well demarcated tumor, 35 × 35 × 20 mm in size. Macroscopically, necrosis and hemorrhage were not seen in the solid tumor. Histologically, the tumor growth pattern was variable, composed of tubular, papillary, solid, trabecular and cribriform structures. Immunohistochemically, some tumor cells were positive for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), S‐100 protein, keratin, and carcino‐embryonic antigen (CEA). Electron microscopically, prominent microvilli projected into the luminal spaces, and basal lamina and hemidesmosomes were seen in the tumor cells adjacent to the connective tissues. The submandibular gland is an extremely rare location for PLGA. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case of its kind reported in the English literature.
Hepatocellular carcinoma with unusual metastasis to the small intestine
Authors: Narita Takeo , Nakazawa Hideo , Hizawa Yuuki , Ishidoya Takahiro , Kudo Hajime
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with unusual metastasis to the mucosa of the small intestine is reported. The patient was a 73 year old female. At autopsy, the liver weighed 970 g, and an ovoid and necrotic 6 × 5 cm sized tumor was found in the right posterior lobe with many daughter tumors within the cirrhotic liver. The tumor embolus in the portal vein was not found. Extrahepatically the tumor metastasized to the lungs, sacral bone and hepatohillar and para‐aortic lymph nodes. Additionally, many sessile and pedunculated polyps up to 2 cm in diameter were found sporadically in the small intestine. These seemed to be primary adenomatous polyps but histologically they were HCC metastasis. To the best of the authors' knowledge, many polypoid involvements of the small intestine by a hepatocellular carcinoma have not been reported until now.
Cell‐cycle analysis detecting endogenous nuclear antigens: Comparison with BrdU‐in vivolabeling and an application to lung tumors
Authors: Hayashi Yukiko , Fukayama Masashi , Koike Morio , Kaseda Shizuka , Ikeda Takaaki , Yokoyama Takeshi
Published: December 2008

The versatility of non‐radioactive cell‐cycle analysis in detecting endogenous nuclear antigens of the proliferating cells was evaluated. Optimal conditions for immunostaining varied in fixation and pretreatment procedures among antigens, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), Ki‐67 epitope, DNA polymerase α and PCNA. A significant correlation between BrdU labeling index (LI) was observed in each positive ratio (PR, positive/total neoplastic cells) for nuclear antigens in tumor‐sections which had been labeledin vivowith BrdU. The best correlation was observed in Ki‐67 PR (y = 1.26x+ 2.5;y= Ki‐67 PR;x= BrdU LI;r= 0.97). To determine its prognostic value, Ki‐67 analysis was applied to the surgically resected lung tumors. Ki‐67 PR were different according to the histologic types of the tumors: 47.8 ± 3.4% in small cell carcinoma; 29.5 ± 3.5% in squamous cell carcinoma; 28.3 ± 4.7% in large cell carcinoma; 15.2 ± 1.8% in adenocarcinoma and 0.1 ± 0.1% in mature carcinoid tumor. When the mean value was used to divide each type to a higher or lower proliferative activity (15% Ki‐67 PR for adenocarcinoma and 30% for squamous cell carcinoma), the group with the lower Ki‐67 PR showed a significantly more favorable prognosis than that of a higher ratio. Ki‐67 PR was not correlated with other pathologic factors such as size, lymph node metastasis or pleural involvement. Non‐radioactive cell‐cycle analysis was feasible and useful for detecting endogenous nuclear antigens even in the lung tumors, particularly when the analysis was coupled with histologic typing.
Early stage of development in testicular choriocarcinomas
Authors: Motoyama Teiichi , Sasano Nobuaki , Yonezawa Suguru , Matsuzaki Osamu , Kawaoi Akira , Kamata Yoshimasa , Sasou Shunichi , Arai Shigeru , Takanashi Riichiro , Sano Toshiaki , Takahara Osamu , Tanaka Sadao
Published: December 2008

Choriocarcinoma is the most malignant among germ cell tumors in the testis. However little is known about the early stage of its development. To understand the development of testicular choriocarcinomas, twenty cases of testicular choriocarcinoma were studied histologically and immuno‐histochemically. It was found that in the early stage of development, choriocarcinomas imitate the morphologic or functional differentiation of normal trophoblasts. It was also found that some choriocarcinomas regress spontaneously in the early stage. The majority of choriocarcinomas seemed to develop by first going through the embryonal carcinoma phase. However there were some choriocarcinomas that showed no relationship with embryonal carcinoma.
Establishment and characterization of a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (LC‐2/ad) producing α1‐antitrypsin in vitro
Authors: Kataoka Hiroaki , Itoh Hiroshi , Seguchi Kohji , Koono Masashi
Published: December 2008

A new human cell line, LC‐2/ad was established from pleural effusion of pulmonary adenocarcinoma of a 51 year old Japanese female. The LC‐2/ad cells exhibit an epithelial appearance and a tendency to form small domes as observed with phase‐contrast microscopy. The modal chromosome number was 53–56. Plating efficiency and doubling time were 6.8% and 58 h, respectively (32th passage). Immunocytochemlcally, the cells were strongly positive for CEA and cytokeratins including cytokeratin no. 18 which is present in simple epithella. Ultrastructurally, the cultured cells were characterized by well‐formed junctional complexes and microvilli. Subcutaneous injection of 5 × 106 cells into a nude mouse resulted in tumor formation classified histologically as a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. This cell line produced at least two functionally active trypsin inhibitors together with several proteinases in vitro. The main inhibitor was purified partially from the serum‐free conditioned medium and confirmed immunologically as human α1‐antitrypsin (AAT). Immunohistochemically, the xenografted tumor was also positive for AAT. The cell line LC‐2/ad is useful for the study of tumor‐derived serine proteinase inhibitors, in particular AAT.
Epstein‐Barr virus related gastric cancer in Japan: A molecular patho‐epidemiological study
Authors: Tokunaga Masayoshi , Uemura Yoshiko , Tokudome Takahiro , Ishidate Takuzo , Masuda Hirotake , Okazaki Etsuo , Kaneko Kou , Naoe Shiro , Ito Masafumi , Okamura Akiharu , Shimada Atsuko , Sato Eiichi , Land Charles E.
Published: December 2008

Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) involvement in gastric carcinoma has been demonstrated by the presence of EBV genomes and EBV‐encoded small RNA (EBER) in the carcinoma cells, monoclonal proliferation of EBV‐infected carcinoma cells and elevated antibody titers. The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of EBV involvement among gastric carcinomas observed in nine Japanese cities with varying gastric cancer rates. In situ hybridization of EBER‐1 was applied to paraffin sections from 1848 carcinomas observed in 1795 cases and EBV involvement was detected based on uniform hybridization in carcinoma cells. Epstein‐Barr virus was detected in 6.6% of lesions and 6.7% of cases. The rate of EBV involvement did not vary significantly for each city and there was no correlation with underlying gastric cancer mortality rates. Thus, geographic variation of gastric cancer rates within Japan cannot be explained in terms of EBV involvement. Epstein‐Barr virus‐related gastric carcinoma is one of the most common EBV‐related tumors in Japan. The involvement of EBV was significantly more frequent among males than among females, mainly for cancers occurring in the upper and middle part of the stomach, and exhibited more variation by cell type among males. These observations suggest that other factors yet to be discovered may modulate the causal role of EBV in gastric carcinogenesis.
Lung carcinoma mimicking malignant lymphoma: Report of three cases
Authors: Matsui Kazuhiro , Kitagawa Masanobu , Wakaki Kunihiko , Masuda Shinji
Published: December 2008

Three cases of lung carcinomas with unusual histologic appearances that have received little or no comment in the literature are presented. They were initially confused with malignant lymphoma because of a diffuse proliferation of relatively monotonous cells simulating large‐cell immunoblastic lymphoma. In each case, the possibility of malignant lymphoma was excluded with confidence after the immuno‐histochemical study (leucocyte common antigen negative and cytokeratins positive), although with conventional microscopy several foci of cohesive groups of tumor cells were observed. The tumors were ranked at the clinical stage II or III when they were initially discovered, but all patients died of disease within 1 year. The present three tumors show an aggressive behavior and could be classified into a peculiar variant of ‘large cell’ carcinoma. It is necessary for surgical pathologists to have an idea of these variants of lung carcinoma in order to avoid erroneous diagnosis.
Small round and spindle cell sarcoma with neuronal differentiation and oncocyte‐like features of the thoracic wall: A case report with histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural examinations
Authors: Kamishima Tomoko , Fukuda Takeaki , Kakihara Toshio , Ohnishi Yoshihisa , Naito Makoto , Ueki Hidenori , Tachikawa Shinzo
Published: December 2008

A case of small round and spindle cell sarcoma with neuronal differentiation and oncocyte‐like features is presented. The tumor was encountered in a 32 year old Japanese woman with an initial presentation of palpable tumor in the left lateral region of the thorax. The resected tumor was a partially well encapsulated whitish medullary one and consisted of small round and spindle tumor cells, together with so‐called rhabdoid cells in the small round cell area. Although pseudorosettes were often observed, true rosette formation could not be detected anywhere. Ultrastructurally, despite a histologic variety of tumor cells, most tumor cells possessed numerous mitochondria, some of which occasionally contained abnormal filamentous or crystalloid structures. Various amounts of microfilaments were present in most tumor cells and microtubules were present in a few. A minority of small round cells possessed a small number of neurosecretory granules, especially in short cytoplasmic processes. A positive immunoreaction for neuron specific enolase was found by immunohistochemical examination in several small round tumor cells and for neurofilaments in lesser numbers. Despite the lack of S‐100 protein, MB2 was detected in both small round and spindle cells. On the basis of these findings, the tumor of the present case corresponds to malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor with neuronal differentiation and oncocytic features.
Effect of thyroid‐stimulating hormone on cultured thyrocytes obtained from patients with Graves' disease and inhibitive effect by sodium iodide: A functional study
Authors: Yamashita Hiroto , Noguchi Shiro , Murakami Nobuo , Adachi Mitsuo , Yasuoka Yoko , Wakiya Shigeko , Kitamura Hirokazu
Published: December 2008

Thyrocytes obtained from patients with Graves’disease were cultured for 3 days. This was followed by culture with 10 mU/mL thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (TSH group), TSH and sodium iodide (Nal group), or without (control group) for 3 additional days. On the 8th culture day, the amounts of intra‐and extra‐cellular cyclic adenosine mono‐phosphate (CAMP), extracellular cAMP and thyroglobulin (TG), peroxidase (PO) activity, and cell numbers were measured. The amounts of intra‐and extra‐cellular cAMP correlated well. TSH increased the values of cAMP, TG and PO to levels higher than those of the control group. As the amount of Nal added to the medium increased, these values decreased. Addition of 10‐5 mol/L Nal lowered the value of cAMP only. When 10‐4 mol/L Nal was added, these three levels were lower than those of the TSH group and the value of cAMP was almost equal to that of the control group. On cell number, no difference was found between the cells cultured with TSH, TSH and Nal, and without TSH or Nal. When the thyrocytes were cultured with 1 mmol/L dibutyryl cAMP sodium salt or 8‐bromoadenosine 3′, 5′‐cyclic mono‐phosphate instead of TSH, 10‐4 mol/L Nal did not lower the values of thyroglobulin and peroxidase activity. These results suggest that the Nal blocks the intracellular signal transduction provoked by TSH, only at the cAMP production level.
Hepatitis C virus appears to replicate not only in hepatocytes but also in hepatocellular carcinoma cells as demonstrated by immunostaining
Authors: Uchida Toshikazu , Shikata Toshio
Published: December 2008

Persistent infection with hepatitis C virus is a major risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It has been unclear whether hepatitis C virus replicates in HCC. A total of 39 hepatitis B surface‐antigen‐negative HCC were resected surgically at Nihon University Itabashi Hospital between January 1990 and December 1992. Of them, serum anti‐hepatitis C was positive in 28 cases, negative in three and not examined in eight. The indirect immunoperoxidase technique was used for detection of the hepatitis C core antigen on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded sections. Positive staining was found within non‐tumor hepatocytes in 22 (78.6%), one and four cases, respectively. Fourteen (58.3%) of these 24 cases, which were positively immunostained in non‐tumor hepatocytes (three were excluded because of complete necrosis of HCC), were also stained for the core antigen in HCC cells. Core antigen was stained in both hepatocytes and HCC cells within the cytoplasm, diffusely or focally with varying intensity in a local or patchy distribution. Hepatitis C virus appears to replicate in HCC cells and the significance of such viral replication in hepatocarcino‐genesis remains to be clarified.
An autopsy case of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) with preceding aplastic anemia
Authors: Nagasaki Makoto , Harada Takayuki , Torii Ikuko , Nakano Akinobu , Furuya Hiroshi , Tanaka Junichi , Hirai Kanji , Morikawa Shigeru
Published: December 2008

A case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) with preceding aplastic anemia is reported. The patient was a 36 year old female who had been diagnosed as having aplastic anemia 10 years before and thereafter had received multiple transfusions. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐seropositivity was revealed 10 months prior to her death, but no particular clinical signs indicating HIV infection, pre‐AIDS or onset of AIDS were recognized before serological diagnosis, although the slow progression of leukopenia was noted along with thrombocytopenia. Her general condition deteriorated during the last 10 months accompanied by an acute decrease In the CD4/CD8 ratio. Autopsy revealed full‐blown AIDS: systemic aspergillosis, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, Epstein‐Barr virus‐related B cell lymphoma arising in the diaphragm and severe lymphocyte depletion in the lymph nodes and spleen. Markedly hypo‐plastic bone marrow was considered to be primarily attributable to the aplastic anemia but the affection of AIDS was not excluded. The possible transmission route of HIV and the effect of the preceding aplastic anemia on the infection and clinical course of AIDS are discussed.
Intracranial chondromyxoid fibroma extending into the jugular foramen
Authors: Maruyama Riruke , Nagaoka Saburo , Todaka Tatemi , Nakahara Tadashi , Kishida Katsuaki
Published: December 2008

A case is reported of an intracranial chondromyxoid fibroma (CMF) in a 67 year old man. The tumor originated in the petrous part of the temporal bone and extended into the jugular foramen. Microscopically, the tumor showed a lobular appearance, and was composed of spindle or stellate cells in an abundant myxoid, chondroid stroma. Immunohistochemically, S‐100 protein was positive in the tumor cells and myxoid stroma. Intracranial CMF, especially in an elderly person, is exceedingly rare. Clinical and pathological findings are presented with reference to the previously reported articles.
Metastatic pineocytoma of the spinal cord after long‐term dormancy
Authors: Ito Takui , Takahashi Hitoshi , Ikuta Fusahiro , Sato Hiroshi
Published: December 2008

An unusual tumor in the spinal cord of a 57 year old man is reported. At the age of 42 years, the patient had had a pineal region tumor that subsequently disappeared completely after local radiation therapy only. Eleven and 15 years later, at the ages of 53 and 57 years, respectively, solitary spinal cord tumors were found and removed. Pathological examination revealed that these tumors were of neurogenic origin and showed the characteristic features of pineal parenchymal tumors such as pineocytoma and pineoblastoma. Based on the cytology of individual tumor cells and the absence of mitotic figures and necrotic foci, this patient was diagnosed as having metastatic pineocytoma of the spinal cord. This case suggests that distant, subarachnoidal metastasis to the spinal cord can occur in pineocytomas even after long‐term dormancy.