bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microstructure and Properties of 65Mn Steel after Austenite Inverse Phase Transformation by Sub-Temperature Quenching
Authors: Li An Ming , Hu Meng Juan
Published: February 2011

The influence of sub-temperature quenching temperature on the strength and hardness of 65Mn steel during austenite inverse phase transformation is studied and the microstructure and property are analyzed. The results showed that in the range of 760~810°C , the strength and hardness of the 65Mn steel second sub-temperature quenched increased with quenching temperature increasing, reached the highest strength and hardness at 790°C quenching and then began to decrease. A small number of ferrite and ferrite dual-phase structure existed in martensite when quenching temperature was low. Fine martensite was obtained by second sub-temperature quenching due to the smaller austenitic crystal grain and austenitic nucleation sites. The mechanical properties of samples second sub-temperature quenched are better than that of conventional samples 830°C once quenched.
Simulation of Fracturing Process for Heterogeneous Material under Uniaxial Compression
Authors: Su Guo Shao , Chen Guo Qing , Zhou Hong Fei
Published: February 2011

A novel numerical model for simulating fracturing process of the heterogeneous materials such as rock or rocklike material has been developed and implemented in the FLAC, which is the numerical code for the engineering mechanics analysis. A constitutive model that captures an essential component of brittle material failure, that is, cohesion weakening and frictional strengthening (CWFS) is improved by taking accounting the elastic modulus of element may degrade when the element failure. Furthermore, a new energy index, Local Energy Release Rate (LERR), is put forward to simulate energy release during failure process by tracking the peak and trough values of elastic strain energy intensity before and after brittle failure. The numerical model has applied to simulate the initiation, propagation and coalescence of cracks in the failure processes of brittle material. Using this numerical model, we studied the failure processes of simulated rock specimens with different heterogeneity. The results suggest that the model is a powerful approach to the study of macroscopic fracturing behaviour of heterogeneous material.
Study on Interfacial Properties of Ultra-High Performance Concrete Containing Steel Slag Powder and Fly Ash
Authors: Peng Yan Zhou , Chen Kai , Hu Shu Guang
Published: February 2011

The interfacial properties of reactive powder concretes (RPCs), other known as ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC), containing steel slag powder and ultra fine fly ash are studied in this paper. The microstrctural characterization of interfacial transition zones (ITZs), including the aggregate-cement paste interfacial zone and the steel fiber-paste interfacial zone, is investigated by SEM. The microhardness of the aggregate-paste ITZ and the steel slag-paste ITZ is studied and the bond strength of steel fiber in matrix is tested through fiber pullout tests. The results indicate that the microhardness of the steel slag-paste ITZ is slightly higher than that of the aggregate-paste ITZ, which implies the advantage of the substitution of quartz powder with steel slag powder in preparation of RPCs to some degrees. Moreover, the hardness of these two ITZs is higher than that of the hardened paste. A certain amount of hydration products has been observed exsiting on the surface of steel fiber by SEM and the bond strength of steel fiber-martix is up to 9.3MPa. These interfical properties are definitely critical to obtain high performance of UHPCs containing steel slag powder and fly ash.
The Experimental Study on Strength of Subgrade Soil Treated with Liquid Stabilizer
Authors: Ou Ou , Zhang Xin Gui , Yi Nian Ping
Published: February 2011

The liquid soil stabilizer technology is a chemically modified method that can stabilize or reinforce those soils with weak engineering properties. In this paper, two typical high liquid limit soils ，which can not be directly used as subgrade materials，were treated with a new soil stabilizer and it were processed that serials of comparison test on the main engineer properties of soil that pre-and post-treated with soil stabilizer. Then the results show that the soil liquid stabilizer is effective to improve strength and moisture susceptibility for two selected soils. The liquid soil stabilizer technology opened up a new approach for soil improvement and ground treatment.
Influence and Mechanism of Different pH Values of Extractant on the Leachability of Heavy Metals in Industrial Sewage Sludge
Authors: Liu Jing Yong , Sun Shui Yu , Xu Yan Bin , Zheng Li , Huang Shao Song
Published: February 2011

The leaching tests of heavy metals in industrial sewage sludge were carried out under different pH of extractant by the solid waste extraction procedure for leaching toxicity (GB5086.2-1997) of China on the base of the contents and fractions of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, Mn and Ni elements. The results showed that the sludge was with higher levels of Mn and Zn, followed by Cu and Ni, while the higher toxicity of Pb and Cr was lower. The fractions of different elements in the sewage sludge had very different forms. The potential migration and biological toxicity were a concern for the active forms of Zn, Mn, Ni, Cr because their active proportions were more than 50%. The pH of extraction solutions had an important impact on the leaching of heavy metals in sewage sludge. The largest concentrations of Zn, Mn, Ni, Cu were appeared when the pH of extractant was about 7, but that of Fe had a greater fluctuation at the same pH. The concentrations of heavy metals had very different at different pH values, which may be related with the process of adsorption/desorption, complexation/dissociation, the dissolution/precipitation/co-precipitation and other chemical reactions in the extractant process.
Experimental Study on the Solidification/Stabilization of Textile Dyeing Sludge
Authors: Ning Xun An , Zhou Jian Bo , Liu Jing Yong , Yang Zuo Yi , Tian Yu , Zhang Ning
Published: February 2011

Sludge from the textile dyeing industries was solidified and stabilized using cement, fly ash（PFA）and cinder as the solidifying agents, and the optimum conditions of sludge solidification/stabilization were analyzed. The mechanical property of solidified sludge block was evaluated by compressive strength test, at the same time， the chemical oxygen demand (COD） and heavy metal concentration of the leaching from the cured block were tested as well. With the dosage of cement, PFA and cinder, 0.15kg/kg, 0.02kg/kg and 0.08kg/kg respectively, and curing time was 6ds, the compressive strength of the solidified sludge block reached 330kPa.Results showed that addition of cement and cinder had good effects on the compressed strength of sludge block, cement, PFA and cinder enhanced the solidification and stabilization of organic and heavy metal in the sludge. Under the above conditions, COD of the leaching from the sludge solidification block was 488mg/L, and the heavy metal concentrations had reached the related national standards. After 6ds of curing time, water ratio of the solidified block was maintained at 40%~45%, which met the prescribed standards of landfill.
A Novel Route to Prepare ZnO-SnO2 Nanocomposite with High Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Zhang Mao Lin , Li Long Feng
Published: February 2011

A nanometer coupled oxide ZnO-SnO2 was prepared by the fractional homogeneous co-precipitation route using urea as the latent precipitant under boiling reflux condition. The samples prepared from different initial concentrations of urea or at different calcination temperatures were characterized by X-ray diffration (XRD) or transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was found that the coupled oxides ZnO-SnO2 mainly consist of nanosized ZnO and SnO2, the calcination temperature had obvious effect on the phase composition and the crystal size of the samples obtained, and the precipitant concentration also had obvious effect on the oxide particles size and the production rate of ZnO. Moreover, their photocatalytic activity was investigated for the liquids-phase photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) in water under UV light irradiation.The coupled oxides showed better photocatalytic activity for the degradation of MO than the pure ZnO or SnO2.
Biomorphic SnO2/C Ceramics Derived from Bio-Templates
Authors: He Xin Hai , Wang Jun Bo , Su Xiao Lei , Fu Chong , Xu Jie , Yang Minge
Published: February 2011

Biomorphic SnO2/C ceramic has been prepared by molding into a composite billet and carbothermal-reduction under vacuum from ramie fibers/Sn(OH)4 precursors. The phase composition and microstructure of the prepared samples were characterized. The effects of the carbonization temperature and the other factors on the crystal structure, morphology and ingredients of the prepared samples were discussed. The results showed that there is no peak corresponding to carbon. So, it is inferred that the carbon exists in amorphous form and the sintering temperature have significant effects on the microstructure of SnO2 in biomorphic SnO2/C ceramics. The prepared products at the sintering temperature between 480°C and 630°C are biomorphic SnO2/C ceramics.
Studies on the Catalyzing Transesterification of Soybean Oil with Methanol for Biodiesel Using a Novel Porous CaO Microsphere Catalyst
Authors: Liu Xiao Hua , Bai Hai Xin , Zhou Lin
Published: February 2011

A novel porous CaO microsphere catalyst was synthesized by calcining spherical CaCO3 precursor which was prepared easily by mixing CaCl2 with Na2CO3. After characterized by scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction analysis, the synthesized CaO was studied on Studies on the catalyzing transesterification of soybean oil with methanol for biodiesel. The effects of calcining temperature, reaction time and temperature, amounts of catalyst and methanol on the catalytic activity of CaO microsphere had been evaluated by catalyzing transesterification of soybean oil with methanol for biodiesel. It expressed excellent catalytic activity with a transesterification yield of more than 98% at 65 °C in one hour with 3 wt% of CaO microsphere calcined at 800 °C.
Research on the Properties of the Thermal Storage and Corrosion of Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Zn Alloy
Authors: Cheng Xiao Min , Chen Xin , Li Yuan Yuan , Tan Yong Gang
Published: February 2011

In this paper, various kinds of high-temperature phase change thermal storage Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Zn alloys were prepared, and the thermal properties were studied through integrated thermal analysis. Then the corrosion kinetics of Cr20Ni80 alloy in Al-7% Si alloy and Al-Cu-Mg-Zn alloy at 700°C in thermal cycles were obtained. The microstructures, element concentration and phases in the interface were analyzed by means of metallographic microscope, EPMA and XRD. The results show that all materials phase transition temperatures are during 450°C ~650°C . The total thermal energies of the materials are higher than 900J/cm3. Quaternary alloys and quinary alloys show much more advantages when applying for solar thermal power generation systems. The latent heat depends strongly upon the composition and percentage of elements and the phase composition. Besides, experimental results show that the corrosion rate of Cr20Ni80 alloy in Al-7%Si alloy at 700°C is 0.167mm/h. Under thermal cycling conditions, the corrosion rate of Cr20Ni80 alloy in Al-Cu-Mg-Zn alloy is a little lower and the reaction interface layer does not significantly affect the rate of further corrosion. The corrosion of Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Zn phase change thermal storage materials depends on the content of aluminum element, and nickel-based alloys are not suitable for use as packaging materials.
Study on the Micro-Structure of High Temperature Oxide Scales Applied Loads on Cr5Mo Alloy
Authors: Chen Shun Qing
Published: February 2011

The Cr5Mo alloy steel is the most commonly used high pressure vessel and heat pipe using the material. This article on external forcing Cr5Mo alloy steel of high-temperature oxide layer for microscopic analysis of oxide layers of micro-cracks and exfoliation, oxidation layer portion of the oxide layer break, the oxide layer fold, multilayer structure oxide, oxidation and give the structure of the matrix and the proliferation of microstructure of the oxide layer. To compare Cr5Mo alloy steel for high temperature oxidation layer in a load-time and there is no loading time variation of topography.
Studies on the Graft Copolymer of 2,3-Glycidyl Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride onto Chitosan with Ultrasonic
Authors: Zhu Jian , Dan Nian Hua , Dan Wei Hua
Published: February 2011

Under the action of ultrasonic, the graft copolymer is synthesized by grafting 2, 3- glycidyl trimethyl ammonium chloride onto chitosan with ammonium cerium nitrate as initiator, and the main factors which influences this reaction are selected. The results show the optimum reactive conditions while chitosan: 2, 3- glycidyl trimethyl ammonium chloride is 1:3, pH 7.0, 70°C, the reactive time 3h, and the concentration of initiator 0.5mmol/L. Finally, the product of graft copolymer is analyzed by chemical titration, infrared analysis (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), elemental analysis, and XRD.
Texture and Microstructural Evolution under Electric Current Pulses in a Fe-3%Si Steel
Authors: Wang Xin Li , Zhao Hong Ming , Dai Wen Bin , Zhao Xiang
Published: February 2011

The evolution of the recrystallization texture under high current density electric current pulses (ECP) was investigated in a cold-rolled Fe-3%Si steel sheet. Results showed that the preferred nucleation always occurred in the direction parallel to the current direction at the primary stage of recrytallization. With the increment of the current density, the effect of current direction on texture and microstructural evolution was decreased. Due to the different texture component along the layer depth under different current densities, it was also found that the recrystallization nucleation was much easier to occur from the top surface.
Effect of Tin on Microstructure and Electrochemistrical Properties of Mg-Al-Sn-Zn Magnesium Alloys Anodic Materials
Authors: Wang Ping , Li Jian Ping , Guo Yong Chun , Yang Zhong , Xia Feng
Published: February 2011

Morphologies, microstructure and composition distribution of the magnesium anodic materials were studied by metallographic microscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The corrosion behavior and electrochemical properties of Mg alloy were also investigated by constant current method, potential polarization, collecting gas through drainage. The results show that tin restrained β-Mg17Al12 phase precipitation along the grain boundary. With the content of tin increasing, granular Mg2Sn phase was improved. After uniform heat treatment, most of β-Mg17Al12 phase was dissolved, but most of Mg2Sn was not dissolved. Tin could improve self-corrosion potential and release hydrogen rate. Magnesium alloy anode with 1% tin content had high discharge potential and current efficiency. With the current density increasing, the release hydrogen rate augmented. The current efficiency reached 82 % at 20mA/cm2. The main composition of the corrosion products were MgO and Al2O3 which were easily peeled off. As a result, more negative and stable work potential was produced and the reaction was accelerated continuously.
Effect of Doping Ions on Electrochemical Properties of LiFePO4 Cathode
Authors: Ruan Yan Li
Published: February 2011

Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) cathode materials containing different low concentration ion dopants (Mg2+, Al3+, Zr4+, and Nb5+) were prepared by a solid-state reaction method in an inert atmosphere. The effects of the doping ions on the properties of as-synthesized cathode materials were investigated. XRD results indicate that the ion dopants do not affect the structure of the materials. The galvanostatically charge and discharge tests show that ion dopants can considerably improve the electrochemical performance of the materials, especially large current discharge behaviors. LiFePO4 samples doped with Nb5+ have an initiate capacity of 146.8 mAh•g-1 at 0.1C. Further cycle performance measurements reveal the sample doped with Nb5+ shows the best cycleability. The results also verify that LiFePO4 doped with ions of suited radius and higher valence shows better electrochemical characters.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Y-Doped SnO2/C Composite Materials for Lithium-Ion Battery
Authors: Zhong Sheng Kui , Wang You , Liu Chang Jiu , Li Yan Wei , Li Yan Hong
Published: February 2011

The layered Y-doped SnO2/C anode materials were prepared by a co-precipitation method. The physical properties of the Y-doped SnO2/C were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrochemical measurements. XRD studies showed that the Y-doped SnO2/C has the same layered structure as the undoped SnO2/C. The SEM images exhibited that the particle size of Y-doped SnO2/C is smaller than that of the undoped SnO2/C and the smallest particle size is only about 1µm. The Y-doped SnO2/C samples were investigated on the Lithium extraction/insertion performances by charge/discharge, cyclic voltammograms (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS). The results showed that the optimal doping content of Y was that x=0.07 and 2% content of carbon nanotubes samples to achieve high discharge capacity and good cyclic stability. The electrode reaction reversibility and electronic conductivity were enhanced, and the charge transfer resistance was decreased through Y-doping.
Preparation and Research of KGM/Starch Composite Films
Authors: Lin Huang , Chen Qing Hua , Li Wei Yan , Huang Ming Hua
Published: February 2011

In this study, composite films were prepared with Konjac glucomannan (KGM) and Starch, In the process of preparation, add Lactic acid as modifier, deal with Ammonia as crosslinker. Pretreatment with microwave, and used solvent (water) casting method to prepare the KGM/starch composite films, and used orthogonal matrix L25 (5,6) to analyze the influencing factors. The results showed that: the tensile strength of films is 7.96~25.68Mpa, and the fracture elongation rate is 1.25~5.00%. It can reach the tensile strength requirements of films for food packaging materials (polyethylene films) and the optimal level is A2B4C3D3. By XRD analysis, KGM/starch composite films showed amorphous. Preliminary degradation experiments shows that the decomposition period of KGM/starch composite films is 2 weeks in the soil suspension. Therefore, KGM/starch composite films are potential biodegradable film materials.
Cotton Fabrics Loaded with Low-Temperature Prepared SiO2/TiO2 Mixing Sols for Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Dye
Authors: Yang Jin Ku , Dong Yong Chun , Han Yu Jie , Dong Si Ming
Published: February 2011

A SiO2 aqueous sol was prepared and mixed with the anatase TiO2 sol synthesized at low temperature in different molar ratios for the coating of cotton fabrics using padding-drying process. And then the photocatalytic activity of the resulting SiO2/TiO2-loaded cotton fabrics was evaluated in the degradation of Rhodamine B in water. The effect of the SiO2 content on the photocatalytic performance of the loaded fabrics was investigated with respect to dye decoloration percentage. UV-Vis spectrum was also used to examine the dye degradation process in the presence of the SiO2/TiO2-loaded cotton fabric. The results indicate that when the ratio of Si/Ti reaches 1:1-3, the finished fabrics have the best photocatalytic activity. Moreover, UV-Vis spectrum indicates that the addition of SiO2 on the cotton fabric can enhance the decomposition of the dye molecular azo linkages and aromatic rings.
Synthesis, Characterization and Dynamic Mechanical Property of PU Elastomers with Cross-Linked Hard Segments
Authors: Ning Xiao Long , Xu Qiang , Wang Gui You
Published: February 2011

A series of cross-linked polyurethane(PU) elastomer samples with various crosslink density were synthesized from polyether diol(PPG2000), 4,4’-diphenylmethane diisocyanate(MDI), 1,4-butanediol(BDO) , trimethylolpropane (TMP) and glycerin. The cross-linking density of the PU elastomers was calculated by Flory–Rehner equation. The degree of hydrogen bonding, the microstructure and the morphologies of these PU materials were characterized by means of FT-IR, DSC and DMA. The experimental results showed that the PU elastomers containing a small amount of crosslink agent ( TMP or glycerin ) may make tanδ to a very low value above the ambient temperature. The PU elastomer samples using glycerin as curing agent can make tanδ to a low value in a lower temperature compared with the ones using TMP as curing agent.
Study the Impact of Roasting Temperature on the Ceramic Corundum (SG) Abrasives
Authors: Fan Wen Jie , Liu Fang
Published: February 2011

In this paper, the property of the ceramic corundum (SG) abrasives are studied with the way of roasting the ceramic corundum (SG) abrasives in the different roasting temperature, and using microscope, the change pattern of the ceramic corundum (SG) abrasives have been observed under different roasting temperature. The research results indicated that when the temperature achieves 900°C, the ceramic micrite abrasives start to have flaws, crack and hole. Therefore, the ceramic corundum (SG) abrasives with the roast, the manufacture and the application temperature to control in 900°C below, which guarantee the performance of the ceramic corundum (SG).
Synthesis and Electroluminescent Properties of Fluorene-Based Three-Component Red Light-Emitting Copolymers
Authors: Hou Qiong , Ruan Dan Dan , Hou Lin Tao , Zhu Hong
Published: February 2011

Novel soluble three-component conjugated copolymers are synthesized by palladium- catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction from 9,9-dioctylfluorene (DOF), 9-ethylhexylcarbazole (Cz) and 4,7-dithien-2-yl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (DBT) with Cz composition varying from 1-15 mol% in the copolymer. All of the polymers are soluble in common organic solvents and are highly photoluminescent. The electrochemical, optical, photoluminescent (PL) and electroluminescent (EL) properties of the copolymers were studied. When the hole transmitting material carbazole is introduced into the copolymer PFO-DBT, the hole mobility of the luminescent layer material is improved. The three-component copolymers compared with copolymer PFO-DBT15, Devices made up of these copolymers still emit saturated red light. The highest external quantum efficiency achieved in the device configuration ITO/PEDT/PFO-Cz-DBT15/Ba/Al is 1.81% for the copolymer for 10% Cz content, higher than that of the device made from PFO-DBT15.
Ferrocene Containing Hyperbranched Polyester: Structure and Catalytic Performance for Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate
Authors: Xiao Feng Juan , Luo Yun Jun
Published: February 2011

Structures of ferrocene containing hyperbranched polyester (HBPE-Fc) was characterized by FTIR and H1 NMR. The spectroscopic analysis provided evidence of the successful modification of ferrocene toHBPE. The catalytic performances for thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) were investigated by DSC techniques. The kinetic parameters were computed by the Kissinger method. The results indicated that the presence of HBPE-Fc reduces the maximum decomposition reaction temperature in AP samples. HBPE-Fc presented an efficient catalytic effect on the thermal degradation of AP and the catalytic reactions were characterized by decreased activation energy and increased rate constant of thermal decomposition. The possible catalytic mechanism was proposed.
Influence of Polyphenylene Sulfide on Plasticization and Toughening of Polyarylene Ether Nitrile/Polyphenylene Sulfide Blends
Authors: Zhong Jia Chun , Tang Hai Long , Yang Jian , Liu Xiao Bo
Published: February 2011

Polyarylene ether nitrile (PEN)/polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) blends were prepared via a melt-mixing process. The melting flow properties, compatibility, thermal and mechanical properties were characterized by melting index test, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermal analysis, tensile test and the fracture suface morphologies. The melt-mixed PEN/PPS blends displayed the excellent melting flow properties during processing. With the content of the PPS increased in the PEN, the melting index of the blends increased considerably, which is beneficial to the processability of PEN. PPS was found to be incompatible with the PEN by the DMA and DSC results. Morphology examinations reveal that the PPS phase is randomly dispersed as droplets with an average size of about 1~2 μm in PEN matrix, which is the main reason to enhance the toughness of PEN. Importantly, the blending materials maintained the characteristic thermal and thermo-oxidative stability as well as mechanical properties of the PEN as considering the further commercial applications.
Dynamic Viscoelasticity of Poly(ether Ester) Containing Zinc
Authors: Guo Jing , Hu Cheng Nv , Huang Wen Fei
Published: February 2011

Hexanedioic acid, PEG6000 and zinc oxide (ZnO) was chosen as raw materials,and tetrabutyl titanate as catalyst to synthesize the poly(ether ester) containing zinc (PEEM). PEEM and Diphenyl-methane-diisocyanate (MDI) as chain extender was added into polycaprolactam whose molecular weight is about 4000 for synthesizing poly (ether ester amide) containing zinc (PEEAM). The rheological behavior of PEEAM was investigated by an advanced rheometric expansion system (ARES). Dynamic rheometer was used to measure the structures and properties of PEEAM. The dynamic rheological test indicated that the complex modulus (G*), the dynamic storage modulus (G”) and loss modulus (G’) of the PEEAM increase with the frequency (ω) increasing; the complex viscosity (η*) decreases linearly with the ω increasing, and decreases slightly with the temperature increasing, which indicates obvious flow behavior of pseudoplastic fluid. The Cole-Cole curves are convex, in the low frequency zone, the real number viscosity at 260°C is smaller than the real number viscosity at 230°C. The loss tangent (tan δ) presents a miximum with the increase of ω.
Synthesis of Cationic Starch of High DS Using Metal Sodium in Place of Sodium Hydroxide
Authors: Liu Zhong , Guo Sheng , Si Chuan Ling , Liu Peng Tao
Published: February 2011

Cationic starch was prepared from maize starch, with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride used as cationic reagent, by our specific solvent process, which was different from dry procedure. In conventional solvent process, the solvents were hydrophilic and sodium hydroxide was employed as catalyst. Metal sodium as a substitute for sodium hydroxide in the synthesis of high DS (degree of substitution) cationic starch could be obtained using dioxane as solvent. A L9(34) orthogonal analysis was used in this work and results suggested the best combination of the reaction condition was A2B2C1, where the reaction time, temperature and weight of metal sodium were 2 h, 80 °C and 0.5 g, respectively. FTIR spectra revealed a special peak (1450 cm-1) of cationic starch confirming the existence of cationic groups in cationic starch. In a model of neutralizing the anionic groups, it revealed that the content of 0.8% (w/w) cationic starch was the optimum dosage.
Dihydroxypropyl-Terminated Polysiloxane Modified UV Cure Water-Borne Polyurethane
Authors: Luo Sui Lian , Liu Chao Dong , Gong Guo Fei
Published: February 2011

In this paper three kind of water borne polyurethane are synthesized. FTIR identify the structure of 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate terminated water borne polyurethane with block PDMS. It is found that Si-WPUA has excellent water-resistance, good toughness, and good tensile strength. So, the work has been found the method which could improve water resistance and not decrease mechanical properties. It is hoped that the modified polyurethane could be used as coatings superior to the solvent-borne systems.
Removal of Cr(VI) from Aqueous Solution by Acid Treated Fungal Biomass
Authors: Zhang Li Fang , Chen Ying Ying , Zhang Wen Jie
Published: February 2011

Biosorption of chromium (VI) ions from aqueous solution with fungal biomass Penicillium sp. was investigated in the batch system. The influence of contact time, solution pH, biosorbent concentration, initial concentration of Cr (VI) ions and temperature on biosorption capacity of Cr (VI) ions was studied. The uptake of Cr (VI) was highly pH dependent and the optimum pH for biosorption of Cr (VI) ions was found to be 2.0. Biosorption capacity of Cr (VI) ions decreased with increased biosorbent concentration and increased with increase in initial concentration of Cr (VI) ions. The experiment results also showed that high temperatures increased the biosorption capacity of Cr (VI) by fungal biomass. It was found that the biosorption equilibrium data were fitted very well to the kangmuir as well as to the Freundlich adsorption model. The maximum sorptive capacities obtained from the Langmuir equation at temperature of 20, 30 and 40°C were 25.91, 32.68 and 35.97 mg/g for Cr (VI) ions, respectively. The results of this study indicated that the fungal biomass of Penicillium sp. is a promising biosorbent for removal of chromium (VI) ions from the water.
Effect of Aging Precipitation on Properties of Cu-Ni-Si-Mg Alloy
Authors: Wang Jun Feng , Jia Shu Guo , Chen Shao Hua , Song Ke Xing , Liu Ping , Yu Guo Jun
Published: February 2011

The Cu-Ni-Si-Mg alloy was treated by aging after varying cold deformation. The effect of cold deformation, aging temperature and aging time on the microstructure and properties of the alloy were investigated. The results indicate that the alloy produce a larger number of slip bands and dislocations after cold deformation, it can accelerate the precipitation of phase during aging, improve the microhardness and electrical conductivity. The microhardness and electrical conductivity of the alloy with 80% deformation aging at 723 K for 1h are 242HV and 35.53%IACS, respectively. The volume fraction of the precipitated phase was calculated by measuring the electrical conductivity of the alloy with 80% deformation aging at 773 K, then both the equations of phase transformation and the electrical conductivity equation were obtained.
Structure and Morphology of PVDF-G-PAMPS Membrane
Authors: Guo Gui Bao , An Sheng Li
Published: February 2011

A proton exchange membrane of blended poly (acrylamido-2- methylpropane sulfonic acid) (PAMPS) grafted onto modified poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membrane (PVDF-g-PAMPS) was prepared. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is used to characterize changes of the membrane's microstructures after grafting. The morphology of the membrane's microstructures after grafting is studied by scanning electrolytic microscope.The results show that 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid is easily grafted into PVDF modified by Plain sodium silicate (Na4SiO4).
Micro Plastic Part Fabrication Using Custom Made Vertical Injection Molding Machine
Authors: Azuddin M. , Taha Z. , Choudhury Imtiaz Ahmed
Published: February 2011

This study focuses on fabrication of a micro plastic part using custom made vertical injection molding machine. Electrical discharge machining (EDM) and micro mechanical machining was used to fabricate micro shape cavity on aluminum mold. The mold was embedded with Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) window to observe the behavior of plastic melt flow during injection. The custom made vertical injection molding machine has capabilities to produce a micro plastic part. But, the filling behavior observation was contrast with MoldFlow analysis software. The flashing problem occurs at each molded micro part due to improper selection of injection molding parameter.
Flame Retardant Epoxy Resins Containing Microcapsules
Authors: Wu Fa Chao
Published: February 2011

Bis(2,6,7-trioxa-l-phosphabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-4-methanol) melaminium salt (Melabis) and microcapsules of Melabis with melamine resin shell as flame retardants (FR), respectively, were synthesized. Their structures were characterized by NMR, IR, SEM, TG and element analysis. 20% weight of microcapsules was doped into epoxy resins (EP) to get 28.5 % of LOI and UL 94 V-0. The heat and smoke release of EP containing microcapsules was valued by cone calorimeter.
Self-Assembly and Characterization of TiO2/PS Complex Particle and TiO2 Hollow Spheres
Authors: Xiao Fan , Li Wei , Zhang Zhi Xian , Gao Fei
Published: February 2011

Using TiO2 particles obtained by hydrolysis of titanium oxysulfate as the precursor, polystyrene (PS) microspheres as the template, TiO2/PS complex particles were successfully deposited on Ti substrates through layer-by-layer self-assembly technique and the surfactant-assisted process at low temperature. Then removed PS spheres by two methods, TiO2 hollow spheres were attained. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to characterize the synthesized materials. The results showed that the crystallization, structure and surface morphology of TiO2/PS on the surface have a great relationship with the pH value of treating solution. Diversity effects on surface integrity and bioactive of hollow spheres happened due to different ways of removing PS core.
Crystallographic Constitutive Models for Single Crystal Superalloys
Authors: Wang Qing Wu , Pang Mao , Zhang Shi Hui
Published: February 2011

Single crystal nickel base superalloys, such as Chinese material DD6 have been used in gas turbine blade in China more and more widely. In order to make better use of single crystal superalloys with many excellencies, constitutive models have been developed. In this paper, general method of crystallographic constitutive modeling was summarizes and a new constitutive model, based on crystallographic theory was proposed with phenomenological models' advantages. Based on crystallographic slip system principle, the basic slip-based viscoplasticity theory equations were set up on 12 octahedral slip systems and 6 cubic slip systems, total 18 slip systems. In micro-level slip system, the general unified constitutive formulations were used as the flow equations and hardening law. In the model, scalar forms were applied for constitutive equations on slip systems and the number and types of active slip systems were used to describe the material anisotropy, which was satisfied automatically by slip systems not anisotropic tensors and. The experimental and calculation results of two kind single crystal superalloys PWA1480 and DD6 were compared. The model had the capability to predict many mechanical response and analyze structure of single crystal superalloys. The modeling procedures and results showed that this crystallographic model had more clear physical meaning and was exact.
Study on the Difference of the Propagation Characteristics between Open Flaws and close Flaws in Brittle Materials under Compressive Loading
Authors: Li Qiang , Shang Yan Liang , Wang Yang , Fu Ying Chun
Published: February 2011

The second development of ABAQUS is implemented to simulate the initiation, propagation processes of flaws in brittle materials under compressive loading (in the paper ‘flaw’ means ‘the initial crack’, and ‘crack’ means ‘the branch crack’), by which the propagation paths and the corresponding stress intensity factors of the branch crack can be calculated. Further more the experiment is carried out to verify the validity of the above numerical method. By the numerical method, the propagation processes of open flaws and close flaws are simulated, and the comparative analysis of propagation characteristics between the open flaw and the close flaw is carried out. The results show the obvious difference in the propagation characteristics between open flaws and close flaws with the same initial flaw length and angle. Firstly, compared with the close flaw, the branch crack of the open flaw grows along a more obviously curvilinear path, and the propagation path gradually approaches to a line, which passes through the middle point of the open flaw and parallel to the maximum principal stress. Secondly in the early stage of the crack propagation, the stress intensity factors of the branch crack of the open flaw are greater than of the close flaw, but with the further propagation of the branch cracks, the stress intensity factors of the branch crack of the open flaw will be less than of the close flaw. Additionally, according to the close flaw, with the decrease of the friction coefficients, the curve characteristics of the crack propagation paths become more obvious. Therefore, it is noteworthy that the wing crack of the close flaw can be regard as the straight line if the friction coefficient of the flaw surface is very small. The above differences of the propagation characteristics between the open flaws and the close flaw show that the two flaws should be distinguished strictly in the fracture analysis.
Failure Analysis of the Guide Pillar in a Progressive Die
Authors: Wu Xiao Feng , Xu Na , Lou Fei Peng , Li Yong De , Shi Jun Bo
Published: February 2011

The fracture of the Cr12MoV guide pillar in a progressive die during punching was investigated by SEM observation, metallographic examination, chemical composition analysis, hardness testing. It is showed that the failure of the guide pillar was caused by fatigue. The fatigue crack initiated from the circumferential groove by repeated punching, and propagated throughout about 1/3 of fracture surface, then, instantaneous fracture eventually took place. Besides, there are some bigger eutectic carbides and inclusions in the pillar that made the material worse.
Experimental Analysis on Acoustic Emission of The Fracture Marble Under High Tempreture
Authors: Liang Zhong Yu , Chen Zhan Qing , Ni Xiao Yan
Published: February 2011

The marble acoustic emission characteristics under different temperature tested and analyzed under uniaxial compression, and the contrast analysis that passes to acoustic emission the signal and the mechanics parameters to the marble can get,The characteristic curve of acoustic emission is distinguishing with the variety of temperature and stress level, the acoustic emission characteristic and stress-strain curve of fracture rock exists corelation characteristic. At the same stress-level, along with the temperature raising up, the relevant dimension has the trend of the aggrandizement, and the related coefficient will change randomly. The marble then expresses a mechanics characteristics of soft rock at over 1000oC, and the strength-limit descending sharply. The process parameters of AE count in the time domain has a better self-similar characteristics.
Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptivity of Hot-Dip Galvanized Steel in Wet-Dry Cyclic Simulated Marine Atmospheric Environment
Authors: Zhang Da Lei , Li Yan , Jin You Hai , Tang Xiao
Published: February 2011

Hydrogen permeation and embrittlement behavior of hot-dip galvanized steels in wet-dry cyclic simulated marine atmospheric environment was investigated by hydrogen permeation current measurement using modified Devanathan-Stachurski cell, slow strain rate tensile test and scanning electron microscopy technique. It was found that hydrogen absorption was accelerated in wet-dry cyclic environment. On the other hand, hydrogen absorption and permeation reduced the percentage elongation after fracture of galvanized steel specimens; meanwhile, the fracture characteristics of samples fringe occurred some lacerated phenomena, i.e., galvanized steels show a higher susceptivity of hydrogen embrittlement when exposed to wet-dry cyclic marine atmospheric environment.
Experimental Analysis and Theoretical Research of Electro-Mechanical Characterization of Piezoelectric Stack Actuators
Authors: Ye Hui Qun
Published: February 2011

This paper presents the results of experimental analysis and theoretical research of piezoelectric stack actuators. The key is to understand the behavior of piezoelectric materials mechanical loads in this paper, and to determine optimum working conditions. Based on analysis of some parameters and driven model, which are necessary to performing design optimization to achieve maximum energy transfer and minimum power consume.
Influences of CA Mortar Elastic Modulus on Stress and Deformation of Slab Track in High Speed Railway
Authors: Chen Rong , Wang Ping , Liu Zhe
Published: February 2011

CA mortar is a key component of slab track. It is used as the material for leveling damping structure layer between the rigid track slab and concrete trackbed of slab track in high speed rail. In order to determine functions of CA mortar with low elastic modulus (EM), the beam/plate theory on elastic foundation was applied to the calculation of slab track’s stress. Under the bonding or no-bonding condition, the influence of CA mortar’s EM on the warping stress and displacement of track slab were calculated. Stress distribution of CA mortar under the common effects of train load and temperature gradient was explored, and the intensity requirement of CA mortar with different EM was put forward. Calculation results show that longitudinal and lateral bending moments of base plate both increase with the increasing of CA mortar’s EM; when the CA mortar’s EM is in the range of 50～10000MPa, there is gap between track slab and the mortar and the deformation of CA mortar (50mm thick) is not enough to compensate the warpage of the track slab; with the increasing of CA mortar’s EM, the tensile and compressive stresses of CA mortar both increase under the common effects of train load and temperature gradient, thus higher requirements on tensile and compressive strength are demanded when CA with high elastic modulus is used.
Study on Oil Quality Evaluation System and its Implementation Based on Multi-Information Fusion
Authors: Wu Xiong Xi
Published: February 2011

This paper presents the oil quality evaluation system and establishes the two-stage fusion model based on multi-sensor information fusion technology. It also develops the oil quality evaluation model based on neural network model. With the advantages of multi-source information technology, the model implements comprehensive evaluation for oil quality, and provides a set of neural network training process and its results which achieve the oil quality evaluation based on information fusion. The case study shows that the prediction results for four kinds of oil samples by evaluation model based on multi-source fusion are consistent with the actual results. The comparison between operation test trend predictions and actual tests also shows the correctness of the oil quality evaluation model. The proposed multi-information fusion technology for oil quality evaluation system improves the evaluation accuracy and reduces dependence on technical personnel’s analysis experience, which is of great importance for improving the technical management level and the awareness of oil lubrication properties.
Characterization and Simulation of Mechanical Behavior of 6063 Aluminum Alloy Thin-Walled Tubes
Authors: Zhu Hao , Qin Cha , Wang Jian Qiang , Qi Fang Juan
Published: February 2011

The material characterization and mechanical behaviors of aluminum alloy (6063) were investigated using flat specimens and the butterfly specimens with a modified Arcan fixture. The butterfly specimens were tensile-loaded at various stress triaxiality by changing the loading angles of the Arcan fixture. The flat specimens were tensile-loaded at various strain rates. The results of tensile tests at various stress triaxiality showed that the curves of engineering stress-engineering strain are obviously different. The results of different strain rates tensile tests showed that the yield stress and fracture stress increased slightly with strain rates increasing, however the fracture strain decreased obviously with strain rates increasing, and the ultimate strength almost remained constant. The Johnson-cook constitutive model could be used to describe the dynamic axial crashing behavior of thin-walled 6063 aluminum alloy tubes under impact loading. The material constants of the Johnson-cook constitutive model and failure model were acquired to be used for FEM simulation through material characterization.
Determination of Hardening Coefficient of Large Strain Constitutive Model Based on Torsion Tests
Authors: Yang Li Hong , Wu Lin Zhi
Published: February 2011

Uni-tension test and torsion test with specimens of A3 steel are completed, and deformation rate, the spin of Euler configuration to Lagrange configuration and generalized Jaumann rate of Kirchhoff stress in torsion problem are given. Large strain constitutive relationship with generalized Jaumann stress rate is studied based on torsion test. The simple shear problem is discussed by using the constitutive model given in this paper. The result indicates that the hardening coefficient of constitutive model with generalized Jaumann rate may be given by the same expression as that of constitutive model with Jaumann objective rate when determining by using torsion tests and the shear stress response curve in simple shear problem obtained by using the constitutive model in this paper is similar to the shear stress-strain curve given in solid circular shaft torsion tests.
Effect of Gd and Y on the Low Cycle Fatigue Properties of AZ91D-0.4Ca-0.3Sr
Authors: Zhu Yong Chang , Rong Shou Fan , Shukayev S. N. , Wang Jun
Published: February 2011

The properties of gravity casting AZ91D-0.4Ca-0.3Sr alloy with Gd and Y in metal mould were studied by controlling the total strain amplitude ranged from 0.05mm to 0.25mm.under the conditions of the stress of ratio R equal to –1. In addition, the microstructure, phases, chemical constitute, fracture and low cycle fatigue behaviors of the magnesium alloy were primarily researched by means of SEM, EDAX and XRD and so on. The results showed that 3.0wt%Gd and 3.0wt%Y introduced the AZ91D-0.4Ca-0.3Sr alloy can refine α-Mg, and that Gd cooperating with Y can significantly improve the low cycle fatigue life. The low cycle fatigue times can be up to approximately 9874.
Quasi-Hamilton Principle of Quasi-Crystals Beam.
Authors: Liu Zong Min , Song Hai Yan , Mao Ji Ze
Published: February 2011

Quasi-crystals is not only a new structure of solids but also a new class of functional and structural materials. With the research and development of quasi-crystals, the mechanical properties of quasi-crystals get more and more attention. In the paper, quasi-Hamilton principle of quasi-crystals beam is established in non-conservative systems. And applying the quasi-Hamilton principle, all the equations of non-conservative quasi-crystals beam problem are obtained in the phonon field and the phason field respectively.
Effect of Potentials on Stress Corrosion Cracking of X80 Pipeline Steel in Simulated Soil Solution
Authors: Cheng Yuan , Yu Hong Ying , Wang Ying , Meng Xu , Zhang Li Xin , Sun Dong Bai
Published: February 2011

The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility of X80 pipeline steel, which was used in the Second West-East Gas Pipeline, was investigated in simulated soil solution of Xinzhou in Hubei province of China. The SCC susceptibility was studied using the slow strain rate tensile (SSRT) tests in which different potentials were applied. The fracture surfaces were observed using SEM. X80 steel was susceptible to SCC in simulated solution. The SCC was not serious with the anodic potentials applied. The fracture mechanism was anodic dissolution. But the SCC was affected obviously with different cathodic potentials because of the different influence of the hydrogen.