bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Principle of Proportionality in European Union Law as a Prerequisite for Penalization
Authors: Długosz Joanna
Published: February 2020

The paper analysis the principle of proportionality, which is widely applied in the EU legal order and is therefore one of the fundamental principles of the system of the European Union. It is one of the legal principles that govern decision-making processes and common strategic objectives, and which are applicable when establishing European Union legislation and transposing it into national law, including in the area of criminal law, although the current analyses do not often focus on discussing this aspect. Due to its complexity and significance for the processes of establishing and applying the law, the principle of proportionality requires detailed and separate discussion, especially in the context of European criminal law.
Wyzwania kształtowania nowego porządku międzynarodowego dla polityki Niemiec wobec Rosji w drugiej dekadzie XXI wieku
Authors: Cziomer Erhard
Published: February 2020

Artykuł podejmuje ważny oraz złożony problem, związany z analizą wpływu kształtowania nowego porządku międzynarodowego dla polityki Niemiec wobec Rosji. Składa się on z trzech części:

1) ogólne tendencje niemieckich badań nad przemianami porządku międzynarodowego;

2) istota nowej strategii polityki Niemiec wobec Rosji;

3) wyzwania realizacji polityki Niemiec wobec Rosji.

Jako czołowe państwo UE o rozbudowanych interesach globalnych Niemcy będące czwartą gospodarką światową korzystały w XXI w. w dużym stopniu ze zdobyczy globalizacji oraz dominującego w skali całego świata – międzynarodowego porządku neoliberalnego. W tym kontekście pierwszoplanowe znaczenie dla Niemiec miała współpraca z Rosją jako partnerem strategicznym. Uległa ona ograniczeniu po przejściu Rosji do polityki jawnej agresji przeciw Ukrainie w 2014 r. (aneksja Krymu oraz wsparcia dla Separatystów w Donbasie), podważając tym samym istniejący porządek międzynarodowy. W konsekwencji nałożenia na Rosję sankcji – przez USA, kraje NATO i UE – ekipa rządząca na Kremlu na czele z W. Putinem dokonała zwrotu w kierunku pogłębienia współpracy z Chinami, zmierzając zarazem do osłabienia wpływów USA i budowy konkurencyjnego porządku multilateralnego. Napięcia i trudności w relacjach transatlantyckich na tle polityki „America first” nowego prezydenta USA D. Trumpa od początku 2017 skłoniła Niemcy do podtrzymania relacji z Rosją oraz Chinami w wymiarze bilateralnym i wielostronnym.
R. M. Czarny, O. Filipec, M. Grzybowski, Drogi państw nordyckich do Unii Europejskiej, Wydawca: Compus, Kielce–Trnava 2018, ss. 168.
Authors: Ratajczak Anna
Published: February 2020

Recenzja
KARİYER YÖNETİMİNİN BAZI İNSAN KAYNAKLARI FONKSİYONLARI İLE İLİŞKİSİ ÜZERİNE BİR ÇALIŞMA
Authors: OKAKIN Neslihan
Published: February 2020

Kariyer yönetimi ve insan kaynakları yönetimi arasındaki ilişki bazı insan kaynakları fonksiyonları üzerinde önemli bir rol oynar. Kariyer yönetimi ise üç değişik bakış açısı ile değerlendirilebilir. Bunlar, endüstri sosyolojisi, insan kaynakları yönetimi ve örgütsel davranıştır. Bu çalışmada kariyer yönetimi insan kaynakları yönetimi açısından ele alınmıştır. Birinci bölümde kariyer yönetimi tanımlanarak, insan kaynakları yönetiminin planlama, işe alma, eğitim ve geliştirme, performans yönetimi ve ücret yönetimi fonksiyonları ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. İkinci bölümde ise kariyer yönetiminin sözü edilen insan kaynakları fonksiyonları ile ilişkisini ele alan bir araştırmaya yer verilmiştir. Çalışmanın araştırma evrenini Türkiye’de üretim, finans ve hızlı tüketim sektörlerinde faaliyet gösteren yerli ve yabancı sermayeli orta ve büyük ölçekli özel işletmeler oluşturmaktadır. Elde ettiğimiz bulgulara göre kariyer yönetiminin sözü edilen insan kaynakları fonksiyonları ile sıkı bir ilişki içinde olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Kariyer yönetimi ile en yüksek bağlantının performans yönetimi arasında kurulduğu, bunu eğitim ve geliştirme fonksiyonunun izlediği ve daha sonra sırası ile planlama, işe alım ve ücretlendirme fonksiyonlarının takip ettiği gözlemlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak kariyer yönetiminin sözü edilen insan kaynakları fonksiyonları ile değişik seviyelerde fakat yakın bir ilişki içinde olduğu vurgulanmıştır.
Plasmonic nanofocusing spectral interferometry
Authors: Esmann Martin , Chimeh Abbas , Korte Anke , Zhong Jin-Hui , Stephan Sven , Witt Julia , Wittstock Gunther , Talebi Nahid , Lienau Christoph
Published: February 2020

We describe and demonstrate a novel experimental approach to measure broadband, amplitude- and phase-resolved scattering spectra of single nanoparticles with 10-nm spatial resolution. Nanofocusing of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) propagating along the shaft of a conical gold taper is used to create a spatially isolated, spectrally broad nanoscale light source at its very apex. The interference between these incident SPPs and SPPs that are backpropagating from the apex leads to the formation of an inherently phase-stable interferogram, which we detect in the far field by partially scattering SPPs off a small protrusion on the taper shaft. We show that these interferograms allow the reconstruction of both the amplitude and phase of the local optical near fields around individual nanoparticles optically coupled to the taper apex. We extract local light scattering spectra of particles and quantify line broadenings and spectral shifts induced by tip-sample coupling. Our experimental findings are supported by corresponding finite-difference time-domain and coupled dipole simulations and show that, in the limit of weak tip-sample coupling, the measurements directly probe the projected local density of optical states of the plasmonic system. The combination of a highly stable inline interferometer with the inherent optical background suppression through nanofocusing makes it a promising tool for the locally resolved study of the spectral and temporal optical response of coupled hybrid nanosystems.
Significant contribution of fibrils on pulp fiber surface to water retention value
Authors: Kimura Minoru , Ishida Takashi , Ono Yuko , Takeuchi Miyuki , Isogai Akira
Published: February 2020

The contribution of structural changes of softwood bleached kraft pulp (SBKP) fibers and partly dried SBKP handsheets to their water retention values (WRVs) was studied. Two factors related to mesopores and macropores, which were determined for super critical point (SCP)-dried SBKP sheet samples, should participate in the WRVs determined for wet SBKP sheet samples. The mesopores are formed during pulping/bleaching to remove lignin and a part of hemicelluloses that are present originally in wood cell walls. The combined volumes of mesopores and macropores (totally < ∼0.6 g g−1) in SBKP fibers after SCP drying were significantly lower than the entire WRV (∼1.6 g g−1) of the original never-dried SBKP. We hypothesize that external fibrils of SBKP fibers are formed during pulping, bleaching, washing, pressure-screening, and pressing processes at high and low solid contents in water under high shear forces. The WRV can be used as an indicator to evaluate such structural changes of external fibrils in pulp fibers and paper sheets during drying/wetting in papermaking process as well as in use under various conditions. In contrast, changes in mesopore and macropore volumes determined for SCP-dried sheets cannot properly detect such structural changes of external fibrils.
Quality of Life in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pazokian Marzieh , Esmaeili Maryam
Published: February 2020

Background: Quality of life (QOL) is a powerful phrase that reflects maintaining health and well-being in different societies and cultures, reflecting the positive and negative aspects of people’s lives. Patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) have an undesirable QOL, and this has become one of the most important causes of mortality in the world. Objective: This review article aimed to summarize the results of previous studies on health-related QOL in patients with LC to determine their problems and needs. Methods: This review was conducted using Cochran’s seven-step model. This paper is the result of research on QOL in patients with LC through searches conducted in Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct using the keywords liver cirrhosis, chronic liver disease, quality of life, health-related quality of life, and self-care for articles published between 2012-2018. Ultimately, 11 articles were obtained and analyzed. Results: The results of this review showed that the QOL in patients with LC is poor and is lower than in other populations. Many factors, such as age, gender, and education, influence QOL and should be addressed in order to solve the challenges and problems faced by these patients. Increasing awareness and education are the most important issues for LC patients. Conclusion: QOL in patients with LC is affected by many factors. The lack of awareness about the disease and its complications is considered the biggest problem for these patients. To improve the QOL and care of these patients, nursing care guidelines, awareness raising, and education about the disease and its complications, treatment, and new treatments are needed.
In a Basiji Kitchen: Halal Jello, Biomorality, and Blessing in the Islamic Republic of Iran
Authors: Wellman Rose
Published: February 2020

This article explores the political life of jello, or zheleh, among Basiji Shi‘i families in the contemporary Islamic Republic of Iran. Since the inception of the 1979 Constitution, Islamic laws concerning halal food, drink, and culinary etiquette have been heavily emphasized by state policy makers. This article focuses on jello, a popular gelatin dessert among state supporting Shi‘i families (here members of the Basij, Iran's paramilitary organization), to explore the scope and form of moral and religious foodways in the present-day Islamic Republic. I argue that jello reveals a complex milieu of sparring Western, cosmopolitan, national, and religious food practices that are connected with ideas and practices of (religious) citizenship. This article draws from fifteen months of ethnographic research in Fars Province of Iran and in Tehran, and from research of jurisprudence and popular media.
A Golden Tree in the “Garden of Pages”
Authors: Pattison Joel
Published: February 2020

This article offers a critical evaluation of a purported diplomatic mission from Genoa to the Marīnid sultan of Morocco, Abū Yaʿqūb Yusuf (r. 1286–1307 CE). Ibn Abī Zarʿ, author of a famous chronicle known as the Rawḍ al-qirṭās, or “Garden of Pages,” recorded the arrival of the Genoese along with their impressive gift: a golden or gilded tree with singing birds. His inclusion of the episode in a narrative otherwise devoted to the deeds of the dynasty and history of Fez raises several interesting questions. How did the Genoese construct or acquire the tree? Why was the nature of this gift important, and what might have been the goals of the Genoese embassy in bringing such a costly object along? I propose that we understand the embassy and its inclusion in the narrative as part of a Marīnid desire to promote the dynasty as legitimate heirs of previous Islamic rulers. This desire made use of symbols of pious and wise kingship, including the mechanical marvel represented by the tree, which bore an impressive ideological pedigree in Islamic and Christian literary and representational traditions. For their part, the Genoese may have been motivated by a desire to repair relations with Abū Yaʿqūb damaged by the activity of Benedetto Zaccaria in the straits of Gibraltar. Taken as a whole, this brief but under-studied event suggests both the Mediterranean scope of this symbol of kingship and its use by medieval diplomats to achieve practical ends.
On comparison of the principles of equivalent utility and its applications
Authors: Chudziak M.
Published: February 2020

An insurance premium principle is a way of assigning to every risk, represented by a non-negative bounded random variable on a given probability space, a non-negative real number. Such a number is interpreted as a premium for the insuring risk. In this paper the implicitly defined principle of equivalent utility is investigated. Using the properties of the quasideviation means, we characterize a comparison in the class of principles of equivalent utility under Rank-Dependent Utility, one of the important behavioral models of decision making under risk. Then we apply this result to establish characterizations of equality and positive homogeneity of the principle. Some further applications are discussed as well.
Estimates of approximative characteristics of the classes $B^{\Omega}_{p,\theta}$ of periodic functions of several variables with given majorant of mixed moduli of continuity in the space $L_{q}$
Authors: Fedunyk-Yaremchuk O.V. , Hembars'ka S.B.
Published: February 2020

In this paper, we continue the study of approximative characteristics of the classes $B^{\Omega}_{p,\theta}$ of periodic functions of several variables whose majorant of the mixed moduli of continuity contains both exponential and logarithmic multipliers. We obtain the exact-order estimates of the orthoprojective widths of the classes $B^{\Omega}_{p,\theta}$ in the space $L_{q},$ $1\leq p<q<\infty,$ and also establish the exact-order estimates of approximation for these classes of functions in the space $L_{q}$ by using linear operators satisfying certain conditions.
On inverse submonoids of the monoid of almost monotone injective co-finite partial selfmaps of positive integers
Authors: Gutik O.V. , Savchuk A.S.
Published: February 2020

In this paper we study submonoids of the monoid $\mathscr{I}_{\infty}^{\,\Rsh\!\!\nearrow}(\mathbb{N})$ of almost monotone injective co-finite partial selfmaps of positive integers $\mathbb{N}$. Let $\mathscr{I}_{\infty}^{\nearrow}(\mathbb{N})$ be a submonoid of $\mathscr{I}_{\infty}^{\,\Rsh\!\!\nearrow}(\mathbb{N})$ which consists of cofinite monotone partial bijections of $\mathbb{N}$ and $\mathscr{C}_{\mathbb{N}}$ be a subsemigroup of $\mathscr{I}_{\infty}^{\,\Rsh\!\!\nearrow}(\mathbb{N})$ which is generated by the partial shift $n\mapsto n+1$ and its inverse partial map. We show that every automorphism of a full inverse subsemigroup of $\mathscr{I}_{\infty}^{\!\nearrow}(\mathbb{N})$ which contains the semigroup $\mathscr{C}_{\mathbb{N}}$ is the identity map. We construct a submonoid $\mathbf{I}\mathbb{N}_{\infty}^{[\underline{1}]}$ of $\mathscr{I}_{\infty}^{\,\Rsh\!\!\nearrow}(\mathbb{N})$ with the following property: if $S$ is an inverse submonoid of $\mathscr{I}_{\infty}^{\,\Rsh\!\!\nearrow}(\mathbb{N})$ such that $S$ contains $\mathbf{I}\mathbb{N}_{\infty}^{[\underline{1}]}$ as a submonoid, then every non-identity congruence $\mathfrak{C}$ on $S$ is a group congruence. We show that if $S$ is an inverse submonoid of $\mathscr{I}_{\infty}^{\,\Rsh\!\!\nearrow}(\mathbb{N})$ such that $S$ contains $\mathscr{C}_{\mathbb{N}}$ as a submonoid then $S$ is simple and the quotient semigroup $S/\mathfrak{C}_{\mathbf{mg}}$, where $\mathfrak{C}_{\mathbf{mg}}$ is the minimum group congruence on $S$, is isomorphic to the additive group of integers. Also, we study topologizations of inverse submonoids of $\mathscr{I}_{\infty}^{\,\Rsh\!\!\nearrow}(\mathbb{N})$ which contain $\mathscr{C}_{\mathbb{N}}$ and embeddings of such semigroups into compact-like topological semigroups.
On single-layer potentials for a class of pseudo-differential equations related to linear transformations of a symmetric $\alpha$-stable stochastic process
Authors: Mamalyha Kh.V. , Osypchuk M.M.
Published: February 2020

In this article an arbitrary invertible linear transformations of a symmetric $\alpha$-stable stochastic process in $d$-dimensional Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^d$ are investigated. The result of such transformation is a Markov process in $\mathbb{R}^d$ whose generator is the pseudo-differential operator defined by its symbol $(-(Q\xi,\xi)^{\alpha/2})_{\xi\in\mathbb{R}^d}$ with some symmetric positive definite $d\times d$-matrix $Q$ and fixed exponent $\alpha\in(1,2)$. The transition probability density of this process is the fundamental solution of some parabolic pseudo-differential equation. The notion of a single-layer potential for that equation is introduced and its properties are investigated. In particular, an operator is constructed whose role in our consideration is analogous to that the gradient in the classical theory. An analogy to the classical theorem on the jump of the co-normal derivative of the single-layer potential is proved. This result can be applied for solving some boundary-value problems for the parabolic pseudo-differential equations under consideration. For $\alpha=2$, the process under consideration is a linear transformation of Brownian motion, and all the investigated properties of the single-layer potential are well known.
Metric dimension of metric transform and wreath product
Authors: Ponomarchuk B.S.
Published: February 2020

Let $(X,d)$ be a metric space. A non-empty subset $A$ of the set $X$ is called resolving set of the metric space $(X,d)$ if for two arbitrary not equal points $u,v$ from $X$ there exists an element $a$ from $A$, such that $d(u,a) \neq d(v,a)$. The smallest of cardinalities of resolving subsets of the set $X$ is called the metric dimension $md(X)$ of the metric space $(X,d)$.

In general, finding the metric dimension is an NP-hard problem. In this paper, metric dimension for metric transform and wreath product of metric spaces are provided. It is shown that the metric dimension of an arbitrary metric space is equal to the metric dimension of its metric transform.
On additivity of derivations
Authors: Sandhu G.S. , Kumar D.
Published: February 2020

Let $R$ be a ring and $M$ be an $R$-bimodule. A mapping $d:R\rightarrow M$ (not necessarily additive) is called multiplicative derivation of $R$ if $d(xy)=d(x)y+xd(y)$ for all $x,y\in R.$ In this paper, we intend to establish the additivity of $d$ under some suitable restrictions. Moreover, we introduce multiplicative semi-derivations of rings and discuss their additivity.
Costos de la práctica clínica en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de un programa de odontología: la perspectiva de los estudiantes
Authors: Cortés Ana María , Galvis Jourgen , Díaz Juan Pablo , Bernal Luis Eduardo , Castellanos-Domínguez Yeny Zulay
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: Describir la perspectiva de los costos de los estudiantes de odontología de la Universidad Santo Tomás durante la realización de la práctica clínica. Materiales y métodos:  Mediante estudio observacional de corte transversal y un muestreo estratificado se recogió la información referente a la perspectiva de los estudiantes respecto a los costos y gastos en la realización de la práctica clínica. Los datos fueron tabulados en Microsoft Excel 2016Ò, validados en Epidata y exportados a Stata 14.0 para el análisis estadístico. El análisis univariado incluyó la descripción de datos mediante mediana y rango intercuartílico (RIC), y frecuencia absoluta y porcentaje. Las medidas de frecuencia están acompañadas del intervalo de confianza del 95%. El análisis bivariado presentó asociaciones estadísticas entre la perspectiva de los costos de los procedimientos (variable de resultado) y las variables independientes; valores de p£0,05 se consideraron como estadísticamente significativos.Resultados:  Un total de 194 participantes aportaron información para el estudio. La mediana de edad fue 21,9 años (RIC 21-23 años), 75,8% eran mujeres y 97,4% solteros. El 75,2% de los participantes considera que los costos superan sus expectativas, y el 66,5% manifestaron haber asumido el costo completo del tratamiento de sus pacientes. Entre las razones por las cuales asumen estos costos están cumplir con las actividades de la clínica (79,6%) o por la condición económica del paciente (60,2%). La perspectiva de los costos cambió conforme el semestre académico cursado (p=0,0001).Conclusiones: Entre mayor sea la complejidad de la clínica cursada, mayor es la perspectiva del estudiante frente al valor que debe ser pagado por los procedimientos realizados.
НЕЗБАГНЕННІ ШЛЯХИ ЄВРОПИ: В ПОШУКАХ ГАРМОНІЇ
Authors: КІСТЕРСЬКИЙ Леонід , РОМАНЕНКО Ольга , ЛИПОВА Тетяна
Published: February 2020

Проаналізовано мотиви, дії та наслідки інтеграційних і дезінтеграційних дій європейських країн і окремих політиків за останні 70 років. Показано провідну роль Франції та Німеччини в повоєнному об’єднанні Європи на основі християнських цінностей. Відзначено важливу позицію французьких політиків і особливу роль міністра закордонних справ Франції післявоєнної Європи Роберта Шумана, що запропонував план об’єднання народів Європи, який в сучасному вигляді перетворився на те, що ми сьогодні називаємо Європейським Союзом. Показано особливі інтеграційні успіхи за президентства в Європейській комісії француза Жака Делора. Обґрунтовано особливу роль Франції як в євроінтеграційних, так в «євроскептичних» процесах сучасної Європи. Доведено унікальність партнерства, в якому держави-члени об'єднали суверенітет у певних сферах політики та узгодили закони щодо широкого кола економічних і політичних питань.З’ясовано, що за останнє десятиріччя Європа явно відійшла від системи цінностей ініціаторів об’єднувальних процесів, що значною мірою стало причиною сучасної гострої кризи в ЄС; показано особливу роль Великої Британії та Німеччини у виникненні проблем, що призвели до втрати пріоритету християнських цінностей на користь короткострокового прагматизму. Проаналізовано абсорбційні можливості ЄС, які не відповідають викликам сучасного світу.Доведено, що хоча основні християнські цінності формували багато європейських інституцій, сучасне переважання матеріалістичних цінностей в Європі та прагнення негайного матеріалізму викликають глибоке занепокоєння за майбутнє Об’єднаної Європи.Обґрунтовано сценарії подальшого розвитку ЄС з урахуванням можливості різного ступеня інтегрованості, особливо потенціальних нових членів.
Protein Clustering in Formation of Falciparum Plasmodium using Soft Regularized-Markov Clustering Algorithm
Authors: Amrullah Hafizh , Wisnubroto Syamsuddin
Published: February 2020

AbstractProtein has an important role in our life. Every protein interacts with other proteins, DNA, and other molecules. It forms a very large protein interaction networks. We need clustering method to analyze it. Soft Regularized Markov Clustering (SR-MCL) algorithm is one of clustering method to reduce the weakness of Regularized Markov Clustering and Markov Clustering.  In this research, SR-MCL will be applied using OpenMP.  In every thread, SR-MCL is run using inflation parameter r = 2, 3, and 4. The simulation results show that, based on the fastest execution time and the smallest iteration, the parameter r = 2 produces the best cluster with 40 iterations and execution time is 613 seconds. The cluster centers obtained are 49 clusters with the largest cluster center is the XPO1 protein that interacts with 662 proteins, and 17 protein pairs that interact with each other. Therefore, the XPO1 is a very influential protein in Plasmodium Falciparum.Keywords: SR-MCL Algorithm, Protein Interaction Network, Plasmodium Falciparum. AbstrakProtein memiliki peranan yang sangat penting dalam kehidupan. Setiap  protein berinteraksi  dengan  protein-protein  lain,  DNA,  dan  molekul-molekul  lainnya, sehingga  terbentuklah  jaringan  interaksi  protein  yang  berukuran  sangat  besar. Untuk memudahkan dalam menganalisisnya, diperlukan metode clustering. Algoritma  Soft  Regularized  Markov  Clustering  (SR-MCL)  yang  merupakan pengembangan metode clustering untuk mengurangi kelemahan dari Regularized Markov  Clustering  dan Markov  Clustering.  Pada  penelitian  ini,  SR-MCL  akan diterapkan  menggunakan  OpenMP,  yaitu  setiap  thread  menjalankan  SR-MCL dengan  parameter  inflasi  r  =  2,  3,  dan  4.  Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa, berdasarkan waktu eksekusi tercepat dan iterasi terkecil, cluster terbaik diperoleh ketika r = 2 yang menghasilkan 40 iterasi dengan waktu eksekusi 613 detik. Pusat cluster adalah protein XPO1 yang berinteraksi dengan 662 protein dan 17 pasangan protein yang saling berinteraksi satu dengan lainnya. Oleh karena itu, protein XPO1 adalah protein yang sangat berpengaruh dalam pembentukan Plasmodium Falciparum.Kata kunci: Algoritma SR-MCL, Jaringan Interaksi Protein, Plasmodium Falciparum.
Study of the Distinguishing Features of Mughal Mosque in Dhaka: A Case of Sat Gambuj Mosque
Authors: Shirajom Monira Khondker
Published: February 2020

Mosque is the main focal point of Islamic spirit and accomplishments. All over the world in the Muslim settlements mosque becomes an edifice of distinct significance which is introduced by Prophet Muhammad (Sm.). Since the initial stage of Islam, Muslim architecture has been developed as the base point of mosque. Mosque architecture in medieval time uncovering clearly its sacred identity especially during the pre-Mughal and Mughal period in Bengal. Dhaka, the capital city of independent Bangladesh, is known as the city of mosques. The Mughal mosques of Dhaka are the exceptional example of mosque architecture wherever the ideas and used materials with distinguishing features have been successfully integrated in the medieval context of Bengal. In this research study, the author selected a unique historical as well as Dhaka’s most iconic Mughal era Mosque named “Sat Gambuj Mosque” (Seven Domed Mosque). The mosque, built in the 17th century, is a glowing illustration of Mughal Architecture with seven bulbous domes crowning the roof of the mosque, covering the main prayer area. It is undoubted that this magnificent ancient Mughal mosque is the material evidence of our glorious past with research worthy features and architectural details. This study is an attempt to identify the tangible distinguishing features of the Mughal mosque as well as the selected outstanding  historical Mughal mosque. The overall research study conducted here is focused on the accomplishment of the findings in order to relate those distinguishing features with the Mughal mosque characteristics based on the morphological character, architectural features, structure and decoration which will be represented own belief, historical values and cultural exclusivity to the architecture.
Sensitivity in Residential Design Towards Sustainability - A Vernacular Approach
Authors: Ar. Vanishree Mysore Ranganath
Published: February 2020

Vernacular design depicts a visual imagery of myriad layers of environmental, socio-cultural and economical ways of life. Initially, the development of Vernacular concepts originated with articulation of spaces to accommodate different forms of shelter appropriate to micro and macro climatic conditions across varied geographical locations.Later, it established an affinity for the place where the landscapes embraced these indigenous resources and practices and ensured compatibility between people, nature and human built environment. Hence, a reflexive relationship between nature and built environment which includes the necessity to create and adopt the right methodology evolved with time.Further, this pragmatic approach not only stands as an evidence to prove the positive impact it has on the environment but also holds the key to a sustainable development. An insight into diverse residential development patterns across different geographical locations in Indian subcontinent substantiates the above statement. The parameters that dictate the built form of these dwellings also contribute to the degree of design sensitivity towards the sustenance of that built form. This paper specifically analyses the factors that define the scope of residential planning across Peninsular India, North - Western regions and North -Eastern parts of India. This paper will also investigate the resilient nature of these factors which play a predominant role in the providing a conducive environment for sustainable development.
Lessons from Joglo’s Tectonic Adaptability for Sustainable Future
Authors: Yenny Gunawan
Published: February 2020

In order to accommodate the dynamic human activities, built environments should always be in a constant change. Demolishing, building a new or renovating building are not suitable anymore due to high cost and effort, thus discussions on creating adaptable architecture has increased significantly. This paper suggests that architects can learn from vernacular buildings which already have the capacity to adapt from hundreds years ago. A Javanese vernacular architecture type, known as Joglo, is chosen as case study due to its unique adaptability. Joglo, as a house and pendopo, has existed since the year 1700s, and it is still reuse until now as gallery, office, café/restaurant, (modern) house, hotel and shops in various locations, even outside Java Island. The analysis is divided into two phases; identifying Joglo’s adaptability by dissecting the building components according to Brand’s layers to evaluate which part of buildings changes and how much, identifying the relations between buildings’ layers and the joints’ construction with the aid of a 1:65 scale model to seek a better understanding of six adaptability strategy. In the end, the paper reveal that Joglo’s adaptability is deeply influenced by the durability of materials and the knock-down tectonic character. Hopefully, this traditional wisdom of vernacular building can be developed for the creation of sustainable architecture of the future.
Vitamin B12, Folate, and Cognition in 6- to 9-Year-Olds: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kvestad Ingrid , Taneja Sunita , Upadhyay Ravi P. , Hysing Mari , Bhandari Nita , Strand Tor A.
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Vitamin B12 and folate are important for normal brain development. Our objective for this study was to measure the effects of 6-month supplementation of vitamin B12 and/or folic acid in early childhood on cognition when the children were 6 to 9 years old.

METHODS:

The study is a follow-up of a factorial randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 1000 North Indian children. Children 6 to 30 months of age were randomly assigned to receive a placebo or 1.8 µg of vitamin B12, 150 mg of folic acid, or both daily for 6 months. After 6 years, we re-enrolled 791 of these children for cognitive assessments. We compared the scores of the main outcomes (the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition [India], the Crichton Verbal Scale, and subtests of the NEPSY-II) between the study groups. We also measured the associations between markers of the B vitamins (plasma cobalamin, folate, and total homocysteine concentrations) in early childhood and the cognitive outcomes.

RESULTS:

There were no differences between the intervention groups and the placebo group on the cognitive outcomes. Plasma cobalamin, folate, and total homocysteine concentrations in early childhood were associated with the cognitive outcomes at follow-up in the unadjusted models. These associations disappeared in models adjusted for relevant confounders.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our findings, from both an observational and a randomized design suggest that vitamin B12 and folate in children 6 to 36 months have limited public health relevance for long-term cognition.
Social activism as a practice of forming networked social movements
Authors: Гудзенко О. З.
Published: February 2020

This paper proposes a theoretical interpretation of social activism and its role in the practices of forming networked social movements. In today’s information society, the importance of solidarity practices for agents in social networks is increasing. The terms «activism», «online activism», «activism», «communication activism», «media activism», «collectivism» and so on have become widespread. They are used as markers of new practices for shaping social and political activist movements in social networks. However, the issue of social activism is not a sufficiently relevant topic in sociology. Discussions regarding the place and role of social activism in the practices of network social movement formation are more popular than scientific. Technological innovations of the information society have influenced forms of social interaction, communication, and solidarity of different levels of the agency. They transform and create innovative modes of social activism - from networking resources to collaborative activities to art-activism. Social networks are an active dynamic configuration space for various forms of social activism because they contain constantly updated information content created by network community agents in the form of comments, replies, likes, posts, and more. Networks are becoming a practical mechanism for social consolidation amid a crisis of legitimacy and trust in government. There is a shift in the practices of social and political activist movements into the internet space and social networks. The problem of new social movements has become especially relevant in recent years in connection with the proliferation of protest movements in the globalized society, which require relevant theoretical and methodological principles to study them. The paper deals with the consideration of social activism from the standpoint of the theory of the information society of M. Castels, the pragmatic sociology of L. Boltanski and L. Teweno and the theoretical developments of G. Reingold and S. Harrebi.
A STUDY OF KNITTED FABRICS PROPERTIES ABOUT THEIR INFLUENCE IN PATTERN MAKING OF LADIES’ DRESSES
Authors: Peneva Tanya
Published: February 2020

The article presents a study and analysis of properties of knitted fabrics about their influence in the process of pattern making of ladies dresses in different ‘types of silhouettes. The presented study uses the Standard NEXT TM 21a (knit) method for testing the stretchability and return of a cross-knit knitted fabric. This method is used in the accredited laboratory of one of Europe's largest fabrics manufacturers - E. Miroglio Ltd, which is made by clothing manufacturers and retailers. On the base of the obtained values, correction coefficients are determined which will be applied in pattern making of ladies' dresses in different types of silhouettes.
Educação para a infância na América Latina: uma perspectiva a partir da teologia da cultura
Authors: Tada Elton Vinicius Sadao , Müller Veronica Regina
Published: February 2020

O presente artigo discute a educação para a infância na América Latina a partir da Teologia da cultura de Paul Tillich. Para isso, o texto é dividido em três partes. Primeiramente uma apresentação da educação da infância na América Latina, em seguida faz-se uma aproximação fenomenológica a essa questão a partir do pensamento tillichiano e, por último apresenta-se uma proposição para a educação da criança na América Latina a partir de princípios tillichiano.
A origem do mal e o crepúsculo da razão na obra do rei de amarelo de Robert W. Chambers: teologia e literatura na cultura popular contemporânea.
Authors: Rodrigues Júlio César
Published: February 2020

Nesse artigo irei abordar o tema da origem do mal a partir das referências apresentadas no gênero literário denominado “fantasia sombria” com foco na obra de Robert W. Chambers, o Rei de Amarelo. O objetivo do artigo é apresentar a hipótese de que as influências diretas do gênero remontam a experiencia religiosa que se traduziu na filosofia gnóstica que ganhou notoriedade a partir do século 2 d.C. Por fim; o artigo fará alguns apontamentos sobre a influência desse gênero na literatura e cultura popular do mundo contemporâneo.
Parallel-mounted On-premise Letter Height and Sign Size
Authors: Garvey Philip M. , Klena M. Jennifer
Published: February 2020

Research and common sense attest to the fact that on-premise projecting signs are more detectable and are readable further away and at smaller sizes than wall-mounted signs. The objective of the current study was to conduct a small-scale field validation of earlier research on minimum letter heights for wall signs and to provide associated minimum square footage for these signs. Eight wall signs that varied in letter height and lateral offset were identified for evaluation on two roadways that varied in posted speed limit and cross-section in Nags Head, North Carolina. Using an empirical procedure involving driving and walking toward the signs, the legibility distances for these signs were evaluated and were found to compare favorably to past research that employed an analytical approach. An equation to determine sign size in square feet was also developed. Future research to further these findings is outlined.
Mid-term results of multi-ligament posterior and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using a modified method of bone tunnels drilling
Authors: Shulepov D. A. , Salihov M. R. , Zlobin O. V.
Published: February 2020

The problem of diagnosis and treatment of chronic anterior-posterior instability of the knee joint in multi-ligamentous injuries remains relevant, both medically and socially. Conservative treatment of patients with this pathology is ineffective due to severe instability and gross violation of the biomechanics of the knee joint. Currently, there is no consensus on the tactics of surgical treatment of this disease, and on the method of plastic replacement of the lost ligamentous apparatus.
Objective. To evaluate the clinical results of the modified technique of arthroscopic plastic surgery of both cruciate ligaments of the knee joint.
Patients and methods. Based on previous anatomical studies, the authors formulated the basic principles of safe formation of bone tunnels in simultaneous arthroscopic plastic surgery of the anterior (PKS) and posterior (ZKS) cruciate ligaments. An original method of surgery aimed at minimizing the risk of injury to the popliteal artery during the formation of the tibial bone tunnel is proposed. In the period from 2010 to 2017, the Department of endoscopic surgery treated 20 patients with damage to the SCS and SCS using this technique. The results were evaluated 6 and 12 months after surgery. Clinical examination, IKDC and Lisholm-Gillqist questionnaires and the visual analog pain assessment scale (VAS) were used to evaluate clinical results.
Results. The average score on the IKDC questionnaire was 34.1613.31 points before surgery, and 34.8918.37 points on the lisholm Gillqist questionnaire. 6 months after surgery 58.756.38 and 69.7814.10 points according to IKDC and LisholmGillqist, respectively, which is statistically significant (p0,05) higher than before surgery. A year after the operation, the positive dynamics was observed even more clearly (p0.01): 76.839.26 and 82.006.38 points, respectively. The final result of the evaluation according to the IKDC Protocol: 11(55.0%) patients were assigned to group A (good result),6 (30.0%) to group В (close to good result),2 (10.0%) to group C (satisfactory result) and 1 (5.0%) patient to group D (unsatisfactory result). Conclusion. The obtained clinical results allow to evaluate the proposed method as effective. In this case, the method of forming bone tunnels has a number of advantages compared to the classical technique, including minimizing the risk of intraoperative damage to the structures of the popliteal neurovascular bundle.
Association between MDR 1 (ABCB1) gene C3435T, C1236T, G2677T/A, A2956G polymorphisms and the risk of breast cancer among Turkish Women
Authors: MUTLU İÇDUYGU Fadime , ŞAMLI Hale , EVRENSEL Türkkan , ÖZGÖZ Asuman , HEKİMLER ÖZTÜRK Kuyaş , CANHOROZ Mustafa , DELİGÖNÜL Adem , İMİRZALIOĞLU Necat
Published: February 2020

Objective: The most
common malignancy in women is breast cancer worldwide. Previous studies
performed in different populations have suggested an association between
Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR1) gene polymorphisms and breast cancer risk in
women. The purpose of the current study is to examine relationship between MDR1
polymorphisms (C3435T, G2677T/A, C1236T, A2956G) and the risk of breast cancer
in Turkish women.Methods: In this study
35 breast cancer cases and 20 healthy controls were enrolled. Identification
of MDR1 genotypes was performed with the polymerase chain reaction/restriction
fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique.Results: We observed
significant difference in distribution of C3435T genotypes between the cases
and the controls (cases, CC 37.1%, CT 28.6%, and TT 34.3%; controls, CC 25%, CT
65%, and TT 10%, p: 0.023). On the other hand, no significant differences in
genotype and allele frequencies of C1236T and G2677T/A polymorphisms were
observed between groups. We also found that all subjects carry AA genotype for
A2956G polymorphism.

Conclusion: Although our study group is small, the results suggest that the MDR1
C3435T polymorphism may increase the breast cancer risk in Turkish women.
Development of Simplified Procedures in Civilistic Process in the Context of Legislative Reforms
Authors: Sakhnova Tatyana V.
Published: February 2020

The article is devoted to the problems connected with the unification of a number of judicial procedural and non-procedural codes of practice in modern civilistic process of Russia. These problems are reviewed in terms of ontology, taking into account new legislative statutes of 2018-2019. Unification and differentiation of judicial procedures is a twin-track trend of the civilistic process, stemming from globalization of the procedural in the 21st century. At the same time, the general regularity is achieved in different ways depending on the type of process and its national realisation. The judicial procedures, which have a structural specificity in relation to the general, “extended” judicial procedure within the civilistic procedural form, cannot be reduced to simplified procedures and simplification of the process only, but rather these procedures testify to the complication of the civilistic process. This article substantiates the thesis that an increase in the coefficient of applied efficiency of the civilistic process can only be implemented through reaching a balance of private law and public law in judicial procedures. The conclusions regarding the essence of court procedures and the methodology of their application in the procedural law are meaningful as regards lawmaking and law enforcement activities
El catálogo de Pijao Editores (1972-2000): una editorial “alternativa”
Authors: Marín Colorado Paula Andrea
Published: February 2020

desde el enfoque de los estudios editoriales, aquí se reconstruye parte de la historia de Pijao Editores (1972-actual), una de las editoriales literarias colombianas de más larga trayectoria en el país, reconocida por su robusto catálogo literario y por haber funcionado como casa de difusión de las primeras obras de muchos autores colombianos, en un momento en el que no encontraban fácilmente apoyo para la publicación de sus obras. Los objetivos del texto son presentar una parte de la historia —hasta hoy inexistente— de la editorial y reconstruir y analizar su catálogo (1972-2000).
Deontovalidación en la relación docente-estudiante
Authors: Suero Moreta Alfa Rigel , Ferriol Fermín
Published: February 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar la relación docente-estudiante, desde el modelo Deontovalidación, la cual se concibe a partir de las teorías del sistema ético de Vargas, la metacognición de Flavel y el marco tridimensional de la psicología de Dunker. Se utiliza la técnica de análisis interpretativo para hallar las conexiones entre las teorías estudiadas y la experiencia en la formación profesional de enfermería. En este enfoque, la relación docente-estudiante se interpreta en el marco de los principios éticos universales de bondad, justicia, libertad, unidad y verdad, donde el docente es un mediador que organiza el proceso de enseñanza para intervenir con afirmación, acercamiento y límites claros, motivando al alumno a usar el conocimiento y la regulación metacognitiva para asumir la actitud hacia los principios del Código Deontológico Internacional de Enfermería. Se concluye que, al aplicar este modelo, cada escuela debe definir criterios pertinentes a su contexto cultural, desarrollarlo en forma participativa y con una estructura flexible que discurra a través de toda la carrera.
A Influência da família na escolha da carreira: uma análise do genoprofissiograma de docentes da unipampa
Authors: Freddo Fleck Carolina
Published: February 2020

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a influência que a árvore genealógica profissional tem na escolha da carreira de docentes da Universidade Federal do Pampa, no campus de Santana do Livramento. Optou-se por analisar os educadores como forma de reconhecer a importância que possuem, pois são indispensáveis na construção do saber. A partir da elaboração do genoprofissiograma, com o auxílio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, foi possível observar o percurso profissional realizado pelos indivíduos a partir de preferências durante a infância e a adolescência, suas opções de curso universitário e a escolha efetiva da carreira docente. Além disso, identificou-se quais membros da família se mostraram mais relevantes durante esse período e fez-se uma reflexão acerca desse processo.
Os Aparatos Legais que Fomentam as Políticas Públicas Educacionais Voltadas para a Formação Docente no Brasil
Authors: Sales Márcea , Santana Santos Daniele , Cardoso de Araújo Ginaldo
Published: February 2020

Com objetivo de discutir aparatos legais que fomentam políticas públicas educacionais, voltadas à formação de professores no Brasil, este texto faz um sobrevoo na legislação brasileira, problematizando como esses documentos influenciam na organização curricular das licenciaturas e na formação docente, no Brasil. Para tanto, utilizamos pesquisa documental para análise de documentos que normatizam a formação docente como Constituição de 1988, Decretos e Diretrizes; e analisamos estrutura curricular de uma licenciatura oferecida por uma Universidade pública do Estado da Bahia. Paralelo a isso, recorremos à literatura para situar dispositivos legais no seu contexto histórico e social, e compreender que suas intencionalidades ligadas à ideologias políticas e econômicas, definem a efetivação dessas políticas no contexto da formação e atuação docente. Esse estudo evidenciou que bases legais que normatizam cursos de licenciatura no Brasil exercem influência na organização do currículo, definindo carga horária, competências e habilidades e perfil do egresso; no entanto as matrizes curriculares, mesmo trazendo formatos interdisciplinares, ainda conservam epistemologia positivista na formação do professor especialista. Essas evidências sinalizam a necessidade de revisão desses cursos, definindo seus Projetos a partir da complexidade do contexto educacional. Acreditamos, assim, que professores sairão mais preparados para o enfrentamento dos desafios da contemporaneidade.
Bonhoeffer, status confessionis, and the Lutheran tradition
Authors: DeJonge Michael P
Published: February 2020

It has frequently been suggested that Bonhoeffer’s resistance did not draw substantively from his own Lutheran theological tradition. Nonetheless, his reliance on the Lutheran tradition’s resistance resources is evident in his use of the phrase status confessionis. The phrase is a hallmark of the gnesio-Lutheran position in the sixteenth-century intra-Lutheran adiaphora controversy, the position authoritatively endorsed in the Formula of Concord. Bonhoeffer demonstrably knew this tradition of Lutheranism and in the early Church Struggle deployed the idea of status confessionis in a way that was faithful to it. Because status confessionis arguably more than any other term conveys the theological reasoning of his early resistance activity, this alone merits the conclusion that Bonhoeffer’s resistance drew substantively from the Lutheran tradition.