bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Second-position clitics and the syntax-phonology interface: The case of Ancient Greek
Authors: Goldstein David M. , Haug Dag T. T.
Published: December 2021

In this paper we discuss second position clitics in Ancient
Greek, which show a remarkable ability to break up syntactic
constituents. We argue against attempts to capture such data in terms
of a mismatch between c-structure yield and surface string and instead
propose to enrich c-structure by using a multiple context free grammar
with explicit yield functions rather than an ordinary CFG.
Mesotrione and Amicarbazone Tank-mixtures for Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) Control in Cool-season Turfgrass
Authors: Elmore Matthew T. , Patton Aaron J. , Thoms Adam W. , Tuck Daniel P.
Published: December 2021

Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) control with postemergence herbicides in cool-season turfgrass is often inconsistent. Amicarbazone and mesotrione have complementary modes of action but have not been evaluated in tank-mixtures for control of mature annual bluegrass in cool-season turfgrass. Field experiments were conducted during 2018 in New Jersey, and in Indiana, Iowa, and New Jersey during 2019 to evaluate springtime applications of amicarbazone and mesotrione for POST annual bluegrass control in cool-season turfgrass. On separate tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) sites in 2018, three sequential applications of amicarbazone (53 g⋅ha−1) + mesotrione at 110 to 175 g⋅ha−1 provided >70% annual bluegrass control, whereas three sequential applications of amicarbazone alone at 53 and 70 as well as two sequential applications at 110 g⋅ha−1 provided <15% control at 14 weeks after initial treatment (WAIT). In 2019, results in New Jersey were similar to 2018 where amicarbazone alone provided less control than mesotrione + amicarbazone tank-mixtures. In Indiana, where the annual bluegrass infestation was severe and most mature, tank-mixtures were more effective than amicarbazone alone at 6 WAIT, but at 12 WAIT all treatments provided poor control. In Iowa, where the annual bluegrass infestation was <1 year old, all treatments provided similar control throughout the experiment and by >80% at the conclusion of the experiment. This research demonstrates that sequential applications of mesotrione + amicarbazone can provide more annual bluegrass control than either herbicide alone, but efficacy is inconsistent across locations, possibly due to annual bluegrass maturity and infestation severity.
The Influence of Rootstock on Fruit Ethylene, Respiration, Index of Absorbance Difference, Fruit Quality, and Production of ‘Aztec Fuji’ Apple under a Full-crop Condition
Authors: Mahdavi Shahla , Fallahi Esmaeil , Fazio Gennaro
Published: December 2021

Selection of dwarfing rootstocks that facilitate optimum production of high-quality fruit is crucial in modern high-density apple orchards. In addition to tree growth and yield, rootstocks can influence fruit maturity of scion cultivars in apples. In this study, the impact of 17 rootstocks on fruit maturity, yield, and quality attributes of ‘Aztec Fuji’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) at harvest were evaluated in a season when all trees were in a “full-crop” condition. Keeping sealed fruit at room temperature, a typical climacteric pattern was observed in ethylene evolution, respiration, and oxygen consumption, peaking after 5–7 days in fruit from trees on all rootstocks. During the ripening period, ethylene evolution and respiration rates in fruit from trees on Supp.3, G.3001, and G.202 were often in the high-range category, whereas those on CG.4004, CG.4214, G.41N, and B.9 were in the midrange category and those on M.9Pajam2, M.26EMLA, and G.11 were in the low-range category. Evolved ethylene and respiration in fruit from trees on M9.T337 steadily and slowly increased from 7 days after harvest (7DAH) to 13 days after which harvest (13DAH) ethylene sharply increased, signaling occurrence of climacteric peak, while respiration declined after the peak of 13DAH. In fruit from trees on most rootstocks, the rates of oxygen consumption had inverse relationships with the rates of respiration, so that fruit from trees on M9.T337 had higher and those on G.41N and Supp.3 had lower rates of oxygen consumption. Trees on G.41N, CG.4004, and M.26EMLA had higher and those on CG.4003 had lower yield per tree than trees on other rootstocks. Trees on B.9 and M.9T337 were most yield efficient among trees on all rootstocks. Trees on CG.4004 had larger fruits than those on other rootstocks. Considering all fruit maturity, quality, and yield attributes, CG.4004 seems to be a good choice of rootstock for ‘Aztec Fuji’ under the conditions of this study.
Novel Sources of Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici Race 3 Among Solanum pennellii Accessions
Authors: Li Jian , Chitwood-Brown Jessica , Kaur Gurleen , Labate Joanne A. , Vallad G.E. , Lee Tong Geon , Hutton Samuel F.
Published: December 2021

Fusarium wilt of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), caused by fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol), is one of the most important diseases in tomato production. Three races of the pathogen are described, and race-specific resistance genes have been applied in commercial tomato cultivars for controlling the disease. Race 3 (Fol3) threatens tomato production in many regions around the world, and novel resistance resources could expand the diversity and durability of Fol resistance. The wild tomato species, Solanum pennellii, is reported to harbor broad resistance to Fol and was the source of two known Fol3 resistance genes. In this study, we evaluated 42 S. pennellii accessions for resistance to each fusarium wilt race. F1 plants, developed from crossing each accession with the Fol3 susceptible line ‘Suncoast’, were evaluated for Fol3 resistance, and BC1F1 plants were screened to determine the likelihood that Fol3 resistance was based on a novel locus (loci). Nearly all accessions showed resistance to Fol3, and many accessions were resistant to all races. Evaluation of F1 plants indicated a dominant resistance effect to Fol3 from most accessions. Genetic analysis indicated 24 accessions are expected to contain one or more novel Fol3 resistance loci other than an allele near the I-3 locus. To investigate genetic structure of the S. pennellii accessions used in this study, we genotyped all 42 accessions using genotyping by sequencing. Approximately 20% of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci were heterozygous across accessions, likely due to the outcrossing nature of the species. Genetic structure analysis at 49,120 unique SNP loci across accessions identified small but obvious genetic differentiations.
Artificial Shading Can Adversely Affect Heat-tolerant Lettuce Growth and Taste, with Concomitant Changes in Gene Expression
Authors: Alves Camila M.L. , Chang Hsueh-Yuan , Tong Cindy B.S. , Rohwer Charlie L. , Avalos Loren , Vickers Zata M.
Published: December 2021

Shading has been used to produce high-quality lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in locations where production conditions are not optimal for this cool-season crop. To learn what additional benefits shading provides if heat-tolerant cultivars are used and to understand the effects of shading on growth, sensory quality, chemical content, and transcriptome profile on heat-tolerant lettuce, we grew two romaine lettuce cultivars with and without shading using 50% black shadecloth in 2018 and 2019. Shading reduced plant leaf temperatures, lettuce head fresh weights, glucose and total sugars content, and sweetness, but not bitterness, whereas it increased lettuce chlorophyll b content compared with unshaded controls. Transcriptome analyses identified genes predominantly involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis, photosynthesis, and carbohydrate metabolism as upregulated in unshaded controls compared with shaded treatments. For the tested cultivars, which were bred to withstand high growing temperatures, it may be preferable to grow them under unshaded conditions to avoid increased infrastructure costs and obtain lettuce deemed sweeter than if shaded.
Clinical guidelines «Children with diabetes mellitus type 1, 2020”: what a pediatrician needs to know
Authors: Alimova I. L.
Published: December 2021

A group of experts, leading Russian specialists in the field of pediatric endocrinology prepared updated clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children. The article presents the main provisions of clinical guidelines for diagnosis and differential diagnosis, treatment, organization of medical care, specific and acute complications in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. These clinical recommendations and concerted actions in practical work will allow pediatricians and pediatric endocrinologists to improve the diagnosis, treatment and quality of medical care for children with type 1 diabetes.
Post-covid syndrome in children
Authors: Khaliullina S. V. , Anokhin V. A. , Sadykova D. I. , Makarova T. P. , Samoylova N. V. , Melnikova Yu. S. , Nazarova O. A. , Gumarova T. V. , Alatyrev E. Yu. , Vinnikov A. M. , Ziyatdinova L. M.
Published: December 2021

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with COVID-19 is a new disease, information first appeared in April 2020. There were reported cases of hospitalized children with unusual symptoms, manifested primarily by fever and multisystem inflammation from the pediatricians in the UK and other countries during the coronavirus infection pandemic (COVID-19). Some of these children were in critical condition with symptoms of shock and multiple organ failure, and some children had manifestations similar to Kawasaki disease. Despite the fact that COVID-19 in children is relatively easy, some of the «convalescents» after 2–6 weeks develop symptoms largely identical to the manifestations of severe forms of new coronavirus infection in adults. The report presents own clinical cases of multisystem inflammatory syndrome that developed in children after acute form of a new coronavirus infection. The authors discuss the possible clinical variants of the syndrome, its origin and outcomes.
Family form of dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Sadykova D. I. , Makarova T. P. , Sabirova D. R. , Firsova N. N. , Kucheryavaya A. A. , Shakurova N. V. , Khasanova A. R.
Published: December 2021

Cardiomyopathy (CMP) is classified into familial and non-familial, which reflects the need to study the genetic basis of the disease. The article describes a clinical case of a familial form of non-compact cardiomyopathy in combination with a dilated form of cardiomyopathy. The article provides data of echocardiographic and MRI studies. The diagnosis was confirmed by genetic research, there was revealed a mutation in the MYH7 gene p.IIe201Thr in a heterozygous state, which is associated with the development of non-compact cardiomyopathy and dilated form of cardiomyopathy.
Exudative otitis media in children: the role of prematurity and concomitant pathology in its formation. Part II
Authors: Savenko I. V. , Boboshko M. Yu.
Published: December 2021

Despite the long-term study of exudative otitis media, the disease is not well understood. The wide prevalence of exudative otitis media in children and the increase in the incidence during recent decades explain the interest of specialists in the etiology of the disease. The article presents current views on the role of premature birth, gastroesophageal reflux, systemic and local immunodeficiency, disorders in the antioxidant defense system, mucopolysaccharidosis, genetic predisposition, and other factors in otitis media development. Unfortunately, the cause of exudative otitis media cannot always be established, and it requires further experimental and clinical studies in order to develop effective approaches to etiopathogenetically justified, timely and successful treatment of the disease and its implementation in clinical medicine.
Long-term follow-up of a patient with syndromic diarrhea (tricho-hepato-enteral syndrome) with Crohn's-like syndrome
Authors: Kurmaeva E. A. , Volgina S. Ya. , Solovyeva N. A. , Kulakova G. A. , Bogolyubova V. V. , Irgeshova H. Zh.
Published: December 2021

Objective. To describe a long-term follow-up of a patient with a rare genetic disease – syndromic diarrhea, or trichohepatoenteric syndrome.

Results. From the first months of life, the child was diagnosed with incurable diarrhea syndrome, which led to the development of malabsorption syndrome, retardation of physical and psychomotor development. Long-term follow-up revealed the progression of malabsorption syndrome, metabolic and endocrine disorders against the background of increasing morphological changes in the intestine. Only a genetic study of the patient and his parents made it possible to formulate the final diagnosis: «Syndromic diarrhea (trichohepatoenteric syndrome, nucleotide variant g.31929071C> T homozygous in the SKIV2L gene) with crown-like syndrome».

Conclusion. The combination of incurable chronic diarrhea syndrome with facial dysmorphism, skin and hair abnormalities is important for this diagnosis.
Postural tremor in children with motor development disorders in their first twelve months of life
Authors: Samsonova T. V. , Nazarov S. B. , Chistyakova A. A. , Ryl'skaya Yu. A.
Published: December 2021

At the first year of a child’s life begins a gradual transition to verticalization through the sequential development of anti-gravity postures. During the maintain of these poses occurs the active muscle contraction and appears a postural tremor.

Purpose: To identify the features of postural tremor while holding the first antigravity postures in children with motor development disorders and to develop a new method for its diagnosing in children in the first six months of life. During the first year of life, the child gradually moves to verticalization through the sequential development of anti-gravity postures. To maintain these postures, the child actively contracts muscles, causing postural tremor.

Objective. To reveal the features of postural tremor while holding the first antigravity postures in children with motor development disorders and to develop a new diagnostic method in the first six months of life. Children characteristics and research methods. The authors examined 33 children with impaired motor development and 10 children without neurological pathology at the age of 3–5 months. All children underwent neurological examination and study of postural tremor according to our method.

Results. The authors established the features of postural tremor in children with impaired motor development at the age of 3-5 months compared with healthy children, manifested in amplitude increase. The authors presented their own for recording postural tremor in children of the first six months of life at the stage of mastering the first antigravity postures. There are presented the results of the analysis postural tremor in children of 3-5 months with impaired motor development in comparison with healthy children. The article presents a new method for diagnosing impaired motor development in children of the first six months of life using the results of postural tremor research. The high diagnostic value of the developed method is shown
Clinical and immunological features of the combined course of pertussis and rhinovirus infection in children
Authors: Popova O. P. , Blyakher M. S. , Fedorova I. M. , Koteleva S. I. , Kapustin I. V. , Dracheva N. A. , Vartanyan R. V. , Bunin S. V.
Published: December 2021

The association of pertussis with various respiratory infections in children is the leading factor determining the complicated course and unfavorable outcome of the disease.

Objective. To analyze clinical and immunological features of the combined course of pertussis and rhinovirus infection.

Children characteristics and research methods. The authors observed 20 patients: 10 (50%) children were under the age of 1 year, 5 (25%) children of 1–3 years old, 3 (15%) children of 4–6 years, 2 (10%) children of 7 -14 years old.

Results. The rhinovirus infection developed mainly at 1-2 weeks of illness in 18 (90%) children. Bronchitis developed in 11 (55%) children, pneumonia – in 4 (20%). Special attention was drawn to the low content of NK cells in 82.4% of patients when assessing the subpopulation composition of lymphocytes. The cytokine profile was characterized by a low level of interferon-gamma and interferon-alpha production – in 94.4 and 61.1% of patients, respectively.

Conclusion. The combination of pertussis and rhinovirus infection in children contributes to the uneven course of the disease, the frequent development of bronchopulmonary complications.
Modeling the quality of sewage during the leaking of stormwater surface runoff to the sanitary sewer system using SWMM: a case study
Authors: Mohammed Maryam Hassan , Zwain Haider M. , Hassan Waqed Hammed
Published: December 2021

This paper describes the application of the storm water management model (SWMM) for predicting the sewage quality in the sanitary sewer system of the study area resulting from the leaking of stormwater surface runoff to the system during rainfall events at different return periods. The concentrations of major pollutants were assessed in the sanitary sewer system at different rainfall intensities. Then, a solution to mitigate the problem was proposed using low impact development (LID) technology. The results of sensitivity analysis indicated that maximum build-up possible was the most sensitive parameter for model calibration. The model was calibrated using actual rainfall events, and statistical validation coefficients of R (0.81–0.82) and NMSE (0.0173–0.022) proved that the model is valid. The sewage quality assessment results showed that pollutants concentration increased to its maximum level at 20 min and gradually decreased to a slightly constant minimum value after 2 h. The proposed solution of LID reduced the pollutants concentrations by 82–88, 75–77, 52–55, and 7–10% for all pollutants at return periods of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years, respectively. To conclude, SWMM simulation successfully predicted the concentration of the pollutants, and leaking of stormwater surface runoff has changed the sewage quality.
Controlled drainage under two climate change scenarios in a flat high-latitude field
Authors: Salla Aleksi , Salo Heidi , Koivusalo Harri
Published: December 2021

This simulation study focused on the hydrological effects of climate change and controlled drainage operated with subsurface drains and an open collector ditch in an agricultural field. The objective was to understand the potential of controlled drainage and open ditch schemes for managing groundwater levels and field water balance in climate conditions projected to take place in Finland during the 21st century with representative concentration pathways 8.5 and 2.6. A methodological aim was to find ways to condense hourly hydrological results to understand future changes in field hydrology. During the historical reference interval (1970–2005), controlled drainage caused 17–36 cm higher mean groundwater levels and decreased the mean annual drain discharge by 11–23% compared to conventional subsurface drainage. Controlled drainage was projected to increase groundwater levels by additional 1–4 cm in the future compared to its effect on drainage during the reference interval. The effect on annual drain discharge did not change significantly. The open collector ditch lowered groundwater tables and diminished the effect of controlled drainage on groundwater levels in the vicinity of the ditch. Controlled drainage was shown to remain an effective method for countering early summer drought and reducing drain discharge.
Programmable logic controller-based automatic control for municipal wastewater treatment plant optimization
Authors: Ning Shunli , Hong Siyuan
Published: December 2021

The treatment of industrial wastewater can effectively protect the water environment and maintain sustainable development. This paper introduces an incremental proportion and integration (IPI) control algorithm-based programmable logic controller (PLC) used to adjust the aeration tank's dissolved oxygen content automatically in the wastewater treatment process. The control algorithm was improved by a back-propagation neural network (BP-NN). An instance analysis was carried out on a wastewater treatment plant in Zhejiang Province, China. This showed that the BP-NN improved control algorithm made the aeration tank's dissolved oxygen content more stable at the set value than it was with manual adjustment and the conventional algorithm. The total nitrogen content in wastewater treated in the aeration tank under the control of the improved IPI algorithm was minimized and fluctuated least. The aeration tank blower's power consumption was also at its lowest under the control of the improved IPI algorithm.
Predicting H2S emission from gravity sewer using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system
Authors: Salehi R. , Chaiprapat S.
Published: December 2021

A predictive model to estimate hydrogen sulfide (H2S) emission from sewers would offer engineers and asset managers the ability to evaluate the possible odor/corrosion problems during the design and operation of sewers to avoid in-sewer complications. This study aimed to model and forecast H2S emission from a gravity sewer, as a function of temperature and hydraulic conditions, without requiring prior knowledge of H2S emission mechanism. Two different adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) models using grid partitioning (GP) and subtractive clustering (SC) approaches were developed, validated, and tested. The ANFIS-GP model was constructed with two Gaussian membership functions for each input. For the development of the ANFIS-SC model, the MATLAB default values for clustering parameters were selected. Results clearly indicated that both the best ANFIS-GP and ANFIS-SC models produced smaller error compared with the multiple regression models and demonstrated a superior predictive performance on forecasting H2S emission with an excellent R2 value of >0.99. However, the ANFIS-GP model possessed fewer rules and parameters than the ANFIS-SC model. These findings validate the ANFIS-GP model as a potent tool for predicting H2S emission from gravity sewers.
Advances in treatment of coking wastewater – a state of art review
Authors: Tamang Markus , Paul Kakoli Karar
Published: December 2021

Coking wastewater poses a serious threat to the environment due to the presence of a wide spectrum of refractory substances such as phenolic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic nitrogenous compounds. These toxic substances are difficult to treat using conventional treatment methods alone. In recent years much attention has been given to the effective treatment of coking wastewater. Thus, this review seeks to provide a brief overview of recent developments that have taken place in the treatment of coking wastewater. In addition, this article addresses the complexity and the problems associated with treatment followed by a discussion on biological methods with special focus on bioaugmentation. As coking wastewater is refractory in nature, some of the studies have been related to improving the biodegradability of wastewater. The final section focuses on the integrated treatment methods that have emerged as the best solution for tackling the highly unmanageable coking wastewater. Attention has also been given to emerging microwave technology which has tremendous potential for treatment of coking wastewater.
Reflexões avaliativas sobre as ações em sala de aula do PIBID de língua inglesa
Authors: Assis Luis Alfredo , Silva Keiton da , Brito Monnyke
Published: December 2021

Este artigo é um relato que se propõe a avaliar e refletir sobre a intervenção de ensino dos bolsistas de Língua Inglesa nas três escolas envolvidas no projeto no Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID), de 2016 a 2017, sob a supervisão dos três respectivos supervisores de cada instituição. Pôde-se observar um maior interesse dos alunos da escola pública nas aulas de Língua Inglesa, através das várias atividades aplicadas de forma dinâmica, o que melhorou na sua participação em sala de aula. Portanto, vimos um impacto positivo das atividades semanais e uma maior facilidade em integrar a formação dos discentes bolsistas à experiência social da realidade das escolas públicas em Natal.
O O QUE TEM PARA O ALMOÇO?
Authors: Calazans Dinara Leslye Macedo , Pequeno Nila Patrícia Freire , Freitas Jessicley Ferreira de , Oliveira Vanessa Teixeira Lima de , Araújo Fábio Resende
Published: December 2021

A Promoção da Alimentação Adequada e Saudável (PAAS) é estratégia fundamental para enfrentamento de problemas relacionados à alimentação e nutrição, baseado no Direito humano à alimentação adequada (DHAA). Foi realizado, em 2017, o Projeto de Extensão Gestão de contratos de fornecimento de refeições: contribuições a efetividade da relação porção x medida caseira x per capita no planejamento de cardápios, com objetivo de promover interlocução do controle social com EAN nos RP no RN, através da produção de materiais educativos tanto voltado aos usuários, auxiliando na compreensão dos aspectos relacionados à alimentação  saudável, quanto na elaboração de guia ilustrativo direcionado aos manipuladores de alimentos. Para construção destes materiais, analisou-se porções e medidas caseiras servidas nos RP do RN, comparando-as com recomendações exigidas no termo de referência do edital de licitação do governo do estado. As ações do projeto culminaram em um Seminário Regional, versando sobre a relevância do Programa para promoção da saúde no Estado e o cenário de contribuição dos equipamentos públicos de SAN. Vislumbra-se, que os materiais educativos elaborados ajudem os RP a potencializar-se como importantes instrumentos nas ações de EAN, favorecendo o controle social e contribuindo para a PAAS e para a exigibilidade do DHAA.
Взаимосвязь значимых жизненных событий и переживаний в юношестве
Authors: Шилова Наталья П.
Published: December 2021

Введение. Целью представленного в данной статье исследования стало изучение взаимосвязи значимых для юношей и девушек жизненных событий с их переживаниями. Новизна исследования заключается в выявлении переживаний, характерных для юношей и девушек поколения Z в зависимости от того, какие события в их представлениях о собственной жизни являются наиболее значимыми. Впервые было показано, что существует взаимосвязь между тематикой значимых жизненных событий, выделяемых юношами и девушками, и особенностями их личностных переживаний. Методы. Для проведения исследования применялись проективные методики: «Прошлое, настоящее, будущее» (А. Л. Венгер, Ю. М. Десятникова) и авторская проективная методика «Взросление». Выборку исследования составили 1394 юношей и девушек в возрасте от 14 до 23 лет. Результаты. Исследование показало, что 85 % респондентов интересуют жизненные ситуации, в которых демонстрируются классические представления о взрослении, при этом особое внимание юноши и девушки уделяют творчеству, достижению успехов, относительности взрослости и краткосрочности жизни. Тема относительности взрослости напрямую связана с осознанием юношеских переживаний о поиске смысла жизни, ее успешности и неуспешности. Было показано, что представители поколения Z выделяют значимые для своей жизни события в среднем во временном промежутке 15 лет, при этом большую их часть они связывают с профессиональной деятельностью и учебой, что отражает ожидания современного общества, в котором профессиональные достижения являются незаменимым инструментом для социальной адаптации. Обсуждение результатов. Многоэтапный анализ выявил четкую взаимосвязь между юношескими переживаниями успешности и/или неуспешности и жизненными событиями, связанными с учебой и профессиональной деятельностью респондентов. Заключение. В целом данные проведенного исследования демонстрируют необходимость развития в образовательных программах для представителей юношества ситуаций, позволяющих переживать успех/неуспех.
Regulation of Tumor Immune Microenvironment by Sphingolipids and
Lysophosphatidic Acid
Authors: Vishwakarma Supriya , Arya Neha , Kumar Ashok
Published: December 2021

:

The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of cancer cells that interact with stromal
components such as the extracellular matrix, blood, and lymphatic networks, fibroblasts, adipocytes,
and the cells of the immune system. Further, the tumor immune microenvironment, majorly
represented by the tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIIC), plays an important role in cancer therapeutics
and patient prognosis. In fact, a high density of TIICs within the tumor microenvironment
is known to be associated with better outcomes in several types of cancers. Towards this, two bioactive
lipid molecules, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), regulate the
homing of immune cells to the TME. In the present review, we will uncover the role of LPA and
S1P signaling in the tumor immune environment, highlighting the latest progress in this field.
Type 2 Diabetes in Women: Differences and Difficulties
Authors: Kesavadev Jothydev , Abraham Georgi , Chandni R. , Chawla Purvi , Nambiar Anita , Deshpande Neeta , Joshi Shilpa , Jothydev Sunitha , Krishnan Gopika , Das Ashok Kumar
Published: December 2021

Background:

Lifestyle modification, along with medication, has improved the quality
of life of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the treatment of diabetes in women still lacks a
gender-centric approach.

Methods:

Expert opinions to improve diabetes management in women were collated from the open
discussion forum organized by the sixth Jothydev’s Professional Education Forum Diabetes Convention,
which included global diabetes care experts and the general public. The review is also
based on the studies published in electronic databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar that discussed
the problems and challenges faced by the Indian diabetes care sector in treating women
with diabetes.

Results:

The complex interplay of biological, socioeconomic, psychosocial, and physiological factors
in women with type 2 diabetes has not been well addressed to date. Biological factors such as
neurohumoral pathways, sex hormones, genetic predisposition as well as gender-based environmental
and behavioural differences must be considered for modern personalized diabetes treatment.
Most importantly, pregnant women with diabetes deserve special attention. This vulnerable phase
has a marked impact on the future health of both the mother and the offspring.

Conclusion:

The review provides an overview of the challenges and issues that exist in the clinical
management of diabetes and its complications among women in India. Women-centric clinical approaches
should be encouraged for the effective management of diabetes in Indian women.
Ameliorative Effect of Acetyl L-carnitine in Alzheimer's Disease via Downregulating
of Homocysteine Levels in Hyperhomocysteinemia Induced Cognitive
Deficit in Mouse Model
Authors: Verma Nisha , Gupta Jeetendra Kumar , Varshney Krishna Kumar , Srivastava Rajnish
Published: December 2021

Aim:

The study was aimed at exploring the role of Acetyl L-Carnitine supplementation
attenuating dementia and degradation of cognitive abilities in Hyperhomocysteinemia induced AD
manifestations in the mouse model.

Background:

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurological disorder that is marked by dementia, and
degradation of cognitive abilities. There is great popularity gained by natural supplements as the
treatment for AD, due to the higher toxicities of synthetic drugs. Hyperhomocysteinemia causes
excitotoxicity to the cortical neurons, which brought us to the point that amino acids possibly have
a role in causing cholinergic deformities, which are an important etiological parameter in AD.
Acetyl L-Carnitine a methyl donor with the presence of three chemically reactive methyl groups
linked to a nitrogen atom was found to possess neuroprotective activity against experimental models
of AD.

Objective:

The objective of the present investigation was to investigate and evaluate the pharmacological
effect of Acetyl L-Carnitine against hyperhomocysteinemia induced Alzheimer’s disease
(AD) in the mouse model.

Material and Method:

The animals were divided into normal control (vehicle-treated), HHcy
(dl-Homocysteine thiolactone treated) negative control, test group i.e., low dose (50mg/kg, p.o) of
acetyl L-carnitine (L-ALC), high dose (100mg/kg,p.o) of acetyl L-carnitine (H-ALC), L-ALC+
SOV (Sodium orthovanadate) and H-ALC+SOV. HHcy was induced by administration of dl-Homocysteine
thiolactone (dl-HCT; 1 g/kg, p.o.) on day-1 to day-15 of experimental schedule to all
animals except normal control. The changes in the behaviour pattern of the animals due to neuroinflammation,
and cholinergic dysfunction were examined in rotarod, novel objective recognition,
passive avoidance, elevated plus maze, and morris water maze analysis. Biochemical investigation
includes the estimation of total homocysteine (tHcy), Creatinine Kinase (CK), Acetylcholinesterase
(AChE), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH) and IL-6
and TNF-α.

Result:

Supplementation of ALC in mouse considerably lowered the HHcy-induced AD manifestations
in the experimental animals. It was found that ALC and SOV successfully diminished the
behaviour abnormalities and lessened the Hcy-induced alteration in systemic Hcy levels, CK activity,
and cholinergic dysfunction with improved bioenergetics in the Prefrontal cortex of the mice.

Conclusion:

ALC was found to improve the HHcy-induced cognitive disabilities which was found
to be associated with the decreased systemic levels of Hcy, CK, and cholinergic abnormalities. It also
combats the oxidative stress-induced neuroinflammation with diminished pro-inflammatory
markers in the pre frontal cortex. The outcomes collectively indicate ALC's potential to be used as
a supplementation in the pharmacotherapy of AD.
Identifying Insomnia From Social Media Posts: Psycholinguistic Analyses of User Tweets (Preprint)
Authors: Sakib Ahmed Shahriar , Mukta Md Saddam Hossain , Huda Fariha Rowshan , Islam A K M Najmul , Islam Tohedul , Ali Mohammed Eunus
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Many people suffer from insomnia, a sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling and staying asleep during the night. As social media have become a ubiquitous platform to share users’ thoughts, opinions, activities, and preferences with their friends and acquaintances, the shared content across these platforms can be used to diagnose different health problems, including insomnia. Only a few recent studies have examined the prediction of insomnia from Twitter data, and we found research gaps in predicting insomnia from word usage patterns and correlations between users’ insomnia and their Big 5 personality traits as derived from social media interactions.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study is to build an insomnia prediction model from users’ psycholinguistic patterns, including the elements of word usage, semantics, and their Big 5 personality traits as derived from tweets.

METHODS

In this paper, we exploited both psycholinguistic and personality traits derived from tweets to identify insomnia patients. First, we built psycholinguistic profiles of the users from their word choices and the semantic relationships between the words of their tweets. We then determined the relationship between a users’ personality traits and insomnia. Finally, we built a double-weighted ensemble classification model to predict insomnia from both psycholinguistic and personality traits as derived from user tweets.

RESULTS

Our classification model showed strong prediction potential (78.8%) to predict insomnia from tweets. As insomniacs are generally ill-tempered and feel more stress and mental exhaustion, we observed significant correlations of certain word usage patterns among them. They tend to use negative words (eg, “no,” “not,” “never”). Some people frequently use swear words (eg, “damn,” “piss,” “fuck”) with strong temperament. They also use anxious (eg, “worried,” “fearful,” “nervous”) and sad (eg, “crying,” “grief,” “sad”) words in their tweets. We also found that the users with high neuroticism and conscientiousness scores for the Big 5 personality traits likely have strong correlations with insomnia. Additionally, we observed that users with high conscientiousness scores have strong correlations with insomnia patterns, while negative correlation between extraversion and insomnia was also found.

CONCLUSIONS

Our model can help predict insomnia from users’ social media interactions. Thus, incorporating our model into a software system can help family members detect insomnia problems in individuals before they become worse. The software system can also help doctors to diagnose possible insomnia in patients.
Mobile Intervention to Improve Sleep and Functional Health of Veterans With Insomnia: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Reilly Erin Dawna , Robinson Stephanie A , Petrakis Beth Ann , Gardner Melissa M , Wiener Renda Soylemez , Castaneda-Sceppa Carmen , Quigley Karen S
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Insomnia is a prevalent and debilitating disorder among veterans. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTI) can be effective for treating insomnia, although many cannot access this care. Technology-based solutions and lifestyle changes, such as physical activity (PA), offer affordable and accessible self-management alternatives to in-person CBTI.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to extend and replicate prior pilot work to examine whether the use of a mobile app for CBTI (cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia coach app [CBT-i Coach]) improves subjective and objective sleep outcomes. This study also aims to investigate whether the use of the CBT-i Coach app with adjunctive PA improves sleep outcomes more than CBT-i Coach alone.

METHODS

A total of 33 veterans (mean age 37.61 years, SD 9.35 years) reporting chronic insomnia were randomized to use either the CBT-i Coach app alone or the CBT-i Coach app with a PA intervention over 6 weeks, with outcome measures of objective and subjective sleep at pre- and posttreatment.

RESULTS

Although the PA manipulation was unsuccessful, both groups of veterans using the CBT-i Coach app showed significant improvement from baseline to postintervention on insomnia (P<.001), sleep quality (P<.001), and functional sleep outcomes (P=.002). Improvements in subjective sleep outcomes were similar in those with and without posttraumatic stress disorder and mild-to-moderate sleep apnea. We also observed a significant but modest increase in objective sleep efficiency (P=.02).

CONCLUSIONS

These findings suggest that the use of a mobile app–delivered CBTI is feasible and beneficial for improving sleep outcomes in veterans with insomnia, including those with comorbid conditions such as posttraumatic stress disorder or mild-to-moderate sleep apnea.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03305354; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03305354
Assessing the Different Levels of Virtual Reality That Influence Anxiety, Behavior, and Oral Health Status in Preschool Children: Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Aminabadi Naser Asl , Golsanamlou Ozra , Halimi Zohreh , Jamali Zahra
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Compared with a traditional behavior management strategy and oral health training, virtual reality (VR) integrated with multisensory feedback possesses potential advantages in dentistry.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to assess the impact of different levels of VR on anxiety, behavior, and oral health status.

METHODS

This study was carried out in the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at the Tabriz University of Medical Sciences from December 2020 to June 2021. We randomly assigned 60 healthy children aged 4 years to 6 years to 4 groups, each consisting of 15 children. The study consisted of 2 consecutive sessions. During the first visit, the plaque index was calculated, and oral health education was carried out in all groups using Immersive VR (group I), Semi-immersive VR (group II), Nonimmersive VR (group III), and tell-show-do (TSD; group IV). In the second session, an amalgam restoration was performed in all groups. Participants’ anxiety and behavior were recorded using the face version of the Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale (MCDAS[f]) and Frankl scale. The plaque index was recorded in 2 follow-up sessions.

RESULTS

The greatest prevalence of positive behavior (P=.004) and the lowest anxiety (P<.001) were recorded in group I, followed by group II, group III, and group IV. The plaque index scores showed a reduced trend between the first session and follow-up sessions (P<.001), but the values did not differ significantly between the 4 groups during the 3 sessions (P=.28, P=.54, P=.18).

CONCLUSIONS

The most positive behavior was observed in the Immersive VR group, followed by the Semi-immersive VR, Nonimmersive VR, and TSD groups. Moreover, oral health education using VR resources can improve oral health status in children.

CLINICALTRIAL

Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials 20210103049926N1; https://www.irct.ir/trial/53475
Online peer support for people with Parkinson’s Disease: a narrative synthesis systematic review (Preprint)
Authors: Gerritzen Esther Vera , Lee Abigail Rebecca , McDermott Orii , Coulson Neil , Orrell Martin
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) significantly impacts the lives of people with the diagnosis and their families. Besides the physical symptoms, living with PD also has an emotional impact. This can result in withdrawal from social roles, increasing the risk for social isolation and loneliness. Peer support is a way to stay socially connected, share experiences, and learn new coping skills. Peer support can be provided in-person, but also online. Advantages of online peer support include that it overcomes geographical barriers, provides a form of anonymity, and support can be readily available when needed. However, the psychosocial impact of PD is still under researched and there is no systematic synthesis of online peer support for people with PD yet.

OBJECTIVE

(1) explore the benefits and challenges of online peer support for people with PD, and (2) identify successful elements of online peer support for people with PD.

METHODS

The method selected for this systematic review is a narrative synthesis. Six databases were systematically searched in April 2020 for articles published between 1989 and 2020. The quality of the included studies was assessed with the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme qualitative research checklist and the Downs and Black checklist.

RESULTS

10,987 unique articles were identified through the systematic database search. Of those, 8 were included in this review. Five studies were of good/high quality, two were of medium/fair quality, and one study was of poor quality. Online platforms included discussion forums, an online virtual world, and Facebook groups. Besides one, all papers reported on text-based communication between users. Included studies reported on sharing social support and personal experiences. Successful elements included increasing similarity between members and offering the opportunity to directly ask questions to a physician. Challenges included members leaving without a warning and PD symptoms hindering use of technology.

CONCLUSIONS

Peer support can improve social support and help people with PD in living meaningful and satisfying lives. Peer support is unique and cannot be replaced by family members, friends, or healthcare professionals. Online peer support can be a solution for those who do not have access to an in-person support group, or who’s PD symptoms restrict them to travel. However, research on the personal experiences of those who engage in online peer support and potential barriers in accessing it remains limited. Future research could use qualitative methods to explore these fields further.

CLINICALTRIAL
Physician Rating Websites in the United States: A systematic review (Preprint)
Authors: Bhilwar Meenakshi , Boren Suzanne A , Bhatia Kunal
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Physician rating websites are gaining popularity, however, data on their usability and influence on healthcare quality is limited.

OBJECTIVE

to provide an overview of physician rating websites in the US and find answers for the following questions:
1. What are the most commonly studied/rated physician rating websites in the US?
2. Which specialty of physicians/providers are most commonly studied/rated?
3. How many physicians were rated on the studied PRWs?
4. What is the average number of ratings on these websites and are they positive or negative?
5. How does the profile of providers influence their rating?
6. How are PRWs associated with healthcare quality?
7. How PRWs are associated with patient-physician relationship?

METHODS

A systematic literature search was conducted through Medline for peer-reviewed articles in the English language on studies conducted in the US.

RESULTS

33 articles published in peer-reviewed journals were included in the final review. Most of the studies were conducted on surgeons. A significant number of studies observed no correlation of online ratings with gender, geographic location, and years of experience. Additionally, no significant correlation was found between PRWs and healthcare quality.

CONCLUSIONS

It has been observed that with the current structure of these websites, the reliability of information available on them is rather questionable, and hence more research is required to assess the credibility of these websites along with their cost-effectiveness, effect on the patient-physician relationship, and quality of healthcare delivery.
RS-ADR: A Reference Standard for Adverse Drug Reaction Signal Assessment by Integrating Real-World Evidence and Controlled Vocabularies (Preprint)
Authors: Lee Suehyun , Lee Jeong Hoon , Kim Grace Juyun , Kim Jong-Yeup , Shin Hyunah , Ko Inseok , Choe Seon , Kim Juhan
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Pharmacovigilance using real-world data (RWD), such as multicenter electronic health records (EHRs), yields massively parallel adverse drug reaction (ADR) signals. However, proper validation of computationally detected ADR signals is not possible due to the lack of a reference standard for positive and negative associations.

OBJECTIVE

To develop a reference standard for ADR (RS-ADR) to streamline the systematic detection, assessment, and understanding of almost all drug-ADR associations suggested by RWD analyses.

METHODS

We integrated well-known reference sets for drug-ADR pairs, including Side Effect Resource (SIDER), Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership, and EU-ADR. We created a pharmacovigilance dictionary using controlled vocabularies and systematically annotated EHR data. Drug-ADR associations computed from MetaLAB and MetaNurse analyses of multicenter EHRs and extracted from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) were integrated as ‘empirically determined’ positive and negative reference sets by means of cross-validation between institutions.

RESULTS

The RS-ADR consisted of 1,344 drugs, 4,485 ADRs, and 6,027,840 drug-ADR pairs with positive and negative consensus votes as pharmacovigilance reference sets. After curation of the initial version of RS-ADR, novel ADR signals such as ‘famotidine’-‘hepatic function abnormal’ were detected and reasonably validated by RS-ADR. While the validation of the entire reference standard is challenging, especially with this initial version, the reference standard will improve as more RWD participate in the consensus voting with advanced pharmacovigilance dictionaries and analytic algorithms. One can check if a drug-ADR pair has been reported by our web-based search interface for RS-ADRs available at https://bioemr2.snubi.org:19108/.

CONCLUSIONS

RS-ADRs enriched with the pharmacovigilance dictionary, ADR knowledge, and real-world evidence from EHRs may streamline the systematic detection, evaluation, and causality assessment of computationally detected ADR signals.