bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE WANING INFLUENCE OF THE PANDEMIC ON DECISION MAKING
Authors: Jarrett Jeffrey E.
Published: June 2022

The notion that the present value of cash flows is often improperly estimated in financial models concerning capital improvements and abandonments is a fundamental problem in decision analysis in management and associated decisions and affects the estimation of and valuation of intellectual property. Previous studies indicate the usefulness of estimation theory in financial accounting. During the Covid Pandemic of the past few years, decisions by governmental and health authorities in the United States and the World were often dictated during the Pandemic by short-term political influences which included disinformation by some who wished to take advantage of the misuse of the health Pandemic for political gain and/or financial power and short-term financial gain. Previously this was shown to be true as the media with the aid of self promotional activities by many who were attempting this kind of gain. Furthermore, the Pandemic in the United States and other nations is receding in dramatic ways and many restrictions of the Endemic era are no longer in use. This was the result of Mask restrictions and increasing but not universal vaccine programs in many states and nations.
CARGO THROUGHPUT AND NIGERIA MARITIME GDP IN THE PRE-CONCESSION AND POST-CONCESSION ERA
Authors: OYEDUNTAN Kehinde Peter
Published: June 2022

This study evaluated the impact of the cargo throughput on the Maritime GDP in Nigeria between 1996 to 2016 using a simple regression analysis. The result indicated that the Maritime GDP depends on the volume of inward and outward cargo in the ports by 68%. The statistical relationship identified was given by: MTGDP=264+0.000073CT+ε. Also, the performance of the Nigerian ports in terms of the cargo throughput and the maritime transport Gross Domestic Product during and after the concession was analyzed and result showed that, the Nigerian ports had a better average annual growth rate of the cargo throughput during the pre-concession era but better maritime GDP average annual growth rate in the port-concession era. Under the period in review, the AAGR for cargo throughput in pre-concession and post-concession were, 13% and 5% respectively. While the AAGR for the maritime GDP before and after the concession was 6% and 10% separately
Cranial morphology of the orectolobiform shark, Chiloscyllium punctatum Müller & Henle, 1838
Authors: Staggl Manuel Andreas , Abed-Navandi Daniel , Kriwet Jürgen
Published: June 2022

Elasmobranchs, comprising sharks, skates, and rays, have a long evolutionary history extending back into the Palaeozoic. They are characterized by various unique traits including a predominantly cartilaginous skeleton, superficial prismatic phosphatic layer, and permanent tooth replacement. Moreover, they exhibit a more or less marked sexual dimorphism. Especially the morphology of the chondrocranium and the elements of the whole cranial region of extant and extinct chondrichthyans can provide valuable information about corresponding functions, e.g. the feeding apparatus might reflect the diet of the animals. However, studies on sexual dimorphisms are lacking in orectolobiform sharks, therefore, little is known about possible sexual dimorphic characters in the cranial region in this group. For this reason, we present in this study a comprehensive morphological description of the cranial region of the brownbanded bamboo shark Chiloscyllium punctatum Müller & Henle, 1838, with a special focus on its sexual dimorphic characters. Our results reveal clear morphological differences in both sexes of the examined C. punctatum specimens, particularly in the chondrocranium and the mandibular arch. The female specimen shows a comparatively more robust and compact morphology of the chondrocranium. This pattern is also evident in the mandibular arch, especially in the palatoquadrate. The present study is the first to describe the morphology of an orectolobiform shark species in detail using both manual dissection and micro-CT data. The resulting data furthermore provide a starting point for pending studies and are intended to be a first step in a series of comparative studies on the morphology of the cranial region of orectolobiform sharks, including the determination of possible sexual dimorphic characteristics.
Impact of an Evidence-Based Pediatric Palliative Care Program on Nurses' Self-Efficacy
Authors: Hamre Taryn J. , O'Shea Eileen R. , Hinderer Katherine A. , Mosha Maua H. , Wentland Beth A.
Published: June 2022

Background

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a 1-day evidence-based pediatric palliative care continuing professional development program on nurses' and advanced practice registered nurses' perceived self-efficacy regarding palliative care.

Method

The revised Pediatric Palliative Care Questionnaire was administered to participants before and after a 7½-hour program. A multimodal approach was used to teach topics specific to pediatric palliative care.

Results

Thirty-one participants completed questionnaires. Notably, most of the participants had provided palliative or end-of-life care, but few had previous education specific to pediatrics. The self-efficacy scores of the participants significantly increased after program attendance (
Z
= 3.53,
p
< .001).

Conclusion

Continuing professional development in pediatric palliative care improves nurses' and advanced practice registered nurses' confidence in their skills to provide this care. Findings of this study support the need for pediatric-specific education in nursing training programs and continuing professional development offerings. Continuing education may be the key to improving access to high-quality care for children living with serious illness and their families.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2022;53(6):264–272.]
Asymptotic behavior of spreading fronts in an anisotropic multi-stable equation on $ \mathit{\boldsymbol{\mathbb{R}^N}} $
Authors: Matsuzawa Hiroshi , Nara Mitsunori
Published: June 2022

We consider the Cauchy problem for an anisotropic reaction diffusion equation with a multi-stable nonlinearity on \begin{document}$ \mathbb{R}^N $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ N\ge 2 $\end{document} and investigate the large time behavior of the solution. This problem with a bistable nonlinearity has been investigated by Matano, Mori and Nara [Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Anal. Non Linéaire 36 (2019), pp. 585-626]. They showed that under the suitable condition on the initial function the solution develops a spreading front whose position is closely approximated by the expanding Wulff shape for all large times. In this paper we will extend their results to the problem with a multi-stable type nonlinearity, that is, the case where the nonlinearity can be decomposed to \begin{document}$ K $\end{document} number of bistable nonlinearities and show that under certain conditions on the nonlinearity and the initial function the solution develops \begin{document}$ K $\end{document} number of spreading fronts whose positions are closely approximated by the expanding Wulff shapes with different expanding speeds. In other words, for any direction the solution on the ray of the direction looks like stacked traveling waves, that is, on the ray the solution approaches the so called propagating terrace. The key step for extension to multi-stable case is to construct \begin{document}$ K $\end{document} number of upper solutions and lower solutions all at once.
Topological characterizations of Morse-Smale flows on surfaces and generic non-Morse-Smale flows
Authors: Kibkalo Vladislav , Yokoyama Tomoo
Published: June 2022

It is known that \begin{document}$ C^r $\end{document} Morse-Smale vector fields form an open dense subset in the space of vector fields on orientable closed surfaces and are structurally stable for any \begin{document}$ r \in \mathbb{Z}_{\geq 1} $\end{document}. In particular, \begin{document}$ C^r $\end{document} Morse vector fields (i.e. Morse-Smale vector fields without limit cycles) form an open dense subset in the space of \begin{document}$ C^r $\end{document} gradient vector fields on orientable closed surfaces and are structurally stable. Therefore generic time evaluations of gradient flows on orientable closed surfaces (e.g. solutions of differential equations) are described by alternating sequences of Morse flows and instantaneous non-Morse gradient flows. To illustrate the generic transitions (e.g. bifurcations of singular points, transitions via heteroclinic separatrices), we characterize and list all generic non-Morse gradient flows. To construct such characterizations, we characterize isolated singular points of gradient flows on surfaces. In fact, such a singular point is a non-trivial finitely sectored singular point without elliptic sectors. Moreover, considering Morse-Smale flows as "generic gradient flows with limit cycles", we characterize and list all generic non-Morse-Smale flows.
$ G $-expectation approach to stochastic ordering
Authors: Ly Sel , Privault Nicolas
Published: June 2022

This paper studies stochastic ordering under nonlinear expectations \begin{document}$ {\mathcal E}_{\mathcal{G}} $\end{document} generated by solutions of \begin{document}$ G $\end{document}-Backward Stochastic Differential Equations (\begin{document}$ G $\end{document}-BSDEs) defined on \begin{document}$ G $\end{document}-expectation spaces. We derive sufficient conditions for the convex, increasing convex, and monotonic \begin{document}$ G $\end{document}-stochastic orderings of \begin{document}$ G $\end{document}-diffusion processes at terminal time. Our approach relies on comparison properties for \begin{document}$ G $\end{document}-Forward-Backward Stochastic Differential Equations (\begin{document}$ G $\end{document}-FBSDEs) and on relevant extensions of convexity, monotonicity and continuous dependence properties for the solutions of associated Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equations. Applications of \begin{document}$ G $\end{document}-stochastic ordering to contingent claim superhedging price comparison under ambiguous coefficients are provided.
Hybrid agarose gel for bone substitutes
Authors: Tilkin Rémi G. , Monteiro Ana P. F. , Mahy Julien G. , Hurlet Jérome , Régibeau Nicolas , Grandfils Christian , Lambert Stéphanie D.
Published: June 2022

Over the last decades, different materials have been investigated to overcome some flaws of bone substitutes. Even though various materials have been proposed for this conception, the in vivo assessments have still highlighted a lack of bioactivity and integration. In this context, this work focuses on the development of hybrid gel with surface properties specifically designed to promote bone regeneration by a sustained local delivery of active agents. We propose a new approach using modified-silica with high specific surface area and superior hydrophilicity dispersed in agarose hydrogel. In this optic, silica particles were dispersed in agarose solutions before the gelation of the composite upon cooling. The dispersion of the silica particles in the agarose gel was determined via scanning electronic microscopy. The degradation of the silica/agarose gels was also studied over a period of 12 weeks. Finally, the influence of the addition of silica on the permeability of the agarose gel was assessed via a diffusion test. The results showed that modified-silica particles exhibit a wide size distribution (500 nm and 10 µm) and can form clusters with higher size after their dispersion in agarose (up to 100 µm). The hybrid gel was stable over 12 weeks in aqueous solution. Moreover, no difference in permeability was noted between the hybrid gel and agarose hydrogel, allowing molecules up to 3 nm in diameter to diffuse freely within 1 mm thick agarose gels in less than 24 h. The present results indicate that hybrid agarose gel could represent an attractive matrix to disperse silica for scaffold applications.
Assessment of behavioural problems in preschool and school going children with epilepsy
Authors: Shanmuganathan Harshitha , Kumar Radha , Lal D.V. , Gulab Chaudhary Devanand , Gayathri E. , Raja Kesavaraj Pallavi
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Children with epilepsy are at greater risk of developing psychiatric and behavioural disorders such as attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as well as affective and aggressive disorders than normal children which may affect the well- being and quality of life of the child.

Aim and Objectives

This study aims at identifying behavioural problems in children with epilepsy enabling early diagnosis and intervention. The objectives were to assess the presence and type of behavioural problems in children with epilepsy.

Methods

A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on children who were diagnosed as epilepsy in two age groups of 1.5–5 years and 6–18 years recruited by non-probability convenience sampling. Data regarding seizure semiology, clinical features and treatment were obtained. Children underwent IQ assessment, electroencephalogram and brain neuroimaging. Child Behaviour Check List (CBCL) was administered to parents or primary caregivers after obtaining informed consent. Results were analyzed for presence of behavioural problems using SPSS-23.

Results

In the study, out of 50 study subjects, 72% were between 6–18 years. 60% children had generalised seizures, 58% children had epilepsy for <2 years and abnormal EEG was present in 80% children. 6% children had behavioural problems and 4% had borderline presentations. Co-relation of behavioural problems with age was statistically significant with p value 0.027. Behavioural problems identified were aggressiveness and anxiety.

Conclusion

Childhood epilepsy is associated with behavioural problems along with other co-morbidities warranting a search during follow-up visits.

Take-home message

Early identification and treatment of behavioural problems in children with epilepsy by periodic assessment during follow up visits, careful selection of combination of drugs and appropriate dose can improve the overall outcome in children taking antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) for epilepsy.
Artificial Intelligence Aiding Medical Diagnosis Focusing on Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Juneja Sakshi , Bali Alka , Bali Nishu
Published: June 2022

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a set of technologies that allows robots to detect, understand, act, and learn at human-like levels. The vast bulk of the AI that surrounds us now is powered by ineffective AI. This sort of AI is demonstrated by IBM Watson, self-driving cars, and Apple's Siri. Machine learning includes deep learning as a subset which is commonly utilised in predictive modelling. It functions in the same manner that neurons do in our brains. Its structure and networking are also influenced by neural networks found in our brains. Since the 1950s, artificial intelligence (AI) has been applied in medicine. The use of artificial intelligence in ophthalmology is mostly focused on high-incidence illnesses such as diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and cataract. The chapter reviews research demonstrating AI enhancing medical diagnosis with a focus on diabetic retinopathy.
Fully Automatic Epiretinal Membrane Segmentation in OCT Scans Using Convolutional Networks
Authors: Gende Mateo , de Moura Joaquim , Novo Jorge , Ortega Marcos
Published: June 2022

The epiretinal membrane (ERM) is an ocular pathology that can cause visual distortions. To prevent a loss of vision, symptomatic ERM needs to be removed before it can cause irreversible damage. In order to do this, the ERM needs to be located early, so that it can be peeled from the retina. This chapter explores an automatic methodology for ERM segmentation, as well as its intuitive visualization in the form of colour maps. To do this, visual features that are compatible with ERM presence are extracted from ophthalmologic images by using computer vision algorithms and deep learning models. This methodology achieved satisfactory results, reaching a dice coefficient of 0.826 and a Jaccard index of 0.714, contributing to highlight the applicability of deep learning models for the detection of pathological signs in medical images.
Strides Towards an Eco-Friendly and Regenerative City Future
Authors: Fayed Lina , Amin Ahmed F.
Published: June 2022

Urbanisation affects the environment and ecosystems in many ways. For example, cities are continuous, resulting in their footprint being extended. Rapid urbanisation is driving cities to become significantly warmer than the surrounding countryside as a result of this rapid urbanisation and the unsustainable attitude of their citizens toward the city. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were adopted by countries worldwide a few years ago. This will enable challenges. In light of this, cities need to adopt sustainable urbanization, allowing citizens to participate in participatory, integrated, sustainable city planning and city management to enhance the quality of life. By implementing the SDGs, cities can help reverse the damage done to their ecosystems. As part of its 2052 National Vision, Egypt has also implemented the SDGs and achieved targeted improvements for its citizens. This chapter concludes with comprehensive initiatives in the context of implementing the SDGs.
Blue-Green Infrastructure for Heat Exposure Mitigation
Authors: Faragallah Riham Nady
Published: June 2022

Global and regional warming phenomena drive the effect of climate change on cities. Research on urban heat adaptation strategies has been growing, with many studies concentrating on blue and green infrastructure (BGI) as an alternative to grey infrastructure and to minimise the adverse effects of urban heat islands. Building upon investigating the case of Germany, this chapter presents mitigation strategies for Alexandria, Egypt that can reduce the temperature at the urban design level and identify urban heat island effects through BGI and their performance, as well as their importance in achieving sustainable urban development and low-temperature cities. The lessons learned show that BGI is a new approach to city planning that can minimise the impact of human development on functioning natural systems, the quality of life, and the economic consequences. A set of BGI guidelines for Alexandria on how to keep cities cool and improve the city's environment were agreed upon.
Mapping Heat Exposure of Pedestrian Density Around Metro Stations Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Wael Shereen , Elshater Abeer , Afifi Samy M. Z.
Published: June 2022

Global research extensively discusses artificial intelligence (AI) and thermal comfort in urban studies. The current research design uses Goodvision Video Insights as an application of AI to analyse users' preferences for movement within three exits/entrances of the metro stations in Ramses Square, Cairo, Egypt. This study uses AI technology to track pedestrian movement based on heat exposure in metro station contexts. The primary findings identified the relationship between user experiences and urban composition. These results also revealed that the urban morphology of the metro station context impresses users' thermal comfort and movement preferences enough to track their needs through commutes. This study could not address all the aspects that influence users' experiences in the case study. Future studies provide light on the impact of varying temperature conditions on comfort levels and, as a result, human behaviour in station areas.
Becoming a School-Based Agriculture Teacher
Authors: Miller Greg
Published: June 2022

This chapter focuses on the phenomenal opportunity that is becoming and being an agriculture teacher. This chapter examines what it means to be a profession and evaluates agricultural education using seven criteria. This chapter also explains what it means to be a professionally prepared teacher. The traditional approach to teacher education is described, alternative pathways to certification are acknowledged, and the advantages and challenges posed by each approach are considered. The most important roles of a school-based agricultural education teacher are examined within the three-component model of agricultural education. The chapter also examines the characteristics of a good agriculture teacher, while emphasizing that it is important for agricultural education to be committed to becoming a diverse, equitable, and inclusive profession. Finally, the chapter summarizes key principles from codes of ethics and the Ag Teacher's Creed. These principles can guide teachers in making good behavioral choices.
Utilizing What We Know About How People Learn
Authors: Falk Jeremy M.
Published: June 2022

Teaching and learning are skills that can be improved that begin at birth. Formal education in schools has employed strategies for teachers to help students acquire new information, process that information, and transfer it to new situations. The prior experiences of students help to provide a foundation for all future learning. Problem-solving and inquiry-based instruction can be strategies to help students engage in their learning. The principles of teaching and learning are outlined in this chapter that guide teachers in their understanding of how students best learn. Helping all students succeed is critical, and teachers can engage with the community to provide resources to students, including formal programming and individualized education plans.
Designing the Curriculum and Developing a Course
Authors: DiBenedetto Catherine A.
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this chapter is to describe various types of school-based agricultural education (SBAE) programs and explain the process to develop a comprehensive agriscience course in a career pathway of a SBAE program. Current issues and challenges associated with curricular decision making are posed and curriculum is clearly defined. Strategies to develop a school instructional program plan, facility use calendar, and a curriculum map are presented as steps to build the scope and sequence and align content with the course objectives. The principles of the understanding by design curricular model are demonstrated in three stages (identify the desired results, determine acceptable evidence, plan learning experiences and instruction). The chapter concludes by identifying the components of a quality course syllabus to arrange relevant information to design a document that can be utilized to describe the course, communicate expectations, and outline guidelines for learner success.
Planning for Teaching
Authors: Epps Rebekah Barnes
Published: June 2022

This chapter consists of a clear and direct path to assist educators in creating specific unit and lesson plans. The chapter clearly outlines the differences among unit plans, lesson plans, the use of the three-circle model in agricultural education, and how to evaluate classroom resources. There are templates and examples available for the educator to utilize in planning for their curriculum, program, and resources. If an educator utilizes this chapter effectively, many problems with student engagement, pedagogical understanding, and planning will be eliminated.
Assessing Student Learning
Authors: Sorensen Tyson J.
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this chapter is to present assessment concepts and provide guidelines for effective assessment practices within school-based agricultural education. The chapter explains common terms and different types of assessments. It also provides guiding principles for how to effectively construct various types of assessments including both traditional and alternative types of assessments. In addition, this chapter provides guidelines and principles for managing grades in school-based agricultural education programs. This chapter provides practical recommendations and examples within a school-based agricultural education context.
Designing and Implementing Clinical and Field Experiences
Authors: Ramsey Jon W.
Published: June 2022

The knowledge, skills, and dispositions needed to lead and deliver school-based agricultural education (SBAE) is introduced to teacher candidates through clinical and field experiences. These experiences are designed to introduce teacher candidates to the roles and responsibilities of the agricultural education teacher and FFA advisor. Experiences are intended to expose candidates to the three-component model of agricultural education and introduce them to the agricultural education career. Nationally accredited teacher preparation programs integrate clinical and field experiences into plans of study and degree plans to meet teacher certification and program accreditation requirements. This chapter focuses on the early field experience and student teaching internship components utilized by teacher preparation programs.
Assessing Teacher Effectiveness in Agricultural Education
Authors: Eck Christopher J. , Robinson J. Shane
Published: June 2022

Effective teaching is a multidimensional concept that is often considered to be elusive. Those who are deemed effective teachers reflect frequently and often on their practice, continuously develop their human capital through professional development and conversations with others, and regularly solicit feedback and advice on their teaching from experienced and trusted mentors. When considering the development, support, and evaluation of school-based agricultural education (SBAE) teachers, it is essential to consider the sources of feedback along with formative and summative assessments to further develop career-specific human capital to prepare for and sustain a career as an effective SBAE teacher. Therefore, this chapter will identify sources of feedback, describe methods of effective teaching evaluation, and explore opportunities to use evaluations and feedback for continual improvement for pre-service and in-service SBAE teachers.
Cultivating Professionalism in the Healthcare Professional
Authors: Rentas Carol
Published: June 2022

What is professionalism as it applies to a healthcare professional, and how is it critical to patient care? It begins with the individual professional. This chapter provides an overview of the professional progression, from building a professional identity to participating in meaningful advocacy in the profession and ultimately leading other professionals in the betterment of the profession. The chapter will highlight tools and exercises advisors and educators can use to cultivate an understanding of the critical steps of this progression. Ultimately, the educators and advisors will be able to equip the pre-health professional with the roadmap to becoming the consummate healthcare professional, which is critical to operating at a level that ensures optimum patient care.
Common Academic Stress Points and Mental Health Concerns Among Pre-Health and Health Science Students
Authors: Corr Patrick G. , Siglin Mandy , Dyer Kirsti , Powell Cynthia , Dawson Donnell , Warren Alison , Frame Leigh A.
Published: June 2022

Addressing the mental health and well-being of pre-health students is critically important to ensuring their success through college and entry into advanced training or the workforce. Pre-health students represent some of the most motivated, involved, and engaged students on campus. Retaining these students and ensuring a positive undergraduate experience may help improve the development of a robust and diverse healthcare workforce. This chapter considers academic stress points and common mental health concerns among pre-health and graduate-level clinical students and discusses the implications of poor mental health outcomes among these student populations. This chapter is the first in a two-part series designed to understand the experiences of health science students and potential adverse health outcomes they may experience. The second chapter in this series considers practical approaches for pre-health advisors to foster and encourage well-being among students.
Effective Transition From Individual Faculty Advising to Committee Structure
Authors: Ball Karen L. , Dopke Nancy Carter
Published: June 2022

The evolution from a traditional model of individual faculty advising pre-health professional students to a committee structure incorporating both faculty and staff is discussed. In detailing the transition, the advantages, disadvantages, successes, and failures of three models of advising are considered. The goal of this chapter is to assist other institutions that may be considering changes in their pre-health professional student advising model. Key considerations during transitions were the desire to have a consistent message, to address the multiple stakeholders of pre-health advising, and to create a cohesive, robust, collaborative strategy.
Advising the High School Pre-Health Student
Authors: Golini Deana L. , Leibowitz Seth L. , Shivy Victoria A.
Published: June 2022

Each year thousands of high school students transition to college with the intent to enter the healthcare professions. Despite their intentions, most will be unsuccessful in meeting this educational and career goal. This chapter discusses some of the reasons why and offers suggestions for filling the gap between high school and college in order to improve students' chances of success. The intent is to highlight these and other gaps that can limit student familiarity with and preparation for college-level classes, as well as students' self-efficacy in career decision-making. Students from backgrounds underrepresented in the healthcare workforce often attend under-resourced high schools, reducing their understanding of and self-efficacy in career decision-making; and most high school students have a limited understanding of the preparation needed to be successful in college. The authors share observations from Virginia Commonwealth University's Health Sciences Academy to show how pre-health advisors can partner with high schools to assist high school pre-health students with their successful transitions to college.
The Narrative of Violence in the Framework of the Post-Truth Concept in Television Series
Authors: Bolat Nursel
Published: June 2022

Violence shown in the media, and especially in television programs, manifests itself as an alarming narrative element. Establishing a narrative through violence is an important marketing tool for the television industry with its language that appeals to the general public. In television broadcasts, and especially in television dramas, violence is treated as a profitable theme for the broadcaster. Since violent programs are a subject that attracts viewers, television organizations also increase the dose of violence in their broadcasts. Along with the increase in violence in society, the role of the media's narrative of violence in directing the audience is starting to be discussed. At this point, the presentation of violence within the framework of the post-truth approach of the violence narrative presented in television series gains importance. In this context, the chapter examines how the presentation of violence through television series is blurred and affects the public opinion by highlighting emotions and various interests within the framework of the post-truth approach.
The Prevalence of Information Technology in Indonesia's Accredited Hospitals
Authors: Layman Chrisanty Victoria , Sasmoko Sasmoko , Hamsal Mohammad , Sanny Lim
Published: June 2022

During the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia, examination and relaying of important health information were done with the support of information technology. Therefore, this study measure information technology (IT) within hospitals through IT adoption and IT integration. The study uses data of 752 accredited in Indonesia. The study uses a descriptive analysis and ANOVA to identify the score of different locations, classes, and accreditations of hospitals to determine whether there are any associations or significant differences between the top- and lower-class hospitals. The results indicate that hospital classes A, B, C, and D in Indonesia apply information processing related to the storage, retrieval, sharing, and use of health services information for communication and significant decision-making. However, there are no significant distinction in the prevalence of IT usage among these hospitals. This study contributes to the understanding of the current rate of adoption and integration of information technology resources.
Physiographic analysis of the Atibaia River Basin and flood susceptibility mapping in the municipality of Campinas-SP, Brazil
Authors: Garcia Bruno de Souza , Dourado Camila da Silva , Avila Ana Maria Heuminski de
Published: June 2022

This study characterized and analyzed the physiographic factors of the Atibaia River Basin and their influence on flooding processes and evaluated the susceptibility to flooding in the municipality of Campinas during the years 1985 and 2019. At first, geoprocessing techniques and indices defined in the literature were used to provide a comprehensive understanding of the Atibaia River Basin regarding its geometric, relief, and drainage attributes and its influence on flooding processes, to provide decision-making support regarding preventive and mitigating actions for the socioeconomic and environmental impacts in the region. The pedogeomorphological characteristics and land use and occupation of Campinas were applied to the Analytic Hierarchy Process using geoprocessing techniques to generate the specific mapping of the municipality’s susceptibility to flooding. The mapping allowed us to identify the critical sites of the municipality of Campinas, choosing priority areas for government action and programs regarding urban and environmental management. It can also guide new studies on the detail scale aiming to prevent and mitigate flooding events.

Keywords: hydrographic basin, spatial multi-criteria analysis, water risk.
Anatomical Variations of The Fifth Lumbar Artery in A Sample Kenyan Population
Authors: Ongidi Ibsen , Amuti Thomas , Mageto Joseph , Dennis Nick , Ouko Innocent , Murerwa Rebecca , Olabu Beda , Ogeng’o Julius
Published: June 2022

Background: The fifth lumbar arteries have a more variable presence and origin as compared to the first four arteries. Its anatomical variations may influence lower spine surgical and vascular interventions.

Aim: Our objective was to determine the variations of the fifth lumbar artery in a cadaveric and contrast computed tomography (CT) study.

Materials and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study combined data from 90 cadaveric and 120 post-contrast abdomino-pelvic computed tomography (CT) from Human Anatomy Department, University–of-Nairobi and Radiology Department, Kenyatta-National-Hospital. Cadavers were dissected to expose the arteries. Their prevalence, patterns and position of origin on the 5th vertebral bodies were determined. Data were analyzed using SPSS.

Results: The artery was present in 26.7% of the cadaveric group, and 16.7% of the CT group. It was only noted in males in both the cadaveric and CT groups. It originated bilaterally as a common stem in 50% and as paired single branches in 50%. It originated at a mean distance of 9.03mm ± 7.23mm from the top of the L5 vertebra, maintaining a consistent relation to the upper third (90%) and the middle third (10%) of the body.

Conclusions: The arteries were only noted in males and portrayed population specific variations.
Utility of Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Predictor of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer in a Sub-Saharan African Population
Authors: Obino Mariah Kerubo , Chege Edward Ng’ang’a , Vinayak Sudhir , Nguk Samuel Gitau
Published: June 2022

Background: Traditionally, the diagnosis of prostate cancer was based on increased prostate-specific antigen level or an abnormal digital rectal examination and confirmed histologically following biopsy. Consequently, a proportion of men without cancer or with clinically insignificant disease undergo unwarranted prostate biopsies and experience resultant complications. Pre-biopsy multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MP-MRI) is vital in determining those with clinically significant cancer who need biopsy and those with a negative MRI who can safely avoid unnecessary biopsy.

Methods: The diagnostic accuracy of MP-MRI using transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy as the reference test was established for 133 men who had undergone MRI and biopsy. The MRI images were reviewed and reported by two independent consultant radiologists. Clinically significant cancer was defined as Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System score ≥3 on multiparametric MRI and Gleason score ≥3 + 4 (grade group ≥2) on histology.

Results: MP-MRI of the prostate was found to have 92% sensitivity, 47.8% specificity, 86.8% negative predictive value (NPV) and 62% positive predictive value for the diagnosis of prostate cancer.

Conclusion: MP-MRI has a high sensitivity and a high NPV, validating its use in pre-biopsy evaluation of men at risk of prostate cancer to safely avoid unnecessary prostate biopsy and to guide biopsy of suspicious lesions.
Unexpected diversity: ten new species of Homadaula Lower, 1899 from Africa and the Arabian Peninsula (Galacticoidea: Galacticidae)
Authors: Mey Wolfram
Published: June 2022

The study of African material of the genus Homadaula obtained from collections of European lepidopterists and museum collections yielded the discovery of 10 unknown species, which are described herein as: Homadaula aarviki sp. nov., Homadaula agassizi sp. nov., Homadaula arabica sp. nov., Homadaula deprinsorum sp. nov., Homadaula gabonensis sp. nov., Homadaula larseni sp. nov., Homadaula malawiensis sp. nov., Homadaula peregovitsi sp. nov., Homadaula saharaensis sp. nov. and Homadaula taraktica sp. nov. Two species was left undescribed because only female individuals were available. The male and the female genitalia are illustrated and images of the moths are provided. New records of six previously described species are presented.
Blood and urinary parasites and associated risk factors in a rural community in Abia State, Nigeria
Authors: Okosa C. , Ukpai O.M. , Lawrence Q.O. , Chukwuemeka B.C. , Ikpi P.O.
Published: June 2022

The environment, climate, social behaviour, and economic factors make developing countries vulnerable to parasitic infections. A cross-sectional study was conducted (Dec 2017-May 2018) to determine the prevalence of blood and urine parasites in Obizi, Amakama-Olokoro, a rural community in Umuahia South LGA, Abia State. Blood and urine samples were collected from 284 respondents. Sample analyses were done using Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) kits and microscopy for blood and centrifugal sedimentation method for urine. Socio-demographic data and risk factors were collected with structured questionnaires. Statistical analysis was done using the Pearson’s Chi-square, with the PAST Statistical package. The results showed an overall blood parasitic prevalence of 32.4%. Plasmodium falciparum recorded the highest prevalence of 28.17% by RDT and 30.6% by microscopy. Trypanosoma brucei gambiense occurred as a mixed infection (1.8%). Schistosoma haematobium had a prevalence of 3.9%. Socio-demographic data showed there were more females (67.3%); more persons in the age group 61-70 years (31.0%) and more farmers (38.0%) in the studied population. More females were infected with Plasmodium falciparum (34.6%) while more males were infected with Schistosoma haematobium (8.6%) P. falciparum occurred in all the age groups. S. haematobium occurred only in three age groups with the highest prevalence found in the age group (11-20) years (26.9%). Malaria infection was higher in those who did not use ITNs (37.1%). Some reasons given for the non-usage of ITNs were high cost/non-availability and discomfort. Farming activities and swimming have been recognized as risk factors to the acquisition of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Schistosoma haematobium, respectively. Plasmodium falciparum, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Schistosoma haematobium still pose a serious health threat to the community. Eliminating vector breeding sites, the use of ITNs and changes in social behaviours will help reduce blood and urinary parasites and ensure a healthier and economically viable community.
Detection of Tritrichomonas foetus in cattle at the Kumasi abattoir
Authors: Sallu F. , Asare D.A. , Aseno N.T. , Essel-Cobbinah D. , Emikpe B.O.
Published: June 2022

The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Tritrichomonas foetus in slaughtered cattle at the Kumasi abattoir. A total of one hundred (100) slaughtered cattle were sampled randomly (60-bulls and 40 cows) with preputial wash and vaginal lavage collected after slaughter for laboratory analysis using Wet-mount technique. Data obtained were analyzed by descriptive statistics using MS Excel and the results expressed in percentages and graphs. The prevalence of bovine Tritrichomoniasis was 34% with the cows recording 20% and the bulls 14% of the sampled population. Out of the cows sampled, twenty (20) were positive representing 50% and out of the bulls sampled, fourteen (14) were positive representing 23.3%. This clearly shows that cows had the highest prevalence compared to the bulls, therefore sex has a significant effect on the infection, since p˂0.05. The WASH and the Zebu cattle had relatively higher % positivity of 41.7% and 40.7%. N’dama cattle recorded 28.6% positivity which was same as the 28.6% positivity in the White Fulani, while the Sanga breed recorded the least positivity (21.4%) of the infection. Breed of cattle however had no significant effect on infection (p>0.05). The highest prevalence of Tritrichomonas infection was 47.2% in adult cattle of 4 years old whiles adult cattle of 3 years old had a prevalence rate of 28.6% whereas cattle of 2 years of age recorded the lowest prevalence rate of 22.7%. However, age had no significant effect (p>0.05) on the infection. Further studies should be conducted to ascertain the rate of infection in the country by using a larger sample size. In order to reduce the level of infection it is advisable to screen all breeding bulls and cull the affected ones.
Sero-prevalence of syphilis and assessment of haemoparasites among prospective blood donors at a tertiary hospital in Calabar, Southern Nigeria.
Authors: Okafor I.M. , Akpan S.S. , Henshaw A.E.
Published: June 2022

The prevalence of haemoparasites among blood donors in the studied area has not been previously documented. This study determined the prevalence of syphilis and haemoparasitic infections among blood donors in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study involving 200 consenting blood donors. Samples were processed using the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) screening technique for the detection of Treponema pallidum antibodies. Screening for microfilaria was conducted using Knott's concentration technique. Thick and thin blood films stained with 3% Giemsa solution were examined to confirm the presence of malaria parasites. All the 200 blood donors harboured trophozoites of Plasmodium falciparum, with low parasite counts per millilitre of blood. One hundred and thirteen (56.5%) blood donors had microfilaria Loa. 21(10.5%) blood donors were positive for antibodies homologous to T. pallidum antigens. Mixed infections of P. falciparum + Microfilaria; P. falciparum + Microfilaria + T. pallidum and Microfilaria + T. pallidum occurred at the prevalence rates of 50%, 16.5% and 4%, respectively. The prevalence of haemoparasites was higher among male blood donors than in their female counterparts. The most prevalent infection based on the frequency of blood donation was the malaria parasite (45.5%). Among the first-time blood donors, the most prevalent infections were malaria (54.5%) and Loa loa (24.5%). This study has shown a significantly (p < 0.05) high prevalence of malaria parasite and Loa loa infection in the studied group, it also showed malaria parasite and Loa loa as the major haemoparasites found among blood donors in the health institution studied.
Sequence stratigraphic framework of ‘AKOS’ field, Niger Delta
Authors: Umukoro A.G. , Okengwu K.O.
Published: June 2022

The aim of this study is to investigate the sequence-stratigraphic framework of a hydrocarbon prospect of ‘AKOS’ Field, Niger Delta, using well logs, and 3-D seismic data. To achieve this, the researchers identify the various sand/shale and seismic facies, build a sequencestratigraphic framework of the oilfield, and assess the petroleum play of identified system tracts. A fault analysis reveal twelve (12) fault sets (Fault 1-12) mapped across the seismic volume. These faults are picked on an increment of 50 and examined for consistency using time slice and variance attributes. Faults-1 and 2 are major faults. The other ten (10) are minor faults. The mapped faults are normal growth faults common in the Niger Delta, as most trend approximately E-W direction. Sequence-stratigraphic analysis of the prospect based on chronostratigraphic correlation reveal two (2) sequences. Sequence-1 is between Sequence Boundary (SB) 0 to SB-1. Sequence-2 is between SB-1 to SB-2. Results from interpreted and analyzed system tracts reveal all three (3) present in Sequence-1. However, the Lowstand System Tract (LST) is absent in Sequence-2. The Lowstand Systems Tracts (LST) identified by shallowing and coarsening-upward succession, and progradational and aggradational parasequence sets are major hydrocarbon-producing intervals within the oilfield. The Transgressive Systems Tract (TST) typified by dirtying-upward seal the Lowstand Reservoirs. The upper section of the Highstand Systems Tracts (HST) has reservoir potential.
Measurement of activity concentrations of rock samples from rocks- surrounded town in Igbeti, Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Ajetunmobi A.E. , Biere P. , Alausa S.K. , Coker J.O. , David T.W. , Talabi A.T. , Oladujoye H.T. , Olojede S.K.
Published: June 2022

Rocks are known to contain radionuclides that emit radiation continuously. The assessment of activity concentrations of rock samples from Igbeti, Oke-Ogun has been investigated. Twenty (20) rock samples were randomly collected from different rock sites. The rock samples were pulverized at the laboratory of the Department of Geology, University of Ibadan. 200g of each collected sample was allowed to attain secular equilibrium by enclosing it in a plastic container for twenty-eight (28) days. Radiometric analysis of the samples was carried out at the radiation laboratory of the Physics Department of the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta using a thallium doped Sodium Iodide detector. Standard equations were used to estimate the radiological parameters associated with exposure to ionizing radiation from the natural radionuclides in the rock samples. The study revealed that the activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K lie between 14 ̶ 487 (Bq/kg), 210 ̶ 3680 (Bq/kg), and 242 ̶ 1580 (Bq/kg) respectively. The absorbed dose rate (nGy/h), annual effective dose equivalent (μSv/y), (radium equivalent (Bq/kg), external and internal indices, activity utilization index and estimated excess lifetime cancer risks lie between from (180 ̶ 2700) nGy/h, (0.10 ̶ 14), 400 ̶ 6300 (Bq/kg), 1 ̶ 17, 1 ̶ 19, 2 ̶ 41, and 0.6 ̶ 9.5 × 10−6 respectively. The values of the absorbed dose rates value are greater than the world average of 60 nGy/h while annual effective dose equivalent values are less than the world’s average value of 1000 μSv/y respectively. The external and internal indices are greater than the permissible limit of (1) and likewise, the radium equivalent value is also greater than the acceptable limit of 370 Bq/kg. The estimated excess lifetime cancer risk for the study is below the permissible limit of 2.9 × 10−4 . Most of the estimated radiological parameters for the study are all greater than the permissible limit. This suggests that further exposure of dwellers to ionizing radiation may be possible and this calls for further investigation.