bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energy efficiency of maize hybrids cultivation for biogas production with using macro- and microfertilizers
Authors:   Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, Grabovskyi M. B. , Pavlichenko K. V. ,   Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, Kozak L. A., ,   Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, Kachan L. M. ,   Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University
Published: August 2022

Topicality. Nowadays, the main purpose of agro-industrial complex and renewable energy is to increase the productivity of corn for grain and silage. For biogas production the proper selection of maize hybrids and energy assessment of their cultivation technology is needed. Issues. Optimization of technological methods and increasing the yield per area unit is one of the ways to improve the energy efficiency of crop production, including for the purposes of bioenergy. Energy analysis assists to compare energy consumption for growing crop and energy content in the obtained yield. Aim. To determine the influence of macro- and microfertilizers on the energy efficiency of growing maize hybrids for biogas production. Materials and Methods. The research was conducted in 2019–2021 in the “Poultry Farm Korobivsky" Andrushivka district of Zhytomyr region. In a three-factor experiment, it was studied maize hybrids: Amaroc, Bogatyr, KWS 381, Karifols; macrofertilizers, kg/ha: without fertilizers, N90Р60К60, N120Р90К90; microfertilizers: without application, YaraVita Teprosyn NP + Zn seed treatment (5 l/t) and spraying maize in the 3–5 leaves stage with YaraVita Maize Boost (4 l/ha), seed treatment (0.15 kg/t) with YaraTera Tenso Cocktail and spraying maize in the 3–5 leaves with Yara Vita Kombiphos (3 l/ha). Results. It was found that the biogas output for the mid-early maize hybrids Amaroc and Bogatyr was 9062.0–13716.3 m3/ha, and for the mid-ripening KWS 381 and Karifols was higher by 9.8–36.5 % (11635.3–15589.5 m3/ha). Biogas output was higher by 15.2–30.9 % and 1.8–3.6 % due to using macrofertilizers and microfertilizers compared to the variants without their application. There was no significant difference in biogas output between the second and third variants with microfertilizers. It was identified that energy efficiency ratio (Ke) increased for studied maize hybrids when N90Р60К60 and N120Р90К90 were applied. Conclusions. The highest biogas and energy output was 15589,5 m3/ha and 333,6 GJ/ha was obtained for the mid-ripening hybrid Karifols when pre-sowing seed treatment with YaraTera Tenso Cocktail (0.15 kg/t) and spraying maize in the 3–5 leaves stage with YaraVita Kombiphos (3 l/ha) were carried out on the background of N120Р90К90. In our opinion, for biogas production, the cultivation of Amaros, Bogatyr, KVS 381 and Carifols hybrids is more efficient when used pre-sowing seed treatment with Yara Tera Tenso Cocktail (0.15 kg/t) and spraying maize with YaraVita Kombiphos (3 l/ha) in the 3–5 leaves stage without macrofertilizer application that provides the highest energy factor in the range of 7.7–9.3. Key words: biogas output, pre-sowing seed treatment, energy output, energy consumption, energy efficiency ratio.
ARAP DÜNYASINDA TÜRK EDEBİYATI: ECE TEMELKURAN’IN MUZ SESLERİ ADLI ESERİNİN TÜRKÇEDEN ARAPÇAYA ÇEVİRİSİ
Authors: KURT Gülfem
Published: August 2022

En genel anlamıyla, bir dilden başka bir dile yapılan aktarım işlemi olarak tanımlanabilecek çeviri, barındırdığı birçok anlam ve yüklendiği işlevsellikle çok yönlü bir süreçtir. Yazın çevirisi, genel tanımdan farklı olarak yaratıcı ve sanatsal tüm kullanımları da içerdiği için tanımlaması daha güç olsa da kaynak metnin anlamını ve mesajını çeviri metinde yansıtması hedefen bir konumu olan ve kaynak bir dildeki yazını, metnin anlamsal, sözdizimsel ve biçemsel özelliklerini belirli bir düzlemde koruyarak hedef yazına aktarma işlemi olan bir süreç şeklinde tanımlanabilir.

Çevirinin dil ve kültür olmak üzere iki önemli boyutu vardır. Çeviribilimin araştırma alanı ise çevirinin bu iki boyutunu birden kapsar. Günümüz dünyasında hedef Türkiye’nin stratejik ve jeopolitik konumu hedef ekonomik sebepler hedefse yaşanan bazı toplumsal olaylar neticesinde Arap dünyası ile ilişkiler gittikçe hızlanmakta ve karşılıklı dil alışverişi dolayısıyla filmler, diziler, kitaplar ve bunun gibi pek çok kültür ögesi Türkçeden Arapçaya, Arapçadan da Türkçeye çevrilmeye hızla devam etmektedir. Türk edebiyatı da Arap dünyasında hızla tanınmaya ve okunmaya başlanmış, bu alanda en büyük katkıyı Suriye asıllı çevirmen Abdulkadir Abdelli sağlamıştır. Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar, Orhan Veli, Yaşar Kemal, Fakir Baykurt, Aziz Nesin, Orhan Kemal ve daha nice yazarın pek çok kitabını Arapçaya çevirmiş, bu da edebi aktarımda büyük bir etkileşim yaratmıştır. Bu çalışmada da Abdelli’nin Arapçaya çevirdiği, Ece Temelkuran’ın Muz Sesleri adlı eserinin Arapça çevirisinde geçen kültürel öğeler ve bu öğelerin Arapçaya çevrilirken kullanılan çeviri stratejileri incelenecektir. Çalışmanın kuramsal çerçevesinde çeviribilimci Newmark’ın kültürel unsurlar sınıflandırması ile çeviribilim araştırmacısı Venuti’nin “yerlileştirme” ve “yabancılaştırma” çeviri stratejilerinden yararlanılacaktır. Çalışmada söz konusu roman ile hedef metin kültürel unsurların çevirisi için önerilen yöntemler aracılığıyla karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenecek, çeviri stratejilerine yönelik tespitlerde bulunulacaktır. Çalışmaya bütünce olarak seçilen roman, çevirmen Abdulkadir Abdelli tarafından Esvatu’l Mevz adıyla Arapçaya aktarılmıştır.
Wakaf Produktif Solusi Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Dalam Islam (Studi Kasus di Desa Tanjung Inten Kecamatan Purbolinggo Kabupaten Lampung Timur)
Authors: Hotman Hotman
Published: August 2022

Wakaf produktif memiliki dua visi sekaligus yakni menghancurkan ketimpangan struktur sosial dan menyediakan lahan subur untuk menyejahterakan umat. Wakaf produktif sangat berdimensikan sosial. Ia semata-mata hanya mengabdikan diri pada kemaslahatan umat. Wakaf produktif merupakan salah satu solusi dalam pengentasan masalah kemiskinan, keterbelakangan dan kebodohan. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dan jenis data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan sekunder. Data primer diperoleh menggunakan metode wawancara kepada pihak yang menangani secara langsung wakaf di daerah tersebut dan diperkuat dengan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari dokumen yang berlaku. Dengan menggunakan analisis data berpikir induktif dan melalui beberapa tahapan yang telah ditentukan yakni identifikasi klasifikasi dan selanjutnya di interpretasikan dengan cara menjelaskan secara deskriptif. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini bahwa wakaf yang dilaksanakan di Desa Tanjung Inten khususnya di Masjid Darul Ihsan dan Pondok Pesantren Muhammadiyah Darul Hikmah sudah cukup baik dan memberikan manfaat untuk masyarakat serta mampu memberdayakan masyarakat melalui wakaf produktif berupa toko, sekolah dan sawah. Dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat ini juga telah menerapkan prinsip-prinsip pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam Islam yaitu prinsip ukhuwwah, prinsip ta’awun, dan prinsip persamaan.
Válságból válságba, avagy mit tanult az Európai Unió a gazdasági krízisek kezelése terén
Authors: Győri Enikő
Published: August 2022

Az Európai Uniónak (EU, Unió) emberöltőnyi története során sosem kellett még olyan intenzitású és gyakoriságú gazdasági válságokkal szembenéznie, mint az elmúlt bő egy évtizedben. 2008-banaz amerikai Lehman Brothers pénzintézet bedőlésével indult pénzügyi krízis reálgazdasági világválsággá terebélyesedett, s az eurót is fenyegette. 2020-tólkezdve pedig a koronavírus-járványnak lettek az egész glóbuszra kiterjedő, súlyos gazdasági következményei. Egyik esetben sem az Unió volt a problémák forrása, viszont nehezebben talált magára a fejlett világ többi részéhez képest.A két válságban más és más megközelítést alkalmazott az EU. Érdemes tehát összehasonlítani, melyik esetben miért folyamodott az adott recepthez, s képes volt-e tanulni a saját tapasztalataiból, korábbi válságkezelési hibáiból. A 2008-asválság következtében az Unió új intézményrendszerrel és jogszabályokkal bástyázta körbe az eurót, de az alkalmazott megszorító politika komoly növekedési áldozattal járt. A koronavírus-járvány (Covid–19) idejére az EU már erősebb fegyvertárral rendelkezett a gazdasági krízis hatásainak ellensúlyozására, sokkal gyorsabban és kevésbé ortodox módon, mondhatni innovatívan reagált. A gazdaságok talpra állításának terhe ugyanakkor döntő részben továbbra is a tagállamokra hárult. A 2021-esév kedvező tendenciái ellenére a rengeteg bizonytalansági tényező és új kihívás miatt még nem tudni, mikorra hagyhatja maga mögött az Unió a krízist, s abból a versenyképesség szempontjából megerősödve kerül-e ki.
A digitális kompetencia növekvő szerepe
Authors: Budai Balázs Benjámin
Published: August 2022

Napjainkban egyre jobban felértékelődik a digitális kompetencia szerepe, hiszen ez szükséges – többek között – a digitális ökoszisztéma szolgáltatásainak igénybevételéhez (és nyújtásához), valamint a digitális gazdasági versenyképességhez. A szakpolitika-alkotók nem véletlenül fordítanak egyre nagyobb, stratégiai hangsúlyt ennek fejlesztésére. Azonban nem mindegy, milyen eszközöket használunk, mert a legjobb szándékú megoldások is elsülhetnek fordított eredménnyel. Tanulmányunk megvizsgálja a digitális kompetenciafejlesztés szükségességét a jelenlegi helyzet tükrében, annak gazdasági, társadalmi, uniós és hazai stratégiai környezetét, majd számba veszi a legutóbbi (és leginkább használható) hazai és uniós beavatkozási kísérleteket. Ezek után a lehetséges beavatkozások gátló tényezőit mérlegeli, majd javaslatot tesz beavatkozási pontokra és módszerekre, felhívva a figyelmet a fejlesztések megvalósulásának és elmaradásának várható hatásaira.
To the question on the peculiarities of the legal regulation of labor relations in the martial law conditions
Authors: Bortnyk S. M.
Published: August 2022

The peculiarities of legal regulation of labor relations, which are established by the special labor legislation of Ukraine under martial law, have been considered. The labor legislation, aimed at ensuring the realization of the right to work and rest in peacetime, turned out to be unable for objective reasons to regulate such relations in wartime conditions, therefore a separate Law of Ukraine “On the Organization of Labor Relations in Conditions of Martial Law” was adopted.

The individual labor rights of employees, which are limited by legislation during the martial law, have been investigated, and their consequences for both sides of labor relations have been clarified. On the territory of the country, in accordance with the Decree of the President of Ukraine “On the introduction of martial law in Ukraine”, the legislator temporarily limited a number of constitutional rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen for the period of the legal regime of martial law. The labor rights of Ukrainian citizens to work and to strike, which are provided for in Articles 43-44 of the Constitution of Ukraine, were also limited.

The essence of the concept of “martial law” and its features in terms of regulating labor relations have been clarified. It has been noted that there are no definitions of the categories “state of war” and “martial law” in the national legislation. The scientific views of scientists on this issue have been studied. The provisions of the Law of Ukraine “On the Organization of Labor Relations in the Conditions of Martial Law” have been analyzed with an emphasis on the realization of the right to work during the operation of the country under martial law, in particular the issues of: a) concluding an employment contract; b) termination of the employment contract; c) rest time d) working time.

Ways of improving and supplementing the current labor legislation, which regulates the issue of labor relations of employees of all forms of ownership and types of activity, have been proposed.
Actualization of peacekeeping activity priority directions in the conditions of current Russian-Ukrainian war on the example of police structures of the countries of the world and Ukraine
Authors: Akopyan M. A.
Published: August 2022

The issue of the effectiveness of peacekeeping educational processes on the basis of national patriotic education has been updated, taking into account global challenges and threats. It is proposed to create appropriate effective forms of education and science with emphasis on the training and retraining of peacekeeping personnel in the direction of conducting effective trainings, scientific research, lectures on various platforms (online auditoriums, amphitheatres, etc.). The formation of the necessary peacemaking skills is a guarantee of the stability of the state, especially regarding the unification around the solution of such issues as ecocide, genocide, modern states of war, ethnic hatred, racism, violence in the family, regarding the solution of various kinds of conflicts, communication and cooperation with issues of peace and security both in a separate country and in the world.

Important issues of psychological rehabilitation of military personnel, requirements for peacekeepers, methodological principles that can be adapted to police and other spheres of activity were also considered. In general, the development of professional competences in these areas is very important. Definitions of the terms “charitable activity”, “volunteer activity”, “peacemaking activity” are given, and their relationship is considered. The author’s definition of the concept of peacekeeping police activity is proposed. It is emphasized that the development of an effective model of peacekeeping policy is important for the formation of various branches of legal and social life, the construction of legal norms, sanction policy, which is carried out with the help of humane methods of legal regulation and, in general, concentrates the standards of the culture of behavior, the coherence of free expression of will on the basis of concepts peace, peacemaking, which is reflected in the formation of a legal culture based on the fundamental, universally recognized principles of law.
Directions for improving the legal regulation of forensic DNA analysis in Ukraine in the context of integration into the European Union
Authors: Stepaniuk R. L. , Kikinchuk V. V.
Published: August 2022

An analysis of European standards and main trends in the field of legal regulation of forensic DNA analysis has been carried out. It has been established that the general European legislation defines recommendations on the general principles of using DNA analysis within the framework of the criminal justice system, establishes the obligation of each state to create and maintain a national DNA database, exchange information based on DNA databases, take measures to protect personal data, store DNA profiles of persons convicted of sexual offenses against children, to accredit forensic laboratories to ensure the proper quality of molecular genetic research. Taking into account the experience of European countries, it can be seen that a comprehensive approach to the improvement of domestic legislation, namely the implementation of the law on the national DNA database, the introduction of amendments and additions to the current Code of Criminal Procedure of Ukraine, other laws and departmental regulations regarding the use of DNA analysis in criminal proceedings, is a necessary prerequisite for bringing this area of law enforcement to a new qualitative level. Together with the adoption of the Law of Ukraine “On the State Registration of Human Genomic Information”, it is necessary to introduce changes and additions to the Code of Criminal Procedure of Ukraine in order to harmonize the provisions of these normative legal acts, which primarily concern the improvement of the procedure for obtaining samples for molecular genetic research. It has been substantiated that the experience of Germany and the Netherlands regarding the legal regulation of mass DNA testing at the stage of pre-trial investigation of serious and especially serious crimes can be useful for Ukraine. Taking into account the rapid development of forensic DNA analysis technologies and the introduction of the latest methods, which are characterized by a much greater degree of interference in the personal and family life of a person, compared to traditional methods of STR profiling, there is a need for a legislative definition of the permissible limits of forensic DNA research within the framework of criminal proceedings in Ukraine.
Inovação Aplicada à Indústria de Medicamentos Fitoterápicos
Authors: Oliveira Ana Claudia D.
Published: August 2022

O Brasil é o país com a maior biodiversidade do planeta, mas aproveita muito pouco desse potencial para a produção de fitoterápicos. Dentre os fatores que dificultam uma melhor exploração dessa biodiversidade, destaca-se a inexistência de uma cultura de inovação, além das dificuldades inerentes às características da pesquisa e desenvolvimento desta modalidade de produto. Diante disso, a adoção de um modelo de gestão estratégica da inovação é fator determinante para a construção e implementação de um sistema que gere resultados práticos. O objetivo deste artigo foi demonstrar que é possível e favorável a aplicação de ferramentas de Inovação na Indústria de Medicamentos Fitoterápicos, através da experiência do Doutorado Sanduíche Empresarial da autora.
Investigação da Atividade Farmacológica de Espécies de Piper que Ocorrem no Cerrado
Authors: Guerrero Ana Tereza G. , Guilhermino Jislaine de Fátima , Rondon Eric S. , Figueiredo Jozi G. , Roel Antonia R. , Porto Karla R. A. , Yano Mami
Published: August 2022

As espécies de Piper há muitos anos vem sendo estudadas por suas utilidades descobertas pelos nativos das regiões onde se encontra, sendo que pesquisas sobre essas espécies estão se intensificando pela necessidade de encontrar novos princípios ativos para o controle e tratamento de diversas patologias. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a atividade analgésica, anti-inflamatória e de prospecção fitoquímica dos extratos brutos etanólicos de folhas de espécies de Piper. Os extratos foram preparados pelo método de maceração estática em etanol, filtrados e secos por rotaevaporação, obtendo-se os extratos brutos etanólicos de folhas de Piper arboreum Aubl. var. arboreum (EBEF1), Piper hemmendorffii C. DC (EBEF2) e Piper hispidum Sw (EBEF3). Os estudos farmacológicos demonstraram que o EBEF1 apresentou redução da resposta hipernociceptiva evidenciada em dois modelos, no teste de formalina e no teste de pressão crescente na pata, porém neste último, tal redução foi evidenciada somente quando foi administrada uma dose de reforço do extrato. Para avaliar a atividade anti-inflamatória foi utilizado o método da mieloperoxidase. Os resultados demonstram a efetividade do EBEF1 em reduzir a migração neutrofílica para o tecido plantar. Já a análise fitoquímica, que nos dá uma relação qualitativa de compostos como fenóis, taninos, antocianidinas, antocianinas, flavonóides, leucociantocianicinas, catequinas, flavononas, xantonas e outros. No EBF1, observou-se o aparecimento da cor amarela indicando presença de flavononas, flavonóis e xantonas nas três espécies devido a intensificação da cor pardo-amarelado, indicando a presença de catequinas, assim como, o EBEF1 apresentou maior potência em sua ação anti-inflamatória quando comparado a atividade analgésica.
Influência dos Processos de Autoclavação e Microondas Sobre a Carga Microbiana e Teor de Polifenóis e Taninos Totais das Cascas de Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi
Authors: Moura Túlio Flávio A. L. , Raffin Fernanda N. , Santos Ana Lourdes R. , Lavor Edilene P.
Published: August 2022

A espécie Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, conhecida como aroeira da praia, é utilizada na medicina tradicional para o tratamento de lesões e úlceras de pele e mucosas, infecções do sistema respiratório, digestivo e geniturinário. Sendo um dos maiores problemas enfrentados pela indústria de fitoterápicos a contaminação microbiana das matérias-primas, este trabalho objetivou avaliar a influência dos processos de autoclavação e microondas sobre a contaminação microbiológica e teor de taninos e flavonóides totais do pó e de extratos hidroalcoólicos de aroeira. Os extratos foram obtidos por maceração na proporção de 1:10 de planta/solvente com álcool a 40%, 50%, 60% e 70%. Os métodos microbiológicos utilizados foram o de contagem de microrganismos em placa por pour plate e o da pesquisa de patógenos, analisando em triplicata cada uma das amostras. Nos pós autoclavados houve apenas crescimento bacteriano (0,12 x 102 UFC/g). No processo por microondas ocorreu crescimento para bactérias (0,50 x 102 UFC/g) e fungos (0,10 x 102 UFC/g). Os pós quando não tratados, apresentaram maior crescimento de bactérias (3,68 x 102 UFC/g) e fungos (0,26 x 102 UFC/g). Os extratos tratados com álcool apresentaram menor contaminação microbiana. O processo de esterilização por autoclave não acarretou redução de polifenóis e taninos totais.
Comparison the PH of roots after intra canal placement of four types of calcium hydroxide (An in vitro study)
Authors: Kaka Dr. Ihsan N.
Published: August 2022

The successful outcome of endodontic treatment depends on the reduction orelimination of bacteria present in an endodontic infection. It has been reported thatchemo-mechanical instrumentation alone is not enough for this purpose.The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the pH changes that occurredover a period of 14 days using four types of calcium hydroxide. Four types of calciumhydroxide materials were filled in fifty extracted single rooted teeth which were keptin individual vials containing distilled water at a pH of (7.4). Digital pH-meter wasused to measure the pH of different groups at two hours, 24 hours, 7 days & 14 daysafter immersion of the specimens. The mean pH was found for all groups andstatistical analysis was carried out using ANOVA and POST HOC TEST (LSD).Calcium hydroxide was found to significantly raise the root PH. Therefore calciumhydroxide is an effective choice in clinical practice to be used as intra canalmedicament between appointments.
Experience of Dental Caries of Adult Patients in Relation To The Characteristic of Dental Visit and Brushing Behavior In Tikrit City
Authors: Abduallah Dr.Huda Abbas
Published: August 2022

Aim: Dental decay is a process in which the hard mineral structure of teeth isdissolved. The process produces a cavity on the crown of the tooth or a softeningof the root surface. Without regular dental care people are often unaware of thecondition, whereas those who usually seek dental care for a check-up are morelikely to have dental decay treated in a timely manner The aim of the presentstudy was to determine the caries experience of public dental patients by age, sexwith the type of dental visit and brushing behavior in adults in Tikrit city, Iraq.Subjects and methods: A sample of 1284 individuals(580 males and 704females)with an age range of (18-60 years) attending the teaching dental hospitalof collage of dentistry of Tikrit university and the specialized dental center , wereexamined according to WHO guidelines using DMFT index. Questionnaires wereused to assess the level of dental health attitude among the individuals.Results: The distribution of patients was high at younger age for both sexes.Emergency visit had a higher percentage of patients (82.2%). 63.6% of thepatients brush their teeth two or more. The mean DMFT scores were 7.5 (8.3 forfemale and 6.7 for male). Mean DMFT for both sex increases with age. Thepercentage of decayed teeth (D/DMFT%) was the highest among younger agegroup (60.7% for female and 63.1% for male). There was statistically a highlysignificant difference between age, sex, dental visit type and brushing behaviorand DMFT. Emergency patient did show higher level of decayed and missingteeth while general patient did show higher level of filled teeth. Emergencydental visit had higher percentage of decayed teeth (57.3%) than general dentalvisit (42.5%). One or less brushing patient had higher level of decayed andmissing teeth, while two or more brushing patient show higher level of filledteeth. The percentage of decayed teeth for one or less brushing patients was(62.9%) higher than two or more brushing patients (50.1%).Conclusion: It was concluded that the present study findings for DMFT scores washigher than the global standers according to the world health organization(WHO). Therefore, there is a great need to combine restorative-oriented dentalservices with preventive- oriented dental services in order to improve the oralhealth status of this population.
The efficiency and benefit of using, the halogen light source used for bleaching of teeth, in bonding of orthodontic brackets (an in vivo study)
Authors: Rasheed Dr. Natheer A.
Published: August 2022

Background: The property of the bleaching light sources is the wide and curved(the negative of the mouth curve) head of exposure. The aim of this study was to,test the efficiency of this devise to bond orthodontic brackets, via unique exposurefor the whole teeth, by comparing the rate of the brackets failure with thetraditional led light source used in orthodontic brackets bonding which utilizeslight exposure for every tooth separately, and evaluating the benefit of time savingthrough contrasting the time required for bonding with the ordinary led andhalogen light sources.Materials and methods: 856Roth 0.22 stainless steel brackets were bonded to 39patients by using one of the two light sources in the form of three groups;bleaching light group (13 patients / 225 brackets) , ordinary led light group (13patients /237 brackets), split mouth group( by using combination of the twosources, 13patients / 229 brackets).Results: There is no statistically significant difference between the light source usedfor bleaching and traditional led light source in bracket failure rates, and the timerequired for bonding by the bleaching light source is 22% and 5% of that requiredby ordinary led light and ordinary halogen light respectively.Conclusion: the light sources used for bleaching can be used effectively in bonding oforthodontic brackets with given advantage of saving time and effort.
Periodontal health status and treatment need among Iraqi orthodontic patients wearing fixed appliance
Authors: Badeia Dr. Raed A. , Ali Dr. Suhad M.
Published: August 2022

Back ground/Aim: Orthodontic treatment enables the establishment of functionalocclusion and improvement of oral health, however, it increases the riskof periodontal disease development through plaque retention and difficulty ofkeeping a good oral hygiene. So the present study was performed to evaluate theperiodontal health status and determination of treatment need among Iraqiorthodontic patients wearing fixed appliance.Material and method: A total number of 224 orthodontic patients wearing fixedappliance were enrolled in the study. They were attending Al-Mustansiria teachinghospital at college of dentistry/Al-Mustansiria University /department oforthodontics, pedodontics and preventive dentistry for follow up visits of theirorthodontic fixed appliances in addition to the patients attending the private clinicof the researchers. Evaluation the periodontal health status and determination oftreatment need were achieved using CPITN (Community Periodontal Index forTreatment Need), the degree of gingival enlargement and high frenalattachment. The sample was divided into 2 groups according to age factor(adolescents and adults).Results: The total number & percentages of CPITN scores for the total sample werecalculated. The highest number and percentage were of (scores 0, 1 &2), {258(19.19 %), 250 (18.60 %) & 800 (59.52 %)} respectively with highly significantdifference of score 2 from other scores. The percentages of scores (0, 1 & 2) in thetwo age groups (adolescents and adults). The percentages of scores (0, 1 & 2) inthe adolescents were (17.32 %, 20.47 % & 60.67 %) respectively with highlysignificant difference of score 2. The percentages of scores (0, 1 & 2) in the adultswere (30.51 %, 27.69% and 39.90 %) respectively with significant difference ofscore 2. The treatment need for the whole sample was 100% for codes 1 and 2 oftreatment need ( oral health instructions & scaling and root planing) also thesecodes of treatment were higher than other codes significantly, especially code 3(complex treatment, deep scaling ,surgical intervention) in adolescents and adultswere (4.5% and 3%) respectively. Regarding the gingival enlargement thenumbers and percentages of the enlargement scores (0, 1, 2 & 3) of the totalsample were 115 (43%), 85 (31%), 52 (19%) and 14 (5.26%) respectively
A comparative Study to Evaluate the Effect of Sodium hypochlorite Temperature on Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Three Types of Rotary Instrument
Authors: Al_Azzawi Prof. Dr. Abdul-karim Jassim , Mahmood Dr. Ayad Mouayad
Published: August 2022

Background: The fracture of instruments within root canal during endodontictreatment is a common incidence, fracture of fatigue through flexure occursbecause of metal fatigue, NaOCl used for irrigation may have an effect oncorrosion that decrease fracture resistance. This study aimed to assess the effect ofNaOCl temperature on the cyclic fatigue of different type of Endodontic NiTiRotary Instruments and compare among them.Materials and method: three types of rotary instruments with tip size 0.25: ProTaPerF2 (Densply,Malifier) Revo-S SU ( 0.06 taper, MicroMega) and RaCe system(0.06 taper, FKG,Dentaire), Thirty file of each instrument type were used withincanal with 60° angle of curvature , undiluted NaOCl (5.25% ) were used. Ten filewithout immersion in NaOCl, ten were immersed at room temperature (21°C) for5 minute and ten with immersion in NaOCl at 60°C for the same time. Nine groupwere formed for all instruments (total number=90). The testing canal customizedwithin stainless steel block covered with glass face, the time to fracture recordedand the mean of cycles to fracture (MCF) detected for each instrument .Data wereanalyzed statistically by ANOVA, LSD and Independent T-test at 5% significantlevel.Result: there was a highly significant difference in mean of cycles to fracture for eachrotary instrument when temperature of NaOCl increased that the Number of cyclesto fracture decreased as the temperature increased. RaCe revealed the best fractureresistance followed by ProTaper then Revo-s that showed the less resistance.Conclusion: the rotary instruments more prone to fracture when temperature ofNaOCl increased, as well as the rotary instruments differ from each otheraccording to manufacturing process, taper, cross section and other factors.
The relation between temporomandibular disorders, mood status and serotonin transporter gene polymorphism. Study in Syrian population.
Authors: Kadhim Dr. Mohanad Kadhim , Kanout Dr. Chaza kanout
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship betweentemporomandibular disorders, mood status and serotonin transporter (5-HTT) genepolymorphisms in Syrian population. Twenty patients with temporomandibular jointdisorder (TMD), and 36 healthy control subjects were examined. The sample consistsof 23 males, and 33 females aged between (19-30 years old), visited the department offixed prosthodontic of the faculty of dentistry, Damascus University. This studyshows that S/L allele of 5-HTTLPR was the most frequently observed allele in TMDpatients; whereas statistical analysis did not show significant difference betweenpatient and control groups by neither genotype distribution analysis nor allelefrequency analysis. S\S allele analysis showed a relation between it and mood status.Although the study did not show significant relation between TMD and serotonintransporter polymorphism gene, but according to the importance of serotonintransporter polymorphism gene and its relation to psychological factors we suggestother studies which focus on the relation between the genetics, psychology and TMD.
Histopathological evaluation of human amniotic membrane effect on early stage healing of induced defects in rabbit's oral mucosa
Authors: Albannaa Dr. Rasha F. , Al-Dabbagh Dr. Fahad M. , Alnema Dr. Manar M.
Published: August 2022

This study aims to investigate the role of using dried Human Amniotic Membrane(dHAM) on rabbit's oral mucosal wound healing in its early stages. Six male rabbitswere used in this study. In each rabbit, two elliptical incisions were done on both sidesof tongue dorsum; one of them was left uncovered and the other was covered bydHAM. The animals were divided into two groups with three rabbits each accordingto the sacrifice periods which were three days and one week. After sacrifice,histopathological examination was performed to assess re-epithelialization andinflammation. Within the first three days, the re-epithelialization was much morefaster in dHAM group than that in control one, and the difference between the controland study group was statistically highly significant ( p=0.005 <0.01). Moreover, therate of inflammatory process show significant difference between the two groups withadvantage to HAM group (p =0.046 <0.05). However, after one week, this differencewas statistically non-significant ( p =0.317 > 0.05). Human Amniotic Membranecould be considered as an option to enhance oral wound healing especially in its earlystages.
Acute stress, salivary cortisol and calcium ions, in patients undergoing dental extraction procedure
Authors: Radhi Dr. Hani Radhi
Published: August 2022

Stress is well approved to be co-related to the dental extraction procedure, andlinked to the increase in cortisol levels in patients undergoing dental treatments. Boneaffected vastly by exposure to cortisol and that is mainly due to scavenging ofminerals (calcium and phosphorus) from the bone by cortisol to be consumed as a fueland energy source in the process of gluconeogenesis; hence, alter the density of boneand can cause substantial deterioration in bone quality and quantity. Cortisol can beinfluential on the function of both the osteoblasts and the osteoclasts and that willdemonstrate significant changes on bone as well. This research investigated therelation between the levels of cortisol and calcium ions with the degree of stressbefore and after routine dental extraction.Fifty two participants were included in this study, all met the inclusion andexclusion criteria designated for the research; they were subdivided into 2 groups, firstgroup was admitted to salivary cortisol evaluation, and salivary calcium ions wereachieved for the second group.The collected data represent a significant increase in both salivary cortisol andsalivary calcium ions in the post – dental extraction group when compared to the preextractiongroup. The evaluated salivary cortisol with mean of 4.589± 0.819 mmol/Lfor pre- extraction while, in the post-extraction the mean was 5.364 ± 1.017 mmol/Lwith a significant changes. The salivary calcium ions mean were 5.66 ±0.985mmol/L, while for the post-extraction mean was 6.380± 1.161 mmol/L with asignificant changes .The findings of this research gave an insight that stress plays an essential role inaltering both salivary calcium ions and cortisol levels in the post-extraction period, asboth increased significantly.
The retrospective survey of oral and maxillofacial malignant neoplasms
Authors: Mohammed Mustafa Mohammed
Published: August 2022

Background: Awareness of the epidemiological characteristics of oral cancers allowfor enhanced planning of timely and effective treatment in order to improvepatients’ life quality. Despite the fact that oral and perioral cancers are notincluded in common cancers, they are of special importance for their impact onhuman morbidity and life quality.Aim of the present study was to investigate the distributional patterns of oral andperioral malignancies in terms of age, gender, type and location.Materials and Methods: 4179 Oral and Maxillofacial cases taken over 5 years (2009- 2013) at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Specialist SurgeriesHospital, Medical city, Baghdad, were studied. Among these, 707 biopsyspecimens were made for histopathological diagnosis, 182 cases included oralmalignant lesions and the rest cases were benign lesions. The data involve age,gender, location, and type of malignancy for these cases were recorded.Results: The results of this survey showed that the most common malignant orallesions were of epithelial origin with 121 cases (66%), salivary lesions with 20cases (11%), and hematogenic malignancies with 18 cases (10%). Squamous cellcarcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma and lymphoma were the most commonmalignant lesions in this area of the body. The mean age of patients was (39.1)years of old and the male to female ratio was found to be 1.3:1.Conclusion: In this study, epithelial malignant tumors constituted the majority ofdiagnosed malignant tumors followed by salivary malignant tumors andlymphomas.
In vitro evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of four resin based Endodontic Sealers on three bacterial species
Authors: Mohammed Dr. Amer A. , Oglah Dr. Firas Saddam , Naser Dr. Sundus Hussein
Published: August 2022

Aim: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antimicrobial action of fourresin based endodontic sealers after 24 hrs.Materials and Method: The freshly mixed sealers were AH26, AH-plus, Epiphanyand Topseal. They were prepared according to manufacturer’s instruction andplaced in prepared wells of 40 agar plates inoculated with Streptococcus viridans,Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. (10 samples for eachmicroorganism). Four cavities, each one measuring 5 ml in diameter and 4 ml indepth, were made in each agar plate using cork poorer. Agar diffusion method onMuller Hinton agar was employed, and zones of inhibition were measured after1day.Results: AH26 containing proved to be the most effective against all microorganismstested. This was followed by Epiphany. Topseal which showed antibacterialactivity on all tested microorganisms slightly higher than that of AH-Plus whichshowed the least action on all tested microorganisms.Conclusion: All the sealers evaluated in this study showed different inhibitory effectagainst all bacterial strains.
Dentistry as a cause of Endocarditis in Baghdad governorate
Authors: Abdulla Hajer Ibrahem , Helmi Raad Muhildeen , Kareem Jabbar Jassim
Published: August 2022

Endocarditis is a localized microbial infection of the heart valves or endocardium adjacent to congenital or acquired heart defects. It is the dentist's responsibility to prevent the occurrence of endocarditis by following the latest recommendations usually issued by the American Heart Association on prevention of endocarditis. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the role of Dentistry in causing endocarditis among Iraqi at risk patients. A retrospective study of patient's records in three major hospitals in Baghdad was done. Thirty three cases of bacterial endocarditis were found and examined .The results indicated that (18%) of cases were preceded by dental procedures. Compliance with the guidelines on prevention of endocarditis is necessary for all at risk patients.
The Influence of Composite Type and Shade Selection on Depth of Cure of Light-activated Composites
Authors: Al- Aubi Isra’a A.
Published: August 2022

Background: This study investigated the influence of composite type and shade ondepth of cure of light- activated composites.Materials and methods: This study investigated the depth of cure of two compositematerials using two different shades. Parameters included two shades (A1 and C3) oftwo different light-activated composites(Helio Progress and King Dental) cured for 40seconds.Results: Statistical analysis of the data by using the one-way analysis of variancerevealed that, both composite type and shade significantly affect composite depth ofcure.Conclusion: This study indicated that, Although, both composite type and shade weresignificantly affect depth of cure but the effect of composite type on composite depthof cure is much more than that of composite shade.
Utilization of Orthopantomograms in Dental Radiology
Authors: Fattah Assit prof. Dr. Ahlam A.
Published: August 2022

Orthopantomogram is a radiographic technique that improves the possibility of early detection of dental anomalies.This study was representing a base line diagnostic information which obtained from each patient utilizes orthopantomogram in x-ray clinic at hospital of Surgeries Specialization (ALshaheed Addnan previously).Data was collected from randomly chosen 696 dentate patients who were radiographed for different reasons. The age range was between 5-45years.Results revealed that, the main reason for taking orthopantomograms was to investigate different orthodontic problems (41.4%), then impacted teeth (25%), facial fractures due to trauma (13.7%), mixed dentition development (11.5%), and finally periodontal diseases (8.3%). High percentage of patients was in range of age group between (5-15) (51.1%).This study focuses on the importance of using orthopantomograms as a most indispensable method on achieving complete diagnostic information.
Gingival recession at dental college hospital Al- Mustansiriya University; prevalence and effect of some associated factors
Authors: Badea Dr. Raed A.
Published: August 2022

The present study was conducted to investigate the occurrence of gingival recession in adults by age and gender in relation to their dental clinic attendance and frequency of tooth brushing. The sample of the study included adult subjects aged (30-69) years who attended Al-Mustansiriya dental college hospital seeking for different types of treatment. A total of (745) dentate subjects (390 males 52.3%) and (355 females 47.6%) were involved in the study. According to age, the sample was divided into four age groups (30-39, 40-49, 50-59 and 60-69). The study revealed that (57.18%) of the total subjects had at least one tooth surface with gingival recession. Recession was found in (63.07%) of males, and decreased significantly in females to (50.7%). The study showed that mean number of teeth with gingival recession per person for males was (7.7) teeth and (5.72) teeth for females. The mean number of teeth with gingival recession per person was (2.05) teeth for age group (30-39) years and increased significantly to (12.48) teeth for age group (50-59). The study also demonstrated that mean number of surfaces with gingival recession per person was (7.22) for age group (30-39) years and increased significantly with age to (30.14) teeth for age group (50-59) years. The total males reported higher mean surfaces than females (19.91) and (15.32) respectively. The results of the study revealed that the frequency of tooth brushing has a positive effect on the prevalence of gingival recession; while regarding the relation of dental clinic attendance, the subjects who attend the dental clinics regularly and irregularly had similar occurrence of gingival recession.
Effect of different impregnated gutta-percha points on post operative discomfort
Authors: Mehdi Dr. Jamal A.
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study was to compare levels of post operative discomfort after cleaning and shaping of root canals using intracanal medicaments. Two hundreds forty teeth requiring root canal treatment were included. At random, canals were cleaned and shaped with crown-down technique and then dried and one of the following medicaments was used. Group I: medicated with chlorhexidine containing gutta-percha points (Activ points). Group II: medicated with calcium hydroxide containing gutta-percha points and finally group III: with no medicaments. Access cavities were closed with a sterile cotton pellet and cavit. The patients recorded degree of discomfort of various time intervals after cleaning and shaping on a visual analogue scale for 72hr. A significant statistical difference was found in the degree of discomfort between the three groups.
The incidence of posttreatment pain using two different intracanal medicaments
Authors: Al-Zaka Dr. Iman M.
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of posttreatment pain to two medicaments placed in the root canal system. One hundred teeth belonging to 100 patients were included in this study. All teeth under went conventional root canal, which involved the instrumentation to the apices of each canal at the first visit. Canals were instrumented using a step-back technique and hand-files along with irrigant. The canals were dried and one of the following two medicaments was inserted into the canal: group I: Chlorhexidine- containing gutta-percha point; group II Calcium hydroxide- containing gutta-percha point. All teeth were temporized with intermediate restorative material. Patients' assessed posttreatment pain up to 48 hours as none, mild, moderate, or sever. The pain levels in each test group at each time period were compared statistically with Chi-square test, a significant difference was found in posttreatment pain between the two groups at 4h and 24h. No significant difference in posttreatment at 48h.
The effect of additives on the linear thermal expansion of Phosphate-bonded investment
Authors: Alsa'ady Dr. Ammar A. , Gholam Dr. Mohammed K.
Published: August 2022

One of the main considerations of the investment materials is there adequacy to expand thermally and by setting expansion to compensate for casting shrinkage, and any investment having zero setting expansion and adequate thermal expansion, by the use chemical additives and water instead of colloidal silica suspension would eliminate all inaccuracies arises from distortion of the wax pattern due to setting expansion.Thus the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of two alkaline metals as additives K2SiO3 and Na2SiO3, to enhance the thermal expansion of phosphate – bonded investment without the use of colloidal silica suspension.Three mixtures (45 samples) were prepared, mixture I of 15 samples contains Na2SiO3, Mixture II of 15 samples contains K2SiO3 in percentages of (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5) for each three samples of both (mixture I & II), and mixture III of fifteen samples as a control group without additives. The thermal expansion measured by vitreous silica dilatometer from 100 – 950 ºC.The results showed that the highest mean of thermal expansion was in samples that contain Na2SiO3, and the lowest mean of thermal expansion was in the control group samples.
Estimation of Erythromycin concentration In saliva of healthy volunteers
Authors: Abd ulla Dr. Hajer Ibrahem , Abed Dr. Hayder Hamed , Abdulla Dr. Ahmed Hayder , Helmi Dr. Raad M.
Published: August 2022

Erythromycin is an extensively used group of antibiotic medicines and dentistry. Clinical pharmacology for erythromycin in saliva was not clear until the time of this research. The evaluation was achieved by using suitable method (efficient, low cost, and reproducible). The purpose of this study is the determination of the erythromycin concentration in saliva.Methods:Ten Subjects were given orally a single dose of 500 mg erythromycin very 6 hours. Samples 0.5 ml saliva was collected into centrifuge tubes at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hrs after dosing. Samples were centrifuged and the superannuated were injected to HPLC using USP-27 method of assays (2).Results:The results of this study indicated that erythromycin concentration in saliva ranged from 0.11-0.29 μg. / mL. The other pharmacokinetic parameters are: the mean concentration of erythromycin C max 0.27±0.08 μg /ml, AUC 0-∞ 217.25±9.25 μg. h/ml, and Tmax. 7.28 ± 0.14 hr. and T 1/2 8.33±2.68 hr.Conclusion:There was possibility to detection of erythromycin in saliva The HPLC method provided successful methods for monitoring the erythromycin with a detection limit reach 0.06 ng / ml. The analysis method is sensitive, reproducible, low cost and efficient for low concentration. The detection of erythromycin in saliva represents the distribution of the drug in saliva and indicated the suitability for erythromycin in treatments of dental and oral infections