bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Association between Infectious Diseases, Mental Impairments, Violent Behavior, and Global Instability
Authors: Bransfield Robert
Published: February 2025

It is necessary to better understand and prevent all contributors to violence. A 2017 hypothesis stated--if a pandemic causing mental impairments increasing the risk of violence occurred, it could contribute to global instability. The association between infectious disease, mental impairments, violence, and global instability has never been adequately researched. A review is performed to evaluate all the facets of this possible association.

A sequence of events contribute to the association between infectious diseases and global instability. Degraded environments are conducive to emerging and expanding infectious diseases. Infections can alter brain functioning by immune-system mediated and other pathophysiological mechanism that can increase the risk of mental impairments contributing to mental illnesses and/or violent behavior. Parasites, particularly zoonotic and vector-borne, sometimes manipulate their host in a manner that propagates their survival (Manipulation Hypothesis). Through this, or other pathophysiology, infectious diseases can contribute to violent behavior in both animals and humans. When influential individuals or groups of influential individuals acquire infectious diseases that contribute to violent tendencies, it can have greater societal and global impact (critical mass dynamic). Infectious diseases are not equally distributed throughout the world. Countries and geographic areas with greater infections and vector-borne zoonotic disease burdens correlate with a higher prevalence of violence. In a global community, this can contribute to global instability.

Impairments from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic are associated with an increased risk of mental impairments and violent behavior. Global violence and instability have increased following the pandemic based upon changes in the Global Peace Index.

Although the data reviewed has limitations, evidence suggests infectious diseases, including the recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, may contribute to mental impairments with resultant increased risk of violence and global instability. A collaborative One Health research and intervention approach can help prevent violence both regionally and globally.
Oral Insulin – Harnessing the Natural Physiology of Glucose Control in the BodyOral Insulin – Harnessing the Natural Physiology of Glucose Control in the Body
Authors: R. C. Roger
Published: February 2025

The aim of this paper is to highlight the ideal prerequisites for an oral insulin formulation to exert its maximal effect, by delivering insulin via the portal vein directly to the liver. A description is provided of the resulting differences in the way in which oral and injected insulins act, in order to treat type 2 diabetes. Key among these differences is the ability of the liver to control its activity in accord with the glucose concentration in the bloodstream, as a result of insulin entering the liver via the portal vein, and stimulating generation of glucokinase. The advantages this confers on multiple aspects of treatment of patients (safety, dosing, reproducibility etc) are outlined in detail. Separately, the way in which insulin, administered via the upper intestine, may overcome insulin resistance is discussed. Finally, a case is made for oral insulin to be employed for treatment of type 1 diabetes, gestational diabetes, and for co-administration with certain other anti-diabetes agents.
Microbiological Techniques to Study Undue Strain Dominance Among Probiotic Bacteria in Order to Develop Compatible Multiple Mixed Probiotic Cultures to Prevent or Treat Diseases
Authors: Reddy Malireddy
Published: February 2025

In this investigation, suitable microbiological techniques and procedures were developed to study associative growth relationships among various probiotic cultures in order to maintain their intended component balance, without any one particular probiotic culture dominating others in a mixed culture by screening them ahead of time using several differential and selective bacteriological media to arrive at a highly-functional therapeutic pharmaceutical mixed probiotic culture. A simulated procedure has been developed mimicking the gradual pH transition of the human Gastro Intestinal tract starting from duodenum to the distal end of the colon. This procedure was developed to study the strain dominance phenomena of when mixed probiotic cultures are grown in a growth medium and sub-cultured through several transfers. The selection criteria applied is if a mixed probiotic culture that can maintain all its individual components through several transfers in the growth medium should be the choice of using it as a functional therapeutic probiotic blend. The results of the investigation proved that undue dominance does exist among strains of probiotics, which belongs not only to different genera, but also among members of the same species when they are grown together. The techniques outlined in this investigation can and has been applied clinically to study the composition of fecal Microbiota, to assess the GI tract health of the human being, and also to develop custom blends of proprietary pharmaceutically-superior therapeutic multiple mixed probiotic cultures to treat Dysbiosis, with choice than chance. The results also proved dominance among the members of mesophilic probiotic species of Lactococcus is more prevalent than thermophilic probiotics belonging to the genus Streptococcus and Lactobacillus. It illustrates that multiple mixed strain probiotic cultures have to be manufactured - for therapeutic purpose - only after determining their associative growth relationships in order to eliminate undue dominance of one particular probiotic culture over another in a mixed culture, and also subsequently in the GI tract of humans after ingestion. Using the microbiological techniques and procedures developed in this investigation, the compositions of novel mixed-strain probiotic cultures outlined in US Patent 11,077,052 B1 have been evaluated and proven that probiotic components used were compatible with no undue domination, thus successfully curing viral and bacterial infections through optimized Microbiota.
Gender Variations in the Clinical and Phenotypic Presentation of Right- Sided Heart Failure The right-side heart failure in women
Authors: Bakhsh Abeer , Shigair Shehana , Alshalan Abdulmajeed , Alkhalifa Khalid , Almeshal Mohammed , Alshablan Abdullah , Alsaleh Majid , Kheirallah Hatem , Alfonso Juan , Alyousef Ali Khalil , Mousa Zakaria , Samargandy Sondos
Published: February 2025

Right heart failure (RHF) is a complex syndrome and carries a worse prognosis. The studies are limited in identifying gender differences in clinical and imaging findings of RHF. Method: a retrospective review of patients presenting with RHF. Results: 966 patients were reviewed; women accounted for 570 (59%) of patients with RHF. The mean age was 57±16 years. The most common co-morbidity included diabetes 419 (43%), class II obesity 323 (33.5%), and atrial fibrillation 409 (42%). The heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) was the dominant phenotype 601 (62%). Women had more HFpEF 415 (72.8%), while men had more HF with reduced EF (HFrEF) 207 (52.5%). The mean left ventricle (LV) dimension was 5.2±0.8 cm, and the mean right ventricle (RV) dimensions were 4.2±0.8 cm. Men had more RV dilation than women with an RV end-diastolic dimension of 4.4±0.8 cm, while in women, 4.1±0.8 with a p-value <0.0001. The mean tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) was 1.4±0.5 cm, and the RV lateral wall s’ was 9±3. Men had more RV dysfunction, with TAPSE being 1.3±0.6 cm, while in women, it was 1.5±0.5 cm with a p-value of 0.002. The s’ of the lateral wall in men was 8.4±3 cm/s, while in women, it was 9.7±3.5 cm/s with a p-value of 0.004. Severe tricuspid valve (TV) regurgitation was more common in women 238 (41.7%). The TV intervention was equal for both genders. Conclusion: Women tend to have more HFpEF and a higher grade of TV regurgitation than men. However, men had more RV dilatation and dysfunction. Prospective studies will add to the understanding of the survival outcomes for men and women with RHF.
Non-infectious Endophthalmitis Associated with a Releasable 10-0 Monofilament Nylon Suture After a Trabeculectomy: First Case Report
Authors: Sharma Bhavesh , Sharma Ellora , Chakrabarti Monali , Sharma Tarun
Published: February 2025

Background: Non-infectious endophthalmitis related to suture material in cataract and corneal surgery has been widely reported in Ophthalmic literature. We report a very rare case of nylon suture related non-infectious endophthalmitis in trabeculectomy surgery.

Case presentation: We present a case of acute non-infectious endophthalmitis associated with trabeculectomy surgery. After emergency vitreous biopsy and subsequent broad-spectrum antibiotic and antifungal treatment, inflammation did not settle. Following negative culture and sensitivity reports, including PCR testing for any bacteria, virus or fungus, the ocular inflammation was controlled successfully with topical and systemic steroids, with an improvement in patient's vision. We present the photographic evidence of inflammatory exudate around the releasable suture on presentation and sequential photographs showing the resolution correlating with medications given.

Conclusions: This case highlights the importance of being vigilant against post-procedural infectious endophthalmitis. However, the possibility of non-infectious causes of intraocular inflammation should also be considered in any culture negative cases and managed appropriately with topical and systemic steroids.
Evaluation of the Effect of Team-Based Learning on Students’ Opinions and Learning in Distance Ethics Education in Nursing
Authors: Alp Fethiye , Karadağ Ezgi
Published: February 2025

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the teamwork-based learning method on ethics education in nursing. The population of the descriptive cross-sectional type of research consisted of the students of a Nursing Faculty who were taking an Ethics in Nursing class in the Spring semester of the academic year 2020-2021, and the sample consisted of the students taking this class who were willing to participate in the research. A Student Descriptive Characteristics Form and a Teamwork-Based Learning Method View Form were used to collect data, together with an Ethical problem Identification Form, which the students submitted after the teamwork. In this research, ethics cases suitable for the students were prepared according to the number of teams, the students were divided into teams and instructions given, and they worked on the cases. The reports submitted by the interactive teams, which were considered as purposive sampling, a qualitative examination method, were collected as data. The final test was applied with the teamwork view form. Numerical and percentage distributions, means and t-test analyses were used in the evaluation of quantitative data. The mean age of the participants was 19.60±1.12 years, and 58% were female. Students were enabled to report based on evidence and the literature ethical problems which they had taken as a team on the online education platform of the Ethics in Nursing class as a result of investigations. The ethical problems and solutions in the reports submitted by the teams were categorized under themes of ethics principles. According to the results of the teamwork view form at the end of the research, the items most agreed on by the students were “Working together with team members helps to develop the skill of problem solving”, 85.2%, and “Working as a team has enabled me to feel greater respect for the ideas of others”, 87.5%. With the team-based learning technique, students' ethical problem-solving skills regarding the cases analyzed by the teams under the supervision of a guide were developed, and the analyses contributed to the literature by examining themes of ethical principles and ethical values.
An Analysis of Training of the Remote Medical Provider and Recommended Standards
Authors: Christensen Jon , Kilgore James , Kaufman Travis , Gray Robert
Published: February 2025

This article summarizes the mindset, educational requirements, different training aspects, and specific treatment protocols that help establish the Remote Medical Provider (RMP) concept's baseline proficiency criteria and recommended institutional standards and provide a foundation resource for policymakers and academic leaders. The remote medical provider is any level of a practitioner who provides health care or service in a remote setting, defined as isolation from ‘routine’ healthcare service due to limited resources, physical distance, mission parameters, travel time, or sociopolitical constraints. A remote setting is described within these five disciplines: austere, disaster/humanitarian, expedition, military, and wilderness medicine. The remote medical provider requires a multidisciplinary knowledge base with an advanced skill set to deliver innovative treatment methods with limited diagnostic support or advanced services. The remote medical provider should also be well-versed in both independent duty care and collaborative telehealth - telemedicine. The remote medical provider requires competence in progressively higher levels of care with a seasoned level of understanding, responsibility, and resourcefulness. The remote medical provider needs to have an adaptive mindset, a robust public-global health perspective with cross-cultural understanding, and enduring resilience to the harshness of the environment.
Vanadium Enhancing Bone Healing: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Fisher Mark , Thornton James , Daniels Jason , Napoleon Darian , Kuklo Laura , Bello Deanna , Duchnycz Roman , Ippolito Joseph , Paglia David , Benevenia Joseph , O’Connor J. Patrick , S. Lin Sheldon
Published: February 2025

Bone fractures and defects present significant challenges in orthopedic medicine, necessitating effective therapeutic strategies to expedite healing and restore skeletal function. Vanadium, a trace element with insulin-mimetic properties, has garnered attention for its potential role in enhancing bone healing. The concept of using local vanadium supplementation in the context of systemic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, is not entirely new. Vanadium compounds, notably vanadyl acetylacetonate (VAC), have been recognized for their insulin-mimetic properties.1-5 In comparison to other orthobiologics like insulin and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), vanadium compounds are highly stable, free from storage and contamination concerns, and can endure high elevated temperatures.6 This allows for the potential utilization of vanadium surface modification of orthopedic implants. Prior research, outlined in this review report, shows that the use of VAC can accelerate the rate of fracture healing in non-diabetic rats.7,8 This review synthesizes current literature on the mechanisms through which vanadium influences bone regeneration, focusing on preclinical studies utilizing a rat model. Key findings suggest that vanadium promotes osteoblast differentiation, inhibits osteoclast activity, and enhances biomechanical properties of healed bone. Controlled release systems for vanadium delivery may hold promise in optimizing its therapeutic efficacy. Dosing and controlled delivery can mitigate safety concerns while optimizing healing. Future research should aim to elucidate molecular mechanisms, explore synergistic effects with other bioactive agents, and conduct clinical trials to validate vanadium's efficacy and safety in human bone healing applications.
Advanced Pulmonary Sarcoidosis in India: a single centre experience in North India
Authors: Bhattacharyya Pallav , Prajapat Deepak , Kumar Kanishka , Talwar Dhruv , Pahuja Saurabh , Prakash Anupam , Talwar Deepak
Published: February 2025

Background. Advanced sarcoidosis is a recently defined entity which needs to be elaborated in different geographical areas.

Methods. Retrospective analysis of records in a single north Indian centre is done on patients of advanced sarcoidosis.

Results. The disease was more common in females, non smokers, with mean age 55.91 ± 10.64 years and mean BMI of 28.05 ± 4.26 kg/m2. Majority patients were homemakers. Most common comorbidity was hypertension. Dyspnoea and fatigue were present in all. Radiologically, Scadding stage 4 was most common (70.27%). Septal thickening (100%), ground glass opacity (97.3%), traction bronchiectasis (75.68%) and nodules (70.27%) were typically present on HRCT chest. Lymph node station 7 was most frequently involved (97.3%), and cluster involvement of station 4,7,10 was the commonest (32.4%). Most common PET positive parenchymal entity was nodules (40%), followed by GGO (35%). Most common PET positive extra mediastinal lymph node was gastrohepatic (25%), and extra thoracic organ was salivary glands and spleen. Echo revealed pulmonary hypertension in almost half of patients. Diagnostic yield of non caseating granuloma was highest in TBLB (83.33%) followed by EBUS (74.28%). As regards lung function, diffusion capacity was reduced in all patients. Spirometry revealed mixed pattern in 43.24%, obstructive pattern in 21.63% and restrictive pattern in 32.43%.

Conclusions. Indian experience is somewhat different from data on available global experience. More studies from different parts of the country are required.
Anti-apoptotic Proteolysis Targeted Chimeras (PROTACs) in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Njoka Muturi , Kamath Divya , Bossmann Stefan
Published: February 2025

Targeted protein degradation is an emerging approach for novel drug discovery and basic research. Several degrader molecules have been developed including PROteolysis-TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs), specific and nongenetic Inhibitor of APoptosis protein (IAP)-dependent Protein ERasers (SNIPERs), IAP antagonists, deubiquitylase inhibitors, hydrophobic tagging molecules, and E3 modulators. The chimeric degrader molecules PROTACs and SNIPERs are made of linking a target protein-ligand to an E3 ubiquitin ligase binding ligand. This modular nature of these chimeric molecules supports versatile protein targets by substituting target ligands. They induce ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of the target protein in the cytosol via recruiting an E3 ubiquitin ligase to the target protein. The bridging of the target protein and the E3 ubiquitin ligase facilitates ubiquitylation of the protein and its proteasomal degradation. PROTACs chimeric molecules recruit von Hippel–Lindau or cereblon ubiquitin ligases, while SNIPERs induce simultaneous degradation of cIAP1/2 or XIAP together with the target proteins. Several B-cell Lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) family anti-apoptosis proteins BCL-2, BCL-XL, and MCL-1 are validated anticancer targets and are upregulated in various malignancies. Also, aberrant expression of cIAP1/2 and XIAP with a concomitant increase in apoptosis resistance has been reported. The dysregulation of BCL2 and IAP gene expression in cancer disease is mainly caused by upregulation of the bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins. Degradation of the cellular anti-apoptosis proteins mentioned is a promising approach to induce apoptosis in tumor cells and overcome treatment resistance. Various types of protein degradation strategies have been developed and used. This article overviewed various chimeric compounds capable of inducing the degradation of anti-apoptosis proteins BCL2, BET, and IAP in cancer treatment.
Bits and pieces in Maxillofacial abnormal bone fusion and malformation
Authors: Tuwairgi Othman
Published: February 2025

Introduction: The Timing of surgical intervention when considering the crinofacial and cleft defect is somewhat contrevesical as such some practicians would rather delay the procedure to gain growth and prevent soft tissue scaring.

Argument and contra argument: In This note our argument is That earlier intervention is the best predicted and significant approach. on the other hand, the contra argument could not be beneficial anymore especially after the new knowledge of the theory of the cascade growth waves.

Conclusion: Earlier intervention and surgical repair is the Best approach as the growth cascade is significant and important for the patient social and financial outcome.
Corn inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense associated with poultry litter fertilization
Authors: Vitto Deise Cadorin , Guimarães Vandeir Francisco , Cecatto Junior Roberto , Hoscheid Alisson Rodrigo Steffens
Published: February 2025

The use of organic fertilization can have a great contribution to the physiological and chemical aspects of plant leaves, and can be aided by the use of microorganisms that promote greater use of soil nutrients. In this work, the objective was to study the gas exchange and foliar N, P, and K contents of corn as a function of seed inoculation with A. brasilense associated with poultry litter fertilization. The work was carried out in the field in two areas, with a randomized block design, in a 2x6 factorial scheme. The first factor was the inoculation of seeds with A. brasilense and control without inoculation. The second factor was six doses of poultry litter, defined as a function of the nutrient content in the soil and in the poultry litter: 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250% of the recommended dose for each area. In both areas, gas exchange indexes were evaluated, such as photosynthetic rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs), leaf transpiration rate (E) and water use efficiency (WUE), as well as analysis of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the leaves. Seed inoculation with A. brasilense decreased the photosynthetic rate of corn leaves and increased the phosphorus content in leaf biomass when compared to the control treatment. The doses of poultry litter increased the phosphorus and potassium contents of the leaves. The maximum foliar P content was reached with the dose of 5830 kg ha-1 of poultry litter.
Multiple comparison and clustering statistical tests in the software RBio for lettuce and maize crops
Authors: Smaniotto Alex Oliveira , Silva Bruna Elaine de Almeida , Maia João Pedro , Braz Magno Gonçalvez , Freitas Neto Juliano Henrique de , Cruz Simério Carlos Silva
Published: February 2025

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency and uniformity of multiple comparison tests when compared to clustering test applied in the software RBio. The evaluations were carried out using data of agricultural experiments conducted by the authors, in the experimental field of the Federal University of Goiás. The data analyzed were from three experiments conducted for lettuce and maize crops: the first was conducted in a completely randomized design; the second in a randomized block design; and the third in a randomized block design with split-plot arrangement. The evaluation of the data collected in the lettuce and maize crops was carried out using the software Rbio. The data were subjected to analysis of variance by the F test at 5% probability. The means were compared by multiple comparison (Tukey, Duncan, and Student-Newman-Keuls), and clustering (Scott-Knott) tests. The lower rigor of the Tukey, Student-Newman-Keuls, and Duncan tests results in higher incidence of type I error, and the ambiguity allowed by them generates difficulties in the interpretation of results. Considering that the Scott-Knott test does not allow for a mean to belong to more than one group and it has higher rigor, which generates a lower incidence of type I error, it is the recommended test for the studies evaluated.
Use of restaurant food profits in nilotic tilapia feeding
Authors: Deminicis Bruno Borges , Mendonça Pedro Pierro
Published: February 2025

Aquaculture is the fastest growing sector in food production, however spending on feed, which can reach up to 80% of the total cost of production. In an attempt to solve this problem, one of the options would be to substitute traditional ingredients for alternatives, in an attempt to minimize the final cost of the feed. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate levels of inclusion of restaurant waste in the productive performance, in Nile tilapia, for this purpose 300 juveniles were used. The experimental design used was completely randomized, with four treatments, with performance with five replications and digestibility with three. The treatments consisted of four isoproteic and isoenergetic diets, with different levels of inclusion of the restaurant meal bran (0, 5, 10 and 15%). In conclusion, the inclusion of meal from restaurant waste at different levels did not affect the performance of the animals in the 45 days of the experiment.
Remote sensing in the leaf spectral characterization of the Hesperozygis ringens, an endangered species
Authors: Pinheiro Carlos Garrido , Mallmann Caroline Lorenci , Pereira Filho Waterloo , Heinzmann Berta Maria
Published: February 2025

Hesperozygis ringens is a species that stands out for the production of essential oil. No reports on the leaf spectral characterization of the species have been found. This study aimed to determine the reflectance pattern of Hesperozygis ringens leaves with the aid of Remote Sensing. Therefore, a spectroradiometer that operates in the continuous spectral range from 400 to 900 nm of the electromagnetic spectrum was used, with a resampled precision of 1 nm. The reflectance measurement was collected in situ. Four records were obtained. A spectral curve was created from the means of measurements in each sample. In the blue region, reflectance values between 0.0116696 and 0.0399550 were found. In the red region, the reflectance oscillated between 0.0438487 and 0.1095826. In the green region, the reflectance values ranged between 0.0405677 and 0.1001319. In the near-infrared region, the oscillation of reflectance values occurred between 0.1163483 and 0.4655269. The results indicate the effectiveness of the use of geotechnologies to carry out the spectral characterization of the H. ringens leaf.  Further studies are expected to identify and monitor plant populations with Remote Sensing.
Selection of large beans coffee genotypes for cercosporiosis and coffee leaf rust resistance
Authors: Gurdian Ali Romero , Honda Filho Cássio Pereira , Pereira Dyanna Rangel , Azevedo Harianna Paula Alves de , Carvalho Samuel Pereira de
Published: February 2025

The development of disease resistant coffee cultivars is of paramount importance to increase grain yield and decrease production costs. The lack of information on how the new cultivars resist the attack of diseases and pests is a limiting factor in the selection of the best cultivars. Thus, the objective of the present work was to select superior genotypes of the Big Coffee VL group for resistance to Hemileia vastatrix and Cercospora coffeicola. The experiment consisted of 18 progenies pre-selected from a group of 100 genetic materials, for the trait of productivity. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design, with six blocks and one plant per experimental plot, totaling 108 individuals. The selected coffee plants were evaluated for 10 months for injuries caused by coffee leaf rust and brown eye spot using commonly used diagrammatic scales. During the evaluated months, the genotypes G10, P32 and M22 were more tolerant to rust and brown eye spot. Thus, they are good candidates for genetic improvement programs with the objective of producing larger grains and adding resistance to the main diseases of arabica coffee.
Wheat cultivars with agroecological management in the West of Paraná State
Authors: Seidel Edleusa Pereira , Fey Emerson , Souza Junior José Barbosa de , Augusto Júlio , Costa Neumárcio Vila Nova da , Barilli Diandro Ricardo
Published: February 2025

The agroecological wheat crop in western Paraná is an excellent option for crop rotation, contributing to the quality of the no-tillage system. In this way, the present study aimed to evaluate the agronomic characteristics, the productivity of six wheat cultivars in the agricultural year 2021 cultivated in the West of Paraná in an agroecological system. The experiment was carried out between June and September 2021. Six genotypes were used: TBIO Audaz, TBIO Toruk, BRS Belajoia, ORS Madrepérola, ORS 1403 and UTF 18. The cycle of these cultivars is early to medium. Crop management was carried out in the agroecological system. For fertilization, 8 t ha-1 of chicken litter and the super-lean fertilizer were used. During the maturation period, the production components and grain yield were determined. As a result, it was found that during the crop cycle there was a water deficit which compromised the development of the crop. The highest hectoliter weight was found in the cultivar BRS Belajoia (77.7). In the present work, no cultivar reached the hectoliter weight to be classified as type 1. The highest hectoliter weight was found in the cultivar BRS Belajoia (77.7); however, in the present work, no cultivar reached the hectoliter weight to be classified as type 1.
Reference values for assessing the nutritional status of soybean crops in Mato Grosso
Authors: Silva Camilla Sena da , Coelho Ana Paula de Freitas , Lisboa Cristiane Fernandes Lisboa , Neves Júlio César Lima
Published: February 2025

The objectives of this study were: a) to determine the reference values (standards) macro levels and micronutri loved, useful to the assessment of the balance sheet at Kenworthy method b) to assess the nutritional status of soybean crops in the degree of balance and obtain the potential for response to fertilization for nutrients. The work was carried out based on a database of leaf nutrient content and grain yield of 763 soybean crops in Mato Grosso, Campo Novo dos Parecis region, covering different agricultural years, cultivars, soil textures and time of use area with soybean culture. Considering macronutrients, on average 69,7% of low productivity crops are in the normal class, while for micronutrients this percentage is lower, 60.9%. N is the most frequently found nutrient in crops (83,2%) while Cu (49,8%) is the least frequent in the normal class. 78.3% of the crops have an adequate nutritional balance. Mg, P and Ca in the group of macronutrients and Cu, Mn and Zn in terms of micronutrients are those for which there are greater expectations of gains in crop productivity in response to fertilization.
Main palm heart-producing species cultivated in Brazil
Authors: Duarte Ana Carolina Oliveira , Amaral Marina Milanello do
Published: February 2025

Among the most targeted species for obtaining palm hearts, Euterpe edulis, popularly known as Juçara palm hearts, stands out and is threatened with extinction. The rational use of other palm trees for the production of palm hearts has been one of the alternatives to reduce the pressure of exploitation on the juçara palm: Archontophoenix alexandrae, Bactris gasipaes, Euterpe oleracea. This narrative literature review aims to discuss the four main palm tree species in Brazil. It is noted that despite the risk of extinction, there is still illegal and clandestine extraction of the Euterpe edulis species. The species of the same genus, E. oleracea, has significant cultivation in the northern region, but mainly due to the use of the fruit. Archontophoenix alexandrae is an exotic species that has adapted well to Brazil, and I offer a quality palm heart in the Brazilian market. The most cultivated species today is peach palm, it has advantages such as high tillering and shorter cultivation time.
CONTENT OF GROSS PROTEIN, FIBER IN NEUTRAL DETERGENT, PRODUCTION OF AERIAL AND ROOT DRY MATTER OF MARANDU GRASS AND MOMBAÇA GRASS UNDER THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF HUMIC SUBSTANCES
Authors: Deminicis Bruno Borges , Deminicis Renata Gomes da Silveira , Dobbss Leonardo Barros , Lista Fábio Nunes
Published: February 2025

Humic substances (HS), composed of humic acids, fulvic acids and humin, are the main components of soil organic matter and originate from biochemical transformations of compounds such as lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, sugars, amino acids, etc. The effects of humic substances in plants are related to the increase in the absorption of nutrients, due to the influence on the permeability of the cell membrane and the chelating power, as well as photosynthesis, the formation of ATP, amino acids and proteins. Humic substances directly alter the biochemical metabolism of plants and, consequently, can influence their growth and development. However, studies on the use of SH in forage plants and pastures are scarce. In order to optimize the use of humic substances for tropical grasses, it was carried out in pots in a greenhouse. Humic substances were extracted from vermicompost, according to the International Society of Humic Substances (ISHS). For the application of humic substances, a humic solution was produced by diluting the concentrated solution in water at concentrations of (0; 12.5; 25 and 50%), and the solution was applied with a sprayer/hand sprayer (300mL). The experimental design used was completely randomized in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme (two forages, four SH doses), with 5 replications. At 45 days, the plants were cut, separating them into shoots and roots. The samples were removed from the oven for determination of dry matter, crude protein and NDF. The leaves and roots of the samples were, after weighing (for green matter) and before drying, digitalized to determine leaf area and leaf area index. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and regression at a 5% level using the "F" test. The estimates of the regression parameters were evaluated by the "t" test at a 5% significance level. The objective was to evaluate the leaf area, shoot and root yield of Brachiaria brizantha (Syn Urochloa brizantha), cv. Marandu and Panicum maximum (Syn Megathyrsus maximus) cv. Mombasa subjected to different doses of humic substances. The best doses of humic substances verified in the present study, for better yield of the shoot and root, were 50% for cv. Mombasa and 25% for cv. Marandu.
EFEITOS NO DESENVOLVIMENTO E NA PRODUTIVIDADE DA SOJA (GLICINE MAX. L) SEMEADA NA ENTRESAFRA
Authors: Kolesny Vitor Mateus , Pimentel João Roberto , Szareski Vinícius Jardel , Souza Velci Queiróz de , Aumonde Tiago Zanatta , Pedó Tiago
Published: February 2025

The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of different sowing times on plant height and yield of soybean seeds produced in two consecutive years and in two seasons in the off-season period. The experiment was carried out in an open field, at the Federal University of Pelotas, in the municipality of Capão do Leão, RS. The experimental design was completely randomized. In order to evaluate growth attributes and yield characters, the plant height, number of pods, seeds per plant, seed production, number of seeds per pod. Sowing at different times of the off-season affects in a different way the production of soybean seeds. Sowing at the end of February negatively affects plant height and soybean seed production in relation to sowing in early January.
Rhizogenesis in black raspberry stem cuttings: interaction between substrates and lesions at the base of the cuttings
Authors: Villa Fabíola , Silva Luciana Sabini da , Silva Giordana Menegazzo da , Silva Daniel Fernandes da , Friederich Jussara Carla Conti , Cavalcante Mateus Lopes Borduqui
Published: February 2025

The black raspberry tree has a great potential for cultivation in Brazil, as it produces large amounts of fruit, intended mainly for the processing of fine products. However, its propagation is an obstacle to the establishment of commercial plantations. Given the above, the objective of the present work was to evaluate rhizogenesis in stem cuttings, with the interaction between substrates and types of basal cuts. The experiment was conducted in a screened condition in the Institution itself. Stem cuttings were taken from mother plants in the orchard of the experimental farm. The experimental design used in the experiment was randomized blocks, consisting of a 4x2 factorial scheme, with four substrates (sand, rice husks, commercial substrate and earth) x two basal cuts (straight and bevel). After thirty days, the percentage of rooted cuttings (%), average number of roots and shoots per cutting, length of the largest root (cm) and fresh and dry biomass of the shoot and root system (g) were evaluated. Black raspberry can be propagated asexually, with cuttings without injuries at the base and rooted in gully soil or Plantmax®.
Rock powder as a tool in the production of arugula seedlings in substrates
Authors: Chiomento José Luís Trevizan , Maurer Daniela Kalb , Beber Mariana Leindecker Costa , Magnanti Rafael Gabbi , Goettems Vicente , Trentin Thomas dos Santos
Published: February 2025

The interaction between rock powder and substrates in arugula and the amount to be used of this remineralizer are not elucidated. Thus, the objective of the study was to investigate whether substrates associated with rock powder interfere with the phytometric morphology of seedlings and to understand the effect of remineralizer proportions, added to commercial substrate, on the development of arugula seedlings. We performed two experiments. In experiment I, the treatments were three substrates in the absence and presence of rock powder (30% of the container volume), designed in randomized blocks, with three replications. In experiment II, the treatments were six rock powder proportions (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% of the container volume), designed in randomized blocks, with three replications. In experiment I, the seedlings produced in the substrate Horta 2® had better phytometric quality. In experiment II, shoot fresh mass and seedling root volume increased until the addition of 15% rock powder to the Horta 2® substrate and decreased with proportions of 20% and 25%. It is concluded that substrates with greater water retention enhance the quality of seedlings. Increasing the proportion of this remineralizer up to 15% of the container volume improves aerial biomass and root volume of arugula seedlings.
Seed and seedlings quality of Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan harvested in Paraná State, Brazil
Authors: Cruz Maria Soraia Fortado Vera , Malavasi Marlene de Matos , Ristau Ana Carolina Pinguelli , Malavasi Ubirajara Contro , Dranski João Alexandre Lopes , Braz Hannah
Published: February 2025

The place of harvest influences the quality of the seeds and, consequently, the quality of the seedlings formed. Thus, the work aimed to quantify the influence of harvesting place on the physiological potential of seeds and on the quality of A. colubrina seedlings. The lots refer to the seed harvesting locations, Marechal Cândido Rondon (MCR), Diamante D’Oeste (DO) and Santa Helena (SH). The design was completely randomized. For seed quality, the thousand weight, percentage, average germination time (AGT) and germination speed index (GSI), dry seedling mass (DSM) and respiration rate (RESP) were evaluated. For seedling quality, height, stem diameter, shoot, root and total dry biomass, Dickson quality index, and root electrolyte loss were evaluated. For the DO+SH, the unfolding of the correlations indicated the AGT as the most influential characteristic, both with a direct and indirect effect on the basic variables, that is, seedling quality. Additionally, it is noteworthy that the characteristics evaluated stem diameter, total dry mass of the plant and root electrolyte loss, proved to be good indicators of the quality of seedlings of A. colubrina, presenting themselves quite responsive in the correlation analysis. The place of harvest influenced the quality of seeds and seedlings of Anadenanthera colubrina, with the distinction of origins into two groups: seed lot from MCR and DO+SH. Germination attributes contributed to explain the effects of seed lot quality on seedling quality and can be used to select better quality seeds and seedlings.
Ecological anatomy of wood from Guarea kunthiana A. Juss. (Meliaceae)
Authors: Baldin Talita , Nunes Sâmara Magdalene Vieira , Santos Emmyle Katterine Souza , Dias Thalles Loiola , Barauna Edy Eime Pereira , Nisgoski Silvana
Published: February 2025

Light and water availability are determining factors for variations in the anatomical and morphological characteristics of wood. In view of the above, the aim of this work was to carry out an anatomical-ecological analysis of the wood and leaf morphology of Guarea kunthiana A. Juss. (Meliaceae), occurring in the Cavernas do Peruaçu National Park (MG), to understand the plant-environment interactions and how these interactions affect the anatomical characteristics of the wood. For this purpose, three trees were selected considering the difference in botanical patterns of leaves and tree size, the distance to the watercourse that enters the cave and the incidence of light on them. Wood was collected from each sample nondestructively at DAP, from leaves at random heights and from light intensity. Anatomical characterization was then carried out using histological and macerate slides. To compare the morphological aspects of the leaves, the blade length, blade width, length/width ratio and blade area (A²) were determined. All characters were correlated using Spearman analysis to verify the influence of the environment on wood anatomy. The anatomical components found are common to the genus and family; proximity to watercourses has a greater influence on the number of anatomical elements than does light intensity. There is a strong association between leaf blade area and wood anatomy. It is concluded that the G. Kunthiana has anatomical adaptations for mesomorphic environments.
ESTABLISHMENT AND GROWTH OF LIPPIA GRACILIS SCHAUER CULTIVATED UNDER DIFFERENT IN VITRO CONDITIONS
Authors: Lazzarini Luiz Eduardo Santos , Pacheco Fernanda Ventorim , Santiago Alexsandro Carvalho , Coelho Adriane Duarte , Bertolucci Suzan Kelly Vilela , Pinto José Eduardo Brasil Pereira
Published: February 2025

The objective of this study was to evaluate the explant type, its position and the culture medium used for the establishment and in vitro culture of Lippia gracilis. For the establishment experiment, the treatments were: two types of explants (apical and nodal) taken from two cultivation environments (field and greenhouse), and inoculated in two types of culture medium (MS and MS/2). Half of the salt concentration and the use of explants from a greenhouse reduced the rates of contamination, oxidation, and necrosis in the in vitro establishment of Lippia gracilis. In order to verify the influence of the explant position, the treatments consisted of explants horizontally or vertically inoculated. For the evaluation of sucrose in the culture medium, the concentrations of 7.5; 15; 30 and 60 g L-1 were tested, while for salt concentration, the treatments consisted of 4 different salt concentrations: ¼ MS; ½ MS; MS and 2MS. The sucrose concentration of 30 g L-1 and ½ MS culture medium showed the best growth results for the species. Although the production of dry matter was reduced in this concentration of salts, the plantlets were more vigorous to proceed to acclimatization. Therefore, the inoculation of explants in a horizontal position in ½ MS culture medium, supplemented with 30 g L-1 of sucrose is recommended for in vitro cultivation of L. gracilis.
 Keywords: Carbohydrates, culture medium, micropropagation, salts, tissue culture.
Antioxidant activity and physicochemical characteristics of lulo (Solanum quitoense) fruit cultivated in Brazil
Authors: Laureth Jessica Cristina Urbanski , Carraro Bianca Pierina , Paulus Cristiane , Cordeiro Noélle Khristinne , Braga Gilberto Costa
Published: February 2025

Underused crops have been expanding in the market due to their nutritional and antioxidant characteristics. Lulo, or naranjilla, can be considered an underused crop because it is grown on a small scale in Colombia and has high nutritional value. The edaphoclimatic conditions of cultivation of this fruit can influence its post-harvest characteristics. Thus, the objective of the work was to evaluate the antioxidant activity and the physicochemical characteristics of lulo fruit obtained from cultivation in Brazil. The post-harvest variables analyzed were antioxidant activity by ABTS, DPPH, FRAP methods, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, lycopene, β-carotene, ascorbic acid, and physicochemical characteristics of acidity, soluble solids, and ratio. The FRAP antioxidant activity method showed 81.40 mg Ferrous Sulfate g-1 (dry mass), ABTS 57.00 mg Trolox g-1 (dry mass) and DPPH 14.40 mg Trolox g-1 (dry mass). The flavonoids contents were 1.00 mg Quercetin g-1 (dry mass), which is considered low. Lulo fruit showed to be a good source of β-carotene (7.00 mg 100 g-1), lycopene (3.57 mg 100 g-1) and ascorbic acid (57.71 mg 100 g-1). The fruit is acidic (2.29 g Citric Acid 100 mL-1), with low soluble solids content (5.12%) and low ratio (2.25). This work showed that the lulo fruit obtained from cultivation in São Paulo (Brazil) is a potential source of natural antioxidants and can be interesting for the processing and diversification of Brazilian products.
City Diplomacy Toward the Attainment of UN SDGs: Quezon City, Philippines (2019-2023)
Authors: P. Agustin Ma. Regina
Published: February 2025

Since 2019, Quezon City (QC) has actively sought to address sustainability partly through international activities. Meanwhile, the Philippines has been stagnating in the achievement of the UN SDGs. By contextualizing Kuznetsov’s (2015) paradiplomacy framework using a review of digital archival data from official government websites and reputable news outlets, this study argues that QC pursued international activities related to the UN SDGs with the help of an encouraging international and regional environment that provided opportunities for cities to participate in sustainability efforts, supportive national development directives and legal frameworks, and Mayor Belmonte’s dedication to sustainability. Furthermore, QC facilitated international activities through the creation of departments on climate change and sustainable development. These aided in Paradiplomacy activities on sustainability, which include (1) membership in international city networks, (2) participation in campaigns or commitments towards the achievement of goals related to sustainability, (3) participation in international fora and knowledge-sharing on the issue area, (4) city-to-city cooperation, and (5) partnerships with other organizations. In response, the national government has reaffirmed the role of local government units in the achievement of global goals in the realm of the environment and sustainability.