bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potato Leafhopper Control on Red Kidney Beans, 1978
Authors: Robbins P. S. , Webb D. R. , Eckenrode C. J.
Published: March 2022

Each treatment consisted of two 50-ft rows bordered on each side by 2 untreated rows and planted in a randomized complete block design. Each cultivar was planted in a separate plot on May 31. The treatments of granular soil insecticides were applied 2 inches offset from the row and 2 inches deep on Jun 16 using a hand pushed cone seeder. Three different sprays of Sevin were made: a spray applied weekly for the full season, a spray applied weekly for the first half of the season only, and a spray applied weekly for the second half of the season only. Applications were made using a gasoline engine-powered, hand pulled 2-row sprayer delivering 61 gallons H2O/A with 3 flat fan nozzles (8002)/row. The bean rows were planted 32 inches apart. Adult potato leafhoppers were counted at 2 and 6 days after spraying on each treatment using a hand sweep net (50 sweeps/treatment). Nymphs were counted at 2 days after spraying by counting the total number of nymphs on 50 trifoliate leaves/treatment. Yields were determined by harvesting and thrashing a 10-ft section of each treatment and then calculating the bushel/A yield. The plots were sprayed 9 times between Jun 27 and Aug 22.
Snap Beans, Mexican Bean Beetle Control, 1978
Authors: Linduska James J. , Hochmuth Robert C.
Published: March 2022

‘Contender’ snap beans were planted in double row plots 20-ft in length on May 23, 1978. Each plot was buffered on either side by 2 untreated guard rows. The distance between rows was 3 ft. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Spray treatments were applied on Jun 30 with a wheel-barrow-type sprayer using CO2 for spray discharge. The spray boom was equipped with drop nozzles and each row was covered by 3 nozzles. All treatments were mixecT with 1.5 gal of water and applied at the rate of 25 gal/A with 40 psi. Plots were rated on Jul 4 by counting the number of Mexican bean beetle larvae/10-ft of row. Yields were taken on Jul 12 by harvesting 2, 10-ft sections/treat/rep. At harvest time a sample of 150 beans/treat/rep were examined for European corn borer injury.
Imported Cabbage Worm and Cabbage Looper Control with 10-Day Interval Spray Program, 1978
Authors: Libby J. L. , Longridge J. L.
Published: March 2022

Experimental plots consisted of 2 rows each 54-feet long, with 36 inches between rows, at 14-inch plant spacing. Each treatment contained 4 replicates in a randomized complete block design. Transplants were set on Jun 14 at the University of Wisconsin Research Farm, Arlington, Wl. Sprays were applied on Jul 9, 20, 31, Aug 10, and 20 by a tractor drawn boom sprayer delivering 60 gallons of spray per acre. Insects were counted by dissecting heads in the field on Aug 24. The crop acceptability field rating was conducted Aug 25.
Aphid Control on Cabbage Using Foliar Sprays, 1978
Authors: Wellik M. J. , Slosser J. E.
Published: March 2022

‘Superette Y. R.’ variety cabbage was field-seeded on Mar 10 at the TAMU Vegetable Res. Sta., Munday, TX. Plots consisted of 6 rows, 30-ft long, on 40-in centers (3 rows on each side of a row of overwintered cabbage) and were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates. Endosulfan 75W was sprayed on Mar 19 at 2.0 lb ai/acre, in 14.0 gal water/acre, to control a severe infestation of flea beetles, Epitrix spp. A laboratory bioassay was begun on Apr 28 due to lack of aphid infestation. Five field leaves/treatment from plots sprayed 2 hours earlier at 27.4 gal water/acre were infested with 10 green peach aphids collected from kohlrabi. Counts were made 3 and 7 days after application. Leaves were reinfested after the 3-day count. A field infestation began May 12 and aphid numbers increased rapidly thereafter. The first foliar application was made on May 18 and the second on Jun 13. All sprays were applied with a pressurized hand-drawn sprayer equipped with cone nozzles (10X) which delivered 29.0 gal water/acre. Insect counts were made on 10 plants/plot chosen at random from the center 2 rows. Yield samples (0.001 acre) were taken from each plot on Jun 28. Percent control calculations for the bioassay and field tests were made according to the method of C. F. Henderson and E. W. Tilton, 1955, J. Econ. Entomol., 48:157-61. Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at the 0.05 probability level was used to determine differences between percentage control values.
Control of Alfalfa Looper and Western Yellowstriped Armyworm Larvae on Peas, 1978
Authors: Halfhill J. E.
Published: March 2022

Darkskin Perfection peas were planted in 5 by 20-ft 8-row beds with 7-inch interrow spacing on Mar 28‘78.at Yakima, WA. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replicates (beds). Treatments were applied on Jun 23 using a rear-mounted boom sprayer fitted to a JD 420 tractor travelling at 2.75 mph. An air pressure of 60 psi applied 40 gpa through D2-13 “TEEJET” nozzles mounted 11 in. apart on the boom. The boom height was adjusted to provide maximum coverage of the foliage. The beds were sprayed between 0600 and 0800 in near or dead calm airflow. The efficacy of the treatments was determined by examining the foliage and the soil beneath the removed plants in a 4- by 4-ft section near the ends of each bed for insects, 72 h after treatment, that is, at 4 days before harvest.
Wireworm Control on Potatoes, 1978
Authors: Lee Moon-Hong , Sastrosiswojo Sudarwohadi , Radcliffe Edward B.
Published: March 2022

‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted May 22-3 at the University of Minnesota Rose-mount Agricultural Experiment Station. The field had been in alfalfa the previous 2 years. The soil type is a Waukegan silt loam. Plots were 2 rows, 45-ft long, spaced 40-inches apart, and randomized in complete blocks with 5 replications. The insecticides were applied by hand in 8-inch-wide bands on the center of the rows and incorporated prior to planting. No insecticidal sprays were applied all season. Potatoes were harvested Sep 30, washed, counted, and scored for wireworm damage.
Insect Control on First Cutting Alfalfa, 1980
Authors: Cuperus Gerrit W. , Radcliffe Edward B.
Published: March 2022

Treatments were applied Jun 11-12, to 4th year alfalfa in 60 x 27 ft plots in a randomized block design with 3 replications and evaluated 1 day later. Treatments were applied with a tractor-drawn boom sprayer delivering 27 gal/acre at 100 psi. Insect populations were sampled Jun 12 and 13, 100 pendulum sweeps/plot. Alfalfa height was ca 26 in. at time of treatment. All treatments gave significant control of insects sampled. No phytotoxicity was noted.
Potato Leafhopper and Alfalfa Blotch Leafminer Control, 1980
Authors: Hower Arthur A.
Published: March 2022

Tests were conducted at the Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station farm at Rock Springs, Centre County. Insecticide sprays were applied June 24 for the leafminer to 28 x 28 ft plots and July 30 for the potato leafhopper to 40 x 40 ft plots in a randomized complete block design with untreated checks in 4 replications. Alfalfa was 6 to 8 in tall at treatment. Spray concentrates were applied in 30 gal water per acre at 50 psi with a small plot boom type sprayer. Potato leafhopper densities were estimated from 20 pendulum sweep sam-ples taken randomly across each plot with a 15 in dia heavy duty insect net. Alfalfa blotch leafminer control was determined from the number of mined leaves in 10 stems randomly collected across each plot. Both leafhopper and leafminer density were evaluated weekly during 28 days post treatment. Alfalfa yield was determined from 2 - 83.5 ft2 samples taken per plot. Harvest occurred I day after the final insect samples were collected in each trial.
Alfalfa Weevil Control, 1980
Authors: Klostermeyer Lyle E.
Published: March 2022

Experimental insecticides were applied to an established alfalfa field at the Middle Tennessee Experiment Station, Spring Hill, TN on Apr 9. Furadan 4F and Imidan were included as standards. Plots were 18 x 20 ft, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticides were applied at the rate of 25 gal/acre at 30 psi with a CO2-powered boom sprayer mounted on bicycle wheels. Five pendulum sweeps were taken with a 15-in dia insect net in each plot weekly from treatment to harvest. Pretreatment mean was 1.5 alfalfa weevil larvae per 5 sweeps. Yields were taken on May 8 from a 5-ft swath cut out of the center of each plot. Weather information was taken from the experiment station.
Efficacy Trials with Insecticides at Planting for Stalk Borer Control, 1980
Authors: Gesell Stanley G.
Published: March 2022

Corn was planted with a no-till planter on May 16 in 30 in rows. The field located near Belleville, Mifflin County, PA was in corn the previous year, but still contained numerous clumps of orchard grass on which eggs of the stalk borer were frequently found. It was chisel plowed and disced lightly (minimum tillage) before planting. Treatments were single x 200 ft rows arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Granular formulations of insecticide were applied, via planter mounted applicator, in a 7 in band in front of the press wheel. The Orthene seed treatment was applied to the seed several days prior to planting.
Effect of Ovicides on Bollworm Control on Cotton, 1980
Authors: Lentz Gary L.
Published: March 2022

Stoneville 213 variety cotton was planted April 23 on Vicksburg fine sandy loam at the West Tenn. Expt. Sta., Jackson,TN. Four-row plots, 35 ft long, were replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block design. The entire plot area was sprayed Aug 1 with methyl parathion (1.0 lb ai/acre) to remove beneficials and encourage a bollworm outbreak. The number of bollworm eggs counted in terminals exceeded the recommended threshold level on Aug 11. Insecticides were applied Aug 11 with a 4-row boom at the rate of 9.4 gal of mixture per acre (3 mph, 40 psi, 3 Delavan HB 4 70° nozzles per row) with a CO2-pressurized system mounted on an IH 660 high clearance sprayer. Because of drought conditions, plants were not attractive for bollworm moth oviposition and further applications were not required. The two center rows of each plot were machine harvested Sep 19 and Oct 7. Yield data were subjected to analysis of variance.
Ovicide-Larvicide Combinations for Bollworm Control, 1980
Authors: Lentz Gary L.
Published: March 2022

Stoneville 213 variety cotton was planted May 2 to Memphis silt loam soil at the Ames Plantation, Grand Junction, TN. Four-row plots, 35 ft long were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. The plot was side-dressed on July 1 with 1.5 lb ai/acre of Temik to encourage a bollworm outbreak. The number of bollworm eggs and larvae in terminals exceeded the economic threshold Aug 7. Insecticides were applied Aug 7 and 14 with a 4-row boom at the rate of 9.4 gal of mixture per acre (3 mph, 40 psi, 3 Delavan HB 4 70° nozzles per row) with a CO2-pressurized system mounted on an IH 660 high clearance sprayer. Because of drought conditions, plants were not attractive for bollworm moth oviposition, and further applications were not required after the second. Seasonal pressure by the bollworm was considered light. The two center rows of each plot were machine harvested Oct 3 and 17. Yield data were subjected to analysis of variance.
Chemical Control of the Cotton Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm, 1980
Authors: Price Richard G. , Young Jerry H. , Ree Bill , Pinkston Ken , Peden Martha
Published: March 2022

Pioneer Brand 4789A was planted on May 12 at the South Central Research Station, Chickasha, Oklahoma at 20 lb/acre. Eight-row plots, 200 ft long, replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design were used. Spray applications were made with a John Deere Hi-Cycle 6000 sprayer traveling at a speed of 4.0 mph at 40 psi. The John Deere spraying unit was replaced with a Marco system equipped with a roller pump powered by a 3 horse power Briggs and Stratton gasoline engine. Insecticide applications were applied on July 17 and Aug 12 using a Dempster fertilizer attachment,. Granules were dispersed with a Noble granular chemical applicator. The first application was knived in approximately 3 to 6 in from the base of the plants. The second application was dropped onto the soil surface approximately 3 to 6 in from the base of the plants. Plots were irrigated seven times at weekly intervals during the test with approximately 1 in of water at each irrigation. The first irrigation took place on July 22. Rainfall during the treatment period was as follows: Aug 21, 0.28 in; and Aug 29, 0.28 in; for a total of 0.6 in. Daytime and nightime temperatures were extremely high during the entire test. Daytime temperatures were generally over 100° F while nightime temperatures were in the 80 to 90° F. Damage was estimated by collecting at random 100 fruits prior to spraying from the upper one-third of the plants in each plot. Heliothis populations were light to moderate during the testing period. Heliothiszea (vs H. virescens) were as follows: July 29, 93%; Aug 4, 91%; Aug 11, 89%; Aug 18, 43%; Aug 25 67%;and on Sept 2, 63%. Yields were determined by picking burr cotton from 40 row ft per plot from each replicate and converting to pounds of lint per acre. Plots were harvested on Nov 11.
Chemical Control of the Tobacco Budworm, 1980
Authors: Lentz Gary L.
Published: March 2022

Tifton Exp. No. 1 strain of Dolichos lablab was planted May 1 at the West Tennessee Experiment Station, Jackson, TN. Four-row 30 ft plots were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticides were applied with a 4-row boom at ffie rate of 9.4 gal of mixture per acre, 3 mph, 40 psi, 3 HB 4 70° nozzles per row, with a CO2-pressurized system mounted on an IH 444 tractor. One application was made Aug 20. Evaluations were made Aug 26 by taking a 15-sweep sample from each of the two center rows. Insect counts were subjected to analysis of variance and means separated by Duncan’s multiple range test.
Laboratory Evaluation of Granular Insecticides Applied as A Paddy Water Broadcast for Brown Planthopper and Green Leaf-Hopper Control on Rice, IRRI, 1979
Authors: Heinrichs E. A. , Valencia S. L.
Published: March 2022

Insecticides at the rate of 0.75 kg ai/ha were placed in porcelain pots containing 35-day-old plants. Twenty adult females of each species were caged on a plant at 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 days after treatment (DT). Insect mortality was recorded at 48 hr after caging.
Laboratory Evaluation of the Ovicidal Activity of Insecticides Against the Brown Planthopper When Applied as Foliar Sprays on Rice, IRRI, 1979
Authors: Heinrichs E. A. , Valencia S. L.
Published: March 2022

Two gravid brown planthoppers were caged and allowed to oviposit on 25-day-old rice seedlings for 48 hours. Each treatment consisted of a single cage replicated four times. Cages were removed and the potted plants placed on a turn table and sprayed. All insecticides were applied In a spray volume of 6.25 ml/plant (1000 l/ha) and at a rate of 0.75 kg ai/ha except permethrin which was applied at 0.25 kg ai/ha.
Fall Armyworm Control in Whorl-Stage Sorghum, 1980
Authors: Gardner Wayne A. , Schwehr Robert D.
Published: March 2022

DeKalb C42Y was planted on July 10 by conventional tillage methods on a McKinnon Farm in Forsyth, Georgia. Sprays were applied on Aug 12 with compressed-air sprayers calibrated to deliver 60 gal per acre at 30 psi. Plots were 6.1 m x 3 rows and were separated by 1 untreated row or 1-m alley. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Larval populations were estimated by counting larvae on plants within a 3 m section of the middle row of each plot.
Control of Soybean Looper on Soybeans, 1980
Authors: Bass Max H. , Rohlfs W. Mitchell , Stephenson Jimmy
Published: March 2022

Soybean test plots were 0.01 acre, replicated 4 times, and randomized. Sprays were applied with a CO2 pressurized sprayer delivering 10 gal of mixed spray per acre. Counts of live looper larvae were made 24 hr after treatment from a total of 12 ft of row from the middle two rows of each plot using the plant-shake ground-cloth method. Two tests were conducted.
Efficacy and Effects of Guthion and Pydrin Applied from Aircraft on Selected Non-Target Arthropod Predators for Sugar-Casle Borer Control, 1979
Authors: Hensley S. D. , Gaudin G. R. , Finger C. K. , Sanford J. W.
Published: March 2022

Guthion and Pydrin applications for full-season sugarcane borer (SCB) control were applied to sugarcane (plant cane crop, Cultivar CP 65-357) in a large-plot field trial located on Little Texas Plantation near Napoleonville, LA. A randomized complete block experimental design with treatments replicated 6 times was employed. Individual plots ranged in size from 2.8 to 3.2 acres. Treatments consisted of an untreated control, guthion applied at 0.75 lb ai/acre and Pydrin applied at 0.10 or 0.20 lb ai/acre. All insecticide concentrates were applied in water to the plant canopy at a rate of 2 gal finished formulation/a per application. Insecticide applications were initiated after sugarcane inter nodes were first visible above ground and when 5% of the stalks (x per plot) harbored small (lst-to 3rd-stage) SCB larvae in leafsheaths. Applications were repeated only when that level of infestation was found again in guthion-treated plots. All insecticide treatments ceased in early fall when SCB infestations no longer posed a threat to the sugarcane crop. Two applications of each insecticide formulation were made one month apart (August 22, September 21). Ongoing populations of non-target (ground associated) arthropods were sampled by placing two pitfall traps 150 ft apart on the center row of each plot. Each trap consisted of a 1-pt jelly jar imbedded in the soil at ground level and partially filled with a solution composed of 3 pt erhanol plus 1 pt mineral oil. A 9 in dia metal disk on a tripod was placed 1 in above ground level over each trap to exclude rain and debris. Accumulated trapped arthropods were removed biweekly from July 7 to October 5. Residual efficacy of insecticide treatments was determined at crop harvest time (October 9) by examining 100 stalks randomly selected from each treated or untreated plot for the presence of SCB-bored inter nodes.
Control of Banded Sunflower Moth Injury in Sunflower, 1980
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Johnston Richard L. , Radcliffe Edward B.
Published: March 2022

Sunflowers were planted Jun 10 at the Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount, MN. Plots were 48 x 50 ft, arranged randomly in 3 replications along the flight path of the aircraft. Sprays were applied Jul 15, 21, 28, Aug 5, 19, and 26 with a fixed-wing agricultural aircraft delivering 5 gal/acre at 33 psi. Populations were light in all plots and were largely dominated by the banded sunflower moth. Twelve heads were randomly collected from each plot on Sep 12 and examined for seed injury.
Apple, Aphicide Tests, 1980
Authors: Horsburgh R. L. , David P. J. , McCaffrey J. P. , Ponton L. F.
Published: March 2022

Four test compounds plus a water control were applied (run-off) on Jun 23 to four randomly selected trees per treatment in the historical variety orchard at Steeles Tavern, Va. The compounds were evaluated for their control of green aphids (species not yet verified). All treatments were applied at 14.06 kg/cm2 (200psi) with a hand gun on a truck-mounted SwansonR sprayer equipped with a 132.49 litre/min (35 gpm) pump.
Eastern Tent Caterpillar Control with Bendiocarb on Wild Cherry, 1978
Authors: Kathy J. , Surles W. Wayne
Published: March 2022

Four dosages of bendiocarb were compared with an Orthene standard. Caterpillars were 0.75 inches long on treatment date, April 12 at La Crosse, Virginia. Individual colonies were counted, labelled and then treated by use of hydraulic manual sprayers. Materials were applied to the point of runoff. Caterpillar counts were made before application and at periods of 24 and 48 hours post treatment. A control was sprayed with water.
Apple, Effectiveness of Several Pesticides at 6X Concentration Applied to Alternate Middles in Controlling Apple Pests, 1980
Authors: Horsburgh R. L. , Ponton L. F. , McCaffrey J. P. , David P.J.
Published: March 2022

Each pesticide, or pesticide combination, was applied to two rows of 6 year old apple trees on as close to a weekly schedule as possible. Application was with a Swanson air blast sprayer calibrated to deliver 25 gpa (233.55 liters/ha) from each side, at 2 mph (3.22km/hr) and 100 pst (7.02kg/cm2) pump pressure. Sides of the trees sprayed were alternated on each successive spray date after bloom (May 22 and thereafter). Each treatment and the control contained four trees (16 total) of each of the cultivars Triple Red Delicious, Yellow Delicious, Commander Red York and Double Red Stayman. All plots were sprayed (one side only) on Apr 8, 25, May 12, 22, 28, Jun 4, II, 18, 25, Jul 2, 9, 16, 24, 30, Aug 6, 13. Fruit yield was much reduced by two severe frosts of 26°F (-3.34°C) and 24°F (-4.45°C) during bloom. This reduced the reliability of fruit injury data since the same fruit was counted on successive sample dates out of necessity. Effectiveness of the materials was evaluated against several pests as follows: fruit damage was evaluated by counting injuries per 50 apples (where possible) on each of four trees of each of four cultivars. For analysis data from each cultivar were combined. Terminal injury by apple aphids was recorded as number infested out of ten terminals per tree for 16 trees per treatment (four trees of each of four cultivars). Mites and mite eggs were sampled by collecting 20 leaves per tree from each of 4 trees of each of 4 cultivars, brushed onto glass plates and counted with a binocular microscope following the Henderson-McBurnie method. Data were recorded as mites or mite eggs per leaf.
Pyrethroid Phytotoxicity Tests on Greenhouse Floriculture, Georgia, 1980
Authors: Oetting Ronald D.
Published: March 2022

Twenty-two species grown for commercial pot plant pro-duction were evaluated for phytotoxicity resulting from applications of 4 formulations of Pramex and 2 formulations of SBP-1382. Experiments were conducted between May and Nov at the GA Exper Sta, Experiment on raised greenhouse benches. A treatment block consisted of 5 115 mm pots of a plant species grown in Metro-Mix 300. The treatments were SBP-1382 24.3% EC, SBP-1382 7% EC, Pramex 27.58% EC, Pramex 13.3% EC, Pramex-Piperonyl butoxice (12%-48%) EC, and Pramex DX Spray, Three rates of each treatment were applied, a normal rate and 2X and 4X that rate. Applications were made to the point of run-off with a hand CO2 sprayer at 35 psi utilizing a 8003 nozzle. Two applications of the Pramex formulations were 7 days apart. Three applications of the SBP-1382 formulations were at 7 day intervals. Plants were observed weekly for phytotoxicity and evalauted on a scale of: 0 = no damage, 1 = slight damage, 2 = moderate (affects marketability), and 3 = severe (unmarketable). Untreated checks of each species were maintained to aid in evaluating phytotoxicity.
Screening Two Insecticides for Phytotoxicity on Selected Greenhouse Plants and Trees, 1980
Authors: Ree Bill , Pinkston Ken , Price Richard , Peden Martha
Published: March 2022

Two separate tests were conducted to evaluate Deltic 2.4 EL at 5.2 lb ai/100 gal of water and Knox-out 2 FM at 8.0 lb ai/100 gal of water for phytotoxicity of selected greenhouse plants and trees. The first test was conducted in the horticultural greenhouses on campus at Oklahoma State University in Stillwater, Oklahoma. Treatment was made with a two gallon B & G stainless steel sprayer at 20 psi. Plants were treated to runoff. Both chemicals were applied to 9 single plants (6 inch pots) which consisted of geraniums, coleus, poinsettia V-14, poinsettia C-l and zinnia and to 18 combination flat plantings of prayer plant, dracaena, heart leaf, arrowhead, neatha bella palm and snake plant. Treated plants were compared to a single check plant of each species. The check plants were treated with water to runoff. The greenhouse temperature at the time of treatment was 70°F and during the observation period averaged 68 F (nighttime temp.). The plants were watered before treatment and then received water as needed during the test period {approximately every 4 days). The plants were checked at 4, 7, 14 and 28 days for phytotoxicity. Three days after treatment the poinsertiae (V-14’s and C-l’s) showed leaf cupping/wrinkling and slight discoloration; however, the C-l’s showed the most severe reaction. This condition existed for the remainder of the test. At 7 and 14 days after treatment the zinnias treated with Deltic showed slight marginal leaf burn but this condition had virtually disappeared at 28 days. Three days after treatment the prayer plants showed leaf cupping and leaf browning. This condition existed for the remainder of the test and was slightly more severe on the plants treated with Deltic. Three days after treatment all of the dracaenas showed leaf tip burn. This condition persisted for the remainder of the test. Three days after treatment the neatha bella palm showed leaf curling and leaf tip burn. This condition remained throughout the observation period. The remainder of the treated plants and check plants did not show any signs of phytotoxicity.
Chemical Control of Black Cutworm on Turf in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania,1980
Authors: Heller Paul R. , Shetlar David J.
Published: March 2022

Four treatments were applied to a bentgrass tee Aug 6. Plots were 5x5 feet and replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Sprays were applied in 1 gallon of water with a hand-held sprinkling can. Air temperature at time of application was 76°F, soil temperature 78°F. Four square foot samples were examined from each plot Aug 13 by applying a mixture of ‘Diagnostic Aid’ and water with a sprinkling can and counting the number of larvae that emerged.
Control of Bagworms on Lawn Grass
Authors: Stevens Larry M. , Kikuchi Rosalie , Dela Sandra
Published: March 2022

The bagworm which prefers a grass diet is an ornamental pest on walls later In the life cycle. Dipel was tested for control of the bagworms on lawns. Lawns adjacent to infested house walls were sprayed using an Ortho sprayette sprayer. Six houses were chosen randomly, and one wall from each was randomly designated a spray wall and the opposite was a control wall. Spray dates were July 3, August 3, and September 11. Bagworm infestation was initially assessed on July 3 to determine the pre-application average number of bagworms per wall and subsequent counts were post-application. Bagworms were always removed from the walls after a count and returned to the lawn area.
Ethylene Dibromide Residues in Fruit Fumigated for Quarantine Treatment Against the Caribbean Fruit Fly, 1979-80
Authors: King J. R. , von Windeguth D. L. , Burditt A. K.
Published: March 2022

Various fruits were fumigated with ethylene dibromide (EDB) in a 50 ft3 chamber for 2 hours, aerated 1 hour via an exhaust blower, and stored. A temperature of about 75°F was maintained during all stages via air conditioning. EDB was applied either at a dose level of 8 ov/1000 ft3, which is the level currently used commercially as a quarantine treatment for grapefruit being shipped from Florida to Japan, or at 16 ov/1000 ft3 in the case of fruits for which no effective dosage has been established. Samples of fruit were taken at various intervals after fumigation and assayed for residues of EDB by using steam distillation for separation and purification and gas chromatography with an electron capture detector to quantitate. Inorganic bromides were not determined. The data (see table) indicate that the amount of EDB absorbed and retained is highly dependent on both the type of fruit fumigated and the amount of fumigant applied.
Field Tests for Control of German Cockroaches with Killmaster Slow-Release Insecticide, 1980
Authors: Gold R. E. , Ballard J. B.
Published: March 2022

Field evaluations were conducted to test the hypothesis that the “slow-release” lacquers in Killmaster would extend the efficiency of Dursban beyond that demonstrated for comparable concentrations of emulsifiable concentrate formulations. The study sites were low Income housing units under the management of the Omaha Tribal Housing Authority, Macy, Nebraska beginning Sept. German cockroach populations pretreatment estimates were made by using 3 sticky traps (distributed by Mitsuboski Boeki, Inc) placed in the residences for 1 night. A trap was placed under the kitchen sink, behind the stove, and behind the toilet in each residence. Traps were removed and the number of German cockroaches per trap were recorded. A cockroaches/trap/night value was calculated for each housing unit. All insecticide treatments were applied using a 3.81 B&G hand sprayer operated at 1,4 kg/cm2 utilizing a multitip nozzle set for a fan spray. Evaluation of the efficacy of the treatments was accomplished by trapping in the original locations for 1 night at 1,2,3,6,9, and 12 months post treatment. A cockroaches/trap/night was calculated for each post treatment interval and was compared to pretreatment population levels. Results of treatment were expressed as mean (X) percent (%) reduction.
Ear Tags for Control of Horn Flies on Beet Cattle, 1980
Authors: Mullen G. R. , Hinkle N.C.
Published: March 2022

Three types of insecticide-impregnated ear tags were evaluated for control of horn flies on beef cattle at Auburn University’s Black Belt Substation, Dallas Co., AL: Rabon (13.7% DDVP), Atroban (10% permethrin) and Ectrin (6% fenvalerate). A herd of 30 Herefbrd-Angus-Simmental-Charolais brood cows and their calves was used as an untreated check. Cows in a second brood herd of identical size and composition were treated by installing one Atroban tag/every second head. Each of 3 groups of 23 Hereford-Angus-Simmental cows (2-3 yr olds with calves at side) were treated with one Atroban tag/every animal, every second animal, and every third animal, respectively. Three similar groups of 23 cows with calves at side were treated with Ectrin utilizing the same tagging ratios. No calves were tagged in any group. Calves in each of these groups were weaned in late Jul. Rabon tags were installed at a rate of 2 tags/head in 24 of 48 Hereford-Angus steers enclosed with 4 steers/plot (ratio of tagged to untagged =1:1) in a linear series of 12 adjacent l-acre plots. Mean pretreatment fly counts on May 8 ranged from 4 to 278 flies/head with a mean of 98 flies/head in the check herd. Fly counts were made at weekly intervals from May 8 to Oct 16; data for the 1st and 3rd weeks of each month are presented in the table. The degree of control shown is based on the mean number of flies/head in each treatment compared to mean counts taken in the untreated check herd.
Swine Barns, Evaluation of Atroban (PERMETHRIN) Treated Cords for House Fly Control, 1979
Authors: Herald Freddie , Knapp F. W.
Published: March 2022

Two swine barns with heavy house fly populations were selected to test 3% Atro ban-treated orlon yarn cords for house fly control in early August. Three foot lengths of cords were suspended vertically from the ceiling of each barn. One cord was suspended for every 70 ft2 of surface area In one barn and at 1/140 ft2 in the other barn. A similar swine barn in the area served as an untreated check. House fly populations were monitored twice weekly during the first 3 weeks and weekly thereafter. The number of fly specks left overnight on 2 x 11 inch white paper strips plus the number of adult flies resting on 1 M2 areas were used in evaluating the results.
Swine, Sarcoptic Mange Control, 1979
Authors: Roberts James E. , Kondratieff Brois
Published: March 2022

Testing was conducted in Cumberland Co., Virginia, during the period of Mar’79 thur June’79. Experiments evaluated Kemolate (GX-118) for control of contagious sarcoptic mange. TX-118 is a code name for an 11.6% phosmet (Prolate) formulation which contains one pound of active ingredient per gallon. One inch scrapings were taken from inside the ears, flanks and the pastern areas and examined microscopically for mange mites. A 1:49 dilution was applied to six Yorkshire gilts weighing approximately 150-160 lb. A four gallon compressed air sprayer operating at approximately 30 psi was used to apply the material. A second test was conducted as a repeat of the original. Approximately 16 oz of mixture was applied to each animal spraying thoroughly inside the ears, flanks, and pastern areas.
Apple, Rosy Apple Aphid Insecticide Test, 1980
Authors: Hull Larry A. , Starner Van R.
Published: March 2022

The Insecticides were applied by 2 methods. The first method utilized a John Bean high pressure sprayer equipped with a 35 gpm pump and the trees were sprayed to run-off with each tree receiving approximately 7 gallons of water. The second method utilized a Friend Airmaster 393 airblast sprayer which was calibrated to deliver 50 gallons/acre (full spray) of water driven at 2mph. Refer to the table for the method and time of applications. Each treatment was applied to a 2-tree plot in a randomized block design with each plot consisting of a Rome Beauty and Stayman tree. Each treatment was replicated 3 times. Effectiveness of the materials on the rosy apple aphid was evaluated by examining the entire tree and determining the number of infested clusters, the number of infested leaves, and the number of Injured apples/tree. A leaf or cluster was considered infested if it contained one or more live aphlds.
Apple, Insect Control, 1980
Authors: Reed D. K. , Mouzin T. E.
Published: March 2022

Tests were conducted on 20-yr-old, semi-dwarf apple trees, cultivars Red Delicious and Golden Delicious. Plots were arranged so that 4 replications, 2 plots of 2 Golden Delicious trees and 2 plots of 2 Red Delicious trees, were treated. Untreated buffer trees between plots provided protection from drift. Trees were sprayed to runoff (26.5 litres/tree) with a hand gun at 28.1-35.2 kg/cm2 at 2-week intervals beginning May 15 and terminating Aug 27 for a total of 8 applications. Fruit damage rating was determined from 200 fruit picked at random (where available) from each treatment and examined for damage once during the season and once at harvest. For mite counts 40 leaves per replicate were collected the day before scheduled pesticide applications, the leaves brushed, and eggs and adult mites counted.
Cranberry, Orthene Efficacy and Residue Test, 1980
Authors: Mahr D. L.
Published: March 2022

Plots were in a commercial cranberry marsh near Warrens, Wl, which had had a previous history of parathion treatment. The test was primarily to obtain residue data, but application dates were aimed at controlling spanworm and fireworm. Plot size was 10 x 10 ft (3.05 x 3.05 ml). Plots were replicated three times in a completely randomized design. Materials were applied to completely wet the foliage with a Solo Knapsacksprayer 425. Treatment dates for efficacy trials were 19 Jun, II Jul, and I Aug. Residue plots were treated separately. Spanworm and fireworm larvae were sampled with a sweepnet, 20 sweeps/plot, Fruitworm damage was assessed by counting all damaged and undamaged berries in four 0.1 m2 random subsamples in each plot (subsamples averaged approx. 90 berries each).
Full Season Evaluation of Acaricides for Rust Mite Control, 1980
Authors: French J. Victor
Published: March 2022

Two rates each of the experimental acaricides, FMC 35001 and UC 55248, were compared to chlorobenzilate and Ethion for efficacy against citrus rust mite (CRM). A 20-year-old grapefruit orchard (16 x 22 ft tree spacing) was utilized; treatments were arranged In a randomized block design with 3 replicates, each consisting of 2 rows of 6 trees, i. e. 36 trees/treatment. Treatments were first applied on Apr 22 and reapplied on Jul 17 and Oct 8 using a commercial airblast sprayer. Speed of the sprayer was I mph with nozzle adjustment and pressure regulated to apply 250 gal/acre. CRM counts in Apr and May were on leaves (lOO/replicate) and thereafter on fruit (100/ replicate) using a lOx handlens with a l-cm2 grid. At harvest 100 fruit/treatment were evaluated for CRM damage and expressed as percent russet. i.e. fruit with damage severe enough to be downgraded to US #2 fresh or process fruit.
Lemon, Citrus Red Mite Control, 1980
Authors: Tuttle D. M. , Mullis C. H.
Published: March 2022

UC 55248 and NC 22683 at 0.5 and 1.0 lb ai/a were compared with Ethion and Omite for control efficacy of citrus red mite. Treatments were applied Feb 29 with a John Bean Sprayer equipped with a pistol-type spray gun. A rate of 5 gal/tree was applied at 400 psi (5 x 60 trees = 300 gpa). All motile stages of mite are included in figures of table recorded 5, 10, 17, 25, 31, 46, and 66 days after treatments.
Foliar Sprays to Control Corn Earworms in Lima Beans, 1980
Authors: Linduska James J.
Published: March 2022

‘Bridgeton’ lima beans were planted in double row plots, 25 ft in length, on Jul 10 ’80. Each plot was buffered on either side by 2 untreated guard rows. The distance between rows was 3 ft. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Spray treatments were applied on Sep 11 and 17. All spray treatments were mixed in 10 gallons of water and applied with a custom built row crop sprayer. Each of the center 2 rows was covered by 3 drop nozzles delivering 50 gal/A at 90 psi. The soil type was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. Plots were rated on Sep 23 by harvesting 100 pods/treat/rep and recording the percent pods with corn earworm injury. Yields were, also, taken Sep 23 by harvesting a 25 ft section of row for each treatment in each rep. The beans were run through a commercial viner and the pounds shelled weight were recorded.
Evaluation of Insecticides Against Root Feeding Insects on Transplanted Cabbage, 1980
Authors: Simonet D. E.
Published: March 2022

Cabbage was transplanted on May 1, ’80 in a commercial field in Erie County, Ohio. Two row plots 30’ long on 30” centers with a 12” in-row spacing between transplants were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied on May 2, 1980 with a hand held CO2 sprayer designed to apply a directed spray of 100 gal/acre at 40 psi through a 9505E nozzle. Soil type was a silt loam, pH = 6.2, and organic matter = 2.3%. All treatments were applied only once and were evaluated on June 3, 1980 by digging 20 plants/plot, and counting the number of wireworms, cabbage maggots, and tunnels.
Collard Insect Control, 1980
Authors: Sorensen Kenneth A. , Johnson Eric M.
Published: March 2022

‘Morris Heading’ collards were transplanted on Aug 11, near Benson, NC. Treatments consisted of single-row plots 15 ft long. They were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design with 5 ft alleys between blocks. Six maintenance sprays of Dipel (at 0.25 ai/acre) and Lannate 1,8L (at 0.25 ai/acre) were made prior to the start of the test. Applications were made on Oct 20, 27 and Nov 3 for all treatments except Ambush (both rates) which were applied Oct 20, 22, 24, 27, 29, 31, and Nov 3 and 5. All sprays were applied at a rate equivalent to 100 gallons of water per acre using a 2.5 gallon CO2 pressurized hand sprayer operated at 40 psi with a single hollow cone nozzle. Worm counts were made on 3 plants per plot on Nov 4. The data on diamondback moths, imported cabbageworms, and cabbage loopers were pooled for statistical analysis. Worm damage evaluations were also made on Nov. 4.
Apple, Pre-Bloom Aphid Treatments, 1980
Authors: Cobb Leonard J. , Poe Sidney L.
Published: March 2022

Test materials were applied to 5 year old Red Delicious apple trees using a Bean 35 gallon per minute hydraulic sprayer operating at 300 psi. Single tree plots were used and replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block design. Oil sprays were applied at delayed dormant stage, Apr 10, and other materials were applied at the pink stage of bud development, Apr 22. Spray materials used throughout the season include Polyram, benomyl, captan, Dithane, Thylate, azinphosmethyl, phosalone, and Karathane. Rosy apple aphid populations were evaluated on May 29 by counting all colonies visible on each tree.
Control of Caterpillars in Peas, 1980
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Radcliffe Edward B.
Published: March 2022

‘Green Giant 510’ peas were planted May 25 at the Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount, MN. Plots were 21 x 50 ft, randomized in complete blocks with 3 replications. Treatments were applied Aug 1 with a tractor-drawn boom sprayer delivering 27 gal/acre at 100 psi. Plots were sampled Aug 5 by examining all the area within a 4 x 8 ft rectangle placed 3 times within each plot.
Foliar Sprays for Control of Colorado Potato Beetle, 1980
Authors: Johnston Richard L. , Radcliffe Edward B. , Cuperus Gerrit W.
Published: March 2022

Experiments were conducted near Glyndon, MN, using ‘Kennebec’ potatoes. Treatments were applied to single row plots, 30 ft long, with 36-in row spacing, using a hand-operated compressed air sprayer delivering 100 gal water/acre at ca. 40-50 psi. Experiments were randomized in complete blocks with 3 replications. Each time sprays were applied to previously untreated potatoes. Counts were made of all Colorado potato beetle larvae present on all plants in each plot, prior to and 24 hours after treatment. Egg-hatch was still occurring at the time of the 1st application of spray treatments, so some larvae emerged after application of the insecticide accounting for the increase in beetle numbers in the check. At the time of the 2nd application of spray treatment most larvae were full-grown and many were leaving the plants to pupate in the soil accounting for the decline in larval numbers in the check.
Potato Tuberworm Control in Potatoes, 1980
Authors: Van Steenwyk R. A. , Hayashi J. T.
Published: March 2022

An experimental potato planting (Kennebec variety) was made on Jun 3 at Moreno Valley Field Station, Riverside, CA. Insecticide treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. The replicates were 8 rows wide (32-inch centers) by 70 ft long with a 5-ft buffer between replicates. Insecticides were applied at 2-wk intervals from Jul 31 through Oct 9 (6 applications). Insecticides were applied by handheld spray equipment (Arimitsu sprayer) with 3 nozzles per row at an operating pressure of 50 psi and delivery rate of 20 gal/acre. Nozzles were hollow cone, Dl orifice, 13 core and 50-mesh screen. All treatments included 0.04% spreader/sticker (Biofilm). Five stems/ replicate were inspected weekly from Aug 6 through Sep 19 for larvae and mines without larvae. The 2 center rows/replicate were harvested on Oct 22. Tubers were inspected for potato tuberworm damage. Data was analyzed by Duncan’s multiple range test at 5% level of probability. ‘An arcsin transfor-mation was performed on the percent infested white tuber data before analysis.
Aphid Control with Soil Applied Systemic Insecticides, Grand Rapids, Mn, 1980
Authors: Wildung David K. , Radcliffe Edward B.
Published: March 2022

Systemic insecticides were applied as in-furrow split-band treatments to ‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes planted May 9-13 at the North Central Experiment Station, Grand Rapids, MN. Soil type was a loamy sand with low organic matter. A sidedress application of Temik, 1 lb ai/acre, was applied Jul 3 as split bands along the sides of the hill. Plots were 12 rows wide, 625-ft long, with a 40-in row spacing, arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Beginning Jul 8 all plots were sprayed with azinphosmethyl, 0.5 lb ai/acre, at 2-wk intervals to reduce the number of aphid natural enemies. Aphid apterae were counted from 35 mid-plant leaves/plot on Jul 17, 16, Aug 10, and 20. Plots were harvested Sep 24-29.
Apple, Timed Leafroller Treatments, 1980
Authors: Cobb Leonard J. , Poe Sidney L.
Published: March 2022

Treatments were applied to fullgrown semi-dwarf York trees with a Bean 35 gallon per minute hydraulic sprayer operating at 300 psi. Treatments consisted of 5 single tree replicates in a randomized complete block design. Trees were sprayed to runoff. Populations of VL and TABM were monitored by use of pheromone traps and visual inspections of egg masses so that sprays could be applied at peak egg hatch. Applications of the test materials were made for first generation leafrollers on Jun 25 and Jul 7 and for second generation on Aug 22 and Sep 2. Guthion 50W 1.5 lb/A (100 gal/A cone) was used as the standard seasonal insecticide and was applied on May 12, 23, Jun 4, Jul 16, 29 and Aug 12. Plictran was applied on Jun 23 and Omite on Jul 16 and 29. One application of Lannate L 24 oz/A + Dipel WD .8 lb/A was applied on Sep 23 to prevent additional leafroller damage. Other pesticides used include benomyl, Polyram, Ethion oil, captan, thiram, streptomycin, Dithane, Karathane, Manzate, Phosphamidon, and Phaltan.
Insect Control on Tomatoes in Florida, 1981
Authors: Schuster David J. , Everett Paul H.
Published: March 2022

Transplants were set Mar 4, 18 inches apart on 3 ft wide by 6 inch high beds of Immokalee fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Plots consisted of 10 plants and were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied Mar 25, Apr 1, 9, 15, 22, 29, May 6 and 13 with a Solo motorized mist blower which was operated at 1300-1400 rpm (20-25 mph air velocity) and delivered 120 gpa. On May 14, the number of leafmines of the vegetable leafminer were counted on the terminal 3 leaflets of the fourth fully expanded leaf from the top of each plant/plot. The number of undamaged fruit and those damaged by the southern armyworm, tomato pinworm, and southern green stink bug were counted in a single harvest on May 20. After harvest, 5 plants/plot were cut and shaken and the numbers of stink bugs and larvae of southern armyworm, tomato pinworm and cabbage looper were counted.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Insect Pests of Tomatoes, 1981
Authors: Waddill Van
Published: March 2022

Plots were direct seeded Jan 9 in Rockdale soil. Plots were thinned to one plant per foot. Each plot was a single row on 6 ft centers, 15 ft long. Normal cultural practices were followed using black plastic mulch and overhead irrigation. There were 4 replications per treatment in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied weekly from Feb 20 to May 8 for a total of 12 applications. Treatments were applied with a tractor mounted sprayer with 5 nozzles per row, 250 psi, and in 100 gal of water per acre. On Apr 1 the number of live vegetable leafminer larvae per leaf (third fully expanded leaf from the terminal) were counted on 10 randomly selected plants per plot. Mature green to ripe fruit were harvested on Apr 30 and May 13. The percent southern armyworm damaged fruit was determined by examining 25 randomly selected fruit per plot on each date. The vegetable leafminer and southern armyworm populations were lower than usual. Duncan’s new multiple range test was used to separate treatment means.
Laboratory Evaluation of Granular Soil Insecticides for Control of Sugarcane Beetle in Field Corn, 1981
Authors: Riley Thomas J.
Published: March 2022

Four granular soil insecticides labeled for control of corn rootworm were tested for effectiveness against the sugarcane beetle. Treatments consisted of the amounts of each material that would be applied to 6 inches of row at the labeled rate and at 1.5 and 2.0 times the labelled rate for corn rootworm control. Furadan at 0.5 times the labeled rate was also included. All treatments were replicated 4 times. Treatments were applied by hand to soil in 6 inch plastic pots in a manner that approximated in-furrow and 7 Inch band applications in the field. In-furrow treatments were applied across the pot at a depth of 1.5 inch and covered with soil. Band treatments were sprinkled onto the soil surface and covered with 0.25 inch of soil. Four ‘Pioneer 3147’ corn seeds were planted and the pots watered after treatment.