bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Verbal-Visual Architecture and Symbols of Sacred History in Russian Émigré Newspapers of Bulgaria
Authors: Lyutskanov Yordan
Published: June 2021

In this article, the author tests a novel analytical approach, confining himself to the necessary historical contextualisation of this approach and its objects. By applying it to the celebratory aesthetic activity of a non-clerical community in late modernity, it is possible to discern a sincere and sophisticated commitment to the sacred and a cultivation of mysticism that vivifies deeply traditional forms of the sacred. Referring to Hans Belting’s theory of cult image, Dimitŭr Georgiev’s methods of analysis of the “architecture of the newspaper”, Otto Demus’ theory of Byzantine mosaic decoration, and the theories of festivity of Roger Caillois, Mirchea Eliade, and Joseph Pieper, the author defines his core object as celebratory visual-verbal newspaper compositions and his approach as an architectural literary analysis of newspapers. In effect, a newspaper issue is viewed as a typographic projection of a festive chronotope and a potential visualverbal religious ensemble on the verge between a cult image and a work of art. The expressive forms within a newspaper, including literary works, are understood against the framework of such distinctions as those between appeal/expression and representation, aniconism and iconism, and tautegory and allegory. Referring to these distinctions and an analysis of the 1925 Easter composition in Rus’, the author introduces the concept of “grades/levels/degrees of illustrativity”, or “degree of mediation of the presence of the sacred”. The concept and its workability are exemplified by analysing elements of Easter compositions from 1924–1925 (Rus’ edited by Kallinikov), 1933–1935 (Golos Truda), and (again) 1934 (Rus’ edited by Butov): these examples were chosen after an examination of a wider range of sources from the period between 1922 and 1936. The author demonstrates that current historical events were perceived through a specific mental prism so that they were integrated into Christian sacred history. Visual and verbal elements of newspaper design were combined and artistic and non-artistic texts were concatenated in ways actively reminiscent of the liturgical function of the word and its connection to the architectural-liturgical ensemble, varying from a loose and conditional attachment to actual embeddedness. This article presents poetological preliminaries (while the author views the sociological approach as equally desirable) to an investigation of newspaper as the Gesamtkunstwerk form within the interwar Russian émigré community of Bulgaria.
The Language of Smell in Vladimir Nabokov’s Mystical Discourse of Prose from His French Period
Authors: Rogacheva Natalia , Drozdova Anastasia
Published: June 2021

This article focuses on the mystical connotations of the olfactory images in V. Nabokov’s prose from his French period (1937–1940). The authors analyse the connection between Nabokov’s mystical, philosophical, and aesthetic conceptions. They demonstrate that mystical experience is not conveyed by the writer directly but through the narration structure and forms of the mystical code in literature and philosophy (as in N. Gogol, P. Ouspensky, A. Bergson, etc.). The research refers to studies that prove the metafictional nature of Nabokov’s mysticism and its connection with perceptual imagery. As a result, the authors distinguish the ambivalent meaning of olfactory images. Smell is an element of the observer’s sensorial hallucination and a way in which the otherworld impacts on characters’ perception. On the other hand, images of smell are used to assess the ability of language to convey not only familiar smells, but also supersensory experiences. In Nabokov’s prose, the main smell characteristics are the temporal and spatial distance between the source and the subject of perception, the correlation with the observer’s viewpoint, and the peculiarities of nomination. More particularly, the magical meaning of smell images that create the plot for solipsistic characters is associated with the perception of the grotesque nature of smell. The authors conclude that mysticism is an attribute of Nabokov’s fictional world itself. The mystical connotations of smell lie in its transgressive and irrational forms: the fact that smell is difficult to verbalise is due to its ability to transcend the boundaries of fictional worlds, imaginary reality, and narration about it.
Marital Expectations in a Religious Context: Catholic and Orthodox Marriage Advertisements
Authors: Pazio-Wlazłowska Dorota , Itskovich Tatiana
Published: June 2021

People’s ideas about their future family are influenced by social stereotypes and family traditions. Religious dogmas reflected in the prototext of the Holy Scripture determine Christian family expectations. This article refers to marriage advertisements written by women of different age groups and different social statuses posted on Orthodox and Catholic dating sites. By indicating the desired traits of a partner and/or by identifying themselves, the authors of such texts explicate the formed value attitudes that reflect their idea of an ideal life partner. The space of the internet, characterised by freedom of expression in connection with the realisation of a basic human need, to create a family, leads to the explication of real value ideas about family in the texts of marriage advertisements. Texts of Orthodox marriage advertisements reflect the axiological reality of family relations based on the axiological ideal, such as faith in God, decency, chastity, innocence, kindness, and absence of mercantile interests, which remain a priority for the authors. Also, they still contain ideas about the value of the person’s well-roundedness formed in Soviet society. The pragmatically determined requirements for place of residence and nationality indicate the need to take into account the cultural and economic characteristics of Russia, i. e. its large territory and diversity of nationalities. Catholic marriage advertisements focus on faith and the doctrine of the Catholic Church. The addressers create an image of an ideal family in which spouses support each other. The idyll for them is the promise of a wonderful bright future, family happiness, and the realisation of hopes and dreams. The advertisements manifest gender stereotypes, which is confirmed in the characteristics of the addressee: the addressers do not pay much attention to appearance; for them, internal characteristics are more essential, especially adherence to the Catholic faith, which is closely associated with patriotism.
The Suffering Hero in Leonid Andreyev’s Novel The Yoke of War: From the Personal to the Universal
Authors: Dohnal Josef , Dmitrieva Yulia
Published: June 2021

This article analyses Leonid Andreyev´s novel The Yoke of War. The authors of the study point out the gradual transition from “objective” diary records to highly subjective records that show an ambivalent attitude towards the war as a cause for damaging changes on the home front. The main character, whose thoughts are rational at the beginning, experiences a lot of personal and social catastrophes generated directly or indirectly by the war. Gradually, he comes to the conclusion that neither he as an individual (as a “cell”) nor other people of his type have any impact on the course of history; he sees that the war is killing both enemies and “our people”. Contradictory changes in the character’s inner world show his doubts about patriotism and the righteousness of the “people”, while his belief that war only benefits a small group of greedy entrepreneurs grows. Feeling that the war cannot have a happy ending, the main character is no longer able to act rationally. He accepts all losses – personal and social – and comes to a purely emotional feeling about the universal unfairness of war. The only remaining possibility is to help wounded soldiers. Andreyev depicts a broad range of issues that thematically concern the experience and destiny of an individual, his inner transformation, the fate of his family members, and the destiny of both real and abstract society. The novel touches upon certain philosophical issues concerning such notions as patriotism, Russia’s fate, the sense of belonging to the masses, and being an individual. In this way, the novel can be regarded as a philosophical and panhuman view of World War I. Following the traditions of classical Russian literature to a considerable extent, Andreyev is concerned with questions based not on narrow class or national foundations but on panhuman ones.
Elderly Satisfaction on Chronic Disease Management Program at Public Health Center, Bandung City, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Akbar James Maladi , Gondodiputro Sharon , Raksanagara Ardini Saptaningsih
Published: June 2021

Objective: To identify the satisfaction level of the elderly on the health services provided by The Chronic Disease Management Program (prolanis) at the Public Health Center (puskesmas). Methods: A descriptive quantitative study with a cross-sectional approach had been carried out to 112 elderly from 8 puskesmas in Bandung City, West Java, Indonesia. This study was conducted from August until November 2019. The variables in this study were 5 dimensions of the SERVQUAL. The collected data were analyzed using percentages and the Importance-Performance matrix. Results: The satisfaction level of the elderly on the health services provided by the prolanis was 92%. The dimension that has the highest satisfaction level was the assurance dimension (94,6%) and the lowest one was the tangibles dimension (84,8%). The result of the importance-performance matrix showed that assurance, responsiveness, and empathy dimensions needed to be maintained to reach the patient’s satisfaction. Conclusions: The elderly satisfaction on the health services provided by the prolanis is high in every dimension of the SERVQUAL.
Syndecan-1 Laktat dan Profil Lipid sebagai Faktor Risiko Keparahan dan Mortalitas Sepsis
Authors: Wiguna Yopie Wiguna , Setiawan Philia , Semedi Bambang Pujo , Purwanto Bambang
Published: June 2021

Pada sepsis, endothelial glycocalyx (EG), dapat rusak dan luruh melepaskan syndecan-1 ke dalam plasma. Kerusakan EG akan mengganggu mikrosirkulasi, menimbulkan hipoperfusi jaringan, dan meningkatkan kadar laktat. Gangguan profil lipid pada sepsis terjadi karena gangguan metabolisme dan kerusakan langsung hepatosit akibat meluruhnya EG. Penelitian ini bermaksud menganalisis syndecan-1, laktat, dan profil lipid sebagai faktor risiko keparahan dan mortalitas pada pasien sepsis. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik observasional pada 39 pasien dewasa yang memenuhi kritera sepsis-3. Keparahan sepsis diklasifikasikan menjadi sepsis dan syok septik dan ditentukan dalam 6 jam setelah time zero berdasarkan penggunaan vasopresor, kecukupan resusitasi cairan, dan nilai laktat ulangan. Kematian 7 hari dihitung sejak time zero sepsis. Syndecan-1, laktat, dan profil lipid diambil dalam jam pertama setelah time zero dianalisis sebagai faktor risiko keparahan dan mortalitas 7 hari. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji logistik regresi bivariat dan multivariat. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan 20 pasien dengan sepsis, 19 pasien dengan syok septik. Berdasar atas mortalitas 7 hari, 10 pasien meninggal dan 29 pasien bertahan hidup. Laktat dan syndecan-1 merupakan prediktor keparahan pada sepsis. Laktat merupakan variabel yang lebih superior dibanding dengan syndecan-1 sebagai prediktor keparahan sepsis. Laktat merupakan prediktor untuk mortalitas 7 hari pada pasien sepsis. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah laktat dan syndecan-1 merupakan prediktor keparahan pada sepsis. Laktat merupakan prediktor kematian 7 hari pada sepsis.
Das cartas jesuíticas aos blogs de ciência: a diversidade de vozes e formas de noticiar o conhecimento científico no Brasil Parte II – 1808-1950
Authors: Fioravanti Carlos
Published: June 2021

Fundamentada em acervos on-line de jornais e publicações históricas, esta retrospectiva expõe a diversidade de atores – religiosos, viajantes, advogados, agrônomos, botânicos, zoólogos, físicos, matemáticos, médicos, jornalistas profissionais e blogueiros – e de formas impressas – cartas, livros, jornais, revistas, blogs – envolvidos na disseminação do conhecimento sobre zoologia, botânica, antropologia e agricultura no Brasil desde o século XVI. Esta segunda das três partes apresenta os jornais que trataram de ciência e tecnologia (principalmente agricultura), a construção do noticiário por meio da cobertura da passagem de Vênus diante do Sol, em dezembro de 1874, e redatores científicos profícuos – Manoel Ferreira de Araújo Guimarães, João Tibiriçá Piratininga, Eurico Santos, José Reis, Frederico Carlos Hoehne, Rômulo Argentière e outros – de 1808 a 1950.
Prevalencia de hipoacusia neonatal de la población atendida en el Hospital Regional de la Orinoquía, 2018: Estudio de tamizaje Auditivo Neonatal
Authors: Leguizamón Sandra Yaneth , García Agudelo Lorena , Espejo Laiton Henob , Agudelo  Ariza Liliana , Núñez Hernández Gustavo Enrique , Vargas Rodríguez Ledmar Jovanny
Published: June 2021

Introducción: La hipoacusia neonatal es uno de los defectos sensoriales congénitos más frecuentes en pediatría. La prevalencia varía desde 1 por cada 1000 nacidos vivos en hipoacusia severa y aumenta a 6 por cada 1000 cuando se tiene en cuenta hipoacusia leve, moderada y severa.

Metodología: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, donde se incluyeron a los recién nacidos entre el 01 de marzo 2017 a 23 de Julio 2018 en el Hospital Regional de la Orinoquía, a los cuales se les realizó las pruebas auditivas basados en los protocolos nacionales. La base de datos fue registrada en Excel versión2013 y se analizó con el programa estadístico SPSS versión 22.

Resultados: Se tamizaron 3448 que nacieron en el período de estudio. El 51% era varones; 80.3% de la cohorte de estudio procedían de área urbana. El 2% nacieron pretérmino. El 4% de las madres tenían antecedente de aborto. La prevalencia de hipoacusia neonatal fue del 3.53% (IC 95% 2.92 – 4.15).

Conclusiones: La prevalencia de hipoacusia neonatal en recién nacidos en el hospital regional de la Orinoquía fue del 3.53%, donde algunos estaban expuestos a factores de riesgo tales como hospitalización en unidad de cuidados intensivos relacionado con problemas durante el parto, consumo de ototóxicos,infecciones en útero, antecedente familiar de hipoacusia, prematurez, entre otros.
Synthesis and properties of Pt/TiN catalyst
for low-temperature air purification from carbon monoxide
Authors: Kabachkov Evgeny N. , Kurkin Evgeny N. , Vershinin Nikolay N. , Balikhin Igor L. , Berestenko Viktor I. , Michtchenko Alexandre V. , Shulga Yury M.
Published: June 2021

Catalysts of carbon monoxide oxidation were synthesized by deposition of platinum on titanium nitride (TiN). Two substrates with an average particle size of 18 and 36 nm were obtained by hydrogen reduction of titanium tetrachloride in a stream of microwave plasma of nitrogen. The surface of the catalysts was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The data obtained by us in the present work indicate the presence of oxynitride as a transition layer between nitride and oxide. It was found that the CO oxidation rate on the 9–15 wt. % Pt loaded TiN catalysts is 120 times higher than that on the platinum black with a specific surface of 30 m2g–1. Increase in the reaction rate of CO oxidation on Pt/TiN catalysts as compared to platinum black can be associated with both an increase in the concentration of CO molecules adsorbed and a decrease in the activation energy of the reaction. Catalysts are promising for use in catalytic air purification systems.
Gender Differences in Absolute and Relative Values of Hand Dynamometer Test with 9 and 10-Year Old Children From the Skopje Region in R.N. Macedonia
Authors: Elezi Abdulla , Elezi Gresa , Gontarev Seryozha , Georgiev Georgi
Published: June 2021

Background. Handgrip strength test is applied both to adults and children to indicate muscular fitness as well as the nutritional and health status. It differs in adults and adolescents depending on the gender. However, it is not clear whether a difference exists also in children at 9 to 10 years of age, and what are the factors that influence it. The goal of the research was to determine the absolute and relative values of the hand dynamometer test with healthy Macedonian boys and girls aged 9 and 10 from the Skopje region as well as to determine the factors that affect the handgrip strength at that age.

Materials and methods. The research was conducted on a sample of 775 children (boys n = 386; girls n = 389), whereby the following characteristics were measured: handgrip strength, weight, height, body fat percentage, muscle mass percentage and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The maximum handgrip strength was measured with a digital Takei TKK 5101 dynamometer. 

Results. The research found that there are statistically significant differences in the absolute values obtained in the hand dynamometer test between healthy boys and girls in Macedonia at 9 and 10 years of age. On the basis of the results obtained from the research, one can conclude that the results of the hand dynamometer test are affected by age, gender and body composition. 

Conclusion. Based on the increasing predominance of children’s obesity, the present study can provide clinicians and researchers with an insight how body composition influences muscular fitness, and can serve policy-makers to develop gender-specific strategies about body-weight management and promotion of muscular performance among children and adolescents.
Model and method of contextual help to develop skills of power unit operator using training simulator
Authors: Panteleev E.R. , Mukuchan A.A.
Published: June 2021

Development of operator skills at the facility may lead to significant risks of accidents, and emergency drills in case of accidents “on-site” is impossible. Therefore, the use of computer simulators for operator training is an established international practice. Skill honing means repetition of exercises and is prone to errors. To increase the efficiency of training, computer simulators provide the ability to stop simulation to refer to tutorials. However, tutorials do not provide an immediate solution of the problem, as for what the mistake is and how one should act in a particular situation. The aim of the study is to reduce the time for contextual information search by, first, developing a dynamic model of training scripts, and second, developing a method to interpret the above model and to find error description. Petri net (PN) is an adequate model of action scenarios for a user of a computer application. Petri net links actions and the conditions of their execution. However, in contrast to the actions of the application user, the ability of the operator to perform actions is determined not only by the state of the control interface, but also by the state of the object itself. Thus, it is necessary to improve previously proposed models and methods of their interpretation. A scenario model in the form of an open Petri net (OPN) is proposed. The model novelty is the dynamic marking of positions with the values of the variables of the control object and the presence of transitions that are triggered when discrete signals of the control system are received. The authors propose the method of interpreting OPN queries which returns reference information relevant to the context. A method of integrating contextual help into simulator which projects the state of the object and the operator's actions on the structure of the OPN is proposed. The results of the study have been implemented in 215 MW power unit simulator of Surgut State District Power Station №1, which is being developed by Tekon-Avtomatika LLC. The results can be used during development of computer simulators of similar objects. Linear computation efficiency of the access to context information is provided.
AVATAR Therapy: Pathopsychology of Transforming Relations with The “Voice” in Auditory Hallucinations
Authors: Sagalakova O.A. , Zhirnova O.V. , Truevtsev D.V.
Published: June 2021

The paper examines the problem of the use of modern AVATAR therapy for auditory hallucinations (AH). There is a traditional asymmetry of the focus of interest in the study of AH with a bias towards the study of the final result of perception at the expense of comprehension of the process of AH development. The methodology of the cultural-activity approach and study of the patterns of the genesis of the “voices” in pathopsychology provide an adequate basis for understanding the nature of AH. Current intervention in psychosis is based on recognizing the role of psychological factors. АН are amplified in the state of anxiety, or in case of disturbed interpersonal relationships. AVATAR therapy provides the patient with psychological means of restoring deliberate mental activity, gaining control over one’s mental activity through its objectification, making the “voice” less malevolent and managing negative experiences. The method is based on a dialogue with an avatar, a visual digital image of the “voice”. It is designed in a virtual environment evoking a presence effect, which allows directed interaction with it in order to increase assertiveness. The experiments showed encouraging, but still debatable, results of the effectiveness of AVATAR therapy.
Psychometric Properties of the «Level Of Relatives’ Emotional Burnout» Questionnaire
Authors: Shishkova A.M. , Bocharov V.V. , Strizhitskaya O.Y. , Vuks A.J.
Published: June 2021

Psychometric properties of “The Level of Relatives’ Emotional Burnout” measure (LREB) based on a sample of 297 chemically addicted patients’ relatives are presented. The assessment tool was developed with regard to the field of application — the interaction of family members. Along with the classical burnout symptoms (exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal achievements reduction), LREB makes it possible to evaluate aspects of the informal caregivers’ personal activity (in particular, dedication, self-efficacy in the treatment of the ill relative), which potentially protect from burnout as a result of taking care for the chronically ill relative. The analysis revealed good psychometric characteristics of the LREB in terms of reliability, internal structural, convergent and divergent validity.
Implication of seismicity for failure of a section of the San Andreas Fault
Authors: Bakun W. H. , Stewart R. M. , Bufe C. G. , Marks S. M.
Published: June 2021

abstract

On January 15, 1973, a magnitude ML 4.1 earthquake occurred near Cienega Road on the San Andreas Fault about 20 km south of Hollister, California. A 3-km-long segment of the fault southeast of the earthquake was aseismic for the 7 weeks preceding the event, although microearthquakes occurred at both its ends. The first day's aftershocks occurred at the northwest end of the aseismic segment; later aftershock activity migrated to the southeast, filling the remainder of the segment.

If the discontinuous surface trace of the fault can be extrapolated to the focal region of the earthquakes to define fault geometry at depth, then aftershocks occurred primarily on one continuous segment of the fault and epicenter locations and direction of rupture propagation (inferred from the azimuthal pattern of P-wave radiation) of the precursory shocks correlate with the discontinuities in the trace that terminate the segment. The 1970 to 1976 deficit in seismic slip within the segment suggests that fault creep accounts for a significant part of cumulative slip within the segment. The pattern of seismicity is consistent with the hypothesis that creep on the segment before the main shock caused a buildup of stress at the ends of the segment or at the ends of adjacent offset segments.

Correlation of seismicity and discontinuities or bends in the mapped fault trace are the basis for an extension and refinement of the “stuck” and “creeping” patch model of the San Andreas Fault in central California. Patch boundaries extend from the free surface down through the seismogenic zone. Creeping patches lie beneath smooth continuous segments of the fault trace. Stuck patches lie beneath discontinuities or bends in the fault trace.
Wave train characteristics of long-range, high-frequencyPn,Sncrossing an ocean bottom hydrophone array
Authors: McCreery Charles S. , Sutton George H.
Published: June 2021

abstract

During February and March 1976 high-frequency Pn,Sn phases from several earthquakes in the distance range 18° to 29° were recorded on magnetic type from an array of bottom mounted hydrophones near Wake Island. Large discrepancies were found between the actual arrival sequences of these phases and those expected for uniform propagation of a plane wave front across the array. Furthermore, the signal envelopes of the wave trains were dissimilar on different hydrophones for any given Pn,Sn phase. Comparisons between arrival sequences on the different hydrophones and between the signal envelopes on a given hydrophone from groups of earthquakes with nearly identical hypocenters indicate that differences in velocity structure near individual hydrophones cannot explain these observations. They are more likely the result of either the mechanism of generation or of long-range propagation for Pn and Sn, or both.
Qestimates using the coda of local earthquake
Authors: Herrmann Robert B.
Published: June 2021

abstract

An extension of the Aki (1969) coda model takes into account the instrument and Earth Q-filter effects on the dispersion of the coda. The coda dispersion and coda shapes are easily derived and plotted as a function of t* = t/Q. Observed data can be overlaid on master curves to directly estimate shear-wave Q and to normalize for earthquake moment to estimate the attenuation coefficient of γ. The method works well when the earthquakes studied have corner frequencies greater than the combined peak response of the instrument and Earth Q-filters. Comparing results from central California and the southeastern United States, there is a slight indication that the excitation of the coda is inversely proportional to Q.
The excitation and attenuation of seismic crustal phases in Iran
Authors: Nuttli Otto W.
Published: June 2021

abstract

The most prominent crustal phases of Iranian earthquakes recorded by stations in Iran are the first P (Pn or refracted P), Pg, Sn, and Lg. Pg, Sn, and Lg appear as trains of waves whose attenuation behaves as that of dispersed surface waves. For 1-sec period Pg, Sn and Lg, the coefficient of anelastic attenuation has an average value of 0.0045 km−1, similar to that for California but much greater than that for eastern North America. For 3-sec period Lg waves, the average value is 0.003 km−1. The excitation of 1-sec Pg and Lg waves is approximately equal. The amplitude of their vertical components for an mb = 5.0 earthquake at 10-km epicentral distance is 270 μm. The 10-km amplitude of vertical-component, 3-sec period Lg waves is 800 μm for an mb = 5.0 earthquake. For all epicentral distances the resultant horizontal, 1-sec period Lg motion is twice that of the vertical component. The 10-km value of the resultant horizontal Sn motion for an mb = 5.0 earthquake is 240 μm, slightly less than half that of Lg. The amplitude of the first P motion is, in general, one or more orders of magnitude smaller than that of the other crustal phases to distances of 500 km. However, at distances of 1000 to 1500 km the amplitude of first P is comparable to that of the other phases. Formulas are given to compute body-wave magnitude of Iranian earthquakes from the amplitudes of 1-sec period, vertical component Pg and Lg waves as well as amplitudes of the first arrival.
Simulation of strong ground motions
Authors: Hadley David M. , Helmberger Donald V.
Published: June 2021

abstract

The estimation of potential strong ground motions at short epicentral distances (Δ = 10 to 25 km) resulting from large earthquakes, M ≧ 6.5, generally requires extrapolation of a limited data set. The goal of this project has been to quantify the extrapolation through a simulation technique that relies heavily upon the more extensive data set from smaller magnitude earthquakes. The simulation utilizes the smaller events as Green's functions for the elements of a larger fault. Comparison of the simulated peak acceleration and duration with the data from the Parkfield earthquake is very good. Simulation of three earthquakes, M = 5.5, 6.5, and 7.0 indicate that the slope of the peak acceleration versus distance curve (Δ = 5 to 25 km) flattens, for strike-slip earthquakes, as the magnitude increases.
A technical note on PGA-intensity relations with applications to damage estimation
Authors: McCann Martin W. , Sauter Franz , Shah Haresh C.
Published: June 2021

abstract

The use of peak ground acceleration (PGA)-Modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) relations is discussed. A review of previous investigations in this area suggests that almost instinctively, a linear function, relating the log10(PGA) to MMI is assumed. This note proposes a quadratic form for such a relationship. The motivation for this study was provided by the application of PGA-MMI relations to the problem of damage estimations due to strong earthquake ground motion. A function relating PGA to MMI allows one to convert the probabilistic information on PGA, the typical parameter of seismic hazard analyses, to MMI, the parameter most commonly correlated to structural damage. The uncertainties in the variables used in the damage estimation are discussed.
Source dynamics of two great earthquakes of the Indian subcontinent: The Bihar-Nepal earthquake of January 15, 1934 and the Quetta earthquake of May 30, 1935
Authors: Singh D. D. , Gupta Harsh K.
Published: June 2021

abstract

Source mechanisms of two major destructive earthquakes which occurred at the Bihar-Nepal border and in the Quetta region on January 15, 1934 and May 30, 1935, respectively, are determined using the P-wave first motions, S-wave polarization angles, and surface-wave spectral data. The high stress drop and apparent stress associated with these events suggest that high tectonic stresses are prevailing in these regions. A major part of the stresses accumulated before the occurrence of the two earthquakes had been released through the main shock. An investigation of temporal and spatial variation of regional seismicity reveals possible existence of seismic gaps before the occurrence of these two major events.
A numerical study ofP-,SV-, andSH-wave generation in a plane layered medium
Authors: Wang C. Y. , Herrmann R. B.
Published: June 2021

abstract

A solution for the surface displacements due to buried dislocation sources in a multi-layered elastic medium is found using the Haskell (1964) paper as a starting point and more importantly, for notation. Through the introduction of some simple matrix operations, the Haskell (1964) solution is made simultaneously more compact and computationally stable. Time histories are computed for a perfectly elastic medium by performing classical contour integration in the complex wavenumber plane. A new aspect in the evaluation of those contours is introduced because of the recognition of nonzero singularity contributions of the Hankel and modified Bessel functions at k = 0. Theoretical ground motion time histories are presented to show the usefulness of the formulation. The overall objective of this paper is to incorporate the modifications made since 1964 to the Haskell (1964) paper in an easily understandable, step-by-step development.
Prediction of the Sungpan-Pingwu earthquakes, August 1976
Authors: Wallace Robert E. , Teng Ta-Liang
Published: June 2021

abstract

On August 16, 22, and 23, 1976, a succession of three large earthquakes (M = 7.2, 6.8, 7.2) occurred in the Sungpan-Pingwu area of Szechuan Province, People's Republic of China. Their successful predictions resulted in a substantial reduction in the loss of lives. The epicenters of these events progressed from north to south along the Huya Fault, a NNW-striking fault between the NE-trending Lungmenshan fracture zone and the north-trending Mienchiang fracture zone in western Szechuan. The greatest intensity reported was IX; isoseismals were crudely elliptical with the long axis parallel to the trend of the Huya Fault. The predictions were made with a reasonably good magnitude window (less than 0.5 magnitude unit), a rather large space window (about 150 km ×150 km), and a remarkably good time window (within a day). The detailed prediction process began with field monitoring some 6 yr before the Sungpan-Pingwu events and ended with the final issuance of warning and mass evacuation.

During the few weeks preceding the earthquakes, about 1,300 observations of noninstrumental anomalies and precursory phenomena were reported by scientists and lay brigades: outgassings, fireballs and other earthquake lights, abnormal animal and plant behavior, and telluric currents.
Intensities and isoseismal map for the St. Elias earthquake of February 28, 1979
Authors: Stover C. W. , Reagor B. G. , Wetmiller R. J.
Published: June 2021

abstract

The magnitude 7.2 St. Elias earthquake of February 28, 1979 was felt over an area of about 500,000 km2 of Alaska, United States, and Canada. The maximum intensity was VII at Icy Bay Lumber Camp. No major damage resulted as the epicenter was in an unpopulated area of Alaska. Isoseismal maps are also presented for the earthquakes of September 4, 1899, September 10, 1899, 21 hr, October 9, 1900, and July 10, 1958; magnitudes 8.3, 8.6, 8.3, and 7.9, respectively. The felt areas of the 1899 and 1958 earthquakes were not significantly larger than the St. Elias felt area considering the uncertainty of their limit of perceptibility. The October 9, 1900 earthquake appears to be located in the Kodiak Island region and not near Cape Yakatage as previously published.
“Everything is Connected”
Authors: Batori Anna
Published: June 2021

The paper discusses the storytelling formulas of the first season of the German series Dark (2017–2020) by focusing on the key temporal and spatial aspects of seriality in the show, such as the time frame of diegesis (story time), the temporal structure of the story (discourse and narration time) and the unique temporal installation of the series. As argued, the story and visual textuality of Dark not only transcends time and space – thus to provide us with a complex narrative set – but, by atemporal and spatial storytelling jumps, it creates a map of inconsistencies of double discontinuity fairly new to television and serial narration. By focusing on these spatial-temporal aspects of the series, the paper sketches a new approach to postmodern television formulas, while it also offers a possible interpretation to the national characteristics of the production based on the recurring theme of captivity in time.
Mary Tudor – From the Page to the Screen
Authors: Evenden-Kenyon Elizabeth
Published: June 2021

This article explores representations of Mary I of England, wife of Philip II of Spain. Specifically, it examines the portrayal of the queen – perhaps most famously known by the epithet ‘Bloody Mary’ – in the TV series Carlos, Rey Emperador (2015-2016), and in its associated online supporting materials. It details how textual representations of Mary underpin European visual depictions of the queen, and considers the ways in which Mary transcends stereotypical, quintessentially English-language portrayals of Mary for Spanish and Portuguese audiences. In doing so, it posits wider observations on the mnemonic strategies underpinning the series Carlos, Rey Emperador, and its different framings for Spanish and Portuguese audiences on the Internet.
Antifungal susceptibility of clinically significant candida species by disk diffusion method
Authors: Reddy Edula Ajitha
Published: June 2021

Antifungal susceptibility of candida.

To perform antifungal susceptibility testing on candida isolates by disk diffusion method & study its susceptibility pattern.

The present study was conducted in the department of Microbiology in a tertiary care hospital in Hyderabad from January 2013 to June 2014, with prior approval of the Institutional Ethics Committee. The present study was designed to perform antifungal susceptibility test on Candida isolates by Disk Diffusion Method and study its susceptibility pattern.

102 Candida isolates were subjected to Antifungal susceptibility testing by Disk diffusion method using Mueller-Hinton Agar + 2% Glucose and 0.5 μg/mL Methylene Blue Dye (GMB) Mediumas per CLSI guidelines.

:

Antifungal susceptibility test shows that C. albicans is more susceptible to all the antifungal agents tested. Resistance to azole group of drugs was more pronounced in non-albicans candida spp. Voriconazole seemed to be superior to Fluconazole with a better susceptibility in the Fluconazole resistant strains also.

Findings of the antifungal susceptibility test suggest that Candida spp., differ in their susceptibility to antifungal agents. Antifungal susceptibility testing of Candida isolates will be helpful in guiding physicians to select the appropriate antifungal drug so that therapeutic failures can be avoided thus decreasing patient morbidity and mortality.
Study of listeriosis in spontaneous abortions during preganacy at tertiary care centre
Authors: A Dawane Snehal , Shegakar Vijay
Published: June 2021

Listeriosis is an emerging zoonotic disease. Listeria monocytogenes is an uncommon cause of illness in general population, however, in some high risk groups including neonates, pregnant women, elderly persons, immunosuppressed transplant recipients and others with impaired cell mediated immunity, it is important cause of life threatening bacteremia meningoencephalitis. Listeriosis is 18 times more common in pregnancy (12/100,000) than in the non-pregnant population (0.7/100,000) and 16-27% of all infections with Listeria occur in pregnant women.

Isolation of bacteria by conventional methods of microscopy and culture on selective agar PALCUM agar after enrichment of samples by using UVM1, UVM2 .Speciation of listeria done by carbohydrate fermentation test followed by study of pathogenicity by hemolysis on sheep blood agar and CAMP test followed by antimicrobial susceptibility test done.

Out of total 131 patients having history of Spontaneous abortion were screened for Listeria, in that 10(7.6%) were carrying Listeria out of which 3(2.29%) of them found to be positive for L. monocytogenes and 07(5.34%) were other Listeria spp. The prevalence of L. monocytogenes in present study was 03(2.29%) from spontaneous abortion cases.

Based on the results of present study it is concluded that Listeria monocytogenes is responsible for spontaneous abortions in spontaneous abortion during pregnancy in humans.
Determination of the incidence of carbapenem-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients suffering with diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: C Patil Sangeetha , Y A Surekha
Published: June 2021

The present study was undertaken to determine the incidence of carbapenem-resistant in patients suffering from diabetic foot ulcers.

A total of one hundred patients with diabetic ulcer admitted in surgical wards, VIMS, Bellary were studied. Swabs were collected from the depth of the ulcers on the feet of the diabetic patients. From each patient, two swabs were collected. One swab was used for the isolation of aerobic bacteria and the other for preparation of smear for Gram stain. Debrided necrotic material was also collected. After sample collection, the specimens were processed immediately in the laboratory.

Out of 100 cases, 40 (40%) patients presented with ulcer of 2-4 weeks duration. Out of 165 organisms isolated, most common isolate were 38(23.03%), followed by 34 (20.6%), 2(16.96%), 26(15.75%), 23(13.93%), 8(4.84%), 4(2.42%) and 4(2.42%)

The carbapenems seem to be successful against the .
Comparative study of different methods of microscopy followed by a culture method in the detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinically and radiologically suspected cases of pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Sridhar Aarthi , Gopi Anjana , Dalal Abhilasha , Ravi Divya
Published: June 2021

To compare the sensitivity of 2 microscopic methods for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) along with culture and drug susceptibility testing to first line drugs.

: The cross-sectional study comprises 200 suspected cases of pulmonary tuberculosis both clinically and radiologically in KIMS, Bangalore over a period of 2 years.

Samples (sputum/BAL fluid) were collected, processed and stained by Ziehl Neelson (ZN) and Fluorescent methods. Culture and drug susceptibilty testing was done for Streptomycin, Isoniazid, Rifampicin and Ethambutol by Mycobacterium growth indicator tube (MGIT) method after decontamination.

Fischer’s test

: 1. Out of 200 samples: 1.120 were male and 80 were female; 2. 18 were positive by Ziehl Neelson, 21 by Fluorescent and 28 by culture; 3. Majority of the patients belonged to age group 41-50 years (23%); 4. InMGIT, 26 were M.tb and 2 were Non-tubercular mycobacteria; 5. Out of 26 M.tb isolates, 4 were resistant to streptomycin, 6 to isoniazid, 2 to rifampicin and 9 to ethambutol.

1. The sensitivity of Fluorescent staining (64.28%) is higher than that of Ziehl-Neelson (51.7%); 2. In MGIT, 26 were M.tb and 2 were Non tubercular mycobacteria; 3. 2 were Multi-drug resistant- tuberculosis (MDR-TB)

This study made us aware of the need for prompt detection, identification and appropriate treatment of Tuberculosis due to the rising incidence of MDR-TB.
Seguro de ahorro de energía: plataforma estándar para la estructuración, la evaluación y el seguimiento de proyectos de inversión en eficiencia energética y generación distribuida con desempeño energético garantizado
Authors: Chaparro Rodrigo , Netto Maria , Díaz Elisabeth , Padilla Adalberto , Muñoz Krystian , Riveros Raúl
Published: June 2021

Son crecientes los esfuerzos por fomentar la inversión verde con nuevos instrumentos financieros; sin embargo, la velocidad con que los mercados están adoptando estos instrumentos se ha visto limitada por la heterogeneidad y la falta de información sistemática que permite valorar cuán verdes son las inversiones. El BID ha desarrollado una plataforma estándar para la estructuración, la evaluación y el seguimiento de proyectos de inversión en eficiencia energética y generación distribuida con desempeño energético garantizado. La plataforma busca llenar este vacío e impulsar la modernización tecnológica promoviendo inversiones en tecnologías más eficientes donde se garanticen los ahorros o la generación de energía gracias a la combinación de contratos de desempeño, esquemas de validación y seguros como mecanismo de mitigación de riesgos. La plataforma comprende una herramienta para estimar los ahorros o la energía del proyecto propuesto, listas de control para la validación y verificación del correcto desempeño y un formato para el monitoreo de resultados una vez implementado el proyecto. La herramienta para estimar los ahorros o la energía que genere un proyecto sigue la lógica de establecer una línea base y luego determinar el impacto de la nueva tecnología mediante mejoras en los índices de desempeño o generación, siguiendo los lineamientos técnicos de la familia de normas internacionales de la serie ISO 50000. Este documento presenta los aspectos conceptuales y prácticos de la plataforma, incluye los protocolos para 12 tecnologías aplicables tanto a proyectos nuevos como a proyectos de sustitución y presenta ejemplos para tres proyectos específicos. Los usuarios primarios de la plataforma son proveedores de tecnología, entidades validadoras, entidades financieras y aseguradoras.
Firm Entry and Exit during Recessions
Authors: Ayres João , Raveendranathan Gajendran
Published: June 2021

We analyze shocks to productivity, collateral constraint (credit shock), firm operation, and labor disutility in a model of firm dynamics with entry and exit. Shocks to firm operation and labor disutility capture COVID-19 lockdowns. Compared to the productivity shock, the credit and the lockdown shocks generate larger changes in firm entry and exit. The credit shock accounts for lower entry, higher exit, and concentration of exit among young firms during the Great Recession. The lockdown shocks predict a large fall in entry and rise in exit followed by a sharp rebound. In both recessions, changes in entry and exit account for 10-20 percent of the fall in output and hours. Finally, we discuss how the modeling of potential entrants matters for the quantitative results.
Power System Analysis of Seawater Desalination Plant in Algeria with Different Load Scenarios
Authors: Zeggai Amine , Benhamida Farid , Bouddou Riyadh
Published: June 2021

The cost of electricity for the reverse osmosis desalination process is up to 50% of the cost per cubic meter of water produce. Currently, the reduction of energy consumption is the main objective of the research on reverse osmosis plants. This document presents a power system analysis of the seawater desalination plant in Algeria with different load scenarios with a power of 50 MW made available by the electricity company Sonelgaz and a distribution level of 220/11/0.69/0.4 kV and a 2 MW diesel generator at the 0.4 kV level. The objective of this study is to analyze and dimension a general distribution network of an industrial customer through the power flow with different load and contingency scenarios (full load, full load N-1, low load, emergency system) to know and control its optimal and flexible operation. In a second step, the dimensioning of different protective devices is planned through a short circuit analysis of this network in order to evaluate the performance of the system. The ETAP program is used to carry out our simulation of this industrial plant and the effectiveness of the results is proven by comparisons with real measurements for the power flow analysis on the one hand and on the other hand with the results obtained by the builder for the short circuit analysis.
Propose an Automatic Ammonia Concentration of Water Measuring System Combining Image Processing for Aquaculture
Authors: Huu Phat Nguyen , Duc Hoan Nguyen
Published: June 2021

The underwater environmental monitoring system applying IoT is now developing for 4.0 industry. It helps not only to simplify work but also to increase efﬁciency and reduce costs and execution time as well as ensure health to avoid contact with toxic solutions. In this paper, we first model the process of measuring NH3 concentration manually to automate. Secondly, the proposed model is combined with the process of processing output image automatically and displaying the results on the server. Thirdly, the system is able to measure the concentration by VNC viewer connecting with Raspberry pi4 via WiFi. The result of the NH3 concentration parameter is sent to users quickly to alert promptly when it reaches a dangerous threshold. Experiments show that the system not only ensures fast processing time (less than 5 minutes) but also improves accuracy (up to 80%) comparing with real devices.
Индустрия спортивного питания и специфика его продвижения
Authors: Шестеркина А.А.
Published: June 2021

Данная статья посвящена исследованию индустрии спортивного питания. Рассмотрены изменения этой сферы, а также особенности взаимодействия с потребителем. Исследование основано на вторичных открытых российских и зарубежных источниках. Результатом стали рекомендации по совершенствованию взаимодействия с потребителем с учетом разнообразия инструментов рекламы и PR.
Разработка информационной системы «База знаний группы поддержки информационной системы»
Authors: Абешов О.С.
Published: June 2021

Статья посвящена обзору основных этапов разработки информационной системы «База знаний группы поддержки информационной системы».