bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EGYPT IN THE EYES OF THE FIRST FRENCH PHOTOGRAPHERS
Authors: Salama Dr. Yousra Mohamed
Published: January 2023

The French invasion of Egypt sparked a national passion for all of Egypt's ancient Pharaonic history. Napoleon not only came to invade Egypt, but brought with him more than 150 scientists, cartographers, artists, naturalists and even musicians and painters; Observing the details of ancient sites and existing customs, the result was the huge work "Description of Egypt", published between 1809 and 1829, in twenty volumes, containing about 900 inscriptions. The French scientist François Arago (1786 - 1853) regretted that photography had not been invented yet. As he announced in Paris on January 7, 1839, he invented the photographic design designed by Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre to copy millions of hieroglyphs covering the exterior of the great monuments at Thebes, Memphis, Karnak, etc., you'll need decades of hordes of painters, but with the invention of Daguerre, one person is enough to do so.In announcing the invention of photography, Arago pledged to harness this invention in the service of science - and was intended to replace the cartoons of the book Description of Egypt; The attention of photographers, they showed the beauty of the region, as well as recording the landmarks of this civilization. These early photographers also presented a series of unique images of Egypt, thereby deepening the French public's sense of the greatness of the Egyptian civilization, and the world in general, with the legacy they documented. Thousands of years ago, they have stimulated those who will come after them to see all these tourist places, and the interest in the region, which has already increased with the development in the process of photography, which contributed to the increase of desire and see those places and take pictures of them.
THE PLACE OF HISTORY IN NATIONAL INTEGRATION AND DEVELOPMENT: THE KENYAN PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Kiprono Chebii Zephaniah
Published: January 2023

History as both a discipline and a concept is intertwined with the direction that any society takes. There is a positive link between progress of a society and its integration. These are best achieved through the inculcation of historical values and heritage; indeed, the best way of moving forward is by looking back at history. Therefore, this paper examines the place of history in national integration and development specifically with regards to Kenya. It posits that history, as one of the subjects taught in Kenya’s education system, is critical in promoting political, social and economic development. This is because it provides an in depth understanding and appreciation in individuals about where the society has come from, the challenges it has faced and out of that, the best way of solving those challenges. All these values form a momentum which is capable of promoting progress. The study used desk review by collecting, organizing and synthesizing available information which included journal articles, reports and newspaper focusing on the subject of history. For a better understanding of the nature of forces and processes of national development, there is need to appreciate the diversity that makes up Kenya. Thus, through the teaching and study of history, individuals can inculcate national consciousness, patriotism and sense of social responsibility in their lives. Certain historical values that the discipline transmits like cohesion, inter-ethnic relations and cultural diffusion should form the basis of national orientation, instead of a debate on deprivation, resource control and other mischievous issues that stunt development. This article concludes that since development is a product of change, and the subject matter of history focuses on continuity and change, it follows that development can only be understood and appreciated within the context of history. It is this strategic place of history in facilitating integration that makes history incubator of development.
JUSTICE AND ITS ADMINISTRATION IN IGBOLAND BEFORE THE DAWN OF	THE PRESENT MILLENNIUM
Authors: Rex Obiwuru Chidera
Published: January 2023

Justice, one of the requisites for a healthy society, is not novel in Igbo land. Its presence in Igbo land prior to the 2000s is undeniable. Put differently, there has been administration of justice virtually in all facets of life in Igbo society even before the white man’s “Santa Marias” and conveyances landed on the shores and borders of Eastern Nigeria. Igbo maxims such as           onye ruo, o rie (idlers should know no pay/no work, no pay); egbe bere, ugo bere; nke siri ibe ya ebena nku kwaya (let the affluent as well as the indigent live; but let any between them that opposes the other’s existence be the first to be ostracized/exited); ochu nwa okuko nwe ada; nwa okuko nwe oso (he who tries to harm the innocent must end up harming himself); ihe onye metara, o buru (whatsoever one’s actions are, one must face the consequences); e mere nwata ka emere ibe ya, obi adi ya nma (all should be treated equally for peace’s sake), etc. abound. Be that as it may, this paper seeks to painstakingly look at justice from the set of Igbo binoculars; that is, how it was perceived by and its importance to the Igbo people. It also scrutinized the various institutions responsible for and aid in the administration of justice in Igbo society before now. All in all, some negative changes that have occurred in the Igbo society in the present millennium in respect to administration of justice is not left unconsidered.
Perceived Determinants of Students’ Examination Corruption in Distance Education
Authors: Senyametor Felix , Dorsah Emmanuel , Amponsah Mark Owusu , Ampah-Mensah Alfred Kweku
Published: January 2023

Purpose: This study examined determinants of students’ examination corruption at the College of Distance Education (CoDE), University of Cape Coast (UCC), Ghana.

Methodology: The participants of the study included students, Regional Coordinators (RCs), and staff of the Examination Unit at CoDE. A sample of 252 students was selected from an accessible population of 3,095 using a proportionate stratified sampling technique. The questionnaire and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Data were analysed with frequency and percentage counts, standard deviations, and presented in tables supported with transcribed views expressed by the RCs and the Head of Exams Unit (HEU).

Findings: The study's findings revealed that examination malpractice was perceived to be a common illegal behaviour among students. The study also found that deviant students engage in examination malpractices at CoDE due to inadequate preparation for examinations.

Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: It was recommended that the management of the college should sensitise all stakeholders, particularly candidates on the sanctions stipulated in their Students’ Handbook for culprits of examination corruption related activities. Also, the college should make study materials available to students on time to fully prepare for all exams.
A Numerical Solver for First Order Initial Value Problems of Ordinary Differential Equation Via the Combination of Chebyshev Polynomial and Exponential Function
Authors: Ogunrinde R. B. , Olayemi K. S. , Isah I. O. , Salawu A. S.
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to derive a numerical solver for first order initial value problems of ordinary differential equation via the combination of Chebyshev polynomial and exponential function.Methodology: A new numerical method for solving Initial Value Problems of first order ordinary differential equation is developed. The method is based on finite difference method with a combination of Chebyshev polynomials and exponential function as interpolant. The accuracy, stability, consistency and convergence of the derived scheme were investigated. Numerical experiment was carried out by solving some test problems using the derived scheme.Findings: Results of the numerical experiment revealed that the derived method compared favourably with exact solutions and also performs better than some existing methods for solving initial value problems of first order. Unique Contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study therefore concludes that the method solves problems to expected level of accuracy and can thus be considered among the numerous methods suitable for solving IVPs of first order.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EFFECT OF SPROUTING ON AMINO ACID IN WHITE SORGHUM BICOLOR AND PENNISETUM GLAUCUM
Authors: Iyabode OJO Olabimpe
Published: January 2023

Purpose: Comparative study of effect of sprouting on amino acid in white Sorghum Bicolor and Pennisetum Glaucum
Methodology:The utilization of plant-derived foods as functional ingredients in food system continues to be of research interest as a purpose of achieving good health and well-being, target 3 of sustainable development goals (SDGs). Standard methods involving combined classical protein hydrolysis and derivatization with fast separation by Ultra High Performance Liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and detection by a single quadrupole (QDa) mass spectrometer were used to analyze Sorghum bicolor and Pennisetum glaucum for amino acid profile before and after sprouting.
Results: The data showed that eighteen amino acids were determined in all, which includes the essential for the growth of the infants, semi-essential amino acids and the nonessential amino acids (Harper, 1989). The levels in the sample were ranged as follows; unsprouted raw white sorghum bicolor seed flour (1.86±0.07-17.6±0.15), sprouted white Sorghum bicolor seed flour (1.93±0.06-17.7±0.08) unsprouted Pennisetum glaucum (1.86±0.07-17.7±0.09) sprouted Pennisetum glaucum (2.07±0.02-17.8±0.07) .The CV% for the values ranged between 0.26-74.2%. The cereals are very rich in ceucine and deficient in methionine and Tryptophan. TAA, TEAA with his, TEA without his, TNEAA, TArAA, TAAA, TBAA, TNAA, TSAA, %TEAA with his in the amino acid profile for white
Sorghum bicolordecreased in level after sprouting while TNEAA increased after sprouting. All the quality parameters level increased in Pennisetum glaucum after sprouting. The result of the research showed that Sorghum bicolor and Pennisetum glaucum seeds flours, especially the sprouted ones  contains appreciable  amount of essential amino acid which made them to be a good source of quality parameter of amino acid. This could be relied upon as a good cheap for supplement of essential amino acid in food in order to solve the problems of protein energy malnutrition which could be very useful in infant food production and also for the production of cookies for diabetic patients.
Unique Contribution to Theory and Practice: From the current research work, Sorghum bicolor and Pennisetum glaucum seeds flours are good source of quality parameter of amino acid especially the sprouted ones which could be relied upon as a good cheap for supplement of essential amino acid in food in order to solve the problems of protein energy malnutrition
Evaluation of Estrogen Alpha Receptor (ER-Α) and Progesterone-A Receptor (PR-A) Expression in the Oviducts and Uterus of Indonesian Local Rabbits after Induced by Several Method of Pseudo-Pregnancy
Authors: Syafruddin Syafruddin , Siregar Tongku Nizwan , Wahyuni Sri , Gholib Gholib
Published: January 2023

The objective of this study was to determine the expression of ER-A and PR-A in the oviduct and uterus of pseudo-pregnant rabbits after induced by several induction methods of pseudo-pregnancy. This study used 30 local rabbits, aged 1 - 1.5 years, body weight of 2.8 - 3.0 kg and clinically healthy. Rabbits were divided into 6 groups (n = 5), namely: K1 (negative control, given 1.5 mL physiological NaCl injection), K2 (positive control, given 100 IU eCG injection and mated with male rabbits,  followed by 75 IU hCG injection 3 days later), K3 (given 100 IU eCG injection followed  by injection of 75 IU hCG 3 days later), K4 (artificial copulation was performed by inserting a 1 cm long cotton bud into the rabbit’s vagina), K5 (ovulation induction by injection of 50 IU hCG) and K6 (ovulation induction by injection of 5 g GnRH). On the 8th day after treatment, rabbits were euthanized and their oviduct and uterus organs were taken for histological preparation and stained using the immunohistochemical staining. The expression of ER-A and PR-A was valued using the intensity score and analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed the Mann Whitney U test. The expression ER-A in the infundibulum, ampullary and isthmus of K1 was significantly different (p < 0.05) from K2 - K6 rabbits. The ER-A expression in the endometrium of uterine horn of K1 and K3 was significantly different with K2, K4, K5 and K6 rabbits (p < 0.05). Furthermore, PR-A expression in oviducts of K1 and K3 was lower than that in K2, K3, K5 and K6 (p < 0.05) and the expression in the endometrium, uterine glands and myometrium of K2 - K6 was higher than K1 rabbits (p < 0.05).  In conclusion, the hormonal induction could be used to induce pseudopregnancy in local rabbits based on the ER-A and PR-A expressions in oviduct and uterus.
HIGHLIGHTS

Pseudo-pregnant rabbits are needed for research purposes in the field of reproduction
Several methods of induction of pseudo-pregnancy in rabbits have been carried out in this study
Pseudo-pregnancy induction cause changes in the concentration of reproductive hormones (progesterone and estrogen)
These changes can be detected based on the presence of receptors for these two hormones (PRA and ERα) in reproductive tract of four groups of rabbits and the results were then evaluated

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Concentration Optimization of Meat, MOCAF (Modified Cassava Flour), and Purified Porang Flour--Carrageenan (PPFC) Mixed Hydrocolloid Gel for Restructured Sliced Meat Formula using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Widjanarko Simon Bambang , Imaduddin Arasy , Yunianta Yunianta , Witoyo Jatmiko Eko
Published: January 2023

This study aims to determine the optimum formula in restructured sliced meat production using the Box-Behnken Design of Response Surface Methodology (BBD-RSM) to obtain the best yield, hardness, and water-holding capacity (WHC). The concentration of the meat used was 30 to 40 %, MOCAF (modified cassava flour) was 10 to 15 %, and purified porang flour-k-carrageenan (PPFC) mixed hydrocolloid gel was 7.5 to 12.5 %. The alterations in yield, hardness, and WHC of restructured sliced meat were significantly predicted by the second-order regression models with high R2 values. The results revealed that the combining meat composition of 35.41 %, MOCAF of 11.58 %, and purified porang flour-k-carrageenan (PPFC) mixed hydrocolloid gel of 12.50 % was predicted as the optimum formula for restructured meat with characteristics as follows; 99.62 % yield, 133.63 g hardness, and 68.76 % WHC. The verification results through actual research were not significantly different (p > 0.05) from the predictions optimal formula, with characteristics as follows; 99.07 % yield, 131.63 g hardness, and 68.45 % WHC.
HIGHLIGHTS

The use of MOCAF and PPFC mixed gels for restructured sliced meat making
Optimization of restructured sliced meat was reported by Box Behnken Design
The optimal formula of the restructured sliced ​​meat was exhibited

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
KRIZA UNIVERZITETA U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI / THE CRISIS OF UNIVERSITIES IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Authors: Islamović Elvira
Published: January 2023

The problems of modern societies affect all parts of educational systems, and the particular impact on higher education. Given many issues, problems and challenges higher education is facing nowadays, the paper discusses the problems of the current and deeper crisis of higher education and gives an overview of different critical views on the role of university. In this thematic context, the most important crises of the higher education system in Bosnia and Herzegovina are being considered. For sociological theory of education, it is crucial to study the social factors and the influence of the social environment on education. Thus, the problems within the higher education sphere are viewed through the prism of the political, economic, sociocultural and moral grounds of the Bosnian society.
JAVNO-PRIVATNO PARTNERSTVO U SEKTORU ZDRAVSTVENIH USLUGA U FEDERACIJI BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE I MOGUĆNOSTI INVESTIRANJA U BOSNU I HERCEGOVINU / PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN THE HEALTH SERVICE SECTOR IN FEDERATION OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA AND INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Authors: Imamović Čizmić Kanita , Ramić Lejla , Odobašić Nihad
Published: January 2023

Public-Private Partnership (PPP) is an organizational model of public service delivery in which a public partner joins with a private one for a joint delivery of a public service, creating added value for both parties in this “partnership”. From the point of view of the public partner, it decreases public expenditure, increases the quality and distribution of public services, and reduces agency costs. From the point of view of the private partner, the benefits are in achieving the planned rate of return, reducing sub-investment costs, reducing agency costs, and avoiding debt risk. There are numerous studies on the correlation between economic development and investment through PPP, which have led to this research. According to the legal framework in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which is composed of entity and cantonal laws, a subject of PPPs may also be construction, use, maintenance and management or reconstruction of property for the purposes of meeting public needs in the health service sector. The aim of the paper is to explore the legal and institutional assumptions of investing through the PPP model in Bosnia and Herzegovina health service sector and to make recommendations for improving the PPP situation in the health service sector. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the paper is structured in three parts. The first part represents a concise theoretical framework in which the subject of the research is situated, the second part presents the state of affairs pertaining to investments in the health service sector, and the third part analyzes the current state of the use of this form of public service delivery in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The concluding section makes recommendations for improvements in terms of improving the investment through PPP in the sector of health care services.
U LANCU MIJENJAJUĆIH PARADIGMI BOSANSTVA - UZ KNJIGU SENADINA LAVIĆA Diskurs o bosanstvu (Sarajevo: Fakultet političkih nauka, 2020) / WITHIN THE CHAIN OF CHANGING BOSNIANHOOD PARADIGMS - WITH THE BOOK Discourse on Bosnia BY SENADIN LAVIĆ (Sarajevo: Faculty of Political Sciences, 2020)
Authors: Mahmutćehajić Rusmir
Published: January 2023

The book Discourse on Bosnianhood (Sarajevo: Faculty of Political Sciences, 2020), by Senadin Lavić, is the reason behind the Fifth Roundtable Discussion Sarajevo in Contemporary Interpretations of European History, within the Culture and Politics of the Eighth International Conference Sarajevo and the World, held in Sarajevo on 16 May 2022.
O KNJIZI Opće upravno pravo PROF. DR. FUADA PURIŠEVIĆA / ABOUT THE BOOK General Administrative Law BY PROF. DR. FUAD PURIŠEVIĆ
Authors: Omanović Sanjin , Ruhotina Anisa
Published: January 2023

The text is a review of the book Opće upravno pravo (uvodna pitanja i organizacija javne uprave, s posebnim osvrtom na Bosnu i Hercegovinu) authored by Prof. Dr. Fuad Purišević, Faculty of Criminalistics, Criminology and Security Studies, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, 2021.
OBMANA ILI ISKRENOST? DVA PRIZNANJA PRED MEĐUNARODNIM KRIVIČNIM SUDOM ZA BIVŠU JUGOSLAVIJU / FRAUD OR SINCERITY? TWO ACKNOWLEDGMENTS BEFORE THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT FOR THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA
Authors: Medić Jasmin
Published: January 2023

The author analyzes two cases before the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), specific to the guilty plea of the accused. Stevan Todorovic, the chief of police in Bosanski Samac, is the highest-ranking official in the municipality who has pleaded guilty and expressed remorse for his own responsibility and the crimes committed. Damir Došen, a shift guard at the Keraterm camp in Prijedor, did the same. Were the acknowledgments of these two convicted war criminals an expression of true remorse or a way to avoid higher prison sentences by reaching an agreement with the court prosecutor's office? The answer to this question is suggested by the analysis of the behavior of Todorović and Došen after serving his prison sentence.
Análise da acessibilidade em conteúdos produzidos no Instagram pela perspectiva de usuários surdos
Authors: Gomes da Cruz Ana Paula , Kieling Ana Paula , De Almeida Matheus Lucas
Published: January 2023

O presente artigo tem como objetivo principal a análise e compreensão das percepções do público surdo quanto à acessibilidade em conteúdos que são produzidos na rede social Instagram. Para realização da pesquisa, que se trata de um estudo exploratório, optou-se pela abordagem qualitativa, utilizando-se de entrevistas semiestruturadas em profundidade. Os dados foram coletados via aplicativo WhatsApp com cinco respondentes surdos que utilizam a rede social Instagram diariamente. A partir das informações obtidas na pesquisa, verificou-se que esses usuários possuem dificuldades mínimas ao acessar a rede social Instagram. Todavia, destacam a importância da acessibilidade, mencionando a tradução ou interpretação em Libras e legendas em língua portuguesa nos conteúdos publicados na rede como importantes elementos para a garantia desse direito.
 
ABSTRACT
The main objective of this article is to analyze and understand the perceptions of the deaf public regarding accessibility in content produced on the social network Instagram. The research is a qualitative exploratory study and use in-depth semi-structured interviews. We collected the data via WhatsApp application with five deaf respondents who use the social network Instagram daily. The information obtained in the research shows that these users have minimal difficulties accessing the social network Instagram. However, they highlight the importance of accessibility, mentioning the translation or interpretation in Libras and subtitles in Portuguese in the content published in the social network as important elements to guarantee this right.
Atanmış Mirasçıların ve Muayyen Mal Vasiyeti Lehdarının Murisin Vergisel Borçlarından Sorumluluğu
Authors: ATEŞAĞAOĞLU Erdem , SAKLAN Ali
Published: January 2023

Ölüm olayı üzerine murisin mirasçılarına geçecek terekesinde, çeşitli malvarlıkları kalabileceği gibi çeşitli borçlarda kalabilmektedir. Bu borçlar kapsamında mirasçıların birtakım sorumlulukları gündeme gelebilmektedir. Bu sorumluluk, murisin vergisel borçlarından kaynaklı da olabilmektedir. İşte ölenin vergisel borçlarından kaynaklı bu vergisel sorumluluk, gerek 213 sayılı Vergi Usul Kanunu’nun 12. maddesine göre gerekse de 6183 sayılı Amme Alacaklarının Tahsil Usulü Hakkında Kanun’un 7. maddesinin içeriğinde belirtilen şekilde mirasçılara geçebilmektedir.

Bu noktada; yasal mirasçılar haricinde, muris tarafından yapılmış birtakım ölüme bağlı tasarruflar yoluyla atanmış mirasçılar veya muayyen mal vasiyeti lehdarları da murisin terekesinde hak iddia edebilmektedirler. Yasal mirasçılar haricinde sayılan bu kişilerin murisin terekesinde söz sahibi olabilecekleri gibi kimi zaman terekeden kaynaklı borçlardan sorumlulukları (bu sorumluluk çalışmamızda vergisel sorumluluk olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır) bulunmaktadır. Çalışmamızda cevabını aradığımız temel soru da burada karşımıza çıkmıştır. Bu soru ise, mirasın taksiminde murisin yasal mirasçıları dışında kalan diğer hak sahiplerinin (atanmış mirasçılar ve muayyen mal vasiyeti lehdarları) de vergisel borçlardan sorumlu olup olmayacaklarıdır?

Çalışmanın ana amacı bu soruya cevap aramak olmuştur. Diğer bir ifadeyle, murisin yasal mirasçıları dışındaki atanmış mirasçılar ve muayyen mal vasiyeti lehdarlarının murisin vergisel borçlarından sorumluluğu yasal mevzuat doğrultusunda çeşitli senaryolar altında değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Otizmli Çocuklar İçin Giysi Modifikasyon Uygulamaları Kılavuzu
Authors: USLU TANDOĞAN Saliha , ÇEĞİNDİR Neşe
Published: January 2023

Bu çalışma ile otizmli çocukların giyinme/giydirilme sırasında, giysilerle ilgili yaşadıkları problemlerin belirlenmesi, bu problemlerin giderilmesi için annelere giysi modifikasyon tekniklerini uygulayabilme becerisi kazandırmak hedeflenmiştir. Araştırmanın evrenini, Türkiye’de yaşayan otizmli çocuk anneleri, amaçlı örneklemini ise İstanbul’da ikamet eden, Tohum Otizm Vakfı, OÇEM’ ler, MEB’e bağlı özel eğitim sınıflarında, Özel Eğitim ve Rehabilitasyon Merkezlerinde eğitim gören 6-12 yaş aralığında otizmli çocuğu olan ve araştırmaya gönüllü katılmayı kabul eden 10 anne oluşturmuştur. Annelere, otizmli çocuklarının giyinmelerini kolaylaştıracak fotoğraflı ve aşamalı giysi modifikasyon tekniklerini anlatan bir kılavuz (GİMUK) hazırlanmıştır. Kılavuzun tasarımı ve uygulamaları sebebiyle “tasarım tabanlı araştırma modeli” kullanılmıştır. Çevrimiçi ebeveyn anketiyle toplanan verilere göre her bir çocuğun ihtiyaçları özel olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bu nedenle Tim Brown’un “İnovatif Alan Yaklaşımı” ve “Kullanıcı Merkezli Tasarım” modelleri tercih edilmiştir. Öncelikle çevrimiçi anket ile hangi giysi grubuna hangi tekniklerin uygulanacağı belirlenmiştir. Sonra hazırlanan GİMUK e-kılavuz’ a dönüştürülmüş ve annelerin incelemesine sunulmuştur. Çevrimiçi anket ile GİMUK’ daki uygulamaların otizmli çocuklara ve annelere katkısı olup olmadığı ölçülmüştür. Anketi cevaplayan anneler, GİMUK’ un otizmli çocukların giyinme/ giydirilme problemlerinin çözümüne katkı sağlayacağını belirtmişlerdir. Sonuç olarak GİMUK’ un, farklı giysi gruplarının da dahil edilerek, basılı hale getirilip çoğaltılmasının otizmli çocuğa sahip tüm anneler için ulaşılabilir ve daha çok kişi tarafından uygulanabilir olacağı düşünülmüştür.
Uluslararası İlişkiler Disiplininde Çocuk Nosyonu
Authors: SARIASLAN Fatma
Published: January 2023

Çocuk Çalışmaları (Childhood Studies) bir dizi akademik disiplinde görece olarak kendine yer bulmuş olmasına rağmen, Uluslararası İlişkiler disiplini açısından durum biraz daha farklıdır. Uluslararası ilişkiler disiplini bağlamında çocukluk ve çocuklara ilişkin analizlerin oldukça sınırlı olduğu görülmektedir. Nitekim çocuğun uluslararası sistemdeki rolünden bahsedildiğinde, genellikle verilen yanıt böyle bir rolün var olup olmadığını sorgulamak olmaktadır. Öte yandan çocukların evrensel insan haklarına ilişkin siyasi tartışma bağlamında ciddi anlamda önem verilen aktörler olarak öne çıktıkları ve merkezi bir konumda oldukları ileri sürülebilir. Ancak her ne kadar uluslararası örgütler nezdindeki kodifikasyon çalışmalarıyla uluslararası çocuk hakları rejimi giderek artan biçimde gelişme gösterse de, bu rejimin çocukları yalnızca pasif ‘kurbanlar’ olarak gören yaklaşımının, çocuklara ihtiyaç duydukları şekilde ve etkin bir biçimde yardım edebileceği belirsizdir. Bununla birlikte, uluslararası ilişkiler disiplininin geleneksel devlet merkezli yaklaşımlarında daha önce büyük ölçüde ihmal edilen çocukların ve çocukların failliğinin -diğer disiplinlere kıyasla geç olsa- giderek daha fazla öne çıkmaya başladığı gözlemlenmektedir. Bu itibarla çalışma, uluslararası ilişkiler disiplinine çocuğun aktör olarak dâhil edilmesinin elzem olduğunu ileri süren bir anlayışla, Uluslararası İlişkiler disiplininin çocuk ve çocukluk bağlamındaki bakış açısının ne yönde ve nasıl geliştiğini ele almaktadır. Bu bağlamda öncelikle çocukluğun sosyal inşasına ilişkin literatürdeki gelişmeye ve sonra da uluslararası ilişkiler disiplininde özellikle savaş ve çatışma bağlamında çocuk ve çocukluk nosyonuna ilişkin çalışmaların kapsamına odaklanmaktadır.
Kökeldaş Medresesi
Authors: CANKALOĞLU Yılmaz
Published: January 2023

Özbekistan 85-96/705-715 yıllarında Emevi hükümdarı Kuteybe b. Müslim tarafından fethedilmiştir. Bölgeye İslâm’ın girişinden sonra bu bereketli topraklar üzerinde birçok eğitim kurumunun temeli atılmış ve bilim dünyasına yön vermiş yüzlerce bilim ve fikir adamı bu topraklarda yetişmiştir. Bölgede kurulan medreselerde özellikle Fıkıh, Hadis, Tefsir, Tasavvuf, Arapça ve Kelam alanlarında yetişmiş ve alanlarında ekol olmuş birçok ilim adamı yetişmiştir. Birlikte yaşama kültürü bakımından çok başarılı bir ülke olan Özbekistan’da özellikle bağımsızlıktan sonra farklı etnik gruplar huzur ve güven içinde bir arada yaşamaktadır. Irk ve din yönünden çok renkli bir dokuya sahip olan ülkede Özbek halkının tamamına yakını Sünni Müslümanlardan oluşmaktadır.

Kökeldaş medresesi Özbekistan’ın başkenti Taşkent şehrinde eğitim ve öğretime aktif olarak devam eden medreselerdendir. Medrese, 1551-1575 yılları arasında inşa edilmiştir. Özel bir mimârî özelliğe sahip olan medrese Taşkent şehrinin merkezinde yer almaktadır. Tarih boyunca birçok ilim adamının yetişmesinde büyük payı olan medrese aynı zamanda kervansaray olarak da kullanılmıştır. Günümüzde Ortaöğretim İslam Bilim Yurdu olarak hizmet veren eğitim kurumu halen Özbekistan’ın en gözde ilim merkezlerinden biri sayılmaktadır.
Review on Preformulation Studies and Preparation of Preformulation Data Sheet
Authors: Shubhangi S. Pawar  , Sanjay K. Bais  , Sanket P. Shivsharan
Published: January 2023

Preformulation data is necessary to comprehend possible medication pharmacokinetics in man and livestock, as well as the opportunities and difficulties for process adjustment when the product is ramped up in production. In order to ascertain the shelf life of the marketed product, optimized formulation studies are also carried out to anticipate the stability of the formulations throughout production, shipping, and storage. This paper discusses measures for solubility and dissolution rate, molecule dissociation, pka, diffusion, partition, and permeability, as well as how these may be included into a categorization scheme for biopharmaceuticals, are all discussed in this review. Absorption of the moisture Differential scanning calorimetric, thermo gravimetric analysis, and powder X-ray diffraction are used to classify hygroscopicity and evaluate polymorphism and crystallinity. Stress testing is used to evaluate the stability of active components and excipients in isolation and in pH, temperature, humidity, light, and oxidizing substances should all be taken into account. The evaluation of the essential and derived properties of powders and particle systems is described in the final section.
Finding Our Strengths: Recognizing Professional Bias and Interrogating Systems
Authors: Patten Kristie K.
Published: January 2023

No one builds their lives on remediated weaknesses. No one. Who does a deficits-based approach benefit? Those we serve, or the professional community? Do our current models of practice support flourishing? Our professional biases make it hard for us to see not only how our practice may be getting it wrong today but is also perpetuating systems that prevent us from getting it right tomorrow. A paradigm shift to a strengths-based model that interrogates the educational, research, and practice systems we work in is proposed. It is a shift that we must see, speak, and act on. Our vulnerability and willingness to rethink is our strength, which will meet the changing needs of society. This lecture will draw on literature from positive psychology, disability justice, well-being, and research that centers the voice of self-advocates.
KEY GENERAL ASPECTS TO BE CONSIDERED IN HABITAT MANAGEMENT: A REVIEW
Authors: Gómez-Cabezas Miguel , Romero María-José , Prado Julia K.
Published: January 2023

The aim of this work is to analyse the most important components that involve habitat management considerations to understand how it could be an alternative to reduce pest pressure in crops to avoid the use of pesticides in agricultural ecosystems. To accomplish this objective, a literature review of several research papers related to the topic was done. It was found that a high percentage of studies showed favourable results for natural enemy populations and pest pressure. However, these practices show more positive results for natural enemy populations than for pest suppression. The success of habitat management practices to reduce pest pressure depends mainly on the selection of non-crop plant species at crop field scale, landscape complexity and the targeted natural enemy species. Nevertheless, among these factors, the landscape complexity in the surrounding semi natural habitat is the most important aspect, since it could determine the abundance of natural enemies in the crop. Understanding the complexity of semi natural habitats could help farmers to take better coordinated decisions to manage semi natural areas and improve the biological control service in their farms. Finally, the adoption of habitat management measures is not broadly accepted by farmers and more research is needed to show them the benefits of these practices.
CROP MANAGEMENT INNOVATIONS FOR CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE IN THE POST-PANDEMIC ERA: A REVIEW
Authors: Awopegba T. M.  , C. A. Fayose , K. A. Adeboye
Published: January 2023

The wavering nature of environmental conditions caused by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and agricultural practices has resulted in global warming, a significant increase in average temperature, deepened by increasingly intensive agriculture, deforestation and increased use of fossil fuels. This often-unsafe anthropogenic interference with the environment has resulted in climate change with many negative impacts, such as, extreme weather phenomena, drought, fires, death of animal and plant species, and disruptions of food chain and destruction of agricultural resources. Therefore, there is a need to embrace environmentally sound crop management innovations to mitigate the negative impacts of climate change on agriculture in the post-pandemic era. To sustain food security propelled by crop management innovations, climate smart agriculture (CSA) and climate resilient sustainable agriculture (CRSA) have to be employed. There is a need for agriculturists to develop crop management innovations that will tackle climate change negative impacts on man, animal and environment by leveraging more on technological innovations through scientific research. Access to good and affordable food products is important to boost herd immune and combat this COVID-19 virus spread within the population. This could only be realized by ensuring proper adaptation of agricultural production to the impacts of the prevailing and imminent climate change scenarios in the post-pandemic era.
SALARIED AGRICULTURAL LABOUR IN NORTH OF FONGO TONGO: ORGANIZATION OF STAKEHOLDERS IN THE FIELD
Authors: Amélie Mermoze Djeugap Guedia
Published: January 2023

In the poorly mechanized countries, the development of agriculture is dependent on labour. The degradation of soils in the southern part of the Fongo-Tongo and the coffee crises have favored the mobility of its population to the north where, they serve as employees or employers in agriculture. This work examines the organization of agricultural actors in the north of FongoTongo from the recruitment of labour to the payment of salaries. In the recruitment points and in farms, during the months of april and may 2015, surveys were carried out by interviews (22) and questionnaires (75). As results, in north of Fongo-Tongo, labour was recruited by direct contact or by telephone from 7:30 a.m. to 10 a.m. The activities of the employees were plowing (65.33% of respondents), sowing, phytosanitary treatments, harvesting and related tasks. The main products grown are: potatoes, cabbage, carrots and leeks. Labour was more used from june to september (77.33%) while from april to may, work was scarce. Strategies adopted by employers for better employee performances included positioning them at intervals set by employers, given them a midday meal and transporting them. Employees are paid at the end of the day or on appointment, individually or in groups.
THE TWIN DEFICITS IN MALAYSIA: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE
Authors: Tsen Wong Hock
Published: January 2023

This study examines the twin deficits in Malaysia. The Dickey and Fuller (DF) and Phillips and Perron (PP) unit root test statistics show that all variables examined are non-stationary. The Johansen cointegration test statistics show that there is long-run relationship between external balances and its determinants includes budget balances. Moreover, increases in budget balances will lead to increases in external balances and increase in investment will lead to decreases in external balances. The results of the fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) estimator demonstrate about the same conclusion of the relationship between external balances and budget balances as the conclusion of the Johansen cointegration method. Consolidated budgets will lead to healthy external balances, which are important for achieving sustainable economic growth.
MACROECONOMIC VOLATILITY ON STOCK PRICES VOLATILITY DURING GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Yeap Geok Peng , Lean Hooi Hooi
Published: January 2023

This study examines the impact of macroeconomic volatility on the stock market volatility in Malaysia before and after the Global Financial Crisis (GFC). We attempt to examine the impact of GFC on the relationship between the volatility of macroeconomic and Malaysian stock market volatility. We find that none of the macroeconomic volatility would affect the stock market volatility in the pre-GFC period. Moreover, the volatility of crude oil price is positively and significantly affects the Malaysian stock market volatility during and post-GFC. This implies that Malaysian stock market is sensitive to the crude oil price volatility during and after GFC.
CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS, ENERGY CONSUMPTION, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN A TRANSITION ECONOMY: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM CAMBODIA
Authors: Tang Tuck Cheong
Published: January 2023

This study examines the inter-relationship among carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, energy consumption, and economic growth for a Mekong River Commission (MRC) country - Cambodia. The empirical results suggest that real gross domestic product (GDP), energy consumption, and CO2 emissions are cointegrated. It needs 11 years to achieve a long-run equilibrium. There is a unidirectional causality from real GDP to energy consumption, and a bidirectional causality between real GDP, and CO2 emissions. The CO2 emissions are related to energy consumption through real GDP. This study is relevant and importance for Cambodia in formulating energy policies, for example, the revision of national energy efficiency policy.
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE INTENTION USE OF HANDHELD DEVICES TO PROMOTE LOCAL HANDICRAFT IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Tanakinjal Geoffrey Harvey , Hamid Rizal , William Joehan Johari , Sondoh Jr Stephen Laison
Published: January 2023

The hand-held devices have become a necessity for the business community to communicate with each other. One of the most popular hand-held devices is the mobile phone which has the highest adoption rates of technology in the modern history. This research focuses on identifying the critical success factor of using hand-held devices to promote local handicraft in Sabah and testing these independent factors toward intention to use mobile marketing. From a total of 250 questionnaires that we distributed, only 170 (68% return rate) were returned and used for this study. Data was analysed using SmartPLS 2.0. Out of the six independent variables (i.e., compatibility, credibility, ease of use, financial, risk, self-efficacy and usefulness) tested in this research towards an intention to use mobile marketing, only four indicated a significant relationship namely compatibility, credibility, ease of use and self-efficacy.
EXAMINING THE HETEROGENEOUS REGIMES OF STOCK MARKET IDENTIFIED WITH TWO VARIANTS OF B-B ALGORITHMS THAT DIFFER IN RIGIDNESS OF SPECIFICATION
Authors: Yew Joe Ho , Ruiz Estrada Mario Arturo , Yap Su Fei
Published: January 2023

This paper studies the more prolonged type of heterogeneous regimes in the stock market identified with the non-parametric Bry and Boschan (1971) (BB) algorithm. Specifically, the paper extracts and examines the statistical properties of these durations derived using two variants of B-B algorithms, namely the Lunde and Timmerman (2004) B-B algorithm and the Candelon, Piplack and Straetmans (2008) B-B algorithm. These two algorithms are contrasting extremes in terms of specification rigidness. The results show that the Candelon et al. (2008) B-B algorithm which is less rigid between the two, detects more frequent switching of regimes, has lower standard deviation and yields higher values of cumulative return and loss. The greater sensitivity, however, may not imply superiority as the fundamental aim of stock market regimes dating is to clearly detect the unobserved long-run structure of the market.
REVISITING THE DETERMINANTS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH: THE CASE OF MALAYSIA
Authors: Poh Kar- Min , Chin Mui-Yin
Published: January 2023

This paper examines the effects of export, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and trade openness on the Malaysian economic growth during 1970-2013 using econometrics techniques. The results from Johansen and Juselius (1990) cointegration test signify the existence of a long-run stable equilibrium relationship among all the variables in this model. In addition, the empirical results of this study reveal that the exports and FDI are the determinants of economic growth. Out of which, real growth domestic product (GDP) is more responsive with the countryâ€™s export compared to FDI. Therefore, policymakers should emphasise on human capital development which in turn enables the country to produce high-value-added products to enhance the sustainability of exports.
THE IMPACT OF HUMAN CAPITAL INVESTMENT TOWARDS LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY: EVIDENCE FROM MALAYSIA
Authors: Sidek Suzillah , Khan Hayat
Published: January 2023

The economic value of education, in terms of its contribution to social and private returns (Psacharopoulos, 1994), motivates individuals and countries to invest in the education industry. One of the social returns of human capital investment is an increase in productivity that leads to economic growth. This paper studies the contribution of human capital investment towards productivity. In particular, we quantify contribution of different levels of education to productivity growth at industry level in Malaysia during 2005 to 2012. The Arellano-Bond (1991) approach that uses the longitudinal data, produces efficient and reliable estimates in our case. We find that at aggregate level, primary, secondary, and tertiary education levels are all important in terms of its contribution to productivity. The more specific industry analysis however shows that primary education does not play a significant role in productive industries, whereas it is as important as any other level of education in low productive industries. We also study the impact of National Higher Education Strategic Plan (NHESP) 2007 policy during our sample period on productivity growth and subsequent policy change in 2009 due to change in the regime.
INFLUENCE OF INVESTOR SENTIMENT, CHARACTERISTICS, AND INFORMATION SEQUENCE ON STOCK INVESTMENT DECISION: EVIDENCE FROM THE TAIWANESE MARKET
Authors: Lun Lui Li , Bo Zhong Zhi , Diaz John Francis , Hsuing Fan Fei
Published: January 2023

This research investigates the influence of sentiment, personal characteristics, and information sequence on the investing behaviour of non-professional investorsâ€™ in the Taiwanese stock market. Utilising ANOVA and T-test methods on questionnaires, empirical results suggest that investor sentiment on picking stocks is affected by economic and financial market forecasts. Also, investors tend to overreact on both positive and negative information resulting in over- and under-valuation in stock prices, respectively. Regarding personal characteristics, optimistic investors are inclined to overreact to positive information, which is affected by their personal attitude and available economic forecasts. In considering the sequence of information presented to non-professional investors, this study supports the â€œrecency effectâ€ phenomenon, where the latest economic and financial market information affect their stock buying and selling behaviour. In general, this study observes that when information is encountered in different forms and order, investor sentiment, personal characteristics and recall cause significant discrepancies in investing decisions. This research suggests that investors should be aware of their subjective behavioural biases, and that objective and careful decisions have to be exercised in picking stocks to maximise gains and minimise losses.
IDENTIFYING THE IMAGE ATTRIBUTES OF FAST-FOOD RESTAURANTS USING DELPHI SURVEY
Authors: Yeap Siew Lin , Krishnan Anath Rau Krishnan , Hamid Rizal
Published: January 2023

Peopleâ€™s hectic routines have now led to mushrooming of fast-food restaurants (FFRs), especially in urban areas. Therefore, FFR owners need to find ways to control the demand of the market. Image is one of the drivers that influences customer satisfaction, behavior intention, trust, and loyalty. FFR owners should therefore take into account all possible attributes that may affect their image, before executing any improvement strategies. Unfortunately, the image evaluation attributes proposed in past scholarly works appear to be either incomprehensive or highly redundant to each other. This study thus aims at introducing a set of attributes, which are all-inclusive yet distinctive from one another other, which could be utilised by any future studies to evaluate the image of FFRs without too much revision. The study begins by extracting an initial list of image attributes by reviewing pertinent past literature. This tentative list was then verified via a two-round Delphi survey that was participated by 10 well-experienced fast-food restaurateurs. The contribution and limitation of the study are summarised in the conclusion section.
INFLUENCE OF BEHAVIOURAL ELEMENT ON STOCK RISK: EVIDENCE FROM MALAYSIAN LISTED COMPANIES
Authors: Azman Shah Mohammad Ariff , Che-Yahyaa Norliza
Published: January 2023

This paper examined the influence of behavioural element on stock risk of Malaysian listed companies. There were 90 firms consisting of 30 large capitalizations, 30 middle capitalization and 30 small capitalization firms. The time frame for this research is 5 years ranging from 2012 to 2016. The dependent variable, stock risk, is represented by two proxies, Beta and Standard Deviation. The independent variables of this research are liquidity, profitability, gearing and behavioural element. The non-behavioural factors were added to examine if those factors also play a part in determining stock risk. By employing an Ordinary Least Square regression, the results showed that when the stock risk is proxied by systematic risk or Beta, the behavioural factor is significant while all the other non-behavioural factors are found not. However, if the stock risk is unsystematic risk or Standard Deviation, the behavioural factor is not significant while the liquidity and gearing variables are significant.