bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relevance of developing public health service cadres alongside a more prevention oriented Indian health system: an overview
Authors: Talukdar Rounik
Published: December 2021

The relevance of public health has been emphasized in the wake of the global epidemic COVID-19. There are several success stories that we often tend to forget, such as the fight against various infectious illnesses like smallpox, poliomyelitis, and current human-immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention, to name a few, public health has played a significant impact. Diarrheal diseases, for example, which contributes significantly to India's under-five mortality rate and is one of the leading causes of malnutrition, can be effectively handled by improving access to safe water and sanitation. Because public health encompasses more than just health, we require a workforce with managerial and leadership skills as well as training in public health as a specialty. This paper explores some of the successes and lessons learned from systematic investments in public health in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, namely The Tamil Nadu model and other countries, as well as the system's flaws. In India, a feasible framework for establishing dedicated public health cadres has also been explored. Evidence was acquired from PubMed, Google Scholar, newspaper stories, and publicly released government orders and papers. The recruitment of cadres may resemble that of the Indian economic/statistical services (IES/ ISS) by the UPSC. Another area to emphasize for health professionals interested in public health is training. Starting from frontline workers, block level workers to district and state we need dedicated public health workforce. Moreover, the need of the hour is to establish such a system which will work alongside pre-existing clinical fields.
COVID-19 vaccination in rural India: a battle to be won!
Authors: Sharma Neha , Panda Pragyan Swagatika , Dewan Manasvee , Banerjee Priyanka
Published: December 2021

As of 22nd July 2021, 13.3% of world’s population are fully vaccinated and 26.8% of world’s population have received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine. COVID-19 vaccination drive was launched in India on 16th January 2021 with two government approved vaccines Covishield® and Covaxin®. About 65.53% of India’s population resides in rural areas. As vaccination is progressing, a gap (of number of vaccines administered) between urban and rural vaccination centers is clearly becoming evident. By mid-May, 30.3% of India’s urban population had received at least one dose of the vaccine compared to 19.2% in semi-urban areas, 15.1% in semi-rural areas and just 12.7% in rural areas. Vaccine roll out in rural areas is adversely affected probably because of unequal access in rural area, vaccine hesitancy due to misinformation and myths being circulated through social media and low educational status of rural population as compared to the urban peers. A successful COVID-19 vaccination drive depends on maximum possible coverage. Through this manuscript we aim to draw attention to objective and feasible strategies in order to bridge the existing urban-rural vaccination gap.
Efficacy of providing free nicotine replacement chewing gum to induce quit attempts in tobacco users- A prospective observational study
Authors: Sharma Rohini , Umashankar G K  , Rahman Shuhaib , Patil Somanath
Published: December 2021

To assess the effectiveness of providing free NRT to tobacco users in increasing quit attempts and to assess the perception of adherence, side effects and safety issues related to the usage in increasing quit attempt.

A observational study was conducted to motivate tobacco users to have a quit attempt with a nicotine replacement sample among patients visiting out-patient department of a dental college. Baseline evaluation (demographic), Modified Fagerstrom test for Nicotine Dependence (MFTND) to assess nicotine addiction level, “breath analyzer” for the quantitative detection of levels of carbon monoxide were assessed. A free NRT sample was given. Telephonic follow up was done at an interval of 2 weeks, 1 month to assess the reduction in the mean MFTND score and to assess the perception of using NRT sample. All data was entered and analysed in SPSS for Windows version 22.

Among the 40 subjects 80% were in the age group of 30-50 years and were males. The levels of carbon monoxide using breath analyser showed 80% of the subjects as heavy and chain smokers. Out of 40 subjects, 29 (72.5%) subjects were having high dependence calculated using MFTND which reduced to 2(5%) after using nicotine chewing gum. The mean and standard deviation of pre MFTND was 7.97±2.35 and for post MFTND it was 5.57±2.14 and the difference was highly significant (p< 0.005).

: The results of this study confirm the efficacy of providing free nicotine replacement sample a novel strategy in motivating tobacco users to induce quit attempt.
Evaluation of tongue posture & dimensions in relation to skeletal Class I and Class II patterns- A cephalometric study
Authors: Khanna Puja , Chhabra Sumit , Munjal Preeti , Mittal Sunny , Arora Nishtha
Published: December 2021

Association of tongue posture with dental and facial skeletal pattern have been suggested in past. This study was undertaken to assess tongue posture and dimensions in Class I and Class II Dentoskeletal patterns to determine whether any correlation exists between tongue posture and skeletal pattern of an individual.

Cephalograms of 150 individuals (aged 18-23 years), taken in Natural Head Position (NHP) and tongue at rest were divided into three groups i.e. Group 1 – Class I Normal occlusion, Group 2 – Class II Division 1 Normodivergent and Group 3 – Class II Division 1 Hypodivergent, consisting of 50 samples each. To ensure the rest position of tongue, patient was asked to relax for 30 seconds after coating the tongue with barium sulphate in midline and then to swallow, and the X-ray was taken at the end of swallowing. Each group was divided into two subgroups according to sex. Groups were constituted according to the Frankfort mandibular plane angle (FMA) angle. The subjects who had skeletal Class II pattern due to mandibular retrusion and not due to maxillary prognathism were only included in the study group. Statistical analysis was done using the software SPSS version 21.0. The statistical tests used were unpaired t-test and One-way ANOVA test with post-hoc bonferroni test. The p-value was considered significant if less than 0.05.

The dorsum of the tongue was higher at back and lower in front in Class II Division 1 Hypodivergent group as compared to Class I Normal occlusion group (P<.05). Tongue height and tongue length were significantly reduced in Class II Division 1 Normodivergent and Class II Division 1 Hypodivergent malocclusion groups when compared to Class I control group (P<.05).

The study supports the existence of a relationship between posture & dimensions of the tongue with Class I and Class II skeletal patterns.
Evaluation of full cup test and numeric pain rating scale in the assessment of orofacial pain
Authors: Prethipa P Roland , Jimsha V K  , Daniel M Jonathan
Published: December 2021

Pain intensity is a common outcome domain assessed in pain clinical trials. The patient’s self-report is the gold standard and it appears to be embedded in everyday clinical practice. Most often pain assessment is considered to be the cornerstone for ideal treatment.

The aim of this study was to assess the dental patients’ level of pain using Full Cup Test (FCT) and Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), and to compare and validate the Full Cup Test in the assessment of orofacial pain with Numeric Pain Rating Scale.

A total of sixty patients presenting with various forms of orofacial pain were included in this cross-sectional study. Data collected include the patient demographic details and the diagnosis of each case was made after proper history taking, clinical examination and radiographic investigation. Pain assessment was done for each patient using both numeric pain rating scale and full cup test.

All the data were analysed using inferential statistics Mann Whitney test and the analysis was carried out with SPSS 17.The comparison of mean pain scores using full cup test and numeric pain rating scale shows there was significant differences between acute and chronic pain with P- value of 0.023 and 0.005 respectively. FCT had shown 83 percent sensitivity and 94 percent specificity.

Patients who presented with either acute or chronic dental conditions experienced moderate to severe level of pain. FCT is useful for both evaluating and discerning changes in pain and it can be used as a tool in pain assessment.
Iatrogenic subcutaneous emphysema – A case report
Authors: Gupta Vaishali , Singla Munish , Kaur Harleen , Mittal Litik
Published: December 2021

Subcutaneous tissue emphysema in general terms is defined as an abnormal presence of air under pressure, along or between fascial planes. A sudden blast of air, during an ongoing endodontic treatment or an endodontic surgery can sometimes cause movement of this air through the loose connective tissue layers to distant areas. In case of occurrence of emphysema, the condition should be carefully examined as the entire diagnosis is based merely on clinical examination. The clinician should be aware of the common causes, characteristic diagnostic features, possible complications and the management of the condition. This entrapped air in some cases is self healing and in some cases can lead to serious complications and death. The case report described is a successful management of unintentional and unfortunate tissue emphysema. The case report also emphasis on the importance of timely and accurate diagnosis of the condition.
Geopolitical aspects of navigation front of the Arctic in the XXI century: strategic routes for Russia and China
Authors: Oliveira Marianna
Published: December 2021

The 21st century is marked by changes in matters of power balancing and system polarity, which could be explained by Geopolitical theories. In this paper, we intend to investigate how the classical Geopolitical theories – such as the Heartland/Pivot Area theory, wrote down by Halford J. Mackinder, and the Sea Power theory, wrote down by Alfred T. Mahan – could be faced and readapted amid the new settles of strategic routes and military development needs, brought by the ice-melting of the Arctic Ocean. The study cases will concentrate on Russia and China, due to their recent investments in the opening of new strategic routes for navigation and trade, including the Arctic routes, demanding inputs on technologies, transport innovation, and military emulation. Working on a qualitative method, with analysis of primary sources (such as government documents on strategies for the Arctic), and secondary sources (such as books, articles, interviews and other published materials on the topic), we hypothesize that: (i) the classical theories never predicted the ice-melting of the Arctic Ocean, perceiving it as a natural shield, and not as a navigable pathway; (ii) that the Arctic defrosting opens up new strategic routes for other countries besides Russia and China, like Canada and the United States, emerging a new conflict spot due to their different interests around this opportunity. Based on that, the preliminary results point out that: (i) it is not possible to apply the classical theories of geopolitics to these new configurations of the international system, without at least a reinterpretation/readaptation to the current context, which would alter all the power dynamics predicted by its authors; (ii) Russia and China are readequating themselves to this new scenario, in order to gain some advantages in a hypothetical dispute for the Arctic control.
Behavior of Public Authorities in Conditions of Destructive Social Activity
Authors: Ossipov Vladimir
Published: December 2021

The article attempts to analyze the scenario of the behavior of public authorities in a situation of destructive social activity. The final list of scenarios is given, as well as their characteristics. Purpose of the study: to identify scenarios of behavior of public authorities in a situation of destructive social activity, to determine the most effective of them in terms of resolving a conflict situation at the lowest cost. Research methods: scenario analysis, institutional analysis, game theory, behavioral theory, D. North's theory of legal violence. Results: seven scenarios of behavior of public authorities in a situation of destructive social activity have been identified, a matrix of scenarios of behavior of public institutions as a reaction to destructive social activity has been compiled. Conclusions. The desire to turn a natural state into a free state according to D. North seems to be the only correct vector for the development of the state, since it is this type of state that is able not only to create effective institutional conditions for resolving social conflicts, but also to create incentives for the state, business and society to harmonious development. The article presents a diagnostic map for assessing the abilities of the digital infrastructure of public authorities to respond in a timely manner to the information needs and moods of young people, taking into account internal and external information influence.
Corn Leaf Disease Detection with Pertinent Feature Selection Model Using Machine Learning Technique with Efficient Spot Tagging Model
Authors: Noola Daneshwari Ashok , Basavaraju Dayananda Rangapura
Published: December 2021

Crop diseases constitute a substantial threat to food safety but, due to the lack of a critical basis, their rapid identification in many parts of the world is challenging. The development of accurate techniques in the field of image categorization based on leaves produced excellent results. Plant phenotyping for plant growth monitoring is an important aspect of plant characterization. Early detection of leaf diseases is crucial for efficient crop output in agriculture. Pests and diseases cause crop harm or destruction of a section of the plant, leading to lower food productivity. In addition, in a number of less-developed countries, awareness of pesticide management and control, as well as diseases, is limited. Some of the main reasons for decreasing food production are toxic diseases, poor disease control and extreme climate changes. The quality of farm crops may be influenced by bacterial spot, late blight, septoria and curved yellow leaf diseases. Because of automatic leaf disease classification systems, action is easy after leaf disease signs are detected. Applying image processing and machine learning methodologies, this research offers an efficient Spot Tagging Leaf Disease Detection with Pertinent Feature Selection Model using Machine Learning Technique (SPLDPFS-MLT). Different diseases deplete chlorophyll in leaves generating dark patches on the surface of the leaf. Machine learning algorithms can be used to identify image pre-processing, image segmentation, feature extraction and classification. Compared with traditional models, the proposed model shows that the model performance is better than those existing.
Evaluation of Inpatient Surgical Wards' Performance at the Hospitals Affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2018
Authors: Dehnavi Hamed , Rezaee Mehdi , Farough Khosravi Mohammad , Gharasi Manshadi Mahdi , Saeidpour Jalal
Published: December 2021

Background: Surgery wards account for a significant portion of hospital costs, followed by patient costs. Improving surgery wards' performance plays a major role in enhancing the accountability and efficiency of the hospital. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of inpatient surgical wards at the hospitals affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences(TUMS).
Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study was performed at all hospitals affiliated with TUMS in 2018. To measure the efficiency of these wards, three indicators have been considered; bed occupancy rate, the average length of stay, and bed turnover. Data have been analyzed using Excel software based on the Pabon Lasso model .
Results: Among the 15 active surgical departments, 5 (33.31 %) were categorized in quadrant three, including ophthalmology, obstetrics and gynecology, vascular and trauma surgery, plastic surgery, and infertility department. The oral and maxillofacial surgery and general surgery departments were the poorest in their performance and located in quadrant one. Ten surgical wards out of 38 (26.33 %) have reported a satisfactory performance.
Conclusion: Understanding and comparing the performance of clinical departments is also useful in making decisions for standardizing the patterns of health services delivery, evidence-based management in health care centers, and enhancing accountability in the health system. It is suggested that managers revise the departments in the inefficient area to reduce the number of inefficient departments or attract more patients by marketing, diversifying services, and increasing the quality of services.
Correlation Between Health Literacy and Quality of Life Among the Elderly: The Community Versa Nursing Home
Authors: Amiri Elham , Zargar Negin , Zahiri Mansour , Faraji-Khiavi Farzad
Published: December 2021

Background: Enhancing health literacy may improve health-related quality of life. Given the more educational programs in nursing homes, this study aimed to determine the relationship between health literacy and the quality of life among the elderly living in nursing homes and those living with their families in Ahvaz, Iran.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017. The research population was the elderly in Ahvaz city, Iran. This population consisted of two groups, those living in nursing homes and those who do not. There were 62 samples. Random cluster sampling was used to select the participants. The data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire as well as Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (TOFHLA) and LEIPAD questionnaires. The data were analyzed by independent t-test, Mann-Whitney test, Spearman correlation, and Chi-square test using SPSS 19.
Results: The mean health literacy of the elderly living in nursing homes estimated to be relatively desirable (3.60 ± 0.77) and the mean health literacy of the elderly not living in nursing homes was estimated to be relatively undesirable (2.30 ± 0.83). The quality of life was estimated to be moderate for both groups, the mean score for nursing homes was 2.65 ± 0.37 and for the community was 2.98 ± 0.52. Simple regression indicated that appraisal and decision, among the subscales of health literacy, are predicting factors for quality of life in the elderly.
Conclusion: Using self-help groups and the participation of the elderly in decision making as well as designing educational programs for identifying the accuracy of health information of the media and encouraging them to share health knowledge with others can ultimately improve quality of life in the elderly.
Customer Lifetime Value of Supplementary Health Insurance: An Analytical Model
Authors: Dehghani Ghale Roohollah , Karimi Farzad , Ghorbani Dinani Hassan
Published: December 2021

Background: With the number of insurance customers growing, insurance companies are trying new ways to retain customers and streamline communication channels to avoid loss of revenue. The present study set out to develop a model for a reliable analysis of customer lifetime value.
Methods: The present study was exploratory mixed method in design. The study took place in Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, located in Ahvaz, Iran. A total of 402 insurance experts and university staffers participated in the study. A cross-sectional data collection was done using semi-structured interviews (n = 22) and a questionnaire (n = 380). The latter was validated via a panel of content area experts, criterion-dependent validity (second-order confirmatory factor analysis), and divergent validity (cross-sectional load test and Fornell-Laker). Cronbach's alpha and combined reliability were - 0.8 and 0.8, respectively. A structural equation approach was employed to analyze data using Smart PLS software.
Results: Customer loyalty with an impact factor of 0.60 and T-statistic of 5.79, profitability with an impact factor of 0.55 and T-statistic of 3.75, customer co-creation with an impact factor of 0.28, and T-statistic of 2.7 have been identified as dimensions of customer lifetime value.
Conclusion: Measuring customer lifetime value to implement various strategies requires a deep understanding of such value dimensions as loyalty, profitability, and value creation.
The Effect of Water Boiled in Aluminum Cookwares on Genomic Abnormalities in the Meristematic Cells of Onion Root
Authors: Ekhlasi Fathiyeh , Zendehboodi Zahra
Published: December 2021

Introduction: One of the ways of human exposure to aluminum (Al) is Al food packaging materials and cookwares. Although many studies have examined the biotic influence of nanoparticles or ionic form of heavy metals, there are limited studies conducted on the possible health risks of metals in the form of alloy used for making utensils. In this study, the effect of water boiled in Al cookwares with defined concentrations of Al on the genomic abnormalities and cell division of meristematic cells of onion root was evaluated using Allium cepa assay.
Materials and Methods: The onion roots were treated with water boiled in Al utensils (three pots) with different concentrations of Al (5 and 10 mg/l) for 42 to 43 hours and then analyzed for mitotic index (MI) and mitotic phase aberrations (MPA).
Results: The percent of MI in the study groups treated with 5 mg/l of Al from pot 1 and 10 mg/l from all pots increased significantly compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Also, the frequency of total MPA in all Al treated groups significantly increased compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The most significant results were derived by sticky chromosomes, anaphase bridge, going ahead chromosome and disturbed mitosis, respectively.
Conclusion: The result of this study confirmed the genotoxic effect of water boiled in Al cookwares containing the examined range of Al concentrations on the meristematic cells of onion root.
Monitoring and Analyzing of the Relationship between Climatic Elements and Skin Cancer in the Years 2012-2014
Authors: Dastorani Mostafa , Safarianzengir Vahid , Salahi Bromand
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The present study investigated one of these types of disease (skin cancer) and its relationship with climatic parameters. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between climate change and skin cancer in Ardabil province.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive correlational study was conducted to investigate the effect of six climatic parameters (frost, sunny hours, minimum mean humidity, maximum absolute temperature, minimum absolute temperature, and mean temperature) on skin cancer in Ardabil province in a 3-year statistical period (2012-2014). The data were analyzed using the Spearman correlation relationship in SPSS version 24 software, also Minitab version 16 software was used for linear interpolation.
Results: According to the findings, the highest correlation (more than 95%) of skin cancer in three cities of Parsabad, Khalkhal, and Ardabil with the climatic parameter was related to minimum absolute temperature. However, in Khalkhal station in three years of study, sunny hours had the highest correlation and the lowest correlation was related to glacial climate parameter in all four cities. It can be said that the factors of sunny hours and maximum temperature have an effect on the incidence of skin cancer, and the minimum absolute temperature increases the exacerbation of this type of disease.
Conclusion: According to the results of statistical correlation and the effects of climatic parameters on skin cancer, it can be concluded that climate parameters are one of the effective factors in skin cancer.
Trend Analysis and Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Wet Bulb Globe Temperature as a Heat Stress Index in Iran during the Summer Season over a 30-year Period
Authors: Fallah Ghalhari Gholamabbas , Farhang Dehghan Somayeh , Akhlaghi Pirposhteh Elham , Asghari Mehdi
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Global warming is one of the most important environmental problems that have raised researchers’ attention. The present study aimed to analyze heat stress trends using the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) index in the country of Iran during the summer over a 30-year period.
Materials and Methods: Daily summertime statistical data regarding mean temperature and mean relative humidity, taken from 40 synoptic meteorological stations across Iran during a 30-year period were obtained from the Iranian National Meteorological Department. The De Martonne climate classification system was used to categorize various climate regions of Iran. The WBGT index was calculated using the formula given by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology. The Mann-Kendall statistical test and the Sen's slope estimator were used to analyze the trends of the WBGT index.
Results: The WBGT index had an upward trend during the three months of June, July, and August in 71.42%, 57.14%, and 66.66% of all stations and this trend was statistically significant in 53.32%, 50%, and 42.85% of those stations, respectively. Moreover, throughout the summer, 45% of the WBGT index measurements were in the medium range (18-23°C), 37.5% were in the high range (23-28°C), and 17.5% were in the very high range (> 28°C).
Conclusion: The WBGT index followed an upward trend during the summer, especially in semi-arid regions of Iran. Considering the phenomenon of global warming, it is essential to monitor, plan ahead, and take necessary precaution measures for sensitive populations who are at high risk areas of the country.
From the Genoese to the Perots: The Genoese Community in Byzantine/Ottoman Constantinople (14th–15th C.)
Authors: MERCAN Fatma Özden
Published: December 2021

This article focuses on the presence of the Genoese in the Eastern Mediterranean, their settlement in Constantinople and their diplomatic and commercial relations with the Byzantines and the Ottomans in the context of the changes and transformations that occurred during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Establishing a semi-autonomous rule in Pera/Constantinople during the late Byzantine period, the Genoese became important settlers of the imperial city connecting it with the Black Sea and the Mediterranean through their trading networks and colonies. Although the conquest of Constantinople by the Ottomans in 1453 changed the status of the Genoese community, most of the Genoese families continued to stay in this city and adapted themselves to the newly emerging conditions. This article will dwell on the experiences of the Genoese under the Byzantine and Ottoman rules and examine how they handled co-existing with a society of differing faith, language and culture. It will also discuss how the Genoese sought to keep their commercial interests and maintain their order in the vibrant and cosmopolitan setting of Ottoman Constantinople.
Paisagens mais-do-que-humanas transfronteiriças no sul do Brasil: o caso do Lami, Porto Alegre
Authors: Osório Andréa Barbosa , Da Silveira Flávio Leonel Abreu , Gonçalves Bárbara
Published: December 2021

O presente trabalho é uma incursão preliminar da pesquisa em andamento acerca de uma área de proteção ambiental ao sul de Porto Alegre (RS), a Reserva Biológica do Lami José Lutzenberger (REBIOLJL), situada numa zona de tensão entre espaços rurais e urbanos. O campo foi efetuado em dois períodos curtos por uma das autoras e em período longo pelos demais autores. O objetivo do artigo é pensar as interações entre a fauna doméstica e a silvestre no escopo da REBIOLJL, sobretudo sua zona de amortecimento, a partir da noção de paisagem, neste caso, permeada por encontros multiespecíficos.
A PREFERÊNCIA PELA LIQUIDEZ E O COMPORTAMENTO DOS BANCOS NA OFERTA DE CRÉDITO EM REGIÕES PERIFÉRICAS: UM ESTUDO PARA O ESTADO DO PARÁ
Authors: Lemos Nathalia Wanzeler , Vogt Camila
Published: December 2021

O presente trabalho visa avaliar o impacto da preferência pela liquidez dos bancos e do público na disponibilidade de crédito nos municípios paraenses. Adotou-se a técnica econométrica de dados em painel empilhado (pooled) e os resultados mostraram que para o período de 2010 a 2017 a preferência pela liquidez dos bancos afetou negativamente a oferta de crédito nos municípios do Pará, o que condiz com a teoria abordada, enquanto a preferência pela liquidez do público apresentou uma relação positiva, representando que existe uma distorção entre a oferta de crédito dos bancos e o comportamento dos agentes. Além disso, utilizando dummy regional, foi possível verificar que a disponibilidade de crédito é maior em municípios mais desenvolvidos. Com isso, há evidências significativas de que a preferência pela liquidez é um importante fator na explicação da tendência à concentração regional do crédito nos municípios paraenses.
AVOADO: PESCA E CULTURA ALIMENTAR NA AMAZÔNIA
Authors: Paixão Deylson Silva , Saraiva Luís Junior Costa
Published: December 2021

A produção audiovisual faz parte de uma pesquisa com pescadores na praia de Ponta Grossa em Viseu-Pará, sobre práticas alimentares em espaço de pesca amazônico e sobre o processo denominado avoado. Conta com a colaboração de moradores locais que enriquecem ainda mais o trabalho e a pesquisa.  Assista aqui.
La doctrina de la sustitución constitucional en Colombia: una aproximación a la Jurisprudencia constitucional
Authors: Jiménez Ramírez Milton César , Arboleda Ramírez Paulo Bernardo
Published: December 2021

La sustitución implica el reemplazo o la limitación excesiva de un elemento definitorio o estructural de la constitución en el marco de la reforma constitucional. Se ha establecido como una metodología judicial para discernir si una reforma constitucional puede ser inconstitucional. Este estudio hace una aproximación al concepto de la sustitución de la constitución en Colombia, instaurado a través de la jurisprudencia de la Corte Constitucional, con el fin de determinar sus principales fundamentos y requisitos de aplicación. Esta investigación se divide en dos partes: i) La identificación de las principales razones utilizadas por el Tribunal constitucional para fundar esta doctrina, especialmente el concepto de defensa de la supremacía constitucional y el poder constituyente; ii) evidenciar la evolución de la doctrina desde su surgimiento en el 2003 hasta el 2019; finalmente, se presentarán las conclusiones relacionadas con la posibilidad que la sustitución se convierta en una extralimitación judicial. Esta investigación utilizó el método bibliográfico o documental con enfoque hermenéutico y analítico, específicamente para la identificación y estudio de la jurisprudencia constitucional.

Recibido: 29.07.2021Aceptado: 13.12.2021
Simón Castellano, Pere, Justicia cautelar e inteligencia artificial. La alternativa a los atávicos heurísticos judiciales, J. M. Bosch Editor, Barcelona, 2021, 260 pp., ISBN 978-84-123154-0-0.
Authors: Dorado Ferrer Javier
Published: December 2021

De acuerdo con la Real Academia Española, «autómata» es, entre varios usos del término, la persona que actúa sin reflexión. La definición conlleva cierta paradoja porque, según la etimología griega y latina del término («αὐτόματα» y «automăta» respectivamente), el uso histórico de la palabra, recogido en la literatura clásica, estaba circunscrito a la máquina, ingenio o artilugio que operaba de forma individual, emulando en cierto sentido a los seres vivos.
Derecho a la verdad y cánones de veracidad
Authors: Galdámez Morales Ana
Published: December 2021

Que el hecho narrado se ajuste a la verdad —a la realidad—resulta indiferente; lo esencial de cara a la protección constitucional de la información —además de la relevancia pública—es que se respete el límite de la veracidad. Un concepto que ha quedado obsoleto en el contexto de la comunicación digital y requiere de una reformulación conforme a las circunstancias de nuestro presente. En este sentido, el perfil de quien ejerce el derecho resulta determinante: no es posible aplicar el mismo concepto de veracidad a la redacción de un periodista —profesional de los medios de comunicación, sujeto a un deber de diligencia—que al discurso que un ciudadano publica en sus redes sociales. Ha cambiado el paradigma comunicativo y, con él, deben hacerlo las categorías jurídicas y los parámetros normativos que manejamos. Partiendo de esta premisa, el presente trabajo ha sido elaborado en clave propositiva para sugerir el tránsito desde el concepto clásico de veracidad, hacia un abanico integrado por diversos cánones de veracidad. 

Recibido: 23.11.2021Aceptado: 13.12.2021
HDR10+ Concepts, Principles, Capabilities and Advantages for the Next-Generation of Brazilian Broadcasting System (TV 3.0)
Authors: Vaz Rodrigo Admir , Alves Luiz Gustavo , Larson Steve
Published: December 2021

This paper aims to briefly introduce the current Brazilian DTV scenario towards the next generation DTT system (TV 3.0) as well as HDR (High Dynamic Range) principles, features and applications. Different HDR formats have been proposed along the history with different features and purposes. One of them is the HDR10+ technology that can provide powerful advantages and benefits related to picture quality and based on dynamic metadata system. HDR10+ is being adopted by major international digital terrestrial TV systems and other standardizations bodies. In this scenario TV 3.0 can take advantage of HDR10+ to improve the overall system from industry perspective, and consequently delivering a consistent user experience.
INCREASE OF WEAR RESISTANCE OF CUTTING TOOLS FOR PROCESSING IRON-CARBON ALLOYS
Authors: Timofeeva Larisa Andreevna , Komarova Anna Leonidovna
Published: December 2021

The article considers the problem of the development of environmental-friendly technology of drawingof strengthening coatings on cutting tools for processing iron-carbon alloys.The studies have used methods for determining the tribological properties of the tool materialsdepending on the speed of sliding surfaces. In the work of the mechanism of wear process tool cubic boron nitride and metal ceramics. Proposedthe method of application of protective coatings.Given the nature and chemical composition of superhard materials and composite materials proposedand partially tested a method of chemical-thermal spraying of oxide coatings, the essence of which is theimpact (30...60 min) superheated (600 OC) vapour aqueous solution (3 %) of the various salts on the workingsurface of the tool.The technological process of causing of oxide coverages is tested in a laboratory stove, simple,inexpensive, high-performance, ecologically clean.In the future it is necessary to conduct a study of the diffusion and physico-chemical processesoccurring in the surface layers of cutting plates during chemical-thermal processing and as a result ofmechanical treatment. In addition, should continue studies towards a greater variation of the parameters ofthe process of chemical-thermal processing tool - temperature, chemical composition and concentration ofthe saturating environment. This will enable them optimization, as well as specify the chemical compositionof the coating.
ANALYSIS OF THE METHODS TO RESTORE CAMSHAFTS OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
Authors: Leniv Yaroslav
Published: December 2021

The article analyzed the methods and technologies of restoration the camshaft of internal combustionengine, their advantages and disadvantages , as well as working conditions couple camshaft cam − lifter.Found, that there is currently no rational way of recovery, which combined have a high performance, costeffectiveness, as well as high wear resistance of the camshaft cam and lifter.Requirement to ensure high wear couples camshaft cam - lifter is of particular relevance due to thefact that the currently increasing engine power, by increasing the speed of the crankshaft.In this regard, it is urgent search for new universal recovery technologies camshafts internalcombustion engines, that can increase the service life of the reduced camshaft, to ensure environmentalcleanliness recovery process, reduce the cost and complexity of repairs, ensure high durability couplescamshafts cam − lifter.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA PESCA COM REDE SERREIRA NO MUNICÍPIO DE RAPOSA-MA = CHARACTERIZATION OF FISHING WITH DRIFT GILLNET IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF RAPOSA-MA
Authors: Ferreira Helen Roberta Silva , Silva Marcelo Henrique Lopes , Azevedo James Werllen de Jesus , Soares Leonardo Silva , Bandeira Arkley Marques , Castro Antonio Carlos Leal
Published: December 2021

Com o propósito de estimar a produção do peixe serra (Scomberomorus brasiliensis) e de sua fauna acompanhante, foram acompanhados desembarques de uma embarcação componente da frota serreira que atua ao longo do litoral maranhense e está sediada no município de Raposa. O controle nos desembarques caracterizou a composição e abundância dos pescados no período de janeiro de 2009 a dezembro de 2010, totalizando 17 desembarques. Um total de 27 espécies pertencentes a 16 famílias e 8 ordens, foram registradas nos desembarques. Em relação ao peso, a família Scombridae superou as demais, representando 50,02% da biomassa, seguida da Sciaenidae (21,60%) e Carangidae (11,13%). As 6 principais espécies desembarcadas, respondem por 81% do total desembarcado, destacando-se Scomberomorus brasiliensis, Cynoscion microlepidotus e Sarda sarda. Das espécies capturadas, 74,07% foram classificadas como acidentais, as espécies acessórias não ultrapassaram 14,81%, enquanto as constantes foram representadas em menos de 11,11% dos desembarques. O rendimento médio estimado das pescarias na região foi de 361 Kg/hora.AbstractTo estimate the production of Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus brasiliensis) and its by-catch were accompanied by a landing craft fleet serreira component that acts along the coast of Maranhão and is based in the Raposa. The control landings characterized the composition and abundance of fish in the period January 2009 to December 2010, a total of 17 landings. A total of 27 species belonging to 16 families and eight orders were recorded in the landings. A total of 27 species belonging to 16 families and 8 orders were recorded in the landings. Regarding weight, the family Scombridae surpassed the others, representing 50.02% of the biomass, then the Sciaenidae (21.60%) andCarangidae (11.13%). Six species account for approximately 81% of total landings, most abundant being Scomberomorus brasiliensis, Cynoscion microlepidotus and Sarda sarda. Of the species caught, 74.07% were classified as accidental, the species accessory did not exceed 14.81%, while the constants were represented in less than 11.11% of the landings. The estimated average yield of the fisheries in the region was 361 kg / hour.
Dilemas e alternativas do uso das redes e mídias sociais no processo de aprendizagem
Authors: SOUTO CAIO , MARTINS IASMIM
Published: December 2021

O texto parte de uma constatação das limitações do uso das mídias digitais e das redes sociais no âmbito educacional, especialmente considerando-se um país tão desigual como o Brasil. Em seguida, contudo, abordamos certos modos possíveis de ações propositivas cuja raiz se encontra na situação de crise sanitária provocada pelo novo coronavírus, partindo de experiências concretas com a docência, com o atendimento clínico e com o uso das mídias digitais e das redes sociais.Palavras-Chave: Redes sociais. Coronavírus. Mídias digitais. Clínica. Neoliberalismo. Dilemmas and alternatives of the use of social media and networks in the learning processABSTRACT This text begins from a constatation about the limits of the use of digital media and social networks in the educational scope, especially considering a country as unequal as Brazil. Then, however, we address certain possible modes of propositional actions that are rooted in the situation of health crisis caused by the new coronavirus, starting from concrete experiences with teaching, with clinical care and with the use of digital media and social networks.Keywords: Social networks. Coronavirus. Digital media. Clinical care. Neoliberalism.
Motivação e experiência educacionais dos alunos e professores no contexto de ferramentas digitais no período de pandemia
Authors: LOPES LUIZ MANOEL
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo aborda a experiência educacional em tempos de pandemia, na relação bilateral aluno e professor, frente às novas ferramentas digitais. O objetivo é apresentar o ambiente familiar como motivação para o aluno, buscando lançar um novo olhar para a prática pedagógica, voltada para ferramentas educacionais e tecnologias digitais. Nesse novo cenário, percebemos também novos hábitos do aprendizado. A metodologia do presente estudo, de caráter descritivo e exploratório, aborda estudo bibliográfico e documental em que se discutem as contribuições das tecnologias digitais para a motivação dos alunos diante do processo de aprendizagem no momento em que se enfrenta a pandemia do novo Coronavírus. O artigo traz como contribuição uma breve análise do processo de aprendizagem da relação bilateral e do conhecimento prático através das ferramentas tecnológicas, novas habilidades pedagógicas, e no desenvolvimento educacional tecnológico.Palavras-chaves: Ambiente motivador. Ferramentas tecnológicas. Habilidades tecnológicas. COVID-19. Motivation and educational experience of students and teachers in the context of digital tools in the pandemic period. ABSTRACTThis article discusses the educational experience in times of pandemic, in the bilateral relationship between student and teacher, in the face of new digital tools. The objective is to present the family environment as motivation for the student, seeking to launch a new look at pedagogical practice, focused on educational tools and digital technologies. In this new scenario, we also noticed new learning habits. The methodology of this study, of descriptive and exploratory character, addresses bibliographic and documentary study in which the contributions of digital technologies to the motivation of students in the learning process are discussed at the moment when the pandemic of the new Coronavirus is faced. A brief analysis of the learning process of the bilateral relationship and practical knowledge through technological tools, new pedagogical skills, and technological educational development.Keywords: Motivating environment. Technological tools. Technological skills
A Ontologia de Deleuze e as Experiências de Deligny: como instaurar existências mínimas
Authors: MACHADO CARLOS HENRIQUE
Published: December 2021

Se o Ser for suposto como uma solução provisória, uma ontologia deve poder pensar seu inacabamento como realidade essencial de sua natureza. É nesse sentido que se coloca a ontologia de Gilles Deleuze, pronta a pensar, a partir daí, um estado do Ser a se caracterizar por movimentos de liberação de linhas que desarticulam o já formado e permitem suas determinações escapar das relações já individuadas. A partir da articulação da ontologia deleuzeana com as experiências de Fernand Deligny com crianças autistas não verbais, nos será possível confrontar as formas hegemônicas de existir com modos de existência singulares que se afirmam em sua diferença ingovernável. Refratários a serem adaptados a partir de qualquer medida padrão, constituindo-se como uma deriva às formas hegemônicas e um desvio que permite se escapar ao controle, tais experiências nos colocam diante de uma deriva que mantêm a perspectiva da desmesura de existências mínimas sempre inacabadas.Palavras-chave: Deleuze. Deligny. Ontologia. Autistas. Corpo sem órgãos. Deriva. Deleuze's Ontology and Deligny's Experiences: How to Establish ABSTRACTIf Being is supposed to be a provisional solution, an ontology must be able to think of its unfinished business as an essential reality of its nature. It is in this sense that Gilles Deleuze's ontology is placed, ready to think, from there, on a state of Being to be characterized by movements of liberation of lines that disarticulate what has already been formed and allow its determinations to escape from the relations already individuated. From the articulation of Deleuzian ontology with Fernand Deligny's experiences with non-verbal autistic children, it will be possible for us to confront the hegemonic forms of existence with singular modes of existence that assert themselves in their ungovernable difference. Refractories to be adapted from any standard measure, constituting a drift to hegemonic forms and a deviation that allows one to escape control, such experiences place us in front of a drift that maintains the perspective of the disproportion of minimal existences that are always unfinished.Keywords: Deleuze. Deligny. Ontology. Autistic. Body without organs. Drift.
Tension in the Field of Art: The Practical Tattoo Artist and Perceptions of the Fine Art Community
Authors: Hall Gregory M.
Published: December 2021

This is an ethnographic study utilizing observation and in-depth interviews. The following research analyzes a collaborative circle of tattoo artists and its tension with the fine art community. The tension is a result of perceptions of the fine art community and the nature of tattoo shops as enterprises. This article contributes to the understanding of collaborative circles by incorporating taste distinctions and a formal group element, the enterprise. Taste distinctions and the enterprise allow artists to erect boundaries between themselves and others in the art community.
Entering Discourses: A New Agenda for Qualitative Research and Sociology of Knowledge
Authors: Keller Reiner
Published: December 2021

The article argues for a new agenda in qualitative research and sociology of knowledge. It starts with the assumption that meaning-making activities which lie at the heart of sociology’s interpretative paradigm today are widely embedded in expert proceedings and organized or institutionalized work on symbolic ordering. This holds true for the sciences or other specialized discourse realms (like religion), but it also counts for public discourses/public arenas. While interpretative traditions in sociology have addressed issues of discourse research, they did not succeed in establishing a proper sociological approach to discourse. Therefore, the article proposes a sociology of knowledge approach to discourse (SKAD), located in the social constructivist tradition of Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann. Such an approach is able to account for discourses as processes of symbolic ordering and to take up questions of discourse research raised by French philosopher Michel Foucault. Foucault indeed insisted on discourses as “truth games” and activities which set up knowledge claims. But, this interest in politics of knowledge has not so far been taken up in today’s arenas of discourse research. Therefore, SKAD proposes concepts and procedures for a new agenda of sociology of knowledge, deeply committed to qualitative and interpretative research traditions in sociology.