bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Dispatching Coordination Control Method of Distribution Network with Photovoltaic Power Generation
Authors: Yang Zhongfan
Published: September 2023

The coordination control of photovoltaic power distribution networks faces challenges such as inaccurate load power prediction and long coordination times. To address these issues, this paper proposes a scheduling coordination control method for photovoltaic power distribution networks. The method involves analyzing the structure of the photovoltaic power generation system, obtaining the operation state of the network using disturbance observation methods, building a dispatching coordination control model, designing constraints for dispatching coordination control, building a power balance function, and solving the total demand power of the load. An algorithm flow is designed to optimize the coordination control of photovoltaic distribution networks. Experimental results demonstrate that the accuracy of photovoltaic unit power prediction using this method reaches 98%, with power grid dispatching and coordination control times always less than 3.8 seconds. This approach effectively improves the effectiveness of distribution network dispatching and coordination control.
Reactive Power Optimization of Distributed PVConnected to Three-Phase Unbalanced Distribution Network
Authors: Kuang Zijia
Published: September 2023

This study presents an approach to optimize reactive power in three-phase unbalanced distribution networks using an enhanced particle swarm optimization algorithm. The study analyzes the characteristics of reactive power optimization and establishes a reactive power optimization model for the distribution network using a multi-objective optimization method. Inequality constraints are utilized to determine the reactive power optimization model constraints for three-phase unbalanced distribution networks. The study applies an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm to solve the reactive power model and achieve optimization. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method considerably reduces the unused power of the optimized power network within 0-500ms and achieves a maximum reactive power optimization time of fewer than 8.2s, thereby enhancing the efficiency of reactive power optimization in distribution networks.
Quantum approximate optimization algorithm parameter prediction using a convolutional neural network
Authors: Xie Ningyi , Lee Xinwei , Cai Dongsheng , Saito Yoshiyuki , Asai Nobuyoshi
Published: September 2023

The Quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a quantum-classical hybrid algorithm aiming to produce approximate solutions for combinatorial optimization problems. In the QAOA, the quantum part prepares a quantum parameterized state that encodes the solution, where the parameters are optimized by a classical optimizer. However, it is difficult to find optimal parameters when the quantum circuit becomes deeper. Hence, there is numerous active research on the performance and the optimization cost of QAOA. In this work, we build a convolutional neural network to predict parameters of depth p + 1 QAOA instance by the parameters from the depth p QAOA counterpart. We propose two strategies based on this model. First, we recurrently apply the model to generate a set of initial values for a certain depth QAOA. It successfully initiates depth 10 QAOA instances, whereas each model is only trained with the parameters from depths less than 6. Second, the model is applied repetitively until the maximum expected value is reached. An average approximation ratio of 0.9759 for Max-Cut over 264 Erdős–Rényi graphs is obtained, while the optimizer is only adopted for generating the first input of the model.
Quantum properties of nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond coupled to mechanical resonators
Authors: Liao Qinghong , Xiao Min , Qiu Haiyan , Song Menglin
Published: September 2023

The optical absorption spectrum of the hybrid system composed of the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center coupled to the mechanical resonators is. investigated. Based on the pump-probe technology, the electronically induced transparency (EIT) is observed and the reasonable explanation for this transparency is given. We demonstrate that the position of the transparency is equal to the detuning difference. In addition, a completely new scheme to measure the coupling between the NV center and current carrying carbon nanotube mechanical resonator is obtained. Furthermore, an optical approach to measure the frequency of the vibrating graphene mechanical resonator is proposed. This work can provide some help for the application in the field of high-precision measurement and quantum information processing.
A depth discrimination method based on the scintillation of frequency domain
Authors: Wang Xueyan , Gao Yuan
Published: September 2023

An innovative algorithm of target depth discrimination suitable for passive horizontal array in shallow sea is discussed in this paper. Based on the idea of modal scintillation theory, a new target depth discrimination method of high calculation speed for horizontal array is proposed by analysing the commonness between frequency domain energy of low-frequency broadband signals and modal excitation. This method avoids the mode decomposition of the horizontal array signals, greatly reduces the complexity, improves the stability, has a fast calculation speed and can perform the real-time depth judgment. In this paper, the principle of the algorithm is derived in detail in the theoretical aspect, and then the algorithm is simulated in the shallow sea environment to verify its effectiveness, and the influence of different influencing factors on the performance of the algorithm is explored. At the same time, the algorithm is verified by the actual experimental data and achieves good results, indicating that the algorithm has certain practical application value in the target depth discrimination domain.
A port and starboard fuzziness suppressed algorithm based on vector directivity zero
Authors: Chen Nuo , Gao Yuan
Published: September 2023

Conventional linear array based on acoustic pressure hydrophone can not distinguish the target signal from the port side, so it can not locate the target accurately. The vector hydrophone has natural directivity and can be resolved from starboard to starboard after being formed. However, in practical engineering, it is necessary to further improve the resolution of starboard to starboard because of noise or interference, etc. A new method of port and starboard suppression based on directivity of vector linear array is proposed. The simulation results show that the starboard suppression ratio of vector beam output is enhanced. Experimental data processing results show that this method can suppress the starboard ambiguity of vector beamforming and improve the starboard resolution of vector linear array. The processing results verify the feasibility of the algorithm, and the algorithm has certain application value.
Research on the simulation environment of hard X-ray nanoprobe beamline station
Authors: Liu Yuhao , Li Aiguo , He Yan , Zheng Lifang , Zhao Ying
Published: September 2023

In the hard X-ray nanoprobe beamline station, experiments need to be performed by adjusting the optical equipment in order to obtain good beamline performance. Due to many factors, only through the use of intelligent optimization, the beamline performance can be quickly improved. Therefore, an intelligent optimization method is proposed in this work to improve the performance of the beamline rapidly by using an adaptive algorithm to optimize the motor shaft of each device. Moreover, this paper introduces the simulation environment of the hard X-ray nanoprobe beamline equipment. In this environment, a multi-axis parallel optimization model of several optical devices is designed, and the ionization chamber feedback is replaced by Rastrigin function. Furthermore, the differential evolution algorithm is used to verify the model. The optimization tests of multiple devices in the beamline are carried out, and the automatic optimization of the devices is realized. As for the theoretical result, the designed intelligent beamline optimization program is capable of converging to the optimal value within 3-6 minutes on the simulation platform, this automated process could potentially enhance beamline adjusting efficiency by 10-20 times compared to manual beamline adjusting.
The active control study of a damped two-level smart spring system
Authors: Li Zhenkun , Liu Chen , Cheng Qiyou , Lu Xing , Feng Zhizhuang , Xing Longtao
Published: September 2023

The vibration reduction performance of a damped two-level smart spring system is studied. The governing equations of the smart spring system are reduced to a first-order ordinary differential equation of matrix form. An active control algorithm employing the relative velocity relationships between the primary and auxiliary systems to prevent the movement of the controlled object is applied in the simulation. Different excitation types are considered to fully examine the validity of the control law. Responses of the controlled object under the control law are obtained and compared to the case of constant friction and the case of no control. The study indicates that the active control algorithm shows a good vibration reduction efficiency and a wide vibration reduction bandwidth.
Position estimation of fuel ball blockage in pipeline
Authors: Zhou Yihang , Xiao Yufeng , Xie Yuehui
Published: September 2023

When the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor is working, lots of fuel balls are transfered in the core pipelines. To enhance the operation efficiency, this paper proposes a simple and feasible estimation method for pipeline blockage detection. This method steps include as follows: Firstly, the three-dimensional models of possible blockage pipelines are formulated; once the blockage breaks out, the radiation counting rates are collected along a predefined route; subsequently, the estimation space is set from above models, and the particle filter algorithm is executed to complete the processes of weight updating, normalization and resampling; finally, the blockage position is calculated from the convergent particle set. Simulation experiments showed that this method could effectively work and accurately estimate the blockage location.
Probabilistic simulation model of resilience assessment of natural gas pipeline systems
Authors: Yang Zhaoming , Xiang Qi , He Qian , Zio Enrico , Faber Michael Havbro , Su Huai , Zhang Jinjun
Published: September 2023

The study for the natural gas pipeline system (NGPS), particularly about the resilience evaluation, is still in its early stages. Resilience is a hot point in the most important aspects of system security assessment. An integrated simulation model is presented for assessing the gas supply of NGPS, incorporating the topological and operational circumstances. This model takes different forms of disruptions into consideration. Analysis is done on the properties of probabilistic disturbances. The novel ideas include the global resilience and temporal resilience as the indicators for evaluating resilience. By integrating the maximum flow algorithm and the shortest path algorithm with operational and structural parameters, the gas supply volume and routes were determined before and after system disturbances. Based on the theories of complex network and graph theory, researchers have moved the traditional viewpoint from the entire system to the affected regions. The use of simulation models in research can facilitate the development of pre-warning for natural gas supply systems (NGPS), including optimization of gas supply amount and supply routes arrangement, as well as formulation of pipeline maintenance strategies. In addition, simulation models can also support the rapid analysis of disturbance results, thus improving the accuracy of resilience evaluation for NGPS.
Rural agroindustry development based on prime commodities in Soppeng regency
Authors: Sahruni  , Latief R , Achmad M
Published: September 2023

Rural agroindustry business is one of the efforts to increase the added value of agricultural products in rural areas. This is supported by the availability of raw materials in the areas. This research aims to determine priority commodities and agroindustrial products for rural agroindustrial scale, and create their development strategies in Soppeng Regency. This study used primary data obtained from observations and interviews with relevant agencies and parties, and secondary data obtained from the literature of relevant sources. The determination of priority commodities and agroindustrial products was analysed using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Research results showed three priority commodities, namely rice (0.358), corn (0.320), Cocoa (0.188). It was identified that priority products for rural agroindustry development were rice flour (0.244), chocolate drink (0.185), and corn chips (0.167). Furthermore, the development of rural agroindustry in Soppeng regency was focused on 3 (three) selected priority products; rice flour, chocolate drinks and corn chips. These efforts were, started with an acceleration of technology transfer, especially post-harvest handling for high quality raw materials, good manufacturing practices and product marketing.
Roadmap for value chain analysis on broiler marketing in Makassar
Authors: Asbal A H , Siregar A R , Sirajuddin S N
Published: September 2023

Makassar City is a potential area for the development of the broiler marketing value chain. The main challenge in developing the broiler value chain is high price fluctuations, both input and output. Value chain analysis on broiler marketing in Makassar aims to identify and analyze value chain channels, distribution of costs and benefits, as well as market characteristics. Analysis of the distribution of costs and benefits is carried out using the Hayami method. The results of the research show that there are irregular price fluctuations and imbalances in market structure at each level of the value chain. Each marketing chain of broiler chickens in Makassar City gains a disproportionate profit at each marketing level with the value creation contribution made and the risks borne by each marketing level. The total profits of large retailers are greater than those of brokers and small retailers, while the value creation activities and risks of large retailers are smaller than those of brokers. Unnatural fluctuations in the price of chicken meat are the impact of the government’s lack of role as a supervisor and regulator in the value chain activities of broiler marketing. The development of the broiler marketing value chain must focus on regulatory oversight, improving access to markets, information and capital to increase the competitiveness of business actors.
An overview of cocoa nibs shell waste potential to achieve sustainable agriculture
Authors: Izzah S N , Brugman E , Baladraf TT , Rachmadita F
Published: September 2023

Around 40 cocoa industries were established in Indonesia, and about 400 thousand kg of cacao beans were used for end-product. Deforestation decreases the productivity of cocoa beans and increases greenhouse gas emissions. Besides, 80% of cocoa fruit also consists of pod, shell, and pulp, contributing to residual biomass increment in cocoa industries. Research on cocoa biomass potencies has been carried out in cocoa plantations and the cocoa industry. Cocoa shells have several chemical compounds that benefit agriculture products and environments, such as minerals and nutritional compositions. Cocoa Nibs Shell (CNS), one of the by-products of cocoa processing, wastes about 13% of its production. Therefore, this research aims to give an overview and determine the potential use of CNS waste in agriculture by analyzing the bioactive compound in CNS to add more value to cocoa waste and reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the waste. The authors used X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) to identify the bioactive compound in CNS. Subsequently, several bioactive compounds found in the XRF assay were P2O5, SO3, K2O, TiO2, MnO, Fe2O3, NiO, CuO, ZnO, Rb2O, SrO, BaO, Yb2O3, Re2O7. These bioactive compounds have a positive benefit in agriculture. MnO and Fe2O compounds are essential for fertilizer application. P2O5 and SO3 have potential benefits in crop protection. Moreover, CNS has a great characterization which is potential for biochar and bio-adsorbent on water irrigation treatment since it has carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen compounds. Those potencies are also essential to reduce industrial waste in cocoa and to achieve sustainability.
Optimizing the use of submergence and drought tolerant rice varieties to reduce the impact of climate change on swampland
Authors: Khairullah I , Saleh M , Yustisia  , Riyanto D
Published: September 2023

The swamplands are one among the possibe suboptimal land for agriculture. The land consists of tidal swamplands and freshwater land that are wide obstainable in Indonesia. The hydrotopography of tidal swampland is powerfully influenced by tide and neap tide of water, whereas in freshwater land it’s for the most part determined by precipitation. Drought, flooding or deep inundation, and shifts in rainfall patterns as a result of extreme temperature change have an impact on agriculture in decreasing food crop production, significantly for rice in swamplands. One strategy in anticipating the impact of climate change in agriculture, particularly food crops (rice) is to use submergence and drought tolerant varieties still as early maturing rice varieties. Rice varieties tolerant of submergence in swamplands like Inpara 3, Inpara 4, Inpara 5, Inpari 29, and Inpari 30 Ciherang sub1. Whereas drought tolerant varieties such as Inpari 18, Inpari 19, Inpari 20, Inpago 4, Inpago 5, Inpago 6, Inpago-8, and Inpago Lipigo-4. In addition to avoiding drought, early-maturing aged rice varieties such as Hipa 6 Jete, Inpari Si Denuk are often used, Inpari-34 Salin Agritan, Cakra Buana Agritan, Inpari 12 and Inpari 13. The purpose of this paper is to explain how planting submergence and drought-tolerant rice varieties can reduce the effects of climate change on swamp agriculture. It is expected to significantly reduce the effects of climate change for agriculture in swamplands by treating submergence and drought tolerance and early maturing varieties.
Supply chain analysis and cocoa certification partnership patterns in East Kolaka District
Authors: Khatimah H , Mahyuddin  , Fudjaja L
Published: September 2023

This study aims to analyze product flow, financial flow and information flow of certified and non-certified cocoa supply chain in East Kolaka Patent District. The method used in determining the sample is rendom sampling the number of company-assisted certified farmers in East Kolaka Regency spread across 2 sub-districts (Aere and Lambandia) with a population of 763 people and non-certified cocoa farmers in 4 sub-districts (Aere, Lambandia, Poli-Polia and Rate-Rate) with a population of 328 people, then using the snowball method to determine other prospective respondents. The research method used is qualitative descriptive. The certified and non-certified cocoa supply chain in East Kolaka Regency has 3 (three) streams, namely product flow, financial flow and information flow. The flow of certified cocoa products flows from farmers, traders, collectors and exporters. Financial flows flow from exporters to farmers. And a stream of information flows from exporters to farmers. While non-certified cocoa product flow flows from farmers, traders, collectors and other companies. Financial flows flow from collectors to farmers and information flows from collectors to farmers.
Assessment of carbon and nitrogen distribution on several soil orders for sustainable management in dryland farming: A Case Study in Aceh Besar Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Sufardi S , Arabia T , Khairullah K , Rusdi M , Khalil M , Ilyas I , Zainabun Z , Abdullah UH
Published: September 2023

The study was based on the distribution of soil carbon and nitrogen orders in a dryland farming system in Aceh Besar District, Indonesia. Soil samples were taken to represent 6 (six) soil orders in the drylands of Aceh Besar, namely: Andisols, Entisols, Inceptisols, Mollisols, Oxisols, and Ultisols. For each soil order, 5 observation profiles were made, and each soil profile was sampled at 7 (seven) soil depths from 0-100 cm, namely: 0-0.05 m; 0.05-0.10 m; 0.10-0.20m; 0.20-0.30m; 0.03-0.50m; 0.05-0.70 m; and 0.07-1.00 m so that there are 210 soil samples. The Walkley and Black method was used to analyze the soil’s carbon content, while the Kjeldahl method was used to determine the soil’s total nitrogen. The total C and N content of the soil in the dryland of Aceh Besar varies greatly depending on the soil order. The highest distribution of C and N in the soil profile is found at a depth of 0.10-0.30 m. Soil C and N content at a depth of 0-1.0 m in the Andisols order are higher than other soil orders. The C content of the topsoil (0-30 cm) ranged from 0.7-6.9% while the N content varied from 0.07-0.56%. The order of N and C content of soil according to soil order is: Andisols>Mollisols>Entisols>Inceptisols >Oxisols>Ultisols.
The effect of bioactivator formulation on nutritional quality and functional microbial content in goat feces biofertilizer
Authors: Istanti A , Indraloka A B , Junaedi A S , Ton S
Published: September 2023

Changes in lifestyle and the negative impact of chemicals make people aware of the dangers of consuming food products containing chemical residues so many people switch consuming organic food. Black rice is one of the kinds of rice that is widely consumed as an organic functional food because of its antioxidant and dietary fiber content. Black rice has been rarely cultivated because it longer harvests age and lower productivity than white rice. The way to increase the production and quality of black rice is by applying manure or biofertilizer, which contains the nutrients needed by plants. This study aimed to find bioactivator formulation that has the highest nutrients and functional microbes’ content in biofertilizer. This study used a completely randomized design with five bio activator treatments: Bacillus, Trichoderma, Saccharomyces, Bacillus + Trichoderma, Bacillus + Saccharomyces, which have replicated three times. The results showed that the bio activator formulation had a significant effect on the total bacteria, very significant effect on the organic C content, total N-fixing bacteria, P solubilizing microbes, N and P content.
The effect of coffee grounds and sawdust Tectona grandis L. f. as planting media for cultivation oyster mushroom Pleurotus sp.
Authors: Tambaru E , Ura’ R , Tuwo M
Published: September 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of the use of coffee grounds and sawdust Tectona grandis L. F as planting media on the cultivation of oyster mushrooms Pleurotus sp. This research was conducted in December 2021 - March 2022. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) method consisting of 1 factorial. This study used 5 treatments with 3 replications, so a total of 15 baglogs were used. The data obtained were analyzed statistically using the F test and further tested with the 5% Least Significant Difference (LSD). The results showed that the addition of several doses of coffee grounds had a significant effect on fruit body growth time, fruit body fresh weight, fruit body dry weight, and fruit cap diameter. The fastest growing time of oyster mushroom mycelium was at P0 (sawdust Tectona grandis 2 kg + control) an average of 4.67 days, the fastest fruit body formation speed was P0 (sawdust Tectona grandis 2 kg + control) with an average of 15.67 days, fresh fruit weight the fastest with an average of 106.33 g, the dry weight of the fruit body of the heaviest oyster mushroom with an average of 33 g, and the diameter of the largest fruit hood with an average of 30.3 cm, meanwhile for the P3 treatment (sawdust Tectona grandis 0.5 kg + 1.5 kg coffee grounds) and P4 (coffee grounds 2 kg + control) were not suitable for the growth of oyster mushrooms.
Prospect of utilizing botanical pesticides for maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) management to preserve national maize production
Authors: Rahman Ayyub Ar , Rohimatun  , Rubiana Ratna , Sipi Surianto , Mirsam Hishar , Meithasari Dian , Hasbi  , Aminah  , Yasin M , Sudjak Saenong M
Published: September 2023

Maize plays a strategic role in the national food map as well as a mainstay commodity in accelerating the realization of food self-sufficiency. It is because maize has wide adaptability and is relatively easy to cultivate. However, the attack of maize weevil obstructs the increase of maize productivity. This pest is the most destructive and reduces maize productivity as a national source of carbohydrates. The global policy of limiting the use of synthetic pesticides to control agricultural pests has become a topic of discussion in international forums today. It is due to the large number of deaths reported by synthetic pesticides. WHO reports that every year pesticide poisoning occurs between 44,000-2,000,000 people worldwide, and the highest poisoning rates occur in developing countries. In response to this, the government has made regulations through Government Regulation No.6 of 1995 concerning synthetic pesticides. It is contained in. Plant-based materials are very prospective to be used as active ingredients for environmentally friendly botanical pesticides. It has been identified that around 10,000 potential secondary metabolite components can be processed into active ingredients of botanical pesticides. This paper discusses the potential of botanical pesticides in Indonesia’s national plant treasures.
The use of biological agents in controlling diseases of shallots for tss production
Authors: Korlina E , Sulastrini I , Rosliani R
Published: September 2023

Stemphylium disease caused by Stemphylium vesicarium is an important disease that becomes an obstacle in TSS production. The disease attacks can lead to seed harvest failure. In the field. Stemphylium disease is associated with purple spot disease caused by the fungus Alternaria porri. The purpose of this study was to obtain biological agents that were effective in controlling S vesicarium and A porri on TSS production. The tests were carried out in-vitro in the laboratory and in planta in the field under a plastic shade. The experimental design used a randomized block design with 11 treatments (Bacillus sp.1. Bacillus sp. 3., Pseudomonas florescens (Pf)., Trichoderma sp.2., Trichoderma sp.3., Bacillus sp.1 + Trichoderma sp.2 + Pf., Bacillus sp.3 + Trichoderma sp.2 + Pf., Bacillus sp.1 + Trichoderma sp.3 + Pf., Bacillus sp.3 + Trichoderma sp.3 + Pf, and Control). Each treatment was repeated 3 times. The results showed that the biological agents Trichoderma sp., Bacillus sp., and Pseudomonas fluorescent as antagonist agents have varying inhibitory abilities against pathogens Stemphylium vesicarium and Alternaria porri. Inhibition by Bacillus sp. against S. vesicarium by 60.51-63.75% and by Trichoderma sp. by 25.78-31.47%. Meanwhile for A. porri. both bacterial and fungal antagonist agents had an inhibition between 45.09-79.15%. Antagonist agents Trichoderma sp.3 alone and the combination of Bacillus sp.1 + Trichoderma sp.3 + Pseudomonas fluorescens can increase the number of leaves and the number of seedlings of shallots. Antagonist agent Trichoderma sp.3 alone and in combination between Bacillus sp.3 + Trichoderma sp.3 + P. fluorescens can reduce the attacks intensity of S. vesicarium and A. porri diseases.
Bioassay test of Beauveria bassiana alginate pellet formulation on mortality of Spodoptera frugiperda in the laboratory
Authors: Ermiyanti Irna , Hasri Otniel Bin
Published: September 2023

The attack level of Spodoptera frugiperda greatly influences the production of maize in the field. The use of insecticides for control certainly has many negative impacts so that they switch to more environmentally friendly controls. One of them uses the entomopathogenic fungus (EPF) Beuvaria bassiana which has the ability to aggressively paralyze insect larvae and imago that are affected by its spores. The B. bassiana can be mass produced in both solid and liquid media. The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of the B. bassiana alginatepellet formulation on spore density and mortality of Spodoptera frugiperda test larvae in the laboratory. The efficacy test of the formulation on the test insects was carried out by dipping the test larvae feed into the B. bassiana alginate pellet suspension in each treatment using 50third instar of larvae. Corn had an effect on the spore density of B. bassiana alginate pellets, the highest spore density with conidia density of 2.35x108 conidia/mlwas found in the wheat flour treatment as well as with the highest percentage of mortality of Spodoptera frugiperda larvae, namely on day 6-9 DAA (days after application) in a row of 60%, 68% and 70%. In addition, it can be concluded that the alginate pellet formulation made from the active entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana is effective in controlling the population of Spoduptura frugiperda larvae.
Performance of agronomic characteristics and path analysis of the highland new plant types of rice
Authors: Limbongan Y L , Driyunitha  , Parari T Y , Sjahril R
Published: September 2023

This study aims to examine the good production characteristics and path analyses as well as the character correlation of the highland F4 new plant type of lines. The research was conducted in four paddy fields, namely Bittuang, Rantebua, Sesean, and Tallunglipu sub-districts at altitudes of 650, 850, 1400 and 1600 meters above sea level in North Toraja and Tana Toraja Regencies. This research took place from June to December 2021 and was arranged in randomized block design. The genotypes tested were 30 F4 lines and six control varieties which were repeated 3 times at each location. The results showed that lines with an average productivity of above 4 tons ha−1 at four locations namely G13 (5.17 tons ha−1), G7 (4.91 tons ha−1), G26 (4.80 tons ha−1), G15 (4.65 tons ha−1), G10 (4.55 tons ha−1), G14 (4.47 tons ha−1), and G25 (4.22 tons ha−1). The characters with the highest correlation with production were the weight of filled grain per clump, number of productive tillers, and the weight of grain per panicle, while the characters that had the highest positive direct effect were number of productive tillers, weight of filled grain per panicle and percentage of filled grain per panicle.
Agro-morphological characteristics, anthocyanin, and sweetness level of Yardlong bean genotypes (Vigna unguiculata (L.) ssp. sesquipedalis)
Authors: Ihsanto T D , Kusmiyati F , Anwar S , Sas M G A , Putra F P
Published: September 2023

Plant characterization is one of the activities in plant breeding before the variety can be registered. In the previous study, two parents between purple-podded and green-podded were crossed and produced several red-podded lines. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the characters of progenies (F7) yardlong beans from purple-podded and green-podded. The research was conducted in Sumawono District, Semarang, Central Java. The experiment applied a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with genotype as the single factor. Observations focused on plant characterization included leaf characteristics, flower characteristics, pod characteristics, sweetness level of pods, anthocyanin level on pods, and agronomic traits. The result showed a difference in leaf color, petiole length, leaf width, corolla color, petal color, strokes on petals color, stamen color, pistil color, pod length, pod tip color, pod color, pod texture, sweetness level, anthocyanin level. Hybridization improved the sweetness level of red/purple-podded than the cultivar checks purple-podded.
Design of small gravity drip irrigation for smallholder farming in water scarce region of Indonesia
Authors: Saefuddin R , Sirajuddin Z
Published: September 2023

Many regions in Indonesia are suffering from a water crisis due to limited annual precipitation, especially in dry regions, which affects agricultural production. Climate change is becoming more severe, threatening global food and water security. Thus, the development of affordable irrigation for smallholder farms is crucial to increasing agricultural production. The study aims to provide a better design and management of a small gravity drip irrigation system for melon cultivation. Field experiments were conducted on a farmer’s field located in Sinjai Regency to analyze the performance of the small gravity drip irrigation system on melon cultivation. The technical design was determined by analyzing the water application uniformity and irrigation water productivity. The parameters of crop growth under small gravity drip irrigation were monitored during crop development stages, and the irrigation water productivity was calculated after the crop was harvested. As a result, the small gravity drip system performed well in crop performance, and the irrigation water productivity was 1.55 kg/m3. It can be concluded that a small gravity drip irrigation system is an effective strategy for irrigating melon cultivation on smallholder farms, minimizing water loss, and improving crop water productivity.
The feasibility study: Accuracy and precision of DHT 22 in measuring the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse
Authors: Wardani I K , Ichniarsyah A N , Telaumbanua M , Priyonggo B , Fil’aini R , Mufidah Z , Dewangga D A
Published: September 2023

The greenhouse is a technology to overcome weather uncertainty as an impact of climate change. It can manage and control the temperature and humidity adjusted to the plant’s needs. Therefore, it requires accurate input of climate data from the monitoring system. The study aims to design an affordable and feasible monitoring system using three DHT22 sensors installed in a greenhouse. In particular, the data is appeared on Liquid Cyrstal Display (LCD) and is transmitted to the Ubidots platform using ESP32. The accuracy level is quantified by the difference values between DHT22 and the thermos-hygrometer, while the precision level is calculated using the correlation analysis of each sensor. As a result, the accuracy of DHT22 in measuring the temperature and humidity is high, with Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 1.48°C and 3.18%, respectively. Furthermore, the correlation values are 0.81 and 0.85. In conclusion, the research successfully produces an appropriate real-time system to monitor temperature and humidity.
The effect of stabilizer and flavors variations on acceptance of food supplement in the form of snakehead fish (Channa striata) protein concentrate dispersion
Authors: Prasetyo K S , Tawali A B , Dirpan A , Nurhisna N I
Published: September 2023

This research paper is aimed to determine the best type of stabilizer in the manufacture of snakehead fish PCD products, to determine the level of panelists’ preference for flavor variations based on organoleptic testing, and to determine the physicochemical properties of the final products. This research consists of three stages, to determine the type of stabilizer with variations in the concentration of the type of stabilizer in the form of xanthan gum and CMC by analyzing the phase separation ratio and redispersibility products after storage on days 1, 3, 5, and 7. The second stage was to determine the best formulation using the line scale hedonic organoleptic test for the mother panelists and the facial hedonic scale for the children panelist. The third stage was to characterize the optimal formulation by analyzing the physicochemical properties of the end product. The result of determining the best type of stabilizer based on the addition of variations of xanthan gum and CMC as a stabilizer showed that the use of xanthan gum obtained better product stability than CMC. The best snakehead fish PCD product is obtained by adding xanthan gum 0.3%. The best formula is based on the preferences of mother panelists and children acquired from dispersion products of snakehead fish protein concentrate with the addition of strawberry flavor.
The effect of aloe vera edible coating with carrageenan and glycerol on red chili (Capsicum annum L.) quality during storage
Authors: Feriani  , Hutabarat O S , Salengke
Published: September 2023

Red chili (Capsicum annum L.) is one of horticultural commodities that rapidly damage due to has high water content, which is around 80-90%. High respiration rate can cause deterioration quickly and shorten shelf life at room temperature stored. In order to prolong shelf life of red chili pepper, aloe vera alone, aloe vera mixed with carrageenan and glycerol can be applied as edible coating. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of aloe vera coating, aloe vera mixed with carrageenan and glycerol on red chili pepper. Four treatments with three times repetitions were used and analyzed their effect on weight, total soluble solid, hardness and color changes on red chili pepper. The treatments were aloe vera coating alone, aloe vera mixed with 2% of carrageenan mingled with the different concentration of glycerol, 0.5%, 1% and 1.5%, respectively. Red chilli pepper without any coating were considered as control. All the treated and control red chilli pepper were stored for 15 days at law (10°C) and room temperature (30°C). The data obtained were calculated statistically using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that edible coating with carrageenan and glycerol stored at low and room temperature had a significant effect reduced in weight loss and coating weight loss of red chili pepper. However, soluble solids concentration, color, were not significantly affected by aloe vera coating with carrageenan and glycerol. The highest quality of red chilli pepper is detected with aloe vera coating mixed with carrageenan and glycerol with 2% and 0.5% concentrations, respectively.
The effect of sago starch-based edible coating on the quality of red bell peppers (Capsicum Annuum L.) during storage
Authors: Yumeina D , Faridah S N , Angraini A S A
Published: September 2023

Red bell pepper is categorized as a perishable horticultural commodity with a short shelf life. Damage in red bell peppers is generally characterized by changes in the texture of fruits, wrinkled and other damage due to improper storage. Proper postharvest handling must be done to maintain product quality and prevent spoilage. Efforts are being made to keep red bell peppers fresh and shelf life by applying an edible coating. This study aimed to determine the effect of the concentration of sago starch as the ingredient for edible coatings with the addition of glycerol to maintain the quality of red bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) during storage at cold temperatures of ±10 °C and room temperature of ±27 °C. The edible coating based on the sago starch application method used is the dipping method with different concentrations (control, 100 g sago starch, and 200 g sago starch) stored at a cold temperature of ±10 °C and a temperature of room ±27 °C. Data analysis was carried out by measuring several parameters, weight loss, color, hardness, and total dissolved solids. The study of variance (ANOVA) showed that applying edible coating based on sago starch to red peppers could significantly affect weight loss and the level of fruit hardness but had no significant effect on changes and total dissolved solids contained in red peppers. Overall result treatment, the best treatment for maintaining the quality of red peppers during storage was edible coating based on sago starch with a concentration of 200 g and adding 10% glycerol with cold storage at ±10 °C (A3B1).
Active packaging from natural ingredients applied to meat: A review
Authors: Iqbal M
Published: September 2023

Meat is a highly perishable food that requires proper preparation and treatment in order to extend its longevity. Active packaging is an innovation that continues to be developed for the food industry. Active packaging is a modern technology that aims to extend the shelf life, and maintain or improve the condition of packaged food for the better, by incorporating active ingredients into the packaging that are capable of releasing or absorbing substances from or into the packaged food or the environment. The use of chemicals in meat preservation and packaging gives a sense of worry to consumers. Researchers are looking for alternatives to chemicals, namely from natural ingredients used in the active packaging of meat. The use of natural herbal ingredients combined with various preservatives aims to increase efficiency and minimize the effects on the organoleptic quality of meat. Testing various extracts of natural ingredients into active packaging applied to meat showed good results. The results showed that various natural extracts contain compounds that have antimicrobial, antioxidant, and lipid-activating properties. Natural ingredients such as citrus extracts, propolis extracts, and essential oils of zataria multiflora (zeo), mustard seeds, the green, rambutan, garlic, and Origanum vulgare flowers have antioxidant compounds, and antimicrobial compounds and are able to reduce lipid oxidation activity of meat, and the results of research using mustard seed extracts, the green, garlic, Origanum vulgare flowers able to increase the shelf life of meat.
The pattern of production and marketing of horticultural commodities at the country border in Bengkayang regency; before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kifli G C , Permana D , Slameto S , Dewi D O , Santari P T , Soetiarso T A
Published: September 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic affects various aspects of life, including farming activity by farmers in country border areas. The objective of this research is to analyze the condition of the production and marketing pattern of horticulture commodities in the border areas of the Bengkayang Regency before and during the pandemic. The research methods used mixed methods, quantitative and qualitative. The result of the research with statistical analysis of the Wilcoxon test showed that the significance value is 0.002 and which means there is a difference in the amount of vegetable production before the pandemic compared to the pandemic occurred. There is a decrease in the average percentage of vegetable production as much as 11.89 % between before and during the pandemic. On the other hand, the result of statistical analysis for fruit production shows the significance value is 0.778, which means it is no different from the amount of fruit production before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in the border area of Bengkayang Regency. Horticultural farmers sell and market their harvests in their entirety in fresh form. This research implies that efforts need to increase the added value of these horticultural commodities with preservation and packaging.
Increasing the rice planting index through superior varieties of early maturity rice on the irrigated land In Jambi Province
Authors: Bobihoe J , Jumakir  , Meilin A , Endrizal
Published: September 2023

The increase in the rice planting index aims to optimize time and space, so that the planting index can be maximized. This activity was carried out in Rawa Medang Village, Batang Asam District, West Tanjung Jabung Regency, Jambi Province. The methodology of its activities is to replace the existing ripe variety with early-maturing rice varieties with planting patterns in the growing season: (Planting Season (PS) I: November - March) Inpari 30 variety, (PS II: March - July) Inpari 13 variety, and (PS III: July -November) Inpari 33 variety. This activity was carried out in the 2019/2020 planting season with an Integrated Crop Management approach on irrigated land. Inpari 30 rice production was obtained in the first growing season (6.1 tons/ha), with a harvest life of 111 days. In the second growing season, Inpari 13 variety (5.9 tons/ha) is harvested at 99 days. In the third growing season, Inpari 33 variety produces a yield (5.7 tons/ha) with a harvest life of 107 days. The total production per hectare per year using the Inpari 30, Inpari 13 and Inpari 33 varieties amounted to 17.7 tons. By using high-yielding varieties, it has the opportunity to increase the cropping index and productivity to close to 20 tons /ha/year.
Sugarcane growth variation based on rainfall and soil permeability in Takalar, Indonesia
Authors: Safitri W , Ala A , Gusli S , Iqbal
Published: September 2023

The germination and sprouting phases of sugar cane are critical periods that determine productivity. This phase occurs when the sugar cane is 1-3 months old and requires an adequate supply of water to support the formation of shoots. Poor soil conditions and high rainfall can cause the failure of bud formation. This study aims to determine the relationship between rainfall and soil permeability in successfully constructing sugarcane shoots. We divided the 1 ha research area into nine points (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I) to observe plant growth and soil permeability. The growth factors measured included the number of stems, diameter, and plant height, measured by zigzag. Intact soil samples at a 0-15 cm depth were then analyzed in the laboratory using Darcy’s law to determine the value of soil permeability. The results showed variations in sugarcane growth in the nine study plots. The average number of sugarcane stalks is eight stalks/meter with a height of 159 cm and a diameter of 3 cm. The low soil permeability value of 0.13-0.5 cm/hour cannot compensate for the average rainfall during the budding phase, thereby suppressing plant growth by up to 50% of the average productivity that should be.
Evaluation of the application of rice husk biochar and various types of microbes on physiological and characteristics of shallot bulbs (Allium ascalonicum L.)
Authors: Wijaya P , Syam’un E , Syaiful S A
Published: September 2023

Shallot is a popular and widely developed horticultural crop in Indonesia. This study aims to evaluate the application of rice husk biochar and various types of microbes on the physiological and bulbs characteristics of shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.). The research design used a split plot design. The main plot was rice husk biochar with three levels, namely control 0 t ha−1, 2 t ha−1, and 4 t ha−1. As subplots, there were three types of microbes namely without microbes/control, Trichoderma asperellum, Beauveria bassiana, and Metarhizium anisopliae. The results optained that there was an interaction between the of rice husk biochar 4 t ha−1 with the Trichoderma asperellum which gave the best results for the chlorophyll index (19.70). The application of various types of microbes namely in the of Trichoderma asperellum gave the best results on bulb height (2.75 cm) and the number of bulbs per plant (1.61).
The growth character of sago palm based on differences in time of trunk formation
Authors: Sari D R , Sanjaya M F , Arham I , Osozawa K
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to (1) characterized sago palms with different trunk formation times; (2) studied the growth characteristics related to the diameter of the sago trunk. This research was conducted at the Sago Cultivation Experimental Site located in Pengkajoang Village, West Malangke District, North LuwuRegency.Thegrowth characters studied were number of leaves, trunk diameter, leaf length,petiole length, tree height,rachis length, number of suckers, length of the most extended leaflets, number of leaflets and the width of broadest leaflets. A paired T-Test was used to analyze the average of three variables between sago-forming trunks at 3 years, 3.5 years, and 4 years after transplanting. In addition to correlation analysis, variables were compared based on their relationships.The sago palm that formed the trunk at 3 years after transplanting had the highest number of leaves (20 strands), 3.5 years (17 strands), and 4 years (16 strands). Conversely, sago palms that form trunks 4 years after transplanting have the widest leaflets(7.44 cm), 3.5 years (6.04 cm) and 3 years (6.52 cm). Based on correlation analysis and path analysis, it is known that the number of leaves, tree height and rachis length are characteristics of sago palm growth which have a significant effect on the formation of trunk diameter.