bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
РАЦІОНАЛЬНІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ОТРИМАННЯ МЕТАЛКООРДИНОВАНИХ ЕПОКСІАМІННИХ КОМПОЗИЦІЙ ЗІ ЗНИЖЕНОЮ ГОРЮЧІСТЮ
Authors: Lavrenyuk O. , Mykhalichko B. , Chopyk N. , Zemke V.
Published: July 2024

Вступ. Зниження горючості полімерних матеріалів досягається завдяки формуванню атомних зв’язків з великою енергією розриву. З цією метою найчастіше використовують хімічно активні антипірени, які завдяки високій реакційній здатності та наявності в молекулярній структурі великої кількості функційних груп різного типу, призводять до зміни складу, будови і властивостей кінцевого полімерного матеріалу. Такі антипірени використовують як мономери у  синтезі полімерів, зшиваючі агенти чи модифікатори полімерів. Тому надзвичайно важливим питанням в аспекті зниження горючості полімерів є розширення асортименту реакційноздатних антипіренів, розробка раціональної  технології отримання полімерних матеріалів, що передбачає різноманітні способи введення антипіренів, а також встановлення взаємозв’язку між модифікацією, структурою та властивостями отриманих матеріалів.Мета. Розробити раціональну технологію отримання модифікованих купрум(ІІ) хлоридом епоксіамінних композицій. Вивчити будову синтезованих композицій, що дасть змогу спрогнозувати їх властивості та, зокрема, схильність до горіння.Методи. Модифіковані купрум(ІІ) хлоридом епоксіамінні композиції отримували за допомогою двох методів, відмінність між якими полягає в різних способах та формах інкорпорування антипірену в полімерну матрицю. Для  становлення факту взаємодії між антипіреном та іншими компонентами композиції (зв’язуючим, затвердником) проводили ІЧ-спектроскопічні дослідження.Результати. Розроблено новий оригінальний метод отримання модифікованих купрум(ІІ) хлоридом епоксіамінних композицій зі зниженою горючістю. Суть методу полягає в синтезі антипірена-затвердника у вигляді кристалічного комплексу з подальшим інкорпоруванням його в епоксидіановий олігомер. Внаслідок хімічної взаємодії купрум(ІІ) хлориду та рера отримано хелатний комплекс [Cu(eda)2(H2O)(Cl)]Cl, який було використано як антипірен-затвердник епоксіамінних композицій. На підставі ІЧ-спектроскопічних досліджень вивчено будову синтезованого антипірена-затвердника. Зокрема виявлено міцні координаційних зв’язки Cu(II)←N, поява яких в процесі комплексоутворення є важливою передумовою використання отриманих хелатних комплексів як реакційноздатних антипіренів. Виявлено участь синтезованого хелатного комплексу [Cu(eda)2(H2O)(Cl)]Cl в структуруванні епоксиамінної композиції, що є запорукою зниження її горючості.Висновки. Завдяки розробці оригінальної технології, яка передбачає синтез хелатного купроамінного комплексу та використанні його як антипірена-затвердника отримано новий тип металкоординованих епоксіамінних композицій  та подано трактування механізму антипіренової дії солей перехідних металів на горіння епоксіамінних композицій.
An analysis of the factors affecting farm people's attitude and use of credit
Authors:   , Coffman George W., Jr.
Published: July 2024

"Purpose of study: Several studies have been made of the amounts borrowed by farm people and the purposes for which the funds were used. However, little research has been done to determine the attitude of farm families toward use of credit. Whether or not credit is used depends largely on their needs for additional funds, ability to borrow and willingness to assume debt. It appears that credit is looked upon as a means of taking care of emergencies and not as a convenient procedure for gaining control of needed resources or goods for both production and consumption. The need for funds In agriculture has been well known for several decades. This need has been increasing rather than diminishing. Information is needed as to the more profitable uses of funds and the amounts that can be borrowed without danger of severe financial loss. This area of inquiry is outside the scope and purpose of this study. The research reported here has attempted to discover the relationship between attitudes toward credit and the extent to which it is used. No attempt we made to determine profitability of credit. The information will be helpful to lending agencies, farmers, educators and research workers."--Page 2.
A study of the distribution of dead and resorbing embryos in the rat uterus
Authors:   , Hubbard Sally Lynn
Published: July 2024

"The characteristic method of elimination of a dead embryo from the uterus of a polytocous animal is by resorption. This involves an enzymatic digestion of the dead embryo la situ, the products of digestion being eliminated from the uterus by the maternal circulatory system. In contrast to abortion which is the usual consequence of embryonic death in most monotocous species, resorption of an embryo makes possible the continuation of development of any living embryos remaining in the uterus (Long and Parks, 1924). It has been observed that when partial litter mortality occurs, the dead embryos may be found in various states of resorption, indicating that embryos may die at different stages of gestation in the same uterus (Hollander and Strong, 1950; Fortuyn, 1920; and Gillman, Gilbert, and Gillman, 1948). The degree of resorption can be used as an indication of the relative time of death of the embryo. Although never the primary subject of investigation, the distribution of dead and resorbing embryos in the uterus has been thought by some workers to be related to the area of the uterus in which the embryos are implanted (Edwards and Fowler, 1959). Unpublished preliminary experiments done in the Zoology Department at the University of Missouri using parous albino rats suggested that there was a tendency for the embryos implanted in the cervical and ovarian ends of the uterine horn to die and be resorbed earlier than the embryos implanted in the central part of the uterine horn. The present investigation has been directed toward finding whether or not embryonic death and subsequent resorption occurs more frequently in certain areas of the uterus of nulliparous albino rats."--Introduction.
A study of the Warrensburg sandstone
Authors:   , Rayl Robert Lee
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this research is to apply various statistical and qualitative analytical methods to a study of the Warrensburg channel sandstone. The area covered by this problem includes parts of Lafayette, Johnson, and Henry Counties, Missouri where the Warrensburg sandstone is exposed. The collection of samples and field data was done during the summer of 1951 and the laboratory work was done during the fall and winter at the University of Missouri.--Introduction.
SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN REKOMENDASI PENGEMBANGAN KARIR DAN PROMOSI JABATAN STRUKTURAL MENGGUNAKAN METODE SIMPLE ADDITIVE WEIGHTING (SAW)
Authors: Widhiani Pahla , Gunawan Harry , Nazar Moh. Syaiful
Published: July 2024

One of the authorities possessed by The Employment Agency Education and Training of Tegal District is Career Development and Promotion Activity. There are many obstacles in carrying out this activity, such as the large number of employee data and the data processsing is still manual, resulting a complex decision-making process and takes a lot of time. In addition, the formulation used is still not suitable with the mandate of PP Number 17 of 2020 concerning the merit system approach to ASN management. The merit system is an ASN policy and management based on qualifcations, copetence, and performance. In this study, the authors create a support system (SPK) with The Simple Additive Weighting SAW method which will facilitate and save time in providing ASN nomination and reccomendation in the career development and promotion process.This research method applies the Research and Development (R&D) method. This method choosen because it is compatible with the software development cycle or SDLC waterfall.
SISTEM PAKAR PENENTUAN JENIS KULIT WAJAH MENGGUNAKAN METODE NAÏVE BAYES BERBASIS WEB
Authors: Martinus Agust Isa , Santoso Sabar , Patimah Siti
Published: July 2024

Kecantikan wajah merupakan hal penting bagi wanita untuk menujang kepercayan diri. Untuk mendapatkan hasil yang demikian Perawatan kulit wajah juga harus sesuai kebutuhan kulit sedangkan jenis – jenis kulit wajah berbeda – beda sehingga membutuhkan perawatan yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan kulit. Oleh karena itu, pengetahuan analisa kulit wajah sangat diperlukan untuk menentukan jenis kulit serta perawatan yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan jenis kulit. Sistem pakar merupakan sistem yang mengadopsi pengetahuan dari seorang pakar dan dapat berperan layaknya pakar dalam menangani proses konsultasi sehingga sistem pakar dapat menjadi salah satu solusi dalam menentukan jenis kulit wajah berdasarkan ciri – ciri kulit yang dialami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan sebuah sistem pakar penentuan jenis kulit wajah dengan metode naïve bayes.  Metode naïve bayes merupakan metode yang dapat memperikirakan parameter yang diperlukan untuk klasisfikasi dalam menentukan jenis kulit wajah apa yang dimiliki. Hasil dari sistem ini adalah diagnose jenis kulit wajah yang dimiliki , cara perawatan dan rekomendasi kandungan skincare sesuai kebutuhan kulit
Digital cold panniculitis: A winter malady!
Authors: Das Prarthana , Neibeituo Dominic Belho
Published: July 2024

The panniculitides include a group of heterogeneous disorders of varied aetiology that manifest as inflamed nodules in the subcuta-neous tissue. Few forms of panniculitis namely subcutaneous fat necrosis exclusively affects newborns whereas other types affects adults and paediatric group equally. These lesions may appear secondary to some systemic illness or following external insult. We report a child presenting with panniculitis lesion involving all the digits of his hands following exposure to cold.
Nutritional Education Using Edutaiment Methods to Improve Clean and Healthy Living Behavior During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Aritonang Evawany Yunita , Siagian Albiner
Published: July 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has an impact on clean and healthy living behaviors. This affects the improvement of clean living behavior and healthy behavior in a balanced manner so as to prevent exposure to covid-19. The purpose of this service is to increase students' knowledge, attitudes and behavior about PHBS and washing hands using soap with running water, which is used in this service, namely the edutaiment method. The educational method was carried out directly with edutainment to students of Muhammadyah 03 Junior High School for 30 minutes. To assess the success of education, pretests and post tests were conducted. The results of 19 students of SMP Muhammadyah 3 Medan Selayang, Medan City. The number of student participants who took part in the pretest and post test obtained a value for the pretest in the good category of 10.5% while in the moderate category of 89.5% and the value obtained by the post test in the good category 94.7% while in the moderate category 5.3%. The change in value in the good category increased by 85.2% and in the moderate category decreased by 84.2%. The interest of students to implement hand washing is very large, so that the counseling is easily accepted and can create a positive attitude towards the message conveyed which affects the behavior of students.
Education and Socialization of Mosquito Nest Erradication with 3M Plus Movement to Students and Teachers at SMA Negeri 1 Binjai District, Langkat District, North Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Amelia Rina , Wijaya Hendri , Eyanoer Putri Chairani , Yunanda Yuki , Wahyuni Arlinda Sari , Fujiati Isti Ilmiati , Harahap Juliandi , Alona Ivana
Published: July 2024

Until now, there has been a tendency for dengue fever patients to increase, and its transmission has become one of Indonesia's most common public health problems. Getting rid of mosquito nest eradication (MNE) with the 3M Plus Movement regularly, which includes draining water reservoirs, burying used items, and closing water reservoirs, which make it harder for mosquitoes to breed, can stop the spread of dengue. Even though this disease can attack all groups, several studies have shown that children and teenagers are more susceptible to dengue fever, so it is essential to make efforts to increase understanding and education for school-aged children, including high school students and teachers, who must work together to prevent dengue fever. As a result, the community service team from the Medical Faculty of Universitas Sumatera Utara carried out this activity using an outreach strategy that included questions and answers with students about MNE, Clean and Healthy Living Behavior, and other topics as well as the actual implementation of 3M Plus. A good understanding of MNE among students and teachers allows for the formation of awareness of MNE's significance in the school environment, which is the outcome of this activity.
ФІНАНСОВИЙ МЕХАНІЗМ УПРАВЛІННЯ АКТИВАМИ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА
Authors: Нікольчук Ю.М. , Драч А.В.
Published: July 2024

Актуальність обраної теми наукового дослідження визначається тим, що система управління активами підприємства не безпідставно вважається однією з найвагоміших складових фінансового менеджменту суб’єктів господарювання в цілому та запорукою підвищення ефективності діяльності будь-якого з них. Однак, на сьогодні питання управління активами підприємства в комплексі, а не в розрізі його їх окремих складових, таких як необоротні та оборотні активи, в науковій літературі висвітлено досить на низькому рівні. В статті розглянуто наукові концепції щодо визначення сутнісної характеристики активів, такі як: об’єкти власності, обліку, управління, інвестування і економічний потенціал. На нормативно-правовому рівні активи трактуються як ресурси, контрольовані підприємством у результаті минулих подій, використання яких, як очікується, призведе до отримання економічних вигод у майбутньому. Розкрито сутність визначення управління активами підприємства. Під поняттям «управління активами підприємства» розуміють систему принципів та методів розробки і реалізації управлінських рішень, пов’язаних із оптимальним їх формуванням з різноманітних джерел, а також забезпеченням ефективного їх використання в різних видах господарської діяльності підприємства. Досліджено поетапну еволюцію теорії та практики управління активами. Надано визначення політики управління активами підприємства. Названі та охарактеризовані етапи процесу управління активами підприємства та принципи, яких слід дотримуватися при його провадженні. В статті розглянуто важливість застосування фінансового механізму управління активами підприємства та надано його визначення. Розглянуто структуру фінансового механізму управління активами підприємства та охарактеризовано його окремі елементи, такі як: фінансові відносини підприємства, суб’єкти, об’єкти, мета та завдання управління, інструментарій процесу управління (фінансові методи, важелі та інструменти), забезпечення процесу управління (інформаційне, правове та нормативне) та систему оцінки управлінських рішень щодо управління активами підприємства. Подальші дослідження будуть стосуватися дослідження процесу управління активами підприємства на базі конкретного суб’єкта господарювання.
ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ НА РИНКУ ФАРБ ДЛЯ ВОЛОССЯ: ШКОДА, ПОТРЕБА ТА ТРЕНД
Authors: Сапотніцька Н.Я. , Кучерук Н.І.
Published: July 2024

Метою статті є дослідження комплексу факторів, які впливають на динаміку обсягів виробництва фарб для волосся. Тому у статті наведено результати декількох досліджень щодо шкоди для організму фарб для волосся та ймовірність розвитку алергічних реакцій та онкозахворювань, тенденції на ринку індустрії фарб до 2030 р., частку жінок та чоловіків щодо використання фарб. Також досліджено склад, властивості та професійний вплив перманентних та натуральних фарб на волосся та визначено переваги штучних інгредієнтів, які входять до складу косметичних продуктів та розглянуто актуальні проблеми безпечності фарбуючих речовин. Відомі бренди не є прикладом найкращої практики, оскільки високий рейтинг якості їхніх фарб стрімко падає при токсикологічній оцінці. Для цього подано інформацію про відомі бренди фарб для волосся, їх переваги та недоліки. Акцентовано увагу на важливості використання при фарбуванні волосся натуральних фарб на рослинній основі, а також фарб вітчизняних виробникiв, які завжди враховують фактори впливу на ринок. Економічний аспект зростання світового виробництва фарби для волосся щорічно на 7,5% можна охарактеризувати як зростання зацікавленості споживача до змін своєї зовнішності, експериментів із кольорами та, відповідно, появи додаткових палітр. Проте таке щорічне світове зростання виробництва фарб для волосся прогнозується в основному через такий важливий фактор як старіння населення та інтерес у виборі жінками натуральних та світлих кольорів. Отже, професійні засоби догляду за волоссям — це унікальні продукти, якими потрібно правильно користуватися, без шкоди здоров’ю та з отриманням бажаного результату. Обираючи таку косметику, доцільно довіряти серйозним брендам з хорошою репутацією, які постійно працюють над покращенням якості продукції та її безпечності. Фактори впливу на світову індустрію фарб мають відображення також у асортименті вітчизняних виробників. Зокрема, виробник «АСМЕ» - один з найбiльших виробників косметичної продукції в Українi. Його асортимент фарб для волосся умовно можна поділити на три групи: стійкі, преміум класу, з екстрактами трав.
Tarea de transposición y contactos funcionales de comparación: una revisión metodológica y empírica
Authors: Andrade-González Diana Estefanía , León Alejandro , Hernández Eslava Varsovia
Published: July 2024

El comportamiento relacional definido como el establecimiento de propiedades relacionales a partir de atributos absolutos de los objetos, ha sido estudiado desde diferentes perspectivas teóricas, una de ellas es Teoría de la Psicología (TP), en la que se conceptualizó como contacto funcional de comparación. Con base en la revisión de la organización funcional del contacto de comparación, el presente trabajo propone seis criterios metodológicos generales para su estudio. Con base en estos se analiza la tarea más empleada y robusta en el área de comportamiento relacional, la tarea de transposición. Se realiza una revisión sistemática de la evidencia empírica generada con dicha tarea. A partir de esta, se exponen factores y parámetros identificados en comportamiento animal y humano que podrían constituir un punto de partida para la exploración empírica y sistemática del contacto de comparación en tareas basadas en transposición. Finalmente, se describe una propuesta metodológica empleando una tarea de transposición modificada y computarizada que constituye una primera aproximación al estudio de los contactos de comparación.
REKONSTRUKSI DALAMAN DIALEK BALING PURBA
Authors: Muhammad Khairulanwar Abd. Ghani  , Hasrah Mohd Tarmizi
Published: July 2024

Kajian ini, dengan menerapkan tatakaedah rekonstruksi dalaman, merupakan satu usaha untuk membina bentuk hipotetikal dialek purba yang diandaikan wujud pada suatu masa dahulu di salah satu kawasan terpencil di Semenanjung Tanah Melayu. Dialek purba yang dimaksudkan diistilahkan dalam kajian ini sebagai dialek Baling purba (DBP). Bagi mengoperasikan tatakaedah rekonstruksi dalaman, datanya dikumpul di lapan buah kampung sekitar Baling, Kedah. Kesemua kampung yang dikunjungi itu mewakili lapan varian dialek Melayu Baling (DMB). Hasil rekonstruksi menunjukkan DBP mempunyai 4 fonem vokal iaitu **i, **u, **ə, **a dan 18 konsonan iaitu **b, **d, **g, **p, **t, **k, **m, **n, **ŋ, **ɲ, **ɣ, **s, **h, *c, **j, **l, **w dan **j. Dari satu segi, jumlah fonem DBP sejajar dengan fonem bahasa Malayik purba (MP) dan dialek-dialek turunannya. Dari segi yang lain, kewujudan fonem **ɣ menunjukkan kemandiran DBP, maka dialek purba ini terpisah daripada dialek-dialek Melayu cabang semenanjung utara. Natijah dapatan ini ialah kemandirian DBP memerlukannya untuk dikelaskan dalam pengelompokan yang baru.
ACCENTUATING STYLISTIC FEATURES IN THE NARRATIVE TECHNIQUE OF HIKAYAT GUL BAKAWALI
Authors: Dustin Carrell Cowell
Published: July 2024

This article describes stylistic features found in Hikayat Gul Bakawali, an ancient love tale of Indian origin translated into Classical Malay in 1875 from an Urdu prose version composed by Nihal Chand Lahori entitled, “Mazhab-e ‘Ishq, urf Gul-e Bakawali,” (The Religion of Love, or the Rose of Bakawali), published in Calcutta in 1804.  Although the original tale stems from within the Hindu world view, the Urdu version of 1804 firmly situates the tale within an Islamic framework.  Under study is the first known Malay translation by Munsyi Syaikh Muhammad Ali bin Ghulam Husain al-Hindi, a literary scholar of Indian origin living perhaps in one of the cultural centres of the Malay peninsula, who acquired a fine mastery of Classical Malay literature and translated several religious and linguistic texts directly from Arabic as well.  The thrust of the discussion is upon the translation and analysis of specific passages, presented successively with emphasis on certain themes or rhetorical strategies. The power of binary oppositions is emphasized on all levels, from that of the description of the characters, to oppositions on the semantic level in many passages. Of interest is the character development of the hero, a human prince in love with the Fairy Princess Puteri Bakawli. Analysed are the hero’s use of language in describing himself to attract the empathy and assistance of his addressees, as well as the narrator’s description of the hero’s bravery and persistence as a faithful lover never to give up on in his quests.
GAYA PENULISAN SINGKATAN DAN AKRONIM DALAM MAJALAH CAHAYA CHANDARACA KOPASSUS INDONESIA: ANALISIS FUNGSI DAN MAKNA
Authors: Anekawati Fitri , Agus Hari Wibowo
Published: July 2024

Makalah ini berhasrat untuk membandingkan cara dua orang wartawan majalah Special Force Indonesia menggunakan singkatan dan akronim dalam penulisan mereka. Wartawan sering berhadapan dengan masalah perbezaan teknikal dalam penggunaan singkatan dan akronim.  Kajian menunjukkan bahawa akronim mempunyai fungsi untuk menyampaikan maklumat kepada khalayak pembaca, manakala singkatan digunakan untuk mengekalkan identiti.  Pihak  wartawan bertanggungjawab untuk memberikan penerangan yang tepat memandangkan majalah bermatlamat untuk membekalkan maklumat kepada khalayak pembaca umum. Makalah ini meneliti penggunaan singkatan dan akronim yang terdapat dalam majalah Cahaya Chandaraca Kopassus yang diterbitkan pada tahun 2005. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif deskriptif dan menggunakan data daripada majalah Kopassus terbitan 2005. Pengkaji menganalisis dua topik yang dikupas dalam majalah ini, khususnya topik Tandem Master dan topik Penugasan Misi PBB. Kedua-dua topik ini berhasrat untuk memberikan maklumat kepada khalayak pembaca umum, terutamanya dalam bidang penulisan media. Kajian ini juga berusaha untuk mengenal pasti fungsi singkatan dan akronim yang digunakan oleh kedua-dua orang wartawan.
ANALYSIS POTENTIAL PROBLEM IN PKH PROGRAM AT NTT PROVINCE USING RETROSPECTIVE APPROACH
Authors: Dima Enike Tje Yustin , Pongge Maria Imakulata , Timuneno Antonius Yohanes William
Published: July 2024

The government in efforts to eradicate poverty, always seek concrete step’s to maximize welfare especially for poor household communities (RTM). One of the efforts being implemented is The Family Hope Program (PKH). However in implementation of this program, it often face substansial problem in implementing activities like in implementation of PKH program in Humusu Village, Insana District, North Central Timor regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province. This research trying to restructure the PKH work program by tracing the composition of the problem using problem tree analysis and then finding out the potential that can be use as a renewal step in implementation the PKH program with using a potential analysis with problem that have been previously justified using a retrospective approach and problem tree analysis. Total respondent in this research is 355 which consisted the RTM community including non-RTM community group who had information about implementation the PKH program in Humusu village. The result show that the concrete problem in implementating the PKH program in Humusu Village is lies in the less of distribution information via online media such a social media or similiar devices the PKH program. It’s have the implications for RTM community’s to ignorance the procedures to participate in this program and this is a concrete factor in the lack of interest to participating in this program. The result also show that there is an oportunity for the government to intensifying use the social media to massively distribute information about the realization of the PKH program in Humusu Village so that increase the significant level of effectiveness of work program and the effectiveness of objectives can be well realized in this village.
To B or not to B: how the hepatitis B surveillance case definition can misdirect public health actions
Authors: Pierce Anna B , Crouch Simon , Alexander Adrian , Sasadeusz Joe , Jalil Edura , Au Yeung Victor , Tai Aswan , Stuart Rhonda L
Published: July 2024

Surveillance case definitions are utilised to understand the epidemiology of communicable diseases and to inform public health actions. We report a case of hepatitis B infection that meets the case definition for newly acquired infection. However, further investigation revealed that this was most likely past resolved hepatitis B infection with subsequent reactivation secondary to immunosuppression, rather than a newly acquired infection. This case highlights the importance of thorough case and clinician interviews, in combination with detailed assessment of pathology results in collaboration with treating clinicians, to determine the most appropriate public health actions.
JUSTIFICATION OF CALCULATION METHOD PARAMETERS CHARACTERISTICS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING OF A METALLIC NANOPARTICLE IN THE OPTICAL RANGE
Authors: Horielyshev S. ,   The National academy of hte National Guard of Ukraine
Published: July 2024

Structures of nanoparticles of noble metals in the optical range are of great interest in solving practical problems of building and using optical antennas and sensors for communication, creating solar cells, coatings for masking objects in the optical range and their detection. Currently, intensive research is being carried out on resonance effects during the scattering and absorption of light by such nanosized particles. There are both experimental methods of studying the characteristics of electromagnetic scattering of nanostructures in the optical range, and methods of mathematical modeling. Mathematical methods are subject to strict requirements regarding accuracy and ensuring the convergence of calculation results. The method of integral equations is widely used to model scattering from various objects with finite dielectric constants. At the same time, in the optical range, scattering on nanoparticles, as homogeneous resonant objects, has its own characteristics that affect the accuracy and convergence of the calculation algorithm. The article examines the issue of choosing and justifying the parameters of the method for calculating the characteristics of electromagnetic scattering of nanoparticles of noble metals of different sizes in the optical range, which are based on the application of a system of Müller integral equations. The internal convergence of the algorithm for calculating electromagnetic scattering characteristics depends on the size and shape of nanoparticles. When calculating according to the proposed numerical method, the number of nodes in which the current density was calculated was chosen in such a way that there was an internal convergence of the algorithm characterized by a given value . The required number of current nodes and the discretization step on the surface of one nanoparticle of two sizes (75x75x25 and 100x100x20) were obtained, which ensure internal convergence and the best accuracy of the proposed computational algorithm. Nanoparticles of these sizes will be used as the basis for the construction of various structures. The direction of further research is obtaining and analyzing the characteristics of electromagnetic scattering of various structures made of silver nanoparticles under different conditions of irradiation and polarization of the incident electromagnetic wave.
Differential Mitochondrial Adaptation of the Slow and Fast Skeletal Muscles by Endurance Running Exercise in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice
Authors: Takemura A , Matsunaga Y , Shinya T , Hatta H
Published: July 2024

The skeletal muscle is the main organ responsible for insulin action, and glucose disposal and metabolism. Endurance and/or resistance training raises the number of mitochondria in diabetic muscles. The details of these adaptations, including mitochondrial adaptations of the slow and fast muscles in diabetes, are unclear. This study aimed to determine whether exercise training in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced mice leads to differential adaptations in the slow and fast muscles, and improving glucose clearance. Eight-week-old mice were randomly distributed into normal control (CON), diabetes (DM), and diabetes and exercise (DM+Ex) groups. In the DM and DM+Ex groups, mice received a freshly prepared STZ (100 mg/kg) intraperitoneal injection on two consecutive days. Two weeks after the injection, the mice in the groups ran on a treadmill for 60 min at 20 m/min for a week and subsequently at 25 m/min for 5 weeks (5 days/week). The analyses indicated that running training at low speed (25 m/min) enhanced mitochondrial enzyme activity and expression of lactate and glucose transporters in the plantaris (low-oxidative) muscle that improved whole-body glucose metabolism in STZ-induced diabetic mice. There were no differences in glucose transporter expression levels in the soleus (high-oxidative) muscle. The endurance running exercise at 20-25 m/min was sufficient to induce mitochondrial adaptation in the low-oxidative muscles, but not in the high-oxidative muscles, of diabetic mice. In conclusion, the present study indicated that running training at 25 m/min improved glucose metabolism by increasing the mitochondrial enzyme activity and glucose transporter 4 and monocarboxylate transporter 4 protein contents in the low-oxidative muscles in STZ-induced diabetic mice.
IMPLEMENTATION, CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS OF MULTICULTURAL EDUCATION IN SCHOOL
Authors: Fitria Tira Nur
Published: July 2024

This research describes the implementation, challenges, and solutions of multicultural education. This research is library research. The analysis shows that multicultural education promotes equality in schools to develop students' attitudes toward diversity and living together in harmony. Multicultural education is a reform movement aimed at providing equal opportunities for all students, regardless of their ethnicity, culture, language, religion, race, or class. It is crucial in Indonesia, where the school system is a social system with individuals from different backgrounds united. The success of multicultural education depends on the desire and care of the school community, especially teachers. Teachers must innovate to teach multicultural education, aiming to increase student motivation and tolerance towards diversity. In a multicultural classroom, all students from different cultures and languages have equal educational opportunities. Learning reflects culture, experiences, perspectives on linguistics and culture of a group, as well as respect for differences and student cultural similarities. Having a positive attitude towards differences can bring individuals into the community and bring the community into the wider world community. However, challenges during the implementation of multicultural education may. Indonesia's education policy should promote a democratic, egalitarian society that respects the values of humanity and equality, and values differences.
ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS IN THE SHORT STORY THE SUMMER SOLSTICE BY NICK JOAQUIN
Authors: Cahigus Mary Joy C. , Juanillo Kay Tepait
Published: July 2024

Language and literature are essentially connected, and one cannot function without the other. Thus, this study analyzes the language functions used by the main characters in the short story The Summer Solstice by Nick Joaquin. This study aims to determine the types of Language functions in the short story and identify the most dominant language function used by the main characters. Moreover, the study also aims to analyze the context of the language functions identified. The researchers used Janet Holmesâ€™ Theory of Language Function (2013) to analyze the utterances of the main characters and Dell Hymes' SPEAKING Model to analyze the context of the language functions in each utterance. The researchers then applied the descriptive qualitative design to systematically analyze the data. The result of this study shows that out of the eight (8) language functions identified by Janet Holmes (2013), only seven (7) types of language functions were found in the short story, namely expressive, directive, heuristic, referential, metalinguistic, phatic functions. On the other hand, poetic function was not found in this research. The findings revealed that this story dominantly uses expressive functions, in which the speaker's emotion is what captures the interest of the readers.
FACT-CHECKING IN THE AGE OF MISINFORMATION: LINGUISTIC STRATEGIES FOR ACCURATE REPORTING
Authors: Ashari Chelsi Aprilia , Apriani Firna , Jariyah Ainun , Amelia Fadia Rezky , Suraj Safitri Rahmadani , Zein Helsa
Published: July 2024

Fact-checking journalism has become a common practice to counteract misinformation. In an era of widespread disinformation, the factuality of information is crucial. This research explores linguistic strategies for fact-checking accurate reporting. With a focus on factuality, linguistic approaches are analyzed to identify effective methods in combating misinformation. Specifically, we studied whether there are differences in perceptions based on Linguistic Strategies for Accurate Reporting, dan how often fact-checkers conduct fact-checking. It integrates linguistic understanding with journalism practice to strengthen the reliability of information presented to the public.
French Gastronomic Culture and the Possibilities of Translating the Vocabulary of the Gastronomic World
Authors: Usmanova A. , Ypyshova N. , Tupchiboeva M.
Published: July 2024

The focus of this article is on a type of discourse that is central to any culture — the gluttonous discourse (gastronomic discourse), which aims to achieve communication in relation to historical, religious-ethnic and other aspects of the eating process between different peoples. Intercultural communication and translation are challenged by differences in established gastronomic norms. The techniques translators encounter when translating gluttonous texts are discussed in this article.
A Self-Balancing, Self-Stabilizing, and Self-Sufficient International Monetary System
Authors: Rahman Abdurrahman Arum
Published: July 2024

This paper proposes a shared international monetary system (IMS) that can be self-balancing, self-stabilizing, and self-sufficient. We call it an “organic system”. The organic system issues a cross-border means of payment called “organic currency”. Organic currency is only for international transactions between member countries. Domestic transactions continue to use their respective national currencies. Non-member countries cannot use organic currency. Organic and national currencies are interchangeable using an “auto-balancing” exchange rate that follows the fundamentals and neutrality of the foreign balance sheet of each member country. We utilize a 3-dimensional simulation of trade and investment involving 5 countries, 20 products, and a 12-month (5x20x12 model) to test the workability of the system. The results show that this model could provide international liquidity to all (member) countries in the world sustainably and efficiently, make the IMS naturally self-balancing and self-stabilizing, and make the current accounts, balance sheets, and FX reserves of all member countries tend to be self-sufficient. We implant a digital and decentralized system in the very core of the system, which works semi-automatically. This system is flexible; it can start from anywhere in the world and any country may join.
Pengaruh Pelayanan Asuhan Kebidanan Pada Masa Nifas Terhadap Kepuasan Pasien
Authors: Siti Maria Ulfa Siti Maria Ulfa , Dwi Ghita Dwi Ghita , Suhartini Suhartini
Published: July 2024

Pelayanan kebidanan pada ibu nifas dievaluasi untuk mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap tingkat kepuasan pasien, dengan mempertimbangkan berbagai aspek penentu serta dampaknya terhadap penggunaan layanan kesehatan.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelayanan masa nifas terhadap kepuasan ibu di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kelayan Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan observasional analitik dengan pengambilan data cross-sectional study menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji chi-square. Populasi penelitian ini sebanyak 42 ibu nifas di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kelayan Timur dan pengambilan sampel menggunakan kuota sampling sebanyak 38 responden ibu nifas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 52,6% responden mendapatkan pelayanan sesuai standar dan 44,7% responden merasa puas terhadap pelayanan yang diberikan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara pelayanan masa nifas dengan kepuasan responden (ρ-value 0,01 < 0.05). Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pelayanan asuhan kebidanan pada masa nifas dengan kepuasan ibu di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kelayan Timur. Saran penelitian adalah memperkuat pelatihan tenaga kesehatan, fasilitas, dan protokol kesehatan. Selain itu, memperhatikan umpan balik pasien, serta meningkatkan edukasi dan dukungan emosional selama masa nifas akan meningkatkan kepuasan ibu nifas dan berdampak positif pada penggunaan layanan kesehatan secara keseluruhan.
Deep learning and remote photoplethysmography powered advancements in contactless physiological measurement
Authors: Chen Wei , Yi Zhe , Lim Lincoln Jian Rong , Lim Rebecca Qian Ru , Zhang Aijie , Qian Zhen , Huang Jiaxing , He Jia , Liu Bo
Published: July 2024

In recent decades, there has been ongoing development in the application of computer vision (CV) in the medical field. As conventional contact-based physiological measurement techniques often restrict a patient’s mobility in the clinical environment, the ability to achieve continuous, comfortable and convenient monitoring is thus a topic of interest to researchers. One type of CV application is remote imaging photoplethysmography (rPPG), which can predict vital signs using a video or image. While contactless physiological measurement techniques have an excellent application prospect, the lack of uniformity or standardization of contactless vital monitoring methods limits their application in remote healthcare/telehealth settings. Several methods have been developed to improve this limitation and solve the heterogeneity of video signals caused by movement, lighting, and equipment. The fundamental algorithms include traditional algorithms with optimization and developing deep learning (DL) algorithms. This article aims to provide an in-depth review of current Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods using CV and DL in contactless physiological measurement and a comprehensive summary of the latest development of contactless measurement techniques for skin perfusion, respiratory rate, blood oxygen saturation, heart rate, heart rate variability, and blood pressure.
Decentralized science (DeSci): definition, shared values, and guiding principles
Authors: Weidener Lukas , Spreckelsen Cord
Published: July 2024

Rapid advancements in Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT), including blockchain, are foundational to a new era of digital innovation. This innovation has catalyzed the emergence of “Decentralized Science (DeSci),” a new concept and movement that aims to address the challenges of modern science. Given the novelty of the field of DeSci, this study aims to provide a comprehensive definition of the term and explore and conceptualize the shared values and guiding principles inherent to DeSci. To achieve these objectives, an exploratory literature review was conducted to identify and synthesize the scholarly and secondary literature. The search and selection process included six databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, arXiv, and Social Science Research Network), focusing on the last 15 years (2008 to 2023). Owing to the novelty of DeSci, the literature review was supplemented by an anonymous online-based expert survey using a combination of single-choice and open-ended questions. The experts were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria related to their activities in the DeSci field. Seven studies were selected for evaluation from the scholarly literature, and additional 24 sources of information were included in the analysis. In the expert survey, 39 valid datasets were collected and analyzed. The synthesis of the exploratory literature review and expert survey results led to a comprehensive definition of “Decentralized Science” (DeSci) reflecting recurring themes. As no publications explicitly discussed or addressed the values or principles of DeSci in the literature review, a set of shared values and guiding principles was defined based on the expert survey results. This study proposes a comprehensive definition of DeSci and a set of shared values and guiding principles, highlighting the importance of future research in this area.
The role of autophagy in the progression of HIV infected cardiomyopathy
Authors: Sun Yuting , Xu Mengmeng , Duan Qinchun , Bryant Joseph L. , Xu Xuehong
Published: July 2024

Although highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has changed infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from a diagnosis with imminent mortality to a chronic illness, HIV positive patients who do not develop acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDs) still suffer from a high rate of cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis. Regardless of viral load and CD count, HIV-associated cardiomyopathy (HIVAC) still causes a high rate of mortality and morbidity amongst HIV patients. While this is a well characterized clinical phenomena, the molecular mechanism of HIVAC is not well understood. In this review, we consolidate, analyze, and discuss current research on the intersection between autophagy and HIVAC. Multiple studies have linked dysregulation in various regulators and functional components of autophagy to HIV infection regardless of mode of viral entry, i.e., coronary, cardiac chamber, or pericardial space. HIV proteins, including negative regulatory factor (Nef), glycoprotein 120 (gp120), and transactivator (Tat), have been shown to interact with type II microtubule-associated protein-1 β light chain (LC3-II), Rubiquitin, SQSTM1/p62, Rab7, autophagy-specific gene 7 (ATG7), and lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1), all molecules critical to normal autophagy. HIV infection can also induce dysregulation of mitochondrial bioenergetics by altering production and equilibrium of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), and calcium. These changes alter mitochondrial mass and morphology, which normally trigger autophagy to clear away dysfunctional organelles. However, with HIV infection also triggering autophagy dysfunction, these abnormal mitochondria accumulate and contribute to myocardial dysfunction. Likewise, use of HAART, azidothymidine and Abacavir, have been shown to induce cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis by inducing abnormal autophagy during antiretroviral therapy. Conversely, studies have shown that increasing autophagy can reduce the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria and restore cardiomyocyte function. Interestingly, Rapamycin, a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, has also been shown to reduce HIV-induced cytotoxicity by regulating autophagy-related proteins, making it a non-antiviral agent with the potential to treat HIVAC. In this review, we synthesize these findings to provide a better understanding of the role autophagy plays in HIVAC and discuss the potential pharmacologic targets unveiled by this research.
BAR502/fibrate conjugates: synthesis, biological evaluation and metabolic profile
Authors: Finamore Claudia , De Marino Simona , Cassiano Chiara , Napolitano Giuliano , Rapacciuolo Pasquale , Marchianò Silvia , Biagioli Michele , Roselli Rosalinda , Di Giorgio Cristina , Festa Carmen , Fiorucci Stefano , Zampella Angela
Published: July 2024

BAR502, a bile acid analogue, is active as dual FXR/GPBAR1 agonist and represents a promising lead for the treatment of cholestasis and NASH. In this paper we report the synthesis and the biological evaluation of a library of hybrid compounds prepared by combining, through high-yield condensation reaction, some fibrates with BAR502.The activity of the new conjugates was evaluated towards FXR, GPBAR1 and PPARα receptors, employing transactivation or cofactor recruitment assays. Compound 1 resulted as the most promising of the series and was subjected to further pharmacological investigation, together with stability evaluation and cell permeation assessment. We have proved by LCMS analysis that compound 1 is hydrolyzed in mice releasing clofibric acid and BAR505, the oxidized metabolite of BAR502, endowed with retained dual FXR/GPBAR1 activity.
Voices of discomfort: metaphorical conceptualisations of physical pain in Algerian Arabic
Authors: Rababah Ghaleb , Nesba Kaouther , Alghazo Sharif , Abusalim Nimer , Rayyan Mohammad
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the metaphorical representations of physical pain amongst Algerian Arabic speakers. To uncover these conceptualisations, an oral Discourse Completion Test (DCT) was administered to 30 Algerian university students. A qualitative approach was used to analyse the data and generate the conceptual metaphors used. Grounded in Kövecses model of metaphorical conceptualisations, this research unveils that Algerian Arabic speakers utilise nine distinct metaphorical conceptualisations when portraying physical pain/discomfort: evaluative metaphors, fire metaphors, sharp object metaphors, container metaphors, animal metaphors, creeping insect metaphors, burden metaphors, swing metaphors, and physical force metaphors. These metaphors are further explicated in light of linguistic and cultural backgrounds to shed light on the intricate weave of metaphors in Algerian Arabic, underscoring their pivotal role in encapsulating physical and emotional experiences. The study recommends further scholarly research into the manifold metaphorical renderings of diverse emotional states across Arab communities.