bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of Vitamin D Receptor Gene (FokI) (rs2228750) Polymorphism with Susceptibility to Tuberculosis
Authors: S. El-Shimi Ola , A. Abdel Samea Soheir , M. Samy Nahla , M. Fayed Sahar
Published: January 2021

Background: Genetic susceptibility has been suggested as an important explanation for individual risk for tuberculosis. The association between vitamin D receptor (VDR) FokI gene polymorphisms and the risk of tuberculosis have been studied in several populations; but results were inconsistent. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the influence of vitamin D status and frequency of association of VDR FokI (rs2228570) polymorphism on susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis. Methodology: A case-control study was conducted between 40 pulmonary tuberculosis patients and 40 control subjects. Serum vitamin D level and VDR FokI gene (rs2228570) polymorphism were tested. Results: Tuberculosis patients had significant lower vitamin D level compared to controls (P = 0.002). Patients showed significantly higher frequencies of VDR FokI (rs2228750) Ff, ff genotypes and f allele than controls (P = 0.023, 0.014, <0.001 respectively) with significant lower vitamin D level in patients with ff compared to patients with FF or Ff genotypes (P = 0.017). Excess smoking, vitamin D insufficiency and VDR FokI (rs2228750) (Ff+ff) genotypes were found predictors for susceptibility to tuberculosis infection. Conclusion: vitamin D deficiency plays a role as a risk factor for tuberculosis and VDR FokI (rs2228750) polymorphism may be partially responsible for host susceptibility to human tuberculosis in Egyptians.
Role of High Mobility Group Box1 in Pathogenesis of Hepatitis C Virus induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: E. Samra Nouran , El-Etreby Shahira , H. El-Mahdy Rasha , S. El-Kazzaz Samah , M. El-Nashar Nariman
Published: January 2021

Hepatocellular carcinoma "HCC" is a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. High-mobility group box 1 "HMGB1" is a nuclear DNA-binding protein which involved in DNA stability, programmed cell death, immune response and inflammatory responses in HCV and HCC. Its over expression was revealed in HCC and different types of human cancers.
Comparison between Specific Immunoglobulin E and Skin Prick Test for Diagnosis of Allergic Patients
Authors: S. Metwally Wafaa , A. Mokhtar Ghada
Published: January 2021

Background: Skin prick test (SPT) has been identified as the gold standard method to diagnose IgE mediated hypersensitivities; it is accurate, easy and cheap. However, SPT has some important limitations, so in vitro serum specific serum IgE (sSIgE) detection can be a good alternative. The diagnostic yield of sSIgE testing usually depends on the specific allergen. Objective: This study compares between SPT and sSIgE for diagnosis of allergy. Methodology: 61 allergic patients enrolled from Zagazig University Allergy and Immunology Unit, tested by SPT for the common allergens. Serum total IgE and specific IgE levels were measured and compared to SPT results. Results: The over- all sensitivities of sSIgE were excellent (75-100%) for most of allergens tested. PPV was excellent with some allergens (pollens, cockroaches, mites) and poor with others (cat hair). Sensitivity of mites sSIgE was excellent with PPV approaching 90%, specificiy was only 13%. However, the NPV was 100%. Significant level of agreement and correlation between the results of SPT and sSIgE for cockroaches and molds was reported. Positive correlation between the total levels of serum IgE and the diameter of wheal and flare of the SPT for mites, pollens and cockroaches was found. Conclusion: The sensitivities of sSIgE were excellent for most of allergens tested. Specificity of sSIgE varies between individual allergens. Serum specific IgE testing may be a good alternative to skin prick test if the latter could not be carried out.
Documentos coloniales: una defensa del Perú intelectual
Authors: Redmond O'Toole Walter
Published: January 2021

En este artículo se reúnen, para el estudiante de la historia intelectual iberoamericana, unos documentos del virreinato peruano del siglo XVII, traducidosdel latín, en los que se revela una conciencia y un aprecio del peno samiento americano. Los autores hacen una apología de las excelencias de la "inteligentsia" criolla, ejemplo de los méritos del nuevo mundo, refutando así el mito de la supuesta inferioridad de los americanos.  El género literario (valga la expresión) de estos documentos es el material prefatorio de varios tipos, como prólogos, dedicaciones, recomendaciones, etc., que solía colocarse al principio de los libros impresos. Se han tomado textos de las obras de Jerónimo de Valera (lógica, 1610), Alfonso Briceño (teología y metafísica, 1642), y Juan de Espinosa Medrano, 'el Lunarejo' (lógica, 1688), y son a saber: el 'prefacio al lector' por Valera, la 'evolución de la obra' de Briceño por Pedro de Ortega Sotomayor, y las 'recomendaciones' de la filosofía del Lunarejo compuestas por Ignacio de Quesada y por un portavoz anónimo del colegio dominicano de Santo Tomás de Lima.
Estimating optical extinction of liquid water clouds in the cloud base region
Authors: Sarna Karolina , Donovan David P. , Russchenberg Herman W. J.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Accurate lidar-based measurements of cloud optical extinction, even though perhaps limited to the cloud base region, are useful. Arguably, more advanced lidar techniques (e.g. Raman) should be applied for this purpose. However, simpler polarization and backscatter lidars offer a number of practical advantages (e.g. better resolution, more continuous and numerous time series). In this paper we present a backscatter lidar signal inversion method for the retrieval of the cloud optical extinction in the cloud base region. Though a numerically stable method for inverting lidar signals using a far-end boundary value solution has been earlier demonstrated and may be considered well-established (i.e. the Klett inversion), the application to high-extinction clouds remains problematic. This is due to the inhomogeneous nature of real clouds, the finite range-resolution of many practical lidar systems and multiple-scattering effects. We use an inversion scheme where a backscatter lidar signal is inverted based on the estimated value of cloud extinction at the far end of the cloud and apply a correction for multiple-scattering within the cloud and a range resolution correction. By applying our technique to the inversion of synthetic lidar data, we show that for a retrieval of up to 90 m from the cloud base it is possible to obtain the cloud optical extinction within the cloud with an error better than 5 %. In relative terms, the accuracy of the method is smaller at the cloud base but improves with the range within the cloud until 45 m and deteriorates slightly until reaching 90 m from the cloud base.
Contrasting responses of woody and herbaceous vegetation to altered rainfall characteristics in the Sahel
Authors: Verbruggen Wim , Schurgers Guy , Horion Stéphanie , Ardö Jonas , Bernardino Paulo N. , Cappelaere Bernard , Demarty Jérôme , Fensholt Rasmus , Kergoat Laurent , Sibret Thomas , Tagesson Torbern , Verbeeck Hans
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Dryland ecosystems are a major source of land cover, account
for about 40% of Earth's terrestrial surface and net primary
productivity, and house more than 30 % of the human population. These
ecosystems are subject to climate extremes (e.g. large-scale droughts and
extreme floods) that are projected to increase in frequency and severity
under most future climate scenarios. In this modelling study we assessed the
impact of single years of extreme (high or low) rainfall on dryland
vegetation in the Sahel. The magnitude and legacy of these impacts were
quantified on both the plant functional type and the ecosystem levels. In
order to understand the impact of differences in the rainfall distribution
over the year, these rainfall anomalies were driven by changing either
rainfall intensity, event frequency or rainy-season length. The
Lund–Potsdam–Jena General Ecosystem Simulator (LPJ-GUESS) dynamic vegetation
model was parameterized to represent dryland plant functional types (PFTs)
and was validated against flux tower measurements across the Sahel.
Different scenarios of extreme rainfall were derived from existing Sahel
rainfall products and applied during a single year of the model simulation
timeline. Herbaceous vegetation responded immediately to the different
scenarios, while woody vegetation had a weaker and slower response,
integrating precipitation changes over a longer timeframe. An increased
season length had a larger impact than increased intensity or frequency,
while impacts of decreased rainfall scenarios were strong and independent of
the season characteristics. Soil control on surface water balance explains
these contrasts between the scenarios. None of the applied disturbances
caused a permanent vegetation shift in the simulations. Dryland ecosystems
are known to play a dominant role in the trend and variability of the global
terrestrial CO2 sink. We showed that single extremely dry and wet years
can have a strong impact on the productivity of drylands ecosystems, which
typically lasts an order of magnitude longer than the duration of the
disturbance. Therefore, this study sheds new light on potential drivers and
mechanisms behind this variability.
C-band radar data and in situ measurements for the monitoring of
wheat crops in a semi-arid area (center of Morocco)
Authors: Ouaadi Nadia , Ezzahar Jamal , Khabba Saïd , Er-Raki Salah , Chakir Adnane , Ait Hssaine Bouchra , Le Dantec Valérie , Rafi Zoubair , Beaumont Antoine , Kasbani Mohamed , Jarlan Lionel
Published: January 2021

Abstract. A better understanding of the hydrological functioning of irrigated crops using remote sensing observations is of prime importance in the semi-arid areas where the water resources are limited. Radar observations, available at high resolution and revisit time since the launch of Sentinel-1 in 2014, have shown great potential for the monitoring of the water content of the upper soil and of the canopy. In this paper, a complete set of data for radar signal analysis is shared to the scientific community for the first time to our knowledge. The data set is composed of Sentinel-1 products and in situ measurements of soil and vegetation variables collected during three agricultural seasons over drip-irrigated winter wheat in the Haouz plain in Morocco. The in situ data gathers soil measurements (time series of half-hourly surface soil moisture, surface roughness and agricultural practices) and vegetation measurements collected every week/two weeks including above-ground fresh and dry biomasses, vegetation water content based on destructive measurements, cover fraction, leaf area index and plant height. Radar data are the backscattering coefficient and the interferometric coherence derived from Sentinel-1 GRDH (Ground Range Detected High resolution) and SLC (Single Look Complex) products, respectively. The normalized difference vegetation index derived from Sentinel-2 data based on Level-2A (surface reflectance and cloud mask) atmospheric effects-corrected products is also provided. This database, which is the first of its kind made available in open access, is described here comprehensively in order to help the scientific community to evaluate and to develop new or existing remote sensing algorithms for monitoring wheat canopy under semi-arid conditions. The data set is particularly relevant for the development of radar applications including surface soil moisture and vegetation parameters retrieval using either physically based or empirical approaches such as machine and deep learning algorithms. The database is archived in the DataSuds repository and is freely-accessible via the DOI: https://doi.org/10.23708/8D6WQC (Ouaadi et al., 2020a).
Drivers of Pine Island Glacier speed-up between 1996 and 2016
Authors: De Rydt Jan , Reese Ronja , Paolo Fernando S. , Gudmundsson G. Hilmar
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Pine Island Glacier in West Antarctica is among the fastest changing glaciers worldwide. Over the last 2 decades, the glacier has lost in excess of a trillion tons of ice, or the equivalent of 3 mm of sea level rise. The ongoing changes are thought to have been triggered by ocean-induced thinning of its floating ice shelf, grounding line retreat, and the associated reduction in buttressing forces. However, other drivers of change, such as large-scale calving and changes in ice rheology and basal slipperiness, could play a vital, yet unquantified, role in controlling the ongoing and future evolution of the glacier. In addition, recent studies have shown that mechanical properties of the bed are key to explaining the observed speed-up. Here we used a combination of the latest remote sensing datasets between 1996 and 2016, data assimilation tools, and numerical perturbation experiments to quantify the relative importance of all processes in driving the recent changes in Pine Island Glacier dynamics. We show that (1) calving and ice shelf thinning have caused a comparable reduction in ice shelf buttressing over the past 2 decades; that (2) simulated changes in ice flow over a viscously deforming bed are only compatible with observations if large and widespread changes in ice viscosity and/or basal slipperiness are taken into account; and that (3) a spatially varying, predominantly plastic bed rheology can closely reproduce observed changes in flow without marked variations in ice-internal and basal properties. Our results demonstrate that, in addition to its evolving ice thickness, calving processes and a heterogeneous bed rheology play a key role in the contemporary evolution of Pine Island Glacier.
Causality dilemma: creating a twenty-first century university archive
Authors: Mazzia Faye , De Armond Megan
Published: January 2021

For its fifteenth anniversary, the Jay Sexter Library at Touro University Nevada (TUN) sought ways to capture its institutional history by founding an archive. Among many challenges, the library struggled to convince the administration of the importance of an archive. To generate interest in TUN’s history, a task force comprising library, executive administration, and advancement staff hosted and recorded a panel event with some of the university’s original faculty, staff, and administration. By having this event, new TUN employees were able to experience the shared knowledge of TUN’s early days, and the library was able to create and preserve its own institutional history.
Health sciences librarian competency perceptions: a survey of national community college librarians
Authors: McCarthy Sandra C.
Published: January 2021

Objective: The primary objective of this study was to determine how community college health sciences librarians perceive their proficiencies in the essential skills, knowledge, and abilities necessary for the practice of a health information professional as defined by the Medical Library Association (MLA) Competencies for Lifelong Learning and Professional Success. A secondary objective was to determine their current level of engagement with the professional community and identify barriers to further professional development.Methods: A survey was posted to various email discussion lists, and volunteer follow-up interviews were conducted.Results: The survey was completed by seventy-five community college health sciences librarians, and seven follow-up interviews were performed. Survey results indicated that community college health sciences librarians perceived themselves as having intermediate or advanced intermediate proficiency in the six MLA competencies. Survey and interview results indicated that community college health sciences librarians were engaged with the profession and faced the same barriers to continued professional development and continued education as other academic librarians.Conclusion: The results affirm that community college librarians who are responsible for collections and services in the health sciences meet the MLA competencies, which fills a gap in the literature regarding how these librarians develop professional competencies and are involved in professional associations. The results suggest that community college librarians can improve their skill levels by continuing their education and following trends in the literature.
Case study of geochemical clustering as a tool for tracing sources of clays for archaeological and modern bricks
Authors: Taraškevičius Ričardas , Kazakauskas Vaidotas , Sarcevičius Saulius , Zinkutė Rimantė , Suzdalev Sergej
Published: January 2021

The study was conducted using 14 hierarchical clustering ways and combining them with 4 inter-related sets of elements, i.e. the contents of Al, Ba, Ca, Fe, Ga, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Nb, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th and Ti determined by EDXRF in 44 splits of 10 archaeological and 4 modern bricks, as well as in 38 clay samples from two quarries. Empirical scoring of tree dendrograms of archaeological samples helped to identify Complete Linkage, Weighted Pair Group Average and Ward’s methods as the most suitable for sourcing. Successful identification of geochemical clustering methods for fingerprinting sources of bricks is determined by the intrinsic features of the geochemical composition of stonework or quarries: their similarity, determined by the geochemical peculiarities of clay indicators, such as Al, Rb, Ga, K, Th, Fe, Ti and Nb, and differences, expressed by the elements that are more abundant in sands and silts (Si, Na), carbonates (Ca, Sr, Mg), organic matter (P) and other lithological-mineralogical tracers. It has been found that the mean values of the geochemical composition of the allied objects have much more useful fingerprinting properties. It is strongly recommended for source fingerprinting to select not only typical lithological-mineralogical samples, but also homogeneous sampling sets excluding possible outliers. It has been shown that each raw clay material has its own specific geochemical features. This is an essential useful feature for source fingerprinting using clustering of the objects of interest.
Sedimentological traces of ice-raft grounding in a Weichselian glacial lake near Dukuli (NE Latvia)
Authors: van Loon A.J. (Tom) , Soms Juris , Nartišs Māris , Krievāns Māris , Pisarska-Jamroży Małgorzata
Published: January 2021

A clearly erosional, asymmetrical structure with a large concentration of unsorted clasts (ranging from gravel to boulder size) in its deepest point is present in Weichselian glaciolacustrine, mainly fine-grained sediments exposed in an outcrop near Dukuli (NE Latvia). No traces of currents that were sufficiently strong to be capable to erode the sediments significantly have been encountered in the sedimentary succession under study, and such currents would certainly not have been capable to transport boulder-sized clasts. Neither are traces present of mass movements that could deposit the boulder-sized clasts. The glaciolacustrine setting of the succession, the deep scouring and the high concentration of large clasts must therefore be ascribed to erosion of the lake bottom by the keel of an ice raft that became grounded and gradually melted; the debris that was carried along by the ice raft was released and concentrated at the deepest point of the depression that had been eroded by it.
A new approach to local climate identification in the Baltic Sea’s coastal area
Authors: Dailidė Remigijus , Povilanskas Ramūnas , Méndez Pérez Juan Albino , Simanavičiūtė Greta
Published: January 2021

One of the main tasks of this work is to investigate a different and new approach to coastal climate identification in the Baltic Sea’s coastal areas. A different approach of spatial correlation between solar net shortwave radiation flux and air temperature data helps to distinguish and derive areas which receive the same amount of energy but have a different average air temperature than the surrounding territories. Most of the successful climate classifications consist of three climatic variables (temperature, precipitation and temperature range). This work establishes that bivariate correlation maps of solar net shortwave radiation flux and air temperature can also be successfully used to identify local coastal climate around the Baltic Sea. The data used is the WorldClim global climate dataset and NOAH025_2.0 model output. Model data is used for calculating the correlation maps and is later compared to long-term air temperature range maps of the Baltic Sea’s coastal area. The study shows that in combination with standard classification methods, the research results can later be applied for classification of local coastal climates. Thus, the method proposed opens new potential to study coastal climate with a higher degree of accuracy. However, further studies are required to characterize the behaviour of this method for other than temperate climates.
Morphological and geochemical record of historical erosion on the example of small alluvial and deluvial fans accumulated on the Bug River terraces in the Neple area (Podlasie Lowland, eastern Poland)
Authors: Szwarczewski Piotr , Rogóż-Matyszczak Anna , Zbucki Łukasz
Published: January 2021

The gullies in the vicinity of Neple (Podlaska Lowland, eastern Poland) are relatively young and were created due to the land use and climate changes. The aim of the research was to determine the variability of selected alluvial-diluvial fans occurring in the Bug River valley and their age using interdisciplinary methods (e.g. absolute dating, geochemical analyzes, cartographic data). Geological mapping and several drillings (both within the fans, valleys or gullies bottoms and glacial or fluvioglacial plateaus) were done. Historical data dealing with the human economic activity in the region were analyzed. The obtained radiocarbon dating and geochemical features of sediments building the alluvial and diluvial fans proved that these forms are not older than some 500 years. Due to the lateral movement of the Bug River channel only some of the forms are preserved in the area under study. The rest of them disappeared due to the fluvial erosion.
Geohydraulic conditions and post-treatment at riverbank filtration sites in Eastern Europe
Authors: Kruć Roksana , Dragon Krzysztof , Górski Józef , Nagy-Kovács Zsuzsanna , Grischek Thomas
Published: January 2021

Managed aquifer recharge is gaining in importance worldwide. As there is not much information on bank filtration (BF) sites in Eastern Europe, a survey of geohydraulic conditions and post-treatment schemes carried out. Such information will make it possible to assess hydraulic conditions in the region and the commonly required post-treatment. Data were collected from publications, archival documentations, maps as well as through direct communication with administrators of relevant water companies. As a result, a summary of the data from 71 BF or BF/artificial recharge (AR) well fields in the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia and Slovenia was prepared. Data on the source of water, location, capacity, aquifer thickness and hydraulic conductivity, and treatment methods were collected. Thirteen of the studied 71 RBF well fields are combined with AR. The most common type of BF in Eastern Europe is riverbank filtration (RBF) with wells located along a river. 56% of the analyzed sites are located along larger rivers such as the Danube, Drava, Nemunas, Neris, Odra, Volga, Warta and the Wisła. The smallest BF site has a discharge capacity of only 38 m3/day, the largest BF site 210,000 m3/day, while the smallest and the largest combined BF/AR site has a discharge capacity of 5,500 m3/day and 150,000 m3/day, respectively. The average values of aquifer thickness and hydraulic conductivity are 21 m and 2.7*10-3 m/s, respectively, at BF sites and 16 m and 5.7*10-4 m/s, respectively, at BF/AR sites. The most common post-treatment steps include aeration-filtration – disinfection, UV, ozone and activated carbon being used at many sites as well. The collected data can prove helpful in designing and modernizing BF sites, comparing and establishing direct contacts with water companies facing similar conditions. The outcome of this study is the built-up BF database for Eastern Europe, which can supplement the Global Inventory of Managed Aquifer Recharge Schemes (IGRAC 2017)
La excavación arqueológica realizada en 1804 en el anfiteatro de Segobriga. Documentos inéditos conservados en la Real Academia de la Historia (Madrid
Authors: Cebrián Fernández Rosario
Published: January 2021

El fondo documental de la biblioteca de la Real Academia de la Historia conserva el expediente “Antigüedades de Cabeza de Griego” (Biblioteca RAH CAI-CU-9-3941/2), que contiene entre otros la información sobre la excavación arqueológica realizada en 1804 en el anfiteatro de Segobriga por J. F. Martínez Falero. En este artículo se presenta el estudio de la documentación inédita acerca de estos trabajos arqueológicos. Ello ha permitido identificar las áreas excavadas y situarlas en la planimetría del edificio para espectáculos
Inscripciones latinas inéditas de Casa del Olivo
Authors: García Fernández Estela , Hernando Sobrino María del Rosario
Published: January 2021

Presentamos aquí tres inscripciones romanas, inéditas y presumiblemente procedentes del territorio de la actual provincia de Córdoba, dos de ellas registradas en el segundo volumen de la autobiografía de Carlos Castilla del Pino titulada Casa del Olivo. Las dos primeras son de carácter funerario y, al menos la segunda, se acomoda en tipología y contenido a los parámetros usuales de la epigrafía funeraria de la antigua Colonia Patricia Corduba; por el contrario, la tercera, fragmentada, corresponde a un epígrafe de carácter métrico
Paradigmas Cuantitativos y Cualitativos en la Evaluación y Seguimiento del Profesional Universitario
Authors: Quáas Fernandois Cecilia
Published: January 2021

Uno de los problemas más agudos y complejos que deben afrontar en la actualidad las Instituciones de Educación Superior, es sin lugar a dudas la evaluación y seguimiento del profesional que han formado.

Desde esta perspectiva, uno de los posibles enfoques de aproximación a este objeto de estudio corresponde al campo de la investigación, y es así, como nos enfrentamos sin lugar a dudas a una gran cantidad de métodos, técnicas y alternativas, cuyo volumen y diversidad lejos de clarificar el problema terminan por confundir y desconcertar a quienes están o deberían estar a cargo de estas funciones.

Sin rehusar al desafío que nos plantean algunos problemas polémicos respecto a este objeto de estudio, interesa desde nuestra posición de evaluadores, investigadores y personas comprometidas en la formación de nuevos profesionales, aportar algunos elementos de estudio que sirvan para una fundamentación científica de un problema que tiene una importancia capital en el instante de diseñar e implementar un programa de evaluación y seguimiento de los profesionales universitarios.
Los Marcos de la Práctica Curricular
Authors: Silva Águila Manuel Isaías
Published: January 2021

La disciplina del Currículum busca a la hora actual develar los problemas que al interior de la escolaridad se producen como consecuencia de la tensión entre el Currículum Prescrito, que delimita el proceso de transmisión cultural

intencionado, y la traducción práctica de la misma. Este artículo explora los contreñimientos que mediatizan el cumplimiento de las finalidades del sistema escolar abordando los múltiples contextos que le circunscriben.
Problemas morales en el ejercicio docente
Authors: Valenzuela Fuenzalida Alvaro
Published: January 2021

La Formación Inicial de Docentes es objeto de un interés creciente en nuestro medio tal como lo revelan múltiples iniciativas tanto privadas como públicas. Ahora bien, a nuestro juicio, en todas ellas se procura avanzar en la inserción de

esos candidatos en un contexto profesional mediante un esfuerzo orientado fundamentalmente a los aspectos cognitivos (aprender a aprender, destrezas intelectuales, metacognición, etc), con cierto desmedro de otras áreas de la

vivencia personal. Una de ellas es la referente a la dimensión moral de su propio ejercicio profesional. Pues bien, es nuestro objetivo en las líneas que siguen enunciar, de modo preliminar, el marco teórico en que aparecen la moral, la moralidad y la ética, y el modo como se revela la conciencia moral, de un grupo de profesores en ejercicio. Esperamos que este estudio de casos sirva para llamar la atención sobre la aguda necesidad de incluir el tema de la moralidad profesional en los curricula de jóvenes que se preparan para este exigente oficio.
Hablando del currículo integrado de James Beane
Authors: Contreras López Guillermo
Published: January 2021

Comentario sobre los conceptos emitidos por el profesor James Beane de la National Luois University, de Evanston, Illinois, Estados Unidos, en un artículo publicado en la revista Phi Delta Kappan (Abril 1995) bajo el título de Curriculum Integration and the Disciplines of Knowledge (Traducción de G. Contreras).
Metacognición, metacomprensión y educación
Authors: Crespo Allende Nina María
Published: January 2021

Es una verdad evidente que todo hombre realiza una serie de procesos mentales que le permiten ínteractuar con la realidad en la cual está inmerso. Sin embargo, los límites de la cognición humana van más allá. Por una parte, puede pensar acerca del mundo e, incluso, crear mundos imaginarios y, por otra, pueden hacer una reflexión sobre dicha vida mental y -a partir de allí- regularla o replantearla de acuerdo a los fines que una determinada tarea les imponga. Este conocimiento reflexivo ha sido denominado por Flavell (1985) metacognición y ha sido definido en los siguientes términos:

"What is metacognition?It has usually been broadly and ratherloosly defined as any knowledge or cognüive actiuity that takes as its objéct, or regula tes, any aspect of any cognitive enterprise. It is called metacognition because its core meaning is cognition about cognition". (Flavell’ 1985:104)
Employing Quantile Regression for Influences of Human Resource Management on Employee Performance
Authors: Huynh Quang Linh , Suong Huynh Thi Thu
Published: January 2021

The current study has employed the regression of quantile to explore the impacts of human resource management practices on employee performance at enterprises in business. The research data was collected in Vietnam as a developing economy. The empirical results offer a quite comprehensive picture of the causal linkages from the practices of human resource management to employee performance in emerging economies. These complex linkages have been explored at different quantiles of the conditional distribution of employee performance. The findings reveal that at different points of the conditional mean of employee performance, the effects of human resource management practices are different. The current work is helpful to researchers and business directors, especially in emerging countries like Vienam, by providing them with a more comprehensive picture of the multifaceted links from the practices of human resource management to employee performance. Accordingly, they are able to make better business decisions on the implementation of suitable human resource management. Finally, their enterprises can achieve better employee performance, which in turn leads to superior firm performance.
Does Tax Knowledge Motivate Tax Compliance in Malaysia?
Authors: Salawati Sahari , Sritharan Nivakan , Sheung Sharon Cheuk Choy , Mohamed Ahmad Syubaili
Published: January 2021

This study aims to clarify whether tax knowledge of individual taxpayers motivates tax compliance in Malaysia. Studies with similar topics express the fact that there still exists a gap in profiling the demographic characteristics of knowledgeable taxpayers and better compliant taxpayers in Malaysia. Age, gender, income groups, and education level were the demographic variables used to study the association. The study applied a survey method for data collection. The population targeted was the individual taxpayers across Malaysia, whereby a sample of 419 respondents involved in this study. T-test, One-Way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation analysis had been employed to analyse the data. The outcome of the study reveals that knowledgeable taxpayers are not better tax complaining of taxpayers in Malaysia. Further, the relationship between tax knowledge and tax compliance is negative and insignificant. This paper studied the association of tax knowledge with tax compliance level, which attempt to contribute to the literature and aids tax administration to intensify not only tax law educations but also tax penalties for tax evaders.
Why don’t young doctors want to be surgeons?
Authors: Czopek Piotr , Dranka-Bojarowska Daria , Mrowiec Sławomir
Published: January 2021

Aim: The increasing staff shortages in Polish surgery incline towards posing the following questions: What are the reasons for the reluctance of Polish doctors in training and residents to specialize in this field of medicine? What measures could be pursued to raise the interest of students and trainees in specializing in general surgery? The aim of this paper is to attempt to answer these questions.
Material and methods: From August 5 to December 30, 2019, an online survey of doctors in training and resident doctors was conducted. The study covered 2,498 people.
Results: The key reason indicated by young doctors of both sexes was the disproportion between the level of remuneration and professional responsibility. Other most commonly reported reasons include: high overtime, physical and mental strain at work, and fear of not being allowed by senior colleagues to perform surgery.
Conclusions: In view of the aging Polish surgical staff and a decreasing number of young doctors interested in this field of medicine, it is necessary to introduce changes into their mode of education.
Nasal allergen challenge - an important tool in diagnosis of rhinologic disease
Authors: Arcimowicz Magdalena , Krzych-Fałta Edyta
Published: January 2021

The nasal allergen challenge (NAC) is used in the diagnosis of rhinitis. The primary use of NAC is to confirm allergy to a specific inhaled allergen. NAC reproduces the allergic reaction of the nasal mucosa under standardized and controlled conditions that occurs after direct intranasal administration of allergens. As the only used method for assessing the degree of allergy, it mimics the body’s natural response to the sensitizing factor in the early and late stages of an allergic reaction. NAC is used in the diagnosis of chronic, occupational and local rhinitis, as well as in the differential diagnosis of rhinitis and ophthalmic symptoms. Under conditions similar to natural exposure, it determines the relationship between the allergen and symptoms of allergic rhinitis, especially in the case of difficulties in interpreting the results of skin tests and the serum concentration of specific IgE. It is a truly valuable tool in determining the indications for immunotherapy and the selection of allergens for desensitization therapy. It also serves as a method of monitoring the effectiveness of immunotherapy and pharmacotherapy. For scientific purposes, NAC is used to study the mechanisms of an allergic reaction and the influence of various factors on its course. It is considered safe, but requires appropriate instruments and qualified personnel.
Inverted sinus papillary surgery
Authors: Gotlib Tomasz
Published: January 2021

Inverted papilloma is a locally aggressive lesion most commonly oryginating from the maxillary sinus. Currently transnsal endoscopic surgery is a method of choice in majority of cases. The article presents evolution of endoscopic approaches and possibilities of miniinvasive treatment of this tumor with regard to location.
PRAWNE UREGULOWANIA W ZAKRESIE UŻYWANIA BEZZAŁOGOWYCH STATKÓW POWIETRZNYCH PRZEZ MEDIA
Authors: Konert Anna , Sakowska Baryła Marlena
Published: January 2021

Coraz częściej drony używane są w świecie mediów, zwłaszcza przy tworzeniu reportażu lub filmu fabularnego. Użycie dronów zapewnia uzyskanie dobrej jakości obrazu i dźwięku, pozwala na wykonanie ujęć z różnych kątów i perspektyw, umożliwia utrwalenie przebiegu wydarzeń w sposób wcześniej nie zawsze uchwytny, a w konsekwencji zaprezentować treści oraz poszczególne osoby w sposób, który nierzadko wcześniej był nieosiągalny. Stanowi to jednak duże zagrożenie dla naszej prywatności. Drony mogą, bowiem zbierać takie dane osobowe jak obraz, dźwięk, czy informacje o lokalizacji a ponadto wyrządzić szkodę na osobie w postaci uszkodzenia ciała. Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu omówienie problematyki związanej z odpowiedzialnością operatora drona za naruszenie dóbr osobistych, takich jak zdrowie oraz prawo do prywatności, wizerunku oraz ochrony danych osobowych.
ROLA I ZADANIA SŁUŻB SPECJALNYCH W PAŃSTWACH NIEDEMOKRATYCZNYCH I DEMOKRATYCZNYCH NA PRZYKŁADZIE ROSJI I POLSKI
Authors: Krassowski Krzysztof , Wierzchowski Tomasz , Wierzchowska Anna
Published: January 2021

Niniejsza publikacja poświęcona jest problematyce roli oraz funkcjonowania służb specjalnych w uwarunkowaniach państwa demokratycznego oraz niedemokratycznego, w szczególności w kontekście potrzeby zapewniania przez te służby adekwatnych informacji dla potrzeb instytucji państwowych, jako warunku sine qua non jego sprawnego funkcjonowania w aktualnych warunkach geopolitycznych. Jest to zagadnienie multidyscyplinarne, z pogranicza nauk o bezpieczeństwie oraz nauk prawnych. Analizie poddano zarówno umocowanie instytucjonalne, w pewnym zakresie otoczenie prawne, jak również wymagania i zadania stawiane służbom specjalnych, przeciwstawiając sobie dwa porządki – państwa niedemokratycznego na przykładzie Rosji oraz państwa demokratycznego – na podstawie Polski. Wskazano na aktualne wyzwania informacyjne w kontekście rozwoju technologicznego i cyfryzacji społeczeństwa, a także dokumentów oraz polityk państwa o znaczeniu strategicznym.
Das opiniões publicadas para as opiniões postadas: os atalhos informativos e a internet nos temas internacionais
Authors: Marcelino Jonatas Torresan
Published: January 2021

Este artigo tem o objetivo de discutir possíveis mudanças no conceito de atalhos cognitivos ao longo da década  de 2010. Os atalhos cognitivos são um termo utilizado na literatura de ciência política para a compreensão dos caminhos utilizados pelos eleitores para a decodificação de temas políticos complexos, incluindo os internacionais.
The facilitating role of sport in foreign relations of the US and Iran
Authors: Monazami Amirhosein
Published: January 2021

The soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran, after fourteen years of it’s revolution, has been influenced by various macro and micro concepts that have been repeatedly challenged by Western countries, especially the United States; So, Islamic Republic of Iran, in light of recent years' successes in the international field of sports, including seventeenth among the 206 countries in the Olympic 2012 can use this capacity to expand its interactions in the international arena. The purpose of the present study was initially to explore the concepts of strengthening Iran's soft power through sport and to design a favorable paradigm for the development of diplomatic relations with Western countries, especially the United States. Then, SPSS and PLS software were used to investigate the correlation between variables based on Spearman test, exploratory factor analysis and finally structural and interpretive modeling of independent and dependent variables. The findings showed that seven factors of economic development, religious flow, transformation and communication, cultural exchange, national unity, political currents and peacebuilding were in four levels influenced by Iran's international sporting environment.
Rule of law y rule by law: el caso de la inversión extranjera en Guangdong y Jiangsu (China)
Authors: Mosquera Mariano
Published: January 2021

¿Por qué provincias similares tienen distinta estabilidad en sus flujos de inversión extranjera? La investigación compara las provincias de Guangdong y Jiangsu en la República Popular China y discute porqué estas provincias de similares características en infraestructura e incentivos bajo el modelo de apertura chino se diferencian en la estabilidad de los flujos de Inversión Extranjera Directa (IED). La hipótesis se centró en que la agenda legal en materia de inversión extranjera presenta un punto de equilibrio más cercano al rule of law en Guangdong que en Jiangsu. La investigación desarrolla una definición teórica sobre el punto de equilibrio entre rule of law y rule by law en China y contrasta empíricamente, con técnicas de minería de texto y procesamiento de lenguaje natural, la agenda legal en materia de inversiones en las mencionadas dos provincias. Como conclusión, la hipótesis se comprueba pero con el hallazgo emergente del factor cultural en la Provincia de Guangdong. Es justamente este emergente el que permite discutir el poder explicativo del rule of law sobre la estabilidad de los flujos de IED.
The Other Holocaust
Authors: Gruenwald Oskar ,   Institute for Interdisciplinary Research
Published: January 2021

This essay explores an interdisciplinary framework for the comparative study of genocide. It traces the Other Holocaust of communist genocide in the twentieth century, with an estimated 100 million victims. Both the Nazi Holocaust and communist genocide raise major ethical dilemmas concerning individual and collective responsibility. The central underlying dynamic common to the Nazi Holocaust, communist and other genocides is the radical discounting of human life and dignity, and denial of the intrinstic worth of each individual human being. Hence the moral equivalency of evil Mass crimes against humanity run counter to the ethical precepts of all major religions, in particular the Judaeo-Christian tradition which considers man inviolable, created in the image of God Those who would honor and remember the victims of past genocides, whether Christians or Jews, believers or nonbelievers, need to rededicate their efforts to prevent such atrocities in the future by defending human rights and the persecuted in the present.
Ethics, Faith and Sport
Authors: Spencer Albert F. ,   Institute for Interdisciplinary Research
Published: January 2021

This essay examines the complex nature of sport today and considers how sport can transcend social, political, and economic divisiveness through a union with Judaeo-Christian ethical and spiritual values. Although religion and sport both involve the synthesis of the mind, body, and spirit, there are valid questions about the uses and abuses of sport in society. The central issues concern proper professional and sports conduct. The significance of competition and winning among athletes, coaches, and fans presents a challenge to the integration of ethical principles between sport and religious faith. Some sports practitioners are able to make this bond successfully, exemplified by the Christian witness of individuals like Nile Kinnick, Eric Liddell, and John Wooden. Relevant to any consideration of the symbiotic relationship between religion and sport is the potential for sport, nurtured through the sacredness of faith, to serve as a means for developing various aspects of human virtue.
An easily constructed chart for finding the roots of quadratic equations
Authors: Barnes George
Published: January 2021

High-school pupils may be interested in the construction and use of a chart to solve certain quadratic equations.
Points and Viewpoints: The untapped reservoir of potential scientific manpower
Authors: Brown Kenneth E.
Published: January 2021

A column of unofficial comment
Tips for Beginners: A logical beginning for high school geometry
Authors: Wiseman John D.
Published: January 2021

Introducing students to high school geometry has been tried in a number of ways. In attempting to develop a beginning that seemed likely to be most effective in my classes, I came up with the ideas presented here. I started with the assumption that students bring to their study of geometry a natural curiosity to know what the new course is all about. I, also, assumed that an important purpose of the course is the development of an ability to think critically. I decided that a good approach would be one that teaches the meaning of proof as used in mathematics.
Numerical analysis and high school mathematics
Authors: Luke Yudell L.
Published: January 2021

At least one method now taught “should be relegated to the class of useless objects.”
Testing Time: Using “take-home” tests
Authors: Elder Florence L.
Published: January 2021

A test should measure “the attainment of the objectives of instruction set down by the teacher.”1 The test items should be so constructed that the tester can determine the extent to which a student understands basic notions and principles.
Mathematics in the Junior High School: Emotional blocks in mathematics
Authors: Tulock Mary K.
Published: January 2021

Let us take an objective look at the attitudes of today's students toward mathematics. There is convincing evidence of the shrinking per cent of students studying mathematics. At the International Convention of Mathematicians, September 2-9, 1954, in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Saunders MacLane, the former President of the Mathematics Association of America, reported on the status of mathematics in the United States. He reported on the de-emphasis of mathematics and the resulting impact on the greatly needed manpower supply. He contrasted this with the concerted effort for full development of mathematicians and other scientists within the countries behind the Iron Curtain. These countries, at the present rate, threaten to outstrip the United States by a wide margin in the future supply of mathematicians and other scientists essential today for physical survival. Tbis awareness intensifies our concern but offers no solution to the complex problem. What can we do to improve the situation? Remove the threat of mathematics! Replace fear and trembling with appreciation. How? Why?
Notes from the Washington Office: New business procedures in the Washington office
Authors: Ahrendt M. H.
Published: January 2021

Every organization should be constantly on the alert to find ways to increase the accuracy and efficiency with which it renders its services and discharges its duties. We have tried to make this belief both our philosophy and our working plan in the headquarters office of the Council.
Testing Time: Testing in College Mathematics
Authors: Stephanie Sister M.
Published: January 2021

All teachers of college mathematics test their students. They administer achievement tests when the student arrives at college to learn his mathematical maturity, something that is not always clearly represented by a certain number of entrance credits or a grade on his high school transcript.
Symbols and functions
Authors: Brune Irvin H.
Published: January 2021

Some common words, often worn fuzzy in ordinary usage, need more than ordinary care in mathematics.
Points and Viewpoints: Some comment on accelerated mathematics
Authors: Aiken Daymond J.
Published: January 2021

There are two definite trends in secondary mathematics today: the introduction of modern mathematics into the curriculum, and the introduction of accelerated programs to gifted students. It is my belief that we should take a closer look at the second trend.
Mathematics in the total school program
Authors: Hartung Maurice L.
Published: January 2021

Three general principles for the organization of a curriculum are set forth, and their implications for mathematics in the elementary and secondary schools developed.
The ancients versus the moderns—a reply
Authors: Meder Albert E.
Published: January 2021

Both Professor Kline and the Editor of The Mathematics Teacher have very courteously and generously offered to let me read the manuscript of the foregoing article and to comment upon it from the point of view of the Commission on Mathematics. Let me begin with a sincere expression of thanks for this courtesy and the evidence it constitutes that Professor Kline desires the debate to be conducted on a high level of intellectual integrity. I share this view.