bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monitoring wildlife population trends with sample counts: A case study on the Alpine ibex (Capra ibex)
Authors: Panaccio Matteo , Brambilla Alice , Bassano Bruno , Smith Tessa , Hardenberg Achaz von
Published: May 2023

Monitoring population dynamics is of fundamental importance in
conservation but assessing trends in abundance can be costly, especially
in large and rough areas. Obtaining trend estimations from counts
performed in only a portion of the total area (sample counts) can be a
cost-effective method to improve the monitoring and conservation of
species difficult to count. We tested the effectiveness of sample counts
in monitoring population trends of wild animals, using as a model
population the Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) in Gran Paradiso National Park
(Italy), both with computer simulations and using historical census data
collected over the last 65 years. Despite sample counts could fail to
correctly estimate the true population abundance, sampling half of the
target area could reliably monitor the trend of the target population.
In case of strong changes in abundance, an even lower proportion of the
total area could be sufficient to identify the direction of the
population trend. However, when there is a high yearly trend
variability, the required number of samples increases and even counting
in the entire area can be ineffective to monitor population dynamics.
Lastly, the effect of other parameters (such as which portion of the
area is sampled or the detectability) was marginal, but these should be
tested case by case. Sample counts could therefore constitute a viable
alternative to assess population trends, allowing for important,
cost-effective improvements in the monitoring of wild animals of
conservation interest.
Gemtuzumab ozogamicin monotherapy is a well-tolerated palliative chemotherapy option in pediatric multiply relapsed acute myeloid leukemia: a multi-center case series and review of the literature
Authors: Blain Sarah , Payette Noémie , Bittencourt Henrique , Johnston Donna
Published: May 2023

Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) is an anti-CD33 antibody that is FDA approved
in upfront acute myeloid leukemia (AML) for patients over 1 month-old,
and for relapsed or refractory AML in patients over 2 years-old. GO is
now integrated in upfront pediatric AML treatment, and often in CD33+
relapse treatment combined with intensive conventional chemotherapy.
Although GO was initially tested as a monotherapeutic agent in relapsed
or refractory AML ([1](#ref-0001)
[2](#ref-0002)), there are few data in pediatric
patients supporting this indication. In this review, we report 4 cases
of multiply relapsed pediatric AML patients that were treated with GO
monotherapy with palliative intent. Three out of 4 patients obtained a
complete response with GO re-induction, either as monotherapy or paired
with conventional chemotherapy. Three patients remained in remission
respectively for 5, 17, and 9 months with GO continuation monotherapy.
The literature was reviewed regarding the use of GO in pediatric AML
relapse settings.
Integrating geometric morphometrics and DNA barcoding: A consolidated taxonomic tool in identifying selected cryptic Carangid species encountered in the Indian Ocean.
Authors: Gamage Lahiru Pandi , Ranasinghe Naveen , Munasinghe Dona , Lee Tsung
Published: May 2023

Geometric morphometrics and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) DNA
barcoding are crucial for identifying closely related cryptic carangid
species. We integrated both taxonomic methods for promising
identification within selected carangid groups, trevallies (Turrum
coeruleopinnatum, Platycaranx malabaricus, and Atropus hedlandensis) and
scads (Selar crumenophthalmus, Selar boops, and Atule mate). Despite a
plethora of carangid barcode data, the knowledge bridge on carangid
evolutionary footprints provides limited information on their origin,
evolution, and distribution. Procrustes-defined data derived from shape
differences between species and between morphs within species were
analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) and canonical variate
analysis (CVA) (P < 0.0001), and were independent of
intraspecific variation. Geometric morphometric clustering was evaluated
using mtDNA COI barcoding, and each morph/species cluster was found to
be compatible with the corresponding species. Average Kimura 2-
Parameter (K2P) divergences were obtained in accordance with taxonomic
hierarchy and were consistent with the 2% species delimitation:
conspecific, congeneric, confamilial divergences were 0.28%, 4.50%,
and 11.90% respectively and intraspecific and interspecific divergences
were in the ranges (0.00-0.60)% and (2.10-18.70)% respectively. The
greatest divergence was observed between the Indian and Indo-Australian
Archipelago (IAA) individuals, whereas the lowest divergence was
observed between the common ancestral cluster and IAA individuals.
However, both consolidated taxonomic approaches provided a clear
resolution of the selected carangid species over cryptic speciation. The
origin of the carangid ancestor and its centered distribution in the IAA
region are well described by regional characteristic divergences and are
further explained by the center of origin and overlap hypotheses.
Determination and Gas-phase Stability Evaluation of Organometallic Complexes by Nanoelectrospray Ionization and Collision-induced Dissociation Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Li Xi , Sawada Keisuke , Shioji Hirotaka
Published: May 2023

Rationale: The structures of organometallic complexes determine
their stable functioning in product performance. Electrospray
ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is used in studying metal
complexes, but it exhibits limitations in analyzing labile
organometallics. Therefore, identifying a method of detecting unstable
organometallics and evaluating their stabilities is necessary, providing
a theoretical basis for material selection and performance evaluation.
Methods: The standard complexes Zn(BTZ) ,
Fe(acac) , and Sn(Oct) were analyzed
using nanoelectrospray ionization-quadrupole orbitrap MS (nanoESI-MS)
and compared with ESI-MS. Alkylamine-Ag complexes
were analyzed using nanoESI and collision-induced dissociation MS/MS
(CID-MS/MS). Breakdown plots of the ion relative abundances against
collision energies expressed in terms of the center-of-mass were
constructed according to the obtained product ion spectra. Quantum
chemical calculations based on density functional theory were performed
to calculate the binding energies between the alkylamines and Ag
. Results: The molecular ions of the three
standard complexes were only detected using nanoESI-MS, which confirmed
the suitability of soft nanoESI for use in detecting unstable
organometallics. The gas-phase stabilities of the amine-Ag
complexes, as estimated using the breakdown plots
constructed by plotting the data obtained via nanoESI and CID-MS/MS,
were consistent with the established theories, previous studies, and
binding energies calculated using computational methods.
Conclusions: NanoESI-MS is suitable for detecting labile
organometallics and enables the structural analyses of unknown
organometallic additives. A novel approach based on nanoESI and
CID-MS/MS was developed to determine the gas-phase stabilities of
organometallics, enabling their quantification and comparison and
providing a technical basis for product improvement, which is essential
in developing industrial materials.
Atuação dos organismos multilaterais para a governança global
Authors: Bortot Camila Maria , Scaff Elisangela Alves da Silva , Souza Kellcia Rezende
Published: May 2023

Objetiva-se analisar formas de atuação dos Organismos Multilaterais (OM) no contexto governança educacional global. A base metodológica se sustenta pela abordagem qualitativa a partir da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Os dados apresentados permitem identificar um modus operandi de OM, como UNESCO, UNICEF e Banco Mundial, aperfeiçoado de forma a corroborar com a interdependência produzida na Governança Global, estabelecida pelos acordos da política internacional, envolvendo redes internacionais e domésticas. Nesse cenário, os OM vêm atuando como difusores e mediadores no processo de transferência de políticas, o que permite integrar redes híbridas de governança. Incidentemente, a transferência ocorre mediante a recontextualização e adaptação de políticas, de forma não linear, para a legitimação e o encaminhamento de agendas globais, sob a ostentação da ideia ilusória de que houve trocas, partilhas e negociações, mas que, em sua maior parte, corroborou para a transnacionalização da educação.
National trends in hyperglycaemia and diabetic ketoacidosis in children, adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes. A challenge due to age, stage of development or is new thinking of service provision needed?
Authors: Holman Naomi , Woch Emilia , Dayan Colin , Warner Justin , Robinson Holly , Young Bob , Elliott Jackie
Published: May 2023

  

Objective

Adolescence is associated with high risk hyperglycaemia. This study examines the phenomenon in a life-course context. 

Research design and methods

93,125 people with type 1 diabetes aged 5-30 years were identified from the National Diabetes Audit (NDA) and/or the National Paediatric Diabetes Audit (NPDA) for England and Wales for 2017/18-2019/20. For each audit year the latest HbA1c and hospital admissions for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) were identified. Data were analysed in sequential cohorts by year of age. 

Results 

In childhood, unreported HbA1c measurement was uncommon but by 19 years had increased to 22.3% for males and 17.3% for females, reducing to 17.9% and 13.1% respectively by 30 years. Median HbA1c at 9 years was 7.6% (60mmol/mol) (IQR 7.1%-8.4%, 54-68mmol/mol) in males and 7.7% (61mmol/mol)  (8.0%-8.4%, 64-68mmol/mol) in females increasing to 8.7% (72mmol/mol) (7.5%-10.3%, 59-89mmol/mol) and 8.9% (74mmol/mol) (7.7%-10.6%, 61-92mmol/mol) respectively at 19 years before falling to 8.4% (68mmol/mol) (7.4%-9.7%, 57-83mmol/mol) and 8.2% (66mmol/mol) (7.3%-9.7%, 56-82mmol/mol) respectively at 30 years. Annual hospitalisation for DKA rose steadily from 6 years (2.0% for males, 1.4% for females) to peak at 19 years for males (7.9%) and 18 years for females (12.7%) reducing to 4.3% for males and 5.4% for females at 30 years. At all ages over 9 years the prevalence of DKA was higher in females. 

Conclusions

HbA1c and the prevalence of DKA increase through adolescence and then decline. Measurement of HbA1c, a marker of clinical review, falls abruptly in the late teenage years.  Age-appropriate services are needed to overcome these issues.
β-cell specific E2f1 deficiency impairs glucose homeostasis, β-cell identity and insulin secretion
Authors: Oger Frédérik , Bourouh Cyril , Elsa Friano Marika , Courty Emilie , Rolland Laure , Gromada Xavier , Moreno Maeva , Carney Charlène , Rabhi Nabil , Durand Emmanuelle , Amanzougarene Souhila , Berberian Lionel , Derhourhi Mehdi , Blanc Etienne , Anissa Hannou Sarah , Denechaud Pierre-Damien , Benfodda Zohra , Meffre Patrick , Fajas Lluis , Kerr-Conte Julie , Pattou François , Froguel Philippe , Pourcet Benoit , Bonnefond Amélie , Collombat Patrick , Annicotte Jean-Sébastien
Published: May 2023

The loss of pancreatic β-cell identity emerges as an important feature of type 2 diabetes development, but the molecular mechanisms are still elusive. Here, we explore the cell-autonomous role of the cell cycle regulator and transcription factor E2F1 in the maintenance of β-cell identity, insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis. We show that the β-cell-specific loss of E2f1 function in mice triggers glucose intolerance associated with defective insulin secretion, an altered endocrine cell mass, a downregulation of many β-cell genes and a concomitant increase of non-β-cell markers. Mechanistically, the epigenomic profiling of promoters of these non-β-cell upregulated genes identified an enrichment of bivalent H3K4me3/H3K27me3 or H3K27me3 marks. Conversely, promoters of downregulated genes were enriched in active chromatin H3K4me3 and H3K27ac histone marks. We find that specific E2f1 transcriptional, cistromic and epigenomic signatures are associated with these β-cell dysfunctions, with E2F1 directly regulating several β-cell genes at the chromatin level. Finally, the pharmacological inhibition of E2F transcriptional activity in human islets also impairs insulin secretion and the expression of β-cell identity genes. Our data suggest that E2F1 is critical for maintaining β-cell identity and function through a sustained control of β-cell and non β-cell transcriptional programs. 
Therapeutic Effect of Dupilumab on Systemic and Vascular Inflammation in Adults with Severe Atopic Dermatitis: Feasibility Study Using 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography
Authors: Lee Gi-Wook , Kim Keunyoung , Kim Seong-Jang , Shin Kihyuk , Kim Hoonsoo , Ko Hyun-Chang , Kim Moon-Bum , Kim Byungsoo
Published: May 2023

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disease associated with increased systemic and vascular inflammation. Although dupilumab has been proven to be effective against severe AD, imaging studies analysing its inflammation-reducing effect have rarely been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dupilumab on systemic and vascular inflammation in adult patients with severe AD, using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT). A total of 33 adult patients with severe AD and 25 healthy controls underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT at baseline. Patients on dupilumab treatment underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT again after achieving a 75% reduction from baseline on the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI-75). Patients with AD exhibited increased 18F-FDG uptake values in the liver, spleen, pancreas, and carotid artery compared with healthy controls. However, compared with baseline, there was no statistically significant difference in 18F-FDG uptake in major organs and arteries after achieving EASI-75 with dupilumab treatment. In conclusion, while dupilumab treatment resulted in a significant clinical improvement and reduced serum inflammatory markers in adult patients with severe AD, no changes in systemic and vascular inflammation were observed on 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging.
CIVILIAN AIRCRAFT TRANSPONDER MANIPULATION IN RECONNAISSANCE MISSIONS, AERIAL INCIDENTS CASES AND CHICAGO CONVENTION 1944
Authors: Pratama Garry Gumelar , Nanda Muhammad Rifqi Putra
Published: May 2023

Throughout 2020, the People's Republic of China (PRC) stated that the United States (US) manipulated the electronic identity code of its military aircraft (transponder code) over the South China Sea by using the identity of a civilian aircraft to carry out reconnaissance missions. The discussion of the incidents has faded in the past two years, even being regarded by some observers as a 'common' practice having been used since the Cold War era by the US. These incidents have never been heard to reappear in the South China Sea situation. However, the escalation of reconnaissance practices heated up again after a PRC's high altitude balloon was shot down by a US fighter jet over the US's territorial sea on February 4, 2023. The US had claimed that the aircraft was on a spy mission. This incident could be a starting point for the US to resume the practices throughout 2020 by imprisoning civilian aircraft in the South China Sea or even on the PRC's mainland because this practice is considered 'common' on the US side. By using the international legal research method, in which international legal sources are juxtaposed with the current context in the field, this article concludes that the practice of manipulating civil transponder codes cannot be justified as a 'common' practice because it is endangered the civil aviation and contrary to the Chicago Convention 1944.
THE VULNERABILITY OF PROVING FRAUD AS THE BASIS FOR CANCELLING AGREEMENTS IN THE DIGITAL ERA
Authors: Siombo Marhaeni Ria
Published: May 2023

Civil Law grants freedom to everyone to agree on something as long as it fulfills the valid agreement requirements stated in Article 1320 of the Civil Code. The consent condition is mentioned in Article 1321 of the Civil Code. Consent is invalid if there is a mistake, coercion, or fraud. This writing discusses consent that is not valid due to fraud. Article 1328 of the Civil Code states that 'fraud is a reason for the cancellation of an agreement if the deception used by one of the parties is so obvious and clear that the other party would not have agreed if there was no deception.' It is not easy to prove fraud in an agreement that has been made, as the party that feels deceived is not in a position of 'being forced' and voluntarily signs or digitally approves the agreement with a submitted or accepted mark. More detailed regulations regarding canceling agreements due to fraud are needed to provide legal certainty and justice for the parties.
FAMILY HOPE PROGRAM (PKH) EXTENSION WORKERS' EFFORTS IN ALLEGING POVERTY IN THE COMMUNITY IN KALIWUNGU SUB-DISTRICT, KENDAL REGENCY
Authors: Nihayah Ulin , Wijayanti Lina
Published: May 2023

Poverty remains a major issue in Indonesia. One of the government's efforts to alleviate poverty is the Family Hope Program (PKH). This study aims to describe the Extension Workers' efforts in implementing the Family Hope Program (PKH) to combat poverty in Kaliwungu District, Kendal Regency. Among the outcomes of the efforts made is 1. Socialization of the distribution of assistance through the provision of materials, business training, and assistance in resolving various problems in the field. 2. Increasing the group's economy through skill-based activities such as business partners. 3. Changes in behavior (knowledge, attitudes, and skills) where being in chronic poverty becomes temporary poverty because KPM (Benefit Recipient Families) has acquired business skills. 4. Empowerment of the Independent Community through Skill Training Activities such as making bags and brooches out of cloth that will later be made into saleable goods for the beneficiary families.
IMPLIKASI HUKUM ADAT TERHADAP PEMBAGIAN WARISAN ANAK PEREMPUAN PERSPEKTIF HUKUM KELUARGA ISLAM
Authors: Faizal Liky , Nur Efa Rodiah
Published: May 2023

Lampung's indigenous peoples have a tribal culture divided into two large customary groups, namely the Saibatin and Pepadun indigenous peoples, and the majority of community members embrace Islam in terms of marital affairs, which will be passed down through the family. Indigenous peoples, in general, continue to follow the procedures outlined in their customary law. The purpose of this study is to examine the position of women in inheritance distribution in Lampung customary law in the districts of Way Kanan and Pesisir Barat through the lens of Islamic Family Law in Indonesia. This research is a field study that describes and describes the situation and phenomena that occurred in greater detail. This study investigated the role of women in inheritance distribution in depth. A qualitative descriptive research method is one in which only situations and events are described. This study does not seek or explain relationships, nor does it test hypotheses or make predictions; instead, it simply describes variables one by one. A purposive sample was used in this study. The following people participated in this study as informants: Key informants included four traditional leaders, four women who were heirs, and four indigenous people. Data was gathered through interviews, observations, and documentation, as well as primary and secondary sources. Data collection activities are carried out after the research has been completed or compiled. Data collection is one of the processes in research that can aid in the resolution of the problems being studied; thus, the data collected must be adequate. Data analysis begins with data collection and ends with data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions.
Groundwater Survey Using Resistivity Method for Drought Mitigation in Bima Regency, West Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Prabowo Adi , Hartono Hartono , Kaeni Oscar
Published: May 2023

Groundwater Survey in Bolo District, Palibelo District, Woha District, Langgudu District, Wawo District, Sape District, Wera District, Bima Regency, and West Nusa Tenggara for drought mitigation has been implemented. The study area is located in the majority of hilly areas with soil vulnerable to drought. Water is abundant during the rainy season. However, during the dry season, the ground surface is cracked, and there needs to be more clean water. This situation is troubling the community and the Regional Government of Bima Regency. The study was conducted using the Schlumberger resistivity geoelectric configuration method. The measurement point is in seven sub-districts, with a total of 18 measurement points. Research location at 118,6305833 SL; -8,3008888889 EL up to 119,01925 SL; -8,704638889 EL or covers an area of ± 1,961 km2. The length of the path used is a maximum of 400 meters. Based on the results of geoelectric resistivity data, two types of aquifers are found, open aquifers with depths ranging from 1 m to 26 m and aquifers depressed with depths ranging from 70 to 115 m. In addition to geoelectric information data, drilling data is also used at points that can be reached by heavy equipment in Lanta Barat Village, Lambu District. At the drilling point, the presence of an aquifer layer is obtained at a depth of about 80 meters. Residents then use the discovery of the wellbore to meet their need for clean water.
Structure of zoocenoses of artificial reef fouling in Northern Caspian
Authors: Kurapov Aleksey Aleksandrovich , Umerbaeva Roza Ivanovna
Published: May 2023

The study of artificial substrates fouling in the Caspian Sea is carried out by many scientists. The initiators of installing the artificial reefs in recent years have been the oil companies operating in the Caspian Sea, while the main goal was to improve the quality of the marine environment by increasing the self-cleaning ability of the marine ecosystem due to the development of filter organisms forming dense clusters on the surfaces of artificial substrates. There are presented the results of studies of the qualitative and quantitative composition of zooperiphyton of artificial reefs installed in the northern part of the Caspian Sea at the depths of 4-10 m. Samples were taken from the concrete artificial substrates. The studies were carried out by the conventional research methods. As a result, there were obtained the data on species composition of the zooocenosis of fouling and their quantitative characteristics. In zooperiphyte samples there were found 11 species from 4 classes of invertebrates: Crustacea, Mollusca, Polychaeta, and Hydrozoa. Of this number of species, the largest abundance and biomass were formed by Balanus improvisus (Balanidae) and Mytilaster lineatus (Mytilidae). The level of development of these two species determined the general indicators of zoocenosis of artificial reef fouling. The remaining species had low indicators of quantitative development, but were important for the fouling biodiversity of the Caspian Sea. There has been defined the influence of the depth of artificial reef installation on the development of fouling organisms, found their higher quantitative characteristics compared to zoobenthos, and the structure-forming species of zooperiphyton in the survey area.
Tensiones entre exclusión e inclusión en el desarrollo turístico, un cambio de perspectiva
Authors: Cañada Mullor Ernest
Published: May 2023

A partir de la erosión de conceptos como “turismo sostenible” o “turismo responsable”, concebidos con el fin de corregir los aspectos más lesivos de esta actividad, o que aspiran a mejorar la relación entre el turismo y la sociedad, toma relevancia la categoría “turismo inclusivo”. En este ensayo se reconstruye el uso del término “inclusión” en relación con el turismo en la conceptualización del “crecimiento inclusivo”, “desarrollo inclusivo” y “turismo inclusivo”. Estos distintos usos del concepto, así como las estrategias prácticas en términos de políticas que han inspirado, son evaluados desde una perspectiva emancipadora. Más allá de los límites y potencialidades de la idea de un turismo inclusivo se considera la oportunidad que supone preguntarse y analizar el turismo desde la tensión entre exclusión e inclusión.
VIRGO SPICIFERA: Especulaciones iconológicas sobre un mosaico del Museo Arqueológico Nacional
Authors: Moffit John F.
Published: May 2023

Durante una investigación en el Museo Arqueológico Nacional de Madrid (M.A.N.) que no tenía relación con el presente, tuve la oportunidad de fotografiar el fragmento de un misterioso mosaico que me cogió el interés.
Maquinaria efímera dieciochesca: Persistencia Barroca y reiteraciones en los monumentos funerarios granadinos
Authors: Soto Caba Victoria
Published: May 2023

Entre las manifestaciones efímeras más originales del Barroco destacan los túmulos o catafalcos, maquinas arquitectónicas de elevadas proporciones que se realizaron con motivo de las honras fúnebres de reyes, príncipes y altos dignatarios.
La construcción de la acera de la Marina (1940-1960)
Authors: Amérigo Flores Nuria
Published: May 2023

La actual remodelación de la Plaza de la Marina y el problema de su ordenación, no es tan reciente como pudiera parecer.
El soporte magnético como reproductor de películas
Authors: Coloma Martín Isidoro
Published: May 2023

Asistimos en los últimos tiempos a una difusión de la imagen fílmica como jamás pudiera haber pensado el más optimista de los productores cinematográficos de cualquier época o lugar.
La recuperación fílmica de la figura presidencial norteamericana en un contexto de crisis: Hollywood durante los mandatos de Barack Obama (2009-2014)
Authors: Sánchez-Escalonilla Antonio , Rodríguez Mateos Araceli
Published: May 2023

En medio de la crisis política, financiera e institucional que azotaba a Estados Unidos en 2008, Barack Obama fue elegido presidente, cargo que renovó cuatro años después. La campaña mediática que le llevó a la casa Blanca trazó un paralelismo entre la trayectoria del candidato demócrata y el advenimiento de Franklin D. Roosevelt a la presidencia en 1932, dadas las similitudes de contexto crítico entre dos momentos históricos marcados por la necesidad de cambio y regeneración, tanto interna como externa. El cine de Hollywood ha participado también en este giro político, recuperando la imagen presidencial tras el retrato negativo ofrecido durante la administración Bush-Cheney. Si bien Obama ha inspirado una vuelta a la visión épica de la presidencia en la gran pantalla, la nueva figura modelada incorpora también rasgos críticos procedentes de la percepción pública de sus mandatos. Palabras clave: narrativas de la crisis; política norteamericana; representación fílmica; imagen presidencial; presidente de Estados Unidos Keywords: narratives of crisis; US Politics; Filmic portrayal; Presidential image; US President
The Influence of Spirituality and Religiosity in Palliative Care
Authors: Nizamis Kleanthis , Kalliakmanis Vassilios , Koutsoupias Nikolaos , Panagiotopoulos Petros
Published: May 2023

In recent years there has been talk of “Palliative care”, an interdisciplinary approach of care, which focuses on supporting and relieving patients and their family environment in progressive and life-threatening illnesses. Its aim is to provide optimal comfort and quality of life, maintain hope and family cohesion despite the possibility of death and generally support patients and their families in the stages of pain, illness and mourning. The theological approach of palliative care, with the opening of new horizons of view of pain and illness and their management with the help of faith, are challenges for the age of human omnipotence. The factors “spirituality” and “religiosity” have begun in recent years to be taken into account in the multitude of biological, psychological and spiritual factors that affect the body’s psychosomatic response to illness and treatment. In the present study, we are trying to explore the influence of religious faith in the management of physical, psychological, and mental problems, that arise in the parents of children with cancer. The research was conducted on a sample of 133 families facing childhood cancer and the collected data were analyzed using open source software. Purpose of the study is to explore whether belief in God in the general frame of palliative care, can play a decisive role during the childhood illness, managing emotions such as anxiety and fear, and maintaining the parent’s psychological balance.
Diclofenac and dexamethasone modulate the effect of cannabidiol on the rat colon motility ex vivo
Authors: Chłopecka Magdalena , Kiraga Łukasz , Crowley Kijan , Jank Michał , Latek Urszula , Mendel Marta , Karlik Wojciech
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Due to the growing interest in the use of cannabinoids in supportive therapies, they are increasingly used together with anti-inflammatory drugs. Cannabinoids inhibit gastrointestinal motility, while steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs influence motility in other ways. The aim of the research was to study the interactions between cannabidiol (CBD) and these two classes of anti-inflammatory drugs in the context of gastrointestinal motility. Dexamethasone (DEX) was selected as a steroidal drug and diclofenac (DCF) as a nonsteroidal counterpart.

Material and Methods

The experiments were performed on isolated rat colon strips in isometric conditions. The contractile response to acetylcholine (ACh) (1 μM) was measured with no substance applied as a control value and was measured after application of CBD (80 μM), DEX (100 μM), DCF (100 μM), or a combination of these substances.

Results

Cannabidiol strongly inhibited intestinal motility mediated by ACh application, DCF inhibited it non-significantly, while DEX intensified it. When CBD was co-administered with DEX, the combination inhibited intestinal motility non-significantly relative to the ACh-only control. Co-administration of CBD with DCF inhibited motility more than when these substances were administered separately.

Conclusion

Inhibition of the intestinal response to ACh is likely due to the synergistic effect of CBD and endogenous cannabinoids. Dexamethasone lessened the inhibitory effect of CBD, likely because of diminished availability of the arachidonic acid necessary for endogenous cannabinoid synthesis. However, diclofenac may increase endogenous cannabinoid synthesis, because of the greater availability of arachidonic acid caused by DCF blocking the cyclooxygenation pathway.
НКВД в борьбе с преступностью на Дальнем Востоке (1941–1945 гг.)
Authors: Жадан А.В.
Published: May 2023

В монографии на основе широкого круга источников, значительная часть которых вводится в научный оборот впервые, анализируется исторический опыт органов внутренних дел Дальнего Востока по борьбе с преступностью в период 1941–1945 гг. В работе делается историографический обзор отечественной и зарубежной научной литературы, посвященной данной проблематике; рассматриваются криминологические условия Дальневосточного региона; исследуется организационный механизм, основные формы и методы противодействия преступности; анализируется исторический опыт противодействия бандитизму, дезертирству, хищениям государственного имущества. Предназначена для научных работников, преподавателей, адъюнктов, слушателей и курсантов образовательных организаций системы МВД России. Представляет интерес для сотрудников отечественных правоохранительных органов, читателей, интересующихся историей Дальнего Востока.
Ética y responsabilidad en la Administración Pública
Authors: Irurzun Montoro Fernando
Published: May 2023

El presente artículo analiza algunas formas a través de las que la ética tiene relevancia en la ordenación de la función pública española. Se estudian los requisitos para el acceso a la función pública atendiendo a la conducta del ciudadano. También se hace alusión a la necesidad de mejorar el papel de la ética pública en los sistemas de acceso y formación de los funcionarios públicos. La regulación en nuestro ordenamiento del código de conducta de los empleados públicos se observa desde un punto de vista crítico. Finalmente, se examinan las deficiencias existentes en la regulación de los conflictos de intereses que afectan a los empleados públicos, proponiendo algunas vías de reforma.
Importancia y posibilidades estratégicas  de la transparencia del gasto a nivel de políticas públicas
Authors: Zapico Goñi Eduardo
Published: May 2023

La transparencia del gasto público esta orientada al cumplimiento de principios presupuestarios tradicionales y a la disciplina fiscal. Esencialmente consiste en hacer accesible la información sobre el acatamiento de la normativa presupuestaria y publicar los presupuestos y cuentas del sector público. En este sentido, el interés y avances de la mayoría de los países de la OCDE y de la UE, incluida España con algunas limitaciones, son progresivos. En este trabajo se argumenta a favor de una aproximación a la transparencia del gasto de mayor alcance considerando la relevancia de la información para diferentes facetas del ciudadano (contribuyente-inversor, usuario de servicios públicos y stakeholders de políticas públicas) a distintos niveles de agregación del gasto. La transparencia tiene una gran importancia y significado como instrumento estratégico a nivel de políticas públicas o como pre-condición de evaluación, participación, colaboración y otras funciones clave para la innovación y adaptación de los programas de gasto a las preferencias de los ciudadanos. La transparencia puede ser un buen antídoto contra futuras crisis. Sin transparencia no hay presión o incentivo a la corrección de comportamientos presupuestarios indisciplinados. Pero la mera producción y difusión de información y estadísticas presupuestarias no supone necesariamente un aumento del conocimiento sobre la calidad del gasto. Es necesario que se desarrolle la capacidad tanto de crear y comunicar conocimiento sobre la eficiencia y eficacia de las políticas publicas como de construir confianza social y de mercado para que se acepte este conocimiento.
A TUTELA DOS DIREITOS DA PERSONALIDADE EM JUÍZO POR MEIO DA BLOCKCHAIN
Authors: Soares Marcelo Negri , Men Leticia Squaris Camilo , Kracheski Mariana
Published: May 2023

Atualmente, a tecnologia Blockchain tem se mostrado revolucionária em diversas áreas por todo o mundo, fornecendo transferência global de informações de forma confiável e transparente, implicando o seu necessário reconhecimento pelo ordenamento jurídico brasileiro; ainda que se evidencie a mínima popularização de seu uso no Brasil, essa nova plataforma já foi reconhecida como meio de prova pelo Tribunal de Justiça do Estado de São Paulo. Logo, este projeto tem por objetivo analisar o uso do sistema blockchain como instrumento de desenvolvimento na área jurídica, pontuando a cibersegurança nas relações de aquisições de venda no âmbito cível e nas relações de consumo, considerando-se não apenas a orbita econômica, mas também busca verificar o impacto na segurança das partes, a privacidade de dados e as questões éticas, a fim de garantir o princípio da dignidade humana, do devido processo legal e os direitos da personalidade. A pesquisa utilizou o método exploratório somado em revisão bibliográfica de obras, artigos de periódicos, legislação, doutrina e jurisprudência aplicáveis ao caso, para mostrar a necessidade de previsão da tecnologia blockchain no sistema legislativo brasileiro.
سياسة التنظيم الذاتي للصحافة وحماية حقوق الانسان دراسة في آليات تحقيق التوازن بين الحق في الخصوصية وحرية الصحافة
Authors: المحمدي أ.م.د. صدام فيصل كوكز , المشهداني م. سعود احمد ريحان
Published: May 2023

تتناول هذه الدراسة موضوعا لطالما شغل الاوساط الصحفية والاعلامية، وادلت فيه المحاكم بدلوها على وفق منهج واضح يحقق العدالة ويكفل حماية حقوق الانسان وحرياته الاساسية، ألا وهو سياسة التنظيم الذاتي للصحافة وحماية حقوق الانسان، وذلك كدراسة في اليات تحقيق التوازن بين الحق في الخصوصية وحرية الصحافة، وتحاول هذه الدراسة تقديم نموذج بارز للاخلاق الصحفية، مبتدئة بعملية تأصيل تاريخي – سياسي – وقانوني، للعلاقة الجدلية بين حق الاشخاص في حرية التعبير والرأي كحق من الحقوق التي يستفيد منها الصحفيين وتقوم عليها اساسيات المهنة الصحفية، وبين ما تقره الدساتير والقوانين الوطنية والاتفاقيات والمواثيق الدولية بحق الانسان في حماية اسراره الشخصية ضمن الحق العام في الخصوصية، ويتضح الهدف من هذه الدراسة، ألا وهو خلق رؤية عصرية للصحافة، لغاية أن تكون لهذه الرؤية مدعاة لإحياء فكرة مهمة في مجال الصحافة، ألا وهي ( التنظيم الذاتي للصحافة )، ونداءا عاليا في الدعوة الى المثالية والتفاني من أجل تنمية وترسيخ المبادئ الصحفية التي تغذي الديمقراطية واحترام حقوق الإنسان، ليس فقط في وسائل الإعلام ولكن في كل مجالات الحياة الاجتماعية.
الموقف التركي من القضية الفلسطينية بعد العام 2002
Authors: ذنون أنوار عز الدين ذنون , القصار د.طارق محمد طيب ظاهر
Published: May 2023

القضية الفلسطينية هي واحدة من أبرز القضايا العربية، حيث تُعتبر قضية مركزية للعالم العربي. تستحوذ على اهتمام كبير على المستويات الدولية والإقليمية. وقد اتخذت تركيا موقفًا ورؤى متنوعة تجاه القضية الفلسطينية منذ تأسيس الكيان الصهيوني وإعلانه دولة. تأثرت مواقف ورؤى تركيا في تطورات الصراع العربي - الصهيوني بتأثيرات داخلية وخارجية، ولكن مع تحوّل واضح نحو إسرائيل حيث تجسّد اعتراف تركيا بهذا الكيان والاتفاقيات المتنوعة التي تمت بين الأطراف طوال الفترة التي سبقت تولي حزب العدالة والتنمية الحكم.

وبعد تولي حزب العدالة والتنمية الحكم في عام 2002، بدأت تركيا مرحلة جديدة في سياستها الخارجية ومواقفها تجاه قضايا المنطقة. بدأت بذل الجهود لتلعب دور وسيط سياسي في القضية الفلسطينية. ومع ذلك، واجهت حكومة حزب العدالة والتنمية تحديات في الحفاظ على سياسة وموقف رسمي متسق فيما يتعلق بالقضية الفلسطينية وتطوراتها المستمرة.
النظام العالمي: تأملات حول طلائع الأمم ومسار التاريخ.
Authors: الموساوي عبد الحميد العيد
Published: May 2023

الفكرة المركزية للكتاب الأخير لهنري كيسنجر، النظام العالمي، هي أن العالم بحاجة ماسة إلى نظام عالمي جديد، وإلا فان الفوضى الجيوسياسية تهدد العالم، بل ربما إن الفوضى هي التي ستسود وتستقر في العالم.وبحسب رأي كيسنجر فان النظام العالمي لم يكن حقا موجود على الإطلاق، ولكن ما هو الأقرب إلى النظام كان (معاهدة ويستفاليا)، التي شملت حوالي عشرين دولة من أوروبا الغربية منذ حوالي أربعة قرون .
Perceived Socio-economic Contribution of Immigrants by South Africans in Durban, South Africa
Authors: Madzamba Rowan , Naidoo Kantharuben
Published: May 2023

The paper explored perceptions of the Durban community towards immigrants’ contribution to the economy. Using purposive and snowball sampling, the study applied a cross-sectional research design in which it made use of the qualitative methodology. A sample of 20 South Africans who had been working with Zimbabweans in the Durban CBD for a minimum of five years, aged between 20–60 years, were considered for this study. The study made use of in-depth interviews as a research technique. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data and form categories of responses. Mixed feelings were shown towards immigrants’ contribution to the development of Durban, as all participants reported that immigrants in Durban are too many and there is no need for the government to allow more immigrants to come. Competition for jobs and service delivery are the main sources of conflict between immigrants and locals. The findings of this study show that immigrants are not the main contributors to crime in Durban, but they are involved in some criminal activities. As such, locals perceive the immigration laws of South Africa as not fully helping in controlling the influx of immigrants. This study recommends government, society leaders and politicians to value diversity, thus influencing community members to accept and work with immigrants peacefully. In addition, this study also recommends the need for the Department of Home Affairs to control the influx of undocumented immigrants, thereby reducing the number of immigrants on the streets.
Role of adatom defects in the adsorption of polyaromatic hydrocarbons on metallic substrates
Authors: Dissanayake Dushanthi , Hassan Yarra , Tuca Emilian , Paci Irina
Published: May 2023

The adsorption of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on metallic substrates is of interest in the field of optoelectronics, due to the possibility of designing complex materials with tunable properties through surface functionalization with organic molecules. Much of the modelling research in this field has focused on perfectly symmetrical (pristine) substrates. There is limited information on the effect of substrate irregularities, such as adatoms, on the binding of PAHs onto substrates. Here, we examine how the presence of substrate-bound adatoms affects the binding of coronene and hexahelicene monomers and dimers on Au(111) and Cu(111) substrates, using a density functional theory approach. We found that helicene monomers were more effectively able to adapt to the presence of the adatoms than coronene, by coiling around the adatoms. Whereas upon adsorption on a pristine (111) surface, coronene can establish significantly stronger dispersive interactions than helicenes, adatom defects reverse the trend. For helicenes, the extent of flattening near the surface and molecular coiling are strongly influenced by the size of the defect, as a result of the interplay between the molecule’s drive to maximize overlap with the underlying surface and the enhanced reactivity of the low-coordinated adatoms.
MetaGTM: VISUALIZATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE CHEMICAL LIBRARY SPACE
Authors: Pikalyova Regina , Zabolotna Yuliana , Horvath Dragos , Marcou Gilles , Varnek Alexandre
Published: May 2023

In chemical library analysis, it may be useful to describe libraries as individual items, rather than as collections of compounds. This is particularly true for ultra-large non-cherry pickable compound mixtures, such as DNA-Encoded Libraries (DELs). In this sense, the Chemical Library Space (CLS) is useful for the management of a portfolio of libraries, just like Chemical Space (CS) helps managing a portfolio of molecules. Several possible CLSs were previously defined using vectorial library representations obtained from Generative Topographic Mapping (GTM). Given the steadily growing number of DEL designs, the CLS becomes “crowded”, and requires analysis tools beyond pairwise library comparison. Therefore, herein we investigate the cartography of CLS on meta-(µ)GTMs – “meta” to remind that these are maps of the CLS, itself based on responsibility vectors issued by regular CS GTMs. 2,5K DELs and ChEMBL (reference) were projected on the µGTM, producing landscapes of library-specific properties. These describe both inter-library similarity and intrinsic library characteristics in the same view, herewith facilitating the selection of the best project-specific libraries.
Double-layer distribution of hydronium and hydroxide ions in the air-water interface
Authors: Zhang Pengchao , Feng Muye , Xu Xuefei
Published: May 2023

The acid-base nature of the aqueous interface has long been controversial. Most macroscopic experiments suggest that the air-water interface is basic based on the detection of negative charges at the interface that indicates the enrichment of hydroxides (OH–), whereas microscopic studies mostly support the acidic air-water interface with the observation of the hydronium (H3O+) accumulation in the top layer of the interface. It is crucial to clarify the interfacial preference of OH– and H3O+ ions for rationalizing the debate. In this work, we perform deep potential molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the preferential distribution of OH– and H3O+ ions at aqueous interfaces. The neural network potential energy surface is trained based on density functional theory calculations with the SCAN functional, which can accurately describe the diffusion of these two ions both in the interface and in the bulk water. In contrast to the previously reported single ion enrichment, we show that both OH– and H3O+ surprisingly prefer to accumulate in interfaces, but at different interfacial depths, rendering a double-layer ionic distribution within ~1 nm below the Gibbs dividing surface. The H3O+ is preferentially adsorbed in the topmost layer of the interface, but the OH–, which is enriched in the deeper interfacial layer, has a higher equilibrium concentration due to the more negative free energy of interfacial stabilization (–0.90 (OH–) vs. –0.56 (H3O+) kcal/mol). The air-water interface is therefore negatively charged, in agreement with the macroscopic charge detection and not in contradiction with the microscopic studies. The present finding of the ionic double-layer distribution qualitatively offers a self-consistent explanation for the long-term controversy about the acid-base nature of the air-water interface.
Bidirectional Elongation Strategy Using Ambiphilic Radical Linchpin for Modular Access to 1,4-Dicarbonyls via Sequential Photocatalysis
Authors: Matsumoto Akira , Maeda Natsumi , Maruoka Keiji
Published: May 2023

Organic molecules that can be connected with multiple substrates by sequential C−C bond formations can be utilized as linchpins in multicomponent processes. While they are useful for rapidly increasing molecular complexity, most of the reported linchpin coupling methods rely on the use of organometallic species as strong carbon nucleophiles to form C−C bonds, which narrows the functional group compatibility. Here, we describe a metal-free, radical-mediated coupling approach using a formyl-stabilized phosphonium ylide as a multifunctional linchpin under visible-light photoredox conditions. The present method uses the ambiphilic character of the phosphonium ylide, which serves both as a nucleophilic and an electrophilic carbon-centered radical source. The stepwise and controllable generation of these radical intermediates allows sequential photocatalysis involving two mechanistically distinct radical additions, both of which are initiated by the same photocatalyst in one pot with a high functional-group tolerance. The methodology enables a bidirectional assembly of the linchpin with two electronically differentiated alkene fragments and thus offers a rapid and modular access to 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds as versatile synthetic intermediates.
The Role of Xantphos in forming an Elusive dirhodium-η1-allyl Intermediate in a Rh(II)-Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation: A Combined Computational and Experimental Study
Authors: Goswami Anubhav , Gogoi Romin , Panda Arpita , Sheth Aakash Chandresh , Jindal Garima
Published: May 2023

The use of dirhodium tetracarboxylate catalysts in multicomponent reactions involving allylic alkylation has been a formidable challenge to synthetic chemists. A unique strategy by means of catalyst structure modification in the presence of an external ligand, Xantphos, has recently enabled their efficient use in one-pot reactions involving carbene insertion into X–H bonds followed by allylic alkylation. However, the origin of the novel reactivity and the mechanism of such reactions remains unclear. Herein, we report a combined computational and experimental mechanistic study to shed light on the ligand enabled catalyst structure modification and its implication in catalysis. This unique reactivity is enabled by the dissociation of an octanoate bridge driven by κ2-Xantphos ligation to the dirhodium core of the catalyst. This, in turn, allows for the hitherto unknown oxidative addition with a Rh(II) catalyst resulting in a dirhodium-η1-allyl species. For the first time, we confirm the presence of such a species in solution through in situ NMR and cyclic voltammetry experiments in line with DFT calculations. Alongside, we study the role of the base and solvent in generating the nucleophilic partner that can trap the electrophilic allylic species. This study is expected to guide future catalyst design, including chiral variants for exploring newer modes of reactivity and selectivity using dirhodium catalysis.