bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exact controllability of nodal profile for 1‐D first order quasilinear hyperbolic systems with internal controls
Authors: Zhuang Kaili
Published: June 2017

For 1‐D first order quasilinear hyperbolic systems without zero eigenvalues, based on the theory of exact boundary controllability of nodal profile, using an extension method, the exact controllability of nodal profile can be realized in a shorter time by means of additional internal controls acting on suitably small space‐time domains. On the other hand, using a perturbation method, the exact controllability of nodal profile for 1‐D first order quasilinear hyperbolic systems with zero eigenvalues can be realized by additional internal controls to the part of equations corresponding to zero eigenvalues. Furthermore, by adding suitable internal controls to all the equations on suitable domains, the exact controllability of nodal profile for systems with zero eigenvalues can be realized in a shorter time.
Stepanov‐like doubly weighted pseudo almost automorphic processes and its application to Sobolev‐type stochastic differential equations driven by G‐Brownian motion
Authors: Yang Qigui , Zhu Ping
Published: June 2017

This paper investigates the properties of the p‐mean Stepanov‐like doubly weighted pseudo almost automorphic (SpDWPAA) processes and its application to Sobolev‐type stochastic differential equations driven by G‐Brownian motion. We firstly prove the equivalent relation between the SpDWPAA and Stepanov‐like asymptotically almost automorphic stochastic processes based on ergodic zero set. We further establish the completeness of the space and the composition theorem for SpDWPAA processes. These results obtained improve and extend previous related conclusions. As an application, we show the existence and uniqueness of the Sp DWPAA solution for a class of nonlinear Sobolev‐type stochastic differential equations driven by G‐Brownian motion and present a decomposition of this unique solution. Moreover, an example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of our results.
CyberKnife with integrated CT‐on‐rails: System description and first clinical application for pancreas SBRT
Authors: Papalazarou Chrysi , Klop Gijsbert J. , Milder Maaike T.W. , Marijnissen Johannes P.A. , Gupta Vikas , Heijmen Ben J.M. , Nuyttens Joost J.M.E. , Hoogeman Mischa S.
Published: June 2017

Purpose

This article reports on the integration of a sliding‐gantry CT‐on‐rails with a robotic linear accelerator.

Methods

The system consists of a SOMATOM Definition AS CT scanner (Siemens Healthcare, Forchheim, Germany) and a CyberKnife M6 FIM (Accuray, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA). Additional movement programs were implemented in the robotic treatment table (RoboCouch, Accuray Inc.) to move between CT and treatment position. Acceptance testing was performed on the CT scanner according to AAPM83 guidelines, as well as safety tests for collision avoidance and electromagnetic (EM) compatibility. For the first clinical application of the system, daily dose was evaluated in five pancreas SBRT patients. A second envisioned use is the optimal alignment of the treatment beams to soft‐tissue targets without the use of implanted fiducials. To this end, an offset vector feature has been implemented, which shifts the treatment center according to the daily position of the tumor relative to the spine (established by a CT scan). This offset can be applied by either moving the treatment couch (physical couch shift) or by moving the CyberKnife robot (virtual couch shift). An End‐to‐End (E2E) test was specifically designed to evaluate the accuracy of this feature using the Xsight Lung Tracking Phantom (Computerized Imaging Reference Systems, Inc., Norfolk, VA, USA). The position of the tumor with respect to the spine was varied by moving the insert inside the phantom and a CT scan was made for each position. The treatment plan was subsequently delivered to the phantom employing spine tracking. The test was repeated four times for a physical couch shift and four times for a virtual couch shift.

Results

All acceptance, safety and EM compatibility testing was successful. For the first pancreas SBRT patients treated using daily CT imaging, the volume of stomach, duodenum, or small bowel receiving >35 Gy was found to increase or remain constant during treatment; however, the clinical constraint of 5 cc was not violated. For the offset vector E2E test, the reference accuracy (without any tumor shift) was (0.74, −0.61, −0.33) mm in the inferior, left, and anterior direction respectively. The difference in deviation with respect to the reference was (−0.1 ± 0.15, 0.01 ± 0.16, −0.17 ± 0.25) mm, when applying a physical couch shift. With a virtual couch shift, the deviations were (0.02 ± 0.15, 0.06 ± 0.23, −0.4 ± 0.31) mm.

Conclusions

The first combination of a CyberKnife treatment unit with a sliding‐gantry CT scanner is operational in our department enabling future developments toward image‐guided online‐adaptive SBRT supported by diagnostic‐quality CT imaging.
Effect of myelin water exchange on DTI‐derived parameters in diffusion MRI: Elucidation of TE dependence
Authors: Lin Mu , He Hongjian , Tong Qiqi , Ding Qiuping , Yan Xu , Feiweier Thorsten , Zhong Jianhui
Published: June 2017

Purpose

Water exchange exists between different neuronal compartments of brain tissue but is often ignored in most diffusion models. The goal of the current study was to demonstrate the dependence of diffusion measurements on echo time (TE) in the human brain and to investigate the underlying effects of myelin water exchange.

Methods

Five healthy subjects were examined with single‐shot pulsed‐gradient spin‐echo echo‐planar imaging with fixed duration (δ) and separation (Δ) of diffusion gradient pulses and a set of varying TEs. The effects of water exchange and intrinsic T2 difference in cellular environments were investigated with Monte Carlo simulations.

Results

Both in vivo measurements and simulations showed that fractional anisotropy (FA) and axial diffusivity (AD) had positive correlations with TE, while radial diffusivity (RD) showed a negative correlation, which is consistent with a previous study. The simulation results further indicated the sensitivity of TE dependence to the change of g‐ratio.

Conclusion

The exchange between myelin and intra/extra‐axonal water pools often plays a non‐negligible role in the observed TE dependence of diffusion parameters, which may accompany or alter the effect of intrinsic T2 in causing such dependence. The TE dependence may potentially serve as a biomarker for demyelination processes (e.g., in multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease). Magn Reson Med 79:1650–1660, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Investigating the importance of self‐acceptance and self‐efficacy on weight management in a developing country
Authors: Arli Denni , Sutanto Nadia
Published: June 2017

The growing rates of obesity in both developed and developing countries are alarming. Most studies on obesity mainly focus on individuals in developed countries with ready access to food. Limited studies explore obesity in developing countries with limited access to healthier foods. In addition, studies show self‐acceptance and self‐efficacy are essential to healthier well‐being. The purpose of this study is (a) to explore the impact of self‐acceptance on individuals' self‐efficacy to weight management and (b) to investigate the impact of self‐efficacy on individuals' attitude and intention in regard to weight managements. Using data from Indonesia (N = 499), the respondents are divided based on their body mass index. The results show that self‐acceptance significantly influenced individuals' self‐efficacy, especially for individuals who are obese. Furthermore, self‐efficacy did not influence individual attitude toward weight management. Finally, attitude toward weight management only influenced people who are obese and not individuals who are overweight. The results of this study will have significant implications to government, social marketers, and not‐for‐profit organizations in fighting the epidemic in developing countries.
Morphology, rheology property, and crystallization behavior of PLLA/OMMT nanocomposites prepared by an innovative eccentric rotor extruder
Authors: Wu Ting , Tong Yuru , Qiu Feng , Yuan Ding , Zhang Guizhen , Qu Jinping
Published: June 2017

An innovative eccentric rotor extruder, which can generate continuous elongation flow, was used to fabricate the poly(L‐lactide) (PLLA)/organo‐modified montmorillonite (OMMT) nanocomposites in different OMMT concentrations. The morphology of the nanocomposites was characterized by thermal gravimetric analyzer, X‐ray diffractometer, and transmission electron microscope. The results showed that the OMMT nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed in the PLLA matrix and mainly existed in intercalation mode. The intercalation and exfoliation process of OMMT in the eccentric rotor extruder may be a double‐side exfoliation, which is more effective than the layer‐by‐layer peeling mechanism based on the shear flow. The influence of OMMT on the rheological behavior of PLLA was investigated by dynamic rheological measurements, showing greater improvement of rheological properties for the nanocomposites. The thermo‐mechanical properties analysis indicated that significant enhancement of E′ can be seen for all the nanocomposites. Presence of intercalated OMMT platelets did not lead to a significant shift of the E″ and tan δ curves compared with that of pure PLLA. The crystallization and melting behavior was studied by differential scanning calorimetry, which indicated that the incorporation of OMMT nanoparticles slightly increased the crystallinity of PLLA matrix. The polarizing microscope was further carried out and showed that the dispersed OMMT nanoparticles acted as a heterogeneous nucleating agent to promote the crystallization of PLLA.
Characterization and evaluation of commercial poly (vinylidene fluoride)‐g‐sulfonatedPolystyrene as proton exchange membrane
Authors: Abdel‐Hady E.E. , Abdel‐Hamed M.O. , Awad S. , Hmamm M.F.M.
Published: June 2017

The possibility of developing low‐cost commercial grafted and sulfonated Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF‐g‐PSSA) membranes as proton exchange membranes for fuel cell applications have been investigated. PVDF‐g‐PSSA membranes were systematically prepared and examined with the focus of understanding how the polymer microstructure (degree of grafting and sulfonation, ion‐exchange capacity, etc) affects their methanol permeability, water uptake, and proton conductivity. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to characterize the changes of the membrane's microstructure after grafting and sulfonation. The results showed that the PVDF‐g‐PSSA membranes exhibited good thermal stability and lower methanol permeability. The proton conductivity of PVDF‐g‐PSSA membranes was also measured by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy method. It was found that the proton conductivity of PVDF‐g‐PSSA membranes depends on the degree of sulfonation. All the sulfonated membranes show high proton conductivity at 92°C, in the range of 27 to 235 mScm−1, which is much higher than that of Nafion212 (102 mScm−1 at 80°C). The results indicated that the PVDF‐g‐PSSA membranes are particularly promising membranes to be used as polymer electrolyte membranes due to their excellent stability, low methanol permeability, and high proton conductivity.
Numerical and experimental investigation of plastic injection molding of micro‐engineered surfaces
Authors: La Moonwoo , Lee Jea Gu , Park Sung Jea
Published: June 2017

We carried out experimental and numerical investigations into the effects of injection‐molding parameters on the transcription quality and uniformity of micro‐pillar arrays. For the experiment, we used a precise metallic mold insert, which was shaped like an inverted micro‐pillar array. This was fabricated using UV‐photolithography and a nickel electroforming process. With the mold insert, the effects of the distance from gate and uniformity on the transcription quality could be investigated experimentally by varying the main processing parameters, such as flow rate, polymer melt temperature, and mold wall temperature. The results of the injection molding experiment indicated that increasing the three processing parameters improved the transcription quality of micro‐pillar arrays. In numerical investigation, we used the interpolated domain decomposition method. This was based on 2.5D and 3D simulations, and was used to effectively solve the filling behavior of the polymer melt inside the mold which contains multi‐scale cavities. Numerical results revealed that the transcription quality was significantly affected by the mold wall temperature. Based on the experimental and numerical investigations, the local mold heating (LMH) technique for the high mold wall temperature was employed to enhance the replicability of the micro‐pillar array. The result of injection molding with LMH showed that the transcription quality and uniformity were considerably improved. These numerical and experimental results provide insights into the foundations of the field of injection molding of plastic micro‐engineered surfaces. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:E73–E81, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
Kinetics and thermochemistry of the unusual [2π + 2σ + 2σ]‐cycloaddition of quadricyclane with some dienophiles
Authors: Kiselev Vladimir D. , Kornilov Dmitry A. , Anikin Oleg V. , Sedov Igor A. , Konovalov Alexander I.
Published: June 2017

Kinetic parameters of the unusual [2π + 2σ + 2σ]‐cycloaddition reactions of quadricyclane (1) with tetracyanoethylene (2), 4‐phenyl‐1,2,4‐triazoline‐3,5‐dione (3), N‐phenylmaleimide (4), and diethyl azodicarboxylate (5) are determined experimentally. Additionally, the enthalpies of 1 + 2 reaction in 1,4‐dioxane solution (−236.6 ± 1.0 kJ mol−1) and 1 + 3 reaction in toluene (−255.0 ± 2.8 kJ mol−1) are determined calorimetrically and shown to be the largest in absolute magnitude among all known cycloaddition reactions involving these dienophiles. Solvent effect on the rate of 1 + 3 reaction in 11 solvents is studied and found to be moderate and similar to that of the conventional Diels‐Alder and ene reactions. The difference in the reaction rate constants of 1 with different dienophiles can be up to 9 orders of magnitude and is mainly caused by the difference in activation enthalpies. This difference is not correlated with the standard enthalpies of reactions and is likely the result of high sensitivity of the [2π + 2σ + 2σ] reaction rates to the energy of donor‐acceptor interactions between the reactants.
Preventive Effects of Ginseng Total Saponins on Chronic Corticosterone‐Induced Impairment in Astrocyte Structural Plasticity and Hippocampal Atrophy
Authors: Chen Lin , Wang Xin , Lin Zi‐Xuan , Dai Jian‐Guo , Huang Yu‐Fang , Zhao Yu‐Nan
Published: June 2017

To further explore the underlying antidepressant mechanism of ginseng total saponins (GTS), this study observed the effects on hippocampal astrocyte structural plasticity and hippocampal volume in the corticosterone‐induced mouse depression model. Corticosterone (20 mg/kg/day) was administered subcutaneously for 5 weeks, and GTS (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg/day; namely GTSL, GTSM, and GTSH) or fluoxetine (10 mg/kg/day) were given intragastrically during the last 3 weeks. On day 33 and day 34, depression‐like behavior was observed via a forced swimming test and a tail suspension test, respectively. At 6 h after the last dose of corticosterone (day 35), all mice were sacrificed followed by serum corticosterone assays, stereological analysis of hippocampal glial fibrillary acidic protein‐positive (GFAP+) astroctyes and hippocampal volume, and hippocampal glycogen tests. Results showed that all doses of GTS ameliorated depression‐like behavior and the decrease in hippocampal glycogen without normalizing hypercortisolism. Moreover, GTSH and GTSM reversed the corticosterone‐induced reduction in the total number of hippocampal GFAP+ astrocytes and hippocampal volume. Additionally, GTSH alleviated the diminished protrusion length and somal volume of GFAP+ astrocytes induced by corticosterone. These findings imply that the effects of GTS on corticosterone‐induced depression‐like behavior may be mediated partly through the protection to hippocampal astrocyte structural plasticity. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microwave Synthesis of Coumarinyl Substituted Pyridine Derivatives as Potent Anticancer Agents and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Chougala Bahubali M. , S Samundeeswari , Holiyachi Megharaja , Naik Nirmala S. , Shastri Lokesh A. , Dodamani Suneel , Jalalpure Sunil , Dixit Sheshagiri R , Joshi Shrinivas D. , Sunagar Vinay A
Published: June 2017

Catalyst free new bioactive 2‐amino‐4‐(2‐oxo‐2H‐chromen‐4‐yl)‐6‐arylpyridine‐3‐carbonitrile molecular entities (2 a‐2 o) have been synthesized from 4‐formylcoumarins with malononitrile, different ketones and ammonium acetate via one‐pot four component coupling reaction under neat microwave method. Detailed characterization of all the compounds and anticancer properties for the synthesized compounds are reported. Compounds 2 f and 2 k exhibited promising anticancer activity at low concentration (10−5 M) against NCI‐60 cell lines. Further, IC50 values were calculated for most potent compounds against three cancer cell lines such as HT‐29, Hep‐G2 and KB. Among the eight compounds, 2 f and 2 k are exhibited most promising activity, the potent anticancer molecules 2 f and 2 k were screened for their CT‐DNA cleavage and fluorescence quenching study with transport protein BSA. Molecular docking study has been performed for the synthesized compounds with binding site of the tubulin using podophyllotoxin‐tubulin stathmin‐like domain complex (PDB 1SA1) and results obtained are quite good.
Citrate Stabilized Hierarchical SPIO Nanostructures: Synthesis and Application Towards Effective Removal of Toxin, Microcystin‐LR from Water
Authors: Narasimha Gundeboina , Mahesh Adimoolam Ganga , Manorama Sunkara V.
Published: June 2017

Hierarchical hollow nanostructures because of their unique structural, physical and chemical properties make them potentially attractive in various fields like catalysis, delivery vehicles, sensors, photonic devices, optics and as adsorbents. The present study deals with a simple method for the synthesis of citrate stabilized hierarchical hollow superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanospheres (SPION's) for the facile removal of Microcystin‐LR (MC–LR), a cyanobacteria produced toxin from water. The morphological and structural evaluation confirms the formation of magnetite Fe3O4 hollow nanospheres of size around 300 nm by the assembly of 10 nm sized nanoparticles. The magnetic studies showed that the as prepared spheres were superparamagnetic at room temperature, with saturation magnetization around 50–60 emu/g and negligible remanence and coercivity. The amount of MC–LR adsorbed on the SPION's was estimated by HPLC and higher adsorption was observed in hollow Fe3O4 spheres. The superparamagnetic nature of hollow Fe3O4 makes the extraction of MC–LR from water convenient improving the efficiency of water treatment, making it reusable and cost effective.
Pyridopyrimidinone Derivatives as DNAG‐Quadruplex‐Stabilizing Agents: Design, Synthesis and Biophysical Studies
Authors: Malhotra Rajesh , Rarhi Chhanda , Diveshkumar K. V. , Bommisetti P. , Pany Sushree Prangya P. , Roy Subho , Pradeepkumar P. I. , Kundu Mrinalkanti
Published: June 2017

DNA can fold into non‐canonical structures such as G‐quadruplexes (G4 s) in addition to adopting the double helical structure. Considering the relationship between stabilization of G4 structure and anticancer effects, development of G4 interactive compounds has been of significant interest. Past years have witnessed the discovery of scaffolds targeting G4 structures based on planar, multi‐aromatic ring compounds. With an aim to engineer drug‐like properties, we designed and synthesized pyridopyrimidinone based selective G4 DNA stabilizing agents 1–3, and further they were evaluated for G4 DNA recognition properties. CD melting studies revealed the preferential stabilization of parallel topology of promoter c‐MYC and c‐KIT G4 DNAs by the ligands, especially 2 and 3, over the different topologies of telomeric G4 DNA. UV melting experiments suggested that no significant stabilization was observed for duplex DNA. Further, the results from ITC experiments substantiated the preferential stabilization of parallel topology of c‐MYC G4 DNA over telomeric and duplex DNA by the ligands 2. These data showed that ligand 2 has moderate binding affinity to the c‐MYC G4 DNA and is ∼49‐fold and ∼25‐fold selective over the telomeric G4 DNA and the duplex DNA respectively. The molecular modeling and dynamics studies of the ligand 2 in complex with c‐MYC and c‐KIT1 G4 DNAs showed that this ligand stacks on the 5′‐quartet of c‐MYC and 3′‐quartet of c‐KIT1 G4 DNA structures.
Nanofence Stabilized Platinum Nanoparticles Catalyst via Facet‐Selective Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Cao Kun , Shi Lu , Gong Miao , Cai Jiaming , Liu Xiao , Chu Shengqi , Lang Yun , Shan Bin , Chen Rong
Published: June 2017

A facet‐selective atomic layer deposition method is developed to fabricate oxide nanofence structure to stabilize Pt nanoparticles. CeOx is selectively deposited on Pt nanoparticles' (111) facets and naturally exposes Pt (100) facets. The facet selectivity is realized through different binding energies of Ce precursor fragments chemisorbed on Pt (111) and Pt (100), which is supported by in situ mass gain experiment and corroborated by density functional theory simulations. Such nanofence structure not only has exposed Pt active facets for carbon monoxide oxidation but also forms ceria–metal interfaces that are beneficial for activity enhancement. The composite catalysts show excellent sintering resistance up to 700 °C calcination. CeOx anchors Pt nanoparticles with a strong metal oxide interaction, and nanofence structure around Pt nanoparticles provides physical blocking that suppresses particles migration. The study reveals that forming oxide nanofence structure to encapsulate precious metal nanoparticles is an effective way to simultaneously enhance catalytic activity and thermal stability.
Soft but Powerful Artificial Muscles Based on 3D Graphene–CNT–Ni Heteronanostructures
Authors: Kim Jaehwan , Bae Seok‐Hu , Kotal Moumita , Stalbaum Tyler , Kim Kwang J. , Oh Il‐Kwon
Published: June 2017

Bioinspired soft ionic actuators, which exhibit large strain and high durability under low input voltages, are regarded as prospective candidates for future soft electronics. However, due to the intrinsic drawback of weak blocking force, the feasible applications of soft ionic actuators are limited until now. An electroactive artificial muscle electro‐chemomechanically reinforced with 3D graphene–carbon nanotube–nickel heteronanostructures (G–CNT–Ni) to improve blocking force and bending deformation of the ionic actuators is demonstrated. The G–CNT–Ni heteronanostructure, which provides an electrically conductive 3D network and sufficient contact area with mobile ions in the polymer electrolyte, is embedded as a nanofiller in both ionic polymer and conductive electrodes of the ionic actuators. An ionic exchangeable composite membrane consisting of Nafion, G–CNT–Ni and ionic liquid (IL) shows improved tensile modulus and strength of up to 166% and 98%, respectively, and increased ionic conductivity of 0.254 S m−1. The ionic actuator exhibits enhanced actuation performances including three times larger bending deformation, 2.37 times higher blocking force, and 4 h durability. The electroactive artificial muscle electro‐chemomechanically reinforced with 3D G–CNT–Ni heteronanostructures offers improvements over current soft ionic actuator technologies and can advance the practical engineering applications.
Inhibition of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Synthesis Decreases Growth Rate and Membrane Fluidity of Rhodosporidium kratochvilovae at Low Temperature
Authors: Wang Jun , Chen Wei , Nian Hongjuan , Ji Xiuling , Lin Lianbing , Wei Yunlin , Zhang Qi
Published: June 2017

The intention of this study was to investigate the role of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the cold adaptation of Rhodosporidium kratochvilovae YM25235 by knockout of the Δ12/Δ15‐fatty acid desaturase gene (RKD12) to inactivate Δ12/Δ15‐fatty acid desaturase. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification was used to detect the genomic structure of RKD12 gene in YM25235. The RKD12 gene was knocked out by DNA homologous recombination to inhibit the biosynthesis of PUFA. Then, the contents of linoleic acid (LNA) and α‐linolenic acid (ALA) after gene knockout were investigated using a gas chromatography‐mass spectrometer, followed by determination of the growth rate and membrane fluidity of YM25235 at low temperature. After PCR amplification, a 1611 bp genomic fragment was amplified from YM25235. When the RKD12 gene was knocked out, the contents of LNA and ALA in YM25235 significantly decreased. The growth rate and membrane fluidity of YM25235 decreased significantly at low temperature. Inhibition of PUFA biosynthesis by RKD12 gene knockout influenced cold adaptation of YM25235 by decreasing the PUFA content in cell membranes and reducing the growth rate and membrane fluidity of YM25235 at low temperature.
University autonomy in Ukraine: Higher education corruption and the state
Authors: Osipian Ararat L.
Published: June 2017

Issues of university autonomy, self-governance, and centralization and decentralization are still at the forefront of higher education in Ukraine. This study of university governance suggests that the state is a major foe of university autonomy, though certainly not the only one. The system of centralized university governance is experiencing changes in its content, function, mechanisms, and approaches, while maintaining its unity and highly centralized structure. Thus, it is difficult to adapt and respond to free market forces and challenges brought to the fore by the Euromaidan political turmoil and the war that followed. Such phenomena as corruption in education and internal pressures, marketization of educational services and financial integrity, changing organizational and managerial structures of universities present challenges to university governance and force it to change. They may also facilitate strengthening of university autonomy. However, as long as the disease of corruption exists, all attempts to reform higher education are unlikely to be successful.
Structure, use, and syntactic ecology in language obsolescence
Authors: Adger David
Published: June 2017

Nancy Dorian's foundational work on the loss of Gaelic in the East Sutherland communities continues to provide important insights into the nature of the process of language change in situations of obsolescence. In this article I look at a subset of Dorian's data from the perspective of current syntactic theory, and argue that the connected loss of such apparently different constructions as objects of non-finite verbs, inalienable possessive structures, and a range of passives, and the concomitant restructuring of the grammar, all follow from the interaction between a reduction in agreement features on a functional head and the broad syntactic ecology of the language. This approach makes sense of why these apparently disparate constructions all undergo the particular kinds of change that are seen, changes which are mysterious from the perspective that an obsolescing language should alter to become more like the dominant language (in this case English) which is replacing it.
HOPE FOR INTELLECTUAL HUMILITY
Authors: Cobb Aaron D.
Published: June 2017

Robert Roberts and W. Jay Wood (2007) define intellectual humility as a dispositional absence of concern for self-importance. And they contrast this virtue with distinct species of vicious pride. The aim of this project is to extend their regulative epistemology by considering how epistemic agents can cultivate a dispositional detachment from the concerns characteristic of the prideful vices of hyper-autonomy and presumption. I contend that virtuous communities help to foster intellectual humility through their role in cultivating the virtue of hope. Thus, regulative epistemology ought to focus greater attention on the role of communities in the development of intellectual virtue.
Non-stationary smooth geometric structures for contracting measurable cocycles
Authors: MELNICK KARIN
Published: June 2017

We implement a differential-geometric approach to normal forms for contracting measurable cocycles to $\operatorname{Diff}^{q}(\mathbb{R}^{n},\mathbf{0})$, $q\geq 2$. We obtain resonance polynomial normal forms for the contracting cocycle and its centralizer, via $C^{q}$ changes of coordinates. These are interpreted as non-stationary invariant differential-geometric structures. We also consider the case of contracted foliations in a manifold, and obtain $C^{q}$ homogeneous structures on leaves for an action of the group of subresonance polynomial diffeomorphisms together with translations.
The New Zealand (School Curriculum) ‘History Wars’: The New Zealand Land Wars Petition and the Status of Māori Histories in New Zealand Schools (1877–2016)
Authors: Manning Richard
Published: June 2017

This article draws upon historical evidence and theoretical insights to critique the New Zealand government's negative response to a popular petition developed by students of Otorohanga College. The petition called for the New Zealand Land Wars to become a ‘prescribed course of study’ (topic) in New Zealand schools. This article consequently reviews the status of Māori histories in New Zealand schools from 1877 to 2016. This review is followed by a critique of the New Zealand government's response to the petition. This will be of interest to an Australian audience grappling with issues relating to the teaching of Indigenous peoples’ histories in schools.
The Wilful Character of Indigenous Educational Research
Authors: Bright David , Mackinlay Elizabeth
Published: June 2017

In her recent work, Sara Ahmed explores wilfulness as a negative charge made by some against others, thinking about the relationship between ill will and good will, the particular and the general, and the embeddedness of will in a political and cultural landscape. In Ahmed's reading, wilfulness is a characteristic often ascribed to those who do ‘not will the reproduction of the whole’ (2011, p. 246) — those who are deemed wayward, wandering, and/or deviant. Using Ahmed's discussions, in this paper, we report on the successes and failures of a research project exploring mentoring programs in enhancing the recruitment and retention of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander preservice teachers. We think about the tensions always present between two faces of such a project: the need to reproduce modes of compliance to the expectations of a Western academic institutional regime; and the wilful pursuit of the kinds of wayward resistance and critique that may be potentially undermining and self-sabotaging as well as wholly necessary as attempts at decoloniality. We report on both the successes of the program and the continuing failure to address issues of colonialism. In doing so, we position Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander research as a performative doubleness which needs wilfulness in order to ‘stand up, to stand against the world’ (Ahmed, 2011, p. 250) of colonial reproduction in neo-liberal times.
Radiocarbon Chronology of Complexes With Seima-Turbino Type Objects (Bronze Age) in Southwestern Siberia
Authors: Marchenko Z V , Svyatko S V , Molodin V I , Grishin A E , Rykun M P
Published: June 2017

This paper discusses the chronology of burial grounds containing specific Seima-Turbino type bronze weaponry (spears, knives, and celts). The “transcultural” Seima-Turbino phenomenon relates to a wide distribution of specific objects found within the sites of different Bronze Age cultures in Eurasia, not immediately related to each other. The majority of the Seima-Turbino objects represent occasional findings, and they are rarely recovered from burial grounds. Here, we present a new set of14C dates from cemeteries in western Siberia, including the key Asian site Rostovka, with the largest number of graves containing Seima-Turbino objects. Currently, the presented database is the most extensive for the Seima-Turbino complexes. The resulting radiocarbon (14C) chronology for the western Siberian sites (22nd–20th centuries cal BC) is older than the existing chronology based on typological analysis (16th–15th centuries BC) and some earlier14C dates for the Seima-Turbino sites in eastern Europe. Another important aspect of this work is14C dating of complexes within specific bronze objects—daggers with figured handles—which some researchers have related to the Seima-Turbino type objects. These items are mostly represented by occasional finds in Central Asia, however, in western Siberia these have been recovered from burials, too. The14C dating attributes these daggers to the end of the 3rd millennium cal BC, suggesting their similar timing to the Seima-Turbino objects. Further research into freshwater reservoir offsets in the region is essential for a more reliable reconstruction of the chronology of the Seima-Turbino phenomenon and the daggers with figured handles.
La lente intégration du queer au féminisme québécois francophone: douze ans de résistance et le rôle de passeur des Panthères roses
Authors: Pagé Geneviève
Published: June 2017

Le voyage et l'appropriation des théories queer dans les milieux féministes francophones du Québec ont été particulièrement longs et ardus, appelant un questionnement non seulement sur les raisons de ce retard, mais aussi sur les dimensions qui ont permis, ultimement, l'intégration des théories queer chez les féministes francophones. Combinant des outils analytiques en provenance de la littérature sur la diffusion des mouvements sociaux (passeurs oubrokers, cadres interprétatifs, répertoires d'action collective, etc.) et une approche en idées politiques, nous analysons l'insertion des théories queer chez les féministes en deux temps. Dans un premier temps, les intellectuelles féministes critiquent de manière assez généralisée les théories queer, critiques regroupées en 3 axes : 1) la déconstruction des femmes et des lesbiennes en tant que sujet politique ; 2) l'investissement dans l'univers symbolique du politique comme espace de subversion, au détriment des relations matérielles et des structures de pouvoir ; et 3) la disparition de la spécificité lesbienne et l'absence de remise en question des privilèges masculins dans les mouvements queer. Dans un deuxième temps, le travail de passeur des Panthères roses–groupes queer radical–permet la traduction des cadres (frame bridging) et leur inscription dans un répertoire d'action reconnaissable des féministes, répondant ainsi à deux des trois axes de critiques. Nous avançons donc que ce rôle de passeur permettra d'ouvrir une brèche qui, rapidement, permettra l'inscription et l'intégration, même si conflictuelles, du queer dans les milieux féministes francophones.
Cardiovascular fitness in late adolescent males and later risk of serious non-affective mental disorders: a prospective, population-based study
Authors: Nyberg J. , Henriksson M. , Åberg M. A. I. , Rosengren A. , Söderberg M. , Åberg N. D. , Kuhn H. G. , Waern M.
Published: June 2017

Background

Cardiovascular fitness in late adolescence is associated with future risk of depression. Relationships with other mental disorders need elucidation. This study investigated whether fitness in late adolescence is associated with future risk of serious non-affective mental disorders. Further, we examined how having an affected brother might impact the relationship.

Method

Prospective, population-based cohort study of 1 109 786 Swedish male conscripts with no history of mental illness, who underwent conscription examinations at age 18 between 1968 and 2005. Cardiovascular fitness was objectively measured at conscription using a bicycle ergometer test. During the follow-up (3–42 years), incident cases of serious non-affective mental disorders (schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like disorders, other psychotic disorders and neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders) were identified through the Swedish National Hospital Discharge Register. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the influence of cardiovascular fitness at conscription and risk of serious non-affective mental disorders later in life.

Results

Low fitness was associated with increased risk for schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like disorders [hazard ratio (HR) 1.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.29–1.61], other psychotic disorders (HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.27–1.56), and neurotic or stress-related and somatoform disorders (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.37–1.54). Relationships persisted in models that included illness in brothers.

Conclusions

Lower fitness in late adolescent males is associated with increased risk of serious non-affective mental disorders in adulthood.
Stability analysis for positive solutions for classes of semilinear elliptic boundary-value problems with nonlinear boundary conditions
Authors: Goddard Jerome , Shivaji Ratnasingham
Published: June 2017

We investigate the stability properties of positive steady-state solutions of semilinear initial–boundary-value problems with nonlinear boundary conditions. In particular, we employ a principle of linearized stability for this class of problems to prove sufficient conditions for the stability and instability of such solutions. These results shed some light on the combined effects of the reaction term and the boundary nonlinearity on stability properties. We also discuss various examples satisfying our hypotheses for stability results in dimension 1. In particular, we provide complete bifurcation curves for positive solutions for these examples.
Development and Validation of a Work Values Scale for Assessing High	School Students
Authors: Sung Yao-Ting , Yvonne Chang Yun-Tim , Cheng Tzu-Ying , Shelly Tien Hsiu-Lan
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Assessing work values with high school students is a critical component of career counseling practice, however it remains a relatively understudied area of research. The purpose of this study was to develop and provide psychometric evaluation of a Work Values Assembly (WVA) scale for assessing high school students. This study employed a mixed methodology to gather research data and conduct data analyses. In the first study, 30 participants were involved in focus-group interviews about their work values. The interview data were analyzed through a grounded theory approach and a framework of seven-dimension work values was derived. In the second study, the WVA scale was constructed based on the descriptions and dimensions of the first study. Seven hundred fifty three high school students participated in the pilot study. The revised scale was then administered to 896 high school students in a formal test. The exploratory- and confirmatory factor analyses re-verified the quality of the items and the construct validity of the WVA scale. The scale also demonstrated good test-retest reliability and criterion-related validity. Finally, 896 and 592 participants from high schools and colleges, respectively, participated in a test of measurement invariance between the two groups. Implications for counseling as well as suggestions for future research were discussed.
Critical mingling and universal correlations in model binary active liquids
Authors: Bain Nicolas , Bartolo Denis
Published: June 2017

Ensembles of driven or motile bodies moving along opposite directions are generically reported to self-organize into strongly anisotropic lanes. Here, building on a minimal model of self-propelled bodies targeting opposite directions, we first evidence a critical phase transition between a mingled state and a phase-separated lane state specific to active particles. We then demonstrate that the mingled state displays algebraic structural correlations also found in driven binary mixtures. Finally, constructing a hydrodynamic theory, we single out the physical mechanisms responsible for these universal long-range correlations typical of ensembles of oppositely moving bodies.
Observation of vortex-antivortex pairing in decaying 2D turbulence of a superfluid gas
Authors: Seo Sang Won , Ko Bumsuk , Kim Joon Hyun , Shin Y.
Published: June 2017

In a two-dimensional (2D) classical fluid, a large-scale flow structure emerges out of turbulence, which is known as the inverse energy cascade where energy flows from small to large length scales. An interesting question is whether this phenomenon can occur in a superfluid, which is inviscid and irrotational by nature. Atomic Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) of highly oblate geometry provide an experimental venue for studying 2D superfluid turbulence, but their full investigation has been hindered due to a lack of the circulation sign information of individual quantum vortices in a turbulent sample. Here, we demonstrate a vortex sign detection method by using Bragg scattering, and we investigate decaying turbulence in a highly oblate BEC at low temperatures, with our lowest being ~0.5T
c
, where T
c
is the superfluid critical temperature. We observe that weak spatial pairing between vortices and antivortices develops in the turbulent BEC, which corresponds to the vortex-dipole gas regime predicted for high dissipation. Our results provide a direct quantitative marker for the survey of various 2D turbulence regimes in the BEC system.
Genetic associations for keratoconus: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rong Shi Song , Ma Sarah Tsz Ue , Yu Xin Ting , Ma Li , Chu Wai Kit , Chan Tommy Chung Yan , Wang Yu Meng , Young Alvin L. , Pang Chi Pui , Jhanji Vishal , Chen Li Jia
Published: June 2017

Genetic associations for keratoconus could be useful for understanding disease pathogenesis and discovering biomarkers for early detection of the disease. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize all reported genetic associations for the disease. We searched in the MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and HuGENET databases for genetic studies of keratoconus published from 1950 to June 2016. The summary odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals of all polymorphisms were estimated using the random-effect model. Among 639 reports that were retrieved, 24 fulfilled required criteria as eligible studies for meta-analysis, involving a total of 53 polymorphisms in 28 genes/loci. Results of our meta-analysis lead to the prioritization of 8 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 6 genes/loci for keratoconus in Whites. Of them 5 genes/loci were originally detected in genome-wide association studies, including FOXO1 (rs2721051, P = 5.6 × 10−11), RXRA-COL5A1 (rs1536482, P = 2.5 × 10−9), FNDC3B (rs4894535, P = 1.4 × 10−8), IMMP2L (rs757219, P = 6.1 × 10−7; rs214884, P = 2.3 × 10−5), and BANP-ZNF469 (rs9938149, P = 1.3 × 10−5). The gene COL4A4 (rs2229813, P = 1.3 × 10−12; rs2228557, P = 4.5 × 10−7) was identified in previous candidate gene studies. We also found SNPs in 10 genes/loci that had a summary P value < 0.05. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the results were robust. Replication studies and understanding the roles of these genes in keratoconus are warranted.
The impact of visual gaze direction on auditory object tracking
Authors: Pomper Ulrich , Chait Maria
Published: June 2017

Subjective experience suggests that we are able to direct our auditory attention independent of our visual gaze, e.g when shadowing a nearby conversation at a cocktail party. But what are the consequences at the behavioural and neural level? While numerous studies have investigated both auditory attention and visual gaze independently, little is known about their interaction during selective listening. In the present EEG study, we manipulated visual gaze independently of auditory attention while participants detected targets presented from one of three loudspeakers. We observed increased response times when gaze was directed away from the locus of auditory attention. Further, we found an increase in occipital alpha-band power contralateral to the direction of gaze, indicative of a suppression of distracting input. Finally, this condition also led to stronger central theta-band power, which correlated with the observed effect in response times, indicative of differences in top-down processing. Our data suggest that a misalignment between gaze and auditory attention both reduce behavioural performance and modulate underlying neural processes. The involvement of central theta-band and occipital alpha-band effects are in line with compensatory neural mechanisms such as increased cognitive control and the suppression of task irrelevant inputs.
Boronic Acid-Modified Magnetic Fe3O4@mTiO2 Microspheres for Highly Sensitive and Selective Enrichment of N-Glycopeptides in Amniotic Fluid
Authors: Shi Zhonghua , Pu Liyong , Guo Yueshuai , Fu Ziyi , Zhao Wene , Zhu Yunxia , Wu Jindao , Wang Fuqiang
Published: June 2017

Although mesoporous materials and magnetic materials are used to enrich glycopeptides, materials sharing both mesoporous structures and magnetic properties have not been reported for glycopeptide analyses. Here we prepared boronic acid-modified magnetic Fe3O4@mTiO2 microspheres by covalent binding of boronic acid molecules onto the surfaces of silanized Fe3O4@mTiO2 microspheres. The final particles (denoted as B-Fe3O4@mTiO2) showed a typical magnetic hysteresis curve, indicating superparamagnetic behavior; meanwhile, their mesoporous sizes did not change in spite of the reduction in surface area and pore volume. By using these particles together with conventional poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanobeads, we then developed a synergistic approach for highly specific and efficient enrichment of N-glycopeptides/glycoproteins. Owing to the introduction of PMMA nanobeads that have strong adsorption towards nonglycopeptides, the number of N-glycopeptides detected and the signal-to-noise ratio in analyzing standard proteins mixture both increased appreciably. The recovery of N-glycopeptides by the synergistic method reached 92.1%, much improved than from B-Fe3O4@mTiO2 alone that was 75.3%. Finally, we tested this approach in the analysis of amniotic fluid, obtaining the maximum number and ratio of N-glycopeptides compared to the use of B-Fe3O4@mTiO2 alone and commercial SiMAG-boronic acid particles. This ensemble provides an interesting and efficient enrichment platform for glycoproteomics research.
New insights on the complex dynamics of two-phase flow in porous media under intermediate-wet conditions
Authors: Rabbani Harris Sajjad , Joekar-Niasar Vahid , Pak Tannaz , Shokri Nima
Published: June 2017

Multiphase flow in porous media is important in a number of environmental and industrial applications such as soil remediation, CO2 sequestration, and enhanced oil recovery. Wetting properties control flow of immiscible fluids in porous media and fluids distribution in the pore space. In contrast to the strong and weak wet conditions, pore-scale physics of immiscible displacement under intermediate-wet conditions is less understood. This study reports the results of a series of two-dimensional high-resolution direct numerical simulations with the aim of understanding the pore-scale dynamics of two-phase immiscible fluid flow under intermediate-wet conditions. Our results show that for intermediate-wet porous media, pore geometry has a strong influence on interface dynamics, leading to co-existence of concave and convex interfaces. Intermediate wettability leads to various interfacial movements which are not identified under imbibition or drainage conditions. These pore-scale events significantly influence macro-scale flow behaviour causing the counter-intuitive decline in recovery of the defending fluid from weak imbibition to intermediate-wet conditions.