bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Socio-psychological factors of emotional burnout in personnel of international missions in Ukraine
Authors: УШАКОВА Ірина , РОЖКО Соломія
Published: April 2020

The syndrome of emotional (professional) burnout is the state of emotional, mental exhaustion, physical exhaustion, which arises as a result of chronic stress at work. It is a result of the interaction of objective stressful environmental impacts and subjective sociopsychological characteristics of an employee. The structure, stages and indicators of burnout syndrome are theoretically analysed. The study of factors contributing to professional burnout was carried out on the staff of the European Union Advisory Mission (EUAM) in Ukraine. It was found that about a quarter of the sample has a high integral index of burnout, which is more often manifested through depersonalization and reduction of professional and personal achievements, but emotional exhaustion is less common in our subjects. The analysis of the relationship between the indicators of emotional professional burnout and some socio-psychological indicators of the subjects in our sample showed that the most important for preventing of burnout occurrence are impulsiveness, practicality and internal intrinsic motivation. Positive correlations with burnout rates (can contribute to its emergence) are the duration of service in missions and such coping strategies as search for social support, cautious, manipulative, antisocial and aggressive actions.
Формування соціальної зрілості студентів закладів вищої освіти
Authors: ДАНЧЕНКО Ірина , ПОЛУБОЯРИНА Ірина , ТЮРІНА Валентина
Published: April 2020

Проблему формування соціальної зрілості студентів як майбутніх фахівців визначено як одну з провідних проблем, що стоять перед сучасними закладами вищої освіти України; обґрунтовано фактори, що зумовлюють ефективність формування соціальної зрілості студентів; розроблено і наведено визначення поняття «соціальна зрілість студентів закладів вищої освіти», розкрито її структуру як інтегральної якості особистості та виявлено організаційно-педагогічні умови, що сприяють ефективному формуванню соціальної зрілості студентів в умовах здійснення навчально-виховного процесу у закладах вищої освіти; показано вплив професійної діяльності на особливості соціальної зрілості особистості; описано хід експерименту та проаналізовано його результати, які свідчать про залежність рівня сформованості соціальної зрілості студентів від забезпечення організаційно-педагогічних умов у навчально-виховному процесі у закладі вищої освіти.
Contemporary dance as a component of students’ physical education
Authors: МОВА Людмила
Published: April 2020

Today in the modern world the basic human need for the development of one's own body and keeping it healthy and fit is a topical issue. Health is one of the most important prerequisites for harmonious, full-fledged life and personal self-realization. And it is precisely physical education that is aimed at the formation of a healthy, physically complete personality and the functional improvement of the organism. Dance is an integral part of a human plastic culture. The danceplastic culture education begins with the knowledge and development of the musculoskeletal system of a dancer. First and foremost, students need to learn how to perform basic dance exercises and movements efficiently, anatomically competently and consciously. In our understanding, the contemporary dance technique (post-postmodern) is the technique based on the natural laws of the body functioning with regard to the organization of movement and breathing. Muscles’ release from excessive tension and the activation of the faction level in movement organization, the natural anatomical work of joints and their strengthening, the structure of the body interrelations - all of the abovementioned should precede the technical dance mastery as a high-quality physical training of a student for further mastering of professional disciplines. That is why, in our opinion, a modern student-dancer should be knowledgeable about the body by the following parameters: how human movement is organized, structural peculiarities of the skeletal mobile zones (joints), the understanding what makes the body move in space, what is the center of the body gravity, how the movement of a person from the lower tier to the upper tier in space is organized, what is primary for understanding and training your body and why breathing is acknowledged as the number one item in teaching contemporary dance, what are fasciae and why the experienced dancers-teachers talk so much about them during their classes, how the floor plays the role of a partner and allows you to feel the zones with excessive tension in your body during movement, what BF (Bartenieff Fundamentals) and LMA (Laban Мovement Аnalysis) are and more.
Assurance of European quality standards of Ukraine’s higher pharmaceutical education at the institutional level
Authors: РЕВА Тетяна , НІЖЕНКОВСЬКА Ірина , ЧХАЛО Оксана , КОЗАК Наталія
Published: April 2020

The article researches the problems of assurance of European quality standards of domestic higher pharmaceutical education at the institutional level. Obtaining the quality education is claimed to directly depend on the quality of the requirements (goals, regulations, and standards), resources (programs, human resources, entrants, resource-and-technical support of an educational process, finance, etc.), and educational processes (scientific and educational activities, management, educational technology, etc.). The European experience concerning the quality of higher education is analyzed. The basis for the development of higher pharmaceutical education quality system in Ukraine is defined.
Мотиваційні чинники студентів НМУ імені О.О. Богомольця при виборі медичної спеціальності (на прикладі студентів, що навчаються за спеціальностями «Медицина» та «Стоматологія»)
Authors: НІКОЛАЄНКО Оксана
Published: April 2020

Стаття присвячена основним мотиваційним чинникам, якими керувався студент при виборі медичної спеціальності. Дослідження базових мотивів здійснювалося за допомогою анкетування студентів першого курсу другого семестру Національного медичного університету імені О.О. Богомольця, що вступили на спеціальність «Медицина» та «Стоматологія». Анкети містили набір основних мотивів, розподілених на три блоки: мотиви обрання спеціальності, мотиви успішного навчання, мотиви до здобуття фаху лікаря. Аналіз показав, що на вибір медичної спеціальності вплинули зовнішні й внутрішні мотиви. Студенти керувалися певним набором соціальних та пізнавальних мотивів, що вже сформувались у свідомості під впливом зовнішніх факторів та особистісної позиції. Разом з тим, у статті зазначено віддміності між студентами-медиками та студентами-стоматологами при визначенні пріоритетних мотивів. Зазначено також, що у студентів, для яких альтруїстичні мотиви переважають над економічними, середній бал навчання кращий.
Особливості освітнього процесу у сфері біотехнології та промислової фармації в технічних університетах
Authors: ШВЕД О.В. , ГУБИЦЬКА І.І. , ПАРАЩИН Ж.Д. , ЛОБУР І.П. , ГУБРІЙ З.В. , ПЕТРІНА Р.О. , КРИЧКОВСЬКА А.М. , НОВІКОВ В.П.
Published: April 2020

Проаналізовано сучасний стан навчального процесу у вищій школі для здобуття професії у сферах сучасної біотехнології та фармації. Ці галузі відкривають можливості для підвищення якості життя за умови їх розвитку, використання з дотриманням заходів безпеки щодо довкілля і здоров'я людини, біоетичних норм поведінки відносно біосфери при застосуванні нових технологій. Впроваджено розроблені стандарти та матеріали у навчальний процес підготовки фахівців зі спеціальності 162 “Біотехнології та біоінженерія” і 226 “Фармація, промислова фармація”. Завдяки оптимальному та логічно послідовному поєднанню начальних дисциплін в ОПП та ОНП у студентів закладається фаховий фундамент для професійної діяльності для розуміння і застосування наукових підходів зі збереження природних ресурсів через залучення до інтерактивних інноваційних проектів в рамках мережевої інтеграції освіта-наука-виробництво.
Finans ve Bankacılık Sisteminde Yapay Zekâ Kullanımı: Kullanıcılar Üzerine Bir Uygulama
Authors: GÜMÜŞ Ersin , MEDETOĞLU Batuhan , TUTAR Salih
Published: April 2020

Finans sektöründe yapay zekâ uygulamalarının, bireylerin ödeme, tasarruf, birikim gibi alışkanlıkları üzerinde ne kadar etkili olduğunu ölçebilmek amacıyla gerçekleştirilen çalışmada öncelikle; finans sektörünün önemli kuruluşlarından biri olan bankaların tanımı, işlevleri, fonksiyonları anlatılmıştır. Çalışmada, yapay zekâ kavramı tanımlanmış ve finans sektöründe yapay zekânın işleyişi incelenmiştir. Yapay zekâ kullanımı finans sektöründe, maliyetleri azaltması, işlemlerin çabuk gerçekleştirilmesi, sunduğu güvenlik uygulamaları, her zaman ulaşılabilir olma yönleriyle kullanıcılara büyük avantajlar sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada yapay zekâ kullanımının finans sektöründe ve bankacılık alanında hem sistemi uygulayanlar hem de sistemi kullananlar tarafından ne kadar etkili olduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışmada 500 kişiye anket çalışması uygulanmış ve sonuçlarına bakıldığında ise, kullanıcıların yaş, cinsiyet, meslek ve gelir dağılımı açısından yapay zekâyı kullanma biçimlerinin farklılık gösterdiği görülmektedir. Ankete katılım sağlayan kişilerin, kolaylık ve güvenilirlik faktörleri ile kullanıcıların yaş, gelir ve eğitim düzeyleri analiz edilmiştir. Ankete katılım sağlayan kişilerin yaş, gelir ve eğitim düzeylerinin artması, yapay zekâya olan güveni de arttırmaktadır. Finans sektöründe yapay zekânın etkin kullanımının, kullanıcılar açısından büyük kolaylık sağladığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Kolorektal Kanser Cerrahisi Sonrası Önemli Bir Sorun: Fekal İnkontinans
Authors: AKTAŞ Dilek , KOÇAŞLI Sema
Published: April 2020

Son yıllarda kolorektal kanser tanısı konan hasta sayısının artması ile birlikte kolorektal cerrahi oranı da giderek artmaktadır. Kanser tedavisine bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan bağırsak disfonksiyonu bireylerin defekasyon sorunları ile karşı karşıya kalmasına neden olmaktadır.Kolorektal cerrahi sonrası sıklıkla karşımıza çıkan sorun fekal inkontinanstır. Bu sorunla karşılaşan bireyler damgalanma, utanma, kontrol kaybı duygusu, tuvalete yetişememe endişesi taşımaktadır.  Bu nedenle de bireyler fekal inkontinas yaşadığını çevresindeki diğer bireylerle ve sağlık profesyoneli ile paylaşmaktan çekinmekte ve sosyal ortamlardan uzaklaşmaktadırlar. Sosyal ortamlardan uzaklaşmak, yaşam tarzında meydana gelen değişiklikler ve psikolojik sorunlar, bireylerin yaşam kalitesini olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Bu nedenle fekal inkontinans şiddetinin en kısa sürede belirlenmesi ve tedavi edilmesi gerekmektedir. Fekal inkontinans tedavisi için pelvik taban egzersizleri, biyofeedback, elektrik stimulasyonu, diyet düzenlemeleri ve ilaç tedavileri önerilmektedir. Kolorektal cerrahiye bağlı olarak görülen bu durumda yüksek risk grubundaki hastaların ve uygun tedavi seçeneklerinin belirlenmesinde hemşire anahtar rol oynamaktadır. Aynı zamanda hemşireler fekal inkontinans sorunu yaşayan hastaların fiziksel-psikososyal sorunlar ile baş etmesinde, yaşam şeklinin düzenlenmesinde, boşaltım alışkanlıklarının düzenlenmesinde aktif rol oynamaktadır. Hemşire hastaların eğitim, danışmanlık, bakım rollerini üstlenmektedir.
Blockchain Technology as a Health and Safety Contributor in the Transport and Logistics Industry – Human Resource Requirements
Authors: Skiba Richard
Published: April 2020

Adaptation of blockchain technology in the Transport and Logistics industry may provide for not only increased transparency, trust and efficiency but also improved safety by minimising mis-declaration of cargo. There are currently a number of operators in the industry developing applications based on blockchain with may others planning to utilise the approach. As organisations commit to blockchain based projects, there will be an increased demand for blockchain developers, and associated job roles, and this paper considers the skills and knowledge requirements for those in these roles and provides a basis for determining the competence required for blockchain development.
A Linguistic and Theological Assessment of the Gap Theory with Particular Reference to Genesis 1:1-2b
Authors: Boaheng Isaac
Published: April 2020

Over the years, Christian scholars have made various attempts to explain the origin of the universe based on the Genesis account of creation. Three key evangelical interpretations of Genesis 1:1-3, namely, the restitution theory, the gap theory, and the precreation chaos theory, have emerged from the debate. Of particular importance to the present study is the gap theory which attempts to reconcile the Genesis account of creation with the geological claim that the earth is billions of years old. Advocates of the gap theory argue that God initially created a perfect universe in Genesis 1:1 which became imperfect in Genesis 1:2 as a result of a cataclysm. Though appealing, the linguistic and theological basis for this popular theory has been questioned by many biblical scholars. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the validity of the gap theory through a linguistic and theological examination of Genesis 1:1-2b. At the end the study discovered that the gap theory does not rest on solid exegetical, theological and linguistic grounds.
PECULIARITIES OF IMPLEMENTING GOVERNANCE IN THE SYSTEM OF SOCIAL SECURITY
Authors: Kryshtanovych Myroslav , Petrovskyi Petro , Khomyshyn Iryna , Bezena Ivan , Serdechna Iryna
Published: April 2020

Purpose – the primary purpose of the study is to identify the main threats to the process of ensuring social security and finding ways to establish a connection between economic and social security.

Research methodology – the methodological basis is a system of complementary philosophical, general scientific and unique methods of cognition of socio-political phenomena, in particular systemic-structural, comparatively retrospective, institutional and structural-functional, diagnostics and forecasting, general methods of analysis and synthesis, etc.

Findings – our results made it possible to establish which particular threats most affect the social security of the countries of Eastern Europe and the calculation results will help establish the country needs a connection between economic and social security.

Research limitations – we did not take into account a significant number of indicators characterising the state of social security of the state. The threats we have highlighted are compassionate. In the future, it is necessary to pay considerable attention to the process of assessing the level of social security of the state in order to determine whether it is necessary to state which government measures or not.

Practical implications – сertain threats and models can be used by countries of Eastern Europe to form the necessary measures to counter them;

Originality/Value – the study covers one of the least explored areas, namely social security, which has not been explored for a long time in the context of identifying threats. Social Security Model IDEF0 Formed.
THE ANALYSIS OF SPORTS AND THEIR COMMUNICATION IN THE CONTEXT OF CREATIVE INDUSTRIES
Authors: Dadelo Stanislav
Published: April 2020

The emergence of the phenomenon of sports is closely associated with the processes of communication.
Sport is a social phenomenon, which solves a number of various tasks. The integrity and popularity of sport promoted the
emergence and development of sport industry, integrating all human activities. The sport industry is changing with the changes
in social and technological development. It is aimed at satisfying the needs of the society at various levels (i.e. personal,
group, social, national and international levels). Sport helps to solve the tasks of personal growth. The analysis of sport
and the basic elements of the sport industry allows for assessing the importance and determining the stages of the sport
industry’s development. The phenomenon of sport and the associated industry needs a thorough study, including seemingly
unrelated areas (i.e. education, physiology, psychology, law, economy, communication, culture, technologies, etc.).
Determining the Physical Conditions of an Extremely Young Class 0 Circumbinary Disk around VLA 1623A
Authors: Hsieh Cheng-Han , Lai Shih-Ping , Cheong Pou-Ieng , Ko Chia-Lin , Li Zhi-Yun , Murillo Nadia M.
Published: April 2020

We present a detailed analysis of high-resolution C18O (2–1), SO (88–77), CO (3–2), and DCO+ (3–2) data obtained by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array toward a class 0 Keplerian circumbinary disk around VLA 1623A, which represents one of the most complete analyses toward a class 0 source. From the dendrogram analysis, we identified several accretion flows feeding the circumbinary disk in a highly anisotropic manner. Stream-like SO emission around the circumbinary disk reveals the complicated shocks caused by the interactions between the disk, accretion flows, and outflows. A wall-like structure is discovered south of VLA 1623B. The discovery of two outflow cavity walls at the same position traveling at different velocities suggests that the two outflows from both VLA 1623A and VLA 1623B are on top of each other in the plane of the sky. Our detailed flat and flared disk modeling shows that Cycle 2 C18O J = 2–1 data are inconsistent with the combined binary mass of 0.2 M
⊙, as suggested by early Cycle 0 studies. The combined binary mass for VLA 1623A should be modified to 0.3–0.5 M
⊙.
Spectral Modeling of Charge Exchange in the Central Region of M51
Authors: Yang Hang , Zhang Shuinai , Ji Li
Published: April 2020

Charge exchange (CX) emission reveals the significant interaction between neutral and ionized interstellar medium components of the dense, multiphase, circumnuclear region of a galaxy. We use a model including a thermal and CX components to describe the high-resolution XMM-Newton/RGS spectrum of the diffuse emission in the central region of M51. Representative signatures of CX emission—especially the prominent O vii forbidden line and the excess emission in the O viii Lyγ lines—can be explained by the model. Combined with Chandra images in the O viii and the O vii bands, we find soft X-ray emission is dominated by the jet-driven outflow and its interaction with the ambient neutral material. The jet-driven outflow itself is likely a thermal plasma of ∼0.59 keV, with mostly sub-solar abundances. It runs into the ambient neutral gas, and produces significant CX emission that accounts for one-fifth of the diffuse X-ray emission in the 7–28 Å band. The effective interface area in the CX process is one order of magnitude greater than the geometrical surface area of the jet-driven outflow. The tenuous outflow driven by the nuclear star formation may also contribute a small portion to both the diffuse thermal and CX emission. The photoionization by the active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and the resonance scattering by the hot gas itself are disfavored, though the effects from past AGN events may not be ruled out.
A New Parameter of the Photospheric Magnetic Field to Distinguish Eruptive-flare Producing Solar Active Regions
Authors: Lin Pei Hsuan , Kusano Kanya , Shiota Daikou , Inoue Satoshi , Leka K. D. , Mizuno Yuta
Published: April 2020

Solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are eruptive phenomena caused by coronal magnetic fields. In particular, large eruptive events originate in active regions (AR) with strong surface magnetic fields. However, it is still unclear what determines the capability of an AR to specifically produce eruptive flares and CMEs, and this hinders our knowledge of the initiation mechanism for the eruptive component of these phenomena. In this study, we propose a new parameter r

m
to measure the possibility that a flare that occurs in an AR can be eruptive and produce a CME. The parameter r

m
is defined by the ratio of the magnetic flux of twist higher than a threshold T

c
to the surrounding—and specifically, the overlying—magnetic flux. The value of r

m
for each AR can be estimated using nonlinear force-free field extrapolation models of the coronal magnetic field. Based on the data obtained by the Solar Dynamics Observatory/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager, we calculated the values of r

m
for 29 ARs at 51 times prior to flares larger than M5.0 class. We find that the footpoints of field lines with twist higher than 0.2 can represent the subsequent flare ribbons well, and field lines that overlie and “fence in” the highly twisted region will work to confine the eruption, generating confined flares. Discriminant function analysis is used to show that r

m
is moderately well able to distinguish ARs that have the capability of producing eruptive flares.
An Isolated White Dwarf with 317 s Rotation and Magnetic Emission
Authors: Reding Joshua S. , Hermes J. J. , Vanderbosch Z. , Dennihy E. , Kaiser B. C. , Mace C. B. , Dunlap B. H. , Clemens J. C.
Published: April 2020

We report the discovery of short-period photometric variability and modulated Zeeman-split hydrogen emission in SDSSJ125230.93−023417.72 (EPIC 228939929), a variable white dwarf star observed at long cadence in K2 Campaign 10. The behavior is associated with a magnetic (B = 5.0 MG) spot on the stellar surface, making the 317.278 s period a direct measurement of the stellar rotation rate. This object is therefore the fastest-rotating, apparently isolated (without a stellar companion) white dwarf yet discovered and the second found to exhibit chromospheric Balmer emission after GD 356, in which the emission has been attributed to a unipolar inductor mechanism driven by a possible rocky planet. We explore the properties and behavior of this object, and consider whether its evolution may hold implications for white dwarf mergers and their remnants.
The Effects of Tilt on the Images of Black Hole Accretion Flows
Authors: White Christopher J. , Dexter Jason , Blaes Omer , Quataert Eliot
Published: April 2020

We analyze two 3D general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamic accretion simulations in the context of how they would manifest in Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations of supermassive black holes. The two simulations differ only in whether the initial angular momentum of the plasma is aligned with the rapid (a = 0.9) spin of the black hole. Both have low net magnetic flux. Ray tracing is employed to generate resolved images of the synchrotron emission. When using parameters appropriate for Sgr A* and assuming a viewing angle aligned with the black hole spin, we find the most prominent difference is that the central shadow in the image is noticeably eccentric in tilted models, with the ring of emission relatively unchanged. Applying this procedure to M87 with a viewing angle based on the large-scale jet, we find that adding tilt increases the angular size of the ring for fixed black hole mass and distance, while at the same time increasing the number of bright spots in the image. Our findings illustrate observable features that can distinguish tilted from aligned flows. They also show that tilted models can be viable for M87, and that not accounting for tilt can bias inferences of physical parameters. Future modeling of horizon-scale observations should account for potential angular momentum misalignment, which is likely generic at the low accretion rates appropriate for EHT targets.
Asymmetric Structure of the Solar Wind and Heliosphere from IBEX Observations
Authors: Zirnstein E. J. , Dayeh M. A. , McComas D. J. , Sokół J. M.
Published: April 2020

Our heliosphere is formed by the interaction between the dynamic solar wind (SW) and partially ionized, local interstellar medium. “Pickup ions” (PUIs) are produced by charge exchange between SW ions and interstellar neutral atoms and propagate with the SW into the outer heliosphere. Neutralization of these PUIs in the heliosheath creates energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) that are observed near Earth by the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX). In this study, we analyze the evolution of ENAs observed by IBEX between ∼0.5 and 6 keV from 2009 to 2018, presenting the evolution of ENA spectral indices as a function of latitude in different regions of the sky. Our results show that IBEX ENA spectra reflect unique differences in the northern and southern polar coronal holes (PCHs) as a function of latitude and time. ENA spectra reflect a delayed closure of the southern PCH compared to the north by ∼1–2 yr in solar cycle 24, but then a rapid opening of the southern PCH beginning ∼1–2 yr later, in agreement with evolving SW speeds emanating from the PCHs. While ENA spectra from the front and flanks of the heliosphere exhibit similar behavior, ENA spectra from the back behave differently, suggesting that the heliotail and ENA source structures are significantly different. The mean ENA spectral index observed by IBEX evolves gradually and quasi-periodically over the ∼11 yr solar cycle, reflecting large-scale changes in the PCHs and SW speed. The standard deviation of the spectral index exhibits bumps at times when the SW dynamic pressure changes abruptly.
The Luminosity Distribution of Short Gamma-Ray Bursts under a Structured Jet Scenario
Authors: Guo Qi , Wei Daming , Wang Yuanzhu
Published: April 2020

The joint detection of gravitational wave (GW) and electromagnetic radiation from the binary neutron star merger event GW170817 marks a breakthrough in the field of multi-messenger astronomy. The short gamma-ray burst (sGRB) GRB 170817A, associated with this binary neutron star merger event, has an isotropic-equivalent gamma-ray radiation luminosity of 1.6 × 1047 erg s−1, which is much lower than that of other sGRBs. The measurement of the superluminal movement of the radio afterglow emission confirms the presence of the relativistic jet, and the emission features can be well explained by the structured jet model. In this paper, we calculate the luminosity distribution of sGRBs and its evolution with redshift based on the structured (Gaussian) jet model, and find that the typical luminosity increase with redshift, for nearby sGRBs (such as for luminosity distance less than 200 Mpc) the typical gamma-ray luminosity is just around 1047–1048 erg s−1, which naturally explains the very low radiation luminosity of GRB 170817A. We derived the detection probability of sGRBs by Fermi-GBM and found that the expected detection rate of sGRBs is only about 1 yr−1 within the distance of several hundred Mpc. We explored the effect of the power-law index α of the merger time distribution on the observed characteristics and found that it had little effect on the observed luminosity and viewing-angle distributions. However, it is very interesting that, for different values of α, the distributions of the number of observed sGRBs are quite different, so it is possible to determine the value of α through observed distributions of the number of sGRBs. We used the Bayesian method to make a quantitative analysis and found that the value of α may be identified when the number of observed sGRBs with known redshifts is more than 200. Finally, we compare our results of gamma-ray luminosity distribution with sGRBs with known redshifts, and found that our results are consistent with the observation, which implies that our simulation results can reproduce the observed luminosity distribution well.
Constraining the Milky Way Mass Profile with Phase-space Distribution of Satellite Galaxies
Authors: Li Zhao-Zhou , Qian Yong-Zhong , Han Jiaxin , Li Ting S. , Wang Wenting , Jing Y. P.
Published: April 2020

We estimate the Milky Way (MW) halo properties using satellite kinematic data including the latest measurements from Gaia DR2. With a simulation-based 6D phase-space distribution function (DF) of satellite kinematics, we can infer halo properties efficiently and without bias, and handle the selection function and measurement errors rigorously in the Bayesian framework. Applying our DF from the EAGLE simulation to 28 satellites, we obtain an MW halo mass of

and a concentration of

with the prior based on the M–c relation. The inferred mass profile is consistent with previous measurements but with better precision and reliability due to the improved methodology and data. Potential improvement is illustrated by combining satellite data and stellar rotation curves. Using our EAGLE DF and best-fit MW potential, we provide much more precise estimates of the kinematics for those satellites with uncertain measurements. Compared to the EAGLE DF, which matches the observed satellite kinematics very well, the DF from the semi-analytical model based on the dark-matter-only simulation Millennium II (SAM-MII) over-represents satellites with small radii and velocities. We attribute this difference to less disruption of satellites with small pericenter distances in the SAM-MII simulation. By varying the disruption rate of such satellites in this simulation, we estimate a ∼5% scatter in the inferred MW halo mass among hydrodynamics-based simulations.
MARVEL Analysis of the Measured High-resolution Rovibronic Spectra of the Calcium Monohydroxide Radical (CaOH)
Authors: Wang Yixin , Owens Alec , Tennyson Jonathan , Yurchenko Sergei N.
Published: April 2020

The calcium monohydroxide radical (CaOH) is an important astrophysical molecule relevant to cool stars and rocky exoplanets, among other astronomical environments. Here, we present a consistent set of highly accurate rovibronic (rotation-vibration-electronic) energy levels for the five lowest electronic states (

,

,

,

, and

) of CaOH. A comprehensive analysis of the published spectroscopic literature on this system has allowed 1955 energy levels to be determined from 3204 rovibronic experimental transitions, all with unique quantum number labeling and measurement uncertainties. The data set covers rotational excitation up to J = 62.5 for molecular states below 29,000 cm−1. The analysis was performed using the Measured Active Rotational-Vibrational Energy Levels algorithm, which is a robust procedure based on the theory of spectroscopic networks. The data set provided will significantly aid future interstellar, circumstellar, and atmospheric detections of CaOH, as well as assist in the design of efficient laser cooling schemes in ultracold molecule research and precision tests of fundamental physics.
A database of functional traits for spiders from native forests of the Iberian Peninsula and Macaronesia
Authors: Macías-Hernández Nuria , Ramos Cândida , Domènech Marc , Febles Sara , Santos Irene , Arnedo Miquel , Borges Paulo , Emerson Brent , Cardoso Pedro
Published: April 2020

There is an increasing demand for databases including species trait information for biodiversity and community ecology studies. The existence of trait databases is useful for comparative studies within taxa or geographical regions, but there is low availability of databases for certain organisms. Here we present an open access functional trait database for spiders from Macaronesia and the Iberian Peninsula, recording several morphological and ecological traits related to the species life histories, microhabitat and trophic preferences.

We present a database that includes 12 biological traits for 506 spider species present in natural forests of the Iberian Peninsula (Spain) and three Macaronesian archipelagoes (Azores, Madeira and Canary Islands). The functional trait database consists of two sections:

individual-level data for six morphological traits (total body size, prosoma length, prosoma width, prosoma height, tibia I length and fang length), based on direct measurements of 2844 specimens of all spider species; and

species-level aggregate data for 12 traits (same 6 morphological traits as in the previous section plus dispersal ability, vertical stratification, circadian activity, foraging strategy, trophic specialization and colonization status), based on either the average of the direct measurements or bibliographic searches.

individual-level data for six morphological traits (total body size, prosoma length, prosoma width, prosoma height, tibia I length and fang length), based on direct measurements of 2844 specimens of all spider species; and

species-level aggregate data for 12 traits (same 6 morphological traits as in the previous section plus dispersal ability, vertical stratification, circadian activity, foraging strategy, trophic specialization and colonization status), based on either the average of the direct measurements or bibliographic searches.

This functional trait database will serve as a data standard for currently ongoing analyses that require trait and functional diversity statistics.
New problems of Russian families in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Isupova Olga H.
Published: April 2020

The note is concerned with the social and economic consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic for the daily life of Russian, and especially Moscow, families, especially in association with the introduction of quarantine-like restrictions as of April 2020. These consequences relate to the organization of the daily work of parents and the study of children from one and the same limited space of home or flat, with a sudden sharp change in the routines of everyday life. Also, unexpected financial problems and restrictions were added in many families, due to the lack of the opportunity to work for those employed in the service sector, which constitutes a significant segment of the Moscow economy.
How will the consumer behaviour of Russians change under the impact of the crisis caused by the pandemic?
Authors: Berezin Igor S.
Published: April 2020

The scientific note assesses the expected changes in the consumption of Russians due to the crisis caused by the coronavirus. How will the consumption structure change in the short-run and long-run? What will this new consumption model look like? Which households will suffer the most? What will happen to the debt burden of households? Are we exaggerating the emerging speed of transition to online retail, education, medicine?
Proposed Amendments to the Constitution of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature
Authors: ICZN Secretariat
Published: April 2020

The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN, or Commission) considered amendments to Articles of its Constitution (ICZN 1999a) at a special session in Singapore, convened on June 3–7, 2019. During this meeting, Commissioners also planned revisions to the Bylaws, the current International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999b, 2003, 2012, 2017) and ZooBank user policies.
Le progrès technique, clef de la transition énergétique ?
Authors: Papon Pierre
Published: April 2020

Si la réalité du changement climatique fait aujourd’hui l’objet d’un très large consensus scientifique, la façon dont nous pouvons y faire face, en revanche, n’est pas envisagée de la même manière par tout le monde. Comme dans toute crise de grande ampleur, les regards divergent suivant que l’on est du côté des pessimistes — qui envisagent le pire et vont parfois jusqu’à adopter des positions « survivalistes » — ou des optimistes — qui considèrent que l’on finira par s’adapter et trouver des solutions, notamment grâce au progrès technique. Ces optimistes convaincus du « solutionnisme technologique » ont-ils raison ? Le progrès technique sera-t-il au rendez-vous pour accompagner la transition énergétique ? Dans ce deuxième volet de la série que Futuribles consacre aux questions climatiques et énergétiques, Pierre Papon examine les différentes voies ouvertes par le progrès technologique pour faire évoluer nos modes de production énergétique. Après avoir rappelé la lenteur (constatée historiquement) des transitions énergétiques, il souligne que la « décarbonation » de l’énergie est intimement liée à celle de la production électrique dont un élément clef concerne le stockage pour faire face à l’intermittence des énergies renouvelables. Il précise les différentes évolutions ou ruptures techniques envisageables en ce domaine, ainsi qu’en matière d’énergie nucléaire (qui fait partie des énergies non carbonées), l’horizon auquel elles pourraient se concrétiser (rarement antérieur à 2050) et les obstacles qu’elles pourraient rencontrer. Une incertitude majeure subsiste : comment réaliser la neutralité carbone de l’industrie ? En somme, un peu d’espoir, une longue attente…  S.D.
Quel avenir pour Taiwan ?
Authors: Cavalli Inès
Published: April 2020

La revue Futuribles n’a pas vocation à rendre compte des consultations électorales, mais celles-ci peuvent parfois nous inciter à réfléchir aux futurs possibles. Peut-être est-ce le cas des élections intervenues en janvier à Taiwan, île de 23,5 millions d’habitants divisée entre les tenants d’un rapprochement avec la Chine, et ceux qui sont convaincus de son identité propre, veulent la défendre, voire à terme assurer son indépendance. Taiwan est un acteur stratégique important dans la compétition sino-américaine dans la région Asie-Pacifique mais, au-delà de cet aspect, c’est avec Hong Kong un des bastions de la démocratie à l’occidentale dans le monde chinois. Il est donc intéressant d’en mieux comprendre la spécificité et les grandes tendances d’évolution. Tel est l’objet de la tribune que nous livre ici Inès Cavalli suite aux élections intervenues le 11 janvier 2020.  H.J.
Les fonctions des sociétés de secours mutuels dans l’Italie méridionale (1860-1914). L’exemple de la Société ouvrière de Messine
Authors: Launay Robin
Published: April 2020

Cet article entend illustrer les fonctions diverses remplies par les sociétés de secours mutuels dans le Mezzogiorno après l’unité italienne. Après l’unification des anciens royaumes de la péninsule, l’Italie, en tant que jeune État-nation, devait encore faire face à de nombreux défis. À ce moment, les sociétés de secours mutuels se multiplièrent pour répondre aux attentes des travailleurs dans le cadre d’une première forme de protection sociale. Loin d’être mises à l’écart de ce mouvement, les régions méridionales connaissent une expansion enthousiaste de sociétés ouvrières qui s’inséraient dans un espace public récent. La Société ouvrière de Messine, fondée en 1861 dans la ville portuaire située face au continent, semble être à différents égards le témoin de ces associations ouvrières dynamiques.
La protection sociale italienne et le système des partis dans les années 1980. Réformisme ou transformisme ?
Authors: Silei Gianni
Published: April 2020

Les années 80 ont représenté une phase de transition importante pour l’histoire du système de protection sociale en Italie. Au cours de cette décennie, le processus de construction de l’État-providence a donné lieu à quelques réalisations importantes sur l’ensemble du système national de santé. Dans le même temps, en raison du contexte économique national et international et de la situation politico-institutionnelle complexe du pays, l’État-providence italien était au centre d’un débat important sur la nécessité d’une réforme qui concilierait viabilité financière et protection sociale efficiente. L’article retrace la confrontation entre les forces politiques autour de ces thèmes, le chemin difficile des nombreux projets de réforme et les réalisations concrètes mais limitées qui en découlèrent.
Accueillir un enfant de l’Assistance publique dans un département dépeuplé. Nourrices et nourriciers des Basses-Alpes sous la III e République
Authors: Grenut Isabelle
Published: April 2020

Entre 1874 et 1923, 805 filles et garçons, en majorité des enfants naturels, sont admis à l’assistance dans les Basses-Alpes, soit des effectifs relativement faibles. Or, dans ce département très touché par le dépeuplement, l’inspection de l’Assistance publique peine à engager des nourrices « au sein », et doit diversifier son recrutement. De plus, l’élévation du niveau de vie, en parti- culier après la Première Guerre mondiale, contribue à détourner les jeunes agricultrices de cette activité contraignante et peu lucrative. Cependant, la loi du 19 juin 1923 permettant l’adoption des enfants mineurs ouvre d’autres perspectives aux enfants abandonnés, et concourt à faire évoluer le statut des familles nourricières.
Scholarship During a Pandemic: Secondary Data Analysis
Authors: Spurlock Darrell
Published: April 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted nearly every aspect of life in the United States and around the globe, including significant impacts to higher education, both in its teaching-learning and research missions. With the physical closure of so many college and university campuses, a looming challenge is how nurse researchers can continue to generate new knowledge during a temporary but extended period of social distancing where conducting research requiring physical interaction with participants is impossible. In this Methodology Corner installment, a brief overview of secondary data analysis is provided, and resources for locating potentially useful data are described. Although secondary data analysis will not replace the dominant approaches used in nursing education research, current circumstances require it to take a much more prominent place in the toolbox of nursing education researchers.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2020;59(5):245–247.]
Achieving better connections between deposited lines in additive manufacturing via machine learning
Authors: Jiang Jingchao ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand, Yu Chunling , Xu Xun , Ma Yongsheng , Liu Jikai ,   Faculty of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 1H9, Canada,   Center for Advanced Jet Engineering Technologies (CaJET), Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture (Ministry of Education), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China,   Key National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
Published: April 2020

Additive manufacturing is becoming increasingly popular because of its unique advantages, especially fused deposition modelling (FDM) which has been widely used due to its simplicity and comparatively low price. All the process parameters of FDM can be changed to achieve different goals. For example, lower print speed may lead to higher strength of the fabricated parts. While changing these parameters (e.g. print speed, layer height, filament extrusion speed and path distance in a layer), the connection between paths (lines) in a layer will be changed. To achieve the best connection among paths in a real printing process, how these parameters may result in what kind of connection should be studied. In this paper, a machine learning (deep neural network) model is proposed to predict the connection between paths in different process parameters. Four hundred experiments were conducted on an FDM machine to obtain the corresponding connection status data. Among them, there are 280 groups of data that were used to train the machine learning model, while the rest 120 groups of data were used for testing. The results show that this machine learning model can predict the connection status with the accuracy of around 83%. In the future, this model can be used to select the best process parameters in additive manufacturing processes with corresponding objectives.
Delegating performance evaluation
Authors: Letina Igor , Liu Shuo , Netzer Nick
Published: April 2020

We study optimal incentive contracts with multiple agents when performance is evaluated by a reviewer. The reviewer may be biased in favor of the agents, but the degree of bias is unknown to the principal. We show that a contest, which is a contract in which the principal fixes a set of prizes to be allocated to the agents, is optimal. By using a contest, the principal can commit to sustaining incentives despite the reviewer's potential leniency bias. The optimal effort profile can be uniquely implemented by an all‐pay auction with a cap. Our analysis has implications for various applications, such as the design of worker compensation or the allocation of research grants.
DETERMINATION OF RADON AND NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY CONCENTRATION IN SOME BUILDING MATERIALS USED IN IZMIR, TURKEY
Authors: Hatungimana Daniel , Taşköprü Caner , İçhedef Mutlu , Saç Müslim Murat , Yazıcı Şemsi , Mardani-Aghabaglou Ali
Published: April 2020

The aim of this study is to determine the radon and natural radioactivity concentrations of some building materials and to assess the radiation hazard associated with those mortar materials when they are used in the construction of dwellings. Radon measurements were realized by using LR-115 Type 2 solid state nuclear track detectors. Radon activity concentrations of these materials were found to vary between 130.00 ± 11.40 and 1604.06 ± 40.5 Bq m−3. The natural radioactivity in selected mortar materials was analyzed by using scintillation gamma spectroscopy. The activity concentrations for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K for the studied mortar materials ranged from ND to 48.5 ± 7.0 Bq kg−1, ND to 41.0 ± 6.4 Bq kg−1 and ND to 720.4 ± 26.8 Bq kg−1, respectively. Radium equivalent activities, external and internal hazard indexes, gamma and alpha indexes and absorbed gamma dose rates were calculated to assess the radiation hazard of the natural radioactivity in studied samples. The calculated Raeq values of all samples were found to be lower than the limit of 370 Bq kg−1 set for building materials. The estimated hazard index values were found to be under the unity and the absorbed dose rate values were also below the worldwide average of 84 nGy h−1.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF FIBER UTILIZATION ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF RECYCLED AGGREGATE CONCRETE CONTAINING SILICA FUME
Authors: Altun Muhammet Gökhan , Oltulu Meral
Published: April 2020

The use of recycled aggregate (RA) instead of natural aggregate (NA) in concrete is necessary for environmental protection and the effective utilization of resources. The addition of recycled aggregates in concrete increases shrinkage, porosity and decreases the mechanical properties compared to that of normal concrete. This study was aimed at investigating how the addition of various proportions of polypropylene and steel fiber affect the mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). The natural coarse aggregates (NCAs) used in the production of normal concrete (NC) were replaced in 30% and 50% proportions by recycled coarse aggregates (RCAs) obtained from the demolished buildings. In this case, a polypropylene fiber (PF) content of 0.1% and steel fiber (SF) 1% and 2% volume fractions were used, along with hybrid fibers-a combination of the two. While the material performance of RAC compared to NC is analyzed by reviewing existing published literature, it is not evident what the use of RCAs and hybrid fibers have on the mechanical properties of concrete. The results showed that the compressive strength, flexural strength and impcat resistance of RAC were reduced as the percentage of RCAs increased. It was observed that the compressive strength was increased with the addition of 1% steel fiber in the RAC. The flexural and impact performance of steel fiber-reinforced concrete (Specimens NC and RAC) was increased as the volume fractions of steel fiber increased. The hybrid fiber reinforced concretes showed the best results in their mechanical performance of all the concrete groups.