bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long read sequencing enhances pathogenic and novel variation discovery in patients with rare diseases
Authors: Tayoun Ahmad Abou , Sinha Shruti , Rabea Fatma , Ramaswamy Sathishkumar , Chekroun Ikram , Naofal Maha El , Jain Ruchi , Alfalasi Roudha , Halabi Nour , Yaslam Sawsan , Hassani Massomeh Sheikh , Shenbagam Shruti , Taylor Alan , Uddin Mohammed , Marri Mohamed Al , Du Plessis Stefan , Alsheikh-Ali Alawi
Published: April 2024

With ongoing improvements in accuracy and capacity to detect complex genomic and epigenomic variations, long-read sequencing (LRS) technologies could serve as a unified platform for clinical genetic testing, particularly in rare disease settings, where nearly half of patients remain undiagnosed using existing technologies. Here, we report a simplified funnel-down filtration strategy aimed at identifying large deleterious variants and abnormal episignature disease profiles from whole-genome LRS data. This approach substantially reduced structural and copy number variants by 98.5–99.9%, respectively, while detecting all pathogenic changes in a positive control set (N = 10). When applied to patients who previously had negative short-read testing (N = 39), additional diagnoses were uncovered in 13% of cases, including a novel methylation profile specific to spinal muscular atrophy, thus opening new avenues for diagnosing and treating this life-threatening condition. Our study illustrates the utility of LRS in clinical genetic testing and in the discovery of novel disease variations.
Checking the quality of drinking water in UC Ratokot, Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Aghani Faraz Ali
Published: April 2024

Drinking water is very important for life. But in the whole world drinking water is not good now for drinking purpose. That’s why this research was done to anlyse the suitability of UC Rasheed Wagan in Larkana. For this purpose 20 samples were taken from different locations and testing was done at the laboratory in technical college Larkana. The water quality parameters such as Ca, Mg, TH, TDS, EC, NO2, NO3, pH, Color and odor was tested for each samples. All standard methods were followed for assessment of water quality. The results revealed that concentration of various physicochemical in Groundwater of UC Rasheed wagan was beyond allowable limit. Only pH was within the limits. Overall, 65% of samples exhibited concentration of Chloride beyond the WHO limit. TH, TDS, EC, Ca, Mg, NO2, NO3, and Zn exceeded in 67%, 88%, 88%, 56%, 29%, 25%, and 18% of groundwater samples. Taste was alos bitter in more 67% of water samples. Overall, the water in UC Rasheed wagan is contaminated to be drunk
Faktoren von Frequenz und Produktivität von Diminution in frühen Dialekterhebungen des Deutschen
Authors: Schäfer Lea
Published: April 2024

This paper examines the productivity of diminution – mainly on the noun – in two large-scale surveys of German dialects of the 19th and early 20th centuries. The starting point is the basic question whether German dialects use differently dimintutive suffixes and which dialect uses diminutives more frequently than others. In addition to morphological and semantic aspects, this question is linked to numerous sociolinguistic, methodological, and phonotactic factors. This leads for example to the general problem, to what extent dialect stereotypes influence classical dialect surveys.
The approach is strictly empirical: The data discussed first are translations of the „Parable of the Prodigal Son“ (Luke 15:11–32) into German dialects from the early 19th century are examined (Radlof 1817; Stalder 1819). Subsequently an abbreviated sample of dialect translations of the 40 Wenker sentences from the late 19th and early 20th century is analyzed. Based on these datasets, different influencing factors are discussed that guide the use (and non-use) of diminutives.
Måleegenskaper ved den norske versjonen av The Lamer Social Competence in Preschool Scale (LSCIP)
Authors: Ten Braak Dieuwer , Lenes Ragnhild , Backer-Grøndahl Agathe
Published: April 2024

Beskrivelse: Lamer Social Competence in Preschool Scale (LSCIP) er et spørreskjemabasert måleinstrument som kartlegger barns sosiale kompetanse i en nordisk barnehagekontekst. LSCIP bygger på det amerikanske måleinstrumentet Social Skills Rating System (SSRS). Instrumentet består av 31 ledd. Spørreskjemaet kan besvares av barnehagepersonell eller foresatte. Det gis svar på en fempunkts Likert-skala fra én (veldig sjelden) til fem (veldig ofte) om hvor ofte barnet viser kompetansen i de siste to månedene. Litteratursøk: Et systematisk litteratursøk etter norske, danske og svenske studier som rapporterte psykometriske egenskaper ved LSCIP resulterte i 109 treff. Fem studier, hvorav én masteroppgave, ble funnet gjennom andre kilder. Etter vurdering av fulltekst ble totalt ni norske studier inkluderte. Disse inneholdt dokumentasjon om både reliabilitet og validitet. Studiene rapporterer resultater for barn i aldersgruppen 1½ - 5½ år. Utvalgene er relativt store (fra n = 478 til n = 1426), men noen utvalg er representert flere ganger. De inkluderte studiene omfatter ingen kliniske utvalg, kun den generelle populasjonen. Psykometri: Resultatene viser god reliabilitet for hele skalaen, men noe mindre konsistent reliabilitet for delskalaene. Begrepsvaliditet blir rapportert gjennom to forskjellige tilnærminger til faktorstruktur, og disse har noe motstridende resultater. Derfor er det usikkert om LSCIP måler et flerdimensjonalt eller unidimensjonalt begrep. Det er manglende dokumentasjon på konvergerende-, diskriminerende- og kriterievaliditet og det er ukjent hvordan instrumentet fungerer i kliniske populasjoner. Det finnes imidlertid noe dokumentasjon på samtidig og prediktiv validitet. Konklusjon: Enkelte av LSCIPs psykometriske egenskaper er relativt godt undersøkt. Samtidig er det noe motstridende resultater når det gjelder delskalaene og manglende informasjon på validitet, normdata og kliniske undergrupper. Vi anbefaler derfor LSCIP kun til bruk i forskning foreløpig.
LSD (Lysergic Acid Diethylamide)
Authors: Krishnan Jayalakshmi
Published: April 2024

LSD is a potent hallucinogen. It was first synthesised in 1938. It is marketed
under numerous names. Ergot, a fungus that develops on rye and grains, is used to
make LSD. The effect of LSD is mind-altering, pleasurable, and stimulating.
Sometimes, exposure to this drug causes so-called unpleasant experiences, such as “bad
trips”. It is classified as a Class 1 drug (highly abused) by the Drug Enforcement
Agency. Paranoia or psychosis can occur as a negative sequence of taking LSD.
Changes in perception, sense of time and space, and mood are reported due to the use
of LSD. This medication can be taken orally or through the tongue using tablets,
droplets, or blotter paper. LSD is marketed in the streets as blotter paper, thin squares
of gelatin, tablet form, liquid sugar cubes, and pure liquid form. Since this is a mindaltering drug, it causes changes in serotonin levels in the brain. LSD affects one's
ability to make rational decisions. Speaking with a healthcare professional, talk
therapy, and additional medical therapy are options since there is no medication to treat
LSD.
Methamphetamine
Authors: Krishnan Jayalakshmi
Published: April 2024

Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly addictive stimulant that affects the
central nervous system. It is a widely abused psychostimulant. Monoaminergic
neurotransmitter terminals are affected by METH intake. METH structure is very
similar to amphetamine, a drug used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD). METH is taken in various modes, such as smoking, swallowing, snorting,
injecting powder, etc. Dopamine levels, serotonin levels, and norepinephrine levels are
increased due to METH uptake, leading to extremely strong euphoric effects. This
dopamine surge causes the brain to repeatedly take the drug and is responsible for
addiction. As a short-term effect, METH causes increased wakefulness and physical
activity, decreased appetite, faster breathing, rapid and/or irregular heartbeat, increased
blood pressure, and body temperature. METH overdose causes hyperthermia and
convolution, which can lead to death if not treated. METH also causes irreversible
brain damage. Amphetamine psychosis, dementia-like symptoms, increased anti-social
behaviour, and increased susceptibility to neurodegenerative diseases are the long-term
neurological effects of METH use.
Morphine
Authors: Krishnan Jayalakshmi
Published: April 2024

Morphine is a Schedule II drug and it is used in pain treatment. Like other
opioid drugs, it also has addictive properties. The other street names of Morphine
include M, Miss Emma, Monkey, Roxanol, and White Stuff. There are natural
alkaloids come from the resin of opium poppy, Papaver somniferum. Morphine is
attached to the receptors in the brain and spinal cord to block pain signals. Morphine
impacts the level of dopamine and serotonin by acting in the brain's reward system.
Breathing and heart rate are also modified due to morphine which has both short-term
and long-term effects. Morphine can last up to 4 to 6 hours in blood. It also acts on the
dendrites and spines in order to change the plasticity of the neurons. Endogenous and
exogenous opiates target the same tissues and cells.
Fentanyl
Authors: Krishnan Jayalakshmi
Published: April 2024

Fentanyl is an opioid usually used in general anaesthesia, due to which it is
also called an analgesic drug. These drugs can relieve the pain within the body by
blocking the neurotransmitters or chemicals that cause pain in the body. Opioids can
work in both the ascending pathways of the brain as well as the descending pathways
of the brain for pain modulation. Fentanyl is more potent than morphine and herion.
Fentanyl is also given as transdermal patches or lozenges in the treatment of pain
management. Fentanyl is also sold illegally and can cause of death too when abused.
Because of its strong property to be addicted, fentanyl also is mixed with the heroine.
Moreover, fentanyl has its own effects during withdrawal, which causes behaviour
changes. Fentanyl can bind to μ-opioid receptors (MORs) to exert its effects. In
addition, fentanyl abuse is becoming more common globally. Fentanyl causes the brain
to suffocate by decreasing the oxygen supply, causing hypoxia and hyperglycemia as
well. Fentanyl abuse can cause serious cognitive issues, leading to severe structural
damage manifested as hormonal and neuronal disturbances. By suppressing the two
brainstem areas, opioids cause disturbances to breathing.
Alcohol
Authors: Krishnan Jayalakshmi
Published: April 2024

Alcohol affects brain activity in various ways. It has both short-term and
long-term effects. It causes slurred speech, short-term memory dysfunctions
hallucinations, etc. by timing the activity of neuronal cells. Moreover, it causes
teratogenic effects in the fetus ifthe mother is consuming alcohol during pregnancy.
Alcohol can damage the brain cells, cause a lowering of serotonin levels, and higher
GABA levels, cease new brain cells to be formed, and cause damage to the blood
vessels and nerve cells in the brain. In addition, alcohol abuse causes WernickeKorsakoff’s syndrome, which is due to the lack of vitamin B1 in drinkers. Also, alcohol
abuse causes Wernicke’s encephalopathy which is characterised by muscle problems,
being confused, etc. Memory loss and less coordination are the long-term effects of
alcohol abuse. All regions of the brain, such as the cerebellum, limbic system, and
cerebral cortex, can be affected by alcohol abuse. The cerebellum is responsible for the
movement of the body, and alcohol disrupts this balance causing emotional and
memory issues. Alcohol consumption on a regular basis leads to reduced brain size or a
rapid aging process. Alcohol disorder is listed as one of the most prevalent mental
health problems in the world.
Editorial
Authors: López Rivera Edwin
Published: April 2024

Es un gusto presentar el volumen 11, número 1 de la revista tiempo&economía. En esta nueva entrega continuamos con nuestro compromiso de difundir trabajos teóricos e investigaciones empíricas en áreas fundamentales como la historia económica, empresarial y las ideas administrativas, económicas y contables, tanto en el ámbito nacional como internacional. En esta edición contamos con una selección de artículos de gran relevancia para el análisis del desarrollo económico latinoamericano de largo plazo, así como el pensamiento económico. Desde un análisis detallado de las exportaciones colombianas a lo largo de los siglos, hasta una exploración de la teoría económica de Joseph Schumpeter, pasando por estudios sobre la gobernanza corporativa en la actividad ganadera en México y la capacidad exportadora de la industria argentina en el siglo xxi, ofrecemos una perspectiva amplia y diversa sobre temas de vital importancia para la comunidad académica y profesional. Además, en nuestra sección de reseñas encontrarán análisis críticos sobre obras recientes que contribuyen al conocimiento en nuestras áreas de interés, ampliando la literatura académica reciente sobre el rol de Hispanoamérica en las redes de comercio global entre los siglos xvii y xix, así como sobre el desarrollo rural en una región del Caribe colombiano.

Es un gusto presentar el volumen 11, número 1 de la revista tiempo&economía. En esta nueva entrega continuamos con nuestro compromiso de difundir trabajos teóricos e investigaciones empíricas en áreas fundamentales como la historia económica, empresarial y las ideas administrativas, económicas y contables, tanto en el ámbito nacional como internacional. En esta edición contamos con una selección de artículos de gran relevancia para el análisis del desarrollo económico latinoamericano de largo plazo, así como el pensamiento económico. Desde un análisis detallado de las exportaciones colombianas a lo largo de los siglos, hasta una exploración de la teoría económica de Joseph Schumpeter, pasando por estudios sobre la gobernanza corporativa en la actividad ganadera en México y la capacidad exportadora de la industria argentina en el siglo xxi, ofrecemos una perspectiva amplia y diversa sobre temas de vital importancia para la comunidad académica y profesional. Además, en nuestra sección de reseñas encontrarán análisis críticos sobre obras recientes que contribuyen al conocimiento en nuestras áreas de interés, ampliando la literatura académica reciente sobre el rol de Hispanoamérica en las redes de comercio global entre los siglos xvii y xix, así como sobre el desarrollo rural en una región del Caribe colombiano.
Nemátodos en Trichomycterus nigromaculatus (Pisces: Trichomycteridae) en el Río Gaira, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia
Authors: Toncel-Palencia Carlos , García-Alzate Carlos
Published: April 2024

Objective. To determine the prevalence of helminth infection in Trichomycterus nigromaculatus captured in environments defined from the physicochemistry of the Gaira River, in Minca, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. Material and Methods. We collected 476 specimens of T. nigromaculatus covering both climatic periods of the area, which were dissected to analyze the visceral cavity. Isolated parasites were fixed in 10% formalin for subsequent clarification. The specimens were identified by observation of adult stages under a stereoscopic microscope after clarification. Results. Specimens were found exclusively from the genus Spirocamallanus (Nematoda), the species Spirocamallanus sp. parasitic prevalence ranged from 0% in August to 28.57% in April with an abundance of 1.09 worms/host. Environmental parameters such as dissolved oxygen (Mean:5.65 mg. L-1, Max:7.5 mg. L-1, Min:4.41 mg. L-1); pH (Mean:7.2, Max: 9.3, Min: 5.7) and conductivity (Mean:72.82 µs.cm-1, Max: 123.7 µs.cm-1, Min: 40 µs.cm-1) presented statistically significant differences, the environment is eutrophicated. Conclusions. Spirocamallanus sp. were described in the areas of presence of the parasitic association in T. nigromaculatus, which constitutes a new record for the Colombian Caribbean and an extension of the geographic distribution and host range of the nematode.
Potencial alimenticio de ensilados híbridos de maíz Puma incluidos en la dieta de ovejas gestantes.
Authors: Castillo-Hernández Laura , Zaragoza-Esparza Joob , Tadeo-Robledo Margarita , Espinosa-Calderón Alejandro , Ramírez-Espinosa Jesús , Macedo-Gonz´alez José de Jesús , Castillo-Hernández Axel , Cano-Suárez Paolo , Terrazas-García Angélica
Published: April 2024

Objective. The nutritional potential of maize´s Puma hybrids was evaluated as silage forage in 50% of the pregnant ewe’s diet. Materials and methods. Sixty-one pregnant ewes were used, assigned to the groups: Centli Puma (N = 21), Tsiri Puma (N = 20) and Tlaoli Puma (N = 20) and their weight, body condition (CC), FAMACHA and metabolic profile in gestation were measured, as well as milk production and quality at 15 and 30 days of lactation. In lambs, birth temperature and weight were measured. Results. The weight and CC of the ewes during pregnancy and lactation were not affected by the group (p>0.05). On the other hand, the estimated feed intake was higher in the ewes of the Centli group (p<0.0001), while the FAMACHA values were better in the Centli and Tlaoli groups (p<0.05). Proteins, glucose, cholesterol and β hydroxybutyrate during pregnancy and milk production and composition during lactation were not affected by the group (p>0.05). Neither did the weight of the lambs and their body temperature vary among the three groups (p>0.05). Conclusions. The use of Puma corn hybrid silages developed for grain production has good and similar response in the productive and metabolic parameters of sheep, as well in the lambs.
Developing an Intelligent Mobile Clinic— A Medical Vehicle for Improve Access to Healthcare in Remote Areas: Evidence From China (Preprint)
Authors: Yang Yeqin , Chen Xinlei , Huang Xufang , Xu Yimiao , Xu Jiabin , Wang Yanan , Ren Xinyue
Published: April 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

The unequal of healthcare resource allocation is a public health issue of global concern. Lishui is a mountainous city in the southern part of Zhejiang Province, with a mountainous area accounting for 88.42% of the total urban area. Most of the residents in the mountainous areas left behind are elderly people, with low levels of intelligent medical literacy. Due to geographical limitations and the characteristics of residents, the accessibility of medical and health resources in the Lishui mountainous area is particularly prominent. The healthcare system of Lishui City has created an intelligent mobile clinic diagnosis and treatment model, which helps in combining the research results of remote medicine both at home and abroad of smart medicine in China. Intelligent mobile clinics are innovative in combining mobile hospitals with telehealth technology, providing a healthcare service model that combines online and offline services for residents in remote areas. Offline mobile medical vehicles regularly visit various mountainous villages every week to diagnose and treat residents, while accompanying medical personnel to assist residents with low levels of intelligent medical literacy in accessing online medical resources. This model effectively saves healthcare costs for mountainous residents, solves the issues of accessibility and fairness of medical resources in mountainous areas, and provides experience and reference for achieving equalization of medical resource allocation in remote and mountainous areas.
Evaluating ChatGPT-4’s Accuracy in Identifying Final Diagnoses Within Differential Diagnoses Compared With Those of Physicians: Experimental Study for Diagnostic Cases (Preprint)
Authors: Hirosawa Takanobu , Harada Yukinori , Mizuta Kazuya , Sakamoto Tetsu , Tokumasu Kazuki , Shimizu Taro
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

The potential of artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots, particularly ChatGPT with GPT-4 (OpenAI), in assisting with medical diagnosis is an emerging research area. However, it is not yet clear how well AI chatbots can evaluate whether the final diagnosis is included in differential diagnosis lists.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to assess the capability of GPT-4 in identifying the final diagnosis from differential-diagnosis lists and to compare its performance with that of physicians for case report series.

METHODS

We used a database of differential-diagnosis lists from case reports in the American Journal of Case Reports, corresponding to final diagnoses. These lists were generated by 3 AI systems: GPT-4, Google Bard (currently Google Gemini), and Large Language Models by Meta AI 2 (LLaMA2). The primary outcome was focused on whether GPT-4’s evaluations identified the final diagnosis within these lists. None of these AIs received additional medical training or reinforcement. For comparison, 2 independent physicians also evaluated the lists, with any inconsistencies resolved by another physician.

RESULTS

The 3 AIs generated a total of 1176 differential diagnosis lists from 392 case descriptions. GPT-4’s evaluations concurred with those of the physicians in 966 out of 1176 lists (82.1%). The Cohen κ coefficient was 0.63 (95% CI 0.56-0.69), indicating a fair to good agreement between GPT-4 and the physicians’ evaluations.

CONCLUSIONS

GPT-4 demonstrated a fair to good agreement in identifying the final diagnosis from differential-diagnosis lists, comparable to physicians for case report series. Its ability to compare differential diagnosis lists with final diagnoses suggests its potential to aid clinical decision-making support through diagnostic feedback. While GPT-4 showed a fair to good agreement for evaluation, its application in real-world scenarios and further validation in diverse clinical environments are essential to fully understand its utility in the diagnostic process.
Title
Student acceptance of digital Entrustable Professional Activities: A study protocol (Preprint)
Authors: Domann Maximilian , Stadler Matthias
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

The integration of digital Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) and simulations in medical education represents a significant shift towards competency-based learning. This approach focuses on developing specific skills through manageable units and enhancing proficiency in high-stakes environments. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) provides a framework to evaluate the adoption of these educational technologies, emphasizing the roles of perceived usefulness and ease of use.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to investigate the acceptance of digital EPAs among medical students within simulated training environments. It seeks to understand how perceived usefulness and ease of use influence this acceptance, guided by the principles of the TAM.

METHODS

The study will involve medical students in the clinical phase of their education at LMU. A survey, distributed through the Module-6 distributor, will capture their perceptions of digital EPAs. A regression analysis will be employed to analyze the data. The required sample size, calculated via G*Power 3.1, is 75 participants, accounting for a 10% margin to address potential dropouts.

RESULTS

Data collection is anticipated to be complete by July 2024, with analysis concluded by October 2024. The results will provide insights into students' attitudes towards digital EPAs and their willingness to integrate these tools into their learning.

CONCLUSIONS

This study will contribute to the understanding of digital EPAs' role in medical education, potentially guiding future design and implementation of these tools. While highlighting the importance of perceived usefulness and ease of use, the study also acknowledges limitations in sample size and recruitment methodology, indicating the need for further research with more diverse and larger groups. This research is poised to shape future medical training programs, aligning with the evolving landscape of medical education.
Research on the Psychological Growth Path of College Students from the Perspective of Discontinuity and Balance Theory
Authors: Nie Yingnan , Meng Zifei , Wang Jiayi , Liu Manhong
Published: April 2024

Mental health education is an integral component of ideological and political education, serving as a cornerstone in promoting campus harmony and stability. From the discontinuity and balance theory perspective, the agenda setting is closely intertwined with pertinent psychological policies, implementation strategies, and pathways for psychological growth. By attending to the psychological growth issues and information of college students sequentially, ideological and political workers collaborate with psychology experts, we-media platforms, as well as relevant psychological organizations and associations to collectively influence policy-making processes while promoting policy development changes and enhancing the effectiveness of policy implementation. Empirical research findings systematically demonstrate that the mental growth status of college students exhibits positive correlations with variables such as their emotional difficulties, carriers for disseminating psychological work propaganda, peer counselors’ working modes, ripple effects from network hot events, and learning outcomes from online courses. This paper explores practical endeavours and innovative attempts towards constructing an atmosphere conducive to mental health education, promoting equilibrium within psychological educational policies, and enhancing educational outcomes for college students.
Philosophical Thought of Nguyen Trai
Authors: Chinh Trinh Doan , Tri Nguyen Minh
Published: April 2024

Nguyen Trai (1380-1442) - a bright star in Vietnamese history, the most beautiful crystallization of the nation's talents, virtues, spirit, and mettle, not only illuminating in his time but also shine forever in the future. Nguyen Trai is not only a politician, a genius strategist, a culturalist, but also a great thinker, reflected in his philosophical views on the universe, on all things and people, with his view of the universe. the concept of “Heaven's orders” through the concepts of “heaven's heart”, “heaven's will”, “heaven's way”; and the views about awareness and education, about human morality, about humanity, about the people, about the times and about the nation and nation are very special.
Parental Involvement on Child’s Education at Home during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bonilla Marlon Toren , Camo Jemajo Guban , Lanzaderas Rhea Alvarez , Lanzaderas Riza Alvarez , Bonilla Anita Heredero
Published: April 2024

As the COVID-19 pandemic strikes, the Philippine educational system has been interrupted, with regular classrooms being replaced with distance learning. Parents are compelled to act as teachers or tutors in their children's home education. This study aims to find out how parents participate in distance learning at the height of the pandemic. This research used a descriptive-correlational research design. Researcher-made questionnaires were used to collect data from 60 parents chosen through stratified intentional sampling. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Kendall’s Tau B for correlations. Findings revealed that family income and parental educational attainment are related to parental involvement. Parental educational attainment and barriers are quite important. Parental educational attainment and parental involvement with barriers are quite important. Family income with barriers is insignificant. The biggest difficulties that parents found were internet connectivity, lack of devices or gadgets, access to the internet, and difficulty instructing their children at home. It is suggested that the Department of Education adopt and stay current with distance learning education as a supplement to traditional methods of teaching-learning to ensure continuity during difficult times. In every situation, parents must accept the critical role of becoming involved in their child's learning process.
Examine online learning: The influence of cost readiness on Modern Education
Authors: Areche Franklin Ore
Published: April 2024

The primary goal of this research is to examine and analyse the cost readiness factor as it relates to e-learning deployment. The study will look at the cost efficiency and cost readiness factors that influence the successful adoption of an e-learning system, and propose prospective and long-term solutions that would go a long way toward overcoming cost obstacles in the future. The researchers used a quantitative research method to determine the cost readiness of e-learning implementation. The participants in this study were 219 participants from several private universities. The results demonstrated that cost preparedness has a large predictive value for e-learning and will have a direct positive relationship with it. The survey questions may not necessarily generalize to the greater community of instructors and administrative personnel at private colleges, which is one of the study's limitations.
Biomimetic Sonar Innovation Inspired from Dolphins: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Rukmani Dr. K. V. , Raj Lt. Dr. D. Antony Arul , V Ms. Lakshana , G Mr. Ravishinu , K Mr. Gokul
Published: April 2024

Abstract: The sonar of dolphins has evolved over millions of years and has attained outstanding performance levels. Using the exceptional performance of the dolphins’ sonar as an impetus, bio-inspired wideband acoustic sensing approaches for underwater target recognition and tracking are under development. In this study, we have sight seen what they expect to extract as a gain from such a wideband sonar. The systems wideband sensors are grounded on bottlenose dolphins’ sonar, encapsulating a frequency band from about 30 to 150 kHz and having a frequency reliant on beamwidth substantially larger than that of conventional imaging sonars. The system can be made fairly compact and apt for mounting on diverse platforms including small-scale autonomous underwater automobiles to permit the sonar to function in an analogous way to that used by dolphins. In this paper, we have highlighted the mechanism and applications of the sonar innovation in various domains along with the ongoing developments with regard to it.
Identifying Fake Products through a Barcode based Blockchain System
Authors: Kokate Anuja
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Counterfeit products pose a significant threat to consumers, businesses, and economies worldwide. Traditional methods of authentication often fall short in effectively combating this issue. In response, this paper proposes a novel approach utilizing a barcode based blockchain system to authenticate products and detect counterfeit items. By integrating blockchain technology with barcode scanning, consumers and retailers can verify the authenticity of products throughout the supply chain. The system employs smart contracts to record product information and transactions securely, providing a transparent and immutable record of each item's journey. Through this approach, stakeholders can mitigate the risks associated with counterfeit goods, safeguard brand reputation, and enhance consumer trust. This paper outlines the architecture of the proposed system, discusses its potential benefits, and addresses implementation challenges. Furthermore, it explores the implications of integrating blockchain technology with barcode scanning for combating counterfeit products and enhancing supply chain transparency
Robust Intelligent Malware Detection Using Deep Learning
Authors: Sruthi Dr. P. , Ambica Dr. Y. , Kumar Thumula Pranay Krishna , Ajitha Thota , Prasad Nilagiri Venkat
Published: April 2024

Abstract: In the modern era of technology, malicious software, or malware, holds a serious security hazard as computer users, businesses, and governments see an uptick in malware attacks. In attempts to identify unknown malware, current malware detection solutions use dynamic as well as static examination of malware signatures and behavior patterns, which takes time and is unsuccessful. Modern malware employs evasive strategies such as metamorphosis and polymorphism to rapidly alter its actions and produce a multitude of variants. Machine learning algorithms (MLAs) are being used more and more to do an efficient malware analysis because new malware is primarily versions of current malware. Extensive feature engineering, feature learning, and feature representation are needed for this. It is likely to fully eliminate the feature engineering stage by utilizing sophisticated MLAs like deep learning. Even though there have been a few fresh investigations in the field, the algorithms' performance is skewed by the training set. It is a prerequisite to reduce bias and figure out these techniques holistically in order to develop new, improved techniques for successful zero-day malware detection. This paper fills a vacuum in the literature by comparing and contrasting deep learning architectures with standard MLAs for malware detection, classification, and categorization using public and private datasets. The public and private dataset’s train and test splits, which were gathered during distinctly different periods, are not connected to one another in the experimental study. Furthermore, we provide a new method of image processing with ideal parameters for deep learning architectures and MLAs. In response to a thorough scientific assessment of these methodologies, deep learning architectures perform more efficiently than traditional MLAs. All in all, our work suggests a scalable and multimodal deep learning system for real-time malware detection through visual means. An improved technique for successful zero-day malware detection is the visualization and deep learning architectures for static, dynamic, and image processing based blended methods in a big data environment.
Cyber Espionage Policy and Regulation: A Comparative Analysis of Indonesia and Germany
Authors: Susila Muh , Salim Andi
Published: April 2024

This study explores the policy and regulatory frameworks concerning cyber espionage within Indonesia and Germany. Given the considerable threats cyber espionage poses to national security and economic interests, it is crucial for nations to formulate thorough strategies to mitigate such risks. Through a comparative analysis of Indonesia and Germany—two countries with distinct geopolitical stances and methodologies regarding cybersecurity and espionage—the research delves into the legal, political, and technological factors influencing their cyber espionage policies. The methodology includes a comprehensive review of legislative measures, governmental strategies, and the response of institutions to cyber espionage in both nations. The objective is to discern the similarities, differences, and effectiveness of the policies and regulations of these countries. This comparison sheds light on the adequacy of Indonesian legislation in combating cybercrime, especially cyber espionage. The study reveals that Indonesia's legal infrastructure for cybercrime is markedly underdeveloped compared to Germany's, where stringent and well-articulated regulations are in place, facilitating precise and efficient management of cyber issues. Thus, the study underscores an urgent need for Indonesia to reform its cybercrime laws, focusing on cyber espionage, among other cyber threats, while continuing to enhance the quality of its human resources.
Decompression sickness followed by diabetic ketoacidosis and sepsis shock: an unusual case report
Authors:   Department of Intensive Care Unit, the General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Guangzhou 510000, China, Liu Anwei , Hou Xiaogan ,   Department of Intensive Care Unit, the General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Guangzhou 510000, China, Nie Jing N ,   Department of Medicine Intensive Care Unit, the General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Guangzhou 510000, China, Wen Qiang ,   Department of Intensive Care Unit, the General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Guangzhou 510000, China, Pan Zhiguo ,   Department of Intensive Care Unit, the General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Guangzhou 510000, China
Published: April 2024

Decompression sickness (DCS) is caused by abrupt changes in extracorporeal pressure with varying severity. Symptoms range from mild musculoskeletal pain to severe organ dysfunction and death, especially among patients with chronic underlying disease. Here, we report an unusual case of a 49-yearold man who experienced DCS after a dive to a depth of 38 meters. The patient’s symptoms progressed, starting with mild physical discomfort that progressed to disturbance of consciousness on the second morning. During hospitalization, we identified that in addition to DCS, he had also developed diabetic ketoacidosis, septic shock, and rhabdomyolysis. After carefully balancing the benefits and risks, we decided to provide supportive treatment to sustain vital signs, including ventilation support, sugarreducing therapy, fluid replacement, and anti-infection medications. We then administered delayed hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2 ) when his condition was stable. Ultimately, the patient recovered without any sequelae. This is the first case report of a diver suffering from DCS followed by diabetic ketoacidosis and septic shock. We have learned that when DCS and other critical illnesses are highly suspected, it is essential to assess the condition comprehensively and focus on the principal contradiction. Keywords: decompression sickness; diabetic ketoacidosis; hyperbaric oxygen; sepsis shock
Physical and Physiological Predictors Determining the Maximal Static Apnea Diving Time of Male Freedivers
Authors:   Department of Exercise Science, College of Health Science, the University of Suwon, 17 Wauan-gil, Bongdam-eup, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, 18323, South Korea, Lee Dal-Woo , Yang Hongwei ,   Department of Exercise Science, College of Health Science, the University of Suwon, 17 Wauan-gil, Bongdam-eup, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, 18323, South Korea, Ju Jeong-sun ,   Department of Exercise Science, College of Health Science, the University of Suwon, 17 Wauan-gil, Bongdam-eup, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, 18323, South Korea
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to investigate what factors determine freedivers' maximal static apnea dive time. We correlated some physical/physiological factors with male freedivers’ maximum apnea diving duration. Thirty-six experienced male freedivers participated in this study. The divers participated in two days of the experiments. On the first day, apnea diving time, blood oxygen saturation (SpO2 ), heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), stress index, and blood parameters were measured before, during, and after the apnea diving in the pool. On the second day, body composition, lung capacity, resting and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max), and the Wingate anaerobic power were measured in the laboratory. The data were analyzed with Pearson’s Correlation using the SPSS 22 program. The correlation coefficient (R) of determination was set at 0.4, and the level of significance was set at p<0.05. There were positive correlations of diving experience, maximum SpO2 , and lung capacity with the maximum apnea time R>0.4, P<0.05). There were negative correlations of BMI, body fat percentage, body fat mass, minimum SpO2 , stress index, and total cholesterol with the maximum apnea diving time (R>-0.4, P<0.05). No correlations of age, height, weight, fat-free mass, skeletal muscle mass, HR, BP, blood glucose, betahydroxybutyrate, lactate, and hemoglobin levels with the maximum apnea diving time were observed (R<0.4, P>0.05). It is concluded that more experience in freediving, reduced body fat, extended SpO2 range, and increased lung capacity are the performance p
Possible causes of morbidity and adverse outcomes of COVID-19 in vaccinated elderly patients
Authors: Kostinov M. P. , Zhang C. , Khrapunova I. A. , Raicic S. R. , Pechenik A. S. , Utkin V. A. , Loktionova M. N. , Linok A. V. , Simonova E. G. , Brazhnik V. A.
Published: April 2024

A prospective randomized observational study was conducted in cohorts of vaccinated and unvaccinated patients hospitalized in one of the Moscow hospitals and diagnozed with COVID-19 in the period from 06.23.2021 to 01.05.2022.

The purpose of the study was to identify the epidemiological features of COVID-19 in vaccinated people and to present scientifically based data on the need for vaccination and its importance in stopping the epidemic process.

Materials and Methods. The samples were studied in comparison for a number of indicators: age, clinical condition at admission, the presence and number of concomitant systemic chronic diseases as well as disease outcomes.

Results. It was proven that the risk of COVID-19 morbidity in vaccinated people decreased by 1.5 times, mortality by 1.5 times, and hospitalization due to the severity of the condition by 3.1 times. The mortality risk among vaccinated patients shifted to older age (76.9 years), while among unvaccinated patients, the mortality risk was higher for older people (73.7 years), which indicates an increase in life expectancy of vaccinated people.
Results of a comprehensive assessment of the health status of children after a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19)
Authors: Bogomolova I. K. , Babkin A. A. , Peregoedova V. N.
Published: April 2024

The inhabitants of the planet in the XXI century are experiencing a second pandemic. The new coronavirus SARSCoV-2 is distinguished not only by its ubiquitous spread, but also by the possibility of developing adverse outcomes, which does not cause anyone doubts today.

Aim. To present the dynamic characteristics of children’s health depending on the form of severity of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19).

Material and methods. A prospective single-center clinical study of the complex state of health of children hospitalized in a monoinfective hospital on the basis of the GUZ “City Clinical Hospital” was conducted. The observation included 86 convalescents of a new coronavirus infection aged 7 to 14 years. Dynamic monitoring was carried out for children for 1.5 years from the moment of infection with SARSCoV-2, control visits were performed 1, 6 and 18 months after the disease.

Results and discussion. According to the results of a comprehensive assessment of the health status of children after COVID-19, an increase in the number of registrations of recurrent upper and lower respiratory tract infections in convalescents of a moderate form of a new coronavirus infection was found. In 35 (41%) children after infection with SARSCoV-2, concomitant diseases were recorded, in contrast to 23 (26.7%) cases recorded before the pandemic. The structure of concomitant pathology in COVID-19 convalescents is represented by endocrine pathology in 30.2% of cases, in patients after moderate forms of the disease, the frequency of eating disorders (19.8%) increased by 2 times relative to the period before COVID-19, type 1 diabetes mellitus was first detected in 1 (1.2%) child. Diseases of the nervous system (20.9%) were 1.9 times more likely to be diagnosed after COVID-19. Diseases of the eye and its accessory apparatus were registered in 16.3% of children, more often after a moderate form of the disease. The number of cases of gastrointestinal pathology has not changed. Diseases of the respiratory system were recorded in 4.7% of patients, skin and subcutaneous tissue – 3.5% of the examined.

Conclusion. A comprehensive assessment of the health status of children after COVID-19 for 1.5 years allows us to establish a decrease in the response of the child’s macroorganism to acute respiratory infections, an increase in the number of registered comorbidities, the relationship between the severity of COVID-19 and its consequences for children.
Evaluation of the effectiveness and safety of interferon alpha-2b ointment and gel for prevention of acute respiratory infections in organized groups
Authors: Kozlov K. V. , Zhdanov K. V. , Maltsev O. V. , Kasyanenko K. , Sigidaev A. S. , Lyashenko Yu. I. , Kozlov S. S. , Sidorchuk S. N. , Saulevich A. V. , Sukachev V. S.
Published: April 2024

Relevance: the annual incidence of acute respiratory infections (ARI) is in the lead in the structure of infectious pathology in the Russian Federation. One of the main issues is the development of optimal strategies for prevention of these diseases in high-risk groups.

Aim: to evaluate the preventive and clinical efficacy as well as safety of various dosage forms of interferon alpha-2b in relation to ARI in young adults from organized groups.

Materials and methods: our study included 300 volunteers aged 18 to 20 years, 100 of them were prescribed interferon alpha-2b in the form of a gel in addition to non-specific methods for the prevention of ARVI, 100 participants received interferon alpha-2b in the form of an ointment, 100 participants did not receive antiviral drugs.

Results: the use of interferon alpha-2b ointment for prevention of ARI in organized groups significantly reduced the number of people who had ARVI and cases of ARI during the observation period. Among those who used interferon alpha2b no pneumonias occurred, the duration of hospitalization was statistically significantly reduced compared to the group of volunteers who used only non-specific prophylaxis methods. Participants who received interferon alpha-2b ointment had ARVI mainly in a mild form. No adverse events that could be associated with the use of the study drug were recorded during the observation period.

Conclusion: the use of interferon alpha-2b in the form of ointment showed preventive and clinical efficacy against ARI in young adults from organized groups.
Should tularemia be considered a particularly dangerous infection?
Authors: Rubis L. V.
Published: April 2024

Tularemia is a widespread bacterial zoonotic infection in the world, the causative agent of it in our country is classified as pathogenicity group 2, which corresponds to group 3 according to the international classification for laboratory services. F. tularensis is considered a potential agent of category A bioterrorism. The review presents current information about the causative agent of tularemia, the features of the clinical course of the infection and the incidence rate associated with its different subtypes. The possibilities of treatment and prevention of the disease are highlighted. The material is presented from the point of view of whether the infection meets the criteria for a particularly dangerous disease. The species includes 4 subspecies, of which only one, present only in some states of the United States and probably the evolutionarily oldest, is assessed as highly virulent. The subspecies most widespread on the European continent is classified as moderately virulent and causes diseases that do not meet the criteria for a particularly dangerous disease in terms of severe and mortality rate. There is a list of drugs that are quite effective against the causative agent of tularemia, provided they are prescribed in a timely manner. The incidence of tularemia in countries where it is registered does not exceed sporadic levels. However, a feature of the pathogen is plasticity in the external environment which determines the long-term preservation of the epizootic potential of natural foci. In some years large outbreaks of infection occur, often in the absence of visible risk factors. The possibilities of specific and nonspecific prevention are limited and can reduce the risk of infection of the population only with a timely, quick and adequate response to changing situations. In various countries work is underway to create vaccines on different technological platforms, but currently only Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan use the live attenuated vaccine. Although by wild strains is not a particularly dangerous disease, it requires close surveillance.