bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
-PERPENDICULAR WIDE SUBCATEGORIES
Authors: BUAN ASLAK BAKKE , HANSON ERIC J.
Published: August 2023

Let
$\Lambda $
be a finite-dimensional algebra. A wide subcategory of
$\mathsf {mod}\Lambda $
is called left finite if the smallest torsion class containing it is functorially finite. In this article, we prove that the wide subcategories of
$\mathsf {mod}\Lambda $
arising from
$\tau $
-tilting reduction are precisely the Serre subcategories of left-finite wide subcategories. As a consequence, we show that the class of such subcategories is closed under further
$\tau $
-tilting reduction. This leads to a natural way to extend the definition of the “
$\tau $
-cluster morphism category” of
$\Lambda $
to arbitrary finite-dimensional algebras. This category was recently constructed by Buan–Marsh in the
$\tau $
-tilting finite case and by Igusa–Todorov in the hereditary case.
Bodies and Spaces: Citizenship as Claims-Making in Germany, 1942–1949
Authors: Ross Nadine I.
Published: August 2023

In 1935, the Nazi Party promulgated the Reich citizenship law, which, to protect the purity of the Volksgemeinschaft, denaturalized numerous people who perceived themselves as German. Despite this perceived threat to the national body, the Third Reich drafted some mixed-race men to serve in the Wehrmacht during World War II. Traditionally, scholars have focused their studies of mixed-race veterans on the so-called Jewish Mischlinge who served in the Wehrmacht. This article expands the aperture by examining the oral history testimony of Hans Hauck, a Black German Wehrmacht veteran whose wartime experiences present a complex story of a man who claimed to be German despite legal structures and normative ideals about Germanness that excluded him. Drawing on Hauck's oral history testimonies regarding two periods of his military service, I argue that Hauck used his body, symbols, and physical spaces to seek recognition as a legitimate claimant of Germanness.
James Reid (1795?–1850?)
Authors: Schuster Frank M.
Published: August 2023

Much has been written about the so-called Franklin expedition (1845–52?), but not about the master mariners, who joined as “Greenland pilots,” as experienced whaling masters on Royal Navy expeditions were usually called in the 19th century. Having been on no Royal Navy expeditions before, next to nothing was known about Scottish whaling master James Reid, the ice master of HMS Erebus in Franklin’s expedition. Putting together all the available biographical information about him for the first time, the goal of this article is not only to tell who he was but also to tell how and why he joined the expedition, and as far as this is possible to say – what he experienced in its course.
Determinants of measles persistence in Beijing, China: A modelling study
Authors: Chen Jianjiu , Zhang Wenyi , Wang Yong , Yang Wan
Published: August 2023

In Beijing, the capital of China, routine measles mass vaccination has been in place for decades with high coverage; and since the 2000s, catch-up vaccination programmes have been implemented for migrant workers coming to the city. However, measles epidemics in Beijing persisted. Here, we explored the contributing factors of persistent measles transmission in Beijing using an epidemic model in conjunction with a particle filter. Model inputs included data on birth, death, migration, and vaccination. We formulated a series of hypotheses covering the impact of migrant influx, early waning of maternal immunity, and increased mixing among infants; we compared the plausibility of the hypotheses based on model fit to age-grouped, weekly measles incidence data from January 2005 to December 2014, and out-of-fit prediction during 2015–2019. Our best models showed close agreement with the data, and the out-of-fit prediction generally captured the trend of measles incidence from 2015 to 2019. We found that large influx of migrants with considerably higher susceptibility likely contributed to the persistent measles transmission in Beijing. Our findings suggest that stronger catch-up vaccination programmes for migrants may help eliminate measles transmission in Beijing.
The role of family functioning, attachment style, and care setting on pre-loss grief symptoms and burden in caregivers of terminally cancer patients
Authors: Lai Carlo , Ciacchella Chiara , Pellicano Gaia Romana , Veneziani Giorgio , Polo Valentina , Campedelli Virginia , Tineri Marco , Lombardo Luigi
Published: August 2023

Objectives

The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to investigate the associations between caregivers’ attachment styles, family functioning, the care setting and pre-loss grief symptoms, the burden, and the caregivers’ belief of patients’ awareness of the terminal cancer diagnosis.

Methods

A total of 101 caregivers of patients with terminal cancer in residential hospice care and home care were interviewed and completed self-report questionnaires.

Results

Insecure attachment style and home care setting were associated with worse psychological effects in caregivers of patients with terminal cancer. Moreover, family cohesion can promote low social burden and the patient’s awareness of their terminal condition.

Significance of results

This study highlighted the importance of evaluating the caregiver’s attachment style, family functioning, and the setting of care during the terminal phase of the patient’s life. These findings will be useful to planning interventions to prevent burden and the pre-loss grief symptoms in the caregivers.
A CMA‐ES Algorithm Allowing for Random Parameters in Model Calibration
Authors: Sauerland Volkmar , von Hallern Claudine , Kriest Iris , Getzlaff Julia
Published: August 2023

In geoscience and other fields, researchers use models as a simplified representation of reality. The models include processes that often rely on uncertain parameters that reduce model performance in reflecting real‐world processes. The problem is commonly addressed by adapting parameter values to reach a good match between model simulations and corresponding observations. Different optimization tools have been successfully applied to address this task of model calibration. However, seeking one best value for every single model parameter might not always be optimal. For example, if model equations integrate over multiple real‐world processes which cannot be fully resolved, it might be preferable to consider associated model parameters as random parameters. In this paper, a random parameter is drawn from a wide probability distribution for every singe model simulation. We developed an optimization approach that allows us to declare certain parameters random while optimizing those that are assumed to take fixed values. We designed a corresponding variant of the well known Covariance Matrix Adaption Evolution Strategy (CMA‐ES). The new algorithm was applied to a global biogeochemical circulation model to quantify the impact of zooplankton mortality on the underlying biogeochemistry. Compared to the deterministic CMA‐ES, our new method converges to a solution that better suits the credible range of the corresponding random parameter with less computational effort.
Negligible Impact on Precipitation From a Permanent Inland Lake in Central Australia
Authors: Yang Zhiyuan , Ryu Dongryeol , Lo Min‐Hui , Peel Murray C. , Narsey Sugata Y. , McColl Kaighin A.
Published: August 2023

For over a century, numerous proposals for increasing available water in central Australia have been raised, inspired in part by the natural occurrence of the ephemeral lake, Kati Thanda‐Lake Eyre. It has also been proposed that additional rainfall generated by the lake would spread beyond the lake itself, potentially opening up large tracts of uncultivated land to dryland agriculture. Here we use a climate model to examine how adding a permanent lake to Australia's arid center might influence local and regional precipitation. Locally, evaporative cooling from the lake increases low‐level divergence, suppressing precipitation. Regionally, additional moisture from the lake is spread thinly over the Australian continent, resulting in little change to total precipitation. Overall, our results do not support the assertion that maintaining a large inland lake like Kati Thanda‐Lake Eyre in central Australia would significantly increase precipitation, either locally or regionally.
On the Genesis of the 2021 Atlantic Niño
Authors: Lee Sang‐Ki , Lopez Hosmay , Tuchen Franz Philip , Kim Dongmin , Foltz Gregory R. , Wittenberg Andrew T.
Published: August 2023

An extreme Atlantic Niño developed in the boreal summer of 2021 with peak‐season sea surface temperature anomalies exceeding 1°C in the eastern equatorial region for the first time since global satellite measurements began in the early 1970s. Here, we show that the development of this outlier event was preconditioned by a series of oceanic Rossby waves that reflected at the South American coast into downwelling equatorial Kelvin waves. In early May, an intense week‐long westerly wind burst (WWB) event, driven by the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO), developed in the western and central equatorial Atlantic and greatly amplified one of the reflected Kelvin waves, directly initiating the 2021 Atlantic Niño. MJO‐driven WWBs are fundamental to the development of El Niño in the Pacific but are a previously unidentified driver for Atlantic Niño. Their importance for the 2021 event suggests that they may serve as a useful predictor/precursor for future Atlantic Niño events.
Magnetosonic ULF Waves With Anomalous Plasma–Magnetic Field Correlations: Standing Waves and Inhomogeneous Plasmas
Authors: Archer M. O. , Southwood D. J. , Hartinger M. D. , Rastätter L. , Nykyri K.
Published: August 2023

Ultra‐low frequency (ULF) wave observations across the heliosphere often rely on the sign of correlations between plasma (density/pressure) and magnetic field perturbations to distinguish between fast and slow magnetosonic modes. However, the assumptions behind this magnetohydrodynamic result are not always valid, particularly within the magnetosphere which is inhomogeneous and supports standing waves along the geomagnetic field. Through theory and a global simulation, we find both effects can result in anomalous plasma–magnetic field correlations. The interference pattern in standing waves can lead both body and surface magnetosonic waves to have different cross‐phases than their constituent propagating waves. Furthermore, if the scale of gradients in the background are shorter than the wavelength or the waves are near‐incompressible, then advection by the wave of inhomogeneities can overcome the wave's inherent sense of compression. These effects need to be allowed for and taken into account when applying the typical diagnostic to observations.
Cryo-EM structure of the nucleocapsid-like assembly of respiratory syncytial virus
Authors: Wang Yan , Zhang Chong , Luo Yongbo , Ling Xiaobin , Luo Bingnan , Jia Guowen , Su Dan , Dong Haohao , Su Zhaoming
Published: August 2023

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a nonsegmented, negative strand RNA virus that has caused severe lower respiratory tract infections of high mortality rates in infants and the elderly, yet no effective vaccine or antiviral therapy is available. The RSV genome encodes the nucleoprotein (N) that forms helical assembly to encapsulate and protect the RNA genome from degradation, and to serve as a template for transcription and replication. Previous crystal structure revealed a decameric ring architecture of N in complex with the cellular RNA (N-RNA) of 70 nucleotides (70-nt), whereas cryo-ET reconstruction revealed a low-resolution left-handed filament, in which the crystal monomer structure was docked with the helical symmetry applied to simulate a nucleocapsid-like assembly of RSV. However, the molecular details of RSV nucleocapsid assembly remain unknown, which continue to limit our complete understanding of the critical interactions involved in the nucleocapsid and antiviral development that may target this essential process during the viral life cycle. Here we resolve the near-atomic cryo-EM structure of RSV N-RNA that represents roughly one turn of the helical assembly that unveils critical interaction interfaces of RSV nucleocapsid and may facilitate development of RSV antiviral therapy.
Conversion of steppe to cropland increases spatial heterogeneity of soil functional genes
Authors: Liu Junjie , Guo Yaping , Gu Haidong , Liu Zhuxiu , Hu Xiaojing , Yu Zhenhua , Li Yansheng , Li Lujun , Sui Yueyu , Jin Jian , Liu Xiaobing , Adams Jonathan M , Wang Guanghua
Published: August 2023

The microbiome function responses to land use change are important for the long-term prediction and management of soil ecological functions under human influence. However, it has remains uncertain how the biogeographic patterns of soil functional composition change when transitioning from natural steppe soils (NS) to agricultural soils (AS). We collected soil samples from adjacent pairs of AS and NS across 900 km of Mollisol areas in northeast China, and the soil functional composition was characterized using shotgun sequencing. AS had higher functional alpha-diversity indices with respect to KO trait richness and a higher Shannon index than NS. The distance-decay slopes of functional gene composition were steeper in AS than in NS along both spatial and environmental gradients. Land-use conversion from steppe to farmland diversified functional gene profiles both locally and spatially; it increased the abundances of functional genes related to labile carbon, but decreased those related to recalcitrant substrate mobilization (e.g., lignin), P cycling, and S cycling. The composition of gene functional traits was strongly driven by stochastic processes, while the degree of stochasticity was higher in NS than in AS, as revealed by the neutral community model and normalized stochasticity ratio analysis. Alpha-diversity of core functional genes was strongly related to multi-nutrient cycling in AS, suggesting a key relationship to soil fertility. The results of this study challenge the paradigm that the conversion of natural to agricultural habitat will homogenize soil properties and biology while reducing local and regional gene functional diversity.
Double-edged roles of ferroptosis in endometriosis and endometriosis-related infertility
Authors: Li Yangshuo , He Yalun , Cheng Wen , Zhou Zhihao , Ni Zhexin , Yu Chaoqin
Published: August 2023

Endometriosis is strongly associated with infertility. Several mechanisms have been reported in an attempt to elucidate the pathophysiological effects that lead to reduced fertility in women with endometriosis. However, the mechanisms by which endometriosis affects fertility have not been fully elucidated. Ferroptosis is a novel form of nonapoptotic cell death that is characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation membrane damage. In past reports, elevated iron levels in ectopic lesions, peritoneal fluid and follicular fluid have been reported in patients with endometriosis. The high-iron environment is closely associated with ferroptosis, which appears to exhibit a double-edged effect on endometriosis. Ferroptosis can cause damage to ovarian granulosa cells, oocytes, and embryos, leading to endometriosis-related infertility. This article summarizes the main pathways and regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis and explores the possible mechanisms of the formation of an iron-overloaded environment in endometriotic ectopic lesions, peritoneal fluid and follicular fluid. Finally, we reviewed recent studies on the main and potential mechanisms of ferroptosis in endometriosis and endometriosis-related infertility.
Replica higher-order topology of Hofstadter butterflies in twisted bilayer graphene
Authors: Kim Sun-Woo , Jeon Sunam , Park Moon Jip , Kim Youngkuk
Published: August 2023

The Hofstadter energy spectrum of twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) is found to have recursive higher-order topological properties. We demonstrate that higher-order topological insulator (HOTI) phases, characterized by localized corner states, occur as replicas of the original HOTIs to fulfill the self-similarity of the Hofstadter spectrum. We show the existence of exact flux translational symmetry in TBG at all commensurate angles. Based on this result, we identify that the original HOTI phase at zero flux is re-entrant at a half-flux periodicity, where the effective twofold rotation is preserved. In addition, numerous replicas of the original HOTIs are found for fluxes without protecting symmetries. Like the original HOTIs, replica HOTIs feature both localized corner states and edge-localized real-space topological markers. The replica HOTIs originate from the different interaction scales, namely, intralayer and interlayer couplings, in TBG. The topological aspect of Hofstadter butterflies revealed in our results highlights symmetry-protected topology in quantum fractals.
High-throughput study of the anomalous Hall effect
Authors: Železný Jakub , Yahagi Yuta , Gomez-Olivella Carles , Zhang Yang , Sun Yan
Published: August 2023

Despite its long history, the anomalous Hall continues to attract attention due to its complex origins, its connection to topology, and its use as a probe of magnetic order. In this work we investigate the anomalous Hall effect in 2871 ferromagnetic materials using an automatic high-throughput calculation scheme. We analyze general properties of the effect, such as its reliance on spin-orbit coupling strength and magnetization. In materials with the largest anomalous Hall effect, we find that symmetry-protected band degeneracies in the non-relativistic electronic structure, such as mirror symmetry-protected nodal lines, are typically responsible for the large effect. Furthermore, we examine the dependence of the anomalous Hall effect on magnetization direction and demonstrate deviations from the commonly assumed expression jAHE ~ M × E.
Conference key agreement in a quantum network
Authors: Pickston Alexander , Ho Joseph , Ulibarrena Andrés , Grasselli Federico , Proietti Massimiliano , Morrison Christopher L. , Barrow Peter , Graffitti Francesco , Fedrizzi Alessandro
Published: August 2023

Quantum conference key agreement (QCKA) allows multiple users to establish a secure key from a shared multi-partite entangled state. In a quantum network, this protocol can be efficiently implemented using a single copy of a N-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state to distil a secure N-user conference key bit, whereas up to N-1 entanglement pairs are consumed in the traditional pair-wise protocol. We demonstrate the advantage provided by GHZ states in a testbed consisting of a photonic six-user quantum network, where four users can distil either a GHZ state or the required number of Bell pairs for QCKA using network routing techniques. In the asymptotic limit, we report a more than two-fold enhancement of the conference key rate when comparing the two protocols. We extrapolate our data set to show that the resource advantage for the GHZ protocol persists when taking into account finite-key effects.
Magnetism and berry phase manipulation in an emergent structure of perovskite ruthenate by (111) strain engineering
Authors: Ding Zhaoqing , Chen Xuejiao , Wang Zhenzhen , Zhang Qinghua , Yang Fang , Bi Jiachang , Lin Ting , Wang Zhen , Wu Xiaofeng , Gu Minghui , Meng Meng , Cao Yanwei , Gu Lin , Zhang Jiandi , Zhong Zhicheng , Liu Xiaoran , Guo Jiandong
Published: August 2023

The interplay among symmetry of lattices, electronic correlations, and Berry phase of the Bloch states in solids has led to fascinating quantum phases of matter. A prototypical system is the magnetic Weyl candidate SrRuO3, where designing and creating electronic and topological properties on artificial lattice geometry is highly demanded yet remains elusive. Here, we establish an emergent trigonal structure of SrRuO3 by means of heteroepitaxial strain engineering along the [111] crystallographic axis. Distinctive from bulk, the trigonal SrRuO3 exhibits a peculiar XY-type ferromagnetic ground state, with the coexistence of high-mobility holes likely from linear Weyl bands and low-mobility electrons from normal quadratic bands as carriers. The presence of Weyl nodes are further corroborated by capturing intrinsic anomalous Hall effect, acting as momentum-space sources of Berry curvatures. The experimental observations are consistent with our first-principles calculations, shedding light on the detailed band topology of trigonal SrRuO3 with multiple pairs of Weyl nodes near the Fermi level. Our findings signify the essence of magnetism and Berry phase manipulation via lattice design and pave the way towards unveiling nontrivial correlated topological phenomena.
A systematic safety pipeline for selection of T-cell receptors to enter clinical use
Authors: Foldvari Zsofia , Knetter Cathrine , Yang Weiwen , Gjerdingen Thea Johanne , Bollineni Ravi Chand , Tran Trung The , Lund-Johansen Fridtjof , Kolstad Arne , Drousch Kimberley , Klopfleisch Robert , Leisegang Matthias , Olweus Johanna
Published: August 2023

Cancer immunotherapy using T cell receptor-engineered T cells (TCR-Ts) represents a promising treatment option. However, technologies for pre-clinical safety assessment are incomplete or inaccessible to most laboratories. Here, TCR-T off-target reactivity was assessed in five steps: (1) Mapping target amino acids necessary for TCR-T recognition, followed by (2) a computational search for, and (3) reactivity screening against, candidate cross-reactive peptides in the human proteome. Natural processing and presentation of recognized peptides was evaluated using (4) short mRNAs, and (5) full-length proteins. TCR-Ts were screened for recognition of unintended HLA alleles, and as proxy for off-target reactivity in vivo, a syngeneic, HLA-A*02:01-transgenic mouse model was used. Validation demonstrated importance of studying recognition of full-length candidate off-targets, and that the clinically applied 1G4 TCR has a hitherto unknown reactivity to unintended HLA alleles, relevant for patient selection. This widely applicable strategy should facilitate evaluation of candidate therapeutic TCRs and inform clinical decision-making.
Chinese electricity-focused input-output dataset with detailed coal power and alternative energy for 2018
Authors: Liang Yunsong , Zhang Yuning , Wang Yanhua , Zhang Hongxia , Wang Ke , Chen Zhanming
Published: August 2023

The electricity-focused input-output model is a popular approach for analysing the socio-economic and environmental impacts of electricity decarbonisation policies; however, it cannot be built directly owing to a lack of data on electricity technology. Here, we provide the Chinese electricity-focused input-output dataset, which characterises the production and distribution of 14 electricity subsectors. Based on the official input-output table for China in 2018, we disaggregate the original electricity sector by referring to macro data from statistics departments and our micro data on the unit-level cost information of China’s coal power. This is China’s most recent electricity-focused input-output dataset, featuring novel improvements in sub-electricity identification, especially mapping six detailed coal power sources and six alternative power sources. The Chinese electricity-focused input-output dataset can be used as the baseline for extensive satellite account compilation, allowing for a variety of in-depth studies on footprint analysis and policy simulations related to China’s electricity transition.
Deep learning for automated materials characterisation in core-loss electron energy loss spectroscopy
Authors: Annys Arno , Jannis Daen , Verbeeck Johan
Published: August 2023

Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) is a well established technique in electron microscopy that yields information on the elemental content of a sample in a very direct manner. One of the persisting limitations of EELS is the requirement for manual identification of core-loss edges and their corresponding elements. This can be especially bothersome in spectrum imaging, where a large amount of spectra are recorded when spatially scanning over a sample area. This paper introduces a synthetic dataset with 736,000 labeled EELS spectra, computed from available generalized oscillator strength tables, that represents 107 K, L, M or N core-loss edges and 80 chemical elements. Generic lifetime broadened peaks are used to mimic the fine structure due to band structure effects present in experimental core-loss edges. The proposed dataset is used to train and evaluate a series of neural network architectures, being a multilayer perceptron, a convolutional neural network, a U-Net, a residual neural network, a vision transformer and a compact convolutional transformer. An ensemble of neural networks is used to further increase performance. The ensemble network is used to demonstrate fully automated elemental mapping in a spectrum image, both by directly mapping the predicted elemental content and by using the predicted content as input for a physical model-based mapping.
Twist angle dependent interlayer transfer of valley polarization from excitons to free charge carriers in WSe2/MoSe2 heterobilayers
Authors: Volmer Frank , Ersfeld Manfred , Faria Junior Paulo E. , Waldecker Lutz , Parashar Bharti , Rathmann Lars , Dubey Sudipta , Cojocariu Iulia , Feyer Vitaliy , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Schneider Claus M. , Plucinski Lukasz , Stampfer Christoph , Fabian Jaroslav , Beschoten Bernd
Published: August 2023

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted much attention in the fields of valley- and spintronics due to their property of forming valley-polarized excitons when illuminated by circularly polarized light. In TMD-heterostructures it was shown that these electron-hole pairs can scatter into valley-polarized interlayer exciton states, which exhibit long lifetimes and a twist-angle dependence. However, the question how to create a valley polarization of free charge carriers in these heterostructures after a valley selective optical excitation is unexplored, despite its relevance for opto-electronic devices. Here, we identify an interlayer transfer mechanism in twisted WSe2/MoSe2 heterobilayers that transfers the valley polarization from excitons in WSe2 to free charge carriers in MoSe2 with valley lifetimes of up to 12 ns. This mechanism is most efficient at large twist angles, whereas the valley lifetimes of free charge carriers are surprisingly short for small twist angles, despite the occurrence of interlayer excitons.
Using macromolecular electron densities to improve the enrichment of active compounds in virtual screening
Authors: Ma Wenzhi , Zhang Wei , Le Yuan , Shi Xiaoxuan , Xu Qingbo , Xiao Yang , Dou Yueying , Wang Xiaoman , Zhou Wenbiao , Peng Wei , Zhang Hongbo , Huang Bo
Published: August 2023

The quest for effective virtual screening algorithms is hindered by the scarcity of training data, calling for innovative approaches. This study presents the use of experimental electron density (ED) data for improving active compound enrichment in virtual screening, supported by ED’s ability to reflect the time-averaged behavior of ligands and solvents in the binding pocket. Experimental ED-based grid matching score (ExptGMS) was developed to score compounds by measuring the degree of matching between their binding conformations and a series of multi-resolution experimental ED grids. The efficiency of ExptGMS was validated using both in silico tests with the Directory of Useful Decoys-Enhanced dataset and wet-lab tests on Covid-19 3CLpro-inhibitors. ExptGMS improved the active compound enrichment in top-ranked molecules by approximately 20%. Furthermore, ExptGMS identified four active inhibitors of 3CLpro, with the most effective showing an IC50 value of 1.9 µM. We also developed an online database containing experimental ED grids for over 17,000 proteins to facilitate the use of ExptGMS for academic users.
How can pacific island countries meet their nationally determined contributions?
Authors: Park Susan , Owens Katherine , Summerfield-Ryan Oliver , Taylor Madeline , Ulloa Ana Maria , Viney Gemma
Published: August 2023

Pacific Island Countries (PICs) advocate for greenhouse gas emissions reductions but face many barriers in transitioning from fossil fuels. Despite these obstacles, PICs aim to shift to renewable energy to meet ambitious Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). Research suggests that this is limited by state and regulatory capacity, market structures, and access to finance. While these problems are salient, this article argues that discussions remain overly focused on technical solutions. We argue that socio-cultural factors also hinder the transition, including international actors conducting program and project development in the Pacific that insufficiently reflect local context. Drawing on recent decarbonisation policy and renewable energy project examples we argue that PICs are more likely to meet their NDC targets if the transition is fostered through cultural practices for deliberative decision making, such as Talanoa, Talanga, and community-based approaches. Such practices will deliver maximum benefits to communities and ensure a just and sustainable transition.
Active Site-directed Enzyme Inhibitors
Authors: Zheng Weiping
Published: August 2023

Our biological system is enriched with enzyme-catalyzed (or enzymatic) reactions that mediate a great multitude of life processes such as gene transcription and metabolism, and the inappropriately up-regulated activity of these enzymatic reactions is a major cause of human diseases such as cancer and metabolic diseases. Therefore, the inhibitors of enzymatic reactions (generally called enzyme inhibitors) constitute a major class of therapeutic agents on the global drug market. One question would then be how to efficiently design enzyme inhibitors. This handbook is the first of its kind in the field, introducing to its readers in a single book the concepts whose exploitation has been demonstrated to be successful in efficiently furnishing effective active site-directed inhibitors for various enzymatic reactions.

The book is organized by different concepts and for each concept there is a delineation of its mode of working and its applications with different types of enzymatic reactions. Active Site-directed Enzyme Inhibitors will help its readers to quickly and efficiently obtain effective active site-directed inhibitors for any of the enzymatic reactions under study without a need to resort to library screening- and biostructure-based techniques. This handbook is ideal as an immediate resource for researchers to consult or for students to supplement their study in medicinal chemistry and related courses.
Two near-infrared phosphorescent iridium(iii) complexes for the detection of GSH and photodynamic therapy
Authors: Tu Rui , Liu Jie , Chen Weibin , Fu Fengfu , Li Mei-Jin
Published: August 2023

Two near-infrared emitting iridium(iii) complexes containing a novel ligand were designed and synthesized for highly sensitive and rapid recognition for GSH, imaging analysis of GSH in living cells and GSH-guided photodynamic therapy in cancer treatment.
A database to select affordable MOFs for volumetric hydrogen cryoadsorption considering the cost of their linkers
Authors: Villajos Jose A. , Bienert Martin , Gugin Nikita , Emmerling Franziska , Maiwald Michael
Published: August 2023

Selection of economically feasible MOFs among 3500 structures potentially useful for volumetric H2 cryostorage, made from industrially relevant metals and identifying the most affordable organic linkers.
Characterizing polyproline II conformational change of collagen superhelix unit on adsorption on gold surface
Authors: Li Yuntao , Yang Jinrong , He Xiao
Published: August 2023

The dynamic process of protein binding onto a metal surface is a frequent occurrence as gold nanoparticles are increasingly being used in biomedical applications, including wound treatment and drug transport.
Correction: Robust superhydrophobic and self-lubricating PTES-TiO2@UHMWPE fabric and its tribological properties
Authors: Li Deke , Guo Zhiguang
Published: August 2023

Correction for ‘Robust superhydrophobic and self-lubricating PTES-TiO2@UHMWPE fabric and its tribological properties’ by Deke Li et al., RSC Adv., 2017, 7, 9169–9175, https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA28255E.
Efficient photocatalytic degradation of ultra-high concentration printing and dyeing wastewater using a SiO2/GCN nanocomposite
Authors: Zhu Jinyuan , Zhu Yingying , Zhou Yifan , Li Chaoran , Chen Geng , Li Xinbao
Published: August 2023

An efficient photocatalyst utilizing a nanocomposite of SiO2 and graphitic carbon nitride for the treatment of highly concentrated printing and dyeing wastewater was developed. Photodegradation of RhB at a concentration of 300 mg L−1 was achieved without adsorbent materials.
Understanding the lithiation mechanism of Li2O-doped spinel high-entropy oxides as anode materials for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Ma Guozhe , Zheng Yu , Meng Fanbo , Hu Renzong
Published: August 2023

This work proposes an Li2O-doping strategy for improving the lithium storage ability of a high-entropy oxide, and its lithiation process is investigated in detail, which may promote the further development of high-entropy oxide anodes.
Placental syndromes and maternal cardiovascular health
Authors: Casey Helen , Dennehy Natalie , Fraser Abigail , Lees Christoph , McEniery Carmel M. , Scott Kayley , Wilkinson Ian B. , Delles Christian
Published: August 2023

The placental syndromes gestational hypertension, preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction are associated with an increased cardiovascular risk to the mother later in life. In this review, we argue that a woman’s pre-conception cardiovascular health drives both the development of placental syndromes and long-term cardiovascular risk but acknowledge that placental syndromes can also contribute to future cardiovascular risk independent of pre-conception health. We describe how preclinical studies in models of preeclampsia inform our understanding of the links with later cardiovascular disease, and how current pre-pregnancy studies may explain relative contributions of both pre-conception factors and the occurrence of placental syndromes to long-term cardiovascular disease.
The potential of VLTI observations for the study of circumstellar disk variability
Authors: Bensberg A. , Kobus J. , Wolf S.
Published: August 2023

Context. A characteristic feature of young stellar objects is their variability, which is caused by a variety of different physical processes. High-resolution interferometric observations in the near- and mid-infrared wavelength ranges spanning multiple epochs allow the detailed study of these processes.

Aims. We aim at investigating the expected variations of the interferometric observables connected to changes in the measured photometric fluxes of a typical variable accreting central young stellar object with a circumstellar disk.

Methods. We calculated visibilities and closure phases as well as the photometric flux of brightness distributions obtained using 3D Monte Carlo radiative transfer simulations for a model of a circumstellar disk with an accreting central star.

Results. Changes in the accretion luminosity of the central object, that is, an accreting pre-main-sequence star, can lead to significant variations in the visibility and closure phase of the star-disk system measured with instruments at the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) that can be related to changes in the photometric flux. Taking into account additional effects due to baseline variation, interferometric observations can provide valuable contributions to the understanding of the underlying processes. Additionally, we provide the web application VLTI B-VAR that allows the impact of the hour angle on the visibility and closure phase for customized intensity maps to be estimated.
Mitigating potentially hazardous asteroid impacts revisited
Authors: Regály Zs. , Fröhlich V. , Berczik P.
Published: August 2023

Contact. Potentially hazardous asteroids (PHA) in Earth-crossing orbits pose a constant threat to life on Earth. Several mitigation methods have been proposed, and the most feasible technique appears to be the disintegration of the impactor and the generation of a fragment cloud by explosive penetrators at interception. However, mitigation analyses tend to neglect the effect of orbital dynamics on the trajectory of fragments.

Aims. We aim to study the effect of orbital dynamics of the impactor’s cloud on the number of fragments that hit the Earth, assuming different interception dates. We investigate the effect of self-gravitational cohesion and the axial rotation of the impactor.

Methods. We computed the orbits of 105 fragments with a high-precision direct N-body integrator of the eighth order, running on GPUs. We considered orbital perturbations from all large bodies in the Solar System and the self-gravity of the cloud fragments.

Results. Using a series of numerical experiments, we show that orbital shear causes the fragment cloud to adopt the shape of a triaxial ellipsoid. The shape and alignment of the triaxial ellipsoid are strongly modulated by the cloud’s orbital trajectory and, hence, the impact cross-section of the cloud with respect to the Earth. Therefore, the number of fragments hitting the Earth is strongly influenced by the orbit of the impactor and the time of interception. A minimum number of impacts occur for a well-defined orientation of the impactor rotational axis, depending on the date of interception.

Conclusions. To minimise the lethal consequences of an PHA’s impact, a well-constrained interception timing is necessary. A too-early interception may not be ideal for PHAs in the Apollo or Aten groups. Thus, we find that the best time to intercept PHA is when it is at the pericentre of its orbit.
The first two-dimensional stellar structure and evolution models of rotating stars
Authors: Mombarg J. S. G. , Rieutord M. , Espinosa Lara F.
Published: August 2023

Contact. Rotation is a key ingredient in the theory of stellar structure and evolution. Until now, stellar evolution codes operate in a one-dimensional framework for which the validity domain in regards to the rotation rate is not well understood.

Aims. In this Letter, we present the first results of self-consistent stellar models in two spatial dimensions, which compute the time evolution of a star and its rotation rate along the main sequence (MS). We also present a comparison to observations.

Methods. We make use of an extended version of the ESTER code, which solves the stellar structure of a rotating star in two dimensions with time evolution, including chemical evolution, and an implementation of rotational mixing. We computed evolution tracks for a 12 M⊙ model, once for an initial rotation rate equal to 15% of the critical frequency, and once for 50%.

Results. We first show that our model initially rotating at 15% of the critical frequency is able to reproduce all the observations of the β Cephei star HD 192575, which was recently studied with asteroseismology. Beyond the classical surface parameters, such as effective temperature or luminosity, our model also reproduces the core mass along with the rotation rate of the core and envelope at the estimated age of the star. This particular model also shows that the meridional circulation has a negligible influence on the transport of chemical elements such as nitrogen, for which the abundance may be increased at the stellar surface. Furthermore, it shows that in the late MS, nuclear evolution is faster than the relaxation time needed to reach a steady state of stellar angular momentum distribution.

Conclusions. We demonstrate that we have successfully taken a new step towards two-dimensional evolutionary modelling of rotating stars. This opens new perspectives on the understanding of the dynamics of fast rotating stars and on the way rotation impacts stellar evolution.
Rayleigh angle incident ultrasonic beam shape design influence on reflected beam
Authors: Declercq Nico F.
Published: August 2023

Current evolutions in transducer design, such as phased arrays, but more importantly, metamaterials-based acoustic lenses, potentially enable generating specific beam shapes earlier unconsidered. It is known that the Schoch effect, when a bounded incident beam on a submerged solid reflects at the Rayleigh angle, depends on the beam width and the frequency. This work numerically explores the consequence of the shape of such beams on the Schoch effect and invites further experimental work. The study investigates square shapes and beams with exponential flanks compared to Gaussian reference profiles and incorporates diffraction upon sound propagation to resemble reality better. It is shown that stunning differences occur depending on the beam shape, particularly for square beams.
Factors increase in background radiation at uranium production facilities
Authors: Allaberganova Gulchekhra , Pulatov Xayrullo , Urunov Isokul , Muzafarov Amrullo
Published: August 2023

This article presents the results of a study of the relationship between the increase in the radiation background in uranium production facilities and the coefficient of radioactive equilibrium between the radionuclides of the uranium decay chain. A theoretical calculation formula for the mixing of daughter radionuclides is given and, based on this formula; the mixing distance between daughter radionuclides in the uranium decay chain is calculated. It has been established that the reason for the increase in the radiation background in uranium production facilities is the violation of the radioactive equilibrium between radionuclides.
Study of burnup process in the VVER-1200 reactor with plutonium refueling options
Authors: Tuymurodov Dilmurod , Tuymuradov Abror , Palvanov Satimboy , Ramazonov Asror , Ashurov Sindor , Mamayusupova Mukadas , Khamidov Tursunali
Published: August 2023

This paper aims to investigate and compare the burnup processes of the VVER-1200 reactor fueled with reactor-grade and weapon-grade plutonium mixed with depleted uranium (MOX) through simulation with the GETERA code. The burnup calculation was performed using a unit fuel cell model, taking into account the center hole of the fuel pellet and the gas gap between the fuel and the cladding. The number of reloads for all cases was calculated. The infinite multiplication factor versus burnup graphs, as well as the behaviors of isotopes under all conditions, have been obtained and studied. The graphs of the infinite multiplication factor versus burnup and the behaviors of isotopes for all cases were obtained and analyzed. The results showed closing the VVER-1200 fuel cycle can be achieved by using MOX fuel.
Study of the material composition to develop a rational technology for the enrichment of porphyry copper ores from the Yoshlik I and Kalmakyr deposits
Authors: Jumaeva Kholida , Yakubov Mahmudjon , Khamidullaev Bakhrom , Nurmukhamedov Ibrokhim , Badalov Feruz
Published: August 2023

The task of the tests was to study the material composition in order to develop a rational technology for the enrichment of porphyry copper balance and off-balance ores of the Yoshlik I and Kalmakyr deposits to obtain collective, copper- and molybdenum-containing concentrates, finished products in the form of copper, molybdenum and pyrite concentrates. The material composition of ore samples was studied using spectral, chemical, assay, granulometric, phase, rational for gold and silver, mineralogical, and other types of analyses. Due to the absence of significant bonds of gold with pyrite, there is no expediency to carry out extensive studies of the hydrometallurgical processing of pyrite concentrates. It is possible to set up a basic experiment to determine the proportion of cyanidated gold. When processing ore raw materials enriched by flotation, not only various flotation reagents-collectors, technological parameters, but also the grinding size and material composition of the ore are important for obtaining a concentrate, since grinding the ore to the required size is about half the cost of obtaining a concentrate.
Investigation of the patterns of collapse formation and determination of optimal parameters of the retaining wall during mass explosions at quarries
Authors: Umarov Farxod , Nasirov Utkir , Zairov Sherzod , Ishankhodjaev Zokirkhodja , Mekhmonov Maqsud , Fatkhiddinov Asliddin
Published: August 2023

The paper describes methods developed to determine the change in the width and height of the collapse of blasted rocks, as well as the width and height of the retaining wall during the explosion of borehole charges using emulsion explosives depending on the parameters that determine the energy characteristics of emulsion explosives. It gives the details of the physical and mechanical properties of rocks and the parameters of the explosive block, a mathematical model describing the action of an explosion of a borehole explosive charge in an array, on the basis of which the kinematic parameters of rock expansion are determined.
Desalination and filling of river waters on the Don basin sandy lands: Geoecological component
Authors: Kulik Alexey , Vlasenko Marina
Published: August 2023

The research purpose is to assess the mesorelief geoecological significance in the desalination and filling of the river waters of the Kazanskaya-Veshenskaya sand massif. The studies were carried out on the watercourses of the eastern (Kumylga, Khopyor, Srednaya Elan’, Sukhaya Elan’, Malaya Peskovatka, Peskovatka rivers and spring in the Shakinskaya oak grove) and western (Otrog spring and situated in Kazanskaya forestry spring; Peskovatka, Elan rivers) parts of the massif. It is established that the underground runoff is 70% of the amount runoff through open watercourses (or 89 thousands m3). In October, the total daily flow through the Kazanskaya-Veshenskaya sand massif is 216 thousand m3. The annual groundwater supply is equal to 141.6 million m3. A third of this water is discharged in two spring months. The remaining 99.1 million m3 are discharged into the groundwater during the remaining 10 months. On average, this amounts to 330 thousand m3 per day.
The influence of the urban environment on the thermal pollution of river runoff, using the example of the Ingoda River (Russia)
Authors: Kazantsev Vyacheslav A. , Kozlov Alexey K.
Published: August 2023

The paper presents the results of a study of the own thermal radiation in the infrared range of the Ingoda River, flowing within the city limits of Chita (Russia) A track was built along the river runoff to determine the surface temperature of the object, with a length of 155 km. Space images obtained from Landsat-8 and Landsat-9 Earth remote sensing satellites in channel 10 were used for analysis. In this channel, its own thermal radiation is accepted at wavelengths lying in the range of 10.60…11.19 microns. As a result of the study, it was shown that the optimal time for observing thermal pollution of a river flow is winter time. It is shown that the increase in brightness temperature of the river surface due to the influence of the city in January is on average 6…8 K. This value is not registered in summer. The thermal trace along the Ingoda River from the city is observed over a distance of 7…10 km. Also, one of the results is that not only cities but also settlements with a population of no more than 5000 people affect thermal pollution of water bodies.