bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reverse Engineering Representation Using an Image Processing Modification
Authors: Duroobi Ahmed A. A. , Obaeed Nareen Hafidh , Ghazi Safaa Kadhim
Published: April 2019

In the reverse engineering approach, a massive amount of point data is gathered together during data acquisition and this leads to larger file sizes and longer information data handling time. In addition, fitting of surfaces of these data point is time-consuming and demands particular skills. In the present work a method for getting the control points of any profile has been presented. Where, many process for an image modification was explained using Solid Work program, and a parametric equation of the profile that proposed has been derived using Bezier technique with the control points that adopted. Finally, the proposed profile was machined using 3-aixs CNC milling machine and a compression in dimensions process has been occurred between the proposed and original part so as to demonstrate the verification of the proposed method.
INFLUENCE OF THE COMBINATION OF PASAK BUMI ROOT AND PROPOLIS EXTRACTS ON PARASITEMIA LEVELS IN MICE INFECTED WITH PLASMODIUM BERGHEI
Authors: HASANAH NUR , ASTUTY HENDRI
Published: April 2019

Objective: Malaria infection remains a global concern due to increasing resistance to artemisinin-based combination therapy. This study examinedthe antimalarial effects of propolis extract alone and in combination with pasak bumi root extract.Methods: In the study, 30 mice were divided into six groups including two control groups, two groups of mice treated with propolis aloneat concentrations of 90 and 180 mg/kg body weight (BW), and two combination groups of mice treated with 90 or 180 mg/kg BW propolis incombination with 60 or 75 mg/kg BW pasak bumi, respectively. Plasmodium berghei 2% was injected into each mouse, and blood smears wereprepared after 8 days to assess parasitemia.Results: The results revealed no significant difference in parasitemia levels between the positive control and the two combination groups (p=0.136 and0.289, respectively). However, superior growth inhibition (GI) results were observed in the combination groups (97.97% and 97.83%, respectively)than in the propolis monotherapy groups, whereas better outcomes were observed in the positive control group (98.63% GI) than in the propolismonotherapy groups (23.88% and 51.66%, respectively).Conclusion: These results illustrate that combination therapy is superior to propolis monotherapy in inhibiting parasitemia.
ANTIBACTERIAL EFFICACY OF NISIN AS AN IRRIGANT AGAINST ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS BIOFILM
Authors: HARYANTI THERESIA PEGGY , NAZAR KAMIZAR , MARGONO ANGGRAINI
Published: April 2019

Objective: This study aimed to compare the antibacterial efficacy of 10% nisin, 2% chlorhexidine (ChX), and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm in vitro.Methods: Petri dishes containing brain heart infusion agar were seeded with E. faecalis (ATCC 29212) and were incubated overnight at 37°C. Thecellulose nitrate filter membrane was inoculated with E. faecalis for 72 h to grow a biofilm, and we performed the direct contact test between the testsolutions and the biofilm for 10 min. The DNA was quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction with propidium monoazide additive to countthe living cells.Results: The number of E. faecalis bacteria in the 2% ChX group was the lowest (8.36×103 CFU/mL) while the highest number of bacteria - among theantibacterial substances tested - in the nisin 10% group (5.55×106 CFU/mL).Conclusion: The antibacterial effects against E. faecalis biofilm of 10% nisin were not comparable with those of 2% ChX and 2.5% NaOCl.
THE EFFECT OF ALPHA-MANGOSTIN ON TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA 1 (TGF-β1) AND MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-3 EXPRESSION IN TGF-β-INDUCED HEPATIC STELLATE CELLS
Authors: ADENINA SYARINTA , RAHMANIAH RAHMANIAH , YUYUNTIA YUYUNTIA , SOETIKNO VIVIAN , LOUISA MELVA
Published: April 2019

Objective: Alpha-mangostin (α-MG) has been shown to possess antifibrotic effects. However, the specific mechanism of action of this compoundremains poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of α-MG on the expression levels of transforming growthfactor (TGF)-β1 and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3) in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) induced by TGF-β.Methods: Immortalized HSCs and LX-2 cells were incubated with TGF-β with or without α-MG (5 and 10 μM). The viability of LX-2 cells was assessedusing the Trypan Blue Exclusion Method. The effect of α-MG on cell morphology and the mRNA expression levels of TGF-β1, TGF-β receptor, and MMP3was then evaluated.Results: TGF-β enhanced the proliferation of HSCs and caused significant increases in the expression levels of TGF-β1, TGF-β receptor, and MMP3.α-MG treatment reduced the proliferation of HSCs and decreased the expression levels of TGF-β1, TGF-β1 receptor, and MMP3.Conclusion: α-MG is a potential antifibrotic agent due to its antiproliferative and antifibrogenic effects, mainly by suppressing the expression of TGF-βand MMP3 on the surfaces of activated HSCs.
THE EFFECT OF CARBOXYMETHYL CHITOSAN/AMORPHOUS CALCIUM PHOSPHATE TO GUIDE TISSUE REMINERALIZATION OF DENTIN COLLAGEN
Authors: ANNISA ROSDIANA NURUL , DJAUHARIE NILAKESUMA , SUPRASTIWI ENDANG , AVANTI NORMA
Published: April 2019

Objective: Carboxymethyl chitosan/amorphous calcium phosphate (CMC/ACP) can replace the role of dentine matrix protein 1. Guided tissueremineralization (GTR) is a method of extrafibrillar and intrafibrillar collagen remineralization. This study analyzed the ability of CMC/ACP to achieveintrafibrillar and extrafibrillar remineralization on demineralized dentin.Methods: We divided 12 demineralized occlusal cavities into four groups: 7 days control group, 14 days control group, 7 days CMC/ACP group, and14 days CMC/ACP group. In the control group, the cavities were directly filled with temporary restoration material, while the cavities of the CMC/ACPgroups first underwent application of CMC/ACP and were then filled with temporary restoration material. All samples were stored in a 37°C shakingincubator. 12 samples were analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and four were analyzed by transmission electron microscope(TEM).Results: From day 7 to day 14, there was a significant increase in calcium and phosphate levels within the CMC/APC groups. The phosphate levelswere much lower than the calcium or minerals formed on the 7th day, in the form of hydroxyapatite. TEM analysis shows that the CMC/ACP groupexhibited more intrafibrillar and extrafibrillar remineralization.Conclusion: CMC/ACP can improve the GTR process.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES ON FIXED RETAINER ADHESIVE TOWARD TREPONEMA DENTICOLA
Authors: SANTOSO JESSICA , PURBIATI MARIA , . KRISNAWATI
Published: April 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to develop an antibacterial flowable composite containing silver nanoparticle (AgNP) for the prevention ofperiodontal disease in fixed retainers.Methods: About 1% AgNP was incorporated into a commercial composite (tetric flow). The experimental and control products were used to bondfixed retainers to 28 extracted mandibular first premolars. The samples were randomly divided into four groups (n=7): Premolar bonded withfiber-reinforced composites and tetric flow (F1); premolar bonded with fiber-reinforced composites and AgNP-enhanced tetric flow (F2); premolarbonded with multistranded wires (MW) and tetric flow (M1); and premolar bonded with MW and AgNP-enhanced tetric flow (M2). Each sample wassubmerged in a test tube containing bacterial Treponema denticola solution and was incubated for 24 h and 37°temperature. The bacterial colony ineach group was counted and analyzed.Results: This study showed that there was significant difference of T. denticola colony count between groups with and without AgNP-enhancedcomposites in both types of retainers.Conclusion: AgNP-enhanced flowable composites reduce the bacteria T. denticola colony count and possibly inhibit periodontal disease.
STABILITY OF ZOLEDRONATE GEL EMULSION IN VIRGIN COCONUT OIL
Authors: GAYATRI PRIMA ABIGAIL , . KRISNAWATI , SAHLAN MUHAMAD , PRATAMI DIAH KARTIKA , WIDAYATI RETNO
Published: April 2019

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the physical stability and drug content of zoledronate (ZOL) gel emulsion in virgin coconut oil (VCO) as a newpharmaceutical product at 25°C as room temperature and 40°C as an accelerated temperature for a stability physics test.Methods: The ZOL gel emulsion comprises the following ingredients: 0.16% ZOL powder, 2% carboxymethyl cellulose, 5% VCO, 0.44% sodiumbenzoate, and 0.009% antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene, and distilled water. Samples of this gel emulsion were stored for 1 month at 25°C and40°C, and the parameters used for stability tests were pH, viscosity, spreadability, and adhesive strength. The drug content was also evaluated with aspectrophotometer. The ZOL gel emulsion was evaluated against these metrics on days 1, 7, 14, and 28.Results: The results showed that ZOL pH, viscosity, spreadability, adhesive strength, and drug content gel emulsion were clinically stable over 28 daysof storage at 25°C, whereas it was not stable when stored at 40°C for the same duration. pH value of ZOL gel emulsion significantly decreased at 28 days(p<0.05). Also for viscosity, adhesive strength, and drug content of ZOL gel emulsion showed statistically significant (p<0.05), except for spreadabilityvalue (p>0.05). The spreadability value between ZOL gel emulsion that stored at 25°C and at 40°C showed no significant result at 7 and 14 days (p>0.05).Conclusion: ZOL gel emulsion was stable at 25°C when stored for 28 days, suggesting that this is a suitable storage temperature at which its physicalstability and drug content can be maintained.
THE EFFECT OF NIGELLA SATIVA (BLACK CUMIN) SEED EXTRACT ON CANDIDA ALBICANS VIABILITY
Authors: DARMAWAN WULAN , FARIDA RATNA , REDJEKI SRI
Published: April 2019

Objective: Nigella sativa has antifungal effects against Candida albicans. The antifungal activity of N. sativa is due to the components of thymoquinone,thymol, and carvacrol. Oral candidiasis is a common opportunistic infection of the human oral cavity typically caused by the infection of C. albicans.The aim of this study was to assess the antifungal effectiveness of N. sativa seed extract (SE) on the viability of C. albicans.Methods: C. albicans was added to the wells of 96-well microtiter plates that were coated with artificial saliva and exposed to N. sativa SE atconcentrations of 6.25%–50% or 1 μl of amphotericin B (250 mg/μl) as a positive control. The viability of C. albicans was determined with the3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay.Results: The optical density of C. albicans incrementally decreased on exposure to increasing concentrations of N. sativa SE.Conclusion: N. sativa SE concentration is inversely correlated to the viability of C. albicans.
EFFECT OF HERBAL TOOTHPASTE CONTAINING NEEM LEAVES EXTRACT (AZADIRACHTA INDICA) AGAINST GINGIVITIS: A CLINICAL STUDY
Authors: SUGIARTA AMELIA PRISCILLA , LESSANG ROBERT , . NATALINA
Published: April 2019

Objective: Neem leaves are known to have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antiseptic, antitumor, antihyperglycemic, antiulcer, andantiviral effects. In addition, they can reduce the counts of plaque-forming bacteria in the oral cavity. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of anherbal toothpaste containing neem leaves extract against gingivitis.Methods: A total of 40 subjects were divided into two groups (n=20 each): Experimental and control. Those in the test group were instructed to brushtheir teeth twice a day for 7 days with neem leaves extract toothpaste, whereas the control group subjects were asked to continue with the non-herbalpaste they used for tooth brushing. Plaque index (PI) and papillary bleeding index (PBI) were measured on day 0 and day 7.Results: Significant reductions in PI and PBI were noted between the test and control groups.Conclusion: The findings of this clinical study provide evidence that neem leaf extracts are effective in reducing gingivitis.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTS OF PAPACARIE AND PAPAIN ON STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS IN VITRO
Authors: SULIANTI TITTY , DJAUHARI NILAKESUMA , NURSASONGKO BAMBANG
Published: April 2019

Objective: The aim is to compare the antimicrobial effects of papain and Papacarie with dilution and diffusion tests.Methods: There were two treatment groups and one Group control. The treatment group received papain and Papacarie, and the control groupreceived chlorhexidine, in five liquids with different concentrations of 0.5%, 0.25%, 0.125%, 0.0625%, and 0.03%. The dilution and diffusion testswere used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and zone of inhibition for eachtreatment material.Results: MICs of papain and Papacarie were 12.5%, indicating that at a concentration of 12.5%, the material can inhibit the growth of Streptococcusmutans. Papain does not have an MBC value but the Papacarie has an MBC at 25%, which indicating that at a concentration of 25%, Papacarie hasbactericidal effects on S. mutans. The zone of inhibition of papain was lower than Papacarie.Conclusion: Based on chemomechanical caries removal materials, the antimicrobial effects of Papacarie were better than those of papain.
ENZYMATICALLY SYNTHESIZED pH-RESPONSIVE IPN FOR IN-SITU RELEASE OF PANTOPRAZOLE SODIUM
Authors: Sharma Saruchi , KUMAR VANEET
Published: April 2019

Objective: This study involves the synthesis of Gum tragacanth (gt) based interpenetrating polymer network (ipn) and its utilization for sustained release of anti-ulcerative drug i.e. pantoprazole sodium.

Methods: IPN was synthesized from Gum tragacanth, polyacrylic acid (gt-cl-paa) hydrogel. gt-cl-paa was kept in distilled water. Further, acryamide (aam) and methylmethacrylate (mma) was added and then kept for overnight. Later on, lipase and glutaraldehyde were added. Homopolymers and the unreacted monomers were removed using acetone. Synthesized IPN was dried at 50 °C for further study.

Synthesized ipn was swelled in water and the drug was added to it. The drug was entrapped in the pores of the synthesized ipn and then drug release behavior was studied using uv-vis spectrophotometer.

Results: Gt, paa and mma based crosslinked IPN were synthesized using lipase-glutaraldehyde as initiator-crosslinker system. The synthesized IPN was pH sensitive and possessed the desired swelling capacity required for the controlled and systematic liberation of pantoprazole sodium at 37 °C. The kinetic of drug release was studied and found that lateral diffusion (DL) of drug was higher as compared to the initial diffusion (DI). The prepared IPN can be used as prospective carrier for prolonged drug delivery.

Conclusion: A novel pH sensitive and colon targeted IPN was synthesized. It acts as an effective device for the controlled release of drug pantoprazole sodium.
IMPACT OF SOLVENT TYPES ON ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF ROOT EXTRACT OF CAESARIA TOMENTOSA
Authors: ANGLE GAURI PAI , SARDESSAI YOGITA
Published: April 2019

Objective: The study deals with the antimicrobial activity of five solvent extracts of roots of Caesaria tomentosa against seven microorganisms: two gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis), three gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhimrium) and two fungal strains (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger).

Methods: Roots of C. tomentosa were extracted with different solvents(n-hexane, ethanol, chloroform, acetone and water) and were subjected to antibacterial as well as antifungal screening by Well Diffusion Method. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration(MIC) was also performed by two-fold dilution.

Results: The maximum inhibition zone at 50μg/ml concentration of n-hexane was 32 mm. These indicate that some active substances in C. tomentosa dissolved in varying degrees in the five solvents. The MIC for n-hexane was 1.6 μg/ml for S. aureus leading to a conclusion that the n-hexane extract was found to be the most potent.

Conclusion: All extracts were very effective against S. aureus. As for the solvents, the n-hexane extract had the best inhibitory effect among five solvents tested.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR QUANTIFICATION OF ACETIC ACID CONTENT IN AMLODIPINE BESYLATE
Authors: Haque Sk Manirul , Ahmad Ayman
Published: April 2019

Objective: To develop and validate a simple and accurate cost-effective titrimetric method according to International Conference Harmonization (ICH) guidelines for acetic acid content in Amlodipine Besylate.

Methods: The titration based on general acid-base reaction to form water and salt. Sodium hydroxide act as a strong base and titrated against weak acid (acetic acid). Phenolphthalein used as an indicator and colorless to pink is the endpoint. Sodium hydroxide is standardized with primary standard potassium hydrogen phthalate.

Results: The method was linear in the range of 0.75 to 30.25 μg/ml with a correlation coefficient 0.9999. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) value were found to be 0.61 and 1.85 μg/ml, respectively. The percentage recovery (98.20–99.97%) and percentage relative standard deviation (%RSD) is less than 2% within the acceptable limit of ICH guidelines. The robustness and ruggedness results were excellent. Method is accurate and precise, no interference from excipients.

Conclusion: A new analytical titrimetric method was developed and validated as per ICH guidelines for the determination of acetic acid content in amlodipine. This proposed method applied for routine analysis of acetic acid content in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations of amlodipine besylate.
Polímeros adhesivos y formación de uniones a través de reacciones de polimerización y fuerzas intermoleculares
Authors: Caldera Villalobos Martín , Herrera González Ana María
Published: April 2019

Los materiales adhesivos se encuentran presentes en muchos aspectos de nuestra vida cotidiana. Actualmente existe un mercado muy amplio de estos productos químicos que incluye una variedad de productos que difieren en su composición y utilidad, siendo la mayoría de ellos polímeros. Los mecanismos mediante los cuales ocurre el fenómeno de adhesión involucran fenómenos tribológicos, reológicos y químicos. Particularmente, los enlaces químicos ejercen un papel preponderante en el desempeño de estos materiales. En este manuscrito se pretende dar a conocer el aspecto químico de los materiales adhesivos mostrando diferentes ejemplos de materiales poliméricos empleados como adhesivos. Se analiza como la formación de enlaces covalentes en la reacción de polimerización y el establecimiento de fuerzas intermoleculares contribuyen a producir el fenómeno de adhesión.
NTERPOLATION CONTROL OF SEWAGE
Authors: Alekseev V A , Usoltsev V P , Yuran S I
Published: April 2019

Рассматривается методика экологического мониторинга сточных вод промышленного предприятия в условиях запроектных аварий, при которых отсутствует целый ряд показателей, выявляемых в реальном масштабе времени. Поэтому предлагается использовать априорные данные об источниках и характере загрязнений. В процессе контроля находятся промежуточные значения величины загрязнений между проведением измерений. При этом контроль состоит из двух ступеней. При наличии двух результатов контроля через заданный интервал между проведением соседних контрольных операций требуется построить функцию, которая могла бы с высокой точностью описать вероятность наличия загрязнений между проведением контрольных операций (которые могли быть пропущены), при которой кривая построенной функции проходила точно через имеющиеся точки полученных результатов. В работе приведен пример с использованием оптико-электронного способа исследования особенностей процессов движения загрязняющих веществ, протекающих в жидкой среде. Используется стохастический подход, заключающийся в максимально полном использовании статистики наличия загрязнений, а также данных о появлении загрязнений на объектах-аналогах. Приведена математическая модель протекания загрязнений по сточной трубе с использованием вероятностей появления загрязнений в определенных точках (постах) канализационной трубы. Оценивается вероятность пропуска постами контроля загрязнений, что позволяет повысить достоверность экологического мониторинга сточных вод предприятий.
AUTOMATED SYSTEM FOR EVALUATING 2D-IMAGE COMPOSITIONAL CHARACTERISTICS: CONFIGURING THE MATHEMATICAL MODEL
Authors: Al Akkad M A , Gazimzyanov F F
Published: April 2019

Статья посвящена разработке автоматизированной системы оценки композиционных характеристик 2D-изображения. Представлен специальный генетический алгоритм, разработанный для настройки математической модели, описанной в предыдущей статье авторов «Автоматизированная система оценки композиционных характеристик 2D-изображения: математическая модель». Вся система основывается на исследованиях Р. Арнхейма, описании общей концепции посвящена первая статья цикла «Автоматизированная система оценки композиционных характеристик 2D-изображения: концепция». Проводится обзор методов, потенциально пригодных для решения поставленной задачи, обосновывается выбранный метод, приводится адаптация выбранного метода к особенностям конкретной задачи. Приведена математическая модель, адаптированная для работы с существующей математической моделью при помощи нового метода. Описывается структура обучающей выборки, особенности сбора данных. Анализ данных и сортировка производится при помощи разработанного генетического алгоритма с переиспользованием кода, выбор метода обосновывается. Анализируются полученные результаты, представлена визуализация композиционных параметров простых сцен, для разных групп опрашиваемых, выявленных при сортировке и анализе данных. Демонстрируется схожесть с результатами, полученными и продемонстрированными Р. Арнхеймом в своей книге без использования информационных и автоматизированных методов. Представляются результаты исследования.
SIMULATION MODEL OF A CONTROLLED GENETIC ALGORITHM BASED ON PETRI NETS
Authors: Petrosov D A
Published: April 2019

В работе генетического алгоритма при решении задач в различных предметных областях возникает задача изменения порядка срабатывания и параметров функционирования его операторов. Это связано с тем, что в процессе работы эволюционная процедура может столкнуться: с попаданием популяции в локальный экстремум, затуханием и т. д. Выходом из сложившейся ситуации может служить увеличение разрушающей способности операторов. Разрушающую способность можно увеличить с помощью изменения параметров работы операторов, типов операторов и порядка срабатывания. При использовании высокой разрушающей способности операторов возможны ситуации, когда время на поиск решения значительно увеличивается, так как дисперсия значений целевой функции особей популяции значительно вырастает. В данном случае целесообразно уменьшить разрушающую способность, что приведет к более детальному исследованию пространства поиска. Так как данную процедуру требуется проводить непосредственно в процессе поиска решений, то требуется разработка новых моделей и методов управления генетическим алгоритмом. В данной работе предлагается использование нейросетевого подхода к решению задачи управления эволюционной процедурой. Для этого требуется провести адаптацию как генетического алгоритма, так и искусственных нейронных сетей. В качестве основного математического аппарата для описания управляемого генетического алгоритма предлагается использование теории сетей Петри. В работе предложена имитационная модель эволюционной процедуры на основе теории сетей Петри, которая позволяет выполнять изменения параметров функционирования операторов во время поиска решений.
TWO-DIMENSIONAL SIGNAL PROCESSING IN THE DISCRETE FOURIER BASIS
Authors: Ponomarev A V
Published: April 2019

Исследуются проблемы обработки двумерных сигналов в пространственно-частотной области на базе двумерного дискретного преобразования Фурье. Рассмотрено общее определение и математическое описание двумерного дискретного сигнала в пространственной области. Дана алгебраическая форма двумерного дискретного преобразования Фурье, кратко рассмотрены основные свойства двумерного дискретного преобразования Фурье. Проведен (по отечественным и зарубежным информационным источникам) системный анализ дискретных двумерных сигналов (природы их происхождения, источников формирования), а также методов их обработки, основанных на двумерном дискретном преобразовании Фурье. Рассмотрены приложения дискретных двумерных сигналов в различных предметных областях. Рассмотрены достоинства и недостатки цифровых методов дискретной двумерной обработки на основе двумерного дискретного преобразования Фурье. Выдвинута рабочая гипотеза решения проблематики дискретной двумерной обработки сигналов в пространственно-частотной области путем разработки новых двумерных базисных систем, сочетающих преимущества двумерного дискретного базиса Фурье и снижающих (устраняющих) влияние его негативных эффектов. Показано, что двумерный вариант дискретного канонического разложения случайных сигналов, разработанный В. С. Пугачевым, предполагает (по умолчанию) видоизменение стандартной циклической двумерной корреляционной функции исходного сигнала. Предложены пути решения указанной проблемы.
Acoustic Structural Analysis of Steel Samples Loaded with Rotational Bending During Fatigue Tests
Authors: Murav’ev V V , Murav’eva O V , Budrin A Yu , Sincov M A , Zorin A V
Published: April 2019

С целью исследования влияния накопленной поврежденности металла на скорость ультразвуковых сдвиговых и рэлеевских волн образцы стального пруткового проката подвергли циклическому нагружению по схеме консольного изгиба с вращением. Представлены результаты измерения скорости ультразвуковых волн (сдвиговых и рэлеевских) в стальных прутках при малоцикловой усталости под воздействием циклических нагрузок. Исследованы образцы прутков марки стали 40Х в состоянии поставки и после отжига при температуре 700 оС в течение 30 мин. Длина прутков - 270 мм, диаметр - 10 и 19 мм. Циклические нагружения консольным изгибом обеспечивались с помощью специально разработанной установки для испытаний на усталость, в которой пруток одной стороной зажимался в патроне машины, обеспечивающей вращение, на другой стороне через подшипник подвешивался груз. Оценивались скорости сдвиговых волн в направлениях поперечного сечения прутка и рэлеевских волн по огибающей цилиндрической поверхности прутка в зоне максимальных напряжений. Возбуждение и прием волн осуществляли электромагнитно-акустическим способом. Для оценки скорости сдвиговых (поперечных) и рэлеевских волн использовался метод многократных отражений, соответственно, по сечению и огибающей прутка. Представлены результаты изменения скорости в прутках при увеличении консольной нагрузки и числа циклов. Найдено, что скорость сдвиговой волны в прутке максимально уменьшается в зоне максимальных напряжений. При нагрузках, составляющих 60 % от предела текучести, в образцах наблюдается резкое снижение скорости при 300000 циклах. Изменение структуры металла после отжига приводит к снижению числа циклов, после которого происходит резкое изменение скорости волн. Коэффициент Пуассона, рассчитанный по скоростям сдвиговых и рэлеевских волн, также изменяется с ростом числа циклов и позволяет учесть изменение диаметра прутка в процессе испытаний. Проведенные эксперименты по исследованию влияния циклических нагрузок прутков дают хорошие информативные данные по усталости в зависимости от термической обработки и структурных изменений материала. Возможность реализации электромагнитно-акустического метода контроля на многократных отражениях позволяет существенно повысить чувствительность к микродефектам при анализе сигнала на дальних отражениях и обеспечить высокую точность определения скорости волн.
Analysis of Influence of Kinetics of the TV Multicast Photocurrent on the Error of Measuring the Coordinates and Sizes of Light Zones
Authors: Shelkovnikov Yu K , Osipov N I , Kiznertcev S R , Meteleva A A
Published: April 2019

Рассмотрены особенности формирования координатной характеристики мультискана, определяющие степень ее линейности и связанную с ней ошибку преобразования линейной координаты контролируемого светового потока во временную с учетом кинетики токов резистивных делителей. Описан процесс перераспределения токов внутри мультискана, выполненного на основе двух продольных резистивных делителей и элементарных ячеек трех p-n-переходов. Показано, что в процессе опроса мультискана противофазными пилообразными напряжениями опроса происходит перенаправление фототоков ячеек с одного резистивного делителя на другой, что и вызывает изменение распределения координатно-задающих напряжений вдоль обоих делителей. При этом при проецировании на мультискан световых зон (особенно широких) с большим уровнем освещенности так же, как и в сканисторе, нарушается линейность координатной характеристики. Разработана математическая модель мультискана в виде системы уравнений, связывающих интегральные фототоки и напряжения в элементах его структуры с учетом внешних электрических цепей. Получены выражения и эпюры интегрального и видеосигнального токов мультискана при его включении в режиме «слепое пятно», отображающие расширение выходного видеосигнала и увеличение погрешности координатоуказания световых потоков из-за увеличения сканирующей апертуры. Выполнено моделирование процесса деформации координатно-задающего напряжения в программе Micro-Cap, показавшее максимальное отклонение этого напряжения от линейного около центра фоточувствительной поверхности и уменьшение до нуля к ее концам. Установлено, что эффект перераспределения фототоков, втекающих в резистивные делители (или вытекающих из них при смене полярности диодов ячеек на противоположную) вызывает разнонаправленную погрешность определения координат переднего и заднего фронтов видеосигнала из-за изменения напряжения на делителе. При ограничении освещенности широких световых зон на мультискане до уровня, при котором интегральный фототок не превышает 0,002 тока смещения делителя, погрешности определения координат этих зон не превышают шага структуры мультискана. Для узких световых зон эта погрешность не превышает половины шага дискретной структуры мультискана на всей его длине даже при высоких уровнях освещенности.
Corrida científica e tecnológica e reestruturação produtiva: impactos geoeconômicos e geopolíticos | The science and technology race and productive re-structuring: geoeconomic and geopolitical impacts
Authors: Campolina Diniz Clélio
Published: April 2019

O crescimento acelerado da economia chinesa e de outros países asiáticos vem ampliando a participação daquele bloco na produção e no comércio internacional de manufaturas. Esse processo altera a geografia econômica e a ordem global, provocando forte desafio ao capitalismo ocidental, que se encontra em crise estrutural e busca recuperar sua posição relativa. A competição entre os dois blocos é condicionada por uma acelerada corrida cientifica e tecnológica. Ao contrário, o Brasil vem passando por rápido processo de desindustrialização e de redução dos investimentos em P&D, o que poderá comprometer, também, a desconcentração produtiva em curso. A difícil recuperação industrial e a preservação do processo de desconcentração regional exigem a montagem de uma nova e afirmativa política industrial, com visão de longo prazo e ênfase em ciência e tecnologia. Ela deverá também garantir a consolidação dos projetos em andamento e dedicar especial atenção ao aproveitamento das potencialidades regionais com vistas a ampliar as tendências de desconcentração territorial.
SOME OF THE ULTRASOUND FEATURES OF THE SECOND SEGMENT OF THE VERTEBRAL ARTERIES AND THEIR HEMODYAMICS PARAMETERS IN HEALTHY PERSONS AND IN PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENT STAGES OF ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Gaevskiy Y. G. , Veber V. R. , Zakharova V. M. , Yarosvet I. V. , Beregov M. M.
Published: April 2019

In order to improve the capabilities of duplex Doppler ultrasound of morphofunctional features of vertebral arteries we investigated duplex Doppler ultrasound of major neck vessels in 279 patients with stages 1–2 arterial hypertension (149 patients with stage 1 hypertension and 130 patients with stage 2 hypertension). The control group included 196 subjects with normal blood pressure values. Duplex Doppler ultrasound included the following hemodynamic parameters of vertebral arteries: peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity, time-averaged mean velocity, pulsatility index, resistance index, and also the asymmetry of vertebral arteries diameters — the ratio of the diameter of the left vertebral artery to the diameter of the right vertebral artery; volumetric blood flow. The reactivity of the vertebral arteries was studied by assessing the response of hemodynamic parameters to head rotation. The severity of muscle sleeve fibrosis surrounding the vertebral arteries in the C5–C6 segments of the cervical spine was evaluated at 7 degrees (from 0 to 6). The study found differences in the morphology of the vertebral arteries as well as the ultrasound parameters of the muscle sleeve surrounding the vertebral arteries in the C5–C6 segments but the greatest differences were observed precisely in the indicator of the reactivity of the vertebral arteries on head rotation. Reactivity indicators were expressed as changes in the parameters of pulsatility index and resistance index. The results of the study showed that early changes in the muscle sleeve surrounding the vertebral arteries in the C5–C6 segments lead to changes in the diameters of the vertebral arteries and their reactivity during further traumatization of vessels and sympathetic fibers caused by rotation of the head. Reactive indicators express to a far greater degree on the left vertebral artery and their progression increase with the progression of hypertension occurred.
ANALYSIS OF SKIN PATTERNS OF GERMAN SHEPHERD’S RHINARIUM IN COMPARATIVE ASPECT
Authors: Spotkai Svetlana E , Lykhina Lyudmila Y
Published: April 2019

The popularity of the German Shepherd breed and its use in many areas of human life creates the need to search for new identification methods to establish ownership. The identification methods available, such as chipping and marking, have several disadvantages. The method of dogs’ identification by rhinarium’s imprint is comparatively cheap and reliable. Papillary patterns reflected on rhinarium’s imprint are relatively constant, and have common and particular signs of difference, which make it possible to distinguish the impression of one dog from another. Dogs of the same breed have a standardized exterior, that is, similarity in external characters, which suggests that there are similarities between common and particular characteristics within the same breed. It is found that imprints of the rhinarium of German shepherd breed dogs, obtained from dogs of different origin, housing and feeding conditions, have common features of papillary patterns peculiar to the given breed. The presented results of the comparison of skin patterns of the rhinarium show that this breed is characterized by a straight, straight round-pointed and V-shaped forms of the nose symmetry line, the majority of the representatives of the breed have prints heavily spotted with lines and, as a rule, have 2 branches of the line of symmetry, which proves the presence of breed characteristics and allows for the use of prints in forensic and forensic veterinary identification of dogs.
ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION OF RISKS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LABORATORY MICROBIOLOGICAL CULTURE MEDIA BY FMEA METHOD
Authors: Nikitchenko Vladimir E , Rystsova Ekaterina O , Chernysheva Anastasiya N
Published: April 2019

At all stages of the production of microbiological nutrient media (MNM), the manufacturer, and in particular, the microbiological laboratories that manufacture the media on site, face many operational risks. The presence of such risks, in almost every critical point of production and further operation of the MNM, is due to the presence of common basic requirements for all MNM, which must be taken into account and respected during their development and preparation; as well as the complexity and laboriousness of the very process of manufacturing high-quality differential-diagnostic and other nutrient media, requiring the availability of all the components necessary for preparing these media, equipment, sterile conditions and qualified personnel. In this regard, there is a need to search for effective methods to identify and prevent undesirable situations associated with the production and use of MNM. The aim of this work was to adapt the risk assessment methodology based on the expert method for analyzing the types and consequences of FMEA failures (Failure Mode Effect Analysis) set out in GOST R ISO 31010-2011 for the needs of microbiological laboratories, including those for veterinary and sanitary expertise, producing microbiological nutrient environments and using them. As part of this work, a comparative analysis of risk assessment methods was carried out in order to select the optimal one; adaptation of the QMS principle - risk-oriented thinking and the FMEA method for risk assessment in the implementation of MNM manufacturing processes in a microbiological laboratory (for example, solid agar media); risk assessment protocol forms were developed; calculations of a quantitative assessment of risk levels were carried out in order to determine the need for preventive actions and their implementation in order to minimize the negative consequences of risk in case of its implementation using the developed protocols. The results showed that this technique can be successfully implemented and used in the claimed area.
Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Elektronik Berbasis Proyek pada Materi Termokimia di Kelas XI SMA
Authors: Ernawati MDW , Yuni Eka , Malik Affan
Published: April 2019

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengembangkan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Elektronik Berbasis Proyek pada Materi Termokimia di Kelas XI SMA dan mengetahui respon guru dan siswa terhadap e-LKPD berbasis proyek yang dikembangkan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan yang mengadaptasi kerangka pengembangan 4D tetapi hanya sampai tahap pengembangan. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah angket dan hasil belajar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penilaian validator (ahli media dan ahli materi) terhadap produk e-LKPD berbasis proyek sudah baik dan layak diujicobakan. Selanjutnya hasil respon guru diperoleh 91,06% dan hasil respon siswa diperoleh 81,76% dengan kategori klasifikasi “sangat baik”. Sedangkan untuk hasil belajar diperoleh nilai (gain) 0-0,3 (rendah) 3 orang, 0,3-0,6 (sedang) 19 orang dan 0,7 (tinggi) 3 orang. Berdasarkan proses pengembangan secara keseluruhan dapat disimpulkan bahwa e-LKPD berbasis proyek ini dikembangkan dengan menggunakan kerangka pengembangan 4D yang terdiri dari tahap pendefinisian, perancangan, pengembangan dan penyebaran. Sedangkan penilaian validator terhadap kelayakan e-LKPD berbasis proyek yang dikembangkan dinyatakan sudah baik dan layak ujicoba serta berdasarkan respon guru dan siswa, e-LKPD berbasis proyek ini sangat baik dan dapat digunakan sebagai sumber belajar di sekolah.

Kata kunci: Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Elektronik, Berbasis Proyek,Termokimia
Antimalaria Activity of Macaranga Gigantea Leaves Extracts
Authors: Muhaimin Muhaimin , Yusnaidar Yusnaidar , Amanda Hilda
Published: April 2019

The utilization of traditional medicinal plants to medicate malaria caused by Plasmodium is currently more increased along with drug resistance and rising drug prices, and the side effects of using modern medicine. Additionally, Macaranga gigantea plant species have a unique ecological function such as a pioneer plant with good morphological and physiological adaptability to extreme conditions in dealing with natural stress due to pests, temperatures, and UV rays. Therefore, they have a unique biochemical system and a variety of new natural bioactive compounds produced with various activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant and antiviral in the forest. As the results of previous study, antimalarial activity was shown on the bioactivity of methanol leaves extract of Merkubung (Macaranga gigantea). In short, this study aimed to obtain an active antimalarial fraction of Merkubung leaf (Macaranga gigantea). In this case, fractionation of methanol extract of Merkubung leaf (Macaranga gigantea) was carried out by using different organic solvents followed by an antimalarial bioactivity test using Plasmodium berghei. The results indicated that ethanol fraction of Merkubung left (Macaranga gigantea) had better antimalarial activity than others as a new candidate and supplemental source of antimalarial drugs.

 

Keyword:  Macaranga gigantea, malaria, Plasmodium berghei, fraction
ANALISIS PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF NUMBERED HEAD TOGETHER (NHT) DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI STRUKTUR ATOM DI KELAS X SMKN 3 KOTA JAMBI
Authors: Ernawati M. Dwi Wiwik , Haryanto Haryanto , Nababan Setia CP
Published: April 2019

Have done there search implemented in SMK n 3 Kota jambi, learning chemistry in this school only run sone direction, so that the students only take notes and listen to the teacher's explanations. For that it needs a learning model that can enable students, one of which is the learning model type NHT. This research aims to determine the extent of adherenceto model NHT and its influence on student learning outcomes in the material structure of the atom in SMKN 3 Jambi. This type of research is quasi experiment with design one shot case study. The technique of sampling was done by Simple Random Sampling technique. There is one class used as the sample, namely the class of XAV. Research instruments observation sheet the feasibility NHT better than the teacher and the student and student learning outcomes.

The influence of adherence to a model of NHT with the students learning outcomes sought by the pearson product moment. To see the significance of the adherence model of the NHT against the learning outcomes of the student t-test. The feasibility model of the NHT by the teacher and students good categorized that looks than the average every meeting. feasibility model of NHT with the results of the research categorized as moderate with the average r 0,564 and there is the influence of adherence to a model of NHT with the student learning outcomes on the t 3,965 with significance 3,965 < 2,02.  Model NHT in learning atomic structure in class X SMKN 3 Jambi implemented well by teachers to involve students in the learning process so that student learning outcomes can be increased. There is the influence of the implementation of the model of the NHT against the learning outcomes of students in learning atomic structure in class X SMKN 3 Jambi
Analisis Keterlaksanaan Model Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction pada Pembelajaran Hidrokarbon dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kepercayaan Diri Siswa
Authors: Bakar Abu , Dewi Fatria , Syafira Syafira
Published: April 2019

This study aims to determine the implementation of ARCS model and to know the influence between the implementation of ARCS model to students' self confidence in SMAN 2 Jambi City on hydrocarbonlearning. The design of this research is pre-experimental design with type of research one shot case study using random sampling. The sample is selected only one class that is eleventh grade science study. The research instrument in the form of observation sheet of the implementation of ARCS model of both teachers and students, as well as student confidence observation sheet. The quantitative data is tested for normality and homogeneity and then sought the correlation between the ARCS model and the students' confidence with the moment product correlation. Then t-test is done to see the significance of the effect of ARCS model with student's self confidence. Implementation of ARCS model by teachers and students included in very good category with percentage 90,77% and 91%. For students' self confidence in good category that is with percentage 82,25%. Data of teacher and student is normal and homogeneous distribution, correlation coefficient obtained that is equal to 0,525, mean relation between implementation of ARCS model with student self confidence have medium relation level.
O Cone Sul entre a memória e o esquecimento: elementos para uma comparação
Authors: Gallo Carlos Artur
Published: April 2019

Este artigo analisa as principais medidas implementadas nos países do Cone Sul para tratar demandas relacionadas às violações aos direitos humanos praticadas durante as Ditaduras de Segurança Nacional na região. São identificados elementos para comparar as experiências de cada país, observando-se semelhanças e diferenças no que se refere ao período autoritário, à transição à democracia e às políticas de memória implementadas no novo período democrático.
Corruption, accountability and citizen participation in protests in Latin America
Authors: Avenburg Alejandro
Published: April 2019

Nos últimos anos, manifestações de rua ocorreram no Brasil e em outros países latino-americanos para protestar contra os grandes escândalos de corrupção. Vários pesquisadores que estudam o caso do Brasil argumentaram que a recessão econômica foi uma das condições que desencadearam a reação do público contra os escândalos de corrupção (MELO, 2016; HAGOPIAN, 2016), considerando que a opinião pública pode tolerar a corrupção em tempos de boom econômico – quando os programas sociais do governo podem ser expandidos – mas são menos propensos a aceitá-la em tempos de recessão econômica (BALAN, 2014). Este artigo utiliza dados da pesquisa LAPOP 2010 para mostrar que existe uma relação sistemática entre corrupção – percepção e vitimização – e participação em protestos, mesmo em tempos de crescimento econômico, no qual são discutidos dois possíveis mecanismos. Os resultados sugerem que o vínculo entre corrupção e participação em protestos não está condicionado pelo ciclo econômico.
Sostenibilidad y evolución de la salmonicultura chilena. Análisis desde una óptica normativa-institucional
Authors: Yaitul Stormansan Jorge Rodrigo
Published: April 2019

Pode a indústria do salmão usar intensivamente os recursos naturais para se tornar sustentável? Qual é o papel das instituições? O estudo responde a essas questões através de uma análise da experiência chilena nas regiões de Los Lagos e Aysén (sul do Chile), durante quatro décadas. Com o apoio de documentação e literatura sobre a indústria do salmão, as políticas dos governos e legislação chilena e entrevistas com diferentes atores dos setores público e privado, o estudo documenta o processo de transição para uma indústria sustentável, demonstrando que A mudança institucional e as instituições têm um papel fundamental para o desenvolvimento sustentável.
O buen vivir na América Latina como possibilidade emancipatória nos discursos sobre desenvolvimento
Authors: Versiani Isabela Veloso Lopes , Pereira Anete Marília , Ferreira Maria da Luz Alves
Published: April 2019

Nas últimas décadas, as dificuldades do modelo de desenvolvimento convencional em se tornar, de fato, o grande propulsor de mudanças no campo econômico e, por conseguinte, nas demais esferas da vida social, têm sido criticamente analisadas por teóricos latino-americanos do pós-desenvolvimento e pela busca de alternativas. Com base em pesquisa bibliográfica, o presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a discussão do buen vivir no campo de estudos sobre o desenvolvimento, procurando entender como essa nova proposta, que incorpora a dimensão cultural de influência indígena andina na busca por outras formas de ver e se relacionar harmonicamente com o mundo, tem avançado na América Latina. Constata-se que, apesar das dificuldades e desafios, o buen vivir tem ganhado espaço e difusão no plano acadêmico, social e político, abrindo possibilidades para processos de emancipação desses países ante as amarras dos discursos sobre desenvolvimento de base economicista até então dominantes.