bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation and optimisation of cargo handling operations of AFRAMAX tankers
Authors: Plessas Timoleon , Chroni Dionysia , Papanikolaou Apostolos , Adamopoulos Nikolaos
Published: June 2015

This article focuses on the optimisation of cargo handling operations of tankers. A combined hydraulic-energy model has been developed and adapted to the design characteristics of AFRAMAX tankers, allowing the simulation of a tanker’s cargo discharging procedures, while monitoring all related ship parameters, like characteristics of pumps/manifolds, piping system, flow rates, pressures, ship responses, etc. A preference-based multi-criteria optimisation methodology has been additionally applied to the modelled simulation procedure, which results in practical guidelines for the optimisation of discharging procedure in terms of energy–fuel consumption and discharging time. These guidelines have proven very valuable in the decision-making process during cargo handling operations.
Income inequality ignored? An agenda for business and strategic organization
Authors: Bapuji Hari , Neville Lukas
Published: June 2015

Despite a vibrant body of scholarship and a growing public discourse around the socio-political consequences of rising income inequality around much of the world, very little is known about the organizational consequences of societal-level income inequality. In this essay, we draw upon previous literature on the socio-political consequences of high income inequality to help identify its potential business consequences. In particular, we suggest that high levels of income inequality can give rise to (1) social movements that coerce and constrain firms’ actions, (2) alternative organizational forms that displace existing organizations and (3) new political and regulatory risks that undermine firms’ performance or survival. Using this argument, we emphasize the broader point that income inequality matters to firms and markets and that the study of inequality needs to be ‘brought in from the cold’ by organizational researchers. Furthermore, we outline a specific research agenda aimed at better understanding income inequality and how organizations can respond to it.
Rapid prototyping of freeform optics for an LED downlighter with a dynamically adjustable beam
Authors: Juntunen E , Myöhänen P , Tetri E , Tapaninen O , Ojalehto J , Heikkinen V
Published: June 2015

In this paper, an LED downlight producing dynamic beam variation without any mechanically moving parts is presented. The functionality is based on an optics design using compound parabolic concentrators equipped with individual LEDs. With suitable driving of the LEDs, a dynamic far-field beam with an adjustment range of between 16° and 55° is achieved. The luminaire is used as a demonstration of the polyurethane vacuum casting rapid manufacturing method to produce low-cost freeform optics for prototypes. The simulations and measurements on the realized prototype show that the method is suitable for small series and prototype manufacturing, but also reveal potential errors in the rapid manufacturing process to be avoided in the future.
Radiosensitization of Human Colorectal Cancer Cells by MLN4924
Authors: Wan Juefeng , Zhu Ji , Li Guichao , Zhang Zhen
Published: June 2015

Colorectal cancer is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer and the combination of radiation with capecitabine has been shown to achieve only 15% to 25% of pathologic complete response. This study aimed to investigate the effect of MLN4924, a potent small molecule inhibitor of SKP1-Cullin-F-box proteins E3 ubiquitin ligases, as a novel radiosensitizing agent in colorectal cancer cells. Indeed, we found that MLN4924 effectively sensitized colorectal cancer cells to radiation with a sensitivity-enhancement ratio of 1.61 for HT-29 cells and 1.35 for HCT-116 cells. Mechanistically, MLN4924 significantly enhanced radiation-induced G2/M arrest, apoptosis, and DNA damage response through accumulation of p27. Knockdown of p27 via small interfering RNA partially inhibited MLN4924-induced radiosensitization, indicating a causal role played by p27. Our study suggested that MLN4924 could be further developed as a novel radiosensitizing agent against colorectal cancer.
Evaluation of Diagnostic Systems
Authors: Smolkowski Keith , Cummings Kelli D.
Published: June 2015

Diagnostic tools can help schools more consistently and fairly match instructional resources to the needs of their students. To ensure the best educational outcome for each child, diagnostic decision-making systems seek to balance time, clarity, and accuracy. However, recent research notes that many educational decisions tend to be made using professional judgment alone. Judgments grounded on data, statistical models, and even informal prediction models, however, outperform those based on intuition alone. The purpose of this manuscript is to describe the theoretical basis for signal detection and methods for statistically evaluating diagnostic decisions in education. We make recommendations to help test developers and consumers apply this methodology to other diagnostic systems in education and interpret the use of signal detection methods for educational screeners and diagnostic tests.
Selecting Students at Risk of Academic Difficulties
Authors: Cummings Kelli D. , Smolkowski Keith
Published: June 2015

This paper aims to translate for practitioners the principles and methods for evaluating screening measures in education, including benchmark goals and cut points, from our technical manuscript “Evaluation of Diagnostic Systems: The Selection of Students at Risk of Academic Difficulties” (this issue). We offer a brief description of procedures developed over the past 50 years including the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, the area under the ROC curve as a general measure of screener accuracy, and approaches to selecting a specific cut score to indicate risk. We also provide reporting standards to help practitioners evaluate research on screeners supported by best practices and to encourage researchers to attend to key reporting principles, such as using confidence bounds as estimates of precision. We then discuss examples from the literature and emphasize the imprecision of statistical estimates from small samples. Screeners and diagnostic tests, developed and evaluated with care and implemented consistently in schools, can improve educators’ decisions about resource allocation and ultimately improve the delivery of supports to students.
Antitumor efficacy and intratumoral distribution of SN-38 from polymeric depots in brain tumor model
Authors: Vejjasilpa Ketpat , Nasongkla Norased , Manaspon Chawan , Larbcharoensub Noppadol , Boongird Atthaporn , Hongeng Suradej , Israsena Nipan
Published: June 2015

We investigate antitumor efficacy and 2D and 3D intratumoral distribution of 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38) from polymeric depots inside U-87MG xenograft tumor model in nude mice. Results showed that polymeric depots could be used to administer and controlled release of a large amount of SN-38 directly to the brain tumor model. SN-38 released from depots suppressed tumor growth, where the extent of suppression greatly depended on doses and the number of depot injections. Tumor suppression of SN-38 from depots was three-fold higher in animals which received double injections of depots at high dose (9.7 mg of SN-38) compared to single injection (2.2 mg). H&E staining of tumor sections showed that the area of tumor cell death/survival of the former group was two-fold higher than those of the latter group. Fluorescence imaging based on self-fluorescent property of SN-38 was used to evaluate the intratumoral distribution of this drug compared to histological results. The linear correlation between fluorescence intensity and the amount of SN-38 allowed quantitative determination of SN-38 in tumor tissues. Results clearly showed direct correlation between the amount of SN-38 in tumor sections and cancer cell death. Moreover, 3D reconstruction representing the distribution of SN-38 in tumors was obtained. Results from this study suggest the rationale for intratumoral drug administration and release of drugs inside tumor, which is necessary to design drug delivery systems with efficient antitumor activity.
Factors Affecting Medium-Term Outcomes After Crural Angioplasty in Critically Ischemic Legs
Authors: Mathur K. , Ayyappan M. K. , Hodson J. , Hopkins J. , Tiwari A. , Duddy M. , Vohra Rajiv
Published: June 2015

Objectives:

To study factors affecting patency and medium-term outcomes after crural angioplasty.

Materials and Methods:

All crural angioplasties between March 2003 and September 2010 were reviewed from a prospective database to analyze primary patency, amputation-free survival, and limb salvage.

Results:

Five hundred and twenty-seven limbs in 478 patients (58.7% male, mean age 73.9 ± 0.53 years) were treated. In all, 49.1% were diabetic patients and 7.4% were dialysis dependent. Primary patency was 65.5%, 57.8%, 48.5%, and 32.9% at 1, 6, 12, and 36 months, respectively. Amputation-free survival was 75.2% at 1 year and 59.0% at 3 years. Limb salvage at 3 years was 92.7%. Rutherford categories 5 and 6 had a consistent adverse effect on patency. This led to an adverse amputation-free survival and limb salvage at 3 years.

Conclusion:

Crural angioplasty is an effective treatment for limb salvage. Its outcomes are adversely affected by diabetes, renal disease, coronary disease, and worsening Rutherford grade.
Modeling decoy state Quantum Key Distribution systems
Authors: Mailloux L O , Engle R D , Grimaila M R , Hodson D D , Colombi J M , McLaughlin C V
Published: June 2015

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is an innovative technology which exploits the laws of quantum physics to generate and distribute shared secret key for use in cryptographic devices. Quantum Key Distribution offers the advantage of ‘unconditionally secure’ key generation with the unique ability to detect eavesdropping on the key distribution channel and shows promise for high-security applications such as those found in banking, government, and military environments. However, Quantum Key Distribution is a nascent technology where realized systems suffer from implementation non-idealities, which may significantly impact system performance and security. In this article, we discuss the modeling of a decoy state enabled Quantum Key Distribution system built to study the impact of these practical limitations. Specifically, we present a thorough background on the decoy state protocol, detailed discussion of the modeled decoy state enabled Quantum Key Distribution system, and evidence for component and sub-system verification, as well as, multiple examples of system-level validation. Additionally, we bring attention to practical considerations associated with implementing the decoy state protocol security condition gained from these research activities.
David Ben-Gurion’s leadership as a “two-way interaction process”
Authors: Kabalo Paula
Published: June 2015

The persona, influence, and modi operandi of Israel’s first PM, David Ben-Gurion, have been central in studies on the history of Israel. Relatively few studies, however, focus on the patterns of Ben-Gurion’s leadership in an attempt to decode his personality and the sources of his influence. This article seeks a better understanding about one pattern in Ben-Gurion’s leadership—his communication with “the public” or, to be more precise, with his followers. Below, using Ben-Gurion as a case study, a model is proposed that applies current leadership theories that view the leadership phenomenon as “a relationship that is jointly produced by leaders and followers.”

The article proposes an analysis of Ben-Gurion’s leadership through the conceptualization of leader–follower interrelations, following Sheer’s conceptualization, as a “two-way interaction process [by which] the leader and the member co-contribute to the leadership process”.
Modulation of cardiac L-type Ca2+ current by angiotensin-(1-7): normal versus heart failure
Authors: Zhou Peng , Cheng Che Ping , Li Tiankai , Ferrario Carlos M. , Cheng Heng-Jie
Published: June 2015

Objective:

Recent evidence has shown that, in heart failure (HF), clinically relevant concentrations of angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] counteracts angiotensin II induced cardiac depression and produces positive inotropic effects in both left ventricle (LV) and myocytes. However, the underlying electrophysiological mechanism is unclear. We investigated the role and mechanism of Ang-(1-7) on LV myocyte L-type calcium current (ICa,L) responses in normal state and in HF.

Method:

We compared the effect of Ang-(1-7) (10−5 M) on ICa,L responses in isolated LV myocytes obtained from 11 rats with isoproterenol (ISO) induced HF (3 months after 170 mg/kg subcutaneous for 2 days) and from 8 age-matched normal control rats by patch clamp technique.

Results:

In normal myocytes, compared with baseline, superfusion of Ang-(1-7) caused no significant changes in ICa,L (8.2 ± 0.2 versus 8.0 ± 0.3 pA/pF, p= not significant). In HF myocytes, the baseline ICa,L was significantly reduced (5.3 ± 0.1 versus 8.0 ± 0.3 pA/pF, p < 0.01). Ang-(1-7) produced a 21% increase in ICa,L (6.4±0.1 versus 5.3±0.1 pA/pF, p < 0.01). Pretreatment of HF myocytes with a nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor (L-NAME, 10−5 M) resulted in a significantly greater increase in ICa,L (28%, 8.4 ± 0.1 versus 6.5 ± 0.1 pA/pF, p < 0.01) during Ang-(1-7) superfusion. In contrast, during incubation with the bradykinin (BK) inhibitor HOE 140 (10−6 M), Ang-(1-7) induced increase in ICa,L was significantly decreased. The Ang-(1-7) induced increase in ICa,L was abolished by [D-Ala7]-Ang-(1-7) (A-779, 10−5 M).

Conclusions:

HF alters the response of ICa,L to Ang-(1-7). In normal myocytes, Ang-(1-7) has no significant effect on ICa,L. However, in HF myocytes, Ang-(1-7) increases ICa,L. These effects are mediated by the Ang-(1-7) Mas receptors and involve activation of NO/BK pathways.
The distribution of whole blood viscosity, its determinants and relationship with arterial blood pressure in the community: cross-sectional analysis from the Gutenberg Health Study
Authors: Gori Tommaso , Wild Philipp S. , Schnabel Renate , Schulz Andreas , Pfeiffer Norbert , Blettner Maria , Beutel Manfred E. , Forconi Sandro , Jung Friedrich , Lackner Karl J. , Blankenberg Stefan , Münzel Thomas
Published: June 2015

Background:

Blood viscosity has a role in modulating cardiovascular homeostasis; changes in this parameter have been associated with cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. However, it remains unclear whether these changes are (1) involved in the pathophysiology of disease, (2) an epiphenomenon, or (3) the expression of counterregulatory mechanisms. We report data on the normal values of blood viscosity and its association with cardiovascular risk factors, prevalent cardiovascular disease, and blood pressure in a large population-based cohort study.

Methods and results:

Viscosity was calculated using validated formulae and its associations were explored in 15,010 participants (mean 55.0, min–max: 35–74 years old; 49.5% women) from the Gutenberg Health Study as well as in a subgroup of 3223 subjects (61.1% women, mean age 49.2, min–max 35–74 years old) without risk factors or self-reported cardiovascular disease. Age- and gender-adjusted mean values for viscosity were defined. Regression models showed a relationship between classical risk factors and blood viscosity measures; the overall R2 of the multiple linear regression model was however as low as 0.067 and 0.049 for high and low shear stress viscosity, respectively. After correction for cardiovascular risk factors, there was a very mild association between viscosity and prevalent coronary artery disease and heart failure. Systolic, mean and diastolic blood pressure increased with increasing blood viscosity after correction for age and gender.

Conclusions:

We provide reference values for viscosity in a population-based cohort. Blood viscosity decreases in older subjects and shows a very mild association with cardiovascular risk factors and prevalent disease in our cohort. There is a linear positive association between viscosity and blood pressure.
How to plan a tutorial
Authors: Dattani Anusha
Published: June 2015

Having the opportunity to teach is a wonderful thing. However, depending on your previous experience and training in delivering educational sessions, it can be a daunting experience. The success of a tutorial for both teacher and learner can be facilitated by thorough preparation. This article focuses on planning a tutorial, emphasising the importance of delivery, content and subsequent evaluation.
A rare finding of spiral tacks in bladder and an innovative method of removal
Authors: Starmer Benjamin Z , Brown Stephen CW
Published: June 2015

We present the case of a 59-year-old female who was found to have recurrent urinary sepsis as a result of spiral tacks in the bladder and an innovative method for their removal.
Praziquantel treatment for Platynosomum species infection of a domestic cat on St Kitts, West Indies
Authors: Shell Linda , Ketzis Jennifer , Hall Rebecca , Rawlins Gilda , du Plessis Wencke
Published: June 2015

Case summary

A 1-year-old, female spayed, domestic shorthair, indoor cat on the island of St Kitts was diagnosed with platynosomiasis, infection with a feline-specific liver fluke, and treated with praziquantel at the marketed dose for tapeworms (5 mg/kg; actual calculated dose 5.75 mg/kg). Serial fecal analyses showed that egg counts decreased to zero within 10 days of treatment but re-emerged at day 17 and persisted at low levels until a second treatment was administered on day 78. After the second treatment, all fecal samples (n = 15) from day 85 to day 350 post-initial treatment were negative for Platynosomum ova.

Relevance and novel information

Treatment of platynosomiasis is poorly documented; no drugs are labeled for use against Platynosomum and the efficacy of suggested treatments is unknown. Using 5.75 mg/kg once, a dose that is significantly lower than published recommended doses for platynosomiasis, egg counts initially disappeared but re-emerged and persisted at low levels until a second treatment was administered. We hypothesize that immature forms may not have been killed and subsequently matured to produce eggs, or that the one-time dose may not have been completely effective at eliminating all adult flukes. However, administering praziquantel at 5.75 mg/kg twice, several weeks apart, appeared to be effective in treating this cat with platynosomiasis, as evidenced by monitoring of fecal egg counts over the course of 350 days.
Orbital actinomycotic mycetoma caused by Streptomyces cinnamoneus
Authors: Walton Stuart , Martin Patricia , Tolson Carla , Plumridge Susannah , Barrs Vanessa R
Published: June 2015

Case summary

An 18-month-old male neutered Ragdoll cat presented with an 8 week history of progressive unilateral right-sided mucopurulent nasal discharge and exophthalmos. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a heterogeneous right retrobulbar mass and bilateral nasal cavity disease. Filamentous structures seen on cytology of retrobulbar and nasal biopsies were mistakenly identified as filamentous fungal hyphae. Subsequent investigations revealed that the cat had a retrobulbar actinomycotic mycetoma with invasion of the globe. The aetiological agent was identified on 16S recombinant DNA sequencing as Streptomyces cinnamoneus. After exenteration and chronic antimicrobial therapy the cat was alive and well 3 years after presentation.

Relevance and novel information

This is the first report of a pathogenic role of S cinnamoneus in a cat. Orbital actinomycotic mycetomas in cats can resemble mycotic granulomas.
Successful conservative management of suspected Fournier’s gangrene in cats: three cases
Authors: Vaske Heather H , Ragan Izabela K , Harkin Kenneth R , Lee Karen , Hicks Sarah E
Published: June 2015

Case series summary

Three cats with suspected Fournier’s gangrene had an acute onset of clinical signs and bloodwork changes consistent with sepsis. All cases had similar progression of wounds that were managed without aggressive surgical debridement, which is the currently accepted treatment of choice. All cats survived and have maintained an excellent long-term quality of life.

Relevance and novel information

Fournier’s gangrene is a potentially fatal disease, with few cases reported in the veterinary literature. This retrospective case series describes the only known reports of survival from suspected Fournier’s gangrene cats, none of which required aggressive surgical debridement.
Ascending haemorrhagic myelomalacia associated with systemic hypertension in a hyperthyroid cat
Authors: Ferreira Alexandra , Sottiaux Jacques , Mandara Maria Teresa , Motta Luca
Published: June 2015

Case summary

An 8-year-old domestic shorthair neutered male cat was presented with acute onset of paraplegia, absent nociception on the pelvic limbs, tail and perianal area, and a previous history of uncontrolled hyperthyroidism (even after thyroidectomy) and chronic hypertension. The magnetic resonance findings (heterogeneous intramedullary ill-defined area, isointense on T1-weighted and hyperintense on short tau inversion recovery and T2-weighted scans between T12 and L5 spinal cord segments) were consistent with ascending haemorrhagic myelomalacia, which was confirmed by histopathology. It also revealed myelomalacia associated with diffuse arteriolar hyalinosis, similar to the reports found with hypertensive encephalopathy.

Relevance and novel information

Myelomalacia should be considered as a possible outcome in cats with hypertension. Considering that hypertension is a common consequence of hyperthyroidism, emphasis should be given to blood pressure monitoring, especially after treatment of this condition. We describe the histopathological changes occurring in the spinal cord associated with a state of hypertension.
Migration of a sewing needle foreign body into the brainstem of a cat
Authors: Cottam Emily J , Gannon Kristi
Published: June 2015

Case summary

A 1-year-old, female spayed domestic shorthair cat with a 6 week history of upper respiratory signs and a progressive reluctance to move, which culminated in a right-sided hemiparesis, was found to have a sewing needle foreign body lodged in the brainstem. Surgical extraction of the needle was successful and the cat’s neurological deficits resolved over the days to weeks following its removal.

Relevance and novel information

This case report describes, to our knowledge, the first reported incidence and management of an ingested sewing needle migrating into the central nervous system of a cat.
Island Placenaming and Insular Toponymies
Authors: Nash Joshua
Published: June 2015

AbstractIslands as distinct research sites have been given little specific attention by toponymists. The physical segregation, distinctness, and isolation of islands from continental environments may provide linguists and onomasticians with significant micro case studies for examining the role of toponyms as proper names. This article outlines the possibility of how the cultural and ecological nature of the toponymy of (small) island situations contributes to a place’s onomasticon. It is claimed the principal difference which distinguishes island people from non-island people is island people’s self-perceived difference. It is speculated this difference and awareness can be observed and demonstrated in island toponymies, both through distinction based on belonging to an island-specific language group and through knowledge and use of locally peculiar eponymous toponyms. The argument concludes by suggesting that a description of a place and culture based in the self-perceived awareness of the holders of island placenaming history and knowledge — an island’s toponymic ethnography — is an apt descriptor for future work into islotoponomastics.
An improved multipath MANET routing using link estimation and swarm intelligence
Authors: R. Prabha , N. Ramaraj
Published: June 2015

Routing in ad hoc networks is challenging as nodes are mobile and links are continuously created and broken. Current on-demand ad hoc routing algorithms start route discovery after path break, incurring high cost to detect the disconnection and to establish a new route. Specifically, when a path is liable to break, the source is warned about the likelihood of disconnection. The source then starts path discovery avoiding disconnection entirely. A path is likely to break when link availability decreases. Since routing is nondeterministic polynomial (NP) hard, this work proposes an improved ad hoc on-demand multipath distance vector (AOMDV) based on link availability, neighboring node’s queuing delay, node mobility, and bit error rate. The optimal path is selected using BAT meta-heuristic optimization. Simulation shows improved performance compared to AOMDV.
Antimicrobial activity and mechanisms of Salvia sclarea essential oil
Authors: Cui Haiying , Zhang Xuejing , Zhou Hui , Zhao Chengting , Lin Lin
Published: June 2015

Background

Nowadays, essential oils are recognized as safe substances and can be used as antibacterial additives. Salvia sclarea is one of the most important aromatic plants cultivated world-wide as a source of essential oils. In addition to being flavoring foods, Salvia sclarea essential oil can also act as antimicrobials and preservatives against food spoilage. Understanding more about the antibacterial performance and possible mechanism of Salvia sclarea essential oil will be helpful for its application in the future. But so far few related researches have been reported.

Results

In our study, Salvia sclarea oil showed obvious antibacterial activity against all tested bacterial strains. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericide concentration (MBC) of seven pathogens were 0.05 and 0.1 % respectively. In addition, Salvia sclarea oil also exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and meats. After treated with Salvia sclarea oil, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images can clearly see the damage of cell membrane; the intracellular ATP concentrations of E. coli and S. aureus reduced 98.27 and 69.61 % respectively, compared to the control groups; the nuclear DNA content of E. coli and S. aureus was significantly reduced to 48.32 and 50.77 % respectively. In addition, there was massive leakage of cellular material when E. coli and S. aureus were exposed to Salvia sclarea oil.

Conclusions

Salvia sclarea essential oil damaged the cell membrane and changed the cell membrane permeability, leading to the release of some cytoplasm such as macromolecular substances, ATP and DNA. In general, the antimicrobial action of Salvia sclarea essential oil is not only attributable to a unique pathway, but also involves a series of events both on the cell surface and within the cytoplasm. Therefore, more experiments need to be done to fully understand the antimicrobial mechanism of Salvia sclarea essential oil.
On smoke rings produced by a loop buried in a conductive half-space
Authors: Swidinsky Andrei , Nabighian Misac
Published: June 2015

The transient electromagnetic (TEM) response of a wire loop at the surface of the earth has been studied in detail for several decades. When current in the loop is rapidly switched off, an identical system of current, commonly referred to as a “smoke ring,” is induced in the conductive subsurface and diffuses downward and outward into the earth. What has not been studied as thoroughly is the response of a loop buried within a conductive medium, as might be the case in the marine environment or when TEM prospecting systems are placed in mine tunnels or horizontal boreholes. We have examined the TEM response of a horizontal wire loop buried within a conductive half-space. Expressions were derived for the azimuthal electric field and corresponding vertical and radial magnetic fields. Our results showed that when the loop is far from the earth-air interface, a single smoke ring system diffuses radially outward from the transmitter, while the electric field and corresponding current density decays away in the vertical direction. As the loop approaches the interface, the smoke ring system diffuses radially at early times, but gradually, the complex image of the loop in the air produces a system of secondary azimuthal electric fields, which, when combined with the primary field, adds a vertical component to the field diffusion. At late times, the field behavior reduces to the well-known surface case and the maximum current system diffuses downward at a constant angle of 26° with respect to the plane of the loop. We concluded that it was the effect of the interface that produces the downward migration of a smoke ring system, whereas the outward migration is mainly generated by the primary field.
Seismic characterization of the Grängesberg iron deposit and its mining-induced structures, central Sweden
Authors: Place Joachim , Malehmir Alireza , Högdahl Karin , Juhlin Christopher , Nilsson Katarina Persson
Published: June 2015

We have conducted a reflection seismic investigation over the apatite-iron deposit at Grängesberg in central Sweden. At the time of closure in 1989, the mine was operated using the sublevel caving method down to approximately a 650-m depth. This mining technique caused subsidence and generated a network of faults that propagated from excavated zones at depth up to the surface. The Grängesberg deposit is the largest iron oxide mineralization in central Sweden and is planned to be mined again in the coming years. It is therefore imperative to have a better understanding of the ore geometry and the fault network. A reconnaissance survey consisting of two seismic lines with a total length of 3.5 km was carried out to address these issues. The profiles intersect the Grängesberg deposit and open pit, as well as the major mining-induced fracture zone present in this area. A drop-hammer source mounted on a hydraulic truck was used to generate seismic signals; cabled and wireless receivers were used for the data recording. Preprocessing of the data first required the cable- and wireless-recorded data sets to be merged before stacking all data available at each shot point. Source gathers exhibit reflections from the near surface, probably generated at lithological boundaries hosting the iron mineralization and other geologic structures. Deeper reflections were also observed. The metavolcanic assemblage hosting the mineralization and the anthropogenic fault network were depicted in the stacked sections, bringing in new elements to refine the geologic model of the area. This study also illustrated the ability of reflection seismic methods to delineate mining-induced structures in hard-rock environments. Low-velocity anomalies from the open pit and adjacent structures were depicted in tomographic sections along the two lines, which showed good agreement with known geologic features and the reflection seismic results.
“Look More at the Camera than at Me”
Authors: Vaccaro Jeanne
Published: June 2015

This essay looks at the transgender archive of participant-observer photographer Brian Weil and how his haptic approach to visual material contributes to new reading practices around representational difference.
Drawn from the Scraps
Authors: Hernández Robb
Published: June 2015

This essay is a methodological intervention combining the double meaning of “finding AIDS” as an archival technology of information retrieval and navigational network for AIDS debris. The author principally examines the paper scrap illustrations of late Chicano avant-gardist Mundo Meza, a critical figure in East Los Angeles performance art and yet little known due to his AIDS-related death in 1985. By positing “queer detritus” as a mode of analysis, this essay finds Meza through his residues in divergent textual, visual, and physical conditions. In 2001 his collaborator Robert “Cyclona” Legorreta created a vernacular finding aid consisting of paper remnants. Through weighty annotations, he constitutes Meza's bodily remains in discard. The author argues that Legorreta empowers the scrap, necessitating critical questions over what state of record is necessary to articulate an artist's life. In turn, provenance, fonds, and evidence must be redefined for an “archival body” wrought by AIDS devastation.
Beyond Accountability
Authors: Petro Anthony M.
Published: June 2015

BishopAccountability.org describes itself as “an archive of archives” that seeks to document the sexual abuse crisis in the Roman Catholic Church. It publishes online the records of church administration and abuse for hundreds of dioceses across the United States dating back to the mid-twentieth century. In addition to diocesan and religious order documents, it holds criminal investigation records, accounts from survivors, and media coverage of the crisis. This essay takes up BishopAccountability.org as a queer archive, demonstrating both its effort to liberate victims from the clerical closet and its insistence on the political act of making stories about sex public. Queering this archive also challenges the normative politics of queer history, prompting historians to ask what it would mean to take up the conjunction of these two sites, sexual abuse and Catholicism, as queer—to account not only for sexual practices we value politically but also those we contest.
“Queering the Trans✲ Family Album”
Authors: Brown Elspeth H. , Davidmann Sara
Published: June 2015

Historian Elspeth H. Brown and photographer Sara Davidmann explore the relationship between the family photograph album, trans☼ history, and queer archives. Describing their queer archival work, they address topics including ethics; intertwined histories of racism, colonialism, and normativity in photography; and the violent erasures of sexual and gender minorities within the conventional family photography album. “Family” photographs, so central to the affective production of trans☼ family, however defined, have not been the site of sustained discussion within queer history. Brown and Davidmann argue that family photography can also be a site of trans☼ family belonging and queer kinship, despite histories of violent erasure. They discuss these issues with reference to two image sets from Davidmann's work: one from her own family of origin (Ken. To be destroyed) and one from her (queer and trans☼) family of choice (the Stephen Whittle family album).
Adaptations of protein structure and function to temperature: there is more than one way to ‘skin a cat’
Authors: Fields Peter A. , Dong Yunwei , Meng Xianliang , Somero George N.
Published: June 2015

Sensitivity to temperature helps determine the success of organisms in all habitats, and is caused by the susceptibility of biochemical processes, including enzyme function, to temperature change. A series of studies using two structurally and catalytically related enzymes, A4-lactate dehydrogenase (A4-LDH) and cytosolic malate dehydrogenase (cMDH) have been especially valuable in determining the functional attributes of enzymes most sensitive to temperature, and identifying amino acid substitutions that lead to changes in those attributes. The results of these efforts indicate that ligand binding affinity and catalytic rate are key targets during temperature adaptation: ligand affinity decreases during cold adaptation to allow more rapid catalysis. Structural changes causing these functional shifts often comprise only a single amino acid substitution in an enzyme subunit containing approximately 330 residues; they occur on the surface of the protein in or near regions of the enzyme that move during catalysis, but not in the active site; and they decrease stability in cold-adapted orthologs by altering intra-molecular hydrogen bonding patterns or interactions with the solvent. Despite these structure–function insights, we currently are unable to predict a priori how a particular substitution alters enzyme function in relation to temperature. A predictive ability of this nature might allow a proteome-wide survey of adaptation to temperature and reveal what fraction of the proteome may need to adapt to temperature changes of the order predicted by global warming models. Approaches employing algorithms that calculate changes in protein stability in response to a mutation have the potential to help predict temperature adaptation in enzymes; however, using examples of temperature-adaptive mutations in A4-LDH and cMDH, we find that the algorithms we tested currently lack the sensitivity to detect the small changes in flexibility that are central to enzyme adaptation to temperature.
The Complexity of Computing the Random Priority Allocation Matrix
Authors: Saban Daniela , Sethuraman Jay
Published: June 2015

The random priority (RP) mechanism is a popular way to allocate n objects to n agents with strict ordinal preferences over the objects. In the RP mechanism, an ordering over the agents is selected uniformly at random; the first agent is then allocated his most-preferred object, the second agent is allocated his most-preferred object among the remaining ones, and so on. The outcome of the mechanism is a bi-stochastic matrix in which entry (i, a) represents the probability that agent i is given object a. It is shown that the problem of computing the RP allocation matrix is #P-complete. Furthermore, it is NP-complete to decide if a given agent i receives a given object a with positive probability under the RP mechanism, whereas it is possible to decide in polynomial time whether or not agent i receives object a with probability 1. The implications of these results for approximating the RP allocation matrix as well as on finding constrained Pareto optimal matchings are discussed.
Asomatognosia – la imagen denegada
Authors: Uzeta Carolina Martínez
Published: June 2015

formas que la guerra perpetúa usando el miedo como argamasa; se respira en el aire vital,el aliento ahíto de una paz viciada, frustrada, la que hoy se nos ofrece bajo un nuevo aire,el aroma insular a tabaco. La población civil ha presenciado históricamente este paisaje,el cual comulga sin credo, resistiendo en defensa de su propia dignidad con voluntad de mártir. La visita a tres poblaciones en 2013, donde se concentró la recolección de hoja de koka,nos vincula con el testimonio del raspachín, contrastando con los imaginarios de la estética narco, especialmente de invención mediática. En el marco del Posconflicto colombiano, la verdad como principio, ha sido más bien ajena a aquel, quien desde un pacto de silencio colectivo, permanece al margen esquivando retaliaciones de las fuerzas en pugna: guerrilla,paramilitares y ejército
La ciudad desde los imaginarios urbanos del sabor: Tunja como caso de estudio
Authors: Rodríguez Carlos Mario
Published: June 2015

El artículo presenta los resultados generales de la investigación “Sabores de la ciudad imaginada”, realizada en la ciudad de Tunja, Colombia . Este estudio, hecho desde un enfoque cualitativo y bajo la metodología de análisis de los imaginarios urbanos de la ciudad, se propuso el desarrollo de una lectura de ciudad desde la perspectiva de los habitantes, a partir de la premisa ¿Cuál es el sabor de Tunja? El abordaje al ciudadano se planteó mediante el diseño de tres instrumentos: encuesta, cuestionario e intervención artística, de esta manera, se desarrolló un análisis de las percepciones del sentido del gusto con relación a la ciudad, lo cual demostró que los imaginarios urbanos son expresados, también, por medio de la percepción del sabor y que su análisis permite reconocer relaciones establecidas entre sabores y lugares que tienen que ver con el uso que se le da a los espacios, las rutinas, formas de actuar e ideas comúnmente aceptadas con relación a las características de la ciudad.
Usefulness of several biomarkers in the management of septic patients: C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, presepsin and mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin
Authors: Enguix-Armada Alfredo , Escobar-Conesa Rocío , La Torre Angela García-De , De La Torre-Prados María Victoria
Published: June 2015

Our objective is to analyze whether the combination of C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), presepsin or SCD14-ST and mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM) measured in the first 24 h from ICU admission allowing a better management of septic patients (diagnostic and prognostic) both in severe sepsis (SS) and septic shock (SSh).

Cohort study of 388 patients admitted in the ICU during 12 months of whom 142 were controls. Biomarkers were measured through immunoluminometric assays in samples of serum or plasma within the first 24 h after admission. Data were evaluated with non-parametric statistics bivariant, ROC curve analysis for diagnostic evaluation and multivariate analyses for survival analysis.

In the analyzed cohort, 61.8% of patients were males, mean age: 63 years range (18–90) and 67.8% in controls mean age: 63 years, range (39–91). PCT showed the highest area under the curve (AUC) (0.989) as compared with the rest of biomarkers (p<0.01). PCT also enabled the difference between Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria to be determined. The AUCs for CRP (0.922) and presepsin (0.948) showed a similar diagnostic value. In cases of SSh, the AUC of presepsin experienced a noticeable increase (p<0.0001). MR-proADM showed a better prognostic value (p=0.00022) particularly in cases of SSh (p=0.00001) increasing along with the APACHE-II score.

PCT, MR-proADM and presepsin are complementary markers that could be of great help in the management of septic patients when they are measured in the first 24 h after ICU admission.
Influence of Wall Structure on the Laminar Coupling Flow
Authors: Aifen Li , Haojun Xie , Ke Tao , Gangzhu Li
Published: June 2015

In order to study the effect of wall structure on the pressure-driven flow with slip condition at the fluid/porous interface, three cylindrical arrangements with different internal and surface structure are built. We solve the incompressible Stokes equation in the fluid phase for the cylindrical arrangements using the finite element analysis and solver software, Comsol-Multiphysics. The most suitable interface for determining the slip coefficient is the nominal position above the top cylindrical layer with a characteristic size. Then the streamlines of the fluid flow are shown. With the increase of pressure gradient and Reynolds number, the inertial effect rises and the exchange of fluid at the interface is visible. The permeability value and its growth rate both increase with the increment of the porosity and the internal structure of the porous medium affects the permeability value in an important way. Finally, our results show that the slip coefficient depends on the permeability and the surface structure instead of the porosity.
A Neural Mechanism of Strategic Social Choice under Sanction-Induced Norm Compliance
Authors: Makwana Aidan , Grön Georg , Fehr Ernst , Hare Todd A.
Published: June 2015

In recent years, much has been learned about the representation of subjective value in simple, nonstrategic choices. However, a large fraction of our daily decisions are embedded in social interactions in which value guided decisions require balancing benefits for self against consequences imposed by others in response to our choices. Yet, despite their ubiquity, much less is known about how value computation takes place in strategic social contexts that include the possibility of retribution for norm violations. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to show that when human subjects face such a context connectivity increases between the temporoparietal junction (TPJ), implicated in the representation of other peoples’ thoughts and intentions, and regions of ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) that are associated with value computation. In contrast, we find no increase in connectivity between these regions in social nonstrategic cases where decision-makers are immune from retributive monetary punishments from a human partner. Moreover, there was also no increase in TPJ-vmPFC connectivity when the potential punishment was performed by a computer programmed to punish fairness norm violations in the same manner as a human would. Thus, TPJ-vmPFC connectivity is not simply a function of the social or norm enforcing nature of the decision, but rather occurs specifically in situations where subjects make decisions in a social context and strategically consider putative consequences imposed by others.
The 100-plus-Year-Old Case for a Minimalist Criminal Law (Sketch of a General Theory of Substantive Criminal Law)
Authors: Materni Mike C.
Published: June 2015

Criminal law defines the system of government of which it is the political expression; thus having a normative theory of substantive criminal law is paramount. U.S. criminal law has developed in the absence of such overarching theory, and is now plagued by overcriminalization. This Article advances a model of a minimalist criminal law grounded on strong normative principles that are presented and defended not from the perspective of metaphysics or moral philosophy, but rather in a historical and comparative perspective, as a matter of political choice. Core among those principles is the idea that in a liberal democracy the criminal law should be seen as the extrema ratio, or option of the last resort. After laying out and defending the model, the Article deals with issues related to its implementation, advancing an argument for the constitutionalization of substantive criminal law. The Article argues that, on the basis of existing yet overlooked constitutional doctrine, criminal laws should be subject to at least strict scrutiny.
What Mistake Of Law Just Might Be
Authors: Azmat Ahson T.
Published: June 2015

This Article examines and evaluates a distinctive, increasingly popular account of the Mistake of Law doctrine. The doctrine, deeply ingrained in American criminal law, is at the same time notoriously unclear in its scope, content, and application. A growing number of legal theorists have criticized the traditional interpretation of the doctrine; legal moralists in particular have argued that this account is conceptually confused. Because the doctrine’s use of a strict liability punishment regime does not incentivize individuals to learn the law as well as a negligence regime might, legal moralists argue that the doctrine cannot be explained by a desire to incentivize legal knowledge. In evaluating this argument, the Article defends the traditional account, often identified with the liberal positivism of Justice Holmes. The Article advances three main arguments. First, legal moralism’s claim that a negligence standard is more effective than a strict liability standard in incentivizing individuals to learn the law is false: the safe harbor provision of a negligence rule acts as an insurance effect, disincentivizing individuals to learn the law. Second, legal moralism assumes that the moral content of the criminal law is determinate, and that agents have perfectly rational, objective motivational sets. These are illicit assumptions that result in a flawed argument. Finally, the Article contends that legal moralism misinterprets the structural core of the traditional account: properly understood, the Mistake of Law doctrine employs a negligence–strict liability hybrid, and is thus more sophisticated than legal moralists realize. The Article concludes that, contrary to what a surprising number of criminal law theorists have come to accept, legal moralism fails to make a plausible case against the traditional account of the Mistake of Law doctrine.