bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Saberes compartidos entre estudiantes de magisterio de un intercambio transnacional en formato Blended Learning
Authors: Alsina Tarrés Miquel , Masardo Alex , Mallol Macau Cristina , Farrés Cullell Ivet
Published: September 2022

El formato Blended Learning (BL) permite generar y compartir conocimientos online en el contexto de una comunidad de aprendizaje que tiene, a su vez, la posibilidad de conocerse e interactuar presencialmente. Para el estudio expuesto en este artículo, se ha diseñado una investigación acción en el contexto académico del prácticum de magisterio, sustentada en un intercambio transnacional entre estudiantes de dos universidades, en España e Inglaterra. Para ello se ha habilitado una plataforma de intercambio virtual en la que los participantes han compartido saberes experienciales originados durante sus prácticas externas, en centros educativos de Infantil y Primaria. Antes y durante el proceso de comunicación, tienen lugar encuentros presenciales en los dos contextos nacionales, donde se diseñan y regulan las herramientas del intercambio y se incide en el desarrollo de la interculturalidad de los participantes. Los datos se han extraído y recopilado desde la misma plataforma, utilizada para el intercambio documental de narrativas e imágenes sobre la experiencia formativa in situ de los estudiantes, así como los posteriores diálogos y comentarios generados. Un análisis cualitativo del texto, con un proceso de codificación inductiva, permite identificar tres áreas o categorías matrices de saberes docentes intercambiados: los vinculados a la identificación de la motivación por el aprendizaje; aquellos asociados a los valores de la innovación; y aquellos centrados en los elementos curriculares. En la discusión se abordan las prestaciones de las herramientas online en los intercambios académicos virtuales, así como la vinculación entre saberes docentes y valores formativos del prácticum. Concluimos, finalmente, que el formato BL, por su naturaleza dual y compleja, incide sustancialmente enla naturaleza y dinámicas comunicativas que se establecen entre los participantes, por lo cual debe prestarse especial atención a la gestión, guiaje, y regulación de todo el proceso.
La docencia universitaria y la concepción de los contenidos
Authors: Pineda-Alfonso José Antonio , Márquez-Gerrero Carolina
Published: September 2022

El objetivo de este estudio es medir el impacto, en el desarrollo profesional docente, del curso de formación “Los mapas de contenidos y problemas: otra manera de diseñar la enseñanza” inserto en el “Programa de Formación e Innovación Docente del Profesorado Universitario” (FIDOP), que se viene desarrollando en la Universidad de Sevilla desde el curso 2013/2014. El curso pretende acompañar al profesorado universitario en el proceso de resignificación de los contenidos de enseñanza, con el objetivo de facilitar un cambio desde un modelo centrado en el profesor a un modelo centrado en el aprendizaje de los alumnos. La metodología utilizada en esta investigación responde al modelo de los mixed methods, esto es, incorpora un sistema de categorías y una hipótesis de progresión apriorísticos, el análisis de contenido de los datos y el tratamiento cuantitativo de las unidades de información utilizando el software Atlas.Ti; junto con el análisis cualitativo de fragmentos y unidades discursivas seleccionadas al efecto, que ayuden a capturar el sentido de los datos. Nuestra investigación aporta evidencias sobre la potencialidad para el desarrollo profesional docente universitario del trabajo con mapas de contenidos y problemas. Asimismo, observamos indicios de que el giro en el planteamiento de los contenidos induce modificaciones del modelo metodológico y didáctico. Aporta, además, una caracterización de los itinerarios de progresión y de los obstáculos detectados en la evolución de las concepciones de los contenidos, contribuyendo de esta manera al planteamiento de futuras investigaciones, así como al diseño de programas formativos dirigidos a docentes universitarios.
Brechas de Género en la iniciación a la Programación Informática en Educación Secundaria en España
Authors: Torres Torres Yucnary Daitiana , Román-González Marcos , Pérez-González Juan-Carlos
Published: September 2022

Las habilidades de programación informática (“coding”) resultan fundamentales para la actual sociedad digital, el desarrollo profesional y social. Es precisamente el estudio de la enseñanza-aprendizaje del coding desde una perspectiva de género el motivo de este trabajo. Se analizan las percepciones de estudiantes españoles de secundaria que desarrollan actividades de iniciación al coding en un encuentro internacional conocido como “Hour of Code” (“HoCo”), desde una perspectiva de género. El objetivo de esta investigación busca conocer la percepción y motivación de los estudiantes hacia el coding en general e identificar posibles brechas de género respecto a las siguientes ocho variables: noción de la existencia del coding pre-HoCo (previa al evento HoCo); experiencia en coding pre-HoCo; autoeficacia percibida por los participantes inmediatamente posterior a las actividades del encuentro HoCo; eficacia real en las tareas desarrolladas en la HoCo; motivación e intención-concreta de seguir aprendiendo coding con posterioridad al evento; y relevancia atribuida por los participantes al coding, tanto para su futura vida personal como profesional. Empleamos la metodología de encuesta aplicando un cuestionario a 561 estudiantes de secundaria españoles procedentes de un listado aleatorio de centros educativos de entre los registrados en el evento. Se encontraron brechas de género estadísticamente significativas a favor de los chicos en todas las variables estudiadas, a excepción de las dos últimas variables (relevancia atribuida del coding para la futura vida personal y profesional, en la cual no se hallaron diferencias). Globalmente, nuestros resultados evidencian una importante brecha de género en España (d=0.5) existente en la etapa de Educación Secundaria sobre la predisposición a la enseñanza-aprendizaje del coding, que podría constituir una amenaza a la igualdad de oportunidades. Se sugiere la necesidad de promover una enseñanza-aprendizaje equitativa del coding, así como prestar especial atención a la integración de las chicas en la programación informática desde edades tempranas.
ANALYSIS OF THERMAL STATE OF A WCTC-LEU FUEL ELEMENT OF THE IVG.1M REACTOR WHEN FUEL KERNEL SEPARATING FROM THE CLADDING
Authors: Khasenova S. M. , Stepanova O. A. , Akaev A. S. , Martynenko Ye. A. , Suraev A. S.
Published: September 2022

This article presents an analysis of thermal state of a fuel element of the WCTC-LEU of the IVG.1M reactor implemented for a case when a fuel matrix is separated from the fuel cladding along a short side of the blade. Technology of a fuel element manufacture for the modernized core considers presence of non-uniformity in microstructure. To evaluate how separations of a typical size affects the thermal mode of fuel element operation, temperature fields in cross-sections of the fuel element have been calculated. Thermophysical calculations were conducted using the finite element method with ANSYS program complex. Based on the variants calculation, it was obtained data on the effect of the separation on temperature field distribution of the fuel element during the IVG.1M reactor running at design and nominal power.
MONITORING OF THE ECOLOGICAL CONDITION OF THE SURFACE WATER IN NUR-SULTAN CITY (REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN): ESIL RIVER CASE
Authors: Sataeva A. , Kamal A. , Kerim T. , Isaev J. , Tayanov Zh. , Kim D. , Inglezakis V. , Arkhangelski E.
Published: September 2022

The article presents data on monitoring the ecological state of surface waters in the city of Nur-Sultan (Republic of Kazakhstan) on the example of the Yesil River, taking into account published data. The content of oxygen, anions and cations was studied in two sections of the Yesil River - at the exit from the Vyacheslav reservoir and in the city of NurSultan under the bridge on the Triathlon Park. Samples were analyzed during the year from April 2021 to April 2022. Samples were taken monthly. Anions and cations were analyzed by ion chromatography. A systematic excess of MPC standards for the content of sodium, sulfates and chlorides was established. The content of nitrates and ammonium does not exceed the MPC. The reason is the influence of both agriculture and the utility sector of the city of Nur-Sultan.
STUDY OF PHASE FORMATION PROCESSES IN CER-CER TYPE INERT MATRICES BASED ON OXIDE COMPOUNDS
Authors: Kenzhina I. E. , Shaimerdenov A. A. , Tolenova A. U. , Askerbekov S. K. , Kozlovskiy A. L.
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this work is to study the processes of phase formation in the samples (1-x)ZrO2 – xAl2O3 ceramics depending on the variation of the oxide components, as well as to establish changes in the structural parameters and degree of crystallinity. The choice of zirconium and aluminum oxides as the basis for cer-cer inert matrices for nuclear fuel is due to their physical, chemical, structural and mechanical properties, the combination of which will produce a new type of ceramics with great potential in the field of nuclear fuel. These oxide compounds have high thermal stability and resistance to high temperatures, which also allows their use as a basis for disperse nuclear fuel for new-generation hightemperature nuclear reactors. The method of mechanochemical milling followed by thermal annealing was chosen to obtain ceramics based on oxide compounds. The choice of grinding conditions, as well as the subsequent thermal annealing was chosen to initiate the processes of phase transformations and structural changes as a result of thermal influence and partial relaxation of the deformation distortions and metastable formations initiated during grinding. The X-ray diffraction method was chosen as the main method to study the processes of phase transformation and structural changes. During the studies it was found that the addition of aluminum oxide leads to the structural ordering of the main monocline phase ZrO2, as well as the formation of solid solutions of substitution and introduction. At equal concentrations of the oxide components using the method of X-ray phase analysis was established polymorphic phase transformation in zirconium dioxide, the presence of which indicates the processes of phase transformation arising from the addition of zirconium oxide and changes in the phase formation processes.
İşletmelerin Dijital Dönüşüm Yolculuğunda Liderlik: Transformasyonel (Dönüşümcü) Liderlikten Dijital Liderliğe
Authors: TELLİ Eda
Published: September 2022

Teknolojinin getirdiği yenilikler ve gelişmelerle çalışma hayatındaki değişimler işletmeleri yakından etkilemektedir. Günümüzde işletmeler faaliyetlerinde sürdürülebilirliği sağlamak için dijitalleşmeyi iş süreçlerine entegre edebilmesi gerekmektedir. Böylelikle dijitalleşmenin sunduğu fırsat ve gelişmelerle birlikte dijital teknolojileri kullanarak dijital dönüşümü gerçekleştirebilen işletmeler, iş süreçlerinde verimlilik sağlayacak ve uzun dönemde varlığını sürdürecektir. Bu açıdan bakıldığında bugünün işletmeleri, dijital teknolojiyi kullanabilecek, yönetebilecek, yeniliğe ve yaratıcılığa açık, değişimi sağlayabilecek ve dolayısıyla işletmeyi geleceğe taşıyacak liderlere ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Son yıllarda liderlik ile ilgili çalışmalara bakıldığında dijital liderliği kavramsal ya da kuramsal açıdan inceleyen pek çok çalışmanın olduğu görülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, küresel çapta yaşanan değişim ve gelişmelerin beraberinde getirdiği dijitalleşmenin etkilerini işletmelerin dijital dönüşüm yolculuğunda liderlik bakış açısıyla incelemek ve öneriler getirmektir. Ayrıca dijital liderliğin kuramsal temeline dayandığı düşünülen dönüşümcü liderlik ve dijital liderlik yaklaşımlarının rolünü ilgili yerli ve yabancı literatürde yer alan kaynaklarla incelenerek ve artan önemi nedeniyle dijital liderliğin net çerçevesinin çizilmesini sağlamaktır.
Evaluation of Customer Complaints for Online Food Ordering Web Sites Using The MARCOS Method
Authors: DEMİRTAŞ Mehmet Can
Published: September 2022

Customer complaints against businesses are considered as communication that provides the chance to identify and resolve the factors limiting competition in the current situation by allowing direct market data to be obtained. However, the concept of complaint inherently contains negative feedback, so the numerical increase that may occur in complaints also brings into account the errors that occur in the activities of the enterprises. For this reason, a correct complaint management process should be planned for businesses to provide a customer-oriented competitive advantage. This study aims to evaluate and analyze customer complaints about companies named "getir, yemeksepeti, tiklagelsin, and Trendyol Yemek" operating in the field of online food ordering in Turkey, by obtaining the data from the website named "sikayetvar". The MARCOS Method (Measurement Alternatives and Ranking according to the COmpromise Solution), which is among the multi-criteria decision-making techniques in recent years, has been used in the analysis process, in which thirteen criteria are used in total and the most recent 500 orders of each company are taken into consideration. As a result of the study, it was found that the ranking of the companies in terms of complaint management is "yemeksepeti, tiklagelsin, getir, and trendyol yemek".
The influx of Perpetual Reforms to Cope with Global Challenges in Educational Governance (A Case Study of China-Pakistan Higher Education)
Authors: Tunio Shahnawaz , Unar Narjis , Malik Ghulam Abbas
Published: September 2022

Reforms in higher education have occurred practically the world over during last three decades, and governance, or higher education as it is, or as it should be integrated, , has turned into a major problem. The governance of institutions of tertiary education is a concern for developing world. These institutions have unrestricted autonomy on the one side, but they are also answerable to the society and government on the other. Against this backdrop, Chinese higher educational governance reform and Pakistani tertiary education arose. The present studies on both countries' higher education changes mostly focus on the reform processes and consider the governments as the driving force behind the reforms, while the Chinese and Pakistani governments' susceptibility to the impact of overseas influences is largely unexplored.. The focus of this article is on the restructuring tactics used by both governments to develop their university systems well-organized and achieve a competitive advantage in the international market. In China, university mergers ought not to be viewed as a simple reform of higher education, however more as a radical shift in governance of tertiary education from “interventionist state model” to “accelerationist state model.” Instead of the nation-state collapsing, as a result of globalization, this article demonstrates how changes in Chinese institutions may not necessarily reduce the state's capabilities, but rather make the Chinese government more proactive in specific areas. Higher education institutions in Pakistan are constantly hounded by the government to supervise their operations, despite the fact that they now have complete autonomy following the 18th amendment, which introduced improvements to Pakistan's constitution by decentralizing power and giving provinces autonomy. It is concluded, based on an examination of the Chinese government’s and Pakistan government’s latest documents and literature which are influenced by international reform concepts and theories which have been institutionalized through the rhetoric of global bodies and the successful experiences of other countries.
Linking Entrepreneurial Satisfaction with elements of entrepreneurial ecosystem
Authors: Parhyar Amanullah , Sethar Waqar Ahmed , Malokani Dodo Khan Alias Khalid , Pathan Muhammad Shoiab Khan
Published: September 2022

The entrepreneurial ecosystem in developing countries is not as vibrant as in the developed countries, this is because of the inherent institutional, organizational, and framework conditions that exist in these countries, bureaucracy is one of the reasons that affects entrepreneurship in these countries and especially startups, this study aims to investigate these hypotheses, for this study 214 owners and founders of companies and startups were selected randomly from different areas of Sindh, Pakistan. Using PLS-SEM we investigated how different domains affect entrepreneurial satisfaction including bureaucracy. Our findings suggest that bureaucracy significantly affects the entrepreneurial satisfaction region as this study suggests in the case of Pakistan. These results indicate the need for changing the model of the entrepreneurial ecosystem where bureaucracy should be incorporated to make this model work in the context of developing countries.
effect of exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation on DNA methylation and relation to genomic stability
Authors: Mohammed Zahraa M , Lafta Fadhel M
Published: September 2022

Ionizing radiation is one of the toxic and carcinogenic factors that potentially have direct and indirect long-term effects that are depending on the amount of doses and periods of exposure to radiation. These risks can appear in the form of changes in gene expression due to the influence of epigenetic mechanisms, especially DNA methylation. Exposure of DNA methylation to ionizing radiation for long periods of time can lead to genetic instability, which can be passed down through generations. In this review will. The aim of this study is to shine new light on these debates through an examination of.
Técnicas de Exploración Laparoscópica. Una revisión de literatura
Authors:   Universidad Tecnológica ECOTEC. Guayaquil, Ecuador., SALVADOR FERNÁNDEZ CARLOS LUIS , ALVARADO ÁLVAREZ ALEXANDRA MARÍA ,   Universidad Tecnológica ECOTEC. Guayaquil, Ecuador., BERRUZ ALVARADO STEVEN JAVIER ,   Universidad de Guayaquil. Guayaquil, Ecuador.
Published: September 2022

La medicina es una de las áreas que mayormente se ha visto beneficiada por la innovación, nuevas técnicas y el uso de tecnologías. Este progreso tecnológico en la medicina ha sido constante y perpetuo y ha permitido responder a las necesidades de la sociedad, por lo que los profesionales de esta rama deben estar continuamente en formación y especialización para crear nuevos desarrollos evolutivos que permitan la detección, el diagnóstico y la realización de procedimientos quirúrgicos menos invasivos, disminuyendo impactos y lesiones en los pacientes. Los procedimientos médicos que aplican técnicas de invasión mínima permiten que los pacientes tengan menores daños en su cuerpo, las recuperaciones son más rápidas, el dolor es menor, se generan menos complicaciones y la hospitalización es más corta y entre estos esta la laparoscopia, la cual es uno de los métodos más utilizados a nivel mundial y con gran variabilidad de aplicación. El acceso hacia la cavidad abdominal puede ser cerrado o abierto y para ello se utilizan diversas técnicas de entradas como la de Aguja de Veress para entradas cerradas o la técnica de Hasson para entradas abiertas además de la visión directa; lo que llevo a centrar este estudio en las técnicas de exploración laparoscópica. Este artículo fue elaborado mediante una metodología con modalidad de revisión bibliográfica y enfoque documental, encontrando que no existen diferencias significativas a favor de una u otra técnica en cuanto a complicaciones mayores con cada una y su selección dependerán fundamentalmente de la comodidad y de la destreza del cirujano.
A REVIEW OF MECHANOCALORIC REFRIGERATION DEVICES FROM 2012 TO 2020
Authors: Foleis G. L. , Colman F. C. , Oliveira J. C. D. de
Published: September 2022

Solid-State room temperature refrigeration devices have been reported extensively in the last decades with a focus on magnetocaloric effect materials, a thermal response to an applied magnetic field in a solid refrigerant. Currently, the limitations to generate large magnetic fields needed for better efficiencies have posed a challenge to rival current standard vapor compression cycles. Conventional refrigerants in standard vapor cycles are expected to contribute to global warming close to 25000 kgCO2,eq over the next 100 years. The need to overcome such challenges has driven a search for alternative i-caloric effects such as electrocaloric which is the thermal response of the material to the application of an electric field and mechanocaloric, a thermal response to the application of a stress field. Recently, the latter effect is being reported and categorized by the type of stress field applied. They are named elastocaloric for uniaxial stress, barocaloric for isostatic stress, and torsiocaloric for pure shear. Due to its simple stress, elastocaloric regenerators with shape memory alloys (SMA) were reported first. With a design similar to shell-tube heat exchanger with SMA being the shell and tubes while the heat transfer fluids (HTF) flows within the tubes. Promising thermodynamic cycle parameters such as coefficient of performance COP 11.0 with a temperature span of 24.6 K subject to a strain of 4.5% have been achieved with this design. Another device was reported working in a continuous non-regenerative manner with steady state being reached within seconds presented COP of 9.5 and a heat load of 250 W for a temperature span of 10K. As for barocaloric materials some researchers announced that are currently developing devices with these phenomena. Its main challenge is to elaborate a design that allows cyclic isostatic stress application, usually achieved by encapsulating the barocaloric material. One research group presented a study on a simulated active barocaloric regenerator on metal alloys and Acetoxy Silicone Rubber (ASR). The most recent mechanocaloric effect is the torsiocaloric. Two devices for measuring the torsiocaloric effect where presented, one in a batch form and another setup similar to a heat exchanger shell-tube where the tube is the solid-state refrigerant that can be twisted while in direct contact with the HTF flowing on the shell side. Thus, we aim to provide an in-depth analysis of recent studies of mechanocaloric devices describing their working cycles, thermodynamic parameters, HTF circuits and comparing their design choices, and forecast the design of near future mechanocaloric solid-state devices.
What we Have (and Have not) Learned from Early Research on China’s Engagement in the Pacific
Authors: Noakes Steve , Powles Anna
Published: September 2022

Culling a selective yet representative set of works on China’s growing presence in Pacific Island countries (PICs), this essay reviews and critically assesses early contributions to the field. To date, these contributions been motivated by two primary goals: a) gathering high-quality descriptive data on precisely what China does in individual PICs, in what amounts projects are funded, and by which actors projects are designed, negotiated, and carried out, and b) attempts to theorise China’s motivations for providing such aid and investment. However, we also find that research on the way local actors shape and influence Chinese engagement, and how China adapts to local norms and behaviours, is thin at best, as are appraisals of the impacts of Chinese aid at the local and national levels more broadly. We conclude that these extant gaps comprise an agenda for further empirical research, and that filling them necessitates attention to Pacific experiences of Chinese aid at the micro, meso, and macro levels.
Outside in the Moana? Chinese International Students’ Experiences of Studying in Pacific Studies at The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Authors: Du Bangguo , Thomson Thomson
Published: September 2022

Scholarship that explores the experiences of Chinese International Students in New Zealand have identified language barriers, differing rationale in classroom participation and “face” as a concept that mediates their scholastic journey. At the University of Auckland, New Zealand, the majority of Chinese international students take up majors such as finance, computing and engineering. This paper is the first to explore the experiences of Chinese international students majoring in Pacific Studies at a postgraduate level. We make use of data gleaned from critical autoethnographic and talanoa interview methods to explore the uniqueness of this positionality through a thematic talanoa. In doing so we argue their experiences are similar but also differ in important ways from other Chinese international students, in that those in Pacific Studies were also presented with a greater awareness of the need to negotiate their lives between multiple cultural contexts: Mainstream New Zealand society, Pacific Studies – a learning environment that emphasises decolonisation and Indigenous knowledge – while living as Chinese students in a foreign land
Editor’s Note – The Global Pacific: Coastal and Human Habitats
Authors: Fookes Ian
Published: September 2022

As a lecturer at Waipapa Temata Rau / University of Auckland, my primary purpose is to help students improve their written, spoken, and visual communication in academic and business contexts. This role is informed by my teaching and learning experiences in Tahiti, France, Japan, and New Zealand. I serve a range of communities within academia and am involved in editing Ekistics and the New Habitat, an international peer-reviewed journal presenting research into the problems and solutions of human settlements. Through my research portfolio, I seek to understand the ways that intercultural experience influences the representation of other cultures, and how the experience of writing and art making leads to self-knowledge and identity construction. This research informs my contribution to Asian Studies and Comparative Literature, as a course coordinator, guest lecturer, and postgraduate supervisor.
Application of Bacterial Endophytes to Control Bacterial Leaf Blight Disease and Promote Rice Growth
Authors: Ooi Ying Shing , Mohamed Nor Nik M. I. , Furusawa Go , Tharek Munirah , Ghazali Amir H.
Published: September 2022

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) causes bacterial leaf blight (BLB) disease in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and it is among the most destructive pathogen responsible for severe yield losses. Potential bacterial biocontrol agents (BCAs) with plant growth promotion (PGP) abilities can be applied to better manage the BLB disease and increase crop yield, compared to current conventional practices. Thus, this study aimed to isolate, screen, and identify potential BCAs with PGP abilities. Isolation of the BCAs was performed from internal plant tissues and rhizosphere soil of healthy and Xoo-infected rice. A total of 18 bacterial strains were successfully screened for in vitro antagonistic ability against Xoo, siderophore production and PGP potentials. Among the bacterial strains, 3 endophytes, Bacillus sp. strain USML8, Bacillus sp. strain USML9, and Bacillus sp. strain USMR1 which were isolated from diseased plants harbored the BCA traits and significantly reduced leaf blight severity of rice. Simultaneously, the endophytic BCAs also possessed plant growth promoting traits and were able to enhance rice growth. Application of the selected endophytes (BCAs-PGP) at the early growth stage of rice exhibited potential in suppressing BLB disease and promoting rice growth.
Optimization of the Bacteriophage Cocktail for the Prevention of Brown Blotch Disease Caused by Pseudomonas tolaasii
Authors: Yun Yeong-Bae , Um Yurry , Kim Young-Kee
Published: September 2022

Brown blotch disease, caused by Pseudomonas tolaasii, is one of the most serious diseases in mushroom cultivation, and its control remains an important issue. This study isolated and evaluated pathogen-specific bacteriophages for the biological control of the disease. In previous studies, 23 varieties of P. tolaasii were isolated from infected mushrooms with disease symptoms and classified into three subtypes, Ptα, Ptβ, and Ptγ, based on their 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis and pathogenic characters. In this study, 42 virulent bacteriophages were isolated against these pathogens and tested for their host range. Some phages could lyse more than two pathogens only within the corresponding subtype, and no phage exhibited a wide host range across different pathogen subtypes. To eliminate all pathogens of the Ptα, Ptβ, and Ptγ subtype, corresponding phages of one, six, and one strains were required, respectively. These phages were able to suppress the disease completely, as confirmed by the field-scale on-farm cultivation experiments. These results suggested that a cocktail of these eight phages is sufficient to control the disease induced by all 23 P. tolaasii pathogens. Additionally, the antibacterial effect of this phage cocktail persisted in the second cycle of mushroom growth on the cultivation bed.
Complete Mitochondrial Genome Sequences of Korean Phytophthora infestans Isolates and Comparative Analysis of Mitochondrial Haplotypes
Authors: Seo Jin-Hee , Choi Jang-Gyu , Park Hyun-Jin , Cho Ji-Hong , Park Young-Eun , Im Ju-Sung , Hong Su-Young , Cho Kwang-Soo
Published: September 2022

Potato late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans is a destructive disease in Korea. To elucidate the genomic variation of the mitochondrial (mt) genome, we assembled its complete mt genome and compared its sequence among different haplotypes. The mt genome sequences of four Korean P. infestans isolates were revealed by Illumina HiSeq. The size of the circular mt genome of the four major genotypes, KR_1_A1, KR_2_A2, SIB-1, and US-11, was 39,872, 39,836, 39,872, and 39,840 bp, respectively. All genotypes contained the same 61 genes in the same order, comprising two RNA-encoding genes, 16 ribosomal genes, 25 transfer RNA, 17 genes encoding electron transport and ATP synthesis, 11 open reading frames of unknown function, and one protein import-related gene, tatC. The coding region comprised 91% of the genome, and GC content was 22.3%. The haplotypes were further analyzed based on sequence polymorphism at two hypervariable regions (HVRi), carrying a 2 kb insertion/deletion sequence, and HVRii, carrying 36 bp variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs). All four genotypes carried the 2 kb insertion/deletion sequence in HVRi, whereas HVRii had two VNTRs in KR_1_A1 and SIB-1 but three VNTRs in US-11 and KR_2_A2. Minimal spanning network and phylogenetic analysis based on 5,814 bp of mtDNA sequences from five loci, KR_1_A1 and SIB-1 were classified as IIa-6 haplotype, and isolates KR_1_A2 and US-11 as haplotypes IIa-5 and IIb-2, respectively. mtDNA sequences of KR_1_A1 and SIB-1 shared 100% sequence identity, and both were 99.9% similar to those of KR_2_A2 and US-11.
Population Structure of Stagonosporopsis Species Associated with Cucurbit Gummy Stem Blight in Korea
Authors: Jeong Yong-Jik , Kwon Oh-Kyu , Jeong A-Ram , Lee Hyunji , Moon Hyeran , Lee O New , Hong Jeum Kyu , Park Chang-Jin
Published: September 2022

Gummy stem blight (GSB), a common and serious disease in cucurbits worldwide, is caused by three genetically distinct species: Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum (syn. Didymella bryoniae), S. citrulli, and S. caricae. In Korea, however, the three species of Stagonosporopsis have been barely characterized. In this study, 21 Stagonosporopsis isolates were recovered from watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) and muskmelon (Cucumis melo) leaves and stem showing blight symptoms collected from 43 fields in Korea. Sequence analysis performed with an internal transcribed spacer region was not competent to differentiate the Stagonosporopsis isolates. On the contrary, analysis of β-tubulin (TUB) genes and three microsatellite markers, Db01, Db05, and Db06, successfully differentiated Stagonosporopsis isolates. Further sequence analysis identified two Stagonosporopsis species, S. citrulli and S. caricae, and one previously unknown species of Stagonosporopsis. Representative isolates from three species caused dark water-soaked lesions on the detached watermelon and muskmelon leaves with no significant differences in the aggressiveness. Our results indicate that the S. citrulli, S. caricae, and unknown Stagonosporopsis sp. are all causal agents of GSB for both watermelon and muskmelon. This is the first report of a new species and the population structure of Stagonosporopsis species causing GSB in Korea.
Survey and Identification of Didymellaceae Causing Stem Canker Disease of Eucalyptus (E. camaldulensis) in Ethiopia
Authors: Admasu Wendu , Sintayehu Assefa , Gezahgne Alemu
Published: September 2022

Plantation forests are established by planting Eucalyptus tree species to provide timber and pulp for the construction industries and to meet the energy needs in Ethiopia. Besides the extensive Eucalyptus plantations in the country, fungal pathogen-related diseases are the main challenges to successful production and management. The disease survey was conducted in the Eucalyptus growing areas of Ethiopia during 2019/2020 and 2020/2021. The objective of this research was to assess the diseases associated with Eucalyptus plant species and identify the causal fungal species. Plants of E. camaldulensis were the dominant species in the survey fields and were severely associated with stem and branch canker diseases. Diseased samples were collected and fungal species were identified as Didymellaceae according to culture morphology and affirmed by internal transcribed spacer sequence analysis. In phylogeny, isolates in the study and a reference strain formed supportive monophyletic clades with strong 90% and 95% support with Didymella coffeae-arabicae and Didymella pinodella respectively. Pathogenicity tests revealed that Didymellaceae could infect E. camaldulensis. The findings are the first reports of Eucalyptus stem canker disease caused by Didymellaceae in Ethiopia.
Antibiotic Resistance of Pectobacterium Korean Strains Susceptible to the Bacteriophage phiPccP-1
Authors: Vu Nguyen Trung , Roh Eunjung , Thi Thuong Nguyen , Oh Chang Sik
Published: September 2022

Commercial products with antibiotics like streptomycin as active ingredients have been used to control soft rot disease caused by Pectobacterium species for a long time. In this study, antibiotic resistance of twentyseven Korean strains of Pectobacterium species including P. carotovorum, P. odoriferum, P. brasiliense, and P. parmenteri, which were previously shown to be susceptible to the bacteriophage phiPccP-1 was surveyed using a disk diffusion assay. While all strains were highly susceptible to ampicillin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and rifampicin, some strains showed weak susceptibility to 300 μg/ml of streptomycin. Furthermore, some of them are partially or completely resistant to commercial pesticides—Buramycin and streptomycin at the concentration of 250 μg/ml that is recommended by the manufacturer for streptomycin- based pesticides. These results indicate the presence of streptomycin-resistant Pectobacterium strains in South Korea, and the development of antibiotic alternatives to control soft rot is needed.
Investigation of Organic and Inorganic Contaminants in Water Sources around Elbistan Lignite Beds
Authors: DOĞRUL SELVER Ayça , URAS Yusuf
Published: September 2022

The household and industrial use, as well as mining of coal, pose various environmental and health risks including lung and kidney diseases such as Balkan Endemic Nephropathy (BEN). BEN is a kidney disease and it is geographically confined to Balkan countries where extensive lignite deposits are located. The most accepted cause of BEN is the use of untreated waters contaminated by lignite-derived organic contaminants. Afşin-Elbistan basin contains approximately 50 % of the lignite reserves of Turkey which makes it an ideal location for the current study. In this work, water samples were taken from 10 different locations in the Afşin-Elbistan basin and they were analyzed for organic and inorganic contaminants. Results showed that none of the water samples were contaminated with inorganic contaminants and indeed met the Turkish drinking water standards. GC-MS analyses of the water samples revealed similar chromatograms. Briefly, all the water samples have similar organic compound types such as n-alkanes, chlorophyll-derived phytols, and plant- and animal-derived acids (i.e. palmitic acid). On the other hand, none of the samples were contaminated with carcinogenic and/or nephrotoxic organic compounds such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons and aromatic amines, which is contrary to many, but not all of the previous works conducted in Balkan countries. All these results may indicate that the influence of coal deposits on the groundwaters is minimal.
Development of a middle school science Q&A chatbot using Doc2Vec and analysis of student’s queries
Authors:   Center for Educational Research, Min Gyeongmo , Yoo Junehee
Published: September 2022

In this study, a method of constructing a science Q&A chatbot developed by a teacher for students at a specific middle school was introduced, and implications were obtained by analyzing student's queries. The chatbot built its own server using a Korean morpheme analyzer and a document classification model based on Doc2Vec.
As a result of operating the chatbot service for three semesters, half of the queries were related to the subject, and the other half were non-curricular, such as small talk. The students used the chatbot a lot to prepare for the test, and they used it more after school by taking advantage of the merit of all day operation. In order to increase the usage of educational chatbots, it is necessary to build a dataset based on students' actual queries and improve the search algorithm to increase the probability of getting appropriate answers that match the students' intentions. Even if a chatbot is created for the purpose of Q&A in science subjects, it should be able to cover both subject and non-curricular areas according to the needs of students.
Development and Validation of Filipino Learners’ Academic Resilience Scale (FLARS)
Authors: Honra J R
Published: September 2022

Academic resilience can lead to better behavior and results for disadvantaged learners since they can achieve good educational outcomes despite diversity. Several studies mentioned that various protective factors could affect resilience among students. On the other hand, several risk factors also directly affect its development among learners. This research provides a scholarly source for developing a scale that determines the level of academic resiliency of selected secondary school students and describes its psychometric features. The preliminary items for the scale were drafted based on the literature review and personal interviews using open-ended questions with secondary school students in Bulacan. The interview questions were based on the risk and protective factors for academic resilience suggested by Kutlu and Yavuz (2016). The scale used a four-point Likert scale, with higher scores indicating greater academic resilience. After validating the preliminary scale, the researcher analyzed the validity and reliability of the new scale items among 591 students. Using exploratory factor analyses, two primary factors were extracted – internal and external protective factors - with 37 items for FLARS. Several well-recognized criteria for the factorability of a correlation were used. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy was .915, above the commonly recommended value of .6, and Bartlett’s test of sphericity was significant (X2(666)=7351.246, p < .05). Also, the overall Cronbach’s alpha was .901, which showed very high reliability. Therefore, the FLARS instrument is reliable and valid. It can measure the level of academic resilience of secondary school students. However, it might be readministered to a bigger sample for greater reliability, validity, and generalizability of results.
5E Öğrenme Modeli Uygulamalarının Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Akademik Başarılarına, Ekolojik Ayak İzi Farkındalıklarına ve Sürdürülebilir Çevreye Yönelik Tutumlarına Etkisi
Authors: GÜLEÇ Sevda , ORHAN Ahmet Turan
Published: September 2022

Bu çalışmada 8. sınıf öğrencilerinde 5E öğretim modeli uygulamalarının enerji dönüşümleri ve çevre bilimi ünitesinde akademik başarılarına, sürdürülebilir çevreye yönelik tutumlarına ve ekolojik ayak izi farkındalıklarına etkisi araştırılmıştır. Araştırmada nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden ön test - son test deney kontrol gruplu yarı deneysel desen kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2020-2021 eğitim öğretim yılında öğrenim gören 34 öğrenci (17 deney, 17 kontrol) oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmacı tarafından yürütülen dersler, kontrol grubunda mevcut öğretim programının öngördüğü şekilde işlenirken, deney grubunda ise 5E öğretim modeli ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre deney grubu öğrencileri kontrol grubu öğrencileri ile karşılaştırıldığında, enerji dönüşümleri ve çevre bilimi ünitesi akademik başarılarında, ekolojik ayak izi farkındalıklarında ve sürdürülebilir çevre tutumlarında anlamlı bir artış tespit edilmiştir. 5E öğretim modeli uygulamaları öğrencilerin; enerji dönüşümleri ve çevre bilimi ünitesinde başarılı olmalarına katkı sağlamış, ekolojik ayak izi farkındalıklarını ve sürdürülebilir çevreye yönelik tutumlarını artırdığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ekolojik ayak izi içerikli ya da çevreye yönelik tutumları artıracak uygulamalı çalışmalar sınırlı olduğundan dolayı bu konuda daha fazla çalışma ile literatüre katkı sağlanabilir.
DROUGHT STRESS EFFECTS ON RESISTANT GENE EXPRESSION, GROWTH, AND YIELD TRAITS OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.)
Authors: FARHOOD A.N. , MERHIJ M.Y. , AL-FATLAWI Z.H.
Published: September 2022

The study comprised two experiments that were carried out for two consecutive years (2019–2020 and 2020–2021) at the Agricultural Research Station, Babil Governorate, Iraq. In the first experiment, seven wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, viz., Iraq, Ezz, Abba-99, Furat, Sham-6, N-70, and Tamoz, were studied for most drought- tolerant genes in 2019–2020. During this year, three drought-tolerant wheat cultivars, i.e., Iraq, Tamoz, and Abba-99, were selected having the most drought-tolerant genes. In the second experiment, the three selected drought-tolerant wheat cultivars under three different drought stress conditions (D-1, D-2, and D-3) were studied during 2020–2021 in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications using a split-plot arrangement. The study aimed to determine the impact of drought effects on the expression of drought-resistant genes, growth, and yield traits in wheat. The results showed that wheat cultivars differed in their possession of drought-resistant genes (ABC4, GPAT, GBSS1, and umc1283), and the bands appeared in cultivars, Iraq, Tamoz, and Abba-99, while the rest of the four cultivars had lost one or two genes. Cultivar Iraq was distinguished as the most drought-tolerant genotypes, by having an increased relative expression of genes, ABC4 and GPAT, compared with other cultivars. The D-3 - drought stress condition caused a significant reduction in the biological and grain yield, and harvest index, with a decrease of 38.85%, 12.60%, and 29.83%, respectively. Cultivar Iraq was the least affected for plant height, flag leaf area, tillers meter2, biological and grain yield, and harvest index when increasing drought severity, and these traits decreased by 16.96%, 24.08%, 44.17%, 28.08%, 15.10%, and 15.29%, respectively. Results authenticated wheat cultivars differed in the expression of drought-resistant genes, and drought resistance is largely controlled by genes.
İŞLETMELERDE BÜYÜME STRATEJİLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR VAKA ANALİZİ
Authors: KAYRA Fettah
Published: September 2022

Bu çalışmada amaç, X Grubu ’na bağlı Y Gıda ’nın 2008 yılında uyguladığı bir stratejiyi ve bu stratejinin sonuçlarını analiz etmektir. Merkezi Bursa’da olan bu grup 2000’e yakın çalışanın istihdam edildiği ve önemli markalara sahip bir şirketler grubudur. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmış olup veriler yarı yapılandırılmış mülakatlarla elde edilmiştir. Araştırma deseni vaka analizi, bir başka deyişle durum çalışmasıdır. Araştırmada, gruba bağlı olan bir gıda şirketinin genel müdürü ile 2016 yılında yüz yüze görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgulara göre, 2008 yılında hazır gıda sektöründe zayıf bir durumda olan X Grubu, neredeyse monopol olan rakibinin güçsüz yönlerinden faydalanmış ve pazardaki üretim açığını görerek pazar payını artırmayı amaçlamıştır. Elde edilen verilere göre gruba bağlı gıda şirketi çok küçük ölçekli bir yapıya sahipken uyguladığı stratejiler doğrultusunda teknik ve beşeri sermayesini artırarak cirosunu ilk yıl % 420, ikinci yıl ise % 1200 oranında artırmıştır. Bu durum, gerçekleşme süreci ve sonuçları bakımından başarılı bir büyüme hikâyesi olarak incelenmeye değer bir konudur.
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT MINERAL INCLUSIONS IN ANCHOVY BYPRODUCT BASED FEEDS ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF RED CLAW CRAYFISH, Cherax quadricarinatus
Authors: JAMIL MUHAMMAD KHAIRUL ASHRAF , SHAPAWI ROSSITA , YONG ANNITA SEOK KIAN , LIM LEONG SENG , TUZAN AUDREY DANING , ABD HALID NUR FATIHAH
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different mineral inclusion in anchovy by-product (ABP) based feeds on the growth performance of red claw crayfish juveniles, Cherax quadricarinatus. A total of five experimental feeds with the inclusion of different mineral levels from 0-2.0% of the diet (M0, M0.5, M1.0, M1.5, & M2.0%) were fed to triplicate groups of 12 juvenile red claw crayfish with an average initial body weight of 2.20±0.10 g. There was no significant difference in terms of final body weight (g), final length (cm), weight gain (%), length gain (%), specific growth rate (%/d), and survival rate (%) of the juvenile red claw crayfish at the end of the feeding trial. Feed conversion ratio ranged from 1.60 (M0.5) to 1.76 (M1.0). Similar to the growth performance, the molting frequency was not affected by the different mineral inclusions in the feeds. Mineral inclusion in the feeds based on ABP can be reduced up to 0%, at least in a short culture period, and higher possibility of including minerals less than 2% in the feeds for juvenile red claw crayfish in a long-term culture period. Considering the good growth and survival of juvenile red claw crayfish in all treatments, the use of ABP as a source of protein and mineral in feeds for juvenile red claw crayfish is highly recommended as this will reduce the feed cost due to the much lower price of ABP. It can be concluded that the anchovy by-product meal used in the present study is a high potential ingredient to supply dietary protein and minerals in the formulated feeds for juvenile red claw crayfish
The Sadrist movement in Iraq
Authors: Mansour Renad , Robin-D’Cruz Benedict
Published: September 2022

The populist Iraqi cleric Muqtada al-Sadr, who led the Shia Islamist Sadrist bloc to a shock victory in the October 2021 elections, prompted heightened political instability in the country in 2022 by announcing his withdrawal from both the process of forming the next government and from Iraqi politics in general. Sadr’s decision to send his followers to invade Iraq’s parliament and Baghdad’s fortified Green Zone then sparked violent conflict that killed dozens. This marked a shift away from the cleric’s previous strategy of building a power base within Iraq’s prevailing political consensus, the muhasasa ethno-sectarian system, towards a much riskier and more destabilizing form of protest-based politics. These events demonstrated the social power held by the Sadrist movement and by its voter base, which is largely made up of poor urban Iraqis and which constitutes one of the largest Islamist movements across the Middle East. The authors of this paper present the findings of a bespoke sociological and political survey of more than 1,000 residents of the Baghdad closed district known as Sadr City, and analyse the shifting trajectory of the Sadrist movement and its implications for Iraq.