bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three new species of Septobasidium (Septobasidiaceae) from Hainan Province in China
Authors: Chen Suzhen , Guo Lin
Published: October 2012

Three new Septobasidium species are described: S. capparis on Capparis membranifolia associated with Andaspis sp., S. reevesiae on Reevesia longipetiolata associated with Lepidosaphes sp., and S. dacrydii on Dacrydium pierrei
associated with Pinnaspis sp. They were collected from Hainan Province, China.
A new species of Bipolaris from Iran
Authors: Ahmadpour Abdollah , Heidarian Zeinab , Donyadoost-Chelan Maryam , Javan-Nikkhah Mohammad , Tsukiboshi Takao
Published: October 2012

Bipolaris salkadehensis sp. nov., isolated from the leaves of Sparganium erectum (Thyphaceae) and Cladium mariscus (Cyperaceae) collected in Iran, is described and illustrated. The new species is characterized by straight to slightly curved subcylindrical
to fusoid conidia with end cells demarcated by thick dark septa and with monopolar and bipolar germination. Morphological data and ITS+5.8SrDNA sequence analyses support B. salkadehensis as a distinct species of Bipolaris.
A new species of Infundichalara from pine litter
Authors: Koukol Ondřej
Published: October 2012

A new species of Infundichalara (anamorphic Helotiales), a hitherto monotypic genus, is described from pine needle litter. Infundichalara minuta sp. nov. forms two conidiophore types. Erect penicillate conidiophores producing catenulate non-septate hyaline conidia
form more frequently than Chalara -like conidiophores with funnel-shaped collarettes produce wedge-shaped phialoconidia. Although its morphological characters correspond more with Xenopolyscytalum, a three-region DNA analyses (ITS, 28S rDNA and EF-1α) of Infundichalara,
Xenopolyscytalum, and related Chalara species in the Helotiales confirm the phylogenetic position of the new species within Infundichalara. It differs from I. microchona by smaller phialides and wedge-shaped conidia.
A new species of Inonotus (Hymenochaetaceae) and Trametes cingulata (Polyporaceae) newly recorded from Brazil
Authors: Abrahão Maira Cortellini , Gugliotta Adriana de Mello
Published: October 2012

Two interesting species found during a survey of polypore fungi in northwestern São Paulo State, Southeast Brazil, are described and illustrated. Inonotus multisetifer is proposed as a new species characterized by resupinate basidiomata with round to angular pores, 6–9
per mm, acute setal hyphae embedded in trama, subulate hymenial setae, and globose to subglobose basidiospores. Trametes cingulata constitutes a first record from Brazil.
Systematics of the Gomphales: the genus Gomphus sensu stricto
Authors: Giachini Admir J. , Camelini Carla M. , Rossi Márcio J. , Soares Cláudio R. F. S. , Trappe James M.
Published: October 2012

Gomphus sensu lato (Gomphales) was described to include species of cantharelloid-gomphoid fungi that had 'merulioid' (wrinkled) hymenia and verrucose spores. Gomphus sensu stricto is currently characterized by unipileate to merismatoid (composed of several pilei)
basidiomata, depressed funnel- to fan-shaped pilei, presence of clamp connections, and verrucose spores; it has three described species: G. brunneus, G. clavatus, and G. crassipes. Basidiomata and spore features are reliable identifiers of Gomphus sensu stricto
that distinguishes the species from other genera in the Gomphales.
Myxomycetes from China 15: Arcyria galericulata sp. nov.
Authors: Zhang Bo , Li Tian-Hao , Wang Qi , Li Yu
Published: October 2012

A new species, Arcyria galericulata, is described and illustrated with scanning electron micrographs. This species is characterized by a helmet-like (galeiform) structure at the top of the sporocarp. Holotype and isotype specimens are deposited in the Herbarium of Mycological
Institute of Jilin Agricultural University (HMJAU), Changchun, China.
A new species of Conidiobolus (Ancylistaceae) from Anhui, China
Authors: Nie Yong , Yu Cui-Zhu , Liu Xiao-Yong , Huang Bo
Published: October 2012

Conidiobolus sinensis was isolated from plant detritus in Huoshan, Anhui Province, eastern China. It produces primary conidiophores from cushion mycelium, which is distinct from all other species in the genus except C. stromoideus and C. lichenicola. Morphologically
C. sinensis differs from C. stromoideus in the shape of the mycelia at the colony edge and conidiophore length and from C. lichenicola by colony color and mycelial form. A phylogram based on partial 28S rDNA and EF-1α sequences from 14 Conidiobolus species
shows C. sinensis most closely related to C. stromoideus, forming a clade of sister taxa with a 100% bootstrap. DNA similarity levels between these two species were 94% (28S rDNA) and 96% (EF-1α). Based on the morphological and molecular evidence, C. sinensis is
considered a new species.
New combinations in Lactifluus. 3. L. subgenera Lactifluus and Piperati
Authors: Verbeken A. , Van de Putte K. , De Crop E.
Published: October 2012

In this last of a series of three papers, new combinations in the genus Lactifluus are proposed. This paper treats Lactifluus subg. Lactifluus (an autonymous subgenus) and Lactifluus subg. Piperati (proposed as a new subgenus). In Lactifluus
subg. Lactifluus, six sections are recognized (five of them as new combinations) and 46 new combinations are proposed at species level. In Lactifluus subg. Piperati, two sections are recognized (as new combinations) and nine new species combinations are proposed. In addition,
new combinations are proposed for an unassigned section and its single species as well as for three unassigned species.
Entomophthoromycota: a new phylum and reclassification for entomophthoroid fungi
Authors: Humber Richard A.
Published: October 2012

One result of the recent phylogenetically based rejection of the phylum Zygomycota was the description of the subphylum Entomophthoromycotina (not assigned to any phylum) for fungi traditionally treated in the order Entomophthorales. More extensive gene-based analyses
of these fungi suggest that they represent a monophyletic lineage distinct from all other fungi that deserves now to be recognized at the level of a new fungal phylum. These molecular data and further analyses of more traditional taxonomic criteria lead to this reclassification that still
treats these fungi in six families but recognizes the new classes Basidiobolomycetes, Neozygitomycetes, and Entomophthoromycetes as well as the new order Neozygitales. Ballocephala and Zygnemomyces are excluded from Entomophthorales (Meristacraceae)
and should be reclassified among the Kickxellomycotina.
A new species of the lichen genus Phlyctis from Maharashtra, India
Authors: Chitale Gayatri , Makhija Urmila
Published: October 2012

A new species, Phlyctis communis, characterized by 8-spored asci, 7−14(−16) transversely septate ascospores, and salazinic and norstictic acids, is described from India.
Cantharellus zangii, a new subalpine basidiomycete from southwestern China
Authors: Tian Xiao-Fei , Buyck Bart , Shao Shi-Cheng , Liu Pei-Gui , Fang Yan
Published: October 2012

Cantharellus zangii is described and illustrated from subalpine forest (>3000 m) in northwestern Yunnan, China. The diagnostic characteristics of C. zangii are the small thinfleshed fruit bodies with a long tapering fistulose stipe, a bright orange veined hymenophore,
thin-walled clamped hyphae, and large ellipsoid basidiospores. So far it is only known from the type locality and its nearby area.
The Use of Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) and Social Network Site (SNS) Hosted Forums in Higher Education
Authors: Hollyhead Andrew , Edwards David J. , Holt Gary D.
Published: October 2012

Grounded theory is used to examine the role and application of both educator-led and student-led forums within a virtual learning environment (VLE) of a higher education institution (HEI). The study reports experiences and perceptions of academics in two faculties (business and technology) in the HEI who use both asynchronous VLE forums and social network sites (SNSs) such as Facebook. Interview data were transcribed, coded and analysed to identify emergent themes and patterns of commonality. Differences between faculties are identified, including those relating to the type, frequency and breadth of forum usage. The results suggest that students' voluntary use of SNSs as a complement to formal learning is culturally embedded in the HEI and constitutes a widely accepted ‘integral’ part of the learning experience. Such rapidly evolving usage could present future challenges for educators, not least because SNS-hosted learning materials and patterns of SNS use may be obscured from them. There are also challenges relating to educators' duty of care, surreptitious exchange of information (for example, assessment information) and unhelpful criticism of HEIs.
A Modular Approach for Training Employees in the Automotive Service Sector
Authors: Arslan Rıdvan , Kuş Abdil
Published: October 2012

Certified education aimed at developing and documenting professional growth is an important issue for lifelong learning in developing countries. Some firms and educational institutions have applied different educational models to keep up with technological innovations. This study examines a Turkish programme for employees in the automotive sector and asks how the programme should be developed, where it should be conducted, and how it should be evaluated. The aim of the analysis is to develop a certification programme with the cooperation of both the academy and the business sector. Within the scope of the model, 560 people were trained and certified in three years with the support of institutional partnerships and non-governmental organizations. During this process, Bosch Aftermarket signed the Modular Education Act and, consequently, 220 Bosch employees were also trained. The effectiveness of the three-year educational programme was assessed using 360-degree self- and peer-evaluation. When the goals and the outcomes of the programme are compared, the levels of participants' satisfaction and demand for increasing collaboration are encouraging.
Forecasting Tourism Demand: The Role of Seasonality
Authors: Vergori Anna Serena
Published: October 2012

Most tourism destinations are affected by seasonality. Seasonal demand causes various problems for local firms and administrations hampering the efficient use of available facilities and the development of local capabilities. This paper discusses, from an econometric point of view, another important issue stemming from strong seasonality: the effect on forecasting tourist flows. This aspect of seasonality is addressed through an analysis of tourist arrivals in the Province of Lecce, southern Italy.
Satellite Accounts for the Tourism Industry: Structure, Representation and Estimates for Ireland
Authors: Kenneally Martin , Jakee Keith
Published: October 2012

This article constructs tourism satellite accounts (TSAs) for Ireland and provides a simple matrix representation of how TSAs estimate value added, domestic product and employment. The authors calculate how much tourism has contributed, directly and in total, to Irish value added, domestic product and employment. They find that TSA-measured domestic tourism consumption in Ireland is over five times the traditional official estimate and that tourism indirectly contributes around a further 50% of its direct contribution to Irish GDP. As such, tourism is found to be Ireland's second largest ‘industry’ in terms of gross value added and that it is Ireland's largest employer. The analysis shows why tourism policies based on traditional estimates of the tourism industry are likely to be misguided.
Tourists' Length of Stay: The Case of International Summer Visitors to Norway
Authors: Thrane Christer , Farstad Eivind
Published: October 2012

Tourists' length of stay is a variable of key importance for any tourism destination due to its crucial effect on overall tourism expenditure. This study, using several econometric techniques, examines how nationality and a number of other independent variables affect length of stay. The empirical setting is the inbound summer tourism market in Norway, and the data refer to a large-scale visitor survey conducted in 2007. The results show that nationality explains many of the differences in length of stay among international visitors to Norway. The results also highlight how international visitors' age, spending patterns and other trip-related characteristics are associated with length of stay. The implications of the findings for tourism policy, segmentation and further research are, finally, discussed.
Research Note: Why don't They Travel Any More?
Authors: Kimmm Jeongsun
Published: October 2012

The application of the three-step coding of grounded theory is used to analyse the travel constraints and management strategies of 24 Korean interviewees aged 40 and over. These interviewees are categorized into travellers and non-travellers. Travellers include ‘constraint haves’ and ‘constraint have-nots’, while non-travellers are ‘constraint haves with travel desire’ or ‘constraint haves without travel desire’. Twenty-one participants had constraints, and 20 out of 21 chose not to travel any more, mainly owing to time and money factors.
Research Note: Threshold Effects on Development of Tourism and Economic Growth
Authors: Wang Yu-Shan
Published: October 2012

This paper uses 1996–2006 data on the top 10 countries in the 2008 Country Brand Index to examine threshold effects. When exchange rate changes are higher than the threshold value, the coefficient is positive. This means that continued tourism development can greatly enhance economic growth. If a currency continues to depreciate dramatically, the correlation between the two will disappear. The interactions between tourism development and economic growth are different under various ratio threshold values of exchange rate changes. This study shows that, if the government pays attention to trends in exchange rates and implements appropriate policies, tourism can effectively boost economic growth; at the same time, inflation suppresses economic growth. Tourism can potentially contribute to economic development and so it is advisable for governments to dedicate strategic resources to tourism in order to boost short-term economic growth.
Research Note: Seasonality Patterns in Asian Tourism
Authors: Chen Tingzhen , Pearce Philip L.
Published: October 2012

Seasonality in tourism brings about difficulties for consumers, business operators and the settings in which they operate. Existing tourism seasonality literature focuses on European and North American cold climate examples, thus limiting the applicability to Asian and tropical settings. The objective of this paper is to develop a comprehensive approach to defining all types of seasonality in Asian tourism. This task is addressed by examining monthly arrivals at five key Asian destinations and the four top Chinese tourist areas. From the resulting 285 patterns of visitor movements, six types of pattern were identified in Asian tourism: the ‘rolling hills’, the ‘plain’, the ‘single-peak mountain’, the ‘multi-peak mountains’, the ‘basin’ and the ‘plateau’.
The Economic Efficiency of the Tourism Industry: A Global Comparison
Authors: Hadad Sharon , Hadad Yossi , Malul Miki , Rosenboim Mosi
Published: October 2012

Although the measurement of efficiency and productivity in the tourism industry at the micro level has been the subject of considerable research in recent years, there has been little research at the macro level. Using data envelopment analysis, this paper analyses the efficiency of the tourism sector in 105 countries, including 34 developed and 71 developing countries. It finds that globalization and accessibility are critical for the efficiency of the tourism sector in developing countries and that labour productivity may be a good proxy for the efficiency of the aggregate tourism industry.
Meal Category Analysis: An Application of the Metafrontier Approach
Authors: Fang Chin-Yi , Hsu Fu-Sung
Published: October 2012

This study contributes to the literature on menu analysis by applying metafrontier-to-data envelopment analysis (MDEA) to the restaurant industry. MDEA, incorporating multiple outputs and inputs, was used to distinguish retainable, improved and undesirable items on a menu, and to identify differences in the proficiency level among heterogeneous meal categories based on the metatechnology ratio (MTR). The findings indicate that the MTR of meal categories (entrées and appetizers) prepared in each restaurant was inferior to the value of meal categories produced in a central kitchen. Slack-based improvements suggested from MDEA can improve the efficiency of menu items.
La Unión de Informadores Gráficos de Prensa (UIGP). Aportaciones al fotoperiodismo en la Segunda República Española
Authors: Sánchez Vigil Juan Miguel Miguel , Olivera Zaldua María
Published: October 2012

Durante la Segunda República española se produjo un cambio considerable en el fotoperiodismo, debido al uso de las nuevas cámaras de pequeño formato (Leica y Contax) y a la incesante actividad social, cultural y política. En 1934 se fundó en Madrid la Unión de Informadores Gráficos de Prensa (UIGP) cuyo primer objetivo fue la defensa de los derechos de los reporteros gráficos en el ejercicio de su profesión. Durante dos años y medio, hasta el levantamiento militar de julio de 1936, fue el organismo encargado de regular la actividad de los fotógrafos de prensa vinculados a los principales diarios, revistas y agencias con sede en la capital. Se presenta en este artículo la creación y actividad de la UIGP a partir del análisis de la documentación inédita de la asociación.
Autoevaluación de la competencia informacional en los estudios de Psicología desde la percepción del estudiante.
Authors: Pinto Molina María , Puertas Valdeiglesias Susana
Published: October 2012

Teniendo como referencia la implantación del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior, se aborda la autoevaluación de las competencias informacionales por parte de los estudiantes universitarios de Psicología.Se utiliza como instrumento de diagnóstico el cuestionario IL-HUMASS, que centra su atención en estas cuatro dimensiones clave: búsqueda, evaluación, procesamiento y comunicación-difusión de la información y desde un triple enfoque: importancia, autoeficacia y hábitos de aprendizaje. Se presentan los resultados obtenidos destacando cuáles son las competencias que mejor y peor valoran los estudiantes según los cursos y las que consideran que tienen mayor competencia, así como cuales son las que más dificultades tienen en su comprensión y puesta en práctica. Como conclusiones se ofrece una propuesta de intervención que ayude a mejorar las debilidades detectadas en su competencia informacional.
A casa da sabedoria - Uma leitura dos estatutos da Biblioteca Pública de Évora de 1811
Authors: Lourenço Vaz Francisco António
Published: October 2012

La Biblioteca Pública de Évora debe su fundación y sus valiosos fondos a la iniciativa de D. Manuel del Cenáculo. Los primeros años de la institución fueron marcados por la inestabilidad y la guerra, la biblioteca fue saqueada por el ejército francés en 1808 y una parte sustancial de su colección fue destruida. Con los Estatutos de 1811, el fundador dotaba la biblioteca de un financiamiento generoso y de personal que quería al servicio del público e de una colección de gran valor, no sólo libros, sino también obras de arte, antigüedades y productos naturales. Con este trabajo se presenta un breve informe histórico de la biblioteca y analiza las ideas expuestas en su estatutos, comparándolos con la legislación y otros documentos nacionales e internacionales de cariz o bibliotecológico. También se evaluará el cumplimiento de un propósito establecido en el estatutos, convertir la biblioteca en una "Casa de la Sabiduría".
Psy des villes, psy des champs : quelles différences ?
Authors: St-André Élise
Published: October 2012

Dans cette réflexion, l’auteure parle dans un premier temps de sa pratique psychiatrique actuelle dans une clinique externe de psychiatrie urbaine. Elle réfléchit sur le stress, dont souffrent de nombreux patients, et sur ses incidences sur les patients. Qu’est-ce que le stress ? Qu’est-ce que le stress posttraumatique ? Quelles sont les incidences ? Comment les patients s’y adaptent-ils ? Elle répond par des exemples cliniques. Dans la suite de sa réflexion, elle revient sur sa pratique psychiatrique rurale pour en dégager les différents aspects qui mettent en relief les différences entre la pratique psychiatrique urbaine et rurale.
L’accueil des patients psychotiques au long cours dans le système français de psychiatrie publique
Authors: Laugier Françoise , Toliou Anastasia , Kapsambelis Vassilis
Published: October 2012

Cet article aborde la réhabilitation des patients psychotiques chroniques telle qu’elle a été pensée et développée en France au cours de ces 60 dernières années. Après un tour d’horizon des aspects historiques et législatifs du mouvement de réhabilitation psychosociale, nous décrivons les différents aspects que peut couvrir cette terminologie, et donnons un aperçu des différentes structures qui existent aujourd’hui en France. Afin d’éclairer notre propos, nous développons particulièrement la spécificité des soins de réhabilitation telle qu’elle a été conçue à l’Association Santé mentale dans le 13e arrondissement de Paris, créée en 1958 comme expérience pilote de la future sectorisation en France. La conception des soins qui est la nôtre a voulu favoriser la mise en place de structures qui vont du foyer sanitaire accueillant les patients les moins autonomes, à l’accompagnement à domicile le plus éloigné des soins psychiatriques à proprement parler. Entre ces deux pôles, nous avons à la fois créé des structures intermédiaires, mais également développé un partenariat avec les structures médico-sociales et sociales pour favoriser le passage de l’institution à la cité.
La psychoéducation pour les troubles bipolaires : recension des écrits et recommandations pour le système de santé québécois
Authors: Provencher Martin D. , Hawke Lisa D. , Bélair Meggy , Guimond Anne-Josée
Published: October 2012

Le trouble bipolaire est une maladie chronique caractérisée par une récurrence des rechutes thymiques, et par des symptômes résiduels interférant avec le fonctionnement de l’individu. La pharmacothérapie demeure la pierre angulaire du traitement. Malheureusement, la médication a des effets limités sur certains aspects de la maladie, sans compter qu’une grande proportion de patients présente des problèmes d’observance à leur traitement pharmacologique. Cette recension des écrits aborde le rôle de la psychoéducation comme traitement complémentaire dans la prise en charge des patients bipolaires. Les différentes modalités de psychoéducation structurée, dont deux programmes psychoéducatifs manualisés appuyés par des données probantes, sont présentées. Dans une perspective de transfert des connaissances, des recommandations pour l’implantation de la psychoéducation dans le système de santé québécois sont proposées.
Jeu pathologique chez les patients atteints de la maladie de Parkinson
Authors: Nadeau Dominic , Giroux Isabelle , Dufour Julie , Simard Martine
Published: October 2012

Le jeu pathologique consiste en une pratique inadaptée, persistante et répétée du jeu qui a des répercussions majeures sur les individus touchés, leur famille et la société (APA, 2003). Plusieurs facteurs de risque de nature biologique, psychologique et sociale ont été soulevés comme pouvant contribuer au jeu pathologique. Une nouvelle population à risque a récemment été découverte : les patients atteints de la Maladie de Parkinson. Le développement d’un jeu pathologique chez ces patients serait principalement relié à une médication associée au traitement de la Maladie de Parkinson, les agonistes dopaminergiques. Bien qu’une recrudescence d’études neurologiques qui s’intéressent à ce phénomène ait été notée, peu d’intervenants semblent être au courant de cette problématique et peu de recherches ont été réalisées afin d’étudier les aspects psychologiques de cette problématique.
A More Selective vs a Standard Risk-Stratified, Heparin-Based, Obstetric Thromboprophylaxis Protocol
Authors: Champion Macie L. , Blanchard Christina T. , Lu Michelle Y. , Shea Ashley E. , Lively Anna I. , Jenkins J. Morgan , Howell Samantha E. , Lee Grace M. , Casey Brian M. , Battarbee Ashley N. , Subramaniam Akila
Published: June 2024

Importance

In 2016, our institution adopted a pregnancy-related venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis protocol based on American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists guidelines that recommended postpartum heparin-based chemoprophylaxis (enoxaparin) based on a risk-stratified algorithm. In response to increased wound hematomas without significant reduction in VTE using this protocol, a more selective risk-stratified approach was adopted in 2021.

Objective

To evaluate outcomes of the more selective risk-stratified approach to heparin-based obstetric thromboprophylaxis (enoxaparin) protocol.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Retrospective observational study of 17 489 patients who delivered at a single tertiary care center in the southeast US between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2018 (original protocol), and between December 1, 2021, and May 31, 2023 (more selective protocol). Patients receiving outpatient anticoagulation for active VTE or high VTE risk during pregnancy were excluded.

Exposure

Standard risk-stratified and more selective postpartum VTE chemoprophylaxis protocols.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was clinical diagnosis of wound hematoma up to 6 weeks pos tpartum. The secondary outcome was new diagnosis of VTE up to 6 weeks post partum. We compared baseline characteristics and outcomes between groups and estimated adjusted odds ratios with 95% CIs of primary and secondary outcomes using the original protocol group as reference.

Results

Of 17 489 patients included in the analysis, 12 430 (71%) were in the original protocol group and 5029 (29%) were in the more selective group. Rates of chemoprophylaxis decreased from 16% (original protocol) to 8% (more selective protocol). Patients in the more selective group were more likely to be older, be married, and have obesity or other comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, cardiac disease). Compared with the original protocol, the more selective protocol was associated with a decrease in any wound hematoma (0.7% vs 0.3%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.38; 95% CI, 0.21-0.67), specifically due to a lower rate of superficial wound hematomas (0.6% vs 0.3%; aOR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.24-0.75). There was no significant increase in VTE or individual types of VTE (0.1% vs 0.1%; aOR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.12-1.36).

Conclusions and Relevance

A more selective risk-stratified approach to an enoxaparin thromboprophylaxis protocol for VTE was associated with decreased rates of wound hematomas without increased rates of postpartum VTE.
Advancing Precision Equity With Multicancer Detection Liquid Biopsies
Authors: Semenkovich Nicholas P. , Agarwal Gautum , Chaudhuri Aadel A.
Published: June 2024

This Viewpoint discusses the clinical and socioeconomic potential of multicancer detection liquid biopsies.
Anti-VEGF Pharmaceutical Prior Authorization in Retina Practices
Authors: Dang Sabin , Parke D. Wilkin , Sodhi Guneet S. , Eichenbaum David , Nielsen Jared , Danzig Carl , Lalwani Geeta , Moinfar Nader , London Nikolas , Kimura Alan , Jumper J. Michael , Lord Ken , Sheth Veeral , Pieramici Dante , Orlin Anton , Madson Allison , Horton Monica , Blim Jill , Cao Jessica A. , Thompson John , Khanna Saira , Wykoff Charles C. , Shah Ankoor R.
Published: June 2024

Importance

Anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) intravitreal injections, a mainstay of treatment for many retinal diseases to optimize visual outcomes, have been included in prior authorization (PA) initiatives. However, if clinicians are extremely accurate in their use of anti-VEGF medications, such administrative burdens may need reconsideration.

Objective

To quantify PA for anti-VEGF medications (aflibercept, ranibizumab, and bevacizumab) that were approved and determine associated administrative burdens experienced by retina practices.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Prospective multicenter quality improvement study conducted from January 2022 through June 2022, and participants were 9 private retina practices across the US.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Overall rate of approval of PA requests, reasons for requesting PA, and overall rate of delay of care resulting from PA procedures.

Results

In total, 2365 PA requests were recorded, 2225 of which met inclusion criteria. Overall, 2140 (96.2%) requests were approved. The most common reason for requesting PA, at 64% (1423 of 2225 requests), was reauthorization for a previously utilized medication. Of the 2140 approvals, 59.6% (1277) resulted in a delay in care greater than 24 hours, and 40% (863) were given on the date of service. In a granular analysis of a subset of delayed approvals, 23.9% (173 of 725) were approved within 1 day, 15.9% (115 of 725) were approved within 2 to 3 days, 21.5% (156 of 725) were approved within 4 to 7 days, 26.3% (191 of 725) were approved within 8 to 31 days, and 12.4% (90 of 725) were approved within more than 31 days. Overall, PA denial for step therapy was 2.9% (65 of 2225) of requests and uncovered diagnoses was 0.9% (20 of 2225) of requests. The median staff time spent to obtain a single PA was 100 (range, 0-200) minutes.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this study, PA requests were almost always approved but led to a delay in patient care in most patients. The current study suggests that the PA process may not be effective for retina specialists if these results can be generalized to other practices in the US and if less burdensome and less costly approaches could result in similar approval rates. Potential short-term solutions may include eliminating the PA process for bevacizumab and reauthorizations for established patients.
Delivery of TGFβ3 from Magnetically Responsive Coaxial Fibers Reduces Spinal Cord Astrocyte Reactivity In Vitro
Authors: Funnell Jessica L. , Fougere Jasper , Zahn Diana , Dutz Silvio , Gilbert Ryan J.
Published: June 2024

A spinal cord injury (SCI) compresses the spinal cord, killing neurons and glia at the injury site and resulting in prolonged inflammation and scarring that prevents regeneration. Astrocytes, the main glia in the spinal cord, become reactive following SCI and contribute to adverse outcomes. The anti‐inflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGFβ3) has been shown to mitigate astrocyte reactivity; however, the effects of prolonged TGFβ3 exposure on reactive astrocyte phenotype have not yet been explored. This study investigates whether magnetic core‐shell electrospun fibers can be used to alter the release rate of TGFβ3 using externally applied magnetic fields, with the eventual application of tailored drug delivery based on SCI severity. Magnetic core‐shell fibers are fabricated by incorporating superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) into the shell and TGFβ3 into the core solution for coaxial electrospinning. Magnetic field stimulation increased the release rate of TGFβ3 from the fibers by 25% over 7 days and released TGFβ3 reduced gene expression of key astrocyte reactivity markers by at least twofold. This is the first study to magnetically deliver bioactive proteins from magnetic fibers and to assess the effect of sustained release of TGFβ3 on reactive astrocyte phenotype.
Microstructural Evolution and Deformation Mechanisms of In Situ TiC Reinforced Ti‐6Al‐4V Composites during High‐Temperature Hot Compression
Authors: Dong Longlong , Zheng Zekun , Tuo Jingpeng , Li Xiang , Tang Yan , Fu Yongqing , Elmarakbi Ahmed , Cui Wenfang , Zhou Lian , Zhang Yusheng
Published: June 2024

Deformation processing is a key strategy to improve the strength‐ductility of metal matrixcomposites. Herein, TiC/TC4 composites are spark plasma sintered usingreinforcement precursors of reduced graphene oxide to reinforce TC4 matrix. Inorder to investigate the hot deformation behaviors and mechanisms of TiC/TC4 composites, the composites are hot compressed over temperature range of 870–1070 °C and strain range of 0.001–10 s−1. The results indicate that the optimal processing window of hot deformation ismainly within the temperature range of 890–970 °C and the strain rate range of 0.01–0.1 s−1. The flow instability of TiC/TC4 composites occurs in the temperature range of 890–930 and 1000–1060 °C at the strain rate range from 0.1 to 10 s−1. The thermal deformation mechanism of TiC/TC4 composites in the processingwindow region involves continuous dynamic recrystallization and discontinuous dynamic recrystallization. TiC can effectively hinder thedislocation motion, leading to the generation of high‐density dislocationsaround TiC. Consequently, this promotes sub‐grains formation and rotation,facilitating CDRX. Meanwhile, TiC particle induces high‐angle grain boundarymigration and provides more nucleation sites for recrystallized grains. These findings enhance understanding the role of hot deformation behaviors of Ti compositesand provide insights into their deformation processing.
Robust Giant Tunnel Electroresistance and Negative Differential Resistance in 2D Semiconductor/α‐In2Se3 Ferroelectric Tunnel Junctions
Authors: Luo Yingjie , Chen Jiwei , Abbas Aumber , Li Wenbo , Sun Yueyi , Sun Yihong , Yi Jianxian , Lin Xiankai , Qiu Guitian , Wen Ruolan , Chai Yang , Liang Qijie , Zhou Changjian
Published: June 2024

Ferroelectric tunnel junctions (FTJs) have gained substantial attention as emerging electronic devices such as nonvolatile memory and artificial synapse, owing to their low power consumption and nonvolatile properties. In this work, a 2D semiconductor (2DS)/α‐In2Se3/metal FTJ structure is proposed that combines a semiconductor ferroelectric material and a semiconducting electrode. The incorporation of 2DS not only enhances the barrier height modulation but also provides an effective approach to mitigate the thermionic current leakage. Notably, the proposed MoS2/α‐In2Se3/Ti FTJs exhibit both room‐temperature negative differential resistance (NDR) effect and high tunnel electroresistance (TER) exceeding 104 simultaneously. Furthermore, the versatility of this structure extends to several 2DS (including MoS2, PdSe2, and SnSe2) and graphene electrodes to rationalize both tunneling and thermionic current transport mechanisms. The proposed 2DS/α‐In2Se3/metal FTJs present great superiority over existing structures in terms of robustness, temperature independence, high TER, and versatility for various potential application scenarios.
Charged Black‐Hole‐Like Electronic Structure Driven by Geometric Potential of 2D Semiconductors
Authors: Shin Bong Gyu , Park Ji‐Hoon , Kong Jing , Jung Soon Jung , Song Young Jae
Published: June 2024

One of the exotic expectations in the 2D curved spacetime is the geometric potential from the curvature of the 2D space, still possessing unsolved fundamental questions through Dirac quantization. The atomically thin 2D materials are promising for the realization of the geometric potential, but the geometric potential in 2D materials is not identified experimentally. Here, the curvature‐induced ring‐patterned bound states are observed in structurally deformed 2D semiconductors and formulated the modified geometric potential for the curvature effect, which demonstrates the ring‐shape bound states with angular momentum. The formulated modified geometric potential is analogous to the effective potential of a rotating charged black hole. Density functional theory and tight‐binding calculations are performed, which quantitatively agree well with the results of the modified geometric potential. The modified geometric potential is described by modified Gaussian and mean curvatures, corresponding to the curvature‐induced changes in spin‐orbit interaction and band gap, respectively. Even for complex structural deformation, the geometric potential solves the complexity, which aligns well with experimental results. The understanding of the modified geometric potential provides us with an intuitive clue for quantum transport and a key factor for new quantum applications such as valleytronics, spintronics, and straintronics in 2D semiconductors.
High‐Fidelity Bioelectrodes with Bidirectional Ion–Electron Transduction Capability by Integrating Multiple Charge‐Transfer Processes
Authors: Hu Rongjian , Yao Bowen , Geng Yuhao , Zhou Shuai , Li Mengfan , Zhong Wei , Sun Fuyao , Zhao Haojie , Wang Jingyu , Ge Jiahao , Wei Ran , Liu Tong , Jin Jiajie , Xu Jianhua , Fu Jiajun
Published: June 2024

Bioelectronics is an exciting field that bridges the gap between physiological activities and external electronic devices, striving for high resolution, high conformability, scalability, and ease of integration. One crucial component in bioelectronics is bioelectrodes, designed to convert neural activity into electronic signals or vice versa. Previously reported bioelectrodes have struggled to meet several essential requirements simultaneously: high‐fidelity signal transduction, high charge injection capability, strain resistance, and multifunctionality. This work introduces a novel strategy for fabricating superior bioelectrodes by merging multiple charge‐transfer processes. The resulting bioelectrodes offer accurate ion‐to‐electron transduction for capturing electrophysiological signals, dependable charge injection capability for neuromodulation, consistent electrode potential for artifact rejection and biomolecule sensing, and high transparency for seamless integration with optoelectronics. Furthermore, the bioelectrode can be designed to be strain‐insensitive by isolating signal transduction from electron transportation. The innovative concept presented in this work holds great promise for extending to other electrode materials and paves the way for the advancement of multimodal bioelectronics.
Fundamental Understanding of the Low Initial Coulombic Efficiency in SiOx Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Mechanisms and Solutions
Authors: Wu Junxiu , Dong Qianwen , Zhang Qian , Xu Yunkai , Zeng Xuemei , Yuan Yifei , Lu Jun
Published: June 2024

To meet the ever‐increasing demand for high‐energy lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), it is imperative to develop next‐generation anode materials. Compared to conventional carbon‐based anodes, Si‐based materials are promising due to their high theoretical capacity and reasonable cost. SiOx, as a Si‐derivative anode candidate, is particularly encouraging for its durable cycling life, the practical application of which is, however, severely hindered by low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) that leads to continuous lithium consumption. What is worse, low ICE also easily triggers a terrible chain reaction causing bad cycling stability. To further develop SiOx anode, researchers have obtained in‐depth understandings regarding its working/failing mechanisms so as to further propose effective remedies for low ICE mitigation. In this sense, herein recent studies investigating the possible causes that fundamentally result in low ICE of SiOx, based on which a variety of solutions addressing the low ICE issue are discussed and summarized, are timely summarized. This perspective provides valuable insights into the rational design of high ICE SiOx anodes and paves the way toward industrial application of SiOx as the next generation LIB anode.
Ultrathin Graphite‐Based Full‐Color Electrochromic Devices
Authors: Zhang Renyan , Li Wenbin , Jin Jinjin , Wang Qingsong , Wang Yingeng , Li Xiong , Pu Mingbo , Ma Xiaoliang , Luo Xiangang
Published: June 2024

Ultrathin graphite‐based materials have revolutionized optoelectronics through their multispectral and energy‐efficient tunability. However, their narrow color range poses a challenge in applications requiring a broad spectrum of colors for effective information delivery or aesthetic enhancement. Here, full‐color tunability is achieved in ultrathin graphite‐based electrochromic devices using Fabry‐Perot (F‐P) nanocavities. By adjusting the optical properties (n, k) of ultrathin graphite through lithium‐ion intercalation/de‐intercalation and the thickness of the dielectronic SiO2 layer, managed to control the optical reflectivity in the visible spectrum. Moreover, this prototype device consumes only 1.59 mW cm−2, just one‐tenth of the commercial organic light‐emitting displays’ energy usage. Furthermore, the pixel size in the Fabry‐Perot nanocavity‐type electrodes can be reduced to 2 µm, under half that of contemporary displays like Micro‐LED. These results pave the way for full‐color displays with minimal energy consumption and inspire extensive research in low‐power photonics.
Multi‐Objective Bayesian Optimization for Laminate‐Inspired Mechanically Reinforced Piezoelectric Self‐Powered Sensing Yarns
Authors: Yang Ziyue , Park Kundo , Nam Jisoo , Cho Jaewon , Choi Yong Jun , Kim Yong‐Il , Kim Hyeonsoo , Ryu Seunghwa , Kim Miso
Published: June 2024

Piezoelectric fiber yarns produced by electrospinning offer a versatile platform for intelligent devices, demonstrating mechanical durability and the ability to convert mechanical strain into electric signals. While conventional methods involve twisting a single poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐trifluoroethylene)(P(VDF‐TrFE)) fiber mat to create yarns, by limiting control over the mechanical properties, an approach inspired by composite laminate design principles is proposed for strengthening. By stacking multiple electrospun mats in various sequences and twisting them into yarns, the mechanical properties of P(VDF‐TrFE) yarn structures are efficiently optimized. By leveraging a multi‐objective Bayesian optimization‐based machine learning algorithm without imposing specific stacking restrictions, an optimal stacking sequence is determined that simultaneously enhances the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and failure strain by considering the orientation angles of each aligned fiber mat as discrete design variables. The conditions on the Pareto front that achieve a balanced improvement in both the UTS and failure strain are identified. Additionally, applying corona poling induces extra dipole polarization in the yarn state, successfully fabricating mechanically robust and high‐performance piezoelectric P(VDF‐TrFE) yarns. Ultimately, the mechanically strengthened piezoelectric yarns demonstrate superior capabilities in self‐powered sensing applications, particularly in challenging environments and sports scenarios, substantiating their potential for real‐time signal detection.
Leveraging Inherent Structure of Tin Oxide for Efficient Carbonaceous Products Electrosynthesis
Authors: Sui Peng‐Fei , Gao Min‐Rui , Wang Yi‐Cheng , Liu Subiao , Luo Jing‐Li
Published: June 2024

Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) holds a great potential for converting CO2 into valuable carbon‐based chemicals and fuels. A promising strategy for enhancing CO2RR performance is the deliberate structural design of electrocatalysts, which can maximize the utilization of inherent structural advantages. In this work, SnO2 nanocubes (NCs) and nanorods (NRs) are synthesized using a surface energy‐driven growth orientation method, where the stable (110) facet and the highly energetic (001) facet constitute the SnO2 nanostructures. Leveraging the inherent structural merits of different facets on SnO2, theoretical calculations reveal that the (001) facet plays a primary role in inhibiting hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), while both (110) and (001) facets are highly favorable for CO2‐to‐formate conversion under the external bias. As a result, SnO2 NCs with a higher facet ratio of (001)/(110) achieve nearly 100% selectivity for the formation of carbonaceous products during CO2RR. More importantly, a maximum partial current density of about 1 A cm−2 with a formate Faradaic efficiency (FE) of over 90% is achieved in a flow cell, distinguishing it from most of the reported Sn‐based electrocatalysts. These results highlight the strategic advantages of leveraging the inherent structure of nanomaterials for efficient CO2RR.
Rice response to fluridone following topsoil removal on a precision‐leveled field
Authors: Butts Thomas R. , Souza Maria C. C. R. , Norsworthy Jason K. , Barber L. Tom , Hardke Jarrod T.
Published: June 2024

Furrow‐irrigated rice (Oryza sativa L.) production requires additional management options without the cultural strategy of a flood. In 2023, fluridone (Brake) was registered for use in rice production. Precision‐leveling land is an important aspect of maintaining an effective irrigation flow path; however, the removal of topsoil can severely impact crop response from residual herbicides. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of fluridone on rice response when applied to a precision‐leveled field following topsoil removal. An on‐farm field study was conducted in 2023 near Osceola, AR, with a Sharkey‐Steele clay complex soil texture. The study consisted of six herbicide treatments applied at the rice three‐leaf stage. These treatments included clomazone, quinclorac, and fluridone at three rates (0.5×, 1×, and 2× of a label rate) and a nontreated control. Across evaluation times, maximum visual rice injury was greater than 25% and 65% for the fluridone 1× and 2× treatments, respectively. Rice canopy coverage was reduced in the fluridone 1× and 2× treatments compared to all other treatments from 6 to 10 weeks after application (WAA). Rice heading in the fluridone 2x treatment was delayed by more than 60 and 30 percentage points at 11 and 12 WAA, respectively, compared to all other treatments. Rough rice yield in the fluridone 2× treatment was reduced by 21% compared to all other treatments. Overall, fluridone 1× and 2× rates caused substantial rice injury and would not be recommended on a precision‐leveled field.
Leukoencephalopathy with calcifications, developmental brain abnormalities and skeletal dysplasia due to homozygosity for a hypomorphic CSF1R variant: A report of three siblings
Authors: Beerepoot Shanice , Verbeke Jonathan I. M. L. , Plantinga Maud , Nierkens Stefan , Pouwels Petra J. W. , Wolf Nicole I. , Simons Cas , van der Knaap Marjo S.
Published: June 2024

We report three siblings homozygous for CSF1R variant c.1969 + 115_1969 + 116del to expand the phenotype of “brain abnormalities, neurodegeneration, and dysosteosclerosis” (BANDDOS) and discuss its link with “adult leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia” (ALSP), caused by heterozygous CSF1R variants. We evaluated medical, radiological, and laboratory findings and reviewed the literature. Patients presented with developmental delay, therapy‐resistant epilepsy, dysmorphic features, and skeletal abnormalities. Secondary neurological decline occurred from 23 years in sibling one and from 20 years in sibling two. Brain imaging revealed multifocal white matter abnormalities and calcifications during initial disease in siblings two and three. Developmental brain anomalies, seen in all three, were most severe in sibling two. During neurological decline in siblings one and two, the leukoencephalopathy was progressive and had the MRI appearance of ALSP. Skeletal survey revealed osteosclerosis, most severe in sibling three. Blood markers, monocytes, dendritic cell subsets, and T‐cell proliferation capacity were normal. Literature review revealed variable initial disease and secondary neurological decline. BANDDOS presents with variable dysmorphic features, skeletal dysplasia, developmental delay, and epilepsy with on neuro‐imaging developmental brain anomalies, multifocal white matter abnormalities, and calcifications. Secondary neurological decline occurs with a progressive leukoencephalopathy, in line with early onset ALSP. Despite the role of CSF1R signaling in myeloid development, immune deficiency is absent. Phenotype varies within families; skeletal and neurological manifestations may be disparate.