bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modern inhibitor of sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 – ertugliflozin
Authors: Petunina N. A. , Goncharova E. V. , Теlnova M. Е. , Kuzina I. A. , Martirosyan N. S. , Sochneva A. Yu.
Published: May 2023

Diabetes mellitus, a well-known risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) Hyperglycemia has been found to be an increased risk of coronary heart disease and mortality. In real clinical practice, physicians are faced with the problem of choice when prescribing new hypoglycemic drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk. Modern possibilities and approaches to the treatment of DM2 have contributed to the creation of a promising class of hypoglycemic drugs that block renal glucose reabsorption - inhibitors of the sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 (iSGLT-2). The unique mechanism of SGLT2 inhibition not only improves glycemic control, but also has cardio- and nephroprotective effects in patients with DM2 and at high cardiovascular risk. According to current recommendations, when choosing the tactics of treating patients with DM2 and the presence of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases or confirmed atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, preference is given to GLP-1 and/or iSGLT-2 receptor agonists in combination with the first-line drug, metformin. This article presents the main results of the efficacy and safety of ertugliflozin in a number of clinical studies and its beneficial effect not only on glycemic control, but also on cardio- and nephroprotective effects. The article also reflects the key results of an extensive program of randomized clinical trials VERTIS (acronym for eValuation of ERTugliflozinefficacy and Safety; evaluation of the efficacy and safety of ertugliflozin): including patients with type 2 diabetes and established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (VERTIS CV), with type 2 diabetes and CKD 3rd stage (VERTIS RENAL), as well as VERTIS MONO, VERTIS MET, VERTIS SITA, VERTIS SU and VERTIS FACTORIAL.
Rehabilitation treatment of patients with stable angina with long-term complex use of physiotherapy methods
Authors: Kasparov E. V. , Razumov A. N. , Klemenkov S. V. , Klemenkov A. S. , Kubushko I. V.
Published: May 2023

Introduction. The high morbidity and mortality from heart disease determines the relevance of improving the methods of treatment and rehabilitation for this pathology. However, many issues of long-term complex use of balneohydrotherapy and preformed physical factors in this disease have not been studied enough. Aim. To study the possibilities of long-term complex use of general fresh baths and amplipulse therapy in the rehabilitation treatment of patients with coronary heart disease with stable angina. functional class II. Materials and methods. A prospective single-center controlled randomized study was carried out. 107 people were under observation: male patients with CHD with stable angina pectoris FC II, disease duration from 5 to 10 years. The study participants were divided into three age-matched groups (mean age 50 ± 2 years): 1) were prescribed fresh baths and amplipulse therapy (effect on the heart area) according to the generally accepted method, while physical factors were prescribed every other day, and the duration of treatment was 1 month; 2) were prescribed fresh baths and amplipulse therapy according to the same method for  a  duration of  treatment of  3  months; 3) control  – fresh baths and therapeutic exercises were prescribed for  1  month. Rehabilitation was carried out against the background of drug therapy. The evaluation of the results was carried out by functional methods: 24-hour Holter ECG monitoring, spiroergometry, exercise test. Results. Analysis of the results of the exercise test (bicycle ergometry, spiroergometry) showed that long-term complex use of fresh baths and amplipulse therapy in CHD patients provided a more pronounced training effect and an increase in the coronary heart reserve than a monthly course of fresh baths and amplipulse therapy or fresh baths and therapeutic exercises. The training effect of long-term complex use of fresh baths and amplipulse therapy leads to an increase in the level of physical performance, coronary reserve of the heart, a decrease in myocardial ischemia and an average number of ventricular (1-3 class according to B. Lown) and supraventricular arrhythmias (extrasystoles) per day. 24-hour Holter ECG monitoring confirms these data. Conclusion. Long-term complex use of fresh baths and amplipulse therapy allows to increase the efficiency of rehabilitation treatment in CHD patients.
A clinical case of successful thrombolysis in pulmonary embolism during pregnancy
Authors: Andreeva A. V. , Danilov A. V. , Devyatova L. S. , Moseichuk K. A. , Filippov E. V.
Published: May 2023

The risk of venous thromboembolic complications among pregnant women and puerperas is higher than in the general population, which is due to traditional risk factors, as well as physiological and anatomical changes that occur during pregnancy. Symptoms and signs of venous thromboembolic complications during pregnancy are often nonspecific and may coincide with the consequences of changes, including dyspnea, limb edema, and tachycardia. D-dimer levels may be elevated during ongoing pregnancy, limiting its use as a laboratory marker. Identification of the source of thromboembolism in the veins of the lower extremities can be difficult due to the proximal localization of thrombosis in pregnant women, the rare detection of thrombi in this area is associated with incompressibility of the veins due to their intrapelvic location, as well as with altered blood flow mechanics. The main method of treatment is the use of low molecular weight heparins, however, in case of massive thromboembolism, leading to hemodynamic instability and a  high risk of  mortality, thrombolytic therapy is indicated. Thrombolytic therapy is associated with an increased risk of hemorrhagic complications. The use of warfarin and direct oral anticoagulants during pregnancy is contraindicated due to the possibility of penetration of drugs through the placental barrier. The article presents a clinical case of successful thrombolysis in a patient with pulmonary embolism in late pregnancy. The chosen tactics of management corresponded to the clinical guidelines and made it possible to successfully treat pulmonary embolism without complications for the mother and fetus. Drugs were used that do not penetrate the placental barrier and do not have teratogenic effects.
Basic therapy for viral diseases of the upper respiratory tract
Authors: Eremin S. A. , Ryazantsev S. V. , Sitnikov S. I. , Vysockaya S. S.
Published: May 2023

The high prevalence of inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract brings this pathology to the forefront, occupying up to 90% of cases of contacting specialists among all infectious diseases. The main etiological factor in the occurrence of acute inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract, such as rhinitis, rhinosinusitis, pharyngitis, is the defeat of a viral agent. At the same time, the damaging viral agents are extremely diverse. In turn, an incorrectly selected initial therapy can lead to a weakening of local nonspecific immunity, which in turn forms a starting point for the attachment of a bacterial infection and the development of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis. Due to the high prevalence of infections of the upper respiratory tract and unreasonable systemic antibiotic therapy, it is the main factor contributing to the growth of antibacterial resistance, and taking into account the wide range of infectious microbiota that contributes to the development of chronic pathology, the selection of adequate drugs for the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract remains relevant. If it is inappropriate to use antibacterial therapy, homeopathic preparations can be used both as monotherapy for uncomplicated forms of a viral disease, and in combination in cases where the safety of prescribed drugs is important to the patient. This is especially true in childhood, when the doctor is limited in the use of medicines. The purpose of this work is to familiarize physicians with the epidemiology, symptoms and modern principles of treatment of inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract with an emphasis on risk factors. The analysis of Russian-language and English-language publications was carried out using the databases: eLibrary, PubMed, Russian Science Citation Index, Springer, Scopus, Scientific Research, Crossref.
Pathogenetic aspects of the development and treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhea: the choice of a synbiotic from the standpoint of evidence-based medicine
Authors: Ardatskaya M. D. , Anuchkin A. A. , Butorova L. I. , Pavlov A. I. , Nugayeva N. R. , Fadina Zh. V.
Published: May 2023

Introduction. In recent years, diarrheal syndrome is the most common clinically significant negative effect of the antibiotic therapy (ABT), which constitutes a first-priority medical and social problem. The prescription of any antibiotic for any duration of treatment may cause a potential risk of developing antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). In that regard, there is a need for the systematization of the main pathogenetic aspects of the deveopment of AAD and the rationale for the use of probiotics to prevent its development and treatment. Aim. To conduct a comparative evaluation of the efficacy, adherence and tolerability of a synbiotic Floriosa containing Bifidobacterium lactis Bl-04, Lactobacillus acidophilus La-14, Lactobacillus rhamnosus Lr-32, inulin, B vitamins, and an eubiotic Bifiform containing Enterococcus faecium, Bifidobacterium longum for the prevention of the development of AAD during and after the use of ABT in inpatients. Materials and methods. A total of 60 patients, which was used for the ABT in the hospital settings, were included in the study: the 1st group (30 patients) received a synbiotic, the 2nd group (30 patients) received an eubiotic. The efficacy of the preventive administration of drugs was assessed by Day 12 and 28 of the therapy. The methods included the patients’ assessment of the efficacy and satisfaction with treatment, an assay of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in feces via gas-liquid chromatography and a Clostridium difficile Toxin A + B rapid test. Results. No cases of AAD were detected in both groups. The study drugs were comparable in terms of their efficacy assessment by the doctor and patients. A trend towards a higher assessment of the therapeutic effect and satisfaction with synbiotic therapy was observed. Changes in the absolute and relative content of SCFAs in the patients’ feces from the baseline level were established. More pronounced positive changes in the quantitative and qualitative composition of acids due to the treatment were identified in the patients who received the synbiotic and had more than 3 risk factors. Conclusions. The synbiotic Floriosa and probiotic Bifiform are effective drugs to prevent AAD. The synbiotic has advantages in terms of the overall assessment of the efficacy of the treatment and patient satisfaction, provides a pronounced protective effect on the intestinal microbiocenosis status during and after the ABT (as evidenced by the changes in SCFAs level in the feces), can be the drug of choice for the prevention of AAD, including AAD associated with C. difficile in individuals with more than 3 risk factors for the development of AAD.
The role of hereditary thrombophilia in the development of venous thrombosis in combat trauma
Authors: Salukhov V. V. , Gavrilov E. K. , Varavin N. A. , Kapustin S. I. , Bardakova D. A.
Published: May 2023

Introduction. Combat trauma is one of the factors causing hemostasis disorders in the wounded. Currently, there is insufficient information about the significance of hereditary thrombophilia in the development of venous thromboembolic complications in the wounded.

Aim. To study the effect of polymorphism of genes of components of the hemostasis system on the development of venous thrombosis in wounded with combat trauma.

Materials and methods. The prospective study included men (n = 81) of young age (the average age was 36.0 ± 8.5 years) who received a combat wound and were treated at the Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov. The subjects were divided into 2 groups: the main group included 40 victims (49.4%) who were diagnosed with venous thrombosis during treatment, the control group included 41 patients without signs of thrombosis (50.6%). The study of allelic polymorphism of genes associated with the formation of blood clots was carried out using a real-time polymerase chain reaction based on the study of human DNA in peripheral blood material.

Results. Comparative analysis revealed no statistically significant differences in the frequency of occurrence of the studied genetic variants between the study group and the control group. When assessing the prevalence of polymorphism of the MTHFR and MTRR genes, it was found that the combination of the genotypes “MTHFR 677 CT” and “MTRR 66 GG” is associated with an 8.5-fold increase in the risk of developing VTEO [OR = 8.5; p = 0.029].

Conclusion. Analysis of the test results showed that no relationship was found between individual genetic variants and the risk of developing venous thrombosis in the studied group of wounded despite the high prevalence (prothrombogenic alleles of various genes were detected in 79 servicemen (97.5%)). At the same time, the combination of MTHFR 677 CT and MTRR 66 GG genotypes in that patient population was shown to be associated with a significant increase in the risk of thrombosis.
Acute bacterial sinusitis: current concepts in antibiotic therapy
Authors: Svistushkin V. M. , Mokoyan Zh. T. , Babaeva A. E.
Published: May 2023

Acute rhinosinusitis is a widespread pathology faced by both outpatient doctors and otorhinolaryngologists in hospitals. At the same time, only understanding of the principles for diagnosing various forms of sinusitis, in particular, the criteria for bacterial sinusitis, provides the adequate treatment decisions. Antibacterial therapy plays a key role in the treatment of patients with acute bacterial sinusitis. Additionally, there is an increasing frequency of the antibiotic resistance of the main bacterial pathogens in the respiratory group of diseases. Both in Russian and foreign clinical guidelines, the so-called lines of antibacterial therapy are clearly identified. Strict adherence to the national recommendations and a thorough analysis of clinical and anamnestic data allows a rational approach to the choice of an antibacterial drug. There is an increase in the rate of uncontrolled and inadequate antibacterial therapy, particularly using of penicillins and short course of macrolides, over the last decade. Such trend is dangerous due to the increased risks for the development of the antibiotic resistance to those groups of antibiotics. Use of dispersible forms is one of the key point of the strategies to overcome the antibiotic resistance. The most important features of dispersible forms of antibiotics are prevented destruction in the stomach and maximal absorption in the upper parts of small intestine. It allows to increase the bioavailability of the drug and to minimize the impact on the intestinal microbiome, which reduces the incidence of common adverse reactions from the gastrointestinal tract. According to literature, oral administration of dispersible forms of drugs allows to reach the plasma concentrations similar to those in parenteral administration.
Classification of pathological epidermization (cholesteatoma) of the middle ear NMAO
Authors: Komarov M. V. , Anikin I. A. , Voryanchikov V. V.
Published: May 2023

The periodicals published over the past 5 years showed that interest in the issue of surgical treatment of chronic otitis media, including one complicated by cholesteatoma, did not wane despite the large accumulated experience of schools in otosurgery around the globe. In our opinion, there are currently some significant problems of terminology in the clinical anatomy of the ear, in particular, the nomenclature of the upper floor of tympanic cavity, which negatively affects the comparison and reproducibility of the results of surgical treatment of chronic otitis media. The critical analysis of the current classification of middle ear cholesteatoma proposed in 2017 and validated in Russia in 2021 demonstrates certain difficulties in using the pathohistological term “cholesteatoma”, as well as the basic inaccuracy in defining the concept and structure of the anterior parts of the epitympanum. The work aims to develop and present a new classification of pathological middle ear epidermization (cholesteatoma), which is based on the pathophysiology of middle ear ventilation. The modern concepts on the mechanisms of middle ear ventilation reveal its important role in developing the pathological epidermization and secondary cholesteatoma. The use of three-dimensional modelling of airway ventilation makes it substantially easier to follow the pathophysiological mechanisms of development of tympanic membrane retraction. The tympanic diaphragm consists of more than 10 composite elements. Understanding the pathophysiological principles underlies the proposed classification of pathological middle ear epidermization (cholesteatoma), which is based on the prevalence of middle ear and surrounding anatomical formation injuries. The pathological process area is coded using the abbreviation of the National Medical Association of Otorhinolaryngologists. In this abbreviation, each letter corresponds to a specific anatomical region. The tympanic diaphragm represents the boundary between the regions. Each letter is assigned an index corresponding to the degree of pathological epidermization invasion into the structures of the middle ear, temporal bone and cranial cavity. The authors provide a table, which serves as a visual aid for ease of coding the diagnosis. Examples of how to formulate a diagnosis in accordance with otoscopic illustrations are given.
Modern women choose contraceptive vaginal ring
Authors: Dumanovskaya M. R. , Tabeeva G. I.
Published: May 2023

This survey introduces up-to-date statistic data on women’s reproductive health considering current control methods. It includes literature analysis on the contraceptive vaginal ring (CVR) use. Evidential medicine proves that CVR is a long-standing, safe and effective birth control method. CVR usage definitely wins the battle against oral contraception and prolonged contraception methods. The survey includes current patients’ survey results concerning CVR usability particularly during sex. VR’s effect on vagina microbiota and cervix epithelium is also covered, considering the discussions on cervix cancer increase caused by long-term use of combined hormonal contraceptives. Recently, there has been some positive trend towards the protection of reproductive health. However, we have to admit that there are still many unresolved issues, in particular, unavailability of adequate family planning counselling services and advanced effective birth control methods. The pharmaceutical market is saturated with various birth control methods. A careful analysis of medical history details and test results makes it easy to choose the best possible and safe birth control method with due regard of the patients’ wishes. Bearing in mind the less pronounced systemic effect, ease of use, and a favourable safety profile, the choice of CVR as a birth control method seems to be the best solution for women
The effectiveness of essential oils in the treatment of acute viral rhinosinusitis
Authors: Kiselev A. B. , Chaukina V. A. , Andamova O. V. , Avtushko A. S. , Garshina E. V.
Published: May 2023

Introduction. Acute respiratory viral infections are the most widespread diseases, accounting for up to 90% of all infectious pathology, which supports the relevance of optimizing the treatment of acute viral rhinosinusitis.Aim. Evaluate the dynamics of clinical symptoms of acute viral rhinosinusitis, which arose as part of an acute respiratory infection, when supplementing therapy with the drug Respero Myrtol (Pol-Boskamp GmbH and Co.KG, Germany), the active ingredient of which is myrtol standardized 120 mg in 1 capsule.Materials and methods. The dynamics of clinical symptoms of 20 cases of acute viral rhinosinusitis in comparison groups was analyzed. Traditional treatment of patients included taking propionic acid derivatives, ascorbic acid, intranasal use of decongestants and irrigation of the nasal cavity with isotonic saline solutions. Patients who have received traditional treatment are defined as a “standard therapy group”. To assess the effectiveness of therapy using standardized myrtol, 20 cases of acute viral rhinosinusitis against the background of acute respiratory viral infections with a similar severity were analyzed, in which patients received outpatient therapy with Respero Myrtol 2 capsules 3 times a day for 7 days in addition to the above treatment (the “myrtol therapy” group). The dynamics of the disease assessed: the number of days of disability before recovery, the period of normalization of body temperature in feverish patients, the need for vasoconstrictive intranasal agents after the seventh day of therapy, the period of complete relief of pain syndrome, the period of normalization of night sleep, the number of cases of bacterial superinfection and the need for systemic antibacterial therapy.The results. In the observed patients, the quality of sleep was restored faster, the pain syndrome was stopped earlier, less often there was a need for systemic antibiotics and prolonged use of intranasal decongestants. The disease proceeded with fewer days of disability.Conclusion. The study results have been shown to report the clinical efficacy of Respero Myrtol essential oils in the outpatient treatment of patients with acute rhinosinusitis.
Intranasal drugs possibilities in the treatment of patients with rhinitis medicamentosa
Authors: Svistushkin V. M. , Nikiforova G. N. , Shevchik E. A. , Zolotova A. V. , Mironova A. R.
Published: May 2023

Introduction. The article presents the physiology of nasal breathing, as well as the problem of nasal obstruction and the mechanisms of its development. Topical issues of rhinitis medicamentosa are discussed, based on the pathogenic links of this condition. It has been established that there is no single treatment regimen for rhinitis medicamentosa at the moment.Objectives. To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the use of intranasal drugs in patients with medical rhinitis.Materials and methods. A comparative study of the clinical use of the complex preparation Frinozol®, the active substances of which are the decongestant phenylephrine and the antihistamine drug cetirizine, intranasal glucocorticosteroid Nosefrin®, as well as their combinations, was carried out in patients with rhinitis medicamentosa.Results. The results showed that the use of Frinozol®, Nozefrin®, as well as a combination of these drugs leads to a decrease in the frequency of use of nasal decongestants, and in a larger percentage of cases or to the complete cessation of their use by patients with drug-induced rhinitis. The combination of Frinozol – Nozefrin is somewhat more effective. However, a number of patients resume the use of nasal decongestants after some time, which leads to the need for additional courses of conservative therapy. In the course of the observational study, we noted excellent and good tolerability of the drugs, and patient satisfaction with the treatment in all groups.Conclusions. The problem of drug-induced rhinitis remains unresolved, which is why the search for optimal and effective schemes for the conservative treatment of this disease continues. The use of intranasal glucocorticosteroids and topical antihistamines can significantly reduce the frequency of use of nasal decongestants, or completely abandon their use.
Hydroxymethylquinoxalindioxide as levarage points for otorhinolaryngology
Authors: Eremeeva K. V. , Nagovskaya V.V. V. , Morozova S. V.
Published: May 2023

Hydroxymethylquinoxaline dioxide, better known as Dioxydin®, holds a special place among topical antimicrobials. The drug has the proven bactericidal action against a wide spectrum of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, showed good results in otorhinolaryngology as a topical drug to treat bacterial diseases of upper respiratory tract and ear. The authors performed the search for publications among the sources of electronic libraries, such as National Electronic Library (NEB), eLIBRARY, Cyberleninka, Rucont, as well as electronic search engines Pubmed and Google Scholar for the period from 2015 to 2022. The literature analysis resulted in 9 domestic studies, including 6 prospective comparative (4 randomized) studies, two prospective non-comparative studies, and one retrospective descriptive study. The prospective studies involved 400 patients, and the retrospective study analysed the administration in 150 patients. In these studies, hydroxymethylquinoxaline dioxide (Dioxydin®) was used to treat culture-proven infections of upper respiratory tract and ear, both acute and exacerbations of chronic ones. In addition to 0.5% and 1% solutions, which are widely used in ENT practice and need to be prediluted, two new formulations of the drug, fully ready for use, also draws attention: Dioxydin® 2.5 mg/ml, ear drops, and Dioxydin® 0.25 mg/ml, sore throat gargle for topical use. A retrospective review of papers on the use of hydroxymethylquinoxaline dioxide (Dioxydin®) for the topical treatment of upper respiratory tract and ear diseases caused by bacterial agents shows high efficacy, safety and low risk of resistance development. It is promising to conduct studies demonstrating additional therapeutic activity of the Dioxydin®.
Development of an Encyclopedia Book for Anatomy and Morphology of Plants on the Morphological Identification of Orchid Plants (Orchidaceae) in Kampoeng Anggrek Kediri
Authors: Putri Rizky Intan Adina , Agustin Haslinda Yasti
Published: May 2023

The low level of understanding of biology students on plant morphology material, especially Orchidaceae, requires the development of learning resources. This study aims to develop an encyclopedia "Identification of Orchidaceae Morphology" and test its feasibility. Research and development was carried out in 2 stages, namely identification of the morphology of Orchidaceae and development of an encyclopedia using the ADDIE model (analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation). The results of the study, the eleven identified orchid plants had similarities in the flower parts included in the flower tent because they could not be distinguished between the petals and the corolla. An encyclopedia book containing taxonomy of orchid plants, scientific names, identification descriptions of orchid plants along with pictures. The results of the percentage score of material experts was 77.17%, media experts were 88%, and lecturers of Plant Anatomy and Morphology were 83.65%. The results of student implementation obtained an average percentage score of 85.34%. The developed encyclopedia has a decent quality to be used as a learning resource.
The Influence of the SQ4R Learning Model with Digital Schoolbooks on Students' Understanding of Biology Concepts
Authors: Subandi Rahman , M.M. Rambitan Vandalita , Tindangen Makrina , Purwati Sri
Published: May 2023

The low understanding of concepts can be caused because the learning process is not maximized which makes students inactive, unable to think independently, more practical to find answers on the internet, and unable to express what they have learned. Digital School Books as a medium and learning model Survey, Question, Read, Reflection and Review (SQ4R) is an alternative that can activate students and make it easier to remember concepts so that learning is more meaningful. The purpose of this study was to describe the effect of the SQ4R learning model with digital school books on students' understanding of biology concepts in class VII at the Madrasah Tsanawiyah Nurussa'adah Sangkulirang Islamic Boarding School. This research is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group design. The study population was students of class VII, using cluster random sampling technique which produced class VII.B as the experimental class and class VII.A as the control class. The results of the data analysis showed that there was an influence of the SQ4R learning model with digital school books on the understanding of biology concepts for class VII students at the Madrasah Tsanawiyah Nurussa'adah Sangkulirang Islamic Boarding School.
Sentidos y condiciones de la manifestación de Dios en el universo según algunos textos de la Suma Teológica y de la Suma Contra Gentiles de Tomás De Aquino
Authors: Velarde Catalina
Published: May 2023

Al inicio de la Suma Contra Gentiles, al definir el objetivo de su obra, santo Tomás dice que Dios crea para manifestarse. En este estudio se mostrará en qué sentido Dios se manifiesta en el universo, y cómo el mismo acto de manifestación supone un destinatario, que tiene que ser una criatura intelectual que pueda reconocer a su autor por medio de su obra. Con este objetivo se analizará el sentido de la noción de verdad en Suma contra gentiles I, 1. Y se lo relacionará con el concepto de manifestación indicado en el mismo artículo para luego poder señalar si el universo creado es una realidad hierofánica.
Sobre la libertad negativa y la subordinación económica del principio de subsidiariedad en el pensamiento de Friedrich Von Hayek
Authors: Arqueros Claudio
Published: May 2023

En este artículo nos proponemos discutir las consecuencias que se siguen desde la particular concepción de libertad de Friedrich von Hayek, con especial énfasis en las secuelas que tal planteamiento tiene para el “principio de subsidiariedad”. La discusión comienza determinando la urgencia desde la cual Hayek reflexiona su noción de libertad, esto es, la ‘epistemología fundacional’ que pretende ofrecer una planificación ideal del ámbito social más allá de los intereses de todos los particulares pertenecientes a la sociedad. Frente a tal estructura de pensamiento, entonces, haremos una exposición de los elementos bases para comprender en qué se fundamenta la idea de libertad que defiende Hayek. La noción de ‘libertad negativa’ que establece una mínima intervención del Estado en materias sociales se verá contrastada con la propuesta por la Doctrina Social de la Iglesia, donde el Estado asume un rol esencial en dichos asuntos. Finalmente, se problematiza la noción de subsidiariedad en Hayek que prescinde de un compromiso ético para con los ciudadanos.
Intento de explicación de la violencia victimaria en el presente: Diálogo con la obra de René Girard
Authors: Aznar Sala Francisco
Published: May 2023

René Girard, investigador francés afincado en los EEUU, supo explorar la literatura universal a fin de comprender el deseo mimético anclado de forma sustantiva en el ser humano, algo que tanto predicamento tuvo en América latina a finales de los ochenta y noventa. Es muy difícil comprender la espiral de violencia en la actualidad sin recurrir a las tesis girardianas. En este sentido, Girard hace visibles a los más débiles y denuncia a los verdugos con la única solución en el horizonte del perdón en la clave simbólica de la Pasión de Cristo. La propuesta de Girard no deja de ser una propuesta ética que se debate entre la asunción del bien o la deriva del mal. Hemos intentado imaginar un diálogo diacrónico de las tesis más conocidas de Girard con otros pensadores, con la intención de comprender con mayor hondura su pensamiento.
La mentira como signo de la aporía de la imaginación en Hannah Arendt
Authors: Olivares Cristóbal
Published: May 2023

Necesitamos de la figura del “genio” para comprender, por analogía, cómo es que el actor arendtiano puede excluir la posibilidad de la mentira y de la destrucción de la esfera de los asuntos humanos sin menoscabo de la capacidad de acción y la realización de la libertad política, así como el genio kantiano no puede excluir la posibililidad de producir repugnancia (Ekel) en los espectadores sin menoscabo de la capacidad de producir obras de arte que puedan ser juzgadas como bellas por los mismos. A partir de la exposición de la aporía de la imaginación productiva, mostraré las razones por las cuales Hannah Arendt concibió la necesidad de un pensamiento político que, a través de juicios ejemplares, ilustre al actor sobre la vulnerabilidad inherente a la acción política. El actor debería imitar en esto al genio, es decir, exponerse al gusto de los espectadores para regular la obra de esos “excesos” o “vicios” que repugnan y que, en una de sus transposiciones políticas, llamamos “mentira”.
Hacia una crítica teológico-política de la cosmovisión de Silicon Valley
Authors: Sereni Cristina Andrea
Published: May 2023

Entre las narrativas dominantes que forman el sustrato ideológico de los procesos globales, podemos identificar poderosas mitologías de la tecnología de corte determinista y sustantivista. Un ejemplo es la cosmovisión de Silicon Valley como productora y exportadora de una teología política que plantea que la inminente crisis civilizatoria encontrará una solución técnica. Esta cosmovisión ha colonizado la vida cotidiana del mundo. Diversas corrientes críticas han situado la narrativa sustantivista-determinista en el contexto de una historia intelectual ligada a la teología política como marco conceptual que otorga sentido a varios aspectos de esta narrativa, cuya función principal es la legitimación. Esta también es la función principal de la teología política. Por lo tanto, la sociología de los conceptos propuesta por Carl Schmitt permite identificar las contradicciones presentes dentro de dichas narrativas contemporáneas. La teología política vista como el estudio de las estructuras y las fuentes de la legitimidad política abre las puertas para dilucidar el poder de dominación que ejerce la cosmovisión siliconiana y entenderla como una teología política cuya característica fundamental es su invisibilidad, que es proporcional a su poder de dominación.
Improvement of personnel management of internal affairs bodies on the basis of system analysis procedures
Authors: Rybak A. V. , Danilov R. M.
Published: May 2023

Objective. The purpose of the study is to identify the main causes of the growing shortage of personnel resources of territorial divisions of internal affairs bodies (ATS) and appropriate methods of their elimination.

Method. When searching for the causes of the personnel shortage of the ATS, the procedures of system analysis were used, on the basis of which the central problem of the staffing of the ATS was identified, a number of tasks and goals were formulated, for the solution of which additional material resources are not required. Mathematical methods of system dynamics were used to solve most problems.

Result. In the work, based on the analysis of the operational situation, regulatory and methodological support of the management activities of the internal affairs bodies, it is concluded that there is a systemic problem: the dynamism of the management system of the internal affairs bodies is disrupted, as a result of which the effectiveness of the management process decreases, leading to an increasing trend of a shortage of ATS units. To solve the identified problems, the authors propose the following technologies: calculation of the profitability of the work of territorial divisions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, which allows to assess the necessary and sufficient level of efficiency of the use of all types of resources in the performance of official tasks; development of a methodology for calculating the personnel needs of territorial divisions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, taking into account the complexity of their activities, workload and regional characteristics; introduction of a new approach to assessing the activities of divisions The Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, based on the separation of the reporting system and the evaluation system, improving personnel policy in terms of making the service in the Department of Internal Affairs more attractive, taking into account the new values of modern society. For each presented task, its own tools and solution technology have been developed.

Conclusion. The solution of the identified tasks will ensure the uniformity and "feasibility" of the workload of its employees, the transparency of the assessment of their activities, which will increase the motivation for conscientious work. Coupled with the improvement of personnel policy to make the service in the internal affairs bodies properly attractive, the expected synergetic effect will reduce the severity of the problem of personnel shortage.
Investigation of liquid fuel combustion processes in an electrostatic fieldе
Authors: Mukanov R. V. , Alyautdinova Yu. A. , Strelkov S. P.
Published: May 2023

Objective. The article presents the results of experimental studies on the effect of a high-potential electrostatic field on the combustion of liquid fuel.

 Method. Experimental studies were carried out on the developed laboratory installation, which makes it possible to ensure the combustion of liquid fuel in a high-potential electrostatic field with the possibility of changing the polarity. The change in the polarity of the applied voltage to the electrode system of the experimental setup led to an increase in the fuel burning rate in the first case, and to its attenuation in the second.

Result. In this paper, studies have been carried out proving the effect of an electrostatic field on the burning rate and reducing the content of harmful components (soot and carbon monoxide) in fuel combustion purges. Based on the values of the fuel burning rate obtained as a result of the experiments, graphic dependences were constructed on the applied voltage, on which the areas of linear and non-linear changes in the combustion parameters were identified.

Conclusion. The results of the research carried out can be used to create new highly efficient burners for liquid fuel boilers. The effect of reducing the burning rate can be used to create fire safety devices that block the spread of flame during a fire.
Formatting requirements for papers
Authors: Editorial Artiсle
Published: May 2023

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To the issue of optimising the performance of a scroll compressor as part of a CO2 booster refrigerating machine in order to increase its efficiency
Authors: Pronin V. A. , Kovanov A. V. , Tsvetkov V. A. , Mikhailova E. N. , Belov P. A.
Published: May 2023

Objective. With the decreasing use of refrigerants with a high global warming potential, increasing the efficiency of refrigeration machines using natural working fluids is a very urgent task. The CO2 booster refrigerant cycle may be optimal for the fields of commercial refrigeration, climate engineering and heat pumps, but needs to be adapted to regions with hot climates. The purpose of the study is also to systematize possible ways to improve the spiral technology, as a guarantee of increasing the efficiency of booster refrigeration machines.

Method. Such solutions have already been tested by increasing the transcritical cycle efficiency through the use of an ejector and parallel compression. However, the use of a scroll compressor in the transcritical cycle may be a good alternative to these methods. This solution, a little bit improves technical and economic indexes of the refrigerating machine, in the most part reducing capital and operational costs. When considering the prospect of improving the efficiency of a booster system with scroll compressor, it is necessary to address the issue of compressor performance optimisation. An issue of this kind can be referred to improving the efficiency of the booster system, at the expense of the internal characteristics of the refrigeration machine.

Result. Thus, in this paper, a conceptual approach is considered to solve this problem based on a system analysis of the interconnection of the compressor as the main energy-intensive element of a refrigeration machine.

Conclusion. Development of conceptual model, allows to identify influence of various factors on scroll compressor operation and to build adequate mathematical model, to choose or develop necessary calculation methods.
Low-Velocity Impact Resistance of Glass Laminate Aluminium Reinforced Epoxy (GLARE) Composite
Authors: Askarian Khoob Abolfath , Ramezani Mohammad Javad , Mousavi Seyed Sina
Published: May 2023

This study intends to determine the behavior of glass laminate aluminum-reinforced epoxy (GLARE) and glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites under a low-velocity impact test. Experimental tests and numerical simulations are considered for this investigation. All samples are made by the hand lay-up method. Moreover, specimens are produced with a 7075-T6 aluminium sheet with a 0.5 mm thickness, resin 3001, and E-glass fiber. The drop weight test performs the low-velocity impact at 6.7 J and 10 J impact energy levels and the heights of 1.0 m and 1.5 m. Numerical simulation is also conducted by ANSYS software to compare the results obtained by the experimental tests. Generally, results show that maximum deflections of the GLARE samples are significantly lower as compared to GFRP ones by 87% and 83.5% for 1.0 m and 1.5 m drop heights, respectively. Experimental results demonstrate that although aluminum sheets prevent damage to the fibers in GFRP, delamination and fractures between layers are observed in GFRP samples. An appropriate agreement is also obtained between the FE results and experimental data.
Impact of Cultural and Linguistic Maintenance on Mental Health Outcomes in Migrant Adolescents: Protocol for a Scoping Review
Authors: Hasnain Anila , Hajek John , Borschmann Rohan
Published: May 2023

Background

There is no consensus on how the disruption or maintenance of heritage culture and language affect mental health outcomes in adolescents with a migrant (also known as “immigrant” or “international migrant”) background. Even though previous literature reviews have investigated the association between acculturation and mental health in migrants, none have explicitly focused on adolescents.

Objective

The aim of the scoping review described in this protocol is to understand (1) the focus, scope, and nature of quantitative empirical research investigating heritage cultural maintenance, including linguistic maintenance, and mental health outcomes in adolescents with a migrant background worldwide and (2) the potential effects of cultural and linguistic maintenance or disruption on migrant adolescent mental health outcomes.

Methods

A total of 11 key electronic health, medical, social science, and language databases (APA PsycArticles Full Text; Embase Classic+Embase; Ovid MEDLINE All and Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process, In-Data-Review and Other Non-Indexed Citations and Daily; Ovid MEDLINE All; APA PsycInfo; University of Melbourne full-text journals; Science Citation Index Expanded; Social Sciences Citation Index; Arts & Humanities Citation Index; Scopus; Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts) were searched. Databases were searched without time restrictions from the beginning of their coverage. Publication date, location, and quantitative study design (except for literature reviews) were not restricted; however, the search was only conducted in English. Data from included studies will be extracted using a template with predefined data items, and results will be summarized in a structured, narrative summary.

Results

A search was conducted on April 20, 2021, returning 2569 results. We are currently at the final stages of screening titles and abstracts of our search results, which will be followed by a full-text review and the data extraction of included studies. We expect to submit the full review for publication by the end of 2023.

Conclusions

The scoping review aims to provide a better understanding of existing research on the association between cultural (including linguistic) maintenance and mental health in migrant adolescents. It will help identify gaps in the existing literature and develop hypotheses that could inform future research, eventually facilitating the development of targeted prevention initiatives and improving migrant adolescents’ well-being.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/40143
Tectonic Activities Description in the Ongoing Collision Zone of the Eurasia-Arabia Plates Using 2D Surface Waves Tomography
Authors: Abrehdari Seyed Hossein , Karapetyan John Kostikovich , Rahimi Habib , Geodakyan Eduard
Published: May 2023

In order to better understand the regional tectonic activities of the continent-continent ongoing collision-compressed edge zone of the Eurasian-Arabic plates, 2D tomography maps of the Caucasus territory using the Rayleigh waves were generated. The 2D tomography images of this study, illustrate the large variety in surface wave propagation velocity in different complex geologic units of the Caucasus. To draw the 2D tomography maps, we accomplished a 2D-linear inversion procedure on the Rayleigh wave dispersion curves for the periods of 5 to 70 s (depth= ~180 km). To conduct this, local-regional data from ~1300 earthquakes (M≥3.9) recorded by the 49 broadband stations from 1999 to 2018 in a wide area with complicated tectonic units were used. In comparison with results of previous studies in Caucasus, the tomography maps for the long-periods (T= 50-70 s; depth ~180 km) are more influenced by the velocity structure of the uppermost mantle which demonstrate the ultralow and ultrahigh-velocity anomalies. The results for the medium-periods (30≤T≤45 s), the low-velocity zones coincide with areas thought to be correlated with underplating of the lower crust (e.g. shallow LAB), while, the high-velocity zones are usually demonstrating the presence of a normal continental crust over a stable and thick or oceanic-like lid. Short-periods (5≤T≤25 s) are more influenced by the ever-evolving deformations of the geological units, sedimentary basins, volcanic complexes, uplifts, and reveals a low-velocity small zone, on the NW slope of the Aragats volcano (depth= ~7 km), which is different from the results of other studies.
Formulation and Characteristics of Nanostuctured Lipid Carrier (NLC) Red Palm Oil (RPO) Prepared by High-Pressure Homogenization and Its Applications in Orange Juice
Authors: Wirawan Wahid , Raharjo Sri , Supriyadi Supriyadi
Published: May 2023

A Nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) is an emulsion system that can encapsulate and improve stability of lipid-based bioactive compounds. This study aimed to develop an optimal RPO-NLC formula with a combination of solid and liquid lipids, lipids and surfactants, and the use of high-pressure homogenizer (HPH). RPO-NLC was made using HPH with a 400 bar and 600 bar pressure. A Completely randomized design (CRD) with three factors was used to determine interactions between factors. The RPO-NLC formula was characterized based on particle size. One of the best formulas was selected with small particle size and high RPO content then characterized based on encapsulation efficiency (EE), loading capacity (LC), storage stability, FTIR, thermal and applied to orange juice including sensory evaluation, encapsulation stability and pH. RPO-NLC yielded particle size 44.9 nm, EE 99.9±0.02%, LC 4.9±0.001%, was stable on storage. β-carotene identified in RPO-NLC lipid matrix based on FTIR analysis and has good thermal stability based on differential scanning calorimeter analysis. Sensory evaluation showed changes in sensory attributes of color, aroma, taste during storage. Encapsulation stability showed significant increase during storage and pH measurement results also increased.