bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frequency of errors in the transfer of treatment parameters from the treatment planning system to the oncology information system in a multi‐vendor environment
Authors: Donahue William P. , Draeger Emily , Han Dae Yup , Chen Zhe
Published: December 2022

Background

Technological advancements have made it possible to improve patient outcomes in radiotherapy, sparing both normal tissues and increasing tumour control. However, these advancements have resulted in an increase in the number of software systems used, which each require data inputs to function. For institutions with multiple vendors for their treatment planning systems and oncology information systems, the transfer of data between them is potentially error prone and can lead to treatment errors.

Purpose

The goal of this work was to determine the frequency of errors in data transfers between the Varian Eclipse treatment planning system and the Elekta Mosaiq oncology information system.

Methods

An in‐house program was used to quantify the number of errors for 2700 unique plans over an 8‐month period. Using this information, the frequency of the errors were calculated. A risk priority number was calculated using the calculated frequencies to determine the impact on the clinic.

Results

The most common errors discovered were backup timer settings (10.7%), Field label (8.5%), DRR associations (3.3%), imaging field types (3.1%), dose rate (1%), Field Id (0.8%), imaging isocenter (0.7% and SSD (0.7%). Based on the risk priority numbers, the DRR association error was ranked as having the highest potential impact on the patient.

Conclusions

The results of the work show that the most effort should be focused on checking the manual steps performed in the transfer process, while items that are imported directly from DICOM‐RT without modification are highly likely to be transferred accurately. The data can be used to help guide the implementation of future automated tools and process improvement in the clinic.
Association between collaterals, cerebral circulation time and outcome after thrombectomy of stroke
Authors: Wang Ying‐Jia , Wang Jia‐Qi , Qiu Jin , Li Wei , Sun Xian‐Hui , Zhao Yong‐Gang , Liu Xin , Zhao Zi‐Ai , Liu Liang , Nguyen Thanh N. , Chen Hui‐Sheng
Published: December 2022

Objective

Cerebral circulation time (CCT) and collateral score (CS) are associated with functional outcomes in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients after endovascular treatment (EVT), and may be related to each other. We aim to determine the relationship between CS and CCT on functional outcomes.

Methods

We retrospectively enrolled consecutive patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion (LVO) AIS who received EVT. CS and CCT were measured based on digital subtraction angiography (DSA). We defined CS 0–2 and 3–4 as poor and good collateral status, respectively, and used change of CCT (cCCT), which was defined as the change of stroke side CCT (sCCT) versus healthy side CCT (hCCT). Mediating analysis was used to evaluate the influence of cCCT on the association between CS and functional outcomes, and ROC curves were further used to explore the predictive ability of the interaction between cCCT and CS for functional outcomes.

Results

A total of 100 patients were enrolled in the final analysis. A higher cCCT (r = −0.239; p = 0.017) was associated with lower CS, and cCCT mediated the association of CS with functional outcome. Logistic regression analysis found that CS, cCCT and cCCT‐CS interactions were independently associated with functional outcome, and cCCT‐CS interaction has better predictive performance, with a higher area under curve value than CS or cCCT alone (0.79 vs. 0.75 or 0.75).

Interpretation

To our knowledge, this study provides the first report of the association of collateral status with cCCT, and their interaction effect on functional outcome in AIS‐LVO patients receiving EVT.
Adaptive time‐varying formation control for teleoperation system: A finite‐time approach
Authors: Su Shan , Ji Yude
Published: December 2022

In this article, the finite‐time formation control scheme is put forward for teleoperation system with time delay. First, a group of finite‐time observers are established to address the teleoperation system with time‐varying delay issue and via linearly parameterize to deal with the uncertainty in the system. The theory of self‐stable domain (SSR) is then applied to provide sufficient circumstances for the observers error dynamics to converge in finite‐time. Then, in line with the estimation of time delay derivatives to reconstruct the regression matrix as well as the adaptive law, the observer based time‐varying formation control protocol is drawn up. On the basis of finite‐time state‐independent input‐to‐output practical stable (FTSIIOpS) theorem, sufficient conditions for teleoperation implement time‐varying formation are developed. Finally, simulation is being used to validate the efficiency of the proposed strategy.
Modeling and Characterization of Tensegrity Structures Integrating Dielectric Elastomer Actuators
Authors: Watanabe Shuya , Ikemoto Yusuke , Shintake Jun
Published: December 2022

Tensegrity structures, architectures that consist of elastic cables and rigid rods, have attracted attention as a building block of robots because of their compliance, lightweight properties, and mechanical robustness. This article describes a method to create electroactive tensegrity structures that employs a dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA) as the actuation principle. Two different types of DEA‐tensegrities are considered herein: a membrane type and a cable type. In these devices, DEAs are made of an acrylic elastomer (3 m, VHB 4905) and a stretchable conductive film (Adhesives Research, ARcare 90336) used as dielectric and electrode layers, respectively. An analytical model of DEA‐tensegrities is built that guides the fabrication of experimental devices. The fabricated DEA‐tensegrities are characterized by the actuation strain in the height direction. As a result, voltage‐controlled actuation strains of 7.5% and 2.0% are observed at 10 kV for membrane type and cable type DEA‐tensegrity, respectively, while the model prediction captures the actuation characteristics.
Application of Calcium Alginate Hydrogels in Semisolid Extrusion 3D Printed for the Production of Easy‐to‐Swallow Tablets
Authors: Falcone Giovanni , Kuth Sonja , Boccaccini Aldo R. , Aquino Rita P. , Esposito Tiziana , Russo Paola
Published: December 2022

To maximize the potential of 3D printing, several technological issues must be overcome, especially in the case of semisolid extrusion (SSE), where the 3D model is built up through the well‐defined extrusion of polymeric ink. Focusing on natural polymers, their physicochemical properties should be deeply investigated to evaluate 3D printability. This study aims to produce tablets easy to swallow, exploiting as 3D printing ink a crosslinked alginate hydrogel added of sorbitol, speculating that the plasticising action of sorbitol should allow to improve tablets’ swallowability. Three different amounts of 70% sorbitol solution (5%, 15%, 25% v/v) are evaluated to identify the best composition in terms of both printing and technological properties. The data obtained from the chemical, rheological, and mechanical evaluation of each ink are related to the printing performance, to reach the best manufacturing reproducibility. Linear regression fitting study (r
2 = 0.9982) confirms the predictable relationship between residual mass of final platforms and sorbitol amount loaded. To characterize the final products, all dried batches are subjected to technological evaluation highlighting differences in the matrix softability as well as in the swelling/erosion properties after the interaction with biological fluids.
2D, Metal‐Free Electrocatalysts for the Nitrogen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Liu Chuangwei , Tian Ang , Li Qinye , Wang Tianyi , Qin Gaowu , Li Song , Sun Chenghua
Published: December 2022

Environmentally friendly ammonia production is important for addressing the carbon emissions and substantial energy consumption that are currently associated with the chemical industry. In recent decades, many achievements are made in this area; however, low production yield, poor selectivity, and unsatisfactory Faradaic efficiency hinder large‐scale applications. 2D, metal‐free electrocatalysts stand out from other candidates because of their physical, electronic, and chemical properties. In this study, recent developments of 2D‐based electrochemical materials for converting dinitrogen into ammonia in ambient conditions are systematically reviewed. First, recent unique progress and challenges on novel 2D electrocatalysts for the nitrogen reduction reaction are summarized. Then, various synthetic strategies for electrochemical materials and the influence of these methods have on the intrinsic material performance are highlighted. Last, by comparing current engineering strategies, electrochemical tests, and computational calculations, the opportunities, critical issues, and scientific challenges for 2D nanomaterials as stable, efficient catalysts, are analyzed. On the basis of this comparison, technology solutions are provided and rational principles for future studies are proposed.
Recent Developments of Optoelectronic Synaptic Devices Based on Metal Halide Perovskites
Authors: Hao Dandan , Yang Zhenyu , Huang Jia , Shan Fukai
Published: December 2022

Massive data processing with high computing efficiency and low operating power is required owing to the rapid development of artificial intelligence and information technology. However, the von Neumann structure computing system with the separated memory and processor can cause large energy consumption and a low running speed during massive data processing. Therefore, the brain‐inspired neuromorphic computing system is developed, that can provide hardware support for emulating biological synaptic functions and realizing highly intensive data processing with low power consumption. As a neuromorphic device, the optoelectronic synaptic device (OSD) is regarded as an ideal device to replace the von Neumann‐based computer because of its ultrafast signal transmission, large bandwidth, low energy consumption, and wireless communication. Owing to their unique optoelectronic property, metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have received growing attention as effective photosensitive materials in OSDs. Therefore, the review introduces the recent progress on OSDs based on MHPs (MHPs‐OSDs) including the structures and properties of MHPs, and the architectures and performance characteristics of MHPs‐OSDs. Furthermore, applications of MHPs‐OSDs are presented. Finally, the outlook and opportunity of MHPs‐OSDs are discussed.
Interface Engineering of Biomass‐Derived Carbon used as Ultrahigh‐Energy‐Density and Practical Mass‐Loading Supercapacitor Electrodes
Authors: Chen Ruwei , Tang Hao , He Peng , Zhang Wei , Dai Yuhang , Zong Wei , Guo Fei , He Guanjie , Wang Xiaohui
Published: December 2022

The development of flexible electrodes with high mass loading and efficient electron/ion transport is of great significance but still remains the challenge of innovating suitable electrode structures for high energy density application. Herein, for the first time, lignosulfonate‐derived N/S‐co‐doped graphene‐like carbon is in situ formed within an interface engineered cellulose textile through a sacrificial template method. Both experimental and theoretical calculations disclose that the formed pomegranate‐like structure with continuous conductive pathways and porous characteristics allows sufficient ion/electron transport throughout the entire structures. As a result, the obtained flexible electrode delivers a remarkable integrated capacitance of 6534 mF cm−2 (335.1 F g−1) and a superior stability at an industrially applicable mass loading of 19.5 mg cm−2. A pseudocapacitive cathode with ultrahigh capacitance of 7000 mF cm−2 can also be obtained based on the same electrode structure engineering. The as‐assembled asymmetric supercapacitor achieves a high areal capacitance of 3625 mF cm−2, and a maximum energy density of 1.06 mWh cm−2, outperforms most of other reported high‐loading supercapacitors. This synthesis method and structural engineering strategy can provide materials design concepts and a wide range of applications in the fields of energy storage beyond supercapacitors.
Exploring the Potential of PEG‐Heparin Hydrogels to Support Long‐Term Ex Vivo Culture of Patient‐Derived Breast Explant Tissues
Authors: Koch Maria K. , Ravichandran Akhilandeshwari , Murekatete Berline , Clegg Julien , Joseph Mary Teresa , Hampson Madison , Jenkinson Mitchell , Bauer Hannah S. , Snell Cameron , Liu Cheng , Gough Madeline , Thompson Erik W. , Werner Carsten , Hutmacher Dietmar W. , Haupt Larisa M. , Bray Laura J.
Published: December 2022

Breast cancer is a complex, highly heterogenous, and dynamic disease and the leading cause of cancer‐related death in women worldwide. Evaluation of the heterogeneity of breast cancer and its various subtypes is crucial to identify novel treatment strategies that can overcome the limitations of currently available options. Explant cultures of human mammary tissue have been known to provide important insights for the study of breast cancer structure and phenotype as they include the context of the surrounding microenvironment, allowing for the comprehensive exploration of patient heterogeneity. However, the major limitation of currently available techniques remains the short‐term viability of the tissue owing to loss of structural integrity. Here, an ex vivo culture model using star‐shaped poly(ethylene glycol) and maleimide‐functionalized heparin (PEG‐HM) hydrogels to provide structural support to the explant cultures is presented. The mechanical support allows the culture of the human mammary tissue for up to 3 weeks and prevent disintegration of the cellular structures including the epithelium and surrounding stromal tissue. Further, maintenance of epithelial phenotype and hormonal receptors is observed for up to 2 weeks of culture which makes them relevant for testing therapeutic interventions. Through this study, the importance of donor‐to‐donor variability and intra‐patient tissue heterogeneity is reiterated.
Toward 3D Bioprinting of Osseous Tissue of Predefined Shape Using Single‐Matrix Cell‐Bioink Constructs
Authors: Gu Yawei , Pigeot Sebastien , Ahrens Lucas , Tribukait‐Riemenschneider Fabian , Sarem Melika , Wolf Francine , García‐García Andres , Barbero Andrea , Martin Ivan , Shastri V. Prasad
Published: December 2022

Engineering living bone tissue of defined shape on‐demand has remained a challenge. 3D bioprinting (3DBP), a biofabrication process capable of yielding cell constructs of defined shape, when combined with developmental engineering can provide a possible path forward. Through the development of a bioink possessing appropriate rheological properties to carry a high cell load and concurrently yield physically stable structures, printing of stable, cell‐laden, single‐matrix constructs of anatomical shapes is realized without the need for fugitive or support phases. Using this bioink system, constructs of hypertrophic cartilage of predesigned geometry are engineered in vitro by printing human mesenchymal stromal cells at a high density to drive spontaneous condensation and implanted in nude mice to evoke endochondral ossification. The implanted constructs retain their prescribed shape over a 12‐week period and undergo remodeling to yield ossicles of the designed shape with neovascularization. Microcomputed tomography, histological, and immunohistochemistry assessments confirm bone tissue characteristics and the presence of human cells. These results demonstrate the potential of 3DBP to fabricate complex bone tissue for clinical application.
Control of Molecular Orbital Ordering Using a van der Waals Monolayer Ferroelectric
Authors: Amini Mohammad , Silveira Orlando J. , Vaňo Viliam , Lado Jose L. , Foster Adam S. , Liljeroth Peter , Kezilebieke Shawulienu
Published: December 2022

2D ferroelectric materials provide a promising platform for the electrical control of quantum states. In particular, due to their 2D nature, they are suitable for influencing the quantum states of deposited molecules via the proximity effect. Here, electrically controllable molecular states in phthalocyanine molecules adsorbed on monolayer ferroelectric material SnTe are reported. The strain and ferroelectric order in SnTe are found to create a transition between two distinct orbital orders in the adsorbed phthalocyanine molecules. By controlling the polarization of the ferroelectric domain using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), it is successfully demonstrated that orbital order can be manipulated electrically. The results show how ferroelastic coupling in 2D systems allows for control of molecular states, providing a starting point for ferroelectrically switchable molecular orbital ordering and ultimately, electrical control of molecular magnetism.
Cooperative Electronic Structure Modulator of Fe Single‐Atom Electrocatalyst for High Energy and Long Cycle Li–S Pouch Cell
Authors: Lim Won‐Gwang , Park Cheol‐Young , Jung Hyeonjung , Kim Seoa , Kang Seok Hun , Lee Young‐Gi , Jeong Yo Chan , Yang Seung Bo , Sohn Kwonnam , Han Jeong Woo , Lee Jinwoo
Published: December 2022

High‐energy and long cycle lithium–sulfur (Li–S) pouch cells are limited by the insufficient capacities and stabilities of their cathodes under practical electrolyte/sulfur (E/S), electrolyte/capacity (E/C), and negative/positive (N/P) ratios. Herein, an advanced cathode comprising highly active Fe single‐atom catalysts (SACs) is reported to form 320.2 W h kg−1 multistacked Li–S pouch cells with total capacity of ≈1 A h level, satisfying low E/S (3.0), E/C (2.8), and N/P (2.3) ratios and high sulfur loadings (8.4 mg cm−2). The high‐activity Fe SAC is designed by manipulating its local environments using electron‐exchangeable binding (EEB) sites. Introducing EEB sites comprising two different types of S species, namely, thiophene‐like‐S (–S) and oxidized‐S (–SO2), adjacent to Fe SACs promotes the kinetics of the Li2S redox reaction by providing additional binding sites and modulating the Fe d‐orbital levels via electron exchange with Fe. The –S donates the electrons to the Fe SACs, whereas –SO2 withdraws electrons from the Fe SACs. Thus, the Fe d‐orbital energy level can be modulated by the different –SO2/–S ratios of the EEB site, controlling the electron donating/withdrawing characteristics. This desirable electrocatalysis is maximized by the intimate contact of the Fe SACs with the S species, which are confined together in porous carbon.
On‐Surface Synthesis of Chiral Graphene Nanoribbon Segments via the Quarter‐Anthryl on Au(111) Surface
Authors: Zhang Hui , Lu Jianchen , Li Baijin , Zhao Xin‐Jing , Zhou Hangjing , Niu Gefei , Xiong Wei , Zhang Yong , Fu Boyu , Gao Lei , Tan Yuan‐Zhi , Cai Jinming
Published: December 2022

Quarteranthene is predicted to manifest nontrivial edge states as the competition from the hybridization of localized frontier states and the Coulomb repulsion between valence electrons, which hosts much research potential in memory, spintronic devices fabrication, and quantum computation. The fabrication of ribbon‐like structures with up‐mentioned edge states, such as chiral graphene nanoribbon, possesses a high significance in the topological phase transition investigation. However, the synthesis of chiral graphene nanoribbon is limited in reactive substrate or with the edge‐brominated precursor. Here, the fabrication of quarteranthene and its chiral graphene nanoribbon segment on Au(111) substrate is reported. A combined bond‐resolved scanning tunneling microscopy, noncontact atomic force microscopy characterization, and corresponding density functional theory calculations confirm the chemical structure of fabricated products on the Au(111) substrate. The detailed analysis of the laterally extended products reveals that the lateral‐extended structures are acquired via the linkage of the hydrocarbon quarter‐anthryl. In addition, several strategies are used to modulate the yield of quarteranthene and its lateral‐extended products. These findings provide a new insight into the lateral extension strategy on metal substrates and provide another possible fabrication strategy of chiral graphene nanoribbons on the relative inert Au(111) substrate.
Plasma Activation and its Nanoconfinement Effects Boost Surface Anti‐Biofouling Performance
Authors: Mahmoodi Nasim , Bazzoli Dario G. , Overton Tim W. , Mendes Paula M.
Published: December 2022

Although plasma treatment can alter polymer surface wettability and adhesiveness, scant attention has been given to plasma effects across scales and their anti‐fouling performance. Herein, the discovery that plasma‐activated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nanopillar arrays remarkably enhance anti‐fouling behavior, yielding a 98.7% reduction in Escherichia coli adhesion compared to native planar surfaces. The plasma‐activated nanopillar arrays can hold to their anti‐fouling properties for extended periods of storage, still exhibiting more than 65.1% less bacterial colonization than their native planar counterparts after 50 days. The anti‐fouling behavior promoted by plasma activation is significantly enhanced as the structure features reduce in size from macroscale to microscale to nanoscale, revealing an altered plasma activation effect upon confinement at the nanoscale level. It is anticipated that the findings will improve the ability to achieve non‐fouling effects in polymeric materials for a broad range of applications in clinical and industrial settings.
Real‐Space Observation of Potential Reconstruction at Metallic/Insulating Oxide Interface
Authors: Jia Qingxuan , Gloter Alexandre
Published: December 2022

Electric field reconstruction at interfaces plays a crucial role in device performances controlling, for example, Schottky potential barrier and interfacial Rashba effect. Here, scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and ab‐initio calculation are used to estimate the atomic‐scale and large‐scale potential reconstruction at the interface between a metallic oxide SrRuO3 (SRO) thin film and an insulating DyScO3 (DSO) substrate. The intensity and the symmetry of the large‐scale electrostatic reconstruction at the interface is probed by 4D‐STEM discussing the center‐of‐mass shift for different angular ranges detection. Numerical simulations indicate that thermal diffuse scattered (TDS) electrons can be sensitive to large‐scale electric field and experiments based on these diffused electrons near the interface confirm that the electric field extends more in the insulating DyScO3 (DSO) side. The magnitude of the electrostatic drop at the interface estimated by the 4D‐STEM experiment is in accordance with the ab‐initio values for a p‐type reconstruction of the interface plane. Furthermore, an atomically resolved TDS potential asymmetry is observed in real‐space at the SRO/DSO interface by 4D‐STEM. This asymmetry is associated with the formation of a local ferroelectric type dipole at the interfacial unit‐cell revealing unambiguously the balance evolution between antiferrodistortive and ferroelectric instabilities at the interface between a metallic SRO and an insulating DSO.
High‐Efficiency Reclamation of Oscillating Energy During Multiple Droplets Impact on Bionic Lotus Surface
Authors: Li Jingbo , Zhu Zewei , Luo Yimin , Li Xia , Tan Sheng , Luo Zhuangzhu
Published: December 2022

Droplet bouncing on special wettability surface is common and important in daily life and engineering applications (anti‐icing and drag reduction, etc.). However, there are few studies on the multiple droplets impact and there is a lack of systematic research on the interaction of oscillation and bounce. Here, the impact and oscillation of multiple droplets on the porous superhydrophobic bionic lotus surface are studied by a high‐speed camera system. On the bionic lotus surface (Surf‐1), an impacting droplet can merge another larger sessile droplet and bounce off. Comparing with single droplet impact, it is suggested that multiple droplets impact make more efficient use of the air cushion on the micrometer‐nanometer‐scale binary structure (MNBS) and show the self‐cleaning performance of Surf‐1 better. Moreover, with the theory for damped harmonic oscillators, it is found that Surf‐1 can prolong the oscillation of droplets (last >250 ms) and slow down the attenuation of energy. The energy can be efficiently recycled to the bounce by shortening the droplet impact interval (ti). The fundamental understanding of multiple droplets impact and the reclamation of oscillating energy are beneficial for scientific design of new surface and engineering applications.
An Efficient Perovskite‐Like Phosphor with Peak Emission Wavelength at 850 nm for High‐Performance NIR LEDs
Authors: Tang Wenqiang , Wu Dan , Xiao Yu , Dong Xiaoling , Wang Yue , Zhou Wenping , Liu Yifan , Zhang Liangliang
Published: December 2022

Near‐infrared (NIR) phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diodes (pc‐LEDs) are an emerging light source demanded for the miniaturization of NIR spectroscopy. However, the photoelectric efficiency and spectral properties of NIR pc‐LEDs are still very limited due to a lack of efficient broadband NIR phosphors with peak emission wavelength >850 nm. Here, a novel Cr3+‐activated perovskite‐like Mg4Ta2O9 phosphor is reported, which exhibits a broad NIR emission band peaking at 850 nm with a high internal (external) quantum efficiency of 72% (33.4%). The fabricated NIR pc‐LED shows a broad emission band covering the whole 700–1100 nm spectrum range with a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 22.1% at 10 mA. This work may provide a new paradigm for the discovery of Cr3+ singly doped NIR phosphors with excellent performance.
High‐Sensitivity Organic Photodetector Based on Surface‐Concentrated Nonfused Ring Electron Acceptor
Authors: Kim Min Soo , Luo Dou , Jang Woongsik , Kim Byung Gi , Shan Chengwei , Kyaw Aung Ko Ko , Wang Dong Hwan
Published: December 2022

Organic photodetectors (OPDs) with high photodetection abilities are essential requirements for ubiquitous light‐sensing devices. This work presents a simple nonfused ring electron acceptor (NFREA) named “TPDC‐4F” having optical bandgap of 1.42 eV, being designed as an efficient OPD via thickness control and additive engineering of the photosensitive layer. The optimized photosensitive layer composed of poly[(2,6‐(4,8‐bis(5‐(2‐ethylhexyl‐3‐fluoro)thiophen‐2‐yl)‐benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene))‐alt‐(5,5‐(1′,3′‐di‐2‐thienyl‐5′,7′‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)benzo[1′,2′‐c:4′,5′‐c′]dithiophene‐4,8‐dione))] (PM6) donors and TPDC‐4F acceptors shows a dramatically suppressed dark current of 3.55 × 10−9 A cm−2. Moreover, it shows improved photoelectric properties and fast charge transfer even though the photosensitive layer thickness is as large as 330 nm. OPDs based on the 330‐nm‐thick PM6:TPDC‐4F with 1‐chloronaphthalene additive exhibit a high specific detectivity (D*) of 1.27 × 1013 cm Hz1/2 W−1 at 800 nm and a linear dynamic range of 122 dB under a bias of −0.1 V. The device also exhibits fast rise and fall times of 6.81 and 5.41 µs, respectively. This work demonstrates that the NFREA‐based OPDs offer competitive device performance compared to those based on fused‐ring electron acceptors.
Cathode–Electrolyte Interface Modification by Binder Engineering for High‐Performance Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Dong Haobo , Liu Ruirui , Hu Xueying , Zhao Fangjia , Kang Liqun , Liu Longxiang , Li Jianwei , Tan Yeshu , Zhou Yongquan , Brett Dan J.L. , He Guanjie , Parkin Ivan P.
Published: December 2022

A stable cathode–electrolyte interface (CEI) is crucial for aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs), but it is less investigated. Commercial binder poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is widely used without scrutinizing its suitability and cathode‐electrolyte interface (CEI) in AZIBs. A water‐soluble binder is developed that facilitated the in situ formation of a CEI protecting layer tuning the interfacial morphology. By combining a polysaccharide sodium alginate (SA) with a hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), the surface morphology, and charge storage kinetics can be confined from diffusion‐dominated to capacitance‐controlled processes. The underpinning mechanism investigates experimentally in both kinetic and thermodynamic perspectives demonstrate that the COO− from SA acts as an anionic polyelectrolyte facilitating the adsorption of Zn2+; meanwhile fluoride atoms on PTFE backbone provide hydrophobicity to break desolvation penalty. The hybrid binder is beneficial in providing a higher areal flux of Zn2+ at the CEI, where the Zn‐Birnessite MnO2 battery with the hybrid binder exhibits an average specific capacity 45.6% higher than that with conventional PVDF binders; moreover, a reduced interface activation energy attained fosters a superior rate capability and a capacity retention of 99.1% in 1000 cycles. The hybrid binder also reduces the cost compared to the PVDF/NMP, which is a universal strategy to modify interface morphology.
High‐Throughput Metal 3D Printing Pen Enabled by a Continuous Molten Droplet Transfer
Authors: Kim Chan Kyu , Cho Dae‐Won , Kim Seok , Song Sang Woo , Seo Kang Myung , Cho Young Tae
Published: December 2022

In metal additive manufacturing (AM), arc plasma is attracting attention as an alternative heat source to expensive lasers to enable the use of various metal wire materials with a high deposition efficiency. However, the stepwise material deposition and resulting limited number of degrees of freedom limit their potential for high‐throughput and large‐scale production for industrial applications. Herein, a high‐throughput metal 3D printing pen (M3DPen) strategy is proposed based on an arc plasma heat source by harnessing the surface tension of the molten metal for enabling continuous material deposition without a downward flow by gravity. The proposed approach differs from conventional arc‐based metal AM in that it controls the solidification and cooling time between interlayers of a point‐by‐point deposition path, thereby allowing for continuous metal 3D printing of freestanding and overhanging structures at once. The resulting mechanical properties and unique microstructures by continuous metal deposition that occur due to the difference in the thermal conditions of the molten metal under cooling are also investigated. This technology can be applied to a wide range of alloy systems and industrial manufacturing, thereby providing new possibilities for metal 3D printing.
Whole‐Cell P450 Biocatalysis Using Engineered Escherichia coli with Fine‐Tuned Heme Biosynthesis
Authors: Hu Baodong , Yu Haibo , Zhou Jingwen , Li Jianghua , Chen Jian , Du Guocheng , Lee Sang Yup , Zhao Xinrui
Published: December 2022

By exploiting versatile P450 enzymes, whole‐cell biocatalysis can be performed to synthesize valuable compounds in Escherichia coli. However, the insufficient supply of heme limits the whole‐cell P450 biocatalytic activity. Here a strategy for improving intracellular heme biosynthesis to enhance the catalytic efficiencies of P450s is reported. After comparing the effects of improving heme transport and biosynthesis on P450 activities, intracellular heme biosynthesis is optimized through the integrated expression of necessary synthetic genes at proper ratios and the assembly of rate‐limiting enzymes using DNA‐guided scaffolds. The intracellular heme level is fine‐tuned by the combined use of mutated heme‐sensitive biosensors and small regulatory RNA systems. The catalytic efficiencies of three different P450s, BM3, sca‐2, and CYP105D7, are enhanced through fine‐tuning heme biosynthesis for the synthesis of hydroquinone, pravastatin, and 7,3′,4′‐trihydroxyisoflavone as example products of chemical intermediate, drug, and natural product, respectively. This strategy of fine‐tuned heme biosynthesis will be generally useful for developing whole‐cell biocatalysts involving hemoproteins.
Ni‐Ion‐Chelating Strategy for Mitigating the Deterioration of Li‐Ion Batteries with Nickel‐Rich Cathodes
Authors: Park Seon Yeong , Park Sewon , Lim Hyeong Yong , Yoon Moonsu , Choi Jeong‐Hee , Kwak Sang Kyu , Hong Sung You , Choi Nam‐Soon
Published: December 2022

Ni‐rich cathodes are the most promising candidates for realizing high‐energy‐density Li‐ion batteries. However, the high‐valence Ni4+ ions formed in highly delithiated states are prone to reduction to lower valence states, such as Ni3+ and Ni2+, which may cause lattice oxygen loss, cation mixing, and Ni ion dissolution. Further, LiPF6, a key salt in commercialized electrolytes, undergoes hydrolysis to produce acidic compounds, which accelerate Ni‐ion dissolution and the interfacial deterioration of the Ni‐rich cathode. Dissolved Ni ions migrate and deposit on the surface of the graphite anode, causing continuous electrolyte decomposition and threatening battery safety by forming Li dendrites on the anode. Herein, 1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (DPPE) chelates Ni ions dissolved from the Ni‐rich cathode using bidentate phosphine moieties and alleviates LiPF6 hydrolysis via complexation with PF5. Further, DPPE reduces the generation of corrosive HF and HPO2F2 substantially compared to the amounts observed using trimethyl phosphite and tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphite, which are HF‐scavenging additives. Li‐ion cells with Ni‐rich cathodes and graphite anodes containing DPPE exhibit remarkable discharge capacity retentions of 83.4%, with high Coulombic efficiencies of >99.99% after 300 cycles at 45 °C. The results of this study will promote the development of electrolyte additives.
An Attention Mechanism‐Based Adaptive Feedback Computing Component by Neuromorphic Ion Gated MoS2 Transistors
Authors: Liu Chang , Wang Yanghao , Zhang Teng , Yuan Rui , Yang Yuchao
Published: December 2022

Neuromorphic computing is expected to bridge cognitive behaviors with computing systems in an efficient, expandable, and biologically inspired way. A pivotal cognitive behavior is the attention mechanism, which is highly important in filtering and regulating spatio‐temporal information. Emerging neuromorphic devices hold prospect in utilizing their internal physical mechanisms for dynamic computing resources. Here, a basic top–down attention computing component consisting of a synaptic transistor and a neuron is proposed, where efficient information processing is realized by combining the inherent device dynamics and the feedback loop. A theoretical model is established in simulation to demonstrate the capabilities of such a computing system in information filtering and control. Notably, new dynamic circuit behaviors, such as conductance oscillation and activate function switching, are discovered from appropriate time parameters. The attention computing component contains rich dynamic behaviors, providing a power and area‐saving method to construct high‐complexity neuromorphic systems for spatio‐temporal signal preprocessing and control.
Lithium‐Rich Li2TiS3 Cathode Enables High‐Energy Sulfide All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Hu Yaqi , Sun Zhen , Zhang Zongliang , Liu Siliang , He Fangbo , Liu Yang , Zhuang Zhi , Liu Fangyang
Published: December 2022

Outstanding interfacial issues exist between oxide cathodes and sulfide electrolytes in all‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs), while high‐capacity Li‐rich sulfide cathodes are gaining attention for application. Herein, a sulfide cathode active material Li2TiS3 (LTS) that is chemically compatible with sulfide solid electrolytes, is used in high‐performance Li6PS5Cl‐based ASSLBs at room temperature. The batteries demonstrate a maximum discharge capacity of 423.2 mAh g−1 (910 Wh kg−1 based on Li2TiS3) with 95% capacity retention after 100 cycles at 0.1 C (0.33 mA cm−2). Traces of elemental sulfur on the surface of LTS are mainly responsible for the excessive Li‐intercalation and the capacity exceedance. The Li6PS5Cl is also found to offer a nonnegligible capacity (at least 27% of excess capacity) by comparing the Li6PS5Cl‐based and Li3YCl6‐based cells using Li2TiS3 as cathode active material. During long cycling, the amorphization and degradation of Li2TiS3 and Li6PS5Cl cause capacity decay. The electrochemical kinetics of Li6PS5Cl‐based cells are evaluated as a reference to further exploit the potential of Li2TiS3 material for practical applications in ASSLBs. Overall, this superior Li‐rich sulfide material is an attractive alternative to oxide cathodes for the development of high‐performance ASSLBs.
Understanding the Role of Cesium on Chemical Complexity in Methylammonium‐Free Metal Halide Perovskites
Authors: Yang Jonghee , LaFollette Diana K. , Lawrie Benjamin J. , Ievlev Anton V. , Liu Yongtao , Kelley Kyle P. , Kalinin Sergei V. , Correa‐Baena Juan‐Pablo , Ahmadi Mahshid
Published: December 2022

Mixed cesium‐ and formamidinium‐based metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are emerging as ideal photovoltaic materials due to their promising performance and improved stability. While theoretical predictions suggest that a larger composition ratio of Cs (≈30%) aids the formation of a pure photoactive α‐phase, high photovoltaic performances can only be realized in MHPs with moderate Cs ratios. In fact, elemental mixing in a solution can result in chemical complexities with non‐equilibrium phases, causing chemical inhomogeneities localized in the MHPs that are not traceable with global device‐level measurements. Thus, the chemical origin of the complexities and understanding of their effect on stability and functionality remain elusive. Herein, through spatially resolved analyses, the fate of local chemical structures, particularly the evolution pathway of non‐equilibrium phases and the resulting local inhomogeneities in MHPs is comprehensively explored. It is shown that Cs‐rich MHPs have substantial local inhomogeneities at the initial crystallization step, which do not fully convert to the α‐phase and thereby compromise the optoelectronic performance of the materials. These fundamental observations allow the authors to draw a complete chemical landscape of MHPs including nanoscale chemical mechanisms, providing indispensable insights into the realization of a functional materials platform.
Stress Analysis of Flexible GaInP/GaAs/InGaAs Solar Cells Based on Cu Thin‐Film Substrates
Authors: Chen Zhitao , Long Junhua , Sun Qiangjian , Wang Xia , Wu Xiaoxu , Li Xufei , Yu Menglu , Luo Xiaolong , Zhao Huyin , Fu Yuechun , Lu Shulong
Published: December 2022

The stress of GaInP/GaAs/InGaAs triple‐junction (3J) solar cells with different thicknesses of Cu thin‐film substrates is analyzed. X‐ray diffractometer and metallographic examination show that the unstable as‐deposited Cu film undergoes room‐temperature self‐annealing, which results in grain growth and changes the internal stress of the Cu film over time. A suitable Cu thickness (18 μm) for 3J solar cells is obtained, whose internal stress can offset the stress caused by the epitaxial mismatch. The flexible 3J solar cell with 18 μm Cu film has the lowest curvature of 8.24 m−1 under the combined effect of thermal stress and lattice mismatch stress. The photovoltaic conversion efficiency reaches 35.02% with the open‐circuit voltage of 3.03 V under AM1.5G spectrum. Cu films with a thickness of 14–28 μm have little effect on the optoelectronic properties of the final device. Reducing the curvature of lattice‐mismatched GaInP/GaAs/InGaAs solar cell devices is beneficial for realizing large‐scale flexible solar cell modules.
Model‐free real‐time optimization of process systems using safe Bayesian optimization
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Dinesh , Doyle Francis J.
Published: December 2022

Conventional real‐time optimization (RTO) requires detailed process models, which may be challenging or expensive to obtain. Model‐free RTO methods are an attractive alternative to circumvent the challenge of developing accurate models. Most model‐free RTO methods are based on estimating the steady‐state cost gradient with respect to the decision variables and driving the estimated gradient to zero using integral action. However, accurate gradient estimation requires clear time scale separation from the plant dynamics, such that the dynamic plant can be assumed to be a static map. For processes with long settling times, this can lead to prohibitively slow convergence to the optimum. To avoid the need to estimate the cost gradients from the measurement, this article uses Bayesian optimization, which is a zeroth order black‐box optimization framework. In particular, this article uses a safe Bayesian optimization based on interior point methods to ensure that the setpoints computed by the model‐free steady‐state RTO layer are guaranteed to be feasible with high probability (i.e., the safety‐critical constraints will not be violated at steady‐state). The proposed method can thus be seen as a model‐free variant of the conventional two‐step steady‐state RTO framework (with steady‐state detection), which is demonstrated on a benchmark Williams‐Otto reactor example.
Quantum Thermalization and Thermal Entanglement in the Open Quantum Rabi Model
Authors: Liu Wang‐Yan , Fan Li‐Bao , Zeng Ye‐Xiong , Huang Jin‐Feng , Liao Jie‐Qiao
Published: December 2022

Quantum thermalization and thermal entanglement in the open quantum Rabi model (QRM), in which a two‐level system and a single‐mode bosonic field are coupled to either two individual heat baths or a common heat bath, are studied. By treating the QRM as an effective multilevel system and deriving global quantum master equations in the eigenstate representation of the QRM, the physical conditions for quantum thermalization of the QRM is studied. It is found that, in the individual heat‐bath case, the QRM can only be thermalized when either the two heat baths have the same temperature or the QRM is only coupled to one of the two baths. In the common heat‐bath case, differently, the QRM can always be thermalized. Thermal entanglement of the QRM in both the resonant‐ and non‐resonant coupling cases is also studied. The logarithmic negativity for the thermal state of the QRM is obtained in a wide parameter space, ranging from the low‐ to high‐temperature limits, and from the weak‐ to deep‐strong‐coupling regimes. This work paves the way toward the study of quantum effects in nonequilibrium ultrastrongly‐coupled light‐matter systems.
Turn‐on Circularly Polarized Luminescence in Chiral Indium Chlorides by 5s2 Metal Centers
Authors: Wang Zhiyu , Wang Xiaoming , Chen Zhongwei , Liu Yang , Xie Huilin , Xue Jie , Mao Lingling , Yan Yanfa , Lu Haipeng
Published: December 2022

Introducing chirality into the metal‐halide hybrids has enabled many emerging properties including chiroptical activity, spin‐dependent transport, and ferroelectricity. However, most of the chiral metal‐halide hybrids to date are non‐emissive, and the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we show a new strategy to turn on the circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) in chiral metal‐halide hybrids. We demonstrate that alloying Sb3+ into chiral indium‐chloride hybrids dramatically increases the photoluminescence quantum yield in two new series of chiral indium‐antimony chlorides. These materials exhibit strong CPL signals with tunable energy and a high dissymmetry factor up to 1.5×10−2. Mechanistic studies reveal that the emission originates from the self‐trapped excitons centered in 5s2 Sb3+. Moreover, near‐ultraviolet pumped white light is demonstrated with a polarization up to 6.0 %. Our work demonstrates new strategies towards highly luminescent chiral metal‐halide hybrids.
Bottlenose dolphins share fish farm areas while maintaining sexual segregation: Investigating group memberships through spatially and temporally explicit parameters
Authors: Bonizzoni Silvia , Genov Tilen , Bearzi Giovanni
Published: December 2022

Group membership is a key attribute of animal societies and central to the study of social structure in several taxa. However, social structure analyses are sensitive to the way data are collected and associations defined.

In this study, a time–space method was used to investigate the social structure of common bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus observed and photographed across 7 years in the semi‐enclosed Gulf of Corinth, Greece. Instead of adopting traditional group definitions, individuals were considered as being members of the same group if photographed within a specific time and space window. This approach can be applied post hoc across studies and can offer advantages under challenging sampling conditions (e.g. when dealing with groups spread over vast areas or when group membership is otherwise hard to assess).

Dolphins were mostly found around coastal cage aquaculture facilities farming European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax and gilthead seabream Sparus aurata.

Dolphins formed clusters largely or entirely composed of individuals of the same sex, suggestive of sex‐based homophily. Habitat partitioning was not detected: there was substantial spatial overlap among dolphin clusters, with all individuals using a relatively small area in the northern portion of the Gulf, where most of the productive fish farms were located. Associations between females were stronger than those between males, and daughters tended to stay in the group of their mothers.

Sex‐based social clustering may allow females and calves to limit interactions with potentially aggressive males, while individuals of both sexes benefit from prey concentrated around fish farms.

Adaptation to foraging around farms can result in trade‐offs between the costs and benefits of nourishment and social interaction. This may have both positive or negative effects on the animals that should be considered in the context of ensuring their favourable conservation status.
Discovery of new cyanopyridine/chalcone hybrids as dual inhibitors of EGFR/BRAFV600E with promising antiproliferative properties
Authors: Abou‐Zied Hesham A. , Beshr Eman A. M. , Gomaa Hesham A. M. , Mostafa Yaser A. , Youssif Bahaa G. M. , Hayallah Alaa M. , Abdel‐Aziz Mohamed
Published: December 2022

As dual EGFR and BRAFV600E inhibitors, 2‐(3‐cyano‐4,6‐bis(aryl)‐2‐oxo‐1,2‐dihydropyridine‐1‐yl)‐N‐(4‐cinnamoylphenyl) acetamide derivatives 8–20 were developed. Compounds 8, 12, and 13 showed strong antiproliferative activity when the target compounds were synthesized and tested in vitro against four cancer cell lines. These hybrids have a dual inhibition activity on EGFR and BRAFV600E, according to in vitro studies. The EGFR was inhibited by compounds 8, 12, and 13 with IC50 values between 89 and 110 nM, which were equivalent to those of erlotinib (IC50 = 80 nm). Compound 13 was found to be an effective inhibitor of the proliferation of cancer cells (GI50 = 0.72 µM) and demonstrated hopeful inhibitory activity of BRAFV600E (IC50 = 58 nm), which is superior to erlotinib (IC50 = 65 nm). Compound 13 caused apoptosis and showed cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1phase in a study on the MCF‐7 cell line. The new compounds can fit tightly into the active sites of EGFR and BRAFV600E kinases, according to molecular docking analyses.
The branch‐cut cosmology: A topological canonical quantum‐mechanics approach
Authors: Hess Peter O. , Zen Vasconcellos César A. , de Freitas Pacheco José , Hadjimichef Dimiter , Bodmann Benno
Published: December 2022

In this contribution, we sketch a branch‐cut quantum formulation of the Wheeler‐DeWitt equation analytically continued to the complex plane. As a starting point, we base our approach on the Hořava‐Lifshitz formulation of gravity, which employs higher spatial‐derivative terms of the spacetime curvature for renormalization reasons. Following standard procedures, the quantization of the Lagrangian density is achieved by raising the Hamiltonian, the dynamical variable , which represents the the branch‐cut complex scale factor, and the conjugate momentum pln to the category of operators. We arrive at a Schrödinger‐type equation with a non‐linear potential. Solutions are then obtained and discussed for different potential parameterizations. The results reinforce the conception of a quantum leap between the contraction and expansion phases of the branch‐cut universe, in good agreement with the Bekenstein criterion.