bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
31‐1: Numerical Approach for Sound Quality Prediction of the Large‐sized OLED Panel Speaker
Authors: Shin Hyundo , Park Hyun Sung , Seo Yudeok , Kim Yongjo
Published: June 2022

In this study, we proposed a numerical approach to predict a sound quality of the large‐sized OLED panel speaker. In order to perform accurate numerical analysis of the panel speaker, it is necessary to build the entire display module and the multiphysic simulation of elastic and acoustics must be analyzed. In this study, we totally constructed a three‐dimensional (3D) finite element model of the OLED panel to analysis the multi‐physics and it is sequentially simplified to reduce the computational cost. The modified incident condition is applied as an external pressure boundary condition to correct the total energy decrease by increasing the operation frequency. The results of the proposed method was verified by numerical simulations and experimental measurements.
31‐3: Multi‐Primary Wide‐Gamut Color Systems
Authors: Carbonara Corey , Korpi Michael , DeFilippis James , Bogdanowicz Mitchell , Feather Gary , Mandle Gary
Published: June 2022

Use of a Yxy encoding system is explained, demonstrating that a multi‐primary system can leverage existing standards/practices and not only coexist with RGB, but also enable a variety of types of multi‐primary displays without locking display manufacturers into a display standard. We call this approach the Full Color Range (FCR) system.
32‐4: Metal Oxide Thin‐Film Transistors with 0.1 μm channel length formed by Self‐Aligned Nanogap Patterning
Authors: Sung Chihun , Nam Sooji , Cho Sung Haeng
Published: June 2022

We demonstrate the oxide semiconductor TFTs with submicron channel length realized by Self‐Aligned Nanogap Patterning (SANP) process which makes it enable to overcome the resolution limit of conventional photolithographic tool in the large area electronics. Using contact aligner with line and space resolution of 3 pm, the Al‐doped InZnSnO TFT with field‐effect mobility of 12 cm2/Vs, subthreshold swing of 100 mV/dec, Ion/IOff 1010, and turn‐on voltage of −0.88 V was successfully fabricated in the channel length of about 100 nm
33‐1: All‐Inkjet‐printed AMOLED Display with Improved Efficiency and Lifetime
Authors: Kim Sehun , Kang Taeheon , Kim Heunggyu , Mun Hyeran , Koo Youngmo , Ha Jaekook , Lee Changhee
Published: June 2022

Inkjet‐printing of organic light‐emitting diodes(OLEDs) is a revolutionary technology aimed at large‐size panel production, high OLED material consumption efficiency and lower manufacturing costs. Here we demonstrate all‐inkjet‐printed 12.4‐inch AMOLED display by developing a novel ink composition for ETL which enables uniform ETL formation with full orthogonality to small‐molecule EML.
33‐3: Invited Paper: Research and Applications of Inkjet Printing for OLED Mass Production
Authors: Gassend Valerie , Hauf Christopher R. , Chen Jianglong
Published: June 2022

OLEDs (organic light‐emitting diode) are one of the prevalent display technologies and their penetration in the consumer electronic market is fast growing. As a reliable and cost‐effective deposition technique for polymeric planarization layers, inkjet printing has been successfully applied to the mass production of flexible OLED displays. In this paper, we present the concept that for today's common ranges of process layer thickness, the quality and consistency of the deposited polymeric film can be agnostic to the selection of drop volumes. However, printer flexibility in terms of drop size and printhead support is critical to meeting the full range of current and future processes adopting the proven inkjet printing process. Applications utilizing the state‐of‐the‐art Kateeva inkjet printing systems are presented to demonstrate our study and for the reader to be able to assess if inkjet technology could be advantageous for a particular OLED application.
35‐3: The Measurement Method of Halo: Halo Length, Angular Halo
Authors: Suh Hyunah , Lim Han Byul , Kim Hyosun , Ha Hyeyoung , Seo Young-Jun , Kwon Jaejoong , Lee Changhee
Published: June 2022

Recently the customers have chances to experience the images of new types of displays such as OLED, QD Display, and Mini LED LCD. However, the numbers measured by traditional methods may be less relevance to the users' experiences. Contrast and its variance depending on the viewing angle are important factors of display image quality. Although users normally perceive the contrast when black and white patterns appear together on the screen, the exiting method calculates the contrast ratio by measuring patterns separately. In this study, we suggest the new assessments on contrast ratio and viewing angle that reflect the users' perceived image quality. These are based on halation of IDMS which uses the patterns that black and white appear simultaneously [1]. Moreover, we conduct the subjective evaluation experiment in order to verify the new assessment. As a result, the suggested assessments explained well users' experience on contrast ratio. It is also confirmed the higher the number of local dimming zones, the better the experience of image quality for consumers.
36‐3: Novel Silicone Hotmelt Adhesive for Display Assembly Applications
Authors: Yamazaki Ryosuke , Ozaki Kouichi , Imaizumi Toru , Yamamoto Shinichi , Ushio Yoshito
Published: June 2022

Silicone material is famous for its optical transparency and photothermal stability, for which it is often used in display assembly applications such as optical bonding or encapsulation. However, silicone material carries a limitation of CTE (Coefficient of Thermal Expansion) mismatching with most substrates, resulting in high thermal stress in the laminated body. In this presentation, a novel silicone hotmelt solution for these applications will be introduced. A newly developed silicone hotmelt adhesive provides excellent stress relaxation, mechanical toughness and adhesion capabilities for harsh reliability conditions; it also allows for unique methods of applying onto the substrate.
36‐4: Precision Micro‐Optics on Display Technical Glass for Innovative Display Designs
Authors: Lesuffleur Antoine , Kang Casey , Aguilar Alejandro , Lee Sang-Mook , Yu Chao , Li Chengshuai , Sharps Robert , Rawert Markus , Humbach Oliver , Brommert Janine , Zhang Han , Klasen Martin
Published: June 2022

This paper introduces micro‐optics fabrication on technical display glass. It improves display efficiency and enables innovative optical designs. Key value proposition is micro‐optics alignment with the display pixels. Technical data will be presented demonstrating the performance advantage of precision micro‐optics on technical glass compared to plastic substrate, and scalability to large‐size manufacturing.
37‐4: Student Paper: Depth‐Enhanced 2D/3D Switchable Display Based on Integral Imaging
Authors: Li Qiang , Deng Huan , Zhong Fei-Yan , He Wei , Rao Feng-Bin
Published: June 2022

The development of two‐dimensional (2D)/three‐dimensional (3D) switchable displays in the display market is limited due to the narrow depth of 3D display mode. In this paper, we propose a depth‐enhanced 2D/3D switchable display based on integral imaging that stacks multiple polarization switching layers and multiple polarization‐dependent liquid crystal micro‐lens arrays (LCMLAs) together. According to the change of the incident polarization state by the polarization switching layer, the polarization‐dependent LCMLA can realize the focusing effect and transmission effect respectively. Because different layers of polarization‐dependent LCMLA have different gaps (g) and the combination of different layers of polarization‐dependent LCMLA obtains different focal lengths (f), hence, multiple central depth planes can be generated to improve the depth of field (DOF) of the 3D mode. The 2D display mode is realized when all the layers of the polarization‐dependent LCMLA are in transmission effect. We experimentally developed a prototype of the proposed 2D/3D switchable display with two polarization switching layers and two polarization‐dependent LCMLAs. The results show that the DOF of the prototype is easily increased by more than two times. At the same time, the 2D image is also clearly presented in 2D mode without any distortion.
38‐2: Latest Breakthroughs in 200 and 300 mm EPI Technology to Unlock the Micro LED Revolution for the Metaverse and Beyond
Authors: Nishikawa A. , Loesing A. , Slischka B.
Published: June 2022

We have proposed a combination of large diameter GaN‐on‐Si epiwafer and high‐precision, low‐cost Si foundry processes as the ultimate solution to overcome the current cost and yield issues in micro LED display fabrication. For this purpose, it is crucial to realize GaN‐on‐Si epiwafers which not only have excellent LED performance but also possess excellent processability to be accepted in Si foundries in order to utilize the maximum benefits from such combination. Especially, non‐SEMI standard thickness substrates are typically used for GaN‐on‐Si epi growth to overcome strain‐engineering issues. This is a huge hurdle for standard foundry processes. In this article, we report how ALLOS manages to produce excellent LED performance with SEMI‐standard thickness epiwafer owing to ALLOS' unique GaN‐on‐Si epitechnology for 200 mm GaN‐on‐Si epiwafers and we report on the successful scaling to 300 mm diameter for GaN‐on‐Si epiwafers.
38‐4: Invited Paper: Inline Screening Known Good Die (KGD) Mapping for MicroLEDs
Authors: Robinson John C.
Published: June 2022

MicroLED displays have many key advantages over other display technologies. Cost, however, remains a key challenge to wide market acceptance. Reducing cost requires improvements in micro LED chip yield and reliability. This, in turn, will necessitate a shift in the process control mindset from traditional LED to that more typical of mainstream semiconductor manufacturing processes. Furthermore, elements of automotive semiconductor reliability control, such as die screening based on inline defectivity may also be necessary to meet the yield, reliability, and cost targets.
40‐1: Invited Paper: Marching Toward Theoretical Limits of Blue Fluorescent OLEDs with BI >300
Authors: LIANG Xiao , CAO Xudong , LI Chong , ZHANG Dongdong , DUAN Lian
Published: June 2022

Highly efficient blue top emission organic light‐emitting diode with a remarkable blue index (BI) of 305 was demonstrated. This was achieved step by step through a combination of customized high reflectivity Ag anode, CPL with high refractivity, electron/hole transporting materials with high injection and transportation capabilities, and carefully engineered device configurations.
40‐4: Double EML Structure for High Efficiency Organic Light Emitting Diode
Authors: Lee Eun-Hyung , Kim Yong-Cheol , Kil Moon-Sung , Seok Han-Byeol , Shin Kil-Yong , Jeon Hyun-Sook , Kim Mi-Na , Lee Heui-Dong , Baek Ji-Ho , Kim Jeom-Jae , Yoon Soo-Young
Published: June 2022

We describe a high performance architecture for improving the opto‐electronic characteristics of OLED devices through Double EML structure. The luminous efficiency has nearly 5% improvement compared with conventional devices. Further, we demonstrate that the cascade energy transfer structure can broaden recombination zone and the fast mobility of electrons prevent the quenching effect. The OLED devices in this fashion achieve a high performance and cost‐effectiveness in the various electronic gadgets.
42‐1: Invited Paper: High‐Resolution Light‐Field AR at Comparable Computing Cost to Stereo 3D
Authors: Sluka Tomas
Published: June 2022

Sequential Iight‐field by CREAL creates high‐resolution genuinely 3D imagery with correct monocular depth cues. It eliminates focal rivalry, vergence‐accommodation conflict, and provides correct ocular parallax. Contrary to widespread notion, Iight‐field can be equally or more computationally and data‐efficient as an AR display than conventional raster displays. This paper will introduce why and how.
44‐1: Distinguished Paper: Electrophoretic Display Comprising Black, White, Red, and Yellow Particles
Authors: Zang HongMei , Lin Craig , Du Hui , Gu Haiyan , Parent Mary , Chen Yajuan , Liu Lei
Published: June 2022

Following the commercial success of the three‐particle electrophoretic display E Ink Spectra� 3000, a four‐particle electrophoretic display, Spectra� 3100, was developed and launched as a premier product in 2021. It targets electronic shelf label applications and signage applications by providing vibrant optical states of black, white, red, yellow and dithering capability. Specially engineered black, white, red and yellow particles in the electrophoretic ink respond to different electric fields to show their intrinsic colors on the display. For the best readability under various light conditions, angles and distances, Spectra� 3100 imaging film can reach a typical contrast ratio of 30 while maintaining a maximum driving voltage of 15V. The ink is coated and sealed in a thin film Microcup� structure using an additive and high yield roll‐to‐roll process.
45‐1: Invited Paper: Charge Balance in OLEDs: Optimization of Hole‐Injection Layer
Authors: Xie Menglan , Pang Huiqing , Wang Jing , Cui Zhihao , Kwong Ray , Xia Sean
Published: June 2022

In this work, we provide a novel strategy to improve the charge balance in organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) by optimizing the hole injection layer (HIL) and thereby controlling the overall hole supply in the device. The lowest unoccupied molecular orbit (LUMO) of the p‐dopant proposed in this work, PD02, is ‐4.63 eV, much shallower than that of the commercial material (PD01). Nevertheless, this enables use of the doping concentration to modulate the supply of holes to the emissive layer to control the charge balance. We demonstrate that device performances are significantly improved by employing such a scheme. With 23% molar doping of PD02, a bottom emission red OLED achieves external quantum efficiency (EQE) over 30%, operating voltage of 3.4 V and LT95 ~ 15,000 h at 10 mA/cm2. Moreover, the efficiency roll‐off is also suppressed up till ~ 3,500 cd/m2, a desirable feature in display applications. A study of exciton distribution within the emissive layer suggests that improved charge balance is indeed achieved in the optimized structure. An additional benefit from the modified HIL is its lower lateral conductivity relative to the standard formula, which reduces crosstalk between RGB pixels.
45‐2: Invited Paper: Towards High‐Performance Organic Transistors for Display and other Applications
Authors: Guo Erjuan , Wu Zhongbin , Liu Yuan , Kleemann Hans , Leo Karl
Published: June 2022

Organic semiconductor devices have potential for displays as light emitter and organic backplane transistors. We present vertical transistor structures with very short channel length without micropatterning. These devices are well suited to drive organic light‐emitting diodes (OLED), allowing all‐organic flexible displays. We have achieved kA/cm2 current densities useful for bright OLED displays and record operating frequencies >40MHz /2/. Vertical organic light‐emitting transistors show efficient emission in different colors, combining OLED operation and switching and fully compatible with vacuum mass production. Vertical transistors have GHz potential using highly ordered layers grown quasi‐epitaxially.
46‐3: Invited Paper: Skin‐like Organic Optoelectronic System for Real‐time Heart Rate Monitoring
Authors: Yun Youngjun , Lee Yeongjun , Chung Jong Won , Lee Gae Hwnag , Kang Hyunbum , Kim Joo-Young , Kang Sung-Gyu , Jung Ji Young , Kuzumoto Yasutaka , Gam Sangah , Hahm Suk Gyu , Hong Yongtaek , Choi Byoungki
Published: June 2022

Conventional wearable electronics do not have conformal contact with the skin, so they might produce unreliable detecting of physiological signals during continuous health monitoring. This leads to the skin‐like healthcare patch that ensure secure contact with skin and maximizes user's comfort during daily life. Here, we present skin‐like stretchable and conformable healthcare patch in which stretchable organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) matrix display and a stretchable organic photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor are implemented together. The patch, fabricated on elastomer substrate without pre‐strained fabricating process, maintain stable operation up to 30% strain by the use of the stress relief layers and deformable micro‐cracked interconnects that reduce the mechanical stress of the OLED matrix display and PPG sensor. The simple device structure and reliable fabrication process show promise for commercialization of healthcare patch as novel form‐factor of wearable electronics.
46‐4: Student Paper: Reconfigurable and Reusable Soft Modular LED Blocks Assembly
Authors: Yoon Jaeyoung , Kim Hayun , Hong Yongtaek
Published: June 2022

We present a soft modular LED blocks assembly approach that is reconfigurable and reusable based on sticky elastomeric layers and stretchable interconnectors. The soft modular LED blocks are electrically connected by stretchable interconnects. We demonstrated various reconfigurations of modular LED blocks, including three by three LEDs onto a curvilinear surface.
47‐3: Electromagnetic Compatibility Problem Analysis of Flexible Vehicle Organic‐light Emitting Display
Authors: Dong Hang , Huang Xing , Li Qiang , Zhao Cheng-Jie , Shui Yu-Dan , Zhao Hui , Lai Zheng-De , Feng You-Xiong
Published: June 2022

As a new vehicle display technology, flexible active‐matrix organic‐light emitting display with more complex circuit system and algorithm architecture than LCD, which is facing more challenges from electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) issues. Aiming at the actual EMC‐related problems in vehicle flexible display, here we analyzed the test method, abnormal phenomenon and principle of optical, ESD and EMC test from three aspects of interference source, interference path and terminal protection, and summarized the analysis methods and raised the improvement measures as well as the design rule for avoiding similar EMC problems.
48‐1: Solid‐State Laser Crystallization for Poly‐Si TFTs and Their Applications
Authors: Tanabe Hiroshi , Obata Hideki , Hayashi Ken-ichi , Hamada Keita , Shoji Isao , Mori Shigeru
Published: June 2022

We demonstrate for the first time that a pulsed solid‐state laser with a wavelength of 343 nm has the potential to fabricate poly‐Si films equivalent to the conventional ones and that they can be applied to TFTs and OLED displays for practical use. This suggests that this laser could replace the excimer laser used in the crystallization process for LTPS technology and also that it might contribute to reducing the cost of ownership in industry.
49‐4: Thin and Lightweight Head‐Mounted Displays with Polarized Laser Backlights and Holographic Optics
Authors: Komura Shinichi , Okuda Koichi , Kijima Hiroaki
Published: June 2022

Thin and lightweight head‐mounted displays for virtual reality with holographic optics were proposed. To reduce power, we propose applying a polarized laser backlight. To confirm the feasibility, we developed a benchtop prototype. We showed a clear virtual image with the same magnification as conventional optics.
51‐2: Glass Solution for Zero Border Design (ZBD) TVs: Advantages and Prevention of Border Light Leakage
Authors: Niu Tzu-ling , Yang Chi-Hsiang , Chen Wei-shin , Wang Bor-Kai , Mi Xiang-Dong , Teng Hsuan-Yu , Sullivan Andy , Ishikawa Tomohiro
Published: June 2022

For over 15 years, Corning Eagle XG™ Glass has been a mainstream display substrate in the industry. Recently, it is also used as a back‐lighting unit (BLU) component, a Glass Diffuser Plate (GDP), to enable “Zero‐Border” Design (ZBD) LCD TV. In this article, we first review requirements of BLU of ZBD TV, and contrasts Eagle XG™ against a polymeric and other glass materials to demonstrate the benefit of its use. We also discuss the origin of edge light leakage, a bright line artifact, seen in ZBD TV. Through our simulation, we demonstrate that Corning's precise cutting tolerance (± 0.1 mm) and bottom cut edge finishing of GDP leads to light leakage reduction (~40%). In addition, we investigated the impact of GDP size control and thickness, and GDP‐optical film lamination geometry on the edge light leakage.
51‐3: 65‐in. Splicing Screen Adapted to a Wide Temperature Range and High Brightness
Authors: Wang Xipeng , Zhang Wei , Huang Yinhu , Lim Byung Cheon , Wang Zhangtao , Shao Xibin
Published: June 2022

In this presentation, a TFT‐LCD capable of 2xn splicing is described in detail. The frame of this 65‐inch 4K TFT‐LCD is only 0.9mm, and it can operate normally under hard light and high temperature. After it is spliced into a large screen, the splicing seam is almost invisible at normal viewing distance.
53‐3: Worldwide First Real Border‐less and High Resolution Micro‐LED Display
Authors: Kang Tin , Ke Tsung-Ying , Huang Zih-Shuo , Hsieh Kun-Long , Lin Yu-Ling , Chen Fu-Jung , Li Yi-Shao , Chen Wei-Chih , Hsieh Chia-Ting , Wang Hsiu-Hua , Liu Chan-Jui , Lin Wei-Ting , Cheng Chun-Cheng , Lai Yen-Huei , Wang Wan-Tsang , Lin Yu-Chieh
Published: June 2022

A flexible PI‐less micro‐LED display, 228 PPI, has been achieved by transferring the display devices from rigid glass to plastic. By forming this micro‐LED display on a mold with round edge and lowering the edge radius to 100um, a more cubic waterfall display is realized.
54‐2: A Measurement‐Based Image Compositing for 3D Head‐Up‐Display
Authors: Sato Akinori , Hayashishita Ayuki , Kusafuka Kaoru
Published: June 2022

We propose a process to compose stereoscopic images based on measured values in an automotive 3D Head‐Up‐Display (3D HUD) equipped with parallax barrier and eye‐tracking camera. The information required for compositing is measured using an RGB camera and linked to the camera (eye) position coordinates. And the measurement is performed at dozens of camera locations. Then by approximating the information with a polynomial with the camera position and LCD pixel coordinates as a variable, the information required for image composition is generated at any camera (eye) position. This calibrates the effects of variations and distortions in the mounting of windshields and eye tracking cameras, and realizes optimal low crosstalk 3D image rendering for any eye position in real time.
54‐4: Distinguished Student Paper: Low‐Diffraction Transparent μLED Displays with Optimized Pixel Structure
Authors: Yang Qian , Yang Zhiyong , Lan Yi-Fen , Wu Shin-Tson
Published: June 2022

A semi‐analytical model is built based on diffraction theory and human angular resolution to quantitatively evaluate the diffraction effect of transparent displays, including micro‐LED and OLED. By optimizing the pixel structures within a 2×2‐pixel size region, the relative diffraction intensity is reduced by 42% at the 50% aperture ratio regardless ofpixel density.
56‐1: Novel Optical Structure of OLED Panel for Immersive and Seamless VR
Authors: Bae Kwang Soo , Oh Minjeong , Kim Gun Hee , Cho Sang Hwan , Jo Sung-Chan
Published: June 2022

For high luminance intensity and uniform to implement highly immersive and seamless virtual reality (VR), we have designed the innovating optical structure on an ultra‐high ppi OLED and verified the superior optical performance of it. Our OLCP (optical light control patterns) structure could concentrate the emission energy into the useful cone angle, and enhance the luminance intensity of light which inputs into the lens optical system. Besides, by the slight scattering effect of sloped metal thin layer on the structure, luminance uniformity could be remarkably advanced. We could demonstrate that the output luminance intensity was increased by 80% compare with the conventional VR display with the same resolution, and the uniformity was also improved by 40% compare with the previous structure using by differences of the refractive index. Clearly, it can be expected that the reported structure will be a significant breakthrough for overcoming the limited obstacles to disturb the realization of an amazing immersive VR display
56‐2: A Distraction‐free Display System using Embedded Asynchronous Time Warp
Authors: Hong Wook , Park Sanghyun , Kim Hokwon , Lee Joon Goo
Published: June 2022

We propose a distraction‐free display system and present display controller design to realize the system. The designed controller utilized embedded asynchronous time warp (ATW) for dynamic view change in accordance with a user's head motion. Proposed design can be used for lightweight information displays to provide better user experience as an affordable solution even without application processor‐centric designs.
57‐4: Invited Paper: Progress on Key Innovations in Direct‐View μLED Display Manufacturing
Authors: Zhu Mingwei , Ng Hou T , Ganapathiappan Sivapackia , Li Zhiyong , Visser Robert , Patibandla Nag
Published: June 2022

Applied Materials reported earlier on an innovative approach to μLED‐based front plane technology using a single wavelength GaN LED emitter with Cd‐free quantum dots for color conversion. This proprietary μLED front plane technology incorporates several key innovations such as the use of high external quantum efficiency dice in ultraviolet wavelength spectrum (vs. red/green/blue), highest photon extraction efficiency at small die‐size, fewer number of mass transfer steps with high yield, and a four‐subpixel backplane architecture to allow for a simple, cost‐effective repair strategy. A picture of this display is shown below.
58‐1: Invited Paper: LC Dynamic Glazing — The Window Becomes a Pixel and the Fagade a Giant Display
Authors: Grund Michael , Glipa Céline , Osterodt Jens , Michiels Peter-Paul
Published: June 2022

Future ways of living require healthy spaces, where people are able to unfold their whole potential. LC Dynamic Glazing serves as an interface between different spaces and adapts smartly to environment and the needs of occupants. As an integral part of smart buildings, it brings display technology to a new scale.
58‐3: Switchable Liquid‐Crystal Phase Grating with Rainbow‐Free Hazy States
Authors: Lin Chin-An , Tien Kun-Cheng , Liao Chien-Huang
Published: June 2022

Novel flower‐shaped liquid crystal grating design was proposed to get a transparent display with the rainbow‐free hazy state. In transparent state, it exhibits 81.23 % of transmittance. In hazy state, it displays 74.6% of haze with crossed flower‐shaped liquid crystal grating. When the LC grating is used as a mirror display, the SCE of the mirror display are 0.012% and 32.43% in mirror and hazy state with a contrast of 2702.5.
60‐1: Distinguished Paper: An Electrophoretic E‐Paper Device with Stretchable, Washable, and Rewritable Functions
Authors: Qiu Zhiguang , Zhu Simu , Lu Hao , Gu Yifan , Wu Ziyi , Zhang Gaofan , Yang Boru
Published: June 2022

A self‐cracking structure is introduced to construct a stretchable electrophoretic e‐paper display device. Instead of the conventional sandwich structure, the proposed device directly forms electrodes upon the display layer without laminating an extra layer. This structure avoids layer‐to‐layer mismatch under the long‐term loading cycles and exhibits high stretchability and robustness. A prototype is demonstrated to simultaneously have stretchable, washable, and re‐writable features, which provides a new paradigm for future wearable electronics.
62‐2: Ultra‐flat, Low‐density, and High‐refractive‐index Glass Wafers for Augmented Reality: Weight Reduction as Key Enabler for Consumer Devices
Authors: Bachhuber Frederik , Sprengard Ruediger , Jotz Matthias , Ottermann Clemens , Weidlich Stefan , Schreder Bianca , Deneke Lenka , Claussen Olaf , Lu Zhengyang , Wang Alex , Wan Congshan
Published: June 2022

Planar high‐refractive‐index glass wafers are the backbone of leading Augmented and Mixed Reality devices. They route the virtual image to the user's eye, while helping to keep the form factor small. While the glass characteristics directly affect fundamental design parameters such as field of view, the optical system of the wafer with its interfaces as a whole determines the image quality. Here we report on latest achievements both on the glass and on the wafer level that allow for significant weight reduction without sacrificing optical performance. Based on a state‐of‐the‐ art two layer device with a refractive index of 1.9, an overall weight reduction >20% is feasible. This creates a basis to drive AR devices from niche applications toward more widespread commercial adoption.
62‐4: Investigation of the Influence of Film Stress on Glass Strength
Authors: Hu Wencheng , Zhu Zhengwei , Wang Sheng , Lee SeungKyu , Wang Man , Ni Jianwei
Published: June 2022

In order to improve the strength of TFT glass, especially the surface strength of array side, we have studied the failure mechanism and influence factors of glass strength in this paper. The relationship between film stress and glass strength is proposed for the first time. By optimizing the parameters of array process and introducing negative (compressive) stress into passivation (PVX) layer, the surface strength of TFT glass could be increased substantially, and the degree of COG Mura can also be improved. Finally, a high‐performance and high‐strength TFT glass could be obtained.
63‐2: Research on Stray Light Affecting the Imaging of Fresnel Lens in Virtual Reality Equipment
Authors: Haitao Huang , Ruijun Dong , Na Han , Jiarong Bai , Yulong Wu , Ke Li , Chenru Wang , Zhanshan Ma , Lili Chen , hao Zhang
Published: June 2022

We have verified the main influencing factors of Fresnel lens stray light through experiments and simulations. According to the results, the main causes of stray light are analyzed, and several methods to suppress stay light are put forward. The edges of the Fresnel lens are the biggest influencing factor of stray light is proposed.
64‐1: Local Dimming Technology of Scene‐Adaptation for Massive Mini‐LED
Authors: Ma Xitong , Zhang Shuguo , Duan Ran , Wu Congrui , Wang Xian , Geng Lihua , Li Tao
Published: June 2022

Mini‐LED Backlight Units can reduce the light mixing distance and the number of backlight blocks, making the monitors lighter and thinner, achieving higher contrast and better effects. As a leading company in the panel display industry, BOE has been developing Mini‐LED technology since 2016, and has developed 65', 75', and 86' smart commercial display monitors based on Mini‐LED technology.This paper verifies the Local Dimming technology with multiple partitions using FPGA, it's safe to say that it obtains a finer light distribution and less halo effect, which will strongly support MiniLED display products in the future.
64‐4: Student Paper: MiniLED Driving Circuit with Power‐Saving Mechanism for Use in LCD Backlight Module
Authors: Chen Sung-Chun , Lin Chieh-An , Lu Cheng-Rui , Wu Chia-En , Peng Jia-Tian , Lin Chih-Lung
Published: June 2022

This work presents a Mini‐LED driving circuit with for backlight unit of liquid crystal display. Simulation results indicate that the emission current error rates are all below 9.9% to ensure the capability of the proposed circuit to improve the image quality of displays.
65‐1: Deep Learning‐Enabled Image Content Adaptive Driving Algorithm for Field Sequential Color LCDs with Mini‐LED Backlight
Authors: Zou Guowei , Wang Zeyu , Yang Wenchao , Yang Bo-Ru , Qin Zong
Published: June 2022

We propose a driving algorithm for field sequential color (FSC) LCDs with a mini‐LED backlight. The algorithm adapts to image content through deep learning‐based image classification performed in each image segment, ensuring minimized color breakup in all segments. The mini‐LED FSC‐LCD having low color breakup for arbitrary images well satisfies applications needing high resolution and low power consumption.
65‐3: Invited Paper: Deep Learning‐Based Image Enhancement for HDR Imaging
Authors: Park Ye-In , Song Jou Won , Kang Suk-Ju
Published: June 2022

High dynamic range (HDR) techniques have received significant attention in generating realistic, high‐quality images and videos and improving visual quality in new display systems. We have witnessed remarkable advances in HDR reconstruction using deep learning technologies in recent years. This review examines recent developments in HDR reconstruction using a deep learning approach, which takes a single low dynamic range (LDR) image as an input and aims to restore an HDR image featuring higher color gamut and a higher detail retention than the LDR image. We aim to provide a comprehensive survey in this field. Since there are numerous HDR algorithms, it is necessary to evaluate and organize theirperformance, therefore, we evaluate them using two objective evaluation metrics.
65‐4: Foveated Super Resolution Network for Virtual Reality Head‐Mounted Displays
Authors: Nam Hyoungsik , Kang Hangyeol , Cho Hyeonseong
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we propose a foveated super resolution (SR) algorithm to create high resolution images from low resolution inputs for virtual reality head mounted displays. The proposed SR algorithm integrated in the foveation‐based driving technology covers the small area around the foveation point that requires high rendering quality, substantially reducing the overall computational complexity. We employ cropping as well as progressive and recursive framework and reduce the number of neurons by placing the deconvolutional layer after convolutional layers.
65‐5: AI Based Simulation and Design Space Exploration for Pixel Layout
Authors: Jeong Keuk Jin , Lim Myunghun , Kang Min , Lee Yougwoo , Kim Yongjo
Published: June 2022

Typical properties of the display backplane and CF are image quality such as brightness, uniformity, crosstalk, response time, and gamut. A global optimal design that satisfies these properties must search all design spaces. This paper proposes a simulation and design space exploration through an AI‐based solution. Numerous layouts are generated through AI based layout generator, and the properties are checked through Fast Simulator, which has been accelerated by replacing physics simulation with AI. Humans can check 10 designs per week, and AI can check over 1000 designs per hour. AI overpowers humans in search range, optimal path, predictive power and speed. In all design spaces, optimal results are being applied to the new QD display product development process.
66‐2: Invited Paper: Delayed Fluorescence from Energetically Inverted Singlet and Triplet Excited States for Efficient Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Aizawa Naoya , Miyajima Daigo , Pu Yong-Jin
Published: June 2022

Hund's multiplicity rule states that for a given electronic configuration, a higher spin state has a lower energy. This energetic ordering demands thermal activation of ‘dark’ triplet excited states to ‘bright’ singlet excited states to emit delayed fluorescence. Here we report an organic molecule that exhibit delayed fluorescence from energetically inverted singlet and triplet excited states.
66‐4: Understanding the Electron Injection/Transport Mechanism in OLEDs by Using a Superbase as Electron Injection Layer
Authors: Sasaki Tsubasa , Oono Taku , Okada Takuya , Hasegawa Munehiro , Morii Katsuyuki , Shimizu Takahisa , Fukagawa Hirohiko
Published: June 2022

We have found that the work function of aluminum can be reduced to about 2.0 eV by using a superbase as an electron injection layer. This extremely low work function enabled us to gain a complete understanding of the electron injection/transport mechanism in OLEDs.
67‐2: Invited Paper: Organic Thin‐Film Transistor Flexible Hybrid Integration for Low‐power Ubiquitous Sensor Systems
Authors: Guo Xiaojun , Ouyang Bang , Song Yawen , Han Lei , Deng Li'ang
Published: June 2022

This paper firstly introduces a flexible hybrid integration (FHI) architecture based on organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs) for ubiquitous sensor systems, followed by description of the low power OTFT technologies. Then, progresses on sensor integration based on the OTFTs for FHI are discussed, proving the versatility of the technology.
67‐4: Research on Design and Lamination of 180° Curly CG
Authors: Yang Yang , Pang Mengyuan , Chen Liqiang , Zhou Weifeng , Wang Dawei
Published: June 2022

OLED display occupies a dominant position in the smartphone market, and how to improve the screen share is an important pursuit of major terminals. On the other hand, because the display needs to reserve windows for front light sensing devices, the integrity of the display is difficult to achieve. Considering the flexible advantages of OLED display, this paper designs a 180 ° surround Cover Glass (CG) that cancels the front light sensing device and improves the proportion of mobile phone display area and screen, and studies some technical problems of 180 ° surround CG bonding with the display, including bonding process selection, bonding trajectory optimization and film material selection and design.
68‐4: A Text Legibility Improvement Method for OLED Devices
Authors: Song Hyunkyung , Kato Takeshi , Lee Wonbok , Park Hyesang , Park Jongwoong
Published: June 2022

Lots of technologies have been proposed to improve the visibility of text on displays. In particular, Microsoft's ClearType [1][21 technology which is well‐known to improve the horizontal resolution by controlling the grayscale of R, G, and B sub‐pixels individually. Though this technology is a standard especially in Windows OS, it is widely known to be the best way to improve the font quality regardless of OS type. However, based upon our review and experiment, this technology is effective to RGB stripe type structures such as LCDs but its effectiveness is quite low in S‐Stripe type structures such as OLEDs. In this paper, we conduct a research and propose the best way that can improve the legibility of text processed with ClearType based upon our subjective evaluation in OLEDs.
71‐1:Invited Paper:GaN‐Based Watt‐Class High‐Power Edge‐Emitting Lasers and Milliwatt‐Class Vertical‐Cavity Surface‐Emitting Lasers
Authors: Ozaki Takuya , Okahisa Eiichiro , Masui Shingo , Yanamoto Tomoya , Nagahama Shin-ichi
Published: June 2022

The latest achievements of GaN‐based laser diodes are summarized, focused on two topics: watt‐class high‐power edge‐emitting lasers and milliwatt‐class vertical‐cavity surface‐emitting lasers. These light sources have high efficiency and high reliability, which are suitable for various display applications such as laser projectors and/or ARIVR displays.
71‐4: Laser Phosphor Light Source using Compound Reflectors for Projection Display
Authors: Li Kenneth , Chang Y.P , Chen Andy , Tsai Stark , Wang Lion
Published: June 2022

A compound reflector made up of two ellipsoidal reflectors is used to transfer the emission from the laser excited focal spot on the phosphor plate to another location in space without change in etendue and with minimum loss. This allows the excitation optics to be separated from the collection optics so that they could be designed with more flexibility and higher efficiency. These also allow the generation of sequential RGB output with the addition of white (W), i.e. RGBW, which is not possible using traditional optics.
72‐1: In‐Line Mura Detection using Convolutional Neural Network in Display Manufacturing
Authors: Tomita Satoru , Siritanawan Prarinya , Kotani Kazunori
Published: June 2022

This paper discusses the automatic detection of mura, which has been a long‐standing challenge in the display industries. Using a dataset of 8000 images of OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) displays including four different types of mura, we found that a CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) having four or five sets of convolution and max‐pooling layers can detect mura with the accuracy more than 0.8. To improve detection of low contrast mura, we employed a contrast‐enhancement method and a subspace‐method, and the CNN accuracy improved to 0.868, close to the human visible test. Furthermore, the implementation of an automatic in‐line mura‐detection system using the proposed model is also discussed.
72‐2: A Proposal for Image‐Compression Algorithm for Display Test Images
Authors: Tang Hao , Liu Jiakun , Xu Gang
Published: June 2022

A generative image compression algorithm is applied to display test images to reduce the need for storage spaces. The preliminary result showed better preservation of image details at roughly equal compression rate.
72‐4: Invited Paper: Synthetic Defect Generation for Display Front‐of‐Screen Quality Inspection: A Survey
Authors: Mou Shancong , Cao Meng , Hong Zhendong , Huang Ping , Shan Jiulong , Shi Jianjun
Published: June 2022

Display front‐of‐screen (FOS) quality inspection is essential for the mass production of displays in the manufacturing process. However, the severe imbalanced data, especially the limited number of defective samples, has been a long‐standing problem that hinders the successful application of deep learning algorithms. Synthetic defect data generation can help address this issue. This paper reviews the state‐of‐the‐art synthetic data generation methods and the evaluation metrics that can potentially be applied to display FOS quality inspection tasks.
73‐2: Invited Paper: High‐Efficiency Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on Purely Organic Emitters
Authors: Peng Xiaomei , Su Shi-Jian
Published: June 2022

Horizontal dipole orientation of light‐emitting materials has a significant effect on the optical out‐coupling efficiency of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). This paper will present the molecular design of planar or linear‐shaped donor‐acceptor type purely organic light‐emitting materials towards high horizontal dipole orientation of the light emitters. In addition, host‐guest engineering is also investigated to induce further improved horizontal dipole ratio. Besides, owing to the tuned exciton dynamics like fast radiative rate, suppressed non‐radiation and short exciton lifetime, highly efficient monochromatic and white OLEDs are achieved.
73‐4: Novel Materials and Structures for High Efficiency and Long Lifetime Green Phosphorescent OLEDs in Automotive Applications
Authors: Youn Soojung , Jeong Hyein , Yang Jungjin
Published: June 2022

A long lifetime and high efficiency organic light emitting diode (OLED) was developed with optimization of each organic materials. We improved the operational lifetimes of the green photphorescent OLEDs based on the balance beween hole and electron inside the emission layer (EML) affects the lifetime of OLEDs. The operational lifetimes become long with increasing the density of hole carrier in the EML. For that purpose, we fabricated with using the new electron blocking layer (EBL) and hole blocking layer (MBL) and optimized the thickness of EML. The lifetimes of the green phosphorescent OLEDs developed in this study were achieved over −2.6 times better lifetimes at room temperature than that of reference device. Finally, this green phosphorescent OLEDs are fabricated for mass production of automotive application.
P‐2: Nitrogen Behaviors in PEALD‐Grown SiO2 Films Using N2O Plasma Reactant and Its Application in ALD‐IZO TFTs
Authors: Kim Dong-Gyu , Yoo Kwang Su , Kim Hye-Mi , Park Jin-Seong
Published: June 2022

We studied nitrogen (N) behaviors in plasma‐enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD)‐grown silicon dioxide (SiO2) using nitrous oxide (N2O) plasma reactant. The gradually improved breakdown phenomenon is attributed to N contents. However, although increase in the N contents, excess plasma power is degraded electrical characteristics. For applications of the SiO2 films using N2O plasma reactant, we fabricated indium‐zinc oxide top‐gate thin film transistors with SiO2 gate insulator (G.I). The stable both transfer characteristics and instability results are originated from decrease in oxygen vacancy in active layer by N2O plasma treatment during the G.I deposition.
P‐3: High Temperature Annealing Behavior of IGZO Using Plasma Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Kim Yoon-Seo , Jeong Hyun-Jun , Jeong Seok-Goo , Park Jin-Seong
Published: June 2022

In this study, highly oriented crystalline indium‐gallium‐zinc oxide (IGZO) thin films and its thin film transistors (TFTs) were fabricated using plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD). The high temperature (400‐700oC) annealing behavior of IGZO manufactured using PEALD was confirmed. As the temperature increases, the crystallization becomes highly oriented in the c‐axis direction. However, due to the occurrence of dehydrogenation, the electrical performances and reliability of the device are gradually degraded. If the process of highly ordered IGZO thin film with moderate hydrogen content is secured, it is possible to manufacture oxide TFTs with excellent electrical performances.
P‐13: Student Poster: Comprehensive Study of the TFTs Fabricated in the (100)‐Oriented Grain‐Boundary‐Free Silicon Thin Film Obtained by Green CW‐Laser ateral Crystallization
Authors: Takayama Satoshi , Sasaki Nobuo , Uraoka Yukiharu
Published: June 2022

The improvement of the crystallinity of low‐temperature polysilicon (LTPS) will always lead the improvement of the performance of all kinds of displays and flexible electronics. In this paper, we investigate comprehensively the characteristics of TFTs fabricated by the Grain‐Boundary‐Free continuous‐wave laser lateral crystallizations (GB‐Free CLC) and we propose how to selectively fabricate TFTs to the laser scan for the channel regions, S/D wiring regions and contact regions..
P‐19: Performance Development of Oxide Semiconductor Photodiode with High Work Function Electrode Suitable for Mass Production
Authors: Gu Pengfei , Huang Jie , Li Feifei , Huang Rui , Lu Yuhang , Xie Dini , Sun Hongda , Ning Ce , Yuan Guangcai
Published: June 2022

IGZO as the typical representative of oxide semiconductor used for TFT devices, has been widely used in display panel foundary, such as large size OLED, LTPO technology direction. To develop oxide based photodetector (sensor), not only can expand the application direction of oxide semiconductor material, moreover the oxide photodetector integrated with oxide TFT is more convenient. We developed several oxide based vertical MSM photodiode with schottky junction, the IGZO MSM can respond to ultra violet(UV), while new oxide material S1 and S2 can response to blue light. In order to form a schottky junction, metal electrodes materials should have high work function, thus we developed a high work function electrode suitable for mass production, and of witch work function is ~4.7eV. In addition, in order to gain the characteristics of diode, the ACT film need be deposited in high oxygen process to prevent form ohm contact. Assisted by TCAD simulation, we researched how to control the oxide schottky junction, including schottky junction, barrier tunneling, to instruct the material selection and electrical properties of control.
P‐21: Student Poster: Indium‐Gallium‐Zinc Oxide Thin‐Film Transistors for High‐Resolution Active‐Matrix Ferroelectric Liquid‐Crystal Displays
Authors: Wang Sisi , Sun Zhibo , Xia Zhihe , Yuan Zhengnan , Lu Lei , Srivastava Abhishek Kumar , Kwok Hoi Sing , Wong Man
Published: June 2022

Realization of a near‐eye, liquid‐crystal (LC) display with resolution density > 2000 pixels per inch (PPI) is desired but places great demands on the choices of the LC and the thin‐film transistor (TFT) backplane technology. Presently investigated is the requirement placed on the allowable leakage current in the off‐state of a scan transistor in an active‐matrix LC display. With the resolution boosted by the elimination of the storage capacitor, an even more stringent limit is placed on the leakage current. It is concluded that a backplane technology based on metal‐oxide TFTs offering inherently low leakage current enables the construction of a higher‐resolution display. As a demonstration, a 500 PPI display based on deformed‐helix ferroelectric LC and indium‐gallium‐zinc oxide TFTs has been fabricated and characterized.
P‐26: Student Poster: AMOLED Pixel Circuit Compensating for Stretching and I‐R Drop
Authors: Lee Hyuck Su , Lee Jong Mo , Woo Jae Geun , Kang Seo Jin , Yu Eun Seong , Bae Byung Seong
Published: June 2022

AMOLED pixel circuit was proposed to compensate for reduced luminance by both the stretching and IR drop on power line. In addition, the proposed circuit keeps compensation function for both the positive and negative shift. The proposed circuit was verified by the simulation for the negative shift of threshold voltages, IR drop at power bus line and the stretching induced luminance change.