bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of professional interpreters on outcomes of hospitalized children from migrant and refugee families with low English proficiency: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Boylen Susan , Wilson Sally , Gill Fenella , Cherian Sarah , Dantas Jaya A.R.
Published: November 2019

Review question/objective:

The overall objective is to identify, critically appraise and synthesize evidence on the impact of professional interpreters on outcomes for hospitalized children (aged 0–18 years) from migrant and refugee families with low English proficiency.

More specifically, does the intervention of the use of a professional interpreter for migrant and refugee families with low English proficiency impact on:

Children's hospital length of stay, unplanned readmission rates and non-attendance rates at clinic appointments?

Child and/or parent satisfaction with care in hospital?

Adherence to treatment, medication errors and adverse events relating to the child in hospital?
Output Error Methods for Robot Identification
Authors: Brunot Mathieu , Janot Alexandre , Carrillo Francisco , Cheong Joono , Noël Jean-Philippe
Published: November 2019

Industrial robot identification is usually based on the inverse dynamic identification model (IDIM) that comes from Newton's laws and has the advantage of being linear with respect to the parameters. Building the IDIM from the measurement signals allows the use of linear regression techniques like the least-squares (LS) or the instrumental variable (IV) for instance. Nonetheless, this involves a careful preprocessing to deal with sensor noise. An alternative in system identification is to consider an output error approach where the model's parameters are iteratively tuned in order to match the simulated model's output and the measured system's output. This paper proposes an extensive comparison of three different output error approaches in the context of robot identification. One of the main outcomes of this work is to show that choosing the input torque as target identification signal instead of the output position may lead to a gain in robustness versus modeling errors and noise and in computational time. Theoretical developments are illustrated on a six degrees-of-freedom rigid robot.
Dynamics of Solitary Predation by Myxococcus xanthus on Escherichia coli Observed at the Single-Cell Level
Authors: Zhang Wenchao , Wang Yan , Lu Huining , Liu Qin , Wang Chuandong , Hu Wei , Zhao Kun
Published: November 2019

Bacterial predation plays multiple essential roles in bacterial selection and mortality within microbial ecosystems. In addition to its ecological and evolutionary importance, many potential applications of bacterial predation have been proposed. The myxobacterium
Myxococcus xanthus
is a well-known predatory member of the soil microbial community. Its predation is commonly considered a collective behavior comparable to a wolf pack attack; however, individual
M. xanthus
cells are also able to competently lead to the lysis of a prey cell. Using a bacterial tracking technique, we are able to observe and analyze solitary predation by
M. xanthus
on
Escherichia coli
at the single-cell level and reveal the dynamics of both predator and prey during the process. The present study will not only provide a comprehensive understanding of
M. xanthus
solitary predation but also help to explain why
M. xanthus
often displays multicellular characteristic predatory behaviors in nature, while a single cell is capable of predation.
Laboratory Diagnosis of Human Brucellosis
Authors: Yagupsky Pablo , Morata Pilar , Colmenero Juan D.
Published: November 2019

The clinical presentation of brucellosis in humans is variable and unspecific, and thus, laboratory corroboration of the diagnosis is essential for the patient’s proper treatment. The diagnosis of brucellar infections can be made by culture, serological tests, and nucleic acid amplification assays.
Clinical and Analytical Performance of the BD Onclarity HPV Assay with SurePath Screening Samples from the Danish Cervical Screening Program Using the VALGENT Framework
Authors: Bonde Jesper Hansen , Pedersen Helle , Quint Wim , Xu Lan , Arbyn Marc , Ejegod Ditte Møller
Published: November 2019

The
Val
idation of HPV
Gen
otyping
T
ests (VALGENT) framework is an international cooperation designed to evaluate human papillomavirus (HPV) assays with genotyping capabilities.
Activation of RNase L in Egyptian Rousette Bat-Derived RoNi/7 Cells Is Dependent Primarily on OAS3 and Independent of MAVS Signaling
Authors: Li Yize , Dong Beihua , Wei Zuzhang , Silverman Robert H. , Weiss Susan R.
Published: November 2019

Many RNA viruses that are highly pathogenic in humans are relatively apathogenic in their bat reservoirs, making it important to compare innate immune responses in bats to those well characterized in humans. One such antiviral response is the OAS-RNase L pathway. OASs, upon sensing dsRNA, produce 2-5A, leading to activation of RNase L which degrades viral and host RNA, limiting viral replication. Analysis of Egyptian Rousette bat sequences revealed three OAS genes expressing OAS1, OAS2, and OAS3 proteins. Interferon treatment or viral infection induces all three bat OAS mRNAs. In these bat cells as in human cells, RNase L activation and its antiviral activity are dependent primarily on OAS3 while MAVS signaling is not required. Importantly, our findings indicate the OAS-RNase L system is a primary response to virus rather than a secondary effect of interferon signaling and therefore can be activated early in infection or while interferon signaling is antagonized.
Transcriptomic Signatures Predict Regulators of Drug Synergy and Clinical Regimen Efficacy against Tuberculosis
Authors: Ma Shuyi , Jaipalli Suraj , Larkins-Ford Jonah , Lohmiller Jenny , Aldridge Bree B. , Sherman David R. , Chandrasekaran Sriram
Published: November 2019

Multidrug combination therapy is an important strategy for treating tuberculosis, the world’s deadliest bacterial infection. Long treatment durations and growing rates of drug resistance have created an urgent need for new approaches to prioritize effective drug regimens. Hence, we developed a computational model called INDIGO-MTB that identifies synergistic drug regimens from an immense set of possible drug combinations using the pathogen response transcriptome elicited by individual drugs. Although the underlying input data for INDIGO-MTB was generated under
in vitro
broth culture conditions, the predictions from INDIGO-MTB correlated significantly with
in vivo
drug regimen efficacy from clinical trials. INDIGO-MTB also identified the transcription factor Rv1353c as a regulator of multiple drug interaction outcomes, which could be targeted for rationally enhancing drug synergy.
Loss of
O
-Linked Protein Glycosylation in Burkholderia cenocepacia Impairs Biofilm Formation and Siderophore Activity and Alters Transcriptional Regulators
Authors: Oppy Cameron C. , Jebeli Leila , Kuba Miku , Oates Clare V. , Strugnell Richard , Edgington-Mitchell Laura E. , Valvano Miguel A. , Hartland Elizabeth L. , Newton Hayley J. , Scott Nichollas E.
Published: November 2019

Protein glycosylation is increasingly recognized as a common posttranslational protein modification in bacterial species. Despite this commonality, our understanding of the role of most glycosylation systems in bacterial physiology and pathogenesis is incomplete. In this work, we investigated the effect of the disruption of
O
-linked glycosylation in the opportunistic pathogen
Burkholderia cenocepacia
using a combination of proteomic, molecular, and phenotypic assays. We find that in contrast to recent findings on the
N
-linked glycosylation systems of
Campylobacter jejuni
,
O
-linked glycosylation does not appear to play a role in proteome stabilization of most glycoproteins. Our results reveal that loss of glycosylation in
B. cenocepacia
strains leads to global proteome and transcriptional changes, including the repression of the quorum-sensing regulator
cepR
(
BCAM1868
) gene. These alterations lead to dramatic phenotypic changes in glycosylation-null strains, which are paralleled by both global proteomic and transcriptional alterations, which do not appear to directly result from the loss of glycosylation per se. This research unravels the pleiotropic effects of
O
-linked glycosylation in
B. cenocepacia
, demonstrating that its loss does not simply affect the stability of the glycoproteome, but also interferes with transcription and the broader proteome.
ТИПЫ ГИНЕЦЕЯ ПОКРЫТОСЕМЕННЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ: ТЕРМИНОЛОГИЯ И ПРОБЛЕМЫ ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИИ, "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: ШАМРОВ И.И.
Published: November 2019

При описании морфогенеза гинецея необходимо учитывать следующие базовые характеристики: 1) основным элементом гинецея является такой вариант, на базе которого формируется плод, подобный листовке; 2) морфологической базой сутуральной плацентации является U-образная плацента, включающая центральную плаценту в основании плодолистика и латеральные плаценты в области объединения его вентральных краев; 3) организация гинецея изменяется в ходе морфогенеза и его строение перед опылением создается на неодинаковой основе и за счет разных механизмов (смыкание, слипание, срастание). На основании базовых характеристик с учетом специфики морфогенеза и наличия структурной зональности (организация пельтатного плодолистика) типизацию сформированного гинецея следует проводить согласно теории кондупликатного плодолистика. Эту систему понятий целесообразно сохранить, поскольку она положена в основу многих современных классификаций плодов. Обсуждаются вопросы плацентации, эволюции гинецея и проблемы его интерпретации.
СООТНОШЕНИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ ДЛИНЫ ШИШЕК И ФОРМЫ СЕМЕННЫХ ЧЕШУЙ В ПОПУЛЯЦИЯХ PICEA ABIES И P. OBOVATA (PINACEAE), "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: ПОПОВ П.П.
Published: November 2019

Изучена внутрипопуляционная корреляция показателей длины шишек и формы семенных чешуи у ели европейской и ели сибирской в разных районах их сплошного ареала. Оказалось, что, вопреки сложившимся представлениям, связи между ними практически нет.
УЛЬТРАСТРУКТУРА КЛЕТОК LOBOCHLAMYS CULLEUS (CHLAMYDOMONADACEAE, CHLOROPHYTA), "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: БОЛДИНА О.Н.
Published: November 2019

Приведено описание тонкой структуры клеток 5 штаммов Lobochlamys culleus (Chlorophyta). Выявлены отличительные признаки вида. Изученные штаммы имеют сходное строение клеток.
РЕЛИКТОВЫЕ ФРАГМЕНТЫ ЛЕСОСТЕПИ В ЗАУРАЛЬЕ, "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: КНЯЗЕВ М.С. , ЗОЛОТАРЁВА Н.В. , ПОДГАЕВСКАЯ Е.Н.
Published: November 2019

Приводятся данные о распространении облигатных и некоторых факультативных петрофитных видов на 30 скальных обнажениях в долинах рек Среднего Зауралья. Обсуждается вероятное время и происхождение реликтовых участков степных сообществ.
ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ РАЗМЕРОВ И УДЕЛЬНОЙ ПОВЕРХНОСТНОЙ ПЛОТНОСТИ ЛИСТЬЕВ У ДЕРЕВЬЕВ ВДОЛЬ ЗОНАЛЬНО-КЛИМАТИЧЕСКОЙ ТРАНСЕКТЫ УРАЛА, "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: МИГАЛИНА С.В.
Published: November 2019

Определяли площадь, толщину и удельную поверхностную плотность листьев в природных популяциях Pinus sylvestris, P. sibirica, Picea obovata , Abies sibirica, Larix sibirica, Betula pendula, B. pubescens вдоль зонально-климатической трансекты Урала общей протяженностью около 1000 км. Найдены закономерные изменения изученных признаков в зависимости от географического положения популяций. В климатическом градиенте виды имели различные направления изменения площади, толщины и удельной поверхностной плотности листа. Сделан вывод о многообразии путей структурных перестроек листьев, обеспечивающих поддержание углеродного баланса при изменении условий среды.
НАХОДКИ РЕДКИХ ВИДОВ СОСУДИСТЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ В ЧЕЛЯБИНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ, "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: МЕРКЕР В.В.
Published: November 2019

Приведены сведения о новых местонахождениях 23 редких видов Челябинской обл., 4 вида — Koeleria transvolgensis, K.kulikovii, Betula obscura и Picea fennica — впервые указаны для Челябинской обл.
НОВЫЙ В УЗБЕКИСТАНЕ АДВЕНТИВНЫЙ ВИД BIDENS FRONDOSA (ASTERACEAE), "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: МАЛЬЦЕВ И.И.
Published: November 2019

Приводятся данные о нахождении нового адвентивного вида Bidens frondosa L. в Узбекистане, его распространении и доминировании на территории республики. Даны основные отличительные признаки генеративной сферы от близкого вида — Bidens tripartita L.
НАХОЖДЕНИЕ ААПА-БОЛОТ В АРХАНГЕЛЬСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ, "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: СМАГИН В.А. , НОСКОВА М.Г. , ДЕНИСЕНКОВ В.П.
Published: November 2019

Летом 2012 г. в ходе исследований Болотного экспедиционного отряда БИН РАН были обнаружены аапа-болота, находящиеся на самом юге Архангельской обл. вблизи северного берега оз. Воже. Они располагаются посреди массивов верховых болот, в местах интенсивного стока. Находясь на южном пределе своего распространения, аапа-болота имеют региональную специфику в составе произрастающих на них растительных сообществ и служат местообитанием редких видов.
О РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИИ ГИНОДИЭЦИИ У ЦВЕТКОВЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ, "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: ГОДИН В.Н. , ДЕМЬЯНОВА Е.И.
Published: November 2019

На основании литературных данных и собственных наблюдений составлен новый список гинодиэцичных растений, включающий в себя 1126 видов из 89 семейств покрытосеменных мировой флоры. Анализируются особенности распространения гинодиэции (женской двудомности) среди цветковых растений. В настоящее время у двудольных растений гинодиэция обнаружена у представителей 77 семейств, 278 родов и 1044 видов, а у однодольных — у 12 семейств, 25 родов и 82 видов. Гинодиэция ассоциируется главным образом с многолетними травами, умеренным климатом, энтомофильным опылением.
ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ И ФИТОЦЕНОТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ BATRACHIUM CIRCINATUM, B. TRICHOPHYLLUM И B. KAUFFMANNII (RANUNCULACEAE), "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: БОБРОВ А.А. , МОВЕРГОЗ Е.А.
Published: November 2019

На основании обзора литературных данных и оригинальных исследований для 3 наиболее распространенных в России видов шелковников, или водяных лютиков ( Batrachium circinatum, B. trichophyllum и B. kauffmannii (Ranunculaceae)) охарактеризованы экология, фитоценология, роль в экосистемах (данные по продуктивности и др.). Виды имеют достаточно широкую экологическую амплитуду, но с оптимумами для каждого вида. Преобладает вегетативное размножение и распространение за счет фрагментов побегов. В некоторых местообитаниях эти виды доминируют или содоминируют в сообществах, являются заметными элементами растительного покрова и активными первичными продуцентами. Часто выступают пионерами зарастания, плохо выдерживают конкуренцию с более мощными макрофитами.
О КОНЦЕПЦИИ РОДА CYCLOSTEPHANOS (BACILLARIOPHYTA), "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: ГЕНКАЛ С.И.
Published: November 2019

На основе анализа литературных и собственных данных по морфологии панциря видов Cyclostephanos и Stephanodiscus в качестве основного дифференциального признака между этими родами предлагается считать наличие камер-альвеол в краевой зоне. Приводятся уточненные диагнозы этих родов.
НОВЫЙ ВИД РОДА CORYDALIS (FUMARIACEAE) ИЗ УЗБЕКИСТАНА, "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: МИХАЙЛОВА М.А.
Published: November 2019

При критической обработке гербарного материала по роду Corydalis из Средней Азии, хранящегося в гербариях С.-Петербурга LE, Москвы MW, MNA, Душанбе TAD;, Ташкента TASH, TAK, Киргизии FPU, были описаны новые таксоны Михайлова, 1981, 1982, 2009, 2011. Неясным оставалось систематическое положение растений из долины р. Сангардак. Полноценный материал из этой долины, подтвердивший необходимость описания нового вида, удалось собрать только летом 2013 г. московскому энтомологу А.В. Сочивко.
THYMUS HYEMALIS (LAMIACEAE) - НОВЫЙ ВИД ДЛЯ ФЛОРЫ АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНА, "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: ИБАДУЛЛАЕВА С.Д. , АЛЕКПЕРОВ Р.А. , ГАСЫМОВ Г.З.
Published: November 2019

При проведении флористических, геоботанических и этноботанических исследований в окрестностях сел. Мазра, Унус, Келеки-Ордубадского, сел. Нагаджир, Гойнук Джульфинского, сел. Кюлюс, Агбулаг Шахбузского, сел. Асны и Карабаглар-Кенгерлинского районов Нахичеванской AP Азербайджана впервые найден вид Thymus hyemalis Lange ( Lamiaceae Martynov).
РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ВИДОВОГО СОСТАВА РАСТЕНИЙ В ЕСТЕСТВЕННЫХ И АНТРОПОГЕННЫХ МЕСТООБИТАНИЯХ Г. ЕКАТЕРИНБУРГА, "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: ТРЕТЬЯКОВА А.С.
Published: November 2019

Показано, что общий вектор преобразования флоры на урбанизированных территориях выражается в сокращении индигенных видов, увеличении доли апофитных и адвентивных. В растительных сообществах естественных местообитаний встречается более 75 % видов урбанофлоры Екатеринбурга - 709 видов. Среди них преобладают аборигенные виды (87 %), а адвентивные виды играют второстепенную роль. В составе растительных группировок антропогенных местообитаний насчитывается 613 видов, среди них заметно сокращается число аборигенных видов (49 %) и соответственно увеличивается число адвентивных: 51 против 13 % в естественных местообитаниях. Растительные сообщества естественных местообитаний сохраняют соответствующее их ценотическому статусу своеобразие флористического состава, а для растительных группировок антропогенных местообитаний характерна низкая флористическая специфичность.
Case of acute hepatic injury and elevated ethanol levels in a non-alcoholic adult
Authors: Albano Jeri , Patarroyo - Aponte Gabriel Dario , Mahmood Ejaz
Published: November 2019

Blood ethanol concentration is measured using different techniques. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry is used in forensic laboratories to measure whole blood ethanol levels while enzyme immunoassay is often used in hospitals to measure serum or plasma ethanol levels. Lactic acidosis can theoretically cause false elevation of blood ethanol levels measured through enzymatic assay because this method measures the reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide- hydrogen (NADH) via the action of a dehydrogenase. Here, we present a rare incidence of ethanol level elevation in a non-alcoholic adult male secondary to lactic acidosis from a rare form of large B-cell lymphoma with infiltration of the liver.
Marginal zone lymphoma causing accelerated progression of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Samarasinghe Amali , Wong Daniel , Cull Gavin , Chakera Aron
Published: November 2019

A 75-year-old man with stage IV chronic kidney disease due to type 2 diabetes mellitus, presented with increasing proteinuria and rapidly declining renal function despite excellent glycaemic control. Investigations organised to assess his suitability for renal transplantation included an abdominal CT scan, which revealed extensive intra-abdominal lymphadenopathy. A17fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography scan to further characterise the lymphadenopathy demonstrated activity in the lymph nodes, as well as both kidneys. Following a lymph node biopsy and flow cytometry he was diagnosed with a marginal zone lymphoma. A subsequent kidney biopsy confirmed lymphomatous infiltration of the kidney. Marginal zone lymphoma is an uncommon type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and renal involvement is rare. This case highlights the importance of considering alternative diagnoses when there is deviation from the expected clinical trajectory and the importance of liaising with colleagues in other disciplines to enable an accurate diagnosis to be made.
Challenges in diagnosis of primary progressive aphasia
Authors: Clarke Ellen C , Bonakdarpour Borna
Published: November 2019

Two 68-year-old men presented to the behavioral neurology clinic with memory complaints. The clinical picture was complicated by bilingualism and psychiatric comorbidities. Based on a combination of cognitive and language testing, 5-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, both cases were initially diagnosed as having mild cognitive impairment (MCI). At follow-up, however, both cases’ language profiles and neuroimaging had evolved to clearly indicate primary progressive aphasia (PPA) as the underlying condition rather than MCI. These cases underscore the importance of careful observation of clinical and neuroimaging data over time to reach an accurate diagnosis.
Pulmonary carcinoid presenting with persistent pneumothorax
Authors: Santiago-Naranjo Kristina Camila , Ilaiwy Amro
Published: November 2019

Lung neuroendocrine tumours (Lung NETs) are a rare group of pulmonary neoplasms often characterised by insidious clinical behaviour. Lung NET account for ~1%–2% of all lung malignancies in adults and 30% of all NETs. Incidence ranges from 0.2 to 2/100 000 population per year. While some patients may be asymptomatic, others may present with obstructive symptoms due to mass effect. Incidence of spontaneous pneumothorax as a complication of lung neoplasms is rare (0.05%–1.4% of all pneumothoraces). In this report, we present a case of recurrent pneumothorax due to Lung NET that was refractory to conservative management. We also discuss the diagnostic methods as well as surgical management approach, which is considered the treatment of choice in such tumours.
‘It was a ravage!’: lived experiences of epidemic cholera in rural Haiti
Authors: Guillaume Yodeline , Raymond Max , Jerome Gregory J , Ternier Ralph , Ivers Louise C
Published: November 2019

Introduction

A cholera epidemic began in Haiti over 8 years ago, prompting numerous, largely quantitative research studies. Assessments of local ‘knowledge, attitudes and practices’ relevant for cholera control have relied primarily on cross-sectional surveys. The voices of affected Haitians have rarely been elevated in the scientific literature on the topic.

Methods

We undertook focus groups with stakeholders in the Artibonite region of Haiti in 2011, as part of planning for a public health intervention to control cholera at the height of the epidemic. In this study, we coded and analysed themes from 55 community members in five focus groups, focusing on local experiences of cholera and responses to the prevention messages.

Results

The majority of participants had a personal experience with cholera and described its spread in militaristic terms, as a disease that ‘attacked’ individuals, ‘ravaged’ communities and induced fear. Pre-existing structural deficiencies were identified as increasing the risk of illness and death. Knowledge of public health messages coincided with some improvements in water treatment and handwashing, but not changes in open defecation in their community, and was sometimes associated with self-blame or shame. Most participants cited constrained resources, and a minority listed individual neglect, for inconsistent or unimproved practices.

Conclusion

The experience of epidemic cholera in a rural Haitian community at the beginning of a major outbreak included a high burden and was exacerbated by poverty, which increased risk while hindering practice of known prevention messages. To interrupt cholera transmission, public health education must be paired with investments in structural improvements that expand access to prevention and healthcare services.
Supporting Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services to deliver alcohol care: protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Harrison Kristie H , Lee KS Kylie , Dobbins Timothy , Wilson Scott , Hayman Noel , Ivers Rowena , Haber Paul S , Conigrave James H , Johnson David , Hummerston Beth , Gray Dennis , Conigrave Katherine
Published: November 2019

Introduction

Indigenous peoples who have experienced colonisation or oppression can have a higher prevalence of alcohol-related harms. In Australia, Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services (ACCHSs) offer culturally accessible care to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Indigenous) peoples. However there are many competing health, socioeconomic and cultural client needs.

Methods and analysis

A randomised cluster wait-control trial will test the effectiveness of a model of tailored and collaborative support for ACCHSs in increasing use of alcohol screening (with Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C)) and of treatment provision (brief intervention, counselling or relapse prevention medicines).

Setting

Twenty-two ACCHSs across Australia.

Randomisation

Services will be stratified by remoteness, then randomised into two groups. Half receive support soon after the trial starts (intervention or ‘early support’); half receive support 2 years later (wait-control or ‘late support’).

The support

Core support elements will be tailored to local needs and include: support to nominate two staff as champions for increasing alcohol care; a national training workshop and bimonthly teleconferences for service champions to share knowledge; onsite training, and bimonthly feedback on routinely collected data on screening and treatment provision.

Outcomes and analysis

Primary outcome is use of screening using AUDIT-C as routinely recorded on practice software. Secondary outcomes are recording of brief intervention, counselling, relapse prevention medicines; and blood pressure, gamma glutamyltransferase and HbA1c. Multi-level logistic regression will be used to test the effectiveness of support.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval has been obtained from eight ethics committees: the Aboriginal Health and Medical Research Council of New South Wales (1217/16); Central Australian Human Research Ethics Committee (CA-17-2842); Northern Territory Department of Health and Menzies School of Health Research (2017-2737); Central Queensland Hospital and Health Service (17/QCQ/9); Far North Queensland (17/QCH/45-1143); Aboriginal Health Research Ethics Committee, South Australia (04-16-694); St Vincent’s Hospital (Melbourne) Human Research Ethics Committee (LRR 036/17); and Western Australian Aboriginal Health Ethics Committee (779).

Trial registration number

ACTRN12618001892202; Pre-results.
Rapid increase of gonorrhoea cases in Guangdong Province, China, 2014–2017: a review of surveillance data
Authors: Wang Cheng , Tang Weiming , Zhao Peizhen , Tucker Joseph , Chen Lei , Smith M Kumi , Wong Ngai Sze , Dong Willa , Yang Bin , Zheng Heping
Published: November 2019

Objectives

An increased trend in the number of reported gonorrhoea cases has been observed between 2014 and 2017 in China. This study aims to describe the reported epidemic of gonorrhoea and potential driving forces in Guangdong Province, China.

Design

A review of surveillance data.

Participants

Three different sources of data from Guangdong Province were analysed: gonorrhoea cases reported to the Chinese sexually transmitted infections (STI) case report system (CRS); a clinic-based retrospective study conducted to collect information on annual gonorrhoea screening coverage and data from the Guangdong governmental sentinel surveillance network (SSN) to examine the gonorrhoea prevalence among males attending STI clinics.

Outcome measures

Reported incidence of gonorrhoea, number of reported gonorrhoea cases, number of screening tests for gonorrhoea and gonorrhoea prevalence.

Results

The STI CRS data showed that the reported incidence of gonorrhoea has increased rapidly from 15.7 cases per 100 000 population in 2014 to 27.3 cases per 100 000 in 2017 in Guangdong (p<0.001). Regions with a reported incidence of gonorrhoea cases of more than 10 cases per 100 000 expanded from 7 cities in 2014 to 13 cities in 2017. The SSN data showed that the gonorrhoea prevalence among males attending STI clinics increased from 2.7% in 2015 to 3.6% in 2017 (p=0.14). The retrospective study showed that the increased rate of screening for gonorrhoea between 2014 and 2017 was 35.0%, which was much lower than the increased rate of the number of reported gonorrhoea cases (123.3%).

Conclusions

The number of gonococcal infections is rapidly rising in Guangdong, China. Expanded screening coverage, use of more sensitive diagnostics and increase of gonorrhoea prevalence are three potential contributors to the epidemic. Additional targeted intervention strategies are necessary in the future to control the epidemic.
Can physical testing be used to distinguish between migraine and cervicogenic headache sufferers? A protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Anarte Ernesto , Ferreira Carvalho Gabriela , Schwarz Annika , Luedtke Kerstin , Falla Deborah
Published: November 2019

Introduction

Differential diagnosis of migraine and cervicogenic headache (CGH) can be challenging given the large overlap of symptoms, commonly leading to misdiagnosis and ineffective treatment. In order to strengthen the differential diagnosis of headache, previous studies have evaluated the utility of physical tests to examine for musculoskeletal impairment, mainly in the cervical spine, which could be provoking or triggering headache. However, no systematic review has attempted to evaluate whether physical tests can differentiate CGH from migraine or both conditions from asymptomatic subjects.

Methods/analysis

A systematic review protocol has been designed and is reported in line with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P). A sensitive topic-based search strategy is planned which will include databases, hand searching of key journals and consultation of relevant leading authors in this field. Terms and keywords will be selected after discussion and agreement. Two independent reviewers will perform the search and select studies according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, including any cohort or observational studies evaluating the topic of this review; a third reviewer will confirm accuracy. A narrative synthesis will be developed for all included studies and, if possible, a meta-analysis will be conducted. The overall quality of the evidence will be assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) checklist for diagnostic accuracy studies and the Downs and Black scale for those studies where the QUADAS-2 checklist cannot be applied.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval is not required since no patient information will be collected. The results will provide a deeper understanding about the possibility of using physical tests to differentiate cervicogenic headache from migraine and from asymptomatic subjects, which has direct relevance for clinicians managing people with headache. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at scientific conferences.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42019135269.
Study protocol for the assessment of nurses internal contamination by antineoplastic drugs in hospital centres: a cross-sectional multicentre descriptive study
Authors: Villa Antoine , Molimard Mathieu , Bignon Emmanuelle , Martinez Béatrice , Rouyer Magali , Mathoulin-Pelissier Simone , Baldi Isabelle , Verdun-Esquer Catherine , Canal-Raffin Mireille
Published: November 2019

Introduction

Antineoplastic drugs (AD) are potentially carcinogenic and/or reprotoxic molecules. Healthcare professionals are increasingly exposed to these drugs and can be potentially contaminated by them. Internal contamination of professionals is a key concern for occupational physicians in the assessment and management of occupational risks in healthcare settings. Objectives of this study are to report AD internal contamination rate in nursing staff and to identify factors associated with internal contamination.

Methods and analysis

This trial will be conducted in two French hospital centres: University Hospital of Bordeaux and IUCT-Oncopole of Toulouse. The target population is nurses practicing in one of the fifteen selected care departments where at least one of the five studied AD is handled (5-fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, ifosfamide, methotrexate). The trial will be conducted with the following steps: (1) development of analytical methods to quantify AD urine biomarkers, (2) study of the workplace and organization around AD in each care department (transport and handling, professional practices, personal and collective protection equipments available) (3) development of a self-questionnaire detailing professional activities during the day of inclusion, (4) nurses inclusion (urine samples and self-questionnaire collection), (5) urine assays, (6) data analysis.

Ethics and dissemination

The study protocol has been approved by the French Advisory Committee on the Treatment of Information in Health Research (CCTIRS) and by the French Data Protection Authority (CNIL). Following the opinion of the Regional Committee for the Protection of Persons, this study is outside the scope of the provisions governing biomedical research and routine care (n°2014/87). The results will be submitted to peer-reviewed journals and reported at suitable national and international meetings.

Trial registration number

NCT03137641.
Study protocol for a prospective cohort study to investigate Hemodynamic Adaptation to Pregnancy and Placenta-related Outcome: the HAPPO study
Authors: Bijl Rianne C , Cornette Jérôme M J , van den Bosch Annemien E , Duvekot Johannes J , Molinger Jeroen , Willemsen Sten P , Koning Anton H J , Roos-Hesselink Jolien W , Franx Arie , Steegers-Theunissen Régine P M , Koster Maria P H
Published: November 2019

Introduction

The importance of cardiovascular health in relation to pregnancy outcome is increasingly acknowledged. Women who develop certain pregnancy complications, in particular preeclampsia, are at higher risk for future cardiovascular disease. Independent of its outcome, pregnancy requires a substantial adaptive response of the maternal cardiovascular system. In the Hemodynamic Adaptation to Pregnancy and Placenta-related Outcome (HAPPO) study, we aim to examine longitudinal maternal haemodynamic adaptation to pregnancy from the preconception period onwards. We hypothesise that women who will develop adverse pregnancy outcomes have impaired cardiovascular health before conception, leading to haemodynamic maladaptation to pregnancy and diminished uteroplacental vascular development.

Methods and analysis

In this prospective cohort study embedded in the Rotterdam periconception cohort, 200 women with a history of placenta-related pregnancy complications (high-risk group) and 100 women with an uncomplicated obstetric history (low-risk group) will be included. At five moments (preconception, first, second and third trimester and postdelivery), women will undergo an extensive examination of the macrocirculatory and microcirculatory system and uteroplacental vascular development. The main outcome measures are differences in maternal haemodynamic adaptation to pregnancy between women with and without placenta-related pregnancy complications. In a multivariate linear mixed model, the relationship between maternal haemodynamic adaptive parameters, (utero)placental vascularisation indices and clinical outcomes (occurrence of pregnancy complications, embryonic and fetal growth trajectories, miscarriage rate, gestational age at delivery, birth weight) will be studied. Subgroup analysis will be performed to study baseline and trajectory differences between high-risk and low-risk women, independent of subsequent pregnancy outcome.

Ethics and dissemination

This study protocol was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (MEC 2018–150). Results will be disseminated to the medical community by publications in peer-reviewed journals and presentations at scientific congresses. Also, patient associations will be informed and the public will be informed by dissemination through (social) media.

Trial registration number

NL7394 (www.trialregister.nl)
Psychosocial effects of whole-body MRI screening in adult high-risk pathogenicTP53mutation carriers: a case-controlled study (SIGNIFY)
Authors: Bancroft Elizabeth K , Saya Sibel , Brown Emma , Thomas Sarah , Taylor Natalie , Rothwell Jeanette , Pope Jennifer , Chamberlain Anthony , Page Elizabeth , Benafif Sarah , Hanson Helen , Dias Alexander , Mikropoulos Christos , Izatt Louise , Side Lucy , Walker Lisa , Donaldson Alan , Cook Jackie A , Barwell Julian , Wiles Vicki , Limb Lauren , Eccles Diana M , Leach Martin O , Shanley Susan , Gilbert Fiona J , Gallagher David , Rajashanker Balashanmugam , Whitehouse Richard W , Koh Dow-Mu , Sohaib S Aslam , Evans D Gareth , Eeles Rosalind A , Walker Leslie G
Published: November 2019

Background

GermlineTP53gene pathogenic variants (pv) cause a very high lifetime risk of developing cancer, almost 100% for women and 75% for men. In the UK, annual MRI breast screening is recommended for femaleTP53pv carriers. The SIGNIFY study (Magnetic Resonance Imaging screening in Li Fraumeni syndrome: An exploratory whole body MRI) study reported outcomes of whole-body MRI (WB-MRI) in a cohort of 44TP53pv carriers and 44 matched population controls. The results supported the use of a baseline WB-MRI screen in all adultTP53pv carriers. Here we report the acceptability of WB-MRI screening and effects on psychosocial functioning and health-related quality of life in the short and medium terms.

Methods

Psychosocial and other assessments were carried out at study enrolment, immediately before MRI, before and after MRI results, and at 12, 26 and 52 weeks’ follow-up.

Results

WB-MRI was found to be acceptable with high levels of satisfaction and low levels of psychological morbidity throughout. Although their mean levels of cancer worry were not high, carriers had significantly more cancer worry at most time-points than controls. They also reported significantly more clinically significant intrusive and avoidant thoughts about cancer than controls at all time-points. There were no clinically significant adverse psychosocial outcomes in either carriers with a history of cancer or in those requiring further investigations.

Conclusion

WB-MRI screening can be implemented inTP53pv carriers without adverse psychosocial outcomes in the short and medium terms. A previous cancer diagnosis may predict a better psychosocial outcome. Some carriers seriously underestimate their risk of cancer. Carriers of pv should have access to a clinician to help them develop adaptive strategies to cope with cancer-related concerns and respond to clinically significant depression and/or anxiety.
Patients’ and public views and attitudes towards the sharing of health data for research: a narrative review of the empirical evidence
Authors: Kalkman Shona , van Delden Johannes , Banerjee Amitava , Tyl Benoît , Mostert Menno , van Thiel Ghislaine
Published: November 2019

Introduction

International sharing of health data opens the door to the study of the so-called ‘Big Data’, which holds great promise for improving patient-centred care. Failure of recent data sharing initiatives indicates an urgent need to invest in societal trust in researchers and institutions. Key to an informed understanding of such a ‘social license’ is identifying the views patients and the public may hold with regard to data sharing for health research.

Methods

We performed a narrative review of the empirical evidence addressing patients’ and public views and attitudes towards the use of health data for research purposes. The literature databases PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched in April 2019 to identify relevant publications. Patients’ and public attitudes were extracted from selected references and thematically categorised.

Results

Twenty-seven papers were included for review, including both qualitative and quantitative studies and systematic reviews. Results suggest widespread—though conditional—support among patients and the public for data sharing for health research. Despite the fact that participants recognise actual or potential benefits of data research, they expressed concerns about breaches of confidentiality and potential abuses of the data. Studies showed agreement on the following conditions: value, privacy, risk minimisation, data security, transparency, control, information, trust, responsibility and accountability.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that a social license for data-intensive health research cannot simply be presumed. To strengthen the social license, identified conditions ought to be operationalised in a governance framework that incorporates the diverse patient and public values, needs and interests.
Optimal weighting in species habitat modeling: a case study from Ommastrephes bartramii in the Northwest Pacific Ocean
Authors: Wang Jintao , Boenish Robert , Chen Xinjun
Published: November 2019

The weighting of environmental variables in habitat modelling is important, especially for species with a poorly understood distribution. Traditional weighting schemes, such as arithmetic or geometric mean, often cause “gradient” habitat distribution patterns. We develop a new methodology that determines optimal variable weighting via a structured sensitivity analysis approach. This method considers the full spectrum of weighting combinations and uses multiple model selection criteria to select the best fit. We use a Northwest Pacific neon flying squid (Ommastrephes bartramii) fishery dataset (1998–2012) to compare our best performance habitat suitability index (BEST-HIS) with the traditional fixed methods, as well as to the more recent machine learning approach: boosted regression tree. Approaches were evaluated based on differences in habitat metrics, such as continuity, magnitude, and ratio of estimated unfavourable/favourable habitat. The BEST-HSI model generally outperformed the other three methods, though habitat metrics notably differed depending on weighting schemes used. The BEST-HSI approach is an efficient exploratory tool to investigate empirical relationships between organism presence and the environment, particularly for species with little known life history or migration information.
Detection of canine parvovirus types 2b and 2c in canine faecal samples contaminating urban thoroughfares in Brazil
Authors: Gogone Izabel Carolina Vargas Pinto , de Barros Flavia Regina Oliveira , Possatti Flavia , Alfieri Amauri Alcindo , Takiuchi Elisabete
Published: November 2019

Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is a highly contagious virus that causes acute gastroenteritis in dogs all over the world. Because of its stability in the environment, CPV-2 can remain infective for a long time, especially if protected in organic matter. To demonstrate CPV-2’s potential as an environmental hazard for nonimmunized susceptible hosts, we investigated 50 faecal samples collected from public areas in a municipality of Paraná state, Brazil. Seven samples tested positive for CPV by a PCR assay targeting the partial VP2 gene, with three strains being confirmed as CPV-2b variant and one as CPV-2c variant by sequence analysis. These findings were supported by phylogenetic analysis, and the species identity of faecal samples source was confirmed by canine mitochondrial DNA amplification and sequencing. Our results demonstrate the presence of CPV in canine faeces contaminating urban thoroughfares and reinforce the importance of environmental control to reduce the potential exposure risks to susceptible hosts.
Evaluating UAV-based techniques to census an urban-nesting gull population on Canada’s Pacific coast
Authors: Blight Louise K. , Bertram Douglas F. , Kroc Edward
Published: November 2019

The use of unmanned aerial vehicles, or drones, in wildlife monitoring has increased in recent years, particularly in hard-to-access habitats. We used fixed-wing and quadcopter drones to census an urban-nesting population of Glaucous-winged Gulls in Victoria, Canada. We conducted our study over 2 years and asked whether (i) drones represent a suitable survey method for rooftop-nesting gulls in our study region; and (ii) Victoria’s urban gull population had increased since the last survey >30 years earlier. Using orthomosaic imagery derived from drone overflights, we estimated at least a threefold increase over the 1986 count reported for the entire city (from 114 to 346 pairs), and an approximate tenfold increase in the number of gulls nesting in the downtown core. Drones proved to be an excellent platform from which to census rooftop-nesting birds: occupied nests were readily discernible in our digital imagery, and incubating birds were undisturbed by drones. This lack of disturbance may be due to Victoria’s location in an aerodrome; gulls experience dozens of floatplane and helicopter flights per day and are likely habituated to air traffic. Glaucous-winged Gulls have declined considerably at their natural island colonies in the region since the 1980s. Our results indicate that although urban roofs provide replacement nesting habitat for this species, local gull populations have not simply relocated en masse from islands to rooftops in the region.
Minimal dirac neutrino mass models from $$\hbox {U}(1)_{\mathrm{R}}$$ gauge symmetry and left–right asymmetry at colliders
Authors: Jana Sudip , Vishnu P. K. , Saad Shaikh
Published: November 2019

In this work, we propose minimal realizations for generating Dirac neutrino masses in the context of a right-handed abelian gauge extension of the Standard Model. Utilizing only $$U(1)_R$$U(1)R symmetry, we address and analyze the possibilities of Dirac neutrino mass generation via (a) tree-level seesaw and (b) radiative correction at the one-loop level. One of the presented radiative models implements the attractive scotogenic model that links neutrino mass with Dark Matter (DM), where the stability of the DM is guaranteed from a residual discrete symmetry emerging from $$U(1)_R$$U(1)R. Since only the right-handed fermions carry non-zero charges under the $$U(1)_R$$U(1)R, this framework leads to sizable and distinctive Left–Right asymmetry as well as Forward–Backward asymmetry discriminating from $$U(1)_{B-L}$$U(1)B-L models and can be tested at the colliders. We analyze the current experimental bounds and present the discovery reach limits for the new heavy gauge boson $$Z^{\prime }$$Z′ at the LHC and ILC. Furthermore, we also study the associated charged lepton flavor violating processes, dark matter phenomenology and cosmological constraints of these models.
Characteristic of Mayer Waves in Electrophysiological, Hemodynamic and Vascular Signals
Authors: Blinowska K. J. , Lachert P. , Zygierewicz J. , Janusek D. , Sawosz P. , Kacprzak M. , Liebert A.
Published: November 2019

We evaluated the properties of oscillations in the Mayer waves (MW) frequency range ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]Hz) detected in blood pressure, heart rate variability, cerebral blood oxygenation changes and evolution of electroencephalographic (EEG) rhythms to elucidate the mechanisms of MW generation. We examined the persistence of MW in different signals and stability of their oscillations on the level of individual MW waveforms, which was achieved by applying matching pursuit (MP). MP yields adaptive time-frequency approximation of signal’s structures in terms of frequency, amplitude, time occurrence, and time-span. The number of waveforms contributing to 95% of the energy of the signals was vastly different for the time series, but the average number of waveforms conforming to the MW criteria was almost the same ([Formula: see text] per 120[Formula: see text]s epoch). In all the investigated signals, MW had the same distributions of frequency and the number of cycles. We show that the MW energy ratios in different signals varied strongly, [Formula: see text]. The highest percentage of MW energy was observed in blood pressure signals, heart rate variability, and reduced hemoglobin, in contrast to brain signals and oxygenated hemoglobin. The percentage of MW energy was related to the strength of causal influence exerted by them on the other signals. Our results indicate existence of a common mechanism of MW generation and support the hypothesis of MW generation in the baroreflex loop; however, they do not exclude the action of a central pacemaker.