bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Features optimization selection in hidden layers of deep learning based on graph clustering
Authors: Gao Hefei , Yuan Yifei , Wang Wei
Published: August 2023

As it is widely known, big data can comprehensively describe the inherent laws governing various phenomena. However, the effective and efficient analysis of available data has become a major challenge in the fields of artificial intelligence, machine learning, data mining, and others. Deep learning, with its powerful learning ability and effective data-processing methods, has been extensively researched and applied in numerous academic domains. Nevertheless, the data obtained during the deep learning process often exhibits feature homogenization, resulting in highly redundant features in the hidden layers, which, in turn, affects the learning process. Therefore, this paper proposes an algorithm based on graph clustering to optimize the features of hidden layer units, with the aim of eliminating redundancy and improving learner generation.
Neural effects of deep brain stimulation on reward and loss anticipation and food viewing in anorexia nervosa: a pilot study
Authors: Oudijn M. S. , Linders J. T. W. , Lok A. , Schuurman P. R. , van den Munckhof P. , van Elburg A. A. , van Wingen G. A. , Mocking R. J. T. , Denys D.
Published: August 2023

Background

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe and life-threatening psychiatric disorder. Initial studies on deep brain stimulation (DBS) in severe, treatment-refractory AN have shown clinical effects. However, the working mechanisms of DBS in AN remain largely unknown. Here, we used a task-based functional MRI approach to understand the pathophysiology of AN.

Methods

We performed functional MRI on four AN patients that participated in a pilot study on the efficacy, safety, and functional effects of DBS targeted at the ventral limb of the capsula interna (vALIC). The patients and six gender-matched healthy controls (HC) were investigated at three different time points. We used an adapted version of the monetary incentive delay task to probe generic reward processing in patients and controls, and a food-specific task in patients only.

Results

At baseline, no significant differences for reward anticipation were found between AN and HC. Significant group (AN and HC) by time (pre- and post-DBS) interactions were found in the right precuneus, right putamen, right ventral and medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC). No significant interactions were found in the food viewing task, neither between the conditions high-calorie and low-calorie food images nor between the different time points. This could possibly be due to the small sample size and the lack of a control group.

Conclusion

The results showed a difference in the response of reward-related brain areas post-DBS. This supports the hypotheses that the reward circuitry is involved in the pathogenesis of AN and that DBS affects responsivity of reward-related brain areas.

Trial registration Registered in the Netherlands Trial Register (https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/3322): NL3322 (NTR3469).
Governance of artificial intelligence applications in a business audit via a fusion fuzzy multiple rule-based decision-making model
Authors: Hu Kuang-Hua , Chen Fu-Hsiang , Hsu Ming-Fu , Tzeng Gwo-Hshiung
Published: August 2023

A broad range of companies around the world has welcomed artificial intelligence (AI) technology in daily practices because it provides decision-makers with comprehensive and intuitive messages about their operations and assists them in formulating appropriate strategies without any hysteresis. This research identifies the essential components of AI applications under an internal audit framework and provides an appropriate direction of strategies, which relate to setting up a priority on alternatives with multiple dimensions/criteria involvement that need to further consider the interconnected and intertwined relationships among them so as to reach a suitable judgment. To obtain this goal and inspired by a model ensemble, we introduce an innovative fuzzy multiple rule-based decision making framework that integrates soft computing, fuzzy set theory, and a multi-attribute decision making algorithm. The results display that the order of priority in improvement—(A) AI application strategy, (B) AI governance, (D) the human factor, and (C) data infrastructure and data quality—is based on the magnitude of their impact. This dynamically enhances the implementation of an AI-driven internal audit framework as well as responds to the strong rise of the big data environment.
Creation of a theoretically rooted workbook to support implementers in the practice of knowledge translation
Authors: Fahim Christine , Courvoisier Melissa , Somani Nadia , De Matas Fatiah , Straus Sharon E.
Published: August 2023

Background

Few training opportunities or resources for non-expert implementers focus on the “practice” as opposed to the “science” of knowledge translation (KT). As a guide for novice implementers, we present an open-access, fillable workbook combining KT theories, models, and frameworks (TMFs) that are commonly used to support the implementation of evidence-based practices. We describe the process of creating and operationalizing our workbook.

Methods

Our team has supported more than 1000 KT projects and 300 teams globally to implement evidence-based interventions. Our stakeholders have consistently highlighted their need for guidance on how to operationalize various KT TMFs to support novice implementers in “practising” KT. In direct response to these requests, we created a pragmatic, fillable KT workbook. The workbook was designed by KT scientists and experts in the fields of adult education, graphic design, and usability and was piloted with novice implementers. It is rooted in an integrated KT approach and applies an intersectionality lens, which prompts implementers to consider user needs in the design of implementation efforts.

Results

The workbook is framed according to the knowledge-to-action model and operationalizes each stage of the model using appropriate theories or frameworks. This approach removes guesswork in selecting appropriate TMFs to support implementation efforts. Implementers are prompted to complete fillable worksheets that are informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework, the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, the Behaviour Change Wheel, the Effective Practice and Organization of Care framework, Proctor’s operationalization framework, the Durlak and DuPre process indicators, and the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework. As they complete the worksheets, users are guided to apply theoretically rooted approaches in planning the implementation and evaluation of their evidence-based practice.

Conclusions

This workbook aims to support non-expert implementers to use KT TMFs to select and operationalize implementation strategies to facilitate the implementation of evidence-based practices. It provides an accessible option for novice implementers who wish to use KT methods to guide their work.
A new nuclear magnetic resonance-based permeability model based on two pore structure characterization methods for complex pore structure rocks: Permeability assessment in Nanpu Sag, China
Authors: Xie Weibiao , Yin Qiuli , Wu Lifeng , Yang Fan , Zhao Jianbin , Wang Guiwen
Published: August 2023

The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) estimate of permeability is a fundamental method that has numerous applications in reservoir engineering and petrophysics. To improve the accuracy of the NMR-based permeability model, many variables are introduced into NMR-based permeability prediction models due to geometric complexity and pore structure heterogeneity. In this paper, two pore structure characterization methods are investigated based on the Kozeny-Carman model and equivalent component model. Furthermore, an NMR-based permeability model accounting for the effect of pore structure is developed based on the analysis of the relationship between two pore structure parameters, and it is applied to practically predict permeability. Results indicate that the new model-calculated permeability has good agreement with experimental data; moreover, the adaptability of the new NMR-based permeability prediction model is highly improved through reducing undetermined variables, and key parameters can be measured directly using NMR. The new model provides a valuable scientific resource and assists in the evaluation of hydrocarbon-bearing reservoirs with complex pore structure, such as tight sandstone, shale, and carbonate rock.
Tirzepatide in Hispanic/Latino Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Subgroup Analysis of the SURPASS Program
Authors: Frías Juan Pablo , Galindo Rodolfo J , Wang Hui , Malik Raleigh E , Chivukula K Karthik , Maldonado Juan M
Published: August 2023

Context

Efficacy and safety of tirzepatide, a once-weekly glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, have been studied in patients with type 2 diabetes in the global phase 3 SURPASS program.

Objective

This work aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of tirzepatide in Hispanic/Latino and non-Hispanic/Latino patients in SURPASS-1 to -4 clinical trials.

Methods

A total of 5679 patients were included, 2895 of self-reported Hispanic/Latino ethnicity, in this exploratory analysis of SURPASS-1 to -4 trial data. Interventions included tirzepatide 5, 10, or 15 mg, placebo, or active comparator (semaglutide 1 mg, insulin degludec, and insulin glargine). Change in glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and body weight from baseline to week 40 (SURPASS-1 and -2) and to week 52 (SURPASS-3 and -4), and other efficacy and safety outcomes were evaluated within Hispanic/Latino and non-Hispanic/Latino subgroups.

Results

Among Hispanic/Latino and non-Hispanic/Latino patients treated with tirzepatide, respectively, HbA1c decreased significantly from baseline, ranging from 1.9% to 2.7% and 1.7% to 2.5%, and body weight decreased significantly from baseline, ranging from 5.3 kg to 12.4 and 6.5 kg to 17.1 kg (both P < .05) vs comparators across all trials. Subgroup trends were consistent with the overall trial populations. Treatment-emergent adverse events were reported in similar proportions across the subgroups and were primarily gastrointestinal disorders. The incidence of hypoglycemia was low.

Conclusion

Tirzepatide significatively reduced HbA1c and body weight in Hispanic/Latino and non-Hispanic/Latino patients. Tirzepatide was generally well tolerated in both subgroups. Efficacy and safety trends were comparable between subgroups and within the overall trial populations.
The Economic Assimilation of Second-Generation Men: An Analysis of Earnings Trajectories Using Administrative Records
Authors: Villarreal Andrés , Tamborini Christopher R.
Published: August 2023

Previous research on the economic assimilation of recent U.S.-born children of immigrants who form the new second generation has disproportionately focused on their educational attainment and other early-life outcomes. In this study, we examine the earnings trajectories of second-generation men through a large part of their adult lives using a unique dataset that links respondents from more than two decades of the Current Population Survey to their longitudinal tax records. This longitudinal information allows us to compare the progress second-generation men of different race and ethnicity make in narrowing the earnings gaps with later generations. We consider the extent to which differences in educational attainment and in early occupational placement affect the earnings trajectories of second-generation men. New second-generation men as a whole experience considerable earnings mobility during their lifetimes. However, we also find large differences by race and ethnicity that cannot be fully explained by educational attainment. Second-generation Hispanic men in particular begin their careers with an earnings deficit relative to later-generation White men and fall further behind. Thus, the stalling or reversal in Hispanic economic assimilation appears to begin during the course of the second generation rather than in later generations as previously thought.
Cervical and Lumbar Disk Replacement in Athletes: Is It Safe to Return to Play? A Systematic Review of the Scientific Literature and Lay Press
Authors: Jo Jacob , Davidar A. Daniel , Hersh Andrew M. , Theodore Nicholas , Zuckerman Scott L.
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Cervical/lumbar total disk replacements (TDRs) are often performed for degenerative conditions but rarely in athletes. Therefore, we sought to conduct a systematic review of athletes undergoing TDRs of both the scientific literature and lay press, with an emphasis on contact sport athletes.

METHODS:

In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines, PubMed/Embase/Cochrane/Scopus/Web of Science databases were queried for all primary literature reporting TDRs in athletes, including both cervical/lumbar disk replacements (CDRs/LDRs). Sports were dichotomized into contact vs limited/noncontact. Because of the public nature of injuries in elite athletes, the lay press was also queried.

RESULTS:

A total of 488 scientific studies were screened, of which 10 met inclusion criteria. Cervical: seven studies reported CDRs in 53 athletes, of which 7 were professional, 22 semiprofessional, and 24 recreational. Of the seven professional athletes, there was one contact sport athlete (kickboxer). All 7/7 professional and 21/22 semiprofessional athletes successfully returned-to-play at 8-52 weeks without complication. Lumbar: Three studies discussed LDRs in 51 athletes, of which 17 were professional, 6 semiprofessional, and 28 recreational. Of the 17 professional athletes, eight played contact sports (2 boxing, 2 alpine skiing, 2 soccer, judo, rugby). All 17 professional and 6 semiprofessional athletes successfully returned to play at 9–21 weeks. Lay Press: five professional contact sport athletes underwent CDRs, and all returned to play: 3 hockey, 1 mixed-martial arts, and 1 Australian-rules football.

CONCLUSION:

The scientific literature and lay press revealed 14 professional contact sport athletes who underwent TDR—6 CDRs and 8 LDRs—all with successful return to play. From the little data that exist, it seems that TDR may be safe in elite athletes; however, the small number of patients highlights the major paucity of data on the safety of TDR in elite contact sport athletes.
The Impact of Interhospital Transfer on the Extent of Neurological Recovery in Acute Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: Analysis of a Prospective Multicenter Data Set in 970 Cases
Authors: Bak Alex B. , Moghaddamjou Ali , Harrop James S. , Aarabi Bizhan , Fehlings Michael G.
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Interhospital transfer from community hospitals to centers specialized in managing traumatically injured individuals can strain patients, healthcare systems, and delay appropriate care. The purpose was to compare long-term neurological outcomes in transferred or directly admitted patients with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI).

METHODS:

An ambispective cohort study was conducted using prospectively collected data (between 2005 and 2018) from 11 specialized level 1 trauma centers across the United States and Canada. All patients who underwent surgical management for SCI were included and placed into 2 comparison cohorts: (1) direct admission and (2) transfer from intermediate hospital. Outcomes were change in American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale grade and its components: upper-extremity motor, lower-extremity motor, pinprick, and light touch scores from baseline (assessed ≤72 hours after injury) to follow-up (12-52 weeks). Nearest-neighbor 1:1 propensity score matching between the transferred and directly admitted cohorts was performed. Paired analysis using McNemar's test and paired Student's t-test was used to determine the extent of the difference in neurological outcomes.

RESULTS:

Nine hundred seventy patients (55.5% male, 55.2 ± 18.9 years) with traumatic SCI were directly admitted to a specialized trauma center (N = 474, 48.9%) or transferred from an intermediate hospital (N = 496, 51.1%). After propensity score matching, 283 pairs were matched. Compared with a matched cohort of transferred patients, American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale grade improved more in directly admitted patients (56.2% vs 46.3%, P = .024), as did upper-extremity motor score (13.7 ± 12.8 vs 10.4 ± 11.5, P = .018) and light touch score (22.0 ± 29.7 vs 16.9 ± 26.6, P = .034).

CONCLUSION:

Patients with SCI directly admitted to specialized trauma centers have greater neurological recovery compared with patients transferred from an intermediate hospital. Feasibility of direct admission to a center specialized in the management of acute SCI through implementation of a standardized code program must be further investigated.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:

Therapeutic level II.
Bidirectional multiciliated cell extrusion is controlled by Notch-driven basal extrusion and Piezo1-driven apical extrusion
Authors: Ventrella Rosa , Kim Sun K. , Sheridan Jennifer , Grata Aline , Bresteau Enzo , Hassan Osama A. , Suva Eve E. , Walentek Peter , Mitchell Brian J.
Published: August 2023

Xenopus embryos are covered with a complex epithelium containing numerous multiciliated cells (MCCs). During late-stage development, there is a dramatic remodeling of the epithelium that involves the complete loss of MCCs. Cell extrusion is a well-characterized process for driving cell loss while maintaining epithelial barrier function. Normal cell extrusion is typically unidirectional, whereas bidirectional extrusion is often associated with disease (e.g. cancer). We describe two distinct mechanisms for MCC extrusion, a basal extrusion driven by Notch signaling and an apical extrusion driven by Piezo1. Early in the process there is a strong bias towards basal extrusion, but as development continues there is a shift towards apical extrusion. Importantly, response to the Notch signal is age dependent and governed by the maintenance of the MCC transcriptional program such that extension of this program is protective against cell loss. In contrast, later apical extrusion is regulated by Piezo1, such that premature activation of Piezo1 leads to early extrusion while blocking Piezo1 leads to MCC maintenance. Distinct mechanisms for MCC loss underlie the importance of their removal during epithelial remodeling.
Dynamics of an incoherent feedforward loop drive ERK-dependent pattern formation in the early Drosophila embryo
Authors: Ho Emily K. , Oatman Harrison R. , McFann Sarah E. , Yang Liu , Johnson Heath E. , Shvartsman Stanislav Y. , Toettcher Jared E.
Published: August 2023

Positional information in development often manifests as stripes of gene expression, but how stripes form remains incompletely understood. Here, we use optogenetics and live-cell biosensors to investigate the posterior brachyenteron (byn) stripe in early Drosophila embryos. This stripe depends on interpretation of an upstream ERK activity gradient and the expression of two target genes, tailless (tll) and huckebein (hkb), that exert antagonistic control over byn. We find that high or low doses of ERK signaling produce transient or sustained byn expression, respectively. Although tll transcription is always rapidly induced, hkb converts graded ERK inputs into a variable time delay. Nuclei thus interpret ERK amplitude through the relative timing of tll and hkb transcription. Antagonistic regulatory paths acting on different timescales are hallmarks of an incoherent feedforward loop, which is sufficient to explain byn dynamics and adds temporal complexity to the steady-state model of byn stripe formation. We further show that ‘blurring’ of an all-or-none stimulus through intracellular diffusion non-locally produces a byn stripe. Overall, we provide a blueprint for using optogenetics to dissect developmental signal interpretation in space and time.
Navigating a research career with a disability
Authors: Anbuhl Kelsey L. , Cazares Oscar , Hubert Katharine A. , Mahapatra Riya , Morgan Jack D.
Published: August 2023

In recent years, we have seen an increasing focus in the academic environment on equity, diversity and inclusion. However, one broad group often left out of these discussions are disabled scientists/scientists with disabilities, who often face severe challenges entering the research profession and navigating their careers. Building on the success of the 2022 Young Embryologist Network's meeting, which included a session on ‘Working in science with a disability’ ( Morgan, 2023) we learn here from the lived experiences of five biologists who share the challenges and successes of undertaking a scientific career with a disability, as well as accommodations that can make science, technology, engineering, mathematics and medicine (STEMM) careers more accessible and inclusive.
A non-invasive, concealed electrocardiogram and bioimpedance measurement system for captive primates
Authors: Serrano-Finetti Ernesto , Hornero Gemma , Mainar Sergio , López Francisco , Crailsheim Dietmar , Feliu Olga , Casas Oscar
Published: August 2023

Captive housed non-human primates, specifically great apes such as chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are frequently reported to have died from or are diagnosed with potentially fatal heart conditions that require the monitoring of physiological signals such as electrocardiogram (ECG) or respiratory rate. ECG screening must be conducted after applying full anaesthesia, causing potential physical and emotional stress as well as risk for the animal. Here, we present an electronic system that simultaneously measures the ECG and the electrical bioimpedance for the early detection of abnormal cardiovascular activity. Modified gloves whose fingers are equipped with electrodes enable the caregiver to obtain three cardiovascular signals (ECG, pulse rate and respiratory rate) by placing the fingertips on specific parts of the non-human primate without needing any prior physical preparations. Validation (ECG and bioimpedance) was performed both on humans and on captive housed chimpanzees, where all the signals of interest were correctly acquired.
The Intermediate Water Concept for Pioneering Polymeric Biomaterials: A Review and Update
Authors: Nishimura Shin-nosuke , Tanaka Masaru
Published: August 2023

Polymeric biomaterials are often used in water and hydration water molecules with different mobilities, such as non-freezing water, intermediate water, and free water, are formed on their surfaces. These water molecules affect biological responses between the biomaterials and biofluids. It is challenging to control the state of hydration waters by tuning chemical structures of the polymers toward advance of medical fields. This review describes and updates syntheses, analyses, and applications of the polymeric biomaterials based on the intermediate water concept. The concept provides significant opportunities for pioneering polymeric biomaterials.
Creation of (σ+π)-Mixed Delocalization
Authors: Saito Masaichi , Suzuki Takumi , Takahashi Koki , Seko Saya , Furukawa Shunsuke , Fujii Shintaro
Published: August 2023

We design and synthesize compounds bearing a new electronic delocalization system named (σ+π)-mixed delocalization, where a σ-delocalization unit on the periphery of a benzene ring can conjugate with a π-unit of another benzene ring oriented perpendicularly to the former benzene ring. The (σ+π)-mixed delocalization is evidenced by the HOMO structures, the increase in HOMO energy levels and a larger single-molecule conductance, compared to those of reference compounds with no (σ+π)-mixed delocalization.
Modeling of Octahedral Clusters from Structural Units
Authors: Kononov P. , Kononova I.
Published: August 2023

Interest in cluster physics increased at the edge of the second half of the 20th century, while the word «cluster» itself appeared (Eng. cluster «cluster, brush, swarm». Recently, the concept of «cluster» has become relevant due to the trend in the development of nanomaterials. Such nanomaterials obtained using unconventional growth mechanisms are extremely interesting in the field of electronics, photonics and are of great interest for catalysis. The structure and properties of nanoobjects, as well as the technologies of their application and modification are determined by the composition, structure, complex of physical (including quantum mechanical) properties, chemical properties and patterns. In the article, using computer graphics, visualization is considered and visual geometric images of nanoclusters are presented, which allow students to avoid a primitive geometric representation of nanoobjects and serve as motivation to study other natural science subjects. The knowledge and skills laid down by students in the course of engineering and computer graphics are applied to the study of the laws of the processes in the nanowire by the example of the principles of constructing geometric models of nanoclusters along an octahedral line using 3D modeling. The features of the morphology of nanoobjects that determine the relevance of the modernization of students' training in the application of interrelated skills of such disciplines as «Nanomaterial Science», «Nanotechnology», «Engineering and computer graphics» are considered. The content of the article is intended for specialists working in the fields of nanotechnology and can be useful for graduate students and students studying in the fields of «Electronics and microelectronics» and «Nanotechnology», as well as for students of technological specialties of mining and geological and architectural and construction profile.
About the Sequence of Mentioning Authors in the Works
Authors: Sal'kov N. , Kadykova Nina
Published: August 2023

It is said about the unjustified distribution of the authors' places in the title of the article. The most practical and rational approach to creating a list of authors is proposed. The newfangled principle of the structure of articles is criticized.
LOS VOTOS RAZONADOS DEL JUEZ ANTONIO AUGUSTO CANÇADO TRINDADE: UN ESTUDIO DE LA JURISPRUDENCIA DE LA CIDH EN LOS CASOS PERUANOS - DOI: 10.12818/P.0304-2340.2022v81p233
Authors: Rosa Luz Ugarte Boluarte Krúpskaya
Published: August 2023

La investigación nace como un homenaje al jurista Antonio Augusto Cançado Trindade, símbolo de la lucha por los derechos humanos. Un académico de primer nivel, expresidente de la Corte Interamericana de DDHH y juez de la Corte Internacional de Justicia. Deja un legado impresionante, un humanista incansable, su trabajo remeció las aulas formando generaciones, y una de su característica innegable que hacía admirarlo era poner a las víctimas de violaciones de derechos humanos como el centro de toda la maquinaria de protección y promoción de los derechos humanos. Lo conocí personalmente el 2018 en Río de Janeiro, brillaba por su inteligencia, de trato sencillo, y muy conocedor de toda la jurisprudencia, con tanta solvencia expresaba y desarrollaba cada avance de los casos, y el aporte de estos a la cultura jurídica de los derechos humanos. Por eso este artículo busca reconocer su aporte en los Casos contra Perú, a través de sus votos razonados, al realizar la revisión de estos con respecto al Estado de Perú, destacando por su posición en el emblemático caso La Cantuta, etc. En ese sentido, se ha verificado las 11 sentencias emitidas por la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos entre los años 1998 y 2006, y observado la jurisprudencia desarrollada por el juez Cançado Trindade.
Adjustable Robust Optimization with Discrete Uncertainty
Authors: Lefebvre Henri , Malaguti Enrico , Monaci Michele
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we study adjustable robust optimization (ARO) problems with discrete uncertainty. Under a very general modeling framework, we show that such two-stage robust problems can be exactly reformulated as ARO problems with objective uncertainty only. This reformulation is valid with and without the fixed recourse assumption and is not limited to continuous wait-and-see decision variables unlike most of the existing literature. Additionally, we extend an enumerative algorithm akin to a branch-and-cut scheme for which we study the asymptotic convergence. We discuss how to apply the reformulation on two variants of well-known optimization problems, a facility location problem in which uncertainty may affect the capacity values and a multiple knapsack problem with uncertain weights, and we report extensive computational results demonstrating the effectiveness of the approach.

History: Accepted by Andrea Lodi, Area Editor for Design & Analysis of Algorithms – Discrete.

Funding: This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research [Grants FA8655-20-1-7012, FA8655-20-1-7019].
DiversiTree: A New Method to Efficiently Compute Diverse Sets of Near-Optimal Solutions to Mixed-Integer Optimization Problems
Authors: Ahanor Izuwa , Medal Hugh , Trapp Andrew C.
Published: August 2023

Although most methods for solving mixed-integer optimization problems compute a single optimal solution, a diverse set of near-optimal solutions can often lead to improved outcomes. We present a new method for finding a set of diverse solutions by emphasizing diversity within the search for near-optimal solutions. Specifically, within a branch-and-bound framework, we investigated parameterized node selection rules that explicitly consider diversity. Our results indicate that our approach significantly increases the diversity of the final solution set. When compared with two existing methods, our method runs with similar runtime as regular node selection methods and gives a diversity improvement between 12% and 190%. In contrast, popular node selection rules, such as best-first search, in some instances performed worse than state-of-the-art methods by more than 35% and gave an improvement of no more than 130%. Furthermore, we find that our method is most effective when diversity in node selection is continuously emphasized after reaching a minimal depth in the tree and when the solution set has grown sufficiently large. Our method can be easily incorporated into integer programming solvers and has the potential to significantly increase the diversity of solution sets.

History: Accepted by Pascal Van Hentenryck, Area Editor for Computational Modeling: Methods & Analysis.

Funding: This work was supported by the Army Research Office [Grant W911NF-21-1-0079]. The views expressed in this study do not represent those of the U.S. Government, the U.S. Department of Defense, or the U.S. Army.

Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2022.0164 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2022.0164 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .
Seizure and bilateral external jugular vein distention: a rare manifestation of Stanford type A aortic dissection
Authors: Zbidat Mohamad , Msheiil Botros , Idilbi Nasra
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Seizure as a sole sign of Stanford Type A aortic dissection (AAD) is mentioned in the medical literature. In this case, AAD was manifested by external bilateral jugular vein distention and generalized seizure. Patients and Methods: A 47-year-old woman presented to the Emergency Department with convulsions in the upper and lower extremities. She was diagnosed with AAD and transferred to a hospital with cardio-thoracic capabilities for surgery. Conclusion: Seizure resulting from aortic dissection has been explained by general cerebral hypoperfusion. However, jugular vein distention could be secondary to increased thoracic pressure, due to compression of the pulmonary artery by the ascending aorta.
How NHS data could benefit us all and how to build the trust needed to make it happen
Authors: O'Brien Niki , Ghafur Saira , Howitt Peter , O'Shaughnessy James , Darzi Ara
Published: August 2023

The pandemic has accelerated the data-sharing conversation and patients are increasingly receptive to sharing data, but missteps in this area could undermine public trust. This article outlines public concerns, lessons learned from previous unsuccessful activities, and the potential for secure data environments, which will be vital for the UK to maximise benefits for patients and the NHS.
Where are you really from? Racial microaggressions and how to be an ally or active bystander
Authors: Baryeh Kwaku , Rasool Lisa S
Published: August 2023

Racial microaggressions are often subtle and frequent occurences in the lives of people from marginalised racial groups. There is a broad lack of acknowledgement that they exist and when perpetrators are confronted, victims are often met with defensiveness or dismissal. However, the impacts on the physical and mental health of the victims make it essential that clinicians understand not only the concept of racial microaggressions but also how they may be challenged and addressed. There is no single way to address microaggressions, but the authors propose some ways to identify and tackle them in the medical setting and beyond. It is hoped that this will encourage allyship and empower those who are bystanders to become more actively involved.
Experimental and clinical evidence for DACC-coated dressings: an update
Authors: Rippon Mark , Rogers Alan A , Ousey Karen , Chadwick Paul
Published: August 2023

Objective:

To update the evidence in relation to the use of dialkylcarbamoyl chloride (DACC)-coated wound dressings in the prevention, treatment and management of wounds.

Method:

PubMed and PubMed Central databases were searched to identify articles published since 2020 describing the experimental and clinical evidence for DACC-coated dressings, and their antimicrobial effect, as well as their impact on the prevention and treatment of infected wounds. The identified articles were then narratively reviewed.

Results:

The search yielded 113 articles (plus references from ad hoc sources), of which nine met the inclusion criteria. Of the nine included studies, five related to clinical aspects and four were laboratory studies.

Conclusion:

A number of new studies have provided further evidence for the mode of action of the antimicrobial effect of DACC-coated dressings and its wide spectrum effect (including World Health Organization-prioritised microorganisms). Additional clinical studies have provided evidence of new applications, such as in treating wounds in paediatric patients, and extended the evidence relating to their use in treating surgical site infections. Evidence also shows that DACC-coated wound dressings can aid in the binding of biofilms, and how this technology can align and support antimicrobial stewardship in the prevention of antimicrobial resistance.
Research on the Effect of Heat Tensioning on the Dynamic Stability of Circular Saw Blades with External Scrapers
Authors: Li Bo , Yu Mingyang , Zhang Qingdong
Published: August 2023

Heat tensioning was proposed and proved to be effective for improving the dynamic stability of circular saw blades with ideal disk structure by a previous scholar. With the diversification of circular saw blade structure, circular saw blades with external scrapers are widely favored by the market because of their excellent resistance to sawing thermal stress. For circular saw blades with external scrapers, the effect of heat tensioning on the dynamic stability of the blades needs to be further studied. Therefore, the heat tensioning process of circular saw blades with external scrapers was built by the finite element method. The stress field and critical rotational speed of circular saw blades with a different structure after the heat tensioning process were calculated and analyzed. The relationships between circular saw blade structure, the dynamic stability of circular saw blades, and the heat tensioning process are clarified in this article. The results show that heat tensioning is not valid for all types of circular saw blades. For circular saw blades with external scrapers, the effect of heat tensioning on improving the critical rotation speed of the blades is gradually decreased with the number of external scrapers. When circular saw blades are heat tensioned, the average tangential stress of the outer edge of the blades and the critical rotation speed of the blades are higher.
Low-complexity algorithms for coherent optical systems with transceiver IQ imbalance
Authors: Mir Sameer Ahmad , Venkatasubramani Lakshmi Narayanan , Koilpillai R. David , Venkitesh Deepa
Published: August 2023

The next-generation coherent optical communication relies on higher symbol transmission rates with higher modulation cardinality. The imbalance between the in-phase (I) and the quadrature (Q) arms in such systems leads to deteriorated performance if not corrected. In this work, we propose a reference constellation adaptation-based single-tap, novel carrier phase recovery algorithm, tolerant to the transmitter IQ imbalance and a pilot-free geometric parameter extraction-based receiver IQ imbalance correction method for MQAM signals. The proposed scheme is numerically investigated through extensive simulations for 32 GBaud polarization multiplexed (PM)-16QAM, and 64QAM modulation formats and experimentally verified for 32 GBaud PM-16QAM signal. The proposed pilot-free scheme is applicable to any modulation format and offers lower computational complexity than traditional algorithms.
Enhanced wide-range gas pressure sensing with an all-solid open Fabry–Pérot interferometer
Authors: Zhao Xinyu , Bai Jiandong , Zheng Yongqiu , Hai Zhenyin , Chen Jiamin , Zhang Junping , Wang Yonghua , Xue Chenyang
Published: August 2023

The sensors with a wide gas pressure detection range are urgently demanded in many industrial applications. Here, we propose a gas pressure sensor based on an all-solid open Fabry–Pérot interferometer, which is prepared by using optical contact bonding to ensure high structural strength and high-quality factor of 8.8 × 105. The applied pressure induces a change in the refractive index of the air, leading to the shift of the resonant spectrum. The pressure is detected by calibrating this shift. The sensor exhibits a pressure sensitivity of 4.20 ± 0.01 nm/MPa in a pressure range of 0 to 10 MPa and has a minimum pressure resolution of 0.005 MPa. Additionally, it shows a lower temperature cross-sensitivity of -0.25 kPa/°C. These findings affirm that the sensor achieves high-sensitivity pressure sensing across a wide detection range. Moreover, owing to its exceptional mechanical strength, it holds great promise for applications in harsh environments, such as high temperature and high pressure.
Polarization-independent bound state in the continuum without the help of rotational symmetry
Authors: Feng Jixin , Wang Xianghui , Cheng Jierong , Zeng Ming
Published: August 2023

Recently, research about bound states in the continuum (BICs) has become more and more attractive. Nanostructures with rotational symmetry are usually utilized to realize polarization-independent quasi-BIC resonances. Here, we propose a new, to the best of our knowledge, scheme for a polarization-independent quasi-BIC without the help of rotational symmetry. With the rotation of the polarization direction of the incident light, a quasi-BIC resonance can be consistently observed in a dielectric cubic tetramer metasurface without rotational symmetry. Based on far-field multipolar decomposition and near-field electromagnetic distributions, it is found that different multipoles exhibit different dependences on the polarization direction, and the switch between electric and magnetic quadrupoles results in polarization-independent quasi-BIC resonance. Our findings provide an alternative scheme to design polarization-independent devices and promote wider potential applications.
AlN-based piezoelectric MEMS deformable mirror
Authors: Zhang Junning , Zhang Xinyue , Wang Yan , Lv Tunan , Yu Hongbin
Published: August 2023

An AlN-based piezoelectric micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) continuous membrane deformable mirror (DM) prototype is presented for the first time. Its effective aperture diameter is 5 mm and it is equipped with 25 independently controlled actuators. Owing to the advantages associated with the AlN piezoelectric thin-film technology, attractive characteristics including CMOS compatible fabrication, bidirectional linear and negligible hysteresis actuation, and excellent linear superposition control capability have been successfully demonstrated. Moreover, good optical aberration correction performance is also validated via the surface contour fitting experiment to the Zernike polynomials up to the first 14 orders despite the non-optimized device structure design, representing great application perspective.
When does humoral memory enhance infection?
Authors: Nikas Ariel , Ahmed Hasan , Moore Mia R. , Zarnitsyna Veronika I. , Antia Rustom
Published: August 2023

Antibodies and humoral memory are key components of the adaptive immune system. We consider and computationally model mechanisms by which humoral memory present at baseline might increase rather than decrease infection load; we refer to this effect as EI-HM (enhancement of infection by humoral memory). We first consider antibody dependent enhancement (ADE) in which antibody enhances the growth of the pathogen, typically a virus, and typically at intermediate ‘Goldilocks’ levels of antibody. Our ADE model reproduces ADE in vitro and enhancement of infection in vivo from passive antibody transfer. But notably the simplest implementation of our ADE model never results in EI-HM. Adding complexity, by making the cross-reactive antibody much less neutralizing than the de novo generated antibody or by including a sufficiently strong non-antibody immune response, allows for ADE-mediated EI-HM. We next consider the possibility that cross-reactive memory causes EI-HM by crowding out a possibly superior de novo immune response. We show that, even without ADE, EI-HM can occur when the cross-reactive response is both less potent and ‘directly’ (i.e. independently of infection load) suppressive with regard to the de novo response. In this case adding a non-antibody immune response to our computational model greatly reduces or completely eliminates EI-HM, which suggests that ‘crowding out’ is unlikely to cause substantial EI-HM. Hence, our results provide examples in which simple models give qualitatively opposite results compared to models with plausible complexity. Our results may be helpful in interpreting and reconciling disparate experimental findings, especially from dengue, and for vaccination.
Muscleblind-1 interacts with tubulin mRNAs to regulate the microtubule cytoskeleton in C. elegans mechanosensory neurons
Authors: Puri Dharmendra , Sharma Sunanda , Samaddar Sarbani , Ravivarma Sruthy , Banerjee Sourav , Ghosh-Roy Anindya
Published: August 2023

Regulation of the microtubule cytoskeleton is crucial for the development and maintenance of neuronal architecture, and recent studies have highlighted the significance of regulated RNA processing in the establishment and maintenance of neural circuits. In a genetic screen conducted using mechanosensory neurons of C. elegans, we identified a mutation in muscleblind-1/mbl-1 as a suppressor of loss of kinesin-13 family microtubule destabilizing factor klp-7. Muscleblind-1(MBL-1) is an RNA-binding protein that regulates the splicing, localization, and stability of RNA. Our findings demonstrate that mbl-1 is required cell-autonomously for axon growth and proper synapse positioning in the posterior lateral microtubule (PLM) neuron. Loss of mbl-1 leads to increased microtubule dynamics and mixed orientation of microtubules in the anterior neurite of PLM. These defects are also accompanied by abnormal axonal transport of the synaptic protein RAB-3 and reduction of gentle touch sensation in mbl-1 mutant. Our data also revealed that mbl-1 is genetically epistatic to mec-7 (β tubulin) and mec-12 (α tubulin) in regulating axon growth. Furthermore, mbl-1 is epistatic to sad-1, an ortholog of BRSK/Brain specific-serine/threonine kinase and a known regulator of synaptic machinery, for synapse formation at the correct location of the PLM neurite. Notably, the immunoprecipitation of MBL-1 resulted in the co-purification of mec-7, mec-12, and sad-1 mRNAs, suggesting a direct interaction between MBL-1 and these transcripts. Additionally, mbl-1 mutants exhibited reduced levels and stability of mec-7 and mec-12 transcripts. Our study establishes a previously unknown link between RNA-binding proteins and cytoskeletal machinery, highlighting their crucial roles in the development and maintenance of the nervous system.
Evidence- and data-driven classification of low back pain via artificial intelligence: Protocol of the PREDICT-LBP study
Authors: Belavy Daniel L. , Tagliaferri Scott D. , Tegenthoff Martin , Enax-Krumova Elena , Schlaffke Lara , Bühring Björn , Schulte Tobias L. , Schmidt Sein , Wilke Hans-Joachim , Angelova Maia , Trudel Guy , Ehrenbrusthoff Katja , Fitzgibbon Bernadette , Van Oosterwijck Jessica , Miller Clint T. , Owen Patrick J. , Bowe Steven , Döding Rebekka , Kaczorowski Svenja
Published: August 2023

In patients presenting with low back pain (LBP), once specific causes are excluded (fracture, infection, inflammatory arthritis, cancer, cauda equina and radiculopathy) many clinicians pose a diagnosis of non-specific LBP. Accordingly, current management of non-specific LBP is generic. There is a need for a classification of non-specific LBP that is both data- and evidence-based assessing multi-dimensional pain-related factors in a large sample size. The “PRedictive Evidence Driven Intelligent Classification Tool for Low Back Pain” (PREDICT-LBP) project is a prospective cross-sectional study which will compare 300 women and men with non-specific LBP (aged 18–55 years) with 100 matched referents without a history of LBP. Participants will be recruited from the general public and local medical facilities. Data will be collected on spinal tissue (intervertebral disc composition and morphology, vertebral fat fraction and paraspinal muscle size and composition via magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]), central nervous system adaptation (pain thresholds, temporal summation of pain, brain resting state functional connectivity, structural connectivity and regional volumes via MRI), psychosocial factors (e.g. depression, anxiety) and other musculoskeletal pain symptoms. Dimensionality reduction, cluster validation and fuzzy c-means clustering methods, classification models, and relevant sensitivity analyses, will classify non-specific LBP patients into sub-groups. This project represents a first personalised diagnostic approach to non-specific LBP, with potential for widespread uptake in clinical practice. This project will provide evidence to support clinical trials assessing specific treatments approaches for potential subgroups of patients with non-specific LBP. The classification tool may lead to better patient outcomes and reduction in economic costs.