bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Air Quality in the Town of Bijeljina - Trends and Levels of So2 and No2 Concentrations
Authors: Radović Branko , Ilić Predrag , Popović Zoran , Vuković Jelena , Smiljanić Slavko
Published: September 2022

Abstract: The paper presents results of the measurements of the sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentration and meteorological parameters: temperature, air pressure, relative humidity and wind speed. The data were collected from January 2019 to December 2020 at two stations, namely Center and Heating plant, in the City of Bijeljina, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. SO2 and NO2 are one of the major air pollutants that could negatively affect the human health. Levels of SO2 and NO2 in air samples and meteorological variables from urban zone of Bijeljina were determined at both localities, which represent a highly-populated area with intensive traffic. This topic has not been studied up to now in Bijeljina, although the recent research data indicates that there is a correlation between meteorological parameters and air pollutants. Statistical analysis confirms direct corelation between SO2 and NO2 and meteorological parameters, specially temperature in locality Center (r = -0.639), the wind speed in locality Heating plant (r = 0.399) and relative humidity (r = 0.162). Correlation of NO2 with temperature is not confirmed in both localities. The wind speed increase is followed by rises of the NO2 concentration values and vice versa. Correlation of NO2 with pressure is confirmed in locality Center (r = 0.128) but it is not confirmed in locality Heating plant. Correlation between NO2 and relative humidity found to be negative in locality Center (r = -0.062). These parameters are the most important meteorological factors influencing the variation in SO2 and NO2 concentration in the air during the research. Depending on the obtained correlation, meteorological parameters had a positive or negative impact on air pollution.
Analysis of Microbiological Tests in Urinary System Infections
Authors: Nedić Drago , Mihajlović Branislav , Garić Jasmina
Published: September 2022

Urinary tract infections account for about 40% of overall hospital system infections and are a serious economic burden and problem for public health system in any country. This is primarily expressed through absence from work. Urinary infection analysis needs to provide better results in this field by improved and better quality prevention, better education, and also higher quality hospitalisation. Using the method of urine analysis, i.e. through its results, we come to understand what the most common causes of urinary infections are. The study shows that the bladder inflammation (N30) is the most common admitting diagnosis in subjects whose urine culture was positive. Among the subjects with positive urine culture, Escherichia coli was found in 43.4% of patients. A statistically significant association was found between admitting diagnoses and the age group of respondents aged 35 to 50.
Analysis of Modern Hepatitis C Control Effects
Authors: Popović Suzana , Mihajlović Branislav
Published: September 2022

Viral hepatitis C (hep C, HCV) most commonly occurs in the age group of 30 to 49. Initially, the dominant group consisted of middle-aged patients infected through blood transfusion. Recently, an increase in HCV has been observed among patients of younger age. Today, the main risk group consists of intravenous drug users (IVDUs) with a prevalence of 80%, and the infection normally occurs very soon after starting to take intravenous drugs. Hepatitis C viral infection is also associated with cocaine/heroin consumption, and the infection occurs as a result of the use of common blood-contaminated equipment. In the presented research, the largest number of patients is between the ages of 30 and 40. In 36 patients, a stable virological response was achieved, i.e. 90%, while most of these patients were previously treated with some other treatment modalities. Since the therapeutic possibilities are limited and there is no vaccine, prevention plays a key role in the eradication of HCV infection. Eradication and health education of the population are needed, with the aim of acquiring knowledge about possible ways of infection transmission, and thus the possibilities of protection against infection.
Level of Students ‘Functional Abilities as a Parameter for Determining Differences in Triglyceride, Cholesterol, Blood Sugar and Body Composition in Students
Authors: Skender Nijaz , Cakar Saka Serra Ayse , Kurtović Natalija , Šabić Ernest
Published: September 2022

The aim of the study was to determine the differences in the level of fat, sugar and body structure based on the level of functional abilities. The sample of respondents are students of the University of Bihać who also completed the shuttle run test (BEEPT). T-test for independent samples revealed the existence of statistically significant differences between the arithmetic means of the two groups of subjects for (AMAS, p = 0 .011), (BMI p = 0 .000), (FAT%, p = 0.000), (FMKG p) = 0.000). A statistically significant difference was also found in the variable triglycerides (TRIGL p = 0.019), while in the other variables no statistically significant difference was found in the two groups of subjects in favor of subjects who had better results in functional abilities. The coefficient of discriminant canonical correlation is (0.512), as is Wilks lambda, (0.738), which indicates very high discrimination between groups (sig. 000). The greatest contribution to the formation of the discriminatory function was given by the variables FMKG - .801, FATPR -.760, BMI - .707, AMAS - .390, TRIGL - .358, HOLE - .235. The centroids of the groups show a large distance between the results of the groups because they are located at both ends of the coordinate system. The first group consists of positive results of a total of 7 variables, which means that the respondents of the first group had significantly better results in these variables.
Based on the results, it can be concluded that the increase in cholesterol triglycerides and some parameters of body structure affected the level of health status as well as body composition in students.
The Impact of the Pilates Program on the Mobility of Middle-Aged Women
Authors: Nikić Nataša , Milenković Dejan
Published: September 2022

The aim of the study was to determine the impact of a 16-week Pilates program on the mobility of middle-aged women. The research involved 16 Pilates female exercisers who have been practicing this recreational exercise for at least a year, three times a week. Shoulder Circumduction Test, V Sit and Reach Test, Groin Flexibility Test, Back Scratch Test and Calf Muscle Flexibility Test were used to assess flexibility. In addition to descriptive parameters, repeated-measures ANOVA and Fisher LSD were used in the analysis. 16-week Pilates program has had a positive effect on changes in mobility in female exercisers both in the upper part of the body, in the area of the shoulder girdle (p .05), and in the lower part of the body, in the area of the pelvic girdle and hip joint (p .05). There were no statistically significant changes in plantar flexion. It can be concluded that the Pilates program effectively affects the improvement of flexibility in the shoulder region and the pelvic girdle and hip joint, while in plantar flexors of the feet a statistically significant improvement in the level of mobility under the influence of Pilates exercise was not observed.
Impact of Motor Learning on Overall Skill-Related Anxiety
Authors: Vidranski Tihomir , Klaričić Ivana , Dragić Dejan
Published: September 2022

The aim of this research is to determine the differences in participants’ overall anxiety and its factors before and after the motor skill learning process. A sample consisted of 96 examinees, college students who attended 3 learning sessions of a handspring vault in a crouch position. Students estimated their own anxiety by a questionnaire on a scale 1 – 4 at the beginning of the learning process and before the third session. Total anxiety is constructed of 3 factors: somatic, cognitive and self-confidence. The results showed that the highest manifestation of student’s anxiety was in the self-confidence referring to the highest (the worst) result, then in cognitive factor and the lowest in somatic factor. The average overall student’s anxiety reduced from 2.26 to 1.83, and the reduction (improvement) is manifested in all three anxiety factors. Anxiety reduction could be affected by adaptation processes, higher level of motor skill performance, controlled condition in the learning process, and interaction of all mentioned. The conclusion is that the motor learning can reduce the skill-related anxiety so it is recommended that high-anxiety participants are retained in the learning process.
Lockdown Drills
Authors: Schildkraut Jaclyn , Nickerson Amanda B.
Published: September 2022

A comprehensive resource on what lockdown drills are, why they are necessary, and how best to conduct them.

The first book to offer a comprehensive examination of lockdown drills in K–12 schools, Lockdown Drills balances research findings with practical applications and implications. Schildkraut and Nickerson, school safety experts with complementary backgrounds in criminology and school psychology, review the historical precedents for lockdown drills, distinguish school lockdowns from other emergency procedures (such as active shooter drills), explain why they are conducted, present evidence-based research on their effectiveness, and describe how to conduct them according to best practices. Proponents of lockdown drills as a life-saving necessity, the authors help to bring much-needed standardization to how these drills are studied and conducted.

The authors present common arguments for and against the inclusion of lockdown drills in emergency preparedness efforts, balancing their discussion of the perceptions and psychological impacts of lockdown drills with scholarly research on the extent to which lockdown drills improve how effectively individuals respond to a potential threat. Placing lockdown drills in the larger context of school safety and preparedness, they examine the broader implications for policymakers. Finally, they emphasize that drills, of which lockdowns are only one type, are just a part of the complex school safety puzzle. Ensuring that schools are safe places for students and educators begins long before a crisis occurs and continues through the days, weeks, and years of recovery following a crisis.
Emerging Professional Identity Formation: Exploring Coloniality in the Rehabilitation Professions
Authors: Abrahams Kristen , Abdullah Aqueelah , Pillay Mershen , Kathard Harsha
Published: September 2022

This paper explores professional identity formation in undergraduate education. The paper positions professional identity formation within coloniality. A qualitative case study was conducted using critical theory as a guiding conceptual framework. Data collection included document reviews, observations and arts-based research methodologies. We present a case study of a speech-language pathology student, Aqueelah, transitioning from a traditional clinical placement to a learning site which encourages the development of an emerging practice. The paper focuses on how Aqueelah forms her emerging professional identity through her learning. We foreground the concept of “centring the self” as essential in developing patient-centred care and challenge coloniality of being embedded in clinical education. The paper argues that liminal spaces are necessary to allow students to explore different ways of thinking and doing to support new ways of being. The paper advocates for arts-based methodologies and critical reflection as essential pedagogic tools in shaping professional identity.
Numerical Study on Heat Radiation Attenuation and Flow Characteristics by Water Mist Curtains
Authors: Ko Gwon Hyun
Published: September 2022

A numerical study was conducted to investigate the attenuation effect of fire radiative heat and flow characteristics by water mist curtains. To shield a fire room with a diesel fire source with a maximum heat release rate of 1.8 MW, two mist curtain nozzles that operated at 1.0∼3.0 MPa were installed. The injection flow rate and mean diameter of droplets ranged from 9.1 to 15.8 lpm and from 87 to 58 μm, respectively. The radiative heat flux through the mist curtain was μ attenuated by 50%∼76% based on the given injection pressure range and appropriately followed the trends of previous experimental results. Comparing the flow characteristics with and without mist curtain activation, the effect of smoke shielding using the mist curtain was partially evident at the early stage of the fire; however, the shielding effect decreased, as the speed of the smoke flow increased during the peak period.
A Study on the Scenario of Evacuation Safety Analysis of Wide-Area Railroad Stations
Authors: Park Jong-Woo , Choi Don-Mook
Published: September 2022

There are 1,416 railway stations in this country, of which 729 are underground stations. Moreover, more than 50% of the stations are constructed underground. Recently, the deep depth wide-area railroad has being designed and constructed. Railroads are the main means of transportation for the people and confirming evacuation safety in crowded underground spaces is a crucial subject. The functions of urban railroads and wide-area railroad underground stations built in urban underground spaces are the same. Nevertheless, there are differences between the station safety analysis scenario and the method used when they were designed. Through the analysis of evacuation scenarios and methods applied when evaluating the safety of underground stations, we propose procedures and standards for analyzing the safety of underground stations that can be applied to two types of railroads; the urban and wide-area railroads.
Pluralismo religioso y Estado laico en Latinoamérica
Authors:   Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Leon Caceres Mauricio Enrique
Published: September 2022

Este artículo analiza la relación entre pluralismo religioso, Estado laico, el cooperacionismo con la Iglesia Católica y el reconocimiento de religiones indígenas en América Latina. Se utiliza un marco comparativo con la legislación relevante de Colombia, Perú y Bolivia para contrastarlo con el caso chileno bajo la luz del actual proceso constituyente.
COVID 19 Omicron: The Origin, Presentation, Diagnosis, Prevention and Control
Authors: Hassan Abdulwasiu Oladele , Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi , Ajayi David Toluwani , Tolulope Adeyemo Abolaji , Madekwe Chinelo Chioma , Madekwe Chika Chizitelu , Ikpenwa Justina N. , Nakyeyune Sarah
Published: September 2022

Coronaviruses have become a global health threat over the past two decades as their geographical spread has accelerated. Coronavirus disease 2019, also known as COVID-19, is the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 The epidemic caused by (SARS-CoV-2). The first known case was confirmed in Wuhan, China in December 2019, where he has caused two pandemics in the past. Severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome are followed by the current COVID-19 outbreak in China. The virus originates from a zoonotic source and is spread by direct and contact transmission. Symptoms range from fever to cough, muscle aches to severe respiratory failure. Diagnosis is confirmed by reverse transcriptase-PCR. Treatment of COVID-19 consists primarily of supportive care and mechanical ventilation in critical cases. Prevention strategies, along with successful disease isolation and community containment, play an important role in reducing the spread of the virus among the public. A vaccine has been developed to clear the virus from its host, but it is not yet known whether the vaccine works against the virus's newest subspecies, the Omicron subspecies. This review summarizes the most recent research advances in structure, epidemiology, and etiology. We also focused on mutational patterns, an important feature of viral virology, and examined existing variants, especially its omicron variant. The clinical features of COVID-19, current treatments, and scientific advances to combat the epidemic novel coronavirus were discussed.
Malaria Parasitemia and Anemia among Pregnant Women Attending General Hospital, Enugwu-Ukwu, Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Umeanaeto Pauline U. , Odagwe Chukwujindu , Onwuagana Ifenna C. , Irikannu Kindness C. , Onwuachusi Ginika L. , Akulue Justina C. , Afulukwe Stella C.
Published: September 2022

Women has been reported to be more susceptible to malaria parasites infection during pregnancy. The disease causes severe anemia in pregnancy sometimes resulting to maternal morbidity and mortality in many parts of the world including Nigeria. A study to determine malaria parasitaemia among pregnant women attending General hospital Enugwu-Ukwu, Anambra State, Nigeria, was conducted between July and December, 2019. The specific objectives were to determine the prevalence of malaria parasites and anemia among the pregnant women as well and the relationship between malaria and anemia. Two milliliters of venous blood were collected from 408 pregnant women during antenatal visits. Thick and thin blood films were made, stained with 10% Giemsa stain and examined under the microscope for malaria parasites. Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration was estimated using cyanmethemoglobin method. Hemoglobin concentration below 11.0g/dl was regarded as anemia in pregnancy. Of 408 blood samples collected, 112(27.5%) were positive for malaria parasites. The age group 15–20 years had the highest prevalence 8(40%) while the age group 36–40 years had the least 24(23.1%). The primigravidae had the highest malaria prevalence 72(36%), while the multigravidae had the least 40(19.2%). The pregnant women in first trimester had the highest malaria prevalence 48(50%), while those in third trimester had the least 24(16.7%). Malaria parasitaemia in relation to trimester was statistically significant (P<0.05). A total of 248(60.7%) pregnant women had a Hb value less than 11g/dl. The multigravidae had the highest Hb 128(61.5%), while the primigravidae had the least 120(60%). Health education and proper administration of Intermittent Preventive Therapy (IPT) during pregnancy is recommended for malaria prevention and control in pregnancy.
Influence of Pre Sowing Seed Treatments with Biofertilizers and Plant Growth Regulators on Growth, Yield and Yield Attributing traits of Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Var. Rachna
Authors: Kumar Gummadi Vinod , Rai Prashant Kumar , Jain Prashant Ankur
Published: September 2022

The field experiment was conducted during Rabi Season 2021-22 at field experimental centre at Genetics and Plant Breeding Naini Agricultural Institute, SHUATS, Prayagraj, (U.P). The soil of the experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.1), low in organic carbon (0.36 %), available N (171.48 kg/ha), available P (15.2 kg/ha) and available K (232.5 kg/ha). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with thirteen treatments including control which were replicated thrice. The treatments were as follows, TO- Control, T1, T2, T3- Rhizobium - 10%, 15%, 20%, T4, T5, T6-Azospirullum – 5%, 10%, 15%, and T7, T8, T9-Gibberellic acid (GA3)-50ppm, 75ppm, 100 ppm, T10, T11, T12- NAA -10 ppm, 15ppm, 20ppm respectively. The experiment results revealed that seeds treated with T9-Gibberellic Acid-100% ppm gave better results followed by T3-Rhizobium@ 20% and T12-NAA @20 ppm than other treatments viz, Field emergence (80.06), Plant height (94.75cm), Days to 50% flowering (68.71), Days to Maturity (120.98), number of branches per plant (7.24), number of pods per plant (20.86), number of seeds per pod (4.55), seed yield per plant (17.44 g), Seed yield per plot (269.61  grams), Biological yield (50.78 grams), Seed index (23.91), Harvest index (34.24%) were recorded significantly higher compared to other treatments.
Effects of Growing Media and Biocapsules on Germination and Growth of Papaya (Carica papaya) cv. Pusa Nanha
Authors: Kikhi Vivino , Bahadur Vijay , Mishra Saket , Simon Sobita , Topno Samir E. , Paul Anupriya
Published: September 2022

The study, was carried out during March – June 2022 at Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, SHUATS, Prayagraj. The experiment was carried out to see the performance of the most suitable soil media for growth and establishment of Papaya seedlings. There were nine treatments including control viz, M0 Control (Garden soil), M1(Soil + FYM), M2 (Soil+FYM+biocapsules), M3 (Soil+FYM+Neemcake), M4  (Soil + FYM + Neemcake + biocapsules), M5 (Soil +FYM + Vermicompost), M6 (Soil + Sand + Vermicompost + biocapsules), M7 (Soil + FYM + Sand) M8 (Soil+FYM+Sand+Biocapsules) replicated three times with 10 seeds per replication. Growth medium significantly affected the growth, biomass, and root morphological indexes of papaya seedlings. The results reveal that the treatment M6 (Soil+Sand+Vermicompost+biocapsules) was the most suitable treatment over all the other treatments in relation to germination and growth parameters.
Nine Years of Integrated Nutrient Management Practices on Soil Microbial Activities in a Cereal-based Cropping System
Authors: Sahoo Sanjib Kumar , Mishra Kshitendra Narayan , Panda Narayan , Padhan Kshitipati , Mohanty Shraddha , Kumar Ketan , Sethi Debadatta
Published: September 2022

The present work is a follow-up study to identify the effects of nine years long-term integrated nutrient management practices on soil microbial activities in a cereal-based cropping system which was initiated in 2010. The microbial activities like microbial population and enzyme activities were estimated at three different soil depths; 0-15 cm, 15-30 cm and 30-45 cm, in response to different treatment regimes of inorganic fertilizers, organic manures, biofertilizers, and lime. The results identified a decreasing trend in the microbial population and enzyme activity with increased soil depth. Of all the treatment regimes, the maximum enhancements of dehydrogenase and urease activities were observed when there was a combined application of lime with inorganics and organic manure. Additionally, this treatment also increased the bacterial population while decreasing the fungal and actinomycetes population in the soil. The increased soil microbial activities in this treatment can be attributed to the role of organic manures.
Effect of Phosphorus, Zinc and Rhizobium on Productivity and Profitability of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under Central Plain Zone of Uttar Pardesh
Authors: Yadav Ankit , Singh Devendra , Kumar Ravindra , Pandey S. B. , Pal Sudhir , Sachan Ravindra , Yadav Abhishek Singh , Kumar Mandeep
Published: September 2022

Field experiments were conducted to study the Effect of phosphorus, zinc and rhizobium on yield and profibility of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) during rabi season of 2020-21 and 2021-22 at students instructional farm, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur. The treament consists of three levels of phosphorus (0, 30 and 60 kg ha-1), three levels of zinc (0,2.5, 5.0 kg ha-1) and two levels of rhizobium inoculation (with and without rhizobium) totally eighteen treatment combinations. The experiment was laid out in Factorial randomized block design with three replications. N @ 20 kg ha-1 and K @ 20 kg ha-1 applied uniformly through urea and murate of potash respectively The experiment was laid out in Factorial randomized block design with three replications. Chickpea variety RVG-202 was grown with the recommended agronomic practices. Results of the experiment reflected that yield of chickpea crop increased with the use of phosphorus, zinc and rhizobium inoculation. Maximum grain yield 20.89 kg ha-1, stover yield 25.26 kg ha-1, biological yield 46.15 kg ha-1 and harvest index 45.27% were recorded under T18 (60 kg P+5 kg Zn ha-1 rhizobium innoculation) over control during second year. But, significantly increased T17 (60 kg P+2.5 kg Zn ha-1+ rhizobium innoculation) during both years (2020-21 and 2021-22). The maximum cost of cultivation (₹ 36615.23), gross return (₹ 115380), net return (₹ 78764.77) and B:C ratio (2.15) were recorded under T18 (60 kg P+5 kg Zn ha-1 rhizobium innoculation). The present study showed that combined application of phosphorus and zinc with rhizobium inoculation along with recommended nitrogen and potassium could be an effective option for enhancing chickpea yield component, yield and economic return.
A Clinicopathological and Survival Analysis of Non-squamous Cervical Cancers in India
Authors: Nayak B. L. , Padhy A. K. , Mohapatra J. J. , Mohapatra M. R. , Parija J. , Das R. , Mohanty S. , Spattnaik S. , Giri S. K. , Panda N. , Senapathi S. N. , Pattnaik L. , Sarangi L. , Padhi S. , Samantray S. , Devi P. , Panda S. , Rout N. , Kar T. , Das L. , Hota Duttaswar , Mohapatra P. C.
Published: September 2022

Aim and Objective: An clinicopathological and survival analysis 22 cases cases of nonsquamous carcinomas of cervix from 2010- 2020.

Primary Objective: Is to analyse the extent of microscopic parametrial involvement in early invasive non squamous carcinoma with respect to age, size of lesion, depth of invasion.

To analyse the nodal status in clinically early invasive nonsquamous carcinoma with respect to other variable i.e age, tumor size, depth of invasion, parametrial involvement.

Secondary Objective: Was to analyse the survival status, of after radical hysterectomy and adjuvant therapy.

Materials and Methods: The hps confirmed cases of nonsquamous carcinoma of cervix were included in the studyand few cases were ihc confimed.

Inclusion Criteria: Primary non squamous cacinoma of cervix hps confirmed.

Exclusion Criteria: Squamous carcinoma and metastatic carcinoma of cervix.

Methods: Regression analysis chi square, log rank test.Kaplan Meyers curve was used for survival analysis.

Results: On regression analysis with dependent variable as the pelvic node was analysed with age, depth of invasion and size of lesion and parametrium,none of factors were significantly influencing the nodal status [1-3].

Similarly the parametrium positivity taken as the dependent variable was analysed with age, size of lesion, depth of invasion. None of the factors could predict the parametrial involvement. Overall 5-year survival probability for the patients is 0.770 i.e 55 months with 95% CI (0.570, 1.000). Here, the 5-year survival probability for the patients with parametrium positive status is 0.917i.e 48months 95% CI (0.773, 1.000). The log rank test for change in survival between two parametrium groups i.e., negative and positive patients gives chi-square value 3.59 (d.f.=1, p-value = 0.06), which indicates two groups do not differ in their survival.

Disease free survival of the parametrium –ve/ parametium+ve(60/24 mths). The log rank test for change in survival between two parametrium groups i.e., negative and positive patients gives chi-square value 2.8 (d.f.=1, p-value = 0.1), which indicates two groups do not differ in their  disease free survival.
A Survey of Entrepreneurship Education and Its Effect on Students' Involvement in Business in School and after School
Authors: Anietie Udokang Kemi
Published: September 2022

This study was undertaken to assess the extent to which the introduction of entrepreneurship education (EEd) has helped in building entrepreneurs in school and after school following the introduction of the course into Nigerian educational system more than a decade ago. The assessment was measured based on students’ involvement in entrepreneurial activities while in school and their involvement in different business activities after school. Therefore, the entrepreneurs were selected purposively considering graduates entrepreneurs from The Federal Polytechnic Offa between 2010 - 2021 who resides in Offa, from the Federal polytechnic area/ Abuja area to Olofa way area.  Questionnaire was used to gather data in which 240 questionnaires were administered to the entrepreneurs, out of which 219 were successfully returned. The questionnaire returned were made up of 74 Full-Time (FT) National Diploma (ND) graduates representing 34%, 76 Part-Time (PT) ND graduate representing 35% and 69 Higher National Diploma (HND) graduates representing 32%. After collection of data which was presented in pie charts, the Z-test about proportion and binary logistic regression model were used in analyzing the data. The result of the analysis revealed that, the proportion of graduates’ involvement in business activities and changing mindset to business activities due to entrepreneurship education does not significantly varies between graduates that were involved in business while in school and graduates that were involved in business after school. A similar finding in changing mindset to do business while in school also revealed that proportions of graduated students that are participating in business activities after school and graduated students that participated in business activities while in school, that EEd in school has influenced in changing their mindset to do business are significantly the same. Also, discovered is that academic performance in EEd does not significantly determine a student involvement in business activities while in school or after school. Based on the findings, the stakeholders are advised to improve on the course content of EEd in tertiary institution for more participation and encourage those with a small- scale business venture.
Design of Remote Monitoring System for Lithium Battery Operating Statu
Authors: Lu Xu , Wang Chong
Published: September 2022

The safety of lithium batteries has always been an important problem that restricts the rapid development of lithium batteries. In view of the problems such as the untimely and difficult monitoring of the thermal runaway behavior of the lithium battery energy storage system, a remote monitoring system for the operating state of lithium batteries based on ZigBee and NB-IOT technology is designed. The real-time collection of the operating parameters of lithium batteries is realized through various sensors, the whole system is constructed by the Internet of things technology, and the uploading of operating parameters is realized through the network. It is verified that the system can operate stably, collect the operating parameters of lithium battery and upload relevant data in real time, facilitate the remote monitoring of staff, and provide a strong guarantee for the safety of lithium battery energy storage system.
The Prevalence and Distribution of Enteric Bacteria in Meat and Meat Products in Mosul City
Authors: Azzawi Muhannad Ali , Essa Muhsin Ayoub
Published: September 2022

Food-borne diseases are the most serious international health issue, causing economic losses and health. The enteric bacteria are the most difficult bacterial contamination of raw and processed beef products worldwide. It is also the most prevalent type of food poisoning.

Aim: The current study sought to determine the presence and distribution of enteric bacteria associated with various types of meat (red and white) and their fresh and frozen products.

Methods: 36 meat samples were collected from local markets in Nineveh Governorate. The contamination of various meat samples with enteric bacteria was assessed. The bacteria were subsequently isolated and identified using culture, microscopy, and biochemical techniques. Vitek-2 device was used to verify the diagnosis.

Results: All of the meats tested were contaminated with enteric bacteria to varied degrees. Fresh chicken meat had the highest rate of enteric bacterial infection, with a logarithm of 1.12*108   CFU/g. The frozen beef samples had the least contamination, with a logarithm of 7.4*104 CFU/g. The results revealed that 57 isolates from the intestine family bacteria included 13 species: C. freundii, C. koseri, E. coli, Enterobacter spp., K. oxytoca, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris, P. stuartii, S. paratyphi A, S. typhi, Shigella spp., and Y. enterocolitica. E. coli was found in the most meat varieties analyzed, accounting for 19% of the total.

Conclusions: Because it is evident that meat can be contaminated with a wide variety of hazardous bacteria, basic hygiene procedures help to decrease the amount of contaminated microbes.
Effects of Communication Barriers on Adoption of Climate Smart Agriculture Technologies in Kenya: A Case of Agro-pastoralists in West Pokot County
Authors: Maritim F. C. , Kuto V. , Njoroge F. , Kashara E.
Published: September 2022

Over the last two decades, agricultural researchers have been developing technology-based systems to aid farmers in various aspects of farming. However, information about these agricultural research technologies has not been effectively disseminated to farmers, thus, low uptake of agricultural technologies among farmers. In Kenya, one of the major factors identified to contribute to the low uptake of agricultural technologies among farmers is communication barriers among agricultural researchers, policy makers, value chain actors, and farmers concerning the availability, applicability, and how to adopt the agricultural technologies for high production. The general objective of this study, therefore, was to explore how barriers to communication influenced the uptake of climate-smart technologies among farmers in West Pokot County, Kenya. The study employed a Pragmatism approach, specifically sequential QUAN→QUAL mixed method. The target population of the study looked at the entire group of objects having common observable characteristics and a population that tends to have a wide geographical spread but not the total or universal population. The population sample was therefore based on practice, the expense of data collection, and the need to have sufficient statistical power, precision level, the level of confidence of risk, and the variability degree in the attributes being measured. This sample size of farmers from West Pokot who participated in this study, therefore, was 494 farmers and 29 selected key informants from various agricultural institutions. Procedures of sampling were used at a characteristic level of a material specification or task list. Cluster random sampling and purposive sampling methods were used to select the respondents for the study. Farmers were grouped into four clusters based on the four Sub-Counties of West Pokot County. The selected key informants were assumed to have adequate experience in matters communication of agricultural information towards successful uptake of climate-smart agriculture in West Pokot County. The administration of questions guided by questionnaires through an online data kit app and conducting of in-depth interviews guides. Data collected through questionnaires was quantitative (closed-ended) with a few qualitative (open-ended) questions. One of the results showed that major barriers are the language barrier, poor road network, and poor telecommunications infrastructure.
Association of Unhealthy Lifestyle and Childhood Adversity With Acceleration of Aging Among UK Biobank Participants
Authors: Yang Gan , Cao Xingqi , Li Xueqin , Zhang Jingyun , Ma Chao , Zhang Ning , Lu Qingyun , Crimmins Eileen M. , Gill Thomas M. , Chen Xi , Liu Zuyun
Published: September 2022

Importance

Accelerated aging makes adults more vulnerable to chronic diseases and death. Whether childhood adversity is associated with accelerated aging processes, and to what extent lifestyle mediates the association, remain unknown.

Objective

To examine the associations of childhood adversity with a phenotypic aging measure and the role of unhealthy lifestyle in mediating these associations.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted using data from adult participants in the UK Biobank baseline survey (2006-2010) and online mental health survey (2016). Data analysis was performed from September 1, 2021, to February 28, 2022.

Exposures

Childhood adversity, including physical neglect, emotional neglect, sexual abuse, physical abuse, and emotional abuse, was assessed retrospectively through the online mental health survey (2016).

Main Outcomes and Measures

A phenotypic aging measure, phenotypic age acceleration, was calculated, with higher values indicating accelerated aging. Body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and diet were combined to construct an unhealthy lifestyle score (range, 0-5, with higher scores denoting a more unhealthy lifestyle).

Results

A total of 127 495 participants aged 40 to 69 years (mean [SD] chronological age at baseline, 56.4 [7.7] years; 70 979 women [55.7%]; 123 987 White participants [97.2%]) were included. Each individual type of childhood adversity and cumulative childhood adversity score were associated with phenotypic age acceleration. For instance, compared with participants who did not experience childhood adversity, those who experienced 4 (β = 0.296, 95% CI, 0.130-0.462) or 5 (β = 0.833; 95% CI, 0.537-1.129) childhood adversities had higher phenotypic age acceleration in fully adjusted models. The formal mediation analysis revealed that unhealthy lifestyle partially mediated the associations of childhood adversity with phenotypic age acceleration by 11.8% to 42.1%.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this retrospective cohort study, childhood adversity was significantly associated with acceleration of aging and, more importantly, unhealthy lifestyle partially mediated these associations. These findings reveal a pathway from childhood adversity to health in middle and early older adulthood through lifestyle and underscore the potential of more psychological strategies beyond lifestyle interventions to promote healthy aging.
The WillS of Words: An Alsop Mediagraphy
Authors: Garcia Mark
Published: September 2022

There were many Alsops: painter, sculptor, writer, impresario and lecturer/design tutor. Mark Garcia discusses the chameleon aspects of Alsop's oeuvre and his attitude to architectural theory. He tries to unravel these renegade ‘Wills’ and ultimately celebrates the dexterity of Alsop's thought patterns and creative output.
The Effect of Graphene Ultrasonic Coating on Recycled Rubber
Authors: Marsico Maria Rosaria , Londoño Monsalve Julián Mauricio , Lu Li , Craciun Monica F.
Published: September 2022

Herein, the mechanical behavior of a graphene‐recycled rubber compound is investigated by performing static and dynamic tests. Water‐based graphene suspension is deposited on recycled rubber pads via an electrostatic addition process. Results on tensile and compression tests indicate a significant improvement of the compound in strength and in damping. They also indicate that the compound experiences significant elongation (up to 500%) as well as withstands high tensile forces, 300% greater than the force that the recycled rubber mix would withstand. The effective compression modulus of the compound is also shown to increase by about 3.2 times at 10% strain with respect to the one for the recycled rubber mix. Results suggest that the graphene‐recycled rubber compound can deliver a sustainable solution for vibration mitigation applications.
A Catalytic Immune Activator Based on Magnetic Nanoparticles to Reprogram the Immunoecology of Breast Cancer from “Cold” to “Hot” State
Authors: Wang Shuren , Wang Zhiyi , Li Ziyuan , Xu Junjie , Meng Xiangxi , Zhao Zijing , Hou Yanglong
Published: September 2022

Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) as “cold” tumor is characterized by severe immunosuppression of the tumor microenvironment (TME). To effectively activate the immune response of TNBC, a new kind of therapy strategy called cancer catalytic immunotherapy is proposed based on magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) as immune activators. Utilizing the weak acidity and excessive hydrogen peroxide of TME, these magnetic NPs can release ferrous ions to promote Fenton reaction, leading to abundant ·OH and reactive oxygen species (ROS) for ultimately killing cancer cells. Mechanistically, these magnetic NPs activate the ROS‐related signaling pathway to generate more ROS. Meanwhile, these magnetic NPs with unique immunological properties can promote the maturation of dendritic cells and the polarization of macrophages from M2 to M1, resulting in the infiltration of more T cells to reprogram the immunoecology of TNBC from “cold” to “hot” state. Besides directly affecting immune cells, these magnetic NPs can also affect the secretion of some immune‐related cytokines by cancer cells, to further indirectly activate the immune response. In conclusion, these catalytic immune activators are designed to achieve the synergistic treatment of chemodynamic therapy‐enhanced immunotherapy guided by computed tomography (CT)/near‐infrared region‐II (NIR‐II) dual‐mode imaging, providing a new strategy for TNBC treatment.
Thermal Management in Neuromorphic Materials, Devices, and Networks
Authors: Torres Felipe , Basaran Ali C. , Schuller Ivan K.
Published: September 2022

Machine learning has experienced unprecedented growth in recent years, often referred to as an “artificial intelligence revolution.” Biological systems inspire the fundamental approach for this new computing paradigm: using neural networks to classify large amounts of data into sorting categories. Current machine‐learning schemes implement simulated neurons and synapses on standard computers based on a von Neumann architecture. This approach is inefficient in energy consumption, and thermal management, motivating the search for hardware‐based systems that imitate the brain. Here, the present state of thermal management of neuromorphic computing technology and the challenges and opportunities of the energy‐efficient implementation of neuromorphic devices are considered. The main features of brain‐inspired computing and quantum materials for implementing neuromorphic devices are briefly described, the brain criticality and resistive switching‐based neuromorphic devices are discussed, the energy and electrical considerations for spiking‐based computation are presented, the fundamental features of the brain's thermal regulation are addressed, the physical mechanisms for thermal management and thermoelectric control of materials and neuromorphic devices are analyzed, and challenges and new avenues for implementing energy‐efficient computing are described.
Ratiometric Raman and Luminescent Thermometers Constructed from Dysprosium Thiocyanidometallate Molecular Magnets
Authors: Kumar Kunal , Stefanczyk Olaf , Chorazy Szymon , Nakabayashi Koji , Ohkoshi Shin‐ichi
Published: September 2022

Molecular crystals acting as temperature sensors, designed for multiple measurement techniques, can be a promising pathway for self‐calibrating thermometers. The molecular assemblies [DyxIIIY1–xIII(phen)2(μ‐OH)2(H2O)2]·[AuI(SCN)2]2·phen·0.5MeCN·0.5H2O (x = 0, 0.1, 0.02; phen = 1,10‐phenanthroline) which contain weakly bonded lanthanide(III) and Au(I) metal complexes are reported. They have Raman scattering in the low‐frequency (LF) region with sharp peaks, one of the prerequisites to design Raman thermometers. The Raman thermometric behaviors are characterized by three vibrational bands, and their thermal sensitivity is compared with their emission thermometric ability. The LF phonon linked with the Au···Au vibration helps increase the thermometric sensitivity of emission and Raman thermometers. Additionally, magnetically diluted complexes containing both Dy3+ and Y3+ ions are prepared to demonstrate the effect of temperature sensing capability through Raman and emission spectroscopy among isostructural mixed‐metal materials. Compounds are immersed inside various benchtop solvents to unravel the robustness and functioning of Raman thermometers. Furthermore, they reveal single‐molecule magnet properties, which disclose the effect of LF phonons on the spin relaxation process. Therefore, the reported molecular materials are Raman and luminescent thermometers, and they contain a molecular magnetic center with thiocyanidoaurate ions playing a critical role due to their emissive and Raman activities.
A Combination Therapy Using Electrical Stimulation and Adaptive, Conductive Hydrogels Loaded with Self‐Assembled Nanogels Incorporating Short Interfering RNA Promotes the Repair of Diabetic Chronic Wounds
Authors: Lei Huan , Fan Daidi
Published: September 2022

In addition to oxidative stress and impaired angiogenesis, the overexpression of metalloproteinases (MMPs) and proinflammatory cytokines, which are promoted by hyperglycemia, causes chronic inflammation in diabetic wounds. Herein, TA‐siRNA nanogels are prepared for the first time on the basis of the self‐assembling interaction between tannic acid (TA) and short interfering RNA (siRNA). The efficient, biodegradable nanogels are cross‐linked with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), human‐like collagen (HLC), TA, and borax to prepare adaptive, conductive PHTB (TA‐siRNA) hydrogels. In response to high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the ROS‐responsive borate ester bonds in the hydrogels are oxidized and broken, and TA‐siRNA nanogels are released into cells to reduce the expression of the MMP‐9. Moreover, the TA and HLC promote collagen expression, reduce inflammation, and ROS level. It is found that electrical stimulation (ES) promotes the in vivo release of TA‐siRNA nanogels from PHTB (TA‐siRNA) hydrogels and endocytosis of the nanogels. The combination therapy using ES and PHTB (TA‐siRNA) hydrogels accelerates the healing of diabetic wounds by reducing the levels of ROS and MMP‐9 and promoting the polarization of macrophages, production of collagen, and angiogenesis. This study provides insights on the design of functional gene‐delivery and efficient therapeutic strategies to promote the repair of diabetic chronic wounds.
Liquid Metal‐Elastomer Composites with Dual‐Energy Transmission Mode for Multifunctional Miniature Untethered Magnetic Robots
Authors: Zhang Jiachen , Soon Ren Hao , Wei Zihan , Hu Wenqi , Sitti Metin
Published: September 2022

Miniature untethered robots attract growing interest as they have become more functional and applicable to disruptive biomedical applications recently. Particularly, the soft ones among them exhibit unique merits of compliance, versatility, and agility. With scarce onboard space, these devices mostly harvest energy from environment or physical fields, such as magnetic and acoustic fields and patterned lights. In most cases, one device only utilizes one energy transmission mode (ETM) in powering its activities to achieve programmed tasks, such as locomotion and object manipulation. But real‐world tasks demand multifunctional devices that require more energy in various forms. This work reports a liquid metal‐elastomer composite with dual‐ETM using one magnetic field for miniature untethered multifunctional robots. The first ETM uses the low‐frequency (<100 Hz) field component to induce shape‐morphing, while the second ETM employs energy transmitted via radio‐frequency (20 kHz–300 GHz) induction to power onboard electronics and generate excess heat, enabling new capabilities. These new functions do not disturb the shape‐morphing actuated using the first ETM. The reported material enables the integration of electric and thermal functionalities into soft miniature robots, offering a wealth of inspirations for multifunctional miniature robots that leverage developments in electronics to exhibit usefulness beyond self‐locomotion.