bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERFIL DOS MEDICAMENTOS PSICOATIVOS DISPENSADOS NA FARMÁCIA BÁSICA MUNICIPAL DE JI-PARANÁ, RONDÔNIA
Authors: Dos Santos Priscilla Agostinho , Valiatti Tiago Barcelos , Salvi Jeferson De Oliveira
Published: January 2018

Psicofármacos modificam seletivamente o Sistema Nervoso Central promovendo alterações no comportamento e no humor. O presente estudo objetivou caracterizar o perfil dos principais psicoativos dispensados na farmácia básica de um município de Ji-Paraná, Rondônia. Realizou-se um estudo transversal por meio do levantamento de dados junto ao sistema Hórus, considerando a análise do período compreendido entre 2013 e 2015. O princípio ativo mais dispensado foi a carbamazepina, seguida pela amitriptilina, fluoxetina, clonazepam e biperideno. A fluoxetina obteve o maior aumento proporcional, seguida pelo clonazepam e pela amitriptilina, tais elevações foram significativas e estiveram associadas com o aumento do número de usuários (p0,05). Embora não haja confirmação do uso concomitante por algum dos usuários, todos os fármacos relacionados apresentam potencial para interações medicamentosas entre si, além de requererem cuidados especiais com outras substâncias. A importância do profissional farmacêutico está pautada na gestão dos cuidados durante a dispensação por meio da prestação de esclarecimentos técnicos para os usuários, da observação dos efeitos adversos e interações medicamentosas, contribuindo com uma farmacoterapia racional.
PERFIL DE PRESCRIÇÃO E DE UTILIZAÇÃO DE MEDICAMENTOS NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA À SAÚDE EM PIRAÍ (RJ)
Authors: Soler Orenzio
Published: January 2018

Estudos de Utilização de Medicamentos compreendem a comercialização, distribuição, prescrição, dispensação e uso dos medicamentos em uma sociedade, com enfoque especial em suas consequências médico-sanitárias, sociais e econômicas. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido no contexto do Programa de Educação pelo Trabalho em Saúde do Ministério da Saúde, visando fortalecer o processo de aprendizagem sobre a Assistência Farmacêutica na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Investigou-se o perfil da prescrição e da utilização de medicamentos na população urbana e rural atendidas pela Estratégia Saúde da Família no município de Piraí (RJ). Trata-se de um estudo de corte-transversal por meio de inquérito domiciliar tendo como recorte temporal o período de agosto de 2010 a julho de 2011. Tem-se como resultado a prevalência da prescrição e da utilização de medicamentos atendidas pela Estratégia Saúde da Família aplicados em 647 domicílios, perfazendo um total de 1805 entrevistas. Conclui-se que a prescrição e utilização de medicamentos não atende aos princípios da racionalidade do uso de medicamentos.
ANÁLISE DA FRAGILIDADE AMBIENTAL NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIBEIRÃO DOURADINHO, SUDOESTE DE GOIÁS
Authors: Alves Wellmo Dos Santos , Martins Alécio Perini , Dos Santos Ana Karoline Ferreira , Borges de Moura Derick Martins
Published: January 2018

Compreender a fragilidade ambiental de uma bacia hidrográfica é essencial para avaliar como as características físicas e antrópicas estão interferindo no equilíbrio dinâmico de seu ambiente. Diante disso, esse trabalho objetivou analisar a fragilidade ambiental da bacia hidrográfica do ribeirão Douradinho (GO), sub-bacia da bacia hidrográfica do rio São Tomás, inserida no Sudoeste de Goiás, microrregião destaque na produção agropecuária. O estudo teve como base a metodologia proposta por Ross (1994), que usa como indicadores de fragilidade ambiental a declividade, tipos de solos, erosividade, uso da terra e cobertura vegetal. Os produtos cartográficos foram elaborados a partir de dados de sensoriamento remoto e técnica de geoprocessamento. Como resultados foram verificadas áreas com classes de fragilidade potencial:muito baixa (28,68%) e baixa (71,32%); e classes de fragilidade emergente:muito baixa (3,19%), baixa (42,42%) e média (54,38%). Na área de média fragilidade emergente, associada ao manejo inadequado do solo, foi constatada erosão laminar, ou seja, perda de solo, causando prejuízos ambientais e econômicos. Nota-se a necessidade de implementação de técnicas de manejo e conservação do solo adequadas dentro da bacia hidrográfica, protegendo os recursos naturais e promovendo a qualidade de vida.
BALANÇO HÍDRICO CLIMATOLÓGICO E EROSIVIDADE DO PARQUE NACIONAL DA SERRA DA CAPIVARA E ENTORNO, PIAUÍ, BRASIL
Authors: Sabóia de Aquino Cláudia Maria , Bezerra de Oliveira José Gerardo
Published: January 2018

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar o balanço hídrico climatológico e ainda estimar a erosividade da chuva no Parque Nacional da Serra da Capivara e seu Entorno, considerando o período de 1965 a 1985. O balanço hídrico climatológico realizado para a área de estudo indica um clima semiárido, com predomínio de déficit hídrico e uma irregular distribuição das chuvas, concentradas entre 3 a 4 meses. Os valores de erosividade evidenciaram predomínio de suscetibilidade a erosão de moderada a muito alta. O conjunto destas informações exige o monitoramento e a analise de outras variáveis a exemplo das tipologias de solo, de relevo e de cobertura vegetal para a área em uma perspectiva integrada de modo a uma maior compreensão dos processos envolvidos na evolução e dinâmica da paisagem do Parque Nacional da Serra da Capivara e seu Entorno.
Contentious Spectacle: Negotiated Authenticity within Morocco’s Gnawa Ritual
Authors: Witulski Christopher
Published: January 2018

Recent changes to the gnawa ritual’s musical practices in Morocco leave many in the community nostalgic for the previous generation’s aesthetic and ideological tastes. Nostalgia in this case emanates from a confluence of performance practice and audience expectation, resulting in different potential “experiences of authenticity.” The wide range of nostalgic authenticities available to the gnawa community are due, in part, to a set of overlapping conceptions of authenticity itself. Questions of lineage, piety, and commercial success orient debates about the appropriateness of contemporary musical and ritual practices, exposing the diversity of ideologies that pepper the community.
The Influence of International Education Accreditation on a Graduate Health and Hospital Program
Authors: Alonazi Wadi B.
Published: January 2018

The overriding objective was to compare the influence of Assurance of Learning (AoL), on several graduate students’ pedagogical outcomes before and after an international accreditation program. A self-administered questionnaire was employed to collect data from subjects enrolled in a graduate program. Out of 122 graduate students who voluntarily participated in the pretest (2015), only 88 students participated in the posttest (2017). Overall, the students expressed effective AoL in many pedagogical outcomes based on the post-accreditation process. A high positive correlation was observed between the overall effectiveness of AoL and communication skills (r = 0.875, p = 0.01). Of the pre-accredited group, 56.2% reported effective AoL outcomes; this percentage increased to 77.8%. The pretest and posttest results indicated significant differences in AoL (p < 0.01). Health programs accreditation provides effective outcomes on academic as well as personal leadership levels. Continuous implementation and assessment of AoL must be monitored periodically to ensure its successful contribution to health programs and business schools.
The Cases Study of “One Belt and One Road” and “Made in China 2025” Impact on the Development of Taiwan’s Machine Tool Industry
Authors: Chen Jui-Lung
Published: January 2018

The research takes Taiwan's machine tool industry as the research subject, and gains an insight into the possible impacts of “Industry 4.0”, “Belt and Road Initiative” as well as “Made in China 2025” on the development of machine tool industry in Taiwan. Lastly, it is hoped that the machine tool makers in Taiwan will be able to develop and grasp market trends in line with their needs and the status quo in order to achieve direct and indirect operational results. Based on the research results, this research will propose conclusions and provide relevant recommendations on specific and substantial business improvement and policy formulation for the machine tool industry, relevant government agencies and academic research.
WSN Node Positioning and Mathematics Modeling Based on Genetic Method
Authors: Liu Xiaoyang , Liu Hengyang , Luo Ya , Liu Chao
Published: January 2018

Node positioning is a basic but important research direction in wireless sensor networks. In practical applications, sensor nodes are mostly randomly deployed, and the distribution is often uneven. There is a low positioning accuracy of nodes in wireless sensor network iterative positioning algorithm. Aiming at the problem of traditional localization algorithm, a new localization algorithm is proposed based on genetic method in this paper. The algorithm uses the genetic model to obtain the node velocity and orientation information, then according to the node's historical trajectory of time series we can get accurate sampling region that can get the high quality sample points which is closer to the unknown node. Simulation results show that the performance of proposed algorithm is superior to the traditional algorithms.
A Study on Developing Learning Strategies in Violin Education
Authors: Afacan Senol , Cilden Seyda
Published: January 2018

This study was conducted for the purpose of developing a valid and reliable learning strategies scale for students receiving violin education in Departments of Music at Fine Arts High Schools. The scale was applied to 391 violin students receiving education in the 11th and 12th grades in Departments of Music at Fine Arts High Schools in the provinces of Ankara, Eskişehir, Kayseri, Konya, Kırıkkale, Sivas, Niğde, Adana, Mersin, Isparta, Hatay, Osmaniye, İzmir, Aydın, Denizli, Kütahya, Manisa, Muğla, Bursa, İstanbul, Balıkesir, Çanakkale, Edirne, Tekirdağ, Samsun, Trabzon, Ordu, Bolu, Tokat, Malatya, Erzurum and Van. The 5-point Likert scale consists of 67 items. The data obtained after applying the scale were transferred to the SPSS Package Software. Explanatory factor analysis was then carried out on the basis of the data. As a result of the explanatory factor analysis, it was determined that the scale had six factors. In addition, the Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.966.
Pensar el sorteo. Modos de selección, marcos deliberativos y principios democráticos
Authors: Courant Dimitri
Published: January 2018

¿Cómo pensar el sorteo con eficacia? Mi propuesta es construir una teoría general del sorteo, abordándolo de forma comparativa, para averiguar cuáles son las constantes teóricas entre la gran diversidad empírica de sus usos particulares.

En primer lugar, comparo el sorteo a los otros tres modos de selección: elección, nombramiento o cooptación y certificación. En segundo lugar, analizo los marcos deliberativos, es decir, “quién decide qué y cómo”. Tercero, distingo cuatro principios democráticos del sorteo: igualdad, imparcialidad, representatividad y legitimidad. Mi primera hipótesis es que el sorteo amplía considerablemente la igualdad, imparcialidad y representatividad. La segunda de mis hipótesis radica en que el sorteo es el único método de selección con una forma específica de humildad-legitimidad, mientras que los tres restantes modos de selección producen una superioridad-legitimidad que declara superior al representante por encima del representado a través del proceso de selección.

How could we be thinking sortition efficiently? My proposal is to construct a general theory of sortition in a comparative approach. A broad study seems necessary in order to grasp the theoretical constants, despite the empirical diversity of sortition concrete uses. 

First, I shall compare sortition to the three other selection modes: election, nomination and certification. Second, I will analyse the deliberative frameworks, that is to say “who decides what how”. Third, I will distinguish four democratic principles of sortition: equality, impartiality, representativeness and legitimacy. My first research hypothesis is that sortition is likely to offer a greater equality, impartiality and representativeness. My second hypothesis is that sortition is the only method of selection producing a specific form, a humility-legitimacy when the three other selection modes are producing a superiority-legitimacy, where the principal is declared superior to the agent through the selection process.
Sacred and Profane. Essential ambiguity and vital necessity of the Sacred.
Authors: Ferrarotti Franco
Published: January 2018

In a situation in which the market economy is regarded as so important and decisive as to induce the emergence of a market society, the notion of the «sacred» becomes essential. The market is perfectly legitimate as a forum of negotiations, but it has a purely instrumental value. A market society is a contradiction in terminis. Only the concept of the Sacred, despite its ambiguity, can preserve and enhance the final values on which a society is built (justice, love, human recognition, interpersonal dialogue).
Taking a Stand through Digital Games - An empirical procedure among consciousness, learning and participation
Authors: Gandolfi Enrico
Published: January 2018

The article focuses on an empirical procedure aimed to harness digital games in exploring sensible issues in social research. By merging qualitative and creative methods and taking into account suggestions from Sociology, Media Studies, and Game Studies, the suggested approach combines single interviews, focus groups and participative design exercises according to a creative learning path. In order to put its effectiveness to the test, four groups of players (N: 20) with different attitudes toward play were recruited for addressing the theme of sustainability. The digital games Crusader Kings 2 and Sid Meier’s Alpha Centauri were selected as facilitating tools due to the related pertinence. Results show an increment of consciousness and awareness about the topic and a noteworthy potential in engaging subjects and stimulating their feedback in empirical investigations. In turn, some limits emerged to the extent that further interventions are required to stress and relativize the proposal.
FUSTr: a tool to find gene families under selection in transcriptomes
Authors: Cole T. Jeffrey , Brewer Michael S.
Published: January 2018

Background

The recent proliferation of large amounts of biodiversity transcriptomic data has resulted in an ever-expanding need for scalable and user-friendly tools capable of answering large scale molecular evolution questions. FUSTr identifies gene families involved in the process of adaptation. This is a tool that finds genes in transcriptomic datasets under strong positive selection that automatically detects isoform designation patterns in transcriptome assemblies to maximize phylogenetic independence in downstream analysis.

Results

When applied to previously studied spider transcriptomic data as well as simulated data, FUSTr successfully grouped coding sequences into proper gene families as well as correctly identified those under strong positive selection in relatively little time.

Conclusions

FUSTr provides a useful tool for novice bioinformaticians to characterize the molecular evolution of organisms throughout the tree of life using large transcriptomic biodiversity datasets and can utilize multi-processor high-performance computational facilities.
Expression status and clinical significance of lncRNA APPAT in the progression of atherosclerosis
Authors: Meng Fanming , Yan Jie , Ma Qiongshan , Jiao Yunjuan , Han Luyang , Xu Jing , Yang Fan , Liu Junwen
Published: January 2018

Background

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to modulate cardiovascular diseases, and expression dynamics of lncRNAs in the bloodstream were proposed to be potential biomarkers for clinical diagnosis. However, few cardiovascular diseases-related circulating lncRNAs were identified and their prediction power has not been investigated in depth. Here we report a new circulating lncRNA, atherosclerotic plaque pathogenesis associated transcript (APPAT), and evaluated its role and predicting ability in atherosclerotic development.

Methods

APPAT was analyzed and screened by high-throughput sequencing, and then detected in vitro and in vivo. Immunofluorescence-fluorescence in situ hybridization (IF-FISH) was utilized to explore distribution and subcellular location of APPAT. The expressing alteration of APPAT in samples of healthy and pathological coronary artery was explored further. We also assessed the level of circulating APPAT in blood samples from healthy individuals, and patients with angina pectoris (AP) or myocardial infarction (MI). Additionally, we predicted and validated microRNA targets of APPAT, then showed the expression level of a candidate target which was primarily measured in human VSMCs cell line, coronary artery, and blood samples. Lastly, we examined the potential indicating ability of APPAT for the risk of AP or MI.

Results

APPAT showed significant reduction in ox-LDL treated human VSMCs in vitro. It enriched in contractile VSMCs of artery tunica media and mainly existed in cytoplasm. Significant down-regulation of APPAT was found in coronary artery samples with severe stenosis. More importantly, we observed decreased expression of APPAT in blood samples accompanying disease progression. ROC and correlation analyses further verified the relatively high predicting ability of APPAT. We also observed the predicted miRNA exhibited opposite expression direction to that of APPAT.

Conclusions

This study revealed that circulating lncRNA-APPAT may perform an important function and have some indicating ability on the development of atherosclerosis.
Social network community structure and the contact-mediated sharing of commensalE. coliamong captive rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Balasubramaniam Krishna , Beisner Brianne , Guan Jiahui , Vandeleest Jessica , Fushing Hsieh , Atwill Edward , McCowan Brenda
Published: January 2018

In group-living animals, heterogeneity in individuals’ social connections may mediate the sharing of microbial infectious agents. In this regard, the genetic relatedness of individuals’ commensal gut bacteriumEscherichia colimay be ideal to assess the potential for pathogen transmission through animal social networks. Here we use microbial phylogenetics and population genetics approaches, as well as host social network reconstruction, to assess evidence for the contact-mediated sharing ofE. coliamong three groups of captively housed rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), at multiple organizational scales. For each group, behavioral data on grooming, huddling, and aggressive interactions collected for a six-week period were used to reconstruct social network communities via the Data Cloud Geometry (DCG) clustering algorithm. Further, anE. coliisolate was biochemically confirmed and genotypically fingerprinted from fecal swabs collected from each macaque. Population genetics approaches revealed that Group Membership, in comparison to intrinsic attributes like age, sex, and/or matriline membership of individuals, accounted for the highest proportion of variance inE. coligenotypic similarity. Social network approaches revealed that such sharing was evident at the community-level rather than the dyadic level. Specifically, although we found no links between dyadicE. colisimilarity and social contact frequencies, similarity was significantly greater among macaques within the same social network communities compared to those across different communities. Moreover, tests for one of our study-groups confirmed thatE. coliisolated from macaque rectal swabs were more genotypically similar to each other than they were to isolates from environmentally deposited feces. In summary, our results suggest that among frequently interacting, spatially constrained macaques with complex social relationships, microbial sharing via fecal-oral, social contact-mediated routes may depend on both individuals’ direct connections and on secondary network pathways that define community structure. They lend support to the hypothesis that social network communities may act as bottlenecks to contain the spread of infectious agents, thereby encouraging disease control strategies to focus on multiple organizational scales. Future directions includeincreasing microbial sampling effort per individual to better-detect dyadic transmission events, and assessments of the co-evolutionary links between sociality, infectious agent risk, and host immune function.
Alpha-actinin of the chlorarchiniophyteBigelowiella natans
Authors: Backman Lars
Published: January 2018

The genome of the chlorarchiniophyteBigelowiella natanscodes for a protein annotated as an α-actinin-like protein. Analysis of the primary sequence indicate that this protein has the same domain structure as other α-actinins, a N-terminal actin-binding domain and a C-terminal calmodulin-like domain. These two domains are connected by a short rod domain, albeit long enough to form a single spectrin repeat. To analyse the functional properties of this protein, the full-length protein as well as the separate domains were cloned and isolated. Characerisation showed that the protein is capable of cross-linking actin filaments into dense bundles, probably due to dimer formation. Similar to human α-actinin, calcium-binding occurs to the most N-terminal EF-hand motif in the calmodulin-like C-terminal domain. The results indicate that thisBigelowiellaprotein is a proper α-actinin, with all common characteristics of a typical α-actinin.
Strength Estimation for Hydrate‐Bearing Sediments From Direct Shear Tests of Hydrate‐Bearing Sand and Silt
Authors: Liu Zhichao , Dai Sheng , Ning Fulong , Peng Li , Wei Houzhen , Wei Changfu
Published: January 2018

Safe and economic methane gas production, as well as the replacement of methane while sequestering carbon in natural hydrate deposits, requires enhanced geomechanical understanding of the strength and volume responses of hydrate‐bearing sediments during shear. This study employs a custom‐made apparatus to investigate the mechanical and volumetric behaviors of carbon dioxide hydrate‐bearing sediments subjected to direct shear. The results show that both peak and residual strengths increase with increased hydrate saturation and vertical stress. Hydrate contributes mainly the cohesion and dilatancy constraint to the peak strength of hydrate‐bearing sediments. The postpeak strength reduction is more evident and brittle in specimens with higher hydrate saturation and under lower stress. Significant strength reduction after shear failure is expected in silty sediments with high hydrate saturation Sh ≥ 0.65. Hydrate contribution to the residual strength is mainly by increasing cohesion at low hydrate saturation and friction at high hydrate saturation. Stress state and hydrate saturation are dominating both the stiffness and the strength of hydrate‐bearing sediments; thus, a wave velocity‐based peak strength prediction model is proposed and validated, which allows for precise estimation of the shear strength of hydrate‐bearing sediments through acoustic logging data. This method is advantageous to geomechanical simulators, particularly when the experimental strength data of natural samples are not available.
Space Weather in the Machine Learning Era: A Multidisciplinary Approach
Authors: Camporeale E. , Wing S. , Johnson J. , Jackman C. M. , McGranaghan R.
Published: January 2018

The workshop entitled Space Weather: A Multidisciplinary Approach took place at the Lorentz Center, University of Leiden, Netherlands, on 25–29 September 2017. The aim of this workshop was to bring together members of the Space Weather, Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science communities to address the use of advanced techniques such as Machine Learning, Information Theory, and Deep Learning, to better understand the Sun‐Earth system and to improve space weather forecasting. Although individual efforts have been made toward this goal, the community consensus is that establishing interdisciplinary collaborations is the most promising strategy for fully utilizing the potential of these advanced techniques in solving Space Weather‐related problems.
State estimation of system with bounded uncertain parameters: Interval multimodel approach
Authors: Ichalal Dalil , Marx Benoît , Maquin Didier , Ragot José
Published: January 2018

The objective of this study is the analysis of dynamic systems represented by a multimodel expression with variable parameters. Changes in these parameters are unknown but bounded. Since it is not possible to estimate these parameters over time, the simulation of such systems requires the consideration of all possible values taken by these parameters. More precisely, the goal is to determine, at any moment, the smallest set containing all the possible values of the state vector simultaneously compatible with the state equations and with a priori known bounds of the uncertain parameters. This set will be characterized by two trajectories corresponding to the lower and upper limits of the state at every moment. This characterization can be realized by a direct simulation of the system, given the bounds of its parameters. It can also be implemented with a Luenberger‐type observer, fed with the system measurements.
A Novel Hydrogel Surface Grafted With Dual Functional Peptides for Sustaining Long‐Term Self‐Renewal of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Manipulating Their Osteoblastic Maturation
Authors: Deng Yi , Wei Shicheng , Yang Lei , Yang Weizhong , Dargusch Matthew S. , Chen Zhi‐Gang
Published: January 2018

Realizing the clinical potential of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) in bone regenerative medicine requires the development of safe and chemically defined biomaterials for expansion of hiPSCs followed by directing their lineage commitment to osteoblasts. In this study, novel multipurpose peptide‐presenting hydrogel surfaces are prepared on common tissue culture plates via carboxymethyl chitosan grafting and subsequent immobilization of two functional peptides allowing for in vitro feeder‐free culture, long‐term self‐renewal, and osteogenic induction of hiPSCs. After vitronectin (VN) peptide modification, the engineered surfaces facilitate adhesion, proliferation, colony formation, and the maintenance of pluripotency of hiPSCs up to passage 10 under fully defined conditions without Matrigel or protein coating. Further, this synthetic niche exhibits an appealing regulatory effect on the osteogenic conversion of hiPSCs to osteoblastic phenotype without an embryoid body formation step by co‐decoration of different ratios of VN and bone‐forming peptide. Such a well‐defined, xeno‐free 2D engineered microenvironment not only helps to accelerate the clinical development of hiPSCs, but also provides a safe and robust platform for the generation of osteoblast‐like cells or bone‐like tissues at different maturation levels. Thus, the strategy may hold great potential for application in cell therapy and bone tissue engineering.
Bottom‐Up Fabrication of Semiconductive Metal–Organic Framework Ultrathin Films
Authors: Rubio‐Giménez Víctor , Galbiati Marta , Castells‐Gil Javier , Almora‐Barrios Neyvis , Navarro‐Sánchez José , Escorcia‐Ariza Garin , Mattera Michele , Arnold Thomas , Rawle Jonathan , Tatay Sergio , Coronado Eugenio , Martí‐Gastaldo Carlos
Published: January 2018

Though generally considered insulating, recent progress on the discovery of conductive porous metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) offers new opportunities for their integration as electroactive components in electronic devices. Compared to classical semiconductors, these metal–organic hybrids combine the crystallinity of inorganic materials with easier chemical functionalization and processability. Still, future development depends on the ability to produce high‐quality films with fine control over their orientation, crystallinity, homogeneity, and thickness. Here self‐assembled monolayer substrate modification and bottom‐up techniques are used to produce preferentially oriented, ultrathin, conductive films of Cu‐CAT‐1. The approach permits to fabricate and study the electrical response of MOF‐based devices incorporating the thinnest MOF film reported thus far (10 nm thick).
Direct Synthesis of Primary Anilines via Nickel‐mediated C(sp2)‐H Aminations
Authors: Yu Lin , Chen Xiang , Liu Da , Hu Liang , Yu Yongqi , Huang Hang , Tan Ze , Gui Qingwen
Published: January 2018

An efficient and mild protocol for the direct conversion of arene C−H bonds to C−NH2 without the need for extra deprotection step has been established, and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the synthesis of primary anilines via nickel‐mediated C(sp2)‐H activations has been reported. This approach utilizes 8‐aminoquinoline as the directing group and sodium azide, a cheap and commercially available material, as the nitrogen source. In addition, the reaction is highly selective, affording the mono‐ortho‐aminated benzamides only. The reaction tolerates a broad range of substrates with diverse functional groups and the corresponding ortho‐aminated benzamides were efficiently synthesized in 41–82% yields.

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Pd‐tBuONO Cocatalyzed Aerobic Indole Synthesis
Authors: Ning Xiao‐Shan , Liang Xin , Hu Kang‐Fei , Yao Chuan‐Zhi , Qu Jian‐Ping , Kang Yan‐Biao
Published: January 2018

A Pd‐tBuONO co‐catalyzed scalable and practical synthesis of indoles with molecular oxygen as terminal oxidant is developed. Either terminal or internal 2‐vinylanilines could be smoothly converted to desired indoles under one general condition. This method has been evaluated in the large scale synthesis of indomethacin and a potential anti‐breast cancer drug candidate 1.

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Designing Safe Electrolyte Systems for a High‐Stability Lithium–Sulfur Battery
Authors: Chen Wei , Lei Tianyu , Wu Chunyang , Deng Min , Gong Chuanhui , Hu Kai , Ma Yinchang , Dai Liping , Lv Weiqiang , He Weidong , Liu Xuejun , Xiong Jie , Yan Chenglin
Published: January 2018

Safety, nontoxicity, and durability directly determine the applicability of the essential characteristics of the lithium (Li)‐ion battery. Particularly, for the lithium–sulfur battery, due to the low ignition temperature of sulfur, metal lithium as the anode material, and the use of flammable organic electrolytes, addressing security problems is of increased difficulty. In the past few years, two basic electrolyte systems are studied extensively to solve the notorious safety issues. One system is the conventional organic liquid electrolyte, and the other is the inorganic solid‐state or quasi‐solid‐state composite electrolyte. Here, the recent development of engineered liquid electrolytes and design considerations for solid electrolytes in tackling these safety issues are reviewed to ensure the safety of electrolyte systems between sulfur cathode materials and the lithium‐metal anode. Specifically, strategies for designing and modifying liquid electrolytes including introducing gas evolution, flame, aqueous, and dendrite‐free electrolytes are proposed. Moreover, the considerations involving a high‐performance Li+ conductor, air‐stable Li+ conductors, and stable interface performance between the sulfur cathode and the lithium anode for developing all‐solid‐state electrolytes are discussed. In the end, an outlook for future directions to offer reliable electrolyte systems is presented for the development of commercially viable lithium–sulfur batteries.
Decreased thermal sweating of central sudomotor mechanism in African and Korean men
Authors: Lee Jeong Beom , Kim Jeong Ho
Published: January 2018

Objective

Tropical natives sweat less and preserve more body fluid than temperate natives, tolerating heat stress. However, the mechanisms involved in such sweating reduction have not been fully elucidated. We examined the sudomotor responses of men of African (n = 36) and Korean (n = 41) ancestry during hot water (43 °C) leg immersion (central sudomotor response). Correlations between mean body temperature, basal metabolic rate (BMR), and sweat rate were also examined.

Methods

All procedures were done in an automated climate chamber. Local skin temperatures and BMR were measured and mean body temperature was calculated. Sweating activities which include evaporative loss rate, sweat onset time, sweat rate, sweat volume, and whole‐body sweat loss volume were examined.

Results

In the heat load test, Africans showed lower mean body and local skin temperatures than Koreans before and after heating. Before and after heating, BMR declined significantly in Africans, while that of Koreans declined less. Local sweat onset time increased more in Africans than in Koreans. Local evaporative loss rate, local sweat volume, local sweat rate, and whole body sweat loss volume were reduced in Africans compared with Koreans. There were positive associations of mean body temperature and resting BMR with mean sweat rate.

Conclusion

In conclusion, we observed a larger reduction of sudomotor activity in tropical Africans than in temperate Koreans, which was associated with their lower mean body temperature and lower resting BMR.
Intellectual disability and epilepsy due to the K/L‐mediated Xq28 duplication: Further evidence of a distinct, dosage‐dependent phenotype
Authors: Ward David Isum , Buckley Bethany A. , Leon Eyby , Diaz Jullianne , Galegos Margaret Faust , Hofherr Sean , Lewanda Amy Feldman
Published: January 2018

Copy number variants of the X‐chromosome are a common cause of X‐linked intellectual disability in males. Duplication of the Xq28 band has been known for over a decade to be the cause of the Lubs X‐linked Mental Retardation Syndrome (OMIM 300620) in males and this duplication has been narrowed to a critical region containing only the genes MECP2 and IRAK1. In 2009, four families with a distal duplication of Xq28 not including MECP2 and mediated by low‐copy repeats (LCRs) designated “K” and “L” were reported with intellectual disability and epilepsy. Duplication of a second more distal region has been described as the cause of the Int22h‐1/Int22h‐2 Mediated Xq28 Duplication Syndrome, characterized by intellectual disability, psychiatric problems, and recurrent infections. We report two additional families possessing the K/L‐mediated Xq28 duplication with affected males having intellectual disability and epilepsy similar to the previously reported phenotype. To our knowledge, this is the second cohort of individuals to be reported with this duplication and therefore supports K/L‐mediated Xq28 duplications as a distinct syndrome.
Bi‐allelic mutations of CCDC88C are a rare cause of severe congenital hydrocephalus
Authors: Ruggeri Gaia , Timms Andrew E. , Cheng Chi , Weiss Avery , Kollros Peter , Chapman Teresa , Tully Hannah , Mirzaa Ghayda M.
Published: January 2018

Congenital or infantile hydrocephalus is caused by genetic and non‐genetic factors and is highly heterogeneous in etiology. In recent studies, a limited number of genetic causes of hydrocephalus have been identified. To date, recessive mutations in the CCDC88C gene have been identified as a cause of non‐syndromic congenital hydrocephalus in three reported families. Here, we report the fourth known family with two affected individuals with congenital hydrocephalus due to a homozygous mutation in the CCDC88C gene identified by whole exome sequencing. Our two newly described children, as well as the previously published ones, all shared several features including severe infantile‐onset hydrocephalus, mild to severe intellectual delay, varying degrees of motor delay, and infantile onset seizures. All identified homozygous mutations in CCDC88C abolish the PDZ binding site necessary for proper CCDC88C protein function in the Wnt signaling pathway. Our report further establishes CCDC88C as one of the few known recessive causes of severe prenatal‐onset hydrocephalus. Recognition of this syndrome has important diagnostic and genetic implications for families identified in the future.
CO2‐ausgelöste schaltbare Hydrophilie von heterogen konjugierten Polymerphotokatalysatoren für verbesserte katalytische Aktivität in Wasser
Authors: Byun Jeehye , Huang Wei , Wang Di , Li Run , Zhang Kai A. I.
Published: January 2018

Zahlreiche aktuelle Studien befassen sich mit wasserlöslichen, heterogenen Photokatalysatoren für Energie‐ und Umweltanwendungen. Ein Problem dieser Systeme ist jedoch, dass normalerweise ein Kompromiss zwischen der Hydrophilie und der Wiederverwendbarkeit der Photokatalysatoren eingegangen werden muss. In dieser Studie stellen wir konjugierte Polymerphotokatalysatoren mit tertiären terminalen Aminen vor, die reversibel CO2 binden und somit eine veränderbare Hydrophilie aufweisen können. Die durch die CO2‐Bindung ausgelöste Hydrophilie verstärkt die photokatalytische Effizienz des Polymerphotokatalysators in wässrigen Lösungen. Wird CO2 desorbiert, kann der Photokatalysator unter einfachsten Bedingungen aus dem Reaktionsmedium regeneriert werden, wodurch der Katalysator wiederverwendbar wird. Die Kontrolle über die hydrophilen/hydrophoben Eigenschaften des Katalysators wurde anhand verschiedener organischer Photoredox‐Reaktionen, die durch Bestrahlung mit sichtbarem Licht ausgelöst werden, in wässrigem Medium demonstriert.
Organic Microcrystal Vibronic Lasers with Full‐Spectrum Tunable Output beyond the Franck–Condon Principle
Authors: Dong Haiyun , Zhang Chunhuan , Liu Yuan , Yan Yongli , Hu Fengqin , Zhao Yong Sheng
Published: January 2018

The very broad emission bands of organic semiconductor materials are, in theory, suitable for achieving versatile solid‐state lasers; however, most of organic materials only lase at short wavelength corresponding to the 0–1 transition governed by the Franck–Condon (FC) principle. A strategy is developed to overcome the limit of FC principle for tailoring the output of microlasers over a wide range based on the controlled vibronic emission of organic materials at microcrystal state. For the first time, the output wavelength of organic lasers is tailored across all vibronic (0–1, 0–2, 0–3, and even 0–4) bands spanning the entire emission spectrum.
Halogen Bonding in Solution: Anion Recognition, Templated Self‐Assembly, and Organocatalysis
Authors: Tepper Ronny , Schubert Ulrich S.
Published: January 2018

The halogen bond is a supramolecular interaction between a Lewis‐acidic region of a covalently bound halogen and a Lewis base. It has been studied widely in silico and experimentally in the solid state; however, solution‐phase applications have attracted enormous interest in the last few years. This Minireview highlights selected recent developments in halogen bond interactions in solution, with a focus on the use of receptors based on halogen bonds in anion recognition and sensing, anion‐templated self‐assembly, as well as in organocatalysis.
CO2‐Triggered Switchable Hydrophilicity of a Heterogeneous Conjugated Polymer Photocatalyst for Enhanced Catalytic Activity in Water
Authors: Byun Jeehye , Huang Wei , Wang Di , Li Run , Zhang Kai A. I.
Published: January 2018

Water compatibility for heterogeneous photocatalysts has been pursued for energy and environmental applications. However, there exists a trade‐off between hydrophilicity and recyclability of the photocatalyst. Herein, we report a conjugated polymer photocatalyst with tertiary amine terminals that reversibly binds CO2 in water, thereby generating switchable hydrophilicity. The CO2‐assisted hydrophilicity boosted the photocatalytic efficiency in aqueous medium with minimum dosage. When CO2 was desorbed, the photocatalyst could be simply regenerated from reaction media, facilitating the repeated use of photocatalyst. Hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity control of the polymer photocatalyst was successfully showcased through a variety of organic photoredox reactions under visible‐light irradiation in water.
Oxazolidine copper complexes: Synthesis, characterization and superoxide dismutase activity of copper(II) complexes with oxazolidine ligands derived from hydroxyquinoline carboxaldehyde
Authors: Ceolin Joice , Siqueira Josiéli Demetrio , Martins Francisco Mainardi , Piquini Paulo C. , Iglesias Bernardo A. , Back Davi F. , Manzoni de Oliveira Gelson
Published: January 2018

This work describes the synthesis of copper(II) complexes, their identification using spectroscopic and electrochemical methods, structural characterization with X‐ray diffraction and density functional theory calculations (DFT), as well as their catalytic activity mimicking that of superoxide dismutase. Structural analysis revealed the formation of complexes with cyclization of ligands L1 and L2 with the formation of a heterocycle, 1,3‐oxazolidine. The DFT calculations confirmed this trend by stabilizing with lower energy. In addition, evaluations of mimetic enzymatic activity of complexes C1, C2, C3 and C4 revealed promising IC50values compared to other results seen in the literature (IC50= 0.22, 0.328, 0.55 and 0.92). Also, calf thymus DNA interactive experiments using UV–visible spectroscopy were conducted in the presence of the copper(II) complexes.
Phosphorus‐nitrogen compounds. Part 39. Syntheses and Langmuir‐Blodgett thin films and antimicrobial activities of N/N and N/O spirocyclotriphosphazenes with monoferrocenyl pendant arm
Authors: Asmafiliz Nuran , Civan Mehmet , Özben Arda , Kılıç Zeynel , Ramazanoğlu Nagehan , Açık Leyla , Hökelek Tuncer
Published: January 2018

The Cl substitution reactions of the N/N (1‐3) and N/O (4 and 5) spirocyclic monoferrocenylphosphazenes with 1,4‐dioxa‐8‐azaspiro[4,5]decane (DASD) produce the mono‐ (1a‐5a), geminal‐ (1b‐5b) and tetrakis‐DASD‐substituted ferrocenylspirocyclotriphosphazenes (1c‐5c). The mono‐ and geminal‐DASD‐substituted phosphazenes have two and one stereogenic P‐centers, respectively. The structures of the compounds were established by spectroscopic techniques. The molecular structures of 3a and 2b were evaluated using X‐ray crystallography. Additionally, the ultrathin and highly ordered Langmuir‐Blodgett (LB) films of 3a and 2b were also prepared. The characterizations of the LB films were done using p‐polarized grazing angle (GAIR) and horizontal attenuated total reflectance (HATR) techniques. On the other hand, the antimicrobial activities of the eight phosphazene derivatives against G(+) and G(‐) bacteria and fungi were investigated. Furthermore, the interactions between the compounds and plasmid DNA were studied by agarose gel electrophoresis.
Green synthesis of Fe3O4@SiO2‐Ag magnetic nanocatalyst using safflower extract and its application as recoverable catalyst for reduction of dye pollutants in water
Authors: Mohammadi Pourya , Sheibani Hassan
Published: January 2018

This paper reports the green and in situ preparation of Fe3O4@SiO2‐Ag magnetic nanocatalyst synthesized using safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) flower extract without the addition of any stabilizers or surfactants. The catalytic performance of the resulting nanocatalyst was examined for the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP), methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) in an environment‐friendly medium at room temperature. The main factors such as pH, temperature and amount of catalyst influencing the nanocatalyst performance were studied. The apparent rate constants for 4‐NP, MO and MB reduction were calculated, being 0.756 min−1, 0.064 s−1 and 0.09 s−1, respectively. The catalyst was recovered using an external magnet and reused several times with negligible loss of catalytic activity. The as‐synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using powder X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, UV–visible, Fourier transform infrared and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopies, dynamic light scattering and vibrating sample magnetometry.
Organoselenium compounds containing pyrazole or phenylthiazole groups: Synthesis, structure, tin(IV) complexes and antiproliferative activity
Authors: Popa Roxana A. , Licarete Emilia , Banciu Manuela , Silvestru Anca
Published: January 2018

The diorganodiselenides (pzCH2CH2)2Se2 (1) and (PhtzCH2)2Se2 (2) were prepared by reacting Na2Se2 with 1‐(2‐bromoethyl)‐1H‐pyrazole and 4‐(chloromethyl)‐2‐phenylthiazole, respectively, while the reactions between 1‐(2‐bromoethyl)‐1H‐pyrazole or 4‐(chloromethyl)‐2‐phenylthiazole and the lithium organoselenolates [2‐(Et2NCH2)C6H4]SeLi and [2‐{O(CH2CH2)2NCH2}C6H4]SeLi in a 1:1 molar ratio resulted in the heteroleptic diorganoselenium(II) compounds [2‐(Et2NCH2)C6H4](R)Se (R = pzCH2CH2 (3) or PhtzCH2 (5)) and [2‐{O(CH2CH2)2NCH2}C6H4](R)Se (R = pzCH2CH2 (4) or PhtzCH2 (6)). The diorganotin(IV) bis(organoselenolato) derivatives of type R2Sn(SeCH2CH2pz)2 (R = 2‐(Me2NCH2)C6H4 (7) or Me (8)) were obtained by reacting (pzCH2CH2)SeNa with the appropriate diorganotin(IV)dichloride in a 2:1 molar ratio. All compounds were investigated using NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C, 77Se, 119Sn as appropriate) and ESI+ mass spectrometry. The molecular structures of 2 and 6 were determined using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The formation of a 10–Se–3 hypercoordinated species was evidenced for 6 in the solid state, as a consequence of the C,N coordination behaviour of the 2‐{O(CH2CH2)2NCH2}C6H4 group. Compounds 1, 7 and 8 were investigated for their antiproliferative activity towards the mouse colon carcinoma C26 cell line with the preliminary results showing a better activity than 5‐fluorouracil.
Au‐dimercaprol functionalized cellulose aerogel: Synthesis, characterization and catalytic application
Authors: Keshipour Sajjad , Khezerloo Masoumeh
Published: January 2018

A new derivative of cellulose aerogel was prepared via functionalization of cellulose with dimercaprol. Dimercaprol, as a chelating agent of Au(III), was applied for the loading of Au(III) on cellulose aerogel. The new organogold compound after characterization was used as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst in the oxidation reactions of aliphatic alcohols, benzyl alcohol, and ethylbenzene. Excellent selectivities and good conversions were obtained in the green oxidation reactions of alcohols and ethylbenzene. The high porosity of cellulose aerogel led to the good conversions with the low catalyst amounts. The significance of the presented work is the introducing of an environmentally benign process for the oxidation reactions based on a biocompatible catalyst.
Copper(I)‐catalyzed multicomponent reactions in sustainable media
Authors: Pawłowski Robert , Zaorska Ewelina , Staszko Sebastian , Szadkowska Anna
Published: January 2018

Multicomponent reactions including Biginelli reaction and A3 coupling are useful synthetic methodologies as they can provide valuable intermediates and building blocks for the synthesis of bioactive natural compounds. The heterocyclic products of these transformations represent antibacterial, antitumor or anti‐inflammatory properties. In presented study, copper‐mediated protocols for Biginelli reaction and A3 coupling in sustainable solvents were reported. At first, charged NHC copper complexes were synthesized in few steps and characterized using spectroscopic methods followed by preliminary activity tests in sustainable media. Later in this study, Biginelli reaction and A3 coupling were proceeded using prepared copper catalytic systems under mild conditions. Desired nitrogen‐bearing products were obtained with moderate to very high yields. Some attempts to recycle one of the received NHC copper initiators were also investigated.