bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does a Type of Inciting Antigen Correlate with the Presence of Lung Fibrosis in Patients with Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis?
Authors: Deutsch Kamila , Lewandowska Katarzyna B. , Kowalik Agata , Bartoszuk Iwona , Radwan-Röhrenschef Piotr , Sobiecka Małgorzata , Dybowska Małgorzata , Tomkowski Witold Z. , Szturmowicz Monika
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an interstitial inflammatory lung disease that develops as a result of exposition to various, mostly organic antigens. In some patients, fibrotic HP is diagnosed. Factors predisposing to the development of fibrotic lung disease in HP patients are not well documented in the literature. The genetic susceptibility of the patient, type of inciting antigen, and type of exposure, as well as various demographic and clinical variables, may influence the fibrotic process. Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the type of inciting antigen increases the risk of fibrotic lung disease in HP patients. Methods: Clinical data of consecutive patients with HP diagnosed between 2019 and 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. The exposition to the inciting antigens was investigated by the standardized questionnaire. Recent HP classification into fibrotic (fHP) and non-fibrotic (non-fHP) types was applied. Results: Sixty-six patients diagnosed with HP were analyzed. All patients filled out the exposure questionnaire, and 62 (94%) reported at least one possible exposure. The most prevalent exposures reported were avian, water systems, feather duvets, and hay/straw. Exposure to avian antigens as well as to coal/biomass heating were significantly more prevalent among patients with fHP compared to those with non-fHP (70% vs. 40%, p = 0.03 and 27% vs. 5%, p = 0.04, respectively). Nevertheless, in the multivariate analysis, older age at diagnosis was the only factor influencing the development of fHP (OR 1.064, 95% CI 1.004 to 1.138, p = 0.04). Reported avian antigen exposure correlated well with positive precipitins to avian antigens, whereas no correlation was found between hay/straw exposure and positive antibodies to termophilic actinomycetes. Conclusions: Exposure to birds and coal heating was the most frequently present factor in subjects with fHP, but only older age at diagnosis remained a significant fHP predictor in the multifactor analysis.
Transitions and Long-Term Clinical Outcomes in Patients Admitted in Intensive Care Units Receiving Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
Authors: Valdenebro María , Portoles Jose , Serrano Salazar María Luisa , Muñoz Sánchez Ana , Alameda-Aguado Ines , Martín Rodriguez Leyre , Zalamea-Jarrin Felipe , López-Sánchez Paula
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) significantly disrupts vital renal functions and is a common and serious condition in intensive care units (ICUs). AKI leads to extended hospital stays, increases mortality rates, and often necessitates nephrology consultations. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) plays a central role in managing AKI, requiring a multidisciplinary approach involving nephrologists, intensivists, and anesthesiologists. This study examines the clinical profile and progression of AKI in ICU patients requiring CRRT, with a focus on CRRT indications and modalities. Materials and Methods: We conducted a single-center retrospective observational study on ICU patients with AKI requiring CRRT from January to December 2019. AKI diagnosis followed the RIFLE criteria, and patients who received CRRT for less than 36 h were excluded. Data collected included demographics, hemodynamic parameters, and renal function parameters, with follow-ups at 1 week, 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months. Statistical analyses evaluated outcomes and transitions between CRRT and other renal replacement therapies. Results: Among 123 evaluated patients, 95 met inclusion criteria. Fifteen patients received CRRT for less than 36 h, with an early mortality rate of 80%. The final cohort comprised 80 patients who underwent CRRT for over 36 h, with a mean age of 65.3 years (SD = 13.6) and a Charlson index of 6.4. Patients were categorized based on primary diagnosis into heart failure, cardiac surgery, sepsis, other surgeries, and miscellanea groups. Mortality rates were highest in the heart failure and miscellanea groups. Significant variability was observed in therapy transitions and long-term outcomes. Continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) was the most frequently used CRRT modality. Conclusions: This study highlights the variability in CRRT practices and the poor prognosis for critically ill patients with AKI requiring CRRT. Timely nephrology consultation and tailored treatment plans may improve patient outcomes and optimize CRRT utilization. Future research should focus on refining CRRT protocols and exploring preventive strategies for AKI.
Optimized Porous Carbon Particles from Sucrose and Their Polyethyleneimine Modifications for Enhanced CO2 Capture
Authors: Ari Betul , Inger Erk , Sunol Aydin K. , Sahiner Nurettin
Published: August 2024

Carbon dioxide (CO2), one of the primary greenhouse gases, plays a key role in global warming and is one of the culprits in the climate change crisis. Therefore, the use of appropriate CO2 capture and storage technologies is of significant importance for the future of planet Earth due to atmospheric, climate, and environmental concerns. A cleaner and more sustainable approach to CO2 capture and storage using porous materials, membranes, and amine-based sorbents could offer excellent possibilities. Here, sucrose-derived porous carbon particles (PCPs) were synthesized as adsorbents for CO2 capture. Next, these PCPs were modified with branched- and linear-polyethyleneimine (B-PEI and L-PEI) as B-PEI-PCP and L-PEI-PCP, respectively. These PCPs and their PEI-modified forms were then used to prepare metal nanoparticles such as Co, Cu, and Ni in situ as M@PCP and M@L/B-PEI-PCP (M: Ni, Co, and Cu). The presence of PEI on the PCP surface enables new amine functional groups, known for high CO2 capture ability. The presence of metal nanoparticles in the structure may be used as a catalyst to convert the captured CO2 into useful products, e.g., fuels or other chemical compounds, at high temperatures. It was found that B-PEI-PCP has a larger surface area and higher CO2 capture capacity with a surface area of 32.84 m2/g and a CO2 capture capacity of 1.05 mmol CO2/g adsorbent compared to L-PEI-PCP. Amongst metal-nanoparticle-embedded PEI-PCPs (M@PEI-PCPs, M: Ni, Co, Cu), Ni@L-PEI-PCP was found to have higher CO2 capture capacity, 0.81 mmol CO2/g adsorbent, and a surface area of 225 m2/g. These data are significant as they will steer future studies for the conversion of captured CO2 into useful fuels/chemicals.
The Effectiveness of Curcumin Nanoparticle-Coated Titanium Surfaces in Osteogenesis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Suresh Nandita , Mauramo Matti , Waltimo Tuomas , Sorsa Timo , Anil Sukumaran
Published: August 2024

(1) Background: This systematic review critically appraises and synthesizes evidence from in vitro studies investigating the effects of curcumin nanoparticles on titanium surface modification, focusing on cell adhesion, proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and mineralization. (2) Methods: A comprehensive electronic search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar databases, yielding six in vitro studies that met the inclusion criteria. The search strategy and study selection process followed PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. A qualitative methodological assessment was performed using the SciRAP (Science in Risk Assessment and Policy) method, which evaluated the reporting and methodological quality of the included studies. (3) Results: All six studies consistently demonstrated that curcumin-coated titanium surfaces inhibited osteoclastogenesis and promoted osteogenic activity, evidenced by enhanced cell adhesion, proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and mineralization. The mean reporting quality score was 91.8 (SD = 5.7), and the mean methodological quality score was 85.8 (SD = 10.50), as assessed by the SciRAP method. Half of the studies used hydroxyapatite-coated titanium as a control, while the other half used uncoated titanium, introducing potential variability in baseline comparisons. (4) Conclusions: This systematic review provides compelling in vitro evidence supporting the osteogenic potential of curcumin nanoparticle-coated titanium surfaces. The findings suggest that this surface modification strategy may enhance titanium implants’ biocompatibility and osteogenic properties, potentially improving dental and orthopedic implant outcomes. However, the review highlights significant heterogeneity in experimental designs and a concentration of studies from a single research group. Further research, particularly in vivo studies and clinical trials from diverse research teams, is essential to validate these findings and comprehensively understand the translational potential of this promising surface modification approach.
Formation Control of a Multi-Unmanned Surface Vessel System: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Xue Jie , Song Yuanming , Hu Hao
Published: August 2024

This study provides an overview of the literature on multi-unmanned surface vessel (multi-USV) systems, addressing the increasing attention on formation control of USVs due to their enhanced task execution ability, efficiency, and robustness in complex marine environments. Despite numerous studies on USVs covering fields, such as autonomous decision making, motion control, perception, and communication technologies, there is a significant lack of systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis specifically focused on a multi-USV system. This study aims to summarize advancements in multi-USV research, highlighting key aspects, including publication trends, influential scholars and papers, research hotspots, challenges, and future opportunities. By reviewing the current state of multi-USV research, this study contributes to the field as a beneficial reference for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers. It will not only highlight the progress made so far but also shed light on the gap that needs to be addressed to advance the field.
Investigating the Structural and Power Performance of a 15 MW Class Wind Energy Generation System under Experimental Wind and Marine Loading
Authors: Ali Sajid , Park Hongbae , Lee Daeyong
Published: August 2024

The global transition to renewables in response to climate change has largely been supported by the expansion of wind power capacity and improvements in turbine technology. This is being made possible mainly due to improvements in the design of highly efficient turbines exceeding a 10 MW rated power. Apart from power efficiency, wind turbines must withstand the mechanical stress caused by wind–hydro conditions. Such comprehensive structural analysis has rarely been performed previously, especially for large-scale wind turbines under real environmental conditions. The present work analyzes the energy production and structural performance of an NREL-IEA 15 MW wind turbine using measured wind and hydro data. First of all, an optimum operating range is determined in terms of the wind speed and blade pitch angle to maximize the power coefficient. Then, at this optimum range, a detailed breakdown of the forces and moments acting on different components of the wind turbine is presented. It was found that wind speeds of 9 to 12 m/s are best suited for this wind turbine, as the power coefficient is at its maximum and the mechanical loads on all components are at a minimum. The loads are at a minimum due to the optimized blade pitch angle. The bending force on a monopile foundation (fixed on the seabed) is found to be at a maximum and corresponds to nearly 2000 kN. The maximum blade force is nearly 700 kN, whereas on the tower it is almost 250 kN. The maximum force on the tower occurs at a point which is found to be undersea, whereas above-sea, the maximum force on the tower is nearly 20% less than the undersea maximum force. Finally, seasonal and annual energy production is also estimated using locally measured wind conditions.
Navigating Mediated Spaces: Screens and Connectivity in Ikebukuro Chinatown’s Chinese Diaspora
Authors: Wang Le
Published: August 2024

This research explores the profound impact of digital media on the lives of Chinese immigrants in Ikebukuro Chinatown. It illustrates how the Internet and digital platforms have transformed their economic, social, and identity landscapes. Employing qualitative methods such as surveys and interviews, this study underscores the pivotal role of social media in creating expansive networks. These networks facilitate ethnic entrepreneurship and enhance cultural visibility, contributing to the deterritorialization of traditional community confines. This empowerment enables the Chinese diaspora in Ikebukuro to cultivate a rich, interconnected social tapestry that extends beyond geographic limitations. The findings underscore the central role of digital media mediatization processes in redefining immigrant experiences. Additionally, they promote deeper, more dynamic integration within the host society’s multicultural environment. This transformative shift emphasizes the emergence of a more fluid, networked form of community and identity among immigrants. It challenges conventional enclave models and offers new perspectives on diaspora engagement in the digital age.
Unveiling the Multifaceted Role of CIDEB: From Apoptosis to Lipid Metabolism and Liver Health
Authors: Wutsdorff Louise , Mougnekabol Julienne , Tang Peter , Reutzel-Selke Anja , Sauer Igor M. , Haep Nils
Published: August 2024

Cell-death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor-alpha (DFFA)-like effector b (CIDEB) was first identified as an apoptosis-inducing protein. Further research revealed a pivotal role in lipid metabolism, regulating very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), lipid droplets (LD), sterol response element-binding protein (SREBP), and chylomicrons. Recent studies have uncovered that rare germline variants in CIDEB protect against liver diseases, including MAFLD, cirrhosis, and viral hepatitis. Furthermore, CIDEB influences steps of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication cycle. This review summarizes the current knowledge about CIDEB’s roles in apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and viral hepatitis, and highlights its critical role in liver diseases.
A Comparison of the Tribological Properties of SiC Coatings Prepared via Atmospheric Plasma Spraying and Chemical Vapor Deposition for Carbon/Carbon Composites
Authors: Qi Yan , Gao Jiumei , Liang Wenping , Miao Qiang , Jia Feilong , Chang Xiangle , Lin Hao
Published: August 2024

The microstructure, mechanical performance, and tribological properties of SiC ceramic coatings prepared via atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method were compared to provide good anti-wear protection for carbon/carbon composites. The surface morphology of the APS-SiC coating was characterized as having a porous structure, whilst the CVD-SiC coating presented with many pyramidal-shaped crystals constituting the surface. The APS-SiC coating consists of a dominating SiC phase and a small fraction of the Si phase, while the XRD pattern of the CVD-SiC coating mainly consists of the SiC phase. The dense crystalline microstructure of the CVD-SiC coating made it possess a higher hardness and Young’s modulus at 31.0 GPa and 275 GPa, respectively. The higher H/E and H3/E2 parameters of the CVD-SiC coating implied that it exhibited better plastic resistance, which is also beneficial for anti-wear properties. The scratch test reflected the critical loads of the spallation of the APS-SiC coating and CVD-SiC coating, which were evaluated to be 25.9 N and 36.4 N, respectively. In the tribological test, the friction coefficient of the APS-SiC coating showed obvious fluctuations at high load due to damage to the SiC coating. The wear mechanism of the APS-SiC coating was dominated by abrasive wear and fatigue wear, while CVD-SiC was mainly dominated by abrasive wear. The wear rate of the CVD-SiC coating was far below that of the APS-SiC coating, suggesting the better wear-resistance of the CVD-SiC coating.
Determination of Fracture Mechanic Parameters of Concretes Based on Cement Matrix Enhanced by Fly Ash and Nano-Silica
Authors: Golewski Grzegorz Ludwik
Published: August 2024

This study presents test results and deep discussion regarding measurements of the fracture toughness of new concrete composites based on ternary blended cements (TCs). A composition of the most commonly used mineral additive (i.e., fly ash (FA)) in combination with nano-silica (NS) has been proposed as a partial replacement of the ordinary Portland cement (OPC) binder. The novelty of this article is related to the fact that ordinary concretes with FA + NS additives are most often used in construction practice, and there is a decided lack of fracture toughness test results concerning these materials. Therefore, in order to fill this gap in the literature, an extensive evaluation of the fracture mechanic parameters of TC was carried out. Four series of concretes were created, one of which was the reference concrete (REF), and the remaining three were TCs. The effect of a constant content of 5% NS and various FA contents, such as 0, 15%, and 25% wt., as a partial replacement of cement was studied. The parameters of the linear and nonlinear fracture mechanics were analyzed in this study (i.e., the critical stress intensity factor (KIcS), critical crack tip opening displacement (CTODc), and critical unit work of failure (JIc)). In addition, the main mechanical parameters (i.e., the compressive strength (fcm) and splitting tensile strength (fctm)) were evaluated. Based on the studies, it was found that the addition of 5% NS without FA increased the strength and fracture parameters of the concrete by approximately 20%. On the other hand, supplementing the composition of the binder with 5% NS in combination with the 15% FA additive caused an increase in all mechanical parameters by approximately another 20%. However, an increase in the FA content in the concrete mix of another 10% caused a smaller increase in all analyzed factors (i.e., by approximately 10%) compared with a composite with the addition of the NS modifier only. In addition, from an ecological point of view, by utilizing fine waste FA particles combined with extremely fine particles of NS to produce ordinary concretes, the demand for OPC can be reduced, thereby lowering CO2 emissions. Hence, the findings of this research hold practical importance for the future application of such materials in the development of green concretes.
Controllable Preparation of Fused Silica Micro Lens Array through Femtosecond Laser Penetration-Induced Modification Assisted Wet Etching
Authors: Cheng Kaijie , Wang Ji , Wang Guolong , Yang Kun , Zhang Wenwu
Published: August 2024

As an integrable micro-optical device, micro lens arrays (MLAs) have significant applications in modern optical imaging, new energy technology, and advanced displays. In order to reduce the impact of laser modification on wet etching, we propose a technique of femtosecond laser penetration-induced modification-assisted wet etching (FLIPM-WE), which avoids the influence of previous modification layers on subsequent laser pulses and effectively improves the controllability of lens array preparation. We conducted a detailed study on the effects of the laser single pulse energy, pulse number, and hydrofluoric acid etching duration on the morphology of micro lenses and obtained the optimal process parameters. Ultimately, two types of fused silica micro lens arrays with different focal lengths but the same numerical aperture (NA = 0.458) were fabricated using the FLPIM-WE technology. Both arrays exhibited excellent geometric consistency and surface quality (Ra~30 nm). Moreover, they achieved clear imaging at various magnifications with an adjustment range of 1.3×~3.0×. This provides potential technical support for special micro-optical systems.
Adsorption of Selected Herbicides on Activated Carbon from Single- and Multi-Component Systems—Error Analysis in Isotherm Measurements
Authors: Blachnio Magdalena , Zienkiewicz-Strzalka Malgorzata , Derylo-Marczewska Anna
Published: August 2024

The aim of this study is to examine the influence of various factors on the precision and repeatability of the experimental determination of herbicide adsorption isotherms. Studies were conducted for the activated carbon RIB as an adsorbent and three herbicides as adsorbates: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4-CPA), and 3-chlorophenoxypropionic acid (3-CPP). The herbicide adsorption process was carried out in single-component and multi-component modes (the herbicide was adsorbed in the presence of an accompanying substance, i.e., 4-nitroaniline (4-NA)). Due to the significant contribution of the competition phenomenon in the adsorption process, which is important, e.g., in multi-component environmental systems, a qualitative and quantitative analysis of herbicide adsorption in the presence of a competing substance was presented. This work presents, among other things, the influence of adsorbent heterogeneity (grain size) on measurement uncertainties. The spread of standard deviations for solutions requiring dilution during spectrophotometric measurements was discussed, indicating that dilutions contribute to increasing measurement uncertainties. The heterogeneity parameters of the Freundlich equation for the studied adsorption systems were analyzed; the 2,4-D/RIB system was indicated as the most energetically heterogeneous. Differentiation of the experimental conditions (pH, temperature) allowed us to assess their impact on the efficiency and mechanism of adsorption. A high repeatability of experimental isotherms was obtained for the multi-component system. The accuracy of quantitative determination of equilibrium concentrations for the tested two-component systems was assessed based on the measured UV-Vis spectra, and the adsorption of herbicides from single- and multi-component systems was compared.
Deep Indentation Tests of Soft Materials Using Mobile and Stationary Devices
Authors: Nowak Joanna , Kaczmarek Mariusz K.
Published: August 2024

Measurements of the properties of soft materials are important from the point of view of medical diagnostics of soft tissues as well as testing the quality of food products and many technical materials. One of the frequently used techniques for testing such materials, attractive due to its non-invasive nature, is the indentation technique, which does not puncture the material. The difficulty of testing soft materials, which affects the objectivity of the results, is related to the problems of stable positioning of the studied material in relation to the indentation apparatus, especially with a device held by the operator. This work concerns the comparison of test results using an indentation apparatus mounted on mobile and stationary handles. The tested materials are cylindrical samples of polyurethane foams with three different stiffnesses and the same samples with a 0.5 or 1 mm thick silicone layer. The study presented uses an apparatus with a flat cylindrical indenter, with a surface area of 1 cm2, pressed to a depth of 10 mm (so-called deep tests). Based on the recorded force changes over time, five descriptors of the indentation test were determined and compared for both types of handles. The tests performed showed that the elastic properties of foam materials alone and with a silicone layer can be effectively characterized by the maximum forces during recessing and retraction and the slopes of the recessing and retraction curves. In the case of two-layer materials, these descriptors reflect both the characteristics of the foams and the silicone layer. The results show that the above property of the deep indentation method distinguishes it from the shallow indentation method. The repeatability of the tests performed in the mobile and stationary holders were determined to be comparable.
Influence of the Composition of Provisional Luting Materials on the Bond Strength of Temporary Single-Tooth Crowns on Titanium Abutments
Authors: Maubach Christina , Rudolph Heike , Happe Arndt , Luthardt Ralph G. , Kuhn Katharina , Blender Sarah M.
Published: August 2024

In addition to zinc oxide-based cements, resin-based materials are also available for temporary cementation. The aim of this in vitro study was to determine the influence of the different material compositions on temporary bonds. In nine test series (n = 30), temporary bis-acrylate single-tooth crowns were bonded onto prefabricated titanium abutments with nine different temporary luting materials. After simulating an initial (24 h, distilled water, 37 °C), a short-term (7 days, distilled water, 37 °C) and a long-term provisional restoration period (12h, distilled water, 37 °C; thermocycling: 5000 cycles) in subgroups (n = 10), the bond strength was examined using a combined tensile–shear test. Statistical analysis was performed by univariate analysis of variance or a non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test, followed by post hoc tests. Of the three resin-based materials, two showed significantly higher bond strength values compared to all other materials (p < 0.001), regardless of the storage procedure. The resin-based materials were followed by eugenol-free and eugenol-containing zinc oxide materials. Significant intragroup differences were observed between the composite-based materials after all storage periods. This was only observed for some of the zinc oxide-based materials. The results show that under in vitro conditions, not only the composition of the temporary luting materials but also the different storage conditions have a significant influence on temporary bonds.
The Abrasive Effect of Moon and Mars Regolith Simulants on Stainless Steel Rotating Shaft and Polytetrafluoroethylene Sealing Material Pairs
Authors: Kalácska Gábor , Barkó György , Shegawu Hailemariam , Kalácska Ádám , Zsidai László , Keresztes Róbert , Károly Zoltán
Published: August 2024

For space missions to either the Moon or Mars, protecting mechanical moving parts from the abrasive effects of prevailing surface dust is crucial. This paper compares the abrasive effects of two lunar and two Martian simulant regoliths using special pin-on-disc tests on a stainless steel/polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) sealing material pair. Due to the regolith particles entering the contact zone, a three-body abrasion mechanism took place. We found that friction coefficients stabilised between 0.2 and 0.4 for all simulants. Wear curves, surface roughness measurements, and microscopic images all suggest a significantly lower abrasion effect of the Martian regoliths than that of the lunar ones. It applies not only to steel surfaces but also to the PTFE pins. The dominant abrasive micro-mechanism of the disc surface is micro-ploughing in the case of all tests, while the transformation of the counterface is mixed. The surface of pin material is plastically transformed through micro-ploughing, while the material is removed through micro-cutting due to the slide over hard soil particles.
Towards a Framework for the Industrial Recommissioning of Residual Energy (IRRE): How to Systematically Evaluate and Reclaim Waste Energy in Manufacturing
Authors: Eckhoff Jannis , Adomat Vincent , Kober Christian , Fette Marc , Weidner Robert , Wulfsberg Jens P.
Published: August 2024

The extensive body of research dedicated to optimizing energy consumption and efficiency in the manufacturing sector demonstrates a significant and well-established legacy. Despite a peak of publications in this field over recent years, the subject of reusing residual energy is only infrequently discussed. Where authors target this topic, research is often exclusively directed towards specialized applications or industries. In this article, an initial attempt of approaching residual energy reclamation in industrial manufacturing in a structured and universal manner is made. By employing a systematic literature review and design science research, a universal tool chain for decomposing individual industrial manufacturing systems to successfully reclaim and reintegrate residual energy is developed. A comprehensive overview of technologies available for energy conversion in industrial scenarios and their corresponding efficiency ranges are presented in the form of a table, called the energy conversion overview (ECO) table. The main contribution poses a multistep sequential framework guiding through identifying, assessing, harnessing, reusing, and validating residual energy in manufacturing systems. As a universal tool, the Industrial Recommissioning of Residual Energy (IRRE) framework is empowering its adopters to systematically approach residual energy recovery in their individual context by a universal tool. The application of both tools is showcased in a case study from the large-aircraft carbon fiber manufacturing industry.
Event-Triggered Output Feedback H∞ Control for Markov-Type Networked Control Systems
Authors: Zhou Xuede , Liu Shanshan , Wang Yan , Zhu Yong
Published: August 2024

This paper studies the output feedback H∞ control problem of event-triggered Markov-type networked control systems. Firstly, a new Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional is constructed, which contains an event-triggered scheme, Markovian jump system, and quantified information. Secondly, the upper bound of the weak infinitesimal generation operator of the Lyapunov–Krasovskii function is estimated by combining Wirtinger’s-based integral inequality and reciprocally convex inequality. Finally, based on the Lyapunov stability theory, the closed-loop stability criterion of event-triggered Markov-type networked control systems and the design method of the output feedback H∞ controller for the disturbance attenuation level γ are given in the terms of linear matrix inequalities. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method are verified using three numerical examples.
Closed-Form Formula for the Conditional Moment-Generating Function Under a Regime-Switching, Nonlinear Drift CEV Process, with Applications to Option Pricing
Authors: Chumpong Kittisak , Mekchay Khamron , Nualsri Fukiat , Sutthimat Phiraphat
Published: August 2024

An analytical derivation of the conditional moment-generating function (MGF) for a regime-switching nonlinear drift constant elasticity of variance process is established. The proposed model incorporates both regime-switching mechanisms and nonlinear drift components to better capture market phenomena such as volatility smiles and leverage effects. Regime-switching models can match the tendency of financial markets to often change their behavior abruptly and the phenomenon that the new behavior of financial variables often persists for several periods after such a change. Closed-form formulas for the MGF under various conditions, which are then applied for option pricing, are also derived. The efficacy and accuracy of the results are validated through a discrete Markov chain simulation. The results obtained from the proposed formulas completely match with those from MC simulations, while requiring significantly less computational time.
Optimal Dynamic Production Planning for Supply Network with Random External and Internal Demands
Authors: Hu Chenglin , Bian Junsong , Zhao Daozhi , He Longfei , Dong Fangqi
Published: August 2024

This paper focuses on joint production/inventory optimization in single and multiple horizons, respectively, within a complicated supply network (CSN) consisting of firm nodes with coupled demands and firm nodes with coupled demands. We first formulate the single-epoch joint optimal output model by allowing the production of extra quantity for stock underage, considering the fixed costs incurred by having inventory over demand and shortfalls. Then, the multi-temporal dynamic joint production model is further investigated to deal with stochastic demand fluctuations among CSN nodes by constructing a dynamic input–output model. The K-convexity defined in Rn space is proved to obtain the optimal control strategy. According to physical flow links, all demands associated to the nodes of CSN are categorized into the inter-node demand inside CSN (intermediate demand) and external demand outside CSN (final demand). We exploit the meliorated input–output matrix to describe demand relations, building dynamic input–output models where demand fluctuates randomly in single-cycle CSN and finite multi-cycle CSN. The novel monocyclic and multicyclic dynamic models have been developed to minimize system-wide operational costs. Unlike existent literature, we consider fixed costs incurred by overdemand and underdemand inventory into system operational cost functions and then demonstrate the convexity of objective functions. The cost function with two fixed penalty costs due to excess and shortage of inventory is developed in a multicycle model, and the K-convexity defined in Rn is proved to find out the optimal strategy for joint dynamic production of CSNs in the case of multi-products and multicycles.
Disposition of Oral Nalbuphine and Its Metabolites in Healthy Subjects and Subjects with Hepatic Impairment: Preliminary Modeling Results Using a Continuous Intestinal Absorption Model with Enterohepatic Recirculation
Authors: Nagar Swati , Hawi Amale , Sciascia Thomas , Korzekwa Ken
Published: August 2024

Nalbuphine (NAL) is a mixed κ-agonist/μ-antagonist opioid with extensive first-pass metabolism. A phase 1 open-label study was conducted to characterize the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of NAL and select metabolites following single oral doses of NAL extended-release tablets in subjects with mild, moderate, and severe hepatic impairment (Child–Pugh A, B, and C, respectively) compared to healthy matched subjects. NAL exposures were similar for subjects with mild hepatic impairment as compared to healthy subjects and nearly three-fold and eight-fold higher in subjects with moderate and severe hepatic impairment, respectively. Datasets obtained for healthy, moderate, and severe hepatic impaired groups were modeled with a mechanistic model that incorporated NAL hepatic metabolism and enterohepatic recycling of NAL and its glucuronidated metabolites. The mechanistic model includes a continuous intestinal absorption model linked to semi-physiological liver–gallbladder–compartmental PK models based on partial differential equations (termed the PDE-EHR model). In vitro studies indicated that cytochromes P450 CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 are the major CYPs involved in NAL oxidation, with glucuronidation mainly catalyzed by UGT1A8 and UGT2B7 isozymes. Complex formation and elimination kinetics of NAL and four main metabolites was well predicted by PDE-EHR. The model is expected to improve predictions of drug interactions and complex drug disposition.
Copper-Based Metal–Organic Frameworks Applied as Electrocatalysts for the Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide (CO2ER) to Methane: A Review
Authors: Cruz-Navarro Jesús , Hernández-García Fabiola , Sánchez-Mora Arturo , Moreno-Narváez María , Reyes-Márquez Viviana , Colorado-Peralta Raúl , Morales-Morales David
Published: August 2024

The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) to methane (CH4) holds tremendous potential in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and producing renewable fuels. Thus, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the utilization of copper-based metal–organic frameworks (Cu-MOFs) as catalysts for this transformative process. Diverse key aspects of Cu-MOFs that make them ideal candidates for CO2 reduction are discussed, including their high surface areas, tunable pore sizes, and customizable active sites. Furthermore, recent advances in the design and synthesis of Cu-MOFs tailored specifically for enhanced catalytic activity and selectivity towards CH4 production are highlighted. Additionally, mechanistic insights into the CO2 reduction process on Cu-MOF catalysts are examined. Moreover, the recent application of diverse Cu-MOFs and derived materials in electrochemical reduction systems is discussed, and future research directions and potential applications of Cu-MOFs in sustainable energy conversion technologies are outlined. Thus, this review provides valuable insights into the current state of the art and the prospects for utilizing Cu-MOFs as efficient catalysts for the electrochemical conversion of CO2 to CH4, offering a pathway towards a greener and more sustainable energy future.
The Effects of Mixed Robinia pseudoacacia and Quercus variabilis Plantation on Soil Bacterial Community Structure and Nitrogen-Cycling Gene Abundance in the Southern Taihang Mountain Foothills
Authors: Yang Yi , Chen Jing , Zheng Yiwei , Jiang Rui , Sang Yuqiang , Zhang Jinsong
Published: August 2024

Mixed forests often increase their stability and species richness in comparison to pure stands. However, a comprehensive understanding of the effects of mixed forests on soil properties, bacterial community diversity, and soil nitrogen cycling remains elusive. This study investigated soil samples from pure Robinia pseudoacacia stands, pure Quercus variabilis stands, and mixed stands of both species in the southern foothills of the Taihang Mountains. Utilizing high-throughput sequencing and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, this study analyzed the bacterial community structure and the abundance of nitrogen-cycling functional genes within soils from different stands. The results demonstrated that Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria were the dominant bacterial groups across all three forest soil types. The mixed-forest soil exhibited a higher relative abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, while Nitrospirae and Crenarchaeota were most abundant in the pure R. pseudoacacia stand soils. Employing FAPROTAX for predictive bacterial function analysis in various soil layers, this study found that nitrogen-cycling processes such as nitrification and denitrification were most prominent in pure R. pseudoacacia soils. Whether in surface or deeper soil layers, the abundance of AOB amoA, nirS, and nirK genes was typically highest in pure R. pseudoacacia stand soils. In conclusion, the mixed forest of R. pseudoacacia and Q. variabilis can moderate the intensity of nitrification and denitrification processes, consequently reducing soil nitrogen loss.
The Genesis of Ultramafic Rock Mass on the Northern Slope of Lüliang Mountain in North Qaidam, China
Authors: Guo Haiming , Li Yanguang , Chen Bo , Zhang Huishan , Yang Xiaoyong , He Li , Ma Yongjiu , Li Yunping , Luo Jincheng , Zhao Haichao
Published: August 2024

The ultramafic rock located on the northern slope of Lüliang Mountain in the northwestern region of North Qaidam Orogen is altered to serpentinite. The occurrence of disseminated chromite within the serpentinite holds significant implications for understanding the petrogenesis of the protolith. This work provides strong evidence of a distinct zonal texture in the chromite found in the ultramafic rock, using petrographic microstructure and electron probe composition analysis. The core of the chromite is characterized by high contents of Cr#, with enrichment in Fe3+# (Fe3+/(Cr + Al + Fe3+)) and depletion in Al2O3 and TiO2. The Cr2O3 content ranges from 51.64% to 53.72%, while the Cr# values range from 0.80 to 0.84. The FeO content varies from 24.9% to 27.8%, while the Fe2O3 content ranges from 5.19% to 8.74%. The Al2O3 content ranges from 6.70% to 9.20%, and the TiO2 content is below the detection limit (<0.1%). Furthermore, the rocks exhibit Mg# values ranging from 0.13 to 0.25 and Fe3+# values ranging from 0.07 to 0.12. The mineral chemistry of the chromite core in the ultramafic rock suggests it to be from an ophiolite. This ophiolite originated from the fore-arc deficit asthenosphere in a supra-subduction zone. The estimated average crystallization temperature and pressure of the chromite are 1306.02 °C and 3.41 GPa, respectively. These values suggest that the chromite formed at a depth of approximately 110 km, which is comparable to that of the asthenosphere. The chromite grains are surrounded by thick rims composed of Cr-rich magnetite characterized by enrichment in Fe3+# contents and depletions in Cr2O3, Al2O3, TiO2, and Cr#. The FeO content ranges from 28.25% to 31.15%, while the Fe2O3 content ranges from 44.94% to 68.92%. The Cr2O3 content ranges from 0.18% to 23.59%, and the Al2O3 and TiO2 contents are below the detection limit (<0.1%). Moreover, the rim of the Cr-rich magnetite exhibits Cr# values ranging from 0.90 to 1.00, Mg# values ranging from 0.01 to 0.06, and Fe3+# values ranging from 0.64 to 1.00, indicating late-stage alteration processes. The LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of the ultramafic rock yielded an age of 480.6 ± 2.4 Ma (MSWD = 0.46, n = 18), representing the crystallization age of the ultramafic rock. This evidence suggests that the host rock of chromite is an ultramafic cumulate, which is part of the ophiolite suite. It originated from the fore-arc deficit asthenosphere in a supra-subduction zone during the northward subduction of the North Qaidam Ocean in the Ordovician period. Furthermore, clear evidence of Fe-hydrothermal alteration during the post-uplift-denudation stage is observed.
Investigating the Influence of Medium Size and Ratio on Grinding Characteristics
Authors: Fang Xin , Wu Caibin , Liao Ningning , Zhong Jiuxiang , Duan Xuqian , Zhu Shenglin , Liu Aijun , Xiao Ke
Published: August 2024

This study explores the effect of steel ball size and proportion on mineral grinding characteristics using Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations. Based on batch grinding kinetics, this paper analyzes the contact behavior during grinding, discussing particle breakage conditions and critical breakage energy. The results indicate that while increasing the size of the steel balls leads to higher collision energy, the collision probability decreases significantly; the opposite is true for smaller steel balls. Simulation results with different ball size combinations show that increasing the proportion of smaller balls does not significantly change the collision energy but greatly increases the collision probability, providing a basis for optimizing ball size distribution to improve grinding performance. Furthermore, appropriately increasing the proportion of smaller balls can reduce fluctuations in grinding energy consumption, thereby enhancing collision energy and collision probability while reducing energy costs. Liner wear results demonstrate that larger ball sizes increase liner wear, but different ball size combinations can effectively distribute the forces on the liner, reducing wear.
Examining Sustainable Transition and Post-Mining Management in the Ruhr Region and the Prospective Evaluation of Knowledge Transfer to Kosovo’s Mining Sector
Authors: Zeqiri Kemajl , Dogan Tansel , Möllerherm Stefan , Kasmaeeyazdi Sara
Published: August 2024

Despite the long tradition of mining activities in Kosovo, there is still the a lack of policies for post-mining. Specifically, focusing on coal mining, this research analyzes the sustainable transition and post-mining management in the Ruhr Region, exploring the potential for knowledge transfer to enhance mining practices in Kosovo. The research aims to identify transferable strategies for sustainable mining transitions by examining environmental, social, and economic dimensions. Through comparative analysis, the study assesses the applicability of Ruhr’s experiences in fostering environmentally responsible mining practices in Kosovo and beyond. Similarities and possible challenges are discussed based on the environmental and socio-economic points of view. The findings contribute insights into effective post-mining strategies, facilitating knowledge transfer to regions undergoing similar transitions and thereby fostering sustainable mining practices globally.
Numerical Evaluation of Hydroformed Tubular Adhesive Joints under Tensile Loads
Authors: Faria André Lima , Campilho Raul Duarte Salgueiral Gomes
Published: August 2024

Adhesive joints are widespread in the aerospace, aeronautics, and automotive industries. When compared to conventional mechanical joints, adhesive joints involve a smaller number of components, reduce the final weight of the structure, enable joining dissimilar materials, and resist the applied loadings with a more uniform stress state distribution compared to conventional joining methods. Hydroformed tubular adhesive joints are a suitable solution to join tubes with identical cross-sections, i.e., tubes with the same dimensions, although this solution is seldom addressed in the literature regarding implementation feasibility. This work aims to numerically analyze, by cohesive zone modelling (CZM), hydroformed tubular adhesive joints between aluminum adherends subjected to tensile loads, considering the variation of material parameters (type of adhesive) and geometrical parameters. Initially, a validation of the proposed CZM approach is carried out against experimental data. Next, the aim is to numerically evaluate the tensile characteristics of the joints, measured by the maximum load (Pm) and energy of rupture (ER), considering the main geometrical parameters (outer tube diameter of the non-hydroformed adherend or dENHA, overlap length or LO, tube thickness or tAd, and joggle angle or q). CZM validation was successfully performed. The numerical study determined that the optimal geometry uses the adhesive Araldite® AV138, higher dENHA and LO highly benefit the joint behavior, tAd has a moderate effect, and q has negligible influence on the results.
Novel Superhard Boron Nitrides, B2N3 and B3N3: Crystal Chemistry and First-Principles Studies
Authors: Matar Samir F. , Solozhenko Vladimir L.
Published: August 2024

Tetragonal and hexagonal hybrid sp3/sp2 carbon allotropes C5 were proposed based on crystal chemistry and subsequently used as template structures to identify new binary phases of the B–N system, specifically tetragonal and hexagonal boron nitrides, B2N3 and B3N3. The ground structures and energy-dependent quantities of the new phases were computed within the framework of quantum density functional theory (DFT). All four new boron nitrides were found to be cohesive and mechanically (elastic constants) stable. Vickers hardness (HV), evaluated by various models, qualified all new phases as superhard (HV > 40 GPa). Dynamically, all new boron nitrides were found to be stable from positive phonon frequencies. The electronic band structures revealed mainly conductive behavior due to the presence of π electrons of sp2-like hybrid atoms.
Structural and Electronic Properties of Novel Azothiophene Dyes: A Multilevel Study Incorporating Explicit Solvation Effects
Authors: Vautrin Laura , Lambert Alexandrine , Mahdhaoui Faouzi , El Abed Riad , Boubaker Taoufik , Ingrosso Francesca
Published: August 2024

Among azobenzene derivatives, azothiophenes represent a relatively recent family of compounds that exhibit similar characteristics as dyes and photoreactive systems. Their technological applications are extensive thanks to the additional design flexibility conferred by the heteroaromatic ring. In this study, we present a comprehensive investigation of the structural and electronic properties of novel dyes derived from 3-thiophenamine, utilizing a multilevel approach. We thoroughly examined the potential energy surfaces of the E and Z isomers for three molecules, each bearing different substituents on the phenyl ring at the para position relative to the diazo group. This exploration was conducted through quantum chemistry calculations at various levels of theory, employing a continuum solvent model. Subsequently, we incorporated an explicit solvent (a dimethyl sulfoxide–water mixture) to simulate the most stable isomers using classical molecular dynamics, delivering a clear picture of the local solvation structure and intermolecular interactions. Finally, a hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) approach was employed to accurately describe the evolution of the solutes’ properties within their environment, accounting for finite temperature effects.