bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Krakow
Authors: Godula-Węcławowicz Róża
Published: January 2025

This paper aims to analyze the urban space of Krakow and studies the role of specific sites such as Cathedral Hill, the Main Main Market Square, and the Church on the Rock which convey specific significance to the inhabitants. The basic categories of culture – “space” and “time” – are used in the anthropological sense (viz. Czarnowski and Eliade), and help to explain the unique character of Krakow’s genius loci.
Yasar Abu Ghosh, Jakub Grygar, Marek Skovajsa (eds).: Monotematické číslo Sociální antropologie v postsocialismu [Thematic issue Social Anthropology in Post-Socialism].
Authors: Novotná Hedvika
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Yasar Abu Ghosh, Jakub Grygar and Marek Skovajsa.
Národnost jako jeden z rozměrů identity dětí
Authors: Moravcová Mirjam
Published: January 2025

In the last decade of the 20th century, the question of national and ethnic identity as it relates to the Czech society became relevant. It was the time of migration movements of European, as well as non-European population, caused by social and economic pressures, which started to have an influence on the Czech Republic’s ethnic composition. Czech scientific community has also included the problem of identity as it relates to nation and ethnics into its area of interest. From the historical point of view, this interest has focused on the development of collective mentalities and concepts of self-awareness and awareness of the World. From the social psychological point of view, this interest has focused on individual socialization process, learning process and acceptance of social roles; from the ethnological point of view on cognition and analysis of culture symbolism as means of self identification of individuals and groups, and in this context also on quality and functionality of mutual ethnic relationships. In our approach, we consider national identity as conscious self-integration of an individual into national community, defined either in the framework of primordial or constructivist concept. We perceive it as self-integration with inherent solidarity with this community, recognition of its identity and awareness of “us – them” polarity. At the beginning of the 21st century, the Czech primary school is becoming an environment where pupils of different ethnic origins meet ever more frequently, even surpassing ethnic composition of the Czech Republic’s population. Children are confronted already in primary schools through real interactions with ethnic and cultural opposition: us – them, I – other. Trough everyday contacts they can define not only their attitudes toward ethnically and culturally different, but also their own relationship to national identity. Teachers enter this spontaneous process with targeted pedagogic goals. Multicultural education cultivates pupil’s opinions: They guide them to respect and recognize equality of other ethnic entities, to tolerate their cultural differences, and to eliminate ethnic barriers. Question remains how this educational process effects child’s feeling about themselves? How children define, in the framework of conflicts between school education, own experience and family influence, their relationship to themselves as a personality living in a certain culture and tied with certain national society through their own family origins?
Bílá růže
Authors: Šindelářová Lenka
Published: January 2025

Bílá růže is a name of group of people who had the courage, only few people had, to oppose Hitler and National Socialism ideology of the Third Reich. In many respects, their resistance is singular and extraordinary, which should be – when judging their deeds – taken into account, unconditionally. The first actions of Bílá růže date back to summer of 1942. It was a period when Germany was at the height of its glory. Almost the entire Europe was under its dominance and the German Army celebrated unprecedented successes also in northern Africa and in the Atlantic Ocean. Of course, the population was informed about it and only few resisted enthusiasm and optimistic expectations about the future. During that period, majority of the German nation still infinitely believed in Hitler’s victory of the war and wished for it. Activities of Bílá růže took place primarily in Munich, i.e. in a city where NSDAP was founded in 1920, where the unsuccessful Hitler’s putsch took place three years later, and where the Party and its leader later had their official seat. Munich was the cradle of National Socialism, the fact crowned by Hitler in 1935 by awarding the city title of the “Capital City of the Movement”. Moreover, this resistance originated in the university environment, despite the fact that since 1934 the university was under administration of the Reich ministry and as an institution represented the Nazi state, faithfully. Close and wider circle of Bílá růže was composed of young people, almost exclusively. People whom Hitler and the Party trusted the most and expected the most from. Significant part of their life was spent under the Nazi propaganda, impacting their education. To escape its influence was a very difficult task. Moreover, these people were not directly under threat; people whose resistance did stem primarily from their conscience and thus bearing, most of all, moral legacy. Their resistance can not be categorized as purely political, military or religious one. Their principal motive was their demand for freedom and to establish such living conditions where one is not forced to act in contradiction with one’s own conscience.
Fenomenologie jako inscenace
Authors: Pinc Zdeněk
Published: January 2025

The idea of phenomenology as a performance is taken from Bernhard Casper. It implies a strange reality that there is kind of an essential kinship between the discourse of Greek theatre, theatricality in general and philosophical discourse related to the idea of performance. In Greek theatre what is being demonstrated is not shown on the stage but rather on the PROSKÉNION. SKÉNÉ originally means the building from which actors enter the PROSKÉNION, when the roles of the first actor as opposed to the chorus were being separated away. Chorus performs in the orchestra and the entire situation presents time in very peculiar way. In fact, it wants to show that “time“ is somehow included more than once, at least twice. One time is that of the viewer: It is known that the Greek expression “to view” (THEOREIN) and “to be godly” (THEOS) shares common etymology; the term “theatre” (THEATRON) is also derived from that of watching, gazing. The time of a theatre performance represents yet another time scale: In theatre something is presented before one’s eyes, something that happened in another time and in a different way. The mythic topic that is shown primarily is already known to all spectators. In certain sense that is a prerequisite and also that what is happening in the theatre, sense of tragedy is KATHARSIS: Redemption of the viewer through particular understanding of the story. Everything takes place with one important prerequisite: Viewers shall watch what is happening on the SKENE, or hence on the proscenium. They should not attempt to see behind the scene; then their view shall not be obscene. It is very peculiar – if we consider the layout of Greek theatre and how it is arranged – its principal idea is linked to the fact that in every story, in every performance, there is something not to be seen, something not to be performed for a viewer, something that should remain hidden, that constitutes some adumbration of the entire story.
Zpráva o konferenci Cesty k národnímu obrození: běloruský a český model
Authors: Ivanova Alena
Published: January 2025

An international scientific conference “The ways to national revival: Byelorussian and Czech models” was held on July 4 through July 6, 2006, at the Faculty of Humanities of the Charles University in Prague. The conference was organized by the Faculty of Humanities in collaboration with the Institute of Slavic and Eastern European Studies at the Philosophical Faculty of the Charles University. The international conference project was supported by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic as part of the transformation collaboration. Byelorussian, Czech, German, Polish, and Lithuanian scientists and academicians who are professionally engaged in the topic of Byelorussian national revival, in historical and linguistic context, were invited to participate at the conference. The Byelorussian – Czech conference, devoted to problems of national and cultural revival of both of these nations has contributed to research of historical national development of European countries. The conference touched upon problems of creationprocesses of the Byelorussian and Czech national movements in the 19th and 20th centuries: The Byelorussian national movement under Russian and Polish double influence resulting in creation of BSSR as part of the USSR; the Czech cultural revival that was under the German influence and later grew into the concept of Czechoslovakism and Byelorussian national revival considered to be a delayed version of nationalism of the 90’s of the 20th century.
M. C. Nussbaumová: Křehkost dobra.
Authors: Sokol Jan
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by M. C. Nussbaum.
Jaroslav Šebek: Mezi křížem a národem. Politické prostředí sudetoněmeckého katolicismu v meziválečném Československu.
Authors: Nešpor Zdeněk R.
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Jaroslav Šebek.
Jaroslav Pinkava: F. V. Peřinka. Ojedinělý badatel.
Authors: Soukupová Blanka
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Jaroslav Pinkava.
Kramářová J. (a kol.): (Ne)bolí. Vzpomínky Romů na válku a život po válce.
Authors: Budilová Lenka
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by J. Kramářová.
Pražská Muzejní noc
Authors: Hroníková Linda , Škvařilová Božena
Published: January 2025

V sobotu 17. června 2006 se v Praze již potřetí konala kulturní akce s názvem Muzejní noc. Pořadateli byly Národní muzeum, Asociace muzeí a galerií ČR a Dopravní podnik hl. m. Prahy, a.s. Na organizaci se podílely také další muzea a instituce, mezi nimi i Hrdličkovo muzea člověka Univerzity Karlovy.
Otázky neolitu a eneolitu našich zemí
Authors: Hroníková Linda , Priorová Petra
Published: January 2025

Místem konání již 25. ročníku konference Otázky neolitu a eneolitu našich zemí se stala secesní budova Východočeského muzea v Hradci Králové. Hlavním pořadatelem byla Fakulta humanitních studií Univerzity Hradek Králové (FHS HK), katedra praktické a experimentální archeologie.
Ad Honorem Septuagenarii
Authors: Břicháček Václav
Published: January 2025

Je tomu již hodně přes 100 let, kdy tehdejší čtyřicátník Emil Frýda – Jaroslav Vrchlický byl oslovován jako ctihodný kmet. Tehdy se střední věk člověka pohyboval kolem 40 let. Svět se však po mnoha stránkách změnil, střední věk mužů se dnes prodloužil téměř o 40 let. Radikálně se posunula věková struktura celé české populace, ale zároveň se změnil biodromální pohled na život člověka. Nástup stáří se posouvá, mezi vrcholící dospělostí a stárnutím není ostrý předěl. Znakem produktivního stárnutí je nadhled nad „vřavou světa“ a postupné chápání osobního vývoje, vývoje našich blízkých, vývoje různých komunit a vlastně i celé společnosti
Poznámka k Barbarasově knize o vnímání
Authors: Brabec Jan
Published: January 2025

In the “Essay on sensorily perceived objects” contained in his book Perception, R. Barbaras revisits past philosophies (empiricism, intellectualism, Husserl, and Bergson), in order to propose a philosophy of perception that would be more acceptable to him. There is still apparent effort to find some origin, bases, and original dimension of perception; thus the author in this way gradually criticizes older approaches. He reaches a concept of perception as certain interplay of the perceiving and the perceived, life and world, that he describes as a style of world being.
Město
Authors: Weber Max
Published: January 2025

In the edition “Archiv für Sozialwissenschaften und Sozialpolitik”, Volume 47, dated 1921, the famous Max Weber’s essay “The City“ that later became known to researchers under this title on urban problems, was published for the first time. This essay was also included under the same title as Chapter VIII in the comprehensive anthology “Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft” (Grundriß der Sozialökonomik, Section III), Tübingen 1922. The editor of the 4th issue, dated 1956, Johannes Winckelmann, reformulated the title as follows: “Illegitimate rule (Typology of Cities)”. This work is divided into 5 sections: Section 1: Notion and category of a city, Section 2: City of the Occident, Section 3: Feudal town in middle ages and antiquity, Section 4: Plebeian town, and Section 5: Roman and middle ages democracy. In the very first Czech translation we publish the first section, only.
Estetika v (životě a) díle Konrada Lorenze
Authors: Stibral Karel , Stella Marco
Published: January 2025

We would like to state at the outset that this article is not only a reaction to Zdeňek Pinc’s article, dated 2004, but also a contribution to further discussions. That is the reason it is composed of two parts – the first one is, as the section’s title suggests, reaction to Zdeňek Pinc’s contribution to the Lorenz topic, the second and longer part is our attempt to scrutinize this issue from somewhat different point of view. In his article Few comments by a non-biologist on Stanislav Komárek’s reviews, Pinc expresses, totally justifiably, astonishment and partly also dismay about certain facts regarding involvement of Konrad Lorenz in theory and practice of racial measures instituted by the Third Reich. It might possibly seem that this is a singular and unprecedented problem (Nobel price laureate and at the same time Parteigenosse Nr. 6170554?). However, recent years indicate that the issue of use and misuse of biology, anthropology and other scientific disciplines in the name of Nazism is much more extensive, more complex and sometimes also more atrocious than we have, up to now, anticipated or hoped for. This is collaborated by the volume of recent or less recent publications. In this country, it is not customary to study this issue and Zdeněk Pinc totally justifiably and at the right time has urged “to turn attention of researchers in this direction“ – west of our borders, the interest in this topic is slowly diminishing and moreover archives and libraries in the former Eastern Block countries contain many surprises still awaiting their disclosure.
Řečová integrace příslušníků minorit
Authors: Rangelova Albena , Janovec Ladislav
Published: January 2025

Presented contribution was created based on texts collected within the project titled Language integration of foreigners in the area of vocabulary undertaken in the Czech Language Institute of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, in the period between 2001-2003. We trace spoken texts of members of immigrant minorities, namely Bulgarian, Ukrainian, and Russian. When this material was collected, there was certain unbalance of the sample regarding number of respondents of different nationalities (the largest sample was Bulgarian, the smallest was Russian). Despite this shortcoming, the texts allowed the most general comparison of types of relevant interference effects related to membership of individual Slavonic nations (or languages): Thus we traced classes of mistakes connected with certain language effect that differs in the native and learned language. It must be also stressed that quantitative research in this area is very demanding: Examined minority communities, defined by their language only, are socially very diverse and thus we limited ourselves to just probe the qualitative analysis of this topic. We tried to understand and appropriately interpret connections and relations of language behavior of a foreigner in contact with majority society using its (majority) language.
Noam Chomsky, Michel Foucault, Fons Elders: Člověk, moc a spravedlnost.
Authors: Sokol Jan
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Noam Chomsky, Michel Foucault and Fons Felders.
Jiří Vondrák, Fedor Stokal: Legendy folku & country. Jediný téměř úplný příběh folku, trampské a country písně u nás.
Authors: Nešpor Zdeněk R.
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Jiří Vondrák and Fedor Stokal.
Dana Bittnerová, Miriam Moravcová a kol.: Kdo jsem a kam patřím? Identita národnostních menšin a etnických komunit na území České republiky.
Authors: Heřmanský Martin
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Dana Bittnerová and Mirjam Moravcová.
Jan Fridrich: Ecce Homo: Svět dávných lovců a sběračů.
Authors: Matoušek Václav
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Jan Fridrich.
Skalník Petr šedesátník
Authors: Kandert Josef
Published: January 2025

Po maturitě (1962) nastoupil přímo do druhého ročníku afrikanistiky na FFUK v Praze (1962–1963) a tehdy jsme se, my afrikanisté, také poprvé setkali s jeho aktivní (i aktivistickou) povahou. Po roce studia v Celetné ulici, kdy dohnal i všechny zkoušky za první ročník, odejel studovat stejný obor do Sovětského svazu, na Leningradskou universitu (1963–1967). Zde studoval u profesora Olderogga a během prázdnin se pod vedením profesora Potapova účastnil výzkumu v Tuvinské ASR na Altaji (1966). Z tohoto výzkumu přivezl Náprstkovu muzeu reprezentativní sbírku dokumentující materiální kulturu Tuvinců, která dodnes čeká na zpracování či vystavení. Po návratu do Československa získal roku 1968 titul PhDr a začal působit na katedře orientalistiky FFUK v Praze (1967–1971). Pro svou angažovanost v době Pražského jara 1968 musel v normalizačním období Filosofickou fakultu UK opustit. V letech 1971–1976 působil na katedře národopisu v Bratislavě, kde položil základy antropologické knihovny. Pobyt na Slovensku využil i k výzkumu v obcích Vyšná a Nižná Šuňava, který zatím zúročil v několika článcích. Během bratislavského pobytu se tak připravoval na obhajobu kandidátské práce, kterou ale mohl obhájit až po roce 1990.
Skončilo století umění, nastává století…
Authors: Vančát Jaroslav
Published: January 2025

Po počátečním úžasu, že konečně může být přítomen události, o které mnoho četl a spoustu zajímavého slyšel, jedné z nejprestižnějších přehlídek světového umění, na níž byly prosazeny mnohé zásadní výtvarné počiny (např. americká abstrakce na začátku šedesátých let nebo postmodernistické tendence na začátku let osmdesátých) se i pro českého zájemce výtvarného umění stává návštěva benátského Bienále pomalu již také rutinou. Dvouročí ubíhají jedno za druhým a mnohé expozice, či díla, která se zdála být zajímavá, se stírají při dalších návštěvách pod dojmy z úplně stejně zajímavých expozic a děl. Tak se vkrádá otázka, zda to vše někam směřuje, třeba k nějakému vývoji (jak jsme z našich pozic stále ještě zvyklí se tázat) nebo alespoň k nějakému viditelnému předělu, jako býval kdysi nástup výše zmíněných směrů.
Teta všech Romů – Milena Hübschmannová
Authors: Jurková Zuzana
Published: January 2025

V roce 1951 maturovala na anglickém gymnáziu H. Fasta v Praze, v letech 1951–56 studovala hindštinu, urdštinu a bengálštinu na FF UK. V té době se začala intenzivně zajímat o Romy a jejich kulturu. Od r. 1956 byla redaktorkou v Československém rozhlase. 1963 se jí narodila dcera Tereza (manželem MH byl rozhlasový režisér Josef Melč). Školní rok 1968/9 strávila jako učitelka mateřské školy v romské osadě Rakúsy u Kežmarku. V letech 1969 –73 (tedy po celou dobu existence) byla předsedkyní společensko-vědní komise Svazu Cikánů-Romů. 1968–74 pracovala ve Filozofickém a sociologickém ústavu ČSAV, 1974–5 na Pedagogické fakultě UK. V letech 1975–82 byla bez stálého zaměstnání kvůli nesouhlasu s asimilační politikou, uplatňovanou vůči Romům, 1982-91 učila romštinu na jazykové škole, od r. 1991 vedla romistiku na Indologickém ústavu FF UK. Byla zakladatelkou a od založení v r. 1994 až do smrti i šéfredaktorkou časopisu Romano Džaniben. V roce 1994 získala titul CSc., v r. 2000 se habilitovala. V roce 1992 obdržela od Nadace Charty 77 Cenu Františka Kriegla, v letech 2002 medaili Za zásluhy III. stupně a 2003 Za zásluhy I. stupně od prezidenta Václava Havla.
Na stopě Ur-Švejka?
Authors: Sokol Jan
Published: January 2025

O objevech se říká, že vznikají z usilovné práce. Nevím, zda to, co následuje, je skutečně objev – zato vím, že jsem se o něj nijak nepřičinil a po pravdě řečeno si s ním ani nevím rady. O to víc mi vrtá hlavou.
Lévinasovo hledání Tváře a homilie Benedikta XVI.
Authors: Vik Dalibor
Published: January 2025

This reflection freely develops the central motif of Lévinas’ essay “Heidegger, Gagarin and us”. Our aim is to stress especially those moments when the irreplaceable experience of ethical dimension of being is demonstrated most dramatically. We place in contrast the urgency, strength and novelty, still contained in the Lévinas’ massage until today, with the homily of Benedikt XVI given on the occasion of his entry into the Papal Office which, for our purposes, we consider to be a certain reflection of the current development trends of the Catholic Church and therefore by extension of the Christian congregation as a whole.
Národ jako kulturní konstrukt?
Authors: Hroch Miroslav
Published: January 2025

During the past decade there is a growing number of researchers that approach nation as a “Cultural construct” or even as “Erfundene Gemeinschaft”. Instead of studying the question of program, social basis or organizational forms, growing number of new publications focus on research of national symbols, commemorations, myths – and role of women in national movements. Instead of the question WHY?, the question HOW? becomes more prevalent. Stated more precisely, instead of search for chain of causation in world of objective “outer” relationships, these connections are searched for in the “inner” world of actors who are, on numerous occasions, regarded as “creators” of a nation. This is implicitly based on a notion that forms of national life, same as the idea of a nation, were present at a cradle of national subjects. Explicitly, the role of irrational factors as opposed to rational ones is stressed; feeling against intellect.
Proměny religiozity volyňských Čechů
Authors: Nešporová Olga
Published: January 2025

Volyn Czechs compose a group that has been afforded significant attention by both scientific researchers, as well as by regular citizens. However, despite this interest the topic of religiosity has been mostly neglected and was totally sidetracked away from major interest of researchers who are interested in this group during the post-emigration period when especially the gradual integration of repatriates into the majority society was investigated.
Pluralita Dějin
Authors: Nebřenský Zdeněk
Published: January 2025

Druhý týden v listopadu 2004 přinesly tiskové agentury zprávu, že zemřela americká publicistka a autorka historické literatury Iris Shun Ru Chang (1968- 2004). V následujícím textu připomenu vedle historiografické produkce této nekonvenční osobnosti také některé rozporuplné reakce, které její participace na veřejném diskursu vyvolávala. Kladu si otázku, proč reinterpretace tradic např. ve formě pouhého diskursivního předmětu (knihy), mobilizují v soudobých moderních kulturách jednání společenských subjektů? Je zajímavé sledovat, jak historická zkušenost transformovaná v dějepisectví jednoho z emancipačních hnutí, reprezentuje partikulární obrazy světa jeho aktérů v morálním řádu nárokujícího si univerzalistickou platnost. Opakovaně se objevuje otázka, která nebyla dosud dostatečně vysvětlena – proč právě historické texty a historický argument zvláště představuje často klíčovou kategorii morální legitimizace a to i v podmínkách imigrantských společností, jejichž identitu údajně zakládá projekt otevřené budoucnosti na rozdíl od společností kontinentální Evropy definované minulostí – společnou vzpomínkou na příběh předků. V nedoslední řadě stručně načrtnu problém normativních principů, na které se recenzovaná historická vyprávění odvolávají.
Stanislav Komárek: Spasení těla, Moc, nemoc a psychosomatika.
Authors: Sokol Jan
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Stanislav Komárek.
Martin Kuna (edit.): Nedestruktivní archeologie. Teorie, metody a cíle.
Authors: Matoušek Václav
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Martin Kuna.
Vida Čok: Právo na občanství.
Authors: Muhič-Dizdarevič Selma
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Vida Čok.
Třikrát Lakoff
Authors: Brabec Jan , Svobodová Marta , Krtilová Kateřina
Published: January 2025

Three reviews of the book by George Lakoff (and Mark Johnson).
Zuzana Malinovská-Šalamonová: Román jako Mimesis a Mathesis (na príklade románovej tvorby Hervého Bazina).
Authors: Fulka Josef
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Zuzana Malinovská-Šalamonová.
Jerzy Zygmunt Szeja: Gry fabularne - nowe zjawisko kultury wspólczesnej.
Authors: Janeček Petr
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Jerzy Zygmunt Szeja.
Ivan Blecha: Fenomenologie a kultura slepé skvrny.
Authors: Novotný Karel
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Ivan Blecha.
Sběratelé bobříků
Authors: Cílek Václav
Published: January 2025

Máloco dokáže jinak chladné vědce rozpálit tak jako otázka, jak měřit vědu a tedy svoji pověst i pozici vlastní discipliny mezi ostatními naukami. Nejedná se zde jenom o měření výkonu, ale také o hierarchii pracovišť a toky financí směřující do určitých disciplín.
Obraz Balkánu v českých internetových cestopisech
Authors: Šístek František
Published: January 2025

Internet travellogues are very popular with Czech users of the World Wide Web and their number is constantly growing. Czech internet travellogues dedicated to the Balkans constitute an interesting and yet unexplored source of images of the other, stereotypes and mental maps. The form of travellogues varies from short descriptions of the trip accompanied by several pictures to extensive accounts of the journey, often based on personal diaries. The identity of the authors and participants is sometimes impossible to establish since they frequently use only nicknames and do not provide sufficent personal information. However, it is clear that most authors are young people aged 20–29, often college students or just out of school. Most internet travellogues identify Albania, Bosnia-Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, and Serbia as countries that constitute the region of the Balkans. Greece and Croatia are not regarded as Balkan countries. Instead, they are viewed as typical destinations of Mediterranean summer tourism. The Balkans is much more than a simple geographic term. The terms Balkans (Balkán) and Balkanic (balkánský) as found throughout the analyzed travellogues signify something dangerous, wild, unpredictable, chaotic, absurd and lacking order. These connotations of the term are not necessarily negative – for many young Czech authors of the travellogues, the characterization of the Balkans as a wild and unpredictable place is quite attractive. The Balkans is also associated with images of poverty, negligence, and visible reminders of the Yugoslav wars in the western part of the penninsula. However, signs of modernization and development can be described as Balkanic, too. The encounter with moderni­zation in the supposedly wild and backward region is viewed as something absurd. And absurdity is a notion associated with the Balkans. Generally, any object or situation encountered in the area identified as the Balkans can be labelled as Balkanic. Most travellogues are dedicated to Romania, Bulgaria, and Montenegro. Our travellers are attracted by a combination of wild and relatively unspoiled mountains, historical sights (monasteries, old towns etc.) and Black Sea or Adriatic beaches. Serbia, Bosnia and Macedonia have received only limited attention. These landlocked countries are often closely associated with the images of recent military conflicts. Until recently, the visa regime also made them less attractive than the first three. Albania is definitely viewed as a symbolic heart of the Balkans, a little known, exotic and dangerous land. For many visitors, however, a trip to Albania was a disappointment – the country was too “normal”.
Osamělost a bezvýznamnost v perspektivě Arendtové typologie lidských aktivit
Authors: Novotný Jaroslav
Published: January 2025

The paper points to the fact of Arendt’s analysis of totalitarism (H. ARENDT, The Origins of Totalitarism) having its starting point in the distinction made by Montesquieu between forms of government on one hand and principles of government on the other, which, applied by Arendt to the phenomenon of totalitarism, allows her to analyse the relationship between ideology and terror in a particular manner. When she asks the hermeneutical question of what problems ideology and terror are the solution of, it appears to her that the answer is it is the problem of loneliness and that of insignificance (superfluousness) we are confronted with here. In order to understand these problems in connection with the modern concept of the human being, it is imperative for us to see their import on the background of the description by Marx of labour in its extreme form of machinery. The phenomena of loneliness and insignificance (superfluousness) appear then as pieces of experience concomitant to a certain general mode of understanding the relationship between humans and their world, whereby human beings are considered components of a self-contained system of processes. This insight, then, allows us also to discern the phenomena of loneliness and insignificance (superfluousness) as pieces of experience concomitant to human beings’ self-understanding in a society of ever increasing production and consumption. As long as this viewpoint is maintained, the danger of ideological thinking and possible resulting forms of terror proves a relevant problem. For the complex of the interrelated questions under discussion to be fully understood, it is imperative that we should discern the inveterate tenacity, in the history of European metaphysical tradition, of the motive of processuality, which also bears upon the forming of the relationship between human beings and their world.
Kléméns Alexandrijský: Pobídka Řekům.
Authors: Kružík Josef
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Kléméns Alexandrijský.
Haldis Haukanes: Velká dramata - obyčejné životy. Postkomunistické zkušenosti českého venkova.
Authors: Turková Miloslava
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Haldis Haukanes.
Josef Kandert: Každodenní život vesničanů středního Slovenska v šedesátých až osmdesátých letech 20. století.
Authors: Nešpor Zdeněk R.
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Josef Kandert.
Barbara Rose Lange: Holy Brotherhood – Romani Music in a Hungarian Pentecostal Church.
Authors: Jurková Zuzana
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Barbara Rose Lange.
Jaroslav Hlaváč (ed.): Živel Země.
Authors: Matoušek Václav
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Jaroslav Hlaváč.
Česko-bulharské kolokvium 2005
Authors: Budilová Lenka , Jakoubek Marek
Published: January 2025

Akce vznikla za spolupráce Ústavu slavistických a východoevropských studií FF UK v Praze a Filologické fakulty Plovdivské univerzity Paisije Chilendarského a za podpory Velvyslanectví Bulharské republiky v ČR a Bulharského kulturního institutu v Praze. Doprovodnými akcemi česko-bulharského kolokvia byla jednak výstava Dílo Cyrila a Metoděje v Bulharsku organizovaná Cyrilometodějským vědeckým střediskem při Bulharské akademii věd a Bulharským kulturním institutem v Praze, jednak výstava publikací sofijského Cyrilometodějského vědeckého střediska při bulharské akademii věd. Obě dvě doprovodné akce se uskutečnily rovněž na půdě hlavní budovy Filozofické fakulty.
Chudoba a ponechanost
Authors: Novák Aleš
Published: January 2025

The paper on Heidegger’s late conception of basic human condition called “Gelassenheit” tries to show the theological inspiration drawn especially from the mediaeval German Master Eckhart, hand in hand with Heidegger’s transformative conception of phenomenology. The main concern of Heidegger is to forsake the metaphysical foundation of the human condition in the self-regulating will, which leads to the corruption of human essence (Wesen) regarded only as manipulating the existing things reduced in its essence to a sheer source (Bestand). Humans, being but sources themselves, are compelled by the metaphysical “power” that’s taking place as the essence of technology under the name of Ge-Stell. Heidegger attempts to re-think the topic of Gelassenheit as an alternatively conception of the human condition not founded in the will, so that the conception of freedom does not consist in self-regulation, but in being in charge of the openness of the Being (die Gegnet), usually called the truth of Being in the sense of the so-called “clearing” (Lichtung). The human essence consists of one negative and one positive step of letting-be: the negative “action” of letting-be is the step of forsaking the striving of the manipulative will (Ablassen); the positive part of the Gelassenheit means the step of letting myself to start with the openness of Being (Gegnet), in which everything happens on its own and respectively to the sense of its own essence. The transformed meaning of phenomenology – with its maxim: to the matters themselves! (Zu den Sachen selbst!) – appears to be the transformation itself, so that Heidegger’s late conception of phenomenology can be called the transformative phenomenology transforming the one who is taking part in a different way of letting things to be seen.
Peter Burke: Francouzská revoluce v dějepisectví.
Authors: Nebřenský Zdeněk
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Peter Burke.
Alan Dundes, Carl R. Pagter: When You´re Up to Your Ass in Alligators. More Urban Folklore from the Paperwork Empire.
Authors: Janeček Petr
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Alan Dundes and Carl R. Pagter.
Sv. Dionýsios Areopagita: O mystické theologii. O božských jménech.
Authors: Kružík Josef
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Saint Dionýsios Areopagita.
Phillip Cole: Philosophies of Exclusion, Liberal Political Theory and Immigration.
Authors: Muhič-Dizdarevič Selma
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Phillip Cole.
Otto Pöggeler: Bild und Technik. Heidegger, Klee und die moderne Kunst.
Authors: Novák Aleš
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Otto Pöggeler.
E. Rekosh, K.A.Buchko, V. Terzieva (ed.): Pursuing The Public Interest - A Handbook for Legal Professionals and Activists.
Authors: Zhřívalová Petra
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by E. Rekosh, K. A. Buchko and V. Terzieva.
Josef Bláha: Tóra a moderní židovská filosofie.
Authors: Doleželová Jana
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Josef Bláha.
Karel Kaplan: StB o sobě, Výpověď vyšetřovatele Bohumila Doubka.
Authors: Hrubý Petr
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Karel Kaplan.
Jana Belišová: Phurikane giľa, starodávne rómske piesne.
Authors: Jurková Zuzana
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Jana Belišová.
Timothy Taylor: The Buried Soul. How Humans Invented Death.
Authors: Nešporová Olga
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Timothy Taylor.
Salomon Malka: Emmanuel Lévinas, la vie et la trace.
Authors: Novotný Karel
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Salomon Malka.
Jan Stejskal: Podivuhodný příběh Jana Jeronýma.
Authors: Zaoral Roman
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Jan Stejskal.
Politické kultury reálného socialismu
Authors: Skovajsa Marek
Published: January 2025

The prospects for an harmonious and unimpeded development of democracy in the post-communist countries remain one of the central concerns of the political science research at the beginning of 21 st century. These countries' chances to develop a stable and prosperous democracy are limited or pre-determined by the continuing presence of the patterns of thought and behavior which evolved in response to the specific conditions of life in a communist political system. The extended exposition to the influence of the patterns of attitudes typical of the communist regime could not fail to modify the patterns of attitudes which determine political behavior of the citizens in the post-communist era. In this article, the conceptual framework of the political culture theory is used in an attempt to discover and investigate the various psycho-cultural effects the political system of so called "really existing socialism" had on the post-communist political culture in the Czech Republic. In the first part, a survey of the most important concepts of the political culture theory relevant for the study of post-communist political culture is offered. Notably, Almond and Verba's notion of the civic culture and various psychological theories (Adorno, Eysenck) are sketched out and their importance for the question discussed is established. In the analysis of the Czech communist and post-communist political culture the distinction introduced in earlier studies of communist political systems between an ideal and an actual political culture is maintained, the former being the set of political attitudes postulated by the official ideology and the latter the one to be empirically found in the society. Within the actual political culture, four main subtypes were distinguished: 1. culture of acceptance; 2. culture of adaptation; 3. culture of escape; 4. culture of protest. The idea! political culture was sought in the texts of Marxist-Leninist authors concerned with the citizens' political activity. The political activism proclaimed by the official ideology was shown to remain in the domain of mere postulations. Similarly the concept of "political awareness" was deprived by the official ideology of its emancipatory content and changed into a means of manipulation. Less veiled was the official support for the citizens' escape into the private sphere and the emphasis on collectivist, as against individualist, values. In the closing section of the article various elements of present Czech political culture which can be traced back into the communist political culture, both ideal and actual, are discussed. The inheritance of the communist past includes: predominance of passive orientations toward politics, excessive proportion of parochial, "privatist" attitudes and, in the political elite, a preference for the conception of "antipolitical" politics, a conception that favors in formal political structures, community-based solidarity and extra-institutional channels of political communication.
Město jako prostor mizení
Authors: Bystřický Jiří
Published: January 2025

The study is concerned with the problem of aesthetics of the vanishing representation of the space of stability, on modem production of linked town planning and media systems which are able to generate their own ways of reality according to an algorithm of emptying of forms a given system uses. (The originally natural environment has acquired a new organisation of space and time in society. This materialises according to the criteria of the forms which are being introduced: instead of the visible outstanding objects - built-up area, houses, streets and shops, etc. - one can see the "signs of night" - computer networks, server terminals, electronic displays of information boards, etc). In this case it is a system of new configuration networks of urban space. This leads to an ironic result: a reversal of the principle of construction of reality in which each concept of geological stability is turning into its very opposite - a sphere of instability, a principle of displacement of what had originally been real. This change has been largely influenced by the present-day development of tele-technologies with their high transport speed or with the way of mediated de-territorialisation of natural space. From this viewpoint on can say that what is now called town planning is just a model, constructed or removed by means of a system of transport, transit and transfer. The very sphere of transfer and individual transmitting networks is delineating new borders and principles of displacement directly inside the towns. ln them, there is a revision of the original meaning of built-up areas and stability of a certain area. A locality as a firm delineation of space is vanishing to the benefit of transformation of the content of messages from institutions which make part of multinational economies. They are eroding the consciousness of belonging to a specific area because the main source of information about a given locality is almost always subject to a system of a configuration network of dominant transfers. They produce "localities", but only within the framework of their attachment and generation of the importance of the content of a message, especially in view of the multi-national, trans-territorial and, first and foremost, virtual occupation of space. The configuration of spatial objects and individual parts of a town thus succumb to technological deregulation of mediation by the media. To put it exactly: within the framework of the presented deregulation they discreetly enter the ground of modem aesthetics of disappearance.
Havana
Authors: Opatrný Josef
Published: January 2025

Havana patří k nejstarším městům založeným Evropany na západní polokouli a jak její dnešní architektonickou podobu tak etnické a sociální složení obyvatel aglomerace utvářela řada faktorů. Významnou roli hrál především fakt, že havanskou zátoku považovali Španělé za jeden z nejlepších přirozených přístavů ve svých koloniích. Parametry Havanské zátoky - její velikost, hloubka, úzký vjezd chránící ji před pronikáním vln z rozbouřeného moře i vynikající obranné možnosti dané skalnatým pobřežím, nad nímž se tyčily pahorky vhodné pro ustavení dělových baterií téměř zaručujících nedobytnost města - vedly první kolonisty k rozhodnutí přemístit osadu založenou původně v místě dnešního nevýznamného přístavu Batábano del Sur na jižním pobřeží ostrova do lépe položené lokality.
Televizní diskusní pořad o mezietnických vztazích
Authors: Hašová Lucie
Published: January 2025

The article is trying, by means of the knowledge from the politeness theory by P. Brown and S. Levinson, to analyse some aspects of the television discussion programme Na hraně (On the Edge), which was devoted to the life of Romanies in the Czech Republic. The author analyses positive and negative politeness strategies of the anchormen and participants in the discussion - representatives of the civil service, politicians, Romany activists and Romany as well as non Romany students. By means of specific example it shows how the individual participants in the programme preserve or threaten their image, how they come to terms with the threat to their image, how they either deliberately threaten the image of other people or preserve and sometimes not only preserve, but also "improve" the image. The analysis has shown that the used strategies largely differed and were socially determined. The initial role, which had been assigned to the participants in the debate, to a large extent influenced the choice of strategy. However, it was also significantly influenced by the experience of individual participants in the performance in a public discussion. This is why the threat and keeping of one's and someone else's image was conducted in various ways and on various levels. The author successively analysed various types of positive and negative politeness strategies. Signs of positive politeness clearly prevailed over the signs of negative politeness. This was caused by the general character of the discussion programme Na hraně, which is not devised to resolve certain problems, but to discuss them and confront the views of the young generation with those of experts. The overwhelming majority of signs of a threat to image (one's own or someone else's), which she found in the programme, was in this or other way connected with the personality of Petr Uhl. Note: This paper was delivered in German at the conference Polyslav, held on October 7-9 in Torun, and a German version will also be published in the proceedings from the conference.
Projekt český antisemitismus jako součást české i středoevropské kultury a konstanta židovských dějin (1869-1938)
Authors: Soukupová Blanka
Published: January 2025

Univerzita Karlova, Fakulta humanitních studií zahájila ve spolupráci s Židovským muzeem v Praze v únoru roku 2001 rozsáhlý mezioborový výzkumný plán věnovaný kulturnímu fenoménu českého antisemitismu v letech 1869 až 1938.
Parníkem po Praze, 135 let historie Pražské paroplavební společnosti
Authors: Segerová Vendula
Published: January 2025

Výstava byla věnovaná prezentaci dlouhodobé tradice osobní lodní dopravy v Praze a 135leté historii Pražské paroplavební společnosti (PPS).
Pražská ulice včera a dnes
Authors: Segerová Vendula
Published: January 2025

Pražská ulice je místo, kde denně pobýváme a mnohdy si ani neuvědomujeme, kolika ulicemi procházíme a jak vypadají. Bereme je jako něco samozřejmého. Každý, kdo někdy opustil své bydliště, využil, aniž si to možná uvědomil, služeb ulice. Ulice by nám měla ulehčit a zpříjemnit chůzi i pobyt svým povrchem, čistotou, případně i osvěžující zelení, měla by být bezpečně osvětlená, čitelně označená a může nás informovat také o zajímavých akcích, které se v městě konají. Toto vše, pokud to bezchybně slouží, bereme jako běžnou věc a dostatečně si vše uvědomujeme většinou teprve tehdy, když se objeví nějaké překážky v našem pohybu, nedostatky či dokonce havárie. Život na ulici a jeho uspořádání jsou dnes součástí života celého organismu města. Představitelé města se již v minulosti (stejně jako dnes) zabývali řešením jednotlivých problémů, a to prostřednictvím jak komunálních, tak i soukromých zdrojů.
Ve znamení nové doby
Authors: Chmelová Martina
Published: January 2025

Vynález knihtisku v 15. století znamená počátek typografického věku. Objevuje se možnost psát bez pera a kalamáře. Tištěná kniha se stává nástrojem k rychlému šíření myšlenek. Knihy vydané od druhé poloviny 15. století do 17. století dokumentují obsahové bohatství, touhu po poznání věcí a míst blízkých i vzdálených, záliby čtenářů i tiskařský um.
František Zich a kol.: Vytváření přeshraničního společenství na Česko-německé hranici.
Authors: Šťovíček Jan
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by František Zich.
Blanka Soukupová: Česká společnost před sto lety. Identita, stereotyp, mýtus.
Authors: Gawrecki Dan
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Blanka Soukupová.
Dušan Lužný: Náboženství a moderní společnost. Sociologické teorie modernizace a sekularizace.
Authors: Nešpor Zdeněk R.
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Dušan Lužný.
Georges BATAILLE: Prokletá část / Teorie náboženství.
Authors: Bystřický Jiří
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Georges Bataille.
Vlastivědný sborník Podřipsko č. 10, 2000.
Authors: Šťovíček Jan
Published: January 2025

A review of the book.
Skutečnost a subjekt
Authors: Benyovszky Ladislav
Published: January 2025

The study follows up the reflection "Historical basis of the transformation of soul into spirit." lt shows that Descartes' concept of man as the "narrowest link of soul and body" did not yet fully arrive at the approach to the human species as a subject, as an acting individual, because it was unable to consider the human body differently than from the mechanistic point of view. According to the study the shortcoming arises from the fact that Descartes did not approach the being as reality. This only happened by Spinoza. This is why the study centered on an interpretation of Spinoza's concept of being as reality. The examination is made in the form of an interpretation of Spinoza's famous argument 29 in the first part of Ethic. The reflection is an immediate continuation of the study "Reality and subject." It thoroughly analyses individual structural aspects of Spinoza's concept of reality: substance-mode; freedom-necessity; God-attribute-final thing; the cause itself. On the strength of this it shows a transformation in the concept of an individual thing - it is understanding from conatus as an inherent characteristic. It shows that it has thus prepared a way to a unified approach to man as an acting individual. The paper leads to the reflection that Spinoza was the first to regard the man as a subject.