bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Whole genome approach in conservation biology and its perspectives
Authors: Kliver Sergei F.
Published: October 2021

Conservation biology aims to maintain biological diversity and to defend species from extinction. The number of endangered species is constantly increasing from year to year, reflecting both a deteriorating situation and an increasing number of studied species. In order to obtain a reliable assessment of the status and conservation planning of threatened species, not only an estimate of current total abundance, but also data on population structure, demographic history, and genetic diversity are needed. The development of new approaches and lower costs of sequencing have made it possible to solve these problems at a level previously inaccessible and have led to the formation of conservation genomics. This review discusses the opportunities and prospects offered by the use of whole genome sequencing in conservation biology, features of sample gathering for sequencing, as well as some features of planning whole genome studies. In addition, emphasis is placed on the importance of the formation of open biobanks of samples and cell cultures at the national level.
Comparative study of a mixture of lignocaine and tetracaine cream and a mixture of lignocaine and prilocaine cream for pain relief during venepuncture in adult patients: A prospective, randomized, double blinded clinical trial
Authors: Mitra Anuradha , Alima Shanal , Ray Subrata , Roy Sourabh
Published: October 2021

Pain sensation from venepuncture not only affects the patient physically and psychologically but also hinders the functioning of the health care provider. Lignocaine has been tested for its use in order to decrease intensity of pain during intravenous cannulation for long time. A newer drug tetracine with less systemic adverse effects has been tried recently. The analgesic efficacy of the eutectic mixture of lignocaine and prilocaine has been compared with mixture of Lignocaine and tetracaine when applied during venepuncture in adult patients under similar condition, as there is dearth of study with tetracaine.

90 patients randomly allocated in two groups and finally 80 patients analysed, after dropout each group having 40 patients. Group P- Topical application of Lignocaine & Prilocaine cream before venepuncture (n=40).Group T - Topical applicaton of Lignocaine & Tetracaine cream before venepuncture (n=40).The effectiveness of analgesia was determined by documenting the 10 point Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Hemodynamic parameters were noted as secondary outcome.

Demographic profile were comparable, mean pain score (VAS) of the patients of Group-P was significantly higher than that of the patients of Group-T (t=3.74; p<0.001). Hemodynamic parameters were normal.

Finding of the study corroborate that Lignocaine 7% & Tetracaine 7% cream (group T) offers better analgesia than Lignocaine 2.5% & Prilocaine 2.5% cream (group P) when applied under similar conditions 60 minutes before venepuncture in adult patients.
Effect of acupuncture at the EX-HN3 (Yintang) point on pre operative anxiety levels in patients undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia
Authors: Patil Manjunath C , Nadaf Mohammed Rizwan , Hanagandi Meghana
Published: October 2021

Pre-operative anxiety is unpleasant state of psychological distress, uneasiness or tension. Increased pre-operative anxiety has correlation with increased post-operative pain, analgesic requirement and prolonged hospitalisation. Due to the associated side effects with pharmacological methods many non-pharmacological methods have been adopted. Acupuncture lacks side effects and is of relatively low cost. Hence we assess the pre-operative anxiety levels in patients undergoing surgical procedures by using acupuncture at EX-HN3 (Yintang) point.

To assess the effect of acupuncture on pre-operative anxiety levels in patients undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia.

A total of 240 patients undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia will be included in the study. Patients will be randomized in to two groups.Group A: Patients receiving acupuncture at EX-HN3 (Yintang) point.Group B: Patients not receiving acupuncture.At the pre-operative visit, on the day of surgery before and after acupuncture therapy, the patient will be assessed for anxiety scores using.

The two groups were comparable demographically. Pre-operative anxiety levels as assessed by objective criteria (HR, BP, RR) shown significant reduction in intervention group(P<0.001) compared to the control group(P=0.0556). The scores on STAI-S6 and Amsterdam scale were reduced in acupuncture Group A(P<0.001) (P<0.001) compared to control GroupB(P=0.47) (P=0.0095) respectively.

Acupuncture at EX-HN3 (Yintang) point decreases pre operative anxiety levels effectively in patient undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia.
Anaesthetic challenges and difficult airway in a child with Poland’s syndrome
Authors: Gupta Aikta , Kalra Bhumika
Published: October 2021

: Poland’s syndrome is an uncommon clinical disorder with a typical musculoskeletal deformity of thorax and ipsilateral upper limb with a variable spectrum of associated anomalies. Although patients of this musculoskeletal disorder have several features with potential anaesthetic risks including malignant hyperthermia, previous reports about anaesthetic management of these patients are limited.

: We report the successful anaesthetic management of a child of Poland’s syndrome posted for surgical correction of club foot who had an anticipated difficult airway alongwith unilateral chest wall defect with paradoxical breathing and ipsilateral syndactyly and hence, posing challenges in the insertion of endotracheal tube, ventilatory management, regional anaesthesia and prevention of any risk of development of malignant hyperthermia.

Paramount in the anaesthetic care of such patients is a thorough preoperative evaluation and a cautious intraoperative anaesthetic management. Avoidance of halogenated inhalational agents and depolarising neuromuscular blocking drugs, and use of controlled ventilation and regional anaesthetic techniques are recommended. The possibility of a compromised airway should always be kept in mind while anaesthetising these patients.
The effect of zinc lozenge on pain, oedema, and trismus after impacted third molar surgery: A prospective randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Rajanna Tejashree , B R Hemalatha
Published: October 2021

The postoperative sequelae after third molar surgery include pain, swelling and trismus, Zinc acts as anti-inflammatory agent, can promote wound healing, immune system modulation, tissue repair, and significant reduction in the use of analgesics for oral pain. This study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of oral zinc lozenge given 30 min before surgery on reducing postoperative sequelae.

s: We recruited 70 patients, randomly assigned to two groups: Zinc and Control group, groups received 40mg Zinc lozenge, placebo lozenge 30 min before surgery respectively and every 6h till 72h after surgery. Third molar extraction was performed under local anesthesia. After extraction, pain, swelling, and mouth opening in both groups observed till 72h.

Preoperative and postoperative measurement of visual analog scale scores for pain, edema, interincisal opening, was analyzed using Student t test or ANOVA, Chi-square or Mann-Whit­ney U test was performed for non-parametric samples. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant

: The overall incidence of Pain in the Zinc group was 18% compared to 43% in the Control group (P = .003) Incidence of Pain, swelling, and mouth opening at different time intervals 6h, 24h, 48h and 72h were significantly (P >0.05) better in Zinc group

oral zinc lozenge administered 30 minutes preoperatively can significantly reduce complications like pain, swelling, and limited mouth opening after third molar extraction.
Phonetic contouring of polished surface of denture base for speech enhancement
Authors: Saroya Komal Kaur , Singh Kavipal , Sethi Nimish , Suman Neelam
Published: October 2021

The three main factors in complete denture construction are mechanics, esthetics, and phonetics. Out of which phonetics is generally given least importance as the tongue tends to adapt and patients tend to return to normal speech after a post insertion practice period of several weeks to several months. This may not be acceptable to certain group of people in accordance with their needs to speak socially or vocationally. An accurate approximation of palatal contours of a maxillary complete denture to patient’s tongue can improve intelligibility and decrease the post- insertion practice period. This article outlines a technique to replicate the patient’s palatal anatomy onto the polished palatal surface of a complete denture.
Maxillary sinus lifting using Osseodensification: Cynosure of the implant domain
Authors: Munjal Sumit , Munjal Seema
Published: October 2021

The posterior maxilla is indubitably the site reported with highest failures in implant literature so far as the bone availability beneath the sinus poses a major challenge for surgeons. Sinus lift both by direct and various indirect accesses were hitherto utilized to counter the compromising situation. But the risk of implant failure if the implant was simultaneously placed besides the parasthesia, perforation and morbidity were experienced more with more the cases documented. The osseodensification(OD), a relatively new technique provides a minimally invasive approach along with feasibility where the above-mentioned other modalities are contraindicated. The present article presents the novel case of indirect sinus lift with OD concept and simultaneous implant placement using an adjunct PRF (Platelet-rich fibrin).
Diversity in food consumption: Evidences from urban Kerala
Authors: Karunakaran N , Retheesh P. K. , Santhosh R.
Published: October 2021

Food is fundamental to human survival and it appears to be the first item of the family budget allocation of all irrespective of class to which they belong. Kerala ranks top among the major States of India in the MPCE on food in the post liberalized era. A perusal of NSS data exhibits that, MPCE of urban Kerala is ahead of the rural for the last few decades, however, a sharp decline is noted in the last decade (2001-2011). Along with an increase in MPCE on food, an increase in food diversity is being expected. The study probe into the extent of food diversity among different income strata of urban Kerala with the unit-level data from NSS 68 consumer expenditure survey. The findings indicate that the share of expenditure on cereal in total food expenditure is high in the low-income class and low in the high-income group. The state of Kerala has high food diversity across all income classes signals a better diet quality of people. It is revealed that food diversity is low in the high and low-income groups compared to middle-income group.
Sustainable management of food wastes using effective microorganisms compost
Authors: Ravichandran S. , Singh Riddima , Kesherwani Bhagyashree , Madhumita Sri R. M.
Published: October 2021

Food waste has become a serious issue in recent years. Due toincrease in over population, solid waste also more generated and affect public health and environment. Food wastes produce methane gas that results greater impact on global warming than carbon dioxide. The composting technology is one of the alternatives, as it is the highest form of recycling of biodegradable solid waste. The study was undertaken to utilize food waste generated, into organic manure using effective micro-organism. A total of 100 kg of food wastes were collected from 100 households in Allahabad over 15 days. The pit was dug for composting using Effective Microorganisms (EM) and natural composting for remediation of organic contaminants. The compost was analyzed and the effectiveness of compost was studied through cultivation of vegetables at households. Results revealed that EM compost had fast decomposition rate, rich in nutrients, more microbial activities, good germination and more yields compared with natural compost. Thus, the study paves way for effective management of food waste in order to minimize potential human and environment risks and composting using effective microorganisms as an option of waste management operation that is cheap, Eco- friendly and sustainable.
Meta-Analysis of Emotional Regulation Training on Reducing the Symptoms of Depression Disorder
Authors: Heidari Roya , Jalilian Maryam
Published: October 2021

Aim: Emotional regulation is one of the areas that has been considered in the epidemiology of depression in the last decade. The results of studies on the effect of emotional regulation training on reducing the symptoms of depression disorder vary and contradictory. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the effectiveness of emotional regulation training on reducing the symptoms of depression disorder.
Methods: For this research, meta-analysis technique were utilized, in which the results of various research studies were integrated in order to determine the size of the effect of parental education programs. To achieve this purpose, the related literature concerning the topic was investigated in dissertations and research articles published in scientific journals from 2006 to 2020 were reviewed. Based on the research inclusion criterion, 17 research studies, including 14 articles and 3 dissertations were considered for meta-analysis. Data analysis and calculation of effect size were performed using the CMA2 software and the Hedges g-index.
Findings: The findings from this meta-analysis showed that the random effect of emotional regulation training on reducing the symptoms of depression disorder (1/39) (P< 0/001), which is evaluated in accordance with the Cohen table of the large effect size.
Conclusion: It seems that emotional regulation training can be used as a suitable method for reducing depression in educational and therapeutic centers.
Modeling Structural Equations of Relationships between Attachment Styles and Self-Differentiation with Academic Performance of University Students with the Mediating Role of Health Promoting Lifestyle
Authors: Mostafa Vafa , Falahzadeh Hajar , Ahmadi Sorur , Hamidi Omid
Published: October 2021

Aim: The aim of this study was to test the structural equation model of relationships between attachment styles and self-differentiation with academic performance of university students with the mediating role of health-promoting lifestyle.
Methods: The method of this research was descriptive and correlation type. The statistical population consisted of all undergraduate students of Shahid Beheshti University (1554 people) in the academic year of 2018-2019. The sample size was estimated to be 308 based on Cochran formula. Eventually 305 questionnaires were finalized. Research tools included the Self-Distinction Questionnaire (Skowron & Schmitt, 2003), the Adults Attachment Inventory (AAI) (Hazen and Shaver, 1987), the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile (Walker, Sichrist & Pender, 1995) and the Educational Performance Test (Pham and Taylor, 1999) were used and data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical methods (Pearson correlation, path analysis and structural equation modeling) using SPSS 23 and AMOS 26 statistical softwares.
Findings: The results showed that attachment styles and self-differentiation have a significant relationship with academic performance and these variables are able to directly predict academic performance (p<0.01). Promotional lifestyles can also play a mediating role between attachment styles and self-differentiation with academic performance (p<0.01).
Conclusion: Regarding the relationship between attachment styles, self-differentiation and health-promoting lifestyle with academic performance, special attention to these variables is necessary to improve student performance.
Chromite placer occurrences of the Volga-Ural basin – genesis, sources and industrial potential
Authors: Lalomov Alexander V. , Rakhimov Ildar R. , Grigor’eva Antonina V.
Published: October 2021

Chromium is a strategic metal, but more than a half of Russia’s needs are met by imports, so new deposits of chromites, including unconventional placer deposits, are of industrial and scientific interest. Previous studies and current works of the authors of the article have established the chromite placer metal content of Permian-Jurassic deposits of the Volga-Ural basin, which has industrial and potential significance: within the Lukoyanovsky placer area (Nizhny Novgorod region), the industrial chromite content of Jurassic coastal-marine titanium-zirconium placers has been established; in the south-west of Bashkiria, chromite-bearing sands (Sabantuy occurrence) with increased contents, but not yet clear industrial potential. The study of the typomorphism of chromites indicate their close relationship with the chrome spinel of ophiolite associations. The assumed overthrust structure of chromite-bearing hyperbasites of the Urals suggests a wide distribution of chromite-bearing sands within the Upper Permian-Jurassic Volga-Ural paleobasin, in which the increased content of chromites was controlled by hydro- and lithodynamic conditions favorable for placer formation. Questions of the genesis of chromite placer occurrences in the Ural part of the East European Platform, their distribution and primary sources need further study.
Shallow velocity model from the transient electromagnetic method data: results of application in Eastern and Western Siberia
Authors: Shelokhov Ivan A. , Buddo Igor V. , Smirnov Alexander S. , Pyankov Alexander A. , Tatyanin Nikolay V.
Published: October 2021

The geological section of Eastern and Western Siberia is an extremely complex object for a seismic exploration. The reason for this is the extremely high variability of the upper part of the section lithology, rough terrain, and permafrost rocks. This paper delivers an alternative approach to predicting the velocity model of the upper part of the section. The approach based on the original method of restoring the elastic-velocity characteristics from the data of transient electromagnetic method (TEM) in the near field zone.
Research devoted to test the methodology of the shallow section velocity model calculation based on TEM data in a number of fields in Eastern and Western Siberia. Derived results aimed to improve the accuracy of the geological model building and the reliability of the hydrocarbon plays prediction.
Synthetic modeling and field data confirm the high level of the proposed methodology effectiveness. It was shown that for the Eastern Siberia settings, an improvement in the quality of processing of seismic data consists in a significant increase in the dynamics and coherence of seismic recordings. In Western Siberia, it is possible to take into account the velocity anomalies associated with the permafrost rocks and zones of transit from the onshore part of the survey area to the sea.
The main features of the study are useful in oil & gas companies and scientific institutions dealing with seismic data processing and interpretation to optimize expenses and improve blocks geology understanding.
ANALISIS BIMBINGAN KELOMPOK BERBASIS DARING DENGAN TEKNIK DISCUSSION GROUP DALAM MENINGKATKAN MINAT BELAJAR SISWA
Authors:   Universitas Veteran Bangun Nusantara Sukoharjo, Dewi Edmawati Mahmuddah , Purwaningsih Sri Rahayu ,   Universitas Veteran Bangun Nusantara Sukoharjo
Published: October 2021

The effect of the Covid (Coronavirus) has constrained a few neighborhood governments to settle on the execution of strategies to close understudy exercises at school and carry out internet learning frameworks or distance learning. The approach for executing internet learning has been in actuality since Walk 2020 in all schools in Indonesia, including SMAN 1 Nguter. One of the impacts of learning with this online framework is the decrease in understudy revenue in SMA N 1 Nguter. This examination is a library research, which is a kind of exploration that is utilized to gather top to bottom data and information through different written works and pertinent past research results to acquire answers and hypothetical establishments in regards to the issues to be contemplated. This examination intends to look at the job of online-based gathering direction with bunch conversation methods in expanding understudy revenue in learning. Gathering direction with bunch conversation procedures can expand learning inspiration, this is on the grounds that in bunch direction there is a gathering dynamic that can make expanded understudy learning inspiration. Through bunch direction exercises, all gathering individuals lead conversations, give and get data, foster correspondence and relational abilities, inspire each other so that bunch individuals' learning inspiration increments. The execution of online-based gathering direction is one successful methodology because of the pandemic that doesn't permit the execution of up close and personal direction and advising exercises.
Hubungan Antara Self Efficacy Dengan Pengambilan Keputusan Karier Pada Siswa Kelas XII Putri MA Miftahul Qulub Galis Pamekasan
Authors: Nuri Istiqlailia  , Sa'idah Ishlakhatus
Published: October 2021

This research was motivated by many students at MA Miftahul Qulub who still lacked confidence in making career decisions. This can be seen from their inability to determine further studies to college as desired. There are also some students who are still confused about what to do after graduation. Self efficacy can influence students in determining the chosen decision making. So that in this study, researchers are interested in conducting research with the title "The Relationship Between Self Efficacy With Career Decision Making in Class XII Female Students of MA Miftahul Qulub Galis Pamekasan". The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not there was a relationship and the magnitude of the relationship between self-efficacy and career decision-making for the class XII female students of MA Miftahul Qulub Galis Pamekasan. This research is a quantitative research with the type of correlational analysis to see the relationship of the two variables of this study. The subjects in this study were 25 people. Data analysis used the Product Moment correlation method with the help of SPSS v.25 software for windows. The results of the correlation analysis showed that the significance value (p) obtained was 0.000, and the correlation coefficient (r) was 0.709. So that in this study the hypothesis is accepted, namely there is a relationship between self-efficacy and career decision making in class XII Putri MA Miftahul Qulub Galis Pamekasan students.
PERSEPSI SISWA MA ATTARAQQIE KOTA MALANG TERHADAP PEMBELAJARAN ONLINE SELAMA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Slamet Fayrus
Published: October 2021

Pembelajaran online yang berjalan selama 1 tahun lebih, membuat persepsi ataupun tanggapan dari siswa bermacam-macam, sehingga, pembelajaran online perlu di evaluasi. Peneliti menganggap perlunya untuk meneliti persepsi siswa MA Attaraqqie mengenai pembelajaran selama masa pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunnakan metode survey yang dilaksanakan secara online. Penyebaran angket melalui google form terdapat 101 respoden siswa yang terdata. Berdasarkan paparan hasil penelitian maka bisa disimpulkan bahwa siswa MA Attaraqqie Kota Malang, menginginkan pembelajaran secara tatap muka atau offline.
Fluid Histories of Middle Ordovician fault–fracture hydrothermal dolomite oil fields in the southern Michigan Basin, U.S.A.
Authors: Dunseith Regina F. , Gregg Jay M. , Grammer G. Michael
Published: October 2021

Dolomitized fault–fracture structures in the Trenton and Black River formations (TBR) are the type example for “hydrothermal” petroleum reservoirs world-wide. However, fluid histories of these structures are only partially understood. Trenton and Black River reservoirs in the southern Michigan Basin are composed of fault-associated, vertical dolomite bodies that are highly fractured and brecciated. Open spaces are partially to completely filled by saddle dolomite and less frequently by calcite cement. Cathodoluminescence microstratigraphies of void-filling carbonate cements are not correlatable between oil fields. Fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures (Th) measured in carbonate cements indicate two fluid endmembers: a warm fluid (∼ 80° to 180° C) and a hot fluid (180° to ∼ 260° C). Increasing Th proximal to the underlying Proterozoic Mid-Michigan Rift (MMR) suggest that the hot fluids emanated from the rift area. Included fluids are saline (16.1–49.4 wt. % NaCl equivalent), and salinity likely is sourced from overlying Silurian Salina Group evaporites. First melting temperatures (Tfm), interpreted as eutectic temperatures (Te), of fluids range from –112° C to –50° C, indicating a complex Na–Ca–KCl brine; the expected composition of dissolved Salina salts. Lower Te proximal to the MMR suggest the rift as a source of additional complexing ions. C and O isotope values for carbonate cements are depleted with respect to δ18O (–6.59 to –12.46‰ VPDB) relative to Ordovician seawaters, and somewhat depleted with respect to δ13C (–1.22 to +1.18‰ VPDB). Equilibrium calculations from δ18O and Th values indicate that cement precipitating waters were highly evolved (+1.3 to +14.4‰ δ18O‰ VSMOW) compared to Ordovician and Silurian seawaters (–5.5‰ δ18O‰ VSMOW). Strontium isotope values indicate two fluid sources: Proterozoic basement and Late Silurian evaporites. Values of 87Sr/86Sr for cements in the Freedom, Napoleon, Reading, and Scipio fields (0.7086–0.7088) are influenced by warm water sourced from Silurian strata, and values for cements in the Albion, Branch County, and Northville fields (0.7091–0.7110) record continental basement signatures. Cement precipitating fluids in TBR oil fields likely have similar sources and timing. However, water–rock interactions along fault pathways modified source waters, giving each oil field a unique petrographic and geochemical signature. Fluid movement in TBR oil fields likely were initiated by reactivation of basement faulting during Silurian–Devonian tectonism.
The Impact of Plane Heterogeneity on Steam Flooding Development in Heavy Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Qu Yaguang , Ye YiPing , Ju Shichang , Liu Jiawen , Lei Meng
Published: October 2021

Steam flooding is proven to be an effective method to improve the development effect of heavy oil reservoirs. And steam flooding is the most common oil recovery technology for heavy oil reservoirs in China. However, because of the various reservoir physical properties, bring great challenges to successful steam flooding development. According to the previous research and development practice, we know that reservoir heterogeneity has a great influence on the development effect of water flooding. Due to the heterogeneity of reservoirs, the development of different injection-production well patterns will be affected. However, it is uncertain whether reservoir heterogeneity has an impact on steam flooding development effect. In order to clarify the above scientific issues, we take Xinjiang steam flooding oilfield as the research object to carry out relevant research. According to the reservoir distribution characteristics of Xinjiang Oilfield, three conceptual heterogeneity models representing permeability, thickness, and geometric plane heterogeneity are firstly proposed. Then, mathematic models with different plane heterogeneity of reservoir sand were built. Based on the mathematic model, initial conditions, boundary condition, and geological parameters of conceptual models, different steam flooding patterns were studied by applying numerical calculation. It is found that heterogeneity is an important geological factor affecting the development of steam flooding of heavy oil reservoir. And the results showed that cumulative oil production was different of different flood pattern at the same production condition. It can be concluded that the development effect of steam flooding of heavy reservoirs is strongly influenced by flood pattern. In order to improve development effectiveness of steam flooding of heavy oil reservoirs, flood pattern should be optimized. For each type of plane heterogeneity reservoir, a reasonable flood pattern was proposed. For plane heterogeneity of permeability, thickness, and geometry form, under the conditions of that as the producer was deployed in high permeability, thick, wide sand body and injector was deployed in low permeability, thin, narrow sand body, the recovery of steam flooding in heavy oil reservoir was better. Finally, how the three types of plane heterogeneity influence steam flooding of heavy reservoirs was discussed by adopting a sensitivity analysis method. The results show that the influence of permeability heterogeneity is the largest, thickness heterogeneity is the second, and geometric heterogeneity is the least. This conclusion can help us improve the development of this reservoir. And also, the findings of this study can help for better understanding of properly deployed well pattern and how to effective develop the heavy oil reservoirs of strong plane heterogeneity for other heavy oil reservoirs.
Permo-Carboniferous Glaciogenic Al Khlata Formation, Oman: A New Hypothesis for Origin of its Glaciation
Authors: Al-Belushi Juma D. , Glennie Kenneth W. , Williams Brian P.J.
Published: October 2021

Al Khlata Formation is an oil-bearing reservoir in Oman. Its origin during the Late Palaeozoic Gondwana glaciation in the southern part of the Arabian Peninsula is demonstrated by the glaciogenic deposits of the formation in Oman. Outcrops of the Al Khlata Formation occur in a belt parallel to the Huqf fold axis, the best outcrops being found in the two wadis Al Khlata North and South. In the southern wadi, glacial deposits rest directly on dolomites of the Precambrian Khufai Formation showing northeast-southwest trending glacial striations.

Earlier workers proposed that the direction of ice flow was from the southwest to northeast. This is not accepted in this paper, where evidence is presented to support an ice-flow direction from northeast to southwest. Later fluvial flow towards the northeast possibly resulted from the collapse of the continental margin towards the new Proto-Arabian Sea and its subsequent subsidence.

We propose that the Early Permian glaciation in Oman resulted from crustal uplift just prior to the calving of a microcontinent along the northeast Arabia margin of Gondwana and the creation of Neo-Tethys. It is suggested that the triple-junction area where the Neo-Tethys and the Proto-Arabian Sea were later to meet, was a site of sufficient thermal uplift to become a center of mountain glaciation.
A New Bioevent Stratigraphy of Late Jurassic Arab-D Carbonates of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Hughes Geraint Wyn
Published: October 2021

A series of fine-scale biofacies cycles are recognised by the application of semiquantitative micropalaeontological analysis of cores in eight wells from the reservoir carbonates from the Arab-D and upper Jubaila formations in Saudi Arabia. They are of Kimmeridgian - Tithonian age, and form the primary producing reservoir of the world’s largest single continuous reservoir located in the Ghawar field of Saudi Arabia. Three new composite biozones are identified that include a basal, deep marine Biozone D3 with fining-upwards cycles which equate, in part, with the Jubaila Formation. Biozone D2 was deposited in shallower conditions of the lower Arab-D carbonate, and Biozone D1 deposited in a very shallow marine environment of the upper Arab-D carbonate; both zones contain multiple coarsening-upwards cycles. Numerous additional bio-events, of potential subzonal value, are detected within these broad zones, and are considered to be related to discrete shoaling-upwards responses to transgressive episodes. The proposed scheme differs significantly from that erected for the Arab-D Formation in offshore Abu Dhabi.

Carbonates of the Arab-D member are concluded to be composed of a series of high frequency palaeobathymetric changes which were superimposed upon an extensive carbonate platform. Gradual shallowing of the platform resulted possibly from a reduction in subsidence rate, a fall in sea level, rise in carbonate productivity rate or a combination of these. The latest episode of very shallow marine carbonate sedimentation terminated with the deposition of the Arab-D evaporites.
The Role of Hydrogeology in Petroleum Development Oman
Authors: Lamki Mohamed S.S. Al , Terken Jos J.M.
Published: October 2021

A hydrogeological study of the South Oman Salt basin in particular, and the Oman basin in general, was carried out by Petroleum Development Oman to support basin modelling. The study focused on major aquifer systems: the Tertiary Umm Er Radhuma aquifer and the Paleozoic Haima-Haushi aquifers. Temperature, water quality, radiocarbon age dating and potentiometric data was used to determine the flow, thermal and salinity regimes of the systems. The resulting models were then used to define areas where oil biodegradation due to meteoric water influx can be expected. A review of oil chemistry data confirmed that fields in these areas have the highest API gravity oil demonstrating that hydrogeological modelling can be beneficial in predicting oil quality for prospect evaluation. An additional benefit of this study was the development of a formation water resistivity model for enhancing log analysis techniques.
Astronomy and Local Culture Dialectics; Kiai Ṣāliḥ Darat's Idea in the Integration of the Hijriyah Calendar
Authors: Mawahib Muhamad Zainal , Rosyid Maskur , Hidayat Muhammad Syarif
Published: October 2021

This paper aims to trace the genealogy of the Kiai Ṣāliḥ Darat in the field of falak sciences and the approach he used in uniting the differences in the initial determination of Ramadan in Semarang. This study is important, considering Kiai Ṣāliḥ Darat is more an expert in the field of Sufism. On the other hand, Kiai Ṣāliḥ Darat was also positioned as an early generation Falak Indonesian expert (salaf). This paper includes a historical study that conducts critical analysis of data that has been isolated from various literatures. The results of the study showed that the expertise of Kiai Ṣāliḥ Darat in the field of falak knowledge was obtained when conducting scientific jouney for Semarang scholars to al-Haramayn scholars. Kiai Ṣāliḥ Darat initiated a deliberation to determine the beginning of the month of Ramadan. This discussion involved ulama, astronomer, habaib and umara in Kauman Mosque in Semarang. The idea of deliberation is aimed at eliminating differences in society in determining the beginning of fasting. The idea of the initial unification of Ramadlan through deliberation was the substance of the Dugderan Tradition in Semarang, Central Java
Portraiture in Indian Miniature Paintings
Authors:   Research Scholar, Chitkara Business School and Sr. Vice President, Kotak Mahindra Bank Ltd., Chandigarh, India., Ghosh Sourabh
Published: October 2021

The art of miniature painting in India traces its origin to the Buddhist manuscript Illustrations of the Pala period in Nepal and Eastern part of India in the 8th to 11th century. The Jain manuscripts in Gujrat and Rajasthan, as early as 11th century, also point towards a practice of such illustrations. These manuscripts, apart from portraying religious literature, also covered wide ranging topics such as medicine, astrology, etc. They were profusely illustrated, and were mostly inscribed on palm leaves. Apart from serving as important treatises, they were widely used as gifts during royal marriages and accessions. However, the Mughal Rule in India brought a certain degree of sophistication, refinement and finesse to this form of art. Under successive Mughal Rulers, the art of miniature painting reached its zenith. While Babur and Humayun, who were great lovers of art and literature, could not build proper ateliers during their reigns due to their frequent military campaigns and conflicts, they were responsible for bringing to India two versatile artists, Abdus Samad and Mir Sayed Ali from the Safavid Persian Court-whose works would have significant impact on the art of miniature paintings in the Mughal Courts. Humayun’s successors Akbar, Jahangir and Shah Jahan built some of the most significant ateliers under their rules, and some of the preeminent miniature artists like Basavan, Manohar, Bichitar, Ustad Mansur, Balchand and Murad flourished under their patronage. Some very significant works like Baburnama, Akbarnama, Razamnama, etc. were also commissioned by the early Mughal Emperors. With the decline of the Mughal Empire, the miniature painting scene shifted to the Rajput Courts in Rajasthan and the Hill States in Northern India. Various important Schools of painting –like the Mewar, Marwar, Jaipur, Hadoti, Kangra, Basholi, and Garhwal – Schools, to name a few, started flourishing under their respective rulers. While the Mughal influence still prevailed, yet each school had its own distinctive characteristic and feature. The subjects of these paintings and manuscripts ranged from religious literature, court scenes, royal processions, flora and fauna, textiles, jewelry to elaborate equestrian and hunting scenes. However, the most riveting and captivating depictions were in the form of elaborate and brilliant portraits of the rulers, their nobles and courtiers, which not only throw light on their magnificent reigns, but also open a window to the culture, tradition and practices of those times. This essay makes an attempt to study the fine art of portraiture in miniature paintings in the various Mughal, Provincial and Rajput Courts to bring out their historical and cultural significance.
The Chitrakarini Temple of Bhubaneswar (Odisha, India): An Investigative Field Study
Authors:   Senior Faculty, Leather Goods and Accessories Design Department, Footwear Design and Development Institute, Noida, India., Jha Santosh K
Published: October 2021

Heritage architectural and sculptural expressions are self-explanatory documents, which carries its legacy along with the wheel of time. The Chitrakarini temple of Bhubaneswar is one among such precious monuments, where the then socio-culture knowledge and ideological hemispheres had taken its materialistic identity, through precisely crafted sculptural panoramic expressions. Material wise this temple-structure could be categorized as an example of stone architecture; and is located in the Old Town area of Bhubaneswar, which is the state capital city of Odisha state, India. Goddess Chitrakarini is being worshipped in this temple- as major deity. As the name “Chitrakarini” reflects, this is a temple of “Female Painter” or “Paintress of Life”- and is world’s only known temple, which is dedicated to the goddess “Chitrakarini”- who is the divine sub-form of Goddess Saraswati– the deity of Knowledge in Hinduism. Therefore goddess Chitrakarini, establishes her identity as the goddess of Creative Intellectual Activities. This temple was built during CE 1238 to CE 1264 by one of the Vaishnav king of the Eastern Ganga Dynasty, Narasingh Dev-1. According to local religious and socio-cultural beliefs this monument is dedicated to worship and honor women’s contribution towards the creation, management and maintenance of human life-cycles over this planet. But as observed, now a day this heritage monument is detreating due to multifold issues. This temple is declared as ‘Monument Of National Importance’, under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites & Remains Act’ 1958. This paper critically investigates the present overall scenario of this temple.
Mobile Text Messaging for Tobacco Risk Communication Among Young Adult Community College Students: Randomized Trial of Project Debunk
Authors: Prokhorov Alexander V , Calabro Karen Sue , Arya Ashish , Russell Sophia , Czerniak Katarzyna W , Botello Gabrielle C , Chen Minxing , Yuan Ying , Perez Adriana , Vidrine Damon J , Perry Cheryl L , Khalil Georges Elias
Published: October 2021

Background

The use of new and emerging tobacco products (NETPs) and conventional tobacco products (CTPs) has been linked to several alarming medical conditions among young adults (YAs). Considering that 96% of YAs own mobile phones, SMS text messaging may be an effective strategy for tobacco risk communication.

Objective

Project Debunk is a community-based randomized trial aiming to identify specific types of messages that effectively improve perceived NETP and CTP risk among YAs in community colleges.

Methods

With YAs recruited offline from 3 campuses at the Houston Community College (September 2016 to July 2017), we conducted a 6-month randomized trial with 8 arms based on the combination of 3 message categories: framing (gain-framed vs loss-framed), depth (simple vs complex), and appeal (emotional vs rational). Participants received fully automated web-based SMS text messages in two 30-day campaigns (2 messages per day). We conducted repeated-measures mixed-effect models stratified by message type received, predicting perceived CTP and NETP risks. Owing to multiple testing with 7 models, an association was deemed significant for P<.007 (.05 divided by 7).

Results

A total of 636 participants completed the baseline survey, were randomized to 1 of 8 conditions (between 73 and 86 participants per condition), and received messages from both campaigns. By the 2-month post campaign 2 assessment point, 70.1% (446/636) completed all outcome measures. By the end of both campaigns, participants had a significant increase in perceived NETP risk over time (P<.001); however, participants had a marginal increase in perceived CTP risk (P=.008). Separately for each group, there was a significant increase in perceived NETP risk among participants who received rational messages (P=.005), those who received emotional messages (P=.006), those who received simple messages (P=.003), and those who received gain-framed messages (P=.003).

Conclusions

In this trial, YAs had an increase in perceived NETP risk. However, with stratification, we observed a significant increase in perceived NETP risk upon exposure to rational, emotional, simple, and gain-framed messages. In addition, YAs generally had an increase in perceived CTP risk and presented nonsignificant but observable improvement upon exposure to emotional, complex, and loss-framed messages. With the results of this study, researchers and practitioners implementing mobile health programs may take advantage of our tailored messages through larger technology-based programs such as smartphone apps and social media campaigns.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03457480; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03457480

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

RR2-10.2196/10977
Assessing Health Data Security Risks in Global Health Partnerships: Development of a Conceptual Framework
Authors: Espinoza Juan , Sikder Abu Taher , Dickhoner James , Lee Thomas
Published: October 2021

Background

Health care databases contain a wealth of information that can be used to develop programs and mature health care systems. There is concern that the sensitive nature of health data (eg, ethnicity, reproductive health, sexually transmitted infections, and lifestyle information) can have significant impact on individuals if misused, particularly among vulnerable and marginalized populations. As academic institutions, nongovernmental organizations, and international agencies begin to collaborate with low- and middle-income countries to develop and deploy health information technology (HIT), it is important to understand the technical and practical security implications of these initiatives.

Objective

Our aim is to develop a conceptual framework for risk stratification of global health data partnerships and HIT projects. In addition to identifying key conceptual domains, we map each domain to a variety of publicly available indices that could be used to inform a quantitative model.

Methods

We conducted an overview of the literature to identify relevant publications, position statements, white papers, and reports. The research team reviewed all sources and used the framework method and conceptual framework analysis to name and categorize key concepts, integrate them into domains, and synthesize them into an overarching conceptual framework. Once key domains were identified, public international data sources were searched for relevant structured indices to generate quantitative counterparts.

Results

We identified 5 key domains to inform our conceptual framework: State of HIT, Economics of Health Care, Demographics and Equity, Societal Freedom and Safety, and Partnership and Trust. Each of these domains was mapped to a number of structured indices.

Conclusions

There is a complex relationship among the legal, economic, and social domains of health care, which affects the state of HIT in low- and middle-income countries and associated data security risks. The strength of partnership and trust among collaborating organizations is an important moderating factor. Additional work is needed to formalize the assessment of partnership and trust and to develop a quantitative model of the conceptual framework that can help support organizational decision-making.
Artificial Intelligence in Predicting Cardiac Arrest: Scoping Review
Authors: Alamgir Asma , Mousa Osama , Shah Zubair
Published: October 2021

Background

Cardiac arrest is a life-threatening cessation of activity in the heart. Early prediction of cardiac arrest is important, as it allows for the necessary measures to be taken to prevent or intervene during the onset. Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and big data have been increasingly used to enhance the ability to predict and prepare for the patients at risk.

Objective

This study aims to explore the use of AI technology in predicting cardiac arrest as reported in the literature.

Methods

A scoping review was conducted in line with the guidelines of the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) extension for scoping reviews. Scopus, ScienceDirect, Embase, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, and Google Scholar were searched to identify relevant studies. Backward reference list checks of the included studies were also conducted. Study selection and data extraction were independently conducted by 2 reviewers. Data extracted from the included studies were synthesized narratively.

Results

Out of 697 citations retrieved, 41 studies were included in the review, and 6 were added after backward citation checking. The included studies reported the use of AI in the prediction of cardiac arrest. Of the 47 studies, we were able to classify the approaches taken by the studies into 3 different categories: 26 (55%) studies predicted cardiac arrest by analyzing specific parameters or variables of the patients, whereas 16 (34%) studies developed an AI-based warning system. The remaining 11% (5/47) of studies focused on distinguishing patients at high risk of cardiac arrest from patients who were not at risk. Two studies focused on the pediatric population, and the rest focused on adults (45/47, 96%). Most of the studies used data sets with a size of <10,000 samples (32/47, 68%). Machine learning models were the most prominent branch of AI used in the prediction of cardiac arrest in the studies (38/47, 81%), and the most used algorithm was the neural network (23/47, 49%). K-fold cross-validation was the most used algorithm evaluation tool reported in the studies (24/47, 51%).

Conclusions

AI is extensively used to predict cardiac arrest in different patient settings. Technology is expected to play an integral role in improving cardiac medicine. There is a need for more reviews to learn the obstacles to the implementation of AI technologies in clinical settings. Moreover, research focusing on how to best provide clinicians with support to understand, adapt, and implement this technology in their practice is also necessary.