bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resistance Exercise Decreases Amyloid Load and Modulates Inflammatory Responses in the APP/PS1 Mouse Model for Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Hashiguchi Debora , Campos Henrique Correia , Wuo-Silva Raphael , Faber Jean , Gomes da Silva Sérgio , Coppi Antonio Augusto , Arida Ricardo Mario , Longo Beatriz Monteiro
Published: January 2020

Neuroinflammation has been shown to play a crucial role in the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and also has an association with amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, a hallmark of this disease. Physical exercise has emerged as an alternative treatment for pathological impairment in AD. In light of this evidence, together with the fact that the hippocampus is one of the first structures to be affected in AD, we analyzed hippocampal changes in Aβ load, inflammatory responses, and locomotor activity in transgenic APP/PS1 mouse model for AD submitted to a resistance exercise (RE) program. One month after the start of the RE program, the locomotor hyperactivity related to AD behavior was reduced and microglia recruitment was increased, which in turn may have contributed to the decrease in the volume of Aβ plaques. In addition, the RE program restored the levels of IL-1 α, IL-4, and IL-6 cytokines to control levels. Our study indicates that RE has beneficial effects on the locomotor behavior, amyloid burden, and inflammation of AD pathology and can therefore be used as a therapy to improve the clinical symptoms and neurophysiological alterations in AD. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to use a resistance exercise program in transgenic AD model.
Alterations of White Matter Microstructure in Subcortical Vascular Mild Cognitive Impairment with and without Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Xu Ziyun , Wang Jianjun , Lyu Hanqing , Wang Runshi , Hu Yuanming , Guo Zhouke , Xu Jinping , Hu Qingmao
Published: January 2020

Background:

Depressive symptoms were thought to increase the risk of vascular dementia. Previous studies reported widespread white matter damages in the subcortical vascular mild cognitive impairment (svMCI), but little is known about the mechanism of depressive symptoms in svMCI.

Objective:

In the current study, we aim to explore the white matter microstructural alterations in svMCI with depressive symptoms, and their associations with clinical measurements.

Methods:

Fifty-eight subjects including 18 svMCI with depression (svMCI+D), 17 svMCI without depression (svMCI-D), and 23 normal controls (NC) were included in the study. Voxel-based analyses were performed on fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD).

Results:

Compared to NC, both svMCI groups showed decreased FA in the bilateral insula and the left precentral gyrus, and increased MD in the cerebellum. Compared to svMCI-D, svMCI+D showed increased FA in left precentral gyrus. Moreover, svMCI+D showed significant correlation between the increased MD in the cerebellum and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) scores.

Conclusion:

Our findings of white matter alterations might be associated with executive function and memory performance in the svMCI patients. Moreover, the structural alterations in the cerebellum might underlie the mechanism of depressive symptoms in svMCI patients.
Late-Life Cognitive Trajectories and their Associated Lifestyle Factors
Authors: Yu Junhong , Feng Qiushi , Yu Jintai , Zeng Yi , Feng Lei
Published: January 2020

Significant variability exists in the trajectories of late-life cognitive decline; however, their associated lifestyle factors remain less studied. We examined these trajectories among elderly participants from the recent five waves (at three-year intervals) of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Study (CLHLS) from 2002 to 2014. Participants from this cohort were included if they completed at least four waves of measurements. Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores, demographics, medical diagnoses (e.g., hypertension, diabetes, and heart disease), and lifestyle-related information (e.g., smoking, drinking alcohol, and exercise) were collected from participants (N = 2,584; mean age at baseline = 73.3) at least four times across 12 years. MMSE scores were entered into a latent class mixed model analysis. Subsequently, demographic, medical, and lifestyle predictors were entered into multinomial logistic regression models to predict the trajectories. One of the four emerged classes (no decline) was characterized by an absence of cognitive decline; the other three exhibited various degrees of cognitive decline. The inclusion of lifestyle factors significantly improved the prediction of the different trajectories, above and beyond demographics and medical variables; the ‘no decline’ class was significantly more likely to report exercising regularly. Changes in cognitive functioning across the late-life period are characterized by multiple trajectories. Cognitive decline is not inevitable across the late-life period; the absence of such cognitive decline is partly explained by certain lifestyle factors.
Soluble TREM2 and Inflammatory Proteins in Alzheimer’s Disease Cerebrospinal Fluid
Authors: Rauchmann Boris-Stephan , Sadlon Angélique , Perneczky Robert ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: January 2020

The present study explores the associations of soluble TREM2, an important regulator of microglial activity linked to Alzheimer’s disease (AD), with other known inflammatory proteins in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We studied 303 participants, including 89 controls, 135 mild cognitive impairment, and 79 AD dementia patients. Using established CSF biomarkers, subjects were classified according to the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association research framework, which groups markers into those of amyloid-β deposition (A), tau pathology (T), and neurodegeneration (N). TNFR1, TNFR2, TGF-β1, TGFβ2, IL-9, TNF- α, ICAM1, and VCAM1 showed significant concentration differences between the ATN groups, with higher concentrations in more advanced disease categories. sTREM2 was positively associated with the pro-inflammatory proteins TNF- α, TNFR1, TNFR2, ICAM1, VCAM1, and IP-10 and negatively with IL-21; also, positive associations with the anti-inflammatory proteins TGFβ1, IL-10, and IL-9 were found. Pathway enrichment analysis highlighted the involvement of sTREM2 in key functional clusters including immunoglobulin and cytokine production and cellular response to lipopolysaccharides, cytokines, and steroid hormones. Our work provides further evidence in support of TREM2 as amarker of neuroinflammatory response in AD.
Communicative Tolerance of Policemen in the Context of Their Emotional Intelligence’ Study
Authors: Євдокімова O. О. , Пономаренко Я. С.
Published: January 2020

This paper presents the results of an empirical study of the peculiarities of manifestations of emotional intelligence among police officers with different levels of communicative tolerance at the stage of primary vocational training. In this context, the actual model of emotional intelligence and its practical application need to be verified taking into account the specifics of police activity. Emotional intelligence is considered primarily as an integral feature of the personality of a policeman in the context of his professional communication in situations that are problematic. The emotional intelligence of the individual is represented in the article as a cognitive ability to perceive and analyze both their own and others’ emotional states and emotional manifestations; as well as the ability to correctly regulate and use them. Communicative tolerance, in turn, is one of the most important features of the police officer, which shows his attitude to people, the degree of tolerance to unpleasant or unacceptable, in his opinion, mental states, qualities and deeds. As a psychodiagnostic tool, the questionnaire “General communicative tolerance” (V. V. Boyko) and the “Emotional Intelligence” test (D. V. Lusin) were used. The sample consisted of 132 students of initial training of police officers. The results of the study indicate differences in the manifestations of emotional intelligence in students with different levels of communicative tolerance. It is empirically proven that emotional intelligence in situations of problematic communication acts as an integral personality of the police officer, which allows him to successfully recognize and interpret the emotions of both his own and the communication partner. The study of the level of emotional intelligence of the police at the stage of professional training will allow the psychological support service to better address the tasks of professional selection and psychological support for future policemen.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN SPARKOL VIDEOSCRIBE BERBASIS BLOG MATERI MENULIS PUISI PADA SISWA KELAS X IPS-A DI MA AL-ANWAR DIWEK JOMBANG
Authors: Malawat Insum , Ulfa Nurul , Wahyuniarti Fitri Resti
Published: January 2020

This research is motivated by the increasingly rapid technological advances in the world of education and the widespread use of social media among adolescents. In addition, there is no media in the form of blog-based videoscribe that is used to support Indonesian language learning especially poetry writing material. This study aims to explain the process of developing, quality and implementation of blog-based videoscribe media. Research the type of research and development uses Sadiman's model which has seven steps in the development procedure, namely identification of student needs, formulation of instructional goals, formulation of material points, formulation of measuring instruments for success, writing media scripts, validating and revising, conducting trials and revision. Based on the validation process, blog-based video subscription media obtained an overall average yield of 82.6% with very valid qualifications. The results of validation by media experts obtained a value of 72.15% with valid qualifications, while from material experts obtained a value of 88% with very valid qualifications. Indonesian linguists1 scored 80% with valid qualifications, while Indonesian linguists2 scored 84% with highly valid qualifications. The results of validation by IT experts (graphic design) obtained 92% results with very valid qualifications and blogger experts obtained 80% results with valid qualifications. Based on the results of field trials there are significant differences. This was evidenced by the pre-test and post-test values that showed X2 results more than X1 (80.2 ≥ 73.3). So, blog-based video subscription learning media has been proven to significantly improve Indonesian language learning especially for poetry writing material.
MEMBUMIKAN NU KULTURAL
Authors: Mulyono Puput
Published: January 2020

Akhir-akhir ini ada sebagian golongan muslim yang berperilaku beragamagampang mengkafirkan, bid’ah, sesat, syirik kepada muslim yang lain ataugolongan takfiri. Golongan takfiri tersebut seolah menutup mata dengankeberhasilan dakwah Walisongo yang melakukan pendekatan langsung kebudaya (kultural) dan adat istiadat lokal. Pendekatan langsung ke budaya(kultural) tersebut diteruskan oleh warga NU. Menurut Gus Dur NU ituada dua: NU Struktural dan NU Kultural. Struktural yaitu Kyai-kyai yangmenduduki posisi di Tanfidhiyah dan Syuriah. Sedangkan kultural yaituKyai-kyai yang menghidupkan tradisi NU. Tradisi NU itu diantaranya:ziarah kubur, tawasul, tahlil, istigasah, zikir bersama, peringatan maulid,manakib, ngalab berkah dan lain-lain. Dan NU berkembang karena NUkultural.Dalam penelitian ini akan diuraikan tentang hal yang menjadi rumusanmasalah yaitu bagaimana kontribusi NU kultural dalam menghadapigolongan takfiri di Indonesia. Adapun maksud dan tujuan penulisanjurnal ini adalah untuk mengetahui kontribusi NU kultural dalammenghadapi golongan takfiri di Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakanpenelitian kepustakaan (library research) yang menitikberatkanpembahasan yang bersifat literer. Metode pengumpulan datamenggunakan sumber primer dan sekunder. Adapun analisis datanyamenggunakan analisis isi (content analysis). Dalam tulisan inidiungkapkan bahwa prinsip gerakan NU kultural metodologinya samayang dilakukan ketika zaman Walisongo yaitu Al-muhafazhah ‘ala al-qadimash-shalih wa al-akhdz bi al-jadid al-ashlah (menjaga tradisi lama yang baik,sambil menerima tradisi baru yang baik).
MENGKRITISI TIPOLOGI HUBUNGAN SAINS DAN AGAMA IAN G. BARBOUR
Authors: Junaedi Mahfudz
Published: January 2020

Sejarah interaksi antara agama dan sains mengambil beragam bentuk dantipologi. Temuan-temuan baru dalam sains menantang gagasan-gagasankeagamaan klasik, beberapa pemikir terbelah, ada yang berupayamempertahankan doktrin tradisional, dan beberapa meninggalkan tradisidengan merumuskan kembali konsep keagamaan secara ilmiah. Dengantinjauan yang kritis dan berimbang, ada empat tipologi hubungan sainsdan agama menjadi empat ragam tipologi: Konflik, Independensi, Dialog,dan Integrasi. Isu-isu penting untuk menanyakan tentang hubungan sainsdan agama terhadap “bagaimana manusia pertama muncul”. Agama dansains menawarkan jawaban yang berbeda, agama berbicara tentang Adam(hasil) ciptaan Tuhan.Sementara sains berbicara tentang manusia sebagaiproduk Evolusi. Kondisi ini menunjukkan hubungan sains dan agamamasih pada hubungan konflik, dan masih jauh poda pola hubunganindependensi, dan atau dialog, apalagi tipologi hubungan integrasi.Makalah ini hendak membaca kembali lanskap pemikiran Ian G. Barbourseorang pemikir yang memiliki dua disiplin sekaligus, fisika dan teologi,mencoba memetakan empat mazhab hubungan sains dan agamameskipun selalu mengandung simplikasi pada isu-isu evolusi, kosmologi,fisika kuantum, genetika dan neurosains. Wacana ini menjadi pentingmengingat agama dan sanis merupakan dua di antara kekuatan-kekuatanutama yang mempengaruhi nasib sejarah kemanusiaan, dulu, kini, danmasa depan.bahwa masa depan peradaban manusia ditentukan oleh sikapgenerasi sekarang terhadap hubungan antara agama dan sains.
PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM PERSPEKTIF PENDIDIKAN ISLAM
Authors: Ngatiman Ngatiman , Ibrahim Rustam
Published: January 2020

Pendidikan Karakter adalah pendidikan untuk membentuk kepribadianseseorang melalui pendidikan budi pekerti, yang hasilnya terlihat dalamtindakan nyata seseorang, yaitu tingkah laku yang baik, jujur, bertanggungjawab, menghormati hak orang lain, kerja keras, dan sebagainya. Tujuanutama dalam mempromosikan manusia yang tangguh, baik secaraindividu atau dalam kelompok. Dalam Islam, karakter lebih dikenalsebagai akhlaq Nabi ketika ia dikirim sebagai delegasi Allah di bumi.Berdasarkan semangat pendidikan karakter saat ini, tulisan ini adalahuntuk mengulas tentang bagaimana pendidikan karakter yang sebenarnyadalam Islam. Sebagai soal fakta, pendidikan karakter dalam Islamterbentuk dalam hal akhlakul karimah. Berdasarkan aspek metodologis,metode pembiasaan dan keteladanan adalah cara terbaik untukpendidikan karakter, yang membiasakan hal yang baik sampai dianggapsebagai budaya dengan pikiran, perasaan dan tindakan. Dan Contoh halhalbaik untuk siswa sehingga mentransfer nilai ke dalam jiwa mereka,maka itu akan menghasilkan pengetahuan, serta terwujud dalam tindakan.
Features of seasonal dynamics of sheep Haemonchosis in the territory of Zaporizhzhya region
Authors: Melnychuk V.
Published: January 2020

The article presents the results of studies on the indicators of invasiveness of domestic sheep Ovis aries (Linnaeus, 1758), the causative agent of Haemonchus contortus (Rudolphi 1803; Cobb 1898) and its characteristics depending on the season in the climatic and geographical conditions of the Zaporizhzhya region. The research was conducted during 2015–2019 on the basis of laboratories of the departments of parasitology and ichthyopathology of the Stepan Gzhytskyi National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies Lviv and Parasitology and Veterinary-Sanitary Examination of the Poltava State Agrarian Academy. Helminths were isolated by the results of complete helminthological sections of the digestive organs of the dead or slaughtered sheep, and the indicators of the extent and intensity of the invasion were established. Specific identification of the identified nematodes was performed taking into account the morphological features of mature males and females. It is proved that H. contortus is a fairly widespread species of nematodes in the population of domestic sheep in the territory of the studied region. The magnitude of the invasion of animals reached 66.36 %, the intensity of the invasion – 25.56 ± 1.51 samples/animal (for fluctuations from 1 to 79 sp./an.). It is noted that the causative agent of Haemonchosis is registered during the year. At the same time, the degree of sheep infection depends on the season of the year and is characterized by certain patterns in the extent and intensity of H. contortus invasion of sheep. The peak of the animals with the nematodes was detected in the autumn-winter period of the year, EI ranged from 73.23 to 78.57 %. The decline in invasion magnitude was observed in spring (52.63 %) and summer (59.68 %). Seasonal fluctuations in the infestation rates had some differences and were characterized by maximum values in the summer and autumn seasons ranging from 27.49 ± 2.52 to 37.35 ± 2.36 samples/animal. During the winter, the intensity of H. contortus infestation in sheep gradually decreased (13.73 ± 2.12 sp/an) and gained minimum values in the spring of the year (10.85 ± 1.78 sp./an). The conducted researches illuminate the current epizootic condition of sheep haemorrhage in the territory of Zaporizhzhya region, expand and supplement the already existing data that will allow to increase the effectiveness of the use of therapeutic and preventive measures in this invasion.
D. Trump’s Battle with China: is Victory possible?
Authors: BARSKY Kyril , SALITSKY Alexander , SEMYONOVA Nelli
Published: January 2020

The US economic and trade war against China largely escalated in 2018–2019. The conflict is unlikely to be resolved in the near future, while this would be economically beneficial for both parties. Beijing has been carefully avoiding the escalation of emerging US-China bipolarity into confrontation, relying on cooperation with large American business enterprises and using numerous foreign policy failures of the Trump administration. Nevertheless, in the spring and summer of 2019, the United States continued to increase pressure on China. The fundamental confrontation between the two powers affects not only the business interests of both countries, but also a wide range of issues that go far beyond bilateral relations.
From Brazil to Russia: Strategic Partnerships among BRICS Member Countries
Authors: YAKOVLEV Petr
Published: January 2020

At the 11th BRICS summit in Brazil, Russian President Vladimir Putin pointed to such shared global priorities of the group as the compliance with international law, the central role of the United Nations in international affairs and the establishment of a more just global order. Five BRICS countries are concerned about negative trends in world economy and politics – the slowdown in global economic growth and trade, uncontrolled debt growth, surges in commodity prices, US attempts to obtain unilateral advantages through sanctions and protectionist measures and to infringe on the interests of other states. The BRICS five, based on their increased economic, financial and trade power, are looking for solutions to these negative developments, including through the building of alternative international economic institutions. The association is increasingly becoming a political reality of global scale.
Crimean non-governmental organizations in 2005 - 2010: struggle for the national cultural identity of Russian population
Authors: POLUNOV Alexander
Published: January 2020

The article analyzes the social, political and ideological backgrounds of the processes that unfolded on the Crimean Peninsula in the spring of 2014 and ended with its return to Russia. The focus is on the period 2005-2010, when the "orange power" with President V. F. Yushchenko at the head was established in Kiev. The author dwells on public organizations and political parties of Russian population in Crimea, their positions on key domestic and foreign policy issues and on serious differences that arose between them in the course of their activities but were eventually overcome.
The Treatment of Coccydynia and Headache with Transrectal OMT: A Case Report
Authors: Nourani Bobby , Gilbert Ross , Rabago David
Published: January 2020

Coccydynia is debilitating pain of the coccyx that substantially impacts quality of life. Although most cases resolve with conservative therapy, pain can become chronic and involve other anatomical areas. Treatment options include physical therapy, manual medicine, injection, and surgery with mixed results. Manual medicine options vary depending on provider and physical exam findings. Little is known about transrectal therapy. We present a case of a 21-year-old female with coccydynia and subsequent headaches that failed conventional work-up and conservative therapy but resolved with osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT).
Biomass Equations for Tropical Tree Plantation Species in Young Stands Using Secondary Data from the Philippines
Authors: Banaticla Ma. Regina , Sales Renezita , Lasco Rodel
Published: January 2020

Estimation of the magnitude of sinks and sources of carbon requires reliable estimates of the biomass of forests and of individual trees. Equations for predicting tree biomass have been developed using secondary data involving destructive sampling in plantations (mostly less than 10 years of age) in several localities in the Philippines. These equations allow estimates of carbon sequestration to be made at much lower cost than would be incurred if detailed stand inventories were undertaken. The species included in the study reported here include Gmelina arborea Roxb., Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Nielsen Swietenia macrophylla King and Dipterocarp species in Mindanao, and Leucaena leucocephala de Wit from Laguna, Antique, Cebu, Iloilo, Rizal, and Ilocos Sur. Non-linear regression was used to derive speciesspecific, site specific and generic equations between yield and diameter of the form y = αDβ. Equations were evaluated based on the correlation coefficient, standard error of estimate and residual plots. Regressions resulted in high r values (>0.90). In some cases, non-homogeneous variance was encountered. The generic equation improved estimates compared with models used in previous studies.
The Contribution of Farm Products to Farmer’s Livelihood and Household Consumption in Leyte, the Philippines
Authors: Neal Carol
Published: January 2020

This paper describes the agroforestry farming systems through which crops, trees and small farm animals are produced and consumed by three farming families on Leyte Island, the Philippines, and the extent to which they contribute to the farmers’ livelihoods and wellbeing. A survey using semi-structured personal interviews was carried out to obtain data on cost savings of farm grown products consumed, health benefits derived and costs incurred in managing and maintaining each farm. There were notable differences in crop-tree arrangement and management methods used by the farmers. An estimate of the amount of product that was consumed by the households was conditional on crop choices and intensity of effort and inputs and offsets from off-farm income. Informal arrangements for bartering food, and coconut and bamboo product sharing for community use, made precise valuation of these products difficult, but comparative values against local market prices were placed on marketable produce. Labour and other inputs between the farms varied widely, depending on the type of product. In addition to crops grown as a source of income, portions of farm products were grown specifically for home consumption, and some non-consumable products were exchanged between households. The farmers had a basic understanding of the nutritional value and health benefits of all the food products they consumed for daily energy, health and medicinal purposes. They also believed that consuming their own farm-grown produce generated savings compared with quality and value of the same product from the local markets.
Measurement of Growth, Yield, Biomass and Heavy Metals Accumulation in Red Spinach Grown under Industrial Effluents
Authors: Islam Mohammad Saiful , Islam Md. Sirajul , Tusher Tanmoy Roy , Rehnuma Mausumi , Kabir Md. Humayun
Published: January 2020

The study was conducted to measure the growth, yield, biomass and heavy metal accumulation in red spinach (Amaranthus dubius) irrigated with treated and untreated industrial effluents, and groundwater. A total of twelve experimental plots, with three treatments (treated, untreated industrial effluents and groundwater) and four replications, were prepared inside the Jananeta Abdul Mannan Hall of Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University campus, where red spinach was cultivated and irrigated with 2.5 liter treated, untreated industrial effluents and groundwater in each plot. The content of Zn as 193.28, 182.83, 136.55 and 210.07 ppm, Cd as 0.77, 0.87, 0.93 and 1.03 ppm, Cu as 47.32, 48.93, 57.29 and 73.58 ppm, were recorded in initial soil, soil irrigated with groundwater, treated and untreated industrial effluents, respectively. The content of Zn as 0.00, 0.00 and 0.07 ppm, Cd as 0.004, 0.006 and 0.011 ppm, and Cu as 0.00, 0.02 and 0.68 ppm, were recorded in groundwater, treated and untreated industrial effluent, respectively. The content of Zn as 61.64, 65.30 and 67.67 ppm, Cd as 0.33, 0.52 and 0.57 ppm, Cu as 5.73, 7.79 and 7.95 ppm, were investigated from red spinach plant irrigated with groundwater, treated and untreated industrial effluent, respectively. The levels of cadmium in the red spinach were much higher than that of WHO/ FAO recommended level.
Exploring a colored linkography for identifying the members of design team
Authors: CHUAI Ying , XU Jiang , GAN Xiang
Published: January 2020

This paper introduces the colored linkography as a modified method for identifying members’ character in the interaction of design teams. Some indicators are raised and applied with a sample of postgraduate team. Result shows that the colored linkography and its following indicators contribute to evaluating and comparing the endeavor and interdependence of members. Consequently, the colored linkography is a feasible tool that has much more value for deeper researches.
Using proximity in sustainable product design
Authors: MUGGE Ruth , MAGNIER Lise , SCHOORMANS Jan
Published: January 2020

This research examines proximity as a new interesting strategy to include in the design of more sustainable products. Drawing from the construal level theory, we posit that the environmental sustainability of a product embedding a form of proximity to an environmental solution in its design will be perceived as more concrete and will trigger higher prosocial product experience. To test this assumption, we used spatial proximity by manipulating the location from where the recycled plastic of a bottle of dishwashing soap was reclaimed. Based on the responses of 130 individuals recruited from a panel of consumers, we found that product environmental sustainability is perceived as more concrete and prosocial product experience is higher when proximity is embedded in product design than when far distance or no distance are embedded in the product design. This paper contributes by investigating how product design itself can help to enhance the acceptance of more sustainable products and by applying the Construal Level Theory to the field of product design.
Designing Good(s)?
Authors: WETTER-EDMAN Katarina  , VINK Josina , RODRIGUES Vanessa
Published: January 2020

As design shifts from designing objects to designing for social transformation, there is an increasing need to address political dimensions within the design process. This paper explores those dimensions by drawing insights from the field of Science and Technology Studies. In doing so, we bring forward issues of ontological politics within social design processes, including: the recognition of situated knowledges, the multiplicity of reality, and the performative nature of methods. The implications of these issues are investigated through the examination of two practice examples in which different methods were used to support reflection on politics in social design processes. This research highlights the need to be more critical of the “good” that social design processes are working towards and the methods used to support political awareness. It also opens-up a host of new questions about how to address political issues amid the complexity and multiplicity of reality.
Design emergence in Morocco as an African country: a pending institutionalization
Authors: EL HILALI Nabil
Published: January 2020

If design management is worldwide institutionalized especially in developed economies, little is known about African design even though the continent is becoming an attractive economy thanks to his exponential growth and more political stability. Oriented toward one specific country: Morocco, this study through a questioning embedded in institutional theory brings an overview about design in a specific context. This research captures design management emergence in Morocco by spotting the light on the state of design institutionalization toward the creation of design value.
Product Service System Design Research of B2C Carsharing Based on Beijing
Authors: YING Zhao
Published: January 2020

B2C carsharing is a kind of green and sustainable way to travel in worldwide. It has developed very rapid these years in Beijing, China. However, there is a lack of research on B2C carsharing from product service system (PSS) perspective in Beijing, which is a rapid developing, densely populated Asian city with a large number of vehicles. Therefore, this paper first analyses the current situation of the development of B2C carsharing in Beijing, and summarizes the characteristics of user groups, the product service system model, and the feature of car and service environment. Then taking a typical brand as a case to elaborate the system in more detail. Based on the refinement and generalization of the existing problems, we proposes the future design recommendations for the development of B2C carsharing from a PSS view in metropolitans like Beijing.
The para-disciplinary role of Design transforming innovation in organisations
Authors: LIEVESLEY Matthew , YOUNG Robert , O’LEARY David , WARWICK Laura
Published: January 2020

The research addresses the role of Design creating value at the intersections of disciplines in organisations. It presents a revision to the discourse on the nature of and relationship between Design and other disciplines.

This paper advocates a new para-disciplinary term for the post-disciplinary state of Design in its contemporary practices, acting as the ‘inter-discipline’ within organisations that are intent on the strategic development of their innovation capacity and potential. The work builds on a synthesis of findings from a longitudinal range of practice-based design research projects undertaken across industry and the third sector over the last four years. Case studies of these projects demonstrate that the involvement of Design has resulted in successive levels of influence leading to the radical transformation of the organisations’ innovation strategies. The implication for the generic aspect of these findings are discussed in terms of inter-disciplinary discourses.
Section 6.c Introduction
Authors: CLARK Mark A , GRAFF Daniel , COMI Alice , FEI Fan
Published: January 2020

Designers often work in teams to develop new services and products through leveraging the knowledge and ideas of multiple members. Design work requires teams to not only understand each other’s perspective, but also integrate their knowledge in an innovative outcome. Yet team members often struggle to process information across their different perspectives; and ultimately fail to produce creative and sustainable products and services. Different epistemological beliefs, concerns, and languages make such process very difficult. And while information processing in design teams is acknowledged as a key mediator through which a team’s diversity of information, function, and work-related background influences team performance, the mechanism for integrating diverse knowledge is not clear.
Section 1.d Introduction
Authors: KORIA Mikko , SVENGREN HOLM Lisbeth , JEVNAKER Birgit , RIEPLE Alison
Published: January 2020

Our theme highlighted how people from different disciplines coming together create value at different intersections. The subject and field of design has changed, or rather expanded to include new knowledge practices, technologies, including a move from a focus on artificial outcomes to services and business models as outcomes of a design process. The emergences of new intersections where design can create values are hence a logical outcome of this development – and this is of course also reflected in the expansion of design research.
A smart home system is like a “Mother”!
Authors: MUGGE Ruth , CHENG Peiyao , DE BONT Cees
Published: January 2020

Really new products (RNPs) are often difficult to comprehend, which may hinder consumers’ adoption. It is generally believed that designers can stimulate consumers’ comprehension by embodying RNPs in the form of product metaphors. However, empirical evidence for this is lacking. This study empirically examines the effects of product metaphors on consumers’ comprehension of RNPs. The findings of an experiment (N= 114) demonstrated an interaction effect of the presence of a product metaphor and a textual clue that explains the product metaphor on consumers’ comprehension of RNPs. Specifically, embodying a RNP in the form of a product metaphor will confuse consumers and reduce comprehension, unless the product metaphor is also explained through a textual clue.
Bio-inspired Design
Authors: MAZZOLENI Ilaria , GARBUIO Massimo , EISENBART Boris
Published: January 2020

Policymakers and stakeholders are asking corporations to innovate and synchronize their practices with that of the natural environment. In this hopefully thought-provoking position paper, we use a comprehensive review of literature and industrial practice in gradually building strong arguments that bio-inspired design is a possible pathway to achieve this. This approach is directly inspired by nature, given that it is nature that ultimately will suggest novel ways to conserve biodiversity and provide human beings with a sustainable lifestyle. We strive to show the value of bio-inspired products and services, not only by virtue of being more environmentally sustainable, but, when consolidated in a concerted business model and value chain to lead to a sustainable competitive advantage for companies.
The Application of UX Research in New Energy Vehicle Innovation
Authors: TAO Menghan , XIAO Ning , ZHAO Xingfu , LIU Wenbin
Published: January 2020

New energy vehicles(NEV) as a new thing for sustainable development, in China, on the one hand has faced the rapid expansion of the market; the other hand, for the new NEV users, the current NEVs cannot keep up with the degree of innovation. This paper demonstrates the reasons for the existence of this systematic challenge, and puts forward the method of UX research which is different from the traditional petrol vehicles research in the early stage of development, which studies from the user's essence level, to form the innovative product programs which meet the needs of users and being real attractive.
Designers as Innovators in Organizational Contexts
Authors: AINAMO Antti , SVENGREN HOLM Lisbeth , VILDINGE Christina
Published: January 2020

This paper proposes a typology for the different roles and drivers present-day designers may fulfil, which may depend on the kind of organisational context involved and the type of innovation. The interest in the potential of designers contributing to business and management innovation and the economy as a whole has grown, with the premise being that companies modelling innovation processes on the design process are more innovative and more successful than others. Design has become represented almost as a synonym to innovation and a legitimate response to criticisms of management training for being too scientific and detached from real-world complexities and problems. This raises a need to understand and clarify the roles designers can have or take, in companies but also in the public sector, where design is increasingly commissions contribute to innovation. Based on a multi-case study approach we propose a typology based on three different types related to the outcome of designers acting as innovators: product, process and service innovation. With these types of innovations we propose a typology for the different roles designers can have and take based on a hierarchical model related to the Double Diamond model for the design process. Radical innovations are related to strategic level and benefit from the potential of designers with an artistic and aesthetic approach.
Using Design Thinking to improve Strategic Decisions during Collaborative Sensemaking
Authors: KORIA Mikko , KOTINA Ekaterina , PRENDEVILLE Sharon
Published: January 2020

Human cognitive limitations affect strategic decision-making. One of such effects is emergence of cognitive biases, deviations from rationality in judgment. These biases can negatively influence an organisation's capability to capture and utilize new ideas, thus inhibiting innovation. Researchers have documented different strategies for mitigating cognitive biases – and many of them overlap with the ones emphasised in design thinking. However, research so far does not offer any specific “recipes” for mitigation of cognitive biases. This paper links together research on challenges of strategic decision-making, cognitive biases and design thinking. The paper investigates the effects of applying design-thinking tool in collaborative sensemaking stage, within a small business team, aiming to mitigate confirmation bias. The study indicated that newly introduced design-thinking tools did not have the expected positive influence on decision-making. The research contributes to the field by developing a new framework on how to identify and mitigate confirmation bias in strategic decision-making.
FREE Architecture
Authors: CORENO Victór , SANCHEZ Claudia , CORENO Victór
Published: January 2020

As architects, we study the behavior of the inhabitant, taking into account collective and individual subjectivity. However, it becomes difficult to generate transformative architecture when the user is seen as a bank of ergonomic data and space is understood as mere geographical coordinates. This results in the construction of spaces that are separate from existential depth, where the user is not actively involved in any of the design process, which affects his will, interests, and values. This also prevents interaction between different types of knowledge that arises from these spaces. Through this horizontal interaction, it is possible to obtain architectural design that transforms its context. Digital ethnography is a methodology that raises questions related to the practices of everyday life through a flexible and multilevel scheme where the virtual space reveals the social practices of a community, freeing up the space and scope of architecture and connecting lay with expert knowledge.
Logos' textual and visual content
Authors: CELHAY Franck
Published: January 2020

The logo is a key part of a brand’s visual identity. Logos appear on letterhead, business cards, annual reports, package and product designs, print and TV advertisements, websites and smartphone applications. As a result, logos have become an important way to capture awareness and build brand image. This study investigates how logo design impacts brand perception. More specifically, we explore how a logo’s textual content interacts with its graphic design to deliver a specific message. Semiotic theory provides the framework to study this question. Two logos with the same textual content but different designs are analyzed, first through a semiotic study and then with an experiment involving 903 survey respondents. The results confirm that the textual content of the logos interacts with the visual aspect in what we have termed the double anchorage effect.
Design processes for OBM firms in the NPD process
Authors: CHOI Youngok , CHOO Youngeun , DE VERE Ian
Published: January 2020

For production-oriented companies such as original brand manufacturers (OBMs), management of the NPD cycle is essential to how their business functions. However, because these companies focus on R&D activities, engineering and manufacturing goods, they often see design as a small fragment of their product development cycle rather than as an integral part of the process. This paper investigates current design processes, identifying how each process is run by different businesses. Literature reviews and in-depth interviews are undertaken with key NPD project personnel from OBM firms and international brands, to evaluate firms’ current problems operating the existing processes. The findings show an overview of how the design process is carried out by various functional groups in OBM consumer electronics companies and international brands respectively. It is anticipated that contributions to this research will guide OBM firms’ activities in each process of design, and help to improve managing overall design practices.
The connective role of improvisation in dealing with uncertainty during invention and design processes
Authors: MIETTINEN Satu , SARANTOU Melanie
Published: January 2020

This paper explores the role of improvisation in design thinking for product design processes and design research methods. Improvisation is often at the core of practice-based and participatory design, permitting flexibility. The role of improvisation in the performing arts has received considerable academic attention, however its role in design processes has been neglected, because improvisation is often viewed as the second-best solution to design problems. This paper presents a framework for improvisation by surveying existing scholarship. Additionally, field study data collected between 2011 and 2016, primarily in Namibia and Australia, will be used to illustrate how improvisation is applied by practitioners during their art and design activities. The connective function of improvisation allows designers to negotiate, take risks, unmake and remake formations. This function enables the fluidity of design, to move from one moment in a process to the next, allowing designers to negotiate ways of work during uncertainty.
The Disconnect Between Design Practice and Political Interests
Authors: QAZI Hajira , BOSCH GOMEZ Sofia
Published: January 2020

Long-term, sustainable transitions cannot occur without working at the political level to address the serious, global political challenges we are facing today. However, the capacity of design as a rigorous component and complement of the political world is yet to be seen. In this paper we discuss surveys we conducted, showing that there is a clear discrepancy between how designers engage in the political process as citizens and as professionals. We also discuss a subsequent workshop which allowed survey participants to explore these questions of roles and agency in greater depth and offered insights into barriers and opportunities. We found the workshop to be an effective method of helping designers identify leverage points and courses to intervene within both the designer’s sphere of influence and sphere of concern. In so doing, we might begin to draw more designers into the critical work of designing for a transition towards more inclusive and equitable socio-political futures.
Business Empathy
Authors: WARING Jack , PRICE Rebecca , WARING Carl
Published: January 2020

The strength of design is that it brings new perspectives - often referred to as ‘out of the box’ thinking. However, an attitudinal and methodological strength need not render the designer humble in systems-based business knowledge that improves the prospect of ideas being carried through to implementation. Systems thinking as a discipline offers designers a way to model and understand how a business works, from its processes and power structures to its people and underlying architecture. This paper proposes an incorporation of key system thinking tools including; Soft Systems Methodology, Business Architecture and Viable Systems Modelling into the design process to develop what we term business empathy. The paper contributes a system thinking perspective to an increasing body of literature regarding design innovation.
Mapping strategies for distributed, social and collaborative design systems of makers, designers and social entrepreneurs
Authors: MENICHINELLI Massimoab , GERSON SALTIEL SCHMIDT Alessandra , FERRONATO Priscilla
Published: January 2020

The practice of designers has recently evolved from a relatively closed ecosystem of professional actors to an ecosystem with less clear boundaries and roles. Makers can be considered (and often are) designers or a new kind of designers working with open, peer-to-peer, distributed and DIY approaches. And both makers and designers increasingly work with social innovation initiatives, becoming thus social entrepreneurs or collaborating with them. Where are makers, designers and social entrepreneurs, how many are there, how do we reach them and network them? This article presents a first exploration of literature, cases and datasets that represent direct or indirect approaches for mapping where they can be found. These formal or informal approaches are clustered in three groups: work, place and community. Each dimension generates a different perspective with different approaches and datasets, which influences our view and definition of makers, designers and social entrepreneurs.
The Leisure Time Canvas
Authors: DEN HAAN Marjolein C. , BRANKAERT Rens G. A. , LU Yuan
Published: January 2020

Understanding your user's daily life and interests is essential in providing insights that can be leveraged to define new design opportunities.  However, when designing for older adults, this can be challenging because, users may find it complicated to express themselves; designers may have difficulties to take their perspective and empathize with them. This paper introduces the Leisure Time Canvas, an empathy toolkit designed to facilitate older users to share stories about their activities and hobbies, to elicit their perspectives, desires and needs, and thereby inspire the design process. We report on the design of the canvas and its explorative use with six older adults and reflect on the resulting stories and design implications. This canvas aims to facilitate interaction between designers and user groups that may be difficult to empathize with or experience challenges in verbalizing their needs.
Towards a Tangible Philosophy through Design
Authors: VAN DIJK Jelle , VAN BELLE Jonne , EGGINK Wouter
Published: January 2020

The combined philosophy and design approach called Philosophy-through-Design (PtD) is proposed using an exemplary project about being-in-the-world in the digital age. PtD is a practical way to do philosophy through designing interventions, and involves various people in the exploration of philosophical concepts. It stems from the overlapping questions found in philosophy and design regarding human-technology interaction. By intertwining both, they benefit from describing, understanding and proposing human-technology interactions to unfold new questions and perspectives. In the exemplary project, being-in-the-world refers to a way of being that is embodied, active, open-ended and situational, based on the phenomenological and embodied theories of Tim Ingold. This concept questions what it means to be human in the digital age and how our lives with technology are built. The first results show the process of weaving together observation, creation and reflection, which presents Philosophy-through-Design as a promising method for designers to practice a tangible philosophy.