bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of vorticity on solitary waves
Authors: Nakayama Keisuke , Tani Kojiro , Yoshimura Hideto , Fujita Ichiro
Published: November 2022

The vorticity effect on solitary wave profiles has not been solved experimentally; previous studies theoretically and numerically showed that when a solitary wave progressed in the positive direction, the effective wavelength of a solitary wave with positive vorticity increased. Using laboratory experiments and fully nonlinear numerical simulations, we here show that the effective wavelength is extended more when positive vorticity is given to a progressive wave in the positive direction. We further show that the total energy increases with increasing positive vorticity, demonstrating that a wave with positive vorticity propagates with less attenuation and lasts longer than a solitary wave with no vorticity. We anticipate that our outcomes will provide a starting point for more sophisticated methods to investigate the effect of vorticity on solitary waves in laboratory experiments and numerical simulations.
Airborne ultrasound pulse amplification based on acoustic resonance switching
Authors: Hashimoto Yuki , Monnai Yasuaki
Published: November 2022

Airborne ultrasound radiation pressure, a nonlinear effect that appears as a static force in mid-air in the presence of strong ultrasound, has recently been applied in novel scientific and industrial fields. However, the output power of an ultrasound transducer remains low mainly due to the significant mismatch in acoustic impedance between a solid diaphragm and air. To circumvent this fundamental challenge, we propose to emit amplified airborne ultrasound pulses by instantaneously releasing stored acoustic energy into free-space. Specifically, we implement an acoustic cavity with a mechanically rotating shutter covering its open top. Once the acoustic cavity is fully charged, the stored energy is released by opening the shutter. By developing a choke structure that reduces leakage of the stored energy, we generate ultrasound pulses with 2.5 times higher peak power than the input continuous waves at 40 kHz. This preliminary result has a great potential to generate high-power ultrasound pulses using a conventional air-coupled transducer by separating the storage and radiation process, thus circumventing the fundamental limitation brought by impedance mismatch.
Automatic pseudo-coloring approaches to improve visual perception and contrast in polarimetric images of biological tissues
Authors: Rodríguez Carla , Van Eeckhout Albert , Garcia-Caurel Enrique , Lizana Angel , Campos Juan
Published: November 2022

Imaging polarimetry methods have proved their suitability to enhance the image contrast between tissues and structures in organic samples, or even to reveal structures hidden in regular intensity images. These methods are nowadays used in a wide range of biological applications, as for the early diagnosis of different pathologies. To include the discriminatory potential of different polarimetric observables in a single image, a suitable strategy reported in literature consists in associating different observables to different color channels, giving rise to pseudo-colored images helping the visualization of different tissues in samples. However, previous reported polarimetric based pseudo-colored images of tissues are mostly based on simple linear combinations of polarimetric observables whose weights are set ad-hoc, and thus, far from optimal approaches. In this framework, we propose the implementation of two pseudo-colored methods. One is based on the Euclidean distances of actual values of pixels and an average value taken over a given region of interest in the considered image. The second method is based on the likelihood for each pixel to belong to a given class. Such classes being defined on the basis of a statistical model that describes the statistical distribution of values of the pixels in the considered image. The methods are experimentally validated on four different biological samples, two of animal origin and two of vegetal origin. Results provide the potential of the methods to be applied in biomedical and botanical applications.
Preliminary results indicate that regular training induces high protection against oxidative stress in basketball players compared to soccer
Authors: Luti Simone , Militello Rosamaria , Fiaschi Tania , Magherini Francesca , Gamberi Tania , Parri Matteo , Marzocchini Riccardo , Pratesi Simone , Soldaini Riccardo , Modesti Alessandra , Modesti Pietro A.
Published: November 2022

In elite athlete several metabolic changes occur during regular training. These modifications are associated with changes in blood metabolic profile and can lead to adaptive mechanisms aimed at establish a new dynamic equilibrium, which guarantees better performance. The goal of this study was to characterize the plasma metabolic profile and redox homeostasis, in athletes practicing two different team sports such as soccer and basketball in order to identify potential metabolic pathways underlying the differences in training programs. A cohort of 30 male, 20 professional players (10 soccer and 10 basketballs) and 10 sedentary males as control were enrolled in the study. Plasma redox balance, metabolites and adiponectin were determined. The results show low levels of oxidative species (25.5%), with both high antioxidant capacity (17.6%) and adiponectin level (64.4%) in plasma from basketball players, in comparison to soccer players. Metabolic analysis indicates in basketball players a significant high plasma level of amino acids Valine and Ornithine both involved in redox homeostasis and anti-inflammatory metabolism.
Molecular characterization and elucidation of the function of Hap38 MAPK in the response of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) to UV-A stress
Authors: Yao Mengshuang , Liu Xiaofei , Meng Jianyu , Yang Changli , Zhang Changyu
Published: November 2022

The cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), an important pest of cotton, is detrimental to cotton production. Light from UV-A ultraviolet lamps is regarded as a form of environmental stress for insects. In order to investigate the response of H. armigera exposed to UV-A, we explored Hap38 MAPK expression and functions. We hope that the findings of this study will lay the foundation for future investigations into the insect’s phototaxis mechanism. A p38 MAPK was cloned and named Hap38 MAPK. A phylogenetic tree showed that Hap38 MAPK was highly conserved. The gene was highly expressed in the thorax and females. Under UV-A stress, the expression of the gene decreased significantly. After silencing Hap38 MAPK, the activity of the antioxidant enzymes SOD, POD, CAT, and GR decreased. This study suggested that Hap38 MAPK responds to UV-A irradiation and plays critical roles in the defense response to environmental stresses.
Vaccines against the original strain of SARS-CoV-2 provide T cell memory to the B.1.1.529 variant
Authors: Dörnte Charlyn , Traska Verena , Jansen Nicole , Kostyra Julia , Baurmann Herrad , Lauer Gereon , Huang Yi-Ju , Kramer Sven , Brauns Olaf , Winkels Holger , Schmitz Jürgen , Dose Christian , Richter Anne , Schuster Marc
Published: November 2022

Background

The SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.529 potentially escapes immunity from vaccination via a heavily mutated Spike protein. Here, we analyzed whether T cell memory towards the B.1.1.529 Spike protein is present in individuals who received two or three doses of vaccines designed against the original Wuhan strain of SARS-CoV-2.

Methods

PBMCs were isolated from two- and three-times vaccinated study participants and incubated in vitro with peptide pools of the Spike protein derived from sequences of the original Wuhan or the B.1.1.529 strains of SARS-CoV-2. Activated antigen-specific T cells were detected by flow cytometry. In silico analyses with NetMHCpan and NetMHCIIpan were used to determine differences in MHC class presentation between the original strain and the B.1.1.529 strain for the most common MHCs in the European-Caucasian population.

Results

Here we show, that both CD4 and CD8 responses to the B.1.1.529 Spike protein are marginally reduced compared to the ancestor protein and a robust T cell response is maintained. Epitope analyses reveal minor differences between the two SARS-CoV-2 strains in terms of MHC class presentations for the MHC-alleles being most common in the European-Caucasian population.

Conclusions

The memory T cell response induced via first generation vaccination remains robust and is mostly unaffected by B.1.1.529 mutations. Correspondingly, in silico analyses of MHC presentation of epitopes derived from the B.1.1.529 Spike protein shows marginal differences compared to the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain.
Association between ageing, brain chemistry and white matter volume revealed with complementary MRI and FTIR brain imaging
Authors: Lam Virginie , Phillips Juliette , Harrild Elizabeth , Tidy Rebecca J. , Hollings Ashley L. , Codd Lincoln , Richardson Kirsty , Celliers Liesl , Takechi Ryu , Mamo John C. L. , Hackett Mark J.
Published: November 2022

Ex vivo FTIR imaging reveals lipid distributions (red) alongside other spectroscopic markers in brain tissue, which can be used to provide greater biochemical insight when combined with in vivo MRI data sets collected from the same brain.
Qualitative and quantitative detection and identification of two benzodiazepines based on SERS and convolutional neural network technology
Authors: Sha Xuanyu , Fang Guoqiang , Cao Guangxu , Li Shuzhi , Hasi Wuliji , Han Siqingaowa
Published: November 2022

CNN-SERS is used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of benzodiazepines midazolam and diazepam. Deep learning can make full use of the information in the SERS spectrum and has advantages over traditional analysis strategies.
Inversion of chirality in GTM-4 enantio-enriched zeolite driven by a minor change of the structure-directing agent
Authors: de la Serna Ramón , Arnaiz Itziar , Márquez-Álvarez Carlos , Pérez-Pariente Joaquín , Gómez-Hortigüela Luis
Published: November 2022

The replacement of an ethyl by a benzyl substituent in N-methyl-pseudoephedrine-derived chiral SDAs brings an astonishing inversion of chirality in the resulting -ITV zeolite framework, also leading to an increase of the enantioselective properties.
Synergistic effect of biomass-derived carbon decoration and nitrogen defects on seaweed-like tubular g-C3N4 for enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution
Authors: Yu Weiwei , Zhang Xue , Wang Guanchao , Zhao Zhongkui
Published: November 2022

This work presents biomass-derived carbon modified N-deficient seaweed-like tubular g-C3N4 by facile thermal polymerization of freeze-dried sodium alginate, KOH and urea mixture, generating efficient and low-cost photocatalyst for H2 production.
Two three-dimensional Fe(ii) frameworks based on {P4Mo6} tetrameric clusters exhibiting efficient visible-light photocatalytic properties for the degradation of Cr(vi) and methylene blue
Authors: Guo Hui-Li , Xing Xiao-Xiao , Mao Shao-Xu , Feng Tong , Fan Yan-Hua , Qin Zhi-Jie , Pang Jing-Yu , Bai Yan , Dang Dong-Bin
Published: November 2022

Two 3-D frameworks with {P4Mo6}-based tetrameric cluster structural units have been successfully obtained and exhibit good photocatalytic activities.
Molten salt electrolytes for electrochemical capacitors with energy densities exceeding 50 W h kg−1
Authors: Wang Kuangyu , Chen Ziyao , Liu Kai , Yang Cheng , Zhang Haitian , Wu Yulong , Long Yuanzheng , Liu Hanlin , Jin Yang , Li Meicheng , Wu Hui
Published: November 2022

Inorganic molten salts are reported as a new electrolyte category for electrochemical capacitors with ultrahigh energy densities of over 50 W h kg−1.
Akkermansia muciniphila ameliorates depressive disorders in a murine alcohol-LPS (mALPS) model
Authors: Guo Dingming , Park Chaiwoo , Li Yun , Li Bei , Yang Qianqian , Deng Yun , Gao Na L. , Li Rong , Wang Xiangfeng , Yi Liwen , Liu Zhi
Published: November 2022

Depression is the most common mental disorder in the world.
Non-covalent interaction between pea protein isolate and catechin: effects on protein structure and functional properties
Authors: Zhang Na , Zhang Xuping , Zhang Yan , Li Yonglin , Gao Yuan , Li Qi , Yu Xiuzhu
Published: November 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of non-covalent interaction between pea protein isolate (PPI) and different concentrations (0.05–0.25%, w/v) of catechin (CT) on the structural and functional characteristics of protein.
Testing of drugs using human feto-maternal interface organ-on-chips provide insights into pharmacokinetics and efficacy
Authors: Richardson Lauren S. , K. Kammala Ananth , Costantine Maged M. , Fortunato Stephen J. , Radnaa Enkhtuya , Kim Sungjin , Taylor Robert N. , Han Arum , Menon Ramkumar
Published: November 2022

We developed multiple microfluidic organ-on-chip (OOC) devices that represent the structure, functions, and responses of the two feto-maternal interfaces (FMis) in humans (fetal membrane [FMi-OOC] and placenta [PLA-OOC]). Generated by BioRender.
4D printing of light activated shape memory polymers with organic dyes
Authors: Gastaldi Matteo , Spiegel Christoph A. , Vazquez-Martel Clara , Barolo Claudia , Roppolo Ignazio , Blasco Eva
Published: November 2022

An ink based on azodyes is presented, allowing fabrication of light activatable 4D shape memory geometries with spatiotemporal response control.
Degradation of tetracycline by persulfate oxidation promoted by iron-modified biochar
Authors: Yu Fangke , Song Yan , Guo Yueping , Yang Jing
Published: November 2022

The accumulation of tetracycline (TC) in the aquatic environment increases the risk to ecosystems and human health due to its potential biological toxicity.
A silanized magnetic amino-functionalized carbon nanotube-based multi-ion imprinted polymer for the selective aqueous decontamination of heavy metal ions
Authors: Kasiri Elahe , Arabkhani Payam , Haddadi Hedayat , Asfaram Arash , Varma Rajender S.
Published: November 2022

A novel adsorbent comprising a silanized magnetic amino-functionalized carbon nanotube-based multi-ion imprinted polymer is introduced as an ideal candidate for the simultaneous and selective adsorptive remediation of heavy metal ions from contaminated water.
Slow magnetic relaxation and selective luminescence sensor of Ln-radical chain involving imidazole-substituted nitronyl nitroxide radical
Authors: Zhong Qing , Dong Huiyang , Liu Yi , Zhu Mei
Published: November 2022

A family of 1D Ln-radical complexes have been obtained in which functionalized NIT-Ph-3-(1-Im) ligand linked LnIII ions in “head-to-tail” mode. Tb complex reveals slow magnetic relaxation and luminescent probe coexisting in a molecular entity.
Electric field writing and erasing of skyrmions in magnetoelectric Cu2OSeO3 with an ultralow energy barrier
Authors: Huang Ping , Cantoni Marco , Magrez Arnaud , Carbone Fabrizio , Rønnow Henrik M.
Published: November 2022

In situ Lorentz transmission electron microscopy experiments demonstrate that skyrmions in magnetoelectric helimagnet Cu2OSeO3 can be written and erased locally by electric fields with an ultralow energy barrier.
Two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) with band alignment transformation in multi-functional devices
Authors: Shehzad Nasir , Saeed Shahzad , Shahid Ismail , Khan Imad , Saeed Imran , Zapien Juan Antonio , Zhang Lixin
Published: November 2022

Two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) with tunable band alignment have the potential to be benignant in the development of minimal multi-functional and controllable electronics, but they have received little attention thus far.
Enhancing magnetic coupling through protonation of benzylideneaniline-bridged diradicals and comparison with stilbene- and azobenzene-based diradicals
Authors: Zhang Fengying , Feng Yiwei , Song Xinyu , Bu Yuxiang
Published: November 2022

Intramolecular magnetic coupling of the trans- and cis-forms of benzylideneaniline-bridged nitroxide diradicals of the pp series before and after protonation.
ZrO2 coated Li1.9K0.1ZnTi3O8 as an anode material for high-performance lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Peng Jing , Zeng Xianguang , Zhu Huafeng , Xia Kui , Gong Jing , Huang Kaixin
Published: November 2022

The Li1.9K0.1ZnTi3O8@ZrO2 (1 wt%, 3 wt%, and 5 wt%) anode material was successfully synthesized, where the ZrO2 coating layer was prepared by citric acid and zirconium acetate, and the potassium source was KCl.
Production of rare earth element oxide powders by solution combustion: a new approach for recycling of NdFeB magnets
Authors: Emil-Kaya Elif , Stopic Srecko , Gürmen Sebahattin , Friedrich Bernd
Published: November 2022

A promising flowsheet is proposed for REEs recovery from NdFeB magnets, as follows: (1) acid baking, (2) employment of ultrasound-assisted water leaching, (3) the production of rare earth oxides (RE oxides) by a solution combustion method, and (4) a calcination process.
Patterns of reasoning – exploring the interplay of students’ work with a scaffold and their conceptual knowledge in organic chemistry
Authors: Kranz David , Schween Michael , Graulich Nicole
Published: November 2022

Reaction mechanisms are a core component of organic chemistry. Being able to handle these mechanisms is a central skill for students in this discipline. Diagnosing and fostering mechanistic reasoning is hence an important branch of chemistry education research. When it comes to reasoning about mechanisms, students often experience difficulties because they either lack conceptual understanding, cannot make appropriate inferences, or struggle to link representations to chemical concepts. Instructional tools to bridge this gap are thus required in organic chemistry education. Recently, scaffolds to support students to make connections between properties and reaction pathways as well as connecting a representation to chemical concepts are documented to be helpful to foster students’ reasoning. Although the advantage of scaffolds is reported, the question arises of how students are working with scaffolds and if scaffolds can influence students’ scores in a conceptual knowledge test. In this study, we explored in a pre–post mixed methods approach how students recruited from an organic chemistry course are working with a written scaffold. We correlated their level of causal complexity and multivariateness expressed in the scaffolds with their score in a conceptual knowledge test pre and post. The task used consisted of scaffolded contrasting cases of two addition reaction steps of a nucleophile on a carbonyl carbon. The paper-pencil test used for pre-, and posttest covered the respective conceptual knowledge. We qualitatively identified patterns along the dimensions of causal complexity and multivariateness in students’ written responses in the scaffold and looked for relationships between students’ scores in the pre- and posttest and these two dimensions. We found five different patterns in students’ responses and were able to show that the score they achieved in the pretest influenced how effectively students were supported by the scaffold. Thus, this exploratory study provides encouraging implications and insights into the use of scaffolds.
InI3-catalyzed polyene cyclization of allenes and its application in the total synthesis of seven abietane-type diterpenoids
Authors: Huo Chen-Yu , Zheng Tian-Lu , Dai Wei-Hao , Zhang Zi-Hao , Wang Jin-Da , Zhu Dao-Yong , Wang Shao-Hua , Zhang Xiao-Ming , Xu Xue-Tao
Published: November 2022

A polyene cyclization mode using the allene group as the initiator has been successfully developed, and its potential utility has been well demonstrated by the collective synthesis of seven abietane-type diterpenoids.
Surfactant-chaperoned donor–acceptor–donor NIR-II dye strategy efficiently circumvents intermolecular aggregation to afford enhanced bioimaging contrast
Authors: Han Tianyang , Wang Yajun , Xu Jiajun , Zhu Ningning , Bai Lang , Liu Xiangping , Sun Bin , Yu Chenlong , Meng Qinglun , Wang Jiaqi , Su Qi , Cai Qing , Hettie Kenneth S. , Zhang Yuewei , Zhu Shoujun , Yang Bai
Published: November 2022

PEGylation of donor–acceptor–donor (D–A–D) dyes causes inherent self-assembly thus unavoidably reducing their intrinsic brightness. We develop a new surfactant-chaperoned strategy to conquer the intermolecular aggregation of NIR-II fluorophores.
Symbol detection using extreme learning machine network for MU‐SIMO systems
Authors: Biswas Pialy , Mallik Ranjan K.
Published: November 2022

This paper focuses on symbol detection for a multi‐user single‐input multiple‐output (MU‐SIMO) uplink using supervised machine learning techniques. An extreme learning machine (ELM) is chosen as the equalizer at the receiver end due to its super‐fast learning ability and minimum training error. To tune the parameters, a pilot based online training for an ELM network is proposed, and those parameters are further used to detect the unknown transmitted symbols. Conventionally, the channel matrix is estimated using known pilot symbols explicitly and then the transmitted symbol is recovered using a linear equalizer. Here, instead of directly estimating the channel coefficients, the symbols are detected using an ELM based direct equalizer followed by a hard decision rule. To reduce the pilot requirement of the proposed model, a method is discussed where the channel is estimated using a small number of pilot symbols and the ELM network is trained using a separate training dataset along with the channel estimate. Furthermore, the performance comparison between the proposed ELM based equalizers, linear equalizers, and nonlinear detection techniques is shown.
Rate‐compatible spatially coupled LDPC code ensembles by partial repetition extension
Authors: Liu Yang , Wang Bin , Zhang Zeyue , Zhang Yuzhi , Yuen Chau
Published: November 2022

Herein, one partial repetition extension method is proposed to construct the rate‐compatible spatially coupled low‐density parity‐check (RC‐SCLDPC) codes. For each position of the base SCLDPC code, a certain proportion of the variable nodes are first selected randomly and then repeated a certain number of times. By adjusting the selection proportions and the repetition times, a family of RC‐SCLDPC codes with arbitrary rates from 0 to the rate of the base SCLDPC code can be obtained and the rate‐compatibility is realized. Threshold analysis results show that all member codes in the proposed RC‐SCLDPC code family display capacity‐approaching thresholds over the binary erasure channel and additive white Gaussian noise channel. Finite length simulation results also confirm their excellent thresholds. Moreover, the decoding complexity can be significantly decreased using this partial repetition extension method.
Bleeding Issues in Women Under Oral Anticoagulation
Authors: Kalmanti Lida , Lindhoff-Last Edelgard
Published: November 2022

In premenopausal women treatment with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) can be associated with an increased risk of heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) compared with vitamin K antagonists. These findings come from retrospective or prospective single-center studies and post hoc analysis of regulatory studies in which HMB was not a predefined safety outcome. In most of these publications, there is a lack of information about the use of different contraceptive methods which can influence HMB. Another limitation is the various definitions of HMB, which makes comparison between studies regarding the incidences of HMB difficult.

Therefore, prospective studies are urgently needed to investigate the severity and duration of unaffected menstrual bleeding under oral anticoagulation independently of oral contraceptives or intrauterine devices. An ongoing multicenter German registry is aiming to compare the incidence of unaffected HMB in consecutive women of reproductive age (18–50 years) treated with different DOACs because of venous thromboembolism.

When HMB occurs during oral anticoagulation, management includes interruption or dose reduction of anticoagulation with the danger of recurrent venous thrombosis, switch to another oral anticoagulant, or additional use of the antifibrinolytic agent tranexamic acid with the potential risk of thrombosis. Concomitant use of either oral hormonal contraceptive therapy or hormone-releasing intrauterine systems can also reduce HMB.
Venous Thromboembolism Issues in Women
Authors: Linnemann Birgit , Rott Hannelore , Zotz Rainer , Hart Christina
Published: November 2022

The lifetime risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is slightly higher in women than in men. There are several issues related to VTE that are unique to women. Combined hormonal contraceptives and pregnancy increase the risk of VTE in women of childbearing age, whereas hormone replacement therapy increases the VTE risk of postmenopausal women. Hereditary thrombophilia and risk factors such as older age, obesity, or smoking contribute to the risk increase. In women diagnosed with acute hormone-related VTE who are treated with oral anticoagulants, adequate contraception is mandatory to avoid unwanted pregnancies. According to current knowledge, hormonal contraception may be continued during anticoagulant therapy but must be switched to an estrogen-free contraception method at least 6 weeks before the termination of anticoagulation. VTE is also a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Currently, assisted reproduction technologies such as in vitro fertilization are widely used to treat couples affected by infertility. Complications of fertility treatment comprise VTE cases, especially in women with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. With this review, we intended to focus on VTE issues in women and summarize current evidence and guideline recommendations.
Effizienzvergleich von Inhalations- und Injektionsnarkose zur Kastration männlicher Saugferkel auf unterschiedlichen, ökologisch arbeitenden Praxisbetrieben
Authors: Richter Arlinda , Kühling Josef , Becker Sabrina , Heckmann Sabine , Hermanowski Robert , Lambertz Christian , Reiner Gerald
Published: November 2022

Gegenstand und Ziel Die Effizienz der Injektions- und Inhalationsnarkose zur betäubungslosen Kastration von unter 8 Tage alten männlichen Saugferkeln wird kontrovers diskutiert. Allerdings fehlen direkte Vergleiche zwischen den Narkoseverfahren, insbesondere unter Bedingungen ökologisch arbeitender Betriebe, bislang fast vollständig. Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung war es daher, die Effizienz der Injektions- und Inhalationsnarkose auf 7 ökologisch arbeitenden Betrieben unter Praxisbedingungen zu vergleichen und den Effekt von Metamizol zusätzlich zu Meloxicam zu überprüfen.

Material und Methoden Hierzu wurden 514 männliche Saugferkel bezüglich Narkoseeffizienz (Perianal- und Zwischenklauenreflex, Abwehrverhalten), Körpertemperatur, Nachblutung und Wundheilung, postoperativem Verhalten und Schmerzverhalten sowie dem Ablauf der Nachschlafphase untersucht.

Ergebnisse Die Inhalationsnarkose war der Injektionsnarkose grundsätzlich überlegen, insbesondere bezüglich Narkoseeffizienz, Thermoregulation und Nachschlafphase. Doch waren bei 7,7 bis 15 % der Ferkel die Reflexe zum Zeitpunkt der Kastration noch vorhanden. Nach Injektions- oder Inhalationsnarkose zeigten insgesamt 83,6 bzw. 25,2 % der Ferkel mindestens eines der folgenden Kriterien: positive Reflexantwort, deutliche Abwehrbewegungen, eine deutliche Abwehrintensität oder Lautäußerungen. Die Körpertemperatur fiel unter Inhalationsnarkose um durchschnittlich 0,41 °C, unter Injektionsnarkose um 1,82 °C ab. Fast alle Ferkel zeigten, unabhängig von der Narkoseart, 5 und 72 Stunden nach der Kastration Anzeichen von Schmerz- und schmerzassoziiertem Verhalten. Die Nachschlafphasen dauerten nach Injektionsnarkose mit 107 Minuten bis zum Zurücksetzen der Ferkel an die Sau signifikant länger als nach Inhalationsnarkose (33,3 Minuten).

Schlussfolgerung Weder die Injektions- noch die Inhalationsnarkose unter Einsatz von Meloxicam und auch nicht bei zusätzlicher Anwendung von Metamizol erfüllen die Anforderungen der EU an eine schmerzfreie Kastration.

Klinische Relevanz Die notwendige Schmerzausschaltung während und nach der Kastration männlicher Saugferkel wird weder unter Isofluran noch unter Ketamin/Azaperon-Narkose erreicht, trotz Einsatz von Meloxicam und Metamizol.
Thromboinflammation: Dynamik physiologischer und pathologischer
Wechselwirkungen von Entzündung und Koagulation
Authors: Stefanski Ana-Luisa , Nitschke Eduard , Dörner Thomas
Published: November 2022

Das konzertante Zusammenspiel zwischen endothelialer Dysfuntion, aktivierten
Thrombozyten und anderen Immunzellen sowie simultaner Komplementaktivierung
führt zur Aktivierung und gegenseitigen Verstärkung sowohl der
Immunantwort als auch der Gerinnungskaskade. Durch die unkontrollierte Fortdauer
dieser physiologischen Mechanismen kann der pathologische Prozess der
Thromboinflammation induziert werden. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit fassen
wir grundlegende Mechanismen zusammen, die zur Thromboinflammation als ein
Auslöser von venösen Thromboembolien führen.
Einfluss der Verordnung über Tierärztliche Hausapotheken auf den Antibiotikaeinsatz bei Hund und Katze in Bayern
Authors: Mohr Kaye , Nolff Mirja , Zablotski Yury , Dittus Thomas , Korbel Rüdiger , Meyer-Lindenberg Andrea , Wolf Georg , Hiss Katrin , Peters Hannah , Schulz Bianka
Published: November 2022

Gegenstand und Ziel Ziel der Studie war es, Daten über den Einsatz von Antibiotika (AB) bei Hunden und Katzen in Tierarztpraxen und -kliniken in Bayern zu erheben. Dabei sollte evaluiert werden, ob sich Änderungen hinsichtlich des Antibiotikaeinsatzes nach Novellierung der Verordnung über Tierärztliche Hausapotheken (TÄHAV) im März 2018 ergeben haben.

Material und Methoden Mittels zweier anonymisierter Online-Umfragen wurden 2017 und 2020 Tierärzte/-innen (TÄ) in Bayern, zu deren Patienten Hunde und Katzen zählen, zur Anwendung von AB sowie zur Einschätzung der Resistenzsituation befragt. Die Ergebnisse der beiden Umfragen wurden anschließend miteinander verglichen.

Ergebnisse Für 2017 konnten 238 Fragebögen ausgewertet werden; 2020 waren es 160. Die 3 am häufigsten zur systemischen Therapie beim Kleintier angewendeten AB waren 2017 Amoxicillin/Clavulansäure (74,8 % der TÄ), Enrofloxacin (56,7 %) und Amoxicillin (53,4 %). 2020 wurden Amoxicillin/Clavulansäure (88,8 %), Amoxicillin (67,5 %) und Metronidazol (33,8 %) genannt. Die teilnehmenden TÄ gaben an, signifikant weniger Cephalosporine der 3. und 4. Generation (von 20,2 % der teilnehmenden TÄ in 2017 auf 9,4 % in 2020, p = 0,005) und Fluorchinolone (von 80,3 % auf 33,1 %, p < 0,001) einzusetzen. Die Wahl eines AB wurde 2020 bei 83,8 % der befragten TÄ durch rechtliche Vorgaben beeinflusst; weitere Einflussfaktoren waren Verträglichkeit (81,3 %), Applikationsart (76,9 %), Akzeptanz durch den Patienten (70,0 %) und Häufigkeit der Anwendung (64,4 %), wobei letzterer von TÄ aus der Praxis (83,8 %, p = 0,004) signifikant häufiger genannt wurden als von TÄ aus Kliniken.

Schlussfolgerung Im Vergleich zu 2017 gaben TÄ 2020 einen signifikant geringeren Einsatz von Fluorchinolonen und Cephalosporinen der 3. und 4. Generation bei Hund und Katze an. Diese Änderungen im Verschreibungsverhalten könnten Folgen der Novellierung der TÄHAV sein, die ein Umwidmungsverbot sowie eine Antibiogrammpflicht dieser AB-Klassen vorgibt.

Klinische Relevanz Rechtliche Vorgaben können möglicherweise einen positiven Einfluss auf die Menge und Art der in der Kleintiermedizin eingesetzten Antibiotika haben und somit bei der Vermeidung von Antibiotikaresistenzen helfen.
Entzündungs- und Nekrosesyndrom des Schweins (SINS) – eine Übersicht
Authors: Reiner Gerald
Published: November 2022

Entzündungen und Teilverluste des Schwanzes treten in hoher Frequenz auf und müssen bekämpft werden, wenn das Tierwohl beim Schwein verbessert werden soll. Dabei greift die alleinige Berücksichtigung des Schwanzbeißens zu kurz. Entzündungen und Nekrosen des Schwanzes treten regelmäßig auch ohne Zutun anderer Schweine auf. Der Nachweis entsprechender Veränderungen bereits zum Zeitpunkt der Geburt, das gehäuft synchrone Auftreten an so verschiedenen Körperlokalisationen wie Schwanz, Ohren, Zitzen, Klauen und anderen Partien, sowie der pathohistologische Nachweis Blutgefäß-assoziierter Veränderungen sprechen für eine primär endogene Ursache und ein Syndrom, auch wenn die Symptomatik mit Umweltfaktoren interagiert. Die Veränderungen können bei Saug- und Absatzferkeln sowie in der Mast beobachtet werden. Die Verbesserung der Umwelt kann zu erheblicher Reduktion von Entzündungen und Nekrosen führen. Gleichzeitig zeigen sich erhebliche genetische Effekte der Eber und Sauen. Der vorliegende Übersichtsartikel beleuchtet alle bislang bekannten Facetten von SINS (Swine Inflammation and Necrosis Syndrome) und gibt einen Einblick in die Eckpunkte der Pathogenese. Das Bewusstsein für ein neues und vom Schwanzbeißen abzugrenzendes Krankheitsbild soll einen Beitrag zu dessen Bekämpfung und somit zur Steigerung des Tierwohls beim Schwein leisten.
A Retrospective Cohort Study Comparing Outcomes of Pediatric Intensive Care Patients after Changing from Higher to Permissive Blood Pressure Targets
Authors: Mohammed Ahmed Shakir , Klonin Hilary
Published: November 2022

New neurological morbidity post pediatric intensive care (PIC) poses substantial problems, with a need to understand the relationship of outcome to blood pressure (BP) targets. The aim of the study is to see whether a change from a higher BP targeted strategy to a permissive one improved outcomes for development of new neurological morbidity, length of stay (LOS), and PIC-acquired infection. A retrospective cohort analysis was undertaken, comparing outcomes before and after the change. The higher BP cohort targets were set using standardized age-based centiles. In the permissive cohort, lower BPs were allowed, dependent on physiological variables. Targeted treatment continued throughout the critical illness. New neurological morbidity was defined as any deterioration from baseline, attributable to the admission, measured by post discharge clinical and records review over a minimum period of 4 years. Results were analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics v26. Of 123 admissions in the permissive and 214 admissions in the higher BP target cohorts, 88 (72%) and 188 (88%) survived without new neurological morbidity (permissive vs. higher cohort OR 0.348 [95% CI 0.197–0.613] p <0.001). Median LOS was 2 (interquartile [IQ] range 2–5) and 3 (IQ range 2–6) days for the permissive and higher cohorts, respectively (p = 0.127). Three (2.4%) and 7 (3.3%) admissions in the permissive and higher BP cohorts respectively suffered PIC-acquired infection (p = 0.666). A higher BP targeted strategy was associated with protection from new neurological morbidity as compared with a permissive strategy, supporting the need for prospective studies into BP targets.
Refractory Headaches
Authors: Begasse de Dhaem Olivia , Rizzoli Paul
Published: November 2022

Medication overuse headache (MOH), new daily persistent headache (NDPH), and persistent refractory headache attributed to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection represent a significant burden in terms of disability and quality of life, and a challenge in terms of definition, pathophysiology, and treatment. Regarding MOH, prevention without withdrawal is not inferior to prevention with withdrawal. Preventive medications like topiramate, onabotulinumtoxinA, and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) monoclonal antibodies improve chronic migraine with MOH regardless of withdrawal. The differential diagnosis of NDPH is broad and should be carefully examined. There are no guidelines for the treatment of NDPH, but options include a short course of steroids, nerve blocks, topiramate, nortriptyline, gabapentin, CGRP monoclonal antibodies, and onabotulinumtoxinA. The persistence of headache 3 months after SARS-CoV2 infection is a predictor of poor prognosis.
Linear stability analysis and nonlinear simulations of convective dissolution in an inclined porous layer between impermeable surfaces
Authors: Lucena R. M. , Pontes J. , De Wit A. , Anjos G. R. , Mangiavacchi N.
Published: November 2022

Convective dissolution can occur in porous media when a given solute dissolves in a host layer from above and increases the density of the host solution. Buoyancy-driven fingering can then develop, which increases the transfer flux of the solute. We investigate here numerically the properties of this convective dissolution when the porous host layer is inclined by an angle θ relative to the horizontal direction. We consider an incompressible flow in porous media governed by Darcy’s law, driven by density gradients associated with the concentration of the dissolving solute. The model problem focuses on the case of a very long (infinite) tilted porous layer limited by two parallel impermeable surfaces. A linear stability analysis and nonlinear simulations are performed using the Boussinesq approximation. A vorticity-stream function formulation is adopted to solve the two-dimensional hydrodynamic field through the finite element method. We find that the inclination of the interface decreases the growth rate of the instability and the range of unstable wavenumbers, delaying or even suppressing the onset of the fingering instability. Moreover, it introduces a drift velocity on the perturbations, which is characterized here in both the linear stability analysis and the nonlinear simulations.
Study of low-dimensional nonlinear fractional difference equations of complex order
Authors: Joshi Divya D. , Gade Prashant M. , Bhalekar Sachin
Published: November 2022

We study the fractional maps of complex order, α0eirπ/2, for 0<α0<1 and 0≤r<1 in one and two dimensions. In two dimensions, we study Hénon, Duffing, and Lozi maps, and in 1d, we study logistic, tent, Gauss, circle, and Bernoulli maps. The generalization in 2d can be done in two different ways, which are not equivalent for fractional order and lead to different bifurcation diagrams. We observed that the smooth maps, such as logistic, Gauss, Duffing, and Hénon maps, do not show chaos, while discontinuous maps, such as Bernoulli and circle maps,show chaos. The tent and Lozi map are continuous but not differentiable, and they show chaos as well. In 2d, we find that the complex fractional-order maps that show chaos also show multistability. Thus, it can be inferred that the smooth maps of complex fractional order tend to show more regular behavior than the discontinuous or non-differentiable maps.
n-type diamond synthesized with tert-butylphosphine for long spin coherence times of perfectly aligned NV centers
Authors: Kawase Riku , Kawashima Hiroyuki , Kato Hiromitsu , Tokuda Norio , Yamasaki Satoshi , Ogura Masahiko , Makino Toshiharu , Mizuochi Norikazu
Published: November 2022

The longest spin coherence times for nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers at room temperature have been achieved in phosphorus-doped n-type diamond. However, difficulty controlling impurity incorporation and the utilization of highly toxic phosphine gas in the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique pose problems for the growth of n-type diamond. In the present study, n-type diamond samples were synthesized by CVD using tert-butylphosphine, which is much less toxic than phosphine. The unintentional incorporation of nitrogen was found to be suppressed by incrementally increasing the gas flow rates of H2 and CH4. It was found that the spin coherence time (T2) increased with decreasing the nitrogen concentration, which suggests that the nitrogen concentration limits the length of T2. In the sample with the lowest nitrogen concentration, T2 increased to 1.62 ± 0.10 ms. Optically detected magnetic resonance spectra indicated that all of the measured NV centers were aligned along the [111] direction. Hall measurements confirmed n-type conduction in three measured samples prepared under different growth conditions. The highest measured Hall mobility at room temperature was 422 cm2/(V s). This study provides appropriate CVD conditions for growing phosphorus-doped n-type diamond with perfectly aligned NV centers exhibiting long spin coherence times, which is important for the production of quantum diamond devices.
Planar central configurations with five different positive masses
Authors: Piña E.
Published: November 2022

We study planar five-body central configurations with different positive masses. From Laura–Andoyer equations, we recover the variational formulation in terms of the potential energy and the total inertia moment, including constraints on the distances. We use coordinates to prove the permanence of the central configuration by Newton equations of motion. The masses appear in our coordinates, forming a rigid orthocentric simplex in four dimensions, with the masses at the vertices. The linear dimensions are determined by a distance. We use different angles, with one angle measuring the rotation around the center of mass. The rest of the coordinates are angles that are constants of motion for central configurations. One angle measures the ratio of the two principal moments of inertia. The rest of the coordinates determine the rotation around the center of mass of the rigid simplex of masses with respect to the plane and to the direction of projection from four to two dimensions. We transform the Laura–Andoyer equations into different expressions in 10 and 5 dimensions, including the properties of the areas formed by five point bodies in the plane. Furthermore, we presented three numerical computed configurations of planar five-body central configurations, one convex and two concave, which give numerical confirmation of our equations with a precision better than 10−12.
A fiber-coupled dispersion interferometer for density measurements of pulsed power transmission line electron sheaths on Sandia’s Z machine
Authors: Hines N. R. , Patel Sonal , Scoglietti Daniel , Gilmore Mark , Billingsley S. L. , Dwyer R. H. , Awe Thomas , Armstrong Darrell , Bliss David , Laity George , Cuneo Michael
Published: November 2022

A fiber-coupled Dispersion Interferometer (DI) is being developed to measure the electron density of plasmas formed in power flow regions, such as magnetically insulated transmission lines, on Sandia National Laboratories (SNL’s) Z machine [D. B. Sinars et al., Phys. Plasmas 27, 070501 (2020)]. The diagnostic operates using a fiber-coupled 1550 nm CW laser with frequency-doubling to 775 nm. The DI is expected to be capable of line-average density measurements between ∼1013 and 1019 cm−2. Initial testing has been performed on a well-characterized RF lab plasma [A. G. Lynn et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 103501 (2009)] at the University of New Mexico to quantify the density resolution lower limits of the DI. Initial testing of the DI has demonstrated line-average electron density measurements within 9% of results acquired via a 94 GHz mm wave interferometer for line densities of ∼1 × 1014 cm−2, despite significant differences in probe beam geometries. The instrument will next be utilized for measurements on a ∼1 MA-scale pulsed power driver {MYKONOS [N. Bennett et al., Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 22, 120401 (2019)] at SNL} before finally being deployed on SNL’s Z machine. The close electrode spacing (mm scale) on Z requires probe beam sizes of ∼1 mm, which can only be obtained with visible or near infrared optical systems, as opposed to longer wavelength mm wave systems that would normally be chosen for this range of density.
Field-induced modification of the electronic structure in BTBT-based organic thin films observed by NEXAFS spectroscopy
Authors: Johnson M. , Hawly T. , Zhao B. , Halik M. , Nefedov A. , Fink R.
Published: November 2022

We present an in operando near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) study on p-type [11-(benzo[b]benzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-d]thiophen-2-yl)dodecyl)] BTBT-based self-assembled monolayer (BTBT-SAM) films. As a 2D-model system, the BTBT-SAM offers direct insight into the active organic semiconductor layer without interfering bulk materials. This allows for the observation of polaronic states caused by charged species at the dielectric/organic interface. Linear NEXAFS dichroism is employed to derive the molecular orientation of the BTBT subunit. Field-induced modifications in the unoccupied molecular orbitals are observed in the NEXAFS spectra. The spectral changes in the on- and off-states are discussed in the context of polaron formation due to charge accumulation induced by the applied electric field.
Anomalous high thermal conductivity in heavy element compounds with van der Waals interaction
Authors: Wu Hao , Zhang Yi-Lin , Guo Zhi-Xin , Gong Xin-Gao
Published: November 2022

It is conventionally believed that lattice thermal conductivity (κ) decreases with increasing atomic mass (negative atomic-mass correlation), and the high κ can only occur in crystals composed of strongly bonded light elements. By solving the fundamental thermal conductivity equation using first-principles calculations, here we reveal the anomalous κ departing from the long-held concept, that is, a positive atomic-mass correlation and high κ with heavy elements and weakly bonded interaction. We demonstrate this anomalous phenomenon by performing calculations of the cross-plane κ of the layered compounds, i.e., the h-BX family with X = N, P, and As. We find that the anomalous increase in the cross-plane κ with X going from N to As results in the cross-plane/in-plane conductivity ratio, generally expected to be much smaller than 1 in layered compounds, reaching as large as 2.6 at low temperatures. We also find that the unusually high cross-plane κ (660 W m−1 K−1), which is comparable to the bulk silicon with strong covalent bonding interactions, can be generated by a weak van der Waals interaction. Our analysis shows that the anomalous κ arises from one-dimensional-like phonons propagating in the cross-plane direction, which is due to the extremely large phonon anisotropy induced by the combined effect of atomic-mass difference and structural anisotropy. This discovery paves an avenue to realize thermally conductive materials that have weakly bonded structures, which can be potentially applied in the design of high-performance nanoelectronic devices.
Effects of phase difference on hydrodynamic interactions and wake patterns in high-density fish schools
Authors: Pan Yu , Dong Haibo
Published: November 2022

In this study, we numerically investigate the effects of the tail-beat phase differences between the trailing fish and its neighboring fish on the hydrodynamic performance and wake dynamics in a two-dimensional high-density school. Foils undulating with a wavy-like motion are employed to mimic swimming fish. The phase difference varies from 0° to 360°. A sharp-interface immersed boundary method is used to simulate flows over the fish-like bodies and provide quantitative analysis of the hydrodynamic performance and wakes of the school. It is found that the highest net thrust and swimming efficiency can be reached at the same time in the fish school with a phase difference of 180°. In particular, when the phase difference is 90°, the trailing fish achieves the highest efficiency, 58% enhancement compared with a single fish, while it has the highest thrust production, increased by 108% over a single fish, at a phase difference of 0°. The performance and flow visualization results suggest that the phase of the trailing fish in the dense school can be controlled to improve thrust and propulsive efficiency, and these improvements occur through the hydrodynamic interactions with the vortices shed by the neighboring fish and the channel formed by the side fish. In addition, the investigation of the phase difference effects on the wake dynamics of schools performed in this work represents the first study in which the wake patterns for systems consisting of multiple undulating bodies are categorized. In particular, a reversed Bénard–von Kármán vortex wake is generated by the trailing fish in the school with a phase difference of 90°, while a Bénard–von Kármán vortex wake is produced when the phase difference is 0°. Results have revealed that the wake patterns are critical to predicting the hydrodynamic performance of a fish school and are highly dependent on the phase difference.