bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SVOD MARKALARININ TWİTTER ÜZERİNDEKİ İLETİŞİMLERİ: NETFLIX’TEN BLUTV’YE
Authors: PARMAKSIZ Mehmet Yalçın , ENGİNKAYA Ebru
Published: December 2019

Dünya çapında 2,7 milyardan fazla sosyal medya kullanıcısı farklı
ürünler ve markalar hakkındaki düşüncelerini her an farklı cihazlar yoluyla
paylaşmaktadır. Aboneliğe dayalı talebe bağlı video servislerine (SVOD) erişim daha
önce olmadığı kadar kolaylaşmıştır. Bu çalışmada, 250 milyondan fazla
kullanıcısıyla dünyada en yaygın olarak takip edilen dördüncü sosyal ağ sitesi
Twitter üzerinden SVOD markalarının sosyal ağ iletişim stillerinin analizi
amaçlanmıştır. Tarama modeli kullanan araştırmada, Netflix, Tivibu ve Blutv’nin
Türkçe paylaşım yapan hesaplarındaki tweetleri üç ay boyunca incelenmiş ve kategorilere
ayrılmıştır. Sonuç olarak SVOD firmalarının Twitter hesaplarındaki marka iletişimleri
ile diğer dijital mecralar ve geleneksel medyadaki pazarlama iletişimlerini
tutarlı yürüttükleri, takipçileriyle bağımsız bir onaylama ile iletişime
geçtikleri görülmüştür. Farklı amaçlara yönelik hesaplara belirli dönemde sadece
Netflix’in sahip olduğu ve Tivibu’nun elektronik ağızdan ağıza iletişim (eWOM)
davranışını cesaretlendirmeyen bir iletişim sürdürdüğü tespit edilmiştir.
YAPISAL KIRILMALAR EŞLİĞİNDE DÖVİZ KURU OYNAKLIĞI İLE TÜRKİYE’NİN SEKTÖREL DIŞ TİCARETİ ARASINDAKİ ETKİLEŞİM
Authors: ÖZKUL Gökhan , ÖZTÜRK Ayşe
Published: December 2019

Döviz
kurlarındaki dalgalanma ve oynaklıklar risk ve belirsizlik ortamlarının
artmasına neden olarak Türkiye gibi gelişmekte olan ülkelerde dış ticaret
üzerinde istenmeyen etkiler yaratmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın amacı
Türkiye’de 1997:01-2018:12 dönemlerinde döviz kuru oynaklığı ve reel döviz kuru
ile sektörel dış ticaret arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Çalışmada döviz
kurlarındaki oynaklığı ölçmeye yönelik olarak hareketli ortalamalara dayanan
standart sapma yöntemi, serilerin durağanlıklarını test etmek için ADF ve PP
birim kök testleri, yapısal kırılmaları test etmek için ise Zivot-Andrews ve
Lee-Strazicich birim kök testleri kullanılmıştır. Yapısal kırılmaların varlığı
ile değişkenler arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi aylık veriler kullanılarak
Toda-Yamamoto nedensellik analiziyle incelenmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre
döviz kuru oynaklığı ile tarım ve madencilik sektörü dış ticareti arasında,
reel döviz kuru ile de tarım ve imalat sanayi sektörü dış ticareti arasında
nedensellik ilişkisi olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.
A Reformist, a Diplomat, and a Benevolent Merchant: Hājī Mīrzā Sayyīd Muhammad-Taqī Shīrāzī (Afnān), the Shīrāzī Trading House and the Propagation of the Babi-Baha⁠ʾi Faith
Authors: Shahvar Soli
Published: December 2019

The aim of this paper is to offer a glimpse into the Baha⁠ʾi mercantile community in Iran during the second half of the nineteenth century and its reformist and modernist attitudes through the accounts of one of its leading merchants, Hājī Mīrzā Sayyīd Muhammad-Taqī Shīrāzī (Afnān).
Multi-instar descriptions of cave dwelling Erythraeidae (Trombidiformes: Parasitengona) employing an integrative approach
Authors: DOS SANTOS COSTA SAMUEL GEREMIAS , KLOMPEN HANS , DE OLIVEIRA BERNARDI LEOPOLDO FERREIRA , GONÇALVES LUCIANA CARDOSO , RIBEIRO DANTE BATISTA , PEPATO ALMIR ROGÉRIO
Published: December 2019

The life cycle of Parasitengona includes major morphological changes precluding an instar association based only on the morphology. This makes rearing and/or molecular data necessary to associate the heteromorphic instars. Most of the described species are known from either post larval instars or larva. Following a previous study on Palearctic Erythraeidae, in the present study the instar association was made through an integrative approach including rearing trials and molecular analysis of the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene with the Bayesian Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent (bGMYC) algorithm for species delimitation. Two new cave dwelling Erythraeidae (Trombidiformes: Parasitengona) species are described Lasioerythraeus jessicae sp. nov. and Leptus sidorchukae sp. nov. including all active instars. Additionally, a complete description of the previously unknown adults of Charletonia rocciai Treat & Flechtmann, 1979 is provided with notes on the larva and deutonymph. We also demonstrate experimentally that Ch. rocciai larvae are not attached to the same individual host during the entire feeding stage. We discuss the presence of troglomorphisms in Le. sidorchukae sp. nov.; and the distribution of the species.
Ontogenetic morphology of Tutorozetes incisirostris Ermilov, 2016, with remarks on juveniles of Punctoribatidae (Acari: Oribatida)
Authors: BAYARTOGTOKH BADAMDORJ , ERMILOV SERGEY G.
Published: December 2019

The morphological ontogeny of most species of Punctoribatidae is still insufficient or unknown. Comparative characteristics of juveniles of Tutorozetes incisirostris are given for the first time in Tutorozetes based on material from southern Chile (Patagonia); and the major characteristics of juvenile instars of 15 punctoribatid species are presented, based on literature sources. The larva and nymphs of this species are generally similar to those of the other representatives of Punctoribatidae. Basic characteristics of juveniles are the body unpigmented, light yellowish or flesh-coloured with porose cuticle; gastronotic and anogenital regions folded; humeral organ absent; prodorsum stockier in larva than in nymphs and adult; gastronotic shield poorly sclerotized; prodorsal, gastronotic and ventral setae setiform, except clavate bothridial seta; larva with 12 pairs, nymphs with 15 pairs of gastronotic setae. We discuss the generic status of Tutorozetes and its possible synonymy with Minunthozetes.
Involvement of phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced putative kinase 1/Parkin-mediated autophagy in angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy in C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Fan Gang , Chen Meng-Jie , Wei Jin
Published: December 2019

Objective

To study the role of autophagy in angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy in C57BL/6 mice.

Methods

We randomly assigned 10 C57BL/6 mice into the control and angiotensin II (Ang II) groups (n = 5 in each group). Ang II group mice were injected with Ang II (3 mg/kg/day). Cardiac structure, myocardial pathological changes, mitochondrial structure, autophagosomes, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and myocardial apoptosis were examined. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), Parkin, and microtubule-associated protein1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3) II protein expression levels and mRNA expression of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were examined.

Results

The heart weight/body weight ratio, posterior wall of the left ventricle, myocardial apoptosis (%), relative number of autophagosomes, ANP and BNP mRNA levels, and PINK1, Parkin, and LC3 II protein levels were significantly higher in the Ang II group than in the control group. The MMP and left ventricular ejection fraction were significantly lower in the Ang II group than in the control group. There was disordered arrangement of cardiomyocytes and mitochondria, and obvious mitochondrial swelling, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and fibrosis in the Ang II group.

Conclusion

PINK1/PARKIN-mediated autophagy is involved in Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy by affecting myocardial apoptosis and mitochondrial function.
Field monitoring on deformation of high rock slope during highway construction: A case study in Wenzhou, China
Authors: Wang Ya-Qiong , Zhang Shao-Bing , Chen Long-Long , Xie Yong-Li , Wang Zhi-Feng
Published: December 2019

In order to study the deformation stability of rock slope during the excavation of cutting slope and ensure the safety of rock slope during construction and operation period, this article analyzed the deformation law of a typical slope excavation by monitoring the surface deformation and the internal displacement of the rock mass. The surface deformation of the slope is monitored by setting monitoring points, and the internal deformation of the slope is monitored by installing multipoint displacement meters and inclinometers. Therefore, the relationship between slope excavation and deformation is obtained. The analysis of monitoring results shows that the slope is stable before excavation, and the displacement of the slope is gradually increased with the slope excavation. After the excavation, the displacement of each slope tends to converge. The maximum displacement in surface monitoring points is 12.30 mm, and the displacement parallels to the direction of the expressway. The maximum vertical displacement in surface monitoring points is 10.60 mm which occurred in the third step; the maximum internal displacement is 11.02 mm which mainly occurs in the weak structural plane of the rock boundary. During the excavation of the weak rock slope, the slope rock mass is prone to large displacement deformation. After the excavation, the slope surface displacement and internal displacement tend to converge in a short time.
On the topology design of large wireless sensor networks for distributed consensus with low power consumption
Authors: Zárraga-Rodríguez Marta , Insausti Xabier , Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez Jesús
Published: December 2019

Sensor-based structural health monitoring systems are commonly used to provide real-time information and detect damage in complex structures. In particular, wireless structural health monitoring systems are of low cost but, since wireless sensors are powered with batteries, a low power consumption is critical. A common approach for wireless structural health monitoring is to use a distributed computation strategy, which is usually based on consensus algorithms. Power consumption in such wireless consensus networks depends on the number of connections of the network. If sensors are randomly connected, there is no control on the power consumption. In this article, we present a novel strategy to connect a large number of wireless sensors for distributed consensus with low power consumption by combining small networks with basic topologies using the Kronecker product.
Retinal pigment epithelium degeneration caused by aggregation of PRPF31 and the role of HSP70 family of proteins
Authors: Valdés-Sánchez Lourdes , Calado Sofia M. , de la Cerda Berta , Aramburu Ana , García-Delgado Ana Belén , Massalini Simone , Montero-Sánchez Adoración , Bhatia Vaibhav , Rodríguez-Bocanegra Eduardo , Diez-Lloret Andrea , Rodríguez-Martínez Daniel , Chakarova Christina , Bhattacharya Shom S. , Díaz-Corrales Francisco J.
Published: December 2019

Background

Mutations in pre-mRNA splicing factorPRPF31can lead to retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Although the exact disease mechanism remains unknown, it has been hypothesized that haploinsufficiency might be involved in the pathophysiology of the disease.

Methods

In this study, we have analyzed a mouse model containing the p.A216P mutation inPrpf31gene.

Results

We found that mutant Prpf31 protein produces cytoplasmic aggregates in the retinal pigment epithelium and decreasing the protein levels of this splicing factor in the nucleus. Additionally, normal protein was recruited in insoluble aggregates when the mutant protein was overexpressed in vitro. In response to protein aggregation,Hspa4lis overexpressed. This member of the HSP70 family of chaperones might contribute to the correct folding and solubilization of the mutant protein, allowing its translocation to the nucleus.

Conclusions

Our data suggests that a mechanism haploinsufficiency and dominant-negative is involved in retinal degeneration due to mutations inPRPF31.HSP70 over-expression might be a new therapeutic target for the treatment of retinal degeneration due toPRPF31mutations.
Role of 5-HT7 receptors in the immune system in health and disease
Authors: Quintero-Villegas Alejandro , Valdés-Ferrer Sergio Iván
Published: December 2019

In mammalians, serotonin (5-HT) has critical roles in the central nervous system (CNS), including mood stability, pain tolerance, or sleep patterns. However, the vast majority of serotonin is produced by intestinal enterochromaffin cells of the gastrointestinal tract and circulating blood platelets, also acting outside of the CNS. Serotonin effects are mediated through its interaction with 5-HT receptors (5-HTRs), a superfamily with a repertoire of at least fourteen well-characterized members. 5-HT7receptors are the last 5-HTR member to be identified, with well-defined functions in the nervous, gastrointestinal, and vascular systems. The effects of serotonin on the immune response are less well understood. Mast cells are known to produce serotonin, while T cells, dendritic cells, monocytes, macrophages and microglia express 5-HT7receptor. Here, we review the known roles of 5-HT7receptors in the immune system, as well as their potential therapeutic implication in inflammatory and immune-mediated disorders.
Correction to: Comparative transcriptomics reveals PrrABmediated control of metabolic, respiration, energy-generating, and dormancy pathways in Mycobacterium smegmatis
Authors: Maarsingh Jason D. , Yang Shanshan , Park Jin G. , Haydel Shelley E.
Published: December 2019

Following the publication of the original article [1], the authors reported an error in Fig. 2 of the PDF version of their article.
Tumor burden and location as prognostic factors in patients treated by iodine seed implant brachytherapy for localized prostate cancers
Authors: Meynard Claire , Huertas Andres , Dariane Charles , Toublanc Sandra , Dubourg Quentin , Urien Saik , Timsit Marc-Olivier , Méjean Arnaud , Thiounn Nicolas , Giraud Philippe
Published: December 2019

Background

Iodine seed implant brachytherapy is indicated for low risk and selected favorable intermediate risk prostate cancers. A percentage of positive biopsies > 50% is usually considered as a contra-indication, and the tumor location could also influence the treatment efficacy. We studied the association of the percentage of positive biopsy cores, and tumor location, with progression-free survival.

Methods

Among the 382 patients treated at our center by permanent implant iodine seed brachytherapy for a localized prostate cancer between 2006 and 2013, 282 had accessible detailed pathology reports, a minimum follow-up of 6 months, and were included. Progression was defined as a biochemical, local, nodal, or distant metastatic relapse. We studied cancer location on biopsies (base, midgland or apex of the prostate) and percentage of positive biopsy cores, as well as potential confounders (pre-treatment PSA, tumor stage, Gleason score, risk group according to D’Amico’s classification modified by Zumsteg, adjunction of androgen deprivation therapy, and dosimetric data).

Results

Most patients (197; 69.9%) had a low risk, 67 (23.8%) a favorable intermediate risk, 16 (5.7%) an unfavorable intermediate risk, and 1 (0.3%) a high-risk prostate cancer. An involvement of the apex was found for 131 patients (46,5%), of the midgland for 149 (52,8%), and of the base for 145 (51,4%). The median percentage of positive biopsy cores was 17% [3–75%]. The median follow-up was 64 months [12–140]. Twenty patients (7%) progressed: 4 progressions (20%) were biochemical only, 7 (35%) were prostatic or seminal, 6 (30%) were nodal, and 3 (15%) were metastatic. The median time to failure was 39.5 months [9–108]. There were more Gleason scores ≥7 among patients who progressed (40% vs 19%; p = 0.042). None of the studied covariates (including tumor location, and percentage of positive biopsy cores), were significantly associated with progression-free survival. The risk group showed a trend towards an association (p = 0.055).

Conclusions

Brachytherapy is an efficient treatment (5-year control rate of 93%) for patients carefully selected with classical criteria. The percentage and location of positive biopsies were not significantly associated with progression-free survival. A Gleason score ≥ 7 was more frequent in case of progression.
Therapeutic effect of whole brain radiotherapy on advanced NSCLC between EGFR TKI-naïve and TKI-resistant
Authors: Zhao Lihao , Cai Xiaona , Chen Didi , Ye Xuxue , Gao Mengdan , Lu Lihuai , Su Huafang , Su Meng , Hou Meng , Xie Congying
Published: December 2019

Background

The development of epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) has dramatically improved the prognosis of patients with EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical outcome with or without EGFR-TKI resistance before WBRT and the sequence between EGFT-TKIs and whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) of EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients who developed multiple brain metastases (BMs).

Patients and methods

Three hundred forty-four EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients with multiple BMs were reviewed. Enrolled patients were divided into TKI-naïve group and TKI-resistant group. The intracranial progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed via the Kaplan-Meier method.

Results

For patients with multiple BMs treated by WBRT, the median intracranial PFS and OS were longer in the TKI-naïve group than those in the TKI-resistant group, but there were no statistically significant between two groups (Intracranial PFS: 7.7 vs. 5.4 months, p = 0.052; OS: 11.2 vs. 9.2 months, p = 0.106). For patients with Lung-molGPA 0–2, no significant differences in median intracranial PFS (6.2 vs. 5.2 months, p = 0.123) and OS (7.8 vs. 6.7 months, p = 0.514) between TKI-naïve and TKI-resistant groups. For patients with Lung-molGPA 2.5–4, intracranial PFS: 12.8 vs. 10.1 months; OS: 23.3 vs. 15.3 months.

Conclusions

Our study found that there were no difference in intracranial PFS and OS in all patients between the two groups of TKI-naïve and TKI-resistant. But for patients in subgroup of Lung-molGPA 2.5–4, there were a better intracranial PFS and OS in TKI-naïve group.
From civilian service to military service: what led policy-makers to remove nursing care from field units of the Israeli defense force (IDF) and return it later?
Authors: Segev Ronen
Published: December 2019

Background

From the very onset, Israeli military nurses served in supporting positions on the front lines, shoulder to shoulder with men. When the IDF was established in 1948, nurses were sent to serve near areas of conflict and were not included in compulsory military service in field units. Once the military hospitals were closed in 1949, nursing in the Medical Corps lost a clear military purpose, and its main contribution was in the civilian arena. From 1949 until 2000, most recruited military nurses operated their mandatory service mainly in a civilian framework according to the integration agreement between the ministry of defense to the ministry of health. Between 2000 to 2018, military nurses served at home front military clinics and in headquarters jobs at the Medicine Corps. In2018, the Medical Corps decided to integrate military nurses into the Israeli military service in order to cope with the shortage of military physicians, among other things, and ensure appropriate availability of medical and health services for military units.. This study examines, for the first time, the considerations that led to the closure of military hospitals and the transfer of the military service of nurses in the IDF to the Ministry of Health in 1949 and the decision in 2018 to return the military nurses to the field’s military battalions.

Methods

The study was based on an analysis of documents from the IDF archives, the Israeli parliament archive, the David Ben-Gurion archive, articles from periodical newspapers, and interviews with nurses and partners in the Israeli Medical Corps.

Results

During almost 70 years, Israeli military nursing’s main contribution was to the civilian hospitals. The return of nursing care to the IDF field units in recent years intended to supplement the medicine corps demands in field units by placing qualified academic nurses.

Conclusions

The removal of nursing care from the IDF field units was provided as a response to the needs of the health demands of the emerging state. Until 2018 there was no significant need for military nurses except in emergency time. This is in contrast to other military nursing units.
Correction to: In vivo and in silico evaluation of analgesic activity of Lippia alba
Authors: Aziz Md. Abdullah , Mehedi Manna , Akter Mst. Irin , Sajon Sadiur Rahman , Mazumder Kishor , Rana Md. Sohel
Published: December 2019

In the original publication of this article [1], two authors' names are not complete.
Infrared stripe correction algorithm based on wavelet decomposition and total variation-guided filtering
Authors: Wang Ende , Jiang Ping , Li Xuepeng , Cao Hui
Published: December 2019

Stripe non-uniformity severely affects the quality of infrared images. It is challenging to remove stripe noise in low-texture images without blurring the details. We propose a single-frame image stripe correction algorithm that removes infrared noise while preserving image details. Firstly, wavelet transform is used for multi-scale analysis of the image. At the same time, Total variation model is used for small window to smooth the original image. The small-scale total variation model can well preserve the edge information of the image, but it will leave stripe noise. Therefore, according to the prior knowledge of the vertical component of the stripe noise, the spatial filtering is finally performed: the smoothed image is used as the guide image for the stripe noise denoising. It is possible to prevent the lead filter from mistaking the strong stripe noise as edge detail, resulting in corrected image residual streak noise. The algorithm is systematically evaluated by experiments on simulated images and original infrared images, as well as compared with the current advanced infrared stripe non-uniformity correction algorithms. It is proved that our algorithm can better eliminate stripe noise and preserve edge details.
Purification and characterization of fat body lipase from the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors: Mahdy Rahma R. Z. , Mo’men Shaimaa A. , Abd El-Bar Marah M. , Barakat Emad M. S.
Published: December 2019

Background

Insect lipid mobilization and transport are currently under research, especially lipases and lipophorin because of their roles in the production of energy and lipid transport at a flying activity. The present study has been conducted to purify intracellular fat body lipase for the first time, from the last larval instar ofGalleria mellonella.

Results

Purification methods by combination of ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2SO4] precipitation and gel filtration using Sephadex G-100 demonstrated that the amount of protein and the specific activity of fat body lipase were 0.008633 ± 0.000551 mg/ml and 1.5754 ± 0.1042 μmol/min/mg protein, respectively, with a 98.9 fold purity and recovery of 50.81%. Hence, the sephadex G-100 step was more effective in the purification process. SDS-PAGE and zymogram revealed that fat body lipase showed two monomers with molecular weights of 178.8 and 62.6 kDa. Furthermore, biochemical characterization of fat body lipase was carried out through testing its activities against several factors, such as different temperatures, pH ranges, metal ions, and inhibitors ending by determination of their kinetic parameters with the use of p-nitrophenyl butyrate (PNPB) as a substrate. The highest activities of enzyme were determined at the temperature ranges of 35–37 °C and 37–40 °C and pH ranges of 7–9 and 7–10. The partially purified enzyme showed significant stimulation by Ca2+, K+, and Na+metal ions indicating that fat body lipase is metalloproteinase. Lipase activity was strongly inhibited by some inhibitors; phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), ethylene-diaminetetractic acid (EDTA), and ethylene glycoltetraacetic acid (EGTA) providing evidence of the presence of serine residue and activation of enzymes by metal ions. Kinetic parameters were 0.316 Umg− 1Vmaxand 301.95 mM Km.

Conclusion

Considering the purification of fat body lipase from larvae and the usage of some inhibitors especially ion chelating agents, it is suggested to develop a successful control ofGalleria mellonellain near future by using lipase inhibitors.
Biomechanical function of the anterolateral ligament of the knee: a systematic review
Authors: Lee Jin Kyu , Seo Young Jin , Jeong Soo-Young , Yang Jae-Hyuk
Published: December 2019

Background

It has been suggested that the anterolateral ligament (ALL) is an important anterolateral stabilizer of the knee joint which functions to prevent anterolateral subluxation and anterior subluxation at certain flexion angles in the knee.

Purpose

To analyze and systematically interpret the biomechanical function of the ALL.

Methods

An online search was conducted for human cadaveric biomechanical studies that tested function of the ALL in resisting anterolateral subluxation and anterior subluxation of the knee. Two reviewers independently searched Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for studies up to 25 September 2018. Biomechanical studies not reporting the magnitude of anterior tibial translation or tibial internal rotation in relation to the function of the ALL were excluded.

Results

Twelve biomechanical studies using human cadavers evaluating parameters including anterior tibial translation and/or internal tibial rotation in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-sectioned and ALL-sectioned knees were included in the review. Five studies reported a minor increase or no significant increase in anterior tibial translation and internal tibial rotation with further sectioning of the ALL in ACL-deficient knees. Five studies reported a significant increase in knee laxity in tibial internal rotation or pivot shift with addition of sectioning the ALL in ACL-deficient knees. Two studies reported a significant increase in both anterior tibial translation and internal tibial rotation during application of the anterior-drawer and pivot-shift tests after ALL sectioning.

Conclusion

There was inconsistency in the biomechanical characteristics of the ALL of the knee in resisting anterolateral and anterior subluxation of the tibia.
Return to Sport Tests’ Prognostic Value for Reinjury Risk after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review
Authors: ASHIGBI EVANS YAYRA KWAKU , BANZER WINFRIED , NIEDERER DANIEL
Published: December 2019

Introduction

Return to sports (RTS) clearance after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction typically includes multiple assessments. The ability of these tests to assess the risk of a reinjury remains unknown.

Purpose

To assess and rate RTS self-reported function and functional tests on prognostic value for reinjury risk after ACL reconstruction and RTS. Study Design: Systematic review on level 2 studies.

Methods

PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases were searched for articles published before March 2018. Original articles in English or German that examined reinjury risks/rates after primary (index) ACL injury, ACL reconstruction, and RTS were included. All RTS functional tests used in the included studies were analyzed by retrieving an effect size with predictive value (odds ratio, relative risk (risk ratio), positive predictive value, positive likelihood ratio, or hazard rate).

Results

A total of 276 potential studies were found; eight studies (moderate to high quality) on 6140 patients were included in the final analysis. The reinjury incidence recorded in the included studies ranged from 1.5% to 37.5%. Four studies reported a combination of isokinetic quadriceps strength at different velocities and a number of hop tests as predictive with various effect sizes. One reported isokinetic hamstring to quadriceps ratio (hazard rate = 10.6) as predictive. Two studies reported functional questionnaires (knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score and Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia-11; RR = 3.7–13) and one study showed that kinetic and kinematic measures during drop vertical jumps were predictive (odds ratio, 2.3–8.4) for reinjury and/or future revision surgery.

Conclusions

Based on level 2 evidence, passing a combination of functional tests with predetermined cutoff points used as RTS criteria is associated with reduced reinjury rates. A combination of isokinetic strength and hop tests is recommended during RTS testing.
Predictors of the Acute Postprandial Response to Breaking Up Prolonged Sitting
Authors: HENSON JOSEPH , EDWARDSON CHARLOTTE L. , CELIS-MORALES CARLOS A. , DAVIES MELANIE J. , DUNSTAN DAVID W. , ESLIGER DALE W. , GILL JASON M. R. , KAZI AADIL , KHUNTI KAMLESH , KING JAMES , MCCARTHY MATTHEW , SATTAR NAVEED , STENSEL DAVID J. , VELAYUDHAN LATHA , ZACCARDI FRANCESCO , YATES THOMAS
Published: December 2019

Purpose

To identify predictors of favorable changes to postprandial insulin and glucose levels in response to interrupting prolonged sitting time with standing or light-intensity physical activity.

Methods

Data were combined from four similarly designed randomized acute cross-over trials (n = 129; body mass index [BMI] range, 19.6–44.6 kg·m−2; South Asian = 31.0%; dysglycemia = 27.1%). Treatments included: prolonged sitting (6.5 h) or prolonged sitting broken-up with either standing or light-intensity physical activity (5 min every 30 min). Time-averaged postprandial responses for insulin and glucose were calculated for each treatment (mean ± 95% confidence interval). Mutually adjusted interaction terms were used to examine whether anthropometric (BMI), demographic (age, sex, ethnicity [white European vs South Asian]) and a cardiometabolic variable (Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance)-modified responses.

Results

Postprandial insulin and glucose were reduced when individuals interrupted prolonged sitting with bouts of light physical activity, but not with standing. Reductions in time-averaged postprandial insulin were more pronounced if individuals were South Asian compared with white European (−18.9 mU·L−1 [−23.5%] vs −8.2 mU·L−1 [−9.3%]), female compared with male (−15.0 mU·L−1 [−21.2%] vs −12.1 mU·L−1 [−17.6%]) or had a BMI ≥27.2 kg·m−2 (−20.9 mU·L−1 [−22.9%] vs −8.7 mU·L−1 [−18.2%]). Similarly, being female (−0.4 mmol·L−1 [−0.6 mmol·L−1, −0.2 mmol·L−1], −6.8% vs –0.1 mmol·L−1 [−0.3 mmol·L−1, 1 mmol·L−1], −1.7%) or having a BMI ≥27.2 kg·m−2 (−0.4 mmol·L−1 [−0.6 mmol·L−1, −0.2 mmol·L−1], −6.7% vs –0.2 mmol·L−1 [−0.4 mmol·L−1, 0.0 mmol·L−1], −3.4%) modified the postprandial glucose response. No significant interactions were found for Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance or age.

Conclusions

Being female, South Asian, or having a higher BMI, all predicted greater reductions in postprandial insulin, whereas being female and having a higher BMI predicted greater reductions in postprandial glucose when sitting was interrupted with light physical activity. These results could help to guide personalized interventions in high-risk participants for whom breaking prolonged sitting time with light activity may yield the greatest therapeutic potential.
Relationship of Knee Forces to Subjective Function Pre- and Post-ACL Reconstruction
Authors: SMALE KENNETH B. , CONCONI MICHELE , SANCISI NICOLA , ALKJAER TINE , KROGSGAARD MICHAEL R. , PARENTI-CASTELLI VINCENZO , BENOIT DANIEL L.
Published: December 2019

Purpose

Although basic objective measures (e.g., knee laxity, strength, and hop tests) have been related to subjective measures of function, associations between knee-specific objective and subjective measures have yet to be completed. The objective was to determine if knee joint contact and ligament forces differ between pre– and post–anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructed states and if these forces relate to their patient’s respective subjective functional ability scores.

Methods

Twelve patients performed a hopping task before and after reconstruction. Magnetic resonance images and OpenSim were used to develop patient-specific models in static optimization and joint reaction analyses. Questionnaires concerning each patient’s subjective functional ability were also collected and correlated with knee joint contact and ligament forces.

Results

No significant differences were observed between deficient and reconstructed groups with respect to knee joint contact or ligament forces. Nevertheless, there were several significant (P < 0.05) moderate to strong correlations between subjective and objective measures including Tegner activity level to contact force in both states (r = 0.67–0.76) and International Knee Documentation Committee to compressive and anterior shear forces (r = 0.64–0.66).

Conclusion

Knee-specific objective measures of a patient’s functional capacity can represent their subjective ability, which explains this relationship to a greater extent than past anatomical and gross objective measures of function. This consolidation is imperative for improving the current rehabilitation schema as it allows for external validation of objective and subjective functional measures. With poor validation of subjective function against objective measures of function, the reinjury rate is unlikely to diminish, continuing the heavy financial burden on health care systems.
Modeling in OpenSCAD: examples
Authors: Bashkatov Alexander
Published: December 2019

The tutorial is an introductory course to the study of the basics of geometric modeling for 3D printing using the programming language OpenSCAD and is built on the basis of descriptions of instructions for creating primitives, determining their properties, carrying out transformations and other service operations. It contains a large number of examples with detailed comments and description of the performed actions, which allows you to get basic skills in creating three-dimensional and flat models, exporting and importing graphical data.
Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation.
It can be useful for computer science teachers, students, students and anyone who is interested in three-dimensional modeling and preparation of products for 3D printing.
Hermès Dionysophore
Authors: Bonnefoy Alexis , Feugère Michel
Published: December 2019

The ‘Lormier bronze’, named after its earliest known owner, is an exceptional statuette made of copper alloy. It is remarkable, both by its subject and its style, of very fine quality; but also by its state of conservation, namely its gilding, which allows us to contemplate, for once, such a statuette close to its original aspect. The iconography, rather rare in the field of small bronze figurines, clearly derives from the large statuary and illustrates a little-known episode of the Graeco-Roman mythology. Through the diverse possible models and their repercussion in the ‘minor arts’, the article allows to place this work in the Graeco-Roman production by following, in its main lines, the long way going from the original work to the series crafts, sometimes, as here, of high quality.
From Democracy to Oligarchy – the Role of the Civic Elite Within the Community in Roman Delphi
Authors: Grzesik Dominika
Published: December 2019

Oligarchization was a widespread phenomenon that had similar features throughout the Greek world. The differences and variants, however, should not be overlooked. My goal is to present the Delphic version of oligarchization — a task that has not been undertaken so far. The article aims to present how the leading families of Delphi accumulated power and how they operated within a wider Roman world-system. I use the epigraphical and literary sources to assess the degree to which the illustrious families of Delphi entered the wider provincial and imperial elite, and indicate whether careers were of a more local nature. I conclude the paper by analyzing the relationship between the city and its elite and focus on the benefactions recorded in the epigraphic material.
2020: International year of the nurse and midwife
Authors: Peate Ian
Published: December 2019

2020 will be a great year to champion nursing and midwifery, as it is both the bicentenary of Florence Nightingale's birth and The Year of the Nurse and the Midwife, Ian Peate explains
Chickenpox: Presentation, transmission, complications and prevention
Authors: Duncan Deborah Louise
Published: December 2019

Varicella, commonly known as chickenpox is an acute and highly infectious disease, which is caused by the varicella zoster virus Varicella. The two chickenpox vaccines available in the UK are Varilrix and Varivax but are not included in the routine childhood vaccination scheme unless they are immunocompromised ( Gov.uk, 2018 ; PHE, 2019 ). The varicella vaccination has been associated with a dramatic reduction in chickenpox cases in countries such as the United States, where every child can be vaccinated ( Seward et al, 2002 ). Johnston et al (1997) ; however, suggest that approximately 2–3% of patients vaccinated per year can develop a mild form of chickenpox regardless of the vaccine given. The Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (2010) has not recommended it as part of the national immunisation programme but nearly a decade later perhaps it is time to revisit this topic.
Exposure to sexual harm is now a ‘normal part’ of life
Authors: Henshaw Pete
Published: December 2019

Children and young people are coming to accept that exposure to online sexual harm and receiving and being asked for explicit images is now a part of everyday life. Pete Henshaw takes a look at the latest report from the Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse.
Managing angry outbursts in primary school-aged children
Authors: Thornton Stephanie
Published: December 2019

While there is little research and advice available on managing angry outbursts in primary school-aged children, Stephanie Thornton looks at some steps to help manage these when they occur in the classroom.
Antibacterial Activity of Pseudoelephantopus spicatus (Juss) Rohr Extracts from the West Sub-catchment of Mt. Isarog Natural Park
Authors: Quiming Noel , Minor Maribie Reyes , Nicolas Marioue , Verzosa Dhennis , Alvarez Michael Russelle
Published: December 2019

The antibacterial activity of Pseudelephantopus spicatus (Juss) Rohr from the West sub-catchments of Mt. Isarog, Panicuason, Naga City Philippines were investigated. Samples of the plant were collected from wet (PSW-W) and dry (PSW-D) seasons. Ethanolic crude extracts obtained from air-dried leaves of PSW-W and PSW-D samples exhibited antibacterial activity against two Gram-positive bacteria (Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus aureus) and two Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Enterobacter aerogenes). Assay-guided purification using normal-phase column chromatography and subsequently preparative TLC yielded several active fractions that are bioactive – PSW-D-F-9 and PSW-W-D-13). Phytochemical screening by TLC revealed that the active fraction PSW-W-D-13 contains alkaloids, higher alcohols, phenols, steroids and essential oils while the active fraction PSW-D-F-9 contains tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, higher alcohols, phenols, steroids and essential oils.
The Superiority of Supercritical Fluid Extraction Over Steam Distillation and Solvent Extraction Methods for the Extraction of Aroma from Salacca Zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss
Authors: Nur Nadhirah H. M , Zaiton M. S Siti , Jamshed M. S , Zaidul I. S. M , Mokhlesur M. R , Juahir Hafizan , Tengku M. A , Wan Nik W. B , Nurul Islam M. S
Published: December 2019

Salacca zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss or snake fruit is a species of palm tree native to Southwest Java and North Sumatra in Indonesia. It is known as one of the exotic fruits in Malaysia. It has a pleasant pineapple, pear and banana-like aromas. Due to its pleasant aroma, Salacca zalacca has potential in the perfumery and pharmaceutical industries. New extraction techniques were introduced in this study to overcome conventional methods limitations such as supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). This technique is available to extract aroma of plants and it is rapidly gaining attention due to its superior benefits over the conventional extraction methods. In this study, the volatile aroma of Salacca zalacca was extracted by steam distillation, solvents extraction with hexane, diethyl ether and dichloromethane (DCM) and SFE. Carbon dioxide was the supercritical fluid for the SFE. The efficiency and percentage yield of these extracts were compared. The percentage yields of SFE extracts were higher (10 MPa, 30 °C: 0.2577 %; 25 MPa, 30 °C: 0.2375 %; 30 MPa, 30 °C: 0.2721 %) than the steam distillation (0.1855 %), diethyl ether (0.5692 %), hexane (0.0511 %) and DCM (0.1358 %) solvent extracts. However, SFE produced a lower yield (40 MPa, 70 °C: 0.2721 %) than the diethyl ether solvent extraction (0.5692 %) but SFE was found to be more efficient and environmentally friendly.
The fate of Baker’s cysts at mid-term follow-up after total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Hommel Hagen , Becker Roland , Fennema Peter , Kopf Sebastian
Published: December 2019

Aims

We report the natural course of Baker’s cysts following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) at short- and mid-term follow-up.

Methods

In this prospective case series, 105 TKA patients were included. All patients who received surgery had a diagnosis of primary osteoarthritis and had preoperatively presented with a Baker’s cyst. Sonography and MRI were performed to evaluate the existence and the gross size of the cyst before TKA, and sonography was repeated at a mean follow-up time of 1.0 years (0.8 to 1.3; short-term) and 4.9 years (4.0 to 5.6; mid-term) after TKA. Symptoms potentially attributable to the Baker’s cyst were recorded at each assessment.

Results

At the one-year follow-up analysis, 102 patients were available. Of those, 91 patients were available for the 4.9-year assessment (with an 86.7% follow-up rate (91/105)). At the short- and mid-term follow-up, a Baker’s cyst was still present in 87 (85.3%) and 30 (33.0%) patients, respectively. Of those patients who retained a Baker’s cyst at the short-term follow-up, 31 patients (35.6%) had popliteal symptoms. Of those patients who continued to have a Baker’s cyst at the mid-term follow-up, 17 patients (56.7%) were still symptomatic. The mean preoperative cyst size was 14.5 cm2 (13.1 to 15.8). At the short- and mid-term follow-up, the mean cyst size was 9.7 cm2 (8.3 to 11.0) and 10.4 cm2 (9.8 to 11.4), respectively. A significant association was found between the size of the cyst at peroperatively and the probability of resolution, with lesions smaller than the median having an 83.7% (36/43) probability of resolution, and larger lesions having a 52.1% (25/48) probability of resolution (p < 0.001). At the mid-term follow-up, no association between cyst size and popliteal symptoms was found.

Conclusion

At a mean follow-up of 4.9 years (4.0 to 5.6) after TKA, the majority (67.0%, 61/91) of the Baker’s cysts that were present preoperatively had disappeared. The probability of cyst resolution was dependent on the size of the Baker’s cyst at baseline, with an 83.7% (36/43) probability of resolution for smaller cysts and 52.1% (25/48) probability for larger cysts. Cite this article: Bone Joint J. 2020;102-B(1):132–136
The development of a novel patient-derived recovery scale for open tibial fractures
Authors: Trickett Ryan W. , Mudge Elizabeth , Price Patricia , Pallister Ian
Published: December 2019

Aims

The aim of this study was to develop a psychometrically sound measure of recovery for use in patients who have suffered an open tibial fracture.

Methods

An initial pool of 109 items was generated from previous qualitative data relating to recovery following an open tibial fracture. These items were field tested in a cohort of patients recovering from an open tibial fracture. They were asked to comment on the content of the items and structure of the scale. Reduction in the number of items led to a refined scale tested in a larger cohort of patients. Principal components analysis permitted further reduction and the development of a definitive scale. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and responsiveness were assessed for the retained items.

Results

The initial scale was completed by 35 patients who were recovering from an open tibial fracture. Subjective and objective analysis permitted removal of poorly performing items and the addition of items suggested by patients. The refined scale consisted of 50 Likert scaled items and eight additional items. It was completed on 228 occasions by a different cohort of 204 patients with an open tibial fracture recruited from several UK orthoplastic tertiary referral centres. There were eight underlying components with tangible real-life meaning, which were retained as sub-scales represented by ten Likert scaled and eight non-Likert items. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were good to excellent.

Conclusion

The Wales Lower Limb Trauma Recovery (WaLLTR) Scale is the first tool to be developed from patient data with the potential to assess recovery following an open tibial fracture. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(1):17–25
Mid-term survivorship and patient-reported outcomes of robotic-arm assisted partial knee arthroplasty
Authors: Burger Joost A. , Kleeblad Laura J. , Laas Niels , Pearle Andrew D.
Published: December 2019

Aims

Limited evidence is available on mid-term outcomes of robotic-arm assisted (RA) partial knee arthroplasty (PKA). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate mid-term survivorship, modes of failure, and patient-reported outcomes of RA PKA.

Methods

A retrospective review of patients who underwent RA PKA between June 2007 and August 2016 was performed. Patients received a fixed-bearing medial or lateral unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA), patellofemoral arthroplasty (PFA), or bicompartmental knee arthroplasty (BiKA; PFA plus medial UKA). All patients completed a questionnaire regarding revision surgery, reoperations, and level of satisfaction. Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Scores (KOOS) were assessed using the KOOS for Joint Replacement Junior survey.

Results

Mean follow-up was 4.7 years (2.0 to 10.8). Five-year survivorship of medial UKA (n = 802), lateral UKA (n = 171), and PFA/BiKA (n = 35/10) was 97.8%, 97.7%, and 93.3%, respectively. Component loosening and progression of osteoarthritis (OA) were the most common reasons for revision. Mean KOOS scores after medial UKA, lateral UKA, and PFA/BiKA were 84.3 (SD 15.9), 85.6 (SD 14.3), and 78.2 (SD 14.2), respectively. The vast majority of the patients reported high satisfaction levels after RA PKA. Subgroup analyses suggested tibial component design, body mass index (BMI), and age affects RA PKA outcomes. Five-year survivorship was 98.4% (95% confidence interval (CI) 97.2 to 99.5) for onlay medial UKA (n = 742) and 99.1% (95% CI 97.9 to 100) for onlay medial UKA in patients with a BMI < 30 kg/m2 (n = 479).

Conclusion

This large single-surgeon study showed high mid-term survivorship, satisfaction levels, and functional outcomes in RA UKA using metal-backed tibial onlay components. In addition, favourable results were reported in RA PFA and BiKA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(1):108–116