bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Güçlü Bir Tetikleyici mi Tökezleten Bir Engel mi: Klasik Tasavvufta Anne İmgeleri ve Rolleri
Authors: Qudsi Arin Shawkat Salamah
Published: December 2021

Tasavvuf kaynaklarında anne-çocuk ilişkisi hakkında az sayıda detay verilmiş olsa da hem kendisi sûfî olanlar hem de yalnızca tanınmış sûfîlerin annesi olarak bilinenler, sıklıkla annelik kavramıyla uyumlu “geleneksel”1 imgelerin ötesinde davranmış- tır. Anneler her zaman çocukları için etkili, güçlü bir tetikleyici olmamış hatta bazen tabakat yazarlarının da bahsettiği “anne hakkı”nın (hakku’l-vâlide) kendilerine sağladığı imkânın ve anneye saygı ilkesinin avantajını kullanarak, oğullarının rahatça seyahat etmesini engellemişlerdir. Tasavvuf dünyasında dayılar, destekleyici anne idealine, annelerden daha etkili bir katkı sunmuş gibi görünmektedir. Bu makale, 2009 -2010 yıllarında Profesör Binyamin Abrahamov’un danışmanlığında, Bar Ilan Üniversitesi’nde (İsrail) “Evrensel Tektanrıcılık Dangoor Programı” (The Dangoor Program of Universal Monotheism) tarafından destek alarak [hazırladığım] doktora sonrası araştırma çalışmamın bir parçası olarak yazılmıştır. Başlıktaki “klasik” kelimesi, Fritz Meier’in tasavvufu üç ana aşamaya ayıran sınıflandırmasına atıfta bulunur: pre-klasik tasavvuf (II. /VIII. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından III. /IX. yüzyılın başına kadar), III. /IX. yüzyıldan V./XI. yüzyıla kadar uzanan klasik tasavvuf ve yaklaşık V./XI. yüzyılın son- larından itibaren süregelen post-klasik tasavvuf. Klasik dönemle birlikte, tasavvuf “homojenlik içinde kazanılmış bir bütün olarak” “ruhani bilimlerin2 neredeyse tam bir kümesi” haline gelmiştir [F. Meier, “The Mystic Path”, The World of Islam: Faith, People, Culture, ed. Bernard Lewis (Londra: Thames & Hudson, 1976), 118]. Dahası post- klasik tasavvuf, temel olarak vizyoner ve okült deneyimlerin yüksek değerleri, insandaki ilâhi kıvılcım teorisi (the theory of a divine spark in man) ve dünyanın Tanrı’dan sudûruna ilişkin Gnostik kavramı ile ayırt edilir. Post-klasik dönem boyunca, tasavvuf daha erken dönemlerdeki marjinalliğinin tersine geniş bir popülerlik kazanmayı başarmıştır (bk. Meier, “The Mystic Path”, 120). Terminolojinin bu kullanımı, modern bilim tarafından yapılan diğer tespitlerden biraz farklıdır. [bk. Tonaga Yasushi, “Sufism in the Past and Present”, Annals of Japan Association of Middle East Studies, 21 (2006), 12-13]. Meier'in sınıflandırmasına göre, klasik ve erken post-klasik dönemlerindeki tasavvuf, bu makalenin ilgilendiği temel alandır.
دراسة تصنيفية لبعض الأنواع من فصيلة Libellulidae (رتبة الرعاشات Odonat- تحت رتبةAnisoptera) بمنطقة المرج- ليبيا
Authors: زايد يوسف موسى , الطيب الطيب نوح
Published: December 2021

استهدفت الدراسة التعرف علي  بعض انواع حشرات رتبة  Odonata  في منطقة المرج بالجبل الاخضر،  حيث جمعت العينات من فصيلة Libellulidae من رتيبة  Anisoptera من أثني عشر موقعاً خلال الفترة  من شهر يناير2018 إلى ديسمبر2019 ، وقد بينت الدراسة تسجيل أربعة أنواع من هذه الفصيلة  Crocothemis erythraea (Brulle,1832)  و Orthetrum anceps (Schneider, 1845) و(Selys,1840) Sympetrum fonscolombii وTrithemis arteriosa (Burmeister,1839) متوطنة بمنطقة الدراسة، والتي أعتمد تعريفها على صفات الشكل الخارجي للبالغات.
Bacterial Causes and their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing among Urinary Tract Infection Patients in Tobruk Area, Libya
Authors: Mostafa Mohammed T. , Mustafa Khalid S. , Kumar Brijesh
Published: December 2021

Urinary tract infections are very common among people of all ages, but the disease is more prevalent in women, so proper clinical and laboratory diagnosis, and the right treatment are very important to avoid complications and antimicrobial resistance. This study aimed to determine the bacterial causes and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of UTI patients. Recorded results of 6065 urine sample cultures and their antimicrobial susceptibility tests from the Department of Microbiology in Tobruk Medical Center, Tobruk City, were obtained from September 2016 to December 2018. The data was analyzed and discussed in compare with other studies. The study showed that a UTI is more common in females (78.8%) compared with male patients (21.2%). Gram-negative bacteria accounted for the majority of urinary pathogens (90%), where E. coli alone was (58.4%), klebsiellae (17.4%), Proteus (10.7%), while Pseudomonas species was the least common (3.3%) of the total. While the Gram-positive bacteria S. aureus constituted 9.6% of the total. The study was found statistically significant (P=0.000). The most effective antibiotics against all uropathogens were Imipenem and Amikacin, and less effective antibiotics were Ampicillin and Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. This study concluded that the most common cause of UTI in Tobruk was Escherichia coli and the most effective antibiotics appear to be Imipenem and Amikacin.
On the occurrence of Athyrium nakanoi Makino (Woodsiaceae) in Sikkim Himalaya
Authors: Kholia Bhupendra , Das Piu , Pradhan Subhash
Published: December 2021

A lady fern known from Japan, Taiwan, China and more recently from Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh in India, Athyrium nakanoi Makino is reported here for the first time from Sikkim. It is red listed under near threatened category of IUCN. Recollection of this rare fern from a new locality of Indian Himalaya is significant. A small report on its occurrence, taxonomy, distribution, Phytogeography and conservation is presented here.
Biocontrol of Rice Diseases by Microorganisms
Authors: Kim Jung-Ae , Song Jeong-Sup , Jeong Min-Hye , Park Sook-Young , Kim Yangseon
Published: December 2021

Rice is responsible for the stable crop of 3 billion people worldwide, about half of Asian depends on it, and rice is grown in more than 100 countries. Rice diseases can lead to devastating economic loss by decreasing yield production, disturbing a stable food supply and demand chain. The most commonly used method to control rice disease is chemical control. However, misuse of chemical control can cause environmental pollution, residual toxicity, and the emergence of chemical-resistant pathogens, the deterioration of soil quality, and the destruction of biodiversity. In order to control rice diseases, research on alternative biocontrol is actively pursued including microorganism-oriented biocontrol agents. Microbial agents control plant disease through competition with and antibiotic effects and parasitism against plant pathogens. Microorganisms isolated from the rice rhizosphere are studied comprehensively as biocontrol agents against rice pathogens. Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Trichoderma sp. were reported to control rice diseases, such as blast, sheath blight, bacterial leaf blight, brown spot, and bakanae diseases. Here we reviewed the microorganisms that are studied as biocontrol agents against rice diseases.
Evolution of Plant RNA Viruses and Mechanisms in Overcoming Plant Resistance
Authors: Kim Myung-Hwi , Kwon Sun-Jung , Seo Jang-Kyun
Published: December 2021

Plant RNA viruses are one of the most destructive pathogens that cause a significant loss in crop production worldwide. They have evolved with high genetic diversity and adaptability due to the short replication cycle and high mutation rate during genome replication, which are characteristics of RNA viruses. Plant RNA viruses exist as quasispecies with high genetic diversity; thereby, a rapid population transition with new fitness can occur due to selective pressure resulting from environmental changes. Plant resistance can act as selective pressure and affect the fitness of the virus, which may lead to the emergence of resistance-breaking variants. In this paper, we introduced the evolutionary perspectives of plant RNA viruses and the driving forces in their evolution. Based on this, we discussed the mechanism of the emergence of variant viruses that overcome plant resistance. In addition, strategies for deploying plant resistance to viral diseases and improving resistance durability were discussed.
Effects of Temperature and Humidity on Fungal Occurrence in Dried Red Pepper during Storage
Authors: Kim Sosoo , Baek Seul Gi , Hung Nguyen Bao , Kim Se-Ri , Jang Ja Yeong , Kim Jeomsoon , Lee Theresa
Published: December 2021

Dried red peppers are frequently contaminated with mycotoxins during storage. To determine the effect of storage environments on fungal occurrence and subsequent mycotoxin accumulation in dried red peppers, we monitored red pepper powder and whole fruit samples for fungal occurrence under various temperatures and relative humidity (RH) conditions during 340 days. Fungal occurrences fluctuated in both pepper forms throughout the storage but they were higher in pepper powder than whole one, higher under low temperatures (-20°C, 0°C, or 4°C) than others (10°C, 25°C, or 30°C), and higher under RH 93% than RH 51% and 69% in both peppers. The samples exhibiting high fungal occurrences were associated mainly with dominant species such as Aspergillus sydowii, Penicillium solitum, P. roqueforti, P. polonicum, or P. chrysogenum. Mycotoxigenic species, including A. flavus, A. ochraceus, A. westerdijkiae, A. tubingensis, and P. citrinum, were also detected throughout the samples. Although mycotoxins were not detected in the samples, mycotoxigenic potential of A. flavus, A. ochraceus, and A. westerdijkiae isolates were confirmed. These results show that low temperatures (-20°C, 0°C, or 4°C) and/or high surrounding RH (>93%) are not safe environments for storage of dried red peppers as fungal growth can occur under these conditions.
The lived experience of new graduate nurses successfully completing NCLEX-RN
Authors: Devkota Shravan , Loftin Collette , Jeffreys Holly
Published: December 2021

Background and objective: The NCLEX pass rate is considered the primary indicator of program quality. Much literature exists regarding pre-graduation efforts aimed at aiding students to prepare for the NCLEX-RN exam, while there is little available on post-graduation efforts. This project was conducted to identify the post-graduation experiences of successful NCLEX-RN test takers as they prepared to complete the exam.Methods: This was a qualitative descriptive study utilizing a phenomenological framework to determine the lived experience of new graduates preparing to complete the NCLEX-RN exam.Results: Four main themes were identified as relevant to post graduation experiences including: (a) Finding Motivation, (b) Study Tactics, (c) Taking a Break, and (d) The Testing Experience. Additionally, few of the participants took it for granted that they were going to pass the exam, they reported wishing they had spent more time preparing, and with regard to studying, several described wishing they had started earlier.Conclusions: It will be beneficial for faculty to discuss potential strategies for success to utilize after graduation, including expectations of testing day, setting a realistic timetable to test, overcoming lack of motivation to preparation for the exam, and careful scheduling of coaching and study sessions.
On the seismicity and tectonic activity Of the Bengal basin
Authors: SINGH V. P. , SHANKER D.
Published: December 2021

The tectonic activity of the Bengal basin for years 1850-1988 of seismicity and 16 years (1970-1985) of P-wave first motion data have been studied. The seismicity studies reveal three seismic belts such as Dhubri fault (striking N-S), Calcutta hinge zone (striking NE-SW) and the central region of the Bengal basin (striking NW-SE). Dauki fault is comparatively less seismically active than Dhubri fault. The seismicity of Dhubri fault and Calcutta hinge zone are confined to limited extension. The seismic activity along the central portion of the Bengal basin is extending from the Himalayan region (27°N, 88.5°E) to eastern plate margin (23.8°N,  92°E). .This appears to be a tectonic belt and is associated with the northeast drifting of Indian plate. The focal, mechanism studies reveal thrust faulting showing the stresses to be perpendicular to the proposed belt.
OUTLOOK ON NORTHEAST MONSOON RAINFALL OF TAMIL NADU
Authors: RAJ Y.E.A. , SEN P. N. , JAMADAR S. M.
Published: December 2021

The mean monthly wind vectors at 850, 500 and 150 hPa levels over Thiruvananthapuram (TRV) and Madras (MDS) for August. and September have been subjected to stepwise screening. The objective is to develop a scheme capable of providing an outlook of .northeast monsoon rainfall of Tamil Nu in the beginning of October. A multiple regression scheme of S1K predictors has been identified. The scheme developed from 23•year data performed well when te.ted in an independent five-year period.
Agro-climatic classification in India
Authors: CHOWDHURY A. , DAS H. P. , SINGH S.S.
Published: December 2021

In the present study, principal component analysis has been applied to agroclimatic variables for delineating India into homogeneous agroclimatic zones for kharif crops. The vaTiates chosen were soil moisture, water need of the crops, number of rainy days and radiation. Spatial variability of some of these factors has been discussed. Vector 1 and vector 2 were obtained for each of the three separate sets of the variates and plotted to obtain grid maps. Through a process of successive superimposition of these maps, agro-climatic zones have been obtained.
Estimation of divergent wind from OLR data for use in objective analysis over the Indian region
Authors: KULKARNI P. L. , TALWALKAR D. R. , NAIR S.
Published: December 2021

A scheme is formulated for the use of OLR data in the estimation of vertical velocity; divergence and then the divergent part of the wind over Indian region. In this scheme, ascending motion over cloudy region is estimated from an empirical relation between the cloud top temperature and descending motion over cloud-free region is estimated from the thermodynamic energy equation and both are blended. From this blended vertical velocity field, aivergence, velocity potential and divergent winds at all standard levels from 4 to 8 July 1979 at 00 UTC are computed. These fields are compared with satellite cloud pictures, rainfall etc and they are found to be realistic in depicting the synoptic conditions. Total wind is computed as the sum of the estimated divergent component and rotational component computed from observed wind field. For assessment of the scheme, this total wind field at 850 hPa is used as initial. guess field in univariate optimum interpolation scheme and analyses were made for the period 4 to 8 July 1979. Results show that scheme is able to produce realistic analyses which included divergent part of the wind.
Some characteristic parameters of Gaussian plume model
Authors: ABDELWAHAB M. , ESSA KHALEDS.M. , EMBABY M. , ELSAID SAWSANE.M
Published: December 2021

The Gaussian solution of the diffusion equation for line source is used to have the first four moments of the vertical concentration distribution (centroid, variance, skewness, and kurtosis). The magnitude and position of maximum concentration level were evaluated. Also the plume advection wind speed is estimated. Equations for the ground level concentration were compared with wind tunnel measurements.
Assessment of Smart Home Assistants as an IoT
Authors: Obaid Ahmed J.
Published: December 2021

A smart home personal assistant technology is an intrinsic system, which incorporates many elements such as users, Smart Home Personal Assistants (SPA) devices, cloud, skill provider and other responsive devices. Even though Smart Home Personal Assistants give a robust security and privacy options, the devices face many weaknesses, which make the system vulnerable and can be comprised by adversaries, who can capitalize on limitations to gain access to delicate information and privacy of users. In this research, the aim is to assess how invention and innovation of security and SPA can be harnessed by users to interrelate with the system. Subsequently, this write-up will address both the problems related to the system and attempt to bring in solutions, which makes the technology more adaptable and versatile to all users. Initial studies show that some of the weakness underlying the technology include the open-nature of the voice channel, complexity of the architecture, software implications, and the utility of the technology to less proficient users. As a result, the study anticipates at solving the voice squatting attack, using the SPA intelligent assistant, incorporating a filer to filter the ultrasonic attack and noise as well as trying to assess the efficacy of the elements developed against the voice squatting attacks. The study found out that there is a need to mitigate the attacks on the blockchain technology and Natural Language Processors (NLP) to assure protection of SPA from attacks.
Digital information marketing initiatives
Authors: Hauminlun  , Singh Ch. Ibohal
Published: December 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the digital marketing initiatives taken up by the central universities of northeast India through their library websites to promote the use of their information products and services by their clienteles.Methodology: For the present study, websites of nine central universities of northeast India have been surveyed for evaluation. All features of the websites have been examined. A checklist has been designed for collecting the necessary data. To analyze the results, simple statistical calculations were used.Findings: It is found that the majority of the library websites (66.69%) have a direct link to the parent website, and they provide general information, such as library rules, library team/staff, about library, library staff directory, timing, library notices, news, and events. With regard to language, 77.77% of the websites used both English and Hindi languages. The majority of them also provide information about services such as OPAC, internet access, circulation, membership, current awareness service, reprographic service, anti-plagiarism, library orientation, and newsletter. However, the University Libraries under study are yet to exploit the full potential of the website as the clienteles are lagging behind the effective use of the same. The use of social networking sites by the libraries, as the study shows, is also not much encouraging.Research limitations: The paper is limited to nine central university libraries of northeast India. Researchers in the future can take up other problems associated with private and state-owned universities in this regard.Practical implications: Central universities of northeast India must come forward to improve their library websites featuring other portals and provisions to enhance in marketing their information products and other services in the digital environment to serve the community effectively.
Achieving sustainable development goals at local levels
Authors: Yasmin Sabina , Kamal Muhammad Mustofa
Published: December 2021

Purpose: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of open budget meeting as a means of ensuring public participation in the budget making process at local government bodies in Bangladesh’s Sylhet region, and also compares the extent of public participation among urban local government and rural local government bodies.Methodology: This study followed both quantitative and qualitative approach conducting a social survey. Among 13 Upazilas of Sylhet district in Bangladesh, Kanaighat upazila was selected randomly. The study was conducted at Kanaighat paurashava and Satbak union. Findings: This study reveals that the most of the people participate in open budget meeting with a motive to get some personal benefits. Moreover, a few elected officials prefer not to involve the general public in the OBM, considering public participation as a source of disruption.Research limitations: Sample size is a limitation of this study. Due to Covid-19 situation, a larger sample could not be collected. Additionally, the study covers only one district, out of 64 districts in Bangladesh.Practical implications: This study suggests that the government and local bodies may take appropriate measures to enhance citizen’s capacity as well as access to information regarding budget making process for the purpose of ensuring inclusive and participatory decision making at OBM in Bangladesh’s local government bodies, leading to achieving SDG 16.7 declared by the United Nations. Originality/value: This is an original study conducted in Sylhet district of Bangladesh. The study findings confirm similar findings elsewhere in the world.
What Has Changed in European Concept of Undertaking? From „FENIN“ to „EASY PAY“
Authors: Kalesná Katarína
Published: December 2021

Competition is the main self-regulatory principle of the market in general, internal market included. Competition law has the form of general clauses making its application dependant on the correct interpretation of general concepts. Core competition rules of the Functional Treaty („TFEU“) are addressed to undertakings; undertaking thus belongs to key concepts of competition law. Interpretation of this concept is decisive for the scope of competition rules application. So, the article explores different approaches of the case law to the interpretation of the concept of undertaking based on economic activity.  It compares the FENIN doctrine and the new functional test of separability developed in EASY PAY. It drives attention to the impact of this new test for the evaluation of procurement activities under competition scrutiny.
New EU Enlargement Strategy Towards the Western Balkans and Its Impact on Rule of Law
Authors: Matić Bošković Marina , Kostić Jelena
Published: December 2021

The rule of law is incorporated in the EU Founding Treaties and case-law of the Court of Justice of the EU and was included as a key requirement already in 1993 Copenhagen accession criteria. The EU enlargement is not only territorial increase, but also transposition of EU acquis to third countries. Since 1993, the monitoring mechanism of the rule of law reform in the EU accession countries was enhanced, including two specific negotiation chapters, Chapter 23 – judiciary and fundamental rights and Chapter 24 – justice, freedom and security. Over the last two decades, the EU was struggling to develop an adequate mechanism in this area, from mechanism for coordination and verification, to action plans for Chapter 23, to more specific tools like perception and experience surveys of the judiciary and functional reviews. Due to the challenges to measure progress and track record in the rule of law, in February 2020 the European Commission presented the new approach to EU Enlargement that aims to push reforms forward. The intention is to make the accession negotiations more credible, predictable and dynamic and criteria for assessing reforms in the accession countries will be based on the clearer criteria and more concise EU requirements. The article examines how EU enlargement policies influenced the rule of law reforms in Western Balkan countries over the years and what could be expected from the new approach. The research hypothesis is based on the correlation between Enlargement strategy towards the Western Balkans and its impact on rule of law in countries of the mentioned region. The methodological approach applied in the assessment is based on analysis of Enlargement strategy and other EU and national documents, as well as results of the work of judicial institutions in order to provide insight into the bottlenecks of the state rule of law in Western Balkan countries and enable identification of recommendations for improvement. The authors concluded that the new methodology would improve the measurability of the achieved results in the rule of law area, however, the approach might slow down the accession process of Serbia and Montenegro as a frontrunners in the process.
Ứng dụng kết hợp lọc Kalman và logic mờ giải bài toán lọc, bám quỹ đạo các đối tượng trên biển
Authors: Võ Xung Hà
Published: December 2021

Bài báo sử dụng kết hợp bộ lọc Kalman dạng với logic mờ để giải quyết vấn đề xử lý lọc, bám quỹ đạo các mục tiêu trên biển. Việc sử dụng đầu đo radar với độ rộng xung hẹp có thể dẫn đến việc phát hiện nhiều điểm dấu của cùng một mục tiêu. Bộ lọc thuộc loại bộ lọc Kalman đơn giản và kinh điển. Việc sử dụng logic mờ cho phép thay đổi thích nghi hệ số ,  và để tổng hợp tối ưu điểm dấu thực dùng lọc, bám và phát triển quỹ đạo của mục tiêu. Cách tiếp cận này có thể giải quyết một phần vấn đề làm gián đoạn việc bám quỹ đạo đối tượng khi sử dụng cảm biến với độ rộng xung hẹp. Kết quả nghiên cứu lý thuyết được kiểm nghiệm bằng mô phỏng.
Phương pháp chiếu tổng hợp hệ thống chống nhiễu tiêu cực
Authors: Nguyễn Trung Thành
Published: December 2021

Bài báo nghiên cứu ứng dụng phương pháp chiếu để chế áp nhiễu tiêu cực và chỉ ra các đặc tính vượt trội của việc ứng dụng ma trận chiếu vào thiết bị chỉ thị mục tiêu di động (MTI) để đáp ứng các yêu cầu cao về chế áp nhiễu. Kết quả mô phỏng cho thấy, hệ thống MTI theo phương pháp chiếu cũng có khả năng tách các mục tiêu tốc độ thấp trên nền nhiễu phản xạ. Về mặt tính toán, trong số các phương pháp xử lý tối ưu hiện có phương pháp được đề xuất là hiệu quả nhất trong trường hợp nhiễu mạnh vì không phải tính nghịch đảo ma trận tương quan nhiễu.
Changes in Function and Muscle Strength of Encephalitis Survivors After Inpatient Rehabilitation
Authors: Kim Tayeun , Cheong In Yae
Published: December 2021

Objective To investigate the clinical demographics and rehabilitative assessments of encephalitis survivors admitted to a rehabilitation center, and to confirm the effects of inpatient rehabilitation manifested by changes in muscle strength and function after hospitalization.Methods Data of encephalitis survivors who received rehabilitation at our institution from August 2009 to August 2019 were reviewed. Medical charts were retrospectively reviewed, and motor, functional, and cognitive assessments were collected. Manual muscle testing (MMT), Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Functional Ambulation Category (FAC), Korean version of Modified Barthel Index (K-MBI), grip strength, Box and Block Test (BBT), and Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) were performed, and the results upon admission and discharge were compared and analyzed.Results Most of the patients with encephalitis admitted to our institution had viral or autoimmune etiologies. The assessment results of 18 encephalitis patients upon admission and discharge were compared. The total K-MBI score, FAC, grip strength, and BBT significantly improved, but not the MMT and FMA. Subgroup analysis was performed for viral and autoimmune encephalitis, which are the main causes of the disease, but there was no difference in items with significant changes before and after hospitalization.Conclusion Encephalitis survivors showed a significant improvement in functional assessment scale during their hospital stay through rehabilitation, without significant changes in motor strength. Hence, we can conclude that encephalitis survivors benefit from inpatient rehabilitation, targeting functional gains in activities of daily living training more than motor strength.
Moderating Effect of Self-Efficacy in the Relationship Between Knowledge, Attitude and Environment Behavior of Cybersecurity Awareness
Authors: Zainal Norhafizah Che , Puad Mohd Hazwan Mohd , Sani Nor Fazlida Mohd
Published: December 2021

Today, cybersecurity is a growing issue in our education society to ensure a safe teaching and learning process for teachers and students. Reports and studies demonstrated that teachers and students are moderately aware of the cybersecurity threat surrounding them that could affect the learning curve and other fatal impacts. This study aims to identify the role of self-efficacy in the relationship between knowledge, attitude, and environment behavior of cybersecurity awareness. The researchers used a correlational design with a quantitative approach by using a questionnaire instrument to collect data from teacher respondents. A total of 350 teachers in took part in this survey voluntarily, distributed using social media applications in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic. The researchers used the IBM SPSS Statistics to analyze the data descriptively and inferentially. The levels of knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and environment behavior of Malaysian school teachers towards cybersecurity awareness are low. Self-efficacy acts as a moderator in influencing the relationship between knowledge, attitude, and environment behavior of cybersecurity awareness. Strategies and programs need to be initiated by stakeholders to increase the self-efficacy of cybersecurity that could assist the positive change of environment behavior among teachers for teaching and learning benefit.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Asian Social Science, Vol. 18, No. 1
Authors: Zhang Jenny
Published: December 2021

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Asian Social Science, Vol. 18, No. 1 2022.
English Language Teaching, Vol. 15, No. 1, January 2022
Authors: Yu Gavin
Published: December 2021

English Language Teaching, Vol. 15, No. 1, January 2022
How much does TB screening cost? A systematic review of economic evaluations
Authors: Empringham B. , Alsdurf H. , Miller C. , Zwerling A.
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: Systematic screening for TB has been recommended as a method to control TB on a global level; however, this involves significant costs that place a burden on the health system.METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of the existing economic literature
on systematic screening for TB to summarise costs, cost-effectiveness and affordability, and the key factors that influence costs and cost-effectiveness. Specific populations of interest included the general population, children and close contacts of TB patients.RESULTS: We identified
21 studies that provided both cost and outcome data on TB screening among the populations of interest. All were from low- and middle-income settings. Studies were heterogenous in the intervention, and included costs and reported outcomes. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) estimates
ranged from USD281 to USD698 per disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) averted among the general population, USD619/DALY averted among children and USD372–3,718/DALY averted among close contacts.CONCLUSION: Prevalence of TB among targeted high-risk groups was identified across
the majority of studies as a driver of cost-effectiveness. The heterogeneity of the included costs and outcomes across the economic literature for systematic screening suggests a need for standardisation of included cost components and key economic evaluation methods to improve comparability
and generalisability of results.
A randomised controlled trial to evaluate a medication monitoring system for TB treatment
Authors: Acosta J. , Flores P. , Alarcón M. , Grande-Ortiz M. , Moreno-Exebio L. , Puyen Z. M.
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: Adherence to TB treatment and therefore treatment success could be improved using digital adherence technology.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a medication event reminder monitor system (MERM) on treatment success and treatment adherence in
patients with drug-susceptible pulmonary TB in Perú.METHODS: This was an experimental, randomised, open-label, controlled study conducted among patients in the second phase of TB treatment. The intervention group received their medications through MERM with the support of
a treatment monitor, whereas the control group used the usual strategy. Participants were followed until they completed the 54 doses of the second phase of treatment.RESULTS: The study included 53 patients in each group; four in the intervention group withdrew from the study. Treatment
success was significantly more frequent in the MERM group (RR 1.15, 95% CI 1.02–1.30; P = 0.0322). There was no significant difference in the adherence outcomes; however, the percentage of patients who missed at least one dose and patients with more than 10% of total doses missed
were lower in the intervention group.CONCLUSION: The use of MERM in the second phase of treatment showed a significant improvement in the treatment success rate in patients with drug-susceptible pulmonary TB.
Opportunities to prevent and manage undernutrition to amplify efforts to end TB
Authors: Darnton-Hill I. , Mandal P. P. , de Silva A. , Bhatia V. , Sharma M.
Published: December 2021

The bidirectional relationship between TB and nutrition is well recognized – primary undernutrition is a risk factor for developing TB disease, while TB results in wasting. Although nutrition support is acknowledged as an important intervention in TB programmes, it is seldom afforded
commensurate priority for action. TB incidence and deaths worldwide are falling too slowly to meet WHO End TB Strategy milestones, and the number of undernourished people is increasing, likely to be further exacerbated by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Undernutrition needs to be more urgently
and intensively addressed. This is especially true for the WHO South-East Asia Region, where the high rates of undernutrition are a key driver of the TB epidemic. The evidence base has been sufficiently robust for clear and workable programmatic guidance to be formulated on assessment, counselling
and interventions for TB patients. Many high-burden countries have developed policies addressing TB and nutrition. Gaps in research to date have frustrated the development of more refined programmatic approaches related to addressing TB and malnutrition. Future research can be shaped to inform
targeted, actionable policies and programmes delivering dual benefits in terms of undernutrition and TB. There are clear opportunities for policy-makers to amplify efforts to end TB by addressing undernutrition.
Patient satisfaction with tele-advice during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Gieniec Weronika , Jurkiewicz Beata
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The coronavirus pandemic has shed a whole new light on telehealth, which has become an alternative for diagnosis, monitoring, treatment and support without physical contact between patient and healthcare professional. The aim of this study was to examine patient satisfaction with medical services provided with tele-advice during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Material and methods: The study was conducted using our own questionnaire via Google Form that was correctly completed by 133 individuals between the ages of 18 and 76 years (mean 33.1 ± 13.1 years) who received medical services via tele-advice.
Results: Patients with chronic conditions were statistically more likely to seek specialist services via tele-advice (p = 0.003). Slightly less than one-third of respondents (n = 39; 29.3%) were asked during the tele-advice to attend the clinic / office in person to complete the visit with a physical examination. The vast majority of subjects (n = 95; 71.4%) responded that their health status had not changed since the pandemic and
the introduction of tele-advice. Nearly half (n = 64; 48.1%) believed that their health problem had been solved via tele-advice. Only 4.5% of the respondents (n = 6) strongly agreed with the statement that “tele-advice enables proper diagnosis and matching of effective treatment”, 18.0% (n = 24) tended to agree. The vast majority of respondents believed that everyone should be able to choose between tele-advice and a traditional medical visit (n = 121; 91.0%).
Conclusions: The majority of people surveyed did not perceive a difference in their health since the pandemic and the introduction of tele-advice. Nearly half of respondents believed that their health problem had been resolved with a telemedicine consultation, with even fewer people convinced that “tele-advice allows for proper diagnosis and matching of effective treatment.” Patients would mostly like to have a choice between tele-visit and in-person visits, with no clear indication of the superiority of one or the other. Continuous improvement of current solutions will certainly contribute to increased patient satisfaction with the medical services provided.
Forecasting currency covariances using machine learning tree-based algorithms with low and high prices
Authors: Bejger Sylwester , Fiszeder Piotr
Published: December 2021

We combine machine learning tree-based algorithms with the usage of low and high prices and suggest a new approach to forecasting currency covariances. We apply three algorithms: Random Forest Regression, Gradient Boosting Regression Trees and Extreme Gradient Boosting with a tree learner. We conduct an empirical evaluation of this procedure on the three most heavily traded currency pairs in the Forex market: EUR/USD, USD/JPY and GBP/USD. The forecasts of covariances formulated on the three applied algorithms are predominantly more accurate than the Dynamic Conditional Correlation model based on closing prices. The results of the analyses indicate that the GBRT algorithm is the bestperforming method.
A genetic algorithm for vehicle routing in logistic networks with practical constraints
Authors: Koloch Grzegorz , Lewandowski Michał , Zientara Marcin , Grodecki Grzegorz , Matuszak Piotr , Kantorski Igor , Nowacki Adam
Published: December 2021

We optimise a postal delivery problem with time and capacity constraints imposed on vehicles and nodes of the logistic network. Time constraints relate to the duration of routes, whereas capacity constraints concern technical characteristics of vehicles and postal operation outlets. We consider a method which can be applied to a brownfield scenario, in which capacities of outlets can be relaxed and prospective hubs identified. As a solution, we apply a genetic algorithm and test its properties both in small case studies and in a simulated problem instance of a larger (i.e. comparable with real-world instances) size. We show that the genetic operators we employ are capable of switching between solutions based on direct origin-to-destination routes and solutions based on transfer connections, depending on what is more beneficial in a given problem instance. Moreover, the algorithm correctly identifies cases in which volumes should be shipped directly, and those in which it is optimal to use transfer connections within a single problem instance, if an instance in question requires such a selection for optimality. The algorithm is thus suitable for determining hubs and satellite locations. All considerations presented in this paper are motivated by real-life problem instances experienced by the Polish Post, the largest postal service provider in Poland, in its daily plans of delivering postal packages, letters and pallets.
Femoral neck stress fracture during sport climbing
Authors: Küpper Thomas , Rutten Steven , Morrison Audry , Schöffl Volker
Published: December 2021

While the epiphyseal stress fracture of the finger’s middle phalanx is a known sport-specific injury occurring only in adolescent climbers, and in other locations it’s rare, no femoral neck stress fracture (FNSF) in sports climbing has yet been reported. An experienced female sport climber (37y, 160 cm, 45 kg, BMI 17.5) suffered from pain in the left inguinal region while climbing, and later, also required a stick to walk. Routine radiography missed the FNSF and it was many weeks before a MRI accurately provided that diagnosis. The time between the X-ray and MRI
should have been minimized as it resulted in a delayed diagnosis, unnecessary pain and delayed healing. In this situation the initial clinical investigation, the patient’s history and the X-ray did not lead to a clear diagnosis, and the initial treatment was ineffective. Further investigation by MRI and / or CT scans should have taken place sooner and would have been essential.
THE TASKS OF A PROBATION OFFICER RELATED
TO THE MONITORING OF PERFORMANCE OF
PROBATIONAL OBLIGATIONS DURING THE TRIAL
PERIOD IN “O” CASES
Authors: Janus-Dębska Anna
Published: December 2021

The tasks of the probation officer who execute judgments in criminal
matters, resulting from the Executive Penal Code, include, inter alia, control
of the execution by the convict of probation duties imposed by a court
judgment. Their aim is to educate and prevent the return to crime. In connection
with the supervision of the performance of duties during the trial
period without adjudicated supervision, probation officers have a number
of tasks that are discussed in this article. It also addresses issues raised
by probation officers in the scope in which the implementing provisions
do not directly specify the obligations of this professional group.
OUTLINE OF THE PROBATION SYSTEM IN NORWAY
IN THE CONTEXT OF MINORS
Authors: Fajfer-Kruczek Ilona
Published: December 2021

Norway is one of the countries with a developed probation system. The purpose of this article is to review legal acts and literature, which is the basis for the general characteristics and specifics of this system, especially for minors. The example of Norwegian solutions may inspire the integration of social welfare, mediation and custodian courts activities. It may also indicate certain risks, especially in solutions concerning children and adolescents.
COUNTERACTING MOBBING IN THE PROBATION
SERVICE
Authors: Oliwa Mieczysław
Published: December 2021

This article discusses the issues related to the possible causes of mobbing
in the professional group of probation officers and the issues of tasks and
activities of the probation officer employer in situations related to the phenomenon
of mobbing in the probation officer service. Due to the special
position of probation in the administration of justice, the author focuses on
the tasks of presidents of regional and district courts aimed at counteracting
the phenomenon of mobbing. It refers to activities that seem advisable in
the event of the initiation of appropriate proceedings and remedial actions
in the event of confirmation of mobbing. The issue of mobbing in the probation
service has not been covered by a broader analysis so far. The aim of
this study was to indicate the tasks incumbent on the presidents of courts as
persons performing the tasks of the employer towards the probation officer,
related to counteracting the phenomenon of mobbing. It cannot be ruled
out that the variety and specificity of tasks entrusted to probation officers,
the nature of these tasks and the structure of the location of this group in
the structure of the judiciary may cause doubts as to the implementation of
tasks related to counteracting mobbing.
Walka informacyjna w pracy operacyjnej uprawnionych podmiotów (wybrane aspekty)
Authors: Żebrowski Andrzej
Published: December 2021

Praca operacyjna, będąca zbiorem sił i środków, form i metod, prowadzona w kooperacji negatywnej, wspierana jest przez operacje informacyjne. Na ich podstawie uprawnione podmioty są w stanie budować i weryfikować aktualne i przyszłe strategie działań ofensywnych i defensywnych w trwającej wojnie informacyjnej. Ich wynik stanowi podstawę dla dalszych czynności operacyjno-rozpoznawczych, a także dla czynności procesowych i praktycznej realizacji przedsięwzięć ukierunkowanych na neutralizację przeciwnika (wewnętrznego i zewnętrznego).
Kryminologiczna charakterystyka rosyjskojęzycznych grup zorganizowanych
Authors: Jasiński Radosław , Franchuk Vasyl
Published: December 2021

W artykule przedstawiono kryminologiczną charakterystykę rosyjskojęzycznych zorganizowanych grup przestępczych, które w celu osiągnięcia jak największych korzyści stale rozszerzają obszary swoich działalności, stosują nowe metody przestępcze, doskonalą struktury i stawiają przed sobą nowe zadania. Rosyjskojęzyczna literatura przedmiotu wymienia najczęściej sześć rodzajów grup przestępczych: od prostej zorganizowanej grupy przestępczej przez grupę strukturalną, zorganizowaną grupę przestępczą, formację gangsterską, organizację przestępczą aż po współpracę tzw. worów w zakonie (najwyższych autorytetów w rosyjskim świecie przestępczym) jako szczególnej formy stowarzyszenia niemającej odpowiednika na świecie oraz charakterystycznej wyłącznie dla Rosji i krajów Wspólnoty Niepodległych Państw. Ponadto w tekście zwrócono uwagę na elastyczność w hierarchicznej strukturze i podział pracy w ramach zorganizowanej grupy przestępczej, który jest uzależniony od cech charakterystycznych zorganizowanych grup przestępczych i różnych umiejętności jej członków. Przedstawione schematy strukturalne grup przestępczych naśladują hierarchię więzienną, szczególnie z surową dyscypliną i podporządkowaniem jej członków.
Regionalna polityka bezpieczeństwa w ruchu drogowym na terenie województwa opolskiego
Authors: Kochańczyk Rafał , Maziarz Bartosz
Published: December 2021

Transport drogowy jest kluczowym czynnikiem mającym wpływ na funkcjonowanie wielu dziedzin. Województwo opolskie, mimo że jest najmniejsze spośród wszystkich 16 województw, na przestrzeni ostatnich 15 lat odnotowało dwukrotny wzrost liczby samochodów osobowych. Warto podkreślić, że najwięcej samochodów osobowych na 1000 mieszkańców zarejestrowanych jest w dwóch najmniejszych pod względem liczby mieszkańców powiatach. Oczywiste jest, że zwiększona liczba samochodów poruszających się po drogach ma wpływ na wzrost zagrożenia zdarzeniami drogowymi. Tym samym, aby przedsięwzięcia podejmowane
w zakresie bezpieczeństwa w ruchu drogowym przyniosły pożądane efekty, nie mogą być zamknięte w ramy granic poszczególnych szczebli samorządów. Dlatego warto realizować te zadania na podstawie regionalnej polityki bezpieczeństwa w ruchu drogowym.
Ewolucja zarządzania granicami europejskimi poprzez Europejską Agencję Straży Granicznej i Przybrzeżnej
Authors: Szajkóová Denisa
Published: December 2021

Celem autorki było ukazanie, w jaki sposób koncepcja zarządzania granicami europejskimi ewoluowała w ciągu ostatnich 20 lat. Uściślając, punktem wyjścia dla tego opracowania jest fakt, że rozwój tej koncepcji jest ściśle związany
z kolejnymi uprawnieniami Europejskiej Agencji Straży Granicznej i Przybrzeżnej, która może być postrzegana w tym zakresie jako narzędzie Unii Europejskiej. Autorka wskazuje, w jaki sposób nielegalna migracja wpłynęła na istotne zmiany w Unii Europejskiej w odniesieniu do kontroli granicznej, jak również ochrony granic. Z uwagi na fakt, że nielegalna migracja stale się zmienia i ewoluuje, zadaniem Europejskiej Agencji Straży Granicznej i Przybrzeżnej jest reagować na te zmiany.
HARDWARE FOR QUANTUM COMPUTATIONS
Authors: Kuczerski Tomasz , MIKKE Włodzimierz
Published: December 2021

An exemplary hardware platform for simulation of some elementary quantum computations is presented in the paper. Basic cards of Sinara system with software and platform for experiments in domain of quantum physics and computations were described. Some exemplary applications of the hardware platform and instruction for starting up basic quantum algorithms are presented.
EXAMPLES OF QUANTUM IT IN NEW TECHNOLOGIES OF COMPUTATION
Authors: Kuczerski Tomasz
Published: December 2021

The paper includes definitions of elements of quantum IT referred to classical technologies of computation. It explains the principles of transformation of calculating algorithms to the domain of quantum computations using the optimisation and matrix calculus. Exemplary applications of classical algorithms are presented with possibilities of their realisation in domain of quantum IT. Autor presents some possibilities for using quantum algorithms in new computation technologies concerning quantum cryptography and data analyses with complex computations.
Inżynieria społeczna jako narzędzie cyberprzestępcy — analiza kryminologiczna i kryminalistyczna
Authors: Opalska-Kasprzak Agata , Kasprzak Wojciech Andrzej
Published: December 2021

Socjotechnika należy do najstarszych metod pozyskiwania informacji i nadal jest jedną z najczęściej wykorzystywanych technik przez środowiska przestępczości cyfrowej. Skuteczna ochrona użytkowników sieci musi koncentrować się przede wszystkim na samoświadomości zagrożenia i zdroworozsądkowym podejściu do umieszczania wrażliwych danych w cyberprzestrzeni. Wraz z rozwojem nowych usług cyfrowych powstaje szereg nowych zagrożeń, którym należy przeciwdziałać przede wszystkim poprzez wykorzystanie stosowanych zabezpieczeń elektronicznych, realizację kampanii społecznych i akcji wzmacniających świadomość obywateli,
a także organizację kursów dla instytucji poszczególnych sektorów gospodarki.