bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards Optical Information Recording: A Robust Visible‐Light‐Driven Molecular Photoswitch with the Ring‐Closure Reaction Yield Exceeding 96.3 %
Authors: Hong Pan , Liu Jing , Qin Kai‐Xuan , Tian Rui , Peng Ling‐Yan , Su Yun‐Shu , Gan Zongsong , Yu Xiang‐Xiang , Ye Lei , Zhu Ming‐Qiang , Li Chong
Published: December 2023

Diarylethene molecular photoswitches hold great fascination as optical information materials due to their unique bistability and exceptional reversible photoswitching properties. Conventional diarylethenes, however, rely on UV light for ring‐closure reactions, typically with modest yields. For practical application, diarylethenes driven by visible lights are preferred but achieving high ring‐closure reaction yield remains a significant challenge. Herein, we synthesized a novel all‐visible‐light‐driven photoswitch, TPAP−DTE, by facilely endcapping the dithienylethene (DTE) core with triphenylamine phenyl (TPAP) groups. Owing to the electron‐donating conjugation effect of TPAP, the open‐form TPAP−DTE responds strongly to short‐wavelength visible lights with considerable photocyclization quantum yields and molar absorption coefficient. Upon 405 nm visible‐light irradiation, TPAP−DTE achieves a ring‐closure reaction yield exceeding 96.3 % (confirmed by both nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and high‐performance liquid chromatography). Its ring‐opening reaction yield is 100 % upon irradiation with long‐wavelength visible light. TPAP−DTE could be regarded as a bidirectional “quasi”‐quantitative conversion molecular switch. Furthermore, TPAP−DTE exhibits robust fatigue resistance over 100 full photoswitching cycles and great anti‐aging property under 85 °C and 85 % humidity for at least 1000 h. Consequently, its rewritable QR‐code, multilevel data storage, and anti‐counterfeiting/encryption applications are successfully demonstrated exclusively using visible lights, positioning TPAP−DTE as a highly promising medium for information recording.
Advancements and Perspectives toward Lignin Valorization via O‐Demethylation
Authors: Wu Xian , Smet Ewoud , Brandi Francesco , Raikwar Deepak , Zhang Zhenlei , Maes Bert U. W. , Sels Bert F.
Published: December 2023

Lignin represents the largest aromatic carbon resource in plants, holding significant promise as a renewable feedstock for bioaromatics and other cyclic hydrocarbons in the context of the circular bioeconomy. However, the methoxy groups of aryl methyl ethers, abundantly found in technical lignins and lignin‐derived chemicals, limit their pertinent chemical reactivity and broader applicability. Unlocking the phenolic hydroxyl functionality through O‐demethylation (ODM) has emerged as a valuable approach to mitigate this need and enables further applications. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the progress in the valorization of technical lignin and lignin‐derived chemicals via ODM, both catalytic and non‐catalytic reactions. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of the properties and potential applications of the O‐demethylated products is presented, accompanied by a systematic overview of available ODM reactions. This review primarily focuses on enhancing the phenolic hydroxyl content in lignin‐derived species through ODM, showcasing its potential in the catalytic funneling of lignin and value‐added applications. A comprehensive synopsis and future outlook are included in the concluding section of this review.
The impact of distributed leadership on teacher commitment: The mediation role of teacher workload stress and teacher well‐being
Authors: Bellibaş Mehmet Şükrü , Gümüş Sedat , Chen Junjun
Published: December 2023

This research aims to investigate the relationship between distributed leadership in a school and teacher commitment, emphasising the mediating roles of teachers' workload stress and teacher well‐being using the Teaching and Learning International Survey dataset 2018 with 47 regions. Structural equation modelling on pooled and separate country samples was used to analyse the data. Results indicate that the impact of distributed leadership on teacher commitment is mediated by workload stress and well‐being across all jurisdictions, with a few exceptions. The study also suggests that distributed leadership is necessary to support teacher well‐being via the lens of their workload, which may lead to an increase in teacher sense of commitment. The results recommend practitioners and policymakers support and sustain the distribution of decision‐making powers among the school community and establish a culture of collaboration and mutual responsibility for the operation of the school. In this way, a less stressful work environment and consequently increased teacher mental and physical well‐being and commitment might be possible.
Enhancing production and purity of 9‐OH‐AD from phytosterols by balancing metabolic flux of the side‐chain degradation and 9‐position hydroxylation in Mycobacterium neoaurum
Authors: Zhu Xiaomei , Wang Xiao , Zhang Jian , Wang Xuedong
Published: December 2023

9α‐Hydroxyandroster‐4‐ene‐3,17‐dione (9‐OH‐AD) is a representative steroid drug intermediate that can be prepared by phytosterols (PS) biotransformation with mycobacteria in a resting cell‐cyclodextrin system. In this study, over‐expression of 17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (Hsd4A) was testified to enhance the side‐chain degradation of PS and to reduce the incomplete degradation by‐products. Meanwhile, the complete degradation product 4‐androstene‐3,17‐dione (AD) was increased due to the lack of 3‐Ketosteroid 9α‐Hydroxylase (KshA1) activities. To increase the production and purity of 9‐OH‐AD, the metabolic pathway of the side‐chain degradation of PS and 9‐position hydroxylation was modulated by balancing the over‐expression of Hsd4A and KshA1 in mycobacteria and reducing the bioconversion rate via lowering the ratio of PS and cyclodextrin. The production and purity of 9‐OH‐AD in broth were improved from 22.18 g L−1 and 77.13% to 28.27 g L−1 and 87.84%, with a molar yield of 78.32%.
CEO foreign experience and corporate environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance
Authors: Liu Yang , Zhang Fukang , Zhang Han
Published: December 2023

This research examines the impact of the Chinese CEOs with foreign experience from developed nations on the firm's environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance, drawing on imprinting theory, stakeholder theory, and resource dependence theory. Using manually collected data of CEOs' foreign experience and corporate ESG data from the Bloomberg database for Chinese listed firms from 2011 to 2020, we observe that CEOs with foreign imprinting tend to improve their corporate ESG performance in China. The positive relationship between CEO foreign experience and corporate ESG performance is more significant when the CEO is female, when the CEO is more educated, and when the firm is state‐owned. To better understand the underlying influence, our study indicates that the influence of CEOs' foreign experiences on corporate ESG performance is primarily manifested in the advancement of corporate social and environmental responsibility. Section 4.3 reveals that experiences obtained from developed economies have a more pronounced impact on promoting firms' ESG performance compared to experiences gained in underdeveloped countries. This empirical evidence underscores the significance of foreign experiences gained in developed economies in driving firms' ESG performance. Overall, our research makes a contribution to the study of CEOs' foreign exposure and corporate ESG performance.
Advances in Metal 3D Printing Technology for Tailored Self‐Catalytic Reactor Design
Authors: Kim Hyo‐Jin , Mori Kohsuke , Nakano Takayoshi , Yamashita Hiromi
Published: December 2023

Metal 3D printing is revolutionizing the industry by enabling rapid and cost‐effective production of complex metal 3D products with intricate geometries, attracting significant attention in recent years. Particularly, metal 3D‐printed catalysts have emerged as a cutting‐edge fusion technology that serves as both catalysts and reactors, referred to as self‐catalytic reactors (SCRs). Therefore, this concept article aims to introduce the recent advancements in metal 3D printing technology in the catalyst and reactor field, and illustrate the various aspects for the rational design of self‐catalytic reactors.
Electronic Redistribution Through the Interface: A Prodigy that Enhances Electrocatalysis
Authors: Gaur Ashish , Sharma Jatin , Bagchi Vivek
Published: December 2023

Efficient design approaches have been developed to create electrocatalysts with the aim of enhancing both the number of active sites and the inherent activity of each individual active site. There is a requirement for more universally applicable approaches to thoroughly understand the activity of electrocatalysts. Particularly in this regard, heterointerfaces that exhibit a strong coupling effect have significantly improved the reaction kinetics of electrocatalysis. The electronic redistribution that takes place between the two phases through the interface is the cause of the increased catalytic activity that is exhibited by the heterostructures. Electrophilic and nucleophilic sites are generated on the surface of the catalyst as a result of the electronic redistribution that occurs from one phase to another phase. These sites have the ability to catalyze both the HER and the OER simultaneously. However, a comprehensive debate is required regarding the mechanistic route that is responsible for the acceleration of the reaction rate experienced by the reallocation of electrons.This review summarizes the electron redistribution phenomenon happening after the strong contact between two interfaces. We have explained the charge distribution phenomenon in semiconductor‐semiconductor heterojunctions and metal‐semiconductor heterojunctions.
Career decision‐making, career exploration behaviors, and self‐regulated learning
Authors: Morgan Michael J. , Heo Jungyeong , Osborn Debra S.
Published: December 2023

Helping individuals make a career decision is a key aim of career counseling. Determining how to encourage self‐regulated learning and behaviors needed to achieve this goal often underlies career interventions. The English version of the Career Exploration Behavior survey (CEB‐E) measures activities individuals engage in to learn about career options. The present study explored the psychometric properties of the CEB and its impact on various career outcomes. In the first study (N = 498), a good‐fitting second‐order factor model with four group‐level scales and loadings was retained as the best model. In the second study (N = 143), convergent validity and incremental validity of the CEB dimensions were explored through correlation and regression analyses. The CEB predicted commitment making, metacognitions, and vocational identity. Results suggest the CEB‐E is a psychometrically sound assessment of career exploration behaviors with potential utility for theory development, program evaluation, and monitoring client progress.
Covalent Organic Frameworks as Electrode Materials for Alkali Metal‐ion Batteries
Authors: Cui Shuzhen , Miao Wenxing , Peng Hui , Ma Guofu , Lei Ziqiang , Zhu Lei , Xu Yuxi
Published: December 2023

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of porous crystalline polymeric materials constructed by linking organic small molecules through covalent bonds. COFs have the advantages of strong covalent bond network, adjustable pore structure, large specific surface area and excellent thermal stability, and have broad application prospects in various fields. Based on these advantages, rational COFs design strategies such as the introduction of active sites, construction of conjugated structures, and carbon material composite, etc. can effectively improve the conductivity and stability of the electrode materials in the field of batteries. This paper introduces the latest research results of high‐performance COFs electrode materials in alkali metal‐ion batteries (LIBs, SIBs, PIBs and LSBs) and other advanced batteries. The current challenges and future design directions of COFs‐based electrode are discussed. It provides useful insights for the design of novel COFs structures and the development of high‐performance alkali metal‐ion batteries.
Dynamic Covalent Bonds in the Ebselen Class of Antioxidants Probed by X‐ray Quantum Crystallography
Authors: Singh Ashi , Avinash Kiran , Malaspina Lorraine A. , Banoo Masoumeh , Alhameedi Khidhir , Jayatilaka Dylan , Grabowsky Simon , Thomas Sajesh P.
Published: December 2023

Dynamic bonds are essential structural ingredients of dynamic covalent chemistry that involve reversible cleavage and formation of bonds. Herein, we explore the electronic characteristics of Se−N bonds in the organo‐selenium antioxidant ebselen and its derivatives for their propensity to function as dynamic covalent bonds by employing high‐resolution X‐ray quantum crystallography and complementary computational studies. An analysis of the experimentally reconstructed X‐ray wavefunctions reveals the salient electronic features of the Se−N bonds with very low electron density localized at the bonding region and a positive Laplacian value at the bond critical point. Bond orders and percentage covalency and ionicity estimated from the X‐ray wavefunctions, along with localized orbital locator (LOL) and electron localization function (ELF) analyses show that the Se−N bond is unique in its closed shell‐like features, despite being a covalent bond. Time‐dependent DFT calculations simulate the cleavage of Se−N bonds in ebselen in the excited state, further substantiating their nature as dynamic bonds.
‘Isn't it mad that we're all psychologists and we can't talk about our feelings?’: A mixed‐methods study exploring trainee clinical psychologists' experience of (non)disclosure of psychological distress during training
Authors: Bailey Aliya , Tickle Anna , Sabin‐Farrell Rachel
Published: December 2023

Objective

Literature on trainee clinical psychologists' mental health has highlighted elevated levels of mental health difficulties and/or psychological distress and low levels of disclosure within the workplace. The current study aimed to explore (1) trainee experiences of disclosure and/or concealment of psychological distress during their training, (2) beliefs, assumptions or predictions related to disclosure and (3) responses to disclosure.

Methods

A mixed‐methods strategy was employed; 165 trainee or recently qualified clinical psychologists took part in an online survey. Thirteen of these were interviewed. Descriptive statistics and a reflexive thematic analysis were conducted to analyse the quantitative and qualitative data, respectively.

Results

The sample largely consisted of those who had disclosed distress. Beliefs related to negative judgement from others and feelings of anxiety and embarrassment were commonly endorsed responses within quantitative findings. Six main themes were constructed: (1) Diagnostic or psychological conceptualisations, (2) Worries about judgement complicate disclosure decisions, (3) Disclosure likelihood is determined by relationships, (4) Emotional support versus practical responses, (5) Desired changes that could increase disclosure and (6) Legacies of disclosure experiences.

Conclusion

There is a need for training programme staff to prioritise emotional support, increase permission giving and enhance disclosure guidance. Further research including disclosure recipients is required.
Incidence and predictors of heart failure with improved ejection fraction category in a HFrEF patient population
Authors: Solymossi Balázs , Muk Balázs , Sepp Róbert , Habon Tamás , Borbély Attila , Heltai Krisztina , Majoros Zsuzsanna , Járai Zoltán , Vágány Dénes , Szatmári Ákos , Sziliczei Erzsébet , Bánfi‐Bacsárdi Fanni , Nyolczas Noémi
Published: December 2023

Aims

The aim of the study was to assess the incidence and predictive factors of the development of heart failure with improved ejection fraction (HFimpEF) category during a 1 year follow‐up period in a heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) patient population managed in a heart failure outpatient clinic.

Methods and results

The study evaluated data from patients enrolled in the Hungarian Heart Failure Registry (HHFR). The incidence and predictive factors of the development of the HFimpEF category after 1 year follow‐up were assessed in the group of patients who had HFrEF at baseline. We evaluated the incidence and predictors of the development of HFimpEF after a 1 year follow‐up in relation to time since diagnosis of HFrEF in patients diagnosed within 3 months, between 3 months and 1 year, and beyond 1 year. The predictive factors of the development of HFimpEF were analysed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Of the 833 HFrEF patients enrolled in the HHFR, the development of HFimpEF was observed in 162 patients (19.5%) during 1 year follow‐up. In the whole patient population, independent predictors of the development of HFimpEF were female gender [odds ratio (OR): 1.73; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–2.96; P < 0.05], non‐ischaemic aetiology (OR: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.15–3.30; P < 0.05), and left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter (LVEDD) <60 mm (OR: 2.04; 95% CI: 1.18–3.51; P < 0.05). The 1 year incidence of HFimpEF decreased in relation to time since diagnosis of HFrEF. The incidence of HFimpEF was 27.1% in patients diagnosed within 3 months, 18.4% in patients diagnosed between 3 months and 1 year, and 12.2% in patients diagnosed beyond 1 year. Non‐ischaemic aetiology (OR: 4.76; 95% CI: 1.83–12.4; P < 0.01) and QRS width (OR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.71–0.94; P < 0.01) for patients diagnosed within 3 months, LVEDD (OR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.32–0.90; P < 0.05) and left atrial diameter ≤45 mm (OR: 5.44; 95% CI: 1.45–20.4; P < 0.05) for patients diagnosed between 3 months and 1 year, and LVEDD < 67 mm (OR: 2.71; 95% CI: 1.07–6.88; P < 0.05) for patients diagnosed beyond 1 year were found to be independent predictive factors.

Conclusions

In our study, in this HFrEF patient population managed in a heart failure outpatient clinic, the 1 year incidence of HFimpEF was found to be ~20%. The 1 year incidence of HFimpEF decreased in relation to time since diagnosis of HFrEF. The most important predictors of the development of HFimpEF were female sex, non‐ischaemic aetiology, narrower QRS width, and smaller diameter of the left ventricle and left atrium.
Self‐Supported Heterogeneous Dirhodium(II) Catalyst for Nitrene and Carbene Transfer Reactions
Authors: Satheesh Vanaparthi , Alahakoon Indunil , Shrestha Kendra K. , Iheme Livina C. , Marszewski Michal , Young Michael C.
Published: December 2023

The bimetallic rhodium(II) paddlewheel (Rh2A4) complex is one of the most reactive classes of rhodium catalysts, well‐renowned for the most demanding carbene‐ and nitrene‐transfer reactions. In view of its importance in modern synthetic chemistry, we herein report a facile approach for preparing a self‐supported and reusable dirhodium(II) polymer‐based heterogeneous catalyst through a reductive ligation protocol. The catalyst displays good reactivity for inter‐ and intramolecular nitrene‐ and carbene‐insertions of various olefins, and can also engage in C−H insertion of hydrocarbon derivatives, all under ambient conditions. The catalyst reusability is expected to empower the use of these precious metal catalysts at industrial scales.
Rice bran phytosterol nanoparticles: A promising approach to enhance yogurt quality and nutrition
Authors: Feng Simin , Guo Baihui , Wang Liling , Sui Minghui , Shao Ping
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to improve the comprehensive utilization value of rice bran by investigating catalysts for the methyl esterification reaction of rice bran oil deodorized distillates and preparing phytosterol nanoparticles for addition to yogurt. Fe2(SO4)3 was found to be an effective catalyst, achieving a methyl esterification rate of 98.07 ± 0.23% under optimal conditions. Then, phytosterol nanoparticles were prepared and added to yogurt, resulting in stable addition with the pH decreased from 4.23 ± 0.01 to 4.02 ± 0.01 and the titratable acidity increased from 106.48 ± 0.85 °T to 117.07 ± 0.82 °T during storage. The addition of phytosterol nanoparticles increased the apparent viscosity from 0.68 ± 0.01 Pa s to 0.72 ± 0.02 Pa s and the G* from 80.01 ± 5.50 Pa to 91.80 ± 1.99 Pa, resulting in thicker and more elastic texture. Phytosterol nanoparticle improves the dispersion and stability of phytosterols in yogurt, thus making it stable to be added to yogurt. Fe2(SO4)3 is a suitable catalyst for the methyl esterification reaction of rice bran oil deodorized distillates, and the addition of rice bran phytosterol nanoparticles to yogurt can enhance its texture and nutritional value, offering a promising strategy for producing high value‐added products from rice bran.
Environmental DNA as a Tool for Better Understanding the Distribution, Abundance, And Health of Atlantic Salmon and Pacific Salmon
Authors: Ramey Andrew M , McKeeman Cherie M , Petrou Eleni L , Menning Damian M , Russ Ora L , López J Andrés
Published: December 2023

The development and application of approaches to detect and quantify environmental DNA (eDNA) have potential to improve our understanding of the distribution, abundance, and health of Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar and Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. Here, we review 61 articles focusing on eDNA applications pertaining to salmon occupying natural habitat and aquaculture facilities in the context of advances, opportunities, and challenges. Given recent advances, eDNA now serves as a useful tool for detecting Atlantic Salmon and Pacific salmon and understanding threats to the health of fish and their habitats. Opportunities exist to apply sensitive and minimally invasive eDNA approaches to detect fish and assess fish habitat, assess range expansions of salmon and salmon pathogens, and detect invasive species that may threaten salmon health and abundance. Near real-time eDNA detection and quantification approaches to inform fisheries management may be on the horizon. Challenges limiting the widespread application of eDNA approaches for informing salmon management include accounting for the many factors affecting detection and quantification of eDNA, limits of data for deriving inference, and expense. Through continued development and refinement, eDNA approaches are anticipated to become increasingly available to, and utilized by, managers of Atlantic Salmon and Pacific salmon fisheries.
Green hydrogen production by intermediate‐temperature protonic solid oxide electrolysis cells: Advances, challenges, and perspectives
Authors: Tang Chunmei , Yao Yao , Wang Ning , Zhang Xiaohan , Zheng Fangyuan , Du Lei , Luo Dongxiang , Aoki Yoshitaka , Ye Siyu
Published: December 2023

Protonic solid oxide electrolysis cells (P‐SOECs) operating at intermediate temperatures, which have low costs, low environmental impact, and high theoretical electrolysis efficiency, are considered promising next‐generation energy conversion devices for green hydrogen production. However, the developments and applications of P‐SOECs are restricted by numerous material‐ and interface‐related issues, including carrier mismatch between the anode and electrolyte, current leakage in the electrolyte, poor interfacial contact, and chemical stability. Over the past few decades, considerable attempts have been made to address these issues by improving the properties of P‐SOECs. This review comprehensively explores the recent advances in the mechanisms governing steam electrolysis in P‐SOECs, optimization strategies, specially designed components, electrochemical performance, and durability. In particular, given that the lack of suitable anode materials has significantly impeded P‐SOEC development, the relationships between the transferred carriers and the cell performance, reaction models, and surface decoration approaches are meticulously probed. Finally, the challenges hindering P‐SOEC development are discussed and recommendations for future research directions, including theoretical calculations and simulations, structural modification approaches, and large‐scale single‐cell fabrication, are proposed to stimulate research on P‐SOECs and thereby realize efficient electricity‐to‐hydrogen conversion.

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Effect of gamma irradiation and supercritical carbon dioxide sterilization with Novakill™ or ethanol on the fracture toughness of cortical bone
Authors: Shin Mihee , Pelletier Matthew H. , Lovric Vedran , Walsh William R. , Martens Penny J. , Kruzic Jamie J. , Gludovatz Bernd
Published: December 2023

Sterilization of structural bone allografts is a critical process prior to their clinical use in large cortical bone defects. Gamma irradiation protocols are known to affect tissue integrity in a dose dependent manner. Alternative sterilization treatments, such as supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2), are gaining popularity due to advantages such as minimal exposure to denaturants, the lack of toxic residues, superior tissue penetration, and minor impacts on mechanical properties including strength and stiffness. The impact of SCCO2 on the fracture toughness of bone tissue, however, remains unknown. Here, we evaluate crack initiation and growth toughness after 2, 6, and 24 h SCCO2‐treatment using Novakill™ and ethanol as additives on ~11 samples per group obtained from a pair of femur diaphyses of a canine. All mechanical testing was performed at ambient air after 24 h soaking in Hanks' balanced salt solution (HBSS). Results show no statistically significant difference in the failure characteristics of the Novakill™‐treated groups whereas crack growth toughness after 6 and 24 h of treatment with ethanol significantly increases by 37% (p = .010) and 34% (p = .038), respectively, compared to an untreated control group. In contrast, standard 25 kGy gamma irradiation causes significantly reduced crack growth resistance by 40% (p = .007) compared to untreated bone. FTIR vibrational spectroscopy, conducted after testing, reveals a consistent trend of statistically significant differences (p < .001) with fracture toughness. These trends align with variations in the ratios of enzymatic mature to immature crosslinks in the collagen structure, suggesting a potential association with fracture toughness. Additional Raman spectroscopy after testing shows a similar trend with statistically significant differences (p < .005), which further supports that collagen structural changes occur in the SCF‐treated groups with ethanol after 6 and 24 h. Our work reveals the benefits of SCCO2 sterilization compared to gamma irradiation.
MiR‐600 mediates EZH2/RUNX3 signal axis to modulate breast cancer cell viability and sorafenib sensitivity
Authors: Zhao Qian , Li Dan , Feng Jinchun , Jinsihan Dilixiati
Published: December 2023

Breast cancer (BC) ranks as the most prevalent gynecologic tumor globally. Abnormal expression of miRNAs is concerned with the development of cancers such as BC. However, little is known about the role of miR‐600 in BC. This work aimed to explore the role of miR‐600 in the malignant progression and sorafenib sensitivity of BC cells. Expression and interaction of miR‐600/EZH2/RUNX3 were analyzed by bioinformatics. qRT‐PCR was utilized to assay RNA expression of miR‐600 and mRNA expression of EZH2/RUNX3. The binding relationship between miR‐600 and EZH2 was tested by dual luciferase assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP). The effects of miR‐600/EZH2/RUNX3 axis on the malignant behavior and sorafenib sensitivity of BC cells were detected by CCK‐8 and colony formation assay. Low expression of miR‐600 and RUNX3 in BC was found by bioinformatics and molecular assays. High expression of EZH2 in BC was negatively correlated with RUVX3. Dual luciferase assay and RIP demonstrated that MiR‐600 could bind to EZH2. Cell assays displayed that miR‐600 knockdown could foster the malignant progression of BC cells and reduce the sensitivity of BC cells to sorafenib. EZH2 knockdown or RUNX3 overexpression could offset the effect of miR‐600 inhibitor on the malignant behavior and sorafenib sensitivity of BC cells. MiR‐600 can hinder the malignant behavior of BC cells and foster sensitivity of BC cells to sorafenib via EZH2/RUNX3 axis, exhibiting the miR‐600/EZH2/RUNX3 axis as a feasible therapeutic target for BC patients.
Lixisenatide ameliorated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced expression of mucin and inflammation in bronchial epithelial cells
Authors: Xu Leiming , Chen Guoping , Zhang Leiming , He Aifeng , Li Yong
Published: December 2023

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) induces serious social and economic burdens due to its high disability and mortality, the pathogenesis of which is highly involved with inflammation, oxidative stress (OS), and mechanism of mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) secretion. Lixisenatide is a selective glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonist recently reported to have anti‐inflammatory properties. Our study will focus on the potential impact of lixisenatide on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced mucin secretion and inflammation in 16 human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cells to check its potential function in COPD. 16HBE cells were treated with LPS, with or without lixisenatide (10 and 20 nM) for 1 day. Remarkably declined cell viability, enhanced lactate dehydrogenase release, activated OS, and elevated release of inflammatory cytokines were observed in LPS‐treated 16HBE cells, accompanied by the activation of nuclear factor‐κB signaling, all of which were signally reversed by lixisenatide. Moreover, elevated expression and release of MUC5AC were observed in LPS‐treated 16HBE cells but were markedly repressed by lixisenatide. Furthermore, the repressed nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) level in LPS‐treated 16HBE cells was notably rescued by lixisenatide. Lastly, following the knockdown of Nrf2, the protective function of lixisenatide on LPS‐triggered MUC5AC release in 16HBE cells was significantly abrogated. Collectively, lixisenatide ameliorated LPS‐induced expression of mucin and inflammation in bronchial epithelial cells by regulating Nrf2.
Predicting the catalytic activities of transition metal (Cr, Fe, Co, Ni) complexes towards ethylene polymerization by machine learning
Authors: Meraz Md Mostakim , Yang Wenhong , Yang Weisheng , Sun Wen‐Hua
Published: December 2023

The study aims to execute machine learning (ML) method for building an intelligent prediction system for catalytic activities of a relatively big dataset of 1056 transition metal complex precatalysts in ethylene polymerization. Among 14 different algorithms, the CatBoost ensemble model provides the best prediction with the correlation coefficient (R2) values of 0.999 for training set and 0.834 for external test set. The interpretation of the obtained model indicates that the catalytic activity is highly correlated with number of atom, conjugated degree in the ligand framework, and charge distributions. Correspondingly, 10 novel complexes are designed and predicted with higher catalytic activities. This work shows the potential application of the ML method as a high‐precision tool for designing advanced catalysts for ethylene polymerization.
Validation of a good manufacturing practice procedure for the production of [11C]AZD4747, a CNS penetrant KRASG12c inhibitor
Authors: Cortés González Miguel A. , Högnäsbacka Antonia A. , Halldin Christer , Schou Magnus
Published: December 2023

AZD4747 is a KRASG12C inhibitor recently shown to cross the non‐human primate blood‐brain barrier efficiently. In the current study, a GMP‐compliant production of [11C]AZD4747 was developed to enable PET studies in human subjects. The validated procedure afforded [11C]AZD4747 as an injectable solution in good radioactivity yield (1656 ± 532 MBq), excellent radiochemical purity (100%), and a molar activity of 77 ± 13 GBq/μmol at the end of the synthesis, which took 46 ± 1 min from the end of the bombardment. Quality control on the final product was performed satisfactorily and met all acceptance criteria.
SSR1andCKAP4as potential biomarkers for intervertebral disc degeneration based on integrated bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Guo Danqing , Zeng Min , Yu Miao , Shang Jingjing , Lin Jinxing , Liu Lichu , Yang Kuangyang , Cao Zhenglin
Published: December 2023

Background

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a significant cause of low back pain and poses a significant public health concern. Genetic factors play a crucial role in IDD, highlighting the need for a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms.

Aim

The aim of this study was to identify potential IDD‐related biomarkers using a comprehensive bioinformatics approach and validate them in vitro.

Materials and Methods

In this study, we employed several analytical approaches to identify the key genes involved in IDD. We utilized weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), MCODE, LASSO algorithms, and ROC curves to identify the key genes. Additionally, immune infiltrating analysis and a single‐cell sequencing dataset were utilized to further explore the characteristics of the key genes. Finally, we conducted in vitro experiments on human disc tissues to validate the significance of these key genes in IDD.

Results

we obtained gene expression profiles from the GEO database (GSE23130 and GSE15227) and identified 1015 DEGs associated with IDD. Using WGCNA, we identified the blue module as significantly related to IDD. Among the DEGs, we identified 47 hub genes that overlapped with the genes in the blue module, based on criteria of |logFC| ≥ 2.0 andp.adj <0.05. Further analysis using both MCODE and LASSO algorithms enabled us to identify five key genes, of which CKAP4 and SSR1 were validated by GSE70362, demonstrating significant diagnostic value for IDD. Additionally, immune infiltrating analysis revealed that monocytes were significantly correlated with the two key genes. We also analyzed a single‐cell sequencing dataset, GSE199866, which showed that both CKAP4 and SSR1 were highly expressed in fibrocartilage chondrocytes. Finally, we validated our findings in vitro by performing real time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) on 30 human disc samples. Our results showed that CKAP4 and SSR1 were upregulated in degenerated disc samples. Taken together, our findings suggest that CKAP4 and SSR1 have the potential to serve as disease biomarkers for IDD.
Radiological Versus Clinical 1‐Year Outcomes of Dupilumab in Refractory CRSwNP: A Real‐Life Study
Authors: Giombi Francesco , Pace Gian Marco , Nappi Emanuele , Giunta Gianmarco , Muci Giovanna , Pirola Francesca , Ferreli Fabio , Heffler Enrico , Paoletti Giovanni , Giannitto Caterina , Mercante Giuseppe , Francone Marco , Spriano Giuseppe , Canonica Giorgio Walter , Malvezzi Luca
Published: December 2023

Objective

To provide real‐life evidence on long‐term radiological changes in patients with severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) treated with dupilumab, and to assess possible differences between radiological and clinical results in terms of endoscopic findings and Patient‐Reported‐Outcomes (PROs).

Methods

Consecutive patients treated with dupilumab for recalcitrant CRSwNP were required to undergo CT scan at baseline (T0) and after 12 (T1) since first administration. A group of patients also performed CT scan at 52 weeks (T2) to assess long‐term outcomes. At each timepoint, patients underwent nasal endoscopy, assessment of Nasal‐Polyp‐Score (NPS), Lund‐Kennedy‐Score (LKS), and had to fill in the 22‐item Sinonasal‐Outcome‐Test (SNOT‐22) and Visual‐Analogue‐Scales (VAS) for sinonasal symptoms.

Results

In fifty‐three included patients, from T0 to T1 we detected a significant reduction in mean Lund‐Mackay score (LM), PROs (SNOT‐22, VAS) and endoscopic (NPS, LKS) scores (p < 0.05). In the subset of patients that reached T2 (n = 30), compared to T1, we observed a further significant decrease in mean LM, SNOT‐22, VAS, and NPS scores, but not in LKS (p = 0.420). At T1, the highest improvement was observed in PROs (SNOT‐22: 56.26%), and polyp size (NPS: 49.83%). Conversely, between T1 and T2, sinus opacification was shown to be the most improved outcome (LM: 36.86%).

Conclusions

Our experience showed that poorly controlled CRSwNP patients treated with dupilumab experienced significant improvement in radiologic, endoscopic and clinical disease severity. While in the initial 3 months, PROs garnered attention for showing earlier effectiveness, radiological outcomes revealed sustained and gradual efficacy in a longer term.

Level of Evidence

Level 4. According to the Oxford Center for Evidence‐Based Medicine 2011 level of evidence guidelines, this non‐randomized retrospective cohort study is classified as level 4 evidence Laryngoscope, 134:2626–2633, 2024
Zoning management framework for comprehensive land consolidation in oasis rural in arid area: Case study of the Ugan‐Kuqa River Delta Oasis in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Ma Chen , Li Manchun , Wang Hongwei , Jiang Penghui , Luo Kui
Published: December 2023

Comprehensive land consolidation (CLC) is a strategy to promote the intensive, efficient, and sustainable use of land, and is of great significance in repairing degraded land in oases, reversing the decline of the countryside, and activating multiple values of land use. However, how to scientifically assess and zoning management of CLC in dryland oases remains an open question. In this study, a comprehensive analytical framework was established to assess the characteristics of land‐use transformation and the potential for CLC using remotely sensed and geospatial data and spatial analysis methods, a multi‐objective territorial differentiation model, and collaborative path for CLC in oasis villages was proposed. The following key results were obtained. (1) From 2009 to 2018, urban and rural settlements in the hinterland of the Weiku Oasis expanded by 40 km2, and shrub forests and grasslands in the oasis‐desert transition zone shrank substantially by 21.13 km2. The newly cultivated farmland in the oasis‐desert transition zone only offset 62.9% of the occupied farmland in the hinterland of the oasis. (2) The pattern of comprehensive rural land consolidation potential in the Weiku Oasis was consistent with territorial differentiation, with a gradient decrease from the hinterland of the oasis to the desert. The average potential for Comprehensive land consolidation (PCLC) index was 0.31. (3) Three consolidation priorities and six consolidation types were identified for the proposal of 14 combined modes of CLC. Territorial differentiation with respect to the combined modes was discussed. Overall, this study provides useful insights for promoting efficient and sustainable utilization of oasis land resources and implementing zoning management.
Stop and smell the roses: How and when busyness impacts consumers' preference for minimalist advertisements
Authors: Chen Siyun , Ponomarenko Veronika , Xiao Tingwen , Lv Linxiang , Liu Guanrong
Published: December 2023

In an era marked by the rapid growth of digital media and increasingly limited attention spans, advertisements employing minimalist aesthetics have emerged as a compelling approach. Yet, the specific conditions under which consumers favor minimalist ads remain underexplored. Through a comprehensive series of studies, including a field study and five scenario‐based experiments, this research unveils new insights into how busyness shapes consumer preferences for minimalist ad designs. This research found that busyness notably steers preferences toward minimalist over complex ads, both in real‐world (Study 1) and experimental environments (Study 2). Notably, we revealed a serial mediation, with busyness affecting ad preference through the desire for relaxation (distal mediator) followed by the intent to avoid processing disfluency (proximal mediator) (Study 3). Furthermore, two boundary conditions were identified in which this effect is attenuated or intensified. When consumers place a high (vs. low) price on time, the busyness effect on minimalism preference is undermined (Study 4). In addition, this effect is more pronounced when a temporal landmark that designates an end (vs. start) is made salient (Studies 5 and 6). These insights not only illuminate consumer behavior in visual marketing but also carry significant practical implications for advertisers, marketing professionals, and policymakers.
Drugs/agents for the treatment of ischemic stroke: Advances and perspectives
Authors: Jia Jian , Jiao Weijie , Wang Guan , Wu Jianbing , Huang Zhangjian , Zhang Yihua
Published: December 2023

Ischemic stroke (IS) poses a significant threat to global human health and life. In recent decades, we have witnessed unprecedented progresses against IS, including thrombolysis, thrombectomy, and a few medicines that can assist in reopening the blocked brain vessels or serve as standalone treatments for patients who are not eligible for thrombolysis/thrombectomy therapies. However, the narrow time windows of thrombolysis/thrombectomy, coupled with the risk of hemorrhagic transformation, as well as the lack of highly effective and safe medications, continue to present big challenges in the acute treatment and long‐term recovery of IS. In the past 3 years, several excellent articles have reviewed pathophysiology of IS and therapeutic medicines for the treatment of IS based on the pathophysiology. Regretfully, there is no comprehensive overview to summarize all categories of anti‐IS drugs/agents designed and synthesized based on molecular mechanisms of IS pathophysiology. From medicinal chemistry view of point, this article reviews a multitude of anti‐IS drugs/agents, including small molecule compounds, natural products, peptides, and others, which have been developed based on the molecular mechanism of IS pathophysiology, such as excitotoxicity, oxidative/nitrosative stresses, cell death pathways, and neuroinflammation, and so forth. In addition, several emerging medicines and strategies, including nanomedicines, stem cell therapy and noncoding RNAs, which recently appeared for the treatment of IS, are shortly introduced. Finally, the perspectives on the associated challenges and future directions of anti‐IS drugs/agents are briefly provided to move the field forward.
Germ plasm dynamics during oogenesis and early embryonic development in Xenopus and zebrafish
Authors: Divyanshi  , Yang Jing
Published: December 2023

Specification of the germline and its segregation from the soma mark one of the most crucial events in the lifetime of an organism. In different organisms, this specification can occur through either inheritance or inductive mechanisms. In species such as Xenopus and zebrafish, the specification of primordial germ cells relies on the inheritance of maternal germline determinants that are synthesized and sequestered in the germ plasm during oogenesis. In this review, we discuss the formation of the germ plasm, how germline determinants are recruited into the germ plasm during oogenesis, and the dynamics of the germ plasm during oogenesis and early embryonic development.
Investigating The Kinetics of Anionic Polymerization of Butadiene in Presence of 1,2‐diethoxypropane Using Online Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Rodriguez‐Guadarrama Luis
Published: December 2023

Online near‐infrared spectroscopy technique is employed to investigate the kinetics of the anionic polymerization of butadiene with n‐butyllithium initiator in the presence of the microstructure modifier 1,2‐diethoxypropane (DEP) in cyclohexane solvent. A phenomenological kinetic model is developed to describe the anionic polymerization process in the presence of DEP, and its influence on the microstructure of polybutadiene under different conditions is determined.
Partial and total replacement of soybean meal with a corn-fermented protein product in Rainbow Trout feeds
Authors: Grayson John , Curles Erica , Wojno Michal , Kwasek Karolina
Published: December 2023

Objective

Corn-fermented protein products (CFP) from the bioethanol industry have strong potential as alternatives to traditional plant protein sources in finfish diets. This study examined the culture performance, apparent digestibility, intestinal histology, and expression of gut inflammation markers in juvenile Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss fed experimental diets with graded levels of soybean meal and CFP.

Methods

Four experimental diets were formulated to contain 40% protein and 20% lipids, and the diets incrementally replaced soybean meal with CFP (0% [Control], 25%, 50%, or 100% replacement). Juvenile Rainbow Trout (48.9 ± 1.3 g) were randomly distributed to 12 100-L tanks within a recirculating aquaculture system (30 fish/tank). Fish were fed one of the four experimental diets on a restricted feeding regime (1–3% biomass/day), and tanks were weighed every 14 days for 70 days.

Result

The mean weight, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, survival, and proximate composition of fish were not significantly different (α = 0.05) between the diet groups after 70 days of feeding (139.6 ± 7.5 g final weight). Apparent protein digestibility was significantly higher in the 50% CFP diet group than the Control group (80.3 ± 1.2% and 77.6 ± 1.2%, respectively). Histological analysis of distal intestines showed significantly larger villi lengths and villi length-to-width ratios in fish fed the 100% CFP diet, relative to fish fed the Control and 25% CFP diets. The expression of gut inflammation markers tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)10, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) trended lower in the 50% and 100% CFP diet groups compared to the Control group. The expression of the nutrient absorption markers PepT1 and FABP2 trended higher in the 50% and 100% CFP diet groups relative to the Control group.

Conclusion

The results of this study suggested that the replacement of soybean meal with CFP in Rainbow Trout grow-out diets did not impair growth performance and improved overall protein digestibility and gut health.
COVID‐19 Omicron variant infection has minimal impact on maternal and neonatal outcomes: A cross‐sectional cohort study
Authors: Ying Liu , Mengmeng Liang , Lan Zhang , Hao Ying , Hui Jiang , Shanshan Shan
Published: December 2023

Aim

To explore the impact of the Omicron variant on maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Design

Cross‐sectional cohort study of women giving live birth in a single hospital in Shanghai in December 2022.

Methods

Demographic characteristics, maternal and neonatal outcomes and laboratory testing results were retrieved from medical records. Propensity score matching was used to match COVID‐19‐positive and ‐negative women. Differential analysis was used to assess associations between COVID‐19 and in‐hospital maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Results

A total of 1508 women were included, comprising 729 natural births, 741 caesarean sections and 38 forceps deliveries. After 1:1 matching, 310 clients were included for analysis with each 155 in COVID‐19‐positive and ‐negative groups. Higher maternal fever was found in all modes of delivery, and higher preterm birth and lower pH value of blood gas of the umbilical artery in the vaginal delivery subgroup (p < 0.05). Other maternal and neonatal outcomes showed no significant difference between COVID‐19‐positive and ‐negative clients.