bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acrylamide-Induced Prenatal Programming of Bone Structure in Mammal Model
Authors: Tomaszewska Ewa , Dobrowolski Piotr , Puzio Iwona , Donaldson Janine , Muszyński Siemowit
Published: June 2020

Acrylamide (AA) is a chemical substance with a potentially carcinogenic effect. Its presence in food or animal food arises from its thermal processing. The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of AA exposure (3.0 mg/kg. b.w./day) of pregnant dams during the second half of the pregnancy on bone development in offspring. As an model animal, guinea pig was used. While term body weight of newborns was not influenced by maternal AA treatment, shorter bones with reduced bone diaphysis cross-sectional area were observed in experimental group. Numerous negative, offspring sex-dependent effects of maternal AA exposure were observed in femoral epiphysis and metaphysis as well as the articular and growth plate cartilages. These effects resulted from the AA-induced alterations in bone metabolism, as indicated by the changes in the expression of numerous proteins involved in bone development: receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2 (TIMP-2), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), all of whose expression was measured as well as distribution of immature collagen fibres was determined. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the exposure of pregnant dams to AA negatively affected the structure of compact bone in bone diaphysis, microarchitecture of trabecular bone in metaphysis and epiphysis as well as the structure of the articular and growth plate cartilages in their offspring. The AA-induced bone impairment increased osteoclast differentiation, as observed through the change in the RANKL/OPG ratio, which in turn inhibited osteoblast function by decreasing the expression of other proteins. The data of the present study suggests that maternal AA exposure can result in insufficient bone gain and even bone loss after the birth.
Role of the Nitric Oxide (NO) in the Regulation of Steroidogenesis in Placenta During Physiological Pregnancy and Preeclampsia (Experimental Study)
Authors: Sanikidze Tamar V. , Cheishvili Levan A. , Kipiani Nana V. , Shekiladze Eka R. , Kipiani Nina V. , Sharashenidze Gubaz Z. , Chikvaidze Eduard N.
Published: June 2020

The aim of the study was to establish the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the regulation of steroidogenesis in the placenta during physiological pregnancy and experimental preeclampsia (PE) in rats. EPR centers of the placenta, free NO and its metabolites were determined by the Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) method. At the last stage of pregnancy in the EPR spectra of the rats’ placenta with PE alterations of the signals intensity of mitochondrial steroidogenic electron transport proteins were detected: the FeS-centers of adrenodoxin decreased, the ferricytochrome P-450 increased, the free NO content decreased, and the complexes of NO with heme (HbNO) and non-heme iron (FeSNO) were detected. These data indicate the violation of placental steroidogenesis, which is confirmed by a decrease in the level of progesterone in blood. Therefore, the nitrosylation of mitochondrial proteins is an important redox-dependent mechanism of regulation of the intensity of steroidogenesis.
SI: Chalmers on Virtual Reality Introduction
Authors: Santos Ricardo , Yates David
Published: June 2020

In June 2016, David Chalmers delivered the Petrus Hispanus Lectures at the LanCog research group, University of Lisbon, on the subject of objects, properties, and perception in virtual reality environments. The paper resulting from these lectures was subsequently published in Disputatio as “The Virtual and the Real” (vol. IX, 2017, No. 46, pp. 309–52). In it, Chalmers defends virtual realism, according to which virtual objects are bona fide digital objects with virtual counterparts of perceptible properties such as colour and shape, and perception in virtual reality environments is typically veridical rather than illusory. This special issue collects responses to Chalmers due to Claus Beisbart, Jesper Juul, Peter Ludlow, Neil McDonnell and Nathan Wildman, Alyssa Ney, Eric Schwitzgebel, and Marc Silcox; together with a detailed response by Chalmers to each paper.

You can read the target article (Chalmers 2017, “The Virtual and the Real”) under discussion in this Special Issue here: https://doi.org/10.1515/disp-2017-0009
A modified proximal point algorithm for solving variational inclusion problem in real Hilbert spaces
Authors: Sow Thierno M. M.
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this paper is to use a modified proximal point algorithm for solving variational inclusion problem in real Hilbert spaces. It is proven that the sequence generated by the proposed iterative algorithm converges strongly to the common solution of the convex minimization and variational inclusion problems.
Stability analysis for first-order nonlinear differential equations with three-point boundary conditions
Authors: Ismayilova Kamala E.
Published: June 2020

In the present paper, we study a system of nonlinear differential equations with three-point boundary conditions. The given original problem is reduced to the equivalent integral equations using Green function. Several theorems are proved concerning the existence and uniqueness of solutions to the boundary value problems for the first order nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations with three-point boundary conditions. The uniqueness theorem is proved by Banach fixed point principle, and the existence theorem is based on Schafer’s theorem. Then, we describe different types of Ulam stability: Ulam-Hyers stability, generalized Ulam-Hyers stability. We discuss the stability results providing suitable example.
Application of the FMEA Method for the Risk Assessment in Raliway Transport According to the Requirements of PN-EN IEC 60812:2018-12 Standard
Authors: Szkoda Maciej , Kaczor Grzegorz
Published: June 2020

The paper presents the procedure of performing the safety assessment using the FMEA (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis) method, according to the latest version of the PN-EN IEC 60812:2018 standard. The attention was paid to the application of the method for the assemblies and subassemblies of rail vehicles, for which it is increasingly used. The example used in the following paper refers to the fire protection system of a rail vehicle that meets the requirements of the PN-EN IEC 60812:2018 standard. Performing the risk assessment at the design stage of railway products is a part of the customer’s requirements and is a key factor in the certification and placing them in service.
Selected Tools Increasing Human Reliability in the Antropotechnical System
Authors: Bednarek Marcin , Dąbrowski Tadeusz
Published: June 2020

Distributed control systems (DCS) consist of process stations, operator stations, engineering stations and other elements, which all enable the exchange of data between industrial systems. Process stations are industrial controllers. They manage process control. Operator stations are used for visualisation and operator interactions. Engineering stations are designed for configuration, programming and executing control and visualisation software. Elements of the DCS system are connected by an industrial network. DCS must be properly designed, commissioned, used and operated. There is a human factor in each of these phases of the system’s existence. The article discusses software tools that increase human reliability in such a system, made in the visualisation package, i.e. the graphic environment used to visualize the process at the operator’s station.
Tests and Assessment of the Contact Surface of Selected Measuring Tires of Friction Testers with the Airport Surface Depending on Changes in Pressure and Load
Authors: Wesołowski Mariusz , Iwanowski Paweł , Pietruszewski Paweł , Włodarski Piotr
Published: June 2020

The basis of the work was to estimate the relationship between wheel pressure and wheel pressure on the surface, and the size of the contact surface. The article presents world experience in the field and presents the theoretical basis for calculating the contact area of a wheel with the road surface. The tests were carried out for two types of tires - ASTM E-1551 and ASFT T520. The tests proved a significant influence of the wheel pressure value and wheel pressure on the surface on the obtained surface area of the wheel contact with the surface.
History Information’s are Indispensable in Developmental Assessment of Children
Authors: Demerdzieva Aneta , Pop-Jordanova Nada
Published: June 2020

For achieving the good health and wellbeing for all children, the main role of pediatrician and other health care professionals is to follow their development.

We implemented developmental monitoring for 465 children at the age of 12 - 60 months, in the period of 4 years (2016 - 2019), using standard algorithm in which start is always with child history. It should be comprehensive, and must include a detailed prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal history.

Obtained results showed that 16.13% of participants have some serious illness in family history, and the same percentage (16.13%) manifested serious perinatal problems which imposed the support in intensive care unit. Breastfeed are 49,46 % of children. Only 7,53 % are not completely vaccinated.

About the parameters for the development, we obtained that 11,83 % were not walking at the time of the assessment, and 65,81 % were not speaking. Toilet control was negative, and in 75,27 % they still were wearing diapers.

Allergic manifestations at the time when the assessment was done is present in 8,60%. Finally, serious illness in child past history was positive in 19.35 % of evaluated sample.

We concluded that a good history is needed and indispensable in the assessment process, particularly when exogenous causes are identified as the risk for the developmental delay. Obtained positive answers are directory for further investigation as well to correlate risk-consequences relationship.
Oral Lichen Planus – Related Connection with HLA-System Antigens
Authors: Popovska Mirjana , Atanasovska-Stojanovska Aneta , Todoroska Sashka , Radojkova-Nikolovska Vera , Bedhxeti Lindita Zendeli , Spasovska-Gjorgovska Ana , Spasovski Spiro , Ivanovska-Stojanoska Marija
Published: June 2020

Aim:To determine whether there is an immunogenic connection and antigen difference between the HLA antigens in the erosive (EOLP) and reticular (ROLP) oral lichen planus.

Materials and Method: 73 patients with ROLP and EOLP have been tested. Typing of the HLA antigens has been made for locus A and B. The typing of the HLA was conducted with the use of microlymphocyto toxic test by Terasaki. The reading of the findings has been conducted with an inverse microscope. When a reaction has 4 points it is considered to be positive.

Results: The most frequently typified antigens in ROLP from locus A are HLA А2 (57.57%) and А3 (33.33)%, and for locus B 21.21%. In EOLP it is А9 (8888%). In locus B a connection has been found with HLA B8 (77.77%). The statistical analysis with the ×2 test has shown that the carriers of HLA A9 display a relative risk (RR) of 3.65 and ×2=20.72. Consequently, there is high static importance for locus A p<0,001. For locus B, In EOLP for HLA B8, RR=6. 7 ×2=37.64 and p<0,001. ROLP has shown association with HLA A3, where RR=2. 31 and ×2 =9.14 and p<0.05.

Conclusions: In ROLP A3 antigen and in EOLP A9 and A8 may be considered as carriers with proneness to OLP.
Prof. Peter Ivanovich, MD, FRCP – A Friend of Doctors Nephrologists from North Macedonia
Authors: Polenakovic Momir
Published: June 2020

Prof. Peter Ivanovich was born in Tacoma, Washington, USA on November 9, 1928, and died in Chicago on November 16, 2019.

After being educated by the father of chronic hemodialysis, Belding Scribner, in Seattle, P. Ivanovich devotes himself to the study of hemodialysis and its treatment in patients with chronic terminal renal failure.

From 1971 he worked at the Northwestern University School of Medicine in Chicago where he created a hemodialysis unit at the Veteran Affairs Hospital.

In the well-equipped hemodialysis unit, the latest hemodialysis techniques were studied and new drugs were tested. Numerous doctors from all over the world, as well as from Macedonia, visited and researched at the unit with P. Ivanovich.

P. Ivanovich has frequently visited Macedonia and the former Yugoslavia, where he participated with his lectures. He helped in the development of nephrology in the Balkan Peninsula.

Significant is his participation in the First Scientific Meeting of the Nephrologists of Yugoslavia, Struga, 26-28. IX 1977 and in the creation of BANTAO in Ohrid on 9. IX 1993 - during the First Congress of the Macedonian Society of Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation and Artificial Organs.

Prof. P. Ivanovich is in the lasting memory of the nephrologists of North Macedonia as a renowned nephrologist, cosmopolitan and friend of patients and doctors.
Differential outcomes, schizotypy, and improvement of the recognition of emotional facial expressions: a preliminary study
Authors: González-Rodríguez Antonio , Godoy-Giménez Marta , Cañadas Fernando , Sayans-Jiménez Pablo , Estévez Angeles F.
Published: June 2020

Schizotypy is defined as a combination of traits qualitatively similar to those found in schizophrenia, though in a minor severity, that can be found in the nonclinical population. Some studies suggest that people with schizotypal traits have problems recognising emotional facial expressions. In this research, we further explore this issue and we investigate, for the first time, whether the differential outcomes procedure (DOP) may improve the recognition of emotional facial expressions. Participants in our study were students that completed the ESQUIZO-Q-A and were set in two groups, high schizotypy (HS) and low schizotypy (LS). Then, they performed a task in which they had to recognise the emotional facial expression of a set of faces. Participants of the HS group and the LS group did not differ in their performance. Importantly, all participants showed better recognition of emotional facial expressions when they were trained with differential outcomes. This novel finding might be relevant for clinical practice since the DOP is shown as a tool that may improve the recognition of emotional facial expressions.
Removal of a General – The Rebirth of a Latent Conflict Between Two Sovereign States: USA and Iran
Authors: Chiş-Manolache Diana , Chiş Ciprian
Published: June 2020

Generally speaking, the relations between different states of the world, but especially between the states that represent world powers or have a certain type of arsenal, are able to influence the stability and the state of calmness from a certain region of the world, but also the notion of peace at the globally level. The 2020 year began with such a situation, in the sense that United States of America and Iran, which have been for a long period in relations not among the most well, have arrived at a moment that could represent, to a very large extent, the starting point of a conflict that will enter in the world history. The elimination of a very important Iranian general by US troops in early January 2020, by a surprise attack amonk Iraqian teritory, markedly aggravated relations between the United States of America and Iran, but also between the great world power and Iraq or other major global players who have harshly criticized the US attack.
Deconvolution of Gamma Ray Spectra Using Singular Value Decomposition of Matrices
Authors: Hanka Laszlo
Published: June 2020

The process of identification of radioactive isotopes using gamma ray spectrum produced by scintillation detectors is a fundamental problem in physics. Military applications also require fast and efficient methods, especially in field conditions, for identifying unknown isotopes. The fundamental problem is the relationship between the observed gamma ray spectrum given by the detector and the real spectrum. This problem can be treated as a mathematical problem. The relationship between the real and the observed spectrum can be described by a linear algebraic equation system. In the previous article Cholesky-decomposition has been applied. In this article one more independent mathematical tool is proposed to solve the linear system efficiently.
GPS Characterization in Cyberspace Between Vulnerability and Geo-Encryption: Impact on GBAS Landing System (GLS)
Authors: Alhosban Ahmad
Published: June 2020

In the cyberterrorism concept, whoever was the type of terrorist group: Religious, Ethno-nationalist separatist, Revolutionary, and Far-right extremist, the most efficient deterrence solution locates in the end-user’s protection and hardening. In the cyberterrorism activities, either disruptive and/or destructive, people tend to be the softest link in security chain. Therefore, the threat source would be less important compared with the way of protection. Many efforts have been performed in strengthening the farend-recipients’ infrastructure of communications and critical information systems. Amongst, is the Geo-Encryption Cryptographic Algorithm. It depends on adding a new layer of security by using the most vulnerable signals to cyber-attacks, which is the GPS signals. Hence, its strength came out from its weakness. The Geo-encryption technique assumes the use of anti-jam and anti-spoof GPS receivers, which without, the model would be of no added value to the end-users’ security. In this study, an assessment of the model performance among vulnerability challenges is conducted, showing the characterization of the GPS tool in such model being a solution while it is simultaneously a vulnerable target. A special focus was put in the GBAS Landing System (GLS) performance, in both military and civilian aviation aspect.
Model experiments to assess effect of cavities on bearing capacity of two interfering superficial foundations resting on granular soil
Authors: Saadi Djamel , Abbeche Khelifa , Boufarh Rafik
Published: June 2020

The objective of this paper is to describe the effect of cavities on the bearing capacity of two interfering footings based on granular soil using an exclusively experimental approach with a test model designed in the laboratory. The experimental protocol was carried out based on the variation of several parameters such as the spacing (x) (axis to axis) between the footings, and the distance (H) between the footings and cavities and between the cavities axes (L). The results highlight the effect of cavities and the interference of two strip footings on the bearing capacity factor (q) and efficiency factor (EF). Moreover, the results revealed that, in the case wherein the distance between the footings and the cavity is greater than 3, the cavity impact is eliminated.
Slovak ‘no’ and its pragmatic meanings and functions in relation to prosody
Authors: Mareková Lucia , Beňuš Štefan
Published: June 2020

This paper examines the contributions of lexical context and prosody on the perception of the Slovak particle ‘no’, [nɔ] in IPA. The functional meanings of this discourse marker are similar to those of ‘okay’ in English. Based on a literature review, we expected that the presence of the prosodic cues is not sufficient for decoding the functional meanings. We also explored how biological sex and age affected the perception of ‘no’. We found that both - context and prosody - to a great extent influence the disambiguation of ‘no’, but context provides better information about the function of Slovak ‘no’. Additionally, females and younger adults, compared with males and middle-aged adults, were more sensitive to the cues provided by context than by prosody alone.
A further argument for a syncretic analysis of DOM and dative in Spanish
Authors: Pérez Carlos Muñoz
Published: June 2020

This paper offers an argument to analyse the Spanish form /a/ as a syncretic case marker for accusative differential object marking (dom) and dative. The literature on free relative clauses has established that syncretism allows the repair of feature mismatches arising from contradictory selectional requirements between the matrix and the embedded predicates. By combining clitic left dislocation constructions (CLLD) and free relatives, it is shown here thatdomand dative grant the same repairing effect in Spanish, so it follows that they must be syncretic categories. The same type of configuration distinguishes the directional prepositionaand the dative case marker, which is taken to indicate that these elements are mere homophones in the language. Furthermore, an analysis of the repairing effect of syncretism is offered.
KILAU PERMUKAAN MATERIAL RESTORATIF GLASS-HYBRID SETELAH PERENDAMAN PADA BERBAGAI pH SALIVA BUATAN
Authors: Anggasaputra Claudia , Eriwati Yosi Kusuma , Triaminingsih Siti
Published: June 2020

Material restoratif glass-hybrid mengalami peningkatan kekasaran dalam larutan dengan pH rendah namun belum banyak diteliti nilai sifat kilau permukaannya dalam saliva pH rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh berbagai pH saliva buatan terhadap sifat kilau permukaan material restoratif glass-hybrid. Spesimen restorasif glass-hybrid (EQUIA® Forte Glass-Hybrid Restorative System, GC Japan) (90 buah) dibagi dalam 9 kelompok (n=10) perlakuan perendaman dalam saliva buatan dengan pH 4,5; 5,5; 7, dan waktu perendaman 1 jam, 24 jam, dan 72 jam. Uji kilau permukaan menggunakan Glossmeter (Novo-Curve Rhopoint Instrument, UK) dengan sudut 60o. Data dianalisa statistik dengan One-way ANOVA untuk mengetahui kemaknaan nilai kilau permukaan antar kelompok spesimen. Nilai kilau permukaan pada kelompok perendaman dalam saliva buatan pH 4,5 selama 1 jam, 24 jam dan 72 jam menghasilkan nilai 35,8±2,77 GU; 37,07±2,03 GU, dan 41,3±4,09 GU. Kelompok dalam saliva buatan pH 5,5: 1 jam, 24 jam, dan 72 jam mengalami kenaikan nilai kilau permukaan menjadi 33,68±3,23 GU; 34,145±2,6 GU, dan 37,73±1,81 GU. Nilai surface gloss pada perendaman saliva buatan pH 7: 1 jam, 24 jam, dan 72 jam adalah 32,93±3,23 GU; 32,77±2,42 GU, dan 32,98±2,34 GU. Disimpulkan pada pH saliva buatan lebih rendah dan peningkatan lama perendaman terjadi peningkatan sifat kilau permukaan material restoratif glass-hybrid.
HUBUNGAN LAJU ALIRAN SALIVA DENGAN PERFORMA MASTIKASI BERDASARKAN JENIS KELAMIN PADA PEMAKAI GIGI TIRUAN LENGKAP
Authors: Lubis Luthfiani Indah , Nasution Ismet Danial
Published: June 2020

Edentulus merupakan kehilangan seluruh gigi permanen pada maksila dan mandibula yang mengganggu mastikasi, namun dapat dihindari dengan menggunakan GTL. Tujuan GTL adalah tercapainya performa mastikasi yang baik. Keberhasilan GTL disebabkan oleh GTL yang retentif dan stabil yang sebagian besar tergantung pada saliva. Laju aliran saliva penting dalam pembentukan adhesi dan kohesi antara basis GTL dan mukosa. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan laju aliran saliva dengan performa mastikasi berdasarkan jenis kelamin pada pemakai gigi tiruan lengkap. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analitik dengan rancangan penelitian cross sectional menggunakan sampel penelitian pemakai GTL dengan oklusi klas I sebanyak 38 orang, dengan kriteria selalu memakai GTL selama siang hari dan ketika makan serta pemakaian minimal 6 bulan pasca pemasangan di RSGM USU. Setiap pasien dilakukan pengumpulan saliva untuk mengukur laju aliran saliva dan pengunyahan Color Changeable Chewing Gum untuk menilai performa mastikasi, kemudian hasil dianalisis dengan uji Chi-Square. Pada hasil penelitian ini laju aliran saliva memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan performa mastikasi pada laki-laki, namun tidak pada perempuan. Laju aliran saliva dapat dijadikan pertimbangan penilaian performa mastikasi pada jenis kelamin laki-laki sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai dasar edukasi hasil evaluasi mastikasi pemakai gigi tiruan lengkap.
PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS DAN PATOGENESIS DISFUNGSI KOGNITIF: ANALISIS PERAN SITOKIN NEUROINFLAMASI
Authors: Putri Citra Feriana , Bachtiar Endang Winiati
Published: June 2020

Porphyromonas gingivalis merupakan bakteri utama penyebab penyakit periodontal. Bakteri ini memiliki faktor virulensi seperti lipopolisakarida dan gingipain. Faktor virulensi ini dapat membuatnya lolos dari sistem imun periodontal lalu masuk ke dalam sirkulasi darah atau bakterimia. Bakterimia yang terjadi kemudian menyebabkan bakteri berpindah ke sistem saraf pusat sehingga mengaktivasi mikroglia dan respon neuroinflamasi. Neuroinflamasi merupakan proses inflamasi kompleks yang terjadi di sistem saraf pusat sebagai mekanisme pertahanan dalam melawan patogen, toksin, atau faktor yang menyebabkan neurodegenerasi. Proses neuroinflamasi ini diregulasi oleh aktivitas sel neuron, glia, dan sel endotel di dalam sistem neurovaskular. Produksi mediator inflamasi yang berlebihan oleh sel-sel tersebut dapat menyebabkan kematian sel neuron dan berhubungan dengan terjadinya disfungsi kognitif, seperti penyakit Alzheimer. Dalam tinjauan pustaka ini akan dipaparkan tentang imunopatogenesis Porphyromonas gingivalis pada disfungsi kognitif melalui aktivasi neuroinflamasi di otak.
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL 70% DAUN BIDURI (Calotropis gigantea) TERHADAP Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ATCC 29523
Authors: Alibasyah Zulfan M , Ningsih Diana Setya , Sinda Maya Putri
Published: June 2020

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ATCC 29523 merupakan bakteri biakan murni yang bersifat anaerob fakultatif Gram-negatif. Bakteri ini dominan pada periodontitis agresif lokalisata dan berperan penting dalam patogenesisnya. Daun biduri (Calotropis gigantea) mengandung flavonoid, fenol, tanin, saponin, terpenoid, dan alkaloid yang merupakan senyawa antibakteri. Metode maserasi dilakukan untuk pembuatan ekstrak Calotropis gigantea dengan menggunakan etanol 70% sebagai bahan pelarut. Penelitian ini termasuk eksperimental laboratoris menggunakan metode difusi sumuran dalam pengujian aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol 70% daun Calotropis gigantea terhadap Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ATCC 29523 pada konsentrasi 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, dan 30%. Setiap konsentrasi menunjukkan hasil zona hambat sebesar 3,3 mm, 9,6 mm, 11 mm, 12,7 mm, 14,4 mm, dan 16,6 mm. Didapatkan hasil zona hambat yang berbeda pada berbagai konsentrasi, dan hasil hambatan semakin besar pada konsentrasi yang semakin tinggi. Analisis dengan uji one way Anova menunjukkan nilai signifikansi p0,05 yang menyatakan semua hasil penelitian ini memiliki perbedaan bermakna. Berarti bahwa ekstrak etanol 70% daun biduri (Calotropis gigantea) dalam berbagai konsentrasi di atas dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ATCC 29523.
PERBEDAAN WAKTU PENURUNAN pH PLAK GIGI PADA ANAK KARIES RAMPAN DAN KARIES SEDANG (STUDI PADA SISWA TAMAN KANAK-KANAK FKIP UNSYIAH BANDA ACEH)
Authors: Syafriza Dharli , Rahmat Irwan
Published: June 2020

Bakteri yang terpapar sukrosa akan dengan cepat menghasilkan asam dan menyebabkan penurunan pH plak. Produksi asam oleh bakteri merupakan faktor penting dalam patogenesis karies. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kecepatan menurunkan pH plak mencapai level kritis 5,5 pada anak karies rampan dan karies sedang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik dengan rancangan cross-sectional pada 2 kelompok yaitu 25 anak dengan karies rampan dan 25 anak dengan karies sedang berdasarkan pemeriksaan skor deft. pH plak diperiksa dengan alat untuk mendeteksi fermentasi plak kariogenik (plaque indicator kit). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pH plak anak karies rampan lebih cepat turun mencapai level kritis 5,5 dibandingkan anak karies sedang.
TINGKAT OKUPASI DAN PERUBAHAN TEKNOLOGI ARTEFAKTUAL DI KOMPLEKS GUA PRASEJARAH BELLAE, KAB. PANGKEP, SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Supriadi Nfn
Published: June 2020

Once period residential caves in South Sulawesi is a period play of important role in the framing national history. The study has been done indicating that it’s period has a long time range between 30,000 BP - 1500 BP. The time range allows residential and occupational repetition in one place , either by the same kind of man as well as by different kinds of people. Prehistoric cave complex Bellae is an area that has been inhabited or occupational evidence ever undertaken by humans .The purpose of this study is to observe at the occupational level of each layer of culture that has ever happened in the Prehistoric Caves Complex Bellae. Three caves were used as  samples to do the excavation which represents the amount of 22 caves. The selection was made based on the consideration of the location of the cave , the cave shape, and surface findings . Excavations carried out by using a box model with a deepening technique using spit .The results of research showed that human occupation in Prehistoric Caves Complex Bellae the most intense occurred in  the  middle layer of culture. Displacement of each layer of culture , based on the findings of  kitchen waste is always decreasing occupation .  Food  gathering  system  utilizing  the surrounding environment of  the marine environment, both  freshwater and salty.  The  food  gathering  was  influenced  by  season.   From  the  results  of  the  excavation  is  also  seen  that prior  to human consumption of shellfish , the protein source is derived  from small  animals . Changes  in  the cultural layer  then accompanied  by artefaktual  changes. The  most  obvious artifacts are  finding  pottery the younger cultural layers.
PEMANFAATAN GUA-GUA ALAM DI KABUPATEN MOROWALI UTARA SEBAGAI BUKTI AKTIVITAS MANUSIA MASA LALU
Authors: Sriwigati Nfn
Published: June 2020

Human life in the past, especially in the late Pleistocene and early Holocene are very dependent on the availability of natural resources around them. One of adaptation to an environment that does is use the cave as a shelter. The location was chosen with consideration of the cave near the water source, easy to get the food needed and is safe from the threat of wild animals. Natural caves scattered Morowali district is used as a shelter and burial with the remains of stone-tool artifacts flakes, blades and waste product; kitchen midden and animal bones: skull, bones and human teeth; rock painting in the form of hand stencils.
KAJIAN PERILAKU PADA RUANG TERBUKA PUBLIK
Authors: Hantono Dedi
Published: June 2020

ABSTRAK. Ruang terbuka publik merupakan elemen kota yang tidak bisa dipisahkan dari perkembangan suatu kota. Aksesibilitas yang tinggi menjadikan ruang ini menjadi tempat bertemunya bermacam aktivitas dari berbagai pengguna. Dalam interaksinya para pengguna menghadirkan aspek perilaku yang beragam. Untuk melihat aspek tersebut maka dilakukan penelitian berdasarkan teori dan penelitian yang sudah ada dan pernah dilakukan sebelumnya. Metode yang digunakan berupa content analysis yang didukung dengan teori dan literatur lainnya. Dari hasil yang didapat terbukti bahwa teori yang digunakan membuktikan penelitian-penelitian mengenai perilaku pengguna di ruang terbuka publik. Selain itu ada juga temuan bahwa ada atribut perilaku lain yang berperan, yaitu: kepercayaan dan jenis kelamin. Kata kunci: arsitektur, ruang terbuka publik, perilaku ABSTRACT. Public open space is one of an element of the city that cannot be separated from the development of a city. High accessibility makes this space become a meeting place for various activities from various users. In their interactions, the users present diverse behavioral aspects. To discover these aspects, this research conducted based on existing theory and previous research that had been done before. The method used is a content analysis which is supported by theory and other literature. From the results obtained it showed that the approach used proves studies regarding user behavior in public open space. Besides, there are also findings that there are other behavioral attributes that play a role: believe and gender. Keywords: architecture, public open space, behavior
Efikasi diri guru, pemahaman tentang karakter siswa, dan pemahaman tentang keterampilan Abad ke-21 sebagai prediktor gaya mengajar tipe fasilitator
Authors: Sa'pang Aditya Wiranata , Purbojo Rijanto
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh efikasi diri guru, pemahamannya tentang karakter siswa generasi Z, dan pemahamannya tentang keterampilan abad ke-21 terhadap gaya mengajar guru tipe fasilitator di Sekolah Dian Harapan Jakarta. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jumlah partisipan 60 orang. Data diperoleh melalui kuesioner yang terdiri dari Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale, Karakteristik Generasi Z, West Virginia 21st Century Teaching and Learning Survey, dan Teaching Style Survey. Analisis data dan uji hipotesis dilakukan dengan analisis regresi linear berganda dan uji F Simultan. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah sebesar 60.7% efikasi diri guru, pemahaman guru tentang karakter siswa generasi Z, dan keterampilan abad ke-21 berkontribusi secara simultan terhadap gaya mengajar guru tipe fasilitator. Dengan demikian, ketiga faktor tersebut berperan penting dalam gaya mengajar guru tipe fasilitator.
أثر مكونات تكنولوجيا المعلومات في مراحل حياة المشروع (دراسة حالة على المشاريع الزراعية في العراق)
Authors: Al-Rashdi Omar Walid , Al-Hananda Rami
Published: June 2020

هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى بيان أثر مكونات تكنولوجيا المعلومات (المعدات، البرمجيات، الموارد البشرية، قواعد البيانات) في مراحل حياة المشاريع الزراعية في العراق (الولادة، والنمو، والنضج)، اعتمد الباحث على المسح الميداني في جمع البيانات وتكونت وحدة المعاينة من جميع العاملين في وزارة الزراعة العراقية محل الدراسة حيث بلغ عددهم (1300) عامل، وأخذ الباحث عينة عشوائية بلغ عددها (385) عاملاً، تم استرداد (367) موظفاً وبلغ عدد الاستبانات الغير صالحة للتحليل (15) استبانة وتم تحليل (352) استبانة وبنسبة بلغت (91.4) وهي نسبة مقبولة.

وخلصت الدراسة إلى العديد من النتائج كان من أهمها وجود أثر ذو دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى (=0.05 α) لمكونات تكنولوجيا المعلومات (المعدات، البرمجيات، الموارد البشرية، قواعد البيانات) في مراحل حياة المشاريع الزراعية في العراق بمراحلها (الولادة، والنمو، والنضج). كما أوصى الباحث بضورة الإستمرار في تطبيق جميع أبعاد تكنولوجيا المعلومات حيث أظهرت نتائج التحليل الوصفي أن تطبيقهم كان عالٍ في وزارة الزراعة العراقية.
المنظمات الدولية غير الحكومية ودورها في حماية حقوق الانسان
Authors: Khamo Mohammed H. , Omar Garnas S.
Published: June 2020

بسبب كثرة الانتهاكات التي تطال حقوق الانسان وحرياته السياسية في مختلف ارجاء المعمورة لم تعد مهمة حماية حقوق الحقوق حكراً على المنظمات الولية الحكومية ، بل بات من الضروري تدخل جهات اخرى في هذا المجال ، وهذا ما تقوم به المنظمات الدولية غير الحكومية التي تتمتع الغالب الاعم منها بصفة مستشار او مراقب لدى منظمة الامم المتحدة ، ومن اهم ما تقوم به هذه المنظمات وهي في اطار السعي نحو توفير حماية اكثر فعالية لحقوق الانسان هو دورها في تعليم حقوق الانسان فضلاً عن مراقبة الانتهاكات التي تطال هذه الحقوق ورفع تقارير الى الجهات المعنية بقصد رفع تلك الانتهاكات ، فضلاً عن هذه التقارير تمتلك هذه المنظمات العديد من الاليات الاخرى التي تعمل من خلالها على حماية حقوق الانسان وحرياته الاساسية ، ونحن وبقصد الاحاطة بمفردات هذا البحث فقد قمنا بتقسيمه على مبحثين حيث خصصنا المبحث الاول للبحث في ماهية المنظمات الدولية غير الحكومية اما المبحث الثاني فقد تطرقنا فيه الى دور هذه المنظمات في حماية حقوق الانسان .
Conceptualization of the notion of “institution” within the modern socio-philosophical discourse
Authors: Ravochkin Nikita Nikolaevich , Bondarev Nikolai Sergeevich , Bondareva Galina Sergeevna
Published: June 2020

This work explores current state of the conceptual framework of social philosophy. The object of this research is the phenomenon of a social institution. The subject is the conceptualization of the notion of “institution” within the modern socio-philosophical discourse. Institutions are perceived by the authors as specific social establishments. Considering the pragmatism of the modern social philosophy, the authors focus on the functional elucidation of institutions, giving grounds for instrumental classification, as well as presenting essential features from the position of the functions they carry out. The authors’ contribution into the research of this topic is the thesis on the need for continuous research of institutions in light of their dynamic nature and the social transformations accompanying the functionality of this phenomenon. This article presents an original concept of an institution, which takes into consideration its characteristics as a structure that provides vital function for any society: historism, collective activity of people, and sustainability.
International Court of Justice and law on the use of force
Authors: Afkhazava Durmishkhan Givievich
Published: June 2020

The goal of this research is the determination of practice on interpretation of law on the use of force by International Court of Justice. The article explores four cases: Corfu Channel, military activities in Nicaragua and against Nicaragua, oil platforms (the Islamic Republic of Iran against the United States), and armed activities on the territory of Congo (the Democratic Republic of Congo against Uganda). The author analyzes the question of legitimacy of the use of force: conclusion on nuclear weapon, and conclusion on the question of construction of the Wall. The article applies the method of synthesis for determination of general approach of the court; as well as comparative method to reflect the development of case law in the sphere of the use of force. The author advances an ides on establishment of legal institution on the use of force. The substantiation for this is traced in the decisions of International Court of Justice. Presence of the full-fledged and universal institution on the use of force would contribute to decrease of controversial grounds for the creation of new doctrines.
Planning to Go Back Home Because of the Economic Crisis? Evidence from the Short-Term Return Intentions of Bolivian Migrants in Spain
Authors: Parella Sònia , Petroff Alisa
Published: June 2020

On the basis of data collected by the RETTRANS survey (2011–2012) on Bolivian migrants living in Spain, this article aims to identify the influence of the 2008 economic crisis on the determinants marking the migrants’ return intention. In this regard, there is a need to incorporate the concept of double embeddedness based on migrants’ social networks (meso level), the way migration is imbricated in persons’ lives (micro level); and how, at a macro level, economic and social transformations of different contexts affect these decisions. The article highlights that unexpected changes in living conditions trigger a reconfiguration of these mixed factors that condition return intentions.
Del crepúsculo del gamonalismo a la etnitización de la cuestión agraria en Chimborazo (Ecuador)
Authors: Bretón Solo de Zaldívar Víctor
Published: June 2020

Durante el último tercio del sigloXX, la crisis del régimen de hacienda en los Andes septentrionales marcó el inicio de una gran transformación social. En ese proceso, la identidad étnica devino en una poderosa herramienta de reivindicación por el acceso a recursos (y derechos) esenciales de los campesinos-indígenas sometidos al poder de los terratenientes. Tomando el ejemplo de la provincia de Chimborazo, en la sierra central del Ecuador, y tras una revisión de las peculiaridades de ese longevo sistema de dominación, el artículo centra la atención en las formas y alcance de la insurgencia indígena-campesina hasta la consolidación del proceso de reforma agraria, entre las décadas de 1960 y 1980. A continuación, se establecen los vínculos entre el desenlace de la reforma, el fortalecimiento organizativo indígena y la etnitización de sus demandas como recurso estructurante de su relación con el Estado y las agencias de desarrollo, ya en las postrimerías del sigloXX. La intención es aportar reflexiones sobre algunos aspectos de la politización de la etnicidad que, desde un escenario concreto, interpelan a otros fenómenos comparables de la región andina.
O poder da palavra falada: Gênese e sentidos dos manuais para discursos no Brasil da virada do século XIX para o século XX
Authors: Queler Jefferson José
Published: June 2020

Entre o final do século XIX e o começo do século XX, surgiram no Brasil uma série de manuais com modelos de discursos para ocasiões solenes como batismos, casamentos, funerais, chegadas e despedidas,
celebrações de Ano Novo e de acontecimentos históricos, entre outras cerimônias classificadas por antropólogos como ritos de passagem. O orador familiar, O orador popular, O orador do povo e O orador moderno, publicados por editoras distintas e assinados por diferentes nomes, constituíam então um novo subgênero bibliográfico de grande sucesso editorial, uma adaptação nacional para os manuais epistolares europeus. Seus autores buscavam, numa sociedade marcada por índices relativamente altos de analfabetismo, intervir no mundo da palavra falada e com isso moldar valores e comportamentos. Neste artigo,
sugiro que tais obras intencionavam direcionar o processo de modernização então em curso. Por um lado, admitiam a emergência de novos grupos sociais e alguns de seus valores, bem como a integração do país à economia global. Por outro lado,
reforçavam elementos da ordem social tradicional e do catolicismo oficial.
Students' Preferences Between Blackboard Teaching and PowerPoint Presentations: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Amos Masih  , Nikhil Seth  , Aditya Saxena  , Prerna Baruah
Published: June 2020

INTRODUCTION: With evolution of technology, teachers have, or are shifting to various methods other that blackboard teaching (e.g. PowerPoint, Over Head Projectors, Integrated Learning, Online Apps, etc)AIM: To assess students’ Preferences between blackboard teaching and PowerPoint Presentations among different university students in the city of Melbourne, AustraliaMATERIALS AND METHOD: Data was collected using a pre-tested and pre-validated questionnaire and distributed online to students studying in various Universities in Melbourne, Australia. Statistical tests involved the Shapiro-Wilk test, Independent samples t-test, multivariate linear regression and the Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The analysis was done using SPSS version 21.0.RESULTS: There were a total of 827 complete responses (response rate: 82.6%) and females formed a majority of the study population (62%). Majority of the students (53.1%) preferred PowerPoint presentations as compared to blackboard teaching (46.9%), although the difference was minimal; responses of females was statistically significant (p=0.02). Significant differences (p=0.03) were also observed as 58.8 % students considered blackboard teaching more interesting as compared to PowerPoint Lectures.CONCLUSION: Students preferred PowerPoint presentations as compared to Blackboard teaching and the teachers should aim to make it as interesting as possible and allow student interaction in between.
DIFICULDADES DE APRENDIZAGEM EM MATEMÁTICA: TEMÁTICA AUSENTE NA FORMAÇÃO INICIAL DO PEDAGOGO
Authors: Gomes Sandra Monteiro , Palma Rute Cristina Domingos
Published: June 2020

Com o objetivo de analisar como a temática “dificuldades de aprendizagem em matemática” é abordada durante o processo formativo do futuro professor que atuará nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, esta pesquisa procura responder ao problema: “Como as dificuldades de aprendizagem em matemática são abordadas nos cursos de Pedagogia de Porto Velho-RO?”. A pesquisa fundamenta-se no referencial teórico sobre a formação matemática nos cursos de Pedagogia e as dificuldades de aprendizagem em matemática. Da pesquisa de cunho qualitativo participaram 3 professores que atuam na formação matemática e 39 licenciandos de três Instituições de Ensino Superior que ofertam o curso de Pedagogia. Para a produção dos dados realizaram-se entrevistas com os professores responsáveis pelas disciplinas que tratam da formação matemática e grupos focais com licenciandos do curso de Pedagogia.Os professores e os licenciandos sinalizam que a temática não é discutida no curso, e os últimos, não se sentem preparados para lidar com as dificuldades de aprendizagem em matemática. Há, portanto, a necessidade de repensar a formação inicial de professores, de maneira a promover essa discussão articulando-a com a formação continuada, com vistas à melhoria dos processos de ensino-aprendizagem da matemática.
PERANCANGAN SONGKOK GURU KABUPATEN TAKALAR
Authors: Mustakim Mustakim , Aswar Aswar , Nurabdiansyah Nurabdiansyah
Published: June 2020

Songkok guru merupakan produk anyaman traditional khas Kabupaten Takalar khususnya di desaBontokassi Kecamatan Galesong Selatan. Permasalahan yang terjadi pada produk tersebut adalahtidak memiliki kemasan pada saat produk dijual/didistribusikan. Hal itulah yang mendasariperancangan kemasan ini, bertujuan untuk menghasilkan kemasan yang berguna bagi pengrajindan memiliki nilai jual yang lebih dari sebelumnya karna proses pengerjaan produk yang cukuplama dengan penuh ketelitian. Kemasan ini dilandasi dengan konsep maskulin dan nature. Karenamaskulin menunjukkan sifat laki-laki (gagah, kekar, lebih berfikir secara logika daripadaperasaan) seperti yang kita ketahui bahwa songkok guru ini hanya digunakan oleh pria dewasadiantaranya oleh para bangsawan yang memiliki derajat tinggi. Sedangkan nature artinya alamdimana bahan produk songkok guru yang digunakan dari serat pelepah pohon lontar (dari alam)dan juga nantinya akan menggunakan bahan kemasan dari daun lontar. Dari konsep itu diharapkanpenulis dapat menciptakan kemasan yang efektif dan berguna bagi pengrajin. Manfaatperancangan ini yaitu sebagai bentuk strategi yang efektif untuk menambah minat konsumenterhadap produk songkok guru serta memiliki harga jual yang lebih tinggi dari sebelumnya. Selainitu, untuk menjaga kualitas produk pada saat dibeli oleh konsumen dibeli atau pada saatdidistribusikan.
PENINGKATAN KUALITAS GERABAH MELALUI PENGOLAHAN DAN PENYARINGAN BAHAN DI SANDI KECAMATAN PATTALLASSANG KABUPATEN TAKALAR
Authors: Saleh Jalil , Irfan Irfan , Arifin Irfan
Published: June 2020

Kabupaten Takalar merupakan salah satu daerah penghasil seni gerabah tradisional yang masih bertahan sampai saat ini, namun demikian, para perajin belum mampu menghasilkan gerabah yang berkualitas baik dan bisa bernilai kompetitif di pasar global.  “Umega Gerabah”  merupakan salah satu kelompok perajin yang telah  mengembangkan desain, bentuk dan ragam hias gerabah menjadi lebih modern. Beberapa permasalahan yang dialami adalah kualitas body gerabah masih gampang pecah/retak khususnya saat proses pembakaran, masih sulit menerapkan teknik hias toreh secara detail pada body gerabah, serta kualitas gerabah belum bisa dikembangkan pada tahap teknik glasir. Masalah lainnya adalah system pemasaran masih tradisional dan belum memanfaatkan media internet.  Berdasarkan identifikasi dan penelitian awal, beberapa penyebabnya adalah kualitas bahan baku tanah liat yang kurang plastis, masih banyak campuran pasir, serta teknik pengolahan masih secara manual, diinjak-injak lalu diulet dan dibentuk. Solusi yang ditawarkan adalah menggunakan alternatif bahan baku dari daerah lain,  mencampur tanah liat asli dari daerah perajin gerabah di Takalar dengan tanah liat dari daerah lain dengan teknik pengolahan secara masinal (menggunakan ball mill atau mixer) atau menyaring tanah dengan baik agar memiliki kualitas  yang lebih baik daripada tanah asli Takalar yang hanya diolah secara tradisional. Untuk solusi pemasaran akan dibuatkan media sosial online seperti Instagram, dan lainnya yang dapat digunakan untuk mempromosikan produk gerabah dari Takalar. Luaran yang telah dicapai adalah seluruh mitra yang ikut pelatihan memiliki keterampilan menyaring tanah, 3 diantaranya telah menerapkan teknik saring untuk memproduksi pesanan pembeli. Hasil pembekaran gerabah yang dibuat dengan bahan yang disaring dapat mengurangi keretakan body hingga 28%. Luaran publikasi adalah video dan berita kegiatan yang telah di publikasi pada media massa online.