bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consumers’ Level of Awareness and Safety Perceptions of Food Additives
Authors: Al-Ghamdi Badrah , Al-Tabsh Ghidah , Al-Deibani Alaa , Al-Muhanna Rahaf , Gari Shahlaa , Khayyat Nusaiba
Published: January 2022

Aims: We aimed to measure the prevalence of Jeddah residents’ knowledge and their awareness of these ingredients.

Study Design:  A cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: The study conducted in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, during 2019.

Methodology: This study was cross-sectional via an electronic survey that was handed out, and 676 of 868 respondents fit the inclusion criteria: all individuals were eighteen and above in addition to residing in Jeddah in 2019. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 21. Pearson's chi-square was used to test association.

Results: The results showed that 63.5% of consumers needed more information about food additives. About 80.5% were familiar with preservatives which, in their opinion, were the most disconcerting food additives. Moreover, 37.2% desired easier and accurate labels to gain a better understanding of this topic, while 43.6% said that the most acceptable idea for disseminating information about food additives to the public was by animation in independent display areas.

Conclusion: The study’s findings are examined in terms of the implications for future research and for the development of concrete communication materials to improve food additive awareness in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The level of knowledge was low. Further studies are needed to be done in Saudi Arabia about this topic.
COVID-19 in Diabetes Patients
Authors: Rugvedh Padigela , Wadbudhe Akshad , Damke Smita
Published: January 2022

The 2019 coronavirus pandemic (COVID19) infected more than twenty-two point seven million human and resulted in the causalities of seven lakh ninety-five thousand people throughout the world. Diabetics are more prone to hitches and side effects caused by COVID19. The COVID19 pandemic overlaps with the already present high blood glucose pandemic that will produce bulky and suggestively more prone residents with high blood sugar levels and COVID19. This article will provide an outlook of the irrefutable suggestion for subordinate experimental products of COVID19 disease in diabetics compared to healthy individuals, including in specific group of individuals, such as broods, pregnant women, cultural minorities and folkloric. It also discusses similarities connecting COVID19 and it suggests that difficulty or pre-existing conditions in diabetics may exacerbate the infection process. Finally, this paper describes the outlook for chronic sequelae after COVID19 for more prone groups of diabetic individuals.

The year 2019 was hit by a very miserable disease which turned into,  a contagion known as COVID19 caused by SARSCOV2 it is a ribonucleic B infective particle. The infected people have self-limiting symptoms, mature publics and the people with other related health disorders were under high hazard, also the impermanence rate was high among them. There were many and some were asymptomatic, the medical professionals advised them to isolate themselves and monitor the clinical symptoms.

The insignificant warning sign affected role were given supportive care and isolation in ambulatory setting Mature patient role those with other health disorders were closely scrutinized until clinical recovery was achieved. The COVID19 pandemic was terminal.
Pharmacology of Cisatracurium Besylate
Authors: Kumar Vasam Rajesh , Ninave Sanjot , Chakole Vivek
Published: January 2022

Background: In routine anesthesia practice, a variety of neuromuscular blocking agents are used. Cisatracurium besylate is a nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with an intermediate duration of action. Because of the high molecular weight and polarity, the volume of distribution is small. Cisatracurium besylate undergoes Hofmann elimination, making it an excellent choice for patients suffering from organ failure.

Methodology:  This review article was prepared after a thorough study of the literature using data search engines such as Scopus, Pubmed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. This article referred to prior Cisatracurium observational studies and case reports.

Review Findings:  After learning pharmacology, uses, contraindications of Cisatracurium and reviewing the previous observational studies and case reports about Cisatracurium, this drug is used as a muscle relaxant during general anesthesia for tracheal intubation. It has been used successfully in critical care settings where patients were placed on mechanical ventilation and required complete skeletal muscle paralysis. Systemic or cutaneous release of histamine is not caused by cisatracurium.

Conclusion: Cisatracurium is a relatively new intermediate-onset, long-lasting skeletal muscle relaxant. This medication can be used safely in patients with hepatorenal impairment. It, like other muscle relaxants, can be used during elective surgical repair under general anaesthesia as well as in patients undergoing prolonged controlled mechanical ventilation. The only concern could be the cost effectiveness in comparison to other skeletal muscle relaxants on the market.
Evaluation of Antioxidant and Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Potential of Methanolic Root Extract of Acorus calamus- an In vitro Study
Authors: Ahmed Ashfaaq , Gayathri R. , Priya V. Vishnu , Selvaraj J. , Kavitha S.
Published: January 2022

Background: Gout is an inflammatory joint disease that elevates the uric acid levels in blood that triggers the formation of urate crystals in the joint,especially since the past 50 years. Xanthine oxidase catalyses oxidative hydroxylation of hypoxanthine to Xanthine to uric acid. show it's higher in men aged above 50 years. Acorus calamus is a mid term, perennial, fragrant herb. Therefore, the main approach for the treatment of gout is reducing uric acid.

Aim: To analyze the antioxidant and Xanthine Oxidase inhibitory potential of methanolic root extract of Acorus calamus.

Materials and Methods: Preparation of methanolic root extract of Acorus calamus was done by hot percolation method. Phytochemical screening test was done. The antioxidant activity was carried out by DPPH radical scavenging assay. Anti gout potential of the herbal extract was analysed by the evaluation of Xanthine oxidase inhibitory potential. The data were analyzed statistically by a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s multiple range test to see the statistical significance among the groups. The results with p<0.05 level were considered to be statistically significant.

Results: Methanolic root extract of Acorus calamus shows a strong presence of phytochemicals such as alkaloids ,terpenoids, steroids, saponins, flavonoids.IC50 of antioxidant potential of Methanolic root extract of Acorus calamus was found to be 210 µg/ml.Ic 50 of xanthine oxidase inhibitory potential of methanolic root extract of Acorus calamus was found to be 310 µg/ml.

Conclusion: Methanolic root extract of Acorus calamus exhibited significant antioxidant and anti gout potential. Further research on the natural Xanthine oxidase inhibitors especially in vivo studies and investigation of active compounds and its pharmacokinetics to be elucidated.
Effect of Radiotherapy on Microhardness and Surface Morphology of Pretreated Primary Teeth with Silver Diamine Fluoride: An In vitro Study
Authors: Das Simran , Thosar Nilima , Rathi Nilesh , Khubchandani Monika
Published: January 2022

Background: Radiation therapy has proven to be an effective modality in treating children suffering from cancer. High prevalence of dental caries is seen in children undergoing radiation therapy. This is primarily due to the direct effects of these harmful radiation on the enamel and not as a consequence to the reduced salivary flow. Mechanical properties of the enamel have been seen to be affected by radiation according to various studies conducted.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate whether radiotherapy causes changes in the microhardness and surface morphology of enamel in primary teeth pretreated with silver diamine fluoride.

Methodology: 22 primary teeth samples will be divided into two groups, 11 samples each-study group which will be pretreated with silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and control group. Both groups will be subjected to radiotherapy of 10 Gy radiation for a duration of 6 days. The samples will be tested for Vickers microhardness test and SEM analysis for surface morphological changes post radiotherapy. Statistical analysis will be done using “chi square test, paired and unpaired student t -test”. Surface microhardness and morphological changes of the study and control group compared.

Expected Results: It is expected that SDF application will be effective modality in prevention of caries due to frequent radiation exposure in children suffering from cancer and undergoing radiotherapy.

Conclusion: The study will conclude that SDF will cause a reduction in the microhardness of the surface and lesser morphological changes in the enamel of the primary teeth post radiation therapy in children suffering from cancer.
Synthesis, Anti Cancer and Anti Fungal Studies of New Phenyl Ethylene Derivatives
Authors: Phanikumar V. S. R. N. , Reddy M. Kiranmai , Sharma G. Veera Raghava
Published: January 2022

Synthesis of Phenyl ethylene derivatives (4a-4f ) are reported in this communication. Products were characterized by1HNMR, Carbon (13C) NMR  and Mass spectral data. Synthesized compounds of 4a-4f were screened for anti cancer and anti fungal activities and their results are presented. The main intermediate (3) was prepared from 4-methoxy phenyl acetone (1) reacted with aqueous ethylamine and NaBH4  to get the compound (2).Further dehydrohalogenation of (2) with 4-bromobutanol and potassium carbonate at 80°C  resultedin compound (3)which on  further dehydration with p-toluene sulfonic acid under reflux conditionsgave 4a to 4f.
Impact of Superior and Inferior Approach in Identification and Preservation of Spinal Accessory Nerve during Modified Radical Neck Dissection in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Pandya Naman , Jadhav Anendd , Bhola Nitin , Khare Naman
Published: January 2022

Background: During neck dissection, injuries to spinal accessory nerve (SAN) are most common cause of post-operative shoulder morbidity. Which is known as ‘Shoulder Syndrome’. Despite the evolution in neck dissection procedures from radical to super-selective neck dissection, post-operative shoulder dysfunction remains a point of exasperation for head and neck surgeons. It significantly impacts the standard of living for patients with head and neck cancer. According to the anatomic course and branching of SAN, there are various dissection technique for identification and preservation. Our comparison of superior dissection approach with inferior dissection approach for identification, preservation, and complete skeletonization of SAN in posterior neck dissection has not been studied based on its anatomical course.

Objective: To compare Superior Vs. Inferior approach group in regards to safety and superiority of the approach for SAN preservation with minimal or no intraoperative and or post-operative functional complications.

Methods: The patients will be randomly divided into two groups according to the approach used to identify and preserve SAN (superior Vs. inferior approach group). The intraoperative clinical and post-operative data will be collected and evaluated with appropriate statistical analysis.

Results: Collected data from 24 patients will undergo statistical analysis to obtain the results.

Conclusion: This study expects to find a superior modality amongst the Superior dissection approach and inferior dissection approach in terms of identification, preservation, and post-operative functional deficit for spinal accessory nerve.
A Study Design for Awareness Regarding Appropriate Antimicrobial use and Antimicrobial Resistance among Health Care Professionals and Lay Persons
Authors: Turankar Tileshkumar , Gaidhane Shilpa , Choudhari Sonali G. , Gaidhane Abhay , Sawale Shantanu Raju
Published: January 2022

Aim: This study is designed to determine the awareness of anti-microbial resistance and appropriate antimicrobials use among health care professionals (intern, junior residents and nurses) and lay persons.

Methods: The study will be held at rural tertiary care hospital in central India including junior resident, Interns and nurses, patient and their relatives. Survey tool and data questionnaire will be provided to participants in English and Marathi.

Results: Comparison of knowledge of antimicrobial resistance among hospital staff, patient and their relatives will be done.

Conclusion: There is a need to frame policies to prevent excessive use of Antimicrobials and to increase awareness about the knowledge of proper usage antimicrobial and antimicrobial resistance among lay person.
The Uses and Application of Platelet Rich Fibrin in Clinical Practice
Authors: Bhangdiya Kapil D. , Shukla Deepankar
Published: January 2022

Platelet derivatives are commonly used in wound healing and tissue regeneration. Different procedures of platelet preparation may differentially affect growth factor release and cell growth. Preparation of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is accompanied by release of growth factors, including platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor b1 (TGFb1), and several cytokines. When compared with the standard procedure for platelet-rich plasma (PRP), PRF released 2-fold less PDGF, but 415-fold and 42-fold VEGF and TGF b1, respectively.
A Brief Overview of Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Rajput Aditi , Mankar Sejal , Banait Shashank
Published: January 2022

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular oedema are caused by multiple  retina's capillary changes and increased retinal blood vessels permeability, which contributes to the emergence These treatments aren't always beneficial in all patients, and possible adverse effects can linger in a considerable number of people. One of the mechanisms that is found is the plasma  kallikrein-kinin system (KKS). The formation of intraocular KKS causes retina’s capillary permeability, vascular dilation, and retinal thickening in preclinical investigations. possibly distinct physiologic pathways, according to proteomic study from the vitreous of eyes with DME. Furthermore, proteins linked to substantially more closely linked to the KKS route than  discovered to be an effective way to reduce diabetic mice in preclinical investigations. An early phase I human study of a new plasma KKS inhibitor for the management of DME is now underway to assess the approach's safety and serve as a first step in translating basic science discoveries into a novel therapeutic involvement. Many years of study of the etiology plus treatment has transformed our understanding of the condition. Because neurodegenerative illness precedes and coexists with microvascular alterations, diabetic retinopathy is  characterised as a neurovascular disease rather than a capillary disease. The intricacies of the pathways implicated in various phases of disease severity, on the other hand, continue to be a difficult challenge for drug development. Laser photocoagulation is now one of the best investigation  for treating proliferative diabetic retinopathy, however it is rapidly being phased out for diabetic macular oedema. Inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor, which were recently discovered, are changing the treatment of diabetic retinopathy, particularly diabetic macular edema . Anyhow, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor medicines do not work in all individuals, highlighting the reality that diabetic retinopathy is a complex illness. To improve our perceptive of how retinal anatomy affects visual function, more research is needed. This is expected to contribute to a greater knowledge of the disease phenotype based on therapy reactions to specific drugs, and also the creation of a strategy to improve the company of different phases of seriousness. In the Diabetes control and complications trial (DCCT) main preventive and secondary intervention cohorts were found to be older at baseline than the WESDR groups, with an elderly  age of finding, a lower haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level, and more recurrent injections and monitor, but there were few other significant changes.
Fast Self‐Assembly of Scalable Photonic Cellulose Nanocrystals and Hybrid Films via Electrophoresis
Authors: Atifi Siham , Mirvakili Mehr‐Negar , Williams Cyan A. , Bay Mélanie M. , Vignolini Silvia , Hamad Wadood Y.
Published: January 2022

Nano‐enabled, bio‐based, functional materials are key for the transition to a sustainable society as they can be used, owing to both their performance and nontoxicity, to gradually replace existing nonrenewable engineering materials. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), produced by acid hydrolysis of cellulosic biomass, have been shown to possess distinct self‐assembly, optical, and electromechanical properties, and are anticipated to play an important role in the fabrication of photonic, optoelectronic, and functional hybrid materials. To facilitate CNCs’ technological viability, a method suitable for industrial exploitation is developed to produce photonic films possessing long‐range chirality on conductive, rigid, or flexible, substrates within a few minutes. The approach is based on electrophoretic deposition (EPD)‐induced self‐assembly of CNCs, where photonic films of any size can be produced by controlling CNC surface properties and EPD parameters. CNC film coloration can be determined by the CNC aqueous suspension characteristics, while their reflected intensity can be tuned by changing the duration and number of electrodeposition cycles. EPD‐induced self‐assembly of CNCs is compatible with in situ reduction of gold precursors without the need to use additional reducing agents (some of which are considered toxic), thereby allowing the preparation of hybrid photonic films with tunable plasmonic response in a one‐pot process.
Metal–Semiconductor–Metal Metasurface for Multiband Infrared Stealth Technology Using Camouflage Color Pattern in Visible Range
Authors: Kim Jagyeong , Park Changhoon , Hahn Jae W.
Published: January 2022

Optical stealth technology is being developed to cope with high‐sensitivity infrared image detectors and various guided detectors. Infrared stealth technology has remarkable performance; however, future advancements in multi‐band stealth technology covering the entire optical frequency range, from visible to wide infrared, are key challenges regarding unmanned surveillance systems. Thus, a metal–semiconductor–metal (MSM) metasurface with Fabry–Pérot (F–P) and multiple plasmonic resonant modes is introduced to realize multiband stealth technology. Different colors are obtained for printing camouflage patterns in the visible range using localized surface plasmon modes in Al disks on an opaque Ge layer. The F–P resonance of the Ge layer induces a strong absorption of >92% at 1.06 µm, reducing the guidance signal of the infrared laser‐guided detector. With an additional plasmonic resonance in the MSM metasurface, infrared signature reductions of >34%, >94.4%, and >97.7% are obtained for short‐wave, mid‐wave, and long‐wave infrared bands, respectively.
Giant Shift Photovoltaic Current in Group V‐V Binary Nanosheets
Authors: Kaner Ngeywo Tolbert , Wei Yadong , Ying Tao , Xu Xiaodong , Li Weiqi , Raza Ali , Li Xingji , Yang Jianqun , Jiang YongYuan , Tian Wei Quan
Published: January 2022

The bulk photovoltaic effect shift current (SC), a constant photocurrent generated by irradiating polar homogeneous non‐centrosymmetric materials has lately emerged as a possible option for next‐generation photovoltaic systems that may potentially overcome the Shockley–Queisser limits. The current work predicts gigantic and anisotropic SC with multiple peaks across a wide range of frequencies in pristine 2D monolayer α‐AsP and α‐NP based on first‐principle calculations. The dominant SC tensors components hosted by 2D monolayer α‐AsP and α‐NP are the in‐plane, and reaches peaks of −154 µАV−2, and 87 µАV−2, respectively, in the UV region. The SC magnitudes of the α‐AsP are not significantly affected by the spin‐orbital coupling, while in α‐NP, no such effect occurs. This study recommends new photovoltaic materials with strong SC peaks spread across the electromagnetic spectrum, largely within the UV region.
In Situ Construction of Efficient Interface Layer with Lithiophilic Nanoseeds toward Dendrite‐Free and Low N/P Ratio Li Metal Batteries
Authors: Luo Lingli , Xia Shuixin , Zhang Xun , Yang Junhe , Zheng Shiyou
Published: January 2022

Li metal is considered as one of the most promising candidates for constructing advanced high‐energy energy storage due to its ultrahigh theoretical capacity and lowest electrochemical potential. However, its practical commercialization is seriously hindered by the challenges of Li dendrite growth, low Coulombic efficiency, and huge volumetric variation. Herein, an efficient in situ generated Li2S‐rich interface layer joint with preplanted Sb nano active sites in hosted Li metal anode is easily achieved with the nanosized Sb2S3 decorated carbonaceous network. The yielded CC@Sb2S3@Li anode demonstrates uniform Li deposition, high Coulombic efficiency, and alleviated volumetric variation. Therefore, the Li symmetric cells show ultralong lifespan stable cycling over 3200 cycles with a very low voltage hysteresis (≈18 mV) at 5 mA cm−2. Impressively, the Li|LiFePO4 full cell delivers an exceptionally prolonged cycling over 180 cycles with a superior capacity retention as high as ≈90% even under the harsh condition of an extremely low negative to positive capacity ratio of ≈0.44 with lean electrolyte (4.4 µL mAh−1). Moreover, the Li|LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 full cell also maintains an excellent cycling performance under the more realistic harsh conditions. This work provides a new avenue and significant step paving the Li metal toward the practical application.
Organic nitrogen fertilizer sources for field production of flue‐cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)
Authors: Kulesza Stephanie B. , Manning Nicholas J. , Vann Matthew C. , Suchoff David H. , Woodley Alexander L. , McGinnis Michelle M.
Published: January 2022

Despite rapid expansion of organic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) production in the US, limited research has been conducted comparing the numerous organic fertilizer sources. Organic flue‐cured tobacco traditionally relies on feather meal as the organic N fertility source, as it is readily available, but there is limited information on alternative organic N fertilizers. The objective of this research was to investigate seven different organic fertilizer sources to determine their effect on the growth and development of flue‐cured tobacco. From 2018 to 2019, field sites were established at four locations in North Carolina. Fertilizer treatments included sodium nitrate, composted layer manure, feather meal, corn gluten, soy protein, blood meal, and seabird guano. Both years, these organic N treatments were banded at sidedress (10 d after transplanting) at a rate of 78 kg total N ha−1. Sodium nitrate resulted in higher foliar nitrate‐N concentration than composted layer manure at layby and higher cured leaf yield compared with feather meal and composted layer manure. However, soy protein and seabird guano were often similar to sodium nitrate in yield response and resulted in higher yields when compared with other sources of organic N, such as feather meal and composted layer manure. While feather meal and composted layer manure resulted in a 10 and 11% reduction in yield, respectively, there was no significant difference in tobacco value among treatments. Our results suggest that organic tobacco farmers have other options for N selection beyond the current feather meal standard.
Biomass yield and quality of the Miscanthus × giganteus in northern China
Authors: Wang Ye , Wang Hongbin , Li Runzhi , Fan Xifeng , Peng Zhen , Wu Juying , Duan Liusheng
Published: January 2022

Miscanthus × giganteus has attracted much attention and occupied a significant niche as a bioenergy crop to meet the world's energy demand and in the fight against climate change. In this study, a field experiment was conducted to evaluate the yield and biomass characteristics of M. × giganteus over a period of three years from 2013 to 2015 in Beijing, China. M. × giganteus plants showed higher tiller density and litter leaf weight in the third year, whereas no significant difference in plant height was observed among the years. In contrast, a larger number of nodes per plant were recorded in the first year. Biomass yield potential was the highest in the third year (42.3 t ha−1). In addition, plant height (r = .594, p = .042), tiller density (r = .854, p < .01), and number of nodes per plant (r = ‐.589, p = .044) were significantly correlated with biomass yield. Contents of cellulose and lignin were higher in stems, while that of hemicellulose and ash were higher in leaves. M. × giganteus biomass may be used for cellulosic ethanol conversion due to high cellulose and hemicellulose contents and low lignin content and for direct combustion and co‐combustion due to high calorific value (18.5 MJ kg−1). To conclude, our findings indicate that M. × giganteus can be cultivated in northern China as an excellent herbaceous bioenergy crop. Rational utilization of the agronomic characteristics would be helpful to screening and breeding bioenergy grass for promoting bioenergy production in China.
Particle‐resolved turbulent flow in a packed bed: RANS, LES, and DNS simulations
Authors: Ambekar Aniket S. , Schwarzmeier Christoph , Rüde Ulrich , Buwa Vivek V.
Published: January 2022

Packed bed reactors are widely used to perform solid‐catalyzed gas‐phase reactions and local turbulence is known to influence heat and mass transfer characteristics. We have investigated turbulence characteristics in a packed bed of 113 spherical particles by performing particle‐resolved Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulations, Large Eddy Simulation (LES), and Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS). The predictions of the RANS and LES simulations are validated with the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM)–based DNS at particle Reynolds number (Rep) of 600. The RANS and LES simulations can predict the velocity, strain rate, and vorticity with a reasonable accuracy. Due to the dominance of enhanced wall‐function treatment, the turbulence characteristics predicted by the ε‐based models are found to be in a good agreement with the DNS. The ω‐based models under‐predicted the turbulence quantities by several orders of magnitude due to their inadequacy in handling strongly wall‐dominated flows at low Rep. Using the DNS performed at different Rep, we also show that the onset of turbulence occurs between .
Computer‐aided process intensification of natural gas to methanol process
Authors: Monjur Mohammed Sadaf , Hasan M. M. Faruque
Published: January 2022

The recent revolution in shale gas has presented opportunities for distributed manufacturing of key commodity chemicals, such as methanol, from methane. However, the conventional methane‐to‐methanol process is energy intensive which negatively affects the profitability and sustainability. We report an intensified process configuration that is both economically attractive and environmentally sustainable. This flowsheet is systematically discovered using the building block‐based representation and optimization methodology. The new process configuration utilizes membrane‐assisted reactive separations and can have as much as 190% higher total annual profit compared to a conventional configuration. Additionally, it has 57% less CO2‐equivalent greenhouse gas emission. Such drastic improvement highlights the advantages of building block‐based computer‐aided process intensification method.
Data‐driven approximation of thermodynamic phase equilibria
Authors: Iftakher Ashfaq , Aras Chinmay M. , Monjur Mohammed Sadaf , Hasan M. M. Faruque
Published: January 2022

We present a new data‐driven approach for both accurate and computationally efficient approximation of vapor liquid equilibria (VLE) models. Our method is able to provide guaranteed enclosure to limit the approximation errors over the entire domain of interest, all just by sampling only at select points. The approximation relies on a mixed‐integer linear programming (MILP) formulation that exploits vertex polyhedral properties of theoretically guaranteed lower and upper bounds to enclose nonlinear and nonconvex equations of state (EOS) and empirical models. Another advantage is that, unlike traditional full simulation‐based data‐driven approaches, we do not solve nonlinear system of equations (f(x) = 0) for sampling. Instead of looking for only feasible samples, we evaluate f(x) over x‐domain. This functional evaluation eliminates the need for computationally‐demanding full‐scale simulations and the associated convergence issues. We demonstrate excellent performance of the proposed MILP formulation in predicting the solubility of hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants in ionic liquids (IL).
Changes in female function and autonomous selfing across floral lifespan interact to drive variation in the cost of selfing
Authors: Spigler Rachel B. , Maguiña Rossana
Published: January 2022

Premise

Morphological and developmental changes as flowers age can impact patterns of mating. At the same time, direct or indirect costs of floral longevity can alter their fitness outcomes. This influence has been less appreciated, particularly with respect to the timing of selfing. We investigated changes in stigma events, autonomous selfing, outcross seed set capacity, and autofertility—a measure representing the potential for reproductive assurance—across floral lifespan in the mixed‐mating biennialSabatia angularis.

Methods

We examined stigma morphology and receptivity, autonomous self‐pollen deposition, and seed number and size under autonomous self‐pollination and hand outcross‐pollination for flowers of different ages, from 1 d of female phase until 14 d. We compared autonomous seed production to maximal outcross seed production at each flower age to calculate an index of autofertility.

Results

The stigmatic lobes begin to untwist 1 d post anthesis. They progressively open, sextend, coil, and increase in receptivity, peaking or saturating at 8–11 d, depending on the measure. Autonomous seed production can occur early, but on average remains low until 6 d, when it doubles. In contrast, outcross seed number and size start out high, then decline precipitously. Consequently, autofertility increases steeply across floral lifespan.

Conclusions

Changes in stigma morphology and receptivity, timing of autonomous self‐pollen deposition, and floral senescence can interact to influence the relative benefit of autonomous selfing across floral lifespan. Our work highlights the interplay between evolution of floral longevity and the mating system, with implications for the maintenance of mixed mating inS. angularis.
An algorithm for sellar reconstruction following endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma: A review of 582 cases
Authors: Chaskes Mark B. , Barton Blair , Karsy Michael , Chitguppi Chandala , McKnight Tory , McCambridge Joshua , Flanders Adam , Toskala Elina , Rabinowitz Mindy R. , Nyquist Gurston G. , Farrell Christopher , Rosen Marc R. , Evans James J.
Published: January 2022

Background

Several sellar reconstruction algorithms stratify patients based on risk of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. Many proposed algorithms employ techniques that are overly complex and confer morbidity. We review our experience with sellar reconstruction following transsphenoidal pituitary surgery and propose a highly effective, yet simple and low morbidity, algorithm.

Methods

A retrospective review of 582 patients who underwent transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma by a single neurosurgeon between 2005 and 2020 was performed. Patients without an intraoperative CSF leak and without a patulous diaphragm were repaired with an oxidized cellulose onlay (group 1). Patients with a low‐flow intraoperative CSF leak or a patulous diaphragm were repaired with a synthetic dural substitute inlay (group 2). Patients with a persistent leak around the inlay repair or a high‐flow leak were reconstructed with a synthetic dural substitute inlay and a nasoseptal flap onlay (group 3).

Results

There was an overall leak rate of 1.5% (9/582) to 1.0% (2/197) in group 1, 1.7% (6/347) in group 2, and 2.6% (1/38) in group 3. Group 3 had the highest rate of postoperative morbidity, including sinusitis (23.7% vs. 8.6% and 15.0% in groups 1 and 2, p = 0.018) and crusting (42.1% vs. 4.6% and 6.3% in groups 1 and 2, p < 0.001). All techniques healed equally well radiographically.

Conclusion

The proposed algorithm for sellar reconstruction is highly effective and minimizes complexity and morbidity, primarily utilizing single‐layer reconstructions without the addition of packing material or lumbar drainage.
Structure‐based discovery of small molecules improving stability of human broadly‐neutralizing anti‐HIV antibody 2F5 in plant suspension cells
Authors: Mandal Manoj K. , Kronenberger Thales , Zulka Marie I. , Windshügel Björn , Schiermeyer Andreas
Published: January 2022

The production of biopharmaceuticals in engineered plant‐based systems is a promising technology that has proven its suitability for the production of various recombinant glyco–proteins that are currently undergoing clinical trials. However, compared to mammalian cell lines, the productivity of plant‐based systems still requires further improvement. A major obstacle is the proteolytic degradation of recombinant target proteins by endogenous plant proteases mainly from the subtilisin family of serine proteases. In the present study, the authors screened for putative small molecule inhibitors for subtilases that are secreted from tobacco BY‐2 suspension cells using an in silico approach. The effectiveness of the substances identified in this screen was subsequently tested in degradation assays using the human broadly‐neutralizing anti‐HIV monoclonal antibody 2F5 (mAb2F5) and spent BY‐2 culture medium as a model system. Among 16 putative inhibitors identified by in silico studies, three naphthalene sulfonic acid derivatives showed inhibitory activity in in vitro degradation assays and are similar to or even more effective than phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), a classical inhibitor of serine proteases, which served as positive control.
Cutting‐edge LC–MS/MS applications in clinical mass spectrometry: Focusing on analysis of drugs and metabolites
Authors: Maekawa Masamitsu , Mano Nariyasu
Published: January 2022

In recent years, liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) has become a fundamental technology in clinical practice. In Japan, the LC–MS/MS system is used in many large hospitals. It has become popular among pharmacists and laboratory technicians. LC–MS/MS has some advantages in terms of accuracy, speed, and comprehensiveness compared to conventional automated chemical testing equipment. However, LC–MS/MS is by no means a universal method, and it is necessary to understand its characteristics before using it. In the field of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), there is an issue with linearity in comprehensive measurement; however, ion‐abundance adjustment methods, such as in‐source collision‐induced dissociation, have been proposed as a solution to this problem. The development of a biomarker analysis includes search, identification, and quantification, and it is necessary to select an appropriate mass spectrometric method for each step. In this paper, we review cutting‐edge technologies that can expand the performance of LC–MS/MS in the clinical field and consider current issues and future prospects.
Estimating longitudinal depressive symptoms from smartphone data in a transdiagnostic cohort
Authors: Pellegrini Amelia M. , Huang Emily J. , Staples Patrick C. , Hart Kamber L. , Lorme Jeanette M. , Brown Hannah E. , Perlis Roy H. , Onnela Jukka‐Pekka J.
Published: January 2022

Background

Passive measures collected using smartphones have been suggested to represent efficient proxies for depression severity, but the performance of such measures across diagnoses has not been studied.

Methods

We enrolled a cohort of 45 individuals (11 with major depressive disorder, 11 with bipolar disorder, 11 with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, and 12 individuals with no axis I psychiatric disorder). During the 8‐week study period, participants were evaluated with a rater‐administered Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) biweekly, completed self‐report PHQ‐8 measures weekly on their smartphone, and consented to collection of smartphone‐based GPS and accelerometer data in order to learn about their behaviors. We utilized linear mixed models to predict depression severity on the basis of phone‐based PHQ‐8 and passive measures.

Results

Among the 45 individuals, 38 (84%) completed the 8‐week study. The average root‐mean‐squared error (RMSE) in predicting the MADRS score (scale 0–60) was 4.72 using passive data alone, 4.27 using self‐report measures alone, and 4.30 using both.

Conclusions

While passive measures did not improve MADRS score prediction in our cross‐disorder study, they may capture behavioral phenotypes that cannot be measured objectively, granularly, or over long‐term via self‐report.
What is the glamor of black‐and‐white? The effect of color design on evaluations of luxury brand ads
Authors: Wang Yu , Wang Tao , Mu Wenlong , Sun Yifan
Published: January 2022

Visual esthetic stimuli are believed to be an important factor in increasing luxury brands attitudes. However, less attention has been given by existing research to how the presence or absence of color (i.e., color vs. black‐and‐white) influences consumers' perceptions of products and evaluations toward luxury ads. Drawing on the perspective of esthetic meaning and the theory of psychological distance, this study provides key evidence for addressing this gap. Three studies have found that black‐and‐white (BW) (vs. color) is associated with the luxuriousness of products and evaluations of luxury brand ads. Specifically, Study 1 shows that BW (vs. color) design can enhance consumers' evaluations of luxury brand ads by enhancing the perceived luxuriousness of products. In addition, Study 2 indicates that ad appeal plays a moderating role in the link between color design (BW vs. color) and ad evaluations such that the effect of BW designs (vs. color design) will be higher for consumers when ads focus on hedonic (vs. utilitarian) appeals. Study 3 further shows that BW is more effective for luxury brand ads than both iconic and noniconic colors. In sum, our results extend the existing literature and provide valuable management strategies for luxury brand marketing management in visual esthetic design.
Spontaneous Propionibacterium Acnes abscess with intraventricular rupture in an immunocompetent adult without prior neurosurgical intervention
Authors: Smith Jordan L. , Cruz‐Gordillo Peter , Luiselli Gabrielle , Daci Rrita , Owusu‐Adjei Brittany , Ogagan Charles , Moses Ziev B.
Published: January 2022

Previously viewed as a culture contaminant, Propionibacterium Acnes can cause infection following neurosurgical intervention. Its role in brain abscess in the immunocompetent, surgically naïve population has been infrequently reported. Herein, we describe an immunocompetent 55‐year‐old man with no risk factors found to have a thalamic abscess with intraventricular rupture.
The Catalytic Performance of Ga2O3−CeO2 Composite Oxides over Reverse Water Gas Shift Reaction
Authors: Dai Hui , Zhang Anhang , Xiong Siqi , Xiao Xin , Zhou Changjian , Pan Yi
Published: January 2022

The conversion of CO2 into other C1 raw materials is considered to be the best way to solve the greenhouse effect and energy crisis. Reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction is the best way to obtain high value‐added product raw material syngas and its reactor can be realized in any heavy carbon industry. Here, a series of Ga2O3−CeO2 composite oxide catalysts with different ratios of Ga2O3 and CeO2 were developed by gel sol‐gel method. Compared with pure Ga2O3, CeO2, the composite oxides catalysts have smaller grains and exhibit excellent selectivity of CO in RWGS reaction. It was found that Ga2O3 has different reaction intermediates compared with CeO2 and Ga2O3−CeO2, so it is easy to produce methane under high H2 conditions, while CeO2 is beneficial to improve the selectivity of CO. Therefore, Ga2O3−CeO2 has the potential to serve as a new and highly selective catalyst for reverse water gas shift reaction.
Biomass‐Derived Activated Carbon Nanoarchitectonics with Hibiscus Flowers for High‐Performance Supercapacitor Electrode Applications
Authors: Yan Dong , Liu Lu , Wang Xingyan , Xu Ke , Zhong Jinghan
Published: January 2022

Activated carbon is the most widely used electrode material in electrochemical double‐layer capacitors. The rational utilization of biomass energy waste to prepare porous carbon supercapacitor electrodes has effectively realized both the use of biomass waste and the industrial production of high‐performance supercapacitor electrodes. A simple method to employ roselle waste as the precursor of porous carbon supercapacitor electrodes is described. Electrochemical characterization confirmed that an electric double layer with high specific capacitance was formed in the system. The HCF‐3 supercapacitor electrode proved to have good cycle stability. Roselle‐based porous carbon has great potential as a low‐cost, environmentally friendly, and high‐efficiency supercapacitor electrode material.
Binding Interactions in Copper, Silver and Gold π‐Complexes
Authors: Mehara Jaya , Watson Brandon T. , Noonikara‐Poyil Anurag , Zacharias Adway O. , Roithová Jana , Rasika Dias H. V.
Published: January 2022

The copper(I), silver(I), and gold(I) metals bind π‐ligands by σ‐bonding and π‐back bonding interactions. These interactions were investigated using bidentate ancillary ligands with electron donating and withdrawing substituents. The π‐ligands span from ethylene to larger terminal and internal alkenes and alkynes. Results of X‐ray crystallography, NMR, and IR spectroscopy and gas phase experiments show that the binding energies increase in the order Ag<Cu<Au and the binding energies are slightly higher for alkynes than for alkenes. Modulation of the electron density at the metal using substituents on the ancillary ligands shows that the π‐back bonding interaction plays a dominant role for the binding in the copper and gold complexes.
Improved thermal–hydraulic performance of a microchannel with hierarchical honeycomb porous ribs
Authors: Wang Man , Zhang Wenqiang , Xin Gongming , Li Fei , Pu Jin Huan , Du Mu
Published: January 2022

Microchannel cooling technology has been proven to be extraordinarily efficient for the removal of heat flux in electronic devices. Here, we numerically investigate the thermal and hydraulic characteristics of microchannels with different shapes of ribs, namely, circular ribs, square ribs, regular ribs, and hierarchical honeycomb ribs. Those ribs are composed of solid and porous media. Results indicate that heat transfer can be promoted by adding different shapes of ribs. Especially, microchannels with hierarchical honeycomb ribs possess the greatest heat transfer capability. Pressure drop (Δp) and friction factor (f) display the largest values when microchannel ribs are hierarchical honeycomb and solid, whereas Δp of the microchannel with hierarchical honeycomb porous ribs dramatically decreases, which achieves an 81.1%–81.7% reduction. Results of j/f show that the microchannel with hierarchical honeycomb porous ribs presents the best comprehensive performance, which is ascribed to the superior heat transfer capability and the low Δp induced by the ultra‐hydrophobic effect.
Cross‐hierarchical plasticity of corticofugal projections to dLGN after neonatal monocular enucleation
Authors: Giasafaki Chrysoula , Grant Eleanor , Hoerder‐Suabedissen Anna , Hayashi Shuichi , Lee Sheena , Molnár Zoltán
Published: January 2022

Perception is the result of interactions between the sensory periphery, thalamus, and cerebral cortex. Inputs from the retina project to the first‐order dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN), which projects to the primary visual cortex (V1). In return, the cortex innervates the thalamus. While layer 6 projections innervate all thalamic nuclei, cortical layer 5 neurons selectively project to the higher order lateral posterior nucleus (LP) and not to dLGN. It has been demonstrated that a subpopulation of layer 5 (Rbp4‐Cre+) projections rewires to dLGN after monocular or binocular enucleation in young postnatal mice. However, the exact cortical regional origin of these projections was not fully determined, and it remained unclear whether these changes persisted into adulthood. In this study, we report gene expression changes observed in the dLGN after monocular enucleation at birth using microarray, qPCR at P6, and in situ hybridization at P8. We report that genes that are normally enriched in dLGN, but not LP during development are preferentially downregulated in dLGN following monocular enucleation. Comparisons with developmental gene expression patters in dLGN suggest more immature and delayed gene expression in enucleated dLGN. Combined tracing and immuno‐histochemical analysis revealed that the induced layer 5 fibers that innervate enucleated dLGN originate from putative primary visual cortex and they retain increased VGluT1+ synapse formation into adulthood. Our results indicate a new form of plasticity when layer 5 driver input takes over the innervation of an originally first‐order thalamic nucleus after early sensory deficit.
Atypical “accelerated” chronic lymphocytic leukemia with abnormal lymphocyte chromatin clumping, bone involvement, and exceptional response to Imbruvica
Authors: Yavorkovsky Leonid L.
Published: January 2022

Background

The “accelerated” chronic lymphocytic leukemia (aCLL) is a relatively rare form of CLL progression. The expanded proliferation centers in aCLL have been associated with adverse prognostic features and propensity to more aggressive behavior with shorter survival.

Case

An atypical case of aCLL with distinct features is described. A 66‐year‐old female presented with a marrow replacing process associated with multiple osseous metastases and trivial lymphadenopathy. Bone biopsy revealed an unspecified low‐grade B cell lymphoproliferative disorder that demonstrated a suboptimal response to standard chemotherapy. Subsequent lymph node biopsy demonstrated findings consisted with aCLL. The distinguishing features of the case were, in addition to bone involvement, the lagging peripheral lymphocytosis and a striking pattern of the chromatin clumping with a prominent “shattered” appearance reminiscent of Pelger‐Huet‐like dysplastic anomaly. A targeted next‐generation sequencing (NGS) assay detected pathogenic mutations in TP53 and SF3B1. In contrast to chemotherapy, the case demonstrated an excellent response to imbruvica.

Conclusion

The noted peculiarities could potentially distinguish this case as a novel, rare variant of aCLL.