bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Get excited, people!”
Authors: Klugman Matthew
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines how sport fansites can be mined by sport historians as “a wonderfully rich resource.” Each week, “thousands, if not millions” of sport fans congregate online to “read, chat, and blog” about their favorite teams. Importantly, these sites exist as free-standing histories produced and consumed voraciously by contributors in collaboration with one another and subject to their own internal rules, protocols, and modes of expression and meaning. As such, engaging with this massive digital archive of fan postings and discussion can offer insight into new communities surrounding sports teams, fantasy engagement, and humor, as well as gendered, racial, and sexualized aspects of spectator sports culture. Indeed, sport fansites provide opportunities to consider questions of sporting memory and popular history.
Stunning Males and Powerful Females
Authors: Sunardi Christina
Published: May 2017

In east Javanese dance traditions like Beskalan and Ngremo, musicians and dancers negotiate gender through performances where males embody femininity and females embody masculinity. This book ventures into the regency of Malang in east Java to study and perform with dancers. Through formal interviews and casual conversation, the author learns about their lives and art. Her work shows how performers continually transform dance traditions to negotiate, and renegotiate, the boundaries of gender and sex—sometimes reinforcing lines of demarcation, sometimes transgressing them, and sometimes doing both simultaneously. But the book's investigation moves beyond performance. It expands notions of the spiritual power associated with female bodies and feminine behavior, and the ways women, men, and waria (male-to-female transvestites) access the magnetic power of femaleness. A journey into understudied regions and ideas, the book reveals how performances seemingly fixed by tradition are instead dynamic environments for cultural negotiation and change surrounding questions of sex and gender.
Conclusion
Authors: Rosario Vanessa Pérez
Published: May 2017

This concluding chapter argues that Julia de Burgos challenged the early twentieth-century dehumanization of modernity with a fixation with authenticity and the cult of personality. In this way, she allowed others to identify with her work and to construct themselves through the process of identification and differentiation. Indeed, at a time when the mainstream media continues to racialize Latino/as toward whiteness and vacate the concept of Latinidad of its political possibilities, poets, writers, activists, musicians, artists, and playwrights call on the memory and legacy of Julia de Burgos to affirm the resilience of communities, connect to place, and imagine new possibilities.
In Small Things Forgotten
Authors: Ekberg Carl J. , Person Sharon K.
Published: May 2017

This chapter describes the daily lives of a broad spectrum of early St. Louis denizens—from the most humble to the most well-to-do—by focusing on their material possessions based on Charles-Joseph Labuxière's inventory. It begins with a snapshot of the lifestyle of Jean Comparios, a longtime French marine who was deployed to Louisiana early during the French and Indian War and posted up the Mississippi to Fort de Chartres, and Marguerite, a black female slave. It then turns to the material things owned by Pierre-François Brunot D'Inglebert Lefebvre Desruisseau and his wife Marguerite La Ferne; Louis Deshêtres and the Deshêtres family; and Jean-Baptiste Hervieux. The chapter discusses marriages, illnesses, and deaths of early St. Louis denizens as well as their material possessions such as houses, clothing, furniture, and household furnishings.
Sexting Panic
Authors: Hasinoff Amy Adele
Published: May 2017

This book illustrates that anxieties about technology and teen girls' sexuality distract from critical questions about how to adapt norms of privacy and consent for new media. Though mobile phones can be used to cause harm, it notes that the criminalization and abstinence policies meant to curb sexting often fail to account for distinctions between consensual sharing and malicious distribution. The book describes sexting as the creation and sharing of personal sexual images or text messages via mobile phones or internet applications, including Facebook, Snapchat, and email. Challenging the idea that sexting inevitably victimizes young women, it argues for recognizing young people's capacity for choice and encourages rethinking the assumption that everything digital is public. The book critiques typical responses to sexting and argues that protecting teens, and girls in particular, from malicious peers and overzealous prosecutors may require recognizing the girls' sexual agency and choices when they sext consensually. The book analyzes the debates about sexting while recommending realistic and nuanced responses.
What Love Is—and Isn’t
Authors: de Beauvoir Simone , Timmermann Marybeth
Published: May 2017

Why do you fall in love? Nothing is more simple. You fall in love because you are young, because you are growing old, because you are old; because spring is fading, because autumn is beginning; from excess energy, from fatigue; from gaiety, from boredom; because someone loves you, because he does not love you. … I find too many answers: perhaps the question is not so simple, after all....
Introduction
Authors: Fallaize Elizabeth
Published: May 2017

Brigitte Bardot seems at first sight an odd choice of subject for the author of Le deuxième sexe.1 Yet Beauvoir had displayed an enthusiasm for film throughout her life; references to films and to film actresses abound in the memoirs, and in Le deuxième sexe...
Introduction
Authors: Picq Françoise
Published: May 2017

In 1949 Simone de Beauvoir was not a feminist activist. She did not believe that feminism had ever been an autonomous movement. Noting in The Second Sex that equality between the sexes had been recognized in the United Nations and that many women had finally had “all the privileges of the human being restored to them” she concluded that “the quarrel about feminism” is “now almost over.”...
Introduction
Authors: Bosse Joanna
Published: May 2017

This book examines the transformative potential of ballroom dance, and especially how it can make anyone become beautiful. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork with a local community of amateur ballroom dancers from the Regent Ballroom and Banquet Center in Savoy, Illinois, the book explores the intersection of notions of beauty and experience—the act of becoming beautiful through performance. It considers the ethnographic trope of becoming beautiful as an “expression” in the sense suggested by Victor Turner and Edward Bruner in their anthropological work on experience. It demonstrates how the contemporary performance of ballroom dance among amateurs generates feelings of positive personal transformation, of becoming beautiful. The book also discusses the dance hall as a social space where disparate groups come together to move in synchrony, along with the ways in which race, class, and gender converge in ballroom dancing. Finally, it provides detailed ethnographic data on the formation of affinity groups.
Interlude
Authors: Bosse Joanna
Published: May 2017

In this interlude, the author describes the events of a typical Friday night social dance at the Regent Ballroom and Banquet Center by sharing her own experience. She narrates how dancers greet each other warmly and tell stories of their week as they change into their dance shoes. The dancers then head to the dance hall. The early minutes of the dance exude a quiet romance not only reserved for newlyweds. The Friday night ballroom dance is date night for many couples in attendance. The author mentions Sylvia, a real estate agent with two adult children, and her husband Jimmy. The two met at the Regent and continue to dance weekly. Their conversations, as well as those of their fellow couples, are littered with loving glances, small gestures of affectionate intimacy, and the kind of good-natured ribbing only spouses can perpetrate. Eventually the room will be filled with 150 or so dancing bodies. Through dancing, they routinely inhabit each other's personal space.
Heroes and Scoundrels
Authors: Ehrlich Matthew C. , Saltzman Joe
Published: May 2017

Whether it's the rule-defying lifer, the sharp-witted female newshound, or the irascible editor in chief, the journalists portrayed in popular culture have shaped our views of the press and its role in a free society since mass culture arose over a century ago. Drawing on portrayals of journalists in television, film, radio, novels, comics, plays, and other media, this book surveys how popular media have depicted the profession across time. The book's creative use of media artifacts provides thought-provoking forays into such fundamental issues as how pop culture mythologizes and demythologizes key events in journalism history and how it confronts issues of race, gender, and sexual orientation on the job. From Network to The Wire, from Lois Lane to Mikael Blomkvist, the book reveals how portrayals of journalism's relationship to history, professionalism, power, image, and war influence our thinking and the very practice of democracy.
Professionalism
Authors: Ehrlich Matthew C. , Saltzman Joe
Published: May 2017

This chapter discusses how popular culture has portrayed professionalism's key tenets. Apart from questioning whether journalists are true professionals (or even should be professionals) scholars have been particularly interested in the role of “objectivity” in journalism and in the practice and philosophy behind journalism ethics. In popular culture, so-called objective reporting is shown to be deeply problematic and is often implicitly equated to a lack of passion and commitment. Still, professional values do have a place as ethical dilemmas are brought to dramatic life and journalists who violate the public trust suffer the consequences of their misdeeds. Indeed, pop culture reinforces many of the critiques of professionalism—hard, cold reality trumps principles taught in school; reportorial objectivity is difficult to achieve; and ethical choices are fraught with unforeseen consequences.
“If You Read Your Bible”
Authors: Fones-Wolf Elizabeth , Fones-Wolf Ken
Published: May 2017

This chapter discusses the popular religiosity of the southern, white, working class, relying heavily on oral histories. Popular religiosity has been the subject of a great deal of debate in the scholarly literature. According to religious historian Charles H. Lippy, popular religiosity exists alongside formal religious belief and practice, but it is also about “the ways in which individuals take religious belief, interpret it in practical terms, and put it to work to do something that will give order and meaning to their lives.” He suggests that Americans have long operated within both sacred and secular realms, each with their own measure of power. For those without power in the material world, access to sacred power can nevertheless give someone “a sense of control, of being able to chart one's own destiny.” That control becomes the key to experiencing happiness and to seeing life as endowed with meaning.
“Out Where the West Begins”
Authors: Gough Peter , Seeger Peggy
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the Music Projects in the states of Nevada, Arizona, and New Mexico. In Arizona and New Mexico, the Music Projects began expeditiously in late 1935 and continued well into the war years—with both ending in the summer of 1943. In Nevada, however, while the Writers' and Art Projects began without a hitch, the Federal Music Project (FMP) commenced several years later following much uncertainty. Perhaps as much as any other section, the FMP programs of the American Southwest accentuated music popular to each particular state; in Arizona and New Mexico, the Mexican orquestas tipicas remained far and away the most highly demanded of all performing units, and the Nevada FMP funded a number of “swing band” ensembles—the only state to support this new music exclusively.
Conclusion
Authors: Gough Peter , Seeger Peggy
Published: May 2017

This chapter argues that while the Federal Music Project (FMP) and WPA Music Program in the American West reflected many of the societal prejudices of the day, it was the New Deal emphasis on inclusion that distinguishes the musical productions within a historical context. Indeed, participation bridged many previous barriers and included black as well as white; men as well as women; poor and not; conservative, liberal, and radical; symphonic orchestras and orquestas tipicas; African American spirituals; folksong; satirical political revues; and the range of musical expression. These cross-cultural presentations most often found origin as grassroots ventures and were encouraged by a presidential administration that enthusiastically embraced its constitutionally mandated responsibility to “promote the general welfare” within a society where each citizen is assured of his or her own pursuit of happiness.
Introduction
Authors: High Casey
Published: May 2017

This book is an ethnographic account of how Waorani people experience and remember past violence and the role these memories have in the context of ongoing social, political, and economic changes in Amazonia today. For centuries outsiders have imagined Amazonia as a place of violence, whether in colonial European accounts of “Amazon warriors,” contemporary ideas about “wild Indians” in South America, or famous studies of “tribal warfare.” In order to understand the experiences of Waorani people today, this book focuses on interethnic relations and the history of Christian missionaries in Amazonian Ecuador. It examines violence not simply in terms of “tribal warfare” or “revenge killing” but as a symbolic practice through which Waorani people today understand themselves, their ancestors, and kowori (non-Waorani people). This introduction provides an overview of the author's fieldwork among the Waorani people as well as the chapters that follow.
Civilized Victims
Authors: High Casey
Published: May 2017

This chapter explores the relationship between historical representations of Waorani and indigenous forms of social memory that define Waorani people as victims or “prey” to violence. To accomplish this task, the chapter draws on the autobiographical narratives of Waorani elders and the place of Waorani concepts of civilización (“civilization”) in such narratives. The Waorani elders' stories about past revenge killings and becoming “civilized” not only describe a time of intense violence but also voice indigenous understandings of what it means to be Waorani and kowori in the context of social transformation. The chapter relates the emphasis on victimhood in Waorani narratives to imagery of Christian martyrdom in missionary writings and in End of the Spear, a Hollywood film about the Palm Beach killings in 1956. By comparing missionary narratives to the stories of indigenous peoples, the chapter reveals the shared and contrasting ways in which Waorani and kowori people represent past violence.
Intimate Others
Authors: High Casey
Published: May 2017

This chapter explores the dynamics of kinship and marriage in Toñampari and what it means for Waorani people to live in a community that incorporates kowori people into household and village life. For many Waorani, the Quichuas are highly desired marriage partners and the primary source of shamanic curing. At the same time, they describe Quichua people as morally different from themselves, as “enemies” who invade Waorani lands and practice powerful assault sorcery. This seemingly paradoxical relationship illustrates the symbolic importance of affinity in transforming interethnic relations in Amazonia. The chapter shows that despite ongoing conflicts that sometimes erupt into interethnic violence, relations with Quichuas and other kowori have an important value for Waorani men and women.
England: The Birthplace of Figure Skating
Authors: Hines James R.
Published: May 2017

This chapter traces the early development of figure skating in England. Topics covered include the publication of the first skating book entitled The Art of Skating by Robert Jones in 1772; the first skating club, Edinburgh Skating Club; one of the earliest and most important books about skating, George Anderson's The Art of Skating, dating from 1852 and published under the pen name Cyclos; founding of the London Skating Club in 1830; the development of the English style of skating and new turns and figures; the advent of combined skating; the development of speed skating in the agricultural area of the fen country north of London; and establishment of the National Skating Association in 1879.
The Dynamic Seventies
Authors: Hines James R.
Published: May 2017

No other decade in the history of figure skating includes a longer list of World champions than the 1970s. Fifteen skaters, seven men and eight ladies, took those honors, with only two from each discipline repeating. Pair skating, however, was dominated almost completely by one skater, the incomparable Irina Rodnina, who with two partners won ten World Championships and three Olympic gold medals. In ice dancing, three couples won World titles, and one became the discipline's first Olympic gold medalists as well. This chapter profiles these exceptional skaters which include Ondrej Nepela (1951–89) of Czechoslovakia, Robin Cousins (b. 1957) of Britain, Toller Cranston (b. 1949) of Canada, Beatrix “Trixi” Schuba (b. 1951) of Austria, and Dorothy Hamill (b. 1956) of the United States.
The Power of the Air
Authors: Hicks Michael
Published: May 2017

This chapter discusses the activities of the Mormon Tabernacle Choir under conductor Anthony Lund, with particular emphasis on its foray into broadcasting. In October 1915, the Salt Lake Telegram reported that Evan Stephens was being fired. A high Church committee, it said, had notified the First Presidency that it was time for Stephens to go in favor of a younger and presumably more flexible, less autocratic man. Lund was chosen as the new conductor, with Brigham Cecil Gates as his assistant. This chapter first considers Stephens's resignation as Choir conductor before describing Lund's initiatives for the Choir. It also looks at the Choir's repertoire and recordings as well as its television and radio broadcasts. Finally, it cites the appointment of Spencer Cornwall as Lund's successor.
Antoni A. Paryski
Authors: Jaroszyńska-Kirchmann Anna D.
Published: May 2017

This chapter traces Paryski's years in Poland and the influences which shaped him as a person, including the ideals of Polish Positivism, as well as motivations for his departure from Poland. It follows Paryski through his turbulent and surprising early years in America, during his search for employment and development of his views regarding labor unions, socialism, and politics in the United States. The chapter closes with Paryski establishing his publishing empire, complete with Ameryka-Echo. Paryski's years in Poland, and his first steps in the United States and in Polonia in the tumultuous decades of the 1880s and 1890s, revealed a personality that some might describe as thoroughly American: independent, driven by ambition, hard-working and risk-taking, dynamic, optimistic, resourceful, and confident.
“Move On Up a Little Higher”
Authors: Marovich Robert M.
Published: May 2017

This chapter focuses on the explosion of gospel music recording in Chicago during the 1940s. One of the first Chicago gospel singers to record for an indie label in the immediate postwar period was Brother John Sellers. Meanwhile, his mentor, Mahalia Jackson, recorded the song “Move on Up a Little Higher,” for Apollo Records. This chapter examines some of the recordings made by Chicago gospel artists for Apollo Records, including the Roberta Martin Singers' “Old Ship of Zion,” as well as those by independent Chicago-based record companies like Hy-Tone Records. It also discusses the recordings of Rev. John Branham and the St. Paul Echoes of Eden Choir, Sallie Martin, and Louis Henry Ford and the St. Paul Church of God in Christ Choir. Finally, it considers the broadcasts of the Greater Harvest Baptist Church and the Forty-Fourth Street Baptist Church; the 1948 National Baptist Music Convention held in Houston, Texas; the Argo Singers; and gospel singing during the Religious Festival of Song, part of Chicago's annual Bud Billiken Parade.
One of These Mornings
Authors: Marovich Robert M.
Published: May 2017

This chapter discusses the transition in Chicago gospel music that began before the 1959 Detroit Invasion and continued until the late twentieth century. It first recounts the deaths of Roberta Martin and Mahalia Jackson, considered to be emblematic of the fading of the traditional sound in gospel music. It then looks at gospel groups that extended and broadened their reputation well into the 1980s, including the Christian Tabernacle Concert Choir, the Thompson Community Singers, and the Cosmopolitan Church of Prayer Choir. It also examines the rise of new community choirs in Chicago during the 1980s and 1990s, along with other significant developments like the first Stellar Gospel Music Awards, accolades for gospel pioneers, gospel festivals, and the deaths of some gospel greats including Sallie Martin, James Cleveland, and Thomas A. Dorsey. The chapter concludes by highlighting signs that Chicago is beginning to recapture the sacred music supremacy it lost to California in the 1970s.
Urbanization of Cantonese Opera
Authors: Ng Wing Chung
Published: May 2017

This chapter details the urban shift of Cantonese opera after the turn of the century, when a new kind of troupe came into being. These were the famous Sheng Gang ban, so named because these companies (ban) performed almost exclusively in the theaters of the twin cities in South China. The first part traces the process of urbanization to two developments underlying the formation of Sheng Gang ban: the beginning of commercial theater houses in Hong Kong and Guangzhou, and the involvement of merchant capital in the theater business in the form of an opera business house ( xiban gongsi). The second half of the chapter offers a close-up analysis of these Sheng Gang troupes, from 1919 to the outbreak of the General Strike in Hong Kong in the summer of 1923. Available information, especially in daily newspaper advertisements, allows us to put together a detailed picture of these opera troupes for the first time. The records show a dynamic performance community that undertook ongoing adaptation to the urban milieu, and they enable us to appraise the major aesthetic, business, and institutional outcomes.
The State, Public Order, and Local Theater in South China
Authors: Ng Wing Chung
Published: May 2017

This chapter explores the theater as a site of chaos and unruly behavior, and examines the role of the state in managing the Cantonese opera theater as a public space. It considers the many scars of physical violence borne by the opera community, some inflicted from the outside, and others occasioned by eruptions of factionalism. The division from within became chronic especially in the mid-1920s when politics in Guangzhou took a radical turn. This development was no small irony in an age of state-building when different government authorities—including the British in colonial Hong Kong, the successive warlord regimes in control of South China, and the Chinese Nationalist government after 1927—all, to various degrees, sought to police the theater and assert control in the interest of mobilization, discipline, and order.
Theater as Transnational Business
Authors: Ng Wing Chung
Published: May 2017

This chapter draws on archival material from Vancouver, Canada, to examine the business operation behind the Chinatown stage. The focus on the operational side of Cantonese opera as a Chinatown-based transnational business dovetails with the institutional approach and emphases in the other parts of the book. Especially with regard to North America, the findings on the performing itineraries of actors and actresses, and the underlying commercial and social networks that supported such mobility, not only illustrate the dynamic quality of transnational theater, but provide testimony to the historical agency of the migrant communities often overlooked in the circumscribed environment of Chinatown during the exclusion era. Chinatown theater may seem elusive as a subject of historical analysis, but it was indeed a most demonstrably transnational undertaking in the diaspora experience of these migrants.
Information Freedom and U.S. Foreign Policy: A History
Authors: Powers Shawn M. , Jablonski Michael
Published: May 2017

This chapter traces the history of U.S. information policy, focusing on four illustrative case studies that reveal a consistent pattern of utilizing a narrative of the freedom of information to bypass state boundaries and sovereignty. After discussing the connection between information and commerce, the chapter considers each case in more detail. The first case examines the U.S. challenge to British communications hegemony in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries; the second explores the view that U.S.-backed ventures to build up underdeveloped countries constituted a policy of creating new markets for U.S. products; the third focuses on the use of international structures such as the International Telecommunications Union and UNESCO by developing countries to assert grievances arising from a misbalance of power in world communication structures; and the fourth case deals with the formation of ICANN as a U.S. policy. This chapter links the debates over international communication to geopolitics, highlighting the various ways international institutions and partnerships are leveraged, selectively, to support American foreign policy goals.
The Economics of Internet Connectivity
Authors: Powers Shawn M. , Jablonski Michael
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the link between information commodification and structuration by focusing on the economics of internet connectivity and the fight over which international institutions are responsible for the regulation of digital information flows. It also discusses the uneven relationship between connectivity and economic growth as well as the economic motivations behind criticism of the International Telecommunication Union's (ITU) potential role in internet governance. The chapter first considers how the U.S. government, with the aid of the private sector, wired the world and profited handsomely as a result. It then explains how economies of scale strongly favor established actors in the Internet economy, challenging the idea that increased connectivity is equally profitable for all. It also looks at the controversy surrounding the World Conference on International Telecommunications (WCIT), with particular emphasis on how the negotiations were shaped by economic concerns. Finally, it describes economic externalities, the basis for a “network effect” theory, and suggests an alternative framing to the neoliberal, modernization, and “information sovereignty” discourses that often dominate debates surrounding internet governance.
Death and Dying in the Working Class, 1865-1920
Authors: Rosenow Michael K.
Published: May 2017

The post-Civil War Industrial Age brought fundamental changes to the economy and its workers, forcing Americans to reassess the meaning of life and death. This illuminating study of working-class rituals of dying and the politics of death explores how Americans struggled to understand the broader forces transforming their worlds. The book investigates working people's beliefs, rituals of death and dying, and the politics of death by honing in on three overarching questions: How did workers, their families, and their communities experience death? Did various identities of class, race, gender, and religion coalesce to form distinct cultures of death for working people? And how did people's attitudes toward death reflect notions of who mattered in U.S. society? Drawing from an eclectic array of sources ranging from Andrew Carnegie to grave markers in Chicago's potter's field, the book portrays the complex political, social, and cultural relationships that fueled the United States' industrial ascent. The result is an undertaking that adds emotional depth to existing history while challenging our understanding of modes of cultural transmission.
Introduction
Authors: Rosenow Michael K.
Published: May 2017

This book examines the rituals of dying and the politics of death among the working class during the period 1865–1920. It considers how wageworkers and their families experienced death in the United States between the Civil War and the end of World War I by focusing on John Henry—one of the hundreds of thousands of workers who died in service to industrialization—and the lack of surviving accounts about what happened to his dead body. The book draws on case studies to investigate how workers used the rituals of death to interpret, accommodate, and resist their living and working conditions; the ways social class shaped Americans' attitudes toward death; and the social and cultural contexts that shaped interpretations of workers' deaths resulting from work accidents. The book shows how rituals of death reflected the ways that working communities articulated beliefs about family, community, and class and negotiated social relationships—how common people interpreted their roles in the industrial republic.
As Close to Hell as They Hoped to Get
Authors: Rosenow Michael K.
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the steelworkers' experiences with death and dying in western Pennsylvania, and more specifically in Monongahela Valley, during the period 1892–1919. It begins by recounting the Homestead strike of 1892, which pitted the wealthy owners of the Carnegie Steel Company against the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers. It then considers other factors that shaped steelworkers' experiences with death after the defeat at Homestead, including work life and life outside of work. It also explores the responses of steelworkers and their families to death, focusing on their creation of networks of mutual aid by turning to religious and secular fraternal societies to help care for the sick and bury the dead. It also discusses the McKees Rocks strike of 1909 and the themes of death and dignity that defined it before concluding with a look at the story of steelman Joe Magarac and its similarities to steelworkers' experiences in turn-of-the-century steel mills. The steelworkers' rituals of death and dying suggests that death provided a key place where they nurtured spirits of resistance.
An Overview of the Hearings
Authors: Surdam David George
Published: May 2017

This chapter provides an overview of the hearings conducted by Congress in the wake of player unrest after World War II and growing demand for new baseball franchises. The Congressional hearings began in 1951, when Emanuel Celler (N.Y.), chair of the House Subcommittee on Anti-trust and Monopoly, initiated an inquiry into Major League Baseball (MLB). For the first hearings, Celler told reporters that the committee's purpose was to “help baseball against itself.” During the hearings, few of the legislators impressed with their savvy. Some did not appear to understand the testimony. On occasion a few made dubious comments. The hearings occasionally lapsed into farce. The chapter considers sports owners' reluctance to release their financial records as well as professional sports leagues' search for antitrust exemptions.
Symphonic Striving
Authors: Beal Amy C.
Published: May 2017

This chapter discusses Beyer's works for large ensembles, from her nine-instrument March of 1935 to her full-orchestra Symphonic Movement II of 1941. Seven of these works were for the forces of the Romantic orchestra, with enhanced percussion sections. Until recently, Beyer's Fragment for Chamber Orchestra (January 1937) was her only orchestral piece that had ever been performed. It was premiered by the Ensemble Resonanz and recorded live by Westdeutscher Rundfunk during a festival in Cologne, Germany, in 1999. Soon after Fragment for Chamber Orchestra, Beyer composed her first work for full orchestra, the four-movement Symphonic Suite (January–July 1937), which the composer estimated to be about twenty-four minutes long. Beyer's remaining orchestral works include the Symphonic Movement I (1939), Symphonic Suites 1 and 2, the four-movement Symphonic Op. 3 (1939), the three-movement Symphonic Op. 5 (1940), and CYRNAB (1937).
Embodied Protests
Authors: Tapias Maria
Published: May 2017

This book examines how Bolivia's hesitant courtship with globalization manifested in the visceral and emotional diseases that afflicted many of its women. Drawing on case studies conducted among market- and working-class women in the provincial town of Punata, the book examines how headaches and debilidad, so-called normal bouts of infant diarrhea, and the malaise oppressing whole communities were symptomatic of profound social suffering. The book approaches the narratives of emotional distress caused by poverty, domestic violence, and the failure of social networks as constituting the knowledge that shaped their understandings of well-being. At the crux of the analysis is the idea that individual health perceptions, actions, and practices cannot be separated from local cultural narratives or from global and economic forces. Evocative and compassionate, the book gives voice to the human costs of the ongoing neoliberal experiment.
Neoliberalism on the Ground
Authors: Tapias Maria
Published: May 2017

This chapter describes the political, economic, and social landscapes against which different emotions and experiences of illness unfolded in Punata and affected local women in a variety of negative ways. In particular, it examines how neoliberalism unfolded in Bolivia and the economic strategies people deployed to help mitigate the effects of neoliberal reforms, such as international migration to Argentina, Spain, and other countries. The chapter first provides an overview of neoliberalism in the Bolivian context before discussing the effects of neoliberalism on the ground, including its impact on the coca/cocaine industry. It then considers the ways in which many families confronted the challenge of “making ends meet” in a stagnant economy, such as turning to emigration to seek income-generating possibilities abroad. It also explores the implications of the economic and political reforms for sociability and the social self in Bolivia.
Anxious Ambitions and the Financing of Tranquility
Authors: Tapias Maria
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the uneven terrain of economic success in Punata by focusing on the experiences of members of a group of more prosperous career chola and mestiza market women. In particular, it explores how these women sought to mitigate their fears of envy and sorcery through their religious devotion to an image of Saint James known as “Tata Bombori,” regarded as the patron saint of healers and sorcerers. The chapter begins with a discussion of how concerns about envy and sorcery and the risks they pose to health influenced local embodied understandings of emotional distress in Punata. It then considers the negative connotations of ambition and how public displays of ambition were viewed with ambivalence in Punata. It also provides an overview of the religious pilgrimage to Bombori and its accompanying rituals, showing that devotees perceived it as a way to obtain protection for their entrepreneurial activities as well as an “investment” toward future tranquility.
To Quiet the Roar of the Mob
Authors: Mack Adam
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the saga of George M. Pullman's “model town,” which he originally envisioned as a way to reform the senses of the working classes and achieve a peaceful and sustainable solution to the labor problem. With his construction of a model town, Pullman believed he could tame the sensory values of his workers by promoting “self-restraint” and the refinement of “coarse tastes.” In the end, however, Pullman's effort to regulate workers' sensory lives yielded resentment that culminated in a railroad strike in 1894. This chapter first discusses the Great Railroad Strike of 1877 and how it raised concerns about a radical mob bent on stifling—even reversing—Chicago's economic modernization. It then considers Pullman's ambitious plan to build a corporate town south of the city that would retrain workers' senses to ease the conflict between labor and capital without sacrificing the bottomline of his Palace Car Company. The chapter concludes with an analysis of the Pullman Strike of 1894 sparked by suffering and discontent in the model town.
Sensory Refreshment
Authors: Mack Adam
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines Joseph Beifeld's attempts to create a respectable amusement park that he envisioned would enhance Chicago's civic health by rejuvenating the senses of its residents. White City represented an effort by nineteenth-century cultural elites to lift up the sensibilities of the working and middle classes by surrounding them with beautifully designed spaces. According to Beifeld, his White City amusement park was a commercial venture based on “humanitarian principles.” The goal had less to do with turning a profit and more to do with raising social and cultural standards for political purposes. After the park's first few seasons that began in 1905, however, Beifeld's uplifting vision faded. This chapter considers why Beifeld's amusement park did not flourish and concludes with a discussion of Jane Addams's claim that Chicago's commercial culture debased the senses of young people and thus degraded their character.
Introduction
Authors: Threat Charissa J.
Published: May 2017

This book examines the battles over race and gender discrimination and social justice by linking the civil rights story of the Army Nurse Corps (ANC) to critical events in the United States between World War II and the Vietnam War. Using the microcosm of military nursing, it considers how agents of change became defenders of exclusionary practices when some of the same women who challenged their exclusion from the military or civilian nursing profession, or those who had gained considerable status within the profession, were unwilling to extend the opportunities to men who sought out military nursing careers. The book also explores the connection between the campaigns to integrate the ANC and the domestic and international anxieties during the Cold War by suggesting that anticommunism both hindered and supported the prospect for gender and race equality within the ANC and, by extension, civilian society.
Listening to the Glazier’s Cry
Authors: Boutin Aimée
Published: May 2017

This chapter draws on a network of discourses including the picturesque and flâneur-writing, panoramic literature on the Cris, and reflections on populist song, in order to show how different writers harmonized the glazier's cry into poetic prose. It compares Arsène Houssaye's “La Chanson du vitrier” and Charles Baudelaire's “Le Mauvais Vitrier”. It shows how Houssaye's transcriptions of the glazier's cry and his use of the cry as refrain relate to efforts by musicians such as Mainzer and Kastner to document the cry for posterity. Houssaye harmonizes the cry to exploit its pathos and, in tandem with Nerval, Gautier, or Dupont, he seeks to achieve an authenticity through the transposition of song. In contrast, Baudelaire espouses dissonance in “Le Mauvais vitrier” and evokes the sinister and demonic effects of strident noise.
The Social Worlds of Nineteenth-Century Chamber Music
Authors: Lott Marie Sumner
Published: May 2017

This book examines the music available to musical consumers in the nineteenth century, and what that music tells us about their tastes, priorities, and activities. The book's social history of chamber music performance places the works of canonic composers such as Schubert, Brahms, and Dvořák in relation to lesser-known but influential peers. The book explores the dynamic relationships among the active agents involved in the creation of Romantic music and shows how each influenced the others' choices in a rich, collaborative environment. In addition to documenting the ways companies acquired and marketed sheet music, the book reveals how the publication and performance of chamber music differed from that of ephemeral piano and song genres or more monumental orchestral and operatic works. Several distinct niche markets existed within the audience for chamber music, and composers created new musical works for their use and enjoyment. The book revises prevailing views of middle-class influence on nineteenth-century musical style and presents new methods for interpreting the meanings of musical works for musicians both past and present.
Consuming (Post)Colonial Culture
Authors: Caronan Faye
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines how travel guides and ethnic novels, despite being mainstream cultural representations, reproduce hegemonic narratives of U.S. exceptionalism by enabling consumers to experience the “authentic” postcolonial other. It analyzes three different sets of texts that all serve to deliver the colonized other to a mainstream U.S. public that is specific to its particular historical context: Our Islands and Their People (1899), the popular travel guide Lonely Planet: Philippines and Lonely Planet: Puerto Rico, and the novels Dogeaters (by Jessica Hagedorn) and América's Dream (by Esmeralda Santiago). The chapter shows how these novels and travelogues reproduce narratives of U.S. exceptionalism and affirm U.S. global power independently, without overt ties to the U.S. government. It argues that the ethnic novel delivers the postcolonial other for consumption by a mainstream U.S. audience while the travel guide recommends how best to consume the postcolonial nation.
Making Photography Matter
Authors: Finnegan Cara A.
Published: May 2017

Photography became a dominant medium in cultural life starting in the late nineteenth century. As it happened, viewers increasingly used their reactions to photographs to comment on and debate public issues as vital as war, national identity, and citizenship. This book analyzes a wealth of newspaper and magazine articles, letters to the editor, trial testimony, books, and speeches produced by viewers in response to specific photos they encountered in public. From the portrait of a young Abraham Lincoln to images of child laborers and Depression-era hardship, the book treats the photograph as a locus for viewer engagement and constructs a history of photography's viewers that shows how Americans used words about images to participate in the politics of their day. As the book shows, encounters with photography helped viewers negotiate the emergent anxieties and crises of U.S. public life not only through persuasion but also action.
Recognizing Lincoln
Authors: Finnegan Cara A.
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines how viewers in the late nineteenth century made sense of a photograph of Abraham Lincoln, published by McClure's magazine thirty years after his assassination. Revealed to the American public in 1895, nearly five decades after its creation, the daguerreotype reproduction featured a Lincoln few had seen before: a thirty-something, well-groomed, middle-class gentleman. In order to understand viewers' readings of the Lincoln portrait, the chapter investigates portrait photography in relation to the discourses of phrenology and physiognomy. It shows that viewers treated the Lincoln portrait as a vehicle for the exploration of its subject's character. Based on their responses, the viewers saw in the image not only a Lincoln they recognized physically but one whose psychology and morality they recognized as well. Those who composed responses to the McClure's photograph tapped into powerful myths about Lincoln that circulated during the late nineteenth century.
Managing the Magnitude of the Great Depression
Authors: Finnegan Cara A.
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines viewer responses to the Farm Security Administration (FSA) exhibit at the First International Photographic Exposition, held at the Grand Central Palace in New York City from April 18 through 24, 1938. The First International Photographic Exposition featured more than 3,000 photographs representing all genres of photography. As the organizing committee wrote in its introduction to the catalog of exhibits and programs, “Photography today is the most catholic of the applied sciences and the livest of the arts. Lucid in its application, universal in its appeal, it is making America a picture-minded people—a people in whom the visual sense grows increasingly more dominant as an educational and emotional influence.” This chapter first describes 1930s photography and Americans' picture-mindedness before discussing viewer comments on the FSA exhibit. It shows that those comments offer insight into how viewers responded to the immediate reading problem posed by the FSA photographs: how to make sense of images of want at a time of economic, political, and social crisis in the United States.
Fannie Bloomfield-Zeisler
Authors: Macleod Beth Abelson
Published: May 2017

One of the foremost piano virtuosi of her time, Fannie Bloomfield-Zeisler reliably filled Carnegie Hall. As a “new woman,” she simultaneously embraced family life and forged an independent career built around a repertoire of the German music she tirelessly championed. Yet after her death she faded into obscurity. This first book-length biography reintroduces a figure long, and unjustly, overlooked by music history. Trained in Vienna, Bloomfield-Zeisler significantly advanced the development of classical music in the United States. Her powerful and sensitive performances, both in piano recitals and with major orchestras, won her followers across the United States and Europe and often provided her American audiences with their first exposure to the pieces she played. The European-style salon in her Chicago home welcomed musicians, scientists, authors, artists, and politicians, while her marriage to attorney Sigmund Zeisler placed her at the center of a historical moment when he defended the anarchists in the 1886 Haymarket trial. In its re-creation of a musical and social milieu, the book paints a vivid portrait of a dynamic artistic life.
Establishing a Career
Authors: Macleod Beth Abelson
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the state of classical music in the United States in the late nineteenth century as well as Fannie Bloomfield's first attempts to establish a career as a pianist during that time. It first describes the European ensembles that toured the United States beginning in midcentury, such as the Germania Musical Society, and the European virtuosos who barnstormed the country. It then considers Theodore Thomas's role in promoting an interest in classical music, and especially how he helped further Bloomfield's career. It also discusses the impediments to women's success as virtuosos, including the assumption that women were incapable of interpreting the likes of composers considered to be “virile,” such as Ludwig van Beethoven and Edvard Grieg. The chapter concludes with an assessment of Bloomfield's audition with Thomas; her initial failure to present a New York debut; her career-altering contract with the Wm. Knabe & Co.; her subsequent debut performances in Chicago and New York; and her marriage to Sigmund Zeisler in 1885.