bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inflows, Outflows, and a Giant Donor in the Remarkable Recurrent Nova M31N 2008-12a?—Hubble Space Telescope Photometry of the 2015 Eruption
Authors: Darnley M. J. , Hounsell R. , Godon P. , Perley D. A. , Henze M. , Kuin N. P. M. , Williams B. F. , Williams S. C. , Bode M. F. , Harman D. J. , Hornoch K. , Link M. , Ness J.-U. , Ribeiro V. A. R. M. , Sion E. M. , Shafter A. W. , Shara M. M.
Published: November 2017

The recurrent nova M31N 2008-12a experiences annual eruptions, contains a near-Chandrasekhar-mass white dwarf, and has the largest mass accretion rate in any nova system. In this paper, we present Hubble Space Telescope (HST) WFC3/UVIS photometry of the late decline of the 2015 eruption. We couple these new data with archival HST observations of the quiescent system and Keck spectroscopy of the 2014 eruption. The late-time photometry reveals a rapid decline to a minimum luminosity state, before a possible recovery/rebrightening in the run up to the next eruption. Comparison with accretion disk models supports the survival of the accretion disk during the eruptions, and uncovers a quiescent disk mass accretion rate of the order of

10

−
6

M

⊙

yr

−
1

, which may rise beyond

10

−
5

M

⊙

yr

−
1

during the super-soft source phase—both of which could be problematic for a number of well-established nova eruption models. Such large accretion rates, close to the Eddington limit, might be expected to be accompanied by additional mass loss from the disk through a wind and even through collimated outflows. The archival HST observations, combined with the disk modeling, provide the first constraints on the mass donor:

L

donor

=

103

−
11

+
12

L

⊙

,

R

donor

=

14.14

−
0.47

+
0.46

R

⊙

, and

T

eff
,
donor

=
4890
±
110

K, which may be consistent with an irradiated M31 red-clump star. Such a donor would require a system orbital period 

≳
5

days. Our updated analysis predicts that the M31N 2008-12a WD could reach the Chandrasekhar mass in

<
20

kyr.
Probing Subsurface Flows in NOAA Active Region 12192: Comparison with NOAA 10486
Authors: Jain Kiran , Tripathy S. C. , Hill F.
Published: November 2017

NOAA Active Region (AR) 12192 is the biggest AR observed in solar cycle 24 so far. This was a long-lived AR that survived for four Carrington rotations (CRs) and exhibited several unusual phenomena. We measure the horizontal subsurface flows in this AR in multiple rotations using the ring-diagram technique of local helioseismology and the Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG+) Dopplergrams, and we investigate how different was the plasma flow in AR 12192 from that in AR 10486. Both regions produced several high M- and X-class flares, but they had different coronal mass ejection (CME) productivity. Our analysis suggests that these ARs had unusually large horizontal flow amplitude with distinctly different directions. While meridional flow in AR 12192 was poleward that supports the flux transport to poles, it was equatorward in AR 10486. Furthermore, there was a sudden increase in the magnitude of estimated zonal flow in shallow layers in AR 12192 during the X3.1 flare; however, it reversed direction in AR 10486 with the X17.2 flare. These flow patterns produced strong twists in horizontal velocity with depth in AR 10486 that persisted throughout the disk passage, as opposed to AR 12192, which produced a twist only after the eruption of the X3.1 flare that disappeared soon after. Our study indicates that the sunspot rotation combined with the reorganization of magnetic field in AR 10486 was not sufficient to decrease the flow energy even after several large flares that might have triggered CMEs. Furthermore, in the absence of sunspot rotation in AR 12192, this reorganization of magnetic field contributed significantly to the substantial release of flow energy after the X3.1 flare.
Transport Properties of the Azimuthal Magnetorotational Instability
Authors: Guseva Anna , Willis Ashley P. , Hollerbach Rainer , Avila Marc
Published: November 2017

The magnetorotational instability (MRI) is thought to be a powerful source of turbulence in Keplerian accretion disks. Motivated by recent laboratory experiments, we study the MRI driven by an azimuthal magnetic field in an electrically conducting fluid sheared between two concentric rotating cylinders. By adjusting the rotation rates of the cylinders, we approximate angular velocity profiles

. We perform direct numerical simulations of a steep profile close to the Rayleigh line

and a quasi-Keplerian profile

and cover wide ranges of Reynolds (

) and magnetic Prandtl numbers (

). In the quasi-Keplerian case, the onset of instability depends on the magnetic Reynolds number, with

, and angular momentum transport scales as

in the turbulent regime. The ratio of Maxwell to Reynolds stresses is set by Rm. At the onset of instability both stresses have similar magnitude, whereas the Reynolds stress vanishes or becomes even negative as Rm increases. For the profile close to the Rayleigh line, the instability shares these properties as long as

but exhibits a markedly different character if

, where the onset of instability is governed by the Reynolds number, with

, and transport is via Reynolds stresses and scales as Re2. At intermediate Pm = 0.01 we observe a continuous transition from one regime to the other, with a crossover at

. Our results give a comprehensive picture of angular momentum transport of the MRI with an imposed azimuthal field.
Physical Properties of 15 Quasars at z ≳ 6.5
Authors: Mazzucchelli C. , Bañados E. , Venemans B. P. , Decarli R. , Farina E. P. , Walter F. , Eilers A.-C. , Rix H.-W. , Simcoe R. , Stern D. , Fan X. , Schlafly E. , Rosa G. De , Hennawi J. , Chambers K. C. , Greiner J. , Burgett W. , Draper P. W. , Kaiser N. , Kudritzki R.-P. , Magnier E. , Metcalfe N. , Waters C. , Wainscoat R. J.
Published: November 2017

Quasars are galaxies hosting accreting supermassive black holes; due to their brightness, they are unique probes of the early universe. To date, only a few quasars have been reported at

(<800 Myr after the big bang). In this work, we present six additional

quasars discovered using the Pan-STARRS1 survey. We use a sample of 15

quasars to perform a homogeneous and comprehensive analysis of this highest-redshift quasar population. We report four main results: (1) the majority of

quasars show large blueshifts of the broad C iv
λ1549 emission line compared to the systemic redshift of the quasars, with a median value ∼3× higher than a quasar sample at

; (2) we estimate the quasars’ black hole masses (

(0.3–5) × 109
M
⊙) via modeling of the Mg ii
λ2798 emission line and rest-frame UV continuum and find that quasars at high redshift accrete their material (with

) at a rate comparable to a luminosity-matched sample at lower redshift, albeit with significant scatter (0.4 dex); (3) we recover no evolution of the Fe ii/Mg ii abundance ratio with cosmic time; and (4) we derive near-zone sizes and, together with measurements for

quasars from recent work, confirm a shallow evolution of the decreasing quasar near-zone sizes with redshift. Finally, we present new millimeter observations of the [C ii] 158 μm emission line and underlying dust continuum from NOEMA for four quasars and provide new accurate redshifts and [C ii]/infrared luminosity estimates. The analysis presented here shows the large range of properties of the most distant quasars.
In silico identification of cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes encoded by RD5 region of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Zhao Jun-Wei , Yan Min , Shi Guang , Zhang Shu-Lin , Ming Liang
Published: November 2017

Introduction: While CD8+ T cells (cytotoxic T lymphocytes, CTLs) play important roles in immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, only a small number of human leukocyte differentiation antigen (HLA) class I-restricted CTL epitopes for TB have been identified. The current study evaluates CTL epitopes of Rv3117 and Rv3120 proteins, two newly found M. tuberculosis region-diffference-5 (RD5)-encoded antigens, and their population coverage.

Methodology: The amino acid sequences of the two proteins were subjected to epitope analysis under HLA-A2, A3 and B7 supertype restriction using NetCTL, SYFPEITHI, BIMAS, NetCTLPan, IEDB, NetMHC and NetMHCPan prediction online servers.

Results: Eight RD5-encoded CTL epitopes were identified in the two proteins and the average population coverage of these epitopes was 87.2% among populations worldwide.

Conclusion: These CTL epitopes that were identified in silico and may have potential use for CD8+ T cell-mediated TB vaccine design.
Analysis of HbsAg positivity rate before and after vaccination in Turkish and Syrian refugee pregnant women
Authors: İnci Ayşe , Yıldırım Doğukan , Seçkin Kerem Doğa , Gedikbaşı Ali
Published: November 2017

Introduction: In this study, we aimed to investigate the vaccination rate in Turkish and Syrian pregnant women who gave birth in our hospital, research the difference before and after vaccination, compare these results with other studies conducted in our country and be beneficial to physicians in the follow up of this patient group, who we started to encounter rather frequently in recent months.

Methodology: The data of pregnant women who were referred to Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Education and Research Hospital between January and December 2015 were retrospectively investigated.

Results: A total of 4186 pregnant women, 2158 of Syrian and 2028 of Turkish, were included in this study. The rate of hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg) positivity was 1.4% among all pregnant women. This value was found to be 1.8% among Turkish women and 1.1% among Syrian women. Evaluation of age distribution showed that there were 30 Turkish pregnant women born after the inclusion of vaccine into the program (1998 and later), of which one was HbsAg positive. While out of 958 Syrian women born in 1991 and later, 10 were HbsAg positive.

Conclusion: This study shows that the surveillance of hepatitis among pregnant women, including refugees and locals is important to protect fetus and guide in planning of preventive measures such as administration of vaccines and immunoglobulins. Timely prevention may decrease morbidity and mortality caused by hepatitis viruses.
Antimicrobial resistance and integrons of ESBL-producing thermotolerant coliforms from a water reservoir in Tai'an, China
Authors: Zhang Hongna , Zhao Xiaonan , Zhai Zhenzhen , Li Qing , Guo Shuyuan , Chang Weishan
Published: November 2017

Introduction: The contamination of water environments by extended-spectrum β-lactamases-producing thermotolerant coliforms (ESBL-TC) has aroused public concern. However, little epidemiological data on ESBL-TC isolates from water reservoirs is available in China.

Methodology: This study was designed to investigate antibiotic resistance, bla gene types, and the presence of integrons (class 1, 2, and 3) and gene cassettes in ESBL-TC isolated from the Huangqian Reservoir of Tai'an, China.

Results: A total of 96 non-duplicate ESBL-TC were obtained in this study and the ESBL genes included blaCTX-M-14 (n = 47), blaCTX-M-15 (n = 27), blaCTX-M-55 (n = 18), blaSHV-12 (n = 4), blaCTX-M-3 (n = 3), and blaCTX-M-123 (n = 1). Eighty-three of the ninety-six ESBL-TC contained class 1 integrons (86.5%), and 2 isolates harbored class 2 integrons. The sizes of gene cassette regions within integrons were ranged from 0.2 kb to 3.2 kb.

Conclusions: The findings of this study indicated the widespread presence of ESBL-TC strains in the Huangqian Reservoir and spotlighted the potential role of water bodies as reservoirs for antibiotic resistant genes.
Influenza infections in the 2014–2015 season and pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Ersoy Ali Ozgur , Unlu Serpil , Oztas Efser , Ozler Sibel , Uygur Dilek , Yucel Aykan
Published: November 2017

Introduction: The most recent influenza season saw a prominent infectious burden over a period of six months in the Turkish capital, reminding observers of the pandemic in 2009 year. The aim of the present study was to investigate the consequences of seasonal outbreaks in pregnant women during the 2014–2015 influenza season.

Methodology: Forty-seven pregnant female patients with symptoms of influenza-like illness who were admitted to tertiary perinatal care center in Ankara, Tukrey, between October 2014 and May 2015 were included in this case-control study. The subtype determination of influenza was performed with real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing. Clinical observations and pregnancy outcomes were compared with respect to subtypes.

Results: Classifications were available for 35 patients, of whom 12 were determined to have influenza A infection, while 10 had influenza B infection. The remaining 13 patients were influenza-negative. Eight of the 22 (36.4%) influenza-positive patients delivered their babies in the preterm period (< 37 weeks). The corresponding rate was 8.3% (1/12) in the influenza-negative group. This difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.077).

Conclusions: Preterm deliveries in pregnant women did not differ significantly among influenza-postive and influenza-negative pregnant women in non-vaccinated study population. Further studies with larger sample sizes may provide more supporting results.
Typhoid perforation in children: an unrelenting plague in developing countries
Authors: Usang Usang Edet , Inyang Akan Wilson , Nwachukwku Ijeoma Esther , Emehute John-Daniel Chibueze
Published: November 2017

Introduction: Despite global scientific development, typhoid fever and subsequent typhoid perforation have continued to be common in developing countries. The aim of this study was to re-evaluate the pattern of presentation and management outcomes as well as morbidity and mortality of typhoid perforation among children.

Methodology: Children aged 15 years and under with clinical diagnosis of typhoid perforation were retrospectively studied by reviewing their hospital records between January 2006 and December 2015. Demographic and clinical data were analyzed with SPSS using descriptive statistics and the chi-squared test or Cramer’s V for continuous and categorical variables respectively.

Results: 105 children had typhoid fever, 56 (53.3%) of them were diagnosed with typhoid perforation and 49 were confirmed intra-operatively. Of the children, 55.1% (n = 27) were school-aged while the remaining were adolescents; a majority had the classical triad of persistent fever (100%), abdominal pain (100%) and abdominal swelling (93.9%). Anaemia and hypokalaemia were common. The mean time duration for resuscitation was 16 hours (range 6-36 hours). Most perforations were single (n=36, 73.5%). There were more perforations in the school-aged than adolescent children (p = 0.845; V = 0.298). Wound infection (34.7%) was the most frequent morbidity but faecal fistula (10.2%) was most troublesome to manage. Death followed severe sepsis and chest infections in four children (8.2%).

Conclusion: Typhoid perforation continues to cause morbidity and mortality in children in developing countries. To stem this endemic disease, community health education and improved living conditions are required.
El turismo de naturaleza: un producto turístico sostenible
Authors: Martínez Quintana Violante
Published: November 2017

El turismo de naturaleza se ha conformado según los planteamientos académicos y las políticas turísticas en orden a un proceso lógico de evolución experimentada en el sector turístico en todo el mundo. Los impactos negativos que ha ocasionado el modelo convencional han puesto la voz de alarma, y todo el sector ha sido coadyuvado por el proceso general de la sostenibilidad en el desarrollo local, imperando en consecuencia el paradigma de la responsabilidad y sostenibilidad en los destinos turísticos. Tras un repaso conceptual del turismo de naturaleza convertido en un turismo alternativo, el presente artículo aporta las tendencias producidas en general, y la percepción de los paisajes culturales como producto turístico en particular. Finalmente se efectúa un análisis de las iniciativas para el fomento de un turismo de naturaleza alternativo y se ofrece una propuesta de planificación basada en el modelo de turismo responsable y sostenible, que actúe con garantía en el patrimonio natural y cultural como producto turístico sostenible.
Guanajuato, «Ciudad Patrimonio de la Humanidad». ¿Oportunidad o desafío para el turismo sostenible?
Authors: Ortiz Álvarez María Inés , Oralia Tamayo Pérez Luz María , González Sánchez Jorge , Villaseñor Franco Alma
Published: November 2017

La ciudad de Guanajuato fue reconocida en 1988 como Patrimonio de la Humanidad. A partir de este momento el turismo se ha convertido en la actividad que produce mayores recursos económicos para sus habitantes. Debido a las características físicas del lugar, a la estructura de su población y al gran número de visitantes se generan problemas de tránsito, escasez de insumos, aumento de precios y exceso de basura. Para reducir estos inconvenientes, es necesario considerar aspectos relacionados con el turismo sostenible, a fin de estimular el desarrollo local y tomar medidas para salvaguardar el patrimonio de la ciudad evitando su deterioro. En este trabajo se describe el origen de la ciudad y los problemas que afectan a la población local y a la sostenibilidad de su turismo.
El fenómeno hikikomori: tradición, educación y tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC)
Authors: Sánchez Rojo Alberto
Published: November 2017

Considerado tradicionalmente exclusivo de la sociedad japonesa, el fenómeno hikikomori o aislamiento social, se ha ido extendiendo en los últimos años a otros países desarrollados de Occidente. Desde una perspectiva filosófico-educativa y, por tanto, a partir del análisis crítico de textos, este trabajo intenta dar respuesta a lo que muchos autores consideran ya una epidemia. Mostraremos, por un lado, que el motivo principal para la aparición de este fenómeno en Japón será el fuerte conflicto existente entre una sociedad individualista y una tradición cultural colectivista aún muy presente. Por otro lado, comprobaremos que este conflicto también está empezando a producirse en Occidente gracias al ideal cada vez más colectivista que las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) ofrecen. Consecuentemente, los efectos en Occidente y en Japón empiezan a ser similares. Como conclusión, defenderemos la recuperación de una educación para el desarrollo de la subjetividad que intente superar dicho conflicto.
El naturalismo accidental: críticas a un modelo teorético de legitimación socioecológica
Authors: Cruzada Santiago M.
Published: November 2017

Este artículo propone la necesidad de realizar una revisión teórica sobre la actual asunción epistemológica que establece a la dicotomía naturaleza-sociedad como piedra angular de una cosmovisión amplia para contextos occidentales. Se rebaten aquellas perspectivas antropológicas que dan por sentado que, en estos espacios, de manera genérica y sin matices, la práctica social y las ideas no se construyen de forma vinculada al medio, cayendo bajo la creencia de que la naturaleza existe ajena a la voluntad humana. Discutiremos el ingenuo esencialismo etnológico que posiciona al naturalismo como modelo central de la cosmovisión socio-europea, el cual es caracterizado por patrones dualistas que han permitido configurar, al mismo tiempo y por contraposición a este, paradigmas monistas de relaciones socioecológicas en otras partes del mundo.
José Otero Espasandín (1900-1987). Un divulgador científico español en la Argentina
Authors: Díaz-Fierros Viqueira Francisco
Published: November 2017

José Otero Espasandin (1900-1987) fue un importante divulgador de la ciencia en la Argentina de los años cuarenta del pasado siglo XX que perteneció al grupo de las Misiones Pedagógicas. En este trabajo se ofrece una breve biografía suya y se presenta su producción como autor de textos de divulgación de la ciencia y la técnica. Se destacan sus principales características y se discute su importancia y significado para la época.
Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Modulates Cbl-b and Constrains T Cell Activation
Authors: Tran Charles W. , Saibil Samuel D. , Le Bihan Thierry , Hamilton Sara R. , Lang Karl S. , You Han , Lin Amy E. , Garza Kristine M. , Elford Alisha R. , Tai Kelly , Parsons Michael E. , Wigmore Kip , Vainberg Mitchell G. , Penninger Josef M. , Woodgett James R. , Mak Tak W. , Ohashi Pamela S.
Published: November 2017

The decision between T cell activation and tolerance is governed by the spatial and temporal integration of diverse molecular signals and events occurring downstream of TCR and costimulatory or coinhibitory receptor engagement. The PI3K–protein kinase B (PKB; also known as Akt) signaling pathway is a central axis in mediating proximal signaling events of TCR and CD28 engagement in T cells. Perturbation of the PI3K–PKB pathway, or the loss of negative regulators of T cell activation, such as the E3 ubiquitin ligase Cbl-b, have been reported to lead to increased susceptibility to autoimmunity. In this study, we further examined the molecular pathway linking PKB and Cbl-b in murine models. Our data show that the protein kinase GSK-3, one of the first targets identified for PKB, catalyzes two previously unreported phosphorylation events at Ser476 and Ser480 of Cbl-b. GSK-3 inactivation by PKB abrogates phosphorylation of Cbl-b at these two sites and results in reduced Cbl-b protein levels. We further show that constitutive activation of PKB in vivo results in a loss of tolerance that is mediated through the downregulation of Cbl-b. Altogether, these data indicate that the PI3K–PKB–GSK-3 pathway is a novel regulatory axis that is important for controlling the decision between T cell activation and tolerance via Cbl-b.
Endogenous Calcitriol Synthesis Controls the Humoral IgE Response in Mice
Authors: Lindner Juliane , Rausch Sebastian , Treptow Sandra , Geldmeyer-Hilt Kerstin , Krause Tina , St-Arnaud René , Arabian Alice , Radbruch Andreas , Hartmann Susanne , Worm Margitta , Heine Guido
Published: November 2017

The vitamin D receptor participates in the control of IgE class-switch recombination in B cells. The physiologic vitamin D receptor agonist, 1,25(OH)2D3 (calcitriol), is synthesized by the essential enzyme 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1), which can be expressed by activated immune cells. The role of endogenous calcitriol synthesis for the regulation of IgE has not been proven. In this study, we investigated IgE-responses in Cyp27b1-knockout (KO) mice following sensitization to OVA or intestinal infection with Heligmosomoides polygyrus. Specific Igs and plasmablasts were determined by ELISA and ELISpot, Cyp27b1 expression was measured by quantitative PCR. The data show elevated specific IgE and IgG1 concentrations in the blood of OVA-sensitized Cyp27b1-KO mice compared with wild-type littermates (+898 and +219%). Accordingly, more OVA-specific IgG1-secreting cells are present in spleen and fewer in the bone marrow of Cyp27b1-KO mice. Ag-specific mechanisms are suggested as the leucopoiesis is in general unchanged and activated murine B and T lymphocytes express Cyp27b1. Accordingly, elevated specific IgE concentrations in the blood of sensitized T cell–specific Cyp27b1-KO mice support a lymphocyte-driven mechanism. In an independent IgE-inducing model, i.e., intestinal infection with H. polygyrus, we validated the increase of total and specific IgE concentrations of Cyp27b1-KO compared with wild-type mice, but not those of IgG1 or IgA. We conclude that endogenous calcitriol has an impact on the regulation of IgE in vivo. Our data provide genetic evidence supporting previous preclinical and clinical findings and suggest that vitamin D deficiency not only promotes bone diseases but also type I sensitization.
CD27-Mediated Regulatory T Cell Depletion and Effector T Cell Costimulation Both Contribute to Antitumor Efficacy
Authors: Wasiuk Anna , Testa James , Weidlick Jeff , Sisson Crystal , Vitale Laura , Widger Jenifer , Crocker Andrea , Thomas Lawrence J. , Goldstein Joel , Marsh Henry C. , Keler Tibor , He Li-Zhen
Published: November 2017

CD27, a member of the TNFR superfamily, is constitutively expressed in most T cells and plays crucial roles in T cell effector functions. The costimulation and antitumor activity of CD27 agonistic Abs have been well documented in mouse models. Clinical testing of a human IgG1 anti-CD27 Ab, varlilumab (clone 1F5), is ongoing in cancer patients. In this study, we set out to further understand CD27 as an immunomodulatory target and to address the mechanism of antitumor efficacy using different IgG isotypes of 1F5 in human CD27-transgenic mice. 1F5mIgG1, the only isotype engaging inhibitory FcγRIIB expressed in B cells, elicited the most potent and broad immune response, but terminal differentiation, exhaustion, and apoptosis in the activated effector T cells were inevitable. Accordingly, this isotype was the most effective in eradicating BCL1 lymphoma but had limited efficacy in s.c. tumors. Conversely, 1F5mIgG2a, which interacts with cells expressing activating FcγRs, led to moderate immune activation, as well as to prominent reduction in the number and suppressive activity of regulatory T cells. These combined mechanisms imparted potent antitumor activity to 1F5mIgG2a, particularly against the s.c. tumors. 1F5hIgG1, varlilumab, showed balanced agonistic activity that was prominent at lower doses and depleting activity that was greater at higher doses. 1F5hIgG1 had good antitumor activity in all tumor models tested. Thus, both agonist and depleting properties contribute to the antitumor efficacy of CD27-targeted immunotherapy, and modulation of these activities in patients may be achieved by varying the dose and regimen.
Classroom research in religious education: The potential of grounded theory
Authors: Rothgangel Martin , Saup Judith
Published: November 2017

Grounded theory is one of the most common qualitative research strategies in social sciences. Currently, many applications of this theory are being developed for religious education. In the article it is argued that grounded theory deserves special attention for classroom research in religious education. For this reason, the basic features (fundamental openness and concurrence of data collection and analysis; constant comparison and asking analytical questions) as well as the coding strategies (open, axial, and selective) of grounded theory will be explained and concretised. An analysis of one example sequence demonstrates how grounded theory may be used to emphasise the communicative and substantive aspects (as well as the interaction between the two) of classroom interaction, therefore lending itself to data analysis. In this manner, grounded theory can also be used for an intensive analysis of a student’s learning process, as the authors have done in one student profile analysis, as well as for a comparative analysis of teaching practice in an actual class or even a variety of classes.
Radiology examination as a diagnostic aid in presentations with wide differential diagnoses: Case report of new Hodgkin’s lymphoma on a background of poorly controlled HIV
Authors: Hubbard Rachel , Kotecha Jalpa , Nash Thomas , Lee Yu Jin , Khan Nasir , Kazmi Farhat
Published: November 2017

Hodgkin’s lymphoma and disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection share similar clinical features; both may affect human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals. We discuss a patient with poorly controlled HIV-infection presenting with chest sepsis, dyspnoea and weight loss. Whilst the initial working diagnosis was that of MAC infection, pathology results had not met diagnostic criteria. Lymph node biopsy instead revealed classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma. We discuss the role of radiological examination in cases of diagnostic uncertainty.
PBW Bases and Marginally Large Tableaux in Types B and C
Authors: Criswell Jackson A. , Salisbury Ben , Tingley Peter
Published: November 2017

We explicitly describe the isomorphism between two combinatorial realizations of Kashiwara’s infinity crystal in types B and C. The first realization is in terms of marginally large tableaux and the other is in terms of Kostant partitions coming from PBW bases. We also discuss a stack notation for Kostant partitions which simplifies that realization.
El uso del clickbait en cibermedios de los 28 países de la Unión Europea
Authors: García Orosa Berta , Gallur Santorun Santiago , López García Xosé
Published: November 2017

Se analiza el «clickbait», una de las últimas estrategias de los medios para mantener al receptor en su página con valores extraperiodísticos. Metodología. Se procede a estudiar los titulares exteriores e interiores de periódicos generalistas de los 28 países de la Unión Europea. Resultados. Las principales consecuencias del uso del «clickbait» son que el titular se convierte en un elemento clave para persuadir al receptor. Discusión. Visto lo anterior se confirma el uso del «clickbait» en la mayoría de los textos analizados en detrimento de los valores periodísticos tradicionales de selección y edición de titulares. Conclusiones. Al final encontramos que los cibermedios de los 28 países que conforman la UE no provocan el clic a través de contenidos de calidad sino, en casi la mitad de los casos, a través de la creación de suspense, curiosidad, emoción o enfoques escabrosos de los temas en los titulares de primera página.
Comparison of the Furcation Involvement by Clinical Probing and Cone Beam Computed Tomography with True Level of Involvement during Flap Surgery
Authors: Aghanashini Suchetha , Mundinamane Darshan B , Bhat Divya , Jayachandran Chitra , Nadiger Sapna , Andavarapu Spandana
Published: November 2017

Aim

The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the clinical probing and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging technique for examination of the furcation involvement with the true level of involvement seen during open flap surgery (OFS).

Materials and methods

The study included 22 patients (50 molar teeth) who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria with at least one molar tooth with grade II or III furcation involvement. After phase I therapy, furcation involvement was measured using both clinical probing and CBCT imaging technique. The measurements obtained during the OFS were then compared with those obtained by clinical probing and CBCT. To avoid bias, the assessments of furcation involvement by all three techniques were done by three different examiners.

Results

The agreement in the furcation gradings between clinical and CBCT findings gave a Cohen Kappa value of 0.03 [statistically insignificant (p = 0.80)] and between clinical and open surgical measurements gave a Cohen Kappa value of 0.11 [statistically insignificant (p = 0.38)]. However, agreement in the furcation gradings between CBCT and open surgical measurements gave a Cohen Kappa value of 0.89 and it was statistically significant (p = 0.001).

Conclusion

Thus, the results indicated that there was the highest agreement between measurements obtained using CBCT imaging technique and true level of involvement seen during OFS (89%) when compared to clinical and OFS measurements (11%) and clinical and CBCT measurements (3%).

Clinical significance

Thus, CBCT can be considered as an efficient diagnostic tool to accurately assess osseous defects at furcation sites when compared to clinical probing.

How to cite this article

Aghanashini S, Jayachandran C, Mundinamane DB, Nadiger S, Bhat D, Andavarapu S. Comparison of the Furcation Involvement by Clinical Probing and Cone Beam Computed Tomography with True Level of Involvement during Flap Surgery. World J Dent 2017;8(4):267-272.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Emergency Management of Tooth Avulsion among Medical Students in Melaka, Malaysia: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Varghese Eby , Zhen-Ying Jillian N , Law Li L , Samson Renu S , Soe Htoo HK
Published: November 2017

Introduction

Dentofacial injuries are usually the result of sporting activities, falls at home, road traffic accidents, fights, or intentional assaults. Tooth avulsion among the victims of such accidents is quite common. Soon after the accident, most victims seek help from medical professionals.

Aim

This study was designed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of emergency management of avulsed teeth among medical students in Melaka, Malaysia, and the need to include dental trauma emergency management as a part of their undergraduate training.

Materials and methods

A self-administered questionnaire was distributed among medical students to gather data on their profile and self-assessed perceived knowledge of dental avulsion and its emergency management.

Results

Of the 190 students, 187 (98.4%) had low knowledge and 3 (1.6%) had some knowledge on the emergency management of tooth avulsion.

Conclusion

Medical students in Melaka have low knowledge regarding dental avulsion and its emergency management. Therefore, it is recommended to introduce dental trauma emergency management as a part of their undergraduate training.

Clinical significance

Introducing dental trauma emergency management as a part of the medical curriculum can help educate and train the students to be competent future medical professionals with sound knowledge on first-aid management of avulsed teeth. They would be able to act efficiently and effectively, thereby reducing the extra-alveolar time and, hence, contributing to the better prognosis of such teeth.

How to cite this article

Varghese E, Zhen-Ying JN, Law LL, Samson RS, Soe HHK. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Emergency Management of Tooth Avulsion among Medical Students in Melaka, Malaysia: A Cross-sectional Study. World J Dent 2017;8(4):273-280.
Emission characteristics of refractory black carbon aerosols from fresh biomass burning: a perspective from laboratory experiments
Authors: Pan Xiaole , Kanaya Yugo , Taketani Fumikazu , Miyakawa Takuma , Inomata Satoshi , Komazaki Yuichi , Tanimoto Hiroshi , Wang Zhe , Uno Itsushi , Wang Zifa
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The emission characteristics of refractory black carbon (rBC) from biomass burning are essential information for numerical simulations of regional pollution and climate effects. We conducted combustion experiments in the laboratory to investigate the emission ratio and mixing state of rBC from the burning of wheat straw and rapeseed plants, which are the main crops cultivated in the Yangtze River Delta region of China. A single particle soot photometer (SP2) was used to measure rBC-containing particles at high temporal resolution and with high accuracy. The combustion state of each burning case was indicated by the modified combustion efficiency (MCE), which is calculated using the integrated enhancement of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide concentrations relative to their background values. The mass size distribution of the rBC particles showed a lognormal shape with a mode mass equivalent diameter (MED) of 189 nm (ranging from 152 to 215 nm), assuming an rBC density of 1.8 g cm−3. rBC particles less than 80 nm in size (the lower detection limit of the SP2) accounted for ∼ 5 % of the total rBC mass, on average. The emission ratios, which are expressed as ΔrBC ∕ ΔCO (Δ indicates the difference between the observed and background values), displayed a significant positive correlation with the MCE values and varied between 1.8 and 34 ng m−3 ppbv−1. Multi-peak fitting analysis of the delay time (Δt, or the time of occurrence of the scattering peak minus that of the incandescence peak) distribution showed that rBC-containing particles with rBC MED  =  200 ± 10 nm displayed two peaks at Δt  =  1.7 µs and Δt  =  3.2 µs, which could be attributed to the contributions from both flaming and smoldering combustion in each burning case. Both the Δt values and the shell / core ratios of the rBC-containing particles clearly increased as the MCE decreased from 0.98 (smoldering-dominant combustion) to 0.86 (flaming-dominant combustion), implying the great importance of the rapid condensation of semi-volatile organics. This laboratory study found that the mixing state of rBC particles from biomass burning strongly depends on its combustion processes, and overall MCE should be taken carefully into consideration while the climate effect of rBC particles from open biomass burning is simulated.
Aerosol optical depth in the European Brewer Network
Authors: López-Solano Javier , Redondas Alberto , Carlund Thomas , Rodriguez-Franco Juan J. , Diémoz Henri , León-Luis Sergio F. , Hernández-Cruz Bentorey , Guirado-Fuentes Carmen , Kouremeti Natalia , Gröbner Julian , Kazadzis Stelios , Carreño Virgilio , Berjón Alberto , Santana-Díaz Daniel , Rodríguez-Valido Manuel , De Bock Veerle , Moreta Juan R. , Rimmer John , Boulkelia Lamine , Jepsen Nis , Eriksen Paul , Bais Alkisviadis F. , Shirotov Vadim , Vilaplana José M. , Wilson Keith M. , Karppinen Tomi
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The high spatial and temporal variability of aerosols make networks capable of measuring their properties in near real time of high scientific interest. In this work we present and discuss results of an aerosol optical depth algorithm to be used in the European Brewer Network, which provides data in near real time of more than 30 spectrophotometers located from Tamanrasset (Algeria) to Kangerlussuaq (Greenland). Using data from the Brewer Intercomparison Campaigns in the years 2013 and 2015, and the period in between, plus comparisons with Cimel sunphotometers and UVPFR instruments, we check the precision, stability, and uncertainty of the Brewer AOD in the ultraviolet range from 300 to 320 nm. Our results show a precision better than 0.01, an uncertainty of less than 0.05, and a stability similar to that of the ozone measurements for well-maintained instruments. We also discuss future improvements to our algorithm with respect to the input data, their processing, and the characterization of the Brewer instruments for the measurement of aerosols.
African mineral dust sources: a combined analysis based on 3D dust aerosols distributions, winds and surface parameters
Authors: Vandenbussche Sophie , De Mazière Martine
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Mineral dust aerosols are a key player in the climate system. Their emissions are not yet characterised enough to ensure their good representation in climate models. The work presented here aims at a better characterisation of dust sources by a new analysis method. We use the three-dimensional dust aerosols distribution from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI), obtained with the Mineral Aerosols Profiling from Infrared Radiances (MAPIR) algorithm. The availability of vertical information on top of total column information allows to better separate emissions from transport. However, the presence of dust at the surface could also be due to low altitude transport, or to deposition processes. Therefore, to strengthen the analysis, we have completed it with an analysis of wind speed and surface state parameters (land cover, vegetation, moisture). For the more complex case of the Sahel, we have also analysed the soil type and the wind direction patterns. Our analysis highlights the well-known Saharan hot-spots, but also a less well-known significant emission place west of the Bodélé depression. The study of Sahel dust sources is a new feature for satellite-based analyses. Our results are coherent with those drawn from local ground-based measurements, allowing to extend our analysis to the entire Sahel area with confidence. We also provide a morning versus evening comparison, helping to distinguish the different emission mechanisms in play, and a small year-to-year variation analysis.
Isotopic constraints on heterogeneous sulphate production in Beijing haze
Authors: He Pengzhen , Alexander Becky , Geng Lei , Chi Xiyuan , Fan Shidong , Zhan Haicong , Kang Hui , Zheng Guanjie , Cheng Yafang , Su Hang , Liu Cheng , Xie Zhouqing
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Discerning mechanisms of sulfate formation during fine-particle pollution (referred to as haze hereafter) in Beijing is important for understanding the rapid evolution of haze and for developing cost-effective air pollution mitigation strategies. Here we present the first observations of the oxygen-17 excess of PM2.5 sulfate (Δ17O(SO42−)) collected in Beijing haze from October 2014 to January 2015, to constrain possible sulfate formation pathways. Throughout the sampling campaign, the 12h-averaged PM2.5 concentrations ranged from 16 to 323 μg m−3 with a mean of (141 ± 88 (1σ)) μg m−3, with SO42− representing 8–25 % of PM2.5 mass. The observed Δ17O(SO42−) varied from 0.1 ‰ to 1.6 ‰ with a mean of (0.9 ± 0.3) ‰.Δ17O(SO42−)increased with PM2.5 levels in October 2014 while the opposite trends were observed in November 2014 to January 2015. Heterogeneous sulfate production rate (Phet) on aerosols was estimated to enhance with PM2.5 levels, generally dominating sulfate formation during haze days when cloud liquid water content (LWC) was low. When LWC was high, however, in-cloud reactions would dominate haze sulfate formation with a fractional contribution up to 68 %. For the specific mechanisms of heterogeneous oxidation of SO2, chemical reaction kinetics calculations suggest S(IV) (= SO2•H2O + HSO3− + SO32−) oxidation by H2O2 in aerosol water accounted for 5–13 % of Phet. The relative importance of heterogeneous sulfate production by other mechanisms was constrained by our observed Δ17O(SO42−). Heterogeneous sulfate production via S(IV) oxidation by O3 was estimated to contribute 21–22 % of Phet on average. Heterogeneous sulfate production pathways that result in zero-Δ17O(SO42−), such as S(IV) oxidation by NO2 in aerosol water and/or by O2 on acidic microdroplets via a radical chain mechanism, contributed the remain 66–73 % of Phet. The assumption about the thermodynamic state of aerosols (stable or metastable) was found to significantly influence the calculated aerosol pH (7.6 ± 0.1 or 4.7 ± 1.1, respectively), and thus influence the relative importance of heterogeneous sulfate production via S(IV) oxidation by NO2 and by O2 on acidic microdroplets. Our calculation suggests sulfate formation via NO2 oxidation can be the dominant pathway in aerosols at high pH-conditions calculated assuming stable state while S(IV) oxidation by O2 on acidic microdroplets can be the dominant pathway providing that highly acidic aerosols (pH ≤ 3) exist. Our results also illustrate the utility of Δ17O(SO42−) for quantifying sulfate formation pathways and its inclusion in models may improve our understanding of rapid sulfate formation during haze events.
Water Vapor Retrieval using the Precision Solar Spectroradiometer
Authors: Raptis Panagiotis-Ioannis , Kazadzis Stelios , Gröbner Julian , Kouremeti Natalia , Doppler Lionel , Becker Ralf , Helmis Constantinos
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The Precision Solar SpectroRadiometer (PSR) is a new spectroradiometer developed at Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos-World Radiation Center (PMOD-WRC), Davos, measuring Direct Solar Irradiance at the surface, in the 300–1020 nm spectral range at high temporal resolution. The purpose of this work is to investigate the instrument's potential of retrieving Integrated Water Vapor (IWV) using its spectral measurements. Two different approaches were developed in order to retrieve IWV, the first one using single channel/wavelength measurements, following a theoretical water vapor high absorption wavelength, and the second one using direct sun irradiance integrated at a certain spectral region. IWV results have been validated using a 2-year dataset, consisting of an AERONET sun- photometer Cimel CE318, a Global Positioning System (GPS), a Microwave Radiometer Profiler (MWP) and radiosonde retrievals recorded at Meteorological Observatorium Lindenberg, Germany. For the monochromatic approach, better agreement with retrievals from other methods/instruments was achieved using the 946 nm channel, while for the spectral approach using the 934–948 nm window. Compared to other instruments' retrievals, the monochromatic approach leads to mean relative differences up to 3.3 % with the coefficient of determination (R2) being in the region of 0.87–0.95, while for the spectral approach mean relative differences up to 0.7 % were recorded with R2 in the region of 0.96–0.98. Uncertainties related to IWV retrieval methods were investigated and found to be less than 0.28 cm for both methods. Absolute IWV deviations of differences between PSR and other instruments were determined the range of 0.08–0.30 cm and only in extreme cases would reach up to 15 %.
Design of a dual linear polarization antenna using split ring resonators at X-band
Authors: Ahmed Sadiq , Chandra Madhukar
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Dual linear polarization microstrip antenna configurations are very suitable for high-performance satellites, wireless communication and radar applications. This paper presents a new method to improve the co-cross polarization discrimination (XPD) for dual linear polarized microstrip antennas at 10 GHz. For this, three various configurations of a dual linear polarization antenna utilizing metamaterial unit cells are shown. In the first layout, the microstrip patch antenna is loaded with two pairs of spiral ring resonators, in the second model, a split ring resonator is placed between two microstrip feed lines, and in the third design, a complementary split ring resonators are etched in the ground plane. This work has two primary goals: the first is related to the addition of metamaterial unit cells to the antenna structure which permits compensation for an asymmetric current distribution flow on the microstrip antenna and thus yields a symmetrical current distribution on it. This compensation leads to an important enhancement in the XPD in comparison to a conventional dual linear polarized microstrip patch antenna. The simulation reveals an improvement of 7.9, 8.8, and 4 dB in the E and H planes for the three designs, respectively, in the XPD as compared to the conventional dual linear polarized patch antenna. The second objective of this paper is to present the characteristics and performances of the designs of the spiral ring resonator (S-RR), split ring resonator (SRR), and complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) metamaterial unit cells. The simulations are evaluated using the commercial full-wave simulator, Ansoft High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS).
Effects of temperature on the composition and diversity of bacterial communities in bamboo soils at different elevations
Authors: Lin Yu-Te , Jia Zhongjun , Wang Dongmei , Chiu Chih-Yu
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Bamboo is an important resource distributed in mountain areas in Asia. Little is known about the impact of temperature changes on bamboo soil bacterial communities. In this study, responses of bacterial communities collected at 600, 1200, and 1800 m to different incubation temperatures (15, 20, and 35 °C) were examined using barcoded pyrosequencing and soil analyses. Soil respiration was greater at higher elevation and incubation temperature. The bacterial diversity decreased after 112 days of incubation at 35 °C. Before incubation, Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria were the most abundant phyla in all communities. The relative abundance of Acidobacteria generally decreased after 112 days of incubation at the three temperatures. α-Proteobacteria showed a similar trend, while γ-Proteobacteria increased after incubation, except in samples from 1800 m incubated at 35 °C. Non-metric multi-dimensional scaling analysis revealed structural variability under different incubation times and temperatures. Principal component analysis indicated that the bacterial structure in samples incubated at 35 °C correlated with temperature and soil respiration, while structures in samples incubated at 15 and 20 °C correlated with time. These results suggest that a temperature rise could result in increasing soil respiration and soluble carbon and nitrogen consumption as well as differentially influence bacterial diversity and structure at different elevations.