bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New cultivar of mountain ash (Sorbus) Siberian breeding
Authors: Asbaganov Sergey , Lokteva Anna , Rupasova Zhanna
Published: September 2020

The northern regions of Russia are characterized by a relatively poor composition of the cultural dendroflora, that due to harsh climatic conditions. To create resistant varieties, it is necessary to attract local highly winter-resistant forms and on their basis to obtain hybrids with foreign species with outstanding characteristics of economically useful traits. As a result of hybridization of the breeding form of S. sibirica with a undersized and large-fruited breeding form of S. sambucifolia was obtained the heterosic hybrid ‘Shank’ (F1 S. sambucifolia x S. sibirica) that combining valuable decorative and nutritional qualities, with ultra-fast of fruiting start and highly winter-resistant.
Branching pattern in the ontogenesis of Nepeta manchuriensis (Lamiaceae) individuals
Authors: Astashenkov Alexey , Talovskaya Evgeniya , Denisova Gul’noriya
Published: September 2020

The features development and branching pattern of N. manchuriensis individuals in the conditions of the Far East were studied. It is established that ontogeny consists the ontogeny of the seed individual and the private ontogeny of the ramet. The seed individual pass through the following stages of development: primary shoot-main axis-primary bush-clump-system of partial shoots; ramet: system of partial shoots. Individuals develop according to the sympodial long shooted model of the shoot formation. Basis structure the whole plant is a consistent development of dicyclic rhizomatous-long shoots. The branching pattern is determined by the functioning the buds the first annual growth of the dicyclic shoot. The mechanism of branching occurs according to dychasial type. The geophilic parts of the shoots form a rhizome.
Widening the area of a Baikal endemic Leymus secalinus (Georgi) Tzvelev. (Poaceae) northward to the Aldan River basin (Yakutia) based on the molecular genetic study results
Authors: Badmaeva Natalia , Tubanova Dolgor , Bukharova Evgenia
Published: September 2020

The paper presents the results of studying the taxonomic relationships of Leymus secalinus (Georgi) Tzvelev. and L. littoralis (Griseb.) Peschkova in different geographical sites based on a comparison of ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequences of nuclear rDNA and cpDNA matK. Molecular genetic research of these species allowed us to expand the area of L. secalinus to the Aldan River basin (Yakutia).
Towards on the conservation of rare species Iris glaucescens (Iridaceae) in Novosibirsk oblast: ecoinformative multimodal analysis of the area
Authors: Baikov Konstantin , Doronkin Vladimir
Published: September 2020

Multimodal ecoinformation analysis as an modern computative approach to geospatial investigation of biodiversity structure is performed on maximum entropy method for local populations of Iris glaucescens -rare species of vascular plants that is included in Red Book of Novosibirsk Oblast. The most informative environmental variables were ranged and examined in detail. According to obtained results, trio of the most important variables in the scale of 1/12 arc-degree (5.0 arc-minutes) global model, includes: 1) maximum average diurnal tempreature of surface air in the warmest period of an year (bio5) – 32.7%, annual mean temperature of surface air (bio1) – 11.2%, and maximum average diurnal tempreature of surface air in July (tmax7) – 9.0%. Three of the most important variables in the scale of 1/60 arc-degree (1.0 arc-minutes) regional model (Zone_18) are: maximum average diurnal tempreature of surface air in the warmest period of a year (bio5) -35.7%, maximum average diurnal tempreature of surface air in Juny (tmax6) – 23.1%, minimum average diurnal tempreature of surface air in October (tmin10) – 7,7%. Therefore, climatic variables that influense on the amount of heat in the warmest period of a year, may be taken into account as factors, limiting population size of I. glaucescens.
Structural and functional characteristics of algal flora in water bodies of the natural monuments in Orenburg forest steppe Trans Volga region (Russia)
Authors: Ignatenko Marina E. , Yatsenko-Stepanova Tatyana N. , Kalmykova Olga G.
Published: September 2020

The algal flora of 7 water bodies of Orenburg forest-steppe Trans Volga region protected areas was studied. 193 species and intraspecific taxa of algae belonging to 7 phyla, 12 classes, 30 orders, 57 families and 109 genera were identified. According to the results of a saprobiological analysis studied water bodies and streams are characterized as xeno-, oligo-, and β-mesosaprobic, grades 1-3 of quality, from extremely pure to satisfactory purity. In some water bodies (pond on the Zhmakovsky creek – natural monument «Kuzminka creek with tributaries^ and pond of the natural monument «Aksakov’s park»), disturbances in the stability of ecosystems and various stages of eutrophication were recorded. The data obtained indicate the need for strict compliance with the restrictions already provided for these natural monuments and the use of more effective protection measures to restore ecosystems and improve water quality within the studied objects.
Dynamics of the Accumulation of Essential Oils in the Roots ofFerula foetida(Bunge) Regel) Depending on the Age and Place of Growth in the Mangistau Region (the Western Kazakhstan)
Authors: Imanbayeva Akzhunis , Sagyndykova Meruert , Ishmuratova Margarita
Published: September 2020

For the first time, the dynamics of the accumulation of essential oil in the underground organs ofFerula foetidagrown on the territory of the Mangistau region (the Western Kazakhstan), depending on the age of the plant and the place of growth, are investigated. The maximum accumulation of essential oil is noted for the 4th year of vegetation (0.98%), the minimum – for the annual plants (0.14%). The largest quantitative composition of essential oil is noted in the sands of Tuyesu and on the elevation of Tynymbay Shoky, the minimum – in the vicinity of the Karkol wintering. As the results of the study the optimal places of raw materials harvesting and collection dates are determined.
Parthenocarpy in Lonicera caerulea (Caprifoliaceae)
Authors: Junwei Huo , Boyarskikh Irina G.
Published: September 2020

The properties of fruits produced by the blue honeysuckle hybrid cultivar Berel under different pollination conditions while grown in the north-east of China and in West Siberia were examined. The frequent incidence of leaves chlorosis and partenocarphy of Lonicera caerulea L. was recorded for the first time.
Biologically Active Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of the Plants from CSBG SB RAS Collection of the Rosaceae Family (I)
Authors: Khramova Elena , Kukushkina Tatyana , Shaldaeva Tatyana , Pshenichkina Yuliya , Vysochina Galina
Published: September 2020

The article presents Dara on the content of biologically active compounds (BAC) and the total phenolic antioxidants activity (TPA) evaluated for leaves and inflorescences of eight species from the Rosaceae family: Padus avium, Malus baccata, Alhemilla vulgaris, Potentilla inquinans, Filipendula vulgaris, F. palmata, Sanguisorba officinalis, S. alpina. It was determined that leaves and inflorescences contain flavonols, catechins, tannins, carotenoids, saponins, pectin substances. Usually, woody plants tend to accumulate less BAC and TPA than herbs. The highest level of flavonols and tannins was registered in inflorescences of F. vulgaris (12.25% and 45.02 %). The content of pectin substances was quite high, with the biggest share of protopectins (4.4-10.65%). The maximum quantity of catechins (4.76%) was found in the leaves of F. palmata, saponins – in the inflorescences of M. baccata (20.77%). The highest content of carotenoids was found in the leaves of plants, most notably in P. inquinans (1.00 mg/g). The highest antioxidant activity was recorded for water-ethanol extracts from inflorescences (up to 7.77 mg/g) and leaves (2.11 mg/g) of F. vulgaris and A. vulgaris plants due to increased content of phenolic compounds, in particular flavonols and tannins, compared to the other species.
The results of introduction study of old garden roses in different natural and climatic zones
Authors: Klimenko Zinaida , Rubtsova Olena , Plugatar Svetlana , Zykova Vera
Published: September 2020

The introduction study of old garden roses has been done in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone continental climate ( 69 cultivars) and in xeromorphous edaphoclimatic conditions of the subtropical zone (85 cultivars and varieties). The valuable characters of old garden roses in each zone have been determined. The increasing tendency for flower doubleness and their quantity has been educed in a subtropical zone. The long-term introduction study of 21 cultivars in both zones has been done and as the result of it 14 cultivars have been recommended for a wide use in greening.
Shoot formation model (architectural model) Phlomoides oreophila
Authors: Komarevtseva Elizaveta K. , Guseva Alexandra A.
Published: September 2020

The morphological characteristics of Phlomoides oreophila, which grows in the Altai Mountains and Southeast Kazakhstan, are given. It is established that the species belongs to the monopodial-rosette model of shoot formation. The main structural unit is a perennial basal (skeletal) rosette shoot. Its annual growths form an epigeogenic oblique-orthotropic rhizome. An elementary shoot appears during 1 growth period and carries the vegetative and generative parts. The formula of the functional zones of the elementary shoot is determined: the inhibition zone → [innovation zone] → amplification zone → apical bud. It was established that the boundaries of the elementary and annual shoots do not coincide. Elementary shoot includes spring leaf generation (inhibition zone), summer leaf generation with axillary vegetative buds (innovation zone) and vegetative-generative buds (amplification zone). Vegetative-generative shoots appear only after wintering the following spring. They are located below the rosette leaves of the spring generation (this is the beginning of a new elementary shoot). As a result, the annual shoot includes the elementary shoot of the current year, as well as the amplification zone of the elementary shoot of last year.
Features of development of hametophytes Botrychium multifidum (S.G. Gmel.) Rupr. culture in vitro
Authors: Krinitsyn Igor , Zontikov Dmitry , Zontikova Svetlana , Baghizadeh A. , Behroozi P. , Sergeev Roman
Published: September 2020

The work is devoted to studying the influence of the type of culture medium and pH on the development of gametophytes Botrychium multifidum in vitro. The spores obtained from sterilized sporangia were suspended in liquid nutrient media with initial inoculum of 10000 spores per 1 ml. Nutrient media tested in the study were composed of full Murashige and Skoog or Knudson mineral salts supplemented with kinetin (1 mg/l) and pH level 4.8-6.4. All stages of development, from spore germination to thallus and gametophyte formation, were observed in tissue culture. A low level of germinating spores was noted.
Effect of length and thermal time of the growing season on blueberry production
Authors: Kurlovich Tatyana
Published: September 2020

Highbush blueberry is one of the most popular fruit-bearing culture in the world. But its cultivation is associated with a number of peculiarities, which must be considered when setting up plantations in a given region. To ensure large stable harvests cultivars require sufficient heat sum and time for successful formation of flower buds, which provide the next year’s harvest of berries. Initiation and formation of flower buds begins during crop maturation and ends with the growing season. According to our observation data, blueberry cultivars require no less than 100 days and a heat sum of no less than 900°C (of temperatures above 0°C) during this period to successfully initiate flower buds. Failing to meet this mark leads to a significant (2,0-2,5 times) drop in yield. When setting up industrial plantations it is important to consider these circumstances and to select the cultivars, maturation times of which allow the plants to successfully form the number of flower buds, which provide a consistent high yield and profitability of the grown culture in the given region.
Morphochemical parameters of assimilation surface of planting material Grossularia Mill depending on different backgrounds of non-root feeding
Authors: Mistratova Natalia , Bopp Valentina
Published: September 2020

Gooseberry is one of the common berry crops in Siberia. But despite its merits, the gooseberry is characterized by a weak development of plant phytomass when propagated by stem cuttings, and as a result, a decrease in the quality of planting material. The results of studies of various backgrounds of non-root fertilizing showed that the variant using exogenous treatments of Zn 1% + Cu 1% + 6 micronutrient elements showed an increase in the area of the leaf blade to 12.9 cm2. The accumulation level of copper, zinc, manganese and cobalt on plots using leaf fertilizing exceeded the control. Non-root feeding of Zn 1% + Cu 1% + 6 micronutrients of gooseberry when growing planting material by the green cuttings method increases the level of micronutrient accumulation (Zn, Co, Mn) in the leaves and activates growth processes – contribute to the development of assimilation surface.
Comparative Studies of In Vitro Regeneration Capacity in Some Breeding Forms of Prunus persica (L.) Batsch
Authors: Mitrofanova Irina , Lesnikova-Sedoshenko Nina , Mitrofanova Olga , Smykov Anatoliy , Chelombit Svetlana
Published: September 2020

Peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] is one of the most important stone fruit crops in the world. Preservation of valuable genotypes and creation of new breeding forms need the effective methods for plant propagation. Biotechnological method makes it possible to multiply valuable genotypes in vitro and produce high-quality plant material. Plantlets were obtained from hybrid peach embryos in five cross combinations. The induction of morphogenesis and the studies of regenerative capacity were carried out on culture media Murashige, Skoog (MS) and Gamborg, Eveleigh (B5) with vitamins and plant growth regulators. The segments of plantlets with 2-3 internodes were placed on MS and B5 media. Use of B5 medium with 0.75-1.0 mg L-1 BAP and 0.1 mg L-1 IBA induced organogenesis in the studied hybrid forms. The microshoots of the hybrid form ‘Summerglo’ × ‘Nikitskiy Podarok’ had a high regeneration capacity. In the forms ‘Persey’ × ‘Nikitskiy Podarok’ and ‘KAT 92-2210’ × ‘Nikitskiy Podarok’ low regeneration capacity was noted. An increase in BAP concentration resulted in formation of hydrated microshoots and non-morphogenic callus. It was determined that to obtain normal peach microshoots, the optimal culture parameters were a temperature of 24 ± 1oC, 16-hour photoperiod, and 37.5 μM m-2s-1 light intensity.
Siberian gene pool of steppe cherry polyploids (Prunus fruticosa Pall.): cytomorphological estimation and prospects for breeding
Authors: Mochalova Olga V.
Published: September 2020

The first spontaneous cherry polyploids were detected in the Altai gene pool of Russia and inside of the interspecific hybrids of Prunus fruticosa Pall. only. To date, polyploid genotypes with a complex of economically valuable traits and of various origins has preserved in the collection of FASCA. Collection includes: 1) F1 of spontaneous origin; 2) F2 obtained from hybridization of the first spontaneous hexaploid genotypes; 3) hybrids induced in vitro. These hybrids have a genetic origin from steppe cherry crossings with P. cerasus L., P. maackii Rupr., P. serrulata Lindl., P. canescens Bois., P. incisa Thumb., etc. Hexaploid amitotic clone lines were obtained by of 0.1% trifluralin treatment. The cellular mechanism of polyploids occurrence is the male and female unreduced gametes functioning. The study of microsporogenesis in 38 hybrids has revealed the 17 genetic producers of unreduced male gametes. According to the ploidy level of seedlings, the 8 sources of unreduced female gametes were selected. The morphophysiological characteristics of mature pollen were studied and the patterns for the preliminary selection of polyploids were revealed. The main strategy for the cherry breeding in the 21th century is the creation of polygenome hybrids with increased adaptation and high fruit quality.
Bioecological features of Rosa rugosa Thunb. in urban ecosystems of the Kola North
Authors: Saltan Natalia , Sviatkovskaya Ekaterina
Published: September 2020

This study presents the results of an assessment of photosynthetic activity and morphometric parameters of Rosa rugosa leaves and their Ni and Cu content from 2015 to 2017 in cities with different anthropogenic loads: Apatity, Murmansk, Monchegorsk. Over 3-year observation cycle we found that the amount of chlorophyll a and b in the leaves of Rosa rugosa increased in cities starting in 2016, relative to the control condition, with the highest values in Monchegorsk and Apatity. The carotenoids content in cities also increased and often prevailed over chlorophyll b. The Ni content in the leaves of Rosa rugosa was estimated to be higher than in the background territory (2.52 mg/kg) and varied from 4.16 mg/kg (Apatity) to 72.67 mg/kg (Monchegorsk). With regard to the amount of Cu, relative to the background (5.88 mg/kg), the excess was less significant: the highest values were found in Monchegorsk (11.98-23.25 mg/kg) and the lowest in Apatity (4.95-8.28 mg/kg). The morphometric analysis of the leaves showed different dynamics in the distribution of indicators in the cities and in the background territory. It was revealed that species is stable and has a high adaptive potential to the urban environment conditions of the Kola North.
Estimation of the rare status ofIris aphyllaL. according to the categories and criteria of the IUCN Red list in the western and eastern edge of the East European plain
Authors: Senator Stepan , Savchuk Sergey , Lebed’ko Vladimir
Published: September 2020

The article contains information on assessing the environmental status ofIris aphyllapopulations according to the categories and criteria of the IUCN Red List. It was found that in Gomel Oblast (Republic of Belarus) and Samara Oblast (Russian Federation),I. aphyllais characterized as “Vulnerable” (VU). The resulting categories reflect the specifics of regional conditions affecting populations.
Seed germination of Paederotella pontica (Rupr. ex Boiss.) Kem-Nath.- rare endemic species of the Caucasus
Authors: Shakarishvili Nana
Published: September 2020

Paederotella pontica is a Colchis tertiary relict species, regional narrow endemic to the Caucasus, representative of an oligotypic genus. The aim of this study was to determine dormancy-breaking requirements and develop seed germination protocol for P. pontica. Freshly matured seeds of P. pontica are morphophysiologically dormant (MPD). Mean length of seed is 820 μm, linear embryo is fully differentiated, on average 625 μm long. Penetration of tetrazolium salt indicates the permeability of seed coat and high percentage of vital seeds in capsules. Prior to root emergence, the E:S ratio increased from 0.76 to 0.9. Effects of warm and cold stratification and gibberellic acid (GA3) on embryo growth and seed germination were studied under laboratory conditions. Since cold stratification is the only requirement for the loss of MPD, the longest embryo growth occurred during this treatment and GA3 promoted MPD loss, we concluded that P. pontica seeds have intermediate complex MPD. Based on the treatment results a germination protocol is proposed: 1. Dry storage at 20°C, 2 months; 2. Cold-wet stratification at 3°C, 3 months; 3. Germination at 20/15°C day/night. Under developed conditions germination is fast, synchronous and yields to 80%.
Features of the structure of vegetative organs Dodartia orientalis L. (Scrophulariaceae Juss.) from different ecological conditions
Authors: Sharipova Vasila
Published: September 2020

The features of the structure of the leaves of Dodartia orientalis, growing in different ecological conditions have been studied. Haloxeromorphic signs have been mostly revealed in the plants growing in the arid conditions of Ustyurt. Mesomorphic signs have been identified in the plants growing conditions of Tashkent.
Agropopulations of Trifolium hybridum (Fabaceae) on the coal mining spoils in the forest-steppe of the Kuznetsk basin
Authors: Sheremet Natalia , Lamanova Tatyana , Doronkin Vladimir
Published: September 2020

The agropopulations of Trifolium hybridum L. were studied in the agricultural phytocenoses established on the levelled coal mining spoils in the Kuzbas mining region (West Siberia, Russia). The clover was found to last in such agrophytocenoses for more than 20 years, whereas in agricultural phytocenoses on the zonal soils it lasted usually for 5-8 years. All studied communities were dominated by virginal and young generative plants. The optimal conditions for the clover growth and development in the disturbed areas were observed in the mixed (legumes and grasses) agrophytocenosis on the hydraulic dump. For the first time T. hybridum was found to be a species perspective for restoring vegetation cover in areas disturbed by open coal mining.
Geranium pamiricum Ikonn. (Geraniaceae): systematics and chorology
Authors: Troshkina Viktoriya I. , Enkhtuvshin Khukhuu
Published: September 2020

This article addresses specific features of morphology and chronology of a species found for the first time in the flora of the Altai highland: Geranium pamiricum Ikonn. It is demonstrated that the species under study belongs to the taxon G. collinum Steph. ex Willd. A nomenclature citation is provided with a mention of type specimens and their storage locations and ecological confinedness. A key was compiled for identification of species of the section Recurvata. Issues of chronology are discussed, and a map of this species’ geographic range is provided.
A sustainable cross-efficiency DEA model for international MSW-to-biofuel supply chain design
Authors: Ghadami Mahsa , Sahebi Hadi , Pishvaee Mirsaman , Gilani Hani
Published: September 2020

Fossil fuels, as the primary source of the energy supply in today’s global society, are being depleted much faster than expected and are raising serious environmental and social concerns for contemporary societies. To deal with issues, a global movement towards the generation of sustainable renewable energy is underway. One of the most promising sources of renewable energy alternatives is the use of municipal solid waste, as a biomass source since it does not endanger food security and considerably the biomass made by municipal solid waste will enable the appropriate management of the waste and help cities to be sustainable. The supply chain of converting the municipal solid waste to bioenergy is a challenging issue that have attracted the attention of academic and industrial research. In this direction, a three-echelon mathematical model is developed to design MSW-to-biofuel supply chain network. This supply network is a global network; hence, the international supply chain-related issues and the disruption in the raw material supply have also been studied. Identifying appropriate potential locations to site facilities is a challenge faced in the municipal solid waste-to-biofuel supply chain models. To achieve goal, in this research, the use has been made of a proposed sustainable cross-efficiency DEA model which is an effective ranking method, especially for finding potential points. To deal with sustainability, the social and environmental indicators have also been presented in the form of some criteria in this DEA method. In addition, effort has been made to improve the ecological indicators of the supply chain design in line with the sustainable development as an objective function. Finally, in order to validate the proposed model, a case study with real data is presented.
Monteggia-Frakturen und Monteggia-like Lesions
Authors: Mütze Maria , Hepp Pierre , Josten Christoph
Published: September 2020

Monteggia-Verletzungen umfassen osteoligamentäre Kombinationsverletzungen des proximalen Unterarms, die zu dauerhaft einschränkenden Folgezuständen führen können. Das Verständnis des Verletzungsbildes sowie die schrittweise Rekonstruktion, unter besonderer Beachtung von Anatomie und Biomechanik, stellt ein Grundpfeiler der erfolgreichen Versorgung dar. Dieser Beitrag soll besonders über die in der Literatur nicht eindeutig verwendeten Begrifflichkeiten aufklären und Behandlungsstrategien und erwartbare Prognosen aufzeigen.
Die „Standard“-Schilddrüsenszintigrafie – ist sie noch zeitgemäß?
Authors: Görges Rainer , Bockisch Andreas , Seifert Philipp
Published: September 2020

Aus fachfremder Sicht wird der Stellenwert der „konventionellen“ Schilddrüsenszintigrafie zur Klärung diverser thyreologischer Fragestellungen international mittlerweile weit niedriger eingeschätzt, als dies dem hierzulande tätigen Nuklearmediziner bewusst ist. Dieser Aufsatz gibt einen Überblick über häufig geäußerte Kritikpunkte an der Schilddrüsenszintigrafie und möchte einiges hierzu klarstellen sowie in berechtigten Fällen fundierte Gegenargumente liefern. In diesem Rahmen wird ein Überblick über die weiterhin bestehenden Indikationen gegeben, es werden aber auch Aspekte angeschnitten, bei denen Verbesserungsbedarf besteht. Abschließend erfolgt eine Aussicht auf zukünftige Perspektiven und Weiterentwicklungen der funktionellen Charakterisierung von thyreoidalem Gewebe.
Comparability of Patient-reported Outcome Measures and Clinical Assessment Tools for Shoulder Function in Patients with Proximal Humeral Fracture
Authors: Maurer Elke , Bahrs Christian , Kühle Luise , Ziegler Patrick , Gonser Christoph , Stollhof Laura Emine
Published: September 2020

Background Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are gaining increasing importance in the context of quality management. Different PROMs and scoring tools are available to assess shoulder function after proximal humeral fracture (PHFx). In Europe, these include the Constant-Murley Score (CS), Neer Score (NS), Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS), University of California at Los Angeles Score (UCLA) and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hands Score (DASH). In addition, the health-related quality of life can be assessed by the PROMs Short Form 36 (SF-36) and EuroQol (EQ-5D). Although all these test instruments assess shoulder function, the components to be answered objectively and subjectively vary and thus the possibility of independent assessment. The aim of the present study is to compare the correlation between the results of the different PROMs and the clinical screening tools in patients with PHFx.

Methods 76 patients who were treated with angular stable plate osteosynthesis for a proximal humeral fracture between 01/2001 and 12/2005 were included in this trial. The outcome was measured with PROMs or clinical scoring tools such as CS, NS, OSS, UCLA, DASH, SF-36 and EQ-5D and a correlation coefficient between those evaluation tools was calculated. In addition, a distinction was made between the two force measurement methods (wrist [HG] vs. deltoid muscle [DM]) for CS.

Results The correlation of the results of CS and NS (HG: r = 0.85; p < 0.001/DM: r = 0.93; p < 0.001), CS and UCLA (HG: r = 0.83; p < 0.001/DM: r = 0.86; p < 0.001), NS and UCLA (r = 0.91; p < 0.001) as well as DASH and OSS (r = 0.88; p < 0.001) was strongly expressed. A good comparability of the results was demonstrated between CS and OSS (HG: r = 0.63; p < 0.001/DM: r = 0.66; p < 0.001) and between CS and DASH (HG: r = 0.62; p < 0.001/DM: r = 0.61; p < 0.001). The correlation of CS (HG/DM) and UCLA with the EQ-5D index was also good. Assessment of the physical components of SF-36 with CS, NS, OSS, UCLA and DASH showed a moderate to good association, while the mental components of SF-36 showed a low correlation (p > 0.05).

Conclusion The assessment of shoulder function after proximal humerus fracture showed a very strong correlation within the clinical questionnaires (CS/NS/UCLA) and the PROMs (OSS/DASH). A strong correlation also exists between the clinical questionnaires and the PROMs. There was only a moderate correlation with the EQ-5D. The moderate to strong correlation between the physical components of SF-36, with almost no correlation between the mental components of SF-36, indicates that the quality of life restriction is based on a physical, but not on a mental impairment.
Kardiale Amyloidose – Skelettszintigrafie und Amyloidspezifische PET-Tracer
Authors: Kessler Lukas , Papathanasiou Maria , Lüdike Peter
Published: September 2020

Dieser Artikel soll einen Überblick zur kardialen Amyloidose schaffen und gibt ein Update zum aktuellen Stand der nuklearmedizinischen Diagnostik bei kardialer Amyloidose. Im Fokus stehen hierbei vor allem die Skelettszintigrafie als etabliertes diagnostisches Verfahren sowie die Positronenemissionstomografie (PET) mit neueren Amyloid-spezifischen PET-Tracern.
Diagnostic limitations of magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging in early gastric cancer
Authors: Matsumoto Kohei , Ueyama Hiroya , Yao Takashi , Abe Daiki , Oki Shotaro , Suzuki Nobuyuki , Ikeda Atsushi , Yatagai Noboru , Akazawa Yoichi , Komori Hiroyuki , Takeda Tsutomu , Matsumoto Kenshi , Hojo Mariko , Nagahara Akihito
Published: September 2020

Background and study aims Magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging (M-NBI) has made a huge contribution to endoscopic diagnosis of early gastric cancer (EGC). However, we sometimes encountered false-negative cases with M-NBI diagnosis (i. e., M-NBI diagnostic limitation lesion: M-NBI-DLL). However, clinicopathological features of M-NBI-DLLs have not been well elucidated. We aimed to clarify the clinicopathological features and histological reasons of M-NBI-DLLs.

Patients and methods In this single-center retrospective study, M-NBI-DLLs were extracted from 456 EGCs resected endoscopically at our hospital. We defined histological types of M-NBI-DLLs and analyzed clinicopathologically to clarify histological reasons of M-NBI-DLLs.

Results Of 456 EGCs, 48 lesions (10.5 %) of M-NBI-DLLs were enrolled. M-NBI-DLLs was classified into four histological types as follows: gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic-gland type (GA-FG, n = 25), gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic-gland mucosal type (GA-FGM, n = 1), differentiated adenocarcinoma (n = 14), and undifferentiated adenocarcinoma (n = 8). Thirty-nine lesions of M-NBI-DLLs were H. pylori-negative gastric cancers (39/47, 82.9 %). Histological reasons for M-NBI-DLLs were as follows: 1) completely covered with non-neoplastic mucosa (25/25 GA-FG, 8/8 undifferentiated adenocarcinoma); 2) well-differentiated adenocarcinoma with low-grade atypia (1/1 GA-FGM, 14/14 differentiated adenocarcinoma); 3) similarity of surface structure (10/14 differentiated adenocarcinoma); and 4) partially covered and/or mixed with a non-neoplastic mucosa (1/1 GA-FGM, 6/14 differentiated adenocarcinoma).

Conclusions Diagnostic limitations of M-NBI depend on four distinct histological characteristics. For accurate diagnosis of M-NBI-DLLs, it may be necessary to fully understand endoscopic features of these lesions using white light imaging and M-NBI based on these histological characteristics and to take a precise biopsy.
Die Geschichte des ‚Freezing-of-gait‘ beim Parkinson-Syndrom – vom Phänomen zum Symptom
Authors: Klucken Jochen , Winkler Juergen , Krüger Rejko , Jost Wolfgang
Published: September 2020

In der Übersichtsarbeit wird der Hintergrund des Phänomens Freezing-of-Gait (FOG) beim Parkinson-Syndrom beleuchtet. Die Charakterisierung des Phänomens als Symptom und die unterschiedlich definierten Subtypen werden diskutiert. Dabei stellen die unterschiedlichen Ausprägungsformen eine erhebliche Herausforderung an die alltägliche Behandlung und auch an die einheitliche Diagnostik bei klinischen Studien dar. Die bisherigen, standardisierten Erfassungsmethoden mittels Fragebögen und semistandardisierten klinischen Untersuchungen werden in Relevanz zur patientenspezifischen Versorgung dargestellt. Bei den derzeitigen Therapieformen spielen neben der Optimierung der dopaminergen Medikation gezielte medikamentöse Optionen bislang keine wesentliche Rolle, was aber auch an der Trennschärfe der standardisierten Diagnostik liegen kann. Dadurch ist beim variantenreichen Phänomen FOG auch die Evidenzlage der Tiefen Hirnstimulation eingeschränkt. Im Alltag können hingegen Physiotherapie und Cueing-Strategien sehr gute Erfolge erzielen, auch wenn die Studienlage bzgl. höchster Evidenzklasse eher gering ist. Die Entwicklungen der Technologie scheinen sowohl die diagnostische Trennschärfe als auch das individualisierte „Cueing“-Angebot zu revolutionieren. Aber auch hier fehlen noch ausreichend große Studien, die diese Diagnostik- und Therapieformen hinterlegen. Trotzdem ist davon auszugehen, dass vielen Patienten diese „neuen Tools“ gerne nutzen werden und der Behandlungsalltag für Arzt und Physiotherapeuten entsprechend belebt wird.
HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis Overlapping Ossification of the Ligamentum Flavum
Authors: Gago Guilherme , Giacomini Luidia Varrone , Gibbon Frederico de Lima , Neto Euripedes Gomes de Carvalho , Kowacs Fernando , Ferreira Nelson Pires
Published: September 2020

HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is an important cause of nontraumatic and noncompressive chronic myelopathy which generally has no improvement regardless of treatment. On the other hand, ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF) is also a cause of myelopathy; however, it can improve in some cases when surgical treatment is well applied. In this case report, we presented a case of a patient with HAM/TSP overlapping OLF which showed some improvement with surgical treatment.
Vertebral Artery Loops and Cervicobrachial Pain
Authors: Sravani Nichanametla , Nagarajan Krishnan , Venkatesh Manchikanti , Negi Veer S. , Ramesh Andi S.
Published: September 2020

Vertebral artery loop formation is an uncommon anatomical variation which may be asymptomatic or can cause cervicobrachial pain, radiculopathy, or even bone erosions and enlargement of neural foramina. As this entity is one of the uncommon causes of cervical radiculopathy, this report aims to create awareness among radiologists and clinicians, as vertebral artery loops may be seen incidentally in routine neuroimaging. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with magnetic resonance (MR) angiography or multislice computerized tomography (CT) angiography plays an important role in diagnosing as well as creating a roadmap for the surgery.

Vertebral artery loop formation as a cause of radiculopathy is an uncommon condition. An abnormal course of vessel can lead to vascular injury during surgery, hence preoperative evaluation with CT or MRI is essential.1
2 Anomalous looping of vertebral artery can cause neurovascular compression apart from bony erosion, widening of vertebral foramen, and even vertebrobasilar insufficiency. Clinical features of vertebral artery loop formation can be radiculopathy, compression over cervical cord leading to sensory and motor deficit, and vertigo when associated with vertebra–basilar insufficiency, which is known as vascular vertigo. It has also been postulated that loop formation of vertebral artery can also lead to posterior circulation infarcts. Left vertebral artery is more prone for loop formation than the right vertebral artery, probably due to increased caliber in greater proportion of individuals. Multilevel and bilateral tortuosity can occur in younger patients rarely where imaging plays an important role.
A Meta-Analysis of Autologous Microsurgical Breast Reconstruction and Timing of Adjuvant Radiation Therapy
Authors: Heiman Adee J. , Gabbireddy Sairisheel R. , Kotamarti Vasanth S. , Ricci Joseph A.
Published: September 2020

Background Postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) decreases loco-regional recurrence and improves survival in patients with locally advanced breast cancer. Autologous free flap reconstruction, while more durable in the setting of radiation than alloplastic reconstruction, is still susceptible to radiation-induced fibrosis, contracture, fat necrosis, volume loss, and distortion of breast shape. Options for reconstruction timing (immediate vs. delayed) have been discussed to mitigate these effects, but a clear optimum is not known.

Methods A systematic review of the literature was conducted according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines using search terms “breast reconstruction AND (radiation OR irradiation OR radiotherapy)” were used. Inclusion criteria consisted of studies reporting complications for free flap breast reconstruction in the setting of PMRT. Patients who underwent PMRT were pooled into two groups: those who underwent immediate free flap reconstruction prior to PMRT and those who underwent delayed reconstruction after PMRT.

Results Out of the 23 studies, 12 focused on immediate reconstruction, seven focused on delayed reconstruction, and four studies included both groups. Overall, 729 patients underwent immediate reconstruction, while 868 underwent delayed reconstruction. Complete and partial flap loss rates were significantly higher in patients undergoing delayed reconstruction, while infection and wound-healing complication rates were higher in those undergoing immediate reconstructions. Rates of unplanned reoperations, vascular complications, hematoma/seroma, and fat necrosis did not differ significantly between the two groups. However, rates of planned revision surgeries were higher in the delayed reconstruction group.

Conclusion Immediate free flap breast reconstruction is associated with superior flap survival compared with delayed reconstruction. Rates of complications are largely comparable, and rates of revision surgeries are equivalent. The differences in long-term aesthetic outcomes are not, however, clearly assessed by the available literature. Even in the face of PMRT, immediate free flap breast reconstruction is an effective approach.
Eigenvalues of uncorrelated, density-difference matrices and the interpretation of Δ-self-consistent-field calculations
Authors: Ortiz J. V. , Zalik R. A.
Published: September 2020

Two theorems on the eigenvalues of differences of idempotent matrices determine the natural occupation numbers and orbitals of electronic detachment, attachment, or excitation that pertain to transitions between wavefunctions that each consist of a single Slater determinant. They are also applicable to spin density matrices associated with Slater determinants. When the ranks of the matrices differ, unit eigenvalues occur. In addition, there are ±w pairs of eigenvalues where |w| ≤ 1, whose values are related to overlaps, t, between the corresponding orbitals of Amos and Hall, and Löwdin by the formula w=±1−t212. Generalized overlap amplitudes, including Dyson orbitals and their probability factors, may be inferred from these eigenvalues, which provide numerical criteria for: classifying transitions according to the number of holes and particles in final states with respect to initial states, identifying the most important effects of orbital relaxation produced by self-consistent fields, and the analysis of Fukui functions. Two similar theorems that apply to sums of idempotent matrices regenerate formulae for the natural orbitals and occupation numbers of an unrestricted Slater determinant that were published first by Amos and Hall.
Instability breakup model of power-law fuel annular jets in slight multiple airflows
Authors: Guo Jin-Peng , Wang Yi-Bo , Bai Fu-Qiang , Du Qing
Published: September 2020

In this paper, a temporal instability model has been derived to explore the influence of slight multiple airflow movements for the power-law fuel annular jet. Adopting the method of linear approximation and considering two different disturbance modes, the power-law fuel jet dispersion equation has been obtained based on the initial and boundary conditions. The influence of dimensionless characteristic parameters for the annular jet is investigated. By solving the dispersion equation, it can be found that the para-sinuous mode is more likely to play a leading role. For low-speed cases, the outer crossflow gas promotes the instability of fuel annular jets more effectively, while the inner coaxial airflow has an obvious promotion impact on high-speed jets. Reducing the thickness of the fuel annular film will weaken the stable inertia of the fuel, make the fuel annular jet easier to break up, and enhance the primary breakup scale. Furthermore, increasing the outer or inner gas density can accelerate the annular spray breakup process, and also amplify the gain effect of airflows. Besides, pseudoplastic fluid annular jets are more unstable and more suitable as fuel for future use. These discussions aim for a better understanding of the power-law fuel annular jet breakup process with multiple airflows and provide theoretical guidance for practical applications.
Interface learning in fluid dynamics: Statistical inference of closures within micro–macro-coupling models
Authors: Pawar Suraj , Ahmed Shady E. , San Omer
Published: September 2020

Many complex multiphysics systems in fluid dynamics involve using solvers with varied levels of approximations in different regions of the computational domain to resolve multiple spatiotemporal scales present in the flow. The accuracy of the solution is governed by how the information is exchanged between these solvers at the interface, and several methods have been devised for such coupling problems. In this Letter, we construct a data-driven model by spatially coupling a microscale lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) solver and macroscale finite difference method (FDM) solver for reaction–diffusion systems. The coupling between the micro–macro-solvers has one to many mapping at the interface leading to the interface closure problem, and we propose a statistical inference method based on neural networks to learn this closure relation. The performance of the proposed framework in a bifidelity setting partitioned between the FDM and LBM domains shows its promise for complex systems where analytical relations between micro–macro-solvers are not available.
Response of photosynthate distribution in potato plants to different LED spectra
Authors: He Wei , Li Jin , Pu Min , Xu Zhi-Gang , Gan Lijun
Published: September 2020

Although light is essential to photosynthesis, few studies have examined the effects of different LED spectra on photosynthate distribution in potato plants. Therefore, we exposed tuberising potato plants to white (W), red (R), blue (B) and green (G) LED treatments and compared tuber development and carbohydrate partitioning among the plants. R-treated plants had greater photosynthetic leaf area during tuber development compared with those under other treatments, thus enhancing assimilation. Although R-treated plants had higher 13C assimilation in the leaves, stems and roots than those under B treatment, there was no difference in partitioning of 13C assimilation and yield in the tubers of each plant between R and B treatments. For the tuber size, R-treated plants had a higher ratio of large tubers (>20 g) and a lower ratio of small (2–20 g) and medium-sized (10–20 g) tubers than those under W. B-treated plants had more medium-sized and large tubers than those under W. The reason may be that plants under R treatment distributed more assimilated 13C in their first tuber than those under other treatments. By contrast, plants under B balanced photosynthate distribution among their tubers. Leaves under G treatment had lower photosynthetic efficiency and ΦPSII than those under W, R or B treatment, which resulted in lower 13C photosynthate allocation in organs and lower tuber yield per plant than in R and B treatments. Overall, R treatment promoted 13C assimilation and led to more large tubers than other treatments. B-treated plants distributed more photosynthates into tubers rather than other organs and showed balanced tuber development.
Spanish mid vowels as sociolinguistic variables in Galicia
Authors: de la Fuente Iglesias Mónica , Pérez Castillejo Susana
Published: September 2020

This paper analyzes the acoustic properties of Spanish stressed mid vowels from a corpus of over 2,800 tokens produced by
Galician-dominant bilinguals and Spanish monolinguals. Following principles of bilingual speech production theory, we explore whether these
vowels present lexically conditioned open variants [ɛ] and [ɔ] not present in monolingual Spanish. In combination with linguistic factors,
we also examine whether bilingual mid-vowel production in our corpus is related to social variables. Assuming a linguistic repertoires
perspective that links variation to identity performance, we argue that Spanish /e/ and /o/ are sociolinguistic variables in Galicia and
that the distribution of their variants can be exploited to perform social meaning.
Percepción comunitaria de la distinción fonemática de la /s/ y la /θ/ en hablantes andaluces
Authors: Molina-García Álvaro
Published: September 2020

En el presente trabajo se demuestra si la distancia acústica calculada anteriormente (Molina-García 2019) entre [θ] y [s] en función de sus grafías –〈s〉 y 〈z, ce, ci〉– de hablantes de Andalucía es
percibida por la comunidad de habla. A continuación, se comprueba si es posible predecir cuándo las realizaciones de [θ] proceden de series
léxicas con 〈s〉 (casa) y cuándo de series con 〈z, ce, ci〉 (caza). Finalmente, se describe la
percepción social de este proceso. Para ello, se grabaron las realizaciones de un informante de 23 años con estudios universitarios y de un
informante de 56 años con estudios básicos a partir de la lectura de 30 pares mínimos [s]-[θ]. 54 jueces debían predecir qué palabra habían
leído. Los resultados muestran que la distancia acústica es percibida, que no diferencian las realizaciones del informante con el patrón
vernacular (ceceo) y que la distancia acústica goza de prestigio social.
Seeds of change
Authors: García Christina
Published: September 2020

Intervocalic /s/ voicing is of much interest recently in Hispanic Linguistics for two principal reasons: this
feature has been attested in diverse dialects of Spanish, and it has been shown to correlate in production and perception with
social factors (Davidson 2014; Chappell
2016; García 2019; among others). One finding that often surfaces is that male
speakers voice more than female speakers, and recent studies consider whether this may be due to physiological differences (File-Muriel, Brown, and Gradoville 2015; Chappell and
García 2017). The present study examines the interaction of gender, age, and interspeaker variation in the voicing of
intervocalic /s/ in the speech of 31 natives of Loja, Ecuador. While variationist studies overwhelmingly show women leading change
in progress, I argue that young men are leading voicing in Lojano Spanish and that this study of a smaller, non-English speaking
community further elucidates the intricacies of gender and linguistic change.
Effect of TiB2 particle size on the material transfer behaviour of Cu–TiB2 composites
Authors: Guo Xiuhua , Song Kexing , Xu Wang , Li Guohui , Zhang Zaoli
Published: September 2020

Cu-5.8vol.-%TiB2 composites reinforced with different sized TiB2 particles were prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The arc erosion resistance was examined using a JF04C electrical contact instrument. The results indicate that the TiB2 particle size and contact currents have important effects on the material transfer mode. Both lower mass loss and relative mass transfer was observed in the Cu-5.8vol.-%TiB2 composites reinforced with fine TiB2 particles (10 um, 30 um) compared to those with coarse TiB2 particles (70 um, 110 um). The investigation and analysis of the microstructure and arc erosion mechanism show uniform distribution of fine TiB2 particles in the copper matrix can significantly improve the viscosity of the molten pool and decrease the splashing of molten Cu.