bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Thermal Characterization of Dysprosium Zirconate
Authors: Mikuśkiewicz Marta , Stopyra Michał , Moskal Grzegorz
Published: November 2014

Results of investigations related to synthesis and thermal properties analysis of the Dy2Zr2O7phase was presented in this article. This material was obtained during high temperature synthesis in an actual pressure of 15 MPa, in vacuum of 3×10-6MPa, and at 1350°C with 2 hours of exposure. Feedstock materials were submicrocrystalline powders of dysprosia Dy2O3and zirconia ZrO2. Both powders were mechanically blended in alcohol before the sintering process. The final product was analysed from the phase’s composition point of view. It was revealed that main constituent elements were dysprosium zirconate with an overall formula of Dy2Zr2O7and others were Dy zirconates with a non-stoichiometric character. The presence of zirconia was found with tetragonal types of unite cell. This fact evidences that partial dissolution of Dy2O3in ZrO2took place. The obtained material was characterized by calorimetric investigations in the thermal range from 25 to 1450°C.
Mechanical Properties of AlSi9Mg Alloy with a Sodium Modifier
Authors: Lipiński Tomasz , Szabracki Paweł
Published: November 2014

Al–Si alloys are among the most popular casting metals. Two-component aluminium alloys with silicon are not suitable for direct use after melting. Subject to their silicon content, Al Si alloys have a coarse-grained eutectic phase, and alloys with more than 13% Si content also feature large crystallites or β-phase needles. The β-phase is hard, but also fragile. Large crystallites are good planes of division, and they reduce the mechanical properties of alloys.In this study, the Al-9% Si alloy was refined with a sodium modifier. The modifier was added to the mould by the in-mould method. The modifier's influence on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy was presented graphically. The results of the analysis indicate that the compound modifier influenced the evaluated properties of the Al-9%Si hypoeutectic alloy.
Towards restoration of human identity: Practical Theology exploring possibilities of re-imagining the discourse of reconciliation and social cohesion in South Africa
Authors: Manyaka Semape J.
Published: November 2014

‘Social cohesion’ is a concept that many researchers agree is not easily defined. However, all definitions do agree that it is about a combination of processes. In this article I have adopted the Jenson definition (1998:4), as ‘a process of developing a community of shared values, shared challenges and equal opportunities within South Africa, based on trust, hope, and reciprocity among all South Africans’.Through this process the restoration of human identity will emerge out of the fragmentation caused by the apartheid government before the new democratic order of 1994. It is the aim of the new government to engage in this process (Cloete & Kotze 2009:43), with the result that many of those with broken human identities are beginning to participate in the developing new order.I have also chosen to explore transversal discourses in this article. These discourses favour an interdisciplinary approach. They allow different disciplines to have conversations without assimilation, and, while rooted in their own belief systems, they are still capable of sharing with others. In South Africa, we come from different backgrounds, but our backgrounds should have no power to keep us apart or locked in our own prisons.The article follows the tenets of postfoundationalist practical theology, and is based in the interdisciplinary paradigm. It promotes reflection on the ‘presence of God’ without using force, or judging those who do not share my faith. In this approach all voices receive equal treatment: participants are free to say what they believe and to express themselves openly; it also means theologians can participate freely in the debate on social cohesion. This is a never-ending journey; each one of us must play our role and never give up.
Dressing down criminals, deviants and other undesirabless
Authors: Neufeld Dietmar
Published: November 2014

Fear of just censure and the sense of shame it produced kept Roman citizens from doing wrong (Cic. Rep. 5.6). Invective functioned socially as a strategy of social sanction. One amongst a number of commonly identified topics of accusation in the Roman tradition of ridicule was unusual appearance, clothing or demeanour. Not surprisingly, John the Baptist emerges from the desert attired distinctly, demoniacs come out of the tombs so fierce that no one would pass by them (Mt 8:28), a man with an unclean spirit lives amongst the tombs and, even though adorned with fetters and chains, cannot be controlled (Mk 5:15–20). Herod pretentiously puts on the royal robes and is eaten by worms and dies (Ac 12:21). A woman uninvited enters a rich man’s dinner party with an alabaster flask of perfume and anoints the feet of Jesus (Lk 7:38). Clearly, in each case, unusual appearance, clothing, and demeanour suggest a lapse from the appropriate, socially acceptable style of deportment and clothing. Oddities in dress and demeanour were equated with oddities in behaviour and provided a powerful rhetorical means of excluding undesirables from society.
Chrysostom’s reception of Luke 19:8b (the declaration of Zacchaeus)
Authors: Van der Bergh Ronald H.
Published: November 2014

This article investigates the reception of Luke 19:8b in the works of Chrysostom. The ambiguous nature of Luke 19:8b in its Lukan context provides a glimpse into Chrysostom’s thoughts on this passage. In asking the question of how Chrysostom viewed Zacchaeus’s salvation to be effected (cf. the direct speech of Jesus in Luke 19:9−10), the article demonstrates that Chrysostom’s consistent concern, wherever reference to Luke 19:8b is made, is with adequate compensation to people who have been wronged. The article also points out how Chrysostom did not shy away from making slight changes to the biblical narrative to convey this message.
Gesinsbediening in ’n postmoderne kerk: Modelle en metodes
Authors: Van Staden Jacobus M.
Published: November 2014

Family ministry in a postmodern church. The aim of the article is to reflect on the necessity for family ministry in the church today, and to explore different models and methods for doing it. This article must be understood against the backdrop of the challenges facing mainline churches, of which the decline in numbers, the lack of support for programmes and initiatives on behalf of families, and the apparent inability to minister effectively to young people, are the most pressing. Since the early church there has been a close relationship between church and home. Not only did rituals and liturgies spill from the gathered congregation into homes; metaphors from family life also provided images and language to the early church. In the last few decades there has been a rekindled interest in the home as the primary incubator for faith formation. Several books, articles, organisations, programs, consultants and churches have described their approach as ‘family ministry’. From a practical-theological viewpoint, there must be a set of criteria by which these approaches could be evaluated. This article aims to contribute in this regard, and to critique different approaches to family ministry.
Being treated like ‘waste’ during the ‘golden years’: Practical-theological perspectives
Authors: Theron Petria M.
Published: November 2014

The South African Government published the Older Persons Act no. 13 of 2006. The objectives of the Act are inter alia to maintain and promote the status, well-being, safety and security of older persons, to maintain and protect their rights and to combat abuse of older persons. This act is indispensable, as the elderly (people of 65 and older) form a growing segment of the South African population (4.767% in 1996 − 5.019% in 2011). They are in many regards extremely vulnerable, as they often face negative views regarding older people, experience discrimination, abuse, neglect and exploitation. Many atrocities are committed against them and one hears horror stories of older people who are abused and/or neglected by their own children and/or other people. One could almost say that these people, during their so-called ‘golden years’, are treated like ‘human waste’. I will investigate this phenomenon and attempt to interpret it within the South African context. I will then identify certain biblical guidelines to orientate one’s attitude towards old age and the elderly. To conclude, I will propose strategies to prevent elder abuse and restore human dignity to them.
‘My city of ruins’: A city to come
Authors: Meylahn Johann-Albrecht
Published: November 2014

‘My city of ruins’ is the title of a song by Bruce Springsteen and will accompany a public theological reflection of imagining alternative cities. A city of ruins is either a city of ruins in the sense that it is a city in ruins. Alternatively it is a city of ruins in the sense that it is a city that is built from ruins, like a phoenix rising from the ashes. The article will reflect on the second alternative namely the poiesis of a habitable, sustainable and political space (polis) in a time when all the meta-discourses of constructing and social engineering lie in ruins (have been deconstructed). The article will focus on Derrida’s ideas of deconstruction and the hope and prayer of perhaps. Springsteen’s song includes the prayer: ‘come on, come on, rise up!’ A city of ruins prayed into existence, rising up by the call (prayer) of those longing for a liveable, sustainable city to rise up from the ruins of too many empty promises of the various political agendas. Creating and imagining a city of prayer, which involves the prayers for justice incarnate in the broken language (ruined language) of revolutions, and transformations and political construction, thus calls a city of promise into existence.
Die betekenis van ritueelteorie vir rousmartpastoraat
Authors: Bothe-Smith Santie , Dreyer Yolanda
Published: November 2014

The value of ritual theory for pastoral care in times of grief. In this article the focus is on ritual theory and its relevance for pastoral care during the grief process. For these purposes the first task at hand is finding an appropriate description of what ritual implies, especially in the context of pastoral care. It includes studying different descriptions from different study fields to provide a broad theoretical view of ritual and to identify relevant perspectives. This view is narrowed to ritual as performance as well as legitimisation of experience. Concerning the pastoral aspect of grief care the research mainly focuses on the work of the Dutch practical theologian, Corja Menken-Bekius and the American practical theologian David Hogue. Menken-Bekius’ works on ritual from a clinical pastoral perspective while Hogue gives a neuropsychological perspective. Included in the processing of these two views are the works of anthropologist, Roy Rappaport and psychologist, Onno Van der Hart. Finding a description of ritual is not an easy task. The one offered is created with careful consideration of the inclusions and exclusions within the ‘idea’ of ritual. Meaning is subjective when it comes to ritual. A general meaning might be ascribed to a specific ritual, yet each individual might have a different experience and might attach different meanings. This happens unwittingly and unwillingly. What is found to be important in the rituals proposed in this article, is the ability of rituals to provide a framework of order within a situation of chaos and that it also creates a moment of remembrance.
Concrete spirituality
Authors: Kritzinger Johannes N.J.
Published: November 2014

This article reflects on a number of liturgical innovations in the worship of Melodi ya Tshwane, an inner-city congregation of the Uniting Reformed Church in Southern Africa (URCSA). The focus of the innovations was to implement the understanding of justice in Article 4 of the Confession of Belhar, a confessional standard of the URCSA. The basic contention of the article is that well designed liturgies that facilitate experiences of beauty can nurture a concrete spirituality to mobilise urban church members for a justice-seeking lifestyle. After exploring the message of Article 4 of Belhar, the article analyses eight liturgical features of Melodi ya Tshwane, showing how beauty and justice interact in those acts of worship.
Doing urban public theology in South Africa: Introducing a new agenda
Authors: Swart Ignatius , De Beer Stephan
Published: November 2014

This article serves as the introductory, first contribution to a special collection of articles on the theme, ‘Doing urban public theology in South Africa: Visions, approaches, themes and practices towards a new agenda’. The aim of the article is to set the conceptual and hermeneutical framework for undertaking urban public theology as a very intentional, new agenda in South African theological scholarship. The authors assert that public theology in South Africa has, despite its established position today, not embedded itself in, or intentionally engaged itself with, the contextual challenges of South African cities and urban environments by and large. This assertion leads them to pay attention to the urban as a distinctive but contested development concern in present-day South Africa, to the way in which current public theological practice is lacking behind in engaging itself with this development concern, and to the important hermeneutical question of what it would entail to make an authentic, theological contribution towards meeting the challenges of the urban in South Africa in response to the current neglect. Although by no means intended as exhaustive and all-encompassing in terms of the subject matter, the authors end by appreciating the rest of the articles in the special collection as a first offer to the anticipated urban public theological agenda that they have started to identify in this article.
Postoperative seizure following transforaminal percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy
Authors: Kertmen Hayri , Gürer Bora , Yilmaz Erdal , Sekerci Zeki
Published: November 2014

Endoscopic surgery for lumbar disc herniation has been available for more than 30 years. Transforaminal percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy is a well-known, safe, and effective method used for the treatment of the lumbar disc herniation. The published complications of the transforaminal percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy consist of infections, thrombophlebitis, dysesthesia, dural tear, vascular injury, and death. Seizure after transforaminal percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy is an extremely rare complication. A 20-year-old patient applied at our department who had undergone transforaminal percutaneous endoscopic lumbar. During the procedure, while performing the discography, non-ionic contrast media was administered into the thecal sac inadvertently. Two hours after surgery, the patient developed generalized tonic-clonic seizure of 5-min duration. Diagnosis of iohexol-induced seizure was made and the patient was treated supportively without anti-epileptics. Here we present the first case of seizure after transforaminal percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy, which was caused by inadvertent administration of the contrast media into the thecal sac.
Bilateral cervico-dorsal gossypiboma presenting as discharging sinus
Authors: Kumar Sushil , Abbey Pooja , Handa Amit
Published: November 2014

Retained surgical sponge is an uncommon complication after laminectomy. A 67-year-old male presented with a discharging sinus in the cervical region following cervical laminectomy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed bilateral symmetrical lesions in the paraspinal area. Re-exploration revealed gauze pieces on either side under the muscle. Persistent discharging wound after surgery should arouse the possibility of a foreign body. Because of the rarity of bilateral lesions, the present case is being reported.
Corruption, the State and the Challenge of Social Stability in Nigeria
Authors: Nwankwo L N
Published: November 2014

Nigeria, and indeed many African countries, rank high on both the corruption and failed state indices. This means that there is high incidence of corruption and more likelihood of social instability. Beside the feed back loop between corruption and social instability, scholars use different approaches to make sense of the endemic nature of corruption and the volatility of the Nigerian polity. One of such approaches is the underdevelopment theory which focuses mainly on socio-economic factors. Another approach focuses on cultural issues. Without denying the usefulness of these approaches, it is my view that the mode of introduction of the State as the socio-political structure for organizing society and the nature of the relationship that has developed between the State and the Nigerian society contribute to the endemic nature of corruption and the social instability that plagues the country. A healthier Nigerian polity can only emerge if these elements are reviewed and corrected.
Polish Tulasnellales 1. Tulasnella inclusa (Christ.) Donk
Authors: Wojewoda Władysław
Published: November 2014

The author examined Polish collections of Tulasnella. One species of this genus Tulasnella inclusa (Christ.) Donk, is new to the mycoflora of Poland. This is the second find of this species in the world: hitherto it was reported only from Denmark. The present paper includes a list of Polish localities, a characterization of morphology and microscopical structure of this fungus.
Devenir petit : réinventer la tradition sur les scènes miniatures
Authors: Sussman Mark , Chénetier-Alev Marion
Published: November 2014

Cet article situe les pratiques marionnettiques traditionnelles que sont le « théâtre de jouets » et le « théâtre de papier » dans le cadre plus large d’une redécouverte des formes scéniques en miniature développées par l’avant-garde. Notre réflexion s’inspire, à cet égard, de la notion de faculté mimétique de Walter Benjamin, associée à la capacité propre des enfants à jouer en faisant appel à cette faculté. Elle établit par ailleurs un parallèle entre l’esprit postdramatique dans lequel évolue la performance contemporaine, un certain théâtre d’objets répandu en Occident dans les cercles traditionnels ainsi que chez les amateurs et la prolifération d’espaces perfomatifs contemporains intégrant des paysages en modèle réduit ou en miniature. Nous défendons enfin l’hypothèse selon laquelle les nouvelles formes scéniques en modèle réduit partagent avec les genres traditionnels de la marionnette des éléments relatifs à la manière dont les acteurs interagissent avec les objets inanimés.
Le Corps-Peste d’Antonin Artaud face à la cruauté de l’espace vital
Authors: Kuchyts Challier Tatsiana
Published: November 2014

Restituer à l’homme la fonction du sujet de sa propre existence – non pas éternelle, figée dans le non-être par un esprit sain, mais celle sempiternelle qui, à chaque instant, se réinvente avec un corps à jamais incréé –, fut le projet d’Antonin Artaud. Pour ce faire, le théâtre qu’il imagine se fera le double de son inventeur lequel anime seul, sur la scène de son esprit, le spectacle de sa recréation. Ainsi la magie du théâtre artaudien réconcilie-t-elle les antagonistes – le corps et ses deux espaces –, les transmutant en une indivisible unité rêvée par son auteur. Cet article vise à reconstituer ce parcours à travers l’oeuvre et la biographie d’Antonin Artaud.
Pratiques alimentaires, choix et individualisation : l’intérêt de la démarche biographique
Authors: Abramson Julia
Published: November 2014

Les choix alimentaires constituent un élément essentiel du travail d’individualisation. Le marché et les conditions d’abondance alimentaire imposent actuellement le régime du choix : aux consommateurs de faire leurs choix et d’en justifier les raisons. Le parcours alimentaire étant primordial, complexe et dynamique, la sociologie se doit d’étudier les expériences des individus, comme point de départ pour l’analyse des grandes tendances. La démarche biographique relève les significations multiples — historique, culturelle, personnelle, sociale — du parcours alimentaire et met en lumière les articulations de l’individu avec ses diverses instances de socialisation : famille, amis, université, profession, ville, pays, virtuel, foi, loisirs, voyages et autres. Sous le régime du choix, le parcours alimentaire se révèle être une série de défis renouvelés journellement et qu’il faut négocier. Cet essai propose un modèle de biographie alimentaire, dont les détails indiquent le dépassement de catégories traditionnelles à l’analyse, telles que la nationalité.
La contrebande caraïbe et la première « américanisation » de l’empire (1723-1763)
Authors: Venegoni Giovanni
Published: November 2014

En 1967, Charles Frostin, historien spécialiste de l’étude de la colonie française de Saint-Domingue, proposait une première interprétation « atlantique » du procès d’« américanisation » de la société locale. À son avis, au XVIIIe siècle, le rôle de la contrebande avait été centrale, à la fois comme instrument de communication et vecteur d’échange de sentiments autonomistes. Cette approche historique, minoritaire à l’époque, fut largement reprise depuis les années 1980. Toutefois, de récentes recherches ont démontré qu’il reste encore beaucoup à étudier pour comprendre la complexité des lignes évolutives des communautés dominguoises du XVIIIe siècle.
Introduction, development, and evaluation of the miniclinical evaluation exercise in postgraduate education of chiropractors
Authors: Paravicini Inga , Peterson Cynthia K.
Published: November 2014

Objective

To determine if the clinical evaluation exercise (CEX) format is reliable, applicable and useful for evaluating clinical competency in the postgraduate chiropractic program as formative feedback.

Methods

Twelve mini-CEX clinical encounters were evaluated by 2 assessors per clinical encounter (7 assessors per session) in 23 chiropractic residents over a 12-month period. Two different rating scales (9 point and 5 point) were used, and the 2 assessors completed the forms independently. Individual competencies assessed consisted of history taking, physical examination, organization/efficiency, clinical judgment, professionalism/communication, counseling, and overall clinical performance. Interassessor reliability was calculated using κ and intraclass correlation coefficient statistics. Cronbach α assessed internal consistency of the mini-CEX. Spearman correlation coefficient evaluated correlation between the various competencies. The Mann-Whitney U test evaluated differences between the assessors' median numerical scores.

Results

The κ value for the 9-point rating scale was 0.31 (fair) and for the 5-point scale was 0.42 (moderate) with statistically significant intraclass correlation values (p < .05) for 4 of the 6 competencies. High correlation coefficients (p = .0001) were found when comparing the various competencies at each clinical encounter. There were no significant differences between the 2 assessors per clinical encounter for the scores awarded to the residents.

Conclusions

The mini-CEX is a reliable and useful tool to provide valuable formative feedback to postgraduate chiropractic residents. The 5-point grading scale was more user-friendly with better reliability.
Burnout syndrome in nurses acting in primary care: an impact on quality of life
Authors: Holmes Ericka Silva , Santos Sérgio Ribeiro dos , Farias Jamilton Alves , Costa Maria Bernadete de Sousa
Published: November 2014

OBJETIVO: Investigar a repercussão da Síndrome de Burnout (SB) na qualidade de vida dos enfermeiros que atuam na atenção básica do município de João Pessoa-PB. MÉTODOS: Estudo exploratório, de abordagem quantitativa realizada com 45 enfermeiros dos serviços de atenção básica de saúde. Os dados foram coletados nos meses de maio e junho de 2013, através de questionários, após aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa CAAE n° 15506913.1.0000.5188. Os dados foram apurados e analisados com base na estatística descritiva. RESULTADOS: Os resultados mostraram que 5 (11,1%) enfermeiras possuem sintomas do Burnout, enquanto que 7 (15,5%) têm alto risco para desenvolver a síndrome. CONCLUSÃO: Com esse estudo pode-se concluir que os sintomas da SB estão presentes nos enfermeiros da Atenção Básica, sendo a exaustão emocional o marco precursor para o seu desenvolvimento. DESCRITORES: Enfermagem, Qualidade de vida, Burnout, Saúde do Trabalhador.
Humanization of neonatal care: the conception of the nursing team
Authors: Morais Rita de Cássia Melão , Marcatto Michelli
Published: November 2014

Este estudo teve como objeto de pesquisa a concepção do cuidado neonatal humanizado na visão da equipe enfermagem. Objetivo: conhecer a concepção de cuidado neonatal humanizado na visão da equipe enfermagem. Método: trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa que utilizou para coleta de dados a entrevista semiestruturada com 23 membros da Equipe de enfermagem de uma UTIN de um hospital universitário da cidade de Curitiba no primeiro semestre de 2010. Resultados: obtiveram-se quatro categorias, através da Análise de Conteúdo. Conclusão: notou-se que os profissionais reconhecem a importância da presença dos pais com neonato, propiciando o cuidado humanizado da equipe de enfermagem ao recém-nascido.
Sociodemographic factors associated with mortality of women in fertile age in Rio Grande do Norte
Authors: Lima Iraci Duarte de , Barbosa de França Thaís Lorena , Silva Juliano José , Pessoa da Silva Kamila Maiane
Published: November 2014

Objetivo: Identificar os fatores sociodemográficos associados com a mortalidade de mulheres em idade fértil do Rio Grande do Norte no período de 2006 a 2010. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, quantitativo com dados coletados através do Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade e processados pelo teste de associação qui-quadrado. Resultados: 59,1% dos óbitos ocorreram por causas evitáveis sendo as principais causas básicas: neoplasias, doenças cardíacas e do aparelho circulatório e causas externas. Os óbitos crescem proporcionalmente com a faixa etária e foram associados com anos de estudo, ocupação e origem da instituição de ocorrência. Conclusão: Os resultados indicam fragilidades na qualidade da assistência oferecida e apontam para a necessidade de investimentos em ações que reduzam a desigualdade no acesso aos serviços de atendimento básico garantindo qualidade e resolutividade em todos os níveis de atenção a saúde.
Dynamic Fluoroalkyl Polyethylene Glycol Co‐Polymers: A New Strategy for Reducing Protein Adhesion in Lab‐on‐a‐Chip Devices
Authors: Sarvothaman Mahesh K. , Kim Kris S. , Seale Brendon , Brodersen Peter M. , Walker Gilbert C. , Wheeler Aaron R.
Published: November 2014

Non‐specific adsorption of biomolecules (or “biofouling”) is a major problem in microfluidics and many other applications. The problem is particularly pernicious in digital microfluidics (DMF, a technique in which droplets are manipulated electrodynamically on an array of electrodes coated with a hydrophobic insulator), as local increases in surface energy that arise from fouling can cause droplet movement to fail. We report a new solution to this problem: a device coating bearing a combination of fluorinated poly(ethylene glycol) functionalities (FPEG) and perfluorinated methacrylate (FA) moieties. A range of different FPEG‐FA copolymers were synthesized containing varying amounts of FPEG relative to the fluorinated backbone. Coatings with low%FPEG were found to result in significant reductions in protein adsorption and improvements in device lifetime (up to 5.5‐fold) relative to the state of the art. An analysis of surface topology and chemistry suggests that FPEG‐FA surfaces undergo a dynamic reconstruction upon activation by applying DMF driving potentials, with FPEG groups forming vertical protrusions out of the plane of the device surface. An analysis of changes in surface wettability and adhesion as a function of activation supports this hypothesis. This innovation represents an advance for digital microfluidics, and may also find use in other applications that are currently limited by biofouling.
Soft Processing of Graphene Nanosheets by Glycine‐Bisulfate Ionic‐Complex‐Assisted Electrochemical Exfoliation of Graphite for Reduction Catalysis
Authors: Rao Kodepelly Sanjeeva , Sentilnathan Jaganathan , Cho Hsun‐Wei , Wu Jih‐Jen , Yoshimura Masahiro
Published: November 2014

This study demonstrates a mild, environmentally friendly, and cost‐effective soft processing approach for the continuous synthesis of high‐quality, few‐layer graphene nanosheets. This has been achieved via electrochemical exfoliation of graphite, using an environmentally friendly glycine‐bisulfate ionic complex and was performed under ambient reaction conditions. Graphene nanosheets with 2–5 layers were obtained under optimized exfoliation conditions using a 15 wt% glycine‐bisulfate (aqueous) solution, with working biases of +1 V and +3 V applied for 5 min. The role of the glycine‐bisulfate ionic complex in the electrochemical exfoliation process was confirmed through comparison with a control experiment using only sulfuric acid as the electrolyte. A plausible electrochemical exfoliation mechanism that involves the formation of surface molecule nuclei via the polymerization of intercalated monomeric HSO4− and SO42− ions is proposed. The ionic complex plays a key role in the anodic graphite exfoliation via electrochemical‐potential‐induced intercalation, leading to an efficient expansion of graphite sheets via the insertion of oxygen functional groups.
A Free‐Standing and Ultralong‐Life Lithium‐Selenium Battery Cathode Enabled by 3D Mesoporous Carbon/Graphene Hierarchical Architecture
Authors: Han Kai , Liu Zhao , Shen Jingmei , Lin Yuyuan , Dai Fang , Ye Hongqi
Published: November 2014

High capacity cathode materials for long‐life rechargeable lithium batteries are urgently needed. Selenium cathode has recently attracted great research attention due to its comparable volumetric capacity to but much better electrical conductivity than widely studied sulfur cathode. However, selenium cathode faces similar issues as sulfur (i.e., shuttling of polyselenides, volumetric expansion) and high performance lithium‐selenium batteries (Li–Se) have not yet been demonstrated at selenium loading >60% in the electrode. In this work, a 3D mesoporous carbon nanoparticles and graphene hierarchical architecture to storage selenium as binder‐free cathode material (Se/MCN‐RGO) for high energy and long life Li–Se batteries is presented. Such architecture not only provides the electrode with excellent electrical and ionic conductivity, but also efficiently suppresses polyselenides shuttling and accommodates volume change during charge/discharge. At selenium content of 62% in the entire cathode, the free‐standing Se/MCN‐RGO exhibits high discharge capacity of 655 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C (97% of theoretical capacity) and long cycling stability with a very small capacity decay of 0.008% per cycle over 1300 cycles at 1 C. The present report demonstrates significant progress in the development of high capacity cathode materials for long‐life Li batteries and flexible energy storage device.
Single‐Step Assembly of Large‐Area, Transparent Conductive Patterns Induced Through Edge Adsorption of Template‐Confined Au‐Thiocyanate
Authors: Yin Xiuxiu , Vinod T. P. , Mogiliansky Dimitry , Jelinek Raz
Published: November 2014

Fabrication of patterned metallic films through chemical means is a primary objective in the emerging field of “bottom‐up” lithography. We present a simple technology for generating large area, highly uniform patterns of conductive gold microwires. The approach is based upon dissolution of a gold complex, Au(SCN)4−, in an organic‐solvent/water mixture and confining the solution underneath polymeric molds. We show that Au(SCN)4− undergoes spontaneous crystallization/reduction, producing metallic Au microwires tracing the contours of the templates. Importantly, no shape‐directing molecules or reducing agents are required for Au microwire formation, as the thiocyanate ligands both donate the reducing electrons as well as direct the crystallization process of the Au patterns. We demonstrate application of the new technology for creating highly transparent conductive films.
Ionische Flüssigkeiten: nicht nur strukturell, sondern auch dynamisch heterogen
Authors: Zheng Zhuan‐Ping , Fan Wen‐Hui , Roy Soham , Mazur Kamila , Nazet Andreas , Buchner Richard , Bonn Mischa , Hunger Johannes
Published: November 2014

Die komplexe und heterogene Struktur von ionischen Flüssigkeiten wurde in den vergangenen Jahren aufgezeigt, ihre Auswirkung auf die Dynamik blieb jedoch offen. Hier verwenden wir Femtosekunden‐IR‐Spektroskopie, um die lokale strukturelle Dynamik in protischen Alkylammonium‐basierten ionischen Flüssigkeiten aufzuklären. Die Strukturrelaxation nach einem ultraschnellen Temperatursprung, der auf die Schwingungsanregung und Schwingungsrelaxation der N‐D‐ (oder N‐H‐Streckschwingung) folgt, ist in den ionischen und hydrophoben Unterstrukturen sehr unterschiedlich. Die Dynamik der ionischen Domänen wird durch die Länge der Alkylkette kaum beeinflusst und ist folglich von der Viskosität entkoppelt. Die Relaxation in den hydrophoben Bereichen, die durch die Dynamik der C‐H‐Streckschwingung zugänglich ist, ist um einen Faktor zwei schneller als die Dynamik in den ionischen Bereichen und zeigt eine bemerkenswert niedrige thermische Aktivierungsenergie.
Handling New Topics for the Board's Attention
Authors: Oliver Caroline
Published: November 2014

Our changing world keeps throwing up new subjects for boards' attention. Here, Board Leadership editor, Caroline Oliver, looks at how to avoid diluting the board's focus to the point that dealing effectively with the issues involved becomes impossible.
Manage loose cannons with FERPA training
Authors: Rainsberger Richard
Published: November 2014

Loose cannon: An unpredictable person or thing, liable to cause damage if not kept in check by others.
Acute, subacute, and long‐term evaluation of a novel endovascular occlusion system in a large animal model
Authors: Venbrux Anthony , Gailloud Philippe , Radvany Martin G. , Rudakov Leon , Emmert Maximilian Y. , Plass Andre , Rousselle Serge D. , Tellez Armando
Published: November 2014

Objectives

Endovascular occlusion of blood vessels represents a key component of interventional therapy. While coils are most commonly used, vessel occlusion is generally not achieved immediately and may necessitate a large number of devices. It has been suggested that endovascular plugs may overcome these limitations; however, immediate and durable occlusion remains a challenge with plugs as well. This study evaluates a newly designed endovascular occlusion system (EOS)

Methods

The EOS combines a nitinol coil with an impermeable membranous cap made of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene. The coil offers sufficient radial force to expand the membrane and minimize post‐deployment migration. Fifteen test devices were deployed in the iliac (external and internal) and femoral arteries of five miniature swine, while two commercially available devices (platinum coils and a vascular plug) were used as controls in one miniswine. Angiography was performed 1, 5, and 10 minutes after device implantation. Follow‐up angiography was obtained either on day 29 or day 61, prior to devices harvesting for histological evaluation and biocompatibility assessment.

Results

No clinical complications were observed in the animals throughout the study course. All test devices were deployed as intended, and produced complete and immediate vessel‐occlusion. No recanalization or acute migration was observed within 10 minutes of deployment, whereas five test devices had migrated between 5 and 15 mm at follow‐up angiography. Complete and durable vessel‐occlusion without any sign of recanalization was observed in all EOS devices during the follow‐up period.

Conclusion

The EOS is a safe and reliable device resulting in immediate and durable vessel occlusion in the peripheral arterial circulation. While no device migration was observed in the pelvic area, it was observed with five test and one control devices in the vicinity of highly mobile articulations, leading to the conclusion that occlusion devices should not be placed within hypermobile areas such as the hip joint. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fluorescence Enhancement of Covalently Linked 1‐Cyano‐1,2‐diphenylethene Chromophores with Naphthalene‐1,8‐diyl Linker Units: Analysis Based on Kinetic Constants
Authors: Hirose Takashi , Tsunoi Yohei , Fujimori Yuya , Matsuda Kenji
Published: November 2014

The fluorescence enhancement effect of covalently fixed fluorescent chromophores has been investigated by means of kinetic analysis of decay rate constants and theoretical calculations. Derivatives of 1‐cyano‐1,2‐diphenylethene dimer have a distorted cyclic structure when both ends are clipped with two naphthalene‐1,8‐diyl linker units. In contrast to the reference monomer derivative, which exhibits only slight fluorescence in solution (Φf<0.01, τf<0.1 ns), the dimer derivative shows high fluorescence quantum yield (Φf=0.55) and long lifetime (τf=20.6 ns) in dilute solution owing to suppression of the nonradiative decay process (knr=0.022 ns−1). A V‐shaped derivative with a covalent linker on one side showed moderate quantum yield and lifetime (Φf=0.12, τf=4.9 ns). According to the wavelength shifts of the absorption/fluorescence bands and theoretical calculations by time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT), we propose an H‐aggregate‐type excimer interaction.
Activation Parameters as Mechanistic Probes in the TAML Iron(V)–Oxo Oxidations of Hydrocarbons
Authors: Kundu Soumen , Thompson Jasper Van Kirk , Shen Longzhu Q. , Mills Matthew R. , Bominaar Emile L. , Ryabov Alexander D. , Collins Terrence J.
Published: November 2014

The results of low‐temperature investigations of the oxidations of 9,10‐dihydroanthracene, cumene, ethylbenzene, [D10]ethylbenzene, cyclooctane, and cyclohexane by an iron(V)–oxo TAML complex (2; see Figure 1) are presented, including product identification and determination of the second‐order rate constants k2 in the range 233–243 K and the activation parameters (ΔH≠ and ΔS≠). Statistically normalized k2 values (log k2′) correlate linearly with the CH bond dissociation energies DCH, but ΔH≠ does not. The point for 9,10‐dihydroanthracene for the ΔH≠ vs. DCH correlation lies markedly off a common straight line of best fit for all other hydrocarbons, suggesting it proceeds via an alternate mechanism than the rate‐limiting CH bond homolysis promoted by 2. Contribution from an electron‐transfer pathway may be substantial for 9,10‐dihydroanthracene. Low‐temperature kinetic measurements with ethylbenzene and [D10]ethylbenzene reveal a kinetic isotope effect of 26, indicating tunneling. The tunnel effect is drastically reduced at 0 °C and above, although it is an important feature of the reactivity of TAML activators at lower temperatures. The diiron(IV) μ‐oxo dimer that is often a common component of the reaction medium involving 2 also oxidizes 9,10‐ dihydroanthracene, although its reactivity is three orders of magnitude lower than that of 2.
Octadecanuclear Gear Wheels by Self‐Assembly of Self‐Assembled “Double Saddle”‐Type Coordination Entities: Molecular “Rangoli”
Authors: Dasary Hareesha , Jagan Rajamony , Chand Dillip Kumar
Published: November 2014

A series of self‐assembled “double saddle”‐type trinuclear complexes of [Pd3L′3L2] formulation have been synthesized by complexation of a series of cis‐protected palladium(II) components with a slightly divergent “E‐shaped” non‐chelating tridentate ligand, 1,1′‐(pyridine‐3,5‐diyl)bis(3‐(pyridin‐3‐yl)urea (L). The cis‐protecting agents L′ employed in the study are ethylenediamine (en), tetramethylethylenediamine (tmeda), 2,2′‐bipyridine (bpy), and 1,10‐phenanthroline (phen), for 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The crystal structures of [Pd3(tmeda)3(L)2](NO3)6 (2), [Pd3(bpy)3(L)2](NO3)6 (3), and [Pd3(phen)3(L)2](NO3)6 (4) unequivocally support the new architecture. Two of the “double saddle”‐type complexes (3 and 4) are suitably crafted with π surfaces at the strategically located cis‐protecting sites to facilitate intermolecular π–π interactions in the solid state. As a consequence, six units of the 3 (or 4) are assembled, by means of six‐pairs of π–π stacking interactions, in a circular geometry to form an octadecanuclear molecular ring of [(Pd3L′3L2)6] composition. The overall arrangement of the rings in the crystal packing is equated with the traditional Indian art form rangoli.
Specificity of Furanoside–Protein Recognition through Antibody Engineering and Molecular Modeling
Authors: Lak Parnian , Makeneni Spandana , Woods Robert J. , Lowary Todd L.
Published: November 2014

Recognition of furanosides (five‐membered ring sugars) by proteins plays important roles in host–pathogen interactions. In comparison to their six‐membered ring counterparts (pyranosides), detailed studies of the molecular motifs involved in the recognition of furanosides by proteins are scarce. Here the first in‐depth molecular characterization of a furanoside–protein interaction system, between an antibody (CS‐35) and cell wall polysaccharides of mycobacteria, including the organism responsible for tuberculosis is reported. The approach was centered on the generation of the single chain variable fragment of CS‐35 and a rational library of its mutants. Investigating the interaction from various aspects revealed the structural motifs that govern the interaction, as well as the relative contribution of molecular forces involved in the recognition. The specificity of the recognition was shown to originate mainly from multiple CH–π interactions and, to a lesser degree, hydrogen bonds formed in critical distances and geometries.
D–π–A Triarylboron Compounds with Tunable Push–Pull Character Achieved by Modification of Both the Donor and Acceptor Moieties
Authors: Zhang Zuolun , Edkins Robert M. , Nitsch Jörn , Fucke Katharina , Eichhorn Antonius , Steffen Andreas , Wang Yue , Marder Todd B.
Published: November 2014

The push–pull character of a series of donor–bithienyl–acceptor compounds has been tuned by adopting triphenylamine or 1,1,7,7‐tetramethyljulolidine as a donor and B(2,6‐Me2‐4‐RC6H2)2 (R=Me, C6F5 or 3,5‐(CF3)2C6H3) or B[2,4,6‐(CF3)3C6H2]2 as an acceptor. Ir‐catalyzed CH borylation was utilized in the derivatization of the boryl acceptors and the tetramethyljulolidine donor. The donor and acceptor strengths were evaluated by electrochemical and photophysical measurements. In solution, the compound with the strongest acceptor, B[2,4,6‐(CF3)3C6H2]2 ((FMes)2B), has strongly quenched emission, while all other compounds show efficient green to red (ΦF=0.80–1.00) or near‐IR (NIR; ΦF=0.27–0.48) emission, depending on solvent. Notably, this study presents the first examples of efficient NIR emission from three‐coordinate boron compounds. Efficient solid‐state red emission was observed for some derivatives, and interesting aggregation‐induced emission of the (FMes)2B‐containing compound was studied. Moreover, each compound showed a strong and clearly visible response to fluoride addition, with either a large emission‐color change or turn‐on fluorescence.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structures of RE7Zn21+xSi2‐x [RE= Ce, Pr, and Nd; 0.09 (1) < x < 0.95 (1)].
Authors: Hoos James , Suen Nian‐Tzu , Bobev Svilen
Published: November 2014

Ln7Zn21+xSi2‐x (Ln: Ce with x = 0.95, Pr with x = 0.09, Nd with x = 0.53) are prepared by melting of the elements (evacuated silica tube, 1073 K, 3 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Structural and Electric Evidence of Ferrielectric State in Pb2MnWO6 Double Perovskite System.
Authors: Orlandi Fabio , Righi Lara , Cabassi Riccardo , Delmonte Davide , Pernechele Chiara , Bolzoni Fulvio , Mezzadri Francesco , Solzi Massimo , Merlini Marco , Calestani Gianluca
Published: November 2014

The new title compound is prepared by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of PbO, MnCO3, and WO3 (N2 stream, 800 °C for 2 h and 820 °C for 4 h).
ChemInform Abstract: A Disc‐Like Mo‐Metal Cluster Compound, Co2Mo3O8, as a High Capacity Anode for Lithium Ion Batteries.
Authors: Das B. , Reddy M. V. , Tripathy S. , Chowdari B. V. R.
Published: November 2014

The title compound is synthesized by a carbothermal reduction method from a mixture of CoMoO4 and carbon in a weight ratio of 14:1 (flowing Ar, 750 °C, 8 h, yield given in g).
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Ni3B2O6 Nanosheet‐Based Flowerlike Architecture by a Precursor Method and Its Electrochemical Properties in Lithium‐Ion Battery.
Authors: Liang Pan , Du Lu , Wang Xia , Liu Zhi‐Hong
Published: November 2014

A flower‐like nanostructure of the title compound is hydrothermally prepared from an aqueous solution of Ni(NO3)2 and NH4HB4O7 (autoclave, 150 °C, 48 h) followed by heat treatment of the obtained precursor (1000 °C, 10 h).
ChemInform Abstract: LiCa3As2H and Ca14As6X7 (X: C, H, N): Two New Arsenide Hydride Phases Grown from Ca/Li Metal Flux.
Authors: Blankenship Trevor V. , Wang Xiaoping , Hoffmann Christina , Latturner Susan E.
Published: November 2014

Ca14As6C0.445N1.135 H4.915 and LiCa3As2H are obtained from a Ca/Li melt containing Ca, Li, As, C, CaH2, and Ca3N2 in a molar ratio of 7:7:1.4:0.4:0.4:0.4 (stainless steel crucibles, Ar, 1050 °C, 2 h; controlled cooling).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of New Hydroxylammonium Fluoromanganates and Fluoroscandates.
Authors: Kristl Matjaz , Dojer Brina , Hojnik Nusa , Golobic Amalija
Published: November 2014

(NH3OH)2MnF4 (I) and (NH3OH)3ScF6 (II) crystals are prepared by reacting NH3OHF with solutions of Mn2O3 or ScF3 in aqueous HF followed by solvent evaporation.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetically Recoverable and Reusable CuFe2O4 Nanoparticle‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Benzoxazoles, Benzothiazoles and Benzimidazoles Using Dioxygen as Oxidant.
Authors: Yang Daoshan , Zhu Xiao , Wei Wei , Sun Nana , Yuan Li , Jiang Min , You Jinmao , Wang Hua
Published: November 2014

A variety of benzoxazoles, benzothiazoles, and benzimidazoles are synthesized from o‐substituted aminobenzenes and various aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Benzazepinoindoles Bearing Trifluoromethylated Quaternary Stereocenters Catalyzed by Chiral Spirocyclic Phosphoric Acids
Authors: Li Xuejian , Chen Di , Gu Haorui , Lin Xufeng
Published: November 2014

26 examples
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Chiral Exocyclic Amines by Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Aromatic Quinolin‐3‐amines.
Authors: Cai Xian‐Feng , Guo Ran‐Ning , Chen Mu‐Wang , Shi Lei , Zhou Yong‐Gui
Published: November 2014

An efficient asymmetric hydrogenation of 2‐substituted quinolin‐3‐amine phthalides is developed by using Ir‐catalysis and (Rax)‐DifluorPhos (DPS) as chiral ligand.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploring Mutasynthesis to Increase Structural Diversity in the Synthesis of Highly Oxygenated Polyketide Lactones.
Authors: Botubol‐Ares J. M. , Duran‐Pena M. J. , Macias‐Sanchez A. J. , Hanson J. R. , Collado I. G. , Hernandez‐Galan R.
Published: November 2014

Mutasynthetic studies with compound (Ia) using mutants of B.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring Expansion of Cyclic 1,2‐Diols to Form Medium Sized Rings via Ruthenium Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenative [4 + 2] Cycloaddition
Authors: Kasun Zachary A. , Geary Laina M. , Krische Michael J.
Published: November 2014

18 examples
ChemInform Abstract: The Acrylamide Moiety as an Activated Alkene Component in the Intramolecular Baylis—Hillman Reaction: Facile Synthesis of Functionalized α‐Methylene Lactam and Spirolactam Frameworks.
Authors: Basavaiah Deevi , Reddy Guddeti Chandrashekar , Bharadwaj Kishor Chandra
Published: November 2014

The presented method provides access to a variety of five‐ and six membered lactams in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic 5‐endo‐trig Cyclization of 3,3‐Difluoroallylic Metal Enolates and Enamides: Facile Synthesis of Ring‐Fluorinated Dihydroheteroles.
Authors: Fujita Takeshi , Ikeda Masahiro , Hattori Masahiro , Sakoda Kotaro , Ichikawa Junji
Published: November 2014

Ketones and amides bearing difluoroallylic moieties undergo nucleophilic 5‐endo‐trig cyclization in the presence of KH or tBuOK as bases, a process considered to be disfavored according to the Baldwin rules.