bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early Reception of Yu Xin in the Sixth and Seventh Centuries
Authors: Luo Yiyi
Published: December 2022

This article investigates the early reception of Yu Xin, one of the most important court writers of the sixth century in China. It traces portrayals and evaluations of Yu Xin and his work from the late years of the Northern Zhou (557–581) to the early Tang (618–907) by focusing on four texts of different nature: a preface to the literary collection of Yu Xin dated to 579, his biography in the Zhoushu, and two discourses in historical records that evaluate his achievement as a writer. While the former two texts supply valuable information about Yu’s family background, official career, and social network, the latter two voice their criticism of the man along with their overall negative attitude toward literature of the Southern Dynasties. The perception of Yu Xin as a frustrated and nostalgic poet as highlighted by his Zhoushu biography has played a major role in the interpretation of his writings in later ages, but an examination of a wider range of sources shows that there was more than one way of evaluating his writings in the sixth and seventh centuries. A study of these multiple voices in interpreting Yu Xin and his works reminds us of the vibrancy and complexity of understanding the identities of poets of the medieval period.
Review of Muslim-Christian Polemics in Safavid Iran. By Alberto Tiburcio
Authors: Ghereghlou Kioumars
Published: December 2022

Muslim-Christian Polemics in Safavid Iran. By Alberto Tiburcio. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2020. Pp. viii + 223. $125.
Review of Man’yōshū Book 16: A New English Translation Containing the Original Text, Kana Transliteration, Romanization, Glossing and Commentary. By Alexander Vovin
Authors: Kupchik John
Published: December 2022

Man’yōshū Book 16: A New English Translation Containing the Original Text, Kana Transliteration, Romanization, Glossing and Commentary. By Alexander Vovin. Leiden: Brill, 2021. Pp. xviii + 199. $168.
A CASE STUDY ON THE SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF AAMPACHANA, VATANULOMANA, RASAYANA AND NASYA KARMA IN PRIMARY INFERTILITY IN PROMOTING OVULATORY CYCLES
Authors: Dhavale Ketaki Vishwas , Turlapati Vishala
Published: December 2022

Infertility is termed as failure to achieve conception by a couple of mature age, having unprotected and normal coitus during the appropriate period of the menstrual cycle regularly for at least one year. According to Ayurveda, rutu, kshetra, ambu and beejaas well as clarity of hrudaya, vayu, shadbhavaj, ahara, vihara, and bala, plays a vital role in causing infertility. Ayurveda long back has described the miseries of the childless couple. There are scattered details about vandhyatwa and its various treatment aspect of it. This article will present a case study of primary infertility due to Polycystic Ovarian Disease induced anovulatory cycles. In this case study, a 22-year-old patient was anxious to conceive after 1.5 years of regular and unprotected coitus and seeking Ayurvedic treatment. After a detailed history, examination and investigations, Ayurvedic treatment was given with aampachana, vatanulomana, rasayana and nasya. After treatment of 5 months, the patient came with secondary amenorrhea, and her pregnancy was confirmed with a urine pregnancy test and ultrasonography.
AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF FIBROID: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Jaiswal Deepali , C Swathi , Ratnakar L Venkata , Chaturvedi Ashutosh
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Uterine fibroids (leiomyoma) are benign neoplasms that arise from uterine smooth muscle. It produces menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, infertility, and pressure symptoms secondary to mass compression. Material and Methods: This is a single case study of a 48-years-old multiparous female patient who came with complaints of painful menstruation during the 2nd and 3rd day of the cycle and pain radiating to both lower limbs for ten years. The patient was diagnosed with a uterine fibroid based on USG findings. She was treated with Kala Basti, 9 Anuvasana Basti with Dhanwantara taila and 6 Niruha basti with Erandamooladi kashaya. The main aim of the treatment is to cure or minimize the pain during the mensuration cycle and to stop fibroid from growing. Result: After two follow-ups, the patient got mild relief from painful menstruation during 2nd and 3rd day. She also got relief from pain radiating to both lower limbs.
AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF BELL’S PALSY: A CASE STUDY
Authors: BS Praveen , Krishnan O Dharshana
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Vatavyadhi is considered one of Mahagada. Ardita vata is one among the vatavyadhi, which may be correlated to Bell’s palsy due to the resemblance of signs and symptoms like deviation of angle of the mouth, decreased function of the affected muscle, numbness or pain in the affected side of the face. Bell’s palsy is the most common unilateral lower motor neuron facial palsy that usually develops spontaneously. Bell’s palsy is around 23 per 100,000 people per year, and it affects men and women equally, with a peak incidence between the age group 10-40 years. Ardita can be successfully managed with Ayurvedic treatment, viz. Nasya karma, Murdhni taila, Karnapurana, Snehana Svedana. Materials and method: A 49-year-old male patient complained of deviation of the angle of the mouth towards the left side and was unable to close the right eye for four days was reported to Panchakarma OPD of Alva’s Ayurveda Medical College and hospital, Moodbidri. Snehana, Svedana, Nasya karma and Murdhni taila were selected, along with internal medications and Kinesio taping. The duration and outcome of the treatments were recorded. Result: The patient recovered markedly with the treatment. Conclusion: Ardita can be managed successfully with various Panchakarma measures, internal medications, and the taping technique.
A CRITICAL REVIEW ON NAGAKESARADI DHOOPANA YOGA
Authors: M Haritha , S. Ravikrishna , K. Sreejith , Hebbar Chaithra S.
Published: December 2022

Air is the essential life support for all living beings. But it can serve its function only if it is pure. Contaminated or infected air leads to various deadly diseases. So it is important to maintain environmental hygiene to follow a healthy life. Multiple methods can support hygiene; fumigation is the method that is used to maintain air hygiene. Dhoopana is the classical method followed in the disinfection of air to prevent the rise and spread of various diseases. Ayurveda has explained the concept of Dhoopana in various contexts, such as jwara, visha, graha, vrana etc., and for various agaras. Various yogas are mentioned in the classics for the disinfection of contaminated air. Nagakesaradi dhoopana yoga is mentioned in Kriyakaumudi, Malayalam visha chikitsa textbook in the context of jaladi shudhikarana for air purification. The majority of the drugs in this yoga are vishaghna and krimighna. This yoga may provide better results in the purification of air as the drugs have such karma.
Design and In silico Screening of Combinatorial Library of New Herbicidal Analogs of Cycloalka[d]quinazoline-2,4dione−Benzoxazinones Inhibiting Protoporphyrinogen IX Oxidase
Authors: N’Guessan Hermann , Soro Issouf , Keita Melalie , Megnassan Eugene
Published: December 2022

We virtually design here an important new weedkiller Cycloalka[d]quinazoline-2,4dione−Benzoxazinones (CQB), inhibitors of Protoporphyrinogen IX Oxidase (PPO). Based on computer-assisted combinatorial chemistry techniques, docking, 3D-QSAR and pharmacophore models we first enumerate, focus and in silico screen a virtual library of CQB analogs substituted at positions R1, R2 and R3. By docking inhibitors into the target active site from the crystal structure (PDB ID: 1SEZ) of PPO in complex with a CQB ligand, 3D models of 29 PPO:CQBx complexes with known observed activity (Kiexp) were prepared to establish a quantitative structure–activity (QSAR) model and linear correlation between relative Gibbs free energy (GFE) of receptor-ligand complex formation (ΔΔGcom) and Kiexp: pKiexp = -0.1664 ×ΔΔGcom + 8.306  (1); R2 = 0.94. A 3D QSAR pharmacophore model (PH4) derived from the QSAR directed our effort to design novel CQB analogs. During the design, an initial virtual library of 118 CQB was focused down and PH4 screened to identify 28 promising novel analogs. Their Ki (Kipre) values were predicted by means of equation (1). The most active analog namely CQB22 display Kipre 22 times superior to that of the reported most active training set ligand 17i. Our survey proposes this compounds to the synthesis and to the assessment on herbicidal.
Isolation and Characterization of Antibiotic Producing Fungi from Soil
Authors: Emmanuel Adole James , Igoche Okpe Peter
Published: December 2022

This study was aimed to isolate and characterize antibiotic producing fungi from the soil environment within Ahmadu Bello University main campus Samaru, Zaria. Soil samples were collected from five different locations within Ahmadu Bello University main campus for the Isolation of fungi. Spread plate method involving serial dilution technique was used for the Isolation using Saboraud Dextrose Agar (SDA). Six species of fungi were isolated from the soil samples and then characterized microscopically and macroscopically. The fungi were Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus sp, Penicillium sp, Fusarium sp (P14) and Fusarium sp (P15). Sensitivity test using Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae as test pathogens was employed to determine the ability of the fungal isolates to produce antimicrobials. All the fungal isolates were found to inhibit the growth of at least one of the test pathogens except Fusarium sp (P14). Aspergillus niger produces zones of inhibition of 9mm, 5mm and 6mm against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, Aspergillus fumigatus produces zones of inhibition of 5mm against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Aspergillus sp produced zones of 6mm against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, Penicillium sp which produces a zone of 10mm, 7mm and 6mm against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The findings of this study show that antibiotic-producing fungus are prevalent in the soil of Ahmadu Bello University's main campus in Samaru, Zaria, and that these strains could be used by pharmaceutical companies to produce antibiotics from local sources.
Extant Corpus on Retail Brand Choice Behavior and Multifactor Modelling on its Impact on Malaysia's Retail Stores
Authors: Arujunen Devaraj S. , Kheng Yeoh Khar , Bhaumik Amiya
Published: December 2022

This study proposed to close the ostensible research gap by examining the impacts of price sensitivity, risk perception, brand awareness, brand experience/brand familiarity, and consumer purchase behaviors on the retail brand choice behavior in Malaysia's retail stores. Moreover, the analysis method will be pivoted to the Smart PLS path modeling technique, which is much more robust and precise. Therefore, this study's proposed research framework was underpinned by Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavioural and Prospect Theory as well as identifying the most significant factors impacting the retail brand choice behavior in Malaysia's retail stores. The empirical outcomes of this study provide a useful reference in teaching and research for students and faculties who do research or are concerned about retail brand choice behavior issues. In addition, it provides practical guidelines to assist local Malaysian brand retail chain store top management to consider and use the research output in this study to further strengthen their brand management vis-à-vis foreign retail stores in Malaysia. The SEM-PLS results showed that the direct effect of relationships between price consciousness, brand awareness, brand familiarity, risk perception, and consumer purchase behavior was significant and had statistical support for brand choice behavior in Malaysia. As for the moderating effects, consumer purchase behavior as moderator on the relationship between brand awareness, brand familiarity, and consumer brand choice behavior has been statistically established. However, statistical support could not be proved on the moderating effect of consumer purchase behavior on the relationship between price consciousness and risk perception with consumer brand choice behavior in Malaysia's retail stores. The limitations of the study and suggestions for future research were also discussed.
Effect of ERP Implementation on Firm Performance Through Information Technology Capability and Inventory Management During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: . Djiantoro , Tarigan Zeplin Jiwa Husada
Published: December 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic impacts uncertainty in the global economy, with many policy changes set by the government, is trying to prevent the spread of the virus. The company seeks to optimize the use of information technology by using enterprise resource planning. Research using research population are manufacturing companies in East Java that have three years implemented ERP. Data collection was obtained from 85 companies using the purposive sampling technique and analyzing data using structural equation modeling with smartPLS software. The data analysis showed that the ERP system implementation did not directly impact the company's performance. ERP system implementation can improve inventory level control and information technology capabilities. The level of inventory and information technology capabilities owned by the company can impact the company's performance. Information technology capabilities affect inventory management. The indirect impact is that ERP system implementation affects company performance through inventory levels and information technology capabilities. The research contributes to supply chain integration theory to improve company performance on an ongoing basis. Practical contributions for warehouse managers and other functions can take advantage of inventory-level information to improve company performance.
Integrated proteome and phosphoproteome analysis of gastric adenocarcinoma reveals molecular signatures capable of stratifying patient outcome
Authors: Lu Xue , Fu Yunyun , Gu Lei , Zhang Yunpeng , Liao Antony Y. , Wang Tingting , Jia Bin , Zhou Donglei , Liao Lujian
Published: December 2022

Metastasis is one of the main causes of low survival rate of gastric cancer patients. Exploring key proteins in the progression of gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) may provide new candidates for prognostic biomarker development and therapeutic intervention. We applied quantitative mass spectrometry to compare the proteome and phosphoproteome of primary tumor tissues between GAC patients with and without lymph node metastasis (LNM). We then performed an integrated analysis of the proteomic and transcriptomic data to reveal the molecular features. We quantified a total of 5536 proteins, and we found 218 upregulated and 49 downregulated proteins in tumor samples from patients with LNM compared to those without LNM. Clustering analysis identified a number of hub proteins that have been previously shown to play important roles in gastric cancer progression. We also found that two extracellular proteins, TNXB and SPON1, are overexpressed in patients with LNM, which correlates with poor survival of GAC patients. Overexpression of TNXB and SPON1 was validated by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, treating gastric cancer cells with anti‐TNXB antibody significantly reduced cell migration. Finally, quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis combined with activity‐based kinase capture revealed a number of activated kinases in primary tumor tissues from patients with LNM, among which GSK3 might be a new target that warrants further study. Our study provides a snapshot of the proteome and phosphoproteome of GAC tumor tissues that have metastatic potential, and identifies potential biomarkers for GAC progression.
Big Bayesian Learning
Authors: Sambasivan Rajiv
Published: December 2022

This article describes the characteristics of big data and Bayesian modeling that complement each other. Performing data analysis and developing analytical models on big datasets requires the methods applied to have the capability to capture complex patterns in the data that change over time. Bayesian methods developed in recent times have this feature. Examples illustrating these methods and the advantages of using a Bayesian approach to learning are provided.
Riemannian Monte Carlo
Authors: Thomas Samuel J. , Tu Wanzhu
Published: December 2022

Riemannian Manifold Hamiltonian Monte Carlo
(RMHMC), or Riemannian Monte Carlo (RMC) for short, is an MCMC algorithm for generating posterior samples. It extends the classic Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) method by incorporating the second‐order gradient to guide MCMC proposals. As a result, the RMC algorithm is often more efficient than HMC, although the implementation tends to be more involved. This article provides an entry‐level introduction to the RMC method.
Machine Learning and Causal Inference
Authors: Zivich Paul N. , Breskin Alexander , Kennedy Edward H.
Published: December 2022

In this article, we review the motivation behind the use of machine learning or data‐adaptive algorithms for the estimation of causal effects. To guide our discussion, we focus on the estimation of the causal mean as a didactic example. Estimation of the causal mean involves estimation of at least one nuisance model for which machine learning is considered. Two key challenges to reliable application of machine learning for causal inference are reviewed: slower than parametric convergence, and complexity of the nuisance model and its estimator. Current approaches to address each of these challenges are then reviewed. We then summarize the extensions to other estimands, identification strategies, and estimators. We conclude with practical advice for application.
Synthesis of Deoxysugars from Aliphatic α‐Ketoacids and Aldoses Catalyzed by Thermostable Transketolase Variants from Geobacillus stearothermophilus
Authors: Ocal Nazim , Arbia Giuseppe , Lagarde Aurélie , Joly Muriel , Gittings Samantha , Graham Kirsty M. , Charmantray Franck , Hecquet Laurence
Published: December 2022

We described a strategy for the enzymatic synthesis of 1‐deoxy and 1,2‐deoxyketoses from the aliphatic α‐ketoacids, pyruvate and 2‐oxobutyrate, as donors and natural aldoses of variable chain length as acceptors, catalyzed by thermostable transketolase variants from Geobacillus stearothermophilus (TKgst). Analytical studies have been carried out on a panel of TKgst variants with the appropriate substrates allowing to select the best combinations and to apply it to the preparative scale synthesis of 1‐deoxy and 1,2‐deoxyketoses obtained with good to excellent isolated yields (61%–86%). To optimize the strategy, and as a proof of principle, the α‐ketoacids pyruvate and 2‐oxobutyrate were generated in situ from the corresponding d‐amino acids d‐alanine and d‐homoalanine respectively, using a thermostable d‐amino acid oxidase dAAO4536 that was selected from a screening of 55 putative DAAOs provided by Prozomix Limited. Hence, a one‐pot one step procedure was performed at 50 °C by coupling dAAO4536 and the best TKgst variant H102L/L118I/H474S in the presence of d‐alanine or d‐homoalanine as α‐ketoacids precursors and d‐erythrose as acceptor substrate. The corresponding 1‐deoxy and 1,2‐dideoxyketoses were isolated with good yields (64% and 72% respectively, out of two steps).

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Defined Microenvironments Trigger In Vitro Gastrulation in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Srivastava Pallavi , Romanazzo Sara , Kopecky Chantal , Nemec Stephanie , Ireland Jake , Molley Thomas G. , Lin Kang , Jayathilaka Pavithra B. , Pandzic Elvis , Yeola Avani , Chandrakanthan Vashe , Pimanda John , Kilian Kristopher
Published: December 2022

Gastrulation is a stage in embryo development where three germ layers arise to dictate the human body plan. In vitro models of gastrulation have been demonstrated by treating pluripotent stem cells with soluble morphogens to trigger differentiation. However, in vivo gastrulation is a multistage process coordinated through feedback between soluble gradients and biophysical forces, with the multipotent epiblast transforming to the primitive streak followed by germ layer segregation. Here, the authors show how constraining pluripotent stem cells to hydrogel islands triggers morphogenesis that mirrors the stages preceding in vivo gastrulation, without the need for exogenous supplements. Within hours of initial seeding, cells display a contractile phenotype at the boundary, which leads to enhanced proliferation, yes‐associated protein (YAP) translocation, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and emergence of SRY‐box transcription factor 17 (SOX17)+ T/BRACHYURY+ cells. Molecular profiling and pathway analysis reveals a role for mechanotransduction‐coupled wingless‐type (WNT) signaling in orchestrating differentiation, which bears similarities to processes observed in whole organism models of development. After two days, the colonies form multilayered aggregates, which can be removed for further growth and differentiation. This approach demonstrates how materials alone can initiate gastrulation, thereby providing in vitro models of development and a tool to support organoid bioengineering efforts.
Interactions of Localized Wave Structures on Periodic Backgrounds for the Coupled Lakshmanan–Porsezian–Daniel Equations in Birefringent Optical Fibers
Authors: Li Xing‐Lan , Guo Rui
Published: December 2022

Nonlinear waves on periodic backgrounds play an important role in physical systems. In this study, nonlinear waves that include solitons, breathers, rogue waves, and semi‐rational solutions on periodic backgrounds for the coupled Lakshmanan‐Porsezian‐Daniel equations are investigated. Moreover, the interactions between different types of nonlinear waves are examined and their dynamic behaviors are studied. In particular, it is observed that bright‐dark rogue waves interact with bright‐dark breathers or solitons on periodic backgrounds, four‐petaled breathers interact with two eye‐shaped breathers on periodic backgrounds, and a four‐petal rogue wave interplays with a rogue wave on periodic backgrounds. Furthermore, it is found that the value of the parameter γ3 affects the weak and strong interactions of these nonlinear waves. These results may be useful in the study of nonlinear wave dynamics in coupled nonlinear wave models.
Gradient Graphdiyne Induced Copper and Oxygen Vacancies in Cu0.95V2O5 Anodes for Fast‐Charging Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Fan , An Juan , Shen Han , Wang Zhongqiang , Li Guoxing , Li Yuliang
Published: December 2022

Vacancies can significantly affect the performance of metal oxide materials. Here, a gradient graphdiyne (GDY) induced Cu/O‐dual‐vacancies abundant Cu0.95V2O5@GDY heterostructure material has been prepared as a competitive fast‐charging anode material. Cu0.95V2O5 self‐catalyzes the growth of gradient GDY with rich alkyne‐alkene complex in the inner layer and rich alkyne bonds in the outer layer, leading to the formation of Cu and O vacancies in Cu0.95V2O5. The synergistic effect of vacancies and gradient GDY results in the electron redistribution at the hetero‐interface to drive the generation of a built‐in electric field. Thus, the Li‐ion transport kinetics, electrochemical reaction reversibility and Li storage sites of Cu0.95V2O5 are greatly enhanced. The Cu0.95V2O5@GDY anodes show excellent fast‐charging performance with high capacities and negligible capacity decay for 10 000 cycles and 20 000 cycles at extremely high current densities of 5 A g−1 and 10 A g−1, respectively. Over 30 % of capacity can be delivered in 35 seconds.
Planar Chiral Multiple Resonance Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials for Efficient Circularly Polarized Electroluminescence
Authors: Liao Xiang‐Ji , Pu Dongdong , Yuan Li , Tong Jingjing , Xing Shuai , Tu Zhen‐Long , Zuo Jing‐Lin , Zheng Wen‐Hua , Zheng You‐Xuan
Published: December 2022

Chiral boron/nitrogen doped multiple resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) emitters are promising for highly efficient and color‐pure circularly polarized organic light‐emitting diodes (CP‐OLEDs). Herein, we report two pairs of MR‐TADF materials (Czp‐tBuCzB, Czp‐POAB) based on planar chiral paracyclophane with photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 98 %. The enantiomers showed symmetric circularly polarized photoluminescence spectra with dissymmetry factors |gPL| of up to 1.6×10−3in doped films. Meanwhile, the sky‐blue CP‐OLEDs with (R/S)‐Czp‐tBuCzB showed an external quantum efficiency of 32.1 % with the narrowest full‐width at half‐maximum of 24 nm among the reported CP‐OLEDs, while the devices with (R/S)‐Czp‐POAB displayed the first nearly pure green CP electroluminescence with |gEL| factors at the 10−3level. These results demonstrate the incorporation of planar chirality into MR‐TADF emitter is a reliable strategy for constructing of efficient CP‐OLEDs.
Transition‐Metal‐Free Controllable Single and Double Difluoromethylene Formal Insertions into C−H Bonds of Aldehydes with TMSCF2Br
Authors: Liu An , Ni Chuanfa , Xie Qiqiang , Hu Jinbo
Published: December 2022

We have developed a new strategy for controllable single and double difluoromethylene (CF2) formal insertions into C−H bonds of aldehydes with nearly full selectivity under transition‐metal‐free conditions. The key to the success of controllable CF2insertions lies in the well‐defined formation of 2,2‐difluoroenolsilyl ether and 2,2,3,3‐tetrafluorocyclopropanolsilyl ether intermediates using difluorocarbene reagent TMSCF2Br (TMS=trimethylsilyl). These two intermediates can react with various electrophiles including proton sources and various halogenation reagents, allowing for the access to diverse arrays of ketones containing difluoromethylene (CF2) and tetrafluoroethylene (CF2CF2) units. The first synthesis of relatively stable 2,2,3,3‐tetrafluorocyclopropanolsilyl ethers has been achieved, which offers a new platform to explore other unknown chemical space.
Unilateral sacral erector spinae plane block for lower limb surgery in children
Authors: Gupta A. , Kaur J. , Kumar R.
Published: December 2022

The erector spinae plane block is a versatile regional anaesthesia technique used for a variety of truncal surgeries. A novel variation is the sacral erector spinae plane block which is gaining popularity for perineal and anorectal procedures. Local anaesthetic injected at this level blocks the sacral dermatomes and has the potential for more proximal spread to involve lumbar nerve fibres via spread to the lumbar plexus or the epidural space. The advantage of a sacral erector spinae plane block over a neuraxial block is that it is less invasive and may have a better safety profile: there is a reduced risk of epidural haematoma, epidural abscess, haemodynamic instability and motor weakness of the lower extremities. Until now, this approach has been used for midline surgical procedures when the local anaesthetic was injected bilaterally. Its application for lower limb procedures with a single unilateral injection has not been described. We report the use of a unilateral sacral erector spinae plane block at the level of the S2 median crest in two children undergoing lower limb procedures of the hip and thigh. The block was found to provide effective peri‐operative analgesia with minimal need for any opioid analgesics and without any significant adverse effects.
Research in Electrochromic Supercapacitor – A Focused Review
Authors: Yun Tae Gwang , Chen Xi , Cheong Jun Young
Published: December 2022

Attributed to its high safety and fast charging capabilities, supercapacitor is one of the most widely active research fields in the energy storage for last several decades. Recently, with the significant advances on the internet‐of‐things (IoT) technologies as well as growing market demands for wearable electronics, not only the electrochemical performance but also visual aspects of the devices become increasingly important. In this aspect, electrochromic supercapacitor has garnered significant attention in the last decade, which exhibits both color transition and reversible charge/discharge. So far, although some works have been devoted to investigating on the materials and/or components of electrochromic supercapacitor, none of the works have carefully investigated and analyzed the history, research progress, and future directions for electrochromic supercapacitor. In this review, the research progress and advances in the electrochromic supercapacitor are summarized, as well as suggestion for future directions for the electrochromic supercapacitor, which makes an early projection for future research on electrochromic supercapacitor.
Review on Cathode Materials for Sodium‐ and Potassium‐Ion Batteries: Structural Design with Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Park Hyunyoung , Lee Yongseok , Ko Wonseok , Choi Myungeun , Ku Bonyoung , Ahn Hobin , Kim Junseong , Kang Jungmin , Yoo Jung‐Keun , Kim Jongsoon
Published: December 2022

As a promising candidates for next‐generation secondary battery system, sodium‐ion (Na‐ion) batteries and potassium‐ion (K‐ion) batteries are recently attracting considerable attention because of their cost‐effectiveness and similar reaction mechanism to that of lithium‐ion batteries. However, the major challenges for their practical application are sluggish ionic kinetic with excessive volume change of the cathode material, caused by larger ionic radius than Li+ ion. The current demand for high energy density is not satisfactory with the electrochemical properties of the cathode materials for Na‐ion and K‐ion batteries studied so far, but extensive studies have been conducted to achieve large reversible capacity, high power capacity, and long life in recent years. This review provides comprehensive information on the cathode material studies reported to date for Na‐ion and K‐ion batteries, with a particular focus on the various strategies of each cathode material to achieve high electrochemical properties. In this regard, diverse electrochemical properties of cathode materials for Na‐ion and K‐ion batteries are compared with current Li‐ion battery systems, and future research directions are discussed along with related challenges and prospects.
What connects splicing of transfer RNA precursor molecules with pontocerebellar hypoplasia?
Authors: Sekulovski Samoil , Trowitzsch Simon
Published: December 2022

Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) represent the most abundant class of RNA molecules in the cell and are key players during protein synthesis and cellular homeostasis. Aberrations in the extensive tRNA biogenesis pathways lead to severe neurological disorders in humans. Mutations in the tRNA splicing endonuclease (TSEN) and its associated RNA kinase cleavage factor polyribonucleotide kinase subunit 1 (CLP1) cause pontocerebellar hypoplasia (PCH), a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders, that manifest as underdevelopment of specific brain regions typically accompanied by microcephaly, profound motor impairments, and child mortality. Recently, we demonstrated that mutations leading to specific PCH subtypes destabilize TSEN in vitro and cause imbalances of immature to mature tRNA ratios in patient‐derived cells. However, how tRNA processing defects translate to disease on a systems level has not been understood. Recent findings suggested that other cellular processes may be affected by mutations in TSEN/CLP1 and obscure the molecular mechanisms of PCH emergence. Here, we review PCH disease models linked to the TSEN/CLP1 machinery and discuss future directions to study neuropathogenesis.
Digital twin of a continuous chromatography process for mAb purification: Design and model‐based control
Authors: Tiwari Anamika , Masampally Vishnu Swaroopji , Agarwal Anshul , Rathore Anurag S.
Published: December 2022

Model‐based design of integrated continuous train coupled with online process analytical technology (PAT) tool can be a potent facilitator for monitoring and control of Critical Quality Attributes (CQAs) in real time. Charge variants are product related variants and are often regarded as CQAs as they may impact potency and efficacy of drug. Robust pooling decision is required for achieving uniform charge variant composition for mAbs as baseline separation between closely related variants is rarely achieved in process scale chromatography. In this study, we propose a digital twin of a continuous chromatography process, integrated with an online HPLC‐PAT tool for delivering real time pooling decisions to achieve uniform charge variant composition. The integrated downstream process comprised continuous multicolumn capture protein A chromatography, viral inactivation in coiled flow inverter reactor (CFIR), and multicolumn CEX polishing step. An online HPLC was connected to the harvest tank before protein A chromatography. Both empirical and mechanistic modeling have been considered. The model states were updated in real time using online HPLC charge variant data for prediction of the initial and final cut point for CEX eluate, according to which the process chromatography was directed to switch from collection to waste to achieve the desired charge variant composition in the CEX pool. Two case studies were carried out to demonstrate this control strategy. In the first case study, the continuous train was run for initially 14 h for harvest of fixed charge variant composition as feed. In the second case study, charge variant composition was dynamically changed by introducing forced perturbation to mimic the deviations that may be encountered during perfusion cell culture. The control strategy was successfully implemented for more than ±5% variability in the acidic variants of the feed with its composition in the range of acidic (13%–17%), main (18%–23%), and basic (59%–68%) variants. Both the case studies yielded CEX pool of uniform distribution of acidic, main and basic profiles in the range of 15 ± 0.8, 31 ± 0.3, and 53 ± 0.5%, respectively, in the case of empirical modeling and 15 ± 0.5, 31 ± 0.3, and 53 ± 0.3%, respectively, in the case of mechanistic modeling. In both cases, process yield for main species was >85% and the use of online HPLC early in the purification train helped in making quicker decision for pooling of CEX eluate. The results thus successfully demonstrate the technical feasibility of creating digital twins of bioprocess operations and their utility for process control.
A combined qualitative and quantitative method development and validation of vancomycin hydrochloride injection formulation by HPLC and UV involving quality by design
Authors: Sasikala Lankella , Koteswara Rao Vandavasi , Katari Naresh Kumar , Kowtharapu Leela Prasad
Published: December 2022

A selective, specific, precise, linear, accurate and robust analytical method was developed and validated for the assay of vancomycin HCl in vancomycin hydrochloride injection. Comparative UV spectrophotometric and reverse‐phase HPLC were used to develop the quantitative determination. Acetonitrile and pH 2.2 phosphate buffer in the ratio 20:80 v/v were used as the mobile phase, and a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min with a 20 min run time. The detection was carried out at 235 nm with a Nucleosil C18 (250 × 4.6 mm) 10 μm column, and the ambient column temperature was maintained. The method uses a 20 μl injection volume and diluent as a blank solution in this connection. The method was validated as per the current regulatory guidelines. The linearity of this method was found to be linear in the range of 50–150% of the working concentration, and the correlation coefficient was >0.999. The method’s accuracy was within the acceptable range, which was 98.1–101.5%. The method’s precision was within an acceptable range of about 0.32% RSD. The analytical solution was stable for up to 48 h at room temperature. The method’s robustness was proved by utilizing quality design tools. Stress studies demonstrated the method’s stability‐indicating nature.
Adverse events as potential predictive factors of therapeutic activity in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab
Authors: Tada Toshifumi , Kumada Takashi , Hiraoka Atsushi , Hirooka Masashi , Kariyama Kazuya , Tani Joji , Atsukawa Masanori , Takaguchi Koichi , Itobayashi Ei , Fukunishi Shinya , Tsuji Kunihiko , Ishikawa Toru , Tajiri Kazuto , Ochi Hironori , Yasuda Satoshi , Toyoda Hidenori , Ogawa Chikara , Nishimura Takashi , Hatanaka Takeshi , Kakizaki Satoru , Shimada Noritomo , Kawata Kazuhito , Tada Fujimasa , Ohama Hideko , Nouso Kazuhiro , Morishita Asahiro , Tsutsui Akemi , Nagano Takuya , Itokawa Norio , Okubo Tomomi , Arai Taeang , Imai Michitaka , Kosaka Hisashi , Naganuma Atsushi , Koizumi Yohei , Nakamura Shinichiro , Kaibori Masaki , Iijima Hiroko , Hiasa Yoichi
Published: December 2022

Aim

To investigate the possible correlation between the development of adverse events (AEs) and prognosis in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (Atez/Bev).

Methods

A total of 286 patients with unresectable HCC treated with Atez/Bev as first‐line systematic therapy were included.

Results

Regarding treatment‐related AEs, decreased appetite of any grade, proteinuria of any grade, and fatigue of any grade were found with a frequency of ≥20%. Multivariate analysis adjusted for immune‐related liver injury, immune‐related endocrine dysfunction, proteinuria, fatigue, decreased appetite, hypertension, sex, age, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, HCC etiology, HCC stage, Child–Pugh score, and α‐fetoprotein showed that hypertension of any grade (hazard ratio [HR], 0.527; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.326–0.854;p = 0.009) and α‐fetoprotein ≥100 ng/ml (HR, 1.642; 95% CI, 1.111–2.427;p = 0.013) were independently associated with progression‐free survival. Multivariate analysis adjusted for the same AEs showed that fatigue (HR, 2.354; 95% CI, 1.299–4.510;p = 0.010) was independently associated with overall survival. Median progression‐free survival was 6.5 months (95% CI, 5.2–8.1) in patients without hypertension of any grade and 12.6 months (95% CI, 6.7–not available) in patients with hypertension of any grade (p = 0.035). The overall survival was significantly shorter in patients in whom treatment‐related fatigue of any grade was observed (p < 0.001). Regarding response rates, the disease control rate of patients who developed treatment‐related hypertension (94.2%) was significantly higher than those who did not (79.1%) (p = 0.009).

Conclusions

Treatment‐related hypertension is associated with good outcomes in patients with HCC treated with Atez/Bev.
Coronary angiography after resuscitation without ST‐Elevation: Indication remains elusive
Authors: Kaleta Francois P. , Gilchrist Ian C.
Published: December 2022

Key Points

Survivors of out of hospital cardiac arrest without ST‐segment elevations present uncertain indications and timing for coronary angiography.

Patients without ST‐elevations who undergo angiography tend to be younger, with better neurologic status, and more rapid resuscitation.

Outcomes between patients whether they had angiography early, later, or never, were similar suggesting further work on discriminating the best care pathway for these patients is needed.
Same‐day discharge after left atrial appendage occlusion: Is ICE‐guided LAAO ready for prime time?
Authors: Khera Sahil , Dangas George
Published: December 2022

Key Points

Single center study demonstrates the safety of same day discharge in intracardiac echocardiography guided watchman left atrial appendage occlusion.

The study also reported that female sex, older age and longer procedure duration are predictors of non‐same day discharge.

Standardization of intracardiac echocardiography for left atrial appendage closure devices is imperative before mainstream adoption.
Plaque burden estimated from optical coherence tomography with deep learning: In vivo validation using co‐registered intravascular ultrasound
Authors: Huang Jiayue , Tu Shengxian , Masuda Shinichiro , Ninomiya Kai , Dijkstra Jouke , Chu Miao , Ding Daixin , Hynes Sean O. , O'Leary Neil , Onuma Yoshinobu , Serruys Patrick W. , Wijns William
Published: December 2022

Objectives

The objective of the present study was to compare plaque burden (PB) calculated from optical coherence tomography (OCT) using deep learning (DL) with PB derived from co‐registered intravascular ultrasound (IVUS).

Background

A DL algorithm was developed for automated plaque characterization and PB quantification from OCT images. However, the performance of this algorithm for PB quantification has not been validated.

Methods

Five‐year follow‐up OCT and IVUS images from 15 patients implanted with bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) at baseline were analyzed. Precise co‐registration for 72 anatomical slices was achieved utilizing unique BVS radiopaque markers. PB derived from OCT DL and IVUS were compared. OCT cross‐sections were divided into four subgroups with different media visibility level. The impact of media visibility on the numerical difference between OCT‐derived and IVUS‐derived PB was investigated. The stent sizes selected by OCT DL and IVUS were compared.

Results

Sixty‐four paired OCT and IVUS cross‐sections were compared. OCT DL showed good concordance with IVUS for PB assessment (ICC = 0.81, difference = −3.53 ± 6.17%, p < 0.001). The numerical difference between OCT DL‐derived PB and IVUS‐derived PB was not substantially impacted by missing segments of media visualization (p = 0.21). OCT DL showed a diagnostic accuracy of 92% in identifying PB > 65%. The stent sizes selected by OCT DL were smaller compared to the ones selected by IVUS (difference = 0.30 ± 0.34 mm, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The DL algorithm provides a feasible and reliable method for automated PB estimation from OCT, irrespective of media visibility. OCT DL showed good diagnostic accuracy in identifying PB > 65%, revealing its potential to complement conventional OCT imaging.
Process Optimization for Biodiesel Production and Its Effect on the Performance of Diesel Engines
Authors: Abdel-Hamid Shereen M. S. , Tharwat Kareem M. , Gad Ahmed M. , Mahmoud Ahmed T. , Emam Mahmoud A. , Khaled Ahmed M. , Elshishiny Mahmoud B. , El-Sayed Asmaa Ashraf Y. , Aly Sohair. T.
Published: December 2022

The operating conditions of transesterification reaction for maximum yield of biodiesel from waste cooking oil were optimized by using response surface methodology (RSM) in terms of stoichiometric methanol‐to‐oil ratio, reaction temperature, and reaction time. The RSM model was significant with R2 = 0.99. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy certified the formation of methyl ester of most triglycerides. The produced biodiesel was tested in a diesel engine to be compared with biodiesel blends and pure petrodiesel, indicating promising results with regard to performance and emissions.
3,11‐Diaminodibenzo[a,j]phenazine: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications to Tröger's Base‐Forming Ladder Polymerization
Authors: Izumi Saika , Inoue Keiki , Nitta Yuya , Enjou Tomoya , Ami Takahiro , Oka Kouki , Tohnai Norimitsu , Minakata Satoshi , Fukushima Takanori , Ishiwari Fumitaka , Takeda Youhei
Published: December 2022

A new class of diamino‐substituted π‐extended phenazine compound was synthesized, and its photophysical properties were investigated. The U‐shaped diaminophenazine displayed photoluminescence in solution with moderate quantum yield. The diamino aromatic compound was found applicable to the poly‐condensation with formaldehyde to form Tröger's base ladder polymer. The obtained microporous ladder polymer features high CO2 adsorption selectivity against N2, most likely due to the presence of basic nitrogen atoms in the phenazine rings.
Supramolecular Aggregation Control in Polyoxometalates Covalently Functionalized with Oligoaromatic Groups
Authors: Knoll Sebastian , Hänle Matthias , Mengele Alexander K. , Sorsche Dieter , Rau Sven , Streb Carsten
Published: December 2022

CLICK‐chemistry has become a universal route to covalently link organic molecules functionalized with azides and alkynes, respectively. Here, we report how CLICK‐chemistry can be used to attach oligoaromatic organic moieties to Dawson‐type polyoxometalates. In step one, the lacunary Dawson anion [α2‐P2W17O61]6− is functionalized with phosphonate anchors featuring peripheral azide groups. In step two, this organic‐inorganic hybrid undergoes microwave‐assisted CLICK coupling. We demonstrate the versatility of this route to access a series of Dawson anions covalently functionalized with oligoaromatic groups. The supramolecular chemistry and aggregation of these systems in solution is explored, and we report distinct changes in charge‐transfer behavior depending on the size of the oligoaromatic π‐system.
Role of Counterions in the Structural Stabilisation of Redox‐Active Metal‐Organic Frameworks**
Authors: Golomb M. J. , Tolborg K. , Calbo J. , Walsh A.
Published: December 2022

The crystal structures of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are typically determined by the strong chemical bonds formed between the organic and inorganic building units. However, the latest generation of redox‐active frameworks often rely on counterions in the pores to access specific charge states of the components. Here, we model the crystal structures of three layered MOFs based on the redox‐active ligand 2,5‐dihydroxybenzoquinone (dhbq): Ti2(Cl2dhbq)3, V2(Cl2dhbq)3 and Fe2(Cl2dhbq)3 with implicit and explicit counterions. Our full‐potential first‐principles calculations indicate that while the reported hexagonal structure is readily obtained for Ti and V, the Fe framework is stabilised only by the presence of explicit counterions. For high counterion concentrations, we observe the formation of an electride‐like pocket in the pore center. An outlook is provided on the implications of solvent and counterion control for engineering the structures and properties of porous solids.
Water detection framework for industrial electric arc furnaces: Boundary modelling and formulation
Authors: Alshawarghi Hamzah , Hourfar Farzad , Moshiri Behzad , Almansoori Ali , Elkamel Ali
Published: December 2022

This paper describes the development of a boundary model for the off‐gas water vapour in an industrial steelmaking electric arc furnace (EAF). The solution addresses the mechanistic components of a complete EAF water detection framework. The boundary model has been implemented on an industrial alternating current (AC) EAF. The model specifies upper and lower limits in real‐time of the expected EAF off‐gas water vapour leaving the furnace, and it provides a valuable on‐line monitoring tool to the operator on what boundary to expect for the off‐gas water vapour in different circumstances. An essential data required for the framework is the EAF off‐gas composition. So, in this work, an off‐gas analyzer with a human machine interface (HMI) and a supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system was installed in the first step. Then, in order to evaluate the developed water leak detection framework and verify the obtained results, industrial trials were designed in which a certain amount of water was intentionally added into the furnace by increasing the electrode spray water flow rate. Moreover, we have shown how the presented framework can be used to appropriately adjust the alarm setting values in control/emergency shutdown systems of industrial EAF to enhance the safety and availability of the plant.