bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-term patient-related quality of life outcomes and ICD-10 symptom rating (ISR) of patients with pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis: What is the psychological impact of this life-threatening disease?
Authors: Lang Siegmund , Walter Nike , Froemming Astrid , Baertl Susanne , Szymski Dominik , Alt Volker , Rupp Markus
Published: March 2023

Purpose

We aimed to evaluate the long-term impact of the treatment of pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis (VO) on functional outcomes and patients' quality of life (QoL) with a special focus on psychological well-being.

Methods

A total of 156 patients with VO with a minimum clinical follow-up of 12 months were retrospectively identified and asked to participate. Patient-reported outcome measures were evaluated with the EuroQol five-dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D) and German Short-Form 36 (SF-36) outcome instruments as well as with an ICD-10 based symptom rating (ISR) and compared to normative data. Spine-specific outcomes were assessed with the Core Outcome Measure Index and the Oswestry disability index (ODI) or the Neck disability index (NDI), respectively.

Results

From n = 156 eligible patients, n = 129 patients could be contacted and n = 40 returned questionnaires, yielding a response rate of 31.0%. The mean time from hospital discharge to follow-up was 83.0 ± 3.8 (13–193) months. Spine-specific outcomes showed mild to moderate disability. The mean physical health component score of the SF-36 (37.1 ± 16.7), the mean mental health component score (38.2 ± 14.0) and the mean EQ-5D VAS rating (57.1 ± 21.5) were significantly lower in comparison with the scores of an age-matched reference population (all p < 0.05). The mean total score of the ISR was 0.53 ± 0.23. On average, the cohort did not cross the threshold of clinically relevant symptom burden on any subscale.

Conclusion

Even almost seven years on average after completed treatment of VO, patients report impaired QoL. Assessment of psychological disorders should be implemented in clinical practice and future prospective studies.
Blood pressure in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes: data from the Australasian Diabetes Data Network registry
Authors: James Steven , Perry Lin , Lowe Julia , Harris Margaret , Colman Peter G. , Craig Maria E. ,   Australasian Diabetes Data Network Study Group, Anderson Kym , Andrikopoulos Sof , Ambler Geoff , Barrett Helen , Batch Jenny , Bergman Philip , Cameron Fergus , Conwell Louise , Cotterill Andrew , Cooper Chris , Couper Jennifer , Davis Elizabeth , de Bock Martin , Donaghue Kim , Fairchild Jan , Fegan Gerry , Fourlanos Spiros , Glastras Sarah , Goss Peter , Gray Leonie , Hamblin Peter Shane , Hofman Paul , Holmes-Walker Dianne Jane , Huynh Tony , Isaacs Sonia , Jefferies Craig , Johnson Stephanie , Jones Tim , Kao Jeff , King Bruce R. , Lafferty Antony , Makin Jane , Martin Michelle , McCrossin Robert , Neville Kris , Pascoe Mark , Paul Ryan , Pawlak Dorota , Peña Alexia , Phillips Liza , Price Darrell , Rodda Christine , Simmons David , Sinnott Richard , Smart Carmel , Stell Anthony , Stone Monique , Stranks Steve , Tham Elaine , Waddell Barbara , Ward Glenn , Wheeler Ben , Woodhead Helen , Zimmermann Anthony
Published: March 2023

Aim

Hypertension increases complication risk in type 1 diabetes (T1D). We examined blood pressure (BP) in adolescents and young adults with T1D from the Australasian Diabetes Data Network, a prospective clinical diabetes registry in Australia and New Zealand.

Methods

This was a longitudinal study of prospectively collected registry data. Inclusion criteria: T1D (duration ≥ 1 year) and age 16–25 years at last visit (2011–2020). Hypertension was defined as (on ≥ 3 occasions) systolic BP and/or diastolic BP > 95th percentile for age < 18 years, and systolic BP > 130 and/or diastolic BP > 80 mmHg for age ≥ 18 years. Multivariable Generalised Estimating Equations were used to examine demographic and clinical factors associated with BP in the hypertensive range across all visits.

Results

Data from 6338 young people (male 52.6%) attending 24 participating centres across 36,655 T1D healthcare visits were included; 2812 (44.4%) had BP recorded at last visit. Across all visits, 19.4% of youth aged < 18 years and 21.7% of those aged ≥ 18 years met criteria for hypertension. In both age groups, BP in the hypertensive range was associated with male sex, injection (vs. pump) therapy, higher HbA1c, and higher body mass index.

Conclusions

There is a high proportion of adolescents and young adults reported with BP persistently in hypertensive ranges. Findings flag the additive contribution of hypertension to the well-established body of evidence indicating a need to review healthcare models for adolescents and young adults with T1D.
Synthesizing multifaceted characterization techniques to refine a conceptual model of groundwater sources to springs in valley settings (Minnesota, USA)
Authors: Barry John D. , Runkel Anthony C. , Calvin Alexander E.
Published: March 2023

Springs are commonly used as low-cost monitoring locations to assess groundwater quality and long-term trends. However, spring waters in many settings are a mixture of groundwater sources that range in physical properties and water chemistry. The objective of this work was to determine water sources of springs emerging from the North American midcontinent Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system at a fish hatchery near Lanesboro, Minnesota (USA), and compare and contrast the sources to shallower and deeper sources. The hydrology of the Lanesboro State Fish Hatchery has been studied for decades using a combination of dye tracing, thermal monitoring, geochemical sampling, and nearby borehole and outcrop observations. Previous studies are integrated with recently collected dye tracing results and geochemical data to develop a comprehensive conceptual model of groundwater flow. Dye trace findings and geochemistry indicate well-developed karst and bedrock fractures in shallowly buried unconfined carbonate formations are important transport pathways to convey anthropogenically influenced waters from the land surface to the hatchery springs. However, borehole dye traces, thermal monitoring, continuous nitrate monitoring, and mixing calculations show that a deeper confined siliciclastic aquifer is responsible for delivering relatively pristine water that accounts for about half of hatchery spring flux. Characterization of the hatchery’s groundwater systems provides fishery managers with information to protect this vital resource and improved context to interpret water-quality-monitoring data that track agricultural contaminants. The methods and results of this study may be widely applicable across a large extent of the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system, and to multiaquifer sedimentary bedrock systems elsewhere.
Closed and Open Maps for Partial Frames
Authors: Frith John , Schauerte Anneliese
Published: March 2023

This paper concerns the notions of closed and open maps in the setting of partial frames, which, in contrast to full frames, do not necessarily have all joins. Examples of these include bounded distributive lattices, $$\sigma $$
σ
- and $$\kappa $$
κ
-frames and full frames. We define closed and open maps using geometrically intuitively appealing conditions involving preservation of closed, respectively open, congruences under certain maps. We then characterize them in terms of algebraic identities involving adjoints. We note that partial frame maps need have neither right nor left adjoints whereas frame maps of course always have right adjoints. The embedding of a partial frame in either its free frame or its congruence frame has proved illuminating and useful. We consider the conditions under which these embeddings are closed, open or skeletal. We then look at preservation and reflection of closed or open maps under the functors providing the free frame or the congruence frame. Points arise naturally in the construction of the spectrum functor for partial frames to partial spaces. They may be viewed as maps from the given partial frame to the 2-chain or as certain kinds of filters; using the former description we consider closed and open points. Any point of a partial frame extends naturally to a point on its free frame and a point on its congruence frame; we consider the closedness or openness of these.
The analysis of data metamodels’ extensional layer via extended generalized graph
Authors: Jodłowiec Marcin , Krótkiewicz Marek , Zabawa Piotr
Published: March 2023

There are several limitations known in data modeling discipline, which are related directly to the traditionally used data modeling languages expressiveness. The strong limitations of the expressiveness of the existing well known data modelling languages combined with the lack of a very general universal data modeling language have negative impact to modelling naturalness. As the result of mentioned limits the reality must be transformed to avoid (workaround) the limits introduced by the modelling language. In turn, the transformation process requires extra effort. The problem is strengthened by the lack of mechanisms, which can be used to measure the expressiveness of a particular data modeling language. Some limitations of the existing data modeling languages result from both their metamodel (abstract syntax) and model (metamodel instance) graph-like structure constraints. This kind of limits also has negative impact to a domain-specific modeling naturalness. The paper addresses all problems mentioned above. The problems can be solved with the help of the EGG data modeling language introduced in the paper. First, a universal and customizable EGG data modeling language together with the customization mechanisms (extensions and generalizations) is introduced. According to the first usage scenario the EGG may be applied for domain-specific data modelling tasks in place of other data modeling languages. Second, the paper proposes and applies (for some data modeling languages: RDF, XML, RDBM, UML and AOM) a novel concept of measuring and comparing data modelling languages via mapping their metamodels to the EGG metamodel. So, according to the second usage scenario the EGG metamodel can be used as a reference metamodel for the data modeling language expressiveness comparative studies. It may also support the decision process when a data modeling language must be chosen for a particular domain-specific data modeling task. Third, the EGG introduced in the paper helps to avoid transforming reality to the needs resulting from the data modeling language as the EGG is general enough for the domain data modeling task. Complete abstract syntax of the Extended Generalized Graph is introduced and is expressed through its implementations in terms of the Association-Oriented Metamodel and the Unified Modeling Language. Semantics of each syntactical category of abstract syntax is described. Two complete concrete syntaxes for the Extended Generalized Graph are also introduced in the paper. The case studies related to both social network and knowledge modeling illustrate the applicability and usefulness of the EGG. Abstract syntax is compared to several other metamodels. The comparative study of the case study models created first in different metamodels and then expressed in the Extended Generalized Graph metamodel is summarized quantitatively in the form of a proposed measure.
Joint leaf-refinement and ensemble pruning through $$L_1$$ regularization
Authors: Buschjäger Sebastian , Morik Katharina
Published: March 2023

Ensembles are among the state-of-the-art in many machine learning applications. With the ongoing integration of ML models into everyday life, e.g., in the form of the Internet of Things, the deployment and continuous application of models become more and more an important issue. Therefore, small models that offer good predictive performanceanduse small amounts of memory are required. Ensemble pruning is a standard technique for removing unnecessary classifiers from a large ensemble that reduces the overall resource consumption and sometimes improves the performance of the original ensemble. Similarly, leaf-refinement is a technique that improves the performance of a tree ensemble by jointly re-learning the probability estimates in the leaf nodes of the trees, thereby allowing for smaller ensembles while preserving their predictive performance. In this paper, we develop a new method that combines both approaches into a single algorithm. To do so, we introduce$$L_1$$L1regularization into the leaf-refinement objective, which allows us to jointly prune and refine trees at the same time. In an extensive experimental evaluation, we show that our approach not only offers statistically significantly better performance than the state-of-the-art but also offers a better accuracy-memory trade-off. We conclude our experimental evaluation with a case study showing the effectiveness of our method in a real-world setting.
Association between preeclampsia in daughters and risk of cardiovascular disease in parents
Authors: Lihme Frederikke , Basit Saima , Sciera Lucca Katrine , Andersen Anne-Marie Nyboe , Bundgaard Henning , Wohlfahrt Jan , Boyd Heather A.
Published: March 2023

Preeclampsia and cardiovascular disease (CVD) might share heritable underlying mechanisms. We investigated whether preeclampsia in daughters is associated with CVD in parents. In a register-based cohort study, we used Cox regression to compare rates of CVD (ischemic heart disease, ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction) in parents with ≥ 1 daughters who had preeclampsia and parents whose daughters did not have preeclampsia in Denmark, 1978–2018. Our cohort included 1,299,310 parents, of whom 87,251 had ≥ 1 daughters with preeclampsia and 272,936 developed CVD during 20,252,351 years of follow-up (incidence rate 135/10,000 person-years). Parents with one daughter who had preeclampsia were 1.19 times as likely as parents of daughters without preeclampsia to develop CVD at age < 55 years (hazard ratio [HR] 1.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13–1.25). Having ≥ 2 daughters who had preeclampsia yielded an HR of 1.88 (95% CI 1.39–2.53). The corresponding HRs for CVD at ≥ 55 years of age were 1.13 (95% CI 1.12–1.15) and 1.27 (95% CI 1.16–1.38). Patterns of association were similar for all CVD subtypes. Effect magnitudes did not differ for mothers and fathers (p = 0.52). Analyses by timing of preeclampsia onset in daughters suggested a tendency toward stronger associations with earlier preeclampsia onset, particularly in parents < 55 years. Preeclampsia in daughters was associated with increased risks of CVD in parents. Increasing strength of association with increasing number of affected daughters, equally strong associations for mothers and fathers, and stronger associations for CVD occurring before age 55 years suggest that preeclampsia and CVD share common heritable mechanisms.
Sets and Probability
Authors: Horsten Leon , Brickhill Hazel
Published: March 2023

In this article the idea of random variables over the set theoretic universe is investigated. We explore what it can mean for a random set to have a specific probability of belonging to an antecedently given class of sets, or, in other words, to have a specific probability of having a given set-theoretic property.
Multi-criteria sustainability risk management for post-war residential re-construction: the case of Damascus
Authors: Khaddour Lina Adib , Deng Wu
Published: March 2023

The Syrian conflict nine years of destruction have had catastrophic influence on the built environment. Post-war Residential Re-construction Projects (PRRP) have been one of the most challenging and controversial responsibilities. PRRP play vital role in building back to better level of sustainability, mitigating risks and resilience, providing housing for traumatised displaced people while coping with the war consequences. Hitherto, more sustainable PRRP are found to be riskier for construction professionals compared to traditional projects. Sustainability Risk Management (SRM) can be a challenging mission where multiple interrelated criteria exist. This research is set to identify and assess sustainability risks associated with more sustainable PRRP in Damascus and to understand how the Syrian construction professionals perceive these risks. The research study enhances a survey and interviews’ findings to develop a multi-criteria SRM framework that can be perceived as a decision-support tool to assess sustainability risks in Damascus PRRP. The survey revealed that while the sustainability risk categories weightings are 38%, 24%, 39% for economic, environmental and social risks respectively, the overall response categories weightings are 44%, 31%, 25% for economic, environmental and social responses respectively. The top five risks found are: expenses exceed anticipated, absence of sustainable technology, delays in planning for alternative social homes, unclear allocation of responsibilities and lack of qualified professionals. The interviews looked beyond the current prevailing approaches to sustainability risks while assessing the proposed multi-dimensional conceptual framework. The research framework enhances interrelatedness in management principles among: sustainability assessment, RM and multi criteria decision making in the post-war context. These findings are significant as this is the first-hand experience gathered from Damascus PRRP. It symbolises a turning point in Syrian construction; from traditional to sustainable housing, which will positively influence construction companies’ sustainability awareness in reconstruction process.
Post-separation Care Arrangements and Parents’ Life Satisfaction: Can the Quality of Co-parenting and Frequency of Interparental Conflict Explain the Relationship?
Authors: Augustijn Lara
Published: March 2023

Although growing numbers of parents share the physical custody of their children after family dissolution, empirical studies on the mechanisms through which post-separation care arrangements may affect parental well-being remain scarce. To fill this lacuna, the present study not only investigated the relationship between post-separation care arrangements and the life satisfaction of resident parents, but also whether the quality of co-parenting and the frequency of interparental conflict—two stressors associated with family dissolution—could explain this relationship. Based on data from the Family Models in Germany (FAMOD) study, structural equation models were estimated for an analytical sample of 1104 resident parents practicing either sole physical custody (SPC) or joint physical custody (JPC). The findings showed that parents with JPC experienced, on average, more life satisfaction than their counterparts with SPC. However, after considering the quality of co-parenting and the frequency of interparental conflict, the study found that the direct relationship between post-separation care arrangements and life satisfaction was no longer significant. Instead, practicing JPC was significantly related to both better co-parenting and fewer interparental conflicts, while the latter two factors were positively related to life satisfaction. In sum, this study showed that framework conditions, specifically elements of the interparental relationship, are more important factors to consider when investigating parents’ post-separation well-being than the type of care arrangement practiced. However, the role of selection processes in explaining these associations remains uncertain, including the question of whether practicing JPC actually enhances the quality of the interparental relationship.
Evaluating modelled wildlife corridors for the movement of multiple arboreal species in a fragmented landscape
Authors: Gracanin Ana , Mikac Katarina M.
Published: March 2023

Context

In highly fragmented landscapes, arboreal mammals are limited by their ability to move and disperse between core habitats. Connectivity modelling for multiple species allows scientists to identify the most efficient movement and/or dispersal pathway(s) to prioritise for conservation efforts.

Objectives

In this study, we evaluated the most cost-effective corridor pathway for eight species of arboreal mammals, with particular emphasis on an endangered population of greater gliders (Petauroides volans).

Methods

We use species distribution modelling and circuit theory to calculate connectivity in the landscape for each species. An all-species corridor was then modelled using a least cost path analysis. The final corridor was evaluated for all species through ground-truthing accessible segments.

Results

We identified that some segments of the corridor had low suitability for highly specialised species, and those with tree hollow requirements for denning. The all-species corridor also utilised an artificial crossing structure over a highway, and monitoring of this rope bridge found only two species (sugar gliders; Petaurus breviceps and ringtail possums; Pseudocheirus peregrinus) used the structure on occasion. Thus, the modelled corridor pathway was not suitable for all species, rather it was found to be more suitable for generalist species such as sugar gliders, ringtail possums, brown antechinus; Antechinus stuartii and brushtail possums; Trichosurus vulpecula.

Conclusions

Our study exemplifies the importance of ground-truthing in connectivity conservation studies to ensure conservation outcomes are realised. Furthermore, we provide detailed recommendations for relevant conservation managers, to improve the usage of these existing habitat corridors by arboreal species.
Hypercube quantum search: exact computation of the probability of success in polynomial time
Authors: Pillin Hugo , Burel Gilles , Baird Paul , Baghious El-Houssain , Gautier Roland
Published: March 2023

In the emerging domain of quantum algorithms, Grover’s quantum search is certainly one of the most significant. It is relatively simple, performs a useful task and more importantly, does it in an optimal way. However, due to the success of quantum walks in the field, it is logical to study quantum search variants over several kinds of walks. In this paper, we propose an in-depth study of the quantum search over a hypercube layout. First, through the analysis of elementary walk operators restricted to suitable eigenspaces, we show that the acting component of the search algorithm takes place in a small subspace of the Hilbert workspace that grows linearly with the problem size. Subsequently, we exploit this property to predict the exact evolution of the probability of success of the quantum search in polynomial time.
Age at marriage and marital stability: evidence from China
Authors: Garcia-Hombrados Jorge , Özcan Berkay
Published: March 2023

Many studies showed that marrying younger is associated with a higher risk of divorce. We investigate the causal effect of marrying at an earlier age on women’s divorce risk. We exploit the introduction of the 1981 reform in China, which facilitated legal marriage for urban women younger than 25 years old, using the Chinese Census data. We show that the reform generated a kink in the mean age at marriage for women, which we use in a fuzzy regression kink design (RKD) to assess the causal effect of marrying younger on the probability of divorce. First, we confirm in our data the existence of a negative (in fact, a U-shaped) association between age at marriage and divorce, as commonly observed in previous studies from the USA. Then, we show that this association disappears in our analyses based on RKD. This finding suggests that the well-documented association between early marriage and divorce is in fact attributable to unobservable factors driving both marriage timing and the likelihood of divorce. We discuss the implications.
Bounded rationality: from fast and frugal heuristics to logic programming and back
Authors: Vargas Francisco , Martignon Laura , Stenning Keith
Published: March 2023

The notion of “bounded rationality” was introduced by Simon as an appropriate framework for explaining how agents reason and make decisions in accordance with their computational limitations and the characteristics of the environments in which they exist (seen metaphorically as two complementary scissor blades).We elaborate on how bounded rationality is usually conceived in psychology and on its relationship with logic. We focus on the relationship between heuristics and some non-monotonic logical systems. These two categories of cognitive tools share fundamental features. As a step further, we show that in some cases heuristics themselves can be formalized from this logic perspective. We have therefore two main aims: on the one hand, to demonstrate the relationship between the bounded rationality programme and logic, understood in a broad sense; on the other hand, to provide logical tools of analysis of already known heuristics. This may lead to results such as the characterization of fast and frugal binary trees in terms of their associated logic program here provided.
Redistributive wars
Authors: Peperkamp Lonneke
Published: March 2023

Can the global poor wage a just redistributive war against the global rich? The moral norms governing the use of force are usually considered to be very strict. Nonetheless, some philosophers have recently argued that violating duties of global justicecanbe a just cause for war. This paper discusses redistributive wars. It shows that the strength of these arguments is contingent on the underlying account of global distributive justice. The paper focuses on the “doing harm argument,” under the assumption that the alternative “allowing harm argument” is a more difficult route to justify redistributive wars. After highlighting several preliminary problems, the paper breaks down and assesses in depth the “doing harm argument”: the empirical premise, the rights violation that constitutes the wrong, liability and degrees of responsibility, and the conditions for justified self-defense. By drawing on principles reflected in criminal law, this paper argues that a general “doing harm argument” for redistributive wars is unconvincing, while a reinterpretation of that argument could theoretically give rise to a just cause for war.
Angebote zur Prävention von sozialer Isolation und Einsamkeit bei älteren Menschen im ländlichen Raum
Authors: Steinbeisser Kathrin , Brembeck Sinia , Anderle Laura , Boldt Christine
Published: March 2023

Hintergrund

In ländlichen Regionen sind ältere Menschen besonders mit sozialer Isolation und Einsamkeit sowie deren gesundheitlichen Auswirkungen (z. B. erhöhte Gesamtmortalität, kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen) konfrontiert. Um diesem zunehmenden Public-Health-Problem entgegenzuwirken, bedarf es Angebote zur Förderung von Sozialkontakten und gesellschaftlicher Teilhabe.

Fragestellung

Liegt ein Bedarf an Präventionsangeboten in Bezug auf soziale Isolation bzw. Einsamkeit vor und wie kann diesem begegnet werden?

Methoden

Eine quantitative, deskriptive Analyse mittels Paper-pencil-Fragebogen wurde von Dezember 2019 bis Januar 2020 durchgeführt, um das (1) Vorliegen von sozialer Isolation und Einsamkeit sowie deren Risikofaktoren, (2) Bedürfnisse und Bedarfe sowie (3) die Eignungsbewertung von und das Interesse an Angeboten zur Prävention von sozialer Isolation und Einsamkeit bei Einwohner/-innen ≥ 65 Jahre einer ländlichen Kommune zu erfassen.

Ergebnisse

Die Rücklaufquote betrug 48,9 % von N = 331. In der Studienpopulation lagen verschiedene Risikofaktoren für soziale Isolation und Einsamkeit vor (z. B. Kinderlosigkeit, eingeschränkte Mobilität). Zudem hat fast ein Fünftel der Personen innerhalb von 14 Tagen keinen persönlichen Kontakt zu Menschen aus dem öffentlichen Bereich. Über ein Fünftel gab an, sich „manchmal“ oder „oft“ einsam zu fühlen. Die Angebotsvorschläge „Gottesdienste, Nutzen von kirchlichen Angeboten“, „Ausflüge“, „Informationsveranstaltungen zu verschiedenen Themen“, „Gemeinsame Bewegung/Sport“ und eine „Unterstützungsgruppe, in der man anderen Personen seine Hilfe anbieten und/oder Hilfe bekommen kann“ wurden am häufigsten als geeignet sowie interessant beurteilt.

Schlussfolgerungen

Die Ergebnisse zeigen einen hohen Bedarf, Bedürfnisse und Interesse an Angeboten zur Prävention von sozialer Isolation und Einsamkeit auf. Angebote sollten die spezifischen Bedarfe und Bedürfnisse (z. B. geringe finanzielle Mittel, eingeschränkte Mobilität) älterer Menschen berücksichtigen.
CFD simulation of a small bubble motion in 3D flow domain: effect of liquid density, viscosity and surface tension
Authors: Crha Jakub , Basařová Pavlína , Ruzicka Marek C.
Published: March 2023

The motion of spherical and slightly deformed bubbles rising rectilinearly in a stagnant liquid was numerically simulated in a fully three-dimensional domain using the CFD solver COMSOL Multiphysics. The interface was tracked by the built-in conservative Level set method on a fixed numerical grid. The purpose of this work was to study the single bubble motion in three industrially used liquids that differ significantly in surface tension, density, and viscosity. The motion of bubbles with diameters up to 1.6 mm was also studied experimentally using a high-speed camera. The data obtained together with the results of theoretical models for bubble motion were used for the validation of the simulation data. Using a 3D domain, very good agreement was obtained in both bubble shape deformations and bubble terminal velocity. The best results were achieved for propanol with low surface tension and low viscosity. In the case of high surface tension and low viscosity liquid (water), both the bubble deformation and the bubble velocity were slightly underestimated. In the case of glycerol (high surface tension and viscosity), the negligible bubble deformation is correctly calculated, but the velocity is again slightly underestimated.

Graphical abstract
Smart factory mapping and design: methodological approaches
Authors: Magnus Christian S.
Published: March 2023

Several studies show a demand for further transfer of Industry 4.0 concepts and technologies into practice. This paper describes how companies can be supported methodologically to identify individual opportunities for optimization within their future smart factories. Existing methods are screened, recombined, and enhanced to create a sufficient demand-oriented approach, based on the lean value stream mapping and design. The final approach covers a mapping phase of the current state and a design phase of a future state. It follows the general principle of process optimization prior to digitalization. Being a highly visual method, it can be used to explain the needs and the motivation for the identified improvement initiatives to all involved parties, including non-IT-specialists. This paper also presents an exemplary result and several learnings from tests with three companies with discrete manufacturing processes.
Machine learning due diligence evaluation to increase NPLs profitability transactions on secondary market
Authors: Carannante Maria , D’Amato Valeria , Fersini Paola , Forte Salvatore , Melisi Giuseppe
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we contribute to the topic of the non-performing loans (NPLs) business profitability on the secondary market by developing machine learning-based due diligence. In particular, a loan became non-performing when the borrower is unlikely to pay, and we use the ability of the ML algorithms to model complex relationships between predictors and outcome variables, we set up an ad hoc dependent random forest regressor algorithm for projecting the recovery rate of a portfolio of the secured NPLs. Indeed the profitability of the transactions under consideration depends on forecast models of the amount of net repayments expected from receivables and related collection times. Finally, the evaluation approach we provide helps to reduce the ”lemon discount” by pricing the risky component of informational asymmetry between better-informed banks and potential investors in particular for higher quality, collateralised NPLs.
Imagined places of the past: the interplay of time and memory in the maintenance of place attachment
Authors: Lomas Michael J. , Ayodeji Eunice , Brown Philip
Published: March 2023

Place attachment describes the emotional connection that people hold with a physical space, and such bonds have been shown to be associated with higher levels of life satisfaction, as well as physical and mental well-being. Although a temporal element of place attachment is acknowledged, the exact nature of time’s role in such relationships is yet to be fully understood. The current study addressed this using qualitative interviews with nine long-term residents of an urban centre in Northwest England. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was applied to explore the underlying mechanisms through which time asserts its influence on place attachment. Analysis developed three interrelated super-ordinate themes: what time brings, accumulated attachment, and time as a dialectic. As time passes, life events, cultural changes, and physical transformation to the environment affect individuals’ interactions with place, and thus their relationship with it. Continued inhabitation leads to an accumulation of emotional salience. Ultimately, time interacts with human memory, offering individuals multiple perspectives through which to make sense of their present environment. Issues may then arise, as memory is heavily influenced by the passing of time. Consequently, present-day perceptions of the place’s past are often viewed through a prism of nostalgia, with implications for the person-place bond.
A systematic review on the cultural factors associated with stigma during pandemics
Authors: Zay Hta May Kyi , Ting Rachel Sing-Kiat , Goh Pei Hwa , Gan Qian Hui , Jones Liz
Published: March 2023

Both public stigma and perceived self-stigma are prevalent during pandemics threatening a divide among the global community. This systematic review examined the cultural factors associated with viral respiratory-related pandemic stigma. Following PRISMA guidelines, the keywords, “culture, stigma, and pandemic” were searched across relevant databases for empirical papers between January 2000 to March 2022. Quality assessment and coding were adopted in the screening process. Thirty-one articles were included in the final analysis. Themes revealed that collectivistic values, cultural identities, and non-western regions were associated with public (others) stigma; mismatch of cultural values, minority groups, and North America, Asia, Oceania, and African regions were associated with higher perceived and self-stigma. We further mapped the themes into a proposed systemic cultural stigma model to integrate the dynamic intersection of cultural values, identity, and ecology. The cultural factors and their influence on stigma were then explained by drawing on two evolutionary theories: Cultural rationality theory and scapegoating theory. Lastly, we proposed culturally sensitive and responsive practices for stigma management at the community level, especially in non-Western regions during the pandemic recovery phase.
The magmatism of Atienza (NW Iberian Chain, Spain): age, origin and architecture of the magmatic plumbing system
Authors: Majarena Urbez , Galé Carlos , Esteban José Julián , Lago Marceliano , Gil-Imaz Andrés
Published: March 2023

A sill covering an area of more than 15 km2, several dykes up to 5 m thick and a volcanoclastic deposit crop out with similar petrology in the sector of Atienza (NW Iberian Chain, Spain). They consist of calc-alkaline porphyritic andesites with phenocrysts of plagioclase, amphibole, biotite, garnet and orthopyroxene. Based on U–Pb zircon analysis, an age of 290 ± 3 Ma (Sakmarian-Artinskian in the Cisuralian) has been calculated for this magmatism. The chemistry and geothermobarometry on amphibole crystals revealed crystallisation at different depths between 31 and 16 km, involving several events of magma recharge and fractional crystallisation. Magma ascent led to destabilisation of the amphibole crystals, their replacement by biotite, and the formation of thick microcrystalline coronas. Whole-rock trace element and isotopic compositions support a strong crustal influence in the origin of the magma. Crustal melting was produced by heating generated after lithospheric thinning, delamination, and asthenospheric rise produced after the uplift of the Variscan Orogen and the oroclinal folding of the Iberian Massif.
Nuremberg
Authors: Brockmann Stephen
Published: March 2023

Traces the development of ideas of Nuremberg as cultural and spiritual capital, thus offering a coherent view of German cultural and intellectual history.
Medieval Suffolk
Authors: Bailey Mark
Published: March 2023

A comprehensive survey of the economy and society of late medieval Suffolk.
Lessons for Participation from an Interdisciplinary Law and Sustainability Science Approach: The Reform of the Sustainable Use of Pesticides Directive
Authors: Volpato Annalisa , Offermans Astrid
Published: March 2023

Stakeholder participation is an important tenet for European Union (EU) policymaking and it can be approached from different disciplinary angles. The legal literature tends to refer to participation as a formal consultative opportunity in regulatory processes, resulting in rather homogeneous institutional arrangements for participation across policy fields and different sets of problems. Sustainability science, on the other hand, starts from the understanding of a problem in its complexity and peculiarities as a driving force determining both the rationale behind and the design of each participatory process. In this paper, we explore lessons regarding participation that could be derived from adopting an approach in which we combine insights from law and sustainability science. Along four principles, we explore potential leverage points for improving the sustainability of EU decision-making processes and their outcomes.
Inundation, runup and flow velocity of wavemaker generated bores on a planar beach
Authors: Barranco Ignacio , Liu Philip L.-F.
Published: March 2023

Undulating and breaking bores are generated in the laboratory using a programmable long-stroke wavemaker. By changing the stroke length and the speed of the wavemaker, both non-decaying and decaying bores are generated and studied. Bore strength, height and duration are measured and compared with the solutions derived by using the method of characteristics, with excellent agreement. The measurements for inundation depth, runup height and flood duration are checked with the formulas presented in Barranco & Liu (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 915, 2021). The comparisons show that the formulas are also accurate for the non-decaying bores generated by the wavemaker. The maximum inundation depth predicted by the formula for zero bore length at the beach toe agrees with the laboratory observations for decaying bores. Using a high-speed particle image velocimetry system, the ensemble-averaged velocities and fluctuating velocities under undulating bores and breaking bores are measured in constant water depth and in the vicinity of the still water shoreline. Detailed analyses of the velocity fields are presented and discussed. For the undulating bore a long quiescent flood duration is observed, while for the breaking bore the up-rush flow changes into down-rush flow almost linearly.
Hanging droplets from liquid interfaces
Authors: Singh Piyush , Singh Narinder , Pal Anikesh
Published: March 2023

The impact of a heavier droplet falling into a deep pool of lighter liquid is investigated using three-dimensional numerical simulations. We demonstrate that the heavier droplets can hang from the surface of a lighter liquid using surface tension. The impact phenomenon and the evolution of the heavier droplet as a function of its size and release height are explored. A theoretical model is also formulated to understand the role of different forms of energy associated with the hanging droplet. We further solve the force balance equations for the hanging droplets analytically, and demonstrate that the results obtained from our simulations match very well the analytical solution. This research offers opportunities in many areas, including drug and gene delivery, encapsulation of biomolecules, microfluidics, soft robots, and remediation of oil spills.
Viscous effects in Mach reflection of shock waves and passage to the inviscid limit
Authors: Shoev G.V. , Kudryavtsev A.N. , Khotyanovsky D.V. , Bondar Ye.A.
Published: March 2023

The influence of viscosity on the Mach reflection of shock waves in a steady flow of a monatomic gas is studied by solving the Navier–Stokes equations numerically. Based on the nested block grid refinement technique, the flow near the shock wave intersection is simulated, and its behaviour with increasing Reynolds number is studied. The computations are performed for the interaction of both strong (free-stream Mach number$M_\infty = 4$) and weak ($M_\infty = 1.7$) shock waves. In the strong reflection of shock waves at all Reynolds numbers in the examined range, it is found that there exists a small-size zone behind the shock wave intersection where the flow parameters differ from those predicted by the Rankine–Hugoniot relations and hence deviate from the predictions of the inviscid three-shock theory. The structure of this zone is self-similar: in coordinates normalised to the mean free path of molecules in the free stream. The structure is identical at all Reynolds numbers considered in the study. As the Reynolds number increases, the size of this zone in physical coordinates decreases, but the maximum difference between the viscous and inviscid solutions in this zone remains constant, reaching approximately$10\,\%$for pressure. In the weak reflection of shock waves, the flow structure behind the shock wave intersection is not self-similar, i.e. the flow fields at different Reynolds numbers do not coincide in the normalised coordinates, but converge, as the Reynolds number increases, to the parameters predicted by the inviscid three-shock theory.
Assessing controls on ice dynamics at Crane Glacier, Antarctic Peninsula, using a numerical ice flow model
Authors: Aberle Rainey , Enderlin Ellyn M. , Marshall Hans-Peter , Kopera Michal , Meehan Tate G.
Published: March 2023

The Antarctic Peninsula's widespread glacier retreat and ice shelf collapse have been attributed to atmospheric and oceanic warming. Following the initial post-collapse period of retreat, several former tributary glaciers of the Larsen A and B ice shelves have been slowly re-advancing for more than a decade. Here, we use a flowline model of Crane Glacier to gauge the sensitivity of former tributary glaciers to future climate change following this period of long-term dynamic adjustment. The glacier's long-term geometry and speed changes are similar to those of other former Larsen A and B tributaries, suggesting that Crane Glacier is a reasonable representation of regional dynamics. For the unperturbed climate simulations, discharge remains nearly unchanged in 2018–2100, indicating that dynamic readjustment to shelf collapse took ~15 years. Despite large uncertainties in Crane Glacier's past and future climate forcing, a wide range of future climate scenarios leads to a relatively modest range in grounding line discharge (0.8–1.5 Gt a−1) by 2100. Based on the model results for Crane, we infer that although former ice shelf tributaries may readvance following collapse, similar to the tidewater glacier cycle, their dynamic response to future climate perturbations should be less than their response to ice shelf collapse.
In Search of Humanity: The Moral and Legal Discrepancy in the Redress of Violations in International Humanitarian Law
Authors: van de Put Steven
Published: March 2023

Both international humanitarian law (IHL) and international human rights law (IHRL) make extensive references to humanity. Yet the role attributed to humanity differs between the two. Humanity is seen in IHRL as the source of the rights, whereas in IHL it is interpreted as a moral obligation to avoid harm. This article challenges this perspective. Relying upon contemporary interpretations of IHL, it will be argued that, in a moral sense, IHL matches up closely with IHRL. Crucial here is that humanity, rather than reflect a utilitarian perspective to avoid harm, is worded in stronger terms. To reflect this accurately, it is argued that IHL is best seen as a reflection of TM Scanlon's contractualism as opposed to utilitarian reasoning. Relying upon the similarities in moral reasoning visible in both bodies of law, the article argues that this should also be reflected when it comes to redress for violations. In a concrete sense, the argument here is that this also presents a moral requirement to recognise individual claims within IHL. To give legal effect to this moral demand, it is suggested that IHRL might play a role in bridging the gap between the moral and legal considerations in IHL.
New species of Arthoniales from Cape Verde with an enlarged concept of the genus Ingaderia
Authors: Ertz Damien , Tehler Anders
Published: March 2023

Three new species of Arthoniales are described from Cape Verde: Ingaderia dendritica, with ascomata formed of richly branched-dendroid lirellae and containing erythrin; Sparria caboverdensis, with small stroma-like ascomata and ascospores with 3–7 transverse septa; and Syncesia miesii, with an I− thallus, a tomentose hymenial disc, and a chemistry with fatty acids only. Phylogenetic analyses using nuLSU and RPB2 sequences reveal the placement of Fulvophyton sorediatum, Llimonaea occulta, L. sorediata and Sparria caboverdensis in the family Opegraphaceae. The genus Llimonaea is recovered as paraphyletic, with L. flexuosa being placed as sister species to a lineage including the genera Ingaderia and Paraingaderia. In consequence, an enlarged concept of the genus Ingaderia is proposed, resulting in the transfer of F. sorediatum, L. flexuosa, L. occulta, L. sorediata and Paraingaderia placodioidea to Ingaderia.
Humans Making History through Continuities and Discontinuities in Art
Authors: Davidson Iain
Published: March 2023

Early representational art seems to tell a story all of its own, but in reality, it depended on the oral stories that accompanied its production. The art system has four parts: the producer, the subject of the story, the images of that subject, and the seer. Through the stories of the producer and the seers, this system implicated members of society in ways that were not limited to the images produced. By tying those stories to particular places, rock art influenced society more broadly through foraging choices and ritual. Because the persisting marks of rock art necessarily required storytelling, the stories penetrated the mental lives of people in the society. Interwoven with these considerations is the observation that for archaeologists, the producer, the stories and the original seers are gone and all that is left is the material of the rock art and the archaeologist. Writing archaeohistory from these materials requires interpretation in light of the archaeological evidence distributed across both space and time. One way of interpreting archaeohistory suggests that rock art played a significant role in cognitive evolution through its engagement in ritual.