bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prosociality in an International Perspective: Civic Engagement and Volunteering
Authors: Gökce Habibe Erdiş , Sjö Sofia , Nynäs Peter , Lagerström Martin
Published: June 2022

In many studies of young adults, prosocial attitudes and behaviors are on the agenda. The often reported decline in civic engagement among young adults is generally presented as a concern. Prosocial attitudes and behaviors have been linked to aspects of well-being; high scores on some prosocial attitude indicators are seen as a sign of positive adjustment. Prosocial attitudes and behaviors are also key in discussions of civic engagement, volunteering, and altruism – aspects, in a sense, of the well-being of a society, and they are also of interest in discussions of religion. Commonly, a link between prosociality and religion has been indicated.

In this chapter, we bring together findings from the research project Young Adults and Religion in Global Perspective (YARG) for an overview of prosocial attitudes and behaviors among young adult university students. We focus particularly on civic engagement and volunteering. Based on survey data, we first briefly explore who expresses prosocial attitudes and behaviors and the values connected to prosocial behaviors. This perspective offers only tentative answers. For a more in-depth view, we continue by exploring the data from the Faith Q-Sort. Finally, we zoom in on two examples, Turkey and Sweden, and compare the views on civic engagement and volunteering among young adults in these two contexts.
Minority and Majority Positions: The Religious Subjectivities and Value Profiles Among Muslim Students in Israel and Turkey
Authors: Kheir Sawsan , Gökce Habibe Erdiş , Meijer Clara Marlijn , Illman Ruth
Published: June 2022

Recent research indicates that global changes in life views, religion, and values are taking place. This study explores reflections of these changes on the religious subjectivities and value profiles of young adult Muslim students in Turkey and in Israel. These cases were chosen based on their similar religious backgrounds on the one hand, and the large differences in their cultural and political contexts on the other.

Our findings are based on a mixed-method study, Young Adults and Religion in a Global Perspective (YARG), which includes the Schwartz’s value survey (PVQ-RR) and the Faith Q-Sort-method (FQS) developed by Prof. David Wulff. Muslim students in Israel reported higher degrees of self- and family religiosity, and involvement in religious practices in private, as compared to Muslim students in Turkey. Furthermore, the analysis of the FQS yielded five different prototypes for each group, and similarities between certain pairs of prototypes were observed. Our results indicate that despite the shared religious affiliation to Islam, the cultural context of each group contributes largely to differences in religious subjectivities and values between young adult Muslim students in Turkey and in Israel. Such a comparison valuably contributes to understanding the socio-psychological factors that shape the results of the interchange between processes of convergence of cultural values with the persistence of traditional values.
Young Adults as a Social Category: Findings from an International Study in Light of Developmental and Cohort Perspectives
Authors: Klingenberg Maria , Sjö Sofia , Moberg Marcus
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the basic characteristics of the university students who have participated in the Young Adults and Religion in a Global Perspective (YARG) project, as mirrored in the survey data, and to discuss the findings in light of theoretical assumptions about young adults. The chapter provides an introduction to two prevalent research perspectives on youth: a developmental perspective, and a cohort perspective. Background statistics as well as the main findings on religion are then discussed in light of these perspectives. The respondents’ age, civil state and relational commitments are analyzed from a developmental perspective, which assumes similarity on behalf of young adults as a consequence of their age. Furthermore, findings on values and media use are presented in order to explore whether the survey data provides support for the participants forming a generation, the main tenet of a cohort perspective, in terms of sharing values and media habits. The concluding section discusses the extent to which higher education sets university students apart from the youth population in generally, as reflected in the YARG data. The chapter therefore provides a first glimpse into who the participants are, and what the categorization of them as young adults entails.
Who Are They and What Do They Value? – The Five Global Worldviews of Young Adults
Authors: Nynäs Peter , Keysar Ariela , Lagerström Martin
Published: June 2022

In this chapter, we present five distinct worldview profiles that describe ways of being religious, spiritual and secular. The findings emerge from our international study with young adults in twelve countries worldwide, and it is based on the Faith Q-Sort (FQS) and Q-methodology. FQS is a novel way to assess worldviews based on what is called prototypes from a factor analysis of how people respond to a set of statements. We implemented the FQS as part of our mixed-method approach, and results from the survey part allows us to further explore the five prototypes closer. How are the worldviews different from each other in terms of national distribution, demographic data, measure of religiosity, basic values, life satisfaction, where they get information, and aspects of trust? Since FQS is a new instrument in the study of religions, the investigation based on the mixed method approach helps us to evaluate its usefulness and quality as a method for assessment of ways of being (non)religious.
Conceptualizing Human–Nature Interactions – An Overview
Authors: Egarter Vigl Lukas , Depellegrin Daniel , Misiune Ieva
Published: June 2022

Significance Statement

The threats posed by climate change and global biodiversity loss are increasingly seen as a major problem for the future of nature and humanity. Significant improvements in the understanding of how human and nature interact are thus required to address both challenges comprehensively. Over the past decade, different nature-based approaches, such as Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA), Green Infrastructure (GI), and Nature’s Contributions to People (NCP), have enriched the scientific discourse and gained prominence in policy- and decision-making. However, the underlying concepts are vaguely defined, and their systematic uptake is hampered by a lack of clarity over the relationships and overlaps between different nature-based approaches. Here, we discuss recent advances in conceptualizing human–nature interactions with the aim of making these concepts more tangible and applicable for a broader audience.
Environmental [In]Equity: Accessibility to Green Spaces in a Rapidly Urbanizing Mountain-City
Authors: Rossi Sebastian D. , Otero Adriana M. , Abraham Elena , Byrne Jason
Published: June 2022

Significance Statement

Open Green Spaces (OGS) provide a range of cultural ecosystems services including health benefits through recreational and tourism opportunities. Rapid and oftentimes unplanned urbanization can result in the loss of OGS, negatively affecting urban dwellers’ health and wellbeing. An example is the rapidly expanding city of San Carlos de Bariloche, located in the Argentinean Patagonia, surrounded by the iconic Nahuel Huapi National Park. The study reported here sought to assess the availability and distribution equity of public OGS in Bariloche. The study found inequalities in access and distribution; ‘wealthier’ neighbourhoods offered more OGS than poorer neighbourhoods. Better regulation of development is required and future land use plans need to preserve and protect future OGS sites and improve access points to existing OGS to ensure more equitable access to diverse natural landscapes.
Ecosystem Service Flows Across the Rural-Urban Spectrum
Authors: Lewis Amy , Devenish Katie , Dolan Rachel , Garraty Tara , Okosun Oboh , Scowen Matthew , Welivita Indunee , Willcock Simon
Published: June 2022

Significance Statement

Key differences exist between how rural and urban people receive benefits from nature (termed ecosystem services; ES). In rural areas, people are thought to have relatively direct relationships with local ecosystems (e.g. growing food on your subsistence farm). By contrast, within urban areas, people often have more indirect access to distant ecosystems (e.g. obtaining food from hundreds of miles away via supermarket value chain). However, this leaves many questions unanswered: e.g., What natural benefits are present within cities? When do nature’s benefits flow into cities? When do the people travel out to directly receive nature’s benefits? Here, we explore this issue – breaking down ES flows into two components (i.e. the movement of natural goods and the movement of beneficiaries [people]).
Accessibility to and Fragmentation of Urban Green Infrastructure: Importance for Adaptation to Climate Change
Authors: Misiune Ieva , Kazys Justas
Published: June 2022

Significance Statement

Urban green infrastructure (GI) is one of the key strategies to respond to environmental problems. It helps to support biodiversity, adaptation to climate change and ensure the provision of ecosystem services (ES). Scientific literature suggests that there are thresholds for minimum viable green area patch sizes. Besides the size, accessibility is another important factor for the supply of ES. This work assesses how demand and accessibility can be improved addressing fragmentation of GI in Vilnius, Lithuania. The analysis shows that climate adaptation policy should guide the development of GI addressing simultaneously the demand of ES and fragmentation of the GI, for instance, by reconnecting existing natural areas in this way increasing accessibility and reducing the risk of further habitat fragmentation.
The Role of Allotment Gardens for Connecting Nature and People
Authors: Schneider Petra , Fauk Tino
Published: June 2022

Significance Statement

Allotment gardens (AG) are valuable elements of communities that provide substantial ecosystem services. An AG as a type of community garden is a plot of land made available for individual, non-commercial gardening or growing food plants. Beside the provision of urban ecosystem services, AG’s deliver an ecological potential to habitat connectivity in the urban realm as well a substantial contribution to human health. The role of AG’s in the frame of urban ecosystems is manifold and multifunctional. Beside their purpose for food production and recreation, AG’s offer crucial benefits for public health and wellbeing, social inclusion, environment, and as cultural archive. Their intrinsic purpose is connectivity, for habitats, people, ecosystem services and circular flux management. The contribution is based on a literature review supported by a field survey that was performed in the period 2017–2020 in Ecuador, Germany, Sweden, Uganda, and Vietnam.
The Link Between Urban Green Space Planning Tools and Distributive, Procedural and Recognition Justice
Authors: Hanson Helena I. , Alkan Olsson Johanna
Published: June 2022

Significant Statement

Climate change and an increasing urbanisation create pressure on cities in terms of extreme weather events, deteriorated public health and wellbeing and a loss of biodiversity. Urban green spaces, such as parks and street trees, can help to reduce vulnerability and improve living conditions. Planning tools can support decisions on where, what and how much urban green space to save or implement. If used appropriately, planning tools can capture citizens’ needs and foster a more just planning and implementation of urban green spaces. This demands knowledge about the tools, their efficiency and appropriate application, as well as knowledge about the ecosystem and human needs. It also demands adequate technical, time and economic resources, as well as organisational and communication structures that can include citizens in the planning process.
The Socio-Ecological Dimension of Ocean Multi-Use Platforms
Authors: Depellegrin Daniel , van den Burg Sander , Schupp Maximillian Felix , Johanning Lars
Published: June 2022

Significance Statement

A Multi-Use Platform can integrate different maritime activities into a single sea area. We propose an analytical framework to investigate the socio-ecological benefits and impacts of potential Multi-Use Platforms designs in the Mediterranean and North Sea. The framework uses a marine ecosystem services matrix that has the aim to facilitate knowledge sharing on the ecosystem goods and services a Multi-Use Platform can potentially support and interact with. The results highlight that Multi-Use Platforms provide multiple opportunities for energy generation, food provisioning (e.g. recreational fishing, extractive aquaculture) and cultural services (e.g. coastal recreation, diving, research and monitoring). Further research suggests application of quantitative socio-ecological analysis techniques to measure potential synergies and trade-offs among the multiple activities of the platform.
Disentangling Trade-Offs Between the State of Coastal Ecosystems with Human Well-Being and Activities as a Strategy Addressing Sustainable Tourism
Authors: Drius Mita , Pugnetti Alessandra , Bongiorni Lucia
Published: June 2022

Significance Statement

Coastal tourism is a major driver for the local and regional economy of many Mediterranean areas. At the same time, this industry generates threats that, added to those produced by other coastal human activities, substantially damage the coastal and marine environment. A damaged environment cannot provide many fundamental benefits for coastal tourism itself, such as for instance clear water, coastal protection and natural beauty. We propose a framework for unravelling the threats and benefits related to coastal tourism, and we present two lists of indicators of coastal tourism sustainability, to monitor the impact of coastal tourism on the natural environment (threat indicators), and to assess which threat mitigation measures can counteract it (enabling factor indicators).
Transformations of Urban Coastal Nature(s): Meanings and Paradoxes of Nature-Based Solutions for Climate Adaptation in Southeast Asia
Authors: Herbeck Johannes , Siriwardane-de Zoysa Rapti
Published: June 2022

Significance Statement

This chapter puts into conversation two distinct yet interrelated planning visions – Blue Urbanism as a movement in its own right. driven by the overarching promise of more meaningfully reconnecting coastal cities with their marine ecosystems, and Nature-based solutions, with roots in engineering that encompass a broad range of conservationist and infrastructural interventions rooted in Euro-American sensibilities around (urban) nature. Drawing on urban Southeast Asia for inspiration, namely Jakarta, Metro Manila and Singapore, the chapter unpicks dominant understandings of “nature” within its concomitant planning paradigms. Particular attention is placed on divergent meanings and contradictions that underpin how urban coastal nature(s) are materially imagined, reproduced and contested through often technical means, utilitarian value-systems, and modes of governing adaptation in its broadest sense.
Linked Data and Ontologies for Semantic Interoperability
Authors: Menzel Karsten , Törmä Seppo , Markku Kiviniemi , Tsatsakis Kostas , Hryshchenko Andriy , Lucky Meherun Nesa
Published: June 2022

The purpose of Linked Data and ontologies is to achieve semantic interoperability across different systems and agents. As a concrete implementation, Digital Construction Ontologies (DiCon) are meant to provide efficient information sharing and utilization between the tools in the BIM4EEB toolkit. This section explains the motivations, design principles, and organization of DiCon ontologies.
Conversion of Multi-lingual STEM Documents in E-Born PDF into Various Accessible E-Formats
Authors: Suzuki Masakazu , Yamaguchi Katsuhito
Published: June 2022

A new method of mathematical OCR
to improve remarkably recognition accuracy for e-born PDF by making use of SVG information generated from the PDF is shown. Even if a local language is used to represent texts in the PDF, without a special OCR engine for that language, it can be converted into various accessible e-formats. The software GUI is improved so that end users can customize it easily for their language. Its French and Vietnamese versions are actually released by using this new feature. Some evaluations done in Vietnam are also reported.
Exploring the Dynamics of Quantum Information in Many-Body Localised Systems with High Performance Computing
Authors: Chiew Shao-Hen , Kwek Leong-Chuan , Lee Chee-Kong
Published: June 2022

Conventional many-body quantum systems thermalize under their own dynamics, losing information about their initial configurations to the environment. However, it is known that a strong disorder results in many-body localization (MBL). A closed quantum systems with MBL retains local information even in the presence of interactions. Here, we numerically study the propagation and scrambling of quantum information of a closed system in the MBL phase from an information theoretic perspective. By simulating the dynamics and equilibration of the temporal mutual information for long times, we see that it can distinguish between MBL and ergodic phases.
Einleitung
Authors: Kiefer Iphigenie Leandra
Published: June 2022

In jüngster Zeit sind eine Reihe von bedeutenden Entwicklungen zu beobachten, die das Wirtschaftsumfeld in den letzten Jahren maßgeblich geprägt und verändert haben. Unternehmen stehen unter einem hohen Veränderungsdruck, um ihre Wettbewerbsfähigkeit und Wertschöpfung langfristig erhalten zu können.
Grundlagen der Untersuchung
Authors: Kiefer Iphigenie Leandra
Published: June 2022

Damit die nachfolgenden theoretischen Annahmen und empirischen Analysen inhaltlich nachvollziehbar sind und mit bestehenden Forschungserkenntnissen in Bezug gesetzt werden können, ist es erforderlich, zunächst die zentralen Phänomene der vorliegenden Arbeit näher zu erläutern. Die Literaturdurchsicht wird zeigen, dass es bereits eine Vielzahl von wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten gibt, die sich theoretisch sowie empirisch mit dem Konstrukt MO auseinandersetzen. Beim DT Mindset handelt es sich hingegen um ein neues Konstrukt, welches nicht eindeutig definiert und bislang eher weniger erforscht ist.
Empirische Untersuchung zum Wirkungsbeitrag des Design Thinking Mindsets zur marktorientierten Unternehmensführung
Authors: Kiefer Iphigenie Leandra
Published: June 2022

Nachdem im vorangegangenen Kapitel der theoretische Bezugsrahmen aufgezeigt sowie die Forschungshypothesen abgeleitet wurden, werden in den folgenden Abschnitten das Forschungsdesign und die methodischen Grundlagen der empirischen Untersuchung beschrieben.
RetrofittAR: Supporting Hardware-Centered Expertise Sharing in Manufacturing Settings through Augmented Reality
Authors: Hoffmann Sven , Ludwig Thomas , Jasche Florian , Wulf Volker , Randall David
Published: June 2022

Since almost the onset of computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW), the community has been concerned with how expertise sharing can be supported in different settings. Here, the complex handling of machines based on experience and knowledge is increasingly becoming a challenge. In our study, we investigated expertise sharing in a medium-sized manufacturing company in an effort to support the fostering of hardware-based expertise sharing by using augmented reality (AR) to ‘retrofit’ machines. We, therefore, conducted a preliminary empirical study to understand how expertise is shared in practice and what current support is available. Based on the findings, we derived design challenges and implications for the design of AR systems in manufacturing settings. The main challenges, we found, had to do with existing socio-technical infrastructure and the contextual nature of expertise. We implemented a HoloLens application called RetrofittAR that supports learning on the production machine during actual use. We evaluated the system during the company’s actual production process. The results show which data types are necessary to support expertise sharing and how our design supports the retrofitting of old machines. We contribute to the current state of research in two ways. First, we present the knowledge-intensive practice of operating older production machines through novel AR interfaces. Second, we outline how retrofitting measures with new visualisation technologies can support knowledge-intensive production processes.
If You Care About a Rule, Why Weaken Its Enforcement Dimension? On a Tension in the War Convention
Authors: Burri Susanne
Published: June 2022

In War by Agreement (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2019), Yitzhak Benbaji and Daniel Statman argue that the ‘war convention’ – i.e. the international laws and conventions that are widely accepted to govern the use of force between sovereign states – represents a morally binding contract. On their understanding, the war convention replaces a pre-contractual morality governed by principles that so-called reductive individualists have identified and argued for over the past twenty years. This paper argues that if we take Benbaji and Statman’s contractarian interpretation of the war convention seriously, we have to conclude that its in bello rules have moral force only in contexts where its ad bellum rules were breached non-culpably. While Benbaji and Statman do not attend to this limitation of their argument, it has important ramifications in practice, as it is frequently unclear in the context of war whether one’s adversary is acting in good faith.
Localized Delivery of Liquid Fertilizer in Coarse-Textured Soils Using Foam as Carrier
Authors: Shojaei Mohammad Javad , Or Dani , Shokri Nima
Published: June 2022

Agrochemicals and fertilizers are central to modern agriculture and are credited with the large increase of crop yield as a part of the Green Revolution of the 1960’s. Timely and targeted fertilizer application to crop root zones enhances effectiveness and reduces unintended release to the environment. This is particularly important for highly mobile liquid fertilizers (e.g., nitrate) that can be mobilized with infiltrating water to bypass root-bearing soil volumes. We report a novel liquid fertilizer delivery method using foam as carrier. The high degree of control and mechanical stability of liquid fertilizer foam (defined dispersed gas bubbles in a continuous liquid phase) injection into coarse soils (most susceptible to preferential flows) is proposed a novel delivery method to targeted root zone volumes at concentrations and geometry that promote uptake and reduces losses. This note and preliminary communication meant to serve a proof of concept report comparing foam and conventional liquid fertilizer applications. The results indicate that foam-delivery reduced fertilizer leaching thus improving its retention in soil for similar flow conditions of liquid delivery. Theoretical estimates suggest that the effects of fertilizer retention could be enhanced in more localized (3-D) injection of foam fertilizers and other agrochemicals thus enhancing agronomic efficiency and reducing environmental risk of contamination.
The P2 purinoceptors in prostate cancer
Authors: Wang Zilin , Zhu Sha , Tan Sirui , Zeng Yuhao , Zeng Hao
Published: June 2022

P2 purinoceptors are composed of ligand-gated ion channel type (P2X receptor) and G protein-coupled metabolite type (P2Y receptor). Both these receptors have played important roles in the prostate cancer microenvironment in recent years. P2X and P2Y receptors can contribute to prostate cancer’s growth and invasiveness. However, the comprehensive mechanisms have yet to be identified. By summarizing the relevant studies, we believe that P2X and P2Y receptors play a dual role in cancer cell growth depending on the prostate cancer microenvironment and different downstream signalling pathways. We also summarized how different signalling pathways contribute to tumor invasiveness and metastasis through P2X and P2Y receptors, focusing on understanding the specific mechanisms led by P2X4, P2X7, and P2Y2. Statins may reduce and prevent tumor progression through P2X7 so that P2X purinergic receptors may have clinical implications in the management of prostate cancer. Furthermore, P2X7 receptors can aid in the early detection of prostate cancer. We hope that this review will provide new insights for future mechanistic and clinical investigations into the role of P2 purinergic receptors in prostate cancer.
Musikalisch-kulturelle Teilhabe als Prädiktor für allgemeine Lebenszufriedenheit: Sind Persönlichkeitsausprägungen bedeutsam?
Authors: Hasselhorn Johannes , Krupp Valerie , Lin Hsin-Rui , Beisiegel Jacqueline , Kopiez Reinhard
Published: June 2022

Teilhabe an Musikkultur stellt eine zentrale Zieldimension musikpädagogischen Lehrens und Lernens dar. Gleichzeitig werden der musikalisch-kulturellen Teilhabe positive Wirkungen auf die allgemeine Lebenszufriedenheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen zugesprochen. Ausgehend vom Capability Approach wird empirisch geprüft, inwiefern sich die Teilhabe an Musikkultur in formalen und informellen Kontexten auf die domänenspezifische Lebenszufriedenheit in Musik sowie auf die allgemeine subjektive Lebenszufriedenheit auswirken. Zusätzlich werden die Persönlichkeitsmerkmale (Big Five) als Prädiktoren mit einbezogen, da diese als relevant für die Einschätzung der individuellen Lebenszufriedenheit gelten. Es kann gezeigt werden, dass Teilhabe an Musikkultur in formalen (nicht aber informellen) Kontexten die allgemeine subjektive Lebenszufriedenheit nur indirekt über die domänenspezifische Lebenszufriedenheit in Musik positiv beeinflusst. Die Big Five-Persönlichkeitsfaktoren leisten einen zusätzlichen signifikanten Beitrag zur Aufklärung der Varianz allgemeinen und domänenspezifischen Lebenszufriedenheit.
Family responses to resource scarcity
Authors: Hosany A. R. Shaheen , Hamilton Rebecca W.
Published: June 2022

Resource scarcity, manifested through limited time, money or space, is a prevalent aspect of family life. Drawing on depth interviews with 30 families from diverse demographic backgrounds, this study develops a framework to demonstrate how families respond to resource scarcity. Our research examines how multi-dimensional, concurrent and/or consecutive life events, such as job changes, house moves, or childbirth, create a mismatch between available and required resources to trigger situational resource scarcity. We identify different patterns of adjustments in consumption and resource investment over time, based on families’ chronic resources and reliance on support networks. Notably, the greater flexibility afforded by multiple family members is constrained by collective goals, domains of control, tensions and negotiations.
Coherence and path indistinguishability for the interference of multiple single-mode fields
Authors: Das Rathindra Nath , Sounda Sobhan Kumar
Published: June 2022

A well-known result for the interference of two single-mode fields is that the degree of coherence and the degree of indistinguishability are the same when we consider the detection of a single photon. In this article, we present the relation between the degree of coherence, path indistinguishability and the fringe visibility considering interference of multiple numbers of single-mode fields while being interested in the detection of a single photon only. We will also mention how Born’s rule of interference for multiple sources is reflected in these results.
A New Chemistry-Climate Model GRIMs-CCM: Model Evaluation of Interactive Chemistry-Meteorology Simulations
Authors: Lee Seungun , Park Rokjin J. , Hong Song-You , Koo Myung-Seo , Jeong Jaein I. , Yeh Sang-Wook , Son Seok-Woo
Published: June 2022

We describe a new chemistry-climate model, Global/Regional Integrated Model system Chemistry Climate Model (GRIMs-CCM), developed by coupling the chemistry modules of the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model to the GRIMs general circulation model. The GRIMs-CCM is driven by meteorological variables simulated by the GRIMs and uses simulated gas and aerosol concentrations to calculate the radiative transfer equations at each time step. The model is evaluated by comparing ozone and aerosol concentrations with respective observations from the surface networks and the satellite datasets. It is found that the GRIMs-CCM successfully reproduces the observed spatial distributions of annual-mean aerosol optical depth and captures the seasonal and latitudinal variations of total column ozone. The evaluation of simulated aerosols in surface air against the observations reveals that the model reproduces the observed temporal and spatial variations but shows biases in soil dust aerosols. We also estimate the climatic impact of aerosols by conducting two sets of 10-year simulations for the preindustrial and present conditions. The GRIMs-CCM shows the aerosol radiative forcing of − 0.30 W m−2 from the preindustrial to present-day climates, comparable to the values from other climate model intercomparison projects. These results suggest that the GRIMs-CCM is suitable for studying chemistry-climate interactions and their changes over time.
On the measurement and correlates of plate clearing: examining a German version of the Plate Clearing Tendency Scale
Authors: Nill Tina , Meule Adrian
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Plate clearing—eating a meal in its entirety—is common and may be a factor contributing to obesity. For the assessment of individual differences in plate clearing tendencies, Robinson et al. (Obesity 23:301–304, 2015) developed the Plate Clearing Tendency Scale (PCTS). However, little is known about the psychometric properties of this scale and its correlates.

Methods

In the current study, participants (N = 207, 76% female) completed a German translation of the PCTS and other questionnaires online.

Results

A one-factor structure had good model fit and the PCTS had acceptable internal reliability and good test–retest reliability across an average of four and a half weeks. Higher plate clearing tendencies related to more frequent parental encouragement to clear one’s plate in childhood and to stronger food waste concerns but were unrelated to sex, body weight, self-control, and eating behaviors. However, higher plate clearing tendencies related to higher body weight in unsuccessful dieters.

Conclusion

The current study shows that the PCTS has sound psychometric properties and that plate clearing tendencies appear to be largely driven by food waste concerns and not by automatic eating habits or low eating-related self-control. In dieters, however, high plate clearing tendencies may contribute to low dieting success and hinder weight loss.

Level of evidence

No level of evidence, basic science.
Training to Support ePortfolio Users During Clinical Placements: a Scoping Review
Authors: Van Ostaeyen Sofie , Embo Mieke , Schellens Tammy , Valcke Martin
Published: June 2022

ePortfolios are frequently used to support students’ competency development, and teachers’ and clinical mentors’ supervision during clinical placements. User training is considered a critical success factor for the implementation of these ePortfolios. However, there is ambiguity about the design and outcomes of ePortfolio user training. A scoping review was conducted to consolidate evidence from studies describing the design of ePortfolio user training initiatives and their outcomes. The search yielded 1180 articles of which 16 were included in this review. Based on the results, an individual, ongoing training approach which grounds in a fitting theoretical framework is recommended.
Lightweight, package and performance improvements of a shock tower by using steel–aluminium hybrid-casting technique
Authors: Stolz Lorenz , Xu Hongli , Fang Xiangfan
Published: June 2022

In this work, a shock tower of a mid-size vehicle using steel (St)–aluminium (Al) hybrid-casting technology was developed with current shock towers as a benchmark. The use of this hybrid-casting technology, which features a ductile material connection between steel and cast aluminium, makes it possible to combine the design advantages of cast aluminium with the mechanical properties of high-strength steels. Based on this combination, a new shock tower concept was developed that offers advantages over the state of the art in terms of package, weight, stiffness and crash performance. To develop the new shock tower, connection points and package spaces in the periphery of the Honda Accord MY 2011 were analysed and defined. Based on quasi-static misuse load cases and topology optimization, it was possible to develop a load-compliant rib structure for the hybrid-cast shock tower reinforced by steel in the dome area. A so-called tension band for the IIHS small overlap crashworthiness evaluation test (SOL) was also integrated into the new shock tower to ensure homogeneous load distribution. The new shock tower was tested virtually in comparison with the reference steel shock tower and an Al-cast shock tower in quasi-static and dynamic crash load cases. In the quasi-static test, the hybrid-cast shock tower showed significantly increased stiffness. In the dynamic load cases, a significant overall homogenization of force distribution on the existing load paths in die front body structure was achieved. In addition, 5 mm package space for spring and damper could be gained for better driving behaviours of the car.
Anxiety and Anticipated Pain Levels of Women with Self-Reported Penetration-Related Genito-Pelvic Pain are Elevated in Response to Pain-related Images
Authors: Kelly Katie J.M. , Fisher Bonnie L. , Rosen Natalie O. , Hamilton Lisa Dawn
Published: June 2022

Background

Genito-pelvic pain (GPP) affects a sizable minority of women and results of existing treatments can be variable. A method of general pain treatment that has not yet been extended to penetration-related GPP is Explicit Motor Imagery (EMI), which uses pain-related images to help individuals with pain alter their responses to pain, resulting in reduced pain, less pain-related anxiety, and improved function.

Aim

As a first step toward determining if EMI is a feasible method for treating penetration-related GPP, this study examined whether images that potentially signal genital pain are sufficient to induce an anxiety or anticipated pain response in women.

Methods

Participants were 113 women (62 with genital pain, 51 pain-free) recruited to complete an online study. Participants viewed randomized images of women engaging in various activities that potentially cause pain for people with penetration-related GPP (sitting, walking, running, lifting, inserting a tampon, implied penetrative sex, actual penetrative sex, implied gynecological exam, actual gynecological exam). Participants then rated each image on how much anxiety they experienced viewing the picture (viewing anxiety), and how much anxiety (anticipated anxiety) and pain (anticipated pain) they expected to experience doing the activity in the picture.

Outcomes

Outcomes were the self-reported viewing anxiety, anticipated anxiety, and anticipated pain of women with and without self-reported penetration-related GPP in response to the pain-related images.

Results

Women who experienced self-reported penetration-related GPP reported significantly higher levels of viewing anxiety, anticipated anxiety, and anticipated pain in almost all categories of images, compared to women who were free of pain. The key exception was that women with and without self-reported penetration-related GPP reported similar levels of viewing anxiety when looking at images of implied and actual penetrative sex.

Clinical Translation

These results support that pelvic and genital imagery serve as a sufficient stimulus to generate anxiety and anticipated pain in our study sample. EMI, which targets desensitization of heightened anxiety warrants further research as a potential novel treatment option.

Strengths & Limitations

This study was the first to assess responses to a wide array of pain-eliciting images in women with and without self-reported penetration-related GPP. A key limitation was that the pain sample was self-reported and not clinically diagnosed.

Conclusion

Images of pain-related stimuli were sufficient to induce anxiety and anticipated pain in women with self-reported penetration-related GPP. This first step suggests that EMI may be a useful treatment option for women with penetration-related GPP.
An Apology for the Life of Mr Colley Cibber, Comedian and Late Patentee of the Theatre Royal
Authors: Roberts David
Published: June 2022

Colley Cibber was one of the most derided men in eighteenth-century London. Mocked for his work in the theatre and as Poet Laureate, he was nevertheless a prolific actor and playwright, and co-managed the Theatre Royal Drury Lane for 24 years. His response to his critics, An Apology for the Life of Mr Colley Cibber, is often described as the first theatrical autobiography, and even as the first secular autobiography in English. But what kind of text is it – intimate confession or cunning pose? History of the stage or political polemic? Rambling or purposeful? Or perhaps, even, the first celebrity memoir? Including comprehensive notes and a detailed scholarly introduction, this modernised text makes Cibber's enigmatic literary landmark accessible to a wide readership for the first time and allows both specialists and general readers to explore Cibber's extraordinary career against the rich, turbulent background of London theatre in the eighteenth century.
Schopenhauer: On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason and Other Writings
Authors: Schopenhauer Arthur
Published: June 2022

This volume of translations unites three shorter works by Arthur Schopenhauer that expand on themes from his book The World as Will and Representation. In On the Fourfold Root he takes the principle of sufficient reason, which states that nothing is without a reason why it is, and shows how it covers different forms of explanation or ground that previous philosophers have tended to confuse. Schopenhauer regarded this study, which he first wrote as his doctoral dissertation, as an essential preliminary to The World as Will. On Will in Nature examines contemporary scientific findings in search of corroboration of his thesis that processes in nature are all a species of striving towards ends; and On Vision and Colours defends an anti-Newtonian account of colour perception influenced by Goethe's famous colour theory. This is the first English edition to provide extensive editorial notes on the different published versions of these works.
Nightmare Abbey
Authors: Peacock Thomas Love
Published: June 2022

Thomas Love Peacock (1785–1866) is one of the most distinctive prose satirists of the Romantic period. The Cambridge Edition of the Novels of Thomas Love Peacock offers the first complete text of his novels to appear for more than half a century. Nightmare Abbey (1818), Peacock's third novel, is a spirited satire that shows Peacock to be a perceptive observer and engaged critic of the literary and political preoccupations of his time. While the novel has often been characterized in popular culture either as a burlesque of the Gothic novel or a mere spoof of Romantic gloom and doom, this edition recognizes it as a purposeful critique of Romanticism. Explanatory notes illustrate the ways in which several characters are caricatures of prominent Romantic writers, including Peacock's close friend Shelley as well as Coleridge and Byron, and also identify the various sources, some previously unsuspected, from which Peacock created their dialogue.
Clinical utility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays beyond respiratory infections
Authors: Noeldner Haley M. , Bliek Zachary J. , Jones Nephi E. , Prusa Ryan D. , Wilkinson Melissa S. , Bushman Amanda M. , Rosa Rossana
Published: June 2022

We estimated the predictive value of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for blood, bone, and soft-tissue cultures. The specificities were 88.8%, 88.5%, and 92.7% for all cultures, blood cultures, and bone and soft-tissue cultures respectively, and the negative predictive values were 99.3%, 99.8%, and 92.7% respectively.
Effectiveness of umbilical culture for surveillance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care units
Authors: Nakashima Toshinori , Inoue Hirosuke , Sakemi Yoshihiro , Yamashita Hironori
Published: June 2022

To compare the culture sensitivities of MRSA detection, we collected 988 paired umbilical and nasal cultures from screened neonates. MRSA positivity rates were 79.1% from umbilicus and 41.9% from nares (P = .01). The umbilicus was a more useful culture site than the nares for surveillance of MRSA among neonates upon admission.
Generalised quasilinear approximations of turbulent channel flow. Part 2. Spanwise triadic scale interactions
Authors: Hernández Carlos G. , Yang Qiang , Hwang Yongyun
Published: June 2022

Continuing from Part 1 (Hernándezet al.,J. Fluid Mech., vol. 936, 2022, A33), a generalised quasilinear (GQL) approximation is studied in turbulent channel flow using a flow decomposition defined with spanwise Fourier modes: the flow is decomposed into a set of low-wavenumber spanwise Fourier modes and the rest high-wavenumber modes. This decomposition leads to the nonlinear low-wavenumber group that supports the self-sustaining process within the given integral length scales, whereas the linearised high-wavenumber group is not able to do so, unlike the GQL models in Part 1, which place a minimal mathematical description for the self-sustaining process across all integral scales. Despite the important physical difference, it is shown that the GQL models in this study share some similarities with those in Part 1, i.e. the reduced multi-scale behaviour and anisotropic turbulent fluctuations. Furthermore, despite not being able to support the self-sustaining process in the high-wavenumber group, the GQL models in the present study are found to reproduce some key statistical features in the high-wavenumber group solely through the ‘scattering’ mechanism proposed by previous studies. Finally, using the nature of the GQL approximation, a further set of numerical experiments suppressing certain triadic nonlinear interactions are carried out. This unveils some key roles played by certain types of triadic interactions, including energy cascade and inverse energy transfer in the near-wall region. In particular, the inhibition of inverse energy transfer in the spanwise direction leads to suppression of the near-wall positive turbulent transport at large scales.
MAKER–BREAKER GAMES ON AND
Authors: BOWLER NATHAN , GUT FLORIAN , JOÓ ATTILA , PITZ MAX
Published: June 2022

We investigate Maker–Breaker games on graphs of size
$\aleph _1$
in which Maker’s goal is to build a copy of the host graph. We establish a firm dependence of the outcome of the game on the axiomatic framework. Relating to this, we prove that there is a winning strategy for Maker in the
$K_{\omega ,\omega _1}$
-game under ZFC+MA+
$\neg $
CH and a winning strategy for Breaker under ZFC+CH. We prove a similar result for the
$K_{\omega _1}$
-game. Here, Maker has a winning strategy under ZF+DC+AD, while Breaker has one under ZFC+CH again.
Non-thermal particle acceleration from maximum entropy in collisionless plasmas
Authors: Zhdankin Vladimir
Published: June 2022

Dissipative processes cause collisionless plasmas in many systems to develop non-thermal particle distributions with broad power-law tails. The prevalence of power-law energy distributions in space/astrophysical observations and kinetic simulations of systems with a variety of acceleration and trapping (or escape) mechanisms poses a deep mystery. We consider the possibility that such distributions can be modelled from maximum-entropy principles, when accounting for generalizations beyond the Boltzmann–Gibbs entropy. Using a dimensional representation of entropy (related to the Renyi and Tsallis entropies), we derive generalized maximum-entropy distributions with a power-law tail determined by the characteristic energy scale at which irreversible dissipation occurs. By assuming that particles are typically energized by an amount comparable to the free energy (per particle) before equilibrating, we derive a formula for the power-law index as a function of plasma parameters for magnetic dissipation in systems with sufficiently complex topologies. The model reproduces several results from kinetic simulations of relativistic turbulence and magnetic reconnection.
Artificial fine-tuning tasks for yes/no question answering
Authors: Dimitriadis Dimitris , Tsoumakas Grigorios
Published: June 2022

Current research in yes/no question answering (QA) focuses on transfer learning techniques and transformer-based models. Models trained on large corpora are fine-tuned on tasks similar to yes/no QA, and then the captured knowledge is transferred for solving the yes/no QA task. Most previous studies use existing similar tasks, such as natural language inference or extractive QA, for the fine-tuning step. This paper follows a different perspective, hypothesizing that an artificial yes/no task can transfer useful knowledge for improving the performance of yes/no QA. We introduce three such tasks for this purpose, by adapting three corresponding existing tasks: candidate answer validation, sentiment classification, and lexical simplification. Furthermore, we experimented with three different variations of the BERT model (BERT base, RoBERTa, and ALBERT). The results show that our hypothesis holds true for all artificial tasks, despite the small size of the corresponding datasets that are used for the fine-tuning process, the differences between these tasks, the decisions that we made to adapt the original ones, and the tasks’ simplicity. This gives an alternative perspective on how to deal with the yes/no QA problem, that is more creative, and at the same time more flexible, as it can exploit multiple other existing tasks and corresponding datasets to improve yes/no QA models.
The High‐Latitude Dawn‐Dusk Asymmetry of Ionospheric Plasma Distribution in the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Wang Jianping , Zhang Beichen , Huang Chunming , Liu Ruiyuan , Yang Shenggao , Huang Yanshi , Hu Hongqiao , Yang Huigen
Published: June 2022

The high‐latitude dawn‐dusk asymmetrical distribution of the Mean Total Electron Content (MTEC) in the northern hemisphere was statistically investigated using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) vertical TEC data in 2014. In the geomagnetic latitude (MLAT)/geomagnetic local time (MLT) coordinate system, the local time of 0 hr ≤ MLT < 12 hr is defined as the dawn, and 12 hr ≤ MLT < 24 hr is defined as the dusk at MLAT is greater than 70°. The sunlit high‐density plasma at lower latitudes in the postnoon sector is the primary source of the asymmetrical MTEC distribution that the duskside MTEC is larger than the dawnside. Except for summer, the diurnal variations of the dusk‐dawn difference (DMTEC) and dusk‐dawn ratio (DDR) have two peaks and two valleys. The DMTEC and DDR also have significant seasonal variation, which is the greatest in spring (2.9TECu and 22.2%) and the smallest in summer (1.0TECu and 9.2%). The DMTEC and DDR depend significantly on the Kp index and the direction of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). Except for the DMTEC in spring, the DMTEC and DDR are larger during disturbed times than during quiet times. Except for IMF Bz > 0 in summer, the DMTEC and DDR are larger when IMF By < 0 than those when IMF By > 0, especially in spring and winter.