bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beyond Happy Families: A Critical Reevaluation of the Control-Resistance-Identity Triangle
Authors: Gabriel Yiannis
Published: June 2007

In this article, the author explores the nature of contemporary organizational controls, the extent to which they can be said to colonize employee subjectivity, and the types of resistance which they generate. Labor process, psychoanalytic, critical theory, and Foucauldian perspectives are juxtaposed and a number of similarities and divergences are noted. It is argued that many of these perspectives prematurely lament the end of employee recalcitrance and exaggerate the magnitude and totality of organizational controls, generating over-managed and overcontrolled images of individuals, organizations, and societies. It is proposed that a rapprochement of psychoanalytic and labor theory approaches can lead to an appreciation of unmanaged and unmanageable terrains in organizations, in which human agency may be rediscovered, neither as a class-conscious proletariat nor as a transcendental subject, but as a struggling, feeling, thinking, suffering subject, one capable of obeying and disobeying, controlling and being controlled, losing control and escaping control, defining and redefining control for itself and for others.
A Case Against Making the Control of Clients a Negotiable Contingency for Interdisciplinary Teams
Authors: Teram Eli
Published: June 2007

Most discussions of interdisciplinary teams assume that cross-functional teams are desirable. Critical analyses of the fundamental contradictions inherent in bringing together professionals with diverse ideologies, interests, contingencies, and technologies are rare. Even less common are discussions of the negative consequences of these contradictions for clients. Based on observations in an institution for youth-in-trouble, this paper argues that the control of clients is one key process underlying conflicts and dilemmas in interdisciplinary teams; it builds a case against making the control of clients a negotiable contingency for teams. Given the universal nature of control mechanisms, those most directly responsible for control have a superior bargaining position because, in order to be effective, their control routines must be consistent Although these workers may yield to other treatment ideologies regarding particular clients, the overall outcome is the enhancement of their interests. Moreover, the outcome of negotiations may generate confusion for clients because of inconsistencies in the application of control mechanisms. Three strategies to minimize interprofessional negotiations regarding the control of clients are discussed: the formulation of clear boundaries between those responsible for control and those who are not; the establishment of policies to address conflicts between control and competing treatments; and, client determination of differential levels of interprofessional coordination and cooperation.
The Role of Law in the Rule of Economics: A Critical Study of Ghana’s Labor Laws
Authors: Visano L. A. , Bastine N. Adete
Published: June 2007

Adopting a critical theory framework, this paper is especially concerned with linking the economics, law, and politics and their concomitant mediations/interconnections and contradictions. Specifically, the purposes of this paper are to: (a) analyze historically how law has been pliant to the needs of powerful interests or influences by unmasking the disciplinary nature of Ghanian labor laws. The historical origins and transformations of labor relations were not only the deliberate ambiguities of sanctions but also the conflicts waged by the state to secure the respective interests of the privileged; and, (b) specify the conditions under which labor was not free from domination. The conception of the labor-law nexus was based on struggle. The normative foundations that constitute the construction of labor, political, and economic relations contextualizes how social practices reproduce dominant forms of inequality, law, class, and social control. Consistent with critical theory, this paper upholds the significance of historical knowledge for social criticism and political change. Historical analysis enables us to grasp continuities and discontinuities with the past and to develop resources to change. This study demonstrates that law is not shaped by moral consensus but by the relative power of groups who use scarce resources to impose their economic preferences. Both legitimacy and coercion are persuasively achieved through law, economics, culture, and politics—the foundations of Ghana’s post-colonial developments.
Africa and America in an Age of Terror
Authors: Adebajo Adekeye
Published: June 2007

This essay is an investigation of the United States’ policy toward Africa, and Africa’s place in America’s “war on terrorism.” In the firm belief that one cannot understand current U.S. policy toward Africa without providing a historical context, the essay starts by briefly assessing the destructive effects of American policies on Africa during the era of the Cold War. It then analyzes post-Cold War U.S. policy toward Africa under the administration of president Bill Clinton between 1993 and 2000, arguing that, despite the administration’s rhetorical support for democracy in Africa, this policy was often marked by political inconsistency, cynical opportunism, and willful neglect, as dramatized most vividly by support for non-democratic leaders and policy debacles in Somalia and Rwanda. Clinton’s trade policy, however, produced some results in efforts to increase trade with Africa. We also assess the Africa policy of the current U.S. president, George W. Bush Jr., placing our analysis within the global context of the “war on terrorism” and the recent American invasion and occupation of Iraq. We focus particularly on African reactions to these events, and also assess the policy battles and views of some of the senior officials within the Bush administration on Africa-related issues. The essay concludes by offering some policy recommendations for a more enlightened U.S. policy toward Africa.
Building Peace Through Accountability in Sierra Leone: The Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Special Court
Authors: Lamin Abdul Rahman
Published: June 2007

This paper analyzes the impact of two accountability mechanisms in Sierra Leone—the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) and the Special Court—on peacebuilding and democratization in the Mano River Union (MRU) sub-region of Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Guinea. It traces the origins; outlines the main features and structures of the two institutions; explores the relationship between the two bodies; and compares them to similar transitional mechanisms in post-Apartheid South Africa and post-genocide Rwanda. I argue that attempts to link immunity from war crimes prosecution for former Liberian president, Charles Taylor, to future stability in that country are completely misplaced and bound to produce long-term negative consequences. The Nigerian government’s offer of political asylum to Taylor, and attempts to pressure the Special Court to lift his indictment threatens to undermine peace in the sub-region. Furthermore, it sends a terrible message about the sub-region’s commitment to justice. The paper argues that accountability for crimes committed during more than a decade of conflict is an essential first step toward ensuring long-term peace in the sub-region. To achieve lasting peace and democratization, I conclude that a regional approach is urgently needed to resolve the sub-region’s interconnected conflicts. The search for a permanent solution to the Liberian conflict in particular should be linked to political developments in the wider region.
Three Visions of Chinese Political Reform
Authors: Dittmer Lowell
Published: June 2007

The central argument of this paper is that while political reform has remained a focal preoccupation of China’s leadership, no unified vision of either the goal culture or the transfer culture of reform has yet emerged. Instead, there are at least three more or less clearly articulated visions of political reform currently in play. The first is the developmental perspective, according to which political reform is defined as whatever is most appropriate for rapid economic growth. The second vision is one of institutionalized personalism, according to which the informal sector will become normatively integrated and ultimately formalized, a source of innovation and no longer a threat to the established political order. The third vision, the percolation model, foresees the dissemination of successful local experiments as the appropriate engine of reform, a more open public realm as its goal culture. Each of these visions, though not necessarily incompatible, harnesses different grievances, satisfies different interests, and appeals to different constituencies.
The Sixteenth Party Congress and Cross-Strait Policy: Old Wine in Old Bottles?
Authors: Goldstein Steven
Published: June 2007

The Sixteenth National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party marked the start of the transition from Jiang Zemin, representing the third generation of Chinese leaders, to Hu Jintao of the fourth generation. This paper begins with an assessment of the major changes in cross-strait relations that took place over the course of Jiang’s tenure; mainland policy that evolved in response to these changes; and the elements of that policy that were affirmed and established as the basis for future policy at the Sixteenth Congress. This is followed by an examination of the post-Congress policy implementation as well as a discussion of the possible future directions of mainland policy toward Taiwan. It argues that although developments in both cross-strait and Sino-American relations have resulted in some indications of greater flexibility, the fundamental elements of Beijing’s policy have not changed dramatically.
Evaluating Textual Coherence: A Case Study of University Business Writing by Efl and Native English-Speaking Students in New Zealand
Authors: Rogers Sandra H.
Published: June 2007

Writing research has long attempted to define and assess coherence in written prose; however the researchers have often ignored or inadequately met the needs of writing students who require a simple definition of coherence that they can use to revise their own prose. One exception is Joseph Williams, author of Style: Ten Lessons in Clarity and Grace (Williams 2000), who assures students that their writing will be considered coherent if they follow his two simple principles. While anecdotal evidence suggests he is correct, until now there has been no empirical evidence to validate or refute his claim. The present study develops a method to analyze written discourse according to Joseph Williams’ two principles of coherence, and uses the resulting data to determine whether there is any correlation between coherence and overall writing quality in academic essays. Analysis of essays by EFL and native-speaking students reveals a negative correlation between what Williams believes to be the appropriate placement of topics and overall writing quality, but a strong correlation between topic continuity and quality.1
Feedback and Uptake in Teacher-Student Interaction: An Analysis of 18 English Lessons in Hong Kong Secondary Classrooms
Authors: Tsang Wai King
Published: June 2007

This paper analyzes 18 non-native English lessons on teacher feedback and learner uptake at secondary levels in Hong Kong across Forms 1 to 5 (equivalent to Grades 7 to 11) and different types of lessons (Reading, Writing, Speaking, General English). 945 minutes of lessons were transcribed and analyzed. Results show: (1) Recast and explicit correction were the most frequent types of feedback; (2) none of the student-generated repairs resulted from recast or explicit correction, and the most frequent student-generated repair followed repetition; (3) most grammatical repairs followed from negotiation; and phonological repairs followed equally frequently from recast and explicit correction. There are two implications. First, recast may give way to other types of feedback moves (elicitation, clarification request, metalinguistic feedback, repetition), which may be more effective than the provision of correct forms. Second, while recast and explicit correction are more appropriate for phonological errors, negotiation facilitates grammatical repairs.
On the Genesis and Transformations of Social Compass
Authors: Mejido Manuel J.
Published: June 2007

The author reconstructs the four moments that have constituted Social Compass's history. As the publication of the Dutch Catholic Social-Ecclesiastical Institute, the journal was initially dedicated to the dissemination of a sociography of Catholicism. Then, under the direction of the International Federation of Institutes for Social and Socio-Religious Research, Social Compass contributed to the production of a sociology of Catholicism. From here, attached to the Centre of Socio-Religious Research of the Catholic University of Louvain, Social Compass emerged as a professional, scholarly journalfor the sociology of religion. And, for over a decade now, the journal has been attempting to negotiate the postmodern condition.
Challenges for the Sociology of Religion in Asia
Authors: Lang Graeme
Published: June 2007

The sociology of religion is globalizing hesitantly, but still gives little attention to Asia. We need to extend our current debates and our best concepts to Asian societies. The many challenging phenomena include the resurgence of religions, debates and struggles over the political role of religion, the variety of religionstate interactions, and the impact of power on religions and theologies. For such questions, Asia is much more diverse than Europe and North America, and we should not shrink from trying to enhance our collective empirical and theoretical competence through study of Asian cases. We need to globalize more deliberately and here some possible suggestions are offered.
Developing the Selectionist Paradigm in Sociology
Authors: Chattoe Edmund
Published: June 2007

This paper clarifies and develops some of the arguments put forward by W.G. Runciman in his 1998 Sociology article ‘The Selectionist Paradigm and Its Implications for Sociology’. It intends to support his basic claim that mechanisms analogous to (but not synonymous with) natural selection are an important way of understanding both continuity and change in social systems. Nonetheless, it questions the emphasis of his discussion and extends his analysis of two substantive points. The argument proceeds in two stages. The paper begins by examining the many objections that Runciman rebuts and showing that many of them do not need rebuttal but are simply irrelevant to the selectionist paradigm. By irrelevant, I mean that the objections are logically flawed or simply do not apply to the selectionist paradigm as Runciman defines it. The purpose of this part of the paper is to sharpen the debate, so that attention can subsequently be focused on a smaller number of relevant objections that remain. The remainder of the paper attempts to open that debate by discussing the two relevant objections that appear most forceful. It attempts to show that, on closer examination, both objections are mistaken. The first objection is that human deliberation makes any analogy with random mutation in biology untenable. The paper argues that in fact selection and deliberation are complementary. Selection will continue to act on social practices to the extent that our models of the world are imperfect and our practices have unintended consequences. The second objection is that while selectionism is interesting, it may be irrelevant to sociological practice. The last part of the paper provides a more detailed analysis of an example used by Runciman, the task of explaining differing levels of male lethal violence across societies. This analysis suggests that while Runciman’s ‘discursive’ selectionist analysis (like functionalism) can generate suggestive hypotheses, appropriate techniques will be needed to transform those hypotheses into models which sociological research can ultimately test. It is argued that multi-agent computer simulation is a particularly suitable technique for representing evolutionary processes in social systems thus allowing selectionism to be put on the same sort of footing as other ‘middle range’ explanations like game theory and social network analysis.
What is Segregation?
Authors: Gorard Stephen , Taylor Chris
Published: June 2007

Measures of inequality form the backdrop to a variety of sociological investigations, allowing the description of gaps in opportunity by occupational class, gender or ethnicity, for example, and of trends in these differences over time and place. These preliminary descriptive patterns can then be explored in more detail to uncover their socio-economic determinants, leading to the reduction of inequality. However, it has become clear from the ‘index wars’ dating back to at least the 1930s that measuring inequality is not a simple issue. To some extent the results obtained in an investigation and, therefore, the definition of further problems to be explored, are dependent on the precise nature of the measures used. This paper concentrates on measures of segregation. It considers a number of the methods available to the analyst concerned with the patterns of spread of socio-economic disadvantage between institutions. It focuses on measures of evenness and exposure, rehearsing the relative advantages of each approach and showing how closely related they are in practice. It introduces for the first time the notions of strong and weak compositional invariance, showing that some common indices of segregation, such as the dissimilarity index, display only weak compositional invariance. It therefore advocates the use instead, in appropriate circumstances, of the precise exchange proportion, termed here the ‘segregation index’. This has been developed and used successfully in our long-term study of the changing socio-economic composition of schools in the UK.
Desiring Desire
Authors: O’Shea Anthony
Published: June 2007

This paper will consider three major conceptions of desire and how they relate to the human condition. For many desire is conceived either as lack, a ‘desire-for’, or as some affirmative force that enables us to ‘reach beyond ourselves’.This is desire reduced to a dualism in order to negate one pole in favour of the other. Georges Bataille offers a third way, where the two form a complex dialectic such that desire is both lack and affirmation. His theory demonstrates how desire reveals the sacred as a transcendental immanence rather than psychic ideal and where the profane follows rather than precedes the sacred. His desire is one that conceptualizes us as humans that occasionally catch glimpses of the sacred but these glimpses are insufficient to have and to hold it. For Bataille we cannot become God, we cannot have the sacred because we are human, all too human.
Audience Participation in Political Discourse
Authors: Llewellyn Nick
Published: June 2007

This article describes rhetorical and sequential resources used by audiences as they participate in political discourse.The data are recordings of Area Assemblies held in North London between 2001 and 2003.The research contributes to studies of political discourse, by describing the fine interactional organization of the seemingly ‘unruly’ scenes that arise when councillors and officers confront large numbers of angry residents.
Variable vs. Categorical Effects
Authors: Hoffmann Thomas
Published: June 2007

Whereas some scholars have tried to show that preposition pied piping is virtually obligatory with WH-relativizers in standard present-day British English relative clauses (RCs), others have stressed that preposition pied piping and stranding are both viable options. Researchers who assume a choice between the two options claim that factors such as the syntactic function of the prepositional phrase (PP) or the level of formality restrict the stranding-pied piping alternation. To test the actual influence of the various proposed factors, a GOLDVARB analysis was carried out on data extracted from the British Component of the International Corpus of English. As the results show, pied piping is by far the more frequent variant in written and spoken English, but the syntactic function of the PP, the level of formality, the type of phrase in which the PP is contained, and the restrictiveness of the entire RC have significant effects on the placement of the preposition.
Safety and Tolerance of Methylnaltrexone in Healthy Humans: A Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled, Intravenous, Ascending‐Dose, Pharmacokinetic Study
Authors: Foss Joseph F. , O'Connor Michael F. , Yuan Chun‐Su , Murphy Michael , Moss Jonathan , Roizen Michael F.
Published: June 2007

N‐methylnaltrexone bromide (methylnaltrexone) is a quaternary opioid antagonist with a limited ability to cross the blood—brain barrier. In animal models it reverses at peripheral receptors such side effects of opioids as decreased gastrointestinal motility, emesis, and cough suppression without affecting the desired analgesic effect mediated by central nervous system receptors. Methylnaltrexone thus may be a clinically useful compound for the prevention and treatment of opioid‐induced side effects. This study was designed to examine the safety and tolerance of methylnaltrexone in healthy human participants over a range of doses and to identify any adverse effects or toxicity associated with methylnaltrexone and the doses at which these adverse effects occur. Healthy male volunteers received intravenous methylnaltrexone in six ascending doses with a placebo randomly inserted into the sequence. Each participant was observed for subjective and hemodynamic changes. Electrocardiogram and laboratory studies were also performed. The dose‐limiting adverse effect of methylnaltrexone was orthostatic hypotension at 0.64 mg/kg (n = 3) or 1.25 mg/kg (n = 5), which was transient and self‐limiting. Plasma levels of methylnaltrexone in excess of 1,400 ng/mL were observed to be associated with orthostatic hypotension. There were no significant subjective changes, no release of histamine, and no changes in physical examination or laboratory studies during the course of the study. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed an elimination half‐life of 117.5 minutes (±53.2), and a clearance of 38.8 L/hr (±17.4) with a methylnaltrexone dose of 0.64 mg/kg. Our results indicate that methylnaltrexone is well tolerated at doses of 0.32 mg/kg in healthy humans.
Perindopril/Hydrochlorothiazide Dose Combinations for the Treatment of Hypertension: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Chrysant Steven G.
Published: June 2007

The primary goal of combination therapy is to enhance efficacy without compromising safety. In this multicenter study, the efficacy and tolerability of perindopril added to continuing hydrochlorothiazide therapy were evaluated in patients with mild to moderate (stage I and II), essential hypertension. Two hundred fifty‐two patients with supine diastolic blood pressure of 95 mmHg to 114 mmHg were treated for 4 weeks with open‐label hydrochlorothiazide at 25 mg/day. The 208 patients whose supine diastolic blood pressure was ≥90 mmHg at the end of hydrochlorothiazide monotherapy entered a 12‐week, double‐blind treatment, where placebo or perindopril were added to the 25‐mg/day hydrochlorothiazide therapy as follows: placebo (n = 50) and doses of perindopril at 2 mg/day (n = 52), 4 mg/day (n = 53), and 8 mg/day (n = 53). The perindopril—hydrochlorothiazide combinations decreased both supine systolic blood pressure and supine diastolic blood pressure by 10.3/6.7, 9.6/8.0, and 9.3/6.3 mmHg, for perindopril doses of 2, 4, and 8 mg/day, respectively; there was no difference among the three drug groups. Placebo decreased blood pressure by 1.6/2.0 mmHg, an effect that was significantly lower compared with perindopril—hydrochlorothiazide combinations. Adverse events were mild and similar among all treatment groups, except cough, which was 4.0%, 3.9%, 7.6%, and 13.2% for placebo and perindopril doses of 2, 4, and 8 mg, respectively. The results of this multicenter study indicate that the combination of perindopril and hydrochlorothiazide is safe and effective in lowering blood pressure. The findings also demonstrate that lower doses of perindopril are as effective as higher doses when combined with hydrochlorothiazide.
Safety and Efficacy of Monotherapy with Fantofarone, a Novel Calcium Channel Antagonist, in Patients with Chronic Stable Angina Pectoris
Authors: Glasser Stephen P. , Singh Steven N. , Humen Dennis P. ,   For the Fantofarone Study Group
Published: June 2007

Fantofarone is a calcium channel antagonist of a class (sulfone indolizine) that is structurally different from the existing classes. The primary cardiac action of fantofarone is on the sinus node, although it is also a potent peripheral and coronary vasodilator. This is a multicenter, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, dose‐ranging study evaluating the efficacy and safety of fantofarone. Three hundred and thirty patients were included as intent‐to‐treat, and 299 patients completed the entire protocol. Doses of fantofarone studied were 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg twice daily. The 100‐ and 150‐mg groups demonstrated antianginal activity, prolonging exercise time walking on a treadmill by 38 and 45 seconds to the endpoint of moderate angina, compared with the placebo group. Sinus bradycardia occurred in 23 patients and was somewhat dose‐related. Systolic blood pressure at rest and while exercising was not altered by therapy. No deaths occurred in the treated group. Of the 20 patients in the treatment group who did not complete the protocol (compared with 23 in the placebo group) 6 were dropped because of symptomatic bradycardia, 5 because of increased angina, and 9 for miscellaneous reasons. In doses of 100 mg to 150 mg twice daily, monotherapy fantofarone was effective and safe in the treatment of patients with chronic, stable angina pectoris.
Alterations in Pharmacodynamics of Anxiolytics in Abstinent Alcoholic Men: Subjective Responses, Abuse Liability, and Electroencephalographic Effects of Alprazolam, Diazepam, and Buspirone
Authors: Ciraulo Domenic A. , Barnhill Jamie G. , Ciraulo Ann Marie , Sarid‐Segal Ofra , Knapp Clifford , Greenblatt David J. , Shader Richard I.
Published: June 2007

Subjective responses, including those associated with abuse liability and changes in frontal electroencephalographic activity, were assessed in abstinent alcoholic men and control subjects after administration of alprazolam, diazepam, buspirone, and placebo. Plasma concentrations of alprazolam, diazepam, and desmethyldiazepam also were determined. Abuse liability scales were elevated for alcoholic participants above control levels after alprazolam and diazepam. Areas under the concentration—time curve differed only for desmethyldiazepam, which was lower for the alcoholic participants. Compared with control subjects, alcoholic participants had greater declines in the absolute power of the alpha band after diazepam challenge. Alcoholic participants, unlike control subjects, had areas under the effect—time curve for alpha and theta bands that were lower after administration of alprazolam or diazepam than they were after receiving placebo. These results suggest that alprazolam and diazepam are more likely to be abused by alcoholic men than by nonalcoholic men and that alcoholic men have enhanced sensitivity to the effects of benzodiazepines on alpha and theta activity.
Gender Differences in Adverse Drug Reactions
Authors: Tran Chau , Knowles Sandra R. , Liu Barbara A. , Shear Neil H.
Published: June 2007

The objective of this study is to identify gender‐related differences in the types of symptoms and drugs reported to cause an adverse drug reaction. Patient data from the Sunnybrook Health Science Centre ADR Clinic for the period from April 1986 to May 1996 were reviewed. Of the 2,367 patients assessed, 74.1% were female. The mean age of the patients was 43 ± 17 years. Drug classes most frequently reported to elicit an adverse event were general antiinfectives (60.4%), nervous system agents (21.5%), and musculoskeletal agents (3.7%). Skin‐related reactions accounted for 49.0% of all reported adverse drug reactions. More than one agent was reported to be responsible for the adverse drug reaction(s) in 50% of the female patients, versus 33.1% of all male patients. Of the female patients, 47.6% were referred for skin or oral challenge testing, versus 41.6% of the male patients. Of the female patients, 6.2% tested positive to the agent compared with 6.1% of all male patients. These results support previous findings that female gender is a risk factor for the development of adverse drug reactions. Further work is required to elucidate the mechanisms explaining the differences observed between male and female patients.
Career Stages of Community College Faculty: A Qualitative Analysis of their Career Paths, Roles, and Development
Authors: Fugate Amy L. , Amey Marilyn J.
Published: June 2007

Twenty-two faculty at a Midwestern community college were interviewed to elicit their perceptions of their career paths, their early-stage career roles, and the role played by faculty development in their early careers. Based on the interview data, the majority did not foresee their career path and chose the community college because of its emphasis on teaching. Participants indicated that their career roles changed over time from an emphasis totally on teaching to one that included supplemental activities and that research was encouraged in their work. Many perceived faculty development activities as having a significant impact on their careers. The authors make recommendations for faculty recruitment, retention, and development.
Community College Faculty Recruitment: Predictiors of Applicant Attraction to Faculty Positions
Authors: Winter Paul A. , Kjorlien Chad L.
Published: June 2007

Each of 176 MBA program students provided biographical data and rated his or her reactions to one of four different simulated position ads for a community college business faculty position. Ads varied based on job location within a state (relocation required or not required) and recruiter background (like or unlike the participant's). Stepwise multiple regression of the data revealed four significant predictors of participants' ratings of simulated positions: applicant's current job satisfaction, spouse's contribution to household income, recruiter's background, and job location. The authors make recommendations for faculty recruitment at community colleges based on the findings.
Are We Marginalized within Academe? Perceptions of Two-Year College Faculty
Authors: Townsend Barbara K. , LaPaglia Nancy
Published: June 2007

A sample of 311 faculty at seven community colleges completed survey questions that elicited their ratings of statements about four-year faculty attitudes toward two-year college faculty and about their own perceptions of their status within academe. Respondents with prior full-time faculty experience at a four-year institution were more likely to agree than those without such experience that four-year faculty consider two-year faculty to be on the margins of higher education. Neither group considered themselves to be in a marginal position. The authors discuss the implications of the data and make recommendations for future research.
ERIC Review: Issues in Global Education Initiatives in the Community College
Authors: Zeszotarski Paula
Published: June 2007

This review of literature examines the impact of globablization on the community college missions and the expected competencies that students should acquire from a community college education. In the late 1990s, many community colleges began incorporating an awareness of globalization into strategic planning and curriculum planning initiatives. The author presents a list of accepted competencies for the "globally competent learner," and suggests additional competencies, which include a focus on the importance of intersection of language and culture, an understanding of the interconnectedness of the economy and the environment, and the development of a critical approach to media and communications. Finally, the author explores the link between multiculturalism and globalization as concepts that have been considered for integration into the community college curriculum and mission during the past decade.
Concurrent-Use Campuses: Part of the New Definition of Access
Authors: Windham Patricia , Perkins George R. , Rogers Jon
Published: June 2007

As the national and state economies move from the industrial to the information age, the need for individuals with baccalaureates is increasing. Preparation and geographical access to postsecondary education are important components of meeting this need. Concurrent-use facilities address both issues. By having both twoand four-year institutions share a facility, students are able to complete their lower division requirements in a community college setting including any needed remedidation. Associate in Arts graduates can then transfer to a university for the final two years without having to change geographical locations. This paper provides information from one state that is using this type of delivery system to enhance access to baccalaureate education.
The Legislative Evolution of Performance Funding in the North Carolina Community College System
Authors: Harbour Cliford P.
Published: June 2007

This article reports on an analysis and interpretation of the legislative evolution of the North Carolina community college performance funding program. Analysis of appropriation bills, government documents, and consultants' reports demonstrates that the program evolved from community college accountability initiatives, a funding study, and a state government performance audit.
Using Segmentation Modeling to Predict Graduation at a Two-Year Technical College
Authors: Hyers Albert D. , Zimmerman Allen
Published: June 2007

This article reports the results of a longitudinal study of graduation rates at a two-year technical college where students enroll in an Associate of Applied Science terminal-degree program. The predictive ability of segmentation modeling in this study is as effective as logistic regression. However, its ability to identify discrete subgroups based on multiple independent variables is a distinct advantage over regression techniques. In addition, nonlinear relationships are easily apparent.
The Location of Developmental Education in Community Colleges: A Discussion of the Merits of Mainstreaming vs. Centralization
Authors: Perin Dolores
Published: June 2007

This study compares mainstreaming and centralizaton, two ways in which community colleges organize developmental education. Based on previous literature, the two models are compared in terms of instructional quality, ancillary services, teacher characteristics, student reactions, and reputation of remediation. Pending empirical evidence for the superiority of one model to another, recommendations are offered to college administrators and state policy makers for maximizing the effectiveness of each one.
Mission Priorities of Community Colleges in the Southern United States
Authors: Ayers David F.
Published: June 2007

Executive-level administrators must provide strategic leadership of the institutional mission if their community colleges are to adapt and respond to learner needs in a rapidly changing environment. Through a content analysis of mission statements from 102 community colleges in the United States, this study reveals 7 salient themes regarding the mission priorities of contemporary community colleges in the southern United States. Confidence intervals indicate the probable proportions of community college mission statements reflecting each salient theme.
ERIC Review: Learning Communities at the Community College
Authors: Minkler James E.
Published: June 2007

This review of literature focuses on learning communities-the deliberate restructuring of curriculum in order to build a community of learners among students and faculty. LCs are discussed in relation to the community college mission, faculty, and students. Existing programs are also discussed along with suggestions for implementation.
Demographic Risk Factors, Study Patterns, and Campus Involvement as Related to Student Success Among Guilford Technical Community College Students
Authors: Schmid Carol , Abell Patricia
Published: June 2007

The educational literature suggests that certain demographic characteristics are more likely to put community college students at risk of not attaining a degree or program completion than their four-year public college counterparts. This study examines the prevalence of demographic risk factors of students attending Guilford Technical Community College as well as two other factors related to student success: study patterns and student involvement. The study compares these factors across three different groups of students: current students, graduates, and students who had recently left the institution prior to completion.
ERIC Review: Understanding the Relationships Between Proprietary Schools and Community Colleges: Findings from Recent Literature
Authors: Outcalt Charles L. , Schirmer James E.
Published: June 2007

This review explores the recent literature on proprietary schools. It examines the characteristics of proprietary schools and the distinctions between proprietary schools and community colleges. The authors close by posing the questions of whether proprietary schools are converging with community colleges and whether proprietary schools are a threat to community colleges. The study concludes that proprietary schools and community colleges have individual strengths that make each institution appealing to different segments of the student population. More research is urged to explore the possibility of future collaboration between proprietary schools and community colleges.
A Case Study of Select llinois Community College Board Chair Perspectives on Their Leadership Role
Authors: Donahue John
Published: June 2007

The leadership perspectives of three community college board chairs were examined in a multiple-case study. Qualitative data were collected and analyzed. The themes of facilitation, communication, information, participation, expectation, and collaboration emerged from the data. The author summarizes the chairs' perspectives and offers a guide to board chair leadership.
Building a System of Autonomous Institutions: Coordinaton and Collaboration in British Columbia's Community College, University College, and Institute system
Authors: Gaber Devron A.
Published: June 2007

This study explores the historical development of British Columbia's community college, university college, and institute system with the focus on voluntary collaboration in relation to provincial coordination and on swings between centralization and decentralization. The study examines developments in British Columbia's post-secondary system in light of developments in the broader North American context.
Editor's Choice: Becoming Student Centered Via the One-Stop Shop Initiative: A Case Study of Onondaga Community College
Authors: Walters Evon Washington
Published: June 2007

The article provides a blueprint of how a mid-sized community college in the midst of coping with increasing enrollment and scarce resources was able to improve dramatically its services to new enrolling students via the One-Stop Shop Initiative. The article will introduce the theoretical framework and its practical use within the community college setting.
Gender Differences in the Preparation and Promotion of Community College Administrators
Authors: VanDerLinden Kim E.
Published: June 2007

This study addresses the career advancement of community college administrators, with particular attention to the relationships between gender, human capital, and promotion. The findings indicate that both women and men administrators made similar investments in human capital and were equally likely to be promoted during a two-year period. Institutional and individual implications of the findings are discussed.
Understanding Students' Parental Education Beyond First-Generation Status
Authors: Lee Jenny J. , Sax Linda J. , Kim Karen A. , Hagedorn Linda S.
Published: June 2007

The goal of this study is to explore and compare the experiences and views that community college students face across multiple levels of parental education. The findings demonstrate significant differences across five different parental education levels, arguing that future research ought to expand current notions of parental education beyond a binary comparison (having a college educated parent or not).
Looking for Signs of Community College Arts and Sciences Faculty Professionalization in Searches: An Alternative Approach to a Vexing Question
Authors: Twombly Susan B.
Published: June 2007

To explore professionalization of community college faculty, this study uses data from case studies of searches for full-time arts and sciences community college faculty. The author concludes that there is little evidence of a unique profession and that on a continuum of professionalization community college faculty are more professionalized than K-12 teachers but less so than research university faculty. Further, the author argues that understanding what it means to be a professional in the context of a community college is more important than whether community college teaching is or should become a profession unique from its K-12 or university counterparts.
UCLA Community College Review: Community College Scholarship and Discourse
Authors: Kelly-Kleese Christine
Published: June 2007

This review discusses the concept of the two-year college as a separate discourse community within the larger discourse community of higher education. The article offers a complete definition and description of discourse communities and discusses a new understanding of scholarship in terms of the scholarship of teaching. The review argues that redefining community college scholarship to include teaching as a form of scholarship will build a bridge for community college professionals to assert their knowledge and power within higher education.
Influence of a Community College Developmental Education Writing Course on Academic Performance
Authors: Crews Denise M. , Aragon Steven R.
Published: June 2007

This study examined the relationships between first semester participation in a community college developmental writing course and shortand longterm academic performance. The study examined whether developmental writing course participants earned higher grades at higher rates at the end of a 3-year period following initial college enrollment when compared to nonparticipants.
Measuring the Effectiveness of Developmental Writing Courses
Authors: Southard Anne Hay , Clay Jennifer K.
Published: June 2007

Community college developmental English students passed Composition I at a higher rate than did non-developmental students, confirming the effectiveness of developmental English courses. However, the lack of a significant relationship between placement test scores and students' grades in all writing-intensive courses raised concerns about placement.
Organizational Climate in Its Semiotic Aspect: A Postmodern Community College Undergoes Renewal
Authors: Ayers David F.
Published: June 2007

A study at a community college undergoing renewal provided an opportunity to explore how members of various institutional subsystems differ in the ways they make meaning of organizational climate conditions. The researcher identifies and describes competing discourses relating to the signs and symbols of power, collaboration, technology, and shared vision.
UCLA Community College Review: Reverse Transfer and Multiple Missions of Community Colleges
Authors: Yang Po
Published: June 2007

A growing number of students, called reverse transfer students, attend community colleges at the same time they are enrolled at a four-year institution or after they earn a bachelor's degree. This article explains the motivations and effects of reverse transfer on both students and institutions, and it discusses the potentially positive consequences of reverse transfer in relation to community colleges' multiple missions. Future empirical analyses of the efficiency and equity effects of reverse transfer are critical for developing effective institutional interventions and helping state policymakers to design more coordinated higher education systems that enhance student and institutional performance.
Identifying The Strangers: Exploring Part-Time Faculty Integration in American Community Colleges
Authors: Roueche John E. , Roueche Suanne D. , Milliron Mark D.
Published: June 2007

Moving from the ranks of afifth-year adjunct instructor to afull-time position for me was equivalent to stepping from the shadows to center stage, from invisible understudy to recognized performer In reality, my role didn't change; it merely expanded. But perceptions changed. From my students' angle as audience, I had always been a key performer Butfrom the vantage point of thefull-time cast, I was unusually invisible, swallowed by darkness. Suddenly with afull-time position, the shadows vanished. Even though I hadn't done anything differently, special effects lighting illuminated my place on stage. (Bethke, 1993)
ERIC Review-Blending the Voices: Differing Perspectives on the Community College
Authors: Safarik Lynn , Getskow Veronica
Published: June 2007

This exploratory analysis involved more than 300 publication abstracts, with special attention given to 100 documents selected from the ERIC database and published since 1980. Based upon their analysis, the authors define six primary author groups (or voices) that contribute to the literature on community colleges: community college faculty, community college institutional research staff, state agency personnel, national association staff, university professors, and journalists. The contributions made by each author group to the literature on community colleges are discussed. Based on their findings, the researchers assert the need for an annual synthesis of the literature produced by these diverse author groups that would be written by a skillful author and published in a journal read by a broad audience.
A Survey of Transfer Students at Four-Year Institutions Serving a California Community College
Authors: Harbin Carey E.
Published: June 2007

The students who transfer from a community college to four-year institutions constitute one source of information for evaluating a community college's transfer services. The authordescribes a survey directed at students from one California community college who transferred to four-year institutions. The 85 students who responded to the survey reported high levels of satisfaction with their academic preparation at the community college. Nevertheless, they also reported the need for more reliable information from both instructional and counseling faculty about the transfer process. The author reports demographic data gathered from the students, their ratings of orientation and adjustment experiences at the four-year institutions to which they transferred, and their academic standings at both two- and four-year institutions.
The Effective Community College Academic Administrator: Necessary Competencies and Attitudes
Authors: Townsend Barbara K. , Bassoppo-Moyo Sheila
Published: June 2007

Existing research about the skills and competencies needed by chief academic officers at community colleges often has relied upon functions identified by researchers. The authors report the results of an exploratory survey directed at a national sample of community college chief academic officers to elicit their perceptions of the knowledge, skills, and attitudes required to be effective as an academic administrator, both now and in the future. The authors articulate a set of six professional competencies and five professional attitudes based on the survey data, which was coded according to Stark, Lowther, and Hagerty's (1986) outcomes of professional education. They compare respondents' perceptions of competencies and attitudes needed now and in the future, and discuss their relative importance.