bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ontogeny of Excitatory Spinal Neurons Processing Distinct Somatic Sensory Modalities
Authors: Xu Yi , Lopes Claudia , Wende Hagen , Guo Zhen , Cheng Leping , Birchmeier Carmen , Ma Qiufu
Published: September 2013

Spatial and temporal cues govern the genesis of a diverse array of neurons located in the dorsal spinal cord, including dI1-dI6, dILA, and dILBsubtypes, but their physiological functions are poorly understood. Here we generated a new line of conditional knock-out (CKO) mice, in which the homeobox geneTlx3was removed in dI5 and dILBcells. In theseCKOmice, development of a subset of excitatory neurons located in laminae I and II was impaired, including itch-related GRPR-expressing neurons, PKCγ-expressing neurons, and neurons expressing three neuropeptide genes: somatostatin, preprotachykinin 1, and the gastrin-releasing peptide. TheseCKOmice displayed marked deficits in generating nocifensive motor behaviors evoked by a range of pain-related or itch-related stimuli. The mutants also failed to exhibit escape response evoked by dynamic mechanical stimuli but retained the ability to sense innocuous cooling and/or warm. Thus, our studies provide new insight into the ontogeny of spinal neurons processing distinct sensory modalities.
For a New California Water Atlas
Authors: Sikes Chacha
Published: September 2013

Chacha Sikes, a “millennial” technologist and “nerd for nature,” explains the need for a new, digital, interactive California water atlas, which is now being built by hackers and makers modeled on the original California Water Atlas published in the 1970s.
Opening Up the Archives
Authors: Torres Sara V.
Published: September 2013

The Los Angeles Aqueduct Digital Platform—a joint project of UCLA Library and the Metabolic Studio—is working with other archival repositories to digitize, aggregate, and curate the documentary records of the aqueduct’s construction and history. The new digital platform coincides with the centennial of the aqueduct and makes these vital historical sources readily accessible to scholars, students, and citizens, facilitating the creation of new narratives about the past, present, and future of the aqueduct.
All Along the Aqueduct
Authors: Ress Chad
Published: September 2013

A photographic essay by photographer Chad Ress of the Center for Social Cohesion explores the social uses and value of water on each end of the Los Angeles Aqueduct.
Maternal omega-3 fatty acid intake increases placental labyrinthine antioxidant capacity but does not protect against fetal growth restriction induced by placental ischaemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Jones Megan L , Mark Peter J , Waddell Brendan J
Published: September 2013

Placental oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathophysiology of several placenta-related disorders. Oxidative stress occurs when excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) damages cellular components, an outcome limited by antioxidant enzymes; mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) also limits ROS production. We recently reported that maternal dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) supplementation reduced placental oxidative damage and enhanced fetal and placental growth in the rats. Here, we examined the effect of n-3 PUFAs on placental antioxidant defences and whether n-3 PUFA supplementation could prevent growth restriction induced by placental ischaemia–reperfusion (IR), a known inducer of oxidative stress. Rats were fed either standard or high-n-3 PUFA diets from day 1 of pregnancy. Placentas were collected on days 17 and 22 in untreated pregnancies (term=day 23) and at day 22 following IR treatment on day 17. Expression of several antioxidant enzyme genes (Sod1,Sod2,Sod3,Cat,Txn1andGpx3) andUcp2was measured by quantitative RT-PCR in the placental labyrinth zone (LZ) and junctional zone (JZ). Cytosolic superoxide dismutase (SOD), mitochondrial SOD and catalase (CAT) activities were also analyzed. Maternal n-3 PUFA supplementation increased LZ mRNA expression ofCatat both gestational days (2- and 1.5-fold respectively;P<0.01) and femaleSod2at day 22 (1.4-fold,P<0.01). Cytosolic SOD activity increased with n-3 PUFA supplementation at day 22 (1.3-fold,P<0.05).Sod1andTxn1expression decreased marginally (30 and 22%,P<0.05). JZ antioxidant defences were largely unaffected by diet. Despite increased LZ antioxidant defences, maternal n-3 PUFA supplementation did not protect against placental IR-induced growth restriction of the fetus and placental LZ.
Determinants of household saving and portfolio choice behaviour in Turkey
Authors: Temel Nalın Halime
Published: September 2013

This study investigates the determinants of Turkish households’ saving and portfolio choice behaviour for the period of 2002–2006. The dataset includes 59,855 households, of whom only 10,829 report to have saved and invested. Hence, we first estimate a logit model to identify the characteristics of the households that have saved. Next, we estimate a multinomial logit model where the investment alternatives for the households are real estate, gold, foreign exchange, bank accounts, capital market investments, and investing into own business. The factors affecting the portfolio choices are the variables representing various aspects of households’ demographic, socioeconomic and residential location characteristics. The inflation level nearly doubled during the study period in Turkey. Hence, we also analyse the effects of inflation on households’ saving and portfolio choice decisions. The results of our logit model support the view that the inflation can increase the household savings on condition that the other macroeconomic factors are constant. Furthermore, inflation is also found to increase the probability of investing in capital market instruments. Households’ incomes, education levels, occupation, place of residence (rural/urban), car ownership and household size are found to be significant variables in explaining the variation in households’ saving and portfolio choice behaviour.
Iodine nutrition in elementary state schools of Queretaro, Mexico: correlations between urinary iodine concentration with global nutrition status and social gap index
Authors: García-Solís Pablo , Solís-S Juan Carlos , García-Gaytán Ana Cristina , Reyes-Mendoza Vanessa A. , Robles-Osorio Ludivina , Villarreal-Ríos Enrique , Leal-García Luisa , Hernández-Montiel Hebert Luis
Published: September 2013

OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: To estimate median urinary iodine concentration (UIC), and to correlate it with global nutrition indicators and social gap index (SGI) in 50 elementary state schools from 10 municipalities in the State of Queretaro, Mexico. RESULTS: 1,544 students were enrolled and an above of requirements of iodine intake was found (median UIC of 297 µg/L). Iodine status was found as deficient, adequate, more than adequate and excessive in 2, 4, 19 and 25 schools, respectively. Seventy seven percent of table salt samples showed adequate iodine content (20-40 ppm), while 9.6% of the samples had low iodine content (< 15 ppm). Medians of UIC per school were positively correlated with medians of body mass index (BMI) by using the standard deviation score (SDS) (r = 0.47; p < 0.005), height SDS (r = 0.41; p < 0.05), and overweight and obesity prevalence (r = 0.41; p < 0.05). Medians of UIC per school were negatively correlated with stunting prevalence (r = -0.39; p = 005) and social gap index (r = -0.36; p < 0.05). Best multiple regression models showed that BMI SDS and height were significantly related with UIC (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There is coexistence between the two extremes of iodine intake (insufficient and excessive). To our knowledge, the observed positive correlation between UIC and overweight and obesity has not been described before, and could be explained by the availability and consumption of snack food rich in energy and iodized salt.
Tradução e adaptação semântica para versão em português do Stressful Life Events Schedule (SLES)
Authors: Zeni Cristian Patrick , Coelho Roberta Paula Schell , Ferreira Aline Aparecida Martins , Machado Priscila de Oliveira , Tramontina Silzá , Grassi-Oliveira Rodrigo
Published: September 2013

O Stressful Life Events Schedule (SLES) é um instrumento que visa investigar a presença e o impacto de eventos de vida estressantes (EVE) ocorridos nos últimos 12 meses. O objetivo deste trabalho é traduzir e adaptar por equivalência semântica os itens da escala para a língua portuguesa. Seis etapas foram realizadas: (1) Tradução; (2) Retrotradução; (3) Revisão técnica e adaptação semântica; (4) Avaliação e validação do conteúdo e do significado geral considerando o contexto da população; (5) Realização de uma medida de confiabilidade em relação ao construto dependência/independência dos EVE; e (6) Produção da versão final do instrumento. O tempo verbal se manteve na maioria dos itens da escala. Algumas alterações foram necessárias como um acréscimo da variação de alguns termos. A versão adaptada demonstrou ser de fácil aplicação, não tendo sido avaliada como extensa e contemplando um número considerável de EVE.
Sintomas internalizantes na adolescência e as relações familiares: uma revisão sistemática da literatura
Authors: Hess Adriana Raquel Binsfeld , Falcke Denise
Published: September 2013

Este artigo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão sistemática de literatura, nacional e internacional, no período de 2005 a 2010, sobre os sintomas internalizantes na adolescência e as relações familiares. Inicialmente, foi realizado um levantamento dos artigos indexados nas bases de dados Academic Search Premier, Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), ISI Web of Knowledge, Lilacs, MEDLINEwith Full Text e SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), utilizando-se os descritores, em português, "problemas internalizantes" ou "sintomas internalizantes" e "adolescência ou adolescente ou jovem" e "família"; e, em inglês, "internalizing problems or internalizing symptoms" and "adolescence or adolescent or teenager" and "family". Os artigos foram classificados de acordo com o ano de publicação, o país, a metodologia, o instrumento de mensuração para comportamentos internalizantes e, ainda, quanto à temática principal. Na literatura internacional, constatou-se um predomínio de estudos empíricos e de caráter quantitativo, realizados preponderantemente pelos Estados Unidos. No Brasil, observou-se uma grande escassez de estudos integrando as temáticas da sintomatologia internalizante na adolescência e as relações familiares. Foram encontrados somente dois artigos, o que indica a necessidade de realização de mais pesquisas nesta área em nosso país.
A significação das medidas socioeducativas para as famílias de adolescentes privados de liberdade
Authors: Souza Luana Alves de , Costa Liana Fortunato
Published: September 2013

O presente estudo objetiva apresentar o significado que as famílias de adolescentes privados de liberdade atribuem à medida socioeducativa de internação e às medidas socioeducativas cumpridas anteriormente à internação. A partir de uma abordagem qualitativa, foi realizado estudo de caso de três famílias que possuem filhos em cumprimento de internação no Centro de Integração de Adolescentes de Planaltina (CIAP). Os instrumentais utilizados foram a visita domiciliar e as entrevistas semiestruturadas, e, para a análise e a interpretação dos dados, foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo. A pesquisa evidencia que a internação, apesar de restringir a liberdade dos adolescentes, é significada pelas famílias como a única medida socioeducativa que consegue garantir a proteção de seus filhos, em contraponto às demais medidas socioeducativas.
As formações discursivas jurídicas: uma questão polêmica
Authors: Melo Sílvia Mara de
Published: September 2013

Este artigo tem como propósito apresentar uma análise de enunciados de juristas que opinam na mídia, em sites da área jurídica, a respeito do emprego de expressões rebuscadas pelos operadores do Direito. Foram consideradas tanto as opiniões de juristas, tais como advogado, juiz, oficial de justiça, como a opinião de um leigo. Temos como propósito dialogar com a teoria discursiva, tomando como referencial teórico os pressupostos de Foucault, Pêcheux e Gregolin, principalmente o que eles abordam sobre o sujeito. Este artigo está organizado em duas partes. Na primeira parte, denominada Subjetividade: noções de sujeito em Foucault e Pêcheux, apresentamos o que os autores entendem por sujeito. Em seguida, na segunda parte, que denominamos A polêmica em torno do vocabulário jurídico, demonstramos como os enunciados advindos de diferentes sujeitos podem ser examinados à luz da teoria discursiva.
A presença do conceito gêneros de discurso nas reflexões de D. Maingueneau
Authors: Cavalcanti Jauranice Rodrigues
Published: September 2013

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a presença do conceito bakhtiniano gêneros de discurso na obra de D. Maingueneau. Para isso reunimos um corpus constituído de livros do teórico francês publicados no Brasil nas últimas décadas. A análise procura responder às seguintes questões: em que medida a dimensão do estilo, tal como aparece em Gêneros de Discurso, pode ser relacionada aos conceitos de cenografia e ethos propostos pelo analista? A divisão entre gêneros conversacionais e gêneros instituídos, proposta por Maingueneau, pode ser relacionada à distinção que faz Bakhtin entre gêneros primários e secundários? Resultados apontam pontos de aproximação, mas especificidades que devem ser consideradas.
Educação gerencial para atuação em ambientes de negócios sustentáveis: desafios e tendências de uma escola de negócios brasileira
Authors: Vasconcelos Katia Cyrlene de Araujo , Silva Junior Annor Da , Silva Priscilla de Oliveira Martins da
Published: September 2013

O objetivo deste artigo é descrever e analisar, por meio de um estudo de caso de natureza qualitativa, como o projeto pedagógico de um programa de educação gerencial viabiliza a formação de gestores para atuação em ambientes de negócios sustentáveis. Para isso, estabeleceu-se um debate sobre os temas negócios sustentáveis e educação gerencial no contexto de uma escola de negócios brasileira com atuação internacional. Considera-se que o ambiente de negócios passa por transformações que implicam repensar a relação entre o homem, a organização e o mundo, o paradigma econômico e a forma de produzir e de gerar valor não só para o presente, mas também para as gerações futuras. Em relação ao papel gerencial, assume-se que há uma transição em curso que extrapola as funções administrativas típicas, como planejamento, organização, liderança e controle, chegando ao campo da influência, da adaptação a diferentes contextos, da imprevisibilidade, do pensamento para além das cercas mentais e da convivência com os paradoxos. Os dados foram coletados via triangulação, ao articular a realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com dez profissionais do corpo diretivo e técnico da escola, com análise documental e observação assistemática. As evidências apontam que há esforços da escola para viabilizar seus projetos pedagógicos com base em pressupostos de uma educação voltada para a sustentabilidade, ao disponibilizar um ambiente de aprendizagem experiencial, colaborativo, coletivo e interdisciplinar, e promover a educação de pessoas reflexivas, conscientes, autônomas, com visão ampliada e responsável por suas ações. Entretanto, a escola vive situações paradoxais ao atender às demandas de um mundo corporativo, que ainda insiste em práticas gerenciais que já não são mais suficientes para o modelo de negócios em ambientes sustentáveis, uma vez que o universo corporativo ainda vivencia a lógica econômica e utilitarista de curto prazo, que se contrapõe à lógica sustentável e de longo prazo.
Informações da atenção secundária em Odontologia para avaliação dos modelos de atenção à saúde
Authors: Bulgareli Jaqueline Vilela , Faria Eduardo Tanajura de , Ambrosano Gláucia Maria Bovi , Vazquez Fabiana de Lima , Cortellazzi Karine Laura , Meneghim Marcelo de Castro , Mialhe Fábio Luiz , Pereira Antonio Carlos
Published: September 2013

INTRODUÇÃO: Considerando-se o princípio da integralidade e a construção das redes de atenção no Sistema Único de Saúde, a atenção secundária pode refletir a resolutividade da atenção básica, apoiando a organização das ações e dos serviços de saúde bucal no âmbito da média complexidade. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os modelos de atenção básica em saúde bucal existentes no município de Marília-SP por meio de informações referentes à atenção secundária em Odontologia, segundo o princípio da integralidade. METODOLOGIA: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo, com uma amostra composta por seis Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS), caracterizadas pelo modelo tradicional de atenção, e 11 Unidades de Saúde da Família (USF), que trabalham na perspectiva do modelo Saúde da Família. Os dados secundários foram coletados no Departamento de Avaliação, Controle e Auditoria municipal, que informou a quantidade de encaminhamentos agendados para as especialidades, e no Centro de Especialidades Odontológicas (CEO), que apontou o número de pacientes faltosos na consulta inicial e o número de pacientes que abandonaram o tratamento especializado. O Departamento da Coordenação de Saúde Bucal relatou a demanda reprimida da especialidade Endodontia. Considerou-se o período de funcionamento do CEO de 2007 a 2009. Realizou-se análise exploratória dos dados e, a seguir, foi aplicado o teste t de Student e o teste de Mann Whitney. RESULTADO: O maior número de encaminhamentos para Endodontia foi proveniente das USF. O percentual de faltas em consulta inicial, abandono de tratamento e resolutividade na especialidade não demonstrou diferença estatística em relação ao modelo organizacional da atenção primária. CONCLUSÃO: Concluiu-se que, independentemente do modelo organizacional (UBS-/-USF), os resultados referentes à atenção secundária em Odontologia, em Marília, são semelhantes, exceto para indicação de tratamento endodôntico, podendo sugerir, em estudos futuros, a análise de outras variáveis relacionadas, principalmente referentes ao usuário.
Síntese de complexos de silicato de cálcio hidratado/polímeros
Authors: Pelisser F. , Gleize P. J. P. , Peterson M.
Published: September 2013

O cimento hidratado, composto majoritariamente por C-S-H, é um material frágil com baixa resistência à tração. Sabe-se também que a adição de sílica ativa ao concreto torna-o mais resistente e, conseqüentemente, mais durável, mas, em contrapartida, ainda mais frágil. Para tornar o C-S-H mais dúctil, uma alternativa é a fabricação de nanocompósitos ou híbridos C-S-H/polímero. A intercalação de moléculas orgânicas na nanoestrutura do C-S-H e de outros hidratos do cimento pode ocasionar mudanças radicais das propriedades em todas as ordens de grandeza, produzindo produtos cimentícios mais resistentes e também mais dúcteis. O principal objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a possibilidade de intercalação de compostos orgânicos na nanoestrutura do silicato de cálcio hidratado (C-S-H), principal composto de hidratação do cimento Portland, visando a formação de nanocompósitos com propriedades diferenciadas. Para isso, foram sintetizados géis de C-S-H com varias relações molares Ca/Si a partir de dois métodos (síntese por precipitação e síntese pozolânica); sem e com a presença de polímeros. Foram avaliados os efeitos do poli-cloreto de dialilmetilamonia (PDC-utilizado na fabricação de superplastificantes), apontado pela literatura como capaz de se intercalar no espaço interplanar do C-S-H [1,2,3,4,5], e do copolímero acetato de vinila/etileno (EVA), apontado pela literatura como modificador da morfologia do C-S-H [6,7]. O polímero de PDC propiciou alteração na ligação nanoestrutural do C-S-H de síntese, influenciando na distância interplanar e no tipo de ligação na região de dreierketten e wollastonita, porém esta modificação é parcial e em taxas que ainda devem ser investigadas, as quais são provavelmente influenciadas pelas características complexas de formação - quanto ao tipo de ligação - e pela formação aleatória e pouco cristalina do C-S-H.
A formação do cartógrafo é o mundo: corporificação e afetabilidade
Authors: Pozzana Laura
Published: September 2013

Este texto discute a formação do cartógrafo colaborando na construção de pistas do método da cartografia. Ao considerar a processualidade na produção de conhecimento, o texto argumenta que tal formação se faz na abertura atenta do corpo ao plano coletivo de forças em meio ao mundo. O aprendizado e a transformação do pesquisador se fazem no acompanhamento dos efeitos das ações de pesquisa, produzem habilidades e rigor ético. Varela e Latour nos dão suporte na afirmação de que a formação do cartógrafo se faz como inscrição corporal, é acompanhada por processos de corporificação do conhecimento e práticas que configuram regimes de afetabilidade. Neste sentido, aponta para a necessidade de ativação do potencial de ser afetado para além de sua função sensível trivial, ativando uma dimensão de virtualidade que só se amplia à medida que é exercitada. Concluímos que ao pensar na formação do cartógrafo pensamos na produção de mundo.
Sobre a validação da pesquisa cartográfica: acesso à experiência, consistência e produção de efeitos
Authors: Passos Eduardo , Kastrup Virginia
Published: September 2013

O texto discute o tema da validação na pesquisa guiada pelo método da cartografia. Define uma diretriz de validação e distingue três indicadores de validação. Propõe que a validação seja realizada em três níveis de avaliação: a autoavaliação realizada pelo próprio pesquisador, a avaliação pelos participantes da pesquisa e a avaliação por pares - o que vem a compor a ideia de uma validação distribuída, já que nenhum dos seus três níveis pode sozinho dar conta da avaliação do processo de investigação. Defende que a validação de uma pesquisa cartográfica se realize ao longo do processo e não apenas ao final da investigação.
Temporal variation in phytoplankton community in a freshwater coastal lake of southern Brazil
Authors: Tonetta Denise , Petrucio Mauricio Mello , Laudares-Silva Roselane
Published: September 2013

AIM: The aim of the present study was to study the vertical variation in phytoplankton community in a subtropical coastal lake and to verify the temporal variation of this community following variation in temperature and dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus. METHODS: Sampling of phytoplankton and abiotic variables were performed monthly from June/2009 to January/2011 at four depths from the central part of Peri Lake. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance, correlation and canonical correspondence analysis. RESULTS: Vertical variation in the phytoplankton community and limnological data did not occur but temporal variation was found. The lake was limited by light and nutrients and this light limitation selected the Cyanobacteria species from Sn and S1 functional groups. Phytoplankton community was composed of five groups, with 31 freshwater taxa, in which Cyanobacteria was the most important with 87.7% of total density and Chlorophyta with 11.8%. Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii was dominant during almost the whole study period because when temperature and phosphorus increased and wind speed decreased Limnothrix sp. density was boosted. Different species of Cyanobacteria filamentous showed correlation with variables in different ways, indicating that some species can co-exist, each of them having distinct niches or can compete by the same resource. CONCLUSION: The phytoplankton presented periodicity driven by annual change in water temperature and nutrients availability. Peri Lake's features allow for the occurrence of a vertically homogeneous water column and the dominance of cyanobacterial functional groups adapted to low underwater light and nutrients deficiency
The Polysphinctine WaspsAcrotaphus tibialis, Erugaca.gutfreundi, andHymenoepimecis tedfordi(Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) Induce Their Host Spiders to Build Modified Webs
Authors: Eberhard William G
Published: September 2013

The wasps Acrotaphus tibialis (Cameron), Eruga ca. gutfreundi Gauld, and Hymenoepimecis tedfordi Gauld induce their host spiders to spin modified “cocoon” webs just before they kill them and pupate. The cocoon webs induced by all three wasp species appear better designed to support and protect the wasps' pupal cocoons than are the normal orbs of their hosts. The typical cocoon webs induced by A. tibialis were similar to the protected resting webs built by their host spiders Argiope trifasciata (Forskäl) but had more elaborate protective barrier tangles. The other two species of wasp induced the same host spider, Leucauge mariana (Keyserling) to build quite different cocoon webs. The cocoon webs of H. tedfordi varied somewhat, but usually included radial lines and a tangle below. They resembled the resting webs of the host in having a planar radial organization and (often) a tangle below, but lacked a hub and had their lines that were apparently composed of high numbers of individual strands. The three dimensional, radially arranged cocoon web of E. ca. gutfreundi had no clear counterpart in the webs of unparasitized L. mariana. The substantial intraspecific variation in the cocoon webs, especially those of A. tibialis, emphasizes the apparent difficulty of precise host manipulation by these wasps.
Description of Acoustic Characters and Stridulatory Pars Stridens of Nicrophorus (Coleoptera: Silphidae): A Comparison of Eight North American Species
Authors: Hall Carrie L , Mason Andrew C , Howard Daniel R , Padhi Abinash , Smith Rosemary J
Published: September 2013

Insects make use of sound in a variety of behavioral and reproductive contexts. Acoustic signals are known to serve in defense, sexual advertisement, prey location, and in cooperative activities such as offspring care and group foraging. In airborne signals produced by insects, information associated with species identification is often related to the temporal structure of the sound, while spectral quality is more closely associated with intraspecific variation. The Nicrophorine burying beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera: Silphidae) are a group known to produce sound through dorso-ventro stridulation, but the bioacoustics of this group remains understudied. Here, we examine the stridulatory sound produced by eight North American species of Nicrophorus burying beetles, testing the hypothesis that interspecific differences will be encoded in temporal characteristics of the sound, and that signal divergence will be explained by one of three mechanisms: selection as an intraspecific signal, selection for interspecific aposematism, or random divergence through drift. We digitally recorded stridulation in each species, and analyzed recordings to describe each in respect to four spectral and eight temporal acoustic characters. All species produced a low amplitude biphastic sound pulse consisting of from 58 to 126 syllables, and exhibiting weak dominant frequencies (5.8–12.7 kHz). Collapsing the 12 variables into three rotated factors using principal component analysis, we found no sex-related differences in sound, but significant interspecies divergence in respect to all three factors. We constructed a phylogeny for the group based on the morphology of the stridulatory structures and the acoustic characters, and found weak support for an intraspecific signal divergence model.
Molting Process in the Formosan Subterranean Termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)
Authors: Xing Lin , Chouvenc Thomas , Su Nan-Yao
Published: September 2013

This study describes the behavioral and histological changes that take place during ecdysis in the Formosan subterranean termite. The molting process was described in four distinct phases, starting with the peristaltic contraction of the abdomen to the complete shedding of the exuvium. Although individual termites still managed to go through the molting process when isolated from their nestmates, it required more time for the molting individual to complete the process than when aided by its nestmates. Histological observations were made on termites during the intermolt period, the premolting or fasting period, the pre-ecdysis and the ecdysis periods, and on newly molted individuals. Symbiotic protozoans were voided at the beginning of the premolting/fasting period. The detachment and reattachment of the muscles of the abdominal segments occurred during pre-ecdysis, and the leg muscle detachment and reattachment occurred during ecdysis. During pre-ecdysis, the abdominal cuticle had a wrinkled texture and two layers of cuticles were observed, one of which was the newly formed cuticle underneath the old one. Finally, the old tracheae were shed from the tracheal system and were pulled out from the spiracular openings of the mesothorax with the help of the nestmates. We concluded that, as social insects, the presence of nestmates during the molting of individual termites reduced the time necessary to complete the ecdysis, and the histological description of the molting process provides a template for further studies on the effect of chitin synthesis inhibitors on ecdysis in termites.
Five New Species of the GenusPaederusfrom Mainland China, with a Review of the Chinese Fauna of the Subtribe Paederina (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae)
Authors: Li Xiao-Yan , Zhou Hong-Zhang , Solodovnikov Alexey
Published: September 2013

Five new species of the genus Paederus presumably forming a monophyletic group that cannot be assigned to any of the hitherto known subgenera are described from mainland China: Paederus biacutus sp. nov. from Fujian, Paederus parvidenticulatus sp. nov. from Guizhou, Paederus sinisterobliquus sp. nov. from Hubei, Paederus symmetricus sp. nov. from Guangxi and Guizhou, and Paederus volutobliquus sp. nov. from Guangdong. Given the problems of the higher-level classification of the subtribe Paederina, that is the taxon equivalent to Paederus sensu lato according to some authors, the entire group is reviewed for the territory of China. A regional list of species is updated, and identification keys to genera of the subtribe Paederina, subgenera of the genus Paederus, and five new species of the P. biacutus species-group fauna of China are given.
Phase-Related Developmental Characteristics of Antennal Sensilla of Nymphal Laodelphax striatellus (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), a Serious Virus-Transmitting Insect Vector of Graminaceous Crops
Authors: Fu Bing-Xian , Zhu Zeng-Rong , Rong Nian-Hang , Hong Jian , Zhang Chuan-Xi , Cheng Jia-An
Published: September 2013

The immature development of the antennal sensilla borne by the first—fifth instar nymphal Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) were studied using scanning electron microscopy. Sensillar types of nymphs did not vary, but the distribution pattern of sensilla gradually changed during the postembryonic development. Seven types of antennal sensilla were found on the antennae of each of the first—fifth instars. One Böhm bristle and one sensillum campaniformium I on the scape, one Böhm bristle and one sensillum campaniformium II on the pedicel, and one sensillum coeloconicum and three sensilla basiconica on the swollen flagellar base (main body) remain constant during development. The numbers of sensilla chaetica on the scape and pedicel and the numbers of sensilla trichodea, sensilla placodea, and sensilla basiconica on the pedicel gradually increased from the youngest to the oldest instars. In contrast, sensilla trichodea, which occurred on the swollen flagellar base of the first instar nymph, disappeared after the first molt, and one sensillum placodeum on the swollen flagellar base of the first instar nymph gradually degraded during development and finally disappeared after the third molt. The length and width of antennae increased during the development, except for the flagellar main body, which presented negative growth in its width after the first molt. The development of antennae seems according with the need for bearing sensilla.
Aphelinid and Encyrtid (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) Parasitoids of Armored Scales (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) Attacking Hemlocks (Tsuga spp.) in Japan and the United States, with Description of Eight New Species
Authors: Japoshvili George , Abell Kristopher J , Normark Benjamin B , Driesche Roy G Van
Published: September 2013

The complex of aphelinids and encyrtids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) parasitizing armored scales (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on hemlock in Japan (Tsuga diversifolia Masters and Tsuga sieboldii Carrière) and in the eastern United States (Tsuga canadensis [L.] Carrière) was surveyed. Eight new species were discovered and are described here: Five species of Encarsia and one species each of Pteroptrix (Aphelinidae), Coccidencyrtus, and Thomsonisca (Encyrtidae). Two previously known species, Aphytis moldavicus Yasnosh and Encarsia brimblecombei Girault, are recorded for the first time from Japan. New host-parasitoid associations were found for five diaspidids: Fiorinia externa Ferris, Dynaspidiotus tsugae Marlatt, Pseudaulacaspis momi Kuwana, Lepidosaphes japonica Kuwana, and Lepidosaphes pseudotsugae Takahashi.
A New Thaumaglossa Species from Laos (Coleoptera: Dermestidae: Megatominae), with a Key to the Laosan Species
Authors: Kadej Marcin , Háva Jiří
Published: September 2013

Thaumaglossa beali Kadej and Háva, and Thaumaglossa parahilleri Kadej and Háva, two new species, are described from NE Laos. The habitus, antennae, and genitalia are illustrated and compared with related species. A key to the Laosan species of Thaumaglossa. Redtenbacher is presented.
Life History and Laboratory Rearing of Narnia femorata (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae) with Descriptions of Immature Stages
Authors: Vessels H K , Bundy C S , McPherson J E
Published: September 2013

Narnia femorata Stål (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae) is a leaffooted bug commonly found on Opuntia and Ferocactus cacti (Cactaceae) in southern New Mexico. Although general information has been published on the biology of this species, detailed studies are limited, particularly in America north of Mexico. Therefore, we conducted a study of this bug's life history in southern New Mexico from August 2010 to May 2012, reared the bug in the laboratory, and described the immature stages. Six prickly pear cactus plants, Opuntia phaeacantha Engelmann, and four barrel cactus plants, Ferocactus wislizeni (Engelmann) Britton & Rose, were examined weekly to record numbers of the various life stages, adult sex ratios, and behavioral activities. Adults of this apparently bivoltine species overwintered in plant debris at the bases of their host plants. They emerged in late February to deposit eggs in rows along the underside of cactus spines. Nymphs were found from late February through late December. Nymphs of the first generation were most abundant April through June on and around developing flowers of O.phaeacantha. Those of the second generation were most abundant during August and September on maturing fruit of O. phaeacantha and developing flowers and maturing fruit of F.wislizeni. The bug also was reared from egg to adult under controlled laboratory conditions on fruit and pads of O. phaeacantha at 25 ± 0.01 °C under a photoperiod of 14:10 (L:D) h. The incubation period averaged 12.70 d. The five stadia averaged 3.84, 11.00, 12.12, 17.06, and 22.94 d, respectively. Instars can be distinguished readily by differences in several morphological features in addition to body size and coloration.
No Long-Term Effects of Prescribed Fire on Lehmann Lovegrass (Eragrostis lehmanniana)–Invaded Desert Grassland
Authors: McGlone Christopher M.
Published: September 2013

Desert grasslands of the southwestern United States have experienced an increase in the abundance and distribution of woody plant species over the past century. Shrub encroachment has caused a substantial loss of grasslands in the northern Chihuahuan Desert. The Chihuahuan Desert has also been invaded by Lehmann lovegrass, a fire-adapted species from southern Africa. In 1999, the U.S. Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service burned a remnant desert grassland to determine the effects of prescribed fire on shrub–perennial grass dynamics. The grassland also contained the nonnative perennial grass Lehmann lovegrass. I am reporting on a study that was initiated to determine whether prescribed burning would alter the vegetative community within and proximal to a Lehmann lovegrass–dominated patch. Cover of Lehmann lovegrass showed no significant response to the burn treatment. Of the dominant native species, only black grama and broom snakeweed had a significant year by treatment interaction. No species or growth form had a significant vegetation type by year by treatment interaction. After 6 yr, differences between burned and unburned transects were not significant for any species or growth form.
Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula) Affects Vegetation More Than Seed Banks in Mixed-Grass Prairies of the Northern Great Plains
Authors: Haines Dustin F. , Larson Diane L. , Larson Jennifer L.
Published: September 2013

Exotic plants have the ability to modify soil seed banks in habitats they invade, but little is known about the legacy of invasion on seed banks once an exotic plant has successfully been controlled. Natural areas previously invaded by leafy spurge in the northern Great Plains typically have one of two fates following its removal: a return of native plants, or a secondary invasion of other exotic plants. It is unknown, however, if this difference in plant communities following leafy spurge control is due to seed bank differences. To answer this question, we monitored seed banks and standing vegetation for 2 yr in mixed-grass prairies that were previously invaded by leafy spurge but controlled within 5 yr of our study. We found that native plant seed banks were largely intact in areas previously invaded by leafy spurge, regardless of the current living plant community, and leafy spurge invasion history had a larger impact on cover and diversity of the vegetation than on the seed banks. Differences in plant communities following leafy spurge control do not appear to be related to the seed banks, and soil conditions may be more important in determining trajectories of these postinvasion communities.
Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) Invasion and Eradication: Implications for Soil Nutrient Dynamics in a Longleaf Pine Sandhill Ecosystem
Authors: Hagan Donald L. , Jose Shibu , Bohn Kimberly , Escobedo Francisco
Published: September 2013

We assessed pre- and posteradication nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics in longleaf pine sandhill stands severely affected by cogongrass. Across a 7-yr posteradication (glyphosate + imazapyr) “recovery chronosequence,” which included untreated cogongrass, uninvaded reference, and treated plots, we analyzed soils for total N, potentially available P (Mehlich-1 [M1]), pH, and organic matter content. We also used resin bags to assess fluxes of plant available N and P in the soil solution. Additionally, we used litterbags to monitor the decomposition and nutrient mineralization patterns of dead rhizome and foliage tissue. Our results indicate similar total N and M1-P contents in both cogongrass-invaded and uninvaded reference plots, with levels of M1-P being lower than in cogongrass plots for 5 yr after eradication. Soil organic matter did not differ between treatments. Resin bag analyses suggest that cogongrass invasion did not affect soil nitrate availability, although a pulse of NO2+ NO3occurred in the first 3 yr after eradication. No such trends were observed for ammonium. Resin-adsorbed PO4was lowest 3 yr after eradication, and pH was highest 5 yr after eradication. Our litterbag study showed that approximately 55% of foliar biomass and 23% of rhizome tissue biomass remained 18 mo after herbicide treatment. Substantial N immobilization was observed in rhizomes for the first 12 mo, with slow mineralization occurring thereafter. Rapid P mineralization occurred, with 15.4 and 20.5% of initial P remaining after 18 mo in rhizomes and foliage, respectively. Overall, our findings indicate that cogongrass invasion has little to no effect on soil nutrient cycling processes, although some significant—but ephemeral—alterations develop after eradication.
English Ivy (Hedera helix) Control with Postemergence-Applied Herbicides
Authors: Yang Qian , Wehtje Glenn , Gilliam Charles H. , McElroy J. Scott , Sibley Jeff L.
Published: September 2013

English ivy (Hedera helix) is an evergreen, perennial vine that was introduced from Europe and Asia and is not endemic in much of the United States. English ivy can be invasive and difficult to control once established. Four similar, but not identical, experiments were conducted in sequence to evaluate selected, POST-applied herbicides for English ivy control. English ivy plants were propagated from cuttings and container-grown to obtain a large population of uniform plants. Aminopyralid and fluroxypyr applied at 1.34 and 0.71 kg ae ha−1, which is more twice the maximum registered rate for either herbicide, were ineffective. Glyphosate and 2,4-D amine were generally more effective, but neither herbicide provided a level of control that could be deemed consistently acceptable. Glyphosate applied at 8.51 kg ae ha−1(the highest rate evaluated) provided 69, 98, and 89% control in the second, third, and fourth experiments as determined by foliage fresh-weight reduction relative to a nontreated control. Treatment with 2,4-D at 5.60 kg ae ha−1(the highest rate evaluated) controlled English ivy 28, 98, and 89% in the second, third, and fourth experiments, respectively. Mixtures of 2,4-D and glyphosate were generally no more effective than were the components applied alone. Metsulfuron was the most effective herbicide. Metsulfuron applied at 0.168 kg ai ha−1controlled English ivy ≥ 97% across the three experiments in which this treatment was included. This treatment also prevented regrowth.
Antireflective amorphous carbon nanocone arrays inspired from compound eyes
Authors: Li Teng , Lou Shuai , Ding Jian , Fan Tongxiang
Published: September 2013

A nanocone-arrayed amorphous carbon architecture with favorable antireflective property has been fabricated through a one-step vacuum sintering process, mimicking the hierarchical nipple array structure on compound eyes of the butterfly Euploea mulciber. The architecture presents a reflectance of 2–3% in visible light (380–750 nm), much lower than relevant flat-plate amorphous carbon with approximately 11% reflection. Poynting vector maps based on 3D finite differential time domain simulation reveal that the nanocone arrays redistribute the incident light in both horizontal and vertical directions and thus enhance the light absorption, contributing to the low reflectance. Simulated reflection results convey that the array height determines the wavelength range of minimum reflection, and proper lattice constant and nipple thickness, together with small tilt angle, can result in good antireflective property. This article contains supporting information that will be made available online once the issue is published. In the meantime, if you wish to get a copy of the supplementary file please contact the Managing Editor, Sohini Banerjee, at sohini.banerjee@icepublishing.com
Bottom‐up effects of soil quality on a coffee arthropod interaction web
Authors: Gonthier D. J. , Dominguez G. M. , Witter J. D. , Spongberg A. L. , Philpott S. M.
Published: September 2013

Nutrient availability and soil quality influence herbivores through changes in plant traits and can have cascading effects on herbivore interactions. In complex systems, with many positive and negative interactions, the consequences of these bottom‐up effects are still not well established. We carried out a set of studies to determine the impact of soil quality (organic compost amendments) on a hemipteran herbivore (Coccus viridis), two ant mutualists, predators, pathogens, parasitoids of C. viridis, and an arboreal arthropod community on coffee (Coffea arabica). We also determined the impact of Azteca instabilis ants on the arthropod community with an exclusion experiment. In an observational study, the carbon to nitrogen ratio (C:N) of leaf tissue correlated negatively with C. viridis density, however caffeine content did not correlate with C. viridis. In a field experiment with coffee seedlings, both C. viridis and total arthropod abundance were greater on high‐quality plants than on low‐quality plants. Excluding A. instabilis resulted in higher C. viridis abundance and parasitism rate, and higher spider and total arthropod abundance. Although A. instabilis attendance of C. viridis only marginally differed across soil quality treatments, in a second experiment, Pheidole synanthropica ants recruited more workers per C. viridis individual on high‐ relative to low‐quality plants. Soil quality treatments did not impact predator abundance or fungal pathogen prevalence. These results suggest soil quality impacts C. viridis herbivores, P. synanthropica ants, and total abundance of arthropods on coffee, but did not impact the third trophic level. Thus this study provides a complex case study of pathways in which bottom‐up effects influence arthropod interaction webs.
On the political sideline? The institutional isolation of donor organizations in Jordanian hydropolitics
Authors: Bonn Thomas
Published: September 2013

Fresh water availability is very low in Jordan. Current water usage is unsustainable and structures of water resource governance are inadequate. Drawing on expert interviews and the analysis of media texts, this study shows that patterns and privileges of water consumption sustain specific political and social orders, aggravating Jordan's suboptimal water resource deployment. Many of these long-established modes of water distribution are not commensurate with new resource governance structures fostered by international development cooperation. This puts pressure on Jordan's political elite: the flow of foreign aid stabilizes the regime as does the preservation of existing privileges. It is argued here that maintaining two opposed but coexisting ‘resource realities’, i.e. governance structures and usage patterns of water resources, allows the regime to escape this dilemma. Donor organizations are thus bound to operate in an institutionally isolated sphere in Jordan with only a marginal ability to penetrate the relevant actor groups to trigger profound effects on either resource reality.
Tools for the implementation of integrated water resources management (IWRM) in the Caribbean
Authors: Senecal Catherine , Madramootoo Chandra A.
Published: September 2013

While many countries and regional authorities in the Caribbean have embraced the concept of integrated water resources management (IWRM) and recognized its guiding principles as beneficial, few have possessed the capacity to implement it since its enunciation in the Dublin Principles of 1992. The Caribbean Water Initiative (CARIWIN) endeavoured over a 6-year period, 2006–2012, to build capacity in a collaborative process with national governments and regional and international agencies. The result of this collaborative process was the selection of three Caribbean-specific tools to support the implementation of the key components of IWRM. These tools were National Water Information Systems, the Caribbean Drought and Precipitation Monitoring Network, and Community Water Strategies. This paper describes these three tools and the process promoted through CARIWIN for their successful adoption and implementation, i.e. a program including professional development, institutional partnerships, research, and dissemination of knowledge.