bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Case report: Successful treatment of malignant pericardial effusion with pericardiocentesis, concurrent anti-inflammatory therapy and cancer therapy
Authors: Lee Nuri , Bang Hyunjin , Park Hyukjin , Shim Hyun-Jeong
Published: October 2023

Despite significant advancements in systemic anticancer therapies, cardiac tamponade remains a serious and potentially life-threatening complication in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). However, there is a paucity of comprehensive research investigating alternative management approaches, such as pericardiocentesis and anti-inflammatory therapy (AIT), to effectively address cardiac tamponade and mitigate the risk of heart failure arising from constrictive physiology (CP) in patients with MBC when traditional systemic anticancer drugs fail to yield favorable outcomes. Herein, we describe two cases of MBC with cardiac tamponade that occurred despite the administration of effective systemic anticancer drugs. In each case, pericardial effusion was detected in a patient who was undergoing palliative anticancer therapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive MBC. The patients in these cases were successfully treated with pericardiocentesis and AIT (prednisolone and colchicine) for subsequent CP without substitution with their systemic anticancer drugs. Cardiac tamponade and CP are regarded as signs of advanced cancer and are associated with a worse clinical outcome in general; however, they can still be treated with an effective anticancer drug, pericardiocentesis, and management of CP by cardiooncology specialists.
Ultramafic pseudotachylytes in high-pressure metamorphogenic peridotite from Luobusha, Tibet: a record of crustal paleo-earthquakes
Authors: Zhang Haoran , Xu Xiwei , Yang Saihong
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we report an occurrence of ultramafic pseudotachylytes, providing fault-rock evidence of paleo-earthquakes, from the Luobusha ophiolite complex in the Yarlung Zangbo suture zone. The pseudotachylytes form hairline-thin aphanitic veinlets and vein networks bounded by micro-damage zones cutting through the host harzburgite, forming flow banding in some places. The pseudotachylyte veins are dominated by close-knit ultrafine-grained minerals consisting of olivine, orthopyroxene, serpentine, spinel, and magnetite, cemented by an extremely fine matrix. As the primary component of the pseudotachylyte veins, olivine occurs as microphenocryst showing zoning from core to rim and as irregularly shaped microlite immersed in the interstitial material. Zoned crystals of olivine developed with Mg-rich cores and more Fe-rich rims. Microlite diagnosis of crystallization in a quenched melt includes dendritic, skeletal, and poikilitic olivine crystals, which are typical of ultramafic pseudotachylyte. The olivine microlites contain higher amounts of Ca, Al, and Cr but a lower Ni content compared with the host harzburgite olivine. Irregularly shaped chrome-spinel crystals are chemically zoned as well, indicating an Fe-rich rim overgrowth. Ni sulfide droplets interspersing among the matrix imply melt occurrence. The presence of a micro-fibrous and micro-vesicular interstitial matrix also indicates a melting-related origin. Ultracataclastite veins associated with pseudotachylyte transecting serpentine are observed, which convey that heat was generated during rapid comminution and injection. The characteristic petrography, microtextures, and chemical inhomogeneities meet the criteria of ultramafic pseudotachylyte and reveal a mixed genesis via a combination of crushing and melting. The development of extremely tiny globular prograde serpentine inclusions (∼100 nm) in the olivine microlites is ascribed to the dehydration reaction of serpentine to olivine within the pseudotachylyte. The Luobusha metamorphogenic peridotite was subjected to serpentinization after having emplaced in the crust and subsequently to high-pressure metamorphism. The pseudotachylytes were generated in the crust after the high-pressure metamorphism and did not descend to a greater depth. Flash ultra-comminution associated with frictional heating may release fluids via localized heat-driven prograde reactions in the crust.
Study on the mechanical properties and energy dissipation characteristics of concrete subjected to high strain rate and sulfate attack
Authors: Liu Ruixue , Zhang Lianying , Li Hailong , Li Bing
Published: October 2023

Marine structures, such as cross-sea bridges, port constructions, and offshore drilling platforms, are not only subjected to sulfate erosion, but also to various dynamic loads. Analyzing the damage evolution process of concrete under sulfate erosion and impact loads is the key to improving the lifespan of concrete. In order to study the damage evolution process of eroded concrete under high strain rates, the energy dissipation characteristics, basic physics and mechanical properties, and micro-fracture mechanism of sulfate-eroded concrete at different sulfate concentrations (C=0, 3%, 6%, and 9%) under high strain rate ranging from 70/s to 85/s are systematically studied by using the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test system, X-ray diffractometer and SEM scanning electron microscope. The research results indicate that an increase in sulfate concentration leads to a decrease in Ca(OH)2 content and an increase in Ettringite (AFt) content in concrete specimens; As the sulfate concentration increases, the dynamic peak strength and dynamic elastic modulus of concrete specimens gradually decrease, while the dynamic peak strain of concrete specimens gradually increases; The degree of macroscopic fragmentation in concrete specimens subjected to impact compression becomes increasingly severe with rising sulfate concentrations; As the sulfate concentration increases, the proportion of reflected energy and dissipated energy gradually increases, while that of transmitted energy gradually decreases, and the energy absorption capacity of the sample is significantly improved; The results of the SEM test shows that with the increase of sulfate concentration, a large amount of AFt is generated at the joint fissures and the interface of cement aggregates, the expansion of AFt and the crack development of concrete reduce the integrity and stability of concrete. This study holds significant guidance for the application of concrete in impact situations under a sulfate attack environment.
The effect of video podcasts on learning English proverbs by Iranian EFL learners
Authors: Nikbakht Ahmadreza , Mazdayasna Golnar
Published: October 2023

The question of whether podcasting affects the processes of teaching and learning English language has been extensively studied in recent years. However, there are a limited number of studies on whether video podcasts can affect learning English proverbs. The current study investigated the effectiveness of video podcasts in terms of learning English proverbs in a non-native environment. The participants of this study were 31 undergraduate students majoring in English Language and Literature at Yazd University who had enrolled in a course entitled “Listening and Speaking.” They were randomly divided into two groups namely control group and experimental group. A pre-test was given to both groups before the intervention sessions. The control group was taught based on the traditional approach, and the experimental group was taught based on video podcasting. Following 5 weeks of the intervention, all the students in the two groups were given a post-test. The results of the post-test revealed that the students in the experimental group performed much better in comparison to the students in the control group. Preliminary results of this study can increase nonnative English language teachers’ awareness of using technology in their classes with respect to teaching English proverbs. Also, immigrants who intend to learn English language and culture can benefit from the findings of this research.
A question of feedback? Studying effects of academic performance and teacher feedback on primary school students' social acceptance in an experimental setting
Authors: Nicolay Philipp , Huber Christian
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Being socially accepted by peers is a fundamental psychological need, and the consequences of social rejection are manifold. Investigating the causes of social rejection, a large body of studies have already established the relationship between social acceptance and individual characteristics (e.g., academic performance). However, the overall contributions of those individual characteristics are rather small, and the cause-and-effect relationship is still unclear. In addition, following social referencing theory, studies suggest that the feedback teachers give to students might also influence their social acceptance.

Methods

This experimental study, therefore, examined the influence academic performance, as well as teacher feedback, have on social acceptance. Teacher feedback was operationalized along the following two dimensions: feedback valence (positive/negative) and feedback focus (personal/task). A total of 737 third and fourth-grade primary school students (51% girls) from North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany) rated a fictional student's social acceptance on a scale of three sociometric items before and after watching an experimental video that showed a school day of the fictional student. Participants were randomly assigned to one level of academic performance (high/average/low) and one of four feedback conditions, with each being a combination of the two factors, feedback valence and feedback focus. Data were analyzed using linear mixed models.

Results

The results indicated that both academic performance and the valence of teacher feedback influenced participants' social acceptance of the student in the video. For instance, a high academic performance had a positive effect and a low academic performance had a negative effect on social acceptance. Further, positive teacher feedback influenced social acceptance positively, while negative teacher feedback influenced social acceptance negatively. However, this effect was moderated by the focus of the teacher's feedback. Feedback with a focus on the person had a more substantial effect on social acceptance for both positive and negative feedback than feedback with a focus on the task.

Discussion

These findings illustrate the importance teachers and their feedbacks have on students' peer relationships. They further suggest that it not only matters if teachers give positive or negative feedback but also how they do it.
Development and validation of a measure for academic locus of control
Authors: Morelli Mara , Cattelino Elena , Rosati Fau , Baiocco Roberto , Andreassi Silvia , Chirumbolo Antonio
Published: October 2023

Previous research highlighted the significant role of locus of control in predicting academic achievement and dropout, emphasizing the need for reliable measures to identify factors that foster academic success. This study aimed to develop an academic locus of control (ALoC) measure. Participants were 432 Italian university students (69 males, 363 females) pursuing bachelor’s (N = 339) and master’s (N = 123) degrees in Italy. The ALoC scale resulted in two factors, internal (6 items) and external ALoC (12 items), which demonstrated satisfactory dimensionality and invariance across students’ gender and attending degree. Internal and external ALoC were, respectively, negatively, and positively associated with academic dropout. This study confirmed the importance of locus of control for academic achievement, suggesting that university programs should address students’ personal sense of failure while promoting a sense of mastery and responsibility for academic outcomes.
Enhancing music education in the Peruvian Amazon: a call for urgent action
Authors: Prados Bravo Saray , Rolando Claudia
Published: October 2023

This study focuses on music education in the Peruvian educational system, specifically in the Alto Amazonas region. Through qualitative research methods such as participant observation, video recordings, documentary analysis and questionnaires, the study assesses the state of music education and music teacher education, evaluates the musical training of individuals in jungle populations, and explores strategies for preserving Amazonian folklore. The findings reveal a lack of emphasis on music in the curriculum, inadequate teacher training, and a need to protect and revitalize folklore. Recommendations are made to address these issues, including curriculum development, teacher training, and revitalization of traditional music in classrooms. The study emphasizes the importance of integrating music into various subjects, increasing access to university music courses, conducting research, and supporting ethnomusicological studies. Urgent action is urged to improve music education, preserve cultural heritage, and provide comprehensive musical education for students in the Peruvian Amazon.
The interplay between kisspeptin and endocannabinoid systems modulates male hypothalamic and gonadic control of reproduction in vivo
Authors: Marino Marianna , D’Auria Raffaella , Mele Elena , Pastorino Grazia Maria Giovanna , Di Pietro Paola , D’Angelo Stefania , Della Rocca Natalia , Operto Francesca Felicia , Vecchione Carmine , Fasano Silvia , Pierantoni Riccardo , Viggiano Andrea , Meccariello Rosaria , Santoro Antonietta
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Male reproduction is under the control of the hypothalamus–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) and the kisspeptin system (KS) are two major signaling systems in the central and peripheral control of reproduction, but their possible interaction has been poorly investigated in mammals. This manuscript analyzes their possible reciprocal modulation in the control of the HPG axis.

Materials and methods

Adolescent male rats were treated with kisspeptin-10 (Kp10) and endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA), the latter alone or in combination with the type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1) antagonist rimonabant (SR141716A). The hypothalamic KS system and GnRH expression, circulating sex steroids and kisspeptin (Kiss1) levels, and intratesticular KS and ECS were evaluated by immunohistochemical and molecular methods. Non-coding RNAs (i.e., miR145-5p, miR-132-3p, let7a-5p, let7b-5p) were also considered.

Results

Circulating hormonal values were not significantly affected by Kp10 or AEA; in the hypothalamus, Kp10 significantly increased GnRH mRNA and aromatase Cyp19, Kiss1, and Kiss1 receptor (Kiss1R) proteins. By contrast, AEA treatment affected the hypothalamic KS at the protein levels, with opposite effects on the ligand and receptor, and SR141716A was capable of attenuating the AEA effects. Among the considered non-coding RNA, only the expression of miR145-5p was positively affected by AEA but not by Kp10 treatment. Localization of Kiss1+/Kiss1R+ neurons in the arcuate nucleus revealed an increase of Kiss1R-expressing neurons in Kp10- and AEA-treated animals associated with enlargement of the lateral ventricles in Kp10-treated animals. In the brain and testis, the selected non-coding RNA was differently modulated by Kp10 or AEA. Lastly, in the testis, AEA treatment affected the KS at the protein levels, whereas Kp10 affected the intragonadal levels of CB1 and FAAH, the main modulator of the AEA tone. Changes in pubertal transition-related miRNAs and the intratesticular distribution of Kiss1, Kiss1R, CB1, and CB2 following KP and AEA treatment corroborate the KS-ECS crosstalk also showing that the CB1 receptor is involved in this interplay.

Conclusion

For the first time in mammals, we report the modulation of the KS in both the hypothalamus and testis by AEA and revealed the KP-dependent modulation of CB1 and FAAH in the testis. KP involvement in the progression of spermatogenesis is also suggested.
Risk-based optimization for facilitating the leasing services of shared energy storage among renewable energy stations
Authors: Lan Zhou , Hu Jiahua , Fang Xin , Qiu Wenxin , Li Junjie
Published: October 2023

Due to the inherent power output correlation and uncertainty, renewable energy stations normally incur the deviation penalty in the day-ahead and real-time electricity market. Meanwhile, shared energy storage operators have been appearing to provide energy storage leasing services for neighboring renewable energy stations. In this context, this paper presents a novel optimization strategy to provide leasing services for renewable energy station clusters while improving the utilization rate and revenue of shared energy storage simultaneously. Especially, the proposed strategy utilizes a two-stage optimization model to incorporate the overselling risk. In the first stage, a matching index is defined to select a cluster of wind and solar power stations in the geographically-close region, when a set of highly complementary stations are selected by matching the typical output curve of the shared energy storage. In the second stage, an optimization strategy is determined to explore the benefit and risk of overselling for shared energy storage with the goal of maximizing the total revenue, when the correlation of wind and solar power output is realized in the scenario generation and sampling process. The results of numerical experiments have demonstrated that employing a moderate overselling method can provide an economical and efficient operational solution to improving the utilization of shared energy storage.
A movement and interaction model for cyclists and other non-lane-based road users
Authors: Kaths Heather
Published: October 2023

Cyclists and other types of road users who do not adhere to lane discipline pose a challenge in microscopic traffic simulation. In most software, the models are adapted to increase the lateral flexibility of road users, either through introducing sub-lanes (SUMO) or introducing a continuous lateral axis (PTV Vissim). These solutions enable the simulation of some behaviors, such as passing within the same driving lane. However, other behaviors exhibited by these flexible road users, including switching between cycling infrastructure, the roadways, and the sidewalk, riding against the given direction of travel, and selecting unexpected pathways to cross at intersections, remain difficult to simulate. This paper presents a modeling approach for cyclists, users of micro-mobility modes, and other non-lane-based road users. This method uses the concept of guidelines, or desire lines, that represent the intended path of non-lane-based road users. Guidelines are the same in form as the center line of road (sub-)lanes. Instead of following these lines precisely, the guideline is used to determine the desired direction for the road user in the next time step, which is used as input into an adapted social force type model. The movement and interaction model is formulated based on the NOMAD model for pedestrian dynamics. The single acceleration vector is divided into a speed component and a direction component that are calibrated and validated using trajectory data from cyclists at four signalized intersections in Munich, Germany. Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) is used to estimate the model parameters and k-fold cross-validation is used to evaluate the modeling approach. The results are discussed and an outlook for future research is presented.
Adjustment of p-value expression to ontology using machine learning for genetic prediction, prioritization, interaction, and its validation in glomerular disease
Authors: Ettetuani Boutaina , Chahboune Rajaa , Moussa Ahmed
Published: October 2023

The results of gene expression analysis based on p-value can be extracted and sorted by their absolute statistical significance and then applied to multiple similarity scores of their gene ontology (GO) terms to promote the combination and adjustment of these scores as essential predictive tasks for understanding biological/clinical pathways. The latter allows the possibility to assess whether certain aspects of gene function may be associated with other varieties of genes, to evaluate regulation, and to link them into networks that prioritize candidate genes for classification by applying machine learning techniques. We then detect significant genetic interactions based on our algorithm to validate the results. Finally, based on specifically selected tissues according to their normalized gene expression and frequencies of occurrence from their different biological and clinical inputs, a reported classification of genes under the subject category has validated the abstract (glomerular diseases) as a case study.
Decoding the host–pathogen interspecies molecular crosstalk during oral candidiasis in humans: an in silico analysis
Authors: Kabir Ali Rejwan , Chaudhary Anis Ahmad , Aladwani Malak O. , Podder Soumita
Published: October 2023

Introduction: The objective of this study is to investigate the interaction between Candida albicans and human proteins during oral candidiasis, with the aim of identifying pathways through which the pathogen subverts host cells.

Methods: A comprehensive list of interactions between human proteins and C. albicans was obtained from the Human Protein Interaction Database using specific screening criteria. Then, the genes that exhibit differential expression during oral candidiasis in C. albicans were mapped with the list of human–Candida interactions to identify the corresponding host proteins. The identified host proteins were further compared with proteins specific to the tongue, resulting in a final list of 99 host proteins implicated in oral candidiasis. The interactions between host proteins and C. albicans proteins were analyzed using the STRING database, enabling the construction of protein–protein interaction networks. Similarly, the gene regulatory network of Candida proteins was reconstructed using data from the PathoYeastract and STRING databases. Core module proteins within the targeted host protein–protein interaction network were identified using ModuLand, a Cytoscape plugin. The expression levels of the core module proteins under diseased conditions were assessed using data from the GSE169278 dataset. To gain insights into the functional characteristics of both host and pathogen proteins, ontology analysis was conducted using Enrichr and YeastEnrichr, respectively.

Result: The analysis revealed that three Candida proteins, HHT21, CYP5, and KAR2, interact with three core host proteins, namely, ING4 (in the DNMT1 module), SGTA, and TOR1A. These interactions potentially impair the immediate immune response of the host against the pathogen. Additionally, differential expression analysis of fungal proteins and their transcription factors in Candida-infected oral cell lines indicated that Rob1p, Tye7p, and Ume6p could be considered candidate transcription factors involved in instigating the pathogenesis of oral candidiasis during host infection.

Conclusion: Our study provides a molecular map of the host–pathogen interaction during oral candidiasis, along with potential targets for designing regimens to overcome oral candidiasis, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.
Unidirectional alteration of methylation and hydroxymethylation at the promoters and differential gene expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Weizhi , Zhu Lin , Gong Qian , Ma Suzhen , Xiong Haofeng , Su Tong , Wan Zhengqing , Wang Danling
Published: October 2023

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. Although overall losses of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) have been previously observed, a genome-wide, single-base-resolution, and simultaneous mapping of 5mC and 5hmC in OSCC is still unaccomplished. Similarly, the mechanism of how 5mC and 5hmC collectively lead to abnormal gene expression in OSCC is largely unexplored. Using parallel whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) and whole-genome oxidative bisulfite sequencing (oxWGBS), we characterized 5mC- and 5hmC-profiles at single-nucleotide resolution in paired primary OSCC samples and their normal adjacent tissues (NATs). We also analyzed the effect of 5mC- and 5hmC-modifications on differential gene expression in OSCC using multi-omics analysis.

Results: An overall reduction of both 5mC and 5hmC in various genomic regions have been observed in OSCC samples. At promoter regions, a total of 6,921 differentially methylated regions and 1,024 differentially hydroxymethylated regions were identified in OSCC. Interestingly, compared to bidirectional modification with 5mC and 5hmC, unidirectional modification with 5mC and 5hmC at the promoters is associated with bigger change in the gene expression. Additionally, genes bearing unidirectional modification with 5mC and 5hmC at the promoters are enriched in signaling pathways like cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and receptor tyrosine kinase pathway that are essential for the tumorigenesis. Finally, the grouped expression signature of top 20 genes bearing promoter-unidirectional-modification with 5mC and 5hmC tends to correlate with the clinical outcome of certain subtypes of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Conclusion: Using parallel WGBS and oxWGBS analyses, we observed an overall reduction of 5mC- and 5hmC-modifications at various genomic regions in OSCC. Unidirectional modification with 5mC and 5hmC at the promoters is associated with enhanced changes in gene expression in OSCC tissues. Furthermore, such differentially expressed genes bearing unidirectional modifications with 5mC and 5hmC at the promoters might have clinical relevance to the outcome of OSCC.
Reclassification of variants of tumor suppressor genes based on Sanger RNA sequencing without NMD inhibition
Authors: Ha Changhee , Jang Ja-Hyun , Kim Young-gon , Kim Jong-Won
Published: October 2023

Introduction: RNA sequence analysis can be effectively used to identify aberrant splicing, and tumor suppressor genes are adequate targets considering their loss-of-function mechanisms. Sanger sequencing is the simplest method for RNA sequence analysis; however, because of its insufficient sensitivity in cases with nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), the use of cultured specimens with NMD inhibition has been recommended, hindering its wide adoption.

Method: The results of Sanger sequencing of peripheral blood RNA without NMD inhibition performed on potential splicing variants of tumor suppressor genes were retrospectively reviewed. For negative cases, in which no change was identified in the transcript, the possibility of false negativity caused by NMD was assessed through a review of the up-to-date literature.

Results: Eleven potential splice variants of various tumor suppressor genes were reviewed. Six variants were classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic based on the nullifying effect identified by Sanger RNA sequencing. Four variants remained as variants of uncertain significance because of identified in-frame changes or normal expression of both alleles. The result of one variant was suspected to be a false negative caused by NMD after reviewing a recent study that reported the same variant as causing a nullifying effect on the affected transcript.

Conclusion: Although RNA changes found in the majority of cases were expected to undergo NMD by canonical rules, most cases (10/11) were interpretable by Sanger RNA sequencing without NMD inhibition due to incomplete NMD efficiency or allele-specific expression despite highly efficient NMD.
Chinese medicine, Qijudihuang pill, mediates cholesterol metabolism and regulates gut microbiota in high-fat diet-fed mice, implications for age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Cao Yanqun , Ibrahim Khalid S. , Li Xing , Wong Aileen , Wu Yi , Yu Xu-Dong , Zhou Xinzhi , Tan Zhoujin , He Zhiming , Craft John A. , Shu Xinhua
Published: October 2023

Background

Traditional Chinese Medicines have been used for thousands of years but without any sound empirical basis. One such preparation is the Qijudihuang pill (QP), a mixture of eight herbs, that has been used in China for the treatment of various conditions including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the most common cause of blindness in the aged population. In order to explain the mechanism behind the effect of QP, we used an AMD model of high-fat diet (HFD) fed mice to investigate cholesterol homeostasis, oxidative stress, inflammation and gut microbiota.

Methods

Mice were randomly divided into three groups, one group was fed with control diet (CD), the other two groups were fed with high-fat-diet (HFD). One HFD group was treated with QP, both CD and the other HFD groups were treated with vehicles. Tissue samples were collected after the treatment. Cholesterol levels in retina, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), liver and serum were determined using a commercial kit. The expression of enzymes involved in cholesterol metabolism, inflammation and oxidative stress was measured with qRT-PCR. Gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing.

Results

In the majority of the lipid determinations, analytes were elevated by HFD but this was reversed by QP. Cholesterol metabolism including the enzymes of bile acid (BA) formation was suppressed by HFD but again this was reversed by QP. BAs play a major role in signaling between host and microbiome and this is disrupted by HFD resulting in major changes in the composition of colonic bacterial communities. Associated with these changes are predictions of the metabolic pathway complexity and abundance of individual pathways. These concerned substrate breakdowns, energy production and the biosynthesis of pro-inflammatory factors but were changed back to control characteristics by QP.

Conclusion

We propose that the ability of QP to reverse these HFD-induced effects is related to mechanisms acting to lower cholesterol level, oxidative stress and inflammation, and to modulate gut microbiota.
Lessons from mouse models in the impact of risk factors on the genesis of childhood B-cell leukemia
Authors: Casado-García Ana , Isidro-Hernández Marta , Alemán-Arteaga Silvia , Ruiz-Corzo Belén , Riesco Susana , Prieto-Matos Pablo , Sánchez Lucía , Sánchez-García Isidro , Vicente-Dueñas Carolina
Published: October 2023

B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) stands as the primary contributor to childhood cancer-related mortality on a global scale. The development of the most conventional forms of this disease has been proposed to be conducted by two different steps influenced by different types of risk factors. The first step is led by a genetic insult that is presumably acquired before birth that transforms a healthy cell into a preleukemic one, which is maintained untransformed until the second step takes place. This necessary next step to leukemia development will be triggered by different risk factors to which children are exposed after birth. Murine models that recap the stepwise progression of B-ALL have been instrumental in identifying environmental and genetic factors that contribute to disease risk. Recent evidence from these models has demonstrated that specific environmental risk factors, such as common infections or gut microbiome dysbiosis, induce immune stress, driving the transformation of preleukemic cells, and harboring genetic alterations, into fully transformed leukemic cells. Such models serve as valuable tools for investigating the mechanisms underlying preleukemic events and can aid in the development of preventive approaches for leukemia in child. Here, we discuss the existing knowledge, learned from mouse models, of the impact of genetic and environmental risk factors on childhood B-ALL evolution and how B-ALL prevention could be reached by interfering with preleukemic cells.
Assessing compatibility, tansesterification, and disintegration of PET/PLA fiber blend in composting conditions
Authors: Kheirandish Maryam , Mohaddes Mojtahedi Mohammad Reza , Nazockdast Hsossein
Published: October 2023

To recycle a blend of PET and PLA, understanding the challenging issues and crucial parameters that affect the properties and morphology of the blend is key to successful recycling. So, the main focus of this study was to investigate the parameters that influence the processability, compatibility, morphology, properties, and disintegration of PET/PLA blend fibers. Using surface tension measurements, acceptable adhesion between the two components was observed. SEM results showed that the PET/PLA blend fibers have a microfibrillar morphology. Based on 1H NMR analysis, the exchange reaction resulted in a block copolymer. The crystallization process in the fibers became more difficult as the PLA content increased due to the formation of copolymers through transesterification. The presence of oriented crystals in the melt-spun fiber blend was confirmed by X-ray diffraction patterns. As the PLA content increased, the tensile strength of the blends decreased gradually. Furthermore, the sample containing 20 wt% PLA exhibited the highest dimensional stability. The disintegration process in composting conditions for PET was improved by PLA.
Decreased risk of radiation pneumonitis with concurrent use of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors in thoracic radiation therapy of lung cancer
Authors: Zheng Yawen , Cong Changsheng , Wang Zewen , Liu Yanan , Zhang Mingyan , Zhou Hao , Su Chen , Sun Meili
Published: October 2023

Background

Radiation pneumonitis (RP) is the primary dose-limiting toxicity associated with radiotherapy. This study aimed to observe the effects of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors in Chinese patients with lung cancer who received thoracic radiation.

Methods

Patients with lung cancer who received thoracic radiation at a total dose of ≥45 Gray between October 2017 and December 2022 were enrolled in this study. We retrospectively evaluated the factors influencing grade 2 or higher RP.

Results

A total of 320 patients were enrolled in this study; 62 patients were identified as angiotensin receptor blockers or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor users. Additionally, 99 patients (30.9%) had grade 2 or higher RP, and the incidence in the renin-angiotensin system inhibitor group was 17.7% (11 out of 62 patients). Patients in the renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASi) group were older and had a higher percentage of males, lower percentage of ECOG score 0, higher percentage of hypertension, and higher percentage of adenocarcinoma than those in the non-RASi group. ECOG score [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.69, p = 0.009], history of smoking (HR = 1.76, p = 0.049), mean dose (HR = 3.63, p = 0.01), and RASi (HR = 0.3, p = 0.003) were independent predictive factors for RP. All subgroups benefited from RASi.

Conclusion

This study showed that oral RASi administration has the potential to mitigate the incidence of grade 2 or higher RP in patients with lung cancer undergoing thoracic radiotherapy. To validate and further substantiate these findings, additional prospective research is warranted.
Integrating microbial source tracking with quantitative microbial risk assessment to evaluate site specific risk based thresholds at two South Florida beaches
Authors: Gitter Anna , Gidley Maribeth , Mena Kristina D. , Ferguson Alesia , Sinigalliano Christopher , Bonacolta Anthony , Solo-Gabriele Helena
Published: October 2023

Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) can be used to evaluate health risks associated with recreational beach use. This study developed a site-specific risk assessment using a novel approach that combined quantitative PCR-based measurement of microbial source tracking (MST) genetic markers (human, dog, and gull fecal bacteria) with a QMRA analysis of potential pathogen risk. Water samples (n = 24) from two recreational beaches were collected and analyzed for MST markers as part of a broader Beach Exposure And Child Health Study that examined child behavior interactions with the beach environment. We report here the measurements of fecal bacteria MST markers in the environmental DNA extracts of those samples and a QMRA analysis of potential health risks utilizing the results from the MST measurements in the water samples. Human-specific Bacteroides was enumerated by the HF183 Taqman qPCR assay, gull-specific Catellicoccus was enumerated by the Gull2 qPCR assay, and dog-specific Bacteroides was enumerated by the DogBact qPCR assay. Derived reference pathogen doses, calculated from the MST marker concentrations detected in recreational waters, were used to estimate the risk of gastrointestinal illness for both children and adults. Dose–response equations were used to estimate the probability of the risk of infection (Pinf) per a swimming exposure event. Based on the QMRA simulations presented in this study, the GI risk from swimming or playing in water containing a mixture of human and non-human fecal sources appear to be primarily driven by the human fecal source. However, the estimated median GI health risk for both beaches never exceeded the U.S. EPA risk threshold of 32 illnesses per 1,000 recreation events. Our research suggests that utilizing QMRA together with MST can further extend our understanding of potential recreational bather risk by identifying the source contributing the greatest risk in a particular location, therefore informing beach management responses and decision-making.
Microbial degradation and assimilation of veratric acid in oxic and anoxic groundwaters
Authors: Lazar Cassandre Sara , Schwab Valérie F. , Ueberschaar Nico , Pohnert Georg , Trumbore Susan , Küsel Kirsten
Published: October 2023

Microbial communities are key players in groundwater ecosystems. In this dark environment, heterotrophic microbes rely on biomass produced by the activity of lithoautotrophs or on the degradation of organic matter seeping from the surface. Most studies on bacterial diversity in groundwater habitats are based on 16S gene sequencing and full genome reconstructions showing potential metabolic pathways used in these habitats. However, molecular-based studies do not allow for the assessment of population dynamics over time or the assimilation of specific compounds and their biochemical transformation by microbial communities. Therefore, in this study, we combined DNA-, phospholipid fatty acid-, and metabolomic-stable isotope probing to target and identify heterotrophic bacteria in the groundwater setting of the Hainich Critical Zone Exploratory (CZE), focusing on 2 aquifers with different physico-chemical conditions (oxic and anoxic). We incubated groundwater from 4 different wells using either 13C-labeled veratric acid (a lignin-derived compound) (single labeling) or a combination of 13CO2 and D-labeled veratric acid (dual labeling). Our results show that heterotrophic activities dominate all groundwater sites. We identified bacteria with the potential to break down veratric acid (Sphingobium or Microbacterium). We observed differences in heterotrophic activities between the oxic and anoxic aquifers, indicating local adaptations of bacterial populations. The dual labeling experiments suggested that the serine pathway is an important carbon assimilation pathway and that organic matter was an important source of hydrogen in the newly produced lipids. These experiments also yielded different labeled taxa compared to the single labeling experiments, showing that there exists a complex interaction network in the groundwater habitats.
Reducing the receipt of contraindicated medications in patients with Parkinson disease
Authors: Goldin Caroline , Sillau Stefan , Worledge Elisa , Bremmer Jarrett , Cummins Robbie , Tremolet de Villers Kathryn , Fullard Michelle E.
Published: October 2023

Background

The administration of antidopaminergic medications to patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) can exacerbate symptoms, and in the hospital setting, can lead to complications and increased length of stay. Despite efforts to improve medication administration through provider education and patient-centered interventions, the problem persists, with an estimated 21–43% of hospitalized PD patients receiving dopamine blocking medications.

Methods

In this study, a best practice alert (BPA) was developed that was triggered when an antidopaminergic medication was ordered in the Emergency Department or hospital for a patient with a diagnosis of PD in the EMR. The primary outcomes were receipt of a contraindicated medication, length of stay (LOS) and readmission within 30 days. These outcomes were compared between the 12 months prior to the intervention and the 12 months post intervention. Data were also collected on admitting diagnosis, admitting service, neurology involvement and patient demographics.

Results

For pre-intervention inpatient encounters, 18.3% involved the use of a contraindicated medication. This was reduced to 9.4% of all inpatient encounters for PD patients in the first 3 months post-intervention and remained lower at 13.3% for the full 12 months post-intervention. The overall rate of contraindicated medication use was low for ED visits at 4.7% pre-intervention and 5.7% post-intervention. Receipt of a contraindicated medication increased the risk of a longer length of stay, both before and after the intervention, but did not significantly affect 30-day readmission rate.

Conclusion

An EMR BPA decreased the use of contraindicated medications for PD patients in the hospital setting, especially in the first 3 months. Strategies are still needed to reduce alert fatigue in order to maintain initial improvements.
Superior semicircular canal dehiscence and subsequent closure induces reversible impaired decision-making
Authors: Mowery Todd M. , Wackym P. Ashley , Nacipucha Jacqueline , Dangcil Evelynne , Stadler Ryan D. , Tucker Aaron , Carayannopoulos Nicolas L. , Beshy Mina A. , Hong Sean S. , Yao Justin D.
Published: October 2023

Background

Vestibular loss and dysfunction has been associated with cognitive deficits, decreased spatial navigation, spatial memory, visuospatial ability, attention, executive function, and processing speed among others. Superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD) is a vestibular-cochlear disorder in humans in which a pathological third mobile window of the otic capsule creates changes to the flow of sound pressure energy through the perilymph/endolymph. The primary symptoms include sound-induced dizziness/vertigo, inner ear conductive hearing loss, autophony, headaches, and visual problems; however, individuals also experience measurable deficits in basic decision-making, short-term memory, concentration, spatial cognition, and depression. These suggest central mechanisms of impairment are associated with vestibular disorders; therefore, we directly tested this hypothesis using both an auditory and visual decision-making task of varying difficulty levels in our model of SSCD.

Methods

Adult Mongolian gerbils (n = 33) were trained on one of four versions of a Go-NoGo stimulus presentation rate discrimination task that included standard (“easy”) or more difficult (“hard”) auditory and visual stimuli. After 10 days of training, preoperative ABR and c+VEMP testing was followed by a surgical fenestration of the left superior semicircular canal. Animals with persistent circling or head tilt were excluded to minimize effects from acute vestibular injury. Testing recommenced at postoperative day 5 and continued through postoperative day 15 at which point final ABR and c+VEMP testing was carried out.

Results

Behavioral data (d-primes) were compared between preoperative performance (training day 8–10) and postoperative days 6–8 and 13–15. Behavioral performance was measured during the peak of SSCD induced ABR and c + VEMP impairment and the return towards baseline as the dehiscence began to resurface by osteoneogenesis. There were significant differences in behavioral performance (d-prime) and its behavioral components (Hits, Misses, False Alarms, and Correct Rejections). These changes were highly correlated with persistent deficits in c + VEMPs at the end of training (postoperative day 15). The controls demonstrated additional learning post procedure that was absent in the SSCD group.

Conclusion

These results suggest that aberrant asymmetric vestibular output results in decision-making impairments in these discrimination tasks and could be associated with the other cognitive impairments resulting from vestibular dysfunction.
Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome following intracranial hypotension in a postpartum patient: a case report and literature review
Authors: Li Shuhua , Yang Yi , Zuo Jiacai , Du Ningli , Kou Guoxian
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is a potentially life-threatening neurological disorder, rarely linked to intracranial hypotension. The presentation showed a patient with intracranial hypotension after peridural anesthesia who experienced RCVS during the early postpartum period, suggesting a potential involvement of intracranial hypotension in RCVS occurrence.

Case report

A young female of 29 years of age initially developed an orthostatic headache after undergoing a painless delivery with lumbar epidural anesthesia. Intracranial hypotension was considered the underlying cause. Her headache was partially resolved after intravenous fluid therapy and strict bed rest. After 2 days, the patient had a new onset thunderclap headache with generalized seizures, cortical blindness, and elevated blood pressure. An MRI scan revealed high signal intensity within the temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes, left caudate nucleus, and right cerebellum on T2-FLAIR imaging with vasogenic edema. MR angiography indicated multifocal, segmental, diffuse narrowing affecting the cerebral arteries that are large and medium. An RCVS2 score was six, and the patient was diagnosed with RCVS. She was managed conservatively, quickly improving her symptoms. After 10 days, a follow-up MRI indicated a significant reduction in the abnormal signal, and a substantial resolution of the constriction of the cerebral artery constriction was confirmed by MR angiography.

Conclusion

Intracranial hypotension could potentially lead to RCVS in postpartum patients, and it may be triggered by cerebral vasospasm secondary to intracranial hypotension.
High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation for upper extremity rehabilitation in moderate-to-severe ischemic stroke: a pilot study
Authors: Williamson Jordan N. , James Shirley A. , He Dorothy , Li Sheng , Sidorov Evgeny V. , Yang Yuan
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Previous studies found that post-stroke motor impairments are associated with damage to the lesioned corticospinal tract (CST) and hyperexcitability of the contralesional cortico-reticulospinal tract (CRST). This proof-of-concept study aims to develop a non-invasive brain stimulation protocol that facilitates the lesioned CST and inhibits the contralesional CRST to improve upper extremity rehabilitation in individuals with moderate-to-severe motor impairments post-stroke.

Methods

Fourteen individuals (minimum 3 months post ischemic stroke) consented. Physician decision of the participants baseline assessment qualified eight to continue in a randomized, double-blind cross-over pilot trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05174949) with: (1) anodal high-definition transcranial direct stimulation (HD-tDCS) over the ipsilesional primary motor cortex (M1), (2) cathodal HD-tDCS over contralesional dorsal premotor cortex (PMd), (3) sham stimulation, with a two-week washout period in-between. Subject-specific MR images and computer simulation were used to guide HD-tDCS and verified by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) induced Motor Evoked Potential (MEP). The motor behavior outcome was evaluated by an Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity score (primary outcome measure) and the excitability of the ipslesoinal CST and contralesional CRST was determined by the change of MEP latencies and amplitude (secondary outcome measures).

Results

The baseline ipsilesional M1 MEP latency and amplitude were correlated with FM-UE. FM-UE scores were improved post HD-tDCS, in comparison to sham stimulation. Both anodal and cathodal HD-tDCS reduced the latency of the ipsilesional M1 MEP. The contralesional PMd MEP disappeared/delayed after HD-tDCS.

Discussion

These results suggest that HD-tDCS could improve the function of the lesioned corticospinal tract and reduce the excitability of the contralesional cortico-reticulospinal tract, thus, improving motor function of the upper extremity in more severely impaired individuals.