bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interorganizational Information Sharing: Collaboration during Cybersecurity Threats
Authors: Solansky Stephanie T. , Beck Tammy
Published: March 2021

Information sharing is examined to determine if the willingness to share information relates to the willingness to collaborate in interorganizational actions used to address cybersecurity threats. This study employs ANOVA by placing 85 organizational representatives that participated in a cyber terrorism training exercise into two categories: higher versus lower willingness to share information. The dependent measures in this study are proxies for collaboration measured by willingness to seek assistance from other organizations and willingness to offer assistance to other organizations. There is a significant statistical difference between the two categorizations of organizational representatives. The category that had a lower tendency to share information also had a lower willingness to collaborate with other organizations. This research shows that sharing information is critical when collaborative interorganizational action is required to face cybersecurity threats. Managers of organizations that respond to cybersecurity threats should promote the tendency to share information with other organizations that have the resources to aid in addressing the threat. Organizations involved in cybersecurity threats that are willing to share information are more willing to participate in integrative interorganizational efforts. This study includes a sample of actual decision makers of organizations that would handle cybersecurity attacks in their community. In this study, we demonstrate the role of information sharing for enhancing integrative, collaborative action in a time where promoting this type of action is imperative to cybersecurity initiatives.
Effect of nanosecond electropulse effects on the properties of the alloy Cu-1.75% Cr
Authors:   Institute of Metallurgy, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ignatiev Igor E. , Kotenkov Pavel V. ,   Institute of Metallurgy, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ignatieva Elena V. ,   Institute of Metallurgy, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Goyda Eduard Yu. ,   Institute of Metallurgy, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krymsky Valery V. ,   South Ural State University
Published: March 2021

The hardness, electrical resistance, deformation resistance of the Cu-1.75%Cr alloy obtained by irradiating its melt at a temperature of one thousand three hundred and fifty degrees Celsius by nanosecond unipolar electrical pulses of one thousand Hertz, a single signal duration of one nanosecond and ten kilowatts were experimentally determined. The dependences of the determined properties of the metal on the duration of the electric pulse irradiation are established. A comparison was made between irradiated and unirradiated, but obtained under the same thermal and temporal conditions, alloy samples. An improvement was observed in both mechanical (increase in hardness up to eight percent) and electrical (decrease in electrical resistance to fourteen and a half percent) characteristics due to electric pulse effect on the melt. It was found that the best time for electropulse treatment is from five to ten minutes. It is shown that the effect of irradiation of the Cu-1.75%Cr melt on the electrical resistance of the resulting alloy and its hardness differs from the results of irradiation of the Cu-1%Cr melt, but retains the same tendencies in changing properties. A significant difference was found in the hardness values of unirradiated samples of Cu-1.75%Cr and Cu-1%Cr alloys. A model of the connection of electrical resistance and hardness of Cu-Cr alloys with the redistribution of chromium in their volume is proposed. The results of melt processing by nanosecond unipolar electric pulses are presented in the form of microstructure snapshots, tables, and mathematical formulas. On the basis of the obtained results, it was concluded that the proposed model is useful for assessing the quality of Cu-Cr system alloys from the standpoint of increasing their hardness and decreasing electrical resistance, including after electropulse treatment of the corresponding melts.
Chemical bath synthesis of metal chalcogenide films. Part 41. Effect of Sr2+ ions on deposition kinetics, composition and morphology of PbS thin films
Authors:   Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Maskaeva Larisa N. , Bogatova Polina S. ,   Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Kutyavina Anastasia D. ,   Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Babchenko Yury A. ,   Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Markov Viacheslav F. ,   Ural State Fire Service Institute of Emergency Ministry of Russia
Published: March 2021

Lead sulphide thin films are one of the most sensitive materials in the visible and near-IR spectral ranges (0.4-3.0 μm) and due to this, they are widely used in optoelectronics. One of the most promising methods for the synthesis of this semiconductor material is chemical bath deposition from aqueous solutions. At the same time, doping additives used to improve the properties of the deposited films. In this paper, we consider the effect of strontium cations Sr2+ on the deposition kinetics of the solid lead sulfide phase, as well as on the thickness, morphology and elemental composition of chemically produced PbS films. According to the results of the study of the precipitation kinetics of PbS(Sr) solid phase, it was found that the introduction of strontium chloride into the reactor inhibits the formation of PbS solid phase during the deposition of PbS films and contributes to a significant increasing of the induction period of its formation. Polycrystalline films of lead sulfide were synthesized by hydrochemical precipitation from the ammonium-citrate reaction mixture with the addition of ammonium iodide and strontium chloride on substrates of glass and glass. The thickness of the films obtained decreased from 400 nm for individual PbS to 350 nm for doped with iodine PbS (I). The thickness reduced from 300 to 150 nm with an increase in the content of strontium chloride in the reaction mixture from 5∙10-5 to 5∙10-3 mol/l. The EDX analysis has observed that PbS, PbS(I) and PbS(I,Sr) films have deficient in sulfur, the iodine content decreases from 1.4 to 1.0 at.% when strontium enters in the semiconductor structure. Electron microscopy has shown that adding ammonium chloride to the reactor leads to crushing of crystallites with a clear edges and an average size of grains for individual PbS film from 300 nm up to ~150 nm. The minimum salt content of strontium (5∙10-5 mol/l) increases by ~2 times the proportion of nanoparticles forming the PbS (I, Sr) film, and at the maximum concentration (5∙10-3 mol/l) their content is slightly reduced from 14 to 11%.
Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the content of phenolic compounds and their derivatives in the rhizome of Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv
Authors:   Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology of RAS, Grigoryev Roman O. , Chirikova Nadezhda K, ,   Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Olennikov Daniil N. ,   Institute of General and Experimental Biology
Published: March 2021

Since ancient times, it is known that all types of ginseng were widely used in Eastern folk medicine as a cure for many diseases. All species of the genus Panax, including Panax vietnamensis, contain saponins, but the phenolic composition has not been studied to date. Vietnamese ginseng is characterized by a unique composition of triterpene glycosides, among which the glycosylated derivatives of the rare triterpene aglycone, okothylol, are predominant. It is the only evergreen among ginsengs. As you know, a single plant can have different types of biological activity due to the content of different groups of biologically active compounds with a wide range of physicochemical properties and causing different pharmacological effects. Obviously, phenolic compounds along with other secondary metabolites in Panax vietnamensis have a phytotherapeutic effect on the human body. The purpose of this work is to expand the knowledge of the scientific community about the synthesized compounds, in particular about phenolic compounds that accumulate in the rhizomes of Panax vietnamensis. In this paper, the results of a study on the qualitative (method HPLC-DMD-MS) and quantitative content of phenolic compounds (Folin-Cicalteu method) of the roots of Panax vietnamensis were presented for the first time. These results can be very interesting for scientists involved in the synthesis of secondary metabolites, growing callus and suspension cell cultures in vitro ginseng and other ginseng species, as well as for pharmaceutical and cosmetic companies producing various consumer products for the population based on Vietnamese ginseng. This work will expand the scientific community’s knowledge of secondary metabolites synthesized by the rhizome Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv.
Assessment of the biodegradability of polymer based on polyacrylates
Authors:   Kazan National Research Technological University, Galimzyanova Leysan R. , Vdovina Tatiana V. ,   Kazan National Research Technological University, Kobeleva Yoldyz V. ,   Kazan National Research Technological University, Galkina Natalia V. ,   ELTEKH, OOO
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the assessment of biodegradability of polymer based on acrylic acid and its copolymers, used as an impregnation of paper napkins, by microorganisms of soil and activated sludge biocenosis. Experimental studies were carried out with 10%, 1%, 0.1%, 0.01%, 0.001% and 0.0001% aqueous solutions of polymer based on acrylic acid. The assessment of the biodegradation ability of polyacrylates by microorganisms of soil biocenosis and activated sludge was carried out on the basis of changes in the respiratory activity of microbiocenoses under conditions of introduction into the soil and waste water, respectively, of the analyzed polymer samples based on acrylic acid and its derivatives. Based on the changes in the respiratory activity of microorganisms in the presence of polymers, it was revealed that polyacrylates are biodegradable and can be used by soil microbiocenosis and activated sludge microbiocenosis as a substrate. The results of quantitative counting of microorganisms of activated sludge by the method of limiting dilutions in the process of long-term cultivation in the presence of polymer samples correlate with the results of determining the respiratory activity of microbiocenoses and indicate the possibility of using polyacrylates by microorganisms as a substrate. In the process of experimental studies, it was proved that in the aquatic environment both large respiratory activity of microorganisms at low concentrations of the polymer and a higher inhibitory activity of the polymer at its high concentrations than in the soil are observed. The results indicate the promise of using solutions of polyacrylates as impregnation of paper napkins, since the methods of processing and disposal of used napkins meet the requirements of environmental friendliness.
An algorithm for determination of a diffusion layer in powder elements
Authors:   Federal Government Enterprise «State Scientific-Research Institut of Chemical Products», Khalikova Gulnur R. , Eneykina Tatiana A. ,   Federal Government Enterprise «State Scientific-Research Institut of Chemical Products», Gatina Roza F. ,   Federal Government Enterprise «State Scientific-Research Institut of Chemical Products»
Published: March 2021

It has been developed an algorithm for determination of a depth of the deterred zone in the double base ball powders (BP) with a high nitroglycerine (NGL) content (up to 18 % by mass); this parameter was determined using the powder of ССНф 35/3.80 mark. The image of the surface of the studied powder sample was taken with an electron microscope. A sequence of a preparation of the surface of the thin section was determined, which was treated initially by the concentrated sulfuric acid with the resorcinol dissolved in it. The duration of the treatment with the concentrated sulfuric acid was established by means of the experiments. The optimum duration of the treatment with the acid is 2 minutes. Then the surface of the sample was washed with the hot distilled water and treated by 5% solution of the KOH. Thus, the treatment of the surface of the thin section by the acid with the resorcinol allowed not only to reveal the boundary between the deterred layer of the powder elements and the matrix, but also to remove the remaining particles of the abrasive and the defects of polishing, that is the sulfuric acid acted as a reagent of the chemical pickling. In order to clarify the surface of the thin section, observed in the microscope, it was treated with the crystal violet. The intensive green fluorescence is observed when the preparation is treated with the stated indicator. This additional treatment of the surface of the thin section with the crystal violet allowed to make the boundary between the deterred layer of the powder elements and the matrix more defined. The photomicrographs of the studied sample of the double base ball powder of ССНф 35/3.80 mark, presented in this paper, confirm the possibility of using of the following compounds, such as the concentrated sulfuric acid with the resorcinol and the crystal violet indicator instead of the iodine or the bromine for a determination of a depth of a deterrent penetration.
Impact of a high rainfall event on the water level, current velocity, and total suspended solids in tidal flats environments of the estuarine Cruces River wetland, south-central Chile
Authors: Manzano Mario , Jaramillo Eduardo , Pino Mario
Published: March 2021

The effects of a sudden rainfall (40 mm d-1) event on the surface waters covering muddy tidal flats were studied during April 2016 at the estuarine Cruces River wetland in south-central Chile (~40ºS). The study area included flooded vestigial tree trunks, which is evidence of coseismic subsidence associated with the 1960 Valdivia earthquake as a source of environmental variability. The tidal flat with vestigial tree trunks registered the fastest and highest depth of inundation. In contrast, the tidal currents velocity and total suspended solids' concentrations were higher at the flat without trunks. Sudden rainfall events can significantly modify the characteristics of surface waters above sedimentary intertidal surfaces, where structures such as flooded trunks are present.
Characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains and evaluation of shrimp cultivation conditions in a farm at the northwestern of Mexico, as risk predictors for its adaptation and dissemination
Authors: Gámez-Bayardo Sergio , Castañeda-Ruelas Gloria Marisol , Espinosa-Plascencia Angélica , Bermúdez-Almada María del Carmen , Jiménez-Edeza Maribel
Published: March 2021

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is recognized as a human pathogen as well as the causative agent of vibriosis in shrimp. This study determined the pathogenic, antimicrobial, and biotic potential of V. parahaemolyticus isolated from white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) and seawater on a northwestern Mexico farm. A total of 140 samples were randomly collected, including juvenile organisms (n = 120) and seawater (n = 20). The pH, salinity, and biota of the ponds were used to correlate with bacterium presence. The strains were characterized by virulence genes presence, biofilm formation capacity, antimicrobial sensitivity, and the kinetics growth using PCR, microplates method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and spectrophotometry, respectively. V. parahaemolyticus was detected in 7.1% of the samples with a mean concentration of 3.72 ± 1.24 log CFU mL-1; 6.7% (8/120) in shrimp and 10.0% (2/20) in seawater. Cultivation conditions were not predictive of the specie (P > 0.05). V. parahaemolyticus showed an adaptation time of 1.0 h, and a growth rate of 0.375 h-1 in seawater at 30ºC. The strains were classified into two pathotypes: tlh+/tdh-/trh-/AP2- (75%) and tlh+/tdh-/trh-/AP2+ (25%) and three resistant profiles to clinical drugs (ampicillin, amikacin, gentamicin, and netilmicin). The MIC values against oxytetracycline (OTC), florfenicol (FFC) and enrofloxacin (ENRO) were >0.50, >0.25 and >0.06 μg mL-1, respectively. Biofilm formation was a property identified in 40% of the strains. The presence of infectious V. parahaemolyticus with high adaptative potential justifies integrating integrated aquaculture practices and management to control pathogen growth and shrimp health.
Temporal dynamics of the phytoplankton community associated with environmental factors and harmful algal blooms in Acapulco Bay, Mexico
Authors: Cervantes-Urieta Victor A. , Trujillo-Tapia Ma. Nieves , Violante-González Juan , Moreno-Díaz Giovanni , Rojas-Herrera Agustín A. , Rosas-Guerrero Víctor
Published: March 2021

The phytoplankton community's temporal variability associated with environmental factors and harmful algal blooms in Acapulco Bay was analyzed. Phytoplankton samples were taken monthly at three sites (MSL: Morro de San Lorenzo, CDO: Casa Díaz Ordaz, and PP: Playa Palmitas) over 11 months in 2018. The physical and chemical variables of surface water were measured in situ, and the composition and community structure of phytoplankton were analyzed. The physical and chemical characteristics studied varied significantly. The highest temperatures were obtained in September and October (September: 29.6 ± 3.58°C, October: 34.61 ± 1.83°C), whereas the highest salinities and chlorophyll-a concentrations occurred from February to May (salinity: 34.06 ± 0.38, chlorophyll-a: 2.73 ± 0.15 μg L-1). The highest oxygen concentrations were recorded during the rainy season (June 91.8% and December 100%). A total of 201 phytoplankton species were identified: 94 diatoms, 101 dinoflagellates, 4 cyanobacteria, and 2 silicoflagellates. Diatoms dominated during the rainy season, whereas dinoflagellates dominated during the dry season (June to December). A total of 17 harmful species were identified; four toxin-producing species included a diatom genus (Pseudonitszchia sp.) and three dinoflagellate species (Gymnodinium catenatum, Dinophysis caudata, and Phalacroma rotundata). One species that produces oxygen reactive species and hemolysis (Margalefidinium polykrikoides) caused a harmful algal bloom at the CDO and PP stations. The temperature is one of the most critical factors for its bloom in October.
Specimens of the Pacific longnose chimaera Harriotta raleighana Goode & Bean 1895 from the Mexican Pacific in scientific collections of Mexico and the world
Authors: Medina-Rosas Pedro , Raymundo-Huizar Alma
Published: March 2021

Chimaeras are cartilaginous fish that live in waters more than 200 m deep. There are two species in the Rhinochimaeridae family, where only one, Harriotta raleighana, occurs in Mexican waters. It is considered a rare species for the country because of the number of observations and specimens collected in the Mexican Pacific, from Baja California to Colima, starting more than 100 years ago. This work integrates for the first time the published and unpublished information of this species for this region. Only seven specimens have been collected; they are deposited in different scientific collections of Mexico and the USA. Interestingly, none of these specimens were collected during surveys since all have been collected incidentally by fishermen. There is currently one specimen missing from a collection, a relevant issue due to its rareness. Samples must be deposited and preserved adequately for further studies about this rare and other deep-sea species, that improves the knowledge of the Mexican marine diversity.
Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Analysis of Canal Transportation and Centering Ability of Three Different Nickel-Titanium Rotary File Systems
Authors: Kapse Balaji Sopanrao , Nagmode Pradnya S. , Vishwas Jayshree Ramkrishna , Karpe Hrishikesh B. , Basatwar Harshal V. , Godge Shubham P.
Published: March 2021

AIM: The aim of the present study was to compare the canal transportation and centering ability of three rotary nickel-titanium file systems, HyFlex controlled memory, Revo-S, and Mtwo in moderately curved root canals using computed tomography (CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty freshly extracted single-rooted teeth having curved root canals with at least 10°–20° of curvature were selected. The teeth were divided into three experimental groups of ten each. After preparation with HyFlex CM (Coltene-Whaledent, Allstetten, Switzerland), Revo-S (Micro-Mega, Besançon, France), and Mtwo (VDW, Munich, Germany) all teeth were scanned using CT to determine the root canal shape. Pre- and post-instrumentation images were obtained at three levels, 3 mm apical, 9 mm middle, and 15 mm coronal above the apical foramen were compared using CT software. Amount of transportation and centering ability were assessed. The three groups were statistically compared with analysis of variance and post-hoc Tukey’s honestly significant difference test. RESULTS: Least apical transportation and higher centering ability were seen in HyFlex CM file system in all the three sections followed by Revo-S, Mtwo file system showed maximum transportation. CONCLUSIONS: According to the present in-vitro study, we can conclude that HyFlex CM rotary file systems showed least canal transportation and highest centering ability as compared to Revo-S and Mtwo file system but there was no statistically significant difference among these file systems (p > 0.05) at coronal, middle, and apical level of root canal.
The RelationsThe Relationship between Lifestyle with the Risk of Diabetes Mellitus in Staff and Lecturers of Universitas Megarezky
Authors: Irwansyah Irwansyah , Kasim Ilcham Syarief , Bohari Bohari
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND: An unhealthy lifestyle can lead to high cases of diabetes mellitus, especially in adults and adolescents.
AIM: This study aims to determine the relationship between lifestyle and the risk of diabetes mellitus.
METHODS: This research is a cross-sectional study. The population in this study was 198 with a sample of 91 respondents, obtained using purposive sampling technique.
RESULTS: There were 50 (55%) respondents who had a good lifestyle and 41 (45%) had a poor lifestyle. There were 53 (58%) respondents who are at risk for diabetes mellitus, 38 (42%) respondents were not at risk, and there is the relationship between lifestyle with diabetes risk with p = 0.00.
CONCLUSION: Staff and lecturers Universitas Megarezky have a higher risk of developing diabetes mellitus. An unhealthy lifestyle is a risk factor for diabetes mellitus in staff and lecturers at Universitas Megarezky.
Three new subterranean species of Baezia (Curculionidae, Molytinae) for the Canary Islands
Authors: García Rafael , Andújar Carmelo , Oromí Pedro , Emerson Brent , López Heriberto
Published: March 2021

The genus Baezia Alonso-Zarazaga & García, 1999 is endemic to the Canary Islands, where four species were known to date. Based on morphological evidence, three new species of Baezia are described in this study: Baezia aranfaybo García & López, sp. nov. from El Hierro island, and Baezia madai García & Oromí sp. nov. and Baezia tizziri García & Andújar, sp. nov. from La Palma island. Notes on their biology, habitat, and distribution are presented. The number of taxa in this endemic Canarian genus increases to seven eyeless species. One species has been reported from the soil (endogean environment), with the other six associated with caves and the mesovoid shallow substratum (hypogean or subterranean environment). Frequent association with the presence of roots suggests that species of Baezia may inhabit the continuum represented by the endogean and hypogean environments. Identification key to the seven species are provided.
A multilocus assessment reveals two new synonymies for East Asian Cyclommatus stag beetles (Coleoptera, Lucanidae)
Authors: Yuan Jiao Jiao , Chen Dan , Wan Xia
Published: March 2021

Cyclommatus scutellaris Möllenkamp, 1912, Cyclommatus elsae Kriesche, 1921 and Cyclommatus tamdaoensis Fujita, 2010 are East Asian stag beetle species with long-debated taxonomic relationships due to high intraspecific morphological variability. In this study, we applied multilocus phylogenetic analyses to reassess their relationships. Two mitochondrial genes (16S rDNA, COI) and two nuclear genes (28S rDNA, Wingless) were used to reconstruct the phylogeny through the Bayesian inference (BI) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) methods. Both topologies supported two clades: the clade C. scutellaris was sister to the clade (C. elsae + C. tamdaoensis) with the subclade C. tamdaoensis embedded in the subclade C. elsae. The Kimura 2-parameter (K2P) genetic distance analysis yielded a low mean value (≤0.035) among the three taxa, which was well below the minimum mean value between other Cyclommatus species (≥0.122). We also compared the accuracy and efficiency of two approaches, GMYC and ABGD, in delimitating the three lineages. The result shows that ABGD is a better approach than GMYC. Our molecular data recognizes the three species as different populations of a single species, ranging from Taiwan Island to the continent. Therefore, we propose two new junior synonyms for C. scutellaris: C. tamdaoensis, syn. nov. and C. elsaesyn. nov.
Négocier l’élargissement de la sécurité à l’ONU : la protection du patrimoine culturel par les opérations de maintien de la paix
Authors: Leloup Mathilde
Published: March 2021

L’intégration de la protection du patrimoine culturel dans le mandat de la mission des Nations Unies au Mali (MINUSMA) a été rendue possible par la résolution 2100 du Conseil de sécurité. Cette dernière a fait l’objet d’une forte médiatisation orchestrée par l’UNESCO. Pour cette agence spécialisée, il s’agit d’un tournant dans l’histoire du maintien de la paix dans la mesure où pour la première fois, le Conseil de sécurité a reconnu la destruction des sites culturels comme une menace contre «  la paix et la sécurité internationales  ». Fondée sur une méthodologie qualitative liant une observation participante à une série d’entretiens réalisés au sein du secrétariat de l’ONU, cette contribution analyse la manière dont la question du patrimoine culturel, bien qu’apparaissant comme un enjeu minime de la négociation portant sur la résolution 2100, a pu agir comme le révélateur de tensions structurelles au sein du multilatéralisme. Au Conseil de sécurité, cet enjeu a donné à voir l’opposition entre les conceptions française et russe du maintien de la paix. Dans le système onusien, il a mis au jour la volonté du personnel de l’UNESCO de repositionner cette agence en en faisant un interlocuteur direct du Conseil de sécurité et ainsi, un acteur à part entière de la réponse aux situations de crises internationales.
Género, coautorías, e impacto: las publicaciones de investigadores peruanos en biología (1994 – 2017)
Authors: Málaga-Sabogal Lucía , Sagasti Francisco
Published: March 2021

Este estudio explora el papel del género en las redes de coautoría, el impacto de los artículos escritos por dos o más autores, y la influencia de los artículos de alto impacto en las carreras académicas de los investigadores. Para este fin considera a los investigadores de biología peruanos con publicaciones en la colección principal de Web of Science y en el índice de citaciones de SciELO, así como las hojas de vida de los autores de publicaciones con mayor impacto. Se encontró un significativo desbalance en la cantidad de hombres y mujeres investigadores que publican, y que las mujeres tienden a publicar menos. No se detectaron preferencias de género en las redes de coautoría, pero sí que las mujeres ocupan en menor medida posiciones de alta intermediación, aquellas que son claves para direccionar el flujo de información en estas redes. Por último, el haber publicado una investigación de alto impacto se relaciona con el ascenso para los investigadores jóvenes, tanto hombres como mujeres.
From Rap to Trap: The Khaliji Migrant Finds his Aesthetic
Authors: Kareem Mona
Published: March 2021

This article explores the trajectories and artistic productions of Arabic‑speaking hip hop artists of migrant background in the Gulf countries (especially the UAE and Saudi Arabia). More specifically, the article describes the recent emergence of a new hip hop scene led by second‑generation migrants, whose lyrics appear as more politicized than those of citizen rappers. While these artists face criticism by local audiences on the basis of their foreign origins – often used to delegitimize their position – the article suggests that hip hop provides them with a language to express their specific experiences as migrants– the informal neighborhoods they grew up in; their critical takes on kafīl‑s, the police, and systematic exclusion; or their experiences of unemployment and discrimination. The article further suggests that these very experiences grant their artists the “street credit” that citizen rappers would lack.The article looks both at tracks and videoclips produced by the rappers as well as some of the discourses held about them– in the media and in the comments section of YouTube videos or online forums. It also points toward a number of issues – the question of how ethnicity and social class are mobilized in the lyrical, linguistic, and parodic creativity of the songs, and in controversies and discourses surrounding the artists; the question of state intervention, either through financially co‑opting the cultural industry or through censorship; the question of migrant experiences, that are rarely expressed elsewhere, and how they are made visible through hip hop productions.
UAE Filmmaking beyond Arabization, Cosmopolitanism, and Exceptionalism
Authors: Hudson Dale
Published: March 2021

More than 60 feature‑length narrative films have been produced in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) since the first in 1988. Few, however, have generated an excitement to suggest Emirati filmmaking may become popular culture. The first supported by the state‑owned media company, Image Nation Abu Dhabi, was Djinn (2013), staged local folklore of a female djinn under the direction of a Hollywood filmmaker. It was lampooned by critics and largely ignored by audiences. This article considers how and when Emirati filmmaking might become part of a UAE film culture by revaluating frameworks that define UAE film audiences and by comparing two films that feature Emirati citizens, alongside Arab, European, and South Asian expatriates to move discussions beyond Arabization, cosmopolitanism, and exceptionalism.
The Mamluk Sultanate and the Mamluks seen by Ibn Taymiyya: between Praise and Criticism
Authors: Berriah Mehdi
Published: March 2021

Indubitably, Ibn Taymiyya is among those medieval Muslim theologians who have aroused the most interest in modern Western and Arab scholarship. This interest in Ibn Taymiyya has led to the production of a considerable number of academic works. While his fatwas and positions on dogmatic, legal, philosophical, and political questions are beginning to become well‑known, his position and vision concerning Mamluk power have been less frequently investigated. Paradoxically, close reading of the Mamluk sources shows that the authors of the period provided a fairly accurate account of the variable relations maintained by Ibn Taymiyya with certain great figures of the sultanate. However, his considerations of Mamluk power remain poorly understood. Based on an examination of the writings of Ibn Taymiyya and his contemporaries, this article attempts to shed light on the position of the famous Ḥanbalī theologian vis‑à‑vis the Mamluk Sultanate and the Mamluks in relation to religion and governance.
Machine Learning Based Intrusion Detection System
Authors: Pandey Ashish , Badal Neelendra
Published: March 2021

Security is one of the fundamental issues for both computer systems and computer networks. Intrusion detection system (IDS) is a crucial tool in the field of network security. There are a lot of scopes for research in this pervasive field. Intrusion detection systems are designed to uncover both known and unknown attacks. There are many methods used in intrusion detection system to guard computers and networks from attacks. These attacks can be active or passive, network based or host based, or any combination of it. Current research uses machine learning techniques to make intrusion detection systems more effective against any kind of attack. This survey examines designing methodology of intrusion detection system and its classification types. It also reviews the trend of machine learning techniques used from past decade. Related studies comprise performance of various classifiers on KDDCUP99 and NSL-KDD dataset.
The Incorporation of Big Data in Mathematical Training for the Fourth Industrial Revolution
Authors: Ruiz Jésica Alhelí Cortés , Ruiz Sandra Viridiana Cortés
Published: March 2021

The context of Industry 4.0 is changing the training of mathematical students, new and old generations, in such a way that educational institutions implement strategies and actions to adapt study plans according to the requirements of the new industrial revolution. On the other hand, big data is a cybernetic system that functions as a tool that incorporates mathematical training and implementation and that has recently been included in the educational sphere in order to collaborate with the development of specific competencies based on information technologies and communication, with the purpose of interacting in the intelligent environments proposed by Industry 4.0.
Statistics in the Mathematics Curricula in Bulgaria
Authors: Sugareva Marta Zdravkova , Mourgova Mariana Koleva
Published: March 2021

Living in the 21st century brings new challenges for the educational system, especially that which concerns education in mathematics, statistics, and technologies. In this chapter, recent problems of teaching statistics in schools in Bulgaria are discussed. The present state of the mathematics curriculum is presented, namely in the section “Probabilities and statistics”; some existing problems are discussed, and recommendations are made for further improvement of the teaching material. The objective of the study is to provide ground for increasing the statistical literacy of the younger generation through a more comprehensive and more up-to-date education in school.
Technopreneurship Development
Authors: Masenya Tlou Maggie
Published: March 2021

South Africa's unemployment rate is among the highest in the world with the youth being the most affected by joblessness and accounting for 63.3% of the total number of unemployed persons. A comprehensive strategy for youth employment as part of a broader focus on expanding employment is therefore necessary. This chapter assessed the status of technopreneurship development and identified key variables that determine a successful technopreneurship. Theory U, entrepreneurship orientation, and triple helix models were reviewed to better understand the drivers of technopreneurship development. The study identified barriers to effective technopreneurship development including inadequate funding to support young technopreneurs, weak linkages between stakeholders, lack of awareness in technopreneurship opportunities, lack of infrastructure, lack of appropriate mentors and role models. The chapter further proposed a conceptual model for successful technopreneurship development.
Management and Strategies for Digital Enterprise Transformation, E-Government, and Digital Divide
Authors: Pires Carla
Published: March 2021

e-Government (e-Gov) involves the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to achieve political goals. Innovative ICTs should be integrated in e-Gov and e-business services to maximize their potentialities/efficiency and to reduce costs. Currently, diverse conceptual models of e-Gov are purposed. These models are applied to understand and optimize governance processes. Globally, it is possible to identify a gap between e-Govs and digital enterprise transformation of developed and developing countries. Digital divisions are closely related to a gap between citizens, families, and businesses regarding the access to ICT and internet in different regions. Are the international recommendations on e-government, digital division and management, and strategies for digital enterprise transformation producing successful outputs? This study aims (1) to describe and analyze international recommendations on e-government, digital division and management, and strategies for digital enterprise transformation and (2) to present practical cases.
A Securities Settlement Model Using Blockchain Technology for Central Securities Depository
Authors: Calitz Andre P. , Greyling Jean H. , Everett Steve
Published: March 2021

Post-trade securities settlements entered the electronic age between 1980 and 2000. The introduction of technologies such as secure electronic messaging, and improvements in database technology, enabled the inception of central securities depositories (CSDs) as trusted third parties or intermediaries within the securities settlements post-trade landscape. The study reported in this chapter has a focus on CSDs and the application of the blockchain technology to securities settlements. The objective is to develop a model for securities settlements using blockchain technology for a CSD, as currently, globally, no CSD has introduced a production-ready blockchain-based solution for securities settlements. A conceptual model was created from the reported literature that was evaluated by international post-trade securities professionals. The findings have resulted in the acceptance of the main components of the model, with a focus on the cost of the solution, and with the identification of prerequisites to such a solution (e.g., legal/regulatory enablement).
Sustainable Business Models of Companies
Authors: Spoz Anna
Published: March 2021

In a quest for sources of competitive advantage, an insightful tracking and tracing of the changes that take place in their micro and macro environment is a core competence for enterprises to catch up with market trends. Social and economic changes as well as the growing awareness of the negative anthropogenic impact on the climate and the environment increasingly make today's business models evolve towards sustainability. The aim of this chapter is to analyze the concept of a sustainable business model based on the literature review and then to distinguish the driving and limiting factors behind its implementation in enterprises. Based on an empirical study carried out, a diagnosis will be put forward for the awareness of enterprises as regards the business model pursued and the willingness to integrate social, environmental, and governance aspects. The research methods used in this study relied on critical literature review; descriptive, analytic, and synthetic methods; along with in-depth interviews.
Public Policies and the Role of State vs. Sustainable Business Models and Corporate Sustainability
Authors: Gonet Wojciech
Published: March 2021

The chapter examines the scope of public administration participation in ensuring that entrepreneurs comply with the principles of sustainable development. It was found that the activities of the state administration in this regard may consist in providing entrepreneurs with the status of applying ESG and CSR principles in their activities, then checking compliance with these principles, informing consumers about the consequences of using products and services produced by the entrepreneurs using the ESG and CSR principles. It was determined that the expectation for the application of ESG and CSR principles can also apply to public administration, which in its activity can contribute to environmental protection by reducing energy consumption in various forms, as well as improving social relations by eliminating corruption.
Scale Analysis for Optimal Pattern Formation in Flow Systems
Authors: Miguel Antonio Ferreira
Published: March 2021

The occurrence of flow pattern can be predicted based on constructal law. Scale analysis is a method for deriving the essential information based on the basic principles of fluid flow and heat transfer. It provides order-of-magnitudes but also the form of the functions that describe the quantities understudy. In flow systems, patterns (configuration, design, architecture) arise from competition between competing trends, at least two modes of transport or locomotion: slow (diffusion, walk, etc.) and fast (streams, run, etc.). Optimal patterns mean the best flow access and the best balance between these trends. The study presented here follows from the scale analysis together with constructal and, is illustrated by examples from simple water heating to human locomotion.
Expert recommendations on the role of macrolides in chronic respiratory diseases
Authors: Dhar Raja , Talwar Deepak , Singh Virendra , Dumra Harjit , Rajan Sujeet , Jindal S K
Published: March 2021

Background:

India contributes to 32% of the total global disability-adjusted life years, due to chronic respiratory diseases. This has led to a high rate of health loss from these diseases. Antibiotics are commonly used in the management of respiratory disorders. With excellent tissue penetration, prolonged tissue persistence, and favorable side effect profile, macrolides are one of the best treatment options being recommended for respiratory, urogenital, dermal, and other bacterial infections. Still, there is a lack of clinical trial data on the use of macrolides in the management of respiratory chronic disease, and hence, there is a need for clinical guidance on their use in Indian setting.

Methods:

A systematic review of the literature was conducted on PubMed, Cochrane database, and Google Scholar. Existing guidelines, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-RCTs, landmark studies, and key-cited articles were selected. Recommendations were based on available evidence and expert panel's logical empiricism and consensus.

Results and Discussion:

This article discusses evidence-based and clinical practice based management of chronic respiratory conditions including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, bronchiectasis, diffusive panbronchiolitis, and organizing pneumonia. The authors reviewed different respiratory conditions, role of macrolides in their management, adverse events and antimicrobial resistance associated with macrolides, evidence review of various clinical trials, guideline recommendations, and clinical recommendations.
Planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy and lithology of the Upper Cretaceous (upper Campanian-Maastrichtian) and Palaeogene succession of the Palmyrides (Syria)
Authors: Premec-Fućek Vlasta , Hernitz Kučenjak Morana ,   INA-industrija nafte d.d., Zagreb, Pecimotika Gabrijela ,   INA-industrija nafte d.d., Zagreb
Published: March 2021

An upper Campanian to upper Oligocene stratigraphic succession has been examined from six deep exploration wells in the Palmyrides area of Syria. Most of the sedimentary succession contains rich and well to moderately preserved planktonic foraminiferal assemblages that enable successful age determination. The upper Campanian and Maastrichtian planktonic fauna is highly diverse with domination of warm water taxa such as Globotruncana aegyptiaca, Gansserina gansseri, Globotruncanella havanensis, Globotruncanita angulata and Pseudotextularia elegans. The most dramatic turnover occurred across the Cretaceous/Palaeocene boundary when most planktonic foraminiferal species became extinct. The oldest Palaeocene planktonic foraminiferal assemblage, rich in the number of specimens, but not very diverse, includes the following species: Eoglobigerina eobulloides, Globanomalina archeocompressa, Chiloguembelina morsei, Woodringina claytonensis and Parasubbotina pseudobulloides. The late Palaeocene is marked by origination of the morozovellids, acarininids and globanomalinids, while the early Eocene is characterized by a tropical assemblage, dominated by muricate species, and by intensive speciation of Acarinina and Subbotina in the latest part. Most of these species continue into the middle Eocene and become a significant component of the planktonic community. The middle Eocene is characterized by intensive speciation and domination of warm water genera such as Acarinina, Morozovelloides, and to a lesser degree Turborotalia, Globigerinatheka and Hantkenina. The middle/late Eocene boundary is marked by double extinction of the last muricate taxa Acarinina mcgowrani and Morozovelloides crasssatus, which indicate a variable climate, water column instability, and loss of surface habitats. In contrast, Turborotalia and Globigerinateheka become more important in the late Eocene. The Eocene/Oligocene boundary is marked by the extinction of most warm water taxa including Turborotalia cerroazulensis group, Hantkenina, Globigerinatheka and some subbotinids. The beginning of the early Oligocene is indicated by the domination of cool water taxa such as Dentoglobigerina, Globorotaloides, Tenuitella and Chiloguembelina. Speciation of the spinose surface dweller Ciperoella ciperoensis group reflects warming in the late Oligocene. The combined observations of lithology with the diversity and composition of planktonic foraminifera assemblages indicate that the Palmyrides area in Syria was a Tethyan bioprovince with a tropical to subtropical climate from the late Campanian to the end of the Eocene with deposition in deep sea environments (upper bathyal to outer shelf). In contrast, Oligocene deposits and their microfossil content suggest temperate to warm climate conditions and sedimentation in middle to inner shelf environments.
Базис типа Гельфанда-Цетлина для алгебры $\mathfrak{sp}_4$ и гипергеометрические функции
Authors: Artamonov Dmitrii Vyacheslavovich
Published: March 2021

Рассматривается реализация представлений алгебры Ли $\mathfrak{sp}_4$ в пространстве функций на группе $Sp_4$. Найдена функция, соответствующая базисному вектору типа Гельфанда-Цетлина для алгебры $\mathfrak{sp}_4$, построенному Желобенко. Эта функция выражается через $A$-гипергеометрическую функцию. Развивая новую технику работы с такими функциями, аналитическими средствами удается найти формулы для действия генераторов алгебры в этом базисе (ранее это известно не было). Формулы оказываются сложнее формул действия генераторов в базисе типа Гельфанда-Цетлина, построенном Молевым.