bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Degradação térmica de tijolo fabricado com solo e manipueira
Authors: Araújo Narcísio Cabral de , Queiroz Abílio José Procópio , Ramos Alana Pereira , Santos Renato Correia dos , Buriti Josué da Silva , Gomes Antônia Araújo
Published: June 2022

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a degradação térmica de tijolo produzido com argila vermelha e manipueira. As análises foram realizadas seguindo os métodos da termogravimetria (TG) e calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC), os quais foram repetindos com tijolos convencionais para avaliação comparativa dos resultados e a diferentes razões de aquecimento. As amostras compostas por 92% de argila e 8% de água (AA) e 92% de argila e 8% de manipueira (AM) apresentaram baixa estabilidade térmica, com perda média 7,93% da massa, ocorrendo degradação entre a temperatura ambiente e 1000 ºC, sendo visível e aceitável afirmar que ocorrem em três etapas de perda associadas à volatilização dos solventes, maior para AA, e à queima do material orgânico, maior para AM, principalmente, bem como dos óxidos formados durante o processo. Pelas curvas DSC foram identificadas uma reação endotérmica, associada à primeira perda de massa, e duas reações na região intermediária da curva, uma endotérmica e uma exotérmica, ligadas a segunda perda.
Semantic Segmentation of building point clouds based on Point Transformerand IFC
Authors: Wei S. , Gao G. , Ke Z. , Fan G. , Liu Y. , Gu M.
Published: June 2022

In the process of building construction, the semantic understanding of building point clouds provides potential solutions for efficient building quality supervision, progress monitoring, and sub-system deviation analysis.However, the lack of suitablepubliclabeled datasets, the low degree of color discrimination and the particularity of multi-system coexistencein construction scenes have brought certain challenges to semantic segmentation of point clouds.Butrich semantic information in related Industry Foundation Classes(IFC)can be used to synthesize effective labeled data.Our main contributions are as follows:1) We propose asynthetic conversion method from BIM model to point cloud, andconstructa synthetic dataset for construction scenesbased on IFC. 2)We segment the colorless point cloud of the construction sceneintofivetypes (IfcSlab, IfcBeam, IfcWall, IfcColumn, IfcDistributionFlowElement) with Point Transformerand use focal loss to improve the segmentation accuracy of small-area componentswith synthetic data for data enhancement.
A Redundancy-free IFC Storage Platform For Multi-model Scenarios based on Block Hash
Authors: Li S. , Gao G. , Wang W. , Liu H. , Zhu S. , Gu M.
Published: June 2022

This paper proposes a block hash (BH) method for efficiently storing multipleIndustry Foundation Classes (IFC) models in the database. We find that there are lots of duplicationswhenwe store different models or different versions of a modelinto the databasebecause of the temporal-spatial correlation of data between these models. The main idea of our approach is to divide these model files into appropriate blocks andto calculate the hash valuesof theseblocks to reuse the them in different models. These blocks should not be too small in case too many nodes need to be compared, nor should they be too large in case it is difficult to find identical blocks to share between different models.So the BH method is proposed to efficiently make the database redundancy-free. For the experiments we use multi-versions of multiple models of a same project to validate this method.The experimental results showthat our method is practicable and efficient.
An Efficient and Resilient Digital-twin Communication Framework for Smart Bridge Structural Survey and Maintenance
Authors: Gao Y. , Li H. , Xiong G.
Published: June 2022

A bridge digital twin (DT) is expected to be updated in near real time during inspection and monitoring but is usually subject to massive heterogeneous data and communication constraints. This work proposes an efficient framework for a bridge DT with decreased communication complexity to achieve updates synchronously and provide feedback to the physical bridge in time. The integrated edge computing and non-cellular long-distance wireless communication enable DT resilience when cloud servers become unresponsive due to the loss of internet connection. This framework is validated by different scenarios for DTs in support of bridge inspection and monitoring. It is demonstrated that the framework can enable dynamic interaction between on-site inspection and online bridge DT during the survey as well as knowledge transfer among different sectors in time. It can also support local decision-making on a single bridge as well as regional dynamic coordination for multiple bridges without cloud-server involvement.
Computation of Ranges in Interval-based Constraint-Geometry of Building Models
Authors: Kirchner J.
Published: June 2022

Determining the optimal design of geometry in building models is an essential task for architects and engineers. Although many constraints are considered, only a small part is currently integrated into digital models as design knowledge. Current software products do not support the declarative approach of creating constraints and permissible ranges to parameter values. The reason is the algorithmic complexity in analyzation and evaluation of such a constraint model. In this paper the problem is summarized and a solution for the computation of possible ranges is presented. It makes use of existing algorithms. This research is part of the so-called geometric constraint satisfaction problem (GSCP). Although former approaches exist, they weren’t applicable to the general case. The success of this approach is shown for a selected example. Future steps are discussed. These would be required for a modelling software benefitting from this approach.
Nuevas aportaciones sobre el taller de los Tosquella (1368-1446), imagineros mallorquines
Authors: Cerdà Garriga Magdalena
Published: June 2022

Este artículo se centra en el estudio de uno de los talleres de la escultura en madera más destacados del Gótico en Mallorca, los Tosquella, activos entre 1368 y 1446. Tras un análisis de la documentación que nos permite conocer las vertientes laboral y social de estos escultores, el texto se orienta hacia su vertiente productiva. A partir del análisis del retablo gótico de la Seu, se propone la atribución de un conjunto de obras de imaginería conservadas en la isla, a saber, un grupo de seis Crucificados y tres esculturas marianas.
Kant: los cuatro momentos de la libertad moral
Authors: Rivera de Rosales Jacinto
Published: June 2022

Según el texto kantiano podemos descubrir cuatro momentos en la realización de la libertad moral: el de la posibilidad originaria de ser libre, el acto que Kant describe como el mal radical, el acto contrario de conversión interior al bien, y el largo proceso de la virtud que se extendería hasta la inmortalidad. Aparecen además cuestiones como el doble concepto del mal moral en Kant y la temporalidad práctica. La libertad moral se sitúa en el individuo, en sus decisiones, en las máximas o principios que dirigen su acción, si bien la comunidad es el ámbito donde tiene lugar.
The Scottish Gaelic linguistic toolkit
Authors: Lamb William , Boizou Loic
Published: June 2022

A linguistic analyser for tagging, lemmatisation and parsing of Scottish Gaelic texts. Morphological and syntactic analyses are available directly from the webpage (through the text area window) or as a web service. A simple tagger option using a restricted tagset is also provided. LANGUAGE DATA. The tagger was trained with the ARCOSG corpus (https://github.com/Gaelic-Algorithmic-Research-Group/ARCOSG) using Conditional Random Fields with scikit-learn (https://scikit-learn.org). The lemmatiser was build on the top of a lexicon provided by Michael Bauer and Will Robertson (www.faclair.com). The integrated UDPipe parser (http://ufal.mff.cuni.cz/udpipe) was trained with link2 option on Colin Batchelor's UD Gaelic Treebank (https://universaldependencies.org/). OUTPUT FORMAT. Vertical tabular: - simple tabbed text for direct html page results, - simple tabbed text file or conllu file for web service results. Grammatical information encoded through ARCOSG tagset and UD tagset. EVALUATION. Full tagger accuracy of 90.7% (measured on about 4.6% of the ARCOSG corpus) Simple tagger accuracy of 94.7% (measured on about 4.6% of the ARCOSG corpus) Lemmatisation and Parsing not evaluated yet.
Serologic Status of Newcastle Disease in Native Chickens by Hemagglutination Inhibition Test
Authors: Adlawon Arlyn Jave B. , Lopez Sean Michael A. , Vilela Katrina Mae T.
Published: June 2022

Newcastle disease (NCD) is a poultry disease caused by avian Paramyxovirus type 1, characterized by gastrointestinal, respiratory and neurological symptoms. The study established the prevalence of NCD in native chickens and evaluated the protection levels of vaccinated chickens. Blood serum samples were subjected to hemagglutination inhibition test. A total of 75 blood samples were collected from five sites in Davao City: 60 samples from four unvaccinated native chicken farms, and 15 from a vaccinated broiler farm. Results showed seven (7) unvaccinated native chickens with positive titer levels ranging from 2 to 32, of which two(2) were considered significant, indicating protection even without an elicited immune response. This cannot be simply attributed to environmental factors considering uniform exposure of other individuals to similar conditions but exhibited no positive titers. The significant titer count of vaccinated samples ranging from 16 to 128 is attributed to their vaccination history. Differences in titer levels despite similar vaccine administration indicate a disparity in levels of protection due to different individual antibody immune responses, and efficacy of vaccines. Analysis by Chi-square goodness of fit test showed no difference in the titer levels of native chickens, which was expected as they did not have previous exposure to NCD and most had no titers.
Fabrication of Improvised Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells from Mangosteen Pericarp Extract
Authors: Mendoza Leonel , Marquez Jermaine Ritzchelle , Cabaral Nora C.
Published: June 2022

Recent researches are geared towards finding alternative sources of renewable energy and solar power seems to be an attractive avenue and currently, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) have gained worldwide attention. This study aimed to fabricate DSSC that makes use of an improvised conductive glass, with zinc oxide in nappy cream as photoanode and mangosteen pericarp extract as a sensitizer. It sought to find the effect of DSSC processing on the conductivity and performance in terms of current, voltage, and power density generated, and evaluate its stability. Ordinary 1/8" mirror was made conductive glass by stripping the gray coat with very fine sandpaper then heating to remove the orange coat. Conductivity was good (2.1 ohms) and etching with povidone-iodine provided transparency for the photoanode. The DSSCs were capable of producing a mean current of 0.0007 mA and mean voltage of 2.8670 mV that last for ninety minutes. The present study showed DSSCs could be constructed using indigenous materials. Further research is needed for finding ways to improve its efficiency and lifespan. By knowing the principles of the DSSCs, and enhancing the innovativeness and creativity of the current DSSC, researchers can overcome the lack of expensive materials and equipment for future studies.
Controlled Release of Nutrients for Soil Productivity- A Review
Authors: Rehana M. R. , Gladis R. , Joseph Biju
Published: June 2022

The nutrient release from conventional chemical fertilizers to the soil are lost continuously through leaching, runoff, volatilisation, denitrification etc and also most of the time they do not satisfy the plant requirements without the continuous application. These issues have caused economic loss as well as environmental pollution due to hazardous emissions and water eutrophication. Controlled release of nutrients through the application of slow/controlled release fertilizers and nanofertilizers are possible solutions, which provides their nutrients according to the requirement of crops. Release of nutrients from controlled release fertilizers are delayed by means of coating the soluble fertilizer core with porous semipermeable membrane. A variety of coating materials are developed for the preparation of controlled release fertilizers. The longevity of controlled release fertilizers (CRFs) depends upon the thickness of coating, temperature and moisture content. Nano technology is an emerging field, which also produce nanofertilizers based on CRFs are used for the increment of active fertilizer material in the field, as they present large surface area for the release of required nutrients to the plant in a controlled manner. Controlled release of nutrients has profound influence on soil properties and yield parameters of crops. The use of controlled release fertilizers (CRFs) starts to evolve as a promising direction offering an excellent means to improve management of nutrient application and by this reducing significantly environmental threats while maintaining high crop yields of good quality. Controlled release fertilizers allow the release of nutrients to be better matched with the life cycle of the plant.
Estimation of Reference Evapotranspiration in Bhavanisagar Block of Tamil Nadu Using FAO ETo Calculator
Authors: Rajavel M. , Guhan V. , Vakeswaran V. , Bhuvaneswari K. , Gowtham R. , Priyanka S.
Published: June 2022

The FAO Penman-Monteith equation is used by the ETo calculator software to calculate reference evapotranspiration – ETo from meteorological data. FAO chose this technique as the standard because it is physically based, roughly approximates grass ETo in the studied region, and explicitly considers both physiological and aerodynamic aspects. The application can handle climate data on a daily, ten-day, and monthly basis. The data may be supplied in a variety of units, and it can be analyzed using regularly used meteorological parameters. In this study, ETo calculator version 3.2 is used to estimate the ETo in Bhavanisagar. The results revealed that, it is possible to estimate ETo by using the ETo calculator. The concept of the reference evapotranspiration was introduced in this study and the result obtained are used further to estimate the evaporative demand of the atmosphere independently of crop type, crop development and management practices.
Soil Test based Targeted yield equations for blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) through Integrated Plant Nutrition System on Alfisol
Authors: Sankari E. Amutha , Santhi R. , Gopalakrishnan M. , Maragatham S. , Gnanamalar R. P.
Published: June 2022

Using Ramamoorthy's inductive methodology for assessing the soil test based crop requirement by adopting an Integrated Plant Nutrition System to create Fertilizer Prescription Equations (FPEs) for blackgram with the prime objective of attaining the targeted yield by the farmers. A field experiment was conducted out on red non-calcareous sandy loam soil belonging to the Palaviduthi soil series (Typic Rhodustalf) during rabi 2021-22. The experiment comprised of eleven treatments viz., STCR - NPK alone and STCR - IPNS for yield targets 1.0,1.2,and 1.4 t ha-1, Blanket (25:50:25) @ 100% with and without FYM (12.5 t ha-1), FYM alone @ 6.25 and 12.5 t ha-1 and absolute control in randomized block design with three replications. From the experimental data, basic parameters viz., nutrient requirement (NR), per cent contribution from soil (Cs), per cent contribution from fertilizers (Cf), and per cent contribution from FYM (Cfym) were computed. The quantity of fertilizers contributed by the application of Farmyard manure was assessed. It has been found that the nutrient requirement for producing one quintal grain of blackgram was 4.77 kg of N, 4.50 kg of P2O5, and 5.05 kg of K2O. The per cent contribution from soil (Cs) was 15.61, 29.91, and 8.12 for N, P, and K respectively and the percent contribution from fertilizers (Cf) and FYM (Cfym) was 48.61 and 37.19 for N, 44.78, and 14.63 for P2O5 and 55.72 and 31.71 for K2O. FPEs for blackgram were generated using these basic parameters through a Soil Test Crop Response based Integrated Plant Nutrition System (STCR-IPNS). Fertilizer Prescription Equations (FPEs) created in this mode were used to create nomograms for a range of soil test values and yield targets. Thus the Inductive cum Targeted Yield Model used to develop fertilizer prescription equations provides a strong basis for soil nutrient maintenance consistent with high productivity and efficient nutrient management in farming for sustainable and enduring agriculture.
Polyethylene Glycol Conjugation for Solubility Enhancement of Cefadroxil, a Poorly Soluble Antibiotic
Authors: Jyothi B. Jeevana , Keerthana Y. , Reddy N. Deekshita
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Cefadroxil is the most widely used antibiotic for many bacterial infections but has the drawback of poorly solubility. In an attempt to provide an easier technique which can be scaled up on large scale to provide a simple method to enhance its aqueous solubility, this present work has exploited polyethylene glycol conjugation to enhance its aqueous solubility of cefadroxil.

Objective: The main aim of the work is preparation of Polyethylene glycol conjugates of cefadroxil by solvent evaporation technique and to evaluate its solubility enhancement by solubility analysis and to assess drug content uniformity, drug - excipient interaction studies by FTIR spectroscopy.

Methodology: Polyethylene glycol conjugates of cefadroxil are prepared by solvent evaporation technique using PEG 6000. Five conjugates of Cefadroxil to PEG6000 taken in weight proportions of (1:0.5), (1:1), (1:2) (1:3) and (1:4) were prepared.

Results: Reasonable enhancement of solubility of cefadroxil was evidenced from all the prepared polyethylene glycol conjugates of cefadroxil. Among all CFDL: PEG 6000 (1:4) evidenced high percentage solubility of 81±0.61. IR spectrum of  CFDL: PEG6000 (1:4) evidenced disappearance of amide group of cefadroxil indicating conjugate formation which is reversible to release cefadroxil to exhibit its therapeutic effect

Conclusion: Polyethylene glycol conjugates of cefadroxil can be prepared easily by solvent evaporation and the conjugate made by weight proportion of CFDL: PEG 6000 (1:4) enhances solubility of cefadroxil by 88% and is promising to be used in formulations cefadroxil with enhanced dissolution and bioavailability.
College Students' Extracurricular Reading and Talents Cultivation in China: Based on a Survey in South China University of Technology
Authors: Zhou Jianxin
Published: June 2022

College students' extracurricular reading is conducive to all-round development of talents, therefore, current extracurricular reading situation of college students is worth studying. A survey on college students’ extracurricular reading is conducted with 938 questionnaires distributed to randomly chosen year 1-5 college students from every colleges in South China University of Technology(SCUT). Based on survey results drawn by data statistics from 836 valid questionnaires, this paper sums up characteristics and existing problems of college students' extracurricular reading, and puts forward some suggestions. The survey finds that, although current college students are willing to do extracurricular reading, and have also strong self-learning ability, they, affected by heavy academic burdens and temptation of network, are forced to do extracurricular reading mainly in dormitory or bathroom in the evening, at night or at weekend, and their time in reading non profession-related books are less, their reading quantities are small and without a reading plan, with which students are dissatisfactory. Therefore, measures should be taken as follows in universities and colleges: further promote an awareness of the relationship between extracurricular reading and talents all-round development, timely adjust curriculum to allow students more extracurricular self-study time, appropriately guide students in making extracurricular reading plan, so as to enhance college student’s extracurricular reading time, quantity and efficiency, to make extracurricular reading in better service for talents cultivation.
Environmental Outcomes Associated With Transition From In-Person to a Virtual Oncology Conference During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lichter Katie E. , Drew Taylor , Demeulenaere Sasha , Wong Emily , Mohamad Osama , Yom Sue S. , Bagshaw Hilary P.
Published: June 2022

This cohort study characterizes the potential environmental benefit associated with the transition from in-person professional conference attendance to virtual conference attendance before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Secondary Analyses of the Childhood Adenotonsillectomy Trial
Authors: Decuzzi Julianna , Redline Susan , Isaiah Amal
Published: June 2022

Importance

Adenotonsillectomy, performed for approximately 500 000 children annually in the US alone, is the first line of treatment of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The Childhood Adenotonsillectomy Trial (CHAT), the first randomized clinical trial to test the efficacy of adenotonsillectomy, compared the management of pediatric nonsevere OSA by early adenotonsillectomy (eAT) vs watchful waiting with supportive care. Since the publication of the primary article in 2013, the CHAT study data set were made available via the National Sleep Research Resource, which allowed researchers to address a range of additional clinical questions relevant to the care of children with OSA. This review focuses on secondary analyses associated with the CHAT data set as grouped by the outcome of interest.

Observations

The results of most secondary analyses suggest that children who underwent eAT experienced the greatest improvements in symptom burden, sleepiness, parent-reported behavior, and quality of life. Changes in other domains, such as cognition, cardiovascular physiology, and metabolic indicators, were modest and selective. The associations between most treatment outcomes and polysomnographic parameters were weak. Symptoms were poor predictors of OSA severity. The results from these secondary analyses benefitted from the rigor of multicenter design and centralized polysomnography interpretation in CHAT. However, the exclusion of younger preschool-aged children and children with primary snoring limited the generalizability of findings. In addition, because caregivers were not masked, some of the parent-reported outcomes may have been inflated.

Conclusions and Relevance

The results of this narrative review suggest that CHAT provides a model for future OSA-related studies in children for design, conduct, and subsequent reuse of the study data set, and its findings have advanced our understanding of the pathophysiology and management of pediatric nonsevere OSA. Directions for future research include whether the findings from this landmark study are generalizable to younger children and children with primary snoring and severe OSA. Similar studies may help address practice variability associated with pediatric OSA and help identify children who are most likely to benefit from undergoing eAT.
Conversational recommendation: A grand AI challenge
Authors: Jannach Dietmar , Chen Li
Published: June 2022

Animated avatars, which look and talk like humans, are iconic visions of the future of AI‐powered systems. Through many sci‐fi movies, we are acquainted with the idea of speaking to such virtual personalities as if they were humans. Today, we talk more and more to machines like Apple's Siri, for example, to ask them for the weather forecast. However, when asked for recommendations, for example, for a restaurant to go to, the limitations of such devices quickly become obvious. They do not engage in a conversation to find out what we might prefer, they often do not provide explanations for what they recommend, and they may have difficulties remembering what was said 1 min earlier. Conversational recommender systems (CRS) promise to address these limitations. In this paper, we review existing approaches to building such systems, which developments we observe today, which challenges are still open and why the development of conversational recommenders represents one of the next grand challenges of AI.
The Origin of Moiré‐Level Stick‐Slip Behavior on Graphene/h‐BN Heterostructures
Authors: Huang Ke , Qin Huasong , Zhang Shuai , Li Qunyang , Ouyang Wengen , Liu Yilun
Published: June 2022

Frictional behavior of a nanoscale tip sliding on superlattice of aligned graphene/(hexagonal boron nitride) h‐BN heterostructure is found to be strongly regulated by the moiré superlattices, resulting in long‐range stick‐slip modulation in experimental measurements. Through molecular dynamics simulations, it is shown that the origin of moiré‐level stick‐slip comes from the strong coupling between in‐plane deformation and out‐of‐plane distortion of the moiré superlattice. The periodicity of long‐range modulation decreases as the interfacial twist angle increases, once the periodicity of moiré becomes smaller than the contact region between the tip and graphene, the long‐range modulation becomes smooth and the stick‐slip behavior disappears. It is found that the contact trajectory of the tip during sliding is the key to reveal the underlying mechanism, based on which a modified Prandtl‐Tomlinson model is proposed considering deformation coupled effect to reproduce the frictional properties observed in molecular dynamics simulation. These findings emphasize the critical role of the moiré superlattice on frictional properties of van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures and open an avenue for the rational design of vdW devices with controllable tribological properties.
New Approaches to Produce Large‐Area Single Crystal Thin Films
Authors: Kim Geonwoo , Kim Dongbeom , Choi Yoonsun , Ghorai Arup , Park Gyeongbae , Jeong Unyong
Published: June 2022

Wafer‐scale growth of single crystal thin films of metals, semiconductors, and insulators is crucial for manufacturing high‐performance electronic and optical devices, but still challenging from both scientific and industrial perspectives. Recently, unconventional advanced synthetic approaches have been attempted and have made remarkable progress in diversifying the species of producible single crystal thin films. This review introduces several new synthetic approaches to produce large‐area single crystal thin films of various materials according to the concepts and principles.
Plasmonic Nanoagents in Biophysics and Biomedicine
Authors: Huergo Maria‐Ana , Schuknecht Francis , Zhang Jinhua , Lohmüller Theobald
Published: June 2022

The significant rise in implementation and applications of plasmonic nanosystems in biophysics, biochemistry, and medicine has culminated in the emergence of refined plasmonic enabling reagents, or “nanoagents”. These are defined as tools that allow researchers to not only investigate, but also actively manipulate biological processes and complex biosystems, such as living cells, on the nanoscale. This development is based on a combination of sensing capabilities, photothermal control, and optical force manipulation offered by metallic nanoparticles. The article reviews the trajectory that plasmonic nanoagents have taken in recent years and highlights seminal recent examples of their application, such as optical sensing both in vitro and in vivo, optical control of biomolecular interactions and protein function, the manipulation of lipid membrane properties, and the possibility of guiding cellular behavior
Iron(III)‐Catalyzed Difluoroalkylation of Aryl Alkynes with Difluoroenol Silyl Ether in the Presence of Trimethylsilyl Chloride
Authors: Guo Meng‐Meng , Song Xuan‐Di , Liu Xiang , Zheng Ya‐Wen , Chu Xue‐Qiang , Rao Weidong , Shen Zhi‐Liang
Published: June 2022

The reaction of non‐fluorinated silyl enol ether with alkyne is useful for the synthesis of β,γ‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds. However, most of the existing methods for realizing such organic transformation usually employ stoichiometric amounts of relatively expensive Lewis acids/metallic salts. Herein, an iron(III)‐catalyzed difluoroalkylation of aryl alkynes with difluoroenol silyl ether was developed. The reactions proceeded smoothly in the presence of a catalytic amount of iron(III) chloride, stoichiometric amounts of trimethylsilyl chloride, and 4 Å molecular sieves in dichloroethane (DCE) to afford the corresponding α‐alkenyl‐α,α‐difluoroketones in modest to good yields. Remarkably, among the various metallic salts screened, cheap and less‐toxic iron(III) salt was found to be the most efficient Lewis acid catalyst for the present reaction. In addition, in the absence of iron(III) chloride or trimethylsilyl chloride, either no reaction occurred or considerably reduced reaction performance was observed. Moreover, the use of Brønsted acid to replace iron(III) chloride as reaction catalyst failed to promote the reaction. The reaction could be scaled up and the obtained difluoroalkylated carbonyl compound serves as a versatile building block which could be subjected to late‐stage diversification to be converted into useful organic molecules containing CF2H and CF2CF2 moieties. Deuterated experiments showed that the proton in the generated alkene product should originate from trace amounts of water present in the reaction system.

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Co2V2O7@Ti3C2Tx MXene Hollow Structures Synergizing the Merits of Conversion and Intercalation for Efficient Lithium Ion Storage
Authors: Zheng Yihe , Gao Xiaoliang , Miao Chunyang , Dai Henghan , Xia Zhongming , Wang Huifang , Yao Zhenjie , Zhou Jinyuan , Sun Gengzhi
Published: June 2022

Rechargeable batteries are deemed as green and efficient energy storage systems and have drawn great attention during past decades. Despite the commercial applications of lithium‐ion batteries, the ever‐increasing demands for higher energy storage capability driven by the rapid development of portable/wearable electronics remain unsatisfied due to the low theoretical capacity of the commonly used graphite anode. Herein, a material design strategy by synergizing the merits of conversion‐type Co2V2O7 and intercalation‐based Ti3C2Tx MXene for efficient lithium‐ion storage is reported. The Co2V2O7@MXene hollow polyhedrons are synthesized by ion exchange, surface modification, and the subsequent electrostatic assembly. Benefiting from the high conductivity and mechanical robustness of the MXene sheath, the high theoretical capacity of Co2V2O7, and the unique hollow structure, the optimized hybrids deliver a high output capacity of 949.7 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, excellent rate capacity with 431.4 mAh g−1 retained at 5.0 A g−1, as well as outstanding cycling stability.
From the ground up: Creating and leading fellowship programs in emergency medicine
Authors: Beaulieu Allison M. , Bambach Kimberly , Bandolin N. Shakira , Barnes David , Messman Anne , Papanagnou Dimitrios , Rathlev Niels K. , Reznek Martin A. , Schnapp Benjamin , King Andrew M.
Published: June 2022

Background

A methodical and evidence‐based approach to the creation and implementation of fellowship programs is not well described in the graduate medical education literature. The Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM) convened an expert panel to promote standardization and excellence in fellowship training. The purpose of the expert panel was to develop a fellowship guide to give prospective fellowship directors the necessary skills to successfully implement and maintain a fellowship program.

Methods

Under direction of the SAEM Board of Directors, SAEM Education Committee, and SAEM Fellowship Approval Committee, a panel of content experts convened to develop a fellowship guide using an evidence‐based approach and best practices content method. The resource guide was iteratively reviewed by all panel members.

Results

Utilizing Kern's six‐step model as a conceptual framework, the fellowship guide summarizes the construction, implementation, evaluation, and dissemination of a novel fellowship curriculum to meet the needs of trainees, educators, and sponsoring institutions. Other key areas addressed include Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and nonaccredited fellowships, programmatic assessment, finances, and recruitment.

Conclusions

The fellowship guide summarizes the conceptual framework, best practices, and strategies to create and implement a new fellowship program.
Associations of Vascular Risk and Amyloid Burden with Subsequent Dementia
Authors: Gottesman Rebecca F. , Wu Aozhou , Coresh Josef , Knopman David S. , Jack Clifford R. , Rahmim Arman , Sharrett A. Richey , Spira Adam P. , Wong Dean F. , Wagenknecht Lynne E. , Hughes Timothy M. , Walker Keenan A. , Mosley Thomas H.
Published: June 2022

Objective

Midlife vascular risk factors (MVRFs) are associated with incident dementia, as are amyloid β (Aβ) deposition and neurodegeneration. Whether vascular and Alzheimer disease‐associated factors contribute to dementia independently or interact synergistically to reduce cognition is poorly understood.

Methods

Participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities–Positron Emission Tomography study were followed from 1987–1989 (45–64 years old) through 2016–2017 (74–94 years old), with repeat cognitive assessment and dementia adjudication. In 2011–2013, dementia‐free participants underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (with white matter hyperintensity [WMH] and brain volume measurement) and florbetapir (Aβ) positron emission tomography. The relative contributions of vascular risk and injury (MVRFs, WMH volume), elevated Aβ standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR), and neurodegeneration (smaller temporoparietal brain regions) to incident dementia were evaluated with adjusted Cox models.

Results

In 298 individuals, 36 developed dementia (median follow‐up = 4.9 years). Midlife hypertension and Aβ each independently predicted dementia risk (hypertension: hazard ratio [HR] = 2.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.16–5.67; Aβ SUVR [per standard deviation (SD)]: HR = 2.57, 95% CI = 1.72–3.84), but did not interact significantly, whereas late life diabetes (HR = 2.50, 95% CI = 1.18–5.28) and Aβ independently predicted dementia risk. WMHs (per SD: HR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.03–2.20) and Aβ SUVR (HR = 2.52, 95% CI = 1.83–3.47) independently contributed to incident dementia, but WMHs lost significance when MVRFs were included. Smaller temporoparietal brain regions were associated with incident dementia, independent of Aβ and MVRFs (HR = 2.18, 95% CI = 1.18–4.01).

Interpretation

Midlife hypertension and late life Aβ are independently associated with dementia risk, without evidence for synergy on a multiplicative scale. Given the independent contributions of vascular and amyloid mechanisms, multiple pathways should be considered when evaluating interventions to reduce the burden of dementia. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:607–619
Chiral RuII‐PtIIComplexes Inducing Telomere Dysfunction against Cisplatin‐Resistant Cancer Cells
Authors: Xiong Kai , Ouyang Cheng , Liu Jiaqi , Karges Johannes , Lin Xinlin , Chen Xiang , Chen Yu , Wan Jian , Ji Liangnian , Chao Hui
Published: June 2022

The application of G‐quadruplex stabilizers presents a promising anticancer strategy. However, the molecular crowding conditions within cells diminish the potency of current G‐quadruplex stabilizers. Herein, chiral RuII‐PtIIdinuclear complexes were developed as highly potent G‐quadruplex stabilizers even under challenging molecular crowding conditions. The compounds were encapsulated with biotin‐functionalized DNA cages to enhance sub‐cellular localization and provide cancer selectivity. The nanoparticles were able to efficiently inhibit the endogenous activities of telomerase in cisplatin‐resistant cancer cells and cause cell death by apoptosis. The nanomaterials demonstrated high antitumor activity towards cisplatin‐resistant tumor cells as well as tumor‐bearing mice. To the best of our knowledge, this study presents the first example of a RuII‐PtIIdinuclear complex as a G‐quadruplex stabilizer with an anti‐cancer effect towards drug‐resistant tumors inside an animal model.
DNA Origami‐Based Single‐Molecule CRISPR Machines for Spatially Resolved Searching
Authors: Hao Yaya , Li Mingqiang , Zhang Qian , Shi Jiye , Li Jiang , Li Qian , Fan Chunhai , Wang Fei
Published: June 2022

Repurposing the RNA‐guided endonuclease Cas9 to develop artificial CRISPR molecular machines represents a new direction toward synthetic molecular information processing. The operation of CRISPR‐Cas9‐based machines, nevertheless, relies on the molecular recognition of freely diffused sgRNA/Cas9, making it practically challenging to perform spatially regulated localized searching or navigation. Here, we develop a DNA origami‐based single‐molecule CRISPR machine that can perform spatially resolved DNA cleavage via either free or localized searching modes. When triggered at a specific site on the DNA origami with nanoscale accuracy, the free searching mode leads to searching activity that gradually decays with the distance, whereas the localized mode generates spatially‐confined searching activity. Our work expands the function of CRISPR molecular machines and lays foundations to develop integrated molecular circuits and high‐throughput nucleic acid detection.
Designing Nanostructured 3D Printed Materials by Controlling Macromolecular Architecture
Authors: Shi Xiaobing , Bobrin Valentin A. , Yao Yin , Zhang Jin , Corrigan Nathaniel , Boyer Cyrille
Published: June 2022

Nanostructured polymeric materials play important roles in many advanced applications, however, controlling the morphologies of polymeric thermosets remains a challenge. This work uses multi‐arm macroCTAs to mediate polymerization‐induced microphase separation (PIMS) and prepare nanostructured materials via photoinduced 3D printing. The characteristic length scale of microphase‐separated domains is determined by the macroCTA arm length, while nanoscale morphologies are controlled by the macroCTA architecture. Specifically, using 2‐ and 4‐ arm macroCTAs provides materials with different morphologies compared to analogous monofunctional linear macroCTAs at similar compositions. The mechanical properties of these nanostructured thermosets can also be tuned while maintaining the desired morphologies. Using multi‐arm macroCTAs can thus broaden the scope of accessible nanostructures for extended applications, including the fabrication of actuators and potential drug delivery devices.
Injectable Granular Hydrogels as Colloidal Assembly Microreactors for Customized Structural Colored Objects
Authors: Zhang Jing , Qin Yipeng , Ou Yangteng , Shen Yu , Tang Bao , Zhang Xiaoyun , Yu Ziyi
Published: June 2022

While structural coloration has captured considerable interests across different areas in the past decades, the development of macroscopic objects with tailorable structural colors remains a challenge due to the difficulty of large‐scale fabrication of finely ordered nanostructures and poor processability of their constituent materials. In this work, a type of photonic granular hydrogel is developed as a novel printable ink for constructing customized structural colored objects. The magnetochromatic ink exhibits dynamic properties such as shear thinning and self‐healing, enabling direct writing of macroscopic structural colored patterns by extrusion 3D printing. Further, the modularity of the photonic ink allows additive color mixing, which obviates the need for arduous nano‐synthesis and expands on the color abundance of structural colored materials in a simple yet efficient manner. These characteristics grant novel photonic inks with great applicability to a variety of fields including switchable color displays, sensors, etc.
Trojan Nanobacteria System for Photothermal Programmable Destruction of Deep Tumor Tissues
Authors: Chu Binbin , Yang Yunmin , Tang Jiali , Song Bin , He Yao , Wang Houyu
Published: June 2022

A novel bacteria‐based drug delivery system, termed “Trojan nanobacteria system”, has been developed in which nanoagents are internalized into engineered bacteria through bacteria‐specific maltodextrin (MD) transporters. Compared to the method of attaching nanoagents to bacterial surfaces, this Trojan system features higher payloads and better stability. In cancer therapy, Trojan nanobacteria can specifically discriminate the tumor region and then penetrate deep tumor tissues. Once in the tumor, the Trojan nanobacteria systems are able to destroy deep tumor tissues due to the combined effects of antitumor protein expression (e.g., tumor necrosis factor‐α, TNF‐α) and photothermal properties.
Highly Distorted Antimony(III) Chloride [Sb2Cl8]2− Dimers for Near‐Infrared Luminescence up to 1070 nm
Authors: Su Binbin , Geng Shining , Xiao Zewen , Xia Zhiguo
Published: June 2022

Zero‐dimensional (0D) hybrid metal halides with unique compositional and structural tunability appear as an emerging class of luminescent materials, but near‐infrared (NIR) emitters therein are largely unexplored to date. This study presents three novel 0D hybrid antimony chlorines with edge‐sharing [Sb2Cl8]2− dimers, showing unusual room‐temperature broadband NIR emission with the maximum emission wavelength up to 1070 nm. Photoluminescence studies and density functional theory calculation demonstrate that the emissions originate from the highly localized excitons, and that the confined [Sb2Cl8]2− dimers in these structures show low symmetry and a large degree of structural freedom. These hybrid antimony chlorines with [Sb2Cl8]2− dimers expand the range of new NIR materials in 0D metal halides.
Allenamide‐Initiated Cascade [2+2+2] Annulation Enabling the Divergent Total Synthesis of (−)‐Deoxoapodine, (−)‐Kopsifoline D and (±)‐Melotenine A
Authors: Zhao Liu‐Peng , Li Peng‐Juan , Wang Lijia , Tang Yong
Published: June 2022

A facile method for the construction of the aspidosperma core from indoles functionalized with a nonterminal N‐allenamide and dimethyl methylenemalonate is described. Various polysubstituted tetracyclic spiroindolines (27 examples) were afforded in good yields (61–90 %) with >99/1 dr and >99/1 Z/E selectivity under mild conditions. The annulation reaction provides straightforward access to the tetracyclic spiroindoline skeleton with substituents at the C5 position occurring in many natural products. As an application of this reaction, the total synthesis of three important natural products, (−)‐deoxoapodine, (−)‐kopsifoline D and (±)‐melotenine A, was possible in short routes from tryptamine.
Synthesis and study of enhanced electrochemical properties of NiO nanoparticles deposited on TiO2 nanotubes
Authors: Jamil Yasmin M. S. , Awad Mohammed Ahmed Hussein , Al‐Maydama Hussein M. A. , EL‐Ghoul Yassine , Al‐Hakimi Ahmed N.
Published: June 2022

In this work, TiO2 nanotubes were synthesized electrochemically by anodization of pure Ti sheet in 0.5% HF and annealed in N2 atmosphere to obtain (TiO2 NTs‐N2) and then the nickel was deposited on the support TiO2 NTs by immersing TiO2 NTs in mesoporous sol–gel template Ni nanoparticles method for overnight and then annealed in N2 atmosphere to obtain the electrocatalyst NiO NPs/TiO2 NTs‐N2. The physicochemical characterizations of NiO NPs/TiO2 NTs‐N2 were performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The catalyst NiO NPs/TiO2 NTs‐N2 was electrochemically characterized in a basic solution of methanol by cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurement. XRD characterization indicates the presence of nickel oxide nanoparticles with a diameter less than 43 nm and regularly combined into TiO2 nanotubes. NiO NPs/TiO2 NTs‐N2 catalyst exhibited a remarkably high electrocatalytic activity and has high electrocatalytic stability for methanol electrocatalytic oxidation reaction. The electrochemical studies showed that NiO NPs/TiO2 NTs‐N2 in alcoholic basic solution exhibited higher catalytic activity and stronger poisoning tolerance for methanol oxidation than that in nonalcoholic basic solution. This suggests that the NiO NPs catalyst supported on TiO2 NTs‐N2 has promising potential applications in electrocatalyst reactions. Nickel oxide supported on the conductive support TiO2 NTs‐N2 is used as an electrocatalyst in alkaline fuel cells. Results showed the best improvement in the physico‐chemical properties of these catalysts in comparison with previous studies.
Study of the in vitro degradation and characterization of the HaCat keratinocytes adherence on electrospun scaffolds based polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate
Authors: Soto‐Quintero Albanelly , González‐Alva Patricia , Covelo Alba , Hernández Miguel Angel
Published: June 2022

Biomaterial scaffolds house and direct cells to grow, exposing them to appropriate growth factors. Most of them are designed to degrade at a controlled rate as the new host tissue replaces them. Here, we show that scaffolds obtained through electrospinning of PVA with 3.5, 4.0, and 5.0 wt% of SA showed a gradual degradation rate under physiological conditions during 100 days of incubation. This behavior is proportional to the SA concentration used, with a mass loss of (41%, 47%, and 49% for each system) after 60 days. Moreover, the dielectric properties (EIS) of the scaffolds correlate with their degradation rate throughout the exposition period (100 days), as indicated by the observed decrease in resistance over time. The 4.0 wt% system showed the lowest capacitance value (1.5 10–5 F) and the highest resistance (4.6106 ohm‐cm2) behavior among all concentrations. Additionally, the morphological analysis through SEM and AFM showed a shrank in the surface morphology after the degradation process and determined the degree of roughness (Ra). Higher roughness prior to the cytocompatibility test promoted increased proliferation and adhesion of HaCat cells, as observed in the 4.0 wt% PVA/SA system (1422 nm Ra). These biomaterials have great potential in wound dressing applications.
Death‐associated protein kinases and intestinal epithelial homeostasis
Authors: Chen Huey‐Miin , MacDonald Justin A.
Published: June 2022

The family of death‐associated protein kinases (DAPKs) and DAPK‐related apoptosis‐inducing protein kinases (DRAKs) act as molecular switches for a multitude of cellular processes, including apoptotic and autophagic cell death events. This review summarizes the mechanisms for kinase activity regulation and discusses recent molecular investigations of DAPK and DRAK family members in the intestinal epithelium. In general, recent literature convincingly supports the importance of this family of protein kinases in the homeostatic processes that govern the proper function of the intestinal epithelium. Each of the DAPK family of proteins possesses distinct biochemical properties, and we compare similarities in the information available as well as those cases where functional distinctions are apparent. As the prototypical member of the family, DAPK1 is noteworthy for its tumor suppressor function and association with colorectal cancer. In the intestinal epithelium, DAPK2 is associated with programmed cell death, potential tumor‐suppressive functions, and a unique influence on granulocyte biology. The impact of the DRAKs in the epithelium is understudied, but recent studies support a role for DRAK1 in inflammation‐mediated tumor growth and metastasis. A commentary is provided on the potential importance of DAPK3 in facilitating epithelial restitution and wound healing during the resolution of colitis. An update on efforts to develop selective pharmacologic effectors of individual DAPK members is also supplied.