bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Use of Local Literature in Development Planning and Environmental Conservation of the Sampang Region on Madura Island
Authors: Taembo Maulid , Akbar Syekhfani Alif
Published: December 2024

This study discusses the use of local literature in development planning and environmental conservation in Sampang Regency. The value of local literature must be seen as a potential and opportunity in development and environmental conservation towards community welfare. The study of regional development planning and environmental conservation based on local literature in Sampang Regency is a step and the right choice to provide recommendations to the local government as a reference for taking or making regulations. Data collection is carried out using observation, interview, and documentation methods. The collected data are analyzed descriptively qualitatively, using three activity flows, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The result of this study shows regional development planning model based the local literature in Sampang Regency can be reviewed from several aspects, namely aspects of leadership, religion or religious activities, deliberation mechanisms, regulation making, cooperation between the people and the government, community participation in development, routine activities or government work programs, infrastructure development and uniforms, and display of local Madurese literary terms. The positive impacts that may arise from the application of local literary values in regional development planning and environmental preservation in Sampang Regency are numerous, such as increasing solidarity relations among residents and opening up opportunities for utilizing the potential of the coastal area as a place for recreation and education.
The Dynamics of Social Criticism in the Lyrics of the Song “Bangau Oh Bangau” A Study of Malay Cultural Values in the Riau Islands
Authors: Rosadi Khairi , Fitrinaldi Fitrinaldi , Herianto Bambang , Mariono Mariono , Syafitriyandy Syafitriyandy , Irawan Dody , Abdulhajar Encik
Published: December 2024

This research aims to analyze the narrative structure, themes, characters, language style, as well as the social function and cultural context of the lyrics of the traditional Malay song, “Bangau Oh Bangau.” This song has a cumulative narrative structure that shows a cause-and-effect chain through interactions between the characters in it, such as storks, fish, grass, and others. Each verse of the song adds new elements that refer back to the original problem, creating continuity that shows the relationship between cause and effect in the ecosystem. Through a language style of repetition and direct dialogue, this song not only tells a story, but also conveys an educational message about the importance of maintaining balance in the natural environment. Apart from being entertainment, this song functions as a direct educational medium as a model and learning medium for children in understanding the concept of ecosystems and the relationships between living things. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method using the Malay analysis approach by Hashim Awang. The results of this research show that, in the context of Malay culture, this song reflects the interactions of daily life and shows the relationship between natural elements and their creators which are closely intertwined and influence each other, thereby emphasizing the values of togetherness and balance in Malay culture which is full of advice on self-improvement. In order to be wiser through lifelong learning, this model can be implemented as a learning model option that has its roots in the Malay family of the Riau Islands.
Implementation Differentiated Learning to Improve Student Learning Outcomes CNC Machine Subjects Class XI TPM1 SMK Negeri 3Tanjungpinang
Authors: Fitrinaldi Fitrinaldi , Suharyanto Suharyanto , Rachmi Rachmi , Nevrita Nevrita , Kumalasari Tetty , Irawan Dody
Published: December 2024

This research aims to improve student learning outcomes in the CNC Machine subject in class XI TPM1 SMK Negeri 3 Tanjungpinang through the application differentiated learning methods. Initial observations showed gaps in students' understanding, where some experienced difficulties, while others felt less challenged. The differentiated learning method is applied by dividing students into groups according to their abilities and providing material appropriate to their respective levels understanding. This research uses the Classroom Action Research model which is carried out in two cycles. The research results show that there are differences in the achievement the Minimum Completeness Criteria (MCC) between student groups. Groups A and B consisted of 3 and 5 students who reached the MCC, while 60% students ingroup C succeeded in reaching the MCC, with the remaining 40% not yet adequate. The addition visual and interactive material in the second cycle had a significant impact on the understanding low group students. This method has proven effective in improving overall student learning outcomes.
Green Maritime Education: A Framework for Cultivating Ecological Citizenship and Sustainable Practices in Coastal Areas
Authors: Hardian Mirza , Fauzan Ahmad , Taufika Ryan , Erlande Rieke , Juri Juri , R Apriya Maharani
Published: December 2024

In the context of an increasingly pressing environmental crisis, coastal areas in Indonesia face significant challenges related to sustainable natural resource management. Maritime education as a vital element in fostering environmental awareness must be revitalized to integrate green technology and cultivate ecological citizenship. This article aims to present systematic research findings on developing a framework for green maritime education that emphasizes ecological citizenship and sustainable practices in coastal areas. The literature review method is utilized to evaluate and analyze recent studies related to maritime education and the development of ecological citizenship. Findings indicate that a lack of knowledge about sustainability among students contributes to declining environmental quality, including increased pollution and ecosystem degradation. Furthermore, integrating environmentally sustainable practices, such as waste management and marine ecosystem conservation, into the maritime education curriculum can enhance students’ awareness and participation in sustainability initiatives. This research concludes that developing an innovative and inclusive framework for green maritime education is essential for cultivating ecological citizenship and building a more sustainable, environmentally conscious coastal community. The study's results provide a basis for formulating educational policies that respond effectively to environmental issues in coastal areas.
Marine Conservation and Traditional Ecology in Journal Articles: A Readability and Relevance Study for Academic Reading Learning in Higher Education
Authors: Pujiastuti Indah , Lestari Dian , Damayanti Vismaia S. , Mulyati Yeti , Sastromihardjo Andoyo
Published: December 2024

This study aims to evaluate the relevance and readability of journal articles on the theme of marine conservation and traditional ecology so that they can be used as teaching materials in learning to read academic texts in universities. The data collection method used Systematic Literature Review (SLR) with article sources from Google Scholar through Publish or Perish 8 metadata collection software. The articles chosen in this research are journal articles determined in the period 2019-2024. Of the 500 articles identified, ten (10) articles were selected based on the criteria of theme relevance, readability, and journal accreditation, as well as the use of Indonesian. The articles were evaluated using qualitative content analysis techniques, with a focus on exploring the themes of marine conservation and the application of local wisdom, as well as readability analysis using Fry's graph test to ensure the texts were appropriate for students' reading ability. The results show that the selected articles can be used as teaching materials for academic reading, although adjustments are needed in terms of effective sentences and grammar. The articles also provide a deeper understanding of the importance of traditional ecology in preserving marine ecosystems and its relevance in academic reading learning at the tertiary level.
Improving the Malay Language to Become an International Language
Authors: Malik Abdul , Shanty Isnaini Leo , Wahyusari Ahada , Elfitra Legi , Loren Fabio Testy Ariance
Published: December 2024

This paper discusses the efforts to improve Malay into an international language since the time of the Traditional Malay Sultanate, which had reached its peak during the Riau-Lingga Sultanate. For this purpose, this research uses the method of linguistic history. Throughout its history, Malay has played a special role in the archipelago and has been recognised by foreign nations as an international language. The Malay language has been developed and guided since the time of Srivijaya Kingdom, Mallaca Malay Sultanate, Riau-Lingga-Johor-Pahang Sultanate and Riau-Lingga Sultanate. In this case, Malay was used as the language of diplomacy, administration, business, religion and science, as well as the medium of everyday communication between individuals and leaders of the archipelago. When the Malay-speaking nations became independent, the decision was to choose Malay language as the main official tongue in the newly formed countries such as Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, and Brunei Darussalam. Therefore, Malay has the potential to be improved into an international language in the era of globalization.
The Importance of English Language in Bintan Island as a Tourist Destination
Authors: Fawji Sitorus Arbi , Putri Septinia D. , Ammar M. Khairu , Mukhlis Mukhlis , Pakpahan Julianto
Published: December 2024

Bintan is an area that is famous for having many tourist attractions, this area is often visited by foreign tourists because of its very beautiful tourist destinations. Therefore, English is very important for workers who are in these tourist attractions to serve foreign tourists more efficiently. The method used in this research is quantitative by using a questionnaire from Google form with a level of agreement questionnaire. Respondents in this study were undergraduate students from the English education department batch 21-23. English language teaching is very important in tourist destinations because it can provide significant benefits for tourism development and improve the quality of tourist services. From questionnaire numbers 2, 8, 9, 11, and 21, it can be concluded that communication in English has a very important role in tourist destinations. From questionnaire numbers. 4, 5, 11, and 12, the importance of English promotion in tourist destinations to attract international tourists improve communication between tourists and tourism practitioners and enhance the overall tourism experience. The discussion that has been explained regarding the importance of English in tourist destinations can be concluded that having the ability to speak English is currently very important, especially for those of us who live on Bintan Island, which is a tourist destination visited by many citizens from various foreign countries.
Maximum Quantity Analysis of Family Film Cemara 2
Authors: Wahyusari Ahada , Elfitra Legi , Malik Abdul , Shanty Isnaini Leo , Loren Fabio Testy Ariance
Published: December 2024

This research discusses the maxim of quantity in the film Keluarga Cemara 2. The purpose of this research is to describe the principle of cooperation in the film. Keluarga Cemara 2. The method used in this research is qualitative descriptive. The data in this research consists of words or sentences found in the dialogue of the film Keluarga Cemara 2. The data collection techniques used to obtain research data are the free listening and note-taking techniques. The data analysis technique used is content analysis, which involves reading, analyzing, describing, and concluding the content of the film Keluarga Cemara 2. The result of this research is the presence of the maxim of quantity principle in the film Keluarga Cemara 2.
Students Response to the Literacy Educational Game Application at SMPN 2 Kwanyar
Authors: Rohmah Naelur , Dwi Saputro Sigit , Azkal Uyun Nadia
Published: December 2024

The reading literacy scores of Indonesian students according to PISA are far below the global average. Efforts to improve literacy can be developed through learning media. One of the learning media that students like is educational games. The purpose of this research is to determine students' responses to the Literacy Educational Game (LEG) as a learning medium to foster literacy skills. The research method is quantitative descriptive. The subject of this research is the students of SMPN 2 Kwanyar, totaling 26 students. This research instrument includes a media validation sheet and a student response questionnaire. The results of the media expert validity showed a percentage of 87%, which falls into the very good category. Meanwhile, the results of the student response questionnaire showed a percentage of 90%, also falling into the very good category.
Instagram-Based Element Chemistry Poker Card Game in Improving Students' Critical Thinking
Authors: Putera Dwi Bagus Rendy Astid , Hadi Wiwin Puspita , Agustina Dea Adira
Published: December 2024

Learning media in chemistry subjects is needed so that students can better understand chemical materials that are very complex. Instagram-based Poker Chemistry Card game media as an alternative media in learning elemental chemistry. Critical thinking is a whole series of cognitive activities that are used by individuals in dealing with problems. This study aims to analyze the effect of applying the Instagram-based poker Chemistry Elements card game to increasing students' critical thinking. This media development research uses a quasi-experimental research method with a non-equivalent Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design type. This research was tested in class XI SMA using two classes with a total of 70 students. The test instrument was developed based on critical thinking indicators with a total of 10 questions. Critical thinking indicators used are basic clarification, basic support, inference, further clarification, strategy and tactics. The test data results were analyzed using a single ANCOVA with pretest as a covariate. The test results show that Ho is rejected which means there is a significant difference and influence in the application of Instagram-based chemical element poker cards on students' critical thinking abilities in elemental chemistry material. The results of this research confirm that Instagram-based elemental chemistry poker card media can improve students' critical thinking skills in elemental chemistry material.
Development of Digital Pop-up Book of Madurese Songs with Pancasila Student Profile for Junior High School Students
Authors: Alami Ersa , Widiaswanti Ernaning
Published: December 2024

Madurese songs become a form of symbolization of the character possessed by the Madurese community. This becomes more interesting when applied to a digital pop up book about Madurese songs which contains the profile of Pancasila students with the target of being used by junior high school students in Sampang. The Madurese songs taken are entitled “Tanduk Majeng” and “Wa' Ronjengan”. The purpose of the study was to find out the development of digital pop-up books and product validation has been carried out, in addition to knowing the creation and development of digital pop-up books about Madurese songs and the acceptance of students towards the application of learning systems like this in remembering subject matter. The research method uses Research and Development to develop a digital pop up book. If possible, it can make Madurese songs better known and appreciated by the general public throughout Indonesia and become an example of a work that characterizes and is only owned by the Madurese community. This research discusses the development of a digital pop up book of Madurese songs containing the Pancasila student profile for Sampang Junior High School students which intends to provide a more interesting, creative learning system and be able to improve student memory to make it easier to understand the learning process. The material received by students will be more easily conveyed with the visualization of the digital pop up book. And it is hoped that it will greatly help facilitate activities in the world of education while preserving the surrounding culture.
Coastal communities' interest in football
Authors: Sumarni Een
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the interest of coastal communities in football. The method used is quantitative descriptive research. The sampling technique used purposive sampling, namely the coastal community of Tanjungpinang city totaling 150 people. The questionnaire instrument was a data collection tool in this study. The data analysis technique used a percentage interpreted in a criteria table. The results showed that 69% of coastal communities in Tanjungpinang City had an interest in football with high criteria.
Prävention in der Pflege: Entlastung der Mitarbeitenden durch eine automatische Pflegedokumentation
Authors: Kaczmarek Sylvia
Published: December 2024

Zukünftig wird es nur Krankenhäusern, die nachhaltig mit ihren Ressourcen wirtschaften, möglich sein, die medizinische Versorgung der Patienten sicherzustellen. Die Prävention in der Pflege durch die Schaffung optimierter Prozesse und Arbeitsumfelder rückt somit zunehmend in den Fokus der Krankenhäuser, um die Zufriedenheit und Gesundheit der Mitarbeitenden zu fördern.
Breit aufgestellte Forschungslandschaft zu gastrointestinalen Tumoren
Authors: Willen Christine
Published: December 2024

Anlässlich des Kongresses der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten (DGVS) 2024 wurden die aktuellen Entwicklungen zu gastrointestinalen Tumoren mit laufenden und geplanten Studien unter anderem aus der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Internistische Onkologie (AIO) in der Deutschen Krebsgesellschaft e. V. vorgestellt.
Microbiological pathogens in fecal samples of foals during the first
year of life
Authors: Jung Clarissa , Gentil Michaela , Müller Elisabeth
Published: December 2024

Objective The objective of the study was to investigate the age dependent
occurrence of different infectious agents in foals with diarrhea.

Material and Methods Fecal samples, which were submitted to a commercial
laboratory for a PCR-profile “Foal Diarrhea Pathogens” from 01.01.2021 up to
31.12.2022 (n=144), were examined for Equine Coronavirus (ECoV), Lawsonia
(L.) intracellularis, Rhodococcus (R.) hoagii (=R. equi),
Clostridium (Cl.) perfringens toxin-encoding genes cpa,
cpe, cpb, etx and netF, Clostridioides (C.)
difficile toxin-encoding genes tcdA and tcdB, as well as
Rotavirus A via PCR.

Results Pathogens could be detected in a high proportion (42.9%) of the
samples. Rotavirus A was the most prevalent pathogen in the current study,
followed by clostridial species. Especially in foals younger than one month,
netF-producing Cl. perfringens was detected frequently. In
this age group, netF-producing Cl. perfringens was as prevalent as
Rotavirus A. In comparison, R. hoagii, L. intracellularis and ECoV
were detected rarely. Cl. perfringens toxin-encoding genes cpb and
etx were not present in the examined samples. In general, the
previously known age dependency of the investigated pathogens could be
confirmed. Nevertheless, Rotavirus A and netF-positive Cl.
perfringens could also be detected outside of the most susceptible age
group. Coinfections with the examined pathogens had a low prevalence in the
current study.

Conclusions In general, the examined pathogens showed an age dependent
occurrence, but infections in foals outside of the common age group could not be
ruled out with certainty due to small sample numbers in some of the age groups.
Although Rotavirus A was the most prevalent pathogen in this study,
netF-producing Cl. perfringens is an important differential
diagnosis, especially in newborn foals. The diagnostic approach in diarrheic
foals should contain a broad spectrum of pathogens. This is not only important
to detect coinfections, but also to detect shedders, in order to protect other
horses in the stable.
Zielgerichtete Systemtherapie beim operablen Lungenkarzinom
Authors: Etman Samer , Saalfeld Felix , Aust Daniela , Sombati Monika , Decker Rahel , Schweipert Johannes , Baum Daniel , Wermke Martin , Ploenes Till
Published: December 2024

Das nicht kleinzellige Lungenkarzinom (NSCLC) fällt durch hohe Rezidivraten in den Frühstadien auf. In einer deutschen Kohorte lag das rezidivfreie Überleben nach 5 Jahren bei 62 % (Stadium IA1), 40,7 % (Stadium IIA) und 28 % (Stadium IIIA). Neben dem perioperativen Einsatz von Immuncheckpointinhibitoren drängt auch die zielgerichtete Tumortherapie als Innovation aus dem palliativen Setting in die frühen Stadien. Von besonderer Relevanz ist der Einsatz des EGFR-Inhibitors Osimertinib (EGFR: Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor), für den eine Verbesserung des Gesamtüberlebens in der adjuvanten Situation gezeigt wurde. In dieser praxisorientierten Übersichtarbeit beschreiben wir kurz den aktuellen Stand der adjuvanten zielgerichteten Therapie und der dazugehörigen Testung und geben einen Ausblick auf weitere Entwicklungen.
lncRNA-Signatur eignet sich als Biomarker zur Früherkennung von Magenkrebs
Authors: Di Lellis Maddalena Angela
Published: December 2024

Die hohen Sterblichkeitsraten bei Magenkrebs sind darauf zurückzuführen, dass die Diagnosen meist gestellt werden, wenn die Krankheit bereits fortgeschritten ist. Die Diagnose von Patienten mit Magenkrebs im Frühstadium ist aufgrund fehlender Screening-Strategien jedoch eine Herausforderung. Guo et al. entwickelten eine blutbasierte Signatur für lange nichtkodierende RNA (lncRNA) zur Früherkennung von Magenkrebs.
KI-gestützte Auswertung von Mammografieaufnahmen
Authors: Gräwert Stephanie
Published: December 2024

Je früher ein Brustkrebs entdeckt wird, desto besser die Prognose. Doch in der Mammografie werden möglicherweise rund ein Viertel aller Mammakarzinome übersehen und auch konventionelle computergestützte Detektionssysteme können die diagnostische Genauigkeit der Bildgebung nicht signifikant verbessern. Kim et al. haben nun untersucht, ob künstliche Intelligenz (KI) hier helfen kann.
Längeres Follow-up für Hodgkin-Lymphom-Überlebende mit Doxorubicin-Therapie
Authors: Schulz-Hanke Ines
Published: December 2024

Überlebende eines Hodgkin-Lymphoms tragen nach einer Strahlentherapie des Brustkorbs im Jugendalter ein deutlich erhöhtes Brustkrebsrisiko. Auch eine frühe Doxorubicin-Therapie steigert dieses Risiko. Sollte sie im Erwachsenenalter ebenfalls das Brustkrebsrisiko erhöhen, wäre dies sowohl für die Nachbeobachtung als auch für die Therapieplanung neu am Hodgkin-Lymphom (HL) erkrankter Frauen relevant. Eine große Kohortenstudie gibt nun Hinweise.
Diffuse Gliome: Zirkulierende Tumorzellen als Diagnose- und Prognosemarker
Authors: Dobler Gabriele
Published: December 2024

Zirkulierende Tumorzellen (CTCs – circulating tumor cells) können als nicht invasive Technik bei Krebserkrankungen zur Diagnose, zum Progressions-Monitoring und zur Prognose dienen. Im Gegensatz zu anderen soliden Tumoren liefern CTC-Konzentrationen bei Gliomen wegen unbekannter Korrelationen mit Malignität, Histopathologie und Überlebenszeiten wenig Informationen für klinische Entscheidungen. Die Studie evaluiert ihren klinischen Nutzen.
Voraussageparameter für räumliche Rezidivmuster hochgradiger Gliome
Authors: Dobler Gabriele
Published: December 2024

Hochgradige Gliome sind häufige maligne Primärtumoren des Zentralnervensystems bei Erwachsenen. Trotz Standardtherapie rezidivieren sie nach 6 bis 8 Monaten, am häufigsten als Lokalrezidive. Die Studie ging der Frage nach, ob eine Assoziation zwischen dem räumlichen Rezidivmuster und der Prognose für die Patient/-innen besteht. Außerdem untersuchte die chinesische Arbeitsgruppe, ob vaskuläre Tumorareale das räumliche Rezidivmuster voraussagen können.
Arterio–Ureteral Fistula as a Long-term Complication Following Retroperitoneal Presacral Ganglioneuroma Resection: Case Report in an Adolescent and Review of the Literature
Authors: Haecker Theresa S. , Krebs Thomas F. , Allmen Regula von , Haecker Frank-Martin
Published: December 2024

Arterio–ureteral fistula (AUF) is a rare condition affecting nearby adult-only patients. Patients usually present with hematuria, often starting as intermittent hematuria which frequently increases, and may lead to hemorrhagic shock. Without rapid diagnosis and prompt treatment, AUF can be lethal. Risk factors for developing an AUF include a history of pelvic surgery mainly due to cancer, a history of pelvic radiation, a history of vascular surgery, or chronic indwelling ureteral stents (CIUS). Imaging to confirm diagnosis includes angiography, computed tomography (CT) scan, or retrograde pyelography, although AUF may be missed. Therefore, even if imaging is negative, the presence of hematuria of unexplained origin in combination with mentioned risk factors is highly suspicious for AUF and must be excluded.

We report the case of a 16-year-old male patient who presented with a new onset of intermittent hematuria to our emergency room. The patient's history included previous pelvic surgery for resection of ganglioneuroma 6 years ago with bilateral replacement of the iliac artery and postoperative acute kidney failure with reconstruction of both ureters and CIUS. After the initial uneventful postoperative follow-up over 5 years, another Double J (DJ) catheter had to be placed into the right ureter due to hydronephrosis. Six weeks later, the patient presented with intermittent hematuria. Despite negative imaging, we performed immediate surgical exploration confirming the diagnosis of AUF. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of AUF under the age of 18 years reported in the literature.

In conclusion, in patients with macrohematuria and a history of the abovementioned risk factors, AUF has to be kept in mind and must be reliably excluded.
HPV-associated Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Lee Rex H. , van Zante Annemieke , Goldschmidt Ezequiel , El-Sayed Ivan H.
Published: December 2024

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC) (HPV+ SNSCC) is a recently recognized entity that accounts for up to one-third of SNSCC. Although at present these cancers are not routinely tested for HPV, the incidence is increasing and HPV+ SNSCC is associated with superior survival outcomes compared with HPV− SNSCC. Here, we present the case of a patient with HPV+ SNSCC treated with endoscopic resection followed by postoperative radiation and review the literature summarizing epidemiology and management of this disease, with emphasis on the importance of HPV testing in SNSCC.
The Effect of Prolonged Antenatal Intravenous Immunoglobulin Treatment in Preventing Gestational Alloimmune Liver Disease—A Case Series with Literature Review
Authors: Lin Eena Sunya , Afridi Faraz , Mysore Sukrita Sheshu , Presenza Thomas , Kushnir Alla , Ahmed Rafat
Published: December 2024

Background Gestational alloimmune liver disease (GALD) is characterized by maternal IgG-directed fetal hepatocyte damage and can lead to severe liver failure and fetal or infant death. Moreover, GALD is associated with a near 90% risk of recurrence in subsequent pregnancies.

Case We present a case of a newborn patient delivered to a 32-year-old G2P1000 mother who received prolonged antenatal intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment during the current pregnancy due to the neonatal death of the first child from GALD-related liver failure. Postnatal testing, including a liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and buccal biopsy of this newborn, showed normal morphology of the liver without any abnormal iron deposition. Additional laboratory testing showed a lack of any liver injury.

Conclusion This case supports the use of antenatal IVIG immunotherapy to prevent the recurrence of GALD in subsequent pregnancies.

Key Points
Prognostic Discussions in Advanced Cancer: A Qualitative Thematic Analysis of Patients' and Caregivers' Experiences in a Tertiary Cancer Center in India
Authors: Tiwari Avinash , Ghoshal Arunangshu , Deodhar Jayita , Muckaden MaryAnn
Published: December 2024

Introduction Advanced cancer poses unique difficulties for patients, caregivers, and health care providers. Prognostic discussions are pivotal in shaping care decisions during this stage. These conversations involve health care professionals conveying disease progression, expected outcomes, and estimated life expectancy. Research consistently underscores the pivotal role of prognostic discussions in advanced cancer care, and most existing research stems from developed countries, necessitating the exploration of experiences within the Indian context.

Objective The aim of this study is to identify the themes and patterns that emerge from the narratives of patients and caregivers surrounding prognostic discussions.

Materials and Methods Using a qualitative methodology, participants were drawn from the palliative care clinic via a purposive sampling in this prospective qualitative study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and thematic analysis was employed to understand patient and caregiver experiences. Ethical considerations were adhered to throughout, obtaining informed consent and ensuring anonymity.

Results Findings from 21 participants revealed five themes shaping prognostic discussions: perception and understanding of prognostic information, emotional impact, decision-making and treatment preferences, communication with providers, and cultural and religious influences. Patients struggled to comprehend complex medical terms, while caregivers played essential roles in aiding understanding. Both groups grappled with intense emotions upon learning of limited life expectancy, impacting decision-making. Effective communication and involvement of caregivers in discussions were pivotal, and cultural and religious beliefs shaped the perspectives on death.

Conclusion This study emphasizes the intricate emotional landscape of patients and caregivers during advanced cancer prognostic discussions. It highlights the need for health care providers to undergo specialized communication training, prioritize shared decision-making, and respect cultural contexts. However, the study's limitations warrant future research for broader generalizability and long-term impact assessment.
Dimensional effects involving mass transfer in non-superfluid 3He–4He solutions
Authors: Zhuchenko N. K. , Turovik É. G. , Yagud R. Z.
Published: December 2024

The study deals with the dependence of the effective diffusion coefficient, in non-superfluid 3He–4He mixtures with an about l%3He-content, on the temperature and on the dimensions of a horizontal diffusion capillary. It is demonstrated that mass transfer through such a capillary occurs by way of molecular and convective diffusion. The contribution of convective diffusion to this process diminishes as the height (diameter) and the length of this capillary decrease. In the case of a 24 mm long capillary 2 mm in diameter filled with porous Teflon the effective diffusion coefficient has a molecular component only and is equal to (2 + 0.2) · 10−5 cm2/sec within the 2.25−2.9 °K temperature range.
Effect of paramagnetic impurities on the Josephson current in S–N–S junctions
Authors: Makeev A. I. , Mitsai Yu. N. , Shakhova N. V.
Published: December 2024

Calculations are made of the steady-state Josephson current in S–N–S junctions with paramagnetic impurities at any temperature. The concentration of nonmagnetic impurities is assumed to be high. The current at temperatures near the critical one is calculated on the basis of the Ginzburg–Landau equations. For low temperatures the calculations are performed with the aid of the Usadel equations. The dependence of the critical current on the temperature, on the width of the normal region, and on the mean free path with spin flipping is established as a result.
Temperature dependence of pair-breaking current in superconductors
Authors: Kupriyanov M. Yu. , Lukichev V. F.
Published: December 2024

Eilenberger’s equations serve as a basis for numerically calculating the temperature dependence of the density jc of the pair-breaking current at 0 ≤ T ≤ Tc for a whole series of values of the mean free path. It is shown that at temperatures near Tc the jc (T) relation deviates significantly from the (Tc−T)3/2 law derived from the Ginzburg–Landau theory. A comparison with available experimental results is made.
Two-magnon subthreshold absorption in quasi-one-dimensional biaxial antiferromagnet CsMnCI3⋅2H2O as function of frequency, temperature, and magnetic field
Authors: Anders A. G. , Zvyagin A. I. , Petutin A. I.
Published: December 2024

We made observations of magnetic-dipole two-magnon subthreshold absorption (TSA), linear in the incident microwave power, in the quasi-one-dimensional antiferromagnet CsMnCl3⋅2H2O. The frequency-field dependence of the positions of the TSA bands was investigated and so was the variation of the shape and intensity of the bands over wide ranges of magnetic fields, frequencies, and temperatures. The distinctive features of the behavior of the TSA bands are described within the framework of existing theoretical concepts. The magnitude of the weak interchain interaction in CsMnCl3⋅2H2O is estimated (J1 = 12.7 Oe) from the shape of the lines of the total TSA.
Radiative transitions of ions in a condensed inert gas
Authors: Smirnov B. M. , Tishchenko N. P.
Published: December 2024

A quantum-mechanical analysis is made of the crystal lattice vibrations of an inert gas, which correspond to the motion of implanted ions. The frequencies of these vibrations as well as the photo-absorption cross section for the crystal under consideration, and the lifetimes of the vibrationally excited ion states are found. The radiation spectrum linewidth due to lattice vibrations with the participation of the ions and the collective ion vibrations is estimated.
Reflection of transverse zero sound at a normal 3He–solid interface
Authors: Shaanova A. N.
Published: December 2024

The reflection of transverse zero sound propagating in a normal Fermi liquid from a plane solid surface is investigated on the basis of Landau’s theory of Fermi liquids. An expression is derived for the reflection coefficient in the case of normal incidence of sound, and numerical calculations are carried out for 3He for various values of the pressure.
Nonlinear orbital magnetization of Bloch electrons in weak fields
Authors: Mikitik G. P. , Nedorezov S. S.
Published: December 2024

An exact and relatively simple expression is obtained for the orbital magnetic susceptibility of Bloch electrons, describing its field dependence in weak magnetic fields.
Effect of argon implantation and of vacuum annealing on the superconducting properties of niobium single-crystal films
Authors: Zakirov R. M. , Kuznetsov V. P. , Shermergor T. D.
Published: December 2024

A study was made of the superconducting transition characteristics (Tc, H⊥) of niobium single-crystal films on sapphire after bombardment with argon ions of 35 keV energy in doses from 0.62 · 1015 to 5.6 · 1016 ions/cm2. Implantation of argon ions was found to lower the critical temperature Tc of such films, but to increase their electrical resistivity ρn and the critical intensity of the transverse magnetic field H10 as well as dH⊥/dT, as a result of a shorter mean free path for electrons. The superconductivity parameters were found to follow a quite different trend depending on whether the niobium single-crystal films had been bombarded with argon or had oxygen dissolved in their lattice. Oxygen was implanted by vacuum annealing of the films after their exposure to air.
Theory of the magnetoelastic interaction in orthorhombic antiferromagnets
Authors: Pashkevich Yu. G. , Sobolev V. L. , Telepa V. T.
Published: December 2024

We have studied theoretically the magnetoelastic interaction in biaxial antiferromagnetic crystals. We have considered the coupled magnetoelastic modes in fields exceeding the spin-flip field for the sublattices. Expressions are obtained for the magnetic field dependences of the sound velocities. The influence of the nuclear subsystem on the spectrum of magnetoelastic vibrations is taken into account. We have studied the magnon–phonon interaction contribution to the magnon damping. We present numerical estimates of the corrections to the sound velocities and of the contributions of magnon-phonon processes to magnon damping for the antiferrogmagnetic crystal CuCl2 · 2H2O.
The temperature and field rotation of the susceptibility ellipsoid in low-symmetry paramagnetics
Authors: Borisenko V. G. , Pereverzev Yu. V.
Published: December 2024

Using the spin Hamiltonian we study the behavior of the principal axes of the susceptibility tensor in changing magnetic field and temperature in low-symmetry paramagnetics. It is shown that the principal axes of the ellipsoid may rotate. We study the influence of magnetic field, constant crystal field, and of the principal components of the g factor on the position and anisotropy of the susceptibility ellipsoid in wide ranges of temperatures and fields. Conditions are determined in which one should observe a strong dependence of position of the principal axes of the susceptibility tensor on the temperature and magnetic field.
A surrogate-based flow-field prediction and optimization strategy for hypersonic thrust nozzle
Authors: Huang Helin , Wang Qiancheng , Wu Zeping
Published: December 2024

The thrust nozzle is a component that directly generates thrust, which is of great importance in the design of a hypersonic propulsion system. In this study, a surrogate-based flow-field prediction and optimization strategy for hypersonic thrust nozzles is proposed based on reduced-order modeling of the flow field. The effects of various methods on flow field prediction accuracy are studied, including domain decomposition-based proper orthogonal decomposition and Kriging-based surrogate models. A high-precision prediction of the viscid flow field can be achieved when an arbitrary nozzle contour parametrized by non-uniform rational B-spline is given. It is revealed that domain decomposition methods and improvements to the orthogonal basis effectively enhance the accuracy of flow field reconstruction. Compared to the full flow field surrogates, the near-wall region surrogates predict wall pressure more effectively and yield higher thrust accuracy. A hybrid infill sampling criterion is also proposed to improve the prediction accuracy of the model. Combining that with the surrogate-based flow-field prediction model and the intelligent optimization algorithms, an optimized nozzle contour is obtained, whose performance is 0.5% higher than that designed using the Rao method.
Electric field control for experiments with atoms in Rydberg states
Authors: Panja Aishik , Wang Yupeng , Wang Xinghan , Wang Junjie , Subhankar Sarthak , Liang Qi-Yu
Published: December 2024

Atoms excited to Rydberg states have recently emerged as a valuable resource in neutral atom platforms for quantum computation, quantum simulation, and quantum information processing. Atoms in Rydberg states have large polarizabilities, which makes them highly sensitive to electric fields. Therefore, stray electric fields can decohere these atoms, in addition to compromising the fidelity of engineered interactions between them. Therefore, it is essential to cancel these stray electric fields. Here, we present a novel, simple, and highly compact electrode assembly, implemented in a glass cell-based vacuum chamber design, for stray electric field cancellation. The electrode assembly allows for full 3D control of the electric field in the vicinity of the atoms while blocking almost no optical access. We experimentally demonstrate the cancellation of stray electric fields to better than 10 mV/cm using this electrode assembly.
How to undertake research with refugees: lessons learned from a qualitative health research programme in Southern New Zealand
Authors: George Molly , Richard Lauralie , Jaye Chrystal , Derrett Sarah , Wyeth Emma , Stokes Tim
Published: December 2024

Background Refugee health is an issue of global importance. Refugees have high and complex mental, physical and social needs and poor health outcomes. There is a clear need for more research prioritising refugees’ perspectives of health care in their settlement countries; however, a number of methodological and ethical challenges can make this process difficult. Methods This methodological paper is an analysis of our recent experience conducting qualitative research with former refugees in Southern New Zealand. We utilized our research team’s discussions, reflections and fieldnotes and the relevant literature to identify the key processes of our successful engagement with former refugees. Results Successful engagement with former refugees in qualitative health research entails: establishing relationships, recognising interpreters as cultural brokers, having a responsive suite of methods and finding meaningful ways to communicate. Conclusions This paper offers suggestions and guidance on conducting qualitative health research with former refugees.
Structural insights into the assembly and energy transfer of haptophyte photosystem I–light-harvesting supercomplex
Authors: He Fei-Yu , Zhao Long-Sheng , Qu Xin-Xiao , Li Kang , Guo Jian-Ping , Zhao Fang , Wang Ning , Qin Bing-Yue , Chen Xiu-Lan , Gao Jun , Liu Lu-Ning , Zhang Yu-Zhong
Published: December 2024

Haptophyta represents a major taxonomic group, with plastids derived from the primary plastids of red algae. Here, we elucidated the cryoelectron microscopy structure of the photosystem I–light-harvesting complex I (PSI–LHCI) supercomplex from the haptophyte
Isochrysis galbana
. The PSI core comprises 12 subunits, which have evolved differently from red algae and cryptophytes by losing the PsaO subunit while incorporating the PsaK subunit, which is absent in diatoms and dinoflagellates. The PSI core is encircled by 22 fucoxanthin-chlorophyll
a
/
c
-binding light-harvesting antenna proteins (iFCPIs) that form a trilayered antenna arrangement. Moreover, a pigment-binding subunit, L
iFP
, which has not been identified in any other previously characterized PSI–LHCI supercomplexes, was determined in
I. galbana
PSI–iFCPI, presumably facilitating the interactions and energy transfer between peripheral iFCPIs and the PSI core. Calculation of excitation energy transfer rates by computational simulations revealed that the intricate pigment network formed within PSI–iFCPI ensures efficient transfer of excitation energy. Overall, our study provides a solid structural foundation for understanding the light-harvesting and energy transfer mechanisms in haptophyte PSI–iFCPI and provides insights into the evolution and structural variations of red-lineage PSI–LHCIs.
Antiviral immunity lassoed down by excess RNA
Authors: Valeri Erika , Kajaste-Rudnitski Anna
Published: December 2024

Two complementary works by Chan et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20231725), and Ru et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20240010), identify defective RNA processing as the root cause of impaired antiviral immunity against SARS-CoV2 in the human brainstem. These studies provide molecular insight into virus-associated severe brainstem encephalitis through PKR inactivation.
3D numerical simulation of magnetization loss in multifilamentary MgB2 wires at 20 K
Authors: Qiao Yukai , Ainslie Mark , Sun Yueming , Badcock Rodney A , Strickland Nicholas M , Jiang Zhenan
Published: December 2024

High-power density all-superconducting rotating machines have potential for application in electrical aircraft motors. However, superconductors in the armature windings of such rotating machines carry AC currents under AC/rotating magnetic fields, resulting in AC losses. For reducing AC loss, low-cost, round magnesium diboride (MgB2) wires are one promising material due to their multifilamentary structure, fine filament size and tight twist. To date, previous 3D AC loss simulations have focused on MgB2 wires with a magnetic matrix operating at low frequency and 4.2 K, which are not relevant to aviation applications. In this work, 3D simulations of magnetization loss at 20 K of twisted 2-filament and 54-filament wires with a non-magnetic matrix are carried out using the finite element method, based on the
H
-formulation, with AC field amplitudes from 0.1 T to 2 T and frequencies up to 200 Hz. The measured J
c(
B
, 20 K) and n(
B
, 20 K) data of a non-magnetic MgB2 wire manufactured by Hyper Tech Research is assumed as input parameters. For the 2-filament wire, the operational frequency, the twist pitch, the filament size, the matrix resistivity, and inter-filament gap have been varied to systematically study their impacts on magnetization loss and its loss components (hysteresis loss, coupling loss and eddy currents). The simulation results show that the 2-filament wire with a 5 mm twist pitch and a higher resistivity matrix operated at 50 Hz has the lowest magnetization loss through decoupling the filaments. Furthermore, a lower coupling loss at 200 Hz for field amplitudes exceeding 1 T is observed, this is because critical coupling frequency f
c shifts to small values with increasing field amplitudes. For the 54-filament MgB2 wire, the magnetization loss of a 5 mm twist pitch and a higher resistivity matrix wire operated at 50 Hz is estimated. The simulations show that the hysteresis loss of the 54-filament wire can be well predicted by the analytical hysteresis loss equation for a cylindrical superconductor multiplied by 54 (the number of filaments) because the filaments are in an uncoupled state. Good agreement is also observed between the simulated coupling loss and the analytical coupling loss equation from Wilson book for a circular-arranged multifilamentary superconducting wire.
Single inertial neuron with forced bipolar pulse: chaotic dynamics, circuit implementation, and color image encryption
Authors: Zhao Shuang , Chuah Joon Huang , Khairuddin Anis Salwa Mohd , Chen Chengjie
Published: December 2024

The bipolar pulse current can effectively mimic the external time-varying stimulus of neurons, and its effect of neuronal dynamics has rarely been reported. To this end, this paper reports the effects of bipolar pulses on a two-dimensional single inertial neuron model, showcasing the chaotic dynamics of hidden attractors and coexisting symmetric attractors, which is of significant importance for understanding the complex behaviors of neuron dynamics under time-varying external stimuli and its application. Firstly, the mathematical model of the single intertial neuron model with forced bipolar pulse is presented, and then the equilibrium states behaving as unstable saddle point (USP), stable node-focus (SNF), and stable node point (SNP) are analyzed. Additionally, by using multiple dynamical methods including bifurcation plots, basins of attraction, and phase plots, complex dynamics of interesting bifurcation behaviors and coexisting attractors are revealed, which are induced by the forced bipolar pulse current as well as initial values, both. In addition, such effets are well valideted via a simple multiplerless electronic neuron circuit. The implementation circuit of presented model is constructed on the analog level and executed using PSIM circuit platform. The measurement results verified the double-scroll chaotic attractors and the coexisting period/chaos behaviors. Finally, the chaotic sequences of the model are applied to color image encryption for the benefit of requirements on modern security field. The encryption effectiveness is demonstrated through various evaluation indexes, including histogram analysis, information entropy, correlation coefficient, plaintext sensitivity, and resistance to noise attacks.