bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing image analysis methods for digital pathology
Authors: Bankhead Peter
Published: April 2022

The potential to use quantitative image analysis and artificial intelligence is one of the driving forces behind digital pathology. However, despite novel image analysis methods for pathology being described across many publications, few become widely adopted and many are not applied in more than a single study. The explanation is often straightforward: software implementing the method is simply not available, or is too complex, incomplete, or dataset‐dependent for others to use. The result is a disconnect between what seems already possible in digital pathology based upon the literature, and what actually is possible for anyone wishing to apply it using currently available software. This review begins by introducing the main approaches and techniques involved in analysing pathology images. I then examine the practical challenges inherent in taking algorithms beyond proof‐of‐concept, from both a user and developer perspective. I describe the need for a collaborative and multidisciplinary approach to developing and validating meaningful new algorithms, and argue that openness, implementation, and usability deserve more attention among digital pathology researchers. The review ends with a discussion about how digital pathology could benefit from interacting with and learning from the wider bioimage analysis community, particularly with regard to sharing data, software, and ideas. © 2022 The Author. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Perceived stress and wellbeing in Romanian teachers during the COVID‐19 pandemic: The intervening effects of job crafting and problem‐focused coping
Authors: Ciuhan Geanina C. , Nicolau Ruxandra G. , Iliescu Dragos
Published: April 2022

This study examines the relationship between teacher perceived stress during the online period of schooling in the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, and their wellbeing, with job crafting as a mediator, The study also examines the role of problem‐focused coping as a moderator in the stress‐job crafting relationship. A sample of 360 teachers, 347 females, and 13 males, aged 21–63 years answered to an online survey from October to December 2020. Regression analyses were employed to the data. The results show that the conditional indirect effects of stress on wellbeing are statistically significant for low problem‐focused coping (β = −.06, SE = 0.02, p < .001), whereas for high problem‐focused coping the effects are not statistically significant (β = .01, SE = 0.01, p > .05). The effects of stress on wellbeing are mediated by job crafting for teachers who score low on problem‐focused coping.
Use of inhaled antibiotics among Danish patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Møller Rikke , Nielsen Bibi Uhre , Faurholt‐Jepsen Daniel , Katzenstein Terese Lea , Skov Marianne , Philipsen Lue Katrine Drasbæk , Pressler Tacjana , Johansen Helle Krogh , Qvist Tavs
Published: April 2022

Background

Inhaled antibiotics are an important part of cystic fibrosis (CF) airway disease management and should be individualized to fit the microorganism and match patient needs. To investigate the implementation of personalized treatment, this study mapped the use of different types of inhaled antibiotics and adherence patterns.

Methods

We performed individual structured interviews in a cross‐sectional study at the CF Centre in Copenhagen, Denmark. Patients with CF older than 15 years attending clinical consultations were included. Clinical data were obtained from centralized databases.

Results

Among 149 participants, 107 (72%) had indication for treatment with inhaled antibiotics. In this group, 97 (91%) reported the use of inhaled antibiotics within the last 12 months. Change from one inhaled antibiotic to another during that period was reported by 31 (29%), and 17 (25%) with Pseudomonas aeruginosa had used off‐label antibiotics. Adherence to a minimum of one daily dose of antibiotic was reported by 78%, while adherence to all daily doses was 28 percentage points lower. Skipping inhalations was due to side effects and doubt about the effect in less than 5% of cases.

Conclusion

Change of inhaled antibiotics and use of off‐label antibiotics for inhalation were common and side effects were a rare cause of nonadherence. This suggests satisfactory implementation of the principle of tailored antibiotic inhalation prescription in the Copenhagen CF population. Adherence to at least one daily inhalation dose was markedly higher than adherence to multiple daily inhalations.
A literature review on joint control schemes in statistical process monitoring
Authors: Jalilibal Zahra , Amiri Amirhossein , Khoo Michael B.C.
Published: April 2022

Process monitoring is regarded as a continuous phenomenon requiring careful consideration to acquire an enhanced output quality. Dispersion and location are significant parameters in the entire process, and timely detection of the changes that occur in a stable process is needed. Today, quality practitioners recommend using a single charting setup offering better capability of detecting joint changes in the parameters of a process. As provided in the literature, a detailed review paper for simultaneous monitoring is conducted in 2013 which many reaserchers were attracted to publish papers in this field. In this paper, a meticulous content analysis (on the basis of 59 reviewed papers in the field of joint monitoring from 2013 to 2021) is exploited to classify the papers that includes joint control charts for statistical process monitoring (SPM), to identify the potential topics and present some suggestions for further studies in simultaneous monitoring.
Aluminum–nitrogen co‐doping improves the blue emission of ZnO films: A combined theoretical–experimental study
Authors: Ding Jijun , Yan Jiahui , Jin Yanxin , Cao Yulong , Chen Haixia
Published: April 2022

The investigation on visible emission of ZnO is necessary due its potential application in electrochemical communication, biosensor, and white light diodes, and so forth. Previous report indicates that the visible light of ZnO is related to the defect type and concentration. It can be regulated by various methods. However, quenching of light emission occurs if too many defects are introduced. In this work, combined with theoretical calculation about energy band structure, aluminum–nitrogen co‐doped ZnO is conducive to form p‐type semiconductor, but aluminum doped ZnO films tend to form a deep n‐type semiconductors. Therefore, in the experiment, aluminum–nitrogen co‐doped ZnO films are prepared using radio frequency magnetron sputtering. The substitution of oxygen using nitrogen impurity is expected to introduce more oxygen vacancies and interstitial zinc defects related to visible light emission. At the same time, annealing in vacuum is also a highly non‐equilibrium processes with low oxygen and high zinc contents. Results indicate that combined with aluminum–nitrogen co‐doping and an appropriate annealing temperature, the blue and blue‐green emission of ZnO films can be greatly improved.
Science with society: Challenges of early‐stage researchers engaging with transdisciplinary research in sustainability science
Authors: Thapa Kaustubh , Vermeulen Walter J. V. , Deutz Pauline
Published: April 2022

The ongoing social and ecological crises create urgency in academia and elsewhere to devise actionable problem‐solving knowledge to tackle sustainability challenges. Transdisciplinary research (TDR) represents a problem‐solving methodology for sustainability problems. TDR requires researchers to get out in the real world and engage with other societal actors to jointly produce such problem‐solving knowledge for research to have a societal impact. This radical process of doing “science with society” instead of “science for society” is becoming more urgent and relevant. However, a transdisciplinary (TD) researcher faces challenges: often, institutions have limited readiness for facilitating TDR, a researcher has to juggle the roles of an academic and changemaker simultaneously and needs new ways of doing science. The research process requires enough manoeuvring space to incorporate reflexivity, adaptiveness, and emergence based on the research context. The research uses case studies, interviews, reflections, and document analysis from two finished and one ongoing TDR PhDs in sustainability science and connects them with the TD literature. Based on previous and ongoing TDR by early‐stage researchers (ESRs), this article identifies and discusses six TDR challenges ESRs in sustainability sciences might face.
Severity classification of software code smells using machine learning techniques: A comparative study
Authors: Abdou Ashraf , Darwish Nagy
Published: April 2022

Code smell is a software characteristic that indicates bad symptoms in code design which causes problems related to software quality. The severity of code smells must be measured because it will help the developers when determining the priority of refactoring efforts. Recently, several studies focused on the prediction of design patterns errors using different detection tools. Nowadays, there is a lack of empirical studies regarding how to measure severity of code smells and which learning model is best to detect the severity of code smells. To overcome such gap, this paper focuses on measuring the severity classification of code smells depending on several machine learning models such as regression models, multinominal models, and ordinal classification models. The Local Interpretable Model Agnostic Explanations (LIME) algorithm was further used to explain the machine learning model's predictions and interpretability. On the other side, we extract the prediction rules generated by the Projective Adaptive Resonance Theory (PART) algorithm in order to study the effectiveness of using software metrics to predict code smells. The results of the experiments have shown that the accuracy of severity classification model is enhanced than baseline and ranking correlation between the predicted and actual model reaches 0.92–0.97 by using Spearman's correlation measure.
Effect of Heat Treatment on the Formability of Zn‐Coated Hot Stamping Steel
Authors: Li Xuetao , Ma Wenyu , Zheng Xuebin , Shao Rong , Zhang Yongqiang
Published: April 2022

Herein, the effect of heat treatment with die quenching on Zn‐coated hot stamping steel is analyzed. Heating temperatures are 850, 880, 900, and 930 °C, and soaking times are 4 and 8 min. Then, microstructure, hardness, coating layer morphology, element diffusion and distribution, formation of microcrack and microvoid, and oxidation are analyzed. Results reveal that as heating temperature increases, the Vickers hardness of Zn‐coated hot stamping steel increases when soaking time is 4 min, while it decreases when soaking time is 8 min. The least average hardness value is still larger than 460, resulting from the formation of the martensitic phase. The diffusion tends to be significant as heating temperature and soaking time increase. Both the diffusion and the evaporation affect the thickness of the coating layer remarkably. The average layer thickness is at least 18.2 μm. Microcrack generates in the coating layer due to different thermal expansions between substrate and coating layer and the melting of Zn or Zn–Fe binary phase with high content of Zn. Microvoid forms in the coating layer, resulting from the Kirkendall effect and oxidation of the Zn element. Moreover, with the increase in heating temperature and soaking time, Fe2O3 is also generated on the coating surface along with ZnO.
Communication strategies for moral rebels: How to talk about change in order to inspire self‐efficacy in others
Authors: Brouwer Claire , Bolderdijk Jan‐Willem , Cornelissen Gert , Kurz Tim
Published: April 2022

Current carbon‐intensive lifestyles are unsustainable and drastic social changes are required to combat climate change. To achieve such change, moral rebels (i.e., individuals who deviate from current behavioral norms based on ethical considerations) may be crucial catalyzers. However, the current literature holds that moral rebels may do more harm than good. By deviating from what most people do, based on a moral concern, moral rebels pose a threat to the moral self‐view of their observers who share but fail to uphold that concern. Those observers may realize that their behavior does not live up to their moral values, and feel morally inadequate as a result. Work on “do‐gooder derogation” demonstrates that rebel‐induced threat can elicit defensive reactance among observers, resulting in the rejection of moral rebels and their behavioral choices. Such findings suggest that advocates for social change should avoid triggering moral threat by, for example, presenting nonmoral justifications for their choices. We challenge this view by arguing that moral threat may be a necessary ingredient to achieve social change precisely because it triggers ethical dissonance. Thus, instead of avoiding moral justifications, it may be more effective to harness that threat. Ethical dissonance may offer the fuel needed for observers to engage in self‐improvement after being exposed to moral rebels, provided that observers feel capable of changing. Whether or not observers feel capable of changing, however, depends on how rebels communicate their moral choices to others—how they talk about change.

This article is categorized under:

Perceptions, Behaviour and Communication of Climate Change > Behaviour Change and Responses
The history of engineering leadership development in academia: Influences, influencers, and a general roadmap
Authors: Handley Meg , Lang Dena , Mittan Paul , Ragonese Andrea
Published: April 2022

This article provides an overview of the formation of engineering leadership programs across North America. The article describes how programs, learning communities, and research influenced the engineering leadership field.
Team leadership in engineering education
Authors: Wolfinbarger Kim Graves
Published: April 2022

Teamwork is an integral part of leadership, and many teamwork skills are also leadership skills. This chapter explains how instructors can help engineering students build their capacity for leadership while working in teams.
Inclusive leadership development for engineers
Authors: Pollock Meagan , Holly James , Leggett‐Robinson Pamela
Published: April 2022

This article presents a standards‐aligned, strategy‐driven leadership development model for equipping engineering students with skills to appreciate differences in the workplace and to collaborate and lead inclusively.
Developing an engineering leadership identity
Authors: Schell William J. , Hughes Bryce E.
Published: April 2022

This article posits the importance of viewing leadership development in engineering through an identity lens. The model presented shows the development of an engineering leadership identity at the intersection of engineering and leadership identities and explores that development through the findings from two national surveys with additional support from a deeper investigation using student focus groups.
Contextualizing engineering leadership development in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
Authors: Richardson John M. , McCain Karla S.
Published: April 2022

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) disciplines recognize the need for leadership development, but the lack of a professionally endorsed model has led to a patchwork of programmes across the nation, each with its unique brand of skills development. Leadership programmes in six diverse STEM fields are included.
Case Study #4: Pennsylvania State University
Authors: Lang Dena , Park John Jongho , Handley Meg
Published: April 2022

Pennsylvania State University is globally engaged, technically broad and culturally aware; and has been blazing the trail in Engineering Leadership Development with one of the first engineering leadership development programs in the United States.
Case Study #5: University of California San Diego – Gordon Engineering Leadership Center
Authors: Williams Ebonee P. M.
Published: April 2022

The goal of the Bernard and Sophia Gordon Engineering Leadership Center (the Gordon Center) at University of California San Diego is to develop effective engineering leaders. While anyone can lead, not all aspire to or master the skills required for effective leadership.
Applying AI to Manage Acute and Chronic Clinical Condition
Authors: Hagan Rachael , Gillan Charles J. , Shyamsundar Murali
Published: April 2022

Computer systems deployed in hospital environments, particularly physiological and biochemical real-time monitoring of patients in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) environment, routinely collect a large volume of data that can hold very useful information. However, the vast majority are either not stored and lost forever or are stored in digital archives and seldom re-examined. In recent years, there has been extensive work carried out by researchers utilizing Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques on these data streams, to predict and prevent disease states. Such work aims to improve patient outcomes, to decrease mortality rates and decrease hospital stays, and, more generally, to decrease healthcare costs.

This chapter reviews the state of the art in that field and reports on our own current research, with practicing clinicians, on improving ventilator weaning protocols and lung protective ventilation, using ML and AI methodologies for decision support, including but not limited to Neural Networks and Decision Trees. The chapter considers both the clinical and Computer Science aspects of the field. In addition, we look to the future and report how physiological data holds clinically important information to aid in decision support in the wider hospital environment.
Using a Legal Knowledge Graph for Multilingual Compliance Services in Labor Law, Contract Management, and Geothermal Energy
Authors: Kaltenboeck Martin , Boil Pascual , Verhoeven Pieter , Sageder Christian , Montiel-Ponsoda Elena , Calleja-Ibáñez Pablo
Published: April 2022

This chapter provides insights about the work done and the results achieved by the Horizon 2020-funded Innovation Action “Lynx—Building the Legal Knowledge Graph for Smart Compliance Services in Multilingual Europe.” The main objective of Lynx is to create an ecosystem of multilingual, smart cloud services to manage compliance based on a Legal Knowledge Graph (LKG), which integrates and links heterogeneous compliance data sources including legislation, case law, regulations, standards, and private contracts. The chapter provides a short introduction in regards to the market needs, gives an overview of the Lynx services available on the Lynx Services Platform (LySP), and provides valuable insights into three real-world compliance solutions developed on top of LySP together with Lynx’s industry partners, namely, (1) Labor Law (Cuatrecasas, Spain), (2) Contract Management (Cybly, Austria), and (3) Geothermal Energy (DNV.GL, the Netherlands).
Big Data Analytics in the Banking Sector: Guidelines and Lessons Learned from the CaixaBank Case
Authors: Alexopoulos Andreas , Becerra Yolanda , Boehm Omer , Bravos George , Chatzigiannakis Vasilis , Cugnasco Cesare , Demetriou Giorgos , Eleftheriou Iliada , Fodor Lidija , Fotis Spiros , Ioannidis Sotiris , Jakovetic Dusan , Kallipolitis Leonidas , Katusic Vlatka , Kavakli Evangelia , Kopanaki Despina , Leventis Christoforos , Marcos Mario Maawad , de Pozuelo Ramon Martin , Martínez Miquel , Milosevic Nemanja , Montanera Enric Pere Pages , Ristow Gerald , Ruiz-Ocampo Hernan , Sakellariou Rizos , Sirvent Raül , Skrbic Srdjan , Spais Ilias , Vasiliadis Giorgos , Vinov Michael
Published: April 2022

A large number of EU organisations already leverage Big Data pools to drive value and investments. This trend also applies to the banking sector. As a specific example, CaixaBank currently manages more than 300 different data sources (more than 4 PetaBytes of data and increasing), and more than 700 internal and external active users and services are processing them every day. In order to harness value from such high-volume and high-variety of data, banks need to resolve several challenges, such as finding efficient ways to perform Big Data analytics and to provide solutions that help to increase the involvement of bank employees, the true decision-makers. In this chapter, we describe how these challenges are resolved by the self-service solution developed within the I-BiDaaS project. We present three CaixaBank use cases in more detail, namely, (1)analysis of relationships through IP addresses, (2)advanced analysis of bank transfer payment in financial terminalsand (3)Enhanced control of customers in online banking, and describe how the corresponding requirements are mapped to specific technical and business KPIs. For each use case, we present the architecture, data analysis and visualisation provided by the I-BiDaaS solution, reporting on the achieved results, domain-specific impact and lessons learned.
Big Data-Driven Industry 4.0 Service Engineering Large-Scale Trials: The Boost 4.0 Experience
Authors: Lázaro Oscar , Alonso Jesús , Figueiras Paulo , Costa Ruben , Graça Diogo , Garcia Gisela , Canepa Alessandro , Calefato Caterina , Vallini Marco , Fournier Fabiana , Hazout Nathan , Skarbovsky Inna , Poulakidas Athanasios , Sipsas Konstantinos
Published: April 2022

In the last few years, the potential impact of big data on the manufacturing industry has received enormous attention. This chapter details two large-scale trials that have been implemented in the context of the lighthouse project Boost 4.0. The chapter introduces the Boost 4.0 Reference Model, which adapts the more generic BDVA big data reference architectures to the needs of Industry 4.0. The Boost 4.0 reference model includes a reference architecture for the design and implementation of advanced big data pipelines and the digital factory service development reference architecture. The engineering and management of business network track and trace processes in high-end textile supply are explored with a focus on the assurance of Preferential Certification of Origin (PCO). Finally, the main findings from these two large-scale piloting activities in the area of service engineering are discussed.
Distributed Big Data Analytics in a Smart City
Authors: Serrano Maria A. , Hadad Erez , Cavicchioli Roberto , Palmero Rut , Chiantore Luca , Amendola Danilo , Quiñones Eduardo
Published: April 2022

This chapter describes an actual smart city use-case application for advanced mobility and intelligent traffic management, implemented in the city of Modena, Italy. This use case is developed in the context of the European Union’s Horizon 2020 project CLASS [4]—Edge and Cloud Computation: A highly Distributed Software for Big Data Analytics. This use-case requires both real-time data processing (data in motion) for driving assistance and online city-wide monitoring, as well as large-scale offline processing of big data sets collected from sensors (data at rest). As such, it demonstrates the advanced capabilities of the CLASS software architecture to coordinate edge and cloud for big data analytics. Concretely, the CLASS smart city use case includes a range of mobility-related applications, including extended car awareness for collision avoidance, air pollution monitoring, and digital traffic sign management. These applications serve to improve the quality of road traffic in terms of safety, sustainability, and efficiency. This chapter shows the big data analytics methods and algorithms for implementing these applications efficiently.
Trade-Offs and Challenges of Serverless Data Analytics
Authors: García-López Pedro , Sánchez-Artigas Marc , Shillaker Simon , Pietzuch Peter , Breitgand David , Vernik Gil , Sutra Pierre , Tarrant Tristan , Juan-Ferrer Ana , París Gerard
Published: April 2022

Serverless computing has become very popular today since it largely simplifies cloud programming. Developers do no longer need to worry about provisioning or operating servers, and they have to pay only for the compute resources used when their code is run. This new cloud paradigm suits well for many applications, and researchers have already begun investigating the feasibility of serverless computing for data analytics. Unfortunately, today’s serverless computing presents important limitations that make it really difficult to support all sorts of analytics workloads. This chapter first starts by analyzing three fundamental trade-offs of today’s serverless computing model and their relationship with data analytics. It studies how by relaxing disaggregation, isolation, and simple scheduling, it is possible to increase the overall computing performance, but at the expense of essential aspects of the model such as elasticity, security, or sub-second activations, respectively. The consequence of these trade-offs is that analytics applications may well end up embracing hybrid systems composed of serverless and serverful components, which we call ServerMix in this chapter. We will review the existing related work to show that most applications can be actually categorized as ServerMix.
Biographische Orientierungen der Mittelschichten: gemeinschaftszentrierte Lebensführung, Berufsstolz-Lebensführung und investive Statusarbeit
Authors: Kumkar Nils C. , Holubek-Schaum Stefan , Gottschall Karin , Hollstein Betina , Schimank Uwe
Published: April 2022

Dieses Kapitel präsentiert die empirischen Ergebnisse hinsichtlich der vorgefundenen biographischen Orientierungen. Neben der investiven Statusarbeit, wie wir sie theoretisch konzipiert haben, zeigen sich in unseren Fällen noch zwei weitere Modi der Lebensführung, in denen Praktiken der investiven Statusarbeit zwar enthalten sind, aber anders biographisch ausgerichtet werden: eine gemeinschaftsorientierte Lebensführung und eine Lebensführung des Berufsstolzes. Ausgehend davon, dass allen Mittelschichtenangehörigen investive Statusarbeit als kulturell hegemoniale Vorstellung vom „guten Leben“ nahegelegt wird, ist ein Hauptergebnis unserer Untersuchung also, dass nicht alle dieser Anrufung nachkommen können oder wollen.10.1007/978-3-658-36566-0_2
Praktiken investiver Statusarbeit
Authors: Kumkar Nils C. , Holubek-Schaum Stefan , Gottschall Karin , Hollstein Betina , Schimank Uwe
Published: April 2022

Das Kapitel schildert die empirischen Ergebnisse zu den investiven Praktiken, mit denen die drei Modi der Mittelschichten-Lebensführung vollzogen werden: Berufliche Arbeit, Bildungsanstrengungen, die Pflege sozialer Beziehungen, Geldanlagen auf dem Finanzmarkt und elterliches Entscheiden über den Bildungsweg der eigenen Kinder sind dabei die Hauptbetätigungsfelder. Auch bestimmte Begrenzungen investiver Statusarbeit werden aufgezeigt.
Lebensführung in den Mittelschichten: unaufgeregt beharrlich
Authors: Kumkar Nils C. , Holubek-Schaum Stefan , Gottschall Karin , Hollstein Betina , Schimank Uwe
Published: April 2022

Das Kapitel zieht ein systematisches Fazit zu Erscheinungsformen und Bedingungen investiver Statusarbeit in den drei vorgefundenen Varianten und verortet unsere empirischen Befunde sodann im Verhältnis zu zentralen Einschätzungen prominenter zeitdiagnostischer Mittelschichtsstudien. Während diese eine teils verunsicherte, teils als Gewinner auftrumpfende Mitte in den Vordergrund stellen, machen wir auf die beharrliche Mitte aufmerksam - also auf jene, die unaufgeregt in Stimmungslage und Auftreten ein Leben führen, das durch die großen gesellschaftlichen Dynamiken wie Globalisierung, Ökonomisierung und Digitalisierung weder in exorbitante Höhen noch in ebensolche Tiefen getrieben wird.
Logarithmic corrections to the entropy of rotating black holes and black strings in AdS5
Authors: David Marina , Lezcano Alfredo González , Nian Jun , Pando Zayas Leopoldo A.
Published: April 2022

Abstract

We investigate logarithmic corrections to the entropy of supersymmetric, rotating, asymptotically AdS5 black holes and black strings. Within the framework of the AdS/CFT correspondence, the entropy of these black objects is determined, on the field theory side, by the superconformal index and the refined topologically twisted index of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory, respectively. We read off the logarithmic correction from those field-theoretic partition functions. On the gravity side, we take the near-horizon limit and apply the Kerr/CFT correspondence whose associated charged Cardy formula describes the degeneracy of states at subleading order and determines the logarithmic correction to the entropy. We find perfect agreement between these two approaches. Our results provide a window into precision microstate counting and demonstrate the efficacy of low-energy, symmetry-based approaches such as the Kerr/CFT correspondence for asymptotically AdS black objects under certain conditions.
Constraints on leptoquarks from lepton-flavour-violating tau-lepton processes
Authors: Husek Tomáš , Monsálvez-Pozo Kevin , Portolés Jorge
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Leptoquarks are ubiquitous in several extensions of the Standard Model and seem to be able to accommodate the universality-violation-driven B-meson-decay anomalies and the (g −2)μ discrepancy interpreted as deviations from the Standard Model predictions. In addition, the search for lepton-flavour violation in the charged sector is, at present, a major research program that could also be facilitated by the dynamics generated by leptoquarks. In this article, we consider a rather wide framework of both scalar and vector leptoquarks as the generators of lepton-flavour violation in processes involving the tau lepton. We single out its couplings to leptoquarks, thus breaking universality in the lepton sector, and we integrate out leptoquarks at tree level, generating the corresponding dimension-6 operators of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory. In ref. [1] we obtained model-independent bounds on the Wilson coefficients of those operators contributing to lepton-flavour-violating hadron tau decays and ℓ–τ conversion in nuclei, with ℓ = e, μ. Hence, we use those results to translate the bounds into the couplings of leptoquarks to the Standard Model fermions.
RG flows and thermofield-double states in holography
Authors: Das Suman , Kundu Arnab
Published: April 2022

Abstract

In this article, we consider a Renormalization Group flow of the Thermofield-Double state in a UV-complete description of Holography, by introducing a relevant deformation to the$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 4 super Yang-Mills theory at strong coupling. This RG-flow is known to have a non-trivial, interacting$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 1 fixed point at the IR. Geometrically, an RG-flow of the TFD-state naturally continues radially and inside the black hole event horizon and yields a Kasner-structure near singularity, as has been observed in recent works. We show that for a generic value of the deformation, the putative IR fixed point remains inside the black hole in a certain sense. By fine-tuning this deformation, the “fixed point” can be brought arbitrarily close to the event horizon, while always remaining inside. Physically, this distinguishes between the vanishing temperature limit of the RG-flows with the one at exactly zero temperature. We further discuss its general implications in the context of Holography, including a study of the recently-proposed Holographica-function, especially in the interior of the black hole. We also discuss how correlations between the two-copies of the TFD-state depend on this explicit RG-flow.
Stability of topological solitons, and black string to bubble transition
Authors: Bah Ibrahima , Dey Anindya , Heidmann Pierre
Published: April 2022

Abstract

We study the existence of smooth topological solitons and black strings as locally-stable saddles of the Euclidean gravitational action of five dimensional Einstein-Maxwell theory. These objects live in the Kaluza-Klein background of four dimensional Minkowski with an S1. We compute the off-shell gravitational action in the canonical ensemble with fixed boundary data corresponding to the asymptotic radius of S1, and to the electric and magnetic charges that label the solitons and black strings. We show that these objects are locally-stable in large sectors of the phase space with varying lifetime. Furthermore, we determine the globally-stable phases for different regimes of the boundary data, and show that there can be Hawking-Page transitions between the locally-stable phases of the topological solitons and black strings. This analysis demonstrates the existence of a large family of globally-stable smooth solitonic objects in gravity beyond supersymmetry, and presents a mechanism through which they can arise from the black strings.
Dark matter and muon g − 2 anomaly via scale symmetry breaking
Authors: Ghorbani Parsa
Published: April 2022

Abstract

The Standard Model (SM) without the Higgs mass term is scale invariant. Gildener and Weinberg generalized the scale invariant standard model (SISM) by including the multiplication of scalars in quartic forms. They pointed out that along the flat direction only one scalar -called the scalon- is classically massless and all other scalars are massive. Here we choose a SISM with one scalon and one heavy scalar and extend that further respecting the scale invariance by a vector-like lepton (VLL). By an appropriate choice of the flat direction, the heavy scalar enjoys the ℤ2 symmetry and is assumed as DM particle. The scalon connects the visible and dark sector via the Higgs-portal and by interacting with both the muon lepton and the VLL. The VLL is charged under U(1)Y and interacts with γ/Z bosons. We show that the model correctly accounts for the observed dark matter (DM) relic abundance in the universe, while naturally evading the current and future bounds from direct detection (DD) experiments. Moreover, the model is capable to explain the (g − 2)μ anomaly observed in Fermilab. We also show a feature in SISM scenarios which is not present in other Higgs-portal models; despite having the Higgs-portal term |H|2s2 (s being the scalon) in SISM, the effective potential after the electroweak symmetry breaking lacks an important expected vertex hs2. This property immediately forbids the tree-level invisible Higgs decay h → ss and the one-loop Higgs decay h → μ+μ−.
A General Simonenko Local Principle and Fredholm Condition for Isotypical Components
Authors: Baldare Alexandre
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we derive, from a general Simonenko’s local principle, Fredholm criteria for restriction to isotypical components. More precisely, we give a full proof, of the equivariant local principle for restriction to isotypical components of invariant pseudodifferential operators announced in Baldare et al. (Muenster J Math, 2021). Furthermore, we extend this result by relaxing the hypothesis made in the preceding quoted paper.
Orthogeriatric co-management: differences in outcome between major and minor fractures
Authors: Wiedl Andreas , Förch Stefan , Fenwick Annabel , Lisitano Leonard , Röttinger Timon , Nachbaur Thilo , Otto Alexander , Mayr Edgar
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Literature shows that orthogeriatric co-management improves the outcomes of patients with hip fractures. Corresponding research with more diverse fragility fracture groups is lacking.

Therefore, an examination was performed prospectively as a 2 year-follow-up on an orthogeriatric co-managed ward, comparing relevant outcome parameters for major and minor fragility fractures.

Methods

All patients treated on an orthogeriatric co-managed ward from February 2014 to January 2015 were included and their injuries, orthogeriatric parameters such as the Barthel Index (BI), Parker Mobility Score (PMS) and place of residence (POR). Patients were separated into two groups of either immobilizing major (MaF) or non-immobilizing minor (MiF) fractures. 2 years later, a follow-up was conducted via telephone calls and questionnaires mailed to patients and/or their relatives.

Results

740 (574 major vs. 166 minor injuries) patients were initially assessed, with a follow-up rate of 78.9%. The in-house, 1-year, and 2-year-mortality rates were 2.7, 27.4, and 39.2%, respectively. Mortality was significantly higher for MaF in the short term, but not after 2 years. On average, during the observation period, patients regained their BI by 36.7 points (95% CI: 33.80–39.63) and PMS was reduced by 1.4 points (95% CI: 1.16–1.68). No significant differences were found in the readmission rate, change in BI, PMS or POR between the MaF and MiF groups.

Conclusion

The relevance of orthogeriatric treatment to improving functional and socioeconomic outcomes was confirmed. The similarity of the results from both fracture groups emphasizes the need for a multidisciplinary approach also for minor fractures.
Dermatologische Versorgung von älteren Menschen mit Psoriasis vor und nach Eintritt in ein Pflegeheim
Authors: von Stuelpnagel C. C. , Petersen J. , Augustin M. , Sommer R.
Published: April 2022

Hintergrund

Demografische Veränderungen bewirken einen steilen Anstieg der Anzahl der über 65-Jährigen. Damit verbunden ist die Zunahme der Anzahl pflegebedürftiger, multimorbid Erkrankter. National wie auch international gibt es keine Informationen insbesondere zur Versorgung von Psoriasiserkrankten im Setting Pflegeheim und zur Frage, wie diese durch den Eintritt in ein Pflegeheim beeinflusst wird.

Fragestellung

Ziel war es, anhand von Interviews bzw. Fokusgruppen die Ergebnisse vorausgehender Routinedatenanalysen zur Versorgung Psoriasiserkrankter in Pflegeheimen mit medizinischen Versorgern (Dermatologen, Allgemeinmediziner, Pflegedienstleitungen und Pflegekräfte) zu diskutieren, Schwierigkeiten der Versorgung aufzudecken und abschließend Handlungsempfehlungen für eine zukunftsfähige gerontodermatologische Versorgung abzuleiten.

Material und Methoden

Durchgeführt wurden qualitative Leitfaden-gestützte Interviews und Fokusgruppen mit Dermatologen (n = 5), Allgemeinmedizinern (n = 7), Pflegekräften (n = 7) und Pflegedienstleitungen (n = 2). Die Daten wurden inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse

Die Auswertung ergab insgesamt 344 Aussagen, die insgesamt 14 Hauptkategorien zugeordnet werden konnten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass für die Versorgungsqualität von Menschen mit Hautkrankheiten, insbesondere Psoriasis, in Pflegeinrichtungen ein Verbesserungsbedarf besteht. Dieser zeigt sich sowohl auf ärztlicher als auch auf pflegerischer Ebene. Laut der Versorger (N = 21) kann dies insbesondere durch eine verstärkte digitale Versorgung, dermatologische Schulungen für Hausärzte und Pflegefachkräfte sowie engere Kooperationen zwischen den einzelnen Disziplinen adressiert werden.

Schlussfolgerung

Digitale Pflegekonsile, aber auch eine spezifische Leitlinie zur „Haut des alternden Menschen“ können von Nutzen sein, um die dermatologische Versorgungssituation im Pflegeheim zu verbessern und somit das Wohlbefinden der Betroffenen zu steigern.
Evaluation of reader performance during interpretation of breast cancer screening: the Recall and detection Of breast Cancer in Screening (ROCS) trial study design
Authors: Sechopoulos Ioannis , Abbey Craig K. , van der Waal Daniëlle , Geertse Tanya , Tetteroo Eric , Pijnappel Ruud M. , Broeders Mireille J.M.
Published: April 2022

The magnitude of the tradeoff between recall rate (RR) and cancer detection rate (CDR) in breast-cancer screening is not clear, and it is expected to depend on target population and screening program characteristics. Multi-reader multi-case research studies, which may be used to estimate this tradeoff, rely on enriched datasets with artificially high prevalence rates, which may bias the results. Furthermore, readers participating in research studies are subject to “laboratory” effects, which can alter their performance relative to actual practice. The Recall and detection Of breast Cancer in Screening (ROCS) trial uses a novel data acquisition system that minimizes these limitations while obtaining an estimate of the RR-CDR curve during actual practice in the Dutch National Breast Cancer Screening Program. ROCS involves collection of at least 40,000 probability-of-malignancy ratings from at least 20 radiologists during interpretation of approximately 2,000 digital mammography screening cases each. With the use of custom-built software on a tablet, and a webcam, this data was obtained in the usual reading environment with minimal workflow disruption and without electronic access to the review workstation software. Comparison of the results to short- and medium-term follow-up allows for estimation of the RR-CDR and receiver operating characteristics curves, respectively. The anticipated result of the study is that performance-based evidence from practice will be available to determine the optimal operating point for breast-cancer screening. In addition, this data will be useful as a benchmark when evaluating the impact of potential new screening technologies, such as digital breast tomosynthesis or artificial intelligence.

Key Points

• The ROCS trial aims to estimate the recall rate–cancer detection rate curve during actual screening practice in the Dutch National Breast Cancer Screening Program.

• The study design is aimed at avoiding the influence of the “laboratory effect” in usual observer performance studies.

• The use of a tablet and a webcam allows for the acquisition of probability of malignancy ratings without access to the review workstation software.
Assessing the large-scale drivers of precipitation in the northeastern United States via linear orthogonal decomposition
Authors: Sukhdeo Raymond , Ullrich Paul A. , Grotjahn Richard
Published: April 2022

This study examines the linear orthogonal modes associated with monthly precipitation in the northeastern United States, from CESM1 LENS (35 ensemble members, 1979–2005) and two reanalysis datasets (ERA5, 1950–2018 and NOAA-CIRES-DOE 20CRv3, 1950–2015). Calendar months are aggregated together, and any linear trends in data are removed. Using region-averaged precipitation anomaly time series and monthly anomalies for several global 2D atmospheric fields, a linear orthogonal decomposition method is implemented to iteratively extract time series (based on field and geographic location) of absolute maximum correlation. Linear modes associated with this method are then projected onto the full set of 2D fields to provide physical insight into the mechanisms involved in generating precipitation. In this region, the first mode is associated with vapor transport from the Atlantic seaboard, the second mode is characterized by westward vapor transport associated with extratropical cyclones, and the third mode captures vapor transport from the Gulf of Mexico during the fall and winter. However, the third mode is less robust in the spring and summer. Results are generally consistent across the datasets, and applying multiple linear regression with the linear modes to predict the precipitation anomalies produces R-squared values of around 0.54–0.65 for CESM1 LENS, and around 0.58–0.88 for reanalysis, with the lowest values generally in the spring and late summer. The influence of low-frequency climate variability on the modes is considered for CESM1 LENS, and the modes in late winter can be predicted with some success via a combination of several, prominent large-scale teleconnection patterns.
Surgical arthrolysis of the stiff elbow: a systematic review
Authors: Lanzerath Fabian , Wegmann Kilian , Hackl Michael , Uschok Stephan , Ott Nadine , Müller Lars P. , Leschinger Tim
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Stiffness after elbow injuries can severely limit daily life. If adequate conservative treatment does not result in satisfactory improvement of elbow function, surgical intervention should be considered. Whether an open or arthroscopic procedure is preferable is still a topic of debate and a systematic review of functional outcomes is lacking.

Materials and methods

We systematically reviewed the available literature searching electronic databases, MEDLINE using the PubMed interface and EMBASE, for studies published between 2013 and 2021. Primary objective was to compare open and arthroscopic arthrolysis’ functional outcomes, respectively, especially ROM and MEPS, as well as the accompanied complications. The PRISMA guidelines were applied.

Results

27 studies comprising 1666 patients were included. 1059 patients (63.6%) were treated with open arthrolysis, and 607 patients (36.4%) were treated with arthroscopic arthrolysis. The results presented indicate satisfactory outcomes in open and arthroscopic arthrolysis with regard to functional outcome parameters. Treatment success, defined as excellent or good results according to the Mayo Elbow Performance Score, among the patients treated with an open procedure was 88.8%; 6.3% required revision whereas 18.1% had complications without the need for revision surgery. Within the cohort of arthroscopically treated patients, treatment success was 91.8%. Revisions and complications without further surgical intervention were significantly less frequent than in the open cohort, at 1.6% and 9.1%, respectively.

Conclusions

Both open and arthroscopic arthrolysis provide good to excellent functional outcomes. Since the number of complications and revision increases with the invasiveness of the treatment, an arthroscopic procedure might be favored if feasible by indication. The role of forearm rotation and the use of a hinged external fixator remains of interest.

Study design

Level IV; Systematic review.
Is contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy better than conventional fine needle biopsy? A retrospective study in a medical center
Authors: Lai Jian-Han , Lin Ching-Chung , Lin Hsiang-Hung , Chen Ming-Jen
Published: April 2022

Background

Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (CE-EUS-FNA) could help clinicians to precisely locate and puncture lesions, but its effect on the diagnostic yield improvement is controversial. We designed this study to observe the additional benefit of using contrast in EUS-guided tissue sampling while performing fine needle biopsy (FNB) instead of FNA, as FNB results in a higher diagnostic accuracy.

Method

Patients who underwent EUS-FNB performed by a single medical team from January 2019 to March 2021 were included in this study. We analyzed the cytopathological diagnostic accuracy rate and number of needle passes between groups who underwent FNB with and without contrast.

Result

We divided 133 patients who were diagnosed with a malignancy into two groups according to whether they underwent CE-EUS-FNB (n = 48) or conventional EUS-FNB (n = 85). The CE-EUS-FNB group had an equal diagnostic accuracy rate with fewer needle passes compared with the conventional EUS-FNB group. There was no significant trend change in the success cytopathological diagnostic rate for experienced endoscopists for EUS-FNA.

Conclusion

CE-EUS-FNB had fewer needle passes but no additional benefit for diagnostic yield improvement. There was no difficult threshold for CE-EUS-FNB for endoscopists who were well trained in conventional FNA.