bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Breastfeeding in Iceland: Changes in prevalence and duration over a century
Authors:   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Landspitali- The National University Hospital, Iceland, Eiríksdóttir Ingibjörg , Ólafsdóttir Elínborg J ,   Research and Registration Center, The Icelandic Cancer Society, Tryggvadóttir Laufey ,   Research and Registration Center, The Icelandic Cancer Society, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Steingrímsdóttir Þóra ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Landspitali- The National University Hospital, Iceland, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland
Published: November 2023

INTRODUCTION: Worldwide, the health-promoting effects of breastfeeding on children and their mothers are indisputable. The frequency and duration of breastfeeding varies greatly internationally but studies on prevalence and influencing factors of breastfeeding in Iceland are scanty and the published ones deal with small groups. The aim of this research is to describe the epidemiology of breastfeeding duration and its influencing factors in Iceland among a large cohort in a whole population over almost one century. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a historical cohort study, using data from The Cancer Detection Clinic Cohort of The Icelandic Cancer Society, collected retrospectively by questionnaires during the years 1964-2008. The data consisted of mothers´ reported information on breastfeeding of their 81,889 children, 36,537 first-borns and 45,352 younger siblings. The frequency and duration of breastfeeding was calculated and the effects of the following exposure variables were assessed: Maternal age, BMI (N=4950, data collected 1979-2008) and smoking (N=32.087, data collected 1995-2008), the child's year of birth and its order in the sibling group. RESULTS: The children were born in the period of 1917-2008. In the late 1970s, the average duration of breastfeeding began to increase, in all age groups of mothers, increasing rapidly from 3 months to 7-8 months. At about the same time, the breastfeeding duration increased depending on the birth order of the children, younger children were breastfed for longer than their older siblings. Women with normal weight (BMI 18.5 to 24.9) breastfed their babies the longest, while obese women breastfed the shortest. Women with any history of smoking reported shorter duration of breastfeeding than women who had never smoked. CONCLUSION: The increase in the average duration of breastfeeding in Iceland a few decades ago is in accordance with the information in the World Health Organization's database from European countries 1975-2000, where the Nordic countries and most Northern European countries promoted breastfeeding at a similar time. High BMI and maternal smoking are important variables when studying breastfeeding and this study indicates their negative association with the duration of breastfeeding.
Prevalence and factors of vocal symptoms amongst school teachers in the United Arab Emirates: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Naryani Priyanka , Khuzhaima Sakina , Jamil Javairia , Sharaf Joudi , Ubaid Safa , Sreejith Anusha
Published: November 2023

Background: Teaching is an occupation that mainly relies on one to use one's voice as a tool. Hence, teachers are at a greater risk than most for developing a voice disorder. This study determined the prevalence and risk factors of vocal symptoms among schoolteachers.
Methods: A cross-sectional study including 318 teachers and a self-reported questionnaire was used to collect data over six months. The chi-square test was used to assess the association. Logistic regression was used to determine the degree of association. P≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Informed consent was taken from all participants, and ethics approval was obtained from the International Review of Boards Committee.
Results: 77.4% of the teachers suffered from vocal difficulties during their teaching careers. Years of teaching, class size, and behavioral factors such as stress, exerting extra muscular pressure while talking, speaking in a loud tone, weather conditions, and health conditions such as tonsillitis were significantly associated with the prevalence of vocal symptoms in teachers.
Conclusions: The prevalence of vocal symptoms was found to be very high. It was directly proportionate to the number of years of teaching; behavioral factors such as talking loudly, being stressed while teaching, and applying extra pressure on the neck muscles and weather conditions all impacted acquiring vocal symptoms.
The influence of family function and structure on depression in middle aged women
Authors: Orji Eloho J. , Ilesanmi Stephen O. , Adesokan Adekunle O. , Akinboboye Olubankole O. , Ahmed Adeagbo L. , Akinyugha Akintunde O. , Edo-Osagie Ede B. , Atimoh Charles O. , Kareem Abiodun J. , Aiyeku Olajumoke M.
Published: November 2023

Background: Depression is both a mood disorder and a chronic illness of public health importance that accounts for a great socioeconomic burden worldwide. The family influences the health beliefs and health related behavior and it is supposed to provide emotional, financial, physical and emotional support during this period. Aim of the study was to assess the influence of family function and structure on depression in middle-aged women.
Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based study. Three hundred and two (302) middle-aged women were recruited by simple random sampling method. Relevant data were collected using pretested interviewer administered questionnaire that incorporated family structure, family APGAR and major depression inventory (MDI).
Results: More than half (56%) of the participants had a functional family, 66.2% of them were in a monogamous marriage while 64.7% were from a nuclear family. The prevalence of depression was 5.3%; 31.3% of these were from functional family while 68.7% were from dysfunctional family. There was a significant association between family functionality, spousal characteristics such as wife beating and spousal alcohol use with depression.
Conclusions: The prevalence of depression was low amongst married middle-aged women currently living with their spouses while no relationship was noted between family structure and depression. Family assessment especially family functionality is highly recommended in assessing depression.
Prevalence and risk factor of diabetes and hypertension in northeastern and south Indian region in India: insights from large scale survey data
Authors: Verma Akanksha , Sunita  , Yadav Alok Kumar , Singh Charan , Saxena Anjali , Singh Gajraj
Published: November 2023

Background: Hypertension and diabetes, two of the major global risks for mortality are on a rapid rise in developing nations and leading risk factors for a hero sclerosis and its complications, including heart attacks and strokes. It is predicted that by 2030, India’s diabetes burden will be almost 87 million people. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and risk factor of diabetes and hypertension in northeastern and south Indian region in India.
Methods: This study utilised the fourth wave of the national family health survey (2015-16). Bivariate, multivariable logistic regression analyses were done to meet the aim of the paper.
Results: Analysis shows that the highest prevalence of prehypertension is higher in Sikkim state whereas the prevalence of hypertension men is higher in also Sikkim state. Prevalence of women is prehypertension in Sikkim state and hypertensive women is higher prevalence in Nagaland and Assam state.
Conclusions: Diabetes is developing with multi-morbidity like hypertension. Thus, there is need to provide the health education to diabetic people by public and private health care services and increase the health awareness in the society at grass root level. The main reason behind diabetes is heredity, less physical activity, higher body mass index, and increased cholesterol level in that group of south India and northeastern region. There is need that people should change their lifestyle and government should build the structure of city with health perspective.
Assessment of the patient satisfaction level with outpatient department services in a tertiary care hospital of Jammu region
Authors: Sharma Rakesh K. , Gupta Riya , Kapoor Anuj , Zaffer Imran , Hassan Zahidul , Chalotra Ritika , Singh Amandeep , Gupta Rajiv K.
Published: November 2023

Background: Outpatient department (OPD) is that section of the hospital which is staffed and equipped to provide diagnostic, therapeutic and rehabilitative care to those patients who are not registered as inpatients while receiving the services during scheduled working hours. Objective of the study was to assess the patient satisfaction level with OPD services in a tertiary-care hospital of Jammu region.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients visiting the OPD of the SMGS hospital GMC Jammu from January to March 2023. Exit interviews were conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire among patients availing the services from OPD.
Results: Average percentage of total satisfaction score among sampled OPD patients has come out to be 68.13% whereas total average dissatisfaction score was 20.87% and the total average mild dissatisfaction score as 11.00%.
Conclusions: This study suggests that patients were satisfied to a larger extent with OPD services except a few which are least satisfied especially with waiting time at registration counter.
Evaluating the impacts of lockdown duties on mental health of male police personnel in Eluru City, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Mediboina Anjali , Sarathy Naidana Partha , Reshma Sri Vemuri , Sree Lakshmi Makaraju
Published: November 2023

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic placed immense demands on frontline workers, including police personnel, who bore the responsibilities of maintaining public order during lockdowns. This study focused on male police officers in rural India, examining the mental health impact of their post-lockdown duties, which included enforcing pandemic-related measures.
Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among police personnel in Eluru, Andhra Pradesh. Data was collected through interviews, using the depression, anxiety, and stress scale-21 (DASS-21) to assess mental health. Demographic variables (age, marital status) and stimulant use (tea, coffee, and cigarettes) were analyzed for associations with mental health scores via ANOVA.
Results: Among 70 participants, the majority were aged 25-30 (37%), married (61.4%), and consumed stimulants, primarily tea (84.3%). Overall, participants reported moderate stress (mean =8±4.1), while anxiety levels varied (mean =2.73±3.34), and depression was generally low (mean =0.17±0.66). Age, marital status and stimulant use were found to be significantly associated with subscale scores, 36-40 age groups more likely to report anxiety and stress. Married individuals were more likely to report depression and anxiety. Stimulant use was associated with all three subscales.
Conclusions: This study revealed the mental health of rural male police personnel after COVID-19 lockdown duties. It emphasizes generational stress differences and the influence of stimulants. Stigma, masculine norms, and rural challenges may suppress depression and anxiety reporting. Policymakers should act on these insights, fostering mental health awareness and interventions for this vital workforce. Longitudinal studies are crucial for deeper understanding.
Effect of patient education and healthcare campaigns on medication adherence in co-morbid patients
Authors: Abdullah Marwah Yakoop , Alanazi Afrah Farhan , Alandijani Abdulaziz Amin , Alshehri Mazen Saleh , Aljuaid Faris Saud , Saab Noura Abdullah Bin , Alshihri Reem Ali , Ali Majed Hassan , Alghamdi Mohammed Abdullah , Hammad Marwa Yusuf , Althumali Jameel Sami
Published: November 2023

Co-morbidities are characterized by the presence of multiple chronic diseases within a single individual. They pose an escalating healthcare challenge and managing this growing burden, particularly with non-communicable diseases, has become a major concern. However, a significant impediment to effective management lies in medication nonadherence. The importance of medication adherence has long been a focus of healthcare literature, yet many comorbid patients tend to underestimate its significance, leading to health deterioration. Research studies indicate alarmingly low adherence rates in comorbid patients. To address this issue, patient education and healthcare campaigns have become essential tools in enhancing adherence. The research, which commenced on October 19, 2023, was initiated after an exhaustive review of existing academic literature. Multiple databases, such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane, were employed for this comprehensive literature review, utilizing a wide array of medical terminology combinations. The study aims to shed light on potential strategies and educational approaches to enhance medication adherence in comorbid patients. Findings from this research have the potential to influence healthcare policy, the design of tailored interventions, and overall healthcare delivery improvements for co-morbid patients, ultimately leading to enhanced health outcomes, reduced costs, and an improved quality of life.
Evaluation, treatment, complications, and prognosis of craniosynostosis
Authors: Sindy Ebtihal A. , Aloudah Ebtehal M. , Alamani Saud F. , Alqahtani Abdullah M. , Alawad Hussain R. , Alteraigi Abdullah A. , Alrawsaa Faisal A. , Alharbi Mohammed S. , Sangoura Suzan I. , Shehatah Ahmad U. , Hakami Reem M.
Published: November 2023

Craniosynostosis is a congenital craniofacial anomaly that typically presents at birth and affects the skull's shape. It is characterized by the premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures in infants, which can impair brain development and function. While craniosynostosis is considered rare, it has a global prevalence of around three to six cases in 10,000 live births. This review article aims to synthesize the latest developments in diagnostic techniques, treatment strategies, and potential complications for the benefit of healthcare providers, researchers, and affected families. This review commenced on 31 October 2023, following a thorough examination of existing literature. Diverse databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane, were utilized for the literature review. Early diagnosis and evaluation involve a multidisciplinary approach, including clinical assessments, medical history reviews, and advanced imaging techniques like computed tomography (CT) scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Surgical intervention is the primary treatment option, with the goal of releasing or reshaping the fused sutures to allow for normal skull growth. While open surgical procedures like suturectomy have been prevalent, less invasive methods like minimally invasive endoscopic strip craniectomy are becoming more popular due to reduced complications. Untreated craniosynostosis can lead to complications such as increased intracranial pressure, developmental delays, vision and hearing problems, and psychosocial impacts, emphasizing the importance of timely intervention. However, surgical treatments carry their own risks, necessitating a well-planned and individualized approach. Overall, the prognosis for craniosynostosis is generally positive, and factors such as the specific type of craniosynostosis, the timing of treatment, and the quality of post-operative care all influence outcomes. Prenatal diagnosis and multidisciplinary care have emerged as valuable tools for improving prognosis.
Assessing prescribing practices in Indian health facilities: a comprehensive review
Authors: Razdan Danish , Yadav Shikha , Gudibanda Kavita Rajesh , Dudhraj Vibhor , Anand Shailja , Kaur Suneet , Bahl Arti
Published: November 2023

Prescription patterns play a critical role in healthcare delivery, affecting the efficacy of medication therapy and resource utilization. Rational prescribing practices are essential for safe and effective healthcare, necessitating comprehensive prescriptions containing medication details, prescriber information, and patient instructions. This review explores prescription completeness and rationality, utilizing WHO prescribing indicators and other completeness metrics, across Indian healthcare facilities. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar for original research articles published between 2013 and 2023, focusing on WHO-recommended prescribing indicators and completeness criteria. Inclusion criteria covered articles in English, spanning primary, secondary, or tertiary care settings. Data from selected articles were extracted and analysed. Data were synthesized from sixty-seven studies, depicting various prescribing practices. The assessment encompassed prescribing, patient care, and facility indicators. Findings highlighted challenges such as illegible prescriptions, incomplete details, polypharmacy, brand name dominance, and inappropriate antibiotic use. Despite WHO recommendations, generic prescribing was limited. This review reiterates the need for interventions to enhance prescription quality, patient safety, and cost-effectiveness. Recommendations include adopting electronic prescribing systems, standardizing prescription formats, conducting regular prescription audits, implementing educational programs, promoting generic drug use, and adhering to essential medicines lists. These multifaceted strategies can improve prescribing practices and ultimately contribute to enhanced healthcare outcomes in India.
The impact of lockdowns or severe social restrictions during COVID-19 pandemic on glycaemic control of adults suffering with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a review
Authors: Sheik Sanaulla , Sultana Samar , Haqh Shafia
Published: November 2023

Glycemic control in diabetes has shown to improve insulin sensitivity and reduce both microvascular and microvascular complications in diabetes mellitus. In 2020, with the globe facing COVID-19 pandemic. The governments and authorities resorted to lockdowns to reduce the spread of infection. We aimed to find the impact of lockdowns during COVID-19 pandemic on glycaemic control of adults suffering with type 2 diabetes mellitus. (T2DM). We systematically searched 5 medical databases MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, web of science and Cochrane library up to 16th November 2021 using key terms. Total of 24899 articles were identified by the search, of which 17571 articles were excluded for duplication, 7303 were excluded after screening for title and abstract, and further 16 articles excluded after full text review. We analyzed the final 9 observational studies fulfilling the criteria. The 2177 participants from final 9 observational studies, 5 studies showed worsening glycemic control during lockdown period, 2 reported improvement and 2 showed no significant change. We noticed that weight was correlating with glycated hemoglobin change. Studies with lockdown period >10weeks reported greater HbA1c deterioration and the farther HbA1c check done from start of lockdown, higher HbA1c values noticed. Glycemic control overall in type 2 diabetes has worsened due to lockdown measures which may be due to reduced physical activity, change in diet or psychosocial changes. There has also been increase in BMI (Body Mass Index) correlating with raise in HbA1c. More in-depth review is required into long term impact of lockdowns on diabetes.
Depositional environment and sequence stratigraphy of the Qom Formation (Miocene) from the Ghalibaf section, Central Iran
Authors: Sharifi Jafar , Nasiri Yaghub , Badpa Mahdi , Taghdisi Nikbakht Samira , Hadi Mehdi
Published: November 2023

The Miocene strata of the Qom Formation from the Ghalibaf section, Central Iran (NW Semnan) documented a high diversity of shallow-marine microfacies. These deposits in the Ghalibaf section, with a total thickness of 445 m, are characterized by twenty-one microfacies. The carbonate microfacies are deposited into five facies belts, including a lagoon, upper slope, lower slope, platform-margin sand shoals and margin facies. The presence of barrier reefs, intraclasts, oncoids, and grainstone aggregates, along with the absence of vast tidal flat areas, are distinguished. According to the aforementioned evidences, these sediments were deposited on a rimmed carbonate platform. In addition, the heterolithic calciturbidite deposits also show that the carbonate sequences were sedimented on a rimmed carbonate platform. Based on the available data of sequence stratigraphy analysis, seven third-order depositional sequences are bounded by type-1 and type-2 sequence boundaries. The relative sea-level changes between the upper and lower sequence boundaries in accord with the global sea-level curves reveal a reasonable correlation. However, some differences in other sequence boundaries might be due to local tectonic activities in the Qom Formation sedimentary basin, thereby leading to local sea-level changes. Moreover, biostratigraphic data based on the larger foraminifera index markers, including Praebullalveolina curdica, Borelis melo, Dendritina rangi, Meandropsina iranica, Elphidium sp. 14, Neorotalia viennoti, and Miogypsina sp. suggests the Miocene Shallow Benthic Zones, SBZ24-SBZ25 equivalent to the late Aquitanian-Burdigalian timespan.
Parametrización petrofísica de secuencias siliciclásticas areno-arcillosas con redes neuronales
Authors: López-Aguirre Daniel , García-Benítez Silvia Raquel , Nicolás-López Rubén , Coconi-Morales Enrique
Published: November 2023

En este trabajo se utilizan redes neuronales como una ventajosa herramienta para estimar parámetros petrofísicos de la columna estratigráfica atravesada por varios pozos. Los parámetros porosidad, volúmenes minerales y saturación de agua e hidrocarburos, se obtienen a partir de registros geofísicos de pozo básicos (rayos gamma, resistividad profunda, densidad volumétrica y tiempo de tránsito) y se infieren para otras zonas de la misma área geológica, en los que no se cuenta con este cuadro de información. Este análisis se realizó en secuencias siliciclásticas areno-arcillosas atravesadas por varios pozos perforados para alcanzar un yacimiento de hidrocarburos de baja permeabilidad. Se presentan estimaciones con modelos empíricos para enfrentarlas con las obtenidos con las redes neuronales de forma que se califique la actuación de la alternativa inteligente. Las leyes que rigen la dinámica de los parámetros, así como los detalles del contexto geológico quedan inmersos en los pesos de la red y la consistencia fenomenológica está definida a través de la congruencia de las entradas para conseguir las salidas elegidas. Se muestra la forma en la que el modelo neuronal habilita la propagación confiable de valores de propiedad y se convierte en un ventajoso auxiliar en el estudio de contextos geológicos muy complejos o escasamente parametrizados en los que las condiciones para la aplicación de correlaciones y métodos empíricos, así como el tiempo que se invierte en los procesos de ajuste y contextualización de registros, menguan la calidad y cantidad del conocimiento que se obtiene sobre el medio.
COMPARISON OF CONVENTIONAL AND DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR MAKING THE EAR EPITHESIS
Authors: Murashov Mikhail , Stepanova Svetlana , Platonova Maria , Grindenko Sofia , Derezina Sofia
Published: November 2023

Subject. Digital and conventional technologies for the making of ear epitheses.

Objectives. To compare different methods of making ear epithesis according to the following criteria: timing, accuracy, ergonomics.

Methodology. The study was carried out in Department of Propaedeutics and Prosthetics Technologies in Dentistry of DF, at the Moscow State University of Medial Dentistry named after A.I. Evdokimov. The students – volunteers' auricles were scanned with three different smartphone apps, two intraoral scanners and a facial scanner.

Results. The 3D image obtained using a smartphone camera is comparable to models obtained using facial scanners, and the scanning process is simple and does not require special skills. Facial scanners are expensive equipment that require careful maintenance and certain skills for proper operation. Intraoral scanners are not initially designed for the production of facial epitheses; they partially capture the surface of interest, which requires operator intervention, which eliminates the accuracy of the manufactured structure. The conventional method is the least ergonomic, labor-intensive and requires professional competencies and skills in modeling the complex anatomy of epitheses.

Conclusion. The most user friendly for making the ear epithesis was smartphone scanning, because in this case required minimal intervention by a operator for finishing the image of 3D copy healthy auricle of the patient.
RATIONALE FOR THE USE OF DORZALLY TILTED DISTAL ARTIFICIAL SUPPORTS FOR EXTENDED IMPLANT PROSTHESES IN ELDERLY PATIENTS
Authors: Parshin Yuriy , Mishnev Maksim , Trezubov Vladimir , Rozov Roman
Published: November 2023

The subject of the research is implant prosthetics.

The goal is to increase the efficiency of implant prosthetics by optimizing the design of the prosthesis.

Methodology. 131 patients (57 men and 74 women) aged from 60 to 82 years (mean age 68.3 ± 7.3 years) were examined.

The patients were divided into 3 groups: group 1 – 36 patients (14 men and 22 women with an average age of 70.1 ± 5.4 years) with vertical distal implants without dorsal weight; group 2 – 44 people (19 men, 25 women with an average age of 69.4 ± 7.2 years) with inclined distal implants without dorsal weight; group 3 – 51 people (24 men and 27 women with an average age of 68.4 ± 6.8 years) with inclined distal implants, which also carried the dorsal body of the prosthesis with unilateral support on them.

The condition of the peri-implant bone was assessed using 16 criteria obtained using clinical and instrumental research methods. The study of the distributions and magnitude of elastic stresses in the peri-implant bone was carried out using mathematical modeling using finite elements.

Results. Identical results were obtained for the reaction of the peri-implant bone and mucous membrane of the peri-implant cuff, as well as the levels of preservation of implants and implant prostheses in the long term (2–3 years) in patients with different configurations of the distal parts of extended implant prostheses. Mathematical modeling by the finite element method also showed the non-criticality of the distribution of elastic stresses in the prosthesis, distal implant, compact and cancellous bone with different configurations of the distal parts of the prosthesis.

Conclusion. Inclined implants, including those with additional load in the form of a dorsal body with unilateral support, can be quite widely used in elderly patients.
INFLUENCE OF PERSONAL ORAL HYGIENE PRODUCTS ON THE DYNAMICS OF PERIODONTAL STATUS OF PREGNANT WOMEN
Authors: Shiyanova Anastasiya , Orehova Lyudmila , Kudryavtseva Tatyana , Prokhorova Olga , Berezkina Irina , Tasaeva Ekaterina
Published: November 2023

Subject. The hygienic condition of the oral cavity of pregnant women, using oral hygiene products of national production.

Objectives. Studying the influence of personal oral hygiene products on pregnant women's periodontal status.

Methodology. The study involved 90 pregnant women in the second trimester of pregnancy with symptoms of periodontal disease. All patients filled out a questionnaire and underwent a comprehensive dental examination with the determination of the Green–Vermillion hygiene indexes, API, PMA indexes, and Orekhova–Ulitovsky's sensitivity index. Pregnant women were taught the correct technique of brushing their teeth. Furthermore, they were divided into three groups: the first group used the toothpaste of national production, the second used the toothpaste and the mouthwash of national production, and the third group was control. The control of the study was carried out in 2 and 4 weeks with repeated completion of the questionnaire and the determination of indices.

Results. According to the survey, 72% of pregnant women noted bleeding gums and bad breath during pregnancy. Examination of the oral cavity after using the toothpaste and the mouthwash of the national production showed a significant reduction in plaque formation and a decrease in hygienic and periodontal indexes compared to the control group.

Conclusion

1. Using the toothpaste and the mouthwash of the national production helped eliminate subjective sensations in pregnant women in the area of bad breath and tooth sensitivity.

2. The toothpaste and the mouthwash of the national production have a beneficial effect on periodontal tissues, reducing plaque formation and inflammation in pregnant women's periodontal tissues.

3. Using both toothpaste and mouthwash of national production appeared to be the most effective.
CLINICAL AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE PREVALENCE OF ORAL MUCOSAL DISEASES IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN DEPENDING ON FAMILY TYPE AND MORPHOFUNCTIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE KID
Authors: Khadyeva Madina , Galiullin Afgat
Published: November 2023

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the prevalence of oral mucosa diseases in preschool children living in the Republic of Tatarstan, taking into account family type and morphofunctional development. The subject of the study is diseases of the oral mucosa in preschool children.

The goal is to study the effect of family type on the occurrence of oral mucosal diseases in preschool children depending on their morphofunctional development.

Methodology. The study was carried out on the basis of the UniDent dental clinics chain, as well as in the «Fairy Tale» preschool commercial institution and municipal preschool institutions of the Republic of Tatarstan. The voluntary study involved 2,556 children of both sexes from 2,429 families. The children examined were divided into groups depending on the type of family. The study identified 5 types of families: full families, single-parent families, extended families, restored families, and replacement families.

Results and discussion. The most vulnerable were children from the replacement families, the prevalence of which reached 100%, the least prone children from full families – 40.7%. Some of the most common diseases of the oral mucosa were acute herpes stomatitis and traumatic injuries of oral mucosa. Analysis showed that the group of 4.6–6 years recorded the highest prevalence of diseases. No significant difference was found in the study of the effect of sex on the occurrence of oral mucosa diseases.

Conclusions. The results of the study indicate a high prevalence of oral mucosal diseases, however, the disparate prevalence of these diseases in children depending on the type of family. There were no significant gender differences in the prevalence of oral mucosal disease. The data obtained on the high prevalence of oral diseases among preschool children indicate a steady increase in dental morbidity, as well as the influence of the child's family type.
Introduction
Authors: Gobbi Mary
Published: November 2023

This Edition of the Journal comprise eleven papers, of which six are related to the COVID- 19 pandemic. The papers are balanced between those mainly concerned with media or online pedagogies (four), staff development and experiences (three) and strategic university wide policy or institutional change (four). The papers continue to reflect a varied range of participant countries both in terms of the authors, but perhaps more importantly the study sites, (Colombia, Italy, Indonesia, Iran, Lebanon, South Africa, Spain, and Turkey). Universities from both the state and private sector are represented, either through individual case studies or via multi-site studies in subject areas, departments, or institutions. What is fascinating, and perhaps unsurprising, is that common themes emerge from different countries. From the papers in this edition, several issues emerge. First, we can conclude that with distance learning there was/is a particular challenge of dealing with cheating and plagiarism- and exhibited during the pandemic. Second, responses, or readiness to change, with respect to new initiatives and pedagogies can vary by discipline within the same institution, between institutions and within a country. Third, it was noted that when change is made, either planned or in an emergency, the extent of the impact is related to the prior experience and expertise of both teachers and students and the available infrastructure with respect to the new situation. Several papers raised concerns about the pedagogical competences of the teaching staff and how, when this is limited in relation to a required change in pedagogy, stress and workload problems are encountered by both teachers and students. Furthermore, the learning experience is hindered and, where technology changes are involved, students can become isolated and demotivated. Accessibility and equality e.g. (gender, age, income, access to resources) issues were also raised, most evident during the pandemic and emergency remote teaching. The conclusion is perhaps that universities need to plan more carefully for emergency situations taking account of their demographic and socio-economic community – whether teachers, students or other stakeholders.
Classical Blind Percutaneous Dilatational Tracheostomy vs Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy Guided Percutaneous Dilatational Tracheostomy in the Intensive Care Unit: Complications, Mortality, and Outcomes
Authors: ARSLAN Kadir , KAYA Ebru , ŞAHİN Ayça Sultan
Published: November 2023

Aim: This study aimed to compare percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) procedures performed with fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) guidance and classical blind technique regarding complications, mortality, and patient outcomes.
Material and Methods: This study included 62 patients receiving mechanical ventilator support in the intensive care unit (ICU) between October 2022 and June 2023. Patients were randomized into two groups: those who underwent FOB-guided PDT (group FOB, n=31) and those who underwent PDT with the classical blind technique (group C, n=31). Demographic data, clinical characteristics, PDT procedure times, complications, and mortalities were analyzed.
Results: The median age was 64 (range, 19-94) years, and 67.7% (n=42) of the patients were male. Demographic data were found similar between groups. The most common primary diagnosis in patients who underwent PDT was intracranial hemorrhages (32.3%, n=20). While the median tracheostomy opening time in the entire study group was 13 (range, 3-31) days, there was no significant difference between the groups (p=0.637). The mean PDT procedure time (9.6±3.8 vs 12.6±5.4 min, p=0.015), median ICU stay (26 vs 37 days, p=0.004), and complication rate (6.4% vs 25.8%, p=0.038) were found to be significantly lower in group FOB. While the 28-day mortality in the entire study group was 17.7% (n=11), there was no significant difference between the groups (p=0.740).
Conclusion: In PDT procedures performed under FOB guidance, procedure time, length of stay in the ICU, and procedure-related complication rates were significantly lower, while no significant difference was observed in terms of mortality.
Od redaktorki: Mozaikowe odcienie współczesności w perspektywie doświadczeń biograficznych
Authors: Kaźmierska Kaja
Published: November 2023

Doświadczenie zmiany wpisane jest w życie społeczne. Współcześnie, na skutek zmian cywilizacyjnych, zwłaszcza związanych z rozszerzeniem pola komunikacji przez rozwój interentu i mediów społecznościowych, zmiany te wydają się szczególnie dynamiczne. Przedmiotem wstępu jest podkreślenie tego faktu oraz zachęta do podjęcia dyskusji na temat siły i jakości doświadczenia zmiany, zwłaszcza w perspektywie pokoleniowej. W tym kontekście zarysowano temat pokolenia i postawiono pytanie, w jakim stopniu jest to koncepcja wciąż nośna, a w jakim współcześnie nadużywana. Wstęp zawiera również uzasadnienie tematyki zebranych w tomie tekstów.
„Nie wyszłabym za jakiegoś malarza ściennego, prawda?” Klasowe mechanizmy wyboru małżonka w polskiej klasie wyższej
Authors: Kamecka Gabriela
Published: November 2023

Celem artykułu jest analiza zasad generatywnych wpływających na wybór współmałżonka/i w polskiej klasie wyższej, z wykorzystaniem kategorii interpretacyjnych Pierre’a Bourdieu. Małżeństwo jest rozumiane jako instytucja społeczna przyczyniająca się do reprodukowania nierówności klasowych, a istniejąca homogamia małżeńska zdaje się potwierdzać tę tezę. W tekście omówiono strategie małżeńskie oraz zasady wartościowania i wzory atrakcyjności w polskiej klasie wyższej. Badanie przeprowadzono za pomocą metody jakościowej, wywiadów indywidualnych z elementami biografii. Klasa wyższa wybiera swojego przyszłego małżonka na podstawie osobliwych preferencji, na które składają się kapitał kulturowy, definiowany jako wyższe wykształcenie, gust, maniery, oraz kapitał ekonomiczny, czyli posiadane zasoby finansowe. Z kolei ucieleśniony habitus, czyli ciało, decyduje o wstępnej akceptacji bądź odrzuceniu partnera.
Centro histórico de Liberia, diagnóstico arquitectónico y urbano
Authors: Chang-Albizurez Dominique , Malavassi-Aguilar Rosa Elena
Published: November 2023

El centro histórico de Liberia es un proyecto de base comunitaria, impulsado principalmente por la Asociación para la Cultura y que fue oficializado por medio del acuerdo municipal 22-2007. Como parte de los resultados del proyecto de extensión “Línea base para la gestión sostenible del centro histórico de la ciudad de Liberia” se obtuvo un diagnóstico de la situación urbana patrimonial, que tiene influencia directa de la arquitectura colonial de Rivas de Nicaragua. Como estrategia metodológica se empleó un enfoque mixto (cuantitativo y cualitativo) organizado en cuatro fases, las principales técnicas utilizadas fueron la revisión bibliográfica; mapeos, observación no participante; entrevistas con informantes claves; registro sistemático de las características de arquitectura liberiana, entre otras. Se logró identificar aquellos inmuebles que presentan las características más relevantes de la arquitectura liberiana como lo son: muro de tierra, ya sea adobe o bahareque, techos de teja y puertas del sol. Estos resultados se encuentran asociados a la información catastral y se encuentran georreferenciados, lo que facilita su validación por parte de los actores claves. Como registro actualizado al 2021 constituye una primera herramienta para la gestión del patrimonio material del centro histórico.
Composición florística y diseño de espacios verdes del Parque Nacional. San José, Costa Rica
Authors: Acosta-Vargas Luis Guillermo , Chaverri-Flores Laura , Malavassi-Aguilar Rosa Elena , Mojica-Mendieta Francisco Javier
Published: November 2023

El crecimiento demográfico ha concentrado el 65% de la población en las ciudades, provocando el deterioro de los ecosistemas donde se ubican, y limitando el disfrute de su diversidad y servicios ecosistémicos. Dada la importancia de los espacios verdes dentro de las ciudades, se realizó el estudio de la composición florística del Parque Nacional (PN) y su relación con el contexto inmediato. El PN forma parte del conjunto del Paseo de Las Damas junto a los parques Morazán y España. Se censó la vegetación herbácea del parque y para los árboles se midió el diámetro, altura total, altura de copa y el diámetro de copa, y simultáneamente se levantaron los perfiles de las fachadas a los costados del parque. El PN tiene un diseño formal y se circunscribe en un rectángulo de 101 X 200 m para un área de 19270 m2, y se encuentra delimitado por calles asfaltadas, mientras sus aceras presentan una mejor integración con el conjunto del parque. Se identificaron 131 especies de plantas pertenecientes a 55 familias botánicas, de las cuales el 58% son introducidas y a su vez las más abundantes con un 59%. Algunas de las especies introducidas son Cupressus lusitanica y Casuarina equisetifolia, que se mezclan con especies nativas como Cedrela odorata. Dentro de la composición arbustiva dominan las especies exóticas como Duranta erecta, Scheflerra sp y Rhododendron sp, muchas de ellas utilizadas como setos acompañando muros y monumentos. Se determinó una ocupación de copas del 56% del área del parque que se concentra en el estrato medio con un 53% del total. Comparativamente, el PN comparte rasgos similares con los parques España y Morazán, sin embargo, por su mayor tamaño alberga una mayor diversidad y los servicios se ven aumentados. EL PN, constituye un reservorio de la diversidad del Valle Central, donde la gestión de este contribuirá a aumentar la conservación y una mayor y mejor prestación de servicios ecosistémicos.
BPM Methodology Applied in Construction Projects: A Reflection
Authors: Barrera-Alvarado Julián-Gustavo , González-Sanabria Juan-Sebastián , Sarmiento-Rojas Jorge-Andrés
Published: November 2023

The Business Process Management (BPM) methodology is emerging as an essential management philosophy in the optimization of business processes, demonstrating its relevance in the construction sector. In Colombia, where managing construction projects requires a more strategic approach, implementing BPM presents a valuable opportunity to improve efficiency and agility at all stages, from planning to after-sales. The effective integration of BPM represents a significant breakthrough, enabling companies to achieve higher levels of productivity and efficiency in a highly competitive environment. This article proves from the research the importance of the methodology and the potential benefit of its use in the different civil works projects since they are made up of processes. In the end, adopting the BPM methodology in the construction sector will not only optimize the management of projects but will also contribute to the sustainable growth and global development of this fundamental industry.
The Reformulation of Government Regulations in Lieu of Law: Constitutional Court's Decision Perspective
Authors: Al Huda Habib , Halmadiningrat I Made , Putra Gio Arjuna , Kusumasari Anak Agung Arumi Jayanti
Published: November 2023

The President's issuance of Regulations in Lieu of Law No 1 of 2022 regarding the Job Creation represents a deliberate endeavor to operationalize and further refine the previously ratified Job Creation Law. The objective of this research is to provide a lucid comprehension of the formulation of the Regulations in Lieu of Law that adheres to the Constitutional Court's directives. This paper employs normative legal research methodologies, incorporating conceptual, historical, statutory, and jurisprudential analyses to scrutinize extant legal quandaries concerning the urgency and constitutionality of Regulations in Lieu of Law No 1 of 2022 regarding the Job Creation. Furthermore, the research yields the proposition that the promulgation of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law No. 1 of 2022 on Job Creation, vis-à-vis Constitutional Court Decision No. 91/PUU-XVIII/2020, may be regarded as a departure from the constitutional imperatives articulated in Constitutional Court Decision No. 91/PUU-XVIII/2020. Furthermore, concerning the reformulation of provisions governing the issuance of a Regulation in Lieu of Law by the President within the national legislative framework, a predicated state of emergency is a requisite antecedent. The President is obligated to communicate this state of emergency to the Indonesian People's Consultative Assembly and the public before promulgating the Regulation in Lieu of Law.
Viability of periodontal ligament cells in selected transport media for avulsed teeth
Authors: Williams Adeola T. , Denloye Obafunke O. , Popoola Bamidele O. , Adeniji Johnson A. , Adewumi Olubusuyi M. , Akinleye Toluwanimi E. , Akinyamoju Clara A.
Published: November 2023

To compare the viability of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells stored in Hanks Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) with those in readily available transport media over a variable period of time. Methods: Periodontal ligament cells harvested from premolars freshly extracted for orthodontic reasons were cultured for exponential growth. The cells were exposed to egg white, evaporated milk, water and Hanks Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) at room temperature. Their viability was evaluated after 30 minutes, 1 hour and 3 hours with the tetrazolium salt-based colorimetric assay (MTT assay). Statistical analysis was done using the IBM® SPSS version 23.0 software. Comparison between the Mean Optical Densities (MODs) of the cells stored in HBSS and other media at each time interval was done using the independent t test. Repeated measure ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test were also carried out to compare the MOD of cells within each medium over time. The level of significance was set at p <0.05. Result: The PDL cells stored in egg white had higher MODs than those in HBSS at 30 minutes and 1 hour. Conversely, the MODs of the cells stored in milk and water were lower than those in HBSS at all the studied points. There was a significant difference in the viability of the cells stored in HBSS and water at all the time points (p<0.05). Conclusion: For up to an hour, egg white was found to perform better than HBSS in supporting the viability of PDL cells.
Povos indígenas e pesquisa histórica: a importância da história oral indígena e de uma ética em pesquisa específica
Authors: Medeiros Juliana Schneider
Published: November 2023

Este texto apresenta o marco teórico-metodológico de uma pesquisa de doutorado (2020) situada no campo da história da educação indígena. Discuto os princípios éticos que adotei e que foram definidos a partir das críticas e proposições de pesquisadores indígenas. Examino o uso da história oral junto aos povos indígenas e suas especificidades. Apresento o método conversacional que estabeleci para as entrevistas realizadas. Explico também por que decidi chamar os participantes da pesquisa de coautores e colaboradores. O texto evidencia a importância do uso da história oral para a realização de pesquisas históricas com povos indígenas e do estabelecimento de uma ética em pesquisa específica para trabalhar com estes povos, tendo como preocupação não apenas destacar a atuação dos indígenas nos processos históricos, mas também situá-los como protagonistas dos processos de pesquisa.
Acadêmicos indígenas no ensino superior: apresentando trajetórias universitárias que contribuem para a afirmação étnica
Authors: Vieira Carlos Magno Naglis , Souza Gustavo dos Santos , Ferreira Eva Maria Luiz
Published: November 2023

Partindo de experiências dos autores com povos indígenas no ensino superior, o artigo busca apresentar as trajetórias universitárias que contribuem para a afirmação étnica de acadêmicos indígenas que cursam ou cursaram graduação na Universidade Católica Dom Bosco/UCDB, Mato Grosso do Sul/Brasil. Fruto de reflexões de uma pesquisa em desenvolvimento no Grupo de Pesquisa Educação Intercultural e Povos Tradicionais/CNPq, o texto está amparado em estudos que estão marcados pelo pensamento de intelectuais que se orientam pela cosmovisão de populações tradicionais e que transitam pelos diferentes espaços escolares/acadêmicos e uma metodologia de caráter qualitativo, que utiliza como procedimento metodológico para a produção dos dados, a observação e a entrevista com acadêmicos indígenas. O artigo procura contribuir para a troca de experiências universitárias e colaborar para a desestruturação de uma subalternização direcionada a estes povos, incentivando o protagonismo indígena no que se refere à representatividade social, política e acadêmica/científica, e ressaltando a presença indígena na universidade como fonte para a construção de saberes decolonizados e a possibilidade de criação de uma educação intercultural.