bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SIMMONS'IN GÖRÜŞLERİYLE “HAKKANİYET İLKESİ” ELEŞTİRİLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR TARTIŞMA
Authors: ÇALICI Ceren
Published: June 2020

Antik
çağlardan günümüze dek felsefenin bir konusu olmuştur adalet
problemi. Bu durum, yersiz de değildir elbet. Yaşanılır dünyayı
yaratma veya daha güzel bir dünya kurma düşünde insanoğlunun
temel dayanağı, adalettir. “Adalet nedir?” sorusu, Platon ve
Aristoteles ile başlayan Locke, Hobbes, Rousseau ile şekil alan ve
günümüze dek farklı bakış açılarıyla yanıt bulunmaya
çalışılan bir sorudur. Bu makalenin amaci ise liberal adalet
görüşünün iki farklı kanadı olan Rawls ve Nozick'in
düşüncelerini karşılaştırarak tartışmaktır. Hart'ın “Are
There Any Natural Rights?” makalesinde, Rawls'ın “A Theory of
Justice” ve Nozick'in “Anarşi, Devlet ve Ütopya” eserlerinde
tartıştığı “hakkaniyet ilkesi”, Simmons'ın “Hakkaniyet
İlkesi” adlı makalesinde yer alan görüşlerinden yola çıkılarak
tartışılmıştır.
Trends and seasonal patterns in intestinal parasites diagnosed in primary health facilities in Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Addisu Ayenew , Zeleke Ayalew Jejaw , Bayih Abebe Genetu , Tweya Hannock , Timire Collins , Techilo Werku , Kamau Edward Mberu , Vogt Florian , Verdonck Kristien
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Intestinal parasites have an insidious impact on human health. In response to high parasite frequencies in Northwest Ethiopia, mass drug administration (MDA) is provided for school children using albendazole/mebendazole (since 2007) and praziquantel (since 2015). The study objective was to assess trends and seasonal patterns of intestinal parasite infections in a context of MDA.

Methodology: This was a descriptive study collecting routine data from laboratory registers in two health centres in Denbia district, Amhara region. Stool test results (wet-mount direct microscopy) from patients attending these centres between 2013 and 2018 were included. Frequencies of different parasite species were evaluated within and across the years and stratified by age and gender.

Results: From a total of 8002 stool test results, the overall parasite frequency was 53.3%; this proportion remained constant. The most frequently diagnosed soil-transmitted helminths (STH) were Ascaris lumbricoides (16.9%) and hookworm (3.9%). STH frequency varied over the years, but was similar at the beginning (20.0%) and the end (22.0%) of the six-year period. STH infections were more frequent in winter (December-February; 20.4%) than in other seasons (16.0%). The most frequently diagnosed protozoa were Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (18.5%) and Giardia lamblia (12.2%). The frequency of Giardia steadily increased from 9.6% in 2013 to 15.3% in 2018. E. histolytica/dispar peaked in summer and G. lamblia in autumn.

Conclusions: Trends in routine laboratories may be a proxy for a status quo in the community. These findings suggest that higher MDA coverages and/or interventions beyond MDA are needed to reduce intestinal parasite-related morbidity.
Does mass drug administration for community-based scabies control works? The experience in Ethiopia
Authors: Enbiale Wendemagegn , Ayalew Ashenafi , Gebrehiwot Teklehaymanot , Mulu Yared , Azage Muluken , Zachariah Rony , Romani Lucia , Verdonck Kristien , Van Griensven Johan , De Vries Henry JC
Published: June 2020

Introduction: After a scabies outbreak in Amhara Region, Ethiopia in 2015/2016, the Regional Health Bureau performed an extensive Mass Drug Administration (MDA). In May 2017, we collected data to assess the impact of the treatment on the scabies control.

Methodology. We retrieved baseline data from the 2015/16 burden assessment: campaign organization and administration information. We did a community based cross-sectional study using a structured questionnaire on disease and treatment history plus the presence or absence of active scabies in three Zones. We selected households using stratified random sampling deployed 7581 questionnaires and performed key informant interviews.

Results: 46.3% had a previous scabies diagnosis in the last 2 years of which 86.1% received treatment, and the cure rate was 90.6%. Fifteen months after intervention the scabies prevalence was 21.0 % (67.3% new cases and 32.7% recurrences). The highest burden of new cases (93.1%) was found in the North Gondar zone. The likelihood of treatment failure was higher for treatments offered in clinics (12.2%) as opposed to via the campaign (7.9%). Failure to follow the guidelines, shortage of medicine and lack of leadership prioritization were identified as reasons for resurgence of the disease.

Conclusions: We demonstrated that community engagement is essential in the success of scabies MDA, alongside strong political commitment, and guideline adherence. Effectiveness and sustainability of the MDA was compromised by the failing of proper contact treatment, surveillance and case management.
An updated checklist of the bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Anthophila) of Pennsylvania, United States of America
Authors: Kilpatrick Shelby Kerrin , Gibbs Jason , Mikulas Martin M. , Spichiger Sven-Erik , Ostiguy Nancy , Biddinger David J. , Lopez-Uribe Margarita M.
Published: June 2020

Checklists provide information about the species found in a defined region and serve as baselines for detecting species range expansions, contractions, or introductions. Bees are a diverse and important group of insect pollinators. Although some bee populations are declining, these patterns are difficult to document and generalize due to a lack of long-term studies for most localities. Documenting the diversity of wild bee communities is critical for assessing pollination services, community ecology, and geographical and temporal changes in distribution and density. Here, an updated checklist of the bees of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, USA, is presented. Since the first checklist was published (2010; 372 species), thousands of additional specimens from the state have been collected and databased, new species have been described in the region, and the taxonomic status of some species have changed. Specimen data from insect collections, databases, scientific literature, and unpublished records were compared to the original checklist. Seventy-nine new state species records – including 49 first-time reports – representing five of the six bee families in North America, were documented resulting in a total of at least 437 bee species reported from Pennsylvania. We highlight new county records and species persistence details. Our list includes a total of 23 exotic species and at least five species of conservation concern. Lists of species excluded from the state checklist and species anticipated to occur in Pennsylvania are also included. This checklist provides baseline data for researchers and the public. The benefits of insect collections, specimen databases, determination and voucher labels, and georeferencing to biodiversity studies and other aspects of biological research are also discussed.
Additions to the knowledge of the genus Allorhynchium van der Vecht, 1963 from China (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae)
Authors: Luo Li , Zhang Qiao-Hua , Chen Bin , Li Ting-Jing
Published: June 2020

In this study, Halysituberosus Dong & Wang, 2017 is treated as a synonym of Allorhynchium van der Vecht, 1963 (syn. nov.). Halysituberosus yingjiangensis Dong & Wang, 2017 is a new synonym of Allorhynchium lugubrinum (Cameron, 1900) (syn. nov.) and Halysituberosus menglianensis Dong & Wang, 2017 is transferred to Allorhynchium as a new combination (comb. nov.). Based on additional COI gene sequencing and morphological characters including genitalia characters, both Allorhynchium diffinis (Giordani Soika, 1986) and Allorhynchium radiatum Li, Barthélémy & Carpenter, 2019 are confirmed to be valid species, and their males of the two species are described for the first time. Allorhynchium quadrimaculatum Gusenleitner, 1997 is newly recorded from China. A key to the Chinese species of Allorhynchium are also updated.
Discovery of a non-native parasitoid, Marlattiella prima Howard (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae) and its non-native host, Lopholeucaspis japonica Cockerell (Hemiptera, Diaspididae) in Central Texas
Authors: Gilder Kyle , Masloski Kenneth E. , Woolley James B. , Gu Mengmeng , Merchant Michael E. , Heinz Kevin M.
Published: June 2020

Sampling of crapemyrtle trees (LagerstroemiaL.) in central Texas yielded the discovery of an invasive scale pest,Lopholeucaspis japonicaCockerell, and its parasitoid natural enemy,Marlattiella primaHoward. These discoveries expand the known range of both the scale insect and the parasitoid wasp in the United States.Marlattiella primawas not recovered in the absence ofL. japonica. Of the two counties sampled, Brazos County yielded 26M. primaindividuals and Tarrant County yielded neitherM. primanorL. japonica.
Les thérapies brèves conjointes mères ou parents-bébés : évaluations, évolutions et processus cliniques
Authors: Knauer Dora , Cramer Bertrand
Published: June 2020

L’intérêt des évaluations des psychothérapies est présenté dans cet article au sujet des thérapies brèves et conjointes, mères-bébés ou parents-bébés. Nous avons repris les résultats principaux d’une recherche sur les thérapies mères-bébés effectuée au Service de Psychiatrie de l’Enfant et de l’Adolescent des Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève. A la lumière des résultats des évaluations à court terme, moyen terme et long terme, nous avons pu affiner nos indications, mieux comprendre les enjeux du processus thérapeutique et définir divers types de conflits de la parentalité, qui sous-tendent les symptômes exprimés par les bébés. La description de la technique psychodynamique est illustrée par un exemple clinique. Les principaux résultats nous démontrent l’importance de ces interventions précoces, leurs avantages et leurs limites. Les mesures d’évaluation nous permettent de suivre en étude longitudinale une population jusqu’à la préadolescence, et de considérer les effets à long terme d’une intervention brève et précoce. Entre évaluations et évolutions, nous cherchons à démontrer l’intérêt des efforts des recherches sur les psychothérapies et l’importance de leur contribution sur l’amélioration de nos outils thérapeutiques.
Rendre la parole aux patients et aux familles
Authors: Mertens de Wilmars Serge , Martin A.-P. , Minsart S. , Regniault L. , de Villers Bénédicte
Published: June 2020

Dans cet article, nous allons nous atteler à conceptualiser le dispositif du groupe multifamille que nous avons fondé il y a plus de dix ans. Nous reviendrons sur l’histoire de ce type de groupe, nous clarifierons les éléments du cadre qui le compose, nous éclaircirons les positions des différents protagonistes, et nous tenterons de cerner les éléments qui opèrent dans le dispositif et qui suscitent des changements tels que ces groupes peuvent bien être considérés comme des groupes thérapeutiques.
ENVISION: A Tool to Improve Communication in Hospice Interdisciplinary Team Meetings
Authors: Washington Karla T. , Demiris George , Oliver Debra Parker , Backonja Uba , Norfleet Meredith , Han Claire J. , Popescu Mihail
Published: June 2020

Hospice interdisciplinary teams (IDTs) are required to meet regularly to update care plans for terminally ill patients and their family caregivers. Although providers see value in these meetings, they also experience frustration over meeting inefficiencies and communication challenges. The current article presents ENVISION, a tool designed to improve communication in hospice IDT meetings by providing attendees with access to up-to-date patient and family data to inform clinical decision making. In the current qualitative descriptive study, researchers explored the perspectives of hospice providers (
n
= 21) and family caregivers (
n
= 10) regarding ENVISION's usefulness and ease of use. Numerous factors influenced participants' perceptions of the tool as useful, including its impact on task efficiency, effectiveness, and difficulty. Perceptions of ENVISION's ease of use focused on ease of learning, operating, and interpreting data the tool provided. Findings suggest ENVISION would benefit hospice nurses in care management and senior leadership positions. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 46
(7), 9–14.]
Qualitative Validation of the Nursing Home IT Maturity Staging Model
Authors: Powell Kimberly R. , Alexander Gregory L.
Published: June 2020

The goal of the current study was to qualitatively explore issues of validity, specificity, and sensitivity regarding the nursing home (NH) information technology (IT) maturity survey and staging model. Participants who completed the NH IT maturity survey were recruited during pilot testing of the survey and staging model. Cognitive interviewing was used to collect qualitative data. Findings indicate the NH IT maturity survey and staging model is a straightforward and acceptable instrument. Every participant in our study agreed with the IT maturity stage assigned to their facility, based on their total score on the IT maturity survey. However, some participants were not sure how to answer some questions on the survey because they did not have in-depth knowledge of IT processes that took place outside of their NH facility and others experienced difficulty interpreting items because their NH facility was in a time of transition. The next step in development is quantitative psychometric testing and use of the instrument in a 3-year national study. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 46
(7), 47–54].
An Examination of Nursing Students' Knowledge About Organ Donation
Authors: Reynolds-Tylus Tobias , Potter Haley A.
Published: June 2020

Background:

Nurses play an important role in educating the public about organ donation, but only if they themselves are knowledgeable on the topic. This study examined nursing students' knowledge of common myths and misconceptions related to organ donation.

Method:

Nursing students (
N
= 232) completed an anonymous online survey. Eight true/false questions assessed nursing students' knowledge of organ donation.

Results:

Overall, nursing students were knowledgeable about organ donation, correctly answering on average 5.55 of 8 questions. Nursing students were least likely to believe the myths that medical providers are untrustworthy and that organ donors are unable to have an open casket funeral, but they were most likely to believe the myth that there is a black market for organ donation in the United States.

Conclusion:

The results provide useful data to nurse educators seeking to prepare the next generation of nurses to be knowledgeable and competent communicators on the topic of organ donation.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2020;59(7):388–391.]
Reinforcing Telehealth Competence Through Nurse Practitioner Student Clinical Experiences
Authors: Gibson Nicole , Arends Robin , Voss Jo , Marckstadt Sheryl , Nissen Mary Kay
Published: June 2020

Background:

Telehealth is becoming increasingly integral in providing improved access to care, especially for patients who reside in frontier and rural areas. Nurse practitioner (NP) faculty are charged with preparing NP students through curriculum and clinical experiences that align with the health care environment and the health care access needs of the populations they serve.

Method:

To meet this need, NP faculty at a land-grant university located in a frontier and rural midwestern state reinforced NP student telehealth curriculum and competency through application in a clinical environment.

Results:

Participants included 22 family NP (FNP) students and 19 clinical preceptors. According to the evaluations, the FNP students met seven of the eight competency criteria, and the preceptors met eight of the 13 evaluation criteria.

Conclusion:

Outcomes indicate telehealth curriculum competency can be reinforced through application in a clinical setting to prepare NP students to meet the needs of patients and changing health care environments.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2020;59(7):413–417.]
Internet of Things (IoT) and PKI-Based Security Architecture
Authors: Mathur Sandeep , Arora Ankita
Published: June 2020

The internet of things (IoT) is described as the arrangement of physical articles—contraptions, automobiles, structures, and various things—fixed with equipment, programming, devices, and framework accessibility that engages these things to accumulate and exchange data. Practically paying little mind to industry, IoT is anticipated to be the absolute most significant factor affecting basic business rationale in the coming decades. PKI is the best alternative for arrangement suppliers to secure information and associated gadgets. When effectively executed, PKI can fabricate and bolster security and trust in IoT biological systems. PKI's job in IoT gives solid personality validation and makes the establishment of trust that frameworks, gadgets, applications, and clients need to securely connect and trade delicate information. PKI and the brought forth trust networks spread the basic security necessities IoT tasks need, giving the encryption, confirmation, and information respectability that make the establishment of trust. This chapter explores PKI-based security architecture.
Comprehensive Survey of Routing Protocols for Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs)
Authors: Raza Ali , Kumar Pardeep , Ahmed Adnan , Khan Umair Ali
Published: June 2020

Wireless body area networks (WBANs) are one of the applications of IoT that deal with the remote transmission of patient data. The health-related data is of highly sensitive nature. The loss of critical data packets might lead a patient to an embarrassing position. Therefore, WBANs require a secure and efficient data transmission mechanism. However, wireless transmission traditionally remains vulnerable to many security attacks such as node misbehavior attack. Routing protocols play a key role in the extended network lifetime. However, efficient data routing in WBAN is a challenging task. In addition, sensor nodes due to wireless communication produce electromagnetic radiation that is absorbed by the human body and results in temperature rise. Therefore, routing protocols along with security issues must consider temperature rise to ensure safe wireless transmission. In this chapter, the authors present a comprehensive review of most relevant security and privacy concerns and relevant routing protocols addressing the aforementioned routing issues.
Network Security and Internet of Things
Authors: Tayyaba Shahzadi , Khan Salman Ayub , Tariq Muhammad , Ashraf Muhammad Waseem
Published: June 2020

Information security is the most critical component of the information system. It is also a challenge of the organizations to build a secure network. Every organization that developed its organizational network has faced security attacks, security risks, and vulnerabilities. Internet of things (IoT) is based on smart devices that connect with each other to formulate a complex network. Therefore, in order to build a secure traditional network and IoT network, understanding the basics of the network layers, network security, and different types of network attacks is essential for network security beginners who are interested in working in the field of information security. In this chapter, the authors reviewed the essential and most important concepts of information security, IoT, and explained these topics in an easy-to-understand way. Furthermore, the chapter discussed the basic level of information security challenges to familiarize the undergraduates and postgraduate students and IoT information security practitioners about it.
ACO-Based Algorithms in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Jangra Renu , Kait Ramesh , Kumar Sarvesh
Published: June 2020

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) offer great expertise that club the sensing, execution, communication, and network technology along with microelectronics and micro-mechanical devices together to study the environment. It is a new concept and a consequence of few steps in the communication field. If the original prospect of this new network works according to the planned concept, it will recover the examining and control systems used these days in the environment for consumer, medical, industries, and military sectors. The wireless technology gives the advantage of decrease in cost that cabling operation has in recent systems and also makes it possible to perform measurements in unreachable places. Many applications can work on the concept of this technology.
A Survey on Algorithms in Deep Learning
Authors: Menon Sindhu P.
Published: June 2020

In the last couple of years, artificial neural networks have gained considerable momentum. Their results could be enhanced if the number of layers could be made deeper. Of late, a lot of data has been generated, which has led to big data. This comes along with many challenges like quality, which is one of the most important ones. Deep learning models can improve the quality of data. In this chapter, an attempt has been made to review deep supervised and deep unsupervised learning algorithms and the various activation functions used. Challenges in deep learning have also been discussed.
Young Ideas to Improve Organizational Resilience in Turbulent and Changing Environments
Authors: Toubes Diego R. , Araújo-Vila Noelia , Filipe de Araújo Arthur
Published: June 2020

To survive and remain competitive in a constantly changing environment, companies need to develop adaptive capabilities, that is, to become more resilient. Some authors argue that including young employees in the company's decision-making process contributes to enhance their organizational resilience. The present study aims to further investigate this assumption through a case study approach. To this end, 18 Generation Z Business Administration students form several European countries were familiarized with the processes of a luxury goods company and requested to propose solutions to five real challenges that affect the segment. In the presented solutions, they showed potential to enhance each of the dimensions of resilience according to the main conceptualizations of the subject. The findings suggest that companies should invest in attracting, training, and empowering young talents to make decisions in order to enhance their resilience capacity. Future studies should further investigate the topic through explanatory approaches in order to reach a more reliable understanding.
Exploring the Organizational and Technological Implications on Strategic Business Model Change
Authors: Roque João , Santos José Duarte , Simões Jorge , Almeida Fernando
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this chapter is to identify and analyze the main organizational and technological factors that play a relevant role in a transformational strategic change inherent in changing the business model supported on the internet. An analysis was made of the different business models, as well as their connection to strategic management and how this is accomplished in the organizational and technological plan. This empirical study, based on the qualitative methodology, focuses on a single case study on a Portuguese company that recently changed its business model. The findings allowed the authors to assess the advantages and challenges posed by the transformation of an initial business based on a website that performs a comparison of prices for an integrated model based on a marketplace, in which customers can make their purchases and access all products, from different stores, in one place.
Business Policy
Authors: Água Pedro B. , Morgado Andre Vilares
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this chapter is to explore improvements in existing corporate governing practices that are currently being implemented through methods that lag behind most of the recent developments taking place in the field of computer science. The authors suggest taking on board systems modeling by adopting a computer-assisted policy design based on system dynamics simulators. Implementing a system thinking approach to business organizations allows the designing of virtuous strategies by simulating organizational behavior. In addition, this approach may also help to mitigate unintended consequences, like risks and outcomes which may surprise the firm, particularly from the board-level perspective. The originality of the present work arrives from merging several approaches that have been around for many years, however not combined in the context of the business policy conceptual framework. Therefore, it brings together recent developments in the fields of business policy, systems thinking, and computer-assisted policy design.
An IL-17F.S65L Knock-In Mouse Reveals Similarities and Differences in IL-17F Function in Oral Candidiasis: A New Tool to Understand IL-17F
Authors: Zhou Chunsheng , Monin Leticia , Gordon Rachael , Aggor Felix E. Y. , Bechara Rami , Edwards Tara N. , Kaplan Daniel H. , Gingras Sebastien , Gaffen Sarah L.
Published: June 2020

Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) is an opportunistic infection of the oral mucosa caused by the commensal fungus Candida albicans. IL-17R signaling is essential to prevent OPC in mice and humans, but the individual roles of its ligands, IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-17AF, are less clear. A homozygous IL-17F deficiency in mice does not cause OPC susceptibility, whereas mice lacking IL-17A are moderately susceptible. In humans, a rare heterozygous mutation in IL-17F (IL-17F.S65L) was identified that causes chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, suggesting the existence of essential antifungal pathways mediated by IL-17F and/or IL-17AF. To investigate the role of IL-17F and IL-17AF in more detail, we exploited this “experiment of nature” by creating a mouse line bearing the homologous mutation in IL-17F (Ser65Leu) by CRISPR/Cas9. Unlike Il17f−/− mice that are resistant to OPC, Il17fS65L/S65L mice showed increased oral fungal burdens similar to Il17a−/− mice. In contrast to humans, however, disease was only evident in homozygous, not heterozygous, mutant mice. The mutation was linked to modestly impaired CXC chemokine expression and neutrophil recruitment to the infected tongue but not to alterations in oral antimicrobial peptide expression. These findings suggest mechanisms by which the enigmatic cytokine IL-17F contributes to host defense against fungi. Moreover, because these mice do not phenocopy Il17f−/− mice, they may provide a valuable tool to interrogate IL-17F and IL-17AF function in vivo in other settings.
Cutting Edge: Inhibition of the Interaction of NK Inhibitory Receptors with MHC Class I Augments Antiviral and Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Panda Abir K. , Gangaplara Arunakumar , Buszko Maja , Natarajan Kannan , Boyd Lisa F. , Sharma Suveena , Margulies David H. , Shevach Ethan M.
Published: June 2020

NK cells recognize MHC class I (MHC-I) Ags via stochastically expressed MHC-I–specific inhibitory receptors that prevent NK cell activation via cytoplasmic ITIM. We have identified a pan anti–MHC-I mAb that blocks NK cell inhibitory receptor binding at a site distinct from the TCR binding site. Treatment of unmanipulated mice with this mAb disrupted immune homeostasis, markedly activated NK and memory phenotype T cells, enhanced immune responses against transplanted tumors, and augmented responses to acute and chronic viral infection. mAbs of this type represent novel checkpoint inhibitors in tumor immunity, potent tools for the eradication of chronic infection, and may function as adjuvants for the augmentation of the immune response to weak vaccines.
Reconstruction options and outcomes for acetabular bone loss in revision hip arthroplasty
Authors: Mancino Fabio , Cacciola Giorgio , De Marco Davide , Greenberg Alexander , Perisano Carlo , Malahias MA , Sculco Peter K. , Maccauro Giulio , De Martino Ivan
Published: June 2020

Revision total hip arthroplasty in the setting of acetabular bone loss is a challenging procedure and requires a solid understanding of current acetabular reconstruction options. Despite major developments in the field of revision hip surgery in recent decades, reconstruction of acetabular defects remains a major problem in order to achieve primary stability and durable fixation without sacrificing additional bone stock. Although there are several ways to classify acetabular bone defects, the Paprosky classification system is the most commonly used to describe the defects and guide treatment strategy. An understanding of the bone defects associated with detailed pre-operative assessment and planning are essential elements in order to achieve satisfactory outcomes. Multiple acetabular reconstructive options are currently available including impaction bone grafting with metal mesh, reinforcement rings and antiprotrusio cage, structural allografts, cementless hemispherical cups, extra-large “jumbo cups”, oblong cups, modular porous metal augments, cup-cage constructs, custom- made triflange cups, and acetabular distraction. To date, debate continues as to which technique is most effective due to the lack of long-term studies of modern reconstruction systems. Further long-term studies are necessary to assess the longevity of the different implants. The purpose of this study was to review the current literature and provide a comprehensive understanding of the available reconstruction options with their clinical outcomes.
Wide awake surgery for flexor tendon primary repair: A literature review
Authors: Fulchignoni Camillo , Alessandri Bonetti Mario , Rovere Giuseppe , Ziranu Antonio , Maccauro Giulio , Pataia Elisabetta
Published: June 2020

Flexor tendon injuries are extremely challenging conditions to manage for hand surgeons. Over the last few years enormous progress has been made for the treatment of these lesions with new surgical approaches being performed. One of these is the wideawake local anesthesia no tourniquet (WALANT) technique, also known as Wide Awake Technique that allows tendon repair under local anesthesia, enabling the tendon to move actively during surgery. Dynamic movement of the tendon during surgery is crucial for the orthopedic surgeon in order to understand if the tendon has been correctly repaired before leaving the operatory table. An electronic literature research was carried out on Pubmed, Google Scholars and Cochrane Library using ((Flexor tendon injury) OR (flexor tendon) OR (injury muscle tendon) OR (flexor pollicis longus tendon) AND ((wide awake repair) OR (wide awake) OR (wide awake hand surgery))as search terms. Authors believe that WALANT is an enormous add-on in the management of patients with flexor tendon injuries mainly because it allows direct visualization of the repair during flexion and extension movement of the fingers and also because it avoids general anesthesia or brachial plexus being more cost effective. The aim of these review was therefore to sum up the evidences available so far on the wade awake technique as an emerging treatment for patients with flexor tendon injuries.
The role of adipose derived stem cells in the treatment of rotator cuff tears: from basic science to clinical application
Authors: Mocini Fabrizio , Monteleone Andrea Stefano , Piazza Piero , Cardona Valentina , Vismara Valeria , Messinese Piermarco , Campana Vincenzo , Sircana Giuseppe , Maccauro Giulio , Saccomanno Maristella Francesca
Published: June 2020

Over the last decade, regenerative medicine has become increasingly popular throughout the scientific community. The poor healing capacity at the tendon-bone interface makes the rotator cuff an appealing target for biologic agents. Adipose derived stem cells are mesenchymal cells with the capacity for self-renewal and multipotential differentiation. They have been recently proposed, both in isolation and as adjuvants to existing surgical therapies, for the treatment of rotator cuff tears. Several studies have been carried out in this research field, starting from the biological characteristics of adipose derived stem cells, their preparation and culture, up to the application in the experimental field on animal models and on humans. The purpose of this study was to provide a state of the art about the current basic science and clinical literature for the effectiveness of adipose derived stem cells in the treatment of rotator cuff tears.
Symptomatic vertebral hemangioma during pregnancy period: A case series and systematic literature review
Authors: Santagada Domenico Alessandro , Perna Andrea , Meluzio Maria Concetta , Ciolli Gianluca , Proietti Luca , Tamburrelli Francesco Ciro
Published: June 2020

Vertebral Hemangioma (VH) is a benign tumor usually symptomless and discovered incidentally. Pregnancy, because of several hormonal and physiologic changes, is a recognized risk factor coinciding with the development of a rapid onset of neurological symptoms in patients affected by VH. In the Literature, sporadic cases of neurological symptoms have been described, which occurred during pregnancy, but only rarely the onset of symptoms was reported after pregnancy and childbirth. Usually surgical treatment is reserved for severe cases with rapid onset of neurological symptoms. However, the use of conservative treatments is still a topic of debate In the present study, we report a series of patients affected by VH become symptomatic during or after pregnancy along with a systematic review of the Literature.
Cemented versus cementless megaprosthesis in proximal femur metastatic disease: A systematic review
Authors: Oliva Maria Serena , Vitiello Raffaele , Cauteruccio Michele , Pesare Elisa , Rovere Giuseppe , Meschini Cesare , Liuzza Francesco , Maccauro Giulio , Ziranu Antonio
Published: June 2020

The proximal femur is the long bone most commonly affected by metastatic disease. There are many treatment options, such as hip megaprostheses. A topic still widely debated in literature is the use of cemented or uncemented megaprostheses in this kind of patients. The purpose of this review is to examine both these surgical options to understand which of them should be preferred in metastatic patients. Twelve articles were finally included in the review. Eight authors used cemented mega - prostheses, two cementless megaprostheses and two authors used both techniques. Better functional outcomes and lower infection rates were found in cementless mega - prostheses. More studies have to be performed to choose the better technique and improve patients’ quality of life.
Obesity-related Cancers: The Coming Epidemic
Authors: Venniyoor Ajit
Published: June 2020

The world is in the grip of an obesity pandemic, with tripling of obesity rates since 1975; it is predicted that one-third of people on Earth will be obese by 2025. The health consequences of obesity are primarily thought to be related to cardiometabolic disorders such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. It is less well appreciated that obesity has been related to at least 13 different cancers and in future, (with increasing control over tobacco misuse and infections), obesity will be the main cause of cancers. While this is an area of active research, there are large gaps in the definition of what is an obesity related cancer (JRC) and more importantly, what are the underlying mechanisms. To an extent, this is due to the controversy on what constitutes “unhealthy obesity” which is further related to the causes of obesity. This narrative review examines the causes and measurement of obesity, the types of obesity-related cancers and possible mechanisms. The information has wide implications ranging from prevention, screening, prognosis and therapeutic strategies. Obesity related cancers should be an area of high-priority research. Oncologists can contribute by spreading awareness and instituting management measures for individual patients in their care.
“Vaping”- a Trojan Horse Against Fight Toward Tobacco Use and Cancer: A Systematic Review of the Existing Evidence
Authors: Sharma Hunny , Verma Swati
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this systematic review is to understand many aspects of vaping, like what is vaping, why it is more enticing to adolescents and young adults, what makes it more harmful than regular smoked tobacco products, subsequent health consequences, and what measures are currently being taken against this activity. A literature search was conducted in online database PubMed using search string “(((((Lung injury*[Title/Abstract]) AND Vaping[Title/Abstract]) OR electronic nicotine delivery device[Title/Abstract]) OR electronic cigarette*[Title/Abstract]) AND e-cigarettes liquid) AND electronic cigars and search filter used were “published in the last 5 years” and “Human Studies.” Similar search terms were used to search EMBASE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and the CENTRAL database of the Cochrane Library with the help of Boolean terms. Thirty-six articles were included for a final systematic review. Many of the known brands use additives such as flavoring and thickening agents that, when used even for the short term, can cause toxicity to human lung tissues. This toxicity depends not only on the extent of the habit, but also on the variable susceptibility to lung damage, dual use with cigarettes, variability in the product design of different brands, and the liquid content used in them. Vaping may be linked with significant health issues, including respiratory diseases such as asthma, very severe forms of bronchitis such as popcorn lung, or E-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury, and cardiovascular illnesses such as atherosclerotic plaque and myocardial ischemia. From the current systematic review, we would like to emphasize that no long-term toxicological and health studies have been carried out in humans using these vaping products and their constituents to date. Although cessation should be strongly encouraged in smokers for better quality of life, it is uncertain whether it is a universally safer option to replace cigarettes with these vaping devices.
Adrenal Tumors in Children: Spectrum of Presentation and Surgical Approach in a Tertiary Care Institute
Authors: Tripathy Prasanta Kumar , Pattnaik Kaumudee , Jena Pradeep Kumar , Mohanty Hiranya Kishor
Published: June 2020

Context: Adrenal tumors can arise either from cortex or from medulla; both the regions being structurally and functionally different. Current knowledge on childhood adrenocortical tumors (ACTs), the management approach, and the outcome is limited due to limited number of cases and studies. Neuroblastoma is a neoplasm of the neural crest origin and 50% arise from adrenal medulla. Pheochromocytoma (PCC) is an exciting and rare neoplasm in childhood. Aims: To evaluate the clinical presentation, spectrum of pathology, and management of adrenal tumors in children. Subjects and Methods: The study was conducted in a tertiary care pediatric institute over 5 years on children with intra-abdominal solid tumors. Adrenal tumors were diagnosed on radiological studies and postoperatively confirmed by histopathology. Results: Sixty-three patients were operated for intra-abdominal solid tumors, and Wilms tumor (39) was the most common finding. Of 11 cases of adrenal tumors confirmed by histopathology, eight were adrenal neuroblastoma, one 14-month-old female baby was detected as PCC, while two female children presented with the features of Cushing syndrome and virilization at the age of 3 and 7 years. Postoperatively, one of them was found to be adrenal adenoma and one was found to be adrenocortical carcinoma. Conclusions: ACTs are rare and potentially fatal in childhood. Complete surgical resection is the mainstay of therapy in adrenal tumors and is curative for associated hypertension. Neuroblastoma was the third common intra-abdominal solid tumor after Wilms tumor and retroperitoneal teratoma. The patient with PCC contributed to “Rule of 10s” because of the absence of hypertension and childhood occurrence.
Papillary Tumor of the Pineal Region: A Case with Unique
Immunohistochemical Keratin Expression Pattern
Authors: Gupta Rakesh Kumar , Batra Vineeta Vijay , Srivastava Arvind Kumar , Sharma Mehar Chand
Published: June 2020

Papillary tumor of the pineal region (PTPR) is a rare neuroepithelial tumor first described in 2003. It is a newly recognized entity and introduced in the WHO classification of central nervous system tumors in 2007. Till date, about 70 cases have been described in literature. Herein, we report an additional case of PTPR in a 25-year-old male with emphasis on immunohistochemistry and ultrastructural features. Interestingly, this case showed a unique membranous as well as dot-like Golgi zone keratin (AE1/AE3 and CK18) expression pattern.
Rapidly Progressive Pleuro-parenchymal Fibroelastosis Secondary to Cyclophosphamide Chemotherapy
Authors: Bhaskar Maheema , Tisekar Owais , Tandon Sandeep , Vora Tushar , Jankharia Bhavin
Published: June 2020

Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) is a rare progressive interstitial lung disease presenting with predominantly upper-lobe pleural thickening and pulmonary fibrosis. While most cases are idiopathic, it is rarely seen as a complication of infection or following chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and bone marrow transplant. We describe a case of early onset and rapidly progressive PPFE as a complication of cyclophosphamide chemotherapy.
Anaplastic Multiple Myeloma- a Morphological Challenge – A Case Series
Authors: Sakthisankari S , Kumar Prasanna N , Syed Tabbu
Published: June 2020

Anaplastic multiple myeloma (AMM) is a rare and aggressive variant of plasma cell neoplasm. It is relatively treatment resistant when compared to conventional myeloma. It can arise de novo or transform from a preexisting plasma cell myeloma. Morphologically, AMM is recognized by the presence of immature plasma cells and pleomorphic, multilobated cells. Here, we present three cases of AMM.
Analysis of Vestibular-Evoked Myogenic Potentials in the Vestibular Migraine
Authors: Tutar Belgin , Berkiten Güler , Akan Onur , Saltürk Ziya , Gürpinar Berk , Karaketir Semih , Kumral Tolgar Lüti , Uyar Yavuz , Tuna Ömür Biltekin
Published: June 2020

Objectives:

The objective of this study is to determine the subclinical vestibular dysfunction of patients with vestibular migraine (VM) in the interattack period who had no vestibular symptoms. We assessed ascending utricular and descending saccular pathways using cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMP) and ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (oVEMP) in patients with VM and a healthy control group and then compared the electrophysiologic findings with each other.

Materials and Methods:

Between January 2017 and January 2018, 116 patients (aged 18–62 years) were enrolled in the study. The study group consisted of 68 women with VM and the control group comprised 48 healthy women.

Results:

For cVEMP findings, the mean left ear P1 latency of the VM group was statistically significantly longer than that of the control group (P = 0.024; P < 0.05). No statistical significance was found in left ear N1 latency, P1-N1 interpeak intervals and mean amplitudes between the VM and the control groups (P > 0.05). Amplitude asymmetry ratios (AARs) were not statistically significantly different between the two groups in cVEMP (P > 0.05). In terms of oVEMP findings, no statistically significant difference was found in the right ear parameters of N1, P1, P1-N1 intervals, and amplitudes of the VM and the control groups (P > 0.05). The left ear oVEMPs of the VM group showed absent responses in 12 cases and were statistically significant compared with the control group (P = 0.037; P < 0.05). The AARs were significantly greater for the the VM group than the control group in oVEMP (P = 0.006; P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

These electrophysiologic findings suggest that peripheral vestibular structures such as the utricle, saccule and also other central vestibular structures might be affected in VM. Patients with VM had subclinical vestibular dysfunction despite being in the interattack period. To support the diagnosis of VM, VEMPs are easy and cost-effective tests.
Ring-theoretic (In)finiteness in reduced products of Banach algebras
Authors: Daws Matthew , Horváth Bence
Published: June 2020

We study ring-theoretic (in)finiteness properties—such as Dedekind-finiteness and proper infiniteness—of ultraproducts (and more generally, reduced products) of Banach algebras.

While we characterise when an ultraproduct has these ring-theoretic properties in terms of its underlying sequence of algebras, we find that, contrary to the
$C^*$
-algebraic setting, it is not true in general that an ultraproduct has a ring-theoretic finiteness property if and only if “ultrafilter many” of the underlying sequence of algebras have the same property. This might appear to violate the continuous model theoretic counterpart of Łoś’s Theorem; the reason it does not is that for a general Banach algebra, the ring theoretic properties we consider cannot be verified by considering a bounded subset of the algebra of fixed bound. For Banach algebras, we construct counter-examples to show, for example, that each component Banach algebra can fail to be Dedekind-finite while the ultraproduct is Dedekind-finite, and we explain why such a counter-example is not possible for
$C^*$
-algebras. Finally, the related notion of having stable rank one is also studied for ultraproducts.
Deligne–Lusztig varieties and basic EKOR strata
Authors: Wang Haining
Published: June 2020

Using the axioms of He and Rapoport for the stratifications of Shimura varieties, we explain a result of Görtz, He, and Nie that the EKOR strata contained in the basic loci can be described as a disjoint union of Deligne–Lusztig varieties. In the special case of Siegel modular varieties, we compare their descriptions to that of Görtz and Yu for the supersingular Kottwitz-Rapoport strata and to the descriptions of Harashita and Hoeve for the supersingular Ekedahl–Oort strata.
Деревья с заданным числом листьев и максимально возможным количеством наибольших независимых множеств
Authors: Taletskii Dmitrii Sergeevich , Malyshev Dmitriy Sergeevich
Published: June 2020

В работе полностью описаны деревья с максимально возможным количеством наибольших независимых множеств среди всех $n$-вершинных деревьев, содержащих ровно $l$ листьев. При любых значениях параметров $n$ и $l$ экстремальное дерево единственно. Оно является результатом отождествления концов $l$ простых путей.
Об условиях $A$-полноты линейных автоматов над двоично-рациональными числами
Authors: Ronzhin Dmitry Vladimirovich
Published: June 2020

Рассматривается задача об $A$-полноте конечных систем автоматов с добавками в классе линейных автоматов, у которых в качестве алфавита состояний, входного и выходного алфавитов выступают декартовы произведения множества двоично-рациональных чисел. В терминах предполных классов описываются условия $A$-полноты для систем, содержащих все одноместные автоматы и конечную добавку, а также конечных систем, содержащих сумматор.
Об использовании бинарных операций при построении кратно транзитивного множества блочных преобразований
Authors: Cherednik Igor Vladimirovich
Published: June 2020

В статье продолжается исследование множества блочных преобразований $\{\Sigma^F : F\in\mathcal B^*(\Omega)\}$, реализуемых бинарной сетью $\Sigma$ с одной бинарной операцией $F$, обратимой по правой переменной. Для произвольного $k\geqslant2$ получены необходимые и достаточные условия $k$-транзитивности множества преобразований $\{\Sigma^F \colon F\in\mathcal B^*(\Omega)\}$, предлагается также эффективный способ проверки этих условий. Приведены два способа построения таких сетей $\Sigma$, у которых множество преобразований $\{\Sigma^F\colon F\in\mathcal B^*(\Omega)\}$ является $k$-транзитивным.
О степени ограничений векторных функций $q$-значной логики на линейные многообразия
Authors: Ryabov Vladimir Gennadievich
Published: June 2020

Получены оценки вероятности того, что для случайно выбранной $k$-мерной векторной функции $q$-значной логики от $n$ переменных существует такое линейное многообразие фиксированной размерности, что ограничение функции на это многообразие имеет степень не выше заданной. Получена асимптотика числа многообразий, на которых ограничения аффинны. Показано, что при $n \to \infty$ и $k\leq n/q$ для почти всех векторных $k$-мерных функций от $n$ переменных значение максимальной размерности многообразия, на котором ограничение аффинно, принадлежит отрезку $[\lfloor \log_q \frac{n}{k}+\log_q \log_q \frac{n}{k} \rfloor, \lceil \log_q \frac{n}{k}+\log_q \log_q \frac{n}{k} \rceil]$, в то время как аналогичный параметр для случая фиксации переменных находится в пределах $[\lfloor \log_q \frac{n}{k} \rfloor, \lceil \log_q \frac{n}{k} \rceil]$.