bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, anti-exudative and anti-inflammatory properties of substituted N-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-cyano-4-(2-furyl)-2-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridin-3-carboxamides
Authors:   St. Luke Lugansk State Medical University, Lugansk, Russian Federation, Oleinik I. , Bibik E. , Dotsenko V. , Strelkov V. , Lukina D. , Frolov K. , Krivokolysko S. , Vasilin V.
Published: November 2023

One-pot reaction of cyanothioacetamide, N-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)acetoacetamide and furfural in the presence of excessive N-methylmorpholine in EtOH at 25 °C gives N-methylmorpholinium 5-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)carbamoyl]-3-cyano-4-(2-furyl)-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridin-2-thiolate, yielding 82%. Subsequent S-alkylation of the prepared thiolate with N-substituted α-chloroacetamides occurs in a regiospecific way to form N-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-cyano-4-(2-furyl)-2-methyl-6-[(2-oxo-2-{[substituted aryl]amino}ethyl)sulfanyl]-1,4-dihydropyridin-3-carboxamides 10–17. Compounds 10–17 were identified by means of IR and NMR spectroscopy, as well as by elemental analysis. Synthesized compounds 10–17 were examined for anti-exudative and anti-inflammatory activity. White laboratory rats numbering 112 individuals were divided into control (“acute formalin-induced paw edema”) and intact groups, 4 reference groups (acetylsalicylic acid, indomethacin, nimesulide, and paracetamol) and 8 experimental groups, according to the number of tested 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives. The efficacy of the anti-inflammatory activity of the samples was evaluated in the model of “acute formalin paw edema” in rats, which was simulated by injecting 0.1 mL of 2% formalin solution into the aponeurosis of the right hind limb. The studied compounds were given intragastrically at a dose of 5 mg/kg 1.5 hours before the induction of the inflammatory process. Oncometric changes were measured quantitatively by limb girth. It was shown that the most pronounced anti-inflammatory activity was possessed by: N-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-cyano-4-(2-furyl)-2-methyl-6-[(2-oxo-2-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-amino}ethyl)sulfanyl]-1,4-dihydropyridin-3-carboxamide 12 (1.09–1.81 times more effective than the reference drugs); 6-[(2-anilino-2-oxoethyl)sulfanyl]- N-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-cyano-4-(2-furyl)-2-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridin-3-carboxamide 16, which reduced the induced paw edema by 42.91% compared to control; N-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-cyano-4-(2-furyl)-2-methyl-6-({2-[(3-methylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl}sulfanyl)-1,4-dihydropyridin-3-carboxamide 14 (1.65–2.85 times higher anti-inflammatory activity compared to the reference drugs in 18-hour experiments). N-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-5-cyano-4-(2-furyl)-2-methyl-6-({2-[(3,5-dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl}sulfanyl)-1,4-dihydropyridin-3-carboxamide 11 was found to be the most active, reducing paw edema 2.9 times more effectively than nimesulide
Distribution of some heavy metals in winter wheat at different stages of its development
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Krupnova T. , Rakova O. , Popkova M. , Gavrilkina S.
Published: November 2023

In the modern world, with its rapid development of industry, environmental pollution by heavy metals is increasing on a scale uncharacteristic of nature. When heavy metals enter the soil in large quantities, they affect the biological and biochemical properties of soils, the change in the amount of mobile forms of nutrients in them. In polluted soils the absorption of heavy metals by plants leads to the accumulation of metals in edible parts of vegetables or crops. The total contamination of the soil is characterized by the gross content of heavy metals, and the availability of elements for plants is determined by their mobile forms. According to the calculation of the geoaccumulation index for the studied elements, the following series of metals have been compiled according to their contribution to soil pollution: Cu > Zn > Fe > Mn. The quantitative measure of the accumulation intensity of chemical elements by plants from the soil is the accumulation coefficient, describing the degree of biofilicity of the elements, as well as intensity of their involvement in biological cycles. The accumulative abilities of roots and shoots in relation to zinc at different stages of wheat growth decrease in the following order: earing > ripening > tubing. However, for copper there is a gradual decrease in accumulation in the roots at different stages of wheat growth in the following order: earing > tubing > ripening; in shoots it is: ripening> tubing > earing. According to the results of the study, several series of metals have been worked out according to the ability of accumulation by winter wheat. The cal-culated value of the transition coefficient allows us to formulate the following conclusions: iron reaches the maximum value of the coefficient at the tubing stage (7.764) and has the greatest value among all elements and growth stages; zinc and manganese reach the maximum value of the coefficient at the earing stage (1.765 and 2.193, respectively); copper reaches it at the ripening stage (1.143).
Synthesis methods, structure and applications of metal di-, tetra- and dihalodicyanoaurates
Authors:   South Ural State University, Shevchenko D.
Published: November 2023

Cyanoaurate complexes are a wide class of compounds with diverse structures. In particular, coordination polymers based on them have many potential practical applications, including such fields as microelectronics, nanotechnology, materials science, and medicine. In addition, when new functional materials are developed, considerable attention is paid to the possibility of participation of molecules and other structural units in non-covalent interactions, which play an important role in determining the physicochemical properties, as well as the biological activity of these materials. Thus, the presence of aurophilic contacts or halogen-halogen bonds in cyanoaurate complexes only fuels the researchers' interest in this class of compounds. Nowadays, the chemistry of gold cyanides continues to develop rapidly, so synthesis and study of new cyanoaurate compounds, as well as systematization of the acquired knowledge, remain important objectives. The present review, which includes the description of modern advances in the field of synthesis methods, study of structural features and possibility of practical use of metal di , tetra- and dihalodicyanoaurates of molecular and ionic types, is based on an analysis of the literature sources, most of which were published before 2022. Some later works are also mentioned in the review. The information presented in the article is of a fundamental nature and is undoubtedly important for specialists in the field of inorganic and organometallic chemistry of gold. The bibliography consists of 232 references.
Features of the structure of tetra(para- tolyl)antimony derivatives p-Tol4SbX (X = Br, OC(O)Ph∙PhH, OSO2C6H2Me3-2,4,6)
Authors: Sharutin V.
Published: November 2023

The structure of tetra(para-tolyl)antimony compounds p-Tol4SbX [X = Br (1), OC(O)Ph∙PhH (2), OSO2C6Me3-2,4,6 (3)] was established by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). According to the X-ray diffraction data, the antimony atoms in complexes 1–3 have a distorted trigonal bipyramidal coordination with three aryl ligands in the equatorial plane, while the axial angles CSbX are 174.75(8), 175.13(9), and 174.51(6). The X-ray diffraction data: (1) [C28H28BrSb, M = 566.16; monoclinic syngony, sp. gr. P21/n; cell parameters: a = 9.868(6) Å, b = 23.312(11) Å, c = 12.106(6) Å; β = 113.15(2), V = 2561(2) Å3, Z = 4; calc = 1.469 g/cm3;  = 2.649 mm–1; F(000) = 1128.0; region 2q collection: 6.4–56.76; –13 ≤ h ≤ 13, –31 ≤ k ≤ 31, –16 ≤ l ≤ 16; total reflections 42998; independent reflections 6359 (Rint = 0.0346); GOOF = 1.080; R-factor 0.0325]; (2) [C41H39O2Sb, M = 685.47; monoclinic syngony, sp. gr. C2/c; cell parameters: a = 28.186(13) Å, b = 15.116(6) Å, c = 17.629(8) Å; β = 91.73(2), V = 7507(6) Å3, Z = 8; calc = 1.213 g/cm3;  = 0.765 mm–1; F(000) = 2816.0; region 2q collection: 6.572–56.996; –37 ≤ h ≤ 37, –20 ≤ k ≤ 20, –23 ≤ l ≤ 23; total reflections 116806; independent reflections 9489 (Rint = 0.0492); GOOF = 1.102; R-factor 0.0363]; (3) [C37H39O3SSb, M = 685.49; monoclinic syngony, sp. gr. P21/n; cell options: a = 12.172(4) Å, b = 18.802(5) Å, c = 15.433(6) Å; β = 108.744(12), V = 3345(2) Å3, Z = 4; calc = 1.361 g/cm3;  = 0.921 mm–1; F(000) = 1408.0; region 2q collection: 5.96–63.02; –16 ≤ h ≤ 17, –27 ≤ k ≤ 27, –22 ≤ l ≤ 21; total reflections 138835; independent reflections 11081 (Rint = 0.0373); GOOF = 1.045; R-factor 0.0304]. Complete tables of atomic coordinates, bond lengths, and bond angles for compounds 1–3 have been deposited at the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Center (CCDC 2182608, 2149953, 2171918; deposit@ccdc.cam.ac.uk; http://www.ccdc.cam. ac.uk).
METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSING THE ADEQUACY OF STATISTICAL SIMULATION MODELS
Authors:   Military Space Academy named after A.F. Mozhaisky, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Vivchar R.M. , Ptushkin A.I. , Sokolov B.V. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science “St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
Published: November 2023

Statistical simulation models of complex technical systems characterized by several indicators of operational efficiency were studied in this paper. The efficiency of obtaining knowledge on the examined systems depends on the quality of the models used. One of the basic properties describing the quality of a model is its adequacy – the complex property characterizing the degree of conformity of the values of the output parameters of the model with the object with the required accuracy and reliability. Current approaches to evaluating the adequacy of models are based on various subjective convolutions of confidence factors from research results to a generalized indicator the essence of which, as a rule, is not interpreted. The presented method of assessing the adequacy of statistical simulation models of complex technical systems with several performance indicators differs from existing methods by using a generalized indicator of adequacy, which is the probability of achieving the required confidence of all the accuracy requirements to determine each of the considered performance indicators. This indicator is a natural, unambiguously interpreted (the probability of satisfying the requirements for model adequacy) objective and generalized indicator of adequacy of the simulation model. For preliminary calculations we use the Parzen–Rosenblatt method and obtain the probability density function of distances between real and model indicators of effectiveness of the examined system. The required result is then obtained by the suggested algorithm of multiple integration of the density function using the Monte-Carlo method. Recommendations on the realization of the computational procedures foreseen by the method are given. The application of the method is illustrated by a description of a computational experiment.
ANALYSIS OF THE STOCHASTIC WENTZELL SYSTEM OF FLUID FILTRATION EQUATIONS IN A CIRCLE AND ON ITS BOUNDARY
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Goncharov N.S. , Sviridyuk G.A.
Published: November 2023

Wentzell boundary condition problems for linear elliptic equations of second order have been studied by various methods. Over time, the condition has come to be understood as a description of a process occurring on the boundary of a domain and affected by processes inside the domain. Since Wentzell boundary conditions in the mathematical literature have been considered from two points of view (in the classical and neoclassical cases), the aim of this paper is to analyse the stochastic Wentzell system of filtration equations in a circle and on its boundary in the space of differentiable K-“noise”. In particular, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the solution that determines quantitative predictions of changes in the geochemical regime of groundwater in the case of non-pressure filtration at the boundary of two media (in the region and on its boundary).
HARTMANN FLOW IN A FLUID LAYER WITH SPATIALLY INHOMOGENEOUS PROPERTIES
Authors:   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS, Perm, Russian Federation, Okatev R.S. , Frick P.G. , Kolesnichenko I.V. ,   Perm State University, Perm, Russian Federation
Published: November 2023

In this study we consider the flow of a spatially-inhomogeneous electrically conductive fluid between parallel planes in a transverse magnetic field. The distributions of electrical conductivity and viscosity of the fluid are given by linear functions. The slopes of these distributions characterize the maximum deviation of the fluid properties from their mean values. We show that inhomogeneity of the fluid properties leads to distortion of the velocity profiles. The resulting profiles are asymmetric and have inflection points. We use a quantity equal to the ratio of flow rates in the upper and lower halves of the layer as a quantitative measure of asymmetry. We determine the relationship between this quantity, the average Hartmann number, and the parameters of the distributions of inhomogeneous properties. We show that starting from a relatively small mean Hartmann number, the inflection points in the velocity profiles appear for any values of the distribution parameters. We provide estimates of characteristic temperatures and concentrations of non-conducting impurity for liquid sodium, at which the described effects appear.
NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF COMPRESSION AFTER IMPACT (CAI-TEST) OF A FABRIC COMPOSITE WITH OPEN HOLE DEFECTS
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Sapozhnikov S.B. , Buslaeva O.S.
Published: November 2023

We examine a new approach to the computational assessment of the compressive fracture load (compression after impact, CAI) of a fabric composite with an open hole defect. The simulation takes into account the possibility of inelastic deformation of the polymer and the failure of fibers. Numerical calculations were conducted in ANSYS WB using standard material models from its library: orthotropic and isotropic elastic-plastic media. The materials used are fixed on common nodes of the finite element mesh, which ensures joint work and complex properties that are not inherent in standard material models (mFEA approach). In the experiments, STEF industrial GFRP 4 mm thick based on type E-type fibers and epoxyphenolic resin was used. Defects from a low-speed impact are replaced in the calculations by an open hole defect. The curves of nonlinear deformation and fracture obtained in the calculations are in good agreement with the experimental ones up to fracture.
DETERMINING THE PARAMETERS OF THE EQUATION OF THE STATE OF MOLECULAR CRYSTALS BASED ON DIFFRACTOMETRIC STUDIES
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Biryukova M.A. , Kovalev Yu.M. , Petrov D.V. , Stankevich A.V. , Shestakov M.A. ,   Russian Federal Nuclear Center – Zababakhin All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Technical Physics, Snezhinsk, Russian Federation
Published: November 2023

The paper presents the results of determining the crystal structure of PETN, hexogen, and HMX samples by X-ray diffractometry and calculations of the unit cell parameters of molecular crystals associated with the processing of X-ray diffractometry results, and experimental relationships between the unit cell volumes of molecular crystals on temperature. The obtained experimental data on the isobaric compression and expansion of the studied molecular crystals allowed us to specify the thermal component of the equations of the state of molecular crystals and obtain an expression for the isobaric thermal expansion coefficient associated with the mathematical model of the thermal component of the equations of state of molecular crystals. The obtained analytical dependence of the isobaric coefficient of thermal expansion on the temperature of the considered samples correctly describes the limiting transition to low temperatures. We propose a method of approximation for the obtained experimental relationships between temperature and the unit cell volume of the studied substances under isobaric compression/expansion based on a mathematical model of the semi-empirical equations of state of molecular crystals. This approach allowed us to obtain analytical relationships between the crystal unit cell volume and temperature, which describes the results of X-ray diffractometry of the molecular crystal samples considered in the work with an accuracy of up to 3 %.
PROPERTIES AND DESCRIPTION OF SOLUTION SETS OF LINEAR FUNCTIONAL EQUATIONS ON A SIMPLE SMOOTH CURVE
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Dilman V.L.
Published: November 2023

The article investigates linear functional equations given in the field of complex numbers on simple smooth curves with a shift function of infinite order. The shift function has a nonzero derivative satisfying the Helder condition, and fixed points only at the ends of the curve. The paper gives a complete description of the sets of solutions of such equations in the classes of continuous, Helder, and primitive Lebesgue functions with a coefficient and the right side of the same classes, depending on the values of the coefficient of the equation at the ends of the curve. Sufficient conditions have been established for the solutions to belong to the specified functional classes.
RAW IMAGE FILTERING BASED ON THE GENERALIZED METHOD OF LEAST MODULES
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Surin V.A. , Cheskidova M.A.
Published: November 2023

This article studies the filtering of RAW images obtained from a photo matrix. The article adapts a filter based on the generalized method of least modules (GMLM) for filtering RAW images from digital cameras. Digital images obtained by digitizing an analog signal with a digital photo matrix have a noise component in addition to the useful signal. The image structure obtained directly from the digital matrix is very different from the usual RGB image. It is necessary to apply a demosaicing algorithm to obtain an RGB image, which introduces additional distortions. It is proposed to filter the resulting image before applying the demosaicing algorithm. RAW images use more bits to describe the brightness of each pixel than standard RGB images and have a different structure. The adaptation of existing digital filters is required to work with such images. For GMLM filtering, coefficients for the parameters of the smoothing transformation function are selected. The advantages of filtering RAW images in comparison with standard RGB images and a comparison of GMLM with averaging and median filtering are shown. Based on the obtained dependencies, the practical problem of increasing the contrast in images of glass insulators based on their RAW images for the subsequent detection of defects in insulators is solved.
EXAMPLES OF EXACT SOLUTIONS OF THE NON-LOCAL WAVE EQUATION WITH NONLINEAR SOURCES
Authors:   Pavel Sukhoi State Technical University of Gomel, Gomel, Republic of Belarus, Shablovskii O.N.
Published: November 2023

The scope of the study is a wave equation with a source in a medium with weak spatial nonlocality. The equation is distinguished by an additional term containing the function sought as a fourth order partial derivative of the spatial coordinate. The transformation of independent variables enables the construction of accurate partial solutions in the form of waves generated by a nonlinear source which depend on the desired function. The velocity regime of the wave (subsonic, sonic, supersonic) is characterized by the Mach number equal to the ratio of the velocity of the wave to the propagation ve-locity of small perturbations. A source function similar to the classical case for the double sine-Gordon equation is considered. A kink solution corresponds to two equilibrium states of the medium-source system. The relation between the source and the kink structure (the area of the solution, the sign of the kink obliquity, and the velocity of its movement) has been established. It is shown that in relation to the dimensionless parameter of nonlocality, the square of the Mach number is a monotonic increasing/decreasing function for the supersonic/subsonic velocity mode. In relation to one of the source parameters, the square of the Mach number is a non-monotonic function with a minimum/maximum in the supersonic/subsonic cases. The source functions corresponding to the extreme modes differ from each other by the inversion of the areas where these functions are positive and negative. For the sine-Gordon equation, the comparison of the classical and nonlocal processes are different not only in the areas of the solutions, but also in the velocity modes (subsonic/supersonic) of the motion of the kink. The cubic nonlinearity of the source gives solutions representing a weak discontinuity of the function sought or a solitary wave. A kink solution depends on the wave coordinate and is determined by a hyperbolic tangent. The paper provides a comparative analysis of the properties of the polynomial (third and fifth degree) functions of sources generating a wave in classical and nonlocal media.
THE APPLICATION OF THE WIDE-RANGE EQUATION OF STATE TO THE BEHAVIOR OF POROUS IRON AND IRON CONTAINING MIXTURES
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, Belkheeva R.K.
Published: November 2023

This paper considers the behavior of porous iron and iron-copper mixtures within a singlecontinuum thermodynamic equilibrium medium. This model describes the behavior of the medium under the shock-wave loading and the isoentropic unloading of solid and porous iron and iron-containing mixture samples using only the parameters of the equation of state and mass concentrations of the components. The comparison of the calculated results with experimental data suggests the effectiveness of the proposed equation for modeling.
Karakteristik Mikroplastik Di Perairan Pulau Tengah, Karimunjawa
Authors: Salsabila Salsabila , Indrayanti Elis , Widiaratih Rikha
Published: November 2023

Abstrak Mikroplastik merupakan partikel plastik berukuran mikro (<5 mm). Ukurannya yang kecil dan ketahanannya yang lama menyebabkan mikroplastik berbahaya jika terakumulasi di dalam tubuh makhluk hidup. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasikan karakteristik mikroplastik yang berada di Pulau Tengah, Karimunjawa. Sampel mikroplastik diambil pada 12 April 2021 di 4 stasiun. Sampel air laut diambil menggunakan plankton net dan diukur parameter fisika dan kimianya. Sampel kemudian dilarutkan dalam larutan etanol 96%, H2O2 30%, selanjutnya disaring menggunakan vacuum pump untuk didapatkan partikel mikroplastik. Partikel mikroplastik diamati kelimpahan dan bentuknya menggunakan mikroskop stereo, lalu dianalisis jenis polimernya dengan alat FTIR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kelimpahan total mikroplastik yang terdapat di perairan Pulau Tengah sebesar 142,44 partikel/m3. Jenis mikroplastik dalam sampel air laut adalah fiber, fragment, film, dan pellets. Warna mikroplastik yang ditemukan adalah hitam, biru, merah, cokelat, kuning, tranparant, dan hijau. Hasil Uji FT-IR jenis polimer mikroplastik yang ditemukan adalah Nitril, HDPE, LDPE, PVA, dan  PP. Mikroplastik berbentuk fragmen paling banyak ditemukan di semua stasiun, dengan kelimpahan 90,3 partikel/m3 dan mikroplastik berwarna hitam paling banyak ditemukan, dengan kelimpahan 74,1 partikel/m3. Mikroplastik yang berada di Perairan Pulau Tengah memiliki potensi untuk mengkontaminasi terumbu karang yang berada di sekitar perairan tersebut.Kata kunci : Pulau Tengah, Mikroplastik, Kelimpahan, FTIRAbstractMicroplastics are micro-sized plastic particles (<5 mm). Its small size and long durability make microplastics dangerous if they accumulate in the body of living things. The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of microplastics in Central Island, Karimunjawa. Microplastic samples were taken on April 12, 2021 at 4 stations. Sea air samples were taken using a plankton net and measured physical and chemical parameters. The sample was then dissolved in 96% ethanol solution, 30% H2O2, then filtered using a vacuum pump to obtain microplastic particles. Microplastic particles were observed and their shape using a stereo microscope, then the type of polymer was analyzed by means of FTIR. The results showed that the total microplastic found in the waters of Central Island was 142.44 particles/m3. The types of microplastics in seawater samples are fiber, fragment, film, and pellet. The colors of the microplastics found were black, blue, red, brown, yellow, transparent, and green. The results of the FT-IR test of the types of microplastic polymers found were Nitrile, HDPE, LDPE, PVA, and PP. Microplastics in the form of fragments were found at all stations, with 90.3 particles/m3 and black microplastics were the most commonly found, with 74.1 particles/m3. Microplastics in Central Island waters have the potential to contaminate coral reefs around these waters.Keywords : Central Island, Microplastics, Abundance, FTIR
Analisa Pengaruh Angin Monsoon Timur terhadap Arus Permukaan Berdasarkan Data HF Radar di Perairan Selat Sunda
Authors: Serodja Candisukma Marsha , Ismanto Aris , Hakim Aradea Ramadhan , Ramdhani Andri
Published: November 2023

Selat Sunda yang terletak diantara Pulau Jawa dan Samudera Hindia merupakan salah satu perairan yang cukup penting dalam sirkulasi massa air di Indonesia dengan kondisi fisik yang sangat dinamis. Hal ini berpengaruh terhadap pola arus permukaan yang terbentuk. Informasi mengenai arus permukaan laut dapat berguna sebagai acuan dalam mendukung berbagai aktifitas maritim. High Frequency Radar merupakan salah satu instrumen kelautan yang mampu mengukur arus permukaan dengan gelombang radio dari jarak jauh secara real time dan kontiyu dengan resolusi spasial dan temporal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh angin monsoon timur pada pola arus permukaan di perairan Selat Sunda. Data pengukuran arus total dari HF Coastal Ocean Dynamics Application Radar (CODAR) dan data angin diperoleh dari European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) periode bulan Mei-Juli 2019. Analisis harmonik dilakukan pada arus permukaan untuk memisahkan arus harmonik dan arus non-harmonik (residu) pada kedua titik evaluasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan arus permukaan di Selat Sunda teridentifikasi dominan dibangkitkan oleh pasang surut dengan nilai persentase arus harmonik (pasang surut) lebih besar dari arus residu pada masing-masing komponen zonal dan meridional. Pola arah arus residu (non pasut) bergerak menuju barat daya akibat adanya pengaruh gradien tekanan serta topografi dasar perairan Selat Sunda. Nilai korelasi arus residu dengan angin menunjukkan tingkat hubungan yang lemah, sehingga arus permukaan di perairan Selat Sunda pada kedua titik evaluasi tidak dipengaruhi oleh angin monsoon timur.
Analisis Perairan Dangkal Berdasarkan Pengolahan Digital Citra Satelit Sentinel-2B Di Perairan Pulau Karimunjawa, Kepulauan Karimunjawa Provinsi Jawa Tengah
Authors: Mahestro Daniel Alfha , Helmi Muhammad , Atmodjo Warsito
Published: November 2023

Kedalaman perairan dapat memberikan berbagai informasi penting mengenai area laut. Pada umumnya pengukuran kedalaman dilakukan dengan survei lapangan, namun hal tersebut tidak dapat menjangkau area perairan dangkal dengan biaya, waktu, dan biaya operasional yang lebih tinggi. Data kedalaman perairan dangkal di Pulau Karimunjawa cukup penting karena dapat dimanfaatkan untuk perencanaan pemanfaatan zona peraian dangkal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji kemampuan citra satelit digital Sentinel-2B untuk pemetaan kedalaman perairan dangkal dan mengkaji pola spasial kedalaman perairan dangkal hasil pengolahan citra Satelit Sentinel-2B di Pulau Karimunjawa. Penelitian ini menggunakan data citra satelit Sentinel-2B dengan tiga saluran multispektral, yaitu saluran merah, saluran hijau, dan saluran biru dan diintegrasikan dengan data kedalaman insitu. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan menggunakan metode perbandingan ratio dari Stumpf untuk mendapatkan kedalaman perairan dari citra Satelit Sentinel-2B. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengolahan digital Citra Satelit Sentinel-2B dapat digunakan untuk pemetaan dan analisis pola spasial perairan dangkal dengan persamaan y=0,9076x – 1,9094 dan tingkat pengaruh yang tinggi (R² = 0,94) antara ratio citra band 2 dengan band 3 terhadap data survei kedalaman dengan tingkat kesalahan yang rendah (RMSE = 2,31). Area studi didominasi oleh perairan dangkal dengan kedalaman 0 -20 meter dibawah MSL.
Studi Karakteristik Geospasial Daerah Senyap (Shadow Zone) Menggunakan Pendekatan MMPE (Monterrey-Miami Parabolic Equation) di Perairan Selat Sunda Bagian Selatan
Authors: Keninggan Khalif , Helmi Muhammad , Rifai Azis
Published: November 2023

Selat Sunda merupakan selat yang berada di dalam ALKI (Alur Laut Kepulauan Indonesia) dimana kapal selam bebas melewatinya. Pada Selat Sunda terdapat daerah senyap, yaitu daerah bawah air yang tidak dapat dilalui gelombang suara. Sehingga Selat Sunda memiliki posisi strategis dalam segi militer dan keamanan negara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keberadaan daerah senyap dan karakteristik geospasialnya di perairan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode MMPE (Monterrey-Miami Parabolic Equation) dengan data input berupa batimetri dan jenis sedimen.  Data karakteristik termoklin dan haloklin sebagai validasi. Metode MMPE menghasilkan data dan informasi visual propagasi gelombang suara di dalam kolom perairan yang dapat diinterpretasikan sebagai daerah senyap. Riset ini menunjukkan daerah senyap di Selat Sunda bagian selatan berada di kedalaman 50-200 m dan panjang bervariasi dari 20-55 km dengan luas 265.2 hektar. Keberadaan daerah senyap sesuai dengan kedalaman termoklin yaitu 50-200 meter dan kedalaman dari haloklin yaitu 30-150 meter.Kata kunci: Shadow zone, sonar, geospasial, MMPE, Selat Sunda The Sunda Strait is located within Indonesia Archipelago Sea Channel, where submarines are free to pass through. The Sunda Strait has a shadow zone, which is an underwater area where sound waves cannot propagate. So that the Sunda Strait has a strategic position in terms of military and state security. This research aims to determine geospatial characteristics of shadow zone in Sunda strait. The MMPE (Monterrey-Miami Parabolic Equation) method uses bathymetry and sediment type as inputs of the program. The Characteristics of thermocline and halocline were used to validated f the results. The MMPE method provides visual information of underwater wave propagation, which is interpreted as a shadow zone. The results showed that using 5000hz frequency and 150 m sound source depth has provided the best information about the shadow zone. This research showed that the shadow zone waslocated at a depth  ranged from 50  to 200 m and has a length that varies from 20-55 km with area wide 265,2 ha. The results also showed that the characteristics of the shadow zone directly influenced by the bathymetric condition of Sunda Strait . The location of the shadow zone corresponds to the depth of thermocline, which was 50-200 m and the depth of halocline, which was 30-150 m. It can be concluded that thermocline and halocline can  affect the depth of the shadow zone  and the characteristic as well.Keywords: Shadow Zone, Sonar, Geospatial, MMPE, Sunda Strait
Perubahan Garis Pantai Perairan Teluk Awur Kabupaten Jepara Menggunakan DSAS (Digital Shoreline Analysis System) Dari Tahun 2012 Sampai 2021
Authors: Ibrahim Muh. Lintang Galih , Atmodjo Warsito , Widada Sugeng
Published: November 2023

Perubahan garis pantai merupakan suatu proses yang berlangsung tanpa henti di mana garis pantai dapat mengalami pengikisan (abrasi) maupun penambahan (akresi) yang diakibatkan oleh beberapa faktor seperti pergerakan sedimen, pergerakan ombak dan penggunaan tanah. Perairan Teluk Awur merupakan perairan yang dinamis di mana garis pantainya berpotensi mengalami perubahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi perubahan garis pantai yang terjadi di Perairan Teluk Awur Jepara dari tahun 2012-2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan data citra Landsat 7 dan Landsat 8, dengan pengolahan data menggunakan software DSAS (Digital Shoreline Analisys System). Data lain yang digunakan yaitu data pasang surut dan data angin. Hasil penelitian menunjukan perubahan garis pantai Perairan Teluk Awur dominan terjadi abrasi di banding akresi. Abrasi maskimal selama tahun 2012 – 2021 sebesar 3,435 ha dengan laju perubahan 16,36 m/tahun. Akresi maksimal seluas 0,602 ha dengan laju perubahan 16,05 m/tahun. Faktor yang mengakibatkan terjadinya abrasi adalah angin yang membangkitkan gelombang serta tidak adanya bangunan pemecah gelombang, sedangkan akresi disebabkan oleh adanya proses sedimentasi.AbstractShoreline change is an ongoing process where the coastline can experience erosion (abrasion) and addition (accretion) caused by several factors such as sediment movement, wave movement, and land use. Teluk Awur waters are dynamic waters where the coastline has the potential to change. This study aims to identify shoreline changes that have occurred in the Awur Jepara Bay waters from 2012-2021. This study uses Landsat 7 and Landsat 8 image data, with data processing using DSAS (Digital Shoreline Analysis System) software. Other data used are tidal data and wind data. The results showed that changes in the shoreline of Teluk Awur waters were dominated by abrasion compared to accretion. Maximum abrasion during 2012 – 2021 is 3.435 ha with a rate of change of 16.36 m/year. The maximum accretion area is 0.602 ha with a rate of change of 16.05 m/year. Factors that cause abrasion are the wind that generates waves and the absence of breakwaters, while accretion is caused by a sedimentation process.
Distribusi Sedimen di Pantai Seribu Ranting, Kecamatan Kedung, Kabupaten Jepara, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Dewantoro Tatih , Suryoputra Agus Anugroho Dwi , Setiyono Heryoso
Published: November 2023

Pantai Seribu Ranting berada di Kecamatan Kedung Kabupaten Jepara,   Jawa Tengah. Di sekitar pantai ini ditemukan rumah tinggal penduduk, memiliki wahana sebagai tempat memancing, dan memiliki destinasi menarik bagi wisatawan. Aktivitas daerah hulu sungai dan daratan memiliki kontribusi terhadap masukan sedimen, yang telah menyebabkan pendangkalan di Pantai Seribu Ranting. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan distribusi ukuran partikel sedimen di Pantai Seribu Ranting. Metode penentuan ukuran partikel sedimen berdasarkan pengayakan dan pipeting. Penelitian ini dilakukan 18 stasiun pada bulan Februari 2022. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa jenis sedimen pasir adalah yang mendominasi. Jenis sedimen lainnya yang ditemukan yaitu lanau, lumpur pasir, dan pasir lanauan. Distribusi sedimen dipengaruhi oleh arus sepanjang pantai, yang merupakan arus pasang surut. Hasil analisis metode admiralty menunjukkan bahwa tipe pasang surutnya merupakn campuran condong ke harian ganda.AbstractSeribu Ranting coastal waters are located in Kedung District, Jepara Regency, Central Java. Around this beach, there are houses for residents, rides as fishing spots, and attractive destinations for tourists. Activities in the upstream and inland areas have contributed to sediment input, which has caused siltation in Seribu Ranting Beach. This study aimed to determine the distribution of sediment particle sizes at Seribu Ranting Beach. The method of determining the extent of sediment particles is based on sieving and pipetting. This research was conducted at 18 stations in February 2022. The results found that the type of sand sediment dominates. Other types of sediment found were silt, silt mud, and silty sand. The sediment distribution is influenced by longshore currents, which are tidal currents. The results of the analysis of the Admiralty method show that the tidal type is a mixed tidal type with a double daily tendency.
Pemetaan Pola Sebaran Sedimen Dasar Di Perairan Wedung, Demak
Authors: Erfiko Muhammad Fery , Widada Sugeng , Atmodjo Warsito
Published: November 2023

Perairan Wedung merupakan salah satu perairan dengan tingkat sedimentasi yang cukup tinggi. Hal ini dikarenakan banyaknya muara sungai yang mendepositkan sedimen di perairan tersebut, diantaranya adalah Sungai Jajar, Gojoyo, dan Saklenting. Muara sebagai penghubung antara sungai dengan laut, cenderung berpotensi terjadinya sedimentasi karena sedimen dari sungai dan dari laut akan bertemu di muara tersebut sehingga terjadi pendangkalan.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui karakteristik sedimen dan pola sebaran sedimen dasar di Perairan Wedung, Demak. Parameter yang diteliti antara lain sedimen dasar, arus, pasang surut, dan batimetri. Metode yang digunakan metode shieving kering dan basah, pemetaan dengan ArcGIS 10.3 dan pemodelan menggunakan MIKE 21. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan sebaran sedimen adalah jenis lanau, lanau pasiran, pasir, dan pasir lanauan. Kecepatan arus berkisar 0,000029 – 0,086279 m/s dengan jenis arus pasang surut. Kondisi batimetri landai dengan kedalaman 0 – 30 m.AbstractThe Wedung waters exhibit a relatively elevated sedimentation rate. This occurrence can be attributed to the substantial quantity of sediment deposited in these waters by various river estuaries, such as the Jajar, Gojoyo, and Saklenting Rivers. The estuarine environment, serving as a transitional zone between fluvial and marine systems, exhibits a propensity for sediment accumulation due to the confluence of riverine and marine sediment, leading to the phenomenon of siltation. The objective of this investigation was to ascertain the properties and spatial arrangement of sedimentary deposits located at Wedung Waters, Demak. The parameters that were examined encompassed bed load sediment, currents, tides, and bathymetry. The employed techniques encompass dry and wet sieving methodologies, cartographic representation through ArcGIS 10.3, and simulation via MIKE 21. The findings of this investigation suggest that the sediment distribution comprises a combination of silt and sand. The present velocity spectrum, including tidal currents, spans from 0.000029 to 0.086279 meters per second. The bathymetry conditions exhibit a sloping topography, characterized by a depth range of 0 to 30 meters.
Accessibility of Device-Aided Therapies for Persons With Parkinson’s Disease in Poland
Authors: Smilowska Katarzyna , Pietrzykowski Tomasz , Chaudhuri K. Ray , Bloem Bastiaan R. , Wamelen Daniel J. van
Published: November 2023

Objective Access to care for people with Parkinson’s disease (PD), particularly to device-aided therapies (DAT), is not equally distributed. The objective was to analyze accessibility to DAT (deep brain stimulation, intraduodenal levodopa pump therapy, and apomorphine pump therapy) in Poland.Methods We analyzed the distribution of DAT use in Poland by determining the number of persons with PD receiving one of the three DATs during 2015–2021.Results In 2021, the number of persons receiving DAT in Poland was 0.56% of the total PD population, increasing from 0.21% in 2015. Overall, deep brain stimulation was the preferred DAT in Poland, but strong regional differences in the use of the other DATs were observed. Accessibility to DAT was negatively associated with average annual income (p < 0.001).Conclusion Access to DAT for persons with PD in Poland is still limited, and strong regional differences in accessibility were observed, although its general increase over the last decade is encouraging.
Discrete approximation of nonlocal-gradient energies
Authors: Braides Andrea , Causin Andrea , Solci Margherita
Published: November 2023

We study a discrete approximation of functionals depending on nonlocal gradients.
The discretized functionals are proved to be coercive in classical Sobolev spaces. The key ingredient in the proof is a formulation in terms of circulant Toeplitz matrices.
The second nonlinear mixed Lie triple derivations on standard operator algebras
Authors: Rehman Nadeem ur , Nisar Junaid , Wani Bilal Ahmad
Published: November 2023

Let

𝒜

{\mathcal{A}}

be a standard operator algebra containing the identity operator I on an infinite dimensional complex Hilbert space

ℋ

{\mathcal{H}}

which is closed under adjoint operation. Suppose that

ϕ
:

𝒜
→
𝒜

{\phi:\mathcal{A}\to\mathcal{A}}

is the second nonlinear mixed Lie triple derivation. Then ϕ is an additive

∗

{\ast}

-derivation.
Protectionism and Gender Inequality in Developing Countries
Authors: Artuc Erhan , Depetris Chauvin Nicolas , Porto Guido , Rijkers Bob
Published: November 2023

How do tariffs impact gender inequality? Using harmonized household survey and tariff data from 54 low- and middle income countries, this paper shows that protectionism has an anti-female bias. On average, tariffs repress the real incomes of female headed households by 0.6 percentage points relative to that of male headed ones. Female headed households bear the brunt of tariffs because they derive a smaller share of their income from and spend a larger share of their budget on agricultural products, which are usually subject to high tariffs in developing countries. Consistent with this explanation, the anti-female bias is stronger in countries where female-headed households are underrepresented in agricultural production, are more reliant on remittances, and spend a comparatively larger share of their budgets on food than male-headed ones.
Application of Neural Networks for Estimating the Concentration of Active Ingredients Solution using In-situ ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy
Authors: Herceg Tesa , Ujević Andrijić Željka , Gavran Matea , Sacher Josip , Vrban Ivan , Bolf Nenad
Published: November 2023

Procesna analitička tehnologija (PAT) sve se češće primjenjuje u procesu kristalizacije za kontinuirano praćenje neke od ključnih procesnih veličina i značajki kvalitete proizvoda. Vrlo bitne procesne varijable za kristalizaciju hlađenjem su temperatura i koncentracija otopine. Kontinuirano mjerenje koncentracije omogućeno je naprednim in situ spektroskopskim instrumentima. U takve metode spada i prigušena ukupna reflektancija Fourier transformacijske infracrvene spektroskopije (engl. Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, ATR-FTIR), primijenjena u ovom istraživanju. U ovom radu razvijeni su kemometrijski modeli za kontinuiranu procjenu koncentracije otopine u stvarnom vremenu metodama strojnog učenja. Cilj ovog rada bio je razviti i ispitati modele parcijalne regresije metodom najmanjih kvadrata (engl. Partial Least Squares Regression, PLSR) i modele neuronskih mreža (engl. Neural Networks, NN) za modeliranje ovisnosti koncentracije djelatne tvari, ksilometazolin hidroklorid, u n-butanolu, o temperaturi i spektralnim podatcima dobivenim mjerenjima ATR-FTIR spektrometrom. U radu je provedena predobrada prikupljenih podataka tehnikom MSC (engl. Multiplicative Scatter Correction) te je provedeno skaliranje podataka prema normalizacijama Min-Max i Z-score. Analiziran je broj neurona u prvom i drugom skrivenom sloju, broj skrivenih slojeva, vrsta primijenjenog algoritma učenja (ADAM, NADAM, RMSprop) kao i utjecaj vrste prijenosne funkcije (ReLU, sigmoid, tanh) na kvalitetu razvijenih neuronskih mreža. Razvijeni modeli na sva četiri skupa podataka dali su iznimno dobre rezultate s obzirom na iznose koeficijenta determinacije i srednje kvadratne pogreške. Modelom neuronske mreže dobiveni su koeficijenti determinacije u rasponu vrijednosti od 0,9979 do 0,9989, dok je srednja kvadratna pogreška od 0,0020 do 0,0011. PLSR modelom dobiveni su koeficijenti determinacije od 0,9990 do 0,9995, odnosno srednja kvadratna pogreška od 0,0009 do 0,0005. Dobiveni rezultati pokazali su da predobrada podataka i dodavanje drugoga skrivenog sloja neuronske mreže u ovoj studiji nisu imali velik utjecaj na konačne rezultate. Takav način praćenja i kontrole procesa rezultira efikasnijom proizvodnjom uz smanjenu vjerojatnost pogreške, što u konačnici farmaceutskoj industriji omogućuje brže plasiranje proizvoda na tržište.
Thermophoresis or When Small Objects Meet Temperature Gradient
Authors: Simović-Pavlović Marina , Pagnacco Maja , Radulović Aleksandra , Senćanski Jelena , Marković Miloš
Published: November 2023

This mini review discusses the phenomenon of thermophoresis, also known as the thermophoretic effect. Thermophoretic effect arises from the combination of a temperature gradient and particles of very small dimensions, on the order of magnitude of the mean free path of the molecules of the surrounding gas. Despite being a little-known effect, it is critical to many physical and chemical processes and for characterising the properties of nanostructured materials that could be used in industry for sensing applications. A description and definition of otherwise very similar thermophoresis terms is provided, as well as a brief overview of the literature on this topic, with a focus on research in the twenty-first century.
Review on Helicobacteriosis Associated Diseases
Authors: Almashhadany Dhary Alewy , Mohammed Hero Ismael , Aljoborey Abdulmunem Dherar Abdullah
Published: November 2023

Helicobacteriosis is a bacterial infection caused by Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori)(HP). which was discovered in 1982 by Australian scientists Barry Marshall and Robin Warren, who were later awarded the Nobel Prize in 2005.Epidemiological evidence has shown that H.pylori colonizes the upper gastrointestinal tract(GIT), and the infection is one of the most common human bacterial pathogens worldwide, with 4.4 billion infected individuals in 2015, but the prevalence varies according to situation and hygiene principles. Since this first isolation, it has become apparent that this organism may be one of the most common bacterial pathogens of humans, and it is one of the risk factors for adenocarcinoma.  Thus, it was categorized as a group 1 carcinogen in 1994 by the World Health Organization (WHO). New infections with H.pylori are thought to occur as a consequence of direct human-to-human transmission, via either an oral-oral or fecal-oral route or both. H.pylori has been detected in stool, saliva, vomitus, and gastric refluxate, the material that has been subject to reflux, principally stomach acid that has leaked up into the esophagus. Clinically, H. pylori infection in humans is related to chronic gastritis, peptic ulceration, duodenal ulcer, and gastric cancer in addition to mucosa-associated lymphoid malignancies.According to the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates available at that time, it was supposed that about 4.4 billion infected individuals in 2015 were infected with H. pylori. These estimations can vary and are subject to change over time as recent investigations and information become obtainable. The prevalence of H. pylori is complex and affected by several factors, comprising age, clinical outcomes, geographical location, and socioeconomic status. A higher incidence was reported in unhygienic and economically poor areas; the rate of H. pylori infection in Africa, South America, and Asia was significantly higher than that in Western Europe, North America, and Australia. However, the disease spectrum of H. pylori infection shows a wide range of clinical aspects, including gastrointestinal diseases and extra gastric manifestations. In this review, we have described the general scope of these diseases.