bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
History at the heart of medicine
Authors: Bellis Richard T. , Cooper Fred , Knoeff Rina , McGuire Coreen , Parry Manon , Tybjerg Karin , Verwaal Ruben E. , Woods Angela
Published: May 2024

With a focus on the challenges of today and tomorrow in the critical medical humanities the role of history is often overlooked. Yet history and medicine are closely intertwined. Right now, with the surfacing of knotty problems such as changing demographics, chronic pain, loneliness and Long Covid – and the consequent necessity to change directions and policies – history seems more urgent than ever. However, historians of medicine have sometimes been reticent to play a role in medicine and policymaking. The recent and welcome development of the critical medical humanities has intervened in medicine in important ways, but often without clear engagement with the history of medicine. In this letter, we make a renewed case for coherence and collaboration between history of medicine, medicine, and medical humanities, emphasising the continuity and links between all three. The skills and focus of the historian of medicine bring crucial historical context to the table, enabling better understanding of medical collecting, new imaginative futures, profound critiques of key medical concepts, and understandings of the body through time. By emphasising what historians can do for medicine and medical humanities, we call for building historical work into how medicine, illness and health are understood now and in the future. We suggest three potential roles for historians: keepers of memories, conversation partners, and futurist thinkers.
Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit Non-Communicable Disease Survey data, 2013-2017
Authors: McLean Estelle , Mwiba Oddie , Chitodwe Odala , Kanjala Chifundo , Nzundah Dominic , Chirwa Themba , Saul Jacky , Branson Keith , Crampin Amelia C
Published: May 2024

Here we describe a dataset from a cross-sectional survey carried out by the Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, to describe the burden and determinants of hypertension, diabetes and lipid disorders in rural and urban Malawi. Data were collected between May 2013 and April 2017 through face-to-face data capture in participant’s homes in the Karonga district in northern Malawi (n=13,904) and Area 25 in the capital Lilongwe in the central region (n=16,660). Data collected included sections on demographic data, marital status and spouse information, household socio-economic status, smoking, indoor smoke exposure, alcohol use, diets, physical activity, pregnancy, medical history and family medical history. All blood samples were tested for glucose, lipids, electrolytes and full blood count. Data are available to researchers on reasonable request.
Monumentos históricos: ni tan quietos como piedras ni tan mudos como piedras
Authors: Calderón Acero, Camilo
Published: May 2024

A partir de un interés investigativo amplio sobre cómo se construye la memoria y cómo se cuenta la historia en el este país, Sebastián Vargas Álvarez, profesor titular de Historia en la Escuela de Ciencias Humanas de la Universidad del Rosario, lideró un trabajo interdisciplinario alrededor de los monumentos históricos de Colombia. Estas reflexiones se compilan en dos publicaciones impresas.
Entre Deus e o rato: o divino e a experiência mística em "Perdoando Deus", de Clarice Lispector
Authors: Sacramento Douglas Santana Ariston
Published: May 2024

Clarice Lispector (1929-1977) publicou diversos gêneros literários, e, entre eles, o conto se destaca como uma produção ampla e de fôlego. O presente artigo almeja analisar um conto da autora intitulado “Perdoando Deus”, o qual retrata o contato da narradora com o divino ao caminhar pelas ruas do Rio de Janeiro e o momento em que sente algo que não sabe nomear. A partir disto, a personagem acaba pisando em uma representação deste Deus que surge na forma de um rato morto. Logo, o artigo se estenderá sobre a temática da experiência mística que percorre todo o conto, trazendo a concepção de “experiência interior”, do filósofo francês Georges Bataille (2016), e, em seguida, analisará qual faceta de Deus (com base na Bíblia) a narradora encontra e que está sendo evocada dentro da narrativa na forma de um rato, animal considerado impuro.
Uma captura dos silêncios em "O regresso de Júlia Mann a Paraty"
Authors: SIlva Karen Belarmino Lourenço da
Published: May 2024

Este artigo pretende fazer uma leitura do livro O regresso de Júlia Mann a Paraty (2021), de Teolinda Gersão, levando em conta as ideias de som e silêncio e compreendendo-o como a captura de três silêncios: momentos de pensamento, escrita e morte. Além disso, busca analisar as relações entre as personagens e a música, entendendo, assim, de que forma o som e o silêncio são relevantes para a composição da obra.
Dos quadros às narrativas, das narrativas aos quadros: um diálogo entre Frida Kahlo e Clarice Lispector
Authors: Viana Gabriele Costa
Published: May 2024

O presente artigo tem como objetivo a realização de um estudo comparativo entre as obras de Frida Kahlo e Clarice Lispector. Kahlo, considerada uma importante artista latinoamericana surrealista, movimento que se baseia na teoria de Freud; e Lispector, uma escritora mundialmente lida e detentora de uma escrita enigmática, que gira em torno dos questionamentos da vida. Por muitas vezes os gestos de escrever e pintar se mesclam entre as duas mulheres que se permitiram entrar nas searas desconhecidas e desvendar o não dito. Como substrato teórico, são utilizados os conceitos de "livro de artista". A aplicação da metodologia aqui adotada tornará possível a percepção de características comuns às obras de duas artistas, a princípio distantes no tempo e espaço.
Management of lymphedema is really a matter in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Choi Jung Eun , Chang Min Cheol
Published: May 2024

Lymphedema is a prevalent complication affecting patients with breast cancer, greatly impacting their quality of life. This editorial describes diagnostic methods and therapeutic interventions for managing lymphedema in patients with breast cancer. Diagnosis relies on clinical evaluation and objective measures, including arm circumference and volumetric assessments, along with lymphoscintigraphy and ultrasonic measurements. Treatment primarily involves complex decongestive physical therapy, comprising manual lymphatic drainage, compression therapy, exercise, and meticulous skin care. These interventions aim to reduce swelling, alleviate discomfort, and prevent further complications. Additionally, lifestyle modifications such as avoiding extreme temperatures and maintaining proper hygiene are essential. Flavonoids can be used for drug therapy. Despite its prevalence, lymphedema often receives inadequate attention in clinical practice, emphasizing the importance of raising awareness and enhancing medical services for affected individuals. Clinicians play a pivotal role in educating patients about preventive measures and ensuring timely intervention. Overall, a comprehensive approach encompassing early diagnosis, multidisciplinary management, and patient education is essential to mitigate the burden of lymphedema in patients with breast cancer and improve their overall well-being.
Effect of three-volt moxibustion with helium-neon laser irradiation on quality of care in patients with lumbar radiculopathy spondylosis
Authors: Ji Xiu-Kun , Li Jian
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Lumbar radiculopathy spondylosis is a relatively common orthopedic disease with a high incidence rate. It most commonly occurs in the lumbar 4-5 and lumbar 5-sacral 1 vertebrae, which account for approximately 95% of cases. It mostly occurs in people aged 30-50 years old and greatly affects their quality of life.

AIM

To determine the effect of triple-voltage acupuncture combined with helium-neon laser irradiation on the quality of care and improvement of symptoms in patients with lumbar radiculopathy spondylolisthesis.

METHODS

In this study, we selected 120 patients with lumbar radiculopathy spondylosis who were treated at our hospital between June 2019 to June 2020. The patients were divided into control and observation groups according to the random number table method, with 60 patients in each group. Patients in the observation group were treated with three-volt moxibustion combined with helium-neon laser irradiation, and those in the control group were treated with lumbar traction. After 1 month of treatment, the lumbar pain scores, lumbar spine motor functions, clinical treatment effects, and nursing satisfaction of the two groups were compared.

RESULTS

The results showed that acupuncture combined with laser irradiation significantly improved the patients' clinical symptoms, i.e. , reduced their low back pain, significantly lower numerical rating scale pain scores in the observation group than in the control group, and better lumbar spine motility than in the control group, compared to lumbar traction. In addition, they were cared for. The treatment effectiveness rate of the observation group was 95.5%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (81.67%). Satisfaction with care was higher than 90 points in both groups, but the difference was not statistically significant.

CONCLUSION

Our study provides a clinical rationale for the future treatment of patients with lumbar spine disease. However, further extensive research is needed for validation.
Mental health status among COVID-19 patients survivors of critical illness in Saudi Arabia: A 6-month follow-up questionnaire study
Authors: Alhammad Abdullah M , Aldardeer Namareq F , Alqahtani Abdulaziz , Aljawadi Mohammad H , Alnefaie Bushra , Alonazi Raghad , Almuqbil Mansour , Alsaadon Abdulrahman , Alqahtani Rakan M , Alballaa Rashid , Alshehri Bader , Alarifi Mohammed I , Alosaimi Fahad D
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Psychological assessment after intensive care unit (ICU) discharge is increasingly used to assess patients' cognitive and psychological well-being. However, few studies have examined those who recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). There is a paucity of data from the Middle East assessing the post-ICU discharge mental health status of patients who had COVID-19.

AIM

To evaluate anxiety and depression among patients who had severe COVID-19.

METHODS

This is a prospective single-center follow-up questionnaire-based study of adults who were admitted to the ICU or under ICU consultation for > 24 h for COVID-19. Eligible patients were contacted via telephone. The patient’s anxiety and depression six months after ICU discharge were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The primary outcome was the mean HADS score. The secondary outcomes were risk factors of anxiety and/or depression.

RESULTS

Patients who were admitted to the ICU because of COVID-19 were screened (n = 518). Of these, 48 completed the questionnaires. The mean age was 56.3 ± 17.2 years. Thirty patients (62.5%) were male. The main comorbidities were endocrine (n = 24, 50%) and cardiovascular (n = 21, 43.8%) diseases. The mean overall HADS score for anxiety and depression at 6 months post-ICU discharge was 11.4 (SD ± 8.5). A HADS score of > 7 for anxiety and depression was detected in 15 patients (30%) and 18 patients (36%), respectively. Results from the multivariable ordered logistic regression demonstrated that vasopressor use was associated with the development of anxiety and depression [odds ratio (OR) 39.06, 95% confidence interval: 1.309–1165.8; P < 0.05].

CONCLUSION

Six months after ICU discharge, 30% of patients who had COVID-19 demonstrated a HADS score that confirmed anxiety and depression. To compare the psychological status of patients following an ICU admission (with vs without COVID-19), further studies are warranted.
Transformation of marginal zone lymphoma into high-grade B-cell lymphoma expressing terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase: A case report
Authors: Fan Zhi-Min , Wu Dao-Lei , Xu Neng-Wen , Ye Li , Yan Li-Ping , Li Lin-Jie , Zhang Jun-Yu
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

High-grade B-cell lymphoma (HGBL) is an unusual malignancy that includes myelocytomatosis viral oncogene (MYC ), B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2 ), and/or BCL-6 rearrangements, termed double-hit or triple-hit lymphomas, and HGBL-not otherwise specific (HGBL-NOS), which are morphologically characteristic of HGBL but lack MYC , BCL-2 , or BCL-6 rearrangements. HGBL is partially transformed by follicular lymphoma and other indolent lymphoma, with few cases of marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) transformation. HGBL often has a poor prognosis and intensive therapy is currently mainly advocated, but there is no good treatment for these patients who cannot tolerate chemotherapy.

CASE SUMMARY

We reported a case of MZL transformed into HGBL-NOS with TP53 mutation and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase expression. Gene analysis revealed the gene expression profile was identical in the pre- and post-transformed tissues, suggesting that the two diseases are homologous, not secondary tumors. The chemotherapy was ineffective and the side effect was severe, so we tried combination therapy including venetoclax and obinutuzumab. The patient tolerated treatment well, and reached partial response. The patient had recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma and died of multifunctional organ failure. He survived for 12 months after diagnosis.

CONCLUSION

Venetoclax combined with obinutuzumab might improve the survival in some HGBL patients, who are unsuitable for chemotherapy.
Subclinical paraganglioma of the retroperitoneum: A case report
Authors: Kang Li-Min , Yu Fa-Kun , Zhang Fu-Wei , Xu Lei
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Paraganglioma (PGL) located in the retroperitoneum presents challenges in diagnosis and treatment due to its hidden location, lack of specific symptoms in the early stages, and absence of distinctive manifestations on imaging.

CASE SUMMARY

A 56-year-old woman presented with a left upper abdominal mass discovered 1 wk ago during a physical examination. She did not have a history of smoking, alcohol consumption, or other harmful habits, no surgical procedures or infectious diseases, and had a 4-year history of hypertension. Upon admission, she did not exhibit fever, vomiting, or abdominal distension. Physical examination indicated mild percussion pain in the left upper abdomen, with no palpable enlargement of the liver or spleen. Laboratory tests and tumor markers showed no significant abnormalities. Enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the upper abdomen revealed a cystic solid mass in the left epigastrium measuring approximately 6.5 cm × 4.5 cm, with inhomogeneous enhancement in the arterial phase, closely associated with the lesser curvature of the stomach and the pancreas. The patient underwent laparoscopic resection of the retroperitoneal mass, which was successfully removed without tumor rupture. A 12-month postoperative follow-up period showed good recovery.

CONCLUSION

This case report details the successful laparoscopic resection of a retroperitoneal subclinical PGL, resulting in a good recovery observed at the 12-month follow-up. Interestingly, the patient also experienced unexpected cure of hypertensive disease.
Single-shot enhanced imaging through multimode fiber based on self-learning networks
Authors: Zhang Chuncheng , Li Jinyu , Liang Ji , Hu Zhaoxuan , Chen Qian , Sui Xiubao
Published: May 2024

High-fidelity imaging through a multimode fiber (MMF) plays a crucial role in various fields such as medicine, communication, and detection. However, the optical transmission matrix of the MMF suffers from dimensionality reduction. This case results in poor reconstruction quality such as low resolution and noise. In this paper, an unsupervised self-learning circulate learning network is employed to enhance a single degraded image without ground truth images. Moreover, an edge-preserving smoothing filter is applied to address the heavy noise problem of the reconstructed images. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can improve the dimensionality and fidelity of the reconstructed target. Compared to traditional transmission matrix-based reconstruction methods, we have a competitive advantage in terms of evaluation metrics. The proposed method further advances the development of imaging through a multimode fiber.
Optically accessible gas exposure apparatus for testing and characterization of holographic gas sensors
Authors: Antony Graceson , Joseph Rinto Eyyalil , George Saji , Cody Dervil , Naydenova Izabela
Published: May 2024

Holographic gas sensors are of great interest due to their widespread
applicability and potential for high sensitivity, fast response,
immunity to electromagnetic interference, and compact and lightweight
nature. For effective design and development of holographic gas
sensors, it is essential to have a reliable and safe gas exposure
system allowing for optical access for testing purposes. Here, the
design and operation of a custom gas exposure apparatus for the
performance evaluation of holographic grating-based gas sensors within
a research laboratory setting is presented. The apparatus enables the
real-time measurement of analyte-induced changes in key holographic
grating parameters: grating diffraction efficiency and reconstruction
wavelength. A demonstration of the capabilities of the optically
accessible apparatus to evaluate sensor response time, sensitivity to
different volatile organic compound analytes, and response to cyclical
gas exposure is presented. The AutoCAD designs, as well as the
material and equipment specifications for the custom apparatus, are
provided to facilitate reproduction of the gas development and gas
exposure setup.
Design and performance simulation of a silica microdisk cavity optical pressure sensor
Authors: Li Chen , Lu Huayang
Published: May 2024

The opto-mechanical system of optical whispering-gallery mode (WGM) microcavities confines resonant photons in micro-scale resonators for a long time, which can strongly enhance the interaction between light and matter, making it an ideal platform for various sensors. To measure the slim optical pressure in the interaction between the laser and matter, a silica microdisk cavity sensor with metal film is designed in this paper. In this study, the finite element method was employed to investigate the opto-mechanical coupling mechanism in a microdisk cavity. From the aspects of optics and mechanics, the structural parameters of the sensor were optimized and the performance was simulated. The simulation results show that at 1550 nm, the sensor’s optical quality factor (Q) can reach ∼104, the free spectral range is ∼5.3nm, the sensing sensitivity is 5.32mPa/Hz1/2, and the optical force resolution is 6.61×10−12N, which is better than the thin-film interferometry and optical lever method.
Wide-field-of-view and high-resolution waveguide display based on the coupling-collimation system
Authors: Weng Jiacheng , Pei Chunyang , Yang Hui , Li Haifeng , Wu Rengmao , Liu Xu
Published: May 2024

Waveguide display is a common augmented reality (AR) solution. In traditional waveguide display systems, the design of the couplers and the design of the collimators are separated. In order to achieve high imaging resolution under a large field of view, complex collimating lens groups are often required. In this work, a waveguide display scheme based on the coupling-collimation system is proposed. This system consists of a freeform liquid crystal diffractive optical element on the waveguide and a freeform element outside the waveguide, replacing the conventional in-coupler and collimator. Through the overall optimization of the coupling-collimation system, a wide-field-of-view and high-resolution waveguide display can be realized with a simple and compact structure. We demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of this scheme by exemplifying several design results. The proposed scheme is expected to facilitate the design of waveguide displays with higher performance.
Laser-accelerator driven ultrahigh Brightness EUV/SRX sources
Authors: Hegelich Bjorn Manuel , Barber Samuel , Franke Phil , Gracia Miguel , Labun Lance , Milton Stephen , van Tilboerg Jeroen
Published: May 2024

TAU Systems, Inc., is developing a laser accelerator system to generate high-energy electron beams as drivers for table-top synchrotron-like x-ray sources and compact EUV/X FEL systems for semiconductor R&D and metrology, other applications. We show for the first time >10 GeV from a laser wakefield accelerator and plans for an application center.
Commissioning of the ICS hard X-ray light source
Authors: Murokh Alex
Published: May 2024

The ICS source development program at RadiaBeam is discussed, including the recent progress on the commissioning of the novel C-band hybrid photoinjector, 100 MeV beam energy upgrade, and the initial results of the ICS source commissioning. We also provide a brief overview of the future experimental plans and source productization outlook.
Statistical insights of polarization speckle via von Mises–Fisher distribution on the Poincaré sphere
Authors: Chandra Sourav , Singh Rajeev , Singh Rakesh Kumar
Published: May 2024

Polarization speckles generated via random scattering of light are ubiquitous in natural and engineered systems. They not only manifest intensity fluctuations but also reveal a spatially fluctuating, random polarization distribution. The precise morphology of the polarization speckle pattern serves as a deterministic signature of the light’s state of polarization fluctuation within a scattering medium. Given the inherent randomness of polarization speckle patterns, a statistical approach emerges as the most pragmatic method for their analysis. Stokes parameters, implemented as temporal or spatial averages, are utilized for this purpose. However, within a polarization speckle field featuring a specific spatial average of Stokes parameters, the polarization state exhibits spatial variations across the speckle pattern. These random polarization fluctuations can be effectively modeled using a particular probability density function (PDF), visually represented on the Poincaré sphere. In this work, von Mises–Fisher (vMF) distribution on the Poincaré sphere is extended and applied to demonstrate a statistical insight of polarization speckle fields. A complete theoretical basis is established to investigate the spatial fluctuation of the state of polarization in the polarization speckle using vMF distribution on the Poincaré sphere, including the spatial mean direction, and spatial concentration parameter. Behavior of the marginal vMF distribution on the axes of the Poincaré sphere and its association with the probability density function of the normalized at-the-point Stokes parameters for three different polarization speckles are examined by experiment and simulation. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation results and confirm the usefulness of the established theoretical framework for the analysis of the polarization speckles. Characterization of spatial polarization fluctuation offers significant applications, such as in polarimetric analysis and optical sensing, and the same analogy can be used in quantum optics.
Does the quasi-static polarizability have principal axes?
Authors: Markel Vadim A.
Published: May 2024

Beyond strict statics, the dipole polarizability tensor is a complex symmetric matrix. Such matrices may not be diagonalizable by an orthogonal similarity transformation (a rigid rotation of the reference frame). In this paper, we provide examples of polarizability tensors that have no real principal axes and discuss the conditions under which this counter-intuitive phenomenon can occur.
Electron to photon noise transfer in mid-infrared lasers
Authors: La Penna Irene , Gabbrielli Tecla , Cappelli Francesco , De Natale Paolo , Marschick Georg , Weih Robert , Hinkov Borislav
Published: May 2024

We investigate the noise transfer from injected electrons to emitted photons in coherent mid-infrared (MIR) sources with the aim of finding the best fitting conditions for detection of squeezed light in the MIR.
Design method for lens desensitization adapted to refractive index error
Authors: Wang Siqi , Meng Qingyu , Wang Xiaodong , Dong Jihong , Ren Chengming , Qi Yunsheng
Published: May 2024

The design of optical systems not only considers the imaging performance but also the manufacturing difficulty and feasibility of the system. In practice, errors in the manufacturing process of glass materials and deviations in glass material parameters introduced in complex environments can both lead to degradation in the imaging quality of optical systems. Optical systems that are sensitive to glass material errors face increased manufacturing difficulty and reduced stability. This paper, based on geometrical optics theory, establishes an evaluation function for refractive index error sensitivity and analyzes its relationship with optical parameters and glass materials. It proposes a design method to reduce the refractive index sensitivity of optical systems. Through simulation verification and analysis using examples, the validity of the desensitization design method is confirmed.
Manipulating terahertz guided wave excitation with Fabry-Perot cavity–assisted metasurfaces
Authors: Luo Yuanda , Ye Wangcheng , Zhou Linjie , Xie Jingya
Published: May 2024

Metasurfaces are emerging as powerful tools for manipulating complex light fields, offering enhanced control in free space and on-chip waveguide applications. Their ability to customize refractive indices and dispersion properties opens up new possibilities in light guiding, yet their efficiency in exciting guided waves, particularly through metallic structures, is not fully explored. Here, we present a new method for exciting terahertz (THz) guided waves using Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity-assisted metasurfaces that enable spin-selective directional coupling and mode selection. Our design uses a substrate-free ridge silicon THz waveguide with air cladding and a supporting slab, incorporating placed metallic metasurfaces to exploit their unique interaction with the guided waves. With the silicon thin layer and air serving as an FP cavity, THz waves enter from the bottom of the device, thereby intensifying the impact of the metasurfaces. The inverse-structured complementary metasurface could enhance excitation performance. We demonstrate selective excitation of TE00 and TE10 modes with directional control, confirmed through simulations and experimental validations using a THz vector network analyzer (VNA) system. This work broadens the potential of metasurfaces for advanced THz waveguide technologies.
Broadband Characterization of Randomly Coupled 19-Core Multicore Fiber
Authors: Dallachiesa Lauren , Fontaine Nicolas K. , Ryf Roland , Mazur Mikael , Chen Haoshuo , Rademacher Georg , Luis Ruben S. , Puttnam Ben J. , Furukawa Hideaki , Inoue Ayumi , Nagashima Takuji , Hayashi Tetsuya
Published: May 2024

We evaluate 19-core randomly-coupled multi-core fiber using swept wavelength interferometry in the O-, E-, C- and L-bands. We show a differential mode delay reduction when unspooling the fiber and increased full-mixing length at shorter wavelengths.
Design Tradeoffs for Coherent Pluggable Optics At 800G and Beyond
Authors: Maniloff Eric
Published: May 2024

As coherent pluggable optics scale to 800Gb/s, new applications will be addressed. This paper provides an overview of these applications, and the details of how module implementations differ to address different applications’ unique requirements.
Delay-minimized Distributed Sequence Routing for Satellite Optical Networks
Authors: Zhao Qiancheng , Zhu Ruijie , Zhang Yudong , Zhang Wenchao , Xi Chao , Yang Bo
Published: May 2024

A sequence routing algorithm based geographical information is proposed to reduce delay in satellite optical networks. The simulation results show that compared with the static topological routing algorithm, the average delay is reduced by 30%.
The Opportunities and Challenges of EuroQCI
Authors: Wissel Felix , Nikiforov Oleg , Giemsa Daniel , Gunkel Matthias
Published: May 2024

EuroQCI, the European Quantum Communication Infrastructure, is one of the most ambitious security initiatives in Europe. We will present the status and discuss challenges and opportunities.
The Evolution of Open and Disaggregated Optical Networks: From Open Line System to Open Box System
Authors: Chen Sai , Zheng Weitang , Dou Liang , Zhang Huan , Sun Zhao , Wang Lei , Gao Fan , Yan Boyuan , Zhai Zhiqun , Xie Chongjin
Published: May 2024

Optical networks have been evolving from proprietary and close systems to open line systems, and further to open box systems. Technologies that enabled the evolution are reviewed and discussed.
Optical Multipath Interference Reduction Using Adaptive DC-Removal in High-Speed IM/DD Systems
Authors: Oettinghaus Silas , Dochhan Annika , Wettlin Tom , Rahman Talha , Calabrò Stefano , Stojanovic Nebojsa , Pachnicke Stephan
Published: May 2024

We present an experimental study of multipath-interference reduction techniques for 56GBd and 92GBd PAM-4. By extending the equalizer with an adaptive removal of intensity fluctuations, MPI tolerance is increased by 2 and 10 dB, respectively.
SM-TCC-VCSEL-based 800 Gbps Linear Drive Pluggable Transceiver
Authors: Iwama Yamato , Yagisawa Takatoshi , Ide Satoshi , Takeda Kazutaka , Ge Chang , Gu Xiodong , Koyama Fumio
Published: May 2024

We developed the world's first SM-VCSEL based 800 Gbps LPO transceiver. By adopting 8ch-1060nm high-speed TCC-VCSEL array with superior linearity, the TECQ of 2.1dB and 2km SMF transmission with 5pJ/bit were successfully demonstrated.
Disaggregation and Virtualization for Future Access and Metro Networks
Authors: Kani Jun-ichi
Published: May 2024

Future access and metro networks are expected to support advanced broadband services and evolving mobile x-haul in a flexible manner. This presentation reviews progress and challenges on disaggregation and virtualization technologies to meet this expectation.
Sigma-Delta-over-Fiber
Authors: Torfs G. , Vandierendonck A. , Zardosht F. , Meysmans C. , Wang X. , Li H. , Demeester P.
Published: May 2024

Sigma-delta modulation can encapsulate an analog radio signal in a digital bit stream enabling low-cost synchronous radio-over-fiber links. This paper covers both direct modulated links and links with external upconversion for use in fronthaul connections.
Fast Online Optimization of Multi-pump Raman Amplifiers for Field Deployment in Multi-band Optical Networks
Authors: Gao Xiaoxuan , Gu Rentao , Liu Yuejiao , Linbai  , Ji Yuefeng
Published: May 2024

We experimentally demonstrate Raman amplifier optimization with fast pump deviation inference in different scenarios. Using less than 3 new data, accurate gain generation is achieved with low root mean square error (<0.1 dB).
Real-time 100G and 200G Unrepeatered Transmission over 691.8km and 655.9km Respectively
Authors: Wen Quanying , Li Jianping , Wang Yan , Xu Songsong , Wang Yanpu , Lin Jiang , Yu Jingying , Lao Xuegang , Luo Gan
Published: May 2024

We present records of unrepeatered transmission 100Gb/s and 200Gb/s over 691.8km and 655.9km, respectively. This achievement involved the use of special modulation format, optimal Raman technology, and ultra-low loss & 130 um2 Aeff fibers.
Digital Twin-based Insertion Loss Estimator for Anomalous Loss Localization and Network Equalization Enhancement
Authors: Yang Xin , Sun Chenyu , Charlet Gabriel , Tornatore Massimo , Pointurier Yvan
Published: May 2024

We propose and experimentally validate a novel accurate digital-twin-based span-level insertion losses estimator. This enables detection and localization of anomalous insertion losses; when combined with equalization, 1.3dB SNR margin improvement is demonstrated despite inaccurate physical layer knowledge.
Optical properties of a fs laser-created sphere inside a CYTOP fiber by Mueller polarimetry
Authors: Que Ruyue , Garcia-Caurel Enrique , Kalli Kyriacos , Pansu Robert , Audibert Jean-Frédérique , Lancry Matthieu , Poumellec Bertrand
Published: May 2024

Optical elements embedded in an optical fiber can be used to shape and
modulate the light transmitted within. We consistently observe, via
Mueller polarimetry, that the optical properties of a femtosecond (fs)
laser-created spherical cavity within a perfluorinated fiber exhibit
predictable patterns. Specifically, linear birefringence is always
induced at the periphery of the cavity, with its value showing a
bell-shape distribution. The peak value of LB showed an increase
correlating with the laser fluence and power, but its FWHM remains
unchanged. Furthermore, it is important to highlight that when the
cavity is disrupted, forming a channel to the fiber’s surface, a
negative LB is observed at the cavity’s periphery, with a value
reaching up to −0.4 rad. These optical phenomena may pique the
interest of engineering and technical fields, potentially inspiring
innovative approaches in optical fiber technology and its associated
applications.
Accelerated phase retrieval using adaptive support and statistical fringe processing of phase estimates
Authors: Onglao Mario Juvenal S. , Almoro Percival F.
Published: May 2024

A technique for accelerated multiple-plane phase retrieval is demonstrated by creating adaptive support through the statistical analysis of phase estimates. Its technical advantage arises from, what we believe to be, the first time use of both phase estimates and a statistical metric, enabling the fast generation of noise-robust support masks. This results in a fourfold improvement in convergence speed when compared to the conventional multiple-plane method. Evaluating data fitting performance with fewer intensity recordings showed that using four or more recordings resulted in accurate fitting, three recordings caused overfitting, and two recordings led to underfitting for the test object waves used. In principle, the adaptive support strategy based on the statistical analysis of phase estimates may be applied to other iterative phase retrieval methods.
Sensitivity, precision, and accuracy of fs-LIBS for heavy metal detection in flowing aqueous solutions
Authors: Chen Yutong , Jiang Yuanfei , Han Jianhui , Chen Anmin , Jin Mingxing
Published: May 2024

This investigation employs femtosecond laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (fs-LIBS) to measure the concentrations of chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and copper (Cu) in flowing aqueous solutions. The fs pulsed laser excites the water, generating plasma in a dynamic setting that prevents liquid splashing—a notable advantage over static methods. The flowing water column maintains a stable liquid level, circumventing the laser focus irregularities due to liquid-level fluctuations. Calibration curves, based on a linear function, reveal limits of detection (LODs) as low as 0.0179 μg/mL for Cr, 0.1301 μg/mL for Pb, and 0.0120 μg/mL for Cu. The reliability of the experiment is confirmed by R2 values exceeding 0.99. These findings offer valuable insights for the analysis of trace heavy metals in flowing aqueous solutions using fs-LIBS, demonstrating the technique’s potential for environmental monitoring.
Seasonal tissue-specific gene expression in wild crown-of-thorns starfish reveals reproductive and stress-related transcriptional systems
Authors: Morin Marie , Jönsson Mathias , Wang Conan K. , Craik David J. , Degnan Sandie M. , Degnan Bernard M.
Published: May 2024

Animals are influenced by the season, yet we know little about the changes that occur in most species throughout the year. This is particularly true in tropical marine animals that experience relatively small annual temperature and daylight changes. Like many coral reef inhabitants, the crown-of-thorns starfish (COTS), well known as a notorious consumer of corals and destroyer of coral reefs, reproduces exclusively in the summer. By comparing gene expression in 7 somatic tissues procured from wild COTS sampled on the Great Barrier Reef, we identified more than 2,000 protein-coding genes that change significantly between summer and winter. COTS genes that appear to mediate conspecific communication, including both signalling factors released into the surrounding sea water and cell surface receptors, are up-regulated in external secretory and sensory tissues in the summer, often in a sex-specific manner. Sexually dimorphic gene expression appears to be underpinned by sex- and season-specific transcription factors (TFs) and gene regulatory programs. There are over 100 TFs that are seasonally expressed, 87% of which are significantly up-regulated in the summer. Six nuclear receptors are up-regulated in all tissues in the summer, suggesting that systemic seasonal changes are hormonally controlled, as in vertebrates. Unexpectedly, there is a suite of stress-related chaperone proteins and TFs, including HIFa, ATF3, C/EBP, CREB, and NF-κB, that are uniquely and widely co-expressed in gravid females. The up-regulation of these stress proteins in the summer suggests the demands of oogenesis in this highly fecund starfish affects protein stability and turnover in somatic cells. Together, these circannual changes in gene expression provide novel insights into seasonal changes in this coral reef pest and have the potential to identify vulnerabilities for targeted biocontrol.
What can we learn when fitting a simple telegraph model to a complex gene expression model?
Authors: Jiao Feng , Li Jing , Liu Ting , Zhu Yifeng , Che Wenhao , Bleris Leonidas , Jia Chen
Published: May 2024

In experiments, the distributions of mRNA or protein numbers in single cells are often fitted to the random telegraph model which includes synthesis and decay of mRNA or protein, and switching of the gene between active and inactive states. While commonly used, this model does not describe how fluctuations are influenced by crucial biological mechanisms such as feedback regulation, non-exponential gene inactivation durations, and multiple gene activation pathways. Here we investigate the dynamical properties of four relatively complex gene expression models by fitting their steady-state mRNA or protein number distributions to the simple telegraph model. We show that despite the underlying complex biological mechanisms, the telegraph model with three effective parameters can accurately capture the steady-state gene product distributions, as well as the conditional distributions in the active gene state, of the complex models. Some effective parameters are reliable and can reflect realistic dynamic behaviors of the complex models, while others may deviate significantly from their real values in the complex models. The effective parameters can also be applied to characterize the capability for a complex model to exhibit multimodality. Using additional information such as single-cell data at multiple time points, we provide an effective method of distinguishing the complex models from the telegraph model. Furthermore, using measurements under varying experimental conditions, we show that fitting the mRNA or protein number distributions to the telegraph model may even reveal the underlying gene regulation mechanisms of the complex models. The effectiveness of these methods is confirmed by analysis of single-cell data for E. coli and mammalian cells. All these results are robust with respect to cooperative transcriptional regulation and extrinsic noise. In particular, we find that faster relaxation speed to the steady state results in more precise parameter inference under large extrinsic noise.
Analysis of implementation processes in a hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial of interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for major depressive disorder in prisons: Training, supervision, and recommendations
Authors: Johnson Jennifer E. , Hailemariam Maji , Zlotnick Caron , Richie Fallon , Wiltsey-Stirman Shannon
Published: May 2024

Background

There are 10 million admissions to U.S. prisons and jails each year. More than half of those admitted have mental health problems. The goal of this article is to inform: (1) implementation of evidence-based mental health treatments in prisons and jails, an important effort that needs more evidence to guide it; (2) psychotherapy and interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) training efforts, especially in low-resource settings.

Methods

A randomized hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial of group IPT for major depressive disorder (MDD) in state prisons found that IPT increased rates of MDD remission and lowered posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms relative to prison treatment as usual. The trial used prison counselors, only some of whom had prior psychotherapy training/experience, to deliver IPT. IPT treatment adherence was high (96%), but trial training and supervision were too costly to be scalable outside the trial. The current article reports results from a planned qualitative analysis of 460 structured implementation and supervision documents in that trial to describe training and supervision processes and lessons learned, inform training recommendations, and facilitate future work to optimize training and supervision for under-resourced settings.

Results

Themes identified in implementation and supervision process notes reflected: work on psychotherapy basics (reflective listening, focusing on emotions, open-ended questions, specific experiences), IPT case conceptualization (forming a conceptualization, what is and is not therapeutic work, structure and limit setting, structure vs. flexibility), IPT techniques (enhancing social support, role plays, communication analysis), psychotherapy processes (alliance repair, managing group processes), and managing difficult situations (avoidance, specific clients, challenging work settings). Counselors were receptive to feedback; some relied on study supervisors for support in managing stressful prison working conditions.

Conclusions

Findings can be used to make future training and supervision more efficient. Based on our results, we recommend that initial and refresher training focus on IPT case conceptualization, steps for addressing each IPT problem area, and reflective listening. We also recommend supervision through at least counselors’ first two rounds of groups. More low-cost, scalable training methods are needed to get mental health treatment to individuals who need it most, who are often served in challenging, low-resource settings such as prisons. This is a mental health access and equity issue.

Trial registration

The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01685294).
How warm are political interactions? A new measure of affective fractionalization
Authors: Hudde Ansgar , Horne Will , Adams James , Gidron Noam
Published: May 2024

Affective polarization measures account for partisans’ feelings towards their own party versus its opponent(s), but not for how likely partisans are to encounter co-partisans versus out-partisans. However, the intensity of out-party dislike and the probability with which this comes into play both determine the social impact of cross-party hostility. We develop an affective fractionalization measure that accounts for both factors, and apply it to longitudinal survey data from 20 Western publics. From this perspective, countries with fewer dominant parties may be more harmonious because partisans have lower probabilities of interacting with political opponents. At the party level, partisans of smaller, more radical parties are particularly troubled because they strongly dislike out-partisans and have few co-partisans. Affective fractionalization has increased in most Western publics over time, primarily because of growing party-system fragmentation.
Whole genome profiling of short-term hypoxia induced genes and identification of HIF-1 binding sites provide insights into HIF-1 function in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Feng Dingxia , Qu Long , Powell-Coffman Jo Anne
Published: May 2024

Oxygen is essential to all the aerobic organisms. However, during normal development, disease and homeostasis, organisms are often challenged by hypoxia (oxygen deprivation). Hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs) are master regulators of hypoxia response and are evolutionarily conserved in metazoans. The homolog of HIF in the genetic model organism C. elegans is HIF-1. In this study, we aimed to understand short-term hypoxia response to identify HIF-1 downstream genes and identify HIF-1 direct targets in C. elegans. The central research questions were: (1) which genes are differentially expressed in response to short-term hypoxia? (2) Which of these changes in gene expression are dependent upon HIF-1 function? (3) Are any of these hif-1-dependent genes essential to survival in hypoxia? (4) Which genes are the direct targets of HIF-1? We combine whole genome gene expression analyses and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) experiments to address these questions. In agreement with other published studies, we report that HIF-1-dependent hypoxia-responsive genes are involved in metabolism and stress response. Some HIF-1-dependent hypoxia-responsive genes like efk-1 and phy-2 dramatically impact survival in hypoxic conditions. Genes regulated by HIF-1 and hypoxia overlap with genes responsive to hydrogen sulfide, also overlap with genes regulated by DAF-16. The genomic regions that co-immunoprecipitate with HIF-1 are strongly enriched for genes involved in stress response. Further, some of these potential HIF-1 direct targets are differentially expressed under short-term hypoxia or are differentially regulated by mutations that enhance HIF-1 activity.
First detection and characterization of mcr-1 colistin resistant E. coli from wild rat in Bangladesh
Authors: Ali Md. Wohab , Karmakar Susmita , Utsho Kishor Sosmith , Kabir Ajran , Arif Mohammad , Islam Md. Shafiqul , Rahman Md. Tanvir , Hassan Jayedul
Published: May 2024

Colistin resistance is a global concern warning for a one health approach to combat the challenge. Colistin resistant E. coli and their resistance determinants are widely distributed in the environment, and rats could be a potential source of these isolates and resistant determinants to a diverse environmental setting. This study was aimed to determine the presence of colistin resistant E. coli (CREC) in wild rats, their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotypes, and genotypic analysis of mcr-1 CREC through whole genome sequencing (WGS). A total of 39 rats were examined and CREC was isolated from their fecal pellets onto MacConkey agar containing colistin sulfate (1 μg/ mL). AMR of the CREC was determined by disc diffusion and broth microdilution was employed to determine MIC to colistin sulfate. CREC were screened for mcr genes (mcr-1 to mcr-8) and phylogenetic grouping by PCR. Finally, WGS of one mcr-1 CREC was performed to explore its genetic characteristics especially resistomes and virulence determinants. 43.59% of the rats carried CREC with one (2.56%) of them carrying CREC with mcr-1 gene among the mcr genes examined. Examination of seventeen (17) isolates from the CREC positive rats (n = 17) revealed that majority of them belonging to the pathogenic phylogroup D (52.94%) and B2 (11.76%). 58.82% of the CREC were MDR on disc diffusion test. Shockingly, the mcr-1 CREC showed phenotypic resistance to 16 antimicrobials of 8 different classes and carried the ARGs in its genome. The mcr-1 gene was located on a 60 kb IncI2 plasmid. On the other hand, ARGs related to aminoglycosides, phenicols, sulfonamides, tetracyclines and trimethoprims were located on a 288 kb mega-plasmid separately. The mcr-1 CREC carried 58 virulence genes including genes related to adhesion, colonization, biofilm formation, hemolysis and immune-evasion. The isolate belonged to ST224 and closely related to E. coli from different sources including UPEC clinical isolates from human based on cgMLST analysis. The current research indicates that rats might be a possible source of CREC, and the presence of mcr-1 and other ARGs on plasmid increases the risk of ARGs spreading and endangering human health and other environmental components through this infamous pest.