bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ginecomastia: Consideraciones médicas y quirúrgicas en cirugía general
Authors: Palmieri-Luna Alfonso , González-Vega Jaime Andrés , Guardo-Martínez Linda Lucia , Palmieri-Hernández Adriana María , Hernández Amín Luz Adriana
Published: June 2021

La ginecomastia, definida como el crecimiento del tejido glandular mamario en los hombres, aparece desde la etapa neonatal hasta la senil, puede ser unilateral o bilateral, y es de causa multifactorial, incluyendo aquellos pacientes asociados al uso de medicamentos, donde predomina un desbalance en la relación testosterona–estrógeno. Relativamente, la idiopática es la más frecuente. La mayoría involucionan espontáneamente, las neonatales por perdida del influjo transplacentario en las primeras semanas, y las puberales entre 12 a 24 meses. Se presenta como un aumento del tamaño mamario, asintomático o con hipersensibilidad por inflamación durante el crecimiento del tejido fibroglandular mamario, con una repercusión psicológica enorme, sobre todo en la etapa de la adolescencia. El estudio y manejo es interdisciplinario y se ofrece de acuerdo con las condiciones y la etiología. Aquellos pacientes púberes en quienes no involuciona reciben tratamientos médicos, o tratamientos quirúrgicos cuando falla la terapéutica o hay presión social, e incluso radioterapia en casos donde desarrollan ginecomastia con hipersensibilidad al tratamiento hormonal del cáncer de próstata.
Experiencia operatoria de los residentes de cirugía general: Resultados de un estudio transversal multinstitucional en Colombia
Authors: Sierra Sierra Sebastián , Domínguez Torres Luis Carlos , Torregrosa-Almonacid Lilian
Published: June 2021

Introducción. Una parte fundamental del entrenamiento de un residente de cirugía es lograr un volumen operatorio suficiente para alcanzar una competencia adecuada en su vida laboral independiente. Tanto el volumen como la autonomía, son desafíos para los programas de residencia en cirugía general de Colombia. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio multinstitucional, con la participación de 5 programas de especialización en cirugía general, de diferentes regiones del país. Se utilizó la bitácora electrónica Logbook para el registro de procedimientos durante un periodo de 12 meses. Se hizo un análisis de la base de datos recolectada. Resultados. Un total de 111 médicos residentes participaron en el estudio. Se registraron 29.622 procedimientos quirúrgicos, que correspondieron a 23.206 pacientes. El 51,7 % de los procedimientos fueron cirugías electivas, el 46,9 % cirugías de urgencia y el 1 % de emergencia. El 22,6 % de los procedimientos se realizó a través de un abordaje mínimamente invasivo. Los cinco procedimientos quirúrgicos más frecuentemente registrados fueron: colecistectomía (n=4341), apendicectomía (n=2558), herniorrafia inguinal (n=2059), herniorrafia umbilical (n=1225) y lavado peritoneal (n=1198). En promedio, cada residente realizó 27 cirugías por mes y en estos procedimientos el rol predominante del residente fue el de cirujano principal, desde momentos tempranos en su formación (a partir del segundo año). Discusión. Es posible lograr a nivel nacional el registro de las actividades a través de una bitácora. Los médicos residentes colombianos realizan un número de cirugías similares o mayores a lo descrito en otros países. Debemos actualizar nuestras expectativas según la formación que reciben actualmente los médicos residentes.
Gastrectomía por cáncer gástrico: abordaje mínimamente invasivo
Authors: Pinilla Morales Raúl Eduardo , Martin-Montero Wilmar Alfonso , Facundo Navia Gimar Helena , Manrique-Acevedo Maria Eugenia , Guevara-Cruz Oscar Alexander , Herrera-Mora David Ricardo , Bonilla Castañeda Ana Deise , Rey Ferro Mario , Abadía Díaz Mario Arturo , Rendón Hernández Martha Juliana , Sánchez Pedraza Ricardo , Oliveros-Wilches Ricardo
Published: June 2021

Introducción. El cáncer gástrico en nuestro país es una de las neoplasias más comunes y su diagnóstico generalmente se realiza en estadios avanzados. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir las características sociodemográficas y clínicas, la experiencia quirúrgica, y las complicaciones en los pacientes con cáncer gástrico.

Métodos. Se presenta una serie de casos en la que se revisaron las historias clínicas de pacientes con diagnóstico histológico de adenocarcinoma gástrico, a quienes se les practicó gastrectomía mínimamente invasiva en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología de Bogotá D.C., Colombia, entre enero de 2012 y diciembre de 2018.

Resultados. Se realizó gastrectomía por laparoscopia convencional en 31 pacientes (75,6 %) y por laparoscopia asistida por robot en 10 pacientes (24,4 %). Los estadios clínicos fueron IA en 20 pacientes (48,7 %), IB en tres (7,3 %), IIA en nueve (21,9%), IIB en cinco (12,2 %) y IIIA en cuatro pacientes (9,7 %). Se realizaron 24 gastrectomías totales (58,5 %) y 17 distales (41,4 %). No hubo muertes intraoperatorias ni posoperatorias a 30 días. La disección ganglionar predominante fue D2 en el 92,6 % (n=38) de los casos. Se presentaron complicaciones posoperatorias en el 17,1 % (n=7).

Discusión. La gastrectomía por cáncer gástrico realizada por vía laparoscópica convencional y la asistida por robot, parecen ser procedimientos seguros y factibles. La determinación de supervivencia libre de enfermedad y mortalidad asociada a cáncer será necesaria para establecer la seguridad oncológica de este tipo de procedimientos en nuestro medio.
Evaluación y análisis del índice de severidad tomográfico y clasificación de Atlanta 2012 en pancreatitis aguda severa
Authors: Velásquez-Cuasquen Braulio Giovanni , Ruiz Beltrán Germán Hernando , Orozco-Chamorro Claudia Milena , Díaz Realpe Jesús Eduardo , Jiménez Ramírez Lía Jazmín , Alejandro Fernández Daniel Alejandro , Merchán-Galvis Ángela
Published: June 2021

Introducción. En el paciente con pancreatitis aguda severa, la presencia de necrosis infectada y falla multiorgánica se asocian con una mortalidad del 20-40 %. La tomografía computarizada con contraste intravenoso y la clasificación del Consenso de Atlanta 2012 son importantes herramientas de diagnóstico para el tratamiento oportuno. En esta investigación, se analizó la relación del índice de severidad tomográfico y los cambios morfológicos locales según dicha clasificación, con la estancia hospitalaria, intervención, infección y mortalidad de los pacientes.

Métodos. Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva realizado entre los años 2015 y 2019, donde se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 15 años con pancreatitis aguda severa diagnosticado por tomografía computarizada con contraste, y se evaluó el índice de severidad tomográfico y los cambios morfológicos según la clasificación de Atlanta 2012, en relación con los desenlaces clínicos de los pacientes.

Resultados. Se incluyeron 56 pacientes, en el 82,1 % (n=46) de los casos la causa fue litiásica. La falla orgánica fue principalmente pulmonar 53,6 % (n=30) y cardiovascular 55,4 % (n=31). Según la tomografía, se clasificó como severa (7-10 puntos) en el 91,1 % (n=51) de los pacientes. En pacientes con necrosis amurallada infectada la estancia hospitalaria media fue mayor (78,5 días); en todos los pacientes con pancreatitis severa se encontró infección y fueron sometidos a algún tipo de intervención. La mortalidad fue menor del 10 % (n=5).

Discusión. El índice de severidad tomográfica para la categorización de severo se correlacionó en un 90 % con pancreatitis aguda severa. Una tomografía de control a la cuarta semana podría identificar complicaciones tardías para un manejo precoz.
De la puerta de urgencias al quirófano: revelando los minutos de oro en trauma cardíaco penetrante
Authors: Agamez-Fuentes José Eduardo , Mejía Daniel Ernesto , Sandra Sepúlveda Sandra Sepúlveda , Muñoz-Caicedo Brayan , David Mejía-Toro David Mejía-Toro , Morales-Uribe Carlos Hernando
Published: June 2021

Introducción. El manejo de la herida cardiaca penetrante es un reto dado que requiere un rápido manejo quirúrgico para evitar que su desenlace sea fatal. Múltiples factores pronósticos han sido descritos, sin embargo, no ha sido documentada la relación entre el tiempo de llegada a quirófano y el uso de pledgets con la mortalidad. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo de corte transversal, desde el año 2011 hasta el año 2018, en un hospital universitario de la ciudad de Medellín. Se evaluaron los registros de los pacientes con herida cardiaca penetrante confirmada y se realizó análisis univariado, bivariado y multivariado, así como curvas de supervivencia. Resultados. Los pacientes inestables o con taponamiento cardiaco que llegan al quirófano después del minuto 4 de haber ingresado a urgencias tienen cuatro veces más posibilidades de morir que los que llegan a quirófano antes (RR 4,1 IC95% 1,43–12,07). El uso de pledgets en el reparo de la herida cardiaca, corresponde a un factor protector para los pacientes, con un OR ajustado de 2,5 (IC95% 1,124-5,641). El tipo de traumatismo, la arritmia intraoperatoria y el índice de choque al ingreso también fueron factores pronósticos. Discusión. Se documenta el efecto del tiempo de llegada a quirófano sobre la mortalidad, lo cual permitirá en un futuro generar cambios en el manejo de estos pacientes en función de estos tiempos. La evidencia encontrada sugiere mejores desenlaces con el uso rutinario de pledgets.
MEMÓRIAS DE DEZ ANOS DE IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DO CURSO DE GRADUAÇÃO EM TERAPIA OCUPACIONAL NA UFRJ 2009-2019 – PARTE II
Authors: Costa Marcia Cabral da , Almeida Marcus Vinicius Machado de , Costa Ramires Milena Porto , Freire Sarah Rodrigues
Published: June 2021

Este capítulo visa apresentar as ações implementadas, ao longo dos dez anos de existência, do Curso de Graduação em Terapia Ocupacional da UFRJ. Ações que foram pensadas tanto nos âmbitos institucionais quanto interinstitucionais nas áreas do ensino de graduação e pós-graduação, na pesquisa, na extensão, na assistência e na gestão. O período compreende de 2009-2019. No texto será mapeado a conquista dos espaços físicos, o número de vagas de professores, a criação de projetos, laboratórios, grupos de pesquisa, eventos, dentre outras ações que foram sendo alcançadas. O objetivo é destacar narrativas, eventos, personagens e imagens que rememoram os dez primeiros anos de vida do Curso de Terapia Ocupacional da UFRJ, sem pretensão de esgotar a história que encontra-se em curso e em plena expansão. Iniciar este capítulo afirmando que o primeiro Curso de Graduação em Terapia Ocupacional no estado do Rio de Janeiro em instituição pública foi o da UFRJ é polêmico na história dos cursos públicos no Rio de Janeiro. Por um lado, foi o IFRJ a ter os primeiros editais e contratações de professores para a graduação de Terapia Ocupacional em 2006, antes mesmo de ter o Curso aprovado. Por outro lado, a UFRJ foi a primeira a aprovar o projeto político pedagógico de curso em instâncias superiores de instituições públicas, aprovado pelo chamado Consuni (Conselho Universitário da Universidade). Os documentos atestam que em 28 de maio de 2008, o Curso da UFRJ foi aprovado no Conselho de Ensino Superior (CEG), e em 26 de junho de 2008 pelo Consuni, publicado no Boletim Interno da UFRJ em 17 de julho de 2008 . Concomitante a este processo, a Resolução nº 13, 11/07/2008, atesta a aprovação e autorização do Curso de graduação em Terapia Ocupacional do IFRJ, na instância superior, o Conselho Diretor do CEFET Química-RJ, atual Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro. Após a validação dos cursos, ambas as instituições iniciaram suas primeiras turmas em 2009, o IFRJ no primeiro semestre e a UFRJ no segundo semestre do mesmo ano, cada instituição ofertando 30 alunos por semestre. Além disso, os documentos também atestam que o reconhecimento do Curso do IFRJ se deu pela Portaria SERES/MEC nº 305 de 27/12/2012 enquanto que o da UFRJ se deu pela Portaria 112 de 14/02/2014 publicado no Diário Oficial da União em 17/02/2014.
TERAPIA OCUPACIONAL AFRORREFERENCIADA
Authors: Costa Marcia Cabral da , Santos Anna Carolina , Costa Juli Cabral da
Published: June 2021

Como produzir uma Terapia Ocupacional em território brasileiro, habitado em sua maioria por pessoas pretas, e que tenha a África como perspectiva? Essa é uma indagação pulsante e ritmada que faz parte de um intenso processo de discussão, em curso, entre os integrantes do Lab − Laboratório de Estudos Africanos, integrado às atividades e à Terapia Ocupacional- . Importante destacar que como compromisso ético com as perspectivas africanas, a palavra na língua Yorubá “ ” foi incorporada às abordagens afrorreferenciadas da Terapia Ocupacional. é uma palavra da língua Yorùbá, que tem origem na raiz do verbo “Ọe”, que carrega um signifi cado próximo ao que conhecemos como “a ação de fazer”. Sendo assim, pode ser traduzido por atividade, ocupação ou trabalho (BENISTE, 2011), termos presentes no campo de estudo, produção de conhecimento e prática da Terapia Ocupacional. Lab- é o primeiro Laboratório do Departamento de Terapia Ocupacional e da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro que se dedica, especifi camente, aos estudos relacionados às atividades nas perspectivas africanas e/ou afro-brasileiras (COSTA et al, 2020, p.734). Lab- é, portanto, o quilombo de pesquisadores negros, em sua maioria da Terapia Ocupacional, mas também das Artes, da Psicologia, da Nutrição, do Design; um quilombo que se orgulha dos nomes e das mercadorias que cada um coloca nesse grande mercado de trocas.
The Impact of Gadget Use on the Aspects of Early Childhood Language Development during Covid-19
Authors: Putri Vebionita Megi , Eliza Delfi
Published: June 2021

Children are generations or descendants as a result of the relationship between men and women, whether in marriage or not. Early childhood is an individual who is experiencing a period of very rapid growth, even though now the entire world is experiencing the Covid-19 pandemic, it is not an obstacle to children's development and growth. With the pandemic, the government is implementing learning at home, the use of technology media is the main key in online learning. This study aims to describe the impact of using gadgets in early childhood in the aspects of language development. This research was conducted using the literature study method in which journals, books and other sources reinforce this research.
Mind Style and Motherhood in 21st Century Philippine Fiction
Authors: Callueng Erly S. Parungao , Jocson Jennie V.
Published: June 2021

This paper presents an analysis of Isolde Amante’s Eve, a 21st century Philippine fiction to reveal a contemporary worldview of motherhood. Despite the success of feminist movements in society, motherhood remains fraught with romantic ideals that stem from the essentialist notions of gender and sex. This results in ‘othering’--oppressing and alienating women in the 21st century. The paper argued that the entire notion of motherhood has entered a postmodern framing—one that challenges traditional notions of motherhood and mothering. To characterize this worldview, the paper used the theories of cognitive stylistics, such as conceptual metaphor theory, to describe the mind style of the text’s focalizer, the narrator in Eve. This theory granted access to the intricate mental processes which helped explain why a character behaves a certain why, what dispositions s/he hold in life, as well as what motivations form his/her thoughts, language and action. Further, the mind style is drawn from the communicative force that make up the ‘maternal discourse’ in the text, using Searle’s Speech Act theory. The result is an unorthodox but liberating view of motherhood and mothering. The study argues the need to mainstream mind style analysis in 21st century fiction literary analysis to discover evolving and liberating ideals related to the constructions of gender, and in particular, motherhood.
Transparency in Predictive Algorithms: A Judicial Perspective
Authors: Malek Md. Abdul
Published: June 2021

Notwithstanding the
apparent hyperbole about AI promises for judicial modernization, there arise
deep concerns that span from unfairness, privacy invasion, bias, discrimination
to the lack of transparency and legitimacy, etc. Likewise, critics branded their
application in the judicial precincts as ethically, legally, and technically
distressing. Accordingly, whereas there is already an ongoing transparency
debate on board, this paper attempts to revisit, extend and contribute to such
simmering debate with a particular focus from a judicial perspective. Since preserving
and promoting trust and confidence in the judiciary as a whole appears to be imperative, it uses a searchlight to
explore how and why justice algorithms ought to be transparent as to their training
data, methods, and outcomes. This paper also ends up delineating the tentative
paths to do away with black-box effects and suggesting the way out for the use
of algorithms in high-stake areas like the judicial settings.
Leveraging the uniformity framework to examine crosslinguistic similarity for long-lag stops in spontaneous Cantonese-English bilingual speech
Authors: Johnson Khia A.
Published: June 2021

While crosslinguistic influence is widespread in bilingual speech production, it is less clear which aspects of representation are shared across languages, if any. Most prior work examines phonetically distinct yet phonologically similar sounds, for which phonetic convergence suggests a cross-language link within individuals [1]. Convergence is harder to assess when sounds are already similar, as with English and Cantonese initial long-lag stops. Here, the articulatory uniformity framework [2, 3, 4] is leveraged to assess whether bilinguals share an underlying laryngeal feature across languages, and describe the nature of cross-language links. Using the SpiCE corpus of spontaneous Cantonese-English bilingual speech [5], this paper asks whether Cantonese-English bilinguals exhibit uniform voice-onset time for long-lag stops within and across languages. Results indicate moderate patterns of uniformity within-language—replicating prior work [2, 6]—and weaker patterns across languages. The analysis, however, raises many questions, as correlations were generally lower compared to prior work, and talkers did not adhere to expected ordinal VOT relationships by place of articulation. Talkers also retained clear differences for /t/ and /k/, despite expectations of similarity. Yet at the same time, more of the overall variation seems to derive from individual-specific differences. While many questions remain, the uniformity framework shows promise.
Wideband Diaphragm Polarizer for Satellite Antennas
Authors: Torpeda Takeda
Published: June 2021

This article presents the design and characteristics of new broadband polarizer based on a square guide with diaphragms. Matching and polarization characteristics of the guide polarizer have been simulated and optimized. Frequency dependences of the simulated characteristics are presented. Developed square guide polarizer can be applied in modern satellite antennas.
Examine The Role of Online Travel Agents to Increase Room Occupancy
Authors: Hermawan Hary , Wijayanto Rudi , Prihatno  , Sinangjoyo Nikasius Jonet
Published: June 2021

Online Travel Agent (OTA) is an online-based start-up company that serves ticket purchases, hotel room reservations, and tourist attraction ticket purchases. One of the many OTA companies that collaborate with accommodation providers is Traveloka. Balkondes Sakapitu has used OTA, in this case, Traveloka as a partner in selling its products in the form of rooms. This study aims to analyze the role of OTA in increasing room occupancy in Balkondes Sakapitu. This research is qualitative research with a case study research design. This study indicates that OTA plays an essential role in increasing room occupancy at Balkondes Sakapitu. The increase in room occupancy is measured by the number of online reservation levels through Traveloka within three months from October to December 2020. The role of increasing room occupancy, the use of OTA in this case Traveloka includes: showing the position or position of the hotel based on reviews from guests and a forum for promotion and sales. There are advantages and disadvantages of using Traveloka for Balkondes Sakapitu. These advantages include marketing personnel's efficiency, saving operational costs, easy to change prices, and statistical data reports. While the drawbacks: the difference in sales prices, long payment tempo, and needed qualified HR. The strength of this research, when compared with previous research, is that this study reveals the pattern of cooperation between the hotel and OTA, and discusses the distribution of commission amounts that in previous studies not discussed.
ILMU ANTROPOLOGI DENGAN ILMU SOSIAL
Authors: Rahman Aulia
Published: June 2021

Antropologi sebagai disiplin ilmu. Di Indonesia, perkembangan antropologi sebagai disiplin ilmu yang dipelajari para mahasiswa di perguruan tinggi masih tergolong baru. Salah satu tokoh penting dalam perkembangan antropologi di Indonesia adalah Koentjaraningrat, sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa ia merupakan bapak antropologi di Indonesia (Suparlan, 1988). Sebagai tokoh sentral di Indonesia, Koentjaraningrat telah meletakkan dasar-dasar antropologi Indonesia. Sebagai disiplin ilmu, antropologi merupakan kajian yang multidisipliner yang berupaya mengkaji aspek manusia secara menyeluruh (holistik). Secara historis, antropologi berkembang dari suatu deskripsi hasil-hasil laporan perjalanan para penjelajah dan penjajah tentang kehidupan manusia di daerah yang disinggahi para penjelajah, atau kehidupan salah satu suku bangsa yang tinggal di daerah jajahan. Deskripsi tersebut dikenal dengan nama etnografi. Dalam perjalanannya kemudian, antropologi berkembang sebagaimana keberadaannya sekarang baik di negara-negara Eropa Barat, Amerika maupun di Asia. Beberapa cabang antropologi yang dikenal secara luas saat ini adalah antropologi fisik atau biologi, antropologi sosial, dan antropologi budaya. Di sisi yang lain, antropologi juga merupakan bidang ilmu terapan sehingga hasil kajiannya dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai masukan dalam pengambilan keputusan untuk keperluan pembangunan, terutama dalam pembangunan sosial budaya, seperti antropologi pembangunan, antropologi kesehatan, antropologi ekonomi, dan sebagainya
Open data, open review and open dialogue in making social sciences plausible
Authors: Vuong Quan-Hoang
Published: June 2021

A growing awareness of the lack of reproducibility has undermined society’s trust and esteem in social sciences. In some cases, well-known results have been fabricated or the underlying data have turned out to have weak technical foundations.
THE GAME: PREDATORY JOURNAL VS. SCOPUS
Authors: HOSSAN DALOWAR
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study is to identify the features of fraudulent journals. Fraudulent journals wasted valuable manuscripts when scholars and authors publish their works in this kind of journal. Fraud journals publish the articles without reviewing the process with a high rate of fee. Purposive sampling technique and document analysis method have been used to conduct this research. One Scopus indexed journal has been selected for reviewing their articles and investigating the publication process. Based on the discussion of this study, the researcher found some characteristics of predatory/fraud/ journals that will help the scholars to avoid publishing fake journals.
Payments and freedoms: Effects of monetary and legal incentives on COVID-19 vaccination intentions in Germany
Authors: Sprengholz Philipp , Henkel Luca , Betsch Cornelia
Published: June 2021

Monetary and legal incentives have been proposed to promote COVID-19 vaccination uptake. To evaluate the suitability of incentives, an experiment with German participants examined the effects of payments (varied within subjects: 0 to 10,000 EUR) and freedoms (varied between subjects: vaccination leading vs. not leading to the same benefits as a negative test result) on the vaccination intentions of previously unvaccinated individuals (n = 782). While no effect could be found for freedoms, the share of participants willing to be vaccinated increased with the payment amount. However, a significant change required large rewards of 3,250 EUR or more. While monetary incentives could increase vaccination uptake by a few percentage points, the high costs of implementation challenge the efficiency of the measure and call for alternatives. As experimental data suggest that considering vaccination as safe, necessary, and prosocial increases an individual’s likelihood of wanting to get vaccinated without payment, educational campaigns should emphasize these features when promoting vaccination against COVID-19.
Is there an effect of diglossia on cognition? An investigation of the relationship between diglossia and Executive Functions in young adults.
Authors: alrwaita najla , Meteyard Lotte , Houston-price Carmel , Pliatsikas Christos
Published: June 2021

Recent studies investigating whether bilingualism has effects on cognitive abilities beyond language have produced mixed results, with evidence from young adults typically showing no effects. These inconclusive patterns have been attributed to many uncontrolled factors, including linguistic similarity and the conversational contexts the bilinguals find themselves in, including the opportunities they get to switch between their languages. In this study, we focus on the effects on cognition of diglossia, a linguistic situation where two varieties of the same language are spoken in different and clearly separable contexts. We used linear mixed models to compare 32 Arabic diglossic young adults, and 38 English monolinguals on cognitive tasks assessing the Executive Functions domains of inhibition, switching and working memory. Results revealed that, despite both groups performing as expected on all tasks, there were no effects of diglossia on their performance in any of these domains. These results are discussed in relation to the Adaptive Control Hypothesis. Considering that this is the first study to investigate the diglossic advantages in Arabic, we propose that any effects on Executive Functions that may be attributed to the use of more than one language or language variety should not be expected when the two are used in exclusive contexts with limited opportunity to switch between them.
Perceptions of sleep in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and the acceptability of sleep interventions in routine care: A qualitative study
Authors: Scott Alexander J , Flowers Olivia , Sheldon Elena , Berntsson Hannah , Rowse Georgina
Published: June 2021

There have been increased calls to manage poor sleep in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) care. However, it’s unclear how people with IBD perceive their sleep to fit within their experience of IBD and whether interventions to improve sleep are acceptable. This qualitative study found that people with IBD perceive their sleep to be an integral part of living with IBD, would like more sleep support than is currently available, and find interventions for sleep broadly acceptable. It is important for future research to tailor sleep interventions towards those with IBD and explore the barriers to sleep support in routine care
«Sleeping reform»: practices for implementing a two-level local self-government system in the city districts
Authors: Vydrin Oleg
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the comparative analysis of pilot implementation of a two-level local self-government system in city districts. Amendments to the Federal Law “On the General Principles of the Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation” were presented in 2014, where new types of municipalities – “city district with intra-city division” and “inside-city district” – were introduced. This legislative change was based on the idea of spreading a two-level model in order to bring the deputies closer to voters in large city districts. More than 70 cities had the potential for this reform, but only 3 of them – Chelyabinsk, Samara, and Makhachkala – took advantage of the opportunity. The authors reconstruct the design of local electoral systems in Chelyabinsk, Samara and Makhachkala before and after the reform, and analyze the change in the rate of representation in the reformed city districts in comparison with city districts (which are not municipalities) that are divided into precincts, but have not switched to the two-level local self-government model. Also the basic trends of forming deputies’ bodies as a sub-elite group among political class of the cities are examined. The reform resulted in the expansion of the municipal deputies body. A database of candidates for deputies and deputies from 2009 to 2020 created by the authors gives an opportunity to analyze the ways the collective portrait of the municipal political sub-elite transformed during the reform. The focus of the study is the dilemma of maintaining or abandoning the twolevel system that the regional authorities faced in 2019–2020. The authors answer the question about the reasons for the lack of attempts to scale the results of the reform to other regions or large cities in those regions where the pilot reform options were implemented.
Popular Music and the Modernist Dystopia:Brave New WorldandNineteen Eighty-Four
Authors: MacDonald Alex
Published: June 2021

This essay explores musical references in Brave New World and Nineteen Eighty-Four, including music imagery and allusions to popular songs of the 1920s and 1940s. Huxley used the popular music of the Brave New World as an indicator of its emotional shallowness, represented by such immortal songs as “Hug Me Till You Drug Me, Honey.” Brave New World’s scorn for popular music, and for popular culture in general, situates Huxley’s famous dystopia as a high Modernist work. In Orwell’s case, implicit references to World War II hits such as “We’ll Meet Again” and “I’ll Be Seeing You” reflect ironically upon the relationship of Winston and Julia and their terrible situation at the end of the novel. His treatment of the musical thrush and the singing Prole laundrywoman plays a more hopeful note, and a positive attitude to popular songs and popular culture situates Nineteen Eighty-Four on the cusp of Post-Modernism. With respect to the critical discourse about hope and despair in these dystopian texts, the essay suggests that signs of hopefulness in Brave New World are very slight, although they do exist. The music of Nineteen Eighty-Four, and some other factors, lend support to the view that Orwell’s novel is not so despairing as it is sometimes made out to be.
Identity over Time inParadise Lost
Authors: Langer Ayelet
Published: June 2021

This essay proposes that in Paradise Lost Milton represents the conscious self as constructed over time, thereby anticipating the early eighteenth- century formulation of identity as a problem of diachronic identity. Milton represents this process of self-constitution by situating the mind’s act of unifying itself in the present moment, which he models on Aristotle’s definition of the now as both a connection and a boundary of time. Aristotle’s bivalency of the now serves in Paradise Lost to distinguish between the capacity of prelapsarian and postlapsarian individuals to constitute their self by organizing their experiences in time. As a connection of time, the Aristotelian now grounds Milton’s representation of the way in which the prelapsarian individual constitutes his or her own self. As a boundary of time, it marks the failure of the postlapsarian mind to achieve such constitution, which leads to a disintegration of the self. Thus, Aristotle’s distinction between the two contrasting aspects of the now becomes, in Milton’s representation of the self, the prism through which Milton forms a clear distinction between two fundamental structures of identity, fallen and unfallen.
Pengaruh E-Filing, Kualitas Pelayanan, Audit dan Pemeriksaan Perpajakan dan Biaya Kepatuhan Pajak Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak
Authors: Suyati Nena , Sugiharto Sugiharto
Published: June 2021

Abstract

 

To improve the quality of tax services, the government issued an e-filing policy. Also, tax audits and tax compliance fees are also strengthened in order that taxes as the main income of the state can be increased. In particular, at this time the issue of non-compliance with taxes through tax avoidance and even tax evasion is increasingly widespread. Therefore, this study aims to examine the level of tax compliance based on the above aspects. This study uses quantitative analysis. The sample was gathered on 100 taxpayers in the Bekasi Selatan KPP environment. The sample was chosen based on accidental sampling, and questionnaire was processed using multiple linear regression techniques in SPSS software. The regression results show that the implementation of e-filing, service quality, audit and tax audit, and tax compliance costs have a positive and significant effect on taxpayer compliance. In addition, several variables need attention, including the application of e-filing of the ITE law and audits and tax audits related to the ethics and professionalism of tax examiners.

 

Keywords: Multiple Linear Regression, KPP Pratama Bekasi Selatan, Taxpayer Compliance, SPSS, Accidental Sampling

 

Abstrak

 

Untuk meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan pajak, pemerintah mengeluarkan kebijakan e-Filing. Selain itu, audit dan pemeriksaan perpajakan dan biaya kepatuhan pajak juga diperkuat agar pajak sebagai pendapatan utama negara dapat ditingkatkan. Apalagi saat ini isu ketidakpatuhan terhadap pajak lewat penghindaran bahkan penggelapan pajak kian marak. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bermaksud meneliti tingkat kepatuhan pajak berdasarkan aspek-aspek di atas. Sampel dilakukan terhadap 100 orang wajib pajak di lingkungan KPP Pratama Bekasi Selatan. Dengan sampel yang dipilih berdasarkan accidental sampling, kuesionar diolah menggunakan teknik regresi linear berganda. Hasil regresi menunjukan penerapan e-filing, kualitas pelayanan, audit dan pemeriksan perpajakan, dan biaya kepatuhan pajak berpengaruh positif dan signifikan pada kepatuhan WP OP. Selain itu, beberapa variabel perlu mendapat perhatian antara lain penerapan e-filing undang-undang ITE dan audit dan pemeriksaan pajak terkait etika dan profesionalisme pemeriksa pajak.

 

Kata kunci: Regresi Linear Berganda, KPP Pratama Bekasi Selatan, Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak, SPSS, Accidental Sampling
HOW DOES MUSIC AFFECT THE PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF A MAN?
Authors: Popova A.
Published: June 2021

Purpose of the research: to study the influence of music on the psychological characteristics of a person Objectives:1. Find and study information on the stated topic in various sources2.Pick up diagnostic tools3. Do your research4. Analyze the results5. Draw conclusions about the impact of music on a person6. Develop guidelines for traineesResearch methods:1.Projective technique2. Questioning
Colonialization Impacts on the Inhabitants and Voices of Liberal Writers
Authors: Saeed Nadia , Shaikh Muhammad Ali , John Stephen
Published: June 2021

Colonialism is a policy in which a strong nation enters a weak territory and starts exploiting the inhabitants of that land for their economic interests. The colonizers dominate the colonized through violence to bring them into their subjection. Some liberal writers have written about colonialism and its impacts on the colonized slaves. Chinua Achebe has presented the realistic picture of Africa when it was colonized by the Britishers. His novel, "Things Fall Apart" presents the pre-colonial and colonial states of Africa that make it easy to understand how colonialization impacted the culture and lives of the natives. The paper justifies Franz Fanons point of view that the colonial world divides humans into the colonist and the colonized and this difference is created by colonists to assert their superiority
Why do Institutional Forces Matter more in Corporate Social Responsibility?
Authors: Hayat Maqsood , Khan Shehzad , Malik Muhammad Faizan
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we analyze the effect of the country's institutional forces on the level of corporate social responsibility disclosure (CSRD) within the companies listed on Pakistan's stock exchange. Numbers of theories (e.g., institutional theory, legitimacy theory) are used to understand the relationship among the formal institutional forces and the level of CSRD. The available assumptions for the regression model were fulfilled in addition to Hausman's test. It was found that the level of CSRD is sensitive to the intensity of various local institutional forces. Such types of institutional forces predict the limits how to understand, build, and maintain the relationship between business and society. The results of the study offer a comprehensive picture for policy-makers, practitioners, and common corporate beneficiaries to understand the "why" and "how" of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) phenomena in developing countries context, particularly in Pakistan.
Macroeconomic Determinants of Inclusive Growth in Pakistan: An ARDL Approach
Authors: Anand Vivek , Nizamani Muhammad Qasim , Nizamani Farheen Qasim
Published: June 2021

There is increasing concern that growth in most part of the world in not distributed equitably. This is particularly the situation in Pakistan, where the economic growth is uneven and biased toward the affluent. This study aims to present empirical analysis to characterize the association between inclusive growth and its macro-economic determinants in Pakistan. In this context, the study employs annual time-series data for 23 years (1994-2017). In order to obtain long-run and short-term results, both auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) and error correction model (ECM) was being implemented. The findings of the study reveal that infrastructure development and government consumption have a positive and significant impact on the long-term inclusive growth of Pakistan. In contrast, a negative relationship is being observed between inflation, health expenditure and inclusive growth. Based on the findings, the study suggests that policymakers should develop appropriate policies to promote healthy government expenditure, infrastructure development, control inflation, and bring transparency in the health sector for fostering inclusive growth in Pakistan.
Regional Politics in Economic Perspective: A Case Study of Shanghai Cooperation Organization
Authors: Ihsan Neelofar , Ullah Sana , Malik Hina
Published: June 2021

This modern world cannot be encountered alone; therefore, states are preferring to involve in regional blocs. This is the century of trade and commerce. This is the era of economic development. It is due to regionalism in politics that SCO formed in the last decade of the 20th century with the initial name of Shanghai five with the purpose of the economic integration of Central Asian Republics. CARs were facing serious economic depression, and ethnic diversity in these states made the situation worse. Islamic fundamentalism was also posing a challenge to the ruling authorities in this whole region. On the other hand, the US wants to access the energy recourses of Central Asia. Although SCO members have a common interest in the exploitation of energy resources, expansion and improvement of transportation, expansion of trade links will move further towards the formation of a common economic market.
Relationship between Conflict Management Styles and Job Performance at College Level
Authors: Hashmi Aroona , Altaf Fasiha , Kiyani Tanvir
Published: June 2021

Objective of the present study was to investigate relationship between conflict management styles and teachers' job performance at college level. Study was quantitative in nature and correlation research design was used to find out relationship between the variables. Population of the study was comprised of all the college teachers in district Lahore. Sample was selected on convenient basis, where 100 male and 100 female college teachers were selected as a sample. Two survey questionnaires were used in this study to collect data. One instrument was based on conflict management styles. Reliability of conflict management styles was .87 and job performance .77 respectively. Findings of the study concluded that there was significant strong positive correlation found between conflict management styles and teachers� job performance at college level. It was revealed that there was significant difference of male and female college teachers� perceptions found regarding conflict management styles and teachers� job performance.
Use of zero-profile device for contiguous three-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: comparison with cage and plate construct
Authors: Chen Zhipeng , Cen Shuizhong , Wu Jionglin , Guo Rui , Liu Zhenhua , Gao Liangbin
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to compare a traditional cervical cage with a zero-profile (ZP) fixation device in patients who underwent three-level anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) in terms of patient-reported outcomes (visual analog scale [VAS], Japanese Orthopaedic Association [JOA], and Neck Disability Index [NDI] scores), radiographic findings (sagittal alignment 2 years after surgery and likelihood of fusion), and complications.

METHODS

This study was a retrospective case series. Between January 2012 and December 2016, 58 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) who required three-level ACDF procedures, as identified by spinal surgeons, were treated with three-level ACDF and an anterior cage-plate construct (ACPC) (n = 38) or a three-level stand-alone ZP device (n = 20). On the basis of patient choice, patients were divided into two groups (ACPC group and ZP group). All patients completed a minimum of 2 years of follow-up. Patient-reported outcome scores included VAS, JOA, and NDI scores. The radiographic findings included sagittal alignment and likelihood of fusion 2 years after surgery. Data related to patient-reported outcomes and sagittal alignment were collected preoperatively, postoperatively, and at the final follow-up. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were also documented and analyzed.

RESULTS

The clinical outcomes, including VAS, JOA, and NDI scores, showed improvement in both groups, and no significant difference was observed between the two groups. Sagittal alignment and height of the fused segments were restored in all patients. However, the authors found no differences between the ZP and ACPC groups, and the groups exhibited similar fusion rates. The authors found no differences in complications, including dysphagia, adjacent-segment degeneration, and postoperative hematoma, between the groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Use of ZP implants yielded satisfactory long-term clinical and radiological outcomes that were similar to those of the standard ACPC. Additionally, the rates of complications between the groups were not significantly different. Although the best surgical option for multilevel CSM remains controversial, the results of this work suggest that ACDF with the ZP device is feasible, safe, and effective, even for multilevel CSM.
Achondroplasia Natural History Study (CLARITY): 60-year experience in cervicomedullary decompression in achondroplasia from four skeletal dysplasia centers
Authors: Legare Janet M. , Liu Chengxin , Pauli Richard M. , Alade Adekemi Yewande , Hashmi S. Shahrukh , Campbell Jeffrey W. , Smid Cory J. , Modaff Peggy , Little Mary Ellen , Rodriguez-Buritica David F. , Serna Maria Elena , Hecht Jaqueline T. , Hoover-Fong Julie E. , Bober Michael B.
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE

The authors sought to determine the overall incidence of cervicomedullary decompression (CMD) in patients with achondroplasia and the characteristics associated with those surgeries across multiple institutions with experience caring for individuals with skeletal dysplasias.

METHODS

Data from CLARITY (Achondroplasia Natural History Study) for 1374 patients with achondroplasia from four skeletal dysplasia centers (A. I. duPont Hospital for Children, Johns Hopkins University, University of Texas Health, and University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health) followed from 1957 to 2017 were recorded in a Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) database. Data collected and analyzed included surgeries, indications, complications, ages at time of procedures, screening procedures, and medical diagnoses.

RESULTS

There were 314 CMD procedures in 281 patients (20.5% of the entire cohort). The median age of first CMD was 1.3 years in males and 1.1 years in females. Over time, there was a decrease in the median age of patients at first CMD. All patients born before 1980 who underwent CMD had the procedure after 5 years of age, whereas 98% of patients born after 2010 underwent CMD before 5 years of age. In addition, a greater proportion of patients born in more recent decades had documented neuroimaging and polysomnography (PSG) prior to CMD. Ventriculoperitoneal shunts (VPSs) were placed more frequently in patients undergoing CMD (23%) than in the entire cohort (8%). Patients who required either CMD or VPS were 7 times more likely to require both surgeries than patients who required neither surgery (OR 7.0, 95% CI 4.66–10.53; p < 0.0001). Overall, 10.3% of patients who underwent CMD required a subsequent CMD.

CONCLUSIONS

The prevalence of CMD in this large achondroplasia cohort was 20%, with more recently treated patients undergoing first CMD at younger ages than earlier patients. The use of neuroimaging and PSG screening modalities increased over time, suggesting that increased and better surveillance contributed to earlier identification and intervention in patients with cervicomedullary stenosis and its complications.
Ventriculoperitoneal shunt failure in pediatric patients: an analysis of a national hospitalization database in Thailand
Authors: Limwattananon Phumtham , Kitkhuandee Amnat
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE

Shunt failure is common among patients undergoing ventriculoperitoneal shunting for treatment of hydrocephalus. The present study examined long-term shunt failure and associated risk factors in pediatric patients by using a national hospitalization database of Thailand.

METHODS

Patients 17 years or younger who had been admitted to 71 public hospitals in 2012–2017 for first-time ventriculoperitoneal shunting for diseases with known etiology and discharged alive were followed through 2019 to ascertain shunt failure. Shunt survivals were calculated using Kaplan-Meier estimates and time to failure was analyzed to identify risk factors for the first failure by using Cox proportional hazards regression. Differences in risks of subsequent failures with respect to place in the order of failures (i.e., first, second, third) were determined using a cumulative hazard function.

RESULTS

Over a median follow-up of 29.9 months, shunt failure occurred in 33.7% of 2072 patients (median age 8.8 months), with a higher proportion in patients < 1 year than in patients 1–17 years (37.8% vs 28.9%, p < 0.001), and ranged from 26.1% of those having posttraumatic hydrocephalus to 35.9% of those having infectious diseases. The shunt failure rates at 3, 6, and 12 months were 11.5%, 19.0%, and 25.2%, respectively. Patients < 1 year had a higher risk of the first failure than patients 1–17 years (hazard ratio 1.45, 95% CI 1.20–1.76). Among those with shunt failure, 35.8% had multiple failures and 52.9% failed within 180 days after the index shunting. The cumulative hazard of subsequent failure was consistently higher than that of an earlier failure regardless of age and etiology, and the cumulative hazard of the second failure in the patients with 180-day failure was higher than that in the patients in whom shunts failed beyond 180 days.

CONCLUSIONS

Shunt failure occurred more frequently in younger pediatric patients. Much attention should be placed on the initial shunt operation so as to mitigate the failure risk. Close follow-up was crucial once patients had developed the failure, because the risk of subsequent failure was more likely than an earlier one among those with multiple failures.