bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ELEMENTS OF ANALYSIS CYBERATTACKS AS WAR CRIMES. LEGAL AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS IN MODERN MILITARY CONFLICTS
Authors: Bogdan Decebal Manole
Published: January 2025

Cyber operations have emerged as significant elements of modern warfare, particularly in conflicts like those in Ukraine, where cyberattacks target essential infrastructure alongside physical military actions. This paper examines the potential for cyberattacks to be classified as war crimes under international law, analyzing criteria established by international legal frameworks such as the Rome Statute, Additional Protocol I, and the Tallinn Manual on International Law Applicable to Cyberwarfare. Through case studies and legal analysis, this paper outlines the challenges and implications of prosecuting cyber operations that harm civilians and critical infrastructure in conflict zones.
CRIMINAL LEGAL PROTECTION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
Authors: Covalciuc Ion
Published: January 2025

Just as we cannot conceive a future without knowledge of the past, we cannot appreciate the past without protecting cultural heritage. Legislative interventions, including criminal measures, aimed at protecting cultural heritage, are essential and welcome. In addition to the importance attributed by the legislature to cultural heritage, the legal and penal mechanism for its protection is more effective than other forms of state intervention. It is crucial for the response of authorities to be efficient, both in normative terms and in law enforcement. Otherwise, criminal charges risk becoming merely declarative and ineffective. This is the theme we have proposed to analyze in this endeavor, identifying both deficiencies and solutions for their remedy.
LEGAL EXEGESIS OF THE CUSTOMARY COURT OF APPEAL JURISDICTION UNDER THE CONSTITUTION OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA, 1999 AGAINST EMERGING TRENDS
Authors: Eyongndi David Tarh-Akong , Onoja James Ogwu , Opara Faith Nwayemogho
Published: January 2025

Section 282(1) of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999 (CFRN, 1999) vests appellate and supervisory jurisdiction on the Customary Court of Appeal (CCA) on civil matters involving questions of customary law. Section 282(2) of the CFRN, 1999 grant the State House of Assembly (SHA) the vires to prescribe additional jurisdiction on the CCA by prescribing questions it can determine. Pursuant to this, some SHA have conferred original jurisdiction on the CCA contrary to the intendment of section 282(1) of the CFRN, 1999. This article adopts desk-based method in interrogating the jurisdiction of the Customary Court of Appeal under the CFRN, 1999. It examines decisions of appellate courts with the aim of determining whether or not these decisions are a stultification of the jurisdiction of the CCA or adherent to constitutional prescription? It argues that the act of conferring original jurisdiction by some SHA on the CCA runs afoul of section 282(1) of the CFRN, 1999. It discusses challenges inherent with the purportedly conferred original civil jurisdiction of the CCA hinged on the composition requirement of the CCA under the CFRN, 1999 and appeals procedure. It recommends constitutional amendment as a way to addressing the quagmires.
INTEGRATING JUDICIAL PROTECTION FOR ENHANCED FEMALE WORKERS’ FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS IN THE NIGERIAN WORKPLACE ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Leigh Oluwaseyi Augustine
Published: January 2025

The current discourse on the conception of equality by diverse global social and political forces have impacted the current world focus on the necessity to offer legal protection to those considered vulnerable in the workplace. Matching side by side – almost to a hitherto unmatched degree in labour law, are the models of judicial backing and transnational labour standards established in many foreign jurisdictions. All over the world - Nigeria inclusive - female workers are considered as part of the vulnerable person in the society requiring greater protection, especially in the workplace. In Nigeria, this category of workers, on account of their multiple natural and societal responsibilities as wives/mothers, are often exposed to various human rights breaches, which inevitably gives rise to the need for legislative and judicial guarantees against derogation of rights and diverse forms of abuses in the workplace. This paper, adopts desk-based method in examining various forms of female employees’ rights that are often violated at the workplace, the precipitants of the violation and as well as assess the adequacy or otherwise of statutory protection provided. The paper primarily focuses on the adequacy of judicial efforts directed at the reduction in the violation of female employees’ rights in workplaces in Nigeria this is achieved through an evaluation of selected decisions of Nigerian courts particularly, the National Industrial Court of Nigeria (NICN) and the Court of Appeal (CA) on the matter. The study discovered that, surprisingly, some of female employees’ workplace fundamental rights violations are provided statutory fillip as well as cultural nourishments. Further, that Nigerian courts, particularly the NICN and the CA have frowned at such violation and have provided judicial solatium in the form of award of damages to identified victims, even though, oftentimes the damages awarded do not have deterrent effects on account of their paltry nature. The paper makes some vital recommendations which are both immediate and futuristic. The immediate recommendation is the award of punitive damages by the court to achieve deterrence while for the future, a review of obsolete law for an egalitarian and comprehensive protection should be considered.
CONSIDERATIONS ON THE LIMITATIONS IN ROMANIAN LEGISLATION REGARDING THE ALIENATION AND EXECUTION OF LAND CONTRACTS
Authors: Morozan Florina Florentina
Published: January 2025

The execution of agreements aimed at transferring ownership of real estate is hampered both by the behavior of the seller, who refuses to fulfill his obligations, and by legal regulations that make it difficult to transfer ownership of real estate by imposing important obligations on the seller. The legislation of the last ten years has made it much more difficult to carry out sales of land, especially outside the built-up areas of localities. A legal modification from 2020 implements a series of important legal changes related to the holders of pre-emption rights, but also concerning the specific ways of selling agricultural land located outside built-up areas, when the holder of pre-emption rights does not want to buy. Whenever the court is asked to give a decision which supersedes a selling contract, the petition is admissible only if the pre-contract is legally signed, in accordance with Civil code provisions, and all other legal requirements are fulfilled, meaning: obtaining all necessary authorizations, respecting pre-emption rights, respecting the fiscal and land registration requirements. Following the latest legislative changes imposed by Law No. 116 of 2024, failure to comply with these obligations is sanctioned, as the case may be, with absolute or relative nullity of the concluded contract. In finding solutions for the execution of these contracts, the High Court of Cassation and Justice of Romania has an important role, which has ruled through several decisions that are presented in this study.
SOME CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING PERPETRATORSHIP IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS IN ROMANIA
Authors: Negruț Gina
Published: January 2025

Starting from the consideration that the activity of preventing and combating anti-social acts actually represents an application of the legal norms that regulate the conduct of life in society, we note that it is appropriate that through the competent bodies of the state, those who have committing antisocial acts and subsequently applying some sanctions, because life in a society cannot take place without order and discipline, which are ensured by the will of the legislative bodies and with the support of judicial bodies with the assurance of all procedural guarantees in respect of individual rights and freedoms during a criminal trial.
LEGISLATIVE, DOCTRINAL AND PRACTICAL CHALLENGES REGARDING THE EXAMINATION OF THE BODY AT THE SCENE IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
Authors: Ostavciuc Dinu , Rusnac Constantin
Published: January 2025

This study addresses the legislative and practical challenges related to the on-site examination of cadavers under the legislation of the Republic of Moldova. It focuses on both criminalistic and procedural aspects, identifying deficiencies in the practice of investigative bodies and offering concrete recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of this procedural action. Additionally, it suggests legislative amendments to eliminate ambiguities and strengthen the normative framework. The article examines, from a tactical and procedural criminalistics perspective, the process of cadaver examination, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary approaches to ensure a comprehensive investigation at the discovery site. Drawing on judicial practices, it highlights legislative gaps, contradictions, and tactical errors that may negatively impact the conduct of such investigations. Furthermore, it includes observations on the extra-procedural transportation of the cadaver from the discovery site to forensic institutions, a topic deemed insufficiently regulated. The author underscores the importance of cadaver examination in the broader context of criminal investigations, noting that this process should not be confined to on-site inspections but should extend to other procedural stages. Accordingly, additional regulations are proposed to prevent subjective interpretations and support the work of investigative bodies. The study also provides tactical and methodological recommendations aimed at optimizing the investigative process as a whole.
THE CRIMINOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE PROFILE OF UNIDENTIFIED KILLER. THE DENIS RADER CASE
Authors: Pleșa Ioana-Andra , Gligor Raluca-Clarisa
Published: January 2025

Profiling is a technique for determining the personality and behavioral characteristics of an individual, taking into account his criminal past, personality types of offenders who commit similar offenses. The criminal is the subject of criminological research and can be defined as an individual who commits acts criminalized by criminal law or who has a deviant behavior that generates legal consequences. A murderer is a criminal who commits criminal acts that harm a supreme value, namely the life of the victim. The serial murderer is characterized by the killing of three or more persons within a time span of more than one month, with a lull between the criminal acts. It is eminently necessary for serial killers to be categorized and referred to as such that the murders take place at different times in separate events, which often have no explanation, the motive being the pleasure of the killer.
ROOTS AND DREAMS: THE CHILD'S RIGHT TO GROW UP IN HIS FAMILY
Authors: Rath Boșca Laura Dumitrana , Miraglia Francesco
Published: January 2025

Article 19 of the UN Convention provides for the protection of the child both in the home and outside the home. This is only possible by ensuring absolutely necessary protection systems, laws, regulations, policies and services in all social sectors, such as: education, health, justice and security, and social welfare, a set of services administered, for the most part, by the Government, designed in such a way as to ensure the protection of children and young minors with the aim of encouraging family stability.
LIMITATIONS OF THE WILL OF THE TESTATOR IN THE CASE OF RIGHTS HELD IN HISTORIC COMMUNITIES OF PROPERTY OWNERS IN ROMANIA
Authors: Tudor-Todoran Alexandra Cristina , Tudor-Todoran Bogdan Ioan
Published: January 2025

Since 2008, Romania's historical treasury also includes historical property owner communities, which regained legal status under art. 26-28 of Law no. 1/2000. These communities, such as freeholder communities, compossessorates and frontier forests each had different specific organizational and functional rules prior to the abusive takeover of their lands by the communist regime. Through the 1910 Forestry Code, a normative act that regulated until 1948 the functioning of these associative forms, "local practices" were validated, and rules that diverged from the civil code and procedure were established. Even today, general rules governing the freedom of will of the owner of property are not entirely applicable to jointly managed properties by these communities. Thus, with the exception of some transactions between people who are already members of the associative form, legal inheritance is the only way by which co-ownership rights can be acquired within these special legal entities. The possible testamentary transmission of these rights is also limited to the circle of legal heirs.
EXPLORING PERCEPTIONS OF CORRUPTION: REGIONAL DISPARITIES IN ALBANIA’S RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Gjeloshi Aljula , Boshnjaku Anila
Published: January 2025

This study explores the perception and impact of corruption on rural development in Albania. Focusing on regional disparities and the role of media, it examines how corruption undermines economic growth, access to public services, and trust in governance. Using survey data from farmers and rural residents, the study identifies significant regional differences in corruption's effects, highlighting the critical need for tailored anti-corruption policies and enhanced transparency. The findings emphasize the importance of empowering rural communities and leveraging media to combat misinformation and foster development. This research contributes to understanding the perception of corruption's multidimensional impact on rural development and offers actionable insights for policymakers and stakeholders.
SOME ASPECTS REGARDING THE CONTESTATION REGARDING THE DURATION OF THE CRIMINAL TRIAL IN ROMANIA
Authors: Negruț Gina
Published: January 2025

The need to ensure procedural guarantees regarding the respect of individual rights and freedoms during a criminal trial brings together the will of the legislator to regulate through criminal procedural provisions the smooth conduct of the criminal trial with the practical possibility of solving criminal cases by the judicial bodies, respecting the attributions conferred by law according to their competence. This objective could only be fulfilled by regulating new principles that would ensure the conduct of the criminal process by separating judicial functions, by speeding up procedures and resolving criminal cases brought to trial within a reasonable time, respecting the right to freedom and safety, based on the evidence administered in good faith, excluding evidence obtained illegally.
DIMENSIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ETHICS FROM AN INTERNATIONAL AND EU PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Puran Andra Nicoleta
Published: January 2025

Today, we live in a time when humanity is marked by an extremely complex political and economic context, by chaos, crises, but also by a fulminant development of science and, above all, of artificial intelligence (AI). In the period of the "fourth industrial revolution" (or "(r)evolution AI"), we must be aware that, in addition to the multitude of advantages it brings to humanity, it also generates multiple ethical problems, given the lack of a clear legal framework at Union and international level. In the face of these challenges, fortunately, the reactions did not take long to appear at the international level, at the European level and of the EU institutions. This study proposes a brief reflection on the issue of ethical principles that have been taking shape in recent years at the European and international level in the field of AI, based on the fundamental idea of promoting a human-centered AI that serves the common good, that respects fundamental rights and general ethical values.
DEEP FAKE VULNERABILITIES IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION DURING THE ELECTIONS PERIOD
Authors: Vancu Mircea Alexandru
Published: January 2025

The speed of technology development, digitization, has marked a radical transformation of our society, managing to significantly influence the way we communicate, inform ourselves or interact. The technological advance in the field of artificial intelligence has created the conditions for the emergence of a new form of manipulation that is still widespread in the online environment: deepfakes. Deepfakes become a problem when fake content can be created to harm a private person's reputation or life. In situations regarding future elections and candidate selection, a malicious deepfake message to put the adversary in a position of incompatibility for election to public office or to manipulate public opinion regarding the possibility of certain candidates being "suitable" for a certain function, knowing this type of tool can mean the difference between winning or not.
THE NOTION OF ATTEMPT IN THE ROMANIAN CRIMINAL LAW
Authors: Boloș Carla Giulia
Published: January 2025

The proposed project explores and analyzes the concept of ”attempt” with inthe general criminal law, with the objective of developing a comprehensive understanding ofthis phenomenon. In a complex legal context, the research paper focuses on the legislati ve,jurisprudential and ethical aspects associated with criminal attempts. In the introduction, thetopic choosing is justified and the purpose and objectives of the project are established.Throughout the research paper , the constitutive elements of the a ttempts are highlighted,including the differences with respect to the consummated crimes, as well as the causes andreasons influencing their appearance. The l egal procedures, ethical and legal aspects areexamined, including the debates on the culpabilit y and punishment in the case of attempts. Acomparative jurisdictional section provides an insight into the diversity of the legal practicesin dealing with criminal attempts.
An Overview of the Mechanism of Resistance against Sheath Blight in Rice Plant and its Management Strategies
Authors: Sahasrantika Ghosh , Satya VK , Amal Ghosh , Bishnumaya Bashyal , Gopalakrishnan C , Jeyaprakash P , Varanavasiyappan S
Published: January 2025

The burgeoning global population needs more rice production ensuring future food and nutritional security. However, successful rice production often stagnates in the event of aberrant climatic phenomena. This challenge is exacerbated by sheath blight disease in rice, one of the most harmful diseases that leads to significant crop losses and has a wide host range, high genetic variability, and a lack of natural resistance in existing rice germplasm. As a consequence, addressing this issue emerges as one of the most crucial concerns for a sustainable global food basket. An effort has been initiated here briefly, though meticulously analyzing and highlighting sheath blight symptoms, pathogen characteristics, disease cycle, resistance mechanisms, QTL mapping, GWAS, and various management strategies, including cultural, biological, chemical, and biotechnological approaches.
Diversity and Temporal Dynamics of Insect Communities in Tunisian Tomato Field Crops: A Case Study in Sidi Bouzid
Authors: Rasmi Soltani , Eya Chalbaoui
Published: January 2025

Insect populations play a vital role in agricultural ecosystems, affecting crop productivity and overall ecosystem health. This study was conducted in three locations, El-Mzara 1, El-Mzara 2, and Zaafriya, in Sidi Bouzid governorate, Tunisia, and aimed to assess the diversity and abundance of insects associated with tomato crops using water traps from late March to early June 2021. The captured insects were collected and identified employing the RBA method. A total of 603 insects were captured. This biodiversity belonging to nine orders encompasses a total of 108 morpho-species distributed into 46 families. Results revealed that Coleoptera and Hymenoptera were the most abundant orders, while Hymenoptera exhibited the highest diversity with 34 morpho-species. The Shannon and Simpson indices indicated high diversity and even distribution of insect species in Mzara 1. The Margalef index suggested a relatively high level of species richness in this site. The temporal analysis of insect biodiversity showed variations in the abundance of different orders throughout the tomato cropping season. Hymenoptera species peaked during the flower stages, coinciding with their role as pollinators. Hemiptera species were most abundant during the fruit set and growth stages, which correspond to their harmful impact on tomato leaves and fruits. Lepidoptera species showed increased abundance during fruit set and growth stages as well. These first findings contribute to our understanding of the insect community structure within tomato crops. The data obtained serve as a valuable baseline for further research by identifying and monitoring the key insect species and their auxiliaries.
GHRU (Genomic Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance) Retrospective 1 Bioinformatics Methods v4
Authors: Underwood Anthony
Published: January 2025

A description of the pipelines used for analysing genome data from the retrospective 1 project of the NIHR Global Health Research Unit (Genomic Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance) All genome sequence data were processed using versioned Nextflow [1] workflows and associated Docker [2] containers covering the foundational analyses of de novo assembly,mapping-based SNP phylogeny, MLST assignation and AMR determinant detection (table 1). The exact steps performed can be derived from examination of the pipeline code but each workflow will be described in brief.
Dijital Finansal Okuryazarlığın Yatırım Tercihlerine Etkisi
Authors: Saydar Özlem
Published: January 2025

Son yıllarda hemen her alanda kullanılmaya başlayan dijitalleşme, finansal ürün ve hizmetlerin de zamanla değişim ve dönüşüme uğramasına neden olmuştur. Dijital finansal okuryazarlık kavramı finansal işlemler için finansal teknolojiye dayalı ürün ve hizmetleri kullanan kişilerin risk algısını ve yatırım kararlarını etkileyebilecek potansiyele sahiptir. Çalışmanın hazırlanma gerekçesi finansal teknolojinin Türkiye’deki yatırımcılar arasında bilinirliğini araştırarak dijital finansal okuryazarlığın yatırım kararlarına etkisini incelemektir. Çalışmaya finansal kararlarda dijital dünyanın ne derece etkili olduğunu araştırmak ve Türkiye piyasasında faaliyet gösteren yatırımcıların dijital okuryazarlık seviyelerini görmek amacıyla ihtiyaç duyulmuştur. Yatırımcıların finansal işlemlerde teknoloji kullanımı konusundaki farkındalıkları ölçülmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu kapsamda finans piyasalarında aktif yatırımı bulunan 307 kişiden anket yöntemiyle elde edilen bilgiler derlenerek regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırma için tümü internet erişimi yoluyla olmak üzere 500 bireysel yatırımcıya anket formu gönderilmiş, bunlardan 307 geçerli anket analize dahil edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre yatırımcıların dijital finansal okuryazarlıkları geliştikçe finansal teknolojiye dayalı yatırım ürünlerini tercih etme eğilimlerinin artacağı ortaya konulmuştur.
Çin’in Pandemi Öncesi/Sonrası Dönemde Türkiye ile Olan Endüstri İçi Ticaretinin Seyri
Authors: Kuçlu Nurevşan , Yenilmez Fusun
Published: January 2025

2019 yılının aralık ayında Çin’in Wuhan eyaletinde başlayan ve tüm dünyaya hızla yayılan koronavirüs, küresel pazarda çok yönlü durgunluklara neden oldu. Karantina döneminde tüketim, üretim, yatırım ve perakende satışlardaki küresel yavaşlama eğilimi, ülkeler arasındaki dış ticareti ve endüstri içi-ticareti büyük ölçüde etkilemiştir. Devam eden salgının ne kadar süreceği belli olmadığı için Covıd-19 salgınının etkilerinin ne zaman biteceği ve ne gibi yeni değişiklikler getireceği belirsizliğini korumaktadır. Belirsizliğin sürmesi, tüketici uygulamalarını ve tüketici davranışlarını da etkilemiştir. Çalışmanın temel amacı, Çin ve Türkiye’nin Covid-19 Pandemi öncesi-sonrası endüstri-içi ticaret faaliyetlerinin nasıl ve ne yönlü değiştiğini araştırmaktır. Bu bağlamda, Çin ve Türkiye’nin EİT seviyeleri ve ürün bazlı EİT değerleri, 2015-2021 yılları boyunca Grubel-Lloyd endeksi kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Grubel-Lloyd Endeksi (ağırlıklandırılmış ortalama) ile yapılan ölçümler sonucunda, Çin/Türkiye arasındaki EİT düzeyinin özellikle ürün bazında birçok ürün grubunda gerçekleştiği tespit edilmiştir. Çin ve Türkiye arasında gerçekleşen endüstri-içi ticaretin, tekstil-hazır giyim ve motor-motorlu araç ara malları üzerinde yoğunlaştığı gözlenmiştir.
Petrol Fiyatlarının Türkiye’de Tüketici Fiyatları Enflasyonuna Asimetrik Geçişkenliği
Authors: Benli Muhammed , Cengiz Mehmet
Published: January 2025

Bu çalışmada, petrol fiyatlarının enflasyon üzerindeki olası simetrik ve asimetrik etkileri, 2002:01 – 2020:03 dönemini kapsayan aylık zaman serisi verileri kullanılarak Türkiye örneğinde doğrusal ARDL ve doğrusal olmayan ARDL (NARDL) modelleri kapsamında analiz edilmeye çalışılmaktadır. Elde edilen bulgular, her iki model özelinde de değişkenler arasında uzun dönemli bir ilişkinin varlığını doğrulamaktadır. Doğrusal ARDL modeli sonuçları, petrol fiyatları ve döviz kurunun uzun dönemde enflasyon üzerinde pozitif bir etkisinin olduğunu ortaya koyarken; NARDL modeli kapsamında elde edilen bulgular, pozitif petrol fiyatı şoklarının enflasyon üzerindeki etkisinin petrol fiyatlarındaki düşüşlere kıyasla daha güçlü olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu etki, uzun dönemde istatistiksel olarak anlamlıdır. Döviz kurunun enflasyon üzerindeki etkisine ilişkin ulaşılan sonuçlar ise döviz kurundan enflasyona tam bir geçişkenliğin olmadığını göstermekle birlikte uzun dönem asimetri testi sonuçları bu bulguyu doğrulamamaktadır.
İstediğini Öde Kriz Dönemlerinde Alternatif Fiyatlandırma Stratejisi Olabilir mi?
Authors: Dalgıç Timuçin , Şaan Tayfun , Tiltay Muhammet Ali
Published: January 2025

Bu çalışmada pandemi bağlamında kriz dönemlerinde yenilikçi bir fiyatlandırma stratejisi olan “istediğini öde (pay-what-you-want)” stratejisinin uygulanabilirliği tartışılmaktadır. Tüketici eğilimleri dikkate alındığında kriz dönemlerinde tüketicilerin ekonomik açıdan her durumda rasyonel davranmadıkları görülmektedir. İstediğini öde stratejisi tüketicinin sosyal etkileşimlere tabi olduğunu ve her koşulda kârını maksimize etmeyeceğini varsayarak hiçbir şey ödememe seçeneği dahil olmak üzere fiyat kontrolünü tüketiciye devretmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra kriz dönemlerinde, yenilikçi stratejiler uygulamak, farklı deneyimler yaratmak ve uzun vadeli düşünebilmenin ön plana çıkması istediğini öde stratejisinin uygulanabilirliğini desteklemektedir. Buna göre istediğini öde stratejisinin nasıl ve hangi koşullarda uygulanabileceği, pandemi bağlamında kriz dönemlerinde oluşan tüketici eğilimleri dikkate alınarak stratejinin temel teorik dayanakları çerçevesinde tartışılmıştır. Tartışma sonucunda istediğini öde stratejisinin mevcut koşullara ve uygulama şekillerine göre ekonomik kriz dönemlerinde uygulanabileceği ve şirketin hem kısa vadeli performansına etki edebileceği hem de uzun vadede marka bileşenlerini güçlendirme gibi avantajlar sağlayabileceği ortaya konulmuştur.
STABILITY ANALYSIS ON REINER-PHILLIPPOFF HYBRID NANOFLUID FLOW OVER A WEDGE
Authors: Waini Iskandar , Hamzah Khairum Bin , Khashi’ie Najiyah Safwa , Zainal Nurul Amira , Kasim Abdul Rahman Mohd , Ishak Anuar , Pop Ioan
Published: January 2025

This paper reports on the fluid flow characteristics as well as the heat transfer attribute of a Reiner-Philippoff (RP) fluid past a permeable shrinking wedge with a particular focus on the incorporation of the AA7075-AA7072/methanol hybrid nanofluid. Through the application of suitable transformations, the original model in partial differential equations (PDEs) is converted into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) of a specific form. The ODEs are then solved using the bvp4c solver in MATLAB software. The findings showed that when the magnitude of the magnetic parameter is increased, skin friction and heat transfer rate both are increased. Moreover, the inclusion of hybrid nanoparticles has a positive impact on the system, leading to a 6.16% increment in magnitude of skin friction while boosted about 24% improvement in thermal performance. The confirmation of dual solutions leads to a study of stability analysis to examine the reliability of the first solution. It is important to note that the current findings are novel and original for the study of RP hybrid nanofluid past a permeable shrinking wedge.
BEYOND GENRES: EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GAMER TYPES AND THE FIVE-FACTOR MODEL OF PERSONALITY
Authors: Ulutas Ayşe , Sezgin Sezan
Published: January 2025

This study explored connections between gamer personalities and motivations by examining relationships between personality traits and player types. A sample of 459 Turkish pre-service teachers completed the Gamification User Types Hexad Scale and the Five Factor Model of Personality questionnaire. Results showed Player, Disruptor, and Socializer types were the most common when considering both single and combined player profiles, indicating strong drives for rewards, boundary-testing, and social connections. Openness emerged as the most prevalent personality trait, reflecting curiosity and creativity among participants. Correlation analyses revealed notable alignments between traits and types, including positive relationships between Openness and Philanthropist/Achiever types; Extraversion and Philanthropist/Achiever types; and Conscientiousness and Achievers. These point to imagination, sociability, and achievement orientation underlying some gaming motivations. Conversely, the negative correlation between Conscientiousness and Free Spirits matches this type’s carefree quality. While these relationships confirm connected traits and motivations, more research on causality and application is needed. This study sets the groundwork for personalized gamification approaches and underscores complex interplays between personality differences and player tendencies requiring further examination, particularly regarding impacts on motivation.
THE INTENTION OF GENERATION Z TO USE MOBILE LEARNING: THE ROLE OF SELF-EFFICACY AND ENJOYMENT
Authors: Fitriati Azmi , Anggoro Subuh , Talib Corrienna Abdul , Toh Tin Lam
Published: January 2025

The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is a concise and efficient predictive model used to explain the acceptance of m-learning technology. However, several studies have shown that TAM cannot fully explain the acceptance of m-learning among Generation Z. This study aims to formulate TAM as a model of m-learning acceptance for Generation Z. TAM developed based on self-efficacy and enjoyment is expected to explain the behavior of Generation Z in accepting m-learning. This study uses a survey approach, utilizing PLS-SEM as an analysis tool and primary data collected through questionnaires. Participants in this study were 563 students who used m-learning (on class application) at the Muhammadiyah University of Purwokerto, Indonesia. The results contribute to the formulation of a successful m-learning implementation model for Generation Z. These results provide empirical support indicating that selfefficacy and perceived enjoyment cause them to use m-learning now and in the future. Generation Z, who grew up in the digital era, has a high level of proficiency in using technology. Self-efficacy increases user optimism. They are confident in their ability to complete tasks and solve problems when using m-learning. Enjoyment can increase the belief that m-learning is user-friendly and useful. The results of this study support the theory of self-efficacy which states that user beliefs serve as the best predictors of their behavior in using technology in mobile learning.
E7 ÜLKELERİNDE TEKNOLOJİK YENİLİKLER VE KARBON YOĞUNLUĞU İLİŞKİSİ
Authors: YÖYEN Hasan Tahsin
Published: January 2025

Bu çalışma Endonezya haricindeki E7 ülkelerinde teknolojik yeniliklerin karbon yoğunluğu üzerindeki etkisini incelemektedir. Analiz 1992-2021 dönemine ait yıllık verilerle Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel nedensellik testi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Literatürde teknolojik yeniliklerdeki gelişmelerin doğrudan veya dolaylı olarak karbondioksit emisyonu üzerinde etkili olduğu görülmektedir. Bu etki çoğu zaman negatif bir etki iken, bazı çalışmalarda teknolojik yeniliklerin karbondioksit emisyonunu arttırdığı sonuçlarına erişilmiştir. Bu araştırmada elde edilen analiz bulguları ise iki değişken arasında nedensel ilişki olmadığı yönündedir. E7 ülkelerinde teknolojik yeniliklerde yaşanan gelişmelerin karbon yoğunluğu üzerinde etkin bir rolü yoktur. Çalışmanın bulguları bu ülkelerdeki teknolojik yeniliklerin henüz karbon yoğunluğunu azaltacak bir etkiye sahip olmadığını göstermektedir. Bu bağlamda politika yapıcıların karbon salınımını azaltacak teknolojilere öncelik vermesi gerektiği vurgulanmaktadır.
Significance of BRICS Financial Institutions at the Stage of an Alternative Monetary System Formation
Authors: Perepelitsa M. A.
Published: January 2025

The paper is devoted to the study of problems associated with the formation of new financial institutions of BRICS. Based on the results of the study, a number of conclusions were made. First, the emergence of the BRICS New Development Bank will allow participating countries to finance and lend to their programs and entire sectors of the economy on a transparent and equal financial basis avoiding the discriminatory and biased approach used in the current international monetary system based on the US dollar. Second, this institute will contribute to solving a complex issue of the form of settlements within the BRICS between its member states. Along with this, the study justifies the need for settlements in national currency, which is objectively due to existing, as well as developing trade relations, the structure of export-import operations and an increase in investment activity of the BRICS member states. The author justifies the idea of creating a future BRICS’ R5 currency, uniting regional currencies on a platform that allows connecting the largest emerging markets of these countries. In the future, this will expand the scope of R5 circulation, nominate loans (bonds) in R5, accumulate it in the reserves of the BRICS countries, etc. The BRICS financial institutions that have already been establishe and are still being created, taking into account positive and negative experience, increase confidence in this association in the world; indicate significant potential, making it attractive to other jurisdictions; make it possible to increase its influence on the creation of an alternative monetary world financial system.
False Information in Criminal Law: Categories of Deliberate Falsity and Unreliability
Authors: Alekseeva T. S.
Published: January 2025

The paper examines the subjective side of disseminating information that does not correspond to reality. For those provisions of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation that indicate only one of two characteristics—falsity or unreliability—their content should be distinguished. The sign of deliberate falsity indicates precise knowledge that the information is false; the sign of deliberate unreliability reflects the assumption of correspondence or discrepancy with reality. Insufficient verification or selective examination of sources can only be attributed to unreliability. Deliberate falsity cannot be established solely on the basis that information does not correspond to certain sources, even if the sources are official. The establishment of the characteristics of disseminated information must take place in two stages: an assessment of the objective correspondence or discrepancy with reality, followed by an assessment of the subjective perception of the distributor. The basis for the conclusions for the articles of the criminal law on «fake» news is in the doctrine of defamation, for which the concept of deliberate falsity is central. At the same time, when establishing the intent to disseminate false information, one should not use the category of honest error: it contradicts the stable requirement of direct intent for defamation and is not actually supported by practice, even if the court mentions such wording in the decision. In general, administrative and civil liability mechanisms are preferable for the dissemination of false information; in the sphere of criminal law, only knowingly false dissemination should be criminalized, since the limits of accepting truth or falsity may vary, and a variety of sources and discussion are necessary for social development.
Serum Cholinesterase Activity in Elderly Female Patients with Different Screening Cognitive Status and Frailty Assessment Scores
Authors: Kodincev Anton N. , Volkova Larisa I.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. Frailty and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are common geriatric syndromes. Peripheral serum cholinesterase (pChE) is a laboratory indicator that may reflect dysfunction of cholinergic processes in the central nervous system. Published data demonstrate the potential utility of pChE as a marker for a range of neurodegenerative disorders.
Aim. This study aimed to identify and investigate the relationship between serum pChE levels in patients and various screening scores of cognitive status, frailty, and metabolic parameters.
Materials and methods. The study included 50 women aged over 60 years. Screening clinical examinations were conducted, including Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), Age Is Not a Hindrance questionnaire, and Charlson Comorbidity Index. A blood chemistry analysis was performed, including a kinetic colorimetric assay of serum pChE.
Results. The Age Is Not a Hindrance score and pChE activity exhibited a moderate inverse correlation with a Spearman coefficient (rS) of –0.31; 95% confidence interval (CI) –0.5 to –0.03; p 0.05. The MoCA scores and pChE levels also showed a moderate inverse correlation with rS of –0.32; 95% CI: –0.55 to –0.05, p 0.05. A high risk of MCI is defined by a pChE activity threshold point of 9978 U/L, with a sensitivity of 47% and a specificity of 97%. The association between pChE activity and the prevalence of cognitive impairment remained significant even when different socio-demographic and metabolic parameters were included in the regression model, odds ratio (OR) 1.0005; 95% CI: 1.0001–1.009; p = 0.01).
Conclusion. Women over 60 years of age in an outpatient setting exhibited an inverse correlation between the Age Is Not a Hindrance questionnaire score and the pChE activity. A pChE activity of 9978 U/L or higher was associated with an elevated risk of concomitant mild cognitive impairment. However, it is important to consider the high probability of false negatives in this context. This association persisted across a variety of clinical and metabolic factors.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Myasthenia Gravis: Comorbidities and Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Pervushina Ekaterina V. , Kutlubaev Mansur A. , Magzhanov Rim V. , Brazhnikov Maksim V. , Farrakhova Svetlana M.
Published: January 2025

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and myasthenia gravis (MG) are both characterized by primarily motor deficit, and their differential diagnosis may be sometimes challenging. We present a case report of a patient with late-onset ALS, which was initially misdiagnosed for anti-acetylcholine (anti-AChR) antibody-positive MG. In some cases, ALS has been thought to be triggered by MG. In the presented case report, elevated anti-AChR antibody titers (positive anti-AchR Ab) had no clinical significance and possibly indicated an immune response to structural changes in the postsynaptic membrane of the neuromuscular synapse in the ALS patient.
Sensitivity and Specificity of the Diagnostic Method for Detecting α-Synuclein as a Histological Marker for Parkinson's Disease in Salivary Gland Tissues: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Khacheva Kristina K. , Illarioshkin Sergey N. , Karabanov Alexey V.
Published: January 2025

Immunohistochemistry of α-synuclein (α-syn), a marker for Parkinson's disease, in salivary gland (SG) biopsy specimens has been actively studied as a method of verification and early diagnosis. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to analyze characteristics of study designs and evaluate pooled sensitivity and specificity.
The review included publications that were found by keyword search and met inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis of comparative studies was conducted using a univariate random-effects model to calculate pooled specificity and sensitivity.
The systematic review and meta-analysis included 16 and 13 clinical studies, respectively. Antibodies against modified α-syn, double detection, and incisional biopsy specimens of SGs were the most common approaches used in the studies. There is a need for clinical studies with quantitative data analysis. Approximately 15% of patients experienced adverse events, which were more common in case of fine-needle aspiration biopsy specimens of SGs. Pooled sensitivity and specificity (regardless of the anti-α-syn antibody type and SG size) were 76.6% and 98.0%, respectively. Sensitivity (76.3%) and specificity (99.3%) were higher when antibodies against phosphorylated α-syn and major SGs were used.
The most promising variant of the method involved double detection using antibodies against modified α-syn and markers of nerve fibers in incisional biopsy specimens of major SGs and quantitative data analysis. The meta-analysis revealed a possibility of developing this diagnostic method and implementing it into routine practice owing to its high sensitivity and specificity. Further studies employing quantitative data analysis are required to gain deeper insight into the method's role in verifying Parkinson's disease and informing the severity of neurodegeneration and disease prognosis.
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: Experimental Data for Evaluating Changes in Nervous Tissue
Authors: Krasilnikova Anna P. , Egorova Anna V. , Voronkov Dmitry N. , Poydasheva Alexandra G. , Glinkina Valeria V. , Sukhorukov Vladimir S.
Published: January 2025

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive method for targeted modulation of the electrical activity of brain neurons with a magnetic field. Although TMS efficacy was demonstrated in the treatment of several neurological and mental disorders, changes in nervous tissue at the cellular and molecular levels with different duration and intensity of stimulation have been relatively understudied by cellular neurobiology methods. Aim. The aim of this review was to evaluate and summarize new experimental data on the fundamental mechanisms underlying the action of TMS and its potential in modulating structural and functional changes in nervous tissue. This article summarizes recent data on the effects of different TMS protocols on the mechanisms underlying synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, and neuronal differentiation. Separate sections summarize the neuroprotective effects of this method and glial microenvironment response. Studies to investigate the mechanisms of TMS will contribute to the development of more effective and reliable treatment protocols.
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Improvement of Neurotransplantation Outcomes in Rats with 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Parkinsonism
Authors: Stavrovskaya Alla V. , Voronkov Dmitry N. , Potapov Ivan A. , Titov Daniil S. , Olshansky Artem S. , Pavlova Anastasiia K. , Lebedeva Olga S. , Illarioshkin Sergey N.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. With the number of patients with Parkinson's disease steadily growing, the need for novel treatment approaches is increasing. Combining transplantation of neuronal progenitors derived from induced pluripotent stem cells and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is among the promising methods.
Aim: to examine the effect of tDCS on the cell graft condition and motor symptoms of Parkinson's syndrome in rats.
Materials and methods. Parkinson's syndrome was modeled in Wistar rats by the unilateral intranigral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA; 12 μg in 3 μL) The model rats underwent neurotransplantation (3 × 105 cells in 10 μL) into the caudate nuclei on the affected side. The animals underwent tDCS for 14 days. Behavioral changes were analyzed by open field and beam-walking tests. Development and morphological characteristics of the graft were assessed by the morphochemical study.
Results. Neurotransplantation had no significant effect on the behavior of rats with parkinsonism; however, combined with tDCS, it increased motor activity during the open field tests compared with the group of model rats (р = 0.0014) and mitigated their anxiety-related behaviors (р = 0.048) in tests at 3 weeks after the transplantation. These effects were not observed in tests at 3 months. The morphochemical study revealed larger graft sizes in the animals that underwent tDCS compared with the controls and cell shift to the marginal zone of the graft. Stimulation was also shown to induce division of a part of cells at early stages of differentiation and promote active synaptogenesis.
Conclusion. Combining neurotransplantation and tDCS in the 6-OHDA-induced model of parkinsonism demonstrated its potential to manage both motor and non-motor symptoms. Optimizing protocols of transplantation and tDCS and evaluating their long-term efficacy and safety are required to successfully implement this method into clinical practice.
Characteristics of Patients with Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloid Polyneuropathy and Chronic Idiopathic Axonal Polyneuropathy in Russia: PRIMER Study Results
Authors: Suponeva Natalya A. , Zinovieva Olga E. , Stuchevskaya Fatima R. , Sakovets Tatyana G. , Grishina Darya A. , Kazieva Maria S. , Safiulina Elvira I. , Soloviev Anton P. , Zorina Evgenia A.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis with polyneuropathy (hATTR-PN) is a severe progressive hereditary disease. Even with the availability of genetic testing for transthyretin (TTR) gene variants, timely hATTR-PN diagnosis remains challenging due to a great variability in its clinical presentation. Patients with hATTR-PN are often misdiagnosed with chronic idiopathic axonal polyneuropathy (CIAP).
The objective of our study is to describe the baseline electrophysiological, clinical, and demographic characteristics of hATTR-PN and CIAP patients and to establish patients' pre-selection criteria for genetic testing.
Materials and methods. Retrospective analysis was performed in 42 hATTR-PN patients and 58 CIAP patients (according to diagnosis defined in medical records from 1 January 2017 to 1 March 2024). Demographic, clinical, and electrophysiological data were collected at diagnosis. To identify factors influencing the likelihood of the hATTR-PN presence, a logistic regression model including clinically relevant variables was developed.
Results. The mean age of hATTR-PN and CIAP patients was 57.7 and 60.9 years, respectively. As compared with CIAP patients, those with hATTR-PN more frequently exhibited gait disturbances (64.3% vs 37.9%), autonomic (47.6% vs 12.1%), cardiac (35.7% vs 10.3%) and gastrointestinal symptoms (64.3% vs 12.1%), unintentional weight loss (45.2% vs 12.1%), and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (26.2% vs 6.9%). Peripheral nerve conduction scores were also lower in the hATTR-PN group. In predicting hATTR-PN, the logistic regression model had a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 97%.
Conclusion. Demographic, clinical, and electrophysiological characteristics of patients with hATTR-PN and CIAP were described. Based on the screening data, it is feasible to predict hATTR-PN in CIAP patients with relatively high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity.