bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kemik Kırığının/Çıkığının Kişinin Hayat Fonksiyonlarına Etkisinin Adli Tıbbi Değerlendirmesi Hakkında
Authors: Çelik Cemil , Ata Uğur
Published: March 2022

Article 87/3 of the Turkish Penal Code (TPC) indicates that if a deliberate injury causes bone fracture/dislocation in the body, it leads to penalty increase regarding its effects on the victim’s life functions. This study intends to discuss the concept of “the effects of bone fracture/dislocation on a person’s life functions”, considering both the legal and medical dimensions, and it provides solutions to the potential problems by addressing this issue regarding the Supreme Court’s decisions.The effects of bone fracture/dislocation in the legal literature focus on to what extent the fracture influences the victim’s daily life, whether the victim maintains his/her everyday life, whether he/she is able to do his/her job. The effects are determined in reference to “The Guideline of Evaluating Bodily Injury Offences in the TPC from Forensics Perspective”. However, in the guide, the effects of bone fracture/dislocation on life functions reflects the severity of fracture / dislocation and trauma. Although the guideline facilitates the standardization in this issue, it has noticeable limitations in legal principle of equality. There emerges a need for scale to provide objective and scientific data about the effects of fracture/dislocation. This research presents several validated and reliable scales to be used in Forensics and offers a method of calculating more than one fracture.
Kimyasal, Biyolojik, Radyolojik ve Nükleer (KBRN) Risk Algıları Bağlamında Kolluk İmkân ve Kabiliyetlerinin Değerlendirilmesi: Türkiye ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Kapsamında Bir Araştırma
Authors: Oğur Emre , Cantürk Nergis
Published: March 2022

Chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) incidents can occur as natural disaster, accident and intentional usage origins. While first two incident origins involve response in the context of disaster management, incidents that CBRN agents were used on purpose are evaluated in security concepts and involve jurisdical investigation. In recent years, at foremost international organizations call attention to increase the potential of intentional use of CBRN agents by radical terror groups. In this study, it is aimed to reveal the capabilities of law enforcement units and attitudes toward personnel training in the context of CBRN risk and threat for Turkey and the United States of America. In this research, qualitative research methodology and secondary data which was obtained from previous studies were utilized. At the end of the research, it is seen that the United States of America has reached a point with a 20-year professionalization process, however Turkey has passed “awareness” border and taking steps to develop a professional methodology.
Madde Kullanımı Nedeniyle Denetimli Serbestlik Tedbiri Olan Bireylerin Sosyodemografik, Klinik ve Suç Özelliklerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Sehlikoğlu Kerem , Özkan Ömer Lütfi , Sehlikoğlu Şeyma , Eğilmez Oğuzhan Bekir , Kafadar Hüseyin
Published: March 2022

Objective: The prevalence of substance use and related disorders has been ever-increasing in Turkey and the world. Probation system has been implemented in Turkey since 2006 year. The aims of study are to examine the relationships between sociodemographic, clinical features, criminal records of individuals who have probation and treatment and to evaluate the results of the application.
Methods: Of 145 individuals who applied to the probation office were prospectively included in terms of their sociodemographic, substance use, forensic medical features, and the psychiatric diagnosis. During the implementation of the probation system, substance level analysis of urine samples was carried out as three and six-visit programs.
Results: Of 142 (97.9%) participants were male and 3 (2.1%) were female. In the study, it was observed that individuals were mostly male, single, aged between 18-30 years, had a low level of education and income, and used marijuana as a substance. Multiple substance use histories were determined in 59.3% of the cases.
Conclusion: It was concluded that individuals should be educated about the substance since primary school period and social awareness should be provided. In addition, individuals with a low educational level were more likely to commit crimes and attended the six-visit program. It was thought that implemented both programs were similarly efficient and these programs should be continued effectively. Finally, it was evaluated that better clinical results could be obtained if a detailed psychiatric examination was performed in individuals with multiple substance use.
Ebelik Öğrencilerinin Tıbbi Endikasyon Olmayan Gebelik Sonlandırmalarına Bakışı : Bir Kamu Üniversitesi Örneği
Authors: Balcı Işılay , Güdücü Neriman , Sönmez Aybars Deniz , Aktürk Sibel Ocak , Öner Dilara , Dolgun Gülümser , Çetin Gürsel
Published: March 2022

Objective:  Termination of pregnancies without medical indications, causes debates in terms of humanitarian, ethical and religious values. In this context, the aim of our study is to investigate the perspectives/opinions of midwifery students regarding unindicated pregnancy terminations.
Material and Method:  In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 329 students participated. A 17-question questionnaire form prepared in line with the literature was used. In the analysis of the data, number-percentage distribution, mean, standard deviation and chi square test were used.
Results: In marriage, termination of pregnancies up to 10th weeks in health institutions with the consent of the person is more accepted as the class of students increases. In the same circumstances, the idea that the legal period for termination of pregnancy should be less than 10 weeks increased as the class increased.  Termination of pregnancies after 10th week has been rejected with high rates by all grades. At the same time, the idea of terminating the pregnancy by the mother regardless of gestational age and punishing the mother if the father's consent is not obtained is accepted in all classes. However, the idea that it is appropriate to terminate pregnancies as a result of rape in authorized health institutions without observing legal limits is accepted in all classes.
Conclusion: It was determined that students' perspectives on termination of pregnancy other than medical necessity differed between classes. The main reason for the differences was thought to be the theoretical and practical knowledge of the students, which increased from the 3rd grade.
Diyarbakır’da Otopsisi Yapılan Çocukluk Çağı Ateşli Silah Ölümlerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Çom Uğur , Gümüş Burak
Published: March 2022

Objective: The medical findings, characteristics and investigation information of childhood firearm deaths autopsied in Diyarbakır are examined. İt is aimed to discuss the effects of possession of firearms on children and possible solutions to prevent similar incidents.
Methods: Deaths due to firearm injuries in individuals under the age of 18 who were autopsied between 2014 and 2018 by the Council of Forensic Medicine, Diyarbakır Forensic Medicine Group Presidency are analyzed retrospectively through autopsy reports.
Results: 5.7% of autopsy of firearm deaths occurred in childhood. In our study, 62 cases (92.5%) are between the ages of school period. The number of male cases are 43 (64.2%), while the number of female cases are 24 (35.8%). While the suicide origin is observed more frequently in the cases (21 cases, 31.3%), origin of the murder and the accident is found less frequent (11 cases-16.4%, 8 cases 12%, respectively). In 54.1% (13 cases) of female cases, the etiology of suicide is evaluated. Short barreled weapons were used in 33 cases (49.2%), and long barreled weapons were used in 33 cases (49.2%). The number of cases with death at the scene is 42 (62.6%), and 25 (37.4%) cases died in the hospital. There is a single gunshot wound in 59 cases (88%), and more than one gunshot wound is detected in 8 cases (12%).
Conclusion: Preventing children's access to firearms, controlling individual armament, and increasing social awareness can reduce firearm deaths.
Gigantes. Biografía heroica y cultura transnacional comunista en los años treinta
Authors: Rueda Laffond José Carlos
Published: March 2022

El artículo se aproxima al género de la biografía heroica comunista durante los años treinta, particularmente en España. Parte del peso notable que han adquirido en los últimos años el vector biocrático/biográfico y las perspectivas transnacionales en la historiografía internacional sobre comunismo. A través de una metodología comparada, se analizan diversos relatos sobre lo personal aparecidos en aquellos años en castellano, bien en traducciones con amplia circulación en el espacio comunista internacional o bien en textos originales generados desde la singularidad nacional. El estudio resalta varios aspectos: las funcionalidades empáticas, ejemplarizantes, didácticas y socializadoras de estas narrativas; el acoplamiento entre particularidades y significaciones compartidas en la cultura comunista; la ubicación de dichos relatos en un contexto «glocal» —global y local—, propio del antifascismo, o su implicación con el culto a la personalidad, un rasgo esencial de la identidad comunista fundado en el carisma y en el capital político-simbólico generado gracias a la imagen de una idílica convergencia entre trayectoria individual, colectividad y partido.
Elecciones y representación municipal en Castilla y León (1979-2019)
Authors: Olucha-Sánchez Francisco , González González Pablo , García Velázquez Álvaro
Published: March 2022

El fenómeno de la nacionalización de la política ha contribuido a que los estudios sobre la representación política en el ámbito local no hayan tenido mucho protagonismo dentro de la ciencia política en España. Además, pocos trabajos han abordado esta cuestión desde el punto de vista empírico. Esta nota de investigación describe la representación municipal dentro de la Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla y León. Para ello, se han analizado los resultados electorales de todos los municipios de Castilla y León durante los años 1979 y 2019, clasificando a los partidos políticos según su ámbito de actuación territorial. Con esta nueva aproximación se aportan datos que avalan la tesis de la nacionalización, observando un claro predominio de los partidos de ámbito estatal (PAE), una débil presencia de partidos de ámbito no estatal (PANE) y tres momentos de auge de los partidos de ámbito local (PAL).
Aguas ambiguas: encarnando una conciencia antropocénica a través del ecogótico rioplatense
Authors: Mackey Allison
Published: March 2022

This article examines regional engagements with the gothic mode by contemporary writers on either side of the Río de la Plata. The short story “Bajo el Agua Negra” (Mariana Enríquez, 2016) and the novel Mugre Rosa (Fernanda Trías, 2020) both feature figures of monstrous children, toxic rivers, and mutated bodies not only to criticize historical and contemporary social injustices and dominant models of production, but also to imagine a multispecies ethics of care. Through liminal protagonists who simultaneously represent and challenge anthropocentric models, Enríquez and Trías demonstrate a nascent Anthropocene awareness. In both texts, the emergence of non-human storied matter as embodied agency is impossible to ignore, resonating with feminist ecocritical and materialist posthumanist thinkers. However, far from awakening a horror that overwhelms and immobilizes the reader, these ambiguous and open-ended speculative visions indicate that something more hopeful might emerge from the destruction of old models.
Enormous epulis fissuratum: A case report
Authors: Davidson. S Sam Ponraj , Somasundaram Elangovan , Jaishankar Suman , Kumar. B Senthil
Published: March 2022

Epulis fissuratum also called as Denture-induced hyperplasia (DIH) is a tumor-like hyperplasia of fibrous connective tissue, which develops in association with an ill-fitting complete or partial denture. Virchoft first invented the term “Epulis” and the meaning is “over the gums”. However the use of this term is not appropriate as it emphasizes only the actual site of the lesion. In most cases, the affected mucosa is usually the oral mucosa of the vestibular sulcus or the palatal region. Therefore, “Denture-induced fibrous hyperplasia” was considered to be a much-preferred term. This is a case report of an 65 year old female with a history of wearing complete denture for 2 years and ended up in developing multiple proliferative growths.
Mucocele of lower lip – Case reports
Authors: Raffi Rubeena M , Reddy Vachepally Praveen , R Poornima , G P Sujatha , L Ashok
Published: March 2022

Mucoceles are cavities filled with mucus and are one of the most common benign soft tissue masses that occur in the oral cavity. They are traumatic in origin and are formed when the main duct of a minor salivary gland is traumatized with subsequent extravasation of the mucus into the fibrous connective tissue forming a cyst like cavity. Mucoceles can appear by an extravasation or a retention mechanism. They appear as discrete, small, translucent, soft, painless swelling of the mucosa ranging from normal pink to deep blue in color and are most commonly found on the lower lip, lateral to the midline and may occur at any age, but they are more frequently seen in the second and third decade of life. The lesion has no sex predilection and occurs more frequently in children, adolescents. Generally managed by conservative surgical excision.
Immediate esthetic rehabilitation of fracture vital and nonvital teeth: A noval approach
Authors: Mishra Preeti , Nikhil Vineeta , Jaiswal Shikha
Published: March 2022

Traumas that affect the hard tissues, cause functional and esthetic disturbances which are of great relevance especially when a patient is a public figure immediate treatment in such cases is mandatory for both esthetic and psychological reasons. In the pre-adhesive era, fractured teeth were restored either with pin retained restorations or metallic post. However, with development of adhesive dentistry more conservative approach can be adapted allowing the dentists to use the patient’s own fragment to restore the fractured tooth.This procedure termed as reattachment can lead to immediate esthetic restoration. This article present the two successful conservative management of reattachment procedure.
Indirect composite inlay restoration: A case report
Authors: Jose Linda Maria , Jose Justline , Babu Kessiya , Jose Basil
Published: March 2022

In several deterioration cases , composite competes with amalgams, metallic and ceramic inlays. In relatively small cavities of posterior teeth, utility of direct composite restorations is restricted due to its polymerisation stresses. A much-appreciated alterative to ceramics in posterior teeth is indirect composite. Due to recent technological advancements in composite materials and bonding techniques, its use escalates steadily. Touati and Mormann introduced the first generation of indirect resins composite in early 1980s. Although there is a successful accomplishment in direct composite restoration, the use of composite restoration with indirect or extra-oral method remains ambiguous. In this article, we will inquire into composite systems used at the laboratory for indirect restoration in a clinical ground.
Newer glaucoma surgeries: A review
Authors: Raj Amit , Tiwari Pragati
Published: March 2022

With sophisticated diagnostic modalities used in glaucoma now-a-days, the demand for more accurate and precise intraocular pressure control is also rising. Glaucoma has seen myriad of treatment modalities including medical, laser and surgical. This article focuses on the newer glaucoma surgeries, viz-a-viz microinvasive glaucoma surgeries (MIGS) that has seen immense experimental and clinical research with favourable results. MIGS works via various mechanisms, by-passing trabecular meshwork by implanting a stent or excising the trabecular tissue, enhancing aqueous outflow through Schlemm’s canal or suprachoroidal space, and shunting the aqueous to the subconjunctival space. In this article we describe each of these procedures with the results on their efficacy and safety.
Clinical profile of patients attending ophthalmic clinic during peaks of covid pandemic: A descriptive study during peaks of covid pandemic at tertiary institute in south India
Authors: Parri Muralidhar
Published: March 2022

InCovid pandemic of India, the first peak occured during September to December 2020. During this period, the patients avoided coming to OPD unless an emergency. It is not known, if there was any change in clinical spectrum of patients presenting to outpatient clinic, so this study gives an overview of the patients presenting to OPD in the pandemic.

This study aims to enumerate various ocular symptoms of patients presenting to Ophthalmology outpatient clinic during covid pandemic period, evaluate their demographic profile and to identify any ocular manifestations of corona virus amongst these patients.

This is a prospective study done between September 2020 and December 2020 after obtaining approval from Institutional Ethics Committee board. Inclusive criteria-All adult patients of both genders, attending Ophthalmology OPD during study period. Exclusive criteria-Paediatric age group patients, patients having long standing ocular ailments before pandemic. Ocular examination was done by Torch light and Slit lamp bio microscopy. P value was calculated by chi- square test.

: There were a total of 374 patients during the study period, male-268(71.65%), female 106(28.34%). The common age group (146 patients out of total 374 patients) was between 20 to 40 years. The chief presenting complaints were- itching (186, males 27.61%, females 61.32% P value-0.004), redness-112 (males-74, females 38, P value-0.117) Foreign body sensation-84 (males-51, females 33, P value-0.011). Defective vision due to cataract -34 (male-18, females-16, P value-0.01109). The diagnosis related to ocular ailments were refractive errors-112(29.94%), ocular adnexa diseases-24(6.41%), conjunctiva diseases-147(39.30%), cornea diseases-12, (3.20%), lenticular disease-34, (9.09%), glaucoma diseases-16(4.27%). Medical treatment was given to most patients (312 patients, 83.42%).

: In our study, majority of patients presented with itching, foreign body sensation and diagnosed mostly as conjunctivitis, predominantly viral. Most of the patients are males and in working age group.
Outcome of intravitreal triamcinolone (IVTA) acetonide in various posterior segment disorder
Authors: Fauzia Ara , Kalpana S , Prabhakar Sneha Priya
Published: March 2022

To study the response to the injection of intra-vitreal triamcinolone acetate (IVTA) in various indications and to identify the IOP rise between various groups.

An interventional, prospective study was conducted on 50 patients at vitreo-retinal department at tertiary eye hospital in Bangalore in the period of November 2015 to May 2017. Each patient was subjected to a detailed assessment which included patient’s demographic data & detailed history. Best corrected visual-acuity (BCVA), Intra ocular pressure(IOP) was recorded. Macular oedema is confirmed by optical coherence tomography and fluorescein angiography. Patients that received injection IVTA were followed up for 6 months.

The mean age of subjects was 56.78±10.76 years, 54% were males and 46% were females. In the study, 46% of eyes were diagnosed at CSME, 38% as BRVO, 8% as pseudophakic CME, 6% as CRVO and 2% as Uveitis. The mean BCVA LogMAR at baseline was 0.87±0.43 and at 6 months follow up mean BCVA LogMAR was 0.59 ± 0.42. In the study mean IOP at baseline was 14.24±3.01 and at 6 months follow up mean IOP was 15.12 ± 3.60. There was significant increase in IOP at 1 month follow up. The mean central macular thickness (CMT) at baseline was 469.4±138.4 and at 6 months follow up mean CMT was 290.9 ± 140.7.

Although there is a risk of raised IOP, IVTA can be preferred as a modality of treating macular edema as it has good results and is very economical and affordable.
Clinical outcome and compliance to treatment in patients with CNVM: Our experience
Authors: Surya Divyalakshmi Kaiyoor , Pavithran Surya
Published: March 2022

To evaluate the outcome of treatment for CNVM and to estimate the compliance to treatment in patients diagnosed with CNVM.

A hospital-based retrospective descriptive study was done. Case record analysis of all the patients with diagnosis of CNVM, attending the retina clinic of a tertiary care centre was done. Records were studied for demographic and ocular characteristics and Ocular findings during initial and follow-up visits including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and findings on OCT.

45 cases were diagnosed to have vision loss due to CNVM. All the patients were counseled to undergo three doses of intravitreal Bevacizumab injection at monthly intervals. However out of 45 cases only 14 cases followed the protocol and completed 6 months follow up. All the patients received intravitreal Bevacizumab at monthly intervals for three months followed by injections as and when required. BCVA on LOGMAR improved from 1.032(+/- 0.05) to 0.75(+/- 0.037) at 6 months follow up. Reduction in the activity of CNVM was noted in all the patients with significant visual recovery. Of 45 cases diagnosed to have CNVM only 14 patients were compliant to treatment protocol and follow up. The compliance rate was found to be 31%.

CNVM is one of the leading causes of visual loss and irreversible blindness. Anti- VEGF drugs have been found to be efficacious in the treatment of CNVM. Intravitreal Bevacizumab found to be efficacious in reducing the CNVM activity and improving the visual acuity. However the treatment regimen has to be followed for successful clinical outcome. Compliance of patients to treatment and consequent treatment success outcome may be improved by addressing the underlying causative factors for non compliance.
Headache as presenting complaint in choroidal osteoma, a rare association
Authors: Tripathi Alka
Published: March 2022

Ophthalmologists play an important role in the evaluation of headache as there is inseparable association between eye and headache. The headache may include facial pain, migraine or neurological pain. Headache may present as a medical emergency or as a routine case in outpatient department. Ophthalmologist play as front line physicians in diagnosing and managing such cases with proper referral if required. Few cases of headache as the presenting symptom in choroidal osteoma have been reported. Cause of headache may be due to blurred vision, sinus involvement, mechanical pressure effect, ischemic damage or an incidental association. The diagnosis of choroidal osteoma is mainly clinical. Majority of the cases remain asymptomatic and choroidal osteoma may be an incidental finding in a patient presenting with other complaints. This case report throws light on complete ophthalmic evaluation of every case of headache to ensure no important findings are missed.
A comparative cervical verteberal maturity index evaluation of skeletal age in cleft and non-Cleft patients
Authors: Kanse Anup , Hussain Abrar , Tripathi Tulika , Rai Priyank
Published: March 2022

Children with a cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) inherit multiple complications related to inadequate nutrition, feeding problems and speech impairment. Cleft patient treatment aims to address skeletal and dental disharmony through multidisciplinary care, where skeletal discrepancies in children with CLP may require orthopedic and/or surgical correction. It is important to determine the period of accelerated growth of the relevant skeletal structure to achieve the most favourable response with the least potential morbidity.

A retrospective study was conducted for a period of eighteen months in which 102 lateral cephalograms of subjects within the age range of nine to eighteen years were examined to evaluate differences in the cervical vertebrae skeletal maturation. Patients with non- syndromic unilateral/bilateral cleft lip and palate and those without cleft and other systemic disorders were analysed.

Fifty-one participants each with and without cleft-palate and lip were recruited in our study. At the age group of 9-13 years, comparison of CVMI status between cleft and non-cleft subjects revealed a statistically significant difference. In the age group of 14 – 18 years, equal distribution was observed in the deceleration stage and maturation stage of cleft and non-cleft groups. More disparity was found in CVMI transition stage

The conducted study indicates statistically significant differences between the skeletal age and chronological age in cleft and non-cleft subjects from the age group of 9-18 years.
Thermal Performance Analysis of Triple Heat Exchangers via the Application of an Innovative Simplified Methodology
Authors: Vocale Pamela , Malavasi Matteo , Cattani Luca , Bozzoli Fabio , Rainieri Sara
Published: March 2022

Despite the double tube heat exchangers, in the triple tube heat exchangers, there are three fluids, and the methodology based on the assessment of the logarithmic mean temperature difference is no longer applicable. Moreover, in triple tube heat exchangers, there are two overall heat transfer coefficients dependent on each other. As such, it is necessary to solve them simultaneously, thus making the evaluation of the thermal performance of triple tube heat exchangers more complex compared to double tube heat exchangers. Among the proposed approaches in the literature to solve this issue, one of the most powerful and commonly adopted in several engineering applications is the parameter estimation procedure. Nevertheless, for the specific implementation examined in our analysis, a thorough numerical model of the triple tube heat exchanger was required to apply the inverse procedure properly. Furthermore, it is mandatory to measure the temperature of the three fluids at the inlet and outlet sections. In so doing, the inverse procedure can be successfully applied to the characterisation of triple tube heat exchangers tested in well-equipped research labs; however, its application to heat transfer devices operating in industrial facilities can be difficult. In order to overcome this limitation, an innovative parameter estimation technique that enables the evaluation of the thermal performance of this type of heat transfer devices is presented. The suggested methodology is based on a simple model of the triple tube heat exchanger in which an equivalent double tube heat exchanger is considered, thus requiring only four temperature measurements. The results obtained by applying this simplified methodology are numerically validated and compared to those obtained using a comprehensive model.
Thermal and Flow Analysis of Different Shaped Pin Fins for Improved Heat Transfer Rate
Authors: Frhan Al-Abboodi Nhad K. , Khalaf Kamil Abdulhussien , Ridha Huda , Al-Azawy Mohammed G.
Published: March 2022

In this paper, a micro pin fin heat sink is numerically investigated with four fins geometries (circular, elliptical, square, and drop shape) at two types of arrangement styles, inline and staggered arrangement. The hydrodynamic and thermal characteristics of different fin geometries and two arrangement styles have been compared under the exact value of Reynolds number and constant wall temperature thermal boundary conditions. The Reynolds number was sweeping in the range of (400-2800) to ensure the fluid flow velocity impact in the pin fin performance. The results obtained indicate that a longitude pin fin dropped with increasing Reynolds number at a distributed temperature. Also, the circler Pin fin reaches the lowest temperature comparison to the rest of the three-pin fin types. Generally, according to the extracted, Nusselt number for different geometries increased versus increasing the Reynolds number. Observe that the elliptical fin shape yields the highest Nusselt number at all Reynolds numbers. Moreover, the elliptical pin fin ejects the highest heat transfer rate, which indicates the pin fin performance. Furthermore, skin friction has a significant function with variation in Reynolds number.
Applications of Heart Shaped Glass Spoon Loop Oscillating Heat Pipe (HSGS/LOHP) for Making Coffee Stirrer
Authors: Pipatpaiboon Namphon , Parametthanuwat Thanya , Bhuwakietkumjohn Nipon , Rittidech Sampan , Sichamnan Surachet
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to investigate the application of a Heart Shaped Glass Spoon Loop Oscillating Heat Pipe (HSGS/LOHP) made of a glass tube. The results showed that HSGS/LOHP can be practically used for stirring hot coffee in a cup. At the working substance filling rates of 80 and 60%, slug and annular flows of the working substance pattern were found while at 40% only the slug flow was found. The maximum mean lengths of the slug and annular flows of the working substance were 0.0259 and 0.00443 m which occurred at the working substance filling rate of 80% at the evaporator temperatures of 40℃, the average velocity was the highest for every working substance filling rate at the evaporator temperatures 70°C. The slug and annular flow patterns had maximum speeds of 0.00171 and 0.00111 m/s when tested at the 40% and 60% working substance filling rates, respectively. The working substance at the evaporator temperature of 40℃ and the filling rate of 80% had the highest buoyancy force and moment of inertia of 4.90 ± 0.25 kN and 901.77 ± 45.08 Tm2·kg, respectively.
Numerical Analysis and Optimization of Heat Dissipation of Mechanical Automation Equipment Based on Thermal Model
Authors: Zhang Miaomiao
Published: March 2022

If the internal heat of mechanical automation equipment exceeds or does not reach the thermal equilibrium temperature range, it will adversely affect the operational reliability, environmental protection and production efficiency of the equipment. To tackle the problem, there has been some research on the internal heat dissipation of mechanical automation equipment, but mostly of the existing studies have simply aimed to change the parameters of the cooling system, and little has been done on the loading process and implementation details of the thermal model. Therefore, this paper provides numerical analysis and optimization of the space heat dissipation of mechanical automation equipment based on a thermal model. First, the heat dissipation mechanism of mechanical automation equipment was elaborated in detail, and the structure of the cooling system for mechanical automation equipment was given. Then, a spatial thermal model of mechanical automation equipment was established, and the heat dissipation design process of mechanical automation equipment was given. After that, the differences between the natural convection heat dissipation in large space and that in confined space inside mechanical automation equipment were explored. The experimental results verified the effectiveness of the numerical simulation model proposed in this paper.
Pridelava zrnatih stročnic
Authors: Jakop Manfred , Grobelnik Mlakar Silva
Published: March 2022

Povečevanje pridelave hrane, ob upoštevanju dolgoročnega ohranjanja in izboljševanja rodovitnosti tal, čim manjše porabe energije ter varovanja okolja, so pomembne naloge trajnostnega kmetijstva. Strokovna monografija »Pridelava zrnatih stročnic«, ki je nastala ob zaključku projekta evropskega inovativnega partnerstva (EIP) Zrnate stročnice – pridelava, predelava in uporaba, obravnava sodobne pristope in dobre prakse pridelave znanih in manj znanih zrnatih stročnic. Predstavljene tehnike pridelave vključujejo postopke in načela, s katerimi zmanjšujemo negativne vplive kmetijstva na okolje, vključno z agrotehniko brez ali z zmanjšano uporabo fitofarmacevtskih sredstev. Predstavljene so tudi možnosti in prednosti vključevanja stročnic v kolobar na kmetijah, s poudarkom na znižanju potreb po gnojenju rastlin z mineralnimi ter organskimi oblikami dušika. Vsebino monografije dopolnjujejo izkušnje posameznih pridelovalcev, ki uspešno pridelujejo različne stročnice na svojih kmetijah. S ciljem po večji prepoznavnosti, uporabi in pridelavi zrnatih stročnic, smo avtorji povezali tri ključne ravni v verigi: pridelavo, predelavo in njihovo uporabo. »Pridelava zrnatih stročnic« vsebinsko pokriva prvi člen v verigi, ostale vsebine bosta dopolnili publikaciji »Zrnate stročnice v prehrani« in »Zrnate stročnice v prehrani rejnih živali«.
Od redaktorów: Dylematy etyczne i ryzyko w badaniach terenowych
Authors: Cymbrowski Borys
Published: March 2022

We wprowadzeniu autorzy proponują ujęcie kwestii etycznych w kategoriach ryzyka, które towarzyszy prowadzeniu badań terenowych. Spojrzenie na badania od strony ryzyka pomaga po części uporządkować dyskurs o różnych zagrożeniach pojawiających się w toku nawiązywania interakcji badawczych, a także kieruje uwagę na powiązane sprawy identyfikowania i komunikowania ryzyka oraz podejmowania kwestii etycznych. Jedną z najważniejszych cech relacji badawczej, która utrudnia definitywne rozstrzyganie problemów etycznych, jest to, że nawiązywana jest ona w zmieniających się okolicznościach, niepowtarzalnych i zaskakujących sytuacjach, a także wobec zderzenia różnych systemów etycznych, które mogą dzielić zarówno badaczy i badanych, jak i różne podmioty w obrębie obu stron badawczej relacji. Jest już wiele danych pokazujących, że badania terenowe przynoszą nieoczekiwane zagrożenia etyczne zarówno dla jednostek, jak i zbiorowości, są bowiem prowadzone zarówno na poziomie kontaktu twarzą w twarz między jednostkami, jak i pomiędzy zbiorowościami o odmiennych formach społecznej organizacji. W sytuacji kiedy badacze nie mogą zniwelować różnic istniejących między zbiorowościami, które reprezentują i które badają, sami ponoszą ciężar ich istnienia. To musi wywoływać skutki poznawcze, emocjonalne, moralne i osobiste zarówno dla nich, jak i ich informatorów. Stąd w świetle istniejącej wiedzy można powiedzieć, że tego rodzaju ryzyko w badaniach terenowych jest nieuniknione i trzeba uczyć się je akceptować. Natomiast nie wiadomo jeszcze, jakie skutki dla organizacji badań przyniesie rozwijanie i instytucjonalizowanie dyskursów etycznych w obrębie nauk społecznych, które może wpływać nie tylko na kontrolę ryzyka, ale także na dokonywanie wyboru tematów i metod badawczych, profilowanie instytucji badawczych i polityki finansowania badań.
Praktyki ukrywania. O pułapkach, pokusach i pożytkach z badań niejawnych
Authors: Bielska Beata
Published: March 2022

Tekst ma na celu przedstawienie krytycznej refleksji etycznej nad rozumieniem i wykorzystaniem badań ukrytych. Rozważając dylematy, przed jakimi staje badacz w terenie i próbując przeanalizować, jak można je rozwikłać, proponuję stosowanie innego, trafniejszego pojęcia odnoszącego się do nieujawniania informacji o badaniu – praktyki ukrywania. Sugeruję również sposób postępowania zakładający uwzględnienie aspektu niejawności jako immanentnej cechy procesu badawczego. Powyższe zagadnienia omawiane są przede wszystkim na przykładzie autorskiego badania kupowania prac magisterskich i licencjackich, uzupełniane zaś przykładami z innych przedsięwzięć badawczych, w których autorka miała okazję uczestniczyć. W analizach odnoszę się nie tylko do własnego doświadczenia, ale też do, niekiedy zaskakująco odmiennych, uregulowań w kodeksach etycznych.
Wybrane problemy etyczne w naukowych badaniach na zlecenie. Refleksje etnografki
Authors: Surmiak Adrianna
Published: March 2022

W artykule omawiam problemy etyczne, które dotyczą uczciwości, wykorzystywania badanych oraz ochrony poufności, prywatności i anonimowości w kontekście naukowych badań na zlecenie. Ich analiza wydaje mi się istotna zarówno ze względu na rosnące znaczenie badań kontraktowych, jak i niewielkie zainteresowanie tym zagadnieniem w literaturze przedmiotu z nauk społecznych i humanistycznych. Odwołuję się do własnych doświadczeń prowadzenia badań jakościowych na zlecenie (głównie wywiadów częściowo ustrukturyzowanych i obserwacji) w pięciu naukowych projektach badawczych zrealizowanych w latach 2012–2015. Ze względu na charakter wymienionych badań oraz zastosowane w nich metody badawcze w analizie problemów etycznych sięgam do wybranych kodeksów etyki socjologa oraz antropologa.
Thinking Through New Methodologies. Sounding Out the City With Teenagers
Authors: O’Keeffe Linda
Published: March 2022

This paper explores the place for sound within social theory, more specifically, how sound as a subject can be interpreted methodologically. The paper examines the various methods implemented within a Ph.D. research project. The research adopted a participatory approach, examining the missing voices in the post design of place. In this way, the research focused on those groups often excluded in the design of urban space, teenagers. The methods included participant documented soundwalking, sound mapping, focus groups, and ethnographic soundwalks. This paper argues that a closer attention to sound, when examining the urban area, will help shape one’s understanding of the everyday. Methods that explore sound as part of the makeup of social life, either as place building or space making, whether they are politically intentional or historically relevant, need to be advanced.
Politically Sensitive Encounters: Ethnography, Access, and the Benefits of “Hanging Out”
Authors: Browne Brendan Ciarán , McBride Ruari-Santiago
Published: March 2022

Negotiating politically sensitive research environments requires both a careful consideration of the methods involved and a great deal of personal resolve. In drawing upon two distinct yet comparable fieldwork experiences, this paper champions the benefits of ethnographic methods in seeking to gain positionality and research legitimacy among those identified as future research participants. The authors explore and discuss their use of the ethnographic concept of “hanging out” in politically sensitive environments when seeking to negotiate access to potentially hard to reach participants living in challenging research environments. Through an illustrative examination of their experiences in researching commemorative rituals in Palestine and mental health in a Northern Irish prison, both authors reflect upon their use of “hanging out” when seeking to break down barriers and gain acceptance among their target research participants. Their involvement in a range of activities, not directly related to the overall aims of the research project, highlights a need for qualitative researchers to adopt a flexible research design, one that embraces serendipitous or chance encounters, when seeking to gain access to hard to reach research participants or when issues of researcher legitimacy are particularly pronounced, such as is the case in politically sensitive research environments.
An Examination of Narratives From Women Offenders: Are Gender-Specific Reentry Efforts Needed?
Authors: Koski Susan V. , Costanza S. E.
Published: March 2022

In this article, data was gathered from interviews and observations using content and historical analysis of several women from a reentry program in Hartford, CT (n=32). Interviews illustrate that examining a gendered approach of female offenders provides an efficient foundation on which to answer the question of whether reentry programs are truly gender-specific. The needs of women are different than men and therefore there should be a difference in treatment upon reentry. Two main purposes are served: to investigate women’s narratives about the reason for criminal activity and to examine their specific needs for gender-specific reentry programming. The value of qualitative research in life trajectories is emphasized as a tool to understand gender-specific needs with a particular focus on the life course dimensions of entrance, success, and timing (Thornberry 1997).
Online Claims-Making: The NRA and Gun Advocacy in Cyberspace
Authors: Maratea R.J.
Published: March 2022

This article examines the Internet’s emergent role in the claims-making process. My central premise is while Internet technology provides lay citizens with a mass mediated platform to distribute claims publically, power dynamics in the public sphere have remained relatively stable: Insiders and lobbyists continue to be powerful cultural voices; the press still functions as a cultural gatekeeper of newsworthiness; most people continue to have relatively little social authority; and the least powerful risk being completely left out of a digital society. Using the National Rifle Association (NRA) web presence as a case study, I describe the Internet as a vast collection of interconnected public cyber-arenas where problem claims are continuously disseminated, global communication is facilitated via online advocacy networks, and claimants utilize novel cyber-strategies to mobilize supporters. In doing so, I examine how cyber-arenas fundamentally differ from more static traditional claims-making arenas like television, radio, and print publication. I conclude by considering the extent to which historically powerful insider claims-making groups like the NRA are actually best positioned to succeed in a supposedly democratized new media world.
Social Workers and the Sociological Sense of Social Problems: Balancing Objectivism, Subjectivism, and Social Construction
Authors: Appel Nissen Maria
Published: March 2022

The aim of this article is to explore the intricate relations between objectivism, subjectivism, and constructionism. I explore the construction of social problems in everyday professional practice as a valuable source for addressing and reflecting on differences in perceptions of knowledge. Using data from a study of how Danish social workers perceive social problems, the article shows how social workers’ perceptions of social problems reveal a sociological sense of social problems that renders possible both ontological assumptions, as well as epistemological reflections on the objective, subjective, and social constructionist dimensions of social problems. The social workers are constructing a model of social problems and how they are reproduced, as well as epistemological reflections on the uncertainty of knowing the “reality” of social problems. Those constructions are not formulated strictly in line with scholarly approaches but rather stem from experiences of working with social problems. The article proposes that we can learn something from this in terms of reimagining social constructionism. I propose that social constructionists should cultivate a sociological sense of the practical perceptions and approaches to solve social problems in society.
The Office as a Mixing Pot and Playground. An Ethnographic Study at a Creative Workplace
Authors: Serrano-Martínez Cecilia
Published: March 2022

This paper aims to contribute to knowledge of the factors which inform the grouping of creative workers in particular places. It is based on a case study of Aragón, a region of Spain, and draws on a period of nine months of ethnographic work among a particular group of creative workers. The main hypothesis is that there are visual components in the work environment that are stimulating for workers and there is a number of creative flows in these workspaces. I have selected one office that is occupied by two different groups of creative professionals: web designers and programmers. The research concludes that there is evidence that a shared set of cultural values, ideas about work organization, and a hybrid work-life balance are significant to the location choices of creative workers. The research is relevant as a contribution to knowledge about how creative places work.
Określenie wieku osobniczego na podstawie zębów
Authors: Otocki Piotr
Published: March 2022

The set of dental traits traditionally used for identification purposes due to their high correlation with age include the attrition of the crown, periodontic changes, apposition of the secondary dentin and root cement, resorption and translucency of the root. The work puts forward a proposal to add a new trait, i.e. width of the root canal. The new trait is particularly useful for the examination of the fossil material.
Próba określenia wpływu czynnika wieku matki na rozwój cech somatycznych płodu
Authors: Cieślik Krystyna , Waszak Małgorzata
Published: March 2022

The attempt at stating the influence of mother’s age on the development of the somatic traits of a fetus was made on the material composed of 1800 fetuses in the age of 20-40 weeks. By means of the variance analysis the correlation between 7 somatic traits o f a fetus and the age of a mother, was examined.
Żyły powierzchowne przedniej okolicy łokciowej u dzieci wiejskich
Authors: Gościcka Danuta , Flisiński Piotr
Published: March 2022

Venous configurations of the anterior cubital region were examined on the sample of 203 country children. The occurence of vessel connections of Y -type was found in 91,9%. The variant had 10 modificatins (a-j). Modification of j-type which was observed in boys was the most ramified one. The relation between the kind of the work and the kind of the vessel configuration has been suggested.
Uwarunkowania wysokiej zależności pomiędzy budową ciała i wiekiem menarchy
Authors: Łaska-Mierzejewska Teresa , Łuczak Ewa
Published: March 2022

The groups of girls strongly differentiated by the economic situation of their families showed big differences in menarcheal age, but not in body build.
Zmienność sezonowa a stan somatyczny noworodka
Authors: Litwiejko-Pietryńczak Elżbieta
Published: March 2022

A group of 1913 40-weeks old, first-born and from subsequent pregnancies newborns (920 female and 993 male) from Białystok were examined with respect to the following anthropometric features: body mass, crown-rump length (si), head and chest circumference and their relation to the month of the children’s birth.
Badania biometryczne serca i dużych naczyń tętniczych w rozwoju prenatalnym człowieka
Authors: Chrobot Andrzej , Bożiłow Władimir , Czerwionka-Szaflarska Mieczysława , Swincow Grażyna
Published: March 2022

The paper contains the results of the investigation of selected dimensions of heart and great vessels. The studies were carried out on a total of 197 fetuses (98 males and 99 females) in the age from the 3rd to 7th month of perinatal life. The aim of this work was to receive the data on the process of formation of sexual differences in the dimensions of: heart, aorta, pulmonary trunk, aortic arch ramifications, and the course of their growth rate.