bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is There a Risk for Semaglutide Misuse? Focus on the Food and Drug Administration-FDA Adverse Events Reporting System (FAERS) Pharmacovigilance Dataset
Authors: Chiappini Stefania , Vickers-Smith Rachel , Harris Daniel , Petellier Papanti Duccio G. , Corkery John M. , Guirguis Amira , Martinotti Giovanni , Sensi Stefano L. , Schifano Fabrizio
Published: September 2023

Recent media reports commented about a possible antidiabetics’ misuse issue related to molecules promoted as a weight-loss treatment in non-obese people. We evaluated here available pharmacovigilance misuse/abuse signals related to semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue, in comparison to other GLP-1 receptor agonists (albiglutide; dulaglutide; exenatide; liraglutide; lixisenatide; tirzepatide) and the phentermine-topiramate combination. To that aim, we analysed the Food and Drug Administration-FDA Adverse Events Reporting System (FAERS) dataset, performing a descriptive analysis of adverse event reports (AER) and calculating related pharmacovigilance measures, including the reporting odds ratio (ROR) and the proportional reporting ratio (PRR). During January 2018-December 2022, a total of 31,542 AER involving the selected molecules were submitted to FAERS; most involved dulaglutide (n=11,858; 37.6%) and semaglutide (n=8,249; 26.1%). In comparing semaglutide vs the remaining nolecules, the AER ‘drug abuse’, ‘drug withdrawal syndrome’, ‘prescription drug used without a prescription’ and ‘intentional product use issue’ respective PRR values were 4.05, 4.05, 3.60 and 1.80 (all<0.01). The same comparisons of semaglutide vs the phentermine-topiramate combination were not associated with any significant differences. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study documenting the misusing/abusing potential of semaglutide in comparison with other GLP1 analogues and the phentermine-topiramate combination. Current findings will need to be confirmed by further empirical investigations to fully understand the safety profile of those molecules.
Potential of Contracting Out through the Nursing Center Model: An Integrative Review
Authors: Juniarti Neti , Lukman Mamat , Mulya Adelse Prima
Published: September 2023

Nurses focus more on curative aspects rather than health promotion and disease prevention, thus weakening primary health care and lessening engagement with the community. Providing a learning environment that can support the professional growth of nurses through engagement with local communities and educational institutions would strengthen primary health care in the community; however, this poses challenges due to the traditional mindset of nurses towards primary health care. This integrative review aimed to explore key features of the potential of the nursing center model as a contracting-out approach to strengthen primary health care services. This integrative review provides lessons for implementing the Nursing Centre model for any country, mainly where nurses are not fully utilized for health promotion and disease prevention.
Aspects Regarding the Influence of Hot Deformation on the Mechanical and Structural Properties of 42CrMo4 steel
Authors: Pop Mariana , Sas-Boca Ioana-Monica , Popa Florin
Published: September 2023

The aim of the paper is to analyze the experimental results of the influence of elevated temperatures and strain rate on the mechanical and structural properties of steel 42CrMo4. The experiments were based on uniaxial tension and compression tests at high temperatures between 700 °C and 1000 °C and strain rates range 0.0018 - 0.1 s-1. The influence of temperature and strain rate on yield stress, strain to fracture, hardness, structural changes, and fracture characteristics were analyzed. Due to the dynamic recrystallization phenomenon present during the hot tensile tests, an increase in the flow stress is observed at the beginning of the deformation, after which it decreases until the fracture. By increasing the deformation temperature from 700 °C to 1000 °C, the tensile stress decreases significantly for all strain rates. The increase in the strain rate leads to the increase in the tensile stress. In compression tests by increasing the strain rate, the true strain is slightly increasing, but this depends on the temperature. The non-uniformity of deformations obtained at different values of the strain rate and temperature were also analyzed. Analysis by scanning electron microscopy showed the ductile behavior of the material. The degree of damage of the material caused by the presence of cavities increases by increasing the deformation temperature.
Green Approach to Valorize Abundant Aquatic Weeds for Nutrient-Rich Edible Paper Sheets Production in Bangladesh
Authors: Suraiya Sharmin , Bristy Suraiya Afrin , Ali Md Sadek , Ali Md. Rasal , Haq Monjurul
Published: September 2023

Three edible aquatic weeds, helencha (Enhydra fluctuans), malancha (Alternanthera philoxeroides), and kalmi (Ipomoea aquatica), were used to produce edible paper sheets. The composition of the raw and paper sheet samples was analyzed, including proximate composition, amino acid content, minerals and heavy metal contents, and bioactive compounds. The dried raw and paper sheets showed similar proximate composition, with carbohydrates being the highest (50.38-64.63%), followed by crude protein (15.25-19.13%), ash (9.30-15.88%), and lipid (1.549-3.43%). The weeds and paper sheets were rich in essential minerals like Na, Ca, Zn, and Fe. Acceptable levels of heavy metals, including Ni, Pb, and Cu, were found. The paper sheets contained seven essential and eight non-essential amino acids. A. philoxeroides sheets showed the highest amino acid content (16146.81mg/100g), while I. aquatica showed the lowest (13118.67 mg/100g). The aquatic weeds paper sheets were rich in containing bioactive compounds and the number in E. fluctuans, A. philoxeroides, and I. aquatica paper sheets were 31, 33, and 40, respectively. There were no significant changes in the nutritional content of aquatic weeds in paper sheet form compared to the raw weeds which suggests promising prospects for the production and consumption as a source of nutrition and bioactive compounds.
Pre- and Postoperative Evaluation of Immediate and Early Implant Placement in Esthetic Areas with Pre-Extraction Facial Dehiscence: A Retrospective Clinical Study
Authors: Fujii Misa , Nakano Tamaki , Ishigaki Shoichi
Published: September 2023

The clinical requirement for a good esthetic result for immediate implant placement is the absence of dehiscence in the anterior facial alveolar bone. In the presence of a dehiscence, it is recommend-ed to use a connective tissue graft in addition to immediate implant placement or to change to ear-ly implant placement. However, the literature focusing on dehiscence is scarce, and the influence of different placement times and combined use of connective tissue graft on postoperative esthetics in cases with dehiscence is unclear. Therefore, we quantitatively evaluated the pre-extraction de-hiscence morphology and postoperative changes in the facial tissue of implants in three groups: immediate implant placement (Group I), immediate implant placement with connective tissue graft (Group IC), and early implant placement (Group E). Fifty-two implants were obtained (20 in Group I, 16 in Group IC, and 16 in Group E). A wider dehiscence increases the risk of soft tissue regression, which was one reason for choosing early implant placement. A combination of imme-diate implant placement and connective tissue graft, or early implant placement, tended to result in less soft tissue regression due to the thicker postoperative facial soft tissue volume.
Microbial Community Shifts with Soil Properties and Enzyme Activities in Inter-/Mono-Cropping Systems in Response to Tillage
Authors: Lu Peina , Zhao Cai , Yin Wen , Hu Falong , Fan Zhilong , Yu Aizhong , Fan Hong
Published: September 2023

No-till and cereal-legume intercropping have been recognized as favorable cropping practices to increase crop yields while maintaining soil quality in arid and semiarid environment, but the bio-logical mechanisms are poorly understood. The present study was to determine the response of soil properties, enzyme activities, and microbial community diversity and composition in mono- and inter-cropping under conventional and no-tillage conditions. We initiated a field experiment in Wuwei, a typical arid area of China, in 2014. Soil was sampled in August 2022 and, yields, soil properties, enzyme activities, and the microbial community diversity and composition were de-termined in the maize and pea strips in inter- and mono-cropping systems. Results revealed that the maize and pea strips in the no-till intercropping significantly increased yields, total and or-ganic carbon stocks, decreased NO3--N, and obtained the highest total and organic P in the soil. The α- and β-diversity of archaea and eukaryotes were significantly affected by planting patterns, while α- and β-diversity of the bacterial community were significantly affected by tillage practices. Both no-tillage and intercropped maize significantly increased the abundance of archaea phylum Thaumarchaeota and bacterial phylum Nitrospirae, benefiting nitrogen fixation of intercropped pea from the atmosphere under the no-tillage cereal/legume intercropping. No-till intercropping was conducive to the accumulation of organic carbon, while decreasing the abundance of Prote-obacteria, Acidobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia. Limited soil enzyme activities (ACP, ALP, DP, NAG, BG, AG, CB) led to decreases in organic carbon turnover and utilization. Intercropping al-tered soil microbial community diversity and composition due to changes in soil properties and enzyme activities. These findings suggest that no-tilled cereal-legume intercropping is a sustaina-ble cropping practice for improving soil properties and enhancing microbial (archaea, bacterial, Eukaryota) diversity, but the long-term persistence is not conducive to rapid turnover of soil nu-trients due to limited enzyme activities.
Iron Chelation in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Myeloproliferative Neoplasms—Real-World Data from the German Non- Interventional Study EXCALIBUR
Authors: Schulz Felicitas , Hauch Ulrich , Ketzler-Henkel Sandra , Von der Heyde Eyck , Koenigsmann Michael , Lauseker Michael , Schulte Nora , Germing Ulrich
Published: September 2023

Myelodysplastic syndromes and myeloproliferative neoplasms both represent hematologic diseases associated with bone marrow failure often resulting in anemia. For those patients, transfusion of red blood cell (RBC) units is essential, but results in iron overload (IOL) that may affect various organ functions. Therefore, iron chelation therapy plays a major role in anemic patients, not only because it reduces IOL, but also because it may improve hematopoietic function by increasing hemoglobin or diminishing requirement of RBC transfusions. To assess the utility, efficacy and safety of the different iron chelation medication approved in Germany as well as to examine the effect of chelation on hematopoietic insufficiency, a prospective, multicenter, non-interventional study named EXCALIBUR was designed. In total, 502 patients from 106 German hospitals and medical practices were enrolled. A large proportion of patients switched from deferasirox dispersible tablet to deferasirox film-coated tablet, mainly due to more convenient application which was reflected in the treatment satisfaction questionnaire for medication scores. Iron chelation was effective in lowering serum ferritin levels, with the observed adverse drug reactions being in line with the known safety profile. Hematologic response occurred in a few patients, comparable to other studies that examined hematologic improvement in patients with MDS.
Annual Cycle of Total Ozone Content in the Southern Hemisphere Using the Chemistry-Climate Model SOCOLv3
Authors: Zubov Vladimir , Mironov Andrey , Egorova Tatiana , Rozanov Eugene
Published: September 2023

Several chemistry-climate models (CCM) underestimate the total column ozone (TCO) over the polar region in the Southern Hemisphere during wintertime. To evaluate potential causes of the problem, we exploit CCM SOCOLv3 to study the TCO over Antarctica sensitivity to the: (1) photo-dissociation rates of ozone for large solar zenith angles; (2) rates of the stratospheric heterogeneous reactions, and (3) intensity of the meridional flux into the polar regions due to sub-grid scale mixing processes in the model. Comparisons of the model results with the satellite-based IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounder Interferometer) sensor measurements showed that the most important processes for the improvement of the polar ozone simulation results are photolysis and horizontal mixing. The reasonable tuning of these factors has allowed us to improve the model representation of the ozone annual cycle over the southern polar region. The proposed increase of the horizontal mixing can be recommended for the CCMs with relatively low horizontal resolution.
Prechemotherapy Transperitoneal Robotic‐Assisted Partial Nephrectomy (RAPN) for a Wilms Tumor: Surgical and Oncological Outcomes in a Four‐Years‐Old Patient
Authors: Della Corte Marcello , Cerchia Elisa , Oderda Marco , Quarello Paola , Fagioli Franca , Gontero Paolo , Gerocarni Nappo Simona
Published: September 2023

Background: Wilms tumor (WT) is the main renal tumor in children. SIOP-UMBRELLA Guidelines admit Nephron sparing surgery (NSS) in syndromic patients, and in small (<300 ml) nonsyndromic unilateral WTs, without lymph node involvement, and with a substantial expected remnant renal function, after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We report our prechemotherapy transperitoneal robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) in a unilateral non-syndromic Wilms tumor. Methods: A 6-year-old-child showed an exophytic 3.6 cm diameter solid rounding mass involving the upper right renal pole at an incidental abdominal echotomography. CT-scan and abdominal MRI proved no local infiltration neither lymph node involvement was appreciated, suggesting an exophytic mass easily resectable through a NSS robotic approach, with a low risk of rupture and no subverted renal anatomy. The preoperative imaging was not suggestive for WT. A virtual 3D reconstruction of the tumor was performed. Results: the oncologic board approved a robot-assisted partial nephrectomy with the intraperitoneal approach. The histopathologic analysis displayed a WT. The patient underwent 10 vincristine-doses adjuvant chemotherapy. 28-months follow-up showed no tumor recurrence. Conclusions: Intraperitoneal RAPN can represent an opportunity for WT and needs to be assessed as a challenging possibility. This case suggests a potential role of prechemotherapy RAPN in the near future for highly selected patients.
Partition Dimention of Amalgamation-Side in Cycle Graph
Authors: Nanda Ananda Dwi Nabila , Hasmawati Hasmawati , Nur Muh.
Published: September 2023

The graph  is a pair of sets , where  is a finite set whose elements are called vertices, and  is the set of pairs of members of .  which is called the edge. Let  be a simple graph where . The distance between points  and  is denoted by  is the length of the shortest path between  and . Given  and there is a vertex  on the connected graph , then the distance between  and  is denoted . If  is -partition of , then the representation of  with respect to is -ordered pairs, . If the -ordered pairs  for   are all different, then the partition is called a dimension partition. The minimal -number which is the -differentiating partition of  is called the partition dimension of  and is denoted by . In this study, the partition dimensions of the sided amalgamation result will be determined on an even-order cycle graph. In determining the dimensions of the partition, characterization of the partition dimensions is used in the path graph, the lemma about the distinguishing set and the equivalence point, especially in the even-order cycle graph. The results of this study are pd(Amal(Cn,e,k)) = 3 for n≥4 ,  pd(Amal(C4,e,k))=4 for k=4 , pd(Amal(C4,e,k))=3+m for  k=2m+3 and k=2m+4  where m=1,2,3,...
Village Government Programs in Developing Qur'an Reading in Bulungihit Village, Marbau Sub-district
Authors: Suriyanti Suriyanti , Tanjung Muaz
Published: September 2023

Al-Qur'an is a way of life for Muslims, if it is abandoned then it will get lost, so it is a must for Muslims to learn and read Al-Qur'an. However, it is very unfortunate that children's interest in learning to read the Qur'an is very much this has resulted in very many adults who are still unable to read the Qur'an (illiterate). To deal with this problem, a Koran Reading Development Program was held, which is a program held by the Bulungihit Village Government through reciting activities with Ustadz/Ustadzah and teaching and learning at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. Children can get the most out of learning how to read the Al-Qur'an properly and correctly. . This study uses a qualitative method with interview techniques where the research conducts questions and answers to several community leaders such as the village head, hamlet head, MDA school head, and Ustadz/ustadzah to collect data. Based on the results of the study, it is explained that the Village Government Program is running well and experiencing developments in each period, this is enough to explain that the role played by the government is very real and sustainable. Supervision continues to be carried out routinely through reports that are made every month. With this, the program can be declared a success and the children's interest in learning to read the Qur'an is increasing and printing the recitations of the Qur'an.
Modification and Characterization of Some New Levofloxacin Heterocyclic Derivatives as COX-2 Enzyme Inhibitors and Evaluate Their Efficacy Pharmacokinetics by Molecular Docking and the Swiss ADME Studies
Authors: Rabeaa Mustafa Moaied , Khalaf Muna Ismael
Published: September 2023

من أجل التنبؤ بالنشاط المضاد للالتهابات ضد انزيمات (COX-2) وتوقع إمكاناتها المضادة للسرطان ، حضرت مشتقات جديدة 1،2،4-تريازول-5-ثايول ، أوكسادايازول   وإيمايد.  تم استخدام الخصائص الفيزيائية ، H1-NMR ، C13-NMR ، التحليل الطيفي FT-IR ، وطرق أخرى لتوصيف وتحديد المركبات المنتجة.  استندت المركبات التي تم إنشاؤها حديثًا (1-10) جزئيًا إلى الأدوية المعروفة المضادة للالتهابات الليفوفلوكساسين.  تم استخدام برنامج دراسة  ADMET السويسري لإجراء تقنيات حسابية المختص في علم الادوية والعقاقير ويصف كيفية تعامل جسم الكائن الحي مع المركبات الصيدلانية بعد تناولها وكذلك التنبؤ بالحركة الدوائية للعقاقير الجديدة و لتقييم انتقائية المركبات التي تم تحضيرها اتجاه إنزيم COX-2 أظهرت النتائج أن جميع المركبات تتوافق مع قاعدة Lipinski الصيدلانية للمركبات المحضرة. درست قيم طاقة الارتباط PLP أعلى من المركب المرجعي من خلال دراسات الالتحام الجزيئي لتفاعلات الترابط مع بروتين COX-2 للارتباط بالأحماض الأمينية في الدواء الاساسي (Levofloxacin). وكذلك تم التنبؤ عن تحسس الشحمية واستقطاب الجزيئات الصغيرة من خلال نموذج البيضة المسلوقة التي تقترح طريقة تغلغل الدماغ والامعاء بالإضافة الى النظام الغذائي لنفس الخصائص الكيميائية والفيزيائية وترجمتها المباشرة في تصميم جزيئة الدواء.
Efficient Approach for the Localization of Copy-Move Forgeries Using PointRend with RegNetX
Authors: Farhan Mahmoud H. , Shaker Khalid , Al-Janabi Sufyan
Published: September 2023

الصور الرقمية هي أحد المصادر ذات الهيمنة العالية للمعلومات والاتصالات في العصر الحديث. ولكن يمكن بكل بساطة تغيير الصورة والتعديل عليها بسبب وفرة الادوات لتحرير الصور. يمكن أن تنتقل هذه الصور التي تم التعديل عليها عبر منصات وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي للتأثير على مجموعة من الأشخاص في المجتمع وقد تكون لها آثار إيجابية او سلبية. لتلك الأسباب أصبح تطوير تقنيات اكتشاف التزوير في الصور وتحديد موقعه مسألة ذات أهمية كبيرة. تزويرالـ (CMF) Copy move هو أحد أكثر عمليات التزوير شيوعًا. في هذا النوع CMF صورة التزوير الجديدة يتم إنشاءها عن طريق نسخ جزء معين من الصورة ووضعه في مكان اخر على نفس تلك الصورة. تقترح هذه الورقة البحثية تقنية PointRend كأسلوب لتحديد موقع الـ CMF. يقدم هذا العمل أيضًا باستخدام تقنية PointRend مع نموذج أساسي أقل حجما ((RegNetX backbone كنموذج مقترح (PointRend-RegNetX) لاكتشاف مثل هذه التزويرات. من التحليل المقارن للنموذج المقترح مع النموذج القياسي الذي يستخدم النموذج الأساسي ResNet-50 على مجموعتي بيانات قياسيتين، تبين أن النموذج المقترح (PointRend-RegNetX) قد تفوق على النموذج القياسي في كلا مجموعتي البيانات MICC F-220 وMICC F-2000 للصور التي تحتوي على تزوير الـ CMF. في حالات تحديد موقع المناطق المزورة، حقق النموذج المحسن(PointRend-RegNetX)  متوسط معدل دقة  (mAP) بنسبة 88.5  % على مجموعة البيانات MICC F-220 و86.4  % على مجموعة البيانات MICC F-2000.
Water Quality Assessment of Smaquli Dam- Erbil for Drinking, Irrigation and Fish Farming
Authors: Mahmood Glena Ali , Aziz Farhad Hassan
Published: September 2023

لقد أجريت هذه الدراسة لمعرقة نوعية المياه وملائمته لمختلف الاغراض كالشرب والري وتربية السمك  في سد سماقولي وذلك بالاعتماد على مقياس نوعية وجودة المياه (WQI) بدلالة رقم مقياسى لاى استخدام مطلوب ، جمعت عينات المياه من ثمانية مواقع خلال فتره امتدت من شهر ايلول 2021 لغاية تموز 2022، حيث تم تحديد معيار جودة  او نوعية المياه (WQI) لأغراض الشرب ، وذلك بالاعتماد على أهم خمسە عشر معيارًا فيزيائيًا وكيميائيًا بما في ذلك: الأس الهيدروجين(PH)،التوصيل الكهربائي EC))، التعكرTurbidity)) ، الأكسجين المذاب DO))، الأكسجين الكيميائي الحيوي المطلوب ، القاعدية الكلية TA))، العسرة الكلية TH))، أيونات الكالسيوم والمغنيسيوم Ca & Mg ions))، الصوديومNa) )، البوتاسيوم K))، الكلوريد Cl))، النتريتNO2) )، النترات NO3)) والكبريتاتSO4) ). كما إعطيت الوزن النسبي لكل متغيراو معيار تراوحت من 1 إلى 5 بناءً على أهم متغيراو معيار ضروري واساسى للحياة المائية والاستخدام اليومى و المنزلي. أشارت النتائج الدراسة إلى أن مياه سد سماقولي بمدخله ومخرجه صالحة للشرب بعد اجراء المعالجة التقليدية، اذ تراوحت نتائج (DWQI) لجميع المواقع بين ( 68.11إلى 83.93)، اما بالنسبة لمؤشر جودة او نوعية مياه الري (IWQI)، تم  تحليل العينات المدروسة  لمحتويات EC ونسبة امتصاص الصوديوم (SAR) والصوديوم (Na + 1) والكلوريد (Cl-1) وبيكربونات(HCO3).كما تراوحت نتائج (IWQI) من (68.84 إلى 70.20)، وهذا يدل الى أن عينات المياه تقع ضمن فئة الحصر المنخفض (LR) والمتوسط (MR) لأغراض الري. واخيرا  سبع معايير استعملت  شملت: الأس الهيدروجيني(PH)، التعكر (Turbidity) ، المواد الصلبة الذائبة (TDS)، الأكسجين المذاب (DO) ، القاعدية الكليةTH) ) والنتراتNO3) ).   لتقييم نوعية وملائمة مياه  سد سماقولى لتربية الاسماك بالاعتماد على محدودية  المعيارى لكل وحدة من تلك المعاييرز أشارت النتائج لتلك المعايير فى جميع المواقع إلى أن المياه  ملائمة ضمن محدودية المعايير لتربية الاسماك باستثناء  معيارالعسرة الكلية TH..
Simultaneous spectrophotometric method for determination of both ciprofloxacin and cephalexin by using H-point standard addition method
Authors: Sadiq Kawther Ahmed , Mezaal Elham N. , Mohammed Maha A. , Hassan Dheefaf F.
Published: September 2023

طريقة سهلة وبسيطة ودقيقة لتقدير السبروفلوكساسين  في وجود السيفاليكسين او العكس بالعكس في خليط منهما. طبقت الطريقة المقترحة بطريقة الاضافة القياسية لنقطة بنجاح في تقدير السبروفلوكساسين بوجود السيفاليكسين كمتداخل عند الاطوال الموجية 240-272.3 نانوميتر وبتراكيز مختلفة من  السبروفلوكساسين 4-18 مايكروغرام . مل-1 وكذلك تقدير السيفاليكسين بوجود السبروفلوكساسين الذي يتداخل باطوال موجية 262-285.7 نانوميتر وبتراكيز مختلفة من السيفاليكسين 6-18 مايكروغرام . مل-1  في مزيج لهما. اظهرت النتائج عدم وجود اي تداخلات من قبل المواد المضافة التي تحتويها الادوية على هذه المركبات وضمن حدود كشف  السبروفلوكساسين يساوي 0.1732 مايكروغرام . مل-1  وعقارالسيفاليكسين  يساوي 0.4620  مايكروغرام . مل-1 . الانحراف القياسي النسبي المئوي اقل من 2% . تم تطبيق الطريقة بنجاح لتقدير العقارين في بعض المستحضرات الصيدلانية. تعتبر الطريقة المقترحة من الطرق القليلة التكلفة وعدم حاجتها الى ادخال الادوية في سلسلة من التفاعلات وتثبيت لظروف التفاعل لغرض تقديرها وانما تتم عن طريق تقدير الدواء بعد اذابته مباشرة في الماء المقطر بوجود العقار الاخر معه في مزيج وتعتبر من الطرق الناجحة في التقدير خاصة للادوية المتقاربة في طيف الامتصاص لها والتي من غير الممكن ايجاد طرق لفصل الدوائين وتقديرهما بصورة ادق من هذه الطريقة المقترحة دون التداخل وتاثير احدهما على الاخر. الطريقة المقترحة في هذا البحث كانت ناجحة في تقدير كل من السبروفلوكساسين والسيفاليكسين في مزيج لهما دون تداخل دواء مع الاخر.
The Importance of Anthropogenic Influence in Assessing the Ecological Condition of Cities in Uzbekistan (in the Case of Navoi)
Authors: Latipov Normurod Faxriddin o’g’li , Komilova Nilufar Karshiboevna
Published: September 2023

يعتبر إنشاء سلسلة من الخرائط ، وتجميع المؤشرات البيئية ، وتقييم الحالة البيئية للمدن من المهام البحثية وثيقة الصلة بالموضوع. إن تزايد عدد السكان في المدن ، وإنشاء العديد من المؤسسات الصناعية والإنتاجية ، واستخدام المركبات ، كلها عوامل تساهم في تدهور البيئة. منطقة نافوي هي وحدة إدارية شابة تقع في وسط أوزبكستان. أما فيما يتعلق  بالتنمية الصناعية فمنطقة نافوي هي الأولى بين الوحدات الإدارية في الجمهورية. يشكل الإنتاج في مدنها ، وخاصة الإنتاجية العالية للمؤسسات الصناعية الثقيلة ، والمشاكل البيئية بأشكال مختلفة بسبب الضغط البشري على البيئة الطبيعية ، وصحة السكان - الأمهات والأطفال وكبار السن - تهديدًا خطيرًا. نتيجة للضغط البشري المرتفع ، تتناقص المساحات الخضراء النظيفة بيئيًا. تحتل حصة صغيرة جدًا مقارنة بالمساحة الإجمالية. وهذا بدوره يمكن أن يسبب ضغوطًا بيئية في المدن الإقليمية الواقعة في المناطق القاحلة ، ويسبب فقدان المساحات الخضراء. إن توقع مثل هذه العواقب ومكافحتها أمر مهم بشكل خاص اليوم. تحلل هذه المقالة الظروف البيئية في منطقة نافوي ومدنها ، بالإضافة إلى العامل الأكثر أهمية الذي يؤثر عليها ، التأثيرات البشرية. تم تصنيف الأراضي لمنطقة المدينة بالإضافة إلى الاقتراحات والتوصيات. لهذا ، قمنا بتحليل وتجميع التصنيف الهيكلي لمنطقة المدن الإقليمية. نتيجة لأبحاثنا ، يمكننا أن نرى أن المخاطر البيئية عالية. في هذه المقالة ، تتم تغطية المعلمات الرئيسية للدراسة بحسابات دقيقة.
Experimental Study on Displacement Characteristics and Water/Air Ratio Limit for Wet In-Situ Combustion in Ultraheavy Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Liu Bingyan , Xi Changfeng , Liang Jinzhong , Liu Pengcheng , Zhao Fang , He Houfeng , Hua Daode , Liu Fengchao
Published: September 2023

An ultraheavy oil block is undergoing a dry in-situ combustion field test in the Xinjiang oil fields, China. However, this method faces the problems of high air/oil ratio and low oil production rate. Researchers are exploring the feasibility of using wet in-situ combustion to improve economic efficiency and oil production rate. For this purpose, it is necessary to study the displacement characteristics and the water/air ratio (WAR) limit of wet in-situ combustion in ultraheavy oil reservoirs. In this study, we investigated the differences in displacement characteristics between wet and dry in-situ combustion by conducting 1D combustion model tests. The results show that wet in-situ combustion can transfer heat from the burned zone to the vicinity of the combustion front, forming a high-temperature area upstream and a steam zone downstream. The length of the high-temperature area reflects the stability of the wet in-situ combustion, and the length of the steam zone reflects the amount of heat that contributes to the oil displacement. We also designed a wet in-situ combustion experiment with a variable WAR to study the WAR limit. We found that wet in-situ combustion has three critical WARs in ultraheavy oil reservoirs—optimal, maximum, and minimum. If the WAR is too small, the effect of wet in-situ combustion will not be obvious enough. If the WAR is too large, it may affect the stability of the combustion. The length of the high-temperature area and the steam zone can be used to determine these three WAR limits. For the experimental crude oil, the optimal WAR was 8.182×10-3 m3/m3(st) at a ventilation intensity of 20 m3/(m2·h), which resulted in a high-temperature area of 20.8 cm and a steam zone of 41.6 cm in length. The maximum and minimum WARs were 13.636×10-3 m3/m3(st) and 2.727×10-3 m3/m3(st), respectively.
Rainfall Variability and Trends Analysis in the Sorghum Growing Semi-Arid Rift Valley of Ethiopia
Authors: Edao Agere Lupi , Dechassa Nigussie , Merga Feyera , Alemayehu Yibekal , Mesfin Tewodros
Published: September 2023

In Ethiopia, 60% of the land is covered by sorghum, and the climate affects the major producing regions.The objective of this work was to assess variability and trends of rainfall in the semi-arid Rift Valley of Ethiopia. 40 years of rainfall data were analyzed for 11 stations. The selected parameters were analyzed for rainfall variability and trend analysis was performed following Mann–Kendall methods. The start and end of the growing season, length of the growing period, and dry spells were analyzed for the stations. The results showed in all the locations was the highest mean monthly rainfall recorded in July, and August then followed by September. Compared to the longest rainy period (52.3–70.8%), the short rainy period (19.4–33.2%) contributes less rainfall to the annual rainfall which was also associated with high inter-seasonal variability (CV ranged from 31.5 to 88%) short rain season. PCI value in studied regions in all stations showed the existence of high concentration in seasonal rainfall distribution. Sen’s slope for NRVE, ERVE, and CRV increases by 0.02-0.81, 0.05-0.71, and 0.02-0.81 mm/yr. in September. Rainfall from 0.31-2.76 mm/yr. decreases to a 0.19-5.12 mm/yr increase in the short and main seasons. Rainfall has increased in some stations (from 0.042 to 3.88 mm/yr.) but decreased in five stations (1.29 to 3.71 mm/yr.). Stations with different rainfall onset and CV (4.9%–16.6%) have varying rainy seasons (24 to 200 days), which affect crop yield. Longer periods lower the risk; it rains every 90 days for crops. Optimize management based on LGP and rainfall variations at stations. Climate change risks crop yields. Consider early crops and rainwater collection.
Hinterland Ecosystem Services Supply for Urban Residents: Application of Heckmans Two Stage Model for Contingent Valuation Study in Mekelle City
Authors: weldegebriel Shishay
Published: September 2023

Ecosystems provide a slew of benefits, ranging from supporting social and economic growth to mitigating and adapting to climate change. Hinterland ecosystem services are vital for rapidly urbanizing areas, and the people who live within them. The ecosystem services used up in Mekelle city are provided from the adjacent hinterlands. The current situation indicates that the hinterland ecosystem services supply sources and willingness to pay for its sustainable provision of ecosystem services remain unknown. This study was conducted to provide policy decision making and achieve an improved understanding of the causal relationships between the urban residents' willingness-to pay and hinterland ecosystem services sources. Household survey with 384 urban residents from seven Mekelle’s sub-cities was conducted. The study applied Heckman’s two stage model using STATA to analyze the factors affecting the residents’ WTP. To study hinterland ecosystem services satellite images were used and were analysed using ERDAS imagine 15 and ArcGIS 10.5.1. The results showed that 91.7% of the surveyed respondents are willing to pay for hinterland ecosystem services supply and had an average WTP of 2.21 USD per month. This could additionally enhance the perceptions of urban residents on ecosystem services. The factors that significantly influence WTP include variables M1(years of stay in Mekelle city), M2(Sex), occupation(M9), income (M10), family size(M11), water quantity (M12), water reliability(M13) and ecosystem services value recognition(M15).With regard to payout levels, the influencing factors include M1(Years of stay in Mekelle city), M2(sex), M9(Occupation), M10(Monthly income of your household), M11(Family size), M12(Water quantity), M13(Water reliability) and M15(Ecosystem services value recognition) are significantly related to WTP and payout levels. The results of this empirical study could help policy makers to understand better the ways to enhance ecosystem services supply for urban areas from hinterland ecosystem services and to identify effective policy instruments.
The initial study on the benefits of flushing with Lemuru fish oil as a source of DHA and EPA on the performance of reproductive parameters in Garut ewes
Authors: Nurlatifah Aeni , Herdis Herdis , Arifiantini Iis , Khotijah Lilis , Maidin Mashitah Shikh , Astuti Dewi Apri , Sitaresmi Pradita iustitia , Priyatno Tri Puji , Lestari Puji , Santoso Santoso , Pamungkas Fitra Aji , Hafid Anita , Adiati Umi
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to evaluate and analyze the effects of a flushing diet containing DHA and EPA from Lemuru fish oil on the reproductive performance parameters of Garut ewes. Forty (n = 40) primiparous Garut ewes aged 12–14 months with a body weight of 28.92 ± 4.94 kg were assigned into four experimental treatment groups. The experimental diets contained roughage : concentrate (30:70%) designated as control concentrate (CNT), flushing concentrate with 6% palm oil (PO), flushing concentrate with 3% palm oil mixed with 3% lemuru oil as DHA and EPA sources (PFO), and flushing concentrate with the addition of 6% lemuru oil (FO). Treatment animals were fed two weeks before and after conception and parturition (8 weeks of total flushing treatment). The addition of fish oil at either 3% (PFO) or 6% (FO) resulted in significantly higher reproductive performance of ewes by increasing the litter size, as reflected by the birth of multiple kids (P < 0.05) compared to CNT and PO. Adding fish oil (PFO and FO) also maintains gestation, resulting in increased kid yield, especially in the FO treatment, which yields the highest kid yield (0% single kid birth). The male ration lamb was also higher with fish oil supplementation (PFO and PO) (P < 0.05). Supplementation with fish oil could also maintain progesterone levels during the gestation period and some biochemical blood parameters. This study showed that using Lemuru fish oil 6% (FO) with a concentration of 1.34% DHA and EPA overall led to significantly higher reproductive performance in Garut sheep.
Society and Sexuality, An Experience of Support Group in a Psychiatric Hospital
Authors: CHAUMARTIN Nadia , Blacioti Elena
Published: September 2023

Objective: Describing our experience of a discussion group on sexuality for psychiatric inpatients.
Method: Alternating women, men and mixed sessions, to present the anatomy, the sexual physiology and open up a debate around psychosexuality and society.
Results: The women's group themes highlight the link between the sexuality and the female status in society. The men’s group themes concern the functional disorders around sexuality and the side effects of psychotropic drugs. The mixed group shows interest in informing the other gender of their needs and expectations. The mixed group also aims to receive non-binary patients.
Discussion: We see heterogeneity in the groups, gender differences and complementarity between men and women in the way they evoke their sexual and emotional life, and their relationship with sexual pleasure. The patients share their intimacy around emotional or sexual traumatic experiences. The themes highlight a sexuality under predominantly narcissistic traits, characteristic of narcissistic disorders/ borderline states or psychotic disorders. The group functions, as a therapeutic group providing psychological security. The physician-psychologist pair supports the links between biology and psyche regarding sexuality. A direct exchange and analysis between the caregivers after every session supports the idea that this group on «Society and sexuality» is not only a method of expanding knowledge for both, ourselves, and the patients, but also a method of treatment, because we witness transformations on an individual level and on a group psychic work level.
Conclusion: A psycho educational and therapeutical speech group about society and sexuality in a psychiatric hospital generates dialogue that is part of global patient care.
Politicization Undermines Trust in Institutions, Even Among the Ideologically Aligned Public
Authors: Clark Cory , Isch Calvin , Everett Jim , Shariff Azim
Published: September 2023

Six studies (five preregistered; total n = 5,925 U.S. adults), testing 40 institutions (e.g., journalists, the World Health Organization, police officers) and 30 academic disciplines (e.g., economists, psychologists, public health) found that perceived politicization—the extent to which political values impact an institution’s work—was associated with lower trust, lower willingness to defer to expertise, lower financial support, and greater skepticism. Institutions and disciplines perceived as the most politicized were also overwhelmingly the least trusted (Studies 1 & 4). Experimental evidence indicated that increasing politicization of a particular organization (e.g., Economics Professors of America) not only caused these negativeoutcomes, but also undermined trust toward entire broader professional groups (e.g., all economists in general; Studies 3 & 5). These negative relationships were observed among both participants who shared and opposed the institution’s ideological slant. In other words, both left- and right-leaning participants were less trusting of both left- and right-leaning institutions that appeared more politicized.Attempts to experimentally decrease perceived politicization mostly failed (Studies 2a, 2b & 5).Although institutions may have important and instrumental reasons for taking political stances, these data reveal that there are costs in trust and support among the entire ideological spectrum of the public.
Frugivores enhance potential carbon recovery in fragmented tropical landscapes
Authors: Bello Carolina , Crowther Thomas , Ramos Danielle , Moran Teresa , Dent Daisy
Published: September 2023

Forest restoration is fundamental to overcoming biodiversity crises and climate change. However, restoration success remains challenging. In tropical forests, animals can improve forest recovery as they disperse > 70% of tree species. Until now, representing animals in restoration and climate change policies remains challenging because we lack a quantitative assessment of their contribution to forest and carbon recovery. Here, we used individual-based models to assess frugivore-mediated seed rain in open areas along a fragmentation gradient. Movements of large birds were limited in landscapes with > 40% forest cover, although small birds continued to disperse seeds. Large birds disperse seeds from late-successional species with higher carbon-storage potential. Therefore, their restricted movement reduced by 35% the potential carbon that can be absorbed. Maintaining forest cover > 40% is essential to optimize animals' contribution to restoration success. In contrast, active restoration (e.g., planting trees) is required in fragmented landscapes to achieve carbon and biodiversity targets.
Anomalous latitudinal gradients in parasitoid wasp diversity - hotspots in regions with larger temperature range.
Authors: Castellanos-Labarcena Jessica , Steinke Dirk , Adamowicz Sarah
Published: September 2023

Parasitoid wasps are among the shortlist of taxa showing an anomalous latitudinal diversity gradient. Using the largest georeferenced molecular dataset, we used a macrogenetics approach to explore the spatial relationship between intra- and interspecific levels of diversity and potential environmental variables influencing the anomalous diversity pattern. Nucleotide diversity values were consistently higher at temperate latitudes, peaking at 50 degrees. We found a positive but weak relationship between intraspecific diversity and the latitude, between intra- and interspecific diversity, and a significant positive effect of the temperature range. Examining the spatial relationship between these levels of biodiversity and its drivers is particularly relevant considering climate change and its impact on species distribution. Yet, in insects, it has been challenging to integrate ecological, evolutionary, and geographical components when analyzing the processes leading to species richness gradients. Our study demonstrates how macrogenetics analyses of large-scale patterns of diversity provide insights into potential causes.
Impact of school pedagogy on the spatiotemporal brain network dynamics of students
Authors: Zanchi Paola , Mullier Emeline , Fornari Eleonora , de Dumast Priscille , Gomez Yasser Aleman , Ledoux Jean-Baptiste , Beaty Roger , Hagmann Patric , Denervaud Solange
Published: September 2023

Across development, experience has a strong impact on the way we think and adapt. School experience affects academic and social-emotional outcomes, yet the extent to which pedagogy modulates underlying brain network development is still unknown. In this study, we compared brain network dynamics of students with different pedagogical backgrounds. Specifically, we characterized the diversity and stability of brain activity at rest by combining both resting-state fMRI and diffusion-weighted structural imaging data of 87 4-18 years-old students experiencing either the Montessori pedagogy (i.e., student-led, trial-and-error pedagogy) or the traditional pedagogy (i.e., teacher-led, test-based pedagogy). Our results revealed spatiotemporal brain dynamics differences between students as a function of schooling experience at the whole-brain level. Students from Montessori schools showed overall higher functional integration (higher system diversity) and neural stability (lower spatiotemporal diversity) compared to traditionally-schooled students. Higher integration was explained mainly through the cerebellar (CBL) functional network, while higher temporal stability was observed in the ventral attention (VA), dorsal attention (DA), somatomotor (SM), frontoparietal (FP), and CBL functional networks. This study suggests a form of experience-dependent dynamic functional connectivity plasticity, in learning-related networks.
Emotional and behavioural difficulties among children and adolescents attending “ART Teen Clubs” in Mzuzu City in northern Malawi: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Kaseka Paul Uchizi , Zgambo Maggie , Mbakaya Balwani Chingatichifwe , Lazarus Mathews , Nkhata Obed , Kalambo Fatch W.
Published: September 2023

Background
While triple anti-retroviral therapy (ART) has improved HIV-infected children surviving into adolescence and adulthood, these children remain vulnerable to HIV-related psychological disturbance due to both the direct HIV infection effects on the brain and indirect effects related to coping with a range of medical, psychologicaland social stresses associated with HIV, which makes it vital to identify their mental health needs. This study assessed the emotional and behavioural challenges of HIV perinatally infected children and adolescents with a completed disclosure process attending “ART teen club” in Malawi
Methods
A cross-sectional descriptive study design was conducted to obtain quantitative descriptive descriptions of emotional and behavioural challenges among HIV-infected children and adolescents between 10 and 22 years of age. They were interviewed on their family socio-demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics as well as emotional, conduct, hyperactivity, peer and prosocial problems using the Chichewa version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and logistic regression.
Results
Based on the four-band categorization of the SDQ, higher scores for total difficulties score were observed in 72.9% of the children. According to the subscales of the SDQ, results show that children had higher scores in peer problems (62.8%), emotional (68.2%), conduct (68.6%) and prosocial (57.8%) subscales while lower scores were identified in the hyperactivity (16.6%) subscale. Results show that within each level, males are having lower frequencies as compared to females.
Results from multivariate binary logistic regression indicate that those with a single parent or not as well as the WHO HIV clinical stage had an impact on the mental health status of the children. Children who do not have a single parent (AOR 3.404; 95% CI:1.563-7.416, p=0.002) had 3.404 odds of having abnormal mental health status unlike those children with a single parent and children who were in WHO HIV clinical stage 2 (AOR 2.536; 95% CI:1.005-6.395, p=0.049) or 3 and 4 (AOR 8.459; 95% CI:1.5.820-10.544, p<0.001) had more odds of having the mental disorder as compared with those children in WHO HIV clinical stage 1.
Conclusion
The prevalence of emotional and behavioural difficulties among children and adolescents attending ART teen clubs is significant. Peer, emotional, and conduct problems in childhood were common, affecting emotional and behaviour difficulties. Addressing mental health needs like the provision of culturally appropriate screening guidelines, having a good viral load monitoring schedule and allocating mental health staff in the ART teen clubs may improve mental health among HIV-infected children and adolescents.
A case of short rib thoracic dysplasia-16 associated with the IFT52 c424C>T mutation
Authors: Abeyrathna Bimsara Yohan , De Silva Deepthi , Doluweera Sandya
Published: September 2023

Short rib thoracic dysplasia (SRTD) includes a group of autosomal recessively inherited skeletal ciliopathy with multiorgan involvement. It has distinctive but overlapping clinical phenotypes making the clinical diagnosis difficult. Characteristic radiological features support the clinical diagnosis. Mutations affecting 35 different genes have been identified, complicating the genetic diagnosis. We report an infant presented with respiratory distress at birth, who had features to suggest SRTD. The genetic diagnosis was made using whole-exome sequencing (WES) which revealed a mutation in the IFT52 gene, confirming the diagnosis of SRTD type 16. Same mutation was previously reported once, in an Indian child who survived infancy, suggesting phenotypic heterogeneity. This case supports the use of WES in establishing a genetic diagnosis but suggests that it is not possible to make genotype-phenotype correlations for this mutation.
The Magnitude of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting and the Associated Factors among women of reproductive age in Tanzania; Analysis of the 2015–2016 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey Data
Authors: Moshi Fabiola Vincent
Published: September 2023

Background: Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) is a public health challenge. The long-term effects of FGM/C are increased risk of cesarean section, postpartum hemorrhage, recourse to episiotomy, difficult labor, obstetric tears/lacerations, instrumental delivery, prolonged labor, and extended maternal hospital stay. The study aimed at ascertaining the magnitude of FGM/C and its associated factors among women of reproductive age in Tanzania.
Method: The study was an analytical cross-sectional study using the 2015-2016 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicators Survey. A total of 5,777 women of reproductive age who responded to the question on female circumcision were included in the study. Descriptive analysis was used to establish the magnitude of FGM/C among women of reproductive age in Tanzania. Both univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to establish.
Results: The magnitude of FGM/C was 12.1% at 95%CI of 11.3% to 13%. After adjusted for confounders, factors associated with FGM/C were marital status [married (AOR=3.141, p<0.001), living with male partners (AOR=2.001, p=0.027), widowed (AOR=2.922, p=0.03)] never in union was a reference population; wealth index [poorest (AOR=2.329, p=0.001), middle (AOR=1.722, p=0.024), richer (AOR=1.831, p=0.005)] in reference to richest women; zones [Northern zone, (AOR=91.787, p<0.001), central zone, (AOR=215.07, p<0.001), southern highlands, (AOR=12.005, p<0.001), lake zone (AOR=13.927, p<0.001), eastern zone, (AOR=24.167, p<0.001)]; place of childbirth [outside health facility (AOR=1.616, p<0.001)] in reference to health facility childbirth; parity [para 5+ (AOR=2.204, p<0.001)] para one was the reference population; and opinion on whether FGM/C stopped or continued [continued (AOR =8.884, p<0.001)]
Conclusion
FGM/C among women of reproductive age is a public health problem in Tanzania. Women who were subjected to FGM/C were those who were or ever lived with male partners, those of low wealth index, those with high parity, those living in Central, Northern, Eastern, Lake, and Southern highland zones and those in support of female circumcision should continue. The study recommends an intervention study to come up with a cost-effective strategy to eradicate FGM/C in Tanzania.