bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Breastfeeding Women in Academia
Authors: Ladores Sigrid , Debiasi Laura , Currie Erin
Published: March 2019

Breastfeeding is a reproductive right for mothers, including women in the workforce. Limited postpartum leave, reliance on expressing milk at work, and lack of access to lactation rooms pose challenges for working mothers. Specific to mothers in academia, the heavy demands of teaching, sustaining research, and attending meetings and conferences pose additional challenges. Many female academicians delay childbearing due to pressures to attain tenure as early as possible. Women who leave academic careers often do so in the early career period, which coincides with the childbearing years. Lack of support for these mothers is a social-justice issue that warrants close examination and a realignment of priorities to facilitate and ensure breastfeeding success. The following are recommendations for developing a network of support for breastfeeding mothers: (a) Improved and standardized family leave policies, (b) inclusive workplace infrastructure, (c) flexibility in work schedule and structure, (d) equal opportunity to advance on the tenure track, (e) establishment of onsite daycares, (f) supportive policies clearly communicated and enforced, and (g) change in attitude and culture.
Implementation of Pre-/Post-Weights to Enhance Direct Breastfeeding in the NICU
Authors: Juliano Gina M. , Puchalski Mary L. , Walsh Susan M.
Published: March 2019

Introduction

Mother's own milk (MOM) is recommended as the optimal nutrition for preterm infants. Direct breastfeeding (DBF) is correlated with a longer duration of receiving MOM during hospitalization. Infants' transition to DBF may be enhanced when accurate pre-/post-weights are incorporated into nursing practice. An evidence-based practice change was introduced to promote use and increase consistency in methodology of pre-/post-weights after DBF in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), with the ultimate goal of increasing DBF at hospital discharge.

Methods

The practice change was introduced through an educational program, a video demonstrating pre-/post-DBF weighing techniques, and a return-demonstration. A 10-item pre-/posttest was used to evaluate nurses' knowledge gained by an educational intervention that included seven knowledge questions, three attitude questions, and three demographic descriptors.

Results

Nurses' knowledge gained following the educational intervention was statistically significant (p < .001) using a paired t-test.

Conclusions

The use of pre-/post-DBF weights as an accurate assessment of MOM transfer can promote DBF during hospitalization through education of NICU nurses. Understanding nursing characteristics and attitudes can aid in promotion of DBF in the NICU by bedside nurses.
CAN INDONESIA INVOKE PUBLIC MORALS EXCEPTION UNDER THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (WTO) FOR PROHIBITING CROSS-BORDER GAMBLING?
Authors: Widiatedja I Gusti Ngurah Parikesit
Published: March 2019

Under the WTO, Indonesia is obliged to liberalize its markets through establishing the schedule that comprise a list of services that can be either opened or closed to foreign suppliers.  However, Indonesia’s schedule is vague as to whether gambling services are closed to foreign suppliers. Through this loophole, the practice of cross-border gambling services has been rampant, resulting in some consequences, especially those related to money laundering and underage gambling. Tackling this problem, Indonesia could apply public morals exception that allows member states to impose trade prohibition. By using public morals exception that was applied in some WTO cases, this article explores the way in which Indonesia could justify prohibiting cross-border gambling services. This article claims that Indonesia has a justification to impose public morals exception under the WTO to prohibit cross-border gambling services within its territory because the prohibition would be designed to protect public morals; it would be necessary to protect public morals; and the prohibition would equally apply  to both foreign and local suppliers in cross-border gambling services in Indonesia.
THE CONSEQUENCES OF SUPERVISORY LAW ON THE REGIONAL REGULATIONS WITH LOCAL CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Sedubun Victor Juzuf
Published: March 2019

The present study investigates the consequences of supervisory law on the regional regulations with local characteristics. The study is normative with regards to the commandment and conceptual approaches. The consequences of supervisory law on the regional regulations with local characteristics, according to Article Number 251 verse 1 and 2, are dismissed (‘vernietigbaar’). ‘Vernietigbaar’ is ‘ex nunc’ that means ‘since the moment’. As a consequence of the law, the dismissal of regional regulations is valid until it is issued by the regional government. Due to the existing supervisory law performed by the Supreme Court, the judge declares the regional regulations ‘invalid’ since they are lack of powerful relevant laws. The Regional Government took a legal action on the issue of dismissed regional regulations by submitting an objection to the Supreme Court.
HOW CAN THE EXISTENCE OF COSTUMARY LAW PROTECT THE WATER PRESERVATION IN THE TRADITIONAL VILLAGE CAU BELAYU (TABANAN)?
Authors: Wijaya Made Hendra , Sutrisni Komang
Published: March 2019

This study aims to analyze and formulate strategies for solving problems arising in the future towards the existence of natural attractions Pengempu Waterfall related to prevention of land use conversion in the tourist area of Pengempu Waterfall in the traditional village of Cau Belayu. Pengempu waterfall located in the area of Cau Belayu traditional village, Tabanan Regency, Bali Province is a new natural tourism area in the region. Besides having natural beauty that can be used as a tourist place, the Pengempu waterfall area is also a sacred area by Hindus to perform prayer activities, meditation and activities related to the spiritual. To preserve the existence of the Pengempu waterfall area so that it is not damaged by the negative impacts caused by tourism activities in the area, it is necessary to have customary law to protect the area of Pengempu waterfalls, because the existence of customary law by Balinese is very important for traditional life in Bali to organize the physical condition of the region and managing the social conditions of the community. The legal approach used in this study is an approach to the concept of legal pluralism. From the results of research that has been carried out, it was found that the existence of customary law to protect the area of Pengempu waterfall to touch the beliefs of the surrounding community in managing the Pengempu waterfall area to maintain the Pengempu waterfall area so that its sustainability has sufficiently dominant power.
Exploring the dualism of vision – visual function and functional vision
Authors: Silveira Susan
Published: March 2019

Professionals working in the field of vision impairment face high expectations from the people they support. To meet this expectation, it is critical that professionals have a broad and in-depth knowledge of vision. This paper presents an overview of the two key entities that underpin an understanding of vision – visual function and functional vision. The contemporary professional literature is reviewed to present an examination of vision as a primary and essential sense, to develop an understanding of the dual components of vision and common approaches to vision assessment, and the key models that conceptualise vision in relation to the person and their environment.
Optical control of competing exchange interactions and coherent spin-charge coupling in two-orbital Mott insulators
Authors: Barbeau Marion , Eckstein Martin , Katsnelson Mikhail , Mentink Johan
Published: March 2019

In order to have a better understanding of ultrafast electrical
control of exchange interactions in multi-orbital systems, we study a
two-orbital Hubbard model at half filling under the action of a
time-periodic electric field. Using suitable projection operators and a
generalized time-dependent canonical transformation, we derive an
effective Hamiltonian which describes two different regimes. First, for
a wide range of non-resonant frequencies, we find a change of the
bilinear Heisenberg exchange J_{\textrm{ex}}Jex
that is analogous to the single-orbital case. Moreover we demonstrate
that also the additional biquadratic exchange interaction
B_{\textrm{ex}}Bex
can be enhanced, reduced and even change sign depending on the electric
field. Second, for special driving frequencies, we demonstrate a novel
spin-charge coupling phenomenon enabling coherent transfer between spin
and charge degrees of freedom of doubly ionized states. These results
are confirmed by an exact time-evolution of the full two-orbital
Mott-Hubbard Hamiltonian.
Determinants of dividend policy
Authors: Salman Asma
Published: March 2019

Pakistan’s capital market and economy have significant features for examining the dynamics of the dividend policy. The agency conflicts between the management and the investors of the firms are main barriers to the success of the firm. The shareholder is generally taking away all the rights and similarly has a control on the decision concerning the dividend policy. The dividends are conveying better information than any other source regarding the firm’s prospects. The aim of this research is to identify and analyze the influence of shareholder preference and dividend signaling on the dividend policy of the corporations in Pakistan. The respective study presents the analysis of top financial management beliefs by taking eighty listed corporations on Pakistani stock exchanges during 2017–2018. Pearson correlation and multiple regressions are applied on responses to explore whether there is an influence regarding the shareholder preferences and the signaling mechanism on the dividend policy of the listed firms in Pakistan. Through statistical techniques the findings proved that shareholder preferences and dividend signaling have a positive and significant relationship with the dividend policy of listed corporations. Dividend policy is the response of investor preferences and signaling aspect of dividends.
Wastewater treatment and recycle from a semiconductor industry: A demo-plant study
Authors: Eng Chin Yee , Yan Dongning , Withanage Nipuna , Liang Qiyi , Zhou Yan
Published: March 2019

The objective of this study was to establish a demo-scale plant with 1,000 cubic metres per day (CMD) capacity to recycle industrial wastewater from a semiconductor industry. In this study, two wastewater streams from continuous electrodeionization (CEDI) and local scrubber (LS)/controlled decomposition and oxidation (CDO) with flow rate of 1,335 CMD and 1,012 CMD respectively were chosen to be recycled. For the CEDI reject reclaim system, boron selective resin (BSR) and activated carbon filter (ACF) were utilized to remove boron and total organic carbon (TOC) respectively. The water quality was good enough to be used as ultrapure water (UPW) supply. For the CDO reclaim system, the combination of ACF + ultrafiltration (UF) + reverse osmosis (RO) under high pH condition was implemented to recycle the local scrubber wastewater (LSW) for cooling tower top up. Product water from both treatment systems was able to meet the target water specifications. The average cost saving was S$0.91/m3 of reclaimed water produced.
Optimization of cation-doped nano-hydroxyapatite in combination with amorphous aluminum hydroxide for defluoridation
Authors: Gupta Agman , Manohar Chelli Sai , Siva Kumar Belliraj
Published: March 2019

Given widespread fluoride in the ground water, there is a need for effective defluoridation in several geographical areas. In this regard, we explored heavily doped cationic nano-composites of hydroxyapatite (HA) given its surface chemistry for adsorption of the specific anion. We synthesized and extensively characterized HA nano-rods (HA-NR), Al/Mg-HA nanocomposites and amorphous aluminum hydroxide, and optimized their efficient defluoridation. The kinetics and thermodynamics of adsorption were further evaluated to establish the mechanistic rationale and its spontaneity. We report the optimized ideal adsorbents for the near-total removal of fluoride that demonstrated 99.99% and 99.98% efficiency with adsorption capacities of 83.3 and 81.3mg/g respectively. The adsorbent composites were (Mg-HA)-Al(OH)3 and (HA-NR)-Al(OH)3 in 1:1 ratio. The optimal conditions for defluoridation were 25mg of adsorbent in 25ml (10mg/L) fluoride solution at room temperature agitated for 10h in the pH range of 4.88–7.20.
Primera época - Año X ,Número 29, julio-diciembre de 2008
Authors: De San Luis Revista de El Colegio
Published: March 2019

Este número corresponde  a la primera época de la Revista de El Colegio de San Luis, denominado VETAS.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Adenosine Receptors: Advances, Applications and Trends
Authors: Al-Shar'i Nizar A. , Al-Balas Qosay A.
Published: March 2019

:

Adenosine receptors (ARs) are transmembrane proteins that belong to the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) superfamily and mediate the biological functions of adenosine. To date, four AR subtypes are known, namely A1, A2A, A2B and A3 that exhibit different signaling pathways, tissue localization, and mechanisms of activation. Moreover, the widespread ARs and their implication in numerous physiological and pathophysiological conditions had made them pivotal therapeutic targets for developing clinically effective agents.

:

The crystallographic success in identifying the 3D crystal structures of A2A and A1 ARs has dramatically enriched our understanding of their structural and functional properties such as ligand binding and signal transduction. This, in turn, has provided a structural basis for a larger contribution of computational methods, particularly molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, toward further investigation of their molecular properties and designing bioactive ligands with therapeutic potential. MD simulation has been proved to be an invaluable tool in investigating ARs and providing answers to some critical questions. For example, MD has been applied in studying ARs in terms of ligand-receptor interactions, molecular recognition, allosteric modulations, dimerization, and mechanisms of activation, collectively aiding in the design of subtype selective ligands.

:

In this review, we focused on the advances and different applications of MD simulations utilized to study the structural and functional aspects of ARs that can foster the structure-based design of drug candidates. In addition, relevant literature was briefly discussed which establishes a starting point for future advances in the field of drug discovery to this pivotal group of drug targets.
Correlation between in vitro and in vivo Data of Radiolabeled Peptide for Tumor Targeting
Authors: Farzipour Soghra , Hosseinimehr Seyed Jalal
Published: March 2019

Tumor-targeting peptides have been generally developed for the overexpression of tumor specific receptors in cancer cells. The use of specific radiolabeled peptide allows tumor visualization by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) tools. The high affinity and specific binding of radiolabeled peptide are focusing on tumoral receptors. The character of the peptide itself, in particular, its complex molecular structure and behaviors influence on its specific interaction with receptors which are overexpressed in tumor. This review summarizes various strategies which are applied for the expansion of radiolabeled peptides for tumor targeting based on in vitro and in vivo specific tumor data and then their data were compared to find any correlation between these experiments. With a careful look at previous studies, it can be found that in vitro unblock-block ratio was unable to correlate the tumor to muscle ratio and the success of radiolabeled peptide for in vivo tumor targeting. The introduction of modifiers’ approaches, nature of peptides, and type of chelators and co-ligands have mixed effect on the in vitro and in vivo specificity of radiolabeled peptides.
Combating Diseases with Computational Strategies Used for Drug Design and Discovery
Authors: Makhouri Farahnaz R. , Ghasemi Jahan B.
Published: March 2019

Computer-aided drug discovery (CADD) tools have provided an effective way in the drug
discovery pipeline for expediting of this long process and economizing the cost of research and development.
Due to the dramatic increase in the availability of human proteins as drug targets and small
molecule information due to the advances in bioinformatics, cheminformatics, genomics, proteomics,
and structural information, the applicability of in silico drug discovery has been extended. Computational
approaches have been used at almost all stages in the drug discovery pipeline including target
identification and validation, lead discovery and optimization, and pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiles
prediction. As each area covers a variety of computational methods, it is unmanageable to assess comprehensively
all areas of CADD applications or every aspect of an area in one review article. However,
in this article, we tried to present an overview of computational methods used in almost all the areas
concerned with drug design and highlight some of the recent successes.
Targeting DNA Gyrase to Combat Mycobacterium tuberculosis: An Update
Authors: Das Swetarka , Garg Tanu , Srinivas Nanduri , Dasgupta Arunava , Chopra Sidharth
Published: March 2019

DNA gyrase is a clinically validated drug target, currently targeted only by fluoroquinolone class of antibacterials. However, owing to increasing drug resistance as well as a concomitant reduction in the availability of newer classes of antibiotics, fluoroquinolones are increasingly being over-utilized in order to treat serious infections, including multi-drug resistant tuberculosis. This, in turn, increases the probability of resistance to fluoroquinolones, which is mediated by a single amino acid change in gyrA, leading to class-wide resistance. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent progress in identifying novel scaffolds which target DNA gyrase and provide an update on their discovery and development status.
How Cancer Cells Resist Chemotherapy: Design and Development of Drugs Targeting Protein-Protein Interactions
Authors: Tarasov Vadim V. , Chubarev Vladimir N. , Ashraf Ghulam Md , Dostdar Samira A. , Sokolov Alexander V. , Melnikova Tatiana I. , Sologova Susanna S. , Grigorevskich Ekaterina M. , Makhmutovа Alfiya , Kinzirsky Alexander S. , Klochkov Sergey G. , Aliev Gjumrakch
Published: March 2019

Background:

Resistance toward chemotherapeutics is one of the main obstacles on the way to effective cancer treatment. Personalization of chemotherapy could improve clinical outcome. However, despite preclinical significance, most of the potential markers have failed to reach clinical practice partially due to the inability of numerous studies to estimate the marker’s impact on resistance properly.

Objective:

The analysis of drug resistance mechanisms to chemotherapy in cancer cells, and the proposal of study design to identify bona fide markers.

Methods:

A review of relevant papers in the field. A PubMed search with relevant keywords was used to gather the data. An example of a search request: drug resistance AND cancer AND paclitaxel.

Results:

We have described a number of drug resistance mechanisms to various chemotherapeutics, as well as markers to underlie the phenomenon. We also proposed a model of a rational-designed study, which could be useful in determining the most promising potential biomarkers.

Conclusion:

Taking into account the most reasonable biomarkers should dramatically improve clinical outcome by choosing the suitable treatment regimens. However, determining the leading biomarkers, as well as validating of the model, is a work for further investigations.
An UPLC-MS/MS Method for Routine Quantification of Insulin Degludec in Plasma
Authors: Zhang Yudong , Jiang Yue , Wang Ya , Wang Ling , Han Weijie , Cheng Xiaoyi , Deng Xue , Qin Chunmeng , Liu Yan
Published: March 2019

Background:

Chromatographic methods for determination of insulin degludec in rabbit
plasma by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry were developed.

Methods:

Analytes were eluted from Waters ACQUITY UPLC® Peptide BEH C18 (2.1×50mm, 300Å)
column with a mobile phase of water containing 0.1% formic acid (A) and acetonitrile containing 0.1%
formic acid (B). Quantitation of insulin degludec was performed using 1222.06 > 641.24 m/z on Multiple-
Reaction Monitoring (MRM) mode.

Results:

Good linearity was observed in the concentration range of 500-50000 ng/mL (r >0.99), and the
lower limit of quantification was 500ng/mL. The within-run and between-run precision (expressed as
relative standard deviation, RSD) of insulin degludec were ≤ 14.16% and ≤ 13.64% respectively, and
the accuracy was within 94.37-96.35%. The recovery and matrix effects were both within acceptable
limits.

Conclusion:

This method was successfully applied for the pharmacokinetic study of insulin degludec
in rabbit after subcutaneous administration.
Molecularly Imprinted Electrochemical Sensors: Analytical and Pharmaceutical Applications Based on Ortho-Phenylenediamine Polymerization
Authors: Bozal-Palabiyik Burcin , Erkmen Cem , Uslu Bengi
Published: March 2019

Background:

The molecular imprinting technique has been applied in many fields including separation, artificial antibody mimics, catalysis, sensing studies, and drug delivery. The reasons for the popularity of this technique among the researchers are high selectivity due to the cavities that are formed on the polymer surface for the specific analyte, high robustness, high durability under extreme conditions and low cost. When these advantages are combined with the advantages of electrochemical methods such as rapid response time, ease of use, cheapness and miniaturizability, Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) based electrochemical sensors turn out to be a widely-preferred sensing tool.

Objective:

This article provides the reader with information on MIP-based electrochemical sensors and reviews the applications of the MIP sensors prepared by electropolymerization of orthophenylenediamine, a monomer whose mechanical and chemical stability is very high.

Results and Conclusion:

The literature survey summarized in this review shows that cyclic voltammetry is the most widely preferred electrochemical technique for electropolymerization of o-PD. The media chosen is generally acetate or phosphate buffers with different pH values. Although there are numerous solvents used for template removal, generally methanol and NaOH have been chosen.
Impairment of Quality of Life Associated With Lifetime Diagnosis of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Women - A National Survey in Italy
Authors: Sancassiani Federica , Carmassi Claudia , Romano Ferdinando , Balestrieri Matteo , Caraci Filippo , Di Sciascio Guido , Drago Filippo , Faravelli Carlo , Hardoy Maria Carolina , Moro Maria Francesca , Roncone Rita , Preti Antonio , Dell’Osso Liliana
Published: March 2019

Introduction:

The aim of the study was to measure the lifetime prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) among women of an Italian community sample, the comorbidity of PTSD with mood and anxiety disorders and the burden attributable to PTSD in worsening the Quality of Life (QoL).

Methods:

Community survey on a sample of 1961 adult women randomly selected. Tools: psychiatric clinical interview ANTAS partially derived from the SCID-DSM-IV, administered by psychologists or medical doctors; Short Form Health Survey (SF-12); Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ).

Results:

Lifetime prevalence of PTSD in women was 1.3%, (1.4% in<45 years aged, 1.3% in >44 years aged; p=0.8). In order of risk of comorbidity, PTSD was associated with: Bipolar Spectrum Disorders (MDQ+), Panic Disorders (PD) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). People with PTSD showed an SF-12 mean score lower than women of the same sample without PTSD (standardized by gender and age), with a mean difference (attributable burden) of 3.9±0.9 similarly to MDD and Eating Disorders and higher than PD. Among the analyzed nonpsychiatric diseases, Multiple Sclerosis and Carotid Atherosclerosis showed a higher burden in impairing QoL than PTSD; Wilson’s Disease showed a similar burden and Celiac Disease was found less impairing on QoL than PTSD.

Conclusion:

The attributable burden in worsening women’ perceived QoL due to a lifetime diagnosis of PTSD was found comparable to those caused by MDD, Eating Disorders or by neurological condition such as Wilson’s Disease. The comorbidity of PTSD with Bipolar Spectrum Disorders was remarkable, even further studies are needed to clarify the direction of causality.
Optimization of PV Based Standalone Hybrid Energy System using Cuckoo Search Algorithm
Authors: Tikkiwal Vinay Anand , Singh Sajai Vir , Gupta Hariom
Published: March 2019

Background:

Renewable sources of energy have emerged as a promising eco-friendly alternative
to the conventional and non-renewable sources of energy. However, highly variable and
intermittent nature of renewable sources acts as a big hurdle in their widespread adoption. Hybrid
energy systems provide an efficient and reliable solution to this issue, especially for the non-grid
connected or stand-alone systems.

Objective:

The study deals with the design and optimization of a stand-alone hybrid renewable energy
system.

Methods:

Two different configurations consisting of PV/W/B/DG have been modeled and optimized
for lower annualized cost using cuckoo search, a meta-heuristic algorithm. Analysis of these system
configurations has been carried to meet the energy demand at the least annualized cost.

Results and Conclusion:

Using a real world data for an existing educational organization in India, it
is proven that the proposed optimization method meets all the requirements of the system and
PV/B/DG configuration returns a lower annualized cost as well as leads to lower emissions.
Breakthrough in improving farmers’ income sustainably by producing Kalanamak rice
Authors: CHAUDHARY RC , YADAV SK , KUMAR SUNIL , MISHRA SB
Published: March 2019

Rice is important cereal crops cereals crop worldwide. Kalanamak is heritage rice of eastern Uttar Pradesh and valued for its aroma, taste and nutritive quality. Four improved varieties, KN3, Bauna Kalanamak 101, Bauna Kalanamak 102 and Kalanamak Kiran were released in 2010, 2016, 2017and 2018 respectively. Last three varieties yield 50% more than traditional Kalanamak KN3 and mature 10 days earlier. Normal selling price of the Kalanamak paddy ranges between Rs. 2500/- to Rs. 3500/- per quintal. Organic Kalanamak fetches 20% premium over normal Kalanamak. Summarily compared to Rs. 17,500 / ha net profit from common HYV rice, Kalanamak KN3 will give Rs. 44,375, Bauna Kalanamak Rs. 71,500 and Organic Kalanamak Rs. 92,500 per hectare net profit, hence better net profit of the farmers is assured sustainably. Kalanamak is heritage rice of eastern Uttar Pradesh and valued for its aroma, taste and nutritive quality. Its cultivation declined from 50,000 ha to less than 2,000 ha due to varietal deterioration and competition from HYV. Four improved varieties, KN3, Bauna Kalanamak 101, Bauna Kalanamak 102 and Kalanamak Kiran were released in 2010, 2016, 2017and 2018 respectively. Last three varieties yield 50% more than traditional Kalanamak KN3 and mature 10 days earlier. Normal selling price of the Kalanamak paddy ranges between Rs. 2500/- to Rs. 3500/- per quintal. In spite of MSP announced by the governments, most farmers sell their HYV paddy around Rs. 1300/- per quintal. Cost of cultivation of Kalanamak and yield the same as HYV now, farmers get three times more net profit. Organic Kalanamak fetches 20% premium over normal Kalanamak. Summarily compared to Rs. 17,500 / ha net profit from common HYV rice, Kalanamak KN3 will give Rs. 44,375, Bauna Kalanamak Rs. 71,500 and Organic Kalanamak Rs. 92,500 per hectare net profit. With the PRDF arranged contract growing, by involving farmers and marketing companies from Kharif 2018, tripling the net profit of the farmers is assured sustainably. Thus, the proverb “Paddy and Poverty go together” is a myth now.
Effect of Crop Establishment Methods and Weed Management Practices on Productivity, Soil Properties and Economics of Wheat under Rice – Wheat Cropping System
Authors: SINGH OMBIR , SINGH MOHAN , SINGH ROHITASAV
Published: March 2019

A field experiment was conducted at the Crop Research Centre of GBPUA and T, Pantnagar, Udham Singh Nagar continuous two years to study the productivity, soil properties, and economics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under different wheat establishment methods in main plots and seven weed management practices in sub plots, replicated thrice in a split plot design. Zero tilled wheat exhibited more number of spikes m-2 and more number of grains per spike was significantly higher than reduced and conventional tillage. The zero tilled wheat yielded 12.35 and 3.66 per cent higher over reduced and conventional tillage during Ist year and 11.99 and 3.09 per cent during IInd year. The bulk density of soil was higher under zero tillage than that of other tillage. The infiltration rate was significantly greater with ZT than RT and CT. The highest grain yield was obtained in two hand weedings done at 30 and 60 DAS and was at par with Isoproturon 1.0 kg ha-1 + Metsulfuron methyl 4 g ha-1 at 30 DAS and Clodinafop – Propargyl 60 g ha-1 at 30 DAS fb. Metsulfuron methyl 4 g ha-1 at 37 DAS.
Effect of levels of irrigation and nitrogen on growth, yield and nitrogen uptake in barley
Authors: KUMAR ARUN , TYAGI SHASHANK , DUBEY SANTOSH KUMAR , KUMAR SANJAY
Published: March 2019

A field experiment was conducted during rabi season at research farm of CS Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, U.P. with the objective to study the effect of irrigation and nitrogen levels on growth, yield and nitrogen uptake by barley. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications with treatments, comprising four levels of irrigation viz., I1= no irrigation, I2= one irrigation at tillering stage, I3= one irrigation at flag leaf stage and I4= two irrigations each at tillering and flag leaf stage in main plots and four nitrogen levels viz., N1= Control, N2= 30 kg ha-1, N3= 60 kg ha-1 and N4= 90 kg ha-1 in sub-plots. Results revealed that application of two irrigations first at tillering and second at flag leaf stage along with 90 kg nitrogen per hectare gives highest grain yield, straw yield, nitrogen content and nitrogen uptake by grain, straw and protein content as compared to other irrigations (no irrigation, one irrigation at tillering stage, one irrigation at flag leaf stage) and nitrogen treatments (0, 30 and 60 kg ha-1).
Improving potato production through non monetary agronomic manoeuvring
Authors: SINGH CK , SINGH ND , SINGH MK
Published: March 2019

A field experiment was conducted with an objective to improve potato production through non monetary agronomic manoeuvring during the Zaid season of 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 at three village’s viz. Audung, Seru and Namtsering in Tawang district of Arunachal Pradesh. Experiment consist of four inter row spacing and five earthing up treatments. Results revealed that growth, development, yield attributes and tuber yield was greatly influenced by the treatment under investigation. Majority of growth and yield parameters was recorded maximum with the row spacing of 40 and 30 cm inter row spacing. Significantly the highest marketable tuber yield (15.3 t/ha) was produce at 30 cm inter row spacing. Earthing up at 15 days after plant emergence resulted superior performance in most growth and yield parameters. For better potato production 30 cm intr row spacing and earthing up at 15 days after emergence can be used advocated for Tawang district (Arunachal Pradesh).
Optimization of the operational parameters of a picking-type pneumatic planter using response surface methodology
Authors: PATEL SK , BHIMANI JB , GUPTA P , YADUVANSHI BK
Published: March 2019

Singulation of seeds has been investigated extensively by researchers all over the world and a large number of precision seeding systems with design variations have been developed for different crops. A picking type metering mechanism was developed at CAET, AAU, Godhra, Gujarat, India. The performance of the picking type seed-metering device of a pneumatic planter was investigated under laboratory conditions to optimize the operating parameters for lady's finger seed. The picking of single seed the three operational parameters i.e. hole diameters for the nozzle: 1.0, 1.5, 2.5 and 3.0 mm; forward speed: 0.37, 0.56, 0.83, 1.11 and 1.30 m/s and vacuum pressure: 19.33, 39.32, 43.98, 58.64 and 68.63 kPa were selected for the study. The metering system of the planter was set to place the seed to seed spacing at 300 mm. The response surface methodology (RSM) technique was used to optimize the operational parameters of a precision planter. For optimizing the forward speed, vacuum pressure and nozzle size for developed machine was evaluated by examining the miss index, multiple index, quality of feed index and precision. The data obtained in the experiments were used to develop functions in polynomial form using multiple regression technique. The optimum value was found to be around 0.96 m/s, 36.25 kPa and 2.0 mm of forward speed, vacuum pressure and the holes diameter of nozzle, respectively. The most important variable that governs planting phenomenon is the combination of hole diameter of nozzle and vacuum pressure accounts 89.18 per cent.
Study on water requirement of rice using CROPWAT model for Lucknow division of Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Verma Amesh , Gangwar Anshu , Kumar Munish , Verma Ramesh Kumar
Published: March 2019

Due to the overuse of available water resources, it has become very important to define appropriate strategies for planning and management of irrigated farmland one of the major practices adopted by the researchers for estimating water requirement of the crop is modeling. For determination of crop evapotranspiration and yield responses to water in agro-ecological units (AEUs) of Lakhimpur Kheri, Sitapur, Lucknow, Unnao, Hardoi, Rai Bareilly district of Uttar Pradesh, CROPWAT 8.0 model is used, it includes a simple water balance model that allows the simulation of crop water stress conditions and estimation of yield reductions based on well-established methodologies. This paper is been focused on the study of water requirement for rice crop in Lucknow division of Uttar Pradesh.
Weekly Standard Kt/Vurea and Clinical Outcomes in Home and In-Center Hemodialysis
Authors: Rivara Matthew B. , Ravel Vanessa , Streja Elani , Obi Yoshitsugu , Soohoo Melissa , Cheung Alfred K. , Himmelfarb Jonathan , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar , Mehrotra Rajnish
Published: March 2019

Background and objectives

Patients undergoing hemodialysis with a frequency other than thrice weekly are not included in current clinical performance metrics for dialysis adequacy. The weekly standard Kt/Vurea incorporates treatment frequency, but there are limited data on its association with clinical outcomes.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We used multivariable regression to examine the association of dialysis standard Kt/Vurea with BP and metabolic control (serum potassium, calcium, bicarbonate, and phosphorus) in patients incidental to dialysis treated with home (n=2373) or in-center hemodialysis (n=109,273). We further used Cox survival models to examine the association of dialysis standard Kt/Vurea with mortality, hospitalization, and among patients on home hemodialysis, transfer to in-center hemodialysis.

Results

After adjustment for potential confounders, patients with dialysis standard Kt/Vurea <2.1 had higher BPs compared with patients with standard Kt/Vurea 2.1 to <2.3 (3.4 mm Hg higher [P<0.001] for home hemodialysis and 0.9 mm Hg higher [P<0.001] for in-center hemodialysis). There were no clinically meaningful associations between dialysis standard Kt/Vurea and markers of metabolic control, irrespective of dialysis modality. There was no association between dialysis standard Kt/Vurea and risk for mortality, hospitalization, or transfer to in-center hemodialysis among patients undergoing home hemodialysis. Among patients on in-center hemodialysis, dialysis standard Kt/Vurea <2.1 was associated with higher risk (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.11; 95% confidence interval, 1.07 to 1.14) and standard Kt/Vurea ≥2.3 was associated with lower risk (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.94 to 0.99) for death compared with standard Kt/Vurea 2.1 to <2.3. Additional analyses limited to patients with available data on residual kidney function showed similar relationships of dialysis and total (dialysis plus kidney) standard Kt/Vurea with outcomes.

Conclusions

Current targets for standard Kt/Vurea have limited utility in identifying individuals at increased risk for adverse clinical outcomes for those undergoing home hemodialysis but may enhance risk stratification for in-center hemodialysis.
Lived Experiences of Foreign Students towards the Development of a Language Adjustment Assessment Tool
Authors: PhDRL John Kit S. Masigan,
Published: March 2019

As part of internationalization of higher education, student mobility has expanded over the past decade. Particularly, at St. Paul University Philippines, internationalization is established by hosting foreign students from Basic Education Unit to the Graduate School. Reviewed literature shows that foreign students across countries face a range of unique acculturation difficulties brought by language difference. However, none of these focused solely on language adjustment of foreign students. The researcher considered this particular space in sociolinguistics as a potential niche to occupy, with the aim of explicating the lived experiences of foreign students to develop a language adjustment assessment tool. This study used hermeneutical phenomenology in understanding the lived experiences of foreign students on language adjustment. Considering data saturation in the qualitative phase, the researcher involved 18 college foreign students using semi-structured one-on-one interview. The data were subjected to thematic structural analysis to find emerging themes. Based on such themes, the researcher developed a language adjustment assessment tool in the quantitative phase, which was pilot-tested to 76 medical foreign students and finally administered to 51 college foreign students using purposive-convenient sampling. Cohens Kappa was used to assess the instrument’s validity while Cronbach’s Alpha for reliability. Based on the findings of the study, more enablers affecting language adjustment of foreign students were identified than constraints. Moreover, four major themes emerged including Language-related General Living Adjustments, Language-related Academic Adjustments, Language-related Socio-Cultural Adjustments, and Language-related Psychological Adjustments. The developed language adjustment assessment tool was also evaluated to be fairly valid and reliable.
Nesidioblastosis en una escolar, a propósito de un caso
Authors: Almánzar Rosario , Rosario Adonise , Díaz Zaymi , Figueroa Jiomar , Segura Massiel
Published: March 2019

Introducción: La nesdioblastosis se define como proliferación de las células endocrinas pancreáticas, que comporta alteraciones en su distribución y diferenciación. El número de los islotes de Langerhans es menor de lo normal, encontrándose las células endocrinas distribuidas, anárquicamente, por el parénquima pancreático, en forma de pequeños nidos o cordones1.

Objetivo: Describir un caso clínico de nesidioblastosis en una paciente en edad escolar,  con historia de convulsiones tonicoclónicas desde 1 año de edad, tratado con Oxcarbazepina. Presentando  hipoglucemias sintomáticas desde 1 año y medio, por lo que fue referida a la consulta de endocrinología.

Presentación del caso clínico: Paciente femenina de 7 años y 5 meses de edad cronológica, referida al departamento de endocrinología con historia de enfermedad actual, caracterizada diaforesis y mareos; presenta movimientos tónico-clónicos generalizados, retroversión ocular con pérdida del estado de conciencia (en 2 oportunidades), es trasladada a centro médico donde evidencian glucemia en 18-11-32-16 mg/dl respectivamente, colocan solución dextrosa con mejoría momentánea. Permanece por 9 días sin recuperación completa y aparecen fiebre de 3 días de evolución; Es trasladada al Hospital Infantil Robert Reid Cabral (RRC), donde se estudia y se confirman las hipoglucemias, analíticas que revelan hormonas contrarreguladoras elevadas, niveles de insulina en 2,700 mui/ml. Se estabiliza con octreotide y se decide llevar a cirugía para pancreactectomia, realizándose laparotomía abierta. Biopsia trans-operatoria reportó: hiperplasia de las células de los islotes de Langerhans. Por lo que se extirpa un 95% de tejido pancreático, presenta hiperglicemias y se inicia tratamiento con análogos de insulina de acción lenta (0.14 ud/kg/d), enzimas pancreáticas 10,000ud, 15 min previo a comidas y multivitamínicos.

Al mes de la cirugía la paciente vuelve a presentar signos de hipoglicemias, se suspende la insulina y se ingresa, se verifican las hipoglicemias y se realiza una segunda intervención quirúrgica. También se realiza excéresis de 5% de páncrea; segundada porción del duodeno, con anastomosis terminal. Actualmente responde al tx con insulina análoga.

Conclusión: La nesidioblastosis en una causa rara de hipoglucemia por hiperinsulinismo endógeno en el escolar, clínicamente es indistinguible del insulinoma; bioquímicamente es necesario documentar la hipoglucemia hiperinsulinémica durante el ayuno, el tratamiento de elección es la cirugía  y seguimiento médico a los déficits secundarios a la misma.
Research of sewage intake of small settlements in dry weather
Authors: Ivanenkо Irina I. , Senicheva Kseniya S.
Published: March 2019

Introduction. Attempts to apply classical wastewater treatment technologies to small volumes are often impossible due to the high irregularity of wastewater inflows, and fundamental fluctuations in the composition of wastewaters, which are very diverse in comparison with medium and large cities. At three sites located in the Leningrad Region, full-scale measurements of wastewater discharges from settlements with a population of 1000 people and an industrial enterprise were carried out in order to determine the irregularity coefficients of wastewater during the dry season. The irregularity coefficients used in the design practice for such objects differ greatly in their values, as determined in the process of analyzing the literature data, which, when designing head sewage treatment plants, can lead to significant errors in calculations. Materials and methods. Measurement of a daily consumption of sewage flowmeters counters, elimination of improbable values, definition of consumption in dry weather, comparison of these various objects. Results. Mathematical dependences are proposed for describing fluctuations in the daily coefficient of irregularity of waste during the year. It was proposed to describe the weekly fluctuation of expenses with the help of the weekly coefficient of non-uniformity and its values were determined for the studied objects. A method has been developed for determining estimated costs for small objects with a population of 1000 people. Conclusions. The developed technique allows to predict the size of coefficient of daily unevenness within a year in dry weather for small settlements with number of inhabitants of 1000 people and a small share of production drains. It is possible to recommend values of coefficients of week unevenness.
In vitro arrow cane (Gynerium sagitatum Aubl.) multiplication in double phase medium
Authors: Lopez D. Claudia Marcela , Suarez P. Isidro Elias
Published: March 2019

Arrow cane (Gynerium sagitatum Aubl.) is a Poaceae species used as fiber source to make traditional and valuable handmade craftsmanship by indigenous communities in Northern Colombia. Since no commercial crops are established fiber needs are taken from natural plant populations affecting ecosystem. A micropropagation protocol to clonally multiply large quantities of arrow cane plant material for planting commercial crops has been developed; however, micropropagated plants are costly compared to naturally extracted plant material. To reduce micropropagated plants costs, in the present research a double phase medium formulation along with continuous shoot culture with no periodic transfers to fresh medium was compared to semisolid medium system with subculture every four weeks with respect to  multiplication rate and costs of micropropagated plants. The results showed that continuous culture of explants with double phase medium and no periodic transfers resulted in higher multiplication rates and larger shoots compared to shoots cultured using the conventionalsemisolid medium system and transfer to fresh medium every four weeks. Plants from both, semisolid and double phase culture system, fully adapted and recovered when transferred to ex vitro conditions. The cost analysis showed that double phase cultured shoots are ≥20% less expensive.
Evaluación de materiales de encalado mediante pruebas de incubación en un oxisol de la altillanura colombiana
Authors: Castro Hugo , Guerrero Juan Carlos
Published: March 2019

Los Oxisoles comprenden una de las fronteras agrícolas más extensas del mundo; en América del Sur existen 243 millones de hectáreas, 17 corresponden a Colombia. La acidez debida al aluminio, la desbasificación y la baja disponibilidad de fósforo, constituyen los indicadores de infertilidad química más relevantes en estos suelos. El objetivo del presente trabajo, fue evaluar el efecto de materiales de encalado sobre la acidez y el mejoramiento químico de bases en un oxisol típico de sabana nativa, ubicado en la Altillanura Colombiana. Mediante un diseño experimental completamente aleatorio se definieron 13 tratamientos de incubación con tres replicaciones. Se tuvo en cuenta la caracterización química del suelo problema, al cual se incorporó 1.5t.ha-1CaCO3 equivalente utilizando diferentes materiales de encalado comerciales de EQCaCO3 conocido. A los 40 días post-incubación se evaluaron variables químicas relacionadas con la problemática de acidez (pH y concentraciones de Ca2+, Mg2+ y P). Se comprobó que los materiales encalantes usados como enmiendas simples (dolomitas calcinadas, dolomitas molidas, hidróxidos de calcio y magnesio, escorias básicas y cales vivas) presentarón efecto significativo sobre el control de la acidez y sobre el incremento en la concentración de Ca2+ y Mg2+ coloidal. Similar respuesta se obtuvo cuando los tratamientos relacionados como enmiendas simples, se mezclaron con roca fosfórica y materia orgánica (gallinaza) en relación porcentual 75:10:15respectivamente. Los hidróxidos de calcio y magnesio y las escorias básicas de siderúrgica usadas como enmiendas simples o formando parte de enmiendas complejas, ofrecieron efectos superiores en el control de acidez con respecto al resto de materiales.
The role of oﬃcials policy organizing rental of sacred land in Attica (IV century B.С.)
Authors: Bulycheva Elena Vladimirovna
Published: March 2019

The article is devoted to the question of the role of oﬃcials in the process of a lease of sacred land in Attica in the fourth century B.C, the Holy land, which was called the temenos, was received in rent, which improved the quality of its processing. The process of renting was watched by oﬃcials of the Polis - archon-basilevs, demarchos and phratriarhos, as well as representatives of religious organizations - orgeones. Oﬃcials watched the order of the organization of rent, land surveying, the process of their processing, the receipt of rental income to the insurance Treasury. They had to report on the results of their activities in a timely manner to the authorities of the policy. The people’s Assembly of the Polis together with oﬃcials took a decision on the organization of the process of renting the sacred land. All orders should be written down on a stone stele and to establish it in the center of a sanctuary on public display that testiﬁed to oﬃcial character of the transaction.