MUATAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA DAN MORAL HUKUM PUTUSAN HAKIM DALAM PERSPEKTIF MAQASID AL-SYARI’AH
Authors: Azhar Hanif Fudin 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRAK Fokus penelitian adalah aktualisasi muatan hak asasi manusia dan keadilan sebagai moral hukum yang diakomodasi melalui perspektif maqāṣid al-syarī’ah, dalam menguatkan anasir pemikiran hakim untuk mewujudkannya melalui putusan hukumnya. Adapun objek riset adalah Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 7P/HUM/2020 terkait judicial review Peraturan Presiden Nomor 75 Tahun 2019 tentang Jaminan Kesehatan. Apakah putusan a quo mengakomodasi agenda hak asasi manusia dan keadilan sebagai moral hukum yang notabene terakomodasi oleh perspektif maqāṣid al-syarī’ah? Metode penelitian ini adalah yuridis-normatif, yang bersumber dari bahan primer yaitu putusan a quo dan pemikiran Jasser Auda tentang maqāṣid al-syarī’ah, serta bahan sekunder dari beberapa referensi terkait. Tujuan penelitian adalah upaya aktualisasi muatan hak asasi manusia serta keadilan sebagai moral hukum dalam kerangka maqāṣid al-syarī’ah terhadap putusan a quo. Putusan a quo dinilai nir-signifikasi maqāṣid al-syarī’ah. Hal tersebut mengingat lingkup putusan a quo adalah hukum in concreto yang dinilai sebagai upaya positivasi aktual atas norma moral dalam masyarakat. Karena itu, muatan normanya menjunjung tinggi moral serta memperhatikan nilai-nilai hukum dan prinsip kemanusiaan. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa putusan a quo adalah wujud keadilan sebagai moral hukum, karena memuat penjaminan hak asasi manusia sebagai amanat konstitusi, sepanjang mendasarkan pada pertimbangan aspek yuridis, sosiologis, teoritis, dan historis secara inklusif, nilai-nilai hukum, serta ajaran maqāṣid al-syarī’ah. Kata kunci: maqāṣid al-syarī’ah; hak asasi manusia; jaminan kesehatan; moral hukum.  ABSTRACT The study focuses on the actualization of justice and human rights content as the moral basis of law that is accommodated through the maqāṣid al-syarī’ah perspective in strengthening the judges’ thought elements to manifest it through their legal decisions. The research’s object is the Supreme Court Decision Number 7P/ HUM/2020 regarding the judicial review of Presidential Regulation Number 75 of 2019 concerning Health Insurance. Does the decision accommodate the agenda of human rights and justice as the moral basis of law which in fact has been accommodated by the maqāṣid al-syarī’ah perspective? The method used in this research is juridical-normative which originated from primary materials, namely the aforesaid decision and Jasser Auda’s thought on maqāṣid al-syarī’ah, as well as secondary materials that are several related references. The study aims as an effort of the actualization of justice and human rights content as the moral basis of law in the maqāṣid al- syarī’ah framework towards the decision. The decision is considered as inadequate maqāṣid al-syarī'ah. Because the scope of the decision is a concrete law which is perceived as an effort of actual positivism of moral norms in society. Accordingly, its norms content upholds the moral values as well as notice of legal and humanity principle. The research concludes that the decision is a form of justice as moral basis of law because it includes human rights guarantee as a constitutional mandate as long as it depends on considerations of juridical, sociological, theoretical, and historical aspects inclusively, legal principles, also the doctrine of maqāṣid al-syarī’ah. Keywords: maqāṣid al-syarī’ah; human rights; health insurance; legal morality.