bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal Site Selection for a Solar Power Plant in Turkey Using a Hybrid AHP-TOPSIS Method
Authors: AKÇAY Merve , ATAK Mehmet
Published: December 2018

Energy is an increasing need arising from the existence of mankind.
Electricity is one of the most important secondary energy sources. Obtaining of
electricity from fossil sources leads to negative consequences such as climate
change and environmental pollution. In addition, fossil resources are not endless. For this reason, the
importance of renewable energy sources that are sustainable and not harmful to
the environment such as fossil fuels is increases for electricity generation.
In this study, electricity generation with solar power is considered. There are some
factors to achieve efficiency in the projects of obtaining electric energy with
solar energy. One of the most important of these factors is to choose the right
place. There are multiple criteria that affect the correct location selection. Multiple
criteria decision making methods are suitable for site selection studies where
there are many criteria. In this study, Konya, Karaman, Burdur, Antalya,
Mersin, Van which are fortunate cities in Turkey in terms of sunbathing are
selected as alternatives. A hybrid AHP and TOPSIS method is used to select the
best alternative according to the sub-criteria determined under the economic,
technical, social and geographical main criteria. Criterion weights are found
by the AHP method and alternatives are ranked with the TOPSIS method. The
result of the study is that
Mersin is the best alternative for solar power plant and Mersin is followed by
Karaman, Burdur, Konya, Van and Antalya respectively.
Analysis of Solar Radiation Data in Van, Turkey
Authors: UÇKAN İrfan
Published: December 2018

This work has processed, analyzed and regulated the
data comprising surface temperature, sunshine duration and global solar
radiation for the period of 1993 to 2007 in Van (38.28oN, 43.20oE).  Hourly, monthly and annual variations of
solar radiation are calculated. Furthermore, the annual variations of sunshine
duration, surface temperature and clearness index are also analyzed. Annual
average maximum global solar radiation was seen in 2000 with 19.68 MJ/m2day and
the trend of yearly series of global solar radiation increases from 1993 to
2007. The highest hourly and monthly values are 3260 kJ/m2h and 28.72 MJ/m2day,
respectively. Besides, daily monthly and annual of clearness index, hourly
frequency distribution and sunshine duration are discussed and the solar
radiation and the annual clearness index are correlated. Consequently, the Van
region has a high solar energy potential and a high frequency of clear
daylight.
Different Extraction Techniques on the Characteristic Properties of Valonea Tannin
Authors: ÖNEM Ersin , YORGANCIOĞLU Ali , YILMAZ Onur
Published: December 2018

Valonea
extract is a natural tannage widely applied in leather industry which is
produced via conventional hot water extraction method. On the otherhand more
environmental friendly methods have started to be used in extraction technology
recently. Present paper reports on the effect of different extraction methods
on the properties of valonea extracts. For this purpose, conventional solvent
extraction (CSE) (methanol/water mixture), supercritical CO2 (scCO2)
extraction and pressurized fluid extraction (PFE) (water/CO2 binary
system) techniques have been employed on valonea and the obtained extracts have
been characterized. Molecular weight of the tannins was determined by gel
permeation chromatography (GPC), particle size was examined by Malvern
Zetasizer instrument, chemical structure by Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectroscopy (FTIR). Tannin content was also examined and the results were compared
with commercial valonea extract (CVT). The results showed that especially
particle size of the tannins was affected by the applied extraction method and
the smallest particle size was obtained by PFE method as 505.3 nm compared to
commercial tannin as 983.0 nm of average particle size. PFE method was also
provided more uniform extract according to the polydispersity index values. GPC
and FTIR analyses showed slightly differences on the characteristics of tannins.
Papain Immobilization on NiFe2O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles Functionalized with Gallic Acid and Microwave Assisted Digestion of Bovine Serum Albumin
Authors: GÜY Nuray
Published: December 2018

NiFe2O4
magnetic nanoparticles were solvothermally prepared. NiFe2O4
magnetic nanoparticles were functionalized with gallic acid and then papain
immobilized on NiFe2O4 functionalized with gallic acid. The obtained samples were
characterized and the activities of free and immobilized papain were studied.
Immobilized papain showed higher and more effective activity than free papain. This
immobilized papain retained about 75.5% of its initial activity after 8 weeks
of storage at 4 °C in sodium phosphate buffer (0.1 M, pH 6.5), while the free
trypsin protected 30.5% of its initial activity during the same condition.
Furthermore, the immobilized papain protected approximately 51% of its initial
activity following the times of ten sequential reuse. Finally, the microwave
assisted digestion of bovine serum albumin was carried out for 15 s with
matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry by using free and
immobilized papain.
Visualization of Human Kidney Embryonic Cells by Acoustic Microscopy
Authors: BİLEN Bükem , PASTACİ OZSOBACİ Nural , ATES ALKAN Fatma , UNKU Mehmet Burcin
Published: December 2018

The aim of our study is to
evaluate the capability of acoustic microscopy with a high frequency transducer
for visualization of cells. Human kidney embryonic (HEK293) cells were observed
by scanning acoustic microscope (SAM). HEK293 cells cultured on cover glasses
were kept in cell culture plates. A transducer with 320 MHz center frequency
and a spot size of 4.0 µm was incorporated into SAM. Two-dimensional acoustic
images were obtained successfully to identify the morphology and the acoustic
properties of HEK293 cells and the acoustic impedance of HEK293 cells was
measured as 1.65 ±
0.02 MRayl. The same cells on cover glasses were observed also with inverted
microscope. The results in this study indicate that scanning acoustic
microscopy can be used for the determination of elastic properties of cells,
therefore for cellular mapping and molecular imaging, since it can create very
sharp images of HEK293 cells with a high frequency transducer.
Comparative Performance Analysis of Techniques for Automatic Drug Review Classification
Authors: UYSAL Alper Kürşat
Published: December 2018

This study analyses the effectiveness of six text
feature selection methods for automatic classification of drug reviews written
in English using two different widely-known classifiers namely Support Vector
Machines (SVM) and naïve Bayes (NB). In the study, a recently published public
dataset namely Druglib including drug reviews in English was utilized in the
experiments. For evaluation, Micro-F1 and Macro-F1 success measures were used.
Also, 3-fold cross-validation is preferred to perform a fair evaluation. The feature
selection methods used in the study are Distinguishing Feature Selector (DFS), Information
Gain (IG), chi-square (CHI2), Discriminative Features Selection (DFSS), Improved
Comprehensive Measurement Feature Selection (ICMFS), and Relative Discrimination
Criterion (RDC). However, experiments were performed using two settings in
which stemming was applied and not applied. Experiments indicated that ICMFS
feature selection method is generally superior to the other feature selection
methods according to the overall highest Micro-F1 and Macro-F1 scores achieved
on drug reviews. While the highest Micro-F1 score was achieved with the
combination of NB classifier and ICMFS feature selection method, the highest
Macro-F1 score was achieved with the combination of NB classifier and DFSS
feature selection method. The highest Micro-F1 and Macro-F1 scores were achieved
for the cases that stemming algorithm was not applied.
Municipal Sewage Sludge to Biodiesel as a Promising Renewable Fuel for the Future of Energy
Authors: Hatami Behnam , Sedighi Khavidak Samaneh
Published: December 2018

No abstract is available for this article.
The Importance of Using Molecular Techniques in Controlling the Quality of Meat Products
Authors: Sadat Hosseini Saeedeh , Shirdeli Mehrnoosh
Published: December 2018

No abstract is available for this article.
Apprise of Used Electrical and Electronic Equipment in Residential Houses of Citizens of Yazd City and Determination of Their Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Electronic and Electrical Waste Management
Authors: Davoudi Mahboubeh , Ebrahimi Ali Asghar , Rahaei Zohreh , Shamsi Farimah , Ghaznavi Yazdi Mansoreh , Mirshamsi Mahdieh , Abtahi Mehran , Malekahmadi Roya
Published: December 2018

Introduction: The production of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) has grown rapidly in recent years. It is necessary to determine the amount of them for its effective management. The aim of this study was to determine the amount of WEEE stored in the houses of Yazd citizens and the level of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) of citizens regarding WEEE management.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out using random sampling on 300 Yazdian citizens. To determine the amount of WEEE stored in houses and the level of KAP of people regarding WEEE, was used a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed and data analysis was performed using nonparametric tests in SPSS.
Results: The amount of WEEE in the study population was 21.8 metric tons was obtained. Of these, the highest amount of waste was related to the refrigerator with 3.9 metric tons and the highest number of used equipment stored was related to cell phone, with 285 units. The levels of knowledge (with a mean score of 5.06 ± 2.5), attitude (with a mean score of 43.37 ± 5.21), and practice (with a mean score of 10.71 ± 2.95) were respectively in moderate, good and moderate conditions.
Conclusion: Given planning by the Waste Organization leads to job creation, access to valuable raw materials, and environmental protection. With increasing knowledge about the proper use of electronic and electrical equipment, their useful life can be increased and the process of their conversion to waste can be extended.
Cost- Effectiveness Analysis of Infectious Waste Treatment Devices in Hospital
Authors: Khashij Maryam , Pakdaman Mohsen , Mehralian Mohammad , Abtahi Mehran , Mokhtari Mehdi
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Today, the infectious wastes of hospitals are considered as a public health problem. Considering the huge amounts of hazardous wastes and the disadvantages of incinerators, we need to investigate the non-combustible devices involved in biochemical treatment. This study was carried out with the aim of evaluating the cost-effectiveness of infectious wastes devices.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted to evaluate the cost-effectiveness and economic efficiency of the infectious waste devices in Yazd and Isfahan hospitals.  In this study, the total cost of infectious waste treatment systems in hospitals, the Incremental Cost Effectiveness Ratio (ICER), as well as the sensitivity rate for the reduction of infectious wastes were calculated using Treeage software version 2011. In order to calculate the cost effectiveness using the total cost and the amount of produced waste, we applied the discount rate of five percent and the useful life of 10 years for each device.
Results: Based on the results, devices A and F had the highest and the lowest total cost, respectively. In addition, autoclave D with an ICER of 257.20 was more cost effective than other devices. So, device D, with a discount rate of ±5 and a range of 244.244 - 270.06 was chosen as the best option for infectious waste disposal.
Conclusion: The results can be used to explore and outline the future prospects for choosing the best technology for treatment of infectious waste in hospitals. In other words, we have different options on different circumstances and occasions
Evaluation of Iodine in Distributed Salts in Abarkouh City in 2017-2018
Authors: Mahrokh Jalili Mahrokh , Ebrahimi Ali Asghar , Ehrampoush Mohammad Hassan , Abbasi Fariba , Hadi Eslami Eslami , Fallahzadeh Reza Ali , Shirdeli Mehrnosh , Molavi Fereshteh
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Iodine deficiency and associated disorders, which lead to a wide range of clinical manifestations, have been raised as one of the health and nutritional problems in Iran. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the amount of iodine in distributed salts in Abarkouh city in 2017-2018.
Materials and Methods: Random sampling was done by census on all 30 distributed brands in Abarkouh city in the different stores across the city. Sixty samples (30 samples after one month from the production date and 30 samples after 6 months from the production date) were collected and transferred to the laboratory. The measurement of iodine was done according to the British Pharmacopoeia recommended method. T-test was used to analyze the data.
Results: The Mean iodine concentration in the salts supplied in the Abarkouh was 29.83 ± 19.9 ppm, which was 50% less than the Iran's standard, with a statistically significant difference (P ≤ 0.001). 66.6% of the studied brands did not contain adequate iodine. Six months after production date, the average iodine amount in salts was reduced to 24.26 ± 16.94 ppm, but the reduction was not statistically significant (P = 0.224).
Conclusion: Average iodine amount in most of the salts supplied across the Abarkouh city was not acceptable and some salts lacked iodine. Therefore, careful and continuous supervision and monitoring the process of iodized salts production in factories is recommended.
Impacts of Artisanal Gold Mining on Water Quality: A Case Study of Tangandougou Commune in Sikasso Region, Mali
Authors: Keita Mahamadou Moussa , Ogendi George Morara , Owuor Owuor , Nyamao Wycliff N
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Unsustainable natural resources utilization is on the increase in the developing countries thus the ability of many local communities to meet their basic needs including food, water and shelter is jeopardized. Uncontrolled gold-mining in Sikasso region is one such an anthropogenic activity that is of great environmental concern to the local and national governments of Mali owing to its potential impacts on water quality, human health and environment. This study was conceived to assess the impacts of artisanal gold mining on water quality in Tangandougou in Sikasso region of Mali.Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, water samples were collected, processed and analyzed for heavy metals (Lead, Cadmium and Arsenic) according to APHA protocols. Measurements of physical parameters of water quality were done according to APHA protocols. Data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: There were no significant spatial differences in physical and chemical parameters (pH, Temperature, Conductivity, total dissolved solids and Salinity) of water quality amongst the sampling sites. However, the heavy metals concentrations in the sampled water exceeded WHO drinking water quality guidelines.Conclusion: It was concluded that the water of Sankarani River and its tributaries is contaminated and may cause adverse effects on human health due to biomagnification and the bioaccumulative nature of heavy metals. Therefore, the study recommends continuous monitoring of the water quality in all water sources adjacent to gold-mining areas to protect human and environmental health.
The Nature of Disposition (Fiṭrah) in Relation with Religion
Authors: BOR Adil , ŞAHİN Harun
Published: December 2018

The thought of the Qurʾān consists of certain concepts. The concept of “fitrah”, which expresses the physical and spiritual side of people, is one of crucial concepts which stands for the conception of the Qurʾān. It is for this very reason that the concept has caught the attention of scholars from the earliest times of Islam. Usually, the concept of “fiṭra” is interpreted as the religion of Islāmand the initial creation or the potential of human’s acception to religion and whether they can change or not. In this context, a connection has been established between the “word of khalqullah” in the capture of Rūm and the same word in Nisā. In this study, the essence of “fiṭrah” will be examined and the basic elements of “fiṭrah” will be elaborated on. Moreover, whether wisdom, affection, love and ugliness are among the basic components of fitrah or not will be discussed. In addition, possible connections between the verse of “Fiṭrah” and the words of “tabdīl” and “taġyīr” will be investigated.
Detection of Polymorphism on Voltage-gated Sodium Channel Gene of Indonesian Aedes aegypti Associated with Resistance to Pyrethroids
Authors: Mulyaningsih Budi , Umniyati Sitti Rahmah , Satoto Tri Baskoro Tunggul , Ernaningsih Ernaningsih , Nugrahaningsih Dwi Aris Agung
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND: Aedes aegypti is a vector of several pathogens including dengue virus. Vector control is an effective way to break the transmission but unfortunately constant use of insecticides ultimately causes vector resistance. Pyrethroids have been used for about 15 years to combat Ae. aegypti in Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. Single amino acid substitutions in the voltagegated sodium channel associated with pyrethroid resistance constitute one of the main causative factors of knockdown resistance (kdr). The aim of this study is to detect resistant status to cypermetrine and polymorphism on the voltagegated sodium channel gene of Ae. aegypti from 2 dengue endemic areas in Yogyakarta Province (Yogyakarta city and Sleman district).METHODS: Pyrethroid resistance in Ae. aegypti mosquitoes was detected by using CDC Bottle Bioassay. To detect the polymorphism on the voltage-gated sodium channel gene of Ae. aegypti analyses were conducted by using PCR and direct DNA squencing with primers AaSCF1 and AaSCR4 for S989P, I1011M (or V), L1014F sites, and AaSCF7 and AaSCR7 for the F1534C site.RESULTS: According to bioassay, the results for Ae. aegypti from Yogyakarta city (93% mortality) and Sleman district (88% mortality) suggest the possibility of resistance to cypermethrin. We observed polymorphism on voltagegated sodium channel gene on site F1534C (heterozygous).CONCLUSION: The findings provide early evidence that the use of cypermethrin (pyrethroids) in Yogyakarta city and Sleman district, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia is reducing its effectiveness to control Ae. aegypti. Recommendations include additional tests for confirmation.KEYWORDS: Aedes aegypti, dengue virus, cypermethrin, Bioassay, Yogyakarta
The Effect of Collagen Activation on Platelet Rich Plasma for Proliferation of Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts
Authors: Tangsupati Pati , Murdiastuti Kwartarini
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND: Regenerative procedure in periodontal surgery aims to improve the structure and function of the periodontium to be strong enough to support the teeth. Growth factor is essential in the process of tissue regeneration; it can be generated from the activation of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP). In this study, collagen was used as PRP activator. PRP release growth factor from the granules when activated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of collagen on PRP activation and the collagen-activated PRP storage to fibroblast proliferation of periodontal ligament (PDL).METHODS: Fibroblasts of PDL were obtained from extracted premolar. PRP were obtained from 100 mL of blood donors using double centrifugation methods. PRP were activated by collagen and subsequently incubated for 24, 48, 72 and 168 hours; after which the lysate was taken. Fibroblasts were divided into 7 groups, which consisted of one unstimulated group as negative control, one group stimulated by PRP lysate, and five groups stimulated with PRP-collagen lysates that had been incubated for 24, 48, 72 and 168 hours. MTT assay was then performed after 1 and 3 days.RESULTS: The proliferation rate of fibroblasts group stimulated by PRP-collagen lysate was higher than the group stimulated by PRP. The storage of collagen-activated PRP for 7 days at 4°C could increase the proliferation rate.CONCLUSION: The activation of collagen on PRP and the stored collaged-activated PRP could increase the fibroblasts proliferation rate of PDL.KEYWORDS: collagen, platelet-rich plasma, fibroblasts proliferation
QSAR studies on some C14-urea tetrandrine compounds as potent anti-cancer against Leukemia cell line (K562)
Authors: MUSTAPHA Abdullahi , SHALLANGWA Gideon , IBRAHİM Muhammad Tukur , BELLO Abdullahi Umar , EBUKA David Arthur , UZAİRU Adamu , MAMZA Paul
Published: December 2018

This research applied Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) technique in developing a Multiple-Linear Regression (MLR) model using Genetic Functional Algorithm (GFA) method in selecting relevant molecular descriptors from the structures of 24 C14-urea tetrandrine compounds. Firstly, the compounds were optimized at Density Functional Theory (DFT) level using Becke’s three-parameter Lee-Yang-Parr hybrid functional (B3LYP) with the 6-31G* basis set in the Spartan 14 Version 1.1.4 software. The molecular descriptors were calculated using Padel- software, and the results were divided in to training and test set. A model was built from the training set with internal validation parameter R2train as 0.910403. The external validation of the model was carried out using the test set compounds with validation parameter R2test as 0.6443 which passed the criteria for acceptability of a QSAR model globally. The coefficient of determination (𝑐𝑅2𝑝) parameter was calculated as 0.819296 which is greater than 0.5, this affirms that the generated model is robust. Furthermore, AST4p, GATS8v and MLFER are the descriptors in the model with positive mean effect of 0.089972855, 0.909814859 and 0.000212286 respectively. This study inferred that there will be positive influence on the inhibitory concentrations when the each descriptor value increases
Inhibition of DNase I Enzyme with Nickel(II) Triphenylphosphine Complexes Incorporating Tridentate Schiff Base Ligands in Vitro
Authors: GÜVELİ Şükriye
Published: December 2018

The
nickel(II) complexes containing 3-methoxy-salicylaldehyde-N4-R thiosemicarbazones
(R:-H2,-propyl)with triphenylphosphine coligands have been
synthesized. The structure of Ni(II)-centered metal complex was approved by
elemental analysis and melting point. The solid-state structure of complex 2 bearing PPh3 as co-ligand was
clarified by single crystal X-ray crystallography, which revealed square planar
geometry around Ni(II) ion. Thiosemicarbazone
ligands are coordinated by ONS mode to nickel(II). The potential of these complexes to inhibit the DNase I enzyme, which
uses DNA as a substrate, was investigated in vitro. The results revealed that
the compounds inhibited the DNase enzyme in directly and/or indirectly (by
masking of DNA molecules) at ≥0.1 µg/ml concentrations in vitro.
A novel Benzimidazole moiety-appended Schiff base derivative: Synthesis, characterization and the investigation of photophysical and chemosensor properties
Authors: ŞEN Pınar , YILDIZ Salih Zeki , DEGE Necmi , ATMACA Göknur Yaşa , ERDOĞMUŞ Ali , DEGE Mustafa
Published: December 2018

In this study, we synthesized a novel
benzimidazole-based Schiff base;
(E)-4,4'-methylenebis(2-((E)-(((1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl)imino)methyl)phenol)
(3) was synthesized by the
condensation of 5,5'-methylenebis(2-hydroxybenzaldehyde) (1) and (1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methanamine.HCl salt (2). This Schiff base derivative was
reported for the first time and was fully characterized by FT-IR, UV–vis, 1H-NMR,
13C-NMR and mass spectroscopy. Electronic absorption and
fluorescence titration studies of 3
with different metal cations in a DMF show a highly selective binding affinity
only toward and Zn2+ ion. The crystal
structure of 2, C8H13Cl2N3O,
has been determined by single crystal X-ray
diffraction method. The crystal structure of the title compound, C8H11N32+×2(Cl—)×H2O, consists of an organic 1H-benzoimidazol-3-ium
(C8H11N32+) cation, an inorganic
2(Cl—) anion and one water (H2O) molecule. In the
cation of the title compound, C8H11N32+,
the benzimidazole ring system  is planar with a maximum deviation of -0.012
(3) Å. The crystal
belongs to monoclinic system, space group P21/c. The crystal packing is stabilized by intramolecular
N–H···O, N–H···Cl, the intermolecular
N–H···Cl interactions link the molecules into a
two-dimensional network and between anions and the water molecules. π-π contacts between benzimidazole rings
[centroid–centroid distances = 3.4642 (2) Å,
3.5309 (2) Å and 3.5527 (2) Å] may further stabilize the structure.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Reliability of the Burn Specific Health Scale–Revised in Brazilian Burned Patients
Authors: Freitas Noélle de Oliveira , Caltran Marina Paes , Mazin Suleimy C. , Dantas Rosana Aparecida Spadoti , Rossi Lidia Aparecida
Published: December 2018

Background and Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the factor structure and the reliability of the Brazilian-Portuguese version of the Burn Specific Health Scale—Revised (BSHS-R) in a sample of Brazilian burned adults. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study. The internal consistency was analyzed using Cronbach’s α, considering coefficients ≥.70 as appropriate. We conducted confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test the hypothesis that the BSHS-R Brazilian-Portuguese version has a factor structure similar to the original. We assessed the factor structure of the BSHS-R Brazilian-Portuguese version by CFA, examining three models: three-factor, six-factor, and seven-factor structure. Results: The participants were 299 burned adults. The CFA indicated good model fit indices for the seven-factor model (root mean square error of approximation = .062; goodness-of-fit index = .844; adjusted goodness-of-fit index = .809; Akaike information criterion = 1,054.06). The seven-factor BSHS-R Brazilian-Portuguese version showed Cronbach’s α of .93. Conclusions: The BSHS-R Brazilian-Portuguese version with seven factors is reliable and valid and measures the perceived health status construct.
Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye'nin Suriyeli Mültecilerin Dayanıklılığını Geliştirme Stratejileri
Authors: KIZILKAN Zelal Başak
Published: December 2018

Suriyeli sığınmacıların zorluklar ve şoklar karşında dayanma, direnme ve
toparlanıp eski haline gelme potansiyelleri olarak tanımlanan “dayanıklılığının”
ulusal ve uluslararası düzeyde geliştirilmesi, Suriyeli mültecilerin toplumsal, siyasi
ve kültürel entegrasyonuna önemli bir katkı sunmaktadır. Makalenin temel amacı
Türkiye ve Avrupa Birliği’nin Suriyeli mültecilerin “dayanıklılık” kapasitesini
güçlendirmeye yönelik politikalarının ve araçlarının neler olduğu ve söz konusu
araçların etkinliklerini tespit etmektir. Makale Türkiye ve AB’nin Türkiye’deki
Suriye toplumunun dayanıklılığını artırmaya ne ölçüde ve nasıl katkı sunduğunu
ortaya çıkarmayı hedeflemektedir.
Avrupa Komşuluk Politikası’nda Uluslararası Göçün Güvenlikleştirilmesi
Authors: TÜRKEŞ-KILIÇ Selin
Published: December 2018

Bu makale, Avrupa Komşuluk Politikası’nda uluslararası göç olgusunun bir
güvenlik konusuna dönüştürülmesini Kopenhag Okulu’nun Güvenlikleştirme Teorisi
çerçevesinde incelemektedir. 2003-2015 yılları arasında Avrupa Komisyonu’nun (2011
ve sonrasında AB Dış İlişkiler ve Güvenlik Politikası Yüksek Temsilcisi ile
birlikte) yazdığı İletişim Belgeleri’ndeki söylem mercek altına alınarak uluslararası
göçün AKP içindeki inşa süreçleri güvenlik ekseninde değerlendirilmektedir. AKP
söyleminde farklı zamanlarda tercih edilen yasadışı ve düzensiz göç/göçmen,
mülteci krizi gibi ifadelerin nasıl oluştuğu ve ne şekilde güvenlik sorunu
haline getirildiği çalışmanın odak noktalarını oluşturmaktadır. Güvenlikleştirme
söyleminin göç politikaları ile ilgili konuların geleneksel politika alanından olağan
politika oluşturma prosedürlerinin dışında ele alınabildiği acil durum
politikasına aktarılmasını kolaylaştırmak için bilinçli olarak kullanıldığı
varsayımına dayanan bu çalışma, Avrupa Birliği’nin uluslararası göçe karşı alabileceği
olağan üstü politika önlemlerinin bu ifadeler aracılığıyla meşrulaştırıldığı iddiasını
savunmaktadır.
Tahran Deklarasyonu ve Sonrası: Türkiye-Brezilya Küresel Ortaklığının Yükselişi ve Gerileyişi
Authors: Tekin Segâh
Published: December 2018

2000’lerin ilk on yılında, Türk dış politikasında dünyanın çeşitli bölgeleri ile siyasal ve ekonomik ilişkilerin geliştirilmesi amacı ile açılım politikaları başlatılmıştır. Bu çerçevede 2006, Latin Amerika ve Karayipler Yılı ilan edilmiştir. Brezilya da benzer şekilde 2003 sonrasında küresel düzeyde ortaklarını çeşitlendirmeye yönelmiştir. Karşılıklı bölgesel açılım politikaları ve hedef bölgelerde güvenilir ortaklar bulma çabasıyla uyumlu olarak, 2006’dan itibaren Türkiye-Brezilya ilişkileri, özel bir ilerleme dönemine girmiştir. Bu dönemde diplomatik, ekonomik, toplumsal ve kültürel ilişkiler gelişmiştir. İki ülkenin bölgesel açılımları büyük ölçüde ekonomik ilişkilerin geliştirilmesi hedefi eşliğinde yürütülürken, yükselen güçler olarak uluslararası sistemde rol oynama istekleri; iki ülkeyi Tahran Deklarasyonu ve Medeniyetler İttifakı gibi küresel çaptaki girişimlerde birlikte hareket etmeye ve genel olarak dünya barışını desteklemeye yönelik bir iş birliğine yöneltmiştir. Bu dönemde Türkiye ve Brezilya’nın önemli roller üstlendiği üç diplomatik girişimden söz edilebilir. Bunlar; Türkiye-Brezilya-İran ortaklığında geliştirilen Tahran Deklarasyonu, her iki ülkenin de önemli paydaşlar olarak yer aldıkları Medeniyetler İttifakı Projesi ve Türkiye, Brezilya ve İsveç tarafından başlatılan Barış İnşasında Üçlü Dayanışma girişimidir. Bu çalışma, 2006 sonrası Türkiye-Brezilya ilişkilerini; ikili ilişkilerin ve karşılıklı bölgesel açılımların seyri çerçevesinde incelemektedir. 2006-2013 döneminde gelişen ilişkiler, 2013 sonrasında her alanda bir gerileyiş sürecine girmiştir. Bu çalışma, Brezilya’da ortaya çıkan ülke içi siyasal ve ekonomik sorunların yanı sıra coğrafi uzaklık ve ekonomik iş birliği potansiyelinin kısıtlı oluşunun iki yükselen güç arasında kalıcı bir ortaklık kurulmasını zorlaştırdığını ortaya koymaktadır.
KKTC’de Ekonomik Büyüme ve Sektörel Gelişimin Büyümeye Etkileri
Authors: Kalmaz Demet Beton , Giritli Nuru
Published: December 2018

Bu çalışmanın amacı KKTC ekonomisindeki büyüme ile sektörel büyüme arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek ve elde edilen bulgulardan yararlanarak istikrarlı bir büyümenin gerçekleşebilmesi için öneriler üretmektir. Çalışmada kullanılan veriler KKTC Devlet Planlama Örgütünden (DPÖ) elde edilmiş olmakta ve 1977-2016 yıllarını kapsamaktadır. Veriler 1977 yılı baz alınarak TL cinsinden ölçülmüştür. Serilerin durağanlık düzeyinin tespit edilmesi için Phillips-Perron (PP), Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF), Kwiatkowski-Phillips-Schmidt-Shin (KPSS) birim kök ve Zivot-Andrews yapısal kırılma birim kök testi kullanılmış, bulgular bağımlı değişkenimiz olan GSYİH serisinin birinci farkının durağan, yani I(1) olduğunu, işaret ederken, bağımsız değişkenlerin farklı seviyelerde durağan oldukaları tespit edilmiştir. Bu nedenle uzun ve kısa dönem ilişkileri ortaya koymak için seriler arasında eşbütünleşme ilişkisi ARDL sınır testi yaklaşımıyla araştırılmıştır. Değişkenler arasındaki uzun ve kısa dönem ilişkilerinin tespitinin ardından Granger nedensellik testi kullanılarak seriler arasındaki ilişkinin yönünün analizi yapılmış, GSYİH, tarım sektörü, inşaat sektörü ve imalat sektörü gelirlerinden, hizmetler sektörü gelirlerine doğru tek yönlü Granger nedensellik tespit edilmiştir. Modelin iyiliği ve uyumunun test edilmesi için otokorelasyon, normallik, değişen varyans ve yapısal istikrar testleri yapılmış, seçilen dönem içerisinde hesaplanan katsayıların istikrarlı olup olmadığını görmek için ise CUSUM ve CUSUMSQ testleri kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar modelin güvenirliliği ve parametrelerin seçilen dönem için istikrarlı olduğunu desteklemiştir. Elde etmiş olduğumuz sonuçlar uzun vadede sanayi sektörünün ekonomik büyüme arkasındaki en etkin sektör olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. KKTC’de öne çıkan hizmet sektörünün yanı sıra sanayi ve inşaat sektörlerinin geliştirilmesi ve yerli istihdam sağlanması ile sürdürülebilir bir ekonomik büyüme elde edilebilir. Ekonomik büyüme politikaları uzun vadede kalıcı etki yaratacak şekilde planlanmalıdır ve özellikle sanayi sektörünün geliştirilmesine öncelik tanınmalıdır.
Perbandingan Efisiensi BPR Konvensional Dan BPR Syariah Provinsi Jawa Timur Dengan Pendekatan Non-Parametrik
Authors: Almas Bahrina
Published: December 2018

This study aims to find out and explain the efficiency level comparison between Conventional Rural Banks and Sharia Rural Banks using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. This research is a type of quantitative research using secondary. The sample used in this study amounted to 10 BPR, consisting of 5 samples of Conventional Rural Banks and 5 samples of Islamic Rural Banks during the period March 2013 to December 2017. Input variables in this study were total assets, third party funds and labor costs, while variables the output used is credit or financing and operating income. The results of the analysis using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method show that there are two BPR from 5 samples of efficient Conventional Rural Banks, while there are no efficient BPR from 5 Sharia Rural Banks samples.
The Thermal Investigation, Thermokinetic Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of Two New Energetic Materials Obtained from Nucleophilic Substitution of Nitro Pyridine Ring
Authors: İnal Emine Kübra , Acar Nurcan , Sopacı Şaziye Betül , Yıldız Ceren , Nazır Hasan , Atakol Orhan , Öz Sevi
Published: December 2018

2-Chloro-3 and 5-dinitropyridine were put into
reaction with hydrazine and 3-aminopyrazole to obtain two new highly
nitrogenous energetic substances. These energetic substances are;
N(3,5-dinitropyridyn-2-yl) hydrazine (I),
and N(3,5-dinitropyridyn-2-yl)3-aminopyrazole (II). These substances were characterized with element analysis,
mass spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, 1HNMR and 13CNMR
methods. Besides, the substances were analyzed with TG and thermal
decomposition mechanisms were interpreted. Apart from these, isothermal and
thermal kinetic analysis methods were used to reveal out the activation
energies and Arrhenius pre-exponential factors. Thermodynamic parameters of
decomposition reactions were measured by using these values. Nitrofuroxane ring
was concluded to be the sub-product in thermal decomposition reactions.
Gaussian 09 software algorithms were used to measure the standard formation
enthalpy values of the two energetic substances.  Using these values, the reaction enthalpy
value of the thermal decomposition reaction according to Hess's law and the
result obtained was compared with the value obtained from the differential
scanning calorimetry method. Experimental and theoretical results were observed
to be similar. In addition to these, antimicrobial effects of the highly
nitrogenous energetic substances were measured for 5 different bacteria and
their antifungal effects were measured for one type of fungus. As they were
highly nitrogenous, the bacteria were found to be using the nitrogen in these
substances for nutritional purpose.
Investigation of Cryptosporidium spp. in Immunosuppressive and Immunocompetent Cases with Diarrhea by Microscopic, Serological and Molecular Methods
Authors: YILMAZ Ahmet , AKKAŞ Önder , GÜVEN Esin , AYDIN Hakan , USLU Hakan
Published: December 2018

Objective: In this study, our aim was to compare the diagnostic methods with each other and show the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts by using molecular, serological and microscopic methods in stool samples which were collected from immunosuppressive and immunocompetent patients with diarrheaMethods: Total 172 stool samples were collected from 80 immunosuppressive patients and 92 immunocompetent patients (between 0-94 years) with diarrhea. These stool samples were obtained from the different clinics of Ataturk University, Yakutiye Research Hospital between January 2014 and July 2014. Patient group composed of 49 persons between 0-14 years and 123 persons between 15-94 years. On the other hand, 141 patients were using tap water while 41 of them were using well water. Modified acid-fast staining, ELISA and DFA techniques were applied to detect the Cryptosporidium parasite positivity. Nested PCR method was performed to the samples which were detected positive with one of the above methods.Results: The positivity was detected in 5.8%, 4.1% and 3.5% by ELISA, DFA technique and Modified acid-fast staining method, respectively.  Cryptosporidium DNA was detected in only 1.2% by PCR method. The rates of positivity were 6.3% and 5.4% in immunosuppressive and immunocompetent patients, respectively. The positivity was detected in 10.2% and 4.1% in 0-14 age group and 15-94 age group patients, respectively. On the other hand, 4.3% and 12.9% positivity rates were detected in tap water and well water users respectively. Conclusion: Our study pointed out that the investigation of Cryptosporidium oocysts as diarrhea agents in especially immunosuppressive patients, individuals in childhood and well water users may be useful. Because cryptosporidiosis is a common disease in children and immunosuppressive individuals. Additionally, we think that ELISA method can be preferred to other methods in terms of high sensitivity and ease of application.
A Rare Cause of Carbon Monoxide Intoxication: Hookah
Authors: ALTUNTAŞ Gürkan , AYGÜN Ali , YAZICI Murat Mümin , İMAMOĞLU Melih , YURTSEVER Selim , BİLİR Özlem
Published: December 2018

Carbon monoxide is a gas formed by partial combustion of carbon containing
fuels and leads to intoxication with various non-specific clinical findings.
Although hookah is a common way of tobacco consumption among people living in
the Middle East, Asia and Africa, it has become popular in European countries
and United States of America (USA). In our country, hookah smoking is
especially common among young people and more common in cafes. In our case
report, two cases with carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning findings after smoking
hookah. In both cases, non-specific clinical findings were observed after
hookah smoking and blood carboxyhemoglobin fraction (FCOHb) levels were higher
than normal values in laboratory parameters.
The Use of Prospective Meta-Analysis
Authors: YARILGAÇ Tarık
Published: December 2018

Meta-analysis is a powerful statistical instrument to
summarize the knowledge in a research field, and to estimate overall measures
of effects based on reported or unreported results. In performing meta-analysis
is generally used the results of the reported trials. Knowing the results
before the meta-analysis may affect the description of the review query, the
entry and exclusion specifications because the researchers may also be
prejudiced in selecting favor of reports supportive for their own thoughts.
With these problems the retrospective meta-analysis is becoming a controversial
tool in terms of “bias”. The prospective meta-analysis can cope with these
problems of the retrospective meta-analysis. A prospective meta-analysis is a
type of next-generation systematic reviews where studies are investigated to be
eligible before reporting their original studies. Prospective Meta-Analysis is
unaware of the results of all studies because of the prospective identification
and application of selection criteria for trials. In this paper, it is aimed to
give information about Prospective Meta-Analysis, and to promote the use.
Factors Affecting Bone Mineral Density in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: KARATAŞ Ahmet , ÇANAKÇI Ebru
Published: December 2018

Objective: Disorders
of mineral metabolism and bone density are common complications in chronic
kidney disease and are an important cause of morbidity. Recently used
definition is chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). The
aim of our study was to evaluate the correlation between bone mineral density
and influencing factors in patients with end-stage renal failure undergoing
hemodialysis.Material and Methods: In
our study, cases were evaluated by being divided into 3 groups depending on
bone mineral density (BMD). Our study included 124 cases and was designed as a
cross-sectional observational study. The demographic data of the cases were
recorded separately for each case. Routine biochemical analyses were studied. Results: The median vit D value of the
patients with osteoporosis participated in the study was 14.44 mg/dl in the
osteopenic group and the median value of the patients without osteoporosis was
20.14 mg/dl. The lowest and highest vit D values of the patients with
osteoporosis were 3 mg/dl and 34.77 mg/dl, respectively. There was a
statistically significant difference between all 3 groups for the age variable
(p=0.002). There was a statistically significant difference between all 3
groups for the BMI variable (p=0.011). For 3 groups divided according to BMD
measurements, statistically significant results were found in the PTH,
Ferritin, Hgb, CRP, ALP, Albumin, e-GFR, hip and lumbar BMD values,
respectively (p<0.001, p=0.001, p=0.004, p=0.001, p=0.003,p=0.005, p=0.001,
p<0.001, p<0.001).

Conclusion: In conclusion, our study revealed that the most
important risk factor associated with osteoporosis in patients undergoing
hemodialysis was PTH elevation and low vitamin D levels. For this purpose, BMD
measurements and biochemical parameters of CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis
should be studied in appropriate periods by adhering to the guidelines. Vit D
replacement should not be neglected in order to avoid osteoporosis and to treat
the detected cases.
An insight into design of prefabricated and prestressed concrete monoblock railway ties for service loads
Authors: Bezgin Niyazi Özgür
Published: December 2018

Ballasted railway track ties support the wheel forces of a train that are transferred by the rails, maintain the track gauge and provide track stability.  Prestressed concrete ties provide the required track bearing to the applied wheel loads and constitute a major part of the track self-weight. Design of prestressed concrete ties involves an evaluation of their structural interaction with the ballast and an understanding of prestressed concrete design for service loads and ultimate loads. This paper aims to provide an insight for the design of a prestressed concrete ballasted railway tie under service loads and highlight the genuine qualities of tie design in terms geotechnical engineering, materials engineering and structural engineering. Through the analysis of a finite element model, this paper presents estimations for bending moment values under service conditions for a prestressed concrete high-speed railway tie under varying track support conditions. The paper then compares the estimated values with those suggested by the relevant design guidelines for railway ties.
Monitored structural behavior of a long span cable-stayed bridge under environmental effects
Authors: Bayraktar Alemdar , Ashour Ashraf , Karadeniz Halil , Kurşun Altok , Erdiş Arif
Published: December 2018

An accurate numerical analysis of the behavior of long-span cable-stayed bridges under environmental effects is a challenge because of complex, uncertain and varying environmental meteorology. This study aims to investigate in-situ experimental structural behavior of long-span steel cable-stayed bridges under environmental effects such as air temperature and wind using the monitoring data. Nissibi cable-stayed bridge with total length of 610m constructed in the city of Adıyaman, Turkey, in 2015 is chosen for this purpose. Structural behaviors of the main structural elements including deck, towers (pylons) and cables of the selected long span cable-stayed bridge under environmental effects such as air temperature and wind are investigated by using daily monitoring data. The daily variations of cable forces, cable accelerations, pylon accelerations and deck accelerations with air temperature and wind speed are compared using the hottest summer (July 31, 2015) and the coldest winter (January 1, 2016) days data.
Earthquake performance of collapsed school building under Van-Tabanli (Mw=7.2) earthquake
Authors: Cosgun Cumhur , Mangir Atakan
Published: December 2018

A majority of the present building stock of Turkey is under seismic risk. It is believed that a significant proportion of the existing structures will either collapse or will get heavily damaged during a possible strong earthquake. With this respect, as an initial stage in the betterment of the structurally deficient building stock, assessment of existing buildings is of vital importance. From this viewpoint, in this study, earthquake performance of a collapsed school building was investigated through numerical performance analysis based on codified rules. At the end of 2011, numerous ground motions of various intensities have been registered in city of Van in eastern Turkey starting from 23 October 2011. Two major earthquakes were experienced at the Tabanli and Edremit district of Van. The moment magnitudes of these earthquakes were announced as 7.2 and 5.6, respectively. The investigated school building in this study was located in the city of Van and collapsed after first major earthquake (Mw=7.2). Structural details of the load-bearing members of the investigated building including as-built drawings and specified material properties were obtained. Based on obtained data, a numerical model was created to simulate the behavior of the building under code specified earthquake effects. Earthquake performance assessment of the structure was carried based on the recommendations given in the related chapter of the Turkish Seismic Code. Pushover analyses were performed and expected member by member damage levels and overall structural damage were determined in accordance with Turkish Seismic Code. The results are discussed to enlighten the actual cause of the collapse.
Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Willingness of Rural Left-Behind Women to Take up Elderly Care Service Under the Capital of Livelihood
Authors: Liu Chunmei , Zhang Min , Xu Rongxin , Pen Jiayu
Published: December 2018

With the development of China's elderly care industry, pension service institutions have become the main channel to provide effective care to the elderly. However, at present, that nursing staff hardly to be recruited, managed and retained has become a universal problem. This article mainly adopts the questionnaire survey method to investigate the left-behind women in Wugang city of Hunan province, and uses the Logistic regression model to analyze the factors of the left-behind women's willingness to elderly care service from five aspects: human capital, social capital, natural capital, material capital and financial capital. The results shows that human capital such as education level and skill training, material capital of housing value, and financial capital with deposit have a significant impact on their choices.