bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of genetic and comorbid emotional-affective factors on pre-mild cognitive decline in middle-aged patients
Authors: Koberskaya N. N. , Ostroumova T. M. , Perepelov V. A. , Smirnov D. S.
Published: August 2021

Recently, maximum attention has been drawn to the earliest forms of cognitive deficit - pre-mild cognitive decline (PMCD), which includes subjective (SjCD) and subtle cognitive decline (SCD), being the most promising in cognitive decline prevention.

Objective: to assess the influence of genetic and comorbid emotional-affective factors on PMCD in middle-aged patients.

Patients and methods. The study included 50 middle-aged people (60.76±9.5 years) with cognitive complaints. All patients underwent a cardiovascular assessment, including: biochemistry blood test (lipid profile, urea, glucose, vitamin В12, folic acid, homocysteine, thyroid hormones), duplex scan of the extracranial arteries, blood assay for АРОЕ4 determination, neuropsychological assessment with quantitative neuropsychological methods, emotional-affective background evaluation. In addition, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with morphometry of the hippocampus was performed in 20 patients.

Results and discussion. Arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and changes in laboratory parameters are significantly were more frequent in patients with SCD than patients with SjCD. The neuropsychological assessment showed maximum differences between SjCD and SCD groups in tests that evaluated reaction time (verbal fluency test, trail making test, part A, digit symbol substitution test, and Munsterberg test). Analysis of neuroimaging parameters revealed a smaller volume of the right hippocampus in APOE4 carriers. patients without depression performed significantly better on memory tasks, when depression was included in the analysis. In addition, patients with depression showed a significantly more pronounced degree of cortical atrophy on MRI.

Conclusion. Patients with SCD have lower scores in neuropsychological tests than patients with SjCD. In addition, we observed a high significance of cardiovascular and emotional-affective risk factors in the PMCD development, emphasizing the importance of their evaluation and treatment in the management of patients with PMCD.
Medication adherence in migraine patients (data of an online survey)
Authors: Kovalchuk N. A. , Kiryanova E. A. , Tabeeva G. R.
Published: August 2021

Patient needs, drug intake patterns, and adherence to therapy are significant challenges in the management of migraine patients.

Objective: to identify drug treatment needs, drug use patterns and adherence factors in migraine patients.

Patients and methods. An online survey was conducted among Internet users through social networks (Instagram, Facebook, Vkontakte) from 01/22/2020 to 02/22/2020. The selection of respondents was based on an anamnesis of headaches and passing the ID Migraine screener. One thousand five hundred ninety-eight individuals (93.8% women and 6.2% men) aged 18—39years participated in the survey.

Results and discussion. Among 1598 participants, 1490 experienced any headache, 937 respondents noted migraine symptoms, and 542 (58.4%) had a migraine diagnosis. 899 (96%) of responders used medications to relieve headaches, and in 59% of them drugs were self-prescribed. 125 (13%) patients received prophylactic therapy for migraine, of which only 47 (37.6%) complied with the prescribed treatment. We found a significant (p=0.019) association between the degree of adherence to therapy and the number of days with migraine.

Conclusion. The study revealed a low referral rate in patients with headaches. In addition, more than half self-prescribed the drug for headache relief, and only a third of patients complied with the prescribed prophylactic treatment.
Neuroprotective therapy in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Kulesh A. A.
Published: August 2021

The review discusses the role of neuroprotective therapy in the acute period of ischemic stroke in the era of active introduction of reperfusion treatment methods. The main mechanisms of brain damage during ischemia/reperfusion and the leading neuroprotective strategies studied in clinical trials are considered. Neuroprotective approaches aimed at suppressing excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation are presented. Current data on the safety and efficacy of uric acid, edaravone, fingolimod, natalizumab, interleukin 1 receptors antagonists, cerebrolysin, and other drugs have been analyzed. Non-drug methods of neuroprotection are characterized, including remote ischemic conditioning, therapeutic hypothermia, and neurostimulation. According to the author's position, the safest and most effective neuroprotective agent in acute ischemic stroke is cerebrolysin.
WRITING OUT OF FORMULAS FOR CALCULATING FORCES IN THE JOINTS OF MANIPULATORS IN STATICS
Authors:   South Ural State University, Miass, Russian Federation, Pudovkina S.G. , Telegin A.I.
Published: August 2021

The problem of bulkiness of mathematical models of manipulative systems of industrial robots is solved. Here we consider formulas for calculating static reactions in joints and formulas for active forces that balance the forces of gravity acting on the manipulator's bodies in its stationary state. The manipulator can be in such a state when it is before capturing the object of manipulation and releasing it, or when it is performing some assembly operations, or it is during spot welding and in slow (quasi-static) arc-welding and painting processes. Aim. The aim is to derive general recur-rence and finite formulas for calculating the reaction forces in joints and their projections to the ax-es of the coordinate system rigidly connected with the selected body. Express the formulas of force projections in terms of guiding cosines and justify their optimality in terms of the minimum of arithmetic operations. Derive general inverse recurrence formulas for writing out the guide cosines of the axes associated with the moving bodies of the coordinate system with respect to the stationary coordinate system. Research methods. The methods of research relate to vector mechanics and sys-tems analysis, and the algorithmization of calculations by reducing them to the use of recurrent formulas. Results. A systematic analysis of general formulas, in which all possible regular expres-sions are highlighted which are corresponding unambiguously to the kinematic parameters of ma-nipulators, is performed. These regular expressions are used in software for analytical modeling of manipulator, in particular, for the analytical solution of problems of statics of a manipulator. The method of analytical verification of the prescribed formulas is described. The tasks of writing out optimal formulas for calculating the projections of static reaction forces in joints have been solved. And the tasks of writing out optimal formulas for calculating active forces in progressive joints of universal manipulators with six degrees of freedom, operating in Cartesian, cylindrical, spherical and angular coordinate systems, have been solved also. Analytical verification of the derived equations of stat-ics is performed. Examples of the reuse of the derived formulas for manipulators with the same kin-ematic schemes of their subsystems. Conclusion. Expressions of the equations of statics of manipu-lators through the guide cosines of the axes of the associated coordinate systems of their bodies al-low us to write these equations through the known parameters of body orientation. The recurrent formulas for calculating directional cosines allows to use recursive functions in their software im-plementation, i.e. to increase the computational efficiency of the software.
APPLICATION OF INTEGRATED RATING MECHANISMS AND MATRIX NON-ANONYMOUS GENERALIZED MEDIAN VOTER SCHEMES TO COORDINATION OF THE AGENTS’ INTERESTS
Authors:   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, Russian Federation, Alekseev A.O. , Kataeva T.A. ,   PJSC “Perm Scientific-Industrial Instrument Making Company”, Perm, Russian Federation
Published: August 2021

The collective agent coordination problem in organizational behavior systems is consider. In particular, the problem of coordinating of the agents’ interests to assess the degree of achieve-ment of the corporate strategic targets. The relevance of the problem is due to the need to increase the speed of decision-making, the speed of reaction to changes in the external environment, which can be achieved using appropriate control mechanisms. Aim. Improving methods of collective deci-sion making under circumstances where agents have different ranks of significance. Materials and methods. Methods comprise the integrated rating mechanisms and the generalized median voter schemes. The mathematical apparatus was chosen is contingent on the group decision making in organizational systems. Active agents strives to maximize his target function in the process of inter-action, which leads to a conflict of interests and a desire to distort information. The chosen methods allow these problems to be solved. The first ones are used to aggregate indicators that reflect the de-gree of achievement of the private goals of the organization at the strategic level. The second ones are used to identification the true agents’ opinions about the type of target index convolution matri-ces. Results. The matrix non-anonymous generalized median mechanism is proposed. The non-anonymous statement allows taking into account the interests of agents with different ranks. It is shown how to reduce non-anonymous procedure to an anonymous one. Decisions making process about all elements of the convolution matrices in integrated rating mechanisms with using anony-mous median voter scheme is strategy proofnees. However, the results of aggregation are not stabil-ity to the agent strategic behavior in cases of application anonymous or non-anonymous coordina-tion procedures. The new integrated mechanism based on the synthesis of known control mecha-nisms is proposed to overcome the discovered problem. Conclusion. The statement of the problem corresponds to the real procedures of decision making by governance board, when the opinion of one agent turns out to be more significant than the opinion of another agent. The developed mech-anism makes it possible to agree on the opinions of experts on the degree of achievement of the strategic goals of the organization; it can also be adapted to solve other applied problems, for ex-ample, making a decision on the choice of a project, assessing risks, assessing suppliers, etc.
FUNDAMENTALS OF EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES IN MODERN CONDITIONS
Authors:   JSC “Kuznetsk Ferroalloys”, Novokuznetsk, Russian Federation, Korennaya K.A. , Hollay A.V. ,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Loginovsky O.V. ,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
Published: August 2021

Today, the problem of increasing the efficiency of large Russian industrial enterprises is one of the most important national economic problems of the domestic economy. Purpose of the study. In this regard, the purpose of the study of this work is to improve the processes of prepa¬ring and mak-ing managerial decisions on the strategic and operational management of industrial enterprises of our country in the current conditions of global instability and increasing international competition. Materials and methods. The scientific provisions presented in the article are an integral set of measures that ensure the implementation of both strategic and operational management algorithms for industrial enterprises. At the same time, the methods of mathematical modeling and financial and economic analytics were used. Results. The results of the study are: a well-founded set of scien-tific provisions on the strategic management of industrial enterprises, as well as a predictive and adaptive approach to the operational management of production companies in the conditions of both stable development of the world economy and international financial and economic crises. On the basis of the developed sets of scientific provisions, sets of mathematical models for the stra-tegic management of industrial enterprises and their operational management are formed. Conclu-sion. The scientific provisions and materials presented in this article enable the heads of industrial enterprises to form holistic and comprehensively justified strategies for their long-term development, as well as algorithms for operational management of industrial divisions of enterprises during peri-ods of global instability.
Image Processing using Open Source Tools and their Implementation in the Analysis of Complex Microstructures
Authors: Nayak U. P. , Müller M. , Britz D. , Guitar M.A. , Mücklich F.
Published: August 2021

Considering the dependance of materials’ properties on the microstructure, it is imperative to carry out a thorough microstructural characterization and analysis to bolster its development. This article is aimed to inform the users about the implementation of FIJI, an open source image processing software for image segmentation and quantitative microstructural analysis.

The rapid advancement of computer technology in the past years has made it possible to swiftly segment and analyze hundreds of micrographs reducing hours’ worth of analysis time to a mere matter of minutes. This has led to the availability of several commercial image processing software programs primarily aimed at relatively inexperienced users. Despite the advantages like ‘one-click solutions’ offered by commercial software, the high licensing cost limits its widespread use in the metallographic community.

Open-source platforms on the other hand, are free and easily available although rudimentary knowledge of the user-interface is a pre-requisite. In particular, the software FIJI has distinguished itself as a versatile tool, since it provides suitable extensions from image processing to segmentation to quantitative stereology and is continuously developed by a large user community. This article aims to introduce the FIJI program by familiarizing the user with its graphical user-interface and providing a sequential methodology to carry out image segmentation and quantitative microstructural analysis.
Künstliche Intelligenz im Kompetenzmanagement
Authors: Kohl Linus , Fuchs Benedikt , Berndt Rene , Valtiner Daniel , Ansari Fazel , Schlund Sebastian
Published: August 2021

Die gezielte und zukunftsorientierte Aus- und Weiterbildung von Mitarbeiter:innen in technischen Unternehmen erfordert im Kontext des rapiden technologischen und demographischen Wandels innovative Lösungsansätze. Die Identifizierung und Strukturierung von kompetenzrelevanten Informationen aus unstrukturierten Unternehmensdaten mithilfe von Methoden der Künstlichen Intelligenz (KI), vor allem Text-Mining (TM), bieten hier neue Möglichkeiten, dieser Herausforderung zu begegnen. In Zusammenarbeit mit der Infineon Technologies Austria AG wurden im Bereich der Instandhaltung von Implanter-Anlagen eine skalierbare Systematik und ein Prozess, einschließlich eines mathematischen Algorithmus und eines dazugehörigen Modells, entwickelt, um Personalkompetenzen aus un- und teilstrukturierten Instandhaltungsdaten zu extrahieren.
Does Assessment Alter Responses? An Examination of Measurement Reactivity in an Ecological Momentary Assessment of Body Comparisons
Authors: Macintyre Rachel I. , Heron Kristin E. , Dawson Charlotte A. , Filipkowski Kelly B. , Arigo Danielle
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Body comparisons have been implicated in body dissatisfaction and eating disorder development. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) has been used to capture body comparisons in everyday life; however, the potential for measurement reactivity this approach has on EMA responses has yet to be examined. The present study systematically evaluated measurement reactivity in EMA of body comparisons. Methods: Undergraduate women (N = 75) completed four surveys daily for 11 days; Days 1–4 did not include comparison assessments and Days 5–11 did. Changes were examined in related EMA measures between these time periods and individual difference measures pre- and post-EMA. Results: A within-person MANOVA showed no significant change in the individual difference measures. Multilevel analyses revealed that participants reported fewer comparisons as day of study increased. When they completed EMA with versus without comparison items, they reported fewer occasions of loss of control while eating and less pleasant social company at time of assessment. Discussion: Findings suggest limited concern for reactivity in this approach, though researchers examining body comparisons, loss of control eating, and perceptions of social company should be cautious when interpreting their findings and consider examining reactivity directly. Future research on body comparisons should also consider using run-in periods to improve data quality.
The Relationship Between Self-Silencing and Depression: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Pintea Sebastian , Gatea Andreea
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Over time, several studies have provided knowledge about the relationship between self-silencing and depression. However, even if there is a tendency to obtain positive correlations, results ranging from null to large effects are rather variable, and until now no meta-analysis exists of these results, to our knowledge. Under these circumstances, the purpose of the present study is to quantitatively integrate existing results refecting the relationship between self-silencing and depression and to explore potential moderators of this relationship, in regards to conceptual aspects and characteristics of the samples. Methods: Our meta-analysis incorporates 31 published and 11 unpublished studies (with a total of 10,108 participants and 131 effect sizes), written in English, which statistically quantify the link between self-silencing and depression. For the analysis of the overall effect, specific meta-analytical procedures were used for heterogeneity, publication bias, and potential moderators. Results: There is an overall significant positive and medium correlation between self-silencing and depression (r = 0.391, p < 0.001). The heterogeneity of the results is partially explained by components of self-silencing, measured in each study and certain features of the samples such as age, sexual orientation, and level of education. Discussion: For researchers on this topic, our results offer a more precise input for computing sample sizes and also generate expectations of results as a function of specific methodological features. For practitioners, our results suggest the importance of approaching components of self-silence in counseling and therapy (with increased attention towards the externalized self-perception and the divided self) as mechanisms in depression (especially for younger and highly educated clients, and for non-heterosexuals).
The Impact of SST and PV Interneurons on Nonlinear Synaptic Integration in the Neocortex
Authors: Dorsett Christopher , Philpot Benjamin D. , Smith Spencer LaVere , Smith Ikuko T.
Published: August 2021

Excitatory synaptic inputs arriving at the dendrites of a neuron can engage active mechanisms that nonlinearly amplify the depolarizing currents. This supralinear synaptic integration is subject to modulation by inhibition. However, the specific rules by which different subtypes of interneurons affect the modulation have remained largely elusive. To examine how inhibition influences active synaptic integration, we optogenetically manipulated the activity of the following two subtypes of interneurons: dendrite-targeting somatostatin-expressing (SST) interneurons; and perisomatic-targeting parvalbumin-expressing (PV) interneurons. In acute slices of mouse primary visual cortex, electrical stimulation evoked nonlinear synaptic integration that depended on NMDA receptors. Optogenetic activation of SST interneurons in conjunction with electrical stimulation resulted in predominantly divisive inhibitory gain control, reducing the magnitude of the supralinear response without affecting its threshold. PV interneuron activation, on the other hand, had a minimal effect on the supralinear response. Together, these results delineate the roles for SST and PV neurons in active synaptic integration. Differential effects of inhibition by SST and PV interneurons likely increase the computational capacity of the pyramidal neurons in modulating the nonlinear integration of synaptic output.
Differences in human placental mesenchymal stromal cells may impair vascular function in FGR
Authors: Boss Anna L , Chamley Lawrence W , Brooks Anna E S , James Joanna L
Published: August 2021

Placentae from pregnancies with foetal growth restriction (FGR) exhibit poor oxygen and nutrient exchange, in part due to impaired placental vascular development. Placental mesenchymal stromal cells (pMSCs) reside in a perivascular niche, where they may influence blood vessel formation/function. However, the role of pMSCs in vascular dysfunction in FGR is unclear. To elucidate the mechanisms by which pMSCs may impact placental vascularisation we compared the transcriptomes of human pMSCs isolated from FGR (<5th centile) (n = 7) and gestation-matched control placentae (n = 9) using Affymetrix microarrays. At the transcriptome level, there were no statistically significant differences between normal and FGR pMSCs; however, several genes linked to vascular function exhibited notable fold changes, and thus the dataset was used as a hypothesis-generating tool for possible dysfunction in FGR. Genes/proteins of interest were followed up by real-time PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry. Gene expression of ADAMTS1 and FBLN2 (fibulin-2) were significantly upregulated, whilst HAS2 (hyaluronan synthase-2) was significantly downregulated, in pMSCs from FGR placentae (n = 8) relative to controls (n = 7, P  < 0.05 for all). At the protein level, significant differences in the level of fibulin-2 and hyaluronan synthase-2, but not ADAMTS1, were confirmed between pMSCs from FGR and control pregnancies by Western blot. All three proteins demonstrated perivascular expression in third-trimester placentae. Fibulin-2 maintains vessel elasticity, and its increased expression in FGR pMSCs could help explain the increased distensibility of FGR blood vessels. ADAMTS1 and hyaluronan synthase-2 regulate angiogenesis, and their differential expression by FGR pMSCs may contribute to the impaired angiogenesis in these placentae.
Dört Direkt Pulpa Kapaklama Materyalinin Klinik Takibinin Değerlendirilmesi: Bir Klinik Çalışma
Authors: VELİOĞLU Mehmet Semih , ÜNLÜ Nimet
Published: August 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, farklı pulpa kapaklama materyallerin klinik başarılarını retrospektif olarak değerlendirmek için direkt pulpa kapaklama tedavileri uygulanmış hastaları 1 yıl boyunca takip etmektir.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu retrospektif takip çalışmasına, Restoratif Diş Tedavisi kliniğine çürük semptomları nedeniyle başvurmuş, 18-45 yaş aralığında, sistemik sağlık problemi olmayan, farklı pulpa kapaklama materyalleri kullanılarak direkt pulpa kapaklama tedavisi uygulanmış, daimi restorasyonları kompozit dolgu materyali ile yapılmış hastalar dahil edildi. Hastalar tedavide kullanılan pulpa kapaklama materyallerine göre 4 farklı gruba ayrıldı. Grup 1: Ca(OH)2, Grup 2: MTA, Grup 3: TheraCal LC ve Grup 4: Biodentine idi. Hastaların klinik takipleri 1. hafta, 1., 3., 6. ve 12. aylarda gerçekleştirildi. Klinik takipler için gelen hastaların ağrı, perküsyon, postoperatif hassasiyet şikayetleri değerlendirildi, soğuk testi ve elektrikli vitalite testi ile tedavi edilen dişlerin vitaliteleri ölçüldü. İstatistiksel analiz için Ki-Kare testi ve Fisher Exact testi kullanıldı.

Bulgular: Elde edilen verilere göre sağ kalım açısından en yüksek başarı oranı Biodentine grubunda %90.9 iken, en düşük başarı oranı Ca(OH)2 grubunda %80 olarak gözlendi. MTA grubunda başarı oranı %84, TheraCal LC grubunda ise %81.8’lik bir başarı oranı tespit edildi. Gruplar karşılaştırıldığında sağ kalım oranları açısından başarı oranları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olmadığı gözlendi.

Sonuç: Direkt pulpa kapaklamasında kullanılmak için üretilen materyallerin kısa dönem klinik takiplerinde dişlerin canlılığını korumada etkili oldukları ve klinik başarı oranlarının benzer olduğu, ancak materyallerin uzun dönem klinik başarılarının daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi için daha fazla hasta katılımlı ve uzun dönem takipli çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
Comparison of the color and weight change in Paulownia tomentosa and Pinus koraiensis wood heat-treated in hot oil and hot air
Authors: Suri Intan Fajar , Kim Jong Ho , Purusatama Byantara Darsan , Yang Go Un , Prasetia Denni , Lee Seung Hwan , Hidayat Wahyu , Febrianto Fauzi , Park Byung Ho , Kim Nam Hun
Published: August 2021

Color changes were tested and compared for heat-treated Paulownia tomentosa and Pinus koraiensis wood treated with hot oil or hot air for further utilization of these species. Hot oil and hot air treatments were conducted at 180, 200, and 220 °C for 1, 2, and 3 h. Heat-treated wood color changes were determined using the CIE-Lab color system. Weight changes of the wood before and after heat treatment were also determined. The weight of the oil heat-treated wood increased considerably but it decreased in air heat-treated wood. The oil heat-treated samples showed a greater decrease in lightness (L*) than air heat-treated samples. A significant change in L* was observed in Paulownia tomentosa. The red/green chromaticity (a*) of both wood samples increased at 180 and 200 °C and slightly decreased at 220 °C. The yellow/blue chromaticity (b*) in both wood samples increased at 180 °C, but it rapidly decreased with increasing treatment durations at 200 and 220 °C. The overall color change (ΔE*) in both heat treatments increased with increasing temperature, being higher in Paulownia tomentosa than in Pinus koraiensis. In conclusion, oil heat treatment reduced treatment duration and was a more effective method than air heat treatment in improving wood color.
Ethanol Production by Co-Cultivation of Yeast and Lactic Acid Bacteria on Starch
Authors:   Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, NAS of Ukraine, Fomina M.O. , Ianieva O.D. ,   Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, NAS of Ukraine, Havrylenko M.V. ,   Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, NAS of Ukraine, Golovach T.M. ,   Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, NAS of Ukraine, Pidgorskyi V.S. ,   Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, NAS of Ukraine
Published: August 2021

The co-cultivation of GRAS amylolytic bacteria together with ethanol-producing yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in starch-containing media might be one of the ways solving the problem of starch-containing waste disposal with simultaneous formation of ethanol as a potential biofuel for increasing octane number of gasoline. The aim of the study was to test the combination of microorganisms (amylolytic lactic acid bacteria and yeast) suitable for co-cultivation on starch and to optimize the conditions for starch cofermentation. Methods. Conventional microbiological, biochemical and statistical methods, including serial dilution technique with counting colony forming units (CFU) for growth assessment of mixed cultures, Gas Chromatograph/Mass Spectrometer (GC/MS) for measuring ethanol concentration and Box-Behnken experimental design (Statistica 10) for bioethanol production optimization, were used in this work. Results. The combination of microorganisms for mixed cultures co-cultivation in single-stage starch fermentation was established: the strain of ethanol-producing yeast S. cerevisiae UCM Y-527 and the amylolytic strain of lactic acid bacteria Streptococcus bovis IMV B-7151. Mathematical simulation using a Box-Behnken (3k-p) design determined the optimal parameters for the fermentation of starch in the process of co-cultivation of yeast and bacteria: 10 g/L of starch in the medium at simultaneous inoculations of both cultures and co-cultivation for 72 hours. The theoretically obtained parameters data were experimentally verified: the maximum ethanol yield 1.95 g/L in the experiment corresponded to the theoretically calculated values. Conclusions. It was suggested and optimized a method of starch cofermentation using strains of amylolytic lactic acid bacteria S. bovis IMV B-7151 and yeast S. cerevisiae UCM Y-527, which can be used for one-stage process of hydrolysis and fermentation of starch and starchcontaining wastes with the production of bioethanol and microbial biomass.
The New Biologically Active Metabolites from Aspergillus niveus 2411
Authors:   Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, NAS of Ukraine, Savchuk Ya.I. , Tsyhanenko K.S. ,   Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, NAS of Ukraine, Andrienko O.V. ,   Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, NAS of Ukraine, Kurchenko I.M. ,   Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, NAS of Ukraine
Published: August 2021

Pharmacological science possesses a significant number of compounds with antibiotic activity. By now the chemical structures have been identified and their properties have been described for the great number; many of them found practical use. But the main stimulus for the further new antibiotic compounds search is the acquired resistance of pathogenic organisms. Our previous investigations were devoted to antibiotic activity of Aspergillus niveus that is known as a producer of ferment preparations with wide activity spectrum. Aim. This investigation became the follow-up of our previous studies and its main task was to isolate, purify and obtain biologically active metabolite(s) from A. niveus 2411 strain in crystalline form, and to study its (their) physicochemical properties and biological activity. Methods. Biologically active metabolites were obtained by extraction, two-step column chromatography and recrystallization methods. The obtained substances were characterized by physical-chemical and microbiological methods. Results. Two substances in crystalline form with different spectrum of antibiotic activity against indicator test-cultures were obtained. The substance AN4 showed antibacterial, antifungal, and phytotoxic activities, while AN7 showed only antibacterial activity. Neither of obtained compounds showed dermatocidal or toxigenic activity in rabbit skin test. Obtained spectral characteristics of substances suggest that AN4 and AN7 substances are similar and belong to compounds with cyclic structures, have double linkage, methyl, aromatic, and carboxyl groups. Conclusions. Obtained data showed that antibiotic activity of A. niveus 2411 depend on the complex of biologically active metabolites with different biological and physicochemical properties. Two compounds AN4 and AN7 were isolated and purified from the fungal cultural filtrate of A. niveus 2411. The data of IR and UV spectra of these compounds and their profiles of biological activity don’t have significant differences with those of citrinin – a metabolite of A. niveus with antibiotic properties. However, based on the results obtained and comparisons with the data of other authors on metabolites of A. niveus, we suggest that the substances we isolated may be derivatives of citrinin.
Opioid Prescribing to US Children and Young Adults in 2019
Authors: Chua Kao-Ping , Brummett Chad M. , Conti Rena M. , Bohnert Amy S.
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND

Recent national data are lacking on the prevalence, safety, and prescribers of opioid prescriptions dispensed to children and young adults aged 0 to 21 years.

METHODS

We identified opioid prescriptions dispensed to children and young adults in 2019 in the IQVIA Longitudinal Prescription Database, which captures 92% of US pharmacies. We calculated the proportion of all US children and young adults with ≥1 dispensed opioid prescription in 2019. We calculated performance on 6 metrics of high-risk prescribing and the proportion of prescriptions written by each specialty. Of all prescriptions and those classified as high risk by ≥1 metric, we calculated the proportion written by high-volume prescribers with prescription counts at the ≥95th percentile.

RESULTS

Analyses included 4 027 701 prescriptions. In 2019, 3.5% of US children and young adults had ≥1 dispensed opioid prescription. Of prescriptions for opioid-naive patients, 41.8% and 3.8% exceeded a 3-day and 7-day supply, respectively. Of prescriptions for young children, 8.4% and 7.7% were for codeine and tramadol. Of prescriptions for adolescents and young adults, 11.5% had daily dosages of ≥50 morphine milligram equivalents; 4.6% had benzodiazepine overlap. Overall, 45.6% of prescriptions were high risk by ≥1 metric. Dentists and surgeons wrote 61.4% of prescriptions. High-volume prescribers wrote 53.3% of prescriptions and 53.1% of high-risk prescriptions.

CONCLUSIONS

Almost half of pediatric opioid prescriptions are high risk. To reduce high-risk prescribing, initiatives targeting high-volume prescribers may be warranted. However, broad-based initiatives are also needed to address the large share of high-risk prescribing attributable to other prescribers.
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Hypertension
Authors: Mishra Rima , Paneru Damaru Prasad
Published: August 2021

Aims: hypertension (HTN) is rapidly emerging as a public health problem among elderly in developing countries. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors among the elderly in Pokhara Metropolitan, Nepal.Methods: a cross-sectional analytical study was carried out to assess hypertension among 323 community dwelling elderly in Pokhara Metropolitan from October 2019 to March 2020. Quota sampling was used to collect the samples. Elderly those who were attending hospitals or with any serious medical conditions were excluded from the study. Face to face interview was done for data collection and anthropometric measurements, and semi structured standard STEPS questionnaires were used as data collection tools. Data were entered in Epi DATA [Version 3.1] and analyzed using SPSS [Version 20] as per data analysis plan. Bivariate logistic regression analysis were conducted and statistical significance was declared at a p-value ≤ 0.05.Results: prevalence of hypertension was reported among 34.4 percent (Male: 39.3%, Female 29%) elderly in Pokhara Metropolitan. The higher proportion of hypertensive cases were in age group 60-69 years (36%). The prevalence of hypertension was significantly associated with ethnicity (OR= 1.74, CI: 1.07-2.83), current alcohol intake (OR= 2.56, CI: 1.30-5.05) and mental stress (OR= 2.25, CI: 1.19-4.28).Conclusion: more than one third of the elderly had hypertension. Ethnicity, current alcohol intake and mental stress are found to be factors associated with hypertension. Periodic screening for early detection of hypertension and implementing health promotion interventions to encourage behavior change among elderly may promote healthy ageing.
Transtornos de Ansiedade em Idosos
Authors: Bellora Roberta Magalhães , Sgnaolin Vanessa , Engroff Paula , Dannebrock Letícia Güenter , Diefenthaeler Edgar Chagas , Neto Alfredo Cataldo
Published: August 2021

Objetivos: descrever a prevalência de transtornos de ansiedade e avaliar o perfil e os fatores associados em uma amostra de idosos atendidos no ambulatório de psiquiatria geriátrica de um hospital de Porto Alegre, Brasil.Métodos: trata-se de um estudo transversal que avaliou 69 idosos com diagnóstico de transtornos de ansiedade, atendidos no ambulatório de psiquiatria geriátrica, no período de 2014 a 2019.Resultados: a prevalência de transtornos de ansiedade foi de 21,9% e a média de idade 73,4±8,7 anos. Houve predomínio de indivíduos do sexo feminino (81,2%), com 5 a 8 anos de estudo (33,8%), casados (47,7%) e residentes de Porto Alegre (65,2%). Em relação a variáveis clínicas, a maior frequência dos idosos não apresentaram histórico familiar de doença ou de internação psiquiátrica. Do total, 92,6% relataram ter alguma comorbidade clínica, sendo a mais frequente as doenças cardiovasculares (69,8%). Os principais psicofármacos utilizados foram os antidepressivos (66,7%) e os benzodiazepínicos (44,9%).Conclusões: os transtornos de ansiedade são frequentes entre os idosos. Dessa forma, são necessários mais estudos na população geriátrica e padronizações das ferramentas de avaliação.
First records of Scinax ruberoculatus Ferrão, Fraga, Moravec, Kaefer & Lima, 2018 (Anura, Hylidae) in the state of Amapá, eastern Amazon, Brazil, with comments on its vocalization and distribution
Authors: Figueiredo Vinícius Antônio M. B. de , Tavares-Pinheiro Rodrigo , Gomes Lopes André , Pedroso-Santos Fillipe , Sanches Patrick R. , Sousa Jackson C. , Santos Joandro P. dos , Lima Jucivaldo D. , Lima Janaina R. F. , Costa-Campos Carlos Eduardo
Published: August 2021

We report the first records of Scinax ruberoculatus Ferrão, Fraga, Moravec, Kaefer & Lima, 2018 in the state of Amapá, Brazil. We provide an updated distribution map of this species, comment on its occurrence in French Guiana and Suriname, and provide morphometric and bioacoustic data for a population from the municipality of Porto Grande, Amapá, including the first description of the species’ territorial call. This record from Porto Grande extends the distribution of S. ruberoculatus approximately 1430 km northeast from its type locality and helps to better understand its actual distribution. 
Implementation of the LAMMPS Package on the T-System with Open Architecture
Authors: Abramov Sergey , Roganov Vladimir , Osipov Valeriy , Matveev German
Published: August 2021

Supercomputer applications are usually implemented in the C, C++, and Fortran programming languages using different versions of the Message Passing Interface library. The "T-system" project (OpenTS) studies the issues of automatic dynamic parallelization of programs. In practical terms, the implementation of applications in a mixed (hybrid) style is relevant, when one part of the application is written in the paradigm of automatic dynamic parallelization of programs and does not use any primitives of the MPI library, and the other part of it is written using the Message Passing Interface library. In this case, the library is used, which is a part of the T-system and is called DMPI (Dynamic Message Passing Interface). In this way, it is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of the MPI implementation available in the T-system. The purpose of this work is to examine the effectiveness of DMPI implementation in the T-system. In a classic MPI application, 0% of the code is implemented using automatic dynamic parallelization of programs and 100% of the code is implemented in the form of a regular Message Passing Interface program. For comparative analysis, at the beginning the code is executed on the standard Message Passing Interface, for which it was originally written, and then it is executed using the DMPI library taken from the developed T-system. Сomparing the effectiveness of the approaches, the performance losses and the prospects for using a hybrid programming style are evaluated. As a result of the conducted experimental studies for different types of computational problems, it was possible to make sure that the efficiency losses are negligible. This allowed to formulate the direction of further work on the T-system and the most promising options for building hybrid applications. Thus, this article presents the results of the comparative tests of LAMMPS application using OpenMPI and using OpenTS DMPI. The test results confirm the effectiveness of the DMPI implementation in the OpenTS parallel programming environment.
The prevalence of the technocratic model in obstetric care from the perspective of health professionals
Authors: Backes Marli Therezinha Stein , Carvalho Karini Manhães de , Ribeiro Larissa Nascimento , Amorim Tamiris Scoz , Santos Evanguelia Kotzias Atherino dos , Backes Dirce Stein
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify the reasons for the prevalence of the technocratic model in obstetric care from the perspective of health professionals. Methods: Grounded Theory. Study approved by two Research Ethics Committees and conducted by theoretical sampling, from July 2015 to June 2017. Twenty-nine interviews were conducted with health professionals from two maternity hospitals in the Southern Region of Brazil. Data collection and analysis was performed alternately; and analysis by open, axial, and selective coding/integration. Results: the technocratic model still persists because the assistance is performed in a mechanized way, centered on the professionals. There is a lack of systematization of care, and under-dimensioning of the nursing staff. Final Considerations: obstetric nurses need to review their performance in obstetric centers, the internal organization, the dimensioning of nursing professionals, and become protagonists of care. Investment in academic training/updating the knowledge of midwifery professionals, based on scientific evidence and user-centered care is necessary.
Gender debate as a challenge in nursing training
Authors: Nogueira Isabela Cristina , Santos Debora de Souza , Sanfelice Clara Fróes de Oliveira , Silva Eliete Maria , Assis Ana Elisa Spaolonzi Queiroz
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT Objectives: to understand the challenges of introducing gender debate in nursing training from undergraduate students’ perspective. Methods: a qualitative, exploratory-explanatory study. Data were collected through a semi-structured interview applied to 12 undergraduate nursing students at a public university in São Paulo. For data treatment and analysis, the Discourse of the Collective Subject was used in light of Boaventura de Sousa Santos’ knowledge production paradigm theoretical framework. Results: nursing education remains centered on the traditional scientific model, neglecting gender and strengthening stereotypes aimed at the feminization of the profession. Final Considerations: nursing training has a challenge of implementing actions that deepen the gender theme. Therefore, some strategies are suggested, such as improving professor training and appropriating emancipatory pedagogical practices; reviewing pedagogical political projects; curriculum theorization and restructuring; problematizing gender issues for nursing leadership.
Knowledge management: connections for teaching research in undergraduate nursing
Authors: Silva Ítalo Rodolfo , Ventura Carla Aparecida Arena , Costa Luana dos Santos , Silva Marcelle Miranda da , Silva Thiago Privado da , Mendes Isabel Amélia Costa
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT Objectives: to understand the meanings that nursing students and professors attribute to research and research teaching in the context of undergraduate studies. Methods: this is a qualitative research, whose theoretical and methodological frameworks were Complexity Theory and Grounded Theory. Sixteen students and 14 undergraduate nursing professors from a public university in Rio de Janeiro were interviewed. Semi-structured interviews were used for data collection. Results: causes, actions, and interactions related to research and teaching research in undergraduate nursing are connected with learning science for nursing praxis, which ranges from students' ability to question to their and their professors' understanding of social demands guided by science. Final Considerations: nursing professors and students signify research and teaching of this as a structure for the training of nurses for the critical professional capacity needed to meet social demands.
CONSTRUCTION AND VALIDATION OF A BOOKLET FOR SELF-EFFICACY OF ZIKA VIRUS PREVENTION
Authors: Dias Ítala Keane Rodrigues , Lopes Maria do Socorro Vieira , Melo Emanuella Silva Joventino , Maia Evanira Rodrigues , Martins Rosa Maria Grangeiro
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the construction and validation of a booklet for the Zika virus prevention. Method: this is a methodological research, carried out in four stages. In the first, the research project was elaborated. In the second stage, data were collected from an integrative review and a qualitative research using three focus groups. In the third stage, the booklet’s content and script were developed. In the fourth stage, there was validation by expert judges and by the target audience, Unified Health System users. Results: an illustrated, colorful booklet was built, containing comic books and informative texts. Twenty-three expert judges and 31 people participated in validation, Unified Health System users. In the first cycle of validation by judges, an overall Content Validity Index of 0.79 was obtained, and in the second, the index increased to 0.85. The average percentage of agreement of the target audience corresponded to 99%. In the final version, the booklet has 28 pages. Conclusion: the validated booklet presents potential elements to improve Zika prevention and other arboviruses that have similar forms of prevention.
Etiologic-sociodemographic assessment and comparison of dialysis modalities in pediatric Syrian migrants with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Çelakıl Mehtap , Çoban Yasemin
Published: August 2021

Abstract Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are among the important causes of mortality and morbidity in childhood. Early diagnosis and treatment of the underlying primary disease may prevent most of CKD patients from progressing to ESRD. There is no study examining chronic kidney diseases and dialysis modalities in Syrian immigrant children. We aimed to retrospectively research the etiologic, sociodemographic, and clinical factors in CKD among Syrian refugee children, and at the same time, to compare the clinical characteristics of patients with ESRD on peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis. Methods: Our study included a total of 79 pediatric Syrian patients aged from 2-16 years monitored at Hatay State Hospital pediatric nephrology clinic with diagnosis of various stages of CKD and with ESRD. Physical-demographic features and clinical-laboratory information were retrospectively screened. Results: The most common cause of CKD was congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tracts (CAKUT) (37.9%). Other causes were urolitiasis (15.1%), nephrotic syndrome (10.1%), spina bifida (8.8%), hemolytic uremic syndrome (7.5%), and glomerulonephritis (7.5%). Twenty-five patients used hemodialysis due to bad living conditions. Only 2 of the patients with peritoneal dialysis were using automatic peritoneal dialysis (APD), with 5 using continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Long-term complications like left ventricle hypertrophy and retinopathy were significantly higher among hemodialysis patients. There was no difference identified between the groups in terms of hypertension and sex. Conclusion: Progression to ESRD due to preventable reasons is very frequent among CKD patients. For more effective use of peritoneal dialysis in pediatric patients, the responsibility of states must be improved.
Africa’s Strategies of Development and International Insertion: The Hybridity of Agenda 2063
Authors: Oliveira Guilherme Ziebell de , Otavio Anselmo
Published: August 2021

Abstract The present work discusses the evolution of the development and international insertion strategies adopted by nations in the African continent since the mid-20th century, period during which they began to achieve formal independence. In this context, supported by a literature review and official documents issued by African international organisations, the aim of this analysis is to understand the meaning and the importance of Agenda 2063 for this issue. Based on this analysis, the article proposes to demonstrate that such an agenda represents the inauguration of a new development and international insertion strategy in the continent, a hybrid one, that reconciles elements of two of the previously adopted approaches: the strategies of contestation and of mutual and shared responsibility.