bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MIGRATION OF RUSSIAN POPULATION FROM 1880s TO 1940s: CONDITIONS, METHODOLOGY AND TECHNIQUE OF INVESTIGATION
Authors:   Tambov State University, Dyachkov V.
Published: April 2022

The article states the methodological and research technique conditions for the historical disclosure of the socio-natural synergy of social history in the specific case of Russian population migrations in the more than eventful period from the reign of Alexander III to the Great Patriotic War and the first post-war years, inclusive. The requirements for a modern researcher of social processes on long continuous series of complex sociographic and demographic information are formulated. The public and author's mass sources are named, which are necessary for identifying and comparing the synergisms of migrations at five levels of populations of individual settlements, a subregion, a region, a macro-region and the country as a whole, and an algorithm for their processing is shown. Some of the most important results of the study of migration as a complex socio-natural mechanism of regulation and control of populations are presented in graphs, diagrams, histograms and maps.
PROPORTIONS IN ARCHITECTURE AS A POSSIBILITY OF DETERMINING THE TIME OF ESTABLISHMENT OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS
Authors:   Institute of Cultural Heritage MER RM, Nesterova T.
Published: April 2022

The article discusses the methodology for determining the time of erection of architectural monuments, which is based on the proportions of the volumetric-spatial structure of buildings. In all historical periods, the architecture of buildings was created based on mathematically precise calculations, known as architectural proportions, which acquired metaphysical properties under the influence of ancient philosophy and continued to be used until the late Middle Ages. Depending on the archetype of buildings, the relationship between structural and architectural parts came from a certain part of the building, the so-called module, which changes over time and geographical areas. There are two main types of architectural proportions: constructive and artistic, the first being the most conservative, and the second varying, determining stylistic temporal preferences. In the process of studying the architectural heritage of medieval Moldavia, both types of proportions were identified, amenable to numerical and metrological measurements. In the examples given, the proportions were used to determine the architectural form and antiquity of the buildings.
LANDSCAPES AND SOILS OF THE MIDDLE AND LOWER VOLGA REGION IN THE PAST AND IN THE PRESENT
Authors: Reshetnikova R. , Kovaleva N.
Published: April 2022

The landscapes of the Volga region during the Holocene underwent changes associated with climate fluctuations, a change in the direction of soil-forming processes, and an intensification of anthropogenic activity. The nature of the soil cover also changed - in the chestnut soils prevailing in the region in the late Holocene, the processes of salinization and alkalinization began to appear gradually and with varying intensity. In the Middle Ages, a favorable climate and fertile soils were one of the factors that led to the flourishing of the cities of the Golden Horde in the Volga region. One of them is the commercial city of Beljamen (now the village of Dubovka). With the beginning of the Little Ice Age, the deterioration of the soil began, and at the same time the Volga Germans came to the territory of the region, whose settlements are now partially abandoned (the village of Galka, the village of Shcherbakovka). The next stage in the transformation of landscapes was the construction of reservoirs on the Volga, which caused flooding of many lands and villages, landslides and degradation of soil and water conditions. At present, dry steppes with chestnut, saline and saline soils prevail in the Volga region (the village of Nizhnyaya Bannovka), which are not always favorable for agriculture, and many settlements are abandoned.
THE BEGINNING OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF FOREST-STEPPE LANDSCAPES NEAR THE BELGOROD LINE (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE SETTLEMENTS OF THE KOZLOVSKY AND TAMBOV COUNTIES OF THE 17-th CENTURY)
Authors: Kanishchev V. , Mizis Yu.
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the first signs of the invasion of the population of the agrarian society into the environment of the Eastern European forest-steppe at the initial stage of its agricultural population. The research is based on the materials of the scribal books of the Kozlovsky and Tambov counties of the 1650s-1670s. The source information was systematized in the form of a database on the Excel. They allowed us to calculate the maximum total area of the most obvious anthropogenic impact on virgin steppe and meadow lands – arable land of different owners (service people, palace peasants, "dety boyarskie", churches and monasteries) for each village. The grouping of the settled data showed their relatively large size of possessions – the predominance of a group of arable land over 500 des. to the village. A very high per capita provision of land was revealed-almost everywhere over 5 des., which was considered the basis of a prosperous peasant economy for the black-earth area with traditional agricultural technologies. On the other hand, it is shown that almost everywhere the demographic burden on land was much lower than 0.25 workers per des. of arable land, which was subsequently considered as a sign of agrarian overpopulation and a demoecological crisis. The results of the study of scribal books also indicate that already in the initial period of the Russian development of this section of the forest-steppe, the size of agricultural land significantly exceeded the area of livestock land. The authors also raised the question of the need to study the size of forest reduction using GIS technologies and unmanned aerial vehicles.
DNIESTER FORTIFICATIONS ON THE OLD MAPS
Authors:   Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Herzen A.
Published: April 2022

Old maps of the North-Western Black Sea region of the era of antiquity (reconstructions and reproductions of works of ancient Greek and Roman authors), the Middle Ages (Arabic, Italian, etc.), the Renaissance period (A. Bianco, F. Mauro, B. Wapowski, M. Beneventano, N. de Cusa, S. Münster, I. Honter, I. Stumpf, G. Reichersdorff, M. Bronovius and others) and modern times (G. Gastaldi, A. Ortelius, V. Godreccio, A. Pograbius, G. L. Boplan , V. Hondius, J.A.B. Rizzi-Zannoni, F.V. Bawr and others) contain information about numerous fortifications on the banks of the Dniester, in the immediate vicinity of the river and within the basin. The analyzed cartographic works are key for identifying fortifications in the study area, determining the stages of the historic-geographical evolution of the region and the development of cartography in general.
FORESTS ON THE MAPS OF THE NORTHERN BLACK SEA REGION AND PERSPECTIVES OF THEIR CONSERVATION
Authors:   Institute of Geography, RAS, Belonovskaya E. , Tishkov A. , Tsarevskaya N.
Published: April 2022

With the help of old and modern maps with vegetation, cover the analyses of changes of forest cover of the Northern Black Sea region was carried out. Several groups of cartographic works were identified, the accuracy of which and the detail of the image of forest vegetation depended not only on technical capabilities, but also on the goals and objectives of the maps. The special accuracy of modern topographic and thematic maps is noted, in the compilation of which the latest GIS and remote sensing methodologies are used. A gradual decrease in forest cover has been established from 20-25% to almost 10-12%. The perspectives for territorial conservation of unique sub-Mediterranean forest communities that have survived in the region since the Tertiary period are assessed. It is recommended not only the creation of new specially protected natural areas (SPNA), but also the introduction of a legislatively special environmental management regime that determines the ubiquity of nature protection and the regulation of economic activity for the region.
Caracterización fisicoquímica y biológica de los lixiviados procedentes del sitio de disposición final no controlado en Tlapacoyan, Veracruz, México
Authors: López Ramírez Miguel Angel , Aburto Gutiérrez Yasser Armando , Ocaña Drouaillet Keila Elena , Olaya Pirene Castellanos Onorio , Reynoso Fabiola Lango , Ramírez Maribel López
Published: April 2022

Uno de los principales problemas en México es la contaminación por lixiviados que se producen en los sitios de disposición final de residuos ya que son altamente tóxicos y dañan a la biota. Esta investigación se centra en determinar las características del lixiviado producido en el sitio de disposición final no controlado del municipio de Tlapacoyan, Veracruz (México). Como resultado, se determinó que los parámetros que producen daño a la biota son nitrógeno total (152.759 mg L-1), mercurio (0.006 mg L-1), cadmio (0.003 mg L-1), cobre (0.052 mg L-1), cromo (0.0731 mg L-1), níquel (0.0524 mg L-1), plomo (0.005 mg L-1) y coliformes totales (>2 400 NMP), al no cumplir al menos una de las normas nacionales e internacionales de límites máximos permisibles. Asimismo, se determinó que el lixiviado producido en este sitio es del tipo maduro y poco biodegradable (DBO/DQO=0.018), por lo que los métodos típicos o de biorremediación no son recomendables para su tratamiento
Understanding the Role of Formal and Informal Support Resources for Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Avery Kaitlyn , Van Rhijn Tricia , Maich Kimberly
Published: April 2022

This research examines the extent to which parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) perceive support resources to be available, accessible, and/or effective in supporting their needs. A focus on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the availability and effectiveness of service delivery is included. A total of 35 parents in Ontario, Canada with a child aged 6–17 with ASD completed an online survey responding to questions about involvement in ASD services, use of formal and informal supports, important support needs, which needs were being met, and perceptions of unmet needs, all which were thematically analysed. The analysis demonstrates that parents experience multiple barriers in accessing supports, particularly from formal sources. Further, the barriers were heightened during the pandemic particularly in relation to the multiple role responsibilities that parents had to take on due to a discontinuity of support provision. Most of these parents put their own support needs aside to focus on their child, with the support their child receives directly relating to the ability to attend to their own needs. Parents identified challenges related to uncertain funding, limits of a one-size-fits-all model of support, and lengthy waitlists. Recommendations for family-centred care and the need for service coordinators to work with families to assist in navigating the complex support system are provided.
Psychosocial Problems of Rape among Secondary School Students as Perceived by Parents in Ilorin South of Kwara State
Authors: Akunna Agubosi Lydia , Ajokpaniovo Michael , Gbenga Adegbite Tobi
Published: April 2022

This study examined the psychosocial problems of rape in Ilorin South of Kwara State. A descriptive survey design was employed in the study. The population consisted of parents in Ilorin South of Kwara State, with a sample of two hundred and twenty respondents being selected through a multistage sampling method. A researcher designed instrument tagged ‘Psychosocial Problems of Rape Questionnaire (PPRQ)’ was used to collect data. The instrument was well validated by experts in test and measurement.  Reliability was ascertained through a test retest method which yielded a reliability co-efficient of 0.77. One research question and four hypotheses guided the study. Data was analysed with mean and rank order, t-test and Analysis of variance. Hypotheses were tested at a 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that the psychosocial problems of rape include: an inferiority complex, a feeling of being unsafe, a low self-esteem, depression, emotional stress, social withdrawal, among other problems. Findings also showed that age, gender and religion did not influence the respondents or their responses on the problems of rape, while they differed in their responses based on their educational level. Based on the findings, it was recommended as follows: government should set up serious measures to tackle incidences of rape in schools and punish the rapists severely, and schools should, through counselling, educate the students on how to avoid being victims of rape. Schools should also be fenced all round.
It's all about the Family: Research on Dutch Families with Multiple and Complex Problems
Authors: Smit E.H. (Dineke)
Published: April 2022

Despite the scaling up of family-focused interventions, the number of child out-of-home placements continued to rise in the Netherlands. Most of these children came from families with multiple and complex problems. The underlying reasons for the rise of out-of-home placements were unknown. The main goal is to prevent children from being placed in out-of-home care. To achieve this, research was conducted to gain insight into the experiences of youth care professionals using family-focused interventions. A mixed method research study was done based on the questionnaire of Bodden and Decovic (2015). Qualitatively, 16 semi-structured interviews with youth care providers were conducted and a quantitative statistical analysis of 206 cases of families with multiple and complex problems were analyzed. Family-focused interventions are highly regarded and used by all stakeholders. However, help for families with multiple and complex problems is fragmented and so are the multiple (and possibly contradictory) family interventions. All 206 cases showed problems in all domains. Factors that interfere with family functioning are the most common, child factors the least. There is no significant relationship between child out-of-home placement and child factors. With each additional family problem, the chance of out-of-home placement increases by 10%. This study shows the complexity, not only of the families themselves but also the caregivers involved in these families. It is important to recognize and understand this complexity. Dealing with this complexity requires a different approach. The addition of a client supporter or an expert by experience is recommended.
Consensual Non-Monogamy and Relationship Satisfaction
Authors: Killeen Eric
Published: April 2022

While monogamy is often depicted as the “normal,” ideal relationship model in our society, consensually non-monogamous relationship forms, wherein participants openly and transparently agree to pursue sexual and/or emotional connections with individuals beyond the dyad, are increasing in prevalence. This paper investigates the existing evidence as to whether individuals in these relationships are happier than those engaged in conventional monogamy, analyzing past research and breaking down demographic and social factors that may both enhance and attenuate non-monogamous relationship satisfaction. There is evidence that non-monogamy increases relationship satisfaction for at least some individuals, but there is little compelling evidence that all monogamists would be happier exploring non-monogamy. Given the relatively recent emergence of research in this area, further research would be beneficial.
PENGARUH PANDEMI COVID-19 TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN MANAJEMEN KEUANGAN DAN NILAI PERUSAHAAN LQ45 YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Burhanudin Burhanudin , Darwini Sri , Wardani Laila
Published: April 2022

The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic was not only felt in the field of health, but also had an impact on the economy. This research aims to find out the difference between Funding Policy (DAR), Investment Policy (FAR), Dividend Policy (DPR) and company value (Tobin's Q) before and during the Covid-19 pandemic in LQ 45 Companies listed on IDX. The results showed that there was no significant difference in DAR, FAR, DPR and Tobin's Q before and during the Covid-19 pandemic in the LQ 45 Company listed on the IDX. Before covid 19 DAR and DPR had a positive and significant effect on Tobin's Q. While during covod 19 only dpr had a positive and significant effect on Tobin's Q LQ 45 company registered with idx.
In-silico Studies of Phytochemicals of Ashwagandha, Harsingar, Meethi neem and Tulsi Against Covid-19
Authors: Anand Vandita , Srivastava Saumya , Pandey Anjana
Published: April 2022

Abstract. The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic and risk to the healthcare system of almost every nation around the world. The endocytic pathway has been considered as a key factor in viral infection. In the case of CoVs, several investigations have shown that these viruses mainly follow the clathrin-mediated endocytic pathway. As a result, inhibiting the clathrin-mediated endocytic pathway might be a useful therapeutic approach. In this study, bioactive components of Harsingar, Meethi neem, Tulsi and Ashwagandha extract was analyzed by HR-LCMS and among them 55 phytochemical compounds were selected based on antiviral and steroidal properties. 55 phytochemical compounds of four Indian herbal plants were used to analyze their binding with clathrin protein associated with COVID -19. Based on the molecular docking as well as ADMET analysis, Ashwagandha, Harsingar, Meethi neem and Tulsi were identified as potential herbal medicine candidates. We have found that the inhibition potentials of the Ashwagandha, Harsingar, Meethi neem and Tulsi are very promising with no side effects.
 
Resumen. La enfermedad provocada por el coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) se ha convertido en una pandemia global y pone en riesgo a los sistemas de salud de casi cualquier nación en el mundo. Se ha considerado que la ruta endocítica es un factor clave en la infección viral. En el caso de CoVs, varias investigaciones han mostrado que estos virus siguen la ruta endocítica mediada por la clatrina. Como resultado, inhibir la ruta endocítica mediada por la clatrina puede ser una propuesta terapéutica útil. En este estudio, se analizaron extractos de componentes bioactivos de Harsingar, Meethi neem, Tulsi y Ashwagandha por HR-LCMS y entre ellos se seleccionaron 55 compuestos fitoquímicos basados en sus propiedades antivirales y esteroidales. Estos 55 compuestos obtenidos de 4 plantas herbáceas se utilizaron para analizar su interacción con la proteína clatrina asociada al COVID-19. Basados en el acoplamiento molecular así como en el análisis ADMET, se determinó que Harsingar, Meethi neem, Tulsi y Ashwagandha son candidatos potenciales de medicinas herbáceas. Hemos encontrado que los potenciales de inhibición de Harsingar, Meethi neem, Tulsi y Ashwagandha son muy promisorios y no muestran efectos colaterales.
Selective Pb(II)-Imprinted Polymer for Solid Phase Extraction in the Trace Determination of Lead in Infant Formula by Capillary Electrophoresis
Authors: Flores-Aguilar Juan Francisco , Islas Gabriela , Rodríguez José Antonio , Paez-Hernandez María Elena , Galan-Vidal Carlos Andrés , Ibarra Israel Samuel
Published: April 2022

Abstract. A lead ion-imprinted polymer (IIP) based on methacrylic acid (MAA) and 4-vinylpyridine (4VP) as functional monomers has been synthesized by a radical precipitation method. The complex Pb-MAA-4VP was polymerized with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the cross-linker agent. The material was used in solid phase extraction (SPE) coupled with capillary electrophoresis (CE) for the determination of lead in infant formula samples. The physical-chemical properties of the IIP were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, IR spectroscopy, and Freundlich and Dubinin-Raduskevich models. The IIP selectivity was determined in presence of Ca(II), Mg(II), Cd(II), Cr(III) and Cu(II), which are present in the infant formula sample. The proposed methodology (SPE-CE) for the determination of lead has a limit of detection of 0.5 µg L-1 and a limit of quantification of 1.5 µg L-1, with an intra and inter-day repeatability of less than 5 % RSD in all cases. Four of twenty samples were positive for lead with concentrations ranging from 10 to 43 µg kg-1, and the results were compared with ETAAS. ANOVA demonstrated no significant difference between the results obtained by SPE-CE and ETAAS (α = 0.05 %).
 
Resumen. Se realizó la síntesis de un polímero impreso de iones (IIP) vía radicales libres para la extracción efectiva de plomo, empleando como monómeros funcionales ácido metacrilico (MAA) y 4-vinilpiridina (4VP). El complejo Pb-MAA-4VP fue polimerizado empleando al dimetacrilato de etilenglicol como agente entrecruzante. El polímero fue utilizado en un sistema de extracción en fase sólida (SPE) acoplado a electroforesis capilar (CE) en la determinación de plomo en muestras de fórmulas infantiles. El IIP óptimo fue caracterizado respecto a su morfología y propiedades fisicoquímicas mediante microscopia electrónica de barrido, espectroscopia IR e isotermas de adsorción (modelo Freundlich y Dubinin-Raduskevich).  La selectividad del IIP se estudió en presencia de iones metálicos contenidos en las fórmulas infantiles tales como: Ca(II), Mg(II), Cd(II), Cr(III) y Cu(II). La metodología propuesta en el presente trabajo (IIP-SPE-CE) mostró límites de detección de 0.5 µg L-1 y límites de cuantificación de 1.5 µg L-1, con una repetitividad y reproducibilidad adecuadas (< 5 % DER) en todos los casos. Cuatro de las veinte muestras analizadas dieron positivo a la presencia de plomo con concentraciones entre 10 a 43 µg L-1, dichos resultados fueron comparados con una metodología de referencia (ETAAS). El análisis de ANOVA demostró que no existe diferencia significativa entre los resultados obtenidos por IIP-SPE-CE y ETAAS (α=0.05 %).
Elderly Fall Detection by Sensitive Features Based on Image Processing and Machine Learning
Authors: Olyaei Mohammad Hasan , Olyaei Ali , Hamidi Sumaya
Published: April 2022

The world’s elderly population is growing every year. It is easy to say that the fall is one of the major dangers that threaten them. This paper offers a Trained Model for fall detection to help the older people live comfortably and alone at home. The purpose of this paper is to investigate appropriate methods for diagnosing falls by analyzing the motion and shape characteristics of the human body. Several machine learning technologies have been proposed for automatic fall detection. The proposed research reported in this paper detects a moving object by using a background subtraction algorithm with a single camera. The next step is to extract the features that are very important and generally describe the human shape and show the difference between the human falls from the daily activities. These features are based on motion, changes in human shape, and oval diameters around the human and temporal head position. The features extracted from the human mask are eventually fed in to various machine learning classifiers for fall detection. Experimental results showed the efficiency and reliability of the proposed method with a fall detection rate of 81% that have been tested with UR Fall Detection dataset.
Kebangkitan Islam dan Respon Umat Kristen: Kajian Peran Seminar Agama-Agama Persekutuan Gereja-gereja di Indonesia
Authors: Renhoard John Mussa
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Tension between Christians and Muslims that occurred since 1965 and 1970 aroused the response of Christians, in this case the Communion of Churches in Indonesia (PGI), to build a dialogue between Christians and Muslims in the Seminar on Religions (SAA). The purpose of this study is to examine the important role of the SAA and how it should be carried out. This research was conducted using the historical method. Through this study, SAA's activities are considered to have contributed in building mutual understanding between Christians and Muslims through dialogue involving leaders from both religions.Abstrak. Ketegangan di antara umat Kristen dan Islam yang terjadi sejak tahun 1965 dan tahun 1970 membangkitkan respon umat Kristen, dalam hal ini Persekutuan Gereja-gereja di Indonesia (PGI), untuk membangun dialog antara Kristen dan Islam dalam kegiatan Seminar Agama-Agama (SAA). Tujuan dari kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji seberapa penting peran SAA dan bagaimana seharusnya SAA dijalankan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode sejarah. Melalui studi ini kegiatan SAA dinilai telah memberikan sumbangsih dalam membangun saling pengertian antara umat Kristen dan Islam melalui dialog yang melibatkan para tokohdari kedua agama tersebut.
Analysis of ways to increase stability of cryptographic algorithms on algebraic lattices against time attacks
Authors: Petrenko О.E. , Petrenko О.S. , Sievierinov О.V. , Fiediushyn О.І. , Zubrych А.V. , Shcherbina D.V.
Published: April 2022

The aim of this work is to study the algorithms, the stability of which is based on the search for a short lattice vector, as well as to obtain time-resistant parameters of these algorithms. Existing methods for generating keys and choosing parameters for cryptographic transformations on algebraic lattices resistant to time attacks are considered. It is shown that the uniform distribution of coefficients for generating the NTRU algorithm keys has certain shortages, namely, a limited number of parameters suitable for use in cryptographical transformations. This is due to the vulnerability of this algorithm to time attacks. The possibility of using a discrete normal (Gaussian) distribution to form a key pair, which will prevent the sensitivity of the algorithm to time attacks, is considered. This method of generation requires checking the obtained sample for compliance with the properties of the normal distribution. The usage of SAGA tests has been proposed. They make it possible to check the Gaussian samples obtained using the discrete normal distribution. The verification result shows whether or not the sample has properties that are inherent in the normal distribution. The application of the SAGA statistical tests to the NTRU cryptographic transformation polynomials allowed us to conclude that the discrete Gaussian sample makes it possible to generate time-resistant parameters using the norm or the length of the short basis (vector) of the lattice as the mean-square deviation.
Estimation of the relative throughput of aircraft transponders of secondary airspace surveillance radar systems
Authors: Tkach M.G.
Published: April 2022

Secondary radar systems for monitoring airspace play a significant role in the information support of airspace control systems and air traffic control. These systems provide radar surveillance of airborne objects equipped with aircraft transponders and provide two-way communication via data request and response channels between ground radar stations and airborne objects.
The paper assesses the relative throughput of aircraft transponders of secondary radar systems for monitoring airspace under the influence of correlated and uncorrelated interference in the request channel. The assessment of the throughput of the aircraft transponder shows that the aircraft transponder does not reach the maximum load included in the existing identification system under the influence of deliberate correlated interference. This indicates a sub-optimal determination of the aircraft transponder load factor of the existing secondary radar system. Incorrect determination of the maximum load of the aircraft transponder leads to a decrease in the noise immunity of both the aircraft transponder and the entire secondary radar system. At the same time, it should be noted that the interested party has the possibility of unauthorized use of an aircraft transponder to obtain information or paralyze the latter when applying interference of the required intensity.
INFLUENCE OF MACRO ENVIRONMENT ON TOURISM VALUE CHAIN IN VIETNAM: CASE OF DAKLAK PROVINCE
Authors:   Vietnam National University, Center for Socio-Economic Analysis and Databases (CSEAD), Hanoi, Vietnam, NGUYEN The Kien , HA Thi Kim Duyen ,   Tay Nguyen University, Đaklak, Faculty of Economics, Daklak, Vietnam, PHAM Thanh Ha ,   University of Social and Humanities, Faculty of Business, Hanoi, Vietnam, PHAM Thi Minh Nguyet ,   Faculty of Business Administration, Department of logistics and supply chain managemaint, Thainguyen, Vietnam, LE Khanh Cuong ,   Vietnam National University, University of Economics and Business Hanoi, Vietnam, LE Van Son ,   Vietnam Women's Academy, Faculty of Business and Administration, Hanoi, Vietnam, NGUYEN Hong Thai ,   University of Transport and Communication HaNoi, Faculty of Transport Economic, Hanoi, Vietnam
Published: April 2022

The main aim of this research is to clarify the macro – environment factors that stimulate the visit intention and purchase intention of tourists. To reach the end this research applied the quantitative approach by the data collected from a questionnaire survey. There are 288 valid questionnaires that are collected from tourists who visit Daklak province – in the Central highlands of Vietnam. The authors tested the proposed hypothesis by SPSS software. The results showed that the economic, infrastructure, integration, politics have positive effects on both tourists’ visit intention and product purchase intention. Moreover, the resource has positive influences on tourists’ visit intention but do not has effect on purchase intention.
Safety of Therapy with Tocilizumab and Other Interleukin Inhibitors
Authors: Petrov V. I. , Ryazanova A. Y. , Nekrasov D. A. , Svinukhov V. I. , Privaltseva N. S.
Published: April 2022

Monoclonal antibodies directed against interleukin and interleukin receptors have been successfully used for the treatment of rheumatic diseases since 2001, and since 2020 they have been used as part of complex therapy for patients with severe COVID-19. This raises the question of safety of these products, especially when used for new indications. The aim of the study was to analyse data on potential adverse reactions to tocilizumab and other interleukin inhibitors in order to increase the safety of pharmacotherapy of systemic connective tissue diseases, as well as of severe COVID-19. Literature data suggest that the most frequent adverse reactions to tocilizumab and other interleukin inhibitors are infections, hypercholesterolemia, leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and increased liver enzyme activity. Hypersensitivity and acute infusion reactions, manifested as pseudoallergic reactions, also pose serious health risks and can even be fatal. However, the identification of undesirable reactions to interleukin inhibitors is challenging, due to their prolonged intake and long intervals between injections. Besides, they are often used in combination with other medicines, such as methotrexate or glucocorticosteroids, which complicates establishment of a reliable correlation between an adverse reaction and a particular medicine. At present, the safety of tocilizumab and other interleukin inhibitors for the treatment of severe COVID-19 has not been studied properly and needs further research with an increased number of participants and a careful analysis of the risk/benefit ratio of these medicines when used for COVID-19 treatment.
Spontaneous Reporting Method Used for Safety Evaluation of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Paracetamol Products, Based on Assessment of Data from Periodic Reports
Authors: Matveev A. V. , Egorova E. A. , Krasheninnikov A. E. , Konyaeva E. I.
Published: April 2022

High rates of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), as well as their irrational and uncontrolled use for self-medication require continuous updating of information on safety profiles of these products.

The aim of the study was to assess the reporting rate, frequency, and severity of ADRs to NSAIDs and paracetamol products, based on data from periodic safety update reports (PSURs) submitted to the autonomous non-profit organisation “National Pharmacovigilance Research Centre”.

Materials and methods: the study covered 104 PSURs for NSAIDs and paracetamol products. Consumption levels were calculated in patient days (PTDs) and patient years (PTYs) for each international nonproprietary name (INN). The authors also analysed clinical manifestations and severity of ADRs.

Results: the total number of PTDs and PTYs for all NSAIDs and paracetamol products, including combination medicines, was 1 963 750 485 PTDs or 5 380 138.3 PTYs, respectively. The PSURs reported 459 ADRs, of which 304 (66.2%) were serious ADRs (SADRs). The comparative analysis of ADR frequencies, expressed as the “ADR/PTY” ratio, for individual products, helped to identify INNs with the highest reporting rates.

Conclusions: high ADR/PTY and SADR/PTY values indicating better ADR reporting for some INNs, were observed for piroxicam, paracetamol, dexketoprofen, and ketoprofen, while the lowest values were observed for the “acetyl salicylic acid+caffeine+paracetamol” combination, acetylsalicylic acid, and phenylbutazone. Thus, the comparison of ADR/PTY and SADR/PTY ratios can be recommended as an inclusive approach both for analysis of reporting trends for individual products and for comparison of reporting rates of different medicinal products.
Elenchos in Plato’s Sophist
Authors: Jeng I-Kai
Published: April 2022

This paper examines the terms ‘elenchos’ and ‘elenchō’ as they occur in the Sophist in order to reveal a refined view of elenchos as a philosophical method. The explicit discussion of elenchos as a method in 226a6–231b8 must be read together with other passages described by these terms. Once this is done, it shall be seen that there are two types of elenchus employed in several ways. The first type, which I identify with the familiar Socratic elenchus, is used to purge false opinions or to arrive at plausible answers to philosophical difficulties. The second type, which appears to be the Stranger’s own method, is used to positively disclose relations between Forms. On this reading, elenchos is not merely destructive or preparatory for dialectic; it also forms a part of it.
PERSPECTIVE GEOTOURIST ROUTES OF THE PRIGORGAN PRECARPATHIAN MOUNTAINS
Authors: Manko Andriy , Bayrak Galyna , Monastyrskyy Volodymyr
Published: April 2022

The geotourism routes of Prigorgan Precarpathia is considered, which has been gaining popularity over the last decade in connection with global environmental initiatives, a trend focused on sustainable consumption of tourism services and a healthy lifestyle. The uniqueness of geotourist routes of Prigorgan Precarpathians is due to the complex geological-geomorphological structure of the study area, which in turn led to the diversity of flora and fauna, the presence of attractive natural monuments (waterfalls, rocks, outcrop of rocks), which makes the area promising for various tourist activities. The article analyzes ways to promote this relatively new for the tourism industry of Ukraine type of tourism in order to form a powerful geotourism platform as one of the leading sectors of the domestic tourism industry. Prigorgansky Precarpathian, given the strong recreational, historical, cultural and geotourism potential of the studied region, it is advisable to offer the following tourist routes.
Route № 1: a) Nadvirna (outcrop "Nadvirnyanska rock", channel relief of the river Bystritsa Nadvirnyanska); b) Pniv (Pniv Castle, museum of Oil Fields, outcrops "Pnivska Skladka"; c) Loeva (leveling surface, observation deck Gora Strahora) d) Delyatyn – then the route continues to Bukovel, Verkhovyna Carpathians, mountains Chornohora and Svydivets.
Route № 2: a) Delyatyn (flysch outcrop and terrace of the Prut, Zarichchya and Lubizhnyansky Hook waterfalls); b) Dobrotiv (observation deck near Dobrotov, leveling surface Krasna); c) Lanchyn outcrop; d) Krutizh waterfall; d) town Kolomyia e) Markivsky waterfall.
Route № 3: a) Bohorodchany (Bohorodchany Castle, Earth History Park Underhill in the village of Pidhirya); b) pseudovolcano Starunya; c) Manyava (Manyava skyt, Blessed Stone rock) – route to Gorgan, to Manyavsky, Bytkivsky waterfalls.
Route № 4: a) town Valley, Verkhniy Struten (outcrops of the Chechvyn tuffs and the flysch of the Lopyanets formation); b) Pavlovsky stone and Ripnensky stone rocks, Pidhurkalo waterfall; c) Perechynske – channel of the Limnytsia river; d) Zakernychna: Holy Intercession Monastery, observation deck, outcrop of rocks and waterfalls Skruntar, Churikov, Pod Golitsye; e) Vagilevich Museum in the village of Yasen – route to the village Osmoloda and the mountains of Gorgan.
Key words: Prigorganske Precarpathia; geotourism; geotourist routes; tourist infrastructure.
Hydromalacological researches in the Siverskyi Donets River Basin (south of the Eastern European Plain): A review
Authors:   V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Ukraine, Pisaryev S. M.
Published: April 2022

An analytical review of literature sources is presented, it contains information about the freshwater malacofauna of the basin of the Siverskyi Donets River, the right, largest tributary of the Don River, south of the East European Plain. A scheme of conditional subdivision of hydromalacological studies into three historical periods is proposed. The characteristics of the contribution of each of the researchers to the study of the hydromalacological fauna of the region is given. A list of all species of freshwater mollusks found in the region over a 190-year period of research (1832–2022) is provided. The identification of the names of mollusks recorded in the historical literature for the mollusks of the Siverskyi Donets River Basin is given. The ways and methods of the current research of the hydromalacological fauna of the region are characterized. The entire history of the Siverskyi Donets River Basin freshwater mollusks study can be conventionally divided into three periods. During the first period (the1830s–1920s), information about the presence of 42 species of gastropods and 14 species of bivalve mollusks in the Siverskyi Donets River Basin was published for the first time. One species new to science was described. In the second period (the1920s–1950s), the regional malacofauna was replenished with five new species, and the total list had already reached 61 species. Between the 1950s and 1970s was the time of a big break in the history of the study of the regional malacofauna. The third period spans from the 1970s to the present time. This is the period of study of the composition and structure of the malacocenoses in the middle and upper part of the basin.
Hemodiyaliz Hastalarının Fiziksel Aktivite Düzeyleri, Algılanan Egzersiz Yararları, Engelleri ve İlişkili Faktörler
Authors: Vural Doğru Birgül , Sayın Kasar Kadriye
Published: April 2022

Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı, hemodiyaliz hastalarının fiziksel aktivite
düzeyleri, algılanan egzersiz yararları ve engelleri ile ilişkili
faktörlerin belirlenmesidir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: İlişkisel tipteki bu çalışmanın örneklemini, EkimAralık 2019 tarihleri arasında İç Anadolu ve Akdeniz bölgesinde
bulunan iki kurumun diyaliz ünitesinde tedavi alan 101 hasta
oluşturmuştur.
Bulgular: Egzersiz Yararları ve Engelleri Ölçeği toplam puan
ortalaması 62.47±10.60’dir. En sık algılanan egzersiz faydaları kas
atrofisini önlemek ve yaşam kalitesini arttırmak iken; en sık görülen
egzersiz engelleri ise egzersiz susatabilir ve yorgunluktur. Hastaların
fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri ile Egzersiz Yararları ve Engelleri Ölçeği alt
boyutları ve toplam puanı arasında pozitif yönde zayıf ilişki
bulunmuştur (sırasıyla r=0.415, 0.404, 0.487; p <0.001). Hastaların
yaşı ile Algılanan Egzersiz Yararları alt boyutu arasında negatif
yönde zayıf (r=-0.368, p<0.001), Egzersiz Engelleri alt boyutu ve
toplam ölçek puanı arasında ise negatif yönde orta düzeyde ilişki
bulunmuştur (r=0-.529, p<0.001; r=-0.536, p<0.001). Beden kitle
indeksi ile Egzersiz Engelleri ve Yararları alt boyutu ve toplam ölçek
puanı arasında negatif yönde zayıf ilişki bulunmuştur (sırasıyla r=-
0.248, p=0.013; r=-0.284, p=0.004; r=-0.301, p=0.002).
Sonuç: Hemodiyaliz tedavisi gören kronik böbrek hastalarının
fiziksel aktivite düzeylerinin sağlığı korumak için yeterli olmadığı
belirlenmiştir. Hastaların algıladıkları egzersiz yararları, egzersiz
engellerinden daha yüksektir. Hastaların bireysel toleransına göre
fiziksel aktivite düzeylerinin arttırılması ve egzersizde algıladığı
engelleri aşmak için bireye özgü müdahalelerin geliştirilmesi
önerilmektedir.
Bir Üniversite Hastanesinde Çalışan Hekim ve Hemşirelerin Tıbbi Hata Tutumlarının Belirlenmesi
Authors: Kavuran Esin , Çetinkaya Funda
Published: April 2022

Amaç: Tanımlayıcı türde yapılan bu çalışmanın amacı bir üniversite hastanesinde çalışan hemşire ve hekimlerin tıbbi hata tutumlarını belirlemektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma verileri Eylül-Ekim 2020 tarihleri arasında bir üniversite hastanesinde toplanmıştır. Çalışma örneklemini 110 hemşire, 91 hekim oluşturmuştur. Veriler, birey tanıtım formu ve Tıbbi Hatalarda Tutum Ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır.
Bulgular: Hekimlerin %48.4’ünün 30-39 yaş aralığı, %69.2’sinin erkek olduğu, hemşirelerin %48.2’sinin 20-29 yaş aralığı ve %73.8’inin kadın olduğu belirlenmiştir. Hekimlerin Tıbbi Hata Tutum Ölçeği, toplam puanın ortalaması 3.11±.59, hemşirelerin toplam puan ortalaması 3.06±.61 olarak bulunmuştur. Hekim ve hemşirelerin Tıbbi Hata Tutum Ölçeği alt boyutu “Tıbbi Hata Algısı” ve “Tıbbı Hata Yaklaşımı” puan ortalamaları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık vardır (p<0.05). Ölçek puan ortalamasının yaş, cinsiyet, çalışılan servis, çalışma şekli ve haftalık çalışma saatinden etkilenmediği saptanmıştır (p>0.05).
Sonuç: Araştırmanın sonuçlarında hemşire ve hekimlerin tıbbi hata ve hata bildirim konusunda farkındalıklarının olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Hemşirelerin Flebit Risk Faktörlerine Yönelik Algıları
Authors: Ertuğrul Esra , Denat Yıldız
Published: April 2022

Amaç: Bu araştırmada amaç hemşirelerin flebit risk faktörlerine yönelik algılarını belirlemekti.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırma tanımlayıcı nitelikte olup örneklemini 237 hemşire oluşturdu. Veriler hemşirelerin flebit risk faktörlerine yönelik algılarını belirlemeye ilişkin bir anket formu ile toplandı.
Bulgular: Araştırmada hemşirelerin çoğunun flebiti orta düzeyde bir problem ve bakımın kalite göstergesi olarak algıladığı saptandı. Hemşirelerin kateterlerin deneyimli kişiler tarafından yerleştirilmesinin, kateterin giriş bölgesinin bir skala ile düzenli olarak değerlendirmesi ve kaydedilmesinin, işlem öncesinde bölgenin antiseptik solüsyon ile temizlenmesinin flebit oluşumunu azaltacağı, kateterizasyon sonlandırıldıktan sonraki 24-96 saat içinde flebit oluşabileceği ve flebitin ayakta gelişme riskinin fazla, önkolda az olabileceği yönünde algıları olduğu belirlendi.
Sonuç: Hemşirelerin flebit risk faktörlerini algılamalarının pek çok faktör yönünden istenen düzeyde olduğu, bazı temel faktörler yönünden ise güncel literatürü destekleyici yönde olmadığı belirlendi. Hemşirelerin flebit ve risk faktörlerine ilişkin bilgi, algı ve uygulamalarının düzenli değerlendirilmesi ve kanıta dayalı eğitim etkinlikleri düzenlenmesi önerilebilir.
Does the Knowledge of Nurses on Blood Pressure Measurement Affect Their Practice?
Authors: Yel Bedriye , Duruk Nazike
Published: April 2022

Aim: This study was performed to evaluate whether nurses follow the measurement steps accurately while measuring blood pressure, whether they have accurate information about the procedure, and whether they apply their knowledge correctly during practice.
Material and Methods: This observational study was conducted with 106 nurses working in the internal medicine and surgical department of a university hospital in Turkey from March 15 to May 15, 2016. In the study, nurses' knowledge and application of the measurement steps were determined by observation and face-to-face interview methods. The obtained data were recorded in the information and observation forms. The same researcher made all observations, and each nurse was observed once.
Results: None of the participants fulfilled the following four steps in measuring blood pressure 1) "allowing 30 minutes for the patient to relax if the patient is tired or has been smoking", 2) "inflating the blood pressure cuff until radial artery pulse is lost", 3) "waiting for one minute following the deflation of the blood pressure", 4) "inflating the blood pressure cuff until the scale reads around 30 mm Hg above the reading from the radial artery". In contrast, a considerable proportion (respectively, 77.4%, 71%, 70%, 60%) of nurses knew these steps. Further, none of the nurses who accurately knew the same steps performed them in practice (p<0.05).
Conclusions: The study showed that while measuring blood pressure, the nurses did not comply with the steps for measuring blood pressure and did not put their theoretical knowledge of the required steps for the procedure into practice.
What determines south and north magnetic poles?
Authors: Liu Qiuyun , David Chanyuk Lam , Lin Yuhan , Liao Lipeng , Fu Min , Ouyang Jess Lan , Peng Jingli , Tang Man
Published: April 2022

The Earth self-rotates with greatest linear velocities along the equator. Solar and lunar gravitational pulls produce piezoelectric effects as different regions accelerates and decelerates at different times of the day, creating extrusion along the direction of self-rotation. The magnetic lines of force will point to the north magnetic pole - geographic South Pole.
KERJA SAMA DI BIDANG USAHA ANTAR KOPERASI DAN KERJA SAMA ANTAR KOPERASI DI BIDANG USAHA BUKAN USAHA
Authors: Ahmad Rahmayani
Published: April 2022

Makalah ini berjudul kerja sama di bidang usaha antar koperasi dan kerja sama antar koperasi di bidang usaha bukan usaha. Koperasi melandaskan kegiatannya berdasarkan prinsip gerakan ekonomi rakyat yang berdasarkan asas kekeluargaan. Kinerja koprasi khusus mengenai perhimpunan, koperasi harus bekerja berdasarkan ketentuan undang-undang umummengenai organisasi usaha (perseorangan, persekutuan, dsb.) serta hukum dagang danhukum pajak. Organisasi koperasi yang khas dari suatu organisasi harus diketahuidengan menetapkan anggaran dasar yang khusus. Selain itu koperasi juga menjalinkerja sama di bidang usaha yang bertujuan untuk lebih memajukan koperasi itusendiri. Makalah ini di susun untuk memenuhi tugas dari mata kuliah koperasi dan umkm syariah. Kata kunci: koperasi, usaha,
Exploration patterns shape cognitive map learning
Authors: Brunec Iva , Nantais Melissa , Sutton Jennifer , Epstein Russell , Newcombe Nora
Published: April 2022

Spontaneous, volitional spatial exploration is crucial for building up a cognitive map of the environment. However, decades of research have primarily measured the fidelity of cognitive maps after discrete, controlled learning episodes. We know little about how cognitive maps are formed during naturalistic free exploration. Here, we investigated whether exploration trajectories predicted cognitive map accuracy, and how these patterns were shaped by environmental structure. In two experiments, participants freely explored a previously unfamiliar virtual environment. We related their exploration trajectories to a measure of how long they spent in areas with high global environmental connectivity (integration, as assessed by space syntax). In both experiments, we found that participants who spent more time on paths that offered opportunities for integration formed more accurate cognitive maps. Interestingly, we found no support for our pre-registered hypothesis that self-reported trait differences in navigation ability would mediate this relationship. Our findings suggest that exploration patterns predict cognitive map accuracy, even for people who self-report low ability, and highlight the importance of considering both environmental structure and individual variability in formal theory- and model-building.