bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multicup reconstruction technique for the management of severe protrusio acetabular defects
Authors: Ji Baochao , Li Guoqing , Zhang Xiaogang , Wang Yang , Mu Wenbo , Cao Li
Published: July 2021

Background

In revision hip arthroplasty, managing the large protrusio acetabular defects remains a challenge. The report described a novel technique which employs a trabecular metal revision shell as a super-augment to buttress the superior medial structure.

Methods

Between January 2015 and December 2018, the multicup reconstruction was performed in 21 patients with severe protrusio acetabular defects. The revision shell, plus two similar porous acetabular components was implanted into the initial shell to create a “multicup” construct. The functional outcomes were evaluated in terms of the Harris Hip Score. Acetabular loosening, restoration of hip center of rotation, and bone ingrowth etc., were radiographically assessed. The survival rate of the implants was also evaluated.

Results

A followup lasting a mean time of 31 months (range, 18–57 months) revealed that the average Harris Hip Score improved from preoperative 37.0 ± 7.1 to postoperative 76.4 ± 9.0. There were no revisions due to acetabular loosening. The horizontal offset increased by an average of 14 mm, and the vertical offset decreased by an average of 18 mm. Eighteen of the 21 patients (86 %) met at least 3 of 5 criteria associated with bone ingrowth. The survivorship free from re-revision for acetabular loosening after 2 years was 100 %.

Conclusions

The multicup reconstruction technique was a simplified re-revision procedure for managing the severe protrusio acetabular defects and could achieve a high survival rate.

Level of evidence

Therapeutic study, Level IVa.
Inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase enzyme by dipeptides identified in dry-cured ham
Authors: Heres Alejandro , Mora Leticia , Toldrá Fidel
Published: July 2021

High cholesterolemia is a key risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases, which are the main cause of mortality in developed countries. Most therapies are focused on the modulation of its biosynthesis through 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoAR) inhibitors. In this sense, food-derived bioactive peptides might act as promising health alternatives through their ability to interact with crucial enzymes involved in metabolic pathways, avoiding the adverse effects of synthetic drugs. Dry-cured ham has been widely described as an important source of naturally-generated bioactive peptides exerting ACEI-inhibitory activity, antioxidant activity, and anti-inflammatory activity between others. Based on these findings, the aim of this work was to assess, for the first time, the in vitro inhibitory activity of HMG-CoAR exerted by dipeptides generated during the manufacturing of dry-cured ham, previously described with relevant roles on other bioactivities.

The in vitro inhibitory activity of the dipeptides was assessed by measuring the substrate consumption rate of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase in their presence, with the following pertinent calculations.

Further research was carried out to estimate the possible interactions of the most bioactive dipeptides with the enzyme by performing in silico analysis consisting of molecular docking approaches.

Main findings showed DA, DD, EE, ES, and LL dipeptides as main HMG-CoAR inhibitors. Additionally, computational analysis indicated statin-like interactions of the dipeptides with HMG-CoAR.

This study reveals, for the first time, the hypocholesterolemic potential of dry-cured ham-derived dipeptides and, at the same time, converges in the same vein as many reports that experimentally argue the cardiovascular benefits of dry-cured ham consumption due to its bioactive peptide content.
Correlation of clinical staging and MRI staging for cervical cancer
Authors: Nawapun Supajit , Aphinives Chalida , Srisitthiprapha Wiranya , Thamronganantasakul Komsan , Temtanakitpaisan Amornrat
Published: July 2021

Background

Cervical cancer is a major public health problem for women. Accurate staging may lead to proper management of cervical cancer. We retrospectively reviewed all patients with cervical cancer who underwent pre-treatment MRI between January 2009 and December 2018 and analyzed the correlation between the clinical staging and MRI staging.

Results

Correlation of overall clinical and MRI staging by percent agreement is moderate (73.9%), but the kappa coefficient showed a slight correlation. The correlation of clinical and MRI findings in the vaginal invasion, pelvic sidewall invasion, adjacent pelvic organ invasion, and spreading to distant organ also showed moderate-to-strong correlation by percent agreement (ranging from 67.6 to 91.9%) but slight correlation between clinical and MRI examinations by kappa or weighted kappa coefficient (K = 0.000–0.128w).

Conclusion

In patients with cervical cancer, pretreatment MRI provides higher spatial soft tissue resolution which can define pelvic tumor extent, including a more accurate assessment of tumor size (due to multiplanar evaluation), parametrial invasion, pelvic sidewall invasion, and adjacent pelvic organ invasion. This could potentially lead to a reduction in staging morbidity by invasive investigation such as cystoscopy and proctoscopy.
Advance Formation of Cross-Cutting Competencies of Students in a Cross-Multidimensional Educational Process
Authors: Elistratova K. , Kozhevnikov O. , Panasyuk V.
Published: July 2021

The article declares the author's concept of the cross-multidimensional organization of the educational process. From the standpoint of a multi-media approach in education, the author considers the formation and development of cross-cutting competencies among students in the system of general, professional, higher and additional education. The grouping of cross-cutting competences, a set of measures in education, contributing to their formation are presented. In the aspects of solving the problems of the formation and development of cross-cutting competencies, a characteristic of the advancing effects of a cross-multidimensional educational environment is given.
Rates and Characteristics of Medical Malpractice Claims Against Hospitalists
Authors: Schaffer Adam C , Yu-Moe Chihwen Winnie , Babayan Astrid , Wachter Robert M , Einbinder Jonathan S
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND: Hospitalists practice in high-stakes and litigious settings. However, little data exist about the malpractice claims risk faced by hospitalists.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the rates and characteristics of malpractice claims against hospitalists.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: An analysis was performed of malpractice claims against hospitalists, as well as against select other specialties, using data from a malpractice claims database that includes approximately 31% of US malpractice claims.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: For malpractice claims against hospitalists (n = 1,216) and comparator specialties (n = 18,644): claims rates (using a data subset), percentage of claims paid, median indemnity payment amounts, allegation types, and injury severity.

RESULTS: Hospitalists had an annual malpractice claims rate of 1.95 claims per 100 physician-years, similar to that of nonhospitalist general internal medicine physicians (1.92 claims per 100 physician-years), and significantly greater than that of internal medicine subspecialists (1.30 claims per 100 physician-years) (P < .001). Claims rates for hospitalists nonsignificantly increased during the study period (2009-2018), whereas claims rates for four of the five other specialties examined significantly decreased over this period. The median indemnity payment for hospitalist claims was $231,454 (interquartile range, $100,000-$503,015), significantly higher than the amounts for all the other specialties except neurosurgery. The greatest predictor of a hospitalist case closing with payment (compared with no payment) was an error in clinical judgment as a contributing factor, with an adjusted odds ratio of 5.01 (95% CI, 3.37-7.45).

CONCLUSION: During the study period, hospitalist claims rates did not drop, whereas they fell for other specialties. Hospitalists’ claims had relatively high injury severity and median indemnity payment amounts. The malpractice environment for hospitalists is becoming less favorable.
Relación entre las prácticas de apropiación cultural y la construcción de la identidad juvenil. Experiencias de Costa Rica y Colombia.
Authors: Morales-Trejos Carol , Aguilar-Caro Aura
Published: July 2021

Este artículo presenta resultados de la investigación “Prácticas de apropiación cultural juvenil y su vínculo con la construcción de la identidad en población universitaria de la Universidad de Costa Rica y de la Universidad Simón Bolívar de Barranquilla” periodo 2018- 2020. El cuál da cuenta de manera específica al objetivo cuatro, concerniente a “establecer las relaciones entre las prácticas de apropiación cultural juvenil y la construcción de la identidad, que poseen las personas jóvenes universitarias de segundo año de la carrera de Orientación de la Universidad de Costa Rica y de la carrera de Psicología de la Universidad Simón Bolívar de Barranquilla”. Por consiguiente, se llevó a cabo una investigación cualitativa de tipo hermenéutico-interpretativo, en la cual se conformaron de manera voluntaria 4 grupos de jóvenes de segundo año de la carrera de Orientación de la Universidad de Costa Rica y de la carrera de Psicología de la Universidad Simón Bolívar de Barranquilla, con cada grupo se realizaron 2 encuentros, para un total de 8 grupos focales, desarrollándose dos grupos de jóvenes y cuadro encuentros por país. Dentro de los resultados se ha identificado cómo las nuevas tendencias de consumo asociados principalmente a los usos reconfiguran el ser joven, en tanto los procesos de significación cultural son constantes, avanzan la regionalización e irrumpen en espacios variando el orden, creando líneas fronterizas más difusas, dotando de nuevos sentidos sus propios mundos y su ser. Se evidencia en ambos países cómo las diferentes y variadas prácticas de consumo y sus usos, al ser apropiadas por la persona joven, llevada a su cotidianidad son dotadas de sentido y configura de forma importante la identidad juvenil.
Recursos culturales y etnoeducación: propuesta para el desarrollo de cultura de paz.
Authors: Arbeláez-Rojas Olga Lucía , del Socorro Álvarez-Correa Adriana , Londoño-Hernández Alejandro
Published: July 2021

Tras el acuerdo de paz firmado entre el gobierno de Colombia y las FARC-EP en el año 2016, el país ha entrado en un periodo histórico que requiere de diversos análisis y reflexiones sobre la violencia que ha padecido y las posibilidades de construir la paz. Tarea mayor para la educación en una sociedad que, a pesar de las desigualdades, divisiones y polarización, es rica en experiencias de mediación y transformación del conflicto gracias a su diversidad social, étnica y cultural. Este ensayo, derivado de la investigación Creando paz: recursos culturales en experiencias de mediación y gestión constructiva de conflictos y su aporte a la formación de competencias ciudadanas y construcción de cultura de paz, sostiene cómo la formación en la Licenciatura en Etnoeducación de la Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, en convenio con el Instituto Misionero de Antropología, constituye una alternativa para el desarrollo de una cultura de paz a través del reconocimiento de recursos culturales y la formación en estos. El proyecto educativo se basa en la idea de que educarse en el respeto, el diálogo y el reconocimiento transforma la visión de mundo, desarrolla capacidades, incorpora valores que redundan en conductas que favorecen la manifestación de recursos culturales, es decir, del repertorio de elementos que hacen parte de la identidad y la memoria colectiva de los pueblos. Se hace referencia a problemáticas de índole social y educativo en Colombia, se analiza cómo la etnoeducación se ha constituido como política pública, y se pone el foco en la experiencia formativa de la licenciatura en relación con la categoría recursos culturales como propuesta para el desarrollo de cultura de paz.
Proyecto intercultural a través del aprendizaje dialógico en 7º EGB en Ecuador.
Authors: Gallego-Jiménez M. Gloria , Carbonell-Bernal Noelia , Pila-Sanango Eduardo David
Published: July 2021

: La diversidad dentro del aula es una realidad innegable que requiere ser reconocida y valorada como una oportunidad de aprendizaje, sin embargo, en el proceso educativo se da relevancia a los contenidos de las asignaturas básicas. Esta propuesta está dirigida a diseñar espacios de participación e interacción para la promoción de la interculturalidad empleando contenido propio de cada cultura de los estudiantes de 7º de Educación General Básica a través de la transversalización. Se plantean las tertulias dialógicas interculturales como una variación de las actuaciones de éxito que se llevan a cabo en las comunidades de aprendizaje. Desde el enfoque cualitativo de la Investigación-acción se propone un proceso de reflexión acerca de las dimensiones de la diversidad constituido por diferentes etapas donde los estudiantes trabajan de forma cooperativa realizando una búsqueda, análisis reflexivo y socialización de contenidos o recursos asociados a las características heterogéneas de los miembros del grupo. Esta futura propuesta podría lograr que los estudiantes reconozcan y valoren las diferentes características de las personas reflexionando sobre la importancia del reconocimiento, el respeto y el intercambio consiguiendo erradicar los actos discriminatorios relacionados con las dimensiones de la diversidad.
The Role of Marketplace Lending in Credit Markets: Evidence from Bank Mergers
Authors: Avramidis Panagiotis , Mylonopoulos Nikolaos , Pennacchi George G.
Published: July 2021

We develop a model of competition between banks and a marketplace lender to motivate empirical tests using local market data on U.S. banks and the largest marketplace lending platform. Employing mergers of large, multimarket banks as an exogenous credit supply shock, we find that marketplace lending absorbs unmet demand for consumer credit following a decline in the availability of bank credit. Merger-induced bank branch closings lead to an increase in marketplace loan requests and loan acceptance rates, particularly for debt consolidation loans to lower-risk consumers. We also find that marketplace lending mitigates credit distress in local economies affected by mergers.

This paper was accepted by Tomasz Piskorski, finance.
TEORIAS CONSPIRATÓRIAS NA ERA DIGITAL: REFLEXÕES SOBRE O PAPEL DA GEOGRAFIA ESCOLAR FRENTE A DESMISTIFICAÇÃO DA TEORIA DA TERRA PLANA
Authors: Oliveira Leandro Barros
Published: July 2021

O presente artigo consiste em uma análise sobre as possíveis contribuições da geografia escolar frente a desmistificação de teorias conspiratórias da era digital, com destaque para a teoria da terra plana. Ao longo do texto são abordados os impactos das teorias conspiratórias na sociedade atual; a influência da informática na popularização dessas teorias; as descobertas científicas que respaldam o consenso atual sobre a forma da terra; os descaminhos e as perspectivas da educação brasileira com relação a formação do senso crítico para a filtragem de informações da internet e para o entendimento concreto sobre a importância da ciência para a sociedade; e, por fim, o papel da geografia escolar frente a este desafio. Toda a concepção deste estudo se fundamenta no método materialista histórico dialético. Os principais referenciais utilizados para embasar essa análise foram: o conceito de encapsulação do ensino de Yrjo Engeström, o conceito de aprendizagem significativa de David Ausubel e a nova organização curricular introduzida pela Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) publicada em 2018.  Concluiu-se que, apesar das dificuldades da educação brasileira no que se refere a gestão e a infraestrutura, a BNCC fornece o respaldo necessário a elaboração de soluções didáticas para a instrumentalização dos alunos para o uso racional das ferramentas virtuais de comunicação. Cabe aos diretores, coordenadores e professores se conscientizarem quanto ao problema e introduzirem os debates sobre esses temas atuais em sala de aula, de forma a promover a dialética para um efetivo aprendizado significativo e a consequente a blindagem com relação as teorias conspiratórias da internet.
AS PAISAGENS ENTRE TEXTOS E INTERTEXTOS
Authors: Da Silva Leonardo Luiz Silveira
Published: July 2021

A paisagem é um conceito polissêmico da geografia. Nas abordagens que proliferaram a partir da rejeição dos métodos neopositivistas que ascenderam na década de 1950, surgiram propostas de consideração da paisagem como um conceito que vai além da materialidade. Em meio as abordagens intersubjetivas da paisagem, disseminou-se entre um certo grupo de geógrafos a possibilidade de ver a paisagem por intermédio da metáfora paisagem-texto, e, por conseguinte, a paisagem como intertexto. O artigo objetiva analisar a possibilidade de avaliação das paisagens como textos e intertextos. Apontaremos também a limitação desta utilização, o que acaba por sugerir um meio do caminho metodológico entre a abordagem material e imaterial da paisagem.
O LUGAR COMO CATEGORIA DE ANÁLISE NA GEOGRAFIA E SUA CONTRIBUIÇÃO PARA ABORDAGENS DIDÁTICAS NA CARTOGRAFIA ESCOLAR
Authors: Rizzatti Maurício , Lampert Batista Natália , Spode Becker Elsbeth Léia , Cassol Roberto
Published: July 2021

Ao pensar o ensino de Geografia e a Cartografia Escolar não se pode perder de vista as distintas categorias de análise que permeiam a ciência geográfica, pois é nessa inter-relação que o professor dessa componente curricular pode pensar criticamente o desenvolvimento de metodologias de ensino-aprendizagem. Com base nisso, esse trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar a evolução do conceito de lugar nas escolas geográficas e a contribuição dessa categoria de análise da Geografia para algumas abordagens metodológicas da Cartografia Escolar em sala de aula.  Para o seu desenvolvimento, realizou-se a abordagem teórica da categoria de análise lugar e após apresentou-se as metodologias voltadas à Cartografia Escolar. Conclui-se que o estudo do lugar, baseado na Cartografia Escolar, é eficaz para o desenvolvimento do pensamento espacial e para o estimulo ao raciocínio geográfico, centrais ao ensino de Geografia na contemporaneidade.
POLITICAS PUBLICAS DE ENFRENTAMENTO DO ISOLAMENTO SOCIAL DA PANDEMIA DA COVID-19 NO INTERIOR DE SÃO PAULO- BRASIL
Authors: Moura Marta Aparecida , Correira Alessandra De Oliveira Alves , Guilherme Vitória Marques de Sá Sanvezzo , Arana Alba Regina Azevedo
Published: July 2021

O artigo tem como objetivo discutir as experiências e contradições do processo de interiorização da COVID-19 no Estado de São Paulo, em especial no município de Presidente Prudente-SP- Brasil, enfocando as políticas públicas de isolamento social no município e suas consequências. Trata-se de uma pesquisa básica e documental de abordagem qualitativa. Os resultados do trabalho apontam que as políticas públicas de isolamento social adotadas no estado de São Paulo não reduziram a velocidade da curva epidêmica. Desta forma, políticas públicas sociais precisam ser repensadas no Brasil, sobretudo aquelas voltadas a proteção dos trabalhadores, investimentos no sistema de saúde e a garantia dos indivíduos. É necessário que as políticas públicas implementadas em todas as esferas possam dar o suporte para implementar com eficácia as devidas normas estabelecidas para a saúde física e social da população.
Brazilian psychiatric reform: advances and constraints
Authors: de Aguiar Laurem Janine Pereira , Bellini Maria Isabel Barros , Ronsani Ana Paula Vargas
Published: July 2021

This article discusses, temporally, the Brazilian psychiatric reform since its initial formulation to the present time – that is, from the organization of the anti-asylum struggle movement, even under the military dictatorship, until now – a time of neoliberalism marked by an offensive conservatism. It argues about the need to fight conservatism and neoliberalism, as both walk in the opposite direction to the principles of the Unified Health System and psychiatric reform (such as universality, integrality, equity, care in freedom, the non-commodification of madness and the end of asylums). It demonstrates the importance of territorially based services, the work of social workers and multidisciplinary teams in the field of mental health, as opposed to biomedical-psychiatric and hospital-centred. It discusses, therefore, the relationship between mental health and social issue. In addition, this article presents the contributions of Brazilian psychiatric reform, considering the socio-historic context to identify the main advances, challenges and limitations, and to contribute to the consolidation of the reform principles.
Mechanical behavior in the interior and boundary of magnesium aluminate spinel (MgAl2O4) grain under nanoindentation
Authors: Geng Haoqi , Du Wenhao , Wang Hui , Li Jiawei
Published: July 2021

The understanding of mechanical behavior in magnesium aluminate spinel (

M
g
A

l

2

O

4

) at the nanoscale lays a foundation for its material removal mechanism in ultraprecision machining. Nanoindentation tests are carried out in the interior and boundary of spinel grain with different loads. An obvious indentation size effect exhibits in both of these areas. First, the nano-hardness and elastic modulus decrease, followed by stabilization due to an increase of pressure. The measured elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness of the grain interior are

277.7

±

8.4

G
P
a

,

19.79

±

0.83

G
P
a

, and

1.12

±

0.02

M
P
a
⋅

m

1

/

2

, respectively. Deformation of spinel transits from elastic to plastic at approximately 0.8 mN load, which corresponds to the discontinuous steps of load-displacement curves. By comparing the fracture toughness and the residual indent morphology, the grain boundary exhibits lower brittleness than the grain interior. Radial cracks form on the grain surface as indentation load exceeds 29 mN, whose propagation is influenced by the loading conditions and the grain boundary effect.
Design of a side-hole-assisted weakly coupled rectangular ring-core multimode fiber for mode-division-multiplexing networks
Authors: Zhang Jinyu , Ren Fang , Zhang Yiying , Niu Jingjing , Lei Xiao , Zhang Yanfei , Wang Jianping
Published: July 2021

We present a side-hole-assisted weakly coupled polarization-maintaining rectangular ring-core multimode fiber supporting 68 eigenmodes. The rectangular ring-core and side-hole structures are introduced to effectively split eigenmodes. The impact of parameters on mode utilization rate

η

and mode number is evaluated at the wavelength of 1550 nm. We also analyze bending loss and broadband performance of the entire C band, including

n

e
f
f

,

Δ

n

e
f
f

,

A

e
f
f

, nonlinearity, and differential mode delay. By optimizing the design parameters, the 68 eigenmodes are completely separated with

Δ

n

e
f
f

between adjacent modes larger than

10

−
4

over the whole C band. The designed fiber can be used for eigenmode-division multiplexing networks to improve transmission capacity and spectral utilization.
Three-dimensional measurement method of color fringe projection based on an improved three-step phase-shifting method
Authors: Duan Xiaojie , Liu Guangli , Wang Jianming
Published: July 2021

A three-dimensional (3D) measurement method of color fringe projection based on an improved three-step phase-shifting method is proposed. The color fringe pattern is encoded by two cosine fringe patterns with the same frequency but different shifting phase and a uniform gray flat image into three color channels R, G, and B. Although the measurement speed of the traditional three-step phase-shifting method can meet the requirements of measuring 3D objects, it makes the noise and inaccuracy of the captured images increase, and each image will cause measurement error. Therefore, we improve the three-step phase-shifting method and introduce the Hilbert transform into the three-step phase-shift method. The DC component of the fringe pattern is obtained by using the Hilbert transform principle, and the third fringe pattern in the three-step phase-shift method is replaced by the captured light intensity distribution of the DC component. The phase difference of the other two fringe patterns is fixed as

π

/

2

by the Hilbert transform. The improved three-step phase-shifting method is used to obtain the phase information of the deformed color fringe image, and then the phase-unwrapping algorithm is used to obtain the phase distribution information of the whole field. The results show that the improved method can not only accurately calculate the phase information but also greatly improve the measurement speed and quality.
All-solid-state widely wavelength-tunable and high-efficiency Yb:YSr3(PO4)3 laser
Authors: Yin Xiaoqin , Wu Guangda , Fan Shuzhen , Yu Fapeng , Li Yongfu , Liu Zhaojun , Zhang Xingyu , Zhao Xian , Fang Jiaxiong
Published: July 2021

We demonstrate an all-solid-state widely wavelength-tunable

Y
b

:

Y
S
r

3

(

P
O

4

)
3

(Yb:YSP) laser with high efficiency. The free-running Yb:YSP laser oscillating at multiple wavelengths in the range of 1024–1054 nm is realized with different crystal lengths and output coupler transmittances. The maximum output power of 2.72 W is obtained under the absorption pump power of 7.30 W. The highest slope efficiency is 66.9%, using the crystal of 6.5-mm-length. Simultaneous dual-wavelength operation can be realized as well. Furthermore, the widely wavelength-tunable Yb:YSP laser with a range of more than 60 nm (from 1004 to 1066 nm) is achieved using a birefringent filter. The experimental results indicate that the Yb:YSP crystal can be a promising candidate for ultrafast lasers in the 1 µm region.
Prevalence of uterine rupture among women with one prior low transverse cesarean and women with unscarred uterus undergoing labor induction with PGE2: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chiossi Giuseppe , D’Amico Roberto , Tramontano Anna L. , Sampogna Veronica , Laghi Viola , Facchinetti Fabio
Published: July 2021

Background

As uterine rupture may affect as many as 11/1000 women with 1 prior cesarean birth and 5/10.000 women with unscarred uterus undergoing labor induction, we intended to estimate the prevalence of such rare outcome when PGE2 is used for cervical ripening and labor induction.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE, ClinicalTrials.gov and the Cochrane library up to September 1st 2020. Retrospective and prospective cohort studies, as well as randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on singleton viable pregnancies receiving PGE2 for cervical ripening and labor induction were reviewed. Prevalence of uterine rupture was meta-analyzed with Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation among women with 1 prior low transverse cesarean section and women with unscarred uterus.

Results

We reviewed 956 full text articles to include 69 studies. The pooled prevalence rate of uterine rupture is estimated to range between 2 and 9 out of 1000 women with 1 prior low transverse cesarean (5/1000; 95%CI 2-9/1000, 122/9000). The prevalence of uterine rupture among women with unscarred uterus is extremely low, reaching at most 0.7/100.000 (<1/100.000.000; 95%CI <1/100.000.000–0.7/100.000, 8/17.684).

Conclusions

Uterine rupture is a rare event during cervical ripening and labor induction with PGE2.
Roles of parasympathetic outflow and sympathetic outflow in the cardiovascular response to brief umbilical cord occlusion in fetal sheep
Authors: Recher Morgan , Prevost Arthur Lauriot Dit , Sharma Dyuti , De Jonckheere Julien , Garabedian Charles , Storme Laurent
Published: July 2021

Fetal heart rate (FHR) deceleration is the most common change seen during labor. The role of the autonomic nervous system in regulating the fetal cardiovascular response during multiple uterine contractions has been well-established. However, the mechanism underlying the hemodynamic response remains unclear and the specific reflex that mediates the cardiovascular modifications is still controversial. This study aimed to determine the role of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems on fetal hemodynamics in complete cord occlusion. Chronically instrumented fetal sheep were randomized to receive an intravenous injection of atropine 2.5 mg (n = 8), propranolol 5 mg (n = 7), atropine and propranolol (n = 7), or a control protocol (n = 9), followed by three episodes of 1-minute umbilical cord occlusion repeated every 5 minutes. Cord compression induces a rapid decrease in the FHR and a rapid increase in MAP. The decrease in FHR is caused by an increase in parasympathetic activity, (atropine and atropine-propranolol abolish the FHR response to the occlusion). The change in FHR during occlusion was not modified by propranolol injection, showing no effect of sympathetic tone. The increase in MAP during occlusion was similar in the four protocols. After releasing occlusion, the FHR was still lower than that at baseline due to a sustained parasympathetic tone. Suppression of the parasympathetic output to the cardiovascular system unmasks an increase in the FHR above baseline values. The lower FHR with the propranolol protocol further supports an increase in myocardial β-adrenoceptor stimulation after cord release. The increase in MAP after cord release was similar in the four protocols, except after the early stage of interocclusion period in atropine protocol. Four minutes after cord release, the FHR returned to baseline irrespective of the drugs that were infused, thereby showing recovery of ANS control. Blood gases (pH, PaCO2, PaO2) and plasma lactate concentrations was similar between the four protocols at the end of three applications of UCO. Complete cord compression-induced deceleration is likely due to acute activation of parasympathetic output. β-adrenoceptor activity is involved in the increase in FHR after cord release. Understanding the reflexes involved in FHR deceleration may help us understand the mechanisms underlying fetal autonomic adaptation during cord occlusion.
Connecting beyond ‘Community’: Recasting the Power of Social Capital on Collective Action in Indonesian MSMEs
Authors: Suyatna Hempri , Yuda Tauchid Komara
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this article is to look into the functions of community in running capitalism at the micro-level through Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), as well as the effects on the collective well-being of the members. The concept of community-welfare capitalism is used and re-examined in this article. The term “community-welfare capitalism” refers to a form of capitalism that stems from grassroots communities in Indonesia and other Asian countries. Based on our empirical findings on three MSMEs in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, it is argued that, while the majority of works of literature emphasizes the importance of the community in providing informal social protection, our findings confirm that the community's role extends beyond social care to include economic security through collaborative business development. Because Indonesia is currently struggling to achieve inclusive welfare, our conclusion of community-welfare capitalism emphasizes the importance of informal support for social redistribution. As a result, it has been demonstrated that the community-welfare capitalism system, which includes MSMEs, can assist formal welfare institutions in integrating unabsorbed social risk during these difficult times.
Developing Ethics for 'Santri' Empowerment: The Case of the Pesantren al-Falah of Gorontalo, Indonesia
Authors: Kango Andries , Perdana Dian Adi , Biya Sriyuni Regita
Published: July 2021

The failure of community empowerment often forgets the ethics of change-makers as an essential instrument in program implementation. This assumption is existed because of weak human development resources in an educational institution in terms of shaping character. Pesantren or Islamic Boarding School offers another alternative to transforming santri or student ethics effectively when taking action in society. This article aims to explore the strategy of developing student ethics in the process of social transformation. The research data was generated through observation method at Al-Falah Islamic boarding school in Gorontalo, in-depth interviews with caregivers, teacher councils, students, and documentation related to development to shape students' character. Al-Falah Islamic boarding school has responded to modernity issues and implemented them into learning practices. This pesantren chooses three strategies (sentimental, rational, and takziyah) to develop the ethical quality of students. The fundamental Islamic values or ahklakul karimah (ethical values) is chosen because it can be primary guidelines for change-makers in developing community empowerment activities. In line with this, this research suggests that this strategy can be implemented in pesantren and in different contexts elsewhere. However, because limitation of the research, the ethical values are impossible to test in various aspects, so it is necessary to consider updated survey studies to prove the suitability of ethics and the achievement of community empowerment programs.
« Former une élite médicale chrétienne »
Authors: Élie Jean-Victor
Published: July 2021

La Conférence Laënnec s’est constituée, dans les années 1930, comme un lieu de formation délibérément orienté vers une élite médicale chrétienne, dont le savoir permettrait d’asseoir une autorité et une influence participant à la réinstauration d’« un ordre social chrétien » ; un lieu de sociabilité fondé sur une communauté morale fortement intégrée, réalisant les prodromes d’une corporation médicale ; un lieu de débats, devenu signe de contradiction dans la société française et dans l’Église catholique, en tentant de définir un nouvel ordre pour la médecine à travers la promotion d’un « humanisme médical » et la définition du « médecin catholique » à partir de la thématisation de nombreux cas de conscience.
Szczególna ochrona prawna żołnierzy w postępowaniach sądowych i egzekucyjnych w Księstwie Warszawskim
Authors: Krzymkowski Marek
Published: July 2021

Władze państwowe Księstwa Warszawskiego starały się zabezpieczyć interesy żołnierzy w postępowaniach sądowych. Wśród aktów zawierających przepisy chroniące żołnierzy były uchwała Komisji Rządzącej z dnia 30 stycznia 1807 r., uchwała Rady Stanu z dnia 4 lipca 1809 r. i dekret królewski z dnia 15 lipca 1812 r. Najszerszą ochronę zapewniały przepisy uchwały Komisji Rządzącej. W dwóch kolejnych aktach przewidziano możliwość stosowania we wszystkich postepowaniach art. 21 procedury cywilnej.
Dostęp do zawodu adwokata w świetle sprawozdań Izby Adwokackiej w Warszawie z lat 1925–1938
Authors: Wiśniewska Dorota
Published: July 2021

Artykuł dotyczy kwestii dostępu do zawodu adwokata w latach 1926–1938. Było to związane z ujednoliceniem przepisów dotyczących organizacji i funkcjonowania polskiej palestry. Rosnące zainteresowanie tym zawodem prawniczym, również wśród kobiet, spowodowało duży wzrost liczby aplikantów, a w konsekwencji adwokatów, o czym świadczą dane zawarte w sprawozdaniach Rady Adwokackiej w Warszawie. Środowisko adwokatów zrzeszonych w Izbie Warszawskiej starało się przeciwdziałać tej tendencji, dążąc do wprowadzania kolejnych ograniczeń.
Postępowanie o stwierdzenie zgonu na tle akt Sądu Grodzkiego w Krakowie w latach 1945–1950
Authors: Przewoźnik Sylwia
Published: July 2021

Prezentowana publikacja ukazuje sprawy o stwierdzenie zgonu, które toczyły się przed Sądem Grodzkim w Krakowie w latach 1945–1950. W pracy skupiono się również na analizie zagadnień związanych z procedurą postępowania o stwierdzenie zgonu w polskim systemie postępowania niespornego okresu powojennego.
Przejęcie struktur sądownictwa w Siedmiogrodzie w 1919 r.
Authors: Veress Emőd
Published: July 2021

Pod koniec 1918 r. znaczna część Siedmiogrodu, wielonarodowego i historycznego regionu należącego do Węgier, znalazła się pod wojskową okupacją Rumunii. Wiosną i latem 1919 r. sądownictwo zostało przejęte na terenach geograficznych, które znalazły się pod kontrolą rumuńskiej armii. Celem artykułu jest odpowiedź na pytanie, jak de iure i de facto odbyło się to przejęcie – w szarej strefie przeniesienia suwerenności – kiedy wskutek podpisania traktatu w Trianon 4 czerwca 1920 r. podjęto ostateczną decyzję o losie tego terytorium, czyli jego aneksji przez Rumunię. Artykuł zwraca uwagę na kilka interesujących kwestii: ogólne osiągnięcie legalności oraz granice prawa, a w szczególności naturę okresu przejściowego oraz charakterystyczne dla niego zmiany prawne.
Ius publicum a ius privatum – między kontradykcją a koherencją?
Authors: Kania-Chramęga Agnieszka
Published: July 2021

Celem artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi na najstarszy metodologicznie sposób uporządkowania klasycznego myślenia o prawie. Antyczne odróżnienie ius publicum od ius privatum wymaga jednak zastanowienia się, czy zasygnalizowana dychotomia znajduje współcześnie uzasadnienie. Wobec obserwacji zjawisk prywatyzacji prawa publicznego oraz publicyzacji prawa prywatnego wydaje się, że podział na prawo publiczne i prawo prywatne ulega w istocie stopniowemu zacieraniu się, tracąc przede wszystkim charakter zasadniczego przeciwstawienia. Wobec przedstawionych tu interakcji za bardziej konstruktywne przedsięwzięcie należy uznać nie tyle koncentrowanie się na różnicach, ile poszukiwanie podobieństw między prawem publicznym a prawem prywatnym.
Libertas contractus. Paolo Comitoli SJ (1545–1626) on freedom of contract in light of early modern private law
Authors: Alexandrowicz Piotr
Published: July 2021

The paper presents the results of research devoted to the concept of freedom of contract in the writings of an early modern Italian Jesuit, Paolo Comitoli. He claimed that freedom of contract was one of the attributes of contracts and it was essential for the consent of parties entering into a contract. He distinguished between three types of this freedom. Freedom of will was a prerequisite in case of any and all human actions including contracts. Voluntariness was tantamount to a requirement for the will of the parties, which led to the consent to the contract, and it was the result of a voluntary decision which was not disturbed by any vices. Freedom of ownership enabled the parties to conduct a transfer of the object of contract in its broadly understood sense. Comitoli’s concept of contractual freedom was an expression of his belief that voluntary consent of the wills of the parties as the foundation of contractual consent was the basis and the main cause of a contract.
Study of partial and average conditional Kendall’s tau
Authors: Gijbels Irène , Matterne Margot
Published: July 2021

When the interest is in studying conditional dependencies, and more precisely the strength of conditional dependencies, some kind of averaging over the conditioning random vector may be needed. Examples of average measures that can serve in this context are the average conditional Kendall’s tau and partial Kendall’s tau. It is known that these measures differ in general. Some statistical tests are based on these average measures, and a better knowledge of them is of importance. The aim of this paper is to provide a quantitative study of the possible differences of these two average measures, and to establish su˚cient conditions under which they coincide. Both measures are studied in two fairly general settings. In each setting theoretical results are established as well as several illustrative examples given.
Would Reasonable People Endorse a ‘Content-Neutral’ Law of Contract?
Authors: Bagchi Aditi
Published: July 2021

This essay raises two challenges to Peter Benson’s compelling new account of contract law. First, I argue that Benson’s use of the concept of reasonableness goes beyond the Rawlsian account to require that we impute to others a capacity to transcend their contingent circumstances in the context of contractual choice. In fact, our choices in contract are driven by external contingencies and it is only reasonable to take those constrains on other people’s choices into account. Second, I contest Benson’s related claim that contract law should be, and largely is, content-neutral. I argue to the contrary that the justice of a society depends on the cumulative outcomes from market transactions, and the justice of transactions depends on the justice of the institutional matrix of which transactional law is one part.
Markets and Contractual Fairness
Authors: Oman Nathan B.
Published: July 2021

Contract is the quintessential legal institution of a market economy, but the contemporary philosophy of contract law is dominated by promissory and autonomy theories that tend to treat contract’s role in facilitating commerce as little more than a happy accident. It is thus striking that in his ambitious effort to generate a purely transactional theory of contract law Peter Benson places markets at that center of his account of transactional fairness. His argues that the abstract equality of contracting parties requires equality of exchange, an equality mediated by the just price. Echoing the scholastic tradition, Benson identifies the just price with the competitive market price. We thus have a fascinating example of an anti-functionalist, anti-distributive theory of contract that nevertheless incorporates the market as an important theoretical element. In this essay, I evaluate Benson’s use of markets, placing it within both the broader discussion of markets in contract law theory and in the larger argument that he is making about contract law. Ultimately, Benson justifies the appeal to markets not because of any attractive distributional features of competitive prices but because such prices have a formal structure that satisfies the demands of Benson’s formal theory. It is an ingenious and subtle argument. However, I am not ultimately persuaded. While I think that the rule for unconscionability cases that Benson extracts from his concept of equality of exchange is defensible, I am not persuaded by Benson’s formal approach to the fairness of markets. Rather, I will argue that competitive markets often do not have the formal features that Benson ascribes to them. Furthermore, a key aspect of his understanding of transactional fairness is best understood as resting on an attractive distributional feature of competitive markets rather than on their formal structure.
Effects of impregnating PTFE filled with added graphite on wear behavior of sintered bronze plain bearings
Authors: Güngör Kadir , Demirer Ahmet
Published: July 2021

In this study, self-lubricating porous bronze plain bearing samples were manufactured differently from conventional plain bearings and the wear behaviours were investigated. Plain bearing samples were manufactured by sintering of pre-alloyed spherical CuSn11 bronze powders with grain size of 100– 200 μm. Then, special polymeric composite mixtures were prepared as PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) and graphite (GR) additive PTFE mixtures. The GR additive PTFE mixtures were prepared by addition of the GR powder with an average particle size of 200 μm at ratios of 10 wt.% and 20 wt.% into the PTFE solution. Next, the polymeric composite mixtures were impregnated into the porous structure of samples by the spray pulverization coating method. The purpose of the impregnation process was to minimise wear at a longer sliding distance by the gain of self-lubricating property to the samples. The plain bearing samples were produced as three different types (PTFE, PTFE + 10% GR and PTFE + 20% GR). Wear tests were carried out using a plain bearing test rig at different sliding speeds (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 m s–1) and under applied loads (30, 50 and 70 N). Wear values were determined as weight loss of the samples. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used for the wear analysis of the samples. The results show that the mixtures of PTFE with GR significantly reduced the wear loses of plain bearing surfaces under dry sliding conditions. The PTFE + 10% GR sample had the lowest wear loss under 0.5 m s–1 sliding speed and 30 N applied load conditions after 2.5 hour in comparison with other samples. In other words, the PTFE + 10% GR sample showed lower wear than (31.25%) PTFE sample (without GR additive) and (2.65%) PTFE + 20% GR sample. Also, the wear loss of the PTFE + 20% GR sample (3.67 mg) was slightly increased (difference 1.27 mg/53%) compared to the PTFE + 10% GR sample (2.40 mg) under average load and sliding speed conditions.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[diaqua-bis(μ2-4,4′-bipyridyl-κ2
N:N′) disilver(I)] 4-oxidopyridine-3-sulfonate trihydrate, C25H29Ag2N5O9S
Authors: Zhao Han-Lin , Jiang Jin-Ke , Jiang Hui , Dong Xian-Wu , Li Xue
Published: July 2021

C25H29Ag2N5O9S, monoclinic, P21/m (no. 11), a = 8.5437(16) Å, b = 17.852(4) Å, c = 9.3335(13) Å, β = 101.380(16)°, V = 1395.6(5) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0271, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0653, T = 293(2) K.
The Relationship Between Poverty and COVID-19 Infection and Case-Fatality Rates in Germany during the First Wave of the Pandemic
Authors: Ettensperger Felix
Published: July 2021

The relationship between poverty and the infection and case-fatality rates of COVID-19 has emerged as a controversial but understudied topic. In previous studies and reports from the UK and US evidence emerged that poverty-related indicators had a significant statistical effect on case and mortality rates on district level. For Germany, it has largely been assumed that poverty is an equally relevant factor influencing the transmission rates of the outbreak. This was mostly due to anecdotal evidence from local outbreaks in meat processing plants and reported incidents of infection clusters in poorer city districts. This paper addresses the lack of statistical evidence and investigates thoroughly the link between poverty-related indicators and detected infection and mortality rates of the outbreak using multivariate, multilevel regression while also considering the urban-rural divide of the country. As proxies for poverty the unemployment rate, the per capita presence of general practitioners (physicians), per capita GDP, and the rate of employees with no professional job training is evaluated in relation to the accumulated case and mortality numbers on district level taken from RKI data of June and July 2020. Interestingly, the study finds no general evidence for a poverty-related effect on mortality for German districts during the first wave in the first half of 2020. Furthermore, only employment in low qualification jobs approximated by the job training variable consistently affected case numbers in urban districts in the expected direction.
The impact of COVID-19-induced lockdowns during spring 2020 on nitrogen dioxide levels over major American counties
Authors: Poetzscher James , Isaifan Rima J.
Published: July 2021

COVID-19 has quickly spread throughout the world, infecting and killing millions of people. In an effort to contain the spread of the virus, many governments implemented stringent lockdown measures. These lockdown restrictions, coupled with social distancing, severely curtailed transportation and industrial activities, which are the primary drivers of nitrogen oxides emissions. This study investigates whether lockdown orders in the United States have impacted tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels by evaluating 12 major counties with a total population of 38 million. For each county, Sentinel-5P satellite data were obtained and analyzed to determine NO2 column concentrations during the pre-lockdown, peak lockdown, and loosening lockdown periods in 2020. Then, NO2 levels were compared during these three periods to the same time frame in 2019. Our results show that the lockdowns in the 12 major U.S. counties analyzed led to a significant decline in NO2 levels, with an average reduction of 28.7% (±14.6%) and 17.6% (±10.9%) during peak lockdown and loosening lockdown periods, respectively.