bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Species of Leucopis (Leucopella) from Chile and a Key to the World Genera and Subgenera of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera)
Authors: McAlpine J. F.
Published: January 2010

This paper contains a description of a species of Leucopis Meigen, subgenus Leucopella Allalloch (1927), and a note on occurrence of the subgenus in the New World (previouslv known only from Africa). Also a key is given to all the known genera and subgenera of the Chamaemyiidae.
A Large Cabinet with Vestibule for Rearing Insects and Other Small Animals, with Controlled Temperature, Humidity and Air Distribution
Authors: Jackson C.
Published: January 2010

Studies in the Entomology Division at Ottawa in 1957 and 1958 led to the design and building of a “walk-in” air-conditioned cabinet for rearing insects, air motion and distribution as well as temperature and humidity being precisely controlled. The air is heated, cooled, humidified, and dehumidified in four separate ducts. A quadrate funnel for the air exhaust gives especially even distribution of the air within the cabinet, the air moving at 25 to 30 f.p.m. Temperature and humidity can be held at any desired levels from 65 to 85 ± 0.5°F. and from 45 to an accuracy of ± 1 per cent R.H. provided that ambient conditions are within 65 to 85°F. and 5 to 85 per cent R.H. This paper describes the cabinet and air-conditioning system and the main principles on which the apparatus is based.
The Humidity Reactions ofMelanoplus bivittatus(Say) (Orthoptera, Acrididae): Antennal Sensilla and Hygro-reception
Authors: Riegert P. Wm.
Published: January 2010

Hygro-receptive sensilla have been found on the antennae of fruit flies (1), spider beetles (2), cockroaches (3), wireworms (5), ticks (6), mealworm beetles (8), flour beetles (11), and body lice (16). Two types of antennal sensilla, the basiconic and the coeloconic, have been identified as hygro-receptors of the grasshoppers,Melanoplus differentialis(Thos.) andM. mexicanus mexicanus(Sauss.) (12, 13). This paper describes the antennal sensilla ofMelanoplus bivittatus(Say) and discusses their function.
Life-History and Behaviour of Trogoderma parabile Beal (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)
Authors: Loschiavo S. R.
Published: January 2010

Trogoderma parabile, a Nearctic species, was first described by Beal in 1954. In 1956 he reported it as a fairly common pest of granaries in California. In 1957, E. A. R. Liscombe (personal communication) recovered all stages of T. parabile in large numbers from flour mills and feed warehouses in Southern Alberta. In 1958, Brooks reported it from Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, where it occurred in several feed mills and was found infesting grain samples stored in small envelopes in the Science Service building. These reports are the first records of T. parabile in Canada. A closely-related Eurasian species, Trogoderma granarium Everts, is a serious pest of stored cereal products in hot dry parts of the world and is well-established in some parts of the United States and the United Kingdom but is not found in Canada. T. parabile, however, can adapt itself to colder conditions and may become a pest of economic importance in some parts of Canada.
Developmental Rates of Larch Sawfly (Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.)) Larvae in an Insectary and in Field Shelters
Authors: Ives W. G. H.
Published: January 2010

In 1959 a study was conducted in the Whiteshell Forest Reserve, Manitoba, to determine if insectary-reared larch sawfly larvae developed at the same rate as in the field. Data were collected on the rate of frass production in both situations and used as an index of larval development. This was part of a broader study that will be reported on more fully in a later publication, but the immediate results should be of interest to those concerned with studies on ecological life histories of other insects.
Notes on Life-History and Taxonomy of Ceruraphis eriophori (Wlk.) and Neoceruraphis viburnicola (Gill.), and a Description of the Apterous Viviparous Female of Neoceruraphis viburnicola (Gill.) (Homoptera: Aphididae)
Authors: MacGillivray M. E.
Published: January 2010

In New Brunswick, Ceruraphis eriophori (Wlk., 1848) and Neoceruraphis viburnicola (Gill., 1909) are readily found in spring and autumn on their Viburnum hosts. I have collected both species from the curled leaves of these primary hosts (C. eriophori from Viburnum lantana L. and V. opulus L. and N. viburnicola from V. opulus var. roseum L. and V. trilobum Marsh.) In Colorado, Palmer (1952) recorded borh species from V. opulus var. sterile (= V. opulus var. roseum).

The known secondary host plants of C. eriophori in Europe are species of Carex, Eriophorum, Luzula, and Typha (Börner, 1952); in North America, Cyperus virens Michx. is the only one reported (Palmer, 1952). The secondary hosts of N. viburnicola have not been recorded (Palmer, 1952; Shaposhinkov, 1956), nor has the apterous viviparous female been described.
A Portable Photoelectric Detector of Flying Insects
Authors: Argyle E. , Chapman J.
Published: January 2010

Richards (1955) detected insects in flight while studying changes in the amount of radiant energy from the sun. His report stimulated our consideration of a method specificallv intended to record insect flight activity. We wished, by means of a prtabic and relativelv simple apparatus, to detect and count insects flying throush a given space. The method developed differs somewhat in principle from that of Richards. In his apparatus the effect of an insect was to decrease slightly a large amount of energy continually falling on a photoelectric cell. Our method utilizes light reflected from an insect to a photoelectric cell which otherwise views a black background.
Control of Black Fly Larvae (Diptera: Simuliidae) in the Forests of Eastern Canada by Aircraft Spraying
Authors: West A. S. , Brown A. W. A. , Peterson D. G.
Published: January 2010

The results reported in this paper are part of a study of the biology and control of black flies in the forests of Eastern Canada conducted on the north shore of the St. Lawrence River, near Baie Comeau, Quebec, during 1954, 1955, and 1956. Reference to this study is made in a review by Peterson and Wolfe (1958). The identification and biology of the black flies of this region has been reported on by Wolfe and Peterson (1959) who also describe the topography of the region. The important feature of this rugged area is an abundance of fast-flowing streams which provide highly suitable environments for the development of black-fly populations.
Descriptions of Two Species of Ceratophyllus Curtis from Yukon Territory (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae)
Authors: Holland George P.
Published: January 2010

One may well assume that almost all the Nearctic species of mammalian fleas have probably been discovered. Concentrated collecting and study of mammals and their parasites for more than half a century has not only yielded a largely complete roster of the flea species present but has also elucidated the geographical distributions and host associations of many of them. However, this can hardly be said for the bird flea, which have been relatively neglected. The distributions and ecology of the known species are imperfectly understood and interesting records and new species can still be found, especially in the western and northern parts of the region, if one takes the trouble to search. For example, recent collections from birds' nests in Alaska, made by Dr. Robert Rausch, have yielded a number of distributional surprises (e.g., Ceratophyllus gallinae (Schrank), formerly believed to be confined to eastern North America) and examination of the nests of a mere six species of birds by the writer and J. E. H. Martin of the Entomology Research Institute during a brief collecting trip on the Alaska Highway in August, 1959, revealed five species of fleas, all belonging to the genus Ceratophyllus Curtis, and including two of special interest. One of these is new to science. The second, identified here as Ceratophyllus balati Rosicky, a species recorded in the literature only from Czechoslovakia, is redescribed here for the convenience of North American students, and also to supplement the original description. In addition to describing these, the writer wishes, in this paper, to emphasize the paucity of our knowledge of bird fleas in the hope that ornithologists and others who may find opportunities to collect and examine birds' nests (after the fledglings have left) will search for fleas.
A Method of Adapting a Microscope for Observation of Non-Motile Insects on Tree Trunks,
Authors: Clark R. C. , Brown N. R.
Published: January 2010

Field studies on adelgids and other small non-motile insects living on the bark of trees are often hampered by insufficient magnification and poor light when a hand lens is used. We have tested various commercial illuminated magnifiers but have found that they are either of too low magnification or have too shallow a depth of field.
Studies of Predators of the Balsam Woolly Aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.) (Homoptera: Adelgidae) VIII. Syrphidae (Diptera),
Authors: Brown N. R. , Clark R. C.
Published: January 2010

Several species of native syrphids have been found to prey upon the introduced balsam woolly aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.), in New Brunswick and three of these, Syrphus torvus O. S., Metasyrphus lapponicus (Zett.), and Neocnemodon coxalis (Curr.), are sometimes very common. As part of a long-term study of the biological control of the balsam woolly aphid by native and introduced predators, the life histories, natural control, population fluctuations and control value of these native syrphids have been investigated.
The First-Instar Larva of a Species of Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae)
Authors: Davies L.
Published: January 2010

In the course of ecological work on black flies, some first-instar larvae that proved to be those of a species of Prosimulium were collected from trailing grass leaves in three streams in the Gatineau hills, seven miles north of Ottawa, in October, 1958. These larvae lack the head-fans (premandibular organs) characteristic of the later instars and of the larvae of most other black flies, and in this and other respects resemble those of Gymnopais Stone and Twinnia Stone and Jamnback. There is no reference in the literature to such a form and it seems clear that the first instar of Prosimulium was hitherto unknown.
A New Austromenopon (Menoponidae-Mallophaga) Parasitizing Shearwaters (Puffinus-Procellariformes)
Authors: Edwards Robert L.
Published: January 2010

A distinctive new species of Austromenopon from two species of shearwaters, Puffinus kuhlii (Scopoli) and Puffinus leucomelas (Temminick), is described herein. The new species is based on specimens collected from museum study skins and also from material lent to me by Dr. Theresa Clay, British Museum (Natural History) and the U.S. National Museum. I am indebted to Dr. Clay for the opportunity to examine material from the Meinertzhagen collection and to Dr. K. C. Emerson for reviewing this manuscript.
Establishment of Bombus spp. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Artificial Domiciles in Southern Alberta
Authors: Hobbs G. A. , Virostek J. F. , Nummi W. O.
Published: January 2010

Since Fye and Medler (1954) described methods of obtaining establishment of bumble bee queens in artificial domiciles in Wisconsin, we have been obtaining colonies for pollination and food-preference studies by similar means. The following is a summary of our experiences with the Fye-Medler type of above-ground domicile. Most of the trials were conducted in the prairie region of southern Alberta with grassland species of bumble bees; one was conducted in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains in southern Alberta, where species peculiar to treed areas are common. Because bumble bee queens make their nests in deserted mice nests, domiciles with entrance holes 1 ¼ inches in diameter were partly filled with roughed-up flax straw and set out in the fall to first provide homes for mice. The following spring, the mice were expelled and mice-excluders (thin metal plates 2 inches square, with holes 5/8 inch in diameter) were nailed over the original holes (cf. Fye and Medler, 1954).
Notes on Drinking and the Need for Water in Orthoptera
Authors: Gangwere S. K.
Published: January 2010

The literature on Orthoptera (sens. lat.) includes a number of cursory notes describing laboratory drinking in various species, but an extended discussion of this behaviour is not available. The author has spent the past seven years studying the feeding behaviour of Michigan Orthoptera, during which time he has also made observations and conducted experiments on intake of water. Findings with respect to the latter, although of a preliminary nature, are given in the following paper.
A Study of the Flight of the Douglas-Fir BeetleDendroctonus pseudotsugaeHopk. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae): II. Flight Movements
Authors: Atkins M. D.
Published: January 2010

The concern caused by extensive killing of marketable Douglas-firPseudotsuga menziesii(Mirb.) Franco, in the interior of British Columbia by the Douglas-fir beetle,Dendroctonus pseudotsugaeHopk., has necessitated studies on many phases of the beetles' biology and behaviour. Among these has been a study of the beetles' flight. Although this insect flies for only a few brief periods during its life, these periods are vital in terms of the extension and location of areas of infestation.
The Life History of Aptesis basizona (Grav.) on Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.) in Southern Ontario
Authors: Griffiths K. J.
Published: January 2010

Aptesis biasizona (Grav.) is a common and widely distributed parasite of diprionid sawflies in central, western, and northern Europe, with parasitism varying from three to 90 per cent on different hosts and in different areas. One of these sawflies, Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.), is very commonly attacked, with parasitism of 30 to 80 per cent in Czechoslovakia, 10 to 52 per cent in Hungary, and 17.5 to 40 per cent in Sweden (Morris et al., 1937).
Notes on the Life-History of the Onion Maggot, Hylemya antiqua (Meig.) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) Reared in Field Cages
Authors: Perron J. P. , Lafrance J.
Published: January 2010

The onion maggot, Hylemya antiqua (Meig), has three distinct generations a year in Canada (Armstrong 1924, Hammond 1924, Baker 1928, Lafrance and Perron 1959), and usually two generations in England (Miles 1955). In Canada the three generations overlap considerably and adults of each generation are observed in flight in late summer (Perron et al. 1953). It is the most important pest of onions (Matthewman et al. 1950, Hudon and Perron 1956), and the first generation is the most injurious to the onion plants (Kendall 1932, Miles 1953).
Immature Stages and Biology of Hyperplatys spp. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Eastern Canada
Authors: Gardiner L. M.
Published: January 2010

The lamiine genus Hyperplatys Haldeman is represented in Eastern Canada by two species, H. maculata Hald. and H. aspersa (Say). Both are small grevish long-horned beetles with spotted elytra. These species have suffered from considerable taxonomic confusion, having been misdetermined by Blatchley (1910), Felt (1924), Knull (1946), and probably a number of other authors. Craighead (1923) described the larva and pupa of H. asperus Say (sic), but apparently this was also a misdetermination, since his pupal description obviously refers to H. maculata.
The Genera Bak, New Genus, and Cheletomimus Oudemans, with Descriptions of Three New Species (Acarina: Cheyletidae)
Authors: Yunker Conrad E.
Published: January 2010

Through the kindness of Dr. E. W. Baker of the Entomology Research Division, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and Dr. J. F. G. Clarke of the U.S. National Museum, Smithsonian Institution, I was provided with a number of mites of the family Cheyletidae. Among these were specimens of two new species representing a new genus, and a new species of Cheletominus Oudemans, formerly monotypic.
Effects of Different Diets of a Host, Agria affinis (Fall.) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), on the Development of a Parasitoid, Aphaereta pallipes (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Authors: House H. L. , Barlow J. S.
Published: January 2010

Agria [= Pseudosarcophaga] affinis (Fall.) and Aphaereta pallipes (Say) make an excellent host-parasitoid couple for a determination of effects of host diet on a parasitoid. The anatomy, life history, and behaviour of these insects have been described (Salkeld, 1959; Coppel et al., 1959). Moreover, A. affinis can be reared axenically on chemically defined diets and it is readily attacked in the laboratory by A. pallipes, a parasitoid of the onion maggot, Hylemya antiqua (Meig.). This parasitoid deposits eggs into the body cavity of its host and these increase in size: the duration of the egg stage depends on the age of the host larva when parasitized (Salkeld, 1959).
Coenonympha tullia on Islands in the St. Lawrence River
Authors: Brown F. Martin
Published: January 2010

The philosophy of subspeciation among animals requires that these taxa be essentially reproductively isolated. When such isolation does not exist clines appear. We believe that we have discovered one of the rare occasions when two well-defined subspecies, considered by some taxonomists to be two species, occupy the same terrain and where some degree of hybridization has taken place with the production of a hybrid brood that is temporally isolated from one subspecies and geographically from the other. Neither isolation may be absolute but that condition is closely approached.
Etude sur la mouche-à-scie du peuplier, Trichiocampus viminalis (Fall.) (Hyménoptère: Tenthredinidae)
Authors: Béique René
Published: January 2010

La distribution géographique circompolaire et très étendue de la mouche à scie du peuplier comprend toute l'Europe et la partie septentrionale de l'Amérique du Nord. Au Canada on a signalé sa présence de l'Atlantique au Pacifique.

Dans le Québec, cet insecte n'avait jamais été signalé cornme très nuisible avant 1956, alors qu'il se multiplia soudainement d'une façon excessive occasionnant des défoliations importantes sur les peupliers ornamentaux, dans certains secteurs de la ville de Québec.
Anthophora occidentalis Cress. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and Its Associates at a Nesting Site in Southern Alberta
Authors: Hobbs G. A. , Nummi W. O. , Virostek J. F.
Published: January 2010

Studies on the ecology of Megachile perihirta Ckll. (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), a leaf-cutter bee that is a valuable pollinator of alfalfa in southern Alberta, indicated that the pillager (depredator) Nemognatha lutea Lec. (Coleoptera: Meloidae) and the parasite Dasymutilla fulvohirta (Cress.) (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) have other hosts besides M. perihirta (Hobbs, 1956). Adults of both species at the nesting habitat of a population of M. perihirta have been too numerous to have come solely from the cells of M. perihirta; also, the wide range in size of the adults of N. lutea indicated that other insects also served as hosts for this species. Mickel (1928, 1928a) found that D. fulvohirta was a pillager of Anthophora occidentalis Cress. In southern Alberts, the wingless females of D. fulvohirta would be within reach of A. occidentalis while parasitizing M. perihirta, as the vertical clay banks that house A. occidentalis are topped by the prairie into which M. perihirta tunnels. As N. lutea lays its eggs in masses on the phyllaries of the buds of wavy-leaved thistle, Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng., a favourite food source of M. perihirta, and as A. occidentalis also uses C. undulatum as a food source, investigations were conducted in whether A. occidentalis might be one of the principal hosts of N. lutea too.
The North American Elaterid Types of Otto Schwarz, with a Revision ofCtenicera bivittata(Melsheimer) and Allies (Coleoptera)
Authors: Becker Edward C.
Published: January 2010

Otto Schwarz described ten species of North American elaterids, two of which he placed in the new genusEuplastius(1903, 1903a and 1906). Several of these species are known only from the types, and none has been redescribed or studied adequately. Dr. J. W. Machatschke of the Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Berlin, kindly loaned type material of seven of these. Conclusions based on a study of these are summarized as follows:

Chalcolepidius substriatusSchwarz – Synonym ofC. webbiiLeConte.
Resistance of Spring Wheats to the Wheat Stem Sawfly, Cephus cinctus Nort. (Hymenoptera: Cephidae): I. Resistance to the Egg
Authors: Holmes N. D. , Peterson L. K.
Published: January 2010

Under certain environmental conditions the resistance of wheats to the wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Nort., may be reduced or even lost. In addition, these varieties are not suitable for all of the region where the sawfly is a problem. To assist in the improvement of the presently resistant wheats, studies were begun in 1953 to determine the nature of the resistance to the sawfly. The present paper deals with the effects of various spring wheats and of different parts of the stems of these wheats on the hatching of the egg of the sawfly and presents evidence for hypotheses on the cause of these effects. Although several authors have reported on resistance to the sawfly (Ainslie, 1920; Criddle, 1915, 1922; Farstad, 1940; Farstad and Platt, 1946; Kemp, 1934; Platt et al., 1948; Roemhild, 1954; Roberts, 1954), none has dealt with the effects of the host on the egg alone.
The Functional Morphology and Interpretation of the Insect Ovipositor
Authors: Scudder G. G. E.
Published: January 2010

Elsewhere (Scudder, 1957a), I have outlined briefly a revised interpretation of some basal structures in the insect ovipositor. It was shown that in insects other than the Machilidae, the female genitalia has a common plan, this plan differing from that usually taken as the basic type. Whilst Snodgrass (1933) based his interpretations of all the higher orders on the condition in Machilidae, I have shown that a more satisfactory interpretation is obtained if the condition in the tepismidae is taken as the basic tvpe.
The Distribution and Abundance of Wireworms in the Annapolis Valley of Nova Scotia
Authors: Fox C. J. S.
Published: January 2010

The Annapolis Valley is about 100 miles long and is one of the largest and most important of the agricultural areas of the province. The general relief is undulating to gently rolling, with general slopes from the North and South Mountains to the Annapolis and Cornwallis Rivers. The soils of the Annapolis Valley and Hants County were described by Harlow and Whiteside (6) and Cann, Hilchey and Smith (1). A wireworm survey was conducted between 1951 and 1958 since it was suspected that economically important species of European wireworms, namely Agriotes sputator (L.), A. obscurus (L.), and A. lineatus (L.), which occur elsewhere in the province, might be invading the area. The results of this survey are reported here.
An Old World Field Cricket Species in America (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Scapsipedus)
Authors: Jobin L. J. , Bigelow R. S.
Published: January 2010

In April, 1959, field crickets were collected in Jamaica and brought alive to this laboratory for study. The great majority of these specimens were Gryllus assimilis Fabricius, and it was assumed for some months that all the specimens collected belonged to this species. The senior author, however, noticed certain specimens that appeared to be distinctive; these were segregated and reared separately, crossing experiments were carried out between them and Gryllus assimilis, and the nymphal stages of both forms were compared. These studies revealed thar two distinct species had been collected in Jamaica, and the unknown species was subsequently determined by Professor L. Chopard as Scapsipedus marginatus Afzelius and Brannius.
Behaviour of an Insect on an Electrically Charged Surface
Authors: Maw M. G.
Published: January 2010

It is well known that living plants possess electrical potentials and radiate electrostatic fields (Lund, 1929a, 1929b; Rurr, 1945; Dewey, 1956; Maund and Chalmers, 1960). Additional charges are added to the plants by raindrops and by splashings from soil, dust, and insecticidal sprays. The following is a report on experiments to show whether charged surfaces influence insect movements.
A Note on the Life History of Cimberis elongatus (Lec.) (Coleoptera: Anthribidae)
Authors: Thomas J. B. , Herdy H.
Published: January 2010

Insect damage to jack pine shoots (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) in the Lake Nipigon region of Ontario was first reported by Thomas and Lindquist (1956). Since then, a study of insects infesting jack pine shoots has shown that a bark beetle, Conophthorus sp., has been chiefly responsible for shoot damage. A secondary borer, Cimberis elongatus (Lec.), was usually associated with the bark beetle, and because little has been published on the biology of any of the anthribids, the general life history of C. elongatus is outlined here.
An Introduced Species of Ptilinus from New York (Coleoptera: Anobiidae)
Authors: Simeone John B.
Published: January 2010

In a survey of wood-feeding Anobiidae occurring in the Northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, a species of Ptilinus was found which the author believed to be new and for which the trivial name friendi was proposed (Simeone, 1960). However, having had the opportunity during the summer of 1960 to examine and collect European species at the Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, England and at der Forstliche Bundes-versuchsanstalt Mariabrunn in Schönbrunn, Vienna, Austria, the author now believes his specimens to have been introductions of the common species, Ptilinus pectinicornis L. In view of rhe economic importance of this species in other parts of the world, it seems advisable to describe in some detail the adult male and female as well as to compare some of the characteristics whereby the insect can be distinguished from closely allied species.
Key to the Puparia of Common Dipterous Parasites of the Forest Tent Caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria Hbn., in Ontario
Authors: Sippell W. L.
Published: January 2010

During a study of the parasites attacking the forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria Hbn., a ready means of identifying puparia of the common dipterous parasites proved necessary so that those individuals that failed to develop beyond the puparial stage in laboratory rearings might be identified in advance of lengthy cold treatment and incubation. The following key was therefore developed on the basis of the study of series of puparia associated with adults determined by the Entomology Research Institute. The key includes the ten most common dipterous parasites of the tent caterpillar in Ontario, seven of which have been included in a similar key to the parasites of Malacosoma spp. in British Columbia (Ross 1953). The terminology used in these two keys is similar, and is adapted from Green (1921).
Synopsis of the Nearctic Species ofStenodemaLaporte, and Description of a New Species from Western Canada (Hemiptera: Miridae)
Authors: Kelton Leonard A.
Published: January 2010

Recent study of the male genitalia in the Miridae (Kelton, 1959) showed that the PalearcticStenodema virens(L.) does not occur in North America. The six other species that have been reported in the North American literature are:dorsolis(Say),vicinum(Prov.),trispinosumReut.,sequoiaeBliven,falkiBliven, andimperiiBliven. The three species described by Bliven (1955, 1958) were not available to me for study, however, Bliven (1960) has recently published a paper containing figures of the male genital claspers of these species. These appear to differ considerably from those ofvirens, vicinumandtrispinosumas well as amongst themselves.
A Pneumatic Laboratory Cage for Thysanoptera or other Arthropoda
Authors: George J. A.
Published: January 2010

Testing arthropods for their ability to transmit plant viruses depends on a satisfactory means of confining test specimens on plant hosts while excluding all other arthropods. This can be difficult with small, active insects such as the Thysanoptera. Screen or cloth capable of confining them must be of such fine mesh that adequate ventilation is prevented and condensation becomes a problem.
Lectotype Designations in the New World Myrmeleontidae
Authors: Stange Lionel A.
Published: January 2010

During the month of August, 1960, I had the opportunity of studying the extensive collection of ant-lions at the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. This collection contains most of the type material of Nathan Ranks and Hermann Hagen. In many cases only syntypes were present which necessitated the desicgnation of lectotypes. Whenever possible I have selected and designated a male specimen as the lectotype since many of the specific characters are restricted to the males. Others of the syntypical series were labeled lectoparatypes. In many instances one specimen had a “type” label and the rest of the series “paratype” labels or no labels at all. However, these labels were not considered to be type designations as they were not indicated as such in the original descriptions. The specimens were therefore considered to be syntypes. Also, in checklng the specimens listed in the original descriptions with the available material, it was sometimes found that other specimens belonged to the type series, even though they were not so labeled. I have included such specimens in my decisions on lectotypes.
The Rediscovery of an Unusual North American Phryganeid, with some Additional Records of Caddisflies from Newfoundland (Trichoptera)
Authors: Wiggins Glenn B.
Published: January 2010

Most of the published references to Newfoundland caddisflies are derived from one early paper by Nathan Ranks in 1908. Several collections received recently, however, have considerably extended knowledge of the Newfoundland caddisfly fauna. As might be expected, many of the species occurring in Newfoundland also extend across the whole of northern North America, and to some extent southward along the montane areas in both east and west. Some of these also occur throughout the holarctic area. Some of the species are, however, confined to northeastern North America. There are no species of caddisflies now known which are confined to the island of Newfoundland.
Factors Influencing the Distribution of Overwintering Ambrosia Beetles, Trypodendron lineatum (Oliv.)
Authors: Dyer E. D. A. , Kinghorn J. M.
Published: January 2010

Previous work by Kinghorn and Chapman (1959) has shown that in coastal British Columbia, the ambrosia beetle Trypodendron lineatum hibernates in the forest litter or duff at various distances within forest edges in the vicinity of brood logs. It was pointed out that further study was required to determine the characteristics of the optimum hibernation sites. It was mentioned that stand density, shade, aspect, slope, and the nature of the duff might be factors controlling the selection of the place of hibernation. The base of trees and the relatively deeper duff, characteristic of this situation, was reported to be the location of the larger populations of hibernating beetles although the level of population was found to vary greatly both from tree to tree and in depth within different forest edges.
Studies on Female Sarcophagid Flies: I. Sarcophaga aldrichi Parker, hinei Aldrich, houghi Aldrich, and Agria affinis (Fallén)
Authors: Dodge Harold R.
Published: January 2010

The abdomen, as in other muscoid flies, is composed of a preabdomen of five pregenital segments, of which terga 1 and 2 are fused, thus giving the appearance of four segments. Sterna 1-7 or 1-8 form a relatively narrow chain of ventral segments (Fig. 11). The postabdomen, or genital segments, comprise segments 6-10, some of which are reduced, absent, or modified in other ways. The post-abdomen of the Sarcophagidae and Tachinidae usually is “fixed” (not retractable), whereas in the Muscidae and Calliphoridae it commonly is in the form of a retractable ovipositor, which is narrow and elongated when extended but in repose telescoped within the abdomen.
Effect of the Pea Aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harr.) (Homoptera: Aphididae), on Yields of Alfalfa Hay on Irrigated Land
Authors: Hobbs G. A. , Holmes N. D. , Swailes G. E. , Church N. S.
Published: January 2010

Although there are many reports on the control of the pea aphid and its effect on the yield of peas, few are available on the effect of the aphid on the yield of alfalfa hay, particularly on irrigated land. The experiments of Cook and App (1956) and Franklin (1953) were done under climatic and edaphic conditions different from those encountered in southern Alberta. Outbreaks of the aphid occur only occasionally in Alberta, but in 1957 it was very abundant in some irrigated alfalfa fields. This is a report on the effect of the aphid on yields of alfalfa hay in an irrigated area in southern Alberta.
Description and Morphology of the Immature Stages of Three Closely Related Species of Contarinia Rond. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from Galls on Douglas-fir Needles
Authors: Condrashoff S. F.
Published: January 2010

A detailed morphological study of the immature stages of Contarinia pseudotsugae Condr., C. constricta Condr. and C. cuniculator Condr., along with their description, is presented in this paper. This work is based on examinations of several hundred larvae of each species, with numerous observations of larvae in the act of moulting and pupating which confirmed the morphological indications of three larval instars. Included also is a brief description of the galls associated with each midge species. Terminology used in the larval descriptions follows that of Möhn 1955.
The Number of Larval Instars of Dioryctria abietella (D. and S.) (Lepidoptera: Phycitidae) in Florida
Authors: Merkel E. P.
Published: January 2010

The larvae of Dioryctria abietella (D. & S.) are among the most destructive pests of the cones of slash pine, Pinus elliottii Engelm., and longleaf pine, Pinus palustris Mill., in the Southern United States. Larval instar data have been particularly useful in laboratory insecticide screening tests where it is essential to use larvae of the same age. The following is a brief account of a test to determine the number of larval instars of D. abietella in Florida.
The Guidance of Flying Insects. V. Mosquito Attraction
Authors: Kellogg F. E. , Wright R. H.
Published: January 2010

It has been shown that Drosophila melanogaster fly to the source of an attractive scent by making a series of highly stereotyped responses to olfactory and visual stimuli (Kellogg, Frizel, and Wright, 1962). The comparable processes by which Aedes aegypti are guided to a warm-blooded host have now been studied and are the subject of this paper.
The Pine Root-Collar Weevil, Hylobius radicis Buch., in Southern Ontario
Authors: Finnegan R. J.
Published: January 2010

Interest in this insect was first aroused by the reports of Felt (1926a, 1926b) and York (1933), who attributed injury to several species of pines in the State of New York to Hylobius pales (Hbst.). Later it became apparent that the injury reported was not caused by H. pales, but by a new species that Huchanan (1934) described as H. radicis. This insect was first reported in Canada at Angus, Ont. (Wallace, 1954), and has since become abundant in pine plantations totalling about 500 acres in Simcoe County. This County supports the principal infestations in Ontario, but other widely separated infestations have been reported near Sault Ste. Marie and from five plantations totalling 50 acres in Renfrew County. H. radicis is now known to be widely distributed. In addition to New York State and Ontario, the insect has been reported from Virginia, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Manitoba.
Three New Species of Cinara Curtis (Homoptera: Aphididae) From Central Canada
Authors: Bradley G. A.
Published: January 2010

The three new species described here were discovered in recent years in the course of forest aphid studies in central Canada.

Measurements used in this paper are in millimetres. The number of specimens of each form of the aphid measured is shown and the range of measurements given in parentheses. The single measurement preceding the parentheses is not an average, but refers to a single representative specimen.
The Life History of the Black Cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel), Under Controlled Conditions
Authors: Harris C. R. , Mazurek J. H. , White G. V.
Published: January 2010

The black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel), is of major economic importance in many areas of the world. In recent years, adequate methods for assessing the toxicity of insecticides to the black cutworm have been developed (Begg and Harris, 1958; Begg et al., in preparation; Harris and Mazurek, 1961). However, with the exception of the works by Crumb (1929) and Satterthwait (1933), less research has been devoted to the life history of this insect.
Sampling and Distribution of Summer Eye-spotted Bud Moth Spilonota ocellana (D. & S.), Larvae and Nests on Apple Trees
Authors: Legner E. Fred , Oatman Earl R.
Published: January 2010

Summer larvae of the eye-spotted bud moth, Spilonota ocellana (D. and S.), appeared in unequal densities on certain portions of apple trees in Door County, Wisconsin. The resulting non-random distribution introduced a bias in data obtained of the summer larvae. This phenomenon has been reported in Quebec apple orchards (LeRoux and Reimer, 1959) where densities of summer larvae were consistently greater in the upper than in the lower tree levels, and quadrant differences often occurred in the number of eggs parasitized, spring and summer larval shelters, and pupal shelters. The present study was initiated to determine the extent of the uneven distribution of summer eye-spotted bud moth larvae and nests on young, non-bearing apple trees. Summer larvae appear shortly after the first of August when eggs begin to hatch (Oatman, 1960).
A Monomorphic Cycle of Adelges cooleyi (Gill.) (Homoptera: Phylloxeridae) Living Only on Spruce
Authors: Cumming Margaret E. P.
Published: January 2010

A generation of wingless females of Adelges cooleyi (Gill.) is widespread on the needles of planted spruce in the Prairie Provinces of Canada and occurs on native spruces in the boreal region and in the Rocky Mountains. In order to distinguish this generation from the polymorphic cycle, it is referred to here as a ‘monomorphic cycle’.
The Adults and Immature Stages of Four Species ofEucordyleaDietz (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) on Spruce in Quebec
Authors: McLeod J. M.
Published: January 2010

During investigations of lepidopterous needle-miners and bud-borers on spruce in the Province of Quebec between 1956 and 1959, four closely-related species belonging to the family Gelechiidae were found. One of the species,atrupictella, is the type of the genusEucordyleaDietz (1900); a second,piceaella(Kft.) has been formerly assigned to the genusRecurvariaHaworth, and the remaining two were undescribed entities. In this paper, the four species are assumed to be congeneric and are tentatively assigned toEucordyleaDietz. However, there is considerable confusion regarding the taxonomic status of this group and further generic divisions may be justified in future (Freeman 1960).
The Biology ofPerilampus hyalinusSay (Hymenoptera: Perilampidae), a Primary Parasite ofNeodiprion swaineiMidd. (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) in Quebec, with Descriptions of the Egg and Larval Stages
Authors: Tripp Howard A.
Published: January 2010

For many years, the specific name,hyalinus, has been used to designate certainPerilampusadults reared from a variety of insects belonging to the orders Lepidoptera, Orthoptera, Hymenoptera, and Diptera. Normally, taxonomists hesitate to classify parasites from such a wide range of hosts under one specific name; but in this case their fears were allayed by the concept that mostPerilampusspecies were strictly hyperparasitic and hence probably preyed upon a narrower range of hosts than indicated by rearing records. The hyperparasitic nature ofPerilampus hyalinusSay was established in 1912 by Smith who recovered its immature stages from various primary parasites of the fall webworm,Hyphantria cuneaDrury. Smith gave an account of the behaviour of the first-instar planidial stage and came to the conclusion that the species could not develop as a primary parasite of the fall webwom. A hyperparasitic behaviour was demonstrated also forP. tristisMayr on various primary parasites of the European pine shoot moth,Rhyacionia buoliana(Schiff.) (Bergold and Ripper, 1937). Primary parasitism was shown forP. chrysopaspp. (Clancy, 1946), and forP. italicusF. on the tenthredinid,Athalia colibriChrist. (Martelli, 1932). Nevertheless, the concept of hyperparasitism became generally accepted for most of the genus and discouraged attempts to utilize members of this genus for purposes of biological control of injurious defoliating insects.
Mecomma Fieber in North America (Hemiptera: Miridae)
Authors: Kelton Leonard A. , Knight Harry H.
Published: January 2010

The present paper brings together the latest knowledge on the species of Mecormmu known to occur in the Nearctic region. Study of the genitalia, external structures, and distribution, show that species vary considerably in structure and colour, and these variations have contributed in the past to the confusion in naming the species of Mecomma. Lack of specimens in collections has also hindered the study of this group and it is only within the last few years that large collections made in Canada and the United States have helped to solve somc of the problems.
The Life History and Habits of Scolytus unispinosus Leconte (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in the Interior of British Columbia
Authors: McMullen L. H. , Atkins M. D.
Published: January 2010

The Douglas-fir engraver, Scolytus unispinosus Leconte, is a common bark beetle throughout the Pacific Coast and Rocky Mountain Region of North America. Although it occasionally kills young trees (Chamberlin, 1939), it is of minor economic importance, usually confining its attack to tops, limbs and logging slash. In standing timber it acts primarily as a secondary insect, attacking the tops and branches of trees killed or severely weakened by other agents. In the interior of British Columbia it is commonly found in Douglas fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, and thus it is of interest as an associate of the Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopk. Two other bark beetles Pseudohylesinus nebulosus (Leconte) and Scolytus tsugae (Swaine) with similar associations were studied earlier (Walters and McMullen, 1956; McMullen and Atkins, 1959).
Studies of Predators of the Balsam Woolly Aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.) (Homoptera: Adelgidae) X. Field Identification of Laricobius erichsonii Rosen. (Coleoptera: Derodontidae)
Authors: Brown N. R. , Clark R. C.
Published: January 2010

Over the past ten years a number of exotic predators have been introduced into New Brunswick and other parts of North America as part of a biological control program against the balsam woolly aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.). Several of these have become established and others show considerable promise. As introductions continue it becomes exceedingly important that field workers be able to distinguish rapidly all stages of introduced and native predators. Field identification characters for some species (Chamaemyiidae and Syrphidae) have been published in previous papers in this series (Brown and Clark, 1956, 1960; Clark and Brown, 1957) and have been found to be very useful.
A Machine for Changing the Positions of a Pair of Directional Light-Traps to Eliminate Positional Effects
Authors: Nicholls C. F.
Published: January 2010

In work on responses of insects to sound at Belleville, by Mr. G. Wishart, a mechanical device was needed to provide a means of slowly revolving a pair of directional light-traps in a horizontal plane on the circumference of a circle 20 feet in diameter. One of the traps was to be used as an experimental trap and the other as a check against the results of the first. A machine was designed, constructed, and put into operation in July, 1961.
A Storage Method for Collections of Insects in Liquid
Authors: Thomas J. B.
Published: January 2010

The ideal method of storing a large collection of insects in liquid should have the attributes of compactness, accessibility to specific vials, minimum servicing, and adequate space for expansion. I tried several methods, each of which failed to meet all of these requirements, before developing a storage system that has proved very satisfactory for an expanding collection of immature stages of bark beetles. Since other workers may also have a similar storage problem, the construction details of the special rack used are shown in Fig. 1, and a brief explanation of other details of the method follows.
Overwintering Females and the Number of Generations of Typhlodromus (T.) pyri Scheuten (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) in Nova Scotia
Authors: Herbert H. J.
Published: January 2010

Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten (= T. tiliae Oudms.) is the predominant species of predacious mite on apples in Nova Scotia. It feeds on a wide range of prey species (Herbert, 1959). Chant (1960) investigated the life-history and habits of this species in southeastern England and Herbert (1956) studied its life-history under controlled laboratory conditions. A knowledge of the life-histories of various components of the fauna is basic to an evaluation of predation; therefore, a study of the life-history and habits of T. pyri in the field was undertaken. This was supplemented by a laboratory study in which an attempt was made to duplicate field temperarures. The results of these studies are presented here.
Flight and Dispersal of the European Pine Shoot Moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.) II. Natural Dispersal of Egg-laden Females
Authors: Green G. W. , Pointing P. J.
Published: January 2010

In the first paper of this series (3), the factors affecting flight, and the flight potential of egg-laden females of the European pine shoot moth, Rhyacionia buoliona (Schiff.), were discussed. It was shown that the adults are relatively strong fliers, with a potential flight range greater than indicated in much of the earlier literature. It was also pointed out that natural dispersal of this species is dependent upon flight and subsequent oviposition by gravid females because unmated females seldom fly, and little, if any, population dispersal occurs through the long range movements of early instars drifting on silk. This final paper of the series deals with field studies designed to obtain information concerning the dispersal tendencies of gravid females under natural field conditions.
Distinguishing the Larvae of Three Pupal Parasites of Argyresthia laricella Kft. (Lepidoptera, Yponomeutidae)
Authors: Eidt D. C.
Published: January 2010

In an earlier paper, Eidt and Sippell (1961) were unable to identify those parasites of Argyresthia laricella Kft. that died as larvae within the host pupae. These constituted over 40 per cent of all pupal parasites and were listed as unidentified pupal endoparasites. The object of this paper is to provide means of identifying dead larvae of the three known pupal endoparasites. It is my intention to continue to collect data on parasitism to study the interaction between the more important primary and secondary parasites and A. laricella.