bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Choosing the Adaptive Cardiac Phase for Assessing Cardiac Dimensions Using
Cardiac Computed Tomography for Heart Disease
Authors: Wang Li , Zhou Jin-Rong , Chen Dong , Deng Yu-Jiao , Chen Jing
Published: April 2024

Background:

Cardiac chamber dimensions and left ventricle (LV) wall thickness change with the cardiac cycle, in which researchers have set different time
points for systole and diastole.

Objective:

This study aimed to provide characteristics of normal heart and choose the correct cardiac cycle to measure maximum cardiac parameters for
cardiovascular disease.

Methods:

The parameters of left atrium (LA), LV, right atrium (RA), and right ventricle (RV), as well as the wall thickness of LV, were measured in
different cardiac phases using cardiac computed tomography (CT). Then, their differences in different phases and the correlation between these
parameters and traditional risk factors were analyzed. In addition, receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) analyses was performed to estimate
LA enlargement.

Results:

The dimensions of LA and RA as well as the wall thickness of LV reached the maximum at the phase of 35% – 45%, while the dimensions of LV
and RV reached the maximum at 95% – 5%. However, the changes of LA-B (antero-posterior diameter), LV-D1 (basal dimension), RA-B (minor
dimension), and RV-D2 (mid cavity dimension) were relatively more stable than other diameters during the cardiac cycle. The maximum LA-B
diameter, LV-D1 diameter, RA-B diameter, and RV-D2 diameter as well as the maximum interventricular septum thickness were acquired. Heart
rate (HR) and smoking were potential indicators of LV-D2 (mid cavity dimension), while HR and LV myocardial mass were potential indicators of
LV-D3 (apical-basal dimension). In phase 45%, the cut-off value of LA-B was 37.12 mm, with high sensitivity for predicting LA enlargement.

Conclusion:

Choosing the adaptive cardiac phase for evaluating cardiac chamber dimensions and wall thickness obtained by cardiac CT could provide a more
accurate clinical measurement of the heart.
Synthesis, Molecular Docking Studies and Biological Evaluation of Thiazolyl Hydrazone Derivatives of Chromone-3-carbaldehyde as Potent Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Agents
Authors: Gawali Rakhi , Bhosale Raghunath , Bavi Rohit , Jadhav Shravan , Peerzade Nargisbano
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

A series of 15 thiazolyl hydrazone derivatives of chromone-3-
carbaldehyde have been designed and synthesized by the cyclization of thiosemicarbazone derivatives
of chromone-3-carbaldehydes with 4’-substituted-2-bromo acetophenones.

Methods:

All these derivatives were evaluated for antioxidant activity by their direct scavenging
activity objects to reactive oxygen species such as DPPH, and nitric oxide, as well as in vitro antiinflammatory
activity by a protein denaturation method. Most of these synthesized compounds
have shown significant antioxidant activity, among which the compounds 5b, 5c, 5e, 5g, and 5j
showed very good antioxidant activities in comparison with the standard ascorbic acid. The in vitro
anti-inflammatory activity revealed that the compounds 5b, 5g, and 5h possessed significant activity
compared to standard diclofenac sodium.

Results:

Additionally, molecular docking studies of these molecules using ovalbumin as the protein
showed remarkable interactions with its active site residues, and the results indicated that the binding
mode of these compounds closely resembled that of the reference compound, diclofenac sodium.

Conclusion:

Thus, these compounds represent an attractive template for the evaluation of new antiinflammatory
and antioxidant agents and might be useful for exploring new therapeutic tools.
Decades Long Involvement of THP-1 Cells as a Model for Macrophage
Research: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Sharma Prakhar , Venkatachalam Kaliyamurthi , Binesh Ambika
Published: April 2024

Over the years, researchers have endeavored to identify dependable and reproducible in vitro models for examining macrophage behavior under controlled conditions. The THP-1 cell line has become a significant and widely employed tool in macrophage research within these models. Originating from the peripheral blood of individuals with acute monocytic leuke-mia, this human monocytic cell line can undergo transformation into macrophage-like cells, closely mirroring primary human macrophages when exposed to stimulants. Macrophages play a vital role in the innate immune system, actively regulating inflammation, responding to infec-tions, and maintaining tissue homeostasis. A comprehensive understanding of macrophage bi-ology and function is crucial for gaining insights into immunological responses, tissue healing, and the pathogenesis of diseases such as viral infections, autoimmune disorders, and neoplastic conditions. This review aims to thoroughly evaluate and emphasize the extensive history of THP-1 cells as a model for macrophage research. Additionally, it will delve into the significance of THP-1 cells in advancing our comprehension of macrophage biology and their invaluable contributions to diverse scientific domains.
A Review of the Association between Infections, Seizures, and Drugs
Authors: Tolou-Ghamari Zahra
Published: April 2024

Background:

Seizures are a common presenting symptom of the central nervous system
(CNS) and could occur from infections (such as toxins) or drugs.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to present a systematic review of the association between infections,
seizures, and drugs.

Methods:

From their inception to 18 February 2024 relevant in-depth consequent guide approach
and the evidence-based choice were selected associated with a knowledgeable collection of current,
high-quality manuscripts.

Results:

Imbalance between inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters due to infections, drugs
such as ticarcillin, amoxicillin, oxacillin, penicillin G, ampicillin, tramadol, venlafaxine, cyclosporine,
tacrolimus, acyclovir, cellcept, the old generation of antiepileptic drugs, such as carbamazepine,
phenytoin, and many other drugs could cause different stages of CNS disturbances ranging
from seizure to encephalopathy. Infections could cause life-threatening status epilepticus by continuous
unremitting seizures lasting longer than 5 minutes or recurrent seizures. Meningitis, tuberculosis,
herpes simplex, cerebral toxoplasmosis, and many others could lead to status epilepticus.
In fact, confusion, encephalopathy, and myoclonus were reported with drugs, such as ticarcillin,
amoxicillin, oxacillin, penicillin G, ampicillin, and others. Penicillin G was reported as having the
greatest epileptogenic potential. A high dose, in addition to prolonged use of metronidazole, was
reported with seizure infection. Meropenem could decrease the concentration of valproic acid. Due
to the inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4, the combination of clarithromycin and erythromycin
with carbamazepine needs vigilant monitoring.

Conclusion:

Due to changes in drug metabolism, co-administration of antiseizure drugs and antibiotics
may lead to an enhanced risk of seizures. In patients with neurocysticercosis, cerebral malaria,
viral encephalitis, bacterial meningitis, tuberculosis, and human immunodeficiency virus, the
evidence-based study recommended different mechanisms mediating epileptogenic properties of
toxins and drugs.
A Case Report of Salmonella enterica Meningitis in an Infant: A Rare Entity not to Forget
Authors: Palyvou Maria , Angeli Evangelia , Syrogiannopoulos George , Farmaki Evangelia , Tzanoudaki Marianna , Dimitriou Gabriel , Varvarigou Anastasia , Gkentzi Despoina
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

Salmonellae are gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic Enterobacteri-aceae consisting of two species, Salmonella enterica and Salmonella bongori. Invasive diseases, such as meningitis, result in hospitalization, short and long-term complications, and high mortality rates.

Case Presentation:

A 4-month-old baby girl was admitted to a district hospital because of diarrhea and fever. WBC count, urinalysis, urine cultures, and stool cultures were normal. She was treated with intravenous cefuroxime for 5 days. She was discharged on oral cefprozil for 5 days. After the end of therapy, she was admitted again to the same hospital with fever, diarrhea, vomits, and irri-tability. Cerebrospinal fluid examination revealed pleocytosis, while S. enterica was isolated. Em-pirical therapy with ceftriaxone, amikacin, and dexamethasone was started. Because of intracranial hypertension signs, she was transferred to the pediatric intensive care unit of our tertiary hospital. Therapy continued with intravenous ceftriaxone. Brain MRI revealed subarachnoid space dilata-tion. Increased head circumference and pulsating bregmatic fontanel led to a new cerebral MRI, in which ventricular dilatation and extraparenchymal subdural collection were noted. Ceftriaxone was changed to cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin was added. She remained clinically well; her brain MRI, a week later, showed marked improvement, and the course of intravenous antibiotics for 5 weeks was completed. Her baseline immunodeficiency screening tests were normal and repeat MRI two months post-treatment cessation did not reveal the previous abnormalities.

Conclusion:

Invasive Salmonella diseases, such as meningitis, are very uncommon in industrial countries nowadays, and the optimal management is yet not well established. Late onset of com-plications from Salmonella meningitis warrants more thorough neurodevelopmental follow-ups.
Post-surgical Persistent Hyperparathyroidism Successfully Treated with Parathyroid Radiofrequency Ablation: A Case Report
Authors: Di Marco Francesco , Cusini Claudio , Ferrulli Anna , Mauri Giovanni , Luzi Livio
Published: April 2024

Background:

Currently, parathyroidectomy is the standard treatment for Primary
Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Surgical treatment is often effective, although not free of complications
and relapses. Minimally invasive techniques, such as Microwave Ablation (MWA) and
Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA), are an alternative to surgery in selected patients. We have,
herein, reported on the successful use of RFA in a patient with post-surgical persistent hyperparathyroidism.

Case Presentation:

A 54-year-old woman was referred to our Center for mild hypercalcemia
with exams revealing Primary Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Neck ultrasound and Technetium-
99 Methoxy-isobutyl-isonitrile (99mTc-MIBI) scintigraphy scanning revealed a suspicious right
parathyroid hyperplasia/adenoma. She underwent parathyroidectomy and histological examination
showed a parathyroid nodular hyperplasia. During the follow-up, she suffered from persistent
hyperparathyroidism due to a left parathyroid hyperplasia. Thus she was treated with RFA.
Blood tests after the procedure showed the remission of the disease 7 months post-treatment.

Conclusion:

A minimally invasive technique for PHPT may represent a valid alternative to surgery,
especially in patients with an elevated surgery-related risk. More studies are necessary to
investigate the benefit of RFA as a first-line treatment in PHPT.
SARS-Cov-2 Infection: A New Risk Factor for Pituitary Apoplexy?
Authors: Ragni Alberto , Bendotti Giulia , Biamonte Emilia , Cavigiolo Beatrice , Gabellieri Enrico , Leporati Paola , Mollero Edoardo Luigi Maria , Gallo Marco
Published: April 2024

Background: Pituitary apoplexy (PA) can arise from haemorrhage or ischaemia of
pituitary tissue and is characterized by abrupt onset of headache, visual impairment and hypopituitarism.
COVID-19 may be associated with various degrees of vascular complications and,
recently, its relationship with PA has been suggested.

Cases Presentation

Case 1: A 64-year-old male with type 2 diabetes, hypertension and coronary heart disease was
admitted to the ER, after several days of asymptomatic COVID-19 infection, with symptoms of
PA of a known non-functioning pituitary macroadenoma. The hormonal panel was consistent
with anterior panhypopituitarism and the sellar MRI showed haemorrhagic changes of macroadenoma
tissue. Transsphenoidal resection of the pituitary lesion was carried out seven days after
admission. Although a volumetric reduction of the lesion was apparent during follow-up, some
degree of visual symptoms endured.

Case 2: An 18-year-old, otherwise healthy, female presented to the ER with symptoms of PA of
a recently-diagnosed non-functioning pituitary macroadenoma, after ten days of asymptomatic
COVID-19 infection. Central hypocortisolism and hypothyroidism were diagnosed and, after
six days, the lesion was surgically resected. At two months follow-up, clinical symptoms had
completely resolved, and the hormonal panel was normal.

Conclusion: Alongside known risk factors (hypertension, anticoagulation, pregnancy, surgery,
etc.), COVID-19 infection might represent an emerging predisposing factor for PA onset. The
two cases hereby presented are both significant: the first confirms the role of “classic” vascular
predisposing factors for PA, while the second demonstrates that PA might arise also in young
patients without known risk factors.
Assessing Knowledge and First-aid Practice Scores of Caregivers of Epilepsy Patients Before and After an Educational Programme in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al Misnid Omar Saleh , Al Beabe Sultan Ahmed , Loganathan Mathumalar , Algargoosh Salma Emad , Alqahtani Asayel Saeed , Oun Saad Muhammad , Alamri Abdullah Saleh , Choo Chee-Yan , Almeman Ahmad , Aldubaikhi Abdurahman Abdullah
Published: April 2024

Background

Although epilepsy is one of the most prevalent and severe neurologic disorders, our knowledge of its intricate pathophysiology and skills to manage are still limited. Recognising its early signs and symptoms are crucial skills for caregivers of epileptic patients to acquire. This study was aimed at assessing the effectiveness of an education programme on improvement in the caregivers’ knowledge of epilepsy and first-aid practices. The findings will assist caregivers of children with seizures who frequently experience fear and anxiety relative to their perceived confidence to manage seizures. Education to caregivers could improve their perceived level of self-efficacy.

Methods

A community-based, pre- and post-intervention survey was conducted at neurologic care clinics across Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using a pretested, semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire. The educational intervention was aimed at disseminating information via a short talk and video demonstration of epilepsy-related first-aid good practices. Data were analysed using SPSS version 21.

Results

Pre-intervention survey of 586 caregivers revealed that nearly 60% had inadequate knowledge of epilepsy; this was reduced to 23.2% after education. Similarly, 84% of caregivers had inadequate knowledge of first-aid practices before the educational intervention, but this was reduced to 32.4% after that. Having resided in the Western regions was a negative predictor of good first-aid practice knowledge scores, both before and after education. A university degree or higher education was positive predictor of higher knowledge scores both before (T=-4.564; p<0.001) and after education (T=-2.775; p=0.025). The oldest caregivers (>50 years) exhibited a significantly lower mean first-aid practice knowledge score (F=7.771; p=0.001).

Conclusion

Caregivers’ general and first-aid practice knowledge were generally poor prior to but were both markedly improved after educational interventions. Targeted educational health promotion could bring awareness to those with lower levels of education and older caregivers living in particularly the Western regions of Saudi Arabia. (255 words)
Antibiotic Resistance in Morganella morganii Species: Mechanisms, Prevalence and Clinical Implication
Authors: Anfal Kara , Meriem Elkolli , Naouel Boussoualim
Published: April 2024

:

Morganella morganii, a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family, has gained increasing recognition as an important pathogen due to its multidrug resistance. In addition to its
intrinsic resistance, it carries various resistance genes and mobile genetic elements, facilitating
the spread of resistance genes. M. morganii develops its mechanisms of resistance through different genetic elements, and its pathogenicity is supported by several virulence factors. Its rate
of resistance has attended high levels in a number of studies. The global prevalence of M. morganii-associated infections is observed with nosocomial and healthcare-associated infections.
The spectrum of diseases caused by M. morganii is diverse, ranging from sepsis and urinary
tract infections, abscess, purple urine bag syndrome, chorioamnionitis, and cellulitis to wound
infections and bacteremia. Mortality rates associated with M. morganii infections remain high,
emphasizing the need for effective treatment strategies. Thus, this article aimed to provide an
overview of the evolving multidrug resistance, resistance genes, risk factors, spectrum diseases,
and clinical significance of M. morganii, and the challenges associated with the diagnosis and
treatment of M. morganii infections.
Sub-acute Inhalation Exposure to Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles and its
Effects on Wistar Rats as Opposed to the Micro-sized Chemical Analog
Authors: Zemlyanova Marina Aleksandrovna , Zaitseva Nina Vladimirovna , Stepankov Mark Sergeevich , Ignatova Anna Mikhailovna
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

Aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3 NPs) are widely used in various productions.
Simultaneously, many research works report the toxic effects of this nanomaterial. Given
that, there is a growing risk of negative effects produced by Al2O3 NPs on public health.

Aims:

This study aims to investigate the toxic effects of Al2O3 NPs as opposed to the micro-sized
chemical analogue under sub-acute inhalation exposure.

Materials and Methods:

We identified the physical properties of Al2O3 NPs as opposed to the micro-
sized chemical analogue, including size, specific surface area, and total pore volume. Inhalation
exposure to Al2O3 NPs was simulated on Wistar rats in a chamber for whole-body. The animals were
exposed for 4 hours each day for 28 days. NPs and MPs concentrations in the chamber were kept at
~ 1/4000 from LC50. Rats’ behavior was examined prior to the exposure period and after it; after the
last daily exposure, we examined biochemical and hematological blood indicators, NPs and MPs bioaccumulation,
and pathomorphological changes in organ tissues.

Results:

The tested Al2O3 sample is a nanomaterial according to its analyzed physical properties.
Rats’ behavior changed more apparently under exposure to NPs compared to MPs. Aluminum levels,
which were 1.62-55.20 times higher than the control, were identified in the lungs, liver, brain, and
blood under exposure to NPs. These levels were also 1.55-7.65 times higher than the control under
exposure to MPs. Biochemical indicators of rats’ blood also changed under exposure to NPs against
the control. We identified more active ALT, AST, ALP, and LDH, elevated levels of GABA, MDA,
and conjugated bilirubin, and a lower level of Glu. As opposed to exposure to MPs, ALT, AST, and
ALP were more active; GABA and MDA levels were higher; Glu level was lower. Under exposure
to NPs, the number of platelets grew, whereas no similar effect occurred under exposure to MPs. We
established pathomorphological changes in tissues of the lungs, brain, heart, and liver under exposure
to Al2O3 NPs; similar changes occurred only in the lungs under exposure to MPs. Exposure to
NPs induced changes in tissue structures in a wider range of various organs, and these changes were
more apparent than under exposure to MPs.

Conclusion:

Greater toxicity of Al2O3 NPs as opposed to MPs is evidenced by a wider range of organs
where their bioaccumulation occurs, more apparent pathomorphological and pathological functional
changes. Established peculiarities of toxic effects produced by the analyzed nanomaterial
should be considered when developing hygienic recommendations aimed at preventing and mitigating
adverse impacts of Al2O3 NPs on human health under inhalation exposure.
Cutting-edge Nanotechnology Approaches in Peptic Ulcer Therapy
Authors: Singh Ritika , Pandey Prasoon , Kumar Anuj , Mishra Manoj Kumar
Published: April 2024

The ulcer is a chronic disease that penetrates the gastrointestinal tract and produces a
deep lesion. One type of ulcer is peptic ulcer, which leads to the development of a lesion on the lining
(mucosa) of the digestive tract. Various drugs are used for the treatment, including antibiotics,
but don't provide correct eradication, so for the excellence in therapeutic value and decreasing side
effects, nanotechnology is being used. Nanotechnology is a technique that is nowadays used in
trend because of its outstanding efficacy and also its effect at both cellular and molecular levels.
Based on this technology, nanoparticles are used for the treatment of peptic ulcers. This review focuses
on the treatment approaches for peptic ulcers by using nanotechnology. Some nanoparticles
used in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are metallic nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles,
targeting nanoparticles, and a new technology arrived is membrane coated nanoparticles,
which are very advantageous for H. pylori treatment. The purpose of this review is to overview
and gain attention to the limitations in treatment (like antibiotic resistance) and also the new strategies
to overcome them and enhance the properties of nanoparticles to produce the anti-bacterial effect.
This development helps in the treatment of H. pylori.
Aptamer-modified Nanocarrier(s) for the Management of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Kumar Amit , Narang Raj Kumar , Raikwar Sarjana
Published: April 2024

Prostate cancer remains a significant global health concern, necessitating the development of innovative therapeutic approaches. This editorial provides an overview of the current state
of research on aptamer-modified nanocarriers as a novel strategy for prostate cancer therapy. Aptamers, known for their high specificity and affinity, have drawn much attention in both research
and the pharmaceutical industry. The Systematic Evolution of Ligands by the Exponential Enrichment (SELEX) technique has enabled the development of aptamers that can selectively bind to target ligands based on their unique three-dimensional structures. Notably, the A10 aptamer, modified to target PSMA (Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen), has demonstrated strong binding
affinity and specificity to prostate cancer cells, offering promise as an efficient drug-delivery system. Additionally, biosensors, like the innovative apta-sensor targeting MUC1, have utilized aptamers to detect cancer through electrochemical signals. Additionally, aptamers have improved
the pharmacological attributes of chemotherapeutic agents for prostate cancer treatment. Aptamer--
mediated drug delivery has offered enhanced drug delivery, targeting, cellular uptake, and minimizing side effects.
Scorpion Neurotoxin: An Analgesic Antitumor Peptide Down-Regulates VGSCs and Exhibits Local Anesthetic Potency during Sciatic Nerve Block
Authors: Kampo Sylvanus , Doudou Natacha Raissa , Kolbilla David Zawumya , Anabah Thomas Winsum
Published: April 2024

Background:

Some neurotoxins inhibit nerves strongly. Saxitoxins and tetrodotoxin exhibit strong affinity for various voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs), including Nav 1.7, but low affinity for Nav 1.8. Emerging data suggests AGAP mediate analgesia by binding voltage-independently to sodium channel site-3.

Objective:

This study examined AGAP's mechanism and analgesic efficacy during sciatic nerve block.

Methods:

In rats, partial sciatic nerve ligation caused rapid and persistent mechanical hyperalgesia. Mechanical hyperalgesia after medication delivery was assessed with von Frey filaments. Western blot and immunohistochemical staining assessed VGSC expression following drug treatment.

Results:

The data showed that lidocaine and AGAP increased paw withdrawal threshold compared to control rats. Compared to the control group, lidocaine or AGAP inhibited VGSCs.

Conclusion:

This study suggested that AGAP inhibits VGSCs to elicit lidocaine-like analgesia.
An Improved Aquila Optimizer with Local Escaping Operator and Its Application in UAV Path Planning
Authors: Zhang Jiahao , Gao Zhengming , Li Suruo , Zhao Juan
Published: April 2024

Background:

With the development of intelligent technology, Unmanned aerial vehicles
(UAVs) are widely used in military and civilian fields. Path planning is the most important
part of UAV navigation system. Its purpose is to find a smooth and feasible path from
the start to the end.

Objective:

In order to obtain a better flight path, this paper presents an improved Aquila optimizer
combing the opposition-based learning and the local escaping operator, named LEOAO,
to deal with the UAV path planning problem in three-dimensional environments.

Methods:

UAV path planning is modelled as a constrained optimization problem in which the
cost function consists of one objective: path length and four constraints: safe distance, flight
height, turning angle and climbing/diving angle. In this paper, the LEOAO is introduced to
find the optimal path by minimizing the cost function, and B-Spline is invited to represent a
smooth path. The local escaping operator is used to enhance the search ability of the algorithm.

Results:

To test the performance of LEOAO, two scenarios are applied based on basic terrain
function. Experiments show that the proposed LEOAO outperforms other algorithms such as
the grey wolf optimizer, whale optimization algorithm, including the original Aquila optimizer.

Conclusion:

The proposed algorithm combines the opposition-based learning and local escaping
operator. The opposition-based learning algorithm has the ability to accelerate convergence.
And the introduction of LEO effectively balances the exploration and exploitation abilities
of the algorithm and improves the quality of the population. Finally, the improved Aquila
optimizer obtains a better path.
Low-complexity User Scheduling Framework for mmWave Hybrid Beam-forming OFDM System under Non-ideal CSI
Authors: Liu Jia , Wang Bo
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

User scheduling in millimeter-wave (mmWave) multi-user hybrid
beam-forming Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems involves the
joint optimization of resource block group (RBG) allocation, beam pairing, and user selection.
However, choosing the optimal scheduled User Equipment (UE), allocated RBGs, and communicating
beams in practical mmWave hybrid beam-forming systems with non-ideal Channel
State Information (CSI) remains challenging.

Methods:

In this paper, we propose a low-complexity user scheduling framework. On one hand,
two user classification methods are proposed under non-ideal CSI, assisted by beam search and
RBG allocation respectively. On the other hand, in order to ensure both the throughput and
fairness performance, a novel user selection scheme, called weighted user selection based on
feedback threshold (WUSFT) scheme is proposed, and approximate closed-form expression of
fairness index for both full feedback and feedback based on threshold are derived. Our proposed
methods consist of three steps. First, RBGs are allocated based on the maximum received
signal power (MRSP) of each user on each RBG, utilizing quasi-omnidirectional beams.
In the second step, the communicating beams are further searched to achieve the MRSP with
the allocated RBG.

Results:

Finally, the allocated RBG, or the determined beam information obtained through the
beam search, is used to represent the correlation of user channels and classify the UEs into
groups. Only UEs whose reported factor is not less than the feedback threshold will report received
information. This simplifies the operation of user scheduling. Moreover, simulation results
demonstrate that our proposed schemes can achieve more than 92.3% of the sum rate performance
of exhaustive search methods while maintaining relatively low complexity.

Conclusion:

In addition, the user feedback overhead (FO) reduces obviously, especially with
large UE number.
The Artificial Hypocrisy of the Fairytale Atmosphere: The Grand Budapest Hotel
Authors: Hatipoğlu Serkan Can , Hacıömeroğlu Türkan Nihan
Published: April 2024

As a prominent example of the symbiotic relationship between cinema and
architecture, Wes Anderson's Grand Budapest Hotel (2014) is a typical example of his
unique narrative approach and has been the subject of many discussions in different
disciplines and platforms. There are many lessons to learn as architects and students of
architecture, such as the use of color in design, balance in spatial settings, perception of
space in movies, and an introductory approach to architectural history. Beyond the
basic design principles, the uniqueness it carries comes from Anderson's distinctive
approach to storytelling and cinematography that shapes the multilayered atmosphere
supported by cinematic tools such as narrative architecture, camera techniques, and set
design. By analyzing the continuous changes in the atmosphere; and the contrasts in the
spatial and atmospheric properties of the movie with its events, characters, and
feelings, this paper aims to explore the intricate relationship between the atmosphere,
emotional tonality, and architecture that enrich the narrative and cinematic experience.
The Grand Budapest Hotel demonstrates to architects how space, people, and incidents
are tuned by an atmosphere and its emotional tonality. It allows for an exploration of
the intricate relationship between the atmosphere, emotional tonality, and architecture
to enrich the narrative. The analysis shows that the movie's contrast, superimposed, and
hypocritical spaces are an essential part of the unexpected and unusual multilayered
atmosphere in The Grand Budapest Hotel. In that sense, the hypocrisy associated with
this movie is artificial since they are director Wes Anderson's intentional creations.
Towards the End
Authors: Kartal Semiha
Published: April 2024

The Architect, made in the USA in the 20th century, is an impressive work
that has managed to tell the sad stories of two different families with an “architectural
theme”. In the movie, the actors, each with a different character, present their different
lives to the audience in the “social housing project”. The EdenCourt social housing
project, which was built by the architect with great hope and an idealistic approach, lost
its function over time, gained different meanings, and emerged as a problem years
later. The difficulties of the people living in these residences are discussed in the life of
one of the main characters. The idea that “architecture is not about making models” is
tried to be explained with characters and events within the framework of the film.
Attention was drawn to the necessity of keeping up with the change as a result of
completing the requirements of architectural formation. In the film, it is emphasized
that architects, who act depending on the changing demands of society, socio-politica-economic environments, and technological developments, can go beyond modeling by
preserving the ecological balance, understanding the demands of the social structure,
and providing it. The fact that the architectural elements shaped by the experiences of
their users have lost their function over time has been the subject of the film. In this
context, it is possible to think that the film is fictionalized over the settlements that are
referred to as the 'failures' of modern architecture. The “failure” of the social housing
project is portrayed in the film, which is designed to give a message in every frame. In
the context of the relationship between the art of cinema and architecture, it can be
considered as a common point that both disciplines use space and time in terms of
“designing, producing and presenting techniques”. Just like an architect, the director's
physical, cultural, social, etc. The fact that he tries to visualize and construct events by
fictionalizing them can be considered an indication that architecture and cinema have
similar aspects. The effort to capture and understand the architectural touches in both
social and physical dimensions while watching a movie also reveals the visual impact
of architecture and cinema.
Journey To Louis I. Kahn
Authors: Benian Esin
Published: April 2024

My Architect: A Son's Journey was filmed in 2003. The documentary with
biographical content was directed by Nathaniel Kahn. It is one of the five
documentaries nominated for an Oscar in 2004. This documentary has been prepared
using archive records and interviews. The subject of the movie includes the adventure
of a boy who lost his father at a young age, on his way to get to know his father. This
five-year journey sheds light on the private life and professional career of Louis I.
Kahn, one of the representatives of modern architecture. In short, it offers the audience
the opportunity to get to know Louis I. Kahn and the features of his monumental
works. For this reason, the film has been examined from two perspectives. The film
was approached from the point of view of the child who first wants to know and
understand his father. For this reason, the life of Louis I. Kahn was examined in terms
of his private life. Then, attention was drawn to Louis I. Kahn's approach to
architecture. In this direction, Louis I. Kahn's professional career, buildings, and
architectural ideology are discussed. As a result of the study, it is seen that this
adventure of Nathaniel Kahn brings many questions about life and architecture because
this journey of a son to get to know his father is not just about introducing the fatherson relationship or an architect and his works to the audience. It also makes the viewer
question what is important in life and architecture. For this reason, it is recommended
to watch the film, especially by architects, architecture students, and those interested in
architecture.
Jacques Tati, “Playtime”; on the Modern Architecture Movement and Livable Cities
Authors: Polatoğlu Çiğdem , Temel Selda Cansu
Published: April 2024

When examining the connection between cinema and architecture, it is
evident that both sides feed off one another. While every film produced contributes
visually and intellectually to architecture, it also creates an experimental environment
for both space design and space perception. While cinema reproduces space according
to fiction, it also becomes a tool for recording history as a witnessing document.
Cinema can depict the political, social, and cultural evolution of a city, as well as the
stages it has undergone in terms of physical reality. This cinematic documentary
narrative has been the subject of numerous studies conducted in the field of cinema
architecture. The 1967 comedy film Playtime was directed by French filmmaker
Jacques Tati and is one of the films that is frequently mentioned and analyzed in
literature studies that investigate the relationship between cinema and architecture.
Playtime is a successful film that uses cinematic techniques to examine the economic
and social transformation of a city over time.

The fictional Parisian city Tativille was created for the film's set. The film deals with
the alienation of Monsieur Hulot, a charlatan character identified with Tati, in his
modern urban experience, utilizing sarcastic language and Tati's distinctive sense of
humor. In this paper, the spaces of modern architecture and the lifestyle were discussed
through place-making, spatial organization, and perception of space.
The Conflict of the Modern and the Traditional: The Case of Mon Oncle
Authors: Gündoğdu Nihan Sümeyye
Published: April 2024

Mon Oncle is a 1958 French-Italian comedy film. The plot of the film begins
with Mr. Hulot coming and going to the Arpel family's villa. Mr. Hulot lives in a place
with an old lifestyle in a crowded neighborhood in St Maur. The Arpel family is
described as a family that tries to create a modern family structure and has a modern
house. With the changing and developing world order following the Second World
War, many branches of art such as architecture, art, and cinema were influenced. It is
seen that the film, which can be considered in the transition period, is intertwined with
the concept of modernity that emerged during the period in this changing order. In the
movie, the director, Tati, explains how modernism and the modern design approach
affect society through the movie characters, by showing Mr. Hulot, who has a
traditional way of living, and the Arpel family, which has a modern lifestyle, via
criticizing the conflict between them through architecture. In the movie, the place
where Mr. Hulot lives is constantly compared with the place where the Arpel family
lives. Mr. Hulot is positioned as a transitional element for these two different spaces.
This film aims to convey the fact that these individuals have two different characters
and lives, with a modern traditional conflict evaluated through the relationship between
space and body.

In the analysis of the film, the reflections of modernity both on individuals and on
space were provided by interpreting the effects of post-war modern architecture. It can
be seen in the movie Mon Oncle that the cinema, one of the branches of art in which
the effects of modernism are seen in the changing world order after the war, reflects the
changing structure of society through the films of the relationship between space and
body. Both the structure of society and the changing phenomenon of architecture have
been tried to be conveyed through the relationship between cinema and architecture. It
has been revealed how these effects, in which two conflicts are experienced, are
handled through architecture, space, body, and individual. The challenges experienced
during the transition to modernity and modern life that wish to be reflected are
conveyed through both space and the exaggerated behaviors of individuals within the
relationship between cinema and architecture.
Imagined World, Dreamworld, and Beyond. The Architecture of the City as a Distraction Machine in ‘Lost in Translation’
Authors: Gür Elmira A. , Serim Işıl Baysan
Published: April 2024

‘Tokyo is the Tower of Babel in modern times', says Mario Botto. In the
context of the study of cinema and architecture, this account may be one of the most
seminal approaches for our article, which aims at the analysis of Sofia Coppola’s 2003
film ‘Lost in Translation’. Akin to the Babel myth, the phrase ‘Lost in Translation’
(LiT, hereafter) underpins its discourse, which emphasizes one’s dual situation, that is,
that the two worlds (i.e., dream/real, virtual/actual) do not necessarily reconcile, but
can/should coexist mutually. This reversible dilemma reveals the multilayered,
complex, heterogeneous, and machinic status of the untranslatable, referring to one's
existential predicament or/and quest in space and time.

Hence, what the phrase implies for LiT is the fragmented, decentralized, and distracted
experiences of the two Western characters, even the inhabitants, in the city of Tokyo,
formed by both visible and invisible flows of digitization and globalization. Coppola's
carefully staged urban scenes constitute a space for distracted gaze and even demand
representational forms of distraction. In this context, the article explores how the
architecture of the city, becoming liquid indistinguishable from images, turns into a
[post-] media apparatus of the multidimensional network, that of the ‘distraction
machine’ constructing new subjectivities.
Constructivist Heterotopia or Taylorist Dystopia? Layers of Cinematic Space in Chaplin’s “Modern Times”
Authors: Zeytin Emine
Published: April 2024

In a metaphorical reading, the industrialized modern city of Modern Times
is a gigantic factory designed to produce the modern man. It tries to regulate the
movements of the body, actions, and mind through modernist spatial layouts of
institutions such as factories, hospitals, and prisons. In this respect, the film can be seen
as a criticism of modern architecture and feedback for architects about the
consequences of the modernist approach. On the other hand, it would not be right to
look for the spatial approaches of the modern age only in the cinematic space of the
film. The film studio where the film was produced is also the product of modernism. In
Chaplin's silent cinema; the film set is not only background for the actions of the
actors, but also a part and catalyst of their creative and spontaneous performance.
Therefore, ironically, the criticism of the mechanizing effect of modern architecture on
the body was produced through the constructivist modern stages of the silent film
studios. This study examines these two different aspects of modern architecture: the
modernist disciplinary approach and the constructivist avant-garde approach, through
the cinematic space and production space of the film Modern Times. By using
Foucault's concepts of disciplinary society and heterotopia, and based on Chaplin's
memoirs as a witness of the modern era, the study aims to analyze different layers of
modern architecture.
Lost Highway
Authors: Pasin E. Gülay Er
Published: April 2024

Lost Highway was shot in 1996 by David Lynch. The movie is paired with
Blue Velvet (1986) and Mulholland Drive (2001). Alternatively, it is claimed that the
movie bears a strong resemblance to Eraserhead as to the narrative, showing the
characters' minds coming into focus. Lost Highway is mostly analyzed from a
psychoanalytical perspective, The Impossible by David Lynch (Todd MacGowan,
2007) and The Art of the Ridiculous Sublime: On David Lynch's Lost Highway (Slavoj
Žižek, 2000) seem to be the reference books for the ‘Lynch audience’ as well for
scholars. It is analyzed from the point of Zen and Hindu thought and from the point of
physics. The movie is mostly read through its narrative. However, I claim it deserves
more interest with respect to cinematography and mise-en-scene. The analysis of the
use of space and place in the movie is also based on the grounds of psychology,
generally.

All we see in the movie is Fred Madison’s reimagination while he is sitting in his
prison cell. He is sentenced to death, but he is not waiting for his execution, actually.
He is on a permanent vacation seeking endless possibilities, digging the desire for
Renee up. But Lynch also talks about place regarding society, too. This is exactly the
starting point of this study. Moreover, the use of elements like darkness and smoke are
clearly semantic components. That makes the subject more interesting. Regarding these
issues, this study focuses on the atmosphere and the use of place in Lost Highways.
Nomadland/ 2020
Authors: Ötkünç Arbil
Published: April 2024

Produced in 2020 and winner of many prizes, Nomadland is a successful
film by the director Chloé Zhao. Having been adapted to the screen from the book by
journalist Jessica Bruder, Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century,
the film is a semi-documentary where some of the actors and actresses live in “RVs”
and act as themselves.

61-year-old Fern, performed by the lead actress Frances McDormand, lives with her
husband, whose illness and death we learn about later, in a small industrial town called
Empire in America. Production ceases in the town where she dwells, like in many
places, as a result of the big economic crisis happening at the beginning of the 2000s.
Employees become unemployed, and their residences turn into ghost towns. Fern loses
almost everything she has, primarily her house and her husband. She buys an RV and is
obliged to hit the road as a modern nomad. She calls herself “without a home” but not
“homeless” and struggles to survive while mourning. She encounters the cruelest side
of capitalism but also people with whom she shares poetic moments.

The film, which draws the portrait of many people suffering from the global economic
crisis, lets the audience see life from the perspective of mid-life poor people who are
obliged to work in precarious jobs and live in RVs. It leads the audience, especially
architects to think about the meaning of shelter, the difference between home and
house, the importance of place in our existence, and the relation of belonging that we
establish with our stuff, place, and space.
The Architectural and Artical Criticism of the Movie Troy
Authors: Sandalcı Sema
Published: April 2024

This study is about how the 2004 American movie Troy reflects the Iliad and Aeneid, which it was adapted from. First of all, it is a cultural duty to treat important historical events in visual arts such as cinema. It also is a vehicle to not forget history because there is a true-life reality in which many people died in pain. Subjects can be treated with different perspectives based on historical realities. It is possible to enrich the film or artwork (with fantasies) on the condition of making an explanation at the beginning. The thing to be emphasized is to present the historical texture to the audience as simply and as impartially as possible and to consolidate their knowledge. However, while doing this, the single issue that needs to be avoided is propaganda. Since propaganda is a trick, it is impossible to put it in the same position as emphasizing the truth. Therefore, we endeavored in this study to express how faithful the producers were to the architecture, religion, and art of the period, especially to the main themes highlighted in the Iliad. Throughout history, Troy was the most famous of the cities with its indestructible walls, smooth streets, beautiful houses, wealth, and fair administration. Characters such as Achilles, Hector, Paris, Agamemnon, Menelaus, Odysseus, Priam, and Helen have impressed people and also have been an inspiration to people for centuries. The movie Troy had no difficulty in winning the audience's appreciation with its action, costumes, and rich cast, just because its fame is based on an endless saga. Moreover, this film has particular importance for Turkey and Greece in terms of a common history and social values. For this reason, we accept as a duty to point out some sensitivities and present them to readers.