bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of Post COVID-19 Sequelae at a Tertiary Rural Health Care Center
Authors: Reddy Satish , Kamath Vasantha , Teli Josna Ganesh , Olakkengil Nisha Davy , Radhakrishnan Buvana , Markanday Kushal
Published: May 2023

Background:

Following partial recovery from acute COVID-19 disease, patients have been reported to suffer from long-term sequelae (beyond 12 weeks from the onset of symptoms), Symptoms vary from mild to life-threatening conditions. This phenomenon is now called post-COVID-19 or long COVID-19.

Materials and Methods:

Of the total 81 patients with a history of COVID-19, 72 patients were considered for the study. Their clinical data, risk factors, laboratory investigations, radiological findings, management, and outcomes were recorded and statistically interpreted and analyzed.

Results:

Majority of the patients belonged to the elderly age group. Respiratory symptoms persisted in 53 patients followed by musculoskeletal symptoms seen in approximately 40 patients (55.5%). Renal, neurological manifestations, gastrointestinal, cardiac manifestations, and thromboembolic phenomenon were also seen.

Conclusions:

In our study, it was concluded that majority of patients presenting with post-COVID-19 sequelae came with persistent respiratory symptoms followed by musculoskeletal and neuropsychiatric manifestations. The repercussions of COVID-19 illness are reverberating and should be managed extensively, as with the rising numbers the burden on health care will also rise. Hence, a need for more research in this field for better diagnosis and management of post COVID-19 syndrome.
A Study of Human Carcinoembryonic Antigen as a Biomarker for Assessing the Severity of Stroke
Authors: Krishnamurthy Vishwanath , Srinivas Sonia , Jayaram Sujatha K. , Narayan Arun , Reddy Megha , Patted Arun
Published: May 2023

Background and Objectives:

Human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is widely used as a tumor marker. Striking similarities have been reported between process of tumor genesis and atherosclerotic diseases. CEA levels have also been associated with development of atherosclerosis; there are not many studies on the use of CEA as a biomarker in prognostication of stroke. This study was aimed at evaluating the role of CEA as a marker of severity and as a prognostic marker in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Materials and Methods:

A hospital-based case–control study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Bangalore. Sixty-eight individuals above 18 years of age were divided into two groups with 34 individuals each: Group A (ischemic stroke) and Group B (age- and sex-matched healthy controls). Exclusion criteria for Group A included diabetes mellitus, heavy smoking, and recent cerebrovascular or myocardial events. The blood sample was taken not later than 24 h of onset of stroke in Group A. CEA levels were estimated using double-sandwich ELISA method. CEA was compared in both the groups. Data were analyzed using statistical software SPSS version 21.

Results:

The mean standard error serum CEA levels in ischemic stroke patients (cases) and healthy controls were 5.67 ± 1.64 and 0.973 ± 0.21 ng/mL, respectively (P < 0.001). This was significant even after adjusting for confounders. The cases were further divided into three quartiles based on CEA levels. The mean duration of hospital stay, mortality and higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores, and poor improvement in grade of power were seen in cases under higher CEA quartile (>7 ng/ml) group. The difference was statistically significant.

Conclusion:

Patients with ischemic stroke have raised level of CEA. CEA is a promising novel biomarker for assessing the severity of acute ischemic stroke.
Sudden Cardiac Death and Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Jha Vijoy Kumar
Published: May 2023

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is responsible for approximately one fourth of all cause mortality in dialysis patients. In chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, unlike general population, traditional coronary artery disease associated risk factors are not the major determinants of SCD. The adverse cardiomyopathic and vasculopathic milieu in CKD predispose these patients to arrythmias, conduction abnormalities, and sudden cardiac death. In advanced kidney disease, these conditions may be further exacerbated by electrolyte shifts, divalent ion abnormalities, sympathetic overactivity, decreased baroreflex sensitivity, iron toxicity, and chronic inflammation. The outcomes after cardiac arrest in CKD patients particularly those on dialysis are poor. The decision to implant a cardioverter- defibrillator deppends on the patient's age and stage of CKD. In this review, we will discuss the definition, pathophysiology, risk factors and preventive strategies of SCD in the setting of CKD.
A Case Of Bilateral Lower Motor Neuron Facial Palsy in Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis
Authors: Shah Vaishal , Sardana Vijay
Published: May 2023

Cerebral venous thrombosis commonly presents with headache, seizure, and motor weakness. Among cranial nerves, the abducens nerve is common to get involved. We report a patient who had cerebral venous sinus thrombosis involving superior sagittal sinus, right lateral sinus, and right internal jugular vein and presented with bilateral lower motor neuron (LMN) facial palsy besides bilateral abducens nerve palsy and bilateral optic nerve involvement in the form of papilledema. A few cases of cerebral venous thrombosis involving lateral sinus with ipsilateral LMN facial nerve palsy have been reported. Our case highlights the rare occurrence of bilateral LMN facial palsy with unilateral lateral sinus involvement.
Assessment of Insomnia and Sleep Quality Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Karumanchi Srjana , Mallela Venkata Rambabu , Alam Krishna Chaitanya , Pendurthi Amith Kumar , Manjula B. S. V. , Pakalapati Ananya
Published: May 2023

Background:

Type 2 diabetes and insomnia are common health issues which have a detrimental relationship with each other. Clinical management of diabetes in patients with poor sleep quality is a challenge. Therefore, understanding the correlation between the diabetic status, the presence of diabetes-related complications, and poor sleep quality among diabetic patients can help physicians in the better management of such cases.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to study the sleep quality among patients with type 2 diabetes.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was carried out among 200 patients with type 2 diabetes. “The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)” questionnaire was used to document the quality of sleep. HbA1c and fasting blood sugar were estimated. Complications of diabetes were assessed using investigations such as electrocardiography, urine albumin, and other relevant investigations as and when indicated. Type of treatment was recorded from the preexisting prescription. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratio.

Results:

The mean age was 55.08 ± 13.02 years. Forty-five percent reported fairly good subjective sleep quality. 26.5% had 31–60 min sleep latency. Fifty-one percent had sleep duration of more than 7 h. Habitual sleep efficiency was >85% in 82.5% of study participants. 58.5% had sleep disturbances for less than a week. Ninety-five percent did not use any sleep medication and 62% had no daytime dysfunction during the past month. The prevalence of poor sleep quality was 52%. Among all the factors studied for association with poor sleep quality, only the presence of complications of diabetes were found to be significantly associated with poor sleep quality after adjusting for other factors (adjusted odds ratio = 4.33; 95% confidence interval = 2.13–8.78; P = 0.000).

Conclusion:

The prevalence of poor sleep quality among diabetics in the present study was high. This association was noted only with the presence of complications of diabetes. Hence, efforts to prevent complications of diabetes by regular follow-up and appropriate treatment along with regular screening for complications can prevent complications associated with diabetes and hence prevent poor sleep quality.
When Pulmonary Embolism Mimics Pneumonia
Authors: Sooraj C. S. , Kamath Vasantha , Ganguly Shreyashi
Published: May 2023

The classic presentation of pulmonary embolism is rather uncommon. The lack of pathognomonic signs and symptoms makes the diagnosis of PE difficult. Here, we report a patient presented with symptoms suggestive of pneumonia and ultimately diagnosed as PE. A 75 years old male patient with no known co-morbidity, presented with of breathlessness for 1 week, cough for one week, productive in type, with scanty sputum, chest pain since one week, sharp, aggravated on coughing. His respiratory system examination revealed increased VF/VR in right mammary and left infrascapular areas, equal air entry with normal vesicular breath sounds, crepitations in the right mammary and left infrascapular areas. He was initially treated as pneumonia but did not respond. His chest X-ray PA view showed probable mass lesion in the right para cardiac region, ECG– sinus tachycardia with right axis deviation and RV strain pattern. CECT Thorax- Intraluminal thrombus in Rt and Lt pulmonary artery consistent with acute pulmonary thromboembolism. The patient was lysed with Inj. Streptokinase and subsequently improved over the next 6 days. Whilst established criteria aid in ruling in or out the diagnosis in a setting, the gestalt of a clinician is the most appropriate defence against a missed diagnosis especially in settings of confounded presentation. Therefore, until conclusively proven with the help of imaging and lab-work, PE should be a diagnosis that needs be considered in any case of atypical pneumonia who is not responding to first line therapies.
Extrahepatic Portal Vein Occlusion Presenting with Vascular, Biliary, and Visceral Complications Evaluated on Multidetector Computed Tomography
Authors: Dhawan Vaishali B. , Gupta Roohi , Varma Amruta
Published: May 2023

Extrahepatic portal venous obstruction, predominantly a disease of childhood, is a chronic and long-standing disease characterized by thrombosis of the portal vein, leading to multiple collateral formation and other associated complications owing to long-standing nature of the disease. We present the case of a 22-year-old male with symptoms and signs of gastrointestinal bleed and pain in the left upper abdomen with similar episodes in the past.
An Interesting Case of Peripheral Arterial Disease as Presentation in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Kulkarni Sumati , Biradar Sangram
Published: May 2023

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic multisystemic autoimmune disease. Among the cutaneous manifestations of SLE, peripheral arterial disease and digital gangrene are considered very rare. Digital ulcers are relatively rare in SLE and never present as an initial manifestation of disease. The presence of an extremity ulcer is one of the more obvious clinical signs that can be due to ischemia (peripheral arterial disease). Digital gangrene is seen mostly at a late stage of the disease proposing that a long history of SLE is a considered risk factor. Only 0.2% of patients with SLE presented initially as digital necrosis. This is a case report of a 55-year-old male patient who presented with primarily with acute painful localized dry digital gangrene associated with bilateral lower limbs. Serology was positive for SLE. Doppler study of both the lower limbs vessels showed digital artery of second toe of both feet shows reduced flow on doppler study. Disarticulation of the toes was adviced as treatment.
Age Variation of Motor Nerve Conduction Study in Healthy Adults
Authors: Jena Sunil Kumar , Acharya Manoranjan
Published: May 2023

Background:

Nerve conduction study (NCS) is the simple noninvasive technique to assess the functional status of peripheral nerves. Physiological variables such as age, sex, anthropometric indices influence the functional status of peripheral nerves. Hence, this study was designed to assess the effect of age on motor NCS.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was done among healthy adults of different age group to observe the effect of age on nerve conduction. Ninety-eight healthy study participants were selected for this study after getting due approval from ethics committee of the institution. Motor NCS was performed with the standard procedure by trained technician under supervision of neurologists. Median, ulnar, posterior tibial, and common peroneal nerve (CPN) were studied for compound motor action potential. All study participants were classified into three groups according to their age, i.e., Group A (20–35 years), Group B (36–50 years), and Group C (>50 years). Statistical test one way ANOVA was used to analyze the data.

Results:

Distal latency of older age group participants was prolonged than younger age group. Amplitude in older age group participants was less than younger age group only in median and CPN. Conduction velocity in older age group is less in comparison to younger age group.

Conclusion:

This study opined age has substantial role in NCS of healthy subjects. Hence, age reference data of motor NCS are helpful for the evaluation of functional status of motor nerves.
Ellis–van Creveld Syndrome
Authors: Ravi K. , Hegde Suraj S.
Published: May 2023

Ellis–van Creveld syndrome is a rare genetic disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance, mainly affecting the Amish population living in Pennsylvania, USA, with an incidence of 1:244,000 for the general population. This syndrome consists of characteristic features such as bilateral postaxial polydactyly, chondroectodermal dysplasia, congenital heart defects, and hypoplastic nails and teeth. There have been few case reports of this syndrome published mainly in dental literature. We report a case of a 40-year-old male presenting with typical features of this syndrome.
Arterial Stiffness – A Measurable Vascular Marker in Clinical Practice
Authors: Desai Nagaraj , Venkatesh C. R. , Koregol Prabhakar
Published: May 2023

Arterial stiffness results from the changes in the walls of the large vessels and aorta. It has been incriminated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders. Its association with the major risk factors and atherosclerosis has been explored. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is generally measured to evaluate it. Noninvasive methods of its measurement, which have been found to be satisfactory inaccuracy, make it a very attractive tool for cardiovascular risk assessment. In clinical practice, probe-based or cuff-based systems are commonly used to measure arterial stiffness. It may well be suited for the detection of vascular abnormality of an intermediate clinical phenotype and has been shown to be a marker of poorer prognosis in some diseases like chronic kidney disease. It has also been found to be reversible in clinical studies, although in the early stages. Given the global burgeoning cardiovascular diseases, it may serve as an attractive clinical screening tool that may be applied to a large population to implement early preventive strategies and utilize the limited resources to those with abnormal findings. Region-specific guidelines do recommend measurement of PWV. However, in the real world, the measurement of arterial stiffness remains underutilized as yet.
Assessment of Symptoms and Complications in Treatment Naive Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Their Correlation with Glycemic Parameters
Authors: Waddankeri Swaraj , Meenakshi S. W. , Mangshetty B.
Published: May 2023

Background and Objectives:

The Assessment of symptoms in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and determine its correlation with glycemic parameters such as General random blood sugar (GRBS) Fasting blood sugar (FBS), Post prandial blood sugar (PPBS), and Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) at diagnosis.

Methodology:

Cross-sectional, observational, single-arm study of 73 consecutive cases of treatment naïve, newly diagnosed T2DM with a baseline HbA1c >9. Hyperglycemic symptoms and complications were assessed at diagnosis and evaluated for their association with glycemic parameters (FBS, PPBS, and HbA1c).

Results:

Nocturia and weight loss were positively correlated (P < 0.05) to FBS, PPBS, and HbA1c. The most frequently observed symptoms in patients with complication were weight loss (16/18, 88.9%), followed by nocturia (14/18, 77.8%), polyuria (12/18, 66.6%), and balanitis (10/18, 55.5%). Furthermore, nocturia was associated with higher GRBS and polyuria/polyphagia with higher HbA1c at diagnosis. The mean General Random Blood Sugar (GRBS) was 335.4 mg/dl. The mean FBS and PPBS were 272 mg/dl and 397.1 mg/dl, respectively. The mean of HbA1c at diagnosis was 12.6%.

Conclusions:

Hypertension was the most common comorbidity. Chronic kidney disease and nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy were the commonly observed complications. In newly diagnosed T2DM patients, nocturia, polyuria, and weight loss were the most common symptoms associated with higher glycemic levels at presentation. Hypertension with higher creatinine at diagnosis is one of the ominous signs of harboring one or more underlying complication.
Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS): A report of two cases
Authors: Rama M. C. R. , Bindhu Madhavi Gottam , Mohan Alladi , Prakash R. Bhanu , Devi B. Vijayalaxmi
Published: May 2023

Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Systems (DRESS) is an idiosyncratic severe cutaneous adverse reaction characterised by a skin rash with systemic involvement. DRESS syndrome can be caused by several drugs. We report two patients who presented with DRESS syndrome caused by anti-epileptic drugs lamotrigine and oxcarbazepine. Based on clinical presentation, laboratory testing and imaging findings, the patients were diagnosed to have DRESS syndrome. In both the patients, offending drugs were stopped and patients were treated with iv corticosteroids, and symptomatic treatment and had recovered.
A Comparative Study of Dexamethasone Ointment along with Triamcinolone Acetonide in Treatment of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis
Authors: Rakhee  , Kumar Vivek , Singh Chintu Kumar , Arvind Ananya , Ahsan Aasia , Kumar Sudhanshu , Das Debeswar , Kumari Subham
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Aim:

To assess and compare the efficacy of dexamethasone ointment with triamcinolone acetonide, the gel form, in the treatment of minor recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS).

Materials and Methods:

This was a randomized clinical trial of 60 patients of either sex with clinically diagnosed RAS who were randomly divided into two groups—the dexamethasone ointment group (Group I) and the triamcinolone acetonide gel group (Group II). Patients were asked to apply the gel three times a day on each ulcer. Estimation of the efficacy of gel was done based on the time required for regression in pain, size, and number of ulcers.

Results:

The results showed there was a significant difference in size, pain, number, and duration of ulcers in Group I and Group II within 7 days. However, in both groups, no significant difference was noted in the treatment of RAS.

Conclusion:

Dexamethasone ointment was found to be efficient in this treatment and was safe as evaluated using clinical assessments.
Clinical Assessment of Bone Quality at Implant Site using CBCT and Hounsfield Unit
Authors: Singh Nidhi , Sonkesriya Subhash , Bagewadi Shivanand B , Anwar Sana , Abraham Sajith , Parihar Anuj Singh , Mohammed Azhar
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Objectives:

The current research was done to assess the bone quality at implant site using CBCT.

Materials and Methods:

The present study was conducted on 50 partially edentulous patients of both genders. All subjects had their chests scanned using a Kodac machine set to 120 kVp, 12 mA, and a 17-second exposure time. Using Hounsfield units, bone quality was classified as D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5 (HU).

Result:

Out of 50 patients, 27 were males and 23 were females. The average HU was 786.1 at the anterior maxilla, 1174.3 at the anterior mandible, 332.1 at the posterior maxilla, and 742.4 at the posterior mandible. The variation was considerable (P-0.01).

Conclusion:

The anterior mandible, anterior maxilla, posterior mandible, and posterior maxilla were found to have the highest densities. Based on Hounsfield units, CBCT is helpful in determining the bone density at the implant site.
Comparative Evaluation of Pimecrolimus Cream 1% and Triamcinolone Aceonide Paste in Treatment of Atrophic–Erosive Oral Lichen Planus
Authors: Bajoria Atul Anand , Chinnannavar Sangamesh Ningappa , Mishra Silpiranjan , Singh Dhirendra K. , Pathi Jugajyoti , Jha Vikash K.
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Objectives:

This study was done to assess the effects of pimecrolimus cream 1% and triamcinolone aceonide paste in the treatment of atrophic–erosive oral lichen planus.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 100 patients diagnosed both clinically and histopathologically as lichen planus were considered in the present study. Subjects were classified into two groups. Group I: Patients in this group were treated with 1% pimecrolimus cream and Group II: Patients falling under this group were treated with triamcinolone acetonide in 0.1% concentration.

Results:

None of the patients reported worsening clinical signs and symptoms. No significant difference in efficacy and reduction in burning sensation of either pimecrolimus or trimcinolone acetonide was present.

Conclusion:

Present study found no significant difference in the efficacy of both the agents studied.
Intraoral Lipoma: A Case Report
Authors: Ashika BK , Bagchi Anandamoy , Chawla Riddhi , Kumar Nithin , Sowmya Kona , Shetty Rahul R.
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

The soft tissue tumor lipoma is quite frequent. Although it is the most mesenchymal tumor of the trunk and proximal regions of the extremities, it is quite uncommon to find it on the oral mucosa, accounting for just 1% to 5% of benign oral tumors. There is no specific location that is more prone to lipoma development in the mouth. Some frequent sites are the tongue, buccal mucosa, and the mouth’s floor. A Yellowish mass with no symptoms is the normal clinical appearance. In most cases, the overlaying epithelium is unharmed, and superficial blood vessels may be seen passing through and around the tumor. The differential diagnosis might also include granular cell tumors, neurofibroma, traumatic fibroma, and diseases of the salivary glands (mucocele and mixed tumor). Herein a detailed case of a 28-year-old woman with a right-sided lower-lip oral lipoma is presented in this paper.
Assessment of Biograft-HT with I-PRF Graft in Immediate Dental Implant Placement
Authors: Baghel Arjun Singh , Sahoo Pradyumna Kumar , Sharma Jitender , Almutairi Faris Jaser , Adhyaru Heenal Girishbhai , Chhatbar Ritu , Bajoria Atul Anand
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Objectives:

This research was done to assess the efficacy of I-PRF and bone graft in immediate dental implant placement.

Materials and Method:

Twenty patients were selected randomly into 2 groups with 10 samples in each as Group I- using I-PRF and Group II with synthetic bone replacement alloplast (biograft-HT) after immediate implant placement. Postoperative clinical assessment after graft placement was done based on visual analog scale for pain, modified gingival index and modified plaque index at 2nd, 4th, and 6th months. A radiographic assessment of bone density was performed two and six months after the placement of the implant.

Result:

There was a statistically considerable variation between the change in modified plaque index and modified gingival index. There was a statistically insignificant divergence in the mean visual analog scale between the two groups at 1, 3, and 6 days. Group I demonstrated a higher change in bone density than group II, with a statistically significant difference (P = .002).

Conclusion:

An innovative, safe, and efficient method for controlling the healing process around immediate dental implants is provided by the use of I-PRF in conjunction with immediate dental implant placement.
Radiological Evaluation of OrthAlign—A Novel Handheld Navigation System used in Total Knee Replacement
Authors: Patel Jeegar M. , Yadav Krishan , Daga Rohit G. , Sadaria Mohan
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

The goal of this research is to determine how well OrthAlign, a novel portable navigation system for total knee replacement, helps surgeons make accurate incisions. When comparing OrthoAlign, a portable accelerometer-based technique, to the gold standard of extramedullary jigs, the results are promising. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of distal femoral and proximal tibial cuts in total knee arthroplasty.

Materials and Methods:

This research analyzed data from a prospective cohort study. Participants in the study all had resections of the proximal tibia and distal femur using the OrthAlign portable navigations device. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients throughout the same time period who used traditional medullary alignment jigs were included as a control group. Before and after surgery, full-length standing stitch radiographs of the patient’s lower limbs were acquired so that the alignment of their knees could be assessed.

Results and Conclusions:

In the mechanical alignment exam done following the surgery, the OrthAlign group performed substantially better than the control group, although the difference was not statistically significant. Patients treated with OrthoAlign had considerably improved alignment of the tibial components in the coronal plane compared to those treated manually. When comparing the OrthAlign cohort to the conventional cohort, average sagittal plane alignment of tibial components was significantly different. Yet, when comparing femoral alignment after surgery, neither the mechanical alignment nor the OrthAlign groups fared better. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups when it comes to the occurrence of outliers with postoperative mechanical axis alignment >3 degrees or tibial alignment in the coronal plane >2 degrees. Compared to OrthAlign, conventional alignment methods resulted in a higher percentage of postoperative tibial alignment in the sagittal plane (greater than 2 degrees). Patients whose femurs were misaligned by more than 2 degrees after surgery favored the OrthAlign method, albeit this was not statistically different from the control group. There was a significant reduction in tourniquet time for patients using OrthoAlign compared to those using mechanical alignment devices.
In vivo Study to Evaluate the Effect of Instrument Size on the Accuracy of Three Different Apex Locators when Various Irrigation Solutions are used in Vital and Non-Vital Teeth
Authors: Vajpayee Akhilesh , Khandare Prachi D. , Dutta Smita D. , Marathe Seema , Viragi Prashant , Maria Rahul
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Root canal success requires working length (WL) optimization. The current study examined how different apex locators on vital and non-vital teeth responded to instrument size.

Materials and Methods:

Three hundred patients (180 men and 120 women) receiving root canal therapy at the department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics were evaluated. Therefore, we determined that 200 of the patients’ teeth (100 vital and 100 non-vital teeth from the upper and lower jaws’ first molars) qualified for inclusion in our study. The pulp chamber was accessed using a sterile round bur. The coronal region of the root canal was preflared with successive Gates Glidden drills (Mani Inc. Japan) and irrigated with any one of the solutions 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), or 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution after checking canal patency with a size #10 K file, where (#-number). Later, the working length was established using Ingle’s technique and a radiovisiograph (RVG) 0.5 mm short of the radiographic apex. Two endodontists approved this RVG.

Results:

Overall, the #15 K file and apex locators did not differ from Ingle’s method. While the #8 K file differs significantly from all apex locators, the #10 K file showed a significant difference with all apex locators except Root ZX with 2% CHX (P = 0.06). Irrigation didn’t influence apex locators’ accuracy.

Conclusion:

Even in the presence of irrigating solutions, electronic apex locator (EAL) can be utilized to calculate the working length with accuracy. The apex locators #15 k files, #10 k files, and #8 k files showed the most promising results.
Retrospective Analysis of Dental Implant Failure Rates in Patients with Compromised Health
Authors: Bidyasagar Bal Sourav C. , Awinashe Vaibhav N. , Jindal Pankaj , Khader Anas Abdul , Almutairi Faris J. , Parihar Anuj Singh , Ramaiah Vardarajula V.
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Objectives:

The goal of the current research was to compare the failure rate of dental implants in medically compromised patients to healthy individuals.

Materials and Methods:

In this seven years retrospective study, 50 patients from Group A who were medically compromised had 63 implants, while 50 patients from Group B who were healthy had 67 implants. Over 1 mm of bone loss around the implant in the first year and over 0.2 mm of bone loss per year after that were considered failure rates.

Result:

Two (2.9%) of the dental implants in Group B and 18 (28.6%) in Group A, both failed. The average bone loss around the implant in Group A during the first year was 1.21 mm, compared to 0.3 mm in Group B.

Conclusion:

Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus group had greater implant failure.
A Cross-Sectional Study to Evaluate Dental Professionals’ Knowledge of Antiplaque Mouth Rinse Agents and their Application in Periodontal Practice
Authors: Ahmed Muzammil Moin
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

Mouth rinse agents reduce inflammation and microbial burden, improving periodontal clinical parameters. Yet, improper clinical use of these compounds might have several deleterious repercussions. Given the lack of research on the knowledge and application of antiplaque mouth rinse agents, this research was conducted.

Methods:

The research is an electronic survey wherein responses were gathered for ten items with predetermined answers in addition to covariate data. The questions were conceived to illuminate the level of knowledge possessed by dental professionals and their utilization pattern in periodontal practice. The data gathered underwent quantitative statistical analysis.

Results:

Participants in the study included 100 dental professionals from various disciplines, all of whom agreed that mouth rinses are a vital adjuvant in periodontal therapy. Most acknowledged being aware of the various mouth rinse agents, but their knowledge and application of mouth rinses were largely confined to chlorhexidine gluconate, with little consideration being given to alternative antiplaque agents.

Conclusion:

Little knowledge exists among dental professionals regarding mouth rinse agents and their appropriate application. Dental schools, clinical advisory organizations, and other establishments could educate dental professionals on the specific guidelines for utilizing antiplaque mouth rinses in a dental context, especially as an adjunct to periodontal therapy.
The Perceptions of Dental Professionals and Laypeople to Facial Aesthetics and Mal-Occlusion in Central India Population
Authors: Parhad Sameer M. , Mhaske Arun R. , Mahamuni Avinash , Manerikar Ravindra , Fafat Kapil K. , Tekale Pawankumar D.
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Dental professionals play an important role in an individual’s appearance which can affect the perception of others that can vary greatly depending on their educational and socioeconomic background.

Aim and Objective:

The purpose of this study was to determine an insight of recognizing ability of dental professionals and laypersons toward facial aesthetics with different types of orthodontic malocclusion.

Materials and Methods:

A questionnaire-based study was conducted on 90 dental professionals and 90 laypersons. The perceptions differences between groups were assessed using visual analogue scale on 11 photographs. Kolmolgorov-Smirnov was used for normality test.

Results:

The perceptions of facial aesthetics showing various malocclusions were significantly different between dental professionals and laypersons.

Conclusion:

The dental professionals and layperson perceptions regarding the facial particularly in central Indian population are significantly different for most of the malocclusion types.
Evaluation of Position of Mental Foramen in Dentulous Population by Digital Panoramic Radiography
Authors: Prakash Manish , Kumari Sonali , Singh Anup K. , Kumar Premchand , Kumar Alok , Kumar Deepak
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Need for the Study:

The mental branch of the trigeminal nerve, which supplies sensation to the lower lip, originates in the mandibular canal, making it an essential anatomical structure for dentists and oral surgeons to access. It is not well known that there is a spectrum of normal that includes variants in which there may be more than one nerve entry site, which means that if the mental foramen is not protected, normal feeling in the lower lip may be lost permanently. The diagnostic value of global radiographic landmarks like the mandibular trench and the dental foramen in identifying skeletal problems has been investigated.

Materials and Methods:

Four hundred patients over 40 who fit the inclusion/exclusion criteria were chosen. Patients were recruited from Vananchal Dental College and Hospital, Garhwa’s Out Patient section for Oral Medicine, Diagnosis, and Radiology. The following patients with their consent are subjected for digital orthopantomography (Cephalometric Device for Rotograph EVOD Ref 930790001, SN 14112930, Villa Sistem Medical) and the captured images are then interpreted for the variations in mandibular canal.

Result:

The results of our study are as follows:

In this study, the mean age of the subjects was 47.27 years, with a range of 40–75 years

Majority of cases were females (53.75%) and 46.25% were males.

The top of the residual ridge, located between the mental foramen and the mandibular canal, is clearly visible to all observers (grade I).

Only 1.75% of the people surveyed had a bifid canal, despite the fact that the majority of the people surveyed had a single mandibular canal on both sides (98.25%).

Right side mean was 18,682.017, whereas left side mean was 16,331.851; nevertheless, this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.0860 NS).

Conclusion

The dental foramen was located close to where the mandible and the area housing the next premolar met. These findings may be utilized to improve the safety of peri-apical surgical procedures. Therefore, it is therapeutically relevant to get insight into the structural alterations of the mental foramen and locate its location in preoperative radiological scans.
Comparative Evaluation of Two Implant Designs Based on Bone Loss and Stability with Early Loading Method
Authors: Gasthi Anjaneyulu , Rao Udayagiri Madhusudhana , Alharethi Naji , Awinashe Vaibhav , Sayed Arshad Jamal , Parihar Anuj Singh , Manas Abhigyan
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

The study evaluated the implant bone loss and stability of implant changes with diverse designs with early placement at eight weeks and eight months’ time. The subjects for the current study had partial tooth loss in the posterior mandibular arch. A total of 30 samples were split into two groups of 15, one with a flared crest module and a buttress thread design, the other with a parallel crest module and a V-shaped thread design. Ostell assessed each subject’s implant stability four times, at baseline, eight weeks, four months, and eight months. At intervals of eight weeks, four months, and eight months, intraoral periapical radiographs were examined using ImageJ software to measure crestal bone loss. When Group I and Group II’s implant stability quotient (ISQ) values at baseline, eight weeks, four months, and eight months were compared; Group I’s ISQ values at each of the four measured time periods were statistically significant. At eight weeks in Group I, the ISQ value was very considerable. At eight weeks, four months, and eight months, there was a statistically significant bone loss in Group II in comparison to Group I. At eight months, Group II’s bone loss value was very considerable. In contrast to Group II implant designs, it was found that Group I implants demonstrated enhanced implant-less bone loss and stability.
Bilateral proptosis in Marshall-Smith syndrome
Authors: Das Deepsekhar , Chauhan Divya , Agrawal Sahil , Bajaj Mandeep Singh
Published: May 2023

Marshall-Smith syndrome (MSS) is an extremely rare developmental disorder characterized by accelerated skeletal maturation, failure to thrive, dysmorphic facies, respiratory difficulties, and neurological abnormalities. Herein, the authors report bilateral proptosis in a 10-year-old child with MSS. At present, there are limited reports on ophthalmologic considerations in MSS; therefore, this article subserves to broaden the clinical spectrum seen in this syndrome.
Clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment outcome of Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis: A 2-year experience at a tertiary care center
Authors: Vivekanand Ashok , Nannaware Shital
Published: May 2023

Context:

The incidence of the fungal disease, mucormycosis, is showing a steady increase among the Indian population in recent past years. Considered as a form of acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis, the disease is characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to study the clinical presentations, species distribution, and treatment outcomes in patients of rhinomucormycosis.

Settings and Design:

This was a tertiary care hospital-based case series.

Subjects and Methods:

The study was carried out between June 2018 and February 2020. All laboratory-confirmed cases of rhinomucormycosis were included in the study population.

Results:

Sixteen cases of histopathologically and microbiologically confirmed cases of rhinomucormycosis were included in the study. The study population included ten females and six males. Diabetes mellitus was found to be the most common comorbid condition in the study group (81.25%). Among the study group, swelling of cheek and thick blood-stained discharge were the most common presenting symptoms (9 cases out of 16). The most common clinical type was rhino-orbital mucormycosis. Rhizopus was the most common species encountered (87.5%). In spite of utmost care, treatment outcome was not favorable in most of the cases.

Conclusion:

An early diagnosis of mucormycosis in the background of immunocompromised status can help in initiating appropriate treatment, thereby reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with this disease condition.
A study on efficacy of various formulas for intraocular lens power calculation in hyperopic patients at a tertiary care center
Authors: Patel Kunjan J. , Patel Dipika N. , Dave Parth U.
Published: May 2023

Purpose:

Our study was conducted to evaluate and compare the predictive capacity of five intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation formulas (SRK/T, HOFFERQ, HOLLADAY1, HAIGIS, BARRETT UNIVERSAL II) in eyes with axial length (AL) <22 mm.

Subjects and Methods:

In our study, 100 patients with a preoperative AL of <22 mm were included. All patients underwent uneventful cataract surgery with IOL implantation and postoperative target of refraction were analyzed after 40 days. The mean estimation error and mean absolute error (MAE) were calculated for each formula, and ANOVA test was applied to compare the differences in the MAEs of the formulas. A statistically significant difference was defined as P < 0.05.

Results:

A statistically significant difference was seen between Barrett Universal II formula in comparison to SRK/T formula. There was no statistically significant difference seen among the absolute error of all the five IOL power calculation formula groups.

Conclusions:

Among the formulas compared, Barrett Universal II formula is the most accurate in predicting postoperative refractive error in hyperopic patients. Hoffer Q, Haigis, and Holladay 1 formula give better results than the commonly used SRK/T formula.
Digital device-related eye health awareness among the engineering fraternity
Authors: Bahkir Fayiqa Ahamed , Govindan Susaritha , Kumarasamy Murugan
Published: May 2023

Purpose:

The spectrum of symptoms that arise from prolonged hours of computer work has been the focus of interest since computers became the center of the modern workplace. This study focuses on engineers and aims at identifying the departments that are most susceptible to the effects of computer vision syndrome (CVS), their awareness about the entity, and identify lacunae in the existing eye health education provided to them.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted through an open online survey that was circulated among engineering college students belonging to colleges in Southern India and working professionals in the Information Technology (IT) and non-IT sector from the Southern States of India. Responses were collected over a period of 5 weeks spanning over 2 months and analyzed using the SPSS software version 25.

Results:

A total of 449 usable responses were received. The professionals in the non-IT sector logged a daily average work-related computer usage of 3.9 ± 3.1 h/day, while the IT sector professionals logged 4.3 ± 3.2 h/day of work-related computer usage. Among the participants, 57% of the study population were unaware of an entity called CVS, and 74.6% believed that blue light filters prevented damage caused by prolonged screen time. The data showed that 18% of the study population have never undergone an ophthalmic evaluation.

Conclusion:

It is evident that no health education is available to engineers at any stage of their professional career that helps them deal with ocular effects of prolonged screen time. We would like to recommend an ophthalmic screening and eye-heath awareness program to be conducted at the time of recruitment, with refresher courses at timely intervals.
An overview of correlation and regression methods in medical research – An ophthalmologic perspective
Authors: Nair N. Sreekumaran , Ganapathy Sachit
Published: May 2023

Correlation and regression are two commonly used statistical techniques in modelling medical data. It s essential for clinicians to understand the methodology of these techniques in general and their implications in clinical area of expertise. This article provides an overview on correlation and regression methods from an ophthalmologic perspective.
Neuro ophthalmic manifestations of intracranial aneurysms: A case series
Authors: Kowsalya Akkayasamy , Sangeetha Raja , Jayashree Narayanamoorthy , Saidheera Mulasthanam
Published: May 2023

To report the various neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of patients with intracranial aneurysms at a tertiary eye care center in Southern India. This is a retrospective case series of patients in a single center between January 2017 and January 2018. We present a series of five cases of intracranial aneurysms in the age group of 13 to 66 years comprising four women and one boy. The patients had varied presentations on the initial examination. It is extremely rare that a patient visits a hospital due to visual symptoms caused by an aneurysmal compression of the optic nerve. An intracranial aneurysm needs to be ruled in cases of unexplained unilateral vision loss or nerve palsy. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment can save the patient from complete vision loss or other complications due to an aneurysm.
Predictors of visual outcome following surgery in sellar lesions
Authors: Devika S. , Somasundaran Sandhya , Solomon Charmaine Bridgette , Jyothi Poothatta
Published: May 2023

Purpose:

The purpose of the study is to find out the factors affecting visual outcome after surgery in patients with sellar lesions.

Methods:

We prospectively analyzed 36 patients diagnosed with sellar tumors who underwent surgery between July 2018 and January 2020. Clinical and demographic data including age, sex, pre- and post-operative visual acuity, visual field, and fundus examination was done in these patients. Size of the tumor was also measured radiologically. The size of the tumor was categorized as <2 and ≥2 cm.

Results:

Larger tumors had significant association with optic disc changes and visual field defects. The mean visual acuity (LogMAR) and field defects (mean deviation) improved postsurgery (pairedt-test). Five of the six patients with peripheral constriction showed an improvement in the visual fields after surgery while only one of 15 patients with temporal hemianopia showed improvement in visual fields after surgery (P= 0.009). Patients with a tumor size <2 cm had statistically significant improvement in visual acuity (pairedt-testP< 0.001) and visual fields (pairedt-testP= 0.008.

Conclusion:

Tumor size <2 cm was found to be a good predictor of visual outcome after surgery.
Predictors of Family Life and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Education among Secondary School Students in a Southwestern Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Obembe Taiwo A. , Fagbolu Tolulope Adeola , Okunade Ibukunoluwa Elizabeth
Published: May 2023

Background:

In schools, young people learn about sexuality in both formal and informal ways. Family Life and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome Education (FLHE) is important to students. Effective implementation of FLHE program will ensure that adolescents do not lack important information to develop the right attitude and behavior toward sexuality issues.

Aims and Objectives:

This study aimed to assess the level of impact of FLHE curriculum among students in a Southwestern metropolis of Nigeria. A quantitative study was carried among 410 students in selected secondary schools in Ibadan. Data collection was carried out using pretested, semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaires.

Materials and Methods:

Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and binary logistic regression was used to test the relationships between variables at a 95% level of significance.

Results:

The mean age for the study respondents was 14.93 ± 1.42 years with 53.2% from public schools; 25.6% from private schools, and 21.2% from missionary schools. Mass media accounted for the most frequent source of information (85.1%) while the school was the least source of information (23.2%) on FLHE. Students aged 16–20 years were 1.6 times more likely to have sex as compared to students aged 12–15 years (odd ratio [OR]:1.60; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.73–3.49) while female students were six times less likely to have sex compared to male students (OR:0.163; 95% CI: 0.08–0.33).

Conclusion:

Knowledge of FLHE amongst young adults is considerably more from extraneous sources other than from school or family units. The budgetary allocation by the National and State governments to the educational sector should be scaled up to enhance the full implementation of FLHE in most secondary schools to invariably support the Fourth Sustainable Development Goal.