bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Translation and validation of the Addiction Recovery Questionnaire (ARQ)
Authors: Saghir Muhammad , Iqbal Bhatti Mazhar , Ahmed Fayyaz
Published: November 2023

Substance abuse is a pandemic disease in Pakistan. The use of stimulants such as methamphetamine and ecstasy is common among adolescents, and it is increasing day by day. Our educational institutes are also facing this problem. So, in the present study, the Addiction Recovery Questionnaire (ARQ) was translated and validated in Pakistani culture to address the language barrier. The present study aimed to translate and validate the addiction recovery questionnaire on a sample of 140 substance users. Five independent translators who were experts in translation were selected to translate the ARQ in Urdu, which was finalized by the committee of 3 experts. Similarly, 3 English translators were contacted to translate the Urdu version back into English and shared with the Authors for their feedback. The author's recommendations were also incorporated. The alpha reliability of the ARQ was reported as α = 0.60, which shows the reliability of the measure. CFA was applied for the translated version for model fit, and to confirm the factor loading, the value of Chi-Square 63.20 with RMSEA of 0.04 indicates an adequate fit of the model. The reliability of the measure was first time established in the present study, and the CFA was also done to determine the construct-based factors of recovery. Hence, the ARQ is a reliable and brief recovery outcome that can give information about different dimensions of recovery, such as abstinence, normal living, and positive life expectancy.
Investigating the Use of Flipped Classroom Technologies on Students' Learning at Secondary Level
Authors: Yasmin Tahira , Hussain Bhadroo Mazhar , Ullah Naeem
Published: November 2023

The flipped classroom concept, considered a crucial element of blended learning, has garnered significant attention from scholars and educators in contemporary times. The flipped classroom concept entails a pedagogical approach where the traditional sequence of classroom activities and homework assignments is inverted. This study provides an overview of flipped classroom technology and examines its potential benefits for educators and learners. The authors report the findings from deploying the flipped classroom approach in the language learning environment. The research demonstrates that using the aforementioned technology within the educational process raises students' motivation and promotes their academic performance.
Questões éticas na doação de órgãos em casos de morte cerebral: uma análise multidisciplinar
Authors: Feitosa Dirceu Hallefe de Souza , Santana Alberto Magno Ramos , Botelho Rayane Martins
Published: November 2023

Introdução: A doação de órgãos em casos de morte cerebral é um tema complexo no campo da ética que envolve questões médicas, religiosas, culturais e sociais. A definição de morte cerebral, as crenças religiosas, a justiça na alocação de órgãos e a integridade do processo de doação são pontos-chave que geram debates e desafios significativos. Metodologia: Para atingir o objetivo, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura, abrangendo estudos que abordaram as questões éticas na doação de órgãos em contextos de morte cerebral. Bases de dados acadêmicas utilizando revistas ciêntificas, livros acadêmicos, pesquisadas para identificar artigos relevantes que discutissem os aspectos médicos, religiosos, culturais e sociais relacionados ao tema entre 2003 e 2023. Resultados: A análise da literatura revelou uma variedade de perspectivas sobre as questões éticas na doação de órgãos em casos de morte cerebral. Houve debates em torno da definição de morte cerebral, com divergências nas abordagens médicas e filosóficas. As crenças religiosas desempenham um papel importante nas decisões de doação de órgãos, variando amplamente entre diferentes grupos religiosos. A justiça na alocação de órgãos mostrou-se desafiadora devido à escassez de doadores e à necessidade de critérios equitativos. A integridade do processo de doação foi enfatizada como crucial para manter a confiança pública no sistema. Conclusão: Em conclusão, a revisão sistemática ressaltou a complexidade das questões éticas na doação de órgãos em  casos de morte cerebral. A definição de morte encefálica (ME) leva em consideração a integralidade do processo de doação, as crenças religiosas, a justiça na alocação de órgãos são fatores interconectados que demandam uma abordagem sensível e multidisciplinar. Para promover a doação de órgãos de maneira ética e altruísta, é essencial considerar as diversas perspectivas e buscar um equilíbrio entre valores culturais, crenças religiosas, necessidades médicas e princípios éticos.
Analisis Filosofi dan Teori Hukum Ekonomi Syariah dalam Konteks Perbankan Syariah
Authors: Pusvisasari Lina , Bisri Hasan , Suntana Ija
Published: November 2023

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis filosofi dan teori hukum ekonomi syariah yang menjadi dasar operasional perbankan syariah serta dampaknya pada sistem keuangan modern. Pendekatan penelitian dilakukan melalui analisis literatur terkait filosofi dan teori hukum ekonomi syariah dalam konteks perbankan syariah. Data diperoleh dari sumber-sumber primer dan sekunder yang mengulas prinsip-prinsip agama Islam yang diterapkan dalam ekonomi dan perbankan syariah. Filosofi perbankan syariah mengandung aspek moral, etika, dan keadilan yang mendasar dalam ajaran Islam. Prinsip-prinsip utama termasuk penghindaran riba (bunga), gharar (ketidakpastian berlebihan), dan maisir (spekulasi). Teori hukum ekonomi syariah berfokus pada konsep mudarabah dan musharakah yang mewakili prinsip bagi hasil dan pembagian risiko antara bank dan nasabah. Produk-produk keuangan seperti murabahah, ijarah, dan wakalah diimplementasikan sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip ini. Filosofi dan teori hukum ekonomi syariah memungkinkan perbankan syariah menjadi alternatif yang beretika dan berlandaskan keadilan dalam sistem keuangan. Prinsip-prinsip ini mengarah pada pengembangan produk-produk inovatif yang sesuai dengan nilai-nilai Islam dan menghindari praktik-praktik yang dianggap merugikan. Namun, implementasi yang konsisten dan efektif memerlukan pengawasan yang kuat dan pemahaman mendalam terhadap hukum Islam. Filosofi dan teori hukum ekonomi syariah membentuk dasar yang kokoh bagi perbankan syariah. Nilai-nilai etika, keadilan, dan penghindaran riba menjadi landasan utama dalam mengembangkan produk-produk keuangan yang sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip Islam. Meskipun tantangan implementasi ada, perbankan syariah terus berperan dalam menggabungkan ajaran agama dengan kebutuhan modern dalam bidang ekonomi dan keuangan.
Kelayakan Usahatani Vanili (Tanaman Sela) di Kecamatan Pringgarata Kabupaten Lombok Tengah
Authors: Mansyur Mansyur , Anwar Khairil , Rosadi Narita Amni
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan di Desa Pemepek Kecamatan Pringgarata Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pendapatan dan kelayakan Usahatani Vanili sebagai tanaman sela pada tanaman perkebunan. Untuk mengetahui besarnya pendapatan usahatani vanili dapat dihitung menggunakan rumus I = TR – TC, sedangkan untuk mengetahui kelayakan usahatani dapat dihitung dengan alat analisis Revenue Cost Ratio (R/C Ratio). Desa Pemepek terpilih sebagai lokasi penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, menggunakan 30 responden yang ditentukan secara quota sampling dan pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara langsung dengan responden menggunakan kuesioner yang disiapkan dan dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei 2023. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata pendapatan usahatani vanili (tanaman sela) di Desa Pemepek Kecamatan Pringgarata Kabupaten Lombok Tengah sebesar Rp6.532.969,00 per ha per tahun, dengan nilai RC Ratio = 3,08. Hal ini berarti usahatani vanili (tanaman sela) dapat menguntungkan dan layak untuk dikembangkan. Permasalahan utama pada usahatani vanili di Desa Pemepek adalah kendala teknis pemeliharaan sebesar 50% dari jumlah responden, hal ini disebabkan minimnya pengetahuan terhadap teknik pengendalian hama dan penyakit pada tanaman vanili.
Análise do saber a ensinar sobre modelos planetários em documentos curriculares: BNCC e RCRO
Authors: De Almeida Patrícia Matos Viana , Errobidart Nádia Cristina Guimarães
Published: November 2023

Neste trabalho utilizou-se a teoria da transposição didática para analisar a materialização do saber a ensinar sobre os modelos planetários, na Base Nacional Comum Curricular e no Referencial Curricular do Estado de Rondônia.  Na análise buscou-se indícios sobre a dessincretização de objetos de conhecimento, em tópicos e subtópicos, que que possibilitasse a discussão das contribuições de Aristóteles, Copérnico, Galileu Galilei e outros colaboradores, no processo de construção da ciência, relacionado com modelos planetários. Como resultado, foi observado que a instituição responsável pelas ações de transposição, na esfera estadual, manteve a indicação de objetos de conhecimento, tal como sugerido no documento nacional, efetuando apenas duas inserções genéricas. Quanto a proposição das habilidades almejadas no decorrer de cada ano letivo, verificamos a indicação de propostas de contextualização que contemplam saberes de comunidades quilombola, ribeirinhas e indígenas.
IS THERE AN OPTIMAL VALUE ADDED TAX RATE?
Authors:   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, SMEDOIU-POPOVICIU Alexandra , HOROBET Alexandra-Lavinia ,   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, BELASCU Lucian ,   Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu
Published: November 2023

With VAT being one of (if not the) largest contributors to country budgets, many Governments are preoccupied with maximising VAT collections. However, a simplistic view of increasing the VAT rate is not appropriate, as research shows there is inverse relationship between marginal collections and marginal VAT rates. Instead, as results in this Generalized Method of Moments estimation proposed by this paper shows, Governments should look at effective rates of taxation based on the composition of their economy. Also, providing generalized or large-scale reductions or exemptions depresses the effective rate of taxation and reduces the VAT productivity index, although we see them as very popular in European Union countries. A connected but important area is the level of collection, which is influenced by a cumulus of factors, starting with the tax rate (negative correlation), to digitalisation of the administration (positive correlation) and economic culture of a country (positive correlation). In any case, consumption taxes such as VAT seem to be less distortionary to economic activity and investment than direct taxes, so more attention is required to setting an optimal VAT rate that generates maximum marginal collection.
THE INFLUENCE OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN THE SERVICE SECTOR TO DRIVE SUSTAINABILITY
Authors:   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, CHIRVASE Ciprian-Sorin , ZAMFIR Andreea ,   Bucharest University of Economic Studies
Published: November 2023

The authors have carried out a research paper to investigate how the digital transformation of the service sector leads to sustainability and improves the implementation and achievement of sustainable development objectives, but also to expose the challenges and opportunities through systematic research of the existing specialized literature. We live in an era of digitization, the future is certainly a digital one and the latest generation technologies have unimaginable capabilities to create infinite opportunities for sustainable development in absolutely any field or corner of the world. Digitization makes this dream of a sustainably developed world in which all 17 sustainable development objectives are fully achieved, become reality in the near future. Following the research, we concluded that the successful achievement of sustainable development objectives is represented by the power of motivation of the private sector and citizens to participate actively, but also their connection with the government by introducing a legislative framework to measure the involvement of each of the participants in order to create another framework based on bonuses by reducing taxes and other personalized benefits, and this can only be achieved through digitalization and the latest generation technologies, which definitely represent the path to a sustainably developed world of the future, the legacy of today s society for future generations. The results of this research make an important contribution to the field of study and complement the existing specialized literature.
Evaluación de las fases de calidad y aplicabilidad de la norma ISO 15189:2012 en un Laboratorio Clínico de Cuenca
Authors: Mendoza-González Ana Yolanda , Lino-Villacreses William Antonio , Durán-Ávila Narcisa Liliana
Published: November 2023

El laboratorio clínico es un apoyo muy importante en la asistencia médica, de sus resultados depende un buen diagnóstico para el paciente, por tal motivo estos resultados deben ser exactos, confiables y con calidad. En Ecuador existen aproximadamente 4000 laboratorios clínicos, de los cuales solamente 2000 están registrados en el ACCESS es decir el 50%, por lo que se detectan anomalías en los resultados de algunos laboratorios, uno de cada 150 pacientes, deciden repetir el examen para constatar el resultado obtenido, el objetivo fue evaluar las fases de calidad y aplicabilidad de la norma ISO 15189:2012 en un laboratorio clínico de Cuenca. El presente estudio es de tipo observacional, descriptivo, explicativo, cuasiexperimental que se aplica de manera transversal, donde se detectará los errores, presentes en las distintas fases del laboratorio clínico hasta la emisión de sus resultados. En el nivel de cumplimiento de calidad según la lista de verificación del SAE de la Norma ISO 15189:2012 se obtuvo los siguientes resultados: procesos de calidad 69%, gestión y documentación 69%, fase preanalítica 53%, fase analítica 59%, fase posanalítica 88%. Las fases de calidad y la implementación de un sistema de gestión de calidad, son de vital importancia en el laboratorio clínico, porque ayudan a mejorar la atención al paciente, desde la verificación de la solicitud, desarrollo de un analito, hasta la entrega del resultado, empleando un sistema de gestión de calidad a la mejora continua, la cual garantiza su buen uso, obteniendo como producto final, un buen servicio, competitividad y calidad.
CURVA DE MATURAÇÃO EM TRÊS CULTIVARES DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR NA SAFRA 2023 NO MUNICÍPIO DE JOÃO PINHEIRO – MG
Authors: Da Silva Neto Raphael Ferreira , Peres Willyder Leandro Rocha , Da Rocha Ademir Quintino
Published: November 2023

A cana-de-açúcar é uma planta pequena, com muitas fibras, formato cilíndrico e folhas longas. Pode crescer até seis metros de altura e está relacionada ao arroz, milho, cevada e outras gramíneas. Seu caule é rico em sacarose e por isso a cana-de-açúcar é a principal fonte de açúcar, importante alimento para o ser humano. Outro produto derivado da cana-de-açúcar é o álcool, produto importante para a economia do país. A cana-de-açúcar é originária da Oceania, especialmente na ilha da Nova Guiné, ao norte da Austrália. Tem melhor desempenho em climas tropicais e subtropicais, como o Brasil, onde é amplamente cultivado. O cultivo da cana-de-açúcar começou na antiguidade, mas se espalhou pelo mundo através da migração humana. Chegou ao Brasil por volta de 1520, logo depois dos portugueses. Durante o período colonial, a cana-de-açúcar foi trazida para o país devido à grande procura do mercado internacional (que considerava o açúcar um adoçante caro). Os portugueses aproveitaram as condições favoráveis ​​do nosso país para o cultivo: o solo (naquela época, principalmente as zonas costeiras) e o clima do Brasil criaram condições para a agricultura em grande escala. Então, desde o século XVI, a cana-de-açúcar tornou-se uma das nossas culturas mais importantes. Hoje, o Brasil é o maior produtor mundial de cana-de-açúcar e lidera nas vendas de etanol, substância derivada da cana-de-açúcar.
Estimasi Cadangan Endapan Nikel Laterit Pada Sub Blok 4 Blok TAA PT Bumi Nikel Nusantara Kecamatan Andowia Kabupaten Konawe Utara Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara
Authors: Juita Ita , Anshari Erwin , Saputra Irfan
Published: November 2023

Perhitungan cadangan merupakan hal penting dalam proses penambangan sumberdaya mineral. Perhitungan cadangan dijadikan sebagai dasar evaluasi untuk menghasilkan keputusan suatu endapan layak atau tidak layak ditambang. Pada penelitian ini, pengolahan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan bantuan perangkat lunak Micromine 2021.5. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data diperoleh nilai coefficient of varians (CV) assay zona limonit adalah 0,37 dan zona saprolit 0,33 sedangkan nilai CV komposit zona limonit adalah 0,35 dan zona saprolit 0,30 dan hasil variogram kadar nikel menghasilkan anisotropi geometri yang menggambarkan daerah pengaruh (range) sebaran endapan nikel untuk zona limonit sepanjang 48,02 m dan berarah N139,6°E sedangkan range untuk zona saprolit sepanjang 50,45 m dan berarah N140,1°E, yang berarah tenggara-baratlaut untuk zona limonit dan zona saprolit. Estimasi sumberdaya dilakukan menggunakan metode Inverse Distance Weight (IDW) Power 4 yang diperoleh melalui analisis hasil penaksiran menggunakan parameter root mean square error (RMSE) dengan total volume cadangan pada Sub Blok 4 Blok TAA adalah sebesar 276.350 m3 dan memiliki tonase sebesar 429.893 ton dengan nilai rata-rata kadar Ni adalah 1,68%.
Modalidad epistémica y evidencialidad: el caso de los marcadores en la sección conclusiones del artículo de investigación
Authors: Oliveros-Rodríguez Elennys , Serrano-Moreno María Stella
Published: November 2023

La modalidad es una categoría gramatical que se expresa por medio de recursos gramaticales y léxicos. La evidencialidad nos ofrece información sobre el modo en el que el hablante ha conocido de un hecho, evento o conocimiento; es decir, apunta a las fuentes y a los modos de acceso al conocimiento y a los tipos de evidencia, aunado al compromiso del hablante o evaluación epistémica. La presente investigación tiene el propósito de analizar los recursos lingüísticos que utilizan escritores expertos y escritores en formación para expresar la modalidad epistémica y la evidencialidad en la sección conclusiones del artículo de investigación. Para el desarrollo de este trabajo hemos constituido un corpus de cuarenta y ocho (48) artículos: veinticuatro (24) artículos publicados por escritores expertos y veinticuatro (24) artículos producidos por escritores en formación, en los campos de la Psicología y la Educación.  Los hallazgos muestran que en la sección conclusiones es evidente la alta ocurrencia de estrategias de ocultamiento y atenuación en los textos de escritores expertos, en relación con una menor ocurrencia de estos mismos recursos lingüísticos en las conclusiones escritas por escritores en formación. Se concluye que los resultados de este estudio tienen una implicación directa en las estrategias que utiliza el experto en escritura académica para orientar a sus estudiantes en la escritura de textos disciplinares, y más aún, en la escritura de artículos científicos.
Impact of Preventive and Mandatory Social Isolation in the control of type I diabetes in adults in the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area
Authors: Morgner Maria Isabel , Djament Lorena
Published: November 2023

Introduction: the measures taken by the Argentine government to avoid contagion of the SARS-CoV-2 virus consisted in what was called Preventive and Mandatory Social Isolation (Aislamiento Social Preventivo y Obligatorio, ASPO), which was established on March 20th of 2020. The disposition restricted medical checkups and physical activity for several months and modified the population’s eating habits. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a high incidence and prevalence pathology worldwide. While the majority of the patients suffer from DM II, the percentage of DM I and its peculiarities make worth an analysis regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: assessing the impact of ASPO on the metabolic control of patients who live in the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area (AMBA) during the period March-December 2020. Results: of the 45 subjects involved in the study, 42,2 % saw an increase in their HbA1c level, did not know the value, or did not get tested. This is a situation of clinical interest for a more exhaustive follow-up. In addition, 60 % of the total gained weight and 38 % decreased the frequency of physical activity, while 35 % did not perform any activity at all. Furthermore, 73,3 % reported having experienced anxiety, 64,4 % apathy, and 60 %, sadness. Conclusion: the impossibility of carrying out ordinary activities, the suspension or reduction of frequency of physical exercise, and the increase and modification of the quality of meals with the resulting weight gain had an impact on the rising of HbA1c levels during the Preventive and Mandatory Social Isolation
Sweat, Tears, And Gold In Political Football
Authors: Fahruddiana Yosphia
Published: November 2023

Football is a separate form of entertainment for the community, many think that the atmosphere without football sometimes becomes boring. Basically, football represents love where everyone really wants to see their idol players, football clubs and some styles of football. Many people make football as a source of income. However, there are still many political elites who use it as a political arena to enhance the reputation of individuals or groups. Such a model justifies the existence of political actors in football, so that football matches are sometimes like matches between factions or groups that politicize each other.
Perception and Experience of Inclusive Classroom Teachers towards Male Early Childhood Special Education Teachers
Authors:   Special Education Research Institute, An TaeJin , Noh Jina
Published: November 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the perceptions and actual experiences of kindergarten teachers working in inclusive classrooms regarding male early childhood special educators (ECSETs).
Method: To achieve this, relevant prior studies were analyzed, and a semi-structured interview guide was created. Semi-structured interviews were then conducted with six teachers who had experience working with male ECSETs and operating inclusive classrooms. The interview transcripts were subsequently analyzed using the constant comparative method.
Results: First, male ECSETs, like their female counterparts, were viewed as having the necessary competencies, having undergone the same educational process. Furthermore, they expressed the opinion that during consultation hours, male ECSETs offer a perspective different from that of females and are greatly helpful in situations that require physical strength. Second, the presence of male ECSETs was found to be significantly beneficial in various aspects such as physical activity support, gender equality education, field experiential learning, and disability understanding education. However, perceptions on handling personal care issues for female special education students were suggested to need change. The competency of special education teachers was considered more influenced by individual experience and characteristics than by gender. Third, additional support needs for male ECSETs were proposed, such as installing restrooms and rest areas and activating training or gatherings for male ECSETs.
Conclusion: This study analyzed perceptions and experiences of male ECSETs, identified their support needs, and proposed directions for future research. The aim was to provide evidence for enhancing the role of male ECSETs and proposing expanded support strategies.
Living as a Low Experienced Teacher in a Special School Majoring Course
Authors:   Special Education Research Institute, Kim Da-min , Hong jaeyoungJeon
Published: November 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate the diverse experiences of the special school teachers with less teaching experiences and thereby, examine their demands in the course of their adaptation.
Method: the researcher used the snowball sampling to select 5 special school teachers with less teaching experiences. The data were collected for about 3 months from Nov. 2022 to Feb. 2023. The data collected were inductively analyzed through the three-stage open coding.
Results: Above all, it was found that the special school teachers were experiencing diverse difficulties. First, they were experiencing difficulties in operating their major curriculum. Secondly, the teachers were experiencing difficulties in their relationships with school manager and parents. Thirdly, the special school teachers were experiencing difficulties in teaching their students. Next, the special school teachers were adapting themselves to their workplace. First, they were looking for a pleasure, while operating their major curriculum. Secondly, they were surmounting the difficulties in their relationships with school manager, parents and forming some positive relationships with them. Thirdly, they were finding the significance of their major, while looking for its diverse values. Lastly, the special school teachers were growing in their job. First, they were exploring the competence required for their growth, reflecting on their growth process. Secondly, they were experiencing that their view of education was being formed, while they were growing. Thirdly, they felt that various supports would be necessary for their growth.
Conclusion: It is expected that the results of this study would be used as some basic data to help the special school teachers adapt to their working environment and enhance their professionalism, and help them substantialize their major education.
Comparison of Biology and Reproductive Potential of Two Invasive Coconut Whiteflies, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin and Paraleyrodes bondari Peracchi through an Age-Stage, Two-Sex Life Table Approach
Authors: Gopianand L. , Kathirvelu C. , Ayyasamy R.
Published: November 2023

Two invasive species of whiteflies, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin and Paraleyrodes bondari Peracchi, have recently emerged as major pests of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.). Age-stage, two-sex life tables of these two whitefly species on coconut were compared to study their growth, development and reproductive characteristics. The results revealed that P. bondari exhibited a faster developmental time and longer oviposition period (11.46 ± 0.25 days), which resulted in higher values of net reproductive rate (R0 = 42.55 ± 4.71 offspring/individual), intrinsic rate of increase (r = 0.12 ± 0.01 per day), finite rate of increase (λ = 1.13 ± 0.01 per day), and gross reproduction rate (GRR = 56.18 ± 4.25 individuals/generation). Additionally, P. bondari had a lower mean generation time (T = 30.29 ± 0.19 days) when compared to A. rugioperculatus (T = 40.33 ± 0.21 days). The fecundity of P. bondari (72.94 ± 1.51 eggs/female) was significantly higher than that of A. rugioperculatus (53.81 ± 1.56 eggs/female). As a result, P. bondari exhibited a competitive advantage over A. rugioperculatus. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the bioecology of these two distinct invasive whitefly species, particularly in the context of interspecific competition within the same ecological niche.
Resilience in inter-organizational networks of red buses: dealing with their daily disruptions in critical infrastructures
Authors:   Iqra University, Pakistan, Zahid Muhammad Shaheer
Published: November 2023

This research aims to determine how the inter-organizational (supply) system that serves and oversees the critical infrastructures might lessen the negative effects of routine interruptions. Furthermore, this research aims to gain insight into the types of disruptions that Red Buses experience and their strategies to manage them. The subject matter of this discourse pertains to the domains of science, numbers, and statistics. This research employs a quantitative research methodology to examine the effects of routine disruptions on inter-organizational systems and to evaluate the corresponding hypotheses. The individuals involved in this investigation work and operate the Red Bus Service in Karachi. By random sampling, a sample of 152 workers and drivers was selected from the Red Bus Service in Karachi. Data was collected from both electronic and non-electronic sources. Data was collected using Google Forms distributed via various internet channels such as WhatsApp and email addresses. Data was analyzed by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM); we used SmartPLS 4 software for that. The finding shows that disturbance co-occurrence has a negative relationship with CI resilience to focal disruption, a positive relationship with non-routineness, and a negative relationship with economic performance.
Altruistic Work Values’ Relevance for Organisational Commitment in Germany
Authors: Brinck Karla Louise , Moll Tobias , Siebert Wiebke
Published: November 2023

Work values characterise employees’ goals in organisations across situations and influence employees’ work behaviour. Due to demographic change and the shortage of skilled workers in many industrialised countries, the importance of organisational commitment increases. Building on previous research on the value-commitment relation, we develop hypotheses on relationships of intrinsic, extrinsic and especially altruistic work values (which to date have seen little research) with affective, normative and continuance commitment. Based on an analysis of employee data from Germany (N=1,978), we find positive effects of the presence of altruistic work values on all types of commitment. Employees with strong altruistic work values are particularly loyal and organisation-oriented. We argue that the pure consideration of intrinsic and extrinsic work values largely and unjustifiably excludes the social orientation of employees at work, thereby squandering organisational development potential. Taking into account employees’ work values and particularly offering opportunities to live altruistic work values can be seen as a potential for increasing employees’ organisational commitment.
Comparison of Magnetic and Electrical Properties of Manganese-Doped Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles
Authors: Ziaul Ahsan Md.
Published: November 2023

Cobalt ferrites have been regarded as one of the competitive candidates in diversified applications because of their tailored electrical and magnetic properties by tuning structural parameters with doping of transition and/or rare earth elements. To meet the ever-growing technological demands, varieties of new compositions of cobalt ferrites with diverse properties are continuously developed and produced through different synthetic routes across the globe and are made available to the consumers. In the recent past, three compositions of manganese-doped cobalt ferrite nanoparticles have been developed through a solid-state reaction route by using the planetary ball milling technique. In this chapter, a comparison on their novelty in respect of their magnetic and electrical properties is made to spot their possible applications. Besides, few suggestions have been put forwards for further investigations to meet the challenges in the days to come.
Translation of Patient-Related Outcome Measures
Authors: Alpers Lise-Merete , Hanssen Ingrid
Published: November 2023

PROMs are questionnaires used as tools in medical diagnostic assessment and treatment. The patient’s cultural background influences how they understand the PROMs’ concepts and questions. Forward-and-back-translation is traditionally seen as “gold standard” for translating texts. However, differences in idioms, linguistic nuances etc. may make even translated PROMs difficult for immigrant patients to understand. So do lexical gaps in the translation, i.e., missing concepts and discrepancies between the two languages and cultures in question. Translators need to have intimate knowledge of both cultures as well as of the professional terminology in question. Poor linguistic and/or cultural translations cause lack of understanding of the PROMs’ questions and answer options. If the filled in PROMs do not reflect the patient’s health situation, this creates a risk of non-treatment, insufficient treatment, or even an erroneous diagnosis. To safeguard correct understanding, it is important to discuss the PROMs with the patients.
Importance and Application of Computational Studies in Finding New Active Quinazoline Derivatives
Authors: Mohamed Al Madhagi Wafa
Published: November 2023

Quinazoline derivatives have shown promising pharmacological activities against various diseases, including cancer, inflammation, and cardiovascular disorders. Computational studies have become an important tool in the discovery and optimization of new quinazoline derivatives. In this chapter, the importance and application of computational studies in finding new active quinazoline derivatives were discussed. The various computational techniques, such as molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, quantum mechanics calculations, and machine learning algorithms, which have been used to predict the biological activities and optimize the structures of quinazoline derivatives, were described. Examples of successful applications of computational studies in the discovery of new quinazoline derivatives with improved pharmacological activities were added. Overall, computational studies have proven to be valuable in the development of new quinazoline derivatives and have the potential to accelerate the drug discovery process.
Trauma Informed Farm Animal Assisted Neurotherapy and Green Care Farming for Neurodiverse Conditions
Authors: D. Rich Susan , R. Hickey Briana , K. Kaprielian Elizabeth
Published: November 2023

Farm animal assisted therapy is a novel way of interacting with neurodiverse children/adolescents, particularly those with early childhood trauma, and may help rewire brain circuits through entrainment with the gentle sounds and rhythms of a farm. This chapter will explore farm animal assisted therapy as a type of neurotherapy using a backdrop of Dream Catcher Meadows, a sanctuary for orphaned, injured and rescued farm animals whose personal stories help with bonding and attachment in neurodiverse and traumatized children and teens. Farms provide rich opportunities for language development, executive functions, sensory desensitization, skill development, fine/gross motor development, and parent-child bonding. The author provides historical and clinical perspectives to explain how farm animal assisted neurotherapy and green care farming provided within a comprehensive array of school, home, and community interventions can help neurodiverse children and teens develop a sense of community, meaning and purpose as well as adaptive functions for success in life. A range of techniques model empathy, compassion, theory of mind concepts, social communication/perception, and self-regulation through mindfulness, interspecies bonding, and entrainment. The history of Dream Catcher Meadows and case discussions from clinical practice elaborate therapeutic perspectives, augmented by session scenarios and non-clinical photographs.
War Crimes Compensation Claims: Charting the Challenges Faced by Civilian Victims and their Advocates
Authors: Fowler Alexandra
Published: November 2023

This chapter will revolve around the difficulties of national human rights institutions, victims’ rights groups and other advocates face in launching compensation claims for victims of war crimes. It will discuss the challenges of making a successful mass compensation claim as part of a prosecution in the various international criminal tribunals of recent years as well as in the International Criminal Court. The chapter will then discuss the challenges faced in accessing administrative compensation schemes which in some cases (such as that of the US and the UK) have become measurably more restrictive in recent years. For this the ‘War on Terror’ (particularly the recent conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq/Syria) will be a focus. It will conclude by considering ex-gratia compensation schemes which are likewise characterised by a variety of access issues also posing clear difficulties for victims and the advocates who seek redress for them.
Imaging of Emphysema: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Sayegh Karl , Pressacco Josephine , Kovacina Bojan , Digumarthy Subba , Semionov Alexandre
Published: November 2023

Emphysema is part of the chronic obstructive airway disease (COPD) spectrum, which also includes chronic bronchitis, asthma and bronchiectasis. Clinical differentiation of these conditions is often difficult, making imaging of paramount importance in correct diagnosis of COPD subtype. Imaging features of emphysema are reviewed in this article.
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Gică Nicolae , Huluță Iulia
Published: November 2023

Formally recognized by O’Sullivan and Mahan in 1964, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as any degree of hyperglycaemia recognized for the first time in the pregnancy, including type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosed during pregnancy, as well as true GDM which develops in pregnancy. GDM is currently the most prevalent medical complication during gestation, affecting approximately 15% of pregnancies worldwide. Important risk factors for GDM include being obese, advanced maternal age and having a family history of diabetes mellitus. Expectant mothers with GDM face the risk of developing gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, and necessitating cesarean section for pregnancy termination. Moreover, GDM amplifies the likelihood of complications such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, and abnormal carbohydrate metabolism, consequently increasing the chances of type 2 diabetes (T2D) development in both the mother and the child. Pregnancy itself places stress on the body’s insulin production and utilization, and some women are unable to produce enough insulin to overcome the insulin resistance caused by pregnancy hormones. While gestational diabetes usually resolves after pregnancy, the experience of insulin resistance during pregnancy can unmask an underlying predisposition to insulin resistance, which is a key factor in the development of T2D.
Advanced Laser Mode for Ureteroscopic Lithotripsy Applications
Authors: James Zhang Jian
Published: November 2023

The higher annual growth rate of kidney stone disease occurrence and the lower annual growth rate of practicing urologists require more efficient treatment tools. This chapter’s research explores ways to increase laser lithotripsy stone ablation efficiency while reducing the stone retropulsion so that the stone procedure time can be effectively shortened. It covers the investigation of laser stone ablation threshold, ablation efficiency, retropulsion control, and the optimal dusting mode of a concept Holmium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Ho:YAG) laser with advanced tailored pulse technology to produce a high ablation rate and low retropulsion. Ho:YAG laser stone damage and recoil movement were investigated in vitro utilizing a tabletop model in a highly reproducible manner while evaluating the effects of several laser mode pulses. A thorough evaluation of the pseudo-optimal dusting mode’s behavior (dusting rate and recoil movement) against a standard laser dusting mode was performed. The optimal dusting mode in this benchtop test model maintained a modest level of retropulsion while having a somewhat quick ablation rate. The transient pressure field measurement results of the standard and custom laser modes of a concept Ho: YAG laser are also included.
Towards Standardizing Game Designing Processes: Game Designers’ Initiation Tool
Authors: Mifrah Ahmad
Published: November 2023

This chapter intends to present game designers’ perspectives which elaborates on the ways they approach designing games. While it is diverse, the interpretive analysis of 17 game designers’ perspectives will be able to shed light on how game-designing processes may be influenced by their experience-based and reflective practice, or whether they apply formal methods based on how game-designing fields represent. Furthermore, it discusses whether the formal methods explained by the game designers resonate with existing literature and compare the relevance between the practices and the literature that advocates best practices. The results are discussed through interpretivism paradigm, to provide the essence of game designers’ experiences and approaches. Lastly, it concludes with a list of common practices in their designing processes for games and a future direction towards how we can understand game designers’ perspectives and ease the designing process of games.
Comparison of Site Response Analysis (SRA) according to ground modelling and structure consideration
Authors: Kim Haeam
Published: November 2023

When an earthquake occurs, the seismic motion is amplified as it passes through the ground layers. In addition, even for the same earthquake, the magnitude of the ground response on the ground surface varies depending on the ground condition. Determining the response within the ground following an earthquake is called site response analysis (SRA), and a general standard procedure is to perform site response analysis using the 1D (one-dimensional) wave propagation theory. However, in the case of one-dimensional site response analysis, complex topography, ground surface changes, and effects on structures are not included. Therefore, evaluating the reasonable ground response that may occur in the actual field is necessary. This article analyses ground amplification phenomena according to modelling differences through 2D (two-dimensional) and 3D (three-dimensional) modelling that can consider complex topography in addition to 1D. In addition, the nonlinear characteristics of the soil and the interaction between the soil and the structure were considered, and time history analysis was performed to identify the realistic dynamic behaviour characteristics of the soil and structure.
Using National Transfer Accounts to Face Aging
Authors: Abio Gemma , Patxot Concepció , Souto Guadalupe
Published: November 2023

Aging is one of the great challenges in modern societies after their demographic transition. Changes in population age structure affect socioeconomic organization and force a reconsideration of social structures consolidated under a pyramidal age composition, which is slowly vanishing. To study the impact of aging, National Transfer Accounts (NTA) and its natural extension, National Time Transfer Accounts (NTTA), are valuable data sources. They provide national cross-section age profiles of the main economic (market and nonmarket) variables, informing about how resources are produced, shared, and consumed by individuals of different ages co-living at the same moment. This chapter presents selected applications of NTA data to show its potential to study the generational economy, including both the demographic dividend—how aging affects economic growth—and the effects of aging on the welfare system. Overall, the NTA has proved to be a precious data source to enrich the analysis of the effects of aging on our societies.
The Effects of Separation from Parents on Children
Authors: M. Crittenden Patricia , Spieker Susan
Published: November 2023

More than a million children are separated from their parents by government authorities. We review the research on the effects of separation, including separation for parental maltreatment, adoption, illegal immigration, parental incarceration, and Indigenous status. The effects were universally negative, did not differ by reason for separation, and included neurological change from psychological trauma, precocious sexual maturity, physical and sexual abuse, neglect, academic delay, poor peer relations, psychosomatic symptoms, psychiatric disorder, and behavior problems such as depression, anxiety, delinquency, self-harm, substance abuse, and inappropriate sexual behavior. There were indications that separation led to intergenerational cycles of family separation. The research indicated that children are most vulnerable from 9 months to 9 years of age. We suggest that the negative effects of separation be considered explicitly when courts make placement decisions. Professionals who can reduce children’s suffering from separation are legislators, policy makers, social workers, mental health professionals, attorneys, and judges.
Corruption in Ghana’s Justice System in the Eyes of Police Officers
Authors: Agaawena Amagnya Moses
Published: November 2023

Corruption is a topical issue worldwide particularly when criminal justice systems and institutions that ensure compliance with the law and play a key role in controlling corruption are affected. Evidence from research shows that citizens of developing countries in Africa and elsewhere perceived criminal justice institutions in their countries, especially the police and judiciary, as among the most corrupt public institutions. However, little research has considered the views of criminal justice officials themselves when it comes to corruption in criminal justice systems. Through a survey of 616 Ghanaian police officers, this study examines police officers’ views of corruption in Ghana’s criminal justice system. Descriptive statistical analyses were conducted to ascertain police officers’ views of the nature, prevalence, levels, and initiators of corruption. A key finding is that police officers perceive corruption as prevalent in Ghana’s criminal justice system and as a serious problem. In addition, high public perceptions of corruption in the police and judiciary recorded in public perception surveys are corroborated by this study. Consistent with prior studies, lawyers, suspects/accused persons, and other judicial officers were identified as common initiators of corruption in the justice system. However, contrary to previous studies, many police officers stated that corruption in criminal justice institutions in Ghana has decreased in the past 5 years. The chapter concludes that leaders of criminal justice institutions should desist from denying corruption allegations and research finds their institutions among the most corrupt. Such denials appear to be influencing officers in the front line. Rather, efforts should be made to address the perception or reality of corruption in criminal justice institutions.
Application of Complex Hilbert Principal Component Analysis to the Economic Phenomena
Authors: Souma Wataru
Published: November 2023

Conventional principal component analysis operates using a correlation matrix that is defined in the space of real numbers. This study introduces a novel method—complex Hilbert principal component analysis—which analyzes data using a correlation matrix defined in the space of complex numbers. As a practical application, we examine 10 major categories from the Japanese Family Income and Expenditure Survey for the period between January 1, 2000 and June 30, 2023, paying special attention to the time periods preceding and following the onset of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. By analyzing the mode signal’s peaks, we identify specific days that exhibit characteristics that are consistent with the events occurring before and after the pandemic.