bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of rurality and distance from care on health outcomes, environmental barriers and healthcare utilization patterns in persons with traumatic spinal cord injury
Authors: Christie Sean , Whelan Alexander , McVeigh Sonja , Barker Paula , Glennie Andrew , Wang Di , Chen Melody , Cheng Christiana , Humphreys Suzanne , O'Connell Colleen , Attabib Najmedden , Engelbrecht Andre
Published: June 2022

STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of residential living location on health outcomes, environmental barriers, quality of life, and healthcare utilization patterns after traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI).SETTING: Community setting, Atlantic CanadaMETHODS: An ambispective study of data collected on a subset of individuals enrolled in the Rick Hansen Spinal Cord Injury Registry (RHSCIR) from 2012 to 2018. Outcomes were analyzed using two measures of rurality: postal codes at community follow-up (rural versus urban) and residential travel distance to the nearest RHSCIR facility (>100km versus ≤100km). Outcomes studied included the Craig Hospital Inventory of Environmental Factors-Short Form (CHIEF-SF), Short Form-36 Version 2 (SF36v2), Life Satisfaction Questionnaire (LISAT-11), Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM), secondary health complications and healthcare utilization patterns. Outcomes were assessed at 9 to 24 months post-discharge from initial hospitalization. RESULTS:104 participants were studied, 21 rural and 83 urban based on postal codes at community follow-up. 59 participants lived more than 100 km away from the nearest RHSCIR facility, while 45 participants lived within 100 km. Individuals from urban area codes reported a greater magnitude of perceived barriers on the policies and work/school subscales of the CHIEF-SF. No differences in function, quality of life, and healthcare utilization patterns according to the measures of rurality were observed. Individuals living >100km from the nearest RHSCIR facility reported greater rates of sexual dysfunction.CONCLUSIONSDespite differences in environmental barriers, individuals from urban and rural locations can have similar health outcomes and quality of life after tSCI.
A nomogram to predict the success rate of patients with small bowel obstruction relief by ileus tube.
Authors: Chen Qing-Feng , Lin Bin-qiang , Zhang Jun-rong , Xue Chao-rong , Pan Jie , Huang Zheng-yuan , Chen Xian-qiang
Published: June 2022

Purpose
This article investigated patient clinical data to establish a nomogram to predict the success rate of patients with small bowel obstruction relief by ileus tube.
Methods
We identified 210 patients with small bowel obstruction treated with ileus tube (January 2014 to January 2020) from a prospectively collected database. Among them, 117 cases were successfully relieved (Successful group), and 93 cases failed (Failure group).
Results
The Successful group had a higher age and body mass index, as well as a shorter time from obstruction to insertion than the failure group before insertion of the ileus tube. White blood cell, neutrophil, red blood cell distribution width and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio were lower in the successful group after insertion of the ileus tube. In addition, white blood cell, neutrophil, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio decreased in the successful group after insertion. However, the result was the opposite in the Failure group. The success rate of paralytic ileus was the highest (79.4%). Patients with fecal stone ileus had the most rapid ventilation and defecation times. Multivariate analysis showed that the platelet-change, albumin after insertion, time from obstruction to insertion and obstruction factors were independent factors influencing the success rate of ileus tube insertion. In addition, we established nomograms to predict the success rate of patients with small bowel obstruction relief by ileus tube (C-index = 0.753).
Conclusion
This nomogram can effectively predict whether patients can successfully relieve obstruction by ileus tube, which provides convenience for clinical treatment.
Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) may be an effective indicator in predicting the left ventricular hypertrophy for patients diagnosed with hypertension
Authors: KARAYİĞİT ORHAN ,   Serdar Nurkoç, ÇELİK MUHAMMET
Published: June 2022

The development of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) induced by hypertension is considered as a poor prognosis for patients. Similarly, high values of the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) can be a leading cause for the increase of mortality and morbidity in cardiovascular events. Within this context, our study aimed to detect the association of SII with LVH caused by hypertension. The study encompassed 150 clients diagnosed with hypertensive in total, and evaluated them as two separate groups with regard to left ventricular mass index (LVMI), including 56 patients (37.3%) with LVH and 94 patients (62.6%) with non-LVH. The SII values regarding the group with LVH was detected remarkably higher than those of the non-LVH group (p<0.001). Additionally, the SII level of clients with eccentric and concentric hypertrophy was detected higher than those of the normal ventricular geometry and concentric remodeling groups. With regard to curve analysis of the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC), SII values above 869.5 predicted LVH with a sensitivity of 82.1% and specificity of 86.2% (AUC: 0.861; 95%CI: 0.792-0.930; p < 0.001). LVH can be predicted independently through the use of SII in clients diagnosed with hypertension, which may be a simple and easily calculable marker for judging LVH. Moreover, SII can serve as an accurate determinant for the prediction of LVH, in comparison to NLR and PLR.
Magnitude of Adherence to Iron Folic Acid Supplementation and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women’s attending Antenatal care at Tirunesh Beijing General Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Bekele Ashebir , Alemayehu Belayneh , Gemechu Endalew
Published: June 2022

Background. Pregnant mothers are at high risk of anemia because of significantly increased iron requirements, and adherence to iron folic acid supplementation is one of the main strategies for prevention of anemia. Iron deficiency anemia is the most common nutritional disorder, affecting two billion people worldwide. In Ethiopia, l<1% of pregnant mothers took iron folic acid supplements for the recommended period during their pregnancy. Despite this fact, it often remains unrecognized and unidentified in the study area.Objective. the current study was aimed to assess the magnitude of adherence to iron folic acid supplementation and associated factors among pregnant mothers attending antenatal care at Tirunesh Beijing General Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Methods.An institution based cross-sectional study design was conducted .systematic random sampling were used .Data were collected through face to face interview and analyzed with SPSS version 26. By considering 95% confidence level and P value of < 0.05, binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated.Result. Adherence to iron folic acid supplementation in the study was 43.7% (95% CI: 40.2%–47%). pregnant mothers knowledge of anemia [AOR = 1.51, 95% CI: (1.26-2.27)], had history of abortion [AOR=0.5, 95% CI: (0.29-0.77)], aged less than 25 years [AOR=0.55, 95% CI: (0.32-1.34)], had still birth [AOR=2.21, 95% CI: (1.13-4.31)], collect greater than 60 Iron tablets per visit [AOR=1.34, 95% CI: (1.01-1.89)], husbands education [AOR=5.32, 95% CI: (1.92-14.74)], had Significant association with Iron and Folic acid Adherence.Conclusion and Recommendation. The magnitude of adherence among pregnant women towards IFA supplementation was 43.7%. Still birth, abortion, knowledge about anemia, aged less than 25 years, husbands’ education and the numbers of tablets collected by pregnant women were factors for adherence to iron folic acid supplementation. Emphasis should be given to those women who have had a bad obstetric history and an adequate supply of IFA tablets to enhance the adherence of pregnant women to IFA supplementation.
Occurrence and Diversity of Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus in Algeria
Authors: Boubetra Souhila , Louanchi Meriem , Lehad Arezki
Published: June 2022

Cereals are prone to viral infections and the economic impact of these has increased in recent years. Among these diseases Barley yellow dwarf (BYD) is one of the most destructive diseases of cereals today. For three consecutive years (2014-2015-2016) surveys were carried out in order to search for BYDV species (BYDV-PAV and BYDV-MAV) as well as other cereal viruses (WSSMV, SBMV and BSMV) in seven regions of Algeria (Algiers, Boumerdes, Tipaza Médéa, Adrar, Khenchla and Batna).Targeted samples were taken from plants of different cereal species (wheat, barley, oats). The sample were analyzed by DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR.The results of the ELISA test showed negative responses for the BYDV-MAV, WSSM, SBMV and BSMV viruses and allowed to demonstrate the presence of BYDV-PAV on barley, durum wheat, soft wheat and oats.Thus this viral species was found in all the cereal regions surveyed (North, South, East and West).07 samples (durum wheat, barley and oats) were sequenced and a phylogenetic analyses performed revealed that the Algerian sequences clustered in group I and group II.
Edible Folic and Folinic acid supplementation promotes myocardial cell survival and anti-apoptotic effects in Aging triple-transgenic Alzheimer's mice heart
Authors: Lin Hung-Jen , Huang Rwei-Fen S , Su Yi-Chen , Chiu Ping-Ling , Chang Yung-Ming , Ju Da-Tong , Kuo Wei-Wen , Huang Chih Yang
Published: June 2022

BackgroundCardiomyocytes undergoing apoptosis have been found in a variety of pathological conditions. Evidence suggests that Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and cardiovascular disease share some risk factors, and persons with AD have a higher risk of incident ischemic heart disease.ObjectivesThis study sought to assess the anti-apoptotic effect and survival enhancement in aged AD mice heart in response to folic acid (FA) and folinic acid (FN). Methods In this study, 16-month-old triple-transgenic (3xTg-AD; PS1M146V, APPS we and tauP301L) late-stage AD mice, were randomly allocated into three groups; AD, AD plus FA, and AD plus FN. Mice were orally fed FA or FN once daily at a dose corresponding to 1.2 mg/kg body weight (BW). After sacrifice, the excised heart tissues were processed, and morphological analyses and TUNEL assays were carried out. Further, Western blot assays were performed to quantify the amount of apoptosis and survival protein expression in the AD group compared to the FA and FS groups.ResultsResults indicated reduced intercellular space and well-maintained cardiac cell morphology in both FA- and FN-treated mouse heart tissue. These were even more pronounced in the FN-treated mice. Moreover, the AD groups had a greater number of TUNEL-positive cardiac cells than the other groups. The Western blotting results showed a greater reduction of FAS/L and C-Caspase-3 in FA-treated mice, but FADD and Caspase-8 were strongly reduced in FN-treated mice. ConclusionCollectively, our results suggest that FA or FN could inhibit heart damage by promoting cardiac cell survival and preventing apoptosis in triple-transgenic late-stage AD aging mice.
Comparison of Iris Claw Phakic Lenses Implant Versus Corneal Laser Techniques in High Myopia. Five Years Follow-up
Authors: CASTRO-LUNA GRACIA , Sánchez-Liñán Noelia , Alaskar Hazem , Pérez-Rueda Antonio
Published: June 2022

Background To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Femto-LASIK, PRK, and Artiflex/Artisan phakic lens implantation in the surgical correction of myopia at three months, one, two, and five years of follow-up. Methods A retrospective study was proposed in patients who underwent Femto-LASIK technique (287 eyes of 171 patients), PRK (245 eyes of 191 patients), and phakic lens implantation (147 patient eyes) between 2010-2011 with a preoperative spheric equivalent greater than -6 diopters. The effectiveness and safety indexes were calculated during follow-up, comparing Femto-LASIK, PRK, and Artiflex/Artisan phakic lens implantation. In addition, a multivariate linear regression model was estimated. Results There were statistically significant differences in effectiveness and safety until five years when comparing Artiflex/Artisan versus PRK and Femto-LASIK (p<0.01). A linear regression model has established whose dependent variable was the UCVA at five years and independent variables were spherical equivalent preop, phakic lens implantation, and PRK. The model explained 30.32% of the patients' visual acuity variability at five years. Conclusions Artiflex/Artisan type phakic lens implantation is an effective, safe, and predictable technique at three months, 1, 2, and 5 years with stable refractive results throughout the follow-up periods compared with PRK surgery and Femto-Lasik. The model presented shows phakic lens surgery increases the UCVA result at five years and surgery with PRK decreases this final result.
Pneumococcal concentration and serotype distribution in preschool children with radiologically confirmed pneumonia compared to healthy controls prior to introduction of pneumococcal vaccination in Zanzibar- an observational study
Authors: Elfving Kristina , Strömberg Lucia Gonzales , Gheravandi Shadi , Andersson Maria , Bachelard Marc , Msellem Mwinyi , Shakely Delér , Trollfors Birger , Nordén Rickard , Mårtensson Andreas , Björkman Anders , Lindh Magnus
Published: June 2022

Background The World Health Organization recommends pneumococcal vaccination (PCV) in the first year of life. We investigated pneumococcal serotypes in children with clinical or radiologically confirmed pneumonia and healthy controls prior to PCV13 vaccine introduction in Zanzibar.Methods Children (n=677) with non-severe acute febrile illness aged 2-59 months presenting to a health centre in Zanzibar, Tanzania April-July 2011 were included. Nasopharyngeal swabs collected at enrolment were analysed by real-time PCR to detect and quantify pneumococcal serotypes in patients (n=648) and in healthy asymptomatic community controls (n=161). Children with clinical signs of pneumonia according to the Integrated Management of Childhood illness guidelines (“IMCI pneumonia”) were subjected to a chest-X-ray. Consolidation on chest X-ray was considered “radiological pneumonia”. ResultsPneumococcal DNA was detected in the nasopharynx of 562/809 (69%) children (70% in patients and 64% in healthy controls), with no significant difference in proportions between patients with or without presence of fever, malnutrition, IMCI pneumonia or radiological pneumonia. The mean pneumococcal concentration was similar in children with and without radiological pneumonia (Ct value 26.3 versus 27.0, respectively, p=0.3115). At least one serotype could be determined in 423 (75%) participants positive for pneumococci of which 33% had multiple serotypes detected. A total of 23 different serotypes were identified. One serotype (19F) was more common in children with fever (86/648, 13%) than in healthy controls (12/161, 7%), (p=0.043). Logistic regression adjusting for age and gender showed that serotype 9A/V (aOR=10.9 (CI: 2.0-60.0, p=0.006) and 14 (aOR=3.9 (CI: 1.4-11.0, p=0.012) were associated with radiological pneumonia. The serotypes included in the PCV13 vaccine were found in 376 (89%) of the 423 serotype positive participants.ConclusionThe PCV13 vaccine introduced in 2012 targets a great majority of the identified serotypes. Infections with multiple serotypes are common. PCR-determined concentrations of pneumococci in nasopharynx were not associated with radiologically confirmed pneumonia.Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01094431)
CRISPR-dCas13-tracing reveals transcriptional memory and limited mRNP export in developing embryos
Authors: Huang Youkui , Gao Bao-Qing , Meng Quan , Yang Liang-Zhong , Ma Xu-Kai , Wu Hao , Pan Yu-Hang , Yang Li , Li Dong , Chen Ling-Ling
Published: June 2022

Understanding gene transcription and mRNA-protein (mRNP) dynamics in single cells during development has been challenging. We report that zygotic microinjection of purified catalytically dead CRISPR-Cas13 (dCas13)-fluorescent proteins and modified guide (g)RNAs allows single- and dual-color tracking of developmentally expressed mRNAs in zebrafish embryos over 15 cell cycles without genetic manipulation. Using this approach, we uncover 1) non-synchronized de novo transcription between inter-alleles; 2) synchronized post-mitotic re-activation in pairs of alleles and daughter cells; 3) transcriptional memory as an extrinsic noise that contributes to synchronized post-mitotic re-activation; 4) rapid dCas13-engaged mRNP movement in the nucleus with a corralled and diffusive motion, but a wide varying range of rate-limiting mRNP export, which can be shortened by Alyref and Nxf1 overexpression. Altogether, this optimized dCas13-based toolkit enables robust spatial-temporal tracking of endogenous mRNAs and uncovers features of transcription and mRNP motion in a multicellular developmental organism.
Globally accessible end-user-friendly prostate cancer risk prediction tools based on contemporary cohorts with heterogeneous missing risk factors
Authors: Neumair Matthias , Kattan Michael W. , Freedland Stephen J. , Haese Alexander , Guerrios-Rivera Lourdes , Hoedt Amanda M. , Liss Michael A. , Leach Robin J. , Boorjian Stephen A. , Cooperberg Matthew R. , Poyet Cedric , Saba Karim , Herkommer Kathleen , Meissner Valentin H. , Vickers Andrew J. , Ankerst Donna P.
Published: June 2022

Background: Missing risk factors, whether random or not measured at all, across different hospitals and patients provide challenges, both for the developers of online clinical risk tools and the patients trying to use such tools. This paper provides a development and end-user solution to the commonly encountered limitations of clinical risk tool based decision making due to missing information.Methods: Six state-of-the-art logistic regression approaches accommodating missing data were compared using prostate cancer data from ten North American and European cohorts from the Prostate Biopsy Collaborative Group (PBCG). An additional large European PBCG cohort was withheld for external validation, where calibration-in-the-large (CIL), calibration curves, and area-underneath-the-receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) were evaluated. Ten-fold leave-one-cohort-internal validation further validated the optimal missing data approach.Results: Among 12,703 biopsies from 10 training cohorts, 3,597 (28%) had clinically significant prostate cancer, compared to 1,757 of 5,540 (32%) in the external validation cohort. In external validation, the available cases method that pooled individual patient data containing all risk factors input by an end-user had best CIL, under-predicting risks as percentages by 2.9% on average, and obtained an AUC of 75.7%. Imputation had the worst CIL (-13.3%). The available cases method was further validated as optimal in internal cross-validation and thus used for development of an online risk tool. For end-users of the risk tool, two risk factors were mandatory: serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and age, and ten were optional: digital rectal exam, prostate volume, prior negative biopsy, 5-alpha-reductase-inhibitor use, prior PSA screen, African ancestry, Hispanic ethnicity, first-degree prostate-, breast-, and second-degree prostate-cancer family history.Conclusion: Developers of clinical risk prediction tools should optimize use of available data and sources even in the presence of high amounts of missing data and offer options for users with missing risk factors.
Impact of low-level donor-specific anti-HLA antibody on post-transplant clinical outcomes of kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Lee Haeun , Lee Hanbi , Eum Sang Hun , Ko Eun Jeong , Min Ji-Won , Oh Eun-Jee , Yang Chul Woo , Chung Byung Ha
Published: June 2022

This study aimed to investigate the impact of low-level donor-specific HLA antibody (low-DSA) on post-transplant clinical outcomes of kidney transplantation (KT) recipients. We retrospectively reviewed 1,027 cases of KT, including 629 living donor kidney transplantations (LDKTs) and 398 deceased donor kidney transplantations (DDKTs) between 2010 and 2018 in our center. Low-DSA was confirmed by positive Luminex assay and negative crossmatch test. We compared the incidence of biopsy-proven allograft rejection (BPAR), changes in allograft function, allograft survival, patient survival, and post-transplant infections between subgroups according to pre-transplant low-DSA. The incidence of overall BPAR and T-cell mediated rejection did not differ between subgroups. However, antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) developed more frequently in patients with low-DSA than in those without low-DSA in the total cohort, LDKT, and DDKT. In multivariate analysis, low-DSA was an independent risk factor for ABMR. Its impact was more pronounced in DDKT (Odds ratio [OR]: 10.000, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.781–35.960) than in LDKT (OR: 5.210, 95% CI: 2.100-12.924). There were no significant differences in other outcomes according to low-DSA. In conclusion, pre-transplant low-DSA had a significant impact on the development of AMBR, which was more pronounced in DDKT than in LDKT. However, its impact on long-term outcome was not significant.
A Detail Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis of National Capital Territory of Delhi, India
Authors: Mandal H. S. , Jani A. , Mishra O. P.
Published: June 2022

An attempt has been made to carry out a detail seismic hazard analysis of the National Capital Territory of Delhi, India using earthquakes that are occurring at a radial distance of 500km from the center of Delhi including Himalayan sources. Tentatively, this area has been demarcated into five seismic source zones based on the recent past seismic activities and the geological faults. A comprehensive earthquake catalog is prepared and updated using different sources of catalogs like IMD. NCS, USGS, ISC, EMSC, JMA, etc. About 4000 earthquake data are considered in this study whose moment magnitudes are varying between 3.5 to 8.0 and the focal depth varies between 5-300km. The earthquake data showed that about 80% of the earthquake energy is realized from the shallow focal depth and the remaining earthquakes are occurring from beyond 100km focal depth. The seismic hazard parameters are estimated for these five seismic zones using Gutenberg- Richter relationship. GIS-based seven probabilistic seismic hazard maps (PGA) of NCT Delhi are generated using the output result obtained through the state-of-the-art probabilistic seismic hazard analysis(R-CRISS software) for the probability of exceedance at 50%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 2%, 1% and 0.5% at 50 years. For each probability of exceedance, the area of NCT Delhi is broadly demarcated into three levels of hazard zones based on the PGA values. Each zone has represented by a range of PGAs, a hazard curve and design spectra. These results may be useful for earthquake-resistant design and detailing structures, study of soil-structure interactions, soil liquefaction, and earthquake ground motion in the soft soil and soil response analysis in the NCT of Delhi.
Offshore Wind Wakes - the underrated impact on the marine ecosystem
Authors: Daewel Ute , Akhtar Naveed , Christiansen Nils , Schrum Corinna
Published: June 2022

The wind wake effect of offshore wind farms (OWFs) affects the hydrodynamical conditions in the ocean, which has been hypothesized to impact nutrient availability in surface waters and consequently marine primary production. However, this has not clearly been shown so far and little is known about the ecosystem response to wind wakes under the premisses of large OWF clusters. Here we show that the wind wakes of large OWF clusters in the North Sea provoke large scale changes in annual primary production with local changes of up to 10%, which occur not only in the direct vicinity of the OWF clusters but are distributed over a wider region. In addition, we found an increase in sediment biomass in deeper areas of the southern North Sea due to reduced current velocities. Our results show that the ongoing OWF developments can have a substantial impact on the structuring of coastal marine ecosystems.
Ghrelin activates the mesolimbic dopamine system via nitric oxide dependent mechanisms in the ventral tegmental area
Authors: Engel Jörgen A , Pålsson Erik , Vallöf Daniel , Jerlhag Elisabet
Published: June 2022

Besides enhanced feeding, the orexigenic peptide ghrelin activates the mesolimbic dopamine system to cause reward as measured by locomotor stimulation, dopamine release in nucleus accumbens shell (NAcS), and conditioned place preference. Although the ventral tegmental area (VTA) appears to be a central brain region for this ghrelin-reward, the underlying mechanisms within this area are unknown. The findings that the gaseous neurotransmitter nitric oxide (NO) modulate the ghrelin enhanced feeding, led us to hypothesize that ghrelin increases NO levels in the VTA, and thereby stimulates reward-related behaviors. We initially demonstrated that inhibition of NO synthesis the ghrelin-induced activation of the mesolimbic dopamine system We then established that antagonism of downstream signaling of NO in the VTA, namely cGMP, prevents the ability of ghrelin to stimulate the mesolimbic dopamine system. The association of ghrelin to NO was further strengthened by in vivo electrophysiological recordings showing that ghrelin enhances the NO release in the VTA. Besides a GABAB -receptor agonist, known to reduce NO and cGMP, blocks the stimulatory properties of ghrelin. The present series of experiment reveal that ablated NO signaling, through reduced production of NO and/or cGMP, prevents the ability of ghrelin to induced reward-related behaviors.
Improve geo-routing in mobile multi-step networks using a two-tier cloud
Authors: Karimi Komeil , Gandomi Abolfazl
Published: June 2022

One of the challenges in the field of sensor networks is how to route and transmit information collected in the nodes of these networks. Since these networks are limited in terms of the amount of available energy, it is not possible to use the proposed methods for other networks in the sensor network. One of the goals of this project is to reduce multi-step communication to send information to the sink by focusing on delay-sensitive data. It also reduced the two types of energy consumption, namely the average energy loss of network nodes and the maximum network energy consumption by providing a solution in network routing, using fixed and mobile sinks. One of the problems of using a fixed sink is the lack of access to blind spots in the network. In such networks, several nodes are usually unable to send data to a fixed sink due to energy depletion. Although the mobile sink method improves energy efficiency and reduces end-to-end delays, the main problem with this method is waiting for a mobile sink to send information. The model presented in this project is the use of fixed and mobile sinks and a mechanism for clustering the network using the BSK-Means algorithm and connecting the cluster using the head to the sink in two levels. In this way, in addition to the segmentation, the network is divided into several zones and in each zone there is a super-node, each header sends its information through the sub-node in its area according to the priority queues. Finally, we will have a large reduction in energy loss, increase network life, reduce end-to-end latency and increase data delivery rate to the sink while maintaining service quality.
[18F]ROStrace detects oxidative stress in vivo and predicts progression of Alzheimer’s disease pathology in APP/PS1 mice
Authors: Hsieh Chia-Ju , Hou Catherine , Zhu Yi , Lee Ji Youn , Kohli Neha , Gallagher Evan , Xu Kuiying , Lee Hsiaoju , Li Shihong , McManus Meagan J , Mach Robert H
Published: June 2022

Background
Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, tracking oxidative stress in the brain has proven difficult and impeded its use as a biomarker. Herein, we investigate the utility of a novel positron emission tomography (PET) tracer, [18F]ROStrace, as a biomarker of oxidative stress throughout the course of AD in the well-established APP/PS1 double mutant mouse model. PET imaging studies were conducted in wild-type (WT) and APP/PS1 mice at 3 different time points, representing early (5 mo.), middle (10 mo.), and advanced (16 mo.) life (n = 6–12, per sex). Semi-quantitation SUVRs of the plateau phase (40-60min post-injection; SUVR40 − 60) of ten brain subregions were designated by the Mirrione atlas and analyzed by Pmod. Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) was used to distinguish brain regions with elevated ROS in APP/PS1 relative to WT in both sexes. The PET studies were validated by ex vivo autoradiography and immunofluorescence with the parent compound, dihydroethidium.
Results
[18F]ROStrace retention was increased in the APP/PS1 brain compared to age-matched controls by 10 mo. of age (p < 0.0001), and preceded the accumulation of oxidative damage in APP/PS1 neurons at 16mo. (p < 0.005). [18F]ROStrace retention and oxidative damages were higher and occurred earlier in female APP/PS1 mice as measured by PET (p < 0.001), autoradiography and immunohistochemistry (p < 0.05). [18F]ROStrace differences emerged mid-life, temporally and spatially correlating with increased Aβ burden (r2 = 0.36; p = 0.0003), which was also greatest in the female brain (p < 0.001).
Conclusions
[18F]ROStrace identifies increased oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in APP/PS1 female mice, concurrent with increased amyloid burden mid-life. Differences in oxidative stress during this crucial time may partially explain the sexual dimorphism in AD. [18F]ROStrace may provide a long-awaited tool to stratify at-risk patients who may benefit from antioxidant therapy prior to irreparable neurodegeneration.
Clinical comparison between advanced platelet-rich fibrin and connective tissue graft in the management of gingival recession: A randomized controlled split-mouth study
Authors: Abu-Ta'a Mahmoud
Published: June 2022

Objectives: To compare the clinical outcomes of advanced platelet-rich fibrin with connective tissue graft in management of gingival recessionMaterials & Methods: 15 patients with isolated bilateral gingival recession were selected (n= 30 defects). These defects were miller’s class I/II gingival recession on canine or premolar region. They were divided into two equal groups (n=15), these groups were left and right sides in the patient’s mouth (split-mouth), in which each patient was treated with two techniques as follows; One side (Group I) was treated by coronally advanced flap with advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF). Whereas, the other side (Group II) was treated by coronally advanced flap with connective tissue graft (CTG). Clinical parameters such as recession height (RH), recession width (RW), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), width of attached gingiva (WAG), and keratinized tissue height (KTH) were evaluated at baseline, 3 & 6 months. Changes in biotype, Recession Esthetic Score (RES) & Visual Analogue Score-Esthetics (VAS-E) were evaluated at the end of 6 months.Trial registration: Ethics approval number (Helsinki): PHRC/HC/877/21 and registered at the Clinical Trials Registry under the number NCT05267015Results: At the end of 6 months, RH & RW showed significant reduction from baseline in both groups (p≤0.05). The mean RC% was 67.2%±32.8% and 86.6±35.18% in Group I, II respectively. Intergroup analysis showed statistically significant differences in recession parameters between both groups at 3 & 6 months (p≤0.05), with better outcomes for the second group.Conclusion: Both therapeutic interventions were effective in management of gingival recession defects. with significant improvement in recession parameters among group II compared to group I.Clinical Relevance: Miller’s class I&II can be improved by using A-PRF+CAF. However, CTG+CAF gives better results.
Assessing the Impact of Client Knowledge and Demand on Service Provision from Antenatal to Postnatal Care - An Implementation Science Design
Authors: Mauluka Chancy , Chiumia Isabel Kazanga , Maliwichi Limbika , Stones William
Published: June 2022

BackgroundIn low resource countries suboptimal clinical care has been identified a contributor to maternal and infant mortality. This study aimed to test the impact of a community intervention promoting client demand on provision of care during ANC, labour and the first postnatal contact (PNC).Methods This was implementation science research in Kasungu district of Malawi using a quasi-experimental design with an intervention site where mothers were exposed to a package of interventions aiming to improve knowledge and demand. The results were compared with a site where there was no intervention in the same district. The intervention included checklists for mothers, posters and a Radio Distance Learning (RDL) program.The study used mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative). A total of 1040 mothers participated in individual interviews. Sixteen Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted with 128 mothers and 8 Key Informant Interviews were conducted with health workers. Health passports were used to check service provision at both comparison and intervention sites. In addition, mothers’ checklists were used at the intervention site to verify service provision.Quantitative data were processed in Stata 16.0 using binomial regression and two-sample proportion tests. NVivo 12 was used to process qualitative data for thematic analysis through coding and merging or creation of new codes.ResultsAt the intervention site there a 21.9% mean increase in knowledge of demandable services in ANC (43.3% to 56.1%, p<0.001,), intrapartum services for the mother (20.6%, 41.8% to 62.6%, p=0.003,) and the neonatal services before discharge (17.5%, 47% to 64.5%, p=0.0039). For PNC, changes were non-significant. Overall, women at the intervention site were 50% more likely than women at the comparison site to demand a service in the continuum of care (RR = 1.5). Actual service provision was increased at the intervention sites across all elements of the continuum, including laboratory testing, clinical examination of mothers and newborns and provision of essential interventions such as oxytocin for prevention of postpartum haemorrhage, chlorhexidine for umbilical cord care and vitamin K.ConclusionThe intervention positively contributed to increased knowledge on care practices, attitudes towards demand, actual demand for care practices, services provision and service satisfaction.
ABOS: An Attention-Based One-Stage Framework for Person Search
Authors: Chen Yuqi , Han Dezhi , Cui Mingming , Wu Zhongdai , Chang Chin-Chen
Published: June 2022

Person search is of great significance to public safety research, such as crime surveillance, video surveillance and security. Person search is a method of locating and identifying the queried person from a complete set of images. The main cause of false recall and missed detection in person search is the presence of person occlusion in the images. In order to improve the accuracy of person search when the person to be queried is occluded, this paper proposes an attention-based one-stage framework for person search (ABOS) using an anchor-free model as a baseline. The method uses the channel attention module to express different forms of occlusion and take full advantage of the spatial attention module to highlight the target region of the occluded pedestrians. These attention modules integrate deep and shallow features to guide the network to pay attention to the visible area of the occluded target and extract the semantic information of the pedestrians. Experimental results on CUHK-SYSU and PRW datasets show that the proposed person search method based on attention mechanism in this paper has better performance than existing methods, achieving 93.7% of mAP on CUHK-SYSU dataset and 46.4% of mAP on PRW dataset, respectively
Genetic Transformation of two Turkish rice (Oryza sativa L.) cutivars through Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Authors: Kahriz Mahsa Pourali , Khawar Khalid Mahmood
Published: June 2022

Background Seed weevils are one of the causes of post harvest rice yield losses in Turkey. There are many cultural and chemical methods to control these insects.PurposeThis study aimed to control these using Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated genetic transformation in two rice cultivars namely Hamzadere and Osmancı-97.Methods and results Two days old germinated seeds of the two cultivars with 2-3 mm long shoots were used as explants. They were treated with Agrobacterium tumefciens containing a pTF101AoPR1AcBar plant expression vector containing the cry1Ac gene under the control of the wound-induced (AoPR1) promoter. The transformation event was genotype-dependent. Out of 3000 and 2600 explants of cv Hamzadere and cv Osmancık-97, only 92 (3.07%) and 32 (1.230%) plants were selected on MS medium containing 3.0 and 2.5 mg/l bialaphos. These were validated using PCR, bioassay, and ELISA tests. All plants were held in the greenhouse until T0 and T1 seed settings. three (0.10%) plants of cv Hamzadere and 5 (0.19%) plants of cv. Osmancık 97 could be validated through all tests in T₀ and T₁ generations in both cultivars of rice for the first time using a novel and a very simple transformation procedure.ConclusionThese results are very encouraging and will influence future rice transformation techniques and improve rice breeding technologies.
CO2 uptake offsets other greenhouse gas emissions from salt marshes with chronic nitrogen loading
Authors: Moseman-Valtierra Serena , Szura Katelyn , Eagle Meagan , Thornber Carol S. , Wang Faming
Published: June 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
The Golgi-localized Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Phosphatase is Indispensable for Leishmania major
Authors: Okundaye Brian , Biyani Neha , Moitra Samrat , Zhang Kai
Published: June 2022

Sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase (SPP) catalyzes the dephosphorylation of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) into sphingosine, the reverse reaction of sphingosine kinase. In mammals, S1P acts as a potent signaling molecule that regulates cell proliferation, migration, and immunity. In Leishmania, S1P production is crucial for the synthesis of ethanolamine and choline phospholipids, and cell survival under stress conditions. To better understand the roles of S1P, we characterized a SPP ortholog in Leishmania major which displays activity towards S1P but not structurally similar lipids such as ceramide-1-phosphate or lysophosphatidic acid. While this enzyme is found in the endoplasmic reticulum in mammalian cells, L. major SPP is localized at the Golgi apparatus. Importantly, chromosomal SPP alleles cannot be deleted from L. major even with the addition of a complementing episome, suggesting that endogenously expressed SPP is essential. Finally, SPP overexpression in L. major leads to a slower growth rate and heightened sensitivity to brefeldin A and sodium orthovanadate. Together, these results suggest that the equilibrium between S1P and sphingosine is vital for the function of Golgi apparatus in Leishmania.
Genetic architecture of berry aroma compounds in a quantitative trait locus mapping population of interspecific hybrid grapes (Vitis labruscana × Vitis vinifera)
Authors: Koyama Kazuya , Kono Atsushi , Ban Yusuke , Bahena-Garrido Sharon Marie , Ohama Tomoko , Iwashita Kazuhiro , Fukuda Hisashi , Goto-Yamamoto Nami
Published: June 2022

Background Although grapes (Vitis labruscana × Vitis vinifera) accumulate diverse groups of volatile compounds, their genetic regulation in different cultivars remains unelucidated. Therefore, this study investigated the volatile composition in the berries of an interspecific hybrid population from a V. labruscana “Campbell Early (CE)” × V. vinifera “Muscat of Alexandria (MA)” cross to understand the relationship among volatile compounds and their genetic regulation. Then, a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of its volatile compounds was conducted. Results While MA contained higher concentrations of monoterpenes and norisoprenoids, CE contained higher concentrations of C6 compounds, lactones and shikimic acid derivatives, including volatiles characteristic to American hybrids, i.e., methyl anthranilate, o-aminoacetophenone and mesifurane. Furthermore, a cluster analysis of volatile profiles in the hybrid population discovered ten coordinately modulated free and bound volatile clusters. QTL analysis identified a major QTL on linkage group (LG) 5 in the MA map for 14 monoterpene concentrations, consistent with a previously reported locus. Additionally, several QTLs detected in the CE map affected the concentrations of specific monoterpenes, such as linalool, citronellol and 1,8-cineol, modifying the monoterpene composition in the berries. As for the concentrations of five norisoprenoids, a major common QTL on LG2 was discovered first in this study. Several QTLs with minor effects were also discovered in various volatile groups, such as lactones, alcohols and shikimic acid derivatives. Conclusions An overview of the profiles of aroma compounds and their underlying QTLs in a population of interspecific hybrid grapes in which muscat flavor compounds and many other aroma compounds were mixed variously were elucidated. Coordinate modulation of the volatile clusters in the hybrid population suggested an independent mechanism for controlling the volatiles of each group. Accordingly, specific QTLs with significant effects were observed for terpenoids, norisoprenoids and some volatiles highly contained in CE berries.
Demand experience of lymphoma patients with full disease trajectory：A qualitative research
Authors: Chen Jingxian , Yan Xingyu , Sheng Zhiqiong , Sun Caixia
Published: June 2022

Purpose: To develop a thorough understanding of lymphoma patients' psychological experiences at various stages of their supportive care needs, as well as to lay the groundwork for future research. This will serve as the foundation for the creation of a supportive care program for lymphoma patients. Methods: A phenomenological study was conducted using a semi-structured in-depth interview with 13 lymphoma patients from October-December 2021 in a tertiary general hospital in Wenzhou.Results: Lymphoma patients' supportive care needs during chemotherapy may be divided into five categories: information, emotional and social support, symptom management, financial support, and self-fulfillment; lymphoma patients' supportive care needs during recovery can be divided into four categories: Information, emotional and psychological support, social support, and reintegration needs are all important. Conclusion: Patients with lymphoma have various supportive care needs at different stages of their disease, so localized survivorship care strategies are needed to help with the overall management of lymphoma.
The Effect of Rebalancing Techniques on the Classification Performance in Cyberbullying Datasets
Authors: Khairy Marwa , Mahmoud Tarek M. , El-Hafeez Tarek Abd
Published: June 2022

Machine learning plays an increasingly significant role in the building of Cyberbullying detection systems. In cyberbullying datasets, the percentage of normal labeled classes is higher than the percentage of abnormal labeled ones, which is called as class imbalance problem in data mining. Class imbalance is a challenging problem in classification, especially in the two-class dataset. Conventional machine learning methods also decrease classification performance for unseen samples of the minority class when class distributions are imbalanced. This is because the model appears to be extensively influenced by the majority class. Many researchers have proposed over-sampling and under-sampling techniques in the literature to solve this problem. In this paper, the effect of over-sampling and under-sampling techniques in cyberbullying datasets is examined. For the experimental study, first we perform a preprocessing step to improve the performance of machine learning algorithms. Then we examine the effect of the imbalanced data on the classification performance for four cyberbullying datasets. To study the classification performance on the balanced cyberbullying datasets, four resampling techniques (namely, Random under-sampling, Random Oversampling, SMOTE, SMOTE + TOMEK) are used to rebalance these datasets. The impact of each rebalancing technique on the classification performance using 8 well-known classification algorithms is examined. Our experiments showed that the performance of resampling technique depends on the dataset size, the imbalance ratio, and the classifier used. The conducted experiments proved that there are no techniques that will always perform better the others.
Smokeless Tobacco Enhance Allergic Inflammation, Exacerbation of Asthma and Oxidative Stress in Asthmatic Patients from Algeria
Authors: Khaldi Taha , Boughemara Karima , Hesnie Yasmine Khodja , Amira Aicha Beya , Messarah Mahfoud , Boumendjel Amel
Published: June 2022

Background and objective
Despite their effects on human health, the link between smokeless tobacco (ST) consumption and asthma severity in asthmatic patients is still unknown. Thus, the present study aims to complete the lack of information by investigating the aggravation of inflammation, exacerbation of asthma, oxidative stress and cytotoxicity induced by ST in asthmatic patients.
Methods
The study recruited 80 male volunteers residing in Annaba town, Algeria, divided into four groups by using a questionnaire, each group consists of 20 male volunteers. Herein, biochemical parameters, hematological parameters, C-reactive protein (CRP), total IgE, interleukin-5 (IL-5), nitric oxide (NO) and oxidative stress were measured.
Results
The obtained results showed that ST clearly enhanced lung inflammation and exacerbation of asthma through total IgE, IL-5 and CRP increased production. In addition, ST was found to intensify oxidative stress via increased lipid peroxidation and decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. Likewise, the biochemical and hematological parameters results showed that ST causes damage and inflammation to tissues.
Conclusion
Therefore, our study reveals that ST obviously enhances allergic inflammation in patients suffering from asthma.
Flame-retardant lignin-containing micro/nano fibrillated cellulose by steam explosion: preparation and comparative study
Authors: cheng liangsong , Nader Saad , Mauret Evelyne , Antoun Karina , ju zehui , Vahabi Henri , Lu Xiaoning , Brosse Nicolas
Published: June 2022

Lignin-containing micro/nano fibrillated cellulose (L-MNFCs) and phosphorylated L-MNFCs were produced from beechwood sawdust by combining steam explosion (SE) pretreatment, a bleaching step, a phosphorylation reaction using urea and etidronic acid, and an ultra-fine grinding. The contents of phosphorus and nitrogen on the cellulose surface were obtained by elemental analysis (P ≈ 2.7% and N ≈ 1.2% respectively). The chemical composition of the pulps was assessed by ionic chromatography (HPAEC PAD) and the morphology of phosphorylated (L-)NMFCs were analyzed by Morfi Neo. The successful grafting of phosphate groups was verified by FTIR, 13C CPMAS, 31P NMR. Thermal and fire behaviors were examined by TG/DTG analysis and pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry (PCFC). It was found that SE pretreatment itself can significantly improve the thermal degradability and fire resistance of L-MNFCs. Phosphorylated (lignocellulosic) micro/nano fibrillated cellulose exhibiting a remarkable elevation in their thermal degradation and flame-retardancy have been produced.