bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Blood biomarkers in Down syndrome: Facilitating Alzheimer's disease detection and monitoring
Authors: Petersen Melissa E. , Flores‐Aguilar Lisi , Head Elizabeth , Montoliu‐Gaya Laia , Strydom Andre , Pape Sarah E. , Fortea Juan , Ashton Nicholas J. , Udeh‐Momoh Chinedu , O'Bryant Sid E. , German Dwight , Despa Florin , Mapstone Mark , Zetterberg Henrik
Published: November 2024

Blood‐based biomarkers continue to be explored for disease detection, monitoring of progression, and therapeutic outcomes as the diagnostic determination of Alzheimer's Disease in Down Syndrome (DS‐AD) remains challenging in clinical settings. This perspective highlights the current status of this effort. Overall, amyloid (A), tau (T), and neurodegeneration (AT[N]) blood‐based biomarkers have been shown to increase with disease pathology for individuals with DS. Phosphorylated tau biomarkers (p‐tau217, p‐tau181) have been consistently shown to track disease progression for DS‐AD and are likely good candidates for use in clinical settings. Biomarkers of inflammation (glial fibrillary acidic protein) also show promise; however, additional work is needed. Findings from stability work of blood‐based biomarkers conducted among non‐DS also support the potential longitudinal utility of biomarkers such as neurofilament light chain and p‐tau181 in DS. Gaps in our knowledge are highlighted, and a potential role for sex differences in biomarker outcomes is noted, along with recommendations for determining the appropriate context of use when translating biomarkers into clinical applications.

Highlights

An overview of blood‐based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) was provided for consideration of their utility among individuals with Down syndrome when looking toward potential clinical applications.

Longitudinal stability of many blood biomarkers and improvement in detection sensitivity make blood such as plasma a viable source for exploring AD pathology.

Variability in reviewed findings regarding the application of blood biomarkers highlights the importance of understanding and defining the appropriate context of use, particularly when translating them into clinical practice.
A Protocol for Unveiling the Nature of Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reactions: True Water Splitting or Sacrificial Reagent Acceptorless Dehydrogenation?
Authors: Peng Yong , Rabeah Jabor , Junge Henrik , Beller Matthias
Published: November 2024

Photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen evolution is a highly topical subject in academic research and a promising approach for sustainable fuel production from solar energy. Due to the mismatched energy diagram of the photosensitizer (especially semiconductor‐based materials where band‐edge engineering is not trivial) and the redox potential of the half‐reactions of water splitting, photocatalytic H2 generation from water splitting is usually accelerated by the addition of hole scavengers, i.e. sacrificial reagents such as alcohols, amines, and thiols. However, the source of the protons of the evolved H2 is often neglected, and it is questionable whether such systems are really water splitting. Here, we discuss recent reports on sacrificial reagent‐assisted photocatalytic water splitting and present our recent findings, which showcase that the sacrificial reagent in the investigated photocatalytic water splitting systems inherently undergoes acceptorless dehydrogenation, with H2O serving as the proton shuttle, the amount of which doesn't change during the course of the reaction.
Designable Electrochemiluminescence Patterning for Renewable and Enhanced Bioimaging
Authors: Gou Xiaodan , Xing Zejing , Zhang Zhichen , Jin Rong , Xu Qin , Sojic Neso , Zhu Jun‐Jie , Ma Cheng
Published: November 2024

Electrochemical imaging enables an in‐depth analysis of the interface heterogeneity and reaction kinetics of single entities. However, electrode passivation during electrochemical reactions decreases the active sites and harms the long‐term stability. Here, we introduce a method using laser‐induced photothermal effects to restore the electrochemical activity, which is particularly displayed as enhanced micrometric patterns in electrochemiluminescence (ECL) microscopy. By co‐localization characterization and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the mechanism of active site regeneration is validated as the removal of the oxide film for restoring the local surface ECL reactivity under laser irradiation. The surface‐confined and voltage‐dependent features of ECL allows for easy pattern erasure and rewriting, and it shows good reversibility and anti‐counterfeiting potential. This approach overcomes the passivation processes, evidently improves the image quality of single biological entities including Shewanella bacteria and cells, and makes the subtle contour structures more distinct. The renewable electrode interface also enhances the ECL signal of model bead‐based bioassays. This approach not only showcases precise control in fabricating micron patterns but also holds promise for enhancing the sensitivity in electrochemical immunoassays and bioimaging.
Reply to Correspondence on “Unlocking the Chain‐Walking Process in Gold Catalysis”
Authors: Bhoyare Vivek W. , Sosa Carrizo E. Daiann , Gandon Vincent , Patil Nitin T.
Published: November 2024

We recently reported the gold‐catalyzed Heck and chain‐walking reactions, which utilize migratory insertion, β‐hydride elimination steps in a catalytic fashion. Budzelaar et al. in their correspondence state that these reactions proceed through gold‐catalyzed alkene heteroarylation followed by acid‐mediated elimination and cyclization sequence. In response to this correspondence, we have conducted some experiments which convinced us that the product formation solely can not be rationalized based on hetero‐arylation of alkenes under ligand‐enabled Au(I)/Au(III) catalysis.
Deep‐red Emitting Copper(I) Indenediyltrisphosphine Complexes with Minimized Skeletal Vibrations and Configurational Disorder
Authors: Fukuma Shota , Fu Jiarui , Nakamuro Takayuki , Shang Rui , Nakamura Eiichi
Published: November 2024

The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of emission spectra, which plays an important role in determining color purity, may not always receive sufficient attention in the design of emissive materials. Particularly for the red emitter, the traditional focus has been on emission maxima, yet broad FWHM values can significantly change the perceived color. For example, the red color (λem=616–677 nm) emitted from reported Cu(I) complexes is perceived as orange to yellow if FWHM is large. To reduce FWHM, we incorporated a strained and rigid metalaphosphadicyclopenta[a,f]pentalene motif into Cu(I) complexes using trisphosphine ligands featuring a 1H‐indene‐2,3‐diyl backbone (ITP). Herein, we present the synthesis, structure, and emission properties of ITP‐MX and the congeners, showcasing genuinely deep‐red emission with narrow FWHM values of 56 nm. These materials exhibit color coordinates close to pure red on the CIE diagram, unlike reported broader‐emitting counterparts. Measurement of the entropy of disorder of the emissive crystal by a recently reported statistical mechanical method revealed a quantitative correlation between FWHM and the increase in the number of microstates (the degree of freedom) of the crystals and suggested that mechanical stress can increase the entropy of the crystal, which results in emission broadening.
Ring Expansion toward Fused Diazabicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes through Lewis Acid Catalyzed Highly Selective C−C/C−N Bond Cross‐Exchange Reaction between Bicyclobutanes and Diaziridines
Authors: He Heng‐Xian , Wu Feng , Zhang Xu , Feng Jian‐Jun
Published: November 2024

The synthesis of bicyclic scaffolds has garnered considerable interest in drug discovery because of their ability to mimic benzene bioisosteres. Herein, we introduce a new approach that utilizes a Lewis acid (Sc(OTf)3)‐catalyzed σ‐bond cross‐exchange reaction between the C−C bond of bicyclobutanes and the C−N bond of diaziridines to produce multifunctionalized and medicinally interesting azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptane derivatives. The reaction proceeds well with different bicyclobutanes and a broad range of aryl‐ as well as alkenyl‐, but also alkyl‐substituted diaziridines (up to 98 % yield). Conducting a scale‐up experiment and exploring the synthetic transformations of the cycloadducts emphasized the practical application of the synthesis. Furthermore, a zinc‐based chiral Lewis acid catalytic system was developed for the enantioselective version of this reaction (up to 96 % ee).
NIR‐II Fluorescence/Photoacoustic Dual Ratiometric Probes with Unique Recognition Site for Quantitatively Visualizing H2S2in Vivo
Authors: Hu Bangping , Liu Qinian , Jiang Yulan , Huang Yujie , Ji Huiquan , Zhang Jiqi , Wang Xia , Shen Xing‐Can , Chen Hua
Published: November 2024

Hydrogen persulfide (H2S2) plays a significant role in redox biology and signal transduction; therefore, quantitative visualization of H2S2 in the deep tissue of living organisms is essential for obtaining reliable information about relevant pathophysiological processes directly. However, currently reported H2S2 probes are unsuitable for this purpose because of their poor selectivity for many polysulfide species or their short wavelength, which hinders precise imaging in deep tissues. Herein, for the first time, we report a unique H2S2‐mediated dithiole formation reaction. Based on this reaction, we construct the first NIR‐II fluorescence (FL) and photoacoustic (PA) dual‐ratiometric probe (NIR‐II‐H2S2) for quantitatively visualizing H2S2 in vivo. This probe shows dual‐ratiometric NIR‐II fluorescence (I840/I1000, 107‐fold) and photoacoustic (PA800/PA900, 6.5‐fold) responses towards Na2S2 species with high specificity, excellent sensitivity (1.8 nM), improved water solubility, and deep‐tissue penetration. More importantly, using NIR‐II dual‐ratiometric FL/PA imaging, we successfully demonstrated that the probe could be used to accurately quantify the fluctuating H2S2 levels in the liver‐injury mouse models induced by lipopolysaccharides or metformin drugs. Overall, this study not only presents a promising tool for H2S2‐related pathological research, but also provides a unique recognition site that may be generalized for designing more useful H2S2 imaging agents in the future.
Using Near‐Infrared Irradiation for Heating Mechanochemical Reactions in Organic‐Dye‐Doped Epoxy Milling Jars
Authors: Tanepau Joao , Bonnaanaa Hafsa , Macé Angèle , Guérin Arthur , Lenormand Philibert , Lamaty Frédéric , Pinaud Julien , Bantreil Xavier
Published: November 2024

Albeit mechanochemistry is a novel promising technology that gives access to reactivity under solvent‐free conditions, heating such reactions is sometimes compulsory to obtain satisfactory results in terms of conversion, selectivity and/or yield. In this work, we developed a novel approach using a dye that absorbs NIR photons and release the energy as heat. Hence, de novo milling jars in epoxy resin doped with the dye were thus produced to obtain reactors that would produce heat upon irradiation at 850 nm. Temperature profiles were recorded, depending on the irradiance, dye charge in the resin, and milling frequency, showing an excellent control of the temperature. The usefulness of the heating jar was then demonstrated in mechanochemical reactions that are known to require heat to yield the desired product, namely Diels–Alder reactions with high activation energies and the newly developed rearrangement of a sydnone into corresponding 1,3,4‐oxadiazolin‐2‐one.
Host‐Guest Assemblies of Polyoxovanadate Clusters as Supramolecular Catalysts
Authors: Kalandia Givi , Liu Cui‐Lian , Salazar Marcano David E. , Moussawi Mhamad Aly , Bleus Sem , Van Meerbeek Bart , Dehaen Wim , Parac‐Vogt Tatjana N.
Published: November 2024

Supramolecular functional materials can be used to overcome some of the most challenging tasks in materials science, where the dynamic nature of supramolecular interactions can be leveraged to fine‐tune the properties of the material for a given task. The Lindqvist hexavanadate family of polyoxometalates (POMs) have emerged as particularly interesting candidates to be used in supramolecular materials due to their redox and Lewis acid properties that enable their application in the fields of energy conversion/storage or catalysis. Despite their promising potential, hexavanadate clusters are underrepresented in the field of supramolecular materials, mainly due to the synthetic challenges related to their inherent reactivity. In this work, pillar[5]arene was successfully grafted onto a Lindqvist hexavanadate and the resulting structure was confirmed by single crystal X‐ray diffraction (SC‐XRD), presenting the first example of a crystal structure of a POMcovalently functionalized with a pillar[5]arene. By introducing a ditopic guest molecule that could interlink pillar[5]arene moieties, host–guest interactions were leveraged as the driving force for the formation of supramolecular assemblies incorporating hexavanadate clusters in a controlled manner. The enhanced catalytic performance of the resulting aggregates confirmed their potential application as functional catalytic materials. This novel approach for developing hexavanadate‐based catalysts reported here showcases the potential of using host–guest interactions as a means to introduce catalytically active metal‐oxo clusters into supramolecular frameworks.
High‐performance engineered geopolymer composites: A sustainable approach using recycled brick waste
Authors: Ahmed Junaid K. , Abdulrahman Payam Ismael , Atmaca Nihat , Khoshnaw Ganjeena J.
Published: November 2024

This study examines the viability of using construction waste, specifically recycled brick waste powder (RBWP), as an alternative conventional industrial byproduct (fly ash) in the manufacturing of engineered geopolymer composites (EGC). The EGC mixtures are made with 40 μm diameter and 12 mm length polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber. RBWP replaces class‐F fly ash in EGC by 0, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. This study produces six distinct EGC mixtures in total. The flexural strength, abrasion resistance, sorptivity, and water absorption of the EGC are investigated. Microstructural characterization is carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Based on the results, when fly ash is replaced by 40% and 100%, respectively, adding RBWP to the EGC mixes significantly improves flexural strength by 39% and midspan deflection by 169%. Nevertheless, abrasion resistance significantly improves when fly ash is completely replaced with RBWP, even though sorptivity and water absorption increase by about 128% and 240%, respectively. The volume change is reduced by 25.4% when RBWP is used. Furthermore, the SEM study shows that the RBWP undergoes active geopolymerization in the EGC mixes.
Strongly toughened heat‐resistant cyanate ester resin‐based coatings doped by Tb3+‐complex anchored‐uCNTs with green fluorescent properties
Authors: Zhao Dong , Hu Ziyao , Wang Xin , Gong Xuezhong , Wang Yao , Grigoryeva Olga , Danilov Mykhailo , Fainleib Alexander , Strizhak Peter , Tang Jianguo
Published: November 2024

Thermally stable polymeric coatings are widely used for metal protection at high temperatures, but their brittle weakness makes them unavailable to durable environment. To overcome that, we report properties of cyanate ester resin (CER) coating doped with unzipped carbon nanotubes (uCNTs) loaded with terbium complex (TBP) as nanofiller. The performance of the coating showed that the bending flexibility, adhesion, and impact resistance of the doped coatings was significantly improved. The cylinder bending test showed that the minimal bending diameter of CER doped with TBP‐uCNTs coating reached 6 mm without failure, which represents a significant improvement compared to the pure CER coating (18 mm). Surprisingly, the impact resistance reached the highest value of 50 cm without any failure of the coating. X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman, x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy studies of CNTs, uCNTS, TBP‐uCNTs, and properties of CER indicate that formation of CER/TBP‐uCNTs composite is supported by a chemical reaction between hydroxyl groups of TBP‐uCNTs and the cyanate groups of CER resulting in fabrication of a solid cross‐linked structure. The thermal decomposition temperature of the coating increases from 409°C for pure CER to 453°C for CER/TBP‐uCNTs. The fluorescence spectra show that CER/TBP‐uCNTs exhibits strong luminescence at 550 nm.
Rapid Growth of Ag Nanoparticles on MoS2 Surfaces: An Effective Method to Improve Fire Safety and Mechanical Properties of Ethylene‐Vinyl Acetate Composites
Authors: Qin Huijie , Zhang Tongwei , Bao Lihong , Dang Bo , Li Jianxi
Published: November 2024

Two‐dimensional molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets are promising nanofillers for improving the properties of polymers, but low‐cost, facile and green methods need to be further explored to meet the requirements for large‐scale production of modified MoS2 nanosheets. Here, we developed a new idea that is, to prepare MoS2@Ag by modifying the surface of MoS2 using radiative reduction. It is noteworthy that the modified MoS2@Ag can effectively improve the mechanical strength of ethylene‐vinyl acetate (EVA) composites. In addition, the addition of MoS2@Ag was able to substantially improve the flame‐retardant properties of EVA, resulting in a significant reduction in the amount of heat and smoke released from its combustion. When two parts of MoS2@Ag were added, the peak heat release rate and total smoke release of EVA/2.0MoS2@Ag composites were reduced by 29.7% and 39.2%, respectively, compared with that of pure EVA. At the same time, the toxic gases (e.g., CO) produced by the combustion of EVA composites were significantly reduced, which indicates an improvement in their fire safety.
Insights into podophyllotoxin lactone features: New cyclolignans as potential dual tubulin‐topoisomerase II inhibitors
Authors: Hernández Ángela‐Patricia , Rosales‐Fernández Celia , Miranda‐Vera Carolina , Veselinova Anzhela , Jambrina Pablo G. , García‐García Pilar , García Pablo A. , Díez David , Castro María Ángeles , Fuentes Manuel
Published: November 2024

Chemomodulation of natural cyclolignans as podophyllotoxin has been a successful approach to obtain semisynthetic bioactive derivates. One example of this approach is the FDA‐approved drug etoposide for solid and hematological tumors. It differs from the antimitotic activity of the natural product in its mechanism of action, this drug being a topoisomerase II inhibitor instead of a tubulin antimitotic. Within the molecular requirements for the activity of these compounds, the trans‐γ‐lactone moiety presented in the parent compound has always been a feature to be explored to chemomodulate its bioactivity. In this study, we have obtained different compounds that comply with the molecular characteristics for antitubulin and antitopoisomerase II activity combined in a single molecule. Furthermore, we explored the influence of the trans‐lactone moiety on the final activity, finding that the cis‐lactone was also interesting in terms of bioactivity. The best values of cytotoxicity and cell cycle inhibition were obtained for a compound lacking the lactone ring, thus mimicking the podophyllic aldehyde functionalization, a selective antimitotic podophyllotoxin derivate. The analogs with cis‐lactone also presented interesting cytotoxic activity. The present study illustrates the potential of the chemomodulation of natural products such as natural cyclolignan podophyllotoxin derivates for the discovery of new antitumor agents.
Halogen‐based quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one derivatives as MCF‐7 breast cancer inhibitors: Current developments and structure–activity relationship
Authors: Upadhyay Rachana , Tandel Pooja , Patel Amit B.
Published: November 2024

Currently, cancer is a serious health challenge with predominance beyond restrictions. Breast cancer remains one of the major contributors to cancer‐related morbidity and mortality in women. Chemotherapy continues to be crucial in the treatment of all variants of cancer. Several antitumor drugs are presently in different phases of clinical trials, whereas many more have been approved for clinical use. However, these drugs have the potential to cause adverse effects, and certain individuals may become resistant to them, which would eventually reduce the drug's efficacy. Therefore, it is essential to discover, develop, and improve newer anticancer drug molecules that could potentially inhibit proliferative pathways. In recent years, quinazolinone derivatives, more specifically halogen‐substituted 4(3H)‐quinazolinone, have drawn attention as a promising new class of chemotherapeutic agents. In addition, these molecules showed significant inhibition in micromolar ranges when tested in vitro against the MCF‐7 cell line. Therefore, this study aims to emphasize the intriguing versatility of halogen atoms, providing an in‐depth summary and highlighting recent developments in the anticancer properties of halogenated 4(3H)‐quinazolinones. It also features a detailed discussion of the structure–activity relationship (SAR) of various functional groups and their interaction with amino acid residues utilizing molecular docking studies. The intent is to foster novel discoveries that can inspire innovative investigations in this domain. Hence, this study simplifies the drug design and development strategies by prolonging the array of pharmacologically active candidates.
Self‐Generated Ions Modify the Pair Interaction and the Phase Separation of Chemically Active Colloids
Authors: Peng Yixin , Yasir Khan Mohd , Gao Yongxiang , Wang Wei
Published: November 2024

Chemically active colloids that release/consume ions are an important class of active matter, and exhibit interesting collective behaviors such as phase separation, swarming, and waves. Key to these behaviors is the pair‐wise interactions mediated by the concentration gradient of self‐generated ions. This interaction is often simplified as a pair‐wise force decaying at 1/r2, where r is the interparticle distance. Here, we show that this simplification fails for isotropic and immotile active colloids with net ion production, such as Ag colloids in H2O2. Specifically, the production of ions on the surface of the Ag colloids increases the local ion concentration, c, and attenuates the pair‐wise interaction force that scales with ∇c/c. As a result, the attractive force between an Ag colloid and its neighbor (active or passive) decays at 1/r or 1/r2 for small or large r, respectively. In a population, the attraction of a colloid by a growing cluster also scales with ∇c/c, so that medium‐sized clusters grow fastest, and that the cluster coarsening slows with time. These results, supported by finite element and Brownian dynamic simulations, highlight the important role of self‐generated ions in shaping the collective behavior of chemically active colloids.
Molecular Engineering and Microstructure Modulation of High‐Performance Organic Batteries
Authors: Qi Mengpei , Sun Qiqi , Wang Yonglin , Lai Qi , Wang Li , Chen Zixuan , Zhu Yunhai , Zhang Aiqing , Yang Yingkui
Published: November 2024

Organic electrode materials (OEMs) featuring high abundance, structural designability, and eco‐friendliness, are considered promising candidates for rechargeable metal‐ion batteries. Nevertheless, the realization of efficient metal‐ion batteries based on OEMs is plagued by the poor intrinsic electronic conductivity and low insolubility of OEMs in common organic electrolytes. Herein, we present a systematic discussion of advancements in the design of OEMs from the perspective of molecular engineering and microstructure modulation, aiming at tuning the electrochemical, physical, and chemical properties of OEMs. Additionally, we elucidate the reaction mechanism of regulation strategies and provide new design directions for OEMs. This review offers essential concepts and perspectives on the development of advanced OEMs for rechargeable batteries.
Social Identity Mapping With Justice‐Involved Young People: Exploring Identity Pathways to Aid the Desistance of Criminal Offending
Authors: Fox Abby , Fox Ririwai , Linton Christopher J. , Cruwys Tegan , Hunter John A. , Fehoko Edmond S. , Jones Susana , Arahanga‐Doyle Hitaua , Winter Taylor , Treharne Gareth J. , Scarf Damian
Published: November 2024

Social groups and the environments they create play a prominent role in the desistance versus persistence of young peoples' criminal offending. Social Identity Mapping (SIM) provides a quantitative method for understanding the social network of young offenders. This exploratory study was guided by two broad research questions: (1) using the SIM task, we wanted to investigate the experiences of young people moving through the Youth Justice System in Aotearoa New Zealand, and (2) through the use of the SIM task combined with qualitative interviews, we wanted to gain novel insight into the influences that important social groups had on young people's behaviour. The participants were nine young people currently working their way through the Youth Justice System in Aotearoa New Zealand. The average number of groups identified in the SIM task was four (range: 3–6), with the most common groups identified being friends, family, and Gisborne (i.e., the town in which participants all lived). Through the semi‐structured interviews, participants noted that they were excluded from some groups (e.g., school) due to their delinquent behaviour. In addition, despite strong motivation to join the workforce and develop a career, participants' social networks and low educational attainment made achieving this goal very challenging. Our findings suggest that desistance efforts would be well served by broadening young offenders' social networks.
Phytochemical Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of Carthamus Caeruleus L. Aqueous Extracts: In Vitro and In Silico Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Belounis Yousra , Moualek Idir , Sebbane Hillal , Dekir Ali , Bendif Hamdi , Garzoli Stefania , Houali Karim
Published: November 2024

In order to valorize natural resources and the traditional use of medicinal plants in Algeria, this study exploits the antibacterial effect of Carthamus caeruleus L. Since there are few studies on this plant despite its notable therapeutic potential, this work aims to characterize the chemical composition of Carthamus caeruleus L. leaf and root aqueous extracts and to evaluate their antibacterial activity through an in vitro and in silico studies. Spectrophotometric assays and HPLC results revealed 22 components in the roots and 16 in the leaves. Disc diffusion and microdilution methods were used to study the antibacterial properties against nine standard bacterial strains. The results showed that roots exhibited the best activity on most tested strains. Both extracts were also able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli ATSC 25922. Furthermore, no nucleic acid leakage or membrane damage was detected. However, molecular docking of the molecules indicates that some constituents have significant affinity and stability for DNA gyrase. Gallic acid, luteolin, myricetin, and orientin were found to have the highest score. The molecular docking data suggest, for the first time, that the antibacterial activity may be caused by the inhibition of DNA gyrase.
Enhanced Molecular Imaging through a Versatile Peptide Nanofiber for Self‐Assembly and Precise Recognition
Authors: Zhang Limin , Zhao Jinge , Ma Bokai , Wang Xin , Zhang Jian , Wang Weizhi
Published: November 2024

Designing molecules for multivalent targeting of specific disease markers can enhance binding stability which is critical in molecular imaging and targeted therapy. Through rational molecular design, the nanostructures formed by self‐assembly of targeting peptides are expected to achieve multivalent targeting by increasing the density of recognition ligands. However, the balance between targeting peptide self‐assembly and molecular recognition remains elusive. In this study, we designed a targeting‐peptide‐based imaging probe system TAP which consist of the signal unit, the recognition motif, the assembly motif and a Pro‐leverage. It is verified that TAP could specifically binds to PD‐L1‐positive tumor cells in a multivalent manner to produce biological effects, and could also be combined with imaging probes through unique self‐assembly strategies. By the balance between the peptide self‐assembly and targeting recognition, the specificity and stability can be improved while the accumulation capacity of the probes at the tumor site can be greatly enhanced compared with the conventional strategy, thus reducing side effects, providing an effective tool for diagnostic and therapeutic integration of tumors.
Coexisting nutcracker phenomenon and refractory hypertension in a patient with IgA nephropathy: A case report and literature review
Authors: Wang Fengmei , Li Xinru , Liu Ran , Wang Yao , Liu Lili , Zhang Xiaoliang , Liu Bicheng
Published: November 2024

Key Clinical Message

The entrapment of the left renal vein (LRV) may contribute to changes in hemodynamics within kidney and could also be associated with IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Although the relationship between the nutcracker phenomenon and IgAN has not yet been elucidated, it is speculated that this patient's refractory hypertension is a combined effect of nutcracker syndrome (NCS) and IgAN.
How Ir–Rh Alloys Improve Electrochemical Ammonia Oxidation Activity Studied by Density Functional Theory
Authors: Laframboise Brendan J. R. , Johnston Shayne J. , Chen Leanne D.
Published: November 2024

The electrochemical ammonia oxidation reaction (AOR) has applications in hydrogen storage and ammonia waste remediation. Using density functional theory, we investigate the mechanism of AOR on Ir, Rh, and their alloys at varied atomic ratios (, , and ) toward (g), (aq), and (aq) formation. This work introduces a method for computational alloy design by considering both electronic energy and configurational entropy. The structures considered are selective to (g) formation and all favored *N–N coupling. An alloy was found to reduce the theoretical onset potential for (g) formation relative to pure Ir while not exhibiting a downhill coupling step corresponding to catalyst poisoning by *N as shown for pure Rh, consistent with previous experimental work. The formation of (aq) and (aq) demand significantly higher potentials, typically limited by the final hydroxylation step before desorption.
CuO/CeO2 Nanocomposites With p–n Heterojunction for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction to CH4
Authors: Ce Mengmeng , Xue Qingxiao , Wang Yixuan , Yi Kunhe , Liu Xuan‐He , Wu Congyi
Published: November 2024

CH4 is a significant fuel with considerable industrial value. Photocatalytic CO2 reduction presents an effective strategy for producing CH4, offering a green, environmentally friendly, and sustainable solution. However, challenges such as inefficient light absorption and inadequate separation and transport of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs are crucial barriers to its progress. Herein, an efficient CuO/CeO2 photocatalyst with p‐n heterojunction was prepared for the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CH4. CuO/CeO2 exhibited improved light absorption efficiency, along with enhanced separation and transport of photogenerated charges, leading to superior photocatalytic performance compared with individual CuO and CeO2. Only CO was detected on CuO or CeO2. In contrast, CuO/CeO2 produced CH4 and C2H4 at yields of 80.2 µmol·g−1 and 2.1 µmol·g−1 within 4 h, respectively. And the selectivity for CH4 reached up to 97.4%.
Production of Tagatose from Galactose with CaO at Room Temperature
Authors: Zhao Jikai , Cruz Ethan , Shi Xiaolei , Rankin Scott A. , Huber George W.
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the efficacy of Sn‐β zeolite, triethylamine, and CaO in the isomerization of galactose to tagatose. At temperatures over 80 °C, all three reagents exhibited low tagatose yield (< 20%). Notably, at 100 °C and a CaO/galactose molar ratio of 1/5, a galactose conversion of 64% was achieved with a tagatose selectivity of 17%. The tagatose selectivity decreased over time at this temperature. However, at room temperature, a tagatose selectivity of 56% and 73% with a CaO to galactose molar ratio of 1/1 and 2/1, respectively, was obtained with a 100% galactose conversion after 40 min of reaction. The galactose conversion had a linear relationship with the molar ratio of CaO/galactose at room temperature. This indicates that CaO functions as a stoichiometric reagent rather than a catalyst. A yellowish gel‐like complex formed when the CaO/galactose molar ratios exceeded 1/2. It is noteworthy that these phenomena were not observed with MgO. In addition, low isomerization conversion from glucose to fructose was observed with CaO.
Advances in Tandem Strategies for CO2 Electroreduction: From Electrocatalysts to Reaction System Design
Authors: Sui Peng‐Fei , Wang Yi‐Cheng , Wang Xiaolei , Liu Subiao , Luo Jing‐Li
Published: November 2024

The electrochemical reduction of CO2 (CO2RR) offers the opportunity to store renewable energy in the form of chemicals and fuels while simultaneously reducing CO2 emissions. Compared to low carbon products such as carbon monoxide and formic acid, multicarbon products have demonstrated greater value in terms of economic feasibility. To date, various strategies have been developed to enhance electrocatalytic performance, with tandem strategies emerging as a promising approach, particularly for the formation of multicarbon products. In this review, current tandem strategies regarding CO2RR are thoroughly discussed, covering electrocatalyst designs from atomic‐scale tandem electrocatalysts to macroscale electrode configurations as well as reaction system designs. Additionally, the internal reaction processes involving reduction product upgrades, the application of multi‐physical tandem fields, and the tandem reaction systems are further summarized. This review aims to provide more fundamental insights into tandem strategies for CO2RR applications and inspire more creative ideas in the research community of CO2RR in light of this promising approach with its wide versatility, diversity, and flexibility.
Chalcogen‐Bonding Catalyzed In Situ Trityl Cation Activation for C—C Bond Forming Reactions
Authors: Lohmann Niklas , Fengler Kevin , Keuper Alica C. , García Mancheño Olga
Published: November 2024

In this work, the use of chalcogen bonding for the catalytic activation of trityl cation by chloride abstraction from bench stable trityl chloride and further application in C—C bond forming reactions is reported. In particular, telluronium salts bearing noncoordinative counter anions such as BArF24 proved highly efficient. Thus, low catalyst loading of 1 mol% allows for the trapping of the in situ generated trityl cation in a Friedel–Crafts reaction, as well as its use as catalyst in the carbonyl‐ene cyclization of citronellal or as hydride‐type oxidant in diastereoselective C—H functionalization/cyclization of tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives. A new family of chiral chalcogen–triazolium salts presenting the chirality in the central backbone was also designed and employed in the C—H functionalization reaction, slightly outperforming hydrogen and halogen bonding activation. Although no appreciable chirality transfer has been achieved so far, those simple and modular structures might open new possibilities toward enantioselective chalcogen catalysis.
Perceptions or behavior? An evaluation of CFPB's financial well‐being scale using household financial ratios
Authors: Khashadourian Edmund , Harrison Adele L.
Published: November 2024

This article creates a typology to assess four categories of financial well‐being based on a combination of household financial ratios. Most financial well‐being scales are based on subjective measures (i.e., perceptions), as objective markers have not reliably encapsulated financial well‐being. We define a conceptual model, the equilibrium model of the household (EMH), and use discriminant analysis to extract categories of financial well‐being. The continuum of these categories is financially distressed (lowest), financially fragile, financially stable, and financially flourishing (highest). Our results demonstrate these categories are consistent with the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau's (CFPB) Financial Well‐Being Scale, a subjective scale. Higher CFPB scores were associated with higher category ranks. Our results provide additional evidence to support construct validity of the CFPB scale and may offer more actionability to the CFPB scores because specific financial outcomes/behaviors associated with our categories of financial well‐being correspond to ranges of the CFPB scale. However, we argue that the claim whereby the CFPB scale measures a concept beyond traditional financial measures is imprecise and may even reflect the existence of noise in the CFPB's data, raising questions about its reliability.
Synthesis, Structures and Air‐stable N‐type Organic Field‐effect Transistor (OFET) Properties of Functionalized‐phenanthrene Conjugated Asymmetric N‐heteroacenes
Authors: Liu Zepeng , Hua Yu , Xu Jiqiang , Zhao Wenkai , Long Guankui , Yang Jiaxiang , Zhang Qichun , Zhang Guobing , Wang Chengyuan
Published: November 2024

The development of stable high‐performance n‐type organic semiconductors for applications in organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) under ambient conditions is desirable but challenging. To address this issue, we here synthesized a series of functionalized‐phenanthrene conjugated asymmetric N‐heteroacenes, where the phenanthrene moiety was modified by N substitution or Br functionalization at different positions to induce various degrees of asymmetry in their structures. The photophysical and electrochemical properties of these molecules were studied, and their packing patterns were analysed. The OFETs based on these materials were fabricated through simple spin‐coating method, and the as‐resulted thin films were treated with different conditions. The devices exhibit typical n‐type performances under ambient conditions with charge carrier mobilities up to 4.27×10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1. The crystallinities and morphologies of these thin films were studied to investigate the correlations between the device performances and thin‐film characteristics. Our study suggests that phenanthrene conjugated N‐heteroacenes can be developed as promising air‐stable solution‐processable n‐type semiconducting materials, and Br modification at certain positions of phenanthrene is beneficial in adjusting the thin‐film properties for the improvement of OFET performances.
Isoreticular Contraction in Dicopper Paddle‐Wheel‐Based Metal‐Organic Frameworks to Enhance C2H2/CO2 Separation
Authors: Du Guo‐Tong , Wang Yi , Liu Teng‐Long , Yue Zheng‐Qi , Ma Ya‐Nan , Xue Dong‐Xu
Published: November 2024

Achieving a balance between high selectivity and uptake is a formidable challenge for the purification of acetylene from mixtures with carbon dioxide, particularly when seeking to maximize both C2H2 adsorption capacity and C2H2/CO2 separation selectivity in crystalline porous materials. In this study, leveraging the principles of reticular chemistry, we selected two tetracarboxylate‐based linkers and combined them with Cu2+ ions to synthesize two isoreticular dicopper paddle‐wheel‐based metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs): Cu‐TPTC (terphenyl‐3,3’,5,5’‐tetracarboxylic acid, H4TPTC) and Cu‐ABTC (3,3,5,5‐azobenzenetetracarboxylic acid, H4ABTC). The structural and sorption analyses revealed that Cu‐ABTC, despite having slightly smaller pores due to the strategic replacement of a phenyl ring with an azo group between two tetratopic ligands, maintains high porosity compared to Cu‐TPTC. Furthermore, Cu‐ABTC outperforms Cu‐TPTC in terms of C2H2 adsorption capacity (196 cm3 g−1 at 298 K and 1 bar) and C2H2/CO2 separation selectivity (16.5~5.6). These findings were corroborated by dynamic breakthrough experiments and computational modeling. This research highlights the potential of the isoreticular contraction strategy in enhancing MOFs for sophisticated gas adsorption and separation processes.
Design and Evaluation of Azaspirocycles as RNA binders
Authors: Fleurisson Claire , Graidia Nessrine , Azzouz Jihed , Di Giorgio Audrey , Gaysinski Marc , Foricher Yann , Duca Maria , Benedetti Erica , Micouin Laurent
Published: November 2024

This study presents efficient synthetic pathways for preparing novel azaspirocycles. These methodologies involve functionalizing key bicyclic hydrazines with a substituent on one of their bridgehead carbon atoms. The desired spirocyclic cores were successfully obtained through double reductive amination reactions, intramolecular cyclizations, and cleavages of the N−N bond. The isolated molecules possess unique three‐dimensional structures, suggesting potential applications in medicinal chemistry and drug discovery. With the growing interest in targeting nucleic acids as a complementary approach to protein‐targeting strategies for developing novel active compounds, we investigated the potential of the synthesized azaspirocycles as RNA binders. As a proof of concept, we highlight the promising activity of some compounds as strong binders of HIV‐1 TAR RNA and inhibitors of Tat/TAR interactions.
Quenching Rate Constants of Lewis Base‐Boryl Radical by Substrates: a Laser Flash Photolysis Study
Authors: Zhang Fan , Li Yuanming , Zhou Xi , Zhao Qiang , Li Xuelian , Zhang Feng‐Lian , Wang Yi‐Feng , Zhou Xiaoguo
Published: November 2024

The advanced strategy using Lewis base‐boryl radicals (LBRs) has recently been proposed for the addition of alkyl substituents to the full‐carbon quaternary center of an organic molecule. However, as the rate‐determining step in the whole route, reaction rate constants of LBRs with substrates are extremely lacking. In this paper, 4‐dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP)‐BH2⋅ was selected as a representative of LBRs, and its reactions with six monochloro‐substituted substrates, including three methyl chlorobenzoates and three chlorinated acetanilides were studied in experiments and theoretical calculations. The bimolecular reaction rate constants, kq, were determined using laser flash photolysis approach. By comparing activation energies along the two addition pathways, we have clarified the rate‐determining step as the attacking to carbonyl oxygen instead of chlorine atom. Furthermore, noncovalent interaction (NCI) analyses on these substrates indicate that weak interactions, such as hydrogen‐bonding and van der Waals interactions, have significant influence on the reactivity of these substrates. Our study provides concrete clues to extend this synthetic strategy.
Resilience and Religious Coping in Libyan Survivors of Hurricane Daniele
Authors: Ali Mohamed , Altaeb Hawwa , Abdelrahman Rasha Mohamed
Published: November 2024

The aim of the study was to investigate the mediating roles of resilience, posttraumatic growth (PTG) and religiosity between the impact of hurricane trauma and psychological distress. Using a cross‐sectional design, the study involved 101 Libyan participants with an average age of 30.43 years (SD = 9.59), of whom 72% were women. Participants completed validated tests, including the Impact of Event Scale (IES), Brief Resilience Scale, Muslim Religiosity Scale and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ). The results indicated that posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) were not associated with PTG (r = 0.04, p > 0.05) or religiosity (r = 0.02, p > 0.05) but were negatively associated with resilience (r = −0.39, p < 0.001) and positively associated with psychological distress including anxiety (r = 0.72, p < 0.001) and depression (r = 0.69, p < 0.001). Structural equation modelling (SEM) revealed that only resilience positively mediated the association between PTSS and anxiety (indirect effect = 0.04, p = 0.031), while PTSS positively predicted psychological distress (β = 0.037, p < 0.001). Network analysis identified parent loss is strongly connected with intrusion (r = 0.121), as most central node, while partner loss was associated with hyperarousal (r = 0.063), irritability (r = 0.036) and both share the same connection with numbing, while interestingly partner and friends loss share connection with resilience (r = 0.177). The study concludes that urgent clinical interventions, such as trauma‐focused cognitive behavioural therapy, are required for the affected individuals, with a focus on enhancing resilience as a protective factor against PTSS.
Evaluation of Alveolar Bone Destruction Patterns in the Posterior Region of the Maxilla Through Cone Beam Computer Tomography on 361 Consecutive Patients: Effect of Age and Gender
Authors: Pekiner Filiz Namdar , Yılmaz Gözde , Keser Gaye , Eyüboğlu Tan Fırat , Özcan Mutlu
Published: November 2024

Objectives

The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the effect of age and gender on the alveolar bone destruction pattern with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the posterior region of the maxilla.

Materials and Methods

The study group included CBCT image records of 361 consecutive patients (180 males and 181 females) aged 20 years and older. Alveolar crest morphology in the maxillary right and left first and second molar teeth on retrospective images was classified as a horizontal or vertical defect (one‐walled, two‐walled, three‐walled, and combined bone defect) on four surfaces (mesial, distal, buccal, and palatinal). Bone crater defects were defined, and furcation involvements and combined periodontal–endodontic lesions (CPELs) were placed in another category.

Results

In 361 patients, 1444 teeth were evaluated from adults between 20 and 63 years of age; 49.9% of the patients were male and 50.1% were female. Female patients had a considerably greater rate of one‐walled horizontal damage in the right molar teeth than male patients (p = 0.002; p < 0.05). Patients with combined horizontal destruction in the right and left molar teeth, horizontal destruction in the palatinal, and horizontal three‐walled destruction had a significantly higher mean age than patients without these periodontal destructions (p = 0.000; p < 0.05). Males were shown to have statistically higher frequencies of horizontal defects when defects were combined or distally and palatally located.

Conclusions

Age and gender affect the alveolar bone loss pattern. Except for single‐walled destructions, it has been found that the frequency of horizontal destruction increases with age. Horizontal destruction in the palatinal along with horizontal three‐walled destruction increased with age.
Exploring the Variations in the Use of Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) in Literature: A Survey of Studies Published from 2014 to 2023
Authors: Yeung Andy Wai Kan
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) is a frequently used psychometric tool to evaluate the dental anxiety level of dental patients or the general population. However, it was largely unclear if MDAS was consistently administered in the original format in the academic literature. This work aimed to survey the literature published in the last 10 years to reveal the current usage of MDAS.

Methods

Web of Science and Scopus were queried to identify papers that mentioned the use of MDAS.

Results

Among a total of 260 analyzed papers, 101 papers included comprehensive information regarding both the questions posed and the response format employed. Two papers only used an explicitly renamed MDAS with modified contents. Among the 258 papers that used MDAS that were supposed to be standardized, many discrepancies from the original version were discovered. There were only 39 papers that strictly followed the recommended scoring scheme: if a participant had a score of ≥ 19, he or she might be highly dentally anxious. Notable modifications included the use of a cut‐off score different from the original recommendation, the use of multiple cut‐off scores, modifications of the response format or descriptors, and modifications to the question items especially adding extra questions.

Conclusions

These modifications would create confusion when researchers and clinicians tried to compare data across studies. Researchers are recommended to administer MDAS in its original format.