bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Breast‐conserving therapy is associated with better survival than mastectomy in Early‐stage breast cancer: A propensity score analysis
Authors: Ji Jiali , Yuan Shushu , He Jiawei , Liu Hong , Yang Lei , He Xuexin
Published: February 2022

Background

Recent retrospective studies have reported that breast‐conserving therapy (BCT) led to improved overall survival (OS) than mastectomy in some populations. We aimed to compare the efficacy of BCT and mastectomy using the SEER database.

Materials and methods

Between 2010 and 2015, 99,790 eligible patients were identified. We included early‐stage breast cancer patients with 5cm or smaller tumors and three or fewer positive lymph nodes in our study. We compared the OS and breast cancer‐specific survival (BCSS) results among patients with BCT and those with mastectomy. Kaplan‐Meier plots, Cox proportional hazard regressions, competing risk analysis, and multivariate regressions were used to evaluate the outcomes. Propensity‐score matching was used to assemble a cohort of patients with similar baseline characteristics.

Results

In our study, 77,452 (77.6%) patients underwent BCT and 22,338 (22.4%) underwent mastectomy. The 5‐year OS rate was 94.7% in the BCT group and 87.6% in the mastectomy group, and the 5‐year BCSS was 97.2% in the BCT and 94.3% in the mastectomy group. Multivariate analysis in the matched cohort showed that women underwent mastectomy was associated with worse OS (Hazard ratio (HR) = 1.79; 95% confidence intervals (CIs) = 1.59–2.02, p < 0.001) and BCSS (HR = 1.88; 95% CIs = 1.61–2.18, p < 0.001) results compared with those underwent BCT. Patients with different subtypes and age group (>50 years old; ≤50 years old) received BCT showed significantly better OS and BCSS results than those received mastectomy. The effect of surgery choice on survival yielded similar results either for all patients or matched cohorts.

Conclusions

Our study showed that BCT was associated with improved survival compared with mastectomy in early‐stage breast cancer patients. It seems advisable to encourage patients to receive BCT rather than mastectomy in early‐stage patients when feasible and appropriate.
Isolation of Thioinosine and Butenolides from a Terrestrial Actinomycetes sp. GSCW‐51 and Their in Silico Studies for Potential against SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Nazir Mamona , Tousif Muhammad Imran , Khalid Muhammad , Parveen Shehla , Akhter Naseem , Farooq Nosheen , Khan Muhammad Usman , Mehmood Rana Farhat , Mahomoodally Mohamad Fawzi , Muhammad Shabbir , Alarfaji Saleh S.
Published: February 2022

In our continuous screening for bioactive microbial natural products, the culture extracts of a terrestrial Actinomycetes sp. GSCW‐51 yielded two new metabolites, i. e., 5‐hydroxymethyl‐3‐(1‐hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐7‐oxooctyl)dihydrofuran‐2(3H)‐one (1), 5‐hydroxymethyl‐3‐(1,7‐dihydroxy‐6‐methyloctyl)dihydrofuran‐2(3H)‐one (2), and two known compounds; 5′‐methylthioinosine (3), and 5′‐methylthioinosine sulfoxide (4), which are isolated first time from any natural source, along with four known compounds (5–8). The structures of the new compounds were deduced by HR‐ESI‐MS, 1D and 2D NMR data, and in comparison with related compounds from the literature. Additionally, owing to the current COVID‐19 pandemic situation, we also computationally explored the therapeutic potential of our isolated compounds against SARS‐CoV‐2. Compound 4 showed the best binding energies of −6.2 and −6.6 kcal/mol for Mpro and spike proteins, respectively. The intermolecular interactions were also studied using 2‐D and 3‐D imagery, which also supported the binding energies as well as put several insights under the spotlight. Furthermore, Lipinski's rule of 5 was used to predict the drug likeness of compounds 1–4, which indicated all compounds obey Lipinski's rule of 5. The study of bioavailability radars of the compounds 1–4 also confirmed their drug likeness properties where all the five crucial drug likeness parameters are in color area, which is safe to be used as drugs. Our isolation and computational findings highly encourage the scientific community to do further in vitro and in vivo studies of compounds 1–4.
Neonatal nevus lipomatosus cutaneous superficialis managed by surgical resection alone
Authors: Prosun Roy Susmit , Ting Caleb , Dill Tony , Roy Gerard
Published: February 2022

Naevus Lipomatosus Cutaneous Superficialis(NLCS) is very rare in neonates and presents as part of broad spectrum of skin lesions. Clinical appearance alone can be deceptive. Prompt radiologic evaluation and surgical excision with visible clear margins should be first line of management followed by pathological confirmation to rule out any other sinister pathology.
An Unprecedented FeMo6@Ce‐Uio‐66 Nanocomposite with Cascade Enzyme‐Mimic Activity as Colorimetric Sensing Platform
Authors: Tong Zhibo , Sha Jingquan , Liu Dingzhou , Xu Mingqi
Published: February 2022

Introducing the idea of integrated design and cascade activity into nanozyme, the novel integrated nanozymes (INAzymes), FeMo6@Ce‐Uio‐66 (FC‐66(n)), were designed and synthesized by encapsulating iron‐based polyoxometalates (FeMo6) into the ceria‐based metal–organic framework (Ce‐Uio‐66). Due to the oxygen‐driven reversible Ce3+/Ce4+ couple sites, the “Fenton‐like” effect by iron centers, the “nanoscale proximity” effects by nanocages, and their synergistic effects, FC‐66(n) as INAzymes exhibit elegant cascade enzyme‐mimic activities (oxidase‐, peroxidase‐, and Fenton‐like activity), which realizes INAzyme activities based on polyoxometalates based metal–organic framework (POMOFs). By employing dopamine (DA) detection as a model reaction, a high‐efficient fluorescent “turning‐on‐enhanced” platform under near neutral conditions was established.
Unexpected Acid‐Triggered Formation of Reversibly Photoswitchable Stenhouse Salts from Donor‐Acceptor Stenhouse Adducts
Authors: Shpinov Yuriy , Schlichter Antoine , Pelupessy Philippe , Le Saux Thomas , Jullien Ludovic , Adelizzi Beatrice
Published: February 2022

Donor‐acceptor Stenhouse adducts (DASAs) are reversibly photoswitchable dyes, which are able to interconvert between a red/NIR absorbing triene‐like state and a colorless cyclic state. Although optically attractive for multiple applications, their low solubility and lack of photoswitching in water impede their use in aqueous environments. We developed water‐soluble DASAs based on indoline as donor and methyl, or trifluoromethyl, pyrazolone‐based acceptors. In acetonitrile, photophysical analysis and photochemical studies, accounted with a three‐state kinetic model, confirmed the reversible photoswitching mechanism previously proposed. In water, the colorless cyclic state is a thermodynamic sink at neutral pH values. In contrast, in acidic conditions, we observed a fast scrambling of DASAs’ end‐group resulting in the in situ formation of Stenhouse salts (StS), which are in turn capable of reversible photoswitching. We believe that this unexpected result is of interest not only for the future design of DASAs with improved stability, but also for further development and applications of StS as photoswitchable probes.
Recent Developments in Porous Silicon Nanovectors with Various Imaging Modalities in the Framework of Theranostics
Authors: Qian Jing , Wen Huang , Tamarov Konstantin , Xu Wujun , Lehto Vesa‐Pekka
Published: February 2022

The number of in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies on porous silicon (PSi) nanoparticles for biomedical applications has increased extensively over the last decade. The focus of the reports has been on the carrier properties of PSi concerning the therapeutic aspect due to several beneficial nanovector characteristics including high payload capacity, biocompatibility, and versatile surface chemistry. Recently, increasing attention has been paid to the diagnostic aspects of PSi, which is typically attributed to the biotraceability of the nanovector. Also, PSi has been studied as a contrast agent. When both these aspects, therapy and diagnosis, are integrated into one nanovector, we can discuss a real nanotheranostics approach. Herein, we review the recent progress developing PSi for various imaging modalities, specifically focusing on optical imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, and nuclear medicine imaging. Furthermore, we summarized the knowledge gaps that must be covered before applying PSi in clinical imaging, highlighting future research trends.
The role of cytokeratin 7/20 coordination revisited—Machine learning identifies improved interpretative algorithms for cell block immunohistochemistry in aspirates of metastatic carcinoma
Authors: Chan Ronald Cheong Kin , Lee Angus Lang Sun , To Curtis Chun Kit , Cheung Tommy Lok Him , Ho Ching Ting , Choi Joseph Sen Hei , Li Joshua Jing Xi
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) is a robust diagnostic technique often used for tissue diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma. For interpretation of FNA cytology, cell block immunohistochemistry (IHC) and clinicocytologic parameters are indispensable. In this review of a large cohort, the current report: 1) describes clinicocytologic parameters and immunoprofiles of aspirates of metastatic carcinoma, 2) compares the predictivity of immunostains and classical approaches for IHC interpretation, and 3) describes machine learning‐based algorithms for IHC interpretation.

METHODS

Aspirates of metastatic carcinoma that had IHC performed were retrieved. Clinicocytologic parameters, IHC results, the corresponding primary site, and histologic diagnoses were recorded. By using machine learning, decision trees for predicting the primary site were generated, their performance was compared with 2 human‐designed algorithms, and the primary site was suggested in the historical diagnosis.

RESULTS

In total, 1145 cases were identified. The 6 most populated groups were selected for machine learning and predictive analysis. With IHC input, the decision tree achieved a concordance rate of 94.5% and overall accuracy of 83.6%, which improved to 95.3% and 85.8%, respectively, when clinical data were incorporated and exceeded the human‐designed IHC algorithms (P< .001). The historical diagnosis was more accurate unless indeterminate diagnoses were regarded as discordant (P< .001). CDX2 and TTF‐1 immunostains had the highest weight in model accuracy, occupied the root of the decision trees, scored higher as features of importance, and outperformed the predictive power of cytokeratins 7 and 20.

CONCLUSIONS

Cytokeratins 7 and 20 may be superseded in immunostaining panels, including organ‐specific immunostains such as CDX2 and TTF‐1. Machine learning generates algorithms that surpasses human‐designed algorithms but is inferior to expert assessment integrating clinical and cytologic assessment.;
From Ligand‐ to Metal‐centered Reactivity: Metal Substitution Effect in Thiosemicarbazone‐based Complexes for H2 Production
Authors: Barrozo Alexandre , Orio Maylis
Published: February 2022

The quest to develop and optimize catalysts for H2 production requires a thorough understanding in the possible catalytic mechanisms involved. Transition metals are very often the centers of reactivity in the catalysis, although this can change in the presence of a redox‐active ligand. Investigating the differences in catalysis when considering ligand‐ and metal‐centered reactivity is important to find the most optimal mechanisms for hydrogen evolution reaction. Here, we investigated this change of reactivity in two versions of a thiosemicarbazone‐based complex, using Co and Ni metal centers. While the Ni version has a ligand‐centered reactivity, Co switches it toward a metal‐centered one. Comparison between the mechanisms show differences in rate‐limiting steps, and shows the importance of identifying those steps in order to optimize the system for hydrogen production.
Evaluating board diversity and its importance in the environmental and social performance of organizations
Authors: Islam Ranjita , French Erica , Ali Muhammad
Published: February 2022

Past literature documenting the relationship between board diversity and organizational sustainability performance resulted in inconclusive findings. The study draws on the resource dependency theory to investigatehowboard gender diversity and age diversity influence the corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance of organizations. The qualitative data were collected through in‐depth interviews of 19 board directors from 14 organizations operating in Australia. Data were analyzed following the six‐phase process of thematic analysis. The findings indicate that board gender and age diversity enhance CSR investment and approach decisions, and, in turn, they improve the CSR performance of organizations. The effectiveness of these relationships depends on the number of women directors, organizational culture, industry regulations, and organizational life‐cycle stage. This study provides insights into the “black box” of boardroom dynamics. The findings suggest that efforts need to be made at the organizational and policy levels to increase board gender and age diversity for a sustainable performance.
Rapid Electrochemical Activation of V2O3@C Cathode for High‐Performance Zinc‐Ion Batteries in Water‐in‐Salt Electrolyte
Authors: Zheng Jun , Zhan Chenyang , Zhang Kai , Fu Wenwu , Nie Qiaojun , Zhang Ming , Shen Zhongrong
Published: February 2022

Aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs), with the advantages of low cost, high safety, and high capacity, have great potential for application in grid energy storage and wearable flexible devices. However, their commercial application is still restricted by their inferior long‐term cycling stability, Zn dendrite formation, and the decomposition of aqueous electrolyte. In this study, a Zn|Zn(CF3SO3)2+LiTFSI|V2O3@C cell is constructed to address the above issues. The V2O3@C electrode can be fully oxidized into amorphous V2O5@C simultaneously with Zn2+ and H2O co‐insertion. The cell delivers a high specific capacity of more than 240 mAh g−1 at 3 A g−1, with extraordinary coulombic efficiency and capacity retention. The excellent electrochemical performances are attributed to synergistic effects between the V2O3@C electrode and the water‐in‐salt electrolyte with enhanced stability and improved interface reaction kinetics. Systematic improvements of this architecture indicate much promise for application.
Random Copolymerization Strategy for Host Polymer Donor PM6 Enables Improved Efficiency Both in Binary and Ternary Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Yang Na , Cheng Yujun , Kim Seoyoung , Huang Bin , Liu Zuoji , Deng Jiawei , Wang Jing , Yang Changduk , Wu Feiyan , Chen Lie
Published: February 2022

Although breakthroughs have been made in organic solar cells (OSCs) in recent years, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of OSCs still lags behind inorganic/perovskite solar cells. In this work, two terpolymers were synthesized by introducing the thieno[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐4,6‐(5H)‐dione (TPD) block into the host polymer donor PM6. Owing to the lower highest occupied molecular orbital energy level, wider light absorption, optimal molecular packing, and more desirable aggregation morphology by addition of the TPD, the PM6‐TPD‐5 % : Y6‐based device displayed an improved PCE of 16.3 % with an enhanced open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.860 V, relative to that of PM6‐TPD‐10 % : Y6 (PCE=14.8 %) and PM6 : Y6‐based device (PCE=15.6 %). Interestingly, the VOC did not always increase in proportion to the third component. Besides, ternary OSCs based on PM6 : PM6‐TPD‐5 % : Y6 achieved a superior PCE of 17.1 %. This work demonstrated that random copolymerization is a feasible and effective strategy to further increase device performance, and the two polymers that possess similar structure and absorption in ternary devices can also obtain impressive efficiency.
A Mixed‐Addenda Mo/W Organofunctionalised Hybrid Polyoxometalate
Authors: Amin Sharad S. , Cameron Jamie M. , Winslow Max , Davies E. Stephen , Argent Stephen P. , Robinson David , Newton Graham N.
Published: February 2022

A mixed‐addenda W/Mo hybrid polyoxometalate cluster – K6[P2W15Mo2O61(POC6H5)2] (1) was synthesised from the condensation of K10[P2W15Mo2O61] and PO3C6H7 under acidic conditions. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction confirmed the structure of the hybrid cluster and the presence of two Mo centres in the cap of the lacunary cluster. The electronic effects of metal substitution were studied by cyclic voltammetry, spectroelectrochemistry and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and supported by density functional theory calculations. Comparing 1 to its tungsten‐only analogue K6[P2W17O61(POC6H5)2] (2), a more positive potential for the first reduction process was induced by the substitution of W for Mo, consistent with a significant lowering of the cluster LUMO energy.
Synthesis of Fatty Acid Bioconjugates and Related Derivatives
Authors: Crauste Céline , Galano Jean‐Marie , Guy Alexandre , Lehoux Jordan , Durand Thierry , Balas Laurence
Published: February 2022

Several families of naturally occurring fatty acid conjugates are presented. Chemical and chemoenzymatic syntheses are exemplified for fatty acid conjugates with (poly)phenols, glycerol, hydroxyfatty acids, aminoacids and small peptides.
Astrocytic modulation of central pattern generating motor circuits
Authors: Turk Ariana Z. , Bishop Mitchell , Adeck Afuh , SheikhBahaei Shahriar
Published: February 2022

Central pattern generators (CPGs) generate the rhythmic and coordinated neural features necessary for the proper conduction of complex behaviors. In particular, CPGs are crucial for complex motor behaviors such as locomotion, mastication, respiration, and vocal production. While the importance of these networks in modulating behavior is evident, the mechanisms driving these CPGs are still not fully understood. On the other hand, accumulating evidence suggests that astrocytes have a significant role in regulating the function of some of these CPGs. Here, we review the location, function, and role of astrocytes in locomotion, respiration, and mastication CPGs and propose that, similarly, astrocytes may also play a significant role in the vocalization CPG.
The acute toxicity of pesticide mixtures to honeybees
Authors: Belden Jason B.
Published: February 2022

Honeybees (Apis mellifera) frequently live in complex environments where exposure to mixtures of pesticides is possible. Although several studies have expressed concern regarding the combined effects of pesticide mixtures, other studies did not find increased toxicity. Thus, the primary objective of this study was to identify peer-reviewed literature measuring the toxicity of pesticide mixtures to honeybees and determine how frequently synergistic interactions occur. Many experiments (258) were identified that met the criteria for inclusion. When considering all experiments, 34% of experiments had model deviation ratios (MDR; expected toxicity/observed toxicity) greater than 2, suggesting greater-than-additive toxicity. Twelve percent of experiments had MDR values greater than 5, with several studies exceeding 100. However, most experiments that had higher MDRs included azole fungicides or acaricides as a component of the mixture. After removal of these groups, only 8% of experiments exceeded an MDR of 2, and no experiments exceeded 5. Moreover, the influence of the azole fungicides was dose dependent. If only experiments that used azole exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations were considered, azole fungicides had limited impact on neonicotinoid insecticides. However, pyrethroid insecticides still had greater than expected toxicity with 80% of experiments having MDR values greater than 2. Acaricides also had greater than expected incidence of synergy with approximately 30% of studies reporting MDR values greater than 2. It should be noted that even the azole studies considered environmentally relevant frequently used maximum exposure rates and worst-case exposure scenarios. The primary finding is that synergy is uncommon except for a few cases where known synergists (azole fungicides) and pesticides with variable metabolism potential, such as some pyrethroids, are in combination. Future work is still needed to refine the relevance of azole fungicides at commonly occurring environmental concentrations. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:1694–1704. © 2022 SETAC

KEY POINTS

When evaluating all pesticide-mixture studies in the literature, evidence of synergy is common for honeybees. The majority of studies where synergy was found to occur involved azole fungicides, known synergists, in combination with insecticides with variable metabolism potential, such as some pyrethroids. Environmental relevance of applied concentrations should be considered when evaluating the results of pesticide mixtures studies. Synergy involving neonicotinoid insecticides is uncommon when only considering environmentally relevant concentrations of azole fungicide.
Coupling field-scale and watershed models for regulatory modeling of pesticide aquatic exposures in streams
Authors: Ghebremichael Lula , Chen Wenlin , Jacobson Andy , Roy Colleen , Perkins Daniel B. , Brain Richard
Published: February 2022

Estimating exposure in receiving waterbodies is a key step in the regulatory process to evaluate potential ecological risks posed by the use of agricultural pesticides. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) currently uses the Variable Volume Water Model (VVWM) to predict environmental concentrations of pesticides in static waterbodies (ponds) that receive edge-of-field runoff inputs from the Pesticide Root Zone Model (PRZM). This regulatory model, however, does not adequately characterize potential pesticide concentrations in flowing water systems (streams and rivers) drained from watershed areas. This study aims at addressing this gap by coupling the regulatory PRZM model with a watershed-level hydrological model, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), to predict pesticide concentrations in flowing water habitats for aquatic organisms. This coupled PRZM-SWAT model was applied in a test watershed (~HUC12), a headwater watershed of Goodwater Creek in Missouri, and simulation results at the outlet of this watershed were compared to daily and near-daily measured streamflow and atrazine concentration data from a decade-long sampling campaign. Overall, the PRZM-SWAT model captured (1) the general magnitude and temporal trend of daily atrazine concentrations, (2) the observed high-end of exposure levels (>3 ppb) of atrazine concentrations, and (3) the 90th centile annual maximum for various exposure durations (1-, 4-, 7-, 21-, and 60-day rolling average), which are important exposure metrics used in assessing the potential ecological risks posed by the application of pesticides. The PRZM-SWAT model is expected to expand the utility of the field-scale regulatory model to include pesticide exposure prediction capability in flowing waterbodies from agricultural watersheds. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:1678–1693. © 2022 SETAC

KEY POINTS

A coupled PRZM-SWAT modeling approach that integrates a field-level pesticide model with a watershed-level hydrological model was developed for estimating surface runoff-driven pesticide exposure estimates in flowing waterbodies that are needed for refined ecological risk assessment. The coupled PRZM-SWAT model performed well in estimating atrazine exposure levels in flowing waterbodies (mainly the high end of exposure levels, >3 ppb),  needed for conducting ecological risk assessments.
Acute aerobic exercise‐conditioned serum reduces colon cancer cell proliferation in vitro through interleukin‐6‐induced regulation of DNA damage
Authors: Orange Samuel T. , Jordan Alastair R. , Odell Adam , Kavanagh Owen , Hicks Kirsty M. , Eaglen Tristan , Todryk Stephen , Saxton John M.
Published: February 2022

Epidemiological evidence shows that regular physical activity is associated with reduced risk of primary and recurrent colon cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms of action are poorly understood. We evaluated the effects of stimulating a human colon cancer cell line (LoVo) with human serum collected before and after an acute exercise bout vs nonexercise control serum on cancer cell proliferation. We also measured exercise‐induced changes in serum cytokines and intracellular protein expression to explore potential biological mechanisms. Blood samples were collected from 16 men with lifestyle risk factors for colon cancer (age ≥50 years; body mass index ≥25 kg/m2; physically inactive) before and immediately after an acute bout of moderate‐intensity aerobic interval exercise (6 × 5 minutes intervals at 60% heart rate reserve) and a nonexercise control condition. Stimulating LoVo cells with serum obtained immediately after exercise reduced cancer cell proliferation compared to control (−5.7%; P = .002). This was accompanied by a decrease in LoVo cell γ‐H2AX expression (−24.6%; P = .029), indicating a reduction in DNA damage. Acute exercise also increased serum IL‐6 (24.6%, P = .002). Furthermore, stimulating LoVo cells with recombinant IL‐6 reduced γ‐H2AX expression (β = −22.7%; P < .001) and cell proliferation (β = −5.3%; P < .001) in a linear dose‐dependent manner, mimicking the effect of exercise. These findings suggest that the systemic responses to acute aerobic exercise inhibit colon cancer cell proliferation in vitro, and this may be driven by IL‐6‐induced regulation of DNA damage and repair. This mechanism of action may partly underlie epidemiological associations linking regular physical activity with reduced colon cancer risk.
The transfer of vaccine‐generated SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies into infantile circulation via breastmilk
Authors: Lebbe Barbara , Reynders Marijke , Van Praet Jens T.
Published: February 2022

The contents of this page will be used as part of issue TOC only. It will not be published as part of main article

Vaccine‐generated maternal anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG antibodies are not transferred into infantile circulation via breastmilk.
Impact of the introduction of a low‐cost uterine balloon tamponade (ESM‐UBT) device for managing severe postpartum hemorrhage in India: A comparative before‐and‐after study
Authors: Burke Thomas F. , Shivkumar Poonam V. , Priyadarshani Preeti , Garg Lorraine , Conde‐Agudelo Agustin , Guha Moytrayee
Published: February 2022

Objective

To evaluate the impact of introducing a uterine balloon tamponade (ESM‐UBT) device for managing severe postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), mainly due to uterine atony, in health facilities in India on the rates of PPH‐related maternal death and invasive procedures for PPH control.

Methods

We used a quasi‐experimental, difference‐in‐difference (DID) design to compare changes in the rates of a composite outcome (PPH‐related maternal death and/or artery ligation, uterine compression sutures, or hysterectomy) among women delivering in nine intervention facilities compared with those delivering in two control facilities, before and after the introduction of ESM‐UBT.

Results

The study sample included 214 123 deliveries (n = 78 509 before ESM‐UBT introduction; n = 47 211 during ESM‐UBT introduction; and n = 88 403 after ESM‐UBT introduction). After introduction of ESM‐UBT, there was a significant decline in the rate of the primary composite outcome in intervention facilities (21.0–11.4 per 10 000 deliveries; difference −9.6, 95% confidence interval −14.0 to −5.4). Change in the rate of the primary composite outcome was not significant in control facilities (11.7–17.2 per 10 000 deliveries; difference 5.4, 95% confidence interval −3.9 to 14.9). DID analyses showed there was a significant reduction in the rate of the primary composite outcome in intervention facilities relative to control facilities (adjusted DID estimate −15.0 per 10 000 points, 95% confidence interval −23.3 to −6.8; P = 0.005).

Conclusion

Introduction of the ESM‐UBT in health facilities in India was associated with a significant reduction in PPH‐related maternal death and/or invasive procedures for PPH control.
The feasibility of switching from IVF to IVM combined with all‐blastocyst‐culture and transfer for patients with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome tendency
Authors: Zhao Fanxuan , Lu Xiaosheng , Gong Chaochao , Xi Haitao , Liu Xiaoming , Zhao Junzhao
Published: February 2022

Objective

To investigate the feasibility of switching from in vitro fertilization (IVF) to in vitro maturation (IVM) combined with all‐blastocyst‐culture and transfer as a supplementary infertility treatment in patients with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) tendency

Methods

Retrospective cohort study including 184 patients who switched from IVF and underwent 192 IVM cycles between January 2016 and December 2020. The outcomes were compared between cleavage‐stage embryo transfer (group A, n = 74) and blastocyst‐stage transfer (group B, n = 52) groups.

Results

The OHSS rate is 0%. 66 cycles were canceled for transfer. Among the 126 transfer cycles, number of retrieved oocytes, proportion of metaphase II oocytes, cleavage rate, and proportion of high‐quality embryos on day 3 post‐fertilization are significantly lower in group A than that in group B. On the contrary, number of transferred embryos is significantly lower in group B than that in group A, whereas the rates of implantation, clinical pregnancy, and live births are significantly higher in group B than that in group A.

Conclusion

Timely switching to IVM combined with all‐blastocyst‐culture and transfer for patients undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and exhibiting characteristics of OHSS tendency is feasible as a supplementary infertility treatment.
Clinicopathologic features of pregnancy luteoma
Authors: Wang Lixin , Zhou Chen , Jiang Jingui , Zhang Zilan , Li Xiaohong , Zhang Weishan
Published: February 2022

Objective

This study aimed to explore the clinicopathological characteristics, immunophenotype, histological occurrence, diagnosis, and differential diagnosis of ovarian luteoma tumor of pregnancy.

Methods

The clinical features, histomorphology, immunohistochemistry, and reticular fiber staining results of 18 cases of luteoma tumors of pregnancy were analyzed, and related published studies were reviewed.

Results

The 18 cases of luteoma tumors were all women who had undergone multiple pregnancies. The tumors were 1.3–15 cm in size and brownish yellow or reddish brown in color, with a soft texture. Microscopic examination revealed the eosinophilic cytoplasm of tumor cells and diffuse hyperplasia. The results of the immunohistochemical analysis were as follows: α‐inhibin, AE1/AE3, CD99, and vimentin were positive, while epithelial membrane antigen, S‐100, HMB45, and MelanA were negative. One case was positive for MelanA. The staining results of reticular fibers showed that the argyrophilic reticular fibers were black surrounding the tumor cell nests.

Conclusions

Luteoma tumor of pregnancy is a rare tumor‐like lesion mostly appearing in late pregnancy. The gross, immunohistochemical staining, and reticular fiber staining results may help diagnose this disease. The disease needs to be differentiated from other diseases.
Comparative evaluation on the toxic effect of silver (Ag) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles on different trophic levels in aquatic ecosystems: A review
Authors: Sibiya Ashokkumar , Jeyavani Jeyaraj , Santhanam Perumal , Preetham Elumalai , Freitas Rosa , Vaseeharan Baskaralingam
Published: February 2022

Silver (Ag) and zinc oxide (ZnO) are considered to be harmful nanoparticles (NPs) to the aquatic organisms as their intake causes toxic impacts to wildlife, through direct ingestion or by the transference along trophic levels. Over usage and ultimate disposal of metallic particles from the industries subsequently lead to pollution of the aquatic environment. Exposure of NPs in aquatic ecosystem alters biological and physicochemical parameters of the water and aquatic organisms and determines their potential ecotoxicological impacts. Prolonged exposure of aquatic organisms to these NPs results in differential bioaccumulation and distribution into internal organs like liver, kidney, gills, brain, and muscle tissue. The contact of NPs to aquatic organisms induces various types of toxic traits including cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and epigeneticity. Taking this in consideration, this present review focuses on the comparative toxic impact of ZnO and Ag NPs towards both vertebrates and invertebrates in aquatic ecosystems.
Dose–response relationships of sarcopenia parameters with incident disability and mortality in older Japanese adults
Authors: Seino Satoshi , Kitamura Akihiko , Abe Takumi , Taniguchi Yu , Murayama Hiroshi , Amano Hidenori , Nishi Mariko , Nofuji Yu , Yokoyama Yuri , Narita Miki , Shinkai Shoji , Fujiwara Yoshinori
Published: February 2022

Background

Sarcopenia‐related parameters may have differential impacts on health‐related outcomes in older adults. We examined dose–response relationships of body composition, muscle strength, and physical performance with incident disability and mortality.

Methods

This prospective study included 1765 Japanese residents (862 men; 903 women) aged ≥65 years who participated in health check‐ups. Outcomes were incident disability and all‐cause mortality. Fat mass index (FMI) and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), determined using segmental multi‐frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis, handgrip strength (HGS), and usual gait speed (UGS) were measured. We determined multivariate‐adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for disability and mortality relative to sex‐specific reference values (FMI: medians; SMI: 7.0 kg/m2 for men and 5.7 kg/m2 for women; HGS: 28 kg for men and 18 kg for women; or UGS: 1.0 m/s for both sexes). Association shapes were examined using restricted cubic splines or fractional polynomial functions.

Results

The median follow‐up was 5.3 years; 107 (12.7%) men and 123 (14.2%) women developed disability, and 101 (11.7%) men and 56 (6.2%) women died. FMI did not impact any outcome in men and disability in women, while an FMI ≤ 7.3 kg/m2 (median) was significantly associated with higher mortality risk in women, compared with median FMI. SMI did not impact disability in either sex and mortality in women, but showed a significant inverse dose–response relationship with mortality risk in men [HRs (95% confidence intervals) of minimum and maximum values compared with the reference value: 2.18 (1.07–4.46) and 0.43 (0.20–0.93), respectively], independent of HGS and UGS. HGS and UGS showed a significant inverse dose–response relationship with disability in both sexes [HGS: 1.71 (1.00–2.91) and 0.31 (0.09–0.99), respectively, in men, 2.42 (1.18–4.96) and 0.41 (0.20–0.85), respectively, in women; UGS: 2.14 (1.23–3.74) and 0.23 (0.08–0.67), respectively, in men, 3.26 (2.07–5.14) and 0.11 (0.05–0.26), respectively, in women] and mortality in women [HGS: 6.84 (2.84–16.47) and 0.06 (0.02–0.21), respectively; UGS: 2.67 (1.14–6.27) and 0.30 (0.11–0.85), respectively], independent of body composition, but did not impact mortality in men.

Conclusions

Disability risk was more dependent on muscle strength and physical performance in both sexes. Mortality risk in men was more dependent on muscle mass, and mortality risk in women was influenced by lower fat mass along with muscle strength and physical performance. Although improving muscle strength and physical performance should be the first target for health promotion, it is also necessary to pay attention to body composition to extend life expectancy in older adults.
Feasibility of iron‐based sorbents for arsenic removal from groundwater
Authors: Gonzalez‐Pech Natalia I , Molloy Anna L , Zambrano Alexandra , Lin Wayne , Bohloul Arash , Zarate‐Araiza Rafael , Avendano Carolina , Colvin Vicki L
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

Arsenic is one of the most serious drinking water contaminants around the world. The development of iron oxide materials, including nanoparticles, as sorbents for arsenic remediation has shown promising results in recent years. Some of these materials are already used as commercial‐grade arsenic sorbents. However, the use of iron‐oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) has barely been used in real‐world conditions. This work compares commercial IONPs with three proven arsenic sorbents.

RESULTS

The full chemical characterization includes electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray photon spectroscopy to determine morphology, crystalline structure and elemental analysis, respectively. Arsenic remediation studies also were conducted in both batch and column set‐ups with real water samples from Salamanca, Mexico. The conditions (pH 8, high concentration of silica and presence of other interferences) found in this site are outside the recommended parameters of operations for most of the arsenic sorbents. All of the materials observed a negative effect because of silica presence. However, the effects observed in batch did not correlate directly to the column tests. This is important when evaluating the viability of using sorbents in specific conditions.

CONCLUSIONS

A feasibility analysis revealed that some commercial sorbents can treat water with the conditions presented in the selected site, but the cost of treatment is not viable for developing countries. In addition, the generated waste by using these sorbents would be substantial. These challenges could be diminished by using nanoparticles, yet the commercially‐available IONPs do not fill this gap. Better designed nanomaterials are still needed for arsenic removal. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
5‐Sulfosalicylicacid an organocatalyst for the synthesis of highly functionalized piperidines through the multicomponent reaction
Authors: Gadge Dhananjay D. , Kulkarni Pramod S.
Published: February 2022

The synthetic protocol was developed for the synthesis of highly derivatized piperidines molecules in high yield with 5‐sulfosalicylic acid as an organocatalyst via a multicomponent reaction between the aromatic aldehydes, the aromatic anilines, and the β‐ketoesters at room temperature. The method has numerous advantages over other reported methods, such as the use of an inexpensive, reusable, nontoxic, and metal‐free catalyst along with readily available precursors, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup procedures. Instrumental techniques like high‐resolution mass spectroscopy (HRMS), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), 13‐carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to confirm the structure and relative stereochemistry of the compounds. In this protocol, an anti‐isomer has been obtained as a major product at room temperature. Syn: Anti diastereomeric ratio has been confirmed by1H NMR.
A cross‐sectional study of SARS‐CoV‐2 seropositivity among healthcare workers and residents of long‐term facilities in Italy, January 2021
Authors: Bordino Valerio , Marengo Noemi , Garlasco Jacopo , Cornio Alessandro Roberto , Meddis Davide , Ditommaso Savina , Giacomuzzi Monica , Memoli Gabriele , Gianino Maria Michela , Vicentini Costanza , Zotti Carla Maria ,   Collaborating group
Published: February 2022

Long‐term care facilities (LTCFs) are high‐risk settings for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. This study aimed to describe SARS‐CoV‐2 seropositivity among residents of LTCFs and health‐care workers (HCWs). Subjects were recruited in January 2021 among unvaccinated HCWs of LTCFs and hospitals and residents of LTCFs in Northern Italy. Information concerning previous SARS‐CoV‐2 infections and a sample of peripheral blood were collected. Anti‐S SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG antibodies were measured using the EUROIMMUN Anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 QuantiVac ELISA kit (EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG). For subjects with previous COVID‐19 infection, gender, age, type of subject (HCW or resident), and time between last positive swab and blood draw were considered as possible determinants of two outcomes: the probability to obtain a positive serological result and antibody titer. Six hundred and fifty‐eight subjects were enrolled. 56.1% of all subjects and 65% of residents presented positive results (overall median antibody titer: 31.0 RU/ml). Multivariable models identified a statistically significant 4% decrease in the estimated antibody level for each 30‐day increase from the last positive swab. HCWs were associated with significant odds for seroreversion over time (OR: 0.926 for every 30 days, 95% CI: 0.860–0.998), contrary to residents (OR: 1.059, 95% CI: 0.919–1.22). Age and gender were not factors predicting seropositivity over time. Residents could have a higher probability of maintaining a seropositive status over time compared to HCWs.
TET2 is required for Type I IFN‐mediated inhibition of bat‐origin swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus
Authors: Duan Yueyue , Yuan Cong , Suo Xuepeng , Cao Liyan , Kong Xiangyu , Li Xiangtong , Zheng Haixue , Wang Qi
Published: February 2022

Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS‐CoV) is a newly discovered bat‐origin coronavirus with fatal pathogenicity for neonatal piglets. There is no vaccine to prevent SADS‐CoV infection or clinically approved drugs targeting SADS‐CoV. Therefore, unraveling cellular factors that regulate SADS‐CoV for cell entry is critical to understanding the viral transmission mechanism and provides a potential therapeutic target for SADS‐CoV cure. Here, we showed that Type I interferon (IFN‐I) pretreatment potently blocks SADS‐CoV entry into cells using lentiviral pseudo‐virions as targets whose entry is driven by the SADS‐CoV Spike glycoprotein. IFN‐I‐mediated inhibition of SADS‐CoV entry and replication was dramatically impaired in the absence of TET2. These results suggest TET2 is found to serve as a checkpoint of IFN‐I‐meditated inhibition on the cell entry of SADS‐CoV, and our discovery might constitute a novel treatment option to combat against SADS‐CoV.
Comparison of performance between three SARS‐CoV‐2 molecular assays (Aptima™, Laboratory Developed Test‐Fusion, and R‐GENE®) with special attention to turnaround time, a key point in laboratory management
Authors: Lefeuvre Caroline , Pivert Adeline , Przyrowski Emilie , Bouthry Elise , Darviot Estelle , Mahieu Rafaël , Lunel‐Fabiani Françoise , Ducancelle Alexandra , Le Guillou‐Guillemette Hélène
Published: February 2022

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) highlights the importance of rapid diagnostic testing to identify individuals with SARS‐CoV‐2 infections and to limit the spread of the virus. Many molecular assays have become commercially available to cope with this surging demand for timely diagnosis of COVID‐19 cases, but identifying individuals requires accurate diagnostic tools. We compared the performance of three molecular SARS‐CoV‐2 assays: Aptima™ SARS‐CoV‐2 assay running on the Panther system (Hologic), an in‐house assay (Laboratory Developed Test, LDT) running on the Fusion module of the Panther Fusion system (LDT‐Fusion; Hologic), and the R‐GENE® SARS‐CoV‐2 assay (bioMérieux). In addition, we also evaluated the turnaround time. This parameter is crucial to managing the SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnosis and represents a key point in the quality management at the laboratory. Aptima™ and LDT‐Fusion assays exhibited an excellent positive percent agreement (PPA) (100.0%), while the R‐GENE® assay showed a slightly decreased PPA (98.2%). The Hologic assays have a higher throughput with less hands‐on time than the R‐GENE® assays (24–25 vs. 71 min). Both Hologic assays are used on a fully automated random‐access testing system with on‐demand testing capabilities that avoid run series, unlike the R‐GENE® assay. Automated random‐access testing systems should be preferred during periods of high SARS‐CoV‐2 prevalence.
Detection and isolation of SARS‐CoV‐2 Eta variant from the international travelers and local residents of India
Authors: Yadav Pragya D. , Nyayanit Dimpal A. , Gupta Nivedita , Shastri Jayanthi , Sahay Rima R. , Patil Deepak Y. , M. Shete Anita , Razdan Alpana , Agrawal Sachee , Kumar Abhinendra , Majumdar Triparna , Patil Savita , Sarkale Prasad , Baradkar Shreekant , Dudhmal Manisha , Kaur Harmanmeet , Aggarwal Neeraj
Published: February 2022

International travel has been the major source for the rapid spread of new SARS‐CoV‐2 variants across the globe. During SARS‐CoV‐2 genomic surveillance, a total of 212 SARS‐CoV‐2 positive clinical specimens were sequenced using next‐generation sequencing. A complete SARS‐CoV‐2 genome could be retrieved from 90 clinical specimens. Of them, 14 sequences belonged to the Eta variant from clinical specimens of international travelers (n = 12) and local residents (n = 2) of India, and 76 belonged to other SARS‐CoV‐2 variants. Of all the Eta‐positive specimens, the virus isolates were obtained from the clinical specimens of six international travelers. Many variants of interest have been found to cause substantial community transmission or cluster infections. The detection of this variant with lethal E484K mutation across the globe and India necessitates persistent genomic surveillance of the SARS‐CoV‐2 variants, which would aid in taking preventive action.
Microglia form satellites with different neuronal subtypes in the adult murine central nervous system
Authors: Bakina Olga , Kettenmann Helmut , Nolte Christiane
Published: February 2022

Microglia are the innate immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS). In the adult uncompromised CNS, they have a highly ramified morphology and continuously extend and retract their processes. A subpopulation of microglial cells forms close soma‐to‐soma contacts with neurons and have been termed satellite microglia, yet the role of such interaction is largely unknown. Here, we analyzed the distribution of satellite microglia in different areas of the CNS of adult male mice applying transgenic‐ and immunolabeling of neuronal subtypes and microglia followed by three‐dimensional imaging analysis. We quantified satellite microglia associated with GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons in the somatosensory cortex, striatum, and thalamus; with dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons in the basal forebrain and raphe nucleus, respectively; and with cerebellar Purkinje cell neurons. Satellite microglia in the retina were assessed qualitatively. Microglia form satellites with all neuronal subtypes studied, whereas a preference for a specific neuron subtype was not found. The occurrence and frequency of satellite microglia is determined by the histo‐architectural organization of the brain area and the densities of neuronal somata therein.
Good intentions, bad behavior: A review and synthesis of the literature on unethical prosocial behavior (UPB) at work
Authors: Mo Shenjiang , Lupoli Matthew J. , Newman Alexander , Umphress Elizabeth E.
Published: February 2022

Scholars have investigated work behaviors that are intended to help others, yet at the same time violate societal values, norms, laws, or standards of proper conduct. We refer to these actions collectively as unethical prosocial behavior (UPB) at work. In this paper, we provide a critical review of the UPB literature. Our review makes several contributions: First, we clarify definitional issues surrounding UPB, while also offering suggestions for the improvement of measurement and methodology in the study of UPB. Second, we review the major theoretical perspectives that have been adopted in empirical research on UPB at different levels of analysis and summarize the empirical findings on the topic. In doing so, we highlight the theoretical and empirical challenges facing this work. Finally, we develop an agenda for future research that clears a path toward resolving these issues and advancing knowledge of UPB.