bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bir Araştırma Hastanesinde Kan ve İdrar Kültür Sonuçlarının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ASENA Muhammet
Published: March 2020

Amaç: Bakteriyemi ve üriner sistem enfeksiyonlarında tanının erken konması enfeksiyona neden olan organizmanın tespit edilmesi ve bu organizmanın antimikrobiyal ajanlara duyarlılığının saptanması hastalığın prognozu için önemlidir. Özellikle hastane enfeksiyonlarının yüksek mortalite ve morbiditesinin azaltılması için hastane florasının bilinmesi önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı hastanemizde alınan kültür sonuçlarından izole edilen mikroorganizmaların tespiti, hastanemiz yoğun bakım ve klinik florasına ait bilgi edinmek, sık görülen enfeksiyon nedenlerini tespitini sağlayarak daha sonraki süreçte enfeksiyonu önleyici çalışmalara temel oluşturmaktır.

Yöntemler: Çalışmaya dahil edilen 5927 kan ve idrar kültüründen 1524 tanesinin sonucu pozitif bulundu. Hastalar yaş grubu (yenidoğan, pediatrik, erişkin) ve özel durumlarına göre (gebelik) göre ayrı gruplar halinde değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Alınan 4532 idrar kültüründen 1319 (%29,1)’unda, 1395 kan kültüründen 205 (%14,6)’inde üreme olmuştur. Anlamı mikroorganizma üremesi olan idrar kültürü oranı %86,5 iken kan kültürü oranı %13,5’tir. İdrar kültür sonuçlarında mikroorganizma üremesi daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Kültür sonuçlarının 1211 (%79,5)’inde Gram (-) bakteri üremesi olurken, 294 (%19,3)’sinde Gram (+) bakteri üremesi, 19 (%1,2)’sinde mantar üremesi olmuştur. Kültür sonuçlarının %74,2’sinde üreme saptanmamıştır. En sık üreyen bakteri E.coli olup üriner sistem hastalıkları nedeniyle gönderilen sonuçlarda saptanırken, genişletilmiş spektrumlu beta laktamaz (ESBL) oranı %42,6 olarak bulunmuştur. Yenidoğan hasta grubunda en sık koagulaz negative stafilokoklar iken gebelerde en sık E.coli saptanmıştır. Yenidoğanlarda metisilin direnci, gebelerde ESBL (+)’liği genel populasyondan düşük saptanmıştır.

Sonuç: Kültür sonuçları toplumdan topluma, hastaneden hastaneye hatta klinikler arasında bile değişebilmektedir. Bu nedenle toplum florasının, yaş ve özel durumlara göre mikroorganizma üreme sıklığının, hastane florasının kliniklere göre dağılımının belirli aralıklarla taranması hastalıklarda olası etkenlerin tahmini ve etkin tedavinin erken başlamasını sağlayabilecektir.
Método simplificado para estimativa das dimensões do bulbo molhado na irrigação por gotejamento superficial
Authors: Maia Celsemy Eleutério , Silva Neto José Mariano da , Braga Ana Quézia Carvalho
Published: March 2020

O conhecimento das dimensões do bulbo molhado do solo na irrigação por gotejamento superficial é um aspecto importante que vem chamando a atenção de pesquisadores pelo fato de definir tanto a lâmina e a frequência de irrigação, como também o número de gotejadores e o dimensionamento do sistema. Para isso, diversos modelos foram utilizados em diferentes trabalhos, destacando o modelo potencial e o de superfície de resposta para estimar as dimensões do bulbo em condições experimentais em função da vazão do gotejador e/ou tempo de aplicação de água. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se com este trabalho propor, ajustar e avaliar modelos matemáticos para estimar diâmetro máximo (Dmax), profundidade máxima (Zmax) e diâmetro superficial (Ds) do bulbo molhado usando o volume de 1,0 L de água. Para isso foram instalados seis experimentos em diferentes solos e avaliadas as dimensões do bulbo em função do volume de água aplicado. Foram propostos três modelos, sendo os valores de Dmax, Zmax e Ds para a aplicação de 1,0 L de água. Concluiu-se que os modelos estimaram satisfatoriamente as dimensões avaliadas, com coeficiente de determinação (R2) entre os valores observados e estimados variando de 0,9615 a 0,9896, 0,9212 a 0,9835 e 0,8904 a 0,9704 para Dmax, Zmax e Ds, respectivamente.
Ciencia abierta
Authors: Abadal Ernest , Anglada Lluís
Published: March 2020

La ciencia abierta es un cambio de modelo en la manera de hacer ciencia que supone realizar con una visión “abierta” (open) todas las etapas o fases de la investigación científica (diseño, recolección de datos, revisión, publicación, etc.). El objetivo de nuestro texto es analizar la evolución del concepto y de la denominación de ciencia abierta desde sus inicios previos hasta el empuje que le ha dado la Unión Europea (e-ciencia, ciencia interconectada, ciencia 2.0, ciencia abierta). También se quiere determinar cuáles son los elementos fundamentales que componen la ciencia abierta. Para ello, se han seleccionado y analizado los principales textos teóricos que han tratado sobre la cuestión, que han sido localizados a partir de consultas bibliográficas en las bases de datos Scopus y GoogleScholar. Como resultados, se pone de manifiesto que las denominaciones han sufrido más variaciones que propiamente el concepto y, en lo que respecta a los componentes, la ciencia abierta partió de cuatro elementos básicos (acceso abierto, datos abiertos, software libre, reproducibilidad) que se han ido ampliando hasta los ocho que constituyen el modelo propuesto por las recomendaciones de OSPP, que se están adoptando de manera amplia.

Open science represents a paradigm shift in the way science is conducted that involves performing all stages of scientific research (design, data collection, review, publication, etc.) with an “open” vision. Our aim is to analyze the evolution of the denomination and the concept of open science from its beginnings (e-science, interconnected science, science 2.0, open science). We also want to determine which are the fundamental elements that make up open science. This is a theoretical research based on the selection and analysis of the most important conceptual documents about open science, which have been found in the Scopus and GoogleScholar databases. As a result, it is shown that the denominations have undergone more variations than the concept itself. Regarding the components, open science started with four basic elements (open access, open data, open software, reproducibility) that have been extended to the eight that are considered in the model proposed by OSPP recommendations.
Aproximación al grado de conocimiento y aplicación de Big Data en las bibliotecas universitarias españolas
Authors: Ríos Hilario Ana Belén , Fraile Sastre Alberto
Published: March 2020

Se analiza el grado de conocimiento e implantación de la tecnología Big Data y sus características principales en las bibliotecas universitarias españolas inscritas en REBIUN con el objetivo de observar si estas instituciones se encuentran capacitadas para la utilización y aprovechamiento de las ventajas del tratamiento masivo de datos. Los datos son obtenidos mediante un cuestionario cuya respuesta proviene de fuentes internas de las bibliotecas, a partir de los cuales se establecen una serie de conclusiones junto a unas propuestas de mejora y líneas de trabajo futuras que permitan la correcta implantación, uso y aprovechamiento del Big Data en la oferta de servicios y funciones de las bibliotecas universitarias españolas.

It is analyzed the degree of knowledge and implementation of Big Data technology and its main characteristics in the Spanish university libraries registered in REBIUN, with the objective of observing if these institutions are qualified for the use of the advantages of the massive data processing. The data is obtained by means of a questionnaire, whose response comes from internal sources of the libraries, from which a series of conclusions are established together with proposals for improvement and future lines of work that allow the correct implementation, use and exploitation of the Big Data in the offer of services and functions of the Spanish university libraries.
Damage Detection of Truss Structures by Reduction of Degrees of Freedom Using the Serep Method
Authors: Arefi Shahin Lale , Gholizad Amin
Published: March 2020

Damage detection of bridge structures during their operating lifetime is essential. In this paper, two approaches, All Degrees of Freedom and Reduction of the Degrees of Freedom methods, are used to detect the damages in structures. The first method considers All Degrees of Freedom of the structure and the second method, Reduction of the Degrees of Freedom. Since the sensors are installed only on a few degrees of freedom, the responses are available for some of them. The Degrees of Freedom must be reduced and System Equivalent Reduction Expansion Process method is one of the most efficient ways to solve the problem. This research aimed to identify the damage of structures using the Modal Strain Energy method by reducing the structural degree of freedom. Two standard examples are used and the results compared to different damage cases to examine the efficiency of the mentioned method. The results illustrated the proper performance of the Reduction of the Degrees of Freedom method to identify the damage in truss structures. By increasing the number of modes, Reduction of the Degrees of Freedom method detects considerably more accurate the damaged elements, especially when the noise is considered. Also, based on the outcomes to identify damaged elements, it is possible to consider more modes instead of more sensors.
Analysis of Older Pedestrian Accidents: A Case Study of Lithuania
Authors: Jasiūnienė Vilma , Čygas Donatas
Published: March 2020

However, for several decades, Europe has been witnessing demographic ageing. As a result of these changes, a more significant number of elderly road users will be involved in future traffic, and therefore safe mobility management of the older will become an increasingly important issue. Various physical, sensory, and cognitive constraints affecting elderly road users lead to a rise in the likelihood of an accident, which, due to the increased physical vulnerability, cause more serious consequences of road accidents. The findings reported by the authors of an in-depth analysis of accidents for four years have demonstrated that the risk of road fatalities for elderly road users is by one fifth more significant than the average of all age groups, and the pedestrian plays the most critical role in road traffic. To adequately compensate for the observed age-related physiological changes, the authors discuss actions and road safety measures to ensure appropriate conditions for older pedestrians on the streets.
Investigation of Longitudinal Cracking in Widened Concrete Pavements
Authors: Yang Shuo , Zhang Yang , Kaya Orhan , Ceylan Halil , Kim Sunghwan
Published: March 2020

Widened slabs, widely employed in many US states in concrete pavements, have suffered from unexpected longitudinal cracks. These cracks suddenly appeared within 0.60 m to 1.20 m from widened slab edges and could be detrimental to the long-term pavement performance. The primary objective of this study was to identify possible causes for such longitudinal cracking observed on widened concrete pavements. Both field investigation and Finite Element Analysis were performed. Degrees of curling and warping were measured using a Terrestrial Laser Scanner. Concrete cores were also extracted to achieve a better understanding of how the cracking had developed. Field survey and numerical simulation results indicate that such longitudinal cracks could be primarily caused by a combination of excessive traffic loads, a high degree of curling and warping, inadequate support from underlying layers, pavement ageing, and skewed joints. It was also found that 4.30 m widened slabs coupled with tied Portland Cement Concrete shoulders outperformed others in terms of producing less cracking, even when they had experienced higher levels of truck traffic. The sites constructed in late afternoons also showed significantly less longitudinal cracks.
The naive T-cell receptor repertoire has an extremely broad distribution of clone sizes
Authors: de Greef Peter C , Oakes Theres , Gerritsen Bram , Ismail Mazlina , Heather James M , Hermsen Rutger , Chain Benjamin , de Boer Rob J
Published: March 2020

The clone size distribution of the human naive T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire is an important determinant of adaptive immunity. We estimated the abundance of TCR sequences in samples of naive T cells from blood using an accurate quantitative sequencing protocol. We observe most TCR sequences only once, consistent with the enormous diversity of the repertoire. However, a substantial number of sequences were observed multiple times. We detect abundant TCR sequences even after exclusion of methodological confounders such as sort contamination, and multiple mRNA sampling from the same cell. By combining experimental data with predictions from models we describe two mechanisms contributing to TCR sequence abundance. TCRα abundant sequences can be primarily attributed to many identical recombination events in different cells, while abundant TCRβ sequences are primarily derived from large clones, which make up a small percentage of the naive repertoire, and could be established early in the development of the T-cell repertoire.
Identification of a three-m6A related gene risk score model as a potential prognostic biomarker in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Yiqiao , Tao Zijia , Chen Xiaonan
Published: March 2020

Background

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) has been shown to play important roles in regulating gene expression and phenotypes in both health and disease. Here, our purpose is to construct a m6A-regulrator-based risk score (RS) for prediction of the prognosis of ccRCC.

Methods

We used clinical and expression data of m6A related genes from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset and the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis to develop an RS to predict survival of patients with ccRCC, and analyzed correlations between RS and other clinical indicators such as age, grade and stage. Validation of this RS was then engaged in another cohort, E-MTAB-1980 from the ArrayExpress dataset. Finally, we used quantitative real-time PCR to analyze the expression profile of genes consists of the RS.

Results

A three-gene RS including METTL3, METTL14 and HNRNPA2B1 which can predict overall survival (OS) of ccRCC patients from TCGA. After applying this RS into the validation cohort from Arrayexpress, we found that it successfully reproduced the result; furthermore, the results of PCR validation were in line with our analysis.

Conclusion

To sum up, our study has identified an RS composed of m6A related genes that may predict the prognosis of ccRCC patients, which might be helpful for future therapeutic strategies. Our results call for further experimental studies for validations.
Relationship Analysis between Production Factors with Business Production of Beef Cattle Livestock in Binjai Barat District, Indonesia
Authors: Marisa Julia , Sitepu Sukma Aditya
Published: March 2020

Appropriate and efficient management of production factors will affect the income of beef cattle farmers. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the scale of business, breed, feed, medicine and labor with the production of the beef cattle business in West Binjai District. This type of research is quantitative descriptive research. The population in this study were all beef cattle farmers to raise fattening. A survey of 37 farmers conducted the data collection method. The data used in this study include primary data and secondary data. The analytical method used is Chi-Square analysis using SPSS 18.0 software. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the size of the business area, that there was a significant relationship between the scale of business, breed, feed, medicine and labor with the production of the beef cattle business in Binjai Barat District. With the closeness of the relationship between the scale of business and breedings with the production of 92.1% and the closeness of the relationship between medicine and feed with a production of 88.9% and the close relationship of labor with the production of 73.4%.
Batch Adsorption of Safranin Dye from an Aqueous Solution of Balanites aegyptiaca Seed Coats
Authors: Magaji Buhari , Maigari Aisha U. , Abubakar Usman A. , Sani Mukhtar M. , Maigari Amina U.
Published: March 2020

This study was aimed at using Balanite aegyptiaca seed coats activated carbon (BAAC) as a potential adsorbent to remove safranin dye from aqueous solution. BAAC was prepared from Balanite aegyptiaca seed coats using a one-step procedure with 67.27% yield, 3.23% ash content, 695 m2/g surface area and 203 mg/g iodine number. The FTIR spectroscopy revealed O-H, N-H, C-H, C=C, C-O-H stretching vibrations. The influences of agitation time, initial dye concentration and adsorbent dose were studied in batch experiments at room temperature. The adsorptions were rapid at the first 15 minutes of agitation, with the uptake of 2.746 mg/kg. The adsorption equilibrium was achieved at 90 minutes of agitation. Kinetic studies showed good correlation coefficient for both pseudo-first order and pseudo-second-order kinetics model but fitted well into pseudo-second order kinetic model. The adsorption data fitted well into Langmuir isotherm with correlation coefficient (R2) very close to unity and Langmuir maximum adsorption constant, qm  1.00. Thus, the fitting into Langmuir indicates monolayer coverage on the adsorbents. The results showed that BAAC has the potential to be applied as alternative low-cost adsorbents in the remediation of dye contamination in wastewater.
Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy: General Introduction
Authors: Ding Song‐Yuan , Zhang Xue‐Min , You En‐Ming , Ren Bin , Tian Zhong‐Qun
Published: March 2020

The surface‐enhanced Raman scattering effect refers to the effect was discovered in the mid‐1970s, by which the intrinsically low detection sensitivity of Raman spectroscopy is no longer a fatal disadvantage for this analytical tool. As a general introduction of surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), the over 40‐year history of SERS is first overviewed, showing that SERS has gone through a tortuous pathway to develop into a powerful diagnostic technique. We then describe the principle of SERS and enhancement mechanisms, illustrating that SERS is mainly surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and nanostructure‐enhancement phenomenon. The SERS measurement procedures, in particular the preparation of various SERS active substrates, are discussed. Based on the four important criteria in analytical science, i.e. detection sensitivity (energetic, spatial, and temporal), resolution, generality, and reliability, we highlight two different approaches to utilize the strength and offset the weakness of SERS. With the enormously high sensitivity and spectral resolution, SERS has been applied successfully to surface analysis and trace analysis by gaining meaningful information from an extremely small quantity of species even down to single molecules. To significantly improve the surface generality and spatial resolution, tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) was invented in 2000. To greatly improve the material generality and measurement reliability, shell‐isolated nanoparticle‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS) was introduced in 2010. Finally, prospective developments of SERS in substrates, methods, and theory are briefly discussed.
Optically Transparent Multiscale Composite Films for Flexible and Wearable Electronics
Authors: Lim Young‐Woo , Jin Jungho , Bae Byeong‐Soo
Published: March 2020

One of the key breakthroughs enabling flexible electronics with novel form factors is the deployment of flexible polymer films in place of brittle glass, which is one of the major structural materials for conventional electronic devices. Flexible electronics requires polymer films with the core properties of glass (i.e., dimensional stability and transparency) while retaining the pliability of the polymer, which, however, is fundamentally intractable due to the mutually exclusive nature of these characteristics. An overview of a transparent fiber‐reinforced polymer, which is suggested as a potentially viable structural material for emerging flexible/wearable electronics, is provided. This includes material concept and fabrication and a brief review of recent research progress on its applications over the past decade.
2D MXene–TiO2 Core–Shell Nanosheets as a Data‐Storage Medium in Memory Devices
Authors: Lyu Benzheng , Choi Yongsuk , Jing Hongyue , Qian Chuan , Kang Hyunseok , Lee Sungjoo , Cho Jeong Ho
Published: March 2020

MXenes, an emerging class of 2D transition metal carbides and nitrides with the general formula Mn+1XnTx (n = 1–4), have potential for application as floating gates in memory devices because of their intrinsic properties of a 2D structure, high density‐of‐states, and high work function. In this study, a series of MXene–TiO2 core–shell nanosheets are synthesized by deterministic control of the surface oxidation of MXene. The floating gate (multilayer MXene) and tunneling layer (TiO2) in a nano‐floating‐gate transistor memory (NFGTM) device are prepared simultaneously by a facile, low‐cost, and water‐based process. The memory performance is optimized via adjustment of the thickness of the oxidation layer formed on the MXene surface. The fabricated MXene NFGTMs exhibit excellent nonvolatile memory characteristics, including a large memory window (>35.2 V), high programming/erasing current ratio (≈106), low off‐current (<1 pA), long retention (>104 s), and cyclic endurance (300 cycles). Furthermore, synaptic functions, including the excitatory postsynaptic current/inhibitory postsynaptic current, paired‐pulse facilitation, and synaptic plasticity (long‐term potentiation/depression), are successfully emulated using the MXene NFGTMs. The successful control of MXene oxidation and its application to NFGTMs are expected to inspire the application of MXene as a data‐storage medium in future memory devices.
Optimization of the Pore Structures of MOFs for Record High Hydrogen Volumetric Working Capacity
Authors: Zhang Xin , Lin Rui‐Biao , Wang Jing , Wang Bin , Liang Bin , Yildirim Taner , Zhang Jian , Zhou Wei , Chen Banglin
Published: March 2020

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising materials for onboard hydrogen storage thanks to the tunable pore size, pore volume, and pore geometry. In consideration of pore structures, the correlation between the pore volume and hydrogen storage capacity is examined and two empirical equations are rationalized to predict the hydrogen storage capacity of MOFs with different pore geometries. The total hydrogen adsorption under 100 bar and 77 K is predicted as ntot= 0.085× Vp − 0.013× Vp2 for cage‐type MOFs and ntot= 0.076× Vp − 0.011× Vp2 for channel‐type MOFs, where Vp is the pore volume of corresponding MOFs. The predictions by these empirical equations are validated by several MOFs with an average deviation of 5.4%. Compared with a previous equation for activated carbon materials, the empirical equations demonstrate superior accuracy especially for MOFs with high surface area (i.e., SBET over ≈3000 m2 g−1). Guided by these empirical equations, a highly porous Zr‐MOF NPF‐200 (NPF: Nebraska Porous Framework) is examined to possess outstanding hydrogen total adsorption capacity (65.7 mmol g−1) at 77 K and record high volumetric working capacity of 37.2 g L−1 between 100 and 5 bar at 77 K.
Liquid‐Crystal‐Mediated Active Waveguides toward Programmable Integrated Optics
Authors: Wei Ting , Chen Peng , Tang Ming‐Jie , Wu Guang‐Xing , Chen Zhao‐Xian , Shen Zhi‐Xiong , Ge Shi‐Jun , Xu Fei , Hu Wei , Lu Yan‐Qing
Published: March 2020

Optics, playing an ever‐important role in life, is developing toward miniaturization and integration. Particularly, the field programming of integrated optics will benefit its functionality and durability, thus is highly pursued. Here, through precisely controlling the space‐variant orientations of anisotropic liquid crystals (LCs), various graded‐index waveguides are demonstrated in a homogeneous medium. Straight/bending waveguides and ring resonators are fabricated via LC photopatterning. They exhibit pronounced polychromatic light‐guiding performance. Thanks to their intrinsic external‐stimuli responsivity, the thermal switchability and polarization tunability are verified. By selectively polymerizing, robust functional components and active connecting waveguides can be realized on the same chip. It provides a practical and universal solution to programmable integrated optics, and extends the applications of microstructured soft matter even in wearable photonics.
Semi‐Flooded Sulfur Cathode with Ultralean Absorbed Electrolyte in Li–S Battery
Authors: Xie Yong , Pan Guoyu , Jin Qiang , Qi Xiaoqun , Wang Tan , Li Wei , Xu Hui , Zheng Yuheng , Li Sa , Qie Long , Huang Yunhui , Li Ju
Published: March 2020

Lean electrolyte (small E/S ratio) is urgently needed to achieve high practical energy densities in Li–S batteries, but there is a distinction between the cathode's absorbed electrolyte (AE) which is cathode‐intrinsic and total added electrolyte (E) which depends on cell geometry. While total pore volume in sulfur cathodes affects AE/S and performance, it is shown here that pore morphology, size, connectivity, and fill factor all matter. Compared to conventional thermally dried sulfur cathodes that usually render “open lakes” and closed pores, a freeze‐dried and compressed (FDS‐C) sulfur cathode is developed with a canal‐capillary pore structure, which exhibits high mean performance and greatly reduces cell‐to‐cell variation, even at high sulfur loading (14.2 mg cm−2) and ultralean electrolyte condition (AE/S = 1.2 µL mg−1). Interestingly, as AE/S is swept from 2 to 1.2 µL mg−1, the electrode pores go from fully flooded to semi‐flooded, and the coin cell still maintains function until (AE/S)min ≈ 1.2 µL mg−1 is reached. When scaled up to Ah‐level pouch cells, the full‐cell energy density can reach 481 Wh kg−1 as its E/S ≈ AE/S ratio can be reduced to 1.2 µL mg−1, proving high‐performance pouch cells can actually be working in the ultralean, semi‐flooded regime.
Unraveling the Rapid Redox Behavior of Li‐Excess 3d‐Transition Metal Oxides for High Rate Capability
Authors: Jin Wooyoung , Myeong Seungjun , Hwang Jaeseong , Jang Haeseong , Sung Jaekyung , Yoo Youngshin , Kim Min Gyu , Cho Jaephil
Published: March 2020

Li‐excess 3d‐transition metal layered oxides are promising candidates in high‐energy‐density cathode materials for improving the mileage of electric vehicles. However, their low rate capability has hindered their practical application. The lack of understanding about the redox reactions and migration behavior at high C‐rates make it difficult to design Li‐excess materials with high rate capability. In this study, the characteristics of the atomic behavior that is predominant at fast charge/discharge are investigated by comparing cation‐ordered and cation‐disordered materials using X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The difference in the atomic arrangement determines the dominance of the transition metal/oxygen redox reaction and the variations in transition metal–oxygen hybridization. In‐depth electrochemical analysis is combined with operando XAS analysis to reveal electronically and structurally preferred atomic behavior when a redox reaction occurs between oxygen and each transition metal under fast charge/discharge conditions. This provides a fundamental insight into the improvement of rate capability. Furthermore, this work provides guidance for identifying high‐energy‐density materials with complex structural properties.
Hydrogel Actuator with a Built‐In Stimulator Using Liquid Metal for Local Control
Authors: Matsubara Ken , Tachibana Daiki , Matsuda Ryosuke , Onoe Hiroaki , Fuchiwaki Ohmi , Ota Hiroki
Published: March 2020

Hydrogel actuators, comprising gels that convert external stimuli into mechanical motion for actuation, are attracting attention for their promising applications, such as in robotics. The driving force is the absorption or release of water or another solvent, which results in swelling and shrinking motions, leading in turn to more complex functionalities. However, practical hydrogel actuators that can be controlled locally, such as ones that allow local actuation around the joints in rigid‐bodied robots, do not exist. Herein, the driving target of a thermo‐responsive hydrogel, poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide), is integrated with the stimulation module using a liquid metal. The stimulation module provides heat as an external stimulus to the hydrogel actuator. The motion of the actuator is triggered by the heat supplied by an ultrasoft hydrogel coil, with liquid metal surrounding the driving target. The heat generated by current flowing through the liquid metal changes the temperature only around the desired part of the actuator, which enables the electrical control of an individual part of the hydrogel actuator. The concept of integrating the driving target and stimulator is expected to facilitate functional movement of actuators and expand the range of potential applications of hydrogels.
A new look at neurobehavioral development in rhesus monkey neonates (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Paukner Annika , Capitanio John P. , Blozis Shelley A.
Published: March 2020

The Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) evaluates a newborn infant's autonomic, motor, state, temperament, and social‐attentional systems, which can help to identify infants at risk of developmental problems. Given the prevalence of rhesus monkeys being used as an animal model for human development, here we aimed to validate a standardized test battery modeled after the NBAS for use with nonhuman primates called the Infant Behavioral Assessment Scale (IBAS), employing exploratory structural equation modeling using a large sample of rhesus macaque neonates (n = 1,056). Furthermore, we examined the repeated assessments of the common factors within the same infants to describe any changes in performance over time, taking into account two independent variables (infant sex and rearing condition) that can potentially affect developmental outcomes. Results revealed three factors (Orientation, State Control, and Motor Activity) that all increased over the 1st month of life. While infant sex did not have an effect on any factor, nursery‐rearing led to higher scores on Orientation but lower scores on State Control and Motor Activity. These results validate the IBAS as a reliable and valuable research tool for use with rhesus macaque infants and suggest that differences in rearing conditions can affect developmental trajectories and potentially pre‐expose infants to heightened levels of cognitive and emotional deficiencies.
Influences of passive intervertebral range of motion on cervical vertebral form
Authors: Grider‐Potter Neysa , Nalley Thierra K. , Thompson Nathan E. , Goto Ryosuke , Nakano Yoshihiko
Published: March 2020

Objectives

The cervical spine is the junction between the head and trunk, and it therefore facilitates head mobility and stability. The goal of this study is to test several predictions regarding cervical morphology and intervertebral ranges of motion.

Materials and Methods

Intervertebral ranges of motion for 12 primate species were collected via radiographs or taken from the literature. Morphometric data describing functionally relevant aspects of cervical vertebral morphology were obtained from museum specimens representing these species. We tested for correlations between intervertebral movement and vertebral form using phylogenetic generalized least‐squares regression.

Results

Results demonstrate limited support for the hypothesis that range of motion (ROM) is influenced by cervical vertebral morphology. Few morphological variables correlate with ROM and no relationship is consistently significant across cervical joints.

Discussion

These results indicate that the relationship between vertebral morphology and joint ranges of motion is, at most, weak, providing little support the use of bony morphology to reconstruct axial mobility in fossil specimens. Future work should investigate the role of soft tissues in vertebral joint stability.
Past, present, and future of palliative care in emergency medicine in the USA
Authors: George Naomi , Bowman Jason , Aaronson Emily , Ouchi Kei
Published: March 2020

The emergency department (ED) provides immediate access to medical care for patients and families in times of need. Increasingly, older patients with serious illness seek care in the ED, hoping for relief from symptoms and suffering associated with advanced disease. Until recently, emergency medicine (EM) clinicians have been ill‐equipped to meet the needs of patients with serious illness, and palliative services have been largely unavailable in the ED. However, in the past decade, there has been growing recognition from within both the EM and palliative medicine communities on the importance of palliative care provision in the ED. The past 10 years have seen a surge in EM–palliative care training and education, quality improvement projects, and research. As a result, the practice paradigm within EM for the seriously ill has begun to shift to incorporate more palliative care practices. Despite this progress, substantial work has yet to be done in terms of identifying ED patients in need of palliative care, training EM clinicians to provide high‐quality primary palliative care, creating pathways for ED referral to palliative care and hospice, and researching the outcomes and impact of palliative care provision on patients with serious illness in the ED.
Blood Pressure Goals and Clinical Outcomes after Successful Endovascular Therapy: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Anadani Mohammad , Arthur Adam S. , Tsivgoulis Georgios , Simpson Kit N. , Alawieh Ali , Orabi Yser , Goyal Nitin , Alexandrov Andrei V. , Maier Ilko L. , Psychogios Marios‐Nikos , Liman Jan , Brinton Daniel , Swisher Christa B. , Shah Shreyash , Inamullah Ovais , Keyrouz Salah , Kansagra Akash P. , Allen Michelle , Giles James A. , Wolfe Stacey Q. , Fargen Kyle M. , Gory Benjamin , De Marini Pierre , Kan Peter , Nascimento Fábio A. , Almallouhi Eyad , Petersen Nils , Kodali Sreeja , Rahman Shareena , Richard Sébastien , Spiotta Alejandro M.
Published: March 2020

Objective

Elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) after successful revascularization (SR) via endovascular therapy (EVT) is a known predictor of poor outcome. However, the optimal SBP goal following EVT is still unknown. Our objective was to compare functional and safety outcomes between different SBP goals after EVT with SR.

Methods

This international multicenter study included 8 comprehensive stroke centers and patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion who were treated with EVT and achieved SR. SR was defined as modified thrombolysis in cerebral ischemia 2b to 3. Patients were divided into 3 groups based on SBP goal in the first 24 hours after EVT. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) propensity analysis was used to assess the effect of different SBP goals on clinical outcomes.

Results

A total of 1,019 patients were included. On IPTW analysis, the SBP goal of <140mmHg was associated with a higher likelihood of good functional outcome and lower odds of hemicraniectomy compared to SBP goal of <180mmHg. Similarly, SBP goal of <160mmHg was associated with lower odds of mortality compared to SBP goal of <180mmHg. In subgroup analysis including only patients with pre‐EVT SBP of ≥140mmHg, an SBP of <140mmHg was associated with a higher likelihood of good functional outcome, lower odds of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, and lower odds of requirement for hemicraniectomy compared to SBP goal of <180mmHg.

Interpretation

SBP goals of <140 and < 160mmHg following SR with EVT appear to be associated with better clinical outcomes than SBP of <180mmHg. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:830–839
Comment on “Photo‐Controlled Reversible Microtubule Assembly Mediated by Paclitaxel‐Modified Cyclodextrin”
Authors: Thorn‐Seshold Oliver
Published: March 2020

In dieser Korrespondenz werden einige Fragen zum Studienaufbau und zur Dateninterpretation in einer kürzlich in dieser Zeitschrift erschienenen Zuschrift diskutiert. Ein alternativer Interpretationsvorschlag in Einklang mit der aktuellen Literatur legt nahe, dass sich die beschriebenen Verbindungen in zellfreiem oder zellulärem Umfeld nicht so verhalten wie beschrieben.
DNA Framework‐Based Topological Cell Sorters
Authors: Yin Fangfei , Li Min , Mao Xiuhai , Li Fan , Xiang Xuelin , Li Qian , Wang Lihua , Zuo Xiaolei , Fan Chunhai , Zhu Ying
Published: March 2020

Molecular recognition in cell biological process is characterized with specific locks‐and‐keys interactions between ligands and receptors, which are ubiquitously distributed on cell membrane with topological clustering. Few topologically‐engineered ligand systems enable the exploration of the binding strength between ligand‐receptor topological organization. Herein, we generate topologically controlled ligands by developing a family of tetrahedral DNA frameworks (TDFs), so the multiple ligands are stoichiometrically and topologically arranged. This topological control of multiple ligands changes the nature of the molecular recognition by inducing the receptor clustering, so the binding strength is significantly improved (ca. 10‐fold). The precise engineering of topological complexes formed by the TDFs are readily translated into effective binding control for cell patterning and binding strength control of cells for cell sorting. This work paves the way for the development of versatile design of topological ligands.
Regioselective Insertion of Aluminum(I) in the cyclo‐P5 Ring of Pentaphosphaferrocene
Authors: Yadav Ravi , Simler Thomas , Goswami Bhupendra , Schoo Christoph , Köppe Ralf , Dey Subhayan , Roesky Peter W.
Published: March 2020

A route to directly access mixed Al–Fe polyphosphide complexes was developed. The reactivity of pentaphosphaferrocene, [Cp*Fe(η5‐P5)] (Cp*=C5Me5), with two different low‐valent aluminum compounds was investigated. The steric and electronic environment around the [AlI] centre are found to be crucial for the formation of the resulting Al–Fe polyphosphides. Reaction with the sterically demanding [Dipp‐BDIAlI] (Dipp‐BDI={[2,6‐iPr2C6H3NCMe]2CH}−) resulted in the first Al‐based neutral triple‐decker type polyphosphide complex. For [(Cp*AlI)4], an unprecedented regioselective insertion of three [Cp*AlIII]2+ moieties into two adjacent P−P bonds of the cyclo‐P5 ring of [Cp*Fe(η5‐P5)] was observed. The regioselectivity of the insertion reaction could be rationalized by isolating an analogue of the reaction intermediate stabilized by a strong σ‐donor carbene.
Evolved, Selective Erasers of Distinct Lysine Acylations
Authors: Spinck Martin , Neumann‐Staubitz Petra , Ecke Maria , Gasper Raphael , Neumann Heinz
Published: March 2020

Lysine acylations, a family of diverse protein modifications varying in acyl‐group length, charge, and saturation, are linked to many important physiological processes. Only a small set of substrate‐promiscuous lysine acetyltransferases and deacetylases (KDACs) install and remove this vast variety of modifications. Engineered KDACs that remove only one type of acylation would help to dissect the different contributions of distinct acylations. We developed a bacterial selection system for the directed evolution of KDACs and identified variants up to 400 times more selective for butyryl‐lysine compared to crotonyl‐lysine. Structural analyses revealed that the enzyme adopts different conformational states depending on the type of acylation of the bound peptide. We used the butyryl‐selective KDAC variant to shift the cellular acylation spectrum towards increased lysine crotonylation. These new enzymes will help in dissecting the roles of different lysine acylations in cell physiology.
Palladium supported on metal–organic framework as a catalyst for the hydrogenation of nitroarenes under mild conditions
Authors: Bao Lingxiang , Yu Zongbao , Fei Teng , Yan Zhiyuan , Li Jiazhe , Sun Chenghui , Pang Siping
Published: March 2020

Sustainable development demands an environmentally friendly and efficient method for the hydrogenation of organic molecules, including the hydrogenation of functionalized nitroarenes. In this study, a highly active and selective metal–organic framework‐supported palladium catalyst was prepared for the catalytic hydrogenation of nitroarenes. High selectivity (>99%) and excellent yield (98%) of aniline were realized after 2 hours in ethanol under hydrogen (1 atm) at room temperature. The reductions were successfully carried out in the presence of a wide range of other reducible functional groups. More importantly, the catalyst was very stable without the loss of its catalytic activity after five cycles.
Copper/Schiff‐base complex immobilized on amine functionalized silica mesoporous magnetic nanoparticles under solvent‐free condition: A facile and new avenue for the synthesis of thiazolidin‐4‐ones
Authors: Fekri Leila Zare , Zeinali Shohreh
Published: March 2020

A copper/Schiff‐base complex supported on amine‐functionalized silica mesoporous magnetic nanoparticles was prepared as novel magnetically interphase nanoparticles and its morphology and structure were evaluated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, zeta potential, and a vibrating sample magnetometer. The catalytic activity of the synthesized nanoparticles was evaluated for the synthesis of thiazolidine‐4‐ones.
Mechanically Robust and Broadband Blackbody Composite Films Based on Self‐Assembled Layered Structures
Authors: Yan Jun , Wu Mengjiao , Han Yi , Chen Yulan , Liu Mingjie
Published: March 2020

Inspired by nacre that is mechanically strong and versatile in light manipulation, large‐scale black films with a nacre‐like microstructure and carbon nanotube inclusion were prepared using a facile self‐assembly technique. A layered structure promoting blackness and toughness simultaneously was realized, affording robust films with a solar–absorptivity as high as 96.9%. Our design strategy and fabrication process will be beneficial for the facile access to various advanced blackbody coatings.
Ebenensystem zur Resilienzbewertung kritischer Verkehrsinfrastrukturen am Beispiel der Wasserstraßen
Authors: Wehrle Rebecca , Wiens Marcus , Schultmann Frank , Akkermann Jan , Bödefeld Jörg
Published: March 2020

Verkehrsinfrastrukturen sind elementarer Bestandteil der heutigen global vernetzten Welt. Dennoch werden diese wichtigen Infrastrukturen in vielen Ländern zunehmend strukturell anfälliger, weil sie oft von Überalterung und einem zunehmenden Instandhaltungsrückstau geprägt sind. Insbesondere im Bereich der Wasserstraßen sind zudem die Kenntnisse über die Anfälligkeit der Bauwerke und das Gefahrenpotenzial bei Versagen oder aktiver Zerstörung lückenhaft oder veraltet. Es besteht akuter Handlungsbedarf hinsichtlich einer Steigerung der Resilienz einzelner Bauwerke und somit des gesamten Systems Wasserstraße als kritische Verkehrsinfrastruktur. Hierzu wird im Rahmen der Sicherheitsforschung der Bundesrepublik Deutschland ein systemischer Ansatz entwickelt, der die Ableitung einer risikobasierten Instandhaltungsstrategie ermöglicht. Risikoanalysen bewerten die Vulnerabilität unterschiedlicher Bauwerkstypen und identifizieren gefährdete Verkehrswasserbauwerke anhand der Bewertung der Versagensfolgen. Die Versagensfolgen reichen dabei von Funktionsausfällen einzelner Bauwerke über wirtschaftliche Schäden durch sinkende Transportleistungen im Güterverkehr bis hin zu Gefährdungen für die Bevölkerung, die mit dem Versagen der Wasserstraßeninfrastruktur einhergehen.
GTP hydrolysis is modulated by Arg34 in the RASopathy‐associated KRASP34R
Authors: Bera Asim K. , Lu Jia , Lu Chunya , Li Lianbo , Gondi Sudershan , Yan Wei , Nelson Andrew , Zhang Goujun , Westover Kenneth D.
Published: March 2020

RAS proteins are commonly mutated in cancerous tumors, but germline RAS mutations are also found in RASopathy syndromes such as Noonan syndrome (NS) and cardiofaciocutaneous (CFC) syndrome. Activating RAS mutations can be subclassified based on their activating mechanisms. Understanding the structural basis for these mechanisms may provide clues for how to manage associated health conditions. We determined high‐resolution X‐ray structures of the RASopathy mutant KRASP34R seen in NS and CFCS. GTP and GDP‐bound KRASP34R crystallized in multiple forms, with each lattice consisting of multiple protein conformations. In all GTP‐bound conformations, the switch regions are not compatible with GAP binding, suggesting a structural mechanism for the GAP insensitivity of this RAS mutant. However, GTP‐bound conformations are compatible with intrinsic nucleotide hydrolysis, including one that places R34 in a position analogous to the GAP arginine finger or intrinsic arginine finger found in heterotrimeric G proteins, which may support intrinsic GTP hydrolysis. We also note that the affinity between KRASP34R and RAF‐RBD is decreased, suggesting another possible mechanism for dampening of RAS signaling. These results may provide a foothold for development of new mutation‐specific strategies to address KRASP34R‐driven diseases.
Synthetic Methods of Isocoumarins and Phosphaisocoumarins through CH Activation
Authors: Son Jeong‐Yu , Maeng Chanyoung , Lee Phil Ho
Published: March 2020

The synthetic methods of isocoumarins and phosphaisocoumarins from the C‐H activation reaction of aromatic compounds having carboxylic acid and phosphoryl groups as directing groups activation with alkynes, vinyl acetates, cyclic 2‐diazo‐1,3‐diketones, benzoquinone‐1,3‐dienes, bromoalkynes, and epoxides were reviewed. CH activation followed by oxidative cyclization using aromatic carboxylic acids affords isocoumarin derivatives in good to excellent yields in the presence of a variety of transition metal catalysts such as rhodium, iridium, cobalt, ruthenium, and palladium. In addition, the synthetic methods used for obtaining phosphaisocoumarins were accessed using phosphoryl groups as directing groups through CH activation catalyzed by rhodium, ruthenium, and palladium.
Preparation, statistical optimization and characterization of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) fermented by Cupriavidus necator utilizing various hydrolysates of alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides) as a sole carbon source
Authors: Zhang Youwei , Li Tingting , Shen Yingbin , Wang Li , Zhang Hui , Qian Haifeng , Qi Xiguang
Published: March 2020

Alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides) is a stoloniferous, amphibious and perennial herb which has invaded many parts of the world and led to serious environmental and ecological problems. In order to exploit cheap carbon source for poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) production, alligator weed hydrolysates were prepared by acid and enzyme treatment and used for PHB production via Cupriavidus necator. The bacterium utilized alligator weed enzymatic hydrolysate and produced the PHB concentration of 3.8 ± 0.2 g/L at the conditions of pH 7.0, 27.5°C, 1.5 g/L of nitrogen source, and 25 g/L of carbon source, this exceeded the value of 2.1 ± 0.1 g/L from acid hydrolysate media at the same conditions. In order to obtain the optimum conditions of PHB production, response surface methodology was employed which improved PHB content. The optimum conditions for PHB production are as follows: carbon source, 34 g/L; nitrogen source, 2 g/L; pH, 7; temperature, 28°C. After 72 hr of incubation, the bacterium produced 8.5 g/L of dry cell weight and 4.8 g/L of PHB. The PHB was subjected to Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Molecular weight analysis and found the melting temperature, number average molecular mass, and polydispersity were 168.20°C, 185 kDa, and 2.1, respectively.