Development of an Innovative web-DSS Tool for sustainable groundwater resource management
Authors: Lyronis Antonios , Varouchakis Emmanouil , Godoy Vanessa A , Uribe-Asarta Janire , Secci Daniele , Todaro Valeria , D'Oria Marco , Maria Giovanna Tanda , Zanini Andrea , Jomaa Seifeddine , Copty Nadim , Karatzas George P , Gómez-Hernández Jaime 
Published: March 2024

In the Mediterranean region, groundwater is a crucial drinking and irrigation source. However, the sustainability of this vital resource is often jeopardized by overuse and the impact of climate change. It is, therefore, crucial for decision-makers to have basic tools for managing aquifers.In this study, a Decision Support System (DSS) tool is developed to support the sustainable management of groundwater resources. The DSS tool is demonstrated using surrogate groundwater models developed for five sites in the Mediterranean region under the scope of the European project InTheMED, promoted by the PRIMA program. The DSS tool (Varouchakis et al., 2023) works within a fuzzy logic framework and is available online (http://147.27.70.139:9988/webapps/home/).The DSS operation employs data-driven techniques tailored based on the case study and data availability.The Random Forest method (Godoy et al., 2022) is used for the Requena-Utiel area (Spain), Artificial Neural Networks (Todaro et al., 2023) for the Konya basin (T&#252;rkiye), while spatio-temporal geostatistical modelling is applied to the Tympaki site (Greece) (Lino Pereira et al., 2023). For the Grombalia (Tunisia) and Castro Verde (Portugal) sites, the surrogate models are developed using a statistical approach based on regression models (Secci et al., 2021).The DSS tool is used to classify the vulnerability of the demo sites using a fuzzy clustering method. The clustering algorithm inputs the difference or absolute difference in groundwater levels between two scenarios the user selects. These scenarios are defined by changing parameters related to climate scenarios, groundwater pumping, and simulation periods. The output clusters groundwater vulnerability areas, reflecting variations in climate conditions and groundwater utilization across different time horizons. The DSS tool can classify the sites into six categories: very low, low, low to medium, medium to high, high, and very high vulnerability. Based on this information, groundwater managers can decide on remediation measures related to groundwater use and apply them to areas in the same cluster. The tool is freely accessible and readily transferred to other regions for policy and educational purposes.&#160;AcknowledgmentInTheMED project, which is part of the PRIMA Programme supported by the European Union&#8217;s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No 1923.&#160;ReferencesGodoy, V. A., Uribe-Asarta J. G&#243;mez-Hern&#225;ndez, J. J. (2022). Innovative and accessible tool to support groundwater management in the Requena-Utiel and Cabrillas-Malacara aquifers in Spain. IAHR Europe Congress. Athens, Greece.Lino Pereira, J., Varouchakis, E. A., Karatzas, G. P., &amp; Azevedo, L. (2024). Uncertainty Quantification in Geostatistical Modelling of Saltwater Intrusion at a Coastal Aquifer System. Mathematical Geosciences, 1-19.Secci, D., Tanda, M.G., D&#8217;Oria, M., Todaro, V., Fagandini, C., (2021). Impacts of climate change on groundwater droughts by means of standardized indices and regional climate models. J. Hydrol. 603, 127154.Todaro, V., Secci, D., D'Oria, M., Tanda, M. G., &amp; Zanini, A. (2023). InTheMed D3.2 Report on Surrogate Models in the Case Studies (Version 3). Zenodo.Varouchakis, E., Lyronis, A., Anyfanti, I., &amp; Karatzas, G. (2023). InTheMED D6.3 Atlas of the Maps Produced Using the DSS (1.1). Zenodo.