bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of cacao-pudding as a probiotic food carrier and sensory acceptability properties
Authors: IRKIN Reyhan , GULDAS Metin
Published: December 2023

A number of health benefits have been claimed for probiotic bacteria such as Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus casei. These benefits include anti-mutagenic effects, anti-carcinogenic properties, improvement in lactose metabolism, reduction in serum cholesterol and immune system stimulation. Because of the potential health benefits, these microorganisms are increasingly being incorporated into dairy foods.    Several studies in recent years have shown the benefits deriving from the ingestion of probiotics and a large number of products containing lactobacilli and bifidobacteria formulated. The purpose of this study was to develop a pudding with cacao to which probiotic microorganisms were added and investigate the viability of probiotic microorganisms during the shelf-life along 25 days at 4 °C. Organoleptic properties of the puddings were also evaluated during the storage. Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis LAFTI B94, Lactobacillus acidophilus LAFTI L10 and Lactobacillus casei LAFTI L26 cultures were activated and incorporated into the product.  Pudding with cacao was shown to be a good vehicle for the delivery of Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus during 15 and 25 days respectively and these microorganisms did not interfere in the sensorial preferences of the product except Lactobacillus casei. The pH values and organoleptic scores of the pudding samples, except Lactobacillus casei LAFTI L26 containing ones, did not change for 20 days during the storage period, statistically (P<0.01). The pudding containing Lactobacillus casei LAFTI L26 was taken the lowest sensorial scores.  The all samples were lost their organoleptic properties at the 25 days of storage period.
Reduction of the lenght of 1 RS.1BL translocation in the bread wheat variety "Yugoslavia"
Authors: SINKOVIČ Tomaž
Published: December 2023

This study was conducted to estimate the survival of 1RS.1BL wheat-rye translocations in a bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.) variety "Yugoslavia" including "Aurora" as a donor of translocation in its pedigree. The cultivar was cytologically checked by N-banding for the presence of 1RS.1BL translocation. Fluorescence in situ hybridization using total genomic biotin labelled rye DNA as a probe was used for identification and localisation of the translocation breakpoints and their size. At metaphase and interphase the introgressed rye segment was observed and photographed. Digital image analysing system with cooled CCD camera was used for overlapping the pictures of the probe signals and counterstained wheat chromosomes and helped to determine the position and extent breakpoint of this translocation. The translocation in this variety is probably restricted to the NOR region only, unlike in other 1RS.BL translocation lines ("Kavkaz") where the translocation carries at least the major part of the 1RS arm.
Genetic and environmental dispersion parameter estimation by test interval method in dairy sheep
Authors: KOMPREJ Andreja , KOMPAN Dragomir , KOVAČ Milena
Published: December 2023

Genetic and environmental parameters for 38 983 test-day records of daily milk yield (DMY), fat (FC) and protein (PC) content, collected between 1994 and 2002, were estimated on 3,068 dairy ewes of the three Slovenian breeds. A multivariate restricted maximum likelihood method was used for estimation, where every test-day record was treated as a different trait. Fixed part of the multitrait animal model for DMY, FC, and PC included breed and lambing season as classes, while stage of lactation, parity, and litter size were covariates. Random part of the model contained additive genetic effect and the effects of flock test month and permanent environment over lactations. Heritability estimates for individual test-days were between 0.10 and 0.23 for DMY, 0.09 and 0.18 for FC, and 0.19 and 0.28 for PC. The flock test month effect explained most of the phenotypic variance: 0.18 to 0.41 for DMY, 0.26 to 0.45 for FC, and 0.24 to 0.44 for PC. A lower variance ratio was explained by the permanent environment effect over lactations: 0.09 to 0.15 for DMY, 0.02 to 0.11 for FC, and 0.02 to 0.09 for PC. Additive genetic correlations between individual test-days were high in all three milk traits for adjacent months of lactation. They decreased when the interval between months of lactation increased. The structure of additive genetic correlations showed that the observed milk traits in the different stages of lactation were genetically not the same trait, since the correlations between distant months of lactation were lower than one.
Medžimurje horse population in Slovenia
Authors: POTOČNIK Klemen , SIMČIČ Mojca , CIVIDINI Angela , ŠALEHAR Andrej , MESARIČ Matjaž , RUS Janez , KAVAR Tatjana , DOVČ Peter
Published: December 2023

In the nineteenth and early twentieth century the Medžimurje horse played an important role as a draft and working horse in the river Mura region. Nowadays, this area is split between Hungary, Austria, Slovenia and Croatia. In the frame of the project "Management of traditional transboundary breeds on example of a nearly forgotten breed the Murinsulaner", we collected data for cold blooded horses similar to the Medžimurje horse. Horses of this type do not exist in Austria anymore, in Croatia they were registered as an authothonous breed »Medjimurje horse«, and in Slovenia and Hungary this horse has a special section in the stud book for cold blooded horses as a Medžimurje type of horse. The Slovenian part of the population of the Medžimurje horse is quite heterogeneous regarding body measures. With respect to the scoring system used in the above mentioned project, the majority of scored animals were classified as »desired« or »satisfactory«. In order to further develop or to preserve this type of horse or to form a consolidated breed we would have to make a breeding program which would prevent mating among related animals and to cooperate with neighbouring countries in the field of breeding and selection. The only hope to preserve this type of horse on the long term in the region is by using it as a tourist attraction for carriage riding and/or as a draft horse in agriculture in marginal regions.
Devetdeset dnevna ločevalna dieta je zaradi deficitov v vnosu hranil nevarna za zdravje
Authors: PODGRAJŠEK Ksenija , PUŠ Tamara , SIMČIČ Marjan
Published: December 2023

Devetdeset dnevna ločevalna dieta je najbolj pogosto uporabljena dieta za izgubljanje telesne mase. Temelji na ločevanju makrohranil znotraj posameznega dneva. Dieta je glede na vnos makrohranil sestavljena iz štirih tipov dni (proteinski dan, sadni dan, škrobni dan in dan ogljikovih hidratov). V raziskavi smo dieto prehransko ovrednotili z uporabo metode ocenjene količine in računalniškim programom Prodi 5.7 ter dobljene podatke primerjali z referenčnimi vrednostmi za vnos hranil. Rezultati so pokazali, da je predvidena povprečna dnevno zaužita količina energije 4196 ± 1483 kJ, kar ne zadosti niti potrebam bazalnega metabolizma povprečne ženske, niti povprečnega moškega. Energijski deleži makrohranil so znotraj posameznega tipa dneva izven priporočenih vrednosti, vendar dieta v povprečju zagotovi uravnoteženo razmerje med njimi. Po pričakovanjih se največ beljakovin zaužije na proteinski dan, kot se tudi na dan ogljikovih hidratov zaužije največ ogljikovih hidratov. Količina zaužitih maščob je nizka in v povprečju predstavlja le 23% dnevne energije. Devetdeset dnevna ločevalna dieta je energijsko revna izbira prehranjevanja za povprečnega posameznika, zato je izgubljanje telesne mase ob njeni uporabi zagotovljeno. Z dieto posameznik v povprečju ne zaužije dovolj prehranske vlaknine, vitaminov B1, B2, biotina, folne kisline, A, D in E ter mineralov kalcija, magnezija in joda. Zaradi naštetih deficitov v vnosu hranil je ta dieta prehransko neustrezna, za zdravje potencialno nevarna in zato njeno dolgotrajno uporabo odsvetujemo.
Animal production systems as a selective environment for antibiotic resistance genes
Authors: AMBROŽIČ AVGUŠTIN Jerneja
Published: December 2023

In the last decade antibiotic usage in animal production systems has received a considerable public attention. The use, overuse and misuse of antibiotics provided an excellent environment for the selection and dissemination of antibiotic resistant bacteria and resistance genes across a wide diversity of bacteria, mainly through horizontal gene transfer. Resistance genes move between animal and human bacteria mainly through the food chain. Thus resistance generated in animal production environments could result in the loss of effectiveness of antibiotics used for the treatment of human diseases. The increasing threat of emerging bacterial pathogens resistant to a variety of antibiotics and the economic and human burden have moved the legislators in EU to ban antibiotic usage in animal food production as growth promoters in 2006 and recently proposed further non-binding recommendations to ban antibiotics for prophylactic use too. The costs for such actions will presumably be much lower in comparison to the costs of leaving the issue as it is. However, in non EU countries such measures have not been adopted yet. The mechanisms and examples of antibiotic resistance development and dissemination are described, focusing on antibiotics used both in human and veterinary medicine and animal food production.
Growth response of broiler chickens fed graded levels of yeast treated raw soya bean and full fat soya bean
Authors: ONWUMELU Ifeoma Jane , OKONKWO Josiah Chidiebere , AKPODIETE Orienru Job
Published: December 2023

The study was designed to determine the effect of replacing Full Fat Soya Bean (FFSB) in parts with Raw Soya Bean (RSB) treated with graded level of yeast in the diet of broiler birds. A total of fifteen diets were formulated whereby RSB replaced FSSB at 0% (control), 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%, but each of these having three levels of treatment with yeast and without yeast as a control. Mean weight gain and final body weight of the broilers followed the same pattern of no differences in treatment means. Results obtained for the entire production period (0–56 days) showed that birds that were fed diet containing 75% FFSB, 25% RSB and 8 g/kg yeast compared favourably with those that were fed the control diet regarding final body weight, weight gain, average daily gain, feed intake, and the feed : gain ratio. Our study revealed that RSB at the levels fed with and without yeast inclusion had no effect on broiler chicken lethality. However, optimal performance was achieved when RSB was fed at 25% with 6 g/kg yeast inclusion at starter phase and at 25% without yeast or 75% with 12 g/kg yeast inclusion at finisher phase.
Effect of feeding system on growth and carcass characteristics of Improved Jezersko-Solčava lambs
Authors: CIVIDINI Angela , KOMPREJ Andreja , KERMAUNER Ajda , KOMPAN Dragomir
Published: December 2023

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of feeding system on growth and carcass characteristics of Improved Jezersko-Solčava (JSR) weaned lambs. Thirty-five lambs (25.48 kg) housed in group pens were divided into four groups and offered different diets which consisted of hay and second harvest in the ratio of 40:60 and a supplement of 650 g concentrate (Diet 1), hay and second harvest in the ratio of 40:60 (Diet 2), hay and 650 g of concentrate (Diet 3), and just hay (Diet 4) for 50 days. Daily intake was calculated by weighting the offered amount and leftovers of concentrate and forage. Daily intake per lamb contained 15.56 MJ, 14.38 MJ, 16.57 MJ, and 12.23 MJ ME for the Diet 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Lambs were slaughtered at 30.77 kg of live weight. Lambs fed Diet 1 reached the highest DG (165.5 g/day), followed by Diet 3 (146.89 g/day), Diet 2 (123.55 g/day) and Diet 4 (75.51 g/day). HCW and CCW were higher in Diet 1 and 3, compared to Diet 2 and 4. Lambs fed Diet 3 had the highest DP (45.35%), followed by Diet 1, 2, and 4 with 44.33, 41.10 and 39.51%, respectively. The lowest kidney-pelvic fat was observed in lambs fed Diet 4 (5.64) and the highest in Diet 3 (7.66). These results demonstrate that fattening of weaned JSR lambs fed by forage-concentrate diets produced heavier carcasses than those only fed by forage, without significant effects on carcass fatness or carcass conformation.
Pesticide residues in samples of apples, lettuce and potatoes from integrated pest management in Slovenia from 2005-2009
Authors: BAŠA ČESNIK Helena , VELIKONJA BOLTA Špela , GREGORČIČ Ana
Published: December 2023

In the period from 2005 to 2009 225 samples of apples, lettuce and potatoes from Slovene producers included in integrated pest management (IPM) were analysed for plant protection product (PPP) residues. The samples were analysed for the presence of more than 200 different active compounds using four analytical methods. In 38.7% of apple samples residues were not detected, 58.6% of apple samples contained residues lower than or equal to Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs) while 2.7% of apple samples exceeded MRLs. In 84.6% of lettuce samples residues were not detected, 12.3% of lettuce samples contained residues lower than or equal to MRLs while 3.1% of lettuce samples exceeded MRLs. In 98.0% of potato samples residues were not detected, 2.0% of potato samples contained residues lower than or equal to MRLs and no potato samples exceeded MRLs. Multiple residues were found only in apples and lettuce. The trend observed during the years was the decrease of sample portion of samples containing multiple residues in apples from 2005 to 2008. The most frequently found active substance in apples and lettuce was dithiocarbamates. In potato only phosalone was found.
Značilnosti diatomejske zemlje kot naravnega insekticida za zatiranje skladiščnih škodljivcev
Authors: ROJHT Helena , HORVAT Aleksander , TRDAN Stanislav
Published: December 2023

Diatomejsko zemljo uporabljajo v številne namene, med drugim tudi kot bioinsekticid za varovanje uskladiščenih pridelkov. Ta zemlja nastane z mletjem sedimentnih kamnin, imenovanih diatomiti. Obstaja veliko vrst diatomejske zemlje, a le zemlje z manj kot 7 % kristalnega SiO2 so primerne za zatiranje škodljivcev. Diatomejska zemlja ni toksična za sesalce, dolgotrajno varuje živež pred škodljivimi žuželkami, za njen nanos se uporablja približno enaka tehnologija kot pri klasičnem nanosu insekticidov in se med predelavo zlahka odstrani z živeža. Med nekaj negativnimi lastnostmi gre izpostaviti dejstvo, da zmanjša hektolitrsko maso zrnja (zniža nasipno gostoto zrnja), ki je glavno merilo kakovosti zrnja. Diatomejska zemlja ima velik absorpcijski potencial in se veže na epikutikularne voske žuželk, zato deluje praktično na vse škodljivce, ki imajo kutikulo zaščiteno z voski.
Collection and genetic characterization of Vitis vinifera ’ Žilavka’ by microsatellites and AFLP markers
Authors: TOMIĆ Lidija , ŠTAJNER Nataša , JOVANOVIĆ CVETKOVIĆ Tatjana , CVETKOVIĆ Miljan , JAVORNIK Branka
Published: December 2023

‘Žilavka’ has been grown in Bosnia and Herzegovina since the XIVth century and is exploited for wine production. Although not sufficiently studied, this grapevine cultivar has high economic potential for the country. Five survey missions resulted in the collection of eighty ‘Žilavka’ accessions that varied in terms of names and characteristics. Because of the unknown origin of the cultivar, these accessions were analyzed with microsatellites markers in order to obtain a standard ‘Žilavka’ genotype. AFLP markers were used to investigate the genetic basis of variability within the cultivar. ‘Žilavka’ grapevines were screened on 14 microsatellite loci, thus revealing 4 different genotypes arising from mutations observed at 10 polymorphic loci. AFLP analysis of 52 ‘Žilavka’ accessions revealed 35 different genotypes, with an average polymorphism of 57 %. Cluster analysis showed no grouping of different Žilavka accessions according to their names, characteristics or collection locations. The standard ‘Žilavka’ genotype was further compared to 211 cultivars from Slovenia (49), Austria/Germany (20), France (13), Portugal (27), Croatia (19), Greece (32), Spain (21) and Italy (30) in order to assess their genetic relationships. In pairwise comparisons, the highest genetic similarity was found with Slovenian cultivars ‘Glera’ and ‘Briška Glera’ (64 %) and the highest genetic dissimilarity (100 %) with two Italian cultivars, ‘Nebbiolo Lampia’ and ‘Vespolina’. Inventory, collection and genetic characterization of ‘Žilavka’ accessions are important steps towards cultivar standardization, identification of parental cultivars and investigation of cultivar origin, required for its sustainable use.
Pisana polonica (Harmonia axyridis [Pallas], Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) - invazivna koristna vrsta
Authors: LAZNIK Žiga , MILEVOJ Lea , TRDAN Stanislav
Published: December 2023

V začetku novembra 2011 smo v okolici Ljubljane na zidovih posameznih stanovanjskih hiš opazili množičen pojav polonic. Nekaj primerkov smo izlovili, da bi določili vrsto. Na podlagi stereomikroskopskega pregleda in ob uporabi dostopne literature smo potrdili vrsto Harmonia axyridis (Pallas). Vrsta pri nas še nima slovenskega poimenovanja, zato v tem prispevku predlagamo uporabo imena pisana polonica, ki izhaja iz angleškega poimenovanja Harlequin ladybird. V prispevku je opisana bionomija vrste in njen pomen za Slovenijo. Pisana polonica je bila v Evropo vnesena z namenom uporabe v biotičnem varstvu rastlin. V nekaterih državah poročajo o škodljivem hranjenju odraslih osebkov pisane polonice z mehkimi plodovi nekaterih sadnih vrst, kot tudi grozdnimi jagodami. Vrsta H. axyridis postaja nadležna v urbanem prostoru. Nekateri tuji viri navajajo, da s svojimi izločki onesnažuje zidove in opremo, povzroča lahko tudi alergijske reakcije pri ljudeh.
Genska banka koruze v Sloveniji
Authors: ROZMAN Ludvik
Published: December 2023

Genska banka koruze na Oddelku za agronomijo Biotehniške fakultete v Ljubljani je ena od najstarejših in najobsežnejših genskih bank kmetijskih rastlin v Sloveniji. Prve populacije, ki jih hranimo so bile nabrane že v začetku 50. let. Trenutno hranimo v genski banki skupno 587 genotipov koruze, od katerih je največ domačih populacij trdink ter iz njih vzgojenih samooplodnih linij z različno stopnjo homozigotnosti. Njen glavni namen je ohraniti živost oz. kalivost hranjenega genskega materiala. Ker ga hranimo na srednjeročni način (pri temp. 4-6 °C, z do 8 % vlage v zrnju), ki zagotavlja ustrezno kalivost približno 20 let, je za dolgoročno ohranjanje živosti genskega materiala, le-tega potrebno kontinuirano obnavljati in razmnoževati na selekcijskem polju z ročno izolacijo in opraševanjem. Z obnavljanjem genotipov poteka istočasno tudi opis in vrednotenje po deskriptorjih IPGRI ter v sklopu drugih projektov še dodatno proučevanje na druge gospodarske lastnosti, pomembne za velik in kakovosten pridelek. Rezultati vrednotenja in proučevanja dokazujejo, da hranimo vreden material, ki bi ga v bodoče bilo potrebno intenzivneje vključiti v žlahtnjenje novih kultivarjev.
Genska banka krmnih rastlin na Kmetijskem inštitutu Slovenije
Authors: VERBIČ Janko , MEGLIČ Vladimir
Published: December 2023

Začetki načrtnega zbiranja trav in metuljnic segajo v 50 leta prejšnjega stoletja, ko so iz zbranega materiala kasneje požlahtnili prve slovenske sorte trav in metuljnic. V prispevku je poleg zgodovine prikazano sedanje delo genske banke krmnih rastlin in nekateri rezultati vrednotenja genskih virov v zadnjem desetletju. Za najprimernejši način zbiranja genskih virov so se pokazale večdnevne odprave, katerih cilj so lahko travniki ali kmetije, ki še pridelujejo lokalne populacije oziroma stare sorte kmetijskih rastlin. Trenutno v genski banki hranimo 761 vzorcev krmnih rastlin, od tega je 281 metuljnic, 352 trav, 73 travniških zeli in 55 krmnih poljščin. Večina krmnih rastlin je tujeprašnih, kar otežuje množenje vzorcev zaradi potrebe po prostorski izolaciji. Obnova starih vzorcev je in bo v prihodnje velik izziv tudi naše genske banke. Pri ocenjevanjih travniškega mačjega repa (Phleum pratense), navadne pasje trave (Dactylis glomerata L.), plazeče detelje (Trifolium repens L.), navadne nokote (Lotus corniculatus L.) in navadne turške detelje (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) smo med posameznimi ekotipi ugotovili dokaj veliko morfološko raznolikost. Ekotipi se med seboj razlikujejo tudi po kemijski sestavi, krmni vrednosti in drugih agronomskih lastnostih.
Slovenska genska banka žlahtne vinske trte
Authors: PELENGIĆ Radojko , KORUZA Boris
Published: December 2023

Zbiranje in ohranjanje genskega fonda rodu Vitis je pomembna naloga, ki smo se je v Sloveniji načrtno lotili leta 1980. Možnost izbire med različnimi genotipi omogoča nadaljevanje žlahtniteljskega dela, tako glede selekcije (odbire klonov žlahtne vinske trte), kot tudi glede vključevanja zanimivih lastnosti v že obstoječe genetske kombinacije (pridobivanje odpornejših sort). Predvsem pri starih domačih sortah žlahtne vinske trte je pomembno, da smo jih v čim večjem številu ohranili in zaščitili preden so povsem izginile iz naših vinogradov. Posebej to velja za avtohtone vinske sorte žlahtne vinske trte, ki so izključno del naše naravne dediščine in jih v drugih vinorodnih deželah ne najdemo. Slovenska genska banka žlahtne vinske trte je razdeljena na dva dela in sicer na kolekcijo starih sort ter na kolekcijo novih, doma selekcioniranih klonov žlahtne vinske trte ter podlag. Kolekcije in situ so posajene na treh lokacijah, kot kolekcija z okoli petdesetimi starimi domačimi vinskimi sortami žlahtne vinske trte, ki se sproti dopolnjuje v Ampelografskem vrtu BF v Kromberku pri Novi Gorici, kot kolekcija 29 novih doma selekcioniranih klonov žlahtne vinske trte na lokaciji Litmerk pri Ormožu in kot kolekcija 10 novih doma selekcioniranih klonov žlahtne vinske trte v Vipavi. Poleg treh glavnih lokacij, se kolekcije nahajajo še na štirih pomožnih lokacijah, kot kolekcije novih doma selekcioniranih klonov žlahtne vinske trte v Pleterjih, Čurilah pri Metliki in Gadovi peči, ter kot kolekcija starih domačih vinskih sort žlahtne vinske trte v Dobrovem v Goriških Brdih. Vse zbrane akcesije so vključene v program ampelografije, ki se opravlja po predpisani metodiki deskriptorjev, ki jih izdajajo mednarodna organizacija za vinsko trto in vino (OIV), mednarodni inštitut za rastlinske genske vire (IPGRI) in mednarodna zveza za zaščito novih sort rastlin (UPOV), ki skupno obsega opis 130 morfoloških značilnosti. Delo poteka postopno, osnovno opisovanje pa je bilo razširjeno s popolno filometrijo. Do leta 1999 smo bili kot sodelavci vključeni tudi v evropski projekt GENRES, vse naše zbrane vinske sorte pa so vpisane v »Mednarodni seznam sort vinske trte in njihovih sinonimov«, ki ga je izdala mednarodna organizacija za vinsko trto in vino.
Effect of drought stress and selenium spraying on photosynthesis and antioxidant activity of spring barley
Authors: HABIBI Ghader
Published: December 2023

This paper reports the effects of selenium (Se) application on some physiological characteristics of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Rihane-03) exposed to drought stress. Foliar application to barley at 30 g selenium ha-1, as sodium selenate, increased significantly shoot dry weight and relative water content in well-watered plants. A remarkable reduction in dry weight of water-stressed plants was associated with significant decrease in maximal efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), stomatal conductance (gs) and net CO2 assimilation rate (A). Activity of antioxidant enzymes was increased by drought stress significantly. Amounts of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) remained unchanged in Se-supplemented water-deficit plants obviously because of an efficient scavenging following significant enhancement of catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities. These results indicate that an application of selenium was favorable for biomass accumulation of barley plants under well-watered conditions. However, it did not significantly affect dry matter accumulation under drought stress, but Se-supplemented water-deficit plants exhibited better protection from oxidative damage because of higher CAT and GSH-Px activities and lower level of lipid peroxidation. These results suggest that selenium application can improve antioxidant defense system under drought stress conditions, and it may be recommended for arid and semiarid regions.
Enhanced growth of cabbage and red beet by Trichoderma viride
Authors: TOPOLOVEC-PINTARIĆ Snježana , ŽUTIĆ Ivanka , ĐERMIĆ Edyta
Published: December 2023

The main agricultural importance of Trichoderma species was not so far away mainly suppression of plant diseases. Novel investigations emphasize their potential to stimulate plant growth independently of suppression of any plant disease. However, Trichoderma spp. and even biotypes of same species vary between each other in its effectiveness both in the control of plant pathogenic fungi and in the promotion of plant growth and increasing yield. The subject of this study was to evaluate growth promoting effect of two indigenous T. viride stains STP16 and STP8 on cabbage and red beet. Increment of fresh and dry weight accomplished by STP16 was statistically significant so, it could be concluded that growth enhancement of 27% at red beet and 29% at cabbage is significant.
impact of environmental factors on the infection of cereals with Fusarium species and mycotoxin production – a review
Authors: POPOVSKI Sasho , CELAR Franci Aco
Published: December 2023

Several phytopathogenic Fusarium species occurring worldwide on cereals as causal agents of ‘head blight’ (scab) of small grain cereals and ‘ear rot’ of maize, are capable of accumulating, in infected kernels, several mycotoxins some of which of notable impact to human and animal health. Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. poae, F. avenaceum and Microdochium nivale predominantly cause Fusarium diseases of small-grain cereals. Maize is predominantly attacked by F. graminearum, F. moniliforme, F. proliferatum and F. subglutinans. The review is focused on the influence of climatic variables, particularly temperature, humidity and rainfall on growth, reproduction, survival, competitive ability, mycotoxicity and pathogenicity of Fusarium fungi commonly isolated from wheat, barley and maize.
Effect of source and sink limitation on yield and some agronomic characteristics in modern bread wheat cultivars under post anthesis water deficiency
Authors: ABDOLI Majid , SAEIDI Mohsen , JALALI-HONARMAND Saeid , MANSOURIFAR Sirus , GHOBADI Mohammad-Eghbal , CHEGHAMIRZA Kianoush
Published: December 2023

In order to examine the effect of source and sink limitation and post anthesis water deficiency stress in determining of grain yield potential in nine modern bread wheat cultivars in the west of Iran with arid and semi-arid weather that is one of the main centers of crop diversity in the world, a split plot-factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was used in crop year 2010-2011. Three treatments includes: control, flag leaf removal and removal of half of each spike was applied in the field research campus of agriculture and natural resources of Razi University. Water deficiency stress was started at anthesis and continued till physiological maturity (withholding of irrigation). Water deficiency caused significant reduction in the grain yield and the 1000 grain weight and caused significant increase in the number of fertile spikelets per spike. Flag leaf removal (source limitation) treatments showed that flag leaf contribution in grain yield production during grain filling in control and post-anthesis water deficiency stress condition were 10.1% and 13.4% respectively. In both conditions removal of spikelets spike-1 (sink limitation) treatment had higher significant effect on fertility of spikelets, grains spike-1, grain yield spike-1 and 1000 grain weight than flag leaf removal. Flag leaf removal treatment in some cultivars not only had no reduction effect on grain yield and 1000 grain weight but also increased them. These results may be due to an increase in photosynthesis rate of remaining leaves and/or increase in amount of carbohydrates remobilization that is stored in the stems. This phenomenon is called the compensatory effect. In both water regimes, there was a correlation between lower grain weight, no grains spike-1 and fertile spikelet spike-1 and lower yield potential of ‘Chamran’ cultivar. But, ‘Zarin’ and ‘Pishgam’ cultivars due to higher grain yield potential in post-anthesis under water deficiency stress and control, performed more studies, to advise farmers to cultivate them. There are probably better than any other cultivars that are common in these regions and sowing of them by farmers will be associated with less risk.
Sheep wool and leather waste as fertilizers in organic production of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.)
Authors: VONČINA Andrej , MIHELIČ Rok
Published: December 2023

Sheep's wool and leather shavings tanned without chromium (III) salts would be suitable for fertilization in organic farming, where is the lack of easily accessible fertilizer nitrogen. This hypothesis was tested in a two-year field experiment growing asparagus at Rogelj organic farm in Kranj (Slovenia). The block designed experiment with three replicates comprised fertilization treatments with sheep's wool (W), leather shavings (L), cattle manure (FYM) and unfertilized (Ø). Doses of fertilizers were relevant to 0 (Ø), 140 (W1, L1), 280 (W2, L2, FYM) and 560 kg (W3, L3) N/ha. Fertilizers were dosed the first year before the start of the vegetation. Within the next year we followed their subsequent effect. The highest soil mineral N was found in the W2, which produced also the highest asparagus yield (non-significant) in the first year. On contrary, NO3-N content in the asparagus crop was small what reflects the good synchrony of N mineralization and consumption of N at W2. Treatments W and L released significantly more N in the next year than the same dose of nitrogen from FYM. The experiment showed that mainly sheep wool represents a quality alternative organic fertilizer.
decade of research in mofette areas has given us new insights into adaptation of soil microorganisms to abiotic stress
Authors: MAČEK Irena
Published: December 2023

Natural CO2 springs (mofettes) represent extreme ecosystems with severe exhalations of ambient temperature geological CO2, inducing long-term soil hypoxia. In this paper an overview of mofette research in the fields of microbial ecology and biodiversity in presented, with a focus on the studies describing the impact of the changed soil gas regime on communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, archaea and bacteria. Along with the fast development of new, high-throughput molecular techniques driving the field of molecular ecology, mofettes enable new insights into the importance of the abiotic environmental factors in regulating soil biodiversity, and the community structure of these functionally important microbial groups.
Influence of arbuscular mycorrhiza on osmotic adjustment compounds and antioxidant enzyme activity in nodules of salt-stressed soybean (Glycine max)
Authors: YOUNESI Omid , MORADI Ali , NAMDARI Amin
Published: December 2023

The influence of the colonization with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus, Glomus mosseae (Nicolson and Gerdemann), on characteristics of growth, osmotic adjustment compounds and activity of antioxidant enzymes in nodules of salt-stressed soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) was studied in this experiment. The pot experiment was arranged as a factorial in randomized complete block design with four replications at greenhouse of College of Agriculture, Tehran University, Iran. Results indicated that the contents of glycine betaine and proline in nodules were higher in inoculated than in non-inoculated plants. AM fungal colonization increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase in the nodules. The results indicate that the AM fungus is capable of alleviating the damage caused by salt stress on symbiotic nitrogen fixation of soybean plants by increasing the accumulation of compatible osmolytes and by increased antioxidant enzyme activity. Consequently, arbuscular mycorrhiza formation highly enhanced the salinity tolerance of soybean plant, which increased symbiotic nitrogen fixation and promoted plant growth.
Indirect plant regeneration in aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.) var. ‘Kalijira’ and ‘Chinigura’
Authors: MANNAN Mohammad Abdul , SARKER Tushar Chandra , AKHTER Mst. Towhida , KABIR Ahmad Humayan , ALAM Mohammad Firoz
Published: December 2023

Mature seeds of two traditional rice genotypes (Kalijira and Chinigura) were used for callus induction and plant regeneration on different concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators cultured on MS (Murashige and Skoog) basal medium. Callus induction frequency was different between the cultivars, as well as among the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) levels tested. Both tested cultivars exhibited highest callus frequency at 2 mgl-1 2,4-D. The incorporation of benzylaminopurine (BAP) and kinetin (KIN) in the callus induction medium supplemented with 2 mgl-1 2,4-D did not significantly improve the callus induction frequency but required days of callus initiation were decreased compared to single use of 2,4-D. After two subcultures, at 21 days interval, embryogenic callus was placed on medium containing different concentration and combination of auxin and cytokinin. Treatment T4 (0.5 mg l-1 BAP and 0.1 mg l-1 IBA) showed the highest shoot induction: 91.67% in Kalijira and 83.33% in Chinigura. Similarly, the highest range of shoot number was also observed in both genotypes when treated with 0.5 mgl-1 BAP and 0.1 mgl-1 IBA. Plant regeneration efficiency was further observed best when treated with 1 mgl-1 2,4-D along with 1 mgl-1 2,4-D along with 1 mgl-1 BAP and 1 mgl-1 IBA. Furthermore, the highest number of callus derived shoot per culture was achieved in 2 mgl-1 2,4-D along with 1 mgl-1  BAP and 1 mgl-1 IBA. Both rice genotypes are promising in terms of callus induction frequency and morphology, and regeneration ability of the embryogenic callus.
Možnosti varstva oreha (Juglans spp.) pred orehovo muho (Rhagoletis completa Cresson, 1929 Diptera,: Tephritidae) s poudarkom na biotičnem zatiranju škodljivca
Authors: LAZNIK Žiga , TRDAN Stanislav
Published: December 2023

Orehova muha (Rhagoletis completa) je gospodarsko pomembna sadna muha, ki napada različne vrste oreha (Juglans spp.). Žuželka izvira iz Severne Amerike, za najbolj učinkovito metodo lovljenja njenih odraslih osebkov pa velja trikotna rumena lepljiva plošča, skupaj z amonijevim karbonatom, ki deluje kot atraktant. V prispevku so predstavljeni bionomija, razširjenost, načini spremljanja in zatiranja orehove muhe, pri čemer je poseben poudarek namenjen biotičnemu zatiranju škodljivca. O slednjem je v strokovni literaturi relativno malo informacij, z njihovim upoštevanjem, upoštevanjem domače zakonodaje in našimi izkušnjami z razširjenostjo in učinkovitostjo različnih biotičnih agensov v Sloveniji, za biotično zatiranje orehove muhe predlagamo foliarni nanos entomopatogene glive Beauveria bassiana proti odraslim osebkom, jesensko talno aplikacijo entomopatogenih ogorčic proti ličinkam ter spomladansko talno aplikacijo entomopatogenih ogorčic proti odraslim osebkom v obdobju njihovega izleganja iz bub. Na območjih razširjenosti navadnega oreha pa bo potrebno v prihodnje načrtno spremljati zastopanost potencialnih domorodnih parazitoidov orehove muhe, saj na različnih koncih sveta prav nekatere predstavnike iz omenjene skupine naravnih sovražnikov (Coptera occidentalis, Diachasmimorpha juglandis) omenjajo kot dovolj ustrezne alternative sintetičnim insekticidom.
effect of body condition score and body weight of Sanjabi ewes on immune system, producti ve and reproducti ve performance
Authors: JALILIAN Mohammad Taher , MOEINI Mohammad Mahdi
Published: December 2023

Total 80 Sanjabi ewes (2–5 years old and 50–85 weight domain) were selected in animal unit of Mehregan farm. The ewes were divided to 4 treatment groups according to body condition score of (2, 2.5, 3, 3.5 ≤). Blood samples were collected from non-pregnant ewes, then after mating, two weeks before expected lambing and at lambing day. Blood samples of newborn lambs were also taken from the jugular vein at birth and 7 days of age. The reproductive parameters such as number of lambs born per lambing, kg of lambs born per ewes mating, pregnancy period and lamb birth weight were determined. Some blood metabolites such as glucose, total protein, albumin and globulin were determined. The white blood cell and differential leukocyte counts were also measured. The result of this experiment indicated that BCS = 3 had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on the kg lambs born per ewes. Ewes with BCS = 3 had a better performance in the percentage of lambs born per ewes at mating, while the lambing rate reduced in ewes with BCS of 3.5 or more. Birth weight of lambs was significantly affected by BCS of their ewes (P < 0.05). There was a significant effect of BCS on plasma FSH concentration in ewes with BCS more than 3 but no significant difference was seen in blood metabolite in this study. Colostrum productions and the lamb birth weights were affected by body condition score of ewes. The white blood cell counts, neutrophils and lymphocytes counts did not change between ewes and lambs. It is concluded that BCS had a significant effect on kg lambs born per ewes, birth weight of lambs, lambs weaning weight and colostrum productions (P < 0.05) and the score of 3 at mating time could optimize profitability of Sanjabi ewes.
Antipyretic activity of the hydro-alcoholic extract of Artemisia absinthium L. as a standalone and as an adjuvant with barley water against yeast-induced pyrexia in albino Wistar rats
Authors: Bhat Mohd Musaib , Ansari Athar Pervez , Ahmad Ansar , Qayoom Ifra , Reshi Bazilah Majeed
Published: December 2023

Objectives

In Unani medicine, a comprehensive treatment plan has been delineated to deal with febrile illnesses using herbal drugs along with modified dietetics, which stands as a promising area of research. The present study was aimed at evaluating the antipyretic activity of the HAE of Artemisia absinthium L. whole plant as a standalone and as an adjuvant with barley water in an animal model of pyrexia to validate the age-old Unani principle of the treatment.

Methods

The pyrexia was induced in all the groups except the plain control using Brewer’s yeast. Group II did not receive any treatment, while group III received crocin, group IV received HAE of A. absinthium, group V administered Ma al-Sha’ir, and group VI was treated with the HAE of A. absinthium along with Ma al-Sha’ir by oral route. The rectal temperature of each rat was recorded at ‘0’ h, 30 min, 60 min, and 180 min.

Results

The mean rectal temperature of group III went down from 101.82±0.20 °F to 100.4±0.57 °F over the period of (0–180) minutes, whereas the mean temperature in group IV went down from 102.45±0.60 °F to 100.14±0.57 °F. The mean rectal temperature of group V decreased from 100.62±0.11 °F to 99.55±0.51 °F, while the mean rectal temperature of group VI went down from 101.95±0.1 °F to 97.7±0.11 °F.

Conclusions

It is concluded that the HAE of A. absinthium L. as a standalone and along with Ma al Sha’ir showed excellent antipyretic activity as compared to the standard drug in an animal model.
Operators that are Weakly Coercive and a Compact Perturbation
Authors: Soriano Arbizu José María , Cabrera Manuel Ordoñez
Published: December 2023

Let X, Y be two Banach spaces over

K
=
ℝ

\[\mathbb{K}=\mathbb{R}\]

or

ℂ

\[\mathbb{C}\]

, and let f := F+C be a weakly coercive operator from X onto Y, where F is a Fredholm proper operator, and C is a C
1-compact operator. Sufficient conditions are provided to assert that the perturbed operator f is a C
1-diffeomorphism. When one of these conditions does not hold and instead y is a regular value, the equation f(x) = y has at most finite number of solutions. As a consequence of the main result two corollaries are given. A second theorem studies the finite dimensional case. As an application, one example is given. The proof of our results is based on properties of Fredholm operators, as well as on local and global inverse mapping theorems.
Weakly Einstein Equivalence in a Golden Space Form and Certain CR-submanifolds
Authors: Kim Jihun , Park Jeonghyeong , Şahin Bayram
Published: December 2023

It is known that the Golden space form may not be an Einstein manifold. In this paper, it is shown that the condition to be Einstein for a Golden space form is equivalent to being weakly Einstein. In addition, the partial geodesic and cyclic parallelism of the CR-submanifolds of a Golden space are examined, and the case of the constant Golden sectional curvature is determined. Moreover, the CR-submanifolds with semi-flat normal connection are studied and an inequality is obtained. The equality case of this inequality is also checked. We also consider the totally umbilical CR-submanifold of Golden Riemannian manifolds and show that such submanifolds are totally geodesic under certain conditions. Furthermore, we obtain an inequality involving the scalar curvature of CR-submanifold and check the existence of extrinsic spheres in Golden space forms.
Performance of conventional and wiper CBN inserts under various cooling conditions in hard turning of AISI 52100 steel
Authors: Çetindağ Hüseyin Alp , Çiçek Adem , Uçak Necati , Aslantas Kubilay
Published: December 2023

Cryogenic cooling and minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) are regarded as effective green manufacturing techniques since they eliminate the excessive utilization of conventional cutting fluids (CCFs) that are known to have adverse impacts on both the environment and human health. Moreover, these methods have promising effects on surface integrity in machining hard-to-cut materials. This study investigates the impact of hybrid and cryogenic lubri-cooling methods on surface integrity (surface roughness, microhardness, and residual stresses) in hard turning of AISI 52100 bearing steel (62 HRC) with conventional and wiper CBN inserts. For that purpose, a precooling-based hybrid (a combination of precryogenic cooling of the workpiece and MQL) and direct cryogenic cooling techniques were used for comparison during the hard turning tests. The tests were carried out at a constant cutting speed (200 m/min), feed (0.1 mm∙rev−1), and depth of cut (0.1 mm) under dry, carbon dioxide (CO2), liquid nitrogen (LN2), CO2 + MQL, and LN2 + MQL conditions. The results show that hybrid lubri-cooling condition (CO2 + MQL) improved the surface quality and increased the compressive residual stresses at the machined surface when wiper inserts were employed. On the other hand, effective cooling under direct CO2 condition provided better surface integrity when machining with conventional inserts.
A critical review of the quantification, analysis and detection of radionuclides in the environment using diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT): advances and perspectives
Authors: Pantoja Leonardo , Garelick Hemda
Published: December 2023

This critical review explores the quantification, analysis, and detection of radionuclides in the environment using the diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique. Radionuclides, unstable isotopes emitting ionising radiation, are present in the environment due to natural and anthropogenic sources for which concerns are raised about their impact on human health and ecosystems. DGT offers a unique passive sampling approach for understanding the behaviour of radionuclides and other trace elements. This review provides insights into method development, real case scenarios, advantages, limitations, and future perspectives of DGT in radionuclide analysis. In terms of method development, various isotopes have been analysed with varying significance based on origin, concentration, risks, and persistence. Notably, U, Th, Pu, Am, Cm, 99Tc, 226Ra, 137Cs, 134Cs, 232U, 237Np, and 152Eu have been measured, revealing their diverse roles in environmental radioactivity. Real case scenarios illustrate applications in uranium mining, water quality monitoring, and metal speciation studies, shedding light on mobility, bioavailability, and ecological impacts. DGT’s advantages include in-situ monitoring, time-averaged mean concentrations, and comprehensive speciation insights. Challenges include potential influences from biofouling, temperature changes and specifically the possible degradation of the binding and diffuse layer due to ionising radiation in long term exposures. In addition, the distinction between fully labile free metal ions and partially labile metal-ligand complexes introduces a potential limitation in the DGT technique, hence being an opportunity for future studies. Looking forward, DGT is expected to contribute to radiation dose modelling, environmental risk assessment, and water quality monitoring, with ongoing developments enhancing its utility and accuracy.
The contribution of ceramography to the development of ceramic spark plug electrode materials for large gas engines
Authors: Gruber M. , Melcher V. , Harrer W. , Tilz A. , Engelmayer M. , Fimml W. , Wimmer A. , Bermejo R.
Published: December 2023

Large gas engines play a key role in energy supply and transport. Due to emission regulations and high fuel prices, engines achieving both high efficiency and low emissions are required. Development efforts to that effect have resulted in combustion methods relying on lean air-fuel mixtures as well as high ignition pressures. The conditions in the combustion chamber cause high wear on the spark plug electrodes. Conventional electrodes have a limited lifetime and they are expensive due to the use of precious metal alloys.

Compared with conventional materials, alternative ceramic electrode materials offer advantages in terms of high thermal stability, high oxidation and corrosion resistance, as well as lower material prices. Disadvantages include insufficient electrical conductivity, brittleness and the difficulty of joining them with metallic materials.

In this paper wear and oxidation behavior of selected materials are evaluated, using ceramographic methods. Microsections of the joining zone are used to analyse the change in the microstructure resulting from the bonding process. The results show the strengths, weaknesses and limitations of the selected ceramics as electrode materials, based on ceramographic methods, which helped essentially to understand the oxidation behavior, the bonding process and wear.
Metallographic preparation, contrasting, and examination of layers of scale on hot-rolled low-alloy steels
Authors: Mathe R. , Mirković D.
Published: December 2023

A clear characterization of layers of scale on hot-rolled steels does not only require a careful preparation of the samples but also a delineation of the individual scale phases.

In this work, it could be shown that etching using dilute hydrochloric acid improved the distinction of the individual oxide phases during the light microscope examination of layers of scale. Furthermore, metallurgical analyses provide valuable information on the quantitative composition as well as on the qualitative element distribution in the layer of scale thus also facilitating the distinction of the scale phases.