bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UPF1 regulates the malignant biological behaviors of glioblastoma cells via enhancing the stability of Linc-00313
Authors: Shao Lianqi , He Qianru , Liu Yunhui , Liu Xiaobai , Zheng Jian , Ma Jun , Liu Libo , Li Han , Li Zhen , Xue Yixue
Published: August 2019

There is growing evidence that the long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs) play an important role in the biological behaviors of glioblastoma cells. In this study, we elucidated the function and possible effect and molecular mechanisms of lncRNA-Linc-00313 on the biological behaviors of glioblastoma cells as well as UPF1 function as a RNA-binding protein to enhance its stability. Here, we used qRT-PCR and western blot to measure the expression, cell Transfection to disrupt the expression of genes, cell viability analysis, quantization of apoptosis, cell migration, and invasion assays, Reporter vectors construction and luciferase assays to investigate the malignant biological behaviors of cells, human lncRNA microarrays, RNA-Immunoprecipitation, dual-luciferase gene reporter assay, half-life assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation to verify the binding sites, tumor xenograft implantation for in vivo experiment, SPSS 18.0 statistical software for data statistics. UPF1 and Linc-00313 were both upregulated in glioma tissues and cells. Knockdown of UPF1 or Linc-00313 significantly inhibited malignant biological behaviors of glioma cells by regulating miR-342-3p and miR-485-5p, which are downregulated and functioned as tumor suppressors in glioma. Furthermore, Linc-00313 could acted as a competing endogenous RNA(ceRNA) to regulate the expression of Zic4 by binding to miR-342-3p and miR-485-5p. Interestingly, Zic4 could bind to the promoters of UPF1 and Linc-00313 respectively and upregulate the expression of them. These results indicated that a positive-feedback loop was formed in the regulation of the biological behaviors of glioma cells. The study is the first to prove that the UPF1-Linc-00313-miR-342-3p/miR-485-5p-Zic4-SHCBP1 pathway forms a positive-feedback loop and regulates the biological behaviors of U87 and U251 cells, which might provide a new therapeutic target for glioma.
Enhanced Grüneisen Parameter in Supercooled Water
Authors: O. Gomes Gabriel , Stanley H. Eugene , Souza Mariano de
Published: August 2019

We use the recently-proposed compressible cell Ising-like model to estimate the ratio between thermal expansivity and specific heat (the Grüneisen parameter Γs) in supercooled water. Near the critical pressure and temperature, Γs becomes significantly sensitive to thermal fluctuations of the order-parameter, a characteristic behavior of pressure-induced critical points. Such enhancement of Γs indicates that two energy scales are governing the system, namely the coexistence of high- and low-density liquids, which become indistinguishable at the critical point in the supercooled phase. The temperature dependence of the compressibility, sound velocity and pseudo-Grüneisen parameter Γw are also reported. Our findings support the proposed liquid-liquid critical point in supercooled water in the No-Man’s Land regime, and indicates possible applications of this model to other systems. In particular, an application of the model to the qualitative behavior of the Ising-like nematic phase in Fe-based superconductors is also presented.
Mice with an autosomal dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2O disease mutation in both dynein alleles display severe moto-sensory phenotypes
Authors: Nandini Swaran , Conley Calderon Jami L. , Sabblah Thywill T. , Love Rachal , King Linda E. , King Stephen J.
Published: August 2019

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is the most common peripheral neuromuscular disorder worldwide. The axonal degeneration in CMT causes distal muscle weakness and atrophy, resulting in gait problems and difficulties with basic motor coordination skills. A mutation in the cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain (DHC) gene was discovered to cause an autosomal dominant form of the disease designated Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2O disease (CMT2O) in 2011. The mutation is a single amino acid change of histidine into arginine at amino acid 306 (H306R) in DHC. We previously generated a knock-in mouse carrying the corresponding CMT2O mutation (H304R) and examined the heterozygous H304R/+offspring in a variety of motor skills and histological assays. Here we report the initial characterization of the homozygous H304R/R mouse, which is the first homozygous mutant DHC mouse to survive past the neonatal stage. We show that H304R/R mice have significantly more severe disease symptoms than the heterozygous H304R/+mice. The H304R/R mice have significant defects in motor skills, including grip strength, motor coordination, and gait and also related defects in neuromuscular junction architecture. Furthermore, the mice have defects in sensation, another aspect of CMT disease. Our results show that the H304R/+ and H304R/R mice will be important models for studying the onset and progression of both heterozygous and homozygous CMT disease alleles.
Freshwater phytoplankton: biotransformation of inorganic arsenic to methylarsenic and organoarsenic
Authors: Hasegawa Hiroshi , Papry Rimana Islam , Ikeda Eri , Omori Yoshiki , Mashio Asami S. , Maki Teruya , Rahman M. Azizur
Published: August 2019

The biotransformation and detoxification mechanisms of arsenic (As) species have been active research topics because of their significance to environmental and human health. Biotransformation of As in phytoplankton has been extensively studied. However, how different growth phases of phytoplankton impact As biotransformation in them remains uncertain. This study investigated the biotransformation of As species in freshwater phytoplankton at different growth phases to ascertain at which growth phase different types of biotransformation occur. At the logarithmic growth phase, arsenate (AsV) (>90%) and arsenite (AsIII) (>80%) predominated in culture media when phytoplankton were exposed to 20 nmol L−1 and 1.0 µmol L−1 of AsV, respectively, and methylarsenic (methylAs) species were not detected in them at all. Intracellular As was mainly present in inorganic forms (iAs) at the logarithmic phase, while substantial amounts of organoarsenic (orgAs) species were detected at the stationary phase. At the stationary phase, AsV comprised the majority of the total As in culture media, followed by AsIII and methylAs, although the methylation of AsV occurred slowly at the stationary phase. Biotransformation of AsV into AsIII and As methylation inside phytoplankton cells occurred mainly at the logarithmic phase, while the biotransformation of As into complex orgAs compounds occurred at the stationary phase. Phytoplankton rapidly released iAs and methylAs species out of their cells at the logarithmic phase, while orgAs mostly remained inside their cells.
Functional Geometry of Human Connectomes
Authors: Tadić Bosiljka , Andjelković Miroslav , Melnik Roderick
Published: August 2019

Mapping the brain imaging data to networks, where nodes represent anatomical brain regions and edges indicate the occurrence of fiber tracts between them, has enabled an objective graph-theoretic analysis of human connectomes. However, the latent structure on higher-order interactions remains unexplored, where many brain regions act in synergy to perform complex functions. Here we use the simplicial complexes description of human connectome, where the shared simplexes encode higher-order relationships between groups of nodes. We study consensus connectome of 100 female (F-connectome) and of 100 male (M-connectome) subjects that we generated from the Budapest Reference Connectome Server v3.0 based on data from the Human Connectome Project. Our analysis reveals that the functional geometry of the common F&M-connectome coincides with the M-connectome and is characterized by a complex architecture of simplexes to the 14th order, which is built in six anatomical communities, and linked by short cycles. The F-connectome has additional edges that involve different brain regions, thereby increasing the size of simplexes and introducing new cycles. Both connectomes contain characteristic subjacent graphs that make them 3/2-hyperbolic. These results shed new light on the functional architecture of the brain, suggesting that insightful differences among connectomes are hidden in their higher-order connectivity.
The reimplantation valve-sparing aortic root replacement technique for patients with Marfan syndrome: A single-center experience
Authors: Kremer Jamila , Farag Mina , Zaradzki Marcin , Szabó Gabor , Ruhparwar Arjang , Kallenbach Klaus , Karck Matthias , Arif Rawa
Published: August 2019

Valve-sparing aortic root replacement (VSARR) through reimplantation technique is widely regarded as optimal surgical approach for Marfan syndrome (MFS) patients. Perioperative and long-term data from all MFS patients undergoing VSARR using David’s technique at our center from 2007–2018 were analyzed. We included 56 patients with a mean age of 32.3 ± 12.3 years. Logistic EuroSCORE was 7.96 ± 5.2. Among others concomitant surgical procedures included aortic arch surgery (8.9%), mitral valve repair (23.2%) and replacement (1.7%). There were no operative deaths, nor in-hospital-mortality. One patient underwent re-exploration for bleeding, dialysis and pacemaker implantation was required in one case each. There was no occurrence of low-output syndrome nor neurological complications. Significant gender differences were not found, except for intraoperative blood transfusion occurring significantly more often in the female gender (p = 0.009). Despite significantly longer procedural times, concomitant surgery did not negatively impact overall outcome. Freedom of reoperation of the aortic root was 100% at 1 year, 97.7% at 8 years. Until last follow-up (61 ± 38 month) all patients survived, with no evidence of endocarditis. We emphasize once more that VSARR using David’s procedure is a safe method for MFS patients with excellent long-term results even if concomitant procedures are performed.
Isolation and characterization of a novel oligomeric proanthocyanidin with significant anti-cancer activities from grape stems (Vitis vinifera)
Authors: Sei-ichi Kawahara , Toda Kazuya , Matsumoto Kiriko , Ishihara Chisato , Nonobe Shuhei , Matsunaga Chisato , Gomi Yoshika K. , Senga Shogo , Kawaguchi Koichiro , Yamamoto Ayaka , Suwannachot Jutalak , Noda Reiko , Kobayashi Shuhei , Hamauzu Yasunori , Makabe Hidefumi , Fujii Hiroshi
Published: August 2019

Novel proanthocyanidin fractions from grape stem extracts were purified using Amberlite XAD-1180N, Sephadex-LH-20, Toyopearl HW40F and reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Two key compounds were estimated as epigallocatechin-(epicatechin)7 gallate using electron-spray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Epigallocatechin-(epicatechin)7 gallate (compound 1) showed significant anti-cancer activity in PC-3 prostate cancer cells. In particular, compound 1 suppressed the gene expression of fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5), which is involved in promoting cell proliferation and metastasis in prostate cancer cells.
Compact and highly-confined spoof surface plasmon polaritons with fence-shaped grooves
Authors: Ping Richeng , Ma Hong , Cai Yang
Published: August 2019

In this paper, a compact and highly-confined spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) with fence-shaped grooves is proposed. By adding the metal strips that similar to the fence on the basis of T-grooves, the waves can be confined more tightly as the propagation paths of current are effectively increased, which leads to a reduction of the height of SSPPs units by 48.4% compared to the rectangular grooves. Moreover, compared with conventional SSPPs units mentioned before, the proposed design exhibits the strongest confinement to EM waves. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed unit, a corresponding transmission line is simulated and fabricated. Both simulated and measured results are in good agreement, which show the superior performance of this structure. Meanwhile, due to the simplicity and effectiveness, this proposed structure has a great research and application prospects in developing the miniaturized devices and circuits.
Realization of higher thermoelectric performance by dynamic doping of copper in n-type PbTe
Authors: You Li , Zhang Jiye , Pan Shanshan , Jiang Ying , Wang Ke , Yang Jiong , Pei Yanzhong , Zhu Qing , Agne Matthias T. , Snyder G. Jeffrey , Ren Zhifeng , Zhang Wenqing , Luo Jun
Published: August 2019

A nearly perfect dynamic doping effect is realized in PbTe through Cu intercalation, resulting in fully optimized temperature-dependent electrical-transport properties.
Recognition of mixed-sequence DNA targets using spermine-modified Invader probes
Authors: Adhikari Shiva P. , Emehiser Raymond G. , Karmakar Saswata , Hrdlicka Patrick J.
Published: August 2019

Invader probes are additionally activated for recognition of mixed-sequence DNA targets upon incorporation of spermine bulges.
ZIF-67-derived edge-oriented graphene clusters coupled with carbon nanotubes containing encapsulated Co nanoparticles for high-frequency electrochemical capacitors
Authors: Li Wenyue , Islam Nazifah , Azam Sakibul , Xu Zhen , Warzywoda Juliusz , Fan Zhaoyang
Published: August 2019

Pyrolized ZIF-67 modified by edge-oriented graphene (EOG) shows great potential to be used as electrode for high frequency electrochemical capacitors (HF-ECs).
Modeling the magnetostriction effect in elastomers with magnetically soft and hard particles
Authors: Sánchez Pedro A. , Stolbov Oleg V. , Kantorovich Sofia S. , Raikher Yuriy L.
Published: August 2019

We analyze theoretically the field-induced microstructural deformations in a hybrid elastomer that consists of a polymer matrix filled with a mixture of magnetically soft and magnetically hard spherical microparticles.
Particle adsorption at the oil–water interface studied with second harmonic generation
Authors: Wu Wei , Liu Xinxin , Chen Shun-Li , Yuan Qunhui , Gan Wei
Published: August 2019

In this work, energetics of the adsorption of polystyrene nanoparticles at the hexadecane–water interface was studied with second harmonic generation, which highlighted the significance of van der Waals interaction between oil phase and particles.
Circular RNA MYLK serves as an oncogene to promote cancer progression via microRNA-195/cyclin D1 axis in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Duan Xiaohui , Shen Na , Chen Jie , Wang Jing , Zhu Qinghua , Zhai Zhihai
Published: August 2019

Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is a common aggressive head and neck cancer. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are implicated in numerous physiological and pathological processes, including tumorigenesis. The present study aimed to investigate the expression profile and biological role of circMYLK in LSCC. We found that circMYLK was highly expressed in LSCC tissues and cell lines. circMYLK overexpression promoted LSCC cell proliferation and G1/S cell cycle transition; whereas circMYLK knockdown had the contrary effects. Mechanistically, circMYLK can serve as a competing endogenous RNA for miR-195 to increase cyclin D1 expression in LSCC, and rescue experiments further showed that restoration of miR-195 could block the oncogenic role of circMYLK in LSCC. In conclusion, our findings indicate that the circMYLK/miR-195/cyclin D1 regulatory axis could affect the proliferation and cell cycle progression of LSCC cells, and may provide a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of LSCC.
Down-regulated circPAPPA suppresses the proliferation and invasion of trophoblast cells via the miR-384/STAT3 pathway
Authors: Zhou Wenbo , Wang Huiyan , Yang Jingjing , Long Wei , Zhang Bin , Liu Jianbing , Yu Bin
Published: August 2019

Preeclampsia (PE) is the main cause of maternal death in primipara, and commonly results in severe maternal and neonatal complications such as multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. However, the exact pathogenesis of this disease remains unclear. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that have been shown to be extensively involved in numerous physiological processes, but there is limited knowledge of their functions and mechanisms in PE. In the present study, we found the expression of a circRNA, hsa_circ_0088227 (circRNA of pregnancy-associated plasma protein A, circPAPPA), was down-regulated in both placenta and plasma samples from subjects with PE. Knockdown of circPAPPA led to decreased proliferation and invasion in HTR8-S/Vneo trophoblast cells. miR-384 was identified as a direct target of circPAPPA, and the gene encoding signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was targeted by miR-384. We found that miR-384 was unregulated in PE, and overexpression of miR-384 could inhibit cell proliferation and invasion. In addition, we showed that the expression of STAT3 was decreased with knockdown of circPAPPA or the overexpression of miR-384 in trophoblast cells, but this decrease was partially reversed when co-transfection was performed with mimics of miR-384 inhibitor and si-circPAPPA. Together, these results suggest that down-regulation of circPAPPA facilitates the onset and development of PE by suppressing trophoblast cells, with involvement of the miR-384/STAT3 signaling pathway. Our study significantly increases the understanding of the occurrence and development of PE, and also provides a molecular target for the treatment of this disorder.
Autophagy in the mammalian nervous system: a primer for neuroscientists
Authors: Suomi Fumi , McWilliams Thomas G.
Published: August 2019

Autophagy refers to the lysosomal degradation of damaged or superfluous components and is essential for metabolic plasticity and tissue integrity. This evolutionarily conserved process is particularly vital to mammalian post-mitotic cells such as neurons, which face unique logistical challenges and must sustain homoeostasis over decades. Defective autophagy has pathophysiological importance, especially for human neurodegeneration. The present-day definition of autophagy broadly encompasses two distinct yet related phenomena: non-selective and selective autophagy. In this minireview, we focus on established and emerging concepts in the field, paying particular attention to the physiological significance of macroautophagy and the burgeoning world of selective autophagy pathways in the context of the vertebrate nervous system. By highlighting established basics and recent breakthroughs, we aim to provide a useful conceptual framework for neuroscientists interested in autophagy, in addition to autophagy enthusiasts with an eye on the nervous system.
Using Polygenic Profiles to Predict Variation in Language and Psychosocial Outcomes in Early and Middle Childhood
Authors: Newbury Dianne F. , Gibson Jenny L. , Conti-Ramsden Gina , Pickles Andrew , Durkin Kevin , Toseeb Umar
Published: August 2019

Purpose

Children with poor language tend to have worse psychosocial outcomes compared to their typically developing peers. The most common explanations for such adversities focus on developmental psychological processes whereby poor language triggers psychosocial difficulties. Here, we investigate the possibility of shared biological effects by considering whether the same genetic variants, which are thought to influence language development, are also predictors of elevated psychosocial difficulties during childhood.

Method

Using data from the U.K.-based Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, we created a number of multi–single-nucleotide polymorphism polygenic profile scores, based on language and reading candidate genes (
ATP2C2, CMIP, CNTNAP2, DCDC2, FOXP2,
and
KIAA0319,
1,229 single-nucleotide polymorphisms) in a sample of 5,435 children.

Results

A polygenic profile score for expressive language (8 years) that was created in a discovery sample (
n
= 2,718) predicted not only expressive language (8 years) but also peer problems (11 years) in a replication sample (
n
= 2,717).

Conclusions

These findings provide a proof of concept for the use of such a polygenic approach in child language research when larger data sets become available. Our indicative findings suggest consideration should be given to concurrent intervention targeting both linguistic and psychosocial development as early language interventions may not stave off later psychosocial difficulties in children.
General precoder interference alignment design with achievable higher multiplexing gain and reduced channel extension cases
Authors: Alishahi Mohammad Hossein , Falahati Abolfazl
Published: August 2019

In a K‐user single input‐single output interference channel, it is proved that the upper bound for multiplexing gain (MG) is . Based on interference alignment technique, Cadambe and Jafar introduced a scheme known as Original Interference Alignment (IA). This scheme is improved by Choi–Jafar–Chung (CJC) in which for reduced channel extension, higher MG is achievable. These designs requirean infinite number of channel extension to achieve the upper bound. In this study, as a common generalisation of Original IA and CJC, the authors focus on designing new precoding matrices. With the same conditions as in Original IA and CJC, by changing the values of defined variables (t and s), different cases could be generated so that different MGs with different channel extensions become possible. Broadly speaking, setting appropriate values to the assigned variables, the proposed scheme yields the same results as Original IA and CJC schemes. For all other values of t and s parameters better results than Original IA are obtained but for some special t and s parameters better results than CJC scheme are achieved. Thus, it is possible to simultaneously achieve a higher MG with lower channel extension (i.e. the reduction of computational complexity) in comparison with previously designed schemes.
The optical and NIR spectrum of the Crab pulsar with X-shooter
Authors: Sollerman J. , Selsing J. , Vreeswijk P. M. , Lundqvist P. , Nyholm A.
Published: August 2019

Context. Pulsars are well studied all over the electromagnetic spectrum, and the Crab pulsar may be the most studied object in the sky. Nevertheless, a high-quality optical to near-infrared (NIR) spectrum of the Crab or any other pulsar has not been published to date.

Aims. Obtaining a properly flux-calibrated spectrum enables us to measure the spectral index of the pulsar emission, without many of the caveats from previous studies. This was the main aim of this project, but in addition we could also detect absorption and emission features from the pulsar and nebula over an unprecedentedly wide wavelength range.

Methods. A spectrum was obtained with the X-shooter spectrograph on the Very Large Telescope. Special care was given to the flux-calibration of these data.

Results. A high signal-to-noise spectrum of the Crab pulsar was obtained from 300 nm to 2400 nm. The spectral index fit to this spectrum is flat with αν = 0.16 ± 0.07. For the emission lines we measured a maximum velocity of ∼1600 km s−1, whereas the absorption lines from the material between us and the pulsar is unresolved at the ∼50 km s−1 resolution. A number of diffuse interstellar bands and a few NIR emission lines that have previously not been reported from the Crab are highlighted.
Traumatische und posttraumatische Deformität der thorakalen und lumbalen Wirbelsäule
Authors: Pajenda Gholam , Mousavi Mehdi
Published: August 2019

Die frische traumatische Deformität der thorakalen und lumbalen Wirbelsäule bedarf einer gründlichen Analyse des Verletzungsmusters. Die systematische Anwendung von Frakturklassifikationen liefert ausreichend Hinweise auf die Instabilität der Fraktur. Die Art der erforderlichen Versorgung ist vom Ausmaß der Wirbelkörper- und Bandscheibendestruktion sowie der Verletzung der dorsal zuggurtenden Elemente der Wirbelsäule abhängig. Die Entwicklung neuer Operationsmethoden, wie der endoskopisch-assistierten Chirurgie, sowie besserer Implantate haben neue Ansätze für das Management von schweren Wirbelkörperfrakturen ermöglicht.

Die posttraumatische Kyphose entsteht infolge einer in Fehlstellung verheilten Fraktur oder nach Bildung einer Pseudarthrose. Abhängig vom Grad der zu korrigierenden Deformität stehen die Möglichkeiten einer anatomischen Rekonstruktion des Wirbelsäulenprofils über die kombinierten dorso-ventralen Zugänge und die dorsal verkürzenden Osteotomien wie Smith Petersen Osteotomie, Ponte Osteotomie oder Pedikelsubtraktionsosteotomie mit unterschiedlichem Korrekturpotential zur Auswahl. Mit einer individuellen Risikoanalyse und adäquaten Operationsplanung können die Komplikationen reduziert und zufriedenstellende Ergebnisse erreicht werden.
Die Rehabilitative Langzeitversorgung – eine Kernaufgabe der Physikalischen und Rehabilitativen Medizin
Authors: Gutenbrunner Christoph , Pioch Erdmute
Published: August 2019

Es ist eine weitgehend akzeptierte Erkenntnis, dass der Bedarf an Rehabilitation in der Bevölkerung kontinuierlich steigt und auch in Zukunft weiter steigen wird 1. Die Gründe hierfür sind vielfältig: Einerseits führen die verbesserten Überlebensraten nach akuten schweren Erkrankungen, ernsten Unfallverletzungen und komplexen Operationen (z. B. Organtransplantationen) sowie die Zunahme chronischer Erkrankungen zu steigenden Rehabilitationsbedarfen. Andererseits führt die höhere Lebenserwartung auch zu einer Zunahme altersbedingter Funktionsstörungen (z. B. Immobilität) und Erkrankungen (z. B. Demenz). Vor diesem Hintergrund hat die Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) eine Stärkung der Rehabilitation gefordert 2 und einen Aktionsplan bis zum Jahr 2030 ins Leben gerufen 3. In diesem Zusammenhang wird betont, dass die Rehabilitation die wichtigste Gesundheitsstrategie dieses Jahrhunderts ist 4 und darauf abzielen muss, dass jede Person, die aus gesundheitlichen Gründen in ihrer gesellschaftlichen Teilhabe eingeschränkt ist, Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen erhält 2, 3. Um dieses Ziel zu erreichen, darf die Rehabilitation nicht als „Sondermaßnahme“ von anderen Versorgungsbereichen abgekoppelt werden. Vielmehr müssen rehabilitative Maßnahmen auf allen Versorgungsebenen (von der ambulanten Versorgung bis zu hochspezialisierten Krankenhäusern) und in allen Versorgungsphasen (akut, postakut, Langzeitversorgung) verfügbar sein 5.
Adulte Skoliosen
Authors: Hartmann Sebastian , Abramović Anto , Thomé Claudius
Published: August 2019

Durch die global alternde Bevölkerung tritt die degenerative Lumbalskoliose (DLS) im Erwachsenenalter immer mehr in den Vordergrund und repräsentiert somit einen Großteil der spinalen Deformitäten. Durch die schleichende Progredienz der Erkrankung entsteht ein massiver Leidensdruck der Patienten. Die konservative Therapie der DLS zeigt ernüchternde Resultate, weshalb bei Versagen der nicht-chirurgischen Behandlungskonzepte häufig die operative Therapie indiziert wird. Neben relativ simplen Dekompressionen für milde Formen der DLS mit isolierten klaudikativen bzw. radikulären Beschwerden, können komplexe und komplikationsreiche Wirbelkörperosteotomien sowie kombinierte ventro-dorsale Eingriffe zur Anwendung kommen. Klassifikationssysteme und Einteilungen dienen zur Graduierung der Deformität und können bei der Wahl der adäquaten operativen Technik bzw. dem Ausmaß des operativen Eingriffs hilfreich sein. Neben der primären koronaren Korrektur sollte insbesondere eine sagittale Korrektur erfolgen, da das sagittale Profil einen engen Zusammenhang mit der Patientenzufriedenheit aufweist und zudem Einfluss auf die Progression der Deformität haben kann. Dieser Artikel soll einen Überblick zur degenerativen Lumbalskoliose als Hauptvertreter der adulten Skoliosen und ihren Behandlungsmöglichkeiten geben.
Pilotprojekt zur Stärkung der ambulanten Palliativversorgung
im Land Brandenburg – Analyse von Dokumentationsdaten der allgemeinen
ambulanten Palliativversorgung
Authors: Mühlensiepen Felix , von Peter Sebastian , Thoma Samuel , Marschke Judith , Rozanski Frank , Neugebauer Edmund , Heinze Martin
Published: August 2019

Ziel der Studie Quantitative Daten zur allgemeinen ambulanten
Palliativversorgung (AAPV) in Deutschland sind rar. In 2 Regionen Brandenburgs
wurde ein Pilotprojekt zur Stärkung der ambulanten Palliativversorgung
realisiert und evaluiert. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist es, anhand von
Dokumentationsdaten aus dem Pilotprojekt einen Einblick in die AAPV zu
erarbeiten: Wie wurde die AAPV im Pilotprojekt umgesetzt? Wie unterscheidet sich
die Umsetzung der AAPV in den 2 Projektregionen?

Material und Methoden Die Studie basiert auf der retrospektiven Analyse
von 108 Patientendatensätzen, die von 13 Ärzten in 2 Regionen
Brandenburgs mithilfe der Software PalliDoc® dokumentiert
wurden. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit deskriptiven statistischen Verfahren
ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Jeder beteiligte Arzt dokumentierte die Versorgung von
durchschnittlich 7,7 Patienten während des Beobachtungszeitraums.
Insgesamt wurde bei ca. 66% der Patienten eine Tumorerkrankung als
Hauptdiagnose dokumentiert. Die durchschnittliche Versorgungsdauer von Patienten
betrug 171,3 Tage. Ärzte dokumentierten im Mittel 9,1 Kontakte je
Patient. Im Durchschnitt dauerten Patientenkontakte 20:28 Min. Der
durchschnittliche Regelanfahrtsweg zum Patienten betrug 9,3 Kilometer.

Schlussfolgerung Unsere Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass die Umsetzung
der AAPV stark von regionalen Gegebenheiten sowie den vorhandenen Angeboten der
Hospiz- und Palliativversorgung abhängt. Im Vergleich mit Daten zur
Evaluation von SAPV-Teams aus anderen Bundesländern zeigt sich, dass die
Betreuung in der AAPV im Pilotprojekt länger andauerte und ein
größerer Anteil der Patienten ohne onkologische Grunderkrankung
versorgt wurde, als in der SAPV.
Interventional Techniques for the Ablation and Augmentation of Extraspinal Lytic Bone Metastases
Authors: Ahmed Osman , Feinberg Nicholas , Lea William B.
Published: August 2019

In addition to being a major source of cancer-related pain, metastatic osseous lesions are frequently at risk for pathologic fracture and its accompanying morbidity. While bony metastases are commonly thought of as occurring within the vertebral column, over 80% are found outside the spine. Percutaneous interventional treatment options for nonspinal metastases offer a broad array of minimally invasive, image-guided procedures that are rapidly effective, reduce the need for opioids, and often work in complementary fashion with adjunct treatments in radiation oncology, orthopaedic surgery, and/or medical oncology. This article presents an approach to assess extraspinal metastases, reviews available interventional techniques in use today, and offers example cases as an introductory primer to the thought process used for selecting the appropriate interventional treatment.
Percutaneous Gastrostomy Tube Placement: Recognizing When Things Go Wrong
Authors: Hoang Peter T. , Menias Christine O. , Niemeyer Matthew M.
Published: August 2019

Percutaneous radiologic gastrostomy is a commonly performed, minimally invasive procedure for long-term enteral access in patients with a variety of conditions. Compared with other methods, it is less invasive, less costly, and safe, with a high technical success rate. The risk of complications is low, and most require only conservative management. Early, accurate diagnosis of more severe complication is crucial, as these may require prompt intervention. Therefore, radiologists should understand the imaging features, clinical presentation, and management of gastrostomy-related complications. This article will review the indications for long-term enteral access, discuss the available methods, summarize the percutaneous radiologic technique, and highlight the associated complications from gastrostomy placement.
Percutaneous Interventional Management of Spinal Metastasis
Authors: Lee Seon-Kyu , Weiss Brandon , Yanamadala Vijay , Brook Allan
Published: August 2019

Spinal metastasis is usually associated with debilitating pain and results in deteriorating life quality. The role of percutaneous management of spinal metastasis has evolved from a diagnostic role to a significant part of therapeutic options in conjunction with conventional management techniques, including radiotherapy and open surgical options. Percutaneous vertebral augmentation (PVA) showed substantial pain reduction, vertebral stabilization, and improvement of quality of life. Minimally invasive local ablative procedures (MILAPs) demonstrated significant pain reduction, local tumor burden control, and improvement of quality of life. Though combined PVA and MILAP's synergistic role in pain reduction may need additional investigation, considering different actions on spine metastasis patients, combining both techniques might beneficial to selected patients. The role of percutaneous management will likely expand since its role in improving patient's quality of life with very minimal procedure-related risk and in conjunction with future technological advancement.
Gastroschisis: State of the Art in Translating Experimental Research to the Bedside
Authors: Sbragia Lourenço , Figueira Rebeca Lopes , Miura da Costa Karina , Volpe Fábio Perecim
Published: August 2019

The survival rate of newborns with gastroschisis (GS) has been increasing in the past decades; however, the morbidity continues to be high, mainly related to the length of hospitalization due to disturbances of motility, absorption, and risk of intestinal infections. The development of basic research with the creation of experimental models has provided enormous advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease. These models allowed the study of the target genes involved in the embryology of the defect, the influence of the amniotic fluid, and the use of drugs and fetal therapies in an attempt to reduce the intestinal damage and to provide a rapid return of intestinal motility. Our aim was to describe the main GS models and the translational, historical impact of these research advances on the disease.
A Comparative Study of Auditory-Perceptual Speech Measures for the Early Detection of Mild Speech Impairments
Authors: Kuruvilla-Dugdale Mili , Threlkeld Katie , Salazar Mary , Nolan Gwen , Heidrick Lindsey
Published: August 2019

Background and Purpose The aim of the study was to compare transcription-based speech intelligibility and scaled speech severity for the detection of mild speech impairments, by studying these metrics across talkers with Parkinson's disease (PD), age- and sex-matched older adults, and younger adults. An additional aim was to determine the impact of listener experience on these clinical measures.

Methods Fifteen speakers from each experimental group were asked to read aloud 11 randomly generated sentences from the Speech Intelligibility Test at their typical speaking rate and loudness. Two groups of four listeners each, stratified as experienced or inexperienced listeners based on their clinical experience, judged the sentence samples. To estimate intelligibility, both listener groups were asked to orthographically transcribe exactly what they heard for each sentence. For severity estimates, the listener groups were asked to rate the sentences for overall quality based on voice, resonance, articulation, and prosody, using a visual analog scale.

Results Transcription-based intelligibility and scaled severity scores of the PD group differed significantly from those of the older and younger adults. Between-age group differences in intelligibility and scaled severity were not observed. Listener experience had an impact on scaled speech severity, but not speech intelligibility. Between-group differences in speech severity were driven by the inexperienced group and not the experienced listener group.

Implications Both transcription-based intelligibility and scaled severity estimates appear to be sensitive to relatively mild speech impairments in PD. Obtaining scaled severity is less labor intensive than transcription; therefore, visual analog scaling may be the preferred paradigm for clinical use. However, listener experience and training are important considerations for scaling techniques to be implemented clinically.
Linear unstable whistler eigenmodes excited by a finite electron beam
Authors: An Xin , Bortnik Jacob , Van Compernolle Bart
Published: August 2019

Electron beam-generated whistler waves are widely found in the Earth's space plasma environment and are intricately involved in a number of phenomena. Here, we study the linear growth of whistler eigenmodes excited by a finite gyrating electron beam, to facilitate the interpretation of relevant experiments on beam-generated whistler waves in the Large Plasma Device at UCLA. A linear instability analysis for an infinite gyrating beam is first performed. It is shown that the whistler waves are excited through a combination of cyclotron resonance, Landau resonance, and anomalous cyclotron resonance, consistent with our experimental results. By matching the whistler eigenmodes inside and outside the beam at the boundary, a linear growth rate is obtained for each wave mode and the corresponding mode structure is constructed. These eigenmodes peak near the beam boundary, leak out of the beam region, and decay to zero far away from the beam.
Breakdown of the heavy noble gases in a focused beam of powerful sub-THz gyrotron
Authors: Sidorov A. , Razin S. , Veselov A. , Vodopyanov A. , Morozkin M. , Glyavin M.
Published: August 2019

The results of experimental investigations of heavy noble gas breakdown thresholds in a focused beam of powerful subterahertz radiation are presented. The gas discharge, maintained by the powerful radiation of the terahertz frequency band, is a new specific object of gas discharge physics. This paper presents the experiments with pulsed gyrotrons capable of generating a power of 250 kW at a frequency of 250 GHz. The gyrotron wave beam was focused by means of quasioptical mirrors into the spot with a diameter less than 3 mm that provided intensity into the focal spot up to 3.5 MW/cm2. The achieved electrical field intensity was enough for gas breakdown into the range of pressure values of 1–1500 Torr for heavy noble gases (argon and krypton). The boundary values of field intensity for discharge existence were measured. Experimental data were compared to the analytical model of Raizer and Vyskrebentsev for monatomic gases.
Nonequilibrium heat transport in a molecular junction: A mixed quantum-classical approach
Authors: Carpio-Martínez Pablo , Hanna Gabriel
Published: August 2019

In a recent study [J. Liu et al., J. Chem. Phys. 149, 224104 (2018)], we developed a general mixed quantum-classical framework for studying heat transport through molecular junctions, in which the junction molecule is treated quantum mechanically and the thermal reservoirs to which the molecule is coupled are treated classically. This framework yields expressions for the transferred heat and steady-state heat current, which could be calculated using a variety of mixed quantum-classical dynamics methods. In this work, we use the recently developed “Deterministic Evolution of Coordinates with Initial Decoupled Equations” (DECIDE) method for calculating the steady-state heat current in the nonequilibrium spin-boson model in a variety of parameter regimes. Our results are compared and contrasted with those obtained using the numerically exact multilayer multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree approach, and using approximate methods, including mean field theory, Redfield theory, and adiabatic mixed quantum-classical dynamics. Despite some quantitative differences, the DECIDE method performs quite well, is capable of capturing the expected trends in the steady-state heat current, and, overall, outperforms the approximate methods. These results hold promise for DECIDE simulations of nonequilibrium heat transport in realistic models of nanoscale systems.
Thermal misbalance effect strong enough to create slow magnetoacoustic wave trains
Authors: Frank Jodi Ackerman
Published: August 2019

Researchers theoretically show that a thermal misbalance between plasma cooling and heating can excite quasi-periodic slow-wave trains even in a uniform plasma.
Molecular dynamics calculations reveal mechanism for cesium desorption in cesium-doped tungsten bronze
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: August 2019

First principles approach combined with potential-pH diagram elucidates how infrared absorbing nanoparticles in glass bleach in hot and humid environments.
Schur’s criterion for formal power series
Authors: Buslaev V. I.
Published: August 2019

A criterion for when a formal power series can be represented by a formal Schur continued fraction is stated. The proof proposed is based on a relationship, revealed here, between Hankel two-point determinants of a series and its Schur determinants.

Bibliography: 10 titles.
Metalloligand Strategies for Assembling Heteronuclear Nanocages – Recent Developments
Authors: Li Feng , Lindoy Leonard F.
Published: August 2019

The use of metalloligands as building blocks for the assembly of metallo-organic cages has received increasing attention over the past two decades or so. In part, the popularity of this approach reflects its stepwise nature that lends itself to the predesigned construction of metallocages and especially heteronuclear metallocages. The focus of the present discussion is on the use of metalloligands for the construction of discrete polyhedral cages, very often incorporating heterometal ions as structural elements. The metalloligand approach uses metal-bound multifunctional ligand building blocks that display predesigned structural properties for coordination to a second metal ion such that the rational design and construction of both homo- and heteronuclear metal–organic cages are facilitated. The present review covers published literature in the area from early 2015 to early 2019.
Response mechanism of denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation microorganisms to ammonia
Authors: Lou Juqing , Li Jiaping , Wang Xilei
Published: August 2019

Environmental contextDenitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation (DAMO) is a new process in wastewater treatment with the potential to provide cheap and sustainable development. To better apply this technology to the large scale, we studied the response mechanism of DAMO microorganisms to ammonia, the main form of nitrogen in the nitrogenous wastewater. The results can provide a theoretical basis for the stable and efficient operation of DAMO processes.
AbstractThe dominant microorganisms in the denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation (DAMO) process are primarily DAMO bacteria and DAMO archaea, which can simultaneously realise methane oxidation and denitrification. Ammonia is the primary form of nitrogen found in wastewater. This study focuses on a coexistence system that contains both DAMO bacteria and DAMO archaea (DAMO co-system). The short- and long-term effects of NH4+-N on the DAMO co-system were investigated at both the macro level (such as denitrification performance) and the micro level (such as microbial structure and community). Short-term experimental studies demonstrated that the safe concentration of ammonia for this system was 250mgNL−1. When the ammonia concentration was 500mgNL−1, the nitrogen removal efficiency was significantly inhibited. With an increase in concentration and an extension of time, the inhibitory effect of ammonia was enhanced. Long-term experimental studies showed that the nitrogen removal performance of DAMO was completely inhibited when the ammonia concentration reached 1000mgNL−1 and that ammonia had a toxic accumulation effect on the DAMO co-system. The results of the pH experimental study demonstrated that free ammonia (FA) was the limiting factor in the alkaline condition, while ionised NH4+ was the limiting factor in neutral and acidic conditions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated that the microbes in the DAMO co-system shrank after short-term exposure and that the microorganisms shrank in the shape of polygons. High-throughput sequencing analysis demonstrated that the community structure of the DAMO co-system changed substantially, and the species diversity and abundance decreased distinctly after long-term inhibition. A genus analysis indicated that the reduction in Nitrospirae may be an internal reason for the decrease in the denitrification performance of the DAMO co-system.
Early life history of tropical freshwater eels (Anguilla spp.) recruiting to Viti Levu, Fiji Islands, in the western South Pacific
Authors: Hewavitharane C. A. , Pickering T. D. , Rico C. , Mochioka N.
Published: August 2019

The oceanic early life histories of three species of tropical anguillid glass eels, namely Anguilla marmorata, Anguilla megastoma and Anguilla obscura, recruiting to Viti Levu, Fiji Islands, in the western South Pacific, were studied using otolith microstructures of 94 individuals. A. megastoma had the shortest leptocephalus duration, age at recruitment and metamorphosis stage (mean±s.d. 104.7±7.2, 141.3±8.7 and 36.6±8.5 days respectively), followed by A. marmorata (September–October recruitment peak: 113.0±11.9, 115.1±8.3 and 39.2±11.1 days respectively; April recruitment peak: 152.2±13.5, 154.0±12.5 and 38.9±10.1 days respectively) and A. obscura (118.0±10.2, 168.4±16.5 and 49.6±12.5 days respectively). A. obscura also had the shortest oceanic glass eel duration of (12.2±3.4 days), followed by both peaks of A. marmorata (23.3±3.2 and 20.2±3.3 days) and A. megastoma (20.7±6.7 days). Otolith increment rates during the leptocephalus stage did not differ significantly among the three species, but there were significant differences between the leptocephalus duration and metamorphosis stage of A. megastoma compared with A. marmorata and A. obscura, as well as in the oceanic glass eel duration of A. obscura compared with A. marmorata and A. megastoma. There were also significant differences in the age at recruitment among all three species. Back-calculated hatch dates suggest separate peak seasonal spawning periods for each of the three species.
Optimisation of tower site locations for camera-based wildfire detection systems
Authors: Heyns Andries , du Plessis Warren , Kosch Michael , Hough Gavin
Published: August 2019

Early forest fire detection can effectively be achieved by systems of specialised tower-mounted cameras. With the aim of maximising system visibility of smoke above a prescribed region, the process of selecting multiple tower sites from a large number of potential site locations is a complex combinatorial optimisation problem. Historically, these systems have been planned by foresters and locals with intimate knowledge of the terrain rather than by computational optimisation tools. When entering vast new territories, however, such knowledge and expertise may not be available to system planners. A tower site-selection optimisation framework that may be used in such circumstances is described in this paper. Metaheuristics are used to determine candidate site layouts for an area in the Nelspruit region in South Africa currently monitored by the ForestWatch detection system. Visibility cover superior to that of the existing system in the region is achieved and obtained in several days, whereas traditional approaches normally require months of speculation and planning. Following the results presented here, the optimisation framework is earmarked for use in future ForestWatch system planning.