bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta on gastrointestinal function with a matched cohort study
Authors: Matsumoto Shokei , Aoki Makoto , Funabiki Tomohiro , Shimizu Masayuki
Published: January 2024

Background

Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) can temporarily control arterial hemorrhage in torso trauma; however, the abdominal visceral blood flow is also blocked by REBOA. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of REBOA on gastrointestinal function.

Methods

A retrospective review identified all trauma patients admitted to our trauma center between 2008 and 2019. We used propensity score matching analysis to compare the gastrointestinal function between subjects who underwent REBOA and those who did not. Data on demographics, feeding intolerance (FI), time to feeding goal achievement, and complications were retrieved.

Results

During the study period, 55 patients underwent REBOA. A total of 1694 patients met the inclusion criteria, 27 of whom were a subset of those who underwent REBOA. After 1:1 propensity score matching, the REBOA and no-REBOA groups were assigned 22 patients each. Patients in the REBOA group had a significantly higher incidence of FI (77% vs. 27%; OR, 9.1; 95% CI, 2.31 to 35.7; p=0.002) and longer time to feeding goal achievement (8 vs. 6 days, p=0.022) than patients in the no-REBOA group. Patients in the REBOA group also showed significantly prolonged durations of ventilator use (8 vs. 4 days, p=0.023). Furthermore, there was no difference in the mortality rate between the groups (9% vs. 9%, p=1.000).

Conclusions

REBOA was associated with gastrointestinal dysfunction. Our study findings can be useful in providing guidance on managing nutrition in trauma patients who undergo REBOA.

Level of evidence

Level IV

Study type

Care management
Towards Simulation-Based Evaluation of Recommender Systems with Carousel Interfaces
Authors: Rahdari Behnam , Brusilovsky Peter , Kveton Branislav
Published: January 2024

Offline data-driven evaluation is considered a low-cost and more accessible alternative to the online empirical method of assessing the quality of recommender systems. Despite their popularity and effectiveness, most data-driven approaches are unsuitable for evaluating interactive recommender systems. In this article, we attempt to address this issue by simulating the user interactions with the system as a part of the evaluation process. Particularly, we demonstrate that simulated users find their desired item more efficiently when recommendations are presented as a list of carousels compared to a simple ranked list.
Magnitude and Predictors of Dietary Diversity among HIV-Infected Adults on Antiretroviral Therapy: The Case of North-Western, Ghana
Authors: Mornah Louis Nebayeng , Saaka Mahama , Pireh Diana
Published: January 2024

Introduction. Though people living with HIV/AIDS require a good combination of antiretroviral therapy and healthy dietary habits for a quality life and positive medical outcomes, little is, however, known regarding the dietary practices of HIV-positive patients who receive antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the Lawra Municipality. Objective. This study assessed the magnitude and factors associated with dietary diversity among HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods. This study was a facility-based cross-sectional study of 269 study participants recruited using a systematic random sampling technique. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with their dietary diversity. Results. This study shows that only 36 (13.4%) of the sample consumed a diversified diet with a mean dietary diversity score of 3.7 ± 0.99. Starchy staple foods (96.7%) and flesh food (92.9%) were the most consumed foods. Being a nonfarmer employee (AOR = 10.76, 95% CI = 1.03–112.35), not taking cotrimoxazole prophylaxis (AOR = 3.76, 95% CI = 1.02–14.37) and adults of age 18–27 years (AOR = 5.95, 95% CI = 1.18–30.07) were significant predictors of high dietary diversity. Conclusion. This study revealed that dietary diversity was a significant nutritional problem among HIV-positive adults in Lawra Municipal Hospital. Starchy staple foods and flesh food were the most consumed foods, while organ meats, dairy products, and eggs were eaten less. Having a secured salary paid job, not taking cotrimoxazole prophylaxis, and being a young adult were strong predictors of a high dietary diversity score. Therefore, efforts should be made to strengthen and improve the economic status and to educate these vulnerable groups on the need to adhere to cotrimoxazole prophylaxis uptake.
Crack Propagation Phenomenon in Gangue Concrete Using the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) Method
Authors: Pan Cheng , Zheng Zhiming , Yang Yu
Published: January 2024

In order to study the mode I crack propagation mechanism of coal gangue concrete with different contents, the digital image correlation (DIC) method was used to carry out the three-point bending fracture tests on coal gangue concrete with different contents. The results show that the process of the mode I crack propagation of coal gangue concrete with different contents can be divided into three stages as follows: the elastic stage before crack initiation, extended viscoelastic stage, and extended fracture stage. The amount of coal gangue has a significant impact on the crack propagation path. The more the amount of coal gangue, the more the crack penetrates through the coal gangue coarse aggregate, the smaller the bending degree of the failure path, and the faster the crack propagation to the penetration speed. The crack initiation load, ultimate load, external force work, gravity work, and fracture energy all decrease with the increase of the coal gangue content. The data obtained by the DIC method and displacement extensometer are in good agreement, which proves that the DIC method is feasible. Based on the DIC method, before reaching the horizontal displacement on both sides of the crack tip, the horizontal displacement of the horizontal pixel is very small and there is a jump increase after the ultimate load. There are obvious inflection points on the left and right, and the horizontal displacement remains unchanged after the inflection point. After the horizontal displacement field of crack propagation reaches the limit load, there is an obvious limit; the limit gradually extends upward, and the corresponding crack tip strain field is also gradually enhanced. The more the coal gangue is added, the smaller the corresponding horizontal displacement and strain field is at the same limit load moment. The shape of the crack generation area of coal gangue concrete takes the crack tip as the axis of symmetry and is “gourd shaped.” The more the content of the crack, the larger the crack generation area.
Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Chinese Version of the Authentic Nurse Leadership Questionnaire
Authors: Wang Hanyi , Wang Zequan , Chen Cancan , Wei Wanhong
Published: January 2024

Aims. To adapt the Authentic Nurse Leadership Questionnaire (ANLQ) to the Chinese cultural context and evaluate its psychometric properties. Background. Authenticity serves as a pivotal factor in the dynamic interaction between nurse leaders and nurse staff, exerting a profound influence on the growth of nurse individuals, healthcare teams, and organizations. However, there is still a dearth of research instruments to assess nurses’ perception of authentic leadership in China. Methods. After authorization from the original author and technical support had been secured, a systematic process of initial translation, back translation, expert panel review, and pretesting was employed to ensure cross-cultural adaptation in accordance with established guidelines. A two-stage study design was implemented. In stage 1, 189 nurses were sampled for psychometric validation, during which the internal consistency reliability, split-half reliability, and test-retest reliability were tested and exploratory factor analysis was performed. In stage 2, 255 nurses were sampled for confirmatory factor analysis and assessment of convergent and discriminant validity, to further validate the constructs. Results. In stage 1, the validated instrument showed a Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.973, a split-half coefficient of 0.888, and a test-retest reliability coefficient of 0.912. The exploratory factor analysis extracted five dimensions that accounted for 82.629% of the overall variance. The findings in stage 2 showed that the observed data were well fitted to the five-factor theoretical model, with acceptable levels of convergent and discriminant validity. Conclusions. The Chinese version of the ANLQ demonstrated appropriate psychometric properties, as evidenced by its good reliability and validity. Implications for Nursing Management. This study offers nurse administrators and executives a valuable instrument, enabling them to establish leadership evaluation criteria, conduct nurse leader performance appraisals, and assist in selecting new nurse leaders. Ultimately, this contributes to the cultivation and development of exceptional managers capable of providing positive leadership to their followers.
Iron and Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Patients with Autoimmune Gastritis and Helicobacter pylori Gastritis: Results from a Prospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Osmola Malgorzata , Chapelle Nicolas , Vibet Marie-Anne , Bigot-Corbel Edith , Masson Damien , Hemont Caroline , Jirka Adam , Blin Justine , Tougeron David , Moussata Driffa , Lamarque Dominique , Josien Regis , Mosnier Jean-François , Martin Jérôme , Matysiak-Budnik Tamara
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Iron and vitamin B12 deficiencies are common in patients with atrophic gastritis, but there are limited data on the prevalence of these deficiencies in different types of atrophic gastritis. Methods: This multicenter, prospective study assessed micronutrient concentrations in histologically confirmed autoimmune gastritis (AIG, n = 45), Helicobacter pylori-related non-autoimmune gastritis (NAIG, n = 109), and control patients (n = 201). A multivariate analysis was performed to determine factors influencing those deficiencies. Results: The median vitamin B12 concentration was significantly lower in AIG (367.5 pg/mL, Q1, Q3: 235.5, 524.5) than in NAIG (445.0 pg/mL, Q1, Q3: 355.0, 565.0, p = 0.001) and control patients (391.0 pg/mL, Q1, Q3: 323.5, 488.7, p = 0.001). Vitamin B12 deficiency was found in 13.3%, 1.5%, and 2.8% of AIG, NAIG, and control patients, respectively. Similarly, the median ferritin concentration was significantly lower in AIG (39.5 ng/mL, Q1, Q3: 15.4, 98.3 ng/mL) than in NAIG (80.5 ng/mL, Q1, Q3: 43.6, 133.9, p = 0.04) and control patients (66.5 ng/mL, Q1, Q3: 33.4, 119.8, p = 0.007). Iron deficiency and iron deficiency adjusted to CRP were present in 28.9% and 33.3% of AIG, 12.8% and 16.5% of NAIG, and 12.9% and 18.4% of controls, respectively. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that AIG patients had a higher risk of developing vitamin B12 deficiency (OR: 11.52 [2.85–57.64, p = 0.001]) and iron deficiency (OR: 2.92 [1.32–6.30, p = 0.007]) compared to control patients. Factors like age, sex, and H. pylori status did not affect the occurrence of vitamin B12 or iron deficiency. Conclusion: Iron and vitamin B12 deficiencies are more commonly observed in patients with AIG than in those with NAIG or control patients. Therefore, it is essential to screen for both iron and vitamin B12 deficiencies in AIG patients and include the treatment of micronutrient deficiencies in the management of atrophic gastritis patients.
Repulsive and attractive response of mature Rattus rattus towards conspecific natural urinary signals of the same and the opposite sex
Authors: Garg Nidhi , Singla Neena , Mahal Amrit Kaur
Published: January 2024

Urinary signals play an important role in communication between the individuals of the same species. The present study observed the response of mature male and female Rattus rattus towards conspecific natural urine of the same and the opposite sex. Responses to urine signals were determined based on food consumption on the treated and untreated sides of the cage. Mature male rats consumed significantly more food when treated with the urine of grouped mature female rats and female rats in the oestrous, pro-oestrous, di-oestrous, metoestrous, and lactation stages, while significantly low food consumption was observed in male rats in response to the urine of individual and grouped mature male rats, indicating strong attraction to the urine of the opposite sex and strong repulsion towards urine of the same sex. Similar observations were confirmed in bi-choice and multichoice maze experiments. Male rats did not show any significant response towards the urine of pregnant females. Under simulated store conditions, repulsion towards urine of the same sex was shown up to six days of exposure while the attraction towards the urine of the opposite sex was shown up to three days of exposure. Under simulated field conditions, the repulsive effect towards urine of the same sex remained for 9-13 days and the attractant effect to the urine of the opposite sex remained for all 15 days of the experiment. The study thus indicates that the reproductive condition of rats influences the communicative signals they produce as well as their own responses to conspecific signals of the same and the opposite sex.
A review of edible insect proteins application: health benefits and safety
Authors: Wang X. , Fu L.J. , Ma J.M. , Li Q. , Sun Y. , Wang Y. , Zhang Y.
Published: January 2024

In recent years, the rapid growth of the global population has led to a serious shortage of food resources, necessitating the exploration and utilization of new resources. Edible insects have gained attention due to their high protein content, similar to that of traditional meat proteins, along with a host of beneficial nutritional and health properties. Besides their wonderful nutritional composition, edible insect proteins also have various health benefits like antioxidation, anti-hypertension, anti-inflammation, antimicrobial activity, and immunoregulation. However, considerations regarding their safety and hygienic characteristics are crucial for their widespread development as a new protein source. Herein, we systematically summarized the nutritional value and functional features of insect protein, additionally, their applications and health benefits were also reviewed. Finally, their safety aspects and prospect of further research were also discussed in order to provide beneficial references for future research.
The Ming Dynasty (1368–1644) and Its Non-Han Military Auxiliaries
Authors: Robinson David
Published: January 2024

War is as much an exercise in building relations as breaking enemies. Relation building inevitably involves transfer—whether it is movement of people, exchange of goods, formation of social ties, or change of identity. This article focuses on efforts by the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) to secure skilled fighters from among populations that it viewed as distinct from the Chinese (or Han) majority but still integral parts of the polity. Contemporaries understood that alliances were indispensable for securing diverse sources of military labor, and they invested considerable political, economic, and cultural capital to build and maintain those relationships. The resulting exchanges, which included people, animals, textiles, gowns, silver, and more, were an essential feature of dynastic rule, a defining element of newly incorporated subjects, and an integral dimension of indigenous power.
Globba ruiliensis (Zingiberaceae), a new synonym of G. multiflora
Authors: JIN JIA YI , CHEN JUAN , BAI LIN
Published: January 2024

Based on an examination of herbarium specimens and fresh materials, it is confirmed that Globba ruiliensis is conspecific with G. multiflora. The former is treated as a synonym of the latter. Globba multiflora is newly recorded from Xizang, China. A lectotype is designated for G. multiflora. Taxonomic notes on this species are also provided.
The Secret Discipline: Time for a Revival?
Authors: Gammack George
Published: January 2024

The ancient practice of the secret discipline is given fresh application by Dietrich Bonhoeffer. From his early statement that faith must not ‘be screamed loudly in a propagandistic manner’, he later argues for the urgent priority of identifying with ‘the sufferings of God at the hands of a godless world’. This costly discipleship is both visible and hidden, ‘in the world’ as well as in the places of worship and devotion; the overriding concern is to ‘preserve the mysteries of the Christian faith.’ This creative covenantal tension can too easily dissolve into idolatry of too fixed institutional routines and a new diaspora is needed where the body of ‘Christ existing as community’ is formed in response to the human need which we encounter ‘in our place’. Some contemporary examples are given of where churches have ‘come out’ to form Christ in serving the people of their places.
Human rights violations and public support for sanctions
Authors: Arı Barış , Sonmez Burak
Published: January 2024

Public pressure to take punitive action against human rights violators is often a driving force behind international sanctions. However, we know little about the way in which public support is shaped by varying types of abuse, the costs and effectiveness of sanctions and the differential harm they inflict upon the target population and leadership. Our study specifically addresses this gap by unpicking contextual factors that jointly sway the perception of morality and the cost-benefit calculus. We propose that there is no simple trade-off between instrumental and moral concerns. The context within which violations take place and the interactions between moral and instrumental dimensions shape preference formation. Findings from our paired conjoint experiment suggest that whether respondents support imposing sanctions depends on the category of human rights abuse and its perceived salience. Individuals also prefer sheltering the target population while punishing the leadership, but collective punishment becomes less unacceptable if the majority of the target population support the human rights infringements. The desire to do something against the perpetrators amplifies the appeal of punishing the leadership but assuages the moral concerns of harming the population.
Beyond economic development? Foreign direct investment and pre-election violence
Authors: Palmtag Tabea , Paula Katrin , Rommel Tobias
Published: January 2024

Incumbents who resort to violence in efforts to secure their hold on power have been a major challenge for sub-Saharan Africa. At the same time, opening up domestic markets to international capital in the form of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has provided governments with more resources to garner the support of their citizens. How are these developments related? We argue that FDI reduces the likelihood that incumbents use violence in competitive regions. FDI has direct economic benefits for the population. Especially in competitive regions, where violence might reduce turnout even among their potential supporters, incumbents thus adapt their re-election strategies and use fewer violent means. We draw on geo-referenced data on election violence, FDI, and previous election results and match these within subnational regions. Investigating subnational variation in 15 sub-Saharan African countries, we find empirical support for our argument. FDI lowers pre-election violence in competitive regions, but has no effect in both incumbent and opposition strongholds. These findings are robust to using 10×10 km and 25×25 km grid cells and have important implications for democratic countries’ foreign policies: allowing multinational companies to invest in developing countries reduces violence, but might simultaneously bolster incumbent regimes.
Abducted by hackers: Using the case of Bletchley Park to construct a theory of intelligence performance that generalizes to cybersecurity
Authors: Lindsay Jon R
Published: January 2024

Most cyber intrusions are a form of intelligence rather than warfare, but intelligence remains undertheorized in international relations (IR). This article develops a theory of intelligence performance at the operational level, which is where technology is most likely to affect broader political and military outcomes. It uses the pragmatic method of abduction to bootstrap general theory from the historical case of Bletchley Park in World War II. This critical case of computationally enabled signals intelligence anticipates important later developments in cybersecurity. Bletchley Park was uncommonly successful due to four conditions drawn from contemporary practice of cryptography: radio networks provided connectivity; German targets created vulnerability; Britain invested in bureaucratic organization; and British personnel exercised discretion. The method of abduction is used to ground these particular conditions in IR theory, revisit the evaluation of the case, and consider historical disanalogies. The result is a more generalizable theory that can be applied to modern cybersecurity as well as traditional espionage. The overarching theme is that intelligence performance in any era depends on institutional context more than technological sophistication. The political distinctiveness of intelligence practice, in contrast to war or coercive diplomacy, is deceptive competition between rival institutions in a cooperatively constituted institutional environment. Because cyberspace is highly institutionalized, furthermore, intelligence contests become pervasive in cyberspace.
Introduction: Cyber-conflict – Moving from speculation to investigation
Authors: Shandler Ryan , Canetti Daphna
Published: January 2024

Investigating cyber conflict is enormously difficult. The domain is complex, quality data are sparse, international affairs are shrouded in secrecy, and despite its seeming ubiquity, cyber power has only recently entered the battlefield. In the face of these challenges, we must rise to meet the challenges of cybersecurity research by deploying creative methods that collect verifiable and probatory data, and which allow for predictive models of cyber behavior. Against this backdrop, our special issue offers a vision of cybersecurity research that embraces a culture of rigorous inquiry based on theoretically robust, and policy relevant investigation. We highlight two key features. First, research at the intersection of cybersecurity and political science must incorporate the human dimension of cyber conflict. A human security approach to cybersecurity places people as the primary objects of security and recognizes that individual-level analyses can shed light on macro-level trends. Second, cyber research must adopt rigorous, empirical methods. We embrace a broad tent of empirical data collection techniques – spanning qualitative and quantitative, experimental, and observational research. What is integral is that all scholarship abides by the highest standards of replicability and falsifiability. The articles contained in this special issue collectively form a proof of concept that expands the horizons of cybersecurity research from a substantive viewpoint (adding a human dimension to the prevalent military/strategic analyses), and from a methodological perspective (propounding the importance of empirical scrutiny). Together, these 10 pieces of scholarship collectively affirm that there is now a critical mass of substantively diverse and empirically rigorous research in the field of cybersecurity, and that we as a community are capable of making bold, theoretically grounded, and empirically tested claims that verify how cyber power is or is not altering the nature of peace, conflict and international relations.
Where is motivation in the science of reading?
Authors: Parsons Seth A. , Erickson Joy Dangora
Published: January 2024

Recently, the science of reading has garnered much attention in elementary schools across the U.S. The science of reading is a body of research on learning to read that has been accumulated through systematic inquiry. Seth A. Parsons and Joy Dangora Erickson argue that the way the science of reading is being implemented is missing a key ingredient: motivation. There is an expansive research base on the importance of motivation for learning. Using practical guidelines, they advocate infusing the science of reading with research on reading motivation to design instruction that optimally supports young learners.
Mentors’ recommendations for work-life balance
Authors: Gull Colby , Rush Leslie
Published: January 2024

New teachers benefit from mentoring from more experienced colleagues, and the Wyoming Teacher Mentor Corps (WTMC) provides high-quality training for master teachers to provide this mentoring support. As part of the program, mentors learn about assessment, communication, feedback, and work-life balance. Colby Gull and Leslie Rush describe how, as part of the training, mentors identified and prioritized critical principles for maintaining work-life balance. Strategies include shutting down and disconnecting from work, acknowledging one’s own humanity when making mistakes, and prioritizing and saying no when needed. The authors discuss these and other suggestions and how they might be used in school settings.
Confirming Eight-Factor Structure of the Substance Use Motives Measure in a Sample of US College Students
Authors: Strong Stephanie J. , Charles Nora E. , Bullerjahn Margaret R. , Tennity Cassidy , O’Dell Chloe , Cordova Emily
Published: January 2024

The 2020 National Survey on Drug Use indicates nearly three quarters of individuals ages 18-25 have used substances in the past year. Research suggests individuals who use substances to cope with negative mood states are typically more substance-involved, report more psychological distress, and have a more extensive treatment history. Additionally, the high rate of polysubstance use among substance using adults in the U.S. highlights the need for broadband measures that can adequately capture use, consequences, and motivations for use of multiple substances. However, most measures assessing motives for use are typically substance specific. Recently, Biolcati and Passini (2019) developed a brief, but comprehensive model of broad substance use motives (i.e., Substance Use Motives Measure, SUMM) based on well-established motives questionnaires (e.g., DMQ-R, MMQ). They found support for their proposed eight-factor model in an online sample of Italian citizens (ages 18–60). No studies to date have examined the psychometric properties of the SUMM with an English-speaking or US college student sample. The current study evaluates the factor structure of the SUMM in a sample of 143 college students (74.8% female, 77.6% White, and 94.4% non-Hispanic/Latinx) at a large, southeastern university in the United States. Results of a confirmatory factor analysis showed support for the previously identified eight-factor structure for the SUMM, with acceptable model fit and internal consistency of each factor found. Findings support using the SUMM as a broad measure of substance use motives, but more research is needed to assess measurement invariance across different groups and to evaluate external, concurrent, and convergent validity using other well-established measures of substance use motives, severity, and psychiatric symptomatology.
The “Beauty Premium” Phenomenon: Appearance Discrimination in the P2p Market
Authors: Li Hengyun , Cai Danting , Li Gang , Hu Mingming
Published: January 2024

The online P2P accommodation market, including Airbnb, encourages accommodation hosts to upload profile photos. However, the inclusion of a profile photo may carry consequences such as appearance discrimination. Using secondary Airbnb data from Beijing, China, this study investigates the presence of the “beauty premium” in the relatively low-priced accommodation market and examines the extent to which consumers discriminate based on hosts’ facial appearance from a supply perspective. Three experiments were conducted to respectively examine the impacts of hosts’ facial beauty on customers’ willingness-to-pay, boundary conditions, and underlying mechanisms. The findings emphasize the importance of hosts’ visual self-disclosure in reducing appearance-based discrimination. By providing practical implications for P2P platform operators and accommodation hosts, this research contributes to a better understanding of appearance-based biases in the online accommodation market and reveals strategies for mitigating negative effects.
The active production of consent for employment precarity and the euphemisation of coercion in platform economies: The case of food delivery riders
Authors: Pérez-de-Guzmán Padrón Sofía , Serrano-Pascual Amparo , Iglesias-Onofrio Marcela
Published: January 2024

The mobilisation of new distance-based technologies that permit the governance of platform workers’ behaviour constitutes a watershed in the organisation of work and a transformation of the grammar of wage-earning society. Employing a qualitative methodology, this article analyses Spanish riders’ (delivery couriers) experiences of these psychopolitical mechanisms. The results show that the neoliberal and entrepreneurial dispositive deployed by digital platforms induces new rationalities of self-governance that are characterised by productive self-optimisation and self-surveillance. However, the analysis also found that the interpellation of the dispositive and its technologies of subjectivation were not homogeneous across all of the study participants. The article describes the characteristics and argumentative positions of three groups of riders whose sociostructural position shaped their experiences and engagement with the platforms as well as resistance to control mechanisms and disciplinary processes.
Pregnancy-Related Recurrent Benign Goiter With Intratracheal Extension
Authors: Chaabouni Mohamed Amine , Kharrat Ines , Walha Omar , Abbes Asma , Ayadi Sirine , Sghaier Yasmine , Sellami Moncef , Charfeddine Ilhem
Published: January 2024

This report describes the unique case of a 37-year-old pregnant patient with a history of total thyroidectomy who presented worsening dyspnea due to a recurrent benign goiter. The goiter grew through the tracheal wall and narrowed the tracheal lumen. After unsuccessful treatment with bronchodilators and corticosteroids, the patient underwent an emergency tracheostomy and cesarean section. Cervicothoracic computed tomography revealed a 4 cm mass in the left lobe of the thyroid gland with endotracheal extension in the subglottic region. Exploratory cervicectomy revealed a macroscopically resected mass that resembles the structure of the thyroid, adherent to the esophagus, anterior to the cricoid cartilage, and the trachea. Intratracheal thyroid tissue was not excised due to the increased risk of bleeding, and endoscopically guided biopsies were performed. Histopathological examination confirmed the benign nature of the thyroid tissue. A follow-up computed tomography scan after 2 months showed spontaneous regression of the intratracheal mass, and the tracheostomy tube was successfully removed without complications.
Remembering a disastrous past to imagine catastrophic future(s) on social media: The expected Istanbul earthquake
Authors: Gülüm Erol
Published: January 2024

This article explores how collective memory of the 1999 Marmara earthquake frames collective thinking of “the expected Istanbul earthquake” through numerous catastrophic earthquake scenarios posted on the prominent Turkish social media platform called Ekşi Sözlük for nearly two decades. The article first integrates memory, media, and disaster studies to theorize how a looming catastrophe is (re)imagined in retrospect. It then analyzes earthquake scenarios using representative samples to illustrate how the oscillatory dynamics and acts of disaster memory shape the future thinking of a not-yet-come threat within a Turkish social media ecology.
Toxicologic Pathology Forum Opinion: Rational Approaches to Expanded Neurohistopathology Evaluation for Nonclinical General Toxicity Studies and Juvenile Animal Studies
Authors: Bolon Brad
Published: January 2024

Existing nervous system sampling and processing “best practices” for nonclinical general toxicity studies (GTS) were designed to assess test articles with unknown, no known, or well-known neurotoxic potential. Similar practices are applicable to juvenile animal studies (JAS). In GTS and JAS, the recommended baseline sampling for all species includes brain (7 sections), spinal cord (cervical and lumbar divisions [cross and longitudinal sections for each]), and 1 nerve (sciatic or tibial [cross and longitudinal sections]) in hematoxylin and eosin–stained sections. Extra sampling and processing (ie, an “expanded neurohistopathology evaluation” [ENHP]) are used for agents with anticipated neuroactivity (toxic ± therapeutic) of incompletely characterized location and degree. Expanded sampling incorporates additional brain (usually 8-15 sections total), spinal cord (thoracic ± sacral divisions), ganglia (somatic ± autonomic, often 2-8 total), and/or nerves (2-6 total) depending on the species and study objectives. Expanded processing typically adds special neurohistological procedures (usually 1-4 for selected samples) to characterize glial reactions, myelin integrity, and/or neuroaxonal damage. In my view, GTS and JAS designs should sample neural tissues at necropsy as if ENHP will be needed eventually, and when warranted ENHP may incorporate expanded sampling and/or expanded processing depending on the study objective(s).
The Logic of the Synthetic Supplement in Algorithmic Societies
Authors: Jacobsen Benjamin N.
Published: January 2024

What happens when there is not enough data to train machine learning algorithms? In recent years, so-called ‘synthetic data’ have been increasingly used to add to or supplement the training regimes of various machine learning algorithms. Seeking to read the notion of supplementarity differently through an engagement with the work of Jacques Derrida, I propose that the nascent emergence of synthetic data embodies what I call the logic of the synthetic supplement in algorithmic societies. I argue, on the one hand, that the synthetic supplement promises and claims to resolve the ethico-political tensions, frictions, and intractabilities of machine learning. On the other hand, it always falls short of these promises because it necessarily intervenes in that which it claims to merely augment. Ultimately, this means that the gaps and frictions of machine learning cannot be completely filled, supplemented, or resolved.
The “Me” in Media Multitasking: The Role of Temperament, Media Use Motivations and Executive Functioning in Adolescent Media Multitasking
Authors: Rogobete Doris Antonia , Ionescu Thea , Miclea Mircea
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to investigate the differential relationship between Temperament, Executive Functioning (EF) and Media Use Motivations and the frequency of two kinds of Media Multitasking (MM) in early adolescence. Results showed differential roles of temperamental Effortful Control, Negative Affectivity and Affiliativeness in predicting academic MM and MM with other media activities. Greater EF deficits in inhibition predicted more frequent MM with other media activities and fewer EF deficits in monitoring predicted more frequent academic MM. Significant relationships have also been found between some Media Use Motivations and MM. These results are discussed in the context of the changes in adolescents’ relationship to technology that have been brought by the COVID-19 pandemic and persist after its end. Implications also center on the need to consider the context and factors that generated MM in the first place to better understand MM effects.
When a disaster strikes: Are libraries in the Philippines ready?
Authors: Superio Daryl L , Yap Joseph M , Sebial-Guinanao Jufel Ma Lourdes , Calilung Roilingel P
Published: January 2024

Disasters, whether triggered by natural or man-made hazards, frequently threaten libraries in the Philippines. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, this research involved a detailed seven-part survey that was completed by 90 head librarians or officers-in-charge across the country. The findings indicate that many libraries have experienced disasters in the past decade. Despite this, most lack adequate preparedness, with 69 operating without a disaster management plan. This lack of preparedness is attributed to constraints such as limited finances and human resources, among others, along with a perception of low disaster risk. While most libraries have implemented basic emergency protocols, such as alarm systems and emergency kits, and some have insurance and updated emergency telephone trees, these measures fall short of the comprehensive requirements for effective disaster management. The study underscores the vital importance of disaster management plans, adequate equipment, sturdy library structures and strong library networks in disaster preparedness and management. It also calls for urgent action in policy enforcement, capacity building and further research to bolster the resilience of libraries against potential disasters.
Outcomes After Revision Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hurley Eoghan T. , Krez Alexandra N. , Wu Kevin A. , Levin Jay , Crook Bryan S. , Anakwenze Oke A. , Klifto Christopher S.
Published: January 2024

Background:

Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR) is one of the most commonly performed orthopaedic procedures; however, it is unclear how to manage patients with symptomatic retears.

Purpose:

To perform a systematic review to evaluate the outcomes of revision ARCR in the literature.

Study Design:

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A systematic literature search based on PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines was performed utilizing the Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library databases. Eligible for inclusion were clinical studies reporting on revision rotator cuff repair. Clinical outcomes were recorded.

Results:

The 17 included studies were composed of 888 shoulders in 885 patients. The mean age of the 885 patients was 58.6 ± 9.1 years, with a mean follow-up of 28.1 ± 22.1 months. The mean visual analog scale score was 2.1 ± 1.8, the mean American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score was 75.0 ± 18.3, and the mean Constant score was 67.4 ± 16.6. The overall rate of retears after revision was 25.3%, with an 8.0% reoperation rate including 2.7% undergoing reverse shoulder arthroplasty and 2.0% undergoing subsequent rotator cuff repair. Finally, the complication rate was 8.6%.

Conclusion:

Revision ARCR improved patient-reported outcomes, with 92% of patients free from reoperations at a mean follow-up of 2 years. Overall, 78.4% of patients were satisfied at final follow-up; however, the rate of retears was found to be higher than after primary ARCR.
Practices in the translation and editing of humanities and social science texts for publication in English: A qualitative survey of language professionals
Authors: Kelso Fiona , Lounds Alan , Sotejeff-Wilson Kate , Truax-Gischler Theresa
Published: January 2024

In 2006, the American Council of Learned Societies published the Guidelines for the Translation of Social Science Texts. Following a panel discussion at the annual conference of Mediterranean Editors and Translators on their continued relevance in an international publishing landscape increasingly populated by writers who use English as an additional language (EAL) a qualitative survey consisting of 10 open-ended questions was conducted in 2020 through several European language professional associations. At that time, the extent to which the practices of translators into English and editors working directly with EAL authors in the humanities and social sciences conformed to the self-reflexive methods of the Guidelines was not known. The 52 responses from language professionals based in European countries (44), North America (7), and Israel (1) were coded to obtain qualitative data on professionals’ opinions and practices. Respondents’ self-identifications were roughly divided between translators and editors, but further examination revealed 25 in fact working as translator–editors, 14 as editors, and 13 as translators. Most respondents engaged in some form of communication with the authors of the source texts regarding their translating/editing choices, although the strategies varied. Most attempted to retain the authors’ ‘voice’ but also felt the competing need to comply with prevailing expectations of international academic discourse in English. This article presents themes that emerged from the survey, which revealed both compliance with and divergence from the Guidelines across diverse academic and linguistic contexts, suggesting the need for updated guidelines and additional research on these mostly occluded author–language professional practices.
Narrating Access and Agency: Students With Intellectual Disability Share Their Experiences With Higher Education
Authors: Smith Phillandra S. , Myers Beth
Published: January 2024

Growing numbers of students with intellectual disability (ID) have gained access to universities and colleges through the development of inclusive postsecondary education (IPSE) programs. Despite having physical access to college and university campuses and even classroom spaces, navigating access to actual course content remains a challenge for many students and their instructors. Using semi-structured interviews with 10 students with ID at an IPSE program in the northeastern United States, this qualitative study was conducted to examine students’ experiences accessing course content in university courses. We highlight factors that students identified as significant contributors to their ability to access course content and experience success in the courses they took. Findings reveal that the students attribute a positive or negative course experience to course instructors’ relatability and ability to make course content accessible. Students discussed their desire to be viewed as fully matriculated students while receiving support. Implications for practice are provided.
Is part-time employment a temporary ‘stepping stone’ or a lasting ‘mommy track’? Legislation and mothers’ transition to full-time employment in Germany
Authors: Brehm Uta , Milewski Nadja
Published: January 2024

Research on reconciling family and employment debates if maternal part-time employment works as ‘stepping stone’ to full-time employment or as gateway to a long-term ‘mommy track’. We analyse how mothers’ transition from part-time to full-time employment is shaped by changing reconciliation legislations and how this is moderated by reconciliation-relevant factors like individual behaviours and macro conditions. We extend the literature on work–family reconciliation by investigating mothers’ employment behaviour after the birth of their last child, i.e., after the family formative phase. We draw upon Germany with its considerable regional and historical heterogeneity. Using event history methods on SOEP-data, we observe mothers who (re)enter part-time employment (i.e., up to 30 weekly working hours) after their last childbirth. Results suggest that the impact of reconciliation legislations depends on the moderation by other factors. Recent reconciliation-friendly legislations may have contributed to the polarization of maternal employment patterns: more and less employment-oriented mothers diverge sooner after childbirth than before. Legislations co-occur with increases both in childcare institutions and part-time culture, but their moderation effects compete. Hence, boosting part-time work as either a ‘stepping stone’ or a ‘mommy track’ requires a deep understanding of the mechanisms behind legislations as well as more explicit policy incentives.
A Novel Methodology for Engaging Complex Therapeutic Landscapes and Health Care Performances: “Theatricality”
Authors: Croke Sarah , Freshwater Dawn
Published: January 2024

Complex health care interventions often consist of specific and non-specific effects and can present a methodological and intellectual challenge to researchers. This is especially the case in Complementary and Integrative Medicines (CIM), where research may inadequately capture the holistic nature of therapies, affecting the quality of outcomes and evidence reported. This article introduces a novel approach that advances methodology and helps researchers to “step inside” the therapeutic drama, to improve the quality of evidence produced. The method, termed Theatricality, was trialed in five complementary health centers across four European countries and provides a fresh view of therapy, where the interventions, practitioners, and researchers appear bound by their context and space, creating, or limiting the potential for these acts. Delivered as an adjunct to Ethnography, this approach offers a new way of conceiving, capturing, and communicating whole health care performances that may help to improve the quality of evidence in complex health care interventions.
Ibudilast reduces slowly enlarging lesions in progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Nakamura Kunio , Thoomukuntla Bhaskar , Bena James , Cohen Jeffrey A , Fox Robert J , Ontaneda Daniel
Published: January 2024

Background:

Ibudilast has shown beneficial effects on several imaging outcomes in progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). Slowly enlarging lesions are a proposed imaging biomarker of compartmentalized inflammation within chronic active lesions.

Objective:

To assess the treatment effect of ibudilast on slowly enlarging lesion volumes over 96 weeks from a phase II clinical trial of ibudilast (Secondary and Primary Progressive Ibudilast NeuroNEXT Trial in Multiple Sclerosis [SPRINT-MS]).

Methods:

In total, 255 participants with progressive MS from 28 sites were randomized to oral ibudilast or placebo. Participants with at least four analyzable magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were included. Slowly enlarging lesions were quantified using Jacobian determinant maps. A linear model was used to assess the effect of ibudilast. Magnetization transfer ratio within slowly enlarging lesions was assessed to determine the effect of ibudilast on tissue integrity.

Results:

In total, 195 participants were included in this analysis. Ibudilast significantly decreased slowly enlarging lesion volume (23%, p = 0.003). Ibudilast also reduced magnetization transfer ratio change in slowly enlarging lesions: 0.22%/year, p = 0.04.

Conclusion:

Ibudilast showed a significant effect on baseline volume of lesions that were slowly enlarging and magnetization transfer ratio in slowly enlarging lesions. The results support the use of slowly enlarging lesions for assessment of compartmentalized inflammation represented by chronic active lesions and provide further support for the neuroprotective effects of ibudilast in progressive MS.
A graphical method for causal program attribution in theory-based evaluation
Authors: Schmidt Rodney
Published: January 2024

We describe a simple yet rigorous graphical method for eliminating bias in theory-based program evaluation. The method is an application to social and international development program evaluation of the graphical causal models used to test medical treatments. We implement a graphical causal model for the World Bank’s well-known Bangladesh Integrated Nutrition Project. We show how to construct the graphical causal model to represent program theory in context in explicitly causal terms. We then show how to visually inspect the graphical causal model to distinguish causal from non-causal associations between variables in evaluation data. Finally, we show how to select a set of adjustment variables to neutralize non-causal associations, eliminating bias in all forms of causal inference—qualitative and quantitative, linear and non-linear.