bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimating lung cancer risk from chest X-ray and symptoms: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Bradley Stephen H , Hatton Nathaniel Luke Fielding , Aslam Rehima , Bhartia Bobby , Callister Matthew EJ , Kennedy Martyn PT , Mounce Luke TA , Shinkins Bethany , Hamilton William T , Neal Richard D
Published: November 2020

Background

Chest X-ray (CXR) is the first-line investigation for lung cancer in many countries but previous research has suggested that the disease is not detected by CXR in approximately 20% of patients. The risk of lung cancer, with particular symptoms, following a negative CXR is not known.

Aim

To establish the sensitivity and specificity of CXR requested by patients who are symptomatic; determine the positive predictive values (PPVs) of each presenting symptom of lung cancer following a negative CXR; and determine whether symptoms associated with lung cancer are different in those who had a positive CXR result compared with those who had a negative CXR result.

Design and setting

A prospective cohort study was conducted in Leeds, UK, based on routinely collected data from a service that allowed patients with symptoms of lung cancer to request CXR.

Method

Symptom data were combined with a diagnostic category (positive or negative) for each CXR, and the sensitivity and specificity of CXR for lung cancer were calculated. The PPV of lung cancer associated with each symptom or combination of symptoms was estimated for those patients with a negative CXR.

Results

In total, 114 (1.3%) of 8996 patients who requested a CXR were diagnosed with lung cancer within 1 year. Sensitivity was 75.4% and specificity was 90.2%. The PPV of all symptoms for a diagnosis of lung cancer within 1 year of CXR was <1% for all individual symptoms except for haemoptysis, which had a PPV of 2.9%. PPVs for a diagnosis of lung cancer within 2 years of CXR was <1.5% for all single symptoms except for haemoptysis, which had a PPV of 3.9%.

Conclusion

CXR has limited sensitivity; however, in a population with a low prevalence of lung cancer, its high specificity and negative predictive value means that lung cancer is very unlikely to be present following a negative result. Findings also support guidance that unexplained haemoptysis warrants urgent referral, regardless of CXR result.
Breve revisão de literatura sobre educação escolar na prisão
Authors: Barcelos Clayton da Silva , Do Nascimento Osório Antônio Carlos
Published: November 2020

A execução penal e a educação escolar em prisões são temas que vêm ganhando debate no país, sob distintos olhares, em especial pelo fato do Brasil ser um país que encarcera em massa jovens em sua maioria pretos e periféricos. De modo a compreender como estes temas têm sido discutidos, o presente trabalho realizou o estado do conhecimento sobre a educação na prisão e a percepção de professores e agentes penitenciários quanto ao assunto. A investigação teve por metodologia de pesquisa a procura em plataformas online, visando revisar a literatura quanto a teses, dissertações e artigos referentes ao tema. Os resultados demonstram que a temática sob a ótica de professores e agentes penitenciários ainda é um campo a ser ampliado pela comunidade científica, visto não terem sido encontrados trabalhos com a temática proposta pelos autores deste estudo.
Avaliação temporal da quantidade e da qualidade físico-química e biológica das águas do ribeirão Espírito Santo
Authors: Brovini Emília Marques , Moreira Guilherme Sena Veloso Stefani , Resende Nathália da Silva , Cardoso Simone Jaqueline , Pereira Renata de Oliveira , Gomes Maria Helena Rodrigues
Published: November 2020

O objetivo do trabalho é realizar uma análise da quantidade e da qualidade físico-química e biológica das águas de um trecho doribeirão Espírito Santo, bem como avaliar a densidade e a riqueza das espécies fitoplanctônicas nas águas e quais nutrientes são determinantes na sua limitação. Foram realizadas 10 coletas ao longo de 5 anos em 3 pontosao longo da baciahidrográfica do ribeirão Espírito Santo.O ponto 1 se encontra em ambiente rural. O ponto 2 está situado após a captação de água da Estação de Tratamento de Água. O ponto 3 transpassa o Distrito Industrial de Juiz de Fora. O ponto 1 apresentou maior influência nos parâmetros físicos e químicos com o aumento da vazão do que os pontos 2 e 3. Fato esse que pode ser explicado pela contribuição do carreamento de compostos pelas chuvas. Algumas vazões medidas apresentaramvalores menores do que a Q7,10, revelando a importância da continuidade do monitoramento.O ponto 2 e 3 são influenciados pelos despejos de efluentes. Isso faz com que suas águas sejam nutricionalmente mais ricas do que o ponto 1, formando um ambiente favorável para adominância fitoplantônica. Ainda assim, o ponto 3 é o mais degradado, possuindo mais parâmetros em desconformidade com as normas.
Estimação de Fontes Harmônicas em Sistemas de Potência
Authors: Mesquita Arthur , Lima Marcelo , Wulfert Thales , Delgado Igor , Manso Leandro , Duque Carlos , Variz Abílio
Published: November 2020

Este artigo apresenta uma metodologia para a estimação de fontes de correntes harmônicas em sistemas elétricos de potência a partir do uso da Análise de Componentes Independentes (ICA). Através dos fasores de tensão harmônica complexa obtidos por PMUs (Phasor Measurement Units), os perfis harmônicos podem ser observados e considerados para a estimação das fontes. Um algoritmo baseado em um filtro de média móvel é responsável por dissociar as variações lentas e rápidas dos perfis harmônicos que são empregados à ICA para a estimação das fontes de corrente, rastreando-as ao longo do dia. Simulações computacionais no sistema IEEE 14 Barras são realizadas no intuito de validar a metodologia proposta.
The Dynamics of the S(1D)+H2/D2 Reactions at Low Temperature via Statistical Simulations
Authors: Gonzalez-Lezana Tomas , Larrégaray Pascal , Bonnet Laurent
Published: November 2020

Two different statistical approaches, the statistical quantum model (SQM) and the mean potential phase space theory (MPPST), have been employed to calculate the integral cross sections for the reactive collisions between S(1D) and H2/ D2  in the low energy regime (below 0.3 eV collisional energy). The rate constant for the S(1D) + H2 → SH + H reaction has been also obtained and compared with previously reported experimental and theoretical results. The good agreement shows the capability of these two methods to study the dynamics of these complex-forming atom-diatom processes in the present energy regime.
An Impurity Effect for the Rates of the Interparticle Coulombic Decay
Authors: Guskov Vladislav , Langkabel Fabian , Berg Matthias , Bande Annika
Published: November 2020

The interparticle Coulombic decay is a synchronized decay and ionization phenomenon occurring on two separated and only Coulomb interaction coupled electron binding sites. This publication explores how drastically small environmental changes in between the two sites, basically impurities, can alter the ionization properties and process rate, although the involved electronic transitions remain unaltered. A comparison among the present electron dynamics calculations for the example of different types of quantum dots, accommodating a one- or a two-dimensional continuum for the outgoing electron, and the well-investigated atomic and molecular cases with three-dimensional continuum, reveals that the impurity effect is most pronounced the stronger that electron is confined. This necessarily leads to challenges and opportunities in a quantum dot experiment to prove the interparticle Coulombic decay.
PENGARUH PERENCANAAN PAJAK DAN PROFITABILITAS TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN PADA PERUSAHAAN PERTAMBANGAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Muslim Abdul , Junaidi Ahmad
Published: November 2020

This study aims to measure tax planning and profitability on firm value in mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2014-2018. Firm value, tax planning, and profitability use the Q ratio (Tobins Q), Effective Tax Rate (ETR), and Return on Equity (ROE). The research sample consisted of 36 data and the method of analysis used multiple linear regression analysis. The test results show that tax planning has an effect but not significantly on firm value and profitability has a significant effect on firm value.

Keywords: Tax planning, profitability, company value
PENGARUH PANDEMI COVID-19 TERHADAP UMKM DI INDONESIA
Authors: Rosita Rahmi
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk dan menganalisis sejauh mana pengaruh pandemi covid-19 terhadap UMKM yang ada di Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif, dengan menggunakan sumber data sekunder dari hasil penelitian, referensi dan berita online yang terkait langsung dengan penelitian ini. Sejak merebaknya virus corona atau yang dikenal dengan pandemi covid-19 terjadilah penurunan omzet pelaku UMKM yang sangat signifikan.Terdapat beberapa lapangan usaha UMKM yang terkena dampak yang paling besar yaitu penyedia akomodasi, pariwisata, dan makan minum, perdagangan besar dan eceran, serta reparasi sepeda motor dan transportasi dan perdagangan. Berdasarkan data yang diolah P2E LIPI, dampak penurunan pariwisata terhadap UMKM yang bergerak dalam usaha makanan dan minuman mikro mencapai 27%. Sedangkan dampak terhadap usaha kecil makanan dan minuman sebesar 1,77%, dan usaha menengah di angka 0,07%. Pengaruh virus COVID-19 terhadap unit kerajinan dari kayu dan rotan, usaha mikro berada di angka 17,03%. Untuk usaha kecil di sektor kerajinan kayu dan rotan 1,77% dan usaha menengah 0,01%. Sementara itu, konsumsi rumah tangga juga akan terkoreksi antara 0,5% hingga 0,8%. Perkembangan digital dalam globalisasi sangat berpengaruh pada roda ekonomi termasuk pasar ritel. Hasil penellitian menunjukkan bahwa UMKM adalah jenis usaha perekonomian yang paling banyak terdampak dari pandemic covid-19 meliputi indusri automotif, industri baja, peralatan listrik, industri tekstil, kerajinan dan alat berat, pariwisata. Sedangkan industri yang mampu bertahan di masa pandemic covid-19 adalah 1. UMKM yang mampu mengadaptasikan bisnisnya dengan produk-produk inovasi2. Industri ritel yang mampu bertahan , hal ini dikarenakan sebagian memanfaatkan penjualan melalui marketing digital 3. Industri lain yang mampu bertahan dimasa pandemi covid 19 adalah industri yang terkait dengan pemenuhan kebutuhan dasar, antara lain listik, air bersih, pertanian, peternakan, perkebunan, perikanan, otomotif dan perbankan.  Industri yang mengalami perkembangan selama masa pandemic covid-19 adalah pangan, farmasi, teknologi Informasi dan komunikasi.

Kata kunci :  Pandemi, COVID-19, UMKM
Vaccines’ Candidates Against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: ISI-SENAI-CIMATEC Group  , Development and Innovation Laboratory of Butantan Institute
Published: November 2020

Scientists, health organizations, and pharmaceutical companies are making a large global effort to develop vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, the virus of COVID-19 since the outbreak began. Until now, we have more than 150 candidates. However, 19 vaccine candidates have entered clinical trials in phase 2 and 3 trials (31 July 2020). In this article we aimed to present the platforms for COVID-19 vaccine, the types of vaccines (live, attenuated, inactivated, DNA/RNA, proteins subunits, viral vector), the antigen selection, adjuvants, and we focused on the phase 2/3 trial vaccines at this point (Sinopharm, Coronavac, Moderna, Oxford, Biontech). We searched the data in the main database (PubMed/Medline, Elsevier Science Direct, Scopus, Isi Web of Science, Embase, Excerpta Medica, UptoDate, Lilacs, Novel Coronavirus Resource Directory from Elsevier), in the high-impact international scientific Journals (Scimago Journal and Country Rank - SJR - and Journal Citation Reports - JCR), such as The Lancet, Science, Nature, The New England Journal of Medicine, Physiological Reviews, Journal of the American Medical Association, Plos One, Journal of Clinical Investigation, and in the data from Center for Disease Control (CDC), National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) and World Health Organization (WHO). We prior selected meta-analysis, systematic reviews, article reviews, and original articles in this order. We reviewed 216 articles and used 106 from March to June 2020, using the terms coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, novel coronavirus, Wuhan coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome, 2019-nCoV, 2019 novel coronavirus, n-CoV-2, covid, n-SARS-2, COVID-19, corona virus, coronaviruses, vaccine, platform, antigen, subunit, live and attenuated vaccine, RNA vaccine, live vaccine, inactivated vaccine, types of vaccines, adjuvants, replication, viral vector, phase 1-3, trial, with the tools MeSH (Medical Subject Headings), AND, OR, and the characters [,“,; /., to ensure the best review topics. We concluded that although vaccines have shown safety in phase 1 and efficacy in phase 2 and the beginning of phase 3 is starting, the most renowned scientists believe that a vaccine will be available only in the middle of next year.
Orphans and stunted growth: Investigating the potential of spatial network effects in service delivery for reducing stunting in orphans
Authors: Bridgman Grace
Published: November 2020

Stunted growth in early life has serious implications for children and is a well-established constraint to productivity, life expectancy, and cognitive development. This paper evaluates the relative contributions of household resources and public service delivery in reducing the orphan-stunting penalty—the higher likelihood of orphans to be stunted. The results indicate that the effects of access to sanitation significantly reduce this penalty. Moreover, sanitation is at least as important as private wealth in reducing the penalty while access to other services is not. The results indicate that co-ordination of services and economies of scale, as well as regional herd immunity in stopping diarrhoea among children, could play an important role in providing lasting solutions to stunting more generally and orphan vulnerability in particular. This evidence is crucial as a case study in understanding how best to care for vulnerable children in South Africa but also for developing countries.
Horizontal inequality, COVID-19, and lockdown readiness: Evidence from India
Authors: Gisselquist Rachel M. , Kundu Anustup
Published: November 2020

A growing body of research shows that COVID-19 both reﬂects and exacerbates existing inequalities. However, there are significant gaps in this research area with respect to ‘horizontal’ or group-based inequalities in Global South countries. Lack of group-disaggregated data often contributes. In this paper, we use available data to explore how horizontal inequality in India may inﬂuence COVID-19’s impact through the differential impact of lockdown policies across caste and religious groups, as well as across states and urban-rural areas. In so doing, we build upon Egger et al. (2020)’s lockdown readiness index. India, the second most populous country in the world, is a relevant case for such analysis not only because it has pronounced horizontal inequality, but also because it adopted an especially stringent lockdown policy. Our analysis illustrates stark differences in lockdown readiness across groups, which in turn could exacerbate existing horizontal inequalities.
Farklı Miktarlarda Seryum ve Silisyum İçeren Alüminyum Alaşımlarının Karşılaştırılması
Authors: CENGİZ Sezgin
Published: November 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı, özellikle yüksek sıcaklık uygulamalarında sınırlı seviyede kullanılabilen ticari Al-Si alaşımlarına iyi bir alternatif olabilecek Al-Ce alaşımlarının sentezlenmesi ve mikroyapısal açıdan incelenmesidir. Bu kapsamda ticari olarak Al-9Si Al-12,5Si ve Al-18Si (ağırlıkça % Si) alaşımlarıyla, Al-13,5Ce, Al-18Ce ve Al-27Ce (ağırlıkça % Ce) alaşımları karşılaştırılmıştır. Al-Si alaşımlarında α-Al, ötektik Al-Si, birincil Si yapıları, Al-Ce alaşımlarında ise α-Al, ötektik ince Al11Ce3 ve birincil kaba Al11Ce3 intermetalik parçacıklarının olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Al-Ce alaşımı içerisine katkılandırılan Ce miktarı artışına bağlı olarak ötektik Al11Ce3 fazı azalırken, kaba Al11Ce3 intermetalik yapılarının miktarı ve iriliği artmaktadır. Alaşım içerisine katkılandırılan alaşım elementleri miktarının artışı, alaşımların sertlik değerlerini arttırmıştır. Bu iki alaşım grubunun sertlik değerleri karşılaştırıldığında Al-Si alaşımlarının sertlik değerleri Al-Ce alaşımlarından daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Azerbaycan’ın Aquatik Bitki Kommuniteleri’nin Fitososyolojik Özellikleri
Authors: MUSAYEV Murad , ATAMOV Vagif
Published: November 2020

u çalışma 2007-2017 yılları arasında Azerbaycan’ın su-bataklık vejetasyonunda yayılış gösteren bitki birliklerininin belirlenmesi amacı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Habitat ve fitososyolojik özelliklerine göre 5 tipe ait toplam 101 bitki birliği ve gruplaşmaları belirlenmiştir. Bunlardan; saf su içi birlikler 33, sahil bataklık birlikleri 31, ıslak çimen birlikleri 13, sucul orman birlikleri 8, hidrohalofitleri ise 17 bitki birliğinden oluşmaktadır. Vejetasyonun oluşumunda Pragmites austuralis, Juncus litoralis, J. acutus, Typha latifolia, T. angustifolia, Schoeneplectus marittimus, Potamageton salicifolius, P. pectinatus, Najas minor ssp. intermedia, N. minor ssp. armata, N. minor ssp. marina, Ceratophyllum submersum, C. demersum, Polygonum amfibium popülasyonu yoğun olan taksonlardır.
“Planeta das cores”
Authors: Leitão Ana , Pereira Ana Paula Marques Sampaio , Gonçalves Ana Cristina , Santos Fernando Luís , Nogueira Rosa Helena de Pernambuco , Rézio Sofia , Torres Zélia Leandro Sequeira Belo
Published: November 2020

Enquadrado numa experiência pedagógica, estudantes do primeiro ano do Mestrado Profissionalizante em Educação Básica, baseados em livros infantis, organizaram atividades pedagógicas, diversificadas e lúdicas para crianças/alunos explorarem de acordo com a faixa etária a que pertencem, numa perspetiva transdisciplinar de aprendizagens significativas. O Projeto decorreu durante o segundo semestre do ano letivo 2019/2020 em modalidade online devido à pandemia da Covid-19. O objetivo foi a criação de um caderno digital com recursos didáticos para serem explorados pelos encarregados de educação e pela população em geral, interessada em atividades lúdicas como reforço e incentivo à prática e exploração das diversas aprendizagens. Cada atividade é rica não só em conteúdos educativos, como em dimensões pedagógicas, didáticas e de formação de pessoas conscientes do seu património cultural. Esta experiência criou exemplos de isomorfismo pedagógico e de criação de uma comunidade de aprendizagem.
Gel permeation chromatography analysis of remaining components of electron-beam-irradiated ZEP520A resist after development
Authors: Nakajima Ayako , Hoshino Manabu , Kozawa Takahiro
Published: November 2020

Stochastic defects including line edge roughness are a significant problem in nanofabrication. In this study, the components of ZEP520A electron beam (EB) resist remaining after development were investigated by gel permeation chromatography. When the resist was irradiated with EB at a moderate dose, which corresponds to the dose at the boundary between resist patterns and spaces, low-molecular-weight components were preferentially dissolved in the developer and high-molecular-weight components remained. Consequently, the film density is considered to have become lower than its initial value. Such dissolution behavior is likely to contribute to the formation of a rough resist surface.
Kepastian Hukum Pelaksanaan Khiyar Syarat Dalam Bai’Salam Online Melalui Instagram
Authors: Wahyu Wahyu , Tektona Rahmadi Indra
Published: November 2020

Islam strongly emphasizes that all economic activities carried out by humans in the world are an accountability that must be in accordance with Islamic law. In the Sharia economy there are khiyar rights which are expected to provide good benefits in the sale and purchase agreement and make buying and selling activities in accordance with the principles of Islamic law, it is consensual and also providing benefits to the parties in accordance with the provisions in Islamic law and the existence of willingness or sincerity in buying and selling activities in accordance with the Koran and hadith. Currently, many buying and selling transactions are carried out online, one of which is using the social media, Instagram, which has millions of users who can exceed time and space. Many business actors ranging from housewives, students, state employees, private employees who post goods to be traded on Instagram, behind this convenience, of course there are problems, it is the existing image and the merchant’s reputation is something that is highly valued in online trading. The problem that arises in the online buying and selling contract is the mismatch of goods with pictures and descriptions on social media resulting in a one-sided cancellation of the purchase of ordered goods by the buyer and this results in losses to the seller, even though before the transaction the two parties have mutually agreed. The research objective of this paper was to analyze legal certainty in the implementation of khiyar in purchasing ordered goods in online buying and selling transactions via Instagram, the research method used is normative juridical, the results of research on the form of legal certainty in the implementation of khiyar.
Keywords: Legal certainty, Khiyar Syarat, Bai’ Salam Online
Analisis Kelembagaan Pengelolaan Zakat Dan Fungsi Sosial Perbankan Syariah
Authors: Putra Adiyes , Nurnasrina Nurnasrina
Published: November 2020

Institutional zakat in Islamic banking has been regulated in Article 4 Paragraph 2 of Law No. 21 of 2008 concerning Islamic Banking. Where in that article Islamic banks are allowed to perform social functions in the form of collecting zakat, donations, alms, grants, or other social funds. The activities of Islamic banks conducting social activities become additional activities for Islamic banks. In contrast to the main function of Islamic banks as an intermediary function such as the collection and distribution of public funds that are required for Islamic banks to do so, while the social functions of Islamic banks only written in the Islamic banking Act can run, meaning that Islamic banks can choose between performing social functions or not doing it. The uncertainty of the Sharia Banking Law in regulating social functions makes Islamic banks not full of seriousness in carrying out these social functions. The lack of seriousness of this Islamic bank can be seen from the 14 Sharia Commercial Banks (BUS), only 10 BUSs that carry out social functions, and there are still 4 BUSs that have not yet performed social functions. The total funds that have been successfully collected and utilized by 10 BUS in the last 2 years are in 2017 Islamic banks collect zakat funds of Rp. 76.7 billion or 1.23% of the total funds raised by BAZNAS and LAZ (Rp. 6.22 trillion). In 2018 the collection of zakat funds through BUS experienced an increase of 16% from 2017 or collected Rp. 88.9 billion or 1.1% of the total zakat funds raised by BAZNAS and LAZ (Rp. 8.1 trillion). When compared to the amount of zakat fund raised by this BUS with the potential for national zakat totaling Rp. 217 Trillions, of course the achievement is not up to 1%, this means that the collection of zakat funds by the BUS is still far from expectations.
Keywords: Zakat Institution, Social Function, Zakat, Islamic Bank
Bird safety coating for architectural and commercial applications
Authors: Vikor György , Disteldorf Bernd , Wuillaume Francis , Weng Jian-gang , Burghardt Adam , Sobolev Alexander , Devisetti Suresh , Brecht Greg
Published: November 2020

Scientific observations conclude that modern buildings can cause a high number of bird deaths due to birds’ collision with glass windows and glass walls. There are many efforts to put bird-deterrent patterns on glass in order to avoid bird collision. To make the patterns environment-friendly and meanwhile invisible for human eye, we developed a special “first surface PVD coating”. This paper describes a design for bird-deterrent stack from sputter-coating processes, our method to improve the contrast ratio between coated and uncoated area, followed by some discussions on the tunnel-test results.
A rare, but to be considered disease, in the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain: Mesenteric Panniculitis
Authors: Yardımcı Bülent
Published: November 2020

Abdominal pains are one of the major topics of emergency clinics.  Mesenteric panniculitis (MP) is one of the rarely encountered causes of abdominal pain and is known as an idiopathic disease with a good prognosis. MP may cause abdominal pain, abdominal mass and intestinal obstruction. Infections, autoimmune diseases and abdominal traumas may trigger MP. The disease may coexist with malignancy and has a high probability of developing malignancy in MP patients. In this case report, a 59-year-old female patient, who came to our Internal Medicine Outpatient Clinic with abdominal pain and who was diagnosed with MP, is presented.
Prediction of prognosis with neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-lymphocyte ratio, and pathological parameters in operated gastric cancer
Authors: Mermut Ozlem , Inanc Berrin
Published: November 2020

Objective: Inflammatory markers are of prognostic importance in many malignancies. This study aimed to examine the effects of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and pathological parameters on survival in preoperative complete blood counts in patients with operated gastric cancer.

Material and Methods: Between 2012 and 2017, 281 patients were analyzed after total/subtotal gastrectomy. According to the ROC curve, we determined the cut-off values for NLR as 2.5 and PLR as 158. Overall survival (OS) was calculated from surgery to the last interview or to death.

Results: In univariate analysis age ≥ 55 (p = 0.028), non-adeno hystology (p = 0.003), lenfovascular invasion (LVI) positivity (p = 0.003), perineural invasion (PNI) positivity (p < 0.001), T 3-4 stage (p = 0.006), lymph node involvement (LN) 2-3 (p < 0.001), metastatic stage (p <  0.001), NLR ≥ 2.5 ( p<0.001) and PLR ≥ 158 (p < 0.001) were statistically significant for OS. In multivariate analysis age (HR 0.652, 95% CI: 0.475-0.895; p = 0.008), PNI positivity (HR 0.493, 95% CI: 0.337-0.720; p<0.001), more lymph node involvement (HR: 0.608, 95% CI:0.412-0.896, p = 0.012), metastatic stage (HR 0.377, 95% CI: 0.265-0.537; p < 0.001) and PLR ≥ 158  (HR: 0.610; 95% CI: 0.433-0.859; p = 0.005) were found to be independent prognostic factors affecting OS.

Conclusion: Age ≥ 55, PNI positivity, more lymph node involvement, metastatic stage, and PLR ≥ 158  are independent prognostic factors for shorter overall survival. Given the high morbidity and mortality of gastric cancer, besides classical known prognostic factors, parameters such as preoperative PLR may have benefits for forecast the prognosis of gastric cancer.
THE EFFECT OF CLIMATE CONDITIONS IN UZBEKISTAN ON BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF CHINESE SILKWORM BREEDS AND HYBRIDS
Authors: Oripov Otabek Oripovich  , Umarov Shavkat Ramazanovich
Published: November 2020

The article presents thorough analysis results and scientifically proven theoretical data on hatching and care of eggs of imported mulberry silkworm breeds and hybrids at different temperatures and humidity. The aim is to produce silkworm eggs based on the adaptation of imported mulberry silkworms to the rapidly changing natural climate condition of Uzbekistan, to improve the productivity and technological properties of cocoons. Effective scientific solutions for the care of imported eggs have been determined by substantiating effective agrotechnology for silkworm rearing and defining the effect of temperature and relative air humidity at cocoonery and feed amount on biological, cocoon productivity and technological properties of silkworms in the rearing of mulberry silkworm breeds and hybrids imported from abroad, adapted to the conditions of Uzbekistan.
KEYWORDS: silkworm eggs, incubation, temperature, humidity, light, mulberry leaves, silkworm, breed, hybrid, cocoonery, truss, pupa, moth, pure cocoon, silk.
AN IMPROVED DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION WITH PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A MELON SEEDS SHELLER WITH A CONTINUOUS SEPARATOR
Authors: Adeleke M.B  , Orelaja O.A
Published: November 2020

An improved designed and constructed melon seed sheller with continuous separator comprises of electric motors, hopper, shelling, and separator units for separating melon seed from its shell, was developed. This machine which was fabricated using locally sourced standard materials by eliminating the drudgery involved in the melon kernel separation. As we know that melon seed is a vital oil seed that is mostly used in food industries. Shelling of this crop is a problem due to the stress and time that is involved, prior to its usage. In order to address these challenges associated with shelling and separating the melon from its kernel, an improved design of melon shelling machine of melon seeds for both commercial and a small scale was presented and evaluated in this research work. Parameters evaluated include shelling efficiency, percentage seed shelled, and output volume with time and general machine capacity. The machine was constructed using locally available materials and consists of a hopper, frame, shelling and cleaning unit, chutes and prime mover. Shelling speeds of the machine and seed moisture content of melon affects the rate, efficiency and percentage seed damage. Adopting this design concept is recommended because it minimizes seed breakage during manual shelling, it also enhanced hygiene as human direct contact with the seed during shelling is reduced.
KEY WORDS: Improved design, melon seed, melon kernel, performance evaluation, efficiency.
RADIATION-RESISTANT OPTOCOUPLER FOR SECONDARY POWER SUPPLIES
Authors: Lebedinskaya A.E. , Kabalnov Yu.A. , Trufanov A.N. , Gradoboev A.V. , Sednev V.V.
Published: November 2020

In this paper we present the results of development of the optocouplers for secondary power supplies. The dies of the optical radiation emitters are based on double heteroepitaxial AlGaAs structures, and the dies of the radiation receivers are based on silicon-on-sapphire. Dies were bonded to metal-ceramic packages using the optically clear silicone-organic adhesive. The results of the optocoupler testing showed the level of resistance to γ-neutron radiation, which meets the requirements for radiationresistant devices used in control and communication systems.
Głęboki czas planetarnych problemów. Notatki o polityce kulturowej mediów i materialności
Authors: Parikka Jussi
Published: November 2020

Przekład artykułu Deep Times of Planetary Trouble, który ukazał się pierwotnie w piśmie „Cultural Politics” 2016, nr 3.
Artykuł podejmuje refleksję na temat geologii mediów. Zwraca uwagę na głębokie związki między obszarem wymiany kulturowej i medialnej a ukrytymi procesami geopolitycznymi oraz klimatycznymi.
直流系统空载运行框架保护动作原因分析
Authors: 衡 田
Published: November 2020

论文分析城市轨道交通系统直流系统空载运行框架保护动作的原因，阐述直流框架保护电流保护、电压保护及钢轨电位限制装置之间的关系，了解直流系统框架保护处理措施。
建筑工程施工节能技术的推广应用
Authors: 伦虎 范
Published: November 2020

新时期建筑业发展下，绿色环保理念也得到全面推广和应用，在此背景下节能技术创新取得了不错的成绩。论文通过对建筑施工中节能技术作用进行分析，探讨节能技术在其中的具体应用。
浅析 BIM 技术在建筑设计中的应用及推广策略
Authors: 晓迪 关
Published: November 2020

在建筑工程项目设计过程中产生了大量新型技术，其中一个重要体现就是 BIM 技术。只有合理运用 BIM 技术能显著提高工程设计效率及设计质量，实现建筑企业又快又好的发展，提高建筑企业经济效益和市场竞争能力。论文主要针对建筑工程设计中 BIM 技术应用进行研究，以供相关专业人士进行参考和借鉴。
Two-Dimentional Figure Learning Through Problem Based Learning in Class V Students of Primary Schools
Authors: Kumullah Rahmah , Yulianto Ahmad
Published: November 2020

The problem of this research is the low student learning outcomes in mathematics subject class V Pai State Primary School. The purpose of this study was to improve mathematics learning outcomes through problem-based learning in fifth grade students. This type of research uses a Class Action Research that includes cycles of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The research subjects were teachers and fifth grade students with a total of 20 students, consisting of 9 men and 11 women. Data collection techniques used were observation, testing and documentation. Analysis of the data used is qualitative and quantitative. The results showed an increase in student learning activities and outcomes. This increase can be seen from each cycle. In the teaching activities of teachers and student learning activities have increased. In the first cycle, the teaching activities of teachers and students were in the moderately increased category in the second cycle being a good category. Improvements also occurred in student learning outcomes. In the first cycle, the classical completeness which has not been determined and is in the inadequate category has not yet been achieved. In cycle II student learning outcomes have improved, it is seen from the average value that has increased and is in the very good category. The conclusion of this study is that the existence of teacher teaching activities and student learning activities in learning mathematics by applying problem-based learning can improve student learning outcomes in mathematics subjects in Class V Pai State Primary School
Developing Cognitive Conflict to Overcome Students’ Thinking Difficulties
Authors: Sumadji Sumadji , Yuwono Timbul
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this study is to describe the thinking difficulties of low-ability students. Low-ability students are those who can only reach score less than 66. The second objective is to know the effectiveness of cognitive conflict strategies in an effort to improve failed cognitive networks. The approach taken is qualitative with the type of classroom action research. In each action, it was applied the group learning strategy in the first session intended to explore additional thinking difficulties. In the second session their difficulties were overcome by implementing a cognitive conflict strategy. This research was completed in two actions based on the amount of material that consists of two parts. The research’s conclusions describe the basic difficulties of students’ thinking but are not summarized here. In this error, mostly students make their own formulas using distributive law on algebra. Another conclusion is that cognitive conflict strategies are effective at the level of 88.6% in overcoming thinking difficulties.
Information and Trust in Parent-Teacher Cooperation – Connections with Educational Inequality
Authors: Neuenschwander Markus P.
Published: November 2020

There is an ongoing debate on how parents and the cooperation between parents and teachers contribute to educational inequality. In this study, the assumption that information and trust in parent–teacher cooperation mediate the effects of parent socioeconomic status (SES) on student achievement in mathematics and instruction language (German) was examined. The effects of information and trust on achievement were assumed to be mediated by parent self-efficacy expectation in German. The hypotheses were tested using a sample with 1001 students from 4th to 6th grade and their parents in Swiss primary schools using questionnaires and achievement tests at the beginning and the end of a school year. Results from structural equation models with longitudinal data showed that parent trust and parent self-efficacy expectation fully mediated the effect of SES and student achievement in language instruction but not in mathematics. Information did not correlate with SES nor with student achievement, but with trust. Parental trust in the cooperation with teachers affected achievement in both mathematics and German. The model combines the research on parental involvement with the research on educational inequality in school. Teachers need to establish trust in cooperation with low-SES parents to reduce educational inequality in school.
Linguistic Socialization and Identity in Ethnic Hungarian Deaf Families in Romania
Authors: Belényi Emese , Flóra Gábor
Published: November 2020

Ethnic minority Deaf people form a social group whose members often share complex and multiple cultural backgrounds. This research explores linguistic socialization and identity development in ethnic Hungarian Deaf families living in a multi-cultural region of Romania, examining the identity related aspects of the family formation and the transmission of identity to children in ethnically homogenous (Hungarian) or heterogeneous (Hungarian-Romanian) families founded by Deaf spouses. Methodologically the research is based on survey among members of the ethnic Hungarian Deaf community in Bihor County and their ethnic Romanian spouses, career interviews with Hungarian Deaf Special School graduates and family case studies of two or three generation Deaf families. The research results reveal that the ethnic homogeneity of Deaf family partners is a key factor in handing down to children the Hungarian ethnic-national identity and the Hungarian sign language / oral language knowledge. The research findings also highlight the fact that within family interactions involving three generations where Deaf and hearing, ethnic minority and ethnic majority family members are present, specific, multifaceted communication models may prevail, and pathways and modes of identity transmission with particular characteristics may occur.
INFLAMMATION AND COLON CANCER. MOLECULAR AND IMMUNOLOGICAL MECHANISMS
Authors: Kit O. , Nikipelova E. , Shaposhnikov A. , Zlatnik E. , Novikova I. , Frantsiyants E. , Vladimirova L. , Shatova Yu. , Shevchenko A. , Pozdnyakova V.
Published: November 2020

After the analysis of data presented in the international literature there are still a lot of controversial issues on the impact of inflammation on the development of colon cancer. Molecular mechanisms of various types of colorectal cancer are different and connected with inflammatory bowel diseases. There are some immunological similarities and differences between colitis-associated colon cancer occurring in inflammation and other types of colorectal cancer developing without any signs of inflammatory process. The gut microbiota significantly influences on the development of sporadic colorectal cancer and colitis-associated cancer. Malignant colon tumors, without dependence on the colorectal cancer type, have an increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The role of tumor-infiltrating immunocytes and tumor inflammatory microenvironment in colorectal cancer is complex: they are involved in antitumor immune defense and play a pro-oncogenic role. In perspective anti-inflammatory biologic drugs are expected to decrease the risk of the development of colorectal cancer.
Sexual dimorphism within the stem-group arthropod Isoxys volucris from the Sirius Passet Lagerstätte, North Greenland
Authors: Nielsen Morten Lunde , Rasmussen Jan Audun , Harper David A.T.
Published: November 2020

Morphometric analyses carried out on 126 specimens of the early Cambrian (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 3) stem-group arthropod Isoxys volucris from North Greenland reveal a bimodal distribution, where Morphogroup A is characterised by a significantly wider doublure than Morphogroup B. The dimorphism is interpreted as intraspecific variation related to gender (sexual dimorphism), where the relative numbers of individuals within the two morphogroups are equal (ratio 1:1). The discovery of established sexual dimorphism in Isoxys may have implications for the taxonomic discrimination of other stemgroup arthropods within the morphologically diverse and disparate animals of the early Cambrian.
Two abnormal pygidia of the trilobite Toxochasmops from the Upper Ordovician of the Oslo Region, Norway
Authors: Nielsen Morten Lunde , Nielsen Arne Thorshøj Nielsen
Published: November 2020

Two pygidia of the trilobite Toxochasmops from the Upper Ordovician (Katian) of the Oslo Region, Norway, display different types of abnormalities. A juvenile pygidium, treated in open nomenclature as Toxochasmops sp. A, has a partially developed axial ring restricted to the right side of the axis which is interpreted as a teratology. The other pygidium, treated in open nomenclature as Toxochasmops sp. B, shows a local fusion of two pleural ribs with a poorly developed furrow crossing the fused area; this may either represent a teratology or regeneration after an injury. In the latter case, it could represent a rare example of metaplasia in trilobites with replacement of a pleural furrow by an interpleural furrow during regeneration. The posterior position of the partially developed
axial rings, without corresponding pleural ribs, indicates that the posterior part of the axis possibly represents non-functional somites, and abnormalities in this part probably did not significantly affect the vital organs of the trilobite.
Los recursos vegetales en Guayascate. Primeros resultados del análisis arqueobotánico
Authors: López M. Laura
Published: November 2020

En esta nota se presenta la identificación de plantas empleadas como alimento en el paraje histórico Guayascate (Córdoba, Argentina). Los microrrestos botánicos en fragmentos cerámicos infieren el consumo de maíz, algarrobo y palmera caranday, especies nativas que formaron parte de la subsistencia de los grupos prehispánicos de la región de Sierras Centrales.
Interacciones humanas a través del espacio en arqueología: aportes teórico-metodológicos y casos de estudio
Authors: Zubimendi Miguel A. , Moralejo Reinaldo A. , Wynveldt Federico
Published: November 2020

En este Dossier se reúnen ocho trabajos inéditos que fueron presentados como parte del Taller “Interacciones humanas a través del espacio en arqueología: aportes teórico-metodológicos y casos de estudio”, llevado a cabo el 31 de mayo de 2019 en el Museo de La Plata. Este evento correspondió a la quinta edición de un Ciclo de Talleres organizados por la División Arqueología de dicha institución.
Sobre la materialidad de los encuentros entre los Tupi-Guaraní y los no Tupi
Authors: Ozorio de Almeida Fernando , Torino Rocío
Published: November 2020

El primer objetivo de este artículo es presentar los últimos avances arqueológicos en las investigaciones sobre sociedades cultural y lingüísticamente semejantes a los grupos guaraní, pero que ocuparon tierras lejanas en la Amazonia Meridional. En este contexto, encontramos un escenario diferente al de la arqueología del río Paraná inferior, con un flujo más intenso de rasgos entre las distintas sociedades alfareras desde el inicio de la era cristiana. En este trabajo, presentamos un esbozo de interpretación del proceso de expansión de los Tupi-guaraní de la Amazonia oriental en dirección al litoral brasileño, donde estos grupos aparentemente ocuparon territorios previamente habitados por productores de cerámica inciso-modelada, dejando a su paso vestigios de intercambios entre ellos. Posteriormente, discutimos los procesos de “guaranización” a la luz de dos sitios guaraní del bajo río Paraná y evaluamos, de manera preliminar, si existen evidencias materiales que indiquen que estos grupos interactuaron con otras poblaciones en la región, en su proceso de dispersión hacia la cuenca del Plata.
Nanomechanics of few-layer materials: do individual layers slide upon folding?
Authors: Batista Ronaldo J C , Dias Rafael F , Barboza Ana P M , de Oliveira Alan B , Manhabosco Taise M , Gomes-Silva Thiago R , Matos Matheus J S , Gadelha Andreij C , Rabelo Cassiano , Cançado Luiz G L , Jorio Ado , Chacham Hélio , Neves Bernardo R A
Published: November 2020

Folds naturally appear on nanometrically thin materials, also called “2D materials”, after exfoliation, eventually creating folded edges across the resulting flakes. We investigate the adhesion and flexural properties of single-layered and multilayered 2D materials upon folding in the present work. This is accomplished by measuring and modeling mechanical properties of folded edges, which allows for the experimental determination of the bending stiffness (κ) of multilayered 2D materials as a function of the number of layers (n). In the case of talc, we obtain κ ∝ n3 for n ≥ 5, indicating no interlayer sliding upon folding, at least in this thickness range. In contrast, tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy measurements on edges in folded graphene flakes, 14 layers thick, show no significant strain. This indicates that layers in graphene flakes, up to 5 nm thick, can still slip to relieve stress, showing the richness of the effect in 2D systems. The obtained interlayer adhesion energy for graphene (0.25 N/m) and talc (0.62 N/m) is in good agreement with recent experimental results and theoretical predictions. The obtained value for the adhesion energy of graphene on a silicon substrate is also in agreement with previous results.
Ultrasound-assisted Strecker synthesis of novel 2-(hetero)aryl-2-(arylamino)acetonitrile derivatives
Authors: Gal Emese , Gaina Luiza , Petkes Hermina , Pop Alexandra , Cristea Castelia , Barta Gabriel , Vodnar Dan Cristian , Silaghi-Dumitrescu Luminiţa
Published: November 2020

This work describes an efficient, simple, and ecofriendly sonochemical procedure for the preparation of new α-(arylamino)acetonitrile derivatives C-substituted with phenothiazine or ferrocene units. The synthetic protocol is based on the Strecker reaction of a (hetero)aryl aldimine substrate with trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMSCN) in poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) solution. The advantages of the sonochemical versus the conventional α-(arylamino)acetonitrile synthesis are the significantly shorter reaction time (30 min instead of 72 hours), the higher purity and the easier separation of the product that precipitated from the reaction mixture in crystalline form as depicted by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis disclosed the arrangement of the α-(arylamino)acetonitrile molecules in the aggregated crystalline state as a racemic mixture. The mutagenic/antimutagenic potential for three representative derivatives containing phenothiazinyl, ferrocenyl, and phenyl units, respectively, was evaluated by the Ames Salmonella/microsome test using S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains with and without metabolic activation. The preliminary screening results pointed out that the C-(hetero)aryl-α-(arylamino)acetonitrile derivatives can be considered genotoxically safe and possibly antimutagenic.
Penggunaan Think-Pair-Share untuk Meningkatkan Keaktifan dan Pemahaman Membaca Siswa dalam Reading Comprehension
Authors: Amin Yadhi Nur
Published: November 2020

This study aims to improve the students’ activeness and comprehension in reading comprehension. The subjects are students of class XI MIPA-1 MAN 2 Rembang taught by Think-Pair-Share strategy. The expected output is the increase of students’ activeness and comprehension, so the instrument used is observation sheet to find out the students’ activeness, and a test to determine their comprehension. The method is CAR consisting of four stages (planning, implementation, observation, and reflection). This research was conducted in two cycles. The results showed that Think-Pair-Share strategy could increase the students’ activeness and comprehension. The data analysis of activeness showed an increase from pre-cycle of 39.39% (low), Cycle I 79.29% (fair), to Cycle II 89.90% (high). Furthermore, the result of comprehension showed an increase from pre-cycle 45.45% (low), Cycle I 66.67% (fair), to Cycle II 87.88% (high). Thus, this strategy is considered successful because the final result exceeds the 75% success criteria.