bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HIF-1α is involved in blood–brain barrier dysfunction and paracellular migration of bacteria in pneumococcal meningitis
Authors: Devraj Gayatri , Guérit Sylvaine , Seele Jana , Spitzer Daniel , Macas Jadranka , Khel Maryam I. , Heidemann Roxana , Braczynski Anne K. , Ballhorn Wibke , Günther Stefan , Ogunshola Omolara O. , Mittelbronn Michel , Ködel Uwe , Monoranu Camelia M. , Plate Karl H. , Hammerschmidt Sven , Nau Roland , Devraj Kavi , Kempf Volkhard A. J.
Published: June 2020

Bacterial meningitis is a deadly disease most commonly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, leading to severe neurological sequelae including cerebral edema, seizures, stroke, and mortality when untreated. Meningitis is initiated by the transfer of S. pneumoniae from blood to the brain across the blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier or the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. Current treatment strategies include adjuvant dexamethasone for inflammation and cerebral edema, followed by antibiotics. The success of dexamethasone is however inconclusive, necessitating new therapies for controlling edema, the primary reason for neurological complications. Since we have previously shown a general activation of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) in bacterial infections, we hypothesized that HIF-1α, via induction of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is involved in transmigration of pathogens across the BBB. In human, murine meningitis brain samples, HIF-1α activation was observed by immunohistochemistry. S. pneumoniae infection in brain endothelial cells (EC) resulted in in vitro upregulation of HIF-1α/VEGF (Western blotting/qRT-PCR) associated with increased paracellular permeability (fluorometry, impedance measurements). This was supported by bacterial localization at cell–cell junctions in vitro and in vivo in brain ECs from mouse and humans (confocal, super-resolution, electron microscopy, live-cell imaging). Hematogenously infected mice showed increased permeability, S. pneumoniae deposition in the brain, along with upregulation of genes in the HIF-1α/VEGF pathway (RNA sequencing of brain microvessels). Inhibition of HIF-1α with echinomycin, siRNA in bEnd5 cells or using primary brain ECs from HIF-1α knock-out mice revealed reduced endothelial permeability and transmigration of S. pneumoniae. Therapeutic rescue using the HIF-1α inhibitor echinomycin resulted in increased survival and improvement of BBB function in S. pneumoniae-infected mice. We thus demonstrate paracellular migration of bacteria across BBB and a critical role for HIF-1α/VEGF therein and hence propose targeting this pathway to prevent BBB dysfunction and ensuing brain damage in infections.
Reversed shoulder arthroplasty leads to significant histological changes of the deltoid muscle: a prospective intervention trial
Authors: Koch Matthias , Schmidt Christian , Kerschbaum Maximilian , Winkler Tobias , Pfeifer Christian G. , Greiner Stefan
Published: June 2020

Introduction

Reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) shows promising short- and mid-term results in cuff tear arthropathy. However, functional impairments are described in long-term findings. Micromorphological changes in the periarticular musculature could be in part responsible for this, but have not yet been analysed. Thus, histological changes of the deltoid muscle and their association to the functional outcome were evaluated in this study.

Material and methods

A total of 15 patients treated with RSA were included in this prospective study. Functional outcome was assessed using the Constant Score (CS) and the DASH (disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand) Score before RSA and after a mean follow-up of 12 months. Deltoid muscle biopsies were harvested intraoperatively and 12 months postoperatively. Mean deltoid muscle fibre area (MMFA) was calculated histologically after haematoxylin–eosin staining.

Results

Postoperative shoulder function significantly improved within 12 months (CS: Δ 37.4 ± 22.6,p = 0.001; DASH: Δ 27.1 ± 29.1,p = 0.006). The MMFA significantly decreased (p = 0.02), comparing the results from the intraoperative biopsy (MMFA: 8435.8 µm2, SD ± 5995.9 µm2) to the 12 months biopsy (MMFA: 5792. µm2, SD ± 3223.6 µm2). No correlation could be found between the functional score results and MMFA.

Conclusion

Signs of deltoid muscle changes in terms of a reduced MMFA can be detected 1 year after RSA and thus already a long time before long-term functional impairments become apparent. Further studies with larger patient series and longer follow-up periods as well as extended histological assessments and simultaneous radiological examinations are required.
Towards eHealth to support the health journey of headache patients: a scoping review
Authors: van de Graaf Daniëlle L. , Schoonman Guus G. , Habibović Mirela , Pauws Steffen C.
Published: June 2020

Objective

The aim of this study is to (1) review the digital health tools that have been used in headache studies, and (2) discuss the effectivity and reliability of these tools.

Background

Many headache patients travel a long and troublesome journey from first symptoms until a meaningful care plan. eHealth, mHealth, and digital therapeutic modalities have been advocated as the way forward to improve patient care.

Method

Online databases PubMed, Cinahl, and PsycINFO were searched using a predefined search query. A data extraction form was used to gather relevant data elements from the selected papers.

Results

A total of 39 studies were selected. The studies included 94,127 participants. The majority of studies focused on diaries (N = 27 out of 39). Digital (cognitive) behavioral therapy were also quite common (N = 7 out of 39). Other digital health tool categories were tele-consultations, telemonitoring and patient portals.

Conclusion

Many digital health tools for headache patients regarding diaries and behavioral/therapeutical treatment are described in scientific research with limited information on effectivity and reliability. Scientific knowledge with regard to other categories such as tele-consultations, patient portals, telemonitoring including medication adherence, online information resources, wearable, symptom checkers, digital peer support is still scarce or missing.
Count outcome meta-analysis for comparing treatments by fusing mixed data sources: comparing interventions using across report information
Authors: Böhning Dankmar , Sangnawakij Patarawan
Published: June 2020

Assessing interventions applied to target populations is a matter of prime interest. Studies are usually undertaken to see whether an alternative intervention is superior (or at least equivalent) to a comparable standard intervention. This is typically achieved by comparing alternative and standard intervention within a given study, and the developed meta-analytic methodology is building on this assumption. Very little work has been delivered when studies only report results on one of the interventions only, but not on both. This is the situation we consider here, and it is motivated by study reports on two surgeries for treatment of asymptomatic antenatally diagnosed congenital lung malformations in young children. Reports are often only available for one of the two, and restricting analysis on those with results on both surgeries will restrict data to 33% of the potential sources. We show in this paper how data sources can be fused and under which condition this fusion will provide valid results. Application to the case study shows the potential gain of the suggested approach in reaching a more conclusive analysis. We argue that studies should best allow within-study comparison, but if only one intervention information is available (for example, as the required surgery expertise for the comparative intervention is not deliverable at the respective site), harnessing one-group information can provide additional insights.
Longitudinal patterns of fish assemblages in European boreal streams
Authors: Sutela Tapio , Vehanen Teppo , Jounela Pekka
Published: June 2020

Fish assemblages are known to change from headwaters to river outlets. Still, our knowledge of this change is often approximate or sporadic. In this study, we quantified the average longitudinal change from a large electrofishing data set of boreal streams in Northern Europe. The average species richness increased from headwaters to medium-sized rivers but levelled off when reaching large rivers. Existence of some headwater specialist fish species, e.g. brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), was interpreted to support the fish zonation concept over the concept of accumulative addition of species downstream. The traditional fish zonation concept developed in Western Europe suggests four zones from headwaters to river outlets, the trout zone, the grayling zone, the barbel zone and the bream zone. Of these, only the trout zone was clearly present with a high dominance in the headwaters of the streams studied. For the North European boreal streams, we suggest a zonation concept with three dominating fish species from headwaters downstream, brown trout (Salmo trutta), bullhead (Cottus gobio) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Discovered longitudinal shifts in fish guild compositions offered an opportunity for an ecological interpretation of the data and a promising basis for bioassessment.
A Precision Teaching Framework for Improving Mathematical Skills of Students with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Vostanis Athanasios , Padden Ciara , Chiesa Mecca , Rizos Konstantinos , Langdon Peter E.
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a precision teaching (PT) framework on the mathematical ability of students with intellectual and developmental disabilities. We also examined if students of moderate mathematical ability could perform as well as their peers with fewer difficulties with their math skills. Sixteen students participated and were divided into three groups. One group engaged in PT, and the other two groups functioned as comparisons. The PT group practiced six skills introduced linearly. An A-B design was used for the five component skills, and a multiple baseline across participants design was used for the composite skill (addition). The intervention led to a significant improvement in all skills, including addition, and this was associated with a large effect size; student performance met or exceeded that of their peers. Overall, the findings suggest that PT is an efficient and effective approach for teaching students with IDDs.
Inferencing Abilities of Deaf College Students: Foundations and Implications for Metaphor Comprehension and Theory of Mind
Authors: Edwards Lindsey , Marschark Marc , Kronenberger William G. , Crowe Kathryn , Walton Dawn
Published: June 2020

Understanding nonliteral language requires inferencing ability and is an important but complex aspect of social interaction, involving cognitive (e.g., theory of mind, executive function) as well as language skill, areas in which many deaf individuals struggle. This study examined comprehension of metaphor and sarcasm, assessing the contributions of hearing status, inferencing ability, executive function (verbal short-term/working memory capacity), and deaf individuals’ communication skills (spoken versus signed language, cochlear implant use). Deaf and hearing college students completed a multiple-choice metaphor comprehension task and inferencing tasks that included both social-emotional (i.e., theory of mind) and neutral inferences, as well as short-term memory span and working memory tasks. Results indicated the hearing students to have better comprehension of nonliteral language and the ability to make social-emotional inferences, as well as greater memory capacity. Deaf students evidenced strong relationships among inferential comprehension, communication skills, and memory capacity, with substantial proportions of the variance in understanding of metaphor and sarcasm accounted for by these variables. The results of this study enhance understanding of the language and cognitive skills underlying figurative language comprehension and theory of mind and have implications for the social functioning of deaf individuals.
An Efficient Algorithm to Estimate the Potential Barrier Height from Noise-Induced Escape Time Data
Authors: Bódai Tamás
Published: June 2020

An algorithm is developed for determining the potential barrier height experimentally, provided that we have control over the noise strength $$\sigma $$
σ
. We are concerned with the situation when the laboratory or numerical experiment requires large resources of time or computational power, respectively, and wish to find a protocol that provides the best estimate in a given amount of time. The optimal noise strength $$\sigma ^*$$

σ
∗

to use is found to be very simply related to the potential barrier height $$\Delta \Phi $$

Δ
Φ

as: $$y^*=\Delta \Phi ^{-1}$$

y
∗

=
Δ

Φ

-
1

, $$y=\sigma ^{-2}-\sigma ^{-2}_\mathrm{a}$$

y
=

σ

-
2

-

σ
a

-
2

, with some “anchor point” $$\sigma ^{-2}_\mathrm{a}$$

σ
a

-
2

; and, as a second ingredient, an iterative method is proposed for the estimation. For a numerical verification of the optimality, we apply the algorithm to a simple system of an over-damped particle confined to a double-well potential, when it is feasible to evaluate statistics of the estimator. Subsequently, we also apply it to a high-dimensional case of a diffusive energy balance model, when the potential barrier height—concerning e.g. the warm-to-snowball-climate transition—cannot be determined analytically, but we would have to resort to more sophisticated numerical methods.
To lie or to mislead?
Authors: Timmermann Felix , Viebahn Emanuel
Published: June 2020

The aim of this paper is to argue that lying differs from mere misleading in a way that can be morally relevant: liars commit themselves to something they believe to be false, while misleaders avoid such commitment, and this difference can make a moral difference. Even holding all else fixed, a lie can therefore be morally worse than a corresponding misleading utterance. But, we argue, there are also cases in which the difference in commitment makes lying morally better than misleading, as well as cases in which the difference is not morally relevant. This view conflicts with the two main positions philosophers have defended in the ethics of lying and misleading, which entail either that lying is in virtue of its nature worse than misleading or that there is no morally relevant difference between lying and misleading.
Batch service systems with heterogeneous servers
Authors: van Ommeren Jan-Kees , Baer Niek , Mishra Nishant , Roy Debjit
Published: June 2020

Bulk-service multi-server queues with heterogeneous server capacity and thresholds are commonly seen in several situations such as passenger transport or package delivery services. In this paper, we develop a novel decomposition-based solution approach for such queues using arguments from renewal theory. We then obtain the distribution of the waiting time measure for multi-type server systems. We also obtain other useful performance measures such as utilization, expected throughput time, and expected queue lengths.
Simulating water productivity of paddy rice under irrigation regimes using AquaCrop model in humid and semiarid regions of Iran
Authors: Pirmoradian Nader , Saadati Zahra , Rezaei Mojtaba , Khaledian Mohammad Reza
Published: June 2020

Rice production in the world is heavily dependent on water. Therefore, increasing in water productivity with appropriate irrigation management is necessary. Simulation models that illustrate the effects of water on crop growth can apply to optimize water productivity and improve farm irrigation management. This study was conducted to simulate water productivity of paddy rice using AquaCrop model in both humid and semiarid regions of Iran. Required data for running model were gained from two field experiments: an experiment with a lowland local rice cultivar named Champa-Kamfiroozi in a semiarid climate (Kooshkak), and other experiment with two lowland local rice cultivars named Binam and Hasani in a humid climate (Rasht). Both experiments were conducted under five irrigation treatments in two consecutive years. As a result, the relative root mean square error (RRMSE) of grain yield simulation was gained between 2.28 and 15.09%. The ranges of water productivity based on transpiration (WPT) and water productivity based on evapotranspiration (WPET) as affected by irrigation treatments, in dry climate were greater than wet climate. The averages of WPT and WPET for continuous flooding in the humid (1.21 and 0.82 kg m−3, respectively) and dry (1.26 and 0.76 kg m−3, respectively) climates showed the role of evaporation losses in decreasing WP in dry climate. The highest ET was obtained in continuous flooding treatments that the amount of evaporation for dry climate was 88% higher than humid climate.
A Flexible and Lightweight Biomass-Reinforced Microwave Absorber
Authors: Cheng Yan , Seow Justin Zhu Yeow , Zhao Huanqin , Xu Zhichuan J. , Ji Guangbin
Published: June 2020

Developing a flexible, lightweight and effective electromagnetic (EM) absorber remains challenging despite being on increasing demand as more wearable devices and portable electronics are commercialized. Herein, we report a flexible and lightweight hybrid paper by a facile vacuum-filtration-induced self-assembly process, in which cotton-derived carbon fibers serve as flexible skeletons, compactly surrounded by other microwave-attenuating components (reduced graphene oxide and Fe3O4@C nanowires). Owing to its unique architecture and synergy of the three components, the as-prepared hybrid paper exhibits flexible and lightweight features as well as superb microwave absorption performance. Maximum absorption intensity with reflection loss as low as − 63 dB can be achieved, and its broadest frequency absorption bandwidth of 5.8 GHz almost covers the entire Ku band. Such a hybrid paper is promising to cope with ever-increasing EM interference. The work also paves the way to develop low-cost and flexible EM wave absorber from biomass through a facile method.
Bedingte Akzeptanz? Moralische und rechtsethische Dimensionen der Ablehnung künftiger Kinder
Authors: Rothhaar Markus
Published: June 2020

Im Kommentar zum Text von Tatiana Tarkian werden zwei Argumente der Verfasserin einer kritischen Prüfung unterzogen: Zum einen das Argument, dass parentale Tugenden einer Auswahl künftiger Kinder nicht entgegenstehen würde; zum anderen das Argument, dass eine negative Selektion aufgrund von Behinderung keinen diskriminierenden Charakter gegenüber (geborenen) Behinderten habe, wenn die negative Selektion ledgilich aufgrund verbreiteter diskriminierender Urteile in der Gesellschaft erfolge.
Correlation between findings of nuclear magnetic resonance and 3D anorectal ultrasound in patients with suspected deep endometriosis
Authors: Tomiyoshi Murilo Masanobu , Lima Doryane Maria dos Reis , Kurachi Gustavo , Sagae Univaldo Etsuo , Emori Fabiano , Bazzano Barbara
Published: June 2020

Introduction Endometriosis is defined as endometrial glands and stroma that occur outside the uterine cavity. Although not malignant, ectopic endometrial tissue and the resulting inflammation can cause dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, chronic pain, and infertility. The diagnostic imaging tests most used are nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMR) and ultrasonography (USG).

Methods Correlate the findings of three-dimensional anorectal ultrasound with the NMR findings of the pelvis with intestinal preparation in women with deep endometriosis, through a retrospective, observational, cross-sectional study, evaluating 63 female patients with suspected deep endometriosis with probable involvement intestinal. The evaluation period was from March 2016 to April 2018. Statistical analysis was performed using the kappa agreement to assess the degree of agreement between 3D NMR and USG in relation to the degree of infiltration in the rectal muscle layer, with a confidence interval of 0.272‒0.579, p < 0.001.

Results and conclusion According to the results presented, three-dimensional anorectal ultrasonography proved to be a good diagnostic test in the evaluation of the middle and posterior compartments of deep lesions of endometriosis, and there was a correlation between the NMR findings of the pelvis with intestinal preparation in relation to injuries that invade the muscularis propria of the rectum.
Laser vs microdebrider eustachian tuboplasty for the treatment of chronic adult eustachian tube dysfunction: A systematic review
Authors: Jamil Waqas , Izzat Steve
Published: June 2020

Objectives

Multiple treatments are described in the literature for the treatment of chronic Eustachian tube dysfunction but high‐level quality evidence seems missing to support these treatments. This systematic review aimed to determine and compare the safety and efficacy of Laser Eustachian tuboplasty and Microdebrider Eustachian tuboplasty as a treatment for long‐term Eustachian tube dysfunction.

Data sources

A total of 12 electronic databases were searched up to April 2018 for published and unpublished literature in the English language. References of included studies were checked.

Methods

A systematic review was undertaken. Outcomes assessed were: primary outcomes‐subjective improvement in symptoms (ETDQ‐7), audiometric improvement of hearing, improvement of negative middle ear pressure noticed in tympanometry, objective improvement of tympanic membrane retraction. Secondary outcomes were‐the ability to auto‐insufflate Eustachian tube i.e. Valsalva manoeuvre, improved quality of life, passive tubal opening, tubomanometry, swallowing test, reduction in mucosal inflammation of Eustachian tube orifice in the nose, complications from the procedure, the need for further procedures. Results are reported in a narrative synthesis as a meta‐analysis was not possible due to heterogeneous data.

Results

Three studies were included. All included studies were small‐scale case series (13–38 participants). Studies were conducted outside the UK. Subjective and objective improvement of Eustachian tube function was reported in all studies. But all included studies were at high risk of bias and subject to multiple limitations. No major complications were reported in either study.

Conclusions

Based on current evidence, it is not possible to recommend the clinical use of either of these two interventions i.e. Laser or Microdebrider Eustachian tuboplasty. Lack of controlled studies was identified as a gap in the evidence. Future research should be directed toward designing randomised controlled trials. These trials should use strict standard methodology and reporting criteria. Future trials should make use of consensus statement document about Eustachian tube dysfunction definition, diagnostic methods, and outcome assessment criteria to design clinical trials.
Mechanical–thermal sequential coupling simulation for predicting the temperature distribution of seal rings – Part I
Authors: Zhang Hehui , You Haolin , Lu Haishan
Published: June 2020

Understanding the running status of a mechanical seal – including its thermal state – is critical to ensuring the long service life of rotating machinery. Published in two instalments, this article broadly covers failure analysis of mechanical seals. In particular, it presents details of an approach to predicting the temperature distribution of seal rings using mechanical–thermal sequential coupling simulation. Three different cases are studied for comparison purposes in order to reveal the effect of misalignment on the thermal state. The first part of this article, which appears here, mainly describes the computational approach and the coupled numerical method, including the mechanical and thermal models, and the friction power-distribution for the load transformation. The second instalment will be published in the June 2020 issue of Sealing Technology.
ON THE DIAGONAL LEMMA OF GÖDEL AND CARNAP
Authors: SALEHI SAEED
Published: June 2020

A cornerstone of modern mathematical logic is the diagonal lemma of Gödel and Carnap. It is used in, for example, the classical proofs of the theorems of Gödel, Rosser, and Tarski. From its first explication in 1934, just essentially one proof has appeared for the diagonal lemma in the literature; a proof that is so tricky and hard to relate that many authors have tried to avoid the lemma altogether. As a result, some so-called diagonal-free proofs have been given for the above-mentioned fundamental theorems of logic. In this paper, we provide new proofs for the semantic formulation of the diagonal lemma, and for a weak version of the syntactic formulation of it.
Methods for Improving Screening for Vascular Cognitive Impairment Using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment
Authors: Zaidi Khush-Bakht , Rich Jill B. , Sunderland Kelly M. , Binns Malcolm A. , Truong Linda , McLaughlin Paula M. , Pugh Bradley , Kwan Donna , Beaton Derek , Levine Brian , Sahlas Demetrios J. , Dowlatshahi Dariush , Hassan Ayman , Mandzia Jennifer ,   The ONDRI Investigators, Troyer Angela K. , Swartz Richard H.
Published: June 2020

Background:

Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) post-stroke is frequent but may go undetected, which highlights the need to better screen cognitive functioning following a stroke.

Aim:

We examined the clinical utility of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in detecting cognitive impairment against a gold-standard neuropsychological battery.

Methods:

We assessed cognitive status with a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests in 161 individuals who were at least 3-months post-stroke. We used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to identify two cut points for the MoCA to maximize sensitivity and specificity at a minimum 90% threshold. We examined the utility of the Symbol Digit Modalities Test, a processing speed measure, to determine whether this additional metric would improve classification relative to the MoCA total score alone.

Results:

Using two cut points, 27% of participants scored ≤ 23 and were classified as high probability of cognitive impairment (sensitivity 92%), and 24% of participants scored ≥ 28 and were classified as low probability of cognitive impairment (specificity 91%). The remaining 48% of participants scored from 24 to 27 and were classified as indeterminate probability of cognitive impairment. The addition of a processing speed measure improved classification for the indeterminate group by correctly identifying 65% of these individuals, for an overall classification accuracy of 79%.

Conclusions:

The utility of the MoCA in detecting cognitive impairment post-stroke is improved when using a three-category approach. The addition of a processing speed measure provides a practical and efficient method to increase confidence in the determined outcome while minimally extending the screening routine for VCI.
DESIGNING AN EXPERIMENT FOR EVALUATING SEATING POSITIONS IN PARALYMPIC ROWING
Authors: Eikevåg S. W. , Kvam A. , Bjølseth M. K. , Erichsen J. F. , Steinert M.
Published: June 2020

When designing high performance sports equipment for Paralympic athletes, there are many unknowns for the design engineer to consider. The design challenge is an optimisation task per individual athlete. However, modelling this optimisation is difficult due to the many variables. This article presents the design of an experiment for identifying and evaluating various seating positions in Paralympic rowing by using a rowing ergometer with a modified seat. Results indicate that changing seating position has a substantial impact on per-athlete rowing performance.
DESIGN MODIFICATION OF AN INNOVATIVE SPLIT-SINGLE TWO-STROKE ENGINE
Authors: Zahn A. , Diwisch P. , Rieg F. , Alber-Laukant B.
Published: June 2020

A prototype of an innovative split-single two stroke engine is presented. With the aim of increasing the power-to-weight ratio for later mobile use, the individual engine components have to be revised. The focus is on the development process for the redesign of the crankcase. Through a preliminary examination of the necessary CAx systems, an iterative process chain that combines suitable synthesis and analysis tools is derived. This includes the design of the machine elements, a numerical strength verification using FEM and preparing the model for machining.
IDENTIFY CRITICAL DATA DURING PRODUCT CUSTOMISATION – A CASE STUDY OF ORTHOSES FABRICATION
Authors: Tan X. , Chen W. , Cao J. , Ahmed-Kristensen S.
Published: June 2020

Big data provides high volume of data to inform product customisation. Understanding which data is relevant remains a challenge. A method is proposed to identify relevant data to inform data-driven customisation. A case study regarding customisation of orthoses was conducted. Verbal protocol analysis was employed to extract time spent on major fabrication phases. Data related to patients, therapists and fabrication time was analysed. Results showed that the number of stabilised joints, experience of therapists and whether the design is for in- or out-patient are key factors for customisation.
STRUCTURING AND CONTEXTUALIZING HISTORICAL DATA FOR DECISION MAKING IN EARLY DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Sigsgaard K. V. , Agergaard J. K. , Bertram C. A. , Mortensen N. H. , Soleymani I. , Khalid W. , Hansen K. B. , Mueller G. O.
Published: June 2020

It is important to be able to compare and evaluate different solutions early in development. This paper proposes a method for structuring historical data into a data model that can support the evaluation of new design concepts. The data is contextualized by linking it to a hierarchical decomposition of existing products. Two case studies were conducted to evaluate the value of using historical data when evaluating new concepts. The cases confirm that the proposed method is useful for evaluation of new concepts.
A CONCEPTUAL MODEL COMBINATION FOR THE UNIFICATION OF DESIGN AND TOLERANCING IN ROBUST DESIGN
Authors: Grauberger P. , Goetz S. , Schleich B. , Gwosch T. , Matthiesen S. , Wartzack S.
Published: June 2020

In design engineering, the early consideration of tolerance chains contributes to robust design. For this, a link of design and tolerancing domains is essential. This paper presents a combination of the graph-based tolerancing approach and the Contact and Channel approach to link these domains. The combined approach is applied at a coinage machine. Here it provides detailed insights into state-dependent relations of embodiment and functions, which can improve robustness evaluation of the concept. This approach shows a possibility to bridge the gap between design and tolerancing domains.
EXPLORING CHALLENGES WITH DESIGNING AND DEVELOPING SHORE CONTROL CENTERS (SCC) FOR AUTONOMOUS SHIPS
Authors: Dybvik H. , Veitch E. , Steinert M.
Published: June 2020

The concept of remotely operated, unmanned, and autonomous ships is creating increasing interest in the maritime domain, promising safety, increased efficiency and sustainability. Shore control centers (SCCs) have been proposed to operate such vessels and some industry projects are initiated. This paper aims at bringing knowledge about what a SCC is envisioned to be. It identifies and explores challenges related to designing and developing SCCs through semi-structured interviews with the research community and industry. We discuss tasks, functions and interactions between human and machine.
THE HEALTHCARE DESIGN DILEMMA: PERILS OF A TECHNOLOGY-DRIVEN DESIGN PROCESS FOR MEDICAL PRODUCTS
Authors: Wilke H. , Badke-Schaub P. , Thoring K.
Published: June 2020

This paper reports an embedded single case study from a globally operating manufacturer for digital healthcare products. Based on nine semi-structured interviews, document analysis, and a diary study among employees, we were able to gain insights on the daily business routines and interactions of the design team, the UX research team, and the product management department. The results revealed several unexpected insights that indicate a practical mismatch between user-centred design processes learned from the textbook and design practice in the healthcare sector that warrant further research.
TOWARDS AUTOMATED CLASSIFICATION OF PRODUCT DATA BASED ON MACHINE LEARNING
Authors: Schleibaum S. , Kehl S. , Stiefel P. , Müller J. P.
Published: June 2020

Modern machine learning methods have the potential to supply industrial product lifecycle management (PLM) with automated classification of product components. However, there is only little work in the literature on this topic. We propose to apply supervised machine learning on component meta-data. By analysing an industrial case study, we identify requirements and opportunities for automating classification, e.g. in part numbers and product structures. We validate our novel approach through a classification experiment comparing four machine learning methods on a realistic component dataset.
BARRIERS TO HUMAN CONNECTIVITY AND THE DESIGN OF MORE COLLABORATIVE COWORKING SPACES
Authors: Mandeno P. , Baxter W. L.
Published: June 2020

Coworking spaces – the most prevalent form of collaborative workplaces – are said to offer the ideal solution for a new generation of creative knowledge workers, balancing flexibility and independence with structure and community. Recent studies, however, highlight deficiencies as they relate to the promise of ‘community’ made by most coworking spaces. This work reports 16 barriers that impede the process of human connectivity in coworking spaces that emerged from in-depth interviews with 26 coworkers. Suggestions are made for how these barriers might inform more effective workplace design.
AUTOMATED PART DECOMPOSITION FOR PRODUCT ARCHITECTURE MODELING
Authors: Redeker J. , Gebhardt P. , Reichler A.-K. , Türck E. , Dröder K. , Vietor T.
Published: June 2020

This paper presents an algorithm that contributes to an automatic decomposition of a mechanical part based on geometric features and methods of unsupervised machine learning. For the development of the algorithm, existing techniques of 3D shape segmentation, especially surface-based part segmentation procedures are reviewed and important areas of activities are revealed. The developed multi-step approach results in an abstract product model. This representation leads to a new way of designing and redesigning parts for the novel hybrid manufacturing concept Incremental Manufacturing (IM).
WHAT IS A DIGITAL TWIN? – DEFINITIONS AND INSIGHTS FROM AN INDUSTRIAL CASE STUDY IN TECHNICAL PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Trauer J. , Schweigert-Recksiek S. , Engel C. , Spreitzer K. , Zimmermann M.
Published: June 2020

Over the last two decades, a concept called Digital Twin has evolved rapidly. Yet, there is no unified definition of the term. Based on a literature study and an industrial case study, an overarching definition of Digital twins is presented. Three characteristics were identified – representation of a physical system, bidirectional data exchange, and the connection along the entire lifecycle. Further, three sub-concepts are presented, namely: Engineering Twin, Production Twin, and Operation Twin. The presented paper thus formulates a consistent and detailed definition of Digital Twins.
MODELLING THE GENERATIVE POWER OF SERVICE DESIGN PRACTICE THROUGH THE REFINED LANGUAGE OF THE “C-K THEORY”
Authors: Dragicevic N. , Lee W. B. , Tsui E. , Chew E.
Published: June 2020

“C-K theory”, a theory of reasoning in design, offers a formal modelling language with the power to describe the unfolding of creativity and the generation of new innovative objects as integral parts of design practice. However, the theory has limited ability to analyze and describe the particulars of design practice when the target area is service. To address this question, the purpose of this paper is to refine the “C-K theory” by embedding service relevant constructs and exploring strategies for enhancing the creative engagement resulting in the innovative service concepts.
RE-DESIGN OF ADDITIVE MANUFACTURED SPARE PARTS BASED ON FEATURES CLASSIFICATION
Authors: Montero J. , Weber S. , Bleckmann M. , Paetzold K.
Published: June 2020

Additive Manufacturing is doing its first steps in the production of spare parts. Usually the spares belong to legacy systems, and the tooling to produce them is no longer available. Re-designing spares that are designed for a previous industry mindset can be sometimes challenging. In this study a rather classic design approach is compared to a functional driven approach. Four case studies from different clients are reported, remarking the benefits and drawbacks of using design for additive manufacturing practices in Laser Powder Bed Fusion.
AN EXPERIMENT-DRIVEN MASS-PERSONALISATION MODEL: APPLICATION TO SAXOPHONE MOUTHPIECE PRODUCTION
Authors: Ozdemir M. , Cascini G.
Published: June 2020

Mass-personalization (MP) presents an opportunity to meet diversifying customer needs in consumer products market with a near mass-production efficiency. Traditional product development methodologies fall short to guide design for MP and a dedicated systematic methodology is essential. The proposed approach bases on a dynamic product template that automatically adapts with user input and produces a reliable output. This paper presents the workflow towards mass-personalization of saxophone mouthpieces with focus on design automation.
PSS DESIGN INNOVATION: PROTOTYPING IN PRACTICE
Authors: Ruvald R. , Larsson A. , Johansson Askling C. , Bertoni A.
Published: June 2020

Heavy equipment manufacturers recognise an opportunity to realise customer value gains through offering new Product-Service Systems. Such transition implies a radical shift in how new systems are designed. Based on a set of interviews the paper investigates how radical PSS innovation can be enabled by the use of physical prototypes as boundary object to navigate early PSS design ambiguity. On such basis, suggestions for augmenting existing support tools are made in relation to the existing literature.
SYSTEM BASED COMPONENT IDENTIFICATION USING COORDINATE DETERMINATION IN MIXED REALITY
Authors: Kunnen S. G. , Adamenko D. , Pluhnau R. , Nagarajah A.
Published: June 2020

The maintenance of an industrial plant is mainly based on analogue and manual methods and processes. In the future, the maintenance data of the real object should be determined digital and transferred to a PDM system in real time. This is made possible with a digital method of component identification. This publication presents a system-based component identification using Mixed Reality. Coordinates are determined by the terminal device and compared with a reference structure. After successful identification, maintenance data can be determined and automatically transferred to a PDM System.
CONCEPTION OF A DIGITAL TWIN IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING – A CASE STUDY IN TECHNICAL PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Schweigert-Recksiek S. , Trauer J. , Engel C. , Spreitzer K. , Zimmermann M.
Published: June 2020

A Digital Twin as a virtual representation of a physical system is becoming a key technology. While potential benefits are evident, there is no approach in literature or practice comprehensively supporting its introduction. In an industrial case study, a generic procedure model for the conception and implementation of a Digital Twin was developed. The relations between use cases, usage data, and virtual models resulted in a target concept as well as requirements for the implementation. Thereby, companies can access the potentials of a Digital Twin taking into account their specific situation.
DESIGN THINKING TO ENHANCE REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS IN SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
Authors: Batista J. , Hassan A. , Bonjour E.
Published: June 2020

Systems engineering (SE) is a general methodological approach that includes all relevant activities to design, develop and verify a system. This work was based on the need to enhance the integration of the customer needs into the design phases of SE. A joint methodology was proposed integrating the SE approach with the Design Thinking (DT). An analysis was conducted as part of a case study proposed by IBM Corporation for the development of a security system for a building. The results confirm that the insertion of the DT in the SE has a significant impact on the generation of concept solutions.
A METHODICAL APPROACH TO INTEGRATED PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT IN TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY
Authors: Ley P.-P. , Wirths L. , Oleff C. , Jungreitmayr F. , Vajna S. , Paetzold K. , Borg J. C.
Published: June 2020

Hip joint arthroplasty is considered to be a safe, successful and cost-effective procedure to restore hip joint functionality. However, a successful hip joint arthroplasty affects different stakeholders e.g. patient and surgeon and depends on various influencing factors within the product life cycle as well as the applied technological opportunities. Due to the complex dependencies between influencing factors, technological opportunities and stakeholders, this contribution introduces an IPD-based approach to improve the quality of total hip arthroplasties.
AN INVESTIGATION OF A GENERATIVE PARAMETRIC DESIGN APPROACH FOR A ROBUST SOLUTION DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Li H. , Brockmöller T. , Gembarski P. C. , Lachmayer R.
Published: June 2020

The main design activity in engineering practice is to adapt existing designs or to create variants of existing products to new demands, which require a robust model against both parametric and topological changes. To design such a kind of model becomes a big challenge, especially in the development of structural components due to the number of load application points, variable load cases and restrictions from manufacturing technologies. Thus, the generative parametric design approach is applied to generating high dynamic product models, allowing them to be adjusted for changes feasibly.
ASSESSING THE FUTURE: METHODS AND CRITERIA
Authors: Gräßler I. , Thiele H. , Scholle P.
Published: June 2020

As time-to-market is getting shorter, customer needs have to be identified as early as possible in product development. Correctly applied, corporate foresight can give a glimpse into the future to anticipate such needs and thus gain a competitive advantage. A support tool to choose the appropriate method of foresight is not available yet. Thus, a literature study on foresight methods in industry is performed and a novel decision support tool is proposed which avoids high entrepreneurial risks. Based on the findings, potentials for future work are identified for different types of methods.
IMPROVING SCENARIO-TECHNIQUE BY A SEMI-AUTOMATIZED CONSISTENCY ASSESSMENT BASED ON PATTERN RECOGNITION BY ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors: Gräßler I. , Scholle P. , Thiele H.
Published: June 2020

To enhance the success of innovations, various methods for foresight have been developed. Automatization yields the potential of shifting effort away from the process to the actual in-depth analysis of resulting scenarios in scenario-technique. Within this paper, an approach based on a user-specific classification of input factors (consistency values) is presented. Generic consistency patterns used for a semi-automatized consistency assessment based on artificial neural networks are identified using a case study approach. Hereby, the effort for scenario-technique can be reduced significantly.
MOBILITY BOX: A DESIGN RESEARCH METHODOLOGY TO EXAMINE PEOPLE'S NEEDS IN RELATION TO AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE DESIGNS AND MOBILITY BUSINESS MODEL
Authors: Wolff S. , Auernhammer J. , Schockenhoff F. , Angerer C. , Wittmann M.
Published: June 2020

The future focus of research in the automotive sector will be on automation and data-driven technologies. These technologies provide new services and values to customers, owners and other stakeholders in mobility. We propose a wizard-of-oz like method to evaluate future user needs and redesign the current approach of vehicle development. The mobility box provides a modular and extendable framework to merge user centred design with vehicle data acquisition. This enables the design of services and properties for unknown mobility concepts.
ACHIEVING SIMPLICITY: A CONSIDERATION OF A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH
Authors: Pilz F. , Vajna S. , Schabacker M.
Published: June 2020

Design principles from the field of design engineering require that a product be designed as unambiguous, safe and simple as possible. Simplicity results on the one hand from an objective product-relevant side, on the other hand from the experience and knowledge of the user. A product that is perceived as simple by one person may seem complicated to another. From this, the questions arise, with which attributes simplicity can be described and how these are to be captured. In this paper, an evaluation system for the subjective attributes of simplicity is created using the fuzzy sets approach.
SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF ENGINEERING DESIGN CONVERSATIONS
Authors: Georgiev G. V. , Georgiev D. D.
Published: June 2020

To objectively and quantitatively study transcribed protocols of design conversations, we apply a semantic analysis approach based on dynamic semantic networks of nouns. We examined the applicability of the approach focused on a dynamic evaluation of the design problem solving process in engineering design educational settings. Using a case of real-world case, we show that the approach is able to determine the time dynamics of semantic factors such as level of abstraction, polysemy, information content, and quantify convergence/divergence in engineering design conversations.
APPROACH FOR SUSTAINABILITY CRITERIA AND PRODUCT LIFE-CYCLE DATA SIMULATION IN CONCEPT SELECTION
Authors: Kwok S. Y. , Schulte J. , Hallstedt S. I.
Published: June 2020

Companies struggle with identifying relevant sustainability aspects strategically, assessing alternative solutions quantitatively, and making trade-offs. This paper reports results from a prescriptive study with an aerospace company, and presents the Sustainability Criteria And product life-cycle Data Simulation (SCADS) approach. Based on strategic integration of sustainability indicators, this approach aims to enable visualisation and comparison of the sustainability implications of different concepts in early design phases of product development.
FAULT-TOLERANT DESIGN OF A GEAR SHIFTING SYSTEM FOR AUTONOMOUS DRIVING
Authors: Stetter R. , Göser R. , Gresser S. , Witczak M. , Till M.
Published: June 2020

This paper reports the application of the methods and tools of fault-tolerant design to an automated shifting system and their reflection and extension. Fault-tolerant design has emerged in the last years and is generally understood as a collection of strategies, methods, algorithms, tools and insights which are intended to support the development of technical systems which are fault-tolerant because of their controllability but also their inherent fault-tolerant design qualities. The field of application is a shifting system for the gear system of a formula student driverless race car.
A METHOD TO EXPLORE PRODUCT RISK IN PRODUCT LIFECYCLE MANAGEMENT OF CONFIGURED PRODUCTS
Authors: Riascos Castaneda R. , Ostrosi E. , Majić T. , Stjepandić J. , Sagot J.-C.
Published: June 2020

Today high quality and low product development turnaround time are company-wide priorities. Quality supporting processes such as an effective risk management system shall support continuous business running and meeting the goals of an organization. In this paper, an approach is presented on how to integrate the product risk management in Product Lifecycle Management for configured products by definition of an additional software module and its implementation.
ACCEPTANCE AND USER EXPERIENCE OF WEARABLE ASSISTIVE DEVICES FOR INDUSTRIAL PURPOSES
Authors: Papp E. , Wölfel C. , Krzywinski J.
Published: June 2020

This paper presents experience-oriented aspects of the development of wearable assistive devices (exoskeletons) for industrial purposes, an area which has only begun to be explored. Our research aims to examine user acceptance criteria for assistive devices and understand the meaning of interaction with wearable assistive devices for the users. The resulting models deliver new insights about the importance of user experience for technology acceptance and should be generally considered in development processes of wearable assistive devices.