bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The use of medicinal plants for the treatment of psoriasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gonçalves Gisele MS , Wenceslau Laina R , Mendonça Jose Alexandre
Published: November 2022

Background

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease that presents as scaly patches on the skin that affects about 3% of the world's population. Adherence to treatment and discrimination against people are common problems, adversely impacts quality of life.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate the use of medicinal plants as therapeutic adjuvants in the treatment of plaque psoriasis through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods

A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in patients with plaque psoriasis was carried out, comparing the efficacy of herbal treatments alone or in association with other therapies. The search was performed in the databases of The Cochrane Library, Lilacs, Medline via PubMed and Embase, only including studies published from 2016 to 2020.The certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT) in patients with plaque psoriasis was carried out, comparing the efficacy of herbal treatments alone or in association with other therapies. We comprehensively searched the MEDLINE, Embase, Lilacs and Cochrane Library databases, only including studies published from 2016 to 2020. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach.

Results

Out of 2,268 articles evaluated, only seven RCT were eligible for final analysis. Five of these studies evidenced low risk of bias and a high level of evidence.

Limitations

Few RCT of medicinal plants.

Conclusion

This meta-analysis indicates that medicinal plants may be used as topical or oral products, either alone or combined with other forms of treatment. These products have the potential to greatly improve the quality of life of the patient.
Structural features of the formation of the management complex in the oil and gas sector
Authors: Малунов Т.И. , Аллабердин И.З.
Published: November 2022

Производственная инфраструктура промышленного предприятия является системообразующим элементом производства, способствующим производственной деятельности предприятия путем предоставления производственных услуг. Производственная инфраструктура предприятия составляет составную часть производства, которая имеет подчиненный, вспомогательный характер и обеспечивает стабильную деятельность предприятия в целом, способствует ее эффективности. Однако, прежде чем принять решение о реструктуризации существующих инфраструктурных подразделений и прежде, чем дать ответ на вопрос должно ли предприятие самостоятельно выполнять инфраструктурные функции или целесообразнее передать их на аутсорсинг, топ-менеджеры нефтегазовых предприятий должны провести внутренний аудит целей и задач, стоящих перед вспомогательными и обслуживающими подразделениями предприятия. Это позволит сопоставить вызовы внешней среды и угрозы, которые существуют внутри самого предприятия, разработать план действий по развитию производственной инфраструктуры. Процесс совершенствования оперативного управления отдельными подразделениями, как материально-технического или инструментального обеспечения, ремонтного или энергетического обслуживания необходимо проводить с привлечением современных подходов операционного менеджмента. Это позволяет самостоятельно без необходимости реструктуризации нефтегазового предприятия провести реинжиниринг бизнес-процессов и повысить уровень развития отдельных инфраструктурных подразделений.

The production infrastructure of an industrial enterprise is a system-forming element of production, contributing to the production activity of the enterprise by providing production services. The production infrastructure of the enterprise is an integral part of production, which has a subordinate, auxiliary character and ensures the stable operation of the enterprise as a whole, contributes to its efficiency. However, before deciding to restructure existing infrastructure units and before answering the question whether the company should independently perform infrastructure functions or it would be more expedient to outsource them, top managers of oil and gas enterprises should conduct an internal audit of the goals and objectives facing the auxiliary and service units of the enterprise. This will allow us to compare the challenges of the external environment and the threats that exist within the enterprise itself, to develop an action plan for the development of production infrastructure. The process of improving the operational management of individual units, such as material and technical or instrumental support, repair or energy maintenance, should be carried out with the involvement of modern operational management approaches. This makes it possible to independently reengineer business processes and increase the level of development of individual infrastructure units without the need to restructure an oil and gas company.
Material flows and Embodied Energy of Direct Air Capture
Authors: Simon Bálint
Published: November 2022

Direct air capture (DAC) is an essential nexus of CO2 chemistry and climate mitigation. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is often used to validate the environmental potential of emerging technologies. Consequently, an increased number of ex-ante LCAs is expected in this field. However, a comprehensive description through paramterized modelling of life cycle inventories of distinc technological pathways, which is essential for transparency, has recently been missing from the international literature. To fill this gap, the present study analyzes three selected DAC technologies to create an inventory. Amine-based adsorption and absorption, as well as alkali-based absorption, were modelled. The energy consumption of the operation, cradle-to-gate embodied energy, and sensitivity analysis based on parameter variations were carried out. The “cradle-to-gate” energy requirement of DAC often lies in the range or above the formation energy of CO2 (8.94 GJ energy can be obtained by formation of 1t CO2 from elementary C and O2). This indicates that theoretically more energy is required for capture, as can be obtained during the formation of CO2. Because energy has continuously growing economic and ecological value, this energy intensity of DAC implies that DAC might have important role in CCU to add directly measurable economic value. The parametrized model includes over 60 parameters, resulting in an array of possible energy and material requirements. The use of this wide range of figures in life cycle assessment sheds light on real opportunities for direct air capture in future product systems. The option of varying parameters enables the tailoring of the calculation to a particular situation or design. In this way, the calculator offers a common base for LCA, fostering an early stage analysis of DAC technologies.
Insights into Generalization of the Rate-Limiting Steps of the Dehalogenation by LinB and DhaA: A Computational Approach
Authors: Sowińska Agata , Rostkowski Michał , Krzemińska Agnieszka , Englman Tzofia , Gelman Faina , Dybala-Defratyka Agnieszka
Published: November 2022

LinB and DhaA are well-known haloalkane dehalogenases (HLDs) capable of converting a plethora of halogenated alkanes, also those considered persistent pollutants. The dehalogenation reaction that these two enzymes catalyze has been studied to determine its rate-limiting step (rls) for the last two decades now. As a result, it has been determined that HLDs can show different rate-limiting steps for individual substrates, and at this point we do not have a basis for any generalization in this matter. Therefore, in this work we aimed at gaining insights into the enzymatic dehalogenation of selected dibromo- and bromochloro- ethanes and propanes by LinB and DhaA using computational approach to determine whether defined structural similarities of the substrates result in a unified mechanism and the same rls. By predicting halogen binding isotope effects (BIEs) as well as computing interaction energy for each HLD-ligand complex the nature of the protein-ligand interactions has been characterized. Furthermore, C and Br kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) as well as the minimum free energy paths (MFEPs) were computed to investigate the chemical reaction for the selected systems. Accuracy of the approach and robustness of the computational predictions were validated by measuring KIEs on the selected reactions. Overall results strongly indicate that any generalization with respect to the enzymatic process involving various ligands in the case of DhaA is impossible, even if the considered ligands are structurally similar as those analyzed in the present study. Moreover, even small structural differences such as changing of one of the (non-leaving) halogen substituents may lead to significant changes in the enzymatic process and result in a different rls in the case of LinB. It has also been demonstrated that KIEs themselves cannot be used as rls indicators in the reactions catalyzed by the studied HLDs.
Polyvalent Glycan-Quantum Rods as Multifunctional Mechanistic Probes for Multivalent Glycan-Lectin Recognitions
Authors: Hooper James , Budhadev Darshita , Ainaga Dario Fernandez Ainaga , Hondow Nicole , Zhou Dejian , Guo Yuan
Published: November 2022

Multivalent lectin-glycan interactions (MLGIs) are widespread and vital for biology, and also hold the key to many therapeutic applications. However, the underlying structural and biophysical mechanisms for many MLGIs remain poorly understood, limiting our ability to design glycoconjugates that can potently target specific MLGIs for therapeutic intervention. Glycosylated nanoparticles have recently emerged as a powerful biophysical probe for MLGIs, although how nanoparticle shape affects MLGI mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Herein, we have prepared fluorescent quantum rods (QRs), densely coated with -1,2-manno-biose ligands (denoted as QR-DiMan), as a new multifunctional probe to investigate how scaffold geometry affects the MLGI of a pair of closely-related, important tetrameric viral receptors, DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR. We have previously shown that a DiMan-capped spherical quantum dot (QD-DiMan) gives weak crosslinking interactions with DC-SIGNR but strong simultaneous binding with DC-SIGN. Against the elongated QR scaffold, DC-SIGN retains a similarly strong simultaneous binding of all four binding sites with a single QR-DiMan (apparent K_d ~0.5 nM, ~1.8 million fold stronger than the corresponding monovalent binding), while DC-SIGNR is able to achieve both weak crosslinking and strong individual binding interactions, resulting in a larger binding affinity enhancement than that with QD-DiMan. S/TEM analysis of QR-DiMan-lectin assemblies reveals that DC-SIGNR’s different binding modes arise from the different surface curvatures of the QR scaffold. The glycan display at the spherical ends present too high a steric barrier for DC-SIGNR to bind with all four binding sites, thus it crosslinks between two QR-DiMan to maximize binding multivalency, whereas the more planar character of the cylindrical center allows the glycans to bridge all binding sites in DC-SIGNR. This work thus establishes glycosylated QRs as a powerful new biophysical probe for MLGIs, not only to provide quantitative binding affinities and binding modes, but also to demonstrate the specificity of multivalent lectins in discriminating different glycan displays dictated by the scaffold curvature. This work thus highlights the importance of nano-scaffold shape on MLGIs.
Hepatic DKK1-driven steatosis is CD36 dependent
Authors: Yang Zhen , Huang Xinping , Zhang Jiaye , You Kai , Xiong Yue , Fang Ji , Getachew Anteneh , Cheng Ziqi , Yu Xiaorui , Wang Yan , Wu Feima , Wang Ning , Feng Shufen , Lin Xianhua , Yang Fan , Chen Yan , Wei Hongcheng , Li Yin-xiong
Published: November 2022

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is prevalent worldwide; about 25% of NAFLD silently progress into steatohepatitis, in which some of them may develop into fibrosis, cirrhosis and liver failure. However, few drugs are available for NAFLD, partly because of an incomplete understanding of its pathogenic mechanisms. Here, using in vivo and in vitro gain- and loss-of-function approaches, we identified up-regulated DKK1 plays a pivotal role in high-fat diet–induced NAFLD and its progression. Mechanistic analysis reveals that DKK1 enhances the capacity of hepatocytes to uptake fatty acids through the ERK-PPARγ-CD36 axis. Moreover, DKK1 increased insulin resistance by activating the JNK signaling, which in turn exacerbates disorders of hepatic lipid metabolism. Our finding suggests that DKK1 may be a potential therapeutic and diagnosis candidate for NAFLD and metabolic disorder progression.
Indirect Consumer Inflation Expectations: Theory and Evidence
Authors: Hajdini Ina , Knotek Edward S. , Leer John , Pedemonte Mathieu O. , Rich Robert W. , Schoenle Raphael S.
Published: November 2022

Based on indirect utility theory, we introduce a novel methodology of measuring inflation expectations indirectly. This methodology starts at the individual level, asking consumers about the change in income required to buy the same amounts of goods and services one year ahead. Analytically, our methodology possesses smaller ex-post aggregate inflation forecast errors relative to forecasts based on conventional survey questions. We ask this question in a large-scale, high-frequency survey of consumers in the US and 14 countries, and we show that indirect consumer inflation expectations perform well along several empirical dimensions. Exploiting the geographically detailed, high-frequency variation in the data, we then show that individual experiences matter for inflation expectations, in a nuanced way. For example, age and gender have different effects internationally, while individual inflation and local experiences are generally highly relevant. In an application to gasoline price changes, we identify large effects of experienced gasoline price changes on inflation expectations, characterized by both overreaction and persistence.
The Relationship of Emotional Burnout and Personality Characteristics of Teachers
Authors: Soroka Anatolii , Gmyr Olga
Published: November 2022

The article presents the results of an empirical study devoted to the study of the relationship between emotional burnout and personal characteristics of teachers. The subjects included 60 teachers of different age and work experience. It is proved that in the group of teachers with experience of 3-10 years high results were obtained on the scales of communicative speed and intellectual emotionality, and the group of teachers with experience of 11-30 years were found at a higher level of formation on the scales of resistance phase, emotional symptoms -moral disorientation, reduction of professional responsibilities, psychosomatic, psychovegetative disorders, intellectual ergism and control scale than in the group of teachers with 3-10 years of experience. The most pronounced component of the emotional burnout syndrome in the general sample is depersonalization, which is manifested in the deformation of interpersonal contacts with the environment in the form of increasing negativity towards them. A statistically significant positive correlation was found in the overall subjects between the variables of emotional burnout such as stress phase, emotional exhaustion, reduction of personal achievements with such variables of personality traits as communicative emotionality, indices of general emotionality and general activity. In other words, the higher the level of personality traits, the better teachers prevent the occurrence of emotional burnout. There were shown negative correlations in the general in subjects studied between such variables of emotional burnout syndrome as stress phase, symptom of traumatic circumstances, symptom of personal alienation, emotional exhaustion with such variables of personality traits as communicative ergicness and intellectual speed. Negative psychological manifestations of emotional burnout in teachers, such as increased irritability, decreased self-control which leads to professional destruction, deformation, crises, stress and other negative formations were found. The obtained results can be used in the practical work of a psychologist with teachers.
Social Attitudes as the Factors of Environmental Identity of Ukrainian and Turkish Students
Authors: Kryazh Iryna , Konieva Karyna
Published: November 2022

The problem of socio-psychological and cultural factors influencing environmental identity is considered. The results of a cross-cultural study of the relationship of such social attitudes as belief in a just world, individualism-collectivism, belief in the power of money, with environmental identity in groups of Ukrainian and Turkish students are presented. Differences in the environmental identity and social attitudes of students - representatives of Ukrainian and Turkish cultures are revealed. Turkish students differ from Ukrainian students by a more pronounced environmental identity. At the same time, in each cultural group, the indicators of environmental identity among female students are higher than those among male students. The differences between Turkish and Ukrainian female students are more pronounced than between Ukrainian and Turkish male students. Within the framework of the study as a whole, it is gender and cultural differences that are more significant predictors of environmental identity than the studied social attitudes. It was found that indicators of belief in a just world for others are higher for Turkish students than for Ukrainian students, while vertical individualism is higher in the group of Ukrainian students. Thus, Ukrainian students demonstrate a more pronounced commitment to an individualistic culture. The most closely related to the environmental identity of students, regardless of cultural influences, are the belief in a just world for all and belief in the power of money. If belief in general justice reinforces environmental identity and is reinforced by environmental identity, then belief in the power of money opposes to identification with the natural world. Based on the data from the sample as a whole, a regression model was built, which includes predictors: culture, gender, belief in the justice of the world for all, belief in the power of money. This model explains 34% of the total variance in environmental identity.
Organometrical Parameters of the Placenta in Premature Delivery on the Background of Iron Deficiency Anemia during Pregnancy
Authors:   Bukovinian State Medical University, Department of Pathological Anatomy. 2, Theater Square, Chernivtsi 58000, Ukraine, Garvasiuk О. V. , Ilika V. V. , Davydenko I. S. , Іlika O. V.
Published: November 2022

The purpose of the study was to establish the organometric features of the placenta without disturbing the chorionic tree maturation processes against the background of iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy in two periods of gestation – 29-32 and 33-36 weeks. Materials and methods. A total of 103 placentas were examined. The object of the study was placental chorionic tree at two gestational periods – 29-32 and 33-36 weeks in combination with iron deficiency anemia in gravidas. The study of the placenta at the organ level involved the determination of the basic organometric parameters, umbilical cord and free amniotic membranes, the evaluation of the attachment of the umbilical cord to the organ, the type of branching of the chorionic plate, descriptive characteristics of the maternal surface of the placenta with assessment of cotyledons. Placenta’s weight, thickness, maternal surface area and volume of each placenta were determined. The determination of gestational period is based on a combination of two principles: morphological stages of development of the chorionic tree of the placenta and clinical affiliation of the material (premature birth). The planning of the required number of observations in each study group was determined on the basis of calculations of a sufficient number for the specific statistical method used at a sensitivity level of 0.80 and a significance level of p = 0.05. Results and discussion. In both study groups with normal maturation of the chorionic tree of the placenta in combination with iron deficiency anaemia during pregnancy, the degree of maturity of the chorionic tree does not reach the level of physiological pregnancy, p<0.001. At the gestation period of 29-32 weeks, intermediate mature and terminal chorionic villi predominate histologically. At 33-36 weeks, terminal chorionic villi are significantly predominant. For both terms, fibrinoid is found in the form of a continuous or sometimes intermittent layer that covers the villus on its surface from the outside. A high percentage of trophoblastic and villous growths is characteristic, which is associated with the strengthening of the phenomena of regeneration of damaged villi. Conclusion. Iron deficiency anaemia during pregnancy affects the development of the chorionic tree of the placenta – the degree of maturity of the chorionic tree does not reach the level of physiological pregnancy; the phenomena of regeneration of damaged villi are enhanced. Regardless of the gestation period, the volume of the placenta does not reach the level of a physiological pregnancy. Iron deficiency anaemia during pregnancy can potentiate premature birth in women at 29-32 and 33-36 weeks of gestation
Peculiarities of the Management of Osteoporosis in Patients with Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors:   Poltava State Medical University, Department of Family Medicine and Therapy. 23, Shevchenko St., Poltava 36000, Ukraine, Zhdan V. M. , Ivanytskyi I. V. , Babanina M. Yu. , Kiryan О. A.
Published: November 2022

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of zolendronic acid on bone mineral density in patients with osteoporosis and chronic pancreatitis Materials and methods. 32 patients (average age of 57.7 ± 2.8 years) with decreased bone mineral density and chronic pancreatitis took part in the study. All examined patients were in menopause with an average duration of 4.8 ± 2.5 years. The study included patients with chronic pancreatitis lasting at least 10 years and with preserved exocrine function of the pancreas according to the level of fecal pancreatic elastase. Inclusion criterion was the absence of other concomitant diseases. Bone mineral density was determined using a DEXXUM X-ray densitometer using dual-energy absorptiometrsy. Results and discussion. An isolated decrease in the mineral density of the lumbar spine was diagnosed in 28 patients. In 9 patients there was a combination of a decrease in the mineral density of the spine with a decrease in the mineral density of the femur. The average T criterion of the vertebrae was -2.19 ± 0.18. The average T criterion of the femoral neck was 6 ± 0.5. In order to preserve and restore the mineral density of bone tissue, these patients were recommended to reduce the factors contributing to the loss of bone mass, mainly by stopping the use of alcohol and smoking. The patients were recommended to exercise as much as possible under the supervision of a rehabilitator, especially exercises aimed at improving the mechanics of the spine. The patients received 5 mg of zolendronic acid intravenously as a single drip and took 1500 mg of calcium and 800 IU of vitamin D daily for a year. An isolated decrease in the mineral density of the lumbar spine was diagnosed in 18 patients, in 5 patients there was a combination of a decrease in the mineral density of the spine with a decrease in the mineral density of the femur, the average T criterion of the vertebrae was 1.2 ± 0.12 (р = 0.031), the average femoral neck was -0.8 ± 0.1 (р = 0.025). The level of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, gammaglutamyl transpeptidase, and amylase levels did not reveal any abnormalities. After the introduction of zolendronic acid, 5 patients experienced an increase in temperature to febrile indicators within 2-3 days. None of the patients showed signs of bone fractures during the observation period. Conclusion. Administration of zolendronic acid to patients with decreased bone mineral density on the background of chronic pancreatitis is safe and highly effective
Osteoporosis in Patients with Chronic Pancreatitis – Peculiarities of Diagnostics
Authors:   Poltava State Medical University, Department of Family Medicine and Therapy. 23, Shevchenko St., Poltava 36000, Ukraine, Zhdan V. M. , Ivanytskyi I. V. , Ishcheykina Yu. A.
Published: November 2022

The purpose of the study was to determine the features of the development of osteoporotic bone changes in patients with fibrotic changes of the pancreas against the background of chronic pancreatitis. Materials and methods. 55 patients with chronic pancreatitis were examined. 30 examined were women, 25 were men. The average age of the patients was 47.3±3.5 years. To be included in the study, all patients were excluded from the presence of concomitant diseases. For female patients, preservation of menstrual function was a mandatory condition for inclusion in the study. The degree of fibrotic changes of the pancreas was established on the basis of conducting 2D shear wave elastometry with transcutaneous access by the shear wave method in the SWE mode. Determination of bone mineral density was carried out using a DEXXUM T X-ray densitometer by the method of dual-energy absorptiometry. Results and discussion. The severity of fibrotic changes in the pancreatic parenchyma also affected the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia. Among patients with parenchyma density indicators corresponding to grade 3-4 of fibrotic changes, a decrease in bone mineral density was observed in 83% of examined patients, while among patients with grade 1-2 of such changes, osteoporosis and osteopenia were found in 34% (p = 0.003). In patients with fibrotic changes in the parenchyma of the pancreas, osteoporotic changes in the area of the lumbar vertebrae were noted in 55% of cases with reduced bone mineral density, an isolated decrease in the mineral density of the lumbar spine was diagnosed in 11 patients (28.2% of patients with a decrease in bone mineral density), 5 patients (12.8%) had a combination of a decrease in the mineral density of the spine with a decrease in the mineral density of the hip, the average T criterion of the vertebrae was -2.4±0.5, the average T criterion of the femoral neck was -2.6±0.36. In patients with fibrosis of the parenchyma of the pancreas of 1-2 stages bone mineral density decreased mainly to the level of osteopenia, with a combination of osteopenic changes in the lumbar spine and a decrease in hip mineral density. The average T criterion of vertebrae was -1.6±0.15, femoral neck -1.76±0.18 Conclusion. Patients with chronic pancreatitis are characterized by a high prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia. Patients with stages 3-4 of pancreatic fibrosis have a greater risk of developing this complication. The reduction of bone mineral density in patients with chronic pancreatitis is influenced not only by population risk factors, but also by the duration of pancreatitis. The severity of fibrotic changes in the pancreas affects the localization of changes in bone tissue
Leptin Resistance as a Risk Marker of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Obese Patients
Authors:   Uzhhorod National University, Department of Internal Diseases. 3, Narodna Square, Uzhhorod 88000, Transcarpathian region, Ukraine, Opalenyk S. M. , Patskun S. V.
Published: November 2022

The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of leptin resistance on the formation of the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in obese patients. Materials and methods. We monitored 50 obese patients who consulted an endocrinologist and a gastroenterologist-nutritionist during 2021-2022. The diagnosis of obesity was made on the basis of bioimpedance examination, as well as by calculating the body mass index. Results and discussion. The article describes and analyzes the level of leptin and leptin resistance as a marker of the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in obese patients. To establish the diagnosis of obesity, all patients underwent a bioimpedance examination, and the body mass index was also calculated. Obesity was diagnosed when the body fat content of women was more than 40%, men – more than 28%, and body mass index – more than 30 kg/m2. To identify the syndrome of insulin resistance, the index of insulin resistance was calculated according to the formula: HOMA-IR = fasting insulin (μIU/ml) x fasting glucose (mmol/l) / 22.5. Values exceeding 2.0 were considered insulin resistance. Leptin resistance was diagnosed by determining the presence of the leptin receptor gene and leptin level in blood serum. Leptin resistance was considered to be values of leptin indicators for men more than 5.6 ng/ml, for women – more than 11.1 ng/ml. The level of leptin in blood serum in the group of healthy individuals was within the range of 6.36 ± 2.09 ng/ml in women and 2.96 ± 1.84 ng/ml in men. On the other hand, in obese patients, the serum leptin concentration was 51.49 ± 8.33 ng/ml and 29.71 ± 6.93 ng/ml, respectively. Also, according to the results of the study, a significantly higher level of insulin resistance was observed in all obese patients compared to the control group. These values were at the level of 6.64 ± 2.81 and 7.11 ± 3.52, respectively. Analyzing the results of the study, a reliable relationship between the level of leptin and the severity of obesity was found in all patients. A clear relationship between leptin level and the degree of insulin resistance was also determined. A correlation between the level of leptin and HOMA-IR (r=0.70333; p=0.052) was established, as well as a correlation between fat content, body mass index, leptin level and HOMA-IR (r=0.86187, р=0.0086; r=0.93595, р=0.009; r=0.78098, р=0.007). The detected changes indicate a possible role of leptin and leptin resistance in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and indicate that the level of leptin can be used as a predictor of the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in obese patients. Conclusion. An increase in leptin level in blood serum is observed in obese patients. The level of leptin affects the degree of insulin resistance and can be an additional marker of the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in obese patients
The Use of Diuretics in Medicine and Sports and the Monitoring of Their Consumption in Ukraine
Authors:   National University of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Management and Marketing. 53, Pushkinska Str., Kharkiv 61002, Ukraine, Tkachova O. V. , Butko Ya. O. , Gerasymova O. O.
Published: November 2022

The purpose of the work was to study the range and volume of consumption of diuretics on the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine in 2019-2021. Materials and methods. Indications for the use of diuretics in medicine and sports, as well as the results of monitoring their consumption on the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine in the period from 2019 to 2021 are given in the article. The analysis of the range of diuretic drugs on the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine was carried out according to the information and search system “Pharmstandard” of the “Morion” company. Monitoring of the volume and structure of drug consumption was carried out using the ATС/DDD methodology. Results and discussion. The results of the research showed that diuretic drugs on the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine were represented by four pharmacological subgroups of drugs: thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics, herbal drugs, loop and potassium-sparing diuretics. The number of available International Non-Proprietary Names for 2019-2021 was 11, and trade names – from 110 to 116. The correlation between foreign and domestic manufacturers was: 42-51% and 49-58%, respectively. Torasemide took the first place among the leaders on the market of Ukraine in terms of the number of trade names – from 38 to 39 trade names, because it is more effective, with a pharmacological effect that exceeds furosemide by 2-8 times. Preparations of plant origin took the second place – from 21 to 23 trade names. Indapamide was in the third place – 14 trade names. The total consumption of diuretics for 2019-2021 was 15.83 DIDs in 2019, 15.98 DIDs in 2020 and 16.36 DIDs in 2021. Conclusion. The results of the monitoring showed that the leaders in terms of consumption on the market of Ukraine were the loop diuretic furosemide (4.79-5.24 DIDs) and the potassium-sparing diuretic spironolactone (3.07-3.60 DIDs). In our opinion, the high levels of consumption of these diuretics are due to such a criterion as availability, as well as their presence in the list of drugs for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, which are included in the Government program “Affordable Drugs” and are reimbursed at the expense of the state (partially at the expense of patients). In the future, in this direction, it is planned to investigate the safety of the use of diuretic drugs, both in patients and in athletes. It will also be necessary to monitor the adverse reactions of these drugs in order to identify serious adverse reactions that may threaten human life and to develop measures to prevent the development of undesirable consequences
Formation of Basic Competencies during Implementation of Educational and Professional Program «Medicine» at the Medical Faculty No. 1 of the Poltava State Medical University
Authors:   Poltava State Medical University, Department of Anatomy. 23, Shevchenko St., Poltava 36011, Ukraine, Ryabushko M. M. , Hryn V. H. , Hryn K. V. , Sargosh O. D. , Drabovskiy V. S. , Rybalka Ya. V.
Published: November 2022

The purpose of the study was to investigate the formation of fundamental theoretical and practical fundamentals in the students of higher education at the medical faculty. Materials and methods. The sources of scientific literature. Results and discussion. Modern society creates the need to train a new type of specialists who, in addition to a high professional level, possess such personal and cognitive qualities as management skills, the ability to easily establish contact with new people, both colleagues and patients, in compliance with social and legal norms. A doctor must successfully analyze, form and evaluate business relationships, possess competencies, flexible thinking, stress resistance, innovative activity, desire for constant professional self-improvement. The education system should prepare a specialist who is easily adapted to the changing requirements of the labor market, and should be oriented towards improving his/her qualifications. The key to successful professional formation and growth is the acquisition of a set of competencies – professional qualities necessary for starting independent practical medical activity. The main goal of the work of the medical faculty is to train highly qualified doctors who know their business perfectly, have fundamental theoretical and practical training, are focused on world achievements in the field of medical science, are professionally competent and competitive in the conditions of the development of modern society. Graduates of higher medical education take an active part in the work of the student scientific society, present their scientific achievements at scientific conferences, competitions, and Olympiads. Conclusion. The basic vector of the successful functioning of the medical education system, in particular at the Poltava State Medical University, is the formation of fundamental theoretical and practical principles in higher education students, a conscious motivation for personal and professional improvement, the acquisition of critical thinking experience and the need for ongoing and continuous education. Active coordination participation and assistance, and at the same time, control over the assimilation of knowledge and the course of all educational and scientific processes is provided by the dean's office, as the university's administrative management body, in close cooperation with student self-government structures. A certified specialist, a doctor, must be able to engage in professional practice without harming patients and applying modern, adequate, effective and currently generally accepted methods of treatment, strictly observing ethical and deontological norms and rules
Indicators of Prooxidant-Antioxidant System and Protein Metabolism in Rats after the Influence of Weak Electromagnetic Fields
Authors:   Kharkiv National Medical University, Biological Chemistry Department. 4, Nauky Ave., Kharkiv 61022, Ukraine, Denysenko S. A. , Hoidina V. S. , Popova T. M.
Published: November 2022

The purpose of the work was to study the state of the components of the prooxidant-antioxidant system and indicators of protein metabolism in animals after a long period after exposure to weak electromagnetic fields. Materials and methods. The experiment was carried out on three-month-old white outbred rats. The animals were exposed to low-intensity electromagnetic radiation in the centimeter range for 2 months, 4 hours daily. The study of biochemical parameters of blood serum was carried out 3 months after the end of the experimental exposure. When conducting the research, an emitter in the form of a rectangular horn with a base area of 875 cm was used. Energy radiation was expressed in the power flow density in the area where the experimental animals were located. In the comparison group (n=10), animals were placed in a similar chamber every day, but were not exposed to electromagnetic radiation. Research was conducted in the first half of the day, taking into account circadian rhythms. The analysis of biochemical parameters of blood serum was carried out 3 months after the end of exposure, that is, for rats aged 8 months. Results and discussion. It was revealed that in animals exposed to weak electromagnetic radiation, after a long period after the cancellation of the action, there is an imbalance in the prooxidant-antioxidant system; activation of the non-enzymatic link of antioxidant protection is observed – an increase in the level of s-nitrosothiols against the background of a decrease in the level of lipid peroxidation, which, in addition to a destructive effect on the cell membrane, is a necessary element in maintaining the system of renewal of functionally important component of the lipid layer of cell membranes. The experimentally established dysproteinemia (decrease in the α1 fraction and increase in the α2 fraction of globulins) in animals of the main group may indicate a specific change in the enzymatic spectrum of the synthesis of these proteins in the liver. The activation of antioxidant defense components that we discovered is probably a protective measure aimed at maintaining homeostasis after prolonged exposure to electromagnetic radiation. Conclusion. A decrease in the level of final products of protein metabolism was revealed: creatinine and urea, which suggests a decrease in the rate of protein catabolism. It is concluded that in animals, after a long period after exposure to weak electromagnetic fields of the centimeter range, the level of lipid peroxidation is reduced, specific changes in the indicators of protein metabolism are noted, indicating a decrease in the level of their catabolism. It is suggested that this may be related to a decrease in total muscle mass
The Effect of Gamecrize Tools on Weight Loss in Female Vitubers Using the Example of Ring Fit Adventure
Authors:   Petro Mohyla Black Sea National University, Research part. 68, Desantnykiv Str., 10, Mykolaiv 54003, Ukraine, Sluchak O. I. , Konoplyanik O. V. , Sergienko Yu. M.
Published: November 2022

The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of exergaming with the use of gamecrize tools using the example of Ring Fit Adventure for weight loss in female vitubers aged 18-25 years in conditions of self-isolation. Materials and methods. A statistical analysis of the tables of the results of the first streams of vitubers by Ring Fit Adventure for 25 vloggers with a total gameplay time of 1 hour, 12 minutes, 38 seconds was carried out. Statistics were created on the number of repetitions and holding time for 7 exercises performed by streamers during the game. The overall effectiveness of using Ring Fit Adventure for weight loss was calculated based on calories burned per hour of exercise. A comparison was made with the results of a previous study on exterior mobile exergames and the results of similar studies by other scientists. Results and discussion. The average rate of burning calories per minute of training for streamers was determined at the level of 4.5 kcal, or 269.87 kcal/h. Considering the calorie content of subcutaneous fat, which is 7,716 kcal/kg, it takes 28 hours 35 minutes and 4 seconds to lose 1 kg of weight. Given that Ring Fit Adventure exercises are the equivalent of moderate-intensity exercise, no more than 250 minutes of exercise per week is recommended, which means the possibility of losing a kilogram of subcutaneous fat in 7 weeks. Of course, at the same time, the real mass loss in the intermediate stages, due to water loss, will be higher, but we are talking about the burning of adipose tissue. At the same time, a one-hour training session provides only slightly more than half of the maximum calorie deficit recommended by the World Health Organization (500 kcal/day), and it is better to train no more than 4 times a week for 1 hour 32 minutes, so that the muscles have time to rest. A study of the effectiveness of burning calories with the use of gamecrize tools was conducted using the example of Ring Fit Adventure and the result was 269.87 kcal/h, or 4.5 kcal/h per 1 kg of body weight for an average woman according to the World Health Organization standards (65 kg). Conclusion. The average rate of energy loss from outdoor mobile games, determined by a previous study, is 5.65 kcal per 1 kg of body weight, or 367.25 kcal/day (5 km). This means that walking 5 km per day using outdoor mobile games like PokemonGo is more effective than an hour's training in Ring Fit Adventure. At the same time, repetition of training with the gamecrize ring should take into account the need for breaks, because daily training of this nature will not allow the muscles to recover. However, the positive effect on joints and ligaments, as well as the burning of calories by muscles in a passive mode, make such training a fairly effective substitute for walking in conditions of self-isolation
Features of Changes in the Functional Capabilities of Athletes during Strength Training in Horting in Conditions of Different Combinations of Using Basic and Isolated Exercises
Authors:   Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University, 30, Vinnichenko Str., Lutsk 43025, Ukraine, Fedorov S. I. , Pantyk V. V.
Published: November 2022

The purpose of the work was to study the dynamics of the maximum muscle strength parameters in horting athletes at the stage of specialized basic training using the most effective combinations of basic and isolated exercises for strength fitness during training. Materials and methods. 40 athletes aged 19-21 years who have been systematically engaged in horting for the last 3 ± 0.4 years were examined. To solve the set goal, two research groups (1 and 2) were formed. The duration of the study was 12 weeks. The participants of group 1 during 12 weeks of strength training for the load of a separate muscle group used first basic exercises, and then 2 isolated ones. The representatives of group 2 used the principle of premature fatigue in the training process (for a separate muscle group, they first perform 2 exercises of an isolated nature, and then the basic one). The effectiveness of the influence of training loads in the proposed conditions on the level of functional capabilities of the examinees was evaluated using the dynamics of the maximum muscle strength (1 PM) during the performance of basic and isolation exercises in the control testing process. Results and discussion. In the process of experimental research, it was determined that in athletes of group 2, the average group indicators of maximum muscle strength, fixed during the performance of basic exercises, demonstrate growth dynamics by 53.7% (р<0.05) during 12 weeks of training compared to the weekend data. At the same time, in the athletes of group 1, for a similar period of time, the controlled indicators of strength capabilities (1 PM of the pectoral, deltoid and triceps muscles of the shoulder) in basic exercises show an increase of 45.3% (р<0.05). It was found that the studied indicators of strength capabilities during isolation exercises for the pectoral and deltoid muscles of the athletes of group 1 show almost 13% lower growth rates during the study, compared to the results of the opponents. At that time, the monitoring of the results of the growth of the parameters of the maximum strength of the triceps muscle during the isolation exercise in representatives of both groups shows that, regardless of the specifics of the training activity, the studied indicators show a minimal (1.5%) difference between the groups after 12 weeks of training. Conclusion. At the stage of specialized basic training in the process of strength training, the use of the principle of premature fatigue, which is based on the load of a separate muscle group, first with 2 exercises of an isolated nature, and then with the basic one, contributes to the most accelerated growth of the maximum muscle strength of athletes engaged in horting compared to the generally recognized variability in the use of structurally appropriate means of training load
Adolescent Cannabis Use Among Youth in ZIP Codes with Medical Dispensaries
Authors: Smith Douglas , Begum Shahana , Carrington Allison , Campbell Corey , Taylor Shaneil , Reinhart Crystal , Swartz James
Published: November 2022

Introduction. In the United States, 19 states permit recreational use of cannabis, with 16 more permitting medical use (Marijuana Policy Project, 2021). Concerns remain about whether liberalized policies result in increased adolescent cannabis use. To date, limited evidence exists that the statewide prevalence of adolescent cannabis use increased in states with liberalized policies. However, analyses at local levels show some negative impacts. Thus, we analyzed if living in a ZIP code with a dispensary (ZCWD) was associated with adolescent cannabis use. Methods. Dispensary ZIP codes from public records were matched to self-reported ZIP codes on the Illinois Youth Survey (IYS). We compared past 30-day and past-year cannabis use among youth living in a ZCWD and not living in a ZCWD. Results. About one in eight adolescents (12.8%, n = 1,348) in the weighted sample (n=10,569) resided in a ZCWD. Overall, past 30-day use was lower among youth who lived in ZIP codes with dispensaries (OR = .69, p < .05), with variation by grade. For example, only 10th (OR = .62, p < .05) and 12th graders (OR = .59, p < .05) living in a ZCWD had lower odds of past 30-day cannabis use. Additionally, only 12th graders in a ZCWD had lower odds of past-year use (OR = .70, p < .05). Finally, suburban youth living in a ZCWD also had lower odds of cannabis use (OR = .54, p < .01). Conclusion/Discussion. Cannabis use was significantly lower among 10th and 12th graders living in a ZCWD. Additional research should continue to monitor evolving state policies and whether they are associated with adolescent cannabis use.