bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enzymatic coloration of wool fabrics and its comparison with conventional dyeing
Authors: Atav Rıza , Karagöz Gökmen , Ergünay Uğur
Published: August 2024

The search for a more ecological alternative to dyeing processes, which is the most polluting textile process, has become one of the most studied topics today. In this respect, enzymatic colouring with the use of laccases offer important opportunities, but studies on enzymatic colouring are still very limited. However, in order for enzymatic dyeing to find industrial‐scale use, the colour variety must be wide. Within the scope of this study, it is an important output that this study has brought to the literature, that the variety of colours that have been obtained in the literature in enzymatic dyeing has been increased so far by working with a wide variety of precursors and their mixtures, including those that have not been tested on wool before. At the same time, the reaction mechanism of the enzymatic dye synthesis and the chemical structures of the dyes were elucidated by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. Beyond that, as it is known, when a new dyeing process is developed, its technical, economic and ecological advantages and disadvantages compared to the currently accepted conventional dyeing should be revealed. In this study, the colours obtained by enzymatic dyeing were matched with 1:2 metal complex dyes and then two fabrics dyed with the same colour, one enzymatic and the other with conventional method, were compared in terms of technical (colour, fastness), economic (water, energy and chemical consumption) and ecological (biological oxygen demand of wastewater, chemical oxygen demand, etc.) aspects.
Therapeutic effects of tetrahedral framework nucleic acids and tFNAs‐miR22 on retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Xu Xiaoxiao , Fu Yanyan , Luo Delun , Zhang Lina , Huang Xi , Chen Yingying , Lei Chunyan , Liu Jinnan , Li Shiqi , Yu Zhouyuan , Lin Yunfeng , Zhang Meixia
Published: August 2024

Retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury (RI/R) is a common pathological process in ophthalmic diseases, which can cause severe visual impairment. The mechanisms underlying RI/R damage and repair are still unclear. Scholars are actively exploring effective intervention strategies to restore impaired visual function. With the development of nucleic acid nanomaterials, tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNAs) have shown promising therapeutic potential in various fields such as stem cells, biosensors, and tumour treatment due to their excellent biological properties. Besides, miRNA‐22‐3p (miR‐22), as an important regulatory factor in neural tissue, has been proven to have positive effects in various neurodegenerative diseases. By stably constructing a complex of tetrahedral framework nucleic acids miR22 (tFNAs‐miR22), we observed that tFNAs‐miR22 had a positive effect on the repair of RI/R injury in retinal neural tissue. Previous studies have shown that tFNAs can effectively deliver miR‐22 into damaged retinal neurons, subsequently exerting neuroprotective effects. Interestingly, we found that there was a certain synergistic effect between tFNAs and miR‐22. tFNAs‐miR22 can selectively activated the ERK1/2 signalling pathway to reduce neuronal apoptosis, accelerate cell proliferation, and restore synaptic functional activity. In this study, we established a simple yet effective small molecule drug for RI/R treatment which may become a promising neuroprotectant for treating this type of vision impairment disease in the future.
Dispersal of a wolf with complex ancestry from the Dinaric–Alpine region to Germany demonstrates the value of transboundary monitoring networks
Authors: Konec Marjeta , Collet Sebastian , Nowak Carsten , Skrbinšek Tomaž , Stronen Astrid Vik
Published: August 2024

Large carnivores such as wolves (Canis lupus) at times disperse distances of several hundred kilometers, which may enable gene flow over vast distances. Such long‐distance dispersal events, however, often remain undetected, and documenting long‐distance dispersers and their movements typically depend on strong transboundary collaborations. Here, we report the dispersal of a wolf (MSV0FF) from the Alpine region of northern Slovenia to Bavaria in southern Germany, a straight‐line distance of around 300 km. The disperser originated in a pack with a genetically diverse breeding pair, where the father exhibited ancestry from the Dinaric and Italian Alpine populations. Genetic analysis of the mother indicated that she was an immigrant from a divergent population further south in the Dinaric‐Balkan region. Such a varied ancestry augments the probability of immigrants being genetically misclassified as wolf‐dog hybrids in their area of arrival, which increases the risk of unfavorable management decisions toward individuals that would be genetically highly valuable for the recipient population. Wolf MSV0FF therefore demonstrates the benefits of international collaborative monitoring networks and the value of sharing samples and analytical approaches for the monitoring of wide‐ranging species.
Comparison of renal prognosis between dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor users and non‐users
Authors: Hashimoto Hideaki , Satoh Michihiro , Nakayama Shingo , Toyama Maya , Murakami Takahisa , Obara Taku , Nakaya Naoki , Mori Takefumi , Hozawa Atushi , Metoki Hirohito
Published: August 2024

Aim

To evaluate the renal prognosis of dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor (DPP‐4i) users and non‐users using real‐world Asian data.

Methods

Using databases from DeSC Healthcare, Inc., patients aged 30 years or older who used antidiabetic drugs from 2014 to 2021 were identified. Propensity score matching analyses were used to compare renal prognosis between DPP‐4i users and non‐users. The primary outcomes were estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline and end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) development in the eGFR of 45 mL/min/1.73m2 or higher and eGFR of less than 45 mL/min/1.73m2 groups, respectively.

Results

In total, 65 375 and 9866 patients were identified in the eGFR of 45 mL/min/1.73m2 or higher and eGFR of less than 45 mL/min/1.73m2 groups, respectively. In the eGFR of 45 mL/min/1.73m2 or higher group, propensity score matching created 16 002 pairs. A significant difference was observed in the primary outcome of eGFR decline between DPP‐4i users and non‐users at 2 years (−2.31 vs. −2.56 mL/min/1.73m2: difference, 0.25 mL/min/1.73m2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.06‐0.44) and 3 years (−2.75 vs. −3.41 mL/min/1.73m2: difference, 0.66 mL/min/1.73m2; 95% CI, 0.39‐0.93). In the eGFR less than 45 mL/min/1.73m2 group, propensity score matching created 2086 pairs. After a mean of 2.2 years of observation, ESKD development was 1.15% and 2.30% in users and non‐users, respectively, and Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed a significant difference (log rank P = .005).

Conclusions

This retrospective real‐world study revealed that patients using DPP‐4is had a better renal prognosis than those not using DPP‐4is.
Human activity drives establishment, but not invasion, of non‐native plants on islands
Authors: Pfadenhauer William G. , DiRenzo Graziella V. , Bradley Bethany A.
Published: August 2024

Island ecosystems are particularly susceptible to the impacts of invasive species. Many rare and endangered species that are endemic to islands are negatively affected by invasions. Past studies have shown that the establishment of non‐native species on islands is related to native plant richness, habitat heterogeneity, island age, human activity, and climate. However, it is unclear whether the factors promoting establishment (i.e. the formation of self‐sustaining populations) also promote subsequent invasion (i.e. spread and negative impacts). Using data from 4308 non‐native plant species across 46 islands and archipelagos globally, we examined which biogeographic characteristics influence established and invasive plant richness using generalized linear models nested within piecewise structural equation models. Our results indicate that anthropogenic land use (i.e. human modification) is strongly associated with establishment but not invasion, that climate (maximum monthly temperature) is strongly associated with invasion but not establishment, and that habitat heterogeneity (represented by maximum elevation and island area) is strongly associated with both establishment and invasion. Island isolation explains native plant richness well, but is not associated with established and invasive plant richness, likely due to anthropogenic introductions. We conclude that anthropogenic land use on islands is likely to be a proxy for the number of introductions (i.e. propagule pressure), which is more important for establishment than invasion. Conversely, islands with more diverse habitats and favorable (warm) climate conditions are likely to contain more available niche space (i.e. ‘vacant niches') which create opportunities for both establishment and invasion. By evaluating multiple stages of the invasion process, we differentiate between the biogeographic characteristics that influence plant establishment (which does not necessarily lead to ecological impacts) versus those that influence subsequent plant invasion (which does lead to negative impacts).
Integrating spotted hyena optimization technique with generative artificial intelligence for time series forecasting
Authors: Salama Reda
Published: August 2024

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) has developed as an effective tool for time series predicting, revolutionizing the typical methods of prediction. Different classical approaches that depend on existing approaches and assumptions, generative AI controls advanced deep learning (DL) approaches like generative adversarial networks (GANs) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs), to identify designs and connections in time series data. DL has accomplished major success in optimizing performances connected with AI. In the financial area, it can be extremely utilized for the stock market predictive, trade implementation approaches, and set of optimizers. Stock market predictive is the most important use case in this field. GANs with advanced AI approaches have become more significant in recent times. However, it can be utilized in image‐image‐translation and other computer vision (CV) conditions. GANs could not utilized greatly for stock market prediction because of their effort to establish the proper set of hyperparameters. This study develops an integrated spotted hyena optimization algorithm with generative artificial intelligence for time series forecasting (SHOAGAI‐TSF) technique. The purpose of the SHOAGAI‐TSF technique is to accomplish a forecasting process for the utilization of stock price prediction. The SHOAGAI‐TSF technique uses probabilistic forecasting with a conditional GAN (CGAN) approach for the prediction of stock prices. The CGAN model learns the data generation distribution and determines the probabilistic prediction from it. To boost the prediction results of the CGAN approach, the hyperparameter tuning can be performed by the use of the SHOA. The simulation result analysis of the SHOAGAI‐TSF technique takes place on the stock market dataset. The experimental outcomes determine the significant solution of the SHOAGAI‐TSF algorithm with other compared methods in terms of distinct metrics.
Optimal mesh size of traps for marbled flounder (Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae) based on biological and economic factors
Authors: Koo Myungsung , Kwon Inyeong
Published: August 2024

Gear selectivity is crucial in fisheries management because it influences the size and species of fish caught, with traditional methods often basing optimal mesh size on the mature length of a target species. However, to ensure sustainable fisheries, both biological aspects of resource protection and fishing operation efficiency must be considered. This study aimed to determine the ideal mesh size for trap fishing of marbled flounder (Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae) in Gyeongsangnam‐do, South Korea, by using biological and economic factors for sustainable fisheries management. We sampled fish caught in traps of varying mesh sizes (35, 50, 65, 80, and 100 mm) and developed two models based on fish maturity, bycatch ratio, and CPUE. Model 1 used a maturity criterion of 17.8 cm, and Model 2 used the legal minimum length limit of 20 cm. Net selectivity curves indicated that the optimal mesh size ranged 50–65 mm based only on a minimum mature body length of 17.8 cm. In contrast, the optimal mesh size based on both biological and economic factors ranged 57.5–90 mm. Our findings could guide policymakers in enhancing marble flounder population management strategies through policy adjustments in mesh size and gear restrictions.
Responses of workers' organizations to the COVID‐19 crisis: Intersectional approaches of domestic workers in Mexico
Authors: Teixeira Fernanda
Published: August 2024

The COVID‐19 pandemic profoundly impacted the paid domestic work sector in the global South, exacerbating long‐standing inequalities experienced by domestic workers. This article explores how domestic workers' organizations (DWOs) mobilized to support this marginalized workforce during the crisis. Adopting an intersectional perspective, the study shows that DWOs in Mexico strategically used their intersecting identities as working‐class women from ethnic minorities to garner support from civil society organizations aligned with their cause. These efforts proved essential in addressing the immediate needs of domestic workers and challenging inequalities in the face of inadequate support from national and local authorities. DWOs played a crucial role in raising awareness, providing services, and shaping public policy to promote decent work in the sector. The article contributes to the body of research on domestic work by illuminating DWOs' intersectional approaches to confronting oppression and marginalization during the crisis. This has wider implications for understanding other sectors characterized by inequality, particularly where marginalized women form a significant part of the workforce.
Spatial Variation of the Gastrointestinal Microbiota in Response to Long‐Term Administration of Vonoprazan in Mice With High Risk of Gastric Cancer
Authors: Peng Chao , Xu Xinbo , Ouyang Yaobin , Li Yu , Lu Nonghua , Zhu Yin , He Cong
Published: August 2024

Background

Vonoprazan, a potassium‐competitive acid blocker, is superior to traditional proton pump inhibitor (PPI) in acid suppression and has been approved in the treatment of acid‐related disorders. Accumulating evidence suggest associations between PPI use and gut microbiota, yet the effect of vonoprazan on GI microbiota is obscure.

Methods

Transgenic FVB/N insulin‐gastrin (INS‐GAS) mice as a model of gastric cancer (GC) were administered vonoprazan by gavage every other day for 12 weeks. Stomachs were evaluated by histopathology, Ki‐67 proliferation index, and inflammatory cytokines. The mucosal and lumen microbiota from stomach, jejunum, ileum, cecum, and feces were detected using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

Results

Higher incidence of intestinal metaplasia and epithelial proliferation were observed in the vonoprazan group than that in the control mice. Vonoprazan also elevated the gastric expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6. Each mice comprised a unique microbiota composition that was consistent across different niches. The structure of GI microbiota changed dramatically after vonoprazan treatment with the stomach being the most disturbed segment. Vonoprazan administration shifted the gut microbiota toward the enrichment of pathogenic Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Bilophila, and the loss of commensal Prevotella, Bifidobacterium, and Faecalibacterium. Interestingly, compared to the controls, microbial interactions were weaker in the stomach while stronger in the jejunum of the vonoprazan group.

Conclusions

Long‐term vonoprazan treatment promoted gastric lesions in male INS‐GAS mice, with the disequilibrium of GI microbiome. The clinical application of vonoprazan needs to be judicious particularly among those with high risk of GC.
A bibliometric analysis on intended and actual turnover in higher education
Authors: Rahman Md. Siddikur , Som Hishamuddin Md. , Rahman Md H Asibur , Karim Dewan Niamul
Published: August 2024

The issue of turnover intention and actual turnover is a growing concern worldwide, particularly in the higher education sector. However, little attention has been paid to conducting bibliometric studies to map this phenomenon in the higher education sector. To address this gap, we conducted a bibliometric analysis using science mapping tools to examine 561 relevant documents collected from the Scopus database published from 1983 to 2023. The study aims to demonstrate an updated understanding of the conceptual structure and key players in the arena of turnover intention and actual turnover in higher education. The study examined the domain's growth over time, geographic distribution, and the contributions of publishing authors, documents, and journals to plot the intellectual structure as well as the research fronts. The study analysis reveals a sensible accumulation of scholarly insights on turnover intention and actual turnover in higher education contexts over the last four decades. This study represents one of the initial endeavours to systematically and methodically map the literature on turnover intention and actual turnover within the higher education context, employing bibliometric. The investigation offers a comprehensive synopsis of the research area's evolution and highlights potential research priorities that warrant further exploration.
How does orthodontic tooth movement influence the dental pulp? RNA‐sequencing on human premolars
Authors: Zhao Zuodong , Attanasio Catia , Zong Chen , Pedano Mariano Simón , Cadenas de Llano‐Pérula María
Published: August 2024

Objectives

The objective of this study is to analyse the gene expression profile of the dental pulp (DP) of human premolars subjected to 7 and 28 days of orthodontic force (OF) in vivo by using RNA sequencing. The maxillary and mandibular DP were additionally compared.

Methods

Healthy patients requiring orthodontic premolar extractions were randomly assigned to one of the three groups: control (CG) where no OF was applied, 7 and 28 days, where premolars were extracted either 7 or 28 days after the application of a 50–100 g OF. Total RNA was extracted from the DP and analysed via RNA‐seq. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using a false discovery rate and fold change threshold of <0.05 and ≥1.5, respectively. Functional analysis was performed.

Results

After 7 days of OF, pulp reaction indicates immune response, hypoxia, DNA damage and epigenetic regulation. After 28 days, cell adhesion, migration, organization and tissue repair are evident. The maxillary and mandibular pulp tissues react differently to OF. The maxilla exhibits minimal alterations, mostly related to immune response at 7 days and tissue repair at 28 days, whereas the mandible shows mostly DNA damage and epigenetic regulation at 7 days and return to the original state at 28 days.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that the early reaction of the DP to OF is marked by immune response, hypoxia and DNA damage. In contrast, after 28 days, cell adhesion, migration, organization, tissue repair and dentine formation are observed. Maxillary and mandibular premolars react differently to OF: although the maxilla exhibits minimal alterations at both time points, the mandible mostly shows DNA damage, epigenetic regulation, and immune response at 7 days. These disparities could stem from different blood supplies or the lower maxillary bone density, potentially triggering faster biological changes. Our findings provide insights into the gene regulatory networks modulating DP response to OF.
Effects of combined aerobic and resistance training on the inflammatory profile of children with overweight/obesity: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Gil‐Cosano Jose J. , Plaza‐Florido Abel , Gracia‐Marco Luis , Migueles Jairo H. , Cadenas‐Sanchez Cristina , Olvera‐Rojas Marcos , Ubago‐Guisado Esther , Labayen Idoia , Lucia Alejandro , Ortega Francisco B.
Published: August 2024

Background

We assessed the effects of a 20‐week combined (aerobic and resistance) exercise training programme on the inflammatory profile of prepubertal children with overweight or obesity.

Methods

Totally 109 participants (10.1 ± 1.1 years, 41% girls) were randomly allocated to an exercise or control group. Adiponectin, C‐reactive protein, epidermal growth factor, insulin‐like growth factor‐1, interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, leptin, tumour necrosis factor‐α and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) were analysed in plasma. Total white blood cell (WBC) count and immune subpopulations (eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes) were also determined.

Results

No intervention effect was found for any of the analysed biomarkers (all p ≥ 0.05). We observed a significant sex by intervention interaction for IL‐1β (p = 0.03). When stratifying the sample by sex, the exercise programme induced a significant effect on IL‐1β levels (mean Z‐score difference, 0.66 [95% confidence interval 0.32–1.01]) in girls, but not in boys. A lower number of girls in the exercise group showed a meaningful reduction in IL‐1β (i.e., ≥0.2 standard deviations) than in the control group (15% vs. 85%, p = 0.01).

Conclusions

This exercise programme failed to improve the inflammatory profile in prepubertal children with overweight/obesity. Future studies should explore the effect of longer exercise interventions and in combination with diet.
Efficacy of occlusal splint versus sleep hygiene and progressive muscle relaxation on perceived stress and sleep bruxism: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Tandon Ayushi , Singh Balendra Pratap , Shanker Rama , Agrawal Kaushal Kishor , Mahour Pooja , Tripathi SuryaKant
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The objective was the comparison of an occlusal device (OD), and sleep hygiene and progressive muscle relaxation (SH & PMR) on perceived stress and sleep bruxism activity (burst/episode and episode/hour) in participants with sleep bruxism.

Material and Methods

Sixty‐six participants with self‐reported sleep bruxism were selected and randomly allocated into two groups: OD group or SH & PMR group. Assessment of perceived stress and sleep bruxism activity were the primary outcomes. The Perceived Stress Scale‐10 (PSS‐10 scale) was used to measure perceived stress and bruxism episodes/hour and bursts/episode recorded by electromyography of masseter and temporalis. These outcomes were assessed at baseline, 1 month, 6 months, and 1 year. The paired t‐test assessed changes in PSS‐10 scores and sleep bruxism activity within the same group over different time points (baseline, 1 month, 6 months, and 1 year). The unpaired t‐test compared scores between two groups (OD and SH & PMR) at each time point to evaluate intervention differences. The chi‐square test compared gender distribution between both groups.

Results

PSS‐10 scores were found to decrease with the OD at 1 month and 6 months compared to baseline and SH & PMR at all subsequent follow‐ups. This decrease was not statistically significant (p > 0.05) between the OD and SH & PMR groups at all follow‐ups. OD and SH & PMR significantly reduced bruxism episodes/hour and bursts/episode at all follow‐ups (p < 0.05). There were no adverse effects related to any intervention.

Conclusions

The OD and SH & PMR both effectively reduced PSS‐10 scores over 6 months and significantly decreased bruxism episodes and bursts per episode. Both methods are safe and effective for managing sleep bruxism and reducing stress.
CIPK11 phosphorylates GSTU23 to promote cold tolerance in Camellia sinensis
Authors: Di Taimei , Wu Yedie , Feng Xia , He Mingming , Lei Lei , Wang Jie , Li Nana , Hao Xinyuan , Whelan James , Wang Xinchao , Wang Lu
Published: August 2024

Cold stress negatively impacts the growth, development, and quality of Camellia sinensis (Cs, tea) plants. CBL‐interacting protein kinases (CIPK) comprise a pivotal protein family involved in plant development and response to multiple environmental stimuli. However, their roles and regulatory mechanisms in tea plants (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) remain unknown. Here we show that CsCBL‐interacting protein kinase 11 (CsCIPK11), whose transcript abundance was significantly induced at low temperatures, interacts and phosphorylates tau class glutathione S‐transferase 23 (CsGSTU23). CsGSTU23 was also a cold‐inducible gene and has significantly higher transcript abundance in cold‐resistant accessions than in cold‐susceptible accessions. CsCIPK11 phosphorylated CsGSTU23 at Ser37, enhancing its stability and enzymatic activity. Overexpression of CsCIPK11 in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in enhanced cold tolerance under freezing conditions, while transient knockdown of CsCIPK11 expression in tea plants had the opposite effect, resulting in decreased cold tolerance and suppression of the C‐repeat‐binding transcription factor (CBF) transcriptional pathway under freezing stress. Furthermore, the transient overexpression of CsGSTU23 in tea plants increased cold tolerance. These findings demonstrate that CsCIPK11 plays a central role in the signaling pathway to cold signals and modulates antioxidant capacity by phosphorylating CsGSTU23, leading to improved cold tolerance in tea plants.
Autolougous platelet concentrates in esthetic medicine
Authors: Davies Catherine , Miron Richard J.
Published: August 2024

This narrative review summarizes current knowledge on the use of autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) in esthetic medicine, with the goal of providing clinicians with reliable information for clinical practice. APCs contain platelets that release various growth factors with potential applications in facial and dermatologic treatments. This review examines several facial esthetic applications of APCs, including acne scarring, skin rejuvenation, melasma, vitiligo, stretchmarks, peri‐orbital rejuvenation, peri‐oral rejuvenation, hair regeneration and the volumizing effects of APC gels. A systematic review of literature databases (PubMed/MEDLINE) was conducted up to October 2023 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the English language on APCs for facial rejuvenation and dermatology. A total of 96 articles were selected including those on platelet rich plasma (PRP), plasma‐rich in growth factors (PRGF), and platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF). Clinical recommendations gained from the reviews are provided. In summary, the use of APCs in facial esthetics is a promising yet relatively recent treatment approach. Overall, the majority of studies have focused on the use of PRP with positive outcomes. Only few studies have compared PRP versus PRF with all demonstrating superior outcomes using PRF. The existing studies have limitations including small sample sizes and lack of standardized assessment criteria. Future research should utilize well‐designed RCTs, incorporating appropriate controls, such as split‐face comparisons, and standardized protocols for APC usage, including optimal number of sessions, interval between sessions, and objective improvement scores. Nevertheless, the most recent formulations of platelet concentrates offer clinicians an ability to improve various clinical parameters and esthetic concerns.
Syntactic measurement of governance networks from textual data, with application to water management plans
Authors: Zufall Elise , Scott Tyler A.
Published: August 2024

This paper demonstrates an automated workflow for extracting network data from policy documents. We use natural language processing tools, part‐of‐speech tagging, and syntactic dependency parsing, to represent relationships between real‐world entities based on how they are described in text. Using a corpus of regional groundwater management plans, we demonstrate unique graph motifs created through parsing syntactic relationships and how document‐level syntax can be aggregated to develop large‐scale graphs. This approach complements and extends existing methods in public management and governance research by (1) expanding the feasible geographic and temporal scope of data collection and (2) allowing for customized representations of governance systems to fit different research applications, particularly by creating graphs with many different node and edge types. We conclude by reflecting on the challenges, limitations, and future directions of automated, text‐based methods for governance research.
La escritura científica: una revisión temática
Authors: Gordillo Alfonso Adriana
Published: August 2024

El propósito de ese artículo es presentar la exploración bibliográfica y el análisis documental de una serie de estudios e investigaciones en español, inglés y francés, cuyos objetos de estudio van desde la escritura en artículos científicos hasta el modo en que diversos aspectos lingüísticos, retóricos, institucionales e individuales pueden incidir en la producción científica. Las fuentes provienen de bases de datos y de consultas en bibliotecas que desplegaron trayectorias temáticas sobre el asunto en cuestión.
El principal interés es proporcionar al lector información que lo motive a realizar investigaciones sobre escritura científica, que permitan arrojar luces sobre los factores que inciden en la productividad científica del docente universitario en Colombia.
Thermal Property Estimation of Thin-Layered Structures by Means of Thermoreflectance Measurement and Network Identification by Deconvolution Algorithm
Authors: Higuma Daiki , Silveira João Vitor Thomsen , Kim Byunggi , Nomura Masahiro , Fushinobu Kazuyoshi
Published: August 2024

Laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) is a powerful tool for micro and nanoscale digital printing of metals for electronic packaging. In the metal LIFT process, the donor thin metal film is propelled to the receiving substrate and deposited on it. Morphology of the deposited metal varies with the thermodynamic responses of the donor thin film during and after the laser heating. Thus, the thermophysical properties of the multilayered donor sample are important to predict the LIFT process accurately. Here, we investigated thermophysical properties of a 100 nm-thick gold coated on 0.5 mm-thick sapphire and silicon substrates by means of the nanosecond time-domain thermoreflectance (ns-TDTR) analyzed by the network identification by deconvolution (NID) algorithm, which does not require numerical simulation or analytical solution. The NID algorithm enabled us to extract the thermal time constants of the sample from the nanosecond thermal decay of the sample surface. Furthermore, the cumulative and differential structure functions allowed us to investigate the heat flow path, giving the interfacial thermal resistance and the thermal conductivity of the substrate. After calibration of the NID algorithm using the thermal conductivity of the sapphire, the thermal conductivity of the silicon was determined to be 107–151 W/(m K), which is in good agreement with the widely accepted range of 110–148 W/(m K). Our study shows the feasibility of the structure function obtained from the single-shot TDTR experiments for thermal property estimation in laser processing and electronics packaging applications.
A Semi-Analytical Mathematical Model of Off-Center Multi-Stage Fractured Horizontal Well in Circle Bi-Zonal Gas Reservoir
Authors: Xu Youjie , Xiang Zuping , Mao Zhenglin
Published: August 2024

Reservoir permeability and stress heterogeneous distribution lead to different hydraulic fracture lengths and angles. Gas reservoirs' heterogeneous characteristics lead that well is not the center of the circle high-permeability regions after large-scale fracturing. Traditional pressure transient model cannot be used in this case. When a horizontal well length is relatively small, radial composite model can be used to simulate wellbore pressure. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to present a semi-analytical mathematical model of the off-center fractured horizontal well with a circle high-permeability region. The coupling approach of hydraulic fracture and matrix model is employed to solve mathematical model. The wellbore pressure transient solution can be obtained by the Laplace transform, Gauss elimination and the Stehfest numerical inversion. The results show that the wellbore pressure response curve of this model includes eleven flow regimes. When the well is not the center of the reservoir, an obvious derivative curve “upwards” will emerge after the inner radial flow regime, which is different from the previous fractured horizontal well model. Hydraulic fracture properties and geometries distribution have obvious influence on derivative curves characteristic of the early regime. Off-center distance and reservoir properties have distinct influences on derivative curves characteristic of the middle regime. This semi-analytical mathematical model can provide a guide on high-permeability region depiction, hydraulic fracture, and reservoir parameter inversion.
Control of Flow and Acoustic Fields Around an Axial Fan Utilizing Plasma Actuators
Authors: Yokoyama Hiroshi , Nagao Nobuaki , Tokai Kazuma , Nishikawara Masahito
Published: August 2024

Small axial fans, commonly employed for cooling electronic equipment, are frequently housed within narrow ducts, where intense tonal sound with duct resonance can occur, particularly when the blade passing frequency or its harmonic frequency aligns with the duct's resonance frequency. To mitigate resonant sound, this study proposes a flow control using dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuators, which induce a flow along the generation of plasma in air. The control effects on flow field, acoustic radiation, and aerodynamic characteristics are evaluated through direct aeroacoustic simulations and experiments conducted at different flow rates. The computational results reveal that swirling flow occurs in the inflow due to fan rotations at low flow coefficients. This swirling flow is weakened by utilizing plasma actuators, which are arranged to induce flows in the circumferentially reverse direction compared to fan rotations. This control method weakens the resonant sound at low and intermediate flow coefficients, while intensifying it at high flow coefficients, all at the same rotational speed. Moreover, the static pressure coefficient decreases and increases at low and high flow coefficients, respectively, with the latter attributed to an increase in the relative inflow angle induced by the control. Experimental findings demonstrate that the acoustic resonance was reduced by the control at both low and high flow rates, achieved by adjusting the rotational speed to maintain the same flowrate and static pressure rise as in the baseline case.
A FeCrAl-Al2O3 Composite Produced Via Laser Powder Bed Fusion of a Mixed Powder for Porous Catalyst Scaffolds
Authors: Son Kwangtae , Kao Hsin-Mei , McNeff Patrick , Yang Seongun , Ghanadi Nahal , Pasebani Somayeh , Chang Chi-hung , Paul Brian K.
Published: August 2024

This study proposes a novel approach for synthesizing and etching bicontinuous FeCrAl-Al2O3 composites as a means for replacing FeCrAl foams as catalyst scaffolds in biodriven alcohol reactors for jet-fuel production. Conventional FeCrAl foams suffer from poor availability and consequent high costs. New additive manufacturing techniques provide an opportunity to produce tailored foams at reasonable times and at acceptable costs. This research aimed to generate a porous FeCrAl structure by etching a bicontinuous FeCrAl-Al2O3 composite produced by laser powder bed fusion of amalgamated FeCrAl and Al2O3 powders. The composite powder for laser powder bed fusion is created by ball-milling FeCrAl and Al2O3 powders. This research focuses on achieving a bi-continuous FeCrAl-Al2O3 structure, essential for the selective removal of the ceramic phase. The influence of laser processing parameters on the microstructure was examined across a range of laser powers (60–120 W) and scan speeds (100–400 mm/s), showing that higher powers and speeds produce finer metal struts. A bi-continuous microstructure was consistently obtained, marking a key achievement. The Al2O3 removal process involved a two-step etching method using hydrochloric and phosphoric acids, tested across various etching times. The alumina phase was reduced from 36 vol% to 17 vol% (corresponding to an increase in porosity from 24 vol% to 43 vol%), showing the potential for use as a porous catalyst scaffold. This research demonstrates the potential for using additive manufacturing to produce porous FeCrAl structures capable of replacing hard-to-source FeCrAl foams.
Investigation of capacitance for InAs/GaAs quantum dot solar cells by photoreflectance
Authors: Zeinalvand Farzin Behnam , Kim Jong Su , Kim Geun Hyeong , Lee DongKun , Han Im Sik , Lee Sang Jun
Published: August 2024

The study provides experimental validation for the correlation between the photoreflectance signal’s time constant and the capacitances of various p-n junction quantum-dot solar cells. Photoreflectance spectra were measured on four structures with varying InAs/GaAs quantum dot layer thicknesses (1.7–3 monolayers), and time constants were extracted from the phase diagrams. A linear relationship was observed between these time constants and the cells’ capacitances. Analysis of the phase diagrams for different chopping frequencies revealed that this approach allows for the assessment of capacitances of a sample set through a single photoreflectance measurement. These findings underscore the potential of photoreflectance as a straightforward, contactless technique for comparing junction capacitance across samples. Furthermore, this work could enhance our understanding of photoreflectance in solar cell characterization and present a practical tool for evaluating capacitance in various optoelectronic devices, broadening the utility of nondestructive characterization techniques.
Tuning the mechanical properties of organophilic clay dispersions: Particle composition and preshear history effects
Authors: Burger Nikolaos A. , Loppinet Benoit , Clarke Andrew , Petekidis George
Published: August 2024

Clay minerals are abundant natural materials used widely in coatings, construction materials, ceramics, as well as being a component of drilling fluids. Here, we present the effect of steady and oscillatory preshear on organophilic modified clay gels in synthetic oil. Both platelet and needlelike particles are used as viscosifiers in drilling fluid formulations. For both particles, the plateau modulus exhibits a similar concentration dependence, GP∼c3.9, whereas the yield strain is γy∼c−1 for the platelets and γy∼c−1.7 for the needles. Mixtures of the two follow an intermediate behavior: at low concentrations, their elasticity and yield strain follows that of needle particles while at higher concentrations they exhibit a weaker power-law dependence. Furthermore, upon varying the preshear history, the gel viscoelastic properties can be significantly tuned. At lower (higher) clay concentrations, preshear at specific oscillatory strain amplitudes or steady shear rates may induce a hardening (softening) of the dispersions and, at all concentrations, a lowering of the shear strain. Hence, in needle dispersions preshear resulted in changes in the volume fraction dependence of the elastic modulus from GP∼c3.9 to GP∼c2.5 and of the yield strain fromγy∼c−1.7 to γy∼c−1. However, small angle x-ray scattering showed not much structural changes, within the q-range covered. Our findings indicate ways to design colloidal organoclay dispersions with a mechanical response that can be tuned at will.
Relationship Between Executive Function Subdomains and Postural Balance in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Martínez-Carrasco Claudia , Cid-Navarrete Fernanda , Rossel Pedro O. , Fuentes Jorge , Zamunér Antonio Roberto , Méndez-Rebolledo Guillermo , Cabrera-Aguilera Ignacio
Published: August 2024

Background: Executive function (EF) deficits are a significant risk factor for falls among older adults (OAs). However, relationship between EF subdomains (shifting, updating, and inhibition), postural balance (PB), and fall risk in healthy OAs, remains poorly understood. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between EF subdomains (shifting, updating, and inhibition) and PB, and to assess their impact on risk of falls in community-dwelling OAs. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 50 OAs aged over 60 years (average age of 72 years) was conducted. Participants underwent assessments of EF subdomains and PB using validated tests. A correlation analysis was employed to examine the relationships between EF and PB. Results: The study revealed significant correlations between subdomains and PB. Mental set shifting (r = −.539; p < .001) and inhibition (r = −.395; p = .050) exhibited inverse relationships with PB. Stepwise multiple linear regression showed that Trail Making Test Part B was associated with the PB (R2 = .42, p < .001). Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of assessing EF subdomains, particularly shifting and inhibition, to identify risk of falls. Trail Making Test Part B largely explains the variability of the PB. Integrating PB assessments and EF training, such as the Mini-BESTest, into routine care can be vital for fall prevention strategies. Significance/Implications: This knowledge underscores the need for cognitive training interventions focusing on shifting and inhibition to enhance PB and potentially reduce falls. Additionally, incorporation of EF assessment tools as Trail Making Test Part B and the Mini-BESTest into routine clinical practice for community-dwelling OAs is recommended to address fall prevention strategies.
Sleep Characteristics, Magnetic Resonance Imaging- and Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry-Based Morphological Parameters, Muscle Strength, and Risk of Falls in Sedentary Older Subjects
Authors: Borghi Stefano , La Torre Antonio , Messina Carmelo , Sconfienza Luca M. , Banfi Giuseppe , Vitale Jacopo A.
Published: August 2024

Background: The aims of this cross-sectional study were to (a) assess actigraphy-based sleep parameters (total sample and gender differences), (b) assess differences in morphological parameters and physical function between short- versus normal-sleepers and poor- versus good-sleepers, and (c) assess the possible correlations between sleep variables and morphological and physical function parameters in older subjects. Methods: This study enrolled 42 healthy older participants (60–80 years). Participants completed the following clinical evaluations: (1) whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to assess the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index; (2) magnetic resonance imaging acquisition to determine the cross-sectional muscle area of thigh muscles and intermuscular adipose tissue; (3) risk of fall assessment through the mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test; (4) strength assessment: (a) chair stand test and (b) handgrip strength test; (5) sleep monitoring by actigraphy to assess total sleep time, sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset, sleep latency, fragmentation index, mobile time, and subjective sleep quality. Results: 31.0% of subjects were short-sleepers (total sleep time < 6 hr), 19.1% were poor-sleepers (sleep efficiency < 85%), and gender differences were detected in mobile time (males: 15.8 ± 6.0 and females: 13.4 ± 6.8; p < .001) and fragmentation index (males: 35.3 ± 14.3 and females: 29.6 ± 14.6; p < .001); no significant differences were observed between groups (short- vs. normal-sleepers and poor- vs. good-sleepers) in morphological and physical function variables; correlation analysis showed that sleep latency negatively correlated with Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (r = −.352; p = .022) and a positive correlation was detected between cross-sectional muscle area and mobile time (r = .349, p = .023). Conclusion: No differences were observed in morphological and function parameters between good- versus poor-sleepers, those subjects with worse sleep onset latency (i.e., longer time to fall asleep) registered higher for risk of fall. The potential role of sleep in the physiological mechanisms of muscular aging must be explored through cross-sectional cohort studies with a larger population.
In the Mirror of the Past: A History of Women’s Football in the Republic of Turkey
Authors: Demir Yavuz , Tiryaki Salih
Published: August 2024

Football in Turkey has a framework that, by the discourses it generates in the social and cultural spheres, creates, and reinforces hegemonic masculinity. In Turkey, newspapers and magazines have produced discourses aimed at alienating women from football. Since the establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1923, very few news articles about women playing football have been published in the newspapers and magazines, and those that have been published work to distance women from football. However, from 1960 onward, news about women’s football slowly began to find its place more frequently in newspapers. In this study, we assess the history of women’s football in the Republic of Turkey, which has a 100-year history, considering developments that ensued from the past to the present. Newspapers and magazines were analyzed to offer an interpretation of the development of women’s football in Turkey, as these media serve as important sources to comprehend how women were distanced from a field perceived as a bastion of hegemonic masculinity, such as football, in traditional societies. Despite the number of news articles about women’s football in Turkish newspapers increasing over the years, we conclude that women’s football did not progress over the course of a century in Turkey and still remains very much in the background.
Mid-Pleistocene climate transition triggered by Antarctic Ice Sheet growth
Authors: An Zhisheng , Zhou Weijian , Zhang Zeke , Zhang Xu , Liu Zhonghui , Sun Youbin , Clemens Steven C. , Wu Lixin , Zhao Jiaju , Shi Zhengguo , Ma Xiaolin , Yan Hong , Li Gaojun , Cai Yanjun , Yu Jimin , Sun Yuchen , Li Siqi , Zhang Yu’ao , Stepanek Christian , Lohmann Gerrit , Dong Guocheng , Cheng Hai , Liu Yu , Jin Zhangdong , Li Tao , Hao Yifei , Lei Jing , Cai Wenju
Published: August 2024

Despite extensive investigation, the nature and causes of the Mid-Pleistocene Transition remain enigmatic. In this work, we assess its linkage to asynchronous development of bipolar ice sheets by synthesizing Pleistocene mid- to high-latitude proxy records linked to hemispheric ice sheet evolution. Our results indicate substantial growth of the Antarctic Ice Sheets (AISs) at 2.0 to 1.25 million years ago, preceding the rapid expansion of Northern Hemisphere Ice Sheets after ~1.25 million years ago. Proxy-model comparisons suggest that AIS and associated Southern Ocean sea ice expansion can induce northern high-latitude cooling and enhanced moisture transport to the Northern Hemisphere, thus triggering the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. The dynamic processes involved are crucial for assessing modern global warming that is already inducing asynchronous bipolar melting of ice sheets.
Lessons from ancient pathogens
Authors: Zuckerman Molly K. , Hofman Courtney A.
Published: August 2024

Ancient infectious diseases and microbes can be used to address contemporary disease