bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of the Direct Standard for Patient Event Notifications: A Qualitative Study Among Industry Leaders
Authors: Thurman Allison K. , Dixon Brian E. , Kibbe David C. , Pan Eric , Feldman Sue S.
Published: November 2023

Background Health care organizations seek to maximize efficiency and effectiveness when sending patient event notifications required by the U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Interoperability and Patient Access Final Rule.

Objectives To identify the barriers for senders (i.e., hospitals) and receivers (Department of Veterans Affairs [VA] and non-VA) of patient event notifications using the Direct Standard, the transport method standard that addresses Direct Messaging (DM).

Methods Questions were asked to better understand perceived barriers to sending and receiving event notifications as well as involvement with event notifications with VA. Open coding was used to identify themes in the transcribed interviews.

Results Analysis of the interviews (n = 17) showed workflow barriers, including identifying a patient's provider, the provider's Direct address, and whether a patient is an enrolled Veteran, were the most common barriers. Next were technical barriers, such as payload and electronic health record ingestion of event notifications. Less common barriers included content, policy/governance, cost, and organizational issues. The interviews also highlighted a promising pilot between VA and an aggregator.

Conclusion Overall, interviewees felt that event notifications are a benefit from a coordination of care perspective for patients and clinical care teams. Also, interviewees felt that DirectTrust's Implementation Guide for Event Notifications via the Direct Standard has helped guide (and perhaps the DirectTrust Directory could help guide) the industry in sending and more effectively receiving event notifications.
Evaluation of Respiratory Support Methods and Characteristics of Pneumothorax in Late Preterm and Term Newborns within the First 48 hours of Life
Authors: Aksır Yeter Yagmur , Ilhan Ozkan , Baska Gulumse Orucoglu , Hakan Nilay
Published: November 2023

This study aims to evaluate risk factors, respiratory support procedures, and characteristics of pneumothorax in late preterm and term newborns diagnosed with pneumothorax within the first 48 hours of life. The study included late preterm and term newborns diagnosed with pneumothorax within the first 48 hours of life. The neonates diagnosed with pneumothorax within the first 24 hours of life (Group 1) and those diagnosed between 24 and 48 hours (Group 2) were analyzed in terms of risk factors, respiratory support procedures, and characteristics of pneumothorax. Twenty newborns, 11 in Group 1 and 9 in Group 2, with a mean gestational age of 37.9 ± 1.2 weeks and birth weight of 3,133 ± 464 g, were included the study. The resuscitation rate in the delivery room was insignificantly higher in Group 1. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of respiratory support methods (mechanical ventilation [MV], noninvasive ventilation, oxygen) on admission and at the time of diagnosis. The rate of receiving MV during treatment was significantly higher in Group 2 (p = 0.014). Although duration of MV and chest drainage were significantly shorter in Group 1 (p = 0.026 and p = 0.026, respectively), when we considered only survivors (all three deceased newborns died within the first day of life), these durations were still shorter; however, the difference was no longer significant. Pneumothorax should be suspected in late preterm and term newborns with respiratory distress within the first 2 days of life, especially in the presence of risk factors.
BASE-STEP: A transportable antiproton reservoir for fundamental interaction studies
Authors: Smorra C. , Abbass F. , Schweitzer D. , Bohman M. , Devine J. D. , Dutheil Y. , Hobl A. , Arndt B. , Bauer B. B. , Devlin J. A. , Erlewein S. , Fleck M. , Jäger J. I. , Latacz B. M. , Micke P. , Schiffelholz M. , Umbrazunas G. , Wiesinger M. , Will C. , Wursten E. , Yildiz H. , Blaum K. , Matsuda Y. , Mooser A. , Ospelkaus C. , Quint W. , Soter A. , Walz J. , Yamazaki Y. , Ulmer S.
Published: November 2023

Currently, the world’s only source of low-energy antiprotons is the AD/ELENA facility located at CERN. To date, all precision measurements on single antiprotons have been conducted at this facility and provide stringent tests of fundamental interactions and their symmetries. However, magnetic field fluctuations from the facility operation limit the precision of upcoming measurements. To overcome this limitation, we have designed the transportable antiproton trap system BASE-STEP to relocate antiprotons to laboratories with a calm magnetic environment. We anticipate that the transportable antiproton trap will facilitate enhanced tests of charge, parity, and time-reversal invariance with antiprotons and provide new experimental possibilities of using transported antiprotons and other accelerator-produced exotic ions. We present here the technical design of the transportable trap system. This includes the transportable superconducting magnet, the cryogenic inlay consisting of the trap stack and detection systems, and the differential pumping section to suppress the residual gas flow into the cryogenic trap chamber.
An attention mechanism based deep nonlinear ensemble paradigm of strengthened feature extraction method for wind power prediction
Authors: Wang Jujie , Liu Yafen
Published: November 2023

The inherent uncertainty of wind power always hampers difficulties in the development of wind energy and the smooth operation of power systems. Therefore, reliable ultra-short-term wind power prediction is crucial for the development of wind energy. In this research, a two-stage nonlinear ensemble paradigm based on double-layer decomposition technology, feature reconstruction, intelligent optimization algorithm, and deep learning is suggested to increase the prediction accuracy of ultra-short-term wind power. First, using two different signal decomposition techniques for processing can further filter out noise in the original signal and fully capture different features within it. Second, the multiple components obtained through double decomposition are reconstructed using sample entropy theory and reassembled into several feature subsequences with similar complexity to simplify the input variables of the prediction model. Finally, based on the idea of a two-stage prediction strategy, the cuckoo search algorithm and the attention mechanism optimized long- and short-term memory model are applied to the prediction of feature subsequences and nonlinear integration, respectively, to obtain the final prediction results. Two sets of data from wind farms in Liaoning Province, China are used for simulation experiments. The final empirical findings indicate that, in comparison to other models, the suggested wind power prediction model has a greater prediction accuracy.
Variational principle to regularize machine-learned density functionals: The non-interacting kinetic-energy functional
Authors: Mazo-Sevillano Pablo del , Hermann Jan
Published: November 2023

Practical density functional theory (DFT) owes its success to the groundbreaking work of Kohn and Sham that introduced the exact calculation of the non-interacting kinetic energy of the electrons using an auxiliary mean-field system. However, the full power of DFT will not be unleashed until the exact relationship between the electron density and the non-interacting kinetic energy is found. Various attempts have been made to approximate this functional, similar to the exchange–correlation functional, with much less success due to the larger contribution of kinetic energy and its more non-local nature. In this work, we propose a new and efficient regularization method to train density functionals based on deep neural networks, with particular interest in the kinetic-energy functional. The method is tested on (effectively) one-dimensional systems, including the hydrogen chain, non-interacting electrons, and atoms of the first two periods, with excellent results. For atomic systems, the generalizability of the regularization method is demonstrated by training also an exchange–correlation functional, and the contrasting nature of the two functionals is discussed from a machine-learning perspective.
Experimental investigation and theoretical analysis of the breakdown time delay and jitter of multi-gap gas switch gaps
Authors: Wen Zhenming , Wang Zhiguo , Fan Siyuan , Jiang Xiaofeng , Jiang Hongyu , Qiu Aici
Published: November 2023

The gas gap of a multi-gap gas switch can be classified as trigger and self-breakdown gaps based on the breakdown condition. A two-gap gas switch consisting of a trigger gap and a self-breakdown gap is developed to independently study the breakdown characteristics of these two types of switch gaps. Trigger experiments for the switch are conducted under various trigger voltage rise rates and different working coefficients. The experimental results indicate that the trigger gap has significantly more jitter than the self-breakdown gap, and the overall performance of the gas switch is determined primarily by the trigger gap. A novel pre-ionization structure with disks is implemented into the two-gap gas switch, considerably decreasing the breakdown delay of the trigger gap and reducing the jitter to a quarter or even less compared to that without pre-ionization. A calculation model of the breakdown time delay for the trigger gap is provided based on the foundational development of the avalanche. The probability distribution of the time required for the initial electron generation is derived in the absence of pre-ionization. The calculated breakdown time delay agrees well with the experimental results in cases with and without pre-ionization under most trigger settings. The method and principle of calculating the breakdown time delay can analyze the collapse of a gas gap with different electrode configurations (quasi-uniform or uniform electrical fields) and various gas media under a nanosecond pulse voltage.
Experimental study on microwave-induced puffing, micro-explosion, and combustion characteristics of ammonium dinitramide-based liquid propellant droplets
Authors: Hou Yangyang , Yu Yusong , Li Yong , Liu Xuhui , Wang Xudong
Published: November 2023

Microwave ignition technology has the advantages of high ignition energy, stable ignition, and spatial multi-point ignition. These advantages make this technology promising for future application in green single-component propellants. In this paper, the ignition characteristics of ammonium dinitramide (ADN)-based liquid propellant droplets under the influence of microwaves at room temperature are investigated using experimental methods. The effects of microwave power on puffing, micro-explosion, and combustion behavior of ADN-based liquid propellant droplets were studied. The droplet and flame diameters were statistically related to time, and the microwave-assisted droplet ignition mechanism was analyzed. A new rectangular waveguide resonant cavity was designed in which the droplet is placed at the maximum electric field strength of the device. The droplet morphology and flame profile inside the resonant cavity were photographed with a high-speed camera. The experimental results showed that the microwave positively influenced the puffing, micro-explosion, and combustion behavior of droplets. When the microwave power was increased from 200 to 280 W, the total droplet evaporation time and ignition delay time were reduced by 56.5% and 35.2%, respectively. The positive effects of microwaves on combustion have been summarized as the thermal effect of microwaves on polar molecules and the promotion of fuel oxidation reactions by microwave-induced plasma. The plasma was found to control the development of the initial flame propagation front and to influence the temperature during the combustion reaction process. In this paper, we propose the mode of droplet combustion under microwave induction as a plasma discharge and several stages of the droplet combustion process. This research provides novel insight into the study of the microwave ignition mechanism of liquid fuels.
Pushing the heterometal doping limit while preserving long-lived charge separation in a Ti-based MOF photocatalyst
Authors: Long Conor L. , Zhang Xiaoyi , Lockard Jenny V.
Published: November 2023

This study explores the nature, dynamics, and reactivity of the photo-induced charge separated excited state in a Fe3+-doped titanium-based metal organic framework (MOF), xFeMIL125-NH2, as a function of iron concentration. The MOF is synthesized with doping levels x = 0.5, 1 and 2 Fe node sites per octameric Ti-oxo cluster and characterized by powder x-ray diffraction, UV-vis diffuse reflectance, atomic absorption, and steady state Fe K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy. For each doping level, time-resolved X-ray transient absorption spectroscopy studies confirm the electron trap site role of the Fe sites in the excited state. Time scan data reveal multiexponential decay kinetics for the charge recombination processes which extend into the microsecond range for all three concentrations. A series of dye photodegradation studies, based on the oxidative decomposition of Rhodamine B, demonstrates the reactivity of the charge separated excited state and the photocatalytic capacity of these MOF materials compared to traditional heterometal-doped semiconductor photocatalysts.
Effect of wingtip bending morphing on gust-induced aerodynamics based on fluid-structure interaction method
Authors: Zheng Yang , Dai Yuting , Yang Chao , Li Yongchang , Hu Yating
Published: November 2023

This paper investigates the effect of wingtip bending morphing on gust-induced aerodynamics based on the fluid–structure interaction (FSI) method at Re = 40 000. First, an explicit spatiotemporal numerical model for a wingtip bending morphing on a wing with a semi-aspect ratio of 4 is deduced, considering geometrical nonlinearity under large morphing amplitude. A modal-based FSI framework is developed to consider the elastic deformation, active wingtip morphing, and gust. The shear-stress transport-γ model is introduced. The above FSI method is validated by gust response experimental results. The mitigation effects of active bending morphing on gust-induced aerodynamics at different phase offset, gust ratios (GR), and flare angles are investigated. Under GR = 0.2 and flare angle = 0, wingtip bending morphing achieves the best mitigation effect when the phase offset is π/2. As GR increases to 0.4, the optimum phase offset shifts to π/3 and the alleviation rate decreases. The mitigation rate increases with the flare angle. Under GR = 0.4 and flare angle = 30°, the optimum phase offset is π/6, in which case the lift response is reduced by 37%, and wing root bending moment response is reduced by 73% relative to the baseline case. The flow field and vortex evolution result infers that the wingtip bending morphing decreases the spanwise width of the leading-edge vortex and reduces the area of low-pressure zones on the suction side, thereby mitigating gust-induced aerodynamics. The results indicate that active wingtip bending morphing has great potential for gust load alleviation for future aircraft.
Performance and plasma diagnostics of the Air-breathing Microwave Plasma CAThode (AMPCAT) coupled to a cylindrical Hall thruster
Authors: Tisaev Mansur , Karadag Burak , Masillo Silvia , Lucca Fabris Andrea
Published: November 2023

The Air-breathing Microwave Plasma CAThode (AMPCAT) has been developed for air-breathing electric propulsion in very-low Earth orbit. In this study, the standalone AMPCAT plasma characteristics are analyzed by means of several diagnostic tools and operation on xenon is compared to a conventional hollow cathode. A transition of AMPCAT extracted current from a lower (<0.1 A) to higher-current (>0.5 A) mode, triggered by increasing the negative cathode bias voltage, is accompanied by a significant rise in internal electron density and external electron temperature. The AMPCAT is coupled with a cylindrical Hall thruster in the 100–300 W power-level running on 0.5–0.7 mg/s of xenon, and the thrust is directly measured for cathode operation with both xenon and air. Stable thruster operation is demonstrated for the AMPCAT running on both propellants. For xenon, the performance is compared to a hollow cathode, which reveals matching discharge current profiles but a significantly higher thrust for the AMPCAT at low discharge voltages, approximately two times higher at 200 V. Langmuir probe measurements highlight a 30–40 V lower plasma potential in the cathode vicinity for the AMPCAT with xenon compared to both the hollow cathode and AMPCAT with air. This indicates a significantly improved coupling of cathode electrons to the thruster discharge, yielding an increased degree of ionization. Faraday probe and Wien filter results show that a larger current utilization efficiency drives the observed performance difference at low discharge voltages, rather than a significant change in ion acceleration or plume divergence.
Research on the sloshing characteristics of the ship tank with baffles under rolling motion based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics method
Authors: Zhao Ke , Yang Sheng-Fa , Yuan Pei-Yin
Published: November 2023

The problem of liquid sloshing is widespread in the field of naval architecture and ocean engineering. During the sloshing process, the liquid will produce a large slamming force on the bulkhead. At the same time, the coupled sloshing of the liquid in tank and the hull will also affect the floating state and stability of the hull, and even induce safety accidents. The tank sloshing simultaneous with baffles and under rolling excitation is particularly focused in this paper, which is rarely concerned preciously. Based on the theory of fluid dynamics, the program of tank sloshing under large-amplitude rolling conditions by the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method is compiled, and the accuracy of the numerical model is validated through existing experimental results. Furthermore, the slamming pressure and the wetted height of the tank wall are studied for the cases of different excitation amplitudes and excitation frequencies. Then, the dynamic response characteristics of the sloshing tank with vertical and horizontal baffles are studied, and the effects of different baffle lengths are analyzed. The result shows that under rolling excitation the vertical baffle longer than the water depth can mitigate sloshing to some extent, but the vertical baffle whose length is less than the water depth and the horizontal baffles cannot play a role in mitigating the sloshing.
A peptidomimetic modulator of the Ca
V
2.2 N-type calcium channel for chronic pain
Authors: Gomez Kimberly , Santiago Ulises , Nelson Tyler S. , Allen Heather N. , Calderon-Rivera Aida , Hestehave Sara , Rodríguez Palma Erick J. , Zhou Yuan , Duran Paz , Loya-Lopez Santiago , Zhu Elaine , Kumar Upasana , Shields Rory , Koseli Eda , McKiver Bryan , Giuvelis Denise , Zuo Wanhong , Inyang Kufreobong E. , Dorame Angie , Chefdeville Aude , Ran Dongzhi , Perez-Miller Samantha , Lu Yi , Liu Xia , Handoko  , Arora Paramjit S. , Patek Marcel , Moutal Aubin , Khanna May , Hu Huijuan , Laumet Geoffroy , King Tamara , Wang Jing , Damaj M. Imad , Korczeniewska Olga A. , Camacho Carlos J. , Khanna Rajesh
Published: November 2023

Transmembrane Ca
v
2.2 (N-type) voltage-gated calcium channels are genetically and pharmacologically validated, clinically relevant pain targets. Clinical block of Ca
v
2.2 (e.g., with Prialt/Ziconotide) or indirect modulation [e.g., with gabapentinoids such as Gabapentin (GBP)] mitigates chronic pain but is encumbered by side effects and abuse liability. The cytosolic auxiliary subunit collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) targets Ca
v
2.2 to the sensory neuron membrane and regulates their function via an intrinsically disordered motif. A CRMP2-derived peptide (CBD3) uncouples the Ca
v
2.2–CRMP2 interaction to inhibit calcium influx, transmitter release, and pain. We developed and applied a molecular dynamics approach to identify the

A
1
R
2

dipeptide in CBD3 as the anchoring Ca
v
2.2 motif and designed pharmacophore models to screen 27 million compounds on the open-access server ZincPharmer. Of 200 curated hits, 77 compounds were assessed using depolarization‐evoked calcium influx in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. Nine small molecules were tested electrophysiologically, while one (CBD3063) was also evaluated biochemically and behaviorally. CBD3063 uncoupled Ca
v
2.2 from CRMP2, reduced membrane Ca
v
2.2 expression and Ca
2+
currents, decreased neurotransmission, reduced fiber photometry-based calcium responses in response to mechanical stimulation, and reversed neuropathic and inflammatory pain across sexes in two different species without changes in sensory, sedative, depressive, and cognitive behaviors. CBD3063 is a selective, first-in-class, CRMP2-based peptidomimetic small molecule, which allosterically regulates Ca
v
2.2 to achieve analgesia and pain relief without negative side effect profiles. In summary, CBD3063 could potentially be a more effective alternative to GBP for pain relief.
SOS1 and KSR1 modulate MEK inhibitor responsiveness to target resistant cell populations based on PI3K and KRAS mutation status
Authors: Daley Brianna R. , Vieira Heidi M. , Rao Chaitra , Hughes Jacob M. , Beckley Zaria M. , Huisman Dianna H. , Chatterjee Deepan , Sealover Nancy E. , Cox Katherine , Askew James W. , Svoboda Robert A. , Fisher Kurt W. , Lewis Robert E. , Kortum Robert L.
Published: November 2023

KRAS is the most commonly mutated oncogene. Targeted therapies have been developed against mediators of key downstream signaling pathways, predominantly components of the RAF/MEK/ERK kinase cascade. Unfortunately, single-agent efficacy of these agents is limited both by intrinsic and acquired resistance. Survival of drug-tolerant persister cells within the heterogeneous tumor population and/or acquired mutations that reactivate receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)/RAS signaling can lead to outgrowth of tumor-initiating cells (TICs) and drive therapeutic resistance. Here, we show that targeting the key RTK/RAS pathway signaling intermediates SOS1 (Son of Sevenless 1) or KSR1 (Kinase Suppressor of RAS 1) both enhances the efficacy of, and prevents resistance to, the MEK inhibitor trametinib in
KRAS
-mutated lung (LUAD) and colorectal (COAD) adenocarcinoma cell lines depending on the specific mutational landscape. The SOS1 inhibitor BI-3406 enhanced the efficacy of trametinib and prevented trametinib resistance by targeting spheroid-initiating cells in

KRAS
G12/G13

-mutated LUAD and COAD cell lines that lacked
PIK3CA
comutations. Cell lines with

KRAS
Q61

and/or
PIK3CA
mutations were insensitive to trametinib and BI-3406 combination therapy. In contrast, deletion of the RAF/MEK/ERK scaffold protein
KSR1
prevented drug-induced SIC upregulation and restored trametinib sensitivity across all tested
KRAS
mutant cell lines in both
PIK3CA
-mutated and
PIK3CA
wild-type cancers. Our findings demonstrate that vertical inhibition of RTK/RAS signaling is an effective strategy to prevent therapeutic resistance in
KRAS
-mutated cancers, but therapeutic efficacy is dependent on both the specific KRAS mutant and underlying comutations. Thus, selection of optimal therapeutic combinations in
KRAS
-mutated cancers will require a detailed understanding of functional dependencies imposed by allele-specific KRAS mutations.
Green imperialism, sovereignty, and the quest for national development in the Congo
Authors: Radley Ben
Published: November 2023

This article deploys the term ‘green imperialism’ to denote the specificities of contemporary imperialism within the context of the hoped-for global transition towards low-carbon capitalist economies and societies in the coming decades. The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) provides a modern exemplar of green imperialist dynamics in action. Hegemonic powers are seeking to position the Congolese economy as an exporter of low-cost, low-carbon metals and an open market for the entry of renewable energy finance and technologies. To date, the political response to green imperialism in the DRC has reproduced a model of mining-led national development that historically has delivered little by way of material improvements for most of the population, thus undermining the prospects of prosperity in the country. Albeit this time around there is the possibility of expanded access for some to renewable forms of energy as a foreign-owned private commodity, with all the limitations and contradictions this new model of energy delivery entails.
The motion of a washer on a vertical steel rod
Authors: Xingxing Yao , Gongyu Liu , Hancheng Yang , Ting Xiao , Yuan Zheng
Published: November 2023

A washer on a vertical steel rod may start spinning instead of simply sliding down. The forces on the washer are analyzed, and the relationship between the angular velocity of rotation and the angular velocity of precession is obtained. A relationship about the coefficient of friction of the washer is obtained at the condition of rotation without slipping. The influence of the coefficient of friction and the ratio of the inner diameter of the washer to the diameter of the rod on the sliding state was investigated experimentally, and a two-dimensional phase diagram of the rotation without slipping was obtained. The relationship between the three parameters(the nutation angle of the washer, the angular velocity of precession, and the final vertical velocity) and the ratio of the inner diameter of the washer to the diameter of the rod in the condition of rotation without slipping was further investigated. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical equations.
A vision sensor for simultaneous imaging and distance sensing in real-time
Authors: Haan Keewoong , Chun Kukjin , Park Byung-Gook , Kim Hyeon Cheol , Kim Bonghwan
Published: November 2023

A vision sensor for simultaneous imaging and distance sensing is proposed herein. This vision sensor uses two images with a depth of field by two different aperture sizes to extract distance data. The aperture was fabricated through the microelectromechanical systems process. The optical parameter related to making a blur was precisely selected to reduce the active voltage and response time. The aperture measurement result showed that the maximum displacement of 1170 µm was obtained when 12 V was applied which enlarge aperture size from 2.75 mm to 3.92 mm. The response time was 16.6 ms with a rising and falling time of 6.2 and 10.4 ms, respectively. The distance data was obtained using the depth from defocus method, which compares the blurriness of two images using the aperture size. Through deep learning, the image and distance information were simultaneously obtained in a single camera. The result of a three-dimensional depth map showed an average accuracy of 98.7% when sensing the maximum distance of 10 m. To examine the accuracy of the device, experiments were conducted for different colors, and the result showed that maximum and minimum error rates of 3.46% and 1.83% were achieved, respectively. In addition, the error rate according to brightness was investigated, and the average error rate was maintained at 2.64% between 10 000 and 200 lx. The proposed sensor can be installed in self-driving robots, drones, and various smart devices.
Improving thermal conductivity of graphene films with assistance of melamine
Authors: Bi Ziyang , Huang Ruoyu , Lin Tong , Zhu Zhanbo , Zhao Kunlun , Guo Xing , Lin Mingyuan , Zhang Xue-ao , Zhang Yufeng
Published: November 2023

Due to the high degree of integration and high-power-density, excessive heat accumulation significantly endangers the performance of electronics. Therefore, developing high-performance thermal interface materials has become particularly vital for ensuring the regular operation of the electronics. Graphene-based materials attract great attention due to graphene’s intrinsic excellent thermal conductivity. However, the internal defects in graphene and the lack of interlayer heat conduction pathways between graphene microsheets dramatically reduce the thermal conductivity of graphene-based materials. Herein, melamine is used to improve the thermal properties of graphene films prepared by thermal reduction of graphene oxide (GO) microsheets. With an addition of 3 wt% of melamine, the in-plane and through-plane thermal conductivities of the graphene films with a thickness of 35 μm reach 1.32 × 103 and 5.09 W m−1 K−1, respectively. This is likely due to the covalent connection of graphene microsheets through amide structure formed by the chemical reaction between melamine and GOs, and the remedy of defects in graphene by nitrogen doping with the assistance of high-temperature annealing. The operation temperature of LED is greatly reduced, when the prepared graphene films is used as thermal interface material, compared to other commercial products. The results provide a promising way to improve the thermal properties of graphene films, which is of great significance for various applications, such as thermal management for high-power-density electronics.
Panning ideal In(Ga)As(P)/InGaP quantum dot structures for intermediate band solar cells
Authors: Weiner E C , Jakomin R , Kawabata R M S , Pinto L D , Archanjo B S , Pires M P , Souza P L
Published: November 2023

The In(Ga)As(P)/InGaP quantum dot (QD)system has been investigated for QD intermediate band solar cells. In order to obtain optical transition energies compatible with the ideal ones required for the device record performance, namely: 1.95 eV, 1.24 eV and 0.7 eV, first disordered InGaP with a bandgap of 1.91 eV as the barrier material has been obtained. Then InAs QDs nucleated at 490 °C, 1.32 MLs thick, covered by a 3–4 nm GaAs capping layer and In-flushed provided radiation emission in the energy interval between 1.15 eV and 1.35 eV, fully compatible with the ideal 1.24 eV. The 4 nm capped structures have been proven to exhibit a stronger PL emission at 1.24 eV. Nominal InAs QDs suffer a pronounced incorporation of Ga, a consequence of In/Ga intermixing at their capping layer and barrier interfaces. An As/P intermixing also takes place at the quantum dot—barrier interface. The encouraging results herald further improvement of QD intermediate band solar cell’s performance.
Valley filters using graphene blister defects from first principles
Authors: Uemoto Mitsuharu , Nishiura Masaki , Ono Tomoya
Published: November 2023

Valleytronics, which makes use of the two valleys in graphenes, attracts considerable attention and a valley filter is expected to be the central component in valleytronics. We propose the application of the graphene valley filter using blister defects to the investigation of the valley-dependent transport properties of the Stone–Wales and blister defects of graphenes by density functional theory calculations. It is found that the intervalley transition from the K valley to the

K

′

valleys is completely suppressed in some defects. Using a large bipartite honeycomb cell (BHC) including several carbon atoms in a cell and replacing atomic orbitals with molecular orbitals in the tight-binding model, we demonstrate analytically and numerically that the symmetry between the A and B sites of the BHC contributes to the suppression of the intervalley transition. In addition, the universal rule for the atomic structures of the blisters suppressing the intervalley transition is derived. Furthermore, by introducing additional carbon atoms to graphenes to form blister defects, we can split the energies of the states at which resonant scattering occurs on the

K

and

K

′

channel electrons. Because of this split, the fully valley-polarized current will be achieved by the local application of a gate voltage.
Temperature dependent structural properties of Mn1.90M0.10O3 (M = Cr and Fe)
Authors: Chandra Mohit , Yadav Satish , Rawat Rajeev , Choudhary R J , Sinha A K , Sagdeo A , Singh M N , Singh Kiran
Published: November 2023

The polycrystalline samples of Mn1.90Cr0.10O3 (MCO) and Mn1.90Fe0.10O3 (MFO) have been investigated for their temperature dependent magnetic and structural properties. The Cr and Fe substitutions have significant effect on the magnetic and structural properties of Mn2O3. Like pristine Mn2O3, the Cr and Fe substituted samples MCO and MFO also exhibit two antiferromagnetic transitions; one at ∼77 K, ∼80 K, respectively and another at ∼40 K. Our room temperature synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction (SXRD) results confirm that both the MCO and MFO samples crystallize in cubic symmetry. The temperature dependent SXRD results demonstrate the cubic to orthorhombic structural transition for the studied samples. The pristine Mn2O3 shows cubic to orthorhombic transition around 310 K, whereas this structural transition shifted towards lower temperature side with these substitutions i.e. around 240 K for MCO and 260 K for MFO. Interestingly, the centrosymmetric Pcab to non-centrosymmetric Pca21
change in symmetry is also resolved at the ferroelectric ordering temperature for MCO.
Evaluation of uncertainties in pressure fluctuations measurement on low-head Francis turbine model during part-load operation
Authors: Jhankal Nitin Kumar , Kumar Arun
Published: November 2023

The Francis turbines are often operated at the part load (PL) conditions to meet the electricity demand while maintaining system stability. During PL operations, the turbine experiences flow instabilities and vortex formation in the draft tube, leading to potential damage to the turbine. This experimental study focused on measuring pressure fluctuations in a model low-head Francis turbine at PL operation, i.e. 70% of rated load condition. Eight pressure sensors were installed at various locations to measure the pressure fluctuations. In-situ calibrations were performed for various measuring instruments used in testing, such as flow meters, pressure transducers, torque transducers, and speed sensors. The uncertainty evaluation for hydraulic turbine efficiency and pressure fluctuations in the draft tube cone was carried out at the PL operations. Quantifying the uncertainty for both Type A and Type B was conducted. The maximum estimated uncertainty for measuring hydraulic turbine model efficiency is ±0.272% and for pressure fluctuations during PL operation is ±1.358%.
New insight into the nano-fluid flow in a channel with tempered fractional operators
Authors: Fenwick Jack , Liu Fawang , Feng Libo
Published: November 2023

While studying time fractional fluid flow problems it is typical to consider the Caputo derivative, however, these models have limitations including a singular kernel and an infinite waiting time from a random walk perspective. To help remedy this problem, this paper considers a tempered Caputo derivative, giving the system a finite waiting time. Initially, a fast approximation to a generalised tempered diffusion problem is developed using a sum of exponential approximation. The scheme is then proven to be unconditionally stable and convergent. The convergence properties are also tested on a sample solution. The fast scheme is then applied to a system of coupled tempered equations which describes the concentration, temperature and velocity of a nanofluid under the Boussinesq approximation. The most notable finding is that increasing both the fractional and tempering parameters reduces the heat transfer ability of the nanofluid system.
Effects of cathode loadings and anode protection on the performance of lithium metal batteries
Authors: Carballo Kevin Velasquez , Wang Xin , Benamara Mourad , Meng Xiangbo
Published: November 2023

While lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are approaching their energy limits, lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are undergoing intensive investigation for higher energy density. Coupling LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) cathode with lithium (Li) metal anode, the resultant Li||NMC811 LMBs are among the most promising technologies for future transportation electrification, which have the potential to realize an energy density two times higher than that of state-of-the-art LIBs. To maximize their energy density, the Li||NMC811 LMBs are preferred to have their cathode loading as high as possible while their Li anode as thin as possible. To this end, we investigated the effects of different cathode active material loadings (2–14 mg cm−2) on the performance of the Li||NMC811 LMBs. Our study revealed that the cathode loadings have remarkably affected the cell performance, in terms of capacity retention and sustainable capacity. Cells with high cathode loadings are more liable to fade in capacity, due to more severe formation of the CEI and more sluggish ion transport. In this study, we also verified that the protection of the Li anode is significant for achieving better cell performance. In this regard, our newly developed Li-containing glycerol (LiGL) via molecular layer deposition (MLD) is promising to help boost the cell performance, which was controllably deposited on the Li anode.
Sharp bounds on enstrophy growth for viscous scalar conservation laws
Authors: Albritton Dallas , De Nitti Nicola
Published: November 2023

We prove sharp bounds on the enstrophy growth in viscous scalar conservation laws. The upper bound is, up to a prefactor, the enstrophy created by the steepest viscous shock admissible by the

L
∞

and total variation bounds and viscosity. This answers a conjecture by Ayala and Protas (2011 Physica D 240 1553–63), based on numerical evidence, for the viscous Burgers equation.
Semi-supervised contrast learning-based segmentation of choroidal vessel in optical coherence tomography images
Authors: Liu Xiaoming , Pan Jingling , Zhang Ying , Li Xiao , Tang Jinshan
Published: November 2023

Objective. Choroidal vessels account for 85% of all blood vessels in the eye, and the accurate segmentation of choroidal vessels from optical coherence tomography (OCT) images provides important support for the quantitative analysis of choroid-related diseases and the development of treatment plans. Although deep learning-based methods have great potential for segmentation, these methods rely on large amounts of well-labeled data, and the data collection process is both time-consuming and laborious. Approach. In this paper, we propose a novel asymmetric semi-supervised segmentation framework called SSCR, based on a student-teacher model, to segment choroidal vessels in OCT images. The proposed framework enhances the segmentation results with uncertainty-aware self-integration and transformation consistency techniques. Meanwhile, we designed an asymmetric encoder–decoder network called Pyramid Pooling SegFormer (APP-SFR) for choroidal vascular segmentation. The network combines local attention and global attention information to improve the model’s ability to learn complex vascular features. Additionally, we proposed a boundary repair module that enhances boundary confidence by utilizing a repair head to re-predict selected fuzzy points and further refines the segmentation boundary. Main results. We conducted extensive experiments on three different datasets: the ChorVessel dataset with 400 OCT images, the Meibomian Glands (MG) dataset with 400 images, and the U2OS Cell Nucleus Dataset with 200 images. The proposed method achieved an average Dice score of 74.23% on the ChorVessel dataset, which is 2.95% higher than the fully supervised network (U-Net) and outperformed other comparison methods. In both the MG dataset and the U2OS cell nucleus dataset, our proposed SSCR method achieved average Dice scores of 80.10% and 87.26%, respectively. Significance. The experimental results show that our proposed methods achieve better segmentation accuracy than other state-of-the-art methods. The method is designed to help clinicians make rapid diagnoses of ophthalmic diseases and has potential for clinical application.
Feature selection based on unsupervised clustering evaluation for predicting neoadjuvant chemoradiation response for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer
Authors: Chen Hao , Li Xing , Pan Xiaoying , Qiang Yongqian , Qi X Sharon
Published: November 2023

Accurate response prediction allows for personalized cancer treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) with neoadjuvant chemoradiation. In this work, we designed a convolutional neural network (CNN) feature extractor with switchable 3D and 2D convolutional kernels to extract deep learning features for response prediction. Compared with radiomics features, convolutional kernels may adaptively extract local or global image features from multi-modal MR sequences without the need of feature predefinition. We then developed an unsupervised clustering based evaluation method to improve the feature selection operation in the feature space formed by the combination of CNN features and radiomics features. While normal process of feature selection generally includes the operations of classifier training and classification execution, the process needs to be repeated many times after new feature combinations were found to evaluate the model performance, which incurs a significant time cost. To address this issue, we proposed a cost effective process to use a constructed unsupervised clustering analysis indicator to replace the classifier training process by indirectly evaluating the quality of new found feature combinations in feature selection process. We evaluated the proposed method using 43 LARC patients underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiation. Our prediction model achieved accuracy, area-under-curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity of 0.852, 0.871, 0.868, and 0.735 respectively. Compared with traditional radiomics methods, the prediction models (AUC = 0.846) based on deep learning-based feature sets are significantly better than traditional radiomics methods (AUC = 0.714). The experiments also showed following findings: (1) the features with higher predictive power are mainly from high-order abstract features extracted by CNN on ADC images and T2 images; (2) both ADC_Radiomics and ADC_CNN features are more advantageous for predicting treatment responses than the radiomics and CNN features extracted from T2 images; (3) 3D CNN features are more effective than 2D CNN features in the treatment response prediction. The proposed unsupervised clustering indicator is feasible with low computational cost, which facilitates the discovery of valuable solutions by highlighting the correlation and complementarity between different types of features.
Theoretical cross sections for electron collisions relevant for ammonia discharges part 1: NH3, NH2, and NH
Authors: Snoeckx Ramses , Tennyson Jonathan , Cha Min Suk
Published: November 2023

Besides being the worlds’ most important fertilizer precursor, ammonia could play an important role as hydrogen carrier in a decarbonized future. The efficient production and decomposition (or cracking) of ammonia are essential to this end. An electricity-driven technology of interest for both these processes are non-thermal plasmas. Plasma processes have the advantage of activating—even inert—molecules and initiating chemical reactions through electron collisions, rather than through conventional heating. However, a complete set of low-energy cross section data is not available for the electron collisions with ammonia (NH3) and its radicals, amidogen (NH2) and imidogen (NH). Here, we used the ab initio R-matrix method to determine theoretical cross sections for the low-energy electron collision processes with NH3, NH2, and NH. Additionally, we explored the contribution of the different processes towards dissociation (especially from electronic excited states). Where possible, we compared our theoretical cross section data with experimental data and/or previous recommendations. Lastly, our own recommended cross section data for the electron collisions are presented. Use of this complete set of electron collision data should contribute to a more accurate description of and better insights into the plasma-chemical kinetics behind plasma-assisted ammonia production and decomposition processes.
Evolutions of streamer dynamics and discharge instabilities under repetitive pulses in humid air
Authors: Zhao Zheng , Gao Qiuyu , Zheng Xinlei , Zhang Haowei , Zheng Haotian , Sun Anbang , Li Jiangtao
Published: November 2023

The presence of water molecules in air introduces complexities to residual charge transports and energy relaxations that may provoke streamer discharge instabilities under repetitive pulses. Evolutions of pulse-periodic positive streamer dynamics were investigated in humid air. Pulse-sequence and temporally resolved diagnostics were implemented to capture discharge evolutions. The streamer development and evolutions of charged species in humid air are qualitatively analyzed based on a 2D–0D combined simulation. Evolution features of streamer behaviors in humid air include the faster filamentation of the primary streamer, pronounced propagation selectivity to previous secondary streamers, more branches of both primary and secondary streamers, and accelerated secondary streamer into stagnation. The repetitively pulsed breakdown is proceeded by the progressive axial prolongation of secondary streamers with bright heads and faint tails. Nonintuitively, the withstanding capability does not illustrate dramatic differences in dry air and humid air especially at high pulse repetition frequency. High-density residing hydrated ions with high electron bound energies (impeding streamer propagation) and the enhanced thermal release to cause higher reduced electric field (facilitating streamer propagation) may contrarily affect evolutions and discharge instability developments of positive streamer in humid air.
Thermally active programmable metamaterials with holey tilted struts
Authors: Fu Z , Zhu Z , Deng Z
Published: November 2023

Bistable transition is often applied in the design of microstructures in metamaterials. In this study, we introduce a series of strategically placed holes in the tilted struts, and observe, through numerical and experimental analysis, an effect of the perforation on the snap-through buckling behavior of the structure. By infilling the holes with thermal-sensitive polymer bars, we realize actively tuning the local stiffness of the holey struts, thereby enabling a means to switch the metamaterial between bistable and monostable states. Furthermore, we propose a multi-stable metamaterial by stacking bistable units with different arrange of infilled and empty holes. The designed metamaterial demonstrates a progressive restoration from the deformed shape to its original shape as the environment temperature reaches up to certain values. These findings highlight the potential of holey-type bistable metamaterials in the design of actuators, deployable structures, and reusable energy absorbers.