bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sources, sinks, and cycling of dissolved organic copper binding ligands in the ocean
Authors: Ruacho Angel , Richon Camille , Whitby Hannah , Bundy Randelle M.
Published: November 2022

Organic Cu-binding ligands have a fundamental influence on Cu distributions in the global ocean and they complex >99% of the dissolved Cu in seawater. Cu-binding ligands however, represent a large diversity of compounds with distinct sources, sinks and chemical properties. This heterogeneity makes the organic Cu-binding ligand pool difficult to study at the global scale. In this review, we provide an overview of the diversity of compounds that compose the marine Cu-ligand pool, and their dominant sources and sinks. We also summarize the most common analytical methods to measure ligands in marine water column samples. Generally, ligands are classified according to their conditional binding strength to Cu. However, the lack of a common definition for Cu ligand categories has previously complicated data intercomparison. To address this, we provide a general classification for Cu-binding ligands according to their binding strength and discuss emerging patterns in organic Cu-binding ligand distributions in the ocean according to this classification. To date, there is no global biogeochemical model that explicitly represents Cu ligands. We provide estimates of organic Cu-binding ligand fluxes at key interfaces as first order estimates and a first step for future modeling efforts focused on Cu and Cu-binding ligands.
Facile room temperature synthesis of a NiFe2O4-based magnetic covalent organic framework for the extraction of tetracycline residues in environmental water samples prior to HPLC
Authors: Liao Wanliang , Xu Yang , Li Dingyun , Ye Yixing , Ning Yuhan , Wang Weiping , Wang Ai-jun
Published: November 2022

NiFe2O4@TAPB-TPA-based MSPE coupled with HPLC for the effective extraction and sensitive determination of TCs.
Silver nanoparticle-modified electrodes for the electrochemical detection of neonicotinoid pesticide: clothianidin
Authors: Kumaravel A.
Published: November 2022

For the first time, stable silver nanoparticles with a diameter less than 20 nm were prepared using SDS as a reducing and stabilizing agent and characterized, and then used to construct modified electrodes.
Unveiling the structural transformations of the PW11Co@ZIF-67 nanocomposite induced by thermal treatment
Authors: Abdelkader-Fernández Víctor K. , Fernandes Diana M. , Balula Salete S. , Cunha-Silva Luís , Pérez-Mendoza Manuel J. , Freire Cristina
Published: November 2022

A new guest@host nanocomposite was prepared by encapsulating PW11Co in ZIF-67 cages. This material served as a precursor of diverse nanostructured derivatives with interesting thermally induced compositional/structural/electrochemical modifications.
Ampere-level CO2reduction to multicarbon products over a copper gas penetration electrode
Authors: Zhu Chang , Song Yanfang , Dong Xiao , Li Guihua , Chen Aohui , Chen Wei , Wu Gangfeng , Li Shoujie , Wei Wei , Sun Yuhan
Published: November 2022

A hierarchical micro/nanostructured Cu(100)-rich copper hollow fiber as a gas penetration electrode (GPE) efficiently reduces CO2to C2+products.
An experimental and modeling study on the penetration of spilled oil into thawing frozen soil
Authors: Qu Zhaonian , An Chunjiang , Mei Zhu , Yue Rengyu , Zhao Shan , Feng Qi , Cai Mengfan , Wen Jiyuan
Published: November 2022

This study reveals the features of oil penetration behavior and distribution patterns in thawing frozen soil under different conditions, which can help develop rapid response measures in cold regions.
Palladium-catalyzed [4 + 3] annulation of 2-bromobiphenyls and epoxides for the assembly of dihydrodibenzo[b,d]oxepines
Authors: Shen Zipei , Zhou Lan , Wu Chenggui , Zhou Qianghui , Cheng Hong-Gang
Published: November 2022

A palladium-catalyzed [4 + 3] annulation of 2-bromobiphenyls and epoxides for the construction of dihydrodibenzo[b,d]oxepines is reported.
Switchable C2/C3 positional selectivity of thioisatins in a three-component domino reaction: combined computational and experimental studies
Authors: Liu Baolin , Deng Qingsong , Zhang Lei , Yu Aimin , Meng Xiangtai
Published: November 2022

Switchable C2/C3 positional selectivity of thioisatins in a three-component domino reaction was studied by DFT calculations and experiments.
RuO2 nanoparticle-decorated TiO2 nanobelt array as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction at all pH values
Authors: Ouyang Ling , He Xun , Sun Yuting , Zhang Longcheng , Zhao Donglin , Sun Shengjun , Luo Yongsong , Zheng Dongdong , Asiri Abdullah M. , Liu Qian , Zhao Jingxiang , Sun Xuping
Published: November 2022

RuO2 nanoparticles decorated TiO2 nanobelt on titanium plate is active for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution, requiring overpotentials of 130, 143, and 380 mV to drive 100 mA cm−2 in 0.5 M H2SO4, 1.0 M KOH, and 1.0 M PBS solution, respectively.
Copper sulfide nanoribbon growth triggered by carbon nanotube aggregation via dialysis
Authors: Tanaka Tomomi , Kurihara Misaki , Kuwahara Makoto , Kuwahara Shota
Published: November 2022

The growth of copper sulfide (CuxS) nanoribbons, a class of CuxS nanomaterials, was achieved by the aggregation of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) via a dialysis process.
Buffering the local pH via single-atomic Mn–N auxiliary sites to boost CO2 electroreduction
Authors: Yang Yan , Tang Tang , Lyu Zhen-Hua , Zheng Li-Rong , Zhang Qing-Hua , Fu Jiaju , Hu Jin-Song
Published: November 2022

An effective strategy is developed to regulate the local microenvironment of single atomic Ni–N–C sites for accelerating CO2 to CO conversion. The Ni/Mn–N–C catalysts shows a CO faradaic efficiency of 96.6% due to the accelerated reaction kinetics.
Capture of activated dioxygen intermediates at the copper-active site of a lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase
Authors: Schröder Gabriela C. , O'Dell William B. , Webb Simon P. , Agarwal Pratul K. , Meilleur Flora
Published: November 2022

Superoxo and hydroperoxo intermediates were cryotrapped at the copper active site of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase using neutron protein crystallography.
Effect of variations in manufacturing and material properties on the self-folding behaviors of hydrogel and elastomer bilayer structures
Authors: Zhao Jiayu , Kazemi Hesaneh , Kim H. Alicia , Bae Jinhye
Published: November 2022

Thermal expansion model is adopted to predict the folding angles of the temperature-responsive nanocomposite hydrogel/elastomer bilayer structures to study the effect ofinevitable variations in manufacturing and material properties on folding angles.
Visualization of sub-nanometer scale multi-orientational ordering in thin films of polymer/non-fullerene acceptor blends
Authors: Bothra Urvashi , Hui Pramiti , Tan Wen Liang , Gann Eliot , Venugopal Hariprasad , Subramaniam Chandramouli , Liu Amelia C. Y. , McNeill Christopher R. , Kabra Dinesh
Published: November 2022

A range of advanced imaging techniques are employed to study the micron- and nano-scale morphology of a polymer/non-fullerene acceptor blend. Cryo-electron microscopy in particular reveals nanoscale variations in molecular orientation and order.
Quasi-Cu-MOFs: highly improved water stability and electrocatalytic activity toward H2O2 reduction among pristine 3D MOFs
Authors: Sun Duanping , Chen Linxi , Zeng Lizhu , Shi Xianhua , Lu Jing
Published: November 2022

QHKUST-1 calcined at 250 °C for 1 h maintains the perfect octahedral morphology of HKUST-1 and exhibits superior moisture stability and enhanced electrocatalytic activity compared to the original water-sensitive HKUST-1.
Triboelectric nanogenerator self-heating floor – possibility to achieve intelligence in the architecture
Authors: Lian Mengying , Sun Jiaxin , Jiang Dawei , Sun Qi , El-Bahy Zeinhom M. , Abo-Dief Hala M. , Salem Mohamed A. , Ali Hazim M. , Xu Qiang , Guo Zhanhu
Published: November 2022

In this paper, the electrical output performance of FEP as the negative friction electrode and Kapton as the positive friction electrode at different thicknesses was investigated. This TENG-floor as a self-supplied energy material can realize the energy supply of smart homes.
Origin of photovoltaic losses in selenium solar cells with open-circuit voltages approaching 1 V
Authors: Nielsen Rasmus , Youngman Tomas H. , Moustafa Hadeel , Levcenco Sergiu , Hempel Hannes , Crovetto Andrea , Olsen Thomas , Hansen Ole , Chorkendorff Ib , Unold Thomas , Vesborg Peter C. K.
Published: November 2022

The optoelectronic properties of the world's oldest photovoltaic material, selenium, are revisited using modern characterization techniques in state-of-the-art selenium solar cells with record open-circuit voltages.
Triangular gold nanoplates/two-dimensional nano mica platelets with a 3D lightning-rod effect as flexible nanohybrid substrates for SERS bacterial detection
Authors: Chen Yan-Feng , Chang Wen-Ru , Lee Chia-Jung , Chiu Chih-Wei
Published: November 2022

Triangular gold nanoplates (TAuNPs) were prepared by a one-step rapid growth method and then reduced and stabilized on two-dimensional nano mica nanoplatelets (NMPs).
Recent progress in Ce3+/Eu2+-activated LEDs and persistent phosphors: focusing on the local structure and the electronic structure
Authors: Wang Shuxin , Song Zhen , Liu Quanlin
Published: November 2022

The theoretical and experimental progress in the Ce3+/Eu2+ activated LEDs and persistent phosphors is reviewed. We expound an overall vision on composition–structure–property correlations and the development routines of some typical phosphors.
Recent major advances and challenges in the emerging graphene-based nanomaterials in electrocatalytic fuel cell technology
Authors: Tareen Ayesha Khan , Khan Karim , Iqbal Muhammad , Zhang Ye , Xie Zhongjian , Mahmood Asif , Mahmood Nasir , Long Jianyu , Li Chuan , Zhang Han
Published: November 2022

Graphene and its derivatives with unique chemical and physical features have motivated great efforts and achieved substantial advances in fuel cell applications for renewable energy production.
Blue heteroleptic iridium(iii) complexes for OLEDs: simultaneous optimization of color purity and efficiency
Authors: Lan Ying , Liu Di , Li Jiuyan , Mei Yongqiang , Tian Houru
Published: November 2022

The synergistic regulation of cyclometalating ligands and ancillary ligand optimized both the blue color purity and high efficiencies of iridium complexes. A high EQE of 28.0% with CIE (0.16, 0.21) was achieved in a blue phosphorescent OLED.
Benzonitrile-functionalized non-fullerene acceptors for organic solar cells with low non-radiative loss
Authors: Sun Cheng-Zhe , Lai Xue , Rehman Tahir , Lai Hanjian , Ke Chunxian , Shen Xiangyu , Zhu Yulin , Tian Leilei , He Feng
Published: November 2022

Three non-fullerene acceptors with benzonitrile groups were synthesized, which could reduce the non-radiative recombination energy loss and enhance the efficiency in organic solar devices.
Application of neural network in metal adsorption using biomaterials (BMs): a review
Authors: Nighojkar Amrita , Zimmermann Karl , Ateia Mohamed , Barbeau Benoit , Mohseni Madjid , Krishnamurthy Satheesh , Dixit Fuhar , Kandasubramanian Balasubramanian
Published: November 2022

ANN models for predicting wastewater treatment efficacy of biomaterial adsorbents.
Perovskite device efficiency is a poor predictor for the number of citations a paper will get
Authors: Maqsood Ayman , Jacobsson T. Jesper
Published: November 2022

Beeswarm plot for over 7000 papers with original perovskite solar cell data, where the area of the circles corresponds to the number of citations the papers had obtained by 2022-03-26 and the colour reflects the top device efficiency in each paper.
ST‐SIGMA: Spatio‐temporal semantics and interaction graph aggregation for multi‐agent perception and trajectory forecasting
Authors: Fang Yang , Luo Bei , Zhao Ting , He Dong , Jiang Bingbing , Liu Qilie
Published: November 2022

Scene perception and trajectory forecasting are two fundamental challenges that are crucial to a safe and reliable autonomous driving (AD) system. However, most proposed methods aim at addressing one of the two challenges mentioned above with a single model. To tackle this dilemma, this paper proposes spatio‐temporal semantics and interaction graph aggregation for multi‐agent perception and trajectory forecasting (ST‐SIGMA), an efficient end‐to‐end method to jointly and accurately perceive the AD environment and forecast the trajectories of the surrounding traffic agents within a unified framework. ST‐SIGMA adopts a trident encoder–decoder architecture to learn scene semantics and agent interaction information on bird’s‐eye view (BEV) maps simultaneously. Specifically, an iterative aggregation network is first employed as the scene semantic encoder (SSE) to learn diverse scene information. To preserve dynamic interactions of traffic agents, ST‐SIGMA further exploits a spatio‐temporal graph network as the graph interaction encoder. Meanwhile, a simple yet efficient feature fusion method to fuse semantic and interaction features into a unified feature space as the input to a novel hierarchical aggregation decoder for downstream prediction tasks is designed. Extensive experiments on the nuScenes data set have demonstrated that the proposed ST‐SIGMA achieves significant improvements compared to the state‐of‐the‐art (SOTA) methods in terms of scene perception and trajectory forecasting, respectively. Therefore, the proposed approach outperforms SOTA in terms of model generalisation and robustness and is therefore more feasible for deployment in real‐world AD scenarios.
Robust transmission design for artificial noise aided multiuser broadcast system in inaccurate channel state information scenario with users of different importance
Authors: Yao Li , Liu Youjiang , Zhang Jian , He Yudong
Published: November 2022

In this article, robust beamforming (BF) and artificial noise (AN) design method is proposed for multiuser broadcast secure transmission under secrecy outage probability (SOP) constraints. A special scenario is assumed that the transmitter cannot obtain the accurate channel state information (CSI) of the users' channel, and different users have different priorities and importance. This special scenario makes traditional BF algorithms and AN design methods unable to guarantee the effective and secure transmission of information. To deal with intractable non‐convex problems in this new design, a series of optimization methods like Bernstein‐type inequality (BTI) and S‐Procedure are employed to transform these problems into solvable functions. Moreover, a search algorithm is explored for simplifying the computational complexity of the optimization algorithm. After that, the new robust algorithm is compared with former methods in inaccurate CSI scenarios by numerical simulation, which shows the advantages of our algorithm.
A screen‐shooting resilient document image watermarking scheme using deep neural network
Authors: Ge Sulong , Fei Jianwei , Xia Zhihua , Tong Yao , Weng Jian , Liu Jianan
Published: November 2022

With the advent of the screen‐reading era, the confidential documents displayed on the screen can be easily captured by a camera without leaving any traces. Thus, this paper proposes a novel screen‐shooting resilient watermarking scheme for document image using deep neural network. By applying this scheme, when the watermarked image is displayed on the screen and captured by a camera, the watermark can be still extracted from the captured photographs. Specifically, the scheme is an end‐to‐end neural network with an encoder to embed watermark and a decoder to extract watermark. During the training process, a distortion layer between encoder and decoder is added to simulate the distortions introduced by screen‐shooting process in real scenes, such as camera distortion, shooting distortion, and light source distortion. Furthermore, a background sensitive loss and a lpips loss are used to improve visual quality of the watermarked document images in the training process. Besides, a strength factor adjustment strategy is also designed to improve the visual quality with little loss of bit extraction accuracy. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme has higher visual quality and robustness than the other two recent state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Modeling the 2020 November 29 solar energetic particle event using EUHFORIA and iPATH models
Authors: Ding Zheyi , Wijsen Nicolas , Li Gang , Poedts Stefaan
Published: November 2022

Aims.We present the implementation of a coupling between EUropean Heliospheric FORcasting Information Asset (EUHFORIA) and improved Particle Acceleration and Transport in the Heliosphere (iPATH) models. In this work, we simulate the widespread solar energetic particle (SEP) event of 2020 November 29 and compare the simulated time-intensity profiles with measurements at Parker Solar Probe (PSP), the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO)-A, SOlar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), and Solar Orbiter. We focus on the influence of the history of shock acceleration on the varying SEP time-intensity profiles and investigate the underlying causes in the origin of this widespread SEP event.

Methods.We simulated a magnetized coronal mass ejection (CME) propagating in the data-driven solar wind with the EUHFORIA code. The CME was initiated by using the linear force-free spheromak module of EUHFORIA. The shock parameters and a 3D shell structure were computed from EUHFORIA as inputs for the iPATH model. Within the iPATH model, the steady-state solution of particle distribution assuming diffuse shock acceleration is obtained at the shock front. The subsequent SEP transport is described by the focused transport equation using the backward stochastic differential equation method with perpendicular diffusion included.

Results.We examined the temporal evolution of shock parameters and particle fluxes during this event and we find that adopting a realistic solar wind background can significantly impact the expansion of the shock and, consequently, the shock parameters. Time-intensity profiles with an energetic storm particle event at PSP are well reproduced from the simulations. In addition, the simulated and observed time-intensity profiles of protons show a similar two-phase enhancement at STA. These results illustrate that modeling a shock using a realistic solar wind is crucial in determining the characteristics of SEP events. The decay phase of the modeled time-intensity profiles at Earth is in good agreement with the observations, indicating the importance of perpendicular diffusion in widespread SEP events. Taking into account the possible large curved magnetic field line connecting to Solar Orbiter, the modeled time-intensity profiles show a good agreement with the observation. We suggest that the broadly distorted magnetic field lines, which are due to a stream interaction region, may be a key factor in helping to improve our understanding of the observed SEPs at Solar Orbiter for this event.
How to subsidizing the used apparel recycling supply chains effective? An analysis based on the game framework
Authors: Wang Zongxian
Published: November 2022

Motived to find the optimal subsidy strategies in the used apparel recycling supply chains, this paper establishes a benchmark recycling model including a brand retailer and a remanufacturer, and extends the benchmark model based on different subsidy scenarios: (a) the government subsidizes the remanufacturer, (b) the government subsidizes the retailer’s remanufacturing part, (c) the government subsidizes all recycled apparel from the retailer. The constructed models show some interesting results. (1) Both the strategies (a) & (b) drove the same recycling efforts. The remanufacturer maybe mistakenly believe its profits could increase with the lower procurement price in scenario (b). However, the profits were the same in both scenarios. (2) The strong consumer sensitivity to recycling efforts not only increases the retailer’s profits but also drops the remanufacturer’s profits. Therefore, strong consumer sensitivity is only good for some players. (3) The donation ratio should be within a reasonable range. Otherwise, the remanufacturer’s profit decreases, and even the remanufacturer withdraws from the supply chain. (4) The optimal subsidy strategy for the supply chain members is that the government subsidizes all recycled from the retailer. Based on our findings, some management insights and suggestions are presented.
Diagnostik und Therapie der
Großgefäßvaskulitiden – Wo stehen wir
aktuell?
Authors: Henes Joerg Christoph , Saur Sebastian
Published: November 2022

Die beiden Großgefäßvaskulitiden unterscheiden sich in
mehrfacher Hinsicht, vor allem aber durch das Alter der betroffenen Patienten
bei Erstmanifestation. Die Riesenzellarteriitis (RZA) ist eine Erkrankung des
älteren Patienten wohingegen die Takayasu Arteriitis per definitionem
vor dem 40 Lebensjahr auftritt. Die Diagnosen sind in den letzten Jahren durch
verbesserte Bildgebung und Therapieoptionen mehr ins Bewusstsein
gerückt. Neben der klassischen Steroidtherapie – welche bis
heute Mittel der ersten Wahl ist – steht uns mit Tocilizumab, einem
monoklonalen Antikörper gegen IL6-Rezeptor, zumindest für die
RZA, eine zusätzliche hocheffektive Therapie zur Verfügung.
Andere vielversprechende Substanzen befinden sich derzeit in Erprobung. Dieser
Artikel soll einen Überblick zu Diagnostik und Therapie, aber auch einen
Ausblick zu möglicherweise kommenden medikamentösen Optionen
bieten.
Bedarfsorientierte kognitiv-behaviorale Intervention für
Paare mit Infertilität (FERTIFIT): Eine Pilotstudie zur Entwicklung,
Durchführbarkeit und Akzeptanz
Authors: Yamanaka-Altenstein Misa
Published: November 2022

Einleitung Weltweit schwankt die Prävalenz für
Infertilität zwischen 4–17% und in westlichen
Ländern ist rund eins von sieben Paaren mit Kinderwunsch betroffen. Das
Erleben einer Infertilität ist mit einer erhöhten
Wahrscheinlichkeit für psychische und partnerschaftliche Belastungen
assoziiert, wobei sich Partner einer Paarbeziehung in ihrem Befinden gegenseitig
beeinflussen. Dennoch ist die Versorgungslücke für betroffene
Paare groß. In dieser Pilotstudie wird eine praktikabel umsetzbare,
bedarfsorientierte und kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutische Intervention
für Paare mit Infertilität vorgestellt, die die
partnerschaftliche Bewältigung typischer Problembereiche fördern
und einer zunehmenden Belastung entgegenwirken soll.

Material und Methoden Insgesamt nahmen 21 heterosexuelle Paare an dieser
Studie mit Eigen-Warte-Kontrollgruppendesign teil. Die Intervention beinhaltete
bedarfsabhängig 5–10 paartherapeutische Sitzungen. Die
psychische und infertilitätsbedingte Belastung, die
Partnerschaftsqualität, sowie die Anwendung von individuellen und
partnerschaftlichen Ressourcen wurden zu vier Messzeitpunkten (M1=vor
Wartekontrollphase, M2=vor Intervention, M3=nach Intervention,
M4=nach Katamnese) mittels Fragebögen erhoben.

Ergebnisse Bei Frauen besserten sich die psychische und
infertilitätsbedingte Belastung, und sie griffen auf mehr Ressourcen
zurück, die zum Wohlbefinden und zur aktiven Problembewältigung
und Emotionsregulation beitragen. Während des Interventionszeitraumes
kam es bei Männern zu einem zunehmenden Erleben hilfreicher
Unterstützung, und sowohl bei Männern als auch bei Frauen zu
einem häufigeren Einsatz partnerschaftlicher Copingstrategien. Die
Evaluation zeigte, dass die Teilnehmenden sehr zufrieden waren mit der
Intervention insgesamt und mit der erhaltenen Unterstützung.

Diskussion Die Befunde deuten auf eine gute Durchführbarkeit und
Akzeptanz dieser Intervention in der psychotherapeutischen Praxis hin und
liefern erste Hinweise auf mögliche erwünschte Effekte, die
allerdings aufgrund des Studiendesigns und der vorliegenden Limitationen nicht
eindeutig auf die Intervention zurückgeführt werden
können.

Schlussfolgerung Die Stärke der vorliegenden Studie liegt in der
Vorstellung eines in der psychotherapeutischen Praxis gut anwendbaren
paartherapeutischen Konzepts, das bedarfsgerecht angeboten werden kann.
Für die Überprüfung der gefundenen Effekte ist eine
anschließende größer angelegte klinische Studie mit
randomisiert-kontrolliertem Design notwendig.
Unilaterale Mandibulafraktur bei einem Pferd
Authors: Vidović Aleksandar , Jansen Dorothea
Published: November 2022

Der vorliegende Fallbericht beschreibt im ersten Teil die chirurgische Versorgung einer unilateralen Mandibulafraktur mittels eines Fixateur externe Typ I am stehenden Pferd. Nach vollständiger Abheilung der Fraktur kam es während der Implantatentfernung zum Bruch von 2 der 4 Implantate mit Verbleib von Fragmenten im Knochen. Im zweiten Teil des Berichts wird ein spezielles Instrument beschrieben, das zur Entfernung der Implantatfragmente konzipiert und angefertigt wurde. Zudem wird die chirurgische Technik, welche die vollständige Entfernung in einer zweiten Operation ermöglichte, dargestellt.

Nach dem Wissen der Autoren handelt es sich bei diesem Fallbericht um die erste Beschreibung der Versorgung einer Mandibulafraktur mit der hier vorgestellten Technik am stehenden Pferd. Zusätzlich liefert dieser Bericht auch einen Lösungsansatz zur Bergung von tiefgelegenen Implantatfragmenten nach einem Implantatbruch als möglicher Komplikation beschriebener Operation.
Imageless, Computer-Assisted Navigation Improves Acetabular Component Positioning Precision in Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Dundon John M. , Paprosky Wayne G. , Schwarzkopf Ran , Barlow Brian T. , Vigdorchik Jonathan M.
Published: November 2022

Instability and dislocation can occur in up to one in four cases following revision total hip arthroplasty (THA), and optimal placement of components is critical in avoiding re-revision. Computer-assisted navigation can improve accuracy and precision of component placement in primary THA; however, its role in revision surgery is not defined. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effect of computer-assisted navigation on component placement in revision THA. This study was a retrospective, multicenter cohort of 128 patients (69 imageless navigation, 59 conventional) who underwent revision THA between March 2017 and January 2019. An imageless computer navigation device was utilized in 69 of the 128 patients. Acetabular component placement and the proportion placed in a functional safe zone were compared between navigation-assisted and conventional THA groups. Mean anteversion increased significantly in both the navigation group (18.6 ± 8.5 degrees vs. 21.6 ± 7.8 degrees, p = 0.03) and the control group (19.4 ± 9.6 degrees vs. 21.2 ± 9.8 degrees, p = 0.03). Postoperatively, the proportion of acetabular components within the safe zone in the navigation group (inclination: 88%, anteversion: 84%) was mildly improved over the control group (83 and 69%, respectively). Variance in inclination improved significantly in both the control (50.6 vs. 112.4 degrees, p = 0.002) and navigation (46.2 vs. 141.1 degrees, p < 0.001) groups. Anteversion variance worsened in the control group (96.3 vs. 87.6 degrees, p = 0.36) but the navigation group showed improvement (61.2 vs. 72.7 degrees, p = 0.25). Postoperative variance was significantly better in the navigation group compared to the control group (p = 0.04). Utilizing imageless navigation in revision THAs results in more consistent placement of the acetabular component as compared to nonnavigated revision surgeries.
Practice Variability and Unplanned Extubation Rates across Pediatric Intensive Care Units
Authors: Wollny Krista , Metcalfe Amy , Benzies Karen , Parsons Simon J. , Sajobi Tolulope , McNeil Deborah
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study was to describe the care of intubated patients in pediatric critical care. Acknowledging there are several perceived factors that contribute to unplanned extubations, a secondary objective was to describe how practice variation may relate to observed differences in unplanned extubation rates. A survey about practices related to the care of intubated patients was distributed to all pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) participating in the Virtual Pediatric Systems (VPS, LLC). Unplanned extubation rates for 2019 to 2020 were obtained from VPS. Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed to describe the responses, with unplanned extubation rates calculated as means. The text responses about perceived causes of unplanned extubation in participants' sites were explored using thematic content analysis. A total of 44 PICUs were included in this study (response rate 37.0%). The mean unplanned extubation rate for the sample was 0.41 (95% confidence interval: 0.31–0.50) per 100 intubation days. Variability was found across several aspects that impact care, including staffing, the frequency of procedures (e.g., chest radiography), and treatment-related goals (e.g., sedation and mobilization). The perceived causes of unplanned extubations in the sample included patient-, staff-, and equipment-related factors. We found practice variability in pediatric critical care units related to the care of intubated patients, which may contribute to the frequency of adverse events. As evidence emerges and professional associations and organizations recommend the best practices, knowledge translation will be required for the implementation and deimplementation of practices to improve the quality of care in PICUs.
Robotic Anastomotic Technique
Authors: Kay Danielle , Cannon Jamie
Published: November 2022

The first robotic colectomy was performed 20 years ago. Since that time, the robotic surgery platform has made significant advancements and become increasingly prevalent in colorectal surgery. The da Vinci Xi system (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA) and technology such as integrated table motion has facilitated multiquadrant procedures.

Intracorporeal anastomoses (ICAs) have proven benefit in the literature, including decreased length of stay, decreased narcotic requirements, and lower rate of postoperative wound infections and hernias. Additional studies have shown a lower conversion to open rate in robotic surgery compared with laparoscopy. In this article, we will describe techniques for creation of robotic ICAs.
LPL Gene Mutation in Type 1 Familial Triglyceridemia Presenting as Recurrent Pancreatitis and Complicated by COVID19
Authors: Kesavelu Dhanasekhar , Valliyappan Soundaram , Nalliannan Sarah , Pande Priyadarshini , Mahalingam Subathra
Published: November 2022

A 7-year-old girl with recurrent episodes of pancreatitis with risk factor of poorly controlled hyperglyceridemia presented with an acute episode of pancreatitis. She was managed conservatively and underwent whole exome sequencing which showed a likely pathogenic LPL gene mutation. Incidentally, she was diagnosed with COVID-19 on screening, which we hypothesize to have triggered the recent episode. On further examination, she was found to have bilateral cataracts. Her hypercholesterolemia was effectively managed with dietary therapy, high dose omega 3, and gemfibrozil. Our case report sensitizes the clinician to use a modern diagnostic tool such as whole exome sequencing in children with recurrent pancreatitis where hypertriglyceridemia is a known risk factor. This child is the first case of LPL mutation reported in India.
Acute Treatment of Headache (Focus on Migraine)
Authors: Chiang Chia-Chun , Halker Singh Rashmi B.
Published: November 2022

Acute treatments for migraine and cluster headache are necessary to abort attacks, relieve pain and associated symptoms, and restore an individual's ability to function. Acute headache treatments consist of a variety of medication and nonmedication options. In this article, we discuss the approach to acute treatment of migraine and cluster headache. We summarize the level of evidence to support each acute medication class according to recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses, as well as guideline recommendations from the American Headache Society, American Academy of Neurology, and European Federation of Neurological Society.
Recent Advances and Updates in Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias
Authors: Wei Diana Y. , Goadsby Peter J.
Published: November 2022

Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs) are discrete primary headache disorders, characterized by severe unilateral head pain, typically trigeminal distribution, with ipsilateral cranial autonomic symptoms. The conditions within this group are hemicrania continua, cluster headache, paroxysmal hemicrania, and short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache with conjunctival injection and tearing and short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache with autonomic symptoms. Several advances have been made in understanding the pathogenesis and evolving treatment options in TACs. This review will outline the advances and updates in each TAC.
Management of Anastomotic Leaks in Ileal Pouch Anal Anastomosis for Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Huang Alex Liu , Plietz Michael , Greenstein Alexander J. , Khaitov Sergey
Published: November 2022

Anastomotic leaks remain a dreaded complication after ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA). Their impacts can be devastating, ranging from an acute leak leading to postoperative sepsis to chronic leaks and sinus tracts resulting in long-term pouch dysfunction and subsequent pouch failure. The management of acute leaks is intricate. Initial management is important to resolve acute sepsis, but the type of acute intervention impacts long-term pouch function. Aggressive management in the postoperative period, including the use of IV fluids, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and operative interventions may be necessary to preserve pouch structure and function. Early identification and knowledge of the most common areas of leak, such as at the IPAA anastomosis, are important for guiding management. Long-term complications, such as pouch sinuses, pouch-vaginal fistulas, and diminished IPAA function complicate the overall survival and functionality of the pouch. Knowledge and awareness of the identification and management of leaks is crucial for optimizing IPAA success.
Pelvic Pouch Failure: Treatment Options
Authors: Lynn Patricio B. , Brandstetter Stephen , Schwartzberg David M.
Published: November 2022

Up to 30% of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) will require surgical management of their disease during their lifetime. An ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) is the gold standard of care, giving patients the ability to be free from UC's bowel disease and avoid a permanent ostomy. Despite surgical advancements, a minority of patients will still experience pouch failure which can be debilitating and often require further surgical interventions. Signs and symptoms of pouch failure should be addressed with the appropriate workup and treatment plans formulated according with the patient's wishes. This article will discuss the identification, workup, and treatment options for pouch failure after IPAA.
May–Thurner Syndrome: A Forgotten Cause of Deep Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Junianto Iwan , Zuhri Ervan , Andriantoro Hananto , Indriani Suci , Siddiq Taofan , Adiarto Suko
Published: November 2022

May–Thurner syndrome (MTS) is a relatively rare vascular condition that is characterized by external compression of the left common iliac vein by the right common iliac artery against the fifth lumbar vertebra. This condition slows the blood flow and is a predisposing factor for deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The key to its successful treatment is to remove the clot and fix the anatomical lesion. If this MTS diagnosis is missed, the recurrence of thrombosis will lead to significant morbidity and mortality. We report a case of 70-year-old female who had left leg DVT caused by MTS and was treated with catheter-directed thrombolysis along with long-term anticoagulation.
Update Pädiatrie (2): Infantile Zerebralparese – die häufigste Ursache für das Auftreten körperlicher Behinderungen im Kindesalter
Authors: Ackermann Wencke , Stuhlfelder Ulrike
Published: November 2022

Bei der infantilen Zerebralparese handelt es sich per Definition um eine nicht progressive Störung des sich entwickelnden Gehirns 1. Sie ist die häufigste Ursache für das Auftreten körperlicher Behinderungen im Kindesalter. Neben den Störungen der Motorik weisen die Patient*innen häufig zusätzlich kognitive Einschränkungen (50%), Verhaltensprobleme (25%), Sehstörungen (30%), Sprachstörungen (40%) und Epilepsien (25–40%) auf 2, 3.
Recent progress in optimal design of superhydrophobic surfaces
Authors: Zhu Mengyu , Huang Liyang , Zhang Bo , Chen Shan , Zhang Hongguang , Zhang Xianren , Li Dawei , Yao Yin , Peng Zhilong , Chen Shaohua , Cao Dapeng
Published: November 2022

Superhydrophobic surfaces have received tremendous attention due to their extraordinary physical characteristics and potential applications in various fields. However, the design of robust superhydrophobic surfaces showing both low adhesion and high antiwetting remains a great challenge. Here, we first introduce some important parameters for the characterization of the adhesion property of superhydrophobic surfaces and its physical meaning, including the apparent contact angle, rolling angle, and hysteresis angle. Then, we summarize the antiwetting property of superhydrophobic surfaces through thermodynamic and dynamic methods, and we point out the contradiction between low adhesion and high antiwetting of superhydrophobic surfaces. To achieve a trade-off between low adhesion and high antiwetting in superhydrophobic materials, we also review the recent progress made in regard to the optimal design of superhydrophobic surfaces by using chemical modification and physical design of microstructures. Finally, we review the application of superhydrophobic surfaces for drag reduction, with a few discussions and outlook. This Research Update is expected to provide useful guidance to rationally design superhydrophobic materials with low adhesion and high antiwetting properties and, thus, speed up the development of superhydrophobic materials or anti-icing materials.
Interaction between electric field and plasma in inductively coupled discharges
Authors: Tao Jun , Xiang Nong , Hu Yemin , Huang Yueheng , Gan Chunyun , Zhou Taotao
Published: November 2022

In regard to collisionless heating in inductively coupled discharges, two approaches have been widely adopted to describe the energy transfer between electrons and the radio frequency field. One approach is based on consistent kinetic theory, by which the resulting field can be expressed as the superposition of a series of plane waves and resonant interactions can happen between electrons and each wave, which might dominate the heating. Another approach is based on the single-particle approach, which assumes that the electric field can be approximated as a spatially exponential function. The energy gained by electrons can then be obtained analytically, and effective energy transfer occurs between the electrons and the field due to nonresonant transit time damping. Although the two approaches demonstrated equivalence in some parameter regimes, it is still unclear how to unite the physical picture in the two models. In this work, test particle simulations have been conducted to show how electrons interact with the electric field expressed as a spatially exponential function and as a sum of a series of plane waves. It is found that as an electric field can be approximated by an exponential function, the resonant interaction between electrons and the field is weak and the nonresonant interaction is dominant, so Vahedi’s model is good enough to describe this interaction. When the imaginary part of the surface impedance becomes important, the electric field cannot be well approximated by an exponential function. It is shown that the resonant interaction dominates the power dissipation of the coupled field.
Correlated nanoelectronics and the second quantum revolution
Authors: Levy J.
Published: November 2022

The growing field of correlated nanoelectronics exists at the intersection of two established fields: correlated oxide electronics and semiconductor nanoelectronics. The development of quantum technologies that exploit quantum coherence and entanglement for the purposes of computation, simulation, and sensing will require complex material properties to be controlled at nanoscale dimensions. Heterostructures and nanostructures formed at the interface between LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 exhibit striking behavior that arises from the ability to program the conductive behavior at extreme nanoscale dimensions. The active electronic layer, SrTiO3, exhibits a wide range of gate-tunable phenomena such as ferroelectricity, ferroelasticity, magnetism, superconductivity, and spin–orbit coupling, all of which can be controlled at the nanoscale using two reversible methods: conductive atomic force microscope lithography and ultra-low-voltage electron beam lithography. Mesoscopic devices such as single-electron transistors and quasi-one-dimensional electron waveguides can be “sketched” using these techniques, and the properties of these devices differ significantly from those created from traditional semiconductors, such as Si or GaAs. The strongly correlated nature of the SrTiO3 system is evident from superconducting behavior as well as a state in which electrons are paired outside the superconducting state. A highly exotic phase was discovered in which a degenerate quantum liquid is formed from bound states of n = 2, 3, 4, … electrons. Further development of correlated nanoelectronics based on the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 system can potentially lead to a general platform for quantum simulation as well as a pathway for the development of highly entangled states of multiple photons.
Quasi-superplasticity in the AlCoNiV medium entropy alloy with Heusler L21 precipitates
Authors: Nutor Raymond Kwesi , Wei Ran , Cao Qingping , Wang Xiaodong , Ding Shaoqing , Zhang Dongxian , Li Fushan , Jiang Jian-Zhong
Published: November 2022

The high-temperature tensile deformation behaviors of the recrystallization annealed Al7(CoNiV)93 medium entropy alloy with a duplex hierarchical microstructure of face-centered cubic (fcc) and ordered body-centered cubic L21 Heusler-type grains were investigated. The alloy showed a remarkably high tensile strength of ∼1.1 GPa and good ductility of ∼17% at 923 K due to a good strain hardening capacity of 60 MPa. At 1073 K, the highest fracture elongation of ∼270% was displayed at a strain rate of 10−3 s−1. The strain rate sensitivity was estimated to be about 0.32, which is typical of alloys that show this quasi-superplastic elongation. The activation energy was also estimated to be ∼421 kJ/mol. With deformation at 1073 K at a strain rate of 10−3 s−1, the duplex microstructure transformed into a refined triplex fcc-L21-σ equiaxed microstructure. The development of the triplex equiaxed microstructure resulted from dynamic recrystallization (DRX), which assisted in the maximum superplastic-like elongation of 270%. The inability of the alloy to access true superplasticity was attributed to immense cavitation due to the high amount of the brittle σ phase, which served as de-cohesion sites for the early fracture of the sample. However, the observed quasi-superplasticity could still be useful in superplastic forming operations.
Fine structure of the charge density wave in bulk VTe2
Authors: Duvjir Ganbat , Jung Jee-Ahn , Ly Trinh Thi , Lam Nguyen Huu , Chang Young Jun , Lee Sunghun , Kim Hanchul , Kim Jungdae
Published: November 2022

Vanadium ditelluride (VTe2) has been intensively explored to understand the charge density wave (CDW) phase and its connection to magnetic properties. Here, we conduct a systematic study to understand the fine structure of CDW via scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. STM topograph at 79 K shows that a CDW phase in VTe2 has a stripe modulation with 3 × 1 periodicity, following the double zigzag chain of distorted Te lattices. Interestingly, the 3 × 1 CDW modulation undergoes contrast inversion between filled and empty state topographs. Atomistic features and contrast changes of CDW observed in STM are clearly reproduced in our DFT simulation images. Charge distribution calculation indicates that the spatial extension and density of Te 5p orbitals have strong variations with filled and empty states, explaining the fine structure of 3 × 1 CDW in VTe2. Our finding provides an inspiring insight to further research on the less explored electronic structure of VTe2.
Measurement of amplification and absorption of a THz quantum-cascade metasurface free-space amplifier
Authors: Curwen Christopher A. , Shahili Mohammad , Addamane Sadhvikas J. , Reno John L. , Karasik Boris S. , Williams Benjamin S. , Kawamura Jonathan H.
Published: November 2022

An active amplifying metasurface based on a quantum-cascade gain material at 2.7 THz is studied. The metasurface is first evaluated as the active component of an external cavity laser with excellent beam quality and frequency tunability from 2.55–2.8 THz. Amplification and absorption of the metasurface alone are then separately measured at a single frequency using a probe signal from a CO2-pumped gas laser operating at 2.743 THz. The metasurface reflectance vs bias is measured and compared with expectations from non-equilibrium Green’s function simulations of the quantum-cascade gain material and FEM simulations of the metasurface reflectance. A peak amplification on the order of 0.3 dB is measured. Design strategies are discussed for increasing single-reflection amplification (upward of 10 dB) and reducing power dissipation. Further increased amplification could be achieved by cascading multiple metasurfaces.
Examining the utility of existing chemical hazard paradigms to predict future global-scale environmental impacts from emerging chemicals
Authors: Bowles Karl C. , Beyer Janina
Published: November 2022

Environmental context In previous instances of global impacts from chemicals, there were significant gaps between the onset of use and observations that triggered management. The lessons of the past have informed the development of strong paradigms for chemical management, but at some point, major impacts will again emerge, not covered by these paradigms. Holistic observation of the environment and collaborative reporting are needed to identify signals of future major issues. Abstract Increasing concern over per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the environment, in the last decade, has sparked an interest in emerging chemicals more broadly, leading to the development or strengthening of many useful programs for understanding and prioritising environmental hazards and risks for chemicals. While important and useful, such efforts mostly rely on comparing chemical properties with paradigms generated from previous environmental issues. The lessons of the past demonstrate that, at some point, major challenges to our existing paradigms will eventuate. Key to addressing these challenges is our ability for early identification of ‘blind spots’ not covered by our existing paradigms. Furthermore, if we only look for gross observable changes in the environment, we will only ever be able to respond with reactive measures. We suggest that while various relevant monitoring programs are in place and have been proposed, encouraging those processes to look beyond existing hazard paradigms and look for more subtle environmental signals will improve the ability to respond proactively when harm is still limited.