bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of low temperature and nitrogen starvation on the morphological and physiological characteristics of two strains of green microalgae of the genus Lobosphaera sp.
Authors: Shibzukhova Karina A. , Chivkunova Olga B. , Lobakova Elena S.
Published: April 2024

The effect of nitrogen starvation and, for the first time, low temperature, as well as their simultaneouseffect, on the physiology and ultrastructure of cells of microalgae of the genus Lobosphaera (Chlorophyta, Trebouxiophyceae) was studied. Nitrogen deficiency in both strains led to a decrease in the content ofchlorophyll by three times and an increase in the proportion of carotenoids by two times. A decrease in thecontent of both chlorophyll and carotenoids was observed at +10C. The simultaneous effect of two factorsresulted in a threefold decrease in the chlorophyll content in NAMSU 924/2 and a sixfold decrease inNAMSU (CALU) 1497; the proportion of carotenoids in both strains decreased by 1.52 times. Data onultrastructural changes in cells of microalgae of the genus Lobosphaera under the influence of stress factorshave been obtained. A similar nature of the response in both strains to stress conditions was noted. Nitrogendeficiency led to the accumulation of numerous lipid droplets in the cytoplasm of cells along the cell wall. Long-term incubation on a nitrogen-free medium led to the filling of the entire volume of cells with lipiddroplets, disassembly of the membrane system of chloroplasts, that reduction in sizeand being locatedbetween densely lying lipid droplets. At low temperatures, the number of thylakoids decreased, while theinterthylakoid space and the size of chloroplasts increased. With simultaneous exposure to nitrogen starvation and low temperature, numerous lipid droplets accumulated, the number of thylakoids decreased, the interthylakoid space and the size of the chloroplast increased, which was noted under separate exposure to stress factors. The pyrenoid in both strains did not undergo significant changes in all cases.
“Ca2+-dependent regulation of the proton permeability of the inner membrane of lupine cotyledon mitochondria”
Authors: Shugaev A. G. , Butsanets P. A. , Shugaeva N. A.
Published: April 2024

change in volume, and proton permeability of the inner membrane of mitochondria isolated from cotyledons of etiolated seedlings of narrow-leaved lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.) was studied. The mitochondria used in the work were characterized by a strong coupling of oxidation and phosphorylation processes. The high functional activity of mitochondria was confirmed by their ability to generate a transmembrane gradient of protons on the inner membrane (membrane potential or ∆Ψ) during the oxidation of succinate and also sustainably maintain it for a long time , both due to the operation of the electron transport chain and due to ATP hydrolysis under conditions of anaerobiosis. It was shown that the presence of 60–120 µM CaCl2 in the mitochondrial incubation medium had no significant effect on the rate of succinate oxidation and the parameters of oxidative phosphorylation; however, it induced ∆Ψ dissipation under conditions of oxygen depletion in the incubation medium. The most complete removal Ca2+ from the medium in the presence of chelators (EGTA, EDTA) prevented the membrane potential dissipation. Ca2+-dependent depolarization of the inner membrane was inhibited by dithiothreitol, suggesting involvement in this process of reactive oxygen species. The reset of the membrane potential was not accompanied by swelling of mitochondria and was not sensitive to cyclosporine A. Using metallochromic Ca2+-indicator arsenazo III, it was shown that the mitochondria of lupine cotyledons are able to actively absorb exogenous Ca2+ and store it in the matrix. Ca2+-induced dissipation of ∆Ψ under conditions of anaerobiosis was accompanied by the release of Ca2+ from mitochondria, the rate of which sharply increased in the presence of calcium ionophore A23 (A23187). It is assumed that the accumulation of Ca2+ and an increase in the level of reactive oxygen species in the matrix induces reversible permeabilization of the inner mitochondrial membrane of lupine cotyledons under conditions of anaerobiosis, which is due to the opening of a pore of nonspecific permeability in a state of low conductivity permeable to protons and, possibly, to other small cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+).
Comparative Evaluation of the Effect of Copper Oxide and Copper Sulfate Nanoparticles on Structural and Functional Characteristics of Thalassiosira weissflogii under Conditions of Enrichment Cultivation // Russian Journal of Plant Physiology.
Authors: Akimov A. I. , Solomonova E. S. , Shoman N. Yu. , Rylkova O. A.
Published: April 2024

The effect of copper oxide nanoparticles (500, 1000, 2000 μg/L) and copper ions (37.5, 75, 150 μg/L) on the morphological, structural-functional, and fluorescent parameters of diatom microalgae Thalassiosira weissflogii under conditions of long-term cultivation was studied. It was shown that copper in ionic form is more toxic for this microalgae species than in the form of a nanooxide. The nature of the effect of copper in ionic and nanoform on cells Thalassiosira weissflogii has both similarities and significant differences. The difference in the effect of the studied toxicants on the growth of algae and the performance of photosynthetic apparatus was revealed. The addition of copper ions into the cultivation medium led to long lag phase during the initial stage of the experiment, followed by the restoration of growth on days 3–6 of exposure. An increase in the concentration of copper oxide nanoparticles in the medium caused inhibition of algae growth without a pronounced lag phase. With an increase in the concentration of Cu2+ in the culture medium, a decrease in the quantum efficiency of light energy utilization by the PS II photosynthetic complex and the maximum relative electron transport rate were observed, while copper oxide nanoparticles had an insignificant effect on the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus ofThalassiosira weissflogii. With an increase in the concentration of copper, both in the ionic form and in the form of nanooxide, increase in cell volume, changes of cell shape and granularity, an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species, suppression of enzymatic activity and a decrease in autofluorescence values of individual cells in the red region of the spectrum were observed.
Effect of Endophytic Bacteria Bacillus subtilis on Seedling Growth and Root Lignification of Pisum sativum L. under Normal and Sodium Chloride Salt Conditions
Authors: Lastochkina O. V. , Garipova S. R. , Pusenkova L. I. , Garshina D. Yu. , Baymiev An. Kh. , Koryakov I. S.
Published: April 2024

The influence of endophytic bacteria Bacillus subtilis (strain 10-4) was studied on the parameters of growth and tolerance as well as the intensity of lignin deposition in the roots of Pisum sativum L. seedlings under conditions of sodium chloride salinity (1% NaCl). It was found that the impact of salinity reduced the germination energy, viability, length of the roots and shoots of seedlings, their wet and dry weight, and also increased the content of proline and the level of lipid peroxidation (LPO). Pretreatment with strain 10-4 had a stimulating effect on seedlings in normal conditions and a protective effect on salinity, which was reflected in the improvement of germination energy and seed viability, root length, and accumulation of their dry mass under saline conditions; however, in terms of shoot growth under stress, there was no significant difference from the control (nonbacterized) variants. At the same time, strain 10-4 promoted earlier formation of lateral roots as well as a decrease in stress-induced LPO and proline content in seedlings, which indicates that cells are protected from oxidative and osmotic damage under saline conditions. Priority data were obtained on the important role of endophytic B. subtilis strain 10-4 in the process of lignification and strengthening of the barrier properties of the cell walls of the roots, which contributes to the reduction of the toxic effect of sodium chloride salinity and the implementation of the protective effect of these bacteria on pea plants.
Salicylic Acid Improves Cold Resistance of Solanum tuberosum Regenerants via Regulation of the Antioxidant System
Authors: Golovatskaya I. F. , Kadyrbaev M. K. , Boyko E. V. , Filonova M. V.
Published: April 2024

Pretreatment of roots with salicylic acid (SA) and its role in control over morphophysiological parameters characterizing cold resistance of plant regenerants were examined in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). It was found that potato plants exposed to low above-zero temperatures (4°C, 3 days) failed to restore initial growth parameters (plant height, leaf surface area, number of stolons, and weight of the organs) and oxidative status (intensity of lipid peroxidation) of the roots and leaves after transfer to favorable conditions (22°C, 10 days). A short-term (4-h-long) pretreatment of the roots with 0.1 μM SA minimized the adverse effect of deferred chilling. SA treatment promoted restoration of the initial plant phenotype after hypothermia, which caused a rise in growth parameters (number and surface area of the leaves and number of stolons) as compared with plants exposed to chilling without SA treatment. It was shown that pretreatment with SA improves cold resistance of potato plants owing to changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and guaiacol-dependent peroxidase) and in the level of nonenzymatic antioxidants (ascorbic acid, anthocyans, total flavonoids and phenolic compounds). Depending on conditions, SA alters the ratio between individual flavonoids in the leaf. An ambiguous response to chilling and SA treatment was observed in two lines of potato regenerants produced by means of in vitro microcloning from the apical and middle part of the shoot, which is probably associated with their differing hormonal status.
Differential Expression of Sugar Uniporter Genes of the SWEET Family in the Regulation of Qualitative Fruit Traits
in Tomato Species (Solanum Section Lycopersicon)
Authors: Filyushin M. A. , Slugina M. A. , Shchennikova A. V. , Kochieva E. Z.
Published: April 2024

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an important crop and, due to the existence of wild relatedspecies (Solanum section Lycopersicon), a model for studying the development of the fleshy fruit. In thestudy, expression analysis of sugar uniporter genes SWEET1а, 1b, 1e, 3, 7a, 10a, 12c, 14, and 15 in tomatospecies and cultivars was carried out. In cv. Heinz (S. lycopersicum), genes that are most active in roots(SWEET1e, 3, 10a, and 12c), leaves (SWEET1a, 1e, 3, 10a, and 12c) and flowers (SWEET1a, 1b, 7a, 10a,12s, 14, and 15) were revealed. The growth of the fruit is accompanied by an increase in the level of theSWEET 110a and 12c transcripts; maturation of the fruit is accompanied by an increase in the level of theSWEET 1a and 15 transcripts. Differential expression of the SWEET1a, 1b, 12c, and 15 genes in the ripe fruitof inbred lines obtained from crossing of S. lycopersicum cv. M82 × S. pennellii was demonstrated. qRT-PCRanalysis showed that the expression of the SWEET1a and 12c genes is common for ripe fruit of the analyzedtomato species, while the expression of the SWEET1b and 10a genes is common for S. pennellii, S. habrochaites,and S. cheesmaniae. It was determined that the fructose : glucose ratio is equimolar in the accessionsexcept for cv. Black Jack and White Beauty (fructose : glucose ≥ 1.10). Correlations between the level ofSWEET gene transcripts and the ratio of hexoses was not revealed.
Effect of Expression of the NDB2 Heterologous Gene
of Arabidopsis thaliana on Growth and Respiratory Activity
of Nicotiana tabacum
Authors: Korotaeva N. E. , Shigarova A. M. , Katyshev A. I. , Fedoseeva I. V. , Fedyaeva A. V. , Sauchyn D. V. , Shyshlova-Sokolovskaya A. M. , Urbanovich O. Yu. , Borovskii G. B.
Published: April 2024

Novel lines of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), highly expressing the AtNDB2 gene (NDB2 from Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.), were produced with the help of agrobacterial transformation followed by a selection. The transgenic 13s line, possessing typical exterior and the AtNDB2 expression level, was compared with the initial wild type of N. tabacum regarding the parameters of growth and respiratory activity under optimal and suboptimal temperatures. It was found that the total and alternative respiration increased and the superoxide anion generation decreased in the 13s plants under the suboptimal temperature. The growth rate was decreased in the plants highly expressing the AtNDB2 gene in comparison with the control wild type plants, especially at the temperature below the optimum. Possible causes of the found changes are discussed.
The Use of Nanomaterials as a Plant-Protection Strategy from Adverse Temperatures
Authors: Venzhik Yu. V. , Deryabin A. N.
Published: April 2024

In the context of escalating climate threats around the world, there is a growing need to develop new strategies to increase plants' stress resistance. Innovative approaches in this direction are provided by nanotechnologies that ensure the production of various nanomaterials (NMs). These include structures lessthan 100 nm in size that have unique physical and chemical properties. Due to this, NMs are able to penetrate biological barriers and accumulate in plant cells. The effects of NMs on a plant organism can be either positive or negative, depending on the chemical nature, sizes and concentrations of NMs, the object of study, and envi-ronmental conditions. Many NMs in a certain concentration are able to regulate almost all processes in a plant organism: growth, water metabolism, activity of the photosynthetic apparatus, and pro-/antioxidant balance.This suggests the possibility of using some NMs as adaptogens that enhance plants' stress resistance. This review presents a comparative analysis of experimental data on the use of NMs in plant physiology and agriculture to protect plants from the effects of unfavorable low and high temperatures. Possible mechanisms of NM action onplants are discussed as well as a strategy for their further use in fundamental science and agriculture.
Parameters for Induction Curves of Prompt and Delayed Fluorescence and Redox State of PSI–P700 for Birch and Linden Leaves in Various Urban Environments
Authors: Todorenko D. A. , Yakovleva O. V. , Alekseev A. A. , Matorin D. N.
Published: April 2024

The photosynthetic characteristics of linden leaves (Tilia cordata L.) and birches (Betula verrukosa L.) growing near the city highways of Moscow (MKAD, Moscow Ring Road) by simultaneously recording the induction curves of chlorophyll fluorescence and the redox state of the PSI pigment–P700. In trees near highways, deterioration of electron transport at the level of plastoquinones (δRo) and decrease of P700+ reduction was revealed, despite the rather high rates of photosynthetic efficiency (FV/FM). In birch leaves growing along the Moscow Ring Road, a decrease in the outflow of electrons from PSI and a decrease in the intensity of delayed fluorescence at 30 ms and 1 s, associated with a decrease in the electrical and chemical components of the electrochemical proton gradient on photosynthetic membranes, were revealed. In plants near highways, an increase in the degree of photoinhibition and a slowdown in the reactions of restoring photosynthetic activity in the dark after the cessation of photooxidative stress were noted, which confirms the probable effect of unfavorable urban conditions on the biosynthesis of proteins in PSII reaction centers. The following fluorescence parameters are proposed as indicators of the state of trees in an urban environment: total performance index (PItotal) and the quantum yield of reduction of electron acceptors on the acceptor side of PSI (φRo).
«Influence of Excess Zinc on the Activity of Components of the Antioxidant System in Brassica juncea L. (Czern.) and Sinapis alba L. Plants»
Authors: Nilova I. A. , Repkina N. S. , Kaznina N. M.
Published: April 2024

Under the conditions of a growing experiment, the authors studied the effect of zinc at concentra_x0002_tions of 5 (control), 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg substrate on growth, the intensity of lipid peroxidation (LPO), and the activity of the components of the antioxidant system in Brassica juncea L. (Сzern.) variety Slavyanka and Sinapis alba L. cultivar Belgium plants. Some differences and similarities were found in the AOS response of the studied species to an excess of zinc in the root environment. Thus, there were no changes in the inten_x0002_sity of lipid peroxidation in B. juncea under the influence of zinc in high concentrations, despite the high con_x0002_tent of the metal in the roots and shoots. At the same time, even in the presence of metal at a concentration of 50 mg/kg substrate, an increase in the activity of guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and catalase was observed. In S. alba at high concentrations of zinc in the substrate, the metal content in the shoots was higher than in B. juncea. At the same time, the content of malondialdehyde noticeably increased, despite the increased activity of superoxide dismutase and GPX. In both studied plant species, an increase in the zinc concentra_x0002_tion in the substrate to 50 mg/kg and above led to an increase in the level of proline, while the content of carotenoids decreased. Considering that, in the studied concentrations, the metal had a less strong negative effect on shoot growth in B. juncea compared with S. alba, it was concluded that plants of this species are more resistant to excess zinc in the root environment.
Short-Term Pretreatment with Melatonin Increases the Resistance of
Barley Plants to the Subsequent Action of Cadmium
Authors: Danilova E. D. , Zlobin I. E. , Efimova M. V.
Published: April 2024

The effect of short-term and long-term root treatment with melatonin on growth parameters, photochemical activity of PSII, content of basic photosynthetic pigments, lipid peroxidation, and accumulation ofinorganic ions in barley plants under the action of cadmium chloridewas studied. It was shown for the first time that the protectiveeffect of phytomelatonin during short-term treatment is manifested ina decrease in the toxic effect of cadmium on the content ofphotosynthetic pigments and the accumulation of cadmium ions in theshoots and roots of barley plants. The protective effect of melatoninis based on its ability to reduce the intensity of oxidative stress bymaintaining the level of carotenoids and increasing the activity ofantioxidant enzymes. The effectiveness of short-term use of melatoninin a number of indicators exceeds its protective effect from long-termexposure. The data obtained indicate the possibility of usingmelatonin as a substance that induces the state of plant priming uponsubsequent exposure to cadmium.
Growth and Physiological State of Microalgae Heterosigma akashiwo (Raphidophyceae) during Exposure to Cadmium, Lead, and Nickel
Authors: Markina Zh. V. , Ognistaya A. V.
Published: April 2024

The effect of heavy metals cadmium, lead, and nickel on the growth and physiological state of raphidophyte algae Heterosigma akashiwo MBRU_HAK-SR11 (Y. Hada) Y. Hada ex Y. Hara, M. Chihara during 7 days of experiments has been assessed. It was found that cadmium and nickel at concentrations of 10 and 20 µg/L stimulated H. akashiwo growth, while lead inhibited it at these concentrations. Chlorophyll a and carotenoids content increased with the addition of 10 μg/L of cadmium and 20 μg/L of nickel, and the content of carotenoids was higher than that in the control with the addition of 20 μg/L of cadmium. With the introduction of lead, an increase in the level of chlorophyll a and a decrease in the content of carotenoids were observed. The content of ROS increased with the introduction of cadmium and lead and decreased with the introduction of nickel. Cadmium had an effect on the production of neutral lipids: their content increased and decreased by the end of the experiment. Nickel stimulated the accumulation of neutral lipids H. akashiwo, while lead had no effect on their content. Metals had the least effect on forward and side light scattering and fluorescence of chlorophyll a. The absence of pronounced changes in direct and lateral light scattering indirectly indicates that the algae cells did not change morphologically under toxic exposure. Thus, cadmium, lead, and nickel at concentrations of 10–20 µg/L changed physiological processes in algae.
Nonspecific permeability time (mPTP) in plant mitochondria and its role in cell death
Authors: Butsanets P. A. , Shugaeva N. A. , Shugaev A. G.
Published: April 2024

Current concepts are reviewed concerning the structure, regulatory mechanisms, and the functional role of nonspecific permeability pore (also referred to as mitochondrial permeability transition pore, mPTP) located in the inner membrane of animal and plant mitochondria. Some features characterizing the functioning of mPTP in plant mitochondria and its regulation under the influence of Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species are presented. Evidence available in the literature indicates that plant mitochondria are involved in programmed cell death, and this function is due to mPTP induction among other causes. Directions for further studies of mPTP in plant mitochondria are outlined.
Ecological and Physiological Characteristics and Biotechnological Potential of Diatom Algae Nitzschia amabilis H. Suzuki
Authors: Polyakova S. L. , Zheleznova S. N. , Gevorgiz R. G. , Davidovich N. A.
Published: April 2024

The study is focused on the ecological and physiological properties, production, and biochemical characteristics of the diatom Nitzschia amabilis. The optimum salinity (35‒36‰), illumination (2.95 klx), and photoperiod (14 h) at which the highest specific cell growth rate is achieved was determined. The coefficient of light saturation (Ik) was calculated and turned out to be lower than one, which indicates the high energy efficiency of photosynthesis. The results of experiments on salinity showed the ability of the alga to grow in the range of 4–68‰, indicating its relatively broad euryhalinity. The biochemical composition of N. amabilis during acumulative cultivation was studied. In general, polyunsaturated fatty acids predominated in the studied strain; eicosapentaenoic, arachidonic, and docosahexaenoic acids were dominant. The main share of saturated fatty acids consisted of palmitic acid. The productivity indicators of N. amabilis in relation to lipids, fucoxanthin, and PUFAs, which were 2.5–3 times higher in the flow cultivation mode than in the cumulative mode, have been established.
Furanocoumarins: History of Research, Diversity, Synthesis,
Physiological Role in the Plant, and Medical Application
Authors: Shtratnikova V. Yu.
Published: April 2024

The review is devoted to furanocoumarins, a class of substances that are a combination of pyrone,benzene, and furan rings, possessing a system of conjugated double bonds (which in some cases can be disrupted). This group of compounds is currently being widely studied due to its phototoxic and medicinal properties. The work examines furanocoumarins of natural origin, identified in the family Umbelliferae, or Apiaceae, their diversity is structured; the history of their study, the currently known stages of their biosynthesis,and examples of their biological activity in plants, cell culture and for medical use are described.
Flavonoid Glycosides in Leaves of Plants of the Genus Nigella L.
Authors: Shysh S. N. , Shabunya P. S. , Fatykhava S. A. , Reshetnikov V. N. , Spirydovich E. V.
Published: April 2024

Phenolic compounds in plants of the genus Nigella are represented by various groups of flavonoids, gallocatechins, and derivatives of cinnamic and caffeic acids. The content of flavonoid glycosides in the leaves of Nigella damascena L., N. sativa L., and N. orientalis L. was established by the HPLC-MS method. Species-specific dependence of accumulation of flavonoid glycosides has been established. It was shown that the main flavonoids in the leaves of the studied objects were glycosides of quercetin and kaempferol, while quercetin glycosides were 1.40–1.97 times more than kaempferol in the studied extracts. N. sativa leaves had an increased composition of flavonoid glycosides compared to other studied species. The qualitative composition of N. damascena flavonoid glycosides was like N. sativa, whereas it is close to N. orientalis in terms of the total content of this group of compounds. Total amount of flavonoid glycosides in N. sativa leaf extracts was four times higher than in extracts of other types of Nigella. It is worth noting that the types N. sativa and N. damascena have the greatest phenotypic similarity and are more resistant to growing conditions in Belarus, while the species N. orientalis is different in appearance and more demanding on cultivation conditions. It was found that the variety of flavonoids glycosides in N. orientalis leaves is less in the absence of high molecular weight and acylated forms. The possible absence of acylated derivatives and less variety of flavonoids glycosides affects the low stability N. orientalis to abiotic factors and reduces its adaptive potential.
The Determination of Secondary Metabolites of Kamchatka Honeysuckle Lonicera caerulea var. kamtschatika Sevast.
Authors: Razgonova M. P. , Petrusha E. N. , Rusakova E. A. , Golokhvast K. S.
Published: April 2024

For the first time, a comprehensive analysis of polyphenolic compounds in extracts of Kamchatka honeysuckle berries (Lonicera caerulea var. kamtschatica Sevast.) was carried out. We used 5 samples of wild honeysuckle and one variety sample Elena from the collection of the Kamchatka Research Institute of Agriculture. High-resolution tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify target analytes in the extracts. 58 polyphenolic compounds corresponding to the Caprifoliaceae family have been identified. Among the identified analytes, some compounds were determined for the first time: flavones—hydroxy genistein, diosmetin O-hexoside, chrysoeriol-O-diglucoside; flavanols—herbacetin, myricetin, astragalin, taxifolin-O-hexoside, rhamnocitrin; flavan-3-ols—epiafzelechin, epicatechin-O-hexoside, epigallocatechin-epicatechin dimer; phenolic acids—hydroxyferulic acid, hydroxy methoxy dimethylbenzoic acid, neochlorogenic acid, ellagic acid; stilbenes—pinosylvin, resveratrol and many other polyphenols. The richest in the content of polyphenolic compounds was the wild form variety nos. 5–23 polyphenolic compounds, followed by the Elena variety—21 polyphenolic compounds.
Phenological Fluctuations of Secondary Metabolites in Dracocephalum charkeviczii
Authors: Grigorchuk V. P. , Nakonechnaya O. V. , Grishchenko O. V. , Bezdelev A. B.
Published: April 2024

Plants from the genus Dracocephalum are a source of biologically active compounds, including rosmarinic acid and different flavonoids. Their concentration varies during the vegetation period. In order to examine changes in their content in Dracocephalum charkeviczii Prob., an endemic species of Sikhote Alin and South Kuriles, wild and cultivated plants were collected in three phenological stages: vegetation, flowering/start of fructification, and preparation for withering. By means of HPLC with UV and mass selective detection, 15 polyphenol compounds were detected in methanol extracts from the leaves. Several new compounds—coumaric acid glycoside, quercetin glycoside and rutinoside, and acacetin coumaroylglycoside—were identified in D. charkeviczii. Synthesis of most flavonoids was found to be the highest in the beginning of the vegetation period, and gradually decreased by its end. The concentration of caffeic acid derivatives (chlorogenic acid, rosmarinic acid glycoside, and dehydrorhabdosiin) increased, but the total concentration of compounds decreased by the end of vegetation.
Effect of Abnormal Light/Dark Cycles on the Pigment Complex
of Brassicaceae and Solanaceae Plants
Authors: Shibaeva T. G. , Sherudilo E. G. , Rubaeva A. A. , Levkin I. A. , Titov A. F.
Published: April 2024

Under controlled environmental conditions, the authors studied the effect of extendedlight/dark cycles of 24/12, 48/24, 96/48, and 120/60 h and continuous lighting on the content and ratio ofphotosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic pigments in a number of Solanaceae (eggplant (Solanum melongena L.),sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.))and Brassicaceae (broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck), mizuna (Brassica rapa ssp nipposinica(L.H. Bailey) Hanelt), arugula (Eruca vesicaria sp. sativa Mill.), and cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var.botrytis L.)) plants. Plants were grown in controlled-climate chambers at 23°С and light intencity of270 μmol/(m2s) PAR. Control plants were grown under photoperiod of 16/8 h. Continuous lightingdecreased the content of chlorophyll, its share in light-harvesting complex and chlorophyll to carotenoidsratio, but increased chlorophyll a/b ratio and the content of anthocyanins and flavonoids; these effects weredifferently manifested depending on plant species. At all other examined light/dark cycles (24/12, 48/24,96/48, and 120/60 h) where average daily light integral did not differ from such under common photoperiod(16/8 h), changes in pigment complex were often observed similar to photoprotective reactions occurringupon exposure of plants to excess illumination (a decrease in the content of photosynthetic pigments, modification of their ratios, and accumulation of protective, nonphotosynthetic pigments). At the same time,plant responses were species-specific. On the whole, the obtained results have shown that changes within theplant pigment complex may be induced not only by excessive light energy coming to plants, but also by distribution of daily light integral in time as it occurs in response to abnormal light/dark cycles that, in theauthors’ opinion, cause a circadian asynchrony
Establishing a Long-Term Cultivated Embryogenic Culture of Papaver rupifragum Boiss. & Reut. and Its Cytological and Biochemical Study
Authors: Rumyantseva N. I. , Kostyukova Yu. A. , Valieva A. I. , Akulov A. N. , Ageeva M. V.
Published: April 2024

An embryogenic culture of poppy Papaver rupifragum Boiss. Reut., which was initiated on the roots of seedlings grown from seeds on MS medium with the addition of 1 mg/L IBA, was obtained for the first time. Subsequent maintenance of the embryogenic culture was carried out on a hormone-free MS medium. Long-term cultivation and preservation of the embryogenic capacity of the culture (more than 5 years) was supported by cycles of adventitious embryoidogenesis, including the formation of callus on preexisting embryoids and the induction of new embryoids from their subsurface cells. In this regard, the resulting P. rupifragum culture can be considered as a differentiated culture in which the callus stage is an intermediate stage of development. It has been established that the surface of newly formed embryoids is covered with a surface network of extracellular matrix formed by polysaccharides, lipids, and terpenes. Histological analysis showed that embryogenic P. rupifragum culture is characterized by the formation of complexes of fused embryoids (CFE), which presumably arise either as a result of cleavage polyembryony or during the synchronous development of nearby embryoids. A study of the histology and ultrastructure of CFE revealed that the fusion of embryoids is caused by disturbances in the formation of the epidermis and cuticle. Histochemical studies have established that embryogenic P. rupifragum culture synthesizes and accumulates triacylglycerides, polysaccharides, phenolic compounds (PCs), terpenes, and alkaloids. It has been shown that the quantitative and qualitative composition of the PCs and alkaloids of the P. rupifragum culture depended on the age of the culture and its differentiation, adjustable by growing conditions (light, dark). Differentiated embryogenic P. rupifragum culture retains the ability to form embryoids on a hormone-free MS medium for a long time of cultivation and can be the basis for the further development of biotechnological methods for producing medicinal compounds for cosmetology and pharmacology.
Analysis of Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Plant Oxylipins Produced in the Hydroperoxide Lyase Branch
Authors: Radzyukevich Ya. V. , Tikhonov K. G. , Degtyaryov E. A. , Degtyaryova V. I. , Savchenko T. V.
Published: April 2024

Short-chain and medium-chain aldehydes and their derivatives, yielded by the enzymes hydroperoxide lyases from fatty acids, are present in many products of plant origin. They are often used as supplements to food to postpone its expiration date and to add a flavor of freshness. Since these compounds can be absorbed by the intestine cells and pass into systemic circulation, it is important to be aware of their influence on human health. In the present study, the potential biological activity of aldehydes and alcohols with chains containing six to nine carbon atoms were assessed. Their proinflammatory activities were tested in the experimental system based on donors’ whole blood. It was found that nine-carbon oxylipins stimulated the synthesis of the proinflammatory TNF-α cytokine (tumor necrosis factor alpha), and the stimulation by the aldehydes was weaker than that caused by the alcohols. The oxylipins containing six or eight carbons did not manifest proinflammatory activity. The obtained data may be of help to work out nutritional recommendations for patients suffering from inflammatory diseases.
Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi: Projection of Root Metabolome on Hairy Root Culture
Authors: Elkin Yu. N. , Manyakhin A. Yu. , Stepanova A. Yu.
Published: April 2024

The study characterizes flavonoid and phenylethanoid metabolites of Baikal skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis). The roots of intact plants and the hairy root cultures were compared. In the culture derived from seeds of wild plants, almost the same set of metabolites as in the whole root was found. Meanwhile, the levels of methylated and glycosylated derivatives of both classes of substances were different. The roots of intact plants accumulated significant amounts of sucrose. Methylated flavones, responsible for plant protection from biotic and abiotic stress-factors, were more abundant in the hairy root cultures. In both specimens, 7‑sulfate 6-ОМе wogonin was identified for the first time. It is concluded that visualization of mass-spectrometric data of a metabolome represents a convenient tool to reveal changes in the metabolome caused by environmental factors or plant damage.
Carbon Dioxide and Methane Distribution in Peat Deposits of an Oligotrophic Forest Swamp in Western Siberia and Their Emission
Authors: Inisheva L. I. , Sergeeva M. A. , Golovchenko A. V. , Babikov B. V.
Published: April 2024

Swamps and wetlands of forested areas, as well as the non-forest swamps are jointly involved in the global carbon cycle. They play an important role in depositing the greenhouse gases. This article analyses the long-term dynamics of the greenhouse gases (CO2 and CH4) concentration in a peat deposit and their emission in a natural and reclaimed oligotrophic bog in the southern taiga zone of Western Siberia. It was found that a significant role in the CO2 and CH4 concentration dynamics in the peat deposits belongs to the weather conditions of each month of the warm period, the botanical composition and the activity of biochemical processes, as well as the structure and physical and mechanical properties of a peat deposit. Also identified were the intra-deposit, spatial and temporal dynamics of the greenhouse gases concentrations’ indicators. It has been proven that there are multicomponent dependences of CO2 and CH4 concentrations on the parameters of external and intra-deposit conditions. The concentrations’ parameters in the oligotrophic bog’s peat deposit from the swampy catch basin of the Klyuch river were determined as follows: extreme concentrations of CO2 were 0.002–3.64 mmol/dm3, extreme concentrations of CH4 were 0.003–2.03 mmol/dm3; the CO2 normalised fluxes varied from /–22.2/ to 157.8 mg C/(m2 · h), the CH4 normalised fluxes’ extreme values were equal /–3.0/–5.3 mg C/(m2 · h), the CO2 fluxes for the warm period were 20–110 g C/(m2 · year), the CH4 fluxes for the warm period were 0.8–3.7 C/(m2 · year). At the forest reclamation site, a slight increase in the CO2 normalised fluxes activity was revealed compared to a natural swamp, while the greenhouse gases’ concentrations in the peat deposit were found to be comparable in both cases. It was shown that in the absence of an operating drainage system, the process of re-bogging occurs. Due to the vast areas of the West Siberian Plain’s swamps and the aggressive nature of the bogging process, moderate and selective forest reclamation is suggested for its taiga zone.
Forest Litter Features in Floodplain Forest of the “Bolshaya Kokshaga” Reserve
Authors: Isaev A. V. , Demakov Yu. P.
Published: April 2024

The studies, carried out in the floodplain ecotopes of the Bolshaya Kokshaga reserve (Russia, the Republic of Mari El) are relevant due to the need to understand the patterns of formation of the forest litter properties, which are a sensitive integral indicator of the biogeocenoses conditions. The work has been carried out on 20 test plots located in different parts of the floodplain in areas with a point bar type of river bed evolution, and, in addition to the main physicochemical parameters, the weight of the litter, its fractional composition and seasonal dynamics, as well as carbon reserves in it, were estimated. It was established that the weight of the litter on the studies sites decreased during the growing season from 20 to 33% of its value at the end of May. The main loss of its mass was observed in the first half of summer. The variability of the litter’s physicochemical parameters, especially its acidity, the degree of base saturation, the exchangeable calcium content, as well as the content of mobile phosphorus and potassium compounds, was found to be tied mainly to the features of the ecotopes, and their seasonal changes turned out to be statistically insignificant. It was determined that the greatest differences between the ecotopes were in the litter mass and the carbon stock in it. The mobile potassium and exchangeable calcium content were the highest in the litter of biotopes from the central part of the floodplain, and the content of ash and mobile phosphorus was the highest in the near-river zone. The ecotopes differed least of all in terms of the litter acidity and the degree of base saturation. It was shown that the carbon mass and stock in the litter of floodplain forests were significantly lower than in watershed stands, which was explained by its partial removal during floods, having the strongest effect in near-river ecotopes. The litter from the floodplain ecotopes, compared to the watershed ecotopes, also had significantly lower values of acidity, ash content, the sum of exchangeable bases, and the mobile potassium content. They surpassed the litter of lichen and mossy pine forests only in the mobile phosphorus content.
Artificial Forest Stands’ Impact on Soils’ Biological Activity in Khakassian Steppes
Authors: Sorokina O. A.
Published: April 2024

Artificial afforestation is especially important for dry steppe regions, where forests perform complex soil-protective, climate-forming, health-improving and aesthetic functions. Therefore, in 1975–1978 in the Shirinskaya dry steppe of the Republic of Khakassia on the premises of the Sukachev’s Institute of Forestry, several experimental artificial multispecific plantations of tree and shrub species were created. The studies were carried out in ten biodendrogroups (BDG) of the Shirinskaya steppe. For comparison, a site of a virgin natural steppe phytocenosis, located in close proximity, was taken. The purpose of these studies was to study the influence of tree and shrub vegetation on the edaphic conditions change, the ground cover succession, and the change in the soil functioning regime. The maximum positive effect on the biogenic indicators functional activity is exerted by BDG with edificatory coniferous species, under the crowns of which subordinate shrubs with a sufficient amount of leaves develop. Artificial forest plantations contribute to the formation of litter and an increase in the micromycetes’ proportion. A correlation was established between abiotic factors, especially illumination, and the growth of terrestrial herbaceous phytomass. Changes in ecological and phytocenotic factors contribute to an increase in biological diversity by optimizing the phytomass reserves and structure, and the emergence of new herbaceous vegetation types. Thus, ecologically stable artificial forest biocenoses can form under the dry steppe conditions.
Temperature and Precipitation Affect the Radial Growth of Berlin Poplar and Small-leaved Linden Trees in Saint Petersburg
Authors: Zaytsev D. A. , Dyk Buy Dinh , Selikhovkin A. V.
Published: April 2024

The effect of temperature and precipitation on the change in the radial growth of wood of Berlin poplar (Populus × berolinensis Dipp.) and small-leaved linden (Tilia cordata Mill.) in Saint Petersburg was studied. Cores were taken from old trees in the Forestry Technical University park, in the Palevsky square, in the city of Pushkin (poplar trees) and in the Moscow Victory Park (linden trees). To eliminate the influence of the samples’ age factor on the change in its growth rings’ width, the generally accepted detrending methods were used; the calculations were carried out in the Arstan software. Precipitation and temperature fluctuations during the winter period do not significantly affect the growth of poplar and linden in Saint Petersburg. Summer precipitation has a positive, but overall not a decisive effect, in some cases, the radial growth increases with increasing rainfall. Temperature has no significant effect on standardised (age-adjusted) growth rates. Non-standardised average values of growth under the increasing temperature conditions in July–September significantly decrease. The effects of temperature and precipitation appear to be indirect, exacerbating or offsetting the effects of other factors, especially the air pollution. The impact of pollutants increases with the increase in temperatures at the end of the growing season, because they accumulate on the leaves’ surface. Precipitation washes away pollutants, reducing the intensity of their impact. Growth decline in poplar trees in the second half of the 1990s, in the absence of such an occurrence in linden, can be explained by the consequences of a prolonged outbreak of the poplar moth (Phyllonorycter populifoliella) mass reproduction in 1991–1999. The above assumptions require additional research; in particular, determining the level of leaf contamination during the growing season and taking into account the impact of other factors.
The Gypsy Moths and the Green Oak Moths Population Dynamics during a Joint Mass Reproduction Outbreak
Authors: Lyamtsev N. I.
Published: April 2024

Long-term studies are necessary for effective forecasting and management of the harmful forest insects populations. This article is aimed at the quantitative description of the population dynamics mechanisms of the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) and the green oak moth (Tortrix viridana L.) during their joint and simultaneous mass reproduction. To do this, a comparative analysis of data from stationary observations of insect populations in 1975–2021 was carried out. It has been established that outbreaks of mass reproduction of gypsy moth and green oak moth with the formation of complex foci in weakened forest-steppe oak forests have a periodic nature. The duration of a mass reproduction of the gypsy moth is 10–11 years, and of the green oak moth – about 20 years. A characteristic feature is the constant readiness of populations for mass reproduction, the number of gypsy moth does not stabilise at a low level and practically does not fluctuate around the equilibrium point, but immediately begins to increase. The mechanisms of the interspecific competition are shown, and its impact on population dynamics is assessed quantitatively. With the dominance of the green oak moth in the foci, the mass reproduction of the gypsy moth does not stop, but becomes less intense. The proportion of the gypsy moth population in pure oak plantations is declining. Due to the deterioration of living conditions and an increase in the caterpillars’ mortality, a slow increase in numbers and a significantly lower maximum level are observed. The efficiency of entomophages increases, the gypsy moth population does not get out of their control, therefore, a less intensive mass reproduction scheme is realised. For the green oak moth, on the contrary, the biocenotic regulation of the population is less effective and is characterized by a strong inertia. The green oak moth is characterised by the formation of chronic foci due to an increase in the maximum outbreak of mass reproduction stage and its duration as a whole. Mass reproduction is very intensive, the population stabilises at a high level of abundance. Gypsy moth with simultaneous reproduction does not have a significant negative impact on the green oak moth.
Analysis and Forecast of the Zeiraphera griseana Dynamics Using the Delayed Moran-Ricker Model: the Impact of the Training Sample on Forecast Quality
Authors: Neverova G. P. , Frisman E. Ya.
Published: April 2024

We have applied the Moran–Ricker model with a time lag to describe the dynamics of two populations of larch bud moth. The model takes into account intrapopulation self-regulatory mechanisms. Data on populations inhabiting Switzerland in Graubunden (Baltensweiler, Fischlin, 1988; the Global Population Dynamics Database: Data set 1525) and Oberengadin (Baltensweiler, 1991) locations were used. We have found estimates of model parameter values by minimizing the sum of squared deviations of empirical and model trajectories. The point estimates of the population parameters were shown to satisfy the statistical criteria. The point estimates are located in the region of quasi-periodic oscillations, where, as a rule, they are adjacent to other dynamics modes. Consequently, the variation of population parameters caused by, for example, evolutionary processes or modifying factors influence can change the observed dynamics mode. To test the predictive properties of these models, we use the first part of the data to estimate the parameter values and the rest to compare the real dynamics with the model forecast. As it turned out, the quality of the forecast significantly depends on the nature of the dynamics at the end of the training sample used to estimate the parameters. The best prediction can be obtained if the training sample ends at the population peak phase. In the case of a low abundance phase, the forecast may have an acceptable error, but the nature of the predicted dynamics may change: for example, a shift in the population peak. For Data set 1525, we compare the point estimates obtained from a training sample of different lengths with the dynamic modes of the Moran–Riker model. This allows us to get an insight into the dynamic mode evolution in the Zeiraphera griseana population and to identify transitions from one dynamics mode to another.