bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Feature Extraction Algorithm Based on Optimal Neighborhood Size
Authors: Jia Caiqin , Pang Min , Han Xie
Published: October 2022

The feature extraction of a point cloud fragment model is the basis of fragment splicing, which provides the technical support for research on the segmentation, splicing, and restoration of fragment surfaces. High-quality feature extraction, however, is a complicated process due to the diversity of the surface information of a fragment model. For this subject, a high-efficient point cloud feature extraction method was proposed to address a new method for extracting feature lines. First, the projection distance feature of the point cloud model was calculated to identify the potential feature points. Furthermore, the local information of the possible feature points was used to construct the adaptive neighborhoods for identifying the feature points based on neighborhoods of the model. The clustering fusion of the feature points was proposed according to the discrimination threshold values of the feature points. Finally, the Laplace operator was utilized to refine and connect the feature points to form smooth feature lines. The experimental results showed that the proposed method was automatic, highly efficient, and with good adaptability that could effectively extract the detailed features and construct the complete feature lines. Moreover, results showed that the provided framework could extract the features of simple structure models and be feasible to a certain extent for fragment models with abundant features.
Nash equilibria for relative investors via no-arbitrage arguments
Authors: Bäuerle Nicole , Göll Tamara
Published: October 2022

Within a common arbitrage-free semimartingale financial market we consider the problem of determining all Nash equilibrium investment strategies for n agents who try to maximize the expected utility of their relative wealth. The utility function can be rather general here. Exploiting the linearity of the stochastic integral and making use of the classical pricing theory we are able to express all Nash equilibrium investment strategies in terms of the optimal strategies for the classical one agent expected utility problems. The corresponding mean field problem is solved in the same way. We give four applications of specific financial markets and compare our results with those given in the literature.
Head and neck cancer N-glycome traits are cell line and HPV status–dependent
Authors: Rasheduzzaman Mohammad , Murugan Abarna V. M. , Zhang Xi , Oliveira Tiago , Dolcetti Riccardo , Kenny Liz , Johnson Newell W. , Kolarich Daniel , Punyadeera Chamindie
Published: October 2022

Glycosylation is the most common post-translational modification of proteins, and glycosylation changes at cell surfaces are frequently associated with malignant epithelia including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In HNSCC, 5-year survival remains poor, averaging around 50% globally: this is partly related to late diagnosis. Specific protein glycosylation signatures on malignant keratinocytes have promise as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and as therapeutic targets. Nevertheless, HNSCC-specific glycome is to date largely unknown. Herein, we tested six established HNSCC cell lines to capture the qualitative and semi-quantitative N-glycome using porous graphitized carbon liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry. Oligomannose-type N-glycans were the predominant features in all HNSCC cell lines analysed (57.5–70%). The levels of sialylated N-glycans showed considerable cell line-dependent differences ranging from 24 to 35%. Importantly, α2-6 linked sialylated N-glycans were dominant across most HNSCC cell lines except in SCC-9 cells where similar levels of α2-6 and α2-3 sialylated N-glycans were observed. Furthermore, we found that HPV-positive cell lines contained higher levels of phosphorylated oligomannose N-glycans, which hint towards an upregulation of lysosomal pathways. Almost all fucose-type N-glycans carried core-fucose residues with just minor levels (< 4%) of Lewis-type fucosylation identified. We also observed paucimannose-type N-glycans (2–5.5%), though in low levels. Finally, we identified oligomannose N-glycans carrying core-fucose residues and confirmed their structure by tandem mass spectrometry. This first systematic mapping of the N-glycome revealed diverse and specific glycosylation features in HNSCC, paving the way for further studies aimed at assessing their possible diagnostic relevance.
Compositional effects in the liquid Fe–Ni–C system at high pressure
Authors: Posner Esther S. , Steinle-Neumann Gerd
Published: October 2022

We performed molecular dynamics simulations based on density functional theory to systematically investigate the Fe–Ni–C system including (1) pure Fe and Ni; (2) binary Fe–Ni, Fe–C, and Ni–C; and (3) ternary Fe–Ni–C liquid compositions at 3000 K and three simulation volumes corresponding to pressure (P) up to 83 GPa. Liquid structural properties, including coordination numbers, are analyzed using partial radial distribution functions. Self-diffusion coefficients are determined based on the atomic trajectories and the asymptotic slope of the time-dependent mean-square displacement. The results indicate that the average interatomic distance between two Fe atoms (rFe–Fe) decreases with P and is sensitive to Ni (XNi) and C (XC) concentration, although the effects are opposite: rFe–Fe decreases with increasing XNi, but increases with increasing XC. Average rFe–C and rNi–C values also decrease with increasing XNi and generally remain constant between the two lowest P points, corresponding to a coordination change of carbon from ~ 6.8 to ~ 8.0, and then decrease with additional P once the coordination change is complete. Carbon clustering occurs in both binary (especially Ni–C) and ternary compositions with short-range rC-C values (~ 1.29 to ~ 1.57 Å), typical for rC-C in diamond and graphite. The self-diffusion results are generally consistent with high-P diffusion data extrapolated from experiments conducted at lower temperature (T). A subset of additional simulations was conducted at 1675 and 2350 K to estimate the effect of T on diffusion, yielding an activation enthalpy of ~ 53 kJ/mol and activation volume of ~ 0.5 cm3/mol.
Ovarian imaging radiomics quality score assessment: an EuSoMII radiomics auditing group initiative
Authors: Ponsiglione Andrea , Stanzione Arnaldo , Spadarella Gaia , Baran Agah , Cappellini Luca Alessandro , Lipman Kevin Groot , Van Ooijen Peter , Cuocolo Renato
Published: October 2022

Objective

To evaluate the methodological rigor of radiomics-based studies using noninvasive imaging in ovarian setting.

Methods

Multiple medical literature archives (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus) were searched to retrieve original studies focused on computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound (US), or positron emission tomography (PET) radiomics for ovarian disorders’ assessment. Two researchers in consensus evaluated each investigation using the radiomics quality score (RQS). Subgroup analyses were performed to assess whether the total RQS varied according to first author category, study aim and topic, imaging modality, and journal quartile.

Results

From a total of 531 items, 63 investigations were finally included in the analysis. The studies were greatly focused (94%) on the field of oncology, with CT representing the most used imaging technique (41%). Overall, the papers achieved a median total RQS 6 (IQR, −0.5 to 11), corresponding to a percentage of 16.7% of the maximum score (IQR, 0–30.6%). The scoring was low especially due to the lack of prospective design and formal validation of the results. At subgroup analysis, the 4 studies not focused on oncological topic showed significantly lower quality scores than the others.

Conclusions

The overall methodological rigor of radiomics studies in the ovarian field is still not ideal, limiting the reproducibility of results and potential translation to clinical setting. More efforts towards a standardized methodology in the workflow are needed to allow radiomics to become a viable tool for clinical decision-making.

Key Points

• The 63 included studies using noninvasive imaging for ovarian applications were mostly focused on oncologic topic (94%).

• The included investigations achieved a median total RQS 6 (IQR, −0.5 to 11), indicating poor methodological rigor.

• The RQS was low especially due to the lack of prospective design and formal validation of the results.
Delir bei Demenz
Authors: De Biasi Johanna , Reininghaus Eva , Schoberer Daniela
Published: October 2022

Hintergrund

Ein die Demenz überlagerndes Delir („delirium superimposed on dementia“, DSD) ist ein weit verbreitetes, aber häufig unerkanntes Problem. Ein solches Delir mindert die Lebensqualität von Patient/-innen mit einer Demenzerkrankung erheblich. Das Bewusstsein für dieses Zustandsbild muss bei Gesundheitsfachpersonen geschärft werden, um dessen Entwicklung frühzeitig erkennen und von Demenz ohne Delir unterscheiden zu können und dementsprechend zu behandeln.

Ziel des Beitrages

Dieser Review beschreibt den bisherigen Stand der erforschten diagnostischen, präventiven und therapeutischen Methoden im Umgang mit DSD.

Material und Methoden

Eine umfassende Literaturrecherche mit den Begriffen „Demenz“, „Delir“, „Delirium superimposed on dementia“ und „DSD“ wurde in der Datenbank PubMed durchgeführt, ebenso wie Literaturrecherchen über Google-Scholar.

Ergebnisse

Die diagnostischen Möglichkeiten zur Detektion von DSD sind zurzeit auf Instrumente zur alleinigen Delirdiagnostik beschränkt, wie etwa die Confusion Assessment Method. Ein regelmäßiges multiprofessionelles Screening der Risikopatient/-innen ist zur frühen Detektion und Prävention dieser Erkrankung essenziell. Auch die Behandlung erfordert einen interdisziplinären Zugang. Eine pharmakologische Therapie ist indiziert, wenn nichtpharmakologische Maßnahmen nicht ausreichen oder zur Behandlung von delirauslösenden Ursachen. Im Vordergrund stehen die psychische und physische Betreuung der Patient/-innen und die Beseitigung von Risikofaktoren für die Entwicklung eines DSD.

Diskussion

DSD ist ein ernst zu nehmendes Syndrom. Noch gibt es keinen Goldstandard in der Diagnostik und Therapie. Multikomponente nichtpharmakologische Interventionsprogramme reduzieren nachweislich die Inzidenz eines Delirs. Deren Nutzen bei DSD muss in großen multizentrischen Studien überprüft werden.
Study of the dynamic performance boundaries of a converter’s energy storage device
Authors: Zhang Ziqian , Lehmal Carina , Hackl Philipp , Schuerhuber Robert , Zuo Jianyong
Published: October 2022

Maintaining frequency stability is one of the central objectives of power grid operation. While this task is currently primarily done by employing stored rotational energy, in a converter-dominated grid fed by renewables, sources, such as wind and photovoltaic, must be involved in the frequency control of the power grid in order to maintain a stable, efficient grid operation in the process of achieving carbon neutrality. However, due to the lack of rotational inertia reserves, the converter requires additional energy storage devices to respond to the grid’s frequency regulation requirements. For modeling a converter-dominated grid, the behavior of such additional short-time storage must be modeled properly in order to obtain realistic simulation results, which allow drawing conclusions about the frequency stability behavior of the grid. This paper investigates the boundaries of the dynamic performance of the output current of the energy storage device so that the converter can achieve the function of frequency regulation in a more economical manner. In this paper, a dynamic supporting converter based on a phase-locked loop and a grid-forming converter, as well as the DC link of the converter containing an energy storage system, are modeled. On this basis, the optimal boundaries of the dynamic performance of the output current of the energy storage device are investigated. It is concluded that not only the proper sizing of grid-supporting energy storage devices is important for proper grid operation, but the dynamic behavior also has to be modeled and designed properly in order to guarantee a stable operation under all circumstances.
Representing the Structure of a Debate
Authors: Harrell Maralee
Published: October 2022

In this article I aim to use the 1948 Russell-Copleston debate to highlight some recent problems I have experienced teaching argument analysis in my philosophy courses. First, I will use argument diagramming to represent the arguments in the debate while reflecting on the use of this approach use to teach argument analysis skills. Then, I will discuss the tools and methods scholars have proposed to represent debates, rather than just individual arguments. Finally, I will argue that there is not, but needs to be, a good way to represent argumentative debates in a way that neither obscures the essential details of the exchange nor becomes too unwieldy to extract a sense of the overall debate.
Validation of physics-based ground shaking scenarios for empirical fragility studies: the case of the 2009 L’Aquila earthquake
Authors: Rosti A. , Smerzini C. , Paolucci R. , Penna A. , Rota M.
Published: October 2022

This paper explores and validates the use of ground shaking scenarios generated via 3D physics-based numerical simulations (PBS) for seismic fragility studies. The 2009 L’Aquila seismic event is selected as case-study application, given the availability of a comprehensive post-earthquake database, gathering observed seismic damages detected on several building typologies representative of the Italian built environment, and of a validated numerical model for the PBS of ground shaking scenarios. Empirical fragility curves are derived as a function of different seismic intensity measures, by taking advantage of an improved statistical technique, overcoming possible uncertainties in the resulting estimates entailed by data aggregation. PBS-based fragility functions are compared to the corresponding sets of curves relying on updated ShakeMaps. The predictive capability of the adopted simulation strategies is then verified in terms of seismic damage scenarios, by respectively coupling PBS- and ShakeMap-based fragility models with the corresponding ground shaking scenarios. Comparison of observed and predicted damage distributions highlights the suitability of PBS for region-specific seismic vulnerability and risk applications.
Growth Enhancement of Radish Seed Induced by Low-Temperature Argon Plasma
Authors: Guragain Rajesh Prakash , Baniya Hom Bahadur , Pradhan Suman Prakash , Pandey Bishnu Prasad , Shrestha Bikash , Fronczak Maciej , Kierzkowska-Pawlak Hanna , Subedi Deepak Prasad
Published: October 2022

The process of seed germination is described as the culmination of a series of events that start with wetting and end with the emergence of the embryo (typically the radicle) from the seed coat. This method has an impact on crop output and quality. The characteristics of the seed surface and the surroundings have an impact on the kinetics and volume of water absorption by seeds. As a result, modifying the characteristics of a seed's surface is a useful tactic for influencing seed germination. Low-temperature plasma (LTP) treatment of the seed for surface activation is now being researched as an effective pre-sowing technique. This study looked at the effects of LTP on radish (Raphanus sativus) seeds at room temperature for various times. The seed's germination properties, growth parameters, water contact angle (WCA), Scanning Electron Micrograph (SEM), and FTIR analysis were examined. WCA and SEM examination revealed a considerable alteration in the seed coat following LTP treatment, which is directly connected to water permeability into the seeds. Similarly, FTIR analysis confirmed that the enhancement of the hydrophilic properties of the seeds following plasma treatment is likely due to the damage of the hydrophobic moieties on the seeds' surface. The LTP treatment improved each germination-related parameter, including the vigor index, chlorophyll content, in-vitro radical scavenging activities, total flavonoid, and phenol in the seedlings. Our findings indicate that LTP treatment has a beneficial impact on early seed sprouting and the development of radish.
Teaching sourcing during online inquiry – adolescents with the weakest skills benefited the most
Authors: Hämäläinen Elina K. , Kiili Carita , Räikkönen Eija , Lakkala Minna , Ilomäki Liisa , Toom Auli , Marttunen Miika
Published: October 2022

Sourcing - identifying, evaluating, and using information about the sources of information - assists readers in determining what to trust when seeking information on the Internet. To survive in the post-truth era, students should be equipped with sufficient sourcing skills. This study investigated the efficacy of a teacher-led intervention aimed at fostering upper secondary school students’ (N = 365) sourcing during online inquiry. The intervention (4 × 75 min) was structured in accordance with the phases of online inquiry: locating, evaluating, synthesizing, and communicating information. During the intervention, teachers demonstrated why and how to source, and students practiced sourcing by investigating a controversial topic on the Internet. Students worked in small groups and their work was supported with analysis and reflection prompts. Students’ sourcing skills were measured with a web-based online inquiry task before and after the intervention. Compared to controls, the intervention fostered students’ abilities in three of the four skills measured (sourcing in search queries, credibility judgments, and written product). Depending on the sourcing skill, 4–25% of students showed improved performance. The students with low sourcing skills to begin with, benefited the most from the intervention. The study demonstrated that students’ sourcing skills can be supported throughout online inquiry.
The effect of surgical weight loss on upper airway fat in obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Sutherland Kate , Smith Garett , Lowth Aimee B. , Sarkissian Nina , Liebman Steven , Grieve Stuart M. , Cistulli Peter A.
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Obesity is a reversible risk factor for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Weight loss can potentially improve OSA by reducing fat around and within tissues surrounding the upper airway, but imaging studies are limited. Our aim was to study the effects of large amounts of weight loss on the upper airway and volume and fat content of multiple surrounding soft tissues.

Methods

Participants undergoing bariatric surgery were recruited. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed at baseline and six-months after surgery. Volumetric analysis of the airway space, tongue, pharyngeal lateral walls, and soft palate were performed as well as calculation of intra-tissue fat content from Dixon imaging sequences.

Results

Among 18 participants (89% women), the group experienced 27.4 ± 4.7% reduction in body weight. Velopharyngeal airway volume increased (large effect; Cohen’s d [95% CI], 0.8 [0.1, 1.4]) and tongue (large effect; Cohen’s d [95% CI], − 1.4 [− 2.1, − 0.7]) and pharyngeal lateral wall (Cohen’s d [95% CI], − 0.7 [− 1.2, − 0.1]) volumes decreased. Intra-tissue fat decreased following weight loss in the tongue, tongue base, lateral walls, and soft palate. There was a greater effect of weight loss on intra-tissue fat than parapharyngeal fat pad volume (medium effect; Cohen’s d [95% CI], − 0.5 [− 1.2, 0.1], p = 0.083).

Conclusion

The study showed an increase in velopharyngeal volume, reduction in tongue volume, and reduced intra-tissue fat in multiple upper airway soft tissues following weight loss in OSA. Further studies are needed to assess the effect of these anatomical changes on upper airway function and its relationship to OSA improvement.
Nearness to God: Danish Muslims and Taqwa-infused faith frames
Authors: Lyngsøe Maria Lindebæk , Stjernholm Simon
Published: October 2022

This article advocates for an increased attention to how piously striving Muslims learn about, cultivate, and experience nearness to God. The empirical material is taken from our current research on Danish Muslims’ engagement with Islamic teaching and learning. We examine examples of oral teachings that instruct the audience to be constantly aware of God and address him directly in prayer, examples of how an awareness of God is cultivated and practiced in everyday life, and individual narratives of experiences of being close to or helped by God. With inspiration from the anthropology of Christianity as well as Islam, we propose an analytical model for understanding the process whereby Muslim efforts to draw near to God can ‘work’. Three interrelated dynamics are crucial to this process, and we identify each through our reading of existing scholarship. The dynamics at play are, respectively, a taqwa-infused faith frame, its related semiotic ideology, and a relationship of experienced reciprocal agency with God.
The elephant in the room is really a cow: using consumption corridors to define sustainable meat consumption in the European Union
Authors: Cué Rio Miriam , Bovenkerk Bernice , Castella Jean-Christophe , Fischer Daniel , Fuchs Richard , Kanerva Minna , Rounsevell Mark D. A. , Salliou Nicolas , Verger Eric O. , Röös Elin
Published: October 2022

Implementing the European Green Deal requires a consistent food systems’ policy that involves not only targeting the supply side but also conducting extensive changes in diets at the consumer level. Reducing meat consumption is an obvious strategy to put the European food system on track to meet the Green Deal’s goals. This cannot be achieved by focusing solely on consumer choice and individual responsibility. Stronger governance is required to reduce the scale of meat consumption to sustainable levels. Such governance needs to be informed by a holistic definition of “sustainable meat consumption”, designed to ensure that important sustainability priorities are not neglected, and to account for all emissions associated with EU consumption, regardless of where production takes place. This article presents a conceptual framework to define “sustainable meat consumption” based on the concept of consumption corridors (CCs). A CC is the space between a minimum (the floor) and maximum (the ceiling) consumption level, which allows everybody to satisfy their needs without compromising others’ ability to meet their own. Embedded in a powerful set of principles (recognizing universal needs; tackling both over and under-consumption; framing food as a common good; promoting public participation; and addressing environmental justice and planetary sustainability), CCs are attuned to the Green Deal’s ambition to “leave no one behind”, in the EU and beyond. CCs provide a demand-side solution encompassing a more equitable alternative to discuss what is actually a “fair share” of the world’s limited resources when it comes to meat consumption.
Quantification of breast lymphoedema following conservative breast cancer treatment: a systematic review
Authors: Fearn Nicola , Llanos Catalina , Dylke Elizabeth , Stuart Kirsty , Kilbreath Sharon
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Breast lymphoedema is a possible side effect of breast conserving surgery, but it is poorly understood. This is due, in part, to difficulty assessing the breast. This systematic review described outcome measures that quantify breast lymphoedema signs and symptoms and evaluated the measurement properties for these outcome measures.

Method

Seven databases were searched using terms in four categories: breast cancer, lymphoedema and oedema, clinician reported (ClinROM) and patient reported outcome measures (PROM) and psychometric and measurement properties. Two reviewers independently reviewed studies and completed quality assessments. The Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) methodology was used for studies including measurement property evidence.

Results

Fifty-six papers were included with thirteen questionnaires, eight patient-reported rating scales, seven physical measures, seven clinician-rating scales and four imaging techniques used to quantify breast lymphoedema. Based on COSMIN methodology, one ClinROM had sufficient reliability, ultrasound measuring dermal thickness. Tissue dielectric constant (TDC) measuring local tissue water had promising reliability. Four questionnaires had sufficient content validity (BLYSS, BLSQ, BrEQ and LYMQOL-Breast).

Conclusions

Ultrasound is recommended to reliably assess breast lymphoedema signs. No PROM can be recommended with confidence, but BLYSS, BLSQ, BrEQ and LYMQOL-Breast are promising. Further research is recommended to improve evidence of measurement properties for outcome measures.

Implications for Cancer Survivors

There are many approaches to assess breast lymphoedema, but currently, only ultrasound can be recommended for use, with others, such as TDC and questionnaires, showing promise. Further research is required for all approaches to improve evidence of measurement properties.
The effect of changing pregnancy intentions on preconception health behaviors: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Din Hena Naz , Strong David , Singh-Carlson Savitri , Corliss Heather L. , Hartman Sheri J. , Madanat Hala , Su H. Irene
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Pregnancy intentions are associated with preconception health behaviors but are understudied among female adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors. Preconception health is critical for survivors because they face unique risks to fertility and pregnancy from late effects of cancer treatments. This study prospectively assessed the effect of pregnancy intention on physical activity (PA) and smoking behaviors among female AYA survivors.

Methods

A cohort of 1049 female AYA survivors were recruited between 2013 and 2017. Participants were 18–39 years and had completed primary cancer treatment. Longitudinal mixed effects analysis was conducted on participants who completed at least 2 of 4 questionnaires over 1.5 years. Two measures were used to capture multiple dimensions of pregnancy intention. The pregnancy intention score (PIS) captured wanting and planning dimensions and represented a scaled response of low to high intention. The trying dimension captured urgent intention and ranged from not trying, ambivalent (neither attempting nor avoiding pregnancy), and trying now. Intention change was assessed between each consecutive time points. Final analysis was conducted with multiple imputations.

Results

Survivors with increased intention measured by trying was associated with increased PA over time (adjusted B [95%CI]: 0.3 [0.01, 0.5]) compared to survivors with no changes or decreased trying intention. PIS was not significantly associated with preconception behaviors. No measure of intention was associated with smoking behavior.

Conclusions

Increasingly urgent pregnancy intention (trying dimension) was associated with higher preconception PA.

Implications for cancer survivors

Screening for immediate intentions can identify AYA survivors in need of early preconception health promotion.
Six Decades of History of Hypertension Research at the University of Toledo: Highlighting Pioneering Contributions in Biochemistry, Genetics, and Host-Microbiota Interactions
Authors: Gokula Veda , Terrero David , Joe Bina
Published: October 2022

Purpose of Review

The study aims to capture the history and lineage of hypertension researchers from the University of Toledo in Ohio and showcase their collective scientific contributions dating from their initial discoveries of the physiology of adrenal and renal systems and genetics regulating blood pressure (BP) to its more contemporary contributions including microbiota and metabolomic links to BP regulation.

Recent Findings

The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences (UTCOMLS), previously known as the Medical College of Ohio, has contributed significantly to our understanding of the etiology of hypertension. Two of the scientists, Patrick Mulrow and John Rapp from UTCOMLS, have been recognized with the highest honor, the Excellence in Hypertension award from the American Heart Association for their pioneering work on the physiology and genetics of hypertension, respectively. More recently, Bina Joe has continued their legacy in the basic sciences by uncovering previously unknown novel links between microbiota and metabolites to the etiology of hypertension, work that has been recognized by the American Heart Association with multiple awards. On the clinical research front, Christopher Cooper and colleagues lead the CORAL trials and contributed importantly to the investigations on renal artery stenosis treatment paradigms. Hypertension research at this institution has not only provided these pioneering insights, but also grown careers of scientists as leaders in academia as University Presidents and Deans of Medical Schools. Through the last decade, the university has expanded its commitment to Hypertension research as evident through the development of the Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine led by Bina Joe as its founding Director.

Hypertension being the top risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, which is the leading cause of human mortality, is an important area of research in multiple international universities. The UTCOMLS is one such university which, for the last 6 decades, has made significant contributions to our current understanding of hypertension. This review is a synthesis of this rich history. Additionally, it also serves as a collection of audio archives by more recent faculty who are also prominent leaders in the field of hypertension research, including John Rapp, Bina Joe, and Christopher Cooper, which are cataloged at Interviews.
The distribution of fake Australian vaccine digital certificates on an alt-tech platform
Authors: Childs Andrew
Published: October 2022

This paper provides the first exploration of the online distribution of fake Australian COVID-19 vaccine certificates. Drawing on a collection of 2589 posts between five distributors and their community members on the alt-tech platform Gab, this study gathers key insights into the mechanics of illicit vaccine certificate distribution. The qualitative findings in this research demonstrate the various motivations and binding ideologies that underpinned this illicit distribution (e.g. anti-vaccine and anti-surveillance motivations); the unique cybercultural aspects of this online illicit network (e.g. ‘crowdsourcing’ the creation of fake vaccine passes); and how the online community was used to share information on the risks of engaging in this illicit service, setting the appropriate contexts of using fake vaccine passes, and the evasion of guardians in offline settings. Implications for future research in cybercrime, illicit networks, and organised crime in digital spaces are discussed.
Introducing mobile apps to promote the well-being of German and Italian university students. A cross-national application of the Technology Acceptance Model
Authors: Paganin Giulia , Apolinário-Hagen Jennifer , Simbula Silvia
Published: October 2022

Stress represents a significant risk factor for several psychophysical diseases among college students, such as depression and anxiety, which may undermine their academic functioning, resulting in high drop rates from college. Nevertheless, university services for mental health promotion are typically underutilized. As a result, professionals and authorities strive to find new ways to address students' mental health needs. In this view, mobile apps seem appropriate for well-being promotion interventions. Drawing on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), which is the most widely used theory on users' intention to use technologies, we assumed that perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU) would be positively related to intention to use (INT), and PEOU would be positively related to PU among both Italian and German university students. To test our hypotheses, we replicated the same cross-sectional study in Italy (n = 255) and Germany (n = 228) with university students. Although we found partial scalar invariance of the TAM dimensions across the two nations, our predictions were only partially confirmed: PEOU was positively related to PU in the Italian sample only. Overall, this study is one of the first empirical attempts to compare TAM cross-nationally within the European context and it contributes to the small but increasing body of research investigating students’ acceptance of smartphone-based interventions for stress management and well-being promotion. Understanding mobile health acceptance could help universities increase students’ chances of adopting the proposed services, considering the factors influencing this choice.
The Relative Index Theorem for General First-Order Elliptic Operators
Authors: Bandara Lashi
Published: October 2022

The relative index theorem is proved for general first-order elliptic operators that are complete and coercive at infinity over measured manifolds. This extends the original result by Gromov–Lawson for generalised Dirac operators as well as the result of Bär–Ballmann for Dirac-type operators. The theorem is seen through the point of view of boundary value problems, using the graphical decomposition of elliptically regular boundary conditions for general first-order elliptic operators due to Bär–Bandara. Splitting, decomposition and the Phi-relative index theorem are proved on route to the relative index theorem.
A Fundamental Condition for Harmonic Analysis in Anisotropic Generalized Orlicz Spaces
Authors: Hästö Peter A.
Published: October 2022

Anisotropic generalized Orlicz spaces have been investigated in many recent papers, but the basic assumptions are not as well understood as in the isotropic case. We study the greatest convex minorant of anisotropic $$\Phi $$
Φ
-functions and prove the equivalence of two widely used conditions in the theory of generalized Orlicz spaces, usually called (A1) and (M). This provides a more natural and easily verifiable condition for use in the theory of anisotropic generalized Orlicz spaces for results such as Jensen’s inequality which we obtain as a corollary.
Weak Solutions to Monge–Ampère Type Equations on Compact Hermitian Manifold with Boundary
Authors: Kołodziej Sławomir , Nguyen Ngoc Cuong
Published: October 2022

We prove the bounded subsolution theorem for the complex Monge–Ampère type equation, with the right-hand side being a positive Radon measure, on a compact Hermitian manifold with boundary.
Axially Harmonic Functions and the Harmonic Functional Calculus on the S-spectrum
Authors: Colombo Fabrizio , De Martino Antonino , Pinton Stefano , Sabadini Irene
Published: October 2022

The spectral theory on theS-spectrum was introduced to give an appropriate mathematical setting to quaternionic quantum mechanics, but it was soon realized that there were different applications of this theory, for example, to fractional heat diffusion and to the spectral theory for the Dirac operator on manifolds. In this seminal paper we introduce the harmonic functional calculus based on theS-spectrum and on an integral representation of axially harmonic functions. This calculus can be seen as a bridge between harmonic analysis and the spectral theory. The resolvent operator of the harmonic functional calculus is the commutative version of the pseudoS-resolvent operator. This new calculus also appears, in a natural way, in the product rule for theF-functional calculus.
Het meten van een brede benadering van gezondheid vraagt een brede aanpak in wetenschappelijk onderzoek
Authors: Nahar-van Venrooij Lenny M. W. , Timmers Janine
Published: October 2022

Samenvatting

Steeds meer instellingen passen het door Huber en collega’s geïntroduceerde brede en dynamische concept van gezondheid ‘de mogelijkheid je aan te passen en eigen regie te voeren’ toe. Dit wordt ook wel Positieve Gezondheid genoemd. Hierdoor ontstond de behoefte om de impact van werken vanuit dit concept te meten. Er is hiervoor echter nog geen gevalideerd meetinstrument beschikbaar. Om dit hiaat te overbruggen werden in het Jeroen Bosch Ziekenhuis aanbevelingen voor onderzoekers opgesteld, die in dit artikel worden beschreven. Idealiter wordt het mixed-methods-onderzoeksontwerp ingezet, met als uitkomstmaten aspecten van ervaren gezondheid in brede zin en persoonsgerichte zorg.
Flow rate improvements in additively manufactured flow channels suitable for rocket engine application
Authors: Buchholz Maximilian , Gruber Samira , Selbmann Alex , Marquardt Axel , Meier Lucas , Müller Michael , Seifert Lukas , Leyens Christoph , Tajmar Martin , Bach Christian
Published: October 2022

This contribution describes the investigation of flow channels which are designed to be directly integrated into an aerospike engine by means of additive manufacturing with laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). During the experimental testing of a previous aerospike engine in 2019, it was observed that high surface roughness of such additively manufactured integrated channels caused a significant reduction in the mass flow rates of the propellants ethanol and liquid oxygen as well as the coolant due to increased pressure drop. In an extensive study within the CFDmikroSAT project, various factors influencing this surface roughness are, therefore, being investigated, which include the geometry of the channels as well as selected manufacturing parameters of the LPBF process, such as layer thickness and component orientation. To further reduce the roughness after manufacturing, suitable post-processing methods are also being investigated for internal cavities, initially analysing the abrasive flow machining process. Within the paper, the overall investigation approach is presented, such as the overview of the considered specimens, and the initial results of a various studies with selected specimens are discussed. These studies consist of the examination of surface roughness reduction, shape accuracy and flow behaviour of post-processed cooling channel specimens. Finally, a brief overview of the already manufactured aerospike demonstrator is presented.
Construction and dynamic identification of aeroelastic test models for flexible roofs
Authors: Rizzo Fabio , Sadhu Ayan , Abasi Ali , Pistol Aleksander , Flaga Łukasz , Venanzi Ilaria , Ubertini Filippo
Published: October 2022

The aeroelastic wind tunnel testing of flexible roofs made of hyperbolic paraboloid cable nets is a challenging task for designers and researchers, with very limited documented experiences in the literature. The reduced-scale model construction and its dynamic identification are the main issues to address when approaching this problem, mainly because of (i) the very small mass of the roof, (ii) the strict aeroelastic criteria to satisfy and (iii) a large number of very closely spaced significant natural frequencies. To suggest an approach to follow to investigate the wind—structure interaction for this structural typology, this paper discusses the aeroelastic scaling, the aeroelastic model construction, the dynamic modal identification and the FEM predictive numerical modelling of hyperbolic paraboloid roofs (HPRs) with square, rectangular and circular plan shapes and two different curvatures. Modal identification is especially challenging due to the presence of several closely spaced modes and it is here tackled by different methods such as Welch’s method, random decrement technique (RDT), Empirical mode decomposition with a time-varying filter (TVF-EMD) and frequency domain decomposition method (FDD). The satisfying accuracy of the aeroelastic scaling has been verified by comparing the wind-induced vertical displacements of the prototypes against those of the experimental models. Furthermore, an extensive qualitative investigation of the natural mode shapes has been carried out revealing that test models reproduce most of the prototype modes.
Advances of LINAC-based boron neutron capture therapy in Korea
Authors: Bae Young-soon , Kim Dong-Su , Seo Hyo Jung , Han Je-Un , Yoon Hyung Jin , Hwang Jung Jin , Kim Ju Jin , Woo Byung Hyo , Kim Hyo Jin , Jang Yoo Soon , Han Seok Chang , Kim Woong Hee , Kang Do Goo , Seo Hyun Jin , Lee Soo Young , Jeon Sang June , Yi Jungyu , Lee Jeongwoo , Seo Il Hyeok , Kim Se Hyun , Kim Woo Hyoung , Park Na Hyung , Lee Myeng Hyun , Bae Sung June , Lee Seung Hoon , Cho Gyu Ho , Kim Seong Han , Moon Seong Hwan , Lee Min Kyu , Choi Jae Won , Lee Kyu Young , Huh Dong Seok , Kim Dong Woo , Min Kyung June , Yoon Hyoung Min , Kyung Hyunhye , Yang Jieun , Na Dasom , Lee Sangbong , Han Jaehwan , Kwak Yongho , Lee Sei-Young , Nam Joo Young , Choi Byung-Ho , Moon Young-Kwan , Do Won , Yoo Mooyoung , Park Sun-Sun
Published: October 2022

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) has been attracting interest as a new radiation modality for cancer therapy because it can selectively destroy cancer cells while maintaining the healthy state of surrounding normal cells. Many experimental trials have demonstrated significant BNCT treatment efficacy using neutron beams from research reactors. However, nuclear reactor technology cannot be scaled to sites in hospitals delivering patient treatment. Therefore, compact accelerator-based neutron sources that could be installed in many hospitals are under development or have even been commissioned at many facilities around the world. In Korea, a radio-frequency (RF) linac-based BNCT (A-BNCT) facility is under development by DawonMedax (DM). It provides the highly efficient production of an epithermal neutron beam with an optimized neutron energy spectrum range of 0.1~10 keV. With a 2-mA 10-MeV proton beam from the accelerator, the irradiation port epithermal neutron flux is higher than 1 × 109 n/cm2⋅s. Comprehensive verification and validation of the system have been conducted with the measurement of both proton and neutron beam characteristics. Significant therapeutic effects from BNCT have been confirmed by DM in both in vitro and in vivo non-clinical trials. Further, during exposure to epithermal neutrons, all other unintended radiation is controlled to levels meeting International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) recommendations. Recently, the Korean FDA has accepted an investigational new drug (IND) and the first-in-human clinical trial of BNCT is now being prepared. This paper introduces the principles of BNCT and accelerator-based neutron sources for BNCT and reports the recent advances of DM A-BNCT facility which is the main part of this paper.
On-Screen Language in Video Games
Authors: Deckert Mikołaj , Hejduk Krzysztof
Published: October 2022

In this Element, the authors focus on the translational dimension of 'on-screen language' (OSL). They analyse a data set covering the Polish localisations of Tom Clancy's The Division 2 and Shadow Warrior 2, from which over 1000 cases of unique and meaningful OSL were extracted, almost exclusively in languages other than Polish. Close to 100 representative examples are examined in this Element to map out a comprehensive typological account of OSL. First, visual-verbal stimuli are categorised by their prominence in the 3D environment. The second typology focuses on the identified OSL functions. A supplementary typological distinction is proposed based on the technical (static vs. dynamic) implementation of OSL. The discussion of findings and implications notably comprises input from an interview that the authors conduced with a lead level developer behind Shadow Warrior 2 to provide a complementary professional perspective on OSL and its translation.
Becoming an Archaeologist
Authors: Flatman Joseph
Published: October 2022

Becoming an Archaeologist: A Guide to Professional Pathways is an engaging handbook on career paths in archaeology. It outlines the process of getting a job in archaeology, including various career options, the training required, and how to get positions in the academic, commercial, government and charity sectors. This new edition has been substantially revised and updated. The coverage has been expanded to include many more examples of archaeological lives and livelihoods from dozens of countries around the world. It also has more interviews, with in-depth analyses of the career paths of over twenty different archaeologists working around the world. Data on the demographics of archaeologists has also been updated, as have sections on access to and inclusion in archaeology. The volume also includes revised and updated appendices and a new bibliography. Written in an accessible style, the book is essential reading for anyone interested in a career in archaeology in the twenty-first century.
Statistics and the Language of Global Health
Authors: Lin Yi-Tang
Published: October 2022

Yi-Tang Lin presents the historical process by which statistics became the language of global health for local and international health organizations. Drawing on archival material from three continents, this study investigates efforts by public health schools, philanthropic foundations, and international organizations to turn numbers into an international language for public health. Lin shows how these initiatives produced an international network of public health experts who, across various socioeconomic and political contexts, opted for different strategies when it came to setting global standards and translating local realities into numbers. Focusing on China and Taiwan between 1917 and 1960, Lin examines the reception, adaptation, and appropriation of international health statistics. She presents the dynamic interplay between numbers, experts, and policy-making in international health organizations and administrations in China and Taiwan. This title is also available as Open Access.
The Law of the Sea and PRC Gray-Zone Operations in the South China Sea
Authors: McLaughlin Rob
Published: October 2022

A growing number of incidents—particularly since 2009—highlight the South China Sea (SCS) as the preeminent venue for the People's Republic of China (PRC) maritime gray zone operations. “Gray zone operations” are, in essence, operations that are designed to exploit or create legal (and other) uncertainties for a military or strategic advantage. A prominent example is the way that China has used the so-called nine(ten)-dash line without fully explaining the legal basis for it. There are other examples, as well. China has deliberately cultivated uncertainty about the sovereign status of maritime militia vessels—and thus about whether and how the conduct of these vessels might be directly attributable to the PRC. It has harassed U.S. survey vessels seventy-five nautical miles (nm) south of Hainan Island in an effort to disrupt military survey operations that it claims are impermissible and has sunk a Philippine fishing vessel at Reed Bank in an effort to enforce Chinese claims to exclusive fisheries rights in this area. It has also asserted claims and enforcement rights in zones that clearly belong to other states—including actions against Indonesian fishing vessels in seas in the vicinity of the Natuna Islands, which are part of the Indonesian Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) (and Continental Shelf). And it has conducted operations on the basis of inapplicable maritime zone rights, such as by asserting a territorial sea and thus the right to control innocent passage around low-tide elevations with artificial installations built upon them—such as with Mischief Reef. The list goes on.
Responsibility of Private Individuals for Complicity in a War of Aggression
Authors: Hajdin Nikola R.
Published: October 2022

The crime of aggression requires that the perpetrator be in a position effectively to exercise control over—or to direct—the political or military action of a state. This requirement, called the “leadership clause,” has led to the view that private individuals are excluded from criminal responsibility because they lack the necessary authority over the state policy. In this Essay, I argue against this dominant view and outline an analytical framework for criminal complicity in a war of aggression.