bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stellenwert des Vitamin D bei Autoimmunerkrankungen
Authors: Janda Aleš
Published: February 2025

Vitamin D spielt eine wichtige Rolle bei Autoimmunerkrankungen und ist über seine klassische Funktion im Knochenstoffwechsel hinaus ein entscheidender Faktor für die Immunregulation. Es wird in der Haut durch UVB-Strahlung gebildet und in seine aktive Form (1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D, Calcitriol) umgewandelt, die an Vitamin-D-Rezeptoren in Immunzellen bindet und entzündungsregulierende Gene beeinflusst. Studien legen nahe, dass ein niedriger Vitamin-D-Spiegel mit einer erhöhten Krankheitsaktivität und einem höheren Risiko für Autoimmunerkrankungen wie Multiple Sklerose und rheumatoide Arthritis einhergeht. Zusätzlich wurde gezeigt, dass eine Vitamin-D-Supplementierung die Schubrate bei Multipler Sklerose, die Krankheitsaktivität bei systemischem Lupus erythematodes und die Entzündungsreaktionen bei juveniler idiopathischer Arthritis positiv beeinflussen könnte. Weitere Studien zur Dosierung und Langzeiteffekten werden jedoch benötigt, um die therapeutische Wirksamkeit besser zu verstehen.
Das Long-QT-Syndrom: Unerkannte Gefahr bei ambulanten Operationen mit Tumeszenz-Lokalanästhesie oder wann ist auch eine verdünnte Lokalanästhesie ausreichend?
Authors: Hartmann Karsten
Published: February 2025

Das Long-QT-Syndrom (LQTS) ist eine oft unerkannte Herzerkrankung, die durch eine verlängerte QT-Zeit im EKG charakterisiert ist. Diese kann Herzrhythmusstörungen wie Torsade-de-Pointes-Tachykardien auslösen, die potenziell lebensbedrohlich sind. Das Syndrom tritt angeboren durch genetische Defekte oder erworben auf, beispielsweise durch Medikamente wie Antiarrhythmika, Antidepressiva, Antibiotika oder durch Narkosemittel wie Propofol.

Adrenalin birgt bei LQTS-Patienten ein erhöhtes Risiko für Arrhythmien. Im ambulanten Setting bei kürzeren Operationen wie Venenbehandlungen kann der Verzicht auf Adrenalin die Sicherheit erhöhen. Dabei ist eine angepasste Anwendung von Lokalanästhetika erforderlich, um rechtliche und medizinische Risiken zu minimieren.
Practitioners’ perceived risks to biodiversity from renewable energy expansion through 2050
Authors: Condon Daphne , Scott Tyler A. , Smith Adam B. , Morelli Toni Lyn , Ashraf Uzma , Mojica Alex , Chittanuru Hrithika , Luu Rachel , Bear Rae , Hernandez Rebecca R.
Published: February 2025

Large-scale (e.g., > 1 megawatt capacity) wind and solar energy (hereafter, LSWS) developments are increasing to aid decarbonization. However, LSWS can also negatively affect biodiversity. Planners and other interested parties’ perceptions about the impact of LSWS on biodiversity will thus affect how trade-offs are managed during planning and buildout. We present a survey of professionals (n = 116) working at the intersection of LSWS and biodiversity protection across the United States concerning: (1) perceived environmental impacts from LSWS expansion; and (2) how these impacts compare to other land-use and land-cover change drivers. We find that practitioners perceive LSWS to impact biodiversity negatively but less so than other land-cover change drivers, including fossil fuels and agriculture. This highlights the need for increased attention to the role of practitioners in advancing renewable energy and biodiversity conservation.
Nonlinear optics at epsilon near zero: From origins to new materials
Authors: Fomra Dhruv , Ball Adam , Saha Samprity , Wu Jingwei , Sojib Md. , Agrawal Amit , Lezec Henri J. , Kinsey Nathaniel
Published: February 2025

In the continuously evolving realm of nonlinear optics, epsilon near zero (ENZ) materials have captured significant scientific interest, becoming a compelling focal point over the past decade. During this time, researchers have shown extraordinary demonstrations of nonlinear processes such as unity order index change via intensity dependent refractive index, enhanced second harmonic generation, saturable absorption in ultra-thin films and more recently, frequency shifting via time modulation of permittivity. More recently, remarkable strides have also been made in uncovering the intricacies of ENZ materials' nonlinear optical behavior. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the various types of nonlinearities commonly observed in these systems, with a focus on Drude based homogenous materials. By categorizing the enhancement into intrinsic and extrinsic factors, it provides a framework to compare the nonlinearity of ENZ media with other nonlinear media. The review emphasizes that while ENZ materials may not significantly surpass the nonlinear capabilities of traditional materials, either in terms of fast or slow nonlinearity, they do offer distinct advantages. These advantages encompass an optimal response time, inherent enhancement of slow light effects, and a broadband characteristic, all encapsulated in a thin film that can be purchased off-the shelf. The review further builds upon this framework and not only identifies key properties of transparent conducting oxides that have so far made them ideal test beds for ENZ nonlinearities, but also brings to light alternate material systems, such as perovskite oxides, that could potentially outperform them. We conclude by reviewing the upcoming concepts of time varying physics with ENZ media and outline key points the research community is working toward.
The viscoelasticity of high concentration monoclonal antibodies using particle tracking microrheology
Authors: Lewis Conor M. , Heise Charles T. , Harasimiuk Natalia , Tovey Jennifer , Lu Jian R. , Waigh Thomas A.
Published: February 2025

The viscoelasticity of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is important during their production, formulation, and drug delivery. High concentration mAbs can provide higher efficacy therapeutics (e.g., during immunotherapy) and improved efficiency during their production (economy of scale during processing). Two humanized mAbs were studied (mAb-1 and mAb-2) with differing isoelectric points. Using high speed particle tracking microrheology, we demonstrated that the mAb solutions have significant viscoelasticities above concentrations of 40 mg/ml. Power law viscoelasticity was observed over the range of time scales (10−4–1 s) probed for the high concentration mAb suspensions. The terminal viscosity demonstrated an exponential dependence on mAb concentration (a modified Mooney relationship) as expected for charged stabilized Brownian colloids. Gelation of the mAbs was explored by lowering the pH of the buffer and a power law scaling of the gelation transition was observed, i.e., the exponent of the anomalous diffusion of the probe particles scaled inversely with the gelation time.
Viscous and elastic Rayleigh–Taylor instability at a dynamic interface in cylindrical geometry
Authors: Wang Y. W. , Han H. , Sun Y. B. , Zeng R. H.
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we apply the potential flow theory to study the Rayleigh–Taylor instability at an imploding interface associated with the Bell–Plesset effects in the cylindrical geometry. The coupled equations to describe the motion of the interface are numerically solved to understand how the physical properties of the external medium and the driving pressure affect its instability. Generally, the viscosity inhibits the interfacial motion. With higher viscosity, namely, smaller Re, the acceleration of interfacial motion is particularly inhibited, while the radius and velocity is slightly suppressed, leading to the amplitude for all modes being slowed down uniformly. On the contrary, the radius possesses pure oscillations with the presence of elasticity. For the perturbed amplitudes in the linear regime, the larger modes are accompanied by the higher frequency of oscillation but the smaller amplitude. In addition, there is a single mode that excites the largest perturbation in the elastic phase, and the perturbation is significantly suppressed when the mode is sufficiently large. Smaller values of driven pressure cause the faster rate of decay, and the perturbation will be more easily suppressed at the lower modes. When the pressure is large enough, the perturbation grows rapidly with increasing modes and is difficult to be suppressed. The above conclusions provide a deeper understanding of the mechanistic interactions between material properties and dynamic stability in high energy density physics.
Lithium batteries health state prediction method based on TCN-GRU-Attention fusion model with multi-source charging information
Authors: Liu Yong , Lai Sangyu , Mai Yunqiang , Zhang Wencan , He Hancheng
Published: February 2025

Lithium-ion batteries inevitably experience a decline in State of Health (SOH) due to prolonged use, and continued operation increases safety risks. Therefore, it is essential to develop models that can accurately predict SOH. Cyclic aging experiments are initially conducted on lithium batteries using a self-built experimental platform to collect data on charging voltage and temperature aging. A multi-channel temporal convolutional neural network is employed to perform feature extraction on the multi-source data, preserving the dependencies of the features over time. The multi-channel input enables the neural network to capture degradation features simultaneously, enhancing its ability to characterize the degradation of lithium batteries at any moment. SOH prediction is then carried out using a combination of Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) and Self-Attention (SA) mechanism. The SA ensures prediction accuracy by calculating the weight distribution of the multi-channel features, allowing the GRU to focus on the most significant aspects of the data. Finally, the prediction model proposed in this study is compared with the traditional Long Short-Term Memory model, the encoder model, and the fusion model. The results show that although the accuracy of the encoder model is similar to that of some fusion models, the prediction accuracy is still lower than that of the model proposed in this study. Compared with other fusion models, the mean absolute error of the proposed prediction model is reduced by more than 29% on average, and the root mean square error is reduced by at least 20% on average.
On the turbulent friction and the near wall structure of pipe flows
Authors: Anbarlooei H. R. , Celis G. E. O. , Santos C. M. M. , Cruz D. O. A.
Published: February 2025

Modeling frictional energy losses in turbulent fluid flow often relies on the logarithmic or power-law velocity profiles as definitive representations; however, both approaches have limitations. The power-law model fails at high Reynolds numbers (beyond the Blasius range), while the logarithmic model suffers from uncertainties in its constants, leaving critical questions unresolved. This work analyzes the asymptotic structure of near-wall turbulent flow using scale analysis equations, revealing that the mesolayer is an intrinsic component of the near-wall turbulent regime. By incorporating near-wall dissipative scales, a new formulation is proposed that combines the moderate Reynolds number power-law (Blasius equation) with the high Reynolds number expression. The resulting friction equation demonstrates excellent agreement with experimental data, offering a unified perspective on turbulent flow across a broad range of Reynolds numbers.
Unitary vibrational coupled cluster: General theory and implementation
Authors: Jensen Rasmus Berg , Christiansen Ove
Published: February 2025

Along with the surge in interest in quantum computing, interest in the unitary coupled cluster (UCC) Ansatz has reemerged. Although extensively studied within electronic structure theory, the UCC Ansatz remains relatively unexplored for the problem of molecular vibrations. In this contribution, working equations for the unitary vibrational coupled cluster (UVCC) Ansatz are derived, implemented, and benchmarked. Accuracy and convergence of state-specific excitation energies toward the full vibrational configuration interaction (FVCI) limit are observed to be comparable to vibrational coupled cluster theory. In addition, the overlap of a truncated UVCC state with the FVCI state is shown to exhibit some interesting properties from the perspective of fault-tolerant quantum computing.
Assessing left ventricular pump function using an immersed boundary method combined with finite elements
Authors: Gao Hao , Guan Debao , Villard Pierre-Frédéric
Published: February 2025

In this study, we describe a model of the human left ventricle (LV) that uses a hybrid immersed boundary–finite element method. The LV model is derived from clinical cardiac magnetic resonance images and completed with the inflow and outflow tracts. The model simulates LV dynamics with fully coupled fluid–structure interaction. Model parameters are estimated by matching the model’s predictions to the measured volume and strains of the LV at end-diastole and end-systole. The detailed LV dynamics predicted by the model are in good agreement with in vivo measurements. We further assess the effects of diastolic aortic pressure and intracellular Ca2+ transients on LV pump function. Our results show that an increase in diastolic aortic pressure reduces LV pump function, while intracellular Ca2+ transients play an essential role in regulating LV pump function: higher levels of the Ca2+ transients or longer decay times can lead to a larger stroke volume. We conclude that this imaged-based modeling approach has the potential to advance personalized medicine.
A data-physical dual-driven surrogate model for reservoir simulation
Authors: Zeng Tao , Zeng Nannuo , Deng Chuanzhong , Lin Botao
Published: February 2025

The construction of seepage surrogate models is the frontier of simulation technology research for oil and gas reservoirs. However, the currently widely used pure data-driven seepage surrogate models have no theoretical support and require high data volume and data quality, which greatly limits the development of seepage surrogate models. Therefore, a dual-driven seepage proxy model integrating data-driven and physical-driven is proposed. Based on the pure data-driven seepage surrogate model, it integrates the seepage theory to simulate and predict the oil and gas seepage process. The results show that, compared with the pure data-driven model, even if the training data are extremely sparse, the dual-driven seepage surrogate model can still maintain high prediction accuracy. Second, the robustness of the dual-driven model is explored by adding different levels of noise interference to the training data, and it is verified that it is better than the pure data-driven seepage surrogate model. Finally, through transfer learning, the trained dual-driven seepage surrogate model is applied to the new seepage field, and the model can achieve rapid convergence and save computing resources.
A site-selection multi-element co-doping strategy in three-layered bismuth-based layered perovskite-like structure ferroelectrics leads to large energy storage capability
Authors: Zhang Y. , Song D. P. , Lei Y. , Zhu H. N. , Yang J.
Published: February 2025

Improving the energy storage density of dielectric capacitors, which are widely used in power electronic devices, is a continuous challenge. In this work, a site-selection multi-element co-doping strategy was used by doping Pr atoms at the A-site and then doping Mn atoms at the B-site in bismuth-based layered perovskite-like structure prototype ferroelectrics Bi4Ti3O12 due to its large polarization and high Curie temperature. On the one hand, the substitution of Bi3+ with Pr3+ at the A-site introduces significant cation disorder, which disrupts the long-range ferroelectric order, consequently leading to a reduction in remnant polarization. On the other hand, the substitution of Ti4+ by Mn4+ at the B-site results in delayed polarization saturation due to the different electronic configurations between d3 Mn4+ and d0 Ti4+. In addition, the leakage current of the thin film exhibits a continuous decrease with doping concentration, which can be attributed to microstructural modifications including reduced grain size and the formation of amorphous regions, consequently leading to an enhanced breakdown field. Finally, a recoverable energy storage density of 42.1 J cm−3 and an efficiency of 69.9% were obtained for the BPT film, and a recoverable energy storage density of 81.8 J cm−3 and an efficiency of 73% were achieved in the BPTM film. The enhanced energy storage density can be attributed to the synergistic effect of co-doping of A- and B-sites on polarization and breakdown. Besides, the doped films have excellent frequency, temperature, and cycling stability. This work provides a guide to substantially enhance dielectric energy storage by a site-selection multi-element co-doping strategy.
Enhanced capillary-driven flow in closed hierarchical microchannels
Authors: Kumar Gaurav , Nagayama Gyoko
Published: February 2025

Inspired by nature, biomimetic surfaces have shown remarkable potential in enhancing capillary-driven flow through hierarchical microscale and nanoscale structures. However, the Lucas–Washburn equation falls short in accurately describing flow behavior within hierarchical microchannels, which consist of interconnected major and minor channels. This study employs numerical simulations using the Volume of Fluid method in OpenFOAM to investigate capillary-driven flow in closed hierarchical microchannels with an optimal aspect ratio of 2 in the major channels. Our results indicate that the Lucas–Washburn equation is not applicable to the flow within closed hierarchical microchannel. The ribs of minor channels lead to meniscus elongation, which may potentially enhance liquid transport. An aspect ratio of 10 in the minor channels increases imbibition rates, achieving up to a 12% improvement over nonhierarchical channels. Furthermore, increasing the number of minor channels or ribs at a constant hydraulic diameter further augments imbibition rates in both major and minor channels. These findings provide critical insights into hierarchical channel flow dynamics and offer valuable guidance for the design of efficient capillary-based microfluidic systems.
Q&A: Historian of science Jahnavi Phalkey starts a museum
Authors: Feder Toni
Published: February 2025

The founding director at Science Gallery Bengaluru in India aims to “bring science back into the culture.”
Understanding the role of patient communication protocols in sexually transmissible infections point-of-care testing among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in remote communities: a qualitative study
Authors: Monaghan Robert , Causer Louise , Ward James , Hengel Belinda , Smith Kirsty , Andrewartha Kelly , Fairley Christopher , Maher Lisa , Mak Donna , White Caitlyn , Leonard Jessica , Guy Rebecca , Lafferty Lise
Published: February 2025

Background Untreated sexually transmissible infections (STIs) such as Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae can lead to serious health issues, including pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility in women, increased HIV risk, and emotional distress. Timely testing and treatment are crucial for reducing transmission. Australia’s STI Management Guidelines recommend regular STI testing every 6–12 months for sexually active individuals aged 15–35 years in high-prevalence, remote areas. However, testing uptake remains low among young Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. This analysis explores how healthcare providers engage Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in STI testing using point-of-care (POC) diagnostics. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with trained STI POC testing operators within the Test Treat ANd GO (TTANGO2) project. Seven clinics involved in TTANGO2 were selected for their ‘high’ and ‘low’ implementation of STI POC testing. Purposive sampling was used to recruit similar personnel from each of the selected clinics. Coding was informed by a patient communication protocol lens. Results Twenty healthcare personnel, including Aboriginal Health Workers/Practitioners (n = 8), Registered Nurses (n = 7), Coordinators (n = 2), and Clinical/Practice Managers (n = 3) participated. Key themes related to implementing STI POC testing focused on different stages of identified patient communication protocols, such as offering tests, providing follow-up results, and contact tracing. Concerns about shame and confidentiality were significant factors affecting patient communication protocols throughout the process. Conclusions Normalising sexual health discussions in healthcare settings helps reduce feelings of shame and stigma, further encouraging patient participation in sexual health services. Ensuring patient safety and offering culturally appropriate explanations of STI POC testing are essential to reduce barriers, such as shame and stigma. Culturally safe practices can increase patient engagement and provide opportunities for health education. Integrating STI POC testing into routine health care can help normalise testing and boost uptake. However, same-day results may still require patient follow-up to maintain confidentiality. Addressing external factors, such as accessibility, confidentiality, stigma reduction, and community engagement, is crucial for improving STI testing services.
High-resolution structures of Myosin-IC reveal a unique actin-binding orientation, ADP release pathway, and power stroke trajectory
Authors: Chavali Sai Shashank , Carman Peter J. , Shuman Henry , Ostap E. Michael , Sindelar Charles V.
Published: February 2025

Myosin-IC (myo1c) is a class-I myosin that supports transport and remodeling of the plasma membrane and membrane-bound vesicles. Like other members of the myosin family, its biochemical kinetics are altered in response to changes in mechanical loads that resist the power stroke. However, myo1c is unique in that the primary force-sensitive kinetic transition is the isomerization that follows ATP binding, not ADP release as in other slow myosins. Myo1c also powers actin gliding along curved paths, propelling actin filaments in leftward circles. To understand the origins of this unique force-sensing and motile behavior, we solved actin-bound myo1c cryo-EM structures in the presence and absence of ADP. Our structures reveal that in contrast with other myosins, the myo1c lever arm swing is skewed, partly due to a different actin interface that reorients the motor domain on actin. The structures also reveal unique nucleotide-dependent behavior of both the nucleotide pocket as well as an element called the N-terminal extension (NTE). We incorporate these observations into a model that explains why force primarily regulates ATP binding in myo1c, rather than ADP release as in other myosins. Integrating our cryo-EM data with available crystallography structures allows the modeling of full-length myo1c during force generation, supplying insights into its role in membrane remodeling. These results highlight how relatively minor sequence differences in members of the myosin superfamily can significantly alter power stroke geometry and force-sensing properties, with important implications for biological function.
Functional mapping of the molluscan brain guided by synchrotron X-ray tomography
Authors: Crossley Michael , Simon Anna , Marathe Shashidhara , Rau Christoph , Roth Arnd , Marra Vincenzo , Staras Kevin
Published: February 2025

Molluscan brains are composed of morphologically consistent and functionally interrogable neurons, offering rich opportunities for understanding how neural circuits drive behavior. Nonetheless, detailed component-level CNS maps are often lacking, total neuron numbers are unknown, and organizational principles remain poorly defined, limiting a full and systematic characterization of circuit operation. Here, we establish an accessible, generalizable approach, harnessing synchrotron X-ray tomography, to rapidly determine the three-dimensional structure of the multimillimeter-scale CNS of
Lymnaea
. Focusing on the feeding ganglia, we generate a full neuron-level reconstruction, revealing key design principles and revising cell count estimates upward threefold. Our atlas uncovers the superficial but also nonsuperficial ganglionic architecture, reveals the cell organization in normally hidden regions—ganglionic “dark sides”—and details features of single-neuron morphology, together guiding targeted follow-up functional investigation based on intracellular recordings. Using this approach, we identify three pivotal neuron classes: a command-like food-signaling cell type, a feeding central pattern generator interneuron, and a unique behavior-specific motoneuron, together significantly advancing understanding of the function of this classical control circuit. Combining our morphological and electrophysiological data, we also establish a functional CNS atlas in
Lymnaea
as a shared and scalable resource for the research community. Our approach enables the rapid construction of cell atlases in large-scale nervous systems, with key relevance to functional circuit interrogation in a diverse range of model organisms.
Wavelength-selective security device with versatile image representation in a liquid crystal-based striped metasurface
Authors: Yu Jeong-Seon , Kim Yong-Hae , Hwang Chi-Sun , Kim Jong-Hyun
Published: February 2025

We introduce a novel method for generating arbitrary images using a striped antenna-type plasmonic metasurface integrated with liquid crystals. Unlike conventional approaches that rely on complex nanostructure design, this method does not require the design or fabrication of specific nanostructures tailored to individual images. The proposed metasurface features a striped structure with 16 distinct reflection characteristics, where plasmonic responses are selectively activated based on the polarization of the incident light. By controlling the polarization states via liquid crystals, the desired images can be realized with high flexibility. Additionally, the polarization- and wavelength-dependent reflection properties of these liquid crystal-based metasurfaces make them suitable for applications such as wavelength-selective security devices. This approach is expected to simplify the manufacturing process of optical devices utilizing metasurfaces and enable broader applications in dynamic and reconfigurable photonic technologies.
Hybrid halide perovskite quantum dots for optoelectronics applications: Recent progress and perspective
Authors: Suhail Atif , Beniwal Shivang , Kumar Ramesh , Kumar Anjali , Bag Monojit
Published: February 2025

Nanotechnology has transformed optoelectronics through quantum dots (QDs), particularly metal halide perovskite QDs. Perovskite QDs boast high photoluminescent quantum yield, tuneable emission, and excellent defect tolerance without extensive passivation. Quantum confinement effects, which refer to the phenomenon where the motion of charge carriers is restricted to a small region, produce discrete energy levels and blue shifts in these materials. They are ideal for next-generation optoelectronic devices prized for superior optical properties, low cost, and straightforward synthesis. In this review, along with the fundamental physics behind the phenomenon, we have covered advances in synthesis methods such as hot injection, ligand-assisted reprecipitation, ultrasonication, solvothermal, and microwave-assisted that enable precise control over size, shape, and stability, enhancing their suitability for LEDs, lasers, and photodetectors. Challenges include lead toxicity and cost, necessitating research into alternative materials and scalable manufacturing. Furthermore, strategies like doping and surface passivation that improve stability and emission control are discussed comprehensively, and how Lead halide perovskites like CsPbBr3 undergo phase transitions with temperature, impacting device performance, are also investigated. We have explored various characterization techniques, providing insights into nanocrystal properties and behaviors in our study. This review highlights perovskite QDs' synthesis, physical and optoelectronic properties, and potential applications across diverse technologies.
A dual-channel transferable model for cross-domain remaining useful life prediction of rolling bearings under uncertainty
Authors: Guo Junyu , song yuhang , Wang Zhiyuan , Chen Qingsong
Published: February 2025

Accurate prediction of the remaining useful life (RUL) of rolling bearings is a challenging task due to the complexity of time series data, inherent uncertainty in predictions, and domain shift between source and target datasets. To address these challenges, a parallel deep learning framework is proposed that integrates transfer learning and uncertainty quantification for RUL prediction. The framework combines AlexNet with the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) and Transformer with a gated convolutional unit (GCU) to effectively extract degradation features from time series data. Additionally, Bayesian optimization is employed for hyperparameter tuning, reducing the need for manual adjustments, while a domain adaptation module addresses distribution differences between the source and target domains. Variational inference methods extend the model to a Bayesian deep neural network, providing confidence intervals for uncertainty quantification in RUL predictions. Experimental results on two rolling bearing datasets demonstrate that the proposed CANN-GT-BDA model outperforms state-of-the-art models in terms of predictive accuracy, offering a reliable and uncertainty-aware solution for industrial predictive maintenance.
Accelerating Hasegawa-Wakatani simulations with machine learning for out-of-distribution predictions
Authors: Artigues Victor , Greif Robin , Jenko Frank
Published: February 2025

Simulating plasma turbulence presents significant computational challenges due to the complex interplay of multi-scale dynamics. In this work, we investigate the use of convolutional neural networks to improve the efficiency of plasma turbulence simulations, focusing on the Hasegawa-Wakatani model. The networks are trained to learn the closure terms in large eddy simulations, providing a computationally cheaper alternative to the high-resolution numerical solvers for capturing the effects of high-frequency components. This study is the first to successfully apply machine learning to predict plasma behavior for adiabatic coefficients beyond the training range for the Hasegawa-Wakatani equations. We generate ground truth simulations for three values of the adiabatic coefficient ($C\in\{0.2, 1.0, 5.0\}$), and train our models on one, or two. The evaluation is then performed on the remaining values. The models generalize well and accurately predict the particle flux up to a factor $5$ outside the training range. Finally, we address a key challenge in machine-learning-accelerated plasma simulations—initialization—by starting simulations for previously unseen adiabatic coefficients $C$ with states from existing simulations at other known $C$ values. This approach removes the need for expensive direct numerical simulations for initialization while maintaining physical accuracy and a fast convergence rate. Overall, the results highlight the model's strong generalization capabilities and its potential for accelerating plasma turbulence simulations with more complex sets of parameters.
Calibration and signal processing methods used for densityprofile measurements from the developed FMCW Reflectometrysystem for Aditya-U tokamak.
Authors: Buch Janmejay Umeshbhai , Pathak Surya Kumar
Published: February 2025

FMCW reflectometry for measuring edge density profiles in two channels operating in 18-28 GHzand 26-40 GHz frequency ranges have been established at IPR. The reflectometer was operated inO-Mode with its horn antennae placed outside the vacuum vessel. The diagnostic was calibrated inlaboratory and also verified in-situ. A signal processing algorithm was developed to filter the noiseand frequencies other than those due to the plasma. An algorithm to remove amplitude variationsis used on the raw baseband signal after which the group delay is estimated using the spectrogramtechnique. Bottolier-Curtet method is used for profile inversion after correcting the measured groupdelay for contributions to it other than plasma. First ever measurements of edge density profiles onAditya-U tokamak are presented which show qualitative agreement with microwave Interferometerdiagnostic results.
Three-body electron attachment in humid air
Authors: Vialetto Luca , Hara Kentaro
Published: February 2025

Three-body attachment plays an important role in dry and humid air, in which O2 and H2O are considered as a third body. This work reports quantitative validation of Monte Carlo simulations against recent experiments [J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 57, 125205 (2023)] for attachment processes due to slow electrons in humid air for a wide range of H2O mole fractions from 2% to 50%. The simulation results are in excellent agreement with measurements of density-normalized attachment coefficients in pulsed Townsend experiments, when Taniguchi's cross sections are used for three-body electron attachment. It is found from the Monte Carlo simulations that the magnitude of cross sections for electron attachment with H2O as a third body is a factor 7 higher in magnitude than the one for O2. This validation supports the use of Taniguchi's cross section for three-body electron attachment with O2 and H2O, within the Biagi's cross sections for air and H2O, for quantitative calculations of electron attachment in humid air.
Similarity laws of low pressure inductively coupled discharges based on PIC/MCC simulations
Authors: Wen Hui , Schulze Julian , Fu Yangyang , Sun Jing-Yu , Zhang Quan-Zhi
Published: February 2025

A two-dimensional implicit particle-in-cell model is applied for exploring the plasma behavior and similarity laws (SLs) for low pressure inductive radio frequency plasmas. The applicability of the SLs in such discharges is examined for various plasma parameters, including electric field, electron density, electron temperature, electron current density, and electron power density distributions. The results indicate that the discharge characteristics strictly follow similarity relations in geometrically similar systems in low ionization degree ICP discharges at low pressure. Even under conditions where the anomalous skin effect caused by electron inertia and nonlocal transportation exist, the electron kinetics in compared systems remain invariant.
Advanced dual inter-bridge high-k spacer integration for performance enhancement in TreeFETs with sub-10nm channel lengths
Authors: Mounika S , Nanda Umakanta
Published: February 2025

This study presents an innovative Dual Inter-Bridge (DIB) high-k spacer integration in TreeFET, demonstrating enhanced DC and analog/RF performance for sub-10 nm channel lengths. The proposed device features a DIB TreeFET structure with dimensions of 15 nm in width (WNS) and 5 nm in thickness (TNS), along with dual Inter Bridges measuring 25 nm in height (HIB) and 5 nm in width (WIB). Simulations performed using Sentaurus TCAD reveal that the TreeFET achieves a remarkable ION/IOFF ratio of 108, an ION current in the range of 10−5 A and an IOFF current of 10−13 A. The device exhibits a subthreshold swing (SS) of 60.4 mV/decade, attributable to fringing fields in the high-k spacer and DIB design, which enhance electrostatic control and electron mobility in the channel region. A comparative analysis of various spacer materials like HfO2, Si3N4, and SiO2 at varying spacer lengths demonstrates the superiority of HfO2 due to its exceptional dielectric properties, leading to optimized electrostatic control and minimizedleakage currents. Furthermore, the study examines the impact of gate length variations on device performance, underscoring the scalability of TreeFET in compliance with Moore’s law. The findings highlight the potential of the DIB TreeFET structure as a viable solution for future high-performance, ultra-scaled devices in advanced semiconductor technologies.
Interaction wave solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional Fokas-Lenells equation
Authors: Guan Yaxin , Li Xinyue , Zhao Qiulan
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we investigate the interaction wave solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional Fokas-Lenells equation. These localized wave solutions contain solitons, degenerate solitons, lumps and lump chains. Wefocus on mixed solutions including solitons and degenerate solitons, lumps，and lump chains. The effective method we use to obtain the above solutions is generalized $(n, M)$-fold Darboux transformation. The characteristics and properties of these solutions are discussed analytically and graphically. These solutions can change the strength of the interactions by adjusting parameters and preserve their own properties throughout the interaction process.
Proximal Policy Optimization in Event-Triggered Resource Efficient Communications for Dynamic Platoon Maneuvers
Authors: Muntimadugu Kezia , K V Anusuya
Published: February 2025

Abstract—In modern transportation systems, dynamic platooning is a promising approach that leverages adaptable vehicle formations to optimize traffic flow and fuel efficiency. However, reliance on periodic broadcasts to preserve string stability during platoon maneuvers poses a challenge, demanding substantial resources within a constrained spectrum. This paper presents a novel event-triggered approach using Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) in Reinforcement Learning (RL), specifically designed for dynamic autonomous vehicular platoons on highways and urban roads. In this innovative approach, the first vehicle in the platoon triggers communication instances intelligently only when platoon speed variations threaten string stability. Furthermore, this approach introduces a categorization system that distinguishes the safety and non-safety messages for triggered events, ensuring prioritized transmission. Simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of the trained Platoon Leader (PL) in maintaining string stability, even amidst comprehensive platoon dynamics, achieved through a reduced waiting time for safety messages in the buffer. The cost-benefit analysis of the proposed method demonstrates improved road space utilization, reduced fuel consumption, and a decrease in collisions, addressing critical challenges in modern transportation systems.
Enhanced electronic and photoelectrical properties in two-dimensional Zn-doped SnS2
Authors: Chuai Xichen , Yin Peng , Wang Jiawei , Yang Guanhua , Lu Congyan , Geng Di , Li Ling , Liu Can , Wei Zhongming , Lu Nianduan
Published: February 2025

Alloy engineering, with its ability to tune the electronic band structure, is regarded as an effective method for adjusting the electronic and optoelectronic properties of two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors. However, synthesizing metal-site substitution alloys remains challenging due to the low reactivity of metal precursors and the tendency for spatial phase separation during high-temperature growth. Here, we report the preparation of a high-quality metal-site substitution alloy, Zn0.167Sn0.833S2, via the chemical vapor transport method, which exhibits excellent photoresponsivity and enhanced electrical transport properties. Comprehensive characterization techniques, including Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electron microscopy, unambiguously confirm the uniform Zn substitution in the as-prepared Zn0.167Sn0.833S2 alloy. Furthermore, the photodetector based on the Zn0.167Sn0.833S2 alloy demonstrated a high on/off ratio of 51 under white light, a wide spectral response range from 350 nm to 900 nm, and a broad dynamic power range of 80 dB under 638 nm illumination. In terms of transport properties, field-effect transistors (FETs) based on Zn0.167Sn0.833S2 achieved a carrier mobility of 6.5 cm2 V-1 s-1, which is six times higher than that of SnS2. This alloy semiconductor showcases significantly enhanced electronic and optoelectronic properties, offering great potential for the development of high-resolution photodetection technologies.
Thermodynamics of Schwarzschild-AdS black hole in non-commutative geometry
Authors: Wang Rui-Bo , Ma Shi-Jie , You Lei , Deng Jian-Bo , Hu Xian-Ru
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we study the thermodynamics of Schwarzschild-anti-de Sitter black holes within the framework of non-commutative geometry. By solving the Einstein's equations, we derive the corrected Schwarzschild-AdS black hole with Lorentzian distribution and analyze the thermodynamics. Our results confirm that if the energy-momentum tensor outside the event horizon is related to the mass of the black hole, the conventional first law of thermodynamics will be violated. The study of criticality reveals that the black hole undergoes a small black hole-large black hole phase transition similar to that of the Van der Waals system, with a critical point and a critical ratio slightly smaller than that of the Van der Waals fluid. As the non-commutative parameter increases, the phase transition process shortens, leading to a critical point, and ultimately to the disappearance of the phase transition. The violation of the conventional first law results in a discontinuity of the Gibbs free energy during the phase transition, indicating the occurrence of zeroth-order phase transition. Moreover, we investigate the Joule-Thomson expansion, obtaining the minimum inversion temperature and the minimum inversion mass.
Long-range correlations with finite-size effects from a superposition of uncorrelated pulses with power-law distributed durations
Authors: Korzeniowska M A , Garcia O E
Published: February 2025

Long-range correlations manifested as power spectral density scaling

1

/

f
β

for frequency f and a range of exponents β are investigated for a superposition of uncorrelated pulses with distributed durations τ. Closed-form expressions for the frequency power spectral density are derived for a one-sided exponential pulse function and several variants of bounded and unbounded power-law distributions of pulse durations

P
τ

(
τ
)
∼
1

/

τ
α

with abrupt and smooth cutoffs. The asymptotic scaling relation

β
=
3
−
α

is demonstrated for

1
<
α
<
3

in the limit of an infinitely broad distribution

P
τ

(
τ
)

. Logarithmic corrections to the frequency scaling are exposed at the boundaries of the long-range dependence regime, β = 0 and β = 2. Analytically demonstrated finite-size effects associated with distribution truncations are shown to reduce the frequency ranges of scale invariance by several decades. The regimes of validity of the

β
=
3
−
α

relation are clarified.
MNEGC: an improved gravity centrality based on node multi-features and network embedding for identifying influential nodes in complex networks
Authors: Lu Pengli , Sun LiHui
Published: February 2025

Identifying influential nodes in complex networks is a highly regarded and challenging problem. The use of gravity models to identify influential nodes has sparked research interest among scholars. However, existing gravity models mostly consider only limited dimensions of nodes and the shortest distance between nodes, which often leads to inaccurate identification. To overcome this problem, we propose a gravity centrality based on node multi-features and network embedding (MNEGC) for identifying key nodes. Firstly, we define the third generalized energy based on the generalized matrix, simultaneously considering the neighborhood coreness and clustering coefficient of nodes, and combining these three metrics to use as the mass of the nodes. Secondly, the Node2vec algorithm is utilized to map the nodes into a low-dimensional vector space and calculate the Euclidean distance between nodes. Finally, the score of the nodes is calculated using the new gravity model. We conduct comparative experiments by comparing the MNEGC algorithm with four gravity models and five state-of-the-art algorithms on nine networks. The experimental results suggest that MNEGC excels in ranking accuracy, monotonicity, imprecision function and precision in identifying the top-10 nodes.
Two-photon polymerization of miniaturized 3D scaffolds optimized for studies on glioblastoma multiforme in spaceflight-like microgravity conditions
Authors: Genchi Giada Graziana , Conci Claudio , Şen Özlem , Nardini Alessandra , Bartolucci Martina , Marino Attilio , Martinez Vazquez Rebeca , Cerullo Giulio , Osellame Roberto , Petretto Andrea , Raimondi Manuela Teresa , Ciofani Gianni
Published: February 2025

The obtainment of innovative models recalling complex tumour architectures and activities in vitro is a challenging drive in the understanding of pathology molecular bases, yet a crucial passage to the identification of targets for advanced oncotherapy. Cell environment recapitulation by 3D scaffolding and gravitational unloading of cell cultures represent powerful means in tumour biomimicry process, but their simultaneous adoption has consistently been explored only in the latest decade. Here, an unprecedented bioengineering approach capitalizing on spaceflight biology practice is proposed for modelling of glioblastoma multiforme, a highly aggressive neoplasm that affects the central nervous system and that has poorly effective pharmacological and radiological countermeasures. Tumour modelling was pursued by the original implementation of two-photon polymerization in fast prototyping of 3D scaffolds on flexible substrates for U87-MG glioma cell culture, and by the exposure of cell-laden scaffolds to simulated microgravity (s-µg). Realistic spaceflight conditions were applied to collect preliminary information suitable to testing of U87-MG cell-laden scaffold in low Earth orbit. Response of glioma cells anchored to 3D scaffolds was investigated by microscopy, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and proteomic analyses, revealing synergic regulatory effects of cell scaffolding and s-µg on markers of tumour cell growth, metabolism and invasiveness.
Multiband dielectric metasurface in sandwiched scheme fashioned in the visible range
Authors: Gu Xin , Li Jiaqi , Liang Zhouxin , Lin Yuhang , Chen Yujie
Published: February 2025

A multi-resonance-supported multiband device is proposed. Multi-resonance is typically achieved by combining metal with dielectric nanostructures or by using multiple nanostructures formatting a supercell with optimized geometries (size, period, and/or gap) to support various resonances. In this study, we investigate how higher-order multipoles resonated by sandwich-shaped silicon-rich silicon nitride (SRN) metasurfaces embedded in silica cladding can promote multi-resonance in the visible spectrum, achieving nearly triple peaks at RGB (Red, Green, Blue) wavelengths. Such design enhances the structure integration, while the multi-resonant characteristics enable the metasurface to function as a multiband device with a reduced footprint. Through analytical and numerical analyses, we examine the effects of the metasurface's geometric shape, cladding, and sandwich-shaped nanodisks on resonance, providing design strategies for multi-resonant optical devices forwards multi-spectral imaging, optical sensing, and color displays.