bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Underlying Factors for Attitude Formation: Study on Secondary School Teachers
Authors: Basnet Hom Bahadur , Sherpa Dawa
Published: October 2020

Teachers’ roles are more significant in the students learning process. Thus, a teacher’s attitude towards teaching and his job satisfaction have a great impact upon students’ learning and their successes. Teacher’s attitude towards their job affects student’s achievements, student’s educational outcomes. This study aims to explore the underlying factor in attitude formation of secondary school teachers in Dolakha district. For this purpose, this study has designed the research question focused on what are the determining factors for attitude formation of secondary school teachers? In this context phenomenological research design enables me to explore the participants’ perceptions regarding their attitude formation towards their job. This study concluded that job security is a significant part for the attitude formation. If teachers are permanent in job nature his attitude towards his job and profession would be positive and if not, he would be negative. Only satisfied and motivated individuals perform the task well. Social values and judgement are the factors for attitude formation. The home access job and facilities of provident fund freedom of workplace create the positive attitude and absence of it make negative attitude.
Pedagogical Practice in Teaching - Learning Mathematics in Secondary in School Level
Authors: Pokharel Jagat Krishna
Published: October 2020

This article reflects about the effective and concrete learning of mathematics with the help of self-devised innovative activities, worksheets, project experiments and teaching aids. The present research shows if maximum participation of students is ensured -either in the mathematics laboratory activities or class room interactive questioning sessions like that of quiz- is really joyful learning of the subject. `Learning by doing` is very effective methodology in teaching learning process as the experience gained meticulously (Krockover, 1997). It remains permanently fixed in the minds of the children. Thus, innovative teaching aids and projects of mathematic laboratory plays a vital role in the conceptualization process. Some researchers emphasize on the children`s experience of school education that must be linked with the life outside the school. It brings joyful experience in the learning. Keeping this in mind, several opportunities are provided to students to construct their systematic knowledge by engaging them in activities, experiment, field visits, discussion with peers and teachers, group works, brainstorming sessions, collecting information from different sources, inquiring, listening, thinking and so on. The students are encouraged and allowed to share and explain their ideas and ask, pose and frame questions. Appropriate innovative tools and techniques are applied depending on the situation and requirement.
Learning Strategies and Learner Preferences
Authors: Khadka Krishna Kumari
Published: October 2020

Learning and teaching is a difficult job. Moreover, there are different ways of learning for all students. This article highlights how different learners learn in a different way, i.e. what different strategies they use in learning. All learners are different. And, this is more specifically based up on the students in that they have their own individual techniques in learning. We have rarely been able to address the individual variations in a class. Building on a survey study, this article emphasizes the fact that the techniques and learning strategies of the learners be addressed. For the purpose of the study, 50 students from a school of Lalitpur District were purposively selected and inquired via a questionnaire regarding the strategies they more preferred. They were form the secondary level. The article concludes that like other level learners, they also have various ways of doing the things during learning and this is to be understood by every teacher.
The Question of Transformation in the English Language Education Classroom
Authors: Sharma Netra Prasad
Published: October 2020

Have we transformed ourselves? The question that frequently arises in the discourse pertaining to the reintroduction of the semester system in the different faculties of Tribhuvan University has taken the shape of this paper that attempts to probe into the demeanour of both teachers and students in the English language education classrooms in the Kathmandu valley. The data collected through a brief survey of student opinions and informal discussion with concerned teachers portray the classroom scenarios that are difficult to differentiate from the ones that usually characterize the classrooms in the “annual system” of teaching and testing. This portrayal suggests the future course of action on the part of teachers and students both.
Curricular Issues in School Education: Critical Analysis of Understanding about the Implemented Curriculum
Authors: Mishra Nirmal Raj
Published: October 2020

This paper focus on exploring the curricular issues viz. subject matter, pedagogy and assessment process of implemented / taught curriculum in school education. Similarly, the teachers’ understandings are key areas to find out the issues in education that are guiding engine to operate schools’ education efficiently. During this study course, it adopted the descriptive as well as phenomenological methodology on the basis of educational literature, own experience and group discussion with selected teachers. The dilemma about curricular components has created the new discourse in school education today. Moreover, the challenges to improve the elaborated isueses are crucial problems for teachers in enhancing quality teaching learning skills
Disasters: Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Dhankuta District, Nepal
Authors: Linkha Tika Ram
Published: October 2020

This paper attempts to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution of disaster in Dhanktua district, Nepal. It provides information regarding when and where the disasters have mostly occurred in Dhankuta. Disaster can occur at any time at anywhere although every disaster has a temporal and spatial dimension which helps to predict the future events In this context, this paper provides the history and trend of disasters in Dhankuta. This paper is based on mostly secondary data extracted from the Ministry of Home Affairs, Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) Portal. To analyze this, mostly descriptive methods has been applied where the quantitative method also applied for the reflection of disaster data. Fire, landslide, heavy rainfall and thunderbolt were the major disasters that frequently occurred in this district during 2017-2019. It is found that fire incidents were frequently occurred in the month of March, the landslide in July, heavy rainfall in July and thunderbolt in April. It is interesting that, those years where the incidents of fire were higher the incidents of the landslide were low and vice versa and there is a positive relationship between landslide and heavy rainfall. This study will important to local levels and relevant agencies for disaster preparedness because the impact of the disaster is based on the level of preparedness. This analysis is based on limited data which covered 10 March 2017 to 31 December 2019. This study provides a new perspective in the field of disaster where temporal and spatial dimensions are considered.
Lektura szkolna ucznia z ASD. Na przykładzie W 80 dni dookoła świata Jules’a Verne’a
Authors: Balcerek Helena
Published: October 2020

The article discusses observations pertaining to one of the basic aims/objectives of education, namely: reception and analysis of a text read by students with ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder) at the 2nd stage of their education, as well as the form of abridgement of the text (based on the example of Jules Verne’s Around the World in Eighty Days) to suit the needs and capabilities of special-needs students. The conclusions presented herein result from pedagogical observations conducted during many years of a Polish-language teacher’s work focused on students with ASD in one of Warsaw’s elementary schools. They point to the necessity of individual facilitation of the entire process of reception, analysis, and interpretation of the text read in order to meet the needs and capabilities of a particular student-reader. Selection of suitable text and the abridgement thereof to the level of a child with developmental disorder classified as ASD, must take into account the preceding diagnosis and special educational needs mentioned in a psychological and pedagogical counselling centre’s medical opinion.
МАНУАЛЬНА ТЕРАПІЯ В ЛІКУВАННІ БОЛЬОВИХ РОЗЛАДІВ КРИЖОВО-КЛУБОВОГО СУГЛОБУ
Authors: Frank Sergii , Frank Michael , Frank George
Published: October 2020

Болі в структурах крижово-клубових суглобів і їх дисфункція становлять значну частину патологій попереково-крижового відділу хребта. Їх симптоматика різноманітна, бо вона пов’язана як із запальними процесами в самих суглобах, так і з нестабільністю суглобів та підтримуючих їх зв'язок. Всі складові цих структур можуть бути джерелом болю, тому й діагностувати та лікувати захворювання доволі складно. Лікування патологій крижово-клубових суглобів багатопланове. Дана публікація доводить, що мануальна терапія в поєднанні з ударно-хвильовою терапією дозволяє успішно надавати допомогу хворим із стійкими до лікування больовими синдромами та дисфункцією крижово-клубових суглобів, які не отримали бажаного результату при використанні традиційних методів консервативних та хірургічних втручань.
Behavioural Issues among Primary Schoolchildren with Colour Vision Deficiency
Authors: Nithiyaananthan PJ , Kaur Sharanjeet , Anne BT , Eliana AN , Mahadir A
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Colour vision deficiencies may raise behavioural changes among children. This study explores the presence of any behavioural issues faced by primary schoolchildren with congenital red-green colour vision deficiency (CRGCVD). Materials and Methods: Male schoolchildren, aged 8-11 years old, from 10 randomly selected schools in Klang Valley were screened using Ishihara plates and Farnsworth D-15 test. Children with CRGCVD (study group) and without CRGCVD (control group) were asked to complete the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) for children (self-report) while their class teachers completed the SDQ for teachers (teacher- report). Difficulty scores were calculated. The test categorised behaviour into 3 categories based on the difficulty scores into ‘normal’, ‘borderline’ and ‘abnormal’ behaviours. Nonparametric test was used to compare the median of difficulty scores between control group and study group. Spearman correlation was used to determine association between self-report SDQ and teacher-report SDQ. Results: A total of 134 schoolchildren were recruited in this study, of which 44 had CRGCVD and 90 were in the control group. Teacher-reported SDQ for the children were obtained from 134 teachers. No statistically significant differences (p>0.05) were noted between the total SDQ scores of children with and without CRGCVD using self-report SDQ and teacher-report SDQ. The total difficulty scores of self-report SDQ and teacher-report SDQ were poorly but significantly correlated. Teachers rated 9.09% of children with CRGCVD as falling under the ‘abnormal’ category, slightly higher than self-rated of 2.27%. Conclusion: This study found no prominent behavioural issues among schoolchildren with CRGCVD.
Повсякденне життя Києва доби Гетьманату П. Скоропадського за спогадами О. Гольденвейзера
Authors: Герасимов Тимофій
Published: October 2020

The purpose of the article is to cover certain aspects of everyday life in Kyiv during the period of Hetman P. Skoropadskyi based on the memoirs of O. Goldenweiser – a well-known lawyer and public figure of the time. The methodology of the research is based on the fundamental principles of scientific knowledge of dialectics and determinism and also scientific – historicism and objectivity. Anthropological, systemic and historical-situational approaches were used to reveal the topic, as well as general scientific (general methods of analysis and synthesis, descriptive-narrative, induction and deduction), special and interdisciplinary methods of scientific research (historical-comparative, historical-typological). Scientific novelty of the work lies in the critical analysis of O. Goldenweiser's memoirs as an important historical source for the study of Kyiv everyday life of Ukrajinsjka Derzhava in 1918. Conclusions. O.  Goldenweiser's memoirs contain a lot of cognitive and meaningful material about the everyday history of Kyiv in the period of the study. They repeatedly mention the huge impact on the life of the city of the military contingent from Germany and Austria-Hungary, which the most of kyivans considered as occupation. Throughout almost the entire period of P. Skoropadsky's rule (April – October 1918) Kyiv had a reputation as a safe city for the presence of foreign people, and it was very attractive to those former subjects of the Russian Empire who ran away from Bolshevik terror. As a result, the capital of the Ukrajinsjka Derzhava was literally suffocating from overcrowding – it was almost impossible to find a free apartment at that time. Under such conditions, the socio-economic and socio-cultural aspects of urban everyday life revived sharply. This, for example, found expression in the trade sphere, in particular in its "dark side" – the unprecedented growth of speculation – and in the overcrowding of local cultural and entertainment establishments.
Кіндрачук Н. М. Простір українського національного «Я»: 60-ті – 70-ті рр. ХХ ст.: монографія. – Івано-Франківськ: НАІР, 2020. – 502 с.
Authors: Телячий Юрій
Published: October 2020

The aim of the article is to analyze the monograph of Nadiya Myroslavivna Kindrachuk, which is devoted to the analysis of socio-cultural processes in the Ukrainian ethnic environment of the Ukrainian SSR during the 1960’s and 1970’s. The transformation of the socio-cultural face of the titular nation is investigated in the work; demographic changes in the Ukrainian ethnic group at the national and regional levels have been identified; the importance of the Sixtiers’ movement in expanding the ethnocultural boundaries of Ukrainians; the struggle of the Ukrainian intelligentsia for the preservation of the Ukrainian linguistic space and the national-spiritual component is highlighted; the national self-determination of the Ukrainian artists in the cultural and artistic creativity is analyzed, the evolution of the statesmen, national views of the Ukrainians in support of the idea of Ukrainian independence is shown; the role of the Ukrainian diaspora in the fight for the separation of the Ukrainian nation, the independence and unity of the Ukrainian state are revealed.
Морозова О. Дослідження історії України першої половини ХХ ст. в сучасній польській історіографії: напрямки, концепції, дискусії. – Миколаїв : Вид-во ЧНУ ім. П. Могили, 2020. – 431 с.
Authors: Романюк Іван
Published: October 2020

The article reviews a monograph in which the author, using primarily Polish historiography, as well as the work of modern Ukrainian historians, on the basis of a broad source base makes an analysis of Ukrainian history of the first half of last century by Polish historians. Based on the analysis, the originality of the research, the author's concept of the vision of the problem and the practical significance of the scientific work are determined.
Аграрне питання в діяльності земської ліберальної фронди північної України (80-ті рр. ХІХ ст.)
Authors: Котельницький Назар
Published: October 2020

The aim of the article is to introduce into international scientific circulation "Journals of Congresses of Farmers of Chernihiv Province" - an important source on the history of the Zemstvo liberal movement in northern Left Bank Ukraine.The methodological basis of the work was content analysis, principles of scientific synthesis, generalization and comprehensiveness. The scientific novelty of the work is that, in fact, for the first time in historiography, the question of the urgent need to study the agrarian question in the activities of the provincial nobility Liberal Party of Northern Ukraine as an organic and integral part of economic policy of this political current in the liberation movement of the Russian Empire Reforms Conclusions. The author of the article came to the conclusion that the found "Journals of Congresses of Farmers of the Chernihiv Province" reveal the essence of the agrarian policy of the opposition aristocratic front of the region. Content analysis of magazine protocols shows that congresses of farmers, in the conditions of extremely short liberalization of public life of the Russian Empire in the early 80s of the XIX century, became an effective tool in forming the foundations of agrarian policy and economic programs of the provincial nobility Liberal Party of Northern Ukraine. The agrarian question occupied, though not the leading, but a proper place in the coordinate system of the economic program of provincial nobility liberalism. It should be acknowledged that the opposition aristocratic front of the region before the provincial nobility counter-reform of 1890 considered it premature to pose the problem of fundamental modernization of the agrarian system of the Russian Empire: both because of the policy of industrial protectionism of the supreme power, and because of the financial incompleteness of the peasant reform of Olexander II.
Рейд загону ім. І. Богуна з Волині на Холмщину (травень–липень 1944 р.)
Authors: Бігун Ігор
Published: October 2020

The purpose of the article is to study the raid of the UPA Ivan Bogun Detachment from Volhynia to Kholmshchyna (Сhełm Land) and back. The research methodology is based on the use of general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, abstraction and generalization) combined with the principles of historicism, objectivity, system and development. The scientific novelty of the work is that the participation of the Volhynia I. Bogun Detachment from the UPA-North in the Polish-Ukrainian confrontation in the Kholmshchyna, its organizational structure, numerical strength, command staff were determined and the circumstances of crossing the German-Soviet front line were analyzed for the first time in the historiography of the Ukrainian Liberation Movement. Conclusions. I. Bogun Detachment of the UPA-North “Turiv” Group conducted the raid from Volyn Oblast. to Kholm Land in May 1944 to avoid the danger of defeat by regular Wehrmacht units and to wait until it was possible to cross the front line. Once on the territory of the modern Lublin Voivodeship of Poland, O. Gromadiuk‑"Ostrizky's" detachment stationed in villages along the Western Bug River, and also skirmished with German troops. At the end of July 1944, the I. Bogun Detachment broke through the line of the German-Soviet front and returned to Volhynia. During the raid, the insurgent unit consisted of six companies, numbering about 600 soldiers, and in the course of the difficult passage of the front suffered casualties, many troopers straggled or dispersed. Accordingly, after the return, the strength of the detachment was reduced to 320—365 soldiers. In October 1944, the I. Bogun Detachment was reorganized into the Kholm Brigade, which was subordinated to Group Formation № 33 (“Zawichost”) of the UPA-North.
П’ятидесятницькі релігійні союзи України як об’єкт оперативної розробки органів НКДБ-МДБ за часів пізнього сталінізму (1944–1953)
Authors: Коротаєв Олександр
Published: October 2020

The aim of the study is to analyze the content of the intelligence work of the Soviet special services, which they carried out among the Pentecostals of Ukraine during the period of late Stalinism (1944-1953). Research methodology is based on a combination of general scientific (analysis and synthesis, the method of inductive and deductive logic) and special historical (historicallogical and system-structural) methods. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the author’s attempt, on the basis of little-known or those that are first introduced into scientific circulation, documents on the work of anti-religious divisions of the NKGB-MGB to highlight the content of their work among the Pentecostals of Ukraine during the late Stalinism (1944-1953). Conclusions. In the period of late Stalinism, Pentecostal religious unions in Ukraine, as in the pre-war years, remained the object of the intelligence work of the Soviet special services. The reason for this was the peculiarities of the Pentecostal doctrine ("mysticism", "spiritual" baptism and glossolalia) and pacifism, which did not fit into the atheist-rationalistic pseudoscientific Marxist-Leninist model of the "ideal" communist society. Given the change in the paradigm of state-church relations in the USSR caused by the Second World War, the NKGB-MGB bodies were also forced to change their methods of work in the religious sphere, including in relation to Pentecostals. Unable to liquidate the Pentecostal religious unions revived during the German occupation in an administrative-operational way, under the conditions of the legalization of religion in the USSR, the NKGB-MGB authorities went for a trick and decided to liquidate them by joining them to the All-Union Council of Evangelical Christians and Baptists (hereinafter ACECB), controlled by the Soviet special services. For the implementation of this plan, the Soviet state security organs for eight years used various agent-intelligence combinations in conjunction with outright repressive measures (in fact, large-scale operations) aimed at adjusting the religious palette of Ukraine and joining the Pentecostals to the ACECB. However, they all proved to be insufficient, as they led to the complete union of the Pentecostals with the Baptists. This circumstance allowed the leaders of unregistered Pentecostals, after the death of J. Stalin and their release from the camps, to continue to petition the Soviet authorities to register their union separately from the ACECB.
Еколого-економічні проблеми використання земельних ресурсів України (1970–1990)
Authors: Романюк Неля
Published: October 2020

Purpose of the article. The purpose of the article is to analyze negative processes occurring in land resources utilization in agriculture of Ukraine during 1970–1990 based on economic, agricultural historical studies and archive materials. Research methodology is based on the combination of general scientific and special historical methods with the principles of historicism, objectivity, consistency and interdisciplinarity. Scientific vovelty. The historical literature is supplemented with the characteristics of the development of the agro-industrial complex, in particular, the land resources utilization in Ukraine during 1970–1990. The environmental and economic component is analyzed. Conclusions. In 1970–1990, an intensive system of farming dominated in the agriculture of Ukraine. It was based on obtaining high yields of crops through the use of high doses of mineral fertilizers, the application of chemical crop protection products without regard to environmental threats, i.e. environmental pollution. Biological, environmental and economic laws of industry development were ignored. During the period under study, agriculture, on the one hand, suffered from excessive, intensive, environmentally unsound land utilization; on the other hand, also the deterioration of the environment was caused. The limit of environmental soil degradation in agricultural production was reached in the 1970s, and in 1986–1989 it was doubled. Improper application of chemicals has resulted in contamination of soil, agricultural products and the environment, which was hazardous to human health; reduction of organic matter in the soil, deterioration of its physical properties, which reduced soil fertility. The increase in the rate of use of chemicals in agriculture did not lead to the desired increase in agricultural production and improvement of its quality.
Київський митрополичий хор у ХІХ столітті: реконструкція одягу півчих
Authors: Кривошея Ірина
Published: October 2020

The purpose of the article is to analyze the known information about the main items of men's wardrobe of the bourgeois in the XIX century and compare it with the data on the choirmen's clothes. To recreate the images of the ceremonial choirmen’s clothes of the Kyiv Metropolitan Choir using written archival and visual (paintings and photos) sources. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism, consistency, scientific character, and interdisciplinary. The cultural and anthropological approach to the problem involves the study of a person on the basis of the social ties reproduction in a particular location. In this case, the element of everyday life, the clothes of the choirmen are studied through the system of the choirs’ functioning, and their interaction. The following general historical methods were applied: historical-genetic, terminological analysis, and comparative. The use of the problem-chronological method presupposes the systematization of events in chronological sequence, which made it possible to trace the possibilities of using the ceremonial clothes of choirmen for more than one choir, as well as how these processes influenced on economic factors. The scientific novelty of the article consists in the disclosure of new sources and an attempt to reconstruct the ceremonial and everyday clothes of men and boys who were the choirmen of the Metropolitan Choir in the ХІХ century. Conclusions. Thanks to the saved archival sources, as well as samples of art  in the ХІХ century, we learn about the style, the material from which the fabric and color were made, as well as the elements of the choirmen’s wardrobe. The comparative analysis allows us to assert that the daily clothes of the choirman did not differ in any way from the clothes of the middle-class bourgeoisie. The main elements of the wardrobe were a cap, an overcoat, a frock coat, trousers, and a sheepskin coat. For its sewing were used inexpensive fabrics such as nankin, cloth, and motley fabric. The difference from the usual and ceremonial clothes of metropolitan choirmen was distinguished by the use of red or blue velvet fabric with gilded trim and tassels. The collected information will help the reader to imagine the appearance of the metropolitan choirmen of the ХІХ century.
Образ відьми в уявленнях мешканців Північного Приазов’я у ХХ–ХХІ століттях
Authors: Авдєєва Олена
Published: October 2020

The aim of the article is to recreate the image of a witch in the imagination of the inhabitants of the Northern Priazovya in the XX - XXI century on the basis of field materials collected during archeographic expeditions in the subregion; coverage of the main aspects of witchcraft practices in the daily life of society. The research methodology is based on a combination of methods of analysis, synthesis and generalization with universal principles of historicism and scientific objectivity, which allowed to analyze the collected materials and reproduce in detail the image of a witch in the imagination of the inhabitants of the Northern Priazovya. The scientific novelty of the paper is that based on the materials of field research conducted in the settlements of the Northern Priazovya in the early XXI century, the image of a witch was reproduced in detail in the minds of the inhabitants of the subregion in the XX - XXI centuries. The attitude of the population to witches, features of interaction and protection from black magic are analyzed. Conclusions. The image of a witch is one of the main in Ukrainian demonology. Mentions of witches are found in most of the interviews collected during expeditions to the Northern Priazovya. Despite decades of Soviet atheism, the processes of urbanization and globalization, the image of the witch is a stable phenomenon of everyday life. During the interview, respondents answered questions about the presence of witches in the village, their negative actions towards others, features of life and appearance, methods of identification and protection. Some respondents denied the existence of witches in the modern world, some described in detail the experience of interacting with them (their own or the experience of familiars and relatives). The main plots of the stories concerned the problems of milk theft, shape-shifting, various mischief, divorce of married couples, specific death, and the transfer of power to heirs.
Церковна преса Київської єпархії про навчання церковного співу у другій половині ХІХ – на початку ХХ століття
Authors: Священко Зінаїда
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The aim of the article is to analyze publications on teaching church singing in the church press in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries ("Parochial School" (since 1906, "West Ukrainian Primary School"), "Kyiv Diocesan Journal", "Guidelines for Rural Priests" ). The research methodology includes different methods of classification, criticism of sources, identification, analysis, and synthesis. The scientific novelty of the article lies on the basis of the revealed church publications of the Kyiv eparchy on teaching church singing in elementary public schools. Various problems of schools and the attempts of the church-school administration to solve them are shown in the publications. Among all the publications about church singing in the Kyiv eparchy, a separate segment is dedicated to materials about teaching singing in the lowest, but the most widespread link of the school - church schools. The particular emphasis is placed on the analysis of methodological publications, most evidence of an attempt to solve a key problem - the training of church singing teachers. Conclusions. Church publications are the sufficiently informative source for the study of primary school education in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries. These publications contribute to the deepening study of church singing in general, in the cultural and educational role of the Orthodox Church. It is noted that periodicals in the Kyiv eparchy contain a number of publications about the importance of teaching church singing, about the program of church singing for parochial schools, about the problems of training singing teachers, about teaching aids to sing in elementary schools. The identification and systematization of publications in the church periodicals of the Kyiv eparchy made it possible to show that the church and school administration paid close attention to teaching church singing. The press noted that the church singing has an irreparable religious and moral impact on the pupils' souls, since in general, in the form of church chants, children are more easily remember church truths and prayers. The church singing provides a sensual and emotional perception of worship.
Association of Serum Minerals, Vitamin D, Total Protein, and Inflammatory Mediators and Severity of Low Back Pain
Authors: Dadkhah Payman , Hashemi Seyed Masoud , Taheri Mehrdad , Zakeri Habib
Published: October 2020

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a multifactorial disorder with multiple etiologies, which are not fully understood. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between serum levels of minerals, total protein, vitamin D (vit D), and inflammatory mediators with LBP and its severity. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was derived from the study nested in the Fasa Cohort Study. Overall, 148 individuals with LBP were compared with 150 individuals without LBP. Blood samples were evaluated for serum protein, iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), phosphorus, vit D, IL-1B, IL-6, high-sensitive C-reactive protein (HS-CRP), and TNF-alpha. Severity of pain was measured with the McGill and Oswestry questionnaires. Results: The mean age of participants in the case and control groups was 49.2 ± 6.1 and 47.57 ± 5.85 years, respectively. In the case group, 61 patients (48.8%) were male. The mean serum levels of Fe, Al, vit D, Cu, IL-1B, IL-6, HS-CRP, and TNF-alpha were significantly different between case and control groups (P≤0.05). However, there were no significant differences between studied groups in the term of sex and serum phosphorus (P>0.05). Regarding pain severity, age was correlated with McGill score (r=0.18), body mass index with Oswestry (r=0.21), Fe with McGill (r=-0.15) and Oswestry (r=-0.13), protein with McGill (r=0.32) and Oswestry (r=-0.32), Al with McGill (r=0.56) and Oswestry (r=0.45), IL-1B with McGill (r=0.19) and Oswestry (r=0.13), TNF-alpha with McGill (r=0.34) and Oswestry (r=0.26), IL-6 with Oswestry (r=0.13), HS-CRP with McGill (r=0.60) and Oswestry (r=0.46), and vit D was correlated with McGill (r=0.21) and Oswestry scores (r=0.17). Higher Fe (odds ratio [OR]: 0.99), protein (OR: 0.47), Al (OR: 0.11), and vit D levels (OR: 0.97) were protective against LBP (P<0.001). Higher IL-1B (OR: 1.01), TNF-alpha (OR: 1.03), and HS-CRP (OR: 1.0003) presented as risk factors for LBP (P<0.001). Conclusion: Our study revealed except phosphorous, all the serum levels minerals and inflammatory markers was significantly different in LBP patients compared to healthy individuals. Also, in the LBP patients, serum levels of Fe, total protein, Al, and vit D aside to inflammatory mediators (i.e., IL-1B, TNF-alpha, and HS-CRP) shows a marked association with severity of LBP. [GMJ.2020;9:e1342]
Effects of Maternal Exposure to Lamotrigine during Pregnancy on Gonadal Toxicity in Fetus Rats
Authors: Aryan Hoda , Movassaghi Shabnam , Ghasemi Amir , Darabi Roksana
Published: October 2020

Background: Lamotrigine is one of the newest antiepileptic drugs that is used as one of the most common treatments in pregnancy. Since the investigation of the teratogenic effects of lamotrigine is very limited and there is no report of its teratogenic effects on fetal gonads, we aimed to investigate the teratogenic effects of lamotrigine on embryonic gonads. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on nine female Wistar female rats (8 weeks, weighing 180-200 mg). At first, the animals were inspected regularly by the preparation of vaginal smear and in the estrus phase in separate cages of mating, and after observing the vaginal plaque, were randomly divided into three groups (n=3). Control group did not receive any treatment.  In the lamotrigine group (20mg/kg), and the vehicle group (same volume of normal saline) were injected intraperitoneally from days 8 to 13 of pregnancy. On day 20, animals were anesthetized by sodium pentobarbital (40 mg/kg), and embryos were extracted through laparotomy. First, fetuses were weighed, and their height (crown-rump length) was measured. Then the gonads of the fetuses were removed and, stained with H & E, and examined by optical microscope. Results: Our results showed that in the lamotrigine group, the number of seminiferous tubules and Sertoli cells in the male embryos and the number of oocytes in the female embryos decreased significantly compared to the control and vehicle groups (P≤0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that treatment with 20 mg/kg lamotrigine in mothers during pregnancy could cause damage to fetal gonads. [GMJ.2020;9:e1557]
Complex Twisted Knots of Umbilical Cord in a Monochorionic-Diamniotic Twin Gestation: A Case Report
Authors: Razavi Behnaz , Kasraeian Maryam , Hashemi Atefe , Moradi Alamdarloo Shaghayegh , Najib Fateme Sadat
Published: October 2020

Background: True knots and tight loops of umbilical cord can cause serious fetal complications in monochorionic-monoamniotic twins but are usually unexpected in Monochorionic-diamniotic twins because of the presence of the intertwin membrane. This report presents a case of monochorionic-diamniotic twin gestation with a complex cord knots. Case report: A 31-year-old G2Ab1 with monochorionic-diamniotic twin pregnancy in the gestational age of 30 weeks presented with ruptured membrane since 3weeks before delivery. At the delivery time, multiple umbilical cord knots was found. Conclusion: Premature ruptured membrane can cause septostomy of the intertwin membrane, multiple umbilical cord knots and its complications. Therefore, these cases should be considered for evaluation of the presence of intertwin membrane and umbilical cord knots in each sonography examination. [GMJ.2020;9:e1878]
A Sociological Study of Jirga System in Haramosh Gilgit Baltistan
Authors: Rahmat Ali , Ali Muhammad Umair
Published: October 2020

irga is a unique traditional justice system, the word “JIRGA” in Shina (local language) means Arbitration in English. Its employees a process of dispute settlement with the intervention of notables of the society followed by the free consent of the disputing parties. This study was carried out to study the structure and functioning of Jirga system. Researcher adopted the purposive sampling technique and collects the data from 36 respondents; area of the study was Haramosh Gilgit-Baltistan. Study focus the Jirga system and its implications; researcher designed the questioner to investigate the validity and accountability of Jirga system. Study defines the merits and demerits of Jirga system.
Point Foundation (PF) method: Principles and recent research findings
Authors: Jo Myoung Su , Lee Ki Tae , Kang Ho Deok , Cho Hong Bum , Nguyen Tien Dung
Published: October 2020

Conventionally, cement deep mixing (CDM) columns are designed to have constant diameters over the improved depth as this facilitates the construction procedures. However, this design pattern may be inefficient in cases of spread footings or shallow foundations. This paper first briefly introduces principles, construction procedures and quality control techniques of an innovative CDM method that can create head-enlarged column, named as Point Foundation (PF). The method is practically implemented with a specific binder that is environment-friendly and more effective in strength enhancing compared with the common binder as cement. Static load tests on three instrumented PF columns indicate that the variation trend of induced vertical stress profile along the columns in general is similar to that under the centre of shallow footings on elastic soil medium. However, the stress profile in the (semi-rigid) PF columns is larger than that in elastic soil but less than that in (rigid) PHC pile. This confirms the load transfer mechanism along semi-rigid columns like CDM/PF. Test results also indicate that at the depth of one to two times head diameters the induced stress remains just 20% the applied pressure. Findings on the trend of the induced vertical stress in the columns suggests that the settlement of common shallow footings on CDM/PF column-reinforced grounds should be evaluated using 3D condition taking into account the fact that the induced stress decreases with depth.

Keywords:

ground improvement; Point Foundation (PF); tapered cross section; load transfer mechanism; load-settlement behavior.
Phân tích phi tuyến ứng xử uốn của tấm bằng vật liệu FGM xốp đặt trên nền đàn hồi Pasternak với các điều kiện biên khác nhau có xét đến vị trí thực của mặt trung hòa
Authors: Long Nguyễn Văn , Tú Trần Minh , Hải Lê Thanh , Trang Vũ Thị Thu
Published: October 2020

Bài báo phân tích phi tuyến tĩnh tấm bằng vật liệu FGM xốp đặt trên nền đàn hồi Pasternak, chịu uốn dưới tác dụng của tải trọng phân bố vuông góc với bề mặt tấm. Vật liệu FGM xốp với ba dạng phân bố lỗ rỗng khác nhau: đều, đối xứng, bất đối xứng được khảo sát. Các phương trình chủ đạo được xây dựng trên cơ sở lý thuyết tấm Mindlin có kể đến yếu tố phi tuyến hình học von Kárman và vị trí mặt trung hòa. Bằng việc sử dụng phương pháp Bubnov-Galerkin, lời giải giải tích theo phương pháp ứng suất sử dụng hàm Airy đã được thiết lập với các điều kiện biên khác nhau. Ví dụ kiểm chứng đã được thực hiện qua so sánh với các công bố của các tác giả khác trong trường hợp vật liệu đẳng hướng. Ảnh hưởng của các tham số vật liệu, kích thước hình học, các tham số nền đàn hồi và điều kiện biên đến độ võng và các thành phần nội lực trong tấm được khảo sát cụ thể qua các ví dụ số.

Từ khóa:

phân tích uốn phi tuyến; tấm vật liệu FGM xốp; mặt trung hòa; lý thuyết biến dạng cắt bậc nhất; điều kiện biên khác nhau.
Nghiên cứu xác định vị trí tối ưu của sườn tăng cường dọc của dầm cầu thép chịu uốn
Authors: Hoàn Phạm Thái , Trung Phạm Văn , Việt Vũ Quang
Published: October 2020

Sườn tăng cường dọc (STCD) thường được sử dụng để tăng cường cho bản bụng của dầm cầu thép có chiều cao lớn nhằm tránh mất ổn định cục bộ của bản bụng, dẫn đến giảm khả năng chịu uốn của dầm. Bài báo này trình bày phương pháp xác định vị trí tối ưu và độ cứng chống uốn yêu cầu của STCD cho dầm cầu thép chịu uốn bằng thuật toán tối ưu sử dụng phương pháp điểm trong (Interior Point Algorithm, IPA). Mô hình phần tử hữu hạn của dầm thép có sườn tăng cường được xây dựng và phân tích bằng phần mềm ABAQUS với lựa chọn phân tích mất ổn định. Thuật toán IPA được sử dụng trong phần mềm MATLAB để xác định vị trí tối ưu và độ cứng chống uốn yêu cầu của STCD bằng cách tối đa hóa giá trị hằng số mất ổn định thu được từ phân tích mất ổn định trong ABAQUS. Kết quả phân tích thu được phù hợp với các kết quả đã công bố trong các nghiên cứu trước đây, cho thấy tính chính xác và tin cậy của phương pháp đề xuất. Bên cạnh đó, bài báo cũng khảo sát ảnh hưởng của tính liên tục của STCD đến vị trí tối ưu và độ cứng chống uốn yêu cầu của STCD của dầm cầu thép.

Từ khóa:

phân tích mất ổn định; dầm thép; sườn tăng cường dọc; Abaqus2Matlab; ABAQUS.
Nghiên cứu giải pháp tổ chức và quản lý giao thông nhằm giảm thiểu ùn tắc trong giờ cao điểm khu vực cổng trường tiểu học trong nội thành Hà Nội
Authors: Hân Huỳnh , Tuyên Nguyễn Văn , Hùng Trần Mạnh , Huy Vũ Văn , Hiệp Đinh Văn
Published: October 2020

Tình trạng ùn tắc giao thông trong giờ cao điểm thường xuyên xảy ra tại khu vực cổng trường, đặc biệt là đối với các trường tiểu học do sự tập trung của phụ huynh đưa đón con đến trường ở nội thành Hà Nội. Nghiên cứu phân tích các nguyên nhân và đưa ra các giải pháp tổng thể nhằm giảm thiểu ùn tắc trong giờ cao điểm. Bên cạnh đó, nghiên cứu lựa chọn một số trường tiểu học đại diện để phân tích và tìm ra nguyên nhân đặc trưng và đề xuất giải pháp tương ứng với từng trường hợp cụ thể. Kết quả của nghiên cứu định hướng cho các nhà quản lý trong việc đưa ra các quy định, hướng dẫn về tổ chức và quản lý giao thông khu vực trường học, đặc biệt là xem xét đến yêu cầu về việc đánh giá ảnh hưởng của trường học đến mạng lưới giao thông khu vực.

Từ khóa:

giao thông đô thị; tổ chức và quản lý giao thông; ùn tắc giao thông; trường tiểu học.
Nghiên cứu phân bố áp lực sóng lên tường biển có mũi hắt sóng bằng mô hình số và mô hình vật lý
Authors: Hoàng Nguyễn Thái , Trung Lê Hải , Tùng Trần Thanh , Thọ Tăng Xuân
Published: October 2020

Tường biển ngày càng trở nên phổ biến trong quy hoạch các khu đô thị và khu du lịch ven biển do những yêu cầu về bảo vệ an toàn, khả năng tiếp cận, cảnh quan và thẩm mỹ. Áp lực sóng đóng vai trò quan trọng ảnh hưởng đến độ bền và độ ổn định tường biển. Trong nghiên cứu và thiết kế hiện nay, các công thức kinh nghiệm vẫn thường được áp dụng để tính toán áp lực sóng tác dụng lên tường biển. Do vậy, bài báo này nghiên cứu mô phỏng tương tác giữa sóng đều với tường biển thông qua chương trình ANSYS. Biểu đồ bao mô phỏng áp lực sóng của 3 dạng mặt cắt ngang tường biển thể hiện sự phù hợp tương đối với xu thế của số liệu thí nghiệm mô hình vật lý. Hơn nữa, kết quả mô phỏng đã xác định được các vị trí áp lực sóng cục bộ lớn nhất.

Từ khóa:

ANSYS; áp lực sóng; máng sóng số; mũi hắt sóng; tường biển.
Ảnh hưởng của tro bay thay thế một phần xi măng đến tính chất của bê tông thương phẩm
Authors: Lâm Nguyễn Trọng , Linh Nguyễn Ngọc , Nam Trần Văn , Kiên Vũ Duy , Khải Trần Văn , Hiếu Phùng Đức
Published: October 2020

Bê tông thương phẩm (BTTP) ngày càng được sử dụng phổ biến do có nhiều ưu điểm so với bê tông trộn tại công trường. Tuy nhiên, để đảm bảo tính công tác và khả năng bơm tốt, bê tông thương phẩm thường phải sử dụng lượng xi măng lớn hơn. Để khắc phục vấn đề trên, việc sử dụng phụ gia khoáng thay thế một phần xi măng là cần thiết. Trong nghiên cứu này, tro bay được sử dụng để thay thế xi măng với tỷ lệ từ 10-40% theo khối lượng trong bê tông thương phẩm M300 và M600. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, khi thay thế một phần xi măng bằng tro bay làm tăng tính công tác của hỗn hợp bê tông (HHBT), tổn thất tính công tác của hỗn hợp bê tông sử dụng tro bay không khác nhiều so với bê tông không sử dụng tro bay. Khi thay thế đến 20% xi măng bằng tro bay theo khối lượng, cường độ nén của bê tông giảm nhẹ và vẫn đạt mác thiết kế. Tuy nhiên, khi sử dụng 30% tro bay, cường độ nén của bê tông giảm một mác so với cường độ thiết kế. Khi sử dụng 40% tro bay làm giảm đáng kể cường độ của bê tông ở tất cả các tuổi, mức giảm quan sát được từ 31,4% đến 41,6%.

Từ khóa:

bê tông thương phẩm; tro bay; tính công tác; tổn thất tính công tác; cường độ nén.
Cardiovascular Effects of Listening to Fast Speech and Normal Speech
Authors: Quartey Perez , David TA Blemano , Patience Odoi
Published: October 2020

Background: Some previous works on the psychological impact of speech on the cardiovascular system have mainly focused on the speaker as the individual in whom clinical outcomes are being measured. There is limited data on the effects of listening to the fast speech on cardiovascular responses.

Aim: The aim of the study was to comparatively examine blood pressure and heart rate changes upon listening to normal and fast speeches.

Method: A total of 88 (22 females and 66 males) normotensive adults were recruited for the study from a university population. All subjects were made to listen to two different 13-minutes audio recordings of normal speech (news commentary) and fast speech (a radio sports presentation). Blood pressure and pulse rate changes were taken at 4-minutes time intervals during listening to the audio recordings. Based on the enthusiasm and patronage of the sports program, participants were classified as ‘‘Regular’’ listeners and ‘‘Non-regular’’ listeners. Blood pressure and pulse rate changes were calculated as the mean net area under the curve response and differences were analysed with analysis of variance.

Results: Systolic, diastolic and pulse rate responses were significantly higher in both the Regular and Non-Regular listener groups during listening to the fast-speech audio presentation as compared to the News Commentary presentation.

Conclusion: Although there is limited data, listening to fast speech itself may act as a psychosocial stressor that predisposes to an increased cardiovascular response manifested as higher blood pressure and heart rate.
PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS OF LOVE- THIS IS OUR BRAIN ON LOVE
Authors: Puranik Nagaraja , Sankeshwari Seema , Mulgund Aparna A
Published: October 2020

Falling in love is one of all the great feelings in the world. Humans are not the only one among the huge diversity of species to fall for it. Combine bonding, the two-by-two partnering of creatures have been seen across the fauna. To fall in love and be enamored allows an individual to depict himself charmingly alive. Most folks will reminisce at least one time in their lives of experiencing “butterflies in their stomach”, or a sense of ‘losing oneself’ into a deep ocean of affectionate feelings for someone. We tend to encounter ourselves into being obsessional and few might have delineated their feelings as going mad for that person. Though all these descriptions appear to be magnifying the words or phrases which we come across in daily life, there appears to have some hidden facts to these thoughts and behaviors. Have you ever thought, from where would be these sensations, obsessional thoughts and sometimes out of character acts arising from? Are there any particular physiological changes occurring in our body which are answerable to the arousal of these feelings?

The knowledge available to biologists have advanced vastly within the previous few decades and are using that information in deciphering the Physiology involved in both combined bonding and being in love. This review could prove engrossing and to converse about the physiological basis of affection, specially metamorphology of love in various phases of life, biological basis, neurochemistry, the neuronal circuits of affection and finally concerning over the myth of ‘ Everlasting Love’.