bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Current Status and Challenges of Vaccination Therapy for Glioblastoma
Authors: Hosseinalizadeh Hamed , Rahmati Mohammad , Ebrahimi Ammar , O'Connor Roddy S.
Published: February 2023

Glioblastoma (GBM), also known as grade IV astrocytoma, is the most common and deadly type of central nervous system malignancy in adults. Despite significant breakthroughs in current GBM treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, the prognosis for late-stage glioblastoma remains bleak due to tumor recurrence following surgical resection. The poor prognosis highlights the evident and pressing need for more efficient and targeted treatment. Vaccination has successfully treated patients with advanced colorectal and lung cancer. Therefore, the potential value of using tumor vaccines in treating glioblastoma is increasingly discussed as a monotherapy or in combination with other cellular immunotherapies. Cancer vaccination includes both passive administration of monoclonal antibodies and active vaccination procedures to activate, boost, or bias antitumor immunity against cancer cells. This article focuses on active immunotherapy with peptide, genetic (DNA, mRNA), and cell-based vaccines in treating GBM and reviews the various treatment approaches currently being tested. Although the ease of synthesis, relative safety, and ability to elicit tumor-specific immune responses have made these vaccines an invaluable tool for cancer treatment, more extensive cohort studies and better guidelines are needed to improve the efficacy of these vaccines in anti-GBM therapy.
Cytogenetic Abnormalities in Multiple Myeloma: Incidence, Prognostic Significance, and Geographic Heterogeneity in Indian and Western Populations
Authors: Kadam Amare Pratibha , Nikalje Khasnis Shraddha , Hande Pranita , Lele Hrushikesh , Wable Nishigandha , Kaskar Snehal , Nikam Gujar Nikita , Gardi Nilesh , Prabhudesai Aniket , Todi Karishma , Waghole Rohit , Roy Pritha
Published: February 2023

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a genetically complex and heterogeneous neoplasm in which cytogenetics is a major factor playing an important role in the risk stratification of disease. High-risk MM based upon cytogenetic classification includes primary IGH translocations t(4;14), t(14;16), t(14;20), and secondary progressive aberrations such as gain/amp(1q), 1p deletion, del(17p), and hypodiploidy. Several studies have proved that interphase FISH can detect primary as well as secondary cryptic aberrations very efficiently in lowest 5–10% abnormal plasma cell population. The present large-scale study was undertaken to evaluate the incidence of cytogenetic abnormalities, to analyse the correlation of conventional karyotyping with FISH, and to seek the geographic heterogeneity in the incidence of primary as well as secondary aberrations in our Indian versus Western populations. We conducted prospective studies of 1,104 patients consecutively referred from the primary, secondary, and tertiary oncology centres from all over India. Interphase FISH was performed on isolated plasma cells. Karyotype analysis was done as per ISCN 2016 and 2020. FISH could detect cytogenetic abnormalities in 67.6% of the cases with an incidence of 59% non-hyperdiploidy. The incidence of IGH translocation was 26% versus literature frequency of 40–50% which was mainly due to a low incidence (6%) of t(11;14) in contrast to 15–20% in other series. Additionally, the association of secondary progressive aberrations in the hyperdiploid group rather than the non-hyperdiploid group in our patients is not a common finding. A biallelic inactivation of TP53 as an ultra-high risk factor was detected in old-aged patients. These observations disclose the novel findings and strongly indicate the racial disparity which leads to geographic heterogeneity. In contrast to FISH, conventional karyotyping could detect MM-related aberrations in 50% of cases, of which 44% revealed highly complex karyotypes with common aberrations of chromosome 1q. Overall, FISH was found to be a novel, easy approach with high success rate and capability of detection of all cytogenetic abnormalities that add valid information for the risk stratification of disease. This, in future, in combination with mutation profile and gene expression profile will help in further refinement of disease and identification of actionable targets.
GDF11 Improves Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Acute Kidney Injury via Regulating Macrophage M1/M2 Polarization
Authors: Liu Wei-hua , Feng Ling , Wang Xuan , Wei Lixin , Zou He-qun
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a clinical emergency caused by the rapid decline of renal function caused by various etiologies. Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) can promote renal tubular regeneration and improve kidney function in AKI, but the specific mechanism remains unclear. Herein, we investigated the effect and mechanisms of GDF11 in ameliorating AKI induced by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Methods: An animal model of AKI was established by I/R method, and the changes of serum urea nitrogen and creatinine were measured to evaluate the AKI. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure cytokines, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, nitric oxide synthase, and arginase 1 levels. Flow cytometry was used to count the M1/M2 macrophages. IHC, WB, and q-PCR experiments were used to evaluate the expression of GDF11. Results: The changes in serum levels of urea nitrogen and creatinine after I/R suggest that an animal model of AKI induced by I/R was successfully established. AKI caused by I/R significantly changed the M1/M2 macrophage polarization balance, with an increase in M2 being significantly higher than M1 as well as increased oxidative stress. Treatment with GDF11 after I/R significantly increased the differentiation of M2 cells and inhibited the differentiation of M1 macrophages, as well as decreased oxidative stress. Conclusion: GDF11 can promote the repair of AKI caused by I/R by regulating the balance of M1/M2 polarization in macrophages and oxidative stress.
Hypoxia Sensing of β-Adrenergic Receptor Is Regulated by Endosomal PI3Kγ
Authors: Sun Yu , Stenson Kate , Mohan Maradumane L. , Gupta Manveen K. , Wanner Nick , Asosingh Kewal , Erzurum Serpil , Naga Prasad Sathyamangla V.
Published: February 2023

Background:

Impaired beta-adrenergic receptor (β1 and β2AR) function following hypoxia underlies ischemic heart failure/stroke. Activation of PI3Kγ (phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ) by beta-adrenergic receptor leads to feedback regulation of the receptor by hindering beta-adrenergic receptor dephosphorylation through inhibition of PP2A (protein phosphatase 2A). However, little is known about PI3Kγ feedback mechanism in regulating hypoxia-mediated β1 and β2AR dysfunction and cardiac remodeling.

Methods:

Human embryonic kidney 293 cells or mouse adult cardiomyocytes and C57BL/6 (WT) or PI3Kγ knockout (KO) mice were subjected to hypoxia. Cardiac plasma membranes and endosomes were isolated and evaluated for β1 and β2AR density and function, PI3Kγ activity and β1 and β2AR-associated PP2A activity. Metabolic labeling was performed to assess β1 and β2AR phosphorylation and epinephrine/norepinephrine levels measured post-hypoxia.

Results:

Hypoxia increased β1 and β2AR phosphorylation, reduced cAMP, and led to endosomal accumulation of phosphorylated β2ARs in human embryonic kidney 293 cells and WT cardiomyocytes. Acute hypoxia in WT mice resulted in cardiac remodeling and loss of adenylyl cyclase activity associated with increased β1 and β2AR phosphorylation. This was agonist-independent as plasma and cardiac epinephrine and norepinephrine levels were unaltered. Unexpectedly, PI3Kγ activity was selectively increased in the endosomes of human embryonic kidney 293 cells and WT hearts post-hypoxia. Endosomal β1- and β2AR-associated PP2A activity was inhibited upon hypoxia in human embryonic kidney 293 cells and WT hearts showing regulation of beta-adrenergic receptors by PI3Kγ. This was accompanied with phosphorylation of endogenous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A whose phosphorylation by PI3Kγ inhibits PP2A. Increased β1 and β2AR-associated PP2A activity, decreased beta-adrenergic receptor phosphorylation, and normalized cardiac function was observed in PI3Kγ KO mice despite hypoxia. Compared to WT, PI3Kγ KO mice had preserved cardiac response to challenge with β1AR-selective agonist dobutamine post-hypoxia.

Conclusions:

Agonist-independent activation of PI3Kγ underlies hypoxia sensing as its ablation leads to reduction in β1- and β2AR phosphorylation and amelioration of cardiac dysfunction.
Acute Microbleeds and Microinfarcts Within the Perihematomal Area After Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Puy Laurent , Rauch Antoine , Deramecourt Vincent , Cordonnier Charlotte , Bérézowski Vincent
Published: February 2023

Background:

To further our understanding of the pathophysiology of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and related injury, we provided a postmortem neuropathological examination of acute microvascular lesions (microbleeds and microinfarcts) within the perihematomal area.

Methods:

We included all consecutive cases (2005–2019) from the Lille University Hospital brain bank of ICH patients who died within the first month. Paraffin-embedded tissue sections from the perihematomal area were processed for several stainings and immunolabelings to investigate the presence of acute microbleeds and microinfarcts in the perihematomal area and to characterize surrounding neuronal and systemic inflammatory reaction (macrophages and neutrophils).

Results:

We included 14 ICH cases (median age, 78 years; 10 females). Acute microbleeds were observed in the perihematomal area in 12/14 patients (86%, ranging from 1 through >10) and microinfarcts in 5/14 (36%, ranging from 1 through 4). Microbleeds were observed whatever the delay from ICH onset to death was, while most cases with acute microinfarcts were observed between day 3 and day 7 (n=3/5). Both lesions were characterized by an abundant accumulation of systemic inflammatory cells and necrotic areas.

Conclusions:

Acute microbleeds and microinfarcts might contribute to the propagation of secondary brain tissue damages after ICH. Our examinations also question the potential role of massive systemic inflammatory cells recruitment in the genesis of these microvascular injuries.
Who influences policy labs in the European Union? A social network approach
Authors: Romero-Frías Esteban , Torres-Salinas Daniel , Arroyo-Machado Wenceslao
Published: February 2023

The growing importance of public innovation has been manifested through the creation of policy labs: spaces for policy experimentation and innovation that work for or within a government entity. The rise of this phenomenon in Europe was evidenced by the creation of a policy lab by the European Commission (EC) in 2016 and the publication by the EC of a report identifying policy labs and their influencers in Europe. Public innovation is increasingly based on national and international networks, giving rise to complex ecosystems involving participation by multiple actors from countries with different administrative approaches. Our study uses social network analysis of these labs’ Twitter profile data to map the European Union’s (EU) public innovation ecosystem and identify the major influencers. Policy labs and their influencers are analyzed by administration style by using a large geographical database. The results reveal a complex global network of influencers and a strong predominance of the Anglo-Saxon administration style. From an EU perspective, our systematic analysis of influence is particularly important in the post-Brexit context, helping to foster a genuine public innovation ecosystem that is both autonomous and interconnected with the aim of facing challenges such as the Sustainable Development Agenda and COVID-19 crisis recovery.
Perception of COVID-19 Impact on Canadian Occupational Therapy Curricula: Academic and Fieldwork
Authors: MacKenzie Diane , Martini Rose , Roduta Roberts Mary , Campbell-Rempel Margaret Anne , Ausman Christine
Published: February 2023

Background. Delivery of occupational therapy education programs in Canada faced significant disruptions and adaptations because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Curriculum changes were made rapidly under extreme conditions. Purpose. To document and explore changes to curricula (academic and fieldwork), instructional, and assessment methods implemented by Canadian occupational therapy programs in response to the pandemic and capture their perceived impact on student learning. Method. This convergent mixed method design study employed a cross-sectional descriptive survey followed by a member check focus group. Participant recruitment targeted Canadian occupational therapy university program directors, curriculum chairs, and fieldwork coordinators. Findings. Results highlight curriculum modifications included shifting from in-person to online delivery and re-sequencing or deferring in-person components. Fieldwork placements were similarly affected and included adoption of simulations and telepractice. Implications. The development of interpersonal “soft skills” are perceived as being the most disrupted, but the impact of student learning on actual practice is not yet known.
Stubble Burning in India: Politics and Policy Responses
Authors: Khundrakpam Prakash , Sarmah Jayanta Krishna
Published: February 2023

Stubble burning has emerged as an important environmental policy issue in India in recent times. This article contends that in addition to the apparent, practical reasons for burning stubble by farmers, there are also historical, policy-based reasons associated with the Green Revolution of India that has led to the perpetuation of the practice. It then provides an assessment of the extant policy responses toward the practice in India, and comments on their efficacies. Having done so, the article maintains that it would be more prudent to approach stubble burning by contextualising it within other environmental issues (and consequent policies) and not as an isolated issue in itself so that environmental sustainability and ecological holism are realised.
Self-Efficacy, Self-Love, and Fear of Compassion Mediate the Effect of Attachment Styles on Life Satisfaction: A Serial Mediation Analysis
Authors: Deniz Mehmet Engin , Yıldırım Kurtuluş Hacer
Published: February 2023

This study examined the effect of attachment styles on the life satisfaction of adults and the serial mediating effect of self-efficacy, self-love, and fear of compassion in this effect for the first time in the literature to the best of our knowledge. The study group consisted of a total of 639 adults. As a result of the study, it is seen that secure attachment affects life satisfaction positively. This process is mediated by the variables of high self-efficacy, high self-love, and low fear of compassion. However, avoidant attachment seems to negatively affect life satisfaction. This process is mediated by low self-efficacy, low self-love, and high fear of compassion variables. Apart from these results, it was observed that anxious-ambivalent attachment negatively affected life satisfaction, but this relationship was not mediated by self-efficacy, self-love, and fear of compassion. This result may be due to the fact that people with anxious-ambivalent attachment style perceive others positively despite seeing themselves as worthless and inadequate. These people may not want to show compassion for themselves because they have low self-worth, but they may show compassion for others because they find them valuable.
Fear of COVID-19 and Fear of Earthquake: Multiple Distressing Events and Well-Being in Croatia
Authors: Prizmić-Larsen Zvjezdana , Vujčić Maja Tadić , Lipovčan Ljiljana Kaliterna
Published: February 2023

People in Croatia have recently experienced two major earthquakes in the midst of COVID-19 pandemic, which are possible sources of increased fear. In order to capture and understand the effects of the simultaneously occurring threatening events, the aims of this study were threefold. First, we aimed to examine the psychometric properties and factor structure of the Croatian version of the Fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S). Second, bearing in mind that there is a lack of instruments for measuring fear of earthquakes, the study aimed to develop and examine the psychometric properties the Fear of Earthquake Scale (FES), as a version of FCV-19S, modified for the earthquake experience. Finally, the study aimed to examine differences in well-being indicators (life satisfaction, positive and negative affect) between four groups of participants who either had/did not have COVID-19 disease or had experienced/did not have experienced earthquake. The study was conducted among 1136 participants adults who took part in the fourth year of the Croatian longitudinal study on well-being. Among them, N = 665 participants experienced earthquake and responded to additional questions regarding that experience. The analyses demonstrated valid psychometric properties and one-factorial structure of FCV-19S and FES scales. The findings showed that people who went through earthquake experience (vs. those without earthquake experience and COVID-19 infection) reported higher negative affect and lower positive affect, indicating that people in Croatia seem to have been more fearful of earthquakes than COVID-19 pandemic. Findings suggest the long-term negative effects of earthquake on fear and well-being in comparison to COVID-19 pandemic.
Stay (Close to) Humble: Intellectual Humility Negatively Predicts Stigma Toward and Social Distance from Individuals with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Schmitt Randee M. , Huynh Ho Phi
Published: February 2023

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) remains a highly stigmatized disorder despite its prevalence. Given that the origin of stigmatization is rooted in cognitive representations that people hold, stigma may be differentially exhibited by people with varying degrees of cognitive flexibility. Intellectual humility, the recognition of one’s own intellectual shortcomings or flaws, may allow for flexibility in how people navigate knowledge surrounding PTSD, which may reduce stigma and improve interpersonal interactions with individuals with PTSD. The present study investigated whether intellectual humility would negatively predict PTSD stigma and social distance, above and beyond demographic factors and personal or social experience with individuals with PTSD. Participants ( N = 421, 67.2% men, mean age = 37.45, SDage = 9.99) completed a multidimensional measure for intellectual humility and the Mental Illness Stigma Scale adapted to assess PTSD stigma. Results confirmed our preregistered predictions. Bivariate correlations demonstrated that overall intellectual humility was negatively correlated with overall PTSD stigma, and overall intellectual humility was negatively correlated with overall social distance. That is, intellectually humble people reported less PTSD stigma and desired closer social distance with individuals with PTSD. Additionally, hierarchical multiple regression revealed that intellectual humility predicted unique variance in PTSD stigma and social distance above and beyond the contribution of demographic factors and personal experience or social relationships with someone with PTSD. These results may provide a useful framework for approaching and minimizing stigma toward PTSD.
Study on overlying strata migration law of strip interval filling mining
Authors: Luo Chang , Liu Ping , Jia Yichao , Chen Zhen , Gao Fangling , Huang Xinkang
Published: February 2023

Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to popularize in Guizhou mining area due to high filling cost, taking 11071 working face of Panzhihua Coal Mine in Liupanshui as the research background, the idea and technology of strip interval filling mining are put forward. Through theoretical analysis and mechanical tests, the reasonable range of strip spacing distance and mechanical parameters of filling body were obtained. The FLAC3D simulation software is used to analyze the stress field, displacement field, and plastic zone of five kinds of design schemes, and the UDEC simulation software is used to carry out the filling mining of No.7 coal seam. The results show that the strip interval filling mining technology regards the empty roof area as a controllable underground spatial structure, and the single spatial stress field changes little. The load on the immediate roof is gradually transferred from the top of the empty roof area to the top of the filling body. The “filling body-direct roof” structure improves the self-bearing capacity of the immediate roof, and the overlying surrounding rock migration is controlled. With the increase of mining depth, it gradually tends to the original rock stress, and the control effect on surface subsidence is more significant. Finally, “filling 3 m interval 3 m” is determined as the optimal filling scheme. In the process of simulated filling mining, the peak stress in the stress concentration area of the front coal wall shows a trend of “increase-decrease-increase,” and the peak stress curve of the immediate roof in the middle of the stope changes from “increase-decrease ‘trend to’ increase-decrease-increase-decrease” trend. The rock layer near the immediate roof is in a stress concentration state in the coal wall area on both sides, and the middle part is not obvious.
Examining Technologies Used in K-12 School Districts: A Proposed Framework for Classifying Educational Technologies
Authors: Bacak Julie , Wagner Jonathan , Martin Florence , Byker Erik , Wang WeiChao , Alhgrim-Delzell Lynn
Published: February 2023

K-12 schools utilize a growing number of technologies to operate effectively, ranging from technologies for learning to technologies that manage student and personnel data. We share findings from an analysis of 23 school district websites for technologies used in a number of K-12 school districts surrounding a public, research university in a southeast region of the United States. In addition, we also share findings on technologies used in K-12 school districts from interviews with 12 technology directors. We propose a technology classification framework including educational technologies, management technologies, support technologies, networking technologies, and security technologies in addition to identifying various technologies that are currently used by school districts based on this framework. This framework has implications for K-12 technology adoption and clarifying the roles of school technology personnel.
A logarithmic sliding mode controller for stochastic active suspension systems
Authors: Zahiripour Seyed Ali
Published: February 2023

In this paper, a new approach for stochastic logarithmic variable structure control has been proposed to create a compromise between reaching phase duration and response rate of the stochastic suspension system. The asymptotic stability with probability one for the closed-loop suspension system has been analyzed by Lyapunov method. Some practical considerations in proving theorems are uncertain parameter variations, environmental matched disturbances, actuator degradation, stochastic environmental mismatched disturbances, which is a representative of the change in road profile with time, and unmodeled dynamics. Finally, by regulating a specific parameter, the simulation results corroborate the advantage of the proposed controller in managing and reducing the sensitivity of the closed-loop system. Also, compared with other sliding surfaces of past researches, the designed sliding variable minimizes a certain performance function and therefore provides better performance for the closed-loop system, which is also verified in the simulation results.
Modern Marriage in a Traditional Society: The Influence of College Education on Marriage in India
Authors: Vikram Kriti
Published: February 2023

India has witnessed a dramatic expansion of higher education, and women have emerged as noteworthy winners in the process. This paper focuses on the role of female college education on four dimensions of marriage: age at marriage, autonomy in the choice of spouse, work and financial empowerment, and quality of marital relationship. The study uses a sample of 35,561 currently married women from the 2011-2012 wave of the nationally representative India Human Development Survey (IHDS). It demonstrates that higher education, particularly college education, enables women to lead lives substantively different from their less-educated peers. College-educated women marry at later ages, enjoy greater autonomy in choosing their husbands, and have a more egalitarian relationship with their spouses. Furthermore, the study finds that educational homogamy and hypogamy afford greater autonomy to women. Even without a concomitant increase in labor force participation, college education among women appears to have a transformative effect on marriage in India.
Effects of the nutrition education intervention on food security, anthropometry, and body composition in women: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ebadi-Vanestanagh Marziyeh , Molani-Gol Roghayeh , Alizadeh Mohammad
Published: February 2023

Background

Food insecurity as a social determinant of health is associated with adverse physical health outcomes such as obesity.

Aim

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of nutrition education intervention based on the transtheoretical model (TTM) on food security, anthropometry, and body composition status.

Methods

In this randomized controlled trial, an intervention was conducted over months (five weeks) using the TTM among 160 women aged 19–64 years. Food security status, anthropometry, and body composition were determined three times: at baseline, three months, and six months after the intervention.

Results

In the intervention group, food insecurity significantly decreased before, immediately after, and six months after the intervention, these changes were significant in follow-up time and treatment effect. After six months of follow-up, the intervention group significantly decreased weight (−1.29 kg), body mass index (−0.54), and waist circumference (−3.48 cm). Although differences between the two groups were not statistically significant except in the interaction between follow-up time and intervention groups. Also, the mean of fat mass and total body water decreased in the intervention group and differences between the two groups were statistically significant in follow-up time ( p < 0.001 and p = 0.01, respectively) and interaction between follow-up time and intervention group ( p < 0.001 and p = 0.005, respectively).

Conclusion

In the current study, the findings of a six-month TTM-based intervention among women were positive that revealed to be a strategy that may improve anthropometric and nutritional status. Therefore, government programs that offer nutrition counseling should be prioritized to help the population to improve their eating habits.
Comparison of image quality and radiation dose of different scanning methods used for computed tomography of the unilateral shoulder
Authors: Jiang Dongdong , Wang Yanan , Zhang Peng , Liu Zhenyu
Published: February 2023

Background

The effect of different computed tomography (CT) scanning methods of the shoulder on image quality is uncertain.

Purpose

To compare the effect of different methods of CT scanning of the right shoulder on image quality and radiation dose.

Material and Methods

A total of 30 adults were divided into five groups. Group A received scans centered on the body's long axis, a scout direction of 0° + 90°, and automatic tube current modulation (ATCM). The other four groups (B, C, D, E) received isocenter scans centered on the shoulder with different scout directions (B and C: 0° + 90°, D: 0°, E: 0° + 270°) and tube currents (B: 420 mA; C, D, E: ATCM). The volume CT dose index (CTDIvol), dose-length product (DLP), image objective noise, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were compared. Three subjective measures were also compared (noise, stripe artifacts, diagnostic confidence).

Results

The five groups differed significantly in all subjective and objective indexes. The CTDIvol and DLP decreased in the order of groups C, A, B, E, and D; the differences between groups A and B were not significant ( P > 0.05). Groups B, C, and E had better SNR and CNR than groups A and D ( P < 0.01). Subjective evaluations indicated group D was worse than groups B, C, and E ( P < 0.05).

Conclusion

In the ATCM system that uses the last scout view, CT of the shoulder should use isocenter scanning with the lateral scout view when the tube is away from the long axis of the body as the last execution direction.
Measuring local, salient economic inequality in the UK
Authors: Suss Joel H
Published: February 2023

Neighbourhood-level economic inequality is thought to have important implications for social, political, and economic attitudes and behaviours. However, due to a lack of available data, to date it has been impossible to investigate how inequality varies across neighbourhoods in the UK. In this paper, I develop a novel measure of within-neighbourhood inequality in the UK by exploiting data on housing values for over 26.6 million addresses – nearly the universe of residential properties in the UK. Across two surveys, I demonstrate that housing value inequality is perceptually-salient – what people see around them in terms of housing discrepancies is associated with their beliefs about inequality. This new measure of local, salient inequality represents a powerful tool with which to investigate both the anatomy of local inequality in the UK, as well as its attitudinal and behavioural consequences.
Arthroscopic Bankart Repair for Adolescent Anterior Shoulder Instability: Clinical and Imaging Predictors of Revision Surgery and Recurrent Subjective Instability
Authors: Egger Anthony C. , Willimon S. Clifton , Busch Michael T. , Broida Sam , Perkins Crystal A.
Published: February 2023

Background:

Multiple clinical and radiologic risk factors for recurrent instability after arthroscopic Bankart repair have been described. Humeral bone loss has gained more recent attention, particularly with respect to “off-track” lesions and increased rates of recurrent instability and revision surgery.

Purpose:

To evaluate clinical and radiologic predictors of failure after arthroscopic Bankart repair in adolescents.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A single-institution retrospective study was performed in patients <19 years of age treated with arthroscopic Bankart repair from 2011 to 2017. Magnetic resonance imaging measurements of glenoid and humeral bone loss, the glenoid track, and the presence of off-track Hill-Sachs (HS) lesions were assessed. All patients had a minimum follow-up of 24 months and completed patient-reported outcome scores. Failure was defined as revision surgery or postoperative subjective instability.

Results:

A total of 59 patients (46 male, 13 female) with a median age of 16 years (range, 12-18 years) were included. Ten patients (17%) had revision surgery and 8 patients (14%) had subjective instability without revision surgery. No clinical or radiologic factors were significantly different between the failure cohort and the nonfailure cohort. Four patients (7%) measured off-track, and 2 of these patients experienced failure. A total of 38 patients (64%) were identified to have an HS defect. Subgroup analysis of these patients identified a greater HS interval (HSI) in patients who underwent revision surgery as compared with those patients who did not have revision surgery. Among patients with GT ratio ≥15 mm, there was a 50% rate of revision surgery. The Pediatric/Adolescent Shoulder Survey (PASS) and Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) scores at the final follow-up were not significantly different among patients with or without revision surgery. However, those with subjective instability who had not undergone revision surgery had significantly lower PASS and SANE scores as compared with the remainder of the cohort.

Conclusion:

Of the adolescents in this cohort, 31% either had revision surgery (17%) or reported subjective feelings of instability (14%) after arthroscopic Bankart repair. Off-track instability was identified in 7% of the cohort but was not predictive of failure. Among the subgroup of patients with an HS defect, those who underwent revision surgery had a significantly larger HSI.
Effects of thickness, fibre orientation and fabric textile on the low-velocity impact performances of thermoset and thermoplastic composites
Authors: Kayaaslan Melihcan , Coskun Taner , Unlu Ulac Murat , Sahin Omer Sinan
Published: February 2023

In this study, low-velocity impact (LVI) responses for the thermoset and thermoplastic composites were experimentally investigated based on the fibre orientation, thickness and knitting architecture. To analyse dynamic responses such as bending stiffness, contact stiffness, total impulse, peak force, and absorbed/rebound energy, LVI tests at 2 and 3 m/s velocity, which correspond to the 11.2 and 25.2 J were conducted, respectively. Furthermore, impact-induced damages were examined by using Through Transmission Ultrasonic analyses and macro-scale visualizations. Results from the current study show that woven fabric reinforced composites exhibited more bending stiffness, contact stiffness and energy absorption capacity than unidirectional ones thanks to fibre alignments throughout the longitudinal and transverse directions. Moreover, resin material has favourable effects on the damage mechanisms, as expected. It has been concluded that utilization of the thermoplastic resin enabled the composite specimens to exhibit less delamination.
The prediction of autonomous vehicle occupants’ pre-crash motion during emergency braking scenarios
Authors: Diederich Alexander , Bastien Christophe , Blundell Mike
Published: February 2023

This research investigates a computational method, which can assist the development of occupants’ passive safety in future autonomous vehicles, more particularly in the definition of head kinematics in rotated seat arrangement during emergency braking. To capture these head motions, the methodology utilised an Active Human Model, whose head kinematics were validated in a previous work in three-point and lap-belt restraint configuration scenarios. A sled model was then built where the seat backrest angle (SBA) and the seat orientation, modelled by rotating the acceleration angle (AA), could be adjusted to represent various ‘living room’ seating conditions. A Design of Experiments study was then performed by varying AA from 0° to 360° in steps of 22.5° and SBA from 20° to 60° in steps of 8°. The responses were subsequently converted into a Reduced Order Model (ROM), which was then successfully validated through a comparison with the kinematic responses predicted with simulations. In terms of simulation time, it was found that the ROM was able to calculate the head kinematics in 3 s instead of the 1.5 h taken using Simcenter Madymo, without compromising predicted responses accuracy. This research has provided a unique method to define head kinematics corridors for seated occupants in autonomous vehicle interiors, including maximum head excursion, head kinematics as a function of time and define for the first time (a) the safe “or’ but not both head envelope within the cabin interior, and (b) capture the seated scenarios where head proximity to airbag systems could be of concern, following emergency braking.
Investigation of thermo-mechanical properties of Cochlospermum Gossypium composite materials with inserted OPM fibre
Authors: Srikanth Vallala , Reddy Karuka Raja Narender
Published: February 2023

In this research, a complete systematic technique for fabricating and characterising the various properties of Cochlospermum Gossypium (CG) and oil palm mesocarp fibre (OPMF) reinforced composites are reported. Following the hand lay-up method for manufacturing composites with varying OPMF weight percentages (5, 10, and 15), the composites were subjected to a variety of characterisation tests. To improve the interfacial bonding, capabilities of OPM fibre surfaces were treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Microstructural studies, such as scanning electron microscopy, were performed on the produced samples, followed by mechanical characteristics like tensile, flexural, and impact tests. Furthermore, the TGA (thermogravimetric analysis) test was performed as part of the thermal tests. The treated composites were found to be increased by 69.64% in tensile strength and 38.37% in flexural strength when compared with untreated composites and neat matrix in the tensile test. Thermal study revealed that 15% of fibre content outperforms the other weight fractions of the composites under investigation, as evidenced by TGA, microstructural, and mechanical testing.
The effects of spacing to diameter ratio on mixing characteristics of circular and elliptical twin jets
Authors: Narendra Kumar Ch , Sinhamahapatra KP
Published: February 2023

Twin jets are encountered in many engineering and industrial applications, such as aircraft propulsion systems and combustors. Twin jets create a flow field that is more complex than a single jet due to its interaction with the individual jets. This paper investigates the effects of spacing to diameter ( S/ D e) ratio and orientation on the mixing properties of circular and elliptical twin jets at four different S/ D e ratios of 1.25, 1.50, 1.75, and 2.0, respectively. The numerical simulations of twin jets are carried out with a jet Mach number of 0.8 using the Shear Stress Transport ( SST) K- ω turbulence model. The results show that near the orifice exit, the twin jets are issuing into ambient conditions separately and resemble a free jet, leading to a potential core length independent of S/ D e. The merging and combined point locations change linearly from the exit with an increasing S/ D e ratio. The decay rate is higher for Twin Ellipse Minor than those in Twin Circle and Twin Ellipse Major, verified by a shorter converging region. In addition, near the jet exit, the spread rate is higher for Twin Ellipse Minor, which is consistent with the closer merging point location. The jet mixing is superior for twin minor elliptical configuration compared to twin circle and twin major elliptical jets at all S/ D e ratios.
The driving effect of digital economy on green transformation of manufacturing
Authors: Si Hongcheng , Tian Ze , Guo Canyu , Zhang Jun
Published: February 2023

Under the double pressure of economic downturn and climate deterioration, the Chinese government needs to use the “double carbon” policy to drive the green transformation of the manufacturing industry. This article takes A-share manufacturing listed companies as the research object, constructs the enterprise digital economy investment index by text analysis and expert scoring method, and represents the degree of green transformation by enterprise green total factor productivity. At the theoretical level, the impact mechanism of the digital economy empowering green transformation in the manufacturing industry is hypothesized. The relevant hypotheses were tested through econometric empirical evidence, and the econometric model significantly passed the robustness test, proving that the digital economy empowers the development of green transformation in the manufacturing industry significantly. This article reveals that the digital economy promotes the green total factor productivity of enterprises by enhancing their innovation capability, improving the efficiency of production factor flow, and increasing their emission costs, but the factor intensity and the nature of enterprise owners will have different effects on the green transformation of the manufacturing industry enabled by the digital economy. This article explores the internal mechanism of green transformation development in the digital economy-enabled manufacturing industry and provides empirical evidence for enterprises to formulate development strategies and for governments to issue guiding policies.
Estimation in discrete time coarsened multivariate longitudinal models
Authors: Westerberg Marcus
Published: February 2023

We consider the analysis of longitudinal data of multiple types of events where some of the events are observed on a coarser level (e.g. grouped) at some time points during the follow-up, for example, when certain events, such as disease progression, are only observable during parts of follow-up for some subjects, causing gaps in the data, or when the time of death is observed but the cause of death is unknown. In this case, there is missing data in key characteristics of the event history such as onset, time in state, and number of events. We derive the likelihood function, score and observed information under independent and non-informative coarsening, and conduct a simulation study where we compare bias, empirical standard errors, and confidence interval coverage of estimators based on direct maximum likelihood, Monte Carlo Expectation Maximisation, ignoring the coarsening thus acting as if no event occurred, and artificial right censoring at the first time of coarsening. Longitudinal data on drug prescriptions and survival in men receiving palliative treatment for prostate cancer is used to estimate the parameters of one of the data-generating models. We demonstrate that the performance depends on several factors, including sample size and type of coarsening.
Jurisdictional Relationships: Democracy and the Administrative State Through the Lens of Caring Society v Canada
Authors: Cochran Patricia
Published: February 2023

This paper draws on theorists of jurisdiction to make visible how democratic self-government and the rule of law take effect in the modern administrative state. Through the lens of Caring Society v Canada, a Canadian human rights case about the funding of social services for Indigenous children, I explore an idea of jurisdictional justice that is inherently connected to the quality of democratic engagement and focuses attention on political, legal and human relationships. I argue that in the face of challenges posed by populist politics and the colonial administrative state, this relational understanding of jurisdiction provides resources for building a sense of legality that can sustain shared public meaning and promote practices of political accountability.
Robotic-arm assisted lateral unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: 5-Year outcomes & survivorship
Authors: Gaudiani Michael A , Samuel Linsen T , Diana John N , DeBattista Jennifer L , Coon Thomas M , Moore Ryan E , Kamath Atul F
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Robotic-arm assisted unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (RA-UKA) has demonstrated accurate component positioning and excellent outcomes for medial components. However, there is a paucity of literature on lateral compartment RA-UKA. The purpose of our study was to assess the midterm clinical outcomes and survivorship of lateral RA-UKA.

Methods

This study was a retrospective review of a single-center prospectively maintained cohort of 33 patients (36 knees) indicated for lateral UKA. Perioperative, and postoperative two- and five-year Knee injury Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Score (WOMAC), and Forgotten Joint Score (FJS) patient reported outcome measures were collected. Five-year follow-up was recorded in 29 patients (32 knees).

Results

Mean follow up was 5.1 ± 0.1 years. Mean age and BMI was 70.9 ± 7.2 years and 29.0 ± 4.2 kg/m2, respectively. At discharge, mean distance walked was 273.4 ± 70.4 feet, and mean pain score was 2.0 ± 2.5. At 2-year follow up, mean KOOS, WOMAC, and FJS were 75.1 ± 13.5, 15.0 ± 7.2, and 81.0 ± 23.3, respectively. At 5-year follow up, mean KOOS, WOMAC, and FJS were 75.3 ± 14.6, 14.9 ± 5.0, and 75.8 ± 27.4, respectively. Mean change in KOOS and WOMAC were 35.6 ± 27.1 and 11.7 ± 13.4 ( p< .001 and p< .001). 94% of patients were very satisfied/satisfied, 3% neutral, and 3% dissatisfied. 91% met activity expectations, and 59% were more active than before. Survivorship was 100% at 5 years.

Discussion

In this study, lateral RA-UKA demonstrated significantly improved clinical outcomes, high patient satisfaction, met expectations, and excellent functional recovery at midterm follow up. Comparative studies are needed to determine differences between robotic-assisted and conventional lateral UKA, as well as TKA.
The prescription of psychedelic therapies in Australia and New Zealand: A brief survey of psychiatrists
Authors: Berger Joshua J , Fitzgerald Paul B
Published: February 2023

Objective

To explore the knowledge and attitudes of psychiatrists about psychedelics therapies.

Method

Access to a cross-sectional survey was distributed to psychiatrists through social media channels. Attitudes and knowledge about psychedelic therapies were recorded using Likert scales and ranking questions.

Results

Fifty-eight complete responses were collected (44 fully trained +14 trainee RANZCP members). Greater than 85% of respondents agreed there is a shortfall in effective psychiatric treatments, and greater than 65% agreed that psychedelic therapies might address this shortfall. The psychiatrists did not consider themselves knowledgeable about psychedelic therapies, with 60% showing interest in further training on this topic. About 70% of the sample hold various concerns about psychedelic therapies, and more believe that the prescription of psychedelics should be limited to psychiatrists in the future.

Conclusion

Considering these results in the context of a rapidly changing landscape relating to psychedelic research and regulations, we suggest there is scope to develop up-to-date education about psychedelics for psychiatrists.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of the SPIKES Model to Break Bad News – A Systematic Review
Authors: Mahendiran Meera , Yeung Herman , Rossi Samantha , Khosravani Houman , Perri Giulia-Anna
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Breaking bad news to patients and families can be challenging for healthcare providers. The present study conducted a systematic review of the literature to determine if formal communication training using the SPIKES protocol improves learner satisfaction, knowledge, performance, or system outcomes. Method: MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL Plus (Nursing & Allied Health Sciences), and PsycINFO Databases were searched with keywords BAD NEWS and SPIKES. Studies were required to have an intervention using the SPIKES model and an outcome that addressed at least one of the four domains of the Kirkpatrick model for evaluating training effectiveness. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool was used to conduct a risk of bias assessment. Due to heterogeneity in the interventions and outcomes, meta-analysis was not undertaken and instead, a narrative synthesis was used with the information provided in the tables to summarise the main findings of the included studies. Results: Of 622 studies screened, 37 publications met the inclusion criteria. Interventions ranged from the use of didactic lecture, role play with standardised patients (SPs), video use, debriefing sessions, and computer simulations. Evaluation tools ranged from pre and post intervention questionnaires, OSCE performance with rating by independent raters and SPs, and reflective essay writing. Conclusions: Our systematic review demonstrated that the SPIKES protocol is associated with improved learner satisfaction, knowledge and performance. None of the studies in our review examined system outcomes. As such, further educational development and research is needed to evaluate the impact of patient outcomes, including the optimal components and length of intervention.