bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Community's erception of Ecosystem Services in the Medini Tea Plantation, Kendal Regency
Authors: Mayasari Irda , Muktiali Mohammad
Published: June 2023

This study discusses ecosystem services, which are natural resources that are utilized and managed by humans for their daily needs. This research was conducted at Medini Tea Plantation, Kendal Regency where there are plantation ecosystem services including artificial ecosystem services. However, at present the ecosystem services of Medini Tea Plantation have not been managed properly. This study aims to assess the community's perception of ecosystem services (providing, regulation and culture) at Medini Tea Plantation, Kendal. This study has 4 objectives, namely: (1) identifying the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents, (2) analyzing the community's perception of the provision of ecosystem services, (3) analyzing the assessment of the community's perception of the regulatory ecosystem service, (4) analyzing the perception of tourists/visitors on the cultural ecosystem services. The research approach was carried out quantitatively descriptive and qualitative with scoring analysis techniques. The research was conducted on 97 respondents from the Ngesrepbalong Village community and 35 respondents from visitors to the Medini Tea Plantation tourist attraction. The results of this study indicate that: (1) the average respondent works at the Medini Tea Plantation and is dominated by women who have lived since birth in Ngesrepbalong Village; (2) assessment of the perception of regulatory services in the medium category with a score of 1.73; (3) the assessment of the perception of regulatory services is in the high category with a score of 1.34; (4) the assessment of the perception of cultural services is in the high category with a value of 1.47.
Recording and Reporting School Attendance and Absence: International Comparative Views on Attendance Statistics in Sweden, Germany, England, and Japan
Authors: Kreitz-Sandberg Susanne , Backlund Åsa , Fredriksson Ulf , Isaksson Joakim , Rasmusson Maria , Gren Landell Malin
Published: June 2023

There is general consensus on the negative consequences of school non-attendance, but from an international comparative perspective, it is surprising how few studies have compared school attendance problems (SAPs) in different societies and education systems. In this article, SAPs are analysed through the lens of official statistics in four countries with different education systems: England, Japan, Germany (represented by two federal states), and Sweden. The purpose of this article is to investigate which data on school attendance and absence are available in four different countries and to facilitate a comparison between school attendance statistics and possibly different conceptualisations of SAPs. The article analyses statistics and official data collected by national school authorities and education agencies. Backgrounds within systems are provided and differences between the countries are analysed. England and Japan provide official data to the public on a regular basis, while Sweden and most federal states in Germany do not. A lower threshold for how much absence is considered problematic is found for Japan, England, and Thuringia (one of the investigated German federal states) compared to Sweden and Berlin (the other German federal state under study). Due to differences in recording and reporting school attendance, it is not possible to compare the quantitative extent of the problem or trends regarding SAPs across the four countries based on the available official school statistics.
Abuse of Dominance and the DMA – Differing Objectives or Prevailing Continuity?
Authors: Šmejkal Václav
Published: June 2023

A new EU regulation called the Digital Markets Act aims to keep digital markets open and fair in the face of the power of the so-called internet gatekeepers. Although the DMA has, at the first sight, much in common with Article 102 TFEU, which prohibits abuse of dominant positions, it declares itself to be a different instrument pursuing different objectives and protecting different legal interests. This text seeks to identify the similarities and differences in the values and objectives pursued between Article 102 TFEU and the DMA. Both are tools in the toolbox of the European Commission’s DG Competition and their complementarity is desirable in theory and practice if competition-incompatible regulation of selected online platforms is not to occur, possibly leading to their unwanted double punishment for the same thing. The analysis carried out leads to the conclusion that, despite the insistence on their separate nature and on differences in their objectives, a value consensus prevails between the two instruments.
The Interplay Between the Essential Facility Doctrine and the Digital Markets Act: Implications to Big Data
Authors: Poščić Ana , Martinović Adrijana
Published: June 2023

Today many companies are collecting and extracting data from different sources to help them with their strategic decision-making. Big data is the basis of data-driven economy, bringing significant competitive advantage and market power to companies who are able to harness and exploit its potential. Digital transformation of markets and economy challenges the existing structures of consumer protection, data protection and competition law. Data is a commodity as well as a strategic asset. The term Big data refers to the amount of data that cannot be processed in a short time by traditional informatics devices. Undertakings possessing a large scale of different data have a competitive advantage. Possible application of the essential facility doctrine to Big data issues has not attracted much attention in competition assessment. This paper will try to fill the gap by providing some insights into competition and data issues. Also, the question whether data can be considered under the essential facility doctrine will be analysed. Furthermore, it will be shown that essential facility criteria are applicable, although there is room for some adjustments to data markets. The last part of the paper will scrutinize the Digital Markets Act that tries to shed some light and clear some possible problematic behaviour of the so-called gatekeepers. The regulation leaves the conventional approach and shortens the process of tackling possible anti-competition concerns. It regulates only those undertakings that have significant impact on market and the possibility to become an important gateway in the future. When the status of a gatekeeper is established in accordance with all prescribed criteria, there will be no need to show that the elements of the essential facility doctrine are fulfilled. The essential facility doctrine will still be relevant to undertakings that are not designated as gatekeepers.
Specific Performance – and the International Unification of Sales Law
Authors: Király Miklós
Published: June 2023

Over the past decades, several approaches have been tried in the process of the unification of contract law to regulate the entitlement to performance in kind, but there is still no generally accepted solution. The Vienna Sales Convention, like its predecessors, resolves the question by a quasi-conflict of laws rule, essentially making the award of specific performance dependent upon the law of the forum, thereby undermining the results of unification. Other sources, such as the UNIDROIT Principles, provide autonomous rules that specify in detail the conditions under which it may be claimed. The Draft Common European Sales Law, continues to attach primary importance to the provision of performance in kind, obviously also bearing in mind the interests of consumers.
Model silnego przywództwa jako antidotum na strach
Authors: Soiński Borys Jacek
Published: June 2023

Celem artykułu Model silnego przywództwa jako antidotum na strach jest sprawdzenie hipotezy, że teorie psychologiczne ukazują wpływ emocji strachu i lęku na poszukiwanie przez człowieka silnego przywódcy. Autor najpierw ukazuje stan badań nad zjawiskiem przywództwa od okresu przednaukowego w psychologii społecznej aż po współczesność. Przedstawia dwie teorie wyjaśniające genezę przywództwa: koncepcję cech przywódcy oraz koncepcję interakcyjną. Następnie ukazuje model silnego przywódcy w świetle trzech ujęć psychologicznych: koncepcję przywódcy charyzmatycznego, koncepcję przywódcy autokratycznego i demokratycznegooraz koncepcję przywódcy transakcyjnego i transformacyjnego. Analizuje także uwarunkowania silnego przywództwa w aspekcie źródeł skuteczności oraz sprawności przywódcy. Ostatnim punktem analiz są poszukiwania psychologicznych uzasadnień mechanizmu poszukiwania przez człowieka silnego przywódcy na podłożu doświadczanego lęku i strachu. Autor przywołuje tu koncepcje Karen Horney oraz Ericha Fromma. Przeprowadzone analizy pozwalają w świetle różnych teorii psychologicznych wyjaśnić, że sytuacje budzące silne emocje lęku i strachu wzmagają potrzebę posiadania silnego przywódcy. Ponadto autor wskazuje, co można robić, aby wpływ lęku i strachu przed rozmaitymi zagrożeniami nie wywoływał w człowieku ślepego i irracjonalnego pragnienia ucieczki od wolności.
Misterium ludzkiego życia w trzech odsłonach
Authors: Guzdek Piotr
Published: June 2023

Urszula Dudziak. Misterium ludzkiego życia: od poczęcia do umierania. Studium dla duszpasterzy i doradców życia rodzinnego. Lublin: Wydawnictwo KUL, 2021, ss. 197.
Recenzowana monografia autorstwa lubelskiej teolog i psycholog, Urszuli Dudziak, stanowi interdyscyplinarne stadium familiologiczne i pastoralne eksplorujące trzy obszary badawcze o pryncypialnym znaczeniu dla duszpasterstwa rodzin: „płciowości i seksualności”, „płodności i prokreacji”, „starzenia się i umierania” człowieka. Celem podjętych w rozprawie badań literaturowych było wypracowanie integralnej syntezy antropologicznej ludzkiego biologizmu rozpatrywanego w ścisłym związku z pozostałymi sferami osobowymi. Autorka kompetentnie posłużyła się metodą monograficzną, wykorzystując metodologię badań teoretycznopoznawczych i szeroko czerpiąc z wyników nauk pomocniczych teologii pastoralnej. Całość opracowania jest dobrym przykładem personologii pastoralnej, która założenia chrześcijańskiej antropologii personalistycznej przekłada na język praktyki pastoralnej Kościoła katolickiego ukierunkowanej na integralny rozwój osoby ludzkiej w trzech szczególnych etapach jej życia: poczęcia i narodzin, aktualizacji zdolności prokreacyjnych i przekazywania daru życia, starzenia się i umierania.
Parafialne rady duszpasterskie – współodpowiedzialność laikatu za wspólnotę parafialną
Authors: Biela Bogdan
Published: June 2023

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest ukazanie znaczenia parafi alnych rad duszpasterskich (PRD) w realizacji ewangelizacyjnej misji Kościoła, co wyraża się poprzez oddziaływanie na kształt i skuteczność duszpasterstwa parafialnego. W związku z powyższym w ramach paradygmatu analizy pastoralnoteologicznej artykuł w pierwszej części ukazuje rolę PRD w świetle nauczania Kościoła. Następnie przedstawia, jaki na podstawie badań jest obraz PRD w Polsce. Artykuł podsumowują wnioski oraz imperatywy pastoralne, aby PRD stawały się faktyczną i owocną strukturą współodpowiedzialności laikatu za realizację misji wspólnoty parafialnej.
Problematyka ważności i godziwości sakramentu pokuty sprawowanego w Bractwie Kapłańskim Świętego Piusa X (FSSPX) w latach 1970-2015
Authors: Pietras Dawid
Published: June 2023

Celem artykułu jest wyjaśnienie kwestii ważności i godziwości sakramentu pokuty celebrowanego przez kapłanów Bractwa Kapłańskiego Świętego Piusa X (FSSPX) w latach 1970-2015. Zastosowano w nim metodę dogmatyczno-prawną, polegającą na analizie istniejących uregulowań prawnych. Ukazano status kapłanów, którzy szafowali sakramentem pokuty bez wymaganej ad validitatem jurysdykcji/upoważnienia, w rezultacie czego sakrament ten był nieważny. Założyć jednak należy, że mógł być w niektórych przypadkach ważny i godziwy z powodu błędu powszechnego lub wątpliwości pozytywnej i prawdopodobnej, kiedy Kościół uzupełnia potrzebną jurysdykcję/upoważnienie (CIC/17, kan. 209; CIC/83, kan. 144). Mógł być ważny także, kiedy wierni ze słusznej przyczyny prosili o ten sakrament, gdyż suspensa tych kapłanów nie została zadeklarowana (CIC/17, kan. 2261 § 2, 2284; CIC/83, kan. 1335 § 2).
Developing Classroom-Based Formative Assessment Literacy: An EFL Teacher’s Journey
Authors: LI Jiayi , Yongqi GU Peter
Published: June 2023

Formative assessment has become an increasingly popular topic in educational reform since the publication of Black and Wiliam’s (1998) highly influential review article. In China, formative assessment has been promoted by the Ministry of Education in its curriculum standards for over two decades. A lack of implementation in classrooms has been attributed to the lack of assessment literacy among classroom teachers. A 12-week professional development program was designed and implemented for a group of five secondary school EFL teachers in China aiming at developing their classroom-based formative assessment literacy. The program took the form of collaborative action research in which a researcher joined the teachers to form a community of practice for continuing professional development. This paper focuses on one teacher’s growth in assessment literacy for classroom-based formative assessment. Classroom video recordings and interviews were transcribed and coded using NVivo 12. Baseline data indicated that the teacher lacked the knowledge and beliefs needed to conduct formative assessment. She did not have clear targets for teaching, learning and assessment; and she did not make any targets clear to her students. In addition, the teacher’s assessment practices did not aim to improve student subject core competencies as stipulated in the senior secondary English language curriculum. By the end of the program, the teacher’s knowledge, beliefs and practices in formative assessment were significantly enhanced. In particular, her goal setting for classroom teaching, learning and assessment was intentionally aligned with the development of subject core competencies. More cycles of formative assessment practices were found to help students close the learning gaps and achieve their learning goals. These findings lend encouraging support to the feasibility of teachers developing formative assessment literacy within a continuing professional development framework.
The role of natural hybrid nanobentonite/nanocellulose in enhancing the water resistance properties of the biodegradable thermoplastic starch
Authors: Lai Di Sheng , Osman Azlin Fazlina , Adnan Sinar Arzuria , Ibrahim Ismail , Sandu Andrei Victor , Rahim Shayfull Zamree Abd , Vizureanu Petrica
Published: June 2023

This study focuses on investigating the effect of hybrid nanofillers on the hydration characteristics and soil biodegradability of the thermoplastic corn starch (TPCS) hybrid nanofiller biocomposite (TPCS-HB) films. The data were benchmarked with that of the pure TPCS and TPCS single nanofiller biocomposite (TPCS-SB) as control films. The water absorption properties of TPCS, TPCS-SB, and TPCS-HB films were analyzed and fitted with the standard Guggenheim–Anderson–de Boer equation to study the water activity of the films. Besides, the water permeability test, water vapor permeability, and soil biodegradability of the films were also studied and correlated with the films’ surface morphology. The results indicated that the TPCS-HB films possess excellent hydration resistance and comparable biodegradable rate with the TPCS-SB films. The optimal water resistance properties were achieved when the optimal ratio of nanobentonite/nanocellulose (4:1) was incorporated into the TPCS matrix. The outcomes of this study provide an innovative idea and new insights that, by using natural and hybrid nanofillers, the hydrophobicity of the TPCS films could be enhanced. TPCS-HB films show great potential to be developed into a fully green biodegradable TPCS biocomposite film, especially for single-use plastic applications.
Quantitative ultrasound to assess efficacy of treatment for neck somatic dysfunctions: a feasibility study
Authors: Tran Anthony , Ngo Thien , Roberts Tanner , Ko Eric , Holmgren Jackson G. , Edwards Chris , Coleman Michele , Gao Jing
Published: June 2023

Context

Neck pain is a common complaint in healthcare clinics. Although the pathogenesis of neck pain is often multifactorial, trapezius muscle dysfunction has been commonly linked to neck pain. Osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment modality in treating trapezius muscle dysfunction and neck pain. However, there is a current lack of objective, quantitative measures to assess the effectiveness of OMT. Through previous research, ultrasound technology has been shown to be promising in its ability to quantify tissue changes both pre- and post-OMT.

Objectives

The objectives of this study are to evaluate the feasibility of shear wave elastography (SWE) in assessing upper trapezius muscles with pain and hypertonicity, as well as the changes in these muscles post-OMT for cervical somatic dysfunctions.

Methods

After obtaining approval from the Rocky Vista University Institutional Review Board and written informed consent from participants, SWE and osteopathic assessments were performed on 22 adult participants with and without cervical spine somatic dysfunction. Participants with positive osteopathic assessments of tissue texture, asymmetry, restricted motion, and/or tenderness (TART) were treated utilizing OMT. Shear wave velocity (SWV, m/s) and shear wave velocity rate [SWVR = (SWV contraction – SWV relaxation)/ SWV relaxation] of the upper trapezius muscles with and without pain and hypertonicity, and before and after OMT, were examined utilizing a two-tailed t-test.

Results

SWV in muscle contraction and SWVR were significantly lower in muscles with pain compared to muscles without pain (p≤0.01). SWV in muscle contraction was also significantly lower in hypertonic muscles compared to normotonic muscles (p<0.01). Following OMT, SWV in muscle contraction and SWVR in muscles with pain and hypertonic increased significantly (p≤0.01). Overall TART score of all muscles with somatic dysfunction (SD) after OMT significantly decreased (p<0.01). SWV in muscle contraction and SWVR in hypertonic muscles were also significantly increased (p≤0.03), with an improvement index of 0.11 and 0.20.

Conclusions

This study’s results demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing SWE to evaluate somatic dysfunctions of the upper trapezius musculature and the efficacy of OMT for neck somatic dysfunctions.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[(μ2-isophthalato-k3
O,O′:O″)(4-(4-pyridyl)-2,5-dipyrazylpyridine-k3
N,N′,N″)cobalt(II)] trihydrate C26H22N6O7Co1
Authors: He Chao-Jun , Wang Zhou-Qin , Wang Yu-Fang
Published: June 2023

C26H22N6O7Co, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 9.0033(4) Å, b = 10.1338(5) Å, c = 15.5122(8) Å, α = 96.164(4)°, β = 

100.835

(
4
)

∘

$100.835{(4)}^{\circ }$

, γ = 

113.867

(
5
)

∘

$113.867{(5)}^{\circ }$

, V = 1244.20(11) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt
(F) = 0.0473, wRref
(F
2) = 0.1023, T = 293(2) K.
Framework for urban sound assessment at the city scale based on citizen action, with the smartphone application NoiseCapture as a lever for participation
Authors: Can Arnaud , Audubert Philippe , Aumond Pierre , Geisler Elise , Guiu Claire , Lorino Tristan , Rossa Emilie
Published: June 2023

The development of citizen-based approaches to the diagnosis and decision-making on urban noise environments responds to a demand from both local authorities and residents. However, the methods for fostering the involvement of citizens and the valorization of local knowledge have yet to be invented. This article reports on a co-constructed experiment between researchers and local authorities, in the city of Rezé (France), of an urban noise diagnosis based on the residents and the use of the smartphone application NoiseCapture, which allows a participative measurement of sound levels. The framework also includes focus group discussions. The dynamics of the recruitment and data collection phase are analysed, showing the importance of creating public events around the initiative. Maps of noise levels, but also of the presence of sound sources, such as road, rail and air traffic, or animals, are produced in a collaborative way. Finally, the focus group discussions highlight that (i) repeated noise measurement modifies participants’ relationship to sound environments; (ii) NoiseCapture enhances the formation of a group of residents active on noise issues. Such a framework can provide a citizen-based basis for decisions on noise environments; the next step will be to study its adaptability to different territories.
NIR-II window absorbing graphene oxide-coated gold nanorods and graphene quantum dot-coupled gold nanorods for photothermal cancer therapy
Authors: Lebepe Thabang C. , Parani Sundararajan , Maluleke Rodney , Ncapayi Vuyelwa , Aladesuyi Olanrewaju A. , Komiya Atsuki , Kodama Tetsuya , Oluwafemi Oluwatobi S.
Published: June 2023

The graphene-based materials have been used as a potential coating material for nanoparticles due to their excellent passivation. Herein, we report for the first time the colloidal stability, photothermal profile, thermal stability, cytotoxicity, and photo-cytotoxicity of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) coupled with the second infrared window (NIR-II) absorbing gold nanorods (AuNRs/GQDs) and compare it to graphene oxide (GO)-coated NIR-II absorbing AuNRs (AuNRs/GO). The composites were achieved by electrostatic interaction of the GO or GQDs with AuNRs. The results revealed that (i) AuNRs/GQDs were more stable in the aqueous phosphate buffer and cell culture media than AuNRs/GO and AuNRs; (ii) GO enhanced the photothermal efficiency of the AuNRs, whereas GQDs reduced it; (iii) GQDs enhanced the photothermal stability of AuNRs than GO; (iv) both AuNRs/GO and AuNRs/GQDs were biocompatible with mouse colon carcinoma (C26) cell lines and malignant fibrous histiocytoma‐like, expressing a fusion of the luciferase and enhanced green fluorescent protein genes (KM-Luc/GFP) cell lines; and (v) photo-cytotoxicity of AuNRs/GO and AuNRs/GQDs conducted against C26 cell lines showed significantly improved cell death compared to laser irradiation alone; however, AuNRs/GO exhibited high photo-toxicity than AuNRs/GQDs. This study shows that AuNRs/GO and AuNRs/GQDs composites possess unique properties to improve AuNRs and be utilised in photothermal applications.
In NATO We Trust(?): The Russian Invasion of Ukraine and EU27 Citizens’ Trust in NATO
Authors: Economou Athina , Kollias Christos
Published: June 2023

Institutional trust is trust in state’s institutions and organizations. Institutional trust also involves trust towards international and intergovernmental organizations such as the UN, the EU and NATO. Institutional trust includes citizens’ trust towards the national security apparatus or security providing organizations such as NATO. The 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine is a major event with wide-ranging momentous political, economic and strategic ramifications. The latter affect European states’ security and defence. Such important events impact citizens’ risk-perceptions (in)security sentiments and hence their trust towards institutions assigned with the task of providing security. The paper examines how the Russian invasion has affected European citizens’ trust towards NATO. To probe into the issue, it uses data from two Eurobarometer surveys. A survey that took place just before the invasion in January and February 2022 and a survey that took place in June and July. A similar to regression discontinuity empirical setup is adopted to examine how European citizens’ trust towards NATO was impacted by the invasion. The empirical findings reported herein are not uniform across all EU member-countries and indicate noteworthy differences on trust towards NATO as a result of the Russian invasion. Nonetheless, on balance, a statistically significant effect is traced by the estimated regressions.
Age and gender differentials in unemployment and hysteresis
Authors: Guisinger Amy Y. , Jackson Laura E. , Owyang Michael T.
Published: June 2023

We use a time-varying panel unobserved components model to estimate unemployment gaps disaggregated by age and gender. Recessions before COVID affected men’s labor market outcomes more than women’s; however, the reverse was true for the COVID recession, with effects amplified for younger workers. We introduce time-variation in both the hysteresis dynamics and the Phillips-curve coefficients on labor market slack. The aggregate Phillips curve flattens over time and hysteresis is countercyclical for all groups. We find heterogeneity in both the Phillips curve and hysteresis coefficients, with wages responding more to workers with an outside option (high school- and retirement-age) and larger effects of hysteresis for younger workers.
Single batch co-production of Pseudomonad polyhydroxybutyrate and rhamnolipids on wasted cooking oil under salinity stress
Authors: Raza Zulfiqar Ali , Tariq Muhammad Rizwan
Published: June 2023

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are emerging biodegradable bioplastics, and rhamnolipids are sustainable biosurfactants; both are considered as alternatives to synthetic petroleum-based plastics and surfactants, respectively. Herein, the effects of three distinct nitrogen sources on PHAs and rhamnolipid yields during the fermentation process have been undertaken. The study focuses on the optimum co-production of PHAs and rhamnolipid using a Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain grown on wasted soybean oil (WSO) with different nitrogen sources in the minimal salts’ media under salinity stress with shake flask conditions. The yields of PHAs and rhamnolipids were observed to be 2.20 g L−1 and 1.02 g L−1, respectively, with carbamide as the sole nitrogen and WSO (2 %, w/v) as the sole carbon source. The fermentative yields of both PHAs (2.37 g L−1) and rhamnolipids (1.24 g L−1) roughly increased up to 8 % under salinity stress. The products were characterized using advanced analytical techniques. The chemical structure of rhamnolipid with this strain had previously been elucidated, whereas the PHA produced was identified as a poly(hydroxybutyrate).
„Wie jeder normale Mensch auch“. Die Genese des Verdachts in rechtlichen Grauzonen im Kontext proaktiver polizeilicher Personenkontrollen
Authors: Thurn Roman , Fährmann Jan , Aden Hartmut , Bosch Alexander
Published: June 2023

Der deutschen Polizei wird durch verschiedene gefahrenabwehr- und auch strafprozessrechtliche Regelungen die Möglichkeit eröffnet, proaktiv und unter bestimmten Umständen anlassunabhängig Personen zu kontrollieren. Dabei steht sie immer wieder in der Kritik, nach rassistischen Kriterien Personen für eine Kontrolle zu selektieren. Dieser Beitrag untersucht aus einer rechtssoziologischen Perspektive, welcher gesetzliche Entscheidungsspielraum für die Auswahl zur Kontrolle besteht und nach welchen Kriterien die Polizei hierfür selektiert. Hierfür wurden Gruppendiskussionen und Interviews mit Polizeibeamt*innen und Betroffenen von Personenkontrollen sowie teilnehmende Beobachtungen durchgeführt. Wir rekonstruieren die polizeiliche Verdachtsgenese als einen In-/Kongruenzprozess: Dabei orientiert sich der polizeiliche Verdacht im Kontext proaktiver Kontrollen am Verhalten der betreffenden Person, an personenbezogenen Merkmalen wie dem Alter, Geschlecht oder der zugeschriebenen Ethnizität, und dem Ort bzw. Raum ihres Antreffens. Wenn Beamt*innen diese verschiedenen Merkmale als in sich kongruent, bzw. als inkongruent mit polizeilichen Ordnungsvorstellungen wahrnehmen, identifizieren sie die Person als verdächtig. Diese Identifikationsleistung verdichtet sich in ihrer ‚Berufs- und Lebenserfahrung‘. Diese bleibt jedoch als Grundlage für Maßnahmen häufig intransparent und ist weitgehend resistent gegenüber etwaigen Irritationen. Die Polizei bewegt sich damit in einem rechtlichen Graubereich, der höchst anfällig ist für diskriminierende Formen desprofiling.
Circuit and Cell-Specific Contributions to Decision Making Involving Risk of Explicit Punishment in Male and Female Rats
Authors: Truckenbrod Leah M. , Betzhold Sara M. , Wheeler Alexa-Rae , Shallcross John , Singhal Sarthak , Harden Scott , Schwendt Marek , Frazier Charles J. , Bizon Jennifer L. , Setlow Barry , Orsini Caitlin A.
Published: June 2023

Decision making is a complex cognitive process that recruits a distributed network of brain regions, including the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh). Recent work suggests that communication between these structures, as well as activity of cells expressing dopamine (DA) D2 receptors (D2R) in the NAcSh, are necessary for some forms of decision making; however, the contributions of this circuit and cell population during decision making under risk of punishment are unknown. The current experiments addressed this question using circuit-specific and cell type-specific optogenetic approaches in rats during a decision making task involving risk of punishment. In experiment 1, Long–Evans rats received intra-BLA injections of halorhodopsin or mCherry (control) and in experiment 2, D2-Cre transgenic rats received intra-NAcSh injections of Cre-dependent halorhodopsin or mCherry. Optic fibers were implanted in the NAcSh in both experiments. Following training in the decision making task, BLA→NAcSh or D2R-expressing neurons were optogenetically inhibited during different phases of the decision process. Inhibition of the BLA→NAcSh during deliberation (the time between trial initiation and choice) increased preference for the large, risky reward (increased risk taking). Similarly, inhibition during delivery of the large, punished reward increased risk taking, but only in males. Inhibition of D2R-expressing neurons in the NAcSh during deliberation increased risk taking. In contrast, inhibition of these neurons during delivery of the small, safe reward decreased risk taking. These findings extend our knowledge of the neural dynamics of risk taking, revealing sex-dependent circuit recruitment and dissociable activity of selective cell populations during decision making.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTUntil recently, the ability to dissect the neural substrates of decision making involving risk of punishment (risk taking) in a circuit-specific and cell-specific manner has been limited by the tools available for use in rats. Here, we leveraged the temporal precision of optogenetics, together with transgenic rats, to probe contributions of a specific circuit and cell population to different phases of risk-based decision making. Our findings reveal basolateral amygdala (BLA)→nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh) is involved in evaluation of punished rewards in a sex-dependent manner. Further, NAcSh D2 receptor (D2R)-expressing neurons make unique contributions to risk taking that vary across the decision making process. These findings advance our understanding of the neural principles of decision making and provide insight into how risk taking may become compromised in neuropsychiatric diseases.
Metastatic Infiltration of Nervous Tissue and Periosteal Nerve Sprouting in Multiple Myeloma-Induced Bone Pain in Mice and Human
Authors: Diaz-delCastillo Marta , Palasca Oana , Nemler Tim T. , Thygesen Didde M. , Chávez-Saldaña Norma A. , Vázquez-Mora Juan A. , Ponce Gomez Lizeth Y. , Jensen Lars Juhl , Evans Holly , Andrews Rebecca E. , Mandal Aritri , Neves David , Mehlen Patrick , Caruso James P. , Dougherty Patrick M. , Price Theodore J. , Chantry Andrew , Lawson Michelle A. , Andersen Thomas L. , Jimenez-Andrade Juan M. , Heegaard Anne-Marie
Published: June 2023

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a neoplasia of B plasma cells that often induces bone pain. However, the mechanisms underlying myeloma-induced bone pain (MIBP) are mostly unknown. Using a syngeneic MM mouse model, we show that periosteal nerve sprouting of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP+) and growth associated protein 43 (GAP43+) fibers occurs concurrent to the onset of nociception and its blockade provides transient pain relief. MM patient samples also showed increased periosteal innervation. Mechanistically, we investigated MM induced gene expression changes in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) innervating the MM-bearing bone of male mice and found alterations in pathways associated with cell cycle, immune response and neuronal signaling. The MM transcriptional signature was consistent with metastatic MM infiltration to the DRG, a never-before described feature of the disease that we further demonstrated histologically. In the DRG, MM cells caused loss of vascularization and neuronal injury, which may contribute to late-stage MIBP. Interestingly, the transcriptional signature of a MM patient was consistent with MM cell infiltration to the DRG. Overall, our results suggest that MM induces a plethora of peripheral nervous system alterations that may contribute to the failure of current analgesics and suggest neuroprotective drugs as appropriate strategies to treat early onset MIBP.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMultiple myeloma (MM) is a painful bone marrow cancer that significantly impairs the quality of life of the patients. Analgesic therapies for myeloma-induced bone pain (MIBP) are limited and often ineffective, and the mechanisms of MIBP remain unknown. In this manuscript, we describe cancer-induced periosteal nerve sprouting in a mouse model of MIBP, where we also encounter metastasis to the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), a never-before described feature of the disease. Concomitant to myeloma infiltration, the lumbar DRGs presented blood vessel damage and transcriptional alterations, which may mediate MIBP. Explorative studies on human tissue support our preclinical findings. Understanding the mechanisms of MIBP is crucial to develop targeted analgesic with better efficacy and fewer side effects for this patient population.
Learning the Vector Coding of Egocentric Boundary Cells from Visual Data
Authors: Lian Yanbo , Williams Simon , Alexander Andrew S. , Hasselmo Michael E. , Burkitt Anthony N.
Published: June 2023

The use of spatial maps to navigate through the world requires a complex ongoing transformation of egocentric views of the environment into position within the allocentric map. Recent research has discovered neurons in retrosplenial cortex and other structures that could mediate the transformation from egocentric views to allocentric views. These egocentric boundary cells respond to the egocentric direction and distance of barriers relative to an animal's point of view. This egocentric coding based on the visual features of barriers would seem to require complex dynamics of cortical interactions. However, computational models presented here show that egocentric boundary cells can be generated with a remarkably simple synaptic learning rule that forms a sparse representation of visual input as an animal explores the environment. Simulation of this simple sparse synaptic modification generates a population of egocentric boundary cells with distributions of direction and distance coding that strikingly resemble those observed within the retrosplenial cortex. Furthermore, some egocentric boundary cells learnt by the model can still function in new environments without retraining. This provides a framework for understanding the properties of neuronal populations in the retrosplenial cortex that may be essential for interfacing egocentric sensory information with allocentric spatial maps of the world formed by neurons in downstream areas, including the grid cells in entorhinal cortex and place cells in the hippocampus.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe computational model presented here demonstrates that the recently discovered egocentric boundary cells in retrosplenial cortex can be generated with a remarkably simple synaptic learning rule that forms a sparse representation of visual input as an animal explores the environment. Additionally, our model generates a population of egocentric boundary cells with distributions of direction and distance coding that strikingly resemble those observed within the retrosplenial cortex. This transformation between sensory input and egocentric representation in the navigational system could have implications for the way in which egocentric and allocentric representations interface in other brain areas.
STAT1 is required to establish but not maintain interferon‐γ‐induced transcriptional memory
Authors: Tehrani Sahar SH , Mikulski Pawel , Abdul‐Zani Izma , Mata João F , Siwek Wojciech , Jansen Lars ET
Published: June 2023

Exposure of human cells to interferon‐γ (IFNγ) results in a mitotically heritable yet reversible state called long‐term transcriptional memory. We previously identified the clustered GBP genes as strongly primed by IFNγ. Here, we discovered that in primed cells, both interferon‐responsive transcription factors STAT1 and IRF1 target chromatin with accelerated kinetics upon re‐exposure to IFNγ, specifically at promotors of primed genes. Priming does not alter the degree of IFNγ‐induced STAT1 activation or nuclear import, indicating that memory does not alter upstream JAK–STAT signaling. We found STAT1 to be critical to establish transcriptional memory but in a manner that is independent of mere transcription activation. Interestingly, while Serine 727 phosphorylation of STAT1 was maintained during the primed state, STAT1 is not required for the heritability of GBP gene memory. Our results suggest that the memory of interferon exposure constitutes a STAT1‐mediated, heritable state that is established during priming. This renders GBP genes poised for subsequent STAT1 and IRF1 binding and accelerated gene activation upon a secondary interferon exposure.
Functions of double‐negative B cells in autoimmune diseases, infections, and cancers
Authors: Chung Michael King Yung , Gong Lanqi , Kwong Dora Lai‐Wan , Lee Victor Ho‐Fun , Lee Ann Wing‐Mui , Guan Xin‐Yuan , Kam Ngar‐Woon , Dai Wei
Published: June 2023

Most mature B cells can be divided into four subtypes based on the expression of the surface markers IgD and CD27: IgD+CD27− naïve B cells, IgD+CD27+ unswitched memory B cells, IgD−CD27+ switched memory B cells, and IgD−CD27− double‐negative (DN) B cells. Despite their small population size in normal peripheral blood, DN B cells play integral roles in various diseases. For example, they generate autoimmunity in autoimmune conditions, while these cells may generate both autoimmune and antipathogenic responses in COVID‐19, or act in a purely antipathogenic capacity in malaria. Recently, DN B cells have been identified in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and non‐small‐cell lung cancers, where they may play an immunosuppressive role. The distinct functions that DN B cells play in different diseases suggest that they are a heterogeneous B‐cell population. Therefore, further study of the mechanisms underlying the involvement of DN B cells in these diseases is essential for understanding their pathogenesis and the development of therapeutic strategies. Further research is thus warranted to characterize the DN B‐cell population in detail.
Who's afraid of false friends? Cognate ratios in translated and non-translated Dutch
Authors: Vandevoorde Lore , Lefever Els
Published: June 2023

This paper presents an empirical study on the proportion of cognate words (cognate ratios) in translated Dutch texts, compared to cognate words ratio in texts originally written in Dutch. To this end, we compiled a gold standard with manually verified cognate pairs for both studied language pairs, viz. English–Dutch and French–Dutch. In this study, we propose three hypotheses about how translators deal with cognates: (1) translators use the high degree of formal and semantic overlap between cognate translations to their advantage so as to produce the “easiest and fastest” translation (default translation hypothesis), (2) the higher the level of cognateness between a source and target language, the higher the cognate ratio in translated texts will be (cognate facilitation effect), (3) the higher the level of cognateness between the two languages, the more translators will be hesitant to use cognate translations (fear of false friends hypothesis). The results show a mixed picture: whereas not much evidence has been found for the first two hypotheses (depending on the respective language pair), the third hypothesis was confirmed. Further evidence, however, is needed from other language pairs, as cognate-receptiveness appears to be language-specific.
FORMATION OF GROUNDWATER CHEMISTRY IN THE NOWY TARG AREA IN RELATION TO LAND USE
Authors:   Katedra Inżynierii Sanitarnej i Gospodarki Wodnej, Wydział Inżynierii Środowiska i Geodezji, Uniwersytet Rolniczy im. H. Kołłątaja w Krakowie, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Nowobilska-Luberda Aleksandra
Published: June 2023

Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of land development on the chemistry of groundwater. Material and methods: The scope of the study was to analyse the variation in chloride content and the magnitude of electrolytic conductivity over the years 2004-2017 for separate groups of wells in the city of Nowy Targ.Due to the significantly different usage of the land within which the groundwater intakes are located, a grouping of the groundwater intakes was introduced taking this factor into account. Physico-chemical analyses of the samples taken were carried out and archival data was already used.Non-parametric statistical tests such as the Kruskal-Wallis test and the median test were carried out to find statistically significant differences between chloride content and electrolytic conductivity magnitude between the selected groups of intakes. Results and conclusions: The results of the study showed that groundwater chemistry in the analysed wells depends on both natural factors and the nature of land use and the degree of urbanisation. The analyses concluded that land development has a dominant influence on water quality. The Orava-Nowy Targ Basin is a region where groundwater is characterised by a high susceptibility to contamination, and this susceptibility is due to hydrogeological conditions. The results of the tests showed statistically significant differences in chloride content and electrolytic conductivity values between the analysed groups of intakes. The lowest values of the analysed variables, were observed for intakes located in undeveloped areas, far from sources of anthropogenic pressure.
From Bad to Worse
Authors: Graham-Hyde Edward
Published: June 2023

The rhetoric “cult wars,” which began in the 1970s and 1980s, has stagnated in recent decades. Having empirically undermined the “brainwashing” hypothesis, academic research has progressed beyond the classic typologies and discussion of “dangerous cults.” Terms such as “New Religious Movement” became academized in a bid to recalibrate the discussion of religious phenomenon around the individual. However, “cult” rhetoric is still prevalent in popular vernacular, incipient in multiple discourses that redefine the terminology beyond an historic understanding of “religious.” In this article, I outline my initial intention to revisit the terminology currently used in the academy as a result of reflections from participants in my doctoral research. I designed a survey that sought out the thoughts of everyday people in how they perceive the key terms: “cult,” “brainwashing,” “new religious movement” and “minority religion.” Having used the Facebook Advert Centre to widen the reach of the survey, I quickly found that those commenting on the survey were engaging in a battle that is synonymous with the “cult wars” of old. I found that the discourse was predicated upon COVID-19 and a general distrust of “the establishment.” This article analyses the comments engaging with the advert and explores the usage of “cult” rhetoric in contemporary society.
Jazz as film
Authors: Lund Cornelia , Lund Holger
Published: June 2023

In the history of documenting music, Roger Tilton’s film Jazz Dance (1954) is an outstanding experimental approach to early direct cinema. By using a novel, genuinely audio-visual, non-staged, multi-angled approach to recording, the film opened up new ways to capture the vibes of the filmed event and thus turn jazz into film. This article seeks to remedy the lack of academic engagement with Jazz Dance by outlining its status as a seminal example for early direct cinema as well as documenting jazz and jazz dance. To that end, the means and techniques chosen by Tilton and his collaborators to convey the impression and vibe of jazz as well as the aesthetic approach to the combination of jazz dance and music in the film will be analysed. Furthermore, Jazz Dance will be discussed and positioned within in the larger field of documentary films that bring together jazz music and dance.
Humans and Nature
Authors: Wijsen Frans , Bagir Zainal Abidin , Yusuf Mohamad , Ma’arif Samsul , Marsiyanti Any
Published: June 2023

The Human and Nature scale (HaN scale) was developed in the Western context to investigate the relationship between ideas about nature and landscape planning. This pilot study expands the HaN scale and includes religion as an independent variable to investigate perceptions of human-nature relations in Indonesia. It examines how religious affiliation and religious practices influence visions of human-nature relations. This study shows that religious affiliation makes no difference. Muslims, Catholics, Protestants, and Hindus share their acceptance of the stewardship, partnership, and participation models while rejecting the master model. However, religious practice does make a difference. Those who practice religion to a lesser extent tend to agree more with the mastery vision than those who practice religion to a greater extent. This study suggests that religion makes a difference, not in terms of what religion respondents affiliate with, but in how religious they are.
Shi‘ite Islamic Religious Authorities and COVID-19
Authors: Sobotková Veronika
Published: June 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected religious life and has temporarily changed some of the important religious rules of Islam. Most of the highest Shi‘ite clerics in Iran and Iraq have become active protagonists in the fight against COVID-19. The author focuses on these clerics’ support of state institutions in matters of hygiene and protection measures as well as bans on gatherings. The author then analyzes the attitudes of these clerics toward changes in religious practices during the Coronavirus epidemic: the prohibition of Friday / congregational prayers, the closing of Shi‘ite shrines (places of burial of Shi‘ite holy Imams), fasting in the holymonth of Ramadan, changes in funeral customs, the issue of martyrdom due to Coronavirus infection and changes in performing the major Shi‘ite religious ceremonies of Ashura and Arba‘een.
Od małej wioski w diecezji krakowskiej do dzielnicy wielkiego miasta w diecezji gliwickiej
Authors: Kopiec Jan
Published: June 2023

In the article the author presents alongside autobiographical references, the most important facts from the history of Szombierki. Once a small village about 2 km from the city of Bytom, Szombierki is nowday’s, a district of this city. This article’s aim is to outline the existence of the Szombierki’s inhabitants from the 14th century to present day. The author in particular concentrates on the past of the church deanery of Bytom that once belonged to the Diocese of Kraków (until 1821). All of this despite the political affiliation of this land to the German Reich (and more precisely to the Czech Kingdom until 1742, and then to Prussia). Their own church and parish Szombierki received in 1905. Since 1992, Szombierki has been part of the Diocese of Gliwice.