bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DAS REABSORÇÕES RADICULARES INFLAMATÓRIAS INTERNA E EXTERNA: NÍVEL DE CONHECIMENTO DOS PROFISSIONAIS ACERCA DO DIAGNÓSTICO DIFERENCIAL
Authors: MARTINS Christine Men , BIANCHINI Fabrício Silva , SOARES Felipe Augusto Maciel , SANCHES Izabella Pereira Ribeiro , COSTA Natany Karollyne Oliveira
Published: August 2017

As reabsorções dentárias patológicas frequentemente se referem à dentição permanente e, dependendo de sua proporção, podem levar à perda da estrutura dentária. Um exemplo desse tipo de reabsorção é a radicular inflamatória dentária, que apresenta origem multifatorial e leva à destruição interna ou externa da raiz. Seu diagnóstico é difícil de ser realizado e o profissional deve estar atento às características sintomatológicas e radiográficas de cada uma delas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi caracterizar as reabsorções radiculares inflamatórias internas e externas e avaliar o nível de conhecimento dos profissionais quanto ao seu diagnóstico diferencial. Para isso, foi realizado um levantamento de dados secundários em revistas nacionais e internacionais e livros relacionados ao tema e aplicado um questionário a 60 profissionais da área. O questionário simples continha uma imagem de reabsorção externa que foi aplicado a profissionais especialistas em endodontia (n=30) e clínicos gerais (n=30), a fim de que respondessem se o caso tratava de reabsorção interna ou externa e a justificativa para a escolha. Dos profissionais entrevistados, 43 responderam que se tratava de reabsorção interna e 16 responderam que se tratava de reabsorção externa (p<0.05). No entanto, foi observado que, apesar da maioria dos profissionais ter respondido erroneamente, muitos sugeriram a necessidade de mais tomadas radiográficas com angulações diferentes e/ou tomografia computadorizada para o diagnóstico diferencial. Conclui-se que a maioria dos profissionais respondeu de forma equivocada ao caso clínico apresentado, no entanto foi detectada a instrução de alguns profissionais quanto à necessidade de exames complementares para o diagnóstico preciso.
ESTUDO DA DUREZA DE RESINAS ORTODÔNTICAS FOTOPOLIMERIZÁVEIS
Authors: SOSTENA Michela Melissa Duarte Seixas , MORAES João Carlos Silos , BARBOSA José Carlos , SANTOS Alailson Domingos dos
Published: August 2017

O estudo da dureza de resinas odontológicas é de grande importância, pois permite a caracterização destes materiais quanto às suas propriedades mecânicas. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a dureza das resinas Fill Magic, Transbond XT e Ortho Lite Cure. As resinas ortodônticas Fill Magic Ortodôntico, Ortho Lite Cure e Transbond XT foram submetidas a ensaios mecânicos de microdureza Vickers, variando-se a fonte de luz, o tempo de exposição à luz e o meio de armazenamento. As resinas Ortho Lite Cure e Transbond XT apresentaram melhores resultados de microdureza. Observou-se que as características estruturais dos materiais foi fator relevante nos resultados obtidos. A densidade de potência da fonte de luz influenciou nos resultados de dureza. Não houve diferenças significativas nos resultados segundo o meio de armazenamento.
EDITORIAL
Authors: GOMES FILHO João Eduardo
Published: August 2017

O lançamento de uma revista científica é sempre um deslumbramento, pois significa mais um espaço concorrido para se colocar o trabalho de anos em um concentrado volume de palavras. A essência de uma revista científica reflete a oportunidade de divulgar resultados de estudos, pesquisas e achados clínicos para que a comunidade possa interagir de forma ativa na formação de novos conceitos quebrando ou fortalecendo paradigmas.

            Uma prática baseada em ciência tem se firmado de forma muito consistente no mundo contemporâneo e, as revistas científicas ocupam um papel de destaque no planejamento e execução de uma Odontologia focada em promoção de saúde num padrão internacional.

            A concepção de uma revista demanda muito planejamento, critério e dedicação para que o resultado possa ser desfrutado pelos leitores. É um trabalho que também traz o deleite para o Corpo Editorial que pode finalmente ter sua criação concebida e apreciada. Inspirada também no coletivo acadêmico da FUNEC através de debates, reflexões e planejamentos, formaliza-se como um importante instrumento de crescimento profissional.

            De periodicidade semestral, com caráter generalista, determinado pela natureza da Odontologia multi-especialidades, a Revista Funec Científica - Odontologia é orientada por um excelente Conselho Editorial que organiza a publicação de textos em português com ambição e ousadia, contando com um corpo de especialistas ad hoc para apreciar e selecionar os trabalhos submetidos. Uma vez que o processo editorial é controlado e transparente poderá ser reconhecida como uma revista acadêmica de excelência na Odontologia.

            Como se percebe, um trabalho primoroso está disponível para reflexão, elevando o conhecimento teórico para uma prática embasada cientificamente. Ao ler esta obra temos a oportunidade de enriquecer intelectualmente. Aprendendo, praticando, acertando e errando construimos nosso futuro.
PEMBUATAN MIKROKRISTALIN SELULOSA ROTAN MANAU (Calamus manan sp.) SERTA KARAKTERISASINYA
Authors: . Steven , . Mardiyati , Suratman R.
Published: August 2017

Rattan is one of natural resources of Indonesia which contains 30%-40% cellulose. Its high cellulose contents makes it very potential as a source of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). In this research, manau rattan was characterized by using the Chesson methods. Microcrystalline cellulose was prepared by using two methods, i.e. alkalization and acid hydrolysis. Alkalization was performed by soaking manau rattan powder into sodium hydroxide 17,5% for 8 hours. Acid hydrolysis was prepared by using sulfuric acid at a concentration of 0.1 M; 0.3 M; and 0.5 M for 4, 6, 8, and 10 hours. The crystallinity of MCC was quantitatively measured by XRD and qualitatively measured by using FTIR. In this research, we have successfully made microcrystalline cellulose from manau rattan. The highest crystallinity MCC of 72.42% was obtained from acid hydrolysis with 0.5 M for 10 hours. The crystallinity of the MCC product increases with concentration and hydrolysis time.Keywords: acid hydrolisis, alkalization, cellulose, manau rattan, MCCABSTRAKRotan merupakan salah satu kekayaan hayati Indonesia yang mengisi sepuluh persen hutan di Indonesia yang memiliki kadar selulosa mencapai 30-40%. Kadar selulosa yang cukup tinggi membuat rotan sangat berpotensi untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku mikrokristalin selulosa (MCC). Rotan manau dikarakterisasi menggunakan metode Chesson. Pembuatan mikrokristalin selulosa terdiri atas dua tahap, yaitu alkalisasi dan hidrolisi asam. Tahap alkalisasi dilakukan dengan merendam rotan di dalam larutan NaOH 17,5% selama 8 jam. Tahap hidrolisis asam dilakukan dengan menggunakan asam sulfat pada berbagai konsentrasi, yakni 0,1; 0,3 dan 0,5 M selama 4, 6, 8, dan 10 jam. Kristalinitas dari MCC yang dihasilkan diukur dengan menggunakan XRD. Untuk mengetahui komposisi kimia serta kristalinitas MCC secara kualitatif, telah dilakukan karakterisasi dengan menggunakan FTIR. Pada penelitian ini, telah berhasil dibuat MCC yang bersumber dari rotan manau. Kristalinitas MCC tertinggi dihasilkan dengan perlakuan hidrolisis asam dengan konsentrasi 0,5 M selama 10 jam, yaitu sebesar 72,42%. Seiring dengan peningkatan konsentrasi serta waktu hidrolisis, kristalinitas MCC yang dihasilkan semakin tinggi.Kata kunci: alkalisasi, hidrolisis asam, selulosa, MCC, rotan manau
Greenscape as Screenscape - The Cinematic Urban Garden
Authors: Gerlach Nina
Published: August 2017

The relationship between city and garden appears in many feature films in order to visualize narrative dualisms. In particular, the character of the border - as a fundamental medial characteristic of gardens - determines the meaning of the represented space. According to the Western representation of ideal places and the historically-developed antagonism of city and garden, the border defines the latter as the diametrically opposed utopian antithesis to urban life. This antagonism is used, for example, in The Garden of the Finzi-Continis (1970) in the political context of World War II, or as in Being There (1979), embedded in a philosophical discourse centered on Voltaire and Sartre.
A Grave Garden: Aritha van Herk's Calgary
Authors: Boyd Shelley
Published: August 2017

In her long poem Calgary, This Growing Graveyard, Aritha van Herk presents the cemetery as a public garden of critical reflection within the rapidly changing urban environment of Calgary, Alberta. Foregrounding the simultaneous processes of growth and decay, van Herk suggests that the cemetery as garden becomes symbolic not only of the city’s successive generations, but also of the ongoing creation, destruction, and recreation of the city’s physical-cultural landscape. First published in 1987, Calgary, This Growing Graveyard captures the “boom and bust” economy of Calgary following the implementation of Canada’s National Energy Program in 1980. Now in 2007, van Herk’s poem turns prophetic as Calgarians experience the growing pains that coincide with a lucrative economy, mass migration, and urban sprawl.
The Garden in the City
Authors: Johnson Lorraine
Published: August 2017

Video presentation of the opening keynote address given at the 2007 Greenscapes conference at Brock University (St. Catharines, ON). Lorraine Johnson is the author of numerous books related to environmental issues and gardening, including The New Ontario Naturalized Garden; 100 Easy-to-Grow Native Plants for Canadian Gardens; and The Gardener's Manifesto. In this address Johnson discusses some key ideas relating to the theme of "the garden in the city."
Commedia dell'arte Actresses and the Performance of Lovesickness
Authors: Hurley Clarissa Hanora
Published: August 2017

In the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries there was a conjunction of interest in erotomania as a “real” medical condition and the representation of that condition in literature and on the popular stage. This period corresponds with the rise of the professional actress of the commedia dell’arte. This paper explores some instances of pazzia (madness) scenes in the scenarios of Flaminio Scala and contemporary accounts of commedia performances with a view to better understanding the role of the professional theatre and professional actress in shaping and reflecting cultural attitudes towards gender-based erotic “distraction”.
Buried Treasure
Authors: Szoke Donna
Published: August 2017

Buried Treasure: Creative Work.
Screen shot 6
Authors: B G
Published: August 2017

Polyglot mosaic
Screen shot 19
Authors: B G
Published: August 2017

Polyglot mosaic
Screen shot 20
Authors: B G
Published: August 2017

Polyglot mosaic
Screen shot 22
Authors: B G
Published: August 2017

Polyglot mosaic
I Brake for Blind People
Authors: Greene Kevin
Published: August 2017

bumper sticker
Text in Braille
Authors: Kloostera Sonya
Published: August 2017

poem
L'éloge de l'ombre
Authors: Durand Chantal
Published: August 2017

creation by Chantal Durand (see Tanizaki)
Weary Wanderers 1
Authors: Manchego-Badiola Daniel F.
Published: August 2017

series
Weary Wanderers 2
Authors: Manchego-Badiola Daniel F.
Published: August 2017

image
Painting Trail in Installation
Authors: Authors Collective
Published: August 2017

Paintings and Installation for "In the Park, the Horses Didn't Mind", NAC, St. Catharines, Ontario. Curators: Catherine Parayre and Shawn Serfas
Manifeste de l'écrivaine
Authors: Batke Mikaela
Published: August 2017

Poème
Anaphores
Authors: Collectifs Auteurs
Published: August 2017

Série d'il y a pour former une histoire sur le modèle du poème de Guillaume Apollinaire
Traveling to Austria (University of Innsbruck, 1-30 June 2016)
Authors: Parayre Catherine
Published: August 2017

Catalogue of the visual arts exhibition at Innsbruk site: "Visual Appropriations and Rewritings" (1-30 June 2016)
Appel d'article pour le numéro 7.2 (septembre 2010)
Authors: Voix plurielles Rédaction
Published: August 2017

appel d'articles
Drawing and Drafting in Architecture Architectural History as a Part of Future Studies
Authors: Pilsitz Martin
Published: August 2017

Architectural historians take an academic interest in past architectural styles and techniques. The actual value of the exploration of the past is to design, from the knowledge gained, a possible image of the future. Consequently, architectural history becomes a part of the futurology. In this context, the first questions are in regard to the fundamental skills of architects. How does work drafting in the architecture? What future presentation methods could be applied? The following article takes a critical look at factors that may influence solutions in the field of drafting in the future, such as the inclusion of the public in the dialogue of the drafting process. This could lead to a discussion about the current didactic for the teaching of drafting and architectural history at universities. Architectural history currently creates a rigid corset for the concepts of styles and for different time frameworks. Is this approach still up-to-date at all? Because of the current teaching method, the vocabulary predominantly originates from the history of art. Accordingly, large numbers of lexical facts are taught and requested, but are there other options available? Against the background of current developments, the question arises: whether architects and architectural historians should not become emancipated and develop, for subject-related issues, their own linguistic forms of expression? If this approach were to be taken into consideration, the knowledge gained and the practical benefits from these studies would be a multiple for the everyday work of prospective architects. As a result, the future of architecture would obtain its own past.
Effect of age of seedlings at staggered planting and nitrogen rate on the growth and yield of transplant Aman rice
Authors: Luna MA , Sarkar MAR , Uddin MR , Sarker UK
Published: August 2017

An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during July to December 2015 to find out the effect of age of seedlings at staggered planting and nitrogen rate on the growth and yield of transplant Aman rice (cv. BRRI dhan46). The experiment comprised three ages of seedlings viz. 30, 45 and 60-day old and six nitrogen rate viz. 0, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120k kg N ha1. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The effect of age of seedlings and nitrogen rates and their interaction were significant on yield and yield contributing characters of transplant Aman rice. The highest plant height, total dry matter production hill1 and leaf area index were recorded in 30-day old seedlings with 80 kg N ha1. Grain yield gradually increased with the use of relatively younger seedlings and 30-day old seedlings produced the highest number of effective tillers hill1 (5.34), grains panicle1 (110.9), 1000-grain weight (24.60 g), grain yield (4.06 t ha1) and straw yield (5.17 t ha1). In case of nitrogen rate, 80 kg N ha1 produce the highest grains panicle1 (113.1), 1000-grain weight (25.39 g), grain yield (4.37 t ha1) and straw yield (5.59 t ha1). In interaction, 30-day old seedlings with 80 kg N ha1 produced the highest effective tillers hill1 (6.22), grains panicle1 (124.1), 1000-grain weight (26.91g), grain yield (4.71 t ha1) and straw yield (6.16 t ha1). Therefore, 30-day old seedlings with 80 kg N ha1 appeared as the promising technique to obtain the highest grain yield. It was also observed that under adverse situation delaying in transplanting may be continued up to 15 September with aged seedlings (60-day old) from the same source and application of nitrogen ranging from 100120 kg ha1 to obtain grain yield ranging from 3.84.0 t ha1.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 15(1): 21-25, January 2017
Microbiological quality assessment for drug resistant pathogenic microorganisms from the fresh vended fruit juices
Authors: Lucky Nurunnahar Akter , Nur Ifra Tun , Ahmed Tasnia
Published: August 2017

Fruit juices are very popular due to their freshness and taste. These juices contain all the nutritive values those were present in whole fruits. Fresh juices are healthful drink for people of all ages. But the condition is quite opposite if they become contaminated with pathogenic bacteria during the juice processing. Because of the nutritive properties juice can give enough opportunities to the microorganisms to survive and multiply. In our current study we included eight types of fresh juices to study the microbial load. All the samples were heavily contaminated. Total bacterial and fungal count was found to be up to 3.0×107 cfu/ml and 2.6×106 cfu/ml, respectively. Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. was present only in one sample. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas spp. were the most prominent in all of the eight samples. Vibrio spp. was found in six samples ranging from 2.0×102 cfu/ml to 2.9×104 cfu/ml. All the pathogenic isolates showed drug resistance towards the most commonly prescribed antibiotics indicating the risk of difficulty in eradicating diseases.Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.6(1) 2016: 7-10
Determination of microbiological quality of packed and unpacked bread
Authors: Khanom Afsana , Shammi Tahmina , Kabir Md Shahidul
Published: August 2017

Wheat and flour contain essential nutrients such as carbohydrate, minerals, fats and proteins which may aid proliferation of microorganisms in products made from cereal grains and kept under improper storage condition. This study was conducted to determine the microbial load of bread and flour sold in packed and unpacked forms by the local and super markets in Dhaka city. Socioeconomic background, awareness of the microbiological contamination, spoilage of bread and flour and hygiene status of the salespeople were also studied to determine any correlation between the contamination of bread and flour sold by local and super markets. About 20 samples of flour (n=10) and bread (n=10) were included in this study to determine the load of total heterotrophic bacteria (THB), total Staphylococcus aureus (TSA), total Enterobacteriaceae (TE), total coliforms (TC), total yeast and mold (TYM). Equal number of unpacked (local market) and packed (supermarket) bread and flour samples were included in this study. TC, TSA and THB counts were found to be ~1.0 log10 cfu/g higher in unpacked (local market) flour samples compared to those of packed (supermarket) samples. TSA counts were significantly higher in unpacked (local market) samples compared to the packed samples (p<0.05). Food handlers of both the groups did not have adequate knowledge and training on food contamination and spoilage. However, salespeople in the supermarkets were found to be more educated, experienced than those in the local markets. This study demonstrates that unpacked (local market) bread and flour are more contaminated than the packed (supermarket) samples and may pose risk of foodborne infection to consumers.Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.6(1) 2016: 24-29
Dynamic Evaluation of Photochemical Grid Model Response to Emission Changes in the South Coast Air Basin in California
Authors: Karamchandani Prakash , Morris Ralph , Wentland Andrew , Shah Tejas , Reid Stephen , Lester Julia
Published: August 2017

This paper describes a study to evaluate the capability of a photochemical grid modeling system to predict changes in ozone concentrations in response to emission changes over a period of several years. The development of regulatory emission control plans to meet air quality standards primarily relies on modeled projections of future-year air quality, although a weight of evidence approach (which takes into account a number of factors including modeling results, model evaluation and other pertinent information such as ambient trends) is recommended and is also typically used as part of the attainment demonstration. Thus, it is important to determine if the modeling system used to project future-year quality can correctly simulate ozone responses to the projected emissions reductions. Uncertainties and errors in modeled projections can lead to erroneous estimates of emissions controls required to attain the standards. We use two existing regulatory modeling databases, employed for forecasting future-year air quality in the South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB) of California, for a number of historical years to evaluate the ability of the system to accurately simulate the observed changes in air quality over a multi-year period. The evaluation results with the older (2012) database show that the modeling system consistently under-predicts the reductions in ozone in response to emission reductions over the years. Model response improves with the newer (2016) database with good agreement at some locations, but the system still tends to under-predict ozone responses by as much as a factor of 2 in recent years for the Basin maximum ozone design value. This suggests that future-year estimates of ozone design values may be overly conservative, resulting in emission controls that are technologically challenging or very expensive to implement. The development of better emission inventories and model inputs is recommended to develop a modeling system that more accurately responds to emission changes. Future regulatory planning should include dynamic evaluation in addition to the traditional operational evaluation of the model to provide more confidence to all stakeholders that the resulting policy decisions are necessary to attain the air quality standards and to protect public health.
Comparison of Liver Detargeting Strategies for Systemic Therapy with Oncolytic Adenovirus Serotype 5
Authors: Nguyen Tien , Barry Mary , Turner Mallory , Crosby Catherine , Trujillo Miguel , Morris John , Barry Michael
Published: August 2017

Oncolytic viruses would ideally be of use for systemic therapy to treat disseminated cancer. To do this safely, this may require multiple layers of cancer specificity. The pharmacology and specificity of oncolytic adenoviruses can be modified by (1) physical retargeting, (2) physical detargeting, (3) chemical shielding, or (4) by modifying the ability of viral early gene products to selectively activate in cancer versus normal cells. We explored the utility of these approaches with oncolytic adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) in immunocompetent Syrian hamsters bearing subcutaneous HaK tumors. After a single intravenous injection to reach the distant tumors, the physically hepatocyte-detargeted virus Ad5-hexon-BAP was more effective than conditionally replicating Ad5-dl1101/07 with mutations in its E1A protein. When these control or Ad5 treated animals were treated a second time by intratumoral injection, prior exposure to Ad5 did not affect tumor growth, suggesting that anti-Ad immunity neither prevented treatment nor amplified anti-tumor immune responses. Ad5-dl1101/07 was next chemically shielded with polyethylene glycol (PEG). While 5 kDa of PEG blunted pro-inflammatory IL-6 production induced by Ad5-dl1101/07, this shielding reduced Ad oncolytic activity.
2-S-Lipoylcaffeic Acid, a Natural Product-Based Entry to Tyrosinase Inhibition via Catechol Manipulation
Authors: Micillo Raffaella , Pistorio Valeria , Pizzo Elio , Panzella Lucia , Napolitano Alessandra , D’Ischia Marco
Published: August 2017

Conjugation of naturally occurring catecholic compounds with thiols is a versatile and facile entry to a broad range of bioinspired multifunctional compounds for diverse applications in biomedicine and materials science. We report herein the inhibition properties of the caffeic acid- dihydrolipoic acid S-conjugate, 2-S-lipoylcaffeic acid (LC), on mushroom tyrosinase. Half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 3.22 ± 0.02 and 2.0 ± 0.1 µM were determined for the catecholase and cresolase activity of the enzyme, respectively, indicating a greater efficiency of LC compared to the parent caffeic acid and the standard inhibitor kojic acid. Analysis of the Lineweaver–Burk plot suggested a mixed-type inhibition mechanism. LC proved to be non-toxic on human keratinocytes (HaCaT) at concentrations up to 30 µM. These results would point to LC as a novel prototype of melanogenesis regulators for the treatment of pigmentary disorders.
Binasal Occlusion (BNO), Visual Motion Sensitivity (VMS), and the Visually-Evoked Potential (VEP) in mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI/TBI)
Authors: Ciuffreda Kenneth , Yadav Naveen , Ludlam Diana
Published: August 2017

The diagnosis and treatment of the possible visual sequelae in those with traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents an important area of health care in this special population. One of their most prevalent yet elusive visual symptoms is visual motion sensitivity (VMS). In this review, we present the basic VMS phenomenon and its related symptoms, clinical studies in the area, clinical research investigations using the visual-evoked potential (VEP) as a cortical probe, and possible mechanisms and related neurophysiology that may underlie VMS. Lastly, therapeutic interventions are briefly described, as well as future directions for clinical research and patient care in those with VMS and TBI.
Complex Determinants of Epithelial: Mesenchymal Phenotypic Plasticity in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Klymenko Yuliya , Kim Oleg , Stack M.
Published: August 2017

Unlike most epithelial malignancies which metastasize hematogenously, metastasis of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) occurs primarily via transcoelomic dissemination, characterized by exfoliation of cells from the primary tumor, avoidance of detachment-induced cell death (anoikis), movement throughout the peritoneal cavity as individual cells and multi-cellular aggregates (MCAs), adhesion to and disruption of the mesothelial lining of the peritoneum, and submesothelial matrix anchoring and proliferation to generate widely disseminated metastases. This exceptional microenvironment is highly permissive for phenotypic plasticity, enabling mesenchymal-to-epithelial (MET) and epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) transitions. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on EOC heterogeneity in an EMT context, outline major regulators of EMT in ovarian cancer, address controversies in EMT and EOC chemoresistance, and highlight computational modeling approaches toward understanding EMT/MET in EOC.
Simulation Model Development for Packaged Cascode Gallium Nitride Field-Effect Transistors
Authors: Wu Chih-Chiang , Jeng Shyr-Long
Published: August 2017

This paper presents a simple behavioral model with experimentally extracted parameters for packaged cascode gallium nitride (GaN) field-effect transistors (FETs). This study combined a level-1 metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), a junction field-effect transistor (JFET), and a diode model to simulate a cascode GaN FET, in which a JFET was used to simulate a metal-insulator-semiconductor high-electron-mobility transistor (MIS-HEMT). Using the JFET to simulate the MIS-HEMT not only ensures that the curve fits an S-shape transfer characteristic but also enables the pinch-off voltages extracted from the threshold voltage of the MIS-HEMT to be used as a watershed to distinguish where the drop in parasitic capacitance occurs. Parameter extraction was based on static and dynamic characteristics, which involved simulating the behavior of the created GaN FET model and comparing the extracted parameters with experimental measurements to demonstrate the accuracy of the simulation program with an integrated circuit emphasis (SPICE) model. Cascode capacitance was analyzed and verified through experimental measurements and SPICE simulations. The analysis revealed that the capacitance of low-voltage MOSFETs plays a critical role in increasing the overall capacitance of cascode GaN FETs. The turn-off resistance mechanism effectively described the leakage current, and a double-pulse tester was used to evaluate the switching performance of the fabricated cascode GaN FET. LTspice simulation software was adopted to compare the experimental switching results. Overall, the simulation results were strongly in agreement with the experimental results.
Collaborative Scheduling between OSPPs and Gasholders in Steel Mill under Time-of-Use Power Price
Authors: Hao Juxian , Zhao Xiancong , Bai Hao
Published: August 2017

Byproduct gases generated during steel production process are the main fuels for on-site power plants (OSPPs) in steel enterprises. Recently, with the implementation of time-of-use (TOU) power price in China, increasing attention has been paid to the collaborative scheduling between OSPPs and gasholders. However, the load shifting potential of OSPPs has seldom been discussed in previous studies. In this paper, a mixed integer linear programming (MILP)-based scheduling model is built to evaluate the load shifting potential and the corresponding economic benefits. A case study is conducted on two steel enterprises with different configurations of OSPPs, and the optimal operation strategy is also discussed.
Spectral Response of Polycrystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Cells under Real-Use Conditions
Authors: Gouvêa Evaldo , Sobrinho Pedro , Souza Teófilo
Published: August 2017

The standard test conditions for photovoltaic modules are not capable of reproducing the environmental variations to which the modules are subjected under real operating conditions. The objective of this experimental work is to be an initial study on how the electric energy generation of photovoltaic cells varies according to the different wavelength ranges of the solar light spectrum under real operating conditions. Two modules were installed outdoors; color filters, which allow the passage of light at specific wavelengths, were installed on one of them. The amount of energy produced by the module with the filter was compared to the reference module, and the relative efficiency of each filter was defined. As a result, it was found that crystalline silicon modules do not respond uniformly to sunlight, being more sensitive to the red band (relative efficiency of 23.83%) and less sensitive to the green band (19.15%). The infrared contributes to a significant portion of energy production (relative efficiency of 13.56%), overcoming its negative effect of reducing energy generation capacity due to high photovoltaic cell temperature.
Physicochemical and Geotechnical Alterations to MX-80 Bentonite at the Waste Canister Interface in an Engineered Barrier System
Authors: Davies Christopher , Davie Colin , Edward Charles , White Maggie
Published: August 2017

The study investigated the basic geomechanical and mineralogical evolution of the bentonite barrier under various experimental boundary conditions which replicated the near-field Thermo-Hydro-Chemico (THC) conditions in a repository. The relationships between the physicochemical alterations and changes in the geotechnical properties have seldom been studied, especially on a consistent dataset. This paper attempts to link the physicochemical properties of Na-bentonite (MX-80) to the macro-scale engineering functionality of the bentonite post THC exposure. Experiments investigated the impact of THC variables on the engineering and physicochemical functionality of the bentonite with respect to its application within a High-Level Waste (HLW) engineered barrier system. Intrinsic alterations to the MX-80 bentonite under relatively short-term exposure to hydrothermal and chemical conditions were measured. Additionally, two long-term tests were conducted under ambient conditions to consider the impact of exposure duration. The intrinsic measurements were then related to the overall performance of the bentonite as a candidate barrier material for application in a UK geological disposal facility. Findings indicate that exposure to thermo-saline-corrosion conditions (i.e., corrosion products derived from structural grade 275 carbon steel) inhibits the free swell capacity and plasticity of the bentonite. However, the measured values remained above the design limits set out for the Swedish multi-barrier concept, from which the UK concept may take a lead. Corrosion alone does not appear to significantly affect the geotechnical measurements compared with the influence of thermal loading and high saline pore water after relatively short-term exposure. Thermal and corrosion exposure displayed no impact on the intrinsic swelling of the smectite component, indicating that no significant structural alteration had occurred. However, when exploring more complex saline solutions i.e., mixed Na, K and Ca, rather than the reference NaCl, divalent cation replacement was observed within the interlayer exchange site. This was accelerated in higher thermal loading conditions.
Removal of Arsenic (V) from Aqueous Solutions Using Chitosan–Red Scoria and Chitosan–Pumice Blends
Authors: Asere Tsegaye , Mincke Stein , De Clercq Jeriffa , Verbeken Kim , Tessema Dejene , Fufa Fekadu , Stevens Christian , Du Laing Gijs
Published: August 2017

In different regions across the globe, elevated arsenic contents in the groundwater constitute a major health problem. In this work, a biopolymer chitosan has been blended with volcanic rocks (red scoria and pumice) for arsenic (V) removal. The effect of three blending ratios of chitosan and volcanic rocks (1:2, 1:5 and 1:10) on arsenic removal has been studied. The optimal blending ratio was 1:5 (chitosan: volcanic rocks) with maximum adsorption capacity of 0.72 mg/g and 0.71 mg/g for chitosan: red scoria (Ch–Rs) and chitosan: pumice (Ch–Pu), respectively. The experimental adsorption data fitted well a Langmuir isotherm (R2 > 0.99) and followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. The high stability of the materials and their high arsenic (V) removal efficiency (~93%) in a wide pH range (4 to 10) are useful for real field applications. Moreover, the blends could be regenerated using 0.05 M NaOH and used for several cycles without losing their original arsenic removal efficiency. The results of the study demonstrate that chitosan-volcanic rock blends should be further explored as a potential sustainable solution for removal of arsenic (V) from water.
Associations between Malocclusion and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life among Mongolian Adolescents
Authors: Araki Miyu , Yasuda Yuko , Ogawa Takuya , Tumurkhuu Tsasan , Ganburged Ganjargal , Bazar Amarsaikhan , Fujiwara Takeo , Moriyama Keiji
Published: August 2017

Malocclusion may affect oral health-related quality of life (OHR-QoL), however, the previously detected associations were affected by confounding factors. We hypothesized that there is indeed an association between OHR-QoL and malocclusion and investigated in a population-based study of 420 Mongolian adolescents mean age: 12.6 (standard deviation (SD) = 1.09) years from two secondary schools, located in an urban and a suburban area. We randomly selected two classes from each school. The Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) was used to assess malocclusion. OHR-QoL was assessed using the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ). Multivariate analysis was used to determine whether malocclusion had an independent effect on OHR-QoL. Overall, the existence of any type of malocclusion was not significantly associated with CPQ results. However, increased overjet was significantly associated with oral symptoms (coefficient: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.14–1.19), functional limitations (coefficient: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.17–1.08), and social well-being (coefficient: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.06–0.93). Deep bite was also significantly associated with oral symptoms (coefficient: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.23–0.84) and functional limitations (coefficient: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.19–0.72). Although malocclusion per se was not significantly associated with OHR-QoL, specific types of malocclusion, i.e., increased overjet and deep bite, were associated with OHR-QoL.
The Variation Analysis of DNA Methylation in Wheat Carrying Gametocidal Chromosome 3C from Aegilops triuncialis
Authors: Wang Dan , Zhao Jieyu , Bai Yan , Ao You , Guo Changhong
Published: August 2017

Gametocidal (Gc) chromosomes can ensure their preferential transmission by killing the gametes without themselves through causing chromosome breakage and therefore have been exploited as an effective tool for genetic breeding. However, to date very little is known about the molecular mechanism of Gc action. In this study, we used methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism (MSAP) technique to assess the extent and pattern of cytosine methylation alterations at the whole genome level between two lines of wheat Gc addition line and their common wheat parent. The results indicated that the overall levels of cytosine methylation of two studied Gc addition lines (CS–3C and CS–3C3C, 48.68% and 48.65%, respectively) were significantly increased when compared to common wheat CS (41.31%) and no matter fully methylated or hemimethylated rates enhanced in Gc addition lines. A set of 30 isolated fragments that showed different DNA methylation or demethylation patterns between the three lines were sequenced and the results indicated that 8 fragments showed significant homology to known sequences, of which three were homologous to MITE transposon (Miniature inverted–repeat transposable elements), LTR-retrotransposon WIS-1p and retrotransposon Gypsy, respectively. Overall, our results showed that DNA methylation could play a role in the Gc action.
Histological and Immunohistochemical Analyses of Repair of the Disc in the Rabbit Temporomandibular Joint Using a Collagen Template
Authors: Wang Kuo-Hwa , Chan Wing , Chiu Li-Hsuan , Tsai Yu-Hui , Fang Chia-Lang , Yang Charn-Bing , Chen Kuan-Chou , Tsai Hung-Li , Lai Wen-Fu
Published: August 2017

A previous study demonstrated that the reconstituted type I collagen matrix extracted from rabbit tendons enabled the TMJ disc to regenerate in the rabbit. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and mechanisms of regeneration in the TMJ disc. In 36 New Zealand rabbits that underwent a partial discectomy, discs were replaced with reconstituted collagen templates for 3 months. A histological analysis showed that moderate to severe degeneration appeared in partially discectomized joints without implantation. In contrast, discs experienced regeneration of reconstituted collagen template implantation and the joint returned to normal function. Cells in the regenerative tissue expressed ECM, and fibers became regular and compact due to tissue remodeling over time. Reparative cells differentiated into chondroblasts, and showed highly dense pericellular fibers. The morphology and collagen composition of the disc and condyle in the 3-month experimental group were similar to those of normal tissues. In conclusion, the reconstituted collagen template facilitated the regeneration of surgically discectomized discs. Type I and type II collagens play a crucial role in the regeneration of articular discs.
Tribological Properties of Aluminium Alloy Composites Reinforced with Multi-Layer Graphene—The Influence of Spark Plasma Texturing Process
Authors: Kostecki Marek , Woźniak Jarosław , Cygan Tomasz , Petrus Mateusz , Olszyna Andrzej
Published: August 2017

Self-lubricating composites are designed to obtain materials that reduce energy consumption, improve heat dissipation between moving bodies, and eliminate the need for external lubricants. The use of a solid lubricant in bulk composite material always involves a significant reduction in its mechanical properties, which is usually not an optimal solution. The growing interest in multilayer graphene (MLG), characterised by interesting properties as a component of composites, encouraged the authors to use it as an alternative solid lubricant in aluminium matrix composites instead of graphite. Aluminium alloy 6061 matrix composite reinforced with 2–15 vol % of MLG were synthesised by the spark plasma sintering process (SPS) and its modification, spark plasma texturing (SPT), involving deformation of the pre-sintered body in a larger diameter matrix. It was found that the application of the SPT method improves the density and hardness of the composites, resulting in improved tribological properties, particularly in the higher load regime.
A Low Temperature Detoxification Method for Treatment of Chrysotile-Containing Waste Roofing Slate
Authors: Jo Hwanju , Jang Young Nam , Jo Jung Hyun
Published: August 2017

In this study, we evaluated a two-step process for detoxification of waste roofing slate, involving cement hydrate removal and low temperature detoxification using oxalic acid. These treatments were conducted on raw material and intermediate product, respectively. Cement hydrate removal effectively eliminated most Ca-containing cement hydrate components from the raw material under the following conditions: HCl to solid ratio: 0.456 g/g, reaction time: 2 h, and solid to liquid ratio: 0.124 g/mL. Following low temperature (~100 °C) detoxification of intermediate product obtained after cement hydrate removal, chrysotile in waste roofing slate was effectively transformed to Mg-oxalate under conditions of oxalic acid to solid ratio of >0.67 g/g.
Research on a Nonwoven Fabric Made from Multi-Block Biodegradable Copolymer Based on l-Lactide, Glycolide, and Trimethylene Carbonate with Shape Memory
Authors: Walczak Joanna , Chrzanowski Michał , Krucińska Izabella
Published: August 2017

The presented paper concerns scientific research on processing a poly(lactide-co-glycolide-co-trimethylene carbonate) copolymer (PLLAGLTMC) with thermally induced shape memory and a transition temperature around human body temperature. The material in the literature called terpolymer was used to produce smart, nonwoven fabric with the melt blowing technique. Bioresorbable and biocompatible terpolymers with shape memory have been investigated for its medical applications, such as cardiovascular stents. There are several research studies on shape memory in polymers, but this phenomenon has not been widely studied in textile products made from shape memory polymers (SMPs). The current research aims to explore the characteristics of the PLLAGLTMC nonwoven fabric in detail and the mechanism of its shape memory behavior. In this study, the nonwoven fabric was subjected to thermo-mechanical, morphological, and shape memory analysis. The thermo-mechanical and structural properties were investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, scanning electron microscopic examination, and mercury porosimetry measurements. Eventually, the gathered results confirmed that the nonwoven fabric possessed characteristics that classified it as a smart material with potential applications in medicine.
Asymmetric Michael Addition Organocatalyzed by α,β-Dipeptides under Solvent-Free Reaction Conditions
Authors: Avila-Ortiz C. Gabriela , Díaz-Corona Lenin , Jiménez-González Erika , Juaristi Eusebio
Published: August 2017

The application of six novel α,β-dipeptides as chiral organocatalysts in the asymmetric Michael addition reaction between enolizable aldehydes and N-arylmaleimides or nitroolefins is described. With N-arylmaleimides as substrates, the best results were achieved with dipeptide 2 as a catalyst in the presence of aq. NaOH. Whereas dipeptides 4 and 6 in conjunction with 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) and thiourea as a hydrogen bond donor proved to be highly efficient organocatalytic systems in the enantioselective reaction between isobutyraldehyde and various nitroolefins.
Comment on: Chocolate Consumption and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease, Stroke, and Diabetes: A Meta-analysis of prospective Studies, Nutrients 2017, 9, 688
Authors: Hurtado-Torres Gilberto
Published: August 2017

Shen Yuan et al. [1] highlight the protective cardiometabolic effects of chocolate intake. Without doubt, their work contributes to support evidence about the salutary and wide protective effects of chocolate compounds, particularly flavanols and its derivatives.[...]
Suppression of Wnt Signaling and Osteogenic Changes in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells by Eicosapentaenoic Acid
Authors: Saito Yukihiro , Nakamura Kazufumi , Miura Daiji , Yunoki Kei , Miyoshi Toru , Yoshida Masashi , Kawakita Norifumi , Kimura Tomonari , Kondo Megumi , Sarashina Toshihiro , Akagi Satoshi , Watanabe Atsuyuki , Nishii Nobuhiro , Morita Hiroshi , Ito Hiroshi
Published: August 2017

Vascular medial calcification is often observed in patients with arteriosclerosis. It is also associated with systolic hypertension, wide pulse pressure, and fluctuation of blood pressure, which results in cardiovascular events. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) has been shown to suppress vascular calcification in previous animal experiments. We investigated the inhibitory effects of EPA on Wnt signaling, which is one of the important signaling pathways involved in vascular calcification. Intake of food containing 5% EPA resulted in upregulation of the mRNA expression of Klotho, an intrinsic inhibitor of Wnt signaling, in the kidneys of wild-type mice. Expression levels of β-catenin, an intracellular signal transducer in the Wnt signaling pathway, were increased in the aortas of Klotho mutant (kl/kl) mice compared to the levels in the aortas of wild-type mice. Wnt3a or BIO, a GSK-3 inhibitor that activates β-catenin signaling, upregulated mRNA levels of AXIN2 and LEF1, Wnt signaling marker genes, and RUNX2 and BMP4, early osteogenic genes, in human aorta smooth muscle cells. EPA suppressed the upregulation of AXIN2 and BMP4. The effect of EPA was cancelled by T0070907, a PPARγ inhibitor. The results suggested that EPA could suppress vascular calcification via the inhibition of Wnt signaling in osteogenic vascular smooth muscle cells via PPARγ activation.
Revolution in the Afterlife
Authors: Kwon Heonik
Published: August 2017

The idea of an afterlife is formative of modern social scientific enquiry into the normative fabrics of human sociality. The idea also indicates how societies come to terms with their destructive past. Focusing on the legacies of the Vietnam War, this essay explores how the historical experience of generalized loss and displacement can radically change the traditional conception of an afterlife.
Auguste Comte and Consensus Formation in American Religious Thought—Part 1: The Creation of Consensus
Authors: Sacks Kenneth
Published: August 2017

French intellectual Auguste Comte was the most influential sociologist and philosopher of science in the Nineteenth Century. This first of two articles summarizes his complex life’s works and details reactions to them by Transcendentalists and Unitarians, from its American introduction in 1837 until just after the Civil War. Using public speeches and published essays, the article analyzes the ways in which intellectuals supported and criticized Comte’s theories. Because he wrote in such abstract and difficult French, criticisms centered not on the nuances of his work, but more superficially on his alleged atheism. These attacks occur because of a variety of consequences of the Civil War that had little to do directly with Comte’s philosophy. Instead, Comte was a convenient vehicle for expressing anxiety over a modernism that included an accelerated threat against religion posed by technology and science and the emerging dominance of that secular knowledge in universities. The second article will analyze Comte’s influence on later Transcendentalists and other post-Unitarian thinkers.