bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HYTELNET as Software for Accessing the Internet: A Personal Perspective on the Development of HYTELNET
Authors: Scott Peter
Published: February 2008

The “community” of computers commonly referred to as the Internet contains vast amounts of information useful to librarians, scholars, networkers, businesspeople, professionals, and the general public. This information comprises online public‐access catalogs, full‐text databases, campuswide information systems, bulletin boards, and other types of knowledge bases. Until recently, discovering what is available has been a painful chore for the user. Paper directories exist, but they are out of date as soon as they are published, and they are cumbersome to update. The HYTELNET software, which gives a user the login addresses and passwords to every known remote site on the Internet, has made the process of finding sources easier. HYTELNET guides a user, with hypertext jumps, through the maze of information sources. This article explains how the program operates, what it comprises, and how it can be updated.
Wide Area Information Servers: An Executive Information System for Unstructured Files
Authors: Kahle Brewster , Morris Harry , Davis Franklin , Tiene Kevin , Hart Clare , Palmer Robin
Published: February 2008

In this paper we present a corporate information system for untrained users to search gigabytes of unformatted data using quasi‐natural language and relevance feedback queries. The data can reside on distributed servers anywhere on a wide area network, giving the users access to personal, corporate, and published information from a single interface. Effective queries can be turned into profiles, allowing the system to automatically alert the user when new data are available. The system was tested by twenty executive users located in six cities. Our primary goal in building the system was to determine if the technology and infrastructure existed to make end‐user searching of unstructured information profitable. We found that effective search and user interface technologies for end‐users are available, but network technologies are still a limiting cost factor. As a result of the experiment, we are continuing the development of the system. This article will describe the overall system architecture, the implemented subset, and the lessons learned.
Design for an Internet‐Based Government‐Wide Information Locator System
Authors: McClure Charles R. , Moen William E. , Ryan Joe
Published: February 2008

This article summarizes a study that identified and described federal information inventory/locator systems. Such locator systems provide an important means of accessing a range of government information not previously available to the public or other government officials. Overall, the study's goal was to improve access to and use of U.S. government information. The study produced a final report describing study efforts, identifying issues and conclusions, and recommending the design of an networked‐based government‐wide information inventory/locator system (GIILS) (Volume I), the Federal Locator Database (FLD) — a machine‐readable database of descriptive information on some 250 federal databases, of which fifty‐three met the study's criteria as a locator, and a user's guide to that database (Volume II includes a machine‐readable version of the database and the user guide and codebook). The study recommends that the U.S. Office of Management and Budget develop a policy framework requiring agencies to design and maintain machine‐readable locators, meeting certain requirements and standards and that these be accessible over the Internet/NREN.
COMPARING THE MANAGERIAL ACTIVITIES AND ORGANIZATIONAL PRACTICES OF CANADA AND TAIWAN
Authors: Chuang James , Ng Ignace
Published: February 2008

This paper investigates the perceptions of Taiwanese and Canadian managers on the importance of their activities and the adoption of selected organizational practices. Responses from 177 Canadian and 178 Taiwanese managers suggest that the latter consider what they do to be more important and inter‐related than their Canadian counterparts. In addition, the results show that Chinese managers express greater concern for their employees' job satisfaction, and are more favorable toward group pay‐for‐performance systems, and workplace rules and regulations.
ANALYZING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MONETARY RESERVES AND COUNTRY POLITICAL RISK: A MODEL FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM‐SIZED MNCs
Authors: Anaam Hashmi M.
Published: February 2008

In this study a relationship between the fluctuation of a nation's monetary reserves and political risk is established. A least square regression model is used for the 1972–87 period and monetary reserves fluctuations of nineteen countries are analyzed. It is concluded that monetary reserves data can be used as a cost efficient proxy for political risk in moderate risk non‐oil exporting countries. Less politically risky countries also exhibit a positive relationship but the results are not statistically significant. This study has special implications for small and medium‐sized corporations. Further, the limitations of this study are discussed.
IDENTIFICATION OF WORLD CLASS MANUFACTURING FACTORS: A SYNTHESIS OF LITERATURE
Authors: Kasul Ruth A. , Motwani Jaideep G.
Published: February 2008

This paper provides a synthesis of world class manufacturing literature by identifying eight critical factors of world class status in a manufacturing environment. These factors can be used individually or collectively to assess a profile or organization‐wide world class manufacturing implementation practices. Researchers can use the critical factors to build theories and models that relate these factors to world class status and an organization's relative position to others in the same environment. Decision makers can isolate the critical factors that are necessary for world class implementation.
EXPERT SYSTEMS APPROACH TO MINIMIZE THE EFFECTS OF BRAIN DRAIN
Authors: Saleem Naveed , Azad Abbas N.
Published: February 2008

Brain drain inflicts serious economic and social hardships on developing countries. Consequently, these countries resort to such measures as governmental regulations and economic incentives, which aim to slow down emigration of their skilled professionals. However, these measures prove generally ineffective. Furthermore, predictive research on brain drain finds only further increase in, rather than any decline of, the exodus of skilled professionals from developing countries, which exacerbates the brain drain problem. This paper advocates the use of expert systems to alleviate the scarcity of expertise caused by brain drain. The use of expert systems for this purpose appears logical, because these systems have been successfully used to combat similar problems in developed countries.
QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES TRANSFER IN LEBANON: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE FINANCIAL SECTOR
Authors: Charbaji Abdulrazzak , Mikdashi Tarek , Chebaro Hadi
Published: February 2008

The past two decades have seen the emergence of a growing interest in using quantitative techniques in decision making. This study investigated “extent of use” and “barriers to using quantitative techniques.” Results suggest that managers over time and across boundaries, have shown weakness in using quantitative techniques. Lebanese managers in the banking industry in particular are unaware of quantitative techniques and intuitive in nature and they rely less on hard data and/or sophisticated models. The debate is no longer about “why use quantitative technique” but about “how should quantitative techniques be used?” As every profession is expected to change, so will the teacher's and the most significant and urgent question at the moment is how to train academic staff to practice what they preach.
IMPROVING INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS IN THE GULF REGION: AN ASSESSMENT
Authors: Kavoossi M.
Published: February 2008

Competition in the international arena is increasing at a rapid rate and has become a given in the business plans of most Middle Eastern corporations and is an increasingly important factor in the planning most other in the developing world. Many regions are not only marketing themselves, but are working to solve infrastructure problems and are building their local executives' capabilities to trade internationally. At present, however, the Gulf states are doing very little on a cohesive region‐wide basis. To be competitive, the Middle East region must embark on a plan of action. This article contains recommendations which will significantly improve the region's image, visibility, international business base, and international infrastructure.
ARE MIDDLE EASTERN BANKS SAFE?
Authors: Wright April
Published: February 2008

The recent political crisis in the Middle East, coupled with several banking failures, have raised concerns about the safety of this region's banks among potential customers and investors in the international market. This paper presents an analysis of the safety of Middle Eastern banks, using capital strength as a measure of safety. A comparison of the capital strength of Middle Eastern banks with a sample of the world's largest banks and the largest U.S. banks (based on capital) is conducted for the period 1988 to 1992. The results of this study indicate that Middle Eastern banks possess significantly higher capital to assets ratios than both world and U.S. banks, and very few Middle Eastern banks failed to meet the Basel minimum capital ratio during this period.
EXTERNAL DEBT AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF SMALL COUNTRIES
Authors: Niroomand Farhang , Hamvi Iskandar S.
Published: February 2008

This paper examines the effects of foreign debts on the economic performance of small countries. Forty‐eight small countries, each with a population of approximately five million, have been desegregated according to their per capita income and geographical location. The groups in question include Africa, the Caribbean region, Latin America, the Middle East, and Europe. Using correlation analysis, analysis of variance, and multiple comparison procedure, the collected data on fourteen economic indicators for each group of countries were analyzed. It was found that the economic effects of external debt varied among countries not only on the basis of their income level, but also on the basis of their geographical locations. Middle Eastern and European countries, being more prosperous, were able to maintain a relatively lower external debt to export ratio and thus were able to attain better economic accomplishments as compared to the poorer nations such as those in Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean region. Within this latter group, those countries which were able to borrow more in relation to their GDP were able to perform better as far as their export, import, and government expenditures are concerned.
DEBT‐EQUITY SWAPS AND THE ALLEVIATION OF THE LDCS DEBT PROBLEM
Authors: Elali Wajeeh
Published: February 2008

Debt‐equity swaps represent a new market‐based mechanism, by which debtor countries and creditor banks can defuse the acute problems associated with the international debt crisis. This paper describes, analyzes and evaluates debt‐equity swaps from the standpoint of the debtor country. It also discusses some of the possible advantages and disadvantages for LDCs that might contemplate the use of such swaps. The paper demonstrates how a successful debt‐equity swap program could play an important role in alleviating the IDCs' debt problem as well as contributing to their future economic growth.
MERCHANT VESSEL CHARTERING AND OPERATION IN INTERANTIONAL TRADE: EHTICAL AND SAFETY ISSUES
Authors: Cameron Williams E. , Trey Denton Luther
Published: February 2008

The global economy is highly dependent upon international ocean shipping and important related industries, such as vessel brokerage and chartering. Maritime safety in today's international economic environment presents policy, management, and ethical dilemmas for global business managers, including those not directly involved with managing marine transportation. This paper presents some of these issues, calls for managerial attention to the ethical problems raised, and adapts an existing framework for ethical decision‐making for this purpose.
ICELAND DRIFTING TOWARDS INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATION: THE PROS AND CONS OF JOINING THE EU
Authors: Katsioloudes Marios I. , Thordardottir Steinunn , Balsmeier Phillip W.
Published: February 2008

This paper discusses the European Free Trade Agreement (EFTA), and the European Union (EU) in relation to Iceland. The fisheries sector is being treated extensively, since it is crucial for Iceland's economic survival. Finally, the paper presents various facts as to whether Iceland should join the EU or not.
CREATING EFFECTIVE ADVERTISING STRATEGIES IN DEVELOPING MARKETS
Authors: Kaynak Erdener , Kucukemiroglu Orsay , Kara Ali
Published: February 2008

In recent years, we have witnessed a tremendous movement of the manufacturing firms around the globe. In response to this trend large advertising agencies from the triad countries are following on the footsteps of their manufacturing clients. In view of these globalization efforts, the advertising industry is experiencing growth in many countries of the world, as evidenced by the increased number of advertising agencies and total billings. In particular, certain issues have come forward for investigation. For instance, how to manage and produce the advertising strategies? Should the domestic agency or in‐house advertising department do it? What are the duties and responsibilities of advertising agencies? The present study examines current structural characteristics of advertising agencies in an advanced developing country , Turkey, and critically compares the role, function, and structure of the advertising agency and client relationships in that country.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF CORPORATE ACCOUNTING IN BELGIUM
Authors: AlNajjar Fouad K.
Published: February 2008

This paper examines accounting practice and its environment in one European country, Belgium, whose capital is home to the European Union (EU). Belgium's national accounting system has witnessed dramatic improvements in the last two decades as it has moved toward a highly standardized accounting system similar to France. This article traces what one author calls “the Belgian accounting revolution,” based on professional literature and personal interviews with senior partners of major accounting firms and academics in Belgium. Little is known in North America about accounting in Belgium. This article intends to fill this gap and provides some insights on accounting in this vital European country.
CULTURAL DETERMINISM AND SYSTEMATIC RISK OF GLOBAL STOCK EXCHANGES
Authors: Riahi‐Belkaoui Ahmed
Published: February 2008

This study relates to the international differences in the systematic risk of global stock exchanges to cultural differences. The results show that the level of the systematic risk of stock exchanges was influenced by various cultural dimensions. Cultural differences create different social environments for the demand and supply of securities by global stock exchanges.
MONEY SUPPLY VARIABILITY AND INTEREST RATE SPREAD IN DEVELOPING ECONOMIES: THE CASE OF NIGERIA
Authors: Gbenedio Pender , Felix Ayadi O. , Okpala Amon
Published: February 2008

This paper applies cointegration technique to investigate the long‐run equilibrium relationship between money supply variability and interest rate spread in Nigeria subsequent to the introduction of a structural adjustment program. The results imply no long‐run equilibrium relationship between money growth variability and interest rate spread between 1985 and 1992. Furthermore, we found evidence from the Pairwise Granger Causality test that supports Friedman's hypothesis that money growth variability impacts the term structure of interest rates. These results have implications for developing economies, especially those that share characteristics similar to Nigeria's.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ADVERTISING INFORMATION IN A U.S. AND MEXICO EDITION OF A MEN'S MAGAZINE
Authors: Falk Louis K. , Jones Robert W. , Foster Dawn E. , Rehman Sharaf
Published: February 2008

This study examines the information content of Mexican and U.S. advertisements in a popular men's magazine to determine the relative levels of information content in the advertising. The research team examined a year's worth of the international and domestic editions of Playboy magazine, using a 14‐point information cue criteria. The study concluded that Mexican magazine advertisements are more informative than those in the U.S. editions. Additional conclusions indicated that information cues are markedly different with respect to frequency within the advertisements of the two countries.
THE FINANCIAL ASPECTS OF AGGREGATE PRODUCTION PLANNING: AN APPLICATION OF TIME‐PROVEN TECHNIQUES
Authors: Pega Magro Fernando J. , Veríssimo Lisboa João , Yasin Mahmoud M.
Published: February 2008

This study presents an integrative approach to addressing the aggregate production problem. The solution suggested by the Linear Decision Rule (LDR) is used to generate the cash budget for a Portuguese mining firm. The generated budget is then compared to the real cash budget of the firm. The results of this study tend to underscore the need for integrating the production and finance subsystem of the firm when devising the production plan. Significant savings resulted from this approach.
CHAIR PROFESSORSHIPS IN BUSINESS IN THE UNITED STATES
Authors: Tang Roger Y.W. , Metwalli Ali M.
Published: February 2008

This paper provides a profile of the 1,454 business chair professorships in the United States in 1997. The five disciplines covered are accounting, economics, finance, management, and marketing. The University of Pennsylvania had the largest number of chairholders in business in 1997. Three other schools that had more than 40 chairholders each were Harvard, Northwestern and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Harvard produced the highest number of graduates serving as chairholders followed by Chicago, MIT, Texas at Austin, Illinois, and Stanford. Most of the schools that produced large numbers of chairholders are listed among the best business schools in the United States.
PERFORMANCE MEASURES AND WEALTH CREATION IN AN EMERGING MARKET: THE CASE OF SAUDI ARABIA
Authors: Eljelly Abuzar M.A. , Alghurair Khalid S.
Published: February 2008

This study examines the association between stock returns and wealth creation (as measured by Market Value Added, MVA) on the one hand, and various performance measures of joint stock companies in Saudi Arabia. These measures include traditional accounting measures; Earning Per Share (EPS), Return on Equity (ROE), and Cash Flow (CF), as well as a relatively recent measure; the Economic Value Added (EVA). The study reveals strong links between various traditional accounting measures and show that those measures give similar indication of a company's overall performance. The results indicate that MVA and stock returns are associated with traditional accounting measures, but not with EVA. However, EPS is found to dominate other measures of performance with respect to its association with stock returns and MVA. The implications of this study are that investors in the Saudi market are most likely using simple traditional accounting performance measures in their valuing of companies, and hence more efforts should be directed to enforcing disclosure requirements for these measures.
THE ETHICS OF HIRING IN THE NEW WORKPLACE: MEN AND WOMEN MANAGERS FACE CHANGING STEREOTYPES, DISCOVER CORRELATIVE PATTERNS FOR SUCCESS
Authors: Merrick Beverly G.
Published: February 2008

Wanted: ManagerAffectionate, childlike person who does not use harsh language, to head our administrative division. We want someone who is cheerful and eager to sooth hurt feelings. The position requires gullibility. This is the perfect job for the tender, yielding individual.Wanted: ManagerCompetitive, ambitious person with leadership ability to head our administrative division. We want someone who is dominant and self‐sufficient. The position requires strong analytical ability. This is the perfect job for a self‐reliant, independent person.
ENTRY INTO LATIN AMERICAN BEMs: HIGH OR LOW RESOURCE COMMITMENT MODES?
Authors: Sharma Varinder M.
Published: February 2008

Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Venezuela have emerged as the key Latin American Big Emerging Markets. Though touted to offer attractive opportunities for foreign firms, these markets are a mixed bag of business and consumer environments. Not surprisingly, the entry mode literature fails to give a consistent view of entry mode choices for firms entering these markets. However, these markets can yield better long term benefits for firms entering through high resource commitment modes. In this work, we analyze their business and consumer environments and make a case for choosing high resource commitment entry modes for the U.S. firms.
HOW DO CONSUMERS PERCEIVE CLEAR AND TRANSPARENT PRODUCTS?
Authors: Ching Biu Tse Alan , Hong Kit Yim Frederick
Published: February 2008

The thoughtless exploitation and pollution of the environment by our species has led to deep doubts regarding the ability of this planet to support our present style of living in the future. A campaign for greener, more environmentally friendly ways of living and consumerism is rapidly gaining momentum. While environmental concern groups and the general public pressurize governments and industrialists and choose to purchase greener products, the manufacturers themselves are adapting their production to effect a minimized toll on the environment and advertising themselves appropriately, to win the consumer's heart and dollars. By studying certain consumer perceptions about the ‘typical’ attributes of a green product that are not necessarily incorporated in an environmentally friendly production process, this research seeks to discover possibilities where the not‐so‐green producer can capitalize on green marketing by modifying only such perceived green product attributes. To this end, a survey was conducted in Hong Kong to determine how different consumers would perceive products that are clear and transparent. The findings reveal that consumers tended to associate clear and transparent products with purity and environmental friendliness.
SOCIAL‐CULTURAL AND STRUCTURAL INFLUENCES ON THE USE OF JAPANESE LAWYERS
Authors: Martin Drew , Ciano Leonardo
Published: February 2008

Social‐cultural and structural arguments have been used to explain why Japan's legal culture is different than other industrialized nations; however, both arguments lack data about client usage. This paper examines the use of Japanese lawyers by businesses in Japan. Senior executives from 572 Japanese and foreign businesses responded to a survey about their use of legal services. Japanese businesses are found to retain lawyers more frequently for legal action and corporate procedural matters, but foreign businesses are more likely to retain lawyers for government compliance activities. While both theoretical arguments help to explain Japan's legal culture, the common denominator is the small number of Japanese lawyers.
TOWARD A FAIR AND BALANCED WORLD‐VIEW: CAN ACADEMIA LEAD THE WAY TO PLANETARY CONSCIOUSNESS?
Authors: Acar William
Published: February 2008

The notion of globalization was an emerging trend during the course of the past century, and the notion of progress has been a basic tenet of the Western paradigm throughout the entire past millennium. Given the desperate situation in which large segments of the world find themselves and the recent intensification of international terrorism, this paper investigates the roots of the notion of progress, and discusses its potential impact on globalization during the third millennium. Basically, do we have real progress as felt in the industrialized West, or simply the appearance of it as feared by third‐world nations? And, if so, what can be done to help? To this important question, this paper responds with “guarded optimism.” Its first section describes the prevalence of violence in the world of today. The second section recounts the gradual emergence of a planetary consciousness, and examines it critically to detect whether it is a sham or for real. The third section outlines the developmental problems that beset underdeveloped countries, and discusses trade as the most effective means already at work for building international networks. Finally, the paper's fourth section presents the ascending role of scholars in promoting effective networks among the nations of the world. In spite of its inauspicious beginnings, the third millennium has the potential for continued progress, and our institutions could become increasingly involved in forging effective international networks.
The Online Searcher: Education and Training
Authors: Tschudi Carol
Published: February 2008

Several years ago, Online magazine described the necessary qualifications for an Online Search Analyst. They included: massive intellect, above average mechanical acumen for working with electronic equipment, self confidence, perseverance, imagination, online training, good spelling, good skills, patience, a cheerful disposition, and a sense of humor. In short, everything but the ability to leap tall buildings at a single bound. When friends learn that I am an online searcher, they often ask what that is. But they usually aren't satisfied with my answer, “one who searches online.”
Videodisc Technology: Developments 1980–1982
Authors: Riddick John
Published: February 2008

This annual review of literature will summarize and analyze the scientific developments and the applications of optical and videodisc technology. For this first review the initial coverage extends backward to the year 1980. That time represents the great initial surge of application of video and optical discs in the home entertainment market and in libraries.
Dot Matrix Impact Printers: An Overview and Guide
Authors: Warden William H. , Warden Bette M.
Published: February 2008

Dot matrix characters are discussed in comparison to preformed characters. Quality of various output is defined. Maintenance and repair of dot matrix printers are reviewed, as are factors to consider in installing a printer. A table provides a comparison of dot matrix printers detailing price, matrix density, speed, print sizes, feed width, interface connectors, and true descender characteristics. Each printer is further described as appropriate. Manufacturers' addresses are appended.
Who Trains the Trainer? Library Staff Are OPAC Users, Too
Authors: Coppola Elaine
Published: February 2008

As libraries introduce Online Public Access Catalogs and integrated library systems, the need for staff training becomes essential. The characteristics of training sessions are identified and discussed. Administrative support and advance planning are encouraged.
Fiber Optics and Library Technology
Authors: Koenig Michael
Published: February 2008

Fiber optics has the capability to dramatically increase telecommunications capability and lower costs. This article examines fiber optic technology, explains some of the key terminology, and speculates about the way fiber optics will change our world.
MARC Format on Tape: A Tutorial
Authors: Dalehite Michele I.
Published: February 2008

Two basic data processing concepts are described: data elements (consisting of bits, bytes, fields, records and files) and binary characters. This article is an excerpt from a chapter of a forthcoming book, From Tape to Product, to be published by Pierian Press in 1984.
Telecommunications Policy: A Selective List of Periodicals
Authors: Haworth Cathy
Published: February 2008

Journals and services of significant value to maintaining current awareness of trends and developments in telecommunications are described under the following headings: “Telecommunications Policy — General,” “General Telecommunications Industry and Market Information,” “International Communications,” “Law and Legislation,” “Bibliographies,” “Data Communications,” “Electronic Mail/Publishing,” “Mobile Communications,” “Telephone,” and “Satellite Communications.” “Broadcasting and Cable” journals and services were covered in the Winter 1983 issue of Library Hi Tech.
Word Processing for Library Patrons
Authors: Rosenberg Victor
Published: February 2008

Word processing, one of the derivative benefits of the computer revolution, will have a profound impact on scholarship. To support scholarship, libraries should adopt productivity aids: public access word processors, citation formatting software and public terminal‐to‐portable microcomputer interface capability.
Commonsense System Pricing; Or, How Much Will That $1,200 Computer Really Cost?
Authors: Crawford Walt
Published: February 2008

Three methods are employed to price and sell computer equipment: computer pricing, hardware pricing and system pricing. System pricing includes a complete computer and support hardware system and a relatively complete software package. The advantages of system pricing are detailed. The author's system is described and numerous other “systems” currently available are described and priced. Advice is given for shopping for a system.
The Use of INFOSERV: An Online Interactive Buying System to Enhance Collection Development Within the Library
Authors: Brown David J.
Published: February 2008

With Faxon's INFOSERV, collection development librarians can use their personal computers or ASCII terminals to browse through a current, up‐to‐date listing of serial titles published within the past three years. Developed on fourth‐generation software, INFOSERV is maintained as a user‐friendly menu‐driven database. The system is available through Telenet.
Simultaneous Remote Searching: The System and the Reality
Authors: Anderson Verl A.
Published: February 2008

Simultaneous Remote Searching (SRS) is a technique for slaving a remote terminal and performing an online bibliographic search at a remote site. SRS is especially valuable for rural libraries, hospital libraries, or offices, where a trained searcher is not available. Through SRS, online searches can be available to any terminal or computer that has a modem.
An Introduction to Database Management Systems
Authors: Warden William H. , Warden Bette M.
Published: February 2008

Database management systems for microcomputers are described, including the basic features of database management systems and factors which should be considered in selecting a microcomputer system. A method for ranking database management systems is explained and applied to a defined need, i.e., software support for indexing a weekly newspaper.
Barbara Whyte Felicetti: Confessions of an Information Broker
Authors: Surprenant Tom
Published: February 2008

Information brokers are a growing segment of the information environment. They present both a promise and a threat to the professional tenets of librarianship. They provide a promising alternative avenue for information professionals who wish to either be independent entrepreneurs or to work for one. On the other hand, they challenge a number of basic philosophical tenets governing the practice of traditional librarianship. Barbara Felicetti, President of Info/motion, explains the role of the information broker. She discusses the many relationships of information and business needs, and the role of an information broker in defining and filling those needs.
Beyond the Online Catalog: Utilizing the OPAC for Library Information
Authors: Diskin Gregory M. , Michalak Thomas J.
Published: February 2008

The LS/2000 integrated library system at Carnegie‐Mellon University has been enhanced to include an Information Function. Existing, as well as planned functions, screen displays, and selection options are described and illustrated. Options include announcements, guides to book locations, library hours, access to library guides and bibliographies, library policies and services, and information describing the use of the LS/2000 online catalog.
The H.W. Wilson Information System
Authors: Regazzi John J.
Published: February 2008

The Wilson System is a computerized information system supporting both editorial and manufacturing processes involved in the creation of the H. W. Wilson Company's subject indexes and catalogs, as well as the selective online retrieval of information from bibliographic and other databases through WILSONLINE—the Company's online search system. The system was designed to provide an automated means for the gathering, storage, retrieval, and management of the Company's editorial data.
Using Cable Television for Library Data Transmission
Authors: Whitaker Douglas A.
Published: February 2008

The Wayne Oakland Library Federation (MI) has been experimenting with digital cable transmission since 1981. Initial experiences were unsatisfactory due to odd frequency assignments and the need to customize modems. With the advent of adjustable modems, such as Zeta's Z‐19 RF, promising results have been attained. A number of key questions that will affect the future use of cable for data transmission are listed.
Information Retrieval Systems for Microcomputers
Authors: Seiden Peggy , Kibbey Mark
Published: February 2008

The processing and storage capacity of microcomputers can now support sophisticated and powerful information retrieval systems, previously available only on larger mainframes. The characteristics of information retrieval software are discussed as are the performance capabilities of two software programs, SIRE and ZyINDEX.
Common Sense and Telecommunications, or; Reach Out, But Watch Your Wallet
Authors: Crawford Walt
Published: February 2008

Using a modem, telephone, and telecommunications software, a computer can put you in touch with people and services. A computer isn't needed to go online. With a computer, however, services can be used more effectively and cheaply. The author defines and discusses modems, software, and several services, and notes one major problem with telecommunications: money.
WILSONLINE: A Review of Features
Authors: Regazzi John J.
Published: February 2008

The major search, display, and related features of WILSONLINE are described. A more detailed description can be found in WILSONLINE: Guide and Documentation (The H. W. Wilson Co., 1984. $30.)
Low‐Cost Laser Printers
Authors: Sticha Phil
Published: February 2008

Advances in laser printer technology have brought low‐cost high‐quality printing within reach of most microcomputer users. Major features of laser printers are examined, the terminology of laser printers is explained, and examples of high‐quality output are illustrated. Accompanying the article are a hardware profile for the popular Hewlett‐Packard LaserJet printer, a description of ALMOST TYPESET, and a brief bibliography.
User‐Supported Software for the IBM PC
Authors: Michels Fredrick , Harrison Neil , Smith Douglas
Published: February 2008

User‐supported software is copywrited and supported by the developer(s) of the software. Users are encouraged to copy and share the software. In return for a “suggested contribution” payable to the software developer, detailed documentation and user support are available. Many quality programs, of this type, exist. Four programs for the IBM PC are evaluated.
Technology in Libraries: Six Rules for Management
Authors: Lowry Charles B.
Published: February 2008

The introduction of technology will make the delivery of information services more efficient; it will also produce organizational change. Efficiency and change can be introduced most effectively where six management rules are followed: 1) become informed, 2) discriminate, 3) understand finances, 4) select knowledgeable personnel, 5) know one's organization, and 6) manage people wisely.
Elegance in Library Automation Systems
Authors: Heinemann Luba
Published: February 2008

The vendor literature about a computerized system typically details an extensive list of functions that the system can perform. However, it is difficult to discern from the literature (or from a Request for Proposals or a superficial demonstration) whether a system accomplishes these functions elegantly—that is, in a streamlined, effective manner. Persons involved with actual library functions should experiment with a system being considered for purchase to determine whether that system is elegant.
Write‐Once Laser Disc Technology
Authors: Slonim Jacob , Mole Dennis , Bauer Michael
Published: February 2008

The first videodisc was demonstrated in 1927. A brief history of the videodisc is presented, describing the three major current manifestations of this storage medium—read‐only, write‐once, and erasable. Read‐only became an important information delivery format in 1985. During 1986, write‐once will begin to have impact on libraries and information centers. The current status of this technology, the major corporations involved in the field, and the potential uses for various types of storage media are described. A sidebar discusses Geac's use of optical media.
Video Display Terminals: Radiation Issues
Authors: Murray William E.
Published: February 2008

During the past decade, the use of video display terminals (VDTs) in information processing and related applications has grown exponentially. Recent estimates place the number of terminals in the workplace at more than ten million. Along with this rapid growth there has been a concomitant increase in concern about the radiation emissions from the VDT. Several types of radiation can be emitted by the terminal. Cataracts, reproductive problems, and skin rashes have been reported by VDT operators and are alleged to result from radiation exposure. However, measurements of the radiation emissions, when compared to the present occupational exposure standards, lead to the conclusion that the terminal does not present a radiation hazard to the VDT operator.
Data Phase ALIS II: Implementing the System at Texas A&M: A Case Study
Authors: Cook Colleen , Payne Leila
Published: February 2008

Selecting, installing, and implementing an integrated library system is a time consuming and expensive undertaking. Factors that can result in disappointment (and even regret) are always present, and must be anticipated, recognized and properly handled. The experiences of libraries (that were in the vanguard of those installing automated sytems) provide an important resource from which other libraries can benefit. The experience of Texas A&M with the selection and implementation of DataPhase system is a particularly interesting (on‐going) case study. Two sidebars present the current perspectives of DataPhase Corporation and the Texas A&M University Library administration.
Microcomputers in the Library: A Health Sciences Library Case Study
Authors: Warren Schlatter M. , Davis Shelley E. , Mims Dorothy H.
Published: February 2008

Several years ago, libraries began introducing microcomputers for patron use. Most such “experiments” resulted in problems with hardware, software and peripheral support, security, and supervision. Some staff members expressed reservations about the appropriateness of microcomputers (for patron use) in the library. However, virtually no library that introduced the service has discontinued it; rather, the service has grown in scope and importance. The experience of the Medical College of Georgia Library is an example of how farsighted institutions have introduced microcomputers and have experienced significant growth in related library programs.
Full‐Text Access and Laser Videodiscs: The National Agricultural Library System
Authors: Andre Pamela Q.J.
Published: February 2008

The National Agricultural Library has developed a database, mounted on videodisc technology, that successfully integrates digital data and analog graphics. The digital data are manipulated by use of a microcomputer, which also controls access to the graphics. The graphics are displayed on a separate video monitor. This article discusses problems encountered in converting a print product to videodisc.
Auto‐Graphics' AGILE II
Authors: Heinemann Luba
Published: February 2008

AGILE II is a full service utility providing shared cataloging in eight MARC formats with access to local data, database management, inter library loan, electronic mail, subject searching, authority control and other features. The adoptation of AGILE II and the MARC format to support community (agency and program) information suggests imaginative applications for similar systems. Two sidebars discuss installations of AGILE II.
Critical Issues in Providing Integrated Library Systems
Authors: Sugnet Chris
Published: February 2008

Six vendors discuss the issues that most affect their role in the implementation of integrated systems within libraries. Major areas of concern include: 1) expectations versus reality, 2) the nature of the vendor‐library relationship, and 3) the challenges of incorporating new technology and standards.
Funding Library Automation
Authors: Drabenstott Jon
Published: February 2008

A successful automation project combines a sound financial plan with convincing arguments, thoughtful strategies, and sensitive treatment of potential supporters. A proposal that details costs and returns is as essential to raising funds as a well‐ conceived technical plan. Sources of financial support include governing bodies, foundations, granting agencies, businesses, and individuals. Creative alternatives for financing library automation are mentioned.
MARCON II: Information Control on a Microcomputer
Authors: Kibbey Mark H.
Published: February 2008

MARCON II combines sophisticated retrieval capabilites with text‐oriented database support for entering and editing records. Potential applications are numerous, including management of archival collections requiring extensive descriptive information. Authority control is provided through an optional thesaurus system.
Common Sense Clones: Price and Performance in PC‐Compatible Computers
Authors: Crawford Walt
Published: February 2008

PC clones are well suited to anyone who has uses for IBM‐compatible software and is not over‐awed by those three magic letters. Clones now hold a much larger microcomputer market share than IBM. They frequently offer more power and better features, almost always at a much better price. But clones vary greatly in quality, reliability, and even compatibility. A potential purchaser of a clone should read reviews, and, if possible, run less well‐known clones through a series of tests prior to purchasing one. Crawford details a series of tests that were conducted by The Research Libraries Group, Inc., when it evaluated clones to serve as terminal replacements. These tests were designed to evaluate compatibility, quality of manufacturing, reliability of components, speed, and related characteristics. The results of those tests, when applied to several XT‐ and AT‐compatible clones, are presented.
Multisensory Public Access Catalogs on CD‐ROM
Authors: Harrison Nancy , Murphy Brower
Published: February 2008

The capabilities of CD‐ROM‐based public access catalogs are evolving very rapidly. It is now possible to add sound and graphics to create a multi‐sensory interface between the catalog and user. The incorporation of artificial intelligence techniques also increases the precision with which the catalog can be searched. Users of the Intelligent Catalog will be able to locate resources even if they do not know how to conduct a search or describe their specific needs. CD‐ROM catalogs now can be updated frequently, and inexpensively, by linking hard disk (magnetic) drives to CD‐ROM optical drives; the retrieval of information from either or both drives will be transparent to the users.
Common Sense and Keyboard Nonsense, or, What Happens When You Press ESCape?
Authors: Crawford Walt
Published: February 2008

If you use a personal computer, you probably use more than one program and you probably use some programs more often than others. If your personal computer is an IBM PC or compatible, you have probably become confused when starting to use a new program or one you have not used recently. The author completes a baker's dozen of “Common Sense Personal Computing” articles with a somewhat lighthearted look at a fairly serious problem — how programs frustrate occasional users, make life interesting for power users and trap unwary users of all sorts. He discusses odd and inconsistent uses of keystrokes, overuse of function and special keys, and problems in identifying functions and keystrokes.
Designing Library Facilities for a High‐Tech Future
Authors: Drabenstott Jon , Stahl Wilson M. , Michael James J. , Richmond Rick , Robinson Gene , Rush James E.
Published: February 2008

Typically, library building projects are undertaken to accommodate a library's needs for the foreseeable twenty years or more. With major changes in information technologies occurring at intervals of less than five years, it should be assumed, within its twenty‐plus years of initial service, that a library building will have to accommodate a series of changes in order to support currently unknown technologies. Issues related to the development of library facilities that will meet current and future needs are discussed by three prominent consultants and representatives of two vendors: Wilson M. Stahl, James J. Michael (Data Research Associates), Rick Richmond, Gene Robinson (CLSI), and James E. Rush.
CD‐ROM Public Access Catalogs: Database Creation and Maintenance
Authors: Bills Linda G. , Helgerson Linda W.
Published: February 2008

Preparation of bibliographic data for the production of CD‐ROM public access catalogs (PACs) requires several services: merging records from various vendors or libraries, the elimination of duplicate records, the identification and decoding of holdings information, updating the database (often in an offline mode), and authority control. The nature of specific CD‐ROM catalogs affects the priorities for processing the database. For example, some systems exploit controlled vocabulary and cross references, making subject authority critical. Others provide powerful Boolean searching on key words derived from all parts of the bibliographic record; as a result, the need for quality control checks beyond those typically provided by library vendors is increased. This article identifies the services and processes offered by seven vendors that provide CD‐PACs and one vendor that processes MARC bibliographic databases.
University Libraries, Integrated Scholarly Information Systems (ISIS), and the Changing Character of Academic Research
Authors: Weiskel Timothy C.
Published: February 2008

This article reviews areas of common concern between librarians on the one hand and scholars on the other as they each attempt to pursue their work in an era of electronic information. The issues require the attention of both librarians and scholars, and it is argued that both communities need now to talk more extensively with one another in an effort to re‐think the fundamental role of the university library in the coming years. The function and importance of Integrated Scholarly Information Systems (ISIS) are discussed with examples to illustrate the ways in which scholars are likely to acquire and integrate electronic information in the future. The article concludes with reflections on two contradictory trends that are emerging in scholarly research with the expansion of electronic research systems.
The Virginia Tech Library System (VTLS)
Authors: Hall McGrath Deborah , Lee Carl R.
Published: February 2008

The Virginia Tech Library System is an integrated library system supporting cataloging, authority control, serials control, circulation, reserve room, acquisitions, document delivery, online public‐access catalog, keyword searching with Boolean operators, and statistics reporting. It runs on the Hewlett‐Packard HP/3000 line of computers. Initially installed in 1975, there are currently 104 users. Sidebars discuss: The Vanilla Network; LINNEA—the library information network for Finnish academic libraries; and the statewide information and referral service at Cabell County Public Library (West Virginia).