bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Субэтнические дифференциации российских этносов (на примере калмыков и тувинцев)
Authors: Lamazhaa Chimiza K. , Namrueva Lyudmila V.
Published: June 2018

В статье предлагается рассматривать тему разделительных, различительных явлений и процессов в этносоциальной жизни российских регионов, которые имеют в своей основе сложносоставной характер коренного населения. Этот ряд явлений и процессов авторы предлагают называть субэтническими дифференциациями, различая их декларируемые формы и недекларируемые. В качестве материала для анализа авторы рассматривают субэтнические дифференциации современных калмыков и тувинцев.Экскурс в этногенез калмыков и тувинцев показывает сложную структуру данных этносов. Основой социальной структуры общества калмыков и тувинцев был род, который считался по отцовской линии. Вся родня по отцовской линии составляла одно поселение (хотон, аал). Родовым связям, родовой идентификации, знанию своего рода придавалось огромное значение.  Тем не менее, внутренняя структура этноса была сложнее и включала не только роды, особенно у калмыков. Исторические события ХХ в. по-разному повлияли на этносоциальные процессы, однако не смогли полностью изменить основы социальной структуры этносов. Долгие годы подчеркивание связей со своим родом воспринималось как «местечковость», но родовое деление, родовая идентичность не теряли своей значимости.Декларируемой формой субэтнической дифференциации авторы называют события, мероприятия, наименования, публичные выступления и акции — все то, что подчеркивается инициаторами и субъектами действий в качестве возрождаемой традиционности этнической культуры, когда родовое, родоплеменное деление признается необходимой частью традиционной культуры. Недекларируемые формы разворачиваются без постановки высоких целей, в сфере социальных, бытовых отношений, в том числе для решения групповых экономических и политических задач.Собственно социально-демографические, миграционные процессы в регионах не указывают на то, чтобы происходили физические расколы этносов, их распады и образования новых групп. Напротив, во многом, идет усиление урбанизации, отток населения из сел и многие внутриэтнические проблемы возникают в условиях концентрации в одном месте представителей разных родственных групп, которые до этого проживали относительно раздельно. Авторы полагают, что актуализация темы внутренней сложности этносов, групп в их составе идет в одном ряду с актуализацией в целом темы этничности в современных условиях.
Farklı pH ve sıcaklık değerlerinin Pichia pastoris'de rekombinant ekspanzin üretimi üzerine etkisi
Authors: AYTEKİN AKBABA Merve , KARAASLAN Asliye , ALİHANOĞLU Selin , VARDİN Hasan , KARAASLAN Mehmet
Published: June 2018

Bu çalışma kapsamında rekombinant
Ekspanzin üretimi amacıyla domatesten izole edilen LeExp1 geni Pichia pastoris mayalarına pPIC9K
vektörü vasıtasıyla aktarılmıştır. Ekspresyon koşulları 20, 25, 30°C ve pH 4.0,
5.0, 6.0 ve 7.0 değerleri için ayrı ayrı sağlanmıştır. Fermentasyon özütlerinin Biomass analizi ve Bradford
assay deneyleri sonucunda toplam rekombinant protein miktarları ve toplam hücre
konsantrasyonları belirlenmiştir. Farklı pH ve sıcaklık değerlerinin
rekombinant protein üretim miktarına ve toplam hücre konsantrasyonuna olan
etkileri incelenmiştir. Deneysel sonuçlara göre maksimum rekombinant ekspanzin
üretimi için P. pastoris mayalarının
optimum fermantasyon koşulları 25oC sıcaklık ve pH 7.0 olarak tespit
edilmiştir.
FISCAL INSTITUTIONS AND THE SIZE AND INTER-REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF PUBLIC REDISTRIBUTION
Authors: Ponce-Rodriguez Raul A , Medina-Guirado Juan
Published: June 2018

Abstract Fiscal institutions, which are responsible for the delegation of tax and spending powers among different tiers of governments, are important determinants of the size and efficiency of public redistribution. In this paper we develop a comparative analysis of the impact of fiscal decentralization vis-à-vis tax revenue sharing on the government’s effort to redistribute income. The main findings are: first, the size of the national budget for public redistribution is the same under fiscal decentralization and tax revenue sharing. Second, different fiscal institutions lead to different regional distributions of public transfers. Third, when choosing between decentralization and tax revenue sharing, there is a tradeoff between the efficiency and the regional effort of the government to redistribute income. Resumen Las instituciones fiscales, que determinan la responsabilidad del diseño de impuestos y gasto entre los diferentes niveles de gobierno, son importantes determinantes del tamaño y eficiencia de la redistribución pública. En este artículo, se desarrolla un análisis comparativo del impacto en el esfuerzo del gobierno en redistribuir el ingreso, entre la descentralización fiscal en y una política de compartir el ingreso fiscal. Los principales resultados son: primero, el tamaño del presupuesto en redistribución es el mismo para una economía con descentralización o en la que se comparte el ingreso fiscal. Segundo, las instituciones fiscales implican una asignación diferente en la distribución regional de transferencias públicas. Tercero, al escoger entre descentralización y el compartir el ingreso fiscal, existe un intercambio entre la eficiencia y la distribución regional de las transferencias públicas.
Understanding Academic Patrons’ Data Needs through Virtual Reference Transcripts: Preliminary Findings from New York University Libraries
Authors: Smith Margaret , Conte Jill , Guss Samantha
Published: June 2018

Understanding Academic Patrons’ Data Needs through Virtual Reference Transcripts: Preliminary Findings from New York University Libraries
De-mystifying OAIS compliance: Benefits and challenges of mapping the OAIS reference model to the GESIS Data Archive
Authors: Schumann Natascha , Recker Astrid
Published: June 2018

De-mystifying OAIS compliance: Benefits and challenges of mapping the OAIS reference model to the GESIS Data Archive
Editor's Notes
Authors: Rasmussen Karsten Boye , Wackerow Joachim , Vardigan Mary
Published: June 2018

Editor's Notes
Research Data Repositories: Review of Current Features, Gap Analysis, and Recommendations for Minimum Requirements
Authors: Austin Claire C. , Brown Susan , Fong Nancy , Humphrey Chuck , Leahey Amber , Webster Peter
Published: June 2018

Research Data Repositories: Review of Current Features, Gap Analysis, and Recommendations for Minimum Requirements
DENİZLİ YÖRESEL GİYSİLERİNİN ÇAĞDAŞLAŞTIRMA ve MODEL ANALİZİ ÇALIŞMALARI (ACIPAYAM, BULDAN, ÇİVRİL VE SERİNHİSAR İLÇELERİ ÖRNEĞİ)
Authors: ÜNAL Nezla , UTKUN Emine
Published: June 2018

Tarih
boyunca giyim kültürü incelendiğinde her toplumun yaşadığı coğrafyanın, yaşam
tarzının, günlük işlerinin, değerlerinin, örf ve âdetlerinin o yörede giyilen
giysilerin biçim ve çeşidini etkilediği görülmektedir. İnsanların
yaşadığı yörelere özgü elbiseler, o bölgenin yöresel giysilerini
oluşturmaktadır. Denizli bölgesi de yöresel giysileri açısından zengin bir
kataloğa sahiptir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; Denizli ilimizin Acıpayam, Buldan, Çivril
ve Serinhisar ilçelerine ait geleneksel kadın giysilerinin süsleme, renk,
kumaş, ve model özelliklerini inceleyerek bu kıyafetler üzerinden yeni modeller
tasarlayarak çağdaşlaştırma yapmaktır. Çalışma kapsamında, Denizli yöresinde giyilen
geleneksel kadın kıyafetlerinin yöresel farklılıkları ve çeşitlilikleri ortaya
konulmuş ve günümüz malzemeleri kullanılarak yöresel kıyafetler üzerinde çağdaşlaştırma
çalışmaları yapılmıştır.
Relaparotomy after caesarean section
Authors: Shrestha Reena , Karki Laxmi RC , Shrestha Sarada Duwal , Malla Anagha Pradhan , Pradhan Binita , Singh Alka , Shah WuFei , Gurung Padma , Lama Sushma
Published: June 2018

Introductions: Relaparotomy after caesarean section is rare and literature are scanty. The decision requires a good clinical judgment to save mother’s life. Our objective was to analyse the outcome of relaparotomy after caesarean section at Patan Hospital.Methods: This was a cross sectional study done at the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, Patan Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal. Charts of the caesarean section from January 2010 to December 2014 were reviewed to analyze the cases of relaparotomy for incidence, indication, management and outcome. Descriptive analysis was done using SPSS.Results: During 5 years, there were 17,538 caesarean deliveries, 39.15% of total 44,788 deliveries. Relaparotomy was done in 15 cases, 0.085% of 17,538 caesarean. Mean age was 26.6±4.7 years, 14 (93.3%) were between 25-35 years, 12 (80%) were primigravida. Indications for relaparotomy were pyoperitoneum (40%), hemoperitoneum (33.3%) and rectus sheath hematoma (26.7%). Out of 15 relaparotomies, 14 were conservative surgery and one required hysterectomy. There was no maternal mortality.Conclusions: Relaparotomy rate in our study was eight in 10,000. Those requiring relaparotomy had fetal distress as indication for first caesarean.Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences. 28 2016 Dec;3(2):28-31
Motivation as Myth or Reality in Modern Corporate World in Nepal: A Survey
Authors: Nepali Tej Narayan Prasad
Published: June 2018

Today’s business organisation is not as before. Big machines, new technology, cut throat completion, changing interest of customers all these has changed the functioning of the corporate management. The modern corporate world want employees to be motivated at their job because most satisfied individuals work at the upper limit of their capacity for the good of the organization, while most dissatisfied individuals pursue ways to increase their level of satisfaction by working for their own gain. Every management tries to coordinate various factor of production in such a way that their contribution is maximum in achieving organizational goals. But, to improve the overall performance in a business it becomes essential to increase the efficiency of human beings. If a person does not have the capability or ability to do a work then he cannot increase his efficiency. On the other hand; even if a person has got the ability but is not properly motivated even then his performance will be low. Hence, the motivation should never be underrated.The organizations of modern corporate world are basically concentrated on achievement of organizational target or goal. In this regard they mostly emphasized to change the traditional approaches of human resource management to motivated employees at work. The different policies regarding wage or salary, promotion, transfer, career development opportunity, job security, social security, bonus, performance appraisal, job evaluation, disciplinary action, etc. have been changed by the organizations of the modern corporate world in such a manner so that the employees could be self-motivated at work. This research paper aims to find out the different factors influencing the level of motivation in modern corporate world and the required changes in the schemes or benefits, policies, etc. for improvement of the level of motivation to minimization of the migration of labour force. The will focus attention to find out that in modern corporate world the motivation is Myth or Reality.NCC JournalVol. 3, No. 1, 2018, page: 185-199
Primum Non Nocere
Authors: Alizadeh Aaron
Published: June 2018

Medical oncology is a subspecialty of internal medicine that focuses on the treatment of cancer. Cancer is the second leading cause of mortality in the U.S. Therefore death is a frequent subject for oncologists. However, oncology training emphasizes cancer therapy with little guidance on counseling in preparation for death. Physicians such as the writer Atul Gawande are working to bring back the topic of death into the physician-patient conversation. Furthermore, many religions, including the Bahá’í Faith, can help to address how death is perceived and discussed by physicians. The purpose of this article is to review my personal experience as an oncologist and as a Bahá’í, as it relates to the topic of death.
Depression
Authors: Ghadirian Abdu'l-Missagh
Published: June 2018

Depression is one of the most pervasive disorders and a leading cause of disability worldwide. Clinical depression consists of a group of disorders with various causes. Consequently, the treatment profile is also diversified. Scientific research confirms a strong presence of biological, psychosocial, and environmental factors that contribute to the development of major depression. Does depression lead to certain medical illnesses? What are possible risks and protective factors? What are current treatment options? What is the impact of stigma in preventing individuals from seeking treatment? Do religious beliefs and spiritual values play a role in depression? Since the Bahá’í Faith teaches the unity and harmony of science and religion, what insights do the Bahá’í teachings offer regarding this disease that are particularly valuable?
Signal Source Localization of Multiple Robots Using an Event-Triggered Communication Scheme
Authors: Pan Ligang , Lu Qiang , Yin Ke , Zhang Botao
Published: June 2018

This paper deals with the problem of signal source localization using a group of autonomous robots by designing and analyzing a decision-control approach with an event-triggered communication scheme. The proposed decision-control approach includes two levels: a decision level and a control level. In the decision level, a particle filter is used to estimate the possible positions of the signal source. The estimated position of the signal source gradually approaches the real position of signal source with the movement of robots. In the control level, a consensus controller is proposed to control multiple robots to seek a signal source based on the estimated signal source position. At the same time, an event-triggered communication scheme is designed such that the burden of communication can be lightened. Finally, simulation and experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed decision-control approach with the event-triggered communication scheme for the problem of signal source localization.
A Novel Delay Linear Coupling Logistics Map Model for Color Image Encryption
Authors: Li Shouliang , Ding Weikang , Yin Benshun , Zhang Tongfeng , Ma Yide
Published: June 2018

With the popularity of the Internet, the transmission of images has become more frequent. It is of great significance to study efficient and secure image encryption algorithms. Based on traditional Logistic maps and consideration of delay, we propose a new one-dimensional (1D) delay and linearly coupled Logistic chaotic map (DLCL) in this paper. Time delay is a common phenomenon in various complex systems in nature, and it will greatly change the dynamic characteristics of the system. The map is analyzed in terms of trajectory, Lyapunov exponent (LE) and Permutation entropy (PE). The results show that this map has wide chaotic range, better ergodicity and larger maximum LE in comparison with some existing chaotic maps. A new method of color image encryption is put forward based on DLCL. In proposed encryption algorithm, after various analysis, it has good encryption performance, and the key used for scrambling is related to the original image. It is illustrated by simulation results that the ciphered images have good pseudo randomness through our method. The proposed encryption algorithm has large key space and can effectively resist differential attack and chosen plaintext attack.
Material Transitions and Associated Embodied Energy Input of Rural Buildings: Case Study of Qinyong Village in Ningbo China
Authors: Deng Wu , Xie Jing , Peng Zhen
Published: June 2018

From the early 1980s onward, construction practice in rural China has shown a gradual transformation from using locally available materials to urban-like and highly processed modern building materials. This transition may have a significant impact on a building’s environmental performance, such as its indoor thermal comfort and embodied energy intensity. This paper examines three types of houses built in a village in China in the 1970s, the 1980s, and the 1990s. The research indicates that replacing traditional materials with modern ones has not improved the indoor thermal comfort equally with the increase of embodied energy input. Dismantling traditional houses to give way to new houses with modern materials is not the way to improve indoor thermal comfort. The buildings completed in the 1980s and the 1990s in rural China require special attention in future thermal retrofitting plans.
Assessing the Climate Change Impacts of Biogenic Carbon in Buildings: A Critical Review of Two Main Dynamic Approaches
Authors: Breton Charles , Blanchet Pierre , Amor Ben , Beauregard Robert , Chang Wen-Shao
Published: June 2018

Wood is increasingly perceived as a renewable, sustainable building material. The carbon it contains, biogenic carbon, comes from biological processes; it is characterized by a rapid turnover in the global carbon cycle. Increasing the use of harvested wood products (HWP) from sustainable forest management could provide highly needed mitigation efforts and carbon removals. However, the combined climate change benefits of sequestering biogenic carbon, storing it in harvested wood products and substituting more emission-intensive materials are hard to quantify. Although different methodological choices and assumptions can lead to opposite conclusions, there is no consensus on the assessment of biogenic carbon in life cycle assessment (LCA). Since LCA is increasingly relied upon for decision and policy making, incorrect biogenic carbon assessment could lead to inefficient or counterproductive strategies, as well as missed opportunities. This article presents a critical review of biogenic carbon impact assessment methods, it compares two main approaches to include time considerations in LCA, and suggests one that seems better suited to assess the impacts of biogenic carbon in buildings.
Observations pétrographiques sur les sables argileux blancs de Dambach-Epfig
Authors: Siat Albert
Published: June 2018

Les sables argileux de Dambach-Epfig sont des sables blancs micacés, non calcaires, dans lesquels la phase argileuse est de l'halloysite. Les matériaux qui les constituent proviennent des Vosges et de la Forêt-Noire.
Signification climatique de la couleur rouge des grès permo-triasiques et des grandes séries détritiques rouges
Authors: Millot Georges , Perriaux Jacques , Lucas Jacques
Published: June 2018

Il est acquis que les grès rouges du Permo-Trias des Vosges ne correspondent pas à des climats désertiques. On a beaucoup parlé de climats tropicaux humides. Les caractères pétrographiques de ces grès et l'étude des sols ferrugineux des climats chauds permettent de reconstituer les paysages. Sur des reliefs constamment rajeunis, des climats chauds et alternés entretiennent la formation d'arènes rubéfiées. Celles-ci sont remaniées et accumulées sur les piedmonts à chaque saison pluviale. Les grandes séries détritiques rouges sont le résultat de la coïncidence de l'érosion de reliefs jeunes et de climats chauds et alternés, intermédiaires entre les climats tempérés et les climats tropicaux humides.
Note sur certains sols vertisoliques formés en climat tempéré
Authors: Bonneau Maurice , Duchaufour Philippe , Millot Georges , Paquet Hélène
Published: June 2018

In the «forêt de Parroy » (Lorraine), there are peculiar soils, which are developed on Keuper-marls. It is difficult to compare these dark-grey and very argillaceous soils, showing a polyhedral structure, with other soil-types already known. A careful study of two profiles points out that they are «lithomorphous vertisols», which have superficially evolued towards a «leached brown soil » type.
Révision du genre Clytiopsis Bill., Décapode du Buntsandstein supérieur
Authors: Gall Jean-Claude , Fischer Yvonne
Published: June 2018

Eine auf morphologische und biometrische Züge von ungefähr 50 Individuen von Clytiopsis begründete Diskussion zeigt, dass die durch Ph. C. Bill bestimmte Gattungen Cl. argentoratense und Cl. elegans identisch sind. Die Diagnose ruft eine auf biometrische Konstanten gestützte Revi¬ sion hervor. Die Bauart der Oberfläche des Céphalothorax wird neu dargestellt.
La baie de Ker Béthanie : secteur clef de la structure géologique de l'Ile de Groix
Authors: Ruhland Michel , Jeannette D.
Published: June 2018

La baie de Ker Béthanie située au contact de deux domaines tectoniques différents présente de façon particulièrement nette un type de déformation originale. L'explication de ces déformations permet de saisir la structure fondamentale de l'île de Groix.
Dioritisation, granitisation et métamorphisme dans les Vosges cristallines du Nord. III. - La haute vallée de la Bruche
Authors: von Eller Jean-Paul
Published: June 2018

Диоритизация , гранитизация и метаморфизм в северных кристаллических Вогезах. Ш. Верхняя долина Брюши (La Bruche)

Исследованные породы образуют западное продолжение тех пород, которые были уже описаны и изучены в двух предыдущих работах (1964 и 1965) . Геологическая карта была кратко комментирована, кроме того петрографическое и химическое иссле дованние показывает очевидность чередования вулканических пород или де¬ вонских вулкано-осадочных пород с гранитами, с гранитами содержащими диоритовые включения и диоритами. Вопросы гранитизации иллюстрированы примерами и в за¬ ключение излагается развитие наших познаний истории массива Шам-дю-Фёю (Champ-du-Feu).
Le réseau hydrographique alsacien à l'époque pliocène
Authors: Simler Louis , Millot Georges
Published: June 2018

Les renseignements dont on dispose sur la physionomie de l'Alsace au Pliocène mettent en évidence un phénomène d'alluvionnement intense dont les conséquences se traduisent par la présence d'importants dépôts particulièrement bien développés sur la partie nord de la plaine. A cette époque le Rhin n'intéressait que la partie méridionale de l'Alsace. Il s'écoulait à travers le Sundgau pour gagner la Méditerranée par la vallée du Rhône. L'exploration des formations alluvionnaires le long de la chaîne des Vosges apporte des précisions sur la façon dont se développait le réseau hydrographique avant que le fleuve ne prenne possession de la plaine.
Etudes géochimiques et minéralogiques sur la province ferrifère du Tiris (Précambrien de la dorsale Reguibat, Fort-Gouraud, Mauritanie)
Authors: Besnus Yves , Bronner Georges , Mosser Christine , Oksengorn Simon
Published: June 2018

On présente les traits géochimiques et minéralogiques principaux de l'ensemble de la province ferrifère. Les faciès ferrugineux sont très pauvres en tous autres éléments que Fe et Si ; ils le sont d'autant plus que Fe est plus abondant, à l'exception de Al, V, Pb. Ces faciès sont composés de quartz, hématite, magnétite et accessoirement de talc, nontronite et goethite, produits de la rétro-morphose d'amphiboles dont on trouve les fantômes. Les analyses soulignent les différences observées par ailleurs entre la Kediat Idjil et le socle. Un gisement à ilménite riche en traces est découvert dont l'origine est magmatique ou métamorphique. Enfin, on montre l'action météorique probable sur la genèse de certains minerais de la Kedia à partir des itabirites.
Etude thermodynamique de quelques silicates néoformés en milieu confiné carbonaté sodique. Conséquences géochimiques
Authors: Maglione Gilbert , Maglione Marie-Hélène
Published: June 2018

Les constantes d'équilibre thermodynamique de quatre silicates sodiques, néoformés en milieu confiné carbonaté sodique, ont été déterminées par des mesures de solubilité à 25 °C, 40 °C, 60 °C et 1 atm. de pression totale. Les minéraux sont stables dans des eaux alcalines, riches en sodium et en silice. Le lac Tchad, les lacs et dépressions interdunaires de son rivage septentrional, représentent autant de milieux favorables à la précipitation de ces minéraux dont le comportement les apparente aux minéraux argileux. De tels milieux ont connu un développement tout au long de l'Holocène sur l'ensemble de la Cuvette Tchadienne. Outre leur valeur indicatrice des conditions géochimiques du milieu de dépôt, ces minéraux peuvent constituer d'excellents marqueurs des variations hydrologiques et climatiques des derniers millénaires.
Compléments de pétrographie et analyse isotopique rubidium-strontium des gneiss granulitiques de Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines (Vosges). Mise en évidence et datation de deux épisodes de métamorphisme
Authors: Bonhomme Michel , Fluck Pierre
Published: June 2018

Дополнительные данные по петрографии и изотопныи анализ рубидии-стронцевым методом гранулитовых гнейсов сент-мари-о-мин (вогезы) выявление и определение возраста двух эпох метаморфизма.

Литостратлграфическое положение гранулитов, боковая разновидность вулканического характера нижней части гранатовых гнейсов — выяснено. В группе гранатовых гнейсов появление характерных минералов верхней мезозоны, часто сопровождаемые бластомилонитизацией, отражает влияние регрессивного метаморфизма. Две изохроны, полученнвые на валовых пробах пород рубидий-стронцевым методом, соответствуют, одна — для пород лишенных минеральных изменений — катазональному метаморфизму с возрастом 509 ± 15 мил. лет, таким образом установленным, другая, мезозональному метаморфизму возраста в 407 ± 67 мил. лет. Эти результаты обсуждаются в заключении.
Traduction du suédois de deux ouvrages de Ephraïm Otto Runeberg (1722 -1770). Personnalité de l'auteur. Arrière-plans et commentaires
Authors: Wegmann Eugène
Published: June 2018

E.O. Runeberg est présenté dans la société scientifique de la Suède et de la Finlande du XVIIIème siècle. Admirateur et contemporain de Browallius, lui-même ami de Linné, Runeberg est un précurseur dans les Sciences géologiques : déplacement des lignes de rivage, cycle du matériel de l'écorce terrestre, interprétation des diaclases comme traces du mouvement des roches ; précurseur de la théorie glaciaire. Les deux articles de Runeberg sont présentés, ainsi que diverses réflexions sur les lectures possibles des travaux des anciens auteurs.
La chaîne hercynienne d'Europe occidentale et son prolongement dans le Nord-Ouest de l'Afrique
Authors: Piqué Alain
Published: June 2018

Les zones structurales composant le segment hercynien de la Meseta marocaine sont comparées aux zones reconnues classiquement en Europe occidentale. Les raccords proposés montrent que la zone moldanubienne. à structuration essentiellement dévonienne, n'est pas représentée au Maroc. Par contre, les bassins dévono-dinantiens se continuent tout au long de la chaîne.
Etudes palynologiques de sédiments terrigènes et pélagiques du Trias moyen des Dolomites italiennes. Relations avec le paléoenvironnement
Authors: Cros Pierre , Doubinger Jeanne
Published: June 2018

L'étude palynologique qualitative et quantitative précise de 1 1 échantillons fossilifères de marnes tuffitiques et de sédiments hémipélagiques du Ladinien supérieur a été replacée dans le cadre de l'évolution paléogéographique du bassin ladinien des Dolomites.

En effet, aux faciès carbonatés de bassin pélagique et de tuffites acides de la formation de Livinallongo (Ladinien inférieur) succèdent les faciès hémipélagiques ou terrigènes et tuffitiques (membre de Zoppe) de la formation d'Aquatona.

Les faciès terrigènes grossiers ont permis de reconstituer la paléogéographie des apports détritiques. Ils sont issus principalement de terres émergées formées de roches sédimentaires et volcaniques triasiques et de roches du socle des Dolomites. Par comparaison avec les travaux les plus récents sur les microflores du Trias alpin, la composition spécifique et les associations très variées de formes observées confirment l'attribution au Ladinien supérieur de l'ensemble des échantillons.

La comparaison des échantillons de tuffites des Alpes carniques orientales (région de Tarvisio, Italie) avec ceux des Dolomites permet d'attribuer un âge Ladinien supérieur aux tuffites acides affleurant sous les ignimbrites de Rio Freddo dans la localité type, plutôt qu' Anisien supérieur ou Ladinien inférieur. Ceci permet d'établir de nouvelles relations paléogéographiques entre les tuffites acides du bassin pélagique des Dolomites et des Alpes carniques occidentales et les séries pyroclastiques déposées en milieu continental, littoral s. I. et néritique ou hémipélagique des Alpes carniques orientales.

L'étude des rapports palynologiques, significatifs des conditions de transport terrigène ou éolien et d'influence marine franche, montre qu'ils évoluent de façon ordonnée en fonction de la distance à la source d'apport terrigène méridionale et de la dynamique de transport et de dépôt. La présence du paléorelief carbonaté anisien du Piz del Corvo qui accidente le bassin ladinien paraît le second facteur paléogéographique responsable des variations palynologiques observées. Le rôle des paléoreliefs sur la dynamique de transport terrigène et sur le développement local d'associations végétales subaériennes paraît confirmer l'importance d'îles émergées dans la compréhension des séries du Trias alpin méridional.
La Caune de l'Arago (Tautavel, Pyrénées orientales). Etude sédimentologlque d'un carottage réalisé dans le remplissage Pléistocène moyen de la grotte / «Caune de l'Arago »(Arago Cave), Tautavel, Pyrénées orientales. Sedimentological study of some core sampling carried out in the Middle Pleistocene deposits inside the cave
Authors: Demouy Anne , Renaud Marie-Christine
Published: June 2018

L'étude sédimentologique d'un carottage réalisé dans la Caune de l'Arago a permis de préciser, sur 9 m d'épaisseur, la lithostratigraphie du remplissage attribué au Pléistocène moyen. Trois ensembles sédimentaires sont distingués dans la séquence étudiée : l'ensemble de base, argilo-limoneux, peu calcaire, déposé sous un climat humide ; l'ensemble I, homogène, sableux, mis en place sous un climat sec ; l'ensemble II, calcaire, argilo-limoneux, qui témoigne d'un climat moins humide que celui de l'ensemble de base.
Etude palynologique et sédimentologique d'un milieu margino-littoral : la tourbière de Thiaye (Sénégal) / Palynological and sedimentological studies of a coastal environment : the peat bog of Thiaye (Senegal)
Authors: Lezine Anne-Marie , Bieda Sophie , Faure Hugues , Saos Jean-Luc
Published: June 2018

Cet article présente les résultats des analyses palynologiques et sédimentologiques d'une séquence de l'Holocène récent, postérieure à 6000 BP environ, de la tourbière de Thiaye située à l'Est du lac Tanma au Sénégal. La mangrove atteint son développement maximal vers 5000 BP ; elle fait place, après 4800 BP, à un environnement continental d'eau douce puis se développe à nouveau après 3000 BP. Les résultats sont discutés en relation avec les variations du niveau marin et les fluctuations paléohydrologiques.
Datation K-Ar des basaltes de la plaine des Angad au Sud d'Oujda (Maroc nord-oriental) / K-Ar dating of basalts in the Angad plain, South of Oujda, North-Eastern Morocco
Authors: Laouina Abdellah , Clauer Norbert , Tisserant Daniel
Published: June 2018

Les roches volcaniques qui affleurent dans la plaine des Angad au Sud d'Oujda sont des basaltes alcalins intraplaques, sous-saturés en Si, à phénocristaux d'olivine et augite titanifère. Certains contiennent des zéolites, des oxydes, de l'albite, du quartz, probablement d'origine hydrothermale. Des datations isotopiques K-Ar ont permis de situer cette activité volcanique au Mio-Pliocène, entre 6 et 3 Ma. D'après l'étude géologique, les formations les plus anciennes à 6,2 ± 0,3 Ma affleurent dans la plaine, alors que les plus récentes à 3,4 + 0,2 Ma en constituent les reliefs de la bordure méridionale.
Les cycles biogéochimiques dans les écosystèmes forestiers tempérés. The biogeochemical cycles in temperate forest ecosystems
Authors: Bartoli François
Published: June 2018

Cet article de synthèse sur les cycles biogéochimiques des éléments minéraux dans les écosystèmes forestiers tempérés tente de faire le point des travaux de recherche effectués, en essayant tout particulièrement de saisir l'incidence des cycles biogéochimiques sur le mode de dissolution des minéraux des sols, les préconcentrations géochimiques et les formes de transfert des éléments minéraux dans les rivières.
Minéralogie des sédiments du groupe Peninj (lac Natron, Tanzanie). Reconstitution des paléoenvironnements lacustres. Mineralogical records of the Peninj Group (Lake Natron, Tanzania). Lacustrine paleoenvironment implications
Authors: Icole Michel , Taieb Maurice , Périnet Guy , Manega Paul , Robert Christian
Published: June 2018

Sedimentary units of the Peninj Group located at the western edge of Lake Natron (Tanzania) include the Humbu and the Moinik formations. Their age is between approximately 1.6 and 1.0 Ma.

The Humbu Formation is consisting of lacustrine deposits with gastropods, ostracods and fishes as well as a deltaic unit which contains a mammalian fauna notably the Australopithecus robustus. The lithofacies, especially limestone and dolostone beds, the pedological features as clay skins, reddened materials, root casts, etc. are emphasized. The mineral investigations reveal clay minerals abundance (illites, smectites and mixed layers) and the presence of analcime associated with detrital elements (quartz, muscovite, etc.).

The Moinik Formation is a laminated or thin bedded unit of fine and well sorted material. The lime and dolomite make up thin and discontinuous layers. Erionite and some other alkaline zeolites like phillipsite and clinoptilolite dominate the mineral assemblages in which siliceous deposits appear as chert. Analcime and phyllosilicates are subordinate.

All these studies lead to the conclusion that the Humbu Formation corresponds to lacustrine fresh-water deposits interrupted by pedological processes and that the Moinik Formation is related to a stratified alkaline lake.
Hydrologie isotopique des lacs Magadi (Kenya) et Natron (Tanzanie). Isotopic hydrology of the lakes Magadi (Kenya ) and Natron (Tanzania )
Authors: Hillaire-Marcel Claude
Published: June 2018

Les sources hydrothermales du bassin Magadi-Natron présentent des compositions isotopiques (δ²H et δ¹⁸O) groupées autour d'une droite de pente 4,7 indiquant une évaporation assez importante. Elles sont interprétées comme le produit d'un mélange de trois composantes : la nappe profonde du rift (¹⁸O~-7‰ ; δ²H ~-50‰), la nappe superficielle des plateaux basaltique et précambrien (δ¹⁸O~-4‰ ; δ²H~-20‰) et les saumures interstitielles des sédiments lacustres (δ¹⁸O~8‰ ; δ²H ~-24‰). Le circuit géothermal de l'eau n'a laissé aucune trace isotopique apparente. Les teneurs en I3C et en l4C du carbone inorganique dissous reflètent des apports de carbone profond (δ¹³C<-4‰ ; A¹⁴C 0%) probablement liés au volcanisme carbonatitique régional. Une rééquilibration partielle avec le CO₂ atmosphérique s'observe en particulier dans les saumures (δ¹³C~1‰ ; A¹⁴C~40%). Les épisodes hydroclimatiques anciens favorables à une recharge importante de la nappe profonde correspondent à un abaissement des zones climatiques altitudinales de l'ordre de 600 à 1000 m dans le bassin.
Variations de la perméabilité de réservoirs gréseux soumis à percolation de solutions salines. Essais conduits sur grès meubles. Variation of the permeability of unconsolidated sandstone subjected to percolation with salt solutions
Authors: Baudracco Joseph , Tardy Yves
Published: June 2018

L'exploitation des puits de pétrole ou géothermiques montre presque toujours une diminution des débits avec le temps. Les variations de perméabilité sont contrôlées par de nombreux facteurs parmi lesquels on reconnaît le degré de cohésion du grès, la quantité et la nature des argiles, leur degré de dispersion, la température et la salure des solutions.

Des échantillons meubles d'un grès du Nord de l'Irlande ont été soumis à percolation de solutions salines à différentes températures. Durant la percolation, les variations du coefficient de perméabilité ont été mesurées. II apparaît que : (i) la perméabilité diminue en fonction du temps quelle que soient la nature des cations et la concentration des solutions, (ii) L'effet de la température est net et dépend de la force ionique. Pour une force ionique faible (I = 0,0 1 ), le coefficient de perméabilité diminue lorsque la température augmente. En revanche, pour une force ionique élevée (I = 2), le coefficient de perméabilité croît avec la température, (iii) La percolation s'accompagne d'un entraînement de fines particules minérales et de gels silico-ferriques d'autant plus important que la température est plus faible, (iv) La perméabilité diminue lorsque la concentration des solutions augmente, (v) Enfin, la perméabilité dépend de la nature du sel en solution.

Ces variations sont expliquées par les phénomènes de floculation et de défloculation des argiles dans le milieu poreux, liés aux variations d'épaisseur de la double couche ionique des argiles.
Application de l'analyse numérique des textures à l'étude d'objets géologiques : exemples d'une photographie aérienne et d'une lame mince de roche. Application of numerical analysis of textures to the study of geological object : examples of an aerial photography and a thin-section
Authors: Oltra Paul-Henri
Published: June 2018

De nombreux outils ont été développés ces dernières années par les théoriciens du traitement d'images. L'étude numérique des textures représente un pôle important de cette nouvelle discipline. Deux types d'images très différents sont étudiés ici, à l'aide de deux mesures effectuées sur les matrices de co-occurrence. Les résultats sont prometteurs, mais les images d'objets géologiques ne présentant pas de textures totalement homogènes, il est nécessaire de les traiter afin de s'affranchir des textures secondaires, superposées aux textures principales des objets, perturbant les calculs.
Analyse de la forme. / Shape analysis
Authors: Chermant Jean-Louis , Coster Michel
Published: June 2018

Shape analysis

A first part is devoted to the experimental conditions of the analysis. It describes the origin of statistical pictures and states the limits in applying image analysis to shapes determination.

A second part is devoted to the shape determination by individual analysis. After a presentation of the descriptors of connex objects (topological and metric descriptors, geodesy), the arrangement of points in an object is studied. The distribution is characterized by the moments ; the distance function and the geodesic propagation function are defined, the granulometric transform by openings and closings is introduced. Next, the arrangement of the points associated to an object boundary is presented : either using the morphological transforms (Mandelbrot-Richardson and Minkowski methods) or the transforms involving a change in space (Fourier analysis, Walsh analysis, Hough transform). Shape descriptors are proposed that do not depend on the observation scale (constant through an homothetic transformation) then different shape factors are defined. The granulometric method allows to define a shape-based sorting, using two size-based sortings. The silhouette and the roughness interest is pointed out. Finally a method of shape analysis in the local case is proposed by combining two granulometric sortings : the first based on a thickness criterion, the other based on the skeleton length.

A last part deals with the shape analysis of digital pictures. It mentions the problems arising from the fact that the picture is rendered discrete and it defines the concepts of distance, hull and skeleton in the discrete two-dimentionnal space.
Shanxipoa hallei nov. gen. nov. spec. - An enigmatic rosette-plant from the Permian of China / Shanxipoa hallei nov. gen. nov. spec. - une plante à rosette énigmatique du Permien de Chine
Authors: Mosbrugger Volker
Published: June 2018

Une plante nouvelle du Permien de la Chine est décrite. Elle est caractérisée par une rosette basale de feuilles à partir de laquelle se dressent des axes verticaux nus, terminés par un organe ressemblant à une cupule ou un strobile. La position systématique de cette plante et les implications écologiques de l'apparition des plantes-à-rosette dans le Permien sont discutées.
The Permian and Triassic sediments of the Teruel area, SE Iberian Ranges, Spain / Les sédiments permiens et triasiques de la région de Teruel, Chaîne Ibérique, Espagne
Authors: Arche Alfredo , López-Gómez José , Herranz Pedro , Márquez-Aliaga Ana , Sole de Porta Nuria
Published: June 2018

The Teruel area contains some Permian and Triassic key outcrops neglected up to now. The Late Permian sections are the thickest in the Iberian Ranges and have yielded a pollen and spore assemblage of Thuringian age, described here for the first time. The Triassic sediments show important thickness changes and two formations (Eslida Fm. and Marines Fm.) pinch out in this area. The Muschelkalk facies also contain rich faunas and palynomorph assemblages, described here for the first time ; they are of Ladinian age. The role of a synsedimentary tectonic activity is discussed and illustrated, and correlations are made with other parts of the Iberian Ranges.
Modeling Nearly Spherical Pure-bulge Galaxies with a Stellar Mass-to-light Ratio Gradient under the ΛCDM and MOND Paradigms. I. Methodology, Dynamical Stellar Mass, and Fundamental Mass Plane
Authors: Chae Kyu-Hyun , Bernardi Mariangela , Sheth Ravi K.
Published: June 2018

We carry out spherical Jeans modeling of nearly round pure-bulge galaxies selected from the ATLAS3D sample. Our modeling allows for gradients in the stellar mass-to-light ratio (M
⋆/L) through analytic prescriptions parameterized with a “gradient strength” K introduced to accommodate any viable gradient. We use a generalized Osipkov–Merritt model for the velocity dispersion (VD) anisotropy. We produce Monte Carlo sets of models based on the stellar VD profiles under both the ΛCDM and MOND paradigms. Here, we describe the galaxy data, the empirical inputs, and the modeling procedures of obtaining the Monte Carlo sets. We then present the projected dynamical stellar mass,

, within the effective radius R
e, and the fundamental mass plane (FMP) as a function of K. We find the scaling of the K-dependent mass with respect to the ATLAS3D reported mass as:

with a′ = −0.019 ± 0.012 and b′ = −0.18 ± 0.02 (ΛCDM), or a′ = −0.023 ± 0.014 and b′ = −0.23 ± 0.03 (MOND), for 0 ≤ K < 1.5. The FMP has coefficients consistent with the virial expectation and only the zero-point scales with K. The median value of K for the ATLAS3D galaxies is

. We perform a similar analysis of the much larger SDSS DR7 spectroscopic sample. In this case, only the VD within a single aperture is available, so we impose the additional requirement that the VD slope be similar to that in the ATLAS3D galaxies. Our analysis of the SDSS galaxies suggests a positive correlation of K with stellar mass.
Twisting/Swirling Motions during a Prominence Eruption as Seen from SDO/AIA
Authors: Pant V. , Datta A. , Banerjee D. , Chandrashekhar K. , Ray S.
Published: June 2018

A quiescent prominence was observed at the northwest limb of the Sun using different channels of the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory. We report and analyze twisting/swirling motions during and after the prominence eruption. We segregate the observed rotational motions into small and large scales. Small-scale rotational motions manifest in the barbs of the prominence, while the large-scale rotation manifests as the roll motion during the prominence eruption. We noticed that both footpoints of the prominence rotate in the counterclockwise direction. We propose that a similar sense of rotation in both footpoints leads to a prominence eruption. The prominence erupted asymmetrically near the southern footpoint, which may be due to an uneven mass distribution and location of the cavity near the southern footpoint. Furthermore, we study the swirling motion of the plasma along different circular paths in the cavity of the prominence after the prominence eruption. The rotational velocities of the plasma moving along different circular paths are estimated to be ∼9–40 km s−1. These swirling motions can be explained in terms of twisted magnetic field lines in the prominence cavity. Finally we observe the twist built up in the prominence, being carried away by the coronal mass ejection, as seen in the Large Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory.
Using Deep Learning in Collection Management to Reduce the Taxonomist’s Workload
Authors: Schermer Maarten , Hogeweg Laurens , Caspers Max
Published: June 2018

The completeness and quality of the information in natural history museum collections is essential to support its use, such as in collection management. Currently, the accuracy of the taxonomic information largely depends on expert provided metadata, such as species identification. At present an increase in the use of digitization techniques coincides with a dwindling of the number of taxonomic specialists, creating a growing backlog in specimen identifications.

We are investigating the role of artificial intelligence for automatic species identification in supporting collection management. When identifying collection specimens, common species are predominantly present, taking up a large amount of the expert’s time, who has to deal with a relatively easy, repetitive task. Therefore, one of our aims is to use human expertise where it is most needed, for complex tasks, and use properly validated computational methods for repetitive, less difficult identifications. To this end, we demonstrate the use of automatic species identification in digitization workflows, using deep learning based image recognition.

We investigated potential gains in the identification process of a large digitization project of papered Lepidoptera (>500,000 specimens). In this ongoing project, volunteers unpack, register and photograph the unmounted butterflies and repack them sustainably, still unmounted. Using only the individual images made by volunteers, taxonomic experts identify the specimens. Considering that the speed of digitization currently exceeds that of identification, a growing backlog of yet-to-be-identified specimens has formed, limiting the speed of publication of this biodiversity information. The test case for image recognition concerns specimens of the families Papilionidae and Lycaenidae, mostly collected in Indonesia.

By allowing the volunteers to provide an automatically generated identification with each image, we enable the taxonomic specialists to quickly validate the more easily identifiable specimens. This reduces their workload, allows them to focus on the more demanding specimens and increases the rate of specimen identification. We demonstrate how to combine computer and human decisions to ensure both high data quality standards and reduction of expert time.