bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enseigner la socialisation
Authors: Martin Gilles , Martinache Igor
Published: March 2018

Ce dossier documentaire a été conçu dans la logique des programmes de 1 re ES et de classes préparatoires Lettres et sciences sociales. Il permet tout d’abord de présenter les grandes traditions d’analyses de la socialisation 1  . Il décrit ensuite les processus de socialisation à travers le rôle des différentes instances de socialisation. Les institutions étant en interaction, leurs actions peuvent tout autant s’opposer que se renforcer.
Nouvelles liaisons ferroviaires chinoises : une entreprise stratégique
Authors: Huang Linyan , Lasserre Frédéric , Mottet Éric
Published: March 2018

Depuis 2011, le fret ferroviaire entre la Chine et l’Europe s’est rapidement développé, et a connu une relance spectaculaire avec le projet Belt and Road Initiative. On assiste aujourd’hui à une rapide expansion des volumes, des services proposés, le tout accompagné par la définition et la mise en œuvre de nouvelles infrastructures ferroviaires, en Russie, en Chine, vers l’Asie du Sud-Est, l’Iran ou le Pakistan. Ce développement, qui doit être nuancé, constitue-t-il un outil stratégique pour la Chine ?
La Nación evanescente en Bolivia
Authors: Alcocer Padilla Pamela , Gamboa Rocabado Franco , Mansilla Hugo Celso Felipe
Published: March 2018

Este artículo analiza los conflictos y dilemas por los que atraviesa la sociedad boliviana, haciendo énfasis en el debate que existe entre los principios universalistas (derivados del racionalismo de la tradición occidental moderna) y los valores particularistas (los que provienen de la propia herencia cultural pre-moderna). El país ha estado casi siempre dividido, por lo menos en dos partes: aquella Bolivia de orígenes y valores indígenas, versus el perfil de una Bolivia que aspira a ser parte del contexto mundial de la modernidad occidentalizada.
Identidad nacional y ciudadanía del Estado plurinacional
Authors: Garcia Yapur Fernando L.
Published: March 2018

A partir de la llegada de los campesinos indígenas al poder político, el país vive un intenso proceso de reencuentro entre la forma estatal (institucional) y la composición social cuyas consecuencias políticas, normativas y simbólicas son de un mayor sentido de pertenencia y constituyen un horizonte común. Empero, la línea del encauzamiento de la identidad nacional y de la ciudadanía compuesta no está marcada como irreversible en un derrotero lineal, viene penetrada por la contingencia y el continuo oscilar. Por ello, en la medida en que podamos lograr un mayor conocimiento de la intersubjetividad social que arrastramos como sociedad y Estado, podremos asentar mejor la identidad nacional que presenta una nueva configuración política, simbólica e institucional. Facetas que se viven sin una conciencia clara sobre sus determinantes histórico-políticos e incidencia y efecto en la concreción de la nación.
La nueva burocracia plurinacional en Bolivia
Authors: Soruco Sologuren Ximena
Published: March 2018

¿Quiénes son los servidores públicos plurinacionales? ¿Se ha democratizado el acceso a la burocracia boliviana en la última década? Si fuera así, ¿esto ha des-institucionalizado el aparato público? Este artículo presenta algunos hallazgos de una investigación sobre la burocracia del gobierno de Evo Morales (2006-2016). A partir de tres casos de estudio se intenta identificar cómo se traduce la llamada “emergencia indígena” en la composición social del Estado y qué repercusiones tiene tanto en el aparato público plurinacional, como en procesos de movilidad social y autoafirmación étnica indígena desde el 2006.
Les évolutions de la législation cinématographique dans les pays andins
Authors: Delfour Christine
Published: March 2018

Les changements sociétaux et politiques des années 2000 dans les pays andins coïncident avec le passage du celluloïd au numérique. La vidéo est devenue le principal media alternatif d’expression audiovisuelle. Elle démultiplie les créations dans tous les genres cinématographiques de plus ou moins bonne qualité. Demandant peu d’investissement, informel (pratiquement pas encore encadré par l’État), il est au cinéma ce que l’économie informelle est à l’économie formelle. Il est aussi le support avec lequel se sont formés de nombreux cinéastes reconnus. D’autres faits participent à la généralisation de la vidéo et du numérique : prolifération du DVD, des vidéo-clubs, des chaînes de télévisions privées, disparition progressive des salles commerciales et réduction des aides publiques (quand il y en avait). Existe-t-il au niveau continental une volonté des États de protéger la création cinématographique ? Les législations évoluent-elles en Bolivie, en Colombie, en Équateur, au Pérou au rythme soutenu des productions numériques ? Quelles mesures, si elles existent, sont prises institutionnellement pour développer, financer et protéger la création cinématographique ? Tel est l’objet de notre réflexion.
L’économie du cinéma populaire équatorien à l’ère numérique
Authors: Vincenot Emmanuel
Published: March 2018

Au cours de la dernière décennie, le cinéma équatorien a connu un essor important, dû en grande partie à la démocratisation des caméras numériques, mais l’essentiel de ce développement s’est produit dans le cadre d’un système économique informel, apparu en marge du cinéma officiel et baptisé « cinéma EBT » (« Ecuador Bajo Tierra »). Après avoir proposé dans un premier temps une définition de cette catégorie générique, l’article cherche à cerner les contours du phénomène « EBT », en insistant sur ses caractéristiques les plus singulières, notamment en termes de production et de distribution, et en analysant les défis économiques que doivent relever les acteurs du secteur afin d’assurer son développement.
« Los privilegios de la vista » Contrepoint entre Le Labyrinthe de la solitude et la photographie de Manuel Álvarez Bravo avec quelques détours par la peinture mexicaine du XXe siècle
Authors: Giraud Paul-Henri
Published: March 2018

« Voir est un privilège, et le privilège le plus grand est de voir des choses jamais vues : des œuvres d’art ». À l’invitation de cette phrase d’Octavio Paz, le présent article se propose d’illustrer chacun des chapitres du Labyrinthe de la solitude par des photographies de l’un des grands artistes mexicains du XXe siècle : Manuel Álvarez Bravo. Tant Paz qu’Álvarez Bravo ont beaucoup aimé la peinture et fréquenté les peintres. C’est la raison pour laquelle quelques images peintes sont ici évoquées, en complément du contrepoint entre, d’une part, l’écriture de l’essai, et d’autre part cette « écriture de la lumière » qu’est la photographie.
La photographie mexicaine des années vingt aux années cinquante et Le labyrinthe de la solitude : muse, reflet, empreinte ?
Authors: Gautreau Marion
Published: March 2018

Sous l’influence conjointe de l’impact des images produites pendant la Révolution, de l’élan donné par le nationalisme culturel et de l’arrivée d’artistes foisonnants comme Edward Weston et Tina Modotti, les années vingt constituent un moment très riche pour la photographie mexicaine. Cette éclosion visuelle va se poursuivre et s’affirmer au cours des décennies suivantes révélant de nombreux talents. Comme Octavio Paz échangeait de façon constante et fructueuse avec les intellectuels et les artistes de son pays, nous nous risquons à affirmer qu’il s’est abondamment nourri de la culture visuelle mexicaine de la première moitié du XXe siècle. Nous tenterons donc de dresser un panorama de la photographie mexicaine des années vingt aux années cinquante en la faisant dialoguer avec Le labyrinthe de la solitude. L’idée est de rapprocher certains développements de l’essai de thématiques et de partis pris esthétiques travaillés par les photographes contemporains d’Octavio Paz afin d’observer comment cette culture visuelle a pu contribuer à façonner la mythologie de l’identité mexicaine créée par l’auteur.
Le siège de Temixtitlán ou la bataille des mots livrée par Cortès
Authors: Plâa Monique
Published: March 2018

La communication interrogera le surprenant récit du siège de Temixtitlán qui occupe la fin de la troisième lettre-rapport que Cortès envoie au roi d’Espagne pour l’informer et sans doute influencer favorablement son jugement. Or il s’avère que ce texte, étonnement lent semble s’éloigner de la fonction d’information et de séduction qui devrait être la sienne. On privilégiera l’observation de la nature littéraire du texte pour tenter d’en percevoir les enjeux et tenter de savoir contre qui a été gagnée la bataille des mots.
El espacio marginal como núcleo autorreferencial (retórico, compositivo, conceptual) en La pícara Justina
Authors: Cuenca-Godbert Marta
Published: March 2018

La pícara Justina de Francisco López de Úbeda offre une explosion de virtualités textuelles. La fragmentation constitue l’une des caractéristiques formelles fondamentales de l’œuvre, véritable corpus de poèmes, de textes en prose, de paragraphes conclusifs moralisateurs, de notes à la marge ; autant de formes d’écriture combinées entre elles en un puzzle singulier. Nous explorons les notes marginales en tant que fil d’Ariane dans le labyrinthe de l’œuvre. Son histoire éditoriale permettra d’apporter un éclairage génétique aux notes. La présence des marginalia dans toutes les éditions du livre place l’autoréflexion au centre de la composition rhétorique de l’ensemble. L’instance narrative qui produit l’ensemble des textes apparaît de manière multiple, comme en diffraction. L’effet de style que produit l’inclusion des annotations, partie intégrante de l’œuvre, invite par ailleurs à considérer leur motivation au second degré : elles constituent un reflet du caractère marginal de la substance narrative. Ainsi s’offre-t-elle au lecteur s’il se montre disposé à mettre en question le caractère linéaire de la lecture.
Informar, instruir y controlar: Las notas de Fray Pedro de San Cecilio (1596-1668) sobre la fundación de la recolección mercedaria
Authors: García Garrido Manuela Águeda
Published: March 2018

Cet article vise à analyser la signification qu’acquièrent, dans le contexte socioculturel et religieux du XVIIe siècle, les notes marginales introduites par le frère mercédaire Pedro de San Cecilio, aux documents qu’il avait réunis concernant la récollection de son ordre. Aussi, avancerons-nous quelques pistes permettant d’expliquer dans quelle mesure la volonté historiciste du chroniqueur fut conçue en tant que stratégie d’ascension au sein de sa province. Celle-ci était alors soumise à un processus constant de restructuration interne dont les religieux les plus avantagés apprirent à tirer profit en vue d’accéder aux charges les plus convoitées et les plus honorables.
« Dans le sombre jardin » de Leopoldo María Panero
Authors: Durazzo François-Michel
Published: March 2018

Pour dépasser certaines lectures de l’œuvre de Leopoldo María Panero, biaisées par le regard qu’a pu poser le cinéma sur sa famille, d’une part, par la biographie de l’auteur, d’autre part, presque toute sa vie enfermé dans différents hôpitaux psychiatriques, notre lecture, centrée sur l’étude du lieu récurrent et signifiant, qu’est le jardin, tente d’approcher le cœur ardent du poème : espace dans lequel se projette l’être-au-monde, dans l’irréconciliable amour-haine que le je voue à l’Autre.
Entre interrogation et exclamation
Authors: Laguian Claire
Published: March 2018

Toute quête identitaire passe par un processus d’interrogation sur le moi, et la voix poétique panérienne ne déroge pas à la règle, puisqu’elle utilise très fréquemment les questions dans ses poèmes. Néanmoins, par divers stratagèmes linguistiques, elle transgresse totalement l’obligation de réponse qui conditionne normalement l’existence de l’interrogation. L’exclamation, du fait de son caractère d’affirmation hyperbolique, semble supplanter une interrogation en échec total, surtout à partir des années 2000. Mais, la voix poétique chez Leopoldo María Panero essuie encore un non-aboutissement puisque le sémantisme de l’exclamation implique toujours une facette négative. Ce qui détruit finalement tout espoir d’une quelconque voie identitaire, capable d’être définie ou trouvée, c’est la prépondérance des interjections syllabiques, « ah » et « oh », qui s’apparentent au cri et installent paradoxalement un silence signifiant dans des poèmes qui finissent peut-être par accepter le caractère vain, utopique, de toute recherche identitaire.
Democracia intercultural y representación políticaen las autonomías departamentales e indígenas
Authors: Mayorga Fernando
Published: March 2018

Il s’agit d’analyser l’état d’avancement de la construction institutionnelle de la démocratie interculturelle en prêtant attention aux critères et aux règles de la représentation politique qui ont été intégrés aux statuts d’autonomies départementales et aux statuts des autonomies indigènes. Il s’agit également d’évaluer, dans la mesure du possible, les conceptions de la démocratie interculturelle dans d’autres contextes comme, par exemple, dans le cadre de projet de Loi de consultation préalable et de la Loi des organisations politiques. Cependant nous limitons notre analyse à la représentation politique parce que c’est précisément là où nous trouvons le plus grand nombre d’éléments pour évaluer le processus institutionnel de la démocratie interculturelle.
L’émergence du contrôle de constitutionnalité en Bolivie
Authors: Garcia Jean-René
Published: March 2018

Avec la Constitution de 2009, le pouvoir exécutif bénéficiait d’une marge de manœuvre importante pour l’élaboration des politiques publiques et, à ce titre, il demeurait un pouvoir exécutif “fort”. Cependant, il devait désormais inscrire son action dans le cadre strictement légal de la Constitution sous peine de voir ces mesures remises en cause par le Tribunal Constitutionnel Plurinational. En fait, les débats constitutionnels lors de la Constituante de 2007 à 2008 ne portaient pas tant sur la remise en cause d’une juridiction constitutionnelle qui fonctionnait déjà depuis la réforme de 1994 que sur l’élaboration d’une Constitution qui permettrait une meilleure participation des Indiens au système politique du pays.
La dialéctica de lo visible e invisible en la utilización de las fotografíasde los desaparecidos argentinos
Authors: Villanueva Graciela
Published: March 2018

Les pancartes brandies par les Mères de la Place de Mai dès les premières manifestations publiques de protestation contre la dictature, les dossiers juridiques pour retrouver les responsables des disparitions, les articles nécrologiques in memoriam publiés par le journal Página 12 de Buenos Aires, les sites web et blogs de défense des droits de l’homme, les expositions de photographie et certaines manifestations artistiques de la dernière décennie font réapparaître les disparus. La photographie les rapproche et tâche de montrer ce qui ne se laisse pas photographier : le creux, l’absence, le temps qui sépare les vivants des disparus et des morts. Ces photos font contrepoint aux silhouettes sans visage brandies lors des manifestations de défense des droits de l’homme à partir de 1983. Cet article propose une étude de l’utilisation juridique, sociale et artistique de la photographie des disparus, tout particulièrement dans l’oeuvre de Marcelo Brodsky, Julio Pantoja, Lucila Quieto, Gabriela Bettini, Helen Zout, Pedro Camilo Pérez del Cerro, Clara Rossón, Inés Ulanovsky, Gustavo Germano, Verónica Maggi, Martín Acosta, Claudia Fontes et Nicolás Guagnini.
Le visible et l’invisible dans l’œuvre romanesque de Benito Pérez Galdós
Authors: Lakhdari Sadi
Published: March 2018

Le visible et l’invisible ont un statut particulier dans les romans réalistes puisqu’ils privilégient apparemment la réalité matérielle grâce à des descriptions du visible. L’influence de la clinique dans les œuvres de Benito Pérez Galdós entraîne cependant une attention spéciale envers les symptômes surtout psychiatriques considérés comme les signifiants d’une réalité psychique cachée. Galdós va plus loin, considérant qu’une partie des phénomènes psychiques ne sont pas directement traduisibles et restent enveloppés dans un mystère difficile à déchiffrer ce qui préfigure clairement les théories de Freud.
Le blanc dans la poésie espagnole du xxe siècle
Authors: Mathios Bénédicte
Published: March 2018

Comme en Europe, bien qu’avec des spécificités, la poésie espagnole du XXe siècle voit se développer des pratiques tendant à visualiser la lettre et à spatialiser, de façon illustrative ou non, le poème, enclenchant ainsi un rapport différent, inauguré par Mallarmé, entre le réel et les mots. Les espaces en blanc internes au vers, ou facteurs d’un nouvel agencement des vers, devenant alors lignes horizontales ou non, étaient jusque là le domaine de l’invisible, dans la mesure où le blanc est considéré habituellement comme « fond » de l’écrit. Pourtant, les blancs font eux aussi naître une visibilité éparpillée de façon aléatoire, abstraite ou figurative (calligrammes). Le blanc devient alors l’espace du lecteur qui doit trouver comment « coudre » entre eux les éléments visibles, afin, au-delà du signifié immédiat né de la dimension visuelle, de lire autrement, en parcourant les strates de sens qui spatialisent la conception même de métaphore et sa réception. Les auteurs donnés comme exemples sont : V. Huidobro, G. Diego, J. Brossà, B. de Otero.
Compañeras de allende las fronteras. Estereotipos de género y nación entre las mandos fascistas de España y Alemania
Authors: Ariño Toni Morant i
Published: March 2018

Dans les années 1936-1945, les cadres féminins du fascisme espagnol et du nazisme ont maintenu des contacts fréquents. Fondés sur une affinité idéologique et sur la conscience de partager une même culture politique, ils se sont traduits par de nombreuses visites d’étude et la mise en place d’une collaboration, aux côtés d’autres organisations de jeunesse fasciste, visant à dessiner le futur de la « Nouvelle Europe ». Les documents que nous avons pu consulter apportent beaucoup d’informations quant au contenu de ces relations étroites, mais ils nous permettent également de mieux saisir la façon dont elles percevaient leurs homologues ainsi que leurs pays respectifs. Le texte revient sur ces regards, dans un contexte et avec des protagonistes qui n’ont pas encore pris en compte les études consacrées aux stéréotypes nationaux et genrés.
L’épistémologie de la psychologie dans l’œuvre de Maurice Reuchlin
Authors: Flieller André
Published: March 2018

Reuchlin est davantage connu comme psychologue différentialiste, méthodologue et historien de la psychologie que comme épistémologue. Pourtant, l’épistémologie est omniprésente dans son œuvre. Cet article se propose de le montrer et de présenter de manière systématique les analyses et options épistémologiques de l’auteur, qu’elles soient générales, comme celles relatives aux critères de scientificité, ou plus spécifiques, celles concernant les limites de l’opérationnisme par exemple. L’épistémologie développée par Reuchlin apparaît à la fois comme normative et descriptive, mais toujours étroitement liée aux problèmes rencontrés par les psychologues dans leurs recherches, que ces problèmes soient historiques, actuels, ou permanents.
Financial Stability vs. Sustainable Development and Its Financing
Authors: Ziolo Magdalena , Ben Ghoul Marwa Ben Ghoul , Aydın Halil İbrahim
Published: March 2018

Financing of sustainable development is a sophisticated and long-term process determined by a number of economic and non-economic factors. Financial instruments, private and public nature, exist that can be a source of financing of sustainable development. The choice of finance sources and instruments has an impact on the stability of economic systems and the efficiency of public expenditure with respect to sustainable development goals. The choice of financial instruments for financing development impact on financial stability and results in outcomes performed. The goal of the chapter is to examine relationships between financial stability reflected by public debt to gross domestic product (GDP) and sustainable development described by variables represented by three pillars of sustainable development: economic, social, and environmental. The role of environmentally related tax revenue has been identified as crucial for financing sustainable development goals.
Digital Experience Moving Toward Greater Learning Experience
Authors: Leong Kit Wai , Latif Roslina Abdul
Published: March 2018

In this new millennium it is a challenge for educators to promote digital experiences that lead to effectiveness and holistic contribution in the learning process. This new development is also in line with the Taylor's University strategy plan 2012-2016, which promises a conducive and responsive learning environment that embraces technology. Hence, the main focus of this chapter is to evaluate the student perspective toward digital experience applied with the adoption of TIMES together with a vast range of tools and how the digital experience was preparing our students for success in the world beyond for the audio-visual production module. Focus groups were conducted to examine the feedback on digital experience for the duration of teaching the module. The results from the study imply that the digital experience has a positive and mediating effect on the learning experience for the students. The knowledge-rich ecology of ongoing participation, self-expression, and recognition in their learning skills also contributes to the ever on-going process of learning.
Engaging Assessment Tools for the Twenty-First Century Students
Authors: Mah Siau Hui
Published: March 2018

As we move towards twenty-first century learning, which focuses in learner-centric education, an effective assessment mechanism is warranted for a better student engagement. Hence, this chapter describes various approaches of assessment tools that employs electronic devices for the learners' assessments such as worksheets, assignments, tutorial, essays, quizzes, etc. The main approaches that have been explored are online quizzes, mobile apps, and e-marking. These web-based assessment tools are easy to use and work well with Taylor's University's learning management platform (TIMES). These tools are effective for the lecturers to annotate, comment, and collaborate on leaners' assessment submissions through interactive features such as audio, video, and URL link. They also serve as a platform for lecturers to engage with the learners throughout the learning processes and monitor their progress. This approach results in learner-centric education where learning is personalised and flexible and meaningful learning takes place.
Online Leadership and Communication Across Cultures
Authors: Jensen Iben
Published: March 2018

Cross-cultural management is challenging. However, online leadership across cultures demands even more intercultural competence, as the actors involved neither share physical space nor everyday experiences. This chapter offers a new interdisciplinary perspective on global collaboration, which addresses the complexity in online cross-cultural leadership. The perspective is formed as a post-cultural prism comprising practice theory, positioning theory, and postcolonial theory. It is argued that this interdisciplinary approach is capable of filling the gap in the field of intercultural competence, as it offers tools for reflection on online interactions in everyday situations. The aim of this chapter is to contribute to a conceptualization in cross-cultural leadership and to introduce basic intercultural practices for practitioners.
Power in Online Leadership
Authors: Fogsgaard Morten , Elmholdt Claus , Lindekilde Rikke
Published: March 2018

In this chapter, the authors explore how power processes can promote or hinder effectiveness in online leadership. The chapter offers a theoretical and empirical analysis of the power processes in online leadership, using the triangle of structural, personal, and discursive power as an analytical lens. The theoretical outset for understanding online leadership is the literature on boundaries and boundary-spanning leadership. The authors define online leadership as social influence processes mediated by technology to produce individual and collective efforts to accomplish shared objectives. The chapter is empirically based on material from one of the authors' PhD work on online leadership in a global Danish manufacturing company. The chapter illustrates how power can be used both constructively and destructively in online leadership.
Entrepreneurs and Technology
Authors: Ndinguri Erastus , Machtmes Krisanna , Machtmes Ryan J. , Hill Jessica I.
Published: March 2018

Technology disruption as well as changing economies have brought new opportunities and threats to the global entrepreneurial models and transformed societies all over the world. Entrepreneurship as a dynamic phenomenon is being analyzed as a tool for bearing the risk of market uncertainty, innovation, competition, and restructuring, and generating new knowledge. Despite continued analysis of the entrepreneur phenomena, how emerging technologies influence generation of business ideas and business formation is still unexplored. The aim of this chapter is to explore this relationship by analyzing women entrepreneurs. Specifically, the authors ask the question, Does the use and access of emerging technology trigger generation of business ideas which leads to business formation? Also, do demographic characteristics of entrepreneurs play a role in knowing and using emerging technology?
Service Quality and Knowledge as Determinants of Mobile Health Services
Authors: Nisha Nabila , Iqbal Mehree , Rifat Afrin
Published: March 2018

Presently, mobile health (m-health) services is a dynamic example of the integration of information technology into healthcare service provisions. However, citizens are often concerned about the use of this medium. Their apprehensions mostly encircle the quality of such services and extent of their own healthcare knowledge. This chapter thus aims to investigate adoption drivers of m-health services in Bangladesh by employing the UTAUT model. Results reveal service qualities like reliability, privacy, responsiveness, empathy, and information quality along with facilitating conditions, effort expectancy, performance expectancy, and social influence as significant drivers in m-health service adoption. In addition, this chapter suggests a new research agenda wherein perceived risks can act as an additional construct. Several factors that are known to exacerbate perceived risk were identified from literature and thereafter shown as part of a proposed framework. Implications for practice and research are also discussed for better planning and implementation of m-health services.
Connecting and Sharing Tacit Knowledge
Authors: Dalkir Kimiz
Published: March 2018

Collaboration has become a part of our everyday life – including our everyday work life. In addition, our work colleagues are often not in close physical proximity, making face-to-face interactions rare. As a result, we have come to rely on information and communication technologies to connect – in particular, social networking technologies or social media. While traditional technologies are well suited for sharing explicit knowledge that has been articulated and documented as text or other media, tacit knowledge is more challenging. Tacit knowledge is typically experiential knowledge that is very difficult to put into words or document in any way. This chapter investigates the benefits and barriers to using social media with respect to professional communication and collaboration. Recommendations are proposed to help select the best knowledge sharing medium for tacit knowledge.
The Advantages and Disadvantages of Internet Commerce in China
Authors: Yang James G. S.
Published: March 2018

This chapter further considers the tax aspect of the internet commerce transaction, which found that the Chinese government imposes a value-added tax at a rate of 17%. The system to impose value-added is extremely complicated. The first buyer pays tax. The tax is transferred to the second buyer, so on and so forth until the last buyer. It requires detailed records. It makes the tax administration highly burdensome. On the contrary, in the United States, the sales tax rate is only 7% and is imposed only on the final consumer. There are no sales between the first buyer and the last buyer. The taxing system is much simpler than its counterpart in China.
Application of Natural-Inspired Paradigms on System Identification
Authors: Giesbrecht Mateus , Bottura Celso Pascoli
Published: March 2018

In this chapter, the application of nature-inspired paradigms on system identification is discussed. A review of the recent applications of techniques such as genetic algorithms, genetic programming, immuno-inspired algorithms, and particle swarm optimization to the system identification is presented, discussing the application to linear, nonlinear, time invariant, time variant, monovariable, and multivariable cases. Then the application of an immuno-inspired algorithm to solve the linear time variant multivariable system identification problem is detailed with examples and comparisons to other methods. Finally, the future directions of the application of nature-inspired paradigms to the system identification problem are discussed, followed by the chapter conclusions.
Systemic Risk Management
Authors: Raue Steve , Klein Louis
Published: March 2018

Risk management is a practice. It consists of activities which ought to be focused and integrated. This chapter argues for a systemic practice of project risk management. It shows what can be done with a systemic approach to improve risk management on different levels in different ways, and how systems thinking meets the challenges of increasing project complexity and the embedded risks. First, the benefits of a systemic perspective on projects in observing and describing actuality and possibility are explored, to provide a wider range of perspectives on the project itself and alternative ways to detect risk. The second part discusses why it is critical to establish risk management as an independent key practice in projects. A third part is concerned with proposing elements of risk management as a distinct project within projects, projects to detect, to mitigate and to fix risks.
Financial Risk Management
Authors: Stoian Mirela-Madalina , Stoian Rares-Gabriel
Published: March 2018

The present paper intends to serve as an introduction into the financial risk management universe. It starts with the basic assumption that performance of an organization is inseparable from the risks it is facing. Any organization should have in place the necessary tools to identify, assess and constantly measure the risks it is exposed to. The paper focuses in defining the basic principles in creating a viable risk management framework that keeps track of three major categories of identified financial risks: market risk, credit risk and liquidity risk. Emphasis is put on the models to measure these types of risks but also on the tools an organization can use in order to reduce them. The second part of the paper is dedicated to recent events that shaped and shocked financial markets and illustrate the consequences faced by organizations when risks are not properly assessed and the risk management models in place are based on dangerously unrealistic notions.
Strategic Planning in Entrepreneurial Companies
Authors: Suklev Bobek George , Fidanoski Filip , Simeonovski Kiril , Mateska Vesna , Zlatanoska Aleksandra
Published: March 2018

Innovation is wheel of change and development. Moreover, strategic planning is wheel and new mode of innovation and entrepreneurship. A growing body of literature, under the title of strategy planning and entrepreneurship, addresses the question of how strategic planning impacts on company's performance, competitive advantages, growth and market share. Therefore, almost every section in the chapter contains reports from empirical research conducted to investigate the different aspects of strategic planning in entrepreneurial companies worldwide. The research includes the most interesting parts of planning and entrepreneurship such as: environment, innovation, planning outcomes, benefits, limitations, etc. We find that surveyed companies introduce planning mostly because of their desire for growth, most of them use the entrepreneurial strategic mode, and their average time horizon for planning is less than three years. Importantly, this chapter opens the scientific door and avenue for new soundly empirical/theoretical studies and creative insights about strategic planning and entrepreneurship.
A Step-by-Step Procedural Methodology for Improving an Organization's IT Risk Management System
Authors: Loganathan Shanmugapriya
Published: March 2018

Risks in IT are described as a form of threat in context with data security, network transfer, system scheduled processes, critical applications, and business procedures. IT risk management is broadly defined as the process of managing IT risks, and must be executed on a regular basis. It is neither a product nor a purchase, but a policy of an organization implements to protect its business systems. Managing IT risk plays a vital role in administering any business in today's world. Irrespective of the business, deep knowledge of IT risk leads to increased data security, reduced business cost, and greater compliance. This chapter deals with methodologies to improve risk management in an IT organization, their impact, and some examples.
Using a Knowledge-Based Approach to Foster the Use of Risk Management in Construction
Authors: Serpell Alfredo Federico , Ferrada Ximena , Rubio Larissa
Published: March 2018

Knowledge is a key factor in carrying out and improving risk management in construction projects. Even so, it has been found that this management is done inadequately often mainly due to the lack of knowledge available for its execution. Thus, a knowledge-based system for addressing the problems of risk management in construction projects is proposed and described in this chapter. This is a web-based system that aims to supporting risk management for construction projects in an industry environment where risk management is not well valued yet. The system includes a tool that uses a maturity model for the assessment of risk management capabilities of contractors and owners, a module to propose improvements according to the existing gaps reported by the maturity evaluation module, and a knowledge base that supports a project's risk management and has the ability to acquire knowledge from experiences obtained during the implementation of different construction projects.
Deriving a Multi-Theoretical Framework for BPS Research
Authors: Münstermann Björn
Published: March 2018

When it comes to developing theoretical foundations for such complex things as business process standardization or business process management researchers agree that no single theory is capable of explaining all phenomena that occur. The authors agree with that perspective and propose a multi-theoretical framework for BPS research by combining the Resource-Based View (RBV) of the firm with Dynamic Capabilities (DC) theory and some selected dynamic capabilities to conceptualize the specific requirements of BPS. Hence, the goal of this chapter is to lay out solid theoretical foundations for research on BPS. In a first step, the authors define the research context. Then several established theoretical lenses are presented, and finally, they are combined into a multi-theoretical framework for BPS research.
Trusted Cloud Initiative Reference Architecture
Authors: Shen Yushi , Li Yale , Wu Ling , Liu Shaofeng , Wen Qian
Published: March 2018

The Trusted Cloud Initiative helps cloud providers develop industry-recommended, secure, and interoperable identity, access, and compliance management configurations and practices. The Trusted Cloud Initiative is to develop reference models and provide education in a vendor-neutral manner, inclusive of all CSA members and affiliates who wish to participate. The Trusted Cloud Initiative Reference Architecture is both a methodology and a set of tools, enabling security architects, enterprise architects, and risk management professionals to leverage a common set of solutions to fulfill their common needs. It enables them to assess their internal IT service and that of their cloud providers in terms of security capabilities, and to plan a roadmap to meet the security needs of their business. The purpose of this quick guide is to take a user through the Trusted Cloud architecture much like an owner's manual walks a consumer through a product.
Fuzzy Rules for Risk Assessment and Contingency Estimation Within COCOMO Software Project Planning Model
Authors: Manalif Ekananta , Capretz Luiz Fernando , Ho Danny
Published: March 2018

Software development can be considered to be the most uncertain project when compared to other projects due to uncertainty in the customer requirements, the complexity of the process, and the intangible nature of the product. In order to increase the chance of success in managing a software project, the project manager(s) must invest more time and effort in the project planning phase, which involves such primary and integrated activities as effort estimation and risk management, because the accuracy of the effort estimation is highly dependent on the size and number of project risks in a particular software project. However, as is common practice, these two activities are often disconnected from each other and project managers have come to consider such steps to be unreliable due to their lack of accuracy. This chapter introduces the Fuzzy-ExCOM Model, which is used for software project planning and is based on fuzzy technique. It has the capability to not only integrate the effort estimation and risk assessment activities but also to provide information about the estimated effort, the project risks, and the effort contingency allowance necessary to accommodate the identified risk. A validation of this model using the project's research data shows that this new approach is capable of improving the existing COCOMO estimation performance.
Towards a Model of Sustainability Capabilities and Competitive Advantage
Authors: Mandal Santanu
Published: March 2018

Firms have lately realized the importance of sustainability because of (1) decreasing resources (2) difficulty in getting adequate and skilled resources. Therefore firms are trying their best to include sustainability considerations in their operational, tactical and strategic planning. In this scenario, this paper makes an attempt to operationalize several kinds of resources existing in an organization from a sustainability perspective and tries to investigate which of these can best help the organization in developing sustainability capabilities which will eventually led the firm to gain competitive advantage. Based on the data collected from 204 executives engaged in different sectors, the findings indicate that except accounting resources, all other resources like information technology, finance, marketing and operations are significant in enabling the firm to develop sustainability capabilities. Relatively, operations resources and information technology resources are the most important predictors of sustainability capabilities and hence firms can focus more on these departments while strategic resource allocation. Finally, the study exhibited that sustainability capabilities do help a firm to gain competitive advantage.
Competitive Advantage and Automated Sharing of Tacit Knowledge
Authors: Chilton Michael A. , Bloodgood James M.
Published: March 2018

In this chapter, the authors investigate how raw data, obtained from a variety of sources, can be processed into knowledge using automated techniques that will help organizations gain a competitive advantage. Firms have amassed so much data that only automated methods, such as data mining or converting existing knowledge into expert systems is possible to make any sense of it or to protect it from competitors. Further, the data that is processed may be considered tacit knowledge because it is hidden from people until it is processed. In this chapter, the authors discuss various sources of data that might help an organization achieve and sustain a competitive advantage. A firm can data mine its own production database for insight regarding its customers and markets that have previously been ignored. It might also mine social media (e.g., Facebook and Twitter), which has become a forum for individual preferences and activities from which the savvy organization could turn into competitive advantage. They also discuss how this knowledge can be protected from intrusion by competitors to sustain the competitive position it may achieve as a result of the discovery of knowledge from massive data sets.
An Empirical Take on Qualitative and Quantitative Risk Factors
Authors: Raghunath K. Madhu Kishore , Devi S. Lakshmi Tulasi , Patro Chandra Sekhar
Published: March 2018

Companies face a great challenge of balancing both risk and return on par. In today's volatile economic environment, success depends on strategically managing risks. All organisations accept risk in every decision that they take and risk management is therefore it is strategic when done proactively. Some risks are financial or quantitative and others are associated with behavioral factors or qualitative. Effective strategic risk management must address both quantitative and qualitative factors. Some factors are difficult to quantify or even identify. This study develops a framework from a literature review to identify most relevant quantitative and qualitative risks affecting public as well as private organisations. Risk planning, analysis and mitigation techniques are then proposed along with guidelines for matching each to a specific contest. Surveys are used to collect evidence from educational institutions, hospitals, banks, and manufacturing organizations to build the model. Non-paramateric statistical methods are used to validate the most significant combination of risk factors.
The Relationships Among Environmental Turbulence and Socio-Technical Risk Factors Affecting Project Risks and Performance in NPD Project Teams
Authors: Chen Jengchung Victor , Widjaja Andree E. , Chen Bianca
Published: March 2018

This study proposes a research framework to empirically examine the relationships among environmental turbulence, socio-technical risk factors, project risk, and project performance for a New Product Development (NPD) project team in the telecommunications industry. In addition, the moderating effect of communication on the relationship between project risk and project performance is also analyzed. The samples were collected from NPD team projects in 17 of Taiwan's telecommunication public firms. Our results indicate a positive relationship between: (1) environmental turbulence and social-related risks, (2) social-related risks and technical-related risks, (3) socio-technical related risks and project risks, and (4) a strong negative relationship between project risks and project performance. Meanwhile, although statistically insignificant, the moderating effect of communication could weaken the relationship between project risk and project performance.
Project and Risk Management in a Global Context
Authors: Perano Mirko , Della Piana Bice , Casali Gian Luca
Published: March 2018

Project management is one of the possible ways to improve the organizational reputation and create value. The control achievable on each project' constrains (time, cost and quality) and the actions consequent by assessment process can represent in theory a guarantee for the success of a project. In practical, there are many risks capable of upsetting the project dynamics leading to failures. Risk management, or the specific area of knowledge of Project Risk Management, are useful to prevent this possible occurrence. The global dimension of organizations' networks that use PM, moves this quality to the project that this organizations do. A definition of global project is provided as well as also the consequent considerations about the cross-cultural aspect within the peoples involved in this type of project. It is framed and proposed a new category of risk related to management of global project: cultural risk analysis.
Coping Better With the Project's Unknown Unknowns
Authors: Schoper Yvonne-Gabriele , Böhle Fritz , Heidling Eckhard
Published: March 2018

It is the goal of management to overcome and delete uncertainty. Uncertainty is seen as an obstacle and threat for successful management. However projects are full of uncertainty. Successful project management therefore aims to overcome and ideally delete uncertainty as far as possible. In project management, uncertainty and risk are often used synonymously. Current project management methodology contains only technics how to manage risk in projects. The assessment of risks is based on the precondition of stable conditions and the idea that the influencing parameters are known, assessable and calculable. Since more than 2,000 years it is the aim of the Western cultures to master the nature by natural sciences and mathematics. In the last three centuries of Modern Philosophy the perspective developed that analytical scientific know how (episteme) and technical skills (techne) can master any kind of complexity and risk. The third traditional Aristotelian competence, the practical wisdom (phronesis) however was perceived as not acknowledgeable.
Confidential Data Storage Systems for Wearable Platforms
Authors: Wang Mingzhong , Kerr Don
Published: March 2018

With the features of mobility, reality augmentation, and context sensitivity, wearable devices are widely deployed into various domains. However, the sensitivity of collected data makes security and privacy protection one of the first priority in the advancement of wearable technologies. This chapter provides a study on encryption-based confidentiality protection for data storage systems in wearable platforms. The chapter first conducts a review to storage solutions in consumer wearable products and explores a two-tier, local flash memory and remote cloud storage, storage system in wearable platforms. Then encryption-based confidentiality protection and implementation methods for both flash memory and remote cloud storage are summarized. According to the interaction and integration of these two components, a categorization of confidential storage systems in wearable platforms is proposed. In addition, the benefits and selection criteria for each category are also discussed.
Model Course Syllabus
Authors: Antero Michelle C.
Published: March 2018

This chapter briefly introduces some historical and contemporary context before proposing a model course syllabus to implement a course in Management of Security Issues in Wearable Technology. The course syllabus is developed in line with the IS2010 curriculum recommended by the peak bodies (ACM and AIS) for a degree in Information Systems, Computer Information Systems or Management Information Systems. The design further follows the guidelines developed by the Accreditation Board of Engineering and Technology (ABET) that advocates that Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs) be developed for the list of topics covered by the material. In addition, the syllabus provides a basis for enterprise training relevant to managers and security specialists. The chapter also provides some general pedagogical guidelines on how each topic can be discussed and activities appropriate to the learners. It also uses Gluga et al.'s (2013) assessment criteria, based on Bloom's (1956) taxonomy to measure the depth of knowledge.