bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Method for Determining the Time Constants Characterizing the Intensity of Steel Mixing in Continuous Casting Tundish
Authors: Pieprzyca J. , Jowsa J.
Published: April 2015

A common method used in identification of hydrodynamics phenomena occurring in Continuous Casting (CC) device's tundish is to determine the RTD curves of time. These curves allows to determine the way of the liquid steel flowing and mixing in the tundish. These can be identified either as the result of numerical simulation or by the experiments - as the result of researching the physical models. Special problem is to objectify it while conducting physical research. It is necessary to precisely determine the time constants which characterize researched phenomena basing on the data acquired in the measured change of the concentration of the tracer in model liquid's volume. The mathematical description of determined curves is based on the approximate differential equations formulated in the theory of fluid mechanics. Solving these equations to calculate the time constants requires a special software and it is very time-consuming. To improve the process a method was created to calculate the time constants with use of automation elements. It allows to solve problems using algebraic method, which improves interpretation of the research results of physical modeling.
Multiphase Numerical Model of Molten Steel and Slag Behavior in the Continuous Casting Mould
Authors: Bielnicki M. , Jowsa J. , Cwudziński A.
Published: April 2015

The paper reports the results of numerical simulation of the flow of liquid steel with the use of a multiphase model. The facility under study was a mould designed for continuous casting of steel slabs. The geometry of the facility, along with the computational grid, was generated within the program Ansys-MeshingR. Numerical computations were performed in the programs: COMSOL Multiphysics¯ and Ansys-Fluent¯. The use of the multiphase model enabled the determination of the behavior of the liquid slag layer on the metal bath surface. From the performed computer simulations, the fields of liquid steel motion and liquid steel turbulence kinetic energy distribution in the mould's symmetry plane have been presented. Based on the values recorded at selected measurement points located on the slag surface, a diagram illustrating the variation of the slag layer position during continuous steel casting has been plotted.
Interaction Between Steel Melt and Refractory Materials in Tundish
Authors: Drofelnik N. , Lamut J. , Marolt M. , Knap M.
Published: April 2015

In Štore Steel steelworks steel is casted on a three strand continuous casting machine. Lining of tundish is mainly made from a magnesia based material. Tundish cover powder is based on alumina and silica. It also contains aluminum and carbon.

During casting, the composition of cover slag is constantly changing. When steel in casted in sequences the change in cover slag composition depends on the amount of CaO rich ladle slag. The composition of tundish cover slag at the end of the casting sequence lies in the area of gehlenite (2CaO·Al2O3·SiO2) in ternary phase diagram CaO·Al2O3·SiO2.

The result of the reaction between melted steel, refractory material and tundish cover slag are enstatite (MgO·SiO2) and monticellite (CaO·MgO·SiO2). Merwinite (3CaO·MgO·SiO2) is formed in the end of the casting sequence because of high basicity of the gehlenite based tundish cover slag.

Clogging on the inner side of submerged entry nozzles (SEN) are made of calcium aluminates (CaO·2Al2O3) and spinel (MgO, MnO)·Al2O3. Only when steel is casted in sequence composition changes in tundish cover slag and clogging occurs.
Influence of the Radiation Shield on the Temperature of Rails Rolled in the Reversing Mill
Authors: Gołdasz A. , Malinowski Z. , Hadała B. , Rywotycki M.
Published: April 2015

The paper presents a mathematical model of heat transfer during cooling of hot-rolled rails in the reversing mill. The influence of the radiation shield on the temperature of rolled rails has been analyzed. The heat transfer model for cooling a strip covered by the thermal shield has been presented. The two types of shields build of steel and aluminum sheets separated with insulating layer have been studded. Calculations have been performed with self developed software which utilizes the finite element method.
Changes in Hydrogen Content During Steelmaking
Authors: Vrbek K. , Lamut J. , Marolt M. , Knap M.
Published: April 2015

Štore Steel produces steel grades for spring, forging and engineering industry applications. Steelmaking technology consists of scrap melting in Electric Arc Furnace (EAF), secondary metallurgy in Ladle Furnace (LF) and continuous casting of billets (CC). Hydrogen content during steelmaking of various steel grades and steelmaking technologies was measured. Samples of steel melt from EAF, LF and CC were collected and investigated. Sampling from Electric Arc Furnace and Ladle Furnace was carried out using vacuum pin tubes. Regular measurements of hydrogen content in steel melt were made using Hydris device. Hydrogen content results measured in tundish by Hydris device were compared with results from pin tube samples. Based on the measurement results it was established that hydrogen content during steelmaking increases. The highest values were determined in tundish during casting. Factors that influence the hydrogen content in liquid steel the most were steelmaking technology and alloying elements.
Ecological Aspects of the Performed Thermal Reclamation
Authors: Łucarz M.
Published: April 2015

The thermal analysis results of the selected group of binders and the thermal reclamation of one spent moulding sand with organic binder, are presented in the paper. The reclaiming process of the quartz matrix was performed on the basis of the own method of selecting the reclamation temperature. Taking into account thermogravimetric (TG) analysis results of the binder, the temperature range - required for performing the efficient reclamation of spent moulding sand containing this binder - was indicated. In order to confirm the assumptions, the thermal reclamation operations were carried out at a temperature similar to the determined on the TG basis and - for comparisons - at lower and higher temperatures. During the reclamation operation the reclaim samples were taken for the loss on ignition testing, aimed at the determination of the process efficiency. Temperature in the reclaimer chamber and gas consumptions were also recorded. On the bases of the thermal analyses, loss on ignition, gas consumption and temperatures of the reclaimed moulding sand bed the recommendations for the realisation of the thermal reclamation were given. These recommendations will allow a better, than currently available, process control in an aspect of decreasing the pyrolysis effect and limiting the emission of substances harmful for the environment.
Thermal Conductivity of Moulding Sand with Chemical Binders, Attempts of its Increasing
Authors: Zych J. , Mocek J. , Snopkiewicz T. , Jamrozowicz Ł.
Published: April 2015

The investigation results of the thermal conductivity of the selected group of moulding sands with chemical binders, mainly organic, are presented in the hereby paper. Studies encompassed also moulding sands into which additions improving the thermal conductivity were introduced. Two testing methods were applied, i.e. investigations at a steady and unsteady temperature zone. For investigations at a steady temperature zone the new original experimental stand was designed and built, adapted also for testing moulding sands with binders undergoing destruction at relatively low temperatures.
The Analysis of the High Speed Wire Drawing Process of High Carbon Steel Wires Under Hydrodynamic Lubrication Conditions
Authors: Suliga M.
Published: April 2015

In this work the analysis of the wire drawing process in hydrodynamic dies has been done. The drawing process of φ5.5 mm wire rod to the final wire of φ1.7 mm was conducted in 12 passes, in drawing speed range of 5-25 m/s. For final wires of φ1.7 mm the investigation of topography of wire surface, the amount of lubricant on the wire surface and the pressure of lubricant in hydrodynamic dies were determined. Additionally, in the work selected mechanical properties of the wires have been estimated.

It has been shown that in the drawing process under hydrodynamic lubrication by drawing speed of 25 m/s the phenomena of uncontrolled formation of the surface and the diameter of the wire appears, and in the process the compressive stresses eliminating cracks on the wire surface occur, causing further smoothing. The wires drawn hydrodynamically in speed of 25 m/s, besides clearly worse properties compared to the wires drawn hydrodynamically at speeds in the range of 5 to 20 m/s, also exhibit large dimensional variations.
Numerical Analysis of the Cross-Wedge Rolling Process by Means of Three Tools of Stepped Shafts From Aluminum Alloy 7075
Authors: Bartnicki J. , Tomczak J. , Pater Z.
Published: April 2015

This paper presents results of numerical calculations for the rolling process by means of three tools of stepped shafts from aluminum alloy 7075. Forming with the usage of tools with three different wedge spreading angles underwent analysis. In the paper, the obtained distributions of stresses, strains and Cockcroft-Latham damage criterion were given. Moreover, the influence of the wedge spreading angle on shape faults presence in the obtained product was determined. At the same time, the force parameters, which play a crucial role in the designed experiment, were analyzed.
Design of Controlled Processing Conditions for Drop Forgings Made of Microalloy Steel Grades for Mining Industry
Authors: Skubisz P. , Żak A. , Burdek M. , Lisiecki Ł. , Micek P.
Published: April 2015

Effect of plastic processing and controlled cooling on microstructure and mechanical properties of experimental steel grades with microalloyed with Ti, V and/or Nb, varying in the content of Mo is presented as an offer for mining industry for replacement traditionally heat-treatable hardenability grades. The goal of the work is producing microstructure condition, which after controlled hot forging and direct heat treatment, involving quenching and self-tempering, are meant to provide good combination of mechanical properties, such as TYS 800 MPa, UTS 1050 MPa, elongation to fracture at least A5 15% and/or impact strength at room temperature KCV 60 J/cm2. Hardenability assessment and dilatometric examination allowed formulation of direct heat treatment guidelines, taking into consideration fields of temperature and strain in a typical hot forging process, estimated numerically, with the use of plastometric tests results, as well as the use of unique cooling cycles after forging.

On the basis of numerical analysis of thermomechanical parameters and temperature progression, hot forging and direct cooling conditions were selected to achieve assumed structural components, morphology and dispersion of both grain and precipitates. For established heat transfer model and experimentally plotted cooling curves numerical analysis of direct cooling, enabled by definition of characteristic points of austenite transformation and CCT diagrams was conducted. The modeling aided with dilatometric characterization enabled prediction of transformation products distribution. The formulated conclusions were verified in the experimental sampling of forging, evaluating the applicability of designed combinations of chemical composition and cooling cycle for selected forged part for mining industry.
The Effect of Stepped Austempering on Phase Composition and Mechanical Properties of Nanostructured X37CrMoV5-1 Steel
Authors: Marciniak S. , Skołek E. , Świątnicki W.
Published: April 2015

This paper presents the results of studies of X37CrMoV5-1 steel subjected to quenching processes with a one-step and a two-step isothermal annealing. The TEM observation revealed that steel after one-step treatment led is composed of carbide-free bainite with nanometric thickness of ferrite plates and of high volume fraction of retained austenite in form of thin layers or large blocks. In order to improve the strength parameters an attempt was made to reduce the austenite content by use of quenching with the two-step isothermal annealing. The temperature and time of each step were designed on the basis of dilatometric measurements. It was shown, that the two-step heat treatment led to increase of the bainitic ferrite content and resulted in improvement of steel's strength with no loss of steel ductility.
Dunkl harmonic analysis and fundamental sets of continuous functions on the unit sphere
Authors: Veprintsev Roman A.
Published: April 2015

We establish a necessary and sufficient condition on a continuous function on [-1,1] under which the family of functions on the unit sphere 𝕊
Guidance, Navigation and Control of Unmanned Surface Vehicles
Authors: Kurowski Martin , Haghani Adel , Koschorrek Philipp , Jeinsch Torsten
Published: April 2015

In this paper, a framework for guidance, navigation and control of marine vehicles is proposed. The focus is on application of unmanned
surface vehicle for performing high accuracy measuring tasks. The desired maneuvering path is defined as a combination of standard
path sections and delivered to the guidance system. The measurements are filtered and the unmeasurable states are estimated in
navigation system and fed back to the guidance and control systems. An extended Kalman filter based approach is used in navigation
system, in order to take the nonlinear behaviors of the system into consideration. The proposed control scheme is a modular system
consisting of a cascade structure, where the unified inner loop is responsible for velocity control and the outer loop can be adapted
independently to various missions. The model parameters are estimated based on subspace identification method using data obtained from
a measuring vehicle, MESSIN. The results have been further used for design of control and navigation systems. The performance and
effectiveness of the proposed framework are demonstrated on a model for a path following mission.
Guidance of AUVs for Autonomous Underwater Inspection
Authors: Jacobi Marco , Karimanzira Divas
Published: April 2015

In this paper, a task-based online path-planning and guidance system of underactuated unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) for
inspection of underwater infrastructure is described. Whether there are harbor submerged structures, cables, pipes, hydro-technical
works, they all need to be checked in relation to structural deterioration specific potential problems such as scour, erosion, and
accelerated local corrosion problems. At the highest level, the mission controller handles different event types, permitting also the
execution of mission tasks. The online path-planning module generates a set of waypoints based on an environmental perception module
for the AUV to follow the target object with a constant distance. The guidance method actually controls the vehicle to follow the
waypoints, assuming the relative position and attitude of the vehicle is precisely estimated in real-time. By combining these methods,
an AUV can perform fully autonomous inspection of underwater structures. The system was evaluated with success for several harbor and
pipeline inspection scenarios in a test basin and sea trials.
Dietary intake of specific phenolic compounds and their effect on the antioxidant activity of daily food rations
Authors: Koch Wojciech , Baj Tomasz , Kukula-Koch Wirginia , Marzec Zbigniew
Published: April 2015

The determination of phenolic acids’ and flavonoids’ content in daily food rations (DFRs) of
a selected group of male and female students and the development of chromatographic conditions is the primary goal of the study. The presence of 7 phenolic components were confirmed in the prepared extracts from all diets reconstructed within a period of 3 years. The highest concentrations were determined for hesperidin (124 and 55.6 mg for women and men, respectively), naringin
(47.6 mg in female and 37 mg in male diets) and chlorogenic acid (19.7 and 19.8 mg for women and men). The antioxidant potential of the daily food rations, measured with
a DPPH test, was higher for women (range 47.1‒78.8%) than for men (range 34.5‒78.0%) and was found to strongly correlate with the total phenolics content of the samples (Folin-Ciocalteu test) (correlation coefficient 0.90).
Anisotropy Effects on the Thermoelectric Electronic Transport Coefficients
Authors: Mecholsky Nicholas A. , Hamad Bothina , Resca Lorenzo , Pegg Ian L. , Fornari Marco
Published: April 2015

Engineering thermoelectric (TE) materials for applications in power generation and cooling requires an understanding of how anisotropy influences the TE properties. In this paper we use an angular-dependent, multivalley formalism to model the band structure and to explore the effect of anisotropy on the Seebeck and conductivity tensors. Specifically we explore the effect of degeneracy and relative orientation of the effective mass ellipsoids near critical points on the shape of these tensors. Examples of these types of anisotropic effects are explored within the above formalism and with the full band structures of two materials: half-Heusler ZrNiSn and (Sr,Ba)Nb2O6 with the tetragonal tungsten bronze structure.
Abel dynamic equations of first and second kind
Authors: Bohner Martin , Streipert Sabrina H.
Published: April 2015

This paper gives the definition and analysis of
Abel dynamic equations on a general time scale.
As such, the results contain as special cases
results for classical Abel differential equations
and results for new Abel difference equations.
By using appropriate transformations,
expressions of Abel dynamic equations of
second kind are derived on the general time scale.
This also leads to a specific class of
Abel dynamic equations of first kind.
Finally, the canonical Abel dynamic equation
is defined and examined.
Optical control of the spin of a magnetic atom in a semiconductor quantum dot
Authors: Besombes L. , Boukari H. , Le Gall C. , Brunetti A. , Cao C.L. , Jamet S. , Varghese B.
Published: April 2015

The control of single spins in solids is a key but challenging step for any
spin-based solid-state quantumcomputing device. Thanks to their expected long
coherence time, localized spins on magnetic atoms in a semiconductor host could
be an interesting media to store quantum information in the solid state. Optical
probing and control of the spin of individual or pairs of Manganese (Mn) atoms
(S = 5/2) have been obtained in II-VI and IIIV semiconductor quantum dots during
the last years. In this paper, we review recently developed optical control
experiments of the spin of an individual Mn atoms in II-VI semiconductor
self-assembled or strain-free quantum dots (QDs).We first show that the fine
structure of the Mn atom and especially a strained induced magnetic anisotropy
is the main parameter controlling the spin memory of the magnetic atom at zero
magnetic field. We then demonstrate that the energy of any spin state of a Mn
atom or pairs of Mn atom can be independently tuned by using the optical Stark
effect induced by a resonant laser field. The strong coupling with the resonant
laser field modifies the Mn fine structure and consequently its dynamics.We then
describe the spin dynamics of a Mn atom under this strong resonant optical
excitation. In addition to standard optical pumping expected for a resonant
excitation, we show that the Mn spin population can be trapped in the state
which is resonantly excited. This effect is modeled considering the coherent
spin dynamics of the coupled electronic and nuclear spin of the Mn atom
optically dressed by a resonant laser field. Finally, we discuss the spin
dynamics of a Mn atom in strain-free QDs and show that these structures should
permit a fast optical coherent control of an individual Mn spin.
Effects of phase shift on bipartite and multipartite correlations of a spin chain under dephasing
Authors: Chen Ai-Xi , Zhang Jian-Song
Published: April 2015

We investigate the effects of phase shift on entanglement,
quantum discord, geometric discord, and spinsqueezing
of a Heisenberg chain under dephasing. An analytical
solution of the present model is obtained. Our results
show that the initial correlations of the spin chain
could be partially stored for a long time in the presence
of dephasing and the amount of steady state correlations
can be adjusted via phase shift. Particularly, we find the
effects of phase shift on quantum discord and geometric
discord are not always the same, i.e., the increase of
geometric discord does not always imply the increase of
quantum discord. Then, we calculate the spin-squeezing
of the spin chain and find that spin-squeezing first increases
with time and then reaches a plateau. The amount
of spin-squeezing can be controlled via phase shift.
Formulation and evaluation of freeze-dried DOTMP kit for the preparation of clinical-scale 177Lu-DOTMP and
153Sm-DOTMP at the hospital radiopharmacy
Authors: Das Tapas , Chakraborty Sudipta , Sarma Haladhar D. , Banerjee Sharmila
Published: April 2015

Objective: The objective of the present work is to develop and evaluate freeze-dried DOTMP kit, which could be utilized for
the convenient and single-step preparation of clinical-scale 177Lu-DOTMP and 153Sm-DOTMP, both of which have
shown potential as alternative agents for metastatic bone pain palliation.

Experimental: Freeze-dried DOTMP kits, each comprising a lyophilized mixture of 20 mg DOTMP and 8.75 mg
NaOH, were prepared. The kits were used for the preparation of clinical-scale 177Lu-DOTMP and 153Sm-DOTMP
complexes. The agents were prepared by dissolving the lyophilized powder in 1 mL of normal saline and incubating with
177LuCl3 or 153SmCl3, produced in-house, for 15 min at room temperature. Pharmacokinetic
behavior and biological distribution of the agents were studied by carrying out biodistribution as well as scintigraphic studies in
normal male Wistar rats. Shelf-life of the freeze-dried kits was also ascertained.

Results: Clinical-scale 177Lu-DOTMP and 153Sm-DOTMP complexes, comprising up to 3.7 GBq
(100 mCi) of activity, were prepared with > 99% radiochemical purity using the freeze-dried kits. The complexes
exhibited high in vitro stability when stored at room temperature. Biological studies showed selective skeletal accumulation and
insignificant uptake of the radiotracers in any of the vital organs/tissue. The non-accumulated activity exhibited primary urinary
clearance. The kits had a shelf-life of 2 years when stored at 4 ℃ temperature.

Conclusion: Freeze-dried DOTMP kits, suitable for the preparation of clinical-scale 177Lu-DOTMP and
153Sm-DOTMP, have been developed and the radiochemical and biological behaviors of the radiolabeled agents have been
studied. The use of the kit at the hospital radiopharmacy is expected to make the preparations easy and convenient. This in turn will
enable the widespread dissemination of these promising agents towards their application for regular use.
Nominal-internal phrasal movement in Mandarin Chinese
Authors: Zhang Niina Ning
Published: April 2015

In Mandarin Chinese, the phrasal modifier or complement of a noun, usually followed by the functional element
Zur Chemie der 1,3,5-Triaza-2-phosphorinan- 4,6-dione. Teil XIV. Darstellung von weiteren P-alkyl- und P-arylsubstituierten 1,3,5-Trimethyl-1,3,5-triaza-2-phosphorinan-4,6-dionen
Authors: Gast Rainer , Neda Ion , Fischer Axel K. , Jones Peter G. , Schmutzler Reinhard
Published: April 2015

Die Reaktion von 1,5-Bis(trimethylsilyl)-1,3,5-trimethylbiuret mit Di- bzw. Monochlorphosphanen führte unter Bildung von Me3SiCl zu den 1,3,5-Trimethyl-1,3,5-triaza-2σ
3
λ
3-phosphorinan-4,6-dionen 1–4 bzw. zu den 1,5-Bis(phosphano)-1,3,5-trimethylbiuret-Derivativen 5 und 6. Verbindungen 1, 2 und 4 wurden mittels Einkristall-Röntgenstrukturanalyse charakterisiert. Alle Heterozyklen wiesen eine flache Boot-Konfiguration auf, wobei das Phosphoratom und das gegenüberstehende Stickstoffatom außerhalb der Ebene der restlichen Atome lagen. Oxidation der σ
3
λ
3P-Derivative mit dem 1:1-Harnstoff/Wasserstoffperoxid-Addukt lieferte die entsprechenden 2-Oxo-2σ
4
λ
5-phosphorinan-4,6-dionen 8–11 und die 1,5-Bis(phosphoryl)biuret-Derivate 12 und 13. Die Spirophosphorane 15–22 wurden bei der Reaktion von 1–4 mit Tetrachlor-o-benzochinon, und von 1, 3und 4 mit Hexafluoraceton gebildet. Verbindungen 20 und 21 enthalten einen Oxaphosphetanring, der durch die elektronegativen CF3-Gruppen stabilisiert wird. Verbindung 22 wurde aus 21 durch Verlust der Trimethylsilylgruppe gebildet.Außer 21 wurden alle Oxaphosphetane über ihre 1H-, 13C-, 19F- und 31P-NMR-Spektren und mittels E.I.-Massenspektrometrie characterisiert. Auch für 20 wurde eine Einkristall-Röntgenstrukturanalyse durchgeführt; die Koordination am Phosphor ist stark verzerrt trigonal bipyramidal, wobei der Oxetanring eine axiale und eine equatoriale Lage am Phosphor besetzt. Die Reaktion von 1 mit 1-Trifluormethyl-2-(heptafluorisopropyl)-biacetyl lieferte 23 anstatt eines Oxaphosphetans wie 20.
Ionic binuclear ferrocenyl compounds containing 1,1,3,3-tetracyanopropenide anions – synthesis, structural characterization and catalytic effects on thermal decomposition of main components of solid propellants
Authors: Zhao Dongmei , Li Jizhen , Bi Fuqiang , Yang Yahui , Gao Xiaoni , Zhang Weiqiang , Zhang Guofang , Gao Ziwei
Published: April 2015

Alkyl-substituted ferrocenes are typical burning-rate catalysts in composite solid propellants, but their high migration tendency and volatility has impeded their extensive applications. By introducing the concept of ionic energetic compounds, eight new ionic binuclear ferrocenyl compounds, [FcCH2N(CH3)2(CH2)
n
N(CH3)2CH2Fc]2+ (X–
2) (Fc = ferrocenyl; X– = 1,1,3,3-tetracyano propenide; n = 3–10; the compounds being numbered consecutively 1–8), were prepared and characterized. The molecular structures of 1, 2, and 4 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and their cations were studied by density functional theory calculations (DFT). Compounds 1–5 show high thermal stability but 6–8 are slightly volatile. The results of cyclic voltammetry studies suggest that each salt exhibits a quasireversible redox system. Catalytic effects of the new salts on thermal degradation of ammonium perchlorate (AP), 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triaza-cyclo-hexane (RDX), and 1,2,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazacyclooctane (HMX), have been investigated by DSC and/or TG methods. The results show that the new compounds can bring the peak temperatures of both AP and RDX down significantly and enhance their heat release dramatically, indicating that the ferrocenyl salts possess high catalytic efficiency for the thermal decomposition of AP and RDX. Their catalytic activities are nearly equal to or higher than that of the corresponding nitrates and picrates, as well as their mononuclear counterparts. Compound 6 also efficiently catalyzes the thermal decomposition of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) and 1:1 mixtures of HTPB and AP.
Liberal Protestants and Urban Renewal
Authors: Wild Mark
Published: April 2015

This article examines the liberal Protestant encounter with the urban renewal programs that remade U.S. cities after World War II. Suburbanization had punishing consequences for cities and threatened the already tenuous presence of liberal Protestants there. The concept of renewal—in both its religious and secular dimensions—promised a solution to these problems. Many renewalists, those clergy and laypeople who viewed deteriorating urban neighborhoods as an opportunity to restore Church unity, initially embraced urban renewal as a secular corollary to their work. But the interaction among ecclesial organizations, government, and inner city parishioners over its implementation exacerbated tensions within liberal Protestantism. Many who initially supported urban renewal came to conclude that its results did not match their own objectives. By supporting challenges to redevelopment from African Americans, Latinos, and other urban residents, renewalists criticized the Church for what they believed to be complicity in the degradation of Christian culture and the urban environment.

This history demonstrates the mutual influence of culture and organizational structure within liberal Protestantism and the impact of those changes on secular society. Renewalists grappling with urban renewal programs interpreted both theological and secular concepts through their own experiences with city populations, Church bodies, government, and redevelopment agencies. Their subsequent actions prompted mainline denominational leaders to support, for a time, at least, ministries geared more towards to indigenous community development. Such ministries reflected a more pluralist conception of society and the Church's role in it. Eventually, renewalists' opponents turned this pluralist conception on its head, decentralizing the church bureaucracies that had funded their ministries. An analogous process took place in the urban renewal programs themselves, underscoring the ways in which religious and urban histories intersect.
Directional Trans-Synaptic Labeling of Specific Neuronal Connections in Live Animals
Authors: Desbois Muriel , Cook Steven J , Emmons Scott W , Bülow Hannes E
Published: April 2015

Understanding animal behavior and development requires visualization and analysis of their synaptic connectivity, but existing methods are laborious or may not depend on trans-synaptic interactions. Here we describe a transgenic approach for in vivo labeling of specific connections in Caenorhabditis elegans, which we term iBLINC. The method is based on BLINC (Biotin Labeling of INtercellular Contacts) and involves trans-synaptic enzymatic transfer of biotin by the Escherichia coli biotin ligase BirA onto an acceptor peptide. A BirA fusion with the presynaptic cell adhesion molecule NRX-1/neurexin is expressed presynaptically, whereas a fusion between the acceptor peptide and the postsynaptic protein NLG-1/neuroligin is expressed postsynaptically. The biotinylated acceptor peptide::NLG-1/neuroligin fusion is detected by a monomeric streptavidin::fluorescent protein fusion transgenically secreted into the extracellular space. Physical contact between neurons is insufficient to create a fluorescent signal, suggesting that synapse formation is required. The labeling approach appears to capture the directionality of synaptic connections, and quantitative analyses of synapse patterns display excellent concordance with electron micrograph reconstructions. Experiments using photoconvertible fluorescent proteins suggest that the method can be utilized for studies of protein dynamics at the synapse. Applying this technique, we find connectivity patterns of defined connections to vary across a population of wild-type animals. In aging animals, specific segments of synaptic connections are more susceptible to decline than others, consistent with dedicated mechanisms of synaptic maintenance. Collectively, we have developed an enzyme-based, trans-synaptic labeling method that allows high-resolution analyses of synaptic connectivity as well as protein dynamics at specific synapses of live animals.
Įvadas
Authors: Laužikas Rimvydas
Published: April 2015

Lietuvos muziejų situacijos tyrimo idėja kilo sklaidant užsienio autorių tyrimus panašia tematika. Skirtingose šalyse (Australijoje, JAV, Jungtinėje Karalystėje, Norvegijoje ir kt.) ir skirtingu laiku atlikti tyrimai rodo, kad daugumoje šalių viešasis kultūros paveldo ir atminties institucijų sektorius suprantamas kaip kuriantis įvairių kapitalo formų pridedamąją vertę, ta vertė skaičiuojama, o šiam sektoriui skiriamos lėšos traktuojamos kaip investicijos. [...]
Muziejų politika Lietuvoje 1990–2011 m.: muziejų teisė, strategijos, valdymas
Authors: Keršytė Nastazija , Kelpša Mindaugas
Published: April 2015

Šiuolaikinės nacionalinės Lietuvos muziejų politikos pagrindiniai aspektai –muziejų organizacijos ir veiklos teisė, pagrindinės strategijos, muziejų tinklo ir sistemos valdymas – kompleksiškai ir moksliškai pradėti nagrinėti tik 2012 m., Nastazijai Keršytei vykdant mokslinį projektą „Lietuvos muziejininkystės raida 1752–2012 metais“, remiamą Lietuvos Mokslo Tarybos, ir atliekant atskiras jo dalis: „Muziejų valdymo kaita tarp savo ir kitų patirties“ ir „Nacionalinis tapatumas ir nacionalinių muziejų situacija. Muziejų politikos problemos“, taip pat N. Keršytei ir doktorantui Mindaugui Kelpšai atlikus projekto „Lietuvos muziejai 1990–2011 m.: situacijos tyrimas ir informacijos apie tyrimo rezultatus sklaida“, kurį įgyvendino Vilniaus universiteto Komunikacijos fakulteto grupė ir iš dalies finansavo LR kultūros ministerija, dalį „Muziejų politika Lietuvoje“. Dalis šios aktualios problematikos tyrimo rezultatų jau paskelbti 2012 m. N. Keršytės publikacijoje „Nacionalinis tapatumas ir nacionalinių muziejų situacija. Muziejų politikos problemos“, kuri pasirodė recenzuojamame žurnale „Liaudies kultūra“ (Keršytė, 2012) bei N. Keršytės ir M. Kelpšos parengtame pranešime „Nacionalinė muziejų politika: muziejų valdymo kaita, integracinės strategijos tinklaveikos visuomenėje tarp savo ir kitų patirties“. Šis pranešimas buvo perskaitytas tarptautinėje konferencijoje „Muziejus XXI a. – pokyčiai ir iššūkiai“, vykusioje 2012 m. rugsėjo 21 d. LR Seime. [...]
Lietuvos muziejai 1991–2011 metais: pagrindiniai kiekybiniai veiklų rodikliai, rezultatai ir problemos
Authors: Laužikas Rimvydas
Published: April 2015

Pastaraisiais dešimtmečiais Lietuvos valstybė ir visuomenė patyrė kardinalių pokyčių. 1990 m. kovo 11 dieną tapusi nepriklausoma valstybė Lietuva išgyveno visas transformacijas nuo postsovietinės respublikos iki pilnateisės Europos Sąjungos narės. Kartu kito ir visuomenė. Be šių politiškai determinuotų pokyčių, Lietuvos visuomenė ir jos institucijos (kaip ir kitų šalių visuomenės ir institucijos) susidūrė su daugybe naujų iššūkių: globalizacija, informacinių ir komunikacinių technologijų plėtra, migracija, demografine kaita, kurie, kai kurių sociologų nuomone, leidžia kalbėti apie naujos, globalios tinklaveikos visuomenės atsiradimą (Castells, 2006). Taigi, nagrinėdami pokyčius, turime atkreipti dėmesį ne tik į technologinį aspektą, t. y. naujas priemones muziejaus tikslams įgyvendinti, bet ir į socialinį aspektą – pasikeitusius visuomenės poreikius. Naujų technologinių galimybių ir poreikių derinimas yra ypač svarbus viešojo sektoriaus institucijoms (muziejams, bibliotekoms), kurių tiesioginė funkcija yra tarnauti visuomenei. [...]
Egodokumentai Lietuvos muziejuose ir jų panaudojimas
Authors: Pacevičius Arvydas
Published: April 2015

Kultūros ministerijos duomenimis, Lietuvoje 2011 m. veikė 105 muziejai, eksponuojantys tik 5 proc. savo „turtų“ (iš viso saugoma 6 521 tūkst. eksponatų)1. Statistika neatskleidžia, kokią minėtų eksponatų dalį sudaro archyvalijos, tačiau preliminarūs tyrimai (Ivanova, 2011; Mikalajūnaitė, 2011) rodo, kad archyvinių vertybių muziejai turi sukaupę nemažai – tiek pagrindiniame, tiek pagalbiniame rinkinių fonduose ir muziejų archyvuose. Kyla klausimas, kokią archyvalijų dalį sudaro egodokumentai, t. y. autobiografinė raštija pirmuoju asmeniu, kuriai tradiciškai priskiriami atsiminimai, dienoraščiai, autobiografijos, laiškai ir kita. Kaip egodokumentai panaudojami? Ar „dalyvauja“ muziejinėje komunikacijoje, apimančioje mokslinę,  edukacinę, pažintinę ir kitas veiklas? [...]
Lietuvos muziejų leidybinė veikla 2001–2011 metais
Authors: Brasaitė Fausta
Published: April 2015

Muziejus kaip kultūros ir švietimo institucija, kurios svarbiausia veikla „kaupti, saugoti, restauruoti, tirti, eksponuoti ir populiarinti materialines ir dvasines kultūros vertybes bei gamtos objektus“ (Lietuvos Respublikos Seimas, 2003), yra neatsiejamas nuo visuomenės. Muziejaus ir visuomenės sąveika nuolat yra palaikoma, įvairiomis formomis vyksta komunikacija. Muziejus komunikacijos su visuomene procese yra informacijos siuntėjas. Muziejaus komunikacinę veiklą galima apibrėžti kaip veiksmų visumą, užtikrinančią informacijosprieinamumą gavėjui – visuomenei. [...]
Neonatal Aortic Dilatation Secondary to Vitamin A Deficiency
Authors: Mallett Rephainah , Simmonds Shanique , Kuppurajan Abirami , Narayanan Arul , Balasubramanian Karthik , Ramakrishnan Santhanakrishnan
Published: April 2015

We report on a term neonate with unexplained respiratory distress, dilatation of the descending aorta, and low serum retinol concentration. The respiratory distress did not respond to conventional medical management and persisted for 22 days requiring an inspired oxygen fraction of 0.4 to 0.5 to maintain adequate arterial oxygen saturation. One week after intramuscular vitamin A therapy, the respiratory distress and requirement for supplementary oxygen resolved. Dilatation of the distal aorta resolved at 7 weeks of age. An association between vitamin A deficiency and aortic dilatation has previously been described in rats, but the association in humans has rarely been reported. We suggest that unexplained neonatal respiratory distress and a dilated aorta should prompt suspicion of vitamin A deficiency. An underlying infective or inflammatory process may give rise to a falsely low serum retinol concentration. Serum retinol and retinol binding protein concentrations in both the mother and infant should be used to guide vitamin A status, treatment, and subsequent response.
Head Lice
Authors: Devore Cynthia D. , Schutze Gordon E. ,   THE COUNCIL ON SCHOOL HEALTH AND COMMITTEE ON INFECTIOUS DISEASES, Okamoto Jeffrey , Allison Mandy , Ancona Richard , Attisha Elliott , De Pinto Cheryl , Holmes Breena , Kjolhede Christopher , Lerner Marc , Minier Mark , Weiss-Harrison Adrienne , Young Thomas , Byington Carrie L. , Maldonado Yvonne A. , Barnett Elizabeth D. , Davies H. Dele , Edwards Kathryn M. , Jackson Mary Anne , Maldonado Yvonne A. , Murray Dennis L. , Rathore Mobeen H. , Romero José R. , Sawyer Mark H. , Schutze Gordon E. , Willoughby Rodney E. , Zaoutis Theoklis E.
Published: April 2015

This Clinical Report was revised. See https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2022-059282.

Head lice infestation is associated with limited morbidity but causes a high level of anxiety among parents of school-aged children. Since the 2010 clinical report on head lice was published by the American Academy of Pediatrics, newer medications have been approved for the treatment of head lice. This revised clinical report clarifies current diagnosis and treatment protocols and provides guidance for the management of children with head lice in the school setting.
Developing air cargo operations at regional airports
Authors: Budd Lucy , Ison Stephen , Budd Thomas
Published: April 2015

East Midlands airport (EMA) is a regional airport in northwest Leicestershire in central England. It is located roughly equidistant between the three Midlands' cities of Derby, Leicester and Nottingham and currently supports a range of full-service scheduled, charter and low-cost passenger operations to short- and medium-haul destinations in Europe as well as a significant number of long-haul intra and intercontinental freight services. In 2012, EMA was the thirteenth busiest passenger airport in the UK, handling just over four million customers a year, and the country's largest pure freight facility, processing almost 300 000 t of cargo and mail. By examining the historical development and commercial evolution of EMA from its opening as a commercial airport in 1965 to the present day, the paper details how a combination of far-sighted planning decisions and strategic management interventions have enabled EMA to diversify its operations and develop a unique operating niche that serves passenger flights during the day and cargo operations at night. The paper concludes by identifying elements of best practice and examining the extent to which the development of successful cargo operations at EMA could serve as a model for other regional airports worldwide that are seeking to develop complementary passenger and freight services.
Guernsey airport pavement rehabilitation and safety works
Authors: Green Jonathan
Published: April 2015

At first glance, one might be forgiven for considering an airport pavement rehabilitation project, at what might be viewed a second-tier facility, to be somewhat uninspiring. However, as Senior Director for RPS with over 30 years of experience in the aviation sector, this is considered to be without doubt the most challenging project ever undertaken by the author. All three project manager roles on the scheme were equally challenging and it is only through the three parties working in such a close collaborative manner that the project can be held up as the success that it has proven to be. The challenges have been varied, with the earliest and perhaps most fundamental being that of funding. This was followed by balancing the funding with the environmental impact and social requirements of the island. There has also been no shortage of technical challenges, not least due to the very wide-ranging project scope.
The Attitudes of Prospective Teachers towards Homosexuality: A Case Study in Konya
Authors: CIRCIR Osman , SARGIN Nurten
Published: April 2015

Sexuality has played a natural and significant role in human life throughout history and the interpretations of the values related with sexuality have varied in time and place (Pınar ve diğ., 2009). Homosexuality is also interpreted in various ways. In the modern Turkey, homosexuals are among the discriminated and marginalised groups (Gelbal ve Duyan, 2006; Oksal, 2008).

This study tried to determine the attitudes of prospective teachers towards homosexuality. The aim of the study is to investigate whether the attitudes of the participants vary according to gender, age and domains. Regarding this aim, the following research questions were put forward:

Do the attitudes of the participants vary according to gender?

Do the attitudes of the participants vary according to age?

Do the attitudes of the participants vary according to domains?

The study group was comprised of 488 students who were studying at Ahmet Kelesoglu Education Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, in Konya, Turkey in the academic year 2011-2012. The number of female participants was 319 and the number of males was 169. The age of participants was between 19 and 22. The Attitudes towards Lesbians and Gay Men Scale (ATLG) and Personal Information Form were used as data gathering instruments.

As regards the studies into gender variable, males have been found to have more negative attitudes than females.

As for the findings related with age variable, 21-22 year old participants were found to have more positive attitude towards homosexuals than other age groups.

The findings about the domain of the participants showed that the students with equal-weighted had more positive results towards homosexuality.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DO ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS NA PERCEPÇÃO DE ALUNOS DE ESCOLAS DA REDE PÚBLICA MUNICIPAL DE CRICIÚMA – SC
Authors: Santos Aline Coêlho dos , Feltrin Canever Cristini , Gonçalves Giassi Maristela , De Oliveira Frota Paulo Rômulo
Published: April 2015

O ensino de Ciências nas escolas brasileiras, de modo geral, ainda acontece de forma tradicional e as pesquisas nessa área, costumeiramente, têm como foco o professor. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar a percepção dos alunos sobre a importância do ensino de ciências em suas vidas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa descritiva, com 216 alunos, do 6ª ao 9º ano, distribuídos em 7 escolas da rede pública municipal de Criciúmas/SC. Os resultados mostram que os alunos gostam de ciências e acham importante para sua vida, mas deixam claro que faltam aulas mais dinâmicas, interativas e práticas.
ESTUDO COMPARATIVO ENTRE EXERCICIOS REALIZADOS NO SOLO E NA ÁGUA AQUECIDA DURANTE A FASE GESTACIONAL: ESTUDO DE CASO
Authors: Souza Djenifer Queiroz , Mendes Izabela Santos , Marson Karina da Silva , Borges Ana Carolina Lacerda , Reis Mariana César Ribeiro , Machado Susane Moreira , Lucareli Paulo Roberto Garcia , Lima Mario Oliveira , Lima Fernanda Pupio Silva
Published: April 2015

O período gestacional é marcado por alterações musculoesqueléticas que podem resultar em dor e limitações funcionais. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos terapêuticos de exercícios realizados sob imersão em água aquecida e no solo sobre o sistema musculoesquelético de uma gestante. Foi avaliada uma voluntária grávida de feto único, nulípara, com idade gestacional média de 32 semanas. A gestante foi submetida à avaliação do quadro álgico por meio da escala visual analógica, análise eletromiográfica da musculatura paravertebral e, à perimetria dos membros inferiores para quantificar o edema, antes e após aplicação do tratamento. Foram realizadas duas sessões de 50 minutos, sendo uma no solo e outra em piscina aquecida, com conduta composta de caminhada, alongamentos e relaxamento. Os resultados demonstraram que, após a realização do tratamento houve atenuação dos parâmetros avaliados, todavia, sendo mais satisfatório ao fim do protocolo hidroterapêutico. Concluiu-se que o programa de exercícios na piscina terapêutica proporcionou melhores resultados em relação ao solo no alívio da sintomatologia dolorosa e dos desconfortos da voluntária em questão.
Integral projection models show exotic thistle is more limited than native thistle by ambient competition and herbivory
Authors: Tenhumberg Brigitte , Suwa Tomomi , Tyre Andrew J. , Russell F. Leland , Louda Svata M.
Published: April 2015

Both competitors and natural enemies can limit plant population growth. However, demographic comparisons of the effects of these interactions on introduced versus co‐occurring, related native species are uncommon. We asked: (1) does plant competition, insect herbivory, or their combination reduce population growth rate, log λ, of the Eurasian thistleCirsium vulgaresufficiently to explain its limited invasiveness in western tallgrass prairie; and (2) how do the effects of these interactions compare to those forC. altissimum, its co‐occurring, synchronously‐flowering native congener? We developed integral projection models (IPMs) to estimate log λ for both species, using parameter estimates from field experiments. Our models predicted that the growth potential (growth rate at minimal competition and herbivory) for the introduced thistle (log λ = 3.5 (2.5, 4.6)) was twice as large as for the native thistle (log λ = 1.6 (0.4, 3.1)); however, a high level of competition and ambient insect herbivory together reduced log λ to similar values for both thistle species (C. vulgare: log λ = −1.3 (−2.4, −0.3) vsC. altissimum: log λ = −0.9 (−1.4, −0.3)). This suggests that the introduced thistle was more affected by competition and insect herbivory. For the introduced thistle, neither competition nor insect herbivory alone led to negative log λ. In contrast, for the native thistle, high competition alone also led to negative population growth (log λ = −0.8, percentile limits do not overlap with zero). Ambient herbivory alone prevented the spread for both thistle species (percentile limits include zero). Overall, the results show that interspecific competition followed by ambient levels of insect herbivory strongly constrained log λ for both thistles, limitingC. vulgareinvasiveness andC. altissimumabundance. The outcome highlights the importance of synergy between the two biological interactions in limiting plant population growth. Improved understanding of mechanisms limiting log λ for weedy plants enhances our ability to predict when biotic resistance will contribute to invasive plant species management.