bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Violence, homicide and suicide: Strong correlation and wide variation across districts
Authors: Kennedy H. G. , Iveson R. C. Y. , Hill O.
Published: October 2008

Background

The clinical assessment and management of the risk of violence and suicide by people with mental illness may have to focus on environmental as well as individual factors.

Aims

To investigate possible associations between violence, homicide and suicide rates, population density and indices of deprivation, with particular reference to inner-city boroughs.

Method

Coroners' statistics in London for homicide and suicide were obtained, with police-reported homicide and violence rates as a validity check. Correlations were made between these data and population density, the Jarman under-privileged areas score, and the Mental Illness Needs Index for each of the 32 London boroughs.

Results

Homicide rates had a 14.3-fold range, suicide a 4.4-fold range and interpersonal violence a 6.6-fold range. The variables under study were strongly correlated with each other. Rates were highest in boroughs with high population density and deprivation scores. The associations persisted when covarying for deprivation, age structure or population density.

Conclusions

Because violence, homicide and suicide are so closely correlated, they are likely to be valid indices of the differences between adjacent boroughs; this has implications for the delivery of preventive and mental health services and for clinical management of risk.
‘Obsessions' in children with autism or Asperger syndrome
Authors: Baron-Cohen Simon , Wheelwright Sally
Published: October 2008

Background

We report a survey of the content of obsessions in children with autism spectrum conditions. We use the term obsessions' narrowly, to indicate strong, repetitive interests. We predicted that obsessions would not cluster randomly, but rather would occur significantly more often in the domain of ‘folk physics' (an interest in how things work), and significantly less often in the domain of ‘folk psychology’ (an interest in how people work). These predictions were tested relative to a control group of 33 children with Tourette syndrome.

Aims

To examine the content of autistic obsessions, and to test the theory that these reflect an evolved cognitive style of good folk physics alongside impaired folk psychology.

Method

Ninety-two parents returned a questionnaire designed to determine the subject of their child's obsessional interests. The results were analysed in terms of core domains of cognition.

Results

Both predictions were confirmed.

Conclusions

These results suggest that impaired folk psychology and superior folk physics are part of the cognitive phenotype of autism. A content-free theory of obsessions is inadequate.
Randomized Phase II Trial Comparing Amrubicin With Topotecan in Patients With Previously Treated Small-Cell Lung Cancer: North Japan Lung Cancer Study Group Trial 0402
Authors: Inoue Akira , Sugawara Shunichi , Yamazaki Koichi , Maemondo Makoto , Suzuki Toshiro , Gomi Kazunori , Takanashi Shingo , Inoue Chieko , Inage Minoru , Yokouchi Hiroshi , Watanabe Hiroshi , Tsukamoto Toumei , Saijo Yasuo , Ishimoto Osamu , Hommura Fumihiro , Nukiwa Toshihiro
Published: October 2008

Purpose

Amrubicin, a new anthracycline agent, and topotecan are both active for previously treated small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). No comparative study of these agents has been reported. This randomized phase II study was conducted to select amrubicin or topotecan for future evaluation.

Patients and Methods

Patients with SCLC previously treated with platinum-containing chemotherapy were randomly assigned to receive amrubicin (40 mg/m2 on days 1 through 3) or topotecan (1.0 mg/m2 on days 1 through 5). Patients were stratified by Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (0, 1, or 2) and type of relapse (chemotherapy sensitive or refractory). The primary end point was overall response rate (ORR), and secondary end points were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival, and toxicity profile.

Results

From February 2004 to July 2007, 60 patients were enrolled, and 59 patients (36 patients with sensitive and 23 patients with refractory relapse) were assessable for efficacy and safety evaluation. Neutropenia was severe, and one treatment-related death owing to infection was observed in the amrubicin arm. ORRs were 38% (95% CI, 20% to 56%) for the amrubicin arm and 13% (95% CI, 1% to 25%) for the topotecan arm. In sensitive relapse, ORRs were 53% for the amrubicin arm and 21% for the topotecan arm. In refractory relapse, ORRs were 17% for the amrubicin arm and 0% for the topotecan arm. Median PFS was 3.5 months for patients in the amrubicin arm and 2.2 months for patients in the topotecan arm. Multivariate analysis revealed that amrubicin has more influence than topotecan on overall survival.

Conclusion

Amrubicin may be superior to topotecan with acceptable toxicity for previously treated patients with SCLC. Further evaluation of amrubicin for relapsed SCLC is warranted.
Getting adequate information across to colorectal cancer screening subjects can be difficult
Authors: van Rijn A F , van Rossum L G M , Deutekom M , Laheij R J F , Bossuyt P M M , Fockens P , Dekker E , Jansen J B M J
Published: October 2008

Objectives

Participation in screening should be the outcome of an informed decision. We evaluated whether invitees in the first Dutch colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programme were adequately informed after having received a detailed information leaflet.

Methods

A total of 20,623 subjects aged 50–75 years were invited to the fecal occult blood test (FOBT) screening programme. All received a detailed information leaflet by mail between May 2006 and January 2007. After two weeks, a reminder letter was sent to all invitees, accompanied by a survey on CRC and screening.

Results

The survey was completed by 9594 invitees (47%). Almost all responders (99%) found the leaflet clear and readable. Almost all indicated that CRC can be treated better if found early (99%). Only 20% of the responders answered all knowledge-related answers correctly. Almost half of the responders (47%) believed that a negative FOBT excludes the presence of CRC. Older age and having a positive family member for CRC were correctly identified as risk factors by 80%.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that although an information leaflet was reported as being clear and readable, the information provided in it was not always understood well. This suggests that other educational options should be investigated in order to improve general knowledge of CRC in screening invitees.
Is there utility in the transtheoretical model?
Authors: Armitage Christopher J.
Published: October 2008

Objectives The transtheoretical model is arguably the dominant model of health behaviour change, having received unprecedented research attention, yet it has simultaneously attracted exceptional criticism. However, the criticisms have been directed almost exclusively at the stages of change, just one of fourteen components of the transtheoretical model, which may have diverted attention away from more fruitful avenues of research based on the model.

Design and methods Narrative review.

Results The evidence would suggest some flaws in the concept of stages of change as currently articulated in the transtheoretical model. On a conceptual level, even studies incorporating the five stages of change point to a model that better fits Gollwitzer (1993) and Heckhausen's (1991) idea of a motivational phase followed by a volitional phase. Potentially the processes of change components of the transtheoretical model may actually prove the most useful, yet have been under‐researched, at least experimentally. Three studies that successfully utilise the processes of change to reduce alcohol consumption, encourage smoking cessation and increase physical activity are described.

Conclusions Elements of the transtheoretical model offer promise in developing effective health behaviour change interventions, but the question arises as to whether extracting these elements undermines completely the idea of a transtheoretical model.
Fujita's conjecture and Frobenius amplitude
Authors: Keeler Dennis S.
Published: October 2008

We prove a version of Fujita's Conjecture in arbitrary characteristic,
generalizing results of K.E. Smith. Our methods use the Frobenius
morphism, but avoid tight closure theory. We also obtain
versions of Fujita's Conjecture for coherent sheaves with
certain ampleness properties.
Knot Floer homology detects genus-one fibred knots
Authors: Ghiggini Paolo
Published: October 2008

Ozsv\'ath and Szab\'o conjectured that knot Floer homology
detects fibred knots. We propose a strategy to approach this
conjecture based on contact topology and Gabai's theory of sutured
manifold decomposition. We implement this
strategy for genus-one knots, obtaining as a corollary
that if rational surgery on a knot $K$ gives the Poincar\'e homology
sphere $\Sigma(2,3,5)$, then $K$ is the left-handed trefoil knot.
Gromov-Witten theory of Deligne-Mumford stacks
Authors: Abramovich Dan , Graber Tom , Vistoli Angelo
Published: October 2008

Given a smooth complex Deligne-Mumford stack ${\cal X}$ with a projective coarse moduli space, we introduce Gromov-Witten
invariants of ${\cal X}$ and prove some of their basic properties, including the WDVV equation.
Permutation representations on Schubert varieties
Authors: Tymoczko Julianna S.
Published: October 2008

This paper defines and studies permutation
representations on the
equivariant cohomology of Schubert varieties, as representations both over
${\Bbb C}$ and over ${\Bbb C}[t_1, t_2,\ldots,t_n]$. We show these group actions are the same
as an action of simple transpositions studied geometrically by M. Brion, and give topological meaning to the divided difference operators of Berstein-Gelfand-Gelfand, Demazure,
Kostant-Kumar, and others. We analyze these representations using the
combinatorial approach to equivariant cohomology introduced by
Goresky-Kottwitz-MacPherson. We find that each permutation
representation on equivariant cohomology produces a representation
on ordinary cohomology that is trivial, though the equivariant representation
is not.
On special pieces, the Springer correspondence, and unipotent characters
Authors: Achar Pramod N. , Sage Daniel S.
Published: October 2008

Let $G$ be a connected reductive algebraic group over the algebraic
closure of a finite field ${\Bbb F}_q$ of good characteristic. In this
paper, we demonstrate a remarkable compatibility between the
Springer correspondence for $G$ and the parametrization of unipotent
characters of $G({\Bbb F}_q)$. In particular, we show that in a suitable
sense, ``large'' portions of these two assignments in fact coincide.
This extends earlier work of Lusztig on Springer representations
within special pieces of the unipotent variety.
Abelian varieties over cyclic fields
Authors: Im Bo-Hae , Larsen Michael
Published: October 2008

Let $K$ be a field of characteristic $\neq 2$ such that every finite separable
extension of $K$ is cyclic.
Let $A$ be an abelian variety over $K$. If $K$ is infinite, then $A(K)$ is Zariski-dense in $A$.
If $K$ is not locally finite, the rank of $A$ over $K$ is infinite.
A Reconstruction theorem for genus zero Gromov-Witten invariants of stacks
Authors: Rose Michael A.
Published: October 2008

We generalize the {\it First Reconstruction Theorem} of Kontsevich and Manin in two respects.
First, we allow the target space to be a Deligne-Mumford stack.
Second, under some convergence assumptions,
we show it suffices to check the hypothesis of $H^2$-generation not on the cohomology ring,
but on an any quantum ring in the family given by small quantum cohomology.
As an example the latter result is used to compute genus zero Gromov-Witten invariants of ${\Bbb
P}(1,b)$.
On the realization of maximal simple types and epsilon factors of pairs
Authors: Paskunas Vytautas , Stevens Shaun
Published: October 2008

Let $G$ be the group of rational points of a general linear group over
a non-archimedean local field $F$. We show that certain
representations of open, compact-mod-centre subgroups of $G$, (the maximal
simple types of Bushnell and Kutzko) can be realized
as concrete spaces. In the level zero case our result is essentially
due to Gel$'$fand. This allows us, for a supercuspidal
representation $\pi$ of $G$, to compute a distinguished
matrix coefficient of $\pi$. By integrating, we obtain an explicit
Whittaker function for $\pi$. We use this to compute
the $\varepsilon$-factor of pairs, for
supercuspidal representations $\pi_1$, $\pi_2$ of $G$, when $\pi_1$
and the contragredient of $\pi_2$ differ only at the ``tame level'' (more
precisely, $\pi_1$ and $\check{\pi}_2$ contain the same simple character).
We do this by
computing both sides of the functional equation defining the epsilon
factor, using the definition of Jacquet, Piatetskii-Shapiro, Shalika. We
also investigate the behavior of the $\varepsilon$-factor under twisting
of $\pi_1$ by tamely ramified quasi-characters. Our
results generalize the special case $\pi_1=\check{\pi}_2$
totally wildly ramified, due to Bushnell and Henniart.
Potential density of rational points for K3 surfaces over function fields
Authors: Hassett Brendan , Tschinkel Yuri
Published: October 2008

We give examples of non-isotrivial
K3 surfaces over complex function fields with Zariski-dense rational
points and N\'eron-Severi rank one.
Sharp null form estimates for the wave equation
Authors: Lee Sanghyuk , Vargas Ana
Published: October 2008

Null form estimates (from
$\dot{H}^{\alpha_1}\times\dot{H}^{\alpha_2}$ to $L^q_t(L^r_x)$)
for the wave equation in ${\Bbb R}^{n+1}$ are studied. For
$n\ge4,$ we obtain the sharp null form estimates except for the
endpoints. For $n=2,\,3$ we obtain the estimates under the
additional assumption $4/n<q$ when $2< r$.
"The New-Invented Patent-Lamp of Etymology": Hazlitt, Horne Tooke, and the Philosophy of Language
Authors: Tomalin Marcus
Published: October 2008

This article considers the way in which particular trends in eighteenth-century philology and philosophy were reassessed and re-evaluated in the early nineteenth century, and the main focus falls upon William Hazlitt's various responses to the linguistic theorizing of well-known political radical John Horne Tooke. The primary intention is to elucidate the manner in which some of Hazlitt's linguistic and philosophical preoccupations developed in direct response to particular dominant trends in late eighteenth-century philological thought, and it will be argued that, although he sometimes appears to express contradictory views concerning the work of Horne Tooke, a careful assessment of his writings suggests that he consistently responded to the latter's etymological speculations in a coherent, if complex, manner.
Germans as Noble Savages and Castaways: Alter Egos and Alterity in German Collective Consciousness During the Long Eighteenth Century
Authors: Reusch Johann J. K.
Published: October 2008

Emphasizing the continuity of ideas throughout the long eighteenth century, the essay traces a German obsession with the figure of the noble savage to an emerging middle class longing for a national and cultural identity that was impeded by social, political, and economic conditions. Increasingly educated and well read, this group imagined a mutating and polymorph cultural identity that was inspired by images of the "masculine" noble native, drawing from poetic figures such as the ancient Germanic tribesman, the South Pacific islander, German "naturalized" castaways, and the conflated North-American Indian/frontiersman.
Rousseau's Readers Revisited: The Aesthetics of La Nouvelle Héloïse
Authors: Paige Nicholas
Published: October 2008

The reading "revolution" wrought by Rousseau's Julie has been characterized, by Robert Darnton and others, as the triumph of a nearly quixotic investment in fiction: sentimental readers, it would seem, believed in the reality of the characters they read about. Yet the archive of letters to Rousseau reveals readers quite attuned to the novel's exploration of different types, good and bad, of emotional involvement. Julie and the enthusiasm it provoked must be understood as rejecting previously dominant aesthetic theories predicating audience emotion on mimetic fusion between reader and text, in favor of emotions proper to distanced, even unbelieving, spectators.
Gifts and Wages: The Structures of Exchange in Eighteenth-Century Fiction and Drama
Authors: Hinnant Charles H.
Published: October 2008

This essay argues that during the eighteenth century the structures of exchange were defined not in terms of an opposition between gifts and commodities but between gifts and wages. This core opposition took two antithetical forms. On the one hand, it valorized liberality, love, gratitude, etc. over purely mercenary considerations. The ethos of the pure gift, far from being the product of a modern market economy, as is commonly supposed, was probably generated within the framework of this aristocratic ideology. On the other hand, a reaction against this ideology took the form of a polarity in which honest industry is privileged over clientage, servility, and idleness. Ironically, alms mistakenly given to the undeserving poor now came to be implicated in the same system of gift-exchange that bestowed honors and places by favors rather than by merit.
The Impartial Spectator of Sati, 1757–84
Authors: Schürer Norbert
Published: October 2008

Though never a significant practice in statistical terms, sati (widow burning) played a pivotal
role in British representations of India. While the East India Company negotiated its new role
in India (1757–84), some writers and artists who had extensive personal experience in India
(like John Zephaniah Holwell and Eyles Irwin) experimented with a non-judgmental stance.
They tried to suspend their European beliefs and become disinterested observers of the sati
ceremony, echoing the sentimental stance of the impartial spectator postulated in the moral
philosophy of Adam Smith. However, this impartial stance never gained wide acceptance,
and after the 1780s the British strongly objected to the custom on partial grounds.
Reconciling Two Careers: The Jesuit Memoir of Giuseppe Castiglione Lay Brother and Qing Imperial Painter
Authors: Musillo Marco
Published: October 2008

This essay explores the dual nature of Giuseppe Castiglione's career. As a professional trained artist and Lay Brother, from 1715 to 1766 Castiglione was deployed through the Jesuit Order in the Qing workshops. My analysis of Castiglione's unique career is based predominantly on an unpublished manuscript source, the Jesuit posthumous memoir of the artist, today in the main archive of the Order in Rome. The memoir describes Castiglione's professional engagement between his European and Chinese patrons who supported and supervised his work: the Jesuit Order, and the mid-Qing Emperors. Far from being just the description of an individual career, the memoir sheds light on important aspects of the early modern cultural interchange between Europe and China, as well as on the eighteenth-century European missionary strategy in Asia.
Producing the Folk at the New Orleans Jazz and Heritage Festival
Authors: Regis Helen A. , Walton Shana
Published: October 2008

In this paper, we consider how the folk are produced and consumed at the New Orleans Jazz and Heritage Festival (Jazz Fest). Founded in the aftermath of the civil rights movement as a cosmopolitan gathering of music, food, and art lovers, Jazz Fest has become one of the world's largest music festivals. The staging of the festival in the wake of Hurricane Katrina was seen as a symbol of the reviving spirit of New Orleans and showcased the festival as an icon of the city. Blackness and other forms of otherness are central to producing a concentrated experience of cosmopolitanism there and to constructing a "hip" identity. Festgoers and producers are "in the know" about the folk, even as they are separated from them by race, class, and/or education. Those who produce the folk participate in an imaginary leveling of difference, while festival visitors experience the spine-tingling transcendence of musical communion. At the same time, folk artists, demonstrators, vendors, and performers are tightly disciplined by the structures that specify precise limits on what they can and cannot do. A close examination of the production of culture at the New Orleans Jazz and Heritage Festival reveals a reproduction of a racialized social structure in which people of color (mostly African Americans) and other "folks" are sidelined while owner-connoisseurs are able to control presentation and production.
Running Again, Roasting Again, Touching Again: On Repetition, Heightened Affective Expressivity, and the Utility of the Notion of Linguaculture in Navajo and Beyond
Authors: Webster Anthony K.
Published: October 2008

This article analyzes a Coyote narrative told by John Watchman to Edward Sapir in Navajo. While it has been widely documented that Navajo curing ways are tightly orgasn far lesestigation of repetition in other genres of Navajo verbal art. This article shows that the use of pairing and the semeliterative aspect create a sense of completion in Watchman's narrative. It is argued that repetition may occur in a variety of Navajo genres of verbal art, but that it may serve differing rhetorical functions there. Ethnopoetic structuring is therefore an expression of linguaculture (the overlapping of language and culture). To return to these texts then allows one to place such narratives within the contexts of the linguaculture of which they are a part.
"A Famous and Most Miraculous Prophecy": An Annotated Translation of a Middle Dutch Trickster Poem
Authors: Jongenelen Bas , Parsons Ben
Published: October 2008

Een schoone ende wonderlijcke prognosticatie (1560) is one of many Dutch texts dealing with the trickster Till Eulenspiegel, known as "Tijl Uilenspiegel" in the Low Countries and "Owlglass" in England. The poem differs from most Eulenspiegel literature in two key respects. First, it treats the figure as a narrator rather than a character, and second, it seems designed for performance rather than simple recital. We offer here an English translation of this remarkable piece, lightly annotated throughout.
Hair: From the West to the Middle East through the Mediterranean (The 2007 AFS Mediterranean Studies Section Address)
Authors: Bromberger Christian
Published: October 2008

From shaving to curling, from the concealment of hair to its ostentatious display, hair lends itself to a wide assortment of arrangements. It is uniquely suited for expressing status difference, relations among kin, group membership, and both the submission to and refusal of predominant social, political, and religious norms. Its fashioning entails, among other things, a striking aesthetic affinity with gardening and home decoration. From the West to the Middle East through the Mediterranean, this article explores the symbolic significances that societies attribute to this hotly debated physical characteristic and, more broadly, the interplay between voluntary social practices and culturally imposed rules of conduct.
Feminine Modernity in Interwar Britain and North America: Corsets, Cars, and Cigarettes
Authors: Tinkler Penny , Warsh Cheryl Krasnick
Published: October 2008

Cars, corsets, and cigarettes occupied a prominent place in British and U.S. editions of Vogue in the interwar years. All three products were presented as quintessentially modern and possessing the capacity to modernize the women who used them. This article addresses the relationship between consumption and feminine modernity, showing how affluent British and North American women were encouraged to remake themselves as modern feminine subjects through the purchase of cars, corsets, and cigarettes. By scrutinizing representations of women’s relationship to modern and modernizing goods, key constituents of interwar affluent feminine modernity are identified. While Britain, Canada, and the United States took distinctive routes through twentieth–century modernity, Vogue encouraged wealthy women to imagine and create forms of feminine modernity that transcended the specificities of place.
Nineteenth–Century Gymnastics for U.S. Women and Incorporations of Buoyancy: Contouring Femininity, Shaping Sex, and Regulating Middle–Class Consumption
Authors: Chisholm Ann
Published: October 2008

From 1830 to 1870, texts promoting gymnastics sought to prevent and cure gynecological and alimentary disorders among U.S. women by strengthening their abdominal muscles, fostering wide waists and convex abdomens, lifting and toning their (floating) uteri, raising their digestive organs, and purifying their blood. Gymnastics discourses thus encouraged participants to incorporate anatomical characteristics associated with the Venus de’ Medici and to become healthy, buoyant women who were robust, substantial, and relatively weightless. This article shows how those texts sought to reform corseted women by enabling them to materially (re)contour and (re)constitute themselves as social subjects—as healthy, true women who had retained important attributes of republican motherhood. Not only does this study identify the particular improved and fortified species of true womanhood that gymnastics endorsed, but it also reintroduces the materialization of (gendered and sexed) subjectivity into the history of sport.
Female Self–Making in Mid–Nineteenth–Century America
Authors: Hoffert Sylvia D.
Published: October 2008

This article describes the efforts of two respectable, young, Quaker women, Elizabeth McClintock and Anna Southwick, to seek their fortunes in the fabric import business in Philadelphia in 1849. It suggests that the power and fragility of gendered work conventions, middle–class anxieties about preserving gender distinctions, the allocation of gendered space, well–intentioned generational paternalism, and market conditions converged to problematize the process of self–making for women, and argues that the intersection of social practices and economic realities acted both to constrain and expand female attempts to intrude themselves into the male–dominated world of business. By exploring attempts to broaden the context for the exercise of female entrepreneurship in an age that idealized the “self–made man,” it expands our understanding of the various strategies that women quite self–consciously used to try to improve their position in American society.
“Independent Livings” or “No Bed Of Roses”?: How Race and Class Shaped Beauty Culture as an Occupation for African American Women from the 1920s to the 1960s
Authors: Walker Susannah
Published: October 2008

Because of race and gender discrimination that limited employment options in the middle decades of the twentieth century, beauty culture attracted African American women across class lines. Middle–class, salon–owning beauticians sought professional status for beauty culture, while working–class beauticians sought the economic security and occupational autonomy beauty culture seemed to offer compared with domestic service work. While middle– and working–class beauticians shared a desire for occupational independence and job satisfaction, significant class differences emerged among African American beauticians between the 1920s and the 1960s. These differences sprang from increasing class segmentation of African American beauty salons due to the Great Depression, New Deal legislation, state regulation, and the growth of upscale salons in big cities after World War II. Class differences emerged particularly around working conditions in salons and some beauticians’ choice to work from home or rent booths in salons, practices which middle–class salon owners disapproved of.
“The Beautifying Part of Physic”: Women’s Cosmetic Practices in Early Modern England
Authors: Snook Edith
Published: October 2008

Previous scholarship has approached women’s cosmetic practices through the lens provided by misogynist anti–painting satire, with a narrow focus on face painting. Beginning instead with the evidence of women’s manuscript recipe collections, this article argues that cosmetics were part of, and not only antagonistic to, early modern medicine. These manuscripts illustrate a category of knowledge called beautifying physic, evident too in men’s medical receipt collections and herbals. Even cosmetics containing mercury and lead—the ingredients scholars and polemicists alike highlighted as evidence of women’s repudiation of their own health—could be aligned with physic and natural philosophy. Although cosmetics are not without their political vexations, when medicine was a part of women’s household activities, as it was in early modern England, beautifying physic was a domain of knowledge in which women could exercise care for their health, reason in their experiments, and expertise in practices more typically reserved for men.
Measuring Library Space Use and Preferences: Charting a Path Toward Increased Engagement
Authors: Webb Kathleen M. , Schaller Molly A. , Hunley Sawyer A.
Published: October 2008

The University of Dayton (UD) used a multi-method research approach to evaluate current space use in the library. A general campus survey on study spaces, online library surveys, a week-long video study, and data from the National Survey of Student Engagement ( NSSE ) were examined to understand student choices in library usage. Results suggest that although UD students prefer to study at times alone and at times with or near others, students used the UD library primarily to study alone. We determined that the following characteristics are important in considering student selection of group study spaces: spaces that are comfortable, spaces that facilitate interpersonal communication, spaces that they can control, and areas that promote the integration of basic human needs and desires (such as eating, drinking, and enjoyment) with learning activities. Library spaces have been reconfigured and redesigned to increase student selection of the library for group study.
Using Content Analysis Software to Analyze Survey Comments
Authors: Dennis Bradford W. , Bower Tim
Published: October 2008

In order to get the most from LibQUAL+ ™ qualitative data, libraries must organize and classify the comments of their patrons. The challenge is to do this effectively and efficiently. This article illustrates how researchers at Western Michigan University Libraries utilized ATLAS.ti 5.0 to organize, classify, and consolidate the LibQUAL+ ™ comments.
Meeting Academic Needs for Information: A Customer Service Approach
Authors: Saunders E. Stewart
Published: October 2008

Should academic libraries seek to improve general satisfaction with their services, or are some services more important than others? This article asserts that faculty and students mainly want information resources. The research analyzes LibQUAL+ ™ data to determine which other library resources contribute to information satisfaction among users. The conclusion is that access mechanisms are very important predictors of information resource satisfaction, but library facilities and library staff are negligible predictors. This is true across different groups of users.
And Mentoring for All: The KU Libraries’ Experience
Authors: Ghouse Nikhat , Church-Duran Jennifer
Published: October 2008

This article discusses the evolutionary development of a mentoring program that began as a support for pre-tenure librarians and grew to encompass all staff at the University of Kansas Libraries (KU Libraries). Incorporated in this discussion are the trials and successes of a nascent program that has particular emphasis on creating a structure to foster an individualized mentoring plan, initiated by the mentee and tailored by personal goals and objectives. Included also are various definitions of the mentoring relationship, the essential functions and activities of the mentor role, and institutional considerations in program development and growth.
Information Use by PhD Students in Agriculture and Biology: A Dissertation Citation Analysis
Authors: Kuruppu Pali U. , Moore Debra C.
Published: October 2008

This article reports the findings of a study conducted to examine the types of information used by graduate students in the fields of biological and agricultural sciences at Iowa State University (ISU). The citations of doctoral dissertations submitted in nine agriculture and biological science subject fields (crop production and physiology; molecular, cellular, and developmental biology; entomology; genetics; microbiology; plant breeding; plant pathology; plant physiology; and soil science) at ISU from 1997–2006 were analyzed. The article discusses the types and ages of resources cited in the different subject fields studied. The most cited journals in each discipline were identified, and the journal title dispersion was examined.
A Fair Chance in the Race of Life: Thoughts on the 150th Anniversary of the Founding of the Columbia Institution
Authors: McPherson James M.
Published: October 2008

Developments in deaf education were influenced by broader social and cultural currents in American society. The United States has always been a pluralist nation, but the American majority has not always manifested a pluralist toleration for the integrity and value of minority cultures. There has always been a tension between the majority’s desire for the minorities’ assimilation to the mainstream culture and the resistance of various minorities to this pressure. At its best, this has been a creative tension in which each side has recognized and learned from the other. The history of deaf education has had its share of tensions and misunderstandings, but the creative tension between conformity and pluralism has helped to make the American deaf community the best educated in the world and to make Gallaudet University an institution without parallel.
A Lexical Comparison of Signs from Icelandic and Danish Sign Languages
Authors: Aldersson Russell R. , McEntee-Atalianis Lisa J.
Published: October 2008

This article reports on a comparison of lexical items in the vocabulary of Icelandic and Danish sign languages prompted by anecdotal reports of similarity and historical records detailing close contact between the two communities. Drawing on previous studies, including Bickford (2005), McKee and Kennedy (1998, 2000a, 2000b) and Parkhurst and Parkhurst (2001), the authors elicited signs via a word list adapted from Swadesh (1955) and modified by Woodward (1978, 1991) for the purpose of researching sign languages. The signs for 292 lexical items were analyzed by comparing the parameters of hand con-figuration (together with hand/palm orientation), location, and movement and classified as identical, similar, or different. The results reveal a high percentage of similarity. A much higher degree of lexical similarity appears in the realization of country names than in any other semantic category. The study contributes to work in the field of Nordic sign languages and has methodological implications for the study of sign language vocabulary internationally. Limitations of the study are noted.
A Guide to the Perplexed on the Specificity of Antibodies
Authors: Saper Clifford B.
Published: October 2008

Many investigators are unaware of the potential problems with specificity of antibodies and the need to document antibody characterization meticulously for each antibody that is used. In this review, I consider the principles of antibody action and how they define a set of rules for what information should be obtained by the investigator before using an antibody in a serious scientific investigation.
Brain and Eye Malformations Resembling Walker–Warburg Syndrome Are Recapitulated in Mice by Dystroglycan Deletion in the Epiblast
Authors: Satz Jakob S. , Barresi Rita , Durbeej Madeleine , Willer Tobias , Turner Amy , Moore Steven A. , Campbell Kevin P.
Published: October 2008

Walker–Warburg syndrome (WWS) is a severe congenital disease that is characterized by brain and eye malformations and lethality during the first year of life. Genetic mutations have been identified in a subset of WWS patients, but a majority of clinical cases have unknown etiologies.POMT1andPOMT2, two of the causative genes, form an active enzyme complex in the posttranslational biosynthetic pathway of dystroglycan. Deletion of eitherPomt1or the dystroglycan gene causes early embryonic lethality in mice. Here we report that mice with epiblast-specific loss of dystroglycan develop brain and eye defects that broadly resemble the clinical spectrum of the human disease, including aberrant neuron migration, hydrocephalus, and malformations of the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye. Breaches of basement membranes coincide with the pathology, revealing an important function for dystroglycan in the morphogenesis of the brain and eye. These findings demonstrate the central role of dystroglycan in WWS and suggest that novel defects in posttranslational processing or mutations of the dystroglycan gene itself may underlie cases in which no causative mutation has been found.
Formas e dessorção de cobre em solos cultivados com videira na Serra Gaúcha do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Casali Carlos Alberto , Moterle Diovane Freire , Rheinheimer Danilo dos Santos , Brunetto Gustavo , Corcini Adão Leonel Mello , Kaminski João , Melo George Wellington Bastos de
Published: October 2008

As aplicações sucessivas de fungicidas cúpricos em videiras podem aumentar o teor de cobre total do solo e modificar a sua distribuição e dessorção no perfil do solo. O trabalho objetivou determinar as formas de cobre e a sua dessorção em solos cultivados com videira e submetidos a sucessivas aplicações de fungicidas cúpricos. Amostras de um solo Neossolo Litólico e Cambissolo Húmico foram coletadas em 2006, nas camadas de 0-20 e 20-40 cm, em um vinhedo com 40 anos, em Bento Gonçalves (RS). Amostras de um solo Neossolo Litólico foram coletadas nas mesmas profundidades, em área de mata natural próxima do vinhedo, e os resultados de análise foram usados como referência. Os solos coletados foram conduzidos ao Laboratório de Química e Fertilidade de Solo da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, onde foram secos, moídos, passados em peneira de malha de 2 mm, e submetidos ao fracionamento químico do cobre pela metodologia de Tessier et al. (1979) e à cinética de dessorção de cobre com EDTA 0,05 mol L-1, em pH 6,0, conforme proposto por Fangueiro et al. (2005). Os resultados mostram que a aplicação de fungicidas cúpricos em videiras aumenta o teor total e das frações biodisponíveis de cobre do solo, inclusive na camada de 20-40 cm. A maior parte do cobre dos solos cultivados com a videira encontra-se retido na fração mineral, e do solo sob mata natural, na matéria orgânica principalmente. A maior quantidade do Cu, independentemente dos materiais adsorventes nos solos cultivados com videira, é facilmente dessorvível e pode ser considerada em equilíbrio rápido com o cobre da solução.
Crescimento e acumulação de nitrogênio de plantas de feijoeiro originadas de sementes com alto teor de molibdênio
Authors: Kubota Flavio Yuudi , Andrade Neto Antonio Custódio de , Araújo Adelson Paulo , Teixeira Marcelo Grandi
Published: October 2008

Sementes de feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris) com alto teor de molibdênio podem garantir o suprimento adequado desse nutriente para a cultura. Foram realizados dois experimentos em casa de vegetação, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de sementes enriquecidas com Mo, obtidas em plantas que receberam adubação foliar, no crescimento e acumulação de N do feijoeiro. O substrato foi horizonte A de Argissolo em vasos de 3,5 kg, que receberam calagem e nutrientes, exceto Mo. O primeiro experimento teve arranjo fatorial 3 x 2 x 2 com cinco repetições: três cultivares de feijoeiro, duas concentrações de Mo na semente e duas épocas de coleta. Plantas originadas de sementes com alto teor de Mo, dos três cultivares, apresentaram maior acumulação de biomassa e N na parte aérea, nas duas épocas de coleta. Sementes com alto teor de Mo aumentaram a massa de nódulos dos cultivares Manteigão e Rio Tibagi aos 30 dias pós-emergência (DAE), mas reduziram a massa e o número de nódulos dos cultivares Carioca e Manteigão aos 45 DAE. O maior teor de Mo nas sementes aumentou a atividade da nitrogenase aos 30 DAE e a atividade específica da nitrogenase aos 45 DAE. O segundo experimento teve arranjo fatorial 2 x 2 x 4 com cinco repetições: dois cultivares, dois níveis de Mo na semente e quatro épocas de coleta. Plantas oriundas de sementes com alto teor de Mo apresentaram maior massa de parte aérea aos 47 e 59 DAE, e maior acumulação de N na parte aérea aos 59 DAE. O maior teor de Mo nas sementes não afetou a nodulação até os 45 DAE, mas reduziu o número de nódulos aos 59 DAE. A redução na nodulação no estádio de enchimento de vagens observada nos dois experimentos, nas plantas oriundas de sementes com alto teor de Mo, pode ser atribuída ao maior crescimento dessas plantas, que teria antecipado a translocação de assimilados para as vagens. Pode-se concluir que sementes enriquecidas com Mo, colhidas em plantas que receberam adubação foliar, podem estimular a atividade da nitrogenase e aumentar a acumulação de biomassa e N do feijoeiro.
Evolução e gênese de um Plintossolo Pétrico concrecionário êutrico argissólico no município de Ouro Verde de Goiás
Authors: Moreira Hilton Lenzi , Oliveira Virlei Álvaro de
Published: October 2008

Solos concrecionários (Plintossolo Pétrico concrecionário) nas Regiões Central e Norte do Brasil são muito comuns, ocorrendo em áreas baixas e nas bordas das chapadas, constituindo geralmente solos distróficos,pobres em nutrientes. A ocorrência de solo concrecionário eutrófico no município de Ouro Verde de Goiás, em área de borda de chapada motivou esta pesquisa, desenvolvida com a finalidade de verificar a relação eutrofia/solo/material litológico subjacente, provável fonte das bases trocáveis. As relações pedológicas e geoquímicas do solo com as concreções e a rocha de origem foram pesquisadas por meio de determinações da constituição química total dos elementos maiores, utilizando ICP-AES (espectrometria de emissão atômica por plasma acoplado indutivamente), análise mineralógica da fração argila por DRX, análise mineralógica da fração areia, além da caracterização analítica de rotina em pedologia. Os resultados analíticos de amostras de rocha, concreções ferruginosas e TFSA, as relações moleculares Ki e Kr e bases/R2O3 e a relação Zr/Ti são abordados e discutidos. Ocorrências mais significativas quanto a alguns elementos móveis são creditadas ao conteúdo elevado de matéria orgânica no horizonte superficial do solo, ao acúmulo residual de quartzo e à contribuição de material externo nos horizontes superiores . A relação solo/material litológico subjacente indica para o perfil de origem a partir de um metatonalito, atribuindo-se ao material petroplíntico presente na porção superior do solo, origem relacionada à desagregação e arraste de materiais relacionados à Superfície de Aplanamento Sul-Americana.
Formas de fósforo no solo após sucessivas adições de dejeto líquido de suínos em pastagem natural
Authors: Gatiboni Luciano Colpo , Brunetto Gustavo , Kaminski João , Rheinheimer Danilo dos Santos , Ceretta Carlos Alberto , Basso Claudir José
Published: October 2008

A suinocultura tem como inconveniente a grande produção de dejetos, os quais são reutilizados como fertilizantes agrícolas, porém, se utilizados em doses excessivas, tornam-se severos poluentes ambientais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as formas de acumulação de P em um solo submetido a sucessivas aplicações de doses de dejeto líquido de suínos. O experimento foi instalado em 1995, em uma área cultivada com pastagem natural, que recebeu doses de 0, 20 e 40 m³ ha-1 de dejeto líquido de suínos (DLS), aplicadas em intervalos de 45 a 60 dias durante cinco anos. Em 1999, após 28 aplicações de DLS, que totalizaram 0, 560 e 1.120 m³ ha-1, foram coletadas amostras de solo nas profundidades de 0-2,5, 2,5-5, 5-10, 10-15 e 15-20 cm. A amostra foi seca, moída, passada em peneira de malha de 2 mm e submetida ao fracionamento químico do P pelo método de Hedley. No tratamento testemunha, foi determinada a capacidade máxima de adsorção de fósforo (CMAP), utilizando-se isotermas de adsorção e ajuste matemático pela equação de Langmuir. Os resultados mostraram que o P adicionado ao solo via DLS é acumulado essencialmente em formas inorgânicas, sendo as principais as extraídas por resina trocadora de ânions, NaHCO3 0,5 mol L-1, NaOH 0,1 mol L-1 e HCl 1,0 mol L-1.
Influência da adição de um resíduo alcalino da indústria de papel e celulose na lixiviação de cátions em um solo ácido
Authors: Almeida Henrique Cesar , Ernani Paulo Roberto , Albuquerque Jackson Adriano , Mecabô Junior José , Almeida Denice
Published: October 2008

Os subprodutos alcalinos gerados nas indústrias de papel e celulose podem ser utilizados como corretivos da acidez do solo. Entretanto, eles possuem pouco Mg e médio teor de Na e, por isso, podem afetar negativamente a biodisponibilidade de alguns nutrientes, assim como alguns atributos do solo. Antes de recomendá-los, portanto, é importante avaliar seus efeitos. Este trabalho teve por objetivo quantificar a composição química do solo e a mobilidade vertical de cátions decorrente de formas de aplicação de um desses resíduos em relação ao calcário dolomítico. O experimento foi realizado em laboratório, sobre um Cambissolo Húmico, entre 2005 e 2006, utilizando-se colunas de lixiviação (30 x 10 cm de diâmetro). Os tratamentos consistiram de um fatorial 4 x 2 x 2, incluindo dois valores prévios de pH do solo com uma testemunha cada, dois corretivos de acidez (subproduto industrial ou calcário dolomítico) e dois métodos de aplicação (superficial ou incorporado). Foram realizadas 10 percolações, espaçadas em intervalos de sete dias, num volume de 300 mL de água destilada por semana, totalizando o equivalente a 380 mm de chuva. A incorporação do resíduo industrial ao solo causou a lixiviação de 60 % do Na adicionado, porém essa perda diminuiu para 12 % quando o corretivo foi aplicado sobre a superfície. O resíduo alcalino não ocasionou lixiviação de Ca, Mg ou K, e o calcário dolomítico lixiviou apenas 2,4 % do Ca e 7,2 % do Mg adicionados, comprovando a baixa mobilidade vertical desses cátions quando aplicados por meio de produtos alcalinos a solos com carga variável. A elevação prévia do pH diminuiu substancialmente a lixiviação dos cátions em decorrência do aumento das cargas elétricas negativas no solo. Nas condições pluviométricas da região Sul do Brasil, o Na adicionado pelo resíduo industrial lixiviará da camada arável em menos de um ano após sua aplicação e, portanto, não deverá prejudicar os atributos químicos e físicos do solo.
Relações entre esferas governamentais na educação e PDE: o que muda?
Authors: Weber Silke
Published: October 2008

O texto focaliza a proposta de relacionamento entre as três esferas de poder - União, estados e municípios - no provimento da qualidade da educação básica, que consta do Plano de Desenvolvimento da Educação, lançado pelo Ministério da Educação em 2007. Entre as esferas governamentais, ao longo das últimas décadas, são assinalados alguns avanços e desdobramentos nas relações, que devem culminar na construção do Sistema Nacional de Educação. Destaque é dado a alguns dos desafios decorrentes do compartilhamento da União nos acertos locais de elevação dos padrões de qualidade, sendo anotadas possíveis formas de regulação que a eles serão associadas. A definição de parâmetros para institucionalizar, em todo o país, o regime de colaboração e controle social da educação, é percebida como passível de transformar a educação escolar em eixo central de um projeto de Nação.