bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deciphering changes in the incidence of hemorrhagic stroke and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: A nationwide time-series correlation study
Authors: Hyeon Cho Soo , Kim Dong Kyu , Song Min Cheol , Lee Euiho , Park Seoncheol , Chung Darda , Ha Jongmok
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Hemorrhagic stroke and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) are associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and vaccination. We aimed to investigate changes in the incidence of hemorrhagic stroke and CVST in South Korea before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and the factors associated with these changes.

Materials and methods

We conducted a nationwide time-series study using population-based databases between 2007 and 2022. The real-world and forecasted incidences of acute non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and CVST during the pandemic period (2020–2022) were estimated and compared with the pre-pandemic period (2007–2019). The prevalence of conventional risk factors was measured using time-series data. Finally, a time-series correlation analysis was performed to examine the temporal association between conventional risk factors, SARS-CoV-2 infection, and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

Results

The incidence of hemorrhagic stroke (SAH and ICH) was lower during the pandemic than during the pre-pandemic period. This observed decrease was associated with a reduction in the prevalence of conventional risk factors but not with SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination. The incidence of CVST was higher during the pandemic than during the pre-pandemic period, which may be temporally related to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination (Pearson correlation coefficient [r] = 0.349, P = 0.031).

Conclusion

We report reassuring evidence of hemorrhagic stroke associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. However, awareness of CVST may be required for future vaccine rollouts and SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks.
Machine learning and deep learning-based approach to categorize Bengali comments on social networks using fused dataset
Authors: Mohi Uddin Khandaker Mohammad , Hamim Hasibul , Mim Mst. Nishat Tasnim , Akhter Arnisha , Uddin Md Ashraf
Published: October 2024

Through the advancement of the contemporary web and the rapid adoption of social media platforms such as YouTube, Twitter, and Facebook, for example, life has become much easier when dealing with certain highly personal problems. The far-reaching consequences of online harassment require immediate preventative steps to safeguard psychological wellness and scholarly achievement via detection at an earlier stage. This piece of writing aims to eliminate online harassment and create a criticism-free online environment. In the paper, we have used a variety of attributes to evaluate a large number of Bengali comments. We communicate cleansed data utilizing machine learning (ML) methods and natural language processing techniques, which must be followed using term frequency and reverse document frequency (TF-IDF) with a count vectorizer. In addition, we used tokenization with padding to feed our deep learning (DL) models. Using mathematical visualization and natural language processing, online bullying could be detected quickly. Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP), K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Adaptive Boosting Classifier (AdaBoost), Logistic Regression Classifier (LR), Random Forest Classifier (RF), Bagging Classifier, Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD), Voting Classifier, and Stacking are employed in the research we conducted. We expanded our investigation to include different DL frameworks. Deep Neural Networks (DNN), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Convolutional-Long Short-Term Memory (C-LSTM), and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) are all implemented. A large amount of data is required to precisely recognize harassing behavior. To rapidly recognize internet harassment written material, we combined two sets of data, producing 94,000 Bengali comments from different points of view. After understanding the ML and DL models, we can see that a hybrid model (MLP+SGD+LR) performed more effectively when compared to other models, its evaluation accuracy is 99.34%, precision is 99.34%, recall rate is 99.33%, and F1 score is 99.34% on multi-label class. For the binary classification model, we got 99.41% of accuracy.
Determinants of minimum dietary diversity for lactating and pregnant women
Authors: Hossain Md. Zakir , Uddin Md Jamal , Rahman Md Mizanur , Uddin Md Shahab , Ahmed Toufique
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Maternal and child health, which is integral to public health, depends on maintaining a healthy diet during pregnancy and lactation to achieve optimal outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and determinants of minimum dietary diversity (MDD) among pregnant and lactating women (PLW) in this particular context.

Methods

A stratified cluster sampling approach was employed, encompassing intervention areas (Rangpur and Nilphamari in Bangladesh) as strata, with 30 clusters. The study included 631 pregnant and lactating women (PLW) aged 15 to 49 years, focusing on their consumption of a minimally diverse diet. The outcome variable was binary: MDD (1 = if they consumed ≥ 5 food items from a basket of 10 food groups, indicating they met the MDD; 0 = if they consumed < 5 items, indicating they did not meet the MDD), assessed based on ten food groups over a 24-hour period. The data were analyzed using a binary logistic regression model.

Results

The study found that 51.19% of PLW met MDD criteria, indicating positive dietary practices. Those aged 21–49 years had significantly lower odds of meeting MDD than those aged 15–20 years. Education played a key role, with completion of primary (p = 0.029) and secondary incomplete education (p = 0.055) associated with higher odds of meeting MDD. Other identified predictors included climate-smart techniques for agriculture, women’s empowerment, food security, producing legume, nut and seeds and negative impact on family expenditure due to increase in commodity prices, especially food prices. Employing climate-smart agriculture increased odds by 1.58 times (p = 0.028), empowered women had 2.31 times higher odds (p < 0.001), and food security played a crucial role (p = 0.006). Moreover, producing legumes, nuts, or seeds was significantly associated with higher odds of meeting MDD (OR = 1.55, p = 0.039), while experiencing negative economic impacts lowered the odds (OR = 0.63, p = 0.034).

Conclusion

The study provides insights into factors influencing MDD among PLW in northern Bangladesh. Empowering women and promoting climate-smart techniques for agriculture emerged as pivotal determinants, alongside enhancing education levels, increasing food security, and addressing economic barriers. Implementing multifaceted interventions that consider socio-demographic diversity, economic disparities, and dietary preferences is crucial for enhancing dietary diversity and improving health outcomes in this vulnerable population.
Exploring the spatiotemporal patterns of county-scale PM2.5 drivers in Shandong Province from 2000 to 2020
Authors: Wang Dongchao , Li Xichun , Duan Xinrong , Yang Huimin , Zhang Baolei
Published: October 2024

In the rapid development of air pollution over the past two decades in Shandong Province, it has played a detrimental role, causing severe damage to regional ecological security and public health. There has been little research at the county scale to explore the spatiotemporal causes and heterogeneity of PM2.5 pollution. This study utilizes a Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression Model (GTWR) to environmentally model meteorological elements and socioeconomic conditions in Shandong Province from 2000 to 2020, aiming to identify the key driving factors of PM2.5 concentration changes across 136 counties. The results show that PM2.5 pollution in Shandong Province peaked in 2013, followed by a rapid decline in pollution levels. Geographically, counties in the western plains of Shandong generally exhibit higher pollution levels, while most counties in the central hills of Shandong and the Jiaodong Peninsula are in low pollution areas. Strong winds positively influence air quality in the southeast of Shandong; high temperatures can ameliorate air pollution in areas outside the southeast, whereas air pressure exhibits the opposite effect. Precipitation shows a significant negative correlation in the Laizhou Bay and central Shandong regions, while relative humidity primarily exerts a negative effect in coastal areas. The impact of fractional vegetation cover is relatively mild, with positive effects observed in southern Shandong and negative effects in other regions. Population density shows a significant positive correlation in the western plains of Shandong. Economic factors exhibit predominantly positive relationships, particularly in the northwest and the Jiaodong Peninsula. Electricity consumption in southern Shandong correlates positively, while industrial factors show positive effects province-wide. PM2.5 pollution in Shandong Province demonstrates significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity, aligning with governmental expectations for the effectiveness of air pollution control measures. The conclusions of this study can be utilized to assess the efficiency of air pollution abatement at the county level and provide quantitative data support for the revision of regional emission reduction policies.
Enrollment and associated factors of the national health insurance program of Nepal: Further analysis of the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2022
Authors: Acharya Devaraj , Sharma Sushil , Bietsch Kristin
Published: October 2024

The focus of this study was on the current enrollment status of the government-funded health insurance (HI) program in Nepal, which is necessary to achieve universal health coverage by 2030. Despite the government’s commitment, the program faces challenges of low enrollment and high dropout rates, hindering progress towards this goal. With a purpose to find out the associated factors for enrollment in HI, the cross-sectional study employs secondary data obtained from the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2022. A multi-stage sampling method yielded a representative sample of 14,280 households, and an interview was conducted with 14,845 females and 4,913 males aged 15–49. A weighted sample was employed and subsequently analyzed through the use of R. The analysis reveals a concerningly low enrollment rate, with only 10% of the surveyed population possessing government HI. Furthermore, significant geographical disparities were found to exist—Koshi Province had the highest coverage (21.8% men and 20.4% women), while Madhesh Province lagging far behind (3.1% men and 2.7% women). Additionally, the enrollment rates correlated positively with urban residence, higher socioeconomic statuses, and employment, with no subgroup surpassing 30% coverage, though. The study demonstrates a positive association between HI and healthcare utilization, with insured individuals exhibiting a higher likelihood of visiting health facilities and reporting fewer access-related issues. Respondents with higher levels of education and greater wealth were significantly more likely to enroll in HI than those with basic education and middle-level wealth, respectively. This pattern holds consistently for both males and females. These findings suggest that the program, aiming for 60% coverage by 2023/24, is currently off-track. Policymakers should interpret these data as a call for action, prompting the development and implementation of the targeted interventions to address enrollment disparities across Nepal. By focusing on the low-coverage areas and the vulnerable populations, the program can be strengthened and contribute meaningfully to achieving universal health coverage by 2030.
Development of a new perceived injustice scale for Bangla speaking population
Authors: Mourin Chandrima , Mozumder Muhammad Kamruzzaman
Published: October 2024

Background

Perceived injustice is a relatively novel psychosocial construct starting to get some attention among researchers studying health and mental health outcomes. In the context of the widespread perception of being a victim of injustice in Bangladesh, a gap in instruments measuring perceived injustice was evident. The novelty of the construct and lack of similar instruments necessitated the development of a new Perceived Injustice Scale for Bangla speaking population.

Method

A three-stage approach was used to develop the instrument. A thorough review of literature coupled with interviews with the general population as well as professionals contributed to the conceptualization of the construct. A rigorous process of expert evaluation and item analysis resulted in the identification of the most suitable items.

Results

The scale demonstrated a single-factor structure with adequate evidence of its reliability and validity. Reliability of the scale was assessed using internal consistency method (Cronbach alpha = .931; p< .01) and test-retest method (r = .837; p< .01). While validity was assessed using criterion-related validity (correlation with the Steel Injustice Inventory at r = .428; p< .01) and construct validity (correlation with the Perceived Stress Scale at r = .332; p< .01; and with the WHO Wellbeing Index at r = -.361; p< .01).

Conclusion

The strong evidence of reliability and validity suggests the suitability of the scale for measuring perceived injustice in Bangladesh. Researchers and clinicians can use this 10-item scale with confidence in assessing perceived injustice among the general population.
Uma Ponte para os Continentes: Álvaro Vasconcelos, registros de seu encontro com o Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Moraes de Almeida Manoel Severino
Published: October 2024

O presente ensaio é um registro da visita de Álvaro Vasconcelos ao Brasil, no ano de 2015, em dois momentos: o primeiro, na Universidade de São Paulo – USP; e o segundo, na reunião com os diretores do Instituto Dom Helder Camara, no dia 8 de julho de 2015. Nas duas oportunidades pude compartilhar de seus diagnósticos e projeções. Na reunião do IDHeC, seus comentários sobre a filosofia política global demonstram‑ se, quase uma década depois, atuais e salutares para o debate da conjuntura. No Recife, revisitou vários lugares e debateu com amigos a realidade brasileira. Trata‑ se de seu encontro com o Nordeste do Brasil.
De Antigua ao presente
Authors: Janine Ribeiro Renato
Published: October 2024

Celebrando os oitenta anos de Álvaro Vasconcelos, o texto aborda o longo e profícuo caminho que percorremos, desde que nos conhecemos na Guatemala, até aos dias de hoje. Um percurso repleto de salutares encontros e instigantes reflexões sobre o mundo.
A UE e as outras Europas
Authors: De Sousa Teresa
Published: October 2024

Para a generalidade dos europeus, a União Europeia é vista de forma positiva. Nos países mais ricos ou nos mais pobres. A Norte e a Sul, a Leste como a Ocidente. Continua a ser esta a sua grande força. Estas eleições europeias não são, no entanto, iguais a todas as outras. A Europa atravessa uma crise existencial profunda, porventura a mais séria desde a sua fundação. A razão, todos nós a conhecemos: uma guerra de grandes dimensões no continente europeu, pela primeira vez desde a II Guerra. Poder‑ se á argumentar que houve uma guerra trágica nos Balcãs na última década do século XX com a desagregação da Jugoslávia. Mas essa guerra foi uma “guerra civil” que nunca ameaçou a segurança europeia. Assistimos posteriormente a sucessivas agressões militares da Rússia de Putin a alguns Estados independentes que emergiram da implosão da União Soviética. Na Geórgia, em 2008, ou na própria Ucrânia, com a anexação da Crimeia e a intervenção no Donbass, em 2014. Foi, precisamente, porque Paris e Berlim não quiseram ver a verdadeira natureza do regime russo que hoje estamos confrontados com a guerra na Ucrânia. Já toda a gente reconheceu isso mesmo, incluindo as duas capitais. Foi um erro que convém não repetir.Esta guerra é diferente. É a invasão de um país soberano com o propósito de dominá‑ lo e de lhe impor um regime pró russo. Envolve centenas de milhares de soldados russos. Implica a transformação da Rússia numa economia de guerra, preparada para combater na Ucrânia ou para além da Ucrânia. Na Europa, já ninguém tem dúvidas sobre a natureza e as intenções do novo imperialismo russo e da ameaça que representa para a segurança europeia.
São estas as condições em que vamos votar para o Parlamento Europeu. Absolutamente excecionais. Com um impacte enorme na forma como a União olha para si própria, para o mundo que a rodeia. A União Europeia deixou de poder ser um “projeto de paz e de prosperidade” rodeado por um mundo em turbulência, cada vez mais perigoso. Está obrigada a alterar as suas prioridades. A defesa e o rearmamento subiram para o primeiro lugar na sua agenda política.É uma transformação tão radical, caro leitor, cara leitora, que não tem um caminho fácil. Como fazer convergir os interesses de 27 países com histórias e experiências diferentes para uma estratégia de sobrevivência e de afirmação internacional comum? É um enorme desafio.
A promessa europeia: o que é e porque precisamos dela
Authors: Tavares Rui
Published: October 2024

A proposta de uma "Promessa Europeia" visa revitalizar a narrativa da União Europeia, incorporando prosperidade partilhada, direitos fundamentais e democracia. Essa promessa, embora implícita, poderia empoderar os cidadãos e orientar as instituições da UE. Ao articular claramente essa ideia, a Europa poderia enfrentar desafios como desemprego juvenil, pobreza infantil e corrupção, promovendo uma cidadania partilhada. A Promessa Europeia serviria como um compromisso moral com os cidadãos, destacando a importância de não abandonar ninguém ao autoritarismo e à opressão, e reforçando a necessidade de um projeto de integração que respeite valores e direitos fundamentais
A defesa ambiental na União Europeia: confluência de políticas
Authors: Porto Manuel , Lavouras M. Matilde
Published: October 2024

A experiência tem demonstrado que a problemática ambiental, sendo uma problemática sem fronteiras, exige um envolvimento mundial e em todos os espaços geográficos.Neste quadro global, a União Europeia, assumindo as suas responsabilidades neste âmbito geográfico, tem vindo a adotar, pelo menos desde o Ato Único Europeu e, sobretudo, a partir do Tratado de Maastricht, medidas enquadradas na proteção ambiental,em concretização do princípio da prevenção e do princípio da precaução. Tendo estes princípios implicações em todos os níveis, não é de estranhar que encontremos reflexo destas medidas em várias políticas, como são os casos, considerados neste artigo, da política tributária e de políticas estruturais como a política regional, promovendo um mais equilibrado ordenamento do território, e a política de transportes.Palavras‑chave: ambiente; princípio da prevenção; princípio da precaução; extrafiscalidade; política de transportes; política regional.
Gestão da imigração e políticas de integração cívica: uma análise prospetiva à intenção de estabelecer uma viragem cívica em Portugal
Authors: Rodrigues Ana
Published: October 2024

Pretendemos neste artigo explorar uma aparente chegada a Portugal de uma dinâmica de prossecução de políticas de integração cívica enquanto forma de promoção da integração de nacionais de países terceiros. Para tanto, partiremos de uma revisitação do conceito de integração e procuraremos destacar os momentos mais relevantes da evolução da política correspondente levada a cabo pela União Europeia. Finalmente, discutiremos as possibilidades deixadas em aberto pelo novo Plano de Ação para as Migrações, recentemente apresentado pelo governo português.
The Effect of Use of Local Organic Microorganism Fertilizers on Rice Media, Banana Sticks, And Tongol Fish on The Growth of Arabika Coffee Plants (Coffea arabica L.) in The Gunung Karang Garden, Pandeglang District
Authors: Suyamto Suyamto , Hujaji M. , Susilo Hadi , Oktavia Swastika , Mu'jijah Mu'jijah
Published: October 2024

Arabica coffee plants (Coffea arabica L.) are plantation commodities with high economic value. Efforts that can be made in farming without using chemicals that will damage the environment is by utilizing local microorganisms (MOL). For farmers who demand the use of cheap and practical fertilizers, they can be directed to use local microorganism organic fertilizers made from rice, banana stems, and tuna. This study aims to determine the effect of using local microorganism organic fertilizers made from rice, banana stems, and tuna on the growth of C. arabica plants. The type of research to be carried out is experimental research. This research method uses a Completely Randomized Factorial Design (CRFD) consisting of 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor is the source material consisting of 3 levels, namely: M1 = stale rice, M2 = banana stem, and M3 = tuna. The second factor is the fermentation period consisting of: H1 = 2 weeks fermentation and H2 = 4 weeks fermentation. The measured parameters of C. arabica plants are height, number of leaves, and stem diameter. The results showed that rice, banana stem, and tuna can be made into MOL fertilizers. The use of MOL organic fertilizers (stale rice, banana stem, and tuna) affects the growth of C. arabica, which can be seen from the parameters of plant height, number of leaves, and stem diameter. M3H2 MOL organic fertilizer (tuna fermented for 4 weeks) provides optimal growth of C. arabica in terms of plant height, number of leaves, and stem diameter.
The Effect of Probiotic Starter Culture Variation on the Quality of Yogurt Based on Indonesian National Standard
Authors: Ih Hariyanto , Cristin Bella , Nurbaeti Siti Nani
Published: October 2024

Yogurt is usually made by two lactic acid bacteria such as Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus. However, three to seven lactic acid bacteria are also used in several products. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of variations in the number of starter bacteria and compare to Indonesian National Standard (SNI). The experimental method was used with starter variations, including a combination of two (Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus); three (Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus acidophilus); and seven bacteria (Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium longum, and Bifidobacterium infantis). The results showed that the yogurt with two and seven bacteria was within the range of SNI value standard. The pH, viscosity, syneresis, lactic acid content, total protein, and total number of bacteria for yogurt with two bacteria were 3.92, 453.76 cP, 88.05%, 1.27%, 3.26%, and 2.47 x 1012 Cfu/mL, respectively. The values for yogurt with seven bacteria were 4.11, 478.23 cP, 97,45%, 0,98%, 2.7%, and 1.53 x 1010, respectively, while formulas with three bacteria did not reach the pH standard. However, the atypical taste was given by the seven starter bacteria and the use of various bacteria starters affected the quality of yogurt. Specifically, formulas composed of two bacteria showed the best results according to SNI.
Antiepileptic Potential of Justicia insularis Leaf Extract in Swiss Mice
Authors: Elkanah Nancy , Nnumolu Michael Chuks , Okokon Jude Effiom , Ise Uduak Peter
Published: October 2024

Epilepsy is a prevalent neurological condition characterized by repetitive seizures, necessitating the exploration of efficacious treatments. Justicia insularis, a plant with a historical use in treating convulsions and epilepsy, has garnered attention as a potential antiepileptic agent. This study aimed to investigate the antiepileptic properties of Justicia insularis leaf extract, focusing on generated seizure models in mice. The analysis of variance (ANOVA), specifically one-way ANOVA, was utilized to assess the statistical significance of the data. Seizure models were employed to evaluate the antiepileptic effects of Justicia insularis leaf extract. The p-values obtained from the one-way ANOVA were significant, with values of ap<0.005, bp<0.01, and cp<0.001. These results suggest the statistical significance of the observed effects in the seizure models. This study provides valuable insights into the therapeutic potential of Justicia insularis leaf extract as a treatment for epilepsy. The significant findings underscore the importance of further research into the use of natural medicines for managing epilepsy, potentially offering new avenues for treatment.
Exploring Allelochemical Compositions in The Roots of Two Varieties of Anacardium occidentale (Cashew)
Authors: Okoronkwo Nnenna Ejije , Igwe Jude Chibuzor , Nwosu Nkemakolam Bright , Chukwu Precious Onyinyechi , Chukwukere Udoka Ifunnaya , Ihedigbo Perculiar C.
Published: October 2024

Allelochemicals are chemicals released by plants that affect other plants and pests. The chemicals are provided by different parts of the plant or released through the natural decomposition of the associated plants. Anacardium occidentale has been reported to exhibit allelopathy. The bark and inner parts of the roots of the two varieties (red and yellow) of Anacardium occidental (Linn) were qualitatively and quantitatively analysed for the presence of allelochemicals. The samples were also subjected to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. The qualitative results showed that flavonoids, tannins, and phenols were present in both the bark and inner parts of the roots, whereas alkaloids, saponins, and terpenoids were present only in the bark of the roots. The quantitative results showed that while the root bark of the red variety had the highest saponin content, that of the yellow variety had the highest phenol content. The GC/MS results for both samples showed the presence of different compounds, and one of the compound peaks observed in the inner root was not identified; 9,12– octadecadienoic acid (fatty acid) was the compound with the highest composition identified in the yellow variety.  Similar compounds were identified in the root bark of the red and yellow varieties, which include 3-Tridecyl phenol with molecular formula C19H32O and molecular weight 276, which occurred at a retention time range of 41.703–41.712 min and had the lowest percentage compositions of 2.816 and 4.732% in red and yellow varieties, respectively. The compounds with the highest percentage compositions of 32.389 and 41.944% in red and yellow, respectively, were identified as (Z)-3-(Heptadec-10-en-1-yl) phenol (molecular formula C23H38O with molecular weight 330), occurring within the retention time range of 48.246 – 48.263 min. Other compounds with higher percentage compositions were identified in the samples, including (Z)-3-(pentadec-8-en-1-yl) phenol and 3-((4Z,7Z)-Heptadeca-4,7-dien-1-yl) phenol. However, 1,2,4,-Benzenetriol (molecular formula C6H6O with molecular weight 252) was only identified in the red variety, with a percentage composition of 8.883%, which occurred at a retention time of  22.040 min. The compounds identified in the bark were mostly phenols, whereas those in the inner roots were more fatty acids.
Pharmacophore mapping of Angiotensin Converting Enzymes (ACEs): Insight to Binding Site of ACE1 and ACE2
Authors: Ujiantari Navista Sri Octa , Apsari Cintya Nurul
Published: October 2024

Angiotensin Converting Enzymes (ACEs) are carboxypeptidase enzymes involved in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which catalyze angiotensin I by cleavage of the peptide bond. ACE1 has been known as a target for antihypertensive drugs. Another homolog of ACE1, ACE2 has been popular since 2020 because this enzyme is responsible for the SARS-COV2 infection in the human body. Interestingly, it was found that ACE1 inhibitors did not inhibit ACE2. Hence, this study aims to elucidate the pharmacophore of ACE1 and ACE2 in order to understand the mechanism of these different inhibitions. Pharmacophore mapping was carried out using a pharmacophore query editor in the Molecular Operating Environment (MOE). The 3D structures of both enzymes bound to respective inhibitors were prepared and their pharmacophore features were extracted. Besides that, the similarity of both enzymes was analyzed by comparing their amino acid sequences using Align in Uniprot. In addition to pharmacophore mapping, the surfaces of both binding sites were analyzed to obtain a comprehensive evaluation. Results showed that both ACE1 and ACE2 contain nine and eight pharmacophore features, respectively. The amino acid residues of both enzymes were quite similar, especially in the active site. However, both ACE1 and ACE2 inhibitors showed different interactions even though both were well aligned. It was found because the functional groups of both inhibitors were slightly different as well as the active site size of both enzymes. Thus, this might result in different ability of ACE1 inhibitors to occupy the binding site of ACE2. These findings could provide useful information in the design of new selective ACE1 compounds as well as ACE2 compounds.
Potency of Turmeric Extract (Curcuma domestica Val.) with Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) Against Incision Wound Healing
Authors: Atifah Yusni , Kurnia Aifa
Published: October 2024

Wounds are damage or loss of body tissues that occur due to a factor that interferes with the body's protective system. One example of an open wound is an incision where there is a linear tear in the skin and underlying tissue. One natural ingredient that has potential as an alternative treatment for cut wounds is turmeric and VCO. The part of turmeric contains curcumin to accelerate wound healing and VCO contains lauric acid which functions as an antibacterial.  The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the combination of turmeric extract (Curcuma domestica Val.) with Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) on the percentage and healing time of incision wounds in male mice (Mus musculus L.). This research is an experimental study. The research was conducted from October to December 2023 at the Animal House and Research Laboratory of the Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padang State University. The design used is a Complete Randomized Design (RAL) with 5 (five) treatments and 5 (five) repeats. The data obtained were analyzed using the ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) test using the SPSS 22 application. The results showed that the combination of turmeric extract (Curcuma domestica Val.) with Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) affected the percentage and time of incision wound closure in male mice (Mus musculus L.). The best combination of turmeric extract with VCO is a ratio of 2:1.
The Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Efficacy of Citrullus lanatus Rind Ethanol Extract Against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Authors: Cokro Wilbert Alvin Genesis , Natassya Priska , Soesanto Sheila
Published: October 2024

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) rind contains secondary metabolite compounds which exhibit antimicrobial effects against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans can cause tissue damage and bone resorption, leading to aggressive periodontitis. Chlorhexidine as golden standard antimicrobial mouthwash can cause tooth staining. There is a need for herbal remedies with fewer side effects as an alternative treatment for periodontitis. This study aims to determine the antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy of C. lanatus rind ethanol extract against A. actinomycetemcomitans. This is an experimental laboratory in vitro with a post-test-only control group design. The antibacterial test was conducted using the plate count method and the antibiofilm test using the microtiter plate biofilm assay method. The samples used were ethanol extract of C. lanatus rind 3.125%, 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 100%, chlorhexidine 0.2% as positive control, distilled water, and BHI-B as negative control. As a result, extract concentrations from 12.5% to 100% exhibited antibacterial effects on A. actinomycetemcomitans equivalent to chlorhexidine. During the 3-hour incubation period, extract at 25% and 100% concentrations on all incubation times showed a better antibiofilm effect than chlorhexidine. It can be concluded that ethanol extract of C. lanatus rind had the potential as an alternative antibiofilm agent against A. actinomycetemcomitans.
Quality Analysis and Anti-termite Activity of Essential Oils from the Leaves, Stems, and Roots of Litsea firma (Blume) Hook F
Authors: Gerina Febrilia , Muharini Rini , Lestari Ira , Masriani Masriani , Enawaty Eny
Published: October 2024

Litsea firma (Blume) Hook. f. has long been utilized as a traditional medicine plant. This research aims to analyze the quality of L. firma (Blume) Hook F essential oils extracted from its leaves, stems, and roots and to evaluate their anti-termite activity. The essential oils were obtained using the steam-water distillation method for 8 hours in triplicate. The quality of the essential oils was determined by their yield, specific gravity, refractive index, and optical rotation angle, which was compared with the previously reported quality data of L. cubeba essential oil. The results showed that all L. firma essential oils possessed a transparent colour, a distinctive aroma, and a bitter taste. The quality assessment revealed that essential oil yields ranged from 0.16% - 2.42%. The specific gravity of leaves essential oil was 0.83. Furthermore, the refractive index ratio ranged from 1.43 to 1.44, and the optical rotation angle varied between +15.3° to +16.8°. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of terpenes in L. firma essential oil. Essential oil of L. firma leaves exhibited a pronounced anti-termite activity with a percentage mortality of 100% and paper weight loss of 11.6 %. Thus, L. firma essential oils, particularly from leaves, had promising potential for natural termite control.
Pensar y accionar la inclusión desde miradas diversas
Authors: Alcántara López Lucía , Benítez Gavira Remedios , Zarzuela Castro Ana
Published: October 2024

Esta obra coral se centra en la respuesta socioeducativa inclusiva a las personas con dislexia, surgida de la identificación de una realidad excluyente, en el con texto del proyecto de investigación I+D+i PID2019-108775RB-C43. Supone un ejercicio de movilización del conocimiento donde caminan juntos miembros de la Asociación Dislexia Cádiz y de la Universidad de Cádiz. Desde una perspectiva comunitaria de la educación inclusiva y un enfoque “radical” expone las voces de familias, jóvenes y adultos con dislexia, profesorado e investiga dores e investigadoras que presentan la narrativa de sus emociones, vivencias, experiencias e investigaciones. La primera sección aborda la educación inclusiva como marco necesario, destacando la importancia de una escuela para todas las personas. La segunda sección presenta narrativas personales sobre la dislexia y la inclusión, enfocándose en barreras emocionales y normativas. La tercera parte propone estrategias y recursos para una educación inclusiva (como el tránsito entre primaria y secundaria, la accesibilidad a la lectura, los recursos inclusivos y la enseñanza en áreas específicas como inglés y matemáticas). Es necesario transformar las políticas, culturas y prácticas educativas para garantizar la inclusión de personas con dislexia y otras dificultades específicas de aprendizaje. Escuchar, identificar, investigar, proponer y actuar son pasos clave en este camino hacia la justicia social. La colaboración de toda la comunidad educativa es funda mental para permitir que las personas con dislexia alcancen su máximo potencial en una escuela para todas y todos.
ANALISIS KEPUTUSAN MINAT BERKUNJUNG KEMBALI WISATAWAN SALOKA THEME PARK
Authors: Dalimunthe Nisa Rahmi , Purwanti Evi Yulia
Published: October 2024

Semarang Regency has a variety of attractions, one of them is Saloka Theme Park which is located in Gumuksari, Lopait. Saloka has 25 main attractions and animation laser show entertainment, Klinthing Baru. This research aims to review and analyza tourist demand for Saloka tourism objects. This study uses 100 sample questionnaires that distributed online with accidental sapling, namely the technique sample determine based on chance, anyone who accidentally meets with a researcher can be used as a sample if deemed suitable as a data source. Data samples were processed using logistic regression analysis and descriptive analysis. The logistics analysis test is used to describe the relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variable, while descriptive analysis i s used to describe profil of respondents. Dependent variable used is interest of revisiting, while the independent variables are income per month, age, group visits, facilities, vahicles and the price of admission.The result showed that income per month, age, and vehicle had a significant effect, while the group visit, facility variable and entrance ticket price had no significant effect. Variable income, facilities, ride and ticket prices have a positive effect, while age and group visits have a negative effect. Based on observations showing that various kinds of games and entertainment rides are outdoors.
The effect of home‐based neuromuscular electrical stimulation‐resistance training and protein supplementation on lean mass in persons with spinal cord injury: A pilot study
Authors: Hoekstra Sven , King James A. , Fenton Jordan , Kirk Natasha , Willis Scott A. , Phillips Stuart M. , Webborn Nick , Tolfrey Keith , Bosch Johan De Vogel‐Van Den , Goosey‐Tolfrey Vicky L.
Published: October 2024

In persons with a spinal cord injury (SCI), resistance training using neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES‐RT) increases lean mass in the lower limbs. However, whether protein supplementation in conjunction with NMES‐RT further enhances this training effect is unknown. In this randomized controlled pilot trial, 15 individuals with chronic SCI engaged in 3 times/week NMES‐RT, with (NMES+PRO, n = 8) or without protein supplementation (NMES, n = 7), for 12 weeks. Before and after the intervention, whole body and regional body composition (DXA) and fasting glucose and insulin concentrations were assessed in plasma. Adherence to the intervention components was ≥96%. Thigh lean mass was increased to a greater extent after NMES+PRO compared to NMES (0.3 (0.2, 0.4) kg; p < 0.001). Furthermore, fasting insulin concentration and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA‐IR) were decreased similarly in both groups (fasting insulin: 1 [−9, 11] pmol∙L−1; HOMA‐IR: 0.1 [−0.3, 0.5] AU; both p ≥ 0.617). Twelve weeks of home‐based NMES‐RT increased thigh lean mass, an effect that was potentiated by protein supplementation. In combination with the excellent adherence and apparent improvement in cardiometabolic health outcomes, these findings support further investigation through a full‐scale randomized controlled trial.
Crystal structure of 3-nitrophenol-2,1,3-benzoselenadiazole (1/1), C12H9N3O3Se
Authors: Wang Jian-Ge
Published: October 2024

C12H9N3O3Se, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 3.9106(3) Å, b = 23.5453(14) Å, c = 13.4611(8) Å, β = 

92.697

(
6
)

°

$92.697(6){}^{\circ}$

, V = 1238.07(14) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0432, ωR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0786, T = 290 K.
One-pot conversion of 2-ethoxycarbonyl-4H-3,1-benzoxazine-4-ones to tetracyclic quinazoline-6,12-diones in the presence of a Pd complex nanocatalyst
Authors: Havasi Forugh , Nikpour Farzad , Ghorbani-Choghamarani Arash
Published: October 2024

Heterocyclic transformation of 2-ethoxycarbonyl-4H-3,1-benzoxazine-4-ones to new derivatives of tetracyclic quinazoline-4-ones has been investigated with MCM-41‐dtz‐Pd as a heterogeneous recoverable nanocatalyst under mild reaction conditions.
High-pressure synthesis and crystal structure of the mixed-cation borate V5−x
Co
x
Co
y
[B12O26−z
(OH)
z
]
Authors: Somasundaram Janaki Devi , Pasqualini Leonard C. , Krivosudský Lukáš , Huppertz Hubert
Published: October 2024

A mixed transition metal borate Co5–x
VxCoy[B12O26–z
(OH)
z
] was synthesized in a Walker-type module using the high-pressure/high-temperature approach at 12 GPa and 1,300 °C. The product crystallizes in the space group I41/acd. It is isotypic to other 3d metal cation borates of the M
5[B12O25(OH)]–M
5
M[B12O22(OH)4] solid solution series. The title compound features three different metal cation positions; one octahedral site contains a mixture of V and Co, another octahedral site is fully occupied with Co, and a cuboctahedral position that is partially occupied with Co. It is the first compound within this structure type to contain Co, increasing the range of elements that can be incorporated and thus illustrating the adaptability and structural diversity of this anionic borate network.
Obtención de carbón activado a partir de residuos orgánicos y su aplicación para el tratamiento de aguas residuales
Authors: Ramírez Torres Berenice Michelle , Ortiz Gonzalez Miguel Ángel , Ceseña Quiñonez José Ignacio , Serafín Muñoz Alma Hortensia
Published: October 2024

Actualmente es necesaria la búsqueda de alternativas para la eliminación de contaminantes como los métalespesados de las aguas que se vierten a los cuerpos de agua a fin de evitar el daño a la salud del hombre, alos ecosistemas acuáticos y al medio ambiente.En el presente trabajo de investigación se propone una metodología para producir carbón activado a partirde residuos orgánicos. El carbón activado se utilizaría para tratar las aguas residuales contaminadas de losríos de Guanajuato, México, que contienen principalmente plomo (Pb), cobre (Cu) y hierro (Fe). Este enfoqueaborda dos problemas ambientales importantes: la generación de residuos sólidos urbanos (RSU) y eltratamiento de aguas residuales. El estudio también explora posibles mejoras para aumentar la eficiencia deltratamiento.
Extraction of cannabidoil (CBD) oil using supercritical CO2
Authors: Álvarez Mojica Nayeli Montserrat , Arévalo Cisneros Valeria Alejandra , Contreras Cervantes José Manuel , Mendoza Villagomez Jesus Fernando , López Barrios Obet Felipe , Ocampo Hernández Stephanie
Published: October 2024

Tradicionalmente, los métodos de preparación del aceite de cannabis son relativamente simples, aunquetardados y no requieren instrumentos especializados. Sin embargo, no son inocuos porque utilizanalcoholes como disolvente. Por esta razón, las personas que tienen acceso al cannabis puedenprepararlo en casa ellos mismos. Hasta el momento, los sistemas de extracción de aceite de cannabispresentan algunas desventajas tales como: diseños complejos que hacen difícil su fabricación y que sumantenimiento sea complicado y costoso [1]. Por lo que en el presente escrito se planea exponer eldiseño conceptual de un sistema de extracción mediante el uso de CO2 supercrítico, ya que se presentaun dispositivo de fácil fabricación, mantenimiento eficaz, flexible, y de bajo costo. El elemento másimportante de un sistema de alta presión es el cálculo de la junta, la cual proporciona que la cámara deextracción se encuentre aislada del medio ambiente y sea capaz de soportar presiones por arriba de1200 psig. Para cada junta, se cuenta con un límite de aplastamiento, si se sobrepasa este límite existeuna deformación excesiva y la junta pierde sus características de sellabilidad. Para la junta de este sistema,la fuerza de aplastamiento máxima es Wgmax= 55951 lbf, por lo que en el cálculo del torque se toma unvalor intermedio de 25000 lbf = 111205.54 N. El sistema presentado soluciona adecuadamente laextracción de aceite de cannabidiol empleando CO2 supercrítico. Además, utiliza materiales y accesorioscomerciales lo que lo hace compacto, económico, de fácil fabricación, operación y mantenimiento.
Potencial de hongos entomopatógenos en el control biológico de insectos plagas agrícolas
Authors: Palomino-Martínez J.A. , Martínez-Sánchez D.R. , Torres-Cruz N. , Sandoval-Gasca P.B. , Cruz- Avalos A.M.
Published: October 2024

En el estado de Guanajuato se conoce poco sobre la presencia y abundancia de enemigosnaturales de plagas, por ejemplo, los hongos entomopatógenos, Bauveria bassiana yMetarhizium anisopliae, microorganismos capaces de causar enfermedad a importantesplagas agrícolas. En la actualidad, el control de plagas agrícolas se basa principalmente enel control químico, no obstante, este método no siempre resulta eficaz, además de causardaño a microorganismos benéficos, ocasionando problemas de infertilidad al suelo ytambién causando daños en el medio ambiente. Por tal motivo se llevó a cabo este trabajo,con el objetivo de evaluar la efectividad de dos aislados, uno de (Bauveria bassiana (Bb4)y otro de Metarhizium anisopliae (Ma22), de hongos entomopatógenos nativos de suelosagrícolas del estado de Guanajuato, sobre el insecto-plaga Plutella xylostella. Asimismo,se realizó el mantenimiento de la cría de P. xylostella bajo condiciones de laboratorio, paraposteriormente realizar los bioensayos sobre el mismo.Se encontró que ambas cepas evaluadas (Bb4 y Ma22), presentaron actividad patógenasobre el estadio de larvas neonatas; sólo que, en ambas cepas se observaron diferencias depatogenicidad. La cepa Ma22 fue la que ocasionó mayor infección, con una mortalidad de100%, seguida de la cepa Bb4 causando mortalidad del 86% en larvas neonatas de P.xylostella, realizando los bioensayos a una única concentración de 1x108 conidios/mL. Esimportante continuar investigando la virulencia de cada una de las cepas, con la finalidadde establecer su uso como agente de control biológico en larvas y huevecillos de P.xylostella.
La dieta de la milpa como una alternativa sustentable para prevenir la desnutrición en el estado de Guanajuato, México
Authors: Venegas-Martínez Fernanda P. , Topete-Rojas Diana C. , Hernández-Valencia Grecia L. , Almanza-Ruiz Carla C. , Chávez-Gaytán Candy S. , Padilla-Vega Luis A. , Ozuna César
Published: October 2024

El sistema de la milpa está considerado por la Organización de la Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y laAlimentación como “un importante sistema del patrimonio agrícola mundial” ya que este garantiza laconservación de la cultura y cubre las necesidades básicas alimentarias. El objetivo de este artículo dedivulgación es presentar el panorama del crecimiento poblacional en el estado de Guanajuato en México, suimpacto en la desnutrición e impulsar la adopción de la dieta de la milpa como una alternativa sustentable alos problemas de seguridad alimentaria en el estado. Los productos alimenticios derivados de la milparepresentan una importante fuente de componentes nutricionales que se han relacionado con la prevenciónde enfermedades no transmisibles y sus comorbilidades como la desnutrición, diabetes, obesidad, cáncer,entre otras. En México, el sistema de la milpa ha disminuido con el tiempo debido a la introducción demonocultivos y a los cambios de estilo de vida que han llevado a la adopción de dietas hipercalóricas yproductos ultra procesados con poco valor nutricional. El aumento de los índices de desnutrición en el estadode Guanajuato es la consecuencia del crecimiento urbano, los altos niveles de pobreza y los malos hábitosalimenticios. En conclusión, adoptar la dieta de la milpa es una estrategia accesible y sustentable paracombatir la desnutrición en la región, ya que al combinar el maíz, frijol y calabaza se obtienen loscomponentes nutricionales necesarios para tener una dieta equilibrada.
Aplicación de la Oxazolidinona en la síntesis de BODIPYs quirales
Authors: Granados Hernández Ángel Demián , Peña Cabrera Eduardo
Published: October 2024

En el presente trabajo de verano se tuvo como objetivo la síntesis proquiral de un derivado de BODIPY, ellopor las propiedades quirópticas que este pudiera presentar. Se propone una ruta sintética para lograr esteobjetivo. Como primera parte, una reacción de sustitución en el grupo carbonilo del cloruro de acetilo por labase conjugada del auxiliar quiral de Evans. Posteriormente, la formación del ion enolato y de manera finaluna sustitución nucleofílica del grupo -metiltio del 8-metiltioBODIPY por el enolato.