bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bleomycin mouse model with active-phase pulmonary fibrosis and no acute mortality
Authors: KADAM ANIL H , Faix Peggy H. , Schnitzer Jan E.
Published: February 2020

Background The bleomycin mouse model is the most prevalent animal model used to study idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), ranging from basic pathophysiological mechanisms to therapeutic modalities. High mortality rates, inconsistencies in disease induction, and great severity of the disease phenotype have limited its utility and clinical relevance. In this study, we identify conditions in the mouse bleomycin model that maintain the desired IPF phenotype found in patients while avoiding the usual, associated rapid mouse mortality. Methods In two independent studies, we analyzed the effects of incremental intratracheal (IT) high (1-3 U/kg) and low (0.05-0.5 U/kg) bleomycin doses on pulmonary fibrosis in mice. We observed dose effects on weight loss, morbidity and mortality, inflammation, lung collagen content, presence of various biomarkers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALf), and histology 14 days post-treatment, when the animals were in the active phase of fibrosis. Results We characterize the fibrotic effects of various bleomycin doses in mice on pulmonary inflammation, myofibroblast activation, vascular leakiness, angiogenesis, and extracellular tissue remodeling. Higher bleomycin doses induced acute disease with severe and saturated responses, extreme and progressive weight loss, and high morbidity and mortality rates. In contrast, lower doses of bleomycin induced a milder and chronic response, featuring robust, active-phase fibrosis with mild weight loss and no mortality. Conclusion Here we demonstrate that the bleomycin mouse model can be used to reproduce symptoms of IPF patients in an animal by using low doses of bleomycin. Low concentrations of bleomycin induce chronic and progressive fibrosis with no mortality.
Disparities in the utilization of ischemic stroke inpatient services in China: the role of urban health insurance
Authors: Yang Yong , Man Xiaowei , Nicholas Stephen , Li Shuo , Bai Qian , Huang Lieyu , Ma Yong , Shi Xuefeng
Published: February 2020

Background: As the second most common cause of death globally, strokes impose a significant financial burden on patients and a country’s health system. This study demonstrates the disparities in the utilization of inpatient health services for stroke patients covered by different urban basic health insurance schemes in China.Methods: We conducted statistical analysis based on the data containing urban employee-based basic medical insurance scheme (UEBMI) and urban resident-based basic medical insurance scheme (URBMI) groups, supplied by the China Health Insurance Research Association (CHIRA). Descriptive analysis was the main method to finish this study.Results: Of the inpatients (N=56485) who had been diagnosed with ischemic stroke, extracted from the CHIRA claimed database, 64.6% (36487) were covered by UEBMI and 35.4% (19998) were covered by URBMI. The annual frequency of hospitalization of UEBMI subgroup was 1.21 times and 1.15 times for URBMI subgroup. The average length of stay of UEBMI subgroup(13.93days) was longer than URBMI subgroup (10.82 days). The UEBMI group had higher hospitalization costs but fewer out-of-pocket costs: for the UEBMI subgroup, the average hospitalization cost was RMB11187.64($1724.02), the average total out-of-pocket costs was RMB2646.42($407.81). While for the URBMI subgroup, the average hospitalization cost was RMB6402.27($986.59) and the average total out-of-pocket costs was RMB2746.10($423.17). All the above differences were significant(P<0.001). Meanwhile, patients with UEBMI had higher reimbursement rate (82.65% and 63.82%) and lower self-paid ratio (23.65% and 42.89%).Conclusions: We found that there were nonnegligible disparities in the utilization of inpatient health services between UEBMI and URBMI. Thus, our results call for a systemic strategy to improve the fragmented social health insurance system and narrow the gap in health insurance schemes in China.
Perceptions of health workers on the referral of women with obstetric complications: a qualitative study in rural Sierra Leone
Authors: Proos R. , Mathéron H. , Nunes J. Vas , Falama A. , Serry-Kamal P. , Grobusch M. P. , Akker T. H. van den
Published: February 2020

BackgroundSierra Leone has one of the highest maternal mortality ratios in the world. Timely and well-coordinated referrals are necessary to reduce delays in providing adequate care for women with obstetric complications. This study describes the perspectives of health workers in rural facilities in Sierra Leone concerning the referral of women with obstetric complications.MethodsWe conducted semi-structured group interviews with health care workers in nine peripheral health units in rural Sierra Leone regarding the referral of women with obstetric complications. Themes discussed were based on an interview guide. The data was analysed by systematic text condensation.ResultsPerspectives were grouped according to the following themes identified: 1) communication between health care workers; 2) underlying influences on decision-making; 3) women’s compliance to referral; 4) logistic constraints.ConclusionSeveral factors in rural Sierra Leone are perceived to complicate timely and adequate referral of women in need of emergency obstetric care. Notable among these factors are fear among women for being referred and fear among health care workers for having maternal deaths or severe obstetric complications at their own facilities. Furthermore, the decision-making of health care workers concerning referral is negatively influenced by an atmosphere of hierarchy between health care workers. Such factors must be considered in efforts to reduce maternal mortality.
Controllable valley filter in graphene topological line defect with magnetic field
Authors: Tian Hongyu , Ren Chongdan , Zhou Benhu , Lu Weitao , Li Yunfang , Li Daoyong , Wang Sake , Zhang Lin
Published: February 2020

The extended line defect of graphene is an extraordinary candidate in valleytronics while the high valley polarization can only occur for electrons with high incidence angles which brings about tremendous challenges to experimental realization. In this paper, we propose a simple scheme to filter one conical valley state by applying a local magnetic field. It is found that due to the movement of the Dirac points, the transmission profiles of the two valleys are shifted along the injection-angle axis at the same pace, resulting in the peak transmission of one valley state being reduced drastically while remaining unaffected for the other valley state, which induces nearly perfect valley polarization. This scheme can be easily implemented in experiments and plays a key role in graphene valleytronics.
Teaching Digital Health Ethics – Considerations and Lessons in Hands on Learning.
Authors: Kumaravel Arthi , Henson Philip , Torous John
Published: February 2020

Background

Educators need new tools to teach resident learners how to evaluate the privacy risks of and utilize the benefits of smartphone applications with their patients. To address this need for education addressing the changing landscape of mental health care delivery, we sought to create a simple tool that can be used in the clinic. Through this 10-point assessment framework for screening health apps based from ethical principles of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), we propose a method that educators can utilize to teach residents about the privacy concerns of utilizing smartphone applications as part of clinical care with their patients.

Methods

We utilized an ethical-educational framework we developed from ethical principles of the GDPR with a group of 27 psychiatry residents from two academic centers for a simulation exercise to assess harms of using smartphone apps with a patient.

Results

All 27 raters completed the evaluations, but only 24 reported a time record for completion of the evaluation. The mean time to evaluate the privacy policy of the sample app’s privacy policy was 434.2 seconds (just over five minutes). Percentage agreement of each question on the survey ranged from a high of 81.5% to a low of 48.1%.

Conclusions

In this study, we developed an assessment framework based on the ethical principles contained within the GDPR to utilize for education of resident learners around digital health privacy. This is the first framework developed for resident learners to help them understand the potential risks to patient privacy with the use of smartphone applications for mental health. The discussion prompted by an examination of a privacy policy through this framework highlights the need for further educational tools built into the residency education curriculum regarding these risks as use of these applications become more wide spread.
An unusual Staphylococcus saccharolyticus spondylodiscitis post vertebroplasty, a case report
Authors: Trojani Marie Charlotte , Lamy brigitte , Ruimy Raymond , Amoretti nicolas , Risso Karine , roux christian
Published: February 2020

Background: Staphylococcus saccharolyticus is a rarely encountered coagulase-negative slowly grower and strictly anaerobic staphylococcus from the skin. It is usually considered as a contaminant, but some rare reports describe deep-seated infections. Virulence factors remain poorly known although genomic analysis highlight pathogenic potential.Case presentation: we report a case of Staphylococcus saccharolyticus spondylodiscitis that followed kyphoplasty, a procedure associated with a low rate of sometimes severe infectious complication (0.46%) and we reviewed the literature. This case specifically stresses the risk of S. saccharolyticus health-care associated infection in patients of poor condition.Conclusion: infection to S. saccharolyticus is difficult to diagnose due to microbiological characteristics of this bacterium, requires timely treatment and improved infection control procedure should be encouraged for patients with poor condition.
Associations Of Abnormalities Detected On Mri And Radiography With Hand Pain And Function In A Population-Based Older Adult Cohort.
Authors: Mattap Siti Maisarah , Wills Karen , Aitken Dawn , Halliday Andrew , Luong Shi-Nan , Squibb Kathryn , Cicuttini Flavia , Jones Graeme , Laslett Laura
Published: February 2020

Objective To describe associations between hand abnormalities on MRI or radiographs (X-ray) and pain and function in a cross-sectional study of community-based older adults. Methods Distal and proximal interphalangeal index finger joints (n=221) were examined using MRI, X-ray, and hand examination. Hand pain, function, and stiffness were assessed using Australian/Canadian hand osteoarthritis index (AUSCAN) questionnaire. Grip strength was assessed using dynamometer. Models were adjusted for age, sex, and other MRI or X-ray abnormalities. Results Absence of collateral ligament (CLs) on MRI (relative risk; RR=3.15 (95% confidence interval 1.33, 7.50), and joint space narrowing (JSN) on X-ray (RR=2.96 (1.33, 6.58)) was associated with having a painful joint after adjustment for confounders. JSN was also associated with tender joints (RR=2.19 (1.01, 4.76)). Effusion-synovitis was associated with better AUSCAN pain scores (OR=0.51 (0.28, 0.94)) and JSN with worse AUSCAN pain scores (odds ratio; OR=1.67 (1.13, 2.48)). Absent CLs were also associated with stiffer joints (OR=3.12 (1.26, 7.70)) and weaker grip strength (β=-1.69 (-2.95, -0.43)) independent of pain and other features; JSN was also associated with weaker grip strength (β=-0.87 (-1.62, -0.14)). No other MRI or X-ray abnormalities were associated with pain or function independent of age, sex or pain. Conclusion Most MRI abnormalities were not associated with pain and function cross-sectionally. Absent CLs and JSN were associated with painful joints and weak grip strength independent of pain and other imaging features. JSN was also associated with tender joints and absent CLs with stiff joints. Unexpectedly, effusions were associated with reduced odds of pain.
MAAWf: An Integrated and Visual Tool for Microbiome Data Analyses
Authors: Zhu Sibo , Sun Tao , Zhu Chengkai , Qing Tao , Jiang Yanfeng , Ding Ruifeng , Su Haoxuan , Sun Yunwen , Xu Xiulin , Xu Kelin , Suo Chen , Yuan Ziyu , Zhang Tiejun , Zhao Genming , Ye Weimin , Jin Li , Chen Xingdong
Published: February 2020

BackgroundMicrobiomic research has grown in popularity in recent decades. The widespread use of next-generation sequencing technologies, including 16S rRNA gene-based and metagenomic shotgun-based methods, has produced a wealth of microbiome data. At present, most software and analysis workflows for analysis and processing of microbiomic data are command line-based, which requires considerable computing time and makes interaction difficult.ResultsTo provide a command-line free, integrated, user interface friendly and online/local deployable microbiome analysis tool, we developed Microbiome Automated Analysis Workflows (MAAWf). The MAAWf assesses taxonomy, protein-coding genes, metabolic pathways, carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZy) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) for WMS, and clusters operational taxonomic units, alpha-/beta-diversity and functional annotations for 16S. MAAWf generates similar results to currently popular tools, but the running time was much shorter. MAAWf is freely accessible and source code available at http://www.maawf.com.ConclusionsMAAWf is a visual, integrated, rapid analysis tool that enables remote and local computing of microbiome data.
How to improve the satisfaction levels of new rural cooperative medical system in underdeveloped areas of China?
Authors: Yao Pin , Wu Yifan , Chen Xiaodong , Ouyang Jing , Liu Chunping , Sun Shu
Published: February 2020

Background: Over the years, China has designed a new rural cooperative medical system for large rural population, which enables them to obtain adequate medical services and prevents poverty caused by medical treatments. However, the rapid economic growth makes the allocation of health resources and the efficient utilization of health services face severe challenges. The study aims to reveal the medical inequality of eight underdeveloped provinces from the perspectives of medical institutions, insurance policies, the government and farmers, in order to puts forward relevant recommendations.Methods: The relevant statistics about assessing the characteristics and equity of demographics, socio-economic and geographical dimensions were from the China Statistical Yearbook and the China Health Statistics Yearbook. A face-to-face sampling survey of farmers in 24 counties of eight less developed provinces (Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan, Shanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia and Xinjiang) was carried out by multi-stage stratified random sampling. The protection effect of New Rural Cooperative Medical System（NRCMS）, satisfaction of medical service and willingness to participate in NRCMS were analyzed.Results: Since the implementation of the new rural cooperative medical system, there has been an inequality in medical service and insurance policy among poor residents in western China. The uneven distribution of medical resources, the inadequacy of local government investment, the complexity of the reimbursement process, and the low amount of compensation resulted in only 26.6% of the population believing that the economic burden of the disease had been reduced, and 57.3% that the relief effect was not obvious. The remaining 16.1% thought the system was ineffective and farmers' satisfaction was not enough. Conclusion: Compared with the eastern and central regions, there was a certain degree of unfairness in government investment in the resources of medical institutions of the western region with new rural cooperative medical care. This study suggested that policy makers can attract high-quality medical staff to the western region by providing economic security and improving policies. In addition, the increase of the government regional health expenditure and supervision propaganda was one of the important ways to improve the farmers' satisfaction with the policy.
Health Related Quality of Life in Patients with Crohn's Disease: A case control Study
Authors: AlQahtani Manar , AlHarbi Reema , AlAsmari Reem , AlNowaiser Lamya , AlThunayan Ebtehal , Alzaben Abeer Salman
Published: February 2020

Background The study objective was to compare health-related quality of life (HRQoL) between participants with Crohn's Disease (CD) and healthy controls (CONs). Methods A case-control study was conducted in adults with CD and CONs in Saudi Arabia (aged between 18-60 years). Sociodemographic data (age, sex, age at diagnosis) were collected. The following additional information was collected for the CD group: the onset of disease, treatment, and symptomology associated with CD. The validated Arabic version of the SF-36 was used to assess HRQoL. Results The study included 109 CD patients and 370 CON participants. Participants with CD had significantly lower HRQoL scores in the physical functioning [CD=75 (50-90) vs CON=85 (60-95)], role physical [CD=50 (0-100) vs CON=100 (50-100)], role emotional [CD=67 (0-100) vs CON= 67 (33-100)], vitality [CD= 50 (30-58) vs CON=50 (40-60)], social functioning [CD=63 (50-75) vs CON=75 (50-88)], bodily pain [CD=70 (45-90) vs CON=80 (68-100)], general health [CD=55 (40-65) vs CON=65 (55-75)], physical [CD=63 (52-75), vs CON=75 (63-85)], and mental domains [CD=51 (32-69) vs CON=63 (55-72)] than the CON group (p<0.02). In the CD group, participants with loss of appetite had lower HRQoL scores in the physical functioning [loss appetite=60 (40-80) vs no loss appetite=83 (65-90)], role physical [loss appetite=25 (0-75) vs no loss appetite=50 (25-100)], social functioning [loss appetite=63 (50-75) vs no loss appetite=75 (50-88)], physical [loss appetite=57 (45-68) vs no loss appetite=69 (56-78)], and mental domains [loss appetite=47 (30-67) vs no loss appetite=59 (44-72)] than participants without loss of appetite (p<0.04). Conclusion Individuals with CD had lower HRQoL than CON participants. Loss of appetite is associated with a lower HRQoL score.
Time-course and factors affecting movement control in acute low back pain: A prospective cohort study in a primary care setting
Authors: Hofstetter Angela , Pfeiffer Fabian , Meichtry André , Luomajoki Hannu , Hotz-Boendermaker Sabina
Published: February 2020

Background: A subgroup of low back pain (LBP) patients present with movement control impairment (MCI). Although there has been extensive research in this area, there is a lack of knowledge of how movement control develops over time and the factors that impact MCI after an acute LBP-episode. Objective : The investigation followed the time-course of MCI in the first three months after an onset of acute LBP-episode, including a baseline-effect evaluation of various demographic, physical and psychosocial characteristics on MCI. Methods : Within this prospective cohort study, 68 subjects with an acute onset of LBP of less than four weeks duration were recruited. In conclusion, 56 subjects were assessed three times at four, eight and twelve weeks. Questionnaire data was collected using an online survey, including demographic data, pain intensity, recurrence of LBP, disability, depression, pain-related activity patterns, activity level and the use of physiotherapy treatment. In addition, a physical examination was performed at the same time points (TP) to assess MCI. For the data analysis, we performed a regression analysis, using proportional odds models. Results : The majority of the participants presented with MCI during the measurement period, although with highly individual courses. The evaluation of baseline and time effects for disability, pain-related activity patterns and physical treatment confirmed interactions with MCI. In contrast, pain intensity and recurrent episodes of LBP revealed effects on MCI only in the adjusted model in combination with other variables. Conclusions : MCI plays a significant role in a subgroup of subjects in the course of LBP after an acute onset of symptoms. Physiotherapy treatment showed short time effects on MCI and might be essential in stratified care in a primary care setting. Further longitudinal studies are needed to assess the association of those different physical and psychosocial characteristics of MCI to calculate their time-interaction on MCI. This is due to the multidimensional nature of LBP and the underlying mechanisms of MCI still being unidentified.
Antibacterial Activities of Essential Oil and Fractions of Ethanolic extract of Echinops kebericho Tuber
Authors: Deyno Serawit , Hope Derick , Ba Joel PhD , Makonnen Eyasu , Alele Paul E.
Published: February 2020

Background: Echinops kebericho is an endemic medicinal plant in Ethiopia traditionally used for treatment of various infectious diseases through different routes of administration such as inhalation, orally chewed, and topically sprayed to affected area. This study investigated antibacterial activity of the essential oil (EO) and the different fractions of ethanolic extract of Echinops kebericho tuber.Results: MIC of EO ranged from 78.125 µg/ml – 625 µg/ml and it was most active against methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA, NCTC 12493). Ethyl acetate fraction showed better activity against MRSA (NCTC 12493), MIC = 39.075 µg/ml followed by E. faecalis (ATCC 49532), MIC = 78.125 µg/ml and was least active against K. pneumonia (ATCC 700603), MIC = 1250 µg/ml. MIC of hexane fraction ranged from 156.2- µg/ml to E. faecalis (ATCC 49532) to 1250 µg/ml to E. coli (NCTC 11954). Chloroform fraction MIC ranged from 312.5 - 2500µg/ml; while butanol fraction could be considered pharmacologically inactive as its MIC value is 2500 µg/ml for all and no activity shown for E. coli (NCTC 11954). The MIC of DMSO against all strains ranged 12.5- 25 % w/v. The MIC estimated by OD measurement correlated well with that of resazurin assay method.Conclusion: Essential oil and ethyl acetate fraction showed noteworthy antibacterial activity, and MRSA was the most susceptible strain. Further study, however, should be done to investigate the effect on the isolated active component(s).
AMH as an ovarian function predictor in premenopausal female breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy is effective only for those over 35 years old
Authors: Li Xiaolin , Liu Sixuan , Ma Lisi , Chen Xuan , Weng Huaiyu , Huang Run , Yu Yang , Xia Xianghou , ZONG XIANGYUN
Published: February 2020

Background The predicting value of AMH for ovarian dysfunction after chemotherapy is controversial. This study is designed to evaluate the value of serum AMH clinically and theoretically. Patients, animals and methods We detected the serum estradiol, FSH and AMH in 144 pre-menopausal women with breast cancer receiving cyclophosphamide-based chemotherapy. The differences of hormones before and after chemotherapy were compared; the correlations among the hormones and amenorrhea, menstrual recovery were analyzed. In addition, serum AMH was detected randomly in 177 normal healthy women and 36 normal female C57BL/6J mice of different ages, meanwhile the status of ovary follicles was observed. Furthermore, 72 Balb/c nude mice with breast cancer were randomly assigned to three groups with different dosage of CTX (control, 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg), the alterations of serum AMH and ovary follicles were recorded and analyzed. Results Chemotherapy induced amenorrhea was associated with pre-chemo AMH level, E2 level and FSH level (P <0.0001). Recovery of menstruation was associated with pre-chemo AMH level (P <0.0001) but not E2 and FSH level (P >0.05). In breast cancer patients received chemotherapy, the serum AMH did not differ significantly between pre- and post- chemotherapy in patients younger than 35 years old (P>0.05), while dramatic decline was detected in patients over 35 years old (P<0.0001). In healthy women, the AMH level sharply declined after 35 years old ( P <0.0001) and remained relatively stable in early age. Similar results were obtained in normal mice experiments. The cancer-bearing mice exposed to 200mg/kg CTX endured significant decline of AMH levels and remarkable decrease of primordial and growing follicles (P <0.0001) Conclusion Our results indicate that AMH is effective for predicting post-chemo ovarian function only in premenopausal female breast cancer patients over 35 years old.
The Geopolitical Origins of the Crimean War (1853-1856) and the Secret Russian-Iranian Negotiations
Authors: Ter-Oganov Nugzar K.
Published: February 2020

The Crimean War of 1853-1856 is regarded as one of the bloodiest wars in the history of XIX century. Many authors dedicated their research for studying the military and political backgrounds of the Crimean War. It is notable that according to the Western (mainly, the British) historical tradition, as well as to the Soviet historiography, based on the Marxist ideology, the only person who was solely responsible for the origin of the Crimean War was the Russian Emperor Nicolai I. Nevertheless, as it becomes clear from the short analyses of the political situation in Europe in the prewar period, the clash of geopolitical interests of the leading European Empires, including France, and Ottoman Empire from one side, with the Russian Empire from another, eventually laid down the grounds for war. For the purpose to guarantee safety on the Russian-Iranian border and at the same time to avoid rendering any possible military support to Ottoman Empire by Qajar Iran, Russia offered the Iranian authorities to conclude a military alliance. The Russian-Iranian diplomatic negotiations, started in May 1853, led to the signing in Tehran, in September 1854 of the secret “Convention of Neutrality”, according to which Iran declared the non-interference policy in the Crimean War. As a reward for the signing of that convention Russia promised Iran not to recover the last payment of the known contribution, equal to a half million tumans, which Iran had to pay to Russia.
Keywords: The Crimean War of 1853-1856, the Status of the Black Sea, the Straits of Bosphorus and Dardanelles, the Paris Treaty of 1856, the Russian-Iranian Secret Negotiations in 1853-1854, the Iranian Convention of Neutrality of 1854.
COORDINATION OF INTERESTS IN THE BUDGET POLICY OF THE RUSSIAN REGIONS
Authors: Levina V. V.
Published: February 2020

Modern regional and municipal budgetary policy is characterized with the high level of centralization of the budgetary system. In order to search the internal reserves to improve budgetary policy at the territorial level, it’s interesting to consider it in the context of identifying and harmonizing the interests of territorial authorities, population and business. The paper considers the opportunities of coordinating the interests of territorial authorities and the population in the framework of such financial interaction mechanisms as self-taxation of citizens and initiative budgeting and also analyzes the use of “budgets for citizens” as a possible tool of information impact on the interests of residents. The author characterizes subjective factors, affecting the content of interests and analyzes certain aspects of the behavior finance concept as the basis for the investigation of these interests. The analysis made it possible to identify the contradictions in the interests of the territorial authorities, population and business structures and outline the ways for their harmonization.
STABILITY OR DEVELOPMENT: WHAT CAN ENSURE TODAY THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF RUSSIA?
Authors: Karavaeva I. V. , Ivanov E. A.
Published: February 2020

Today in Russia pension, tax, credit and other financial initiatives of the government significantly change economic and social norms for the population. The latter forms contradictions and risks of the current financial policy of the government, which constrain the solution of the problem of «achieving growth rates above those of the world» and reduce the level of political stability in the society. This requires a thorough study of the directions of financial policy, within which has formed a number of significant obstacles  to the solution of social, economic, innovative and other strategic objectives of the development of our country and its regions. On the basis of statistical analysis, the article substantiates why modern budget concept is not focused on the creation of the necessary conditions for the development of “breakthrough” growth rates of Russian economy. The paper shows what defects and contradictions of the current system of budget regulation hinder the implementation of the tasks of ensuring economic and national security of the country. The authors prove the basic directions of reforming the current budget concept of the RF Government.
THE ROLE OF THE HIGH-TECHNOLOGICAL SECTOR IN RUSSIA’S REVIVAL (MACRO-MESO-LEVEL APPROACH TO THE REGULATION)
Authors: Neshitoy A. S.
Published: February 2020

The results of Russia’s economic activity over the years of its reform, the indicators of economic development of the regions allow us to conclude that the liberal market approach to economic management has completely discredited itself. The current state of the Russian economy requires a revision of the previously established model of its reforming. A new model should be primarily focused on the new industrialization, the priority revival of the high-technological sector of the economy as the main goal of industrial policy. The author proves that the revival of the industrial potential of the country should be provided on the basis of scientific-based Strategy of innovative development and system-dialectical approach to economic management, which is based on the strengthening of economic and social functions of the state, on the usage of planning and economic mechanisms of state regulation.
INITIATIVE BUDGETING IN THE SYSTEM OF SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Odintsova A. V.
Published: February 2020

The institution of initiative or participatory budgeting is considered today as the most important prerequisite for increasing the participation of population and business in determining the directions of budgetary resources’ spending and hence in the development of local selfgovernment. To day considerable experience in initiative and participatory budgeting has been accumulated both in Russia and in foreign countries. Taking into account historical features and specific problems, facing a particular territory, various mechanisms of this institution are used. The article deals with the specifics of this form of budgeting and the problems it allows to solve. Basing on the analysis of Russian and foreign experience, the author comes to the conclusion concerning the need of further development of this institution on the basis of the formation of the necessary legislative framework.
MAIN TRENDS OF THE EXECUTION OF REGIONAL BUDGETS IN 2018
Authors: Lykova L. N.
Published: February 2020

In the process of the execution of consolidated budgets of the subjects of Federation in 2018  here were such positive events as strong revenues’ growth, significant budget surplus indicators in the most of the regions and the total reduction of the debt burden. But all these events did not lead to the evident growth of real incomes of the population. Profit tax revenues grew most significantly in the past year due to the increasing energy prices. Federal grants to the budgets of subjects of the Russian Federation increased considerably. The latter took place together with the shift from the goal-oriented kinds of support to regions (subsidies, subventions and other transfers) to the non-conditional kinds of grants. In the same time these is a shift from formalized to non-formalized categories of grants. In 2018 Russian regions succeeded to preserve the tendency towards the increase of the social expenditures. Significant volumes of consolidated budget surplus of several regions are a matter of grave concern because the high level of budget surplus exists in these regions together with serious decrease of real incomes of the population.
FISCAL POLICY OF RUSSIA IN THE PERIOD OF ECONOMIC GROWTH SLOWDOWN AND THE RESULTS OF 2018
Authors: Bukina I. S.
Published: February 2020

Traditionally, one of the objectives of fiscal policy is smoothing the effects of fluctuations in business activity. In this connection, in the periods of recession, there should be a stimulating policy, and in the periods of recovery – restraining policy. Fiscal policy in Russia, as it’s shown in the article, is primarily procyclical. During the 2015 recession, according to the  calculations using multipliers, government spending contributed to the reduction of GDP rather than to the support of its growth. Later, despite a significant increase in the revenues of the expanded government budget and the shift in priorities from defense and security financing to social sphere, the effect of the increase in budget expenditures turned out to be negative. The article also discusses the state of the budget sphere following the results of 2018, which showed the restoration of economic growth.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE MECHANISM OF SELECTION OF SUBSOIL PLOTS TO TRANSFER TO TAX ON ADDITIONAL INCOME FROM THE EXTRACTION OF HYDROCARBONS
Authors: BAHTIZINA Nafisa V. BAHTIZINA Nafisa V. BAHTIZINA Nafisa V. , Khabriev B. R.
Published: February 2020

Since 2019, in pilot mode (a list of pilot projects — 35 subsoil plots, the volume of production of which is about 4% of Russia’s annual oil production), a federal tax on additional income from the extraction of hydrocarbon raw materials (TAI) has come into effect. TAI refers to tax mechanisms based on economic results, in contrast to the current mineral extraction tax, where taxable items are gross indicators of the amount or cost of hydrocarbons produced. The transition from tax mechanisms based on gross figures to taxation based on economic results has been the global trend of the last fifty years. TAI can be an effective tax incentive mechanism that can ensure the involvement in the development of low-margin hydrocarbon reserves in the current taxation, as well as the introduction of promising methods to increase oil recovery. Currently, according to the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, the TAI can be applied to IV groups of subsoil plots (indicating their location and the degree of depletion of reserves). At the same time, the selection criteria for these plots do not fully take into account the tasks facing the state (budget, public, technological, etc.). Considering that the Ministry of Finance of Russia, based on the results of the implementation of pilot projects, envisages a gradual transition of the oil industry to TAI, an urgent task is to improve the selection mechanism of mining projects to provide this tax preference, including by developing a comprehensive system of selection criteria and a transparent methodology for ranking projects. The proposed approach to competitive selection of subsoil plots for transfer to TAI is based on weighted sum and combinatorial optimization methods.
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS OF INNOVATION ACTIVITY DEVELOPMENT IN THE ECONOMIC SPACE OF THE MACRO-REGION
Authors: Nikitskaya E. F. , Mkhitaryan S. V. , Astapenko M. S.
Published: February 2020

The main strategic goal of the state is the transition to an innovative socially oriented type of economic development. In this regard, the study of factors influencing the results of innovation in the real sector of the economy is a necessary tool of territorial administration. In the presented article the cluster analysis of regions of the Central Federal District (hereinafterthe CENTER) with use of Varda method on five groups of integral factors, characterized by indicators of solvent demand of the population, is carried out. Financial and economic potential, information and communication infrastructure, innovative potential and innovative production. The conducted cluster analysis revealed the conditions under which innovation activity and destructive features of functioning of regional innovative systems of the central Federal District are carried out. In the course of the study it was established that, first, the analyzed regions are characterized by differentiation in development on all groups of indicators, secondly, there is a “gap” between the innovative potential and efficiency of innovative production, Thirdly, there is no correlation between socio-economic and innovative parameters. In particular, with high socio-economic indicators, Moscow has a relatively low value specific the indicator of innovative production. This situation requires the development of a set of measures to improve the efficiency of the use of innovative potential, the introduction of programs to increase innovation activity, as well as the elimination of imbalances between levels Socio-economic and innovative development.
PARADOXES OF REGRESSIVE MODERNIZATION AND EXPORT OF RUSSIAN INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Orekhovsky P. A.
Published: February 2020

In Russia, the topic of modernization continues to be relevant. The government, the parliament, the opposition, and the scientific community regard it as an urgent task. The process of economic growth, which began in the 00s, is viewed as recovery after the USSR catastrophe, and the modernization project is associated with the construction of the Russian analogue of the Western “welfare society”, in many ways resembling old dreams of “socialism with a human face”. But there are various options for modernization. In the 1980-s S. Hall proposed the concept of regressive modernization for characterize the policy of the government of M. Thatcher. This concept allows a much better understanding of the history of the 1990s and the current economic policy in Russia. The specific paradox of regressive modernization is that the Russian center-right government conducts elements of neoliberal politics in combination with state paternalism and even populism. Elements of social archaics, such as clericalism and national autonomy, which enjoy separate legal regimes within the Federation, remind us of a flexible imperial political system. The export of traditionalism and paternalism, which at the same time look like a modern institutional design, is the basis of Russian “soft power”. This creates opportunities for increasing profitable trade and economic cooperation with countries of both left orientation and preserving autocratic, right-wing conservative political regimes.
RUSSIAN INDUSTRIAL PARKS AS NATURAL INSTITUTES OF DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Ivanova L. N.
Published: February 2020

The numerous development institutions created in Russia in general economic terms are not yet sufficiently effective. Now, not only serious work is needed to improve the legal and regulatory framework of their functioning, but also to develop practices for influencing strategic areas of the economy with their help. The problem of establishing the interaction of development institutions with each other is also acute. Against the background of dissatisfaction with the activities of the vast majority of artificially engineered Russian development institutions, it is very favorably allocated industrial parks. Industrial parks are, in fact, the natural development institutions, because, firstly, private capital is actively involved in their creation, and, secondly, the initiative to create parks itself comes from “bottom”, i.e. comes from business, municipal and regional authorities. An analysis of various sources of information (data from the Geoinformation System of Industrial Parks of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation, the Association of Industrial Parks of Russia and the industrial real estate business company TBI Group) shows that in Russian regions there is interest in the creation of industrial parks from business and local authorities. Based on theanalysis of available data, the paper concludes that skillful support for the rising industry of industrial parks can be very effective in socio-economic terms, since at a relatively low budget costs the real sector of Russian regions can receive a strong development stimulus.
REGINAL BUDGETS IN THE FIRST QUARTER OF 2019: IS THERE GROWTH POTENTIAL?
Authors: Lykova L. N.
Published: February 2020

There has been an increase of the RF subjects consolidated budgets revenues in the first quarter of 2019. It takes place together with the slowdown in economic growth. The basis of this budget revenue growth was formed by corporate income tax receipts (results of final calculations of previous year), personal income tax and excise. In contrast to the Federal budget, the subjects of the Russian Federation used most of the revenue growth to increase  funding at the beginning of the year. Тhus, in the first quarter of the year, the priorities for the consolidated budgets of the subjects of the Russian Federation were education, social policy and housing and communal services. At the same time, the volume of investments in fixed capital at the expense of regional budgets has significantly decreased, largely determining the overall dynamics of this indicator. The problem of budget deficits remains for several Russian regions despite the positive dynamics of revenues. It requires restraining the growth of key budget expenditures.
STATE CUSTOMERS’ PROCUREMENT ACTIVITY RATING EVALUATION SYSTEM OF VORONEZH REGION
Authors: Nikiforova L. V. , Goncharov E. N.
Published: February 2020

In conditions of regional segment development of procurement contract system monitoring of procurement process and digitalization of the efficiency of each single customer as an element of a holistic system become very relevant. Complex method of Russian subjects’ state customers’ procurement activity evaluation allows to form mechanism reliable management decision making of procurement process enhancement and leveling of difficulties arose at different stages of the state needs meeting. In the Voronezh region procurement monitoring is carried out through the state customers’ procurement activity rating evaluation system which has proven its effectiveness during several years and included in the advanced practices registry of legislation implementation in procurement area of Guild of domestic customers and procurement and sales specialists.
RUSSIAN FISCAL POLICY AND SUSTAINABLE GROWTH OPPORTUNITIES
Authors: Bukina I. S.
Published: February 2020

One of the necessary conditions for sustainable development is the public finance stability. The policy of financial consolidation, which has been actively pursued since the 1980s, is designed to balance the budget and the debt burden so as not to expose future generations to the risk of lowering living standards. However, such a policy often becomes an obstacle to economic growth. In accordance with the concept of progressive financial consolidation, a fiscal capacity should be created, which is used to reduce the tax burden and increase budget expenditures that stimulate economic growth. Analysis of the tax burden showed that the policy of financial consolidation conducted in Russia in 2015–2018 did not stimulate the development of the sector oriented to the domestic market. Thus, fiscal policy did not meet the objectives of sustainable development.
AN OVERVIEW OF THE GLOBAL MORTGAGE MARKETS
Authors: Kovacs L. , Pasztor S.
Published: February 2020

As the population of the world continues to grow and living standards continue to improve, we must find an adequate solution for housing issues. The first part of this paper tries to shed more light on the drawbacks and the past anomalies of the world mortgage market. We observe different continents and try to point out the main causes behind the bottlenecks of mortgage markets. The reasons vary across countries but some similarities emerge, such as that in the initial period repayment places a huge financial burden on households.
A Clinical Review on Nutritional Requirements and Assessment for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Chronic Renal Disease
Authors: Hassan Nourhan Khaled , Gillani Syed Wasif , Kaoje Aisha Abubakr , Fari Fatima Mufidah , Elashmouny Hisham Mohammed , Sulayman Nasiruddin Muhammad , Mohammadi Negin Ali
Published: February 2020

Background:

A significant correlation exists between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and
chronic kidney disease (CKD), where up to 40% of diabetic patients suffer from CKD as a direct result
of diabetic complications. The management of diabetes in CKD patients can be challenging due to their
need for disease-specific diets, as well as increased risks of complications due to malnutrition, which is
why their dietary needs and nutritional requirements require attention to detail, and have to be assessed
and tailored according to the patient’s needs.

Objectives:

This systematic review aimed to assess nutritional requirements for type 2 diabetes mellitus
patients with chronic renal failure.

Methods:

In this review, 85 articles were screened, and 22 articles were then analyzed and selected as
per the study criteria. PRISMA guidelines were used to select and screen the articles. Data search included
a PubMed search using MeSH terms, and a literature review through the Cochrane library and
the British Medical Journal.

Results:

The study highlighted the important nutrients and minerals needed to be maintained within a
specified range in accordance with the patient’s needs and conditions. In addition, dietary restrictions
must be set to prevent disease progression and deterioration. Dietary intake in hemodialysis patients
must be carefully calculated based on their needs, with tight monitoring of their blood glucose. Protein
intake in hemodialysis patients should be determined based on risk-to-benefit ratios.

Conclusion:

: Dietary requirements should be individualized based on the patient’s disease severity and
progression. Assessment of the patient’s previous and current diet, as well as matching it with their dietary
requirements and preferences is crucial.
Menakar moralitas elit politik melalui kontrak politik
Authors: Nasiwan Nasiwan
Published: February 2020

Before the General Election to choose the legislative members, that is held on April 5, 2005 and President General Election, that is held on June 5 and September 20, 2004, there was a political phenomenon, which then popularly said "a political contract. " The political contract was initiated by some elements of 'the civil society', which were the important components of the political power of pro-reform community. Looking at the cultural side, the existence of the political contract in the development of Indonesian politics implied that there was a change in cognitive, affective and evaluation  orientation of some of Indonesian people in their attitudes and political habits to be more rational.  The emergence of the more-rational political orientation was also pushed by the previous political experience of ''being betrayed by the political elite ', just like in 1999 General Election at the reform era. The chance also rose after the changes in the system of General Election that introduced the district and proportional system, and the direct president election that rose up the important of people's vote and aspiration. The changes had pushed the political elites to approach the people, fit themselves with the people's rhythm and dynamism, including the aspiration for political transparency and political accountability by willing to sign the political contract.
Telaah kritis terhadap masyarakat madani (civil society)
Authors: Suharno Suharno
Published: February 2020

Discourse about civil society is almost being a main topic at any conversations beside topics of httman rights, democracy, reforms and globalization. Civil society is a kind of society which are open, plttralzstic, decentralized with a massive partiapation on politic activities, honest,fair, selfhelp, harmony, gttarantee the freedom of faith, speaking, making or involving in a union, expressing themselves, of the property rights and respect btanan rights. The realization needs process and time and commitment from all citizen to riform themselves totaly and always consistent and wise to react on deniable conflict.