bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
XVIII. YÜZYILDA MARAŞ'IN SOSYAL HAYATINDA ERMENİLER
Authors: Soydemir Ümmet
Published: November 2024

Ermenilerin, MÖ 13. Yüzyılda Hitit İmparatorluğu’nun çöküşünü takiben meydana gelen Frig göçleriyle Kimmerlerin Urartu işgali arasında Urartu bölgesine geldikleri kabul edilmektedir. Urartuların zayıflamasıyla bölgeye hâkim olan Ermeniler, bölgenin ticaret yollarının kavşak noktası olmasından dolayı uzun yıllar Bizans, İran ve Arap imparatorluklarının hakimiyeti altında naharar adı verilen krallarına tabi olarak yarı feodal bir yapıda yaşamışlardır. Bizans İmparatorluğunun bölgeyi istila ve ilhak politikasıyla bu bölgede yaşayan Ermenilerin bir kısmı önce İç Anadolu’ya ve oradan da Çukurova bölgesine göçe zorlanmışlardır. Bu göçler neticesinde Çukurova bölgesinde Ermeni nüfusunun yoğunluğu artmış ve nihayetinde Kilikya Ermeni Baronluğu kurulmuştur. Maraş ve çevresinde Ermeniler tarafından kurulan ilk siyasi teşekkül, Philaretos Brakhomios’un tesis ettiği prensliktir. Bizans ordusu kumandanlarından olan Philaretos, Malazgirt savaşında yenilen Romanos Diogenes’in tahtan indirilmesinden sonra Maraş’a gelmiştir. Anadolu’daki otorite boşluğundan istifade eden Philaretos, bölgedeki haydut Ermeni çetelerini kendi etrafında toplamış ve küçük bir prenslik kurmuştur. Maraş ve çevresi Selçuklu Devleti hakimiyetine girdikten sonra ihtida ederek müslüman olan Philaretos’a şehrin yönetimi Melikşah tarafından geri verilmiştir. 1104 yılında Haçlı işgaline uğrayan Maraş ve çevresi 1149’da I. Mesud’un hükümdarlığı döneminde Türkiye Selçukluları topraklarına katılmıştır. Anadolu coğrafyası XI. Yüzyıldan itibaren başlayan fetihlerle Türkleşmiş, Ermeniler hâkim unsur olan Türklerle bir arada yaşamaya başlamıştır. Bu durum ise iki toplum arasındaki karşılıklı kültürel etkileşimi beraberinde getirmiştir. Osmanlı döneminde Ermeniler ve Türkler arasındaki kültürel etkileşim başta şerʻiyye sicilleri olmak üzere Şikâyet ve Ahkâm defterlerindeki hükümlerden okunabilmektedir. Bu defterlerde Ermenilerin devletle ve müslüman ahaliyle olan münasebetlerine dair yüzlerce örnek bulunmaktadır. Maraş’ın XVIII. yüzyıldaki şerʻiyye sicilleri günümüze kadar gelememiştir. Ancak Divân-ı Humâyûn Şikâyet Kalemi defterlerinden Şikâyet ve Ahkâm defterlerindeki çok sayıdaki hüküm Ermenilerin XVIII. yüzyıl Maraş’ında devletle ve Müslüman ahaliyle olan münasebetlerine dair bir çerçeve çizmeye imkân vermektedir. Bu defterler davalarına Maraş mahkemesinde çözüm bulamayan, haksızlığa uğradıkları iddialarıyla Divân’a müracaat eden Ermenilerin ve müslümanların arzuhallerini üzerine Maraş’ın adli ve idari görevlilerine gönderilen emirleri ihtiva etmektedir. Bu emirler, kendi kethüdalarını seçme hakları olan Ermenilerin çoğunlukla Müslümanlarla aynı mahallelerde yaşadıklarını, şehrin ileri gelenleriyle yakın ilişki kurduklarını, ortak ticari faaliyetlerde bulunduklarını, mahkemelerde bir müslümanı vekil olarak tayin ettiklerini hatta Müslümanlarca tesis edilen vakıf müesseselerde görevlendirildiklerini göstermektedir.
ANTHONY JENKİNSON’UN GÖZÜNDEN TATAR ÜLKELERİNDEKİ RUS İŞGALİ
Authors: Yeşilyurt İbrahim
Published: November 2024

Anthony Jenkinson, İngiliz Moskova Şirketine bağlı olarak 1558 yılında Rusya, Tataristan ve Türkistan
bölgelerini gezmiş, Kazan ve Astrahan gibi Ruslar tarafından kısa bir süre önce işgal edilmiş Tatar ülkelerine
uğrayarak, bu ülkelerdeki halkın yaşadığı yıkım, ölüm ve diğer felaketler hakkında önemli bilgiler vermiştir. Bu
bilgilerin yanı sıra Osmanlı, Safevî ve diğer Türk ülkelerinin kültürel yaşamlarına dair bilgilere de yer vermiştir.
1553’te Halep’te bulunduğu sırada Kanuni Sultan Süleyman ve ordusunun geçişine şahit olmuş ve gördüklerini
ayrıntılı biçimde aktarmıştır. Ayrıca burada bulunduğu sırada şahsı için ticarî imtiyazlar almıştır ki bu durum
İngiltere ve Osmanlı ilişkilerinin başlangıcı açısından önem arz etmektedir. İngiltere, XVI. yüzyılda Rusya ile
ticarî ve diplomatik ilişkiler kurmak arayışında olmuş, İspanya ve Portekiz’le rekabet içinde olduğundan Çin’e
gidecek alternatif yolları keşfetmek istemiştir. Bu bağlamda Kuzey Buz Denizi veya Rusya üzerinden Çin’e
ulaşılabileceğini varsayarak, çeşitli kaşifleri bölgeye yollamıştır. Bu kaşiflerden biri olan Anthony Jenkinson, 1557
yılında Rusya’dan Çine doğru yolculuğa çıkmış ve yol üstünde gördüklerini kayıtlara geçirmiştir. Buhara’da
sonlanan gezinin ayrıntıları, yazdığı anılar, mektuplar ve haritalar ile günümüze kadar ulaşmıştır. Rus, Tatar,
Nogay, Türkmen ve Özbek Türklerine dair kendi bakış açısından bilgiler veren Jenkinson, döneme dair önemli
kaynaklardan biri sayılmaktadır.
Advancing oncology care: The intersection of pharmacological therapies, nursing support, and laboratory diagnostics
Authors: Alanazi Ali Jamal , Alreshidi Mohammad Saud , Alyamani Ibrahim Mohammed , Alotibi Fares Saad N , Almutairi Nawal Hayef Bejad
Published: November 2024

Background: Oncology care has witnessed significant advancements, necessitating a multidisciplinary approach that integrates pharmacological therapies, nursing support, and laboratory diagnostics. Pharmacological innovations such as targeted therapies and immunotherapies have transformed treatment paradigms, while nursing interventions and advanced diagnostics play critical roles in enhancing patient outcomes. Despite these advances, the intersection of these disciplines requires further exploration to optimize cancer care. Aim: This paper aims to examine the convergence of pharmacological therapies, nursing practices, and laboratory diagnostics in advancing oncology care. It seeks to evaluate how these domains collectively contribute to improved precision, patient-centered care, and clinical outcomes. Methods: A systematic review of recent literature, including clinical trials, meta-analyses, and case studies, was conducted. Relevant data from PubMed, Google Scholar, and oncology-specific journals were synthesized to assess innovations and interdisciplinary applications in oncology care. Results: Findings underscore the critical interplay among these fields. Pharmacological advancements, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and biomarker-driven therapies, have improved survival rates. Nursing interventions such as symptom management and psychosocial support enhance adherence and quality of life. Laboratory diagnostics, including liquid biopsies and genetic profiling, enable personalized care and early detection of resistance or recurrence.
Interprofessional Education (IPE)
Authors: Alotaibi Naif Munif Aldumayki , Alharbi Saleh Helayyil Saleh , Alghofaily Faisal Mohammed , Barak Talal Mohammed Nahs Bin , Al-Khaldi Nahar Khalif , Barak Talal Muhammad Bin
Published: November 2024

Background: Interprofessional Education (IPE) has emerged as a pivotal strategy in addressing the fragmented nature of healthcare delivery. By fostering collaboration among disciplines such as Pharmacy, Nursing, and Medical Laboratory Science, IPE bridges gaps in communication, enhances teamwork, and improves patient outcomes. Despite its recognized potential, the integration of IPE into healthcare education faces challenges related to implementation, sustainability, and evaluation. Aim: This paper aims to explore the theoretical underpinnings, implementation strategies, and outcomes of IPE programs, with a focus on their impact on interdisciplinary collaboration among Pharmacy, Nursing, and Medical Laboratory professionals. Methods: A systematic review of recent studies, case reports, and institutional initiatives was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of IPE. Data were collected from peer-reviewed journals, healthcare education reports, and surveys. Key metrics included improvements in teamwork, patient safety, and professional competency. Qualitative data from case studies and participant interviews were also analyzed to capture experiential insights. Results: Findings indicate that IPE significantly enhances interdisciplinary communication and reduces errors in patient care. Participants reported increased understanding of roles and responsibilities across professions. Case studies highlighted successful implementation of IPE in both academic and clinical settings, though challenges such as logistical barriers and resistance to change persist.
Can priming a concept affect how intensely people feel? Exploring the connection between sense of control and fear
Authors: Stollenwerk Leann
Published: November 2024

Evidence suggests that perceived control (the extent to which one believes they can exert influence over their environment) can predict fear levels, and studies reveal a causal relationship exists between low control and increased fear. These studies test effects by manipulating participant control, assuming this to shift perception of a stimulus. Kaufmann and Neumann (2019) claim that a priming paradigm can activate low control to cause fear, however, their results were not statistically significant. The current study tested Kaufmann and Neumann’s hypothesis to see if a low control prime could significantly increase fear responding. Adults (N = 96) completed a fragmented word task which either primed high or low control or featured no prime, followed by exposure to a short clip from a horror movie. Fear scores were obtained at pre-test and post-test using an adapted Differential Emotions Scale (DES). Results revealed no effect of priming, so do not support the claims of Kaufmann and Neumann (2019). The researcher concludes that there is no clear evidence that a low control prime can cause fear arousal effects and suggest that priming is not the best method for cross-context learning. Future research should be cautious about the application of priming paradigms when investigating cross-context effects.
Impact of Water Infrastructure, Home Ownership, and Educational Facilities on Economic Growth in East Java
Authors: Supiandi Supiandi
Published: November 2024

This study examines the influence of three key infrastructure variables—water facilities, home ownership, and educational infrastructure—on economic growth in East Java, Indonesia, from 2015 to 2018. Using panel data regression analysis, the study explores both short-term and long-term impacts of these variables on economic output, measured by GRDP at constant prices. The fixed effect model results indicate that water infrastructure positively and significantly influences economic growth, while educational infrastructure shows a positive but marginally significant effect. Conversely, home ownership infrastructure has a significant negative impact on GRDP. These findings suggest that while water and educational infrastructure are vital drivers of regional economic development, policies should address inefficiencies related to home ownership to ensure balanced growth. The study underscores the critical role of infrastructure investment in driving economic performance in developing regions
Manajemen Diri Lansia Degan Hipertensi
Authors: Bardian Ahmad , Pefbrianti Diana
Published: November 2024

Pendahuluan: Hipertensi atau tekanan darah tinggi adalah kondisi yang banyak diderita oleh masyarakat. Manajemen diri pada penderita hipertensi meliputi kontrol tekanan darah dan pengobatan, perbaiki gaya hidup dan pencegahan terhadap komplikasi yang akan terjadi, pola makan dan umur serta kurangnya aktivitas fisik pada lansia cenderung memiliki status risiko kardiovaskular dan stress psikologi absolut lebih tinggi serta kepatuhan dalam minum obat dan kurangnya interaksi dengan tenaga kesehatan juga menjadi sebab terjadinya manajemen diri.
Tujuan: Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui manajemen diri lansia dengan hipertensi.
Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan populasi 811 orang dan sampel 99 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah consecutive sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner
Hasil: Kesejahteraan psikologis yang berada pada kategori tinggi sebanyak 44 responden (37,3%), kesejahteraan psikologis yang berada pada kategori sedang sebanyak 53 responden (44,9%), dan kesejahteraan psikologis yang berada pada kategori rendah sebanyak 21 responden (17,8%).
Kesimpulan: Dari penelitian ini diperolah hasil dari 90 responden dalam kategori cukup dan dari 5 indikator manajemen diri didapatkan di indikator pertama yaitu integritas diri dari kategori kurang.
Saran: Untuk peneliti selanjutnya bisa mengembangkan kembali intervensi yang bisa diberikan agar manajemen diri lansia menjadi lebih baik
Sentidos da retomada do curso de Michel Foucault em Louvain, em 1981: confissão e práticas pedagógicas
Authors: Pereira David da Silva , Silveira Carlos Roberto da , Carvalho Juciara Guimarães , Nascimento Lucas Paulo Golin Xavier do , Sousa Marcelo Stein de Lima , Bondarik Roberto , Patrício Rômulo Rodrigo de França , Pereira Silvana Dias Cardoso
Published: November 2024

O curso de 1981, ministrado em Louvain-Bélgica entre abril e maio, foi realizado a convite da professora Françoise Tulkens - que mais adiante assumiria a posição de vice-diretora da Corte Europeia de Direitos Humanos por intermédio da Escola de Criminologia da Faculdade de Direito que participava do processo de revisão do Código Penal belga. Michel Foucault ministra uma aula inaugural e seis aulas a respeito da confissão, do dizer a verdade sobre si mesmo por meio da fala a um outro em âmbito institucional, eclesiástico e monástico, bem como mobiliza o pensamento de Cassiano e de outros Pais da Igreja Cristã dos primeiros séculos para problematizar a confissão no processo judiciário. Do eclesiástico ao judiciário é um caminho instigante e tratado, especificamente, na penúltima aula desse Curso. Em setembro de 2024, três grupos de pesquisas associados (GPOPP-UTFPR, GPEFE-USF e o GEDS-EPT-CEFETMG)) promoveram discussões sobre essas sete aulas, além de duas conferências concedidas por Foucault aos professores da Université Catholique de Louvain. A partir das leituras, interpretações, reflexões e diálogos, esses encontros se constituíram um modo de estarmos juntos e de olharmos para a atualidade, especialmente a partir da escola e da sala de aula da Educação Básica e da Educação Superior, de cursos de formação docente inicial e continuada. Em perspectiva, o dizer a verdade sobre si em institucionalização crescente após exercícios filosóficos arcaicos e muito próximos à Filosofia Antiga. Com Sócrates, pitagóricos, estoicos e cínicos, retoma-se essa passagem para explorar as possibilidades e problematizações desse encontro de setembro de 2024 e da prática pedagógica.
O papel da União no ensino primário: atuação de Manoel Bomfim na discussão do projeto Tavares de Lyra (1907-1908)
Authors: Quillici Neto Armindo , Cruz Naasson Barbosa
Published: November 2024

O presente texto pertence ao campo da história dos intelectuais da educação e tem por objetivo apresentar as ações de Manoel Bomfim na Câmara dos Deputados, sobretudo, em relação ao papel da União no ensino primário no projeto Tavares de Lyra (1907-1908). Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental embasada nos conceitos de estratégias e táticas propostos por Certeau (1994); tendo como técnica metodológica a Análise de Conteúdo proposta por Bardin (2016). Dessa forma, inicialmente foi traçado a trajetória acadêmica e profissional de Manoel Bomfim; em seguida, discute-se sua atuação na Câmara dos Deputados durante a tramitação do projeto de reforma da Instrução Pública (1907-1908). Assim, destaca-se que na tramitação do projeto Manoel Bomfim fez um discurso na tribuna da Câmara e apresentou emendas ao projeto. Defendeu, assim como alguns deputados, a intervenção da União no ensino primário e rechaçou os discursos dos deputados contrários a tal interferência. Desse modo, observa-se que Manoel Bomfim, assim como muitos intelectuais e políticos da educação da época, foi atuante na Câmara dos Deputados ao propor a ação da União, desde que acordado com os entes federados, no desenvolvimento e efetivação do ensino primário brasileiro.
Formação dos estudantes de enfermagem: processo de ensino-aprendizagem pós repercussões da pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Serrano Sheron Penha , Silveira Rosemary Silva da , Sena-Castanheira Janaina , Barlem Edison Luiz Devos , Bordignon Simoní Saraiva , Barlem Jamila Geri Tomaschewski , Mendes Vitória Maria dos Santos
Published: November 2024

As discussões acerca do processo de ensino-aprendizagem dos estudantes de enfermagem podem contribuir para a formação de discentes mais críticos e reflexivos, auxiliando no desenvolvimento dos futuros profissionais que, certamente, irão enfrentar diversas tomadas de decisões no cotidiano do trabalho. Assim, após a pandemia de Covid-19, emergiu a necessidade de pesquisar as repercussões que esse contexto incomum causou. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo compreender como ocorreu o processo de ensino-aprendizagem pós repercussões da pandemia da Covid-19 durante a formação dos estudantes de enfermagem. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, descritivo, desenvolvido junto a 57 estudantes de enfermagem matriculados a partir do quarto semestre de uma instituição pública de nível superior, através da aplicação de entrevistas semiestruturadas com perguntas abertas. Para analisar os dados utilizou-se o software Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires e a análise textual discursiva. O estudo somente teve início após a aprovação do Comitê de Ética. Os resultados evidenciados abordam o déficit no retorno presencial relacionado às habilidades práticas, adversidades devido ao foco no ensino remoto e perdas familiares pela Covid, entre outros. Facilidades também foram percebidas, como a existência do Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem e independência no modo de estudar. As repercussões deste estudo destacam a necessidade de ações educativas da instituição para abordar o déficit na aprendizagem mencionado pelos estudantes, visando também a possibilidade de novas pandemias e a adaptação do ensino às novas realidades.
Análise do estudo de impacto ambiental das obras emergenciais para descaracterização da barragem Campo Grande - Mina de Alegria, Mariana/MG
Authors: Aguilar Nubia Aparecida de , Campos Tales Ceniro , Franco Elton Santos , Sulz Tatiana Duarte Ferreira , Sousa Alexssander Ferreira de , Ledo Vaneide da Rocha , Gomes Thais Mayara Rodrigues , Salim Luan Pereira , Lima Bíbian Campos , Silva Junior Francisco de Assis da
Published: November 2024

Objetivou-se neste artigo analisar o Estudo de Impacto Ambiental do projeto de obras emergenciais necessárias para a descaracterização da barragem Campo Grande, localizada na Mina de Alegria, Mariana/MG. Para atingir o proposto, utilizou-se uma abordagem qualitativa e descritiva na análise e avaliação, baseando-se em pesquisas bibliográficas e na legislação ambiental à época e vigente. Foi possível constatar que o estudo atendeu os requisitos mínimos estabelecidos pela legislação ambiental à época da elaboração do documento. Entretanto, o estudo não abordou de forma abrangente alguns aspectos cruciais para a sustentabilidade e mitigação dos impactos ambientais, especialmente relacionados à gestão integrada de resíduos, preservação da biodiversidade e promoção do uso sustentável dos recursos naturais. Além disso, é fundamental considerar as estratégias de manejo e disposição dos resíduos gerados durante a descaracterização de barragens. A gestão adequada desses resíduos é essencial para evitar impactos negativos no ambiente, garantindo a minimização da contaminação e a promoção da reciclagem e reutilização sempre que possível.
Implantação da ferramenta 5S em uma indústria farmacêutica na cidade de Montes Claros/MG: a competência em informação como instrumento de evolução empresarial nos ambientes de alta performance
Authors: Silva Wilian Toneli da , Marques Heráclides Veloso , Rocha Verônica Alkimim , Santos Otil Carlos Dias dos , Oliveira Ramon Alves de , Oliveira Frederico Bida de , Santos Karine Gomes dos , Sena Gilvania Barbosa
Published: November 2024

O trabalho teve como objetivo analisar como a competência em informação pode ser vista como um instrumento de evolução empresarial nos ambientes fabris de alta performance. Estudo de natureza qualitativa, por meio de uma revisão de literatura realizada no Portal de Periódicos da CAPES envolvendo as temáticas, competência em informação, programa 5S e metodologia 5S. Pesquisa de campo com o uso de técnica de observação participante. Diante dos números apresentados, pode-se constatar que 88,88% das técnicas abordadas pela metodologia foram implantadas com êxito. Acrescenta-se a isto que os benefícios alcançados, foram muito além dos números obtidos, pois foi possível verificar diversas mudanças em termos de agregação de conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes. A partir das premissas da competência em informação, como um processo de desenvolvimento de habilidades, atitudes e valores próprios para o alcance de determinado conhecimento, foi possível tecer análises iniciais das formas que a competência em informação pode ser vista como um instrumento de evolução empresarial nos ambientes de alta performance, auxiliando, a implantação de um programa 5S.
The Role of Alarmins in Breast Cancer
Authors: Yuan Kaiqiang , Wang Hu , Zhou Yingming , Li Taolang
Published: November 2024

Breast cancer (BC) remains the most common malignant tumor in women globally, with its incidence and mortality ranking first and second among female cancers, respectively. Despite continuous innovation and progress in modern medicine, current clinical treatment strategies for breast cancer still face high mortality rates. Therefore, developing new therapeutic targets and strategies is urgently needed. Alarmins are a class of endogenous molecules released during non-programmed cell death (such as infection or injury), and they typically serve as early warning signals for the immune system. Early research primarily focused on the role of alarmins in autoimmune and immune-mediated diseases, but recent studies have shown that alarmins also play a crucial role in the development, progression, and therapeutic response of breast cancer. In this review, we will discuss the role of alarmin family members (such as HMGB1, S100A8, S100A9, and IL-33) in breast cancer and their potential as therapeutic targets.
New Targets for Treating Cancer: Copper Death and Copper Accumulation in Cancer Cells
Authors: Li Hongxia , Gao Xue , Zhao Shaofeng , Tian He , Wei Qinfang
Published: November 2024

The accumulation of copper ions plays an important role in the apoptosis of cancer cells. Definition of copper death: Copper death (Cuproptosis) is a new form of programmed cell death caused by excessive copper. Copper ions can participate in multiple cellular signaling pathways and promote the growth and division of cancer cells. Copper ions are involved in angiogenesis, providing nutrients and oxygen for cancer cells and supporting the growth and spread of tumors. Together, they promote the progression of cellular inflammation. Copper ions are related to tumor metastasis and play a certain role in the migration and invasion of cancer cells.
The Impact of MiRNA on the Molecular Mechanisms of Invasion and Metastasis in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Xiao Ketao , Liu Dan , Wu Lin , Zhao Lijin
Published: November 2024

Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant tumor with a poor prognosis. Due to its highly invasive and metastatic characteristics, its five-year survival rate is extremely low. miRNA is a class of non-coding single-stranded RNA molecules with a length of about 20-24 nucleotides encoded by endogenous genes. A large number of studies have shown that miRNA is involved in various regulatory modes such as post-transcriptional gene expression regulation in the process of pancreatic cancer development, metastasis and invasion. MiRNA dysregulation is often observed in cancer, leading to disease progression. More and more studies have revealed specific changes in miRNA expression patterns and how they lead to the development of pancreatic cancer. This article summarizes the current research progress of miRNA in pancreatic cancer invasion and metastasis, providing a theoretical basis and new targets for the early diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Application Progress of MRI-IVIM, T1mapping and T2mapping in Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Diseases
Authors: Zhang Xiong , Zhang Yao , Xiong Hao
Published: November 2024

This article summarizes the application progress of MRI-IVIM, T1mapping, and T2mapping techniques in the diagnosis and treatment of breast diseases. These techniques, leveraging their advantages of being non-radiative, high soft tissue resolution, and multi-functional imaging, provide significant support for the diagnosis of breast diseases. IVIM technology measures the microscopic motion of water molecules to reflect the microcirculatory perfusion of lesions; T1mapping technology measures T1 relaxation time to reveal the physical properties of tissues, aiding in distinguishing different types of breast tissue; T2mapping technology measures T2 relaxation time to reflect changes in the microscopic structure of tissues, providing sensitive indicators for early detection of breast diseases. These techniques can distinguish between benign and malignant lesions, assess the tumor microenvironment, predict breast cancer subtypes, and evaluate treatment efficacy, thus providing a basis for the selection and adjustment of treatment plans. However, these techniques also face challenges such as high costs and limited accessibility, lack of standardized data interpretation, and prolonged examination times that affect patient comfort. Future development directions will focus on the integration of technologies and multi-modal imaging, artificial intelligence and automation, and technological optimization and cost reduction, aiming to achieve personalized diagnosis and precise treatment of breast diseases, thereby improving treatment outcomes and patient quality of life.
PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF NEUROLOGICAL COMPLICATIONS OF DIPHTHERIA
Authors: ALI S , ARSHAD U , SADDIQUE A , ZAHRA N , KHAN KAA , NAQVI SZH
Published: November 2024

Diphtheria remains a significant infectious disease, particularly in unimmunised and partially immunised populations. Neurological complications of diphtheria, though less commonly recognised, can have serious consequences if not promptly identified and treated. Objective: To examine the neurological complications associated with diphtheria, focusing on their onset, relationship with respiratory illness, and recovery patterns. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Nishtar Hospital Multan between January 2023 and January 2024. Thirty patients, aged 3 to 18 years, who were hospitalised with confirmed diphtheria and associated neurological complications, were included in the study. Demographic data, including age, gender, and vaccination status, were recorded, along with details of respiratory illness severity and symptoms of diphtheria-related complications. Comprehensive clinical and neurological evaluations were performed, supported by relevant investigations. Statistical analysis was conducted using [statistical software], with results presented as frequencies, percentages, and means where appropriate. Results: A total of 25 cases of diphtheria in which some sort of neurological complications developed were involved in this research. The mean age of the study population was 6.6 ±5.5 years, range 3-18 years. A latent interval of 4-49 days between the development of membranous tonsillitis and neurological problems was found. Isolated palatal paralysis was seen in 15 children (60%). All children(100%) showed nasal twang, regurgitation, and difficulty in swallowing as bulbar symptoms. Three children (12%) showed signs of third cranial nerve involvement, exhibiting ptosis and diplopia. Two children (8%) experienced unilateral lower motor neuron facial palsy. All 25 patients recovered completely. Recovery time they were ranged from 1-6 weeks for isolated bulbar palsy to 10-16 weeks for quadriparesis and 6 weeks for DP. Conclusion: Diphtheritic polyneuropathy should be recognised promptly by paediatricians and neurologists. Early identification and differentiation of various neuropathies are critical for effective treatment and contact tracing, with a generally favourable prognosis.
ASSESSMENT OF ECG INTERPRETATION AMONG NURSES
Authors: NAZ M , KARAMAT N , SADDIQUE H , TESNEEM SS , JABEEN R
Published: November 2024

Electrocardiography (ECG) is a vital diagnostic tool for the early identification and management of cardiac conditions. Nurses, as integral members of the healthcare team, require strong ECG interpretation skills to ensure timely and accurate patient care. However, gaps in knowledge, training, and practice remain significant challenges, particularly in resource-constrained settings. Objective: To assess the knowledge, confidence, and practices of nurses regarding ECG interpretation and identify gaps and barriers to effective training and utilization. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Mayo Hospital, Lahore, over three months. A purposive sampling technique was used to recruit 134 registered nurses from the Cardiology, Medicine, and Gynecology departments. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 22. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including central tendency measures and p-values, were employed to summarize and assess trends within the data. Results: Moderate confidence in ECG interpretation was reported by 26.1% of participants, while 17.2% strongly disagreed with their confidence levels. Perceptions of training adequacy were mixed, with 23.9% strongly agreeing that their education was sufficient, but 19.4% strongly disagreed. Regular utilization of ECG interpretation skills in clinical practice was reported by only 20.1%. A notable demand for additional training was observed, with 39.6% of respondents advocating for refresher courses. Workplace and peer support were identified as critical factors influencing skill utilization and development. Conclusion: Nurses' knowledge and confidence in ECG interpretation remain suboptimal, reflecting gaps in training and limited clinical application. Targeted educational interventions, workplace support, and the incorporation of innovative tools are essential to enhance ECG interpretation competencies. These measures will empower nurses to deliver improved cardiac care and contribute to better patient outcomes.
ASSIGNMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, COMPLICATIONS, AND SELF ADMINISTRATION OF INSULIN AMONG DIABETIC PATIENTS
Authors: SALEEM S , NAUSHEEN A , BAKSHI S , SADDIQUE H , TESNEEM SS , JABEEN R
Published: November 2024

Insulin self-administration is a cornerstone of diabetes management, yet many patients face challenges due to knowledge deficits and improper practices. Objective: This study assesses the knowledge, practices, and barriers related to insulin self-administration among diabetic patients attending a tertiary care clinic in Pakistan. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Johar Poly Clinic, Lahore, with 130 diabetic patients recruited using convenience sampling. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire assessing demographics, knowledge, practices, and complications related to insulin use. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed using SPSS version 25.0.Results: The mean age of participants was 44.8 years, with 56.2% being female. Knowledge gaps were observed, with only 55.4% of participants understanding the rationale for site rotation to prevent lipodystrophy, and 53.1% knowing the correct injection angle. Practices were similarly suboptimal, with only 34.6% consistently performing handwashing and 35.4% regularly monitoring blood glucose. Complications such as lipodystrophy (46.9%) and insulin resistance (52.3%) were prevalent. Major barriers included psychological issues, lack of education, and socioeconomic constraints. Conclusion: Significant gaps in knowledge and practices of insulin self-administration exist among diabetic patients, leading to adverse outcomes. Tailored educational interventions and innovative approaches, such as technology-driven training, are urgently needed to improve patient adherence and reduce complications.
Economic appraisal of alternative land use systems for degraded Shivaliks
Authors: Agnihotri Y.
Published: November 2024

Shivalik foothills spread in the states of Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana and Uttaranchal have proximity to the plain areas, and are therefore subjected to excessive biotic pressure. Due to this and other reasons including climatic cum geological factors, the region is losing its productivity over the years. Traditional agriculture systems have failed to provide beyond the subsistence level to the inhabitants of the area. Alternative land use systems were, therefore, tried in a watershed management project, called Relmajra, situated in the Shivalik foothills of Punjab in district Nawan-Shahar. Economic appraisal of the land use systems with supplemental irrigation has established that whereas, poplar with intercrops as maize-wheat rotation, provides the highest annuity (Rs. 75,622) in relatively better lands. Aonla, Ber and Kinnow-Bhabar systems have yielded the annuity as Rs. 65,366, Rs. 32,356 and Rs. 31,502, respectively on inferior lands having multiple constraints.
Therapeutic role of dabrafenib on thyroid cancer
Authors: Wen Bojie
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Thyroid cancer, which has a high prevalence of BRAF V600E mutations, is the ninth most frequent cancer worldwide, especially in the aggressive anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). The mutation causes continual activation of the MAPK pathway, resulting in unrestricted cell multiplication that leads to the development of tumors. The therapeutic potential of a selective BRAF V600E inhibitor, dabrafenib, has been approved in the treatment of thyroid cancer, especially ATC. The efficacy of dabrafenib was investigated by analyzing various in vivo and in vitro studies and clinical trials. The therapeutic role of dabrafenib on thyroid cancer has been approved in studies involving tumor growth, cell viability, apoptosis, and effects on cancer stem cells (CSCs). Notably, the combination of dabrafenib and MEK inhibitors such as trametinib. significantly inhibited tumor growth and induced apoptosis in thyroid cancer cells. Studies have shown that this combination therapy can reduce tumor volume and target CSCs, which are key to tumor recurrence and drug resistance. Clinical trials have reported improvements in patient status. Dabrafenib, especially in combination with other drugs, offers a better treatment strategy for aggressive thyroid cancer. It enhances the therapeutic effect by effectively targeting the MAPK pathway and CSCs. Future studies may focus on optimizing these combination therapies and exploring their effects and safety to further improve patient outcomes in thyroid cancer treatment.
Impact of Multilingualism on Brain Structure and Function: A Review
Authors: Hu Kunzhe
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Multilingualism, prevalent in our globalized society, necessitates managing multiple languages through complex cognitive and neural mechanisms. This review synthesizes recent findings from neuroimaging studies, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), to explore the structural and functional brain changes associated with multilingualism. Key insights reveal that multilingualism enhances gray and white matter structures, improves neural network efficiency and flexibility, and strengthens cognitive control mechanisms. However, current research predominantly focuses on adults, with less attention to children and the elderly. This review underscores the need for longitudinal and age-diverse studies, utilizing advanced imaging techniques to comprehensively understand the dynamic neural adaptations in multilingual individuals.
Effect of Sex Ratio in Lamprey on Resource Availability and Ecosystem
Authors: Zhai Lehua , Wu Jiaxin , Pan Huanrou , Yuan Ruoyu , Chen Jingyuan , Chen Yifan
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Lamprey populations significantly affect ecosystems and can adjust their sex ratio based on environmental conditions. This study examines lamprey population size and sex ratio by developing a single-species logistic growth model that incorporates corrections for gender structure and environmental resources. We analyze population changes with and without sex ratio adjustment under varying environmental conditions. To assess the ecological impact, we also create a multi-species competition model based on the Lotka-Volterra predator equation, evaluating the effects of sex-regulated lamprey populations on the food chain. The stability of both models is analyzed using allowable error inequalities and inverse distance functions, and we assess population changes through data volatility analysis.
Advances in the induction and differentiation of neural stem cells
Authors: Zhu Mohan
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Neural stem cells (NSCs) have the capacity for self-renewal and differentiation into various neuronal cell types. In-depth research on NSCs has demonstrated their immense potential in treating neurological diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders and neural injuries. Rapid advancements in NSC research are currently focused on NSC acquisition, induced differentiation, and clinical translation. It is generally acknowledged that NSCs can be obtained from primary tissues or through the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and somatic cell reprogramming. Various approaches for inducing iPSC differentiation have been developed, including transcription factors, small molecule induction, and neural stem sphere differentiation methods. Each approach has unique advantages and is the subject of ongoing research. NSC-induced differentiation represents a promising avenue for treating neurological diseases, with studies underway using reprogramming factors and small molecule compounds. However, the NSC research field is extensive and rapidly evolving, with enormous potential for medical applications. Currently, there is a lack of comprehensive analytical reviews in the literature. This article consolidates and analyzes the major advancements in NSC induction, encompassing NSC isolation and culture, in vitro induction, and clinical applications. By presenting the latest developments in all aspects of NSCs, this article aims to provide guidance and insights for future regenerative medicine research in neurological diseases.
Applications of Biotechnologies in Carbon Capture and Sequestration
Authors: Zheng Kaiming
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Global greenhouse gas concentrations have been steadily increasing without sign of slowing down since industrialization. The most significant greenhouse gas, CO2, has reached an unprecedented peak. CO2-negative emission technologies are a good way to reduce atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Among these, bioenergy carbon capture and sequestration (BECCS) is considered as a key technology for stabilizing global warming at a low level in the future. This paper reviews biotechnology applications in carbon utilization and carbon sequestration, analyzing their principles, advantages and disadvantages, as well as the current status of the application. Regarding carbon utilization, focus is placed on bioethanol production, biomass combustion power generation and collaborative high-value chemical production from CO2 and biomass. Bioethanol production can effectively reduce costs, enhance energy efficiency in biomass energy utilization, minimize reliance on fossil fuels, and optimize overall carbon utilization. Biomass combustion power generation can mitigate pollutant emissions and decrease carbon emissions from power plants. Collaborative high-value chemical production from CO2 and biomass enables the production of valuable chemicals while reducing the dependence of chemical plants on oil and natural gas as raw materials, thereby expanding CO2 utilization pathway. Regarding carbon sequestration, this paper introduces blue carbon sequestration with its significant long-lasting effects on carbon storage capacity. Additionally, terrestrial carbon sequestration is discussed to highlight its dual benefits of capturing carbon while improving soil properties and promoting crop growth.
The application and future development of pulse oximeters in monitoring human health
Authors: An Qi
Published: November 2024

Abstract. With the rapid development of medical devices, wearable devices have stood out. Among them, pulse oximeters, as clinical applications, are rapidly expanding their use to fields such as fitness and daily life. Moreover, photoplethysmography (PPG) technology has shown broad application prospects in the field of medical devices. This paper introduces the composition structure and working principle of the pulse oximeter, which is an optical sensor based on the photoelectric capacitance pulse wave. Under non-invasive conditions, physiological parameters are obtained from different parts of the human skin surface to obtain PPG signal maps, and heart rate and blood oxygen saturation are calculated based on the signal maps. At the same time, the paper identifies that pulse oximeters have some shortcomings, so how to further improve the accuracy and real-time monitoring capability of pulse oximeters and how to enhance their performance and reliability are the future development trends, which are also discussed in this paper.
Evaluating the Implementation of Quality Principles in Competence-Based Assessment at Private TVET Colleges: Perspectives, Differences, Influencing Factors, and Impacts on Student Competence
Authors: Asres Abuhay Mihret , Abebe Amare Sahile
Published: November 2024

This study evaluates the implementation of quality principles in CBA at private TVET colleges in the Amhara Regional State. It employed a sequential explanatory mixed-methods approach, incorporating questionnaires, interviews, and document analysis. A questionnaire was distributed to 873 students and 189 teachers and assessors, including 47 items on a five-point Likert scale. Interviews involved 5 teachers, 4 assessors, 5 students, 2 deans, and 1 assessment center coordinator. The analysis included descriptive statistics such as proportions, means, and standard deviations, while inferential analysis utilized one-sample t-tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, and logistic regression. Qualitative data were analyzed through thematic and content analysis to gain a comprehensive understanding of CBA implementation. The findings indicated a significantly low implementation of CBA across all nine quality principles, with no substantial difference in perceptions between teachers and students. This overall low implementation adversely affected the quality of assessment and student competence. Key challenges identified included unethical interference of regulatory bodies and colleges, inadequate assessment literacy, unethical behavior among teachers and assessors, weak educational backgrounds, and dishonest conduct among students. The insufficient implementation of CBA principles in private TVET colleges complicates the relationship between students’ perceptions of implementation and their competence. Consequently, it is essential to provide professional support for educational assessment approaches to regulatory bodies, colleges, assessors, and teachers. Standardizing the assessments of IOCA, NOCA, and ROCA is critical, along with clearly distinguishing the roles of teachers, assessment tool developers, and assessors to enhance assessment quality.
The Commitment of SMEs to CSR: A Catalyst for Social Performance? Case of Industrial SMEs in Mount Lebanon
Authors: Badran Ricardo , Danie Khawaja Danie , Abi Khattar Josiane , Maroun Roger , Nohra Dunya
Published: November 2024

This article examines the link between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and social performance in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) based on a survey of 803 SMEs in the Government of Mont-Lebanon. The statistical findings provide insights into the extent to which survey participants embrace a CSR approach, while also emphasizing the positive impact of CSR practices on motivation, commitment, loyalty, productivity, and the inclusion of stakeholders in the company. This investigation sheds light on the relationship between CSR and social performance, which encompasses factors such as the well-being of employees from different backgrounds and the conduct of managers and executives towards their subordinates. Social performance can be evaluated both quantitatively and qualitatively, underscoring the advantages of adopting a responsible approach for companies.
Innovation in English Language Teaching: The Implementation of Digital Technology in the Classroom
Authors: Hafidurrahman Moh.
Published: November 2024

The rapid advancement of technology has transformed various sectors, including education. The journal explores the integration of digital technology in English language instruction (ELT), highlighting its impact on classroom dynamics, student engagement, and overall learning outcomes. This article also discusses the challenges and strategies of effective implementation, providing recommendations for educators aiming to integrate digital technologies that have transformed English language instruction (ELT) by introducing innovative tools that enhance classroom engagement, personalize the learning experience, and provide access to authentic materials. The research method used in this article is a literature research design, which involves a structured process in identifying, analyzing, and interpreting findings related to phenomena. Exploring the benefits of these innovations, including increased student motivation and improved language proficiency. The study concludes with recommendations to effectively combine digital technology with traditional teaching methods to optimize language learning outcomes to improve language mastery through digital innovation. This paper examines the implementation of various technology platforms, such as interactive tools, multimedia resources, and artificial intelligence-enabled applications, in the context of ELT
Kajian Pustaka: Kontribusi Psychological Capital (Psycap) terhadap Program Pendidikan Kewirausahaan pada Pelajar Pancasila
Authors: Suparni Novia Kusumaningsih , Alifka Alya Zhafirah  , Nur Satriani  , Sirajuddin Saleh
Published: November 2024

This research aims to find out how psychological capital contributes to entrepreneurship education programs for Pancasila students. This research uses library research, reference materials using books, journals, articles by examining research publications taken from Google Scholar. The results of this research state that the context of psychological capital plays an important role in entrepreneurship education. The relationship between psychological capital and entrepreneurship education is becoming increasingly relevant considering the very complex changes in the business world today. A dynamic and uncertain business environment requires entrepreneurs who are not only skilled but also have strong mental and emotional strength. By integrating PsyCap in entrepreneurship education, this educational program can be more effective in preparing someone to become a successful and sustainable entrepreneur