bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classical Magnetism and an Integral Formula Involving Modified Bessel Functions
Authors: Ciftja Orion
Published: April 2018

We study an integral expression that is encountered in some classical spin models of magnetism. The idea is to calculate the key integral that represents the building block for the expression of the partition function of these models. The general calculation allows one to have a better look at the internal structure of the quantity of interest which, in turn, may lead to potentially new useful insights. We find out that application of two different approaches to solve the problem in a general-case scenario leads to an interesting integral formula involving modified Bessel functions of the first kind which appears to be new. We performed Monte Carlo simulations to verify the correctness of the integral formula obtained. Additional numerical integration tests lead to the same result as well. The approach under consideration, when generalized, leads to a linear integral equation that might be of interest to numerical studies of classical spin models of magnetism that rely on the well-established transfer-matrix formalism.
Exact analytical modeling of magnetic vector potential in surface inset permanent magnet DC machines considering magnet segmentation
Authors: Jabbari Ali
Published: April 2018

Surface inset permanent magnet DC machine can be used as an alternative in automation systems due to their high efficiency and robustness. Magnet segmentation is a common technique in order to mitigate pulsating torque components in permanent magnet machines. An accurate computation of air-gap magnetic field distribution is necessary in order to calculate machine performance. An exact analytical method for magnetic vector potential calculation in surface inset permanent magnet machines considering magnet segmentation has been proposed in this paper. The analytical method is based on the resolution of Laplace and Poisson equations as well as Maxwell equation in polar coordinate by using sub-domain method. One of the main contributions of the paper is to derive an expression for the magnetic vector potential in the segmented PM region by using hyperbolic functions. The developed method is applied on the performance computation of two prototype surface inset magnet segmented motors with open circuit and on load conditions. The results of these models are validated through FEM method.
Synthetic Biology Open Language (SBOL) Version 2.2.0
Authors: Cox Robert Sidney , Madsen Curtis , McLaughlin James Alastair , Nguyen Tramy , Roehner Nicholas , Bartley Bryan , Beal Jacob , Bissell Michael , Choi Kiri , Clancy Kevin , Grünberg Raik , Macklin Chris , Misirli Goksel , Oberortner Ernst , Pocock Matthew , Samineni Meher , Zhang Michael , Zhang Zhen , Zundel Zach , Gennari John H. , Myers Chris , Sauro Herbert , Wipat Anil
Published: April 2018

Synthetic biology builds upon the techniques and successes of genetics, molecular biology, and metabolic engineering by applying engineering principles to the design of biological systems. The field still faces substantial challenges, including long development times, high rates of failure, and poor reproducibility. One method to ameliorate these problems would be to improve the exchange of information about designed systems between laboratories. The synthetic biology open language (SBOL) has been developed as a standard to support the specification and exchange of biological design information in synthetic biology, filling a need not satisfied by other pre-existing standards. This document details version 2.2.0 of SBOL that builds upon version 2.1.0 published in last year’s JIB special issue. In particular, SBOL 2.2.0 includes improved description and validation rules for genetic design provenance, an extension to support combinatorial genetic designs, a new class to add non-SBOL data as attachments, a new class for genetic design implementations, and a description of a methodology to describe the entire design-build-test-learn cycle within the SBOL data model.
The antiiflammatory effect of Ginkgo biloba in lipopolysaccharide-induced rat sepsis model
Authors: Ilhan Nevin , Susam Solmaz , Parlak Ak Tuba , Gul Baykalir Burcu
Published: April 2018

Background:

Sepsis is characterized dysregulated inflammatory response and is the leading cause of organ failure or injury and death in critical care units.Ginkgo bilobaextract 761 (EGb 761) is characterized by antioxidant activity. There is no clear data in the functional role of EGb 761 that inhibiting of proinflammatory cytokines exist in sepsis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antiinflammatory effect of EGb 761 on the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced rat sepsis model.

Methods:

The animals were randomly divided into the following six groups: the control, LPS, flunixin meglumine (FM), EGb 761, LPS+FM and LPS+EGb 761 groups. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis was applied to measure serum levels of VEGF, MMP-9, and iNOS.

Results:

Serum iNOs (p<0.05), VEGF (p<0.01) and MMP-9 (p<0.05) levels were significantly higher in the sepsis group. Treatment with EGb 761 decreased serum iNOs levels (p<0.01), VEGF and MMP-9 levels decreased significantly (p<0.05). Also, treatment with FM decreased iNOs (p<0.01), VEGF and MMP-9 levels significantly (p<0.05).

Conclusions:

It is suggested that sepsis may lead to increase serum iNOs, MMP-9, and VEGF levels and treatment of EGb 761 may have a potential antiinflammatory effect against LPS-induced sepsis.
A greedy algorithm for interval greedoids
Authors: Mao Hua
Published: April 2018

We show that the greedy algorithm provided in this paper works for interval greedoids with positive weights under some conditions, and also characterize an exchangeable system to be an interval greedoid with the assistance of the greedy algorithm.
A Geršgorin-type eigenvalue localization set with n parameters for stochastic matrices
Authors: Wang Xiaoxiao , Li Chaoqian , Li Yaotang
Published: April 2018

A set in the complex plane which involves n parameters in [0, 1] is given to localize all eigenvalues different from 1 for stochastic matrices. As an application of this set, an upper bound for the moduli of the subdominant eigenvalues of a stochastic matrix is obtained. Lastly, we fix n parameters in [0, 1] to give a new set including all eigenvalues different from 1, which is tighter than those provided by Shen et al. (Linear Algebra Appl. 447 (2014) 74-87) and Li et al. (Linear and Multilinear Algebra 63(11) (2015) 2159-2170) for estimating the moduli of subdominant eigenvalues.
Lifting components in clean abelian ℓ-groups
Authors: Boulabiar Karim , Smiti Samir
Published: April 2018

Let G be an abelian ℓ-group with a strong order unit u > 0. We call G
u-clean after Hager, Kimber, and McGovern if every element of G can be written as a sum of a strong order unit of G and a u-component of G. We prove that G is u-clean if and only if u-components of G can be lifted modulo any ℓ-ideal of G. Moreover, we introduce a notion of u-suitable ℓ-groups (as a natural analogue of the corresponding notion in Ring Theory) and we prove that the ℓ-group G is u-clean when and only when it is u-suitable. Also, we show that if E is a vector lattice, then E is u-clean if and only if the space of all u-step functions of E is u-uniformly dense in E. As applications, we will generalize a result by Banaschewski on maximal ℓ-ideals of an archimedean bounded f-algebras to the non-archimedean case. We also extend a result by Miers on polynomially ideal C(X)-type algebras to the more general setting of bounded f-algebras.
Groups with positive rank gradient and their actions
Authors: Shusterman Mark
Published: April 2018

We show that given a finitely generated LERF group G with positive rank gradient, and finitely generated subgroups A, B ≤ G of infinite index, one can find a finite index subgroup B
0 of B such that [G : 〈A ∪ B
0〉] = ∞. This generalizes a theorem of Olshanskii on free groups. We conclude that a finite product of finitely generated subgroups of infinite index does not cover G. We construct a transitive virtually faithful action of G such that the orbits of finitely generated subgroups of infinite index are finite. Some of the results extend to profinite groups with positive rank gradient.
The application of bio-nanotechnology in tumor diagnosis and treatment: a view
Authors: Li Jingyuan , Yao Min , Shao Yixiang , Yao Dengfu
Published: April 2018

Nanotechnology is a new technology for observing and manipulating atoms and molecules in the range of 0.1–100 nm. The development of nanotechnology provides a new way for biomedicine. Based on the unique physical and chemical properties of nanomaterials, the novel biosensor based on bio-nanotechnology can be used for early diagnosis and therapy of tumors. Nowadays, the application of nanomedicine is mainly focused on the following points: tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, the accurate diagnosis and real-time monitoring of the disease, novel imaging and analysis techniques, and multifunctional drug delivery system and targeting therapy. Nanotechnology will provide effective means for accurate diagnosis and treatment of cancer. This article reviews the new progress of nanotechnology in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Temperature distribution around thin electroconductive layers created on composite textile substrates
Authors: Korzeniewska Ewa , Szczesny Artur , Krawczyk Andrzej , Murawski Piotr , Mróz Józef , Seme Sebastian
Published: April 2018

In this paper, the authors describe the distribution of temperatures around electroconductive pathways created by a physical vacuum deposition process on flexible textile substrates used in elastic electronics and textronics. Cordura material was chosen as the substrate. Silver with 99.99% purity was used as the deposited metal. This research was based on thermographic photographs of the produced samples. Analysis of the temperature field around the electroconductive layer was carried out using Image ThermaBase EU software. The analysis of the temperature distribution highlights the software’s usefulness in determining the homogeneity of the created metal layer. Higher local temperatures and non-uniform distributions at the same time can negatively influence the work of the textronic system.
Analysis of spatial thermal field in a magnetic bearing
Authors: Wajnert Dawid , Tomczuk Bronisław
Published: April 2018

This paper presents two mathematical models for temperature field analysis in a new hybrid magnetic bearing. Temperature distributions have been calculated using a three dimensional simulation and a two dimensional one. A physical model for temperature testing in the magnetic bearing has been developed. Some results obtained from computer simulations were compared with measurements.
Three phase heat and mass transfer model for unsaturated soil freezing process: Part 2 - model validation
Authors: Zhang Yaning , Xu Fei , Li Bingxi , Kim Yong-Song , Zhao Wenke , Xie Gongnan , Fu Zhongbin
Published: April 2018

This study aims to validate the three-phase heat and mass transfer model developed in the first part (Three phase heat and mass transfer model for unsaturated soil freezing process: Part 1 - model development). Experimental results from studies and experiments were used for the validation. The results showed that the correlation coefficients for the simulated and experimental water contents at different soil depths were between 0.83 and 0.92. The correlation coefficients for the simulated and experimental liquid water contents at different soil temperatures were between 0.95 and 0.99. With these high accuracies, the developed model can be well used to predict the water contents at different soil depths and temperatures.
Practice patterns, attitudes, and knowledge among physicians regarding cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC for patients with peritoneal metastases
Authors: Bernaiche Tyler , Emery Erica , Bijelic Lana
Published: April 2018

Background

Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is a treatment option for patients with peritoneal metastases shown to provide improved overall survival for appropriately selected patients. However, the availability and utilization of this treatment remains limited. The aim of this survey-based study was to evaluate factors influencing physician treatment choices for peritoneal metastases.

Methods

Surveys were mailed to medical oncologists and surgeons in Virginia, Maryland, and Washington, D.C. Survey questions evaluated access to HIPEC centers, prior experience with referral to HIPEC centers, opinions regarding efficacy, and knowledge regarding outcomes of CRS and HIPEC.

Results

Surveys were mailed to 2279 physicians; 116 eligible surveys were returned. Seventy-five percent of respondents would consider referral to a HIPEC center for appendiceal peritoneal metastasis, while only 50% would consider it for colon cancer and peritoneal mesothelioma. The most common reason for never referring a patient to a HIPEC center was lack of access to a HIPEC specialist (47%) followed by perceived lack of evidence for the treatment modality (31%). Five-year survival after CRS and HIPEC was underestimated while 30-day mortality was overestimated by more than half of respondents.

Conclusions

Referral to HIPEC centers is underutilized among community physicians in practice. Limited access to HIPEC experts is the most common cause for lack of referral, followed by a perception of insufficient evidence for this treatment approach. Lack of familiarity with data regarding outcomes impacts referral patterns and treatment choices. Possible actions to increase awareness and appropriate utilization of CRS and HIPEC are suggested.
Rubber industry
Authors: Staszak Maciej
Published: April 2018

Following chapter presents short introductory description of rubber and rubber industry. The main problem of rubber industry is the way of the usage of spent tires. Furthermore very important group of problems arise considering the metal and nonmetal additives which are significant component of the vulcanized rubber. The key attention is dedicated to typical ways of rubber usage in utilization and recovery of metals from spent rubber materials concentrating specifically on used tires processing. The method of recovery of rare metals from rubber tires was described. The rubber debris finds widest use in the field of waste metal solutions processing. The environmental pollution caused by metals poses serious threat to humans. Several applications of the use of waste rubber debris to remove metals from environmental waters were described. Moreover, the agriculture usage of waste tire rubber debris is described, presenting systems where the rubber material can be useful as a soil replacement.
Stability of Bendamustine Solutions: Influence of Sodium Chloride Concentration, Temperature and Container
Authors: Vigneron Jean , D’Huart Elise , Demoré Béatrice
Published: April 2018

Background

Bendamustine is used for the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and myeloma. The stability of bendamustine is highly dependent on temperature and chloride-ion concentration. Limited stability data are available. The objective of this work was to study the stability of the bendamustine reconstituted solution at 2.5 mg/mL and the diluted solution in normal saline and 1.5 % sodium chloride to evaluate a potential increase in stability.

Methods

A stability indicating High Performance Liquid Chromatography method with Diode Array Detection was used. A first study was carried out in glass vials and then in polyolefin containers at 0.25 and 0.60 mg/mL. Solutions were stored at room temperature and at 2–8 °C for 7 days.

Results

Stability was defined as a concentration above 95 % of the initial concentration [10]. The reconstituted solution at 2.5 mg/mL was stable for only 2 hours at room temperature and 8 hours at 2–8 °C. The stability of diluted solutions was in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations of 3.5 hours at room temperature and 48 hours at 2–8 °C. The addition of sodium chloride doesn’t increase the stability for preparation in infusion in daily practice.

Conclusions

The information brought by this study is an 8-hour stability of the reconstituted solution at 2–8 °C.
The impact of physical activity and obedience of ergonomic rules on level of pain intensity reported by office staff
Authors: Smolis-Bąk Edyta , Kwakowicz Monika , Kowalik Ilona , Majda Wojciech , Kazimierska Barbara
Published: April 2018

Introduction: This paper examines office staff’s knowledge and obedience of rules of computer workstation ergonomics and assesses how physical activity and obedience of ergonomic rules affect the level of pain intensity reported by office staff included in the study.

Material and methods: The study group consisted of 136 persons (94 female and 42 male) aged between 20 and 46 (average 44,5±12,6 years) working on computer workstations. Results. Approximately 50% of the study group were spending their free time actively (72 persons, 52,9%). Preferred forms of activity were as follows: walking (72,1%), cycling (58,1%) and physical exercise (26,5%).

Results: It was found that higher rates of physical activity significantly reduced the intensity of the pain resulting from computer work. On the contrary, a statistically significant number of people occasionally involved in physical activity more often suffered the following symptoms: pain in the shoulders (p=0,0224), hips (p=0,0036) and feet (p=0,0458), and tingling and sensory loss in lower extremities (p<0,0001). It was found that study group members regularly involved in physical activity less often suffered from the pain in the shoulders (22,9% vs 50,0%,), hips (14,3% vs 44,7%,) and feet (17,1% vs 31,6%), and tingling and sensory loss in lower extremities (2,9% vs 36,8%) when compared to the group with occasional physical activity. Statistically significant lower incidence of pain was observed in the study group members conforming to the rules of ergonomics at work as exemplified through the following symptoms: increased muscle tension in the shoulder areas (38,5% vs 61,8%, p=0,0303), pain in the upper parts of the spine (26,9% vs 50,9%, p=0,0274), eye pain, tearing and burning sensation (57,7% vs 80,0%, p=0,0170).

Conclusions: 1. Only a small number of study group members complied with ergonomic rules at work. 2 It was observed that physical activity has a positive effect on pain reduction. 3. Adherence to ergonomic rules at work has a significant influence on reduction of pain intensity in examined groups.
The assessment of the effectiveness of the chosen methods of rehabilitation in children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Osiadło Grażyna , Skworc Aneta
Published: April 2018

Introduction: Cerebral palsy is a great and serious medical problem. There are no effective ways of its treatment which is the main reason of constant research into successful therapeutical methods of rehabilitation. Nowadays, the rehabilitation is based on neurodevelopmental methods which are the most effective and friendly for children. Therefore, it is important to find an extensive approach towards the rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy according to ICF (International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health) concepts and the Polish model of rehabilitation. The fundamental objective of rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy is to give them the possibility to live independently in the future.

Material and methods: The research involved 10 children with cerebral palsy (including 4 girls and 6 boys) aged 5 - 8 years. The average weight for girls was 13,68 kg. and boys was 15,83 kg. The average height for all examined children was 104,25 cm. to 115,00 cm. In order to determine the effectiveness of the chosen rehabilitation methods (NDT Bobath, Sensory Integration, Halliwick, hippotherapy) as well as other supporting techniques (orthopaedic equipment, kinesiotaping, arm - chairs) to the condition of research children, the analysis of the therapeutic improvement process in the space of one year was carried out. The research method was based on the completed questionnaire as well as on the assessment of the psychomotor development according to Bobath.

Results: In the examined group of children with CP, after one-year therapy, a significant improvement of the evaluated righting and balance reactions and skill abilities (p<0,05) were noticed which had a good influence on the emotions of these children.

Conclusions: On the basis of the achieved results, one may advance the thesis about the justifiability of the use of the chosen methods and supporting techniques in rehabilitation of the patients with cerebral palsy.
Evaluation of Health in Context of Life Quality Studying
Authors: Prystupa Evgen , Pavlova Iuliia
Published: April 2018

Introduction: The development and application on novel concepts that integrally describe physical, psychological, emotional, social health, environmental factors, life values and personal skills was analyzed in the article.

The aim of the article was to analyze the latest methodological approaches of life quality and health assessment.

Results: The article deals with the peculiarities of life quality definition formation and role of its subjective and objective components. The life quality models that based on objective and subjective indicators, related to the health and social well-being was analyzed. The health indicators that provide critical information about population health and prevention programs were characterized and divided into 4 groups - medical and demographic, behavioral, administrative, related to physical and social environment. The problem of research methods development that would useful for comparing the health related life quality in different countries, and creation of normative databases for various regions and determination life-style long-term impact on physical and mental health was studied. The peculiarities of quantitative evaluation in international methods (Index of Social Health, Physical Quality of Life Index, Human Developed Index, Health related Quality of Life Index, World Health Organization Quality of Life index, Happiness adjusted life-years) were analyzed.

Conclusions: For a quantitative evaluation of the population life quality significant is selection of single definition, model with structural parts (domains) that include psycho-physical and physical health of people, their life values (micro level) and the socio-economic development of the society (macro level).
Market concentration and market power of the Swedish mortgage Sector – a wavelet panel efficiency analysis
Authors: Månsson Kristofer , Sjölander Pär , Shukur Ghazi
Published: April 2018

Based on a panel wavelet efficiency analysis, we conclude that there is a systematic pattern of positive asymmetric price transmission inefficiencies in the interest rates of the largest Swedish mortgage lenders. Thus, there seems to be a higher propensity for mortgage lenders to swiftly increase their customers’ mortgage interest rates subsequent to an increase in its borrowing costs, than to decrease their customers’ mortgage rates subsequent to a corresponding decrease in the cost of borrowing. A unique contribution is our proposed wavelet method which enables a robust detection of positive asymmetric price transmission effects at various time-frequency scales, while simultaneously controlling for non-stationary trends, autocorrelation, and structural breaks. Since traditional time-series analysis methods essentially implies that several wavelet time scales are aggregated into one single time series, the blunt traditional error correction analysis totally failed to discover APT effects for this data set. In summary, using the wavelet method we show that even though the customers in the end finally will benefit from decreases in the mortgage lenders’ financing costs, the lenders wait disproportionally long before the customers’ mortgage rates are decreased.
Energy demand of occupant’s spatial modification in residential buildings. Case study of Médéa, Algeria
Authors: Soufiane Boukarta , Ewa Berezowska-Azzag
Published: April 2018

Housing is rated as one of the most commonly consuming energy field in terms of energy end-use with 41%. Regarding the transformations dealt by dwellers for functional and social uses. The aim of this paper is: Firstly, to highlight the non-controlled transformation process made by the occupant in Algeria; Secondly, to explore the impact of the energy load of such spatial transformations. The question is approached in two tracks, (i) Through Ecotect software’s simulations (ii) and measurements through a collection of energy end-use data. Basically, the energy demand is bound to dwelling’s spatial and socioeconomic criteria. Three cases studied showed consequently 2 positive and 1 negative energy load, in which two explanations may be given: Insulation quality that occupant is lacking facilities to improve may be stated as a physical explanation, as well as for the socio economic one, the density per dwelling plays a major role, but it is the income which explains within the two approaches more than 87% of the energy end use.
Hydro power plants, an overview of the current types and technology
Authors: Tkáč Štefan
Published: April 2018

Despite the long history of hydropower technology and rising number of system harvesting energy from alternative sources, the constant research within hydro power sector becoming increasingly important as the power from water was and still is the leading alternative source of green energy generation, capitalized not necessarily within micro-urban structures only. The advantages of hydro systems involve their relatively low acquisition cost against durability, the possibility of gaining energy independence, relatively high flexibility and adaptability for spatial conditions and energy demands of the end users. Nowadays micro hydro systems could capitalize head range starting at 100cm and the efficiency of hydro systems in general ranges between 65-75% in micro and small applications climbing up to 96% in macro designs. It is mostly due to flexibility in applications, adaptability in combinations with other renewable energy systems and the ability to generate clean, stable, thus reliable energy that makes technical development the most vibrant and noticeable in the micro sphere.
Comparison of physical and mechanical properties of river sand concrete with quarry dust concrete
Authors: Opara Hyginus E. , Eziefula Uchechi G. , Eziefula Bennett I.
Published: April 2018

This study compared the physical and mechanical properties of river sand concrete with quarry dust concrete. The constituent materials were batched by weight. The water-cement ratio and mix ratio selected for the experimental investigation were 0.55 and 1:2:4, respectively. The specimens were cured for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Slump, density and compressive strength tests were carried out. The results showed that river sand concrete had greater density and compressive strength than quarry dust concrete for all curing ages. At 28 days of curing, river sand concrete exceeded the target compressive strength by 36%, whereas quarry dust concrete was less than the target compressive strength by 12%. Both river sand concrete and quarry dust concrete for the selected water/cement ratio and mix ratio are suitable for non-structural applications and lightly-loaded members where high strength is not a prerequisite.
Kuratowski Monoids of n-Topological Spaces
Authors: Banakh Taras , Chervak Ostap , Martynyuk Tetyana , Pylypovych Maksym , Ravsky Alex , Simkiv Markiyan
Published: April 2018

Generalizing the famous 14-set closure-complement Theorem of Kuratowski from 1922, we prove that for a set X endowed with n pairwise comparable topologies Ʈ1 ⊂ · · · ⊂ Ʈn, by repeated application of the operations of complement and closure in the topologies Ʈ1, . . . , Ʈn to a subset A ⊂ X we can obtain at most
Balanced and functionally balanced P-groups
Authors: Shlossberg Menachem
Published: April 2018

In relation to Itzkowitz’s problem [5], we show that a c-bounded P-group is balanced if and only if it is functionally balanced.We prove that for an arbitrary P-group, being functionally balanced is equivalent to being strongly functionally balanced. A special focus is given to the uniform free topological group defined over a uniform P-space. In particular, we show that this group is (functionally) balanced precisely when its subsets Bn, consisting of words of length at most n, are all (resp., functionally) balanced.
Ordered sets as uniformities
Authors: Hušek Miroslav
Published: April 2018

In [7] a relation between completeness of certain uniformity on ordered sets and restrictions of homeomorphisms of compactifications is described. We shall add more details here and correct one proof.
Marine engineering and sub-disciplinary variations: a rhetorical analysis of research article abstracts
Authors: Huang Ju Chuan
Published: April 2018

This study explores the rhetorical structure and linguistic features of research article abstracts in an applied discipline. Recently, many emerging applied disciplines have evolved to incorporate knowledge from a variety of disciplinary areas. Therefore, the writing style may vary within one discipline. While most studies have compared rhetorical variations between disciplines, few have examined sub-disciplinary variations. The purpose of this study is to investigate the extent to which variations exist among research article abstracts in three sub-fields of one applied discipline: marine engineering. A small specific corpus consisting of 60 marine engineering abstracts was compiled. By examining similarities and differences in the rhetorical structure, frequently used verbs, tense, and the use of first person pronouns, the analysis showed that sub-disciplinary variations existed among the three sub-fields. For example, the abstracts in the sub-field of automatic control (a discipline closely related to electronic engineering) differ from the abstracts of the other two sub-fields as for rhetorical structure, verb tense, and frequency of use of first-person pronouns. The findings of this study indicate that English for Specific Purposes (ESP) instructors should take into account sub-disciplinary preferences when teaching academic writing so that students can make informed choices when writing in their specific sub-field.
Application of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus for reducing fouling of membranes used for wastewater treatment
Authors: Özkan Melek , Yılmaz Hilal , Çelik Merve Akay , Şengezer Çişel , Erhan Elif , Keskinler Bülent
Published: April 2018

Background

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems used for wastewater treatment (WWT) processes are regarded as clean technologies. Degradation capacity of the predator bacterium, Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus, was used as a cleaning strategy for reducing membrane fouling.

Method

Wastewater with different sludge age and hydraulic retention time were filtered through Poly(ether)sulphone (PES) membranes using dead end reactor. Change in filtration performance after cleaning of membrane surface by B. bacteriovorus was measured by comparison of flux values. Bacterial community of the sludge was determined by 16SrRNA sequence analysis. Community profile of membrane surface was analyzed by fluorescent in situ hybridization technique.

Results

After cleaning of MP005 and UP150 membranes with predator bacteria, 4.8 L/m2·h and 2.04 L/m2·h increase in stable flux at steady state condition was obtained as compared to the control, respectively. Aeromonas, Proteus, and Alcaligenes species were found to be dominant members of the sludge. Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus lysed pure cultures of the isolated sludge bacteria successfully. FISH analysis of the membrane surface showed that Alfa-proteobacteria are the most numerous bacteria among the biofilm community on the membrane surface.

Conclusion

Results suggested that cleaning of MBR membranes with B. bacteriovorus has a potential to be used as a biological cleaning method.
Flow Mixing and Screech Characteristics of Elliptical Supersonic Jet
Authors: Manigandan S. , Vijayaraja K.
Published: April 2018

The acoustic and flow characteristics of a jet with elliptical throat is studied at different levels of nozzle expansion ratio. In this study, we have taken two types of CD nozzle configuration (circular and elliptical throat) and it is studied for various NPR ratios of 2, 3, 4 and 6. In addition, the acoustic characteristic of the jet flow is also measured for respective NPRs. Measurements of acoustic data are done using microphones placed at 30, 60 and 90 degrees to imprison the effects of screech tone. At NPR 2, 3 and 4, the jet with elliptical throat witnesses superior mixing and shorter core length compared to the circular throat. Its surprising to see both the configurations provides the identical oscillation at NPR 2, 3 and 4, however the efficiency of jet mixing is larger in elliptical throat jet. As the nozzle pressure ratio increased from 2 to 3 and 3 to 4, the potential core length of the jet reduces marginally about 5 to 10 % for every NPR until nozzle pressure ratio of 5. At NPR 2 and 3, the centerline pitot pressure profile shows, the decay of jet from the elliptical throat is healthier than a circular jet. At various levels of nozzle expansion, shock cell shows an appreciable change with an increase in NPR. Introduction of the elliptical throat on circular modifies the structure of shock cell which significantly changes the magnitude of screech tone due to the weakening of shock waves.
An Investigation of the Behavior of Steady-State Laminar Jet Spray Flames
Authors: Weinberg Noam , Greenberg J. Barry
Published: April 2018

The theory of steady-state laminar jet spray flames is developed in the limit of small Stokes number. The spray is modeled using the sectional approach. A similarity solution is suggested, and it is shown that for typical operating conditions the leading order small Stokes number solution suffices for determining lift-off and blow-out features of the flames. The latter are demonstrated to be strongly dependent on spray properties, in contrast to the Schmidt number dependence only which was predicted by classical laminar jet gaseous flame theory. The strong influence of the ambient oxygen content and the liquid fuel’s evaporation coefficient on flame characteristics, blow-out and lift-off are established.
Das System Mussolini
Authors: Guerrazzi Amedeo Osti
Published: April 2018

Vorspann

Im Arbeitsalltag Benito Mussolinis nahmen Audienzen einen wichtigen Platz ein. Fast einhunderttausend Besucher empfing der faschistische Diktator in den mehr als 22 Jahren seiner Amtszeit. Die Audienzlisten sind nun in einer Datenbank des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Rom erfasst. Amedeo Osti Guerazzi hat sie für die Jahre bis 1943 ausgewertet und kann aufzeigen, wie unzuverlässig einflussreiche Werke der Memoirenliteratur aus der Umgebung Mussolinis sind. Zugleich wird deutlich, wie dieser sich und sein Regime mit seinem umfassenden Kontrollstreben überforderte.
A Co(II) complex from a pyridylamide ligand: synthesis and structural characterization
Authors: Zhu Xiao-Hong , Jiang Ding-Yun , Hu Tao , Li Deng-Hao
Published: April 2018

The hydrothermal reaction of N3,N5-di(pyridin-4-yl)pyridine-3,5-dicarboxamide (L) with Co(NO3)2·6H2O and ErCl3·6H2O yields a new complex, {[Co(L)2(NO3)1.15(Cl)0.85]·4DMF}n (1). Complex 1 has been characterized by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, IR, and elemental and thermogravimetric analysis. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Fddd and shows a chain structure.
Cellulose-Based Hydrogels with Controllable Electrical and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Zhang Enwei , Yang Jing , Liu Wei
Published: April 2018

Electrically conductive cellulose-based hydrogels are prepared by a facile and environmentally friendly method, of which the electrical and mechanical properties can be easily controlled by varying the graphene loading. With an ultralow initial addition of graphene oxide (GO, 0.2 wt% versus the mass of cellulose), the resulting cellulose/reduced graphene oxide (CG0.2) hydrogel shows a significantly enhanced compressive modulus of 332.01 kPa, 54.8% higher than that of pure cellulose hydrogel. Further increasing the addition of GO to 2 wt% (versus the mass of cellulose), the electrical conductivity of the resultant CG2.0 hydrogel is as high as 7.3×10−3 S/m, 10,000-fold higher than that of pure cellulose hydrogel, and of which the mechanical properties are also enhanced. These cellulose-based hydrogels with controllable electrical and mechanical properties have a great potential for application in drug delivery and artificial muscle.
“GEOGRAFIA E ENSINO I”: UMA EXPERIÊNCIA DE INTEGRAÇÃO UNIVERSIDADE-ESCOLA NA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES DE GEOGRAFIA / “GEOGRAPHY AND TEACHING I”: A EXPERIENCE OF UNIVERSITY-SCHOOL INTEGRATION IN TRAINING OF TEACHERS OF GEOGRAPHY
Authors: Batista Natália Lampert , Cassol Roberto , Becker Elsbeth Léia Spode , Rizzatti Maurício
Published: April 2018

A docência orientada possibilita ao pós-graduando a experiência de ministrar aulas no Ensino Superior, permitindo outro olhar sobre a prática docente na Universidade. O presente relato se refere a Docência Orientada realizada na disciplina do curso de graduação em Geografia Licenciatura, Geografia e Ensino I, da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, turma 10, do segundo semestre de 2016. Com a sistematização da disciplina no referido ano, objetivou-se desenvolver habilidades teórico-práticas para o Ensino de Cartografia no Ensino Fundamental; proporcionar aos alunos matriculados na disciplina Geografia e Ensino I um momento de vivência e de reflexão sobre o espaço escolar; e produzir e testar metodologias de Ensino de Cartografia com alunos Ensino Fundamental. A partir das oficinas desenvolvidas no espaço escolar, acredita-se que a organização da disciplina de Geografia e Ensino I, edição de 2016, contribuiu significativamente para a formação dos acadêmicos de graduação, pois integrou a teoria, referente ao Ensino de Cartografia, com as vivências no espaço escolar, que resultaram em motivação para o ser professor e reflexões sobre o ato de ensinar.Abstract:Oriented teaching enables the post-graduate student to teach classes in Higher Education, allowing another look at teaching practice at the University. The present report refers to oriented teaching carried out in the discipline of the undergraduate course in Geography Degree, Geography and Teaching I, of the Federal University of Santa Maria, class 10, of the second semester of 2016. With the systematization of the discipline in the mentioned year, the objective was to develop theoretical-practical abilities for the Teaching of Cartography in Elementary School; To provide the students enrolled in the discipline I a moment of experience and reflection on the school space; and produce and test Cartography Teaching methodologies with elementary students. From the workshops developed in the school space, it is believed that the organization of the discipline of Geography and Teaching I, edition of 2016, contributed significantly to the training of undergraduate students, since it integrated the theoretical about Cartography Teaching to experiences in space School, which resulted in motivation for being a teacher and reflections on the act of teaching.Keywords: Oriented Teaching; Teaching of Cartography; Teacher training.
Apresentação
Authors: Martins Débora Pinto
Published: April 2018

Apresentação do Volume 03, Número 03 da Revista Geographia Meridionalis
Amas de leite: dos anúncios de jornais do século XIX em Pelotas/RS à atualidade - relações de trabalho e afeto no cuidado com crianças
Authors: Rodrigues Marta Bonow
Published: April 2018

A amamentação de crianças brancas por escravas negras, no Brasil, foi possivelmente importada da Europa: era comum, na sociedade escravista, as mães darem seus filhos para que as amas negras às amamentassem, devido à disponibilidade de mulheres escravizadas que eram direcionadas para essa atividade - entre outros trabalhos domésticos. A proximidade física dessas amas com a família para quem trabalhavam poderiam desencadear relações afetivas para além da condição de trabalho, seja escravo ou livre. Heranças desse passado escravista estão presentes na sociedade contemporânea e, em especial no cuidado com as crianças, os limiares entre afetividade e trabalho são habitualmente ultrapassados. Na tentativa de compreender como essas relações de trabalho ocorrem na atualidade, pode-se buscar alguns dados desse período oitocentista, e, entre outros elementos, os anúncios de jornais são uma fonte arqueológia e histórica rica para essas análises.
O imaginário do espaço arqueológico do Passo dos Negros
Authors: Carle Cláudio
Published: April 2018

Artigo produzido a partir de uma visita etnoarqueológica ao espaço semi-urbanizado conhecido como Passo dos Negros. Este estudo evoca o pensamento interpretativo de Gilbert Durand sobre a organização e ocupação dos espaço pelos diversos grupos humanos ao longo de vários anos e os reflexos do conflito na ocupação territorial atual.
A VEZ DOS ARGONAUTAS: apresentação de um dossiê sobre saberes e territorialidades marítimo-costeiras
Authors: Adomilli Gianpaolo Knoller , Rosa Rogério Reus Gonçalves da
Published: April 2018

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Development of sodium channels during differentiation of chick skeletal muscle in culture. II. 22Na+ uptake and electrophysiological studies
Authors: Baumgold J , Parent JB , Spector I
Published: April 2018

The development of the functional properties of the sodium channel of chick skeletal muscle grown in culture was studied using 22Na uptake and electrophysiological techniques. In accord with the biochemical data in the preceding paper (Baumgold, J., J. B. Parent, and I. Spector (1983) J. Neurosci. 3: 995–1003), the functional manifestations of sodium channel expression are initiated shortly after cell fusion. At this stage, the myotubes have barely detectable sodium-dependent action potentials (Vmax = 1 to 9 V/sec) and exhibit a very small amount of batrachotoxin (BTX)-stimulated 22Na+ uptake. However, when these cultures are treated with scorpion toxin (ScTX), the amplitude and rate of rise of the sodium action potential increase dramatically (Vmax = 35 to 50 V/sec) and the (BTX)-stimulated 22Na+ uptake is much larger, suggesting that ScTX unmasks channels that are already present but nonfunctional in these immature myotubes. The two different rates of development of the biochemical properties of the sodium channel described in the preceding paper are also reflected in the two separate rates of development of its functional properties. In the absence of ScTX, the amplitude and Vmax of the action potential develop at a slow rate similar to that of the [3H]saxitoxin binding, eventually reaching a Vmax of 158 V/sec by day 10; the BTX-stimulated 22Na+ uptake also rises gradually, reaching 12 nmol of 22Na+/culture/min by day 7.5. In contrast, in the presence of ScTX, the Vmax of the Na+ action potential increases more rapidly, reaching 158 V/sec by day 5 and 220 V/sec by day 10. The BTX-stimulated 22Na+ uptake also increases more rapidly in the presence of ScTX. This rapid rate of development is very similar to that for [125I]ScTX binding. These findings and those in the preceding paper suggest the existence of two types of Na+ channels: an immature, nonfunctional channel capable of binding [125I]ScTX alone, and a mature, functional channel capable of binding both [125I]ScTX and [3H]saxitoxin. They further suggest that the insertion of the immature form of the channel protein into the cell membrane shortly after cell fusion is the first event in the expression of the sodium channel. During development, the sodium channel undergoes a structural change which renders it functional. The possibility that both the appearance of functional sodium channels during development and the rapid induction of functional channels by ScTX in immature myotubes reflect a post-translational modification or aggregation of immature nonfunctional channels is discussed.
Localization and characterization of [3H]desmethylimipramine binding sites in rat brain by quantitative autoradiography
Authors: Biegon A , Rainbow TC
Published: April 2018

The high affinity binding sites for the antidepressant desmethlyimipramine (DMI) have been localized in rat brain by quantitative autoradiography. There are high concentrations of binding sites in the locus ceruleus, the anterior ventral thalamus, the ventral portion of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the paraventricular and the dorsomedial nuclei of the hypothalamus. The distribution of DMI binding sites is in striking accord with the distribution of norepinephrine terminals. Pretreatment of rats with the neurotoxin 6- hydroxydopamine, which causes a selective degeneration of catecholamine terminals, results in 60 to 90% decrease in DMI binding. These data support the idea that high affinity binding sites for DMI are located on presynaptic noradrenergic terminals.
Alpha-internexin, a novel neuronal intermediate filament protein, precedes the low molecular weight neurofilament protein (NF-L) in the developing rat brain
Authors: Kaplan MP , Chin SS , Fliegner KH , Liem RK
Published: April 2018

alpha-Internexin is a 66 kDa protein that copurifies with intermediate filaments (IF) from rat spinal cord and optic nerve. This protein is axonally transported in rat optic nerve along with the neurofilament triplet proteins in slow component a. Polymerization in vitro and distribution in vivo confirm that alpha-internexin is a neuronal IF. We raised 2 highly specific monoclonal antibodies to alpha-internexin which were applied to frozen rat brain sections and Western blots of cytoskeletal extracts. These results indicate that alpha-internexin is primarily an axonal protein found in most, if not all, neurons of the CNS. Immunoreactive proteins of similar molecular weight were found in cytoskeletal extracts of CNS tissue from several additional species, including mouse and cow. While the distribution of alpha-internexin as given by immunocytochemical methods is similar to that of low molecular weight neurofilament protein (NF-L) in the adult, its distribution in the embryo is far more extensive. At embryonic day 16, when the expression of NF-L is still limited to a relatively small number of cells and levels of expression are low, alpha-internexin is already found at much higher levels and in cells not yet expressing NF-L in detectable quantities. Similar results are found at embryonic day 12. These data suggest that neuronal IF in the developing nervous system contain a higher proportion of alpha-internexin than their adult counterparts, and that expression of alpha-internexin precedes that of NF-L in many or most neurons of the developing brain.
Synaptic plasticity in fear conditioning circuits: induction of LTP in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala by stimulation of the medial geniculate body
Authors: Clugnet MC , LeDoux JE
Published: April 2018

Electrical stimulation of the medial geniculate body in the anesthetized rat produces an evoked potential in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala. The potential varies in amplitude with stimulus intensity and reaches peak amplitude in 8.5 msec on the average. High-frequency stimulation of the pathway produces long-lasting increases in the amplitude and slope of the potential. These robust and enduring experience-dependent modifications in neural transmission occur in a pathway known to be involved in the formation of emotional memories and may offer a means for examining the cellular mechanisms of emotional learning, as well as a new approach to questions concerning the relevance of long-term potentiation to normal mnemonic processes.