bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Current Status of GM and GE Crops
Authors: Pallett Ken
Published: May 2021

In recent months there have been regular announcements of new crops developed via new breeding techniques (NBTs) such as gene editing (GE) and the debate continues whether they should be considered as GM or not in the UK and Europe. It is not surprising that countries who approve cultivation
of GM crops are also approving new crops derived from GE technologies, so will gain an advantage from cultivation of these new crop varieties over the UK and Europe. The USA, Brazil and Argentina have a flexible approach for the regulation of crops derived from new breeding techniques such
as GE. Canada has recently (March 2021) reassessed their risk assessment policies for genetically engineered (GE) plants and food products and have started approvals.
Croplife Europe Virtual Conference 2021: Sustainable Solutions to Protect Crops
Authors: Blake Robin
Published: May 2021

This event was the first to be organised by CropLife Europe, formerly known as the European Crop Protection Association (ECPA), and was held virtually from 9th to 11th March 2021. The focus of the meeting was the current and future challenges in the implementation and application of
Regulation (EC) 1107/2009, and followed the successful regulatory conferences previously organised by ECPA and held each year in Brussels, Belgium. This article summarizes Day 1 and 2 of the conference.
Study of the railway embankment operation that crossing faults upland movements at different angles
Authors: Isaev Semyon
Published: May 2021

The article discusses the issues of the railway embankment operation crossing faults with upland movements at different angles. Examples of the engineering structures operation are given in this article: tunnels, bridges, roadbed, pipelines in conditions of tectonic activity. Existing regulatory documents recommend choosing a route with a bypass of the places where tectonic faults reach the ground’s surface. However, taking into account the existing fault-block structure of the ground’s crust, it is practically impossible to bypass the tectonic fault zones. The existing network of railways for the most part was laid without taking into account modern requirements norms. Therefore, it seems relevant to study the operation of both the operated and the projected railway track in the tectonic disturbances zones with upland movements. In this article, using the software and computing complex Midas GTS, designed for geotechnical calculations, a study of the railway embankment operation crossing at different angles in the horizontal plane faults with conditional upland movements of the fault block has been carried out. For this, a three-dimensional finite element model was created. The calculations used the Coulomb-Mohr elastoplastic soil work model. As a result, the deformations of the embankment’s main area were analyzed. The deformations components and their contribution to the overall value are considered in detail. Conclusions are made about the change in the longitudinal slope of the axis and the skew of the transverse profile of the main site. For the most deformed sections, normal and tangential stresses diagrams. The research results analysis made it possible to establish a number of characteristic regularities in the change in the embankment’s stress-strain state, depending on the angle between the track and the fault axes. The article is part of the author’s dissertation research
“SOU UM CORPO ESTRANHO NO CONJUNTO”: NARRATIVAS DE UM ESTUDANTE NEGRO MIGRANTE EM UMA UNIVERSIDADE BRASILEIRA
Authors: Rodrigues Caroline Vieira
Published: May 2021

RESUMO O pensamento moderno ocidental se constitui em um sistema de distinções visíveis e invisíveis de separação social, cultural e epistêmica. São linhas abissais (SANTOS, 2007) que determinam categorizações hegemônicas de sujeito, raça, língua e conhecimento, as quais posicionam, do lado superior da linha, um ideal de homem moderno e, do lado inferior, formas subalternas e silenciadas de ser e estar no mundo. Com o objetivo de problematizar como o aluno negro migrante sofre com os efeitos das divisões abissais no espaço universitário e produz uma resposta a essas categorizações estabelecidas no contexto, neste trabalho, trago os relatos de um estudante haitiano, graduando em uma universidade pública brasileira. Jean, aprovado no curso de Bacharelado em Geografia, por meio de uma política de inclusão de migrantes refugiados e portadores de visto humanitário no ensino superior, narrou algumas experiências vividas no seu primeiro semestre da graduação. A partir de suas narrativas, recorro a uma perspectiva de Linguística Aplicada Crítica (MOITA LOPES; FABRÍCIO, 2019; PENNYCOOK, 2001; 2006) para tecer reflexões sobre linguagem, racialidade e decolonialidade, com base em estudos de Almeida (2019), Anya (2017), Carneiro (2005); Gomes (2005), Fanon (2008), Nascimento (2019) e Santos (2007). Discuto ainda como o conceito de raça, construído social, histórica, cultural e discursivamente (GOMES, 2005) e a racialização das identidades (ANYA, 2017) reproduzem linhas abissais em diferentes segmentos da vida do estudante no espaço universitário e delimitam divisões coloniais de fala e silenciamento, legitimidade e exclusão.
FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES DE INGLÊS PARA ABORDAGEM DE QUESTÕES ÉTNICO-RACIAIS: PRÁTICAS PLANEJADAS E PRÁTICAS MANIFESTAS
Authors: Santos Joelma Silva
Published: May 2021

RESUMO Documentos oficiais relacionados à Lei 10639/03 dispõem orientações gerais para sua implementação nas instituições de ensino superior. Porém os cursos de formação de professores de inglês ainda carecem de fundamentos específicos e práticos para a abordagem do conteúdo da Lei no ensino deste idioma. Isso significa que muitos/as professores/as de inglês em exercício não se apropriaram de conhecimentos teórico-metodológicos para trabalharem questões raciais em suas aulas (FERREIRA, 2006). Este artigo consta da descrição de conteúdos, metodologia e teorizações derivadas das aulas de um curso de extensão sobre as questões étnico-raciais e culturas de matriz africana no ensino de inglês. Neste curso, estiveram envolvidos 8 professores/as de inglês atuantes na educação básica e superior de Salvador (BA), e teve a duração de 45h. Gradativamente, como uma contingência do grupo, parte das aulas voltou-se para o compartilhamento de narrativas de discriminação. O evento levou-me a constatação da importância da fala como mecanismo de consolação do sofrimento, assim como insumo fundamental para o redimensionamento das identidades sociais raciais dos/as docentes. Instaurou-se, assim, o momento healing storytelling como parte metodologicamente necessária desta formação. A experiência não só ofereceu base teórica para os/as professores/as abordarem as questões sociais, históricas e culturais referentes ao negro quanto aguçou sua percepção para eventos cotidianos de racismo que já haviam assistido, escutado ou vivenciado dentro e fora da sala de aula. A identidade social racial do/a sujeito/a professor/a parece determinante da forma com a qual ele/ela compreende as questões étnico-raciais e de como se posicionam diante desses temas.
EDUCANDO PELAS MÉTRICAS DO MERCADO: AS PROPOSTAS DO EMPRESARIADO PARA A JUVENTUDE DA CLASSE TRABALHADORA E A REFORMA DO ENSINO MÉDIO
Authors: Quadros Sérgio Feldemann de , Krawczyk Nora
Published: May 2021

Pautar as políticas educacionais tem sido uma atividade recorrente do empresariado, e a reforma do ensino médio se consolidou como um traço emblemático desta influência. Este artigo analisa o significado do projeto educacional do empresariado para a juventude e para o ensino médio, desvelando seus propósitos e pressupostos, e a maneira como se articularam à Reforma. Esta análise tem origem em uma pesquisa de mestrado que fez uso de fontes primárias e secundárias, como documentos elaborados por fundações empresariais – com destaque para o Todos Pela Educação e o Instituto Unibanco –; documentos legislativos e normativos. A partir desse conjunto de documentos, foram selecionadas três categorias analíticas, consideradas mais relevantes pela maneira como fundamentam as propostas do empresariado: a pedagogia das competências, o accountability e o protagonismo juvenil. Conclui-se que o projeto educacional do empresariado para a juventude da classe trabalhadora se caracteriza por uma ‘captura’ da subjetividade, em que as competências socioemocionais procuram encarnar nos jovens o autocontrole, o trabalho em equipe e a resiliência – no seio da crise estrutural do capital –; o accountability pretende subjetivar a racionalidade neoliberal advinda do capital financeiro, com sua persecução neurótica pelo incremento de ‘capital humano’; e o protagonismo juvenil se caracteriza como uma estratégia pela qual o capital procura ‘submeter ativamente’ os jovens à sua racionalidade, ou seja, por meio dos discursos e das estratégias de manipulação, busca fazer o jovem acreditar que é o autor de sua própria dominação.
PERSPECTIVAS DE FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES NOS TRABALHOS DAS FEIRAS CATARINENSE DE MATEMÁTICA: UM OLHAR PARA A CATEGORIA PROFESSOR
Authors: Scheller Morgana , Gonçalves Araceli
Published: May 2021

A formação de professores no Brasil tem sido foco de interesse e pesquisas nas últimas décadas e tem contribuído para a compreensão e o avanço da área. Porém, quando seu direcionamento caminha para Feiras de Matemática, tais pesquisas ainda são incipientes. Com vistas a contribuir para que este dado se modifique, o presente estudo é o resultado de uma pesquisa qualitativa centrada na problemática: que perspectivas de formação de professores podem se revelar a partir dos textos escritos decorrentes dos trabalhos apresentados na categoria Professor nas Feiras Catarinense de Matemática? Para isso, o corpus de análise foi constituído de 38 publicações registradas nos anais do evento, relativas à categoria Professor, no tocante ao período de 2014 a 2019. A análise descritiva e interpretativa do corpus revelou que há distintas perspectivas de formação de professores: uma, em maior destaque, mais próxima da racionalidade prática; outra, mais relacionada à racionalidade crítica e, por fim, uma terceira relacionada à racionalidade técnica. Portanto, é possível evidenciar uma tendência dos professores expositores a relatarem práticas que buscam superar o tradicional, valorizando mais destacadamente as ações oriundas de suas próprias experiências bem-sucedidas, mas também com vistas a algo advindo da práxis. Concluímos indicando a pertinência de discussões no âmbito da Feira acerca das implicações de cada uma das perspectivas de formação identificadas, bem como sugerindo problematizar a categoria Professor.
Percepção da autoimagem corporal em adolescentes com transtornos psiquiátricos: Revisão Sistemática
Authors: Candido Ana Claudia , Ferraz Sarah , Cruz Mateus Vinicius , Bavaresco Daniela , Luz Giordana da , Vieira Rita Suselaine , Tuon Lisiane , Ceretta Luciane , Colonetti Tamy
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Mapear as evidências sobre a presença de insatisfação com a percepção corporal entre adolescentes com transtornos psiquiátricos. Bases de dados: revisão sistemática utilizando as bases de dados MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, IBECS, LILACS e literatura cinza (Google Acadêmico) utilizando as seguintes palavras chaves: “Mental Disorders”, “BodyImage”, “BodyDysmorphicDisorders”, e “Adolescent” e seus sinônimos consultadas no Medical SubjectHeadings (MeSH). Síntese de dados: Foram incluídos nesta revisão dez estudos publicados entre os anos de 1995 a 2015, incluindo os países: Espanha, Portugal, Itália, Canadá, Estados Unidos e Alemanha. Todos os estudos tiveram delineamento do tipo transversal e os transtornos psiquiátricos avaliados foram Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade, Transtorno Depressivo e Transtornos Alimentares. Os dez estudos incluídos nesta revisão apresentam resultados significativos para presença de Distúrbio de Imagem, maior insatisfação corporal e alterações na percepção da autoimagem corporal associados à presença de transtornos psiquiátricos em adolescentes. Conclusão: Os resultados deste trabalho indicam que adolescentes com transtornos psiquiátricos apresentam maior frequência de Distúrbio de Imagem, insatisfação corporal e alterações na percepção da autoimagem corporal.
The Dance and Movement Work of Jennifer Pike Cobbing: Economies of Effort and Vitality Dynamics
Authors: Thurston Scott
Published: May 2021

Jennifer Pike (1920-2016) was a major artist whose practice traversed the disciplines of painting, drawing, sculpture, textiles, ceramics, photography, jewellery-making, poetry and performance. Although a fuller appreciation of the scale and range of her achievements has been recently enabled by the making of a film about her life and work by Holly Antrum (Catalogue, 2013) and the publication of two volumes of selected works by Veer books (The Conglomerization of Wot and Scrunch, both 2010), her work has still yet to be the subject of extended academic consideration. One aspect of Pike's practice which is of particular interest to my larger project of examining the relationships between poetry and movement (2011, 2012, 2013), is her dance and movement work which was often conducted in the context of collaborative performance with sound and visual poet Bob Cobbing and musicians such as Veryan Weston, Lol Coxhill and Hugh Metcalfe. This article introduces this aspect of Pike's practice and offers some theoretical framing from Dee Reynolds' work on economies of effort (2007) and Daniel Stern's work on vitality dynamics (2010) before analysing recordings of performances from 2002 and 2007. An earlier draft of this article was presented as a paper at 'Outside-in / Inside-out: A Festival of Outside and Subterranean Poetry' at the University of Glasgow, 5-8 October, 2016. See Ellen Dillon's conference report in JBIIP 9.1. This article is dedicated to the memory of Jennifer Pike.
Imagining the Kenyan Canaan dream journey in cyber space
Authors: Wabende Kimingichi
Published: May 2021

With technological advances made in contemporary times, new literary genres have emerged in digital space, with an attendant rise in the performance of rhetorical discourse on social media platforms. In the run up to Kenyan elections on 8 August 2017, the opposition leader Raila Odinga, whose father Jaramogi Oginga Odinga wrote a book titled Not Yet Uhuru, packaged himself as the biblical Joshua with a quest to liberate Kenyans and take them to the Promised Land, Canaan. This biblical analogy depicted in Odinga’s speeches propelled Kenyans to engage in creative descriptions of the Canaan journey using social media. This play on imaginings of a Canaan journey, as displayed in cyber space, became a performance of biblical analogies, dreams, and expectations by rival characters in an ensuing online drama. In this article I examine the digital orality in the emergent texts found on Kenyan social media platforms as a form of online liveness. It focuses on social media exchanges that are inspired by Odinga’s quest (as captured in his speeches) to take Kenyans to Canaan. Placed within the framework of online liveness studies, it analyses how, using digital media, spatially dispersed Kenyans shared creative memes, messages, and tweets that allowed them to vicariously undertake the Canaan journey online. I utilise Carl Jung’s theory of archetypes and collective unconscious to explore the journey motif, framed within an analogy of the Israelites’ journey from captivity, with Odinga portrayed as a hero who pursues the political quest of delivering Kenyans to the land of Canaan.
Murine intestinal cell dissociation suitable for multi-omics single-cell assays v1
Authors: L White Mackenzie , Kosters Astrid , Cervantes-Barragan Luisa , Ghosn Eliver
Published: May 2021

Here we present an optimized protocol for the single-cell suspension of murine intestines (here we used ileum) optimized for contemporary multi-omics single-cell assays including high-dimensional flow cytometry and single-cell RNA-seq. This protocol provides a rapid and efficient method of digesting mouse ileum into a single-cell suspension with a short processing time, high viable cell yield, and it preserves cell-surface markers throughout the process. Notably, the protocol utilizes a Collagenase-I/Benzonase-based 37°C water bath dissociation method and collects already digested cells at several steps during the process to prevent over-digestion (fractioning technique). Tissues were normalized by length (2.5 cm) and weight (averaged 79.5 mg) and measured for cell yield and viability. We obtained an average total cell yield of ~4.4E6 +/- 1.4E6 cells, and average viability of ~56 +/- 13% (n=7) (Figure 1). By flow cytometry, ~30%-50% of cells were CD45+ immune cells, with the remainder of the cell population being CD45- non-immune cells (i.e., epithelial and stromal cells). To optimize this protocol, several other conditions were tested, including different digestive enzymes, mechanical digestion techniques, the inclusion of an intraepithelial layer (IEL) digestion, and an antioxidant cocktail addition. We summarize our main findings about the optimization of this protocol below: Collagenase-I provided the highest number of total yield and viable cells when compared to Collagenase-IV and Liberase. Enzymatic digestion in a 37°C waterbath and vortexing the cell solutions proved more successful in cell yield and viability than different combinations of the gentleMACS Tissue Dissociator (Myltenyi) intestine digestion programs, including its m_ intestine _1 and 37_m_LPDK programs and variations in their run times. We have also validated a protocol to separate the IEL before the rest of the ileum, and have found it compatible and therefore able to be adopted with the recommended protocol while maintaining a similar yield of viable cells. An IEL separation protocol has been included in a separate section at the end. By using our "fractioning technique", in which cells that are digested early on are removed before digesting the rest of the tissue separately, total cell yield and viability are increased. We tested several antioxidant combinations (Gluthatione, Vitamin C, and Vitamin E) and found higher live cell yield when excluding these antioxidants from the Collagenase-I digestion step. Based on these findings, this murine intestinal digestion protocol is rapid and efficient and can be used for multi-omics single-cell assays such as high-dimensional flow cytometry and single-cell RNA-sequencing.
Occurrence of vaccine or drug reactions in bovine carcass
Authors: Souza U. J. A. , Manini D. L. , Gomes J. E. G. , Pinto L. C. , Souza B. M. S.
Published: May 2021

The present study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of abscesses from vaccine or drug reactions in the muscle tissue of bovine carcasses and to establish the location of these abscesses in half-carcasses, in a slaughterhouse located in the northwest of the State of São Paulo, under the supervision of the State Inspection Service (SISP). It was possible to identify that 13.50% of the half-carcasses evaluated had vaccine abscesses and of these 91.46% were in the forequarter, 52.50% of these affected the neck, and 27.50% fell. Currently, there is still the presence of abscesses in bovine carcasses from vaccine and drug reactions, which are found in greater proportion in the forequarter, due to the recommendations of this region for the application of vaccines and medications.
From subgaussianity to stochastic approximation and modelling
Authors: Olenko A. Ya.
Published: May 2021

The modern theory of subgaussian random variables and processes was created by independent efforts of several research schools from France, USA and Ukraine. Professor Yu.Kozachenko was a founder and leading figure of this research direction of the Ukrainian probability school. An outline of Professor Yu.Kozachenko's contribution to the theory of sub-Gaussian random variables and processes is presented. The class of $\varphi$-subgaussian random variables is introduced and its key property is discussed. Then it is demonstrated how these results can be used in stochastic approximation and modeling. In particular, applications to approximation of trajectories of $\varphi$-subgaussian random processes with given accuracy and reliability are discussed. Two important clases of algorithms from the signal processing theory, the Shannon sampling method and wavelet decompositions, are used as examples. Some personal memories of the author about Yu. Kozachenko are included at the end of the paper.
ONGOING DISCUSSION REGARDING THE CORRELATION BETWEEN EXPROPRIATION AND SALES
Authors: Antonenko Anastasiia
Published: May 2021

Purpose. The purpose of the article is ongoing discussion regarding the correlation between expropriation (namely – the purchase of private property objects for public use) and sales, expanding the arguments in favor of inexpediency of their identification and further determining the need to abandon the use of civil agreements in the expropriation procedure. Methods. The research methodology consists of general and special methods of scientific cognition, including historical and legal, comparative and legal, systematic and structural methods, deduction, induction, analysis, synthesis, etc. Results. The author, in the first part of the article, briefly studies the main arguments of scholars, which were put forward in the pre-revolutionary period to support and criticize the idea of defining expropriation as forced sales. The author formulates the preconditions for the use of civil agreements in the expropriation procedure and comes to the conclusion that there were no necessary conditions for settling redemption issues for public needs without private law instruments in pre-revolutionary times. In the second part of the article, the author lists the main differences between the relations of expropriation and sales, which are covered in the modern Ukrainian scientific literature, and supplements it with the own analysis of the differences between them. Conclusions. The analysis carried out in the article demonstrates that the relationships of redemption for public needs are not relationships of sales, and cannot be recognized as civil ones on the grounds that the expropriation procedure involves the conclusion of the purchase and sale agreement. The author pays attention to the fact that legal instruments that logically mediate the civil relations of sales – are not intended and should not be used in atypical situations. The author offers to consider the possibility of introducing a new instrument for Ukraine – an expropriation agreement – into legal circulation, which can correct the shortcomings of the current legislation.
HARMONIZATION OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL REGULATION OF STATE GOVERNANCE OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IN UKRAINE: SOME LANDMARKS
Authors: Bevz Svitlana
Published: May 2021

The aim of this article is to consider the impact of international law and European Union law on legislation of Ukraine in general and on the state governance of economic field in particular. The methods of formal logic are used: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, generalization. The author analyzes the notion of “international act” and “international treaty” and determines what acts impact to national legislation; synthesizes and generalizes her own vision of the degree of influence of acts of international law on the legislation of Ukraine. Elements of Europeanization of administrative and legal regulation of state governance of economic field is delimited deductively. Conclusions are drawn about the need to change the content of state governance functions in economic field with applying induction. Results and conclusions. The author draws attention to the different status of international acts and international treaties. The Ukrainian state implements the European integration policy and development of its legislation, the systems of state agencies are influenced not only by treaties and acts that have been ratified, but also by those not ratified by the Verkhovna Rada, though approximation to which is being implemented. It is emphasized that the legal personality implemented by the state shall define the enforceable international acts. The analysis of international acts developed by non-governmental organizations (UNIDROIT, UNCITRAL, etc.) suggests that they are mostly of a private law nature and may become a source of regulation in state – business entity relations at the micro level, i.e. those relations in which the state exercises its economic competence by acting as the owner of the property. At the same time, the regulatory framework of state governance of economic activity at the macro level is influenced by international treaties, in which Ukraine participates as authority. International treaties governing state legal relations also contain rules governing certain private legal relationships (trade agreements, double tax agreements, legal aid agreements). The article also highlights one of the trends in the development of administrative law in many European countries, including Ukraine, i.e. the Europeanization of administrative law. The elements of Europeanization of administrative and legal regulation of state governance of economic activity are determined.
THE GROUNDS AND PROCEDURE OF THE INTEGRITY TEST OF EMPLOYEES OF THE NATIONAL ANTI-CORRUPTION BUREAU OF UKRAINE
Authors: Braverma Olesia
Published: May 2021

Purpose – to determine the legal and factual grounds for the integrity test of employees of the National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine, to formulate the stages of this procedure. Methods. This research was done by using general and special methods of scientific cognition. With the help of abstraction methods, analysis and synthesis the author managed to identify the grounds and stages of implementation of this phenomenon by rejecting the insignificant peculiarities of the integrity test. Dialectical and logical methods allowed clarifying the essence of factual and legal grounds for the integrity test, to specify the list of concepts. Using forecasting and modeling, the author has proposed a specific model of legal regulation of the grounds and procedure for the integrity test of employees of the National Anti- Corruption Bureau of Ukraine. Results. Legal (regulatory) and factual (material) grounds for the integrity test of employees of the National Bureau are examined in this article. It is identified that the legal (regulatory) ground is, in fact, the legislative permission for the integrity test. The definition of the factual (material) ground for the test was suggested to be a certain legal fact that causes the necessity for an integrity test by the Department of Internal Control of the National Bureau. The testing procedure of employees of the National Bureau has been defined. Conclusions. The scientific research showed that now there are no proper legal grounds for conducting the integrity test of employees of the National Bureau, as the legal grounds for conducting the integrity test in the National Bureau are stated in the internal document. At the same time, the author has improved the factual grounds for conducting the integrity test. It was suggested to establish a procedure of the integrity test, which will consist of 10 stages in a separate section of the Law of Ukraine “On the National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine”.
Evaluation Of QuEChERS Sample Preparation For Determination Of Benzimidazoles Residues In Meat By UPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Bayer O.V. , Bondarets O.V. , Mykhalska V.М. , Shevchenko L.V. , Stupak О.М. , Fesenko J.V. , Dovgopol Y.V. , Liniichuk N.V. , Kovalenko V.L. , Galka I.V. , Кryvenok M. J. , Poliakovskyi V.M.
Published: May 2021

A liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric (LC–MS/MS) multi-residue method has been used for the simultaneous quantification and identification of 9 residues and metabolites of benzimidazole derivatives that the most widely used as anthelmintic veterinary drugs of animals. The modified QuEChERS method was used for sample preparation, which was initially developed for pesticide residue analysis. This paper highlights how quick, easy, cheap, effective and rugged the QuEChERS extraction method is. The method was successfully validated according to the 2002/657/EC guidelines. Recovery of analytes was in the range 99 – 110 %. The decission limits (ССα ) were calculated at MRL level for analytes with an established permitted limit as next: 104.5 μg kg-1 (albendazole), 53.2 μg kg-1 (fenbendazole), 54.2 μg kg-1 (flubendazole), 12.1 μg kg-1 (levamisole), 53.9 μg kg-1 (cambendazole), 64.2 μg kg-1 (mebendazole), 52.5 μg kg-1 (parabendazole), 105.8 μg kg-1 (thiabendazole), 234.2 μg kg-1 (triclobendazole). The suitability of the assay has been assessed through InterVal Software by quo data GmbH (Germany). The method achieves high quality of the results, good recovery, repeatabilities, within-lab reproducibilities, and wide analytical scope and has practical benefits, low cost, high sample throughput, little labor used and few lab ware.
Pharmacokinetics Of Chitosan-Ethacridine Adduct In Rats
Authors: Antonyuk V.O. , Manko N.O. , Nektegaev I.O. , Stoika R.S.
Published: May 2021

The objective of this study is to investigate the pharmacokinetics of the chitosan-ethacridine adduct in white rats. It was demonstrated that the kinetics of ethacridine release from adduct are significantly different from that for intraperitoneally introduced ethacridine. When free ethacridine was introduced, 80% of the administered amount was detected in blood of rats in 30 min. This quantity decreased gradually until 20 h, when 1.25% of the administered amount was detected. Contrary, for chitosan-ethacridine adduct, the ethacridine content in the blood slowly increased for 8 h and then decreased. Even after 72 h of the injection, 3% of the injected amount of ethacridine was detected. The experiment demonstrates a significant delay in the release of ethacridine from the chitosan-ethacridine adduct in the blood of treated rats. Thus, a possibility of using chitosan for prolongation of action of the ethacridine as an antiseptic agent was shown.
Adding Interest to Educational Practices. Propositions for a Post-Critical Pedagogy
Authors: Schildermans Hans
Published: May 2021

The aim of this paper is to outline a way of theory development in educational thinking that stays true to the insights and commitments of post-critical pedagogy, while at the same time drawing out a slightly different pattern. The paper suggests five different propositions that reformulate the Manifesto for a Post-Critical Pedagogy in a speculative-pragmatic mode, informed by the philosophies of Alfred North Whitehead, William James, and Isabelle Stengers. Central to this way of doing theory is that it is situated by actual educational practices and that theory development itself is conceived as a way of taking care of our abstractions through the formation of concepts. What is at stake in this mode of doing theory is adding interest to educational practices, making them come to matter in a particular way. In doing so, post-critical pedagogy offers a way of analyzing educational practices of the present and the past, while opening up possibilities for designing educational practices for the future, without defining what the future might look like.
Post-Critique, Politics, and the Political in Educational Philosophy
Authors: Hodgson Naomi
Published: May 2021

The recent Manifesto for a Post-Critical Pedagogy introduced a specifically pedagogical register into theoretical and methodological consideration of post-critique. Focusing on a specific aspect of the Manifesto – the view that the political concerns of much critical educational research position education as instrumental to politics to the extent that the “educational” in educational research is left out of the picture – I ask to what extent we can defend the view that education and politics should be separate in our enquiries? Drawing on a particular account of the separation of education and politics I suggest that what is at issue is not the political as such but the particular, sociological, register of politics at work in critical educational research. To bracket out the political is potentially to leave everyday flesh and blood experiences of education out of the picture.
Critique in the Age of Trump
Authors: Castiglia Christopher
Published: May 2021

This article argues that the practices of critique have naturalized the political strategies deployed by Donald Trump and his European counterparts. At its extreme in current ‘call out’ politics, the tendencies of critique – the clear and absolute oppositions between right and wrong, the vilification of those who find themselves on the opposite side than the critic, the tendency to locate such oppositions within identity discourses – have emerged in the Trump era as the vicious, ad hominem, anti-dialogic strategies that mark both the Right and the Left.
Strategies and Business Models for Improving Broadband Connectivity in Latin America and the Caribbean: Guidelines for the Planning, Investment, and Rollout of Broadband Networks
Authors: Puig Gabarró Pau , García Zaballos Antonio , Iglesias Rodriguez Enrique , Sepúlveda Ana , Wong Alex , Yoo Christopher
Published: May 2021

Achieving universal and affordable digital connectivity is an essential goal for all countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Although significant progress has been made to advance the state of connectivity for the countries in this region, there are still significant challenges ahead (both from the private and public sector perspectives): high financial and operating risks; energy supply issues; poor coordination among regulatory and policy making bodies; lack of public sector capacity and resources, and the absence of a conducive investment and regulatory climate that promotes investment and competitive principles. The objective of this report is to: first, make a compilation and analysis of global business and financial models, best practices, innovations and progresses around the topic of digital infrastructure, including middle and last mile connectivity; and second, serve as a guidance tool for policy makers, regulators, government officials as well as private sector and community leaders in LAC, to better assess alternatives for improving broadband connectivity, and tailor best practices and approaches to their own country's needs.
Effect of the Properties of Chalcopyrite Semiconductors on the Physical and Optical Parameters of Cell Layers with CIGS
Authors: Rachedi Merwan , Merad Abdelkrim , Lorenzini Giulio , Ahmad Hijaz , Menni Younes , Ameur Houari , Sifi Ibtissem
Published: May 2021

In this paper, the impact of various buffers of applying components on the effectiveness of CuInGaSe2 solar cells is studied numerically. The SCAPS software is employed to achieve the investigation. The main parameters of the inspected devices are: the photovoltaic conversion effectiveness (η), the filling factor (FF), short-circuit current (Jsc), and open circuit voltage (Voc). These photovoltaic parameters are analyzed vs. the thickness in the various buffer layers under study. The numerical findings revealed that the most significant conversion effectiveness (23.4%) of the CIGS solar cell is obtained with the CdS buffer layer. An attempt is conducted to improve this efficiency by using the SCAPS and by optimizing the two electrical and technological parameters of the three layers (ZnO, CdS, CIGS).
SIMULAÇÃO CLÍNICA: EDUCAÇÃO PARA EQUIPE DE ENFERMAGEM NO CUIDADO AOS PACIENTES COM SONDA NASOENTERAL
Authors: Corrêa Ana Paula Almeida , Dalla Nora Carlise Rigon , Silva Stella Marys Rigatti , Viegas Graziela Lenz , Sousa Gabriele Peres , Beghetto Mariur Gomes
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: compreender como a equipe de enfermagem percebe a simulação clínica como metodologia de educação no cuidado ao paciente hospitalizado em uso de sonda nasoenteral. Método: trata-se de um estudo exploratório, descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, realizado com 64 técnicos de enfermagem em um hospital de Porto Alegre, no Sul do Brasil, em agosto e setembro de 2017. Realizou-se uma intervenção de educação por meio de simulação clínica, as quais foram gravadas e transcritas. Utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo para tratamento dos dados. Resultados: foram estabelecidas duas categorias: as potencialidades da simulação clínica como metodologia de educação e os desafios da simulação clínica para a prática da educação. Conclusão: os profissionais da enfermagem perceberam as potencialidades da atividade de simulação e se mostraram colaborativos e preocupados em revisar as práticas de cuidados em terapia nutricional enteral. A simulação clínica é uma metodologia promissora a ser utilizada na educação permanente em serviço.
ESTADO DE SAÚDE E REPRESENTAÇÕES SOBRE A DOENÇA NA PERSPECTIVA DE PORTADORES DE DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Costa Santos Luciana Soares , De Andrade Alessandra Thomaz , Silva-Rodrigues Fernanda Machado , De Ávila Livia Keismanas
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: avaliar o estado de saúde e suas dimensões em pacientes com Diabetes Mellitus, atendidos em um hospital de ensino, à luz do Modelo do Senso Comum. Método: estudo descritivo, com análise qualitativa dos dados. Participaram 20 pacientes hospitalizados e em atendimento ambulatorial. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo e interpretados segundo os conceitos do Modelo do Senso Comum. Resultados: os discursos foram categorizados de acordo com a identidade da doença e suas concepções; duração e tempo para o diagnóstico e os sintomas; causas da doença e suas explicações; consequências e tratamento; controle e percepções sobre o prognóstico. Considerações finais: as concepções do estado de saúde e suas dimensões relacionadas ao Diabetes Mellitus, interpretadas à luz do Modelo do Senso Comum, descreveram-no como uma doença com sinais físicos e com potencial de complicação, inclusive associada à morte; contudo, também revelaram o desconhecimento das reais causas e consequências da doença.

Descritores: Concepções. Diabetes Mellitus. Processo Saúde-Doença.

Descritores: Percepção, Avaliação em Saúde, Diabetes Mellitus, Processo Saúde-Doença.
RENDA E HÁBITO ALIMENTAR DE PESSOAS HIPERTENSAS
Authors: Borges Oliveira Cleise Cristine Ribeiro , Reis Carneiro Alana De Souza , Dos Santos Tatiane Araújo , Sampaio Elieusa E Silva , Moraes Mariana De Almeida , Pires Cláudia Geovana da Silva
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: verificar associação entre renda e hábitos alimentares de pessoas hipertensas em Multicentro de Saúde na cidade de Salvador, Bahia. Método: estudo transversal, com 221 hipertensos. Coletaram-se dados sociodemográficos e de hábitos alimentares, por meio de entrevista e instrumento padronizado, no período de julho a dezembro de 2017. Realizou-se análise bivariada utilizando teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson. O nível de significância estatístico adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: predominou consumo de verduras ou legumes (69,1%) e frutas (57,6%) em frequência menor que cinco dias/semana, e uso de produtos substitutivos do sal (69,6%) por pessoas com renda inferior a um salário mínimo; constatadas associações estatisticamente significantes (p=0,027, p=0,003, p=0,043, respectivamente). Conclusão: a associação entre renda e hábitos alimentares de pessoas hipertensas mostrou que aquelas com renda menor que um salário mínimo consumiam com menor frequência frutas e verduras ou legumes e faziam uso de produtos substitutivos do sal.

Descritores: Hipertensão. Renda. Economia da Saúde. Comportamento Alimentar
Crónica de la Jurisprudencia del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea
Authors: Ordóñez Solís David
Published: May 2021

Sumario: I. Introducción.—II. Primera parte. Los desarrollos jurisprudenciales del Derecho de la Unión Europea 1. La Carta y la interpretación de los derechos fundamentales a) No siempre se aplica la Carta b) La igualdad por razón del sexo y la igualdad de oportunidades c) El derecho a la protección de datos personales: transferencia internacional y seguridad nacional d) Las creencias religiosas de los pacientes y la asistencia sanitaria en la Unión e) Las limitaciones de la legislación bancaria italiana al derecho de propiedad, la libertad de empresa y la libre circulación de capitales 2. El espacio de libertad, seguridad y justicia a) El retorno y la expulsión de los no comunitarios b) Los refugiados y el abuso en la solicitud de asilo 3. El mercado único europeo a) La libre circulación de los trabajadores b) La libertad de establecimiento y la libertad de cátedra en Hungría de las universidades de otros países de la OMC y del EEE c) La Directiva de servicios, los apartamentos compartidos y las aplicaciones para taxis d) Contratación pública: ¿algún contrato puede salirle gratis a la Administración? e) El alcance de la tutela judicial efectiva y la cooperación administrativa en materia tributaria f) Las ayudas de minimis y la acumulación de ayudas 4. Las políticas europeas a) Los derechos sociales en la Unión: el empleo temporal y la vacaciones b) La protección de los consumidores y el uso de tarjetas bancarias c) La neutralidad en la red.—III. Segunda parte. La jurisprudencia europea, los jueces españoles y sus efectos en el Derecho interno 1. Las medidas cautelares de quien pierde el escaño en el Parlamento Europeo 2. La Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y de la Competencia ya no podrá plantear cuestiones prejudiciales 3. Las sentencias en materia de extranjería: sentencia Subdelegación del Gobierno en Barcelona y Subdelegación del Gobierno en Guadalajara 4. Las sentencias sobre cláusulas abusivas en los préstamos hipotecarios 5. La protección de los pasajeros del transporte aéreo 6. Las tasas a los servicios de comunicaciones 7. La protección frente a los despidos colectivos 8. La protección de los derechos de autor de intérpretes y productores en la reproducción de fonogramas 9. La fiscalidad de la energía y los hidrocarburos.—IV. Relación de las resoluciones judiciales comentadas.
Actualidad institucional y económica de España en el marco de la Unión Europea (Enero 2021)
Authors: Iñarritu Beatriz
Published: May 2021

Sumario: I. Introducción.—II. El Estado de la Integración.—III. Cuestiones generales de la actualidad económica
The abandonment of the Spitzenkandidaten System: (Un)sustainable democracy in the EU?
Authors: Espaliú Berdud Carlos
Published: May 2021

In the process of the parliamentarisation of the EU, the Treaty of Lisbon took a further step forward by introducing into the founding treaties - Article 17.7 TEU- the need to take into account the elections to the European Parliament for the appointment of the President of the Commission. Nevertheless, the European Parliament has been trying to impose its interpretation of Article 17.7 TEU, which has been coined into the Spitzenkandidaten doctrine, according to which the head of the party winning the elections should be elected as Commission President. The Parliament succeeded in imposing its vision with the occasion of the appointment of Juncker in 2014. Nevertheless, by not proposing Manfred Weber, the leader of the most voted party in the 2019 elections, as President, the European Council has prevented the consolidation of the 2014 precedent. Article 17.7 of the TEU also expresses the desire to bring the European elections closer to the citizens, so that their opinion is taken into account when the President of the Commission is elected. And it seems that both the results of participation in 2019 and the perception of the voters show that the Spitzenkandidaten system has been useful for that purpose. In any event, I consider that the fact that citizens voted in the 2019 elections in the belief that their votes would be decisive in appointing the President of the Commission and, in the end, it was not elected an Spitzenkandidaten as head of the Commission, is a very serious lack of consideration for citizens.

Received:  03 February 2021Accepted: 25 March 2021
Social sustainability and social (Dis)trust in outgroups: Evidence from Germany and Spain using the Factorial Survey
Authors: Bartolomé Edurne , Dülmer Hermann , Coromina Lluís
Published: May 2021

In the short to medium term, ethnic diversity tends to reduce trust. This negative relationship can be explained by social identity theory and integrated threat theory. The latter theory distinguishes realistic (socio-economic) threat perceptions from symbolic (cultural) ones. Huntington believes that with the end of the Cold War, conflicts shifted from being primarily economic to cultural, mainly religious ones. The goal of this article is to disentangle for the first time the impact of different sources of perceived threat as well as of in-group/out-group–based differences on trust by using a factorial survey conducted in Bilbao (Spain) and Cologne (Germany). Our main findings are that although both towns differ in religious and socio-economic composition, their citizens possess a similar level of generalised trust and perceive socio-economic threat as being much stronger than cultural threat. Weak evidence is also found for in-group/out-group–based differences in particularised trust.

Recibido: 03 February 2021Aceptado: 10 March 2021
El método histórico-crítico en Filosofía
Authors: Filippi Silvana
Published: May 2021

Este artículo describe el método histórico-crítico en el campo de la filosofía y los problemas a los que se halla vinculado. Esto involucra, entre otras cuestiones, el rol de la historia de la filosofía en el desarrollo de la filosofía teorética y la distinción entre historiografía e historia propiamente dicha. Se comienza destacando la relevancia del método histórico-crítico en lo que respecta a la filosofía, lo cual tiene su fundamento en el indispensable conocimiento que el filósofo ha de tener de la génesis del pensar. Seguidamente se analiza el sentido elemental del método entendido como búsqueda de los factores históricos y culturales, externos e internos, que inciden en los textos filosóficos. Dado que, si se limitase a ello, el método histórico-crítico sería insuficiente, se hace referencia a la historia de la filosofía como reconstrucción racional de las doctrinas precedentes. Finalmente, se apela a la distinción entre Historie y Geschichte, surgida en el campo de los estudios bíblicos, para considerar los límites de aplicación del método histórico-crítico. En suma, este análisis nos conduce desde el mero documentalismo como modo primario de conservar y recuperar información sobre la sucesión de doctrinas filosóficas a la historiografía como tarea sistemática de ordenamiento cronológico con el auxilio de diversos instrumentos específicos, para llegar a la historia entendida como reconstrucción racional y crítica del pensar y, finalmente, a lo que en teología, pero también en filosofía, ha sido llamado Geschichte, esto es, el acontecer profundo que da real sentido a la trama del pensar.
Prestar oído a lo indecible. La interpretación: entre hermenéutica y deconstrucción
Authors: Muñoz González Diana M.
Published: May 2021

Haciendo de la obra poética de Paul Celan la ocasión para exhibir el modo en que la hermenéutica filosófica de Hans-Georg Gadamer opera en el encuentro dialógico que establece con los textos, este artículo reconstruye inicialmente la lectura gadameriana de algunos poemas de Paul Celan y, posteriormente, contrasta este enfoque interpretativo con el adoptado por el filósofo francés Jacques Derrida, representante de esa otra vertiente hermenéutica de inspiración heideggeriana conocida como deconstrucción. También lector y admirador de Celan, Derrida opone al principio hermenéutico de Gadamer, que persigue restituir la unidad de sentido del texto, el carácter abierto, secreto e indecibible del poema. Pese a sus diferencias, se trata, sin embargo, de mostrar en este artículo que en ambos casos se busca responder a una negatividad que recorre el poema, cuyo silencio elocuente interpela y moviliza la lectura que se desarrolla, empero, en dos direcciones: la hermenéutica y la deconstructiva, respectivamente. Prestar oído a esta negatividad, a lo inaudible del poema celaniano, se revela, pues, como el impulso común al que responden estos dos filósofos contemporáneos, gracias a lo cual sus enfoques se muestran más cercanos de lo que a primera vista suele pensarse.