bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improved electrochemical performance of spinel LiMn2O4 derived from manganese-based metal–organic frameworks by organic ligands
Authors: Huo Yong-Lin , Gu Yi-Jing , Chen Zi-Liang , Ma Xiao-Yu , Wu Fu-Zhong , Dai Xin-Yi
Published: June 2023

The spinel LiMn2O4 cathode has received substantial attention from researchers owing to its high voltage plateau, eco-friendliness, and cost-effectiveness.
“Two birds with one stone” strategy for oil/water separation based on Ni foams assembled using metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Chen Xin-Xin , Zhang Yu-Ping , Du Hong-Li , Wan Li , Zuo Cheng-Gang , Qu Ling-Bo
Published: June 2023

Superwetting/superantiwetting NFs were fabricated via in situ growth of a bimetallic Fe/Ni-MOF by solvothermal synthesis and solution immersion. Both NFs with opposite wettability were successfully used for oil/water separation.
Construction of hierarchical multilayered nanomaterials derived from Co-MOFs supported by pyromellitic acid for advanced lithium storage performance
Authors: Chen Guohua , Wang Liying , Liu Yunfei , Miao Xin , Cao Zhenzhu , Zhang Yongfeng
Published: June 2023

Multilayered materials with tuned morphologies and sizes derived from Co-MOFs in different solvent ratios were synthesized and exhibited high lithium storage capacity. The excellent performance may be attributed to the specific structure.
Computational investigation of novel pyrimidine derivatives as potent FAK inhibitorsvia3D-QSAR, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation and retrosynthesis
Authors: El Bahi Salma , Boutalaka Meryem , El Alaouy Moulay Ahfid , Bouamrane Soukaina , Alaqarbeh Marwa , Choukrad M’barek , Sbai Abdelouahid , Bouachrine Mohammed , Lakhlifi Tahar
Published: June 2023

Focal adhesion kinase is upregulated in various types of cancer and has become an important research target for the development of more effective anticancer drugs.
Elucidating the performance benefits enabled by YSZ/Ni–YSZ bilayer thin films in a porous anode-supported cell architecture
Authors: Develos-Bagarinao Katherine , Yamaguchi Toshiaki , Kishimoto Haruo
Published: June 2023

Incorporation of YSZ/Ni–YSZ bilayer thin films into porous anode-supported cells enables the suppression of Ni diffusion and the formation of stable interfaces.
Superparticles of gold nanorods with controllable bandwidth and spectral shape for lipophilic SERS
Authors: Li Xun , Chen Xi , Liu Jie , Zhao Xiaoyu , Liu Jia , Cheng Zhiqun , Deng Tian-Song
Published: June 2023

A superparticle assembly method with predictable spectral bandwidth and shape prepared by batch gradient descent (BGD) algorithm fitting and emulsion method is proposed, which could be used in SERS for lipophilic dye molecules.
Double stimuli-responsive azobenzene containing poly(2-oxazoline)s: synthesis, light, and temperature-responsive behavior
Authors: Wang Shu , Poudel Purushottam , Schacher Felix H. , Kaberov Leonid I.
Published: June 2023

Simple strategy for the synthesis of well-defined light- and temperature-responsive poly(2-oxazoline)s via modification of partly hydrolyzed poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline).
CdS-POM nanosheets for highly efficient visible-light-driven H2 evolution
Authors: Shi Wen-Xiong , Liu Zhi-Yong , Zhang Zhi-Ming
Published: June 2023

Polyoxometalates/metal-sulfide heterojunction can efficient photocatalytic split water to produce hydrogen to alleviate environmental pollution and the energy crisis.
Recent advances and strategies of electrocatalysts for large current density industrial hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Wu Tong , Sun Mingzi , Wong Hon Ho , Chan Cheuk Hei , Lu Lu , Lu Qiuyang , Chen Baian , Huang Bolong
Published: June 2023

The urgent demand for sustainable energy resources has boosted research into highly efficient electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).
Heterometallic ruthenium–osmium complexes: dual photodynamic and photothermal therapy for melanoma and drug-resistant lung tumourin vivo
Authors: Deng Yu-Ang , Tang Shi-Jie , Wang Meng-Fan , Ren Xiaoxia , Li Xue-Lian , Zeng Li-Zhen , Ren Dan-Ni , Wang Meng-Ru , Xiao Wei-Lie , Cai Zhong-Yan , Zhang Dan , Zhang Hongbin , Gao Feng
Published: June 2023

A hetero-dinuclear Ru–Os complex can entirely eradicate PDT-resistant melanoma and cisplatin-resistant non-small cell lung tumors by dual PDT/PTT under an 808 nm low-power laser. It also has low hepatorenal toxicity and low metal residue in mice.
Hydrocarbon degradation strategy and pyoverdine production using the salt tolerant Antarctic bacterium Marinomonas sp. ef1.
Authors: Zannotti Marco , Ramasamy Kesava Priyan , Loggi Valentina , Vassallo Alberto , Pucciarelli Sandra , Giovannetti Rita
Published: June 2023

Marinomonas sp. ef1, in 1% (v/v) of diesel and biodiesel was able to reproduce itself, confirmed by the OD600 curve; the decrease of COD parameter confirmed the degradation of diesel; in the case of biodiesel the bacteria synthesized a secondary fluorescent compound.
Controllable structural and optical properties of NaYF4:Tm, Yb microparticles by Yb3+ doping for anti-counterfeiting
Authors: Tuyen Vuong Thanh , Huy Bui Q. V. , Tong Nguyen Ba , Ngoc Lam Tran Thi , Ferrari Maurizio , My Dung Cao Thi , Dieu Thuy Ung Thi , Van Tran T. T.
Published: June 2023

The correlation between the Yb3+ doping content & structural and luminescence properties of NaYF4:Tm, Yb UCMPs.
Pd-catalyzed intermolecular consecutive double Heck reaction “on water” under air: facile synthesis of substituted indenes
Authors: Wei Dong , Lu Han-Yu , Miao Han-Zhe , Feng Chen-Guo , Lin Guo-Qiang , Liu Yingbin
Published: June 2023

An efficient and environmentally benign method for the preparation of substituted indenes has been developed by using water as the sole solvent.
The synthesis of pharmacologically important oxindoles via the asymmetric aldol reaction of isatin and the investigation of the organocatalytic activity of new alicyclic β-amino acid derivatives
Authors: Faragó Tünde , Remete Attila M. , Szatmári István , Ambrus Rita , Palkó Márta
Published: June 2023

This work involves the synthesis and subsequent development of a number of novel organocatalysts generated from β-amino acids bearing diendo and diexo norbornene skeletons to improve their catalytic characteristics.
The switch-off method: rapid investigation of flow photochemical reactions
Authors: Drelinkiewicz Dawid , Alston Stephen T. , Durand Thomas , Whitby Richard J.
Published: June 2023

The ‘Switch-Off’ method for rapid investigation of flow photochemical reactions was developed and three model reactions were investigated. Full photoreaction profiles were obtained with exposure times from maximum down to zero.
Catalytic regeneration of metal-hydrides from their corresponding metal-alkoxides via the hydroboration of carbonates to obtain methanol and diols
Authors: Deka Hemanta , Ritacco Ida , Fridman Natalia , Caporaso Lucia , Eisen Moris S.
Published: June 2023

The hydroboration of cyclic and linear carbonates and the depolymerization of polycarbonates towards boronated diols and methanol catalyzed by N-heterocyclic iminato thorium complexes is presented.
Rapid synthesis of a CuZn-MOF via controlled electrodeposition: manifesting enhanced overall electrocatalytic water splitting
Authors: Aashi  , Alagar Srinivasan , Krishankant  , Gaur Ashish , Bera Chandan , Bagchi Vivek
Published: June 2023

Herein, we demonstrate the rapid electrodeposition of bimetallic MOF on nickel foam substrate in a controlled electrochemical reaction condition. The CuZn-BTC-250 electrode exhibits excellent activity towards overall water splitting reaction.
Re-entrant transitions of locally stiff RNA chains in the presence of polycations leads to gelated architectures
Authors: Malhotra Isha , Potoyan Davit A
Published: June 2023

The liquid–liquid phase separation of protein and nucleic acid mixtures drives the formation of numerous membraneless compartments in cells.
Microfluidic nanobubbles: observations of a sudden contraction of microbubbles into nanobubbles
Authors: Paknahad Ali A. , Zalloum Intesar O. , Karshafian Raffi , Kolios Michael C. , Tsai Scott S. H.
Published: June 2023

Utilizing a microfluidic flow-focusing chip to generate monodisperse bulk nanaobubbles. We make the surprising observation of a critical microbubble diameter above and below which the scale of bubble shrinkage dramatically changes.
A coarse-grained molecular model of amyloid fibrils systems
Authors: Daghash Shaden M. , Matus Rivas Oscar M. , Mezzenga Raffaele , Rey Alejandro D.
Published: June 2023

This work presents molecular model identification for macroscopic chirality emergence in amyloid fibrils. The data driven model captures the cholesteric phase behaviour of amyloid fibrils, and it is extendible to other colloidal liquid crystals.
Do non-coordinating polymers function as host materials for solid polymer electrolytes? The case of PVdF-HFP
Authors: Hernández Guiomar , Lee Tian Khoon , Erdélyi Máté , Brandell Daniel , Mindemark Jonas
Published: June 2023

PVdF-HFP does not coordinate to lithium ions, therefore it is a poor polymer host for solvent-free polymer electrolytes.
Design of an array structure for carbon-based field-effect-transistor type gas sensors to accurately identify trace gas species
Authors: Zou Qiaoqiao , Liu Bin , Zhang Yong
Published: June 2023

A carbon-based FET gas sensor with a noble metal nanoparticles/Co3O4 composites sensing gate is proposed to detect trace gases as low to 80 ppb. A sensor array with different sensing gates is designed to achieve accurate recognition of gases.
Rational design of elastin-like polypeptide fusion proteins to tune self-assembly and properties of protein vesicles
Authors: Li Yirui , Dautel Dylan R. , Gray Mikaela A. , McKenna Michael E. , Champion Julie A.
Published: June 2023

Protein vesicle self-assembly and size can be tuned by manipulating the amino acid sequence and length of elastin like polypeptide.
Magnetization reversals in magnetosome linear-chain assemblies extracted from magnetotactic bacteria: an experimental and micromagnetic simulation study
Authors: Park Gyuyoung , Jo Hyeonah , Oh Yeon-Ju , Pathak Saurabh , Kim Sang-Koog
Published: June 2023

Linear-chain assemblies of magnetosomes, extracted from AMB-1 magnetotactic bacteria, are composed of biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles. Their complex magnetization reversal mechanism is discovered through micromagnetic simulation analysis.
Fourth-generation solar cells: a review
Authors: Rehman Fatima , Syed Iqrar Hussain , Khanam Saira , Ijaz Sumbel , Mehmood Haris , Zubair Muhammad , Massoud Yehia , Mehmood Muhammad Qasim
Published: June 2023

Solar cells have provided a solution to the prevailing energy crisis and environmental contamination in the ongoing energy-driven era because of their potential to utilize solar energy.
Inflammation in the pathogenesis of depression: a disorder of neuroimmune origin
Authors: Corrigan Myles , O'Rourke Aoife M. , Moran Barry , Fletcher Jean M. , Harkin Andrew
Published: June 2023

There are several hypotheses concerning the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of major depression, which centre largely around adaptive changes in neuronal transmission and plasticity, neurogenesis, and circuit and regional connectivity. The immune and endocrine systems are commonly implicated in driving these changes. An intricate interaction of stress hormones, innate immune cells and the actions of soluble mediators of immunity within the nervous system is described as being associated with the symptoms of depression. Bridging endocrine and immune processes to neurotransmission and signalling within key cortical and limbic brain circuits are critical to understanding depression as a disorder of neuroimmune origins. Emergent areas of research include a growing recognition of the adaptive immune system, advances in neuroimaging techniques and mechanistic insights gained from transgenic animals. Elucidation of glial–neuronal interactions is providing additional avenues into promising areas of research, the development of clinically relevant disease models and the discovery of novel therapies. This narrative review focuses on molecular and cellular mechanisms that are influenced by inflammation and stress. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of our current understanding of depression as a disorder of neuroimmune origin, focusing on neuroendocrine and neuroimmune dysregulation in depression pathophysiology. Advances in current understanding lie in pursuit of relevant biomarkers, as the potential of biomarker signatures to improve clinical outcomes is yet to be fully realised. Further investigations to expand biomarker panels including integration with neuroimaging, utilising individual symptoms to stratify patients into more homogenous subpopulations and targeting the immune system for new treatment approaches will help to address current unmet clinical need.
A deep image segmentation‐based method for stitching ancient‐book images without an overlapping region
Authors: Chen Genlang , Zhou Han , Huang Gang , Song Guanghui , Zhang Jiajian
Published: June 2023

With continuous advancements in ancient‐book digitization and preservation research, the problems with the stitching of ancient‐book images have become increasingly prominent, as traditional feature‐mapping‐based methods cannot satisfactorily stitch non‐overlapping images. To realize the accurate stitching of the left and right pages of ancient‐book images, this paper proposes a method for ancient‐book image stitching to meet the requirements of their digitization in back‐wrapped binding and other binding forms. First, a dataset of the black text frames from ancient‐book images was established and then used to train a VGG16‐UNet network for the extraction of black text frames. Then, the Douglas–Peucker algorithm was used to fit the black text frames and filter outliers. Finally, a sliding matching algorithm based on the position information of black text frames was proposed for the rectification of misalignments. The results showed that the method achieved a satisfying stitching effect and had good robustness.
Explore the potential of deep learning and hyperchaotic map in the meaningful visual image encryption scheme
Authors: Chen Wei , Wang Yichuan , Xiao Yeqiu , Hei Xinhong
Published: June 2023

In recent years, meaningful visual image encryption schemes that the plain image is compressed and encrypted and then hidden into the carrier image have received increasing attention. This paper proposes a new meaningful visual image encryption scheme, which consists of three stages: compression (compression network)—encryption (2D‐SLC hyperchaotic map)—hiding (matrix encoding). First, the advantages of deep learning are explored. It can compress the width, height, channel, and pixel values of the plain image simultaneously. Second, a new 2D‐SLC hyperchaotic map is designed to ensure security. It has a larger chaotic space and better randomness. Finally, to obtain a high‐quality cipher image, the secure secret image is hidden in the grey carrier image by matrix encoding. The scheme can compress and encrypt the grey or colour plain image and then hide it in a grey carrier image. In addition, the theoretical peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) between the cipher image and the carrier image is improved from 40.9292 to 42.1785 dB. The total running time is only about 0.35, 0.87 and 3.1 s for a 256 × 256, 512 × 512 and 1024 × 1024 grey or colour plain image, respectively.
Biosynthesis of ZnO.Ag2O3 using aqueous extract of Haplophyllum obtusifolium: Characterization and cell toxicity activity against liver carcinoma cells
Authors: Khalil Abad Majid Halimi , Nadaf Mohabat , Taghavizadeh Yazdi Mohammad Ehsan
Published: June 2023

The zinc oxide‐silver oxide nanocomposite (ZnO.Ag2O3 particles) was prepared by using an aqueous plant extract of Haplophyllum obtusifolium for the first time. Powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transforms spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were applied to analyze the structure, functional groups, morphology, and purity of the prepared nanocomposite. PXRD revealed the formulation of ZnO.Ag2O3 for the particles. The investigation of functional groups has demonstrated the presence of some carbonated impurities along with absorbed water in the composition of the ZnO.Ag2O3 nanocomposite. Morphologically, particles have formed a petal‐like shape with different sizes. The EDX analysis also confirmed the composition of the prepared sample and the presence of 4.78% silver in the formula. Additionally, the TEM analysis revealed spherical and rectangular shapes with a particle size of 80.43 ± 46.73 nm. Moreover, the ZnO.Ag2O3 particles were used against cancer cells, which has shown synthesized NCs have a toxic effect against liver cancer cells in a concentration and time‐dependent manner.
Deep reinforcement learning‐based routing and resource assignment in quantum key distribution‐secured optical networks
Authors: Sharma Purva , Gupta Shubham , Bhatia Vimal , Prakash Shashi
Published: June 2023

In quantum key distribution‐secured optical networks (QKD‐ONs), constrained network resources limit the success probability of QKD lightpath requests (QLRs). Thus, the selection of an appropriate route and the efficient utilisation of network resources for establishment of QLRs are the essential and challenging problems. This work addresses the routing and resource assignment (RRA) problem in the quantum signal channel of QKD‐ONs. The RRA problem of QKD‐ONs is a complex decision making problem, where appropriate solutions depend on understanding the networking environment. Motivated by the recent advances in deep reinforcement learning (DRL) for complex problems and also because of its capability to learn directly from experiences, DRL is exploited to solve the RRA problem and a DRL‐based RRA scheme is proposed. The proposed scheme learns the optimal policy to select an appropriate route and assigns suitable network resources for establishment of QLRs by using deep neural networks. The performance of the proposed scheme is compared with the deep‐Q network (DQN) method and two baseline schemes, namely, first‐fit (FF) and random‐fit (RF) for two different networks, namely The National Science Foundation Network (NSFNET) and UBN24. Simulation results indicate that the proposed scheme reduces blocking by 7.19%, 10.11%, and 33.50% for NSFNET and 2.47%, 3.20%, and 19.60% for UBN24 and improves resource utilisation up to 3.40%, 4.33%, and 7.18% for NSFNET and 1.34%, 1.96%, and 6.44% for UBN24 as compared with DQN, FF, and RF, respectively.
Experimental study on solidification/stabilization of heavy metal lead and chromium sludge solidified by cement-based materials
Authors: Zheng Chao , Xiong Kangwei , Yang Kun , Feng Deluan
Published: June 2023

To explore the strength change law and solidification mechanism of cement solidified heavy metal lead and chromium contaminated soil, ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) were used for solidification/stabilization treatment. Through the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the leaching toxicity test, the microscopic characteristics of the cement type, the cement content, the ion type, the ion concentration, and the age and their influence law on the strength characteristics of heavy metal contaminated soil were obtained. The UCS test shows that the compressive strength increases with the cement content and age. When OPC and MPC were used to solidify lead and chromium heavy metal contaminated soil, the compressive strength of OPC was greater than that of MPC, and when the curing age was 28 days, 20% of OPC and MPC satisfied the landfill requirements. The leaching toxicity test showed that after the solidification/stabilization of heavy metal lead and chromium contaminated soil by OPC and MPC, the leaching content of lead ions in the leaching solution conforms to the national limit. For chromium contaminated soil, the concentration was less than or equal to 5000mg/kg, which conform to the limit standard. When the concentration was 10000mg/kg, the content exceeded the limit. Therefore, heavy metal lead contaminated soil is more easily stabilized than chromium contaminated soil. Microscopic tests show that OPC solidified heavy metal contaminated soil is solidified/stabilized by heavy metal ions through hydration products, namely, ettringite and amorphous cementing materials. MPC is obtained by the hydration reaction of magnesium oxide and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate to form struvite, and heavy metal ions are encapsulated in the lattice to achieve solidification/stabilization.
Review of Recent Distillation Studies
Authors: Gao Minghong
Published: June 2023

Knowledge distillation has gained a lot of interest in recent years because it allows for compressing a large deep neural network (teacher DNN) into a smaller DNN (student DNN), while maintaining its accuracy. Recent improvements have been made to knowledge distillation. One such improvement is the teaching assistant distillation method. This method involves introducing an intermediate "teaching assistant" model between the teacher and student. The teaching assistant is first trained to mimic the teacher, and then the student is trained to mimic the teaching assistant. This multi-step process can improve student performance. Another improvement to knowledge distillation is curriculum distillation. This method involves gradually training the student by exposing it to increasingly difficult concepts over time, similar to curriculum learning in humans. This process can help the student learn in a more stable and consistent manner. Finally, there is the mask distillation method. Here, the student is trained to specifically mimic the attention mechanisms learned by the teacher, not just the overall output of the teacher DNN. These improvements help to enhance the knowledge distillation process and enable the creation of more efficient DNNs.
Développement d’un programme de patients simulés : partage de quinze ans d’expérience à l’Université de Lausanne
Authors: Viret Francine , Christen Ariane , Boegli Jo , Félix Sylvie
Published: June 2023

Contexte : Il y a plus de 15 ans, l’École de médecine de la Faculté de biologie et de médecine de l’Université de Lausanne (Suisse) s’est dotée d’un programme de patients simulés. Celui-ci a pour mission de contribuer à la formation et à l’évaluation des étudiants en médecine et à la formation continue des professionnels de la santé de plusieurs institutions. Objectifs : Cette publication décrit les ressources qui ont été nécessaires au développement du programme, les rôles pédagogiques des patients simulés et les processus de recrutement, formation et encadrement mis en place. Conclusion : Les standards de bonnes pratiques ont guidé l’évolution du programme, pour en faire un acteur reconnu de la formation dans le domaine de la santé.
Relevanz früher strukturierter Diagnostik zur erfolgreichen
Nervenrekonstruktion: Ein Fallbericht bei Nervus axillaris – Verletzung
einer alpinen Profi-Skisportlerin
Authors: Haas-Lützenberger Elisabeth Maria , Hladik Mortimer M. , Koban Konstantin Christoph , Giunta Riccardo
Published: June 2023

Unter den Sportarten mit hoher Geschwindigkeit zeigen sich im alpinen
Abfahrtslauf vermehrt Hochrasanztraumata. Wir berichten über eine junge
professionelle Skirennläuferin, die im Rahmen eines Weltcuprennens eine
Schulterluxation mit Abriss des Nervus axillaris erlitt. Nach Erstversorgung der
Schulterluxation blieb ihr eine Abduktionsschwäche, sowie ein
Sensibilitätsdefizit im Bereich des Musculus deltoideus zurück.
Nach elektrophysiologischen und klinischen Untersuchungen wurde sie erst nach
Verzögerung in unserem Zentrum vorstellig. Es wurde umgehend die
operative Versorgung mit Nerventransfer und Nerventransplantation
durchgeführt. Bereits 11 Monate nach ihrem Sturz konnte die Patientin
wieder mit ihrem Trainingsprogramm beginnen. Dieser Fallbericht zeigt die
Bedeutung frühzeitiger Diagnostik, Vorstellung in einem Zentrum
für Plastische Chirurgie und das gute Outcome nach operativer Therapie
bei peripheren Nervenverletzungen.
Schlaf hat’s ganz schön in sich
Authors: Dick Susanne
Published: June 2023

In diesem Artikel sind Schlafschrittmacher, der Einfluss von Licht, der
Schlaf-wach-Rhythmus, der zirkadiane Rhythmus, Schlafmangel,
Reparaturvorgänge, Träume, Erinnerungsvermögen und
Neurotransmitter das Thema. Des Weiteren werden osteopathische Vorgehensweisen
vorgestellt, die bei Schlafstörungen unterstützend zur
Wiederherstellung einer guten Schlafhygiene angewendet werden
können.
Operative Herangehensweise bei und osteopathische Behandlung nach
Hüft-TEP-Implantation
Authors: Grasmück Jürgen , Buekens Jo
Published: June 2023

In diesem Beitrag wird anatomisch-physiologisch auf die operative Intervention
der Hüft-TEP-Implantation eingegangen und es werden die ossären
Kraftübertragungswege vom Ilium auf das Femur und umgekehrt
fokussiert.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Cryoanalgesia for Pain Management following Pectus Excavatum Repair: A Single-Center, Single-Blind, Parallel Design Study
Authors: Rim Gong Min , Kim Hee Kyung , Koo Jung Min , Park Hyung Joo
Published: June 2023

Introduction Conventional postoperative pain management, with an intravenous patient-controlled approach or thoracic epidural analgesia, has proved suboptimal following a minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum. Considering its postulated mechanism of action, we encouraged cryoanalgesia as an effective method for postrepair pain management and a possibly superior alternative.

Methods A randomized, single-blind clinical trial was tested on patients undergoing pectus excavatum (PE) repair in March and December 2022. Among 101 patients, consenting study participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups: cryoanalgesia (group C, n = 24) or noncryoanalgesia (group N, n = 24). Group N received conventional pain management. Comparing the results, pain levels were measured using the visual analog scale (VAS-R for resting and VAS-D for dynamic) and the total rescue analgesic consumption was determined. Intrathoracic cryoablation was performed bilaterally on the fourth and seventh intercostal nerves using a cryoprobe at −80°C for 2 minutes.

Results The two groups had similar baseline-patient characteristics; however, group C had a longer mean operative time (159 vs. 125 minutes, p < 0.01) and experienced significantly less pain throughout the postoperative course, with VAS at 6 hours (5.38 vs. 7.04, p < 0.01) and 48 hours (3.17 vs. 5.67, p < 0.01).

Conclusion Cryoanalgesia improved postoperative pain control at rest and during movement following PE repair. However, the outcome was less favorable than expected because the VAS was greater than 4 (moderate pain), although after a day or two, it decreased to lower levels (VAS < 4) in the cyro group. Considering its extra invasiveness and instrumentation, a routine cryoanalgesia procedure for pectus surgery is yet to be determined.
Is a higher frequency of esophageal dilations more effective in treating benign esophageal strictures? Retrospective, multicenter study
Authors: Graf Christiana , Reden Monika , Blasberg Tobias , Knabe Mate , May Andrea , Ell Christian , Wedi Edris , Wetzstein Nils , Michael Florian , Zeuzem Stefan , Bojunga Jörg , Friedrich-Rust Mireen
Published: June 2023

Background and study aims There is still a lack of evidence-based recommendations concerning endoscopic bougienage in benign esophageal strictures. Our study aimed to assess the relevance of the time interval between endoscopic dilation (ED) sessions with regard to endoscopic and clinical response.

Patients and methods We performed a retrospective study including patients treated with endoscopic bougienage for a benign esophageal stricture in two German centers. Primary endpoint was the number of ED until freedom from dysphagia was achieved. Secondary endpoints were analyses on reaching a diameter of 15 mm and on achieving clinical freedom from symptoms.

Results Between April 2014 and March 2020, bougienage was used as
the primary treatment for benign esophageal strictures in 238 patients (194 patients in Center
1; 44 patients in Center 2). Both centers differed in their endoscopic bougienage regime:
Center 1 was characterized by a higher frequency of interventions compared to Center 2
(median: 2 days [range 1–28] vs. 10 days [range 1–41]; P<0.001).
Clinical response was achieved significantly earlier using the high-frequency regimen in all
patients except for those with post-radiogen strictures, who clinically benefited from a
low-frequency ED program. Accordingly, patients receiving higher-frequency ED reached a
significantly larger post-dilation diameter and considerably larger diameter
differences.

Conclusions The results of our study demonstrate that a treatment
concept consisting of higher-frequency bougienages seems to be more effective in treating most
types of esophageal stricture. Radiogenic strictures were the only types of stenoses that
benefited from a lower frequency ED program.
Safety and efficacy of underwater versus conventional endoscopic mucosal resection for colorectal polyps: Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs
Authors: Chandan Saurabh , Bapaye Jay , Khan Shahab R. , Mohan Babu P. , Ramai Daryl , Dahiya Dushyant S. , Bilal Mohammad , Draganov Peter V. , Othman Mohamed O. , Rodriguez Sánchez Joaquin , Kochhar Gursimran S.
Published: June 2023

Background and study aims Conventional endoscopic mucosal resection (C-EMR) is limited by low en-bloc resection rates, especially for large (> 20 mm) lesions. Underwater EMR (U-EMR) has emerged as an alternative for colorectal polyps and is being shown to improve en-bloc resection rates. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the two techniques.

Methods Multiple databases were searched through November 2022 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing outcomes of U-EMR and C-EMR for colorectal polyps. Meta-analysis was performed to determine pooled proportions and relative risks (RRs) of R0 and en-bloc resection, polyp recurrence, resection time, and adverse events.

Results Seven RCTs with 1458 patients (U-EMR: 739, C-EMR: 719) were included. The pooled rate of en-bloc resection was significantly higher with U-EMR vs C-EMR, 70.17% (confidence interval [CI] 46.68–86.34) vs 58.14% (CI 31.59–80.68), respectively, RR 1.21 (CI 1.01–1.44). R0 resection rates were higher with U-EMR vs C-EMR, 58.1% (CI 29.75–81.9) vs 44.6% (CI 17.4–75.4), RR 1.25 (CI 0.99–1.6). For large polyps (> 20 mm), en-bloc resection rates were comparable between the two techniques, RR 1.24 (CI 0.83–1.84). Resection times were comparable between U-EMR and C-EMR, standardized mean difference –1.21 min (CI –2.57 to –0.16). Overall pooled rates of perforation, and immediate and delayed bleeding were comparable between U-EMR and C-EMR. Pooled rate of polyp recurrence at surveillance colonoscopy was significantly lower with U-EMR than with C-EMR, RR 0.62 (CI 0.41–0.94).

Conclusions Colorectal U-EMR results in higher en-bloc resection and lower recurrence rates when compared to C-EMR. Both techniques have comparable resection times and safety profiles.
Effects of Electron-Donor and Counter-Cation in Photoinduced Deboronative and Decarboxylative Aryl Radical Generation Using Two-Molecule Photoredox Catalysts
Authors: Yoshimi Yasuharu , Hashimoto Ryoga , Furutani Toshiki , Suzuki Hirotsugu
Published: June 2023

In this study, we investigated the effects of electron-donors and counter-cations on the visible-light-induced deboronation and decarboxylation of arylboronic acid derivatives and benzoic acids using two-molecule photoredox catalysts. Different efficiencies in aryl radical generation were observed upon replacing the electron-donor and counter-cation. The rate of photoinduced deboronation of arylboronic acid derivatives strongly depends on the substituent, whereas the influence of counter-cation (Na+ and K+) was relatively minor. In the case of the benzoate ion derived from benzoic acid, the effect of both substituent and counter-cation decreases because of the complex mechanism. Additionally, the dependence of the oxidation ability of the radical cation on the electron-donor suggests the possibility of roughly estimating the oxidation potentials of the arylborate and benzoate ions.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Conventional Physiotherapy Methods and Robot-Assisted Gait Training after Botulinum Toxin Injection of Lower Extremities in Children with Cerebral Palsy: Prospective Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Güç Ayşe , Çebiçci Mehtap Aykaç , Sütbeyaz Serap Tomruk , Çalış Havva Talay , Abakay Hanife
Published: June 2023

There are increasing numbers of studies regarding robot-assisted gait training thanks to technological developments and whether it is superior to conventional physiotherapy methods draws attention. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of conventional physiotherapy methods and robot-assisted gait training in children with cerebral palsy receiving botulinum toxin injection of lower extremities. A total of 28 patients who were followed up in our clinic and had received botulinum toxin injection of lower extremities in the last month were randomized into two groups in the study. First group received conventional physiotherapy (range of joint motion [ROM], stretching, gait training, etc.), and the other group received robot-assisted gait training. The study population was evaluated pre- and posttreatment regarding their ROM, spasticity, gross motor function, balance, functional independence, and gait analyses. When we look at the responses of the patients before and after treatment, a statistically significant change was observed in all fields when comparing before treatment with after treatment (p <  0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. We find that both conventional physiotherapy methods and robot-assisted treatments after botulinum toxin injection of lower extremities in children with cerebral palsy were efficient; however, one of both methods was not superior to the other. In addition, further large-scale studies with long-term follow-ups on the comparison of treatment methods are needed.
Imaging the Ear Anatomy and Function Using Optical Coherence Tomography Vibrometry
Authors: Dong Wei , Meenderink Sebastiaan W.F.
Published: June 2023

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a novel technology for performing real-time high-speed and high-resolution cross-sectional imaging on the micro-scale in situ. It is analogous to ultrasound imaging, except that it uses light instead of sound. OCT has recently been introduced in auditory research to visualize the various structures of the ear with a minimally invasive operation. In addition, OCT can be used as a vibrometry system that is capable to detect sound-induced sub-nanometer vibrations of the middle and inner ear. OCT-vibrometry measures depth-resolved vibrations into the specimen, which overcomes several limitations of classical vibrometry techniques (e.g., single surface point measurements using laser interferometry). In this article, we illustrate how to visualize the anatomy and function of the middle and inner ear (the cochlea) in a gerbil model using recently developed spectral-domain OCT. Our results demonstrate that the largest clinical impact of OCT for otology is to visualize various pathologies and quantify sound conduction and processing in the individual peripheral human ear.
Research Hotspots and Trends in the Diagnosis of Chorioamnionitis: Based on Bibliometric Analysis from 2010 to 2022
Authors: Guo Xiaojun , Wang YiXiao , Obore Nathan , Qian Wei , Yu Hong
Published: June 2023

Objective This study aimed to conduct a bibliometric analysis of literature related to the diagnosis of chorioamnionitis (CAM) and to point out the current research progress, hotspots, and development trends of CAM research.

Study Design Literature on the diagnosis of CAM from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) between 2010 and 2022 was retrieved. CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Online Analysis Platform (OALM) were used to draw maps of authors, articles, journals, institutions, countries/regions, and keywords.

Results A total of 312 articles were included, and the number of articles gradually increased over the study period. The author with the largest number of articles was Roberto Romero. The institution with the largest number of articles was Wayne State University School of Medicine, and the United States was the country that produced the largest number of articles. Analysis of keywords and outbreak words suggested that future research hotspots and trends may focus on early treatment of CAM and more precise, noninvasive, and more sensitive diagnoses.

Conclusion In this study, visualization software and data information mining were innovatively used to conduct a bibliometric analysis of articles in the field of CAM diagnosis, and the current status, hotspots, and development of this field were obtained. Future research hotspots may be the precision diagnosis and treatment of CAM.

Key Points
Coronavirus Disease 2019-Related Fulminant Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
Authors: Çalışkan Burcu , Canbal Abdullah , Güven Ahmet Sami , Bitirgen Gülfidan , Erdi Mehmet Fatih , Çaksen Hüseyin
Published: June 2023

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension or pseudotumor cerebri syndrome (PTCS) is defined as an increase in intracranial pressure (ICP) without an identifiable and/or structural cause or abnormal cerebrospinal fluid content. The most common symptoms of PTCS include headache, vomiting, pulsatile tinnitus, blurred vision, and diplopia. In 2 to 3% of PTCS patients, severe and rapidly progressive vision loss may develop within 1 month since symptoms begin; this clinical condition is usually defined as fulminant idiopathic intracranial hypertension (FIIH). This study presented a patient admitted to the hospital with headache and blurred vision, who also had high severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections total antibody level and was treated with a lumboperitoneal shunt due to medical treatment-resistant increased ICP. We also reviewed similar cases previously reported in the literature. To the best of our knowledge, no children affected with coronavirus 2019 related to FIIH and requiring surgical treatment have been yet reported in the literature.
The Contribution of Neighborhood Context to the Association of Race with Severe Maternal Morbidity
Authors: Hacker Francis M. , Phillips Jaclyn M. , Lemon Lara S. , Simhan Hyagriv N.
Published: June 2023

Objective Severe maternal morbidity (SMM) has disproportionate frequencies among racial minorities and those of socioeconomic disadvantage, with people of Black race consistently having the highest proportion. Neighborhood level deprivation has been associated with maternal morbidity and mortality, including adverse pregnancy outcomes. We sought to explore the relationship between neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and SMM and describe how neighborhood context impacts the relationship between race and SMM.

Study Design We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of all delivery admissions in a single health care network from 2015 to 2019. Area deprivation index (ADI) was used to represent neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and is a composite index of neighborhood that spans income, education, household characteristics, and housing. The index ranges from 1 to 100 with higher values indicating higher disadvantage. Logistic regression assessed the relationship between ADI and SMM and estimated the effect that ADI has on the relationship between race and SMM.

Results Of the 63,208 birthing persons in our cohort, the unadjusted incidence of SMM was 2.2%. ADI was significantly associated with SMM, with higher values conferring higher risk for SMM (p < 0.001). The absolute risk of SMM increased roughly by 1.0% from the lowest to highest ADI value. Those of Black race had the highest unadjusted incidence of SMM compared with the referent group (3.4 vs. 2.0%) and highest median ADI (92; interquartile range [IQR]: 20). In the multivariable model, in which the primary exposure was race and ADI was adjusted for, Black race had a 1.7 times odds SMM when compared with White race (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5–1.9). This association was attenuated to 1.5 adjusted odds when controlling for ADI (95% CI: 1.3–1.7). Risk attenuation for SMM was not seen in other race categories.

Conclusion Neighborhood context contributes to SMM but does not explain the majority of racial disparities.

Key Points
The closo-Si12C12 molecule from cluster to crystal: Effects of hydrogenation and oligomerization on excited states
Authors: Duan Xiaofeng F. , Burggraf Larry W.
Published: June 2023

Excited state properties of chain and cyclic oligomers of closo-Si12C12 moieties are calculated using time-dependent density functional theory methods. Ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared photo-absorption properties are described for oligomers that form by linking closo-Si12C12 monomer moieties through Si–Si bonds. Natural transition orbitals for electron and hole states of stationary-state excitons in oligomers were compared to understand how exciton states are influenced by oligomer structure. Depending on the structure, some prominent excited states have large electron-hole charge separation while others do not; some exhibit exciton delocalization while others do not. With increasing oligomer length, the character of the transition between silicon and carbon regions tends to be maintained. And the extent of exciton delocalization and charge separation for an excitation is strongly influenced by the number and types of Si–Si links between oligomer units. We find that cyclic quadramers have spectroscopy properties akin to those of J-aggregates, including the tendency to collapse oligomer excitation transition energies into a narrow single peak. Hydrogenation influences some excited state distributions and energies. Phase behaviors reveal electron state or hole state equivalence in certain molecules that are differently hydrogenated, illustrating the potential for near-resonant exciton transfer between adjacent donor and acceptor species.
Optical spring effect enhanced by optical parametric amplifier
Authors: Zhang Jue , Sun Hengxin , Guo Hui , Blair Carl , Bossilkov Vladimir , Page Michael , Chen Xu , Gao Jiangrui , Ju Li , Zhao Chunnong
Published: June 2023

We experimentally demonstrate that the optical spring effect can be modified using an optical parametric amplifier in an opto-mechanical cavity. The theoretical analysis shows that both the gain and phase of the optical parametric amplifier can modify the frequency of a mechanical resonator in an opto-mechanical cavity. This modification could be used to tune the frequency of peak sensitivity of gravitational wave detectors. The experimental results show a factor of 1.2 ± 0.8 increase in mechanical resonator frequency shift induced by optical spring by tuning the optical parametric amplifier gain.
Evaluating approaches for on-the-fly machine learning interatomic potentials for activated mechanisms sampling with the activation-relaxation technique nouveau
Authors: Sanscartier Eugène , Saint-Denis Félix , Bolduc Karl-Étienne , Mousseau Normand
Published: June 2023

In the last few years, much effort has gone into developing general machine-learning potentials capable of describing interactions for a wide range of structures and phases. Yet, as attention turns to more complex materials, including alloys and disordered and heterogeneous systems, the challenge of providing reliable descriptions for all possible environments becomes ever more costly. In this work, we evaluate the benefits of using specific vs general potentials for the study of activated mechanisms in solid-state materials. More specifically, we test three machine-learning fitting approaches using the moment-tensor potential to reproduce a reference potential when exploring the energy landscape around a vacancy in Stillinger–Weber silicon crystal and silicon–germanium zincblende structures using the activation-relaxation technique nouveau (ARTn). We find that a targeted on-the-fly approach specific to and integrated into ARTn generates the highest precision on the energetics and geometry of activated barriers while remaining cost-effective. This approach expands the types of problems that can be addressed with high-accuracy ML potential.
Self-organized, periodic nanostructures in epitaxially grown SrRuO3 thin-film
Authors: Bagri Anita , Sahoo Sophia , Venkatesh R. , Phase D. M. , Choudhary Ram Janay
Published: June 2023

The three-dimensional (3D) nanosized compactness of devices is in high demand for the spintronic-device applicability. However, very few self-organized, periodic magnetic 3D nanostructures of transition metal oxides are known. Here, we report the direct microscopic evidence of a self-assembled, square-shaped, periodic array of coherent orthogonal nanoblock-type structure in an epitaxial SrRuO3 (SRO) thin film (∼90 nm thickness) grown on (001) LaAlO3 (LAO) using pulsed-laser deposition technique. The evolution of different growth facets of SRO over the LAO single crystalline substrate with different thickness are observed. The combined effect of substrate-induced strain and misfit is utilized to grow such self-assembled, ordered nanostructure. The spontaneous formation of such ordered ferromagnetic nano-devices can fill the gap of a miniaturized spintronic device for magnetic memory-based applications.
Photoinduced doping in hexagonal boron nitride
Authors: Perepeliuc A. , Gujrati R. , Srivastava A. , Vuong P. , Ottapilakkal V. , Voss P. L. , Sundaram S. , Salvestrini J. P. , Ougazzaden A.
Published: June 2023

Hexagonal boron nitride is shown to exhibit very significant persistent photoconductivity after UV illumination. This behavior can be initiated by sub-bandgap or close to bandgap illumination. Neither temperature nor pressure affects the buildup of photoinduced carriers. The effect persists at least for months at room temperature and is maintained significantly after heating up to 300 °C. Up to six orders of magnitude increased conductivity has been durably established in the devices, and the effect is reproducible. Double exponential fitting gives time constants up to 4600 days. Irradiation after having saturated the devices is shown to drastically reduce the decay rate. The bulk origin of such effect has been demonstrated. p-hBN/n-AlGaN diodes based on magnesium doped h-BN have been used to determine the type of conductivity through studies of junction capacitance variations under UV irradiation. Depending on illumination wavelength, both n- and p-type durable photoinduced carriers can be produced. These results are of interest for UVC LEDs in which the usual conductive AlGaN layers are still a hurdle toward efficient UV emitters.