bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KASPar SNP genetic map of cassava for QTL discovery of productivity traits in moderate drought stress environment in Africa
Authors: Ewa Favour , Asiwe Joseph N. A. , Okogbenin Emmanuel , Ogbonna Alex C. , Egesi Chiedozie
Published: May 2021

Cassava is an important staple in Sub-Sahara Africa. While its production has rapidly expanded to the dry savannahs of the continent, productivity is low in this ecology due to drought by farmers, extending the growth cycle from 12 months to 18, and sometimes 24 months to ensure better harvests. Yield is a complex trait and often difficult to manipulate for genetic gain in conventional breeding. Unfortunately, the dearth of molecular tools for decades has hampered molecular breeding (MB) to improve cassava productivity. This study was conducted to explore KASpar SNPs to generate more molecular tools to enhance genetic dissection of elite African germplasm for improved cassava productivity in dry environments of Africa where molecular resources are highly limited for crop improvement. To aid molecular genetic analysis of traits, a linkage map covering 1582.8 cM with an average resolution of 3.69 cM was constructed using 505 polymorphic SNP markers distributed over 21 linkage groups. Composite interval mapping using 267 F1 progeny in initial QTL mapping identified 27 QTLs for productivity traits in the dry savannah of Nigeria. The availability of KASPar SNPs are anticipated to improve the implementation of MB for the development of high performing drought-tolerant cassava varieties in Africa.
Hypertonic stress modulates eNOS function through O-GlcNAc modification at Thr-866
Authors: Li Chang , He An , Guo Yongzheng , Yang Xiyang , Luo Minghao , Cheng Zhe , Huang Longxiang , Xia Yong , Luo Suxin
Published: May 2021

O-GlcNAcylation, an energy-sensitive posttranslational modification, can regulate the activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Previous studies found that Thr866 is the key site for low-glucose-mediated regulation of eNOS O-GlcNAc. However, it is not known whether this activity functions through the Thr866 site concomitant with other physical and chemical factors. Therefore, we first explored the effects of physical and chemical factors on eNOS O-GlcNAc and its Thr866 site. In this study, hypertonic stress, hyperthermia and hydrogen peroxide all increased the expression levels of eNOS O-GlcNAc, whereas hypoxia and high levels of alcohol had no effect. on the expression levels of eNOS O-GlcNAc; by contrast, low pH led to a decrease in eNOS O-GlcNAc levels. Notably, eNOS O-GlcNAc protein levels were unchanged after Thr866 site mutation only under hypertonic conditions, suggesting that hypertonic stress may act through the Thr866 site. Upon exploring the mechanism of hypertonic stress on eNOS O-GlcNAc activity and function, we found that hypertonic stress can upregulate the expression of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) transferase (OGT), which is dependent on AMPK. When AMPK was knocked out, the upregulation of OGT expression and increased O-GlcNAc modifications induced by hypertonic stress were reversed.
Rotating flow assessment of magnetized mixture fluid suspended with hybrid nanoparticles and chemical reactions of species
Authors: Khan Noor Saeed , Shah Qayyum , Sohail Arif , Ullah Zafar , Kaewkhao Attapol , Kumam Poom , Zubair Seema , Ullah Naeem , Thounthong Phatiphat
Published: May 2021

The current study characterizes the effects of Hall current, Arrhenius activation energy and binary chemical reaction on the rotating flow of hybrid nanofluid in two double disks. By the use of suitable similarity transformations, the system of partial differential equations and boundary conditions for hybrid nanofluid are transformed to ordinary differential equations which are solved through optimal homotopy analysis method. The intensified magnetic field and hybrid nanofluid performances are represented in three dimensional model with flow, heat and mass transfer. Radial velocity decreases and tangential velocity increases with the Hall parameter. Temperature rises with high values of rotation parameter while it decreases with the Prandtl number. Nanoparticles concentration enhances with the increments in Arrhenius activation energy parameter and stretching parameter due to lower disk. There exists a close and favorable harmony in the results of present and published work.
Intuitive real-time control strategy for high-density myoelectric hand prosthesis using deep and transfer learning
Authors: Tam Simon , Boukadoum Mounir , Campeau-Lecours Alexandre , Gosselin Benoit
Published: May 2021

Myoelectric hand prostheses offer a way for upper-limb amputees to recover gesture and prehensile abilities to ease rehabilitation and daily life activities. However, studies with prosthesis users found that a lack of intuitiveness and ease-of-use in the human-machine control interface are among the main driving factors in the low user acceptance of these devices. This paper proposes a highly intuitive, responsive and reliable real-time myoelectric hand prosthesis control strategy with an emphasis on the demonstration and report of real-time evaluation metrics. The presented solution leverages surface high-density electromyography (HD-EMG) and a convolutional neural network (CNN) to adapt itself to each unique user and his/her specific voluntary muscle contraction patterns. Furthermore, a transfer learning approach is presented to drastically reduce the training time and allow for easy installation and calibration processes. The CNN-based gesture recognition system was evaluated in real-time with a group of 12 able-bodied users. A real-time test for 6 classes/grip modes resulted in mean and median positive predictive values (PPV) of 93.43% and 100%, respectively. Each gesture state is instantly accessible from any other state, with no mode switching required for increased responsiveness and natural seamless control. The system is able to output a correct prediction within less than 116 ms latency. 100% PPV has been attained in many trials and is realistically achievable consistently with user practice and/or employing a thresholded majority vote inference. Using transfer learning, these results are achievable after a sensor installation, data recording and network training/fine-tuning routine taking less than 10 min to complete, a reduction of 89.4% in the setup time of the traditional, non-transfer learning approach.
Sofosbuvir plus Ribavirin is effective for HCV elimination in people living with HIV from rural area of China
Authors: Chen Liyu , Du Lingyao , Kang Shuang , Ma Fanghua , Li Changmin , He Min , Bai Lang , Tang Hong
Published: May 2021

People living with HIV (PLWH) bear higher prevalence of HCV coinfection. An accessible directly acting antivirals regimen with less drug–drug interaction with antiretroviral therapy (ART) is urgently needed in source limited regions. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of SOF + RBV for 24 weeks regimen in HIV–HCV coinfected patients in Liangshan Prefecture, China. PLWH under ART from China’s national free antiretroviral treatment project (CNFATP) and diagnosed with treatment-naïve HCV infection were enrolled. SOF + RBV was administrated for 24 weeks and patients were followed for ≥ 12 weeks. The efficacy and safety were analyzed and related factors were explored. 58 patients completed 24 weeks of SOF + RBV and had all tests done. Genotype prevalence in this population was G3 44.8% (n = 26), G6 31.0% (n = 18) and G1 17.2% (n = 10) respectively. 52/58 (89.7%) patients achieved SVR12 while 10.3% experienced therapeutic failure. However, SVR12 was neither significantly different between groups of different gender, age, transmission routines, CD4+ cell count, HIV infection duration, ART duration and HBsAg prevalence nor influenced by HCV viral load, genotypes and hepatic stiffness. The regimen was well-tolerated without any serious AEs or AEs leading to treatment adjustment or discontinuation reported. PLWH in Liangshan showed a high prevalence of HCV coinfection with GT3 and GT6 as the most frequent genotypes. SOF + RBV for 24 weeks could achieve good SVR12 in this population and was well-tolerated. It has great potential to be generalized in coinfected population in source-limited regions.
Deep learning of material transport in complex neurite networks
Authors: Li Angran , Barati Farimani Amir , Zhang Yongjie Jessica
Published: May 2021

Neurons exhibit complex geometry in their branched networks of neurites which is essential to the function of individual neuron but also brings challenges to transport a wide variety of essential materials throughout their neurite networks for their survival and function. While numerical methods like isogeometric analysis (IGA) have been used for modeling the material transport process via solving partial differential equations (PDEs), they require long computation time and huge computation resources to ensure accurate geometry representation and solution, thus limit their biomedical application. Here we present a graph neural network (GNN)-based deep learning model to learn the IGA-based material transport simulation and provide fast material concentration prediction within neurite networks of any topology. Given input boundary conditions and geometry configurations, the well-trained model can predict the dynamical concentration change during the transport process with an average error less than 10% and $$120 \sim 330$$

120
∼
330

times faster compared to IGA simulations. The effectiveness of the proposed model is demonstrated within several complex neurite networks.
Hydrogel with silver nanoparticles synthesized by Mimosa tenuiflora for second-degree burns treatment
Authors: Martínez-Higuera Aaron , Rodríguez-Beas César , Villalobos-Noriega Jesús Mauro Adolfo , Arizmendi-Grijalva Abraham , Ochoa-Sánchez Carlos , Larios-Rodríguez Eduardo , Martínez-Soto Juan Manuel , Rodríguez-León Ericka , Ibarra-Zazueta Cristina , Mora-Monroy Roberto , Borbón-Nuñez Hugo Alejandro , García-Galaz Alfonso , Candia-Plata María del Carmen , López-Soto Luis Fernando , Iñiguez-Palomares Ramón
Published: May 2021

In this work we use Mimosa tenuiflora (MtE) extracts as reducing agents to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgMt NPs) which were characterized by DPPH and Total Polyphenols Assays, UV–visible, X-ray diffractometer (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). AgMt NPs possess average sizes of 21 nm and fcc crystalline structure, it was also confirmed that the MtE is present in the AgMt NPs even after the cleaning protocol applied. Subsequently, carbopol hydrogels were made and the MtE and the synthesized AgMt NPs were dispersed in different gels (MtE-G and AgMt NPs-G, respectively) at 100 µg/g concentration. The gels were characterized by UV–Vis, IR, and rheology. Antimicrobial tests were performed using Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Burn wound healing was evaluated in a second-degree burn injury on a Wistar rats model for 14 days and additional skin biopsies were examined with histopathological analysis. Gel with commercial silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) was prepared and employed as a control on the biological assays. Hydrogel system containing silver nanoparticles synthesized with Mimosa tenuiflora (AgMt NPs-G) is a promising therapeutic strategy for burn wound healing, this due to bactericidal and anti-inflammatory effects, which promotes a more effective recovery (in percentage terms) by damaged area.
Fungal diversity driven by bark features affects phorophyte preference in epiphytic orchids from southern China
Authors: Pecoraro Lorenzo , Rasmussen Hanne N. , Gomes Sofia I. F. , Wang Xiao , Merckx Vincent S. F. T. , Cai Lei , Rasmussen Finn N.
Published: May 2021

Epiphytic orchids exhibit varying degrees of phorophyte tree specificity. We performed a pilot study to investigate why epiphytic orchids prefer or avoid certain trees. We selected two orchid species, Panisea uniflora and Bulbophyllum odoratissimum co-occurring in a forest habitat in southern China, where they showed a specific association with Quercus yiwuensis and Pistacia weinmannifolia trees, respectively. We analysed a number of environmental factors potentially influencing the relationship between orchids and trees. Difference in bark features, such as water holding capacity and pH were recorded between Q. yiwuensis and P. weinmannifolia, which could influence both orchid seed germination and fungal diversity on the two phorophytes. Morphological and molecular culture-based methods, combined with metabarcoding analyses, were used to assess fungal communities associated with studied orchids and trees. A total of 162 fungal species in 74 genera were isolated from bark samples. Only two genera, Acremonium and Verticillium, were shared by the two phorophyte species. Metabarcoding analysis confirmed the presence of significantly different fungal communities on the investigated tree and orchid species, with considerable similarity between each orchid species and its host tree, suggesting that the orchid-host tree association is influenced by the fungal communities of the host tree bark.
Facet controlled growth mechanism of SnO2 (101) nanosheet assembled film via cold crystallization
Authors: Masuda Yoshitake
Published: May 2021

Cold crystallization of SnO2 was realized in aqueous solutions, where crystal growth was controlled to form SnO2 (101) nanosheet assembled films for devices such as chemical sensors. The nanosheets grew directly on a fluorine-doped tin oxide substrate without a seed layer or a buffer layer. The nanosheets had a thickness of 5–10 nm and an in-plane size of 100–1600 nm. Moreover, the large flat surface of the (101) facet was metastable. The thickness of the SnO2 (101) nanosheet assembled film was approximately 800 nm, and the film had a gradient structure that contained many connected nanosheets. TEM results revealed that the predominate branch angles between any two connected nanosheets were 90° and 46.48°, corresponding to type I and type II connections, respectively. These connections were consistent with the calculations based on crystallography. Crystallographic analysis clarified the characteristic crystal growth of the SnO2 (101) nanosheet assembled film in the aqueous solution. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the metastable (101) facet can be exploited to control the rate of crystal growth by adjusting the etching condition.
Engineering of magnetic nanoparticles as magnetic particle imaging tracers
Authors: Lu Chang , Han Linbo , Wang Joanna , Wan Jiacheng , Song Guosheng , Rao Jianghong
Published: May 2021

Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) has recently emerged as a promising non-invasive imaging technique. Engineering of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) is effective ways to enhance MPI sensitivity and spatial resolution.
Effect of gene mutation of plants on their mechano-sensibility: the mutant of EXO70H4 influences the buckling of Arabidopsis trichomes
Authors: Liu Han , Liu Shaobao , Huang Guoyou , Xu Feng
Published: May 2021

The mutant of EXO70H4 affects the thickness of trichome cell wall, mechanical property and mechano-sensibility. Mutant trichome lacks the ability to act as an active mechanosensory switch to transduce mechanical signals into biochemical signals.
A versatile nanoagent for multimodal imaging-guided photothermal and anti-inflammatory combination cancer therapy
Authors: Yan Ping , Shu Xian , Zhong Hao , Chen Peiling , Gong Haiyan , Han Shisong , Tu Yingfeng , Shuai Xintao , Li Jie , Liu Li-Han , Wang Ping
Published: May 2021

A versatile tumor targeting theranostic nanoagent (named T-lipos-CPAuNCs) was introduced to realize multimodal imaging-guided cancer photothermal therapy with suppression of the inflammatory response.
Effect of fluoroethylene carbonate on the transport property of electrolytes towards Ni-rich Li-ion batteries with high safety
Authors: Duangdangchote Salatan , Phattharasupakun Nutthaphon , Chomkhuntod Praeploy , Chiochan Poramane , Sarawutanukul Sangchai , Tomon Chanikarn , Joraleechanchai Nattanon , Sawangphruk Montree
Published: May 2021

Transport phenomena and the solvation structure of Li+ cations and PF6− anions in electrolytes with different FEC concentrations as well as the electrochemical performance and safety of Ni-rich Li-ion battery cells at the 18650 cylindrical cell level are investigated.
Synthesis and single-molecule magnet properties of a trimetallic dysprosium metallocene cation
Authors: He Mian , Guo Fu-Sheng , Tang Jinkui , Mansikkamäki Akseli , Layfield Richard A.
Published: May 2021

The first trimetallic dysprosocenium single-molecule magnet is described. This material signposts a polycationic dysprosium metallocene SMM with properties that could surpass those of leading systems.
Synthesis and photocatalytic properties of magnetically separable and recyclable p–n heterojunction CoFe2O4/Bi12O17Cl2 photocatalyst
Authors: Fang Kexin , Shi Lei , Cui Lishuang , Shi Chunwei , Si Weiwei
Published: May 2021

A magnetic separable and recyclable p–n heterojunction CoFe2O4/Bi12O17Cl2 photocatalyst with improved performance was prepared.
Thermal conductivity and interfacial thermal resistance behavior for the polyaniline–boron carbide heterostructure
Authors: Mayelifartash Arian , Abdol Mohammad Ali , Sadeghzadeh Sadegh
Published: May 2021

A hybrid was investigated with superlattice periods of 0.852 nm that has a higher conductivity. The increasing length causes more phonon modes to be excited and leads to easier thermal transport, and deliberately-created holes decrease the ITR.
Origin of the hydrophobicity of sulfur-containing iron surfaces
Authors: Li Hao , Yang Weijie , Wu Chongchong , Xu Jiang
Published: May 2021

Using combined theoretical and experimental methods, we analyze the origin of the hydrophobicity of sulfur-containing iron surfaces.
Quantitative analysis of ACE2 binding to coronavirus spike proteins: SARS-CoV-2 vs. SARS-CoV and RaTG13
Authors: Li Zhendong , Zhang John Z. H.
Published: May 2021

The global outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic was caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
The impact of insufficient time resolution on dye regeneration lifetime determined using transient absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Cho Inseong , Wagner Pawel , Innis Peter C. , Mozer Attila J.
Published: May 2021

The impact of insufficient time resolution on regeneration lifetime was elucidated using regeneration lifetimes of a combination of dyes and redox mediators determined by transient absorption (TA) spectrometers with 0.5 ns and 6 ns time resolutions.
trans–cis Photoisomerization of a biomimetic cyclocurcumin analogue rationalized by molecular modelling
Authors: Losantos Raúl , Pecourneau Jérémy , Mourer Maxime , Parant Stéphane , Pasc Andreea , Monari Antonio
Published: May 2021

The photoisomerization process of a biomimetic cyclocurcumin derivative is explored by molecular modelling. It presents enhanced capabilities respect to natural cyclocurcumin in terms of isomerization, TPA and environment dependency.
On the influence of water molecules on the outer electronic shells of R–SeH, R–Se(−) and R–SeOH fragments in the selenocysteine amino acid residue
Authors: Tupikina Elena Yu. , Karpov Valerii V. , Tolstoy Peter M.
Published: May 2021

The presence of water molecules near the selenocysteine residue in the active centre of the GPx enzyme promotes its antioxidant activity. The 77Se NMR chemical shift is sensitive both to the oxidation and the hydration states of the selenium atom.
Role of the carrier density in the transport mechanisms of polycrystalline ZnO films
Authors: Di Trolio A. , Testa A. M. , Amore Bonapasta A.
Published: May 2021

Transport processes occurring at low T and high T in n-doped ZnO with high/low values of the electron density N: the order of the high T and low T regimes is reversed in the high N and low N rows.
An artificial hybrid interphase for an ultrahigh-rate and practical lithium metal anode
Authors: Hu Anjun , Chen Wei , Du Xinchuan , Hu Yin , Lei Tianyu , Wang Hongbo , Xue Lanxin , Li Yaoyao , Sun He , Yan Yichao , Long Jianping , Shu Chaozhu , Zhu Jun , Li Baihai , Wang Xianfu , Xiong Jie
Published: May 2021

The present work theoretically and experimentally provides an insight into the internal mechanism of Li+ transport within an artificial hybrid SEI layer consisting of lithium-antimony (Li3Sb) alloy and lithium fluoride (LiF).
Cellulase mimicking nanomaterial-assisted cellulose hydrolysis for enhanced bioethanol fermentation: an emerging sustainable approach
Authors: Singhvi Mamata S. , Deshmukh Aarti R. , Kim Beom Soo
Published: May 2021

Employment of cellulase mimicking functionalized few-layer graphene (FFG) nanosheets for cellulose hydrolysis to replace enzymes completely/partially could aid in developing a sustainable process for bioethanol fermentation.
Direct formation of interlayer exciton in two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Niu Xianghong , Xiao Shanshan , Sun Dazhong , Shi Anqi , Zhou Zhaobo , Chen Wei , Li Xing’ao , Wang Jinlan
Published: May 2021

We expand the concept of interlayer exciton formation and reveal that bright interlayer excitons can be formed by the direct interlayer photoexcitation in 2D vdW heterostructures with strong interlayer coupling and a short photoexcitation channel.
Mechanistic study on the NHC-catalyzed [3+4] annulation of enals and thiazolones
Authors: Li Yan , Li Zhilin , Zhang Zhiqiang
Published: May 2021

Reaction mechanisms and origins of regio- and stereo-selectivities of NHC catalyzed [3+4] annulation of enals and thiazolones.
The five shades of oleylamine in a morphological transition of cobalt nanospheres to nanorods
Authors: Moisset Arthur , Sodreau Alexandre , Vivien Anthony , Salzemann Caroline , Andreazza Pascal , Giorgio Suzanne , Petit Marc , Petit Christophe
Published: May 2021

Understanding of cobalt nanorods’ (Co NRs) formation still remains challenging when it comes to enhancing their anisotropic properties applicable in magnetic or catalytic areas.
Electrochemically switchable polymerization from surface-anchored molecular catalysts
Authors: Qi Miao , Zhang Haochuan , Dong Qi , Li Jingyi , Musgrave Rebecca A. , Zhao Yanyan , Dulock Nicholas , Wang Dunwei , Byers Jeffery A.
Published: May 2021

Patterns of multiple polymer brushes on surfaces are obtained through application of an electrical potential to a surface functionalized with redox-switchable polymerization catalysts.
One-step fabrication of a laser-induced forward transfer graphene/CuxO nanocomposite-based electrocatalyst to promote hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Xu Dan , Chan K. C. , Guo Hanjie , Zhong Hong , Lu Lin
Published: May 2021

A novel electrocatalyst based on the LIFT graphene/CuxO with expressive HER activity has successfully been fabricated via one step of laser deposition method. It can be foreseen more electrocatalysts will be obtained inspired by this work.
Surface engineering strategies of gold nanomaterials and their applications in biomedicine and detection
Authors: Zhou Bicong , Guo Xiaolu , Yang Naidi , Huang Zhongxi , Huang Lihua , Fang Zhijie , Zhang Chengwu , Li Lin , Yu Changmin
Published: May 2021

This review provides a systematic and clear summary of the latest developments in the surface modification strategies of gold nanomaterials as well as their applications in biomedicine and detection.
Janus bimetallic nanorod clusters–poly(aniline) nanocomposites with temperature-responsiveness for Raman scattering-based biosensing
Authors: Hwang Eun Young , Lee Jae Hee , Lim Dong Woo
Published: May 2021

Janus bimetallic nanorod clusters–poly(aniline) nanocomposites with gold nanorod clusters in either side-by-side or end-to-end configuration are developed as surface-enhanced Raman scattering nanoprobes for detection of carcinoembryonic antigen.
Morphology optimization of perovskite films for efficient sky-blue light emitting diodes via a novel green anti-solvent dimethyl carbonate
Authors: Zhang Yong-Wen , Diao Zheng-Liang , Chen Ji-Yang , Tan Wan-Yi , Qian Yan-Nan , Xiao Lian-Gang , Min Yonggang
Published: May 2021

We developed an effective approach to improve the efficiency of sky-blue perovskite light emitting diodes via anti-solvent engineering using a green, polar anti-solvent dimethyl carbonate.
Understanding amphisomes
Authors: Ganesan Dhasarathan , Cai Qian
Published: May 2021

Amphisomes are intermediate/hybrid organelles produced through the fusion of endosomes with autophagosomes within cells. Amphisome formation is an essential step during a sequential maturation process of autophagosomes before their ultimate fusion with lysosomes for cargo degradation. This process is highly regulated with multiple protein machineries, such as SNAREs, Rab GTPases, tethering complexes, and ESCRTs, are involved to facilitate autophagic flux to proceed. In neurons, autophagosomes are robustly generated in axonal terminals and then rapidly fuse with late endosomes to form amphisomes. This fusion event allows newly generated autophagosomes to gain retrograde transport motility and move toward the soma, where proteolytically active lysosomes are predominantly located. Amphisomes are not only the products of autophagosome maturation but also the intersection of the autophagy and endo-lysosomal pathways. Importantly, amphisomes can also participate in non-canonical functions, such as retrograde neurotrophic signaling or autophagy-based unconventional secretion by fusion with the plasma membrane. In this review, we provide an updated overview of the recent discoveries and advancements on the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying amphisome biogenesis and the emerging roles of amphisomes. We discuss recent developments towards the understanding of amphisome regulation as well as the implications in the context of major neurodegenerative diseases, with a comparative focus on Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
Oxidative signalling in seed germination and early seedling growth: an emerging role for ROS trafficking and inter-organelle communication
Authors: Bailly Christophe , Merendino Livia
Published: May 2021

Underground early development of higher plants includes two distinct developmental processes, seed germination and then skotomorphogenesis, a mechanism which favours elongation of the hypocotyl and helps the seedling to find light. Interestingly, both processes, which are regulated by plant hormones, have been shown to depend on reactive oxygen species metabolism and to be related to mitochondrial retrograde signalling. Here we review the recent outcomes in this field of research and highlight the emerging role of ROS communication between organelles and cell compartments. We point out the role of mitochondria as an environmental and developmental sensor organelle that regulates ROS homeostasis and downstream events and we propose future directions of research that should help better understanding the roles of ROS in germination and seedling emergence.
Molecular mechanisms of anthracycline cardiovascular toxicity
Authors: Narezkina Anna , Narayan Hari K. , Zemljic-Harpf Alice E.
Published: May 2021

Anthracyclines are effective chemotherapeutic agents, commonly used in the treatment of a variety of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. However, their use is associated with a significant risk of cardiovascular toxicities and may result in cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Cardiomyocyte toxicity occurs via multiple molecular mechanisms, including topoisomerase II-mediated DNA double-strand breaks and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation via effects on the mitochondrial electron transport chain, NADPH oxidases (NOXs), and nitric oxide synthases (NOSs). Excess ROS may cause mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, calcium release, and DNA damage, which may result in cardiomyocyte dysfunction or cell death. These pathophysiologic mechanisms cause tissue-level manifestations, including characteristic histopathologic changes (myocyte vacuolization, myofibrillar loss, and cell death), atrophy and fibrosis, and organ-level manifestations including cardiac contractile dysfunction and vascular dysfunction. In addition, these mechanisms are relevant to current and emerging strategies to diagnose, prevent, and treat anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy. This review details the established and emerging data regarding the molecular mechanisms of anthracycline-induced cardiovascular toxicity.
Missing links — epigenetic regulators of the pancreatic cancer–associated inflammation
Authors: Werba Gregor , Gonda Tamas A.
Published: May 2021

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) features a hostile tumor microenvironment (TME) that renders it remarkably resistant to most therapeutic interventions. Consequently, survival remains among the poorest compared with other gastrointestinal cancers. Concerted efforts are underway to decipher the complex PDAC TME, break down barriers to efficacious therapies and identify novel treatment strategies. In the recent Clinical Science, Li and colleagues identify the long noncoding RNA KLHDC7B-DT as a crucial epigenetic regulator of IL-6 transcription in PDAC and illustrate its potent influences on the pancreatic TME. In this commentary, we introduce epigenetics in pancreatic cancer and put the findings by Li et al. in context with current knowledge.
Self-Report and Caregiver Proxy-Report Agreement of Perceived Chronic Stress and Mutuality in Poststroke Aphasia
Authors: Hernandez Nelson J. , Bislick Lauren , Engelhoven Amy , Hunting Pompon Rebecca
Published: May 2021

Background

People with aphasia (PWA) report higher levels of stress in comparison to stroke survivors without aphasia. If untreated, chronic stress is known to have detrimental effects to the body and brain and can negatively impact health and well-being. According to extant literature, self- and proxy-report agreement on objective domains is higher than on subjective domains, like chronic stress. In addition, high levels of mutuality, also known as shared feelings between two people, have been strongly associated with low levels of stress in stroke survivors. Little is known, however, of the agreement between self-report and caregiver proxy-report on perceived chronic stress or mutuality in PWA.

Purpose

The proposed study sought to examine (a) the degree of agreement between caregiver proxy-report and PWA self-report on perceived stress and (b) the relationship between perceived stress and mutuality between PWA and their caregivers.

Method

The Modified Perceived Stress Scale and the Mutuality Scale were administered to 21 PWA/caregiver dyads. An independent-samples
t
test was conducted to determine if there were significant differences in perceived stress and mutuality as reported by PWA, their caregiver, and their caregiver's proxy-report. A Pearson correlation was performed to determine the level of agreement across questionnaires.

Results

There was a moderate correlation between the proxy-report and self-report for perceived stress. On average, proxy-reports for perceived stress were significantly higher than PWA self-reports. Overall, mutuality was high among the dyads. There was moderate agreement between caregiver's mutuality and proxy-report agreement on perceived stress. Lastly, our findings do not indicate that caregiver's perceived stress influenced their perception of the PWA's perceived stress.

Conclusion

The results of this study provide support for the use of proxy-derived information in perceived stress with the use of a mutuality scale.
How Can Speech-Language Pathologists Think About Sensation During Swallowing Evaluation and Intervention?
Authors: Madhavan Aarthi , Etter Nicole M.
Published: May 2021

Purpose

Both the enjoyment of foods and safe swallowing revolve around incorporating multiple streams of sensory feedback to form a positive sensory experience; these include information about the taste, smell, texture, temperature, and even the sight of food. Traditional swallowing assessment and treatment paradigms have primarily focused on the motor aspects of swallowing. However, sensory information is vital for not only enjoying foods while eating but also coordinating safe and efficient swallow behaviors. The purpose of this clinical focus article is to discuss the clinical importance of sensation in swallowing evaluation and intervention.

Conclusions

During their clinical assessments of swallowing, speech-language pathologists are already documenting the functional results of oropharyngeal sensorimotor impairments (e.g., residue). A combination of sensory and motor aspects is already integrated within current behavioral treatment strategies for dysphagia. Focused attention to the salient sensory features of swallowing has the potential to improve swallowing evaluation and intervention efforts. A discussion of potential future research in improved measurement and documentation of altered sensation is provided.
Dual‐band filtering power divider with independent in‐band power split ratio using a single quad‐mode dielectric resonator
Authors: Yu Wei , Xu Lin , Qin Wei , Lin Longlong , Xu Binbin , Chen Jian‐Xin
Published: May 2021

A design approach is presented based on insights into power division among modes for a dual‐band filtering power divider using a single multimode resonator. The relationship between the energy of the input port under different modes and the corresponding external quality factor (Qe) is analysed. Then, the power distribution among the in‐band modes and between output ports can be all expressed by Qe. Therefore, the synthesis of a coupling matrix to achieve independent power distribution in the two bands is simplified. For further verification, a quad‐mode dielectric resonator with independently controllable modes is designed. Based on this, dual‐band filtering power dividers with equal and unequal power split ratios (1:1 in the lower band and 2:1 in the higher band) are simulated and implemented. The simulation and measurement agree, proving the correctness of the approach.
The emergence of passive galaxies in the early Universe
Authors: Santini P. , Castellano M. , Merlin E. , Fontana A. , Fortuni F. , Kodra D. , Magnelli B. , Menci N. , Calabrò A. , Lovell C. C. , Pentericci L. , Testa V. , Wilkins S. M.
Published: May 2021

The emergence of passive galaxies in the early Universe results from the delicate interplay among the different physical processes responsible for their rapid assembly and the abrupt shut-down of their star formation activity. Investigating the individual properties and demographics of early passive galaxies improves our understanding of these mechanisms. In this work we present a follow-up analysis of the z > 3 passive galaxy candidates selected by Merlin et al. (2019, MNRAS, 490, 3309) in the CANDELS fields. We begin by first confirming the accuracy of their passive classification by exploiting their sub-millimetre emission to demonstrate the lack of ongoing star formation. Using archival ALMA observations we are able to confirm at least 61% of the observed candidates as passive. While the remainder lack sufficiently deep data for confirmation, we are able to validate the entire sample in a statistical sense. We then estimate the stellar mass function (SMF) of all 101 passive candidates in three redshift bins from z = 5 to z = 3. We adopt a stepwise approach that has the advantage of taking into account photometric errors, mass and selection completeness issues, as well as the Eddington bias, without any a posteriori correction. We observe a pronounced evolution in the SMF around z ∼ 4, indicating that we are witnessing the emergence of the passive population at this epoch. Massive (M > 1011 M⊙) passive galaxies, only accounting for a small (< 10%) fraction of galaxies at z > 4, become dominant at later epochs. Thanks to a combination of photometric quality, sample selection, and methodology, we overall find a higher density of passive galaxies than in previous works. The comparison with theoretical predictions, despite a qualitative agreement (at least for some of the models considered), denotes a still incomplete understanding of the physical processes responsible for the formation of these galaxies. Finally, we extrapolate our results to predict the number of early passive galaxies expected in surveys carried out with future facilities.
Thermal fluctuation constants of PVC elements of different cross-sections
Authors: Danilov Vladislav , Erofeev Alexander
Published: May 2021

Consideration of the durability of building materials from a thermal fluctuation position is the most difficult, but at the same time the most adequate method now. Since this concept is insensitive to changes in the physical structure, it becomes necessary to consider not only the material, but also the configuration of the structure. This will make it possible to bring the simplified theoretical ideas about the performance of a building material in a structure closer to real conditions. Thus, the aim of the work is to compare the destruction mechanism of PVC sheet elements of solid section and composite section from the thermal fluctuation position. To achieve this goal, the initial data for finding thermal fluctuation constants (durability of PVC plates at non-critical stress) were determined by an experimental method. Based on the initial data, the thermal fluctuation constants for each section were determined by the graphic-analytical method. During the comparative analysis, it is proposed to introduce a coefficient into the Zhurkov’s equation, which will consider the configuration of the section. It was also determined that for PVC sheet elements of composite cross-section in two layers, this coefficient is kc = 2. Considering the configuration of the cross-section when determining the thermal fluctuation dependences will increase the quality of predicting the durability of the building material.
Effect of the addition of waste basalt fibers on concrete shrinkage
Authors: Kowalik Tomasz , Ubysz Andrzej
Published: May 2021

This article presents the issues related to using by-products and waste materials in constructionand mining industry. The current applications of selected materials in various areas are presented, with particularfocus on cases in the construction and mining industries, where waste-based composites sealed with various hydraulic binders are used to build new structural elements or just as fills and backfills. In the next part of the revivew, the methodology and selected results of shrinkage tests on concrete composite samples with the addition of various amounts of additives and price tests to reference samples without dispersed reinforcement are presented and discussed. Research has been carried out on the subject of balance between concrete and the semi-finished product used.
3D-BIM and 4D-BIM Models in Construction Safety Management
Authors: Quoc Toan Nguyen , Thi Tuyet Dung Nguyen , Thi My Hanh Nguyen
Published: May 2021

The application of modern technologies into on-site construction safety management has been proved that be successful. BIM technology which has been studied and developed for adopting widely in the construction industry is promised to bring significant improvements in construction safety management. The article reviewed the application of BIM in the management of construction safety, detailed for each safety work activity. Suggestions for selecting BIM tools in the management of construction safety are also listed. Lastly, the article poses some obstacles while applying BIM to construction safety management in Vietnam.
The use of “big data” in the organization of repair and construction works to ensure OTR
Authors: Ivanov Nikolay , Gnevanov Maksim
Published: May 2021

Organization of work takes a significant place among the basic tasks of the construction industry. The organization of repair and construction works (R-CW) is especially important, since they have specific features in comparison with new construction. Today, information technologies are actively developing, which make significant changes in various industries, including construction. One of the progressive technologies today is the analysis of “big data”. This article outlines the basic concept of using “big data” in the organization of R-CW, which makes it possible to increase the efficiency of organizational decisions, based on the characteristics of a particular repair and construction organization. The methodology proposed by the authors, aimed at the implementation of this concept, includes the solution of a number of tasks, such as assessing organizational decisions that are developed within the framework of a work production project, determining the level of organizational and technological reliability (OTR) and, as a consequence, choosing the best solution. As a tool for the implementation of the above tasks, the authors use a simulation model that makes it possible to simulate the process of performing repair and construction work, taking into account the random nature of their duration. The authors describe the experience of using the proposed methodology in the practice of functioning of one of the Russian construction organizations.
Comparative calculation of piles taking into account seismic impacts (example in Ho Chi Minh City)
Authors: Sidorov Vitalii , Le Duc Anh , Sobolev Evgeny
Published: May 2021

The construction of high-rise building and structures has been widely developed recently in Vietnam. Pile foundations are considered one of the most suitable solutions when choosing the foundations for their construction, especially in difficult geological conditions, including seismic areas. According to many researches, geological conditions of Ho Chi Minh City are generally difficult. The occurrence of earthquakes there influences the conditions for the construction. Besides, many historical cases have shown that soil liquefaction is often manifested, negatively affecting the underground structures and foundation working.

With an increase in investments of international construction companies and organizations in Vietnam, pile foundations can be designed according to domestic or foreign normative documents. Therefore, at present, a better understanding and detailed analysis of various existing normative documents and methods for designing pile foundations are required, especially when the influence of soil liquefaction is taken into account. This paper presents a review of various normative documents, including Russian, Vietnamese, American and Eurocode. The different methods in these normative documents for calculating the piles' bearing capacity are considered in 2 cases: with and without taking into account the soil liquefaction based on the hypothesis that the additional downward loads due to self-compaction of liquefiable soils affect piles. Finally, a comparison of the calculation results is presented. The comparison shows how these considering methods in these normative documents differ from each other and how much the pile's bearing capacity can be reduced when considering the soil liquefaction in calculations.
Organizational and technological aspects of the design and construction of heat supply systems based on heat pumps in low-rise construction
Authors: Lapidus Azarij , Fedoseev Vadim , Sokolov Alexander , Ostryakova Julia , Voronov Vladimir
Published: May 2021

There are most of the energy`s costs are accounted for by heating and hot water supply in communal housing conditions. Every day there is a growing need for the development and development of alternative options for energy generation technology. In the field of alternative energy, the most popular solution is a heat supply system based on air heat pumps (HP). Construction and installation work is simplified for integrated heat pump systems, but the question of the organization of design for these devices remains not fully resolved. The purpose of the work is to study the features and patterns of design and construction works with heat pump systems built into the premises in the field of low-rise construction and to develop measures to reduce the time and cost of such works. Heat engineering calculations for integrated heat pump systems that take into account climatic features, architectural and construction elements and parameters of engineering networks of the construction object, increase the complexity, cost and duration of design work. The research methods used are the analysis of the entire design process and in particular the section “heating and ventilation”, further modeling through network planning of the design process and comparison of the obtained data. The results of the study are calendar schedules of the design process of integrated heat pump systems on the example of a cottage structure with an area of 150 m2. For further analysis, the parameters of the time reserves of the working processes of the obtained network graphs are calculated. The section of heating, ventilation and heat supply (S) for integrated heat pump systems of heat supply is compared with the classical one, where the heat generator is an electric boiler. As a result of the study, a scheme for organizing design work is proposed, which allows you to plan the design of the section S without affecting the overall terms of execution of project documentation and the growth of its cost.
Calculation of filtration process in channels
Authors: Arifjanov Aybek , Samiev Luqmon , Ahmedkhodjaeva Ifoda , Rakhimov Qudratjon , Sobirov Shokhrux
Published: May 2021

This article provides an analysis and recommendations of the factors that lead to the loss of water as a result of filtration in uncoated canals, rising groundwater levels, deterioration of land reclamation, reduction of canal efficiency coefficient. According to the project data, the part of the Greater Fergana canal from PK-930 to PK-1500 + 10 was built in the type of semi-excavated and natural canal. From PK-930 to PK-1040, the ground level is almost equal to the bottom water level, and the volume of soil discharged in this part of the canal is greater than in other parts. The canal is in the form of a trapezoid and has now changed its shape slightly as a result of a small amount of sedimentation and erosion. In uncoated canals and irrigation systems, there are a number of connections to perform the basic filtration calculation. These bonds are obtained according to Darcy’s law, filtration for homogeneous and isotropic soils. Using the available data, it is possible to determine the depression curve in canals and irrigation systems for all cases, the points that form its curvature, and the filtration rate that occurs in it. It consists of determining the filtration rate (q) of the system at a length of 1 pogm and the filtration coefficient (k) of the soil.
Low-cement content gravity dam as an alternative for Pskem HPP
Authors: Aniskin Nikolai , Shaytanov Alexey , Shaytanov Mikhail , Khokhotva Sergei
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we consider the numerical justification of the possibility to construct a low-cement content concrete gravity dam as an alternative to the traditional solution with a rockfill dam in a Pskem HPP canyon on the river Pskem in Uzbekistan Republic. The calculation studies were performed using the finite element method (FEM), considering the non-linear (elastoplastic) behavior of concrete and foundation rock in the ANSYS software package. Seismic stability of structure was ascertained by means of time-dependent transient dynamic analysis in accordance with the implicit temporal scheme, since such approach allows to trace the development of plastic deformations in the structure and foundation during dynamic loading as well as to evaluate the possible adverse effects. Maximum design earthquake bicomponent accelerogram was involved as an input data for seismic stability analysis. According to the results of the study the conclusions were made about the possibility of construction of a high low-cement content concrete dam in geotechnical, hydrological and climatic conditions of the Pskem HPP site on the Pskem River as well as on the other HPPs of the Chirchik-Bozsu cascade in Uzbekistan Republic, which are now under design. The reported study was funded by RFBR, project number 20-38-90160.