bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas (ABP) no curso de Biblioteconomia da Unochapecó
Authors: Bedin Jéssica , Marocco Andréa de Almeida Leite
Published: January 2024

O relato de experiência tem como objetivo conhecer as contribuições da aplicação da metodologia Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas (ABP) no ensino-aprendizagem no curso de Biblioteconomia da Unochapecó. No que tange à metodologia utilizou-se da análise documental, a partir da análise do Projeto Pedagógico do Curso (PPC), projeto de extensão curricularizada, plano de ensino do componente curricular, e dos documentos utilizados na construção da disciplina, bem como as avaliações realizadas pelos estudantes e pela representante da instituição parceira. No que tange aos resultados do trabalho é apresentada a organização da ABP, composta por três etapas: diagnóstico, hipóteses/investigação e relatório final; as dinâmicas utilizadas (diagnóstico com a ferramenta SWOT, leitura generosa, fichamento, construção dos manuais), materiais (vídeos, artigos, normas), além do relato sobre o seminário e trabalhos entregues pelos grupos, pôr fim a avaliação do componente. Conclui-se que a ABP possibilitou vivenciar uma aprendizagem significativa aos estudantes do curso, ao aproximá-los do ambiente da biblioteca e dos desafios impostos na atuação do bibliotecário, no que tange à aplicação da normalização documental.
Assessment of public education expenditure efficiency across Lithuanian municipalities
Authors: Legenzova Renata , Gaigalienė Asta , Rudytė Dalia , Skunčikienė Solveiga , Kazlauskienė Vilma
Published: January 2024

Efficiency of education expenditure is the ability to maximize the educational achievement given the resources invested. Although public education expenditure tends to increase, yet this does not necessarily guarantee high quality of education services. This study aims to assess public education expenditure efficiency of Lithuanian municipalities and to identify the factors explaining its variations. The study used data for 2013-2019 from 60 Lithuanian municipalities. Corrected Ordinary Least Squares method was employed for public education expenditure efficiency assessment and regression analysis was used to determine its influencing factors. Inputs included financial (public expenditure for education and maintenance) and nonfinancial (composition of teachers, occupied area, etc.) variables. Passing ratio of Lithuanian (national) language and math exams were used as efficiency outputs. The context variables represented environmental factors of educational achievements, such as number of business entities, users of social housing, libraries, and culture centres as well as municipalities’ overall financial autonomy. Results of the research are ambiguous. When assessed by the overall passing of the exams, the efficiency was high, scoring 86-90%. But when evaluated by passing exams with the highest scores, it did not even reach 40%. Two types of public expenditure were identified as the most influential factors - public expenditure for education with the negative trend, and municipality own financing with the positive influence on the public education expenditure efficiency. Such results support the decentralization of public education expenditure management and call for alternative output measures in the Lithuanian public education system.
ESG Volatility Prediction Using GARCH and LSTM Models
Authors: Mishra Akshay Kumar , Kumar Rahul , Bal Debi Prasad
Published: January 2024

This study aims to predict the ESG (environmental, social, and governance) return volatility based on ESG index data from 26 October 2017 and 31 March 2023 in the case of India. In this study, we utilized GARCH (Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity) and LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) models for forecasting the return of ESG volatility and to evaluate the model’s suitability for prediction. The study’s findings demonstrate the GARCH effect inside the ESG return volatility data, indicating the occurrence of volatility in response to market fluctuations. This study provides insight concerning the suitability of models for volatility predictions. Moreover, based on the analysis of the return volatility of the ESG index, the GARCH model is more appropriate than the LSTM model.
Elementary Number Theory Problems. Part X – Diophantine Equations
Authors: Korniłowicz Artur
Published: January 2024

This paper continues the formalization of problems defined in the book “250 Problems in Elementary Number Theory” by Wacław Sierpiński.
The Ring of Conway Numbers in Mizar
Authors: Pąk Karol
Published: January 2024

Conway’s introduction to algebraic operations on surreal numbers with a rather simple definition. However, he combines recursion with Conway’s induction on surreal numbers, more formally he combines transfinite induction-recursion with the properties of proper classes, which is diffcult to introduce formally.

This article represents a further step in our ongoing e orts to investigate the possibilities offered by Mizar with Tarski-Grothendieck set theory [4] to introduce the algebraic structure of Conway numbers and to prove their ring character.
Ecological Status of Floodplains and their Potential to Carbon Storage: Case Study From Three Watersheds in the South Moravian Region, Czech Republic
Authors: Krásná Kateřina , Štěrbová Lenka , Prokopová Marcela , Jakubínský Jiří , Vyvlečka Pavel , Pechanec Vilém
Published: January 2024

Floodplains are important ecosystems that contribute to the ecological stability of the landscape. A number of ecosystem functions and services are significantly influenced by ecological aspects of floodplain habitats. This article focuses on the ecological quality and estimated amount of carbon stored in the biomass of habitats located in the studied watersheds, with an emphasis on floodplains. The habitats and their ecological quality were determined and assessed using the Biotope Valuation Method (BVM), an expert method for evaluating habitat (biotope) types based on eight ecological characteristics, mainly concerning various aspects of their biodiversity and vulnerability. The objective of this study is to compare the resulting assessments of habitats located in floodplains with assessments of habitats situated in the surrounding landscape. The study was carried out on three selected small stream watersheds in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic, which differ from each other in terms of the predominant land use and the overall level of anthropogenic pressure on the landscape. The results indicate that floodplains have a higher ecological value compared to the surrounding landscape, except for floodplains in areas with intensive agriculture. The ability of floodplains to store carbon in biomass turned out to be higher in the watershed with a higher percentage of tree stands, where woody plants store significantly more carbon in the biomass compared to other types of vegetation. It has been shown that human pressure on floodplains and land use significantly affects ecosystem functions and services. In addition to the intensity of agriculture, these were, in particular, pressures from an expansion of built-up areas and infrastructure developments, and forest management. In this study, forest stands in floodplain were more stable and had a more beneficial species composition than forests in the surrounding landscape.
Inclusive Regional Value Chains: Blockchaining Perishable Agricultural Products in Southern Africa
Authors: Sama Hamisi K.
Published: January 2024

In Southern Africa due to unsystematically and uncoordinated regional value chain (RVCs), plenty of perishable agricultural products are lost because of spoilage and poor postharvest system misaligning upstream and downstream partners. Although appeal for increasing trade in Southern Africa region may seem plausible, there are strictly speaking no well-grounded economic reasons why perishable agricultural products trade should be an obsession. Broad-based inclusive RVCs through blockchaining perishable agricultural products could enable far more effective responses to region’s sustainable developmental challenges as it does in developed and emerging economies. Recently, the rise and expansion of inclusive RVCs and emphasis on blockchain has spurred major paradigm shift on revamping postharvest system. The investigate relevance of blockchaining initiatives towards inclusive RVCs to perishable agricultural products in Southern Africa. Through a quantitative research approach involving quantitative data collection methods, the research aims to assess the current challenges, opportunities, and perceptions regarding blockchain technology in the agricultural sector. Study findings practically and empirically contribute to excel blockchain for supporting development of inclusive and resilient value chains, providing insights for policymakers and stakeholders in promoting sustainable economic growth in Southern Africa’s agricultural sector.
Evapotranspiration Estimation Using Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Treder Waldemar , Klamkowski Krzysztof , Wójcik Katarzyna , Tryngiel-Gać Anna
Published: January 2024

The study examined the performance of four machine learning algorithms (regression trees, boosted trees, random forests, and artificial neural networks) for estimating evapotranspiration (ETo) based on incomplete meteorological data. Meteorological variables (mean and maximum air temperature, average air humidity, average level of solar radiation, vapor pressure deficit, extraterrestrial solar radiation, and day number of the year) were used as input. The simulation used two calculation scenarios: data with and without average solar radiation. The performance of the different machine learning models was evaluated using the mean square error, root mean square error, coefficient of determination, and slope of regression forced through the origin between the measured and simulated ETo. The results demonstrated that the applied models were able to describe nonlinear relationships between weather parameters and evapotranspiration. The accuracy of evapotranspiration estimation depended on the type of input variables and the machine learning model used. The highest level of evapotranspiration prediction was obtained using the artificial neural networks model. Including solar radiation data in the calculations improved the quality of evapotranspiration prediction in all four models. In the absence of data on the actual solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface, it is advisable to supplement the input data with data on extraterrestrial solar radiation and the day number of the year. Such an approach can be helpful in areas and situations with limited access to meteorological data.
Effects of Silver, Gold, and Platinum Nanoparticles on Selected Nematode Trophic Groups
Authors: Dzięgielewska Magdalena , Skwiercz Andrzej , Wesołowska Anna , Kozacki Dawid , Przewodowski Włodzimierz , Kulpa Danuta
Published: January 2024

As trophic organisms, nematodes play an essential role in the soil environment: they mineralize nutrients into plant-available forms, are a food source for other soil organisms, and feed on pathogenic organisms and plant pests, therefore regulating populations of soil microorganisms. The plant-parasitic nematodes are important pests of crops. Nanoparticles (NP) are increasingly used in agriculture and other production sectors. They are present in the soil, not necessarily in trace amounts, and can affect various soil organisms, including nematodes. In this article, the effects of silver (Ag), gold (Au), and platinum (Pt) nanoparticles on the mortality and reproduction activity of selected nematode species from two trophic groups: entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) (Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema feltiae) and plant parasitic nematodes (PPN) (Xiphinema diversicaudatum, Ditylenchus dipsaci, Heterodera schachtii) were studied under laboratory conditions. All nanoparticles decreased the nematode population to an extent depending on the nematode species, nanoparticle type, and exposure time. AgNP had the greatest nematicidal effect, except for AuNP, which reduced the population of H. schachtii the most. The greatest sensitivity to AgNP was observed in X. diversicaudatum (100% mortality), D. dipsaci (90% mortality), and 37 to 13% mortality in other species. Effect of AuNP and PtNP on entomopathogenic nematodes was comparable to the control, not treated with nanoparticles. AuNP and PtNP similarly influenced nematode mortality. However, the effect of nanoparticles on new generations of entomopathogenic nematodes developing in host larvae Galleria mellonella was inconclusive. All nanoparticles decreased the number of larvae of S. feltiae and increased the number of H. bacteriophora migrating outside the cadavers compared to the control.
Sustainability Study of Projects Financed by European Funds in Romania, the South-Muntenia Development Region
Authors: Gherasim Elvira Alexandra , Bocăneală Ana-Maria
Published: January 2024

The European Nation EU is a promoter of the idea of sustainable development. Projects developed and implemented with the help of European funds can contribute significantly to the transition towards sustainability, as they facilitate innovation, development and knowledge transfer. Mainstreaming sustainability in the EU projects goes hand in hand with the development indicators set by the United Nations and, beyond that, affects regional and local development. The identification of sustainable activities requires from the beneficiaries of EU funds a good knowledge of the sustainability indicators present in the guidelines and funding applications. Even if sustainability does not have a method to be measured, it can be shown through examples of good practice in EU-funded projects. This article tries to fill this gap, contributing to a better understanding of the initiation of project activities related to sustainability by: presenting the sustainability aspects mentioned in the funding guidelines, proposing a framework for describing sustainable activities: With the help of the 5 good practice -examples of projects related to axis 4.1 Reducing carbon emissions in county municipalities through investments based on sustainable urban mobility plans we indicate examples of activities and projects aiming at sustainable urban development. In a critical discussion, we analyzed the need to build a tool to measure sustainability in projects. Finally, we draw conclusions on the potential for growth and development towards sustainability in EU-funded projects, as these projects contribute to local and therefore regional, development.
Satellite Laser Ranging technique as a tool for the determination of the Schwarzschild, de Sitter and Lense-Thirring effects
Authors: Matyszewski Mateusz , Lejba Paweł , Jagoda Marcin , Tysiąc Paweł
Published: January 2024

Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) is a modern technique used in various research areas and applications related to geodesy and geodynamics. It is commonly used for tasks such as establishing the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF), monitoring Earth Orientation Parameters (EOP), determining the geocenter, measuring fundamental physical constants, calibrating microwave tracking techniques, conducting time transfer experiments, and studying gravitational and general relativistic effects. Laser measurements of the LARES and LAGEOS satellites are used to determine the relativistic effects acting on these satellites. The objective of the present research is to analyze the perturbing forces of relativistic origin (Schwarzschild, de Sitter and Lense-Thirring effects) acting on the LARES, LAGEOS-1 and LAGEOS-2 satellites. By using data from fifteen SLR measurement stations, the precise orbits of these satellites were determined over a span of 840 hours using the GEODYN II orbital software package. The calculation process used a set of procedures, models of forces, and constants that are currently recommended by the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS) and the International Laser Ranging Service (ILRS). Based on the precise orbits of the LARES, LAGEOS-1, and LAGEOS-2 satellites, calculations were made to determine the values of relativistic accelerations acting on these satellites. These values oscillate with a period equal to half of the orbital period for the de Sitter and Lense-Thirring effects, and a quarter of the orbital period for the Schwarzschild effect.
Application of Citeromyces siamensis for Molasses Wastewater Decolourization
Authors: Chutrtong Jaruwan , Boonman Narumon , Sangsuwon Chanyapat
Published: January 2024

Molasses, a brownish black viscous liquid, is a byproduct of the cane sugar process. It finds applications in various industries such as fertilizer production, animal husbandry, alcohol production, monosodium glutamate production, and the production of acetic acid. In Thailand, it is primarily used for alcohol production and as animal feed. However, molasses wastewater is characterized by high levels of biochemical and chemical oxygen demand, as well as suspended solids. Untreated release of this wastewater into the environment can lead to numerous environmental issues. Additionally, the presence of melanoidins in molasses wastewater makes its removal challenging, resulting in a dark colour of the treated water. Discharge of this dark-coloured water into natural water sources can lead to an abnormal discolouration of the water. This study aims to investigate the optimal conditions for utilizing Citeromyces siamensis microorganisms in the biological treatment of molasses wastewater. The experiment was conducted to determine the conditions that facilitate the reduction of colour in molasses wastewater. The findings indicate that the addition of 1 % glucose and 1 % peptone was more effective in decolourizing molasses wastewater using Citeromyces siamensis compared to other nutrient additions. While the addition of additives may incur additional costs, it remains a more economical option compared to the use of chemicals for wastewater colour removal. Furthermore, the use of the additives is considered safe for living organisms.
Expat Vlogs: Bilingual Couples Share their Lives on the Internet
Authors: Stępkowska Agnieszka , Buczek Katarzyna
Published: January 2024

As there are more and more bilingual couples who ran vlogs to share their bilingual and intercultural lives on the internet, this paper seeks to delineate the sources of motivation for these couples to disclose their privacy through vlogging. Based on the sample of selected vlogs, a qualitative analysis has been conducted to obtain the sociolinguistic picture of the bilingual couples’ motivations to attract wider audiences via the internet. The analysis of vlogs, informed by a multimodal theoretical framework, focused on the audiovisual and textual content of vlogs with regard to the subjective representations of films and texts resulting from these couples’ individual stories. The conducted study spotlights vlogging activities of bilingual couples who feel the need to share their intercultural and bilingual experiences on the internet. Our data suggest that bilingual couples vlog to express their hybrid identities by sharing how they cope with challenges and overcome linguistic barriers, as well as find ways to enjoy cross-cultural understanding. The paper explores the linguistic and cultural diversity from a new perspective of private vlogs created and maintained by bilingual couples. It unfolds an account of the less studied online context in which partners of different ethnic backgrounds make their private lives public, and illustrates how bilingual couples generate ideas to filming and sharing online.
Morphology of Business Cycles in Poland in the Period of the World Financial Crisis and Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Barczyk Ryszard , Urbanowicz Zuzanna
Published: January 2024

The occurrence of business cycles is a feature of every economic system, so they were also observed in Poland. The article is an attempt to assess the structure and most important morphological features of the business cycles in Poland’s economy, taking into account how they were influenced by the consequences of the financial crisis 2007+ and COVID-19 pandemic. In the study the authors used the concept of deviation cycles which makes it possible to characterize the components of the business cycle’s structure, i.e. identification of its turning points, particular phases and most important morphological features (i.e. duration of phases and the whole cycle, amplitude of fluctuations). The most significant empirical indicators which characterize the real cyclical processes, i.e. GDP, consumption and investment, were the subject of statistical analyses.
Rationality of the Tax System and Taxation Principles in the Context of Contemporary Fiscal Crisis (Analysis from the Perspective of the New Institutional Economics)
Authors: Jankowska-Ambroziak Emilia , Kargol-Wasiluk Aneta , Mak Mariusz , Zalesko Marian
Published: January 2024

The paper presents, in the synthetic way, the issue of the rationality of the tax system and taxation principles in relation to the clearly visible fiscal crisis in the 21st century caused by, among others, COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis which is theoretical (descriptive, comparative) was carried out by using tools indicated in the area of New Institutional Economics (NIE). Attention was devoted primarily to the importance of specific institutional arrangements, broadly understood as the “rules of the game” applicable in the political and economic spheres, and related to the problems of public finances. Research has shown that the appropriate design of tax rules may contribute, to some extent, to limiting the fiscal crisis. Tax policy, and even more broadly, fiscal policy, may determine the formula in which the economic achievements regarding compliance with tax principles and fiscal rules can be implemented. What is primarily important is the legal framework (one of the most important formal institutions) within which state policy in the field of public finances should be implemented.
Support for Contribution Payers in the Field of Social Security in Connection with the Covid-19 Pandemic – Selected Legal and Economic Issues
Authors: Pangsy-Kania Sylwia , Zieleniecki Marcin , Wierzbicka Katarzyna
Published: January 2024

The presented study raises the issue of contribution payers in the field of social insurance, in particular based on the Covid-19 pandemic. Searching for ways of supporting was determined by the deterioration of the financial condition of entrepreneurs as payers of contributions. In 2020, there were no instruments or mechanisms to support entrepreneurs in a lockdown situation, which implied the need to build such tools and the legal environment for SMEs practically from the beginning. The Social Insurance Institution (ZUS) was entrusted with the role of a stabilizer, consisting in servicing entrepreneurs as part of subsequent editions of the Anti-Crisis Shield. During the announcement of the COVID-19 pandemic, ZUS used the following forms of support for contribution payers: exemption from the obligation to pay contributions, postponement of the payment of contributions and payment of contributions in installments. The research question concerned the enforcement of the law and respect for the basic rights of entrepreneurs in the scope of the support used. In order to solve the research task legal interpretation were used in the work. The author’s considerations lead to the conclusion that forms of support used in connection with the Covid-19 pandemic turned out to be effective and may be used in the future in emergency situations. An important science contribution of the article results from the combination of the selected legal and economic aspects.
The Covid-19 Pandemic Crisis and the Technological Revolution
Authors: Protasiewicz Anna , Zalesko Elżbieta
Published: January 2024

The aim of this article is to present the changes referred to as the “fourth industrial revolution” and the role of the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in accelerating the technological revolution in relation to Polish companies. The ongoing economic downturn has different causes and much broader effects than previous crises. Hence the need to analyze trends (megatrends) in the emergence of innovations initiated or significantly accelerated by the pandemic crisis, and consequently, among other things, the intensification of the digital transformation process.

The study has a theoretical and empirical character. For the research, the authors used the descriptive method with elements of statistical data analysis. The analysis was based on reports of such institutions as the World Intellectual Property Organization, the European Commission and the Central Statistical Office.
Development of Torrance Test Creative Thinking Verbal (TTCT-V) Instrument for Measuring Arabic Creative Writing
Authors: Arifa Zakiyah , Sari Risna Rianti , Fatim Al Lastu Nurul , Hilmi Danial , Anis Muhammad Yunus , Setiyadi Alif Cahya
Published: January 2024

This research aims to develop a TTCT-Verbal instrument to measure students' creative thinking skills and Arabic creative writing that essential competence of 21st-century skills. The instrument was developed based on Torrance's (1970) verbal test indicators and al-Bari’s Arabic creative writing (2009). The RD method used the 4D model design of Thiaragajan (1974). The instrument was developed with 6 components of creative thinking: ask and guess, guessing causes, guessing consequences, product improvement activity, unusual use activity, and suppose activity, with 5 items covering descriptive writing, news, poetry, Arabic quotes, and short stories. Based on the results of the 3 experts' validation tests showed that the TTCT-Verbal instrument was very valid, with an average of 4.5, and then tested on 30 university students. The results of the instrument validity test showed that all items were valid, and the reliability test showed reliable results. Therefore, this instrument is suitable for measuring the level of creative thinking and Arabic creative writing.
Acehnese's Digital Literacy Skills in Verification News from Social Media
Authors: Andriani Fizzy , Wiyati Eni Kardi , Widarini Dwi Ajeng , Saifulloh Muhammad
Published: January 2024

Communication technology has recently become a new medium where society can choose information and the media they want to consume. The media can still influence their minds. Based on the National Survey of Internet User Penetration Data, in March 2019, by APJII (Internet Service Provider Association), the  internet penetration  rate in Aceh was recorded at 64.40% who accessed the internet. This research aims to find Acehnese's Digital Literacy Skills in Verification News from Social Media. The data collection method  used for  this study is  a questionnaire instrument via Google Form to people in Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD) province. Meanwhile, secondary data was collected through literature studies and previous research. The result shows that the people of Aceh, especially millennials and Generation Z, have enough  digital literacy skills  to access  digital media, understand content, and verify news.
Bibliometric Analysis of the Trend of Sociology of Communication Research Topics
Authors: Purnomo Agustina Multi
Published: January 2024

Bibliometric analysis can provide extensive data mapping of previous research topic trends to formulate subsequent research topics. There is still a lack of bibliometric analysis of trends in sociology of communication research topics. The study used bibliometric analysis of 37,999 publications in ScienceDirect over three periods. Publication data was selected using the keyword "sociology of communication." Data processing was conducted  by  co-occurrence between keywords and data presentation with overlay visualization. The results of data processing with VosViewer revealed shifts in research topics over three periods.  Topics that emerged after 2022 are related to Covid-19 pandemic, such as healthcare, resilience, stress, and vaccine hesitancy; methodologies like systematic literature review; recent technologies such as artificial intelligence; and other societal concerns, including sustainability. That topic was suggested for future research. However, sustainability and systematic literature review are old issues in other research fields. The research found that the sociology of communication research topics is changing dynamically and is influenced by social phenomena such as pandemics and technological advancements. The presence of two recent topics that have become old issues in other fields of social research shows the challenge for communication scientists to respond responsively to global social and methodological issues.
The Role of Social Media in Improving Tax Compliance in the Theory of Planned Behavior
Authors: Zikrulloh Zikrulloh
Published: January 2024

The government always strives to improve tax compliance to achieve the target of  state  revenues. In practice, the government has initiated the use of  social media as a communication medium to disseminate information, education, and interaction to the broader citizens. This study aims to determine the role of social media in improving  individual tax compliance using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) approach. The data collection technique was carried out using an online survey method with a questionnaire instrument. The data analysis was conducted using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) Model to test the relationship between variables in a model. The study results show that the attitude variable on taxpayers intention has a p-value = 0.064 > 0.05 with a coefficient of -15.7%. In line with the attitude variable, the subjective norms variable has a p-value = 0.670>0.05 with a coefficient of 3.1%. On the other hand, the perceived behavioral control has a coefficient of 20.1% (with p-value <0.05), the tax moral obligation variable has a p-value = 0.000 < 0.05 with beta = 28.7%, and the use of social media also has p-value < 0.05, with a coefficient of 39.4%. The use of social media positively and significantly influences the individual taxpayers’ intention to behave in tax compliance. Adding social media variables to the study also broadens the implementation of TPB theory from a communication studies perspective, and gives recommendations to  the government to improve the quality of information content appropriately through social media.
Uji Efektivitas Formulasi Gel Ekstrak Etanol Daun Tembelekan (Lantana Camara L.) Asal Wangi-Wangi Sulawesi Tenggara Terhadap Luka Bakar pada Kelinci (Oryctolagus Cuniculus)
Authors: Arifin Arfiani , Tahirah Tahirah , Ninsi Riska
Published: January 2024

Tembelekan leaves (Lantana camara L.) are a plant that includes flavonoid chemicals, saponins, and tannins that have antimicrobial properties, allowing them to be used in gel formulations. This study's objectives were to analyze the physical quality of the gel preparation of the ethanol extract of tembelekan leaves (Lantana camara L.) and to determine the concentration of the ethanol extract of tembelekan leaves that had the greatest effect on healing rabbit burns (Oryctolagus cuniculus). The leaves of tembelekan (Lantana camara L.) are extracted using the maceration process with 96% ethanol as the solvent. The gel formulation utilized several extract concentrations, including 10%, 15%, and 20%, as well as a base gel without extract as a negative control and Bioplacenton® gel as a positive control. The results of this study reveal that the organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, and adhesion tests indicate that the ethanol extract gel of tembelekan leaves meets the physical quality requirements. Statistic test revealed that the ethanol extract gel formulation of tembelekan leaves with a concentration of 20% for 18 days had the greatest effect on the healing of burns in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus).
Keywords:          Gel, Tembelekan Leaf (Lantana camara L.), Burns, rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
 
Abstrak
Daun tembelekan (Lantana camara L.) merupakan tumbuhan yang memiliki kandungan senyawa flavanoid, saponin dan tanin yang memiliki aktivitas salah satunya sebagai antimikroba sehingga dapat diaplikasikan pada sediaan gel. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi mutu fisik sediaan gel ekstrak etanol daun tembelekan (Lantana camara L.) dan menentukan konsentrasi ekstrak etanol daun tembelekan yang memberikan efek tertinggi terhadap penyembuhan luka bakar pada kelinci (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Metode penelitian meliputi ekstraksi daun tembelekan (Lantana camara L.) secara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Formulasi gel menggunakan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak yang berbeda-bedayaitu 10%, 15%, 20%, basis gel tanpa ekstrak sebagai control negatif dan gel Bioplacenton® sebagai control positif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa gel ekstrak etanol daun tembelekan memenuhi mutu fisik meliputi uji organoleptik, uji homogenitas, uji pH, uji daya sebar dan uji daya lekat. Analisis uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun tembelekan dalam bentuk sediaan gel yang memberikan efek tertinggi terhadap penyembuhan luka bakar pada kelinci (Oryctolagus cuniculus) adalah formula gel ekstrak etanol daun tembelekan dengan konsentrasi 20% selama 18 hari.
Kata Kunci:         Gel, DaunTembelekan (Lantana camara L.), Luka Bakar, kelinci (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Aktivitas Antibakteri Kokristal Sefiksim-Nikotinamida Menggunakan Agar Diffusion dan Broth Dilution Test
Authors: Abdullah Abulkhair , Sibadu Muhammad Subhan A. , Mutmainnah Mutmainnah
Published: January 2024

Cefixime has been formulated in cocrystal form with nicotinamide (coformer). SEF-NIK cocrystals were prepared at a mole ratio of 1:1 using a liquid-assisted grinding method. The cocrystals were characterized using DSC, FTIR, SEM, and PXRD. The characterization results showed that cocrystals were formed between cefixime and nicotinamide. The results of the solubility test, dissolution rate and permeability of the SEF-NIK cocrystal showed a significant increase compared to pure cefixime. Based on these results, the SEF-NIK cocrystal was continued for pharmacodynamic studies with in vitro antibacterial activity studies. This study aims to determine the effect of cocrystallization techniques on the antibacterial activity of cefixime. The test was carried out using two methods, namely the Agar Diffusion Test and the Broth Dilution Test. The results showed that cocrystallization of cefixime with nicotinamide did not inhibit its effectiveness against Escherichia coli bacteria, but its effectiveness was better than pure cefixime. In the agar diffusion method, the inhibition zones of cefixime and SEF-NIK cocrystals against Escherichia coli bacteria were 6.2 mm and 8.6 mm, respectively. On the fifth day of the broth dilution test method, the OD values of Escherichia coli bacteria in the cefixime and SEF-NIK cocrystals were 1.330 and 1.064, respectively.
 
Keywords:          cefixime, liquid-assisted grinding, antibacterial activity
 
Abstrak
Sefiksim telah berhasil dibuat dalam bentuk kokristal dengan nikotinamida (koformer). Kokristal SEF-NIK dibuat dengan perbandingan mol 1:1 menggunakan metode liquid-assisted grinding­. Kokristal dikarakterisasi menggunakan DSC, FTIR, SEM, dan PXRD. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa terbentuk kokristal antara sefiksim dan nikotinamida. Hasil uji kelarutan, laju disolusi, dan permeabilitas kokristal SEF-NIK menunjukkan peningkatan yang signifikan dibandingkan dengan sefiksim murni. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, kokristal SEF-NIK dilanjutkan ke tahap uji farmakodinamik yakni uji aktivitas antibakteri secara in vitro. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari teknik kokristalisasi terhadap aktvitas antibakteri sefiksim. Pengujian dilakukan menggunakan dua metode yakni Agar Diffusion Method (difusi agar) dan Broth Dilution Method (dilusi cair). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kokristalisasi sefiksim dengan nikotinamida tidak menghambat efektivitasnya terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli, akan tetapi efektivitasnya lebih baik dibandingkan sefiksim murni. Pada metode difusi agar, zona hambat sefiksim terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli sebesar 6,2 mm sedangkan kokristal SEF-NIK lebih besar yakni 8,6 mm. Pada metode dilusi cair, hasil pengukuran OD bakteri Escherichia coli hari kelima pada sefiksim sebesar 1,330 sedangkan pada kokristal SEF-NIK sebesar 1,064.
Kata Kunci:         sefiksim, liquid-assisted grinding, aktivitas antibakteri
Comme des sables mouvants : réflexion sur l’apport de la sollicitude dans la relation pédagogique
Authors: Dias Dany
Published: January 2024

Avant même que la pandémie nous assujettisse à de nouvelles réalités et à de différents environnements d’enseignement et d’apprentissage, l’angoisse, la fatigue, le sentiment immobilisant et l’impression du désespoir étaient ressentis. Comme des sables mouvants, ces états de mal-être accablent les apprenant·e·s dans leur élan académique. Ce phénomène n’est certes pas uniquement une conséquence de l’arc pandémique. Depuis mon rôle comme enseignante et maintenant comme professeure, je l’ai vu sortir des boiseries et s’amplifier à un rythme alarmant. Or, mon rôle comme académique se forme et se transforme en réponse à ces observations. Noddings (2003) affirme que les relations du care sont des fins en soi, pas simplement des moyens d'atteindre nos résultats d’apprentissage; l’apport de la sollicitude dans la relation pédagogique entre apprenant·e et professeur·e est importante. Nos intentions pédagogiques à l’égard du curriculum demeurent-elles trop rigides? Notre pratique enseignante inclut-elle la possibilité d’entendre les voix stressées, les propos angoissés, les cœurs tourmentés? Sommes-nous à l’écoute de la condition humaine chez les apprenant·e·s? Bien que tout peut sembler bien aller, l’angoisse est réelle et il nous incombe d’y répondre. Cet article se penche sur les constats d’une réflexion pédagogique, selon la lentille d’une pédagogue à l’ère pandémique.
Growing Snowflakes—Unity in Difference
Authors: Tsun Haggarty Holly , Sameshima Pauline
Published: January 2024

An image of a snowflake adorns the cover of this issue. It also serves as a guiding metaphor for our editorial discussion. The twelve articles in this issue have been gathered over two years and come from varying perspectives on a variety of topics pertinent to the study of curriculum. Each article was developed using a distinct research practice. Like snowflakes, each article is unique, nuanced with individuality. And yet, like snowflakes, there are recognizable patterns that repeat across the articles of this issue. As we read about issues of colonial alienation of First Nation communities, COVID restrictions, financial literacy gaps and student distress, we observe recurring psychological and social processes. And these processes show fascinating parallels to the molecular dynamics of snow crystal formation! For example, we see the impact of the environment on the process of learning. We see the benefit of an interactive, adaptive, relational pedagogy centred on care. And we see the value of viewing things from a different perspective, through a different taxonomy. The metaphor of the snowflake shows us richness in diversity, and it also reminds us that a genuine conversation will reveal unity across difference.
Letters
Authors: Schelew Michael S.
Published: January 2024

I was pleased that The Honourable Charles Lapointe, Minister of State (Ex- ternal Relations) announced that Canada believes that it is important that the in- ternational community provide itself with the legal instruments necessary for the effective suppression of the practice of torture in the world
Vancouver Coalition with World Refugees
Authors: Refuge Editor
Published: January 2024

The Vancouver Coalition with World Refugees is a group of citizens who are volunteering their time and efforts to help refugees.
Global Refugee Policy: The Case for a Development Oriented Strategy
Authors: Refuge Editor
Published: January 2024

Global Refugee Policy: the Case for a Development Oriented Strategy", a public issues paper of The Population Council (a John D. Rockefeller III, in- dependent non-profit organization in- stituted in 1952) prepared by Charles Keely with Patricia Elwell, proposes a shift in focus from relief and resettlement to development. The study is divided to four parts: (1) a discussion of the inter- national definition of a refugee; (2) an overview of their numbers, location and origin; (3) a sketch of the international response to refugees; and (4) conclu* sions arising from these discussions. The central issue is dealt with in the first sec- tion, and the historical background isrelegated to the third section.
Refugee Documentation Project
Authors: Refuge Editor
Published: January 2024

The Refugee Documentation Project at York University is concerned with ac- quiring and preserving archival materials pertaining to refugees in and from all parts of the world. (The Pro- ject's library is open between 10 a.m. and 5 p.m. on weekdays.) Donations of documents, papers, reports or other library materials are encouraged.
Letters
Authors: Brown Itshaq H.
Published: January 2024

Your "Newsflash" in the September/ October issue of " Refuge " stated: 'The UNHCR has cancelled its agreement of co-operation with the Canadian Founda- tion for Refugees".
World News
Authors: Refuge Editor
Published: January 2024

The Statue "Refugee" by the Argentinian Sculptor, Adolfo Perez Esquivel, whowas awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1980, was unveiled on December 13, 1982 at the headquarters of the office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in Geneva.
A Letter from Quetico Provincial Park
Authors: Bouman Majero
Published: January 2024

Last night the sky opened wide to surround me and my soul leapt up to greet it.
Baba's Farm
Authors: Keating Daryl
Published: January 2024

The blue dry-docked sailboat at the side of Airport Road, just north of Caledon East, has a new coat of paint.
Trans/itions
Authors: Kennelly Jackie
Published: January 2024

The subwayCrowded subway carMass packed humanityCarefully avoiding human contact while pressed together,A mockery of an intimate dance
Pristine, Cycles
Authors: Blattel Adrienne
Published: January 2024

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Untitled
Authors: Mount Dana
Published: January 2024

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Three Visions of an Ecological Self
Authors: Pearce Jacqueline
Published: January 2024

Envisioning the possibility of an ecologically appropriate society involves being able to imagine, not just a different way of living, but also a different way of being. Deep ecology, social ecology and ecofeminism are approaches which both critique the current dominant society and attempt to envision how this society might look and behave, given a more ecologically appropriate self-understanding.
Law as if Nature Mattered
Authors: Berman Tzeporah
Published: January 2024

This quotation, taken out of context, seems to reveal an understanding or recognition of the worth of objects (animate or inanimate) apart from human use. Ironically, Kant goes on to promote an essentially anthropocentric ideal of moral worth. This paradox, characterised by the recognition of the inherent worth of nature and wildlife, and yet an inability to allow these values to be manifest in human communities, continues today and is apparent throughout various disciplines: law, philosophy,literary criticism, cultural geography and others. In legal theory · and environmental ethics this controversy has centred around the question of 'rights,' essentially illustrated by two questions: 1) Does the 'environment> havdnherent worth or intrinsic value and, if so, 2) Could it be a legal rights holder?
Poetry
Authors: Multiple Authors
Published: January 2024

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When The Eye Cannot See
Authors: Satterthwaite Andrew
Published: January 2024

Night is contested: from a hundred directions claimants come to appropriate.
Musical Voices
Authors: Nonnekes Joanne
Published: January 2024

Music is one important cultural medium in which issues relevant to a particular time are explored. It is a pcipular medium which allows for exploration in a very personal and contextual way.
Evaluating Economic Outcomes: Single-Use Aspirin vs. Aspirin-Clopidogrel in Ischemic Stroke Patients Based on Barthel Index Scores
Authors: Yosmar Rahmi , Febiana Dian , Fitria Najmiatul
Published: January 2024

Ischemic stroke is a catastrophic disease that causes large costs in Indonesia. The high prevalence of stroke results in increased morbidity and mortality rates, which will impact the socioeconomic status of stroke patients. Cost Effectiveness Analysis (CEA) is a method in pharmaco-economics that aims to make decisions regarding the rational choice of therapy and evaluate the economic impact on ischemic stroke patients. This study aims to determine the Incremental Cost Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) value of antiplatelet therapy in the aspirin-clopidogrel combination group and the single aspirin group in ischemic stroke patients treated at the Regional General Hospital. Dr. M. Djamil Padang. The clinical parameter observed was the Barthel Index (BI) value. This research is a descriptive study with retrospective data collection using medical record data and the Hospital Management Information System (SIMRS) at RSUD Dr.  M.Djamil Padang. The cost data shows the total direct medical costs incurred in treating ischemic stroke. Based on the results obtained, the Incremental Cost Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) value is IDR (-) 401,302. 71 per 1% increase. In this study it can be concluded that the aspirin-clopidogrel combination has better cost effectiveness than aspirin alone.
Inhibition of Edible Plant Torch Ginger (Etlingera elatior (Jack) R. M. Sm.) against α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase
Authors: Syafni Nova , Fakhriadi Athallah , Nofrizal Nofrizal , Ismed Friardi , Putra Deddi Prima
Published: January 2024

Indonesia's diabetes cases were in the top ten list globally, with 90% of the patients being type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).  An approach for screening the local edible plants is made for managing or treating T2DM by inhibiting α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes. Results showed that inflorescence of Etlingera elatior inhibition toward both enzymes. TLC-autography and IC50 value of fractions from E. elatior were used to identify the potential fractions and possible compounds for the activity. The non-polar fraction was spotted in the active substances based on TLC-autography. Then, the targeted compounds were separated by column chromatography to obtain stigmasterol as one of the active compounds. The IC50 values of total extract, n-hexane, EtOAc, BuOH, and isolated compound against α-glucosidase were 16.0, 7.5, 13.5, 9.7, and 2.0 ppm, respectively. The IC50 values for α-amylase inhibition were respectively 88.6, 48.6, 23.2, 29.1, and 27.5 ppm. The positive control (acarbose) against α-glucosidase and amylase exhibited IC50 values of 153.2 and 12.3 ppm. The inhibition of E. elatior against the two enzymes could be an alternative to delay carbohydrate absorption.