bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BANACH SPACES AND INEQUALITIES ASSOCIATED WITH A NEW GENERALIZATION OF CESÀRO MATRIX
Authors: Basar Feyzi , Roopaei Hadi
Published: March 2022

In this study, we introduce the domains X(Aru), where the triangle
matrix Aruis a general- ization of the Cesàro matrix and X denotes any
of the classical spaces c0, c or ℓ∞ of null, convergent or bounded
sequences. We also give the bases and determine the α-, β- and γ-duals
of the spaces X(Aru). We characterize the classes (ℓ∞(Aru) : ℓ∞),
(ℓ∞(Aru) : c), (c(Aru) : c), and (X : Y (Aru)) of infinite matrices,
where Y denote any given sequence space. Furthermore, we also give a
Steinhaus type theorem. As another result of this study, we investigate
the ℓp-norm of the matrix Aruand as a result obtaining a generalized
version of Hardy’s inequality and some inclusion relations. Moreover, we
compute the norm of well-known operators on the matrix domain ℓp(Aru).
Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma in a case of suspected hepatic hemangioma
Authors: Nonogaki Akira
Published: March 2022

In a patient with a history of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular
carcinoma, a tumor initially diagnosed as hepatic hemangioma gradually
increased in size over a 7-year period. Considering malignancy, surgery
was performed. Histopathologically the tumor was diagnosed as combined
hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma.
Activation of SIRT3 alleviates neurodegeneration via rescuing mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase activity and bioenergy supply in rotenone-induced PD models
Authors: shen yanhua , Wang Xueting , Nan Nan , Fu Xiaolong , Zeng Ru , Yang Yonggang , Xuan Siting , Shi Jing-shan , Wu Qin , Zhou Shaoyu
Published: March 2022

Background and Purpose: Mitochondrial dysfunction leads to degeneration
of dopamine (DA) neurons. Previous studies have showed that
mitochondrial NAD+-dependent acetylase Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is
downregulated in aging-related neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we
determined the effect of downregulation of SIRT3 on acetylation of
mitochondrial complex II (succinate dehydrogenase) subunit A (SDHA) and
explored whether SIRT3 activating agents would rescue complex II
activity and improve mitochondrial bioenergetics in PD models.
Experimental Approach: SD rats and differentiated MN9D cells were
treated with rotenone (ROT) to establish animal and cellular PD models.
SIRT3 activators including icariin (ICA) and honokiol (HNK) were
employed to activate SIRT3 in the PD models. Protein acetylation was
detected using western blot and immunoprecipitation. Activities of SIRT3
and mitochondrial Complex II, NAD/NADH ratio, mitochondrial respiration
and ATP production were assessed in different models. Key Results: SIRT3
activity was suppressed in ROT-induced PD models. The downregulation of
SIRT3 resulted in hyperacetylation of SDHA, leading to compromised
activity of mitochondrial complex II and a decline in ATP production.
Mechanistically, the suppression of SIRT3 activity was attributed to the
decrease of NAD+/NADH ratio caused by the inhibition of mitochondrial
complex I induced by ROT. Activation of SIRT3 by ICA and HNK improved
complex II activity and elevated the production of ATP, resulting in
protection against ROT-induced injuries to DA neurons. Conclusion and
Implications: These findings reveal an unrecognized regulatory
SIRT3-SDHA axis, and improving bioenergy deficiency through SIRT3
activation dependent rescue of mitochondrial complex II activity may
provide an effective strategy for protecting neuronal degeneration.
Female reproductive fluid composition differs based on mating system in Peromyscus mice
Authors: Hook Kristin , Liu Catherine , Joyner Katherine , Duncan Gregg , Fisher Heidi
Published: March 2022

Post-copulatory sexual selection is theorized to favor female traits
that allow them to control sperm use and fertilization, leading to the
prediction that female reproductive traits that influence sperm
migration should differ between polyandrous and monogamous species. Here
we exploit natural variation in the female mating strategies of closely
related Peromyscus mice to compare female traits that influence sperm
motility – the viscosity, pH, and calcium concentration ¬of fluids in
the reproductive tract – between polyandrous and monogamous species. We
find that the viscosity and pH, but not calcium concentration, of fluids
collected from both the uterus and the oviduct significantly differ
between species based on mating system. Our results demonstrate the
existence of a viscosity gradient within the female reproductive tract
that increases in monogamous species but decreases in polyandrous
species. Both species have a more alkaline environment in the uterus
than oviduct, but only in the polyandrous species did we observe a
decrease in calcium in the distal end of the tract. These results
suggest that fluid viscosity and pH in the female reproductive tracts of
these mice may be influenced by post-copulatory sexual selection and
provide a promising potential mechanism for female sperm control given
their importance in modulating sperm behavior.
Utilizing RNA for Metabarcoding Benthic Marine Communities: Can Environmental RNA Change the Future of Community Diversity Assessments?
Authors: Giroux Marissa , Reichman Jay , Langknecht Troy , Burgess Robert , Ho Kay
Published: March 2022

Microfauna and meiofauna organisms are often overlooked in traditional
diversity assessments due to their small size and difficulty to
morphologically identify. Metabarcoding is an emerging method for the
rapid identification of organisms. Environmental DNA (eDNA) is often
used as a template for metabarcoding, but legacy DNA is problematically
detected from organisms no longer in the environment during sampling.
Environmental RNA (eRNA) can also be collected and sequenced using the
same pipeline as eDNA metabarcoding, but it is only produced by living
organisms. The aim of this study was to determine the differences in
detected community composition and diversity between eRNA and eDNA
templates for downstream metabarcoding. Seven field-collected mesocosms
from the Narrow River Estuary in Narragansett, RI (USA) were held in a
flow-through seawater laboratory for 14 days to ensure no residual DNA
contamination from non-living organisms. RNA and DNA were co-extracted
from the top layer of sediment, libraries were prepared for two loci
(18S V4 region and Cytochrome c Oxidase subunit 1) and sequenced using
an Illumina MiSeq. Results show a higher number of unique sequences
detected from eRNA in both the 18S and COI markers and higher
α-diversity compared to eDNA. Significant differences between eRNA and
eDNA for all β-diversity metrics were also detected. This study is the
first to demonstrate community differences detected with eRNA compared
to eDNA from a dynamic estuarine system under controlled laboratory
conditions and start to illustrate the broad applications of eRNA as a
tool for assessing benthic community diversity.
Research progress on the mechanism and treatment of inflammatory response in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury
Authors: Zhang Dong , Wu Hui , Liu Di , Li Yunzhao , Zhou Gang
Published: March 2022

Acute myocardial infarction can be treated aggressively with intravenous
thrombolysis, percutaneous coronary intervention, and coronary artery
bypass grafting; however, recanalization can cause myocardial
ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI), This is an important reason that
restricts the treatment effect of patients. After the ischemic
myocardium is restored to perfusion, an inflammatory response can occur
within minutes and peak within a few days. A large number of
pro-inflammatory cytokines can seriously damage cardiac function.
Inflammation can regulate cardiomyocyte apoptosis, autophagy,
pyroptosis, and necrosis, and is the main initiating factor leading to
MIRI in cardiomyocytes. This article reviews the mechanism of
inflammatory response in ischemia-reperfusion period after acute
myocardial infarction and the clinical value and application prospect of
inhibiting inflammatory response in the treatment of acute myocardial
infarction.
Evident sclerotic skip metastasis in plain radiograph in juvenile femoral
Authors: Zamanian Melika , Omranzadeh Alireza , Rashed Masoud Mahdavi
Published: March 2022

Skip metastasis an uncommon finding in plain radiography of osteosarcoma
cases. We reported a case of skip metastasis in juvenile osteosarcoma
using simple X-ray. Further imaging and pathology assessment confirmed
skip lesions in the background of high-grade chondroblastic
osteosarcoma.
Anaesthetic management in Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease -- a case report.
Authors: V Siva , M KRISHNA H
Published: March 2022

Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease (PMD) is a rare genetic disorder affecting
brain and spinal cord. We report a 11-year-old child with PMD with
multiple caries for teeth extraction under general anaesthesia.
Prolonged neuromuscular blockade is of major concern in these patients
and hence the importance of appropriate neuromuscular blockade
management during procedure.
Neuromeningeal cryptococcosis in HIV-uninfected patient: a case report
Authors: Andrianiaina Armel Mamihaja , Randrianarisoa Rova Malala Fandresena , Ratsimbazafy Solohery Jean Noel , Rakotonirina Lalao Nomenjanahary , Vololontiana Hanta Marie Danielle
Published: March 2022

We report a 24-year-old female patient with a neurological deficit
without fever or meningeal syndrome. HIV serology was negative and CD4
count was normal. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed the presence of
Cryptococcus neoformans. Neuromeningeal cryptococcosis was suspected.
The initial course was favourable with antifungal therapy.
Multiple asymptomatic papules following breast cancer treatment
Authors: chaima kouki , Sellami Khadija , bahloul emna , Mnif Emna , Graja Soumaya , Kammoun Nadine , gouiaa ines , Boudawara Tahya , Turki Hamida
Published: March 2022

AL represents superficial lymphatic dilatation caused by different
processes. It is a consequence of lymphatic damage by an external cause;
leading to obstruction of local lymphatic drainage.1 We report a case of
AL of the breast in a 45-year-old woman mimicking warts.
Application of Emax model to assess the potency of topical corticosteroid products
Authors: Rath Seeprarani Prabirkumar , Zvidzayi Michael , Bon Charles , Kanfer Isadore
Published: March 2022

Various potency classification listings for topical corticosteroid
products (TCPs) have been based on clinical data and/or data using the
US FDA’s vasoconstrictor assay (VCA). However, studies that used VCA
data mainly used a single visual measurement and often the doses and
dose durations were not determined in accordance with the VCA
requirements. The objective was to compare the potencies of two TCPs
using the Emax model to fit the blanching responses obtained from the
VCA as described in a previous publication and to illustrate the
influence of formulation on potency. The potencies of two marketed
creams, Dermovate® containing clobetasol propionate (CP) and Elocon®
containing mometasone furoate (MF) were assessed using healthy human
subjects. In order to investigate the influence of formulation and
associated vehicle properties, the TCPs were compared to their
respective TCs from a previously published study wherein the inherent
potencies of those TCs were assessed using a validated VCA method.
Whereas the inherent potency of MF (Emax = -94.45 ± 0.21) was found to
be greater than CP (Emax = -58.80 ± 15.65), when formulated as creams,
the TCP containing CP had a higher potency (Emax = -86.15 ± 0.17) than
that containing MF (Emax = -42.61 ± 26.04). This reversal of potency may
be attributed to the effect of formulation factors. The comparison of
the potencies of TCPs with inherent potencies of their corresponding TCs
confirmed the influence of formulation parameters on the potency of
those products.
A visualized investigation of bubble breakup in a swirl-venturi bubble generator
Authors: Bie Haiyan , Li Yunxia , Xue licheng , Wang Yue , Liu Gang , Hao Zongrui , An weizhong
Published: March 2022

The dynamics and breakup of bubbles in swirl-venturi bubble generator
(SVBG) are explored in this work. The three-dimensional movement process
and breakup phenomena of bubbles are captured by one high-speed camera
system with two cameras while the distribution of swirling flow field
are recorded through Particle Image Velocimetry technology. It is
revealed that bubbles have two motion trajectories, which are deeply
related to bubble breakup. One trajectory is that mother bubble moves
upward in an axial direction of the SVBG to the diverging section, and
the other trajectory is that mother bubble rotates obliquely upward to
another side-wall along the radial direction. Meanwhile, binary breakup,
shear-off-induced breakup, static erosive breakup and dynamic erosive
breakup are observed. For relatively high liquid Reynolds number, vortex
flow regions are extended and the bubble size is reduced. Furthermore,
it is worth noting that the number of microbubbles increases
significantly for intensive swirling flow.
Perspectives on the Microscopic Principles of Eco-friendly Chemical Engineering
Authors: Wu Jianzhong
Published: March 2022

Chemical engineering is a broad field in terms of the scope of practice
but the discipline has been united by a few intellectually coherent
principles. Among them, thermodynamics, reaction kinetics and transport
phenomena are often considered as the cornerstones, providing support
for design and operation of diverse chemical processes for power
generation and production of numerous industrial goods including
plastics, gasoline and ammonia. Traditionally, these processes use
fossil fuels as the raw material and/or energy input and thus are
responsible for massive greenhouse gas emissions. As fossil-energy-based
processes are deemed phasing out due to environmental concerns,
development of alternative routes with renewable energy and sustainable
feedstock is calling for the expansion of the knowledge base such that
eco-friendly processes can be quantified, controlled and optimized with
high precision. This article presents some perspectives on possible
engineering developments to accelerate the ongoing paradigm shift from
fossil fuels to renewable energy.
Taylor Collocation Method for Solving Two dimensional Partial Volterra Integro-differential Equations
Authors: Khennaoui Cheima , Bellour Azzeddine , Laib Hafida
Published: March 2022

We consider a two dimensional partial Volterra integro-differential
equations (PVIDEs). We extend the Taylor collocation method of one
dimensional Volterra integral equations to approximate the solution of
two dimensional partial Volterra integro-differential equations. The
method is based on the use of Taylor polynomials in two dimensional. The
approximate solution is given by using explicit schemes and the method
is proved to be high order convergent with respect to the maximum norm.
Some numerical examples are given to verify the theoretical results.
Rare non-syndromic bilateral maxillary and mandibular permanent canine agenesis
Authors: marya anand , Karobari Mohmed , Heboyan Artak
Published: March 2022

Complete agenesis of the permanent canines in the maxilla and the
mandible is extremely rare and has only been reported twice. Studies
have shown that the incidence of missing canines is more in females.
This report describes a sporadic case of congenital absence of maxillary
(bilateral) and mandibular (bilateral) canines.
The influence of human activity on predator-prey interactions
Authors: Scoyoc Amy Van , Smith Justine , Gaynor Kaitlyn , Barker Kristin , Brashares Justin
Published: March 2022

Despite growing evidence of widespread impacts of humans on the behavior
of animals, our understanding of how humans reshape species interactions
remains limited. Here, we present a framework that draws on key concepts
from behavioral and community ecology to outline four primary pathways
by which humans can alter predator-prey spatiotemporal overlap, which
may have implications for predator diet, predation rates, population
demography, and trophic cascades. We then demonstrate the testability of
the hypotheses that emerge from our framework using temporal activity
data for 178 predator-prey dyads from published camera trap studies to
reveal patterns of human influence on predator-prey activity and
overlap. Our framework and case study highlight current challenges,
gaps, and advances in linking human-induced animal behavior change to
predator-prey dynamics. By using a hypothesis-driven approach to
estimate the potential for altered species interactions, we can better
predict the ecological consequences of human activities on whole
communities.
Low inflating pressures during neonatal tidal volume targeted ventilation: occurrence and significance
Authors: Belteki Gusztav
Published: March 2022

Objectives: During volume targeted ventilation, the ventilator’s
algorithm adjusts the peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) to maintain the
expired tidal volume close to the target. In hyperventilating infants
PIP is frequently very low, just above the level of positive
end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). The impact of this on ventilator
parameters and blood gases was investigated. Methods: Data were
collected and analysed computationally from 195 infants over 968 days of
mechanical ventilation. The median ventilator inflating pressure (Pinfl,
which is PIP minus PEEP) was determined before each blood gas (n=3,371)
for periods of different duration between 15 minutes and 24 hours.
Ventilator parameters and blood gases were compared between periods when
the inflating pressure was <5 mbar and periods when it was
higher. Results: 1-hour periods when median Pinfl was <5 mbar
occurred in 30% of the babies. These were associated with similar tidal
volumes and minutes ventilation as periods with higher Pinfl, despite
the lower target tidal volume. Babies triggered more ventilator
inflations, had more spontaneous breaths and had lower their oxygen
requirement when Pinfl was low. Low inflating pressures were associated
with lower blood carbon dioxide levels and did not lead to acidosis.
Lactate levels were higher but the group included more babies with
perinatal hypoxia. Analyzing data over shorter (15 or 30 minutes) or
longer (up to 24 hours) periods before the blood gases gave similar
results. Conclusions: Episodes of low inflating pressure occur
frequently in babies receiving volume targeted ventilation. This does
not lead to exhaustion, hypercapnia or acidosis.
Model-Based Meta-analysis for the Population Pharmacokinetics of Iberdomide and Its Major Active Metabolite in Healthy Subjects and Subjects with Relapse and Refractory Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Cheng Yiming , Xue Yongjun , Chen Lu , Masin Mark , Maciag Paulo , Peluso Teresa , Zhou Simon , Li Yan
Published: March 2022

Aim A parent-metabolite population pharmacokinetic (popPK) model of
iberdomide was developed and the influence of demographic and
disease-related covariates on popPK parameters was assessed based on
data from three clinical studies of iberdomide (dose range, 0.1 to 6 mg)
in healthy subjects (N=81) and subjects with relapsed and refractory
multiple myeloma (N=245). Methods Nonlinear mixed effects modeling was
used to develop the popPK model based on data from 326 subjects across 3
clinical studies. Results The pharmacokinetics (PK) of iberdomide were
adequately described with a two-compartment model with first-order
absorption and elimination. A first order conversion rate was used to
link the one-compartment linear elimination metabolite model with the
parent model. Subject type (multiple myeloma subjects vs. healthy
subject) was a statistically significant covariate on apparent clearance
(CL/F) and apparent volume of distribution for the central compartment
(V1/F), suggesting different PK between subjects with multiple myeloma
and healthy subjects. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline
phosphatase (ALP) and sex were statistically but not clinically relevant
covariates on CL/F. Metabolite (M12) PK tracked the PK of iberdomide.
The metabolite to parent ratio was consistent across doses and
combinations. Conclusion In conclusion, the parent-metabolite population
pharmacokinetic model adequately described the time course PK data of
iberdomide and M12. Iberdomide and M12 show robust PK exposure, not
complicated by demographic factors, combination, hepatic or (mild and
moderate) renal impairments. The model can be used to guide the dosing
strategy for special patient population and inform future iberdomide
study design.
The effect of isotretinoin on insulin resistance and serum adiponectin levels in acne vulgaris patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Paschalidou Eleni , Katsaras Georgios , Papoulakis Thomas , Kalloniati Evangelia , Kavvadas Dimitrios , Karachrysafi Sofia , Kapoukranidou Dorothea , Tagarakis Georgios , Papamitsou Theodora
Published: March 2022

Aim: Isotretinoin, the drug of choice for severe - nodulocystic acne,
might be associated with an increase in insulin resistance. We aimed to
investigate this association. Methods: We performed a systematic review
and meta-analysis according to the Preferred Reporting Items for
Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement. A systematic search in
PubMed/MEDLINE, SCOPUS and Cochrane databases was conducted until the
12th of January 2022 using the PICO tool (Patient, Intervention,
Comparison, Outcome). Studies with a published full text in English
regarding acne patients under isotretinoin were included. Insulin,
glucose and adiponectin serum levels before and after isotretinoin
treatment were recorded and insulin sensitivity was assessed using the
homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA–IR). For
Meta-analysis, the Review Manager (RevMan) 5.4.1 software was utilized.
The quality assessment of the included studies was performed using the
ROBINS-I tool. Results: Fifteen studies were included. The meta-analysis
revealed a statistically significant increase in post-treatment
adiponectin [SMD = 0.86; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.48 - 1.25,
p-value <0.0001; I2 = 58%]. Subgroup analysis by study type
revealed the same results [cohort studies pooled SMD = 1.2, 95% CI =
0.81 -1.61, p-value <0.00001; I2 = 8% and case-control
studies pooled SMD = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.16 - 0.9, p-value=0.005; I2 =
27%)]. No statistically significant results were shown for insulin,
glucose levels and HOMA-IR. Conclusion: Although isotretinoin exposure
is not clearly associated with insulin resistance, it seems that it can
increase serum adiponectin levels. Further research is needed to clarify
this association.
VAERS reported new-onset seizures following use of Covid 19 vaccinations as compared to influenza vaccinations
Authors: Avasarala Jagannadha , McLouth Christopher , Pettigrew Luther , Mathias Sally , Qaiser Sharoon , Zachariah Phenu
Published: March 2022

The incidence of new-onset seizures, which we defined as de novo
seizures occurring within four weeks of receiving any of the
FDA-approved Covid 19 vaccinations as reported in patient-reported data
compiled in the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Vaccine
Adverse Events Reporting System Data (CDC VAERS) has not been explored.
The VAERS database contains de-identified patient-reported adverse
events following vaccinations and represents post-marketing surveillance
and analysis of vaccine safety. After adjusting for time at risk, this
resulted in estimated incidence rates of 3.19 seizures per 100,000
persons per year for either Pfizer, Moderna or Janssen vaccines and
0.090 seizures per 100,000 persons per year for the influenza vaccine. A
data-driven, individualized dataset that is comprehensive and coupled
with a longitudinal follow-up in larger numbers of vaccinated
individuals is needed to expand on our preliminary findings of
vaccine-related seizures. The VAERS database helps in the identification
of a safety signal detection and is fundamentally a
hypothesis-generating system; the data or results cannot be used to
analyze cause and effect.
Effect of conventional haemodialysis on the apixaban plasma concentration
Authors: Poel Tim , Rouw Nikki de , Péquériaux Nathalie , Kerkhof Daan Van de , Windsant Annemieke Vermeulen , Marum Rob van , Kerckhoffs Angèle
Published: March 2022

Apixaban is a factor Xa inhibitor and is used in patients undergoing
haemodialysis treatment. Apixaban can be cleared by haemodialysis, which
might lead to decreased apixaban plasma concentrations and insufficient
anticoagulation during and after haemodialysis. The objective of this
study was to investigate the effect of haemodialysis on apixaban plasma
concentrations in patients treated with apixaban 2,5 mg twice daily on
conventional haemodialysis with standard low molecular weight heparin
(LMWH) anticoagulation ( nadroparin 3800-7600IU). A significant
difference was observed between the apixaban concentration before and
after dialysis (mean before dialysis 141.03 ng/ml; mean after dialysis
102.71 ng/ml; p=0.003). Nonetheless, both apixaban plasma concentrations
and anti-Xa levels remained within reference range. Anti-Xa levels have
a strong correlation with the apixaban concentrations (r=0.935,
p=0.000).Thus, anti-Xa activity might be used as a surrogate for
apixaban plasma concentration. There seems to be no need for dose
adjustments of apixaban and co-administration of LMWH next to apixaban
might be unnecessary.
De Novo Draft Assembly and Annotation of Pakistani Moringa Oleifera Genome
Authors: Pervez Muhammad Tariq , Babar Masroor Ellahi , Abbas Syed Hassan , Hasnain Mirza Jawad ul , Hussain Tanveer
Published: March 2022

Moringa oleifera is a famous tree species often known as horseradish
tree or drumstick tree, belongs to the family Moringaceae. It is an
evergreen and mineral rich plant that grows quickly, used in herbal
medicine, agriculture, and the livestock sector. So far, only one draft
genome assembly is available publicly for M. oleifera. Sparse
availability of the genomic resources limits its use in genetic and
genomic studies. So, we sequenced and de-novo assembled a draft genome
of M. oleifera from Pakistan. The sequencing was performed using
Illumina HiSeq platform with paired-end libraries. The draft assembled
genome was 205,248,313 bp in size, and comprised of 13,872 scaffolds
with N50 value of 17,279 bp. Annotation of the assembled genome revealed
26,215 protein coding genes. The draft de novo assembled genome is close
to the genome size predicted by k-mers distribution and covers 83.09%
and 84.68% of completeness and plant orthologous groups in BUSCO and
CEGMA, respectively. This genome assembly would be an invaluable
resource in understanding the genetic potential of this species, as well
as in functional, comparative and evolutionary genomics within this
species and in Moringa genus.
Barriers to adherence to secondary prevention therapy in patients with ischemic heart disease: A cross- sectional study of a Mexican reference center
Authors: Moreno José Orozco- , Bárcenas Erique Berríos- , Palacios-Gutierrez Dante , Rodríguez Alfonso Aldaco- , Vanzzini Nydia Ávila- , Aranda Jorge Cossío- , Chávez Claudia Del Valle- , Balderas Mario Leyva- , Maza-Larrea José , Gómez Francisco Roldán-
Published: March 2022

Background and objectives: Inadequate adherence has been recognized as a
constant determinant in the overall burden of ischemic heart disease,
particularly in countries with higher income-health inequalities, such
as Mexico. The overall impression is that the lack of population-based
epidemiological data and low public awareness may account for this
problem. This study aimed to determine the level of adherence to
secondary cardiovascular prevention therapy in a tertiary hospital in
Mexico City and identify the barriers contributing to medication
nonadherence. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the
cardiology outpatient department between August 2018 and February 2020.
Participants were asked about socio-demographic data, the MMAS-4, and an
interview regarding reasons for nonadherence. Results: A total of 991
patients were included, with a median age of 65 (58,72) years old.
Inadequate adherence to treatment was reported by 70.3%, with
forgetfulness as the most frequent cause (55.4%). Patients on combined
pharmacological therapy with PCI or CABG were more adherent than those
on optimal medical therapy alone. A higher proportion of patients in the
inadequate group were in NYHA classes II and III. Low educational level
and the use of optimal medical treatment alone were predictors for poor
adherence. Conclusion: These findings provide an initial framework of
the current situation of adherence to secondary prevention therapy in
Mexico, highlighting the value of promoting national consensus on
medication adherence to move towards a population-based strategy to
reduce cardiovascular disease burden.
Post-Radiotherapy Osteomyelitis: A Devastating Complication Requiring a Multidisciplinary Approach
Authors: Tsur Nir , Reuven Yonatan , segal ella , kurman noga , Tzelnick Sharon , Hamzany Yaniv , Bahar Gideon , Shoffel-Havakuk Hagit
Published: March 2022

Purpose: Osteomyelitis of the cervical spine and skull base are rare,
devastating complications of radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. The
study evaluated patient characteristics, risk factors and described the
disease course and management. Material and methods: A clinical case
series from a tertiary cancer center. We conducted a retrospective
review of the medical files from 2012 to 2021, including clinical
characteristics, treatment, and outcome data. Descriptive statistics
were applied. Results: Nine patients (78% male) with post-radiation
cervical osteomyelitis were reviewed. Median patient age was 68 years.
The maximal radiation dose was 61.71Gy. The mean delay in diagnosing
osteomyelitis was 6.32 years from the first radiotherapy course and 2.9
years from the last period. Sites affected were the cervical vertebrae
(6 patients) and the clivus, clavicle, and sternum (1 patient each). The
main symptoms were dysphagia and cervicalgia (55%). A medical or
surgical event preceded the diagnosis in 6 patients (66%) by a mean of
51.33 days. Common imaging findings were free to air within the cervical
structures and fluid collection. Cultures grew mainly typical
polymicrobial flora. Treatment consisted of surgery and antibiotics or
long-term broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotics alone. Eight patients
have recovered from osteomyelitis during the follow-up within an average
of 100 days. Five patients have died during the follow-up period.
Conclusion: Post-radiation osteomyelitis is characterized by a subtle
presentation, challenging diagnosis, prolonged treatment, and poor
outcome. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for the
long term after radiotherapy. Multidisciplinary evaluation and
management are warranted.
Congenital laryngeal webs：From evaluation to surgical management
Authors: zhu peng , Chen Jia rui , li xiao
Published: March 2022

Objective. To discuss the presentation, evaluation, and management of
congenital laryngeal web. Methods.: The Institutional Board of Ethics of
shanghai Children’s Hospital approved this retrospective review of all
patients who were diagnosed with laryngeal web at our institution within
the past 10 years. Charts mined for age at presentation, presenting
symptoms, degree/location of web, associated syndromes, number/type of
surgical procedures, and postoperative outcomes. Results.: Ten patients
were included (6 male, 4female). There were 3 type I、II webs, 7 type
III、IV webs; Children with type I and II laryngeal web were mainly
presented with hoarseness and discomfort without any obvious respiratory
distress（P＜0.05）. Children were usually older when they were
presented to the hospital（p<0.05）, All the 3 children with
type I and II laryngeal web recovered after a single endoscopic
procedure. While children with laryngeal web type III and IV usually had
a record of multiple visits to the hospital with multiple
treatments（p<0.05） All of these 7 type III、IV webs , the
tracheotomy was performed early, The ultimate treatment required for
such patients was open laryngoplasty. Conclusions：There is a need for
alertness regarding the neonatus exhibiting hoarseness and weak crying.
To achieve a satisfactory outcome, it is essential to perform accurate
preoperative staging and assessment along with an appropriate choice of
treatment and placement of the laryngeal stent.
Laying low: Rugged lowland rainforest preferred by feral cats in the Australian Wet Tropics.
Authors: Bruce Tom , Williams Steve , Amin Rajan , L’Hotellier Felicity , Hirsch Ben
Published: March 2022

Invasive mesopredators, particularly feral cats, are responsible for the
decline of many species of native mammals worldwide. In Australia, there
is currently limited understanding of the drivers of feral cat occupancy
in tropical rainforests, the most biodiverse ecosystem in the continent.
We carried out camera-trapping surveys at 108 sites across eight study
sites. Camera-trap pairs were placed at 2.2km intervals along roads,
with one camera-trap facing the road and another 50m into the forest to
ensure that individuals who prefer or avoid roads could be detected.
Single-species occupancy analysis was implemented to investigate how
environmental factors influence feral cat distribution in the Australian
Wet Tropics. There were 524 independent feral cat detections, 11 times
higher than previously recorded in the Australian Wet Tropics. The main
environmental factors influencing feral cat distribution were a positive
association with terrain ruggedness, a negative association with
elevation, and a higher affinity for rainforest than eucalypt forest.
These findings were congruent with global studies on feral cat ecology
but disagreed with similar surveys within Australia. Understory
complexity is reduced in rugged terrain, which could improve feral cats’
hunting efficiency, while increasingly harsh and consistently wet
weather conditions at higher elevations drive their preference for
lowland rainforest. Feral cats were heavily associated with roads,
supporting the theory that roads facilitate access and proliferation of
feral cats within more remote parts of the rainforest. Higher elevation
rainforest with no roads could act as refugia for native prey species
within the critical weight range. Regular monitoring of existing roads
should be implemented to monitor feral cats, and new linear
infrastructure should be limited to prevent encroachment into these
areas. This is pertinent as climate change modelling suggests that
habitats at higher elevations will become similar to lower elevations,
potentially making the environment more suitable for feral cat
populations.
Feasibility and Safety of Extended Posterior Wall Isolation Technique of Laser Balloon Ablation for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Ohkura Takashi , Senoo Keitaro , Kakita Ken , Yamasaki Takashi , Hattori Tetsuhisa , Nishimura Tetsuro , Iwakoshi Hibiki , Shimoo Satoshi , Shiraishi Hirokazu , Matoba Satoaki
Published: March 2022

Background Laser balloon ablation (LBA) is a balloon-based
catheter ablation technology used for atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation
in recent years. The laser balloon has the potential to extend the
isolation area because of its changeable balloon size. The purpose of
the study was to investigate the feasibility and safety of extended LBA
technique, and to compare the isolation area with an established balloon
technique using the cryoballoon ablation (CBA). Methods From
June 2020 to July 2021, 76 consecutive patients with paroxysmal AF who
underwent initial pulmonary vein isolation were enrolled. Of these, 65
patients were included in the study, excluding 11 who met the exclusion
criteria; 32 and 33 patients were in the LBA and CBA groups,
respectively. In the LBA group, after standard ablation of each PV,
additional extended posterior wall ablation was performed by increasing
the balloon size to the maximum (the extended LBA technique). In the CBA
group, cryoablation was performed using a 28-mm balloon. In both groups,
voltage maps were created for measuring the isolated surface area (ISA)
by the CARTO mapping system pre- and post-ablation. Results In
the LBA group, the extended LBA technique was feasible in all patients.
The total ISA after the extended LBA technique was significantly larger
than before (32.4±6.5 vs 22.3±4.1 cm ,
p<0.001) and the non-isolated posterior wall area was
significantly smaller (8.9 ± 3.5 vs 13.3 ± 3.7 cm2, p<0.001).
Although the percentage of esophageal temperature elevation
(>39.0°C) was higher during the extended LBA than during
the standard LBA (LIPV: 26/32 [81%] vs. 7/32 [22%],
p<0.001; LSPV: 10/32 [31%] vs. 2/32 [6%],
p<0.001), symptomatic gastric hypomotility or esophageal
mucosal injury was not observed in all patients. Comparing the extended
LBA and the CBA group, IASA-R (18.1 ± 4.6 vs 15.9 ± 3.5, p=0.033) and
non-isolated posterior wall (8.9 ± 3.5 vs 12.4 ± 3.7, p<0.001)
were significantly greater in the extended LBA, but cardiac enzyme
elevation after ablation was lower than the CBA group. No significant
differences were found between the two groups in perioperative major
complications or AF-free survival at 3 and 6 months.
Conclusions LBA with extended posterior wall isolation
technique was safe and feasible. Long-term effectiveness studies should
be evaluated in a larger sample size.
Two-photon microscopy for the exploration of lung in a murine model of infection with Influenzavirus reveals distinct waves of cell recruitment.
Authors: Riviere Frederic , Burger Julien , Lefèvre François , Garnier Annabelle , Tournier Jean Nicolas , Billon-Denis Emmanuelle
Published: March 2022

Rationale. Influenza is potentially fatal infectious disease that is
difficult to both treat and prevent due to the natural range, and
unpredictable nature of host immune responses. Studies evaluate immune
reaction on quantitative and functional data, but anatomical in only a
few cases with histological analysis. Objectives. Could two-photon
excitation microscopy (TPEM) improve anatomical description at cell
level of pulmonary Influenzavirus infection? Methods. Pulmonary sections
from transgenic C57BL/6 mice that had CD11c+ cells expressing yellow
fluorescent protein were examined following experimental infection with
a red fluorescent protein-expressing Influenza A virus. Measurements.
Two-photon lung micrographs were taken on days 1, 2, 3 and 4
post-infections. Flow cytometry analysis and whole-lung cytokine assays
were also performed at the same post-infections time points. Results.
TPEM showed how the infection resulted in bronchial and bronchiolar
epithelial destruction. Initially located in the bronchial and
bronchiolar epithelium, virus diffused homogeneously into the alveolar
compartment. In response, the host secreted proinflammatory cytokines
and rapidly recruited macrophages into the lungs from the perivascular
compartment. On day 4 post infection, macrophages were homogeneously
distributed throughout the entire pulmonary parenchyma, starting to
scavenge cellular debris. Three-dimensional reconstructions of TPEM
images provided quantifiable map that traced infection through the
lungs. Conclusions. This study demonstrated the added value of using
TPEM to map pulmonary viral infections, epithelial lesions, macrophages
recruitment and cellular interactions with more precision than
histological analysis. Finally, TPEM coupled to cytometry could provide
a more precise picture of the cell interactions after a lung infection
by influenza virus.
An external validation of C-reactive protein reduction as a predictor of healing following laryngopharyngectomy
Authors: James Tobias , Edwards Michael , Nieto Hannah , Mehanna Hisham , Pracy Paul , Jennings Christopher , Sharma Neil , Nankivell Paul
Published: March 2022

Key Points • CRP reduction at day five of more than 35% from the
previous highest concentration post-laryngectomy or laryngopharyngectomy
has been proposed to positively predict healing without
pharyngocutaneous fistula • Retrospective cohort analysis of 163
patients has not been able to externally validate these findings. • ROC
curves and subset analyses have not identified alternative parameters to
reach significance • However, there is a non-significant association
with decreasing postoperative CRP and healing without fistula. •
Multicentre prospective studies to include post-operative procalcitonin
could help refine this protocol further.
DECADAL ACTIVITY PATTERNS IN AN ISOLATED URBAN REPTILE ASSEMBLAGE: MONITORING UNDER A CHANGING CLIMATE.
Authors: How Richard , Cowan Mark , How Jason
Published: March 2022

Aim Determine seasonal, annual and decadal patterns of abundance in
reptile populations and assemblages occupying an isolated urban bushland
remnant Location Bold Park (~338 ha), Perth,
Southwestern Australia Time period 1986-2021 Major taxa studied:
Squamate reptiles Methods Fenced pitfall trapping in four sampling sites
representing different habitats and fire history over the primary
reptile activity period and 35 consecutive years; trapping regime was
modified for the last 28 years. Results The location occurs in one of 35
global biodiversity hotspots and has a Mediterranean climate
experiencing a 15% decline from the century average rainfall over the
last 50 years. Twenty-nine species were recorded, with 16 captured in 32
or more years and accounting for nearly 97% of all captures; the six
most common for 81%. Three taxa became locally extinct. Activity
predominates in warmer and dryer months (October to April), peaking in
November December. Species richness remained relatively constant between
years with around 73% of known taxa captured annually. Assemblage
structure didn’t change when analysing presence/absence data but shifted
through five statistically significantly assemblages analysing relative
abundance data. Over the last 28 years relative abundance was
significantly and positively correlated with annual rainfall residuals
for the three years preceding annual sampling, resulting in significant
changes in total assemblage structure and significantly similar patterns
in four sample sites; presence/absence data indicated minor assemblage
structure changes. Main conclusions Annual species number remained
relatively constant but relative abundance illustrated significant
temporal changes in assemblage structure over decades; presence/absence
did not. The modeled relationship between relative abundance and annual
rainfall residuals for the three years preceding annual sampling is
supported by known ecological responses and reptile demographics within
this Mediterranean climate. Maintenance of urban biodiversity should
consider impacts of a significantly drying climate exacerbating the
extinction debt already inherent in isolated bushland populations.
Intercalation of the disulfide bond between the A2 and A4 loop of cellobiohydrolase (Cel7A) of Aspergillus fumigatus enhances catalytic activity and thermostability.
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Sudit , Dodda Subba Reddy , Hossain Musaddique , Aikat Kaustav
Published: March 2022

Disulfide bonds maintain the proper structural conformation and
stability of the protein. Introduction of new disulfide bonds or
disulfide bonds engineering is a promising strategy of rational protein
designing that has been applied to improve the stability of various
proteins. In this work, we have applied this approach to an industrially
important enzyme Glycoside Hydrolase family GH 7 cellobiohydrolase (GH7
CBHs) or Cel7A of our locally isolated strain of thermophilic fungus
Aspergillus fumigatus ( AfCel7A). Disulfide by Design 2.0
(DbD2), a web-based tool for mutation site detection in proteins, used
and created four mutations (T416C-I432C, G460C-G465C, D276C-G279C, and
D322C-G327C) in the peripheral loops but outside of the catalytic
region. The disulfide bond (T416C-I432C) formed between the A2 and A4
loop showed higher thermostability (70% activity at 70
C), higher substrate affinity (K =
0.081mM) and higher catalytic activity (Kcat =9.75 min
; Kcat/Km = 120.37 mM min ) than
wild type AfCel7A (50% activity at 70 C; K
= 0.128mM; Kcat = 4.833 min ;
Kcat/Km = 37.75 mM min ). Whereas the other three
mutants with high B factor showed the loss of thermostability and loss
of catalytic activity compared to the wild type. This is the first
report of the gain of function of both thermostability and enzyme
activity of cellobiohydrolase Cel7A by disulfide bond engineering.
Further, comparative molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the
variant T416C-I432C is comparatively less flexible (RMSD) than both wild
type and other variants at 300K, 325K. However, increased flexibility at
tunnel entrance (RMSF at 300K and 325K) may responsible for the gain of
catalytic activity and the formation of more hydrogen bonds while
binding with cellobiose may responsible for the increase of substrate
affinity.
Pseudohyperkalemia Associated with Essential Thrombocytosis; A Hint for Better Clinical Practice
Authors: Yaghoubi Fatemeh , Dalil Davood
Published: March 2022

A 75-year-old man was admitted with a diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis
and hyperkalemia. During the treatment, he developed refractory
hyperkalemia. Following our review, diagnosis of pseudohyperkalaemia
secondary to thrombocytosis was made. We report this case to remind the
importance of clinical suspicion of this phenomenon to prevent its
serious consequences.
Extreme drought deactivates ABA biosynthesis
Authors: Mercado-Reyes Joel A. , McAdam Scott
Published: March 2022

The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is synthesized by plants during
drought to close stomata and regulate desiccation tolerance pathways. In
conifers and a few angiosperms with embolism resistant xylem a
peaking-type (p-type) response in ABA levels has been observed, in which
ABA levels increase early in drought then decrease as drought
progresses, declining to pre-stressed levels. The mechanism behind this
dynamic remains unknown. Here we sought to characterize the mechanism
driving p-type ABA dynamics in the conifer Callitris rhomboidea
and the highly drought resistant angiosperm Umbellularia
californica. We measured leaf water potentials (Ψ ),
stomatal conductance, ABA, conjugates and phaseic acid (PA) levels in
potted plants during a prolonged but non-fatal drought. Both species
displayed a p-type ABA dynamic during prolonged drought. Measuring ABA
levels in bench dried, rehydrated branches collected before and after
the peak in ABA levels revelated that in both species ABA biosynthesis
is deactivated in leaves that have been dehydrated beyond leaf turgor
loss point. Considerable conversion of ABA to conjugates was found to
occur during drought, but not catabolism to PA. The mechanism driving
the decline in ABA levels in p-type species appears to be conserved
across seed plants and is mediated by sustained conjugation of ABA and
the deactivation of ABA biosynthesis as Ψ becomes more
negative than turgor loss.