bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Memory-Constrained Vectorization and Scheduling of Dataflow Graphs for Hybrid CPU-GPU Platforms
Authors: Lin Shuoxin , Wu Jiahao , Bhattacharyya Shuvra S.
Published: January 2018

The increasing use of heterogeneous embedded systems with multi-core CPUs and Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) presents important challenges in effectively exploiting pipeline, task, and data-level parallelism to meet throughput requirements of digital signal processing applications. Moreover, in the presence of system-level memory constraints, hand optimization of code to satisfy these requirements is inefficient and error prone and can therefore, greatly slow down development time or result in highly underutilized processing resources. In this article, we present vectorization and scheduling methods to effectively exploit multiple forms of parallelism for throughput optimization on hybrid CPU-GPU platforms, while conforming to system-level memory constraints. The methods operate on synchronous dataflow representations, which are widely used in the design of embedded systems for signal and information processing. We show that our novel methods can significantly improve system throughput compared to previous vectorization and scheduling approaches under the same memory constraints. In addition, we present a practical case-study of applying our methods to significantly improve the throughput of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing receiver system for wireless communications.
The uncap experience in developing ICT for health
Authors: Anzivino S. , Tessarolo F. , Morganti E. , Conti G. , Nollo G.
Published: January 2018

Dementia is one of the most relevant chronic diseases affecting the ageing population. The elder with mild or moderate cognitive impairment (MMCI) suffers of progressive cognitive decline with increasing difficulties in performing activities of daily living. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for Healthcare can provide solutions to relief the caregivers' burden and to support the elder in maintaining dignity and independence. The H2020 project aimed at developing and testing a bundle of hardware and software technologies able to fit the individual needs of the elder with MMCI and his/her formal and informal caregivers. The revolutionary design of UNCAP technologies and services required the development of a new paradigm for assessing their impact on the care system. Health Technology Assessment was the suitable instrument for multidimensional evaluation (safety, effectiveness, costs, impact). These tools was further refined and applied to UNCAP technologies by integrating HTA in all planning and development phase of the product, thus realizing the "HTA by design". According to this new paradigm, all dimensions of analysis were taken into account starting from the conceptualization of UNCAP solution and requirement elicitation, to the prototype development and testing at pilot sites.
Differential roles of WNK4 in regulation of NCC in vivo
Authors: Yang Yih-Sheng , Xie Jian , Yang Sung-Sen , Lin Shih-Hua , Huang Chou-Long
Published: January 2018

The Na+-Cl− cotransporter (NCC) in distal convoluted tubule (DCT) plays important roles in renal NaCl reabsorption. The current hypothesis for the mechanism of regulation of NCC focuses on WNK4 and intracellular Cl− concentration ([Cl−]i). WNK kinases bind Cl−, and Cl− binding decreases the catalytic activity. It is believed that hypokalemia under low K+ intake decreases [Cl−]i to activate WNK4, which thereby phosphorylates and stimulates NCC through activation of SPAK. However, increased NCC activity and apical NaCl entry would mitigate the fall in [Cl−]i. Whether [Cl−]i in DCT under low-K+ diet is sufficiently low to activate WNK4 is unknown. Furthermore, increased luminal NaCl delivery also stimulates NCC and causes upregulation of the transporter. Unlike low K+ intake, increased luminal NaCl delivery would tend to increase [Cl−]i. Thus we investigated the role of WNK4 and [Cl−]i in regulating NCC. We generated Wnk4-knockout mice and examined regulation of NCC by low K+ intake and by increased luminal NaCl delivery in knockout (KO) and wild-type mice. Wnk4-KO mice have marked reduction in the abundance, phosphorylation, and functional activity of NCC vs. wild type. Low K+ intake increases NCC phosphorylation and functional activity in wild-type mice, but not in Wnk4-KO mice. Increased luminal NaCl delivery similarly upregulates NCC, which, contrary to low K+ intake, is not abolished in Wnk4-KO mice. The results reveal that modulation of WNK4 activity by [Cl−]i is not the sole mechanism for regulating NCC. Increased luminal NaCl delivery upregulates NCC via yet unknown mechanism(s) that may override inhibition of WNK4 by high [Cl−]i.
Escape from homeostasis: spinal microcircuits and progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Brownstone Robert M. , Lancelin Camille
Published: January 2018

In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), loss of motoneuron function leads to weakness and, ultimately, respiratory failure and death. Regardless of the initial pathogenic factors, motoneuron loss follows a specific pattern: the largest α-motoneurons die before smaller α-motoneurons, and γ-motoneurons are spared. In this article, we examine how homeostatic responses to this orderly progression could lead to local microcircuit dysfunction that in turn propagates motoneuron dysfunction and death. We first review motoneuron diversity and the principle of α-γ coactivation and then discuss two specific spinal motoneuron microcircuits: those involving proprioceptive afferents and those involving Renshaw cells. Next, we propose that the overall homeostatic response of the nervous system is aimed at maintaining force output. Thus motoneuron degeneration would lead to an increase in inputs to motoneurons, and, because of the pattern of neuronal degeneration, would result in an imbalance in local microcircuit activity that would overwhelm initial homeostatic responses. We suggest that this activity would ultimately lead to excitotoxicity of motoneurons, which would hasten the progression of disease. Finally, we propose that should this be the case, new therapies targeted toward microcircuit dysfunction could slow the course of ALS.
Modeling auditory-visual evoked eye-head gaze shifts in dynamic multisteps
Authors: Kasap Bahadir , van Opstal A. John
Published: January 2018

In dynamic visual or auditory gaze double-steps, a brief target flash or sound burst is presented in midflight of an ongoing eye-head gaze shift. Behavioral experiments in humans and monkeys have indicated that the subsequent eye and head movements to the target are goal-directed, regardless of stimulus timing, first gaze shift characteristics, and initial conditions. This remarkable behavior requires that the gaze-control system 1) has continuous access to accurate signals about eye-in-head position and ongoing eye-head movements, 2) that it accounts for different internal signal delays, and 3) that it is able to update the retinal ( TE) and head-centric ( TH) target coordinates into appropriate eye-centered and head-centered motor commands on millisecond time scales. As predictive, feedforward remapping of targets cannot account for this behavior, we propose that targets are transformed and stored into a stable reference frame as soon as their sensory information becomes available. We present a computational model, in which recruited cells in the midbrain superior colliculus drive eyes and head to the stored target location through a common dynamic oculocentric gaze-velocity command, which is continuously updated from the stable goal and transformed into appropriate oculocentric and craniocentric motor commands. We describe two equivalent, yet conceptually different, implementations that both account for the complex, but accurate, kinematic behaviors and trajectories of eye-head gaze shifts under a variety of challenging multisensory conditions, such as in dynamic visual-auditory multisteps.
Bioactivities of Traditional Medicinal Plants in Alexandria
Authors: Elansary Hosam O. , Szopa Agnieszka , Kubica Paweł , Ekiert Halina , Ali Hayssam M. , Elshikh Mohamed S. , Abdel-Salam Eslam M. , El-Esawi Mohamed , El-Ansary Diaa O.
Published: January 2018

In traditional folklore, medicinal herbs play a vital role in the prevention and treatment of microbial diseases. In the present study, the phenolic profiles of the medicinal plants Asparagus aethiopicus L., Citrullus colocynthis L., Senna alexandrina L., Kalanchoe delagoensis L., Gasteria pillansii L., Cymbopogon citratus, Brassica juncea, and Curcuma longa L. were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography with a diode‐array detector method. The results revealed rich sources of important compounds such as robinin in the fruits and leaves of A. aethiopicus; caffeic acid in the tubers of A. aethiopicus and quercitrin in the leaves of G. pillansii. Further, relatively high antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities were observed in C. colocynthis fruit coat, S. alexandrina pods, and A. aethiopicus leaves, respectively. The relatively higher the bioactivities of plants extracts associated with the phenols in these plants, in particular, the more abundant the phenols. Therefore, it was concluded that the fruit coat of C. colocynthis, pods of S. alexandrina, and leaves of A. aethiopicus might be excellent sources of natural products. These plant extracts also have a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activities that could be used in the pharmaceutical industries and to control diseases.
A Rare Benign Tumor in a 14-Year-Old Girl
Authors: Abualjadayel Meral Hassan , Safdar Osama Y. , Banjari Maysaa Adnan , El Desoky Sherif , Mokhtar Ghadeer A. , Azhar Raed A.
Published: January 2018

Background. Oncocytomas are the second most common benign renal neoplasm but, unfortunately, they are difficult to differentiate from renal cell carcinoma. Renal oncocytomas are rare and have mostly been reported in adults. To our knowledge, this is only the sixth pediatric reported case of renal oncocytoma worldwide. Case Presentation. A 14-year-old Yemeni girl with a recurrent history of urinary tract infections came to our clinic complaining of left flank pain with a frontal headache. Ultrasound showed a 3 cm, well-defined echogenic lesion with mild vascularity. This lesion increased in size on her subsequent follow-ups. Computed tomography showed no intralesional fat, vessels invasion, or enlarged lymph nodes. The patient underwent laparoscopic radical nephrectomy, and a pathology report confirmed the diagnosis of renal oncocytoma. Conclusion and Recommendations. We present the rare occurrence of renal oncocytoma in a pediatric patient and highlight the importance of considering oncocytomas in the diagnosis of a renal mass.
Comparison of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography and Laser Speckle Flowgraphy for the Diagnosis of Normal-Tension Glaucoma
Authors: Takeyama Asuka , Ishida Kyoko , Anraku Ayako , Ishida Masahiro , Tomita Goji
Published: January 2018

Purpose. To compare optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) and laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) for the diagnosis of normal-tension glaucoma (NTG). Methods. Twenty-eight eyes of 28 patients with NTG and 25 eyes of 25 normal subjects matched for age, refractive errors, systemic blood pressure, and central corneal thickness were evaluated. OCT-A was used to measure whole image vessel density, inside disc vessel density, and peripapillary vessel density; using LSFG, mean blur rate (MBR) inside the whole optic nerve head (ONH) area (MBRA), and MBR of the vessel area (MBRV) and tissue area (MBRT) inside the ONH, were determined. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and areas under the ROC (AUROC) were used to assess the diagnostic ability of each variable. Results. The AUROC for OCT-A whole image vessel density (0.950) was significantly greater than that for OCT-A peripapillary vessel density (0.830) and for all LSFG parameters (MBRA = 0.793, MBRV = 0.601, and MBRT = 0.61) (P<0.001). The AUROC for OCT-A inside disc vessel density (0.931) was significantly greater than that for all LSFG parameters (P<0.005). Conclusions. OCT-A vessel density had a higher glaucoma diagnostic ability compared to all LSFG parameters in patients with NTG.
Sound-Proximity: 2-Factor Authentication against Relay Attack on Passive Keyless Entry and Start System
Authors: Choi Wonsuk , Seo Minhye , Lee Dong Hoon
Published: January 2018

Passive keyless entry and start system has been widely used in modern cars. Car owners can open the door or start the engine merely by having the key in their pocket. PKES was originally designed to establish a communication channel between the car and its key within approximately one meter. However, the channel is vulnerable to relay attacks by which attackers unlock the door even if the key is out of range. Even though relay attacks have been recognized as a potential threat for over ten years, such attacks were thought to be impractical due to highly expensive equipment; however, the required cost is gradually practical. Recently, a relay attack has been demonstrated with equipment being sold only under $100. In this paper, we propose a sound-based proximity-detection method to prevent relay attacks on PKES systems. The sound is eligible to be applied to PKES because audio systems are commonly available in cars. We evaluate our method, considering environments where cars are commonly parked, and present the recording time satisfying both usability and security. In addition, we newly define an advanced attack, called the record-and-playback attack, for sound-based proximity detection, demonstrating that our method is robust to such an attack.
Endometriosis in a Man as a Rare Source of Abdominal Pain: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Rei Christina , Williams Thomas , Feloney Michael
Published: January 2018

Endometriosis occurs when a tissue resembling endometrial glands and stroma grows in ectopic sites, commonly causing infertility and pain. This condition is most often seen in women of reproductive age, involving pelvic sites such as the ovaries, broad ligaments, uterosacral ligaments, and posterior cul-de-sac. Very rarely, endometriosis has also been found in the lower genitourinary tract of men. A 40-year-old man presented to his primary care physician with abdominal pain. Further imaging discovered a midline mass. Surgical removal of the mass and histological investigations led to the diagnosis of endometriosis. There are multiple theories on the etiology of both female and male endometriosis. The prevailing risk factor proposed in previous cases of male endometriosis is prolonged exposure to estrogen therapy. Should endometriosis become symptomatic, cessation of estrogen therapy and careful surgical intervention may successfully relieve the associated symptoms.
MicroRNA-Mediated Regulation of HMGB1 in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Yan Jianing , Ying Shibo , Cai Xiujun
Published: January 2018

High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a potential therapeutic target and novel biomarker in a variety of malignant tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). More recently, a number of microRNAs (miRNAs) are identified as a class of regulators for broad control of HMGB1-mediated biological actions in eukaryotic cells. In this review article we will describe representative miRNAs involved in regulating the HMGB1 signaling pathways in HCC cell lines and/or animal models. We also propose the possible mechanisms underlying the miRNA/HMGB1 axis and discuss the future clinical significance of miRNAs targeting HMGB1 molecule for HCC therapy.
Unraveling the Burden of Iron in Neurodegeneration: Intersections with Amyloid Beta Peptide Pathology
Authors: Uranga Romina María , Salvador Gabriela Alejandra
Published: January 2018

Iron overload is a hallmark of many neurodegenerative processes such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s diseases. Unbound iron accumulated as a consequence of brain aging is highly reactive with water and oxygen and produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) or free radicals. ROS are toxic compounds able to damage cell membranes, DNA, and mitochondria. Which are the mechanisms involved in neuronal iron homeostasis and in neuronal response to iron‐induced oxidative stress constitutes a cutting‐edge topic in metalloneurobiology. Increasing our knowledge about the underlying mechanisms that operate in iron accumulation and their consequences would shed light on the comprehension of the molecular events that participate in the pathophysiology of the abovementioned neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, current evidences about iron accumulation in the brain, the signaling mechanisms triggered by metal overload, as well as the interaction between amyloid β (Aβ) and iron, will be summarized.
Yeast Cells Exposed to Exogenous Palmitoleic Acid Either Adapt to Stress and Survive or Commit to Regulated Liponecrosis and Die
Authors: Mohammad Karamat , Dakik Paméla , Medkour Younes , McAuley Mélissa , Mitrofanova Darya , Titorenko Vladimir I.
Published: January 2018

A disturbed homeostasis of cellular lipids and the resulting lipotoxicity are considered to be key contributors to many human pathologies, including obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been successfully used for uncovering molecular mechanisms through which impaired lipid metabolism causes lipotoxicity and elicits different forms of regulated cell death. Here, we discuss mechanisms of the “liponecrotic” mode of regulated cell death in S. cerevisiae. This mode of regulated cell death can be initiated in response to a brief treatment of yeast with exogenous palmitoleic acid. Such treatment prompts the incorporation of exogenously added palmitoleic acid into phospholipids and neutral lipids. This orchestrates a global remodeling of lipid metabolism and transfer in the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, lipid droplets, and the plasma membrane. Certain features of such remodeling play essential roles either in committing yeast to liponecrosis or in executing this mode of regulated cell death. We also outline four processes through which yeast cells actively resist liponecrosis by adapting to the cellular stress imposed by palmitoleic acid and maintaining viability. These prosurvival cellular processes are confined in the endoplasmic reticulum, lipid droplets, peroxisomes, autophagosomes, vacuoles, and the cytosol.
Free Radical Damage in Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury: An Obstacle in Acute Ischemic Stroke after Revascularization Therapy
Authors: Sun Ming-Shuo , Jin Hang , Sun Xin , Huang Shuo , Zhang Fu-Liang , Guo Zhen-Ni , Yang Yi
Published: January 2018

Acute ischemic stroke is a common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and endovascular thrombectomy are the main revascularization therapies for acute ischemic stroke. However, ischemia‐reperfusion injury after revascularization therapy can result in worsening outcomes. Among all possible pathological mechanisms of ischemia‐reperfusion injury, free radical damage (mainly oxidative/nitrosative stress injury) has been found to play a key role in the process. Free radicals lead to protein dysfunction, DNA damage, and lipid peroxidation, resulting in cell death. Additionally, free radical damage has a strong connection with inducing hemorrhagic transformation and cerebral edema, which are the major complications of revascularization therapy, and mainly influencing neurological outcomes due to the disruption of the blood‐brain barrier. In order to get a better clinical prognosis, more and more studies focus on the pharmaceutical and nonpharmaceutical neuroprotective therapies against free radical damage. This review discusses the pathological mechanisms of free radicals in ischemia‐reperfusion injury and adjunctive neuroprotective therapies combined with revascularization therapy against free radical damage.
Antireflux Metal Stent for Initial Treatment of Malignant Distal Biliary Obstruction
Authors: Morita Shinichi , Arai Yasuaki , Sugawara Shunsuke , Sone Miyuki , Sakamoto Yasunari , Okusaka Takuji , Yoshinaga Shigetaka , Saito Yutaka , Terai Shuji
Published: January 2018

Objectives. To compare the use of an antireflux metal stent (ARMS) with that of a conventional covered self-expandable metal stent (c-CSEMS) for initial stenting of malignant distal biliary obstruction (MDBO). Materials and Methods. We retrospectively investigated 59 consecutive patients with unresectable MDBO undergoing initial endoscopic biliary drainage. ARMS was used in 32 patients and c-CSEMS in 27. Technical success, functional success, complications, causes of recurrent biliary obstruction (RBO), time to RBO (TRBO), and reintervention were compared between the groups. Results. Stent placement was technically successful in all patients. There were no significant intergroup differences in functional success (ARMS [96.9%] versus c-CSEMS [96.2%]), complications (6.2 versus 7.4%), and RBO (48.4 versus 42.3%). Food impaction was significantly less frequent for ARMS than for c-CSEMS (P=0.037), but TRBO did not differ significantly between the groups (log-rank test, P=0.967). The median TRBO was 180.0 [interquartile range (IQR), 114.0–349.0] days for ARMS and 137.0 [IQR, 87.0–442.0] days for c-CSEMS. In both groups, reintervention for RBO was successfully completed in all patients thus treated. Conclusion. ARMS offers no advantage for initial stent placement, but food impaction is significantly prevented by the antireflux valve.
Effects and Mechanisms of Tastants on the Gustatory-Salivary Reflex in Human Minor Salivary Glands
Authors: Satoh-Kuriwada Shizuko , Shoji Noriaki , Miyake Hiroyuki , Watanabe Chiyo , Sasano Takashi
Published: January 2018

The effects and mechanisms of tastes on labial minor salivary gland (LMSG) secretion were investigated in 59 healthy individuals. Stimulation with each of the five basic tastes (i.e., sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and umami) onto the tongue induced LMSG secretion in a dose-dependent manner. Umami and sour tastes evoked greater secretion than did the other tastes. A synergistic effect of umami on LMSG secretion was recognized: a much greater increase in secretion was observed by a mixed solution of monosodium glutamate and inosine 5′-monophosphate than by each separate stimulation. Blood flow (BF) in the nearby labial mucosa also increased following stimulation by each taste except bitter. The BF change and LMSG secretion in each participant showed a significant positive correlation with all tastes, including bitter. Administration of cevimeline hydrochloride hydrate to the labial mucosa evoked a significant increase in both LMSG secretion and BF, while adrenaline, atropine, and pirenzepine decreased LMSG secretion and BF. The change in LMSG secretion and BF induced by each autonomic agent was significantly correlated in each participant. These results indicate that basic tastes can induce the gustatory-salivary reflex in human LMSGs and that parasympathetic regulation is involved in this mechanism.
Probiotics for the Control of Helminth Zoonosis
Authors: Reda Abadi Amare
Published: January 2018

This paper is a comprehensive, concise, and an up to date review about probiotics effect and mechanisms against helminth infections of zoonotic importance. Zoonoses are diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans in a reversible way. Despite zoonotic helminth diseases being still a challenge to the public health and the agriculture industries globally, they were still neglected in both human and veterinary medicine. Moreover, the increasing emergence of anthelmintic drug resistance constitutes failures of most disease control strategies, alarming for a quest to new alternative control approaches. Consequently, the use of beneficial microorganisms, probiotics, is becoming interesting for its prophylactic or therapeutic application against several diseases including helminths. Recent studies on probiotics against parasites and the interactions between bacteria, parasites, and the immune system in the gut draw much attention. However, the effects of these beneficial microorganisms in helminth infections remain largely unexplored. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to raise attention and to summarize recent findings on probiotics research against helminth parasites of zoonotic significance. State-of-the-art research on beneficial effects of bacteria on helminth infections and their proposed mechanisms of action is thoroughly discussed.
A 3.22–5.45 GHz and 199 dBc/Hz FoMT CMOS Complementary Class‐C DCO
Authors: Ma Lei , Yan Na , Chen Sizheng , Liu Yangzi , Min Hao
Published: January 2018

This paper implements a complementary Class‐C digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) with differential transistor pairs. The transistors are dynamically biased by feedback loops separately benefiting the robust oscillation start‐up with low power consumption. By optimizing three switched capacitor arrays and employing fractional capacitor array with sigma‐delta modulator (SDM), the presented DCO operates from 3.22 GHz to 5.45 GHz with a 51.5% frequency tuning range and 0.1 ppm frequency resolution. The design was implemented in a 65 nm CMOS process with power consumption of 2.8 mA at 1.2 V voltage supply. Measurement results show that the phase noise is about −126 dBc/Hz at 3 MHz offset from a 5.054 GHz carrier frequency with the 1/f3 corner frequency of 260 KHz. The resulting FoMT achieves 199.4 dBc/Hz and varies less than 2 dB across the frequency tuning range.
Adaptive Neural Networks Control Using Barrier Lyapunov Functions for DC Motor System with Time‐Varying State Constraints
Authors: Ma Lei , Li Dapeng
Published: January 2018

This paper proposes an adaptive neural network (NN) control approach for a direct‐current (DC) system with full state constraints. To guarantee that state constraints always remain in the asymmetric time‐varying constraint regions, the asymmetric time‐varying Barrier Lyapunov Function (BLF) is employed to structure an adaptive NN controller. As we all know that the constant constraint is only a special case of the time‐varying constraint, hence, the proposed control method is more general for dealing with constraint problem as compared with the existing works on DC systems. As far as we know, this system is the first studied situations with time‐varying constraints. Using Lyapunov analysis, all signals in the closed‐loop system are proved to be bounded and the constraints are not violated. In this paper, the effectiveness of the control method is demonstrated by simulation results.
Electrochemical and AFM Characterization of G-Quadruplex Electrochemical Biosensors and Applications
Authors: Chiorcea-Paquim Ana-Maria , Eritja Ramon , Oliveira-Brett Ana Maria
Published: January 2018

Guanine-rich DNA sequences are able to form G-quadruplexes, being involved in important biological processes and representing smart self-assembling nanomaterials that are increasingly used in DNA nanotechnology and biosensor technology. G-quadruplex electrochemical biosensors have received particular attention, since the electrochemical response is particularly sensitive to the DNA structural changes from single-stranded, double-stranded, or hairpin into a G-quadruplex configuration. Furthermore, the development of an increased number of G-quadruplex aptamers that combine the G-quadruplex stiffness and self-assembling versatility with the aptamer high specificity of binding to a variety of molecular targets allowed the construction of biosensors with increased selectivity and sensitivity. This review discusses the recent advances on the electrochemical characterization, design, and applications of G-quadruplex electrochemical biosensors in the evaluation of metal ions, G-quadruplex ligands, and other small organic molecules, proteins, and cells. The electrochemical and atomic force microscopy characterization of G-quadruplexes is presented. The incubation time and cations concentration dependence in controlling the G-quadruplex folding, stability, and nanostructures formation at carbon electrodes are discussed. Different G-quadruplex electrochemical biosensors design strategies, based on the DNA folding into a G-quadruplex, the use of G-quadruplex aptamers, or the use of hemin/G-quadruplex DNAzymes, are revisited.
Prognostic Value of Immunoscore and PD-L1 Expression in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients with Different RAS Status after Palliative Operation
Authors: Liu Ruiqi , Peng Ke , Yu Yiyi , Liang Li , Xu Xiaojing , Li Wei , Yu Shan , Liu Tianshu
Published: January 2018

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fifth leading cause of cancer death and the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer in China. Approximately, 25% of CRC was in the advanced stage as diagnosed, and 40% of patients with CRC progress to metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). RAS mutation status is now routinely used to select their therapy. But it is still a question whether RAS mutation status is a prognostic marker. In our study, we detected RAS mutation, immunoscore (IS), and PD-L1 expression in 60 Chinese mCRC patients who received palliative operation. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the overall survival (OS) in patients with RAS wild type was better than those with RAS mutated type. Moreover, in multivariate analysis, RAS mutation and PD-L1 expression were demonstrated to be the independent negative prognostic factors for OS (P=0.044, HR: 0.258, and 95% CI: 0.069–0.967;P=0.048, HR: 0.276, and 95% CI: 0.077–0,988). All results suggested that, combined with IS, PD-L1 expression and RAS status may be the prognostic indicators for mCRC patients with palliative operation.
Through-Focus Vision Performance and Light Disturbances of 3 New Intraocular Lenses for Presbyopia Correction
Authors: Escandón-García Santiago , Ribeiro Filomena J. , McAlinden Colm , Queirós António , González-Méijome José M.
Published: January 2018

Purpose. To compare the through-focus visual performance in a clinical population of pseudophakic patients implanted with two new trifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) and one extended depth of focus IOL. Methods. Prospective, nonrandomized, examiner-masked case series. Twenty-three patients received the FineVision® and seven patients received the PanOptix™ trifocal IOLs. Fifteen patients received the Symfony extended depth of focus IOL. Mean age of patients was 63 ± 8 years. Through-focus visual acuity was measured from –3.00 to +1.00 D vergences. Contrast sensitivity was measured with and without a source of glare. Light disturbances were evaluated with the Light Distortion Analyzer. Results. Though-focus evaluation showed that trifocal IOLs performed significantly better at near distance (33 and 40 cm), and extended depth of focus performed significantly better at intermediate distance (1.0 m). Contrast sensitivity function with glare and dysphotopsia was similar between the three IOLs and subjective response to questionnaire showed a significantly higher score (worse performance) for the extended depth of focus IOL compared to both trifocal IOLs in the bothersome subscale (p<0.05). Conclusions. Trifocal IOLs grant better performance at near distance while extended depth of focus IOL performs better at intermediate distance. Objective dysphotopsia measured with the Light Distortion Analyzer is not reduced in extended depth of focus IOL compared to trifocal IOLs.
Epigallocatechin‐3‐Gallate (EGCG) Promotes Autophagy‐Dependent Survival via Influencing the Balance of mTOR‐AMPK Pathways upon Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
Authors: Holczer Marianna , Besze Boglárka , Zámbó Veronika , Csala Miklós , Bánhegyi Gábor , Kapuy Orsolya
Published: January 2018

The maintenance of cellular homeostasis is largely dependent on the ability of cells to give an adequate response to various internal and external stimuli. We have recently proposed that the life‐and‐death decision in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response is defined by a crosstalk between autophagy, apoptosis, and mTOR‐AMPK pathways, where the transient switch from autophagy‐dependent survival to apoptotic cell death is controlled by GADD34. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG), the major polyphenol of green tea, in promoting autophagy‐dependent survival and to verify the key role in connecting GADD34 with mTOR‐AMPK pathways upon prolonged ER stress. Our findings, obtained by using HEK293T cells, revealed that EGCG treatment is able to extend cell viability by inducing autophagy. We confirmed that EGCG‐induced autophagy is mTOR‐dependent and PKA‐independent; furthermore, it also required ULK1. We show that pretreatment of cells with EGCG diminishes the negative effect of GADD34 inhibition (by guanabenz or siGADD34 treatment) on autophagy. EGCG was able to delay apoptotic cell death by upregulating autophagy‐dependent survival even in the absence of GADD34. Our data suggest a novel role for EGCG in promoting cell survival via shifting the balance of mTOR‐AMPK pathways in ER stress.
Managing Recurrent Congestion of Subway Network in Peak Hours with Station Inflow Control
Authors: Zou Qingru , Yao Xiangming , Zhao Peng , Dou Fei , Yang Taoyuan
Published: January 2018

Station inflow control (SIC) is an important and effective method for reducing recurrent congestion during peak hours in the Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou subway systems. This work proposes a practical and efficient method for establishing a static SIC scheme in normal weekdays for large-scale subway networks. First, a traffic assignment model without capacity constraint is utilized to determine passenger flow distributions on the network. An internal relationship between station inflows and section flows is then constructed. Second, capacity bottlenecks are identified by considering the transport capacity of each section. Then, a feedback-based bottleneck elimination strategy is established to search target control stations and determine their control time and control strength. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, a decision support system coded in the C# programming language was developed, and the Beijing subway was used as a case study. The results indicate that the proposed method and tool are capable of practical applications, and the generated SIC plan has better performance over the existing SIC plan. This study provides a practical and useful method for operation agencies to construct SIC schemes in the subway system.
Osteochondroma of the Scapula with Accessory Nerve (XI) Compression
Authors: Beauchamp-Chalifour Philippe , Pelet Stéphane
Published: January 2018

Osteochondroma is the most common benign bone tumor and is characterized as a cartilage-capped bony stalk. This lesion usually develops from the growth plate of long bones. Most osteochondromas are asymptomatic. Neurovascular compressions or cosmetic issues can occur in specific locations. Malignant transformation is extremely rare, and MRI can help evaluate these lesions. Symptomatic mass and malignancy features are the main surgical indications. Uncommonly, an osteochondroma can develop from flat bones. We present the case of a 25-year-old patient with a right scapula osteochondroma causing an accessory nerve compression. The mass was surgically removed, and the diagnosis was confirmed. The patient fully recovered at the latest 3-year follow-up visit.
Base Detection Research of Drilling Robot System by Using Visual Inspection
Authors: Wang Zhanxi , Bai Jing , Zhang Xiaoyu , Qin Xiansheng , Tan Xiaoqun , Zhao Yali
Published: January 2018

This paper expounds the principle and method of calibration and base detection by using the visual measurement system for detection and correction of installation error between workpiece and the robot drilling system. This includes the use of Cognex Insight 5403 high precision industrial camera, a light source, and the KEYENCE coaxial IL-300 laser displacement sensor. The three-base holes method and two-base holes method are proposed to analyze the transfer relation between the basic coordinate system of the actual hole drilling robot and the basic coordinate system of the theoretical hole drilling robot. The corresponding vision coordinates calibration and the base detection experiments are examined and the data indicate that the result of base detection is close to the correct value.
Correlation between CHA2DS2-VASc Score and Glaucoma Treatment and Prognosis
Authors: Pikkel Yoav Y. , Krebs Daniel , Igal Vadim , Sharabi-Nov Adi , Epstein Irena , Pikkel Joseph
Published: January 2018

Purpose. To find if CHA2DS2-VASc scale can accurately predict the treatment, prognosis, and outcome for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Patients and methods. A survey of 250,000 patient years was taken, using the records of the Ophthalmology Department at Ziv Medical Center. Data was collected regarding the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), visual field (VF), line of treatment (LOT) of glaucoma, and all the data needed to accurately calculate CHA2DS2-VASc score for each patient. Results. Sixty-seven patients were included in the statistical analysis. The mean age was 72.5 years. The mean CHA2DS2-VASc score was 3.27 + −1.7. Positive Pearson’s correlation coefficients were found for LOT and CHA2DS2-VASc score, 0.35, and for RNFL grade and CHA2DS2-VASc score, 0.37. The correlation was negative for RNFL width and CHA2DS2-VASc score, −0.35. Conclusions. CHA2DS2-VASc score was shown to be correlated with glaucoma. This correlation was manifested positively by the LOT needed to stop glaucoma progression, with higher CHA2DS2-VASc scores correlated with more aggressive treatment. Since glaucoma is a disease with a progressing nature, it is important to treat patients aggressively on one hand, while offering the most benign treatment as possible on the other hand. Modification of the CHA2DS2-VASc score could achieve an even higher correlation.
Neuroprotective Effect and Molecular Mechanism of [6]‐Gingerol against Scopolamine‐Induced Amnesia in C57BL/6 Mice
Authors: Kim Chang-Yul , Seo Yongtaek , Lee Chan , Park Gyu Hwan , Jang Jung-Hee
Published: January 2018

We have investigated the neuroprotective and memory enhancing effect of [6]‐gingerol (GIN), a pungent ingredient of ginger, using an animal model of amnesia. To determine the neuroprotective effect of GIN on cognitive dysfunction, scopolamine (SCO, 1 mg/kg, i.p.) was injected into C57BL/6 mice, and a series of behavioral tests were conducted. SCO‐induced behavior changes and memory impairments, such as decreased alteration (%) in Y‐maze test, increased mean escape latency in water maze test, diminished step‐through latency in passive avoidance test, and shortened freezing time in fear condition test, were significantly prevented and restored by the oral administration of GIN (10 or 25 mg/kg/day). To further verify the neuroprotective mechanism of GIN, we have focused on the brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The administration of GIN elevated the protein expression of BDNF, which was mediated via the activation of protein kinase B/Akt‐ and cAMP‐response element binding protein (CREB) signaling pathway. These results suggest that GIN may have preventive and/or therapeutic potentials in the management of memory deficit and cognitive impairment in mice with amnesia.
Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy as a Result of Mild Hypercaloric Challenge in Absence of Signs of Diabetes: Modulation by Antidiabetic Drugs
Authors: Al-Assi Ola , Ghali Rana , Mroueh Ali , Kaplan Abdullah , Mougharbil Nahed , Eid Ali H. , Zouein Fouad A. , El-Yazbi Ahmed F.
Published: January 2018

Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is an early cardiovascular complication of diabetes occurring before metabolic derangement is evident. The cause of CAN remains elusive and cannot be directly linked to hyperglycemia. Recent clinical data report cardioprotective effects of some antidiabetic drugs independent of their hypoglycemic action. Here, we used a rat model receiving limited daily increase in calories from fat (HC diet) to assess whether mild metabolic challenge led to CAN in absence of interfering effects of hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, or obesity. Rats receiving HC diet for 12 weeks showed reduction in baroreceptor sensitivity and heart rate variability despite lack of change in baseline hemodynamic and cardiovascular structural parameters. Impairment of cardiac autonomic control was accompanied with perivascular adipose inflammation observed as an increased inflammatory cytokine expression, together with increased cardiac oxidative stress, and signaling derangement characteristic of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Two‐week treatment with metformin or pioglitazone rectified the autonomic derangement and corrected the molecular changes. Switching rats to normal chow but not to isocaloric amounts of HC for two weeks reversed CAN. As such, we conclude that adipose inflammation due to increased fat intake might underlie development of CAN and, hence, the beneficial effects of metformin and pioglitazone.
Nutrients and Oxidative Stress: Friend or Foe?
Authors: Tan Bee Ling , Norhaizan Mohd Esa , Liew Winnie-Pui-Pui
Published: January 2018

There are different types of nutritionally mediated oxidative stress sources that trigger inflammation. Much information indicates that high intakes of macronutrients can promote oxidative stress and subsequently contribute to inflammation via nuclear factor‐kappa B‐ (NF‐κB‐) mediated cell signaling pathways. Dietary carbohydrates, animal‐based proteins, and fats are important to highlight here because they may contribute to the long‐term consequences of nutritionally mediated inflammation. Oxidative stress is a central player of metabolic ailments associated with high‐carbohydrate and animal‐based protein diets and excessive fat consumption. Obesity has become an epidemic and represents the major risk factor for several chronic diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms of nutritionally mediated oxidative stress are complex and poorly understood. Therefore, this review aimed to explore how dietary choices exacerbate or dampen the oxidative stress and inflammation. We also discussed the implications of oxidative stress in the adipocyte and glucose metabolism and obesity‐associated noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Taken together, a better understanding of the role of oxidative stress in obesity and the development of obesity‐related NCDs would provide a useful approach. This is because oxidative stress can be mediated by both extrinsic and intrinsic factors, hence providing a plausible means for the prevention of metabolic disorders.
A Rare Case of Systemic AL Amyloidosis with Muscle Involvement: A Misleading Diagnosis
Authors: Accardi Fabrizio , Papa Valentina , Capozzi Anna Rita , Capello Gian Luca , Verga Laura , Mancini Cristina , Martella Eugenia , Costa Roberta , Notarfranchi Laura , Dalla Palma Benedetta , Aversa Franco , Pietrini Vladimiro , Cenacchi Giovanna , Giuliani Nicola
Published: January 2018

Muscle involvement in AL amyloidosis is a rare condition, and the diagnosis of amyloid myopathy is often delayed and underdiagnosed. Amyloid myopathy may be the initial manifestation and may precede the diagnosis of systemic AL amyloidosis. Here, we report the case of a 73-year-old man who was referred to our center for a monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) diagnosed since 1999. He reported a progressive weakness of proximal muscles of the legs with onset six months previously. Muscle biopsy showed mild histopathology featuring alterations of nonspecific type with a mixed myopathic and neurogenic involvement, and the diagnostic turning point was the demonstration of characteristic green birefringence under cross-polarized light following Congo red staining of perimysial vessels. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed amyloid fibrils around perimysial vessels associated with collagen fibrils. A stepwise approach to diagnosis and staging of this disorder is critical and involves confirmation of amyloid deposition, identification of the fibril type, assessment of underlying amyloidogenic disorder, and evaluation of the extent and severity of amyloidotic organ involvement.
Long Noncoding RNA LINC01234 Functions as a Competing Endogenous RNA to Regulate CBFB Expression by Sponging miR-204-5p in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Chen Xin , Chen Zhenyao , Yu Shanxun , Nie Fengqi , Yan Shuai , Ma Pei , Chen Qinnan , Wei Chenchen , Fu Hangjiang , Xu Tianwei , Ren Shengnan , Sun Ming , Wang Zhaoxia
Published: January 2018

Purpose: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as important regulators in a variety of human diseases, including cancers. However, the overall biological roles and clinical significance of most lncRNAs in gastric carcinogenesis are not fully understood. We investigated the clinical significance, biological function, and mechanism of LINC01234 in gastric cancer.

Experimental Design: First, we analyzed LINC01234 alterations in gastric cancerous and noncancerous tissues through an analysis of sequencing data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Next, we evaluated the effect of LINC01234 on the gastric cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis, and its regulation of miR-204-5p by acting as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA). The animal model was used to support the in vitro experimental findings.

Results: We found that LINC01234 expression was significantly upregulated in gastric cancer tissues and was associated with larger tumor size, advanced TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, and shorter survival time. Furthermore, knockdown of LINC01234-induced apoptosis and growth arrest in vitro and inhibited tumorigenesis in mouse xenografts. Mechanistic investigations indicated that LINC01234 functioned as a ceRNA for miR-204-5p, thereby leading to the derepression of its endogenous target core-binding factor β (CBFB).

Conclusions: LINC01234 is significantly overexpressed in gastric cancer, and LINC01234–miR-204-5p–CBFB axis plays a critical role in gastric cancer tumorigenesis. Our findings may provide a potential new target for gastric cancer diagnosis and therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 24(8); 2002–14. ©2018 AACR.