bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Histopathological changes in lungs of patients with fatal COVID 19 infection: A series of 15 cases
Authors: Medhi Pranita , Dowerah Swagata , Barman Nabajit , Singh Mridul
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

The predominant pathology noted in the lungs of patients dying of COVID-19 is reported to be diffuse alveolar damage (DAD). Other studies have identified microthrombi to be a prominent finding of lung injury in patients affected by COVID-19. We describe the lung histopathological findings in fifteen cases of COVID-19 who died from the disease with the aim of reporting the microscopic changes in the lungs of patients dying from this disease.

Materials and Methods:

Lung tissues from fifteen consecutive autopsy cases of COVID-19 were studied for gross and microscopic features. The case history of the deaths was noted, and the information was analyzed. The lung damage seen was graded on a semiquantitative scale on the basis of the percentage of tissue involved.

Results:

Gross examination of the lungs showed multiple foci of consolidation mainly in the lower lobes of the lungs as the most commonly encountered finding. The other significant pattern was congested and edematous lungs with areas of consolidation. Microscopic assessment of lung sections showed 8 out of the 15 cases showing changes of the exudative phase of diffuse alveolar damage, whereas two cases were in the proliferative phase. Hyaline membranes were one of the common findings along with intra-alveolar edema and interstitial edema. Four cases showed changes in organizing phase. Other findings were microthrombi formation, fungal abscesses, dilated and collapsed alveoli, intra-alveolar hemorrhage, and acute neutrophilic pneumonia.

Conclusion:

DADand interstitial pneumonitis were the most striking features in our autopsy study. Features of different phases of diffuse alveolar damage were seen to coexist in the same patient indicating the temporal heterogeneity of the ongoing lung injury in these patients.
SPS(Kayexalate)/CPS(K-Bind) crystals in the gastrointestinal tract-An experience from a tertiary center
Authors: Ail Divya A. , Prakash Arjun , Damle Aditi , Karottue Swathi , Paulose Roopa R.
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Kayexalate (Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate/SPS) and K-bind (Calcium Polystyrene Sulfonate/CPS) are cation exchange resins, commonly used for treatment of hyperkalaemia. SPS/CPS induced injury of the gastrointestinal tract(GIT) is rare, can be potentially life threatening but is under-recognized. This study aims to increase awareness of pathologists and clinicians of this under-reported complication of a drug commonly used to treat hyperkalaemia.

Materials:

Study population comprised patients with SPS/CPS (Kayexalate or its analogues) crystals identified in gastrointestinal specimens from 2017-2019 at a tertiary care centre. Clinical details, relevant investigations, imaging and endoscopic findings, patient follow up details were obtained from the hospital electronic information system.

Results:

A total of 10 patients with SPS/ CPS crystals in the GIT were encountered over 2 years. Male to female ratio was 9:1, with mean age 66.5years (range 52-82 years). Eight cases were mucosal biopsies and 2 were resection specimens. Additional pathology (tumours, colonic perforation) was present in 80% of patients. The characteristic morphological appearance of the CPS/SPS crystals on H&E stains were supported by special stains -Periodic acid Schiff(PAS) and Acid fast Bacilli(AFB). In all cases, the treatment history with SPS/CPS for hyperkalaemia was obtained only after the histological examination. Most common etiology of hyperkalaemia encountered was chronic kidney disease(CKD)/ Acute on chronic kidney disease.

Conclusion:

It is important for pathologists to recognise the presence of these crystals especially in small biopsies as early feedback to clinicians can help in appropriate management and avoidance of more serious adverse outcome. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first series of 10 consecutive cases of SPS/CPS crystals encountered in gastrointestinal tract to be reported from India.
Quest to develop a standard screening method for urothelial carcinoma using liquid-based cytology (The Paris System) and CK20
Authors: Jain Kavita , Datta Chhanda , Sengupta Moumita , Pal Dilip Kumar , Chatterjee Uttara
Published: May 2024

Background:

Bladder cancer, the most common malignancy of the urinary tract is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. But cystoscopy, which is till now the mainstay of screening, is an invasive, high-cost method with low sensitivity especially for flat lesions.

Aim:

To find a non-invasive and effective screening method with liquid-based cytology (LBC) using The Paris System (TPS) and CK20 immunocytochemistry.

Materials and Methods:

It was a prospective study including the patients with clinical or cystoscopic diagnosis of urinary bladder space occupying lesions (SOL). Both conventional (CC) and liquid-based cytology slides were prepared from urine samples. Slides were evaluated by two trained pathologists and categorized according to TPS guidelines. CK20 immunocytochemistry (ICC) was also performed. Consequent formalin-fixed paraffin embedded sections were blindly examined by another pathologist and was taken as gold standard for comparison.

Statistical Analysis:

All the statistical analysis were done using MedCalc version 15.8 [Mariakerke, Belgium: MedCalc Software 2015].

Results:

The study included 150 cases with a mean age of 62.4 years. Five cases revealed unsatisfactory smears. Rest of the cases were categorized as the following: 18.1% as NH-GUC, 8% as LGUN, 22.1% as AUC, 15.4% as SH-GUC, 32.9% as HGUC. Kappa value of CC and LBC were strong (0.854). LBC alone showed very low specificity (58%) and PPV (74.8%) which improved on application of ICC (specificity: 97.4%, PPV: 96.3%).

Conclusion:

We conclude that CK20 ICC offers potential for accurate, non-invasive detection and surveillance of bladder cancer and is a better tool when combined with liquid-based cytology, reported using The Paris System.
Malleus Relocation in Ossicular Reconstruction by Using Autologous Incus
Authors: Al Dhahli Zaina Khalfan , Naik Jagdish Zoivont , Al Saidi Yousuf
Published: May 2024

Context:

Malleus relocation is a technique in ossiculoplasty invented by Robert Vincent to make malleus at the same line of stapes. This study will use this technique with modification by using autologous incus instead of prosthesis for reconstruction.

Aims:

The objective of this study was to report the method of malleus relocation with auto-incus in ossiculoplasty in cases with chronic suppurative otitis media.

Settings and Design:

A retrospective study was done at Al-Nahdha Hospital tertiary referral center.

Subjects and Methods:

This is a study of 12 patients (out of 150 patients who underwent ossiculoplasty surgery done in the department) from 2012 to 2019 for chronic otitis media. This means that all patients had malleus relocation technique with use incus for reconstruction except one patient where malleus relocation done with use of prosthesis instead of incus which was absent. Audiometric assessment included pre- and postoperative audiometric evaluation using conventional audiometry. Air-bone gap, bone-conduction thresholds, and air-conduction thresholds were measured.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Data were collected and analyzed in SPSS version 21. Confidence interval, mean, and median are used to calculate the pre- and postoperative ABG.

Results:

Eleven patients underwent malleus relocation with incus interposition. The mean postoperative air-bone gap is 11, and 66.6% of cases had ABG less than or equal to 20 dB. The mean AC postoperative is 21, and 66.7% of cases show improvement of more than 20 dB.

Conclusions:

Malleus relocation with auto-incus ossiculoplasty showed in this study is safe and gives a good hearing outcome.
“Itch” Gratification-Insect Polyembolokoilamania of the Ear
Authors: Keshavamurthy Venkatesha Belur , Ramya K. , Manjunath Spoorthi
Published: May 2024

Foreign body in the ear is one of the most common conditions encountered at the otorhinolaryngology outpatient clinic. Insects, especially live insects present as painful foreign bodies of the external ear. Insects that are most frequently recovered from the ear canal include ticks, bees, beetles, and cockroaches. We present the case report of a 17-year-old girl with recurrent right ear foreign body (live insect) five times in a span of 6 months. This recurrent presentation of the patient on the same side (right) led us to suspect behavioral abnormality. She was diagnosed to have mild intellectual developmental disorder with obsessive compulsive disorder and was treated accordingly. Behavioral problems must be ruled out in recurrent cases of unilateral foreign body ear.
Middle Ear Actinomycosis
Authors: Al Dhahli Zaina Khalfan , Naik Jagdish Zoivont , Al Saidi Yousuf
Published: May 2024

Actinomycosis subacute to chronic infection caused by actinomyces. Actinomyces is filamentous, Gram-positive, anaerobic, nonacid-fast microaerophilic bacteria. Although it is considered as normal flora it is rarely colonize middle ear. The aim is to report the case of middle ear actinomycosis. We present 35-year-old female complain of recurrent left ear discharge. The whole tympanic membrane was bulging (due to granulation tissue behind it) with tiny hole that are discharging. Underwent tympano-mastoidectomy surgery with surgery finding of whitish material and granulation tissue in the middle ear. Histopathology of that material reported as the colony of actinomyces. Middle ear actinomycosis although is rare infection but should be done as one of differential diagnoses for recurrent otorrhea. Both surgical treatment and antibiotics are recommended as treatment for middle ear actinomycosis.
Assessment of hearing loss in temporal bone fractures
Authors: Abhishek M. , Kaleeswaran Revathishree , Srinivasan K.
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Thirty percent to seventy percent of skull fractures in adult head trauma patients is due to temporal bone fractures and is caused due to road traffic accidents (RTAs). Temporal bone fractures are more commonly associated with hearing loss.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to assess the type and the amount of hearing loss in temporal bone fractures.

Methodology:

A 3-month retrospective study was conducted at the department of ear, nose, and throat in a tertiary care center. Fifty patients, diagnosed as cases of temporal bone fractures with hearing loss were included in the study. The patients with temporal bone fractures were categorized into two groups-otic-capsule sparing (OCS) and otic-capsule violating (OCV) fractures, and hearing loss was evaluated with Pure tone audiogram (PTA).

Results:

OCS fractures were more common (64%) than OCV. Conductive type of hearing loss was commonly associated with OCS, whereas sensorineural hearing loss was more common in OCV fractures. The average degree of hearing loss ranged from 20 to 68 db. The correlation was statistically significant for temporal bone fractures (OCS and OCV) with respect to hearing loss (P < 0.00001). Other complications such as external auditory canal filled with blood, perforation of tympanic membrane, and hemotympanum were also observed in our study.

Conclusion:

Temporal bone fractures are most commonly due to RTAs and are frequently associated with severe brain injury. Classifying temporal bone fractures as OCS and OCV fractures correlates well with the severity of hearing loss, and conductive hearing loss was the most common type hearing loss.
A Giant Postauricular Lymphangioma
Authors: Swain Santosh Kumar
Published: May 2024

Lymphangioma is a rare benign tumor in the head-and-neck region. These lesions are usually congenital malformation of the lymphatic system. Development of lymphangioma in the postauricular area of the head-and-neck region is extremely rare. Although lymphangioma can be found throughout the body, it has a greater frequency in the cervicofacial area. Histological examination of the excisional biopsy confirms the diagnosis of lymphangioma. Surgery is still considered as the treatment of choice. There are few other treatment options like sclerosing agents such as bleomycin, sodium morrhuate, doxycycline, tetracycline, and OK-432. Here, we are presenting a case of giant lymphangioma in the postauricular area and treated with complete surgical excision.
Association between Hearing Loss and Dementia in Elderly
Authors: Sinha Devika , Aroor Rajeshwary , Bhat Vadisha Srinivas , Saldanha Marina , Kamath P Srinath D , Kotian Shashank
Published: May 2024

Background:

Long standing hearing-loss often leads to the setting in of dementia as hearing-loss. In this study, elderly population were screened for hearing-loss and dementia using Hindi-Mental State Examination.

Aims:

To know the association between the dementia and Hearing loss Method 206 participants in the age group of 60-80 years (110 were females and 96 were males) were subjected to audiological evaluation and dementia screening using HMSE dementia scoring scale and it was compared with hearing level.

Results:

Out of 206 subjects, 110 were females and 96 were males. Right ear hearing-loss was seen in 147 cases and left ear in 130 cases. 48 individuals had no hearing-loss, 39 participants had unilateral hearing-loss and 119 participants had bilateral hearing-loss. Most common type of hearing-loss observed was mild hearing-loss 124 participants had no dementia, 82 had dementia. 60 had mild cognitive impairment and 22 had severe cognitive impairment. 49 out of 82 participants with dementia had bilateral hearing-loss. As the hearing handicap percentage increases from 1-100, dementia score decreases. But it was not statistically significant. More number of men were affected with hearing-loss but more number of female participants had dementia.

Conclusion:

Hearing-loss is more common in men in elderly population but dementia is more commonly seen in females.
Palatal Tic Disorder Causing Objective Clicking Tinnitus in an 8 Years Old
Authors: Kumar N. Manoj , Sanji Rajiv Ranganath , Krishnaswamy Srirangaprasad
Published: May 2024

Palatal tremors including myoclonus are well-known causes of objective tinnitus. Essential palatal tremors and tic disorders are recognized but rarer causes of objective pulsatile tinnitus. An 8-year-old boy presented with a chief complaint of clicking sounds in both the ears for 1 month, intermittent, occurs frequently in episodes, wherein intraoral examination revealed bilateral rhythmic, low frequency, symmetrical contractions of the soft palate muscles accompanied by clicking sounds audible to physician as well (objective tinnitus). The child's mother stated that the clicking sounds were not present when he was asleep. When the child was distracted by tuning fork sound, the palatal movements stopped. CNS examination, developmental history, birth, and growth history were all normal. Magnetic resonance imaging study with contrast enhancement was normal. The child was started on clonazepam and clonidine and follow-up was done after 1st and 2nd months. The tinnitus reduced but did not resolve completely. Clinical features of a patient with palatal tremor should be carefully assessed with prior knowledge of possible etiopathologies to guide the investigations and management. We highlight a case of palatal tic disorder to bring the possibilities quickly to the reader's mind.
Determination and comparison of antimicrobial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius on periodontal pathogens: An in vitro study
Authors: Nayak Aarati , Sowmya B. R. , Gandla Harish , Kottrashetti Vijaylakshmi , Ingalagi Preeti , Srinivas V. Sai Chandini
Published: May 2024

Background:

People globally are turning to herbal products to reconnect with nature. Cost efficacy and minimal side effects are the reasons for this changeover. This study assessed the effect of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius as an antimicrobial agent against Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Fusobacterium nucleatum.

Aim:

To determine and compare the antimicrobial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of A. paeoniifolius on periodontal pathogens.

Materials and Methods:

Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of A. paeoniifolius were tested against the standard strains of the selected bacteria. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were used. These tests assessed the lowest concentrations of test agent, either by showing a lack of turbidity or by no or few bacterial growth colonies, respectively. In this study, tetracycline hydrochloride was used as the control group.

Results:

Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of A. paeoniifolius showed antibacterial activity at various concentrations against the selected organisms. While assessing the MBC, the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of A. paeoniifolius and tetracycline hydrochloride exhibited bactericidal activity against F. nucleatum at all concentrations. The ethanolic extract of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius and tetracycline hydrochloride showed bactericidal action, whereas the aqueous extract exhibited bacteriostatic action against P. gingivalis. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of A. paeoniifolius showed bacteriostatic action, whereas tetracycline hydrochloride showed bactericidal action against P. intermedia.

Conclusion:

Both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of A. paeoniifolius showed antibacterial activity against standard strains of P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, and F. nucleatum. The ethanolic extract showed a significant antibacterial effect against the selected microorganisms when compared to the aqueous extract of A. paeoniifolius.
Efficacy of simultaneous placement of dental implants in osteotome-mediated sinus floor elevation with and without bone augmentation: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rahate Priyanka Sunil , Kolte Rajashri Abhay , Kolte Abhay Pandurang , Bodhare Girish Haripal , Lathiya Vrushali Nilesh
Published: May 2024

Background:

The aim of the present systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of simultaneous placement of implant in osteotome-mediated sinus floor elevation (OMSFE) procedure with and without bone augmentation.

Materials and Methods:

An exploration of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) was systematically done in three databases comprising PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar complemented by a thorough manual search of periodontology/implantology-related journals. A final inclusion of 6 RCTs (2010–2020) was done to investigate the efficiency of simultaneous implant placement with OMSFE in conjunction with bone augmentation. A meta-analysis was further conducted with comparable studies which assisted in attaining a final conclusion regarding the survival rate, endosinus bone gain (ESBG), and marginal bone loss (MBL).

Results:

Data synthesis was performed on the basis of 6 trials and further meta-analysis was performed to statistically validate the clinical and radiographic outcomes. Meta-analysis on the parameters indicated greater ESBG (mean difference [MD]: 0.82; [95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.72–0.91, P ≤ 0.0001]), which was also associated with minimal MBL (MD: −1.11; [95% CI: −1.53–0.68, P ≤ 0.0001)] in the bone augmentation group. However, the parameter of implant survival rate (risk ratio: 1.04; [95% CI: 0.83–1.31, P = 0.6849)] failed to reveal significant difference between the two groups.

Conclusions:

In the restoration of masticatory apparatus, simultaneous placement of implant in OMSFE with bone augmentation can be considered as successful and predictable treatment approach in deficient posterior maxillary ridges. It contributes toward bone neoformation resulting in greater ESBG as well as a substantial decrease in MBL.
A comparative study of demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft alone and with 1% metformin in the treatment of intrabony defects in patients with chronic periodontitis: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Mitra Dipika K. , Donde Rutuja Jeevandas , Desai Ankit B. , Ghangrekar Kashmira Prakash , Potdar Priyanka Nandakumar , Shetty Gaurav Prabhakar
Published: May 2024

Background:

Periodontal disease is ubiquitous and its treatment requires a detailed treatment plan. Biomaterials are often used along with demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) for periodontal regeneration. One percent metformin has evolved as a regeneration material. This study was initiated to assess and compare the regenerative potential of DFDBA alone and with 1% metformin in the treatment of intrabony defects in subjects with chronic periodontitis.

Materials and Methods:

20 sites with intrabony defects were diagnosed of which 10 were assigned to Group A (1% Metformin + DFDBA) and 10 to Group B (DFDBA alone). Clinical parameters were measured at baseline, 3, 6, and 9 months postoperatively, whereas radiographic parameters were measured at baseline and 9 months postoperatively, and data were statistically analyzed.

Results:

Both the groups showed a statistically significant improvement in probing pocket depth and relative attachment level at 9 months. Radiographically, a statistically significant reduction in defect depth was seen in both the groups at 9 months. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups as far as crestal bone loss is concerned. No statistically significant difference was seen for clinical and radiographic parameters between the test and control groups.

Conclusions:

The addition of 1% metformin to DFDBA did not have any additional benefits in the treatment of subjects with defects which are intrabony.
Patient-centered outcome measures comparing the autogenous and allogenic bone blocks in the augmentation of deficient alveolar ridges: A pilot study
Authors: Bawankar Pranjali Vijaykumar , Kolte Abhay Pandurang , Kolte Rajashri Abhay
Published: May 2024

Background:

The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the patient-reported experience and outcome measures (PREMS and PROMS) and three-dimensional augmentation efficacy of the autogenous and allogenic bone block grafts in deficient alveolar ridges through cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials and Methods:

Twenty patients were equally divided into Groups I and II treated with autogenous and allogenic bone block grafts for ridge augmentation, respectively. The radiographic parameters including the apico-coronal defect height (DH) as well as buccolingual defect depth (DD) and mesiodistal defect width (DW) at apical, middle, and cervical zone were measured using CBCT at baseline, 6 months and 1 year. The PREMS and PROMS were evaluated using Visual analogue scale (VAS) scale and questionnaire method.

Results:

The mean DH, apical DD and DW, middle and cervical zone DW were significantly different between two study groups (P < 0.05). The mean apical 11.6 ± 1.91 and middle zone 9.43 ± 0.89 DD were significantly higher (in Group I as compared to Group II, with P values 0.016 and 0.004, respectively). The mean bone gains in apico-coronal DH and mesio-distal DW dimension in the apical and middle zone was significantly higher in Group I (P < 0.0001). The comparison of PROM revealed better patient satisfaction in Group II as depicted by significantly higher VAS score (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion:

Superior bone gain and reduced graft resorption was observed in Group I when compared to Group II. On the contrary, better PROMs and PREMs were obtained with the allogenic bone block augmentation.
Congenital Bilateral Ectopic Parotid Glands: Case Report with Literature Review
Authors: Chawla Siddhi , Bothra Mohnish
Published: May 2024

Congenital ectopic bilateral parotid glands are extremely rare, to date only two cases have been reported in the literature. Our patient, a 5-day-old male, presented with bilateral palpable cheek swelling. On imaging, the absence of bilateral parotid glands in parotid space and their ectopic location, anterior to the masseter muscle, was seen. Our case emphasizes ectopic parotids as an important differential among conditions presenting with bilateral cheek swelling in children. We have also compared the findings of previously described cases and their management with our case.
Ethibond Suture with Underlying Infection – A Knotty Complication
Authors: Dharmshaktu Ganesh Singh , Agarwal Naveen , Dharmshaktu Ishwar Singh
Published: May 2024

The surgical site infection is a therapeutic challenge and requires additional interventions, prolonged treatment, and increased health-care expenditure. Superficial infections are easier to treat with debridement, regular dressing, and an appropriate antibiotic regimen. Retained and buried sutures are an occasional source of infection and are reported in the literature. Braided nonabsorbable sutures like Ethibond may be the uncommon reason for adjacent area infection that may present later as nonhealing draining sinuses. We report one such encounter in which an adult patient with chronic nonhealing sinuses over the proximal tibia region underwent debridement to unearth embedded sutures used in previous surgery, the removal of which led to gradual recovery and healing of wounds.
Association of Mean Platelet Volume and Red Cell Distribution Width in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Malve Vaibhav , Patil Bharat Umakant , Yelwatkar Samir , Rakhecha Darshan , Gore Raju , Pethe Mohan
Published: May 2024

Background:

There is no surrogate biological marker for detecting stroke. Because of this, mean platelet volume (MPV) and RDW may be used to predict the occurrence of stroke.

Aim:

This study aims to see if there is a link between platelet volume and acute ischemic stroke, as well as between red cell distribution width and acute ischemic stroke.

Setting and Design:

This was a cross-sectional study from February 2021 to January 2023.

Materials and Methods:

The present cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the role of mean platelet volume and red cell distribution width in acute ischemic stroke.

Statistical Analysis:

For the analysis, SPSS version 20 was utilized.

Results:

A total of 300 patients were included in this study. The small vessel infarct (9.05 ± 1.24 fL) had less MPV than the large vessel infarct (9.10 ± 1.10 fL), but there was no statistically significant difference between the two (P = 0.74). The average red blood cell width was lower in minor stroke infarcts (15.06% ±2.01%) than in large stroke infarcts (15.5% ±7.26%), but no statistically significant difference was found in the study. Fifty-three (17.67%) patients had a deadly outcome, and 247 (82.33%) had been cured when a final diagnosis was made.

Conclusions:

Stroke is the world’s leading cause of mortality, caused by cerebral vascular blockage or hemorrhage. However, there is no biological substitute marker for stroke diagnosis. RDW and MPV are potential biomarkers for this function and can forecast the incidence of stroke.
Morphological Cross-Sectional Study of Anatomical Landmarks for Foramen Transversarium in Dry Human Cervical Vertebrae and its Surgical Importance
Authors: Thakur Kishore Chandra , Jethani Sunder Lal
Published: May 2024

Background:

Surgeries such as discectomy, intervertebral fusion, anterior microforaminotomy, and anterior screw fixation can damage neurovascular content of foramen transversarium of cervical vertebrae. The aim of this study was to measure outer limit and strength of foramen transversarium with help of uncinate process, anterior tubercle, and anterior root thickness.

Methodology:

A total of 54 dried human cervical vertebrae collected from anatomy department. Only third to seventh cervical vertebrae were included. Digital vernier caliper was used to measure transverse length (TL) of body, bilateral distance of uncinate process, and anterior tubercle from mid of cervical vertebral body and thickness of mid of anterior root.

Results:

Mean TL of body of cervical vertebrae was 23.87 mm, mean distance of uncinate process from vertebral body was 9.14 mm on right and 8.49 mm on left (P < 0.0001), mean distance of anterior tubercle from vertebral body was 20.81 mm on right and 20.36 mm on left (P < 0.014), mean thickness of anterior root was 1.48 mm on right and 1.36 mm on left (P < 0.1003) whereas mean distance between uncinate process was 18.4 mm.

Conclusion:

Mean TL of cervical vertebrae was 23.8 mm, distance of uncinate process was 8.81 mm from the center, distance of anterior tubercle to uncinate process was 20.72 mm and thickness of anterior root was 1.43 mm. Uncinate process and anterior tubercle distance from mid of cervical vertebrae body can help surgeons to identify zone and avoid injury to contents.
Anatomical Variations of Anterior Cerebral Artery and Its Cortical Branches through 1.5 Tesla Magnetic Resonance Angiography
Authors: Sharma Deepika , Nautiyal Anisha , Saxena Swati , Saran Anjali , Agarwal Jolly , Kumar Piyush , Maurya Rajesh Kumar , Maheshwari Sonam , Pant Mahendra Kumar
Published: May 2024

Background:

Cortical branches of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) supply the medial surface and superior border of the cerebral hemisphere. Names of distinct cortical branches are according to the regions of the brain supplied by that particular branch. There can be variations in the number, origin, and distribution of these branches. There can also be variations of the ACA like azygous, bi hemispheric, median, aplasia, and fenestration of the ACA. This study aimed to evaluate the anatomical variation of the ACA and its cortical branches taking into consideration their number and site of origin.

Methodology:

Retrospective cross-sectional analysis of magnetic resonance angigraphs of 80 subjects (42 males and 38 females) without cerebrovascular diseases who was undertaken in the department of radiodiagnosis from July 2021 to August 2022.

Results:

The cortical branches were seen either being completely absent or present singly or in duplication. The callosomarginal artery (CmA) branch was found to be most commonly absent (51.25% on the right side), paracentral lobule artery most commonly duplicated (10% of cases on the right). CmA gave origin to the maximum number of cortical branches as compared to other cortical branches. The abnormal origin of anterior cortical branches was found to be more than posterior cortical branches. A few rare cases of variations (1.25% cases each) like azygous, bihemispheric, aplastic, and median ACA.

Conclusion:

In the present study different variations were observed in the cortical branches of ACA. These variations may also result in higher incidence of ischemic stroke in territory of ACA, involving the superior medial part of the parietal lobe and midline of the frontal lobe. Therefore, this study can be of clinical importance to neurosurgeons during cerebral surgeries.
Comet Parameters and Plasma 8-Iso-Prostaglandins F2α
Authors: Panwar Rajeev , Sivakumar M.
Published: May 2024

Background:

Major depression can be characterized by isolated episodes of disturbance in psychosomatic functions for a duration of at least two weeks along with intermediate non-symptomatic periods. The factors playing important role in the etiology of major depression were family history, genetic factors, decreased levels of serotonin and norepinephrine; increased levels of interleukins or any other medical illness having an increased cytokine production. The pathogenesis of major depression involves oxidative stress, which consists of synthesis of free radicals causing damage to nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins present in the cells. Oxidative stress – induced DNA damage consists of numerous types of lesions which can be assessed by the comet assay method. Prostaglandin F2-alpha is produced because of oxidative stress-induced peroxidation of cell membrane lipids and has elevated plasma levels in patients with major depression. Fluoxetine is the drug of choice for major depression and found to have antioxidant properties. The present study was done to assess the correlation between plasma 8-iso-PGF2α levels and the comet parameters, namely comet length (CL), head diameter (HD), % of DNA in head (%DNA Head), tail length (TL) and % of DNA in tail (%DNA Tail), before starting and after finishing the eight-week fluoxetine therapy.

Methodology:

The prospective clinical study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy in collaboration at, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry. The study group consisted of drug naïve, newly diagnosed major depression patients belonging to age-group of ≥ 18 to 50 years and followed up after eight weeks of fluoxetine therapy.

Results:

The correlation was found to be positive between the levels of 8-iso-PGF2α in the plasma and all the comet parameters except %DNA Tail, which showed a negative (inverse) relationship with the levels of 8-iso-PGF2α in the plasma.

Conclusion:

The current study suggested the role of oxidative stress in causing DNA damage and lipid peroxidation in major depression patients and the antioxidant role of fluoxetine in causing decrease in the levels of parameters of oxidative stress and subsequent DNA repair.
Obturator Vein and its Anatomical Variations in Cadavers: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Sakthivel Sulochana , Devi K. V. Sarala , Verma Suman
Published: May 2024

Background:

The obturator vein (OV) is formed in the proximal adductor region and traverses through the obturator foramen to terminate in the internal iliac vein (IIV). It is occasionally replaced by an enlarged pubic vein that terminates into the external iliac vein (EIV) forming a venous corona mortis. These variant OVs are liable to injury during surgical interventions near the pubic bone. The present study aimed to report the prevalence of variant as well as duplicated OVs in Indian cadavers.

Methodology:

The present descriptive study included 25 adult human cadavers and 11 hemi-pelves. The specimens with variant OVs were identified and followed to their termination into the internal or external iliac system. The external diameter of variant OVs and their distance from the symphysis pubis were recorded.

Results:

Variant OVs were observed in 34.42%. Most of the variant veins crossed over the pubic ramus. In 21.31%, duplicated OVs were observed, which drained separately into the internal iliac as well as the EIV, or the IIV as a common trunk. The average diameter of the variant OVs on the superior pubic ramus was 4.12 ± 1.2 mm. The average distance between the pubic symphysis and the variant OVs on the superior pubic ramus was 45.28 ± 7.65 mm.

Conclusion:

The present study appreciates the variant anatomy of the OV and its relation to the superior pubic ramus. Understanding these variations will help avoid the risk of injury and hemorrhage in pelvis surgeries as well as endoscopic procedures.
Branching Pattern of Terminal Branches of the Facial Nerve
Authors: Sapna A. K.
Published: May 2024

Background:

For a successful facial surgery, it is vital to have a good knowledge of the distribution of the facial nerve in the face. The aim of this study was to highlight the pattern in the branching of the end part of the facial nerve in adults and fetuses and to look for any anastomoses between them. The branching pattern in the two groups is compared for any significant association.

Methodology:

Cross sectional study done in cadavers and stillborn fetuses. Subjects and Methods: Done in 100 facial halves. Statistical Analysis Used: Chi square test is used to look for any significant association between the branching pattern and gender & side of the face.

Results:

The branching pattern was classified into six types as per Davis et al. classification in the two study groups – adults and fetuses. The frequencies of occurrence in the first group were Type I – 1%, Type II – 7%, Type III – 18%, Type IV – 17%, Type V – 4%, and Type VI – 3% and in the second group were Type I – 1%, Type II – 8%, Type III – 20%, Type IV – 15%, Type V – 5%, and Type VI – 1%. No significant association was found in the branching pattern with respect to gender and side of the face in the two groups of study.

Conclusions:

There are multiple anastomotic communications among the end branches of the facial nerve. More the anatomical knowledge of these communications, lesser will be any unwanted facial nerve injury.
Proning
Authors: Pushpa NB , Viveka S , Ravi KS , Vallabhaneni Vishwambar
Published: May 2024

Proning is the process of turning the patient from their supine (lying on their back) position to lying on their abdomen. It is a medically accepted position for improving oxygenation while breathing. Respiration in supine position, compresses the posterior surface of the lung preventing normal distension of the alveoli. This results in suboptimal oxygenation of the blood circulating in the lobes of the lung, particularly lower lobes. Lowered V/Q ratio from these regions of the lung contributes to the venous admixture. In the prone position, the heart with its pericardial chamber, occupies anterior dependent portion of the mediastinum, resulting in better expansion of the alveoli. This leads to improved V/Q ratio from these regions and lowers the physiological shunt effect on the oxygen saturation.
Morphometric Study of Nasal Parameters in Undergraduates at a Medical University in Central Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Jasuja Vishal Ramesh , Yadav Nisha , Srivastava Nityanand , Srivastava Monika , Jain Anuj
Published: May 2024

Background:

Nasal morphometry is a technique which includes the study of a part, size, and shape of the human nose. The nasal index (NI), nostril shape, and philtrum shape are the parameters commonly studied. These may show variations according to regional, ethnic, and climatic differences. Hence, a study was done to calculate the NI among a subgroup and classify the nose type based on it. Also to assess the gender variations and to observe the nostril and philtrum shapes.

Methodology:

This was a cross-sectional study consisted of 210 undergraduate students at a medical university. The nasal height and nasal breadth were measured in centimeters with a Digital Vernier Caliper. Subsequently, the NI was calculated. Based on these nasal indices, the nose was classified into the following: leptorrhine: <70, mesorrhine: 70–84.9, and platyrrhine: >84.9. The nostril shapes (rectangular/triangular/teardrop/round) and philtrum shapes (triangular/parallel/flat/concave) were also observed.

Results:

The mean NI was 76.06 ± 8.614 with a range from 54.7 to 110. Mesorrhine variety was the most common type. The predominant shape of the nostrils found was rectangular, whereas the most common shape of the philtrum found was triangular.

Conclusions:

Nasal anthropometric measurements are a simple, reliable, and cost-effective method to study the facial characteristics among a population. These measurements provide guidelines that may play a crucial role in forensics and facial reconstructive procedures.
Morphometry of Rolandic Fissure and Bridge of Wagner
Authors: Shinde Amol Ashok , Patel Dinesh K.
Published: May 2024

Background:

Robert Wagner found a rare communication between precentral and postcentral sulcus in the right hemisphere of the brain of mathematician C.H. Fuch. He also documented right postcentral gyrus showing a bridge connecting it to posterior gyrus. Both these bridges are considered as bridge of Wagner. The aim of this study is to find the incidence and asymmetry of Wagner’s bridge and to also determine morphometry of Rolandic fissure.

Methodology:

This is a descriptive study of 50 hemispheres from 25 formalin embalmed cadavers used for regular undergraduate classes to determine morphometry of Rolandic fissure and bridge of Wagner.

Results:

The length of Rolandic fissure was found more on the left side (10.49 cm). The depth of Rolandic fissure was found more in male hemispheres (1.52 cm). Interrupted precentral and postcentral sulcus was seen and a bridge of Wagner connecting the gyrus with adjacent gyrus was noted.

Conclusion:

Asymmetry was seen in the morphometry of the Central sulcus. A bridge of Wagner from pre and postcentral gyrus to adjacent gyrus anteriorly and posteriorly was seen. Knowledge of morphometry and bridge of Wagner will guide neurosurgeons during operative procedures.
Family opinions on resuscitation and participation in end-of-life care in the emergency department
Authors: Akman Ugur , Koyuncu Aynur
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVE:

The study looked into emergency department family members’ (FMs) views on being present during resuscitation and contributing to end-of-life care.

METHODS:

A cross-sectional study with 467 FM volunteers of mildly injured or ill patients was conducted at a research hospital between October 2021 and May 2022. Data were collected using a questionnaire administered by a clinical psychologist. The analysis employed SPSS 22.0 with a significance threshold of P < 0.05. The study was conducted according to the STROBE criteria. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.

RESULTS:

The mean FMs’ age was 34.3 ± 10.43; 64.2% were male, 62.1% were married, and 76.9% had nuclear families. About 61% wanted the option of being present during resuscitation, with 47.5% desiring participation in both resuscitation and end-of-life care. Significant differences were observed in opinions based on education, work status, and resuscitation training (P = 0.015, P = 0.001, P = 0.002).

CONCLUSION:

Many FMs sought the choice to be present during resuscitation, and nearly half preferred participation in both resuscitation and end-of-life care.
Unraveling the clinical significance and prognostic value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, systemic immune-inflammation index, systemic inflammation response index, and delta neutrophil index
Authors: Islam Mehmet Muzaffer , Satici Merve Osoydan , Eroglu Serkan Emre
Published: May 2024

In the field of critical care medicine, substantial research efforts have focused on identifying high-risk patient groups. This research has led to the development of diverse diagnostic tools, ranging from basic biomarkers to complex indexes and predictive algorithms that integrate multiple methods. Given the ever-evolving landscape of medicine, driven by rapid advancements, changing treatment strategies, and emerging diseases, the development and validation of diagnostic tools remains an ongoing and dynamic process. Specific changes in complete blood count components, such as neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and platelets, are key immune system responses influenced by various factors and crucial in systemic inflammation, injury, and stress. It has been reported that indices such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), and delta neutrophil index calculated using various ratios of these elements, are important predictors of various outcomes in conditions where the inflammatory process is at the forefront. In this narrative review, we concluded that NLR, PLR, SII, and SIRI show promise in predicting outcomes for different health conditions related to inflammation. While these tests are accessible, reliable, and cost-effective, their standalone predictive performance for a specific condition is limited.
Enhancing Marine Comprehensive Carrying Capacity and Energy Assessment and Prediction Using an Improved Ant Colony Algorithm and System Dynamics Model
Authors: Luo Hao , Zhang Demin , Jiao Liping
Published: May 2024

The primary aim of this paper is to introduce a novel approach to simulating and predicting Marine Comprehensive Carrying Capacity (MCCC), which seeks to enhance the efficacy and accuracy of MCCC assessment and prediction. MCCC is crucial for effective marine resource management and sustainable energy exploitation, as it determines the maximum activities that the marine environment can support without significant degradation. Given the considerable complexity associated with the marine environment and the need for more reliable predictive technologies, this paper proposes an integrated model that combines the capabilities of the proven optimization algorithm, Enhanced Ant Colony, and System Dynamics Modelling. This approach allows for detailed simulation of the variables associated with MCCC, improving prediction precision.The study details the methodology for developing an adapted Ant Colony algorithm and the foundation of a system dynamics model. These models are interconnected within a single framework, tested across multiple scenarios to validate their robustness and sustainability. The results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed approach over conventional models in terms of prediction accuracy and precision, confirmed through both in-sample and out-of-sample validation procedures.This paper is a significant contribution to the fields of sustainability and energy management within marine environments. It provides a new tool for policymakers and environmental managers to enhance their decision-making processes with a greater depth of knowledge, ensuring the sustainable utilization of marine resources and energy potential.
The phenomenon of revivals on complex potential Schrödinger’s equation
Authors: Boulton Lyonell , Farmakis George , Pelloni Beatrice
Published: May 2024

The mysterious phenomenon of revivals in linear dispersive periodic equations was discovered first experimentally in optics in the 19th century, then rediscovered several times by theoretical and experimental investigations. While the term has been used systematically and consistently by many authors, there is no consensus on a rigorous definition. In this paper, we describe revivals modulo a regularity condition in a large class of Schrödinger’s equations with complex bounded potentials. As we show, at rational times, the solution is given explicitly by finite linear combinations of translations and dilations of the initial datum, plus an additional continuous term.
Класс полевых уравнений для нейтрино с ненулевой массой
Authors: Marchuk Nikolay Gur'evich
Published: May 2024

Вводится новое уравнение (класс уравнений), которое рассматривается в качестве кандидата на уравнение для нейтрино с ненулевой массой.
Косимметрии систем кирального типа
Authors: Balandin Aleksandr Vladimirovich
Published: May 2024

Изучаются системы кирального типа, которые допускают представление Лакса со значениями в вещественной или комплексной полупростой алгебре Ли, удовлетворяющее дополнительному условию регулярности (одна из матриц является регулярным элементом алгебры Ли). Доказано, что для системы, связность которой имеет ненулевую кривизну и нулевое кручение, необходимым условием регулярного представления Лакса является существование по крайней мере одной точечной косимметрии.