bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nature of the Diffuse Source and Its Central Point-like Source in SNR 0509–67.5
Authors: Litke Katrina C. , Chu You-Hua , Holmes Abigail , Santucci Robert , Blindauer Terrence , Gruendl Robert A. , Li Chuan-Jui , Pan Kuo-Chuan , Ricker Paul M. , Weisz Daniel R.
Published: March 2017

We examine a diffuse emission region near the center of SNR 0509−67.5 to determine its nature. Within this diffuse region we observe a point-like source that is bright in the near-IR, but is not visible in the B and V bands. We consider an emission line observed at 6766 Å and the possibilities that it is Lyα, Hα, and [O ii] λ3727. We examine the spectral energy distribution (SED) of the source, comprised of Hubble Space Telescope B, V, I, J, and H bands in addition to Spitzer/IRAC 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, and 8 μm bands. The peak of the SED is consistent with a background galaxy at z ≈ 0.8 ± 0.2 and a possible Balmer jump places the galaxy at z ≈ 0.9 ± 0.3. These SED considerations support the emission line’s identification as [O ii] λ3727. We conclude that the diffuse source in SNR 0509−67.5 is a background galaxy at z ≈ 0.82. Furthermore, we identify the point-like source superposed near the center of the galaxy as its central bulge. Finally, we find no evidence for a surviving companion star, indicating a double-degenerate origin for SNR 0509−67.5.
A Ringed Dwarf LINER 1 Galaxy Hosting an Intermediate-mass Black Hole with Large-scale Rotation-like
Emission
Authors: Liu Wen-Juan , Qian Lei , Dong Xiao-Bo , Jiang Ning , Lira Paulina , Cai Zheng , Wang Feige , Yang Jinyi , Xiao Ting , Kim Minjin
Published: March 2017

We report the discovery of a 20 kpc sized

emission in SDSS J083803.68+540642.0, a ringed dwarf galaxy (

mag) hosting an accreting intermediate-mass black hole at z = 0.02957. Analysis of the Hubble Space Telescope images indicates that it is an early-type galaxy with a featureless low-surface brightness disk (

mag arcsec−2 in the V band) and a prominent, relatively red bulge (V − I = 2.03,

or 0.″48) that accounts for ≈81% of the total light in the I band. A circumgalactic ring of a diameter 16 kpc is also detected, with a disperse shape on its south side. The optical emission lines reveal the nucleus to be a broad-line LINER. Our MMT longslit observation indicates that the kinematics of the extended

emission is consistent with a rotational gaseous disk, with a mean blueshifted velocity of 162

and mean redshifted velocity of 86

. According to our photoionization calculations, the large-scale

emission is unlikely to be powered by the central nucleus or by hot evolved (post-AGB) stars interspersed in the old stellar populations, but by in situ star formation; this is vindicated by the line-ratio diagnostic of the extended emission. We propose that both the ring and large-scale

-emitting gas are created by the tidal accretion in a collision—and then merger—with a gas-rich galaxy of a comparable mass.
Self-consistent Modeling of Reionization in Cosmological Hydrodynamical Simulations
Authors: Oñorbe Jose , Hennawi Joseph F. , Lukić Zarija
Published: March 2017

The ultraviolet background (UVB) emitted by quasars and galaxies governs the ionization and thermal state of the intergalactic medium (IGM), regulates the formation of high-redshift galaxies, and is thus a key quantity for modeling cosmic reionization. The vast majority of cosmological hydrodynamical simulations implement the UVB via a set of spatially uniform photoionization and photoheating rates derived from UVB synthesis models. We show that simulations using canonical UVB rates reionize and, perhaps more importantly, spuriously heat the IGM, much earlier (

) than they should. This problem arises because at

, where observational constraints are nonexistent, the UVB amplitude is far too high. We introduce a new methodology to remedy this issue, and we generate self-consistent photoionization and photoheating rates to model any chosen reionization history. Following this approach, we run a suite of hydrodynamical simulations of different reionization scenarios and explore the impact of the timing of reionization and its concomitant heat injection on the thermal state of the IGM. We present a comprehensive study of the pressure smoothing scale of IGM gas, illustrating its dependence on the details of both hydrogen and helium reionization, and argue that it plays a fundamental role in interpreting Lyα forest statistics and the thermal evolution of the IGM. The premature IGM heating we have uncovered implies that previous work has likely dramatically overestimated the impact of photoionization feedback on galaxy formation, which sets the minimum halo mass able to form stars at high redshifts. We make our new UVB photoionization and photoheating rates publicly available for use in future simulations.
Three-dimensional Explosion Geometry of Stripped-envelope Core-collapse Supernovae. II. Modeling of Polarization
Authors: Tanaka Masaomi , Maeda Keiichi , Mazzali Paolo A. , Kawabata Koji S. , Nomoto Ken’ichi
Published: March 2017

We present modeling of line polarization to study the multidimensional geometry of stripped-envelope core-collapse supernovae (SNe). We demonstrate that a purely axisymmetric, two-dimensional (2D) geometry cannot reproduce a loop in the Stokes Q − U diagram, that is, a variation of the polarization angles along the velocities associated with the absorption lines. On the contrary, three-dimensional (3D) clumpy structures naturally reproduce the loop. The fact that the loop is commonly observed in stripped-envelope SNe suggests that SN ejecta generally have a 3D structure. We study the degree of line polarization as a function of the absorption depth for various 3D clumpy models with different clump sizes and covering factors. A comparison between the calculated and observed degree of line polarization indicates that a typical size of the clump is relatively large, ≳25% of the photospheric radius. Such large-scale clumps are similar to those observed in the SN remnant Cassiopeia A. Given the small size of the observed sample, the covering factor of the clumps is only weakly constrained (∼5%–80%). The presence of a large-scale clumpy structure suggests that the large-scale convection or standing accretion shock instability takes place at the onset of the explosion.
How to Detect Inclined Water Maser Disks (and Possibly Measure Black Hole Masses)
Authors: Darling Jeremy
Published: March 2017

We describe a method for identifying inclined water maser disks orbiting massive black holes and for potentially using them to measure black hole masses. Owing to the geometry of maser amplification pathways, the minority of water maser disks are observable: only those viewed nearly edge-on have been identified, suggesting that an order of magnitude additional maser disks exist. We suggest that inward-propagating masers are gravitationally deflected by the central black hole, thereby scattering water maser emission out of the disk plane and enabling detection. The signature of an inclined water maser disk would be narrow masers near the systemic velocity that appear to emit from the black hole position, as identified by the radio continuum core. To explore this possibility, we present high-resolution (0.″07–0.″17) Very Large Array line and continuum observations of 13 galaxies with narrow water maser emission and show that three are good inclined-disk candidates (five remain ambiguous). For the best case, CGCG 120−039, we show that the maser and continuum emission are coincident to within 3.5 ± 1.4 pc (6.7 ± 2.7 mas). Subsequent very long baseline interferometric maps can confirm candidate inclined disks and have the potential to show maser rings or arcs that provide a direct measurement of black hole mass, although the mass precision will rely on knowledge of the size of the maser disk.
Les cultures juvéniles à l’ère de la globalisation : une approche par le cosmopolitisme esthético-culturel
Authors: Cicchelli Vincenzo , Octobre Sylvie
Published: March 2017

Les œuvres et contenus culturels circulent de manière croissante dans le monde et contribuent à façonner des répertoires et des goûts juvéniles désormais internationalisés. Ainsi la série Game of Thrones , qui a battu tous les records d’audience, Waka waqua , l’hymne de la Coupe du monde de football en Afrique du Sud en 2010 interprété par Shakira, chanteuse colombienne qui fait carrière aux États-Unis ou encore Naruto, personnage de manga japonais, sont-ils devenus des références partagées par les jeunes Français aujourd’hui, aux côtés d’icônes nationales comme Astérix ou David Guetta. Mangas, comics, films asiatiques, blockbusters hollywoodiens, cinéma bollywoodien, séries sud-coréennes ou scandinaves et musiques de tous les continents fonctionnent comme autant de fenêtres sur le monde et contribuent à rendre l’étranger familier. Que ce soit dans le domaine de la pop musique, des jeux vidéo, des séries télévisées, de la littérature ou du cinéma, la globalisation des industries culturelles et la circulation croissante des œuvres et des contenus, facilitée par la technologie numérique, sont ainsi des facteurs majeurs de l’internationalisation des répertoires de consommations et des imaginaires culturels des jeunes. Comment les jeunes construisent-ils leur rapport au monde par l’intermédiaire de biens culturels globalisés ? Cinq configurations de cosmopolitisme esthétique et culturel sont identifiées à partir du degré d’internationalisation des consommations et préférences, du mode linguistique de consommation (français ou langue originale), ainsi que des imaginaires globaux et des valeurs qui leur sont associés. Du cosmopolitisme involontaire lié à la consommation de la production culturelle mainstream , à des formes plus engagées d’ouverture (cosmopolitisme sectoriel et principiel), mais aussi de la préférence culturelle nationale à l’impossible cosmopolitisme, les consommations culturelles des jeunes leur confèrent des ressources et des compétences et dessinent des rapports au monde contemporain variés où le cosmopolitisme ordinaire devient une norme inclusive de bon goût générationnel.
A Reexamination of Military Sexual Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Williamson Meredith L. C. , Holliday Ryan , Holder Nicholas , North Carol S. , Surís Alina
Published: March 2017

Military sexual trauma (MST) is a term that has been formally defined by the United States Congress. However, policymakers, clinicians, and researchers often use different definitions of the term, which hampers efforts to provide accurate MST prevalence estimates, document its medical and psychological consequences, project need for resources to address the problem, identify cases, and provide appropriate treatment. MST covers unwelcome sexual advances, including sexual harassment and/or sexual assault, experienced by military personnel during military duty. Unfortunately, the term MST can easily be misapplied as a diagnosis, and is sometimes even incorrectly used interchangeably with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This article clarifies the importance of accurate definitions of MST and PTSD in assessing and managing the mental health consequences of these stressful life events. It also outlines the kinds of problems that may arise from unclear definitions and incorrect application of these constructs.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2017;47(3):134–138.]
Enhancing the Browser-Side Context-Aware Sanitization of Suspicious HTML5 Code for Halting the DOM-Based XSS Vulnerabilities in Cloud
Authors: Gupta B. B. , Gupta Shashank , Chaudhary Pooja
Published: March 2017

This article presents a cloud-based framework that thwarts the DOM-based XSS vulnerabilities caused due to the injection of advanced HTML5 attack vectors in the HTML5 web applications. Initially, the framework collects the key modules of web application, extracts the suspicious HTML5 strings from the latent injection points and performs the clustering on such strings based on their level of similarity. Further, it detects the injection of malicious HTML5 code in the script nodes of DOM tree by detecting the variation in the HTML5 code embedded in the HTTP response generated. Any variation observed will simply indicate the injection of suspicious script code. The prototype of our framework was developed in Java and installed in the virtual machines of cloud environment on the Google Chrome extension. The experimental evaluation of our framework was performed on the platform of real world HTML5 web applications deployed in the cloud platform.
Sharing Radiation Measurements Through Social Media
Authors: Segault Antonin , Tajariol Federico , Ishigaki Yang , Roxin Ioan
Published: March 2017

Radiation measurements are key information for risk communication in post-nuclear accident situations. Among the different social media platforms, Twitter offers automated accounts which have been used to share the readings, but often in an incomplete way from the perspective of data sharing and risk communication between citizen and radiation experts. In this paper, the authors investigate the requirements for radiation measurements, by analysing the perceived usefulness of several metadata items that may go along the measurement itself. They carried out a benchmark of existing usages, and conducted a survey with both experts and lay citizens. They thus produced a set of guidelines regarding the metadata that should be used. Furthermore, they created a prototype of a software tool to publish complete measurements and metadata containing suitable information for both experts and citizen based on the requirements.
An Authentication Technique for Accessing De-Duplicated Data from Private Cloud using One Time Password
Authors: Mohan Prakash , Chelliah Saravanakumar
Published: March 2017

Objective: The main aim is to de-duplicate the redundant files in the cloud and also to improve the security of files in public cloud service by assigning privileges to the documents when it is uploaded by confidential user. Methods: To achieve the objective the authors have used the AES algorithm to encrypt the file stored after de-duplication in the cloud. De-duplication is done based on comparison of contents, file type and size. For an authorized user to access the file from the cloud, generation of OTP using SSL protocol is adopted. Findings: Files uploaded in the cloud are encrypted using traditional encryption algorithms which don't provide high levels of security. Files can be accessed by anyone who is authorized. Privileges are not considered. During de-duplication, only the name and size of the files are considered. Application: Files within the public cloud can't be viewed by everyone who has registered with the cloud. Those who have the respective privileges can only view the file. Proof of Ownership is assured. Since de-duplication is done based on the content redundancy within the cloud storage is avoided. Usage of OTP ensures that the content is viewed by the individuals who have the respective privileges related to the file. These concepts provide additional security to the files stored in the public environment.
Framework to Secure Browser Using Configuration Analysis
Authors: Wadkar Harshad Suryakant , Mishra Arun , Dixit Arati M.
Published: March 2017

In last few decades, web browser has become one of the most used computer applications. The web browser is available on many devices such as desktops, laptops, palm devices and even in cars. According to recent research reports, the browser is targeted most by exploits in attacks on both home and corporate users. The default browser security configuration may leak user's sensitive information. It may also give remote code execution facility to attacker. In this paper, a framework to detect web browser security misconfiguration is proposed. The misconfiguration leads to data sharing to third party and insecure data transfer. The system scans browser configuration and determine deviation of configuration from secure settings. In addition, the system provides facility to achieve the level of security configuration with respect to recommended settings.
Big Data and Predictive Analysis is Key to Superior Supply Chain Performance
Authors: Bag Surajit
Published: March 2017

The study considers samples from the South African engineering companies who are strategic suppliers to mining and minerals industry and further explores the uncertainties persisting in the supply chain network. Further investigation was done to understand the role of big data and predictive analysis (BDPA) in managing the supply uncertainties. The paper finally uses partial least square regression analysis to study the relationship among buyer-supplier relationship, big data and predictive analysis and supply chain performance. The analysis supported the second and third hypothesis. Therefore, it is established that firstly, there is a positive relationship between big data, predictive analysis and supply chain performance and secondly, there is a positive relationship between and big data, predictive analysis and buyer-supplier relationship. The study is a unique contribution to the current literature by shedding light on the practical problems persisting in the South African context.
Implementation of n-gram Methodology for Rotten Tomatoes Review Dataset Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Tiwari Prayag , Mishra Brojo Kishore , Kumar Sachin , Kumar Vivek
Published: March 2017

Sentiment Analysis intends to get the basic perspective of the content, which may be anything that holds a subjective supposition, for example, an online audit, Comments on Blog posts, film rating and so forth. These surveys and websites might be characterized into various extremity gatherings, for example, negative, positive, and unbiased keeping in mind the end goal to concentrate data from the info dataset. Supervised machine learning strategies group these reviews. In this paper, three distinctive machine learning calculations, for example, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Maximum Entropy (ME) and Naive Bayes (NB), have been considered for the arrangement of human conclusions. The exactness of various strategies is basically inspected keeping in mind the end goal to get to their execution on the premise of parameters, e.g. accuracy, review, f-measure, and precision.
Scalability Property in Solving the Density Classification Task
Authors: Zakaria Laboudi , Salim Chikhi , Saliha Lakhdari
Published: March 2017

The density classification task (DCT for short) is one of the most studied benchmark problems for analyzing emergent computations performed by cellular automata. Starting from the observation that the performance of the best known solutions is not stable towards initial configurations size; we propose in this paper, some new evolutionary mechanisms for designing new solutions with similar conceptual properties to the best known ones. The approach is based on varying the size of initial configurations which allows making comparisons and analysis between the different solutions. We show then through a set of numerical results that the proposed mechanism allows collecting solutions for the DCT more efficiently and with reduced efforts. Also, we show that the collected solutions are affected by configurations size variations, where only few of them are scalable.
Multi-frequency Portable Dielectric Probes for In-situ Soil Moisture Measurement
Authors: Brisco B , Brown R J , Topp G C
Published: March 2017

Portable Dielectric Probe (PDP) and Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) instruments are increasingly being used for rapid in-situ determination of soil moisture contents. These techniques provide alternatives for acquiring soil moisture data in field experiments
where the logistics of gravimetric sampling can restrict the number of samples obtained. The real part of the dielectric constant of soils, measured by P-, L-, C-, and X-band PDP's , was empirically related to soil water content for soils with a wide range of textures. The results were compared to
TDR measurements. The P- and L-band probes and the TDR produced very comparable and accurate results while the C- and X-band probes showed sensitivity to variability within a soil, the measurement technique, and soil texture. Both TDR and PDP instruments complement one another as they sample
different depths/volumes. In general the TDR is suitable for 0-5 cm or deeper layers while the PDP can be used for measuring layers on the order of a cm in thickness.
Multipolarization C-band SAR For Soil Moisture Estimation
Authors: Brown R J , Brisco B
Published: March 2017

Previous studies of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery have shown qualitative relationships between radar backscatter and soil moisture. However, to be able to use these data in operational programs it will be necessary to establish
quantitatively how the radar return is related to soil moisture and the effects of surface roughness, soil type, and vegetation cover and growth stage, as a function of frequency and polarization. To this end, a multi-year experiment began in 1990 as a cooperative venture amongst the Canada Centre
for Remote Sensing, the Ontario Centre for Remote Sensing, the Land Resource Research Centre (Agriculture Canada), and the Universities of Guelph, Sherbrooke, Laval, and Waterloo.

During 1990, SAR imagery was acquired during two periods (May and
July) to correspond to times of minimal and substantial vegetation cover. SAR data were acquired on three days in May and on four days in July to cover different soil moisture conditions. This unique comprehensive data set will be used to investigate the relationships between soil moisture and
radar backscatter. This paper describes the experiment and data collected as well as providing a preliminary qualitative interpretation of the relationship between soil moisture and image tone.
User Development and the Remote Sensing Community
Authors: Alföldi T
Published: March 2017

The developmentof users requires not only the transfer of (remote sensing) technology, but the search for newusers. It is the later which is often unrecognized because it is a difficult and unglamorous task. Yet the continuing growth of the user community is
essential to the well being of any national remote sensing program. The author develops the rationale for this activity and suggests mechanisms for a national (government) agency to undertake this chore as a precursor to the actual technology transfer process. The Technology Enhancement Program of
the Canada Centre for Remote Sensing is given as one example of a successful mechanism for uncovering and developing new users.
Environmental Effects on Radar Data of Agricultural Areas
Authors: Brisco B , Bedard D , Naunheimer J J , Brown R J
Published: March 2017

Timeliness is an important characteristic of data use within many agricultural applications. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is therefore an attractive source of data as these sensors can acquire imagery regardless of the presence of clouds or the lack of
sunlight. This all-weather, day or night data collection capability of SAR also implies that these data may be acquired under different environmental conditions. This can have a significant effect upon the information content within these data. In this paper, the effects of rain, dew, time of day,
and wind (or storm damage) on radar data of agricultural environments are reviewed. SAR data acquired under different environmental conditions may be used independently to monitor a particular event, such as to track storm damage, or it may be used synergistically with other data. The implications
of these effects on agricultural applications are also reviewed with respect to Radarsat and other spaceborne SAR platforms. (From Author)
Multisource Data Fusion with an Integrated and Unified Geometric Modelling
Authors: Toutin Th
Published: March 2017

This paper presents a method of generating precise multi-source ortho-images using a digital elevation model and a few ground control points (4-7). This method has been integrated to take into account the geometric distortions of the full viewing geometry (sensor
- platform - Earth), and unified to process raw images from different sensors (visible and radar) on various platforms (airborne and spaceborne) at different resolutions. Results from eight types of images show an absolute accuracy of 1/3 of a pixel for satellite images in the visible, one
resolution cell for satellite radar images and one to two resolution cells for airborne images. Furthermore, a relative registration accuracy of one pixel is achieved in the data fusion. Integration (mosaics and colour composites) of these ortho-images with the road network overlaid confirms the
relative and absolute accuracies.
Qualitative Aspects of Chromo-Stereoscopy for Depth Perception
Authors: Toutin Th
Published: March 2017

The display of three dimensional quantitative data sets is a basic topic of research in cartography, image processing and applications related to spatial information. A new application for data visualisation and analysis which combines colour vision and depth
perception, has been developed using the effect known as chromo-stereoscopy based on the Einthoven's theory.

It enables the generation of flat colour composite images from multisource data in which depth information is coded into colours. When viewed with double prism refraction ChromaDepthTM glasses, a dramatic3D effect is produced. Following a description of the method, the geometric and radiometric
processing parameters are qualitatively analysed to assess their impact on the quality of the chromo-stereoscopic images and the depth perception.
Algorithms for Retreiving LAI and FPAR of Boreal Conifer Forests Using Landsat TM Image
Authors: Chen J M , Cihlar J
Published: March 2017

Algorithms have been developed for calculating leaf area index (LAI) and the fraction of phoyosynthetically-active radiation (FPAR) absorbed by boreal forests using satellite-measured vegetation indices. This study is part of the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study
(BOREAS). In the summer of 1994, ground-based measurements of LAI and FPAR were made in more than 30 forest stands near Candle Lake and Prince Albert, Saskatchewan and near Thompson, Manitoba. The measurements were made using optical instruments including the Plant Canopy Analyzer (PCA, LI-COR
LAI-2000) and the TRAC (Tracing Radiation and Architecture of Canopies). The TRAC was recently developed by us to quantify the effect of canopy architecture on optical measurements of leaf area index and to obtain average PAR transmitted through the forest canopies. The stands with the ground-truth
data were located on georeferenced Landsat TM images using global positioning system (GPS) measurements. Algorithms for LAI and FPAR are based on the correlation of the ground-based measurements with vegetation indices calculated using Landsat TM data. It is found that late spring Landsat images are
superior to summer images for determining overstory LAI and FPAR in boreal conifer stands because the effect of the understory is minimized at the time.
Rigorous Geometric Processing of Airborne and Spaceborne Data
Authors: Toutin Th
Published: March 2017

This article presents a method to generate ortho-images with digital elevation model and a few ground control points (4-8). The method has been integrated to take into account the geometric distortions of the full geometry of viewing (sensor - platform - Earth),
and unified to process images from different sensors (VIR and SAR) on various platforms (airborne and spaceborne). Results from eight types of images show an absolute accuracy of 1/3 of pixel for VIR satellite images and one to two pixels for the other images (SAR and airborne), and a relative
accuracy of one pixel between the image. Mosaicking of these ortho-images with the road network overlaid confirms the relative and absolute accuracies. To our knowledge, this is the only method and system which can geometrically correct with DEM all these types of images. Furthermore, as the user
processes the raw data, he can control the full process and follow the error propagation until the final product. The ortho-image and data extraction accuracies required for each application are not the same. Then, according to the desired accuracy of the final product, the user can decide which
data (images, GCPs, DEM) and their accuracy to be used for this specific application.
Using RADARSAT to Map Tillage and Residue on Agricultural Fields
Authors: McNairn H , Gwyn Q H J , Brown R J , Wood D
Published: March 2017

Mapping tillage characteristics, and the corresponding crop residue cover, is important for monitoring the adoption of conservation tillage practices and for quantifying wind and water erosion. To investigate the potential of RADARSAT for identifying tillage and
residue characteristics, RADARSAT and ground data were gathered over a site in southern Manitoba in October of 1996. From the limited analysis completed to date, results are encouraging for detecting some residue and tillage classes early in the fall using RADARSAT data. Once fields have been tilled
several times, differences in surface roughness and residue conditions among fields are reduced and separation into distinct classes is difficult. Consequently, the timelines of RADARSAT coverage will be important for this application.
Application of High Resolution Optical Imagery to Precision Agriculture
Authors: Brown R J , Staenz K , McNairn H , Hopp B , van Acker R
Published: March 2017

To evaluate the potential of high resolution satellites such as EarlyBird and QuickBird for use in precision agriculture, a number of datasets were collected over study sites in Manitoba during 1996. These data included casi airborne multispectral data and aerial
photographs during crop emergence, as well as casi data during crop vegetative growth. At the time of image acquisition, ground data were collected in selected fields to characterize weed growth and crop biomass. Preliminary analysis of the 1996 data suggests that the use of high spatial
multispectral data for weed and crop vigor detection is promising.
GlobeSAR-2 Program and RADARSAT Applications Review
Authors: Brisco B , Manore M J , Brown R J , D'Iorio M , Campbell F
Published: March 2017

GlobeSAR-2 is a training, technology transfer, and applications development program, focussing of RADARSAT, being conducted in 11 countries in Latin America. The program is led by the Canada Centre for Remote Sensing (CCRS) with the South American portion of the
program funded by the Canadian International Develpment Agency (CIDA). the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) is supporting the Central American portion. RADARSAT International Inc. (RSI), PCI, and Atlantis Scientific are private sector partners in GlobeSAR-2. The program goal is: 1)
to enhance the resource management capabilities in the participating countries through demonstration and training of radar remote sensing, in particular RADARSAT, and 2) to demonstrate the value of RADARSAT applications for improved natural resource and environmental monitoring and planning, promote
the integration of RADARSAT information into each country's ongoing programs and projects, and help to establish and enhance the radar remote sensing capacity in each of the participating countires, in particular the integration of RADARSAT with other data. This paper will briefly describe the
GlobeSAR-2 program, highlight the training approach being implemented for the program, and provide an overview of the variety of applications in each participating country.
Évaluation de la géométrie des images RADARSAT : premiers résultats
Authors: Toutin Th
Published: March 2017

RADARSAT is the first operational radar satellite that can generate 25 different types of images. Effective use of these data is aided by knowledge of their geometric quality and assessment of the parameters (modes, beam, resolution, angles, etc.) that affect
geometric processing of a single image or of several images simultaneously. Preliminary results show that both planimetric and altimetric resolutions are sufficiently accurate if more than one image is used. In the case of more than one image, an opposite side stereo configuration improves
results.
Understanding RADARSAT Data in Stereo
Authors: Toutin Th , Vester C
Published: March 2017

Depth perception is a sophisticated process which actively combines physiological and psychological cues with a mental model. Little is known of how this cues are combined in our brain. Viewing radar data in stereo is then sometimes more difficult than optical
data. This paper presents the basic aspects of visual mechanisms to better understand depth perception from radar data, and how to use at its best RADARSAT in stereo.
A training package on: How to use RADARSAT Data in Stereo
Authors: Vester C , Toutin Th
Published: March 2017

The following paper reports on some of the findings made using RADARSAT data in stereo. Characteristics of RADARSAT imagery were observed by comparisons with aerial photography, Landsat and SPOT imagery, and ERS-1, JERS-1 and airborne SAR imagery and by studying
the effects of sensor, satellite and Earth parameters on stereo image pairs. This analysis of RADARSAT imagery was undertaken as part of the construction of RADARSAT in Stereo: a Training Tool Kit.
Landslide Characterization in Canada Using Interferometric SAR and Combined SAR and TM Images
Authors: Singhroy V , Mattar K , Gray A L
Published: March 2017

In Canada and the United States the direct and indirect cost of the damages caused by landslides is about US 2.2 billion dollars a year. These slides are mainly the result of excessive precipitation or ground shaking from earthquakes. Developing new remote
sensing techniques to identify and characterise landslides will assist in the current national landslide inventory and hazard mapping programs. This paper reports on the use of interferometric SAR, RADARSAT, and airborne SAR combined with Landsat TM images to identify diagnostic features of
landslides and their slope characteristics. The landslide types in Canada are found in different physiographic regions and are associated with certain kinds of soil and rock materials, geologic structures and topographic settings. Interferometric SAR images provided information on detail slope
profiles of the large rock slides occurring on steep slopes and along faults in the Canadian Cordillera. From this image, faults, rock slumps, block slides, slide scars and debris slopes were identified. RADARSAT images with incidence angles varying from 40- 59 degrees, particularly the fine mode
images, are the most useful to identify landslide features, in mountainous areas. An interpretation of retrogressive slope failures on the shale banks of the Saskatchewan river was conducted using a combined Landsat TM and SAR images. Flow slides on sensitive marine clays were identified on airborne
SAR images in the Ottawa valley. These examples show that several remote sensing techniques can assist in producing landslide inventory and risk assessment maps by providing the information on the morphological features of landslides.
RADARSAT and ERS Repeat-Pass SAR Interferometry at CCRS
Authors: Vachon P W , Gray A L , Mattar K E
Published: March 2017

In this paper, we review synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry (InSAR) activities at the Canada Centre for Remote Sensing (CCRS). Our InSAR activities started during the early 1990's using the CCRS CV-580 airborne SAR, for which both cross-track and
along-track modes were developed. Work on repeat-pass satellite SAR interfermetry began in 1994, and we have examined a number of test sites and niche applications with the RADARSAT, ERS, and JERS-1 SARs. We review some of these applications and results, including recent left-looking results from
RADARSAT over Antarctica.
Mapping Crop Characteristics Using Multitemporal RADARSAT Imager
Authors: McNairn H , Wood D , Brown R J
Published: March 2017

Although research related to the use of remote sensing for crop mapping and monitoring has been conducted extensively in the past, the all weather capability of SAR and the steerable beams associated with RADARSAT mean that the availability of cloud free imager
during critical phenological stages has improved significantly. The Canada Centre for Remote Sensing is involved in a multi-year study to investigate the use of RADARSAT data for operational crop type mapping and crop condition assessment. Results to date indicate that a single RADARSAT acquisition
during the crops' reproductive and seed development stages is better able to discriminate crop type when compared to a SPOT XS scene acquired during the same period. Multi-date RADARSAT and optical data provide very good crop type discrimination, although separating spring wheat is still
difficult.
Exploring the Information Content of Polarimetric SAR Data for Tillage and Residue Mapping
Authors: McNairn H , Duguay C , Brisco B , Brown R J , Pultz T J
Published: March 2017

Although the interaction between linearly polarized microwaves and agricultural targets has been studied extensively, far less is understood about the added information provided from polarimetric SARs. Using 1994 SIR-C data, this study examined the role of
polarimetric parameters in better defining post-harvest agricultural surfaces. Preliminary results suggest that cross-pol backscatter, pedestal height and cross-pol ratios provide information on soil management practices, including type of crop residue and amount of residue
cover.
Incidence Angle Considerations for Crop Mapping Using Multitemporal RADARSAT Data
Authors: McNairn H , Brown R J , Wood D
Published: March 2017

In order to effectively use multidate RADARSAT data for agricultural crop monitoring, the implications of combining datasets from different RADARSAT modes, and thus with varying incidence angles, must be addressed. As part of the Canada Centre for Remote
Sensing's Agriculture-ADRO project, 3 dates of RADARSAT imagery were acquired within a one week period, over a site in Manitoba Canada. Incidence angle dependent backscatter changes were examined as a function of crop type, and a simple first order for correction for incidence angle is
proposed.
Temporal Signature Analysis of Rice Paddies Using RADARSAT-1: Preliminary Results
Authors: Ross S , Brisco B , Brown R J , Yun S , Staples G
Published: March 2017

It is well known that rice is an important world crop, particularly in Asia. The population of Asia accounts for approximately 60 % of the global population, about 92% of the world's rice production, and 90% of global rice consumption. With such a
large population and high levels of rice consumption, an effective rice crop monitoring tool is needed. The unique capabilities of SAR (synthetic aperture radar) to penetrate clouds, haze and darkness allows for efficient and timely data collection which is useful for applications such as rice crop
monitoring. Recent research has proven radar's capabilities to discriminate between rice and non-rice areas and has demonstrated great potential for more in-depth research of rice crops. RADARSAT, Canada's earth observation SAR satellite, offers several beam positions allowing for frequent repeat
coverage opportunities. This is important for monitoring highly dynamic and relatively quick growing crops such as rice. For this paper, seven RADARSAT images were acquired over a study area in Guangdong Province in Southern China. The full rice crop growing season in this part of the world is 3
months. The acquired data set spans the full growing season with a more frequent acquisition schedule for the peak of the growth cycle. This study will investigate the temporal radar backscatter signatures of the rice paddies in this area, and relate the results to the various growth stages of the
plant - from flooded paddies, to mature plants, and through to harvest.
On the Use of Radarsat and JERS-1 Satellite SARs for Trail and Road Detection in Tropical Rainforests
Authors: Touzi R , Sasitiwarih A
Published: March 2017

The basic imaging geometry of the SAR is considered for the study of trail and road detectability in imagery of rainforests with no significant topographic relief, as a function of the SAR parameters and trail (or road) widths and their orientation relative to
the SAR viewing direction. The results are confirmed experimentally on a dense forest site in the south of Sumatra, Indonesia, using the multi-resolution capability of Radarsat. The best trail detectability was obtained with the fine modes at the highest incidence angle. The use of both ascending
and descending fine modes permits even the detection of 5 to 6 m wide trails under particular conditions. The same trails could not be detected using JERS-1 satellite SAR of coarser resolution. The resolution dominates trail detectability and the use of a longer wavelength (L-band for HERS-1) does
not allow the resolution of narrow trails.
The Use of Hyperspectral Data for Precision Farming
Authors: Staenz K , Deguise J -C , Chen J M , McNairn H , Szeredi T , McGovern M
Published: March 2017

A technique is proposed to estimate leaf area index (LAI) using the crop endmember fraction derived with spectral unmixing. 96-band hyperspectral data acquired with the Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager (casi) over two agricultural sites were used to test
the approach against measured LAI data and LAI computed with a NDVI-based semi-empirical model. For this purpose, the radiance data were converted to surface reflectance prior to the extraction of the crop fractions which were retrieved with constrained linear unmixing. The preliminary validation
tests indicate that the proposed technique has potential to estimate the effective LAI from the crop fraction. This technique has the advantage, compared to other approaches, of separating the crop from unwanted portions of vegetation such as weeds. This should lead to a more accurate estimation of
LAI.
Application of Remote Sensing to Environmental Monitoring: A Case Study of the 1996 Saguenay Flood in Québec
Authors: Fung K B , Yatabe S M , Pultz T J , Fedosejevs G
Published: March 2017

Remote sensing has been used widely for monitoring natural resources over large territories. Recently, with advances in sensor technology and computation power, application of remote sensing has been extended to monitoring local situations that have been
traditionally served by black and white survey aerial photographs. In 1996, after the flood in the Saguenay region, the Canada Centre for Remote Sensing mobilized a team to study the application of advanced remote sensing technology to assist the rehabilitation efforts by various groups and
governments. Satellite and airborne sensors, including Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM), SPOT Haute Résolution Visible (HRV), Radarsat Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery and multispectral airborne videography, were acquired after the flood in the Saguenay region. The black and white aerial
photographs acquired at the same time as the videography were used as a visual reference for the study. The images were analyzed and interpreted with the assistance of scientists from the Geological Survey of Canada. This paper summarizes the flood information provided by the different datasets,
moving from a regional to a local scale. It also discusses issues involved in flood monitoring and compares high resolution videography with optical and microwave satellite sensors.
GCPs Selection from Multi-source Data Over Mountainous Topography
Authors: Toutin Th , Hoja D , Hoeppner E , Rémond A , King C
Published: March 2017

GCP selection in mountainous relief is a difficult process. This paper shows methods using topographic, SAR and visible image data to define ridge points as GCPs. SAR layover and shadow boundaries method is the best method but it depends of the back and fore
slopes versus the look angle. Using SPOT ortho-image the results depend mainly on the visibility of the feature between the SAR and visible images. Simulated SAR is not a good solution since the DEM induces too large planimetric errors.
RADARSAT Repeat-Pass SAR Interferometry
Authors: Geudtner D , Vachon P W , Mattar K , Gray A L
Published: March 2017

We demonstrate and assess the feasibility of repeat-pass synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry (InSAR) with RADARSAT SAR data. The selection of InSAR image pairs with suitable interferometric baselines requires consideration of the acquisition with
respect to RADARSAT's large orbit drift. We discuss some aspects of the interferometric processing of RADARSAT data.
Stereo RADARSAT for Mapping Applications
Authors: Toutin Th
Published: March 2017

RADARSAT stereoscopic images are evaluated for mapping applications in terms of planimetric and altimetric feature extraction. The first requirement is GCP collection with stereoscopic plotting. Using the monoscopic method, artificial parallaxes in GCP image
co-ordinates will propagate through the entire extraction process. In fact, DEM accuracy can be improved by a factor of 20-40% when using stereo plotting. Accuracy of planimetric features (e.g. roads) extracted from a F1-F5 stereo pair is in the order of one resolution cell. Errors with 90%
confidence are less than two resolution cells for DEMs extracted from nine stereo pairs (fine, standard, extended high). General guidelines are drawn for selecting a tradeoff between geometric and radiometric disparities and RADARSAT stereo pairs as a function of the relief.
Multi-Polarized Airborne C-SAR Images for Geological Mapping at Lac Volant, Québec
Authors: Saint-Jean R , Singhroy V , Rheault M
Published: March 2017

This investigation explores the utility of multi-polarized airborne SAR images for geological mapping at the lac Volant site in eastern Québec.
 The discovery of the Voisey's Bay massive sulphide deposit triggered a considerable
interest in the Canadian mining community. In August 1996, a discovery with similar mineralogical associations was made near Lac Volant, 65 km NE of Sept-Îles, Québec. The Lac Volant showing started an unprecedented exploration rush in the area and geological mapping is now still in
progress. Preliminary interpretation of a RADARSAT S6 image led to the acquisition of an airborne quad-polarization C-SAR image for MIR Télédétection Inc.
 Our results show that the use of C-HH, C-VH and C-VV, airborne SAR images provide information on the
distribution and orientation of lineaments. Analysis of the individual polarimetric images shows that the C-VH image provides a different enhancement of certain directions. The difference can be explained by a depolarization of the signal by vegetation combined to a geometrical effect of the
topography.
 These results are particularly relevant to RADARSAT-2, currently scheduled for 2001, which will have multiple polarization capability.
Temporal Monitoring of Mine Tailings Revegetation Using Hyperspectral Data, Sudbury, Ontario
Authors: Lévesque J , Staenz K , Shang J , Neville R
A , Yearwood P , Singhroy V
Published: March 2017

Hyperspectral imagery from the Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager (casi) was used to monitor sulphide mine tailings revegetation progress at the Copper Cliff mine in Sudbury, Ontario. A first set of data was
acquired on August 24, 1996 in 72 contiguous 9 nm wide spectral bands from 400 nm to 950 nm along with a detailed ground survey. Using the same image acquisition parameters, a second set of data was acquired on August 19, 1998 over the same area along with detailed ground reference measurements.
Both sets of image data were classified using constrained linear spectral unmixing. Monitoring was achieved by comparing the 1996 and 1998 image fractions of vegetation. Results indicate that advances in reclamation of the selected sites have been made over the two-year
period.
RADARSAT Synthetic Aperture Radar Measurements of some 1998 Hurricanes
Authors: Vachon P W , Katsaros K , Black P , Dodge P
Published: March 2017

The RADARSAT synthetic aperture radar (SAR) acquired C-band HH polarization images over four 1998 hurricanes: Bonnie, Danielle, Georges, and Mitch. We present the SAR images and discuss their quantitative use in understanding hurricane morphology. The SAR
provides a complimentary view from belowthat is most beneficial when considered in the context of more conventional hurricane observations.