bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inner and outer worlds: speech and thought presentation in Mansfield’sBliss
Authors: Lukin Annabelle , Pagano Adriana
Published: October 2016

Despite renewed attention to Katherine Mansfield’s writing in recent years, her work continues to be read largely for “its political and emotional sensibilities and so seldom... for the controlled effects of stylistic detail” (New 1999.Reading Mansfield and metaphors of form. McGill-Queen’s Press-MQUP: viii). In this article we consider her story “Bliss” in relation to how Mansfield choreographs the interplay between the inner and outer worlds of the central character and the consequences of her textual crafting of this interplay for a reading of the theme of Mansfield’s story. We draw largely on what is now considered “classical” stylistics, that is, stylistics informed by a social-semiotic linguistics (e. g. Butt 1983. Semantic Drift in Verbal Art.Australian Review of Applied Linguistics,61, 34–48; Halliday 2002.Linguistic Studies of Text and Discourse. Volume 2 in the Collected Works of M.A.K. Halliday. London and New York: Continuum; Hasan 1985.Linguistics, Language and Verbal Art. Geelong, VIC: Deakin University Press; Hasan 1996a. On Teaching Literature Across Cultural Differences. In J. James Ed.,The Language-Culture Connectionpp. 34–63. Singapore: SEAMEO; Leech and Short 2007.Style in Fiction.2nd Edition. London. Longman; Semino and Short 2004.Corpus Stylistics: Speech, Writing and Thought Presentation in a Corpus of English Writing. London: Routledge; Sotirova 2013.Consciousness in Modernist Fiction: A Stylistic Study. Palgrave Macmillan; Toolan 2001.Narrative: A critical linguistic introduction. Second Edition. Routledge; Toolan 2007. Language. In D. Herman Ed.,The Cambridge companion to narrativepp. 231–244. Cambridge University Press;). Given the extensive variety of contributions to “post-classical” or “cognitive narratology” e. g. (Herman 2007. Introduction. In D. Herman (ed.),The Cambridge companion to narrative. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; McHale 2014. Speech Representation. In P. Hühn, J. C. Meister, J. Pier, & W. Schmid Eds.,living handbook of narratology. Hamburg: Hamburg University. Retrieved fromhttp://www.lhn.uni-hamburg.de/; Palmer 2004.Fictional minds. University of Nebraska Press) we briefly comment on why we have not taken this direction in our analysis.
“Shaking off so good a wife and so sweet a lady”: Shakespeare’s use of taste words
Authors: Bagli Marco
Published: October 2016

The sense of taste has been considered an “inferior” sense for a long time, both in philosophical and scientific fields of investigation (Cavalieri 2011.Gusto: l‘intelligenza del palato. Bari: GLF editori Laterza). However, the recent growing interest in Cognitive Science has driven scholars to a reconsideration of the role of taste in human cognition. This paper intends to investigate such a role in a corpus of five Shakespearean plays. To do so, I conducted an analysis by looking at the occurrences of seven taste terms. The research aims at exploring the metaphorical occurrences of the lexicon of taste, i.e. concordances in which a taste word does not describe food or an actual taste sensation. I propose an idealised cognitive model to organise such occurrences that involves a central mapping from which others derive, in keeping with Kövecses (2010.Metaphor: A Practical Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press). Results are consistent in showing the role of taste in the motivation of metaphorical expression in Shakespeare’s plays.
Diagnostic accuracy of fetal scalp lactate for intrapartum acidosis compared with scalp pH
Authors: Pascual Mancho Jara , Marti Gamboa Sabina , Redrado Gimenez Olga , Crespo Esteras Raquel , Rodriguez Solanilla Belen , Castan Mateo Sergio
Published: October 2016

Objective:

To determine the diagnostic accuracy of fetal scalp lactate sampling (FSLS) and to establish an optimal cut-off value for intrapartum acidosis compared with fetal scalp pH.

Methods:

A 20-month retrospective cohort study was conducted of all neonates delivered in our institution for whom fetal scalp blood sampling (FSBS) was performed, matching their intrapartum gasometry to their cord gasometry at delivery (n=243). The time taken from the performance of scalp blood sampling to arterial umbilical cord gas acquisition was 45 min at most. Five arterial cord gasometry patterns were set for assessing the predictive ability of both techniques. Subsequent obstetric management for a pathological value was analysed considering the use of both techniques.

Results:

The optimal cut-off value for FSLS was 4.8 mmol/L: this value has 100% sensitivity and 63% specificity for umbilical arterial cord gas pH≤7.0 and base deficit (BD)≥12 detection, and 100% sensitivity and 64% specificity for umbilical arterial cord gas pH≤7.10 and BD≥12 detection, with a false negative rate of <1.3%, improving fetal scalp pH performance. FSLS showed the best area under the curve (AUC) of 0.86 and 0.84 for both arterial cord gasometry patterns, respectively. Expedite birth following lactate criteria would have been the same as following pH criteria (92 obstetric interventions) with no cases of missed metabolic acidosis. In the cohort, 19.8% of cases were discordant, but no cases of metabolic acidosis were in this group.

Conclusions:

FSLS improves the detection of metabolic acidosis via fetal scalp pH with an optimal cut-off value of 4.8 mmol/L. FSLS can be used without increasing obstetrical interventions or missing metabolic acidosis.
The value of ultrasound measurement of cervical length and parity in prediction of cesarean section risk in term premature rupture of membranes and unfavorable cervix
Authors: Aracic Nada , Stipic Ivica , Jakus Alujevic Ivana , Poljak Petar , Stipic Mario
Published: October 2016

Aim:

To evaluate the influence of cervical length (CL) and parity as prediction factors for assessment of cesarean section (CS) risk in women with premature rupture of membranes (PROM) at term and unfavorable cervix, undergoing induction of labor (IOL) with dinoprostone intracervical gel.

Methods:

A prospective study involved 50 nulliparous and 51 multiparous women admitted for IOL. Pre-induction CL was measured and delivery outcomes were recorded.

Results:

Nulliparous women were younger than the multiparous (26.6±5.2 vs. 30.5±4.9; P<0.001) and had longer pre-induction CL (35.6±5.5 vs. 31.5±4.8; P<0.001) and induction-delivery interval (582 vs. 420 min; P<0.001). There was no difference in the mode of delivery, CS indications, Apgar score, neonatal weight, the rate of neonatal intensive care unit admission and perinatal death in respect of parity. CL was significantly shorter in vaginal vs. cesarean deliveries regardless of parity (31.4 vs. 38.8 mm, P<0.001, respectively). Cut-off values of CL for predicting CS were 37.5 mm in nulliparae and 34.5 mm in multiparae.

Conclusions:

CLs of 37.5 mm in nulliparae and 34.5 mm in multiparae were determined as the cut-off values in predicting CS risk in women with PROM at term and unfavorable cervix.
Risk of recurrent preterm birth among women according to change in partner
Authors: Baer Rebecca J. , Yang Juan , Chambers Christina D. , Ryckman Kelli K. , Saftlas Audrey F. , Berghella Vincenzo , Schetter Chris Dunkel , Shaw Gary M. , Stevenson David K. , Jelliffe-Pawlowski Laura L.
Published: October 2016

There is well-established literature indicating change in partner as a risk for preeclampsia, yet the research on the risk of preterm birth after a change in partners has been sparse and inconsistent. Using a population of California live born singletons, we aimed to determine the risk of preterm birth after a change in partner between the first and second pregnancies. The risk of preterm and early term delivery in the second pregnancy was calculated for mothers who did or did not change partners between births with the referent group as women who delivered both pregnancies at term and did not change partners. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Relative to women who delivered at 39 weeks or later in the second pregnancy and did not change partners, preterm birth risks were somewhat lower for women who changed partners between the first and second pregnancies compared to those women who did not change partners. For example, 10.6% of women who did not change partners and delivered their second pregnancy before 34 weeks also delivered their first pregnancy before 34 weeks, while 8.5% of women who changed partners delivered before 34 weeks. Findings suggest partner change may alter the risk of preterm birth.
White-lipped peccaries are recorded at Iguaçu National Park after 20 years
Authors: Brocardo Carlos R. , da Silva Marina Xavier , Delgado Luis Eduardo da S. , Galetti Mauro
Published: October 2016

The white-lipped peccary (WLP) is the most endangered ungulate in the Neotropics. In the recent years, this species has undergone a large reduction in range size and experienced the loss of several populations. An emblematic case was the local extinction of this species from the Iguaçu National Park (INP) in the mid-1990s. After the report of this particular WLP disappearance, surveys conducted along the 2000s confirmed its absence in the park. However, in 2016, after 20 years of previous reports, we obtained five records of WLP herds, indicating a possible population recovery probably resulting from emigration. To effectively re-establish white-lipped peccary population and, consequently, restore its ecological role, urgent practical conservation measures are necessary.
Nonlinear plasmonics at high temperatures
Authors: Sivan Yonatan , Chu Shi-Wei
Published: October 2016

We solve the Maxwell and heat equations self-consistently for metal nanoparticles under intense continuous wave (CW) illumination. Unlike previous studies, we rely on experimentally-measured data for metal permittivity for increasing temperature and for the visible spectral range. We show that the thermal nonlinearity of the metal can lead to substantial deviations from the predictions of the linear model for the temperature and field distribution and, thus, can explain qualitatively the strong nonlinear scattering from such configurations observed experimentally. We also show that the incompleteness of existing data of the temperature dependence of the thermal properties of the system prevents reaching a quantitative agreement between the measured and calculated scattering data. This modeling approach is essential for the identification of the underlying physical mechanism responsible for the thermo-optical nonlinearity of the metal and should be adopted in all applications of high-temperature nonlinear plasmonics, especially for refractory metals, for both CW and pulsed illumination.
Chip-integrated all-optical diode based on nonlinear plasmonic nanocavities covered with multicomponent nanocomposite
Authors: Chai Zhen , Hu Xiaoyong , Yang Hong , Gong Qihuang
Published: October 2016

Ultracompact chip-integrated all-optical diode is realized experimentally in a plasmonic microstructure, consisting of a plasmonic waveguide side-coupled two asymmetric plasmonic composite nanocavities covered with a multicomponent nanocomposite layer, formed directly in a plasmonic circuit. Extremely large optical nonlinearity enhancement is obtained for the multicomponent nanocomposite cover layer, originating from resonant excitation, slow-light effect, and field enhancement effect. Nonreciprocal transmission was achieved based on the difference in the shift magnitude of the transparency window centers of two asymmetric plasmonic nanocavities induced by the signal light, itself, for the forward and backward propagation cases. An ultralow threshold incident light power of 145 μW (corresponding to a threshold intensity of 570 kW/cm2) is realized, which is reduced by seven orders of magnitude compared with previous reports. An ultrasmall feature size of 2 μm and a transmission contrast ratio of 15 dB are obtained simultaneously.
Crystal structure of 3-(2-bromophenyl)-1,1-dimethylthiourea, C9H11BrN2S
Authors: El-Hiti Gamal A. , Smith Keith , Hegazy Amany S. , Hayal Alotaibi Mohammad , Kariuki Benson M.
Published: October 2016

C9H11BrN2S, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 7.5187(3) Å, b = 8.0634(3) Å, c = 17.5320(6) Å, V = 1062.90(7) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0216, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0536, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of 3-(adamantan-1-yl)-1-(4-bromophenyl)urea, C17H21BrN2O
Authors: Al-Omary Fatmah A. M. , Al-Rasheed Lamees S. , Ghabbour Hazem A. , El-Emam Ali A.
Published: October 2016

C17H21BrN2O, orthorhombic, Pna21 (no. 33), a = 9.2558(12) Å, b = 13.0186(17) Å, c = 13.4684(18) Å, V = 1622.9(4) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0471, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1059, T = 100 K.
Crystal structure of methyl 2b-ethyl-1a,2a,2b,2b1,3,5,10,11-octahydro-1H-oxireno[2′,3′:6,7]indolizino[8,1-cd]carbazole-4-carboxylate, C21H24N2O3
Authors: Qiu Rui-Xia , Li Guo-Qiang , Chen Hong-Ji , Wang Lin , Wang Chun-Hua
Published: October 2016

C21H24N2O3, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 9.7186(12) Å, b = 13.4479(16) Å, c = 13.6679(17) Å, V = 1786.3(4) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0393, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0937, T = 173 K.
Crystal structure of 2-amino-5-oxo-4-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-phenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[b]pyran-3-carbonitrile, C18H18N2O5
Authors: Li Jingwei , Lin Jiali , Zhang Mingna , Wang Ke , He Jieli
Published: October 2016

C18H18N2O5, monoclinic, P21/n, a = 8.605(5) Å, b = 8.496(4) Å, c = 23.771(5) Å, β = 95.853(19)°, V = 1728.7(12) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0461, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1309, T = 296 K.
Crystal structure of diaqua-dinitrato-κO-bis(4-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)pyridine-κN)manganese(II), C16H18MnN8O8
Authors: Zhu Guang-Zhou , Li Chun-Ling , Feng Yu-Yu , Feng Xiao-Wan , Yang Feng-Lei
Published: October 2016

C16H18MnN8O8, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 7.3533(3) Å, b = 11.8078(5) Å, c = 12.6376(5) Å, β = 110.028(2)°, V = 1030.92(7) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0312, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1166, S = 1.043, T = 296(2) K.
Commercial cellulases from Trichoderma longibrachiatum enable a large-scale production of chito-oligosaccharides
Authors: Tegl Gregor , Öhlknecht Christoph , Vielnascher Robert , Kosma Paul , Hofinger-Horvath Andreas , Guebitz Geog M.
Published: October 2016

Chito-oligosaccharides (COSs) are a substance class of high interest due to various beneficial bioactive properties. However, detailed mechanistic and application-related investigations are limited due to the poor availability of COSs with defined structural properties. Here, we present the large-scale production of COSs with defined degree of N-acetylation using a commercial cellulase preparation from Trichoderma longibrachiatum. The enzyme preparation was found to exclusively produce COSs lacking of acetyl groups while MS/MS analysis indicated a cellobiohydrolase to be the responsible for hydrolysis with the enzyme preparation. MS and NMR analysis proved the low content of acetyl groups in the COS mix and oligomers with a degree of polymerization (DP) of 2–6 were obtained. The low cost enzyme source was further exploited for large-scale production in a 20 g batch and resulted a COSs yield of 40%. An inexpensive enzyme source for the production of bioactive COSs was successfully implemented and thorough product analysis resulted in well-defined COSs. This strategy could improve the access to this substance class for a more detailed investigation of its various biological activities.
Bioactive chitosan based coatings: functional applications in shelf life extension of Alphonso mango – a sweet story
Authors: Prashanth K. V. Harish , Baskaran Revathy , DhanyaSri E. B. , Rajashekaramurthy
Published: October 2016

Chitosan-based coating (M4F2) was used successfully to delay ripening and prolong shelf-life of rapidly perishable and expensive Alphonso mango fruits stored at 30 ± 3°C and 40–50% RH for 15 days. Matured raw Alphonso mango fruits were simple dip treated/coated and air dried with our newly developed chitosan based formulation (for industry) with additives. Samples were taken at regular intervals for routine analysis of fruits. Results indicated that M4F2 coating could decrease the decay incidence loss along with delay the change in color of mango fruit during storage but not physiological steady weight loss. Interestingly, sensory evaluation indicated that quality of mango was enhanced slight significantly to more sweetness and better aroma by M4F2 coating compared to uncoated control fruits. Further, our M4F2 coating formulation may act as an important potentiator of flavor compounds of mango as well as controlling organic acids and sugars, which are key components in the perception of mango flavor. Understanding the chemical components that contribute to flavor perception of the fruit is necessary for post-harvest storage technology. This information is also important to study chitosan/derivatives elicitation in molecular level to improve mango flavor as well as in identification of genes responsible for flavor quality. The scientific story behind this effective chitosan based coating formulation development has been discussed.
Distribution of Military Power and Prospects of Post-Conflict Peace
Authors: Bussmann Margit , Ranft Florian
Published: October 2016

This study focuses on the distribution of military capabilities in the aftermath of civil wars and how it affects the recurrence of further fighting. Using survival analysis the empirical tests cover 48 post-conflict episodes in 33 countries and includes novel measurements on military capabilities. We find that peace is more likely to endure following military victories and peace agreements and when conflict parties are able to credibly signal their intentions to commit laying down arms.
Effect of acute stress on auditory processing: a systematic review of human studies
Authors: Jafari Zahra , Kolb Bryan E. , Mohajerani Majid H.
Published: October 2016

Stress is an integral part of modern life. Although there is a large body of literature regarding the harmful effects of chronic stress on different aspects of human life, acute stress is the most common form of stress, resulting from the demands and pressures of the recent past and the anticipated demands and pressures of the near future. In spite of its pervasive nature, less attention has been paid to the impact of acute stress on sensory processing than to the consequences of chronic stress, particularly concerning auditory processing. In this systematic review, the impact of experimental acute stress on the auditory processing of healthy adults was investigated. The results revealed the adverse effects of acute physical and psychological stresses on auditory processing. According to the open field of research on stress and the auditory system and the high possibility of experiencing different types of acute stresses in various life environments, including testing places, it seems that more investigations are needed to identify and manage different types of acute stresses in both clinical and research situations.
Calculation of Liquid–Solid Interfacial Free Energy in Pb–Cu Binary Immiscible System
Authors: Li Hong-shan , Zhou Sheng-gang , Cao Yong
Published: October 2016

Based on the solid–liquid interfacial free energy theory of the complex Warren binary & pseudo-binary system and through the simplification of it by taking Pb–Cu binary system as an example, the physical model for it in binary immiscible system can be obtained. Next, its thermodynamic formula is derived to obtain a theoretical formula that only contains two parameters, and comparisons are made with regard to γ
SL calculated values and experimental values of MPE (multiphase equilibrium method) under several kinds of temperatures. As manifested in the outcomes, the improved physical model and theoretical formula will become not only easy to understand but also simple for calculation (the calculated value of γ
SL depends on two parameters, i.e. temperature and percentage composition of Cu atom). It can be treated as the foundation of application for the γ
SL calculation of liquid–solid interfacial free energy in other immiscible systems.
The Successive Application of the Gauge Transformation for the Modified Semidiscrete KP Hierarchy
Authors: Li Maohua , Cheng Jipeng , He Jingsong
Published: October 2016

In this article, the successive application of three gauge transformation operators for the modified semidiscrete Kadomtsev–Petviashvili(mdKP) hierarchy has been provided. The commutativity of the Bianchi diagram of these gauge transformation operators is investigated.
A Steady-state Trio for Bretherton Equation
Authors: Niu Zhao , Liu Zeng , Cui Jifeng
Published: October 2016

To investigate if steady-state resonant solution exist for any system of weakly interacting waves in a dispersive medium, a trio is considered in the Bretherton equation based on the homotopy analysis method (HAM). Time-independent spectrum was found when all components were travelling in the same direction. Within the trio, the amplitude of longer component is larger than that of shorter one. As the difference of wave number between components in trio increases or the nonlinearity of whole system increases, the amplitudes of all components tends to increase simultaneously. These findings are helpful to enrich and deepen our understanding about resonant solutions in any dispersive medium, especially for a two-dimensional scenario.
The chemical behavior of the silaoxine C22H34OSi3and silaazetidine C25H43NSi4towards CO2
Authors: Sänger Inge , Bolte Michael , Lerner Hans-Wolfram
Published: October 2016

When 4,4a-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-1-phenyl-4,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)-3H-2-oxa-3-sila-naphthaline (silaoxine C22H34OSi3(3); orthorhombic, space groupPna21,Z=4) was thermolized in a CO2atmosphere, the corresponding oxasilacyclobutane (silaoxetane)5was quantitatively formed. The [2+2] cycloreversion of the silaoxetane5occurred at temperatures higher than 120°C to give exclusively Ph2C=C(SiMe3)2and (Me2SiO)n. Single crystals of Ph2C=C(SiMe3)2(6; monoclinic, space groupC2/c,Z=8) were isolated from this reaction. When the azasilacyclobutane (silaazetidine) C25H43NSi4(4; monoclinic, space groupP21/n,Z=4) was reacted with an excess of CO2at 100°C an unknown intermediate was formed along with the benzophenonimine Ph2C=N(SiMe3). The NMR resonances of this intermediate indicates the formation of theβ-silalactone (silaoxetanone) C10H24O2Si3(7). At temperatures higher than 120°C the silaoxetanone7decomposed to give (Me3Si)2C=C=O and (Me2SiO)n, respectively.
Triplet Charge Recombination in Heliobacterial Reaction Centers Does Not Produce a Spin-Polarized EPR Spectrum
Authors: Ferlez Bryan , Agostini Alessandro , Carbonera Donatella , Golbeck John H. , van der Est Art
Published: October 2016

In photosynthetic reaction centers, reduction of the secondary acceptors leads to triplet charge recombination of the primary radical pair (RP). This process is spin selective and in a magnetic field it populates only the T0 state of the donor triplet state. As a result, the triplet state of the donor has a distinctive spin polarization pattern that can be measured by transient electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR) spectroscopy. In heliobacterial reaction centers (HbRCs), the primary donor, P800, is composed of two bacteriochlorophyll g′ molecules and its triplet state has not been studied as extensively as those of other reaction centers. Here, we present TREPR and optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) data of 3P800 and show that although it can be detected by ODMR it is not observed in the TREPR data. We demonstrate that the absence of the TREPR spectrum is a result of the fact that the zero-field splitting (ZFS) tensor of 3P800 is maximally rhombic, which results in complete cancelation of the absorptive and emissive polarization in randomly oriented samples.
Spectroscopic, Quantum Chemical, Physical and Antioxidant Studies on 2-Amino 4-Picolinium 4-Nitrobenzoate – An Organic Crystal for Nonlinear Optical and Biological Applications
Authors: Vasuki S. , Karunakaran R.T. , Shanmugam G.
Published: October 2016

The title compound, 2-amino 4-picolinium 4-nitrobenzoate (2A4PNB), has been identified as a nonlinear optical material and its good quality single crystals were grown from methanol solution. It crystallizes in monoclinic system with the non-centro symmetric space groupPc. Its structure and chemical compositions were confirmed by the X-ray diffraction and microanalysis studies, respectively. FTIR, UV-Visible-NIR, NMR and photoluminescence (PL) spectra have been recorded and extensive spectroscopic investigations have been carried out. The grown crystals have been subjected to micro hardness and photoconductivity studies to explore its physico chemical properties. The free radical scavenging activity of the complex has been determined against DPPH and H2O2radicals. In addition, the quantum chemical studies were performed on the isolated 2A4PNB molecule using DFT calculations at the B3LYP/6-311++G (d,p) basis set.
Catalytic Properties of Cryogelated Noble Metal Aerogels
Authors: Freytag Axel , Colombo Massimo , Bigall Nadja C.
Published: October 2016

The catalytic properties of cryogelated noble metal aerogel monoliths out of aqueous colloids are investigated using the oxidation of carbon monoxide (CO) as a model reaction, in order to evaluate their potential for catalytic applications. Aerogels built of self-supporting platinum (Pt) and palladium (Pd) nanocrystals (NCs) have a directly accessible catalyst surface and show catalytic performance similar to state of the art catalysts while being support-free and therefore ultralight materials. In addition, these materials provide properties like room temperature CO conversion and spontaneous catalytic reactions. However, full material aerogel catalysts come with the side effect of limited thermal stability, which will have to be overcome in future.
High-Content Genome-Wide RNAi Screen RevealsCCR3as a Key Mediator of Neuronal Cell Death
Authors: Zhang Jianmin , Wang Huaishan , Sherbini Omar , Ling-lin Pai Emily , Kang Sung-Ung , Kwon Ji-Sun , Yang Jia , He Wei , Wang Hong , Eacker Stephen M. , Chi Zhikai , Mao Xiaobo , Xu Jinchong , Jiang Haisong , Andrabi Shaida A. , Dawson Ted M. , Dawson Valina L.
Published: October 2016

Neuronal loss caused by ischemic injury, trauma, or disease can lead to devastating consequences for the individual. With the goal of limiting neuronal loss, a number of cell death pathways have been studied, but there may be additional contributors to neuronal death that are yet unknown. To identify previously unknown cell death mediators, we performed a high-content genome-wide screening of short, interfering RNA (siRNA) with an siRNA library in murine neural stem cells after exposure toN-methyl-N-nitroso-N′-nitroguanidine (MNNG), which leads to DNA damage and cell death. Eighty genes were identified as key mediators for cell death. Among them, 14 are known cell death mediators and 66 have not previously been linked to cell death pathways. Using an integrated approach with functional and bioinformatics analysis, we provide possible molecular networks, interconnected pathways, and/or protein complexes that may participate in cell death. Of the 66 genes, we selectedCCR3for further evaluation and found that CCR3 is a mediator of neuronal injury. CCR3 inhibition or deletion protects murine cortical cultures from oxygen-glucose deprivation–induced cell death, andCCR3deletion in mice provides protection from ischemia in vivo. Taken together, our findings suggest that CCR3 is a previously unknown mediator of cell death. Future identification of the neural cell death network in which CCR3 participates will enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of neural cell death.
ErbB-2 nuclear function in breast cancer growth, metastasis and resistance to therapy
Authors: Elizalde Patricia V , Cordo Russo Rosalía I , Chervo Maria F , Schillaci Roxana
Published: October 2016

Approximately 15–20% of breast cancers (BC) show either membrane overexpression of ErbB-2 (MErbB-2), a member of the ErbBs family of receptor tyrosine kinases, or ERBB2 gene amplification. Until the development of MErbB-2-targeted therapies, this BC subtype, called ErbB-2-positive, was associated with increased metastatic potential and poor prognosis. Although these therapies have significantly improved overall survival and cure rates, resistance to available drugs is still a major clinical issue. In its classical mechanism, MErbB-2 activates downstream signaling cascades, which transduce its effects in BC. The fact that ErbB-2 is also present in the nucleus of BC cells was discovered over twenty years ago. Also, compelling evidence revealed a non-canonical function of nuclear ErbB-2 as a transcriptional regulator. As a deeper understanding of nuclear ErbB-2 actions would be crucial to the disclosure of its role as a biomarker and a target of therapy in BC, we will here review its function in BC, in particular, its role in growth, metastatic spreading and response to currently available MErbB-2-positive BC therapies.
Smart Bio-Palladium Nano Materials Synthesis by Green Method
Authors: Ashok V Bankar
Published: October 2016

Smart palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) are of special interest due to their distinctive characteristics and a large unfold of applications. PdNPs are synthesized by the conventional physical and chemical methods. These methods have several drawbacks and thus, biological methods are found to be substitute to the conventional methods. Biological method may be an easy, reliable, non-toxic and eco-friendly for synthesis of smart nanomaterials. Bacterial cells and plant materials are widely used as potential reducing agents for PdNPs synthesis. However, molecular mechanisms concerned in PdNPs synthesis don’t seem to be well understood and special efforts are needed more.
Anurans of the municipality of Barão de Monte Alto, state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil
Authors: Pereira Elvis A. , Neves Matheus O. , Hote Priscila S. , Santana Diego J. , Feio Renato N.
Published: October 2016

Abstract: We present a list of the anuran amphibians from municipality of Barão de Monte Alto, state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. This region is part of the remaining Atlantic Forest and the studied environments are represented by forest patches and open habitats. We recorded 29 anuran species, many of these typical and/or endemic to the Atlantic Forest. None of the species registered was considered under threat of extinction in state, national or international red-lists. It is worth noting, however, the presence of the tree frogs Dendropsophus pseudomeridianus, the first record of this species in the state of Minas Gerais, and D. bipunctatus, marking its expanded distribution in various locations of Minas Gerais. The present list examines zoogeography and conservation of anurans in the Brazilian southeast and broadens the knowledge of the anuran fauna in this region.
Synergistic activity of doped zinc oxide nanoparticles with antibiotics: ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, fluconazole and amphotericin B against pathogenic microorganisms
Authors: SHARMA NEHA , JANDAIK SAVITA , KUMAR SANJEEV
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT Combination therapy of antibiotics and nanoparticles can be used against multi drug resistant microorganisms. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been reported to show antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activities of doped ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were studied against fungi, gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria using the standard microdilution method. The interaction between the nanoparticle and the antibiotic was estimated by calculating the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC index) of the combination through checkerboard assay. Experimental results demonstrated that 10% doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) exhibited the maximum antimicrobial effect in contrast with that of the 1% loading and pure ZnO nanoparticles. The enhancement in antimicrobial effect was seen when combined with antibiotic. Synergistic and additive effects were found. No antagonistic effect was found. More synergistic effect was observed when combined with ciprofloxacin than ampicillin. Fungus showed only additive effect. The results are quite in terms with MIC clearly depicting that high doping agent is most suitable for combined therapy. 100% synergistic interaction was observed in higher doping with both ciprofloxacin and ampicillin. This study provides a preliminary report of the synergistic activity of nanoparticles with antibiotics against different pathogenic strains. This provides groundwork for further studies on the combination therapy of nanoparticles with antibiotics.
Acute Toxicity and Cytotoxicity Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Spondias tuberosa Arruda Bark: Hematological, Biochemical and Histopathological Evaluation
Authors: BARBOSA HUMBERTO M. , NASCIMENTO JAILSON N. DO , ARAÚJO THIAGO A.S. , DUARTE FILIPE S. , ALBUQUERQUE ULYSSES P. , VIEIRA JEYMESSON R.C. , SANTANA EDSON R.B. DE , YARA RICARDO , LIMA CLÁUDIA S.A. , GOMES DAYANE A. , LIRA EDUARDO C.
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT Spondias tuberosa Arruda, popularly named as umbu, is native from savanna-like vegetation and widely used for medicinal purposes, however, the toxicological profile is not available yet. This study evaluated the phytochemical profile and acute toxicity and citoxicity of Ethanolic Extract of Spondias tuberosa Arruda Bark (EEStb) in hematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters. Female Wistar rats were divided into: control (C) and animal treated single doses of 300mg/Kg (EEStb300) or 2.000mg/kg body weight (ESStb2.000) of the EEStb. After 24 hours and 14 days from gavage, the behavior, hematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters were assayed. Cytotoxicity effect was evaluated on HEp-2 cell lines. Neither EEStb300 nor EEStb2.000 produced mortality nor changes in body weight during the 14-days of observation, but EEStb2.000 reduced quietly the food and water intake as well as locomotor activity at first day. There were no changes in macroscopic, histopathological, biochemical and hematological parameters. EEStb in concentrations of 6.25- 50μg ml−1 on HEp-2 cell did not produce cytotoxic effect. These results suggest that EEStb did not cause acute toxicity and cytotoxic, suggesting a good safety rate for Spondias tuberosa Arruda.
New Agromyza Fallén (Diptera, Agromyzidae) from Brazil and a key for the Neotropical species
Authors: SOUSA VIVIANE R. DE , COURI MÁRCIA S.
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT Agromyza Fallén (Diptera, Agromyzidae) is a genus of leaf mining flies, including species with high economic importance. The knowledge of this genus is very poor in the neotropics, with 12 known species, only six of them recorded from Brazil. This paper describes two new Agromyza species from "Cerrado" and "Pantanal" biomes and records three other species represented only by females that could not be identified to species level. We also present a taxonomic key to segregate the 14 Neotropical species. The specimens were collected in Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul states and are deposited at Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo (São Paulo, Brazil) and Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) collections. The adults were photographed and the male terminalia were dissected and illustrated.
SOUFFRANCE ETHIQUE ET SOUFFRANCE TRAGIQUE : L'ELABORATION LEVINASSIENNE DE LA CRITIQUE NIETZSCHEENNE DE LA COMPASSION
Authors: Messina Aïcha Liviana
Published: October 2016

RÉSUMÉ Cet article analyse le problème de la souffrance dans l'œuvre de Lévinas à la lumière de la critique nietzschéenne de la compassion. Il s'agit dans un premier temps de montrer que, bien que la description que fait Lévinas de la souffrance éthique (le souffrir pour Autrui) soit similaire à l'idée nietzschéenne de la souffrance tragique ou inutile, les premiers écrits de Lévinas se concentrent aussi sur les dangers politiques qui resultent de la conception nietzschéenne du corps et de sa vision tragique de la souffrance. Dans un second temps, cet article se propose de montrer que la souffrance éthique telle que la décrit Lévinas ne correspond pas à la façon dont Nietzsche décrit la compassion comme étant une forme de nihilisme (au sens d'une négation de la vie). Il soutient au contraire l'idée que la souffrance éthique chez Lévinas permet d'aller plus loin dans la conception qu'a Nietzsche de l'amitié et de la vie
O "SISTEMA" DA MORAL? UMA INVESTIGAÇÃO SOBRE A SISTEMATICIDADE INTERNA DA METAFÍSICA DOS COSTUMES DE KANT
Authors: Trevisan Diego Kosbiau
Published: October 2016

RESUMO O artigo tem como objetivo pôr em questão duas objeções comumente lançadas contra a "Metafísica dos Costumes", a saber, a sua falta de "clareza sistemática" quando comparada com outras obras críticas centrais de Kant, e também a admissão aparentemente equivocada da legalidade como conceito legítimo de um sistema metafísico prático. Argumentar-se-á que a identificação do ato do livre arbítrio como conceito supremo do sistema permite responder às críticas lançadas ao, por um lado, apresentar um princípio de ordenação sistemática empregado de forma análoga em outras obras reconhecidamente sistemáticas, e, por outro, justificar a posição central ocupada no sistema pelo ato correto ou conforme ao dever, ensejando a possibilidade de que tanto o Direito quanto a legalidade ética sejam concebidos como autênticos elementos de uma "Metafísica dos Costumes".
PROGRESSO E DEPRAVAÇÃO: A CULTURA COMO REMÉDIO
Authors: Paiva Wilson Alves de
Published: October 2016

RESUMO O pensamento iluminista defendia que a ciência e as artes proporcionaram o desenvolvimento da razão e a melhoria dos costumes. A posição contrária, tomada pelo filósofo Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778), rendeu-lhe o prêmio da Academia de Dijon e o fez, depois da publicação de outras obras, um defensor da natureza e do homem natural. Diante da depravação dos costumes, o autor promove a própria cultura como remédio, haja vista que não se pode voltar ao estado de natureza. O conjunto de sua obra pode, dessa forma, ser considerado como uma tentativa audaciosa de Rousseau em utilizar-se das belas letras (o "Emílio" é um belo exemplo da arte literária do século XVIII) como um remédio contra os males da civilização, principalmente o afastamento do homem para com a natureza.
CULTURE, APPARTENANCE ET DIALOGUE : TROUVER LA JUSTE ARTICULATION
Authors: Vallée Marc-Antoine
Published: October 2016

RÉSUMÉ Le principal objectif de ce texte est d'apporter certaines clarifications par rapport à des problèmes et difficultés entourant l'usage actuel des notions de culture, d'appartenance et de dialogue. L'auteur montre que l'idée selon laquelle on pourrait être prisonnier de sa propre culture découle d'une transformation récente de la signification du concept de culture. Cette idée est critiquée comme étant un mythe, le mythe de la monade culturelle, reposant sur une mécompréhension des rapports entre culture, appartenance et dialogue. L'auteur s'efforce de proposer une meilleure compréhension de ces trois concepts, de façon à éviter toute forme de relativisme radical.
RECEPCIÓN Y CRÍTICA DEL PENSAMIENTO FILOSÓFICO DE LUDWIG FEUERBACH
Authors: Martínez Joaquín Gil
Published: October 2016

RESUMEN El presente artículo trata de mostrar las varias y diversas interpretaciones y posiciones existentes con respecto a la filosofía de Feuerbach, lo cual revela la influencia e importancia de su pensamiento. Así mismo, más allá de los diversos intentos por periodizar la obra de Feuerbach, el artículo trata de mostrar en qué medida es posible afirmar la existencia de un principio interno explicativo de su filosofía, el cual puede encontrarse en el concepto mismo de crítica, referido tanto a su método como a su actitud filosófica. Esta crítica tiene, en cualquier caso, un sentido positivo y trata de reafirmar una concepción plena del ser humano.
MACHIAVEL ET LA RHETORIQUE DES HUMEURS
Authors: Mansuy Daniel
Published: October 2016

RÉSUMÉ L'article ici présenté se propose d'analyser la nature des humeurs sociaux dans la pensée de Machiavel, à partir de l'interprétation de Claude Lefort. Le penseur florentin propose, dans Le Prince et les Discours, une théorie de la division sociale qui constitue une nouveauté dans l'histoire de la philosophie politique. Notre objectif est d'essayer de préciser la position de Machiavel face à ce conflit, et si celui-ci peut être surmonté.
A concepção de território na Saúde Mental
Authors: Furtado Juarez Pereira , Oda Wagner Yoshizaki , Borysow Igor da Costa , Kapp Silke
Published: October 2016

Resumo: O termo território e seus derivados se tornaram correntes no campo da Saúde Mental desde a reforma psiquiátrica, marco de ideário não hospitalocêntrico e potencialmente emancipatório. No entanto, constatamos em pesquisa empírica anterior que a essa incorporação terminológica não corresponderam concepções e práticas coerentes de reinserção territorial de pessoas com sofrimento mental. Para esclarecer os diversos usos do termo e suas possíveis correlações na prática, realizamos um levantamento sistemático de artigos científicos e documentos oficiais, confrontando-os entre si e com o conceito de território da Geografia Crítica. Concluímos que no campo da Saúde Mental brasileira, à revelia de muitos e sempre renovados esforços críticos, tem prevalecido uma noção funcional de território, que omite relações de poder e apropriações simbólicas, aumentando a tendência de a reinserção de pessoas com sofrimento mental desembocar na sua sujeição ao território dado, em vez de favorecer transformações socioespaciais para o convívio com as diferenças.
Factors associated with the diffusion rate of innovations: a pilot study from the perspective of the Brazilian Unified National Health System
Authors: Schneiders Roberto Eduardo , Ronsoni Ricardo de March , Sarti Flávia Mori , Nita Marcelo Eidi , Bastos Ediane de Assis , Zimmermann Ivan Ricardo , Ferreira Fernando Fagundes
Published: October 2016

Abstract: Budget Impact Analyses require a set of essential information on health technology innovation, including expected rates of adoption. There is an absence of studies investigating trends, magnitude of budgetary effects and determinants of diffusion rates for health technology innovations worldwide during the last decades. The present study proposes a pilot assessment on main determinants influencing diffusion rates of pharmaceutical innovations within the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS). Data from the Brazilian Health Informatics Department (DATASUS) was gathered to establish the main determinants of diffusion rates of health technology innovations in Brazil, specifically referring to pharmaceutical innovations incorporated in the Brazilian Program for Specialized Pharmaceutical Services (CEAF) at SUS. Information was retrieved on DATASUS relating to patients who had used one of the medicines incorporated into CEAF at least three years prior to the beginning of the study (2015) for treatment of each health condition available. Thus, data from patients adopting 10 different medicines were analyzed in the study. Results from the zero-one inflated beta model showed a higher influence on diffusion rates of pharmaceutical innovations due to: number of pharmaceutical competitors for treatment of the same disease available at CEAF (negative); medicine used in combination with other medication (positive); and innovative medicine within the SUS (positive). Further research on diffusion rates of health technology innovations is required, including wider scope of diseases and medications, potential confusion factors and other variables that may influence rates of adoption in different health systems.
Diferenciais de mortalidade jovem no Brasil: a importância dos fatores socioeconômicos dos domicílios e das condições de vida nos municípios e estados brasileiros
Authors: Pereira Fabiano Neves Alves , Queiroz Bernardo Lanza
Published: October 2016

Resumo: Neste artigo, analisou-se a relação entre o nível socioeconômico dos domicílios e das condições sociais locais com o risco de morte de jovens brasileiros. Foram utilizados os dados de óbitos ocorridos nos últimos 12 meses coletados pelo Censo Demográfico de 2010 para realizar a análise em nível local. A análise dos dados foi feita com base em modelos hierárquicos que possibilitaram identificar a contribuição das condições sociais dos domicílios, municípios e estado de residência na mortalidade de jovens no Brasil. Os resultados indicam que as diferenças nos níveis de status socioeconômico entre os domicílios são responsáveis por mais de 90% da variabilidade no risco de relato de óbito jovem pelo domicílio. Além disso, os resultados mostram que residir em uma localidade com baixo nível socioeconômico aumenta as chances de ocorrência de relato de óbito de jovens pelos domicílios de qualquer nível social no período.
Tendências e desigualdades nos comportamentos de risco em adolescentes: comparação das coortes de nascimentos de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Arroyave Leidy Johanna Ocampo , Restrepo-Méndez María Clara , Horta Bernardo Lessa , Menezes Ana Maria Baptista , Gigante Denise Petrucci , Gonçalves Helen
Published: October 2016

Resumo: O objetivo do presente trabalho é descrever tendências e desigualdades nos comportamentos de risco à saúde em adolescentes. Estudo transversal, comparando duas coortes de nascimentos da cidade de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Foram incluídos 1.281 adolescentes da coorte de 1982 e 4.106 da coorte de 1993 acompanhados em 2001 e 2011, respectivamente. Foi avaliado o consumo de álcool, uso de drogas ilícitas, uso de tabaco, iniciação sexual < 16 anos, não uso de preservativo e múltiplos parceiros sexuais. Foram calculadas prevalências totais para cada coorte, estratificadas por sexo e renda per capita, e medidas de desigualdades absoluta e relativa. Houve diminuição, de 2001 para 2011, na prevalência de uso experimental de álcool, uso de drogas, fumo e não uso de preservativos, e aumento no número de parceiros sexuais. O gap na prevalência conforme sexo aumentou para o não uso de preservativo, e para os outros aumentou. O gap entre grupos de renda diminuiu para iniciação sexual < 16 anos e aumentou para episódios de embriaguez. Apesar da tendência de diminuição na prevalência dos comportamentos de risco, as desigualdades socioeconômicas persistiram.
Construindo pontes: a prática da interdisciplinaridade. Estudo PopTrans: um estudo com travestis e mulheres transexuais em Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Dourado Ines , Silva Luís Augusto V. da , Magno Laio , Lopes Maycon , Cerqueira Caio , Prates Adriana , Brignol Sandra , MacCarthy Sarah
Published: October 2016

Resumo: Pessoas trans, incluindo travestis, mulheres transexuais, apresentam taxas desproporcionalmente elevadas de HIV/AIDS em comparação com o restante da população. Entretanto, são poucos os estudos quantitativos/qualitativos com pessoas trans no Brasil. Assim, uma equipe de pesquisadores de diferentes áreas desenvolve um projeto de pesquisa interdisciplinar com o objetivo de conhecer as condições e os modos de vida, e ao mesmo tempo investigar fatores determinantes da infecção pelo HIV, sífilis e hepatites B e C entre travestis e mulheres transexuais. Neste artigo, pretende-se descrever a experiência de implantação e desenvolvimento do estudo com uma abordagem etnoepidemiológica em Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. O mapeamento da população começou com uma pesquisa formativa que foi crucial para orientar o inquérito epidemiológico. A produção de dados etnoepidemiológicos é um desafio cotidiano para os pesquisadores, produzindo uma série de reflexões sobre os limites de nossos conceitos e categorias para traduzir a diversidade de práticas e experiências das participantes da pesquisa.