bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Layered Antiferromagnetic Ordering in the Most Active Perovskite Catalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Lim Tingbin , Niemantsverdriet J. W. (Hans) , Gracia Jose
Published: August 2016

We have performed an in‐depth ab initio study of the magnetic structure within the most active perovskites for the oxygen evolution reaction. In all cases, the ground state exhibits an extended antiferromagnetic coupling in the unit cell. Layered antiparallel alignment of the magnetic moments appears to be related to their electrocatalytic activity. All the perovskites calculated within this paper show space‐separated charge‐transport channels depending on the spin orientation. Comparing the electronic structures with the reported activities, we find a direct correlation between the magnetic accumulation on the spin channels in the bulk material and the catalytic activity. We discuss the possible implications of such observations in terms of magnetic interactions. During oxygen evolution in water electrolysis, reactants and products do not preserve spin. For triplet state oxygen to evolve, the catalyst at the anode can speed up the reaction if it is able to balance the magnetism of the oxygen molecule by extracting electrons with an opposite magnetic moment, conserving the overall spin.
A Pd/CeO2 “H2 Pump” for the Direct Amination of Alcohols
Authors: Yan Zhen , Tomer Ajay , Perrussel Gaetan , Ousmane Mohamad , Katryniok Benjamin , Dumeignil Franck , Ponchel Anne , Liebens Armin , Pera‐Titus Marc
Published: August 2016

A Pd/CeO2 catalyst with a prominent reversible H2 storage capacity revealed a high activity and selectivity in the direct amination of benzyl alcohol with aniline and ammonia via the borrowing hydrogen mechanism.
Recent Developments in the Nitroxide‐Catalyzed Oxidation of Amines: Preparation of Imines and Nitriles
Authors: Bartelson Ashley L. , Lambert Kyle M. , Bobbitt James M. , Bailey William F.
Published: August 2016

This Concept highlights the discovery and developments in the oxidations of amines catalyzed by TEMPO (2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinyl‐N‐oxyl) and related catalytic systems. The most important feature of these systems is that, with slight modifications in the reaction media, amines are selectively oxidized to either an imine or nitrile. Progress made toward the oxidation of various benzylic, allylic, and aliphatic amines, and possible reaction mechanism pathways are discussed.
Insights into Deactivation and Regeneration of an Industrial Cu/Ni/Cr‐Al2O3 Catalyst During Aldehyde Hydrogenation
Authors: Reinsdorf Arne , Korth Wolfgang , Jess Andreas , Terock Michael , Klasovsky Florian , Franke Robert
Published: August 2016

The deactivation of a heterogeneous Cu/Ni/Cr‐Al2O3 aldehyde hydrogenation catalyst was studied using n‐nonyl aldehyde as model reactant. The reaction network was experimentally determined in batch experiments at 180 °C and 25 bar with either fresh or spent catalyst and also w/o the presence of the catalyst. Accelerated aging was applied to stress the fresh catalyst under model reaction conditions for characterization and comparison to a spent catalyst from an industrial plant. The catalyst structure and morphology were studied by XRD and TEM/EDX. The carbon residues that strongly adsorb on the catalyst surface during hydrogenation were analyzed by BET, TGA, extraction, and chemical disintegration. The amount of strongly adsorbed heavy hydrocarbons was 10 w % for the spent catalyst, causing a decrease in pore volume by 30 %. Regeneration of the catalyst was successfully conducted via oxidation of the carbon residues.
Carbon Dioxide Based N‐Formylation of Amines Catalyzed by Fluoride and Hydroxide Anions
Authors: Hulla Martin , Bobbink Felix D. , Das Shoubhik , Dyson Paul J.
Published: August 2016

We described herein a simple approach for N‐formylation with CO2 and hydrosilane reducing agents. Fluoride and hydroxide salts efficiently catalyzed the reaction, principally through activation of the hydrosilanes, which led to hydrosilane reactivities comparable to those of NaBH4/LiAlH4. Consequently, the N‐formylation of amines with CO2 could be achieved at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The mechanism of these anionic catalysts contrasts that of the currently reported systems, for which activation of CO2 is the key mechanistic step. Using tetrabutylammonium fluoride as a simple ammonium salt catalyst, the N‐formylated products of both aliphatic and aromatic amines could be obtained in excellent yields with high selectivities.
Electrocardiographic Time to Intrinsicoid Deflection and Heart Failure: The Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: O'Neal Wesley T. , Qureshi Waqas T. , Nazarian Saman , Kawel‐Boehm Nadine , Bluemke David A. , Lima Joao A.C. , Soliman Elsayed Z.
Published: August 2016

Background

Time to intrinsicoid deflection (ID), the time from onset of the QRS complex to the peak of the R wave on the electrocardiogram, represents delayed ventricular activation and suggests that impaired myocardial function is present. It is unknown whether delayed time to ID is predictive of future heart failure (HF) events.

Hypothesis

Delayed time to ID is predictive of future HF events.

Methods

A total of 6394 participants (mean age, 62 ± 10 years; 54% women; 38% whites, 28% blacks, 22% Hispanics, 12% Chinese Americans) without clinically apparent cardiovascular disease or major ventricular conduction delay (QRS ≥120 ms) from the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis were included. Time to ID was automatically measured from baseline electrocardiograms (2000–2002) as the maximum value in leads V5
and V6
. Cox regression was used to compute hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between time to ID and HF.

Results

Over a median follow‐up of 11.2 years, a total of 217 (3.4%) participants developed HF (incidence rate per 1000 person‐years: 3.33, 95% CI: 2.91‐3.80). In a multivariable Cox regression analysis adjusted for demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, and potential confounders, each 10‐ms increase in maximum time to ID was associated with an increased risk for HF (HR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.15‐1.74). The results remained similar when stratified by age, sex, and race/ethnicity.

Conclusions

Delayed time to ID is able to identify individuals at risk for developing HF before major ventricular conduction delays (eg, bundle branch block) are evident.
Flavonoids and Naphthoflavonoids: Wider Roles in the Modulation of Cytochrome P450 Family 1 Enzymes
Authors: Dong Jinyun , Zhang Qijing , Cui Qing , Huang Guang , Pan Xiaoyan , Li Shaoshun
Published: August 2016

The human cytochrome P450 family 1 enzymes consist of three members, CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1, which are predominantly involved in the phase I metabolism of xenobiotics. Because they have been implicated in carcinogenesis, cancer progression, and drug resistance, the inhibition of these enzymes has been widely considered an effective oncological therapeutic strategy. Some natural and synthetic flavonoids and naphthoflavonoids have been extensively documented to exert pronounced influence in the modulation of CYP1s, including functioning as inhibitors, substrates, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands. However, the molecular determinants behind these effects are still unknown. This review summarizes the structural features responsible for the CYP1 inhibitory effects of the reported flavonoids and naphthoflavonoids. Additionally, a three‐dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationship (3D‐QSAR) study was performed to better understand the effect of their structural properties on biological activities. We hope this review provides a useful foundation for the rational design of potent and selective CYP1 isozyme inhibitors, thereby accelerating the drug discovery process.
MOS‐only reduced‐order ELIN cochlear channels: comparative performance evaluation
Authors: Houssein Alexandros , Drakakis Emmanuel
Published: August 2016

This paper introduces and applies practical area‐reduction techniques on the analogue, externally linear‐internally nonlinear, complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (CMOS) implementation of a cochlear channel. This channel is constructed on the basis of the biomimetic auditory filter called One‐Zero Gammatone Filter, and it has been synthesised using ultra‐low power Class‐AB biquadratic filters, which employ MOS transistors that operate in their weak inversion regime. The realisation of linear capacitors with appropriately configured MOS transistors, the order reduction of the One‐Zero Gammatone Filter transfer function and the employment of hyperbolic sine companding filters can lead to area reductions that range from 61.8% up to 91.9% of the original size. Comparative simulation results highlight the trade‐offs between performance, linearity, noise and power consumption of the designs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐Assembled Palladium and Platinum Coordination Cages: Photophysical Studies and Anticancer Activity
Authors: Kaiser Felix , Schmidt Andrea , Heydenreuter Wolfgang , Altmann Philipp J. , Casini Angela , Sieber Stephan A. , Kühn Fritz E.
Published: August 2016

Self‐assembled coordination cages are interesting as drug‐delivery systems. Therefore, the synthesis of new M2L4 (M = Pd, Pt) molecular cages derived from highly fluorescent, rigid polyaromatic ligands is reported herein, and the first Pt2L4 cage with a ligand consisting of three pyridine moieties is described. The photophysical properties were examined, and they showed high quantum yields Φ of up to 48 % for the methoxy‐functionalized ligands. Coordination of the ligands to palladium and platinum ions did, however, reduce the fluorescence of the metallocages. The host–guest chemistry of the palladium cages with cisplatin was investigated, which confirmed the encapsulation. The cages encapsulating cisplatin show significantly increased cytotoxicity towards A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma) cells relative to that shown by cisplatin and, thus, appear to be promising delivery vectors for the anticancer drug cisplatin.
Group 11 Metal Complexes with Unsymmetrical Bifunctional Ferrocene Ligands
Authors: Shi Yu‐Jun , Laguna Antonio , Villacampa M. Dolores , Gimeno M. Concepción
Published: August 2016

The reactions of two unsymmetrical P^N (L1) and P^P (L2) ferrocene (Fc) ligands towards group 11 metal complexes were studied. Ligand L1 shows different behavior with the three metals. Gold forms mononuclear derivatives with the metal center coordinated to the phosphorus atom, whereas the reactions with silver(I) or copper(I) complexes afford mononuclear or dinuclear compounds in which both donor atoms, phosphorus and nitrogen, are involved in the coordination to the metal center. The reactions of the diphosphine ligand [Fc(CH2PPh2)(PPh2)] (L2) with gold(I), gold(III), silver(I), or copper(I) complexes afford mono‐, di‐, or trinuclear derivatives. Some homo‐ and heterodinuclear compounds were obtained through the reactions of the mononuclear gold(III) complex [Au(C6F5)3{Fc(CH2PPh2)(PPh2)}] (6), in which one of the phosphorus atoms is free, with gold(I), gold(III), and silver(I) deriiivatives. Some of these derivatives were characterized by X‐ray diffraction analysis.
Identification of Bremia lactucae and Oidium neolycopersici proteins extracted for intact spore MALDI mass spectrometric biotyping
Authors: Beinhauer Jana , Lenobel René , Loginov Dmitry , Chamrád Ivo , Řehulka Pavel , Sedlářová Michaela , Marchetti‐Deschmann Martina , Allmaier Günter , Šebela Marek
Published: August 2016

Several proteomic approaches were applied to identify protein markers providing typical signals during intact cell/spore (IC/IS) MALDI‐TOF MS of two plant pathogens, namely Bremia lactucae (a downy mildew) and Oidium neolycopersici (a powdery mildew). First, proteins were extracted from intact spores of the microorganisms under conditions simulating their treatment prior to the mass spectrometric analysis. After a separation by electrophoresis and tryptic digestion, 198 and 140 proteins were identified in the B. lactucae and O. neolycopersici extracts, respectively. A large portion of them were found to be involved in the process of protein biosynthesis. For the first time, some proteins were assigned to characteristic signals in MS profiles of the investigated pathogens based on an agreement in the molecular mass. There were 9 and 10 proteins recognized, respectively, which could contribute significantly to the spectral patterns. These proteins were assigned tentatively to the following peaks in the MS profiles: (i) m/z 7828; 8593; 10 456; 11 312; 12 450; 12 763; 14 756 and 16 854 for B. lactucae; (ii) m/z 7709; 8895; 9504; 9952; 11 317; 14 082 and 14 839 for O. neolycopersici. We demonstrated the presence of ribosomal proteins and histones, which could be employed as markers in biotyping analyses for pathogen identification.
A finite element model for seismic response analysis of deformable rocking frames
Authors: Vassiliou Michalis F. , Mackie Kevin R. , Stojadinović Božidar
Published: August 2016

A new finite element model to analyze the seismic response of deformable rocking bodies and rocking structures is presented. The model comprises a set of beam elements to represent the rocking body and zero‐length fiber cross‐section elements at the ends of the rocking body to represent the rocking surfaces. The energy dissipation during rocking motion is modeled using a Hilber–Hughes–Taylor numerically dissipative time step integration scheme. The model is verified through correct prediction of the horizontal and vertical displacements of a rigid rocking block and validated against the analytical Housner model solution for the rocking response of rigid bodies subjected to ground motion excitation. The proposed model is augmented by a dissipative model of the ground under the rocking surface to facilitate modeling of the rocking response of deformable bodies and structures. The augmented model is used to compute the overturning and uplift rocking response spectra for a deformable rocking frame structure to symmetric and anti‐symmetric Ricker pulse ground motion excitation. It is found that the deformability of the columns of a rocking frame does not jeopardize its stability under Ricker pulse ground motion excitation. In fact, there are cases where a deformable rocking frame is more stable than its rigid counterpart. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shaking table tests on dome‐roof adobe houses
Authors: Bakhshi Ali , Ghannad MohammadAli , Yekrangnia Mohammad , Masaeli Hamid
Published: August 2016

This paper presents the results of an experimental work in order to evaluate the performance of a novel proposed retrofitting technique on a typical dome‐roof adobe building by shaking table tests. For this purpose, two specimens, scaled 2:3, were subjected to a total of nine shaking table tests. The unretrofitted specimen, constructed by common practice, is designed to evaluate seismic performance and vulnerability of dome‐roof adobe houses. The retrofitted specimen, exactly duplicating the first specimen, is retrofitted based on the results obtained from unretrofitted specimen tests, and the improvement in seismic behavior of the structure is investigated. Zarand earthquake (2005) Chatrood Station is selected as the input ground motion that was applied consecutively at 25, 100, 125, 150 and 175% of the design‐level excitation. At 125% excitation level, the roof of the unretofitted specimen collapsed due to the walls' out‐of‐plane action and imbalanced forces. The retrofitting elements consist of eight horizontal steel rods drilled into the walls, passed through the specimen and bolted on the opposite wall surfaces. To improve walls in‐plane seismic performance, welded steel mesh without using mortar, covered less than half area of walls on the external face of the walls, is used. In addition to strain gauges for recording steel rod responses, several instrumentations including acceleration and displacement transducers are implemented to capture response time histories of different parts of the specimens. The corresponding full‐scaled retrofitted prototype tolerated peak acceleration of 0.62 g almost without any serious damage. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Soil moisture causes dynamic adjustments to root reinforcement that reduce slope stability
Authors: Hales Tristram C. , Miniat Chelcy F.
Published: August 2016

In steep soil‐mantled landscapes, the initiation of shallow landslides is strongly controlled by the distribution of vegetation, whose roots reinforce the soil. The magnitude of root reinforcement depends on the number, diameter distribution, orientation and the mechanical properties of roots that cross potential failure planes. Understanding how these properties vary in space and time in forests remains a significant challenge. Here we test the hypothesis that spatio‐temporal variations in root reinforcement along a hillslope occur as a function of topographic soil moisture gradients. To test this hypothesis we compared root reinforcement measurements from relatively dry, divergent noses to relatively wet, convergent hollows in the southern Appalachian Mountains, North Carolina, USA. Our initial results showed that root reinforcement decreased in areas of higher soil moisture because the tensile strength of roots decreased. A post hoc laboratory experiment further demonstrated that root tensile strength decreased as root moisture content increased. This effect is consistent with other experiments on stem woods showing that increased water content in the cell wall decreases tensile strength. Our experimental data demonstrated that roots can adjust to changes in the external root moisture conditions within hours, suggesting that root moisture content will change over the timescale of large storm events (hours–days). We assessed the effects of the dynamic changes in root tensile strength to the magnitude of apparent cohesion within the infinite slope stability model. Slopes can be considerably less stable when precipitation‐driven increases in saturated soil depth both increase pore pressures and decrease root reinforcement. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors influencing sialocele or salivary fistula formation postparotidectomy
Authors: Britt Christopher J. , Stein Andrew P. , Gessert Thomas , Pflum Zach , Saha Sandeep , Hartig Gregory K.
Published: August 2016

Background

Does the extent of parotidectomy or other patient or tumor characteristics influence the rate of sialocele/salivary fistula formation?

Methods

All patients who underwent parotidectomy at the University of Wisconsin from 1994 to 2013 were considered. Patients who developed a sialocele/salivary fistula were identified. Extent of dissection, age, sex, body mass index (BMI), volume of specimen, and rate of malignancy were examined.

Results

Seventy of 771 patients (9.1%) developed a sialocele/salivary fistula. Sixty‐seven fistulae (96%) developed within 1 month and all resolved by 6 months. Age, sex, pathology, and BMI were not increased in the sialocele group. Inferior and middle superficial parotidectomy had a significantly higher rate of sialocele than other extents of dissection. Volume of tissue removed was not significantly different between dissection groups.

Conclusion

Sialocele/salivary fistula is common postparotidectomy and is more likely with inferior and middle superficial parotidectomy. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 387–391, 2017
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN BREAST‐FEEDING, CO‐SLEEPING, AND SOMATIC COMPLAINTS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD
Authors: Peters Elisabeth Maria , Lusher Joanne Marie , Banbury Samantha , Chandler Chris
Published: August 2016

The central aim of this study was to expand a limited body of knowledge on the complex relationship between breast‐feeding, co‐sleeping, and somatic complaints in early childhood. An opportunity sample of 98 parents from the general population with children aged 18 to 60 months consented to participate in the study. Each parent completed a series of questionnaires measuring somatic complaints, sleep problems, co‐sleeping, breast‐feeding, and demographic factors. Findings indicated that co‐sleeping was associated with increased somatic complaints and that breast‐feeding associated with decreased somatic complaints. Co‐sleeping also was found to be associated with an increase in sleep problems. Boys demonstrated significantly higher levels of sleep problems than did girls. These findings highlight the relationship between co‐sleeping during early childhood, which could have implications for prevention, treatment, and intervention regarding somatic complaints and sleep problems in early childhood.
Vitamin E mitigates cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity due to reversal of oxidative/nitrosative stress, suppression of inflammation and reduction of total renal platinum accumulation
Authors: Darwish Mostafa A. , Abo‐Youssef Amira M. , Khalaf Marwa M. , Abo‐Saif Ali A. , Saleh Ibrahim G. , Abdelghany Tamer M.
Published: August 2016

Cisplatin (CP) is one of the most effective chemotherapeutic agents. Unfortunately, CP‐induced nephrotoxicity hampered its use. This study aims to investigate the effect of vitamin E (Vit E) on CP‐induced nephrotoxicity. Male white albino rats were divided to four group's six rats each and received either, 1% tween 80 in normal saline or Vit E (75 mg/kg) per day for 14 consecutive days or a single injection of CP (6 mg/kg) alone or CP (6 mg/kg) together with Vit E (75 mg/kg per day for 14 consecutive days). Five days after the CP injection, rats were euthanized; blood samples were collected; kidneys were dissected; and biochemical, immunohistochemical, and histological examinations were performed. Our results revealed that CP treatment significantly increased serum levels of creatinine and urea. Moreover, reduced glutathione (GSH) content as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were significantly reduced with concurrent increase in kidney malondialdehyde (MDA) content following CP treatment. Vit E successfully lowered serum levels of urea and creatinine, enhanced creatinine clearance and diuresis, and normalized relative kidney/body weight. Furthermore, Vit E successfully normalized renal MDA and nitrite concentrations, elevated GSH level, and restored CAT and SOD activities in renal tissues. Histopathological examination of rat kidney revealed that Vit E significantly mitigated CP‐induced renal damage. Importantly, administration of Vit E reduced kidney total platinum concentration indicating a role of platinum renal accumulation on the ability of Vit E to protect against CP nephrotoxicity.
Effects of Cognitive Distortions on the Link Between Dating Violence Exposure and Substance Problems in Clinically Hospitalized Youth
Authors: Miller Adam Bryant , Williams Caitlin , Day Catherine , Esposito‐Smythers Christianne
Published: August 2016

Purpose

The purpose of the present study was to examine whether cognitive distortions (e.g., cognitive errors; negative views of self, world, and future) influence the association between dating violence and problematic substance use behaviors in a sample of psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents.

Method

Participants included 155 adolescents, aged 13–17 years, who had initiated dating. Adolescents completed measures of dating violence, substance‐related problems (alcohol and marijuana), and cognitive distortions.

Results

Logistic regressions were conducted to examine the direct and interactive effects of dating violence exposure and cognitive distortions on likelihood of recent problematic substance use. Results suggested a main effect of dating violence on problematic alcohol and other drug use as well as an interactive effect of dating violence and cognitive distortions. Specifically, the relationship between dating violence and odds of substance‐related problems was higher among those with greater (vs. fewer) cognitive distortions.

Conclusion

Study results suggest the need for careful screening of cognitive distortions among adolescent dating violence victims, particularly those in mental health treatment.
Suspects' consistency in statements concerning two events when different question formats are used
Authors: Deeb Haneen , Vrij Aldert , Hope Lorraine , Mann Samantha , Granhag Pär‐Anders , Lancaster Gary L. J.
Published: August 2016

Lie detection research has typically focused on reports about a single event. However, in many forensic and security contexts, suspects are likely to report on several events, some of them may be untruthful. This presents interviewers with the challenge of detecting which reports are true and which are not. Varying question format in a second interview, we examined differences in liars' and truth‐tellers' statement consistency about two events. One hundred and fifty participants viewed a meeting in which a noncritical and a critical event were discussed. Truth‐tellers were instructed to be honest in their reports about both events, whereas liars had to lie about the critical event. In the first interview, all participants provided a free recall account. In a second interview, participants either gave another free recall account or responded to specific questions presented sequentially (concerning one event at a time) or nonsequentially (concerning both events simultaneously). Liars' accounts featured fewer repetitions than truth‐tellers for both events, particularly in response to questions presented in nonsequential order. The implications for the use of this question format are discussed.
MicroRNA expression profiles in patients with acute Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever reveal possible adjustments to cellular pathways
Authors: Demir Zekiye Cemre , Bastug Aliye , Bodur Hurrem , Ergunay Koray , Ozkul Aykut
Published: August 2016

Several viral diseases are associated with altered microRNA (miRNA) expression, which can provide vital information about how cellular pathways respond to infection. However, the miRNA profile of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHFV) infections are not known. To address this gap, we performed real‐time PCR‐based miRNA analysis in individuals with acute Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHFV) infections, with the goal of identifying pathways that might be associated with this disease. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were analysed in eight individuals with detectable viral RNA and compared to five healthy subjects. A total of 106 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified, of which 19 miRNAs were either fivefold prominently up‐ or down‐regulation. Several miRNAs associated with cytokine expression, some of which were previously associated with Dengue and Hantavirus infections were revealed. Moreover, possible mechanisms related to secretion of adhesion molecules and viral escape from innate immunity were identified. Pathway enrichment analyses further revealed the putative involvement of TNF‐alfa, TGF‐beta, MAPK, WNT, and neurotrophin signaling pathways in disease pathogenesis. J. Med. Virol. 89:417–422, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improvement of erythema dyschromicum perstans using a combination of the 1,550‐nm erbium‐doped fractionated laser and topical tacrolimus ointment
Authors: Wolfshohl Jon A. , Geddes Elizabeth R.C. , Stout Ashlyn B. , Friedman Paul M.
Published: August 2016

Background and Objective

Erythema dyschromicum perstans (EDP) is a cosmetically distressing, acquired pigmentary disorder of unknown etiology for which few successful therapies exist. Herein, we present the successful use of non‐ablative fractional photothermolysis in combination with topical tacrolimus ointment.

Study Design/Patients and Methods

A 35‐year‐old female with biopsy‐confirmed EDP underwent a series of fractionated non‐ablative treatment sessions utilizing the 1,550 nm erbium‐doped fiber laser in combination with topical tacrolimus ointment over a period of 5 months.

Results

The patient's EDP improved by greater than 75% and results were maintained at the 8‐month follow‐up visit.

Conclusion

The combination of non‐ablative fractional photothermolysis and topical tacrolimus ointment is a potential safe and effective therapeutic option for erythema dyschromicum perstans. Additional prospective, comparative studies are warranted. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:60–62, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Using synchrotron X‐ray phase‐contrast micro‐computed tomography to study tissue damage by laser irradiation
Authors: Robinson Alan M. , Stock Stuart R. , Soriano Carmen , Xiao Xianghui , Richter Claus‐Peter
Published: August 2016

Background and Objective

The aim of this study was to determine if X‐ray micro‐computed tomography could be used to locate and characterize tissue damage caused by laser irradiation and to describe its advantages over classical histology for this application.

Study Design/Materials and Methods

A surgical CO2 laser, operated in single pulse mode (100 milliseconds) at different power settings, was used to ablate different types of cadaveric animal tissues. Tissue samples were then harvested and imaged with synchrotron X‐ray phase‐contrast and micro‐computed tomography to generate stacks of virtual sections of the tissues. Subsequently, Fiji (ImageJ) software was used to locate tissue damage, then to quantify volumes of laser ablation cones and thermal coagulation damage from 3D renderings of tissue image stacks. Visual comparisons of tissue structures in X‐ray images with those visible by classic light microscopy histology were made.

Results

We demonstrated that micro‐computed tomography could be used to rapidly identify areas of surgical laser ablation, vacuolization, carbonization, and thermally coagulated tissue. Quantification and comparison of the ablation crater, which represents the volume of ablated tissue, and the thermal coagulation zone volumes were performed faster than we could by classical histology. We demonstrated that these procedures can be performed on fresh hydrated and non‐sectioned plastic embedded tissue.

Conclusion

We demonstrated that the application of non‐destructive micro‐computed tomography to the visualization and analysis of laser induced tissue damage without tissue sectioning is possible. This will improve evaluation of new surgical lasers and their corresponding effect on tissues. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:866–877, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of a novel device, high‐intensity focused ultrasound with a contact cooling for subcutaneous fat reduction
Authors: Lee Heun Joo , Lee Mi‐Hye , Lee Su Gun , Yeo Un‐Cheol , Chang Sung Eun
Published: August 2016

Background

Non‐invasive devices for fat reduction involving high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) are attracting attention. HIFU can deliver energy to the desired depth and can ablate subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), but purpura and pain may still limit its use.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a novel HIFU device for fat destruction with a contact cooling system compared to HIFU without contact cooling.

Methods

A group of three pigs were administered a series of four HIFU treatments with or without contact cooling over a period of 12 weeks. Energy fluence parameters ranged from 60 to 300 J/cm2. Immediately after the treatment and at 1, 4, and 12 weeks, the tissue was studied by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Masson‐trichrome, toluidine blue, CD68 staining, and transmission electron microscopy. Three human volunteers also received treatment with this HIFU device with cooling and were evaluated subjectively and objectively by computed tomography (CT).

Results

HIFU treatment with a contact cooling decreased the skin surface temperature and prevented epidermal damage. Ecchymosis was observed on the non‐cooled area immediately after HIFU treatment, but not on the cooled area. Histological analyses on both areas (cooled and non‐cooled) revealed disrupted adipocytes in the treatment area immediately, at 1 and 4 weeks following treatment. Lipophagic histiocytic fat necrosis was evident at 4 weeks. Finally, at 12 weeks all inflammation subsided, and the lobules were markedly atrophied with reduced SAT thickness. The human volunteers experienced reduction of a few centimeter‐range reduction in waist circumference after 4 weeks and pain was tolerable without bruising.

Conclusions

HIFU treatment with a cooling system efficiently destroyed adipocytes. This novel HIFU device with an added contact cooling system may provide an effective, safe and less painful treatment as a non‐invasive device for fat reduction. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:878–886, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Durable, Washable, and Flexible Conductive PET Fabrics Designed by Fiber Interfacial Molecular Engineering
Authors: Liu Xuqing , Guo Ruisheng , Shi Yuxi , Deng Libo , Li Yi
Published: August 2016

Conductive fibers and fabrics are an essential part of wearable electronics and devices. How to fabricate durable conductive substrate is still a huge challenge to the application and commercialization of wearable electronics. Here an effective and economic process to obtain conductive yarns and fabrics localized copper plating onto synthesized polymers: poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is reported. The active interface is created via plasma treatment to generate active chemical groups on PET substrate, which react with atomic transfer radical polymerization initiator for the following polymerization. The Pd ion entrapped by polymer brushes are then reduced in situ and the Pd0 species act as a catalytic seed layer for following electroless copper nanoparticles growth on the active interface. Scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, field emission gun scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy are used to characterize the samples in this process, and the copper loading is quantified by weight. The morphology and composition analysis shows that the copper coating on PET fabrics is compact and continuous, which leads to excellent electronic conductivity. The copper coating obtained in this polymer brushes bridged process can pass through the hand washing challenge, and shows excellent adhesion with PET substrate.

image
A survey of metabolic changes in potato leaves by NMR‐based metabolic profiling in relation to resistance to late blight disease under field conditions
Authors: Tomita Satoru , Ikeda Seishi , Tsuda Shogo , Someya Nobutaka , Asano Kenji , Kikuchi Jun , Chikayama Eisuke , Ono Hiroshi , Sekiyama Yasuyo
Published: August 2016

Non‐targeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)‐based metabolic profiling was applied to potato leaves to survey metabolic changes associated with late blight resistance under field conditions. Potato plants were grown in an experimental field, and the compound leaves with no visible symptoms were collected from 20 cultivars/lines at two sampling time points: (i) the time of initial presentation of symptoms in susceptible cultivars and (ii) 12 days before this initiation. 1H NMR spectra of the foliar metabolites soluble in deuterium oxide‐ or methanol‐d4‐based buffers were measured and used for multivariate analysis. Principal component analysis for six cultivars at symptom initiation showed a class separation corresponding to their levels of late blight resistance. This separation was primarily explained by higher levels of malic acid, methanol, and rutin and a lower level of sucrose in the resistant cultivars than in the susceptible ones. Partial least squares regression revealed that the levels of these metabolites were strongly associated with the disease severity measured in this study under field conditions. These associations were observed only for the leaves harvested at the symptom initiation stage, but not for those collected 12 days beforehand. Subsequently, a simple, alternative enzymatic assay for l‐malic acid was used to estimate late blight resistance, as a model for applying the potential metabolic marker obtained. This study demonstrated the potential of metabolomics for field‐grown plants in combination with targeted methods for quantifying marker levels, moving towards marker‐assisted screening of new cultivars with durable late blight resistance. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vivo diffusion‐tensor MRI of the human heart on a 3 tesla clinical scanner: An optimized second order (M2) motion compensated diffusion‐preparation approach
Authors: Nguyen Christopher , Fan Zhaoyang , Xie Yibin , Pang Jianing , Speier Peter , Bi Xiaoming , Kobashigawa Jon , Li Debiao
Published: August 2016

Purpose

To optimize a diffusion‐prepared balanced steady‐state free precession cardiac MRI (CMR) technique to perform diffusion‐tensor CMR (DT‐CMR) in humans on a 3 Tesla clinical scanner

Methods

A previously developed second order motion compensated (M2) diffusion‐preparation scheme was significantly shortened (40%) yielding sufficient signal‐to‐noise ratio for DT‐CMR imaging. In 20 healthy volunteers and 3 heart failure (HF) patients, DT‐CMR was performed comparing no motion compensation (M0), first order motion compensation (M1), and the optimized M2. Mean diffusivity (MD), fractional anisotropy (FA), helix angle (HA), and HA transmural slope (HATS) were calculated. Reproducibility and success rate (SR) were investigated.

Results

M2‐derived left ventricular (LV) MD, FA, and HATS (1.4 ± 0.2 μm2/ms, 0.28 ± 0.06, −1.0 ± 0.2 °/%trans) were significantly (P < 0.001) less than M1 (1.8 ± 0.3 μm2/ms, 0.46 ± 0.14, −0.1 ± 0.3 °/%trans) and M0 (4.8 ± 1.0 μm2/ms, 0.70 ± 0.14, 0.1 ± 0.3 °/%trans) indicating less motion corruption and yielding values more consistent with previous literature. M2‐derived DT‐CMR parameters had higher reproducible (ICC > 0.85) and SR (82%) than M1 (ICC = 0.20–0.85; SR = 37%) and M0 (ICC = 0.20–0.30; SR = 11%). M2 DT‐CMR was able to yield HA maps with smooth transmural transition from endocardium to epicardium.

Conclusion

The proposed M2 DT‐CMR reproducibly yielded bulk motion robust estimations of mean LV MD, FA, HA, and HATS on a 3T clinical scanner. Magn Reson Med 76:1354–1363, 2016. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Particle‐scale effects on global axial and torsional interface shear behavior
Authors: Martinez A. , Frost J.D.
Published: August 2016

An extensive literature on the shear behavior of continuum–particulate interfaces has been developed during the last four decades. However, relatively limited work regarding the behavior of interfaces under different loading conditions has been published. This paper presents a discrete element modeling study, along with comparisons from experimental data, of interface behavior under axial and torsional drained loading conditions. Detailed studies allow for links between micro‐scale particle behavior and observed global response to be developed and for the latter to be evaluated in light of particle–particle and particle–continuum interactions. The results of this study indicate that axial and torsional interface shear induce inherently different loading conditions, as shown by the different failure envelopes, stress paths, and induced soil volume changes and deformations. Furthermore, the results presented in this paper indicate that particle‐level mechanisms, such as particle rotations and contact slippage, play different roles in axial and torsional shear. Coordination number, polar histograms, particle displacements, particle rotations, and local void ratio measurements provide further insights into the fabric evolution, loading conditions, and failure mechanisms induced by these two shear modes. This study expands the current understanding of interface behavior and discusses potential improvements to geotechnical systems that leverage the characteristics of different imposed loading conditions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Convergence of a transition probability tensor of a higher‐order Markov chain to the stationary probability vector
Authors: Bozorgmanesh Hassan , Hajarian Masoud
Published: August 2016

In this paper, first we introduce a new tensor product for a transition probability tensor originating from a higher‐order Markov chain. Subsequently, some properties of the new tensor product are explained, and its relationship with the stationary probability vector is studied. Also, similarity between results obtained by this new product and the first‐order case is shown. Furthermore, we prove the convergence of a transition probability tensor to the stationary probability vector. Finally, we show how to achieve a stationary probability vector with some numerical examples and make some comparison between the proposed method and another existing method for obtaining stationary probability vectors. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regional lung ventilation pattern in preschool children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia is modified by bronchodilator response
Authors: Durlak Wojciech , Klimek Małgorzata , Kwinta Przemko
Published: August 2016

Background

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains a significant long‐term complication of prematurity. A standardized method of pulmonary function testing is still not available in preschool children with BPD. We investigated the feasibility of Electrical Impedance Segmentography (EIS) monitoring in this group and the impact of bronchodilator response (BDR) to salbutamol on the pattern of lung ventilation.

Methods

We conducted a follow‐up study of 4‐year‐old premature children who had been treated in the tertiary NICU. The cohort was divided into two groups based on the presence of BPD. EIS monitoring was performed before and 15 min after the administration of 400 µg of salbutamol (pMDI with spacer) in all subjects during spontaneous tidal breathing in upright position. Data were expressed as median segmental impedance amplitude differences and segmental ventilation inhomogeneity index (II) changes.

Results

We included 51 children in our analysis: 33 with BPD (median birth weight—840 g; median gestational age—27 weeks) and 18 without BPD (1,290 g; 30 weeks, respectively). There was a significant increase in median segmental impedance amplitude after salbutamol in gravity non‐dependent segments in children with BPD: upper left (UL): 462 versus 534 AU; (P = 0.003); upper right (UR): 481 versus 595 AU (P < 0.001) and II in these segments: UL: 0.046 versus 0.078 (P = 0.003) UR: 0.049 versus 0.064 (P = 0.006). There were no changes in the lower segments. There were no changes in ventilation pattern in children without BPD.

Conclusion

BDR to salbutamol increases breath amplitude in gravity non‐dependent segments of the lungs during spontaneous tidal breathing in preschool children with BPD. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:353–359. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Graphene under direct compression: Stress effects and interlayer coupling
Authors: del Corro Elena , Peña‐Álvarez Miriam , Mračko Michal , Kolman Radek , Kalbáč Martin , Kavan Ladislav , Frank Otakar
Published: August 2016

In this work we explore mechanical properties of graphene samples of variable thickness. For this purpose, we coupled a high pressure sapphire anvil cell to a microRaman spectrometer. From the evolution of the G band frequency with stress, we document the importance the substrate has on the mechanical response of graphene. On the other hand, the appearance of disorder as a consequence of the stress treatment has a negligible effect on the high stress behavior of graphene.

Isotopic labeled twisted bilayer graphene under compression characterized by Raman spectroscopy.
How different is pyrimidine as a core component of DNA base from its diazine isomers: A DFT study?
Authors: Chatterjee Subhojyoti , Wang Feng
Published: August 2016

Recent photoemission spectroscopic (X‐ray photoemission spectra) study revealed less dramatic chemical changes for pyrimidine (PyM, 1, 3‐diazine) with in its ionization potential. Present systematic study using density functional theory calculations shows that PyM is indeed quite different from its diazine isomers (PyD, 1, 2‐diazine and PyA, 1, 4‐diazine). It is discovered that the most stable isomer PyM is relaxed from C2V to C1 point symmetry with a total electronic energy deduction of −15.86 kcal.mol−1. Although not substantial, PyM has the smallest molecule shape (electronic spatial extent) and the largest HOMO‐LUMO energy gap of 5.65 eV; only one absorption band in the region of 200–300 nm of the UV‐Vis spectrum but three clusters of chemical shift in the carbon and hydrogen NMR spectra. The energy decomposition analyses revealed that the interaction energy (ΔEInt) of PyM is preferred over PyA by 4.08 kcal.mol−1 and over PyD by 22.32 kcal.mol−1, with the preferred NCN bond revealed by graph theory.
An ultralow‐capacitance bidirectional punch‐through transient voltage suppressor
Authors: Zeng Jie , Jin Hao , Guo Wei , Dong Shurong , Wang Weihuai , Yu Zhihui
Published: August 2016

A bidirectional punch‐through transient voltage suppressor based on a five‐layer N++P+PP+N++ structure is developed. By realizing the device using a 12‐finger layout, transmission line pulse measurements indicate that the device has met the IEC61000‐4‐2 standard with electrostatic discharge robustness of ±8 kV and has an ultralow capacitance value of less than 0.17 pF. Under 3.3 V forward or reverse bias, the device exhibits a leakage current of less than 2 nA. These excellent figures suggest that the developed structure is well suited for actual system‐level protection applications. © 2016 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
International Association for Trauma Surgery and Intensive Care (IATSIC) Presidential Address: Improving Trauma Care Globally: How is IATSIC Doing?
Authors: Mock Charles
Published: August 2016

Abstarct

IATSIC is the foremost professional society addressing trauma care globally. How is it doing in meeting the needs of most injured patients? The vast majority (65 %) of trauma deaths occur in the poorer half of the world (low‐income and lower‐middle‐income countries), where injury rates are the highest. IATSIC has accomplished a tremendous amount and has much to be proud of. However, most of its work thus far has been concentrated in the wealthier half of the world (upper‐middle‐income and high‐income countries). For example, most of the speakers on IATSIC’s biannual program are from upper‐middle‐income and high‐income countries and most of IATSIC’s courses are conducted in these countries. IATSIC’s trauma systems publications have been utilized in countries at all economic levels (including many low‐income and lower middle‐income countries), but much more needs to be done. IATSIC’S foundation is its membership. Only 5 % of our members come from the poorer half of the world. In order to make more of a difference for the majority of injured people in the world, IATSIC needs to expand its reach to where they live. Major priorities are: (1) increase representation from low‐ and lower middle‐income countries in our scientific program; (2) disseminate of our courses more widely; (3) increase utilization of our trauma system publications, especially for higher yield activities, such as longitudinal monitoring of trauma systems, implementation in health policy, and developing curricula for trauma care in medical schools and in post‐graduate training; and (4) especially, recruit new members from low‐ and lower‐middle‐income countries.