bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Modeling of the Influence of FVIII Activity and Heparin Induced Prolongation of APTT
Authors: Mehmedagić Aida , Škrbo Selma , Softić Dženita , Haračić Midhat
Published: May 2018

Anticoagulant therapy is most commonly assessed by measuring the effect of the drug on global clotting assay, such as APTT. It is known that response of the APTT to hepa-rin may be decreased in patients with high levels of factor VIII. In this work, we have attempted to determine in vitro conditions of experiment for obtaining relationship between different concentrations of heparin and values of APTT, and to investigate influence of factor VIII on correlation between concentrations of heparin and APTT. Measurement of the effect of heparin, added in vitro in normal coagulation control plasma (NCCP) showed that heparin in concentrations from 0,1 to 1,0 IU/mL prolonged APTT from 0,73 s to 99,26 s. Linearity of the relation of natural logaritm of APTT and concentration of added heparin in plasma for concentrations from 0,5 to 1,0 IU/mL (r = 0,995), and other characteristics of the validated method (RSD = 1,17%), made possible investigation of the influence of factor VIII addition in the solution. The addition of the Factor VIII concentrate, markedly influenced these APTT results. Increased factor VIII activity shortened the APTT, having more pronounced effect in the presence of the large amounts of heparin. Increased factor VIII was associated with downward shift in the concentration -logAPTT response curve (y = 24,644 x + 30,17 vs. y = 10,864 x + 27,256). This finding suggests the possibility for modeling of ex vivo establishment of correlation between plasma activity of FVIII and needed doses of heparin for appropriate management of heparin therapy
The Relationship Between Suicidal Thoughts and Psychoactive Substances
Authors: Spremo Mira , Loga Slobodan
Published: May 2018

In this study is represented the relationship between suicidal thoughts and psychoactive abuse. In study were involved 202 students of Banjaluka’s secondary schools. By questioner for risky behaviour of adolescents (1) was found 28,7% of them have suicidal thoughts, and 144 haven’t suicidal thoughts. Students from both groups use alcohol but there are not statistically significant differences among groups. The representative sample was 202 students from Banjaluka’s secondary schools. The results showed that 28,7% of them have suicidal ideas. From examined students 20,2% used cannabis, and 4% other psychoactive substances, 56,9% alcohol and 35,6% smoke cigarettes. In the group with suicidal ideas, use of psychoactive substances is 8,6%, alcohol use in 63,7% cases and cannabis 36,2%, and smoking cigarettes in 48,2% cases. We may conclude that misuse of psy-choactive substances is more present in group with suicidal ideas, except in case of alcohol, which was also high in group with suicidal ideas, but without statistical significances. It is also possible to conclude that there is important connection between use of psychoactive substances and presence of suicidal ideas as first step toward a suicide in adolescents.
Modified Pair Technique for Treatment of Hydatid Cysts in the Spleen
Authors: Zerem Enver , Nuhanović Amir , Caluk Jasmin
Published: May 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of single-session sclerotherapy with mixture of alcohol and polidocanol and a subsequent injection of albendazole for devisceration of hydatid cysts in the spleen. Eight patients (four women and four men, average age 22.9±11.4 with hydatid cyst in the spleen were treated with 10 minutes time of exposure to mixture of ethanol 95% and polidocanol 1%. After that, 2 to 5 ml of albendazole was injected into the cyst cavity. Two patients had 2 cysts. At follow-up the patients were examined with clinical and biochemical examinations, ultrasonography, and serologic test for echinococcal antibody titres. The mean hospital stay was 2.5±0.93 days. During the follow-up period, mean cyst diameter decreased from 46±16.4 mm to 13.6±16.26 mm. In all ten cysts, a reduction of post procedural recolection of fluid over 40% was observed. Five cysts (50%) disappeared during the follow-up period. All cysts (5) smaller then 50 mm in diameter disappeared during follow-up period. After an initial rise, the echinococcal-an-tibody titres fell progressively and at the last follow-up were negative (< 1: 160) in 7 (88%) patients. No complications were observed, except for pain, fever and urticaria during the first 24-hours after the procedure. Sclerotherapy using only one session and 10 min time of exposure to the mixture of ethanol and polidocanol, and a subsequent injection of al-bendasole solution represents an effective treatment of hydatid cysts in the spleen. This procedure is even more efficacious for hydatid cyst with diametar smaller then 50mm.
Detection of neurovascular structures using injection pressure in blockade of brachial plexus in rat
Authors: Vučković Ilvana , Hadžić Admir , Dilberović Faruk , Kulenović Amela , Mornjaković Zakira , Zulić Irfan , Divanović Kučuk-Alija , Kapur Eldan , Čosović Esad , Voljevica Alma
Published: May 2018

In the last few decades there has been a great development of regional anesthesia; all the postulates are defined and all the techniques of usage are perfected. However, like any other medical procedure, the block of brachial plexus carries a risk of certain unwanted complications, like possible intraneural and intravascular injections. The reason for great discrepancy between the injury of brachial plexus and other periphery nerves while performing the nerve blockade is the frequent usage of this block, but also the specific proximity of neurovascular structures in axilla. The purpose of this work is to determine the values of pressures which appear in paraneural, intraneural and intravascular injection applications of local anesthetic, and to compare those values in order to avoid cases of intraneural and in-travascular injections in clinical practice with consequential complications. In experimental study there have been used 12 Wistar rats of both genders. After anesthesia with ether and midhumeral access to the neurovascular structures in axilla, the injection of 2% lidocain with epinephrine was performed with the help of automatic syringe charger. The needle was at first placed paraneural, and then also intraneural and intravascular. During every application the pressure values were monitored using the manometer, and then they were analyzed by special software program. All paraneural injections resulted with the pressure between 13,96-27,92 kPa. The majority of intraneural injections were combined with the injection pressure greater than 69,8 kPa, while the intravascular injections were combined with injection pressure less than 6,98 kPa. Based on the available data it can be noticed that so far none of the methods of prevention from unwanted complications of regional anesthesia can insure the avoidance of intraneural and intravascular injection of local anesthetic. Based on our research it is obvious that the measuring of pressure during the nerve blockade is very important in order to decrease the risk of neurological and possible systematic complications. It is also clear that a small, mobile, and financially quite available apparatus for pressure measurement can help in differentiation between paraneural, intra-neural and intravascular injection. Avoiding high injection pressure prevents from lodging the needle into intraneural space, while avoiding a very low injection pressure prevents from lodging the needle into intravascular space followed by consequential complications. The usage of this apparatus can find its application in other blockades of periphery nerves, and in other branches of medicine as well.
Significantly Reduced Salivary Nitric Oxide Synthesis in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Huskić Jasminko , Paperniku Alma , Husić Azra , Alendar Faruk , Mulabegović Nedžad
Published: May 2018

In order to study concentration of nitric oxide (NO) in the saliva of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), we measured the concentration of its stable metabolite nitrite (NO2-) in the saliva of these patients and healthy subjects. We analyzed saliva flow rate and salivary NO concentrations in 16 subjects with Parkinson’s disease and in 16 healthy subjects. Concentration of nitrite was determined by colorimetric method using Griess reaction. Saliva flow rate was significantly lower in patients with Parkinson’s disease (0,2±0,03 mL/min; X±SEM) than in healthy subjects. Salivary NO2-concen-tration was significantly lower (5,0210,64) than in healthy individuals (22,3911,24; p<0,0001).
Sore Shoulder in Physical Practice
Authors: Pecar Džemal , Mujić Muzafer , Pecar Muris
Published: May 2018

Sore shoulder or shoulder region is frequently encountered in general population. According to reference data prevalence ranges between 15 and 20% in 40-45 age group. A weak bone support enables extensive excursions of this joint and simultaneously reduces its stability. We analyzed successfulness of sore shoulder treatment in a sample of 1115 patients treated in the Center for physical medicine and rehabilitation between 1996 and 2004. All the patients reported to the Center either in acute phase or in the phase of chronic state exacerbation, with limited function that was graded on the scale 0 to 5. Type and kind of sore shoulder cause was determined by clinical examination and, where needed, by X-ray. Of the total number of cases, 33 patients did not report for follow up examination, 166 patients were forwarded to other physical therapy centers for treatment so the final analysis included 916 patients (82%) whose treatment success was evaluated on the scale 0 to 5. In 659 (58%) patients the inflammation of musculus biceps long tendon was identified as a cause of sore shoulder. The least frequent cause was the blow syndrome (impingement) -20 (2%). In 666 patients (73%) the problem was resolved by local instillation of depo corticosteroids (Betamethason 7 mg) so the physical treatment was not required.
Sertraline and Alprazolam in the Treatment of Panic Disorder
Authors: Fišeković Saida , Loga-Zec Svjetlana
Published: May 2018

A compared, 12 week, placebo controlled study, with fixed dose, outpatient study of patients diagnosed with panic disorder with and without agoraphobia according to ICD-10, was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sertraline and alprazolam. The study included 40 patients, divided in two groups. We evaluated number of ICD-10-defined panic attacks, agoraphobia and anticipatory anxiety. All patients were aged 18 year and older and were randomized to either sertraline or alprazolam. Sertraline applied in fixed doses of 20 mg/day and alprazolam in doses 1-1,5 mg/day significantly reduced the frequency of panic attacks in panic disorder patients, reduced symptoms of agoraphobia and anticipatory anxiety
Intraosseous Injection of Clindamycin Phosphate Into the Chronic Apical Lesion of Lower Molar - a Case Report
Authors: Lačević Amela , Prohić Samir , Vranić Edina
Published: May 2018

Periapical disease is the result of bacteria, their product, and the host response to them. Early histological studies of diseased periapical tissue have not been able to demonstrate viable bacteria in the lesions studied. Recent reports indicate that many of periapical lesions are indeed infected before and after endodontic treatment. The validity and applicability of the microbial delivery overcome many disadvantages that we see with systemic drugs. In this case report we presented a novel approach of managing chronic diffuse periapical lesion of lower molar based on specific selection of intracanal medicament in combination with direct periapical injection. We used bacterial culturing and antibiotic sensitivity test to select specific intracanal medicament, in addition we presented an intraosseous injection technique to locally deliver the selected medicament directly into the periapical lesion. Our findings are encouraging and promising. The validity and applicability of the technique needs to be tested in a well controlled clinical trial.
Histological changes of the sciatic nerve in dogs after intraneural application of lidocaine--relation to the established application pressure
Authors: Mornjaković Zakira , Dilberović Faruk , Ćosović Esad , Divanović Kučuk-Alija , Začiragić Asja , Kapur Eldan , Vučković Ilvana
Published: May 2018

Histological changes of sciatic nerve in adult dogs 7 days after single application of 2% lido-caine (4 ml dose, speed of injection 3 ml/min) and measurement of the application pressure was studied, with a goal to investigate structural changes of the nerve in relation to the established pressure values. The application pressure was determined by using Bio Bench software. In intrafascicular puncture an average application pressure of 198.23 ± 52 kPa was found, and in interfascicular puncture its average value was 53.3 ± 17.9 kPa, with a note that individual differences are regularly present. Seven days after the injection, a nerve dissection was performed and serial sections covering the region of injection’s puncture and bordering proximal and distal zones, in the total length of 3 cm, were prepared. The found changed show the presence of nerves’ fibers lesions with a strong reactivity of Schwann’s cell, as well as the change of interstitial structure concerning hypercellularity and occurrence of cellular extravasation. The covering system of the nerve in the zone of epineurium manifests changes of inflammatory process and in perineurium a decomposition of lamella layers and the alteration of their tinctorial properties were noticed. A comparison of the found nerve reactivities in intra- and interfascicular application showed their one-way alteration, although the lesions were more noticeable in the conditions of intrafascicular application. The damages were mostly expressed in the zone of local application of anesthetic, than distally from it, while the damage to the structure in the proximal part is of the smallest degree.
Role of bone scintigraphy and tumor marker-Ca 15-3 in detection of bone metastases in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Begić Amela , Kučukalić-Selimović Elma , Obralić Nermina , Durić Osman , Lačević Nadir , Begović Sadžida , Džubur-Aganović Mirela
Published: May 2018

Breast cancer is one of the most frequent types of cancer affecting women. After hematogenous spreading of cancer, axial skeleton is most frequently involved. Bone scintigraphy is commonly performed in detection and evaluation of bone metastases. In breast cancer, marker Ca15-3 is widely accepted in follow-up and detection of disease recurrence. Aim of the study was to correlate levels of tumor marker Ca 15-3 and presence of bone metastases detected by bone scintigraphy. Study included 25 patients with breast cancer, previously surgically treated. All patients underwent total body scintigraphy. Ca 15-3 was measured by radioimmunoassay. Presence, number and location of bonemetastases were correlated with Ca 15-3 levels. Bone scintigraphy revealed bone metastases in 16 (64%) patients. 11 (44%) patients with metastases and 1 patient (4%) without scintigraphically visible metastases had elevated Ca 15-3 levels. Significant difference in distribution of metastases was found for spine (t=3.930, p=0.008). Correlation between intensity of radiopharmaceutical uptake and level of Ca 15-3 in patients was positive (r =0.405). A weak correlation was found between number of metastases and level of Ca 15-3 (r=0.139). Significant differences in Ca 15-3 level was found in patients with metastases compared to patients without metastases (chi square 0, p =1.0). Since no significant correlation was found between level of Ca 15-3 and number of metastases, we consider scintigraphy an appropriate method for assessment of bone metastases in breast cancer.
Body dissatisfaction: how is it related to stress and one's perception of individual and cultural ideal body? A comparison of Bosnian and American university students
Authors: Šerifović Šejla , L. Dinnel Dale , Sinanović Osman
Published: May 2018

Cultural differences in body dissatisfaction, the relationship of stress to body dissatisfaction and individual and cultural body ideals were investigated. Forty-eight United States women and 48 Bosnian women completed the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), the Impact of Event Scale (IES), and a Body Figure Rating Scale. When Body Mass Index was controlled, United States women demonstrated more body dissatisfaction and chose smaller cultural ideal body sizes than Bosnian women, but did not differ on personal ideal body size ratings. Furthermore, stress was only related to body dissatisfaction for Bosnian women. Additional research is needed to further elaborate the body dissatisfaction differences as they relate to cultural values.
Effects of nebivolol on artery hypertension--multicentre study Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Kušljugić Zumreta , Divković Katarina , Baraković Fahir , Smajić Elnur , Arslanagić Amila , Hadžiomerović Mustafa , Fazlibegović Emir , Midžić Zlatico , Abdović Enes , Krneta Milenko , Čelik Radenko , Bašić Hajro , Avdić Bajro , Delić Adnan , Macić-Džanković Amra , Kečo Nedžad , Boškailo Hajra
Published: May 2018

Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases; drugs that reduce blood pressure and simultaneously improve or reverse endothelian dysfunction, as nebivolol, may be advantageous in terms of cardiovascular protection. The objective of this study is to show the anti-hypertensive efficacy and safety of nebivolol (5 mg once a day) given to patients with arterial hypertension for 3 months. It should also provide information about drug's influence on laboratory tests--fasting blood glucose and serum cholesterol, triglyceride and creatinine concentrations. Six centers--Tuzla, Sarajevo, Mostar, Bihac, Zenica and Banja Luka participated in this prospective study with follow-up period of 3 months that included 3 visits. The study group consisted of 328 hypertensic patients. Results showed a significant decrease in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate at the end of the study. Fasting blood glucose level and serum cholesterol, triglyceride and creatinine changed significantly during the study, with lower levels of all the tests. Nebivolol seems to be free from some of the problems that generally accompany not only the classical beta- blockers but sometimes also newer classes of antihypertensive drugs. With its high anti-hypertensive efficiency and safety, and presence of statically significant difference in laboratory tests and beneficial effects, absence of adverse interaction with glucose and lipid metabolism, patients treated with Nebivolol may show an optimal adherence to therapy.
The efficacy of supplemental intraosseous anesthesia after insufficient mandibular block
Authors: Prohić Samir , Sulejmanagić Halid , Šečić Sadeta
Published: May 2018

It is a well-known scientific fact that only a small percentage of infiltration of inferior alveolar nerve is clinically proven to be efficient. The objective of this study was to determine the anesthetic efficacy of supplemental intraosseous injection, used after the insufficient classical mandibular block that didn't provide deep pulp anesthesia of mandibular molar planed for extraction. The experimental teeth consisted of 98 mandibular molars with clinical indication for extraction. Based on the history of disease, we indicated the extraction of the tooth. After that each tooth was tested with a electric pulp tester P1. We tested the pulp vitality and precisely determined the level of vitality. After that, each patient received classical mandibular block, and the pulp vitality was tested again. If the pulp tester indicated negative vitality for the certain mandibular molar, and the patient didn't complain about pain or discomfort during the extraction, the molar was extracted and the result was added to anesthetic success rate for the classical mandibular block. If, five minutes after receiving the mandibular block, the pulp tester indicated positive vitality (parameters of vitality) or the patient complained about pain or discomfort (parameters of pain and discomfort), we used the Stabident intraosseous anesthesia system. Three minutes after the application of supplemental intraosseous injection the molar was tested with the pulp tester again. The anesthetic solution used in both anesthetic techniques is lidocaine with 1:100.000 epinephrine. The results of this study indicate that the anesthetic efficacy of the mandibular block is 74.5%, and that supplemental intraosseous anesthesia, applied after the insufficient mandibular block, provides pulpal anesthesia in 94.9% of mandibular molars. The difference between anesthetic efficacy of the classical mandibular block and anesthetic efficacy of the supplemental intraosseous anesthesia, applied after the insufficient mandibular block, is obvious.
Sensory-Motor Index is Useful Parameter in Electroneurographical Diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Perić Zoran , Sinanović Osman
Published: May 2018

It was performed electroneurographic (ENG) studies with surface electrodes and examined nervus medianus (NM) in 60 patients (38 females), average age of 50,28 years (X+/-SD=50,28+/-11), with clinical diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and at least one border or discrete abnormal value of conventional electrophysiological tests. It was also examined 57 healthy individuals (33 females) as control group, average age of 45,65 years (X+/-SD=45,65+/-9,68). The sensitivity and specificity of sensory-motor index (SMI), terminal latency index(TLI) and residual latency (RL) were calculated and compared. SMI is determinate by using following formula: distal distance (DD) (in cm)/distal motor latency (DML) (in ms) + sensory conduction velocity (SCV) (in m/s)/motor conduction velocity (MCV) (in m/s) of NM. SCV of NM was measured by antidromic technique in segment wrist-index finger and MCV of NM in forearm segment above wrist. SMI mean value of control group was 3,45 (X+/-SD=3,45+/-0,45) with lower limit of normal value 2,82 and in patients with CTS 2,13 (X+/-SD=2,13 +/-0,37). The sensitivity of SMI in patients with CTS was 98,51%. SMI is useful parameter in electroneurographical diagnosis of CTS and it's determination is easy and fast and specially important in cases with border or discrete abnormal values of other NM electrophysiological parameters, when SMI values can indicate incipient phase of CTS evolution. In rare cases (about 1%) of CTS with selective NM motor axons affection, SMI may have normal value (false negative result), but DML is always prolonged in this cases. SMI is not dependent on age and DD values in patients with CTS and control subjects.
Down Syndrome and Thyroid Gland
Authors: Hasanhodžić Mensuda , Tahirović Husref , Lukinac Ljerka
Published: May 2018

Down Syndrome (DS) or trisomy 21 (T21) is the most frequent and the best known malformation syndrome associated with mental deficiency that appears in human,. Average incidence of this syndrome is about 1:700 newborns. Numerous researchers noted thyroid disorders in people with Down Syndrome but, clinical symptoms of thyroid dysfunction are difficult to separate from DS phenotype. The aim of this study was to examine the thyroid function in the patients with DS. Our results confirmed higher frequency of thyroid dysfunction in DS patients. Higher values of TSH were found in 60,34% of the examined DS patients, which is significantly higher value comparing with the control group (p<0,01). Compensated hypothyroidism was established in 27,92% of the examined DS patients, and most of those (63,23%) were younger than 6 years. The conclusions emphasize the necessity of implementation of thyroid function screening program in persons with DS, and the need for adequate treatment of its dysfunction. Thus, the symptoms of the disease would be alleviated and better physical and mental fitness ensured.
Inﬂuence of Two Different Types of Cardioplegia on Hemodilution During and After Cardiopulmonary Bypass, Postoperative Chest-Drainage Bleeding and Consumption of Donor Blood Products
Authors: Kacila Mirsad , Schäfer Katrin , Subašić Esad , Granov Nermir , Omerbašić Edin , Kučukalić Faida , Selimović-Mujčić Ermina
Published: May 2018

The aim of this study is to compare the effects of colloidal cardioplegia and blood cardioplegia in patients who underwent cardiac surgical procedures with cardiopulmonary bypass, and to evaluate their influence on hemodilution, bleeding and consumption of donor blood productsin a retrospective clinical study. 100 male patients who underwent cardiac surgical procedure were divided into two groups: 50 patients were administered intermittent normotherm or mild hypotherm (34 degrees C) Calafiore blood cardioplegia with potassium chloride 14,9%; 50 patients were administered one initial doses of cold Kirsch - solution followed from intermittent cold colloidal cardioplegia using hydroxyethyl starch (HES 450/0,7). Hemoglobin values after the first dose of cardioplegia were significantly lower in the HES-group than in the Calafiore- group). After the first dose of cardioplegia platelets count was lower in the HES-group than in the Calafiore-group. Hemoglobin and hematocrit values 24h postoperative were lower in the HES-group than in the Calafiore-group. There was no difference in chest-drainagebleeding 12h and 24h postoperative between the groups. The consumption of donor erythrocyte concentrate and fresh frozen plasma was significantly higher in the HES-than in the Calafiore- group. The choice of either colloidal or blood cardioplegia does not influence the postoperative chest-drainage bleeding. The results suggest that high molecular colloidal cardioplegia with HES-solution is associated with higher hemodilution during and after cardiopulmonary bypass and significantly increases the consumption of donor blood products.
Postnatal - Physiological Research of the Bronchial Receptor System Development on the Isolated Preparation of The Human Trachea In Vitro
Authors: Šukalo Aziz , Islami Hilmi , Shabani Ragib , Dauti Hilmi , Kutllovci Skender , Kastrati Bashkim
Published: May 2018

Research was done on pharmacological-physiological development of the bronchial receptor system on the smooth muscles of trachea in the newborn children, alive-born and stillborn children. Monitored was the response on: acetylcholine, dopamine, histamine and serotonin in different molar concentrations 10(-4), 10(-3), 10(-2), 10 mol/dm(-3), micromol/dm(-3)). Research was done on tonus of tracheal smooth muscles of 23 tracheal preparations taken by autopsy after death from different factors. Based on pharmacological-physiological research on the preparations of human isolated trachea it was find out that: acetylcholine stimulation effect is significant (p>0,01) in 38-41 weeks of pregnancy comparing with that in 30-37 weeks of pregnancy (p>0,01), while dopamine stimulation effect is significant (p>0,05) in 30-37 pregnancy weeks comparing with the effect of acetylcholine and dopamine on the still-born infants of the same pregnancy period (p<0,01). Histaminic receptors were developed during intrauterine life after 38 weeks of pregnancy (p>0,025). Serotonin has caused contraction of the bronchial smooth muscles after 30 pregnancy weeks, but response was not significant (p<0,01). This suggests that cholinergic and adrenergic system of the airways in alive newborn infants develops in parallel intrauterine, contrary to other systems which develop in certain extrauterine life phases.
Osteoarthritis, Application of Physical Therapy Proceduers
Authors: Avdić Dijana , Pecar Džemal , Mujić-Skikić Emela , Pecar Ehlimana
Published: May 2018

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a group of overlapping disorders, which may have different aetiology but similar biological, morphologic and clinical outcome. In osteoarthritis, process will not encompass the joint cartilage only, but the entire joint, including sub-hondral bone, ligaments, capsule, and sinovial membrane and surrounding muscles. Osteoarthritis is a multi-factor disorder of sinovial joints, which occurs as result of mechanical and biological factors, which destabilise normal hondrocyte function, partitioning of cartilage, extra-cellular matrix and sub-hondral bone. The earliest changes, which are restricted to the joint cartilage surface only, do not cause any subjective feeling. The pain in arthrosis occurs (or re-occurs) a bit later, Diagnosis will be determined based on clinical exam as well as signs and symptoms present. Symptomatic and functional treatment of osteoarthritis as one of rheumatic disorders must be taken throughout years, sometimes throughout a lifetime. It encompasses application of many medications and physical therapy procedures.
Research into microscopic structure and essential oils of endemic medicinal plant species Satureja subspicata Bartl. ex Vis. (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Redžić Sulejman , Tuka Mijat , Pajević Anisa
Published: May 2018

In this study we looked into the cells and histological organization of leaves (Saturejae folium) as well as a phyto-chemical composition of overground parts (Saturejae herba) of endemic species Satureja subspicata Bartl. ex Vis. (Lamiaceae) collected during year 2003 on south slopes of mountain Velez in Herzegovina. Microscopic organization was analyzed in wet slides using light microscope. Estimation of stomata index was done according to Ph. Yug. IV. Chemical composition of overground material extracts was determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC) using thymol as a reference. In our research we found the following: Leaf structure of the analyzed species Satureja subspicata points at numerous specificities in anatomical and histological sense. In histological sense, leaf is of ventral type, with differentiated upper and lower epidermis and palisade and spongy tissue in between. Stoma index assigned according to Ph. Yug. IV leads to a conclusion that it is the case of diastitic stomata, which is common feature of most species from Lamiaceae family. Comparative qualitative analysis of essential oils in species Satureja subspicata showed similarities with other species from Lamiaceae family such as Thymus L. (thymol). In fact, we found more common substances that are part of the species Satureja montana L. extract, but in different concentrations.
Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease in Primary Health Care
Authors: Batić-Mujanović Olivera , Zildžić Muharem , Beganlić Azijada
Published: May 2018

Significant increase in mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD) has been seen in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the past decade. Little is known about current secondary preventive practices and treatments among patients with CHD in primary health care. The aims of this study were to evaluate the components of secondary prevention for CHD and to detect possible gender differences. This trial included 70 patients, aged 40-70 years, with established CHD from Family Medicine Teaching Center Tuzla. We evaluated components of secondary prevention(serum total cholesterol and blood pressure levels, smoking habits, body mass index, using aspirin, ACE inhibitors and lipid lowering drugs) in all participants. Results showed that significantly more men than women had diagnosis of CHD. 26/70 (37.14%) patients had myocardial infarction, with significantly higher number of men than women, but more women had angina only. Mean systolic blood pressure was 148.09+/-20.22 and diastolic 91.62+/-10.17 mmHg; mean total cholesterol level was 6.23+/-1.33 mmol/l; mean BMI was 27.9+/-3.32 kg/m(2). Blood pressure was managed according to guidelines in 19 (27.14%), and lipid concentrations in 11 (15.71%) patients. 55/70 (78.71%) patients took aspirin, only 18/70 (25.71%) patients took lipid lowering therapy, and 20/23 (86.96%) patients with heart failure took ACE inhibitors. 16/70 (22.86%) patients were current smokers, only 19/70 (27.14%) patients had healthy body mass index, while 21/70 (30%) patients were obese. Results of this study show a suboptimal secondary prevention in primary health care, which indicate more effective public health messages and changes in the healthcare system that promotes preventive strategies.
Comparison of Vitros Dry Slide Technology for Determination of Lithium Ions with Other Methods
Authors: Serdarević Naﬁja , Malešić Ivan , Kozjek Franc
Published: May 2018

The lithium ions concentration in human serum was determined using Dry-slide technology Vitros 250 Analyser (Ortho Clinical Diagnostic), atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) method Perkin Elmer 403 and ion-selective electrode (ISE) potentiometry AVL 9181. We compared lithium ions results in sample sera between these methods. Our reference method was AAS. We analyzed lithium ions concentration in 23 sera samples of patients after oral administration of lithium carbonate (3x 300mg) Jadran, Galen Laboratory Rijeka, by dry-slide technology, AAS and ISE methods. The quality control, precision, reproducibility and accuracy for Vitros dry slide technology were assessed. We established that the main difference between AAS method and dry slide technology was not statistically significant at p< 0.05 according to Student t-test. Therefore, the dry slide technology may be a useful alternative or it may even replace other methods, such as AAS. The main difference between dry slide technology and ISE methods was statistically significant at p<0.05 using Student t-test. By ISE method, we obtained considerably higher results, which may be explained by the presence of electrolytes or medicaments interfering with lithium ions.
Check List of Symptoms SCL - 90 - R at Persons with Extremities Amputations
Authors: Kapidžić-Duraković Suada , Karabegović Azra , Halilbegović Emir , Čićkušić Amela , Osmanović Nusret , Kudumović Zijada
Published: May 2018

Multidimensional Inventory Check List of Symptoms (SCL-90-r) is based on self-evaluation and it has been used for determination of level of: somatisation, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobias, paranoia and psychosis at persons which are exposed to long term emotional and physical stress. Our goal was to determine relations of physical trauma and psychological changes at persons with lower extremities amputations and to determine factors which influence those changes. Thirty seven persons with lower extremities amputations were examined. The sample included 26 (70.2 %) veterans and 11 (29.7 %) civilians with diseases related amputations. They voluntarily filled Check List of Symptoms SCL-90-r. Symptoms Inventory includes 9 dimensions of primary symptoms: SCL1-somatisation, SCL2-obsessive-compulsive symptoms, SCL3-interpersonal sensitivity, SCL4-depression, SCL5-anxiety, SCL6-hostility, SCL7-phobias, SCL8-paranoia, SCL9-psychosis and SCL10-extra scale. Inventory includes 90 statements, each evaluated with five-level scale of disorder. Every answer is graded with 0-4 points. Thirty seven persons with lower extremities amputations and average chronological age 46.2 +/- 10.92 years were analyzed. Considering marital status 30 (81.1 %) of them were married, 4 (10.8 %) were not married and 3 (8.1 %) were widowers. Considering level of amputation 27 of them (73.0 %) had amputation below knee, 5 (13.5 %) of them amputation above knee and 5 of them (13.5 %) foot amputation. SCL-90-r in both groups determined high level of sensitivity, anxiety, hostility and paranoia. Veterans showed higher level of paranoia comparing to civilians (p<0.002), and younger veterans and married ones had higher level of paranoia comparing to other veterans (p<0.01). Persons with amputations below and above knee showed higher level of paranoia comparing those with foot amputation (p<0.001). Persons with lower extremities amputations have considerably more expressed sensitivity, anxiety, hostility and paranoia. These dimensions are related to age, marital status and level of amputation. These determinants are very helpful for planning and creation of psychological support and rehabilitation of persons with lower extremities amputations.
Stature Estimation for Bosnian Male Population
Authors: Sarajlić Nermin , Cihlarž Zdenko , Elvira Klonowski Eva , Selak Ivan
Published: May 2018

Since 1996, the Trotter and Gleser formulae to determine the stature of recovered missing persons in Bosnia and Herzegovina have been used. The purpose of this study is to develop appropriate stature estimation formulae from the length of the femur, tibia and fibula for use in the Bosnia and Herzegovina to help in identifications of the victims. Research was undertaken on 50 male cadavers, of individuals who died between the ages of 23 to 54 years. The cadaver length was measured and the length of the long bones was obtained from X-ray photographs. The length of the cadavers of the individuals who died after age of 45 years was corrected according to Giles' table. This study established that using Trotter and Gleser's formulae underestimate stature of tall people in the current population of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Smallest standard error of estimate is observed in the formula that uses the sum of the length of femur and fibula. There are no statistically significant differences between the length of the bones from the left and right sides of the body. Therefore, formulae developed from the average length of bone pairs are recommended for use.
Polyradiculoneuritis in Sarajevo During the War
Authors: Đelilović -Vranić Jasminka , Dautović-Krkić Sajma
Published: May 2018

Acute polyradiuloneuritis is acute inflammatory demyelinizing polyneuropathy, with still unknown cause, and which main pathophysiological disorder is degeneration of axons which affects peripheral nerves. Most frequently it occurs as acute, several days or weeks after viral, respiratory or gastrointestinal infections. Survival rate is in the world between 95-98% of cases. The goal of the research is to determine by retrospective study number of cases of acute polyradiculoneuritis during the war in the Sarajevo under the siege and their outcome. In this paper we have analyzed total number of acute polyradiculoneuritis cases within the period since April 1992 until April 1996, when the city of Sarajevo was completely under siege. Diagnostic criteria's besides anamnesis was detailed neurological exam, blood tests, analysis of the cerebrospinal liquor, EMG, ECG and cardiac tests. Within the above mentioned period there was 17 cases of polyradiculoneuritis, 13 male and 4 females, age between 14-65 years. Motor weakness and parestesias was most dominant in clinical image. Number of cases increased during the years and it was greatest during 1995. Previous infections were noted in 6 cases, and 5 of those respiratory, and one case of gastrointestinal. Proteinorahia in liquor was found among 10 cases (4 during first and 6 during the second week of illness). Pathological EMG was found in 8 cases. Milder form of illness had 4 patients, while 13 patients had more severe form. In total 7 patients survived, 2 of them without consequences, 3 with milder and 2 with more severe consequences while in 10 cases there was a lethal outcome.
Correlation Between Bone Scintigraphy and Tumor Markers in Patients with Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Begić Amela , Kučukalić-Selimović Elma , Obralić Nermina , Durić Osman , Lačević Nadir , Skopljak A.
Published: May 2018

A characteristic feature of many cancer types is their ability to metastasise to the skeleton. Bone is the most common site of metastatic invasion, after hematogenous spreading of breast cancer. Early detection of bone metastases is mandatory in the evaluation and management of these patients. Bone scintigraphy is commonly performed in detection and evaluation bone metastases. Tumor markers are present in healthy individuals as well as in patients with malignant diseases but in different concentration. Aim of study was to correlate serum levels of tumor marker Ca (15-3), CEA and presence of bone metastases detected by bone scintigraphy. Study included 25 patients with breast cancer, previously surgically treated. All patients underwent whole body scintigraphy. Ca (15-3) and CEA was measured by radioimmunoassay. Presence, number of bone metastases were correlated with Ca (15-3) and CEA levels. Median age of patients included in study was 50 varying from 30 to 67. Bone scintigraphy revealed bone metastases in 16 (64%) patients. A weak correlation was found between number of metastases and level of Ca (15-3) (r=0.139, p=0.254). Significant differences in Ca (15-3) level was found in patient with metastases compared to patients without metastases (chi square 0, p=1.0). Good correlation was found between number of metastases and serum level of CEA. Correlation between level of two tumor markers Ca (15-3) and CEA was a weak (r = 0.096 , p=0.323). Bone scintigraphy is a sensitive diagnostic toll for detecting breast cancer metastases to bone. Serum levels of tumor markes in isolation can not give complete accuracy about bone metastases.
Urinary System Birth Defects in Surgically Treated Infants in Sarajevo Region of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Aličelebić Selma , Kapić Dina , Mornjaković Zakira
Published: May 2018

Congenital anomalies of the urinary system are relatively common anomalies. In Bosnia and Herzegovina there is no existent unique evidence of congenital anomalies and registries. The aim of this study was to obtain the frequency of different urinary tract anomalies types and their sex distribution among cases hospitalized in the Department of Pediatric Surgery of the University of Sarajevo Clinics Centre, Bosnia and Herzegovina, during the period from January 2002 to December 2006. Retrospective study was carried out on the basis of clinical records. Standard methods of descriptive statistics were performed for the data analysis. Among 289 patients that were surgically treated 62,37% of the patients were male patients, while 37,63% were female patients. Twenty nine different urinary system anomalies types were found in this study. These were: vesicoureteral reflux (99 cases or 30,75%), hypospadias (62 cases or 19,26%), pelviureteric junction obstruction (42 cases or 13,04%), megaureter (35 cases or 10,87%), duplex pelvis and ureter (16 cases or 4,97%), bladder diverticulum (8 cases or 2,48%), ureterocoele (7 cases or 2,17%), stenosis of the external urethral opening (6 cases or 1,86%), ectopic kidney, duplex kidney and pelvis (each 5 cases or 1,55%), polycystic kidneys and urethral stricture (each 4 cases or 1,24%), multicystic kidney (3 cases or 0,93%), kidney agenesis, ureter agenesis, urethral diverticulum, ectopic ureter, horseshoe kidney and fetal kidney (each 2 cases or 0,62%), renal aplasia, urethral atresia, renal cyst, urachal cyst, epispadias, bladder exstrophy, renal hypoplasia, renal malrotation and Prune-Belly syndrome (each 1 case or 0,31%). According to this study, urinary tract anomalies were more common in male than in female patients (62,37%), Generally, the most frequent anomaly type was vesicoureteral reflux in total number of 99 cases, and in females (66 cases), but hypospadias was the most common anomaly in males (62 cases). The anomalies of other systems associated with urinary system anomalies were found in ten cases. These were: cryptorchidism, congenital inguinal hernia, open inner inguinal ring, uterus bicornis unicollis and one case of multiple anomalies.
Effect of Lactate on Insulin Action in Rats
Authors: Hamamdžić Muhidin , Hrabač Boris , Alić Amer , Pašić-Juhas Eva , Hodžić Aida
Published: May 2018

The aim of the study was to explore the effect of lactate on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in rats. Thirty Wistar rats, weighing 250 - 300 g. were arbitrarily divided into one of three groups (n =10): insulin (1 IU/kg) treated group, lactate (80 mg/kg), and insulin plus lactate treated groups. Blood glucose levels were measured in venous samples collected from the tail vein over 3 hour period after insulin or/and lactate administration in 30-minute intervals.To estimate the influence of lactate on insulin blood level, a total of 20 rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 5): saline, insulin, lactate, and insulin plus lactate treated group, respectively.Sixty minutes after the appropriate application of the same doses of insulin, lactate, and lactate plus insulin, as in the previous part of the experiment, plasma insulin and blood glucose levels were determined in blood samples drawn from the abdominal aorta. Lactate in combination with insulin, in comparison to insulin application alone, caused a dramatic increase in plasma insulin level (p<0,001) and more profound hypoglicaemia (p<0,001). The results of this investigation indicate that lactate application significantly increases the rate of glucose uptake from peripheral blood caused by exogenous insulin action. The possible involvement of lactate in the mechanism of enhanced glucose uptake due to insulin action after physical exercise is discussed.
The Role of Nitric Oxide in Resolution of Vasospasam Corresponding with Cerebral Vasospasms after Subarachnoid Haemorrhage: Animal Model
Authors: Dizdarević Kemal
Published: May 2018

Intracranial aneurysmal rupture is the common cause of spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). This haemorrhage is typically diffuse and located in extracerebral subarachnoid space in which main cerebral arterial branches are situated. The intimate and long-term contact of arterial wall and blood products in the closed space causes the cerebral vasospasm as a serious and frequent complication of SAH. It is connected with significant morbidity and mortality due to developing of focal cerebral ischaemia and subsequently cerebral infarction. The aim of our experimental research was to create the animal model of vasospasm using the femoral artery due to examination of reduced basic dilator activity cause in arterial wall after SAH. The important characteristic of major cerebral arteries is their localization in the closed subarachnoid space which enables their to have long-term contact with blood products after haemorrhage. Thirty six femoral arteries (FA) of eighteen female rats weighing about 300 g were used. In vivo, femoral arteries are microsurgically prepared in both inguinal regions in all rats. Eighteen arteries were encompassed by polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) material forming closed tube and autologous blood was injected in the tube around the arterial wall. Additional eighteen arteries, as a control group, were also put in PTFE tube but without exposing to the blood. All rats are left to live for eight days. Afterwards, rats were sacrificed and their arteries were in vitro examined including an isometric tension measurement and histological changes analysis. The tension was measured during application of vasoconstrictors and vasodilatators (nitric oxide, NO). FA exposed to periadventitial blood exhibit hyper reactivity to constrictors (KCl, phenylephrine, acetylcholine) compared to control group. It was also found that NO donor (sodium nitroprusside) diminished arterial spasm induced by blood and vasoconstrictors. In conclusion, FA can be used as a model for vasospasm correlating with cerebral vasospasm after SAH and therefore this model can be utilized in future experiments assessing cerebral vasospasm. The reduced basic dilator activity of spastic femoral artery is caused by an absence of gaseous messenger NO next to the arteries but not by diminished response vasculature to NO. Absence of NO after SAH probably causes the reduced basic dilator activity of cerebral arteries as well. The guanylate-cyclase level in the arterial wall is consequently reduced after SAH primary due to absence of NO but not due to direct reduction of enzyme activities caused by process of blood degradation inside of subarachnoid space.