bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synoptic‐scale and mesoscale controls for tornadogenesis on cold fronts: A generalised measure of tornado risk and identification of synoptic types
Authors: Clark Matthew R. , Parker Douglas J.
Published: September 2020

Environments of tornadic and non‐tornadic narrow cold‐frontal rain bands (NCFRs) are investigated using ERA‐Interim reanalyses for a sample of 114 events over the United Kingdom and Ireland (44 tornadic). The results offer a practical tool for prediction of the likelihood of tornadoes in these potentially high‐impact events. Of 22 analysed parameters, a bulk measure of shear vorticity, and the front‐normal wind component on the cold side of the front, yield the best discrimination between event classes, showing significantly larger values in tornadic events. A generalised measure of tornado probability, p[TN], is obtained using the distribution of points within the two‐dimensional parameter space defined by these parameters. Synoptic situations commonly associated with tornadic NCFRs are identified and conceptual models describing the large‐scale evolution are developed. Most events are associated with developing secondary cyclones (i.e., frontal waves) along trailing cold fronts (≥54.5%), generally within west to southwesterly large‐scale flow. Another significant class of event corresponds to situations where a strong mid‐ to upper‐level jet streak cuts across the front within an amplifying large‐scale flow pattern (upstream ridge building and downstream trough extension), generally within northwesterly flow (27.3%). In frontal waves, tornadoes occurred relatively early in the wave's development and just down‐front of the wave centre, where rapid increases in p[TN] occurred as the wave amplified. In northwesterly flow cases, tornadoes occurred along a well‐defined NCFR bulge close to where the mid‐ to upper‐level jet streak and an associated positive potential‐vorticity anomaly intersected the front. Analysis of a high‐tornadic subset of tornadic events (NCFRs producing ≥7 tornadoes) revealed an even stronger association with frontal waves (72.2% of cases), suggesting that the highest‐impact events are usually associated with secondary cyclogenesis. The possible relevance of identified environmental parameters to candidate vortex‐genesis and tornadogenesis mechanisms within NCFRs and quasi‐linear convective systems is discussed.
Ingenuity of minimally invasive thoracoscopic lobectomy for undiagnosed pulmonary tumour
Authors: Yamanaka Sumitaka , Yoshimatsu Takashi , Miyata Takeaki , Higa Hanae
Published: September 2020

A 51‐year‐old man was referred to our hospital, with a dumbbell‐shaped nodule measuring 40 mm in the right upper lobe of the lung. He was a current smoker with diabetes mellitus and bronchial asthma. The transbronchial biopsy was performed. However, definitive diagnosis was not obtained from the excised specimens. Bacterial culture of bronchial lavage fluid also yielded negative results, including for tuberculosis. After eight months of observation, the tumour had slightly increased in size. Surgery was planned to resect the tumour for definitive diagnosis. Because of the size of the tumour, a lobectomy of the lung was scheduled with the patient's consent. Four small incisions, each less than 1.2 cm long, were made in the chest wall for thoracoscopic surgery. To remove the specimen, we made a 3‐cm longitudinal incision 1 cm below the xiphisternal joint. The patient complained of no chest pain after surgery. The post‐operative course was uneventful.
Output feedback stabilization for a class of high‐order planar systems with an asymmetric output constraint
Authors: Chen Chih‐Chiang
Published: September 2020

This article is concerned with the problem of output feedback stabilization for a class of high‐order planar systems with an asymmetric output constraint. By fully extracting the characteristics of system nonlinearities and introducing a delicate manipulation of sign functions, a new tangent‐type asymmetric barrier Lyapunov function and an exquisite nonsmooth observer are proposed. Based on the presented barrier Lyapunov function as well as the nonsmooth observer, the technique of adding a power integrator, that is, a special version of the backstepping design, is skillfully revamped to establish a novel approach which systematically guides us in constructing a continuous output feedback stabilizer and achieving the requirement of a pre‐specified asymmetric output constraint. The developed approach is a unified design in the sense that it is capable of simultaneously performing the output feedback stabilization for systems with and without output constraints, without the need of changing the controller structure. An illustrative example is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
Finite‐time cooperative attitude control for leader‐follower spacecraft with fixed‐time observer
Authors: Zhang Lijun , Xia Yuanqing , Cui Bing , Zhang Jinhui , Shen Ganghui
Published: September 2020

This article investigates the problem of distributed attitude tracking control for the leader‐follower spacecraft in the presence of the external disturbances, model uncertainties, and actuator faults. First, a novel fixed‐time observer is developed to estimate the angular velocity of the leader. In contrast to the existing finite‐time observer design methods, the settling time is independent of the initial conditions, and the upper bound of the angular acceleration of the leader is not required for each follower. To estimate and compensate the total uncertainties with finite‐time convergence, a fraction‐based adaptive scheme is designed. Based on the fixed‐time observer and the adaptive scheme, a continuous finite‐time distributed control law is developed such that the stability of the observer‐controller closed‐loop system is guaranteed. Numerical simulations are illustrated to demonstrate the performance of the control scheme.
Event‐triggered finite‐time practical consensus of multiagent systems with general directed communication graphs
Authors: Fu Junjie , Wan Ying , Huang Tingwen
Published: September 2020

In this article, an event‐triggered sampled‐data implementation of a class of finite‐time consensus controllers is considered for first‐order multiagent systems under general directed communication graphs. Each agent only updates its control input at its event‐triggering time instants. From any initial condition of the agents, it is rigorously proved that the proposed control strategy can achieve consensus with arbitrarily small errors in a finite time. Zeno behavior is also proven to be excluded. Moreover, a self‐triggered sampled‐data implementation is proposed to further reduce the communication requirement. Both leaderless and leader‐following consensus are considered. Generalizations to event‐triggered consensus of second‐order multiagent systems are then presented. Simulations of the frequency and voltage control of smart grids are finally given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed protocols.
Myogenic progenitor cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cell are immune-tolerated in humanized mice
Authors: Benabdallah Basma , Désaulniers-Langevin Cynthia , Goyer Marie-Lyn , Colas Chloé , Maltais Chantale , Li Yuanyi , Guimond Jean V. , Tremblay Jacques P. , Haddad Elie , Beauséjour Christian
Published: September 2020

It is still unclear if immune responses will compromise the large-scale utilization of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs)-derived cell therapies. To answer this question, we used humanized mouse models generated by the adoptive transfer of peripheral blood mononuclear cells or the cotransplantation of hematopoietic stem cells and human thymic tissue. Using these mice, we evaluated the engraftment in skeletal muscle of myoblasts derived either directly from a muscle biopsy or differentiated from hiPSCs or fibroblasts. Our results showed that while allogeneic grafts were mostly rejected and highly infiltrated with human T cells, engraftment of autologous cells was tolerated. We also observed that hiPSC-derived myogenic progenitor cells (MPCs) are not targeted by autologous T cells and natural killer cells in vitro. These findings suggest that the reprogramming and differentiation procedures we used are not immunogenic and that hiPSC-derived MPCs will be tolerated in the presence of a competent human immune system.
Balancing vs modeling approaches to weighting in practice
Authors: Chattopadhyay Ambarish , Hase Christopher H. , Zubizarreta José R.
Published: September 2020

There are two seemingly unrelated approaches to weighting in observational studies. One of them maximizes the fit of a model for treatment assignment to then derive weights—we call this the modeling approach. The other directly optimizes certain features of the weights—we call this the balancing approach. The implementations of these two approaches are related: the balancing approach implicitly models the propensity score, while instances of the modeling approach impose balance conditions on the covariates used to estimate the propensity score. In this article, we review and compare these two approaches to weighting. Previous review papers have focused on the modeling approach, emphasizing the importance of checking covariate balance. However, as we discuss, the dispersion of the weights is another important aspect of the weights to consider, in addition to the representativeness of the weighted sample and the sample boundedness of the weighted estimator. In particular, the dispersion of the weights is important because it translates into a measure of effective sample size, which can be used to select between alternative weighting schemes. In this article, we examine the balancing approach to weighting, discuss recent methodological developments, and compare instances of the balancing and modeling approaches in a simulation study and an empirical study. In practice, unless the treatment assignment model is known, we recommend using the balancing approach to weighting, as it systematically results in better covariate balance with weights that are minimally dispersed. As a result, effect estimates tend to be more accurate and stable.
Modeling of Bake Hardening Kinetics and Carbon Redistribution in Dual‐Phase Steels
Authors: Shan Yao V. , Soliman Mohamed , Palkowski Heinz , Kozeschnik Ernst
Published: September 2020

The bake hardening response (BHR) of a dual‐phase steel with a martensite volume fraction of 0.22 is studied by means of mechanical testing, microstructural characterization, and computational simulation. After austenitization and quenching, the material is exposed to temperatures between 100 and 220 °C for times up to 10 000 min. The increase in yield strength during bake hardening (BH) follows the well‐known two‐stage characteristics. Herein, the kinetics of BH is analyzed on the basis of computational models for the formation of Cottrell atmospheres and precipitation, which represent the cause of strength increase, as well as the long‐range diffusion of C, which is partitioning between the martensite and ferrite phases during aging. The simulated yield strength evolution is in good agreement with the experiments. The model clearly describes the shape of the experimentally observed BH curves as a function of temperature, time, and degree of prestrain. In contrast to previous simulation attempts, all metallurgical phenomena are treated as coupled processes and modeled in an integrated framework based on a single set of input and state parameters.
An effective case of shichimotsukokato treatment for postherpetic neuralgia in a patient with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Fujii Tomoaki , Morimoto Yuji
Published: September 2020

Case

A 78‐year‐old female who had chronic kidney disease developed postherpetic neuralgia. She was prescribed several analgesics, but the pain was severe.

Outcome

Shichimotsukokato was prescribed to this patient, and her pain was gradually relieved. During the course of treatment, the pain worsened when tramadol hydrochloride acetaminophen tablets were interrupted and improved upon their resuming their administration, suggesting an effect for the combination with shichimotsukokato. Her renal function did not worsen, but rather seemed to have improved.

Conclusion

Analgesics can be inappropriately used in patients with chronic kidney disease. For chronic kidney disease patients with postherpetic neuralgia, shichimotsukokato may have an effect on both pain and renal function and seems to be beneficial.
Temporal Structures of Justification in the Economic Analysis of Law: Legal Philosophy and Free Will
Authors: Jackson Kevin
Published: September 2020

In an appropriation of jurisprudence away from moral philosophy in the name of advancing positive science, the economic analysis of law repudiates judicial responsibility in regard to human freedom and rights. I argue that the moral freedom and responsibility presupposed by a system of legal rights should not be eclipsed by narrow causal determinism but instead upheld by proper judicial discernment of wider temporally balanced structures of legal rights within such a system. Indeed, this is part of a wider claim that moral philosophy at large proceeds at its best by means of a temporally holistic reasoning process. I am interested in exposing and challenging theoretical bias and unacknowledged assumptions about time-value – in particular the privileging of future outcomes – lurking behind the economic analysis of law philosophy.
Should Economics Make a Pragmatic Turn? John Dewey, Karl Polanyi, and Critique of Economic Naturalism
Authors: Kassner Maciej
Published: September 2020

This article draws upon John Dewey’s pragmatic philosophy to offer a critique of naturalistic assumptions underpinning modern economic thought. More specifically, mainstream economics is criticized for treating its subject-matter as human-independent, maintaining untenable means-ends dualism, and displaying a strong tendency to talk about capitalism and markets as if they were quasi-natural phenomena. Pragmatic arguments are developed in dialogue with the ideas derived from Karl Polanyi, Gunnar Myrdal, and contemporary philosophy of science. Throughout the article, institutionalism is singled out as an approach to economic inquiry that is compatible with central insights derived from Dewey’s version of pragmatism. The article suggests that pragmatism together with constructivism and hermeneutics provides a more appropriate philosophical framework for institutional economics than other approaches, including critical realism.
Moral Economics – A Theoretical Basis for Building the Next Economic System
Authors: Hajnal Zsófia
Published: September 2020

This paper explores the concept of moral economics in the author’s own, complex interpretation. Moral economics is a new approach to the structure and nature of the economic system, suggesting changes at several critical points. The paper is an interdisciplinary work between philosophy and economics, shifting from theory to practice, past to present, and balancing between the normative and the positive. The purpose is to change the economic understanding and the perceived economic logic through incorporating the moral factor into comprehensive models.
Dual pair correspondence in physics: oscillator realizations and representations
Authors: Basile Thomas , Joung Euihun , Mkrtchyan Karapet , Mojaza Matin
Published: September 2020

Abstract

We study general aspects of the reductive dual pair correspondence, also known as Howe duality. We make an explicit and systematic treatment, where we first derive the oscillator realizations of all irreducible dual pairs: (GL(M, ℝ), GL(N, ℝ)), (GL(M, ℂ), GL(N, ℂ)), (U∗(2M), U∗(2N)), (U (M+, M−), U (N+, N−)), (O(N+, N−), Sp (2M, ℝ)), (O(N, ℂ), Sp(2M, ℂ)) and (O∗(2N ), Sp(M+, M−)). Then, we decompose the Fock space into irreducible representations of each group in the dual pairs for the cases where one member of the pair is compact as well as the first non-trivial cases of where it is non-compact. We discuss the relevance of these representations in several physical applications throughout this analysis. In particular, we discuss peculiarities of their branching properties. Finally, closed-form expressions relating all Casimir operators of two groups in a pair are established.
Telomere length: how the length makes a difference
Authors: Lulkiewicz M. , Bajsert J. , Kopczynski P. , Barczak W. , Rubis B.
Published: September 2020

Telomerase is perceived as an immortality enzyme that might provide longevity to cells and whole organisms. Importantly, it is generally inactive in most somatic cells of healthy, adult men. Consequently, its substrates, i.e. telomeres, get shorter in most human cells with time. Noteworthy, cell life limitation due to telomere attrition during cell divisions, may not be as bad as it looks since longer cell life means longer exposition to harmful factors. Consequently, telomere length (attrition rate) becomes a factor that is responsible for inducing the signaling that leads to the elimination of cells that lived long enough to acquire severe damage. It seems that telomere length that depends on many different factors (including telomerase activity but also genetic factors, a hormonal profile that reflects sex, etc.) might become a useful marker of aging and exposition to stress. Thus in the current paper, we review the factors that affect telomere length in human cells focusing on sex that all together with different environmental and hormonal regulations as well as parental aspect affect telomere attrition rate. We also raise some limitations in the assessment of telomere length that hinders a trustworthy meta-analysis that might lead to acknowledgment of the real value of this parameter.
Situated imagination
Authors: van Dijk Ludger , Rietveld Erik
Published: September 2020

Imagination is often considered the pinnacle of representational cognition. Looking at the concrete details of imagining in context, this paper aims to contribute to the emerging literature that is challenging this representational view by offering a relational and radically situated alternative. On the basis of observing architects in the process of making an architectural art installation, we show how to consider imagination not as de-contextualized achievement by an individual but as an opening up to larger-scale “affordances,” i.e. the unfolding possibilities for action. We show how the architects coordinate the enactment of multiple affordances across different timescales, from small-scale affordances of picking up a mobile phone to the large-scale affordance of making the installation that takes months to unfold. These affordances get co-determined as they are jointly enacted. It is within this determining process that imagination too finds its place. On our view it is the indeterminacy of multiple affordances unfolding in action simultaneously that can be experienced as imaginative. The indeterminate character of this coordinative process allows activities to widen and open up, letting new possibilities for action enter into them.
Geochemical characteristics and depositional environments of the Narimba Formation source rock, Bass Basin, Australia
Authors: Shalaby Mohamed Ragab , Irwan Muhammad Izzat Izzuddin bin Haji , Osli Liyana Nadiah , Islam Md Aminul
Published: September 2020

This research aims to conduct source rock characterization on the Narimba Formation in the Bass Basin, Australia, which is made of mostly sandstone, shale and coal. The geochemical characteristics and depositional environments have been investigated through a variety of data such as rock–eval pyrolysis, TOC, organic petrography and biomarkers. Total organic carbon (TOC) values indicated good to excellent organic richness with values ranging from 1.1 to 79.2%. Kerogen typing of the examined samples from the Narimba Formation indicates that the formation contains organic matter capable of generating kerogen Type-III, Type-II-III and Type-II which is gas prone, oil–gas prone and oil prone, respectively. Pyrolysis maturity parameters (Tmax, PI), in combination with vitrinite reflectance and some biomarkers, all confirm that all samples are at early mature to mature and are in the oil and wet gas windows. The biomarkers data (the isoprenoids (Pr/Ph), CPI, isoprenoids/n-alkanes distribution (Pr/nC17 and Ph/nC18), in addition to the regular sterane biomarkers (C27, C28 and C29) are mainly used to evaluate the paleodepositional environment, maturity and biodegradation. It has been interpreted that the Narimba Formation was found to be deposited in non-marine (oxygen-rich) depositional environment with a dominance of terrestrial plant sources. All the analyzed samples show clear indication to be considered at the early mature to mature oil window with some indication of biodegradation.
Layer-steered filter for enhancing seismic reflection interpretability
Authors: Abdullah Agus , Pranowo Waskito
Published: September 2020

Seismic artifacts due to random and linear noises, low fold coverage, statics, and spatial aliasing are frequently affecting uncertainties in seismic interpretation. Several conventional methods, such as median filter, have been implemented to reduce random noises. However, this method can not be utilized for the area in which rich with stratigraphic features such as clinoforms and in the area with strong dips. We implemented layer-steered filter in order to attenuate random noises in this kind of situation. Layer-steered filter has ability to attenuate random noises but still respects to local dip events; therefore, the method provides better preservation of events and stratigraphics compared to other conventional methods such as median filter and dip-steered filter.
Influence of structural factors on the tribological performance of organic friction modifiers
Authors: Cyriac Febin , Tee Xin Yi , Poornachary Sendhil K. , Chow Pui Shan
Published: September 2020

The influence of structural factors on the lubrication performance of organic friction modifiers (OFMs) formulated in Group V (polyol ester oil) base oil was studied using a ball-on-disk tribometer. The results show that OFMs can mitigate friction under heavy loads, low sliding speeds, and high temperatures. These conditions are commonly encountered in internal-combustion engines between cylinder liners and piston rings. The reduction in friction is ascribed to the boundary lubrication film containing the OFM. The chemical composition analysis of the metal disk surface using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the presence of a protective film of OFM on the wear track, albeit inconsistently deposited. Although the adsorption of the OFM on the metal surface was observed to be dependent on the chemical reactivity of the functional groups, levels of unsaturation, and hydrocarbon chain length of the OFM, the frictional performance was not always directly correlated with the surface coverage and tribofilm thickness. This implies that the friction reduction mechanism can involve other localized processes at the interface between the metal surface and lubricant oil. The occasional variation in friction observed for these OFMs can be attributed to the stability and durability of the boundary film formed during the rubbing phase.
Impact of clinical guidance and rapid molecular pathogen detection on evaluation and outcomes of febrile or hypothermic infants
Authors: Crook Jennifer , Xu Meng , Slaughter James C. , Willis Jeremy , Browning Whitney , Estrada Cristina , Gay James , Thomas Gale , Benton Alison , Quinn Criziel , Schmitz Jonathan , Banerjee Ritu
Published: September 2020

Objective:

To quantify the impact of clinical guidance and rapid respiratory and meningitis/encephalitis multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) testing on the management of infants.

Design:

Before-and-after intervention study.

Setting:

Tertiary-care children’s hospital.

Patients:

Infants ≤90 days old presenting with fever or hypothermia to the emergency department (ED).

Methods:

The study spanned 3 periods: period 1, January 1, 2011, through December 31, 2014; period 2, January 1, 2015, through April 30, 2018; and period 3, May 1, 2018, through June 15, 2019. During period 1, no standardized clinical guideline had been established and no rapid pathogen testing was available. During period 2, a clinical guideline was implemented, but no rapid testing was available. During period 3, a guideline was in effect, plus mPCR testing using the BioFire FilmArray respiratory panel 2 (RP 2) and the meningitis encephalitis panel (MEP). Outcomes included antimicrobial and ancillary test utilization, length of stay (LOS), admission rate, 30-day mortality. Outcomes were compared across periods using Kruskal-Wallis and Pearson tests and interrupted time series analysis.

Results:

Overall 5,317 patients were included: 2,514 in period 1, 2,082 in period 2, and 721 in period 3. Over the entire study period, we detected reductions in the use of chest radiographs, lumbar punctures, LOS, and median antibiotic duration. After adjusting for temporal trends, we observed that the introduction of the guideline was associated with reductions in ancillary tests and lumbar punctures. Use of mPCR testing with the febrile infant clinical guideline was associated with additional reductions in ancillary testing for all patients and a higher proportion of infants 29–60 days old being managed without antibiotics.

Conclusions:

Use of mPCR testing plus a guideline for young infant evaluation in the emergency department was associated with less antimicrobial and ancillary test utilization compared to the use of a guideline alone.
Impulsivity, decision-making and risk-taking behaviour in bipolar disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ramírez-Martín Almudena , Ramos-Martín Javier , Mayoral-Cleries Fermin , Moreno-Küstner Berta , Guzman-Parra Jose
Published: September 2020

Despite the robust body of work on cognitive aspects of bipolar disorder (BD), a clear profile of associated impairments in impulsivity, decision-making and risk-taking from studies that use behavioural measures has yet to be established. A systematic review, across four electronic databases (PsycINFO, MEDLINE/PubMed, ScienceDirect and Scopus), of literature published between January 1999 and December 2018 was carried out in accordance with the PRISMA statement. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42018114684). A fixed-effect and random-effects meta-analysis using the Hedges' g (ES) estimate was performed. The analysis revealed significant impairment in BD individuals with medium effect sizes in various aspects of impulsivity – response inhibition (ES = 0.49; p < 0.0001), delay of gratification (ES = 0.54; p < 0.0001) and inattention (ES = 0.49; p < 0.0001) – and in decision-making (ES = 0.61, p = 0.0002), but no significant impairment in risk-taking behaviour (ES = 0.41; p = 0.0598). Furthermore, we found significant heterogeneity between studies for decision-making and risk-taking behaviour but not for impulsivity. Impaired risk-taking behaviour was significant in a subgroup of BD-I and euthymic individuals (ES = 0.92; p < 0.0001) with no significant heterogeneity. A stratification analysis revealed comparable results in euthymic and non-euthymic individuals for impulsivity. Our findings suggest that behaviour impulsivity is elevated in all phases of BD, representing a core and clinically relevant feature that persists beyond mood symptoms. More studies about decision-making and risk-taking are necessary to establish if they are impaired in BD and to analyze the role of mood state.
Language proficiency and sociocultural integration of Canadian newcomers
Authors: Nakhaie Reza
Published: September 2020

This paper evaluates the sociocultural integration of newcomers, paying special attention to language proficiency while taking into account the importance of the assimilation, cultural fit, and social network perspectives. Analyses are based on administrative data collected by the YMCA of South Western Ontario regarding 2,493 of their clients. Results reveal that newcomers’ length of residency, ethnic origin, and social networks play a significant role in the sociocultural integration of newcomers. The longer the newcomers have resided in Canada, the higher their level of sociocultural integration. Non-Europeans displayed a lower level of sociocultural integration than Europeans. However, the most important predictor of sociocultural integration was language proficiency. Not only did language proficiency have a strong and independent effect, but it also tended to level out differences in sociocultural integration of those who had resided in Canada for a short period compared to those living in Canada for a longer period. Similarly, language proficiency decreased sociocultural integration differences between Europeans and ethnic minority newcomers. The policy implications of the results are discussed.
Doctoral dissertations on second language writing and technology in the USA (2010–2019)
Authors: Gibbons John , Li Mimi
Published: September 2020

This paper reviews 20 representative Ph.D. dissertations on second language (L2) writing and technology completed in the USA over the past decade (2010–2019). These dissertations were selected using advanced search via ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. Five thematic categories were examined: (1) computer-mediated teacher/peer feedback; (2) automated writing evaluation; (3) computer-based collaborative writing; (4) technology-based writing instruction/assessment; and (5) digital composing/literacy. Each dissertation study was closely reviewed, with the presentation of illustrative tables. After analyzing and discussing the research designs, findings, and contributions of these studies, the authors identified the research trend and highlighted directions for future dissertation research in the field of L2 writing and technology.
Geolocal – A New System for Geo-Referencing: Analysis of Base Distribution
Authors: Macho Eduardo P. , Pamboukian Sergio V.D. , Correia Emília
Published: September 2020

Geolocal is a new navigation system conceived and patented in Brazil, whose purpose is to be independent of other global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). It has an ‘inverted-GNSS’ configuration with at least four bases on the ground at known geodesic position coordinates and a repeater in space. Simulations were performed to determine the precision of Geolocal using different quantities and distributions of bases. They showed that this precision is enhanced when the quantity of bases increases, as long as the elevation angles of the new bases included are higher than the average and when the bases are evenly distributed around the repeater, but mainly when the time delay at the repeater is known in advance and when the measurement errors that generate uncertainties are reduced. The position dilution of precision (PDOP) was also calculated, confirming that precision is enhanced by the quantity of bases and by their distribution.
Shape, condition and diet of the pike icefish Champsocephalus esox (Teleostei: Channichthyidae): evidence of phenotypic plasticity?
Authors: Landaeta Mauricio F. , Villegas Ariel , Hüne Mathias
Published: September 2020

The shape (derived from landmark-based geometric morphometrics), condition (Fulton index) and diet (determined through gut content analysis) were described for the pike icefish Champsocephalus esox (Channichthyidae) from Última Esperanza sound, south-west Patagonia, Chile. Based on the length-weight relationship, females were heavier at length than males. Nevertheless, the Fulton index was similar between males and females. The morphospace of C. esox showed high intraspecific variability in the dorsoventral position of the tip of the snout, anus and the ventral insertion of the pectoral fin, as well as the anteroposterior position of the premaxilla, opercle and anus. This indicates the existence of phenotypic plasticity, leading to specimens with larger jaws and heads but shorter trunks, or specimens with shorter jaws and heads but larger trunks. This phenotypic plasticity was independent of size and sex. The feeding incidence was similar between sexes (34.1% and 47.2% for males and females, respectively). Diets consisted of only fish, small notothenioids of the genus Patagonotothen (P. tessellata, P. cornucola and P. sima), showing similarities between males and females. Finally, C. esox is the second notothenioid species, and the first outside of Antarctica, to display phenotypic plasticity in its body shape.
Histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural characterization of the testes of the dove
Authors: Mustafa Fatma El-Zahraa A. , Elhanbaly Ruwaida
Published: September 2020

Avian testes have been used in the study of germ cell transfer, importantly for understanding the preservation and control of birds. For this purpose, we use light microscopy, electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry to understand the reproductive efficiency of dove testes. The tunica albuginea was thin and septula testes were not observed. The testicular parenchyma was formed mainly of closely packed convoluted seminiferous tubules with little interstitial area. Three types of spermatogonia were distinguished. The primary spermatocyte appeared as the largest spermatogenic cell and was identified at different stages of meiosis. Different morphological stages of the spermatid were categorized. Various cellular associations were described within the seminiferous epithelium. The cytoplasm of Sertoli cells was pale and ill defined due to its close relationship to the germinal epithelium. The spermatid attached to the luminal border of Sertoli cells and germ cells were closely associated. A single layer of myoid cells surrounded the seminiferous tubule. Testicular telocytes of doves were located in the peritubular region and near the blood vessels. Telopods appeared as long cytoplasmic processes arising from the cell body. Leydig cells were distributed singly or in small groups and cords. The intensity of androgen receptor (AR) immunostaining in the testes of the dove was established for the first time and is described in this paper.
Antenatal occlusion of a ductal arteriosus aneurysm: a potential postnatal surgical emergency. Case report and literature review
Authors: Aly Safwat A. , Contreras Juan , Honjo Osami , Villemain Olivier
Published: September 2020

Symptomatic presentation of ductal arteriosus aneurysm is usually a consequence of associated complications, including thromboembolism, infection, and compression of adjacent structures. In this case report, we present a thrombosed ductal aneurysm that developed antenatally with further postnatal progression of the thrombus and complete occlusion of the left pulmonary artery. Urgent surgical thrombectomy was successful and the post-operative course was uneventful.
GLOBALLY REALIZABLE COMPONENTS OF LOCAL DEFORMATION RINGS
Authors: Calegari Frank , Emerton Matthew , Gee Toby
Published: September 2020

Let $n$ be either $2$ or an odd integer greater than $1$, and fix a prime $p>2(n+1)$. Under standard ‘adequate image’ assumptions, we show that the set of components of $n$-dimensional $p$-adic potentially semistable local Galois deformation rings that are seen by potentially automorphic compatible systems of polarizable Galois representations over some CM field is independent of the particular global situation. We also (under the same assumption on $n$) improve on the main potential automorphy result of Barnet-Lamb et al. [Potential automorphy and change of weight, Ann. of Math. (2) 179(2) (2014), 501–609], replacing ‘potentially diagonalizable’ by ‘potentially globally realizable’.
A Liberal before Liberalism: Karl Hermann Scheidler and the New Hegelians
Authors: Barbour Charles
Published: September 2020

This paper is the first substantial investigation in English or German of the work and career of the student of Jacob Fries, leader of theBurschenschaften, educational reformer, and professor of philosophy and law Karl Hermann Scheidler. It examines Scheidler's interventions into political and constitutional debates during the GermanVormärzand argues that he developed a unique brand of liberal corporatism that has been overlooked or misunderstood by intellectual historians—one that attempts to bridge the gap between eighteenth-century natural law and nineteenth-century political nationalism by defending the corporate autonomy of the churches and universities, and by promoting a combination of public virtue and moral perfection that he dubbed “political Protestantism.” It emphasizes Scheidler's polemical articles against the “Hegel school” and the “New Hegelians” in Rotteck's and Welcker'sStaats-Lexikon. It proposes that a detailed examination of Scheidler's work provides a clearer understanding of how liberalism emerged as a distinct political ideology during theVormärzand how one strand of German liberalism defined itself against Hegelianism.
Internal Tide‐Driven Tracer Transport Across the Continental Slope
Authors: Spingys Carl P. , Williams Richard G. , Hopkins Joanne E. , Hall Rob A. , Green J. A. Mattias , Sharples Jonathan
Published: September 2020

The role of the internal tide in driving tracer transport across the continental slope is examined using simplified layered theory, channel model experiments, and observational diagnostics of near shelf‐edge moorings. The effect of the internal tide is interpreted in terms of its Stokes' drift, which is separated into two distinct components: a bolus component, driven by the covariance of layer thickness and the velocity, and a shear component, driven by the velocity following the movement of an interface. For a three‐layer ocean, in the model experiments and observations, the onshore propagation of an internal tide drives a Stokes' transport directed onshore in the surface and the bottom layers and directed offshore in the pycnocline. This reversing structure is due to the bolus component dominating near the boundaries, while the shear component dominates at the pycnocline. In the observational diagnostics, the Stokes' transport is not canceled by the Eulerian transport, which is mainly directed along bathymetric contours. The Stokes' drift of the internal tide then provides a systematic on shelf tracer transport if there is a tracer sink on the shelf, carried in the surface or bottom layers. Conversely, the tracer transport is directed offshore if there is a tracer source on the shelf with plumes of shelf tracer expected to be carried offshore along the pycnocline. This tracer transport as a result of the internal tide is diagnosed for heat, salt, and nitrate. The depth‐integrated nitrate flux is directed onto the shelf supplying nutrients to the productive shelf seas.
Geologic Trends in Shear Strength Properties Inferred Through Three‐Dimensional Back Analysis of Landslide Inventories
Authors: Bunn Michael , Leshchinsky Ben , Olsen Michael J.
Published: September 2020

Landslides occur in a variety of forms that are a function of climactic setting, tectonic setting, geomorphic and geologic setting, and the shear strength of soil and rock. While major advances in characterizing the spatial influence of these settings on landslide activity have occurred in recent years, there has been limited progress on understanding spatial trends in shear strength properties and their influence on landslide activity. Herein, we propose a regional‐scale forensic methodology to establish first‐order estimates of landslide shear strength. This approach is performed using (1) interpolation of rupture surface geometry and (2) three‐dimensional slope stability analysis. Thereafter, distributions of back‐analyzed shear strengths of landslide inventories are used to demonstrate that distinctly different trends are observed when comparing geologic units and landslide type. It is shown that there is generally an inverse correlation between landslide volume and friction angle, suggesting that larger earthflows tend to be in a residual state of shear, while smaller deep‐seated failures tend to occur in stronger, possibly cemented materials. Significant uncertainty lies in characterization of hydrological conditions; nonetheless, upper and lower bounds of groundwater conditions still reflect significant differences in inferred regional trends in shear strength properties between geologic settings. A comparison of three‐dimensional forensic back analyses to conventional, infinite slope conditions often used in susceptibility analyses suggests that conventional approaches may significantly overestimate landslide shear strengths at a regional scale.
Eocene Rotation of the Northeastern Central Tibetan Plateau Indicating Stepwise Compressions and Eastward Extrusions
Authors: Zhang Weilin , Fang Xiaomin , Zhang Tao , Song Chunhui , Yan Maodu
Published: September 2020

When and how the TP underwent uplift and deformation are still under heated debate. We present paleomagnetic evidence for the NB in the northeastern central TP to help decipher the potential plateau deformation mechanism. Magnetostratigraphy with zircon U‐Pb age of volcanic rock demonstrates that the NB basin deposited during 52.5–35.0 Ma. Paleomagnetic declinations indicate that the basin experienced counterclockwise rotation of 25.9 ± 7.2° during 52–46 Ma and clockwise rotation of 24.4 ± 9.7° during 41–35 Ma, which coexisted with the intrusion and explosion of volcanic rocks at 51–46 and 39–35 Ma. We proposed a stepwise compression and extrusion model to interpret the basin deposition, rotation, and volcanism by northward compression and eastward extrusion of the eastern Lhasa and Qiangtang Blocks (Proto‐TP) in relation to the Sichuan Basin as early response to the India‐Asia collision.
The Contribution of N+ Ions to Earth's Polar Wind
Authors: Lin Mei‐Yun , Ilie Raluca , Glocer Alex
Published: September 2020

The escape of heavy ions from the Earth atmosphere is a consequence of energization and transport mechanisms, including photoionization, electron precipitation, ion‐electron‐neutral chemistry, and collisions. Numerous studies considered the outflow of O+ ions only, but ignored the observational record of outflowing N+. In spite of 12% mass difference, N+ and O+ ions have different ionization potentials, ionospheric chemistry, and scale heights. We expanded the Polar Wind Outflow Model (PWOM) to include N+ and key molecular ions in the polar wind. We refer to this model expansion as the Seven Ion Polar Wind Outflow Model (7iPWOM), which involves expanded schemes for suprathermal electron production and ion‐electron‐neutral chemistry and collisions. Numerical experiments, designed to probe the influence of season, as well as that of solar conditions, suggest that N+ is a significant ion species in the polar ionosphere and its presence largely improves the polar wind solution, as compared to observations.
Dynamic Properties of Particle Injections Inside Geosynchronous Orbit: A Multisatellite Case Study
Authors: Motoba T. , Ohtani S. , Claudepierre S. G. , Reeves G. D. , Ukhorskiy A. Y. , Lanzerotti L. J.
Published: September 2020

Four closely located satellites at and inside geosynchronous orbit (GEO) provided a great opportunity to study the dynamical evolution and spatial scale of premidnight energetic particle injections inside GEO during a moderate substorm on 23 December 2016. Just following the substorm onset, the four spacecraft, a LANL satellite at GEO, the two Van Allen Probes (also called “RBSP”) at ~5.8 RE, and a THEMIS satellite at ~5.3 RE, observed substorm‐related particle injections and local dipolarizations near the central meridian (~22 MLT) of a wedge‐like current system. The large‐scale evolution of the electron and ion (H, He, and O) injections was almost identical at the two RBSP spacecraft with ~0.5 RE apart. However, the initial short‐timescale particle injections exhibited a striking difference between RBSP‐A and ‐B: RBSP‐B observed an energy dispersionless injection which occurred concurrently with a transient, strong dipolarization front (DF) with a peak‐to‐peak amplitude of ~25 nT over ~25 s; RBSP‐A measured a dispersed/weaker injection with no corresponding DF. The spatiotemporally localized DF was accompanied by an impulsive, westward electric field (~20 mV m−1). The fast, impulsive E × B drift caused the radial transport of the electron and ion injection regions from GEO to ~5.8 RE. The penetrating DF fields significantly altered the rapid energy‐ and pitch angle‐dependent flux changes of the electrons and the H and He ions inside GEO. Such flux distributions could reflect the transient DF‐related particle acceleration and/or transport processes occurring inside GEO. In contrast, O ions were little affected by the DF fields.
Persistence and Nonpersistence of East and Southeast Asian Rainfall Anomaly Pattern From Spring to Summer
Authors: Qian Qi Feng , Wu Renguang , Jia Xiao Jing
Published: September 2020

The present study analyzes the connection of rainfall anomalies over East and Southeast Asia between spring and summer. Spatial patterns of contrasting rainfall anomalies between East Asia and the Indochina Peninsula are identified in both spring and summer. The persistence of more rainfall over East Asia and less rainfall over the Indochina Peninsula from spring to summer is associated with the maintenance of an anomalous low‐level anticyclone over the tropical western North Pacific. Further analysis shows that this anomalous anticyclone is attributed to the combined effects of persisting positive sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in the tropical Indian Ocean and negative SSTAs in the subtropical western Pacific. In contrast, in the nonpersistent rainfall anomaly years, the anomalous anticyclone over the western North Pacific displaces southward from spring to summer. One factor accounting for such a change is the dissipation of the negative SSTAs in the subtropical western Pacific from spring to summer, which weakens the SST forcing on the western North Pacific anticyclone. The other factor is an atmospheric wave train associated with the negative SSTAs in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean. The atmospheric wave train propagates eastward across the Eurasian continent and reaches East Asia. The wave pattern contributes to the development and southward displacement of an anomalous cyclone over East Asia, which causes a southward shift in the western North Pacific anticyclone. The effect of the North Atlantic negative SSTAs on the atmospheric wave pattern is supported by numerical experiments.
Deuterium and 37Chlorine Rich Fluids on the Surface of Mars: Evidence From the Enriched Basaltic Shergottite Northwest Africa 8657
Authors: Hu S. , Lin Y. , Anand M. , Franchi I. A. , Zhao X. , Zhang J. , Hao J. , Zhang T. , Yang W. , Changela H.
Published: September 2020

Apatite, a major hydrous mineral in Martian meteorites, has the potential to reveal history of volatiles on Mars. Here we report the H and Cl isotopic systematics of apatite from the enriched basaltic shergottite Northwest Africa (NWA) 8657 to better understand the processes influencing volatiles at or near the Martian (sub)surface. The apatite in NWA 8657 has the highest reported δD value (up to 6,509‰) of any phosphates in Martian meteorites. The positive correlation between the H2O contents (72–2,251 ppm) and δD values (3,965–6,509‰) as well as between the Cl contents (1.28–6.17wt%) and δ37Cl values (−1.7–4.0‰) in NWA 8657 apatite are consistent with mixing between volatiles derived from the Martian mantle and meteoric water/fluid. The D‐ and 37Cl‐enrichment of apatite in NWA 8657 implies isotopic exchange with subsurficial fluids during postcrystallization hydrothermal event(s).