bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ΣΥΝΘΕΣΗ ΚΑΙ ΜΕΛΕΤΗ ΔΟΜΗΣ ΣΥΜΠΥΚΝΩΜΕΝΩΝ ΙΝΔΟΛΙΚΩΝ ΠΑΡΑΓΩΓΩΝ
Authors: Σταμπέλος Ξενοφών
Published: August 2021

ΣΚΟΠΟΣ ΤΗΣ ΔΙΔΑΚΤΟΡΙΚΗΣ ΔΙΑΤΡΙΒΗΣ ΕΙΝΑΙ Η ΣΥΝΘΕΣΗ ΚΑΙ Η ΜΕΛΕΤΗ ΔΟΜΗΣ ΣΥΜΠΥΚΝΩΜΕΝΩΝ ΙΝΔΟΛΙΚΩΝ ΠΑΡΑΓΩΓΩΝ. ΟΙ ΑΝΤΙΔΡΑΣΕΙΣ 1,3-ΔΙΠΟΛΙΚΗΣ ΚΥΚΛΟΠΡΟΣΘΗΚΗΣ ΤΩΝ 1-ΜΕΘΥΛΟ- ΚΑΙ 1,3-ΔΙΜΕΘΥΛΟ-ΙΝΔΟΛ-2-ΥΛΟ ΝΙΤΡΙΛΟΞΕΙΔΙΩΝ ΚΑΙ C-(1-ΜΕΘΥΛΟ-ΙΝΔΟΛ-2ΥΛΟ)Ν-ΜΕΘΥΛΟ- ΝΙΤΡΟΝΗΣ ΜΕ ΚΑΡΒΟΝΥΛΟ-ΥΠΟΚΑΤΕΣΤΗΜΕΝΑ ΑΛΚΕΝΙΑ ΚΑΙ ΑΛΚΙΝΙΑ ΟΔΗΓΗΣΑΝ ΣΤΙΣΑΝΑΜΕΝΟΜΕΝΕΣ ΙΝΔΟΛΥΛΟ-ΙΣΟΞΑΖΟΛΙΝΕΣ,ΙΣΟΞΑΖΟΛΙΑ ΚΑΙ ΙΣΟΞΑΖΟΛΙΔΙΝΕΣ. ΟΙ ΑΝΤΙΔΡΑΣΕΙΣ ΕΝΔΟΜΟΡΙΑΚΗΣ ΚΥΚΛΟΠΟΙΗΣΗΣ ΤΩΝ ΙΝΔΟΛΥΛΟ-ΙΣΟΞΑΖΟΛΙΝΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΙΣΟΞΑΖΟΛΙΩΝ ΔΕΝ ΕΠΙΤΕΥΧΘΗΣΑΝ ΠΙΘΑΝΟΤΑΤΑ ΕΞ'ΑΙΤΙΑΣ ΤΗΣ ΜΙΚΡΗΣ ΕΥΛΥΓΙΣΙΑΣ ΤΩΝ ΔΑΚΤΥΛΙΩΝ ΑΥΤΩΝ ΑΝΤΙΘΕΤΑ, ΑΠΟ ΤΙΣ ΑΝΤΙΔΡΑΣΕΙΣ ΕΝΔΟΜΟΡΙΑΚΗΣ ΑΚΥΛΙΩΣΗΣ ΤΩΝ ΙΝΔΟΛΥΛΟ-ΙΣΟΞΑΖΟΛΙΔΙΝΩΝ ΑΠΟΜΟΝΩΘΗΚΑΝ ΣΥΜΠΥΚΝΩΜΕΝΑ ΙΝΔΟΛΙΚΑ ΠΑΡΑΓΩΓΑ. ΟΙ ΑΝΤΙΔΡΑΣΕΙΣ ΤΩΝ ΟΞΙΜΩΝ ΤΩΝ ΙΝΔΟΛ-3-ΥΛΟΚΑΡΒΑΛΔΕΥΔΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΤΩΝ Ο-ΜΕΘΥΛΟ ΠΑΡΑΓΩΓΩΝ ΤΟΥΣ ΜΕ ΗΛΕΚΤΡΟΝΙΟΦΙΛΑ ΑΛΚΕΝΙΑ ΚΑΙ ΑΛΚΙΝΙΑ ΜΕΛΕΤΩΝΤΑΙ. ΣΤΗΝ ΠΕΡΙΠΤΩΣΗ ΤΩΝ ΟΗ-ΟΞΙΜΩΝ ΑΠΟΜΟΝΩΘΗΚΑΝ ΙΣΟΞΑΖΟΛΙΔΙΝΕΣ ΜΕΣΩ ΤΩΝ IN SITU ΣΧΗΜΑΤΙΖΟΜΕΝΩΝ ΝΙΤΡΟΝΩΝ. ΑΝΤΙΘΕΤΑ, ΟΙ ΟΜE-ΟΞΙΜΕΣ ΑΝΤΕΔΡΑΣΑΝ ΩΣ 1-ΑΖΑ-1,3-ΒΟΥΤΑΔΙΕΝΙΑ ΣΧΗΜΑΤΙΖΟΝΤΑΣ ΤΙΣ ΕΠΙΘΥΜΗΤΕΣ 3,4-ΔΙΥΠΟΚΑΤΕΣΤΗΜΕΝΕΣ Γ-ΚΑΡΒΟΛΙΝΕΣ. ΟΙ ΑΝΤΙΔΡΑΣΕΙΣ 1,3-ΔΙΠΟΛΙΚΗΣ ΚΥΚΛΟΠΡΟΣΘΗΚΗΣ ΝΙΤΡΙΛΟΞΕΙΔΙΩΝ ΣΤΟΔΕΣΜΟ C=N ΤΩΝ 3,4-ΔΙΥΔΡΟ-Β-ΚΑΡΒΟΛΙΝΩΝ ΟΔΗΓΗΣΑΝ ΣΤΟ ΣΧΗΜΑΤΙΣΜΟ 1,2,4- ΟΞΑΔΙΑΖΟΛΙΩΝ ΜΕ ΤΗΝ ΑΝΑΜΕΝΟΜΕΝΗ REGIO-ΕΚΛΕΚΤΙΚΟΤΗΤΑ, ΕΝΩ ΑΠΟ ΤΙΣ ΕΝΔΟΜΟΡΙΑΚΕΣ ΑΝΤΙΔΡΑΣΕΙΣ ΔΕΝ ΑΠΟΜΟΝΩΘΗΚΑΝ ΠΡΟΙΟΝΤΑ ΚΥΚΛΟΠΡΟΣΘΗΚΗΣ ΑΛΛΑ ΣΥΜΠΥΚΝΩΜΕΝΑ ΠΡΟΙΟΝΤΑ. ΣΥΜΠΥΚΝΩΜΕΝΑ ΚΥΚΛΟΟΚΤΑΝΟ- ΚΑΙ ΚΥΚΛΟΕΝΝΕΑΝΟ-ΙΝΔΟΛΙΚΑ ΠΑΡΑΓΩΓΑ ΑΠΟΜΟΝΩΘΗΚΑΝ ΚΑΤΑ ΤΗΝ ΠΡΟΣΠΑΘΕΙΑ ΣΥΝΘΕΣΗΣ 1,2,4-ΟΞΑΔΙΑΖΟΛΟ[4,5-A]-3,4-ΔΙΥΔΡΟ-Β-ΚΑΡΒΟΛΙΝΩΝ ΜΕΣΩ (ΠΕΡΙΚΟΠΗ ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΗΣ).
ΚΑΘΑΡΙΣΜΟΣ ΚΑΙ ΜΕΛΕΤΗ ΜΙΑΣ Β-ΓΛΥΚΟΣΙΔΑΣΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΑΞΙΟΠΟΙΗΣΗ ΤΗΣ ΣΤΗΝ ΥΔΡΟΛΥΣΗ ΤΗΣ ΛΑΚΤΟΖΗΣ
Authors: Σκούμπας Άγγελος
Published: August 2021

ΣΚΟΠΟΣ ΤΗΣ ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑΣ ΗΤΑΝ Η ΜΕΛΕΤΗ ΜΙΑΣ Β-ΓΛΥΚΟΣΙΔΑΣΗΣ ΑΠΟ ΚΡΙΘΑΡΙ, ΟΣΟΝ ΑΦΟΡΑ ΤΟ ΕΝΕΡΓΟ ΚΕΝΤΡΟ, ΤΗΝ ΕΤΕΡΟΓΕΝΕΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΚΑΤΑ ΤΗΝ ΒΛΑΣΤΗΣΗ ΣΠΟΡΩΝ ΚΡΙΘΑΡΙΟΥ, ΤΗΝ ΤΡΑΝΣΓΛΥΚΟΣΥΛΙΩΤΙΚΗ ΤΗΣ ΔΡΑΣΗ ΚΑΙ ΤΗ ΔΥΝΑΤΟΤΗΤΑ ΤΗΣ ΝΑ ΧΡΗΣΙΜΟΠΟΙΗΘΕΙ ΓΙΑ ΤΗΝ ΥΔΡΟΛΥΣΗ ΛΑΚΤΟΖΗΣ ΑΠΟ ΤΥΡΟΓΑΛΑ ΣΕ ΒΙΟΑΝΤΙΔΡΑΣΤΗΡΑ ΚΑΘΗΛΩΜΕΝΟΥ ΕΝΖΥΜΟΥ. Η Β-ΓΛΥΚΟΣΙΔΑΣΗ ΑΠΟΜΟΝΩΘΗΚΕ ΜΕ ΔΙΑΔΙΚΑΣΙΕΣ ΔΙΑΛΕΙΠΟΝΤΟΣ ΕΡΓΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΤΟ ΤΕΛΙΚΟ ΕΝΖΥΜΙΚΟ ΠΑΡΑΣΚΕΥΑΣΜΑ ΗΤΑΝ ΜΙΣΗΣ ΠΕΡΙΠΟΥ ΚΑΘΑΡΟΤΗΤΑΣ ΑΠΟ ΕΚΕΙΝΟ ΠΟΥ ΠΡΟΚΥΠΤΕΙ ΟΤΑΝ ΧΡΗΣΙΜΟΠΟΙΟΥΝΤΑΙ ΑΝΑΛΥΤΙΚΕΣ ΔΙΑΔΙΚΑΣΙΕΣ. ΜΕ ΧΡΗΣΗ ΕΞΕΙΔΙΚΕΥΜΕΝΩΝ ΑΝΤΙΔΡΑΣΤΗΡΙΩΝ, ΑΝΑΓΝΩΡΙΣΤΗΚΑΝ ΩΣ ΑΠΑΡΑΙΤΗΤΑ ΓΙΑ ΤΗΝ ΚΑΤΑΛΥΤΙΚΗ ΔΡΑΣΗ ΤΗΣ Β-ΓΛΥΚΟΣΙΔΑΣΗΣ, ΤΟΥΛΑΧΙΣΤΟΝ ΜΙΑ ΙΣΤΙΔΙΝΗ ΚΑΙ ΕΝΑ ΚΑΡΒΟΞΥΛΙΚΟ ΑΜΙΝΟΞΥ. ΑΝΙΧΝΕΥΘΗΚΑΝ ΠΡΟΙΟΝΤΑ ΤΡΑΝΣΓΛΥΚΟΣΥΛΙΩΣΗΣ ΜΕ ΥΠΟΣΤΡΩΜΑΤΑ ΚΕΛΛΟΒΙΟΖΗ ΚΑΙ ΛΑΚΤΟΖΗ, ΚΑΙ ΜΕΛΕΤΗΘΗΚΑΝ ΩΣ ΠΡΟΣ ΤΟΝ ΒΑΘΜΟ ΠΟΛΥΜΕΡΙΣΜΟΥ ΤΟΥΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΟ ΕΙΔΟΣ ΤΩΝ ΓΛΥΚΟΖΙΤΙΚΩΝ ΤΟΥΣ ΔΕΣΜΩΝ. ΑΠΟ ΣΠΟΡΟΥΣ ΚΡΙΘΑΡΙΟΥ ΠΟΥ ΕΙΧΑΝ ΒΛΑΣΤΗΣΕΙ ΑΠΟΜΟΝΩΘΗΚΕ ΜΙΑ ΜΟΡΦΗ ΜΙΚΡΟΤΕΡΟΥ ΜΟΡΙΑΚΟΥ ΒΑΡΟΥΣ. ΟΙ ΔΥΟ ΜΟΡΦΕΣ ΕΧΟΥΝ ΤΙΣ ΙΔΙΕΣ ΦΥΣΙΚΕΣ ΙΔΙΟΤΗΤΕΣ ΚΑΙ ΑΜΙΝΟΤΕΛΙΚΑ ΑΚΡΑ, ΑΛΛΑ ΔΙΑΦΕΡΟΥΝ ΣΤΙΣ ΚΑΤΑΛΥΤΙΚΕΣ ΣΤΑΘΕΡΕΣ ΚΑΙ ΚΑΡΒΟΞΥΛΙΚΑ ΑΚΡΑ. Η Β-ΓΛΥΚΟΣΙΔΑΣΗ ΧΡΗΣΙΜΟΠΟΙΗΘΗΚΕ ΜΕ ΤΗ ΜΟΡΦΗ ΚΑΘΗΛΩΜΕΝΟΥ ΕΝΖΥΜΟΥ ΣΕ ΒΙΟΑΝΤΙΔΡΑΣΤΗΡΑ ΓΙΑ ΤΗΝΥΔΡΟΛΥΣΗ ΛΑΚΤΟΖΗΣ ΣΕ ΤΥΡΟΓΑΛΑ. ΩΣ ΦΟΡΕΑΣ ΧΡΗΣΙΜΟΠΟΙΗΘΗΚΕ ΒΑΜΒΑΚΕΡΟ ΥΦΑΣΜΑ. ΤΟΜΕΓΙΣΤΟ ΠΟΣΟΣΤΟ ΥΔΡΟΛΥΣΗΣ ΗΤΑΝ 40% ΣΕ ΧΡΟΝΙΚΟ ΔΙΑΣΤΗΜΑ 120 ΩΡΩΝ 37 C ΚΑΙ ΑΝΑΔΕΥΣΗ 400 ΣΤΡ /ΛΕΠΤΟ. ΤΕΛΟΣ Η Β-ΓΛΥΚΟΣΙΔΑΣΗ ΚΡΥΣΤΑΛΛΩΘΗΚΕ ΜΕ ΣΚΟΠΟ ΤΟΝ ΠΡΟΣΔΙΟΡΙΣΜΟ ΤΗΣ ΔΟΜΗΣ ΤΟΥ ΜΟΡΙΟΥ ΤΗΣ.
Precedent Names in B. Werber’s Postmodern Discourse: Communicative Aspect
Authors: Beley M.
Published: August 2021

This article reveals the peculiarities of the use of precedent names in the novels "Empire of Angels", "The Breath of the Gods" and "The Last Secret" by the contemporary French writer Bernard Werber. The communicative aspect is traced in the interaction of the cosmopolitan postmodern worldview of different peoples. Particular attention is paid to myths and the postmodern reading of ancient Greek myths in the author's works. The phenomenon of "speaking names" is also examined and their use in some works of French literature is traced.
Teaching Terminological Accuracy as the Quality of Professional Communication
Authors: Deykina Alevtina , Cukanova E.
Published: August 2021

The article draws attention to the value component of professional communication - a methodological term in the field of teaching the Russian language and the accuracy of its use in professional communication, identifies systemic connections between the terms that name the basic categories of the methodology, indicates their properties and features of working with dictionary entries of terms.
Phraseology in Teaching Professional Communication in Russian Language to Foreign Students
Authors: Basko N.
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the role and possibilities of using phraseology in teaching professional communication skills in Russian to foreign students. As an example, phraseological units are discussed that are used in professional communication in the field of economics and business. The article contains such linguistic characteristics of phraseological units in the economic discourse as semantics, stylistic properties, etymology, communicative value. Teaching professional communication with the use of phraseology assumes acquaintance of foreign students with the main linguistic characteristics of phraseological units, i.e. with their grammatical properties, lexical and syntactic compatibility, features of functioning in speech. Control tests are aimed at mastering the semantics of phraseological units, at developing the skills and abilities of using phraseological units in professional speech. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that the use of phraseological expressions in teaching professional communication allows to consider phraseology as one of the linguistic resources that contributes to the formation of communicative competence in the professional sphere among foreign students.
Kulturemy podhalańskie
Authors: Rak Maciej
Published: August 2021

PODHALE CULTUREMES Dialectologists interested in lexis gathered their resources in the form of dictionaries, subdialect texts and atlases, while ethnolinguists dealt with linguistic picture of the world as present in subdialect material. And in such a way was the Podhale subdialect described. However, these works fail to answer the following question – which words are particularly important for Podhale Gorals (highlanders)? It is a question of ethnolinguistics (to be exact – of ethnosemantics), and the answer is contained in the present monography. The concept of a cultureme has been used in translation studies, stylistics, and ethnolinguistics. In the last conceptualization (represented by Alicja Nagórko) a cultureme is closest to Anna Wierzbicka’s key words. Culturemes might be identified as key words important for a community’s self-awareness. Surveys, analyses of printed texts and Gorals’ utterances were used to identify Podhale culturemes. The researcher’s intuition played an important role. As a result, 34 culturemes were determined. Understanding these units is a key to understanding Podhale culture.
The Impact of Increase in Minimum Wages on Consumer Perceptions of Service: A Transformer Model of Online Restaurant Reviews
Authors: Puranam Dinesh , Kadiyali Vrinda , Narayan Vishal
Published: August 2021

We study the impact of an increase in minimum wages on consumer perceptions of service quality in the restaurant industry.
Learning to Manage Breadth: Experience as Repetition and Adaptation
Authors: Dutt Nilanjana , Lawrence Megan
Published: August 2021

We examine how experience-induced adaptations that affect the breadth of an ongoing activity affect performance. The research on organizational learning suggests that accumulating experience, both from repetition and adaptation at the activity level, improves outcomes. Yet, findings on the effects of increasing breadth—the number of different processes making up an activity—are mixed. Greater breadth exposes organizations to diverse activities. It also generates an additional need for coordination that may undermine performance. We examine the joint effect of experience and breadth on waste reduction for U.S. manufacturing facilities managing their toxic waste from 1991 to 2014. These facilities manage toxic waste on a chemical by chemical basis. We find a detrimental effect of breadth on performance that is highest for facilities with low experience; however, this effect is moderated by experience with the waste management activity. Because most facilities manage toxic waste from several chemicals, we also see spillovers—in terms of both learning benefits and the costs of increasing breadth. When a facility expands waste management breadth anywhere, performance decreases for the focal chemical. Yet, this spillover effect of breadth decreases for activities where the facility has accrued more experience. Our research clarifies when facilities should consider adding breadth to a routine activity and why performance in the proximate period may falter as the organization learns and improves in the longer term.
Constelações benjaminianas: um pensamento-intervenção na pesquisa em Psicologia
Authors: Brito Janaina Madeira , Freitas Maria Carolina De Andrade , Chambela Suzana Maria Gotardo
Published: August 2021

Este artigo apresenta, de modo singular, o entrecruzamento de pesquisas que partilharam um campo comum no município de Serra/ES. As pesquisadoras trabalham a noção de intervenção em duas direções: o movimento de implementação de comissões de saúde no trabalho da educação básica e a política de narratividade oriunda desta experiência. Uma pesquisa-narrativa afirma-se nas ferramentas do pensamento-escrita e dos conceitos-arma, exercício de transmissão dessas pesquisas enquanto experiência de narração apontando para a Erfahrung benjaminiana. As noções de história aberta, do pensamento como mônada, da imagem dialética e do tempo de ruptura no contemporâneo forjam a política de escrita deste artigo. Localizar a memória de lutas menores e dos vencidos da história dão o tom analítico para a prática da escrita como processo de pesquisa-intervenção. Esta é a constelação que problematiza a dimensão da subjetivação que atravessa políticas de produção de conhecimento da psicologia em sua interface com a educação.
Investigation of the hemostatic effects of freeze-dried extracts of selected Kenyan plants
Authors: WAWERU PETER , MAKUNYI ELIPHAS GITONGA , BUKACHI FREDERICK
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Makunyi EG, Bukachi F, Waweru P. 2019. Investigation of the hemostatic effects of freeze-dried extracts of selected Kenyan plants. Biofarmasi J Nat Prod Biochem 17: 39-46. This study aims to investigate the effect and mechanism of action of freeze-dried extracts of Tridax procumbens, Terminalia brownii, Euphorbia tirucalli, and Asphillia africana on hemostasis. Freeze-dried extract of the selected plants was prepared and dose determined for the study. Twelve male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly allocated to two groups (control and test). Blood was collected under standard procedures. Duke's method was used for the bleeding time while the capillary method was used for clotting time. ACL Elitepro machine was used to do prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time. Thromboelastography was done for the most potent extracts. Data were analyzed using independent t-test and results were presented as mean± standard error of means. Differences were considered to be significant if P < 0.05. The results showed that the percentage yield of the extract was; Tridax procumbens (0.8%), Terminalia brownii (0.5%), Euphorbia tirucalli (0.2%) and Aspillia pluriseta (1.3%). Bleeding and clotting time: The bleeding time was reduced by freeze-dried leaf extract of Tridax procumbens (p = 0.0068) and by freeze-dried bark extract of Terminalia brownii (p=0.0068). Freeze-dried leaf extract of Asphillia africana increased the bleeding time (p=0.01). The clotting time was reduced by freeze-dried leaf extract of Tridax procumbens (p = 0.038), the freeze-dried bark extract of Terminalia brownii (p=0.043) and by freeze-dried stem extract of Euphorbia tirucalli (p=0.01). Prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin time: The prothrombin time was reduced by freeze-dried leaf extract of Tridax procumbens (p = 0.004), the freeze-dried bark extract of Terminalia brownii (p<0.001) and Freeze-dried stem extract of Euphorbia tirucalli (p=0.001). Activated partial thromboplastin time was reduced by freeze-dried leaf extract of Tridax procumbens (p< 0.001), the freeze-dried bark extract of Terminalia brownii (p<0.001) and by freeze-dried stem extract of Euphorbia tirucalli (p<0.001). The results for thromboelastogrpahy showed that four parameters of thromboelastography were tested. Freeze-dried leaf extract of Tridax procumbens reduced the r time (p =0.04), k time (p=0.04) and maximum amplitude (p =0.026) but increased the alpha angle (p =0.01). The freeze-dried bark extract of Terminalia brownii did not have statistically significant differences in thromboelastography variables.
Phytochemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Ochna thomasiana
Authors: MUEMA MBITHI JUSTUS , MACHOCHO ALEX K. , GIKONYO NICHOLAS K.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Muema MJ, Machocho AK, Gikonyo NK. 2018. Phytochemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Ochna thomasiana. Biofarmasi J Nat Prod Biochem 18: 29-41. Infectious diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide despite the vigorous campaigns that have been made to combat them. This study aimed at the determination and evaluation of the biological activities of Ochna thomasiana Engl. & Gilg ex Gilg. Here, we screened the plant extracts and tested for their antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi (clinical isolate), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Various chromatographic techniques separated and isolated the active compounds from this plant. The extracts were purified using silica gel, column chromatography (CC), Sephadex gel, and preparative thin-layer chromatography (PTLC). Structure characterization was determined using standard spectroscopic methods: Infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy (MS) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT), carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), coherence spectroscopy (COSY), heteronuclear multiple bond coherence (HMBC) and heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC). Compounds identified from the extracts are Lophirone A (18), afzelone D dimethyl ether (20), calodenone (17), a mixture of stigmasterol (74) and ?-sitosterol (23) and 3?-acetyl-24-ethylfriedelane (75). The stem and root bark of methanol crude extracts showed high activity against the Gram-positive bacteria. Lophirone A, afzelone D dimethyl ether, and 3?-acetyl-24- ethylfriedelane showed high activity against S. aureus. The results showed the root of O. thomasiana contains biflavonoids, and some sterols as its constituents and their antimicrobial activity are significant and is a lead towards the development of antimicrobial agents. The essential bioactive compounds and the antimicrobial activity of the crude extracts of this plant confirms its use in traditional medicine. However, there is a need to test the effectiveness of the crude extracts and isolated compounds via in vivo and in vitro evaluation. The plant species should be cultivated using good agricultural practices for medicinal plants for the future assessment of their activity against pathogens.
Virtual clinics in foot and ankle surgery: patient and clinician perceptions
Authors: Rhind J-H , Devany A , Ramhamadany E , Ismael S , Heaver C , Hill S
Published: August 2021

Background

The worldwide COVID-19 pandemic has led to the popularisation of ‘virtual’ clinics. In orthopaedics, little is known about the use of virtual clinics within foot and ankle surgery, specifically.

Methods

A cross-sectional observation study of patients and clinicians in response to virtual clinics in foot and ankle surgery. Patients seen in a virtual clinic were contacted by telephone from two weeks after their consultation and asked to complete a 12-point questionnaire. Demographic information was also collected. Clinicians in foot and ankle completed a 10-point questionnaire.

Results

One hundred patient responses were collected. Patient satisfaction with virtual clinics was positive, with 65% of respondents reporting they were very happy (Likert scale rating 5). More than 90% of patients felt they received enough information, felt involved, felt the virtual clinic was helpful and knew who to contact if there was a problem. However, 79% would still prefer a face-to-face consultation, and 22% would have preferred a video consultation. Clinician responses were more cautious, with 60% stating they were neither happy nor unhappy (Likert scale rating 3). Virtual clinics may be faster for the clinician.

Conclusions

Virtual clinics may be more convenient for patients, with high satisfaction levels reported, but represent significant clinical challenges for foot and ankle surgeons. Elements of virtual clinics may persist post pandemic, particularly in routine follow-up. Virtual clinics are not appropriate for new patient referrals.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the third sector and carers in the UK
Authors: Jones Carys
Published: August 2021

The COVID-19 outbreak that emerged at the end of 2019 has had a significant and ongoing global impact. This article discusses the impact on the third sector in the UK and the carers who use third sector services.
Optical and visual quality of real intraocular lenses physically projected on the patient’s eye
Authors: Benedi-Garcia Clara , Vinas Maria , Lago Carmen M , Aissati Sara , de Castro Alberto , Dorronsoro Carlos , Marcos Susana
Published: August 2021

Visual simulators aim at evaluating vision with ophthalmic corrections prior to prescription or implantation of intraocular lenses (IOLs) in the patient’s eye. In the present study, we present the design, implementation, and validation of a new IOL-in-cuvette channel in an Adaptive Optics visual simulator, which provides an alternative channel for pre-operative simulation of vision with IOLs. The IOL is projected on the pupil’s plane of the subject by using a Rassow system. A second lens, the Rassow lens, compensates for an IOL of 20 D while other powers can be corrected with a Badal system within a 5 D range. The new channel was evaluated by through-focus (TF) optical quality in an artificial eye on bench, and by TF visual acuity in patients, with various IOL designs (monofocal, diffractive trifocal, and refractive extended depth of focus).
A spatio-temporal analysis of scrub typhus and murine typhus in Laos; implications from changing landscapes and climate
Authors: Roberts Tamalee , Parker Daniel M. , Bulterys Philip L. , Rattanavong Sayaphet , Elliott Ivo , Phommasone Koukeo , Mayxay Mayfong , Chansamouth Vilada , Robinson Matthew T. , Blacksell Stuart D. , Newton Paul N.
Published: August 2021

Background

Scrub typhus (ST) and murine typhus (MT) are common but poorly understood causes of fever in Laos. We examined the spatial and temporal distribution of ST and MT, with the intent of informing interventions to prevent and control both diseases.

Methodology and principle findings

This study included samples submitted from 2003 to 2017 to Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, for ST and MT investigation. Serum samples were tested using IgM rapid diagnostic tests. Patient demographic data along with meteorological and environmental data from Laos were analysed.

Approximately 17% of patients were positive for either ST (1,337/8,150 patients tested) or MT (1,283/7,552 patients tested). While both diseases occurred in inhabitants from Vientiane Capital, from the univariable analysis MT was positively and ST negatively associated with residence in Vientiane Capital. ST was highly seasonal, with cases two times more likely to occur during the wet season months of July-September compared to the dry season whilst MT peaked in the dry season. Multivariable regression analysis linked ST incidence to fluctuations in relative humidity whereas MT was linked to variation in temperature. Patients with ST infection were more likely to come from villages with higher levels of surface flooding and vegetation in the 16 days leading up to diagnosis.

Conclusions

The data suggest that as cities expand, high risk areas for MT will also expand. With global heating and risks of attendant higher precipitation, these data suggest that the incidence and spatial distribution of both MT and ST will increase.
The attributes of the images representing the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus affect people’s perception of the virus
Authors: Andreu-Sánchez Celia , Martín-Pascual Miguel Ángel
Published: August 2021

Background

The recent COVID-19 pandemic has seen an explosion of coronavirus-related information. In many cases, this information was supported by images representing the SARS-CoV-2.

Aim

To evaluate how attributes of images representing the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus that were used in the initial phase of the coronavirus crisis in 2020 influenced the public’s perceptions.

Methods

We have carried out an in-depth survey using 46 coronavirus images, asking individuals how beautiful, scientific, realistic, infectious, scary and didactic they appeared to be.

Results

We collected 91,908 responses, obtaining 15,315 associations for each category. While the reference image of SARS-CoV-2 used in the media is a three-dimensional, colour, illustration, we found that illustrations of the coronavirus were perceived as beautiful but not very realistic, scientific or didactic. By contrast, black and white coronavirus images are thought to be the opposite. The beauty of coronavirus images was negatively correlated with the perception of scientific realism and didactic value.

Conclusion

Given these effects and the consequences on the individual’s perception, it is important to evaluate the influence that different images of SARS-CoV-2 may have on the population.
Multi-omics subtyping pipeline for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Gillenwater Lucas A. , Helmi Shahab , Stene Evan , Pratte Katherine A. , Zhuang Yonghua , Schuyler Ronald P. , Lange Leslie , Castaldi Peter J. , Hersh Craig P. , Banaei-Kashani Farnoush , Bowler Russell P. , Kechris Katerina J.
Published: August 2021

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of mortality in the United States; however, COPD has heterogeneous clinical phenotypes. This is the first large scale attempt which uses transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics (multi-omics) to determine whether there are molecularly defined clusters with distinct clinical phenotypes that may underlie the clinical heterogeneity. Subjects included 3,278 subjects from the COPDGene cohort with at least one of the following profiles: whole blood transcriptomes (2,650 subjects); plasma proteomes (1,013 subjects); and plasma metabolomes (1,136 subjects). 489 subjects had all three contemporaneous -omics profiles. Autoencoder embeddings were performed individually for each -omics dataset. Embeddings underwent subspace clustering using MineClus, either individually by -omics or combined, followed by recursive feature selection based on Support Vector Machines. Clusters were tested for associations with clinical variables. Optimal single -omics clustering typically resulted in two clusters. Although there was overlap for individual -omics cluster membership, each -omics cluster tended to be defined by unique molecular pathways. For example, prominent molecular features of the metabolome-based clustering included sphingomyelin, while key molecular features of the transcriptome-based clusters were related to immune and bacterial responses. We also found that when we integrated the -omics data at a later stage, we identified subtypes that varied based on age, severity of disease, in addition to diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide, and precent on atrial fibrillation. In contrast, when we integrated the -omics data at an earlier stage by treating all data sets equally, there were no clinical differences between subtypes. Similar to clinical clustering, which has revealed multiple heterogenous clinical phenotypes, we show that transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics tend to define clusters of COPD patients with different clinical characteristics. Thus, integrating these different -omics data sets affords additional insight into the molecular nature of COPD and its heterogeneity.
The gut microbiome in sickle cell disease: Characterization and potential implications
Authors: Brim Hassan , Taylor James , Abbas Muneer , Vilmenay Kimberly , Daremipouran Mohammad , Varma Sudhir , Lee Edward , Pace Betty , Song-Naba Waogwende L. , Gupta Kalpna , Nekhai Sergei , O’Neil Patricia , Ashktorab Hassan
Published: August 2021

Background

Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is an inherited blood disorder that leads to hemolytic anemia, pain, organ damage and early mortality. It is characterized by polymerized deoxygenated hemoglobin, rigid sickle red blood cells and vaso-occlusive crises (VOC). Recurrent hypoxia-reperfusion injury in the gut of SCD patients could increase tissue injury, permeability, and bacterial translocation. In this context, the gut microbiome, a major player in health and disease, might have significant impact. This study sought to characterize the gut microbiome in SCD.

Methods

Stool and saliva samples were collected from healthy controls (n = 14) and SCD subjects (n = 14). Stool samples were also collected from humanized SCD murine models including Berk, Townes and corresponding control mice. Amplified 16S rDNA was used for bacterial composition analysis using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). Pairwise group analyses established differential bacterial groups at many taxonomy levels. Bacterial group abundance and differentials were established using DeSeq software.

Results

A major dysbiosis was observed in SCD patients. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was lower in these patients. The following bacterial families were more abundant in SCD patients: Acetobacteraceae, Acidaminococcaceae, Candidatus Saccharibacteria, Peptostreptococcaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, Veillonellaceae, Actinomycetaceae, Clostridiales, Bacteroidacbactereae and Fusobacteriaceae. This dysbiosis translated into 420 different operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Townes SCD mice also displayed gut microbiome dysbiosis as seen in human SCD.

Conclusion

A major dysbiosis was observed in SCD patients for bacteria that are known strong pro-inflammatory triggers. The Townes mouse showed dysbiosis as well and might serve as a good model to study gut microbiome modulation and its impact on SCD pathophysiology.
Motivational profiles and their relationship with responsibility, school social climate and resilience in high school students
Authors: Manzano-Sánchez David , Gómez-Marmol Alberto , Jiménez-Parra José Francisco , Gil Bohórquez Isabel , Valero-Valenzuela Alfonso
Published: August 2021

The aim of this study was to assess the relationships among motivational profiles, their responsibility levels, the school social climate and resilience, and the differences according to gender and age of students from different secondary schools in Spain. A sample of 768 students (mean age of 13.84 years), 314 boys (46.1%) and 354 girls (53.9%) was used. The measurements taken concerned: personal and social responsibility, basic psychological need satisfaction, motivation, resilience and school social climate. Bivariate correlation, cluster and multivariate analyses were carried out. The cluster analysis was made using the Motivation toward Education Scale with its different variables (intrinsic, identified, introjected, external motivation and amotivation), revealing four profiles: low quality (1, low values in all motivational variables except in amotivation), low quantity (2, low values), high quantity (3, high values), and high quality (4, high values except in amotivation). The contrast in comparisons shows differences in resilience, personal and social responsibility, teacher climate and school climate (p < .001). The group with the highest values in resilience, basic psychological needs, responsibility and school social climate was that with a high quality profile. There were statistical differences in all variables with respect to the low quantity and low quality groups (p < .001), while the high quantity group showed statistical differences only in personal and social responsibility (p < .001). The low quality group had the lowest values among all the variables, with statistical differences with respect to all groups (p < .001). On the other hand, there were more boys than girls associated with high quantity, without differences in their age. In conclusion, high quality motivation profiles (those with high or low amotivation values and high values in autonomous and controlling motivation), also have a higher satisfaction of basic psychological needs. Moreover, these students are more resilient, show more responsibility and enhance the school/teaching social climate, while low quality and /or quantity motivation, influence negatively on these variables.
Inclusion of hybrid nanoparticles in hyperbolic tangent material to explore thermal transportation via finite element approach engaging Cattaneo-Christov heat flux
Authors: Nazir Umar , Sohail Muhammad , Alrabaiah Hussam , Selim Mahmoud M. , Thounthong Phatiphat , Park Choonkil
Published: August 2021

This report is prepared to examine the heat transport in stagnation point mixed convective hyperbolic tangent material flow past over a linear heated stretching sheet in the presence of magnetic dipole. Phenomenon of thermal transmission plays a vital role in several industrial manufacturing processes. Heat generation is along with thermal relaxation due to Cattaneo-Christov flux is engaged while modeling the energy equation. In order to improve the thermal performance, inclusion of hybrid nanoparticles is mixed in hyperbolic tangent liquid. The conservation laws are modeled in Cartesian coordinate system and simplified via boundary layer approximation. The modeled partial differential equations (PDEs) system are converted into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) system by engaging the scaling group transformation. The converted system of modeled equations has been tackled via finite element procedure (FEP). The efficiency of used scheme has been presented by establishing the grid independent survey. Moreover, accurateness of results is shown with the help of comparative study. It is worth mentioning that the inclusion of hybrid nanoparticles has significant higher impact on heat conduction as compared with nanoparticle. Moreover, hybrid nanoparticles are more efficient to conduct maximum production of heat energy as compared with the production of heat energy of nanoparticles. Hence, hybrid nanoparticles (MoS2/Ag) are observed more significant to conduct more heat energy rather than nanoparticle (Ag).
Role of circulating angiogenin levels in portal hypertension and TIPS
Authors: Queck Alexander , Uschner Frank E. , Ferstl Philip G. , Schulz Martin , Brol Maximilian J. , Praktiknjo Michael , Schierwagen Robert , Klein Sabine , Strassburg Christian P. , Meyer Carsten , Jansen Christian , Berres Marie-Luise , Trebicka Jonel
Published: August 2021

Background

Pathogenesis of portal hypertension is multifactorial and includes pathologic intrahepatic angiogenesis, whereby TIPS insertion is an effective therapy of portal hypertension associated complications. While angiogenin is a potent contributor to angiogenesis in general, little is known about its impact on TIPS function over time.

Methods

In a total of 118 samples from 47 patients, angiogenin concentrations were measured in portal and inferior caval vein plasma at TIPS insertion (each blood compartment n = 23) or angiographic intervention after TIPS (each blood compartment n = 36) and its relationship with patient outcome was investigated.

Results

Angiogenin levels in the inferior caval vein were significantly higher compared to the portal vein (P = 0.048). Ten to 14 days after TIPS, inferior caval vein angiogenin level correlated inversely with the portal systemic pressure gradient (P<0.001), measured invasively during control angiography. Moreover, patients with TIPS revision during this angiography, showed significantly lower angiogenin level in the inferior caval vein compared to patients without TIPS dysfunction (P = 0.01).

Conclusion

In cirrhosis patients with complications of severe portal hypertension, circulating levels of angiogenin are derived from the injured liver. Moreover, angiogenin levels in the inferior caval vein after TIPS may predict TIPS dysfunction.
Melanocyte progenitor cells reside in human subcutaneous adipose tissue
Authors: Ikeda Yuri , Wada Akino , Hasegawa Toshio , Yokota Mutsumi , Koike Masato , Ikeda Shigaku
Published: August 2021

Based on the assumption that some progenitor cells in an organ might reside in neighboring adipose tissue, we investigated whether melanocyte progenitor cells reside in human subcutaneous adipose tissue. First, we examined the expression of human melanoma black 45 (HMB45) and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) in undifferentiated adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) by immunostaining, RT-PCR, and western blotting. These two markers were detected in undifferentiated ADSCs, and their expression levels were increased in differentiated ADSCs in melanocyte-specific culture medium. Other melanocytic markers (Melan A, MATP, Mel2, Mel EM, tyrosinase, KIT, and PAX3) were also detected at variable levels in undifferentiated ADSCs, and the expression of some markers was increased during differentiation into the melanocyte lineage. We further showed that ADSCs differentiated in melanocyte-specific culture medium localized in the basal layer and expressed tyrosinase and HMB45 in a 3D epidermal culture system. Melanin deposits were also induced by ultraviolet-light-B (UVB) irradiation. These results demonstrate that melanocyte progenitor cells reside in human subcutaneous adipose tissue and that these cells might have the potential to differentiate into mature melanocytes. Melanocyte and keratinocyte progenitors residing in human subcutaneous tissue can be used for the treatment of skin diseases and skin rejuvenation in the future.
Novel CE-CBCE feature extraction method for object classification using a low-density LiDAR point cloud
Authors: Mohd Romlay Muhammad Rabani , Mohd Ibrahim Azhar , Toha Siti Fauziah , De Wilde Philippe , Venkat Ibrahim
Published: August 2021

Low-end LiDAR sensor provides an alternative for depth measurement and object recognition for lightweight devices. However due to low computing capacity, complicated algorithms are incompatible to be performed on the device, with sparse information further limits the feature available for extraction. Therefore, a classification method which could receive sparse input, while providing ample leverage for the classification process to accurately differentiate objects within limited computing capability is required. To achieve reliable feature extraction from a sparse LiDAR point cloud, this paper proposes a novel Clustered Extraction and Centroid Based Clustered Extraction Method (CE-CBCE) method for feature extraction followed by a convolutional neural network (CNN) object classifier. The integration of the CE-CBCE and CNN methods enable us to utilize lightweight actuated LiDAR input and provides low computing means of classification while maintaining accurate detection. Based on genuine LiDAR data, the final result shows reliable accuracy of 97% through the method proposed.
Spatial scales, patterns, and positivity trends of SARS-CoV-2 pandemics in mass rapid antigen testing in Slovakia
Authors: Boďová Katarína , Kollár Richard
Published: August 2021

We study geographical epidemic scales and patterns and positivity trends of SARS-CoV-2 pandemics in mass antigen testing in Slovakia in 2020. The observed test positivity was exponentially distributed with a long scale exponential spatial trend, and its characteristic correlation length was approximately 10 km. Spatial scales also play an important role in test positivity reduction between two consecutive testing rounds. While test positivity decreased in all counties, it increased in individual municipalities with low test positivity in the earlier testing round in a way statistically different from a mean-reversion process. Also, non-residents testing influences the mass testing results as test positivity of non-residents was higher than of residents when testing was offered only in municipalities with the highest positivity in previous rounds. Our results provide direct guidance for pandemic geographical data surveillance and epidemic response management.
The Drosophila Baramicin polypeptide gene protects against fungal infection
Authors: Hanson Mark Austin , Cohen Lianne B. , Marra Alice , Iatsenko Igor , Wasserman Steven A. , Lemaitre Bruno
Published: August 2021

The fruit flyDrosophila melanogastercombats microbial infection by producing a battery of effector peptides that are secreted into the haemolymph. Technical difficulties prevented the investigation of these short effector genes until the recent advent of the CRISPR/CAS era. As a consequence, many putative immune effectors remain to be formally described, and exactly how each of these effectors contribute to survival is not well characterized. Here we describe a novelDrosophilaantifungal peptide gene that we nameBaramicin A. We show thatBaraAencodes a precursor protein cleaved into multiple peptides via furin cleavage sites.BaraAis strongly immune-induced in the fat body downstream of the Toll pathway, but also exhibits expression in other tissues. Importantly, we show that flies lackingBaraAare viable but susceptible to the entomopathogenic fungusBeauveria bassiana. Consistent withBaraAbeing directly antimicrobial, overexpression ofBaraApromotes resistance to fungi and the IM10-like peptides produced byBaraAsynergistically inhibit growth of fungi in vitro when combined with a membrane-disrupting antifungal. Surprisingly,BaraAmutant males but not females display an erect wing phenotype upon infection. Here, we characterize a new antifungal immune effector downstream of Toll signalling, and show it is a key contributor to theDrosophilaantimicrobial response.
Comparison of the planting success and risks of pine weevil damage on mineral soil and drained peatland sites three years after planting
Authors: Luoranen Jaana , Viiri Heli
Published: August 2021

Over 20% of regeneration operations will be on drained peatland in the next decade in Finland. There are only a few studies comparing the planting success and the risk of pine weevil ( (L.) feeding damage on mineral soil and drained peatland. Thirty sites planted with Norway spruce ( (L.) H. Karst.) container seedlings in 2009 in Southern and Central Finland were inventoried three growing seasons after planting. Prediction models for the probability of survival, pine weevil damage and the presence of ground vegetation cover were done separately for peatland and mineral soil sites. The planting success was 17% lower on peatland sites (1379 surviving seedlings ha) than on mineral soil (1654 seedlings ha). The factors explaining the survival were the ground vegetation cover and type of the planting spot on the peatland, and the ground vegetation cover on mineral soil. On mineral soil, 76% of the planting spots were on cultivated mineral soil while on peatland only 28% of the seedlings were planted on similar spots. There were also fewer seedlings that were surrounded by dense ground vegetation on mineral soil (4%) than on peatland (14%). Pine weevil feeding damage did not differ significantly on peatland (23%) or mineral soil (18%). The more time there was from clear-cutting, the more the probability of pine weevil feeding damage was reduced on both soil classes. Additionally, cover vegetation in the vicinity of the seedlings increased on mineral soil. Cultivated planting spots, especially those covered by mineral soil, prevented pine weevil feeding and reduced the harmful effects of vegetation on the seedlings both on mineral soil and peatland.Hylobius abetisPicea abiesâ1â1
A Study of Clinical Profile and Factors Influencing Outcome in Patients with Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Pandiyan Moogaambiga Solai Raja , Kanakaraju Kirubhakaran , Ranganathan Rangabashyam Seetharaman , Joseph Sheena Joseph Stanley
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined as the sudden impairment of renal function leading to retention of nitrogenous and other waste products normally cleared by the kidneys. The incidence of AKI during hospitalisation is estimated to be around 2 - 5 % and it complicates more than 50 % of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions. Development of AKI results in increased morbidity and mortality in patients and it’s an important negative prognostic factor in critically ill patients. So it is important to diagnose AKI early and study the clinical profile and factors influencing the outcome of AKI. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical profile of AKI and determine the influence of clinical and laboratory factors on prognosis. METHODS We studied 50 patients who developed AKI during admission in Vinayaga Mission’s Medical College and Hospital, Salem. Complete clinical examination and relevant investigations were done. Serum urea and creatinine was monitored for 5 days and at the time of discharge. All patients were treated conservatively and hemodialysis was done in those who required renal replacement therapy. The final outcome was assessed by whether there was complete or incomplete recovery of renal function. RESULTS Acute diarrhoeal illness (32 %) was the major cause of AKI in our study followed by pneumonia (12 %) and snakebite (10 %). Magnitude of rise in serum urea and creatinine levels significantly influenced outcome in our patients. Hyperkalemia, requirement of dialysis and increased duration of hospital stay were other factors that showed poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Outcome of patients developing AKI depends upon the underlying cause as well as severity of renal insult. We should be aware of risk factors of AKI and clinical factors associated with poor outcome. AKI is better prevented than cured. It should be diagnosed early and treated aggressively to improve patient outcomes. KEY WORDS Acute Kidney Injury, Clinical Outcome, Hemodialysis
Attitude, Social Presence, and Satisfaction of Dental Students toward E-Learning - A Cross-Sectional Study from Haryana, India
Authors: Mahesh Shakila , Bansal Savita , Hemalata Kruthiventi , Varghese Anila Maria
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND As the epidemic of corona virus disease - 19 (COVID – 19) has struck the entire world, schools and colleges had to shut, there was a sudden shift from in-person education to online education which became difficult for the institutions. There was a distinctive rise of e-learning and this method of learning has several amazing features that would be useful for use during this period as this will constitute a new and fantasizing method of learning for the students. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study. The study participants were the students from dental college in Faridabad from 1st year to the final year of under graduate (UG) program. The total number of participants were 340 students. An online questionnaire was designed and given to students through the platform, google forms. This questionnaire consisted of three parameters - attitude, social presence, and student satisfaction. RESULTS Among the 340 students, 40 % of the students were males and 60 % of them were females. The three domains measured attitude, social presence, and satisfaction; to elearning had fourteen, seven and nine questions respectively. Pearson’s correlation test was applied, P - value was significant at P ˂ 0.05. When the three perspectives of e-learning were correlated with e-learners using pearson’s correlation coefficient, it was found that there was a very strong positive correlation among these three domains (P = 0.0001 for all three perspectives).The correlation between the three perspectives of e-learning, attitude versus social presence was 0.773, attitude versus satisfaction was 0.756 and social presence versus satisfaction was 0.794. CONCLUSIONS A predominantly positive response has been observed for satisfaction aspect. The results showed a positive response as it was seen in other surveys. When it comes to the social presence, the study shows that the online setting becomes impersonal but the comfort in collaboration is better than offline model. KEY WORDS Learning, COVID - 19 Pandemic, Attitude, Satisfaction, Social Presence, Dental Students
The Study of Intra-Operative Difficulties in One Repeat Caesarean Section Compared with Two or More Caesarean Sections
Authors: Bano Arjumand , Srikavya Aithagoni
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND Most commonly done obstetric procedure globally is caesarean section. The incidence of C-section is continuously increasing because risk associated with vaginal delivery after caesarean, previous caesarean section is an important indication for Csection. The purpose of this study was to assess the difficulties during intra-operative period in women who undergo caesarean section repeatedly and also to study the comparison between difficulties with women with previous one caesarean section and women with previous 2 or more C-sections. METHODS It is a prospective observational study conducted on 150 women in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology in Chalmeda Anand Rao Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar in women with history of previous caesarean sections (one or more). The women were divided into two groups - Group 1 - Those with previous one caesarean section and Group 2 - Those with previous two or more caesarean sections. RESULTS Out of 150 cases randomly selected and studied who had repeated caesarean section,90 had 1 previous lower segment caesarean section (LSCS), 60 had two or more caesarean sections, the highest number of caesarean sections were performed on women between the age group of 20 - 29 years. Out of these, some cases did not show intra-operative complications, some showed variety of intra-operative complications. Most common type of complications that they came across were adhesions (44 %) in 1 previous LSCS, 65 % in 2 or more LSCS. There were no cases of scar rupture, uterine rupture, bowel injury, caesarean hysterectomy in the study population, probable reason could be that cases were taken elective or taken with a short trial of labour with high level of intrapartum monitoring. CONCLUSIONS Higher incidence of intra-operative complication is seen in women with previous caesarean sections. KEY WORDS Repeat C - Section, Adhesions, Intra-operative Complications