bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Viewpoint: How the Graphene Could Help to Decrease SARS-CoV-2 Spread?
Authors: Ruíz-Santoyo Victor , Romero-Toledo Rafael , Andrade-Espinoza Beatriz A. , Marañón-Ruiz Virginia F.
Published: April 2021

The COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) began in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Until February 2021, there are 110 million of infected people, 60 million have recovered and approximately 2.5 million have passed away worldwide according to WHO. The coronavirus pandemic is evolving very rapidly and represents a risk for health care workers and society in general. Moreover, pandemic has tested the limits of health systems by raising questions about forms of prevention, management of infections with conventional therapies and the use of diagnostic tools. In this article we discussed the possible role of the nanostructured-graphene based materials as aid tools for preventing the spread and infection of SARS-CoV-2. In this regard, nanotechnology could take part in the fight against the spread of future diseases caused by deadly viruses. However, its use should be well founded in terms of biocompatibility. Therefore, we have proposed an approach based on graphene nanomaterials as possible allies for the fight against the COVID-19 spread based on the physicochemical features that present these novel nanomaterials.
Interrelationships Among Grain Yield and Related Traits of Candidate Restorer Lines of Brassica Napus L.
Authors: Islam AKM Aminul , Chowdhury NK , Era FM , Rasul MG
Published: April 2021

Forty-three candidate restorer lines of Brassica napus were evaluated for 11 agronomic traits for genetic variability and interrelationships among yield traits to find out yield contributing traits. A wide range of variability and character association was observed among the lines. The line BNR-017 took the lowest time for first (26.67 days) and 100% flowering (41.00 days) whereas BNR-031 (74.33 days) and BNR-034 (74.00 days) matured earlier. The lines BNR-022 (1.07m) and BNR-026 (1.02m) were found with the shortest plant stature and all other lines were in average plant height of around 1.35m. The lines BNR-039, BNR-011, BNR-001, BNR-013 and BNR-014 were found the best performer for number of pods per plant, seeds per pod and seed yield per plant. Estimates of genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation were high (≥30%) for seed yield per plant (30.52 and 33.13, respectively). High broad sense heritability was recorded for 1000-seed weight (97.69%), days to ripening (97.12%), days to first flowering (96.80%), days to 100% flowering (95.50%) and pod length (92.74%). Significant and negative correlation was observed between seed yield per plant and number of seeds per pod, -0.217* and -0.192*, respectively both at genotypic and phenotypic level, while the highest positive and significant genotypic (0.786**) and phenotypic (0.795**) correlation were found with pod length. Path co-efficient analysis showed the highest positive and direct phenotypic effect of number of seeds per pod (1.221) on seed yield per plant while days to first flowering had the maximum negative direct effect (-0.039). The results of genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation, heritability and genetic advance in percent of mean, correlation co-efficient and path coefficient revealed that pods per plant, pod length, seeds per pod and 1000-seed weight could be used as selection criteria to increase seed yield in rapeseed.

Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2020) 24(1) : 51-64
Prevalence of Psychrotrophic Bacteria During Frozen Storage of Raw Milk
Authors: Ahmed S , Sumon S MMR , Hossain MD , Bostami ABM Rubayet , Rahman MM
Published: April 2021

The study was aimed to enumerate the load of psychrotrophic bacteria in raw milk stored in freezer. Raw milk was collected from 18 different sized dairy farms located in Gazipur and Mymensingh district. From each location equal number (three of each) of small, medium or large farms were randomly selected. The raw milk samples were stored in freezer (-18 to -22 oC) for 28 days and analyzed for psychrotrophic bacterial load at every 7 days interval. For total viable count, bacteria was grown onto plate count agar at 70C for 10 days. Bacteria grown under such conditions referred as psychrotrophs. However, to determine the type of psychrotrophs selected colonies were grown further onto pseudomonas agar base and gram staining, oxidase, catalase and methyl red test for each isolate were perfomed. The psychrotrophic bacterial load in all the samples were low until 14 days of storage. However, from the third week of storage the bacterial load was observed to increase which reached to as high as 1.1 ± 2.3×107 cfu/mL at the end of the storage period (28 days). The milk samples obtained from large farms were lower (1.3×105 to 6.6×106) than that of medium (1.7×105 to 8.8×106) and small (2.0×105 to 1.1×107) type farms. The bacterial load was significantly (P<0.01) varied among the samples suggesting the heterogeneous management practices in dairy farms. All the morphological and biochemical tests confirmed the isolates as pseudomonas. Based on the present findings, it could be suggested that raw milk can store in the freezer maximum for two weeks in terms of psychrotrophic bacterial load.

Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2020) 24(1) : 65-76
Application of Gliricidia sepium Tree Leaves and Nitrogen Fertilizer to Improve Tomato Production and Soil Properties
Authors: Keya SS , Miah MG , Rahman MA , Islam MT
Published: April 2021

Excess use of agrochemicals for intensive cultivation affects crop quality and destroys agro-ecosystems, and eventually creates health hazards. The study aims to investigate the effect of Gliricidia sepium (GS) tree leaf as suitable green manures for supplementing nutrient supply along with nitrogen (N) fertilizer to produce quality tomato and soil fertility improvement. A field experiment was conducted at the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Bangladesh, from November 2016 to March 2017. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (two factors) with three replications. There were nine treatment combinations with three levels of GS tree leaves (5, 10 and 15 t ha−1) and three doses of N (0, 50 and 100% of the recommended dose of fertilizer). The highest tomato yield was recorded in GS15×N100 treatment combination, which was 41.68% higher compared to the control treatment. Decreasing C: N ratio in increasing dose of GS and N treated plot indicated the quality of tree leaves that ensures faster decomposition and high nutrient release pattern of this species. Increasing rate of soil pH and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in different treatments as compared to initial soil showed soil fertility improvement. Overall, the results indicated that quality tomato could be grown successfully by the application of G. sepium tree leaves along with an appropriate amount of N fertilizer.

Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2020) 24(1) : 77-87
Status of Price Variations of Fish, Livestock and Poultry Products: A Case Study in Gazipur District of Bangladesh
Authors: Parvin MT , Amin MR , Acharjee DC , Alam GMM
Published: April 2021

This study examined the pattern of price variations of major fish, livestock and poultry products in Gazipur district of Bangladesh. The secondary data on the average wholesale and retail prices of ten important commodities for a period of six years (June 2014 to June 2019) were collected from the Department of Agricultural Marketing (DAM) under the Ministry of Agriculture of the Government. The averages were calculated from a total of 1900 wholesalers and 2450 retailers in Gazipur district. Polynomial trend model was used to understand the nature of changes in the prices of the selected commodities and to make short-term forecasting. The model revealed a different pattern of price change for different commodities in both wholesale and retail markets. In case of mutton, egg (chicken), egg (duck), beef, and silver carp fish, it was highly upward sloping which indicates that price of these commodities will increase at an increasing rate in the upcoming years. A moderately increasing rate of price change was observed for katla fish in both the markets while for broiler, indigenous chicken and rohu fish, it was found a downward sloping. On the contrary, the projection indicates that the price of tilapia fish would remain stable in the near future. Such a scenario suggest that market monitoring system should be strengthened by the government to control the extreme increase or decrease in prices so that none of the stakeholders would be the gainer nor looser from the pricing policy in Bangladesh.

Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2020) 24(1) : 99-112
Occurrence and Pest Severity of Whitefly on Different Varieties of Chili
Authors: Nasrin M , Amin MR , Miah MRU , Akanda AM , Miah GM
Published: April 2021

Seasonal abundance, distribution and pest severity of white fly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) were studied on the chili (Capsicum spp.) varieties namely BARI Morich 1, BARI Morich 2, BARI Morich 3, BINA Morich 1 and Bogura Morich during November 2017 to June 2018 at Gazipur in Bangladesh. Results showed that the white fly started to build up their population from 2nd week of February on the chili varieties and exerted the peak abundance at the last week of February when the plants were at flowering stage. Abundances of white fly positively correlated with maximum temperature and relative humidity, and negatively correlated with minimum temperature and rainfall. Meteorological parameters predicted 11.6 to 32.9% abundance of whitefly on the chili varieties. Occurrence of white fly on different strata of the varieties was statistically low on BARI Morich 2 compared to other varieties. Virus infection levels among the varieties differed significantly and BARI Morich 2 showed the lowest level of infection. BARI Morich 2, Bogura Morich and BARI Morich 1 revealed low level of leaf curl indices (6.8 to 9.3%) and these varieties could be selected for cultivation in the areas where whitefly is a major pest of chili.

Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2020) 24(1) : 127-135
Penerapan Algoritma K-Means dalam Pengelompokkan Rumah Tangga Menurut Provinsi dan Status Kepemilikan Rumah Milik Sendiri
Authors: Sianipar Kristin D R , Siahaan Septri Wanti , Gunawan Indra
Published: April 2021

Rumah merupakan tempat atau wadah untuk melindungi manusia dari udara panas atau dingin. Rumah tangga adalah sekumpulan orang yang berkumpul di suatu tempat dan berbagi makanan, berteduh, dan lain-lain. Orang yang tinggal serumah, ada yang tinggal di kost dan ada yang sudah memiliki status kepemilikan rumah sendiri. Penelitian yang dilakukan penulis membahas tentang Penerapan Pengelompokan Rumah Tangga Menurut Provinsi dan Status Kepemilikan Rumah Milik Dengan Menggunakan Algoritma K-Means. Data penelitian bersumber dari Badan Pusat Statistik. Data yang digunakan untuk melakukan ini adalah data persentase rumah tangga menurut provinsi dan status kepemilikan rumah sendiri tahun 1999-2019. Data terdiri dari 34 provinsi. Variabel penelitian ini didasarkan pada jumlah rata-rata persentase rumah tangga menurut provinsi dan status kepemilikan rumah milik sendiri. Pengelompokan data akan dilakukan dengan membaginya menjadi 3 cluster, yaitu status kepemilikan rumah tingkat tinggi, status kepemilikan rumah sedang, dan status kepemilikan rumah milik sendiri rendah. Hasil penelitian ini berdasarkan Indeks Rumah Tangga menurut Provinsi dan Status Kepemilikan Rumah Milik, sebanyak 12 provinsi dengan kepemilikan rumah milik sendiri tinggi yaitu 86,14, 21 provinsi dengan kepemilikan rumah milik sendiri sedang yaitu 75 , 11, dan 1 provinsi dengan kepemilikan rumah milik sendiri rendah yaitu 51,61. Adanya penelitian ini dapat membuat masyarakat lebih berpikiran terbuka tentang memiliki rumah sendiri dengan status kepemilikan.

 

Kata kunci: Rumah Tangga; Pengelompokan; Masyarakat; Algoritma K-Means; Kepemilikan
Considerações sobre os desafios da escola básica atual: reflexões para uma sociedade mais plural
Authors: Ferreira Tássia Fernandes , Evêncio Kátia Maria de Moura , Sousa Alba Patrícia Passos de , Souza Lana Priscila
Published: April 2021

O trabalho aqui apresentado tem gênese em estudos desenvolvidos para uma pesquisa de dissertação, no âmbito do    curso de mestrado em Educação Brasileira da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), realizado no período de 2015 a 2017, pela autora principal. Posto isto, o presente artigo foi construído a partir do resgate da referida temática, e configura-se como uma pesquisa exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa, cujo embasamento teórico se deu com foco, principalmente, nos escritos de Bernard Charlot e nos marcos legais educacionais. Tivemos como objetivos centrais apresentar e discutir mudanças sofridas pela escola básica pública ao longo dos anos, a nível de Brasil, e seus impactos na educação; bem como refletir acerca dos desafios enfrentados pela escola, considerando seus contextos e sujeitos, em especial, os professores, na busca por uma sociedade mais plural, a partir de uma formação cidadã. Concluímos que, dentro da dinâmica social constantemente transformada - na qual se encontra a escola a qual nos referimos, com suas novas exigências, seu novo tipo de aluno e suas novas atribuições docentes -  apesar do que estabelecem os documentos legais, acerca de uma formação cidadã, muitos são os caminhos e as contradições em busca de uma educação que possibilite a promoção de uma sociedade mais plural.
Estudos In silico sobre as atividades anticancerígenas do Eugenol presente no Cravo Da Índia (Syzygium aromaticum)
Authors: Oliveira Natália Sakuray , Arruda Evilanna Lima
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Investigar as propriedades anticancerígenas do eugenol usando métodos In silico. Metodologia: é um artigo original utilizando a metodologia In silico atraves dos softwares PASS (Prediction of activity spectra for substances) online e GUSAR disponíveis de forma gratuita e livre. Resultados: Os resultados do sistema operacional online PASS demonstraram diversas atividades biológicas positiva, tais quais efeito antimutagênico, estimulante de caspase, tratamento pré neoplásico e agonista de apoptose tendo uma probabilidade de atividade (PA) bem superior a 0,700. Tais achados reforçam aos descritos na literatura que evidenciam um potencial antineoplásico devido o componente ter efeitos antioxidante, e estar vinculado a expressão de genes envolvidos na apoptose e inflamação. Tal como efeitos na regulação negativa de Bcl-2, COX-2 e IL-1ß, e ações na regulação positiva de P53, Bax e expressão ativa de Caspase-3, caspase-9 além de induzir a via da apoptose mitocondrial. Já pelo software GUSAR, foi observado a toxicidade, demonstrando que na categoria 4, estão as vias de administração intravenosa, oral, e subcutânea, indicando que é pouco tóxico. Já na categoria 5 enquadra-se a via intraperitoneal é relativamente atóxico. Tal achado ainda é obscuro e possui poucos artigos científicos para o embasamento. Conclusão: O Eugenol possui efeitos favoráveis para o tratamento e prevenção de diversos canceres e células mutagênicas, porém ainda há pouco conhecimento sobre a toxicidade deste componente. Assim, necessita de um maior aprofundamento sobre a temática.
Neuroprotective action of aspirin on Paraquat intoxication in on Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Carmo Mayslla Keylla Brito do , Figueiredo Mayara Oliveira Vidotto , Souza Joyce Marinho de , Souza Anderson Oliveira , Lima Carlos Antonio Couto
Published: April 2021

Acetylsalicylic acid or aspirin is the most widely used drug globally for its anti-inflammatory characteristics, although little is known about its actions on the central nervous system (CNS). We investigated aspirin's potential neuroprotective effects against paraquat-induced neurotoxicity (PQ) in the present study. Adult male wild-type flies were exposed to a diet containing PQ (3 mM) and/or aspirin (1 μM; 5 μM; 10 μM). Flies fed with PQ reduced locomotion and increased mortality. PQ-induced neurotoxicity has also been associated with a marked decrease in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and lipid peroxidation. Co-exposure to aspirin (5 μM) increased survival, improved motor performance, increased AChE activity, and decreased lipid peroxidation. Our results suggest aspirin's neuroprotective effects, probably due to its lysosomal action and antioxidant characteristics. Thus, we demonstrate that the Drosophila melanogaster model can elucidate basic aspirin mechanisms to assist the evaluations carried out in higher animals to minimize the neurodegenerative effects caused by diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's.
Miniestaquia seminal em Sarcomphalus joazeiro (Mart.) Hauenshild
Authors: Santos Mateus Macena dos , Arriel Eder Ferreira , Almeida Ediglécia Pereira de , Freire Antonio Lucineudo de Oliveira , Ferreira Cheila Deisy , Fernandes Samara Paulo dos Santos , Leite Juliana Araújo , França George Martins de , Batista Antonio Wesly
Published: April 2021

Sarcomphalus joazeiro (Mart.) Hauenshild é uma planta nativa do bioma Caatinga que destaca-se pela sua importância ecológica, utilizada como planta ornamental, fabricação de produtos comerciais, consumo animal e humano devido suas propriedades nutricionais e medicinais. A propagação de S. joazeiro por sementes tem como limitações a dificuldade de obtenção dos propágulos de dispersão em períodos de longa estiagem, declínio rápido do poder germinativo e necessidade de superação da dormência das sementes provocada pelo endocarpo duro e resistente, sendo que o principal método utilizado é o ácido sulfúrico concentrado, aumentando o custo e, riscos de sua manipulação e contaminação do meio ambiente. Uma alternativa para a propagação dessa planta é o uso da técnica de miniestaquia a partir de material juvenil de origem seminal, devido à independência de sementes para a produção de mudas. Diante do exposto, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo a formação e avaliação de um minijardim clonal de origem seminal da espécie S. joazeiro em seu primeiro ano de estabelecimento. Inicialmente foi estabelecido um minijardim clonal experimental S. joazeiro e, em seguida, a avaliação técnica desse minijardim. A sobrevivência das minicepas de S. joazeiro do minijardim clonal foi de 100% e a produtividade média em seu primeiro ano de avaliação foi boa (7,9 miniestacas/minicepa), indicando que esta técnica de propagação clonal tem potencial de ser adotada.
Pré-processamento de sinais Eletro-oculográficos (EOG)
Authors: Melo Junior Gilberto de , Vieira Sílvio Leão , Furriel Geovanne Pereira , Oliveira Filho Renato Milhomem de , Silva Brunna Carolinne Rocha , Naves Jane Sousa
Published: April 2021

Este trabalho visa estudar sinais eletrooculográficos (EOG) provenientes da aquisição, incluindo janelamento, e aplicação de filtros digitais para processamento e análise. EOG é um sinal que mede e registra o potencial de repouso da retina do olho. Aqui, desenvolvemos um algoritmo para detectar sinais de movimento do globo ocular relativos a eletrodos fixados na face. Os sinais bioelétricos foram coletados de 40 voluntários adultos saudáveis. A metodologia aplicada segue as normas e diretrizes internacionais para aquisição de dados de sinais de ECG e com a anuência do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa institucional. Dois filtros digitais Savitzky-Golay (SG) e Median Filter (FM), foram comparados. Como resultado, foram desenvolvidos e registrados softwares para janelamento de sinais e comparação entre filtros digitais, sendo o Savitzky-Golay o mais adequado para uso com EOG.
Efek Daun Picung (Pangium edule Reinw) sebagai Pengawet Ikan Nila Merah (Oreochromis sp.)
Authors: Fauzilah Isma , Santoso Hari , Zayadi Hasan
Published: April 2021

Red tilapia fish are one of the types of fish in fresh water cultivation by having good enough prospects to be developed. In the effort of processing and preserving fish in order to improve the quality of power as well as durable a product of fisheries post-harvest done at various events. It is generally performed by the society amongst others with low temperature, high temperature, fermentation or formalin. This research aims to know the influence of leaf picung on temperature and long preservation against organ changes eyes, gills, the texture and the smell of red tilapia fish. In the method this research uses experimental on the 4 treatment and 5 of repetition by observing organ eyes, gills, texture and smell. Data analysis techniques using friedman test followed by multiple comparison test. Based on the results of the research, leaves stew picung effect on temperature and long preservation in reduction organoleptic red tilapia fish. Organoleptic reduction on red tilapia fish known from the is eyeballs are sunken with a cloudy cornea and his pupils are grayish, the gills are gray accompanied by clotted brown mucus, the texture is rather soft with a little less elastic, it smells very foul. Long preservation of the slowest on the red tilapia fish soaked with the decoction of leaves picung with temperatures of 18 oC goes up to 56 hours.Keywords: Red tilapia fish, Leaf picung, Preserving, OrganolepticABSTRAKIkan nila merah adalah salah satu dari jenis ikan pada budidaya air tawar dengan memiliki prospek yang cukup baik untuk dapat dikembangkan. Dalam usaha pengolahan dan pengawetan ikan guna meningkatkan kualitas serta daya awet suatu produk perikanan pada pasca panen dilakukan berbagai acara. Umumnya yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat antara lain dengan suhu rendah, suhu tinggi, fermentasi atau formalin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh daun picung pada suhu dan lama pengawetan terhadap perubahan organ mata, insang, tekstur dan bau ikan nila merah. Metode pada penelitian ini menggunakan eksperimen pada 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan dengan mengamati organ mata, insang, tekstur dan bau. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji friedman dilanjut dengan uji perbandingan ganda. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian rebusan daun picung berpengaruh terhadap suhu dan lama pengawetan pada penurunan mutu organoleptik ikan nila merah. Penurunan mutu organoleptik pada ikan nila merah dapat diketahui dari bola matanya cekung dengan kornea keruh dan pupilnya keabu-abuan, insangnya berwarna abu-abu disertai lendir coklat yang bergumpal, teksturnya agak lunak dengan sedikit kurang elastis, baunya sangat busuk. Lama pengawetan yang paling lambat pada ikan nila merah direndam dengan rebusan daun picung dengan suhu 18 oC bertahan hingga 56 jam. Kata kunci: Ikan nila merah, Daun picung, Pengawetan, Organoleptik
Rancang Bangun Pengoperasian Lampu Menggunakan Sinyal Analog Smartphone Berbasis Mikrokontroller
Authors: Abidin Zainal , Tijaniyah Tijaniyah
Published: April 2021

Umumnya piranti elektonik pada rumah tangga dikendalikan secara manual, contohnya lampu. Lampu adalah piranti elektronik yang berfungsi untuk penerangan sehingga sangat penting untuk kegiatan di dalam rumah setiap harinya. Namun akan terjadi kesulitan untuk menyalakan lampu setiap waktu, secara manual saat seseorang  memiliki  kesibukan yang lain. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya alat pengendali yang bisa digunakan secara efisien dari jarak jauh. Berdasarkan pemikiran tersebut, Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuat alat yang dapat digunakan untuk mengendalikan ON/OFF lampu dari jarak jauh menggunakan sinyal analog  smartphone android berbasis mikrokontroler. Sistem kendali ini memanfaatkan wifi yang ada dalam Smartphone Android yang terhubung dengan ESP8266. Kemudian sinyal yang masuk akan diproses oleh Arduino Wemos D1 sebagai pusat kendali. Hasil pengujian elektronika pada penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa alat dapat memberi kemudahan untuk  pengguna saat ingin menghidupkan atau mematikan lampu. Sistem kendali lampu ini dapat dikelola secara mandiri untuk masing-masing lampu pada setiap ruangan yang dikendalikan oleh pengguna dari Web Browser aplikasi smartphone android yang sudah tersedia.
‘I use the words you taught me’: Beckett and Political Repetition
Authors: Davies William
Published: April 2021

Repetition is a key element of Samuel Beckett's writing. Phrases, themes, even whole texts repeat themselves throughout his oeuvre. This article situates this habit of repetition within two contexts: the tumultuous politics of the 1930s and 1940s through which Beckett lived, in which the repetitions of propaganda came to define political existence; and the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, in which nationwide lockdowns brought new forms of repetition to citizens around the world as societies strove to respond to the virus spread. In doing so, this article uses Beckett's responses to his historical moment to think through the political rhetoric of lockdown and national solidarity which emerged during the pandemic, particularly in the UK.
Modern requirements for spirometry in children
Authors: Dyakova S. E.
Published: April 2021

This article summarizes modern information concerning the aspects of spirometry in children; focuses on the conditions, features of preparation, implementation and analysis of spirometry results in children in order to obtain reliable, reproducible and comparable results in various laboratories; this information is intended for pediatricians, pulmonologists, doctors and secondary medical personnel of functional diagnostics offices.
GENDER DISCRIMINATION AS AN AGGRAVATING FACTOR OF THE GLOBAL FOOD PROBLEM
Authors:   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, LOFICHENKO OLGA , IVANNIKOV NIKITA
Published: April 2021

This article is devoted to the study of the impact of gender discrimination on malnutrition in the world, which has not lost its relevance for many years. The aim of the work is to identify the correlation between the level of tension of the global food problem and the degree of involvement of women in all spheres of human life, in particular the economy, on an equal basis with men. To achieve this goal, the authors identified the factors that contribute to world hunger, of which gender discrimination as an issue unresolved over decades was analyzed. In order to understand the importance of the gender issue, the paper presents facts and indicators that show that in many countries of the world the gap in rights between men and women actually exists. Without denying the possibility of the existence of the individual cases of gender discrimination against men, the authors consider women as the discriminated party. The work demonstrates women's contribution to world food security and identifies the limitations associated with different types of discrimination that prevent women from realizing their potential in this regard. Possible cases for both male and female gender were studied as well as cases related exclusively to women's physiological features.
GENDER ISSUES IN THE ANTI-IMMIGRANT AGENDA OF EUROPEAN RADICAL RIGHT
Authors:   Perm State University, Perm, Russian Federation, BURMISTROVA EKATERINA
Published: April 2021

An attempt to show the role of women's rights in the anti-immigrant agenda of European radical right has been undertaken in the article. The author addresses to representative trends of modern right-wing radicals in Europe. The concept of «Eurabia» and the theory of Great Replacement are used as the theoretical substantiation of the anti-migrant views of right-wing radicals. The main message of these theories is related to the fact that the decline in the birth rate in Europe, combined with the increase in migrant flows, will lead to the replacement of European politics and lifestyle with Islamic values. Radical right emphasize that the European way of life and values are fundamentally incompatible with the Muslim way of life. Moreover, within the framework of the policy of modernizing their image, right-wing radicals complement the concept of «traditional European values», which they have always defended, with «liberal» values of women's emancipation. Thus, right-wing radicals are forming the image of European enemy - a patriarchal Muslim migrant. To recreate this portrait and to identify the main features of the rhetoric of right-wing radicals regarding the threat of a migrant invasion of female emancipation, the author addresses party programs, political posters, interviews with party leaders, media materials and right-wing radical news portals. Special attention is paid to the debate about the right to wear the veil - the main pressure point for the European right, for whom veil is a kind of «banner» of Islam. The foregoing allows concluding that, on the one hand, the use of the women's rights expands the range of arguments of right-wing radicals against European migration policy, and on the other hand, it allows radical right to establish themselves as defenders of women's rights associated with human rights as the main European value.
ITALIAN WOMEN IN FRONT OF THE BALLOT BOX (ON THE POLITICAL PREFERENCES OF THE FEMALE ELECTORATE)
Authors:   MGIMO University, Moscow, Russian Federation, MASLOVA ELENA
Published: April 2021

The paper focuses on the political preferences of the female electorate in the Italian Republic. In particular, the main factors that affect the electoral behavior of women are considered, data on gender preference are given in the last parliamentary elections of 2018 and European 2019. The author concludes that the main trend - the low involvement of women in the political life of the country has remained since the First Republic. Given this, the female electorate represents an unrealized resource that can be used by political forces and Italian parties in the struggle for voter votes.
SOCIAL RELATIONS AND SELF-PRESENTATION OF THE YOUTH POLITICAL LEADERS OF ALTAI KRAI AND NOVOSIBIRSK OBLAST IN VKONTAKTE SOCIAL MEDIA
Authors:   Altai State University, Barnaul, Russian Federation, KAZANTSEV DMITRY
Published: April 2021

The article is dedicated to the research of self-presentation and social relations of the youth political leaders in VKontakte (VK) social media in Siberian Federal District by example of Altai krai and Novosibirsk oblast. This includes the analysis of social and political capital of the youth political organisations’ leaders in online environment. The goal of this research is to distinguish the forms and contents of self-presentation, the image of the youth political leaders, basing on their social relations and communications in VK. For this purpose, the author uses the TargetHunter parcer, as well as the R programming language for the open data harvesting, and Gephi program to create the social media graph. Conclusion. Basing on the research results, the author concludes that the youth political leaders actively use social media resources, particularly VK, to shape their image and promote it in public affairs. Meanwhile, the process of self-presentation of such leaders is impacted by numerous variables. It also tends to change its forms. VK is especially effective for political activity of the leaders who strive to gain their personal social capital, to create unique and high quality content, and to create channels for steady communication with their primary audience. As for the youth political organisations’ heads, their social media space is more miscellaneous and is usually subjected to clasterization, creating groups. The youth leaders also represent similar social environment. Therefore, the environment creates the leaders, as much as the leaders create the environment.
MONITORING PUBLIC ATTITUDE TO THE WORK OF POLICE IN KEMEROVO REGION - KUZBASS (BASED ON REGIONAL STUDIES)
Authors:   Kemerovo state University, Kemerovo, Russian Federation, MATVEEVA ELENA , SITDIKOV IGOR
Published: April 2021

The article aims to present a comparative analysis of the results of opinion polls conducted by all-Russian public opinion centers and regional research organizations regarding the work of the police based on the case of one division of the Siberian Federal District - Kemerovo Region - Kuzbass. It is noted that conducting such research acts as a kind of “feedback” tool between the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the public and is basically aimed at identifying the dynamics of current results and existing problems in the work of police officers. At the same time, the authors compare polls of different types (mass and online polls) and levels (federal or regional), which allows for a better analysis of the issue. The article analyzes data for the last few years obtained by the Public Opinion Foundation (FOM), the All-Russian Research Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, the Siberian Politics Foundation and the Centre for Regional Social and Political Research at the Institute of History and International Relations of Kemerovo State University. The main issues that are constantly monitored by the leadership of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and representing the subjects of tudy for opinion surveys include the degree of protection of the population, the level of trust to police officers, performance assessment, the degree of victimization of the population (whether a person was subjected to criminal attacks or not for over the past 12 months). The study made it possible to see the weak and strong aspects of both the survey results themselves using the case of the region and to trace the similarities and differences in the public evaluation throughout the country and in Kuzbass. For example, online polls in Kuzbass conducted in September 2020 against the background of the COVID: pandemic showed a “surge” of protest potential in the responses. In general, the study concluded that federal results tend to color the real situation offering a certain generalized result across the country, while the level of regional research is more objective in reflecting the real situation.
ECONOMIC INDICATORS OF THE TIMBER PROCESSING COMPLEX OF THE URALS DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR
Authors:   Technological Institute (Branch) of the National Research Nuclear University «MIFI», Lesnoy, Sverdlovsk region, Russian Federation, ZYKIN IVAN
Published: April 2021

During the Great Patriotic War, the forest industry of the Urals played an important role in the economy of the region and the Soviet Union. Based on the statistical data put into circulation by researcher A.A. Antoufiev, an analysis of the dynamics of the cost of production fixed assets and gross products in the forest industry of the Urals, including per worker, was undertaken. Due to the enemy’s seizure of part of the western territories of the country, thanks to the availability of forests available for operation, enterprises built and reconstructed in the years of the first five-year plans, equipment evacuation, and the fulfillment of defense orders, the share of this sector of the Urals in the production and value of the country’s forest industry increased. However, in the cost of gross products of the region, the share of the forest industry decreased due to the active development of engineering, metallurgy, and arms production. In the forest industry structure, the higher values of production funds and products per worker were in the pulp and paper and plywood industries, the lowest in the field of forest resources. Conclusions were made about an increase in the cost of funds in the Ural forest industry, a slight decrease in the cost of gross products, a lag in the actual labor productivity of workers from the indicators of industry in the region and the Soviet Union.
THE “RUSSIA’S PIVOT TO ASIA” AND PERSPECTIVE STRATEGY OF MULTILATERAL COOPERATION IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION
Authors:   East China Normal University, Shanghai, China, BIRYUKOV SERGEY ,   Siberian Institute of Management, Branch of RANEPA, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation,   National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
Published: April 2021

Russian diplomacy after the Ukrainian crisis of 2014 is in search of the most effective strategy that would meet the growing challenges of the modern world. The continued fragmentation (“creeping dismantling”) of the mechanisms and institutions on which the bipolar world has been built for decades requires a flexible and adequate foreign policy line that can be used to reduce risks and advance one’s own interests in an ever-changing situation. One of the elements of this strategy is a “turn to Asia” - a promising trend of Russian foreign policy, the consideration of which the author aims at. Based on the results of the analysis carried out in the article, the author comes to the conclusion that such a turn cannot be implemented within the framework of an inertial strategy - but it requires Russia to be active in building qualitatively new relations with other countries of the Asia-Pacific region (both bilateral and multilateral). It also appears that a “reversal” cannot be carried out within the framework of a tacking strategy - since tacking in foreign policy only reinforces the status quo, but does not help to move forward. The author believes that the best option of Russia’s strategy in the Asia-Pacific region is Pro-active construction - that is, building relations of multilateral partnership with all other countries in the region interested in maintaining its sustainable development, peaceful resolution of disputes, the development of interstate trade and cultural exchanges. Developing a strategic partnership with China, Russia is called upon and able to start a dialogue on partnership with other Asia-Pacific countries, using existing dialogue platforms (Asia-Pacific economic cooperation summits) to develop partnerships in different areas.
THE ACTIVITY OF YOUTH POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS AS A FACTOR IN THE REGIONAL POLITICAL PROCESS (CASE OF THE ALTAI KRAI)
Authors:   Altai State University, Barnaul, Russian Federation, ASSEV SERGEY , SHASHKOVA YAROSLAVA
Published: April 2021

The article is dedicated to the analysis on how actively the youth political organizations participate in public affairs of Altai Krai before major electoral cycle of 2021. The indications and reasons of crisis, which covers the most youth political parties and formally independent youth associations, are being studied. The data of the survey upon the youth of Altai Krai proved that the level of trust regarding those associations among the youth is quite low, as well as the opinion on their efficiency. Basing on online and offline activity analysis of the youth political organizations, the author concludes that not only formal, but actual presence on Altai Krai political space was only provided by the organizations which received support and resources of political parties that were represented in federal and regional legislature bodies. It has been noted that the regional youth political organizations can’t afford to carry on their individual political agenda. Such organizations are usually being brought to execute planned public outreach. The maximum of the youth potential, its’ human and electoral opportunities are used only in periods of significant election campaigns.
Individual Detection and Tracking of Group Housed Pigs in Their Home Pen Using Computer Vision
Authors: van der Zande Lisette. E. , Guzhva Oleksiy , Rodenburg T. Bas
Published: April 2021

Modern welfare definitions not only require that the Five Freedoms are met, but animals should also be able to adapt to changes (i. e., resilience) and reach a state that the animals experience as positive. Measuring resilience is challenging since relatively subtle changes in animal behavior need to be observed 24/7. Changes in individual activity showed potential in previous studies to reflect resilience. A computer vision (CV) based tracking algorithm for pigs could potentially measure individual activity, which will be more objective and less time consuming than human observations. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of state-of-the-art CV algorithms for pig detection and tracking for individual activity monitoring in pigs. This study used a tracking-by-detection method, where pigs were first detected using You Only Look Once v3 (YOLOv3) and in the next step detections were connected using the Simple Online Real-time Tracking (SORT) algorithm. Two videos, of 7 h each, recorded in barren and enriched environments were used to test the tracking. Three detection models were proposed using different annotation datasets: a young model where annotated pigs were younger than in the test video, an older model where annotated pigs were older than the test video, and a combined model where annotations from younger and older pigs were combined. The combined detection model performed best with a mean average precision (mAP) of over 99.9% in the enriched environment and 99.7% in the barren environment. Intersection over Union (IOU) exceeded 85% in both environments, indicating a good accuracy of the detection algorithm. The tracking algorithm performed better in the enriched environment compared to the barren environment. When false positive tracks where removed (i.e., tracks not associated with a pig), individual pigs were tracked on average for 22.3 min in the barren environment and 57.8 min in the enriched environment. Thus, based on proposed tracking-by-detection algorithm, pigs can be tracked automatically in different environments, but manual corrections may be needed to keep track of the individual throughout the video and estimate activity. The individual activity measured with proposed algorithm could be used as an estimate to measure resilience.
Investigation of Fats, Oils, and Grease Co-digestion With Food Waste in Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactors and the Associated Microbial Community Using MinION Sequencing
Authors: Iskander Syeed Md , Amha Yamrot M. , Wang Phillip , Dong Qin , Liu Juhe , Corbett Michael , Smith Adam L.
Published: April 2021

Co-digestion of fats, oils, and grease (FOG) with food waste (FW) can improve the energy recovery in anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs). Here, we investigated the effect of co-digestion of FW and FOG in AnMBRs at fat mass loading of 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 kg m–3 day–1 with a constant organic loading rate of 5.0 gCOD L–1 day–1 in both a single-phase (SP) and two-phase (TP) configuration. A separate mono-digestion of FW at an identical organic loading rate was used as the benchmark. During co-digestion, higher daily biogas production, ranging from 4.0 to 12.0%, was observed in the two-phase methane phase (TP-MP) reactor compared to the SP reactor, but the difference was statistically insignificant (p > 0.05) due to the high variability in daily biogas production. However, the co-digestion of FW with FOG at 1.0 kg m–3 day–1 fat loading rate significantly (p < 0.05) improved daily biogas production in both the SP (11.0%) and TP (13.0%) reactors compared to the mono-digestion of FW. Microbial community analyses using cDNA-based MinION sequencing of weekly biomass samples from the AnMBRs revealed the prevalence of Lactobacillus (92.2–95.7% relative activity) and Anaerolineaceae (13.3–57.5% relative activity), which are known as fermenters and fatty acid degraders. Syntrophic fatty acid oxidizers were mostly present in the SP and TP-MP reactors, possibly because of the low pH and short solid retention time (SRT) in the acid phase digesters. A greater abundance of the mcrA gene copies (and methanogens) was observed in the SP and MP reactors compared to the acid-phase (AP) reactors. This study demonstrates that FW and FOG can be effectively co-digested in AnMBRs and is expected to inform full-scale decisions on the optimum fat loading rate.
Effect of Solid-State Fermentation on Nutritional Quality of Leaf Flour of the Drumstick Tree (Moringa oleifera Lam.)
Authors: Shi Honghui , Yang Endian , Li Yun , Chen Xiaoyang , Zhang Junjie
Published: April 2021

The drumstick tree is a fast-growing multipurpose tree with a large biomass and high nutritional value. However, it has rarely been exploited as a protein source. This study investigated solid-state fermentation induced by Aspergillus niger, Candida utilis and Bacillus subtilis to obtain high-quality protein feed from drumstick leaf flour. The results showed that fermentation induced significant changes in the nutritional composition of drumstick leaf flour. The concentrations of crude protein, small peptides and amino acids increased significantly after fermentation. The protein profile was also affected by the fermentation process. Macromolecular proteins in drumstick leaf flour were degraded, whereas other high molecular weight proteins were increased. However, the concentrations of crude fat, fiber, total sugar and reducing sugar were decreased, as were the anti-nutritional factors tannins, phytic acid and glucosinolates. After 24 h fermentation, the concentrations of total phenolics and flavonoids were increased. The antioxidant capacity was also significantly enhanced.
Large-Scale Preparation of Highly Stable Recombinant Human Acidic Fibroblast Growth Factor in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) plysS Strain
Authors: Yu Bingjie , Sun Wenzhe , Huang Zhen , Sun Gang , Li Le , Gu Jiawei , Zheng Mengying , Li Xiaokun , Chun ChangJu , Hui Qi , Wang Xiaojie
Published: April 2021

In this study, the optimum human aFGF gene encoding haFGF135 was cloned in pET3c and transferred to Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) plysS. To enhance the yield of fermentation and the expression level of the target protein, the fermentation parameters, including temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, glucose concentration, ammonium chloride concentration, induction time, and inducer (IPTG) concentration, were optimized. The optimized fermentation parameters were used in large-scale fermentation (30 L). Ion-exchange and heparin-affinity column chromatography techniques were used for separation and purification of rhaFGF135 protein. HPLC, isoelectric focusing electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry were used to detect the purity, isoelectric point, and molecular weight and peptide map of rhaFGF135 protein, respectively. Mitogenic activity of rhaFGF135 protein was detected in NIH-3T3 cells and a full-thickness injury wound diabetic rat model. The production and expression level of rhaFGF135 in the 30-L scale fermentation reached 80.4 ± 2.7 g/L culture and 37.8% ± 1.8%, respectively. The RP-HPLC and SDS-PAGE purity of the final rhaFGF135 product almost reached 100%, and the final pure protein yield was 158.6 ± 6.8 mg/L culture. Finally, the cell and animal experiments showed that rhaFGF135 retained a potent mitogenic activity. The large-scale process of rhaFGF135 production reported herein is relatively stable and time-saving, and thus, it can be used as an efficient and economic strategy for the synthesis of rhaFGF135 at the industrial level.
NLRP3 Inflammasome: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Drug-Induced Toxicity
Authors: Wei Shanshan , Ma Wanjun , Zhang Bikui , Li Wenqun
Published: April 2021

Drug-induced toxicity, which impairs human organ function, is a serious problem during drug development that hinders the clinical use of many marketed drugs, and the underlying mechanisms are complicated. As a sensor of infections and external stimuli, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays a key role in the pathological process of various diseases. In this review, we specifically focused on the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in drug-induced diverse organ toxicities, especially the hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and cardiotoxicity. NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in the initiation and deterioration of drug-induced toxicity through multiple signaling pathways. Therapeutic strategies via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome for drug-induced toxicity have made significant progress, especially in the protective effects of the phytochemicals. Growing evidence collected in this review indicates that NLRP3 is a promising therapeutic target for drug-induced toxicity.