bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting Innovative Behavior Among Employees in a Manufacturing Company: The Role of Psychological Capital
Authors: Ratnaningsih Ika Zenita , Prasetyo Anggun Resdasari , Prihatsanti Unika
Published: January 2018

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between psychological capital and workplace innovative behavior. The importance of innovative behavior in the competitive business world has been widely recognized. Previous studies have examined variables related to innovative behavior both at personal and organizational levels; however, there is a paucity of research looking at psychological capital as the predictor of workplace innovative behavior. In this study psychological capital and innovative behavior of 149 non-managerial employees in an apparel manufacture company were measured using Psychological Capital Scale (20 items, α = .872) and Innovative Behavior Scale (nine items, α = .874). The regression analysis shows a significant positive correlation between these two variables (r = .519, p < .01) and 27% of variance in innovative behavior can be explained from psychological capital. The results are discussed in relation to its theoretical contribution and practical implications in organizational contexts.
Educational Environment, Ethnocentrism, and Prejudice Towards Indonesian Chinese
Authors: Bukhori Baidi
Published: January 2018

Inter-ethnic prejudice is one of the problems faced by multi ethnic nations, including Indonesia. It does not only bring positive impacts in social interactions, but can also lead to social conflicts. To prevent the conflicts, an understanding of prejudice is required. So, the purposes of this study were: (1) To examine the effect of different educational environment on prejudice towards Chinese ethnic groups by controlling ethnocentrism; (2) To examine the influence of ethnocentrism on prejudice towards Chinese ethnic groups by controlling educational environments. Population in this study (N = 200) was non-Chinese students in Semarang. Sampling was done by applying a stratified sampling technique. Data were collected using the scales for both prejudice towards Chinese ethnic groups and ethnocentrism. Then, a statistical method using covariance analysis was used to analyze the data. Results revealed a difference in prejudice towards Chinese ethnic groups between students who studied at a college having Chinese students and those at a college having no Chinese students by controlling ethnocentrism. Besides, there was a significant ethnocentric role in prejudice towards Chinese ethnic groups by controlling educational environments.
Secondary socialization as one of the basic social processes in modern society
Authors: Zakharkin Roman Aleksandrovich ,   Far Eastern Federal University
Published: January 2018

The paper considers the concept of secondary socialization and its place in the system of social processes in modern society. The study is based on the idea of the secondary socialization by P. Berger and T. Luckmann conveyed in the book “The Social Construction of Reality”. P. Berger and T. Luckmann were the pioneers who had studied the secondary socialization in full. At the same time, they did not discuss many issues in their work. For example, the actors of secondary socialization were not distinguished. In this regard, the author reviews the modern concepts of domestic and international researchers in order to gain a broader view of secondary socialization. Although this term is widely used, and the phenomenon is regularly mentioned in the context of socialization in general and as an independent component in particular, there are not enough theories explaining or interpreting the secondary socialization both in Russia and abroad. Focusing on the researches of A.I. Kovaleva, A.I. Kravchenko, and I. Frønes, the author proposes the original definition of secondary socialization. In the author’s opinion, there are three types of secondary socialization: 1) natural, 2) formalized, 3) purposeful ones. Arguing with P. Berger and T. Luckmann, the author stands for the fact that the main agents of secondary socialization are the significant others. The latter have an impact on a person within the secondary socialization. Affected by the socializing information, the individual changes his view on social reality. P. Berger and T. Luckmann called this process the change from one sub-world to another. In this changed social reality, the individual changes himself trying to adapt to it, become relevant in this transformed social world.
«Literatura con paradiña. Hacia una crítica de la razón crítica», de Javier García Rodríguez
Authors: Sánchez Ungidos Guillermo
Published: January 2018

Reseña de Javier García Rodríguez, Literatura con paradiña. Hacia una crítica de la razón crítica
Pengembangan Subject Specific Pedagogy (SSP) Tematik Berbasis Local Wisdom Untuk Membangun Karakter Hormat dan Kepedulian Siswa SD
Authors: Ulfah Amaliyah
Published: January 2018

This study aims at generating possible thematic Subject Specific Pedagogy (SSP) based on local wisdom and examining the results teachers and students perception on the pedagogical approach developed in the preliminary field testing. Drawing upon the notion of research and development by Borg & Gall, this research was conducted through different stages involving information gathering, planning, developing preliminary product, preliminary field testing, and revising. The subjects were a small group of second grade students of SD Muhammadiyah Bodon and SD Muhammadiyah Sidoarum Yogyakarta. Each consists of 10 students. The data gathering instrument consists of product validation, character observation sheets, and teacher assessment sheets. The data gathering instrument consists of product validation tool, character observation sheets, and teachers’ assessment sheets. The SSP product generated in this study consists of lesson plans, teaching materials, worksheets, and expert perception. According to the experts of media, materials, and evaluation, the SSP product is in good categories. First grade teachers result a good score to the syllabus and lesson plans, while the worksheets and evaluation are in very good category. The results from the students responses to the textbooks is 78, which is in very good category, while the students worksheets score 71 which includes in excellent category. Therefore, the developed thematic SSP based on local wisdom can be declared appropriate for use in learning.
Microscopic Examination of Fecal Leukocytes as a Simple Method to Detect Infective Colitis in Children
Authors: Susanti Nuraini I , Reynaldo Reynaldo , Kekalih Aria , Karuniawati Anis , Hegar Badriul
Published: January 2018

Background: Various pathogenic bacteria are reported as the cause of infectious colitis in children. Infectious colitis does not have a specific sign, therefore an accurate examination is required. The implementation of fecal cultures accompanied with drug resistance tests often have constraints, beside the relatively expensive costs, longer times are needed, and not all health care facilities have required instruments. On the other hand, this condition requires an immediate antibiotic therapy, so that the infection should not be continued. In daily practice, it is not uncommon to find diarrhea with the amount of fecal leukocyte 10/hpf with pathogenic bacteria on the examination of the fecal culture.Method: Cross-sectional study was conducted to observe the pattern of bacterial distribution in children’s fecal who have acute diarrhea and  the correlation between the existence of pathogenic bacteria and the number of leukocytes in the fecal, as well as antibiotic resistance patterns. The population of this study is children with age of 6 months old - 18 years old who were suffering from acute diarrhea with the  amount of  fecal leucocyte  ≥ 5/hpf, who recruited from polyclinic or patient admitted at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital and Fatmawati  General Hospital, Jakarta.Results: Based on examinations of fecal cultures and PCR, Salmonella sp and C. dificille were found subsequently in 2 children (33.3%), Enterophatogenic E. Coli(EPEC) and Shigella were found subsequently in 1 child (16.7%). Based on the ROC curve, it was found that there was no intersection of maximum and  minimal leukocyte value with the midline, whereas the best sensitivity and specificity value was found at the cut-off point of 8.5, hence the cut-off  point  of leukocytes was determined at 8 and 8. The sensitivity value was 83.3% and the specificity value was 45.1%.Conclusion: The antibiotic sensitivity test showed that one child infected  by EPEC was sensitive to ciprofloxacin. Two children infected  by Salmonella, were still sensitive to chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole, cefixime, and ceftriaxone. Two children infected by C. Difficile were sensitive to ceftriaxone, and 1 child infected by Shigella was sensitive to cefixime, ceftriaxone and ciprofloksazine.
Complicated acute appendicitis in a patient with Type 2 Diabetes: a case report
Authors: Zaidi Muhammad Shoaib
Published: January 2018

Background:

Acute appendicitis usually presents atypically in extremes of ages and can be associated with complications like perforation especially in the elderly and immunocompromised people.

Case Presentation:

We describe the case of an elderly lady with type 2 diabetes, on long-term steroids for Sheehan’s syndrome. She was found to have complicated acute appendicitis that was ultimately treated with appendicectomy.

Conclusion:

Appendicitis can manifest atypically and can be complicated in the elderly and immunocompromised individuals like patients with diabetes. It should always be kept in the differentials of right iliac fossa pain.
Effect of Regional Medical Campus Education on Student Pursuit of Primary Care Specialties
Authors: Collins Casey P. , McCarthy John F.
Published: January 2018

Purpose

To investigate whether education at a regional medical campus (RMC) affects the likelihood of University of Washington School of Medicine (UWSOM) students choosing a primary care specialty.

Method

Two approaches were taken to answer the study question. First, the percentage of UWSOM students who matched to a primary care residency program between 1996-2016 was compared between two groups of students: those educated at an RMC and those educated at the academic medical center (a non-RMC). Second, physician specialty data was obtained from the AMA Physician Masterfile for UWSOM graduates from 1996-2011. Physicians were again split into RMC and non-RMC groups, and the percentage of primary care physicians was compared between the two groups. This study was completed in 2016.

Results

Among graduates from 1996-2016, 33% (564/1707) of those educated at an RMC were matched to a primary care residency program compared to 39% (787/2003) of students educated at the non-RMC (P < 0.001). Graduates from 1996-2011 had similar likelihoods of becoming a primary care physician regardless of first year education site (37% [395/1078] versus 39% [551/1403], P = 0.18, Figure 2).

Conclusions

The results of this study did not support the hypothesis that the WWAMI RMCs produce more primary care physicians than the non-RMC. A greater percentage of students who attended the non-RMC matched into a primary care residency program compared to the RMC group, while the percentage of students who ultimately chose a primary care specialty was quite similar.

 

Financial support: Mr. Collins was supported in part for this study by the Smith Family Endowed Chair in Medicine.

Ethical Approval: The University of Washington Institutional Review Board approved the acquisition and analysis of subject data. Application #52065. Approval date 5/24/2016.
Use of Intraoperative Negative Margins Reduces Inverted Papilloma Recurrence
Authors: Miglani Amar , Hoxworth Joseph M. , Zarka Matthew A. , Lal Devyani
Published: January 2018

Background

Recurrence of inverted papilloma (IP) is a problem in 12–17% of tumors. Controversy exists regarding benefits of intraoperative frozen section histopathology (IFSH) for IP resection; however, to our knowledge, no study has specifically investigated this. IFSH for IP resection is the standard of care in our practice. We, therefore, reviewed our outcomes of using IFSH for IP resection. A secondary goal was to assess the reliability of IFSH.

Methods

Patients with IP who underwent surgical resection (2010–2016) with minimum 9–month follow-up were included.

Results

Twenty-two adults with IP met inclusion criteria. All underwent surgery via endoscopic techniques, supplemented by external ports in five patients. At the time of presentation, 36% IPs were recurrent tumors; 68% were graded as Krouse stage 3. Resection was conducted until “clear” (negative) mucosal margins were achieved on IFSH. In 6 (27%), a “positive” IFSH result dictated additional resection to clear margins. Final negative margins were achieved in all the patients. Both positive and negative predictive values for IFSH were 100% (concordance with final pathology results). Surveillance was performed every 1–6 months with nasal endoscopy by using imaging when necessary. No recurrences were noted (0%) at mean follow-up of 40 months (range, 10 -73 months).

Conclusions

Positive IFSH results led to increased resection in 27% of the patients, with a 0% recurrence rate in this cohort. The reliability of IFSH for IP is very high. No recurrence of IP was noted in any patient at a mean follow-up of 3.3 years. IFSH may help reduce recurrence rates of IP, but additional studies with longer follow-up are warranted.
THE REPORTAGE OF LAND AND OWNERSHIP IN SELECTED PRIVATE MEDIA IN ZIMBABWE
Authors: Mushore Washington
Published: January 2018

The aim of this article is to scrutinise how the concepts of land and land ownership were discussed in the private media in Zimbabwe during the zimbabwe land reform exercise – dubbed ‘the third Chimurenga’ that took place in the period 2000–2008. Using textual analysis, the articles argues that ownership of land, according to the so called ‘private or independent’ newspapers in Zimbabwe was supposed to be accorded to the farmer or person, regardless of the racial bias, who was more productive on the land and who was contributing more to the economic well-being of the nation (zimbabwe). Accordingly, the private newspapers in zimbabwe regarded land as belonging to, or as the rightful property of the white commercial farmers/settlers because they perceived them to be more productive on the land than the native people of Zimbabwe who were ultimately seen and labelled as invaders on the so-called white commercial farms. In order to substantiate the above claims and arguments, a number of The Daily News stories of the period were purposively sampled and are used as examples.
MULTILATERAL DIPLOMACY OF THE SOUTH: THE G77 + CHINA IN THE CLIMATE CHANGE NEGOTIATIONS
Authors: Masters Lesley
Published: January 2018

The G77 + China represents a multilateral group, engaged in multilateral diplomacy, across multiple fora. While the group has negotiated positive outcomes in terms of trade through its role in the UNCTAD, environmental negotiations have demonstrated the challenges facing the group in maintaining unity, and in turn, raised questions concerning its relevance. This review article considers the divisions that have emerged within the group, as well as those that have emerged between the G77 + China and developed countries within the context of the climate change negotiations. What is significant is that multilateral diplomacy within the group has seen the continuance of unity, despite considerable difference, yet there has been less success in bridging the divide between developed and developing countries as talks move towards the twenty-first Conference of the Parties (COP) in 2015.
THE G77 AND ECONOMIC DIPLOMACY: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS FOR AFRICA'S FOOD SECURITY
Authors: Nkrumah Bright
Published: January 2018

Developing countries demonstrated their collective commitment to address their common economic problems through the formation of the Group of 77 (G77). The coalition has attempted to use its caucus to influence the reform of major international  trade  and  investment  policies  through  the  United  Nations  (UN)  fora. Two of such successes were the adoption of the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) and the Agreement on Agriculture (AoA). These instruments seek to improve Africa’s poverty and food insecurity by making the international market  accessible  to  African  farmers  and  prevent  dumping  of  developed countries’ agricultural commodities through phasing out high subsidies. Yet, to adopt a legal instrument at the UN level is one thing, but to implement it by states is another. These and other agro-trade initiatives have grossly failed to benefit the  African  rural  farmers  and  combat  chronic  hunger.  Against  this  backdrop,   it is logical to conclude that the G77 has failed to transform its lofty ideal into  practice.  In  summary,  while  this  bloc  of  nations  has  previously  managed  to   maintain some degree of solidarity along essential socio-economic issues, the existence  of  its  internal  differences  remain  worrying  for  the  advancement  of   Africa’s food security agenda
HAITI, MBEKI AND CONTEMPORARY IMPERIALISM
Authors: Pithouse Richard
Published: January 2018

This article examines a generally unremarked aspect of Thabo Mbeki's presidency & his affirmation of the Haitian Revolution as an event of global import, and, in the face of considerable pressure, his support for the right of contemporary Haitians to determine their own future. It begins with a brief account of the Haitian Revolution, goes on to offer a sketch of the long attempt to contain the Revolution, outlines what has been at stake in recent Haitian politics, and its international reception, and then describes the positions taken by Mbeki with regard to Haiti.
NEW REGIONALISM IN THE SOUTH - MERCOSUR AND SADC IN A COMPARATIVE AND INTERREGIONAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Mthembu Philani
Published: January 2018

Abstract
THE G77@50 AND THE STRUGGLE FOR A DECOLONIAL FUTURE
Authors: Zondi Siphamandla
Published: January 2018

Â This introductory article outlines the importance of the subject discussed in this edition of UNISAâ€™s Latin American Report, the Group of 77+ China. It seeks to locate this discussion at the centre of the search for an alternative world to one that remains haunted by colonial legacies and new imperial designs. It makes the point that the G77 is born into an evolving pursuit of a dream for a world in which former colonies realise fully their aspirations for a future that is good for all. It shows that the G77 has played a crucial role in this, while it also poses questions about the Groupâ€™s ability to implement what it works so hard to reach consensus on.
INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS AND HOUSING POLICY IMPLEMENTATION IN SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Phago Kedibone
Published: January 2018

Housing policy in South Africa requires that government departments at different spheres coordinate their activities to facilitate the provision of housing. This coordination is imperative because without such, effective housing provision remains compromised. The question that this paper raises is: whither intergovernmental relations (IGR) for housing policy implementation in South Africa? From this question it is clear that the nature of this discussion is conceptual as it seeks to engage on the institutional IGR model of public housing delivery. This question is raised in this paper because a system that ties activities of different spheres of government is necessary to realise housing policy implementation outcomes. However, in responding to this question several issues receive attention: Firstly, a broader view on a social contract as well as establishing public institutions to facilitate public service delivery.Secondly, intergovernmental relations and housing which consider the nature of IGR system in place, while arguing that this system is not viable for housing delivery. Thirdly, while the municipal accreditation system has been introduced, it remains complex and costly in addressing housing delivery challenges. In the final analysis, this paper argues for a constitutional amendment which would allow housing to become a functional competency of municipalities similar to other human settlements components such as roads constructions, electricity, sanitation and clean drinking water.
THE CHIEFTAINSHIP IN LESOTHO: TO RETAIN OR TO ABOLISH?
Authors: Kapa Motlamelle A.
Published: January 2018

This article presents and analyses the perspectives of a number of politicians and academics in Lesotho concerning the relevance and role of chieftainship as an institution in the political system of the country. The study was conducted in response to attempts in 2005 by the Lesotho Congress for Democracy (LCD) government to devolve political power and the on-going debate in academic and policy circles on the value of the institution of chieftainship in democratising systems in Africa. Evidence from the field is presented relating to how chieftainship is perceived by politicians (usually but wrongly regarded as competing with the chiefs for political power) and academics in Lesotho, and also to how chieftainship can co-exist with elected councils to consolidate democracy. Chieftainship was found still to enjoy legitimacy among a large number of politicians and academics, and still to be relevant to the countryâ€™s political system, even subsequent to the establishment of the elected councils.
THE EFFECTS OF VOLUNTEERING ON STUDENT VOLUNTEERS
Authors: Cronje E M
Published: January 2018

The aim of this study was to find out how students are influenced by the practical work (â€˜volunteeringâ€™) they do as part of a course in psychology at Unisa. Psychological and educational theories that can be related to volunteering are discussed briefly. Qualitative research was done by analysing studentsâ€™ feedback on their voluntary work. Students reported mostly on the positive effects of volunteering, which is consistent with existing research. The most prominent of the positive psychological effects is that of self-awareness. A further very important effect is increased open-mindedness with regard to people of other cultures and socio-economic backgrounds. Other positive effects found are career awareness, a sense of achievement, and the opportunity to put theory into practice. It is concluded that students at an open distance learning university benefit from doing practical work related to their field of study, and they also contribute to communitiesâ€™ development nationally and worldwide. â€˜Volunteeringâ€™ (implemented more than 10 years ago) is compared to newer concepts such as â€˜work-integrated learningâ€™, â€˜experiential learningâ€™ and â€˜service-learningâ€™, and it is recommended that future planning for this course should attempt to bring volunteering more into line with these new concepts. A further recommendation is that more intensive research be done on the effects of volunteering on the transactional distance between students and university.
Support Practices to Provide Social Capital in Open Distance Learning: Masterâ€™s and Doctoral Studentsâ€™ Views
Authors: Schulze Salome
Published: January 2018

The University of South Africa is challenged by the slow throughput and high dropout rates of its masterâ€™s and doctoral students. Thus, the aim of the investigation was to determine these studentsâ€™ views of the support they received in all aspects of their studies within one particular college of the university. The researcher also investigated if different student groups had different views in this regard. Using a survey design, 77 masterâ€™s and doctoral students completed a questionnaire (constructed by the researcher), by means of a five-point Likert scale. There was also an open-ended question, which made provision for students to provide recommendations for how institutional support could be improved. The findings revealed problems with the appointment process of supervisors, the guidance given by some supervisors, as well as the timing of and support provided at seminars with regard to some facets of research. Statistically significant differences were determined between males and females and between masterâ€™s and doctoral students respectively in some aspects. Recommendations for improvement of student support were made.
NIGERIAN OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING LECTURERSâ€™ DIFFICULTY IN CONSTRUCTING STUDENTSâ€™ TEST ITEMS
Authors: Opateye Johnson Ayodele
Published: January 2018

Â This paper examines the level of difficulty lecturers experience in constructing test items for various types of tests based on gender and institutional mode of delivery in an Open and Distance Learning higher education context. Descriptive cross-sectional survey research was adopted as the research paradigm, using lecturers from one single mode and one dual mode ODL institution in South West Nigeria as the study population. Stratified simple random sampling techniques were used to select 240 lecturers as the sample. Three research questions and two hypotheses guided the studyâ€™s investigation. A questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.78 using Cronbachâ€™s alpha value was used as the research instrument. Frequency, percentages, t-test statistics and charts were utilised to analyse the data. The results showed that ODL lecturers exhibited moderate levels of difficulty in test item construction. Female ODL lecturers found case study, multiple choice, matching, essay, and completion items more difficult to generate than their male counterparts did. There was a significant difference in the difficulty male and female ODL lecturers experienced in constructing test items. Significant differences were also found in the difficulty experienced by single and dual mode ODL lecturers in construct test items. The findings of the study have implications for the capacity development of lecturers, ODL institution management, and test experts in order to improve lecturersâ€™ capacities in test items construction.
THE STRUGGLE FOR AUTHORITY IN GEORGE MCCALL THEAL’S KAFFIR FOLKLORE (1882)
Authors: Naidoo S
Published: January 2018

This article focuses specifically on George McCall Theal’s collection of folktale texts, Kaffir Folklore (1882), as an example of an early South African ethnographic publication, and argues that the folktale transcriptions contained therein, although a part of Theal’s general colonialist project, are hybrid, containing the voices of both coloniser and colonised. The key argument is that the presence of the African voices in this text reveals simultaneously that Theal’s editorial aspirations were never absolutely imposed, and that agency and influence (albeit limited) of the colonised Xhosa co-authors were present. The article offers an analysis of the paratext (the preface, the introduction and the explanatory notes) of Kaffir Folkore, rather than a close reading of the tales themselves. To facilitate an understanding of Theal’s editorial practice, Kaffir Folkore is compared to Harold Scheub’s The Xhosa Ntsomi (1975). More generally, drawing on postcolonial folklore and book-history scholarship, the article explores how folklore texts of the colonial era, although contributing to the establishment of a literary and cultural orthodoxy in modern South Africa, constitute a telling hybrid genre, which invites a re-evaluation of colonial relations, and of individual texts themselves. In short, these texts synthesise different literary traditions (European and African), different mediums (the oral and the written), different disciplinary approaches (ethnography, folklore, literature), and most significantly, the voices of different subjects. Kaffir Folklore (1882) epitomises this synthesis.
FOLK PRACTICES REGARDING CHILDBEARING
Authors: Chauke M E , Matlakala M C , Mokoena J D
Published: January 2018

Â Nurses and other healthcare professionals practice their professions within culturally diverse societies. In order to make meaningful culture-care decisions and actions to their clients, and to provide culturally congruent and sensitive nursing care; nurses should understand the diverse cultures of their patients. The study sought to understand folk practices related to childbearing in the African context in order to promote cultural awareness and knowledge amongst nurses. The aim of this article is to present some of the practices regarding childbearing in Southern African ethnic groups, using a qualitative descriptive design. Participants included a convenience sample of six elderly women from various ethnic groups in South Africa, Lesotho, Malawi and Swaziland. Data were collected through individual interviews in the form of oral narratives and thematic content analysis was done. The three themes that emerged from data, namely sexual practices, pre-, intra-, and post-natal care practices, and baby care practices were found to be potentially beneficial or potentially harmless and, therefore, could be preserved and accommodated in the nursing care practice.
GLORIFICATION AND CASTIGATION OF BIRDS THROUGH SONG IN SETSWANA FOLK-STORIES
Authors: Matjila D S
Published: January 2018

Birds occupy the same space as Batswana and this has led to mutual interaction between the two species, each trying to create a hospitable environment in which they can live in harmony. As birds and Batswana share space, resources and food, their relationship is marked by disagreement as a Setswana proverb says Diselammapaga di ratane meaning 'those who pick (wild berries or seeds) in the same wood do not get along, or two of a trade seldom agree' (Plaatje, 1916:29). In some instances the coexistence is characterized by convergence. It is an undisputed fact that the two species help each other for their survival, but in other instances they upset and distress one another. Birds may warn people of impending danger, like the enemy that is invading their land. They may also help people by eating insects that destroy their crops, such as grasshoppers, worms, caterpillars, ants and flies. On the downside, birds eat seeds of sorghum or maize from Batswana fields. Batswana kill and eat birds and their eggs, though they also provide them with chaff after grinding corn or sorghum. This bitter-sweet correlation stimulated Batswana to create songs of grandeur and chastisement. This article expounds on songs of glory and reproach about birds that both help and harm Batswana.Â
LOSING THE FLAVOUR? FROM ORATURE TO LITERATURE, AND ON CHOICES WHEN COMPILING DICTIONARIES FOR UN WRITTEN AFRICAN LANGUAGES
Authors: Wolff E
Published: January 2018

Any hitherto unwritten language, in Africa as elsewhere, as soon as it becomes the object of linguistic and philological documentation and research, automatically crosses the Rubicon from oral to written and undergoes the first steps from orature to literature. This almost natural process may be studied under at least two perspectives: that of the linguistic and cultural â€˜costsâ€ of such transition, and that of the ideological burden in terms of stereotype and prejudice when researchers with a â€˜Westernâ€™ background (by extension including researchers, also in Africa, who have been trained under the impact of â€˜Westernâ€™ scholarship) approach languages and cultures of â€˜othersâ€™. This links up with lexicographic work on languages which are predominantly or exclusively used for oral communication, by influencing the choices that lexicographers face in terms of lemma identification and speech variability when compiling the â€“ often first ever â€“ bilingual dictionary of a hitherto unwritten language.
THE INTERFACE BETWEEN THE ORAL AND THE WRITTEN: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY ANALYSIS OF SELECTED POEMS BY MQHAYI AND JOLOBE
Authors: Mona G V
Published: January 2018

This article sets out to examine the relationship between oral and written isiXhosa poetry, and the extent of the interface between the two forms of poetry. Little attention has been paid to this interesting phenomenon. The scope of the article is limited to selected oral and written poems by Mqhayi and Jolobe. The methodology is an interdisciplinary approach that contextualises the poetry and locates it within the social and political reality of South Africa during the period under review. The article argues that the selected poems of Mqhayi and Jolobe demonstrate the dynamism of the oral and written literature, and the interface between the two forms. Mqhayi and Jolobe played the role of organic intellectuals, whose poetry, during the period 1932-1952, diffused the ideology of Africanism. The poetry of the above-mentioned artists, written or oral, directly or indirectly, influenced oral performances (music and oratory) of revolutionary musicians and orators of the following generations.
BEYOND DUDLU NTOMBAZANA! â€“ THE VOICE OF S.E.K. MQHAYI
Authors: Jadezweni M
Published: January 2018

This article analyses a number of poems produced by S.E.K. Mqhayi, a well-known writer of isiXhosa poetry whose work was published in a number of isiXhosa early newspapers. Mqhayi is also acknowledged as the first prominent isiXhosa writer, producing poetry and novels and being credited for initiating the transition from oral to written literature at the beginning of the nineteenth century. In this article selected poems are analysed against the backdrop of gender relations among the amaXhosa. The article sets out to discover the way in which Mqhayi was able to depict and praise women and their contribution in early amaXhosa society.
GENDER AND LAND DISPOSSESSION IN ZIMBABWE: A CASE OF THE NDEBELE AT ESIGODINI AREA 1893â€“2003
Authors: Makwanise Ndakaitei , Masuku Mehluli
Published: January 2018

The Ndebele ethnic group in Zimbabwe has probably experienced more land dispossessions than any other ethnic group stretching from the 1890s with the coming of the whites. Most of this history,unfortunately, is not well documented. Based on an oral history approach, this article focuses on the gendered dimension of land dispossession. It seeks to answer questions such as: do men and women view land ownership and land issues in the same way? Did the land dispossessions, which took place for more than one hundred years in Zimbabwe particularly in the Ndebele ethnic group, affect the way land is viewed gender wise? The article further sought to find out how women have been historically marginalised or emancipated in the community. Given the importance of land in any culture, the article seeks to find out how a shift in the way land is viewed gender wise can improve the lives of many in the Ndebele ethnic group. The research was conducted in Esikhoveni Village in Esigodini, Matabeleland-South. It was based on oral history, targeting the headmen and other elders noted for their wisdom and knowledge of the area. A total of sixteen interviews were conducted using judgemental and snowball strategies. The article reveals that land was considered an important resource in the area. Women had limited opportunities for land ownership in the village. Culture and tradition were still dominant over legal provisions when it comes to land and gender issues. The article recommends a new and more rigorous approach by the government and other stakeholders to change the cultural and traditional perceptions of the rural communities in order to achieve gender balance regarding land ownership and allocation.
PARTICIPATORY COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AND THE PROCESS OF COLLECTING VOICES: THE CASE OF AN EDUCARE CENTRE IN BOKSBURG, SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Phiri Cynthia M.
Published: January 2018

This article examines the process of collecting voices from a participatory community development perspective and the theoretical framework from which the process was facilitated. The focus of the study was on building a viable and good organization that is responsive to the needs of its primary stakeholders. This is the operationalization of the principle of empowerment of men and women alike â€“ aimed at enhancing the sustainability of the envisaged project beyond the time of the research-facilitatorâ€™s departure. Through this participatory community development process participants were enabled to start a Stokvel project, the aim of which was to help augment the membersâ€™ financial resources so as to sustain payment of their childrenâ€™s day care fees and to also materialize the spirit of Ubuntu (humaneness) among themselves as local community members. Given the lessons learnt this article concludes that after engaging people in capacity building as facilitators of participatory community development, it is important to give people a voice at grassroots level, allowing them to make informed decisions and choices about their situations. This in turn helps them take control of their lives in a meaningful way. Besides this, the researcher is also intrigued by the task of documenting the process of collecting the latter voices and the attendant lessons learnt.
FAITHâ€“BASED COMMUNITIES AND POLITICS IN DULLSTROOM-EMNOTWENI: LOCAL STORIES OF IDENTITY
Authors: Landman Christina
Published: January 2018

A majority of the black community of Dullstroom-Emnotweni in the Mpumalanga highveld in the east of South Africa trace their descent back to the southern Ndebele of the so-called â€˜Mapoch Grondenâ€™, who lost their land in the 1880s to become farm workers on their own land. A hundred years later, in 1980, descendants of the â€˜Mapoggersâ€™ settled in the newly built â€˜townshipâ€™ of Dullstroom, called Sakhelwe, finding jobs on the railways or as domestic workers. Oral interviews with the inhabitants of Sakhelwe â€“ a name eventually abandoned in favour of Dullstroom- Emnotweni â€“ testify to histories of transition from landowner to farmworker to unskilled labourer. The stories also highlight cultural conflicts between people of Ndebele, Pedi and Swazi descent and the influence of decades of subordination on local identities. Research projects conducted in this and the wider area of the eMakhazeni Local Municipality reveal the struggle to maintain religious, gender and youth identities in the face of competing political interests. Service delivery, higher education, space for women and the role of faith-based organisations in particular seem to be sites of contestation. Churches and their role in development and transformation, where they compete with political parties and state institutions, are the special focus of this study. They attempt to remain free from party politics, but are nevertheless co-opted into contra-culturing the lack of service delivery, poor standards of higher education and inadequate space for women, which are outside their traditional role of sustaining an oppressed community.
THE SOUTH AFRICAN HISTORY PROJECT (SAHP) OF THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION â€“ A REFLECTION ON ACHIEVEMENTS, CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES: 2001â€“2006
Authors: Tabata Wonga
Published: January 2018

Â This article deals with the contribution of the South African History Project (SAHP) to the development and strengthening of History in the schooling system. One of the key components of the South African History Project was Oral History and Indigenous Knowledge Systems. The national project trained hundreds of school and office-based educators in oral history methodology. It also established ties with the heritage sector. Through oral history, South African historical voices became more diverse and new history materials were developed and introduced in South African public schools. This led to a fresh interpretation of history and an introduction of new materials with a focus on Africa.
SINGING THE SECOND CHIMURENGA (WAR OF LIBERATION): AN AFROCENTRIC ELUCIDATION OF SIMON CHIMBETUâ€™S SELECTED SONGS
Authors: Maganga Allan T , Tembo Charles , Dewah Peterson
Published: January 2018

Oral sources such as proverbs, songs and folktales have been used to reconstruct peopleâ€™s identities. As a primary â€˜means of communicationâ€™ music is often used to capture or record peoplesâ€™ experiences in history. In Zimbabwe, Simon Chimbetu exemplifies one musician who is in search of his countryâ€™s past in as far as he uses his music to record the history of the liberation struggle. This paper provides an in-depth examination of Chimbetuâ€™s selected songs. Singing after the war itself is over, it is argued, the music functions as a reference point to the citizens because it is a transcript of their past experiences something which is essential to the present and future generations. By insisting on educating his audiences on the liberation struggle, Chimbetu satisfies Sankofan approach. It is argued in this paper that Chimbetuâ€™s musical reflections provide enriching experiences and reveals that it is historical music.
Pentecostal Clergy and Politics in Zambia: A Case of Pastor Nevers Mumba, President of the Movement for Multiparty Democracy
Authors: Cheyeka Austin M
Published: January 2018

There is no contesting the fact that Pentecostal clergy involvement in partisan politics is a relatively new phenomenon in Africa. In Zambia, Pastor Nevers Mumba has not been given some serious attention by academic observers. In this article I cite his postulation for leaving televangelism to join politics, which has translated into his becoming the fourth president of the Movement for Multiparty Democracy. I expose the inherent contradiction in practice between Mumba’s “political ethics” and “politics” as it is played out in real Zambian life. As a “political pastor” who vilifies corruption, Mumba would be expected to galvanise tremendous support from citizens, the majority of whom claim to be Christian. This, not having been the case, I construct an argument that: Mumba seems to have compromised his Christian faith for the rewards of politics of the belly and for a future that has led him into the morass of political duplicity.
SOCIAL BUSINESSES AS A TOOL AND APPROACH FOR YOUTH DEVELOPMENT IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Authors: Magaiza Grey , Crause Elsa
Published: January 2018

Demographic transitions in sub-Saharan Africa, characterised by a youth bulge, are contextually enabling for social work professionals to investigate new methodologies of youth development. Social business is a suggested innovation of youth development with the capacity to strengthen existing social work strategies and interventions. This paper highlights the discourse on social businesses as viable development tools and approaches capable of impacting positively on youth development. Furthermore, the highlighted connections between social businesses and social work professionals may galvanise the profession to become involved in social businesses. The involvement of social work may expand the scope of community development strategies critical to tapping into the social capacities of youth. We argue that social businesses are an asset based approach representing a human face that social work can broker among communities, industry and policy makers, harnessing humanised free market capitalism to foster inclusion and expansion of livelihood options for young people.
BATTERER RISK ASSESSMENT: THE MISSING LINK IN BREAKING THE CYCLE OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE
Authors: Londt Marcel P
Published: January 2018

Batterers exposed to childhood violence, with a history of violent behaviour, are impulsive, have poor anger management skills, will use intimate violence in their relationships and ignore/violate protection orders. In this study, 53 male and 47 female respondents were selected using purposive sampling. The outcome highlighted the need for treatment providers to assess â€˜risk factorsâ€™ of batterers prior to any intervention. The results showed that batterers presenting with specific risk factors, posed significant risks to their intimate partners. Risk assessment and risk markers could therefore contribute to highlighting and addressing violent masculinity aspects, responsive to intervention. This approach could protect partners and encourage batterers to take responsibility for changing their abusive responses in intimate relationships. The methodological framework of this research project was informed by the Intervention Research: Design and Development. The author used a Canadian Risk Assessment Tool, the Spousal Assault Risk Assessment guide (SARA), a 20 item data collecting instrument used to â€˜assess riskâ€™ and â€˜predict dangerousnessâ€™ of continued violence in men with a history of domestic/intimate violence.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Triegaardt Jean
Published: January 2018

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CHALLENGES TO BUILDING AUTHENTIC PARTNERSHIPS: LESSONS FROM BHAMBAYI, KWAZULU-NATAL, SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Raniga Tanusha , Simpson Barbara , Mthembu Ntokozo
Published: January 2018

In contemporary South Africa, partnerships between service providers in government, non-governmental organisations, the private sector and community based organisations have been identified as a means to strengthen communities and the sustainability of social services. However, the unequal power relations that exists between and within these organisations often leads to fragmentation, duplication, and lack of coordination of social services. Using Fowlerâ€™s (1998) conceptualisation of authentic partnerships, this qualitative phase of a larger study explored the challenges of building authentic partnerships in Bhambayi, a predominantly informal settlement in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Individual interviews and a focus group held with nine service providers revealed that intraorganisational challenges, cross-boundary and inter-organisational relations as well as political influences were obstacles to the development of authentic partnerships. The article suggests that open communication, clarity of roles and mutual trust between service providers is vital.
ADOLESCENTS' PERCEPTIONS OF STRESSORS CONTRIBUTING TO SUICIDAL BEHAVIOUR
Authors: Van den Berg HenriÃ«tte , Tancred Hester , Louw Dap
Published: January 2018

South African adolescents show increased levels of suicidal behaviour. This article explores the perceptions of adolescents at risk of suicide regarding the psychosocial stressors they believe contribute to suicidal behaviour among South African adolescents. This study was conducted on 214 adolescents from the Western Cape Province with a high suicide risk. The group was selected on the basis of their high scores on the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire. A qualitative content analysis was performed with their responses on a question about the reasons for adolescent suicide. The analysis highlighted risk factors relating to substance abuse, negative emotional experiences, lack of self-esteem, problem-solving ability and hope for the future; negative family environment and conflict in family relationships; peer group and romantic relationships; stressful life events; and socioeconomic factors. Guided by the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory suggestions were made for adolescent resource development to counter-act the impact of the various stressors they experience.
THE EXTENT TO WHICH THE LESOTHO GOVERNMENTâ€™S SOCIAL WELFARE PROGRAMMES ARE RESPONSIVE TO THE NEEDS OF RURAL RECIPIENTS
Authors: Tanga Pius T. , Manyeli TsÄ•pang
Published: January 2018

This paper examines the extent to which government social welfare programmes meet the needs of individuals in the rural areas in Lesotho. Data were collected from 100 social welfare recipients through a semi-structured questionnaire. The study was guided by four hypotheses using chi-square as a test of significance. The major results show that the government was providing a number of social welfare programmes that had a significant impact on lives. These notwithstanding, the insufficient transfers are discussed in the light of the African cultural values of sharing and reciprocity. The impact of the financial/economic crisis on recipients and the government in the area of social welfare is discussed. It is concluded that the government has not been able to provide sufficient social welfare benefits to its citizens. The weaknesses of the Department of Social Welfare and the unregulated nature of social work practice are highlighted and recommendations are suggested.