bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Talking about humour, racism, and anti-racism in class: A critical literacy proposal
Authors: Tsakona Villy
Published: April 2022

The goal of this study is to argue that humour as an entertaining and funny way of perceiving and discursively constructing social affairs is most useful and appropriate in literacy courses, because it could sensitise students to how and why people produce humour as well as to its potentially aggressive and deprecating functions. More specifically, a critical literacy approach to teaching about humour is proposed, focusing on material where ‘anti-racist’ humour is employed to undermine racist ideologies, but occasionally ends up supporting them. Some tentative teaching activities are put forward, which could help students detect humorous and racist ambiguities. Finally, potential objections and reservations concerning teaching about humour, racism, and anti-racism within a critical literacy framework are briefly addressed.
Bipolar satiric patterns in Zakani’s “The Mouse and the Cat” and John Dryden’s “The Hind and the Panther”
Authors: Shokouhifar Javad
Published: April 2022

Satirists have used animal characters to discuss their socio-political problems. In fact, they illustrate immorality, cruelty, and follies in the mirror of satiric allegories, thereby remedying shortcomings in their fables. In this regard, ʿUbayd-I Zakani, in “The Mouse and the Cat” and John Dryden, in “The Hind and the Panther”, employed the satirical techniques of animalization and reduction. Indeed, Zakani used talking animals to demonstrate the social and political contrast between oppressors and the oppressed, thereby providing people with moral instruction during the post-Mongol period of Iran. Similarly, Dryden also used animal characters to show the contrast between true and false religious sects. He defended the true Catholic sect and satirized the false sects, thereby preserving order within the post-Civil War period of England. Thus, this study shows how Zākānī and Dryden, in the selected fables, used similar bipolar satiric patterns to attack human foibles and socio-political corruption in their societies.
Satire, Humor and the Construction of Identities, Massih Zekavat, 2017. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 210 pages, ISBN 9789027202338
Authors: Gomoescu Monica
Published: April 2022

No abstract
The Decline of Coal, Structural Power, Memory, and Future Choices in the Jiu Valley and Central Appalachia
Authors: Kideckel David A.
Published: April 2022

Taking our points of departure from Pierre Nora’s notion of “lieux de mémoire” and Daphne Berdahl’s concept of “hegemonic and oppositional nostalgia,” we consider why, in Appalachia, coal memories and nostalgia takes remarkably contrasting and contestory forms, both denigrating and lauding the declining coal economy and its institutions, compared to the generally homogenous qualities of coal memories in the Jiu Valley that typically laud the past while expressing extreme repugnance toward the present. Further we consider the different ways by which memories of coal are concretized in the diverse sites and places where coal’s past is depicted and defined. In particular we show how the nature of memory sites in the two regions, such as museums, monuments, and public art, support and intensify the particular forms of nostalgia concerning coal’s past.
Inter-Mountain Resource Extraction: A Comparative Study of Gold Mining in Appalachia and Carpathia
Authors: Wright Katherine M.
Published: April 2022

In regions such as Appalachia and Carpathia, gold mining has existed for centuries. However, the lucrative cost of gold in the regions has also produced a devastating environmental impact which deeply shaped the sociocultural and economic development of the regions. Utilizing case studies in Dahlonega, Georgia and Rosia Montana, Romania, I illuminate the closely tied human-geography of the regions. Through my research, I draw direct connections between the exploitation of human labor, culture, and the environment. By detailing how intrinsically connected people are to place, I examine the importance of vigilant politics, locally-oriented economics, and the need for cultural and environmental preservation.
The Impact of Mountaintop Removal Surface Coal Mining on Appalachian Communities
Authors: Salca Iulia
Published: April 2022

The Appalachian area is a major coal producer in the United States of America. Due to the radical methods of extracting the coal, like mountaintop removal, the quality of life in Appalachia has degraded in time and the environment and people’s health are deeply affected. The coal industry in Appalachia is notorious for its ignorance of social and environmental justice and people from the affected areas have to start activist work in order to fight them and regain their rights. In my paper I am going to present the negative effects of mountaintop removal, the activists’ struggles for social and environmental justice, the psychological implications and the Appalachians’ attachment to land.
The Effects of Industrial Railroad Logging on Batesville, Georgia
Authors: Mayes Kelsie B.
Published: April 2022

I am investigating the environmental effects of the logging industry on the Batesville community; more specifically the effects of the logging industry on the Soque River. By unveiling the environmental effects of the logging industry on the Southern Appalachians and the Soque River in Batesville, I am adding a piece of Southern Appalachian history that has not been told. Furthermore, I am applying my findings of the Batesville community to other regional mountain communities.
Listening for Musical Tonewood in the Appalachian and Carpathian Mountains
Authors: Waugh-Quasebarth J. , Preston J.
Published: April 2022

This paper introduces the trade and practice of cutting tonewood, wood used in the production of musical instruments, in both the Appalachian Mountains of the United States and the Carpathian Mountains of Romania. As a work of collaborative ethnography, this work combines the first-person narrative of John Preston, a tonewood cutter in West Virginia and Transylvania, and contextual framing and analysis by Jasper Waugh-Quasebarth. Through the text we explore how the production of tonewood creates global, affective connections between mountain regions and reveals unique challenges to the global forests of the Appalachian and Carpathian Mountains.
The challenges of designing a course in Romanian for specific purposes
Authors: Munteanu S.C. , Capraru A.M. , Paduretu S.
Published: April 2022

Although the teaching of Romanian as a Foreign Language has a long and established tradition in (higher) education Romanian institutions, the specific purposes component is much younger and has received little attention as focus of research in language teaching. A compulsory component of the academic programme called Preparatory Romanian Language Year organized by many higher education institutions in Romania, Romanian for Specific Purposes (RSP) poses a number of challenges to practitioners such as needs and target language use analysis, course and materials design, as well as evaluation. The present paper aims at bringing these challenges into the foreground of the teacher agenda and shows how lessons from the rich and broad research into English for specific Purposes, a leading language for specific purposes domain, can help RSP practitioners understand their multi-faceted roles and assume them, expanding the valuable pool of expertise in RSP.
Direitos da personalidade e a herança digital
Authors: De Oliveira da Silva Alexandra , Dutra Franco Loren
Published: April 2022

O presente artigo visa o estudo da herança digital analisada sobre o prisma dos direitos da personalidade, indagando se o patrimônio digital, de maneira unitária, será transmitido aos herdeiros por ocasião da morte do autor da herança ou se existem bens não suscetíveis devido a seu caráter afetivo. Assim, expõe-se que, segundo doutrina unânime, os bens digitais suscetíveis de valoração econômica serão transmitidos no instante que operar a morte do de cujus, em acatamento ao disposto no artigo 1.784 do Código Civil, restando inquirir se os bens insuscetíveis de apreciação econômica serão alvo de sucessão. Para isso, caberá uma investigação para saber se tais ativos digitais externam a individualidade do indivíduo falecido frente a sociedade, sendo, portanto, bens de cunho afetivo e integrantes do próprio conceito de personalidade. Nesse caso, os bens digitais sem quantificação econômica, como é o caso das mídias sociais de usuários desprovidos de notoriedade social, devem ser avaliados de forma a não violar os direitos post mortem da pessoa finada, tampouco os direitos da personalidade dos interlocutores com quem o autor da herança comunicou-se em vida. Com isso, vê-se que haverá colisão de direitos fundamentais, notadamente dos direitos à herança e à privacidade, sendo imprescindível a análise do caso concreto, primando, no entanto, pela prevalência de direitos existenciais sob os direitos patrimoniais.
artigos federalistas
Authors: Braz de Souza Gisele
Published: April 2022

A teoria da separação dos poderes e o sistema de freios e contrapesos sofreram grandes contribuições ao longo dos séculos e, no presente artigo, após passar por sua base filosófica na Europa, será analisada sob o foque da obra Os Artigos Federalistas, nos Estados Unidos. Observará o contexto dos Estados Unidos na época em que a obra foi redigida por James Madison, Alexander Hamilton e John Jay, em que, sob o pseudônimo coletivo Publius, esses autores federalistas tentaram convencer a população que a melhor solução para a América era a de ratificar a Constituição que estava sendo proposta, para que a forma de governo mudasse de Confederação para Federalismo. Por fim, apontará as contribuições d’Os Artigos Federalistas para a teoria da separação dos poderes e o sistema de freios e contrapesos.
THE EFFECT OF SUKUN LEAF (ARTOCAPTUS ALTILIS) EXTRACT ON RENAL ISCHEMIA/REPERFUSION INJURY IN WISTAR RATS WITH PARAMETER OF KIDNEY HISTOPATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS SERUM CYSTATIN-C AND SERUM CYSTATIN-C
Authors: Siregar Safendra , Stevanus Max , Nugroho Bambang Sasongko
Published: April 2022

Objective: To determine the effects breadfruit leaf extract (Artocaptus altilis)in Wistar rats, which had induced renal ischemic-reperfusion injury, with evaluation of serum cystatin C level and kidney histopatologic findings. Material & Methods: A total of 30 Wistar rats, three groups of ten, were included in the study and were performed in Bandung Eijkman Animal Laboratory. In group I (sham group), a right nephrectomy was done. In group II (control), a right nephrectomy was also done and the left renal pedicles were occluded for 60 minutes and reperfused for 60 minutes. In group III (treatment), the treatment was equal with group II, and breadfruit leaf extract (4.75%) was administered intraperitoneally. At the end of the study, a left nephrectomy was performed on all groups. Afterward, serum cystatin C levels and kidney histopathological findings of all rats were examined. Data were analyzed by an unpaired numerically comparative analysis with SPSS 20.0 software. Results: The mean of serum Cystatin C in group I was 3183.2 ± 680.9 pg/dL, group II  was 3776.4 ± 326.7pg/dL, and group III was 3492.7 ± 1.326.7pg/dL. The mean of histopathology renal score was also assessed, group I was 4.4 ± 0.52, group II was 8.6 ± 0.84, and group III was6.3 ± 1.70. Comparative test of serum cystatin C level, using ANOVA test and Benferroni post hoc test, in the treatment group has a p-value of > 0.05, it showed that there were no significant differences on the value of cystatin C level on the treatment group. In correlation test of renal histopathology score, suing Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney post hoc test has a p-value of < 0.05, therefore there were significant differences on the mean value of renal histopathology score in the treatment group, with Eta correlation coefficient 0.847. Conclusion: The beneficial effects of breadfruit leaf extract can be attributed to its protective effects on renal cells damage. This treatment has an important role in reducing renal injury resulting from renal ischemia-reperfusion. However, breadfruit leaf extract did not significantly improve renal function based on serum cystatin C level.
LAPAROSCOPIC PYELOLITHOTOMY AND Y-V PYELOPLASTY IN PATIENT WITH LARGE PYELUM CALCULI AND UPJO
Authors: Nugroho Firman , Pramod Sawkar Vijay
Published: April 2022

Objective: We report our experience in laparoscopic pyelolithotomy with Y-V pyeloplasty. Case(s) Presentation: A 35 years old man with a chief complained of right flank pain since 1 year ago and worsened since 3 months before admission. KUB-IVU showed right hydronephrosis, pyelum calculi, and UPJO. We performed Laparoscopic Pyelolithotomy and Y-V Pyeloplasty. Operative time was 180 minutes and blood loss was about 50 cc. Drain was removed at post-operative day 4. Operating wound was good, maximum VAS score was 3. Patient was discharged at post-operative day 4.Discussion: Y-V plasty technique significantly reduces surgery time and has lower risk of devascularization of the UPJ. The success of the Y-V plasty depends on proper placement of the incision ensuring a broad-based flap of pelvis. Following incision the apex of the flap is advanced and secured with an interrupted suture ensuring no tension. The remaining gaps are then closed in an interrupted fashion. Conclusion: Laparoscopic Pyelolithotomy for large stone with Y-V Pyeloplasty was safe and effective alternative treatment of large pyelum calculi and UPJO.
PENGARUH ANTICIPATORY GUIDANCE TERHADAP PRAKTIK ORANG TUA DALAM PENANGANAN TANTRUM PADA ANAK USIA TODDLER
Authors: Marleni Lily , Pebriani Sintiya Halisya
Published: April 2022

Tujuan: Anticipatory guidance merupakan petunjuk-petunjuk yang perlu diketahui terlebih dahulu agar orang tua dapat mengarahkan dan anaknya secara bijaksana, sehingga anak dapat bertumbuh dan berkembang secara normal Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh anticipatory guidance terhadap praktik orang tua dalam penanganan tantrum pada anak usia toddler. Metode: penelitian ini menggunakan metode quasy eksperimental dengan one group pre test dan post test dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 20 orang yang diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling. Lokasi penelitian ini dilakukan di RT 16 Kelurahan 20 Ilir D IV Kecamatan Ilir Timur I Palembang dan dilakukan pada bulan September 2020. Hasil: Berdasarkan analisa bivariate, hasil uji statistik didapatkan nilai p-value=0,003<0,05, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh dalam pemberian anticipatory terhadap praktik orang tua dalam penanganan tantrum pada anak usia toddler di kelurahan 20 Ilir D IV Kecamatan Ilir Timur I Palembang Simpulan: Dengan pemberian anticipatory guidance dapat mempengaruhi praktik atau tindakan orang tua dalam penanganan tantrum pada anak usia toolder, karena pada saat dilakukan anticipatory guidance,responden memperhatikan dengan seksama materi yang disampaikan
KEBUTUHAN PERAWATAN SUPORTIF PASIEN KANKER PAYUDARA
Authors: Maulida Mutia Nadra , Muharyani Putri Widita , Adhisty Karolin
Published: April 2022

Tujuan: Pengkajian kebutuhan perawatan suportif bagi pasien kanker payudara penting untuk merencanakan program perawatan suportif bagi penderita kanker payudara. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menyelidiki kebutuhan perawatan suportif penderita kanker payudara. Metode: Dalam studi deskriptif-korelasi yang diikuti dengan analisis regresi logistik, 181 pasien kanker payudara berpartisipasi melalui metode purposive sampling. Supportive Care Needs Survey (SCNS-SF34) digunakan untuk pengumpulan data. Kuesioner ini menilai kebutuhan dalam lima domain: psikologis, sistem dan informasi kesehatan, kehidupan fisik dan sehari-hari, seksualitas, serta perawatan dan dukungan. Hasil: Peserta menunjukkan banyak kebutuhan perawatan suportif yang tidak terpenuhi, terutama dalam domain psikologis serta perawatan dan dukungan. Pemodelan regresi logistik mengungkapkan bahwa peserta kemoterapi pertama kali memiliki lebih banyak kebutuhan yang tidak terpenuhi di semua domain dan mereka dengan durasi pengobatan yang lama melaporkan domain psikologis adalah yang paling menonjol. Simpulan: Psikologis merupakan kebutuhan yang sangat diperlukan untuk pengembangan program perawatan pendidikan yang mendukung bagi penderita kanker payudara. Selain itu, perhatian dan dukungan dari anggota keluarga merupakan sumber penting untuk membantu mengembangkan program.
Saussurea Costus Extract Has Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Hormonal Effects Against Testicular Toxicity Induced by Oxaliplatin in Male Albino Rats
Authors:   Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assuit, Egypt., Ashry Mahmoud , Galal ELSahra Doaa ,   Medical Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Modern Technology and Information University, Cairo, Egypt., Abdel-Wahhab Khaled G. ,   Medical Physiology Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt., Abdelsalam Mahenor E. ,   Department of Biology, Center of Basic Sciences, Misr University for Science & Technology, Giza, Egypt., Mourad Hagar H. ,   Medical Physiology Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt., El-Bitar Alaa M.H. ,   Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assuit, Egypt., Gomaa Heba F. ,   Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ain-shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
Published: April 2022

Background: Testicular dysfunction is one of the common side effects that results from the treatment with oxaliplatin® as a chemotherapy drug, and pharmaceutical search for agents to relieve the side effects are underway. The current study explored the possible ameliorative and regenerative effects of Costus ethanolic extract against testicular degeneration in male rats induced by oxaliplatin. Methods: Male Wistar albino rats weighing 150-200g were divided into four groups of 10 rats each as follows: group-1 control rats; group-2 rats treated orally with the extract at 50 mg/kg/day for six weeks; group-3 rats injected oxaliplatin intraperitoneally at 10 mg/kg/week for six successive weeks; group-4 rats were injected intraperitoneally with oxaliplatin at 10 mg/kg/week combined with a daily oral dose of the Costus extract for six weeks. Results: Data from the current study revealed that the extract lowered the toxic effect of oxaliplatin on the testicular tissue samples. This was evident by the significant rise in the serum of total & free testosterone and CD4 cells, and the levels of GSH, SOD and CAT activities in the testis coupled with a marked reduction of serum TNF-α and IL-1β and testis MDA, nitric oxide levels and DNA fragmentation. Also, the extract promoted the regeneration of the histopathological structure of the testis. Conclusion: This study proposes a novel therapeutic application for the Costus extract as a therapeutic agent against testicular toxicity induced by oxaliplatin treatment through its promising anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
Nenormalnost ili o potrazi za identitetnim osnovama heavy metala
Authors: Jakić Ivan , Beroš Marin
Published: April 2022

Još su 1970. Black Sabbath sa svojim ranim singlom Paranoid
ukazali na smjer kojim će krenuti ono što ćemo kasnije znati pod imenom
heavy metal. Tematski otklon od ‘normalnosti’ oblikovat će ne samo jedan
glazbeni žanr nego i cijelu jednu kontrakulturu. U pola stoljeća postojanja
metal će proći mnogo mutacija, no ostat će uvijek provokativan, uvijek
ekstreman i uvijek na granici, a često i preko granice dobroga ukusa. On
će biti onaj ružni zrcalni odraz koji će ukazati na sve manjkavosti našega
modernog društva – ratove, bolesti, licemjerje, pohlepu, uništenje prirode…
Iako eskapistički element heavy metala nikako ne treba ignorirati, ovaj rad
će se u potrazi za njegovom identitetnom osnovom usmjeriti na njegov
društveni, odnosno politički element da bi procijenio koliko je samo
njegovo postojanje izmijenilo živote koje danas poznajemo.
Xela a diario, unha ollada dende o cotián
Authors: Gil Arias Darío
Published: April 2022

Xela Arias deixou na súa obra o seu propio retrato, o dunha muller “loitadora” e mesmo “temeraria” que non se deixou levar nunca pola covardía. O autor ofrece neste traballo unha ollada dende o cotián dunha muller que hoxe chocaría co culto ao éxito e á competición “en todo e contra todos”, e que sempre demostrou un profundo sentido da xustiza e da liberdade. A defensa da igualdade de xénero ou mesmo a divulgación da arte foron parte das causas que a autora defendeu, esta última como membro da Asociación Cultural Fundición Nautilus promovida polo artista e amigo Xosé Guillermo, ilustrador da primeira edición de Denuncia do equilibrio (1986).
Xela artenauta. Unha aproximación ao interese de Xela Arias por conectar a poesía con outras artes
Authors: López Rodríguez Belén
Published: April 2022

Xela Arias mostrou un interese constante, ao longo de toda a súa traxectoria, por transcender os formatos clásicos literarios e buscar un impacto directo da súa poesía conectándoa con outras artes. Dan conta desta inquedanza os distintos diálogos creativos que a escritora estableceu con outros autores. Por enriba de todos destacan tres: os que mantivo co pintor Xosé Guillermo, plasmado no deseño da coidada primeira edición de Denuncia do equilibrio (1986); co fotógrafo Xulio Gil, que deu como resultado un proxecto capital da cultura galega contemporánea, Tigres coma cabalos (1990), e co grupo de rock Desertores, ao que lle escribiu letras para os seus discos El desertor (1991) e El vicio de la carne (1994). A celebración do Día das Letras Galegas conseguiu que esa conexión que tanto lle interesaba manter a Xela Arias con outros artistas se prolongase ata este ano. Un dos exemplos máis claros é o libro Xela Arias. Palabra á intemperie (2021) no que Emma Pedreira e Laura Romero poñen a dialogar directamente o seu traballo co orixinal da poeta.
Las perspectivas del comercio exterior ante el escenario internacional de 2022
Authors: Estudios y Evaluación de Instrumentos de Política Comercial Subdirección General de
Published: April 2022

El año 2021 ha sido un año de recuperación para el comercio exterior español, tras el fuerte impacto de la crisis sanitaria en 2020. Esta recuperación, centrada en la exportación de bienes y de servicios no turísticos y más limitada en los servicios turísticos, se ha producido en un marco internacional sometido a diversas perturbaciones. Entre ellas, cabe destacar la aplicación del nuevo marco de relaciones comerciales entre el Reino Unido y la UE, desde principios de 2021; la aparición de cuellos de botella en el aprovisionamiento que ha condicionado la evolución de la actividad económica y comercial y, en sentido positivo, el levantamiento de los aranceles a la exportación de determinados productos españoles que se establecieron como consecuencia del caso Airbus. Para el año 2022, estos acontecimientos seguirán teniendo efectos y, además, el sector exterior deberá afrontar el impacto derivado de la invasión de Ucrania. Nuestro sector exportador ha mostrado una elevada resiliencia frente a estas perturbaciones. En particular, la base exportadora, haciendo uso de los instrumentos de apoyo a la internacionalización y de las medidas específicas diseñadas para afrontar la pandemia, ha continuado aumentando y los flujos de comercio de bienes han superado los niveles previos a la crisis sanitaria. Ante los nuevos desafíos que se presentan en 2022 los instrumentos de apoyo a la internacionalización y de política comercial deben adaptarse para continuar acompañando eficazmente a las empresas.
La COVID-19 en la Encuesta Anual Laboral
Authors: Fernández Díez Miguel
Published: April 2022

Este artículo analiza cómo se refleja en la Encuesta Anual Laboral el impacto de la pandemia COVID-19, en particular, en el uso por las empresas de instrumentos de flexibilidad interna. La encuesta refleja con nitidez el elevado uso de estas medidas, especialmente de los ERTE, como respuesta a las excepcionales circunstancias de 2020. También refleja aspectos cualitativos de interés en el uso de esas medidas, que serán claves en la reducción de la temporalidad en el mercado de trabajo. La Encuesta Anual Laboral es una estadística poco conocida que puede completar otras fuentes más habituales para mejorar el diseño de las políticas laborales y de empleo.
Interaction between Cadmium Oxide (CdO) Nanoparticles Aggregation Linked to DNA/RNA and Aryl Mercaptanes With Various Chain Length
Authors: Heidari Alireza
Published: April 2022

CdO nanoparticles show a strong peak of Plasmon absorption in ultraviolet–visible zone. A strong interaction exists between the surface of CdO nanoparticles and aryl mercaptan compounds. Aryl mercaptan compounds cause aggregation of CdO nanoparticles linked to DNA/RNA and hence, lead to widening of peak Plasmon of CdO nanoparticles surface at 550 (nm) and emerging a new peak at a higher wavelength. In the current project, this optical characteristic of CdO nanoparticles is used to time investigate of interaction between different aryl mercaptanes and CdO nanoparticles. The results were shown that aryl mercaptan compounds with shorter chain length interact faster with CdO nanoparticles. Therefore, a simple and fast method for identification of aryl mercaptanes with various chain length using red shift in surficial Plasmon absorption is presented.

Schematic of Cadmium Oxide (CdO) Nanoparticles Aggregation Linked to DNA/RNA by Aryl Mercaptanes with Various Chain Length.
Gender Roles and Gender Differences Dilemma: An Overview of Social and Biological Theories
Authors: Nyarko Ayisi Daniel , Krisztina Tóth
Published: April 2022

The union between a male and a female does produce not only new offspring but also a whole journey of gender experience. Scholars have posed countless questions, hypotheses, and articles seeking answers, validations, and explanations to how and why gender differences exist. To answer these questions, the present study reviewed the social and biological theories on gender differences, seeking to unearth their perspectives on the origin of gender differences. From the review, the social theory postulated that the society, through its social structures, created gender difference as a way of ensuring the division of labour between men and women. The biological theory also maintained that gender differences are natural orders created by biological processes to maintain a balance within the natural ecosystem. Based on the review, a model was developed to explain how both social and biological activities result in dividing roles between men and women. Recommendations that will ensure coexistence between men and women were also given.
Values from the Perspective of Islamic Educational Thoughts and Educational Philosophy
Authors: Al Qawasmeh Haneen , Hazaymeh Osama , Al-Qadri Mohammed , Al-Khamaiseh Reham
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to identify the values from the perspective of Islamic educational thought and contemporary educational philosophies. The descriptive analytical approach was used with reference to the sources, references and documents related to the analysis of values from the perspective of Islamic educational thought and contemporary educational philosophies. The researchers have concluded that the values in Islam are fixed due to the stability of their source (the Qur’an and Sunnah) and these have not been changed so far. The results showed that some Westerners see that values are relative according to circumstances and situations. They do not see the absolutes of values and they seek to achieve their interests, and there are no values they appeal to and they stop at their limits. Accordingly, the researchers made a set of recommendations, the most important of which is to shed light on the divine constitution, which is the Holy Qur’an appropriate for every time and place, and to derive the values that exist in it, and to teach in ways that enhance the values mentioned in the Holy Qur’an and the Prophetic Sunnah.
Development of Discrete Trial Training (DTT) Procedure in Smart Applied Behavior Analysis (Smart ABA) for Autism
Authors: Anwar Arneliza , Sutadi Rudy , Miranda Chairita
Published: April 2022

Lovaas was the first professional to use the principle of behavior modification for autism with a technique he called DTT (Discrete Trial Training), which later to be known as ABA (Applied Behavior Analysis). Through his study, Lovaas found that 47% of subjects had excellent results. While 42% with varying degrees, and the other 11% of subjects very little progress. In DTT, there are 2 possible responses, but the researchers' observations do not seem to be just 2 possibilities. This study's goal is to improve discrete trial training (DTT) procedures to increase the effectiveness of Smart Applied Behavior Analysis therapy for autism spectrum disorder. This study uses quantitative methods with a literature review research design. Research data is obtained through interviews, document studies, and literature reviews (journals and websites). The study focused on the researchers' findings that were adapted to earlier theories. The study was conducted at the researchers' autism clinic. During the implementation of therapy using DTT, the researchers observed that the child's response is not only 2, namely correct and incorrect. Based on the study conducted, it was obtained that there were 5 possible responses: Correct, incorrect, partial-correct, off-task, and no-response. Each of which required different feedback and its subsequent sequences, as well as the possibility of different causative factors which require different interventions. Further research with large and multi-center samples will further increase the effectiveness of DTT applications in Smart ABA for autism. This study was based on the researchers' findings while observing, mentoring, and supervising autism therapists.
Modelos predictivos del rendimiento académico a partir de características de estudiantes de ingeniería
Authors: Rico Páez Andrés , Gaytán Ramírez Nora Diana
Published: April 2022

El objetivo de esta investigación es proponer una metodología para construir modelos predictivos del rendimiento académico mediante características de estudiantes de ingeniería de nuestro país y comparar los modelos utilizando diferentes métricas de evaluación. En este estudio participaron 228 estudiantes que forman parte de una universidad pública en México. Los datos fueron recabados al inicio del curso y, por medio de tres técnicas de aprendizaje automático, se construyeron los modelos predictivos. Se analizaron las características de cada modelo y se consiguió una exactitud de las predicciones de alrededor de 65%. El modelo con la técnica Naïve Bayes resultó el más adecuado para la mayoría de las métricas empleadas en el estudio, principalmente, para identificar estudiantes en peligro de reprobación. Además, se encontró que el promedio actual fue la característica más significativa para la predicción del rendimiento académico de los estudiantes participantes en el estudio. La metodología desarrollada puede ser replicada para otros cursos y las características de los estudiantes pueden recabarse al inicio del curso o antes, permitiendo la posibilidad de realizar estrategias de intervención para estudiantes en peligro de reprobación.
Genre et citoyenneté. les femmes, sujets dans la construction de l'histoire
Authors: Rausell-Guillot Helena , Valls-Montes Rafael , Jardon-Soler Paula
Published: April 2022

This article presents the results of a survey of trainee teachers at the University of Valencia. It is a qualitative case study of 110 questionnaires, the aim of which is to gain a better understanding of the social representations and the notion of «protagonist of history » of the participants. The analysis of the obtained answers shows a smaller number of women’s names and a smaller occurrence of identified female characters compared to male characters. This result can be interpreted as a consequence of the invisibility of women in the history curriculum which, in our opinion, continues to deprive pupils of knowledge about female actors in history and, consequently, generates a restricted conception of citizenship.
Les représentations de la science historique des apprenants en difficulté dans les cours d'histoire
Authors: Pageau Laurie
Published: April 2022

In the context of a study of students who failed Quebec’s single ministerial test, we were interested in their perception of historical science. An analysis of the data suggests that, among the students who failed the test, many showed a learned helplessness regarding history and considered that its learning was disconnected from their own reality. Nearly a quarter of the participants associate this subject with memorization.
Fachdidaktik - Fachwissenschaft - Digitalisierung: Kollaborative Projektarbeit mit Studierenden im Rahmen der didaktischen Umsetzung einer Sozialgeschichte des Kantons St. Gallen als Beispiel innovativer Lehre
Authors: Metzger Thomas , Gunzenreiner Johannes
Published: April 2022

Between 2017 and 2022, students and professors from the St. Gallen University of Teacher Education develop didactic designs of socio-historical topics. Eight groups of two to three students work on this project each year. The results are presented on www.sozialgeschichte.ch. This paper addresses the project as an example of innovative teaching at universities of teacher education promoting both competences in history and history didactics as well as interdisciplinary competences. The project is substantially financially supported by the Society for Common Goods of the Canton St. Gallen.
Das "Anthropozän" - eine Zeitdiagnose
Authors: Manemann Jürgen
Published: April 2022

«Welcome to the Anthropocene» – that was the title of the The Economist magazine on 26 May 2011. What is behind this term, where does it come from? The essay introduces the basic philosophical perspectives of the Anthropocene: among other things, the determination of the relationship between nature and culture, the view of man as a creator and of humanity as a geological force. It shows that the idea of the Anthropocene has not yet been consolidated into a clear concept. The «Anthropocene» is a programmatic term for current transdisciplinary discourses of reassurance.
Enseigner l'histoire de l'environnement en classe d'histoire au Congo (RDC) : obstacles, opportunités et projet
Authors: Chiza Kashurha Christian , Bouhon Mathieu , Usungo Ulungu-Kinyamba Jacques , Van Schuylenbergh Patricia
Published: April 2022

This article deals with the introduction of environmental history to secondary school history classes in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). It presents a series of obstacles that make this project a real challenge, as well as the opportunities and resources that are available to make it possible. The article introduces pedagogical tools and materials developed within the framework of the inter-university cooperation project entitled «Environmental History Education in Kivu. Didactics and awareness raising » which aims to link the scholarly knowledge resulting from historiographical research, the aims of environmental education or historical education, and finally the operations inherent to the teaching and construction of knowledge in the school environment.
mRNA Expression of Genes Involves In Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway During HIV Infection and Therapy and Its Relation In Circulating cd4 T-Lymphocytes
Authors: Mahboob Nabeela , Munshi Saif Ullah , Tabassum Shahina
Published: April 2022

Background: CD4 T-lymphocyte apoptosis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection may occur due to activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway or triggered via death receptors. In this study, the differential expression of the genes involved in the intrinsic apoptotic pathway was investigated on circulating CD4 T-lymphocytes of HIV-infected patients and healthy controls.
Methods: The study included 55 HIV patients who were (1) asymptomatic antiretroviral therapy naive, (2) symptomatic antiretroviral therapy naive, and (3) on antiretroviral therapy. As control 20 healthy persons were included. CD4 T-lymphocytes were isolated from blood samples of HIV patients and healthy controls using density gradient centrifugation method and by negative selection from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (using CD4+ T Cell Isolation Kit followed by total RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis. Genes involved in the intrinsic apoptotic pathway of CD4+ T-lymphocyte including BAX, BAK, BIM, MCL-1 and BCL-2, Caspase-3, Caspase-9 and Calpain-1 were selected and analyzed by real-time PCR to detect their expression. The fold changes of gene expression of PLHIV groups were compared with that of healthy controls.
Results: Among the genes under study, no significant upregulation in the expression of BAX, BAK, Caspase-3, Calpain-1 and no significant downregulation in BIM, MCL-1 expression was observed with the exception of upregulation of BCL-2 and downregulation of Caspase-9 expression which were statistically significant (p <0.05). None of the studied genes showed any significant correlations between the gene expressions and CD4 T-lymphocyte count.
Conclusion: Gene expression of intrinsic apoptotic pathway may not have significant effect on peripheral CD4 T-lymphocytes count in HIV infection and treatment.
Bangladesh J Medicine 2022; 33: 176-185
Association of Hypothyroidism With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Hospital Based Experience in a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Faruque Farhana , Islam Naylla , Ul bashar SM Sufi Shafi , Chatterjee Mohua , Uddin Zahir
Published: April 2022

Background:Thyroid diseases and diabetes mellitus are the two most common endocrine disorders encountered in clinical practice. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has an intersecting underlying pathology with thyroid dysfunction. Insulin and thyroid hormones are intimately involved in cellular metabolism and thus excess or deficit of either of these hormones result in the functional derangement of the other.Despite the absence of definite guidelines regarding screening for thyroid dysfunction in diabetic patients, in the view of this incidence together with the mutual effect of the common two endocrinopathies on each other and the increased risk of complications in diabetic patients in the setting of abnormal thyroid dysfunction, a systematic approach to thyroid testing in diabetic patients is favorable.
Methods:A Cross sectional descriptive observational study was performed at a tertiary care centre.Patients of 30 years and older with known type 2 DM without thyroid disorders between March 2018 to September 2018 were included in this study by purposive sampling technique.A total of 100 patients were included in the study.
Results:Among the study patients, 13(26%) had thyroid abnormalities, 8 cases were male and 5 cases were female. Thyroid abnormality was associated with duration of DM. The mean duration of disease was 6.28±2.57 years in patients with normal thyroid profile group and 10.92±8.13 years in patients with abnormal thyroid profile (hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism) group. Patients with poor glycemic control prone to develop endocrinopathies like thyroid abnormality. HbA1c also shows the positive correlation with thyroid abnormality in type 2 diabetes patients. Regarding the definition of thyroid abnormality, 7% patients had Primary hypothyroidism, 2% Subclinical hypothyroidism and 3% primary hyperthyroidism and single case subclinical hyperthyroidism.
Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that hypothyroidism is the common thyroid disorder in type 2 DM patient. It seems that unidentified thyroid dysfunction could positively impact diabetes and its complications. The ability to diagnose and treat unsuspected thyroid dysfunction in these patients may greatly enhance the quality of life. Hence the need to detect such cases where thyroid dysfunction contributes to morbidity and where it is the cause for poor control of the associated conditions.
Bangladesh J Medicine 2022; 33: 193-201
Laboratory Parameters of Dengue Infection in a Medical College Hospital
Authors: Chowdhury Sabikun Nahar , Islam Md Nazrul , Roshed Md Mahabubur , Hossain Md Mokter , Saha Sukumar
Published: April 2022

Introduction & objective: Dengue is an acute illness caused by Aedes mosquito, commonly caused by Aedes aegypti. It is an endemic disease in South East Asian countries especially in Bangladesh. In 2019 a outbreak occurred in Bangladesh. The objective of the study was to see the laboratory parameter and outcome of dengue fever in a tertiary medical college hospital. Early diagnosis and laboratory investigations is essential to prevent the mortality associated with this disease.
Materials & Methods: This prospective study was conducted on dengue ward at Khulna medical college hospital from 1 July 2019 to 31 December 2019. The diagnosis of dengue infection was confirmed by serology. Sera were processed by dengue ELISA. Investigations like haemoglobin estimation, haematocrit, platelet count, total count; differential leukocyte count, peripheral smear, coagulation profile were performed.
Results: Total number of cases was 98. Of them 62 (63.2%) was male and 36 (36.73%) was female. Fever was most common (100%) manifestation and duration of fever ranges from 5 to 8 days with a mean duration of 6.31 (± 0.95) days. Blood for NS1 was positive in 90 (91.83% ) cases; most cases 71 (72.44%) become positive between 2nd to 4th day. 90 (91.83%) cases developed thrombocytopenia and it starts at 5th day in 45 (45.91%) cases. Anti IgM was positive in 4 (4.08%) cases; 2 at 4th day and 2 at 5th day of illness. IgG was positive in case at 8th day of illness.
Conclusion: These findings help physicians in early diagnosis of dengue by suspecting these features as of dengue and can prevent morbidity and mortality associated with dengue.
Medicine Today 2022 Vol.34(1): 61-64
Common Microorganisms Present in Diabetic Foot Infection and It’s Spectrum of Antibiotic Sensitivity
Authors: Rahman Md Ziaur , Uddin Mir Jalal , Mollah Abdul Hamid , khan Himika Hasan , Kabir AKM Ziaul
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Diabetic patients have foot problems secondary to neuropathy, micro-vascular changes and impaired resistance to infection. They are at increased risk of infection and ulceration. Diabetic ulcers are frequently involved in both aerobe and anaerobe microorganisms. It is important to culture the specimen on several different media. The Gram stain can provide valuable information regarding the range of organisms under consideration. The aim of this study is to identify the sensitive antibiotics to the specific aerobic bacteria, to prevent the random misuse of broad spectrum antibiotics and make awareness about diabetic foot care.
Materials and Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis and was carried out in general surgery and diabetic wards at North Bengal Medical College Hospital (NBMCH), Sirajganj, Bangladesh from August, 2019 to July, 2020. To identify common aerobic microorganism and spectrum of antibiotic sensitivity from 54 cases of diabetic foot ulcers, wound swabs taken and cultured using standard aerobic microbiological techniques. Antibiotic sensitivity testing to different antimicrobial agents were carried out using the disc diffusion method.
Result: Among 54 aerobic bacterial isolates, Gram negative bacteria 41(75.9%) and Gram positive bacteria 13(24.1%). Escherichia Coli 28(51.9%), Proteus spp 09(16.7%), Pseudomonas 03(5.6%), Klebsiella spp 01(1.9%) were isolated Gram negative bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus 13(24.1%) was only Gram positive bacteria. Gram negative bacterial isolates were sensitive to Imipenem, while Vancomycin showed good activity against Gram positive bacteria.
Conclusion: The antibiogram results of this study suggest that bacteria remain sensitive to a limited number of used agents, while found resistant to a number of widely used agents. Imipenem was most effective against Gram negative bacilli and also effective against Gram positive cocci.
Medicine Today 2022 Vol.34(1): 65-69
Contraceptive Methods Used by the Selective Rural Tea Garden Workers of Sylhet
Authors: Jahan Rifat , Habib Choudhury Md Monjurul , Haque ASM Mashrurul , Chowdhury Md Oliur Rahman , Chowdhury Shah Ferdous , Laboni Tina Progya
Published: April 2022

Introduction: This study was focused on contraceptive methods used by the selective Tea garden workers of Sylhet. The aim was to explore the used of the contraceptive methods and factors influencing the use of the contraceptive methods along with socio-demographic profile of the tea garden workers.
Materials and Methods: It was descriptive type of cross-sectional study carried out in some selective tea garden of Sylhet from July-December, 2020. 150 respondents were selected by purposive type of non-probability sampling method. Data were collected by a pretested mixed type questionnaire.
Results: The study revealed that 90 (60%) of workers belonged to of 20-29 years age group. The mean age was 33.87 ± 8.97. Most of the respondents 104 (69.3%) were female, 117 (78%) were followers of Hinduism, 109 (72.7%) were illiterate, 136 (90.7%) were from the nuclear family and 129 (86%) were belonged to lower class. Majority of the workers 136 (90.7%) were using contraceptive methods, among them 78 (57%) were using injectable contraceptive but no one use permanent methods. Most of them used contraceptive methods for prevent unwanted pregnancy and reduced family expenditure that was 46 and 40 (34% and 29%). The survey assessed the positive association between use of contraceptive methods and sex, religion (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Due to covid situation, the present study was conducted among only 150 respondents. Large scale survey is necessary to find out the exact pattern of contraceptive methods use throughout the tea garden workers.
Medicine Today 2022 Vol.34(1): 79-82
Congenital Oesophageal Stenosis Diagnosed at 15 Days of Age: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Shahidullah Shabnam , Sultana Naima , Sarkar Aditi , Nesa Vikarun , Roy Sunirmal , Begum Nurun Nahar
Published: April 2022

Congenital oesophageal stenosis is a rare entity with a frequently delayed diagnosis. Patients are often treated according to diagnosis of GERD until intolerance to semisolid diet appears and CES is suspected. It usually presents in infancy and childhood. We are reporting a case of congenital 0esophageal stenosis in fifteen days old male child. It is very rare to diagnose congenital oesophageal stenosis at this age.

Sir Salimullah Med Coll J 2022; 30: 96-99
Gesture Recognition using Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Putri Gladys , Santoso Handri
Published: April 2022

Sign language is very useful for giving signs to communication partners, in this case, signs are not only for people with disabilities but can also be used by normal people. Even in children's or adult games, sign language is used as a language or a means of communication with one another. Recognition of sign language using a computer by doing several methods, because the computer does not recognize the image of a sign with a certain meaning. Therefore, it is necessary to train computers to recognize these signs. One of the fields that discusses gesture image recognition is the field of Computer Vision. Where the science of computer vision is able to process the image. In addition, in image processing, it is necessary to carry out deep learning processes such as Convolutional Neural Networks. In the Convolutional Neural Network algorithm, there are also many methods or architectures such as VGG16, VGG19, ResNet-50, DenseNet, Inception_V3, and many more. The use of architecture is used in accordance with existing needs. Therefore, the choice of architecture will determine the model is built or not to build from scratch, only transfer learning or pre-train. Pre-training is done by using the initial model and then using it only. Or do some training. The purpose of this study was to detect sign language using the Generative Adversarial Network (GAN). Actually, the Generative Adversarial Network method is widely used in making synthetic images, but this time the Generative Adversarial Network can also detect images from sign language.