bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of quality standard of Ksheerabala oil: An Ayurvedic Formulation
Authors: Kumari T Jyostna , Pratap G Penchala , Prasad Shyam Baboo , Prasad Goli Penchala
Published: January 2021

This contemporary study is intended to standardize the Ksheerabalatailam with respect to Sida cordifolia root powder processed with sesame oil and milk. The chief objective of this contemporary research work is to assess the various Standardization properties of the Ksheerabalatailam like saponification value, Iodine value, Acid value, Peroxide value, Total fat, weight per milliliter, HPTLC and GCMS analysis. The physicochemical properties like the iodine value, saponification value, acid value, peroxide value, total fat, and HPTLC fingerprinting and GC-MS analysis were established. The results of these studies would be useful for authentication, standardization, and disclosing counterfeit deterioration of the original herbal drug of Ksheerabalatailam.
Molecular Physical Properties of Cryogloblin in Patients With Hepatitis B Virus in Al-Najaf Province
Authors: Al Hassani Ahmed Aleiwi , AL-Luhaiby Adil Ibadi , Al-Shamarti Mohammed Jasim
Published: January 2021

Cryoglobulins (CGs) are cold precipitating abnormal immunoglobulins. The incidence of hepatitis B was discovered to be greater in age groups (46-55 years) relative to other age groups. CGs were detected in 50 (33.3%) out of 150 patients with Hepatitis B. Three types of CGs precipitation nature were identified. Gelatinous (76%), flocculate (20%), and crystalline (4%). No relation was found between the patient’s age and CGs molecular physical properties.The cryoconite test of 50 serum samples revealed that their reversible precipitation characterizes cGs at 4ºC between 12 hours to five days, and solubility time at 37ºC ranged between half an hour and three hours.
Allelic Loss Of 1Q32.1 The Kiss-1 Metastasis Suppressor Gene Locus in Iraqi Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Alyasiri S N , Alzubaidi K L
Published: January 2021

Experimental cell lines provide evidence on Kiss-1 gene as a regulator of metastasis in many kinds of cancers, including breast cancer. However, there is scarcity in data for kiss1 gene expression profile in many malignancies, and to date, no effort has been made to explore kiss-1 gene-associated microsatellite markers in many types of tumors, including breast cancer. The present study aims to investigate the microsatellite markers associated with Kiss-1 gene and the current loss of Heterozygosity LOH in Iraqi patients with breast cancer; this was further correlated with immunohistochemical Kiss-1 gene expression. One hundred and three breast carcinoma samples were collected after mastectomy. Kiss-1 gene expression was analyzed using immunostaining. Three microsatellite marker sites: SHGC-76112, SHGC-76186 intragenic, and SHGC-33412 in chromosome 1q32.1 were selected to define allelotyping of kiss-1 gene in paired DNA samples `from tumor cells and control blood cells of each patient. The loss of Kiss-1 gene expression was significantly correlated with the clinical tumor stage (p-value andGLT; 0.01). Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) occurs in 60 (60%) samples. Seven of the examined samples show LOH in two markers; none of the samples show LOH in the three markers. Seven samples show LOH for both intragenic markers (SHGC-76112 and SHGC-76186). The highest LOH percentage was 28%, which occurred within the intragenic microsatellite marker (SHGC-76186), and the lowest was 14% within the flanking region microsatellite marker (SHGC-33412). Interestingly, a statistically significant relationship was found between the LOH and Loss of Kiss-1 gene expression (p-value = 0.0005). This study convinced us to consider the vital role of this gene in the progression of the carcinoma in Iraqi patients with breast cancer.
Metformin Contributed with Lactic Acidosis in The White Male Rats
Authors: Nasir Afyaa Sabah
Published: January 2021

Metformin treatment associated with development lactic acidosis (MALA) is a clinical problem. Recently, not found any drug to decrease or prevent MALA. The present study is designed to evaluate the advantage and disadvantages of metformin drugs in white male rats. A sample of 30 white male rats were randomly divided into three groups each group contain ten rats.: Group one administrated distal water to kept as control group for two months, Group two administrated metformin at dose 250 mg/kg for two months, and Group three administrated metformin at dose 500 mg/kg for two months. After the end of the experiment, two months, the rats were sacrificed to obtain the blood and tissues for analysis. The results show no significant change (p andgt; 0.05) in the final weight of rats and the weight of the kidney and liver relative to the bodyweight as well as, the results show no significant change (p andGLT; 0.05) in the levels of urea and creatinine in the serum of rats treated with metformin drug. Also, the results appear no significant change (p andgt; 0.05) in the liver enzymes include aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase and total bilirubin in the metformin-treated groups relative to controls. In conclusion, the present study recorded not found harmful effects in the liver and kidney after taking metformin against diabetes except lactic acidosis state after using a drug for a long time.
The Effect of Boric Acid on Immune Response in Mice Vaccinated by Proteus Vulgaris Antigen
Authors: Abed Saif M , Hamed May A , Abdulabbas Hussein T
Published: January 2021

This study was carried out to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of the Boric acid on the immune responses of mice that vaccinated by Proteus Vulgaris antigens. The study was included six groups; the first group (I) was treated with distilled water. The II group was mice treated with Proteus Vulgaris antigens only, (III) group: injected subcutaneously with a dose of (600 ug/Kg), IV group was injected subcutaneously with a dose of (400 ug /Kg) boric acid. The V and VI groups were treated with p. Vulgaris and boric acid. All these groups were carried out at day 1; then, the mice were killed on day 8 to estimate the parameter. The phagocytic activity index was estimated by Eliza reader. While on day I4 the lymphocyte transformation was estimated by MTT index and by Eliza reader. In this regard, all groups of mice showed different significant increases (P≤ 0.05) in the NBT index as compared with group I, the control group, which was injected with distilled water and group 5 and 6 showed increasing significantly compared with group II. III. IV. On the other side of the study, the results of the lymphocyte transformation index in mice of all groups were showed different significant as compared to group I. The best treatment efficiency was recorded in-group V, VI compared with treated groups II. III. IV). The results demonstrated a clear immunomodulatory effect of boric acid (enhancement of nonspecific immunity, and adaptive immunity) of the treated mice immunized with P. Vulgaris.
RP-HPLC Method Development and Validation For Simultaneous Estimation of Paracetamol and Mefenamic Acid in Pharmaceutical Suspension
Authors: Kopparapu Venkata Nanda Kumar , Kasula Poornima , Reddy Ankinapalli Ajay Kumar , Venkateswarlu M
Published: January 2021

Paracetamol (PCT) and Mefenamic acid (MFA), in combination, is recommended widely for the treatment of antipyretic and anti-inflammatory conditions. The present works carry a new simple, rapid, precise, accurate, and sensitized method of high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection for simultaneous quantification of PCT and MFA. The samples are eluted in isocratic mode using a Phenomenex ODS 3V C18 (4.6mm × 250 mm i.d, with a particle size of 5μm) with the mobile composition of methanol: phosphate buffer pH 7.1 (70:30) delivered at a flow rate of 1ml/min with the detection wavelength of 254 nm. It shows good linearity response in the concentration range of 15-35 μg/mL and 6-14 μg/ml for PCT and MFA with the retention times of 3.0 min and 4.8 min, respectively. The quantities of PCT and MFA in pharmaceutical suspension were found to be 99.01% and 101.02%, respectively. The method was quantitatively evaluated according to ICH guidelines taking into consideration the required parameters, and the results obtained are within acceptable limits. So, the proposed method can be employed in the routine analysis and evaluation of MFA and PCT in both bulk and suspension dosage form.
Molecular Docking Guided Screening of Phytoconstituents from Artemisia iwayomogi as Potential PPARδ Agonists
Authors: Grewal Ajmer Singh , Sharma Neelam , Singh Sukhbir
Published: January 2021

Metabolic syndrome is a disease condition characterized by decreased insulin sensitivity, hyperlipidemia, abdominal obesity, hypertension, and myocardial diseases, primarily related to a high-fat diet and lack of physical exercise. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) δ stimulation changes the body’s energy fuel preference to fats from sugar. PPARδ is expressed universally in all tissues of the human body, particularly those involving lipid metabolism. PPARδ is an evolving pharmacological target for the pharmacotherapeutics of diseases linked to metabolic syndrome. Artemisia iwayomogi ethanol extract was reported as PPARδ agonist and reduced diet-induced overweight via stimulation of fatty acid oxidation in the skeletal muscles. The present study is designed to evaluate in silico some phytoconstituents, including 4 coumarins, 12 flavonoids, 5 phenolic compounds and 7 caffeoyl-quinic acid derivatives found in A. iwayomogi to explore their binding mode and interactions with the PPARδ protein. A total of 28 compounds evaluated in silico, 16 compounds displayed good binding free energy, and significant docking interactions with the binding site residues of PPARδ protein supporting the in vitro PPARδ agonistic activity of A. iwayomogi extract. Amongst these, scopolin, patuletin, patuletin-3-glucoside, 1,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-1,3-diol, 3-caffeoylquinic acid, and 1,3-dicaffeoylquinic acid displayed most significant binding interactions with binding site residues of PPARδ. This information can be utilized for developing potent and non-toxic natural PPARδ agonists for the management of disorders related to metabolic syndrome.
Development and Validation of UV Spectrophotometric Method For The Estimation of Finasteride Drug
Authors: Sanganabhatla Divya , Sunder R Shyam
Published: January 2021

A simple, accurate, precise, reproducible, highly sensitive, an economic spectrophotometric method has been developed for the estimation of finasteride. UV spectrophotometric method is based on the measurement of absorption at a maximum wavelength of 255 nm. The developed method was validated with respect to linearity, accuracy (recovery), Precision (inter and intraday variations), LOD and LOQ. Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of 5 – 25 μg/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.9933. Results of the analysis were validated statistically and by recovery study. Hence the developed and validated method can be used for estimation of finasteride.
Synthesis and Characterization of Some New Heterocyclic Derivatives and Studying of their Biological Activity (Anti-Bacteria)
Authors: Behjet Shaimaa A. , Khudair Zahraa F.
Published: January 2021

Introduction: In this work synthesis, many kinds of heterocyclic derivatives by many steps, the first we preparation 1-(4-((1H-imidazol_2-yl-) diazenyl) phenyl) ethan-1_one. (1) by coupling of diazonium salt of p-amino acetophenone with imidazole in alkaline alcoholic media, the second step include react (1) with 2_amino_6_methylpyrimidin _4_ol in acid medium to get Schiff base derivatives(2)the last step include react(2) with (sodium azide, thioglycolic acid, glycine, alanine, Tryptophan, (2 aminobenzoic acid), (2-mercaptobenzoic acid) to give (tetrazole(3), thiazolidine(4), imidazolidine(5-7), Thiazinie(8), Quinazoline (9) derivatives, respectively. All these derivatives Characterization by FTIR, 1HNMR, 13C-NMR, After that we studied the biological activity for all derivatives for all derivatives studied the anticancer for (2).
Analytical Method Development and Validation of First Order Derivative Spectrophotometric Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Telmisartan and Metformin Hydrochloride in their Combined Pharmaceutical Dosage Form
Authors: Khristi Avani , Baraka John , Dasvani Brijesh
Published: January 2021

Ultra Violet (UV) Sectrophotomertic method has been developed for simultaneous estimation of telmisartan and metformin hydrochloride in bulk drug in their combined dosage form by first-order derivative. This method developed by using Methanol: Water (50: 50 v/v). Linearity was found near to 1, for telmisartan and Metformin hydrochloride. For Intraday, Interday, Intermediate precision, Robustness, %RSD was found less than 2. % Recovery was found to be between ranges 98-106% for both the drugs. These results indicate that the method is accurate, precise, and simple. All validation Parameter results comply with ICH guidelines.
The Study on Age of Menarche in Girls in the Buldana District of Maharashtra
Authors: Adhao Vaibhav Suresh , Thenge Raju Ramesh , Ajmire Prashan Vishnu
Published: January 2021

The present study was designed to determine the age at which menarche occurs among school girls in Buldana district of Maharashtra state, India. A survey was conducted among 488 girls by writing the questionnaire from schools in the selected area. Respondents completed a questionnaire that recorded age at first menstruation by the recall, residential status, type of education, and diet/food habit. The mean age at menarche was 13.44 ± 0.75 years. Most girls (72.95%) of the respondents were found of normal age menarche (12–14 years), 27.05% of late-type menarche (> 14 years), and 0% were of early menarche (less than 12 years). Our study suggests an influence of school education, residential area, and diet/food habit on menarcheal age.
Novel First-Order Derivative UV Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Acarbose in Solid Dosage Forms
Authors: Karajgi Santosh , Gaviraj E. N. , Mali Sunayana
Published: January 2021

An easy, perfect, specific, and accurate process has been studied for the estimation of acarbose pure drug form, as well as, tablet dosage forms. Using methanol as a solvent, acarbose has absorbance maxima at 206 nm, and this drug shows a linear response according to Beer’s law in the concentration range of 24 to 40 μg/mL. The outcomes of the study were validated statistically, and recovery studies were satisfactory as per ICH guidelines. Thus, the projected method can be proficiently useful for the estimation of acarbose in regular analysis effort.
Antileishmanial Effect of Berberine and extracts of Berberis vulgaris on the Growth of Leishmanial Species
Authors: Najim Zina K. , Hassan Husain F.
Published: January 2021

The present investigation was revealed that the Berberine (0.01, 0.1, 1 mg/cm3), aqueous extracts and alcoholic extract (1,10,100 mg/cm3) of Berberis vulgaris roots were inhibitory on the growth of Leishmania tropica, L. donovani, and L. infantum promastigotes. High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of the plant extracts proved to contain Berberine as an active compound. Berberine and B. vulgaris root extracts were caused a significant decrease in total nucleic acid contents of three leishmanial species, thus, considering to be an excellent agents for antileishmanial chemotherapy.
Impact of Ocimum Tenuiflorum Mediated Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles on In-Vitro Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities
Authors: Dhanapal Anto Cordelia T. A. , Warrant Ashwinie N.
Published: January 2021

The leaf extract of O. tenuiflorum was used to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and evaluated for its antioxidant and antibacterial properties. The silver nanoparticle was characterized using the UV-Vis spectrophotometer, SEM, FTIR, and XRD. The total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were determined for both leaf extract and synthesized silver nanoparticles. Antioxidant activities before and after synthesis of silver nanoparticles was assessed by DPPH, ABTS, iron chelating, and NO radical scavenging methods. The antibacterial activity of the leaf extract and AgNP were tested against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Statistical analysis was carried out to establish possible relations between the antioxidant, antibacterial and antioxidant activities. The formation of a dark brown solution mixture confirms the formation of silver nanoparticles at a wavelength of 450 nm. The AgNPs synthesized were spherical, with the size between 14 to 33 nm. Functional groups such as alcohol, aldehyde, nitrile, primary amines, carbonyl, and aromatic groups were confirmed by FTIR and XRD. Total phenol was higher in leaf extract, while total flavonoids were higher in the AgNps. Silver nanoparticles exhibited strong NO scavenging activity while leaf extract showed better ABTS scavenging activity. Silver nanoparticles inhibited E. coli better compared to S. aureus bacteria. It can be coined that the leaf extract of Ocimum tenuiflorum mediated the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and possess strong antioxidant and antibacterial potentials that can find application in various biomedical areas.
Formulation and Evaluation of Levocetirizine Dihydrochloride and Ambroxol Hydrochloride Lozenges
Authors: Suttee A , Sriram P , Arsham P , Thout R Reddy
Published: January 2021

The present work aims to formulate and evaluate levocetirizine dihydrochloride and ambroxol hydrochloride hard candy lozenges to produce a slow-release of drugs for the management of cold and cough. The lozenges were prepared using sucrose, liquid glucose, hydroxyethylcellulose, and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K4M by heating and congealing method. Sweetener with flavors was utilized to facade the bitter taste of the drug. The developed lozenges were exposed to various physical and chemical characters, and in vitro disintegration and dissolution. The developed formulations include hardness of 8 to 11 kg/cm², non-gritty, and agreeable mouthfeel. The optimized formula was examined for drug excipient interactions subjecting to Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectral analysis. Drug release for lozenges was highest in formulation FL8. The hard candy lozenges can present an attractive substitute formulation in allergic conditions.
Vigilance System Requirements Across US and EU for Medical Device
Authors: Shashank N , Venkatesh M P. , Krishna Yamini , Kumar T.M. Pramod
Published: January 2021

Medical device vigilance is concerned about device problems (incidents) their analysis and mitigation to ensure that device performance is good and that patient safety are maintained. The main aim of this is to outline the criteria of the medical device vigilance program and to highlight the requirements that still remain in the state laws of regulated markets (US and EU) and to increase access to safe, reliable and therapeutic benefits. The severity of the Subject, risk assessment should carried out by the manufacturer prior to marketing. In US, Medical Device surveillance deals with post-marketing monitoring where the manufacturer or importer is required submit reports to regulatory authorities; same as in the EU. US medical device tracking system involved with different sections to update adverse event. The user or manufacturer has to report incidents to member states where necessary actions are to be taken as early as possible to protect or reduce hazard of casualty or severe decline in terms of safety and quality by implementing the CAPA for risk analysis.
Regenerative Medicine: Analysis, Forecast and Regulatory Requirements
Authors: Venkatesh M P. , Akil A. , Balamuralidhara V , Kumar T M Pramod
Published: January 2021

Regenerative medicine is a new and expanding field in biomedical research. Organ and tissue loss through disease and injury, propel the development of a treatment that can regenerate tissue and help for less relaying in organ transplantation. Regenerative medicine has the potential to heal tissue and damaged organ. Currently, a patient suffering from diseased and injured organs can be treated with transplantation organs, but there is a shortage of donor organs. Dermatology is estimated to have a larger share in the market for regenerative medicine as skin being an organ with great cell replicate characteristics. US and Japan play a major role in the market for regenerative medicine. Food and drug administration (FDA) regulations for a medical device used in regenerative medicine are covered here to support risk-based, flexible regulatory methods to help and support the potential to bring novel treatment possibilities to market further. But due to incorrect FDA regulations, it stands as a barrier for the marketing regenerative medicines. Better and clear guidance development or a clear regulatory framework for both regenerative medicine and medical device can leads the product a best fit clinical development and product access in the market.
A Review on Analytical Methods of Dapagliflozin: An Update
Authors: Pathak Shilpi , Mishra Pradeep
Published: January 2021

co-transporter offer. It is used in patients with type 2 diabetes. It is administered as tablets. It has several analytical papers for estimation of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) or drug formulation by reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV). It is very challenging to use of chemicals, drugs, and solvent of separation methods used in the pharmaceutical product to green chemistry. This review mostly used dihydrogen phosphate buffer and other toxic reagents for estimation and these agents harm instruments, as well as, environment and a lot of waste so that novel analytical techniques for quantifying and defining dapagliflozin should be built as easy as possible and secure for the individual and the community. This review pays attention to the critical condition of physicochemical, properties, action, and aims to focus on different analytical methods for the estimation of dapagliflozin in pharmaceutical formulations.
O Estudo da Performance do Sistema Fotovoltaico (on Grid) da Escola Politécnica de Pernambuco – Poli/UPE
Authors: Barros Nithyane Rayssa Pires , Diniz Carlos Frederico Dias , Barros Wallysson Klaus Pires
Published: January 2021

O sistema de geração fotovoltaica encontra-se em expansão por ser, em especial, uma fonte limpa e renovável paralela aos danos ambientais causados por algumas fontes de geração de energia, como a térmica e a hidroelétrica, grandes componentes da matriz energética brasileira. Partindo deste ponto de vista, o presente artigo visa efetuar uma análise dos níveis de irradiação para avaliar o sistema fotovoltaico instalado na Universidade de Pernambuco e determinar diretrizes de localização e angulação dos módulos solares, bem como acompanhar a produção de energia elétrica, implantada pela Companhia Energética de Pernambuco (Celpe), através do Programa de Eficiência Energética da ANEEL (PROPEE). Foram instalados 54 módulos, totalizando uma potência de 12,5 kW e inaugurado no dia 19 de setembro de 2017. Ao término desta fase, foi realizado um estudo sobre orientação, inclinação e irradiação das placas, com a finalidade de proporcionar melhorias no rendimento do sistema. Com o auxílio da plataforma computacional AURORA VISION e do software PVsyst, foi possível monitorar a produção e o desempenho energético das placas solares. Com os resultados obtidos nesta pesquisa, será possível otimizar o sistema fotovoltaico no que diz respeito a sua performance, proporcionando principalmente a produção de energia elétrica mais eficiente.
Implantação de Ferramentas da Qualidade na Melhoria do Processo Produtivo Em Uma Panificadora
Authors: Nascimento Iasmin Constantino Barbosa , Bazante de Oliveira Luciana
Published: January 2021

A gestão da qualidade, ao decorrer da sua evolução, tem se tornado significativamente mais representativa e essencial à melhoria continua dos processos. Devido ao crescimento das panificadoras e a elevada normatização legal para tal segmento, tem cada vez mais aumentado a responsabilidade das empresas com a qualidade dos produtos. Este artigo foi desenvolvido para implementar soluções em uma empresa de panificação, com intuito de gerar melhorarias no processo de produção. A metodologia adotada possibilitou abordar os processos da organização, proporcionando o reconhecimento dos pontos que ocasionaram os problemas com maior relevância, gerando alternativas para obter soluções. Por meio de algumas ferramentas da qualidade: Fluxograma, Folha de Verificação, Diagrama de Ishikawa, Diagrama de Pareto e 5W2H, para melhor observar o processo, sistematizar os dados e analisar com maior clareza as principais falhas. Os dados obtidos mostraram que o principal problema eram os pães defeituosos, que foram devidamente analisado e sugerido ações de forma eficaz.
Modelagem e Representação de Vehicular Functions
Authors: Santos Fábio Augusto , Campos Gustavo Lobato , De Oliveira Patrick Santos
Published: January 2021

A indústria automobilística está em contínuo crescimento, de tal forma que sua influência no mercado mundial não passa despercebida. Isso se dá, em grande parte, devido às elevadas cifras investidas por parte das montadoras em pesquisa e desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias. Consequentemente observa-se níveis de automação veicular cada vez mais altos, de forma a proporcionar ao condutor, principalmente, mais conforto, comodidade e segurança. Com isso os sistemas desenvolvidos devem atender crucialmente níveis de segurança elevados. E tudo tem início com o projeto das funções veiculares, do inglês, Vehicular Functions (VFs), objeto de desenvolvimento deste trabalho, as quais possuem as mesmas características de um sistema embarcado, mas com uma construção diferente. Para conseguir tal objetivo, ocorre primeiramente a definição das VFs a serem trabalhadas e, a partir de simulações e construções de modelos baseados no Model Based Desgin (MBD), ocorre a validação dos sistemas construídos. Por fim, tem-se a montagem de um protótipo em escala reduzida, com base em circuitos desenvolvidos em simulador online. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, é possível afirmar que os sistemas atenderam às expectativas.
Análise da Frequência em que Fontes Geradoras de Infiltração Ocorrem em Edifícios Inspecionados na Cidade de Aracaju-SE e Suas Manifestações Patológicas
Authors: Carvalho Emanuella De Araújo , Oliveira Monalisa , Monteiro Eliana
Published: January 2021

Por dois anos fiscalizando obras de manutenção predial, foi notável o grande transtorno causado por infiltrações nos sistemas construtivos. Chamou atenção a frequência com que as manifestações patológicas e os ambientes nos quais elas surgiam se repetiam. Com o objetivo de avaliar a incidência dessas manifestações patológicas em edificações geradas a partir do surgimento de infiltrações, 15 edifícios residenciais distribuídos pela cidade de Aracaju foram inspecionados. Notou-se que todos os edifícios avaliados apresentavam algum tipo de manifestação patológica, com foco no surgimento de manchas, fissuras e corrosão na armadura dos elementos estruturais. Juntamente a isso, foi visto que surgem em sua maioria em ambientes de áreas comuns gerados por falta de manutenção ou falha na impermeabilização, piscinas elevadas e jardineiras. Tais informações podem auxiliar na elaboração de um manual de manutenção direcionado aos condomínios, reduzindo assim custos com reparações e prolongando a vida útil das construções.
PREPARATION OF HIGHLY POROUS AROMATIC POLYMERS BY THE FRIEDEL-CRAFTS REACTION
Authors: Еремченкова Наталья Эдуардовна , Быков Алексей Владимирович , Никошвили Линда Жановна , Киви-Минскер Любовь Львовна
Published: January 2021

Работа посвящена получению полимера путем сшивки ароматических фрагментов молекул-мономеров с помощью реакции Фриделя-Крафтса. В ходе работы впервые был синтезирован полимер с высокой удельной площадью поверхности (705 м/г) с применением в качестве мономеров бензола и нафталина. Полученный ароматический полимер в дальнейшем может использоваться в качестве носителя для создания катализаторов гидрирования.

This work is devoted to the polymer synthesis by crosslinking of aromatic fragments of monomer molecules using Friedel-Crafts reaction. In the framework of this work, a polymer with a high specific surface area (705 m/g) was synthesized for the first time using benzene and naphthalene as monomers. The resulting aromatic polymer can be used as a support for the development of hydrogenation catalysts.
STUDY OF MOLECULAR CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PRODUCT OF ISOPRENE POLYMERIZATION ON A NEODYMIUM-CONTAINING CATALYTIC SYSTEM BASED ON MODELING BY THE MONTE-CARLO METHOD
Authors: Мустафина Светлана Анатольевна , Михайлова Татьяна Анатольевна , Мифтахов Эльдар Наилевич , Михайлов Владимир Анатольевич
Published: January 2021

В статье предложен алгоритм моделирования периодического процесса полимеризации, основанный на методе Монте-Карло. Апробация алгоритма осуществляется на примере процесса растворной полимеризации изопрена в присутствии каталитической системы на основе хлорида неодима, лежащей в основе промышленного производства изопренового синтетического каучука. В основе алгоритма лежит имитация роста каждой макромолекулы формируемого полимера и ее отслеживание. Построенная модель позволяет исследовать молекулярно-массовые характеристики полимера в зависимости от конверсии мономеров, проводить расчет молекулярно-массового распределения получаемого продукта в любой момент времени ведения процесса. На основе предложенного алгоритма разработан программный продукт для прогнозирования изменения характеристик образующегося полимера в динамике.

The article proposes an algorithm for modeling a batch process of polymerization based on the Monte Carlo method. The algorithm is tested on the process of solution polymerization of isoprene in the presence of a catalytic system based on neodymium chloride. This process underlies the industrial production of isoprene synthetic rubber. The algorithm is based on the imitation of the growth of each macromolecule of the formed polymer and tracking the processes occurring with it. The constructed model makes it possible to study the molecular weight characteristics of the polymer depending on the conversion of monomers, to calculate the molecular weight distribution of the formed product at any time during the process. Based on the proposed algorithm, a software product has been developed for predicting changes in the characteristics of the formed polymer in dynamics.
ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS OF THE VOLGA RIVER
Authors: Тихомиров Олег Алексеевич , Сердитова Наталья Евгеньевна
Published: January 2021

В статье рассматриваются вопросы накопления тяжелых металлов в донных отложениях реки Волги в пределах Тверской области. Анализируются основные источники загрязняющих веществ. Дается характеристика концентраций тяжелых металлов в воде и донных отложениях. Приводится эколого-геохимическая оценка состояния донных грунтов Верхней Волги и Иваньковского водохранилища.

The article deals with the accumulation of heavy metals in the bottom sediments of the Volga River within the Tver region. The main sources of pollutants are analyzed. The characteristics of the concentrations of heavy metals in water and bottom sediments are given. An ecological and geochemical assessment of the state of bottom soils of the Upper Volga and Ivankovskoye reservoir is given.
GEL FORMATION IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF L-CYSTEINE AND SILVER NITRITE
Authors: Потапенкова Татьяна Викторовна , Хижняк Светлана Дмитриевна , Вишневецкий Дмитрий Викторович , Пахомов Павел Михайлович
Published: January 2021

В работе исследованы процессы гелеобразования в разбавленных водных растворах на основе простейшей аминокислоты L-цистеина и нитрита серебра (AgNO). С помощью метода УФ спектроскопии в широком диапазоне концентраций L-цистеина и AgNO в растворе от 0,001 до 0,05 М и различном соотношении L-цистеин/AgNO от 1,0/0,8 до 1,0/1,6. Изучены процессы самоорганизации, приводящие к образованию гидрогеля. Установлено, что для растворов с концентрацией исходных компонентов 0,05 М образуются устойчивые гидрогели, содержащие наночастицы серебра.

The work investigated the processes of gelation in dilute aqueous solutions based on the simplest amino acid L-cysteine and silver nitrite (AgNO). The processes were studied using UV spectroscopy in a wide range of concentrations of L-cysteine and AgNO in solution from 0.001 to 0.05 M and various ratios of L-cysteine / AgNO from 1.0 / 0.8 to 1.0 / 1.6. Self-organization leading to the formation of a hydrogel. It was found that stable hydrogels containing silver nanoparticles are formed for solutions with a concentration of initial components of 0.05 M.
The ``attack-defense'' game with restrictions on the intake capacity of points
Authors: Перевозчиков Александр Геннадьевич , Решетов Валерий Юрьевич , Лесик Александра Ильинична
Published: January 2021

Работа обобщает игру «нападение-оборона» Ю.Б.Гермейера в части учета пропускной способности пунктов и основана на его обобщенном принципе уравнивания, что приводит в случае однородности ресурсов сторон к выпуклым минимаксным задачам, которые могут быть решены методом субградиентного спуска. Классическая модель «нападение-оборона» Ю.Б.Гермейера является модификацией модели О.Гросса. В работе В.Ф. Огарышева исследована игровая модель, обобщающая модели Гросса и Гермейера. В работе Д.А. Молодцова изучалась модель Гросса с непротивоположными интересами сторон, в работах Т.Н.Данильченко, К.К. Масевич и Б.П.Крутова - динамические расширения модели. В военных моделях пункты интерпретируются обычно как направления и характеризуют пространственное распределение ресурсов защиты по ширине. Однако реально имеют место также ограничения по пропускной способности пунктов (направлений). Это приводит в случае однородных ресурсов к минимаксным задачам для определения гарантированного результата (НГР) обороны. Получена точная верхняя оценка для НГР обороны, которая показывает потенциальные возможности обороны с учетом пропускной способности пунктов (направлений).

The work generalizes the Germeier’s "attack-defense" game in terms of accounting for the intake capacity of points and is based on his generalized equalization principle, which leads to convex minimax problems that can be solved by subgradient descent in the case of homogeneity of the parties' resources. The classical Germeier’s "attack-defense" model is a modification of the Gross’ model. The game model that generalizes Gross’ model and Germeier’s model was studied by Ogaryshev. Molodtsov studied the Gross’s model with nonantagonistic interests of the parties; Danilchenko, Masevich and Krutova studied the dynamic extensions of the model. In the military models the points are usually interpreted as directions and characterize the spatial distribution of defense resources by width. However, there are also actual restrictions on the intake capacity of points. This leads, in the case of homogeneous resources, to minimax problems for determining the best guaranteed defense result (BGDR). An accurate upper estimate for the best guaranteed defense result was obtained, which shows the potential defense capabilities taking into account the intake capacity of points.
The Moral Closure Argument
Authors: Lutz Matt
Published: January 2021

Abstract here.
Blaming for Unreasonableness: Accountability without Ill Will
Authors: Ayars Alisabeth A
Published: January 2021

Quality of will accounts of moral responsibility hold that ill will is necessary for blameworthiness. But all such accounts are false to ordinary moral practice, which licenses blame for agents who act wrongly from epistemically unreasonable ignorance even if the act is not ill willed. This should be especially concerning to Strawsonians about moral responsibility, who think the genuine conditions of blameworthiness are derived from the standards internal to our practice. In response, I provide a theory of moral blameworthiness on which ill will is not necessary for blameworthiness.

On the view I defend, “Rational Capacitarianism,” agents are blameworthy whenever they act wrongly from an unreasonable attitude which is attributable to them, where an attitude is attributable to an agent just in case she has the capacity to assess reasons for and against the attitude and modulate the attitude in light of these assessments. Acting from unreasonable ignorance is just a special case of acting from an unreasonable attitude. 

My theory contrasts both with both quality of will accounts of blameworthiness (Strawson, Wallace, Rosen, McKenna) and the Capacitarian view (Sher, Rudy-Hiller, Clarke), which specifies that agents who act wrongly from ignorance are culpable if they could and should have known better. On Capacitarianism, a variety of awareness-relevant capacities are pertinent, including memory; on my view it is only failures of rational capacities that render the agent culpable, because only failures of rational capacities are attributable to the agent.
DA ELABORAÇÃO DE PROJETOS À CONSTRUÇÃO DE CONCEITOS ESTATÍSTICOS: UMA EXPERIÊNCIA COM ALUNOS DO ENSINO MÉDIO
Authors: Conceição Jadson de Souza
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo relata uma experiência de ensino desenvolvida ao longo das aulas de Estatística, no 2° trimestre do ano letivo de 2019, em uma Escola Estadual localizada na região da Chapada Diamantina, na Bahia, e objetivou desenvolver nos estudantes do Ensino Médio, por meio da metodologia de elaboração de projetos de pesquisa, o letramento estatístico. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo de natureza qualitativa, guiado pelo Modelo SKOPOS, em três pilares: (i) escopo; (ii) plano de ação e (iii) plano de controle e avaliação. Os dados coletados foram analisados sob dois tópicos: os projetos de pesquisa e seus resultados e as reflexões sobre os projetos de pesquisa. Ao final desta experiência, foi possível perceber que a proposta de atividades favoreceu a aprendizagem dos estudantes no tocante à Estatística. Esses resultados induzem à conclusão de que a realização da atividade, por meio da elaboração de projetos, proporcionou aos alunos o desenvolvimento do letramento estatístico, como também os conscientizou sobre os papéis que eles desempenham na sociedade, principalmente no que diz respeito ao exercício da cidadania e criticidade.
POTENCIAIS OPORTUNIDADES FORMATIVAS COM MTSK E PESQUISAS CIENTÍFICAS SOBRE FRAÇÕES E OPERAÇÕES
Authors: Wielewski Gladys Denise , Moriel Junior Jeferson Gomes
Published: January 2021

As pesquisas com o Mathematics Teachers’ Specialized Knowledge (MTSK) têm crescido no mundo e no Brasil, entretanto ainda há poucos estudos sobre criação e avaliação de atividades formativas com tal marco teórico. O objetivo deste artigo é discutir teoricamente como a combinação das dimensões do MTSK com resultados científicos em Educação Matemática pode oferecer caminhos formativos para potencializar o desenvolvimento de conhecimento especializado docente sobre frações e operações, seu ensino e aprendizagem. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa analítico-descritiva, de caráter teórico-exploratório, em que analisamos um trecho de uma oficina formativa na qual um licenciando foi convidado a refletir sobre a sequenciação didática para ensinar os referidos conteúdos e a partir da sua resposta realizamos uma análise reflexiva a posteriori sobre caminhos formativos possíveis. Nossos resultados mostram tais caminhos, ligados a todas as dimensões MTSK fundadas em resultados científicos, dentre os quais destacamos: (i) recomendações de encadeamento de conceitos sobre frações e operações provenientes de especificações curriculares, pesquisas científicas ou opinião de professores experientes, elaboradas levando em consideração as características de aprendizagem de estudantes, erros comuns e suas fontes prováveis; (ii) conceitos, algoritmos, procedimentos, justificativas e fenômeno ligados a frações e suas operações, bem como, diferentes conexões entre tais conceitos; (iii) explicações instrucionais e estratégias didáticas que permitam ensinar para a compreensão por meio do fazer matemática, ao invés de apenas memorizá-la, incluindo conhecimentos da prática de definir e demonstrar.
What are the Recurring Theories Regarding the Pathogenesis of Major Depressive Disorder?
Authors: Alawie Hassan , Hu Jr-Chee , McLeod Aidan
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Several theories regarding the etiology of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) provoke challenges in defining the exact pathology of the disorder. Among these theories, the most recurring theories were the monoamine hypothesis, cytokine hypothesis, and endocrine factors. Each of these hypotheses are backed with neurobiological studies and provide unique insight on the etiology of MDD. The current state of the literature of MDD is confusing and complex. There are various theories that explain the pathogenesis of MDD, each supported with evidence from pre-clinical and clinical studies. In this review, we aim to explain the most common theories of MDD and identify connections to the pathological mechanisms of this disease.
Methods: A literature search considering inclusion/exclusion criteria was conducted to determine the different theories on the pathology of MDD and their limitations.
Results: Using the inclusion/exclusion criteria, 44 articles were analyzed to form the basis of our review. Three main theories were found to be the most recurring, the monoamine hypothesis, cytokine hypothesis, and endocrine factors.
Discussion: The monoamine hypothesis suggests that MDD is due to a deficiency of monoamines, specifically the hormone 5-HT, or serotonin. In contrast, the cytokine hypothesis proposes that the abnormal regulation of proinflammatory cytokines is linked to MDD through multiple facets. Finally, dysfunction of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis is currently being studied as several papers have reported increased cortisol levels in patients with MDD, suggesting a relation between the two.
Conclusion: This paper investigates the recurring theories regarding the pathogenesis of Major Depressive Disorder. However, further analysis revealed that the theories contain several inconsistencies that weaken their respective arguments. This includes unanticipated latency of drug effects, contradictory reports, and failed replications. Many argue that these hypotheses are not the cause of Major Depressive Disorder, but rather a concomitant occurrence.
Major Depressive Disorder includes diverse symptoms with various external causes, a matter which makes it difficult to accurately define its pathology. Advanced neurobiological research enables easier diagnosis and the development of effective treatments used by clinicians. Consequently, it is imperative to have a thorough understanding of the pathologic process.
Uma pena feminina em combate: a expressão literária e educativa de Carmen Dolores nas crônicas de O Paiz (1905-1910)
Authors: Bandeira de Mello Magaldi Ana Maria
Published: January 2021

No presente artigo, a intenção é de lançar luz sobre a expressão literária e educativa de Carmen Dolores, pseudônimo de Emília Moncorvo Bandeira de Mello (1852-1910), escritora e intelectual de grande prestígio no mundo das letras do Rio de Janeiro e do país, na virada do século XIX para o XX. Reconhecida como autora de obras de gêneros diversos, notabilizou-se por seu talento como cronista, que desenvolveu em diversos veículos da imprensa de então. O foco do estudo, que dialoga com o campo da história cultural, estará dirigido à sua colaboração em O Paiz, considerado um dos principais jornais brasileiros da época, no período de 1905 a 1910, quando, através de suas crônicas, destacou-se pela firmeza de opiniões e combatividade no enfrentamento dos temas abordados. De modo particular, será conferida atenção aos embates em que se envolveu, por meio de seus escritos, em torno de questões de grande relevo para o universo feminino, entre as quais se inscreveram as lutas de escritoras e intelectuais por afirmação em um cenário das letras eminentemente masculino. Também outras problemáticas cruciais vividas por mulheres de seu tempo, em um sentido mais amplo, foram alvo de sua pena, que se mobilizou fortemente em defesa da educação e do trabalho femininos, do divórcio, entre outras pautas, dialogando com o movimento feminista daquele momento, e assumindo importante dimensão educativa.
Hormonas tiroideas séricas de las tortugas gigantes y de las iguanas de las islas galápagos
Authors: Fierro Rodrigo , Chapman Earle , Stanbury John
Published: January 2021

Se determinaron las concentraciones tiroxina y triyodotironina en dos especies de reptiles de la isla Santa Cruz del Archipiélago de las Galápagos. Los valores hallados fueron consistentes y relacionables con una función tiroidea activa en especies con poca o ninguna capacidad de ligadura de la tiroxina.
Sovereigns, Viruses, and the Law
Authors: Pagallo Ugo
Published: January 2021

The paper examines the legal and political impact of the Covid-19 crisis, drawing the attention to fundamental questions on authority and political legitimacy, coercion and obligation, power and cooperation. National states and sovereign governments have had and still will have a crucial role in re-establishing the public health sector and addressing the colossal challenges of economic re-construction. Scholars have accordingly discussed the set of legal means displayed during this crisis: emergency decrees, lockdowns, travel bans, and generally speaking, powers of the state of exception. The aim of this paper is to stress the limits of such perspectives on powers of national governments and sovereigns, in order to illustrate what goes beyond such powers. Focus should be on the ontological, epistemic and normative constraints that affect today’s rights and duties of national states. Such constraints correspond to a class of problems that is complex, often transnational, and increasingly data-driven. In addition, we should not overlook the lessons learnt from such fields, as environmental law and internet governance, anti-terrorism and transnational business law, up to the regulation of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Such fields show that legal co-regulation and mechanisms of coordination and cooperation complement the traditional powers of national governments even in the times of the mother of all pandemics. The Covid-19 crisis has been often interpreted as if this were the last chapter of an on-going history about the Leviathan and its bio-powers. It is not. The crisis regards the end of the first chapter on the history of today’s information societies.
Electronic Australian Elections: Verifiability of Accuracy is a Design Goal, which Must be Mandated by Law and Deliberately Designed into Electronic Electoral Processes
Authors: Teague Vanessa , Keyzer Patrick
Published: January 2021

Electronic voting and counting are increasingly common and have been adopted in a number of Australian jurisdictions. Unfortunately, there is evidence that e-voting systems lack transparency. At present there are reasonable solutions for poll-site e-voting but none for remote paperless Internet voting. Although there are reasonable methods for statistical audits of electronically counted election results, Australian elections do not use them. The authors argue that a purposive approach should be taken to relevant electoral laws to ensure that genuine scrutiny of electronic electoral processes can be undertaken. This would require the source code and the voting data to be made available for testing. The authors recommend a number of legislative reforms to ensure the verifiability of e-voting. These reforms need to be undertaken to ensure that Australian elections are accurate, and consistent with the constitutional requirement of direct choice by electors.
LYNX: Towards a Legal Knowledge Graph for Multilingual Europe
Authors: Doncel Víctor Rodríguez , Ponsoda Elena Montiel
Published: January 2021

Lynx is an innovation project in Europe whose objective is to develop services for legal compliance. A legal knowledge graph is built over multilingual, multijurisdictional documents using semantic web technologies. A collection of services implementing natural language techniques enables better legal information retrieval, cross-lingual answering of questions and information discovery. Three use cases are discussed, as well as the overall impact of the project.