bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fiqh Daruri: Kajian terhadap Aspek Daruri pada Pemberian Vaksin Rubella terhadap Masyarakat Muslim di Aceh
Authors: Ibrahim Edwar , Jamal Anton
Published: October 2023

The development of science and technology has been able to do things that may have been considered impossible in the past. So the orientation of fulfilling the needs of life from things that initially only consider the daruriyyat aspect in the sense of survival shifts to things that lead to improved quality of life in the long run. One of the impacts of the development of science and technology is the discovery of the rubella vaccine. However, the vaccine is declared positive to contain pig enzymes, so it is not surprising that there are pros and cons among Muslims about whether or not the use of the vaccine is halal, given the consequences that seek to avoid the vaccine is not directly felt (more to preventive efforts). While on the other hand the consequences that will be felt by children who are not given vaccines are also no less worrying. Based on this issue, this study is directed to find the criteria daruri (primary/emergency) of each party that is pros and cons of the provision of the vaccine, along with the evidences, and supporting rules used.
Abstrak: Perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi telah mampu melakukan hal-hal yang mungkin dianggap mustahil pada masa lalu. Sehingga orientasi pemenuhan kebutuhan hidup dari hal-hal yang pada awalnya hanya mempertimbangkan aspek daruriyyat dalam pengertian untuk bertahan hidup bergeser kepada hal-hal yang mengarah pada peningkatan kualitas hidup dalam jangka panjang. Salah satu dampak dari perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi adalah penemuan vaksin rubella. Tetapi, vaksin tersebut dinyatakan positif mengandung enzim babi, sehingga tidak mengherankan jika timbul pro dan kontra di tengah-tengah umat Islam tentang halal atau tidaknya penggunaan vaksin tersebut, mengingat akibat yang berusaha untuk dihindari dari vaksin tersebut tidak langsung dirasakan (lebih kepada upaya preventif). Sementara pada sisi lain akibat yang akan dirasakan oleh anak-anak yang tidak diberikan vaksin juga tidak kalah mengkhawatirkan. Berdasarkan persoalan tersebut, penelitian ini diarahkan untuk menemukan kriteria daruri (primer/emergency) dari masing-masing pihak yang pro dan kontra terhadap pemberian vaksin tersebut, beserta dalil-dalil, dan kaidah pendukung yang digunakan.
Jaminan Gadai dalam Akad Rahn di Pegadaian Syariah Sampang
Authors: Mohammad Mohammad , Sari Insana Meliya DCA
Published: October 2023

The study aims to find out the arrangements for pawning collateral in the rahn contract at the Sampang Sharia Pawnshop Unit Robatal and the mechanism for handling auctions in rahn guarantees at the Sampang Sharia Pawnshop Unit Robatal. It is empirical research, so obtaining the data is done by observation and interviews. The results of this study are twofold. First, Islam allows debt agreements, which are the essence of a pawn agreement. This pawn agreement in Islamic law is a "jaiz deed" (something that is permissible), both according to the provisions of the Qur'an, Sunnah and consensus of 'Ulama. Second, the procedure for auctioning pawn collateral items at the Sampang Robatal Unit Sharia Pawnshop is in accordance with Islamic law because, in practice, it is in accordance with the demands of the Qur'an and hadith. This is by paying attention to its implementation, such as how to display goods, influence prospective buyers, do the bargaining, consent, deliverance, and hand over the goods.
Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) untuk mengetahui pengaturan jaminan gadai dalam akad rahn di Pegadaian Syariah Sampang Unit Robatal, dan (2) untuk mengetahui mekanisme penanganan lelang dalam jaminan rahn di Pegadaian Syariah Sampang Unit Robatal. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian empiris, sehingga untuk memperoleh datanya dilakukan dengan observasi dan wawancara. Hasil dari penelitian ini ada dua. Pertama, bahwa Islam memperbolehkan perjanjian utang piutang, yang pada dasarnya merupakan inti daripada perjanjian gadai, yang artinya bahwa perjanjian gadai ini dalam syari’at Islam merupakan “perbuatan jaiz” (sesuatu yang diperbolehkan), baik menurut ketentuan Alqur’an, Sunnah maupun ijma’ Ulama. Kedua, bahwa prosedur  pelelangan barang jaminan gadai di Pegadaian Syariah Unit Robatal Sampang sudah sesuai dengan syariat Islam, dikarenakan dalam praktiknya sudah sesuai dengan tuntutan al-Quran dan hadits, hal ini dengan memperhatikan pelaksanaannya seperti cara memperlihatkan barang, cara mempengaruhi calon pembeli, cara melakukan tawar menawar, cara melakukan ijab dan qabul serta melakukan penyerahan barang.
Pemenuhan Hak Anak dalam Hukum Nasional Indonesia
Authors: Mubarok Nafi
Published: October 2023

Children are a mandate and a gift. It embraces the aspirations of the nation's struggle and has a strategic role in ensuring the continued existence of the nation and state in the future. There is a need for legal protection so that children can assume this responsibility, and these actions require institutional support and legal instruments to ensure their implementation. This paper aims to describe children's rights and what the state has made juridical efforts in fulfilling these children's rights. At the end of the article, it is concluded that Indonesia, as a UN member state, has paid more attention to fulfilling children's rights. This is evidenced by the ratification of the Convention on the Rights of the Child by Presidential Decree No. 36 of 1990. Then, with the existence of Law no. 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights, Law no. 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System, and Law no. 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection.
 
Abstrak: Anak merupakan amanah dan karunia, yang sekaligus penerus cita-cita perjuangan bangsa dan memiliki peran strategis guna menjamin kelangsungan eksistensi bangsa dan negara di masa depan. Di sinilah maka perlu ada perlindungan hukum agar anak dapat memikul tanggung jawab tersebut maka upaya untuk dapat tumbuh dan berkembang secara optimal, bentuknya dengan memberikan dukungan kelembagaan dan instrument hukum guna menjamin pelaksanaannya. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah mendeskripsikan hak-hak anak dan upaya-upaya yuridis apa saja yang telah dilakukan oleh negara dalam pemenuhan hak-hak anak tersebut. Di akhir tulisan disimpulkan bahwa Indonesia sebagai negara anggota PBB telah memberikan perhatian lebih dalam pemenuhan hak anak. Ini dibuktikan dengan telah diratifikasinya Konvensi Hak Anak dengan Keputusan Presiden No. 36 Tahun 1990. Kemudian, dengan adanya Undang-undang No. 39 Tahun 1999 tentang Hak Asasi Manusia, Undang-undang No. 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak, dan Undang-undang No. 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak.
Standart Contract dalam Kontrak Kerjasama Profit and Loss Sharing
Authors: Choiroh Ifa Mutitul
Published: October 2023

A contract standard is an agreement prepared and determined in advance unilaterally by the agreement maker, which is binding and must be obeyed by other parties. The standard contract for profit and loss-sharing cooperation has two forms: the legal contract for Musharakah and the formal agreement for Mudarabah. Formal arrangements for for-profit and loss-sharing partnerships, with mudarabah and musharakah schemes, have differences in the legal structure between Islamic law of contract and banks. Mudarabah and musharakah in Islamic law of contract have a clear pattern in terms of legal subjects, whereas in Islamic Banks, even though the scheme is a business partnership but has standards in which the position of Islamic Banks remains as a financier that determine the certainty of payment in a definite amount so that it is similar to a scheme credit accompanied by collateral. This identifies that the standard contract determines the confidence of income (fixed return), which in Islamic contract law can cancel the contract because the capital/funds of business participation are not debts.
 
Abstrak: Standart contract merupakan perjanjian yang telah dipersiapkan  dan ditetapkan terlebih dahulu secara sepihak oleh pembuat perjanjian yang mengikat dan wajib dipatuhi oleh pihak lainnya. Standart contract kerjasama profit and loss sharing memiliki dua bentuk, yaitu: Standart contract Musharakah dan standart contract Mudarabah. Standart contract kerjasama profit and loss sharing baik dengan skema mudarabah maupun musharakah memiliki perbedaan pada struktur bangunan hukumnya antara hukum perjanjian Islam dan Bank Syariah. Mudarabah dan musharkah pada hukum perjanjian Islam memiliki pola yang jelas pada aspek subyek hukumnya, sedangkan di Bank Syariah, meskipun skemanya adalah bermitra usaha tetapi memiliki standar di mana kedudukan Bank Syariah tetap sebagai pemberi pembiayaan yang menetapkan kepastian pembayaran dalam jumlah yang pasti sehingga mirip seperti skema kredit dengan disertai agunan. Hal ini mengidentifikasikan bahwa dalam standart contract menentukan kepastian pendapatan (fix return) yang dalam hukum Perjanjian Islam hal tersebut dapat membatalkan akad karena modal/dana penyertaan usaha bukanlah hutang-piutang.
Peran Tuan Guru dalam Penyadaran Hukum Pembayaran Nafkah ‘Iddah Perceraian di Luar Pengadilan
Authors: Qamar Abdul Hafiz , Nasir Moh. Abdun , Supriadi L.
Published: October 2023

This research is motivated by the author's anxiety about phenomena that occur in society, namely related to fulfilling the obligation to provide an 'iddah post-divorce carried out outside the Religious Courts, primarily through the Tuan Guru's decision in Labuapi District. This research aims to analyze the distribution of 'iddah maintenance outside the court in the Labuapi District. It also tries to analyze the factors that influence the level of legal awareness of giving 'iddah maintenance to the community. Furthermore, this article tries to analyze the form and role of Tuan Guru in socializing the fulfilment of 'iddah maintenance obligations. The authors' results indicate that the distribution of 'iddah income in Labuapi District needs to be carried out correctly. This is based on the lack of public knowledge, prevailing traditions, and conflict between husband and wife, which is the cause of divorce. In addition, in this study, the authors found two active roles of Tuan Guru in the community: to provide understanding to the community and as a mediator and family law consultant.
AUTHENTIC MATERIALS IN EFL CLASSES: FROM PAST TO PRESENT
Authors: Patricia Karina Eka , Asmiyah Siti
Published: October 2023

This study attempts to explore the types of authentic materials used in EFL classes from past to present. The researcher collected 120 previous studies from 2012 to 2021 to analyze the types of authentic materials used in EFL classes from time to time. The finding of this study shows if the types of authentic materials used in 2012 to 2015 are public announcements, radio news, movies, magazines, newspaper, and songs. While for 2016 to 2021, there are new types of authentic materials used, namely podcasts and YouTube videos. The most popular authentic materials are songs and movies. Previous studies that have been collected from year to year have concluded that of the many types of authentic materials, there are some authentic materials that are more popular than others. This is due to several factors, namely the changing times which have made changing a trend in the world of education, the easier access to certain materials, and students’ interest for certain materials.
WebQuest as a Media in Teaching Vocabulary for Young Learners
Authors: Kuncahyo Nanda Lintang Utari , Masykuriyah Hikmatul , Jannah Ida Miftakhul
Published: October 2023

One example of a web-based learning media format that enables teachers to assign a task to students so that they can explore and analyze information is WebQuest. By gathering and analyzing data from the internet, WebQuest can assist students in providing fresh perspectives on issues. Higher-order thinking abilities like problem-solving and critical analysis might result from a new understanding of something. Additionally, young learners can learn vocabulary with WebQuest. Moreover, WebQuest is also a means to teach vocabulary material to young learners. The researcher tries to find out effective media to teach English to young learners.

After conducting research on the WebQuest media for young learners using qualitative research design, the research appears with significant results. The data was collected in SDN 1 Gedongan Mojokerto by involving the English teachers as subjects of this research. The English teacher comes from the Lecturer of Islamic State University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya and the elementary school teacher to find out whether this media is effective or conversely ineffective. As the researchers have established the research that used the R&D method or which is well known as Research and Development method, the result is beyond the expectation of using WebQuest for English teaching media. For instance, the teacher confirms that this kind of digital media is eligible in becoming a medium for young learners. This statement is based on what WebQuest media is for. In the material design, this WebQuest is very flexible in maintaining the contents shown, like it will be able to be embedded in the other kinds of online platforms of media to fulfill the content materials needed. The teacher has also given the statement of admiration whereas the media of WebQuest is presumed as a creative breakthrough in this digital era principally for young learners.

WebQuest is one of the web-based electronic media that can be implemented in teaching vocabulary to young learners. By researching and analyzing the information, WebQuest aims to assist students in developing their critical thinking and problem-solving skills. All in all, the implementation of WebQuest can be said to be effective to be used for teaching and learning processes for 3rd-grade elementary school.
From Islamism to Democracy: The Case of Rached Ghannouchi and Ennahda of Tunisia
Authors: Fuad Ahmad Nur , Redjosari Slamet Muliono , Rofhani Rofhani
Published: October 2023

This article examines the shift of Rached Ghannouchi and Ennahda party from Islamism to democracy. This article analyzes Ghannouchi’s early Islamist ideology and confrontational approach to politics, as well as his exposure to democratic systems, which led to a reevaluation of his views on democracy, following the failure of Ennahda’s early attempts at revolutionary Islamism in the 1980s and 1990s, which prompted Ghannouchi to reconsider his approach to politics and Islamism. This led to a shift towards a more moderate and inclusive approach to politics, culminating in Ennahda’s participation in Tunisia’s democratic transition after the 2011 revolution. This article highlights the theoretical implications of his shift from Islamism to democracy for the study of political Islam and democratization. This article argues that Islamist actors and movements can evolve and adapt to changing political circumstances, as well as undergo gradual moderation in promoting democratic reform.
The Gayo People Philosophy: Genap-Mupakat and Social Harmonization in Central Aceh
Authors: Syukri Syukri
Published: October 2023

Gayo people construct collective deliberation called Genap-Mupakat, a dynamic social harmony entity as proof of local wisdom in Central Aceh. However, many people consider Genap-Mupakat a boring and time-consuming activity. Therefore, this study aimed to examine Genap-Mupakat’s importance and significant influence on oneself and others. Data were collected qualitatively through in-depth interviews. The findings showed that Gayo people’s philosophy of Genap-Mupakat fosters togetherness and justice. The system had Islamic philosophical values and was laden with knowledge, norms, rules, and laws as a reference in collective deliberation and behavior to realize social harmony. The people must adhere to these principles to avoid conflicts and hostilities. The system stated that Gayo people have the characteristics of a republic, free, and democratic society. Therefore, the philosophy promoted orderliness in collective deliberation. The Gayo adage “tertib bermajelis, umet bermulie” means that orderliness in a meeting is a prerequisite for nobility.
Women and Political Leadership in Islam: Ma'nā-cum-Maghzā Critical Hermeneutic Study
Authors: Faiz Muhammad Fauzinuddin , Huda Nurul , Rohmad Akhmad Khubby Ali , Solikhudin Muhammad , Sovia Sheyla Nichlatus
Published: October 2023

This paper describes and analyzes the textual-contextual h}adīth on the prohibition of women’s leadership in the public sphere. This study is a critical hermeneutic with the theory of ma‘nā-cum-maghzā, by making the literal origin (historical meaning, explicit) the starting point for understanding the central message of the text (implied meaning). The results of this paper indicate that women may become leaders in public affairs because textually and linguistically, the word lan yufliḥ, which means ‘will not be successful,’ in the h}adīth does not apply permanently (mu’abbad), but only temporally (mu’aqqat). Contextually, the h}adīth prohibited women from becoming leaders because the condition of women at the time of the h}adīth did not allow them to handle social affairs due to the lack of knowledge and experience and the existence of deceit and greed, which could happen to anyone who had ambitions of power, men as well as women. Meanwhile, nowadays, many women have the expertise, knowledge, and managerial-organizational experience to support these matters.
DEMOKRATISASI SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19: STUDI KASUS RASISME DI AMERIKA SERIKAT
Authors: Zulfah Indy Nurul Auliya Putri
Published: October 2023

Amerika Serikat telah mengalami kemunduran demokrasi dalam satu dekade terakhir. Hal ini terus terjadi hingga pandemi Covid-19 melanda Amerika Serikat pada kuartal pertama tahun 2020. Salah satu dampak dari kemunduran demokrasi adalah meningkatnya polarisasi masyarakat sehingga kasus rasisme selama pandemi Covid-19 juga semakin tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pentingnya demokratisasi selama pandemi Covid-19 dengan studi kasus rasisme di Amerika Serikat. Melalu konsep demokrasi dan demokratisasi, dengan metode pendekatan kualitatif, penulis bermaksud menganalisis urgensi demokratisasi dalam negeri Amerika Serikat dalam mengatasi peningkatan kasus rasisme selama pandemi Covid-19 berlangsung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peran demokrasi dalam mengatasi kasus rasisme di Amerika Serikat membawa pengaruh besar, baik selama kondisi pandemi covid-19 maupun pasca pandemi. Agenda demokratisasi yang diambil oleh pemerintah Amerika Serikat selama pandemi harus dititikberatkan pada kondisi domestik sebelum melakukan promosi demokrasi sebagai salah satu prioritas kebijakan luar negeri Amerika Serikat. Penanaman nilai penghormatan terhadap ras sebagai kekayaan budaya dan aspek penting dalam proses demokratisasi, konsensus, dan kerja keras dari seluruh elemen domestik Amerika Serikat harus dilakukan demi terwujud sistem pemerintahan yang lebih baik.
Analisis Potensi Sebaran Paham Radikalisme dalam Proses Perkuliahan Daring di UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya
Authors: Murthi Narindra Krisna
Published: October 2023

Terhitung selama dua tahun lebih UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya menyelenggarakan perkuliahan dengan metode daring, sebagai dampak dari adanya pandemi Covid. Pandemi Covid terbukti tidak hanya berdampak kepada sektor kesehatan dan ekonomi, melainkan juga pendidikan. Di sisi lain, sektor keamanan nasional juga turut terancam, dengan adanya peluang bagi kelompok teroris untuk memanfaatkan situasi kekacauan. Penelitian ini berfokus kepada adanya potensi ancaman sebaran paham radikalisme, yang menyasar kalangan mahasiswa khususnya mahasiswa UINSA selama proses perkuliahan daring. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya peluang pergeseran metode yang digunakan oleh kelompok teroris untuk mempengaruhi kalangan mahasiswa, yakni dengan maraknya Cyberterrorism selama Pandemi. Penelitian ini menjelaskan fenomena tersebut dengan metode penelitian kualitatif dan memaparkan hasil kuisioner yang diisi oleh mahasiswa UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya, sebagai landasan adanya potensi sebaran paham radikalisme melalui internet serta sosial media, yang saat ini menjadi platform utama pembelajaran.
Peran Amerika Serikat dan Inggris terhadap Stabilitas Politik dan Keamanan Yordania dalam Perspektif Neorealisme
Authors: Azzura Ghea , Lativa Sovia , Jumhur Muhamad Syahril
Published: October 2023

Amerika Serikat (AS) dan Inggris merupakan mitra penting Yordania sejak masa awal negara tersebut berdiri sampai era sekarang. Pembentukan negara Yordania tidak terlepas dari campur tangan Inggris yang pada saat itu menjadi pemenang Perang Dunia I. Di era pasca Perang Dunia II sampai masa Arab Spring 2011, Timur Tengah menjadi kawasan yang selalu bergejolak dan tidak stabil. Namun, Yordania dan Monarki Hashemite-nya menjadi salah satu negara Arab yang selamat dari gejolak tersebut dan tetap bertahan hingga masa sekarang, 2022. Fokus penelitian artikel ini adalah memahami bagaimana peran dua kekuatan Barat tersebut dapat memberikan stabilitas politik dan keamanan bagi Yordania. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui telaah kepustakaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan kerangka analisis berupa Teori Neorealisme dan konsep bandwagoning yang merupakan turunannya.. Hasil penelitian dari artikel ini adalah Yordania menerapkan metode bandwagoning dengan menjalin hubungan politik dan keamanan yang sangat erat dengan dua AS dan Inggris. Hubungan tersebut sampai membuat AS memberikan Yordania status Major non-NATO Ally (MNNA). Yordania juga memilih bandwagoning terhadap Israel yang merupakan sekutu utama AS dan sebelumnya menjadi sumber ancaman bangsa Arab. Hal tersebut berpengaruh pada bertahannya stabilitas politik dan keamanan Yordania dari ancaman internal maupun eksternal sampai era sekarang.
Nursing, history, and orthopedics in manuals (1875-1928)
Authors: Santos Bruna Moura Oliveira dos , Labriola Claudia , Moreira Sarah Goes Barreto da Silva , Souza Hugo Alberto Neves de , Porto Fernando
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT Objectives: to discuss the content of manuals, with emphasis on orthopedics, in support of the development of nursing care culture. Methods: cultural-historical method articulated with document analysis technique. The sources were nursing manuals - Portuguese, French, English, and Spanish - from 1875 to 1928. Results: this study pointed to 12 works - 6 authored by physicians, 2 by nurses, 3 institutional, and 1 by a Sister of Charity - that presented, in a transversal way, the professionalization process initiated in Europe. The manuals addressed first aid care and immobilization methods, from the simplest, such as improvised splints, to the application of plaster casts. Conclusions: the nurses’ work, even in a limited capacity, showed that they were able to observe warning signs so that doctors could act, with some exceptions.
Ethical problems in nursing teleconsultations for people living with HIV during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Celuppi Ianka Cristina , Meirelles Betina Hörner Schlindwein , Mendes Mariana , Schneider Dulcinéia Ghizoni , Pires Denise Elvira Pires de
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT Objectives: to understand the ethical problems experienced by primary health care nurses in using nursing teleconsultations for people living with the human immunodeficiency virus during the coronavirus pandemic. Methods: qualitative research, anchored in Constructivist Grounded Theory. Data was collected between July and September 2020, with 17 participants. Results: the first category highlights the ethical problems in conducting teleconsultations, managing high demand, communication barriers, and risks related to data security. The second emphasizes the potential of teleconsultations in communication and access, by generating changes in the work process and the use of protocols to guide clinical practice. Conclusions: nurses’ work in digital mode requires professional qualification, with a view to stimulating reflection on teleconsultation practice, ethical-moral deliberation and combating stigma, and also adopting data security-centered conduct.
Learning strategies of undergraduate nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Lima Ana Carolina Bezerra de , Santos Danielle Christine Moura dos
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the learning strategies used by nursing students from a public university, in remote teaching, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: a cross-sectional study developed with nursing students who attended remote teaching classes. The sample was obtained by convenience and data were collected online, with 112 participants. Student and Mann-Whitney tests were performed for data analysis. Results: the most frequently used learning strategies were self-regulatory and cognitive. There was moderate use of interpersonal help-seeking and emotional control strategies. Male students, with a private study environment and good internet connection, used emotional control strategies more frequently. Conclusions: self-regulatory and cognitive learning strategies, appropriate for higher education, were frequently used by nursing students, which is an important tool for adapting these students to the university context.
Teorias de enfermagem no cuidado ao paciente vítima de acidente vascular cerebral: revisão de escopo
Authors: Lima Josefa Nayara de , Lima Layane Ribeiro , Cavalcante Edilma Gomes Rocha , Quirino Glauberto da Silva , Pinheiro Woneska Rodrigues
Published: October 2023

RESUMO Objetivos: mapear e sintetizar teorias de enfermagem e estruturas conceituais que foram aplicadas na prática do cuidado de enfermagem ao paciente vítima de Acidente Vascular Cerebral na atenção hospitalar. Métodos: revisão de escopo realizada em outubro de 2022 nas bases de dados MEDLINE (acesso via PubMed), CINAHL, Scielo e Web of Science, conforme o The Joanna Briggs Institute. Resultados: os nove estudos apresentavam seis teorias de enfermagem e três estruturas conceituais que foram utilizadas para apoiar a assistência ao paciente com Acidente Vascular Cerebral. Essas teorias e estruturas conceituais tinham como objetivo facilitar a identificação das necessidades psicobiológicas, psicossociais e psicoespirituais do paciente, esclarecer o papel e ampliar a visão do enfermeiro sobre a reabilitação, e reconhecer o processo de transição do sobrevivente. Considerações Finais: este mapeamento permitiu identificar grandes teorias, teorias de médio alcance e estruturas conceituais de enfermagem aplicadas ao cuidado ao paciente com Acidente Vascular Cerebral.
ECOLOGIA DAS PROFISSÕES JURÍDICAS, DIVERSIFICAÇÃO DA COMPOSIÇÃO DAS CARREIRAS E OS EMBATES EM TORNO DA EROSÃO DEMOCRÁTICA NO BRASIL
Authors: Bonelli Maria da Gloria
Published: October 2023

O trabalho dialoga com a bibliografia nacional e internacional que busca analisar a atuação de profissionais do Direito no processo de erosão democrática, relacionando esses ataques a mudanças estruturais nas profissões jurídicas. Indo em outra direção, esta análise apoia-se em Liu (2022), e argumenta que um olhar mais detido na ecologia da profissão no Brasil, permite compreender melhor as formas específicas como a tensão entre procedimentos e poder se manifesta na advocacia. Liu considera a relação dos advogados com as regras e o poder pensando a obediência como um relacionamento curvilíneo entre a proximidade com o poder de estado e a probabilidade de seguir procedimentos estritos. Os(as) advogados(as) mais próximos e os(as) mais distantes do poder de estado tendem a obedecer menos as regras que aqueles(as) profissionais que mantêm uma distância social moderada em relação ao Estado. O paper procura compreender a experiência da advocacia brasileira na perspectiva acima.
COMPREENDENDO A INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL GENERATIVA NA PERSPECTIVA DA LÍNGUA
Authors: Duque-Pereira Ives da Silva , Moura Sergio Arruda de
Published: October 2023

Este artigo explora a geração de texto através da Inteligência Artificial Generativa (IA Gen), com foco nas interações entre a IA e a Língua. A pesquisa visa elucidar os mecanismos subjacentes de ferramentas de geração texto-para-texto, como o ChatGPT, contextualizando-o dentro do amplo campo da IA, uma área interdisciplinar que têm como um de seus pilares a Linguística. A jornada investigativa abrange desde os fundamentos teóricos da IA, passando por campos como Processamento da Língua Natural, Aprendizado de Máquina, Aprendizado Profundo e a revolucionária Arquitetura de Transformers. O estudo presta atenção na Semântica Distribucional como possibilitadora do surgimento dos Grandes Modelos de Linguagem. Ao destacar a confluência da tecnologia com a língua natural, o trabalho aponta as capacidades, limitações e desafios desses modelos, especialmente na geração de conteúdo textual a partir de comandos de entrada, conhecidos como "prompts". Neste contexto, nosso principal objetivo é compreender os fundamentos e funcionamento da IA Generativa e as interseções com a Língua, que possibilita a utilização de ferramentas voltadas à geração texto-para-texto, como o ChatGPT.
BOLSA FAMÍLIA. AUTONOMIA E DINHEIRO: UMA PERSPECTIVA DAS MULHERES TICUNA DO AMAZONAS
Authors: Moreira Erica Fabricia Melo
Published: October 2023

Apresento alguns resultados da minha dissertação de mestrado intitulado “Programa bolsa família: uma etnografia a partir da perspectiva das mulheres indígenas Ticuna” meu estudo etnográfico foi realizado na comunidade de Nova Itália no território indígena Vui-Uata-In, localizado no município de Amaturá-AM. A etnografia apresenta a perspectiva das mulheres Ticuna que recebem o Bolsa Familia, e se destacam principalmente a administração do dinheiro. Sabemos que historicamente as mulheres têm salários inferiores aos homens consequentemente são elas as mais afetadas no que se refere ao endividamento, muitas das vezes torna-se mais difícil pagar essas dívidas porque elas são responsáveis pelos cuidados dos filhos e filhas em alguns casos são responsáveis pelos idosos o que torna as despesas domesticas mais altas, especialmente nas comunidades onde as famílias moram na mesma casa. Enfim, proponho apresentar uma reflexão sobre o Bolsa Família a partir da visão dessas mulheres e como o benefício contribui no orçamento das famílias e como se da a circulação desde dinheiro dentro e fora da aldeia.
Risk Management: Anticipating and Reacting in StarCraft
Authors: Amos-Binks Adam , Weber Bryan S.
Published: October 2023

Managing risk with imperfect information is something humans do every day, but we have little insight into the abilities of AI agents to do so.
We define two risk management strategies and perform an ability-based evaluation using StarCraft agents.
Our evaluation shows that nearly all agents mitigate risks after observing them (react), and many prepare for such risks before their appearance (anticipate).
For this evaluation, we apply traditional causal effect inference and causal random forest methods to explain agent behavior.
The results highlight different risk management strategies among agents, others strategies that are common to agents, and overall encourage evaluating agent risk management abilities in other AI domains.
Player Identification and Next-Move Prediction for Collectible Card Games with Imperfect Information
Authors: Fields Logan , Licato John
Published: October 2023

Effectively identifying an individual and predicting their future actions is a material aspect of player analytics, with applications for player engagement and game security. Collectible card games are a fruitful test space for studying player identification, given that their large action spaces allow for flexibility in play styles, thereby facilitating behavioral analysis at the individual, rather than the aggregate, level. Further, once players are identified, modeling the differences between individuals may allow us to preemptively detect patterns that foretell future actions. As such, we use the virtual collectible card game "Legends of Code and Magic" to research both of these topics. Our main contributions to the task are the creation of a comprehensive dataset of Legends of Code and Magic game states and actions, extensive testing of the minimum information and computational methods necessary to identify an individual from their actions, and examination of the transferability of knowledge collected from a group to unknown individuals.
Physics-Based Task Generation through Causal Sequence of Physical Interactions
Authors: Gamage Chathura , Pinto Vimukthini , Stephenson Matthew , Renz Jochen
Published: October 2023

Performing tasks in a physical environment is a crucial yet challenging problem for AI systems operating in the real world. Physics simulation-based tasks are often employed to facilitate research that addresses this challenge. In this paper, first, we present a systematic approach for defining a physical scenario using a causal sequence of physical interactions between objects. Then, we propose a methodology for generating tasks in a physics-simulating environment using these defined scenarios as inputs. Our approach enables a better understanding of the granular mechanics required for solving physics-based tasks, thereby facilitating accurate evaluation of AI systems' physical reasoning capabilities. We demonstrate our proposed task generation methodology using the physics-based puzzle game Angry Birds and evaluate the generated tasks using a range of metrics, including physical stability, solvability using intended physical interactions, and accidental solvability using unintended solutions. We believe that the tasks generated using our proposed methodology can facilitate a nuanced evaluation of physical reasoning agents, thus paving the way for the development of agents for more sophisticated real-world applications.
Automatically Defining Game Action Spaces for Exploration Using Program Analysis
Authors: Volokh Sasha , Halfond William G.J.
Published: October 2023

The capability to automatically explore different possible game states and functionality is valuable for the automated test and analysis of computer games. However, automatic exploration requires an exploration agent to be capable of determining and performing the possible actions in game states, for which a model is typically unavailable in games built with traditional game engines. Therefore, existing work on automatic exploration typically either manually defines a game's action space or imprecisely guesses the possible actions. In this paper we propose a program analysis technique compatible with traditional game engines, which automatically analyzes the user input handling logic present in a game to determine a discrete action space corresponding to the possible user inputs, along with the conditions under which the actions are valid, and the relevant user inputs to simulate on the game to perform a chosen action. We implemented a prototype of our approach capable of producing the action spaces of Gym environments for Unity games, then evaluated the exploration performance enabled by our technique for random exploration and exploration via curiosity-driven reinforcement learning agents. Our results show that for most games, our analysis enables exploration performance that matches or exceeds that of manually engineered action spaces, and the analysis is fast enough for real time game play.
Causal Necessity as a Narrative Planning Step Cost Function
Authors: Ware Stephen G. , Senanayake Lasantha , Farrell Rachelyn
Published: October 2023

Narrative planning generates a sequence of actions which must achieve the author's goal for the story and must be composed only of actions that make sense for the characters who take them. A causally necessary action is one that would make the plan impossible to execute if it were left out. We hypothesize that action sequences which are solutions to narrative planning problems are more likely to feature causally necessary actions than those which are not solutions. In this paper, we show that prioritizing sequences with more causally necessary actions can lead to solutions faster in ten benchmark story planning problems.
Investigating the Influence of Behaviors and Dialogs on Player Enjoyment in Stealth Games
Authors: Al Enezi Wael , Verbrugge Clark
Published: October 2023

The player's perception of AI behavior significantly influences their overall game experience. This perception is shaped by both interactive encounters and careful observations, particularly in genres like stealth, where gameplay revolves around planning strategies based on AI enemy movement.

This paper aims to derive general insights into the player experience concerning two crucial gameplay elements that impact the perception of NPC intelligence. The first element pertains to the actual behavior of opponent NPCs, while the second focuses on the dialogues employed to highlight NPC decision-making. We conducted a user study to assess whether players can discern between complex and simple NPC behavior during gameplay in a specific scenario of a top-down stealth game prototype. We introduced variations in spoken dialogs to determine their effect on player perception. In the end, our findings revealed that when simple dialogs were used, players derived greater enjoyment from a more complex AI behavior. However, using contextual dialog allowed a simple behavior to match a complex behavior in player enjoyment.
Expressive Response Curves: Testing Expressive Game Feel with A*
Authors: Junius Nic , Carstensdottir Elin
Published: October 2023

Designing AI models for expressive character behavior is a considerable challenge. Such models represent a massive possibility space of individual behaviors and sequences of different character expressions. Iterating on designs of such models is complex because the possibility spaces they afford are challenging to understand in their entirety and map intuitively onto a meaningful experience for a user. Automated playtesting has primarily been focused on the physical spaces of game levels and the ability of AI players to enact personas and complete tasks within those levels. However, core principles of automated playtesting can be applied to expressive models to expose information about their expressive possibility space. We propose a new approach to automated playtesting for AI character behaviors: Expressive Response Curves (ERC). ERC allows us to map specific actions taken by a player to perform a particular expression to understand the affordances of an expressive possibility space. We present a case study applying ERC to Puppitor rulesets. We show that using this method we can compile paths through Puppitor rulesets to map them and further understand the nature of the expressive spaces afforded by the system. We argue that by using ERC, it is possible to give designers more nuanced information and guidance to create better and more expressive AI characters.
Story Shaping: Teaching Agents Human-Like Behavior with Stories
Authors: Peng Xiangyu , Cui Christopher , Zhou Wei , Jia Renee , Riedl Mark
Published: October 2023

Reward design for reinforcement learning agents can be difficult in situations where one not only wants the agent to achieve some effect in the world but where one also cares about how that effect is achieved.
For example, we might wish for an agent to adhere to a tacit understanding of commonsense, align itself to a preference for how to behave for purposes of safety, or taking on a particular role in an interactive game.
Storytelling is a mode for communicating tacit procedural knowledge.
We introduce a technique, Story Shaping, in which a reinforcement learning agent infers tacit knowledge from an exemplar story of how to accomplish a task and intrinsically rewards itself for performing actions that make its current environment adhere to that of the inferred story world.
Specifically, Story Shaping infers a knowledge graph representation of the world state from observations, and also infers a knowledge graph from the exemplar story.
An intrinsic reward is generated based on the similarity between the agent's inferred world state graph and the inferred story world graph.
We conducted experiments in text-based games requiring commonsense reasoning and shaping the behaviors of agents as virtual game characters.
Synthesizing Priority Planning Formulae for Multi-Agent Pathfinding
Authors: Wang Shuwei , Bulitko Vadim , Huang Taoan , Koenig Sven , Stern Roni
Published: October 2023

Prioritized planning is a popular approach to multi-agent pathfinding. It prioritizes the agents and then repeatedly invokes a single-agent pathfinding algorithm for each agent such that it avoids the paths of higher-priority agents. Performance of prioritized planning depends critically on cleverly ordering the agents. Such an ordering is provided by a priority function. Recent work successfully used machine learning to automatically produce such a priority function given good orderings as the training data. In this paper we explore a different technique for synthesizing priority functions, namely program synthesis in the space of arithmetic formulae. We synthesize priority functions expressed as arithmetic formulae over a set of meaningful problem features via a genetic search in the space induced by a context-free grammar. Furthermore we regularize the fitness function by formula length to synthesize short, human-readable formulae. Such readability is an advantage over previous numeric machine-learning methods and may help explain the importance of features and how to combine them into a good priority function for a given domain. Moreover, our experimental results show that our formula-based priority functions outperform existing machine-learning methods on the standard benchmarks in terms of success rate, run time and solution quality without using more training data.
Cautious Curiosity: A Novel Approach to a Human-Like Gameplay Agent
Authors: Zhou Chujin , Machado Tiago , Harteveld Casper
Published: October 2023

We introduce a new reward function direction for intrinsically motivated reinforcement learning to mimic human behavior in the context of computer games. Similar to previous research, we focus on so-called ``curiosity agents'', which are agents whose intrinsic reward is based on the concept of curiosity. We designed our novel intrinsic reward, which we call ``Cautious Curiosity'' (CC) based on (1) a theory that proposes curiosity as a psychological definition called information gap, and (2) a recent study showing that the relationship between curiosity and information gap is an inverted U-curve. In this work, we compared our agent using the classic game Super Mario Bros. with (1) a random agent, (2) an agent based on the Asynchronous Advantage Actor Critic algorithm (A3C), (3) an agent based on the Intrinsic Curiosity Module (ICM), and (4) an average human player. We also asked participants (n = 100) to watch videos of these agents and rate how human-like they are. The main contribution of this work is that we present a reward function that, as perceived by humans, induces an agent to play a computer game similarly to a human, while maintaining its competitiveness and being more believable compared to other agents.
Generally Genius: A Generals.io Agent Development and Data Collection Framework
Authors: Bhatia Aaditya , Davis Austin , Ghosh Soumik , Sukthankar Gita
Published: October 2023

We present an agent development and data collection framework for Generals.io (GIO)--a real-time strategy game with imperfect information in which players attempt to gain control of opponents' starting positions within a 2D grid world. The framework provides event-based communication amongst several modules implemented as microservices, enabling real-time data collection from GIO's streaming data. Its modular design facilitates rapid bot development and testing, while the emphasis on data collection makes it easy to analyze agent performance. We use this framework in a case study of a top-performing GIO agent called Flobot. Our analysis demonstrates that Flobot's performance varies based on its starting position. Based on the analysis performed with our framework, we propose a modification to Flobot's pathfinding algorithm. Statistical tests show that the new algorithm results in a significant reduction in performance variance.
Praxish: A Rational Reconstruction of a Logic-Based DSL for Modeling Social Practices
Authors: Dameris James , Hernandez Roman Rosaura , Kreminski Max
Published: October 2023

The Versu framework is historically notable for its full-featuredness as a suite of tools for creating highly responsive interactive dramas. However, it has also been lost for nearly a decade, and a similarly approachable and flexible simulationist interactive narrative authoring framework has not yet emerged to take its place. We therefore aim to introduce an open-source rational reconstruction of the Versu framework, drawing on publicly available documentation of Versu's design and implementation to assemble a successor system with similar architecture and capabilities. Here, we present the first component of this system: Praxish, a reconstruction of the low-level exclusion logic language atop which the rest of Versu's functionality is based.
Understanding Human-AI Teaming Dynamics through Gaming Environments
Authors: Zhang Qiao
Published: October 2023

With the goal of better understanding Human-machine Teaming (HMT) dynamics and how team competencies that are transportable across contexts can lead to different teaming behaviors and team performances, I propose a series of three studies to explore communication, coordination and adaptation in HMT paradigms. I implement and integrate multiple AI agents and use collaborative games as testing environments to evaluate teaming effects. My work can provide findings to two higher level research questions that are widely studied in HMT: 1) the bidirectional behaviors that human and AI agents may develop when working as a team and, 2) how different types of AI agents can impact the teaming efficiency in human-AI teaming. Besides, my work can also contribute to Human-Computer Interaction and Game AI scholarship with insights into teaming dynamics in Human-AI teaming.
LOCALLY ADAPTIVE AND DIFFERENTIABLE REGRESSION
Authors: Han Mingxuan , Shankar Varun , Phillips Jeff M. , Ye Chenglong
Published: October 2023

Overparameterized models like deep nets and random forests have become very popular in machine learning. However, the natural goals of continuity and differentiability, common in regression models, are now often ignored in modern overparametrized, locally adaptive models. We propose a general framework to construct a global continuous and differentiable model based on a weighted average of locally learned models in corresponding local regions. This model is competitive in dealing with data with different densities or scales of function values in different local regions. We demonstrate that when we mix kernel ridge and polynomial regression terms in the local models, and stitch them
together continuously, we achieve faster statistical convergence in theory and improved performance in various practical settings.