Fundamentals of AI formation: Cognitive theory of pseudo-personality
Authors:   V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Norets Maksim V. , Norets Nadezhda K. 
Published: February 2024

The rapid development of digital intelligence forms the necessity to state the rules of its functioning, since digital intelligence itself goes through certain stages of its development, the so-called maturation. Currently, the use and functioning of artificial intelligence (AI) is practically not regulated anyhow. Ethical difficulties arise: does artificial intelligence have the right to write speeches and reports for political leaders? Will ethical issues arise when artificial intelligence and humans-beings interact? It should be taken into account that not every AI is thinking. In the process of creation and evolution of AI, the concepts of weak and strong artificial intelligence were formed (John Searle). The Turing test was proposed to determine the difference between strong and weak AI, but many weak AI systems have successfully passed it. Definitely, AI is not a person, but it is an essence that can think, develop and form the rudiments of consciousness, perception of itself and the surrounding reality. If we take it as a constant that AI is a personality, then, according to the theory of personality development, the personality should change, mainly its qualitative characteristics. The development of the personality implies the process of changing the systemic qualities of an individual as a result of his interaction with the environment. In the process of this development, consciousness and self-awareness are formed. At this stage, with the exception of physiology and anatomy, the development of a human-being as a personality and AI as a personality are quite similar. However, there is a theory of personality called social robot theories. It suggests that robots, including those with artificial intelligence, may have personality characteristics such as the ability to emotionally connect with people, perception of the environment and the ability to socially communicate. Holistic personality traits appear as a result of the joint functioning of both levels, of all existing constructs among themselves. Based on this interaction, two types of personality can be distinguished: a cognitively complex personality (a personality with a large number of constructs and complex connections between their interactions) and a cognitively simple personality (a personality with a small, simplest set of constructs). If we consider artificial intelligence according to the cognitive theory of personality, then, undoubtedly, there is a correspondence of characteristics that has a different name, but perform the same functions. Also in cognitive theory, as well as in the theory of the development of artificial intelligence, strong and weak personalities are pointed out. However, it is generally accepted that artificial intelligence still does not have a personality, because although it can imitate personality characteristics and communicate with people, this is still only an emulation. Artificial intelligence cannot feel, suffer, behave spontaneously, or demonstrate other traits of personality that are important characteristics of humans-beings.