bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Gap between Willingness and Behavior: The Use of Recycled Water for Toilet Flushing in Beijing, China
Authors: Ding Yizhe , Liu Xiaojun , Li Li
Published: April 2022

Promoting the use of recycled water is an effective way to solve the problem of urban water shortage. In order to promote the utilization of recycled water, this study identified the influential factors determining the differences between willingness and behavior to use recycled water for toilet flushing. Binary logistic regression models of willingness and behavior were analyzed and the data came from 1195 Beijing residents in communities where recycled water was available for toilet flushing. The results are as follows: First, the proportion of those willing to use recycled water (92%) was significantly higher than those who actually did so (35.2%); thus, higher willingness to use recycled water did not necessarily lead to higher using behavior. Second, different factors influenced willingness and behavior, with the willingness mainly influenced by cognitive and attitudinal factors, and the behavior dependent on external environmental factors such as the convenience of installation and promotion measures. Third, the convenience of the installation of recycled water facilities is the most important factor influencing both willingness and behavior, and inconvenient facilities are the main factor hindering the use of recycled water.
Wetland Resource Use and Conservation Attitudes of Rural vs. Urban Dwellers: A Comparative Analysis in Thohoyandou, Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Sinthumule Ndidzulafhi Innocent , Netshisaulu Khathutshelo Hildah
Published: April 2022

Although wetlands provide a variety of goods and services to people and ecosystems, they are the most threatened ecosystem in the world because they are easily degraded. Thus, efforts to protect the remaining wetlands are critical if this resource is to continue providing environmental, cultural, and economic goods and services. Central to the conservation and management of wetlands is understanding the attitudes of the people bordering wetlands. This study aimed to analyse wetland resource use and conservation attitudes of urban vs. rural dwellers of Thohoyandou, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Interview-administered questionnaires and observation were the methods used for data collection. Systematic random sampling was used to obtain a sample of 282 in urban and 312 households in rural areas. Descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages) were used to summarize the data. Chi-square (χ2) tests were applied using Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Washington, WA, USA) in order to determine whether responses occurred with equal probability. Differences were considered to be significant at p ≤ 0.05. The study found that wetlands are more important in the lives and livelihoods of people in rural areas (92.9%) compared with urban areas (26.6%) of Thohoyandou. Human land use activities in wetlands (especially cultivation and infrastructural development) have degraded and destroyed wetlands—particularly those located in urban areas. The attitudes of respondents were generally positive both in urban and rural areas regarding the need for conservation and rehabilitation/restoration of wetlands. The study concluded that positive attitudes alone are insufficient to save and protect the wetlands. The responsible authorities should implement existing legislation to complement the positive attitudes of people and, importantly, they should work with communities towards the conservation of wetlands.
Probabilistic Framework Allocation on Underwater Vehicular Systems Using Hydrophone Sensor Networks
Authors: Kshirsagar Pravin R. , Manoharan Hariprasath , Shitharth S. , Alshareef Abdulrhman M. , Singh Dilbag , Lee Heung-No
Published: April 2022

This article emphasis the importance of constructing an underwater vehicle monitoring system to solve various issues that are related to deep sea explorations. For solving the issues, conventional methods are not implemented, whereas a new underwater vehicle is introduced which acts as a sensing device and monitors the ambient noise in the system. However, the fundamentals of creating underwater vehicles have been considered from conventional systems and the new formulations are generated. This innovative sensing device will function based on the energy produced by the solar cells which will operate for a short period of time under the water where low parametric units are installed. In addition, the energy consumed for operating a particular unit is much lesser and this results in achieving high reliability using a probabilistic path finding algorithm. Further, two different application segments have been solved using the proposed formulations including the depth of monitoring the ocean. To validate the efficiency of the proposed method, comparisons have been made with existing methods in terms of navigation output units, rate of decomposition for solar cells, reliability rate, and directivity where the proposed method proves to be more efficient for an average percentile of 64%.
Green Energy and Water Resource Management: A Case Study of Fishery and Solar Power Symbiosis in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Han-Shen , Kuo Hung-Yu
Published: April 2022

Renewable energy development is a key pathway for mitigating climate change. The Taiwan government has been actively developing low carbon green energy with solar photovoltaic technology and wind power as their primary development projects. Cigu Taiwan provides an ideal research site to examine tradeoffs between ecological conservation, marine fisheries, and green power development, and the factors affect commitments to ecological conservation in the face of these tradeoffs. This research investigates the fishery and electricity symbiosis project in Cigu through a novel combination of the theory of planned behavior and the contingent valuation method to analyze the factors influencing the local residents’ behavioral intentions to safeguard ecological achievements in ecologically fragile areas through conservation trust funds. Analysis of survey responses from a convenience sample of 715 residents and resource users in the Cigu area reports that attitudes (ATT), subjective norms (SN), perceived behavioral control (PBC), environmental concern (EC), and environmental risk (ER) significantly influence the behavioral intention to pay eco-compensation fees; the local residents’ willingness to pay for the conservation trust funds was NTD 621.4/year (USD 21.9/year), and decreased to NTD 545.9/year (USD 19.2/year) after the implementation of fishery and electricity symbiosis. The discussion section argues that the drivers of ATT, SN, PBC, EC, and ER can be used by policy makers to direct local residents’ intentions and behavior toward conserving ecological achievements in fragile eco-environmental areas through payments for ecosystem services. Thus, this strategy can improve the sustainability of ecological and environmental restoration programs.
New Challenges towards Smart Systems’ Efficiency by Digital Twin in Water Distribution Networks
Authors: Ramos Helena M. , Morani Maria Cristina , Carravetta Armando , Fecarrotta Oreste , Adeyeye Kemi , López-Jiménez P. Amparo , Pérez-Sánchez Modesto
Published: April 2022

Nowadays, in the management of water distribution networks (WDNs), particular attention is paid to digital transition and the improvement of the energy efficiency of these systems. New technologies have been developed in the recent years and their implementation can be crucial to achieve a sustainable level of water networks, namely, in water and energy losses. In particular, Digital Twins (DT) represents a very innovative technology, which relies on the integration of virtual network models, optimization algorithms, real time data collection, and smart actuators information with Geographic Information System (GIS) data. This research defines a new methodology for an efficient application of DT expertise within water distribution networks. Assuming a DMA of a real water distribution network as a case study, it was demonstrated that a fast detection of leakage along with an optimal setting of pressure control valves by means of DT together with an optimization procedure can ensure up to 28% of water savings, contributing to significantly increase the efficiency of the whole system.
Analysis of Hydrologic Drought Frequency Using Multivariate Copulas in Shaying River Basin
Authors: Ma Jianqin , Cui Bifeng , Hao Xiuping , He Pengfei , Liu Lei , Song Zhirui
Published: April 2022

Droughts, considered one of the most dangerous and costly water cycle expressions, always occurs over a certain region, lasting several weeks or months, and involving multiple variables. In this work, a multivariate approach was used for the statistical characterization of hydrological droughts in Shaying River Basin with data from 1959–2008. The standard runoff index (SRI) and the run theory were employed to defined hydrological drought character variables (duration, severity, and intensity peak). Then, a multivariate joint probability analysis with four symmetric and corresponding asymmetric Archimedean Copulas was presented; and the multivariate frequency analysis with the joint return periods (Tand and Tor) were estimated. The results showed that the hydrological droughts have a severity of 4.79 and 5.09, and the drought intensity peak is of 1.35 and 1.50 in Zhoukou station and Luohe station, respectively; the rank correlation coefficients τ are more than 0.5, which means multivariate copulas can effectively describe the joint frequency distributions among multivariate variables. Drought risk shows a spatial variation: the downstream observed at Zhoukou station is characterized by a higher multivariate drought risk. In general, multivariate copulas provide a reliable method when constructing a comprehensive drought index and evaluating multivariate drought characteristics. Thus, this paper can provide useful indications for the multi-dimensional droughts’ risks assessment in Shaying River Basin.
A Study on the Strain-Softening Constitutive Model of Cementitious Sandstone
Authors: Sun Zhongguang , Wang Kequan , Kang Yueming , Hu Wanli
Published: April 2022

In order to further investigate the impacts of the water environment on the mechanical properties of rocks for an engineering project, taking the water-rich conditions in a coal mine as the engineering background, a series of tests were conducted, including the uniaxial compression test, the conventional triaxial compression test, and the constant axial pressure test on the cementitious sandstone. This was conducted along with the establishment of a multi-linear strain softening constitutive model. According to the tests, the following conclusions can be drawn. Firstly, as the water content increases, the weakening effect of water on the rock mass was obvious. Under various stress paths, the water weakened the rock body to various degrees. In other words, the weakening effect of water on the rock mass was either inhibited or promoted under different stress path conditions Secondly, under various stress paths, the turning point strength and strength variance rate of the rock mass’ mechanical properties decreased linearly with the increase of water content. This further proves that water has a weakening effect on the rock mass, showing that the failure of the specimen changes from brittleness to ductility. Thirdly, the test sample demonstrated different types of damages including the tensile failure, transformation from tensile-shear composite failure to shear failure, and expansion failure under three stress path conditions. In addition, the unloading process demonstrated some dynamic failure characteristics. The research aims to provide some foundational insights for the scientific design and safe construction of the mine and other underground engineering, especially rock mass engineering in the multi-water environment.
Assessment of the Type of Deficit Irrigation Applied during Berry Development in ‘Crimson Seedless’ Table Grapes
Authors: Conesa María R. , Berríos Pablo , Temnani Abdelmalek , Pérez-Pastor Alejandro
Published: April 2022

This work assessed the effects of the sustained (during the whole berry growth) and regulated (at post-veraison) practices of deficit irrigation on water relations, yield components and berry quality in a commercial vineyard of ‘Crimson Seedless’ table grapes. For this, five irrigation treatments were established during a complete irrigation season (from April to October): (i) Control (CTL) irrigated to 110% crop evapotranspiration (ETc); (ii) Regulated Deficit Irrigation (RDI) irrigated at 50% of CTL during the non-critical period of post-veraison; (iii) Sustained Deficit Irrigation (SDI), irrigated at 50% of CTL throughout the entire berry growing season; (iv) Partial Root-Zone Drying (PRD), irrigated similar to RDI but alternating the irrigation applied on the dry side every 10–14 days; (v) Sustained Partial Root-Zone Drying (SPRD), irrigated as SDI but alternating the irrigation on the dry side every 10–14 days. RDI and PRD received 24% and 28% less water than CTL, respectively. These reductions were higher in SDI and SPRD (65% and 53%, respectively). Total yield was not affected by any DI strategy. Only significantly lower productive values were observed in the weight and height of the berries as compared to CTL. However, the color parameters evaluated increased in all the DI treatments, being slightly higher in SDI and SPRD as compared with RDI and PRD. In addition, total soluble solids (TSS) were significantly higher in SDI, compared to other irrigated counterparts. Our findings showed that the application of water deficit during the entire period of berry growth using SDI and SPRD can be considered for irrigation scheduling in ‘Crimson Seedless’ table grapes when the aim is to solve the trouble of insufficient reddish color of the berries.
Oscillation Flow Dam Operation Method for Algal Bloom Mitigation
Authors: Kim Jungwook , Kwak Jaewon , Ahn Jung Min , Kim Hongtae , Jeon Jihye , Kim Kyunghyun
Published: April 2022

Green algae play an important role in ecosystems as primary producers, but they can cause algal blooms, which are socio-environmental burdens as responding to them requires water resources from dam reservoirs. This study proposes an alternative for reducing algal blooms through dam operation without using additional water resources. A novel oscillation flow concept was suggested: oscillating discharge of dam for irregular flow. To examine its effect, the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code—National Institute of Environment Research (EFDC-NIER) model was constructed and calibrated for the Namhan River, South Korea, from downstream of the Chungju Dam to downstream of Gangcheon Weir. The water quality in the study area were simulated and analyzed for August 2019, which is when the largest number of harmful cyanobacteria had been reported in recent years. Our results showed that the oscillation flow produced significant variance of flow velocity, and algal bloom density in the Namhan River was reduced by 20–30% through the operation of the Chungju Dam. However, further study and investigation are required before practical application.
Modeling Average Grain Velocity for Rectangular Channel Using Soft Computing Techniques
Authors: Kumari Anuradha , Kumar Akhilesh , Kumar Manish , Kuriqi Alban
Published: April 2022

This study was undertaken with the primary objective of modeling grain velocity based on experimental data obtained under the controlled conditions of a laboratory using a rectangular hydraulic tilting channel. Soft computing approaches, i.e., support vector machine (SVM), artificial neural network (ANN), and multiple linear regression (MLR), were applied to simulate grain velocity using four input variables; shear velocity, exposed area to base area ratio (EATBAR), relative depth, and sediment particle weight. Quantitative performance evaluation of predicted values was performed with the help of three different standard statistical indices, such as the root mean square error (RMSE), Pearson’s correlation coefficient (PCC), and Wilmot index (WI). The results during the testing phase revealed that the SVM model has RMSE (m/s), PCC, and WI values obtained as 0.1195, 0.8877, and 0.7243, respectively, providing more accurate predictions than the MLR and ANN models during the testing phase.
Surface Seawater pCO2 Variation after a Typhoon Passage in the Kuroshio off Eastern Taiwan
Authors: Fan Lan-Feng , Chow Chun Hoe , Gong Gwo-Ching , Chou Wen-Chen
Published: April 2022

In this study, two cruises were conducted across the mainstream of the Kuroshio off eastern Taiwan before and after the passage of Typhoon Saola in summer 2012. The continuous underway pCO2 (i.e., partial pressure of CO2) measurements revealed that surface seawater pCO2 (SS pCO2) displayed spatial variations in response to typhoon passage. The simulated results showed that the mixed-layer deepening after typhoon passage had a minor effect on SS pCO2 variation because pCO2 decrease driven by temperature dropdown and enhanced biological production fueled by nutrients input was largely compensated by pCO2 increase caused by salinity increase and dissolved inorganic carbon input from the subsurface layer. By contrast, the advection pattern showed significant change before and after the typhoon, which could play a major role in controlling the variation of SS pCO2. In the exit area of the cyclonic eddy, SS pCO2 decreased, while in the area of its arrival, SS pCO2 increased. Besides, the discharge of freshwater and the intrusion of the South China Sea subsurface could result in SS pCO2 increase in the nearshore area. The present study highlights that more advection changes need to be considered to better understand the impact of the typhoon on SS pCO2, especially in the strong current area, such as the Kuroshio.
Research on the Influence of Liquid on Heat Dissipation and Heating Characteristics of Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Management System
Authors: Zhang Chuanwei , Huang Jing , Sun Weixin , Xu Xusheng , Li Yikun
Published: April 2022

A battery thermal management system (BTMS) with functions of heat dissipation and heating by using only one liquid and one structure was studied, and a design for a new type of thermal management device structure was proposed. To find the influence factors of the BTMS on heat dissipation and heating characteristics, we selected and simulated three parameters: inlet size, liquid flow rate, and temperature. The convective heat transfer coefficient h and the Nusselt number Nu were used to analyze the influence of inlet size and liquid velocity on heat transfer intensity. The results show that: (1) In the temperature environment of 298 K with different discharge rates, a pipe diameter of 10 mm is the best size of the BTMS; (2) The increase in flow rate can increase the convective heat transfer coefficient h and the Nusselt number Nu. When the flow rate is 0.02 m/s, the growth rate of h and Nu is the largest; (3) The higher the fluid temperature, the faster the temperature of the battery pack increases in cold environments, but the uneven surface temperature of the battery is also more obvious.
A State-of-Charge Estimation Method Based on Multi-Algorithm Fusion
Authors: Tang Aihua , Gong Peng , Li Jiajie , Zhang Kaiqing , Zhou Yapeng , Zhang Zhigang
Published: April 2022

Lithium-ion power batteries are widely used in the electric vehicle (EV) industry due to their high working voltage, high energy density, long cycle life, low self-discharge rate, and environmental protection. A multi-algorithm fusion method is proposed in this paper to estimate the battery state of charge (SOC), establishing the Thevenin model and collecting the terminal voltage residuals when the extended Kalman filter (EKF), adaptive extended Kalman filter (AEKF), and H infinite filter (HIF) estimate the SOC separately. The residuals are fused by Bayesian probability and the weight is obtained, and then the SOC estimated value of the fusion algorithm is obtained from the weight. A comparative analysis of the estimation accuracy of a single algorithm and a fusion algorithm under two different working conditions is made. Experimental results show that the fusion algorithm is more robust in the whole process of SOC estimation, and its estimation accuracy is better than the EKF algorithm. The estimation result for the fusion algorithm under a Dynamic Stress Test (DST) is better than that under a Hybrid Pulse Power Characterization (HPPC) test. With the emergence of cloud batteries, the fusion algorithm is expected to realize real vehicle online application.
Is Zero Subsidy in Fixed-Bottom Offshore Wind Farms Feasible? The Case of Incheon, South Korea
Authors: Lee Jongmin , Xydis George
Published: April 2022

It has been stated that by 2030, South Korea will have increased their capacity for wind power from 124 MW to 12 GW. According to official statements, offshore wind turbines will provide most of this wind energy. In order to determine the costs for an offshore wind energy production site, an economic analysis was performed in Incheon, South Korea, and the levelized cost of energy (LCoE) value was calculated at 129.97 USD per MWh, and the net present value and the internal rate of return were also calculated. Various scenarios were tested, and it was proven that minimum or no governmental support can lead to economically problematic projects. Is zero subsidy the future of the offshore wind industry?
Exploring Systems Thinking Competence of Finns in Fostering Sustainable Transformation
Authors: Ratinen Ilkka , Linnanen Lassi
Published: April 2022

Systems thinking competence is one of the key sustainability competences to make the future more sustainable by focusing on individuals’ capability to analyse sustainability problems across different sectors and scales. The other competencies to foster systems thinking are futures thinking competence, values and critical thinking competence, action-oriented competence, and collaboration competence. In this study, we examined Finnish people’s systems thinking competence and its connections to sustainable transformation. The survey data collected from Finns (n = 2006) were analysed using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical regression analysis. The study showed that the sustainability component loaded reliably into principal components. In particular, the Cronbach’s alpha (0.91) and Spearman–Brown (0.90) were high for systems thinking competence. The hierarchical regression analysis showed that Finns’ values, critical thinking, and individual action-oriented competence predict their systems thinking competence. The results indicate that Finns’ ideas of climate change and biodiversity loss mitigation arise from their individual values and opinions that actions are implemented in an ethically just way.
PNEUMOCYSTIS CHRONIOSEPSIS AS AN OPTION OF PNEUMOCYSTIS INFECTION PROGRESSION: CASE REPORT
Authors: Gerasimov Viktor , Slesareva Elena , Kuznetsova Tat'yana , Abuzova Yana
Published: April 2022

Pneumocystis infection caused by Pneumocystis jiroveci tops the list of opportunistic infections, affecting mainly premature babies and people with various types of immunodeficiency disorders. Generalized forms of the disease in immunocompromised patients are extremely rare and do not have any pathognomonic symptoms, which often makes timely diagnosis and treatment difficult.
The aim of the paper is to study clinical and morphological manifestations of generalized pneumocystosis and to clarify some aspects of its differential diagnosis as illustrated by an autopsy case.
Materials and Methods. For histomorphological examination, autopsies of the liver, lung, pancreas, red bone marrow, brain, heart, and spleen were fixed in 10 % neutral formalin and embedded in paraffin. Sections of standard thickness were stained with hematoxylin-eosin; then histologic specimen were studied under a light microscope. The results of the histomorphological study were analyzed along with the medical history.
Results. It has been shown that the following nonspecific clinical manifestations were specifically attributed to the generalized form of pneumocystosis: febrile fever, intoxication, non-productive cough, shortness of breath on little exertion, increased levels of hepatic transaminases, and leukocytosis. Histological manifestations included pneumocystis foci at different stages of development both in the parenchyma and in the interstitium of many internal organs, such as the liver, kidneys, spleen, brain, red bone marrow, lungs, and uterus. The preservation of the organ histoarchitectonics depended on the number of pneumocystis foci and the degree of organ damage.
Conclusion. The generalized form of pneumocystis infection is very rare and it can be combined with other concomitant diseases. Moreover, it is characterized by a long asymptomatic period and complexity of laboratory diagnostics, so its mortality constantly increases. Generalized form of pneumocystis infection should be differentiated from acute respiratory diseases, cytomegalovirus infection, mycoplasmosis, chlamydia, toxoplasmosis, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, neoplastic diseases, lymphogranulomatosis, and collagenoses, where the most precise methods are ELISA, indirect immunofluorescence test, immunofluorescence test, and PCR.
EFFECT OF SUCCINATE-CONTAINING DRUGS ON CELLULAR COMPOSITION OF BLOOD IN RATS AT REST, DURING FREE SWIMMING AND WEIGHT-LOADED FORCED SWIMMING TEST
Authors: Mongalev Nikolay , Rubtsova Lidiya , Vakhnina Nadezhda , Shadrina Vera , Chupakhin Oleg , Boyko Evgeniy
Published: April 2022

The aim of the study is to analyze the effect of succinate-containing drugs on the cellular composition of blood in rats at rest, during free swimming and weight-loaded forced swimming test.
Materials and Methods The study was carried out on practically healthy sexually mature male Wistar rats (250–300 g). Animals received a succinate-containing drug (meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid) at rest, before free swimming and weight-loaded swimming (4 % of body weight), and after 12 hours before exercise. Then, the levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, the number of erythrocytes, reticulocytes and leukocytes with the distribution of their subpopulation composition were detected in the blood of rats. The authors measured the diameter of 100 reticulocytes and erythrocytes stained according to Romanovsky-Giemsa technique and by brilliant cresyl blue. The significance of differences in the reactions of rats’ blood cells was determined by the Kruskal-Wallis test using the R package WRS2(version 3.4.2).
Results. The use of a succinate-containing drug in animals increased the proliferative activity foremost of lymphoid tissue. At rest, the indicators of the cellular composition of blood in rats corresponded to those after free swimming without succinate-containing drug use, which is considered as a transition of the functional state of the body to a level corresponding to the physical activity. The effect of the succinate-containing drug was more pronounced in animals during weight-loaded forced swimming test: duration of swimming increased by 2.8 times.
Conclusion. In rats, the efficacy of a succinate-containing drug is manifested under intense physical activity. The practical use of a succinate-containing drug is physiologically justified if animals are under functional stress.
PLATELET AGGREGATION IN PATIENTS WITH PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS AND SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE SYNDROME
Authors: Kolchin Dmitriy , Degtyareva Yuliya , Ruzov Viktor , Asanov Baymurat , Prokhorov Oleg
Published: April 2022

Platelets play a special role in the systemic inflammatory response syndrome, as they acquire the ability to become activated and aggregate. Literature has no direct evidence of a link between platelet aggregation activity and the severity of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.
The aim of the paper is to study platelet aggregation in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis with severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome.
Materials and Methods. Spontaneous and induced by ADP (0.1, 1.0 and 5.0 ml) platelet aggregation was determined by Born turbodynamic method. The study enrolled 27 patients with severe and 33 patients with indolent systemic inflammatory response syndrome Spontaneous and induced by ADP (0.1 and 1.0 ml) platelet aggregation was evaluated in absorbance units (a.u.); platelet aggregation induced by 5.0 ml of ADP was measured in percentage terms. Statistica 10 was used to process the results. Discrepancy tests were used to determine the significance of differences of mean values; McNemar’s test and Fisher’s exact test were used to estimate event rate, p<0.05.
Results. In Group 1 spontaneous and induced by ADP (0.1, 1.0 and 5 ml) platelet aggregation was 0.85–2.65 (1.210.1) a.u., 0.81–3.67 (3.030.38) a.u., 1.06–6.25 (6.50.51) a.u., 5–66 % (39.53.6); in Group 2 – 0.84–1.36 (1.10.04) a.u., 0.77–2.49 (2.10.26) a.u., 0.64–5.49 (2.200.08) a.u., 8–66 (35.74.14) %, respectively. Frequency of spontaneous and induced by ADP (0.1, 1.0 and 5 ml) platelet hypoaggregation in Groups 1 and 2 was 33.3 % and 27.3 %; 14.8 % and 24.2 %; 0 % and 39.4 %; 14.8 % and 24.2 %, respectively; frequency of hyperaggregation was 14.8 % and 0 %; 11.1 % and 9.1 %; 29.6 % and 0 %; 0 % and 0 %, respectively.
Conclusion. Platelet aggregation activity in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis is determined by the severity of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome. A pronounced systemic inflammatory response syndrome is associated with increased spontaneous and induced by ADP (1.0 ml) platelet aggregation in 14.8 % and 29.6 % of cases, respectively.
OPTIONS OF INTERFERON-FREE THERAPY FOR HCV INFECTION. A CASE STUDY. COMPARISON OF NON-INVASIVE METHODS FOR LIVER FIBROSIS ASSESSMENT
Authors: Saranskaya Yana , Kiseleva Lyubov , Il'mukhina Larisa
Published: April 2022

The incidence of hepatitis C virus infection in Russia is 2–3 %. In our country the socio-economic damage caused by the increase in the incidence of chronic hepatitis and its consequences, such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma, is enormous. The goal of antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C is a sustained virological response, which is associated with a biochemical response and regression of hepatic tissue fibrosis, which leads to a decrease in the liver cirrhosis development.
The purpose of the study is to determine the efficacy of interferon-free therapy; to compare the efficacy of non-invasive methods for liver fibrosis diagnostics in chronic hepatitis C.
Materials and Methods. The study included 63 patients who underwent direct antiviral therapy (dasabuvir and ombitasvir + paritaprevir + ritonavir (3D-therapy)) in combination with ribavirin or without it, depending on the hepatitis C virus genotype and the stage of liver fibrosis. The stage of hepatic tissue fibrosis was assessed by non-invasive methods, namely, elastography and vibration-controlled transient elastometry using FibriScanCompact 530 (Echosens, France). Liver fibrosis biomarkers (AAR, APRI, Fib-4, Forns index) were calculated; MDA test was conducted.
Results. 100 % efficacy of dasabuvir and ombitasvir + paritaprevir + ritonavir was confirmed for both 8- and 12-week therapy in comorbid patients with extrahepatic manifestations, patients who underwent interferon-based therapy, regardless of liver fibrosis stage and disease duration.
The article provides a comparative description of non-invasive methods for assessing liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C: elastography, elastometry and serum fibrosis indices (APRI, AAR, FIB-4, MDA, Forns index). Indirect fibrosis markers are useful, because they allow to determine the late stages of liver fibrosis (F3-F4 on the METAVIR scale) with a very high degree of confidence.
STUDY OF PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYMER-IMPREGNATED COMPOSITION IN CLINICAL PURULENT OSTEOLOGY
Authors: Efremov Ivan , Midlenko Vladimir
Published: April 2022

Bone cement, or PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) is often used in purulent surgery. Scientific literature contains very contradictory data on the physical and mechanical properties of polymer-impregnated compositions, in particular, on the temperature of the PMMA polymerization process and the ways to reduce it, such as introduction of antimicrobial drugs for prevention and treatment of infectious complications in patients after injuries and musculoskeletal surgery.
The aim of the study is to conduct an in vitro experiment and to evaluate the temperature of the exothermic polymerization reaction of bone cement (PMMA) and possible ways to reduce it.
Materials and Methods. The authors conducted 8 series of experiments in vitro. In each series, a disk (45–50 mm in diameter, 5–7 mm thick) was made by hand after mixing the components of the polymer composition. The temperature of the ongoing exothermic reaction was measured on the disk surface using a non-contact infrared thermometer ADA TemPro 300 in a continuous scanning mode.
Results. The temperature of the exothermic polymerization reaction of PMMA Synicem 1-based bone cement was 92.8±1.6 °C (min 91.2 °C, max 94.9 °C), and Palacos®MV+G-based bone cement 92.7±1.2 °С (min 91.1 °C, max 93.8 °C). Reducing the monomer amount by 50 % (polymer / monomer ratio was equal to 4:1) and simultaneously introducing “Sextaphage” (10 ml) led to a sharp temperature decrease of the exothermic reaction by more than 30 °C.
Conclusions. One of the ways to reduce the temperature of the exothermic reaction in vitro is to change the ratio of polymer powder and liquid monomer, reducing the amount of monomer introduced into the polymer composition.
SYMPTOMS OF IMPAIRED CEREBRAL VENOUS HEMODYNAMICS
IN ADOLESCENTS WITH CONNECTIVE TISSUE DYSPLASIA
Authors: Proshin Artem , Mashin Viktor , Belova Lyudmila , Belov Dmitriy
Published: April 2022

The aim of the paper was to study clinical manifestations of cerebral venous insufficiency in adolescents with connective tissue dysplasia (CTD).
Materials and Methods. The authors examined 156 adolescents. The main group consisted of 82 adoles-cents with CTD symptoms. The comparison group included 74 adolescents without CTD manifestations. Connective tissue dysplasia was assessed according to L.N. Abakumova scoring system (2006). Patient intake and examination revealed clinical signs of cerebral venous insufficiency.
Results. The following complaints were peculiar for the patients of the main group: headache, which in-tensity increased when working in an inclined position, during or after a nocturnal sleep, with coughing and on straining, and decreased in the afternoon and after moderate physical activity; vertigo, which worsened in case of postural change, head rotation and bending; puffiness/pasty face and eyelids in the morning, “high pillow” symptom, “tight collar” symptom, sandy-gritty sensation in the morning; night-mares, frequent night awakenings because of the headaches; nasal stuffiness without ARD symptoms. The patients of the main group also demonstrated symptoms of cerebral venous insufficiency: facial puffi-ness, eyelid swelling; sclera injection; venous network on the anterior chest / neck; lip or nasolabial tri-angle cyanosis, hypoesthesia of the 1st or 2nd branch of the trigeminal nerve.
Conclusion. Clinical symptoms of cerebral venous insufficiency are more prominent in adolescents with CTD than in the comparison group. This fact indicates the need for early detection of venous hemodynam-ic disorders, subsequent dynamic monitoring and preventive measures to avoid the early development of cerebrovascular diseases in adolescents.
MORPHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF KIDNEY CORTICAL SUBSTANCE DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDHOOD
Authors: Sologub Anton , Slesareva Elena
Published: April 2022

One of the factors for arterial hypertension development is an increase in the activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. It is supposed to be relevant to study the structure of subcortical and perimedullary nephrons in order to identify their morphofunctional characteristics in postnatal ontogenesis.
The aim of the study was to investigate the age-related characteristics of the renal cortex structure in children of different age groups.
Materials and Methods. The study was performed on the autopsy renal material obtained from children without any vascular and renoparenchymal diseases, who died at the age of 2 months – 10 years. Six age groups were identified: those who died at the age of 2–4 months, 6–9 months, 10–12 months, 3 years, 6 years, and 10 years. Paraffin microscope slides were prepared according to a standard method and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The authors determined the number of subcortical and perimedullary renal corpuscles, cortical and perimedullary nephron area, glomeruli area of subcortical and perimedullary nephrons and their average capsule area using the Levenhuk morphometric program.
Results. In postnatal ontogenesis, uneven maturation of the cortical renal substance is observed. Initially, the nephrons of the subcapsular zone develop faster, with predominant growth of convoluted tubules. Nephron number in the perimedullary zone is lower than in the subcortical one. Active tubule and stroma growth is observed since the age of 3. By the age of 10, the number of subcortical and perimedullary nephrons becomes the same and corresponds to the kidney structure in adults. In ontogenesis, the corpuscles and vascular glomeruli of the pericerebral nephrons are larger than those of the subcapsular ones. However, the urinary space is wider in the subcapsular nephrons, which indicates their earlier involvement in the urination process. A significant development of the vascular glomeruli of the perimedullary nephrons indicates their predominant involvement in the processes of blood pressure regulation through renin synthesis.
A Quantitative Study of The Most Influential Articles on Cytomegalovirus in Solid Organ Transplantation
Authors: ALKAN Sevil , GÖKÇE Oruç Numan , ŞAHİNOĞLU Mustafa Serhat
Published: April 2022

Objectives: In this scientometric and quantitative study, the previous literature on the topic of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients was analysed. Our overarching goal was to explore the publications in this field and to identify research hotspots.

Material and Methods: The Web of Science (WoS) database was utilized to research publications. The following terms were included in the search strategy syntax: "CMV" or "CMV infection" or "Cytomegalovirus" and "solid organ" or "hepatic" or "liver" or "pancreatic" or "lung" or "heart" or "transplantation" or "organ donation". Articles were selected as the document type. The complete text data of the included publications was retrieved from the WoS database. The VOSviewer (version 1.6.10, Leiden University, Netherlands) was used to do the bibliometric study in order to display the collaboration network, emphases, and future trends in the relevant topic.

Results: 2432 results were reached from the Wos Core Collection. 1390 of them were articles. The USA was the top-ranked country (29.928%). Germany, Japan, England, and France (6.043%) were ranked in the first 5 countries. Turkey ranked 16th. 1351 (97.194%) of the publications were published in SCI-EXPANDED journals. The first article was published in the year 1971. 990 (71.87%) of the articles were published after 2000. The highest number of publications was in the year 2020 (4.892%). The H index of the articles was 100. There were a total of 45063 citations and an average of 32.42 per item. The number of citations and publications has increased over the last 30 years. The University of London was the top-ranked affiliation. Most of the articles (11.871%) were published in the journal "Transplantation Proceedings".

Conclusions: The number of publications in this field is very low, especially for developing countries. The USA, Japan, and European countries are the countries with the highest number of publications.
STRATEGI GURU GEOGRAFI DALAM PENGGUNAAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN PADA PEMBELAJARAN ONLINE
Authors: Padli Feri , Rusdi Rusdi , Hendra Hendra
Published: April 2022

This article will reveal strategies for using learning media from Geography teachers during online learning (learning in networks). The aim is to find out what media is used in online geography learning and also the teacher's competence in using Geographic Information System (GIS) media in geography learning. It is hoped that the outcome of the research will be used as an evaluation material and recommendation for the next action in an effort to increase the quantity of relevant media and the quality of learning outcomes of Geography in schools. By planning training in Community Service programs. The data collection method used a special interview system for the main resource person, namely the Geography Teacher by using an online questionnaire for a random sample and secondary data documentation. The results obtained are the class media that is most often used in geography learning the first choice is to use the Whatsapp Group chat application, then Google Classroom and for face-to-face virtual use of video conferencing applications such as zoom or google meet. Meanwhile, the media for teaching teacher material still uses map media, both printed and digital, books or modules, and powerpoint presentations. Meanwhile, GIS applications are still very minimally utilized. The reasons stated are because of the relevance of the material, the easier process if using more general media and the availability of supporting facilities in the agency. However, the perception of his ability to prepare learning media is considered quite good. The only obstacle or challenge is increasing student motivation, and personal self-motivation to work that needs to be improved..
TINJAUAN GEOGRAFI DALAM PERILAKU ADAPTASI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP BENCANA BANJIR DI DESA MOTAAIN KECAMATAN MALAKA BARAT KABUPATEN MALAKA
Authors: Sunimbar Sunimbar , Angin Ignasius Suban
Published: April 2022

The research objectives were to: (1) analyze the spatial distribution of the level of flood vulnerability in Motaain Village;  (2) know the community's attitude towards the flood disaster in Motaain Village;  and (3) know the community's adaptation strategy in dealing with flood disaster in Motaain Village.The type of research is descriptive research, which the type of research that has a purpose to explain specifically a symptom and event that is happening at the present time or an actual problem by using data in the form of quantitative and qualitative data.  The study population was 196 heads of families.  The sampling technique used is a random sample or random sampling or probability sampling, with a simple random sampling technique.  The sample size in this study was 45 families, determined by lottery.  Data sources consist of primary data and secondary data.  Data collection techniques are: interviews, observation, and documentation.  The data analysis technique used is qualitative and quantitative analysis.The results of the study: (1) baed on six parameters, namely soil type, elevation/place, slope, land use, rainfall and river density, the Motaain Village area has two flood-prone zones, namely a moderately vulnerable zone and a very flood-prone zone;  (2) the attitude of the community before the flood disaster, during the flood disaster, and after the flood disaster varied;  (3) adaptation strategies before the flood disaster, during the flood disaster, and after the flood disaster, the safety of human casualties, the economic aspect, the social aspect, the structural aspect, and the cultural aspect.
A system for accounting the costs of contemporary negative environmental phenomena - some methodological remarks
Authors: Czaja Stanisław , Becla Agnieszka
Published: April 2022

The article contains an idea of building a cost accounting system for contemporary negative phenomena of natural and anthropogenic disasters, including ecological ones. These phenomena are treated as "black swans", that is, phenomena with a high level of threat and wide, diverse, mainly negative effects. The authors presented selected methodological suggestions for including different types of effects of such phenomena in the system of records and their monetary valorization (i.e. cost recognition). The article is intended as an introduction to further in-depth discussion of these challenges. Considering the emerging problems (phenomena and processes), they belong to the most important issues for economics, ecological economics and environmental economics. However, they are not very often addressed in the literature.
The academic interest for bioplastics - a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Sagapova Nikola , Cudlinova Eva
Published: April 2022

Plastic materials are shaping modern society and making our lives easier. However, due to improper handling of plastic waste, plastics are no longer ubiquitous only in our homes, villages and cities but also in the natural environment. In line with the concept of bioeconomy, bioplastics are presented as a sustainable option that could help the economy overcome its dependence on fossil fuels and contribute to the reduction of overall plastic pollution. The study aims to identify the areas of academic interest in bioplastics. The study's methodological approach is based on a bibliometric (scientometric) analysis. It was found that in academia, biology, chemistry, and biotechnology are the main areas dealing with bioplastics, focusing on the whole process of product development. At the same time, there is a significant lack of research in areas such as social sciences, including economics. These findings should contribute to the global scientific discourse.
Penerapan Teknologi Augmented Reality dan Virtual Reality dalam Peningkatan Pembelajaran Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Permana Randy , Eka Praja Wiyata Mandala  , Dewi Eka Putri  , Musli Yanto
Published: April 2022

The need for digital technology has increased along with the development of new technological discoveries. These needs cause changes in the pattern of human life in socializing, doing activities, as well as in understanding and learning things. One technology that continues to experience development is mobile technology, where this technology is owned by the majority of the earth's population. The application of mobile technology in the learning process is one of the choices at this time, where practicality and mobile are one of the strong reasons for using this technology. In this service, Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality technology will be introduced to support the learning process. AR and VR technologies introduced include digital content that enters the realm of education, where using AR content can help accelerate and improve the student learning process.