bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How to feed a culturally sustainable development plan over time: evidence from the Tuscan Mining UNESCO Global Geopark
Authors: Magliacani Michela , Francesconi Alberto
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This research explores the community's role in feeding a culturally sustainable development project over time and the practices which operationally allow the bridging of cultural heritage management and sustainable development according to the approach of “culture as sustainability”.

Design/methodology/approach

The primary and secondary sources relate to nearly 20 years of life of the Tuscan Mining Geopark case belonging to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) European and Global Geopark Networks. Textual analysis was applied to the dataset. The interpretative approach was aligned with other investigations within this research field.

Findings

The results highlight how a bold project in an uncertain context harnessed bottom-up mobilisation and accountability to stimulate a sustainable community empowerment. The ability to experiment and learn from experience depicts an organisational logic far from the top-down and predefined design practice widely contested in the literature.

Research limitations/implications

Despite a single case study was analysed, it enables researchers to craft a conceptual model for culturally sustainable development projects, and it fills the literature gap on how to operationalise culture as sustainability under the managerial perspective.

Practical implications

The model assembles an organisational process view and practices that can be tailored to a cultural context with insights for developing culturally sustainable projects.

Originality/value

The research increases the observations of community empowerment within culturally sustainable development projects. It demonstrates how the “incompleteness of the design” was not a weakness but rather a trigger of effective organisational practices.
Capital regulation, liquidity risk, efficiency and banks performance in emerging economies
Authors: Boamah Nicholas Addai , Opoku Emmanuel , Boakye-Dankwa Augustine
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This study aims to examine the descriptive capabilities of efficiency, liquidity risk and capital risk for the cross-sectional and time-series variations in banks’ performance across emerging economies (EEs). It also examines the impact of the 2008 global financial crisis (GFC) on the effects of capital, liquidity and efficiency on banks’ performance.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper adopts a spatial panel model and collects data across 90 EEs.

Findings

The study shows that a surge in efficiency and liquidity improves bank performance. In addition, banks that finance credit creation primarily with core deposits perform better. Also, banks in EEs responded to the GFC. The findings show that banks in EEs respond to global events emanating from the developed economies. This indicates that EEs banks are relatively integrated with banks in developed markets.

Originality/value

Improvement in profit efficiency and effective liquidity and capital risk management enhance the performance of EEs banks.
Transformational marketing and transformational travel
Authors: Martins Marco , Santos Lara
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This research seeks to understand if transformational marketing can be used as a tool that helps destinations to create products that can be individually, or group tailored to result in an enjoyable way to gain self-awareness, spiritual experience and an expansion of consciousness.

Design/methodology/approach

This article is exploratory and with it, one intended to raise questions and hypotheses aiming to broaden the discussion scope on transformational marketing as a tool to create products that can not only conquer transformational travelers, but that also helps creating the conditions to expand this niche.

Findings

One suggests that destinations' that adopt transformational marketing as a tool will gain not only an advantage over their competitors, but will also, create the conditions for a more sustainable and responsible tourism development. Therefore, destinations that implement transformational marketing-based strategies will see tourism become a catalyst for environmental, social, cultural and economic regeneration.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to research on transformational tourism and transformational marketing pointing out some possible paths to be explored. More broadly, this research provides some valuable insights into the future of tourism destinations' marketing and development dimensions.
Yarn porosity and its relationship with the dyeing behavior
Authors: Yousfani Sheraz Hussain Siddique Hussain , Farooq Salma , Mohtashim Quratulain , Gong Hugh
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Porosity is one of the most important properties of the textile substrate. It can influence the comfort of a garment by affecting its breathability and thermal conductivity. During the process of dyeing, the dye liquor comes in contact with the substrate; the absorption of the dye liquor into the substrate will be dependent on its porosity. The concept of porosity between the yarns of fabric is a common phenomenon; however, the porosity between the fibres in the yarn can also influence the dyeing behaviour of the fabric.

Design/methodology/approach

In this research, ring and rotor yarns of 25/s and 30/s counts are considered as textile substrates. The porosity of yarns was determined theoretically and experimentally using the image analysis method.

Findings

It was found that theoretical porosity is independent of the yarn manufacturing method. In addition, 30/s yarn was more porous as compared with 25/s yarn having a higher pore area. Rotor yarns had higher porosity, dye fixation and K/S as compared with ring yarns. Dyeing behaviour was also dependent on the count of yarn. Specifically, 30/s yarns have higher dye fixation as compared with 25/s yarns. However, 25/s yarns were dyed with deeper shades showing higher K/S values. Also, 25/s yarns are coarser than 30/s yarns having higher diameters and cross-sectional area, thus resulting in deeper shades and higher K/S values.

Originality/value

This novel technique is based on the comparative study of the porosity of various types of yarns using the image analysis technique. This investigation shows that the porosity between the fibres in the yarn can also influence the dyeing behaviour of the yarn.
Quantifying within‐species trait variation in space and time reveals limits to trait‐mediated drought response
Authors: Kerr Kelly L. , Anderegg Leander D. L. , Zenes Nicole , Anderegg William R. L.
Published: June 2022

Climate change is stressing many forests around the globe, yet some tree species may be able to persist through acclimation and adaptation to new environmental conditions. The ability of a tree to acclimate during its lifetime through changes in physiology and functional traits, defined here as its acclimation potential, is not well known.

We investigated the acclimation potential of trembling aspenPopulus tremuloidesand ponderosa pinePinus ponderosatrees by examining within‐species variation in drought response functional traits across both space and time, and how trait variation influences drought‐induced tree mortality. We measured xylem tension, morphological traits and physiological traits on mature trees in southwestern Colorado, USA across a climate gradient that spanned the distribution limits of each species and 3 years with large differences in climate.

Trembling aspen functional traits showed high within‐species variation, and osmotic adjustment and carbon isotope discrimination were key determinants for increased drought tolerance in dry sites and in dry years. However, trembling aspen trees at low elevation were pushed past their drought tolerance limit during the severe 2018 drought year, as elevated mortality occurred. Higher specific leaf area during drought was correlated with higher percentages of canopy dieback the following year. Ponderosa pine functional traits showed less within‐species variation, though osmotic adjustment was also a key mechanism for increased drought tolerance. Remarkably, almost all traits varied more year‐to‐year than across elevation in both species.

Our results shed light on the scope and limits of intraspecific trait variation for mediating drought responses in key southwestern US tree species and will help improve our ability to model and predict forest responses to climate change.

Read the freePlain Language Summaryfor this article on the Journal blog.
Masting increases seedling recruitment near and far: Predator satiation and improved dispersal in a fleshy‐fruited tree
Authors: Seget Barbara , Bogdziewicz Michał , Holeksa Jan , Ledwoń Mateusz , Piechnik Łukasz , Milne‐Rostkowska Fiona , Kondrat Katarzyna , Żywiec Magdalena
Published: June 2022

The animal dispersal hypothesis predicts that mast seeding can increase dispersal rate of seeds by dispersers and enhance reproductive success of plants. However, in contrast to pollination efficiency and predator satiation hypothesis, the animal dispersal hypothesis has received mixed support.

Using 12‐year data on fruit production and seedling recruitment of a fleshy‐fruited tree rowan (Sorbus aucuparia, Rosaceae), we tested if an increase in the fruit production at the population level results in higher proportion of fruits recruiting into seedlings. Recruitment was recorded near (under rowans) and far (under heterospecifics) from conspecifics. Higher recruitment rates under rowans would support predator satiation hypothesis. Higher recruitment rates under heterospecific trees, where fruits can only arrive with animal assistance, would support animal dispersal hypothesis.

High population‐level fruit production increased the proportion of fruits recruiting into seedlings both near and far from rowans. In contrast, high individual‐level fruit production did not have a positive effect on the proportion of fruits recruiting into seedlings.

Synthesis. Population‐level synchronisation of fruit production is required to generate a more effective plant regeneration. Our findings show that masting enhances seedling recruitment through predator satiation and increased seed dispersal by frugivores. The results provide support for both animal dispersal and predator satiation hypotheses indicating that both mechanisms can operate simultaneously.
The value of spatial experience and group size for ant colonies in direct competition
Authors: Subach Aziz , Avidov Bar , Dorfman Arik , Bega Darar , Gilad Tomer , Kvetny Mark , Reshef May Hershkovitz , Foitzik Susanne , Scharf Inon
Published: June 2022

Animals often search for food more efficiently with experience. However, the contribution of experience to foraging success under direct competition has rarely been examined. Here we used colonies of an individually foraging desert ant to investigate the value of spatial experience. First, we trained worker groups of equal numbers to solve either a complex or a simple maze. We then tested pairs of both groups against one another in reaching a food reward. This task required solving the same complex maze that one of the groups had been trained in, to determine which group would exploit better the food reward. The worker groups previously trained in the complex mazes reached the food reward faster and more of these workers fed on the food than those trained in simple mazes, but only in the intermediate size group. To determine the relative importance of group size versus spatial experience in exploiting food patches, we then tested smaller trained worker groups against larger untrained ones. The larger groups outcompeted the smaller ones, despite the latter's advantage of spatial experience. The contribution of spatial experience, as found here, appears to be small, and depends on group size: an advantage of a few workers of the untrained group over the trained group negates its benefits.
Playing games with the weather: A card game method for engaging households in conversations about renewable energy generation and everyday practice
Authors: Martin Rex , Strengers Yolande
Published: June 2022

This article examines the potential of a novel card game method designed to provide insights into connections between mundane everyday practices and renewable energy generation. The method was developed as part of an ethnographic project exploring Australian householders’ experiences of weather and climate and evaluating their impacts on everyday practices and localised energy production. The card game drew inspiration from other similar methods and exemplifies intentional underdesign. Such design describes deliberately unrefined research methods meant to provoke participant engagement and playfulness because they are incomplete, irrelevant, or inadequate and thereby draw out tacit and unexamined lay expertise. Examples from the project reported in the article show how the card game method facilitated conversations revealing how weather knowledge and understandings inform awareness of renewable energy availability and practices that depend on it. We conclude that the card game method can help researchers explore relationships that exist across weather, energy, and practice. We also propose other areas where this method and intentional underdesign could generate more productive insights for geographers and others in allied disciplines.
A novel perspective of Australian primary care dietetics: Insights from an exploratory study using complex adaptive systems theory
Authors: Kirkegaard Amy , Ball Lauren , Mitchell Lana , Williams Lauren T.
Published: June 2022

Aims

Effective quality improvement strategies are essential to enhancing outcomes of dietetic care. Interventions informed by complex adaptive systems theory have demonstrated effectiveness in other healthcare settings. This study aimed to explore primary care dietetics practice using complex adaptive systems theory and to identify factors that individuals across the healthcare system can examine and address to improve the quality of dietetic care.

Methods

Qualitative analysis of semi‐structured interviews of healthcare consumers and professionals involved in the provision of dietetic care. Data collection and analysis was guided by a complexity‐informed conceptual framework. The Framework Method was used to code transcripts and identify themes describing primary care dietetics.

Results

Twenty‐three consumers and 26 primary care professionals participated. Participants described dietetic care as being delivered by individuals organised into formal and informal systems that were influenced by the wider environment, including legal, economic, and socio‐cultural systems. Dietitians described interactions with consumers as a learning opportunity and sought education, mentoring, or supervision to address knowledge and skill gaps. Relationships underpinned transfer of information between individuals.

Conclusion

Complex adaptive systems theory proved to be a useful conceptual framework for primary care dietetics. Factors identified at the macro (e.g., funding), meso (e.g., professional networks), and micro (e.g., consumer education) levels should be examined and addressed to improve the quality of dietetic care.
How have temporary Medicare telehealth item numbers impacted the use of dietetics services in primary care settings?
Authors: Kelly Jaimon T. , Ahmadvand Alireza , Snoswell Centaine , Ball Lauren
Published: June 2022

Aim

The aim of the study was to describe the quantity and cost of in‐person and telehealth dietetics services reimbursed under Australia's Medicare Benefits Scheme, before and during the coronavirus pandemic.

Methods

Publicly available Medicare Benefits Scheme dietetics service activity data were extracted from an online database, between January 2019 and June 2021. For allied health telehealth items, it was assumed that between 10% and 20% of all consults were dietetic related.

Results

Dietetics service claims reimbursed through the Medicare Benefits Scheme averaged 115 thousand per quarter in 2019. In quarter 2 of 2020, service delivery dropped by 25% compared to quarter 1 of 2020 and 32% compared to 2019. This drop recovered in quarters 3 and 4, with dietetic consultations claimed through the Medicare Benefits Scheme remaining relatively comparable to 2019 data. Dietetics services cost AUD 5,868,021 in quarter 1 2019 and AUD 5,742,632 in quarter 1 2020. Since the introduction of allied health telehealth items, the number of consultations claimed per quarter has accounted for between 17.7% (quarter 2 2020) and 4.5% (quarter 2 2021) of all consultations per quarter.

Conclusions

The provision and costs of dietetics services in Australia have remained relatively constant compared to 2019 data, indicating telehealth was being used for substitutive rather than additive care, apart from an initial reduction of 25% between March and June 2020. The introduction of telehealth items for dietitians has been modest, peaking at 17.7% and now consistently averaging 5% of total dietetics services. The permanent implementation of telehealth items is unlikely to cause significant increases in cost or access and will assist Australians to eat better to support improved chronic disease outcomes.
Predicting Near‐Term Effects of Climate Change on Nitrogen Transport to Chesapeake Bay
Authors: Ator Scott , Schwarz Gregory E. , Sekellick Andrew J. , Bhatt Gopal
Published: June 2022

Understanding effects of climate change on nitrogen fate and transport in the environment is critical to nutrient management. We used climate projections within a previously calibrated spatially referenced regression (SPARROW) model to predict effects of expected climate change over 1995 through 2025 on total nitrogen fluxes to Chesapeake Bay and in watershed streams. Assuming nitrogen inputs and other watershed conditions remain at 2012 levels, effects of increasing temperature, runoff, streamflow, and stream velocity expected between 1995 and 2025 will include an estimated net 6.5% decline in annual nitrogen delivery to the bay from its watershed. This predicted decline is attributable to declines in the delivery of nitrogen from upland nonpoint sources to streams due to predicted warmer temperatures. Such temperature‐driven declines in the delivery of nitrogen to streams more than offset predicted increased delivery to and within streams due to increased runoff and streamflow and may be attributable to increasing rates of denitrification or ammonia volatilization or to changes in plant phenology. Predicted climate‐driven declines in nitrogen flux are generally similar across the watershed but vary slightly among major nonpoint source sectors and tributary watersheds. Nitrogen contributions to the bay from point sources are not affected by temperature‐driven changes in delivery from uplands and are therefore predicted to increase slightly between 1995 and 2025.
Understanding transient technology use among smallholder farmers in Africa: A dynamic programming approach
Authors: Chen Maolong , Hu Chaoran , Myers Robert J.
Published: June 2022

This article studies the causes and effects of transient use of agricultural technology. Most existing studies have assumed that adoption of modern technology is irreversible, and widely ignored the switching between technologies that is often observed in practice. To more fully understand the pattern of agricultural technology adoption, this article takes switching behavior into account and develops a dynamic switching model to analyze transient technology use. The conceptual model is then calibrated and simulated using dynamic programming, and numerical results show that relative profitability, switching costs, and farmer's foresight are important influences on the pattern of transient technology use. Switching costs play a key role in preventing farmers from adopting new technologies, even when they appear otherwise profitable, and can cause farmers to switch back to traditional technologies, even when the move appears otherwise irrational. Also, smallholder farmers, differentiated based on their perception of switching costs and future economic conditions, exhibit heterogeneous decision rules and adoption patterns. Therefore, policies targeted at increasing technology adoption will be more effective if they differentiate specific types of farmers.
The association of socioeconomic deprivation with access and survival after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in New Zealand
Authors: Belyaev Andrei M. , Lewis Clinton , Doocey Richard , Bergin Colleen J.
Published: June 2022

Background

Socioeconomic deprivation (SED) is a risk factor for reduced survival of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. This study aimed to evaluate access and long‐term survival of HSCT recipients.

Methods

This was a hospital HSCT Registry‐based retrospective cohort study. Patients who underwent HSCT from January 2010 to June 2020 were identified. HSCT recipients younger than 16 years of age, patients who reported their residential address as a post office box or the Department of Corrections, and those who left the country after HSCT were excluded from the study. HSCT recipients with the 2018 New Zealand deprivation index (NZDep2018) deciles 8, 9, and 10 were assigned to the higher SED group and those with NZDep2018 deciles from 1 to 7 were allocated to the lower SED group. The total number of New Zealanders in the higher and lower SED strata was obtained from the 2018 Census.

Results

Eight hundred fifty‐one HSCT recipients met the eligibility criteria. HSCT recipients from the higher and lower SED strata of the New Zealand population had similar access to HSCT (odds ratio = .9; 95% confidence interval (CI): .77–1.04; p = .155). Mortality in the higher and lower SED groups of HSCT recipients was 9.6/100 person‐years (95% CI: 7.7–12/100 person‐years) and 8.1/100 person‐years (95% CI: 6.9–9.4/100 person‐years), respectively. The mortality ratio was 1.2 (95% CI: .9–1.6), p = .098. Both groups had similar survival.

Conclusion

New Zealand residents from the higher and lower SED strata have similar access to HSCT. SED is not associated with reduced survival in adult HSCT recipients.
Current status and temporal trend of disease burden of thyroid cancer in China from 1990 to 2019
Authors: Zhang Meng‐Ni , Liang Xiao‐Yu , Li Mao‐Ting , Zhi Xin‐Yue , Yan Qiu‐Yu , Zhu Hong , Xie Juan
Published: June 2022

Objective

Thyroid cancer has been an increasingly high‐profile public health issue. Comprehensive assessment for its disease burden seems particularly important for understanding health priorities and hinting high‐risk populations.

Methods

We estimated the age‐sex‐specific thyroid cancer burden and its temporal trend in China from 1990 to 2019 by following the general methods from the global burden of disease (GBDs) 2019 Study. And Joinpoint regression model, the Cox‐Stuart trend test, and Cochran‐Armitage test were applied for the analysis of temporal and age trend. The Mantel‐Haenszel statistical method was used to compare the gender difference.

Results

From 1990 to 2019, the age‐standardized incidence rate of thyroid cancer in China has almost doubled to 2.05 per 100,000. Although the mortality rate and DALY rate kept leveling off, they presented a downtrend among females, while an upward trend in males. While the average annual percentage changes of those metrics all became deline since 2010 than the previous years. With age advancing, the rates of incidence, mortality, and DALYs for both sexes all presented linear fashion increases, which was particularly typical among males.

Conclusion

Given the serious trend and gender‐age heterogeneity of Chinese thyroid cancer burden, male gender and advanced age may be related to poor prognosis of thyroid cancer, and strengthening primary prevention and exploring the underlying risk factors should be among the top priorities.
Timing and temporal trends of influenza and pertussis vaccinations during pregnancy in three Australian jurisdictions: The Links2HealthierBubs population‐based linked cohort study, 2012–2017
Authors: Mchugh Lisa , Van Buynder Paul , Sarna Mohinder , Andrews Ross M. , Moore Hannah C. , Binks Michael J. , Pereira Gavin , Blyth Christopher C. , Lust Karin , Foo Damien , Regan Annette K.
Published: June 2022

Background

Antenatal inactivated influenza (IIV) and pertussis‐containing vaccines (dTpa) offer protection against severe respiratory infections for pregnant women and infants <6 months of age. Both vaccines are recommended in pregnancy; however, little is known about temporal or jurisdictional trends and predictors of uptake.

Aims

To identify gaps and predictors of IIV and/or dTpa vaccinations in Australian pregnancies from 2012 to 2017.

Materials and Methods

We conducted a probabilistically linked, multi‐jurisdictional population‐based cohort study, drawing from perinatal data collections and immunisation databases. We used a generalised linear mixed model with a random effect term to account for clustering of multiple pregnancies within mothers, to calculate vaccination uptake, and identify predictors of uptake by maternal demographic, pregnancy, and health characteristics.

Results

Of 591 868 unique pregnancies, IIV uptake was 15%, dTpa 27% and 12% received both vaccines. Pertussis vaccinations in First Nations pregnancies were 20% lower than non‐Indigenous pregnancies; dTpa was strongly associated with IIV uptake (risk ratio (RR): 8.60, 95% CI 8.48–8.73). This trend was temporally and jurisdictionally consistent. First Nations women were more likely to have had IIV in pregnancy before the introduction of dTpa in the pregnancy program: (RR: 1.48, 95% CI 1.40–1.57), but less likely after dTpa implementation (RR: 0.78, 95% CI 0.76–0.80).

Conclusions

Inequity in vaccine uptake between First Nations and non‐Indigenous pregnancies, and dismal rates of vaccination in pregnancy overall need urgent review, particularly before the next influenza pandemic or pertussis outbreak. If antenatal dTpa is driving IIV uptake, changes in antenatal healthcare practices are needed to ensure vaccines are offered equitably and optimally to protect against infection.
Population pharmacokinetics of cabotegravir following administration of oral tablet and long‐acting intramuscular injection in adult HIV‐1‐infected and uninfected subjects
Authors: Han Kelong , Baker Mark , Lovern Mark , Paul Prokash , Xiong Yuan , Patel Parul , Moore Katy P. , Seal Ciara S. , Cutrell Amy G. , D'Amico Ronald D. , Benn Paul D. , Landovitz Raphael J. , Marzinke Mark A. , Spreen William R. , Ford Susan L.
Published: June 2022

Aim

To characterize cabotegravir population pharmacokinetics using data from phase 1, 2 and 3 studies and evaluate the association of intrinsic and extrinsic factors with pharmacokinetic variability.

Methods

Analyses were implemented in NONMEM and R. Concentrations below the quantitation limit were modelled with likelihood‐based approaches. Covariate relationships were evaluated using forward addition (P < .01) and backward elimination (P < .001) approaches. The impact of each covariate on trough and peak concentrations was evaluated through simulations. External validation was performed using prediction‐corrected visual predictive checks.

Results

The model‐building dataset included 23 926 plasma concentrations from 1647 adult HIV‐1‐infected (72%) and uninfected (28%) subjects in 16 studies at seven dose levels (oral 10‐60 mg, long‐acting [LA] intramuscular injection 200‐800 mg). A two‐compartment model with first‐order oral and LA absorption and elimination adequately described the data. Clearances and volumes were scaled to body weight. Estimated relative bioavailability of oral to LA was 75.6%. Race and age were not significant covariates. LA absorption rate constant (KALA) was 50.9% lower in females and 47.8% higher if the LA dose was given as two split injections. KALA decreased with increasing BMI and decreasing needle length. Clearance was 17.4% higher in current smokers. The impact of any covariate was ≤32% on trough and peak concentrations following LA administration. The final model adequately predicted 5097 plasma concentrations from 647 subjects who were not included in the model‐building dataset.

Conclusions

A cabotegravir population pharmacokinetic model was developed that can be used to inform dosing strategies and future study design. No dose adjustment based on subject covariates is recommended.
Infrastructure, smart cities and the knowledge economy: Lessons for policymakers from the Toronto Quayside project
Authors: Haggart Blayne , Spicer Zachary
Published: June 2022

Sidewalk Labs' Quayside project in Toronto demonstrates how information technologies are shaping cities' core governance functions. This article focuses on the rules governing decisions to collect, use and disseminate data in data‐intensive urban‐infrastructure projects. We propose a methodological framework grounded in the multidisciplinary literature on data governance and apply it to the Quayside project, demonstrating how Waterfront Toronto's failure to ask basic questions at the project's outset forced it into retroactive improvisations that allowed Sidewalk Labs to lead and propose data‐governance policies primarily in the company's economic interests. We offer recommendations for how cities and other public entities can avoid such mistakes and better analyze knowledge‐intensive infrastructure projects.
An antiracist, anticolonial agenda for urban greening and conservation
Authors: Mullenbach Lauren E. , Breyer Betsy , Cutts Bethany B. , Rivers Louie , Larson Lincoln R.
Published: June 2022

Productive discourse regarding the role of racism and colonialism in conservation is growing but still limited. Inadequate recognition of these powerful forces has significantly impeded socially just conservation efforts. This paper integrates multiple disciplinary perspectives to discuss historical conservation practices in the United States and abroad to reveal challenges with moving beyond traditional approaches to conservation that perpetuate systemic racism and colonialism. Using urban greening (e.g., tree planting) in the United States as an example, we show how these challenges manifest as White ideals of nature, power disparities, and displacement and exclusion. We then put forth an agenda for antiracist, anticolonial urban conservation and urban greening. This agenda uses the tripartite environmental justice framework (i.e., distributional, recognition, and procedural justice) as a starting point, integrating and adapting more critical views of contemporary environmental justice to highlight specific policies and practices that can be applied to many conservation problems.
Evidence of deterrence from patrol data: Trialling application of a differenced‐CPUE metric
Authors: Dancer Anthony , Keane Aidan , Beale Colin M. , Dobson Andrew D. M. , Amin Rajan , Freeman Robin , Imong Inaoyom , Jones Kate , Linkie Matthew , Long Barney , Okeke Francis O. , Plumptre Andrew J. , Rowcliffe J. Marcus , Stokes Emma J. , van der Westhuizen Elsabé , Collen Ben
Published: June 2022

Ranger‐led law enforcement patrols are the primary, site‐level response to – and the most common source of data on – illegal activity threatening wildlife in protected areas. Yet evidence that patrols effectively deter rule‐breaking is limited, and common management metrics for evaluating deterrence, which use ranger‐collected data, are particularly vulnerable to bias. “Differenced plots” (of the association between change in patrol effort and subsequent change in illegal activity) were recently proposed as a simple, new metric for deterrence, which, in tests with simulated patrol data, were more robust than the common alternatives. Here, we trial application of differenced plots to real patrol data collected in four protected areas, and explore methods for applying the metric in practice, using two indicators of rule‐breaking: snares, and people. We find evidence which is consistent with deterrence in some but not all sites, over shorter timescales than observed hitherto: increases in patrol effort were associated with subsequent reductions in snaring in one site, and in the presence of people in two sites. However, whether pressure on wildlife had been reduced or merely displaced was unclear from differenced plots, nor could the metric confirm absence of deterrence, raising questions for future applications. Our findings suggest differenced plots can be a useful metric, particularly for exploring variation in deterrence within sites, but should be applied and interpreted with care, and further work is urgently needed to determine whether and how patrols deter illegal activity, and to evaluate the effect reliably.
Survival and risk of vascular complications in myelofibrosis—A population‐based study from the Swedish MPN group
Authors: Lindgren Marie , Andréasson Björn , Samuelsson Jan , Pettersson Helna , Enblom‐Larsson Anneli , Ravn‐Landtblom Anna , Scheding Stefan , Bentham Carolina , Ahlstrand Erik
Published: June 2022

Objective

To gain knowledge of underlying risk factors for vascular complications and their impact on life expectancy in myelofibrosis.

Methods

From a cohort of 392 myelofibrosis patients registered in the Swedish MPN registry 58 patients with vascular complications during follow‐up were identified. Patients with vascular complications were compared with both 1:1 matched controls and the entire myelofibrosis cohort to explore potential risk factors for vascular complications and their impact on survival.

Results

Incidence of vascular complications was 2.8 events per 100 patient‐years and the majority of complications were thrombotic. Patients with complications were significantly older and had lower hemoglobin when compared to the entire cohort. In the case–control analysis, no significant risk factor differences were observed. The major cause of death was vascular complications and median survival was significantly impaired in patients with vascular complications (48 months) compared to controls (92 months). Inferior survival in patients with vascular complications was found to be dependent on IPSS risk category in a Cox regression model.

Conclusion

Vascular complications have a considerable impact on survival in MF. At diagnosis, risk assessment by IPSS does not only predict survival but is also associated with the risk of vascular complications.
Review of two viral agents of economic importance to the equine industry (equine herpesvirus‐1, and equine arteritis virus)
Authors: Mahmoud Hassan Y. A. H. , Fouad Samer S. , Amin Yahia A.
Published: June 2022

Equine herpesvirus type‐1 (EHV‐1) and equine arteritis virus (EAV) are infectious agents that cause serious health risks to horse populations and are disbursed worldwide, which can lead to significant financial losses. In addition to being responsible for abortion and neonatal death, these viruses are associated with respiratory illness. Although previous research and reviews have been written on these viruses, both viruses still affect horse populations around the world and the vaccines currently available are not completely protective, especially against EHV‐1 and equine herpes myeloencephalopathy (EHM). Moreover, EAV is considered a threat to the $102 billion equine industry in the United States. As a result, these viruses represent a huge threat to the horse industry and efforts geared towards preventing the outbreak of the disease are strongly encouraged. For this reason, updates about these viruses are necessary and require more and more discussion on the nature and characteristics of these viruses to know how to overcome them. Prevention and control of abortion and neonatal foal death caused by each of the two viruses depend on appropriate management strategies coupled with prophylactic vaccination. This review presents the latest detailed information on EHV‐1 and EAV from several aspects such as transmission, clinical signs, pathogenesis, latest developments on the treatment of the diseases, vaccination, and finally challenges and future perspectives. The information presented herein will be useful in understanding EHV‐1 and EAV and formulating policies that can help to limit the spread of these viruses within horse populations.
Married to Monet: Alternatives for complex asset division in the modern age of matrimony
Authors: Doty Elizabeth
Published: June 2022

Divorce proceedings can be arduous and emotional actions when it comes time to divide unique, complex marital property. The difficulty often lies in parties’ inability to compromise on value and distribution methods which leave the court with no recourse other than liquidation. However, liquidation rarely maintains equity between parties due to inconsistent valuation techniques and procedures. This Note proposes alternative considerations for drafting prenuptial agreements and arbitration clauses which will allow parties to address and anticipate potential conflicts regarding complex assets prior to the matter arising in court. Thus, parties may be better equipped with the legal tools necessary to dispel ambiguity in the division process and, ultimately, attempt to approach equity.
Crystal structure of a family VIII β‐lactamase fold hydrolase reveals the molecular mechanism for its broad substrate scope
Authors: Cea‐Rama Isabel , Coscolín Cristina , Gonzalez‐Alfonso Jose L. , Raj Jog , Vasiljević Marko , Plou Francisco J. , Ferrer Manuel , Sanz‐Aparicio Julia
Published: June 2022

Family VIII esterases present similarities to class C β‐lactamases, which show nucleophilic serines located at the S‐X‐X‐K motif instead of the G‐X‐S‐X‐G or G‐D‐S‐(L) motif shown by other carboxylesterase families. Here, we report the crystal structure of a novel family VIII (subfamily VIII. I) esterase (EH7; denaturing temperature, 52.6 ± 0.3 °C; pH optimum 7.0–9.0) to deepen its broad substrate range. Indeed, the analysis of the substrate specificity revealed its capacity to hydrolyse nitrocefin as a model chromogenic cephalosporin substrate (40.4 ± 11.4 units·g−1), and a large battery of 66 structurally different esters (up to 1730 min−1), including bis(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐terephthalate (241.7 ± 8.5 units·g−1) and the mycotoxin T‐2 (1220 ± 52 units·g−1). It also showed acyltransferase activity through the synthesis of benzyl 3‐oxobutanoate (40.4 ± 11.4 units·g−1) from benzyl alcohol and vinyl acetoacetate. Such a broad substrate scope is rare among family VIII esterases and lipolytic enzymes. Structural analyses of free and substrate‐bound forms of this homooctamer esterase suggest that EH7 presents a more opened and exposed S1 site having no steric hindrance for the entrance of substrates to the active site, more flexible R1, R2 and R3 regions allowing for the binding of a wide spectrum of substrates into the active site, and small residues in the conserved motif Y‐X‐X containing the catalytic Tyr enabling the entrance of large substrates. These unique structural elements in combination with docking experiments allowed us to gain valuable insights into the substrate specificity of this esterase and possible others belonging to family VIII.
The generalized cash balance problem: optimization‐based one step ahead optimal control
Authors: Bhaya Amit , Kaszkurewicz Eugenius
Published: June 2022

This paper generalizes the Sethi–Thompson model of cash balance dynamics to the case of multiple current and investment accounts, with the cash flows or demands incident on the current accounts. Cash transfers can occur between any pair of current–current or current–investment accounts, with transaction costs proportional to the amount transferred, always deducted from current accounts. Performance indices are defined and maximization of an index for the next instant (day), by suitable choice of cash transfers that satisfy desired constraints on account balances, defines the basic optimal control problem referred to as one step ahead optimal control. It is shown that this one step ahead optimal control can be written as a mixed integer linear program of small size, leading to an implementable real time strategy for the generalized cash balance problem. In addition, for the simple case of a single cash and investment account, the proposed strategy is derived analytically and compared with a strategy of Miller–Orr type, called a three‐level strategy. Omniscient optimal control over a horizon is defined as the globally optimal control strategy, assuming the demands over the entire horizon to be known: although computable a posteriori, it is not implementable a priori, and only serves as a benchmark for comparison. The proposed one step ahead optimal or myopic approach makes no assumptions about the distribution of cash demands, and examples show that it attains performance indices which are superior to those attained by three‐level control strategies, and compare favorably with the omniscient benchmark performance indices.
The effect of psychological interventions on fear of cancer recurrence in breast cancer survivors: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lyu Meng‐Meng , Siah Rosalind Chiew‐Jiat , Lam Alekzendr Sheen Loong , Cheng Karis Kin Fong
Published: June 2022

Aim

To evaluate the effectiveness of psychological interventions in reducing fear of cancer recurrence in breast cancer survivors.

Design

A systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Data Sources

PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, Scopus, PsycINFO, Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for relevant studies published from 1 January 1976 to 28 November 2020.

Methods

Eligible randomized controlled trials on psychological interventions for reducing fear of cancer recurrence in breast cancer survivors were included in meta‐analysis. Review Manager 5.4 was used to conduct the meta‐analysis, and the fear of cancer recurrence score was calculated by using standardized mean differences and 95% confidence intervals. Risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool. Quality of evidence, sensitivity analyses, and subgroup analyses were also conducted.

Results

This systematic review included 16 randomized controlled trials. We found psychological interventions significantly reduced fear of cancer recurrence. Subgroup analyses indicated that mindfulness and acceptance therapy‐based interventions reduced fear of cancer recurrence, whereas cognitive‐behavioural therapy combined with psychoeducation did not. Interventions with three to eight sessions were effective, while interventions with nine or more sessions were not. Face‐to‐face interventions were effective, whereas online interventions were not. The quality of evidence for fear of cancer recurrence was evaluated as moderate due to moderate heterogeneity in the included studies.

Conclusions

Psychological interventions were effective in reducing fear of cancer recurrence in breast cancer survivors. Mindfulness and acceptance therapy‐based interventions and short‐term interventions are recommended. Future well‐designed randomized controlled trials aiming to examine the effectiveness of psychological interventions in reducing fear of cancer recurrence are needed.

Impact

The findings of this systematic review may guide the development of psychological interventions and encourage the use of psychological interventions for reducing fear of cancer recurrence in breast cancer survivors.
Bank systemic risk: An analysis of the sovereign rating ceiling policy and rating downgrades
Authors: Wasi Md Abdul , Pham Thu Phuong , Zurbruegg Ralf
Published: June 2022

We investigate the impact that the sovereign ceiling policy has on financial stability. In the event of a sovereign rating downgrade, we find that the rating agencies' sovereign ceiling policy leads to a disproportionate downgrade of the most creditworthy financial institutions in the economy and results in increased systemic risk. This asymmetric variation in bank ratings also impairs equity growth that further exacerbates bank insolvency. Our results are robust to several matching techniques, such as propensity score matching and entropy balancing, falsification tests, subsample analyses, alternative empirical proxies and model specifications.
Latent Space Model for Process Data
Authors: Chen Yi , Zhang Jingru , Yang Yi , Lee Young‐Sun
Published: June 2022

The development of human‐computer interactive items in educational assessments provides opportunities to extract useful process information for problem‐solving. However, the complex, intensive, and noisy nature of process data makes it challenging to model with the traditional psychometric methods. Social network methods have been applied to visualize and analyze process data. Nonetheless, research about statistical modeling of process information using social network methods is still limited. This article explored the application of the latent space model (LSM) for analyzing process data in educational assessment. The adjacent matrix of transitions between actions was created based on the weighted and directed network of action sequences and related auxiliary information. Then, the adjacent matrix was modeled with LSM to identify the lower‐dimensional latent positions of actions. Three applications based on the results from LSM were introduced: action clustering, error analysis, and performance measurement. The simulation study showed that LSM can cluster actions from the same problem‐solving strategy and measure students’ performance by comparing their action sequences with the optimal strategy. Finally, we analyzed the empirical data from PISA 2012 as a real case scenario to illustrate how to use LSM.