bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fund characteristics immunity to COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from Thailand
Authors:   , Thanomsakul Primporn
Published: May 2024

This research investigates the relationship between COVID-19 growth rates and the performance of Thai equity funds during the pandemic. Focusing on weeks with substantial increases in COVID-19 cases, we hypothesize that negative returns primarily originate from these weeks. We acknowledge the pandemic's impact as a black swan event, instilling fear and uncertainty, and its demonstrated negative effect on fund returns. Moreover, our research aims to identify the fund characteristics that have provided resilience and immunity to the negative effects of the crisis. Using a panel data regression with a fixed effect model, we analyze various fund characteristics and their impact on performance. The dataset covers the initial and peak periods of the pandemic in Thailand from March 2020 to October 2021, and performance is evaluated using three metrics: excess risk-free return, Sharpe ratio, and Jensen's alpha.
              The findings reveal a negative relationship between COVID-19 growth rates and domestic equity fund performance. Specifically, extreme growth cases have a significant detrimental effect on fund performance. However, certain fund characteristics, such as equity large-cap funds and fund age, demonstrate resilience and positive performance during the pandemic. The research contributes to our understanding of how fund characteristics and COVID-19 growth rates interact to influence performance. It provides valuable insights for investors and fund managers in fund selection and management strategies during challenging market conditions.
The effect of capital ratio on risk, efficiency and profitability of insurance companies: evidence from Singapore and Thailand
Authors:   , Limvisitsakul Supanuch
Published: May 2024

This research study examines the importance of capital ratios in assessing the financial health of insurance companies in the context of Singapore and Thailand. The primary objective is to investigate the extent to which capital ratios provide informative insights into the risk, efficiency, and profitability of insurance companies. The study covers both life and non-life insurance companies during the period from 2017 to 2021.
The findings show that higher capital ratios correspond to lower liquidity risk, improved efficiency, and increased profitability. These results emphasize the importance of maintaining adequate capital reserves to ensure financial stability and enhance operational performance in the insurance sector.
In conclusion, risk-based capital ratios not only serve as indicators for solvency but also reflect liquidity risk, efficiency, and profitability. Adequate capital reserves are crucial for the financial stability of insurance companies. This research study expands the understanding of the relationship between capital ratios and performance metrics, providing valuable insights for stakeholders involved in managing and assessing the financial health.
The effect of earning surprise on market reaction at various free float levels: an event study in Thailand
Authors:   , Thongplod Netchanok
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the complex relationship between free float and market reactions to earnings surprises within the context of the Thai stock market, casting light on the role of free float in influencing market efficiency and investor behavior. The study examines the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH), which states that stock prices reflect all available information, making consistent market outperformance difficult. However, it acknowledges that market inefficiencies can occur, with earnings surprises as one possible source. The study investigates how the level of free float or the number of shares available for trading impact the speed and precision of market adjustments to earnings surprises. A limited free float could have an impact on stock prices and market efficiency. This phenomenon is investigated using a sample of Thai stock market data from 2012 to 2019, such as earnings surprise, stock price, and free float levels. Low free float stocks have a significant impact on cumulative abnormal returns following earnings surprises, with a distinct pattern of initial enthusiasm and potential overreactions. In contrast, stocks with a high free float react quickly to negative news, resulting in greater price declines. These findings have considerable implications for market participants and researchers, highlighting the significance of incorporating free float into stock market dynamics analyses. This study provides valuable insights into the interaction between free float, market efficiency, and investor behavior in the context of earnings surprises on the Thai stock market.
Information asymmetry transmissions between futures and spot markets : evidence from Thailand
Authors:   , Pattanapanitchai Supichaya
Published: May 2024

This research investigates the existence of a lead-lag relationship in information asymmetry between Thailand's futures and spot markets. We use the volatility of order imbalance (VOIB) as an indicator of this asymmetry, concentrating on three investor groups: Foreign Investors (FI), Local Institutions (LS), and Local Investors (LI). Data from TFEX and SET, covering January 2017 to December 2022, was analyzed to identify trading patterns of these investor types. Using vector autoregression (VAR), we examined the connection between variables in the futures and spot markets. We also evaluated the impact of shocks in one market on the other using impulse response functions and variance decomposition.

Our findings showed that local institutional and local investors in Thailand are more linked with informed trading compared to foreign investors. Local investors often access information early and share it with local institutions in spot market. Furthermore, trading patterns in the futures market significantly influence those in the stock market, particularly among local institutional and local investors. This shows that key information in the futures market gets effectively transferred to the spot market. The findings of this study provided empirical support for our hypotheses, which implied the existence of informed traders who have information and investors tend to adjust their trading activities in the futures market prior to making adjustments in the spot markets
Purchase behavior toward luxury fashion brands during Thailand's economic recovery after the COVID-19 pandemic among generation Y consumers
Authors:   , Palarungsri Jaruwarin
Published: May 2024

The objective of this research is to explore the purchase behavior toward luxury fashion brands among Thai Generation Y consumers during the economic recovery after the COVID-19 pandemic. The research utilized a qualitative approach to gather information from 10 key informants aged 31 to 42, residing in Thailand and spending more than 500,000 Thai baht annually on luxury fashion products. The findings indicate that Thai Gen Y consumers are active followers of economic news and current events, as they consume news on a daily basis and discuss it with their social circle. However, they tend to avoid expressing their opinions or participating in online discussions. They maintain a neutral sentiment toward the current state of the Thai economy, but they are optimistic about its future. Their financial and economic status is better than the previous year, which means that their spending on luxury goods is not substantially affected by the economy. They possess significant purchasing power and are willing to spend more if the product is worth the investment in terms of design and quality. They tend to make impulsive purchases, and they do not require a specific occasion or prior research to shop. Moreover, their motivation to buy is driven by their personal obsessions and desires.
The impact of brand image on customer loyalty toward Haidilao Thailand
Authors:   , Xin Liu
Published: May 2024

The objectives of this research are as followed: to explore Brand image and customer loyalty toward Haidilao Thailand and to investigate the relationship between the two variables. The study collected two hundred fifty-eight participants who is living in Bangkok for at least three months, aged between 20 and 50, and who have dined at Haidilao in the past three months. The findings reveal a positive perception of Haidilao's brand image among respondents (M = 3.89). Notably, functional image received the highest mean score (M = 3.91), closely followed by experiential image (M = 3.91), while symbolic image obtained the lowest mean score (M = 3.83). Additionally, respondents exhibited strong loyalty to Haidilao (M = 3.84), with affective loyalty scoring 3.94, cognitive loyalty at 3.85, conative loyalty at 3.85, and action loyalty at 3.75. Examining the relationship between variables, the research indicates a positive correlation between brand image and customer loyalty (r = 0.518).
การใช้การคิดเชิงออกแบบเพื่อพัฒนาโมไบล์แอปพลิเคชันของธุรกิจให้บริการดูแลสุนัข
Authors:   , เลาหะวรนันท์ จิราภา
Published: May 2024

ปัจจุบันสัตว์เลี้ยงได้เข้ามามีบทบาทในการดำรงชีวิตมากขึ้น เนื่องจากรูปแบบการใช้ชีวิตของมนุษย์แตกต่างจากสมัยก่อน คนนิยมเป็นโสดมากขึ้น บางครอบครัวไม่มีลูก คนส่วนหนึ่งจึงเลือกเลี้ยงสัตว์ไว้เป็นเสมือนลูกเพื่อช่วยเติมเต็มความสุข และด้วยสถานการณ์ที่ได้รับผลพวงจากการระบาดของโควิด-19 ทำให้การเลี้ยงสัตว์ได้รับความนิยมมากขึ้น โดยเฉพาะสุนัขที่มีแนวโน้มมากกว่าสัตว์เลี้ยงประเภทอื่น ๆ จนเกิดเป็นปรากฏการณ์ “Pet Humanization"   ทำให้เกิดบริการใหม่ ๆ เช่นโรงแรมสัตว์เลี้ยงซึ่งให้บริการรับฝากเลี้ยงสัตว์เลี้ยง ธุรกิจดังกล่าวมีแนวโน้มเติบโตขึ้นเรื่อย ๆ ส่งผลให้ผู้ประกอบการต้องปรับตัวอย่างต่อเนื่อง เช่นการเพิ่มช่องทางให้บริการโดยนำเทคโนโลยีเข้ามาช่วย

โดยปกติเวลาที่เจ้าของจะนำสุนัขเข้ามาใช้บริการ จะต้องสอบถามข้อมูลพื้นฐานก่อนทำการจอง เช่นเงื่อนไขการใช้บริการ ราคา เป็นต้น  และอีกเหตุการณ์ที่เกิดขึ้นเสมอคือเจ้าของสัตว์เลี้ยงอยากเห็นความเป็นอยู่ของสุนัขตลอดเวลา การให้พนักงานมาคอยสอดส่องดูแลและตอบคำถามซ้ำเดิมทำให้ความคล่องตัวในการทำงานลดลง ดังนั้นจึงนำเอาหลักการคิดเชิงออกแบบมาช่วยออกแบบและสร้างด้วยเครื่องมือโปรแกรม “Figma" เพื่อพัฒนาระบบต้นแบบที่ช่วยอำนวยความสะดวกในการใช้บริการและการทำงานให้ดียิ่งขึ้น และมีช่องทางเพิ่มรายได้ให้กับธุรกิจมากยิ่งขึ้น
การใช้การคิดเชิงออกแบบเพื่อพัฒนาโมไบล์แอปพลิเคชันของธุรกิจเสริมสวยดิลิเวอรี
Authors:   , จินดามณี ชนกานต์
Published: May 2024

ในปัจจุบันนี้คนส่วนใหญ่ความสำคัญกับภาพลักษณ์ การแต่งหน้าทำผมเป็นสิ่งหนึ่งที่เพิ่มความมั่นใจในการออกงานสังคม ธุรกิจเสริมสวยดิลิเวอรี (Beauty Delivery) หรือธุรกิจเสริมสวยนอกสถานที่ตามความต้องการของลูกค้า เป็นธุรกิจที่เกิดจากการปรับตัวตามความต้องการของลูกค้า ให้ลูกค้าสามารถได้รับบริการแต่งหน้าทำได้โดยไม่ต้องเดินทางไปยังร้านเสริมสวย อำนวยความสะดวกแก่ลูกค้ามากขึ้น ให้บริการที่มีคุณภาพ สร้างภาพลักษณ์ที่ดี เพื่อเพิ่มความมั่นใจให้กับลูกค้าในการออกงานสังคมวันพิเศษที่ต้องการความมั่นใจเป็นพิเศษ จากพฤติกรรมของคนทั้งสองกลุ่มทำให้เกิดโอกาสทางธุรกิจที่จะทำให้ผู้ที่ต้องการใช้บริการแต่งหน้าทำผม และผู้ให้บริการแต่งหน้าทำผมมาพบกันผ่านช่องทางโมไบล์แอปพลิเคชันของธุรกิจเสริมสวยดิลิเวอรี

ในการพัฒนาโมบายแอปพลิเคชันให้มีประสิทธิภาพ และสามารถตอบสนองความต้องการที่แท้จริงของผู้ใช้งานทุกกลุ่ม จำเป็นต้องนำหลักการคิดเชิงออกแบบ หรือ Design Thinking มาช่วยในการทำงานเพื่อช่วยให้เกิดกระบวนการคิดและออกแบบโดยเน้นไปที่การเข้าใจความต้องการของกลุ่มเป้าหมาย และปัญหาที่เกิดขึ้นในปัจจุบัน เพื่อนำมาช่วยเพิ่มประสิทธิภาพในการพัฒนาระบบได้

ระบบต้นแบบของโครงการนี้ถูกสร้างจากเครื่องมือ Figma โดยจะสามารถเป็นระบบต้นแบบโมไบล์แอปพลิเคชันของธุรกิจเสริมสวยดิลิเวอรีที่สามารถใช้งานได้จริง โดยตอบสนองความต้องการของผู้ใช้งานทุกกลุ่มอย่างสูงสุด
การใช้การคิดเชิงออกแบบเพื่อพัฒนาโมไบล์แอปพลิเคชันของธุรกิจแลกเปลี่ยนเสื้อผ้า
Authors:   , ยงบุญเนียม พัทธมน
Published: May 2024

อุตสาหกรรมแฟชั่น เป็นหนึ่งในอุตสาหกรรมที่ใหญ่ที่สุดในโลก มีการผลิตเสื้อผ้าสะสมเพิ่มขึ้น ด้วยกระบวนการผลิตที่ง่าย สามารถผลิตได้เยอะและรวดเร็ว ตอบสนองความต้องการซื้อของผู้บริโภค และหมุนไปตามกระแสแฟชั่นที่เปลี่ยนแปลงอย่างรวดเร็ว การผลิตเสื้อผ้าก่อให้เกิดผลเสียต่อสิ่งแวดล้อมตั้งแต่ต้นกระบวนการจนจบกระบวนการ  นอกจากปัญหาสิ่งแวดล้อมแล้ว ยังมีปัญหาแรงงานที่เกิดขึ้นอีกด้วย หนึ่งในแนวทางการแก้ปัญหา คือ “แฟชั่นหมุนเวียน" การใช้ซ้ำวัตถุดิบเดิม หรือนำเอาวัสดุรีไซเคิลมาเป็นเสื้อผ้าใหม่ การให้เช่า ขายต่อเสื้อผ้า หรือการแลกเปลี่ยนสินค้า เป็นอีกทางออกที่น่าสนใจสำหรับผู้ที่มีเสื้อผ้า เครื่องแต่งกายล้นตู้ เพื่อให้ผู้บริโภคได้นำเสื้อผ้าที่ไม่ได้ใช้งานแล้ว มาเปลี่ยนเป็นสินค้าใหม่ที่เหมาะกับตนเองมากขึ้น และได้นำเสื้อผ้าที่ไม่ได้ใช้งานแล้วมาหมุนเวียนให้เกิดประโยชน์มากยิ่งขึ้น โครงการพิเศษนี้นำหลักการคิดเชิงออกแบบมาใช้ในการวิเคราะห์และออกแบบระบบ เพื่อให้ได้ระบบที่สามารถแก้ไขปัญหาของผู้ใช้งานได้อย่างแท้จริง อีกทั้งยังพัฒนาส่วนติดต่อผู้ใช้งานด้วยเครื่องมือสร้างต้นแบบ เพื่อให้ได้มาซึ่งข้อเสนอแนะและคำแนะนำในการพัฒนาระบบที่เป็นประโยชน์และตรงประเด็น

ระบบต้นแบบที่ได้จากการพัฒนาโครงการนี้จะเป็นแนวทางในการพัฒนาโมไบล์แอปพลิเคชันของธุรกิจแลกเปลี่ยนเสื้อผ้าต่อไป เพื่อช่วยให้เกิดแนวทางที่ยั่งยืนมากขึ้นของวงจรเสื้อผ้า และช่วยเหลือโลกในอีกทางหนึ่ง
การใช้การคิดเชิงออกแบบเพื่อพัฒนาโมไบล์แอปพลิเคชันของธุรกิจโรงเรียนสอนทำเบเกอรี
Authors:   , เชียรโชติ อาทิตยา
Published: May 2024

ธุรกิจโรงเรียนสอนทำเบเกอรีในปัจจุบันมีการแข่งขันสูง จึงต้องมีการพัฒนาการสอนให้มีประสิทธิภาพ ทันสมัย เพื่อรองรับจำนวนผู้เรียนที่ต้องการเข้าเรียนเพิ่มมากขึ้นตามการเติบโตของอุตสาหกรรมเบเกอรี สารนิพนธ์นี้มีวัตถุประสงค์ในการศึกษาการสอนของโรงเรียนสอนทำเบเกอรีเพื่อเสนอแนวทางในการนำเทคโนโลยีมาสนับสนุน ปรับปรุงวิธีการเรียนการสอนให้เข้ากับยุคสมัย โดยการออกแบบและพัฒนาต้นแบบโมไบล์แอปพลิเคชันช่วยสนับสนุนการเรียนการสอนให้มีข้อได้เปรียบเหนือโรงเรียนสอนทำเบเกอรีอื่น ๆ และเป็นการส่งเสริมภาพลักษณ์อีกทางหนึ่ง

โครงการพิเศษนี้นําหลักการคิดเชิงออกแบบมาใช้ในการวิเคราะห์และออกแบบระบบ ผ่านการทําความเข้าใจความต้องการของกลุ่มเป้าหมาย เพื่อให้ได้ระบบที่สามารถแก้ไขปัญหาของผู้ใช้งานได้อย่างแท้จริง แนวคิดเกมิฟิเคชันมาช่วยเสริมด้านการออกแบบเพื่อเพิ่มความน่าสนใจและแรงจูงใจในการใช้งาน นอกจากนี้ยังมีการนำแนวคิดของระบบแนะนำมาใช้ในการค้นหาข้อมูลสูตรเบเกอรีเพื่อให้ผู้เรียนสามารถค้นหาสูตรเบเกอรีตามที่ต้องการ และสอดคล้องกับวิธีการสอบภาคปฏิบัติของโรงเรียนสอนทำเบเกอรี

ระบบต้นแบบที่ได้จากโครงการนี้จะเป็นแนวทางในการพัฒนาโมไบล์แอปพลิเคชันสําหรับธุรกิจโรงเรียนสอนทำเบเกอรีต่อไป เพื่อให้เกิดการนําเทคโนโลยีเข้ามาสนับสนุนการดําเนินธุรกิจ สร้างความได้เปรียบทางการแข่งขัน กระบวนการดําเนินงานมีความทันสมัย และช่วยเหลือผู้เรียนได้มากขึ้น
ความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างพฤติกรรมการใช้สื่อสังคมออนไลน์กับพฤติกรรมการดูแลสุขภาพตนเองของผู้สูงอายุในกรุงเทพมหานคร
Authors:   , จิรสุจริตธรรม สุรัชฎา
Published: May 2024

งานวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างพฤติกรรมการใช้สื่อสังคมออนไลน์กับพฤติกรรมการดูแลสุขภาพตนเองของผู้สูงอายุในกรุงเทพมหานคร ผู้วิจัยเลือกใช้รูปแบบการวิจัยเชิงปริมาณ โดยใช้แบบสอบถามเพื่อเก็บรวบรวมข้อมูลของผู้สูงอายุในกรุงเทพมหานครจำนวน 400 คน ทั้งในโรงเรียนผู้สูงอายุและช่องทางออนไลน์ จากนั้นจึงนำข้อมูลที่ได้มาวิเคราะห์ด้วยโปรแกรมสำเร็จรูปทางสถิติ SPSS โดยใช้สถิติการแจกแจงความถี่ ค่าเฉลี่ย ค่าร้อยละ ค่าส่วนเบี่ยงเบนมาตรฐาน การทดสอบความแตกต่างของค่าเฉลี่ย และการวิเคราะห์ความแปรปรวน

ผลการศึกษาพบว่ากลุ่มตัวอย่างผู้สูงอายุในกรุงเทพฯ ส่วนใหญ่ใช้สื่อสังคมออนไลน์ คิดเป็นร้อยละ 93.8 และพบว่ามีระดับพฤติกรรมการดูแลสุขภาพตนเองในระดับปฏิบัติบ่อยครั้ง ทั้งนี้เมื่อพิจารณาถึงความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างพฤติกรรมการใช้สื่อสังคมออนไลน์กับพฤติกรรมการดูแลสุขภาพตนเอง ผลการวิเคราะห์พบว่าพฤติกรรมการใช้สื่อสังคมออนไลน์ ได้แก่ สถานที่ที่ใช้สื่อสังคมออนไลน์ ความถี่ในการใช้สื่อสังคมออนไลน์ และสื่อสังคมออนไลน์ที่นิยมใช้ มีความสัมพันธ์กับพฤติกรรมการดูแลสุขภาพตนเองอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ ในส่วนของภูมิหลังทางประชากร พบว่า สถานภาพ อาชีพ รายได้เฉลี่ยต่อเดือน และสิทธิในการรักษาพยาบาล มีความสัมพันธ์กับพฤติกรรมการดูแลสุขภาพตนเองอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ ดังนั้นภาครัฐจึงควรให้ความสำคัญเป็นอย่างยิ่งเกี่ยวกับการเตรียมการด้านสาธารณสุขออนไลน์ เพื่อส่งเสริมให้ผู้สูงอายุในสังคมเมืองของประเทศไทยซึ่งเป็นกลุ่มประชากรที่มีความเปราะบาง และมีความเสี่ยงต่อปัญหาสุขภาพสามารถนำความรู้ด้านการดูแลสุขภาพตนเองไปปฏิบัติได้อย่างถูกต้อง อีกทั้งการที่ผู้สูงอายุสามารถดูแลสุขภาพตนเองโดยเรียนรู้ผ่านการใช้สื่อสังคมออนไลน์ได้อย่างเหมาะสม ก็จะสามารถช่วยลดภาระค่าใช้จ่ายของรัฐบาล และลดภาระงานที่หนักเกินไปของระบบสาธารณสุขได้เช่นกัน
Analisis Yuridis Biaya Komisi dan Syarat Pendaftaran sebagai Penjual pada Marketplace NTB Mall Ditinjau dari Peraturan Perundang-Undangan terkait Pemberdayaan Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM)
Authors: Mulya Agus Yoga , Murwadji Tarsisius , Mulyati Etty
Published: May 2024

Kehadiran marketplace memberikan banyak manfaat bagi para pedagang yang awalnya melalukan perdagangan secara konvensional yang mengharuskan adanya pertemuan secara langsung menjadi perdagangan borderless. Pada marketplace swasta yang banyak digunakan oleh masyarakat Indonesia seperti Tokopedia dan Shopee, pengaturan mengenai biaya komisi yang dibebankan kepada penjual dan syarat-syarat untuk mendaftar sebagai penjual belum sejalan dengan konsep pemberdayaan Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM). Belakangan ini, sejumlah pemerintah daerah di Indonesia membuat marketplace yang bertujuan untuk memberdayakan UMKM salah satunya adalah marketplace NTB Mall milik Pemerintah Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaturan biaya komisi dan pengaturan syarat pendaftaran sebagai penjual pada marketplace NTB Mall ditinjau dari konsep pemberdayaan UMKM. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif yang dilakukan dengan cara menelaah dan menginterpretasikan hal-hal yang bersifat teoritis, menyangkut asas, konsepsi, doktrin, dan/atau norma hukum yang berkaitan dengan pemberdayaan UMKM pada marketplace. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, Pertama, pengaturan biaya komisi pada marketplace NTB Mall belum sejalan dengan konsep pemberdayaan UMKM dan Kedua, pengaturan syarat pendaftaran sebagai penjual pada marketplace NTB Mall juga belum sejalan dengan konsep pemberdayaan UMKM.
Organizational Culture : Employee Perception of PT. Indomarco Prismatama
Authors: Bantam Dian Juliarti , Ardin Muhammad Pratama , Shafira Najwa , Janah Miftakul
Published: May 2024

This study discusses the employees' perceptions of the organizational culture at PT. Indomarco Prismatama. Through a qualitative approach, this research highlights aspects such as the business environment, values, role models, rituals, and networking within the organization, as outlined by Deal and Kennedy (Bantam, Nugraha, & Sa’adah, 2016). The research method employed is phenomenology to understand employees' experiences related to work culture. The research findings indicate that collaboration, support, honesty, integrity, and discipline are important values applied within the company. Additionally, role models such as district business managers set motivating examples for employees. Company rituals and informal communication networks also play a role in strengthening the organizational culture. In conclusion, a positive organizational culture plays a key role in achieving common goals and maintaining a productive work environment.
Utilization Of The Millealab Application As A Virtual Reality Media To Support Self-Directed Learning
Authors: Alkahfi Muhammad Indra , Mastur Mastur , Utama Agus Hadi
Published: May 2024

Self-directed learning is a process of organizing, finding, and even evaluating information or learning messages without help from others. MilleaLab is a VR-based application that can provide an immersive learning experience to support learners when doing independent learning. The purpose of writing this article is to conduct a literature study related to the utilization of MilleaLab application to support independent learning. The research method used is qualitative literature study. Data collection techniques through literature study of 25 relevant research articles within the last five years. Findings: (1) MilleaLab can be used anytime and anywhere according to one's own learning initiative. (2) MilleaLab can improve the understanding of abstract concepts, learning motivation, and learning outcomes of students, (3) MilleaLab is used as an immersive and interesting VR-based alternative learning media. The results of this study not only describe the MilleaLab application, but also the utilization of VR technology through the MilleaLab application to support immersive and interesting independent learning of students.
A comprehensive review of the Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay in skin sensitization testing: Applicability, limitations, and considerations
Authors: Omeragić Elma , Imamović Belma , Dedić Mirza , Mujezin Indira , Bečić Ervina
Published: May 2024

Skin sensitization is a crucial endpoint in the safety assessment of chemicals, with the Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay (DPRA) emerging as a valuable in chemico method for evaluating a substance's sensitization potential. This review delves into the principles, applicability, and limitations of the DPRA within the context of the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework for skin sensitization. We examine the DPRA'srole in addressing the molecular initiating event of skin sensitization, its integration into Integrated Approaches to Testing and Assessment (IATA), and its performance in predicting sensitizers. The review also highlights the challenges in testing certain categories of chemicals and the importance of considering the DPRA's results alongside other complementary methods. By providing a comprehensive overview of the DPRA, this review aims to inform researchers, regulators, and clinicians about its utility and limitations in the context of skin sensitization testing.
The comparison of streptokinase, an old agent, versus reteplase for the re-tunnellisation of blocked cuffed haemodialysis catheter
Authors: Saroukhani Abbas , Omid Soheil
Published: May 2024

Background/Aim: Catheter occlusion is the most common complication occurring in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who undergo haemodialysis. The management typically involves the use of local fibrinolytic agents. However, with the emergence of novel agents, the use of older agents has declined. The purpose of the study was to compare the effectiveness of reteplase versus streptokinase (SK) in resolving haemodialysis catheter occlusion. Methods: This randomised clinical trial involved 100 patients with catheter occlusion who were equally divided into two groups of 50. One group received treatment with reteplase, while the other group received treatment with SK. The occluded catheter in the first group was instilled with 250,000 units (U) of SK, while the second group received 2 U of reteplase and the catheters were left in place for 2-6 h. Successful flushing of the catheter with a velocity of ≥ 200 rounds per minute was considered successful retunnelling. The study also evaluated the frequencies of re-injections and drug-related adverse effects. Results: The success rate of SK versus reteplase did not differ significantly (p = 0.48). However, the required time to inject the agents to achieve appropriate luminal patency was statistically higher in the reteplase-treated group (p = 0.018). None of the patients experienced major adverse effects such as bleeding or anaphylactic reactions. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, both reteplase and SK resulted in significant recovery of luminal patency with no adverse effects. However, the lower frequency of re-injections required with SK to achieve successful rationalisation favoured the use of this agent over reteplase. Further studies are strongly recommended.
Association of polymorphism (RS1800896) of IL-10 gene and IL-10 gene expression in ovarian cancer patients from Georgia
Authors: Balakrishnan Pavithra , Shah Jahnvi , Surmava Sandro , Kvaratskhelia Eka , Abzianidze Elene , Vardiashvili Nino , Kankava Ketevani
Published: May 2024

Background/Aim: Ovarian cancer is one of the most important causes of tumour-associated mortality and morbidity in women. Some genetic alterations, determining predisposition to ovarian cancer have already been identified, but these are mostly syndrome-associated cases, most ovarian tumours are still regarded as sporadic. The aim of this research was to identify new predisposing factors that might increase ovarian cancer risk. Genetic variants of IL-10 gene in patients with ovarian cancer was analysed. Methods: Forty-eight patients with ovarian cancer along with 48 agematched controls were included in the study. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping and gene expression assays for IL-10 were performed using TaqMan assay (Thermo Scientific, USA). The selected SNP was rs1800896 upstream of IL-10 gene (IL-10-1082). All statistical analyses were performed by GraphPad Prism 9.3.1 for Mac. Results: The genotype distributions of IL-10 gene polymorphisms among cancer and control groups were all according to the expected Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. There was no statistically significant difference in frequency of genotypes and alleles between the two study groups (p > 0.05). In another analysis, the samples were grouped according to the polymorphic variant IL-10 (-1082) A/G. Subjects having the homozygous variant (A/A) had lower IL-10 mRNA levels than those with the homozygous wild (G/G) genotype in both, ovarian cancer patients and controls, p < 0.05. mRNA levels on IL-10 were different among cases and controls (p < 0.05). Patients with ovarian cancer had higher level of mRNA for IL-10. Conclusions: These results support the theory that IL-10 gene expression levels differ in patients with and without ovarian cancer. Polymorphic variant IL-10 (-1082) A/G couldn't be confirmed to explain this difference in gene expression levels.
Discovering the impact of bullying on adolescents through bibliometric analysis
Authors: Wahyuni Sri , Pranata Satriya , Kurniawan Wawan , Setyowati Rahayu , Heni Heni , Wianti Arni , Agustini Aat , Hijriani Hera
Published: May 2024

In recent years, the number of bullying cases, especially among teenagers, has been increasing, with many mass media reports on bullying cases that have resulted in the death of the victim. The aim of the study was to explore the impact of bullying on adolescents by analysing of network visualisation, overlay visualisation and density visualisation on the topic through bibliometric analysis. Records were identified through a database search at https://app.dimensions.ai/. The data obtained was then selected further by the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) flow diagram. Papers were limited to publication years 2019-2023 and focussed on the fields of psychology, human society, health science , clinical biomedicine, clinical education and health psychology. Data were analysed using VOSviewer, then reviewed by co-occurrence and co-author. After identifying the clusters, the impacts of bullying on adolescents were suicidal behaviour, mental disorders, non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), loneliness, psychological distress and adolescent childhood experiences (ACEs). From the overlay visualisation, it was indicated that the newest topics that were being widely researched related to the impact of bullying on adolescents were social anxiety, suicidal ideation, depressive symptoms, suicidal thought, integrated behaviour change (IBC) and peer victimisation. From density visualisation, it was indicated that topics that were rarely researched related to the topic of the impact of bullying on adolescent were suicide attempts, early victimisation, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and suicidality. The theme regarding the impact of bullying needs and developed to be researched more deeply, especially on themes with low visualisation found in density visualisation, in order to enrich the variety of research.
Computed tomography imaging characteristics of neck paragangliomas: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Ravishankar Dev , Sunil Devika
Published: May 2024

Background/Aim: Paragangliomas are rare neuroendocrine tumours arising from paraganglia of the autonomic nervous system. Computed to-mography (CT) imaging plays a crucial role in the evaluation and character-isation of neck paragangliomas. This retrospective study aimed to analyse the CT imaging features of neck paragangliomas to enhance diagnostic accuracy and delineate the radiological characteristics associated with these tumours. Methods: A retrospective review of CT imaging studies of patients diagnosed with neck paragangliomas from March 2021 to October 2023 was conducted. Imaging characteristics including tumour location, size, enhancement pattern, vascularity, calcifications, adjacent tissue involvement and relationship with surrounding structures were analysed. Results: A total of 87 patients with histologically confirmed neck paragangliomas were included in the study. CT imaging revealed typical findings of neck paragangliomas ie well-defined hyper-vascular masses with avid contrast enhancement, commonly located at the carotid bifurcation or along the carotid sheath. In addition, characteristic flow voids and the presence of feeding vessels were observed on CT angiography in a significant number of cases. The imaging analysis also identified calcifications and encasement of adjacent structures as frequent features of advanced stage paragangliomas. Conclusions: CT imaging of neck paragangliomas demonstrated consistent radiological features, including hypervascularity, contrast enhancement and distinct anatomic locations. Knowledge of these imaging characteristics is essential for accurate diagnosis and preoperative planning. Recognition of these features on CT imaging can aid in differentiating paragangliomas from other neck masses and facilitate appropriate management strategies.
Correlation of the caring behaviour of nurses with the motivation of patients undergoing haemodialysis
Authors: Yosafianti Pohan , Yanto Arief , Pranata Satriya
Published: May 2024

Background/Aim: There is a need to establish a satisfactory level of performance for nurses working in haemodialysis units, which will provide qualified competent nurses who will take care of patients. Thus, the purpose of this study was to analyze the caring behaviour of haemodialysis nurses with the motivation of patients undergoing haemodialysis. Methods: The research design was a descriptive correlation approach. The subjects of this study were patients who were undergoing therapy in the haemodialysis room. Researchers collected data for 1 month in September 2023. The relationship between nurses' caring behaviour and haemodialysis patient motivation was determined by conducting a Spearman rank correlation analysis. Results: Out of 118 patients, 48.7 % of patients thought nurses had poor caring behaviour. The research results also showed that patient motivation in undergoing haemodialysis was in the low motivation category (47.8 %). There was a significant relationship between nurses' caring behaviour and patient motivation in undergoing haemodialysis therapy (p = 0.0001). Based on the correlation coefficient value (r = 0.632), the two variables had a strong relationship. Conclusion: Nurses' caring behaviour can increase patient motivation in undergoing haemodialysis therapy. Nurses' caring behaviour still needs to be optimised because the interaction between nurses and patients in the treatment process provides support to patients.
Eruption of first permanent molar among a group of Iraqi children in relation to nutritional status
Authors: Khalaf Muna , Osama Abdul-Wadood , Khammas Asmaa
Published: May 2024

Background/Aim: The timing of a tooth's eruption can be affected by a variety of factors. The nutritional status has an impact on the development of a child's body. The purpose of the study was to analyse the number of children aged 6 to 9 in an Iraqi Arab population who had erupted permanent first molars and to examine how nutritional status affected the timing and level of emergence. Methods: A total of 330 boys and girls, in first grade elementary school, made up the sample. First molars that had erupted were noted, along with the level of the eruption. Each child's nutritional status was evaluated by recording their height and weight and body mass index (BMI) value was compared to the 2007 WHO reference. Results: Girls had higher number of erupted molars than boys did and a correlation between the number of erupted teeth and nutritional condition existed, with a higher mean number of erupted molars in obese children. Conclusion: BMI had an impact on the timing of the eruption of permanent first molars, a result that was primarily observed in females.
EARTHQUAKE PREDICTION USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE FERGHANA DEPRESSION (UZBEKISTAN)
Authors: Atabekov Ikram
Published: May 2024

Solving the problem of predicting earthquakes faces difficulties of both theoretical and practical nature. The reason is that the occurrence of earthquakes depends on many factors, which give rise to various anomalies that are used as precursors. However, because of the complexity of the earthquake process and the unavailability of much information about the detailed structure of the Earth's crust, a small number of them can accurately indicate future seismic events. The results of the application of machine learning and deep learning give hope for the possibility of obtaining more accurate information about future strong earthquakes if disparate factors are combined. To determine the most important signs of an earthquake and determine the spatial location of strong earthquakes in a specific seismically active territory of Uzbekistan, namely, in the Fergana depression, the Cora 3, Cora 4, random forest algorithms of machine learning and LSTM, ANN architectures of deep learning were implemented.
Magnetogravimetric study on the Scotia Plate, in the South Atlantic Ocean for the characterization of tsunamis
Authors: Alejandra Arecco
Published: May 2024

The marine and coastal environments of the Scotia Sea regions in the Southern Atlantic Ocean and Antarctica are vulnerable to the potentially disastrous effects of seismic activity along the Scotia Arc. This paper presents a magnetogravimetric study of the Scotia Plate for tsunami characterization. The influence of earthquakes on the Geomagnetic Field (GMF) is investigated using data from INTERMAGNET network observatories. A tectonic model is evaluated using gravity data from NOAA and seismic refraction data from Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory. The study also assesses the impact on water level (WL) measured at Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) tide gauge stations. Cross Wavelet Transform (XWT) is applied, and a frequency analysis of the GMF is conducted to identify specific frequencies during seismic events. A 2D tectonic model is constructed for the North Scotia Ridge using gravimetric and seismic data to characterize structural boundaries that may be activated during seismic events. Water level records collected from 6 tide gauge stations in the region are filtered and analyzed to identify tsunamis at each station. The results reveal anomalous frequencies in the frequency analysis of the horizontal component of the GMF during the November 25, 2013 earthquake, with high data correlation from different observatories in the study area for periods of 0.5 and 1 hour. Gravimetric modeling delineates faults activated during seismic activity and edges of structures potentially activated due to the transcurrent and compressional nature of the margin. WL anomalies up to 1.30 m are obtained following earthquakes with a magnitude greater than 8. The propagation speed in the study area averaged 460 km/h, consistent with the expected speed for those depths, except for Puerto Argentino, which exceeded them in 50%.
Análise da concepção de Nagel acerca do absurdo da vida humana
Authors: Moncavo Anamar
Published: May 2024

O artigo apresenta os argumentos avançados por Nagel em “The absurd” (1971) para justificar a asserção de que a vida humana é absurda ou destituída de sentido, partindo inicialmente da ideia de que o absurdo envolve sempre uma discrepância entre expectativa e realidade. Ao longo do texto, identificaremos alguns conflitos no desdobramento da concepção de Nagel, como a tentativa posterior de mitigar o peso conferido à discrepância entre expectativa e realidade na eclosão do absurdo, mas que não consegue se manter coerente com as próprias bases do seu pensamento. Além disso, conforme defenderei, outros problemas internos à construção do argumento do filósofo tornam frágil a ideia do absurdo como um elemento incontornável da vida humana. Em seguida, levantaremos as críticas avançadas na literatura por Gordon e Luper-Foy, que reforçam, aprofundam e ampliam as fragilidades internas à teoria de Nagel.
Se sofremos por amor a culpa é do Platão
Authors: Fianco Francisco
Published: May 2024

O presente texto tem como objetivo tecer uma leitura crítica ao diálogo de Platão O Banquete, refletindo sobre as concepções de amor, sexualidade e afetividade que esse texto apresenta e a maneira através da qual tais concepções penetraram e se desenvolveram na cultura ocidental. Esta crítica será feita em uma perspectiva pós-moderna, baseada no texto de Michel Onfray Théorie du corps amoureux, bem como de alguns fragmentos de Nietzsche que embasam o pensamento deste autor, entre outras referências oportunas. Para isto o texto irá dividido em três partes distintas, a primeira reconstruindo em traços gerais os argumentos do texto de Platão, a segunda apontando as fragilidades destas concepções clássicas e a terceira direcionando o leitor para as alternativas disponíveis na contemporaneidade mediante tantas transformações nas formas de viver, de pensar e de amar que encontramos neste início de século XXI.
Expediente
Authors: Trágica Revista
Published: May 2024

Expediente v. 17 n. 1 Revista Trágica
Editorial
Authors: Trágica Revista
Published: May 2024

Editorial v. 17 n. 1 Revista Trágica
Functional analysis of speed, battery pack capacities and chargers of small electric ships
Authors: Slapničar Vedran , Andrić Jerolim , Rudan Smiljko
Published: May 2024

Electric propulsion refers to propulsion using a combination of an electric motor and batteries. Electric motors powered by batteries represent a significant solution within the broader context of sustainability, energy efficiency, and technological advancement. As energy containers, batteries are characterized by low energy and power density and are currently not considered suitable for use on large displacement ships. Consumption of electric ships depends on numerous factors and the performance of the vessel's energy system requires great attention. The basic limitations are the ship’s size and speed, the built-in capacity of the batteries, charging infrastructure, and sailing distance. These limitations are discussed and justified in two case studies in which the existing diesel-powered ships are replaced with electric ones.
Food Security In Latin America And Access To Food In The Face Of Global Scarcity
Authors: Guido Poveda-Burgos,  , Miryam Lora-Loza,  , Tomas Leoncio Hope-Rodríguez-Beas,  , Ana María del Pilar Horna-Merino,  , Segundo Pedro Moncada-Ortega,  , Sergio Gómez-Herrera,  , Flor Marlen Ávila-Guerrero,  , Jorge Bernal-Peralta
Published: May 2024

A documentary review was carried out on the production and publication of research papers related to the study of the variables Food Security and Food Scarcity. The purpose of the bibliometric analysis proposed in this document was to know the main characteristics of the volume of publications registered in the Scopus database during the period 2017-2022 by Latin American institutions, achieving the identification of 41 publications. The information provided by this platform was organized through graphs and figures categorizing the information by Year of Publication, Country of Origin, Area of Knowledge and Type of Publication. Once these characteristics have been described, the position of different authors towards the proposed theme is referenced through a qualitative analysis. Among the main findings made through this research, it is found that Brazil with 12 publications was the Latin American country with the highest scientific production registered in the name of authors affiliated with institutions of that nation. The Area of Knowledge that made the greatest contribution to the construction of bibliographic material regarding the study of Food Security in Latin America and the possibility of accessing food in the midst of an undeniable global shortage was Social Sciences with  14 published documents, and the Type of Publication most used during the period indicated above were Conference Articles with 71% of the total scientific production.
Social Robotizing And Idiosyncratic Subjectivity In Camus’ The Stranger: A Critical Perspective
Authors: Mortaza Ali
Published: May 2024

The present research studies nature, impact and consequences of individual-society conflict as portrayed in Albert Camus’ novel, The Stranger. All societies, beyond ages and spaces, imperially require their subject to observe societal norms that are purported, propagated and performed through social institutions. In response, spirited individual in such a society endeavors to preserve his/her singularity and uniqueness in contrast to societal demand of robotic compliance, be constructive or destructive for individual soul. As its attestation, history and literature contain such episodes and characters whereas societal space for individual expressions brings about obedience; contrariwise, an attempt for the reign of predefined, unified and domineering social norms necessitate rebellious noncompliance. In this regard, textual analysis of the selected novel has been carried out by employing close reading technique. The findings uphold that Meursault’s behavioral oddity is the direct result of prevalent societal imperialistic drives. The modern authoritative society of Meursault employs its institutes to reign over him by cutting his individualistic potentials down. In this struggle for survival, Meursault wins as he accepts physical assassination by uncompromising society but rejects its offer of material prosperity on the cost of psychic apathy.
Unraveling The Negative Outcomes Of Social Exchange Theory: Illegitimate Tasking, Self-Handicapping And Organizational Obstruction In Pakistan
Authors: Fayyaz Dr. Hina , Abbass Dr. Nida , Munaf Dr. Sehrish , Iqbal Dr. Sana
Published: May 2024

This research paper aims to explore the relationship between illegitimate tasks, self-handicapping, perceived organizational obstruction, and subordinate moqi in a power-distant context such as Pakistan. Data was collected from 333 managerial employees from the public sector of Pakistan and regression analysis was used to test proposed hypotheses. The findings revealed a significant positive relationship between illegitimate tasking and self-handicapping with perceived organization obstruction mediating it. Additionally, attention to the supervisor's implicit cues had a significant effect on perceptions about organizational obstructions derived from Social Exchange Theory experiences at work by subordinates involved therein. This study provides empirical evidence that can help stakeholders globally understand relationships among variables impacted by cultural differences found across diverse contexts studied here.
Freedom Of Expression In Islam “Is Freedom of Expression in Islam compatible with Article 10 of ECHR?”
Authors: Ahmad Dr. Muhammad , Hayat Dr. Zoofishan
Published: May 2024

A predominated opinion has emerged in the West that Islam disregards Human Rights, especially the Freedom of Expression. Many Western scholars have explicitly expressed their views through literature. This article examines Islam's freedom of expression and its compatibility with Article 10 of ECHR. Some research has been carried out to understand the clear picture of freedom of expression in Islam and its limitations. However, no research has been conducted on the proposed topic of Freedom of Expression in Islam and its compatibility with Article 10 of ECHR. This study, therefore, attempts to fill the gap in this much-debated arett7a. This study is based on theoretical research and uses secondary data. It adopts an explanatory research design based on the literature, articles, books, newspapers, electronic media, and reports of international bodies such as the UN, ECtHR caselaws, Human Rights Watch Reports, Amnesty International and Liberty reports. The research has found that Islam propagates the same views as adopted by the ECHR and the ECtHR, where disturbing the peace of the community has been restricted. Still, on the other hand, the revolt against the dictatorial and tyrant government has been promoted. Therefore, the principles of freedom of expression and its limitations are identical in Islam and ECHR. These findings conclude that the opinion being expressed in the West about Islam is unsubstantiated, therefore making these opinions biased and discriminatory.
Rohingya Migrants In Pakistan: Issues, Challenges, And A Path Forward
Authors: Saeed Dr. Riaz Ahmad , Naz Dr. Sabah , Ullah Dr. Rahim
Published: May 2024

As one of the most marginalized groups, the Rohingya are compelled to endure abhorrent conditions within Myanmar. This paper examines in depth, within the framework of the Islamic solidarity paradigm, the social engagement, challenges, and experiences of the Rohingya Muslims presently residing in Pakistan. Because of institutionalized bigotry, the Rohingya population is compelled to seek refuge in several foreign nations, such as Malaysia, Bangladesh, and Pakistan. This issue is a pervasive global dilemma that is progressively worsening. They are particularly burdened with many obstacles in Pakistan, the most significant of which is their statelessness. The complexity of this issue is compounded by the fact that they are categorized inconsistently by various nations; Bangladesh classifies them as Burmese citizens, whereas Pakistan classifies them as Bengalis. In the current era characterized by globalization and heightened moral awareness, the principles outlined in the United Nations Charter on Human Rights are flagrantly transgressed through protracted periods of statelessness and targeted violence. This encompasses the abominable acts of violence perpetrated by Burmese forces against juveniles, including documented instances of rape and heinous crimes against women and children who were not involved in the conflict.
The purpose of this study is to provide information and conduct a meticulously investigation into the current circumstances pertaining to the Rohingya's access to healthcare, employment opportunities, and education in their host countries. Such an investigation aims to offer valuable insights into these matters. The Rohingya population is sadly residing in abject poverty throughout substantial portions of Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan. Consequently, safeguarding their citizenship and fundamental human rights in the nations to which they have recently migrated is of the utmost importance. Moreover, they are granted constitutional and legal protection in Pakistan, which empowers them to participate in national politics in support of their community's interests. By utilizing a qualitative approach, alongside analytical and historical research methodologies, this study effectively investigates these substantial issues.
KlimaSeniorinnen and the Question(s) of Causation

Authors: Stoyanova Vladislava
Published: May 2024

In Verein Klimaseniorinnen Schweiz and Others v Switzerland, the European Court of Human Rights makes many general statements about the nature of climate change and different actors’ roles in addressing it. Many points have been addressed in this blog symposium. In my blog post, I turn to a more technical aspect of the judgment, namely the question of causation. I will untangle the analytical gymnastics that the Court performs regarding this question. I will argue that the reasoning regarding causation is confusing and that it is not clear how specifically the ‘real prospect’ test is applied for finding a breach.