bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Double immunostaining for PIP2 and phosphorylated ERK v1
Authors: Miyagi Hiraku , Hiroshima Michio , Sako Yasushi
Published: November 2019

Immunofluorescence microscopy is used to determine molecular localization and to measure fluorescence intensity of activity in cultured cells. Reagents for fixation and/or permeabilization must be suitable for the molecule of interest. We developed a procedure to immunostain phosphatidylinositol biphosphate (PIP2) and phosphorylated Extracellular signal-Regulated Kinase (ERK) simultaneously. PIP2 is a phospholipid component of cell membranes. ERK is a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) that localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus after phosphorylation triggered by ligand activation. Different compounds are used to permeabilize cells in order to stain for these two molecules. Digitonin is used for PIP2 and Triton X-100 is used for phosphorylated ERK. However, since Triton X-100 can solubilize cell membrane lipids, it is not suitable for PIP2 labeling. In order to confer resistance against Triton X-100, we devised a method to fix anti-PIP2 antibody on the cell membrane antigen before permeabilization with Triton X-100. We modified a conventional immunostaining method to include secondary fixation and permeabilization after anti-PIP2 antibody labeling. The secondary fixation probably immobilizes antibodies bound to PIP2 on the cell membrane, perhaps by cross-linking them to surrounding protein molecules. Whatever the mechanism, this fixation enables PIP2-antibody complexes to remain on the membrane, despite treatment with Triton X-100, which is used to visualize phosphorylated ERK. Since PIP2 and ERK are major cell signaling molecules in various cellular phenomena, simultaneous detection and visualization of their phosphorylation states by this method should be useful for many studies.
DESIGN SPECIAL SCHOOL MATERIAL FOR THE STUDENTS WITH VISUAL DISABILITY USING ( THE KURDISH LANGUAGE FIRST TIME WITH BRAILLE IN THE WORLD ) AND BARCODE TECHNOLOGY
Authors: A. Al-Jaleeli Yasar
Published: November 2019

Purpose of the study: It has been presented by the researcher in this paper to be relied upon in the design of curricula for visually impaired people using barcode technology in The Kurdish region and the Kurdish speakers, in this paper the researcher use the Kurdish language with the Braille first time in the world and he hopes to add this language to usage of Braille in the next modifying in UNESCO organization because of it is now the second official language in Iraqi law.

Methodology: In these study characters of the Kurdish language has been investigated. Students with visual disabilities in the form of various groups gathered to be taught using the signs of Kurdish language. Their progress during this effort has been reported through this article

Results: Braille is not exclusive to people without another. It is an easy-to-read and writes tool for people with visual impairments. Although the Kurdish population is more than 30 million, their language is not mentioned in the UNESCO Guide until 2018.
FORMATION OF STUDENTS' MOTIVATION TO STUDY BUSINESS ENGLISH
Authors: Nailevna Sirazieva Zarina , Faridovna Dulmuhametova Gulnara , Faritovna Gali Gulnara
Published: November 2019

Purpose of the study: The article describes the view of authors to the formation of students' motivation to study Business English.

Methodology: In the research, the authors investigate a number of tasks that teachers need to solve in the course of formation of students' motivation. The article shows the analysis of category of motivation in Russian and foreign pedagogics, studies the concept of educational motives and conditions of emergence of motivation in pedagogical process.

Results: The authors theoretically describe the problem of the formation of students' motivation to study Business English, the model of formation of motivation, pedagogical conditions that make effective impact on increase in students' motivation when they study Business English. The article describes experimental work on efficiency check of formation model of students' motivation to study Business English.

Applications of this study: This research can be used for the universities, teachers, and students.

Novelty/Originality of this study: In this research, the model of the Formation of Students' Motivation to Study Business English is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
Realization of Photo-curing Gelatin Hydrogel using a Commercial Projector for Culturing Mesenchymal Cells
Authors: Whulanza Yudan , Harahap Indra Sakti , Istiyanto Jos , Kurniawati Tri , Rahyussalim Ahmad Jabir
Published: November 2019

This paper investigates the realization of synthetic extracellular matrix with visible light photo-patterning gelatin in a simpler manner. A synthetic extracellular matrix provides an initial attachment for the seeded cells on the experimental substrate such as glass plate or multi-well until they realized their the natural extracellular matrix. Here, a commercial Digital Light Projector (DLP) was used to induce gelatin with Rose Bengal as a crosslinking agent to form the thin layer on the experimental substrate. Various gelatin concentrations from 2%-10% were exposed at different times in order to optimize the patterning process. A geometrical characterization on the patterned gelatin, such as contour measurement and resolution, were taken place. Results showed that the thickness of patterned gelatin was in the range of 10 µm - 60 µm depends on the exposure time of the DLP projector. Moreover, a visual method aided by the Fiji toolbox from NIH ImageJ image processing was used to observe the density and spatial arrangement of the cultured cells on the substrate. Ultimately, biocompatibility using MTT assay was also employed to confirm the viability of the cells on the gelatin substrate. The results show that we are able to control the physical and spatial arrangement of the gelatin substrate, and they with cell viability depend on 6 days of observation. It was found that the gelatin substrate provides faster growth on cultured cells compared to the control study. This finding leads to the possibility to realize the automation system in cell culture technology with an affordable investment.
Model Simulation for the Spread of Rabies in Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Abdul Taib Nur Asheila , Labadin Jane , Piau Phang
Published: November 2019

There is a growing concern over the ongoing rabies epidemic in Sarawak that has remain unresolved ever since the outbreak began in July 2017. As of today, there has been 18 positive human rabies cases reported, which includes 17 fatalities, and one survivor who is now on life support after a severe neurological complications. Subsequently, the death rate now stands at approximately 94%. This paper is a preliminary report on the simulation of rabies transmission dynamics in Sarawak. At present, research is still lacking on the disease dynamics of rabies in Malaysia particularly in the state of Sarawak. We propose here a deterministic, compartmental model with SEIRS framework to fit actual data on the number of human infected rabies cases in Sarawak from June 2017 to January 2019. The simulation predicts that rabies in Sarawak will persist even with the current outbreak management and control efforts. Further, sensitivity analysis showed that dog vaccination rate is the most influential parameter and the basic reproduction number is estimated to be higher than 1. Henceforth, there is a need to increase the access to dog vaccines especially in remote rural areas with lack of health facilities. Our findings also suggest that controlling dog births could prevent the spread of  rabies from perpetuating in the state. Neutering or using other fertility control methods would reduce the input of new susceptible domestic dogs into the population while Trap-Neuter-Vaccinate-Release (TNVR) method can be implemented to control new births of free-roaming strays. In summary, increasing the coverage of dog vaccination and reducing the number newborn dogs would be the more effective strategies to manage the current rabies outbreak in Sarawak.
Simulation of Internal Undular Bores Propagating over a Slowly Varying Region
Authors: Hooi M. H. , Tiong W. K. , Tay K. G. , Sze S. N. , Chiew K. L.
Published: November 2019

Internal undular bores have been observed in many parts of the world. Studies have shown that many marine structures face danger and risk of destruction caused by internal undular bores due to the amount of energy it carries. This paper looks at the transformation of internal undular bore in two-layer fluid flow under the influence of variable topography. Thus, the surface of the bottom is considered to be slowly varying. The appropriate mathematical model is the variable-coefficient extended Korteweg-de Vries equation. We are particularly interested in looking at the transformation of KdV-type and table-top undular bore over the variable topography region. The governing equation is solved numerically using the method of lines, where the spatial derivatives are first discretised using finite difference approximation so that the partial differential equation becomes a system of ordinary differential equations which is then solved by 4th order Runge-Kutta method. Our numerical results show that the evolution of internal undular bore over different types of varying depths regions leads to a number of adiabatic and non-adiabatic effects. When the depth decreases slowly, a solitary wavetrain is observed at the front of the transformed internal undular bore. On the other hand, when the depth increases slowly, we observe the generation of step-like wave and weakly nonlinear trailing wavetrain, the occurrence of multi-phase behaviour, the generation of transformed undular bore of negative polarity and diminishing transformed undular bore depending on the nature of the topography after the variable topography.
The Effect of the Addition of “Senduduk” leaves (Melastoma malabthricum) on The Characteristic of Crackers
Authors: Sayuti Kesuma , Permata Deivy Andhika , Novita Oni
Published: November 2019

Many studies reported that “Senduduk” leaves have a bioactive component, but the utilization has not optimal. This study aimed to determine the effect of the addition of “Senduduk” leaves on the characteristics of crackers. This study used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments, that was the addition of leaves (A; 0%, B; 4%, C; 6%, D; 8%, and E; 10%) and 3 replications.  It was conducted in two stages. The first step was to determine the products that were well accepted (score â‰¥ 3.5) by using sensory analysis. The second step was the chemical analysis of the products. The Data were analyzed using ANOVA and continued with Duncan New Multiple Range Test (DMNRT) at a significance level of 5%. The results of the sensory analysis showed that all treatments were acceptable in color, crispness, and taste (score â‰¥ 3.5). There are significant differences between the treatment on the moisture content, ash content, free fatty acid levels, and no significant difference between the treatment on the fat content and protein content. The best product was the addition of 8% leaves, with moisture content 3.84% ± 0.57; ash content 1.46% ± 0.02; fat content 21.86% ± 0.43; free fatty acids content 0.16% ± 0.02; protein content 8.93% ± 0.48; tannin 0.063% ± 0.03; quercitrin 2.74 ppm, and antioxidant activity (IC50) 7,013 ± 124.56 ppm and the mean value of sensory analysis were, 3.92 ± 0.81 of color, 4.24 ± 0.66 of crispness and 3.60 ± 0.71 of taste.
Zone of Groundwater Quantitative Potential Based on the Characteristics of a Confined Aquifer at the Palu Groundwater Basin Central Sulawesi Province, Indonesia
Authors: Zeffitni - , Basir-Cyio Muhammad , Napitupulu Mery
Published: November 2019

Groundwater is water stored in aquifers in a groundwater basin, which is influenced by geologic, hydrogeological, tectonic forces, and the structure of the earth. Increased water demand causes problems in water management, which are characterized by a decrease in water availability, especially groundwater. Groundwater resources are renewable, but refill time is relative, depending on water availability, surface conditions, rainfall, lithology, hydraulic conductivity, topography, groundwater level depth, and the influence of the nature of unsaturated zones. These conditions cause a decrease in groundwater availability. This phenomenon is also found in Central Sulawesi Province, especially at Palu Groundwater Basin. The distribution of groundwater potential, which has the spatial and temporal characteristics of the confined aquifer, has caused insufficient water supply at Palu Groundwater Basin. Thus, according to the problem, the research objectives are to analyze groundwater quantitative potential based on the characteristics of a confined aquifer on each hydro-morphology and the hydrogeology units of the aquifer. The study of the groundwater quantitative potential is based on spatial, geomorphologic, and geologic approaches, and is required to be done with survey methods, and analysis using Darcy’s Law. The research result indicates that: The characteristic of a confined aquifer consists of an aquifer system in alluvial plains together with denudation. Based on the topographic relief variation conditions, including the structure of the material and geomorphic process, the lithology and stratigraphy that sort Palu Groundwater Basin consists of Alluvium and the Pakuli Formation with the lithology variation. Confined aquifers are big (> 10.0 l/sec). The potency groundwater zone in the Palu Groundwater Basin is fluctuated greatly, ranging from high to medium. The groundwater potency based on a hydro-morphology at landform unit alluvial plains varies between medium to high potency.
Infrastructure Development of Road Network for Regional Development Based on Accessibility Concept
Authors: Amalindo Heri , Saggaff Anis , Arliansyah Joni
Published: November 2019

Penukal Abab Lematang Ilir (PALI) District is a new district in South Sumatera Province, Indonesia which has been established since 2013 and has five subdistricts and 72 villages. PALI district continuously implements regional development to improve the living standard and economy of the community. Consequently, the infrastructure development of road network based on needs of improvement of accessibility and the spatial area is a precondition for economic and regional development and improvement of competitiveness of PALI district in South Sumatera Province. This research aimed to study the needs of infrastructure development of road network in PALI District regarding the economic and regional development and other sectors based on accessibility measurement. The data of existing infrastructure and regional condition and spatial area plan are activity centres, spatial patterns, and strategic area to be fundamental in determining the infrastructure development of road network for either internal or external accessibility of PALI District area. The existing condition based on the accessibility values show that several villages which are the priority of development have low accessibility so that the development of road infrastructure networks is needed. The simulation of scenarios of road network development was conducted to get the best accessibility score in order to support the plan of the existing economic and regional development. The result of the study is the plan of infrastructure development of road network of PALI District that can really support economic growth and regional development in PALI District.
The Effect of Local Crime on Construction Projects in Padang City
Authors: Hesna Yervi , Hasan Alsidqi , Nurhamidah Nurhamidah , F Atharika Yosa
Published: November 2019

Local crimes often target construction sites for some financial gains. Theft, extortion, and vandalism are common forms of crimes that occurred in a construction project. They can disrupt the process and reduces the contractor’s profits. The security in a project site is necessary to maintain the expected productivity and profits, and often, crime is not taken into account in the project plan. Due to this problem, it is crucial to conduct a proper management plan to control construction site security. This paper presents a research outcome on the effects of local crime towards the success of a construction project in Padang, Indonesia. A purposive sampling technique was adopted for the study. The process of data collection involved obtaining primary data from the respondents by conducting questionnaire and structured interviews. The questionnaires were filled-out by professionals from two categories of construction firms, i.e., contractor and force-account private sector. Five contractor type of project and thirty-four force account projects by the private sector were randomly selected. The results showed that the theft occurred more frequently in general contract projects that are managed by the contractor than in the force-account projects. However, the gain-loss due to theft was four times higher in the force account projects than the contractor one. The vandalism occurred more frequently in general contract projects than in the force-account projects. The occurrence of extortion is similar between general contract projects and force account projects. The extortion is found to be the most frequent security problem occurring on construction projects in Padang City, and can potentially increase the project cost.
Determining Optimal Mining Work Size on the OpenCL Platform for the Ethereum Cryptocurrency
Authors: Sukharev Pavel V. , Silnov Dmitry S. , Shishkin Maxim O.
Published: November 2019

In terms of cryptocurrency, mining is a process of creating a new transaction block to add it to the blockchain. The cryptocurrency protocol should ensure the reliability of new transaction blocks. One of the popular mining protocols is the Proof-of-Work protocol, which requires the miner to perform a certain work to verify its right to add a new block into the blockchain. To perform this work, high-performance hardware is used, such as GPU. On the program level, hardware needs special computing framework, for example, CUDA or OpenCL. In this article, we discuss Ethereum cryptocurrency mining using the OpenCL standard. The Ethereum cryptocurrency is the most popular cryptocurrency with GPU-based mining. There are several open-source implementations of the Ethereum cryptocurrency miners. The host-part of the OpenCL-miner is considered, which makes the research results independent of the mining algorithm and allows using the results of the research in the mining of other cryptocurrencies. During the research, we have found the problems, which lead to mining productivity loss, and we are looking for the ways to resolve these problems and thus increase mining performance. As part of solving these problems, we have developed the algorithm for the functioning of the miner and proposed the methodology of determining the optimal size of OpenCL work, which allows to reduce the impact of problems found and achieve maximum mining productivity using OpenCL framework.
A Hybrid Water Flow-Like Algorithm and Variable Neighbourhood Search for Traveling Salesman Problem
Authors: Othman Mohamed Rafique , Ali Othman Zulaiha , Srour Ayman Ibraheem , Sani Nor Samsiah
Published: November 2019

Various metaheuristic methods have been proposed earlier and applied for solving the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP). Water Flow Algorithm (WFA) is one of the recent population-based metaheuristic optimization techniques used for solving this problem. Past research has shown that improving WFA local search strategy has a significant impact on the algorithm performance. Therefore, this paper aims to solve TSP by enhancing WFA searching strategy based on a Variable Neighbourhood Search (VNS) known as hybrid WFA-VNS. It is a mixture of the exploration of WFA and the exploitation capability of VNS. This study is conducted in two stages: Pre-experiment and initial experiment. The objective of doing pre-experiment is to select four neighborhood structures to be used for the initial experiment. At the first stage, three instances are used, and there are five neighborhood structures involved. Those neighborhood structures are two opt, three opt, four opt, swapping, and insertion move. Because of pre-experiment, it discovers four best neighborhood structures, which are two opt, three opt, exchanging and insertion move. These neighborhood structures will be used in the initial experiment, which an improvement approach is employed. In an initial experiment, the performance of the proposed hybrid WFA-VNS is further studied and tested on 26 established benchmarked symmetric TSP datasets using four neighborhood structures selected in pre-experiment earlier. The TSP datasets involved are categorized into three types: small datasets, medium datasets, and large datasets. Selected neighborhood structures obtained in pre-experiment are applied and generated randomly to intensify the initial solution achieved at an earlier stage of hybrid WFA-VNS. The results of the comparison show that this hybrid approach represents an improvement and able to produce competitive results.
Pedestrian Facilities as a Part of Road Infrastructure Resilience in Large Cities in Indonesia
Authors: Sutandi Anastasia Caroline , Rahardjo Paulus P , Mulyono Agus Taufik , Alavi Said Gavin
Published: November 2019

Road infrastructure resilience is critical to reach disaster resilience. Disaster not only occurs and impacts the location outside cities, but also in an area with a large number of the population, like cities. In large cities, pedestrian facilities are the important road infrastructure facilities besides roadway infrastructure, both in the normal daily condition and during evacuation if there is a disaster. Unfortunately, pedestrian facilities in the city are not yet seriously taken into account. The aim of this paper is, first, identification of the availability of pedestrian facilities, second, fulfillment of the facilities based on the regulation in Indonesia, and third, recommendation to implement items of pedestrian facilities based on pedestrians’ opinion. Case study is carried out on two major roads in a large city, Bandung, Indonesia, with a high number of pedestrians because there are various activities happening along the streets, for example, working, studying, shopping, and sightseeing. The method used is an interview, questionnaire, and essential performance analysis, with 18 pedestrian facility indicators — seven hundred and eighty-two pedestrians as respondents involved in this paper. The analysis is done based on respondent demographics and based on significant rate and priority rate of respondents’ opinion. Results indicated that not all of the pedestrian facilities had been implemented according to regulation in Indonesia. Furthermore. based on respondents’ opinion, the most important and priority items of pedestrian facilities to be applied as soon as possible are street lighting, pedestrian ramps for disabled persons, CCTV, and trash bins. Fulfillment of all pedestrian facilities will enhance road infrastructure resilience through reduction of casualty if no disaster occurs and through reduction of risk during evacuation if disaster occurs.
The Role of Dams on Water, Food, and Energy Security Issues: A Global Review and Resolution for Indonesia
Authors: Kamil Insannul , Plamonia Mego , Yuliandra Berry , Muthuveerappan Chitrakala , Alias Buang
Published: November 2019

Increased water, food, and energy demand due to population growth has contributed linearly to the increasing focus of world concern on dams in many countries. Lately, dams have become an important issue in sustainable water resources management, which have been used for various purposes such as flood control, industrial water supply, irrigation, fisheries, recreation, navigation, hydroelectricity, and other purposes. This study aims to analyze the relationships between variables related to the world's water, food and energy issues, including dams. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify the significance of interrelated relationships between variables of water consumption, energy consumption, irrigated areas and the number of dams based on period 1960-2010 data. The results of the analysis concluded that water consumption had the most significant effect on energy consumption and the number of dams. Meanwhile, the number of dams has a significant impact on water consumption, followed by energy consumption. As a resolution for Indonesia, which currently focuses on food and energy security issues, this study recommends that the construction of dams (including large dams) be accelerated.
Migraciones, desarrollo desigual y ambiente: el caso de Ameca, Jalisco, en México
Authors: Ramírez Ramírez Silvia
Published: November 2019

Los diferentes sistemas de producción e intercambio, han moldeado la forma de vivir de los seres humanos, así como su posición en dichos sistemas y la concepción de la naturaleza misma. El nacimiento de la industrialización conllevó la búsqueda del desarrollo de las sociedades por medio de la acumulación de capital, lo cual se vio reflejado tanto en las grandes ciudades como en las nuevas configuraciones de los medios rurales. Los espacios rurales fueron modificados girando en torno a nuevas industrias que, si bien crearon otro tipo de empleos, impulsaron a campesinos a buscar alternativas como las laborales, de adaptación a las nuevas industrias o de desplazamientos territoriales, tanto a nivel nacional como internacional. Este tipo de situación es frecuente aún hoy en día en el caso de las migraciones de México hacia los Estados Unidos de América, sin embargo, dicho fenómeno ha sido enmarcado mayormente desde la perspectiva económica, dejando de lado la relevancia de las causas del desarrollo geográfico desigual, que además de influir en las lógicas productivas genera afectaciones al ambiente y la relación del ser humano con la naturaleza. Por lo cual el presente escrito tiene como objetivo describir la manera en que diferentes fenómenos globales como lo son el desarrollo geográfico desigual, la afectación al ambiente y las migraciones, se ven reflejadas a un nivel local, tomando como base el caso particular de un municipio en México, llamado Ameca, Jalisco. Concluyendo que en la situación actual del municipio hace falta un modelo de desarrollo sustentable que tome en cuenta no solo el ámbito económico, sino también el social y ambiental, que se preocupe por la situación actual y futura a nivel local desde una perspectiva global.
Diferencias en el bienestar subjetivo de adolescentes chilenos según género en el contexto internacional
Authors: Reyes Reyes Fernando , Alfaro Inzunza Jaime , Varela Torres Jorge , Guzmán Piña Javier
Published: November 2019

El bienestar subjetivo es un aspecto importante del desarrollo de niños, niñas y adolescentes. Estudios previos han evidenciado que el bienestar subjetivo presenta diferencias según sexo, advirtiéndose en diversos países, que las mujeres presentan un puntaje menor respecto al de los hombres, usando diferentes escalas. Sin embargo, el sentido de esta diferencia no siempre se presenta a favor de los hombres. El presente estudio analiza los datos de dos muestras de adolescentes chilenos de séptimo grado de educación básica en escuelas urbanas (N1=776, N2=336), usando los datos del International Survey of Children´s Well-being (ISCWeB). Se comparan los puntajes de dos medidas de bienestar subjetivo: Student´s Life Satisfaction Scale (SLSS) y Overall Life Satisfaction (OLS) como una medida global de bienestar subjetivo y se presentan los resultados de ambas muestras en el marco de los demás países que integran el estudio internacional. Los resultados señalan que en Chile los niños presentan un mayor bienestar subjetivo que las niñas, similar a lo que se aprecia en algunos países desarrollados. Se discuten los resultados en función de los antecedentes presentados que podrían explicar dichas diferencias en favor de un grupo o de otro.
Legitimidad y organismos internacionales
Authors: Oviedo Nicolás Ignacio
Published: November 2019

En este trabajo sopesamos la importancia de la legitimidad para los organismos internacionales. Primeramente, ofrecemos una aproximación al concepto de legitimidad en el plano internacional y sintetizamos el enfoque liberal-institucionalista. En síntesis, argumentaremos que la legitimidad es un componente crítico de lo que John Ikenberry denomina orden constitucional. Ese orden, a su vez, brinda una serie de beneficios funcionales que sólo pueden ser explotados mediante un entramado institucional, especialmente vía el accionar de organismos internacionales.  Por otra parte, postularemos que la legitimidad es en última instancia la génesis del poder institucional tal como lo entienden Barnett y Duvall. En tanto es un atributo pívot de un tipo puro de poder, materializable a través del arreglo institucional encarnado en los organismos internacionales, su importancia es considerable. Finalmente, ilustraremos los argumentos teóricos apelando al tópico de los Derechos Humanos pues oficia como prueba empírica de la importancia de la legitimación. Cuando los organismos asociados se hallan legitimados, avances en esa agenda se producen. Por el contrario, cuando el multilateralismo y sus instituciones son puestas en tela de juicio, los acuerdos se fracturan, los organismos pierden atribuciones y el papel protagónico vuelve a ser monopolizado por la distribución de capacidades relativas entre Estados.
La atribución de la verdad: un salto de la filosofía analítica a la dialectica
Authors: Londoño Ramos Carlos Arturo
Published: November 2019

ResumenDesde la antigüedad griega la filosofía se ha enfrentado al reto del escepticismo que niega toda verdad y, demodo similar, también ha luchado con el problema de la posibilidad de exponer la validez de la totalidad delsaber engeneralysus condiciones de aceptabilidad.Apoyados en una interpretación de los teoremasmetalógicos y metalingüísticos de la limitación de Russell,Tarkiysus consecuencias en el teorema Gödel, pretendemos sustentar la imposibilidad de una filosofía completa: totalmenteautojustificada que en consecuencia, pueda eliminar el pluralismo. Retomando las condiciones de aplicación de los teoremas lógicos, pasamos al plano de la comunicación y con éste al de la historia del saber. Así proponemos una interfundamentación dialéctica de las ciencias y las disciplinas al modo de espírales de crítica pluralista.Palabras clave: teoría de los tipos, filosofía analítica, dialéctica.AbstractThe attributionof truth: the transitionfromanalyticalphilosophyto dialectics .From ancientGreektimes, philosophyhas confrontedthe challenge of scepticismas denial of alltruth, likewise, it has posed the problemofexposing the validity ofthe totality ofknowledge in generaland itsconditions ofacceptability.Basedonaninterpretationof themetalogic andmetalinguistic theorems oflimitationinRussell,Tarki, and their consequences in the Gödel theorem, we intend to defend the impossibility of a philosophyof totality: completelyself justified and capable of eliminating pluralism.Areviewof the application conditions of logical theorems, leads us to the level of communication, and finallyto the history ofknowledge. In thisway,we propose a dialectic interfundamentation of sciences and disciplines in themanner of pluralist criticismspirals.Keywords: type theory, analyticalphilosophy, dialectics.
Sosyal Bilimlerde Etik Sorunlar
Authors: DEDE Abdulbaki
Published: November 2019

Son
yıllarda bilimsel etik meselesi Türkiye’de de akademinin gündemini yoğun bir
şekilde meşgul etmeye başlamıştır. Özellikle birçok yazarın ve akademisyenin
dikkat çektiği bir sorun olarak etik ihlallerdeki artış bunda etkili olsa da,
bu tartışmaların aynı zamanda etik farkındalığın artması neticesinde gündeme
geldiğini düşünmek daha umut vadeden bir yaklaşım olacaktır. Editörlüğünü Doç.
Dr. Musa Öztürk’ün yaptığı “Sosyal
Bilimlerde Etik Sorunlar” adlı çalışma, çeşitli akademisyenlerin konunun
güncel boyutlarına ilişkin ayrıntılı analiz ve değerlendirmelerini içeren, etik
ihlalleri enine boyuna inceleyen bir çalışma olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Son
dönemde akademinin sıcak tartışma konularından birisini sarih ve
araştırmacılara yol gösterici bir nitelikte ele alması bakımından çalışma,
alandaki yazın eksikliğine önemli bir katkı sağlayabilir.
Integration of Peach (Prunus persica L) Biochar, Compost and Peach Residues along with Beneficial Microbes and Phosphorus Improve Agronomic Efficiency, Phosphorus use Efficiency, Partial Factor Productivity and Soil P in Soybean vs Maize Crops
Authors: Imran Imran , Amanullah Amanullah
Published: November 2019

Phosphorus (P) is an important element in a complete and balanced fertility program that can improve crop P use efficiency and ultimately productivity and profitability. Phosphatic fertilizers use without organic fertilizers leads to gradual decline in soil organic matter, native nutrient status and ultimately reduction in agricultural productivity and economic growth. The objectives of this was to evaluate P efficiencies with incorporation of peach sources, beneficial microbes and P application. From sustainability points of view, alternative use of different sources and forms of organic sources alone or in combination with inorganic P and beneficial microbes possess potential for improving productive capacity of the soil. Separate field experiments (one each on maize and soybean as a test crop) were conducted at Agriculture Research Institute Mingora Swat (ARI) for two consecutive years in summer season of 2016 (year one) and 2017 (year two). For the first time such a study were conducted to utilize peach leftovers and biomass (leaves, twigs, fruits, stones and barks partially decomposed, its compost and biochar) along with three phosphorus (P) levels (50, 75, 100 kg P ha-1) and two beneficial microbes (PSB and Trichoderma) on such a way to enhance soil sustainability and P use efficiency of soybean and maize. The results revealed that organic sources had significant effect on soybean and maize P use efficiency (PUE), P agronomic efficiency (PAE), partial factor productivity (PFPp) and soil P concentration. In experiment 1 among the organic sources, peach residues increased soil P (12.0 mg kg-1) as compared to peach compost and biochar (8.6 & 11.7 mg kg-1). Soil P concentration was maximum (12.1 mg kg-1) with PSB than Trichoderma (9.5 mg kg-1). Application of P at 100 kg ha-1increased soil P contents (16.9 mg kg-1) as compared to 50 and 75 kg P ha 1 (5.9 & 9.6 mg kg-1) respectively. P concentration was increased drastically in year 2 (12.4 mg kg-1) than year one (9.1 mg kg-1). PUE in both crops (soybean and maize) was maximum (25.6 & 28.4%) with peach biochar than compost and residues along with Trichoderma (21.7 & 27.8%). Highest PUE in soybean was recorded with 75 kg P ha-1(22.2%) however in maize maximum PUE was noted with 50 kg P ha-1(33.5%). PAE and PFPp in both crops was maximum with biochar and soil application of Trichoderma than other organic sources and PSB. Among the P levels highest PAE in soybean and maize was recorded with 75 kg ha-1whereas PFPp in soybean was maximum with 75 kg P ha-1 and interestingly in maize it was noted with 50 kg ha-1. Conclusively soybean and maize PAE, PFPp and PUE was higher with biochar, soil incorporation of Trichoderma and P at the rate of 75 kg ha-1 and can improve soybean and maize yield and soil productivity on sustainable basis.
Efficiency Evaluation of Wastewater Pollution and Water Disease Efficiency in China Based on the Dynamic Two-Stage DEA Method
Authors: yanan Sun , Fangrong Ren , jiawei Liu , Naixin Shi
Published: November 2019

China is not only short of fresh water resources per capita, but also faces a serious problem of water pollution in recent years, with 190 million people suffering from excessive levels of harmful substances in their drinking water. Such as arsenic poisoning and fluorosis and other endemic water diseases high incidence. As a series of water pollution prevention plan of action by the Chinese government announced that, this paper uses the modified Undesirable Dynamic Network model empirical analysis of China's 31 provincial administrative region economic growth, wastewater treatment, and water disease control efficiency between 2013 and 2017. The results show that the efficiency of water pollution disease in all four regions of China and the total efficiency in the three regions of east, west and central China all show a decreasing trend, and the efficiency scores and rankings of all provinces and cities within the region fluctuate greatly. The eastern region with the most developed economy has the best overall performance, with higher efficiency in Water consumption and Water disease control. However, the efficiency of wastewater treatment in northeast China is stable and better. Given the high level of economic development in China and the results of the above mentioned efficiency in water pollution and water diseases, improving the efficiency and quality of wastewater treatment in China is regarded as an important factor in achieving the strategic goal of green growth.
Remote Sensing of Population and Coral Destruction for Long Term on Small Islands
Authors: Nurdin Nurjannah , Hatta Muhammad , Mashoreng Supriadi , Amri Khairul , Pulubuhu Dwia Aries Tina , Aris Agus , AS M. Akbar , Komatsu Teruhisa
Published: November 2019

In general, remote sensing has proven to be a powerful tool in the overall understanding of natural and anthropogenic phenomena. Satellites have become useful tools for tasks such as characterization, monitoring, and the continuous prospecting of natural resources. This research aims to analyze spatial dynamic and destructive on coral reefs area and correlation between live coral reduction and population on small islands. Landsat MSS, TM, ETM, and OLI-TIRS are used to spatial analyze of coral reef dynamics from 1972 to 2016. The image processing includes gap-filling, atmospheric correction, geometric correction, image composite (true color), water column correction, unsupervised classification, reclassification, accuracy assessment. The statistical analysis identifies the relationship between dynamic population data with a reduction of live coral, namely Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Multiple Regression Analysis. The effect of the population shows a positive correlation with the reduction in the area of live coral, although it is significant. The fact is the practice of coral destruction on an island; it is usually not only caused or carried out by residents who live on the island but also carried out by other residents of different islands.
Prepared for PrEP: Preferences for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among Chinese men who have sex with men in an online national survey
Authors: Huang Wenting , Wu Dan , Ong Jason O. , Smith M. Kumi , Yang Fan , Fu Hongyun , Tang Weiming , Tucker Joseph D.
Published: November 2019

Background: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is not widely available in China. Previous studies reported low awareness and inconclusive findings on the acceptability of PrEP among Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of an online national survey comparing preferences for oral and long-acting injectable PrEP among MSM and identifying correlates of preferences. Results: Nine-hundred and seventy-nine men from the larger sample of 1045 men responded to the PrEP survey questions. Most men (81.9%) had never heard of PrEP, but reported interest in using PrEP. More participants chose injectable PrEP (36.3%) as their preferred formulation than oral PrEP (24.6%). Men who had at least two HIV tests (adjusted OR = 1.36, 95%CI 1.04, 1.78) more commonly preferred injectable PrEP. Conclusion: Our findings may help inform PrEP messaging in areas where PrEP has yet to be scaled up.
Effectiveness of Checklist based Box system Interventions (CBBSI) versus routine care on improving utilization of Maternal Health Service in North West, Ethiopia: Study protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Belete Netsanet , Gerbaba Mulusew , Tura Gurmesa
Published: November 2019

Background - Maternal mortality is still high in Ethiopia. Antenatal care, use of skilled delivery and postnatal care are key maternal health care services that can significantly reduce maternal mortality. However, in low and middle income countries including Ethiopia, utilization of these key services are not enough to deliver the recommended preventive, promotive and curative services. The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of checklist based box system interventions on improving maternal health service utilization. Methods - A community level cluster-randomized controlled trial will be conducted to compare the effectiveness of checklist based box system interventions over the routine standard of care. The intervention will use health extension program and provided by health extension workers and midwives, using a special type of health education scheduling and service utilization monitoring boxes, placed at health posts and health centers respectively. For this, 1,200 pregnant mothers, below 16 weeks of gestation, will be recruited from 30 clusters. Suspected pregnant mothers will be identified through a community survey and linked to the nearby health center. In a two weeks base, review of dropouts will be conducted at each intervention health center. Then intervention health posts (supervised by intervention health center) will be communicated for each dropout. Then, health extension workers will provide health education, using a person-centered manual prepared for this purpose. Data will be collected using ODK-Collect and analyzed using STATA version 13.0. Data will be analyzed by intention to treat analysis. Risk ration will be computed at cluster level and the summary will be compared using t-test. Outcomes between intervention and control groups will be compared with random effects logistic regression models. Discussion - The authors of this study expect that, the study will generate evidence on the effectiveness of checklist based box system interventions on improving utilization of maternal health care service, that are strong enough to inform policies in the country.
Pregnancy outcomes among 31 patients with tetralogy of Fallot, a retrospective study
Authors: Wang Kana , Xin Junguo , Wang Xiaodong , Yu Haiyan , Liu Xinghui
Published: November 2019

Background

Ttralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a severe type of congenital heart disease (CHD) and confers substantial risk to mother and fetus. However, the outcomes of pregnant women with TOF have not been well studied.

Methods

Women with TOF who has been seen and/or delivered at our tertiary-care hospital between April 2008 and January 2018 were retrospective reviewed.

Results

A total of 31 TOF patients with pregnancies were identified in ten-year period. Among these patients, cardiac defects were surgically repaired in 19 cases and remained uncorrected in 12 women. The frequency of miscarriages and preterm birth was greater in the uncorrected group (16.67% vs one, and 50% vs 5.26%, respectively). The percentage of babies who were small for gestational age (SGA) was 41.67% and 10.53% in two groups. The neonatal mortality and fetal mortality were observed in women without correction for TOF, which were 3.23% (1/31) and 6.45(2/31), respectively. Maternal and neonatal risk appeared to be associated with heart functional classifications, pulmonary hypertension and histories of cardiac events such as serious cardiac arrhythmias.

Conclusions

Obstetric and cardiac complications are more frequently present in the pregnant women with uncorrected TOF. Surgical correction is associated with improved maternal and perinatal outcome.
Does Phone Messaging Improves Tuberculosis Treatment Success? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Gashu Kassahun Dessie , Gelaye Kassahun Alemu , Mekonnen Zeleke Abebaw , Lester Richard , Tilahun Binyam
Published: November 2019

Background: Compliance to anti-TB treatment is crucial in achieving cure and avoiding the emer­gence of drug resistance. Electronic health (eHealth) interventions are included in the strategy to end the global Tuberculosis (TB) epidemic by 2035. Evidences showed that mobile messaging systems could improve patient adherence to clinic appointment for diagnosis and treatment. This review aimed to assess the effect of mobile-phone messaging on anti-TB treatment success. Methods: All randomized controlled trial (RCT) and quasi-experimental studies done prior to August 26, 2019 were included in the review. Studies were retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane and ScienceDirect databases including, grey and non-indexed literatures from Google and Google scholar. Quality of studies were independently assessed using Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. A qualitative synthesis and quantitative pooled estimation were used to measure the effect of phone messaging on TB treatment success rate. PRISMA flow diagrams were used to summarize article selection process, see Additional file 1. Results: A total of 1237 articles were identified, with 14 meeting the eligibility criteria for qualitative synthesis. Eight studies with a total of 5680 TB patients (2733 in intervention and 2947 in control groups) were included in meta-analysis. The pooled effect of mobile-phone messaging revealed a small increase in treatment success compared to standard of care (RR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.06), with low heterogeneity (I2=7%, p<0.0002). In the review, performance, detection and attrition biases were reported as major risk of biases. Conclusions: Mobile-phone messaging showed a modest effect in improving anti-TB treatment success; however, the quality of evidence was low. Further controlled studies are needed to increase the evidence-base on the role of mHealth interventions to improve TB care. Protocol registration number: CRD420170744339 http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?ID=CRD42017074439 Key Words: Mobile phone, Treatment success, Text messaging, Tuberculosis
The Sydney Triage to Admission Risk Tool (START) to improve patient flow in an Emergency Department: A model of care implementation pilot study
Authors: Ebker-White Anja , Bein Kendall , Russell Saartje Berendsen , Dinh Michael
Published: November 2019

Background: The Sydney Triage to Admission Risk Tool (START) is a validated clinical analytics tool designed to estimate the probability of in-patient admission based on Emergency Department triage characteristics.
Methods: This was a single centre pilot implementation study using a matched case control sample of patients assessed at ED triage. Patients in the intervention group were identified at triage by the START tool as likely requiring in-patient admission and briefly assessed by an ED Consultant. Bed management were notified of these patients and their likely admitting team based on senior early assessment. Matched controls were identified on the same day of presentation if they were admitted to the same in-patient teams as patients in the intervention group and same START score category. Outcomes were ED length of stay and proportion of patients correctly classified as an in-patient admission by the START tool.
Results: One hundred and thirteen patients were assessed using the START-based model of care. When compared with matched control patients, this intervention model of care was associated with a significant reduction in ED length of stay [301 minutes (IQR 225-397) versus 423 minutes (IQR 297-587) p<0.001] and proportion of patients meeting four hour length of stay thresholds increased from 24% to 45% (p<0.001).
Conclusion: In this small pilot implementation study, the START tool, when used in conjunction with senior early assessment was associated with a reduction in ED length of stay. Further controlled studies are now underway to further examine its utility across other ED settings.