bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic Improvements in the Root Traits and Fertilizer Tolerance of Soybean Varieties Released during Different Decades
Authors: Bao Xueyan , Yao Xingdong
Published: December 2023

Root traits (RTs) of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) that can be improved through long-term genetic breeding have been identified. However, whether resistance to environmental stresses can be enhanced and more detailed information on the relationships between RTs and seed yield remain unclear. Here, we used a pot-culture experiment with 13 varieties released in different years to investigate the changes in some RTs resulting from genetic breeding-based improvements. We determined whether RTs in different varieties respond to increasing fertilization rates (FRs) differently and quantified the contributions of RTs to seed yield variation among varieties. Decades of genetic selection have resulted in significant desired changes in RTs as well as the seed yield (per plant) under different FR conditions. The RT values of soybean receiving the 1.1 g pot−1 FR treatment increased significantly by 8.20%, 8.75% and 8.68%, whereas those receiving the 2.2 g pot−1 FR treatment decreased by 14.31%, 13.28% and 5.52%, for old, middle and new variety groups, respectively, compared with the no fertilizer treatment, indicating that the tolerance of root to fertilizer stress was enhanced. The results of artificial interference analysis showed that root length at the full bloom stage, root-to-shoot ratio at the full seed stage and root activity at the beginning maturity stage were the most important factors affecting seed yield, contributing approximately 54%, 58% and 59%, respectively, to seed yield variation. Overall, our work provides a theoretical basis for future breeding, suggesting a direct selection of soybean RTs to improve soybean yield.
The Long-Term Application of Controlled-Release Nitrogen Fertilizer Maintains a More Stable Bacterial Community and Nitrogen Cycling Functions Than Common Urea in Fluvo-Aquic Soil
Authors: Ma Lei , Li Yan , Wei Jianlin , Li Zishuang , Li Hongjie , Li Yudong , Zheng Fuli , Liu Zhaohui , Tan Deshui
Published: December 2023

Controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer (CRNF) has been proven to surpass common urea by mitigating nutrient losses, enhancing soil quality, and improving crop productivity. However, the long-term effects of CRNF on soil biological properties are not well understood. Here, a 12-year field experiment was conducted with five treatments: no N fertilizer (PK); the split application of urea at the farmer’s practice rate (FP) and the optimal rate (OPT); the one-time application of CRNF at the same rate as the OPT (CRNF); and a 20% reduced rate of the OPT (0.8CRNF). Soil samples were collected during the maize tasseling and filling stages; high-throughput sequencing and the PICRUSt2 method were employed to determine the bacterial community and its functional potential. The results showed that CRNF significantly increased alkaline hydrolysis N by 14.10% and 9.45% compared to OPT during the tasseling and filling stages, respectively. This increase in soil available N resulted in a significant increase in bacterial diversity of 2.09% and 2.35% compared with the FP and OPT, respectively. The bacterial community in the FP and OPT changed markedly between the tasseling and filling stages, with many bacterial species at the ASV and genus levels showing variations in relative abundance. In contrast, CRNF and 0.8CRNF exhibited stable N-cycling functions, as indicated by the lower variations in nitrate reductase and predicted N-cycling functional genes between the tasseling and filling stages. The obtained results suggest that CRNF application can enhance soil N supply, promote the formation of stable bacterial communities, and maintain stable N-cycling functions.
Exposure of Mytilus galloprovincialis to Microplastics: Accumulation, Depuration and Evaluation of the Expression Levels of a Selection of Molecular Biomarkers
Authors: Pizzurro Federica , Nerone Eliana , Ancora Massimo , Di Domenico Marco , Mincarelli Luana Fiorella , Cammà Cesare , Salini Romolo , Di Renzo Ludovica , Di Giacinto Federica , Corbau Corinne , Bokan Itana , Ferri Nicola , Recchi Sara
Published: December 2023

Microplastic contamination is a growing marine environmental issue with possible consequences for seafood safety. Filter feeders are the target species for microplastic (MPs) pollution because they filter large quantities of seawater to feed. In the present study, an experimental contamination of Mytilus galloprovincialis was conducted using a mixture of the main types of MPs usually present in the seawater column (53% filaments, 30% fragments, 3% granules) in order to test the purification process as a potential method for removing these contaminants from bivalves intended for human consumption. A set of molecular biomarkers was also evaluated in order to detect any variations in the expression levels of some genes associated with biotransformation and detoxification, DNA repair, cellular response, and the immune system. Our results demonstrate that: (a) the purification process can significantly reduce MP contamination in M. galloprovincialis; (b) a differential expression level has been observed between mussels tested and in particular most of the differences were found in the gills, thus defining it as the target organ for the use of these biomarkers. Therefore, this study further suggests the potential use of molecular biomarkers as an innovative method, encouraging their use in next-generation marine monitoring programs.
On-Farm Methane Mitigation and Animal Health Assessment of a Commercially Available Tannin Supplement in Organic Dairy Heifers
Authors: Schilling-Hazlett Ashley , Raynor Edward J. , Thompson Logan , Velez Juan , Place Sara , Stackhouse-Lawson Kim
Published: December 2023

The objective of this experiment was to demonstrate the effectiveness of a commercially available tannin product (Silvafeed® ByPro, 70% tannic acid) as an enteric methane (CH4) mitigation and preventative animal health strategy in Holstein heifers (BW = 219 ± 17 kg; 9 mo), reared under organic production system requirements. Twenty heifers were randomly assigned to one of four commercial tannin supplementation treatments as follows: 0% (0 g/hd/d; CON), 0.075% (~5 g/hd/d; LOW), 0.15% (~10 g/hd/d; MED), and 0.30% (~21 g/hd/d; HIG) of dry matter intake (DMI). Heifers received their treatment in individual animal feeding stanchions and were fed a basal total mixed ration (TMR) through four SmartFeed Pro intake measurement bunk systems (C-Lock Inc., Rapid City, SD, USA) for 45 d. An automatic head chamber system (AHCS; i.e., GreenFeed, C-Lock Inc., Rapid City, SD, USA) was used to continuously evaluate enteric CH4 production. No effect was observed among the treatments for CH4 emissions (p ≥ 0.55), animal performance (p ≥ 0.38), or oxidative stress biomarker concentration (p ≥ 0.55). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations exhibited a linear response to increasing tannin dose (p = 0.003), indicating a potential tannin effect on the antioxidant status of dairy heifers. This observation may encourage future tannin research relating to animal health, which may be of particular interest to organic dairy systems. The results of this study suggest that tannin supplementation at 0%, 0.075%, 0.15%, and 0.30% of DMI, did not alter CH4 emissions, animal performance, or oxidative stress biomarker concentration in organic Holstein heifers when assessed under an on-farm research approach. Further, the results of this study affirm the challenges associated with on-farm research and the development of climate-smart strategies that are capable of mitigating climate impacts in less controlled environments under standard working conditions.
PTC596-Induced BMI-1 Inhibition Fights Neuroblastoma Multidrug Resistance by Inducing Ferroptosis
Authors: Valenti Giulia Elda , Roveri Antonella , Venerando Rina , Menichini Paola , Monti Paola , Tasso Bruno , Traverso Nicola , Domenicotti Cinzia , Marengo Barbara
Published: December 2023

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a paediatric cancer with noteworthy heterogeneity ranging from spontaneous regression to high-risk forms that are characterised by cancer relapse and the acquisition of drug resistance. The most-used anticancer drugs exert their cytotoxic effect by inducing oxidative stress, and long-term therapy has been demonstrated to cause chemoresistance by enhancing the antioxidant response of NB cells. Taking advantage of an in vitro model of multidrug-resistant (MDR) NB cells, characterised by high levels of glutathione (GSH), the overexpression of the oncoprotein BMI-1, and the presence of a mutant P53 protein, we investigated a new potential strategy to fight chemoresistance. Our results show that PTC596, an inhibitor of BMI-1, exerted a high cytotoxic effect on MDR NB cells, while PRIMA-1MET, a compound able to reactivate mutant P53, had no effect on the viability of MDR cells. Furthermore, both PTC596 and PRIMA-1MET markedly reduced the expression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition proteins and limited the clonogenic potential and the cancer stemness of MDR cells. Of particular interest is the observation that PTC596, alone or in combination with PRIMA-1MET and etoposide, significantly reduced GSH levels, increased peroxide production, stimulated lipid peroxidation, and induced ferroptosis. Therefore, these findings suggest that PTC596, by inhibiting BMI-1 and triggering ferroptosis, could be a promising approach to fight chemoresistance.
Sesquiterpenes and Sesquiterpene Derivatives from Ferula: Their Chemical Structures, Biosynthetic Pathways, and Biological Properties
Authors: Wang Junchi , Zheng Qi , Wang Huaxiang , Shi Leiling , Wang Guoping , Zhao Yaqin , Fan Congzhao , Si Jianyong
Published: December 2023

Ferula is a genus of flowering plants known for its edible and medicinal properties. Since ancient times, many species of Ferula have been used in traditional medicine to treat various health issues across countries, such as digestive disorders, respiratory problems, and even as a remedy for headaches and toothaches. In addition, they are also used as a flavoring agent in various cuisines. As the main active ingredients in Ferula, sesquiterpenes and their derivatives, especially sesquiterpene coumarins, sesquiterpene phenylpropanoids, and sesquiterpene chromones, have attracted the attention of scientists due to the diversity of their chemical structures, as well as their extensive and promising biological properties, such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial properties. However, there has not been a comprehensive review of sesquiterpenes and their derivatives from this plant. This review aims to provide an overview of the chemical structures, biosynthetic pathways, and biological properties of sesquiterpenes and sesquiterpene derivatives from Ferula, which may help guide future research directions and possible application methods for this valuable edible and medicinal plant.
The Role of Cryptogams in Soil Property Regulation and Vascular Plant Regeneration: A Review
Authors: Qu Meixue , Duan Wenbiao , Chen Lixin
Published: December 2023

Despite their small size, cryptogams (lichen, liverwort, and moss) are important for ecosystem stability. Due to their strong stress resistance, cryptogams often cover extreme environments uninhabitable for vascular plants, which has an important impact on the material cycle and energy flow of various terrestrial ecosystems. In this article, we review and discuss the effects of cryptogams on soil properties (moisture and fertility) and vascular plant regeneration over the past two decades. Cryptogams strongly affect soil water content by influencing precipitation infiltration, non-rainfall water input, soil evaporation, soil water holding capacity, and soil permeability, ultimately helping to reduce soil water content in areas with low annual precipitation (<500 mm). However, in areas with high annual precipitation (>600 mm) or where the soil has other water sources, the presence of cryptograms is conducive to soil water accumulation. Cryptogam plants can increase soil fertility and the availability of soil nutrients (TOC, TN, TP, TK, and micronutrients) in harsh environments, but their effects in mild environments have not been sufficiently investigated. Cryptogam plants exert complex effects on vascular plant regeneration in different environments. The primary influence pathways include the physical barrier of seed distribution, shading, allelopathy, competition, influences on ectomycorrhizal development and individual reproduction, and the regulation of soil water content, temperature, and nutrients.
Reliability Assessment of Statistical Distributions for Analyzing Dielectric Breakdown Strength of Polypropylene
Authors: Park Keon-Hee , Lee Seung-Won , Kim Hae-Jong , Lim Jang-Seob
Published: December 2023

Various statistical distributions, such as Weibull, log-normal, and exponential functions, are frequently employed to interpret the dielectric breakdown (BD) strength data of insulating materials, including cross-linked polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene. This study aimed to determine a suitable statistical distribution for analyzing the dielectric BD strength data of PP insulators before and after thermal degradation. Dielectric BD strength tests were conducted on thermally deteriorated PP insulators under various degradation conditions. Additionally, a coefficient of determination was employed to assess the compatibility between the dielectric BD strength data and the statistical distribution of PP insulators before and after thermal degradation. The test results indicate that the coefficient of determination for alternating current BD strength data was 0.955 in the log-normal distribution before degradation and 0.929 in the Weibull distribution after degradation. Consequently, in the analysis of the PP insulation breakdown data, the log-normal distribution was found to be suitable for data before degradation, while the Weibull distribution was deemed suitable for data after degradation. These results can lead to lower errors in the power system design process, enhancing reliability when analyzing the BD strength data of insulation materials.
Bioprocessing and Fermentation Technology for Biomass Conversion
Authors: Wall Adeline A. J. , Rabemanolontsoa Harifara , Venus Joachim
Published: December 2023

In an era where concerns about climate change intersect with the global energy crisis, there is a growing emphasis on alternative resources [...]
SIPNet & SAHI: Multiscale Sunspot Extraction for High-Resolution Full Solar Images
Authors: Fan Dongxin , Yang Yunfei , Feng Song , Dai Wei , Liang Bo , Xiong Jianping
Published: December 2023

Photospheric magnetic fields are manifested as sunspots, which cover various sizes over high-resolution, full-disk, solar continuum images. This paper proposes a novel deep learning method named SIPNet, which is designed to extract and segment multiscale sunspots. It presents a new Switchable Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling (SASPP) module based on ASPP, employs an IoU-aware dense object detector, and incorporates a prototype mask generation technique. Furthermore, an open-source framework known as Slicing Aided Hyper Inference (SAHI) is integrated on top of the trained SIPNet model. A comprehensive sunspot dataset is built, containing more than 27,000 sunspots. The precision, recall, and average precision metrics of the SIPNet & SAHI method were measured as 95.7%, 90.2%, and 96.1%, respectively. The results indicate that the SIPNet & SAHI method has good performance in detecting and segmenting large-scale sunspots, particularly in small and ultra-small sunspots. The method also provides a new solution for solving similar problems.
Changes in Temperature and Precipitation Trends in Selected Polish Cities Based on the Results of Regional EURO-CORDEX Climate Models in the 2030–2050 Horizon
Authors: Struzewska Joanna , Kaminski Jacek W. , Jefimow Maciej
Published: December 2023

This study presents the potential impacts of climate change in 49 Polish cities by analyzing seven climate indicators. The analysis was carried out for the following three horizons: the current climate conditions (an average period spanning 2006 to 2015), near-future conditions (an average period spanning 2026 to 2035), and future conditions (an average period spanning 2046 to 2055). Climate indices were computed with bias-corrected EURO-CORDEX model ensembles from two Representative Concentration Pathway scenarios, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. The systematic error was reduced using the quantile mapping method with a non-parametric approach of robust empirical quantiles (RQUANT). Data were used as references in the period of current climate conditions, and those required for bias correction consisted of historical ground-based observations provided by the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. The analysis encompassed various key climate indices, including the annual average temperature, the count of hot days, cold days, and frost days, the cumulative annual precipitation, the frequency of days with precipitation, and instances of extreme precipitation (defined as the days with precipitation exceeding 10 mm/day). These findings reveal a noteworthy rise in the average annual temperature of approximately 1 °C and an uptick in the number of hot days by 3.7 days. Conversely, a decline in the number of cold days by approximately 19 days and frost days by 8 days was observed. Additionally, there was an augmentation in the annual precipitation sum, reaching up to 80 mm in RCP 8.5, accompanied by an increase in the number of days with precipitation (up by 3.3 days) and days with extreme precipitation (up by 2 days).
Biodegradable Magnesium Alloys for Biomedical Implants: Properties, Challenges, and Surface Modifications with a Focus on Orthopedic Fixation Repair
Authors: Thomas Kevin Koshy , Zafar Mah Noor , Pitt William G. , Husseini Ghaleb A.
Published: December 2023

Biomedical devices made from high-modulus and hardness materials play a critical role in enhancing the quality of life for people with bone-related ailments. While these materials have been successfully used in orthopedic applications, concerns including stress-shielding have necessitated the exploration of alternative solutions. An ideal biomedical implant requires a delicate balance of mechanical performance, corrosion resistance, tissue biocompatibility, and other properties such as tribological performance and osseointegration. This review explores the suitability of biodegradable magnesium (Mg) alloys as a promising material for biomedical implants. It delves into the essential properties of biomedical implants, emphasizing the importance of matching mechanical characteristics with human bone properties to mitigate stress shielding. The corrosion properties of implant materials are discussed, highlighting the need for controlled degradation to ensure the safety and longevity of implants. The focus then shifts to the potential of magnesium alloys as biomedical implants, examining their benefits, limitations, and the challenges associated with their high degradation rates and less-than-satisfactory mechanical properties. Alloying with elements such as aluminum, zinc, and others is explored to improve magnesium alloys’ mechanical performance and corrosion resistance. Furthermore, this review discusses surface modification techniques, including chemical conversion coatings and biomimetic deposition, as effective strategies to enhance the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of magnesium and its alloys. These modifications offer opportunities to improve the long-term performance of magnesium-based biomedical implants. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the properties, challenges, and potential solutions associated with biodegradable magnesium alloys as a promising material for biomedical implants. It underscores the importance of addressing problems related to mechanical performance, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility to advance the development of safe and effective biomedical implant materials.
Stability Control Method and Field Testing of High Embankment with Red Bed Soft Rock and Soil Stone Mixture Fill Roadbed
Authors: Zhou Yingxin , Chai Fu , Zhou Biao , Xie Xiongyao
Published: December 2023

Post-construction settlement in embankments is a crucial quality indicator and a significant factor influencing the long-term stability of roadbeds. Especially for the mixed-fill materials, by considering the uncertainty of composition and mechanical properties, it is important to predict and take construction measures to control post-construction settlement. In this paper, taking the construction of high-fill embankments with red bed soft rock mixture as the background, the deformation characteristics of mixed-fill materials were revealed first. Then, a dynamic–static coupling method for roadbed filling was proposed, and corresponding control parameters were provided. Finally, by employing ABAQUS 2016 for long-term settlement numerical simulations and conducting load-bearing preloading tests, the deformation patterns of the high embankment with red bed soft rock mixture fill roadbed were revealed.
Bone Regeneration Potential of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells in Combination with Cold Atmospheric Plasma-Pretreated Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate: An In Vivo Assessment
Authors: Miletić Maja , Puač Nevena , Škoro Nikola , Brković Božidar , Andrić Miroslav , Prokić Bogomir Bolka , Danilović Vesna , Milutinović-Smiljanić Sanja , Mitrović-Ajtić Olivera , Mojsilović Slavko
Published: December 2023

In regenerative bone tissue medicine, combining artificial bone substitutes with progenitor cells is a prospective approach. Surface modification via cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) enhances biomaterial–cell interactions, which are crucial for successful bone regeneration. Using a rabbit calvarial critical-size defect model, we assessed the use of CAP-pretreated beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), alone or with periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), for bone regeneration. Histological and histomorphometric analyses at two and four weeks revealed significantly improved bone regeneration and reduced inflammation in the CAP-treated β-TCP with PDLSCs compared to β-TCP alone. Immunohistochemical analysis also showed an increase in the bone healing markers, including bone morphogenic proteins 2 and 4, runt-related transcription factor 2, collagen-1, and osteonectin, after two and four weeks in the CAP-treated β-TCP implants with PDLSC. This in vivo study demonstrates for the first time the superior bone regenerative capacity of CAP-pretreated β-TCP seeded with PDLSCs, highlighting the therapeutic potential of this combined approach in osteoregeneration.
Highlighting the Terroir Influence on the Aromatic Profile of Two Romanian White Wines
Authors: Popescu (Stegarus) Diana Ionela , Botoran Oana Romina , Ionete Roxana Elena , Sandru Daniela , Sutan Nicoleta Anca , Niculescu Violeta-Carolina
Published: December 2023

Climate conditions clearly influence the concentration of important substances in grapes, generating chemical reactions that will determine the final wine aromas. Three different regions were chosen to cover the most important viticultural areas from Romania. The aim of this study was to highlight, for the first time, the volatile profile for two Romanian white wines, Feteasca regala and Feteasca alba, from three different vineyards (Silagiu, Aiud, and Sarica Niculițel). The results showed that wine’s aromatic profile was directly proportional with the area of origin for the grapes, directly correlated to the climate. The obtained values for alcohols, esters, aldehydes, and terpenoid compounds were also related to the oenoclimatic aptitude index, a significant accumulation of aroma compounds being observed mainly for the Feteasca regala wine. A total of 17 superior alcohols were evidenced within the two types of wines, among them, 2-phenyl ethanol being distinguished by its higher level in all samples, varying from 7692 up to 11,783 µg/L. Together with some aromatic esters, it offers one of the most pleasant aromas, resembling rose flavour. Of all the acids found in wines, the succinic acid has the most intense flavour, tasting somehow bitter and salty, imprinting to wine a certain “juiciness” and “vinosity”. Diethyl succinate was one of the main esters in all six samples, with concentrations from 777 up to 1200 µg/L. Also, two terpenoid compounds and two aldehydes were found in all samples. The data obtained from PCA evaluation suggested that there is a significant variance among wine varieties. Nevertheless, hierarchical clustering was applied to explain the relationship between the six samples of wines, the smallest clusters that included Silagiu and Aiud winegrowing regions suggesting an increased similarity of the compositional profile.
Impact of Filling Stations: Assessing the Risks and Consequences of the Release of Hazardous Substances
Authors: Mäkká Katarína , Šiser Anton , Mariš Ladislav , Kampová Katarína
Published: December 2023

In today’s world, where environmental protection and sustainability are increasingly important, it is essential to pay attention to the environmental impact of different industries. One of these industries with a potentially significant impact on life, human health, the environment, and property is gas stations, which are essential links in the fuel supply chain. This article focuses on the topic of assessing the impact of gas stations on surrounding environments and will examine the potential negative impacts that these operations can have on society and the environment. The aim of the paper is to analyze how gas stations affect their surroundings in the event of an incident involving a spill of hazardous substances. The scope of the paper is to assess the impacts of a spill of hazardous substances from a gas station, with an emphasis on assessing the risks and consequences on the life and health of the people in the immediate vicinity of the gas station. The selected gas station’s location in the High Tatras National Park enhances the study’s significance due to the unique environmental context, heightened environmental sensitivity, and potential legislative implications. ALOHA software version 5.4.7 was chosen for simulating the release of hazardous substance due to its extensive substance database, mathematical models, support for various release sources, internet availability, and graphical result representation. This manuscript argues for risk assessment beyond current legislation, addressing unclassified sources of risk. This research contributes by utilizing predictive modeling, recognizing environmental contexts, and emphasizing legislative attention. It discusses the consequences of emergency scenarios involving gasoline and LPG, addresses potential limitations and uncertainties, and advocates for accident prevention and risk assessment, especially in environmentally sensitive areas. The conclusion suggests improvements in predictive modeling, legislative adaptation, collaboration, and an expanded scope of analysis for future research. The aim of the paper is also to discuss measures that can be taken to minimize these impacts and ensure sustainable and safe operation. Assessing the risks arising from the operation of gas stations contributes to the development of measures to protect and preserve our environment for future generations.
The Potential of Complementary Sex-Determiner Gene Allelic Diversity for Studying the Number of Patrilines within Honeybee Colonies
Authors: Mroczek Robert , Niedbalska-Tarnowska Joanna , Moškrič Ajda , Adamczyk-Węglarzy Kinga , Łaszkiewicz Agnieszka , Cebrat Małgorzata
Published: December 2023

Polyandry, a fundamental aspect of honeybee biology, influences genetic diversity within bee colonies. The Csd gene, responsible for sex determination, exhibits a high intraspecific polymorphism, making it a promising candidate for studying patrilines. This study investigates the potential of the complementary sex-determiner gene (Csd) as a marker for genetic studies of honeybee colonies, comparing its efficacy with standard microsatellite markers. A worker bee brood from five colonies was genotyped using both Csd and microsatellite markers. The results showed that Csd alleles offer higher variability than microsatellite markers, providing a superior resolution in genotyping. The number of distinct Csd alleles in each colony surpassed microsatellite markers, demonstrating the potential of Csd for detailed genetic analyses. Despite challenges in Csd amplification efficiency, a two-step nested PCR protocol proved effective. Interestingly, Csd genotyping alone identified more patrilines than the set of five microsatellite markers, emphasizing its efficacy. Combining Csd and microsatellite genotyping enhances the resolution of genetic studies in honeybee colonies, offering valuable insights into genetic diversity, reproductive success, and social dynamics. The Csd gene emerges as a promising tool for advancing genetic studies in honeybee populations.
State Murals, Protest Murals, Conflict Murals: Evolving Politics of Public Art in Ukraine
Authors: Leahy Emma Louise
Published: December 2023

Russian interference and invasion in Ukraine have transformed that nation’s historical practice of mural painting. A traditional art form with deep religious and political resonance in Ukraine, murals have become an instrument for patriotic mass mobilisation against the Russian military threat. From the mid-2000s, spraypaint graffiti underwent a gradual process of professionalisation and reconciliation with mainstream culture as Ukrainian municipalities pursued urban beautification initiatives and city-branding strategies to mitigate the socioeconomic challenges of postsocialism. It was this legacy of apolitical, privately funded street art that provided the foundations for patriotic muralism following the Maidan “Revolution of Dignity” and the Russian annexation of Crimea. Amidst the post-Maidan search for a postcolonial understanding of Ukrainian culture disentangled from Soviet and Russian influences, professionally produced murals in central urban districts proposed new visions of national identity. The war’s intensification since 2022 has resulted in a decentralisation of mural production. No longer reliant on international festivals in urban centres, conflict murals are now made by Ukrainian artists in large cities and small towns across the country. The newest murals represent a blending of the physical and digital—with a subject matter often inspired by viral conflict memes; artworks are, in turn, shared with worldwide audiences via social media.
Exact and Approximate Solutions for Some Classes of the Inhomogeneous Pantograph Equation
Authors: Al Qarni A. A.
Published: December 2023

The standard pantograph delay equation (SPDDE) is one of the famous delay models. This standard model is basically homogeneous in nature and it has been extensively studied in the literature. However, the studies on the general inhomogeneous form of such a model seem rare. This paper considers the inhomogeneous pantograph delay equation (IPDDE) with a kind of arbitrary inhomogeneous term. This arbitrary inhomogeneous term is used in different forms to generate various classes of IPDDEs. The solutions of the present classes are obtained in closed series forms which satisfy the criteria of convergence. Also, the exact solutions are determined for these classes under a certain relation between the given initial condition of the model and the initial value of the inhomogeneous term. Several classes are generated and solved when the inhomogeneous term takes the form of trigonometric, exponential, and hyperbolic functions. Some existing results in the literature are recovered as special cases of the present ones. Moreover, the behaviors of the obtained solutions are demonstrated through graphs for various kinds of IPDDEs.
Laccase and Biomass Production via Submerged Cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus Using Wine Lees
Authors: Bakratsas Georgios , Antoniadis Kyriakos , Athanasiou Panagiotis E. , Katapodis Petros , Stamatis Haralambos
Published: December 2023

Large quantities of wine lees are produced annually by the wine industry. The high phenolic content makes them unsuitable for disposal in the environment or animal feed without a suitable treatment. In this study, wine lees were treated by Pleurotus ostreatus in submerged cultivation, producing a high-value biomass and elevated levels of laccase, an important industrial enzyme. Biomass and laccase production reached 21 g/L and 74,000 Units/L, respectively, at the optimal conditions of initial pH 6.0, 20% v/v wine lees, 30 g/L glucose, and 20 g/L yeast extract, while decolorization and dephenolization rates of the waste were over 90%. The mycelial biomass was rich in proteins and essential amino acids reaching up to 43% and 16% per dry weight, respectively. Carbohydrates and lipids were the second richest bioactive compound in biomass, with values of 29.4 ± 2.7% and 29.5 ± 2.7%, respectively. The crude laccase in the culture supernatant was purified via a simple two-step purification procedure by 4.4-fold with a recovery of 44%. The molecular weight of the enzyme was determined to be 62 kDa via SDS electrophoresis. Enzyme activity was optimal at pH 5.0 and 70 °C. The activation energy of the enzyme was calculated at a value of 20.0 ± 0.2 kJ/mol. The pH stability and thermostability of the purified laccase were studied. The enzyme was remarkably stable at pH 8.0 and at temperatures up to 40 °C. The thermal inactivation energy of the enzyme was determined to be 76.0 ± 1.2 kJ/mol. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔH*, ΔG*, and ΔS*) for the thermal deactivation of the purified laccase at a temperature range of 20–60 °C were: 73.8 ≤ ΔH* ≤ 74.3 kJ·mol−1, 98.7 ≤ ΔG* ≤ 101.9 kJ·mol−1, and −90.5 ≤ ΔS* ≤ −84.3 J·mol−1·K−1. Wine lees could be ideal substrates of fungal cultivation for laccase production and biomass with a high protein content in an eco-friendlier way.
Psychosocial Work Conditions as Determinants of Well-Being in Jamaican Police Officers: The Mediating Role of Perceived Job Stress and Job Satisfaction
Authors: Nelson Kenisha , Smith Andrew P.
Published: December 2023

Policing is considered a high-stress occupation due to the demanding nature of the job. Addressing police stress requires a detailed understanding of how psychosocial risk factors influence various aspects of their well-being. Moreover, an analysis of the direct effects of work conditions and the mediating effects of cognitive appraisals is also warranted. Using the Demands–Resources–Individual Effects (DRIVE) model of work-related stress this study investigated the direct effects of work conditions on well-being and also examined the intermediate role of perceived job stress and job satisfaction in the relationship between work conditions and well-being. Five hundred and seventy-eight police officers from the Jamaica Constabulary Force (J.C.F.) completed the questionnaire. Data were analyzed using hierarchical regressions and the Hayes Process tool for mediation analysis. Both perceived job stress and satisfaction mediated the relationship between work conditions and general physical health. Perceived job stress was an indirect pathway through which work conditions influenced psychological distress, whereas job satisfaction was not a significant mediator. In contrast, job satisfaction mediated the relationship between work conditions and positive well-being, but perceived job stress did not. These findings provide significant evidence for periodically monitoring and auditing perceptions of stress and job satisfaction, as they are likely precursors to subsequent health problems.
The Power of Peer Leaders: Exploring the Link between Peer Leadership Behaviors and Sustainable Work Outcomes
Authors: Edelmann Charlotte M. , Boen Filip , Stouten Jeroen , Vande Broek Gert , Fransen Katrien
Published: December 2023

Most leadership studies primarily focus on formal leaders, often overlooking the influence of leaders within the team. While prior research has shown that peer leaders can have a beneficial impact on various team outcomes, it is yet unclear which peer leadership behaviors precisely foster a supportive and sustainable work environment. Building upon the recent identification of 10 peer leadership roles and 37 underlying functions, the current study aims to investigate the relationships between these peer leadership roles and functions and key outcomes (i.e., job satisfaction, team cohesion, team effectiveness, and OCB). A total of 31 organizational teams, comprising 182 employees from diverse sectors, participated in a quantitative survey. Employing multilevel modeling analysis, the findings demonstrated that each leadership role and nearly every function predicted at least one outcome, highlighting their significance within organizational teams. Additionally, Necessary Condition Analysis revealed that specific roles and functions were necessary for generating one or more outcomes. Finally, we found that most of the significant relationships remained consistent across teams, regardless of their size, tenure, or level of team identification. These findings refine our understanding of shared leadership and how peer leaders can create a sustainable workplace by fostering employee well-being and productivity in organizational teams.
Image-Enhanced U-Net: Optimizing Defect Detection in Window Frames for Construction Quality Inspection
Authors: Vasquez Jorge , Furuhata Tomotake , Shimada Kenji
Published: December 2023

Ensuring the structural integrity of window frames and detecting subtle defects, such as dents and scratches, is crucial for maintaining product quality. Traditional machine vision systems face challenges in defect identification, especially with reflective materials and varied environments. Modern machine and deep learning (DL) systems hold promise for post-installation inspections but face limitations due to data scarcity and environmental variability. Our study introduces an innovative approach to enhance DL-based defect detection, even with limited data. We present a comprehensive window frame defect detection framework incorporating optimized image enhancement, data augmentation, and a core U-Net model. We constructed five datasets using cell phones and the Spot Robot for autonomous inspection, evaluating our approach across various scenarios and lighting conditions in real-world window frame inspections. Our results demonstrate significant performance improvements over the standard U-Net model, with a notable 7.43% increase in the F1 score and 15.1% in IoU. Our approach enhances defect detection capabilities, even in challenging real-world conditions. To enhance the generalizability of this study, it would be advantageous to apply its methodology across a broader range of diverse construction sites.
Digital-Twin-Based Fire Safety Management Framework for Smart Buildings
Authors: Almatared Manea , Liu Hexu , Abudayyeh Osama , Hakim Obaidullah , Sulaiman Mohammed
Published: December 2023

In recent years, the implementation of digital twin (DT) technology has gained significant attention in various industries. However, the fire safety management (FSM) sector has been relatively slow in adopting this technology compared to other major industries. Therefore, this study aims to explore the limitations, opportunities, and challenges associated with adopting DT technology in the FSM sector and further develop a DT-based FSM framework towards smart facility management (FM). To achieve this objective, this research started by reviewing several promising DTs for FSM, including building information modeling (BIM), the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and augmented reality (AR). On this basis, a conceptual framework was synthesized in consideration of the benefits of each technology. A questionnaire was conducted for FM professionals to evaluate the proposed framework and identify the challenges of adopting DT in the FSM sector. The survey results reveal that the proposed framework can assist decision makers in obtaining comprehensive information about facilities’ communication among stakeholders. The survey results validate the potential of the adoption of DTs toward smart FM practices in FSM. The survey results provide insights into the perception of DT technology among FM practitioners and identify the current state of DT technology in the FSM sector, its expected benefits, and its potential challenges. The main barriers to adopting DTs in FSM are a lack of knowledge about DTs, their initial costs, user acceptance, difficulties in systems integration, education training costs, a lack of competence, development complexity, difficulties in data management, and a lack of trust in data security.
Research on Damage Identification of Arch Bridges Based on Deflection Influence Line Analytical Theory
Authors: Zhou Yu , Li Meng , Shi Yingdi , Xu Chengchao , Zhang Dewei , Zhou Mingyang
Published: December 2023

There is no analytical solution to the deflection influence line of catenary hingeless arches nor an explicit solution to the deflection influence line difference curvature of variable section hingeless arches. Based on the force method equation, a deflection influence line analytical solution at any location before and after structural damage is obtained, and then an explicit solution of the deflection influence line difference curvature of the structural damage is obtained. The indexes suitable for arch structure damage identification are presented. Based on analytical theory and a finite element model, the feasibility of identifying damage at a single location and multiple locations of an arch bridge is verified. This research shows that when a moving load acts on a damaged area of an arch structure, the curvature of the deflection influence line difference will mutate, which proves theoretically that the deflection influence line difference curvature can be used for the damage identification of hingeless arch structures. This research has provided theoretical support for hingeless arch bridge design and evaluation. Combined with existing bridge monitoring methods, the new bridge damage identification method proposed in this paper has the potential to realize normal health status assessments of existing arch bridges in the future.
Renal Cell Carcinoma in End-Stage Kidney Disease and the Role of Transplantation
Authors: Robinson Samuel , Nag Alena , Peticca Benjamin , Prudencio Tomas , Di Carlo Antonio , Karhadkar Sunil
Published: December 2023

Kidney transplant patients have a higher risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) compared to non-transplanted end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients. This increased risk has largely been associated with the use of immunosuppression; however, recent genetic research highlights the significance of tissue specificity in cancer driver genes. The implication of tissue specificity becomes more obscure when addressing transplant patients, as two distinct metabolic environments are present within one individual. The oncogenic potential of donor renal tissue is largely unknown but assumed to pose minimal risk to the kidney transplant recipient (KTR). Our review challenges this notion by examining how donor and recipient microenvironments impact a transplant recipient’s associated risk of renal cell carcinoma. In doing so, we attempt to encapsulate how ESKD-RCC and KTR-RCC differ in their incidence, pathogenesis, outcome, and approach to management.
The β-Secretase 1 Enzyme as a Novel Therapeutic Target for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Rather Hilal A. , Almousa Sameh , Kumar Ashish , Sharma Mitu , Pennington Isabel , Kim Susy , Su Yixin , He Yangen , Ghara Abdollah R. , Sai Kiran Kumar Solingapuram , Navone Nora M. , Vander Griend Donald J. , Deep Gagan
Published: December 2023

Recent studies have demonstrated the association of APP and Aβ with cancer, suggesting that BACE1 may play an important role in carcinogenesis. In the present study, we assessed BACE1’s usefulness as a therapeutic target in prostate cancer (PCa). BACE1 expression was observed in human PCa tissue samples, patient-derived xenografts (PDX), human PCa xenograft tissue in nude mice, and transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) tissues by immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis. Additionally, the downstream product of BACE1 activity, i.e., Aβ1-42 expression, was also observed in these PCa tissues by IHC as well as by PET imaging in TRAMP mice. Furthermore, BACE1 gene expression and activity was confirmed in several established PCa cell lines (LNCaP, C4-2B-enzalutamide sensitive [S], C4-2B-enzalutamide resistant [R], 22Rv1-S, 22Rv1-R, PC3, DU145, and TRAMP-C1) by real-time PCR and fluorometric assay, respectively. Treatment with a pharmacological inhibitor of BACE1 (MK-8931) strongly reduced the proliferation of PCa cells in in vitro and in vivo models, analyzed by multiple assays (MTT, clonogenic, and trypan blue exclusion assays and IHC). Cell cycle analyses revealed an increase in the sub-G1 population and a significant modulation in other cell cycle stages (G1/S/G2/M) following MK-8931 treatment. Most importantly, in vivo administration of MK-8931 intraperitoneal (30 mg/kg) strongly inhibited TRAMP-C1 allograft growth in immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice (approximately 81% decrease, p = 0.019). Furthermore, analysis of tumor tissue using the prostate cancer-specific pathway array revealed the alteration of several genes involved in PCa growth and progression including Forkhead O1 (FOXO1). All together, these findings suggest BACE1 as a novel therapeutic target in advanced PCa.
Synergistic Use of Thermostable Laccase and Xylanase in Optimizing the Pre-Bleaching of Kraft Pulp
Authors: Patel Kartik , Vaghamshi Nilam , Shah Kamlesh , Duggirala Srinivas Murty , Ghelani Anjana , Dudhagara Pravin , Shyu Douglas J. H.
Published: December 2023

The continuous requirement for pre-bleaching processes on kraft pulp, employing a range of compatible enzymes, aims to mitigate the pollution caused by chemical bleaching agents. In the present study, the laccase-producing bacterium Bacillus licheniformis BK-1 was isolated from the Bakreshwar hot spring in India and tested for laccase production using different lignocellulosic substrates. The isolate was found to produce maximum laccase (8.25 IU/mL) in the presence of rice bran as a substrate, followed by 5.14 IU/mL using sawdust over a 48 h period. Laccase production doubled when medium parameters were optimized using a central composite design. The bleaching of rice straw pulp was accomplished using a laccase, xylanase (previously extracted from the same bacteria), and laccase–xylanase mixture. The mix-wood kraft pulp treated with the enzyme mixture at pH 7.0 and 50 °C temperature for up to 180 min reduced the chlorine amount by 50% compared to the control. The results also revealed that the enzyme mixture improved the pulp’s optical (brightness 10.39%) and physical (tear index 39.77%, burst index 22.82%, and tensile strength 14.28%) properties with 50% chlorine dose. These exceptional properties underscore the enzyme mixture’s suitability for pulp pre-bleaching in paper manufacturing, offering a safer and more environmentally friendly process.
Conversion of CO2 into Glycolic Acid: A Review of Main Steps and Future Challenges
Authors: Tavares Lima Marcelo , Salifou Nouridine Ousseini , Brigagão George Victor , Itabaiana Ivaldo , Wojcieszak Robert
Published: December 2023

Exploring the potential of utilizing CO2 for commercial purposes is a promising opportunity, especially in light of the growing research efforts towards CO2 capture, storage, and utilization as well as green H2 production. This review article delves into catalyst features and other technological aspects of a plausible process for the indirect conversion of CO2 into glycolic acid, which involves the following steps: CO2 capture, water electrolysis, CO2 hydrogenation to methanol, catalytic oxidation to formaldehyde, and formaldehyde carbonylation to glycolic acid. We adopt an industrial perspective to address this challenge effectively, thoroughly evaluating different processing alternatives with emphasis on the catalytic systems to optimize glycolic acid production performance.