bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF Ge-DOPING POSITION ON THE ELECTRONIC BAND STRUCTURE OF InP NANOWIRE
Authors: Ozkapi Sena
Published: September 2024

In this study, the effect of Ge-doping on the electronic band structure of [111] oriented zinc-blende InP nanowires has been investigated using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. The pure and H-passivated nanowires are formed to have a diameter of 1.5 nm. The doped InP nanowires are modeled by changing the position of the Ge atom. In place of In and P atoms, which are removed separately from different positions of the nanowire, Ge atoms are substituted. In order to determine the electronic properties, the band structures of all nanowires have been calculated. It is shown that the band structures obtained in the doping made by removing the In atom exhibit the character of an n-type semiconductor, while the band structures obtained in the doping made by removing the P atom form a p-type semiconductor.
AN ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT CHAINING MODES IN SYMMETRIC CRYPTOGRAPHIC ALGORITHMS APPLIED IN DIGITAL IMAGE TRANSMISSION
Authors: Sarcevic Djordje , Rudnjanin Dragan , Djokic Ana , Stefanovic Hana
Published: September 2024

In this paper the analysis of the difference between Electronic Code Book (ECB) chaining mode and Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) mode in secure data transmission is given. Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) encryption algorithm is applied while transmitting digital image. Some simulation results, presenting the advantage of using CBC mode, are also provided. A free e-learning software CrypTool is used to create the simulation model and analyze the simulation results.
INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF A SHIP'S AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM USING SYNCHRONOUS JET MOTORS
Authors: Parushev Plamen , Ivanova Ginka , Donev Iliyan
Published: September 2024

The article presents a study of the replacement of asynchronous electric motors with synchronous jet electric motors and an evaluation of the efficiency of a ship's air conditioning system in energy consumption modes. The balance of passenger ship electricity required to control the climate system for ventilation, cooling and heating is analyzed. The assessment was carried out in terms of fuel oil consumption and CO2 emissions. The partial distribution of the energy of the cooling system and the total consumed energy of the ship are considered. Data from real measurements are presented. The amount of energy saved by the proposal to replace the type of electric motors is calculated.
SEASONAL VARIATION OF FLUORIDE ACCUMULATIONS IN ARTIFICIAL POND WATERS ON THE GELIBOLU PENINSULA (TÜRKİYE)
Authors: Tokatlı Cem , Dindar Mediha , Onur Şirin
Published: September 2024

Fluoride has a special importance on especially dental health and high or low levels of fluoride in drinking water may cause dental problems. The Gelibolu Peninsula is located in the northwest part of the Anatolia has a great agricultural potential. There are 4 significant artificial ponds located in the Gelibolu Peninsula (GP) used for irrigation and drinking water supply. The aim of this research was to determine the fluoride accumulations in water of these artificial ponds and to assess the water quality in terms of dental health. Also, Cluster Analysis (CA) was applied to detected data in order to classify the stations in terms of fluoride contents. Water samples were taken from Fındıklı, Değirmendüzü, Tayfur and Uzunhızırlı Ponds during the dry season of 2022 and wet season of 2023 and the fluoride levels of investigated ponds were measured by using spectrophotometric method. The fluoride accumulations in water of artificial ponds of GP were varied from 0.173 – 1.720 ppm. As a result of applied CA, 2 statistically significant clusters were formed named as "Containing relatively higher fluoride zone (C1)" and "Containing relatively lower fluoride zone (C2)".
SOME RESULTS ON FIXED POINT OF FUNCTION IN S-METRIC SPACES
Authors: Karayılan H
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we extend a version of Caristi’s fixed point theorem proved by Bollenbacher and Hicks [ Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 1988; 102(4): 898-900] to S -metric spaces. We also derive some fixed point theorems from our main result.
APPLICATION OF LARGE LANGUAGE MODELS AND NATURAL LANGUAGE UNDERSTANDING IN MULTI-AGENT TOURIST GUIDE FOR GABROVO
Authors: Nedelchev Iliya
Published: September 2024

This paper explores the integration of Large Language Models (LLM) and Natural Language Understanding (NLU) within a multi-agent tourist guide for Gabrovo. In the context of the digital transformation of the tourism industry, this study examines how advanced NLP technologies enhance the tourist experience. The multi-agent tourist guide, powered by LLM and NLU, delivers personalized recommendations, historical insights, and real-time assistance to travelers. This research emphasizes the transformative potential of these technologies in tourism by fostering engagement, promoting cultural immersion, and streamlining navigation. Furthermore, the study highlights the broader implications of AI-driven language models and understanding in preserving cultural heritage. By harnessing LLM and NLU, this tourist guide redefines exploration in Gabrovo and symbolizes a shift in how individuals connect with cultural legacies worldwide. In essence, this paper underscores the significant impact of technology in reshaping multi-agent tourist guides, enriching traveler experiences, and preserving cultural identities in destinations such as Gabrovo.
SPATIO-TEMPORAL SULPHATE ACCUMULATIONS IN WATER OF FELENT STREAM (KÜTAHYA, TÜRKİYE)
Authors: Tokatlı Cem , Köse Esengül , Ustaoğlu Fikret
Published: September 2024

Felent Stream is one of the most significant branches of Porsuk Stream (sub-basin of Sakarya River). It is affected by wastes of industrial, agricultural and thermal springs of Kütahya Province. In this research, spatio- temporal distributions of sulphate (SO4) levels in water of Felent Stream were investigated. For this purpose, 7 stations including up-mid-downstream locations and lentic – lotic components were selected. Water samples were collected in wet and dry seasons of 2022. Also, Cluster Analysis (CA) was applied to detected data in order to classify the stations in terms of SO4 contents. According to detected data, SO4 levels were recorded between 65 – 146 ppm in the wet season, while they were found between 71 – 171 ppm in the dry season. As a result of applied CA, 2 statistically significant clusters were formed named as "Relatively more contaminated zone" and "Relatively less contaminated zone".
DISCRETE DATA APPROXIMATIONS AND THEIR APPLICATION IN ENGINEERING RESEARCH
Authors: Racheva Milena
Published: September 2024

In this paper we present an important aspect in engineering practice. Namely: how to use effectively the data obtained as a result of measurements and approximations of required dependences and parameters. Our aim is to show different approaches to such computations and their philosophy for the engineering applications. Emphasis is placed on the approximation of a limited discrete set of data in order to get Fourier harmonics, when the periodic function is unknown. This idea is supported by realistic and numerically solved examples.
SONOCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF FATTY ACIDS ESTERS FOR PLASTIC`S BIO-ADDITIVES WITH PLASTICIZING EFFECT
Authors: Vassilev Dragomir , Petkova Nadezhda , Yaneva Dobromira , Denev Panteley
Published: September 2024

Plasticizers are additives that increase the plasticity of polymers by increasing the flexibility of macromolecules. The selection of substances with a similar function is carried out in accordance with criteria that include requirements for non-toxicity, good miscibility, low migration ability, low volatility, etc. The plasticizers most used in plastics processing, for example polyvinyl chloride (PVC), are esters of carboxylic acids with linear or branched aliphatic alcohols of moderate chain length. In organic synthesis, research related to the application of ultrasound in the synthesis of esters is promising - the goals set are to reduce reaction time, increase yields, use safe raw materials, and reduce energy consumption. Its influence on the esterification process in the preparation of aliphatic and sucrose esters with short- and medium-chain fatty acids has not been sufficiently studied. The aim of the present study is to apply ultrasound in the esterification of stearic acid with fatty alcohols. The resulting esters are to be used as potential plasticizer additives in plastics, and the possibility of application in polyvinyl chloride has been investigated.
LAND CHANGE DETECTION STUDIES WITH INFORMATION OBTAINED FROM SATELLITE IMAGES
Authors: Özdikililer Egnar , Byalev Denis
Published: September 2024

Satellite images and remote sensing techniques and algorithms makes it possible for us to obtain information about natural and artificial resources on Earth. Mapping the source distributions and observing the change with the images obtained can be done efficiently and makes it possible to evaluate landcover changes. In this context, a study is presented in which the preliminary studies, editing, classifications and transformations that need to be done, and the operations performed by verifying the images numerically and visually are explained. In the scope of this study you can find literature of obtaining and processing satellite images.
USE OF AUGMENTED REALITY TECHNOLOGIES IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS TO VISUALIZE EDUCATIONAL MATERIAL
Authors: Sazhko Halyna , Chaika Alina
Published: September 2024

The article discusses augmented reality technology, provides a brief overview of existing solutions and methods of using augmented reality, and highlights its relevance in the field of education in the context of rapid development of science, technology and engineering. The application of augmented reality to education is described in detail. The authors also proposes a classification of augmented reality technologies for education and provides examples of educational materials that use this technology. Conclusions are drawn regarding the use of augmented reality technologies in education, which will increase motivation to learn, promote better assimilation of information due to the diversity and interactivity of its visual representation, allow transferring part of the students' research work to the field of distance learning, improve learning conditions, promote the development of research skills, memory, imagination, thinking, emotional intelligence.
WELDING OF TITANIUM AND ALUMINUM ALLOYS USING OSCILLATING ELECTRON BEAM AND NIOBIUM FILLER
Authors: Kaisheva Darina , Stoyanov Borislav , Dunchev Vladimir , Kotlarski Georgi , Ormanova Maria , Valkov Stefan
Published: September 2024

Titanium, aluminum and their alloys are increasingly used in a number of industries. Due to their very different thermo-physical parameters, obtaining a strong joint between them is rather difficult. Electron beam technology has been successfully applied to weld Ti/Ti alloys to Al/Al alloys. The aim of the present work is to investigate the influence of specific technological conditions, including the use of niobium filler, on the structure and mechanical properties of an electron beam welded joint of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V and aluminum alloy Al6082-T6. EBW was carried out at following technological conditions: accelerating voltage U=60 kV; beam current I b=25 mA; welding speed v=10 mm/s; section length of the along linear electron beam oscillation l=6 mm; oscillation frequency f=200 Hz. The Nb filler was deposited via magnetron sputtering method. The phase composition of the weld was obtained using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis were used to investigate the structure of the welded joint. The Vickers microhardness in a line perpendicular to the weld seam in the middle depth was measured. The formation of intermetallic phases Ti3Al, TiAl, TiAl3 and NbAl3 was established, also proven by the measured high hardness, reaching 627 HV0.5.
STRUCTURE, MORPHOLOGY AND HARDNESS OF A WAAM BUILT AL99.7 SPECIMEN
Authors: Kotlarski Georgi , Ormanova Maria , Nikitin Alexander , Ossenbrink Ralf , Doynov Nikolay , Valkov Stefan , Michailov Vesselin
Published: September 2024

The present work discusses the possibility of wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) of pure aluminum specimens (Al99.7). The manufactured specimen’s structure was studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments. The morphology of the specimen at different stages of build-up was studied by examining pre-pared micrograph samples using an optical microscope. The resultant structure has a direct influence on the mechanical properties of the specimen, and for this reason the microhardness of the specimen was studied a well. The results of the present study were discussed regarding the change of the structure of the samples with the increase of the specimens’ height during the manufacturing process and its’ influence on the resultant microhardness.
HYBRID SOURCES OF FINANCE OF CORPORATION
Authors: Ivanis Milos
Published: September 2024

Hybrid capital represents the capital obtained through the issuance of hybrid securities, i.e. securities which have the characteristics of both debt and equity securities. These are relatively new forms of securities which originated in countries with a developed capital market due to the lack of possibilities for financing through classical debt and equity securities. Hybrid capital, i.e. hybrid sources of finance mostly consist of: (a) capital from the issue of preference shares, and (b) capital from the issue of hybrid bonds. The aim of this paper is to present both types of securities as well as the possibilities and limitations of their application in the finances of a modern corporation.
TIME SYNCHRONIZATION IN LORA WIRELESS NETWORKS
Authors: Pešović Slađana , Pešović Uroš
Published: September 2024

LoRa technology has brought significant improvements in terms of range and resistance to interference, which has significantly expanded the field of application of wireless sensor networks (WSN) to larger geographical areas. Time synchronization is a significant problem in WSN since it is necessary to synchronize the local clocks of a large number of sensor nodes with sufficient accuracy. Since communication in WSN is performed at low data rates and nodes spend a lot of time in a low-power modes, it becomes challenging to maintain time synchronization between nodes under such conditions. This paper presents the method of time synchronization between WSN network nodes using LoRa technology, and based on measurements, the expecte synchronization accuracy is determined in the case of crystal resonators and crystal oscillators, which are most often used as clock sources in WSN nodes.
EFFECTIVE CUBATURE FORMULA FOR THE APPROXIMATE CALCULATION OF THE TRIPLE INTEGRAL ON THE CLASS OF DIFFERENTIABLE FUNCTIONS
Authors: Nechuiviter Olesia , Kovalchuk Kyrylo
Published: September 2024

The rapid development of digital technologies encourages scientists to create new or improve existing algorithms for solving technical problems. It is time to develop mathematical models with different types of input or experimental data. In particular, in the digital signal and image processing, algorithms for the approximate calculation of integrals from rapidly oscillating functions of many variables are used in the case when the input information is given by the values of the function on lines or planes. The specified results can be easily transferred to the problem of numerical integration of functions of many variables and find their application in mathematical modeling of technical processes. The purpose of this work is to present an effective cubature formula for the approximate calculation of the triple integral on the class of differentiable functions. We consider the formula as effective if it uses less function values compared to the classic algorithm.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF SURFACE CONTAMINATION ON POWER OUTPUT IN PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS
Authors: UMUT İlhan
Published: September 2024

It is known that as the demand for energy increases, fossil resources are decreasing day by day and current electricity prices are increasing. For this reason, renewable energy installations are gaining importance day by day. On the other hand, interest in electricity generation from wind and solar, among renewable energies, is also increasing. However, the fact that solar radiation does not remain constant during the day and that the intensity of solar radiation varies according to seasons negatively affects electricity production. To benefit from solar energy with maximum efficiency, operating conditions in photovoltaic panel conversion systems must be correct. An important reason for the decrease in conversion efficiency in solar panels is the effect of dust and pollution on the surfaces of photovoltaic cells. In this study, The effect of photovoltaic panel cell surface pollution on electricity production was examined experimentally in a solar energy conversion system established on the campus of Trakya University Faculty of Engineering. After the installation was completed, only one of the photovoltaic panels was cleaned regularly with glass cleaner every Monday. Data was received and recorded through the system for 3 months. Based on the results of the study, it was observed that the photovoltaic panel that was cleaned only once a week produced approximately 4% more electrical energy after 3 months than the one that was not cleaned.
USAGE OF FREQUENCY LOCKED LOOP FOR TIME-DIGITAL FILTERING AND OTHER APPLICATIONS
Authors: Perišić Djurdje , Žorić Aleksandar
Published: September 2024

This article describes development, analysis, application, and simulation of a recursive Time Frequency Locked Loop (TFLL) based on the measurement and processing of the periods of the input and output signals. TFLL is a linear discrete system of the second order, which regulates its output once per the input period. The parameters of TFLL are determined by the ratios of clock frequencies which have to be in the predefined relationships for the stable functioning of TFLL. Mathematical description, analysis of stability conditions and properties of TFLL are performed using Z transform. The relations of the parameters which correspond to the specific applications are analyzed. Using mathematical analyses and simulations, it is shown that TFLL is suitable for powerful noise rejection, for the different predicting and tracking applications, for the measurements of the frequency, for the filtering of impulse signal periods as well as for the other usual applications of FLL. Special emphasis is given to the development of a Time digital filter based on TFLL, using the theory of digital filters and the Mat-lab tools intended for digital filters
THE PHILOSOPHY OF RESPONSIBILITY IN THE NEWEST EXISTENTIAL CONTEXTS
Authors: Dmytro Usov
Published: September 2024

The relevance of the concept of responsibility, in terms of the relationship between its personal and collective dimensions, is due to the importance of understanding of responsibility as a civic virtue and an essential characteristic of human existence under the conditions of Ukraine's modern struggle for its existence. The attempt proposed by modern philosophy to single out the most essential components of the philosophical conceptualization of the idea of responsibility appears as an awareness of the impossibility of a just, humane resolution of social and intercultural conflicts without due mutual respect, recognition of the dignity of their participants, and provides opportunities for further development of the problem of responsibility in the context of problems of justice and freedom.
QUALITY CONTROL OF PARTS IN INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION WITH IMAGE PROCESSING METHODS
Authors: AKI Ozan , GULLU Aydın
Published: September 2024

Mass production is done with industrial machines. During manufacturing, the parts undergo various processes to give them their final shape. In machining, the processing of the part is inspected at the final stage. In this study, a visual inspection system has been designed to determine the quality of the part at the final stage of processing. The semi-finished cylindrical parts are processed on the rotating round magazine in the current production system. The six-step round magazine has four processing stops which are take-in, centering, drilling, and take-out the parts consecutively. The developed visual inspection system in this study is designed for the last stop of this round magazine. The part images are captured by the camera and the color and diameter of the part and areas of holes on the part are determined. The developed inspection system makes pass or failed decisions for each part by comparing measurements with the specifications of the part. Measurements of all parts are saved to the process database for further analysis. As a result of this study, the developed inspection system is considered suitable and integratable for round magazine process quality control.
THE HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE EFFECT ON THE NORMALIZED INTRADONOR TRANSITION ENERGY IN A GAAS/GA1-XALXAS SPHERICAL QUANTUM DOT
Authors: Mese A
Published: September 2024

In this study, the change of normalized intradonor transition energy depending on hydrostatic pressure is calculated using the variation method with the effective mass approach. Normalized intradonor transition energy is found using ground state (1s) and excited state (1p) impurity energies. It has been observed that the normalized inradonor transition energy increases with the quantum dot radius and hydrostatic pressure and decreases when the impurity moves from the center to the edge of the dot. Calculating the intradonor transition energy can make it possible to determine the position of the impurity in a spherical quantum dot. The results are in agreement with the studies found in the literature.
THE STRUCTURE PARAMETER EFFECTS ON THE ELECTRONIC AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF GAUSSIAN SHAPED DOUBLE QUANTUM WELLS UNDER ELECTRIC FIELD
Authors: OKAN Sevket , BOZ Figen , AKTAS Saban
Published: September 2024

Infrared detecting Gaussian shaped 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑥𝑥 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺1−𝑥𝑥 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴/ 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴/ 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝑥𝑥 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺1−𝑥𝑥 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴/𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴/𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑥𝑥 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺1−𝑥𝑥 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 double quantum wells have been designed. The energy states and the electronic wave functions have been calculated by the finite difference method within the effective mass approximation. The structure parameter, which design the potential profile of the device, was increased to explore its effect on the first for energy states at different electric field strength. The results showed that increase in the electric field strength shift the peak values of the total absorption coefficients to smaller photon energies, meaning a blue shift.
PATENT ACTIVITY IN THE FIELD OF PHOTOVOLTAICS
Authors: Nikolova-Minkova Ventsislava
Published: September 2024

Renewable energy production technologies are finding increasing application in the context of the problems and environmental threats associated with conventional resources. There is a growing interest in the development of environmentally friendly renewable energy sources, including photovoltaic systems. The aim of the report is to examine patent activity in the field of photovoltaic technologies, focusing on the rights granted by the European Patent Office (EPO) to innovative developments. Through the application of empirical methods, the latest trends of technological changes in the field of photovoltaics have been traced and an analysis of patent activity carried out in the EU-27 countries for the period 2010-2022 has been prepared.
På tværs af fag – på vej mod fremtider
Authors: Risør Torsten , Bossen Claus , Sand Andersen Rikke , Bech Risør Mette
Published: September 2024

(note til redaktion: publiceres uden resumé)
Bibliometric analysis - what has been studied about balanced scorecard?
Authors: Marques Paula Cristina de Almeida , Oliveira Paulo Alexandre Alexandre Teixeira F. , Porte Marcelo de Santana
Published: September 2024

The aim of this paper is to analyse publications on the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) over the last 65 years, identifying trends in its evolution. Using bibliometric techniques, the study carried out a systematic literature review using data from the Web of Science database, which indexes highly cited journals in various areas of research. The comprehensiveness and multidisciplinarity of the database, combined with the use of Vosviewer software, facilitated the analysis. 694 articles published up to December 2021 were identified. The analysis indicates a growing trend in publications related to the BSC, with notable collaboration and dispersion in journals from different areas. Most of the studies are qualitative, including case studies and questionnaires as primary data collection methods. The main themes explored include the application and integration of the BSC as a management model, mainly in large private sector companies, with a lesser incidence in small and medium-sized enterprises and public and non-profit organisations.
Um preâmbulo da indústria de transformação brasileira pós década de 90: os impactos da abertura comercial na indústria nacional
Authors: Carvalho Polliany Aparecida Lopes de , Detoni Otavio Florentino
Published: September 2024

O objetivo deste estudo é examinar algumas das consequências das reformas liberais implementadas no Brasil após 1990 no contexto do comércio internacional. Durante esse período, o país passou por um processo significativo de liberalização financeira e abertura comercial, que foi rápido e intenso, resultando em impactos consideráveis na economia brasileira. Este trabalho se propõe a analisar o desempenho da indústria de transformação pós a década de 90, levando em conta o advento da liberalização comercial e financeira que marcaram o período histórico e econômico do país. Apesar dos beneficios no tocante à integração no comércio internacional e acesso a insumos mais competitivos em termos de preços, a indústria de transformação nacional sofreu grandes impactos com o movimento de liberalização comercial abrupta.
Virtual Reality in Neurorehabilitation
Authors: . Lavisha , Singh Kuljeet , Chandel Taniya , Sharma Cherry , Singh Agam Nischey
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Virtual Reality (VR) is revolutionising neurorehabilitation by providing interactive and captivating approaches to enhance the treatment and recovery of patients with neurological disorders. Traditional techniques for neurorehabilitation offer effective therapies, but often face challenges with patient motivation and the ability to create safe and engaging training environments. Virtual Reality addresses these limitations. Aim: To explore the potential of VR in neurorehabilitation by examining its impact on motor, sensory and cognitive rehabilitation. Materials and Methods: Literature on use of Virtual Reality in various neurological rehabilitation were studied in order to find out the effectiveness of VR in neurological rehabilitation. Results: Virtual Reality is a promising avenue in rehabilitation nowadays, it can be beneficial in a variety of neurological disorder. It can create safe and engaging training environment that ultimately enhances the rehabilitation of patients. Conclusion: Integration of Virtual Reality into neurorehabilitation offers exciting possibilities such as improving movement, boosting motivation, managing pain, and enhancing cognitive skills. This can lead to a better quality of life for patients recovering from neurological conditions.
The Impact of Menopause on Rheumatoid Arthritis and Role of Physiotherapy: A Narrative Review
Authors: . Lavanya , Jangra Mandeep
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterised by inflammation of the synovium, leading to joint pain, stiffness, and progressive joint destruction. It predominantly affects women, with a peak onset around the age of menopause. Menopause, a physiological milestone marking the cessation of ovarian function and reproductive capability, brings about hormonal changes, particularly a decline in oestrogen levels, which have been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of RA. Aim: To investigate the impact of menopause on rheumatoid arthritis and elucidate the potential role of physiotherapy interventions in managing the symptoms and improving the quality of life in postmenopausal women with RA. Materials and Methods: This review utilised PubMed, Google Scholar, to search relevant literature, and identified 20123 studies from 2011 to 2024 years. After removing duplicates 10215, 9908 titles and abstracts were screened for eligibility criteria, out of these 11 articles were included in this review. Results: This review has synthesised the result that the lowered levels of oestrogen in women after the menopause modifies the immune response of the body to inflammation. This altered response coupled with age related changes in the joints not only makes females vulnerable to arthritic conditions but also accelerates the progression of joint related conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis. Conclusion: Menopause has a significant impact on RA among postmenopausal women, and physiotherapeutic treatment has been proven efficient in dealing with it.
Effect of Core Stimulation and Hamstring Release on Pain and Disability among Male Adults with Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Sharma Devansh , Kaur Rabab , Mohan Krishan
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP) is a prevalent condition affecting a substantial portion of the adult population, particularly males. Conventional therapies used for treating CLBP are mostly targeting symptomatic treatment. Core muscles help to provide stability to the spine as well as help in maintaining good posture, if these muscles are weak then this stability and posture is lost. Core stimulation aims to increase the strength and stability of core musculature which in turn will help to stabilise the lower back area. Tight hamstring muscles produce an increased load on the pelvis leading to posterior pelvic tilt which in turn causes increased stress on the lower back, hamstring release aims to decrease this load from the lower back area. Aim: This study aims to find out the effect of core stimulation combined with hamstring release in pain, and disability among male adults with CLBP. Materials and Methods: 60 male individuals with CLBP were selected from NEURO REHAB, Amity Institute of Health Allied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh; the subjects had to be male, aged 25-60, have an NPRS of <7/10, and have a Core Strength MMT of >3. Patients have no past surgical history and have suffered low back discomfort for atleast 3 months. Subjects were excluded on the grounds of osteoporosis, using painkillers, having any co-morbidities, neurological impairments, and obesity. Baseline assessment was done on day 1 using the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Subjects were randomly assigned in two groups: Group A was given Conventional therapy and Group B was given Conventional therapy, Hamstring Release along with Core stimulation. Subjects were reassessed after 2 weeks and results were analysed using paired and unpaired t-tests. The significance level was kept at 95% (p<0.05). Results: In this study, authors found significant improvement in pain and disability in both groups (p<0.05). A significant reduction in pain and disability was found in Group B as compared to Group A (p<0.05). Conclusion: The finding of this study concludes that core stimulation and hamstring release reduce pain and disability among males with CLBP.
Impact of Aquatic Therapy for Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Chauhan Himani
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. Aquatic therapy refers to the therapeutic activities or treatments that take place in water, especially those aimed at promoting fitness, relaxation and physical healing. Exercise in aquatic environments can offer various benefits due to factors such as buoyancy, turbulence, hydrostatic pressure and resistance. Aim: To systematically review the impact of aquatic therapy on multiple sclerosis patients and to evaluate the scientific evidence endorsing the benefits of this therapeutic approach. Materials and Methods: Using keywords such as aquatic therapy, physiotherapy and multiple sclerosis, exercise, and rehabilitation a comprehensive analysis of research on the role of aquatic therapy in multiple sclerosis was conducted. Electronic databases such as PubMed, Research Gate, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched to identify the literature. A total of 121 articles from the last ten years (2013-2024) were identified according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, out of which 12 articles were included in the study using the PRISMA guidelines. Data was obtained from the included articles and summarised in PICO format. This review includes articles encompassing adult patients aged ≥18 years with multiple sclerosis, including both males and females. Results: Finally 12 articles were analysed for the literature review providing evidence supporting the use of aquatic therapy to manage symptoms of multiple sclerosis patients in combination with exercise therapy. It significantly reduces fatigue, depression also it improves cognitive functions, balance, motor functions, physical independence and functional capacity. Additionally, it may delay the progression of the disease. No adverse effect was observed after the therapy. Conclusion: Aquatic therapy is effective when used in combination with other conventional physiotherapeutic measures. Aquatic therapy helps improve the overall quality of life of patients with multiple sclerosis. More randomised control trials are needed to provide good-quality evidence of the extent to which aquatic therapy can improve the function and quality of life of individuals with multiple sclerosis.
Impact of Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy on Quadratus Lumborum Trigger Point Associated with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Scoping Review
Authors: Kalra Riya , Goyal Manu , Goyal Kanu
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP), a well-known public health burden which progressively increased with time and development of trigger points in Quadratus Lumborum (QL) is frequently the cause of CLBP. Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy (ESWT) is an entirely novel and effective non invasive therapy for treating myofascial trigger points. Aim: There is no comprehensive analysis which assess the effect of ESWT on QL trigger points associated with CLBP. As a result, aim of this review is to outlined the existing evidence available. Materials and Methods: Electronic databases which include PubMed/ Medline, Scopus, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), and Cochrane were searched. Searches were limited to full-text english language and publication between Jan 2000 to Jan 2024. In addition, reference list of the retrieved articles was also explored. A total of 678 relevant articles which includes 142 participants were identified in which participants were included. After duplicates were removed, articles were assessed for eligibility criteria. Five (n=5) articles met all criteria and were included in the final data synthesis. Results: The results shows that patients treated with ESWT shows statistically significant improvement in pain (p<0.05) for Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Also, some studies show statistically significant improvement (p<0.05) in ODI (Oswestry Disability Index) and SF-36 (Short Form Health survey). Conclusion: ESWT leads to significant pain reduction, improve Quality of Life (QOL) of patients having QL Trigger points associated with CLBP.
Effects of Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilisation on Pain in Patients with Plantar Fasciitis: A Literature Review
Authors: Ranjan Prachi , Kaur Simranjeet , Sharma Nidhi
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Plantar Fasciitis (PF), with a 10% lifetime prevalence, is often attributed to biomechanical issues. Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilisation (IASTM) is a therapeutic technique that involves using specialised tools to manipulate soft tissue, such as muscles and tendons, to help reduce pain, improve mobility, and promote healing. Aim: To provide an insight on the effect of Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilisation on pain in patients with PF. Materials and Methods: A literature search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar from inception to January 2024 using keywords like “Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilisation,” “Pain,” and “Plantar fasciitis” with Boolean operators. 4,551 articles were retrieved, out of which only 6 articles met the eligibility criteria, in which 223 participants on plantar fasciitis population were included. Randomised controlled trials, case series and complete text papers written in English were included while preliminary reviews, book chapters, thesis, and dissertations were excluded. Results: Following a standardised literature search, authors identified four randomised controlled trials, one quasi-experimental study and one case series. All the studies showed significant improvement on pain reduction, improve strength and functional mobility of the foot and ankle. Therefore, all the studies suggested that IASTM used alone or in combination with other techniques or exercises, give positive effect for managing chronic heel pain. Conclusion: IASTM is a safe manual therapy technique used to treat the plantar-fascia pain and to improve foot and ankle function in patients with plantar fasciitis. However, this further research is needed to confirm these conclusions.
Electromyographical Analysis on Combined Effect of Breathing Exercise and Core Stabilisation Exercise along with Breathing Cadence in Runner’s Stitch in Recreational Runner’s: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Kumari Pinku , Das Jaganjyoti , Bhati Pooja
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Runner’s stitch is a painful sharp or stabbing or cramping sensation that is experienced by a runner during the course of the activity. Pain is localised, prevalent in young people due to larger peritoneal space but it is not related to gender. The main function of the core is to maintain postural alignment during functional activity. Core stability is the muscular capacity of the lumbopelvic-hip complex. Breathing exercises is a process of moving air into and from lungs to facilitate gas exchange. Aim: To compare the effect of breathing exercise, core stabilisation exercise along with breathing cadence on onset latency of stitch, severity, location, muscle activation pattern, muscle co-activation ratio and lower limb power in runner’s stitch. Materials and Methods: A total of 15 subjects were randomly allocated to three groups. Group A consisted of core stabilisation exercises along with active stretching, group B performed core stabilisation exercises along with breathing exercises breathing cadence and active stretching, group C only performed active stretching as a controlled measured. The players were asked to perform the dynamic exercises desuring which amplitude of muscle activation pattern, onset, severity, location of side stitch, muscle co-activation ratio with surface electrode using four channel electromyographical system were measured for 12 muscles. Result: Data were significantly analysed by one-way ANOVA for within the group analysis and post hoc test used for multiple comparison. Group B showed significant improvement in mean amplitude, co-contraction of muscles with p value (p<0.05). Conclusion: Core stability along with breathing exercise and breathing cadence help delay runner’s stitch in runners and can be implemented in athletes for better results.
Furthering understanding of the scope and variation of alcohol and drug harms to others: Using qualitative discussion groups to inform survey development
Authors: Karriker-Jaffe Katherine , Munroe Cat , McDonough Matthew , Lui Camillia , Mangipudi Deborah , Locke Robynne , Rodiguez Borja Ivette , Patterson Deidre , Kerr William , Greenfield Thomas
Published: September 2024

Aims: Alcohol and drug use can have negative effects on family and friends of someone who uses these substances. To give voice to people with lived experience, we sought in-depth qualitative data from people who experienced such harms to others (HTO) to better understand the scope and variation of alcohol and drug HTO to inform future survey research in the United States (US).
Design: Five discussion groups with people from varied racial and ethnic groups.
Setting: Five US cities with different sociodemographic profiles and alcohol and drug use patterns.
Participants: Family members of individuals with substance use disorders (SUD).
Measures: Thematic analysis was used to identify themes and highlight harms that have not been well-represented in US general population surveys to date.
Findings: Discussion group participants described how alcohol and drug HTO can have long-lasting effects, raising questions about strategies to query and document harms occurring over the life course. The emotional stress and burden of a close relationship with someone with SUD was a recurrent theme. Participants also noted how systems and policies may inadvertently intensify HTO through negative interactions with legal or social service entities. In addition, they identified helpful community resources (including Al-Anon) for people impacted by someone else’s substance use.
Conclusions: Qualitative data from people with relevant lived experience identified new areas for alcohol and other drug HTO research, including duration of harms across the lifespan, emotional and psychological impacts, and systems-level harms. Findings informed a redesign of our national survey instrument to efficiently capture the broad range of HTO.
Socio-economic Status and Challenges in Organic Farming Adoption: A Case Study of Farmers in Hamirpur District, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Tiwari Divyanka , Singh H. C. , Singh Aishwarya , Saini Parul
Published: September 2024

Aims: 1. To study the socio-economic status of farmers. 2. To study the challenges faced by farmers in organic farming practice and suggest suitable measures to overcome the challenges faced by the farmers.
Study Design: Ex-post facto research design was used for this study and was deemed suitable for this kind of study.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in Hamirpur District of Uttar Pradesh. The duration of study was from 2022 to 2024.
Methodology: The research was carried out in 12 villages (4 from each block) of Sarila, Sumerpur, and Muskara blocks, which are part of the Hamirpur district in the larger region of Uttar Pradesh. The 25 farmers from each of the 12 villages were selected randomly making a total of 300 farmers participating in the research. Frequency, Percentage, Mean Score and rank were the statistical tools that was used in the analysis.
Results: The study reveals a predominantly middle-aged (65.66%) farmers demographic. The farmer demographic was largely comprised of general category (41.7%) individuals who identify as Hindu and reside in sizable joint families. Most of the farmers reside in mixed-type houses. The majority of farmers exhibited high levels of social engagement and active participation in community activities. Most of the farmers had moderate resources and widely adopt dairying farming. According to the findings, “Organic farming is too labor intensive”, “Lack of information regarding organic farming”, “Difficulty in control of weeds, pests & diseases in organic farming”, and “Undesirable behavior of conventional farmers” were the most crucial challenges that were faced by farmers. Addressing these challenges is essential for promoting sustainable agriculture, as it safeguards natural resources, enhances food security, and supports farmers' livelihoods. Effective solutions can lead to a resilient agricultural system that benefits both ecosystems and communities.
Conclusion: In conclusion, the study highlights the need for practical solutions to the challenges faced by the predominantly middle-aged farmer demographic. Organizing educational workshops on organic farming techniques can enhance knowledge and skills, while partnerships with agricultural institutions can provide vital resources and information. Establishing peer support networks will foster community collaboration, and advocating for financial incentives can encourage the transition to organic practices. By implementing these strategies, farmers can overcome barriers and contribute to a more sustainable agricultural system that enhances food security and supports livelihoods.
Challenges in Accessing Agricultural Technology Information Centre’s Services: Identifying Key Constraints in Kanpur District
Authors: Singh Aishwarya , Singh H.C. , Tiwari Divyanka , Saini Parul
Published: September 2024

Aim: The current study aims to find out various constraints faced by the respondents in availing the services provided by ATIC and to suggest suitable measures to overcome the constraints.
Study Design: The study was carried out by descriptive type of survey method.
Place and Duration of Study: The present investigation was undertaken in Agricultural Technology Information Centre in Kanpur region of Uttar Pradesh, between June 2023 and July 2024.
Methodology: The study employed a descriptive survey method with random and purposive sampling. Particularly Kanpur district of Uttar Pradesh, was chosen due to the investigator's familiarity with the region. One Agricultural Technology Information Center (ATIC) at Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology was selected for analysis. Data were evaluated using percentages, weighted means, and rankings.
Results: The infrastructure issue of "Insufficient facilities for farmers" was reported as being significant. Additionally, the extension problem of "Limited availability of free literature for farmers" and the administrative problem of "Delayed evaluation of training provided" were also identified as being of considerable concern.
Conclusion: Respondents identified inadequate infrastructure and lack of free literature as key constraints, with delayed training evaluations being a major administrative issue. They recommended timely budgets, full-time staff for ATICs, and increased involvement from top officials.