bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Garnet-based solid state batteries benefitting from an ionic/electronic mixed conductive interface constructed by lithiation of porous FeS2
Authors: Zeng Yuhan , Zhang Yang , Hu Jiulin , Li Chilin
Published: April 2024

Garnet-based solid-state lithium metal batteries are considered as the potential candidates for the next-generation energy storage systems due to their high energy density, wide operating temperature, and high safety. However, the poor wettability of the lithium metal anode/garnet interface, the large interface resistance, and the risk of lithium dendrites growing and even penetrating electrolytes during cycling limit the practical application of garnet-based solid-state lithium metal batteries. In this work, a porous network FeS2 with an amorphized structure is prepared by using the solvothermal method and used as the Li/garnet interface modification layer. The porous FeS2 can be in situ converted into a Li2S/Fe mixed conductive layer by the thermal lithiation of molten metallic lithium. This mixed conductive layer can significantly reduce the interface resistance, ensure the close contact between Li and garnet, and inhibit the growth of lithium dendrites. The interface resistance of the modified Li/FeS2-LLZTO (LLZTO is Li6.5La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12) interface at 60 °C is as small as 15.20 Ω cm2. The ionic conductivity of fully lithiated FeS2 is estimated to be 1.58 × 10−6 S cm−1 at room temperature. The Li/FeS2-LLZTO/Li symmetrical cell can cycle stably for more than 400 h at a high current density of 400 μA cm−2, with the voltage polarization of only about 25 mV, and can withstand a larger current density of 600 μA cm−2 without the polarization exceeding 50 mV. These results demonstrate the feasibility of in situ lithiation of porous iron sulfide into a mixed ion/electron conductive layer as a solid-state garnet interface modification strategy and provide the new interface method for the development of high-performance solid-state lithium metal batteries.
Semi-embedded clauses in Aisi
Authors: Daniels Don
Published: April 2024

This paper examines a construction in Aisi (Trans New Guinea) which consists of a formally subordinate clause that
expresses asserted meaning. This construction is called ‘semi-embedding’. The construction is more restricted than subordinate
clauses, and serves a specific discourse function: it presents the information in the matrix clause as a surprising climax. The
paper argues that semi-embedding arose when the backgrounding function of subordinate clauses was extended to allow assertions to
serve as backgrounds for certain highlighted events. As this happened, the relationship between the semi-embedded clause and its
matrix became more coordinate, which allowed longer strings of semi-embedded clauses to occur in what is called disengagement
(Cristofaro 2016). Fully insubordinate clauses can then occur when the main clause
no longer has to be uttered. At this point, the foregrounded meaning that originally centered on the main clause attached,
instead, to the newly insubordinate one.
Exploring linguistic competition in English derivatives ending in
‑ie and ‑o through a
cognitive-onomasiological approach
Authors: Tarasova Elizaveta , Fajardo José A. Sánchez
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the issue of linguistic
competition by analysing a dataset comprised of
‑ie/-o doublets, e.g.
kiddie/kiddo,
weirdie/weirdo. The analysis
is based on the key tenets of the onomasiological approach to
word-formation (Štekauer
1998) supplemented by the prototypical approach to affix
rivalry (Hamawand 2007).
The analysis aims to identify the nature of connections between the
conceptual, semantic, and onomasiological levels within
‑ie and ‑o paradigms taken
separately and whether these connections may play a role on the
onomatological level. The analysis of the data allows for
identifying four generic onomasiological models (i.e. quality,
patient, object, and action), in which the categories of quality and
patient convey the highest degree of competitiveness within the
evaluative domain of pejoration.
Diminutive formation in Modern Greek
Authors: Efthymiou Angeliki
Published: April 2024

The aim of this chapter is to investigate
variation in Modern Greek diminutive derivational means (affixes and
affixoids) by focusing on their selectional restrictions (e.g.
phonological, morphological, semantic) and their competition (e.g.
psilo.xondrós ‘dim.fat’ vs.
xondr.oúlis ‘fat.dim’). Given that the use of
all Greek diminutive morphemes (affixes or affixoids) is subject to
selectional restrictions, it is shown that the variation found in
diminutive derivational morphemes can be explained with reference to
their particular restrictions and their multifunctional character.
Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the domain of Modern Greek
diminutive morphemes can be thought of as a complex ecosystem
structured around a fairly complementary distribution (rather than
competition).
Passive without morphology
Authors: Sulemana Abdul-Razak
Published: April 2024

This paper examines the syntax of a novel construction I call Passive without Morphology (PwM) constructions in
Bùlì and the question of whether they have projected external arguments. The main proposal that I argue for is that PwM
constructions in all their occurrences possess projected implicit external arguments. The discussions presented in the paper
provide empirical as well as theoretical support for the classification of passives (Keenan
and Dryer 2007) and a theory of passives and implicit arguments (Collins
2021). This paper argues that the internal argument moves to Spec,TP in two steps: first, the VP moves into Spec,
VoiceP and from there the internal argument raises to Spec,TP (Collins 2005, 2021).
Current-Induced Magnetization Switching Behavior in Perpendicular Magnetized L10-MnAl/B2-CoGa Bilayer
Authors: Sun 孙 Hong-Li 宏利 , Han 韩 Rong-Kun 荣坤 , Qin 秦 Hong-Rui 红蕊 , Zhao 赵 Xu-Peng 旭鹏 , Xie 谢 Zhi-Cheng 志成 , Wei 魏 Da-Hai 大海 , Zhao 赵 Jian-Hua 建华
Published: April 2024

Rare-earth-free Mn-based binary alloy L10-MnAl with bulk perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) holds promise for high-performance magnetic random access memory (MRAM) devices driven by spin-orbit torque (SOT). However, the lattice-mismatch issue makes it challenging to place conventional spin current sources, such as heavy metals, between L10-MnAl layers and substrates. In this work, we propose a solution by using the B2-CoGa alloy as the spin current source. The lattice-matching enables high-quality epitaxial growth of 2-nm-thick L10-MnAl on B2-CoGa, and the L10-MnAl exhibits a large PMA constant of 1.04 × 106 J/m3. Subsequently, the considerable spin Hall effect in B2-CoGa enables the achievement of SOT-induced deterministic magnetization switching. Moreover, we quantitatively determine the SOT efficiency in the bilayer. Furthermore, we design an L10-MnAl/B2-CoGa/Co2MnGa structure to achieve field-free magnetic switching. Our results provide valuable insights for achieving high-performance SOT-MRAM devices based on L10-MnAl alloy.
Spectral studies of thermally stable Dy3+/Sm3+ co-doped Li2Ba5W3O15 phosphors for warm white LEDs
Authors: Anu  , Kumari Sheetal , Deopa Nisha , Rao A S
Published: April 2024

In the current study, a series of Li2Ba5W3O15: RE3+ (RE = Dy, Sm) [LBW:Dy3+/Sm3+] phosphors were prepared using a high-temperature solid-state method. X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive x-ray analysis scans showed that the crystal form was consistent with the standard LBW and comprised small irregularly shaped particles. Diffuse reflectance spectral (DRS) data was utilized to calculate the band gaps. Fluorescence study shows that LBW material doped with Dy3+ and Sm3+ yield distinct colors at 496 nm (blue) for Dy3+ and 582 nm (green-yellow), 612 nm (yellow), and 669 nm (red) for Sm3+ when excited by near-ultraviolet (336 nm) light. The observation of energy transfer between Dy3+ and Sm3+ ions play a role in modifying the luminescence of LBW:Dy3+/Sm3+ co-doped phosphors. With a constant excitation wavelength (λ
Ex), different levels of activator doping lead to a change in the emission colors from their neutral white light to a deep orange-red region for LBW:Dy3+/Sm3+ phosphors. The decay curves demonstrate a decrease in lifetime with an increase in the concentration of activator ions (Sm3+). For D3S5 phosphor, the temperature-dependent photoluminescence characteristics were analyzed under λ
Ex = 336 nm excitation. The results indicate excellent luminescence thermal stability with an activation energy of 0.16 eV at λ
Ex = 336 nm. With its low color-correlated temperature and good thermal stability, the prepared phosphor sample shows potential as a solid-state emitting phosphor that can be used with UV chip stimulation for warm white LED applications.
An improved positioning method based on compensation and optimization of ultra-wideband ranging results
Authors: Shi Zhiran , Wang Jie , Zeng Xianyang , Yang Hongli
Published: April 2024

Achieving precision in positioning under conditions of significant interference remains an unresolved challenge in research. This study introduces a low-cost ultra-wideband (UWB) distance compensation model that addresses electromagnetic wave loss in practical indoor settings. This paper employs kurtosis to detect non-line-of-sight environments, which are frequently induced by pedestrian movement. The Generalized Extreme Studentized Deviate algorithm is utilized to discern and eliminate outliers in ranging values and the Piecewise Cubic Hermite Interpolating Polynomial algorithm compensates for the eliminated data points. Finally, Kalman filtering is used to improve UWB ranging results, allowing for better error elimination and compensation. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm has higher accuracy and the mean square error improvement ratio can reach more than 20% in dynamic positioning tests.
FlexDTI: flexible diffusion gradient encoding scheme-based highly efficient diffusion tensor imaging using deep learning
Authors: Wu Zejun , Wang Jiechao , Chen Zunquan , Yang Qinqin , Xing Zhen , Cao Dairong , Bao Jianfeng , Kang Taishan , Lin Jianzhong , Cai Shuhui , Chen Zhong , Cai Congbo
Published: April 2024

Objective. Most deep neural network-based diffusion tensor imaging methods require the diffusion gradients’ number and directions in the data to be reconstructed to match those in the training data. This work aims to develop and evaluate a novel dynamic-convolution-based method called FlexDTI for highly efficient diffusion tensor reconstruction with flexible diffusion encoding gradient scheme. Approach. FlexDTI was developed to achieve high-quality DTI parametric mapping with flexible number and directions of diffusion encoding gradients. The method used dynamic convolution kernels to embed diffusion gradient direction information into feature maps of the corresponding diffusion signal. Furthermore, it realized the generalization of a flexible number of diffusion gradient directions by setting the maximum number of input channels of the network. The network was trained and tested using datasets from the Human Connectome Project and local hospitals. Results from FlexDTI and other advanced tensor parameter estimation methods were compared. Main results. Compared to other methods, FlexDTI successfully achieves high-quality diffusion tensor-derived parameters even if the number and directions of diffusion encoding gradients change. It reduces normalized root mean squared error by about 50% on fractional anisotropy and 15% on mean diffusivity, compared with the state-of-the-art deep learning method with flexible diffusion encoding gradient scheme. Significance. FlexDTI can well learn diffusion gradient direction information to achieve generalized DTI reconstruction with flexible diffusion gradient scheme. Both flexibility and reconstruction quality can be taken into account in this network.
M3D-K simulations of beam-driven instabilities in an energetic particle dominant KSTAR discharge
Authors: Zhang L.L. , Jhang H.G. , Kang J.S. , Sheng Z.M. , Fu G.Y.
Published: April 2024

We perform a systematic simulation study of energetic passing particle-driven instabilities in KSTAR using the kinetic-MHD hybrid code M3D-K. Linear simulation results show that the observed n = 1 mode in the early phase of the discharge is the low-frequency fishbone driven by energetic passing beam ions. The mode frequency computed is in a good agreement with the experimental measurement. Nonlinear simulations show that the frequency of the n = 1 mode jumps up to a higher value corresponding to the β-induced Alfvén eigenmode (BAE). In the later phase of the discharge, the simulated n = 5 mode is identified as a BAE in its linear phase. In the nonlinear phase, the n = 5 mode exhibits a similar frequency jump to a higher value of an energetic particle (EP) mode after mode saturation. Analysis of perturbed beam ion distributions in phase space shows that these new modes in nonlinear stages are driven by new resonances due to nonlinearly evolved beam ion distributions. Further simulations of a beam beta scan for the n = 5 mode show that the frequency jump disappears for a sufficiently small beam beta or beam ion drive. This result may explain the non-existence of frequency jump in the experiment. Finally, the impact of toroidal rotation on mode characteristics is investigated, showing that it has a marginal influence on EP driven modes.
Ambitious efforts on residual emissions can reduce CO2 removal and lower peak temperatures in a net-zero future
Authors: Fuhrman Jay , Speizer Simone , O’Rourke Patrick , Peters Glen P , McJeon Haewon , Monteith Seth , Aldrete Lopez Laura , Wang Frances M
Published: April 2024

Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) is expected to play a critical role in reaching net zero CO2 and especially net zero greenhouse gase (GHG) emissions. However, the extent to which the role of CDR in counterbalancing residual emissions can be reduced has not yet been fully quantified. Here, we use a state-of-the-art integrated assessment model to develop a ‘Maximum Sectoral Effort’ scenario which features global emissions policies alongside ambitious effort across sectors to reduce their gross GHG emissions and thereby the CDR required for offsets. We find that these efforts can reduce CDR by over 50% globally, increase both the relative and absolute role of the land sink in storing carbon, and more evenly distribute CDR contributions and associated side-effects across regions compared to CO2 pricing alone. Furthermore, the lower cumulative CO2 and nonCO2 emissions leads to earlier and lower peak temperatures. Emphasizing reductions in gross, in addition to net emissions while disallowing the substitution of less durable CDR for offsets can therefore reduce both physical and transition risks associated with high CDR deployment and temperature overshoot.
The effect of forest-environment construction on the physical activity among Chinese adults
Authors: Tang Huameng , Yuan Dianqi , Yang Peisen , Yang Hanbing , Guo Chao
Published: April 2024

The Chinese government attaches great importance to the construction of the National Forest City (NFC), aiming at creating a pleasant living environment beneficial for people’s health and well-being. This study aimed to estimate the effect of the NFC policy on the frequency of physical activity (PA) for people in mainland China. Using the nationally representative data from the China Family Panel Studies in 2010 and its follow-up in 2018, 17 704 participants aged 18 and older were analyzed in our study. We employed the two-way fixed estimator in the difference in difference setting to analyze the PA of the adults in the cohort with different development levels of the forest-environment construction measured by the number of NFCs, and explore the relative differences before and after the construction of NFC. Subgroup analysis of age group, gender and living areas and a series of robustness tests were further conducted. The mean age of 17 704 participants in 2010 was (45.03 ± 13.67) years old, 51.74% of which were female and 48.26% were male. DID results showed that after the construction of NFC, the frequency of PA increased by 1.35 (β = 1.35, 95% CI:0.73–1.98) per week compared to those in provinces without NFC after adjusting covariates. And the improving effect of the forest-environment construction on PA frequency was intensified in middle-aged and older adults aged 45 and above (β = 2.03, 95% CI:1.09–2.96), males (β = 1.26, 95% CI:0.39–2.12) and females (β = 1.49, 95% CI:0.58–2.40) and those living in urban areas (β = 1.29, 95% CI:0.57–2.00). Our findings showed that the forest-environment construction under the NFC strategy has a positive role in the PA of older adults, indicating the health-promoting effects of the national green low-carbon environmental strategy. Considering the heterogeneity, it is essential to promote the benefits of green exercise for young and rural adults.
Research on self-healing characteristic and state prediction method of the copper based powder metallurgy materials on friction interface
Authors: Wu Jianpeng , Yang Chengbing , Shu Wenya , Wang Yuxin , Wang Liyong
Published: April 2024

In high power density transmission systems, the friction and wear characteristic of copper based powder metallurgy materials is directly linked to working reliability. Moreover, these materials have frictional self-healing characteristic at the material interface. This paper focuses on exploring the healing mechanism of copper based powder metallurgy materials and conducts ‘damage-healing’ tests, proposing a method to characterize the self-healing characteristic. Subsequently, through comparative tests, the influence of temperature, speed, and pressure on the self-healing characteristics is analyzed. The results show that the increase in temperature reduces the furrow width and depth by 15.30% and 59.76%, respectively. Pressure has the greatest effect on surface roughness, reducing it by 67%. Meanwhile, this paper developed a PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization)-LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) method to accurately predict the self-healing characterization parameters and self-healing time with small error (average 4.35%) and high correlation coefficient (R
2) (average 0.976). This study contributes to the development of interface repair technology for friction materials.
Dynamic response and roughness control of surface materials on TC4 titanium alloy subjected to laser shock wave planishing
Authors: Wu Lei , Dai Fengze , Wang Mengyue , Chen Xizhang
Published: April 2024

In this study, ABAQUS was used to predict the dynamic response of surface materials on TC4 titanium alloy during laser shock wave planishing (LSWP). The experiments were conducted to evaluate the simulations. The results indicate that during the initial stage of LSWP, the contact status between the contact foil and the micro-protrusion changes from the one-dimensional stress state to the one-dimensional strain state. This causes the high-amplitude tensile residual stress to converge at the center of the flattened micro-protrusion surface. When treating specimens with high surface roughness, the application of a thin contact foil can significantly lower the height of micro-protrusions and lift the bottom of micro-depressions. This improves the plastic flow of micro-protrusions and prevents the convergence of tensile residual stress. Using a thick contact foil can help extend the pressure pulse duration and prevent the overall surface profile subsidence when treating specimens with lower surface roughness. The outcomes of the experiment and the simulation agree rather well. Additionally, a thick contact foil can reduce the build-up of tensile residual stress by reducing the contact pressure.
ZrN doped with 3d transition metals: a computational investigation of main physical properties for high-temperature structural applications
Authors: Mnisi B O , Tibane M M
Published: April 2024

In the present study, ab initio density functional theory calculations were used to assess the effect of first-row transition metals (X = Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) on the stability of Zr0.5N0.5 nitrides. Specifically, the structural, mechanical, and electronic properties were studied to evaluate their applicability in high-temperature structural applications such as coating. The heat of formation for all X-doped Zr0.5N0.5 ternaries were found to be lower than that of the undoped Zr0.5N0.5. Specifically, Mn-doped Zr0.5N0.5 was observed to be the most thermodynamically stable structure, due to its lowest heat of formation. The density of states for both the undoped and doped Zr0.5N0.5 nitrides indicated full metallic behavior and observed that doping with 3d-transition metals reduce the density of states at the Fermi energy, thereby enhancing the electronic stability. Furthermore, mechanical stability was observed in these nitrides with increased melting temperatures expect for Zr0.5N0.5 doped Ti. Since Zr0.5N0.5 doped with X is thermodynamically, electronically, and mechanically stable, they are deemed suitable for high-temperature structural applications especially Zr0.5N0.5 doped Mn.
Rapid shoaling of aragonite saturation horizon in the northern Indian Ocean
Authors: Sridevi B , Sarma V V S S
Published: April 2024

Anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) penetrates up to 1000 m of water column in the Indian Ocean resulting in acidification and corrosion of aragonite skeletal material. The shallowest aragonite saturation horizon (ASH) was observed in the Bay of Bengal (BoB; 219 ± 10 m) within the tropical Indian Ocean. The ASH shoaled at the rate of 6.3 ± 5 and 4.4 ± 3 m yr−1 in the past four decades in the BoB and Arabian Sea respectively. As a result, an increase in total alkalinity (TA) was observed at the rate of 0.5 ± 0.3 and 0.25 ± 0.2 μmol kg−1 yr−1 at the depth of ASH in the BoB, and Arabian Sea respectively. While the shoaling rate of ASH remained the same in the Arabian Sea over the past four decades, in contrast, rapid shoaling was observed in the BoB in the recent decades due to higher accumulation of anthropogenic CO2 in the upper ocean associated with an increase in river discharge and decomposition of riverine organic matter. These two processes decreased the pH resulting in corrosion of aragonite skeletal material and increased TA at the depth of ASH in the BoB. Under a business-as-usual scenario, aragonite-secreting organisms will be seriously affected by the middle of this century in the BoB.
Molecular NMR shieldings, J-couplings, and magnetizabilities from numeric atom-centered orbital based density-functional calculations
Authors: Laasner Raul , Mandzhieva Iuliia , Huhn William P , Colell Johannes , Yu Victor Wen-zhe , Warren Warren S , Theis Thomas , Blum Volker
Published: April 2024

This paper reports and benchmarks a new implementation of nuclear magnetic resonance shieldings, magnetizabilities, and J-couplings for molecules within semilocal density functional theory, based on numeric atom-centered orbital (NAO) basis sets. NAO basis sets are attractive for the calculation of these nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) parameters because NAOs provide accurate atomic orbital representations especially near the nucleus, enabling high-quality results at modest computational cost. Moreover, NAOs are readily adaptable for linear scaling methods, enabling efficient calculations of large systems. The paper has five main parts: (1) It reviews the formalism of density functional calculations of NMR parameters in one comprehensive text to make the mathematical background available in a self-contained way. (2) The paper quantifies the attainable precision of NAO basis sets for shieldings in comparison to specialized Gaussian basis sets, showing similar performance for similar basis set size. (3) The paper quantifies the precision of calculated magnetizabilities, where the NAO basis sets appear to outperform several established Gaussian basis sets of similar size. (4) The paper quantifies the precision of computed J-couplings, for which a group of customized NAO basis sets achieves precision of ∼Hz for smaller basis set sizes than some established Gaussian basis sets. (5) The paper demonstrates that the implementation is applicable to systems beyond 1000 atoms in size.
A novel Zende’s-TOPSIS method towards estimation of measurement uncertainty in hole diameters
Authors: Zende Rohit V , Pawade Raju S
Published: April 2024

The ‘Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS)’ is one of the best methods for ‘Multi-Criteria Decision-Making’ and ‘Multi-Objective Optimization’. The traditional TOPSIS method determines the best alternative under fixed conditions. However, it cannot determine the best upper limit and lowest limit values. This work explains the detailed methodology of the newly developed Zende’s-TOPSIS method which was used to estimate the measurement uncertainty in hole diameters. Four identical holes and one center hole in an industrial component were measured to investigate measurement uncertainty. According to the experimental results, Zende’s-TOPSIS method performed better than the traditional TOPSIS method. The percentage improvement in the Zende’s-TOPSIS method over the traditional TOPSIS method ranges from 0.0209% to 0.3053%. Using Zende’s-TOPSIS method, the percentage maximum measurement uncertainty for four identical holes varies from 0.8067% to 1.0222%, whereas for the center hole, it varies from 0.5261% to 0.5576%. Similarly, the percentage minimum measurement uncertainty for four identical holes varies from 0.3839% to 0.6406%, whereas for the center hole, it varies from 0.4014% to 0.4041%. The proposed method is also capable of estimating the machined tolerances of the component, which ranges from 18.0772 mm to 18.1708 mm for four identical holes and 49.2215 mm to 49.2572 mm for the center hole. The proposed method can solve various ‘Multi-Objective Optimization’ problems.
Acquisition of green algal photobionts enables both chlorolichens and chloro-cyanolichens to activate photosynthesis at low humidity without liquid water
Authors: Worthy Fiona Ruth , Schaefer Douglas Allen , Wanasinghe Dhanushka , Xu Jian Chu , Wang Li Song , Wang Xin Yu
Published: April 2024

Cyanobacteria require liquid water for photosynthesis, whereas green algae can photosynthesise with water vapour alone. We discovered that several Lobaria spp. which normally have cyanobacteria as the sole photobiont, in some regions of the trans-Himalayas also harboured green algae. We tested whether green algal acquisition was: limited to high elevations; obtained from neighbouring chloro-Lobaria species; enabled photosynthesis at low humidity. Lobaria spp. were collected from 2000 to 4000 m elevation. Spectrophotometry quantified green algal abundance by measuring chlorophyll b (absent in cyanobacteria). Thalli cross-sections visually confirmed green algal presence. We sequenced gene regions: Lobaria (ITS-EF-1α-RPB2), green algae (18S-RBC-L) and Nostoc (16S). Phylogenetic analysis determined myco-photobiont associations. We used a custom closed-circuit gas exchange system with an infrared gas analyser to measure CO2 exchange rates for desiccated specimens at 33%, 76%, 86% and 98% humidity. Cross-sections revealed that the photobiont layers in putative cyano-Lobaria contained both cyanobacteria and green algae, indicating that they should be considered chloro-cyanolichens. Chloro-Lobaria had no visible cephalodia nor cyanobacteria in the photobiont layer. Chloro-Lobaria and chloro-cyano-Lobaria had comparable levels of chlorophyll b. Chloro-Lobaria usually contained Symbiochloris. Chloro-cyano-Lobaria mainly associated with Parachloroidium and Nostoc; infrequently with Symbiochloris, Apatococcus, Chloroidium, Pseudochlorella, Trebouxia. Sequences from two green algal genera were obtained from within some thalli. Desiccated specimens of every Lobaria species could attain net photosynthesis with light exposure and 33% humidity. CO2 exchange dynamics over a five-day period differed between species. At all elevations, chloro-cyano-Lobaria spp. had abundant green algae in the photobiont layer, but green algal strains mostly differed to those of chloro-Lobaria spp. Both chloro-Lobaria and chloro-cyano-Lobaria were capable of conducting photosynthesis without liquid water. The data strongly suggest that they attained positive net photosynthesis.
Plastic Surgeons’ Perspective on the FDA Breast Implant Regulatory Mandates
Authors: Villanueva Karie , Gupta Nisha , Alnaseri Tahera , Da Lio Andrew L , Roostaeian Jason , DeLong Michael
Published: April 2024

Background

In 2021, the US FDA issued a new checklist, labeling, and rupture-screening recommendations for breast implants to improve the decision-making process.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to understand plastic surgeons' perspective on these changes and their perceived impact on clinical practice.

Methods

In September 2023, a 27-question multiple-choice cross-sectional survey was distributed to 4352 active members of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons to evaluate attitudes on the FDA's black-box warning, informed decision checklist, and updated rupture-screening recommendations.

Results

A total of 591 responses were collected (13.6%). The majority of respondents were between the ages of 45 and 64 years (58%) and had been in practice for more than 20 years (52%). Surgeons felt that some additions were appropriate; however, the majority (57%) stated that the informed decision checklist did not have a positive impact on workflow; 66% were also neutral or disagreed with the reported incidence rates related to complications and cancer. Nearly half of respondents (47%) did not feel the black-box warning improved their patients’ understanding of the risks and benefits. Additionally, 47% of respondents also believed these requirements, in combination, did not improve the overall patient experience with implants.

Conclusions

Respondents had an overall positive response towards the addition of risk information provided by the FDA-issued guidance and updates to rupture-screening recommendations. However, they remained divided as to whether the black-box warning and patient decision checklist had an overall positive impact on clinical practice patterns.

Level of Evidence: 4
Concomitant moderate-to-severe cutaneous lesions have marked impact on quality of life in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus: a cross-sectional insight from two phase III randomized clinical trials in adults
Authors: Mallbris Mischa J , Jia Bochao , Zhao Youna , Kahlenberg J  Michelle , Gudjonsson Johann E
Published: April 2024

For the first time and in a large study we have shown that in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), health-related quality of life was negatively affected by the presence of moderate-to-severe skin lesions compared with patients with active SLE who had no/mild skin lesions.
AI and machine learning in medical imaging: key points from development to translation
Authors: Samala Ravi K , Drukker Karen , Shukla-Dave Amita , Chan Heang-Ping , Sahiner Berkman , Petrick Nicholas , Greenspan Hayit , Mahmood Usman , Summers Ronald M , Tourassi Georgia , Deserno Thomas M , Regge Daniele , Näppi Janne J , Yoshida Hiroyuki , Huo Zhimin , Chen Quan , Vergara Daniel , Cha Kenny H , Mazurchuk Richard , Grizzard Kevin T , Huisman Henkjan , Morra Lia , Suzuki Kenji , Armato Samuel G , Hadjiiski Lubomir
Published: April 2024

Innovation in medical imaging artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML) demands extensive data collection, algorithmic advancements, and rigorous performance assessments encompassing aspects such as generalizability, uncertainty, bias, fairness, trustworthiness, and interpretability. Achieving widespread integration of AI/ML algorithms into diverse clinical tasks will demand a steadfast commitment to overcoming issues in model design, development, and performance assessment. The complexities of AI/ML clinical translation present substantial challenges, requiring engagement with relevant stakeholders, assessment of cost-effectiveness for user and patient benefit, timely dissemination of information relevant to robust functioning throughout the AI/ML lifecycle, consideration of regulatory compliance, and feedback loops for real-world performance evidence. This commentary addresses several hurdles for the development and adoption of AI/ML technologies in medical imaging. Comprehensive attention to these underlying and often subtle factors is critical not only for tackling the challenges but also for exploring novel opportunities for the advancement of AI in radiology.
Right heart strain in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy: implications for cardiovascular outcome
Authors: Anwer Shehab , Stollenwerk Lauren , Winkler Neria E , Guastafierro Francesca , Hebeisen Monika , Akdis Deniz , Saguner Ardan M , Brunckhorst Corinna , Duru Firat , Tanner Felix C
Published: April 2024

Aims

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is characterized by progressive myocardial dysfunction and associated with an increased risk of major cardiovascular (CV) events. To determine right heart strain (ventricular and atrial global longitudinal strain (RVGLS and RAGLS) in patients with definite ARVC and its association with adverse events during follow-up.

Methods and results

RVGLS and RAGLS were analysed in focused right heart apical views from 70 patients using TomTec ImageArena and association with a composite endpoint was determined (sustained ventricular arrhythmia and cardiovascular death). Over a median follow-up duration of 4.9 years, 26 (37%) patients met the endpoint. RVGLS was significantly impaired in the event group (−11.5 [−13.3 to −10.2] %) vs. the no-event group (−15.8 [−17.1 to −14.5] %, P < 0.001), and so was RAGLS (22.8 [21.4–27.4] % vs. 31.5 [25.1–39.6] %, respectively, P < 0.001). In Cox regression, RVGLS (HR 1.36, P < 0.001) and RAGLS (HR 0.92, P = 0.002) were associated with a higher risk of adverse events. In multivariable Cox regression models, RVGLS and RAGLS remained independent of and were incremental to age, gender, and conventional RV parameters, and model fitness was improved when RVGLS and RAGLS were applied together rather than alone.

Conclusion

RVGLS and RAGLS are more impaired in patients with adverse events and associated with adverse events independent of age, gender, and conventional RV parameters. When RVGLS and RAGLS are applied together, prediction models are improved suggesting that right heart strain may form part of the echocardiographic routine protocol in patients with ARVC.
Stiff right atrial syndrome? A complex clinical case report utilizing multimodality imaging and invasive hemodynamics
Authors: Krishnarao Krithika , Yip Daniel S , Goswami Rohan M , Leoni Juan C , Patel Parag C
Published: April 2024

Background

Stiff left atrial syndrome is a well-established cause of heart failure symptoms. A parallel entity involving the right atrium (RA) has not previously been described. We present a case of refractory right heart failure (RHF) 12 years following orthotopic heart transplantation.

Case summary

Patient underwent annuloplasty ring placement for severe tricuspid regurgitation in 2018 and kidney transplantation in 2020. The use of multimodality imaging and a multidisciplinary approach suggested a stiff RA as a potential etiology to refractory symptoms. Redo-heart and kidney transplantation in March 2021 led to the resolution of symptoms without recurrence.

Discussion

We propose stiff right atrial syndrome that may need to be considered in the setting of refractory RHF primarily suggested by significant right atrial enlargement and restrictive physiology.
Subjective–Objective Sleep Discrepancy in a Predominately White and Educated Older Adult Population: Examining the Associations With Cognition and Insomnia
Authors: Musich Madison , Beversdorf David Q , McCrae Christina S , Curtis Ashley F
Published: April 2024

Objectives

This study examined associations between various cognitive domains and sleep discrepancy (self-reported vs objectively measured sleep), and evaluated interactive associations with insomnia status (non-insomnia vs insomnia).

Methods

Older adults (N = 65, Mage = 68.72, SD = 5.06, 43 insomnia/22 non-insomnia) aged 60+ reported subjective sleep (7 days of sleep diaries), objective sleep assessment (one-night polysomnography, PSG, via Sleep Profiler during the 7-day period), and completed cognitive tasks (National Institutes of Health Toolbox-Cognition Battery) measuring attention and processing speed, working memory, inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, and episodic memory. The sleep diary variable corresponding to the same one night of PSG was used to calculate the sleep discrepancy (diary minus PSG parameter) variables for total sleep time (TST), sleep onset latency, wake after sleep onset, and sleep efficiency. Regression analyses determined independent and interactive (with insomnia status) associations between cognition and sleep discrepancy, controlling for age, sex, apnea–hypopnea index, and sleep medication usage.

Results

Working memory interacted with insomnia status in associations with sleep discrepancy related to TST and sleep efficiency. In those with insomnia, worse working memory was associated with shorter self-reported TST (p = .008) and lower sleep efficiency (p = .04) than PSG measured.

Discussion

In older adults with insomnia, worse working memory may be a contributing factor to sleep discrepancy. Future investigations of underlying neurophysiological factors and consideration of other objective sleep measures (actigraphy) are warranted. Prospective findings may help determine whether sleep discrepancy is a potential marker of future cognitive decline.
Temporal evolution of shear-induced dilatancy of rock fractures: controls from surface roughness and normal stress
Authors: Zhang Supeng , Ji Yinlin , Hofmann Hannes , Yin Qian , Li Shouding , Zhang Yuanchao
Published: April 2024

Understanding the shear-induced dilatancy of rock fractures is important for assessing the permeability evolution and seismic hazard in shale and geothermal reservoirs. The displacement dependence of fracture dilation has been well studied, while the influence of slip velocity is poorly constrained. In this study, we combined displacement- and velocity-dependent aperture models to reproduce the transient shear-induced dilatancy of fractures in sandstone in 16 normal stress unloading tests. Our results show that the combined aperture model can describe the transient fracture aperture evolution during accelerating slip induced by normal stress unloading better than the model dependent only on slip displacement. Slip velocity could enhance the aperture increase on smoother fractures at lower normal stresses and higher slip velocities. Both the dilation factor and characteristic slip distance decrease with increasing normal stress and surface roughness, signifying reduced contribution of slip velocity to transient shear-induced dilatancy at higher normal stresses and surface roughness. The dilation angle increases with the increase of surface roughness, and this increase diminishes at higher normal stresses primarily attributable to more severe asperity wear. These findings highlight the importance of slip velocity in controlling the transient evolution of aperture and permeability of a rock fracture. Our study also provides constraints on the constitutive parameters in the combined aperture model for describing transient shear-induced fracture dilatancy. We suggest that it is crucial to incorporate the velocity-dependent aperture model to simulate the nonlinear evolution of fracture aperture in future analytical and numerical models involving coupled hydromechanical processes in geoenergy systems.
The statistical significance revolution
Authors: Neugut Alfred I , Fojo Tito
Published: April 2024

Statistical significance has long relied on the criterion of P less than or equal to .05. Although this threshold has generally functioned well, it has engendered some negative practices to circumvent it and been criticized as too inflexible. We concur with the statisticians and methodologists who are currently arguing for more flexibility to the P value and more reliance on the 95% confidence interval, a shift that is likely to change future practice in data analysis and interpretation for oncology.
Segmentation of the general public according to differences in knowledge and beliefs about radiation-cluster analysis by attitude, knowledge, belief and anxiety
Authors: Hirai Kei , Yamamura Asayo , Matsumura Yuko , Miura Asako , Yagi Ekou , Fujino Ryohei , Tsubokura Masaharu , Ohtaka Fumio
Published: April 2024

Following the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, public behaviors have been marked by excessive avoidance and stigma, driven by fear and uncertainty regarding radiation exposure and its health implications. Despite extensive media dissemination of information on radiation, the precise nature of the public’s knowledge, beliefs and the resultant behavioral responses remain unclear. This study aimed to segment the population based on their attitudes, knowledge, beliefs and anxiety levels about radiation, correlating these factors with their cognitive and behavioral responses to radiation exposure. Surveying 2400 individuals, we identified seven distinct segments that illustrated a spectrum of health concerns, even among those well-informed about radiation. Notably, individuals with higher health anxiety were found to reject discriminatory prejudices linked to radiation, yet they tended to distrust official information, potentially as a psychological mechanism to justify their avoidance behaviors. These findings underscore the need for tailored communication strategies that address the complex landscape of radiation-related perceptions and misinformation.
Regulatory cellular and molecular networks in the bone microenvironment during aging
Authors: Zhang Lingli , Wang Zhikun , Zhang Yuan , Ji Rui , Li Zhiben , Zou Jun , Gao Bo
Published: April 2024

Age-induced abnormalities in bone metabolism disrupt the equilibrium between bone resorption and formation. This largely stems from disturbances in bone homeostasis, in which signaling pathways exert a significant regulatory influence. Aging compromises the functionality of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), ultimately resulting in tissue dysfunction and pathological aging. Age-related bone degradation primarily manifests as reduced bone formation and the increased accumulation of bone marrow fat. Cellular senescence diminishes bone cell vitality, thereby disrupting the balance of bone remodeling. Intensive osteoclast differentiation leads to the generation of more osteoclasts and increased bone resorption. This review provides insight into the impact of aging on bone, encompassing bone cell states during the aging process and bone signaling pathway transformations. It primarily delves into aging-related signaling pathways, such as the bone morphogenetic protein/Smad, Wnt/β-catenin, osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of NF-κB ligand/receptor activator of NF-κB, connexin43/miR21, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/antioxidant response element pathways, seeking to enhance our comprehension of crucial bone cells and their secretory phenotypes during aging. Furthermore, the precise molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying the interactions between bone signaling pathways and aging are investigated.
Time-domain analysis of multiwaveband flares from AD Leonis
Authors: Zhang Xuying , Li Jixuan , Gao Yang , Qian Lei
Published: April 2024

Radio bursts of magnetically active stars reveal the intensity and activity of the stellar magnetic field. They may also be related to the planets around the stars. We monitored a radio-active star, AD Leonis, 3000 s d−1 for 17 d in 2020 November, and 5000 s d−1 for 5 d in 2023 July with the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST). Based on the simultaneous flux increases in Stokes I and Stokes V, one left-hand circular polarized radio burst is identified. The $\sim 50~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ degree of circular polarization indicates the burst being originated from non-thermal radiation related to the stellar magnetic field. Combining the newly discovered burst with previous observations of radio and X-ray bursts from AD Leonis, we did a periodicity analysis for the 49 bursts in total. No periodicity with confidence level >3σ is found, while a candidate period of 3.04 d at ≈2σ confidence level is presented and discussed. Results of recent FAST observations and the periodicity analysis suggest a more compact campaign of observation towards this source, from which a more optimistic result of period search could be achieved.
The M33 synoptic stellar survey. III. Miras and LPVs in griJHKS
Authors: Konchady Tarini , Macri Lucas M , Yan Xiaomeng , Huang Jianhua Z
Published: April 2024

We present the results of a search for Miras and long-period variables (LPVs) in M33 using griJHKS archival observations from the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope. We use multiband information and machine learning techniques to identify and characterize these variables. We recover ∼1300 previously discovered Mira candidates and identify ∼13 000 new Miras and LPVs. We detect for the first time a clear first-overtone pulsation sequence among Mira candidates in this galaxy. We use O-rich, fundamental-mode Miras in the LMC and M33 to derive a distance modulus for the latter of μ = 24.629 ± 0.046 mag.
VIRA: an exoplanet atmospheric retrieval framework for JWST transmission spectroscopy
Authors: Constantinou Savvas , Madhusudhan Nikku
Published: April 2024

JWST observations are leading to important new insights into exoplanetary atmospheres through transmission spectroscopy. In order to harness the full potential of the broad spectral range and high sensitivity of JWST, atmospheric retrievals of exoplanets require a high level of robustness and accuracy in the underlying models. We present the VIRA retrieval framework which implements a range of modelling and inference capabilities motivated by early JWST observations of exoplanet transmission spectra. This includes three complementary approaches to modelling atmospheric composition, three atmospheric aerosol models, including a physically motivated Mie scattering approach, and consideration of correlated noise. VIRA enables a cascading retrieval architecture involving a sequence of retrievals with increasing sophistication. We demonstrate VIRA using a JWST transmission spectrum of the hot Saturn WASP-39b in the ∼1–5 $\mu$m range. In addition to confirming prior chemical inferences, we retrieve molecular abundances for H2O, CO, CO2, SO2, and H2S, resulting in supersolar elemental abundances of log(O/H) = −2.0 ± 0.2, log(C/H) = −2.1 ± 0.2, and log(S/H) = −3.6 ± 0.2, along with C/O and S/O ratios of $0.83^{+0.05}_{-0.07}$ and $0.029^{+0.012}_{-0.009}$, respectively, in the free chemistry case. The abundances correspond to $20.1^{+10.5}_{-8.1}\times$, $28.2^{+16.3}_{-12.1}\times$, and $20.8^{+10.3}_{-7.5}\times$ solar values for O/H, C/H, and S/H, respectively, compared to C/H = 8.67 ± 0.35 × solar for Saturn. Our results demonstrate how JWST transmission spectroscopy combined with retrieval frameworks like VIRA can measure multi-elemental abundances for giant exoplanets and enable comparative characterization with solar system planets.