bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research of Anode Structure of High Emission Flux X-ray Source Based on Composite Structure
Authors: Yanyang Liu , Xinwei Li , Ye Li , Xulei Qin
Published: December 2022

This study presents the design of an X-ray source anode structure that can boost X-ray emission flux. The construction makes use of the properties of the composite structure to increase thermal conductivity of the anode. To indirectly enhance the X-ray output flux, the number of electron
beams at the source is increased. In addition to explaining the composite anode’s design and manufacturing process, this paper concentrates on a study of the material’s thermal conductivity. X-ray flux of several anode are simulated and compared using finite element analysis (FEA)
techniques. It was found that the substrate material for the composite anode construction needed to have a high melting point and thermal conductivity. The characteristic enables rapid conduction of the heat produced in focal region of the anode. In addition, the anode’s thermal stability
is assured while the high temperature phenomena brought on by energy buildup is prevented. It establishes the framework for making subsequent anodes.
Study on the Time-Varying Characteristics of In-Situ State Temperature Field of Drilled Work Piece Based on Unsteady Heat Conduction
Authors: Feng Kui-Kui , Zhang Fa-Ping , Wang Wu-Hong , Wu Zhen-He , Ma Jun-Jiu
Published: December 2022

In-Situ state heat conduction in drilling workpiece results in time-varying temperature field, which affects the final machining accuracy. From the joint action of many factors, such as geometry, material, and thermal convection characteristics, it is difficult to accurately
model and describe the time-varying characteristics of the temperature field. Therefore, the time-varying model of the In-Situ state temperature field is analyzed in this paper, which lays a foundation for establishing a high-precision multi-physical field model. First, following the
geometric characteristics of the drilling hole and the three-dimensional heat transfer mechanism, the heat transfer model of the drilled part is established, and the relationship between the temperature field and the physical parameters of the workpiece is characterized. Then, combining radial
and axial unsteady heat conduction mechanisms, the dimensionless temperature calculation method is adopted to realize the construction of a temperature time-varying model. After that, the model parameters are revised according to the In-Situ state evolution process of the checkpoints.
Finally, the experiments are carried out to calculate the credibility of the model. The results show that the prediction model is consistent with the experimental data, and the credibility of non-room temperature dynamic interval is 99.23%, which can effectively reflect the real temperature
field conduction process.
A Caching-Based Pipelining Model for Improving the Input/Output Performance of Distributed Data Storage Systems
Authors: Alblehai Fahad
Published: December 2022

Distributed data storage requires swift input/output (I/O) processing features to prevent pipelines from balancing requests and responses. Unpredictable data streams and fetching intervals congest the data retrieval from distributed systems. To address this issue, in this article, a
Coordinated Pipeline Caching Model (CPCM) is proposed. The proposed model distinguishes request and response pipelines for different intervals of time by reallocating them. The reallocation is performed using storage and service demand analysis; in the analysis, edge-assisted federated learning
is utilized. The shared pipelining process is fetched from the connected edge devices to prevent input and output congestion. In pipeline allocation and storage management, the current data state and I/O responses are augmented by distributed edges. This prevents pipeline delays and aids storage
optimization through replication mitigation. Therefore, the proposed model reduces the congestion rate (57.60%), replication ratio (59.90%), and waiting time (54.95%) and improves the response ratio (5.16%) and processing rate (74.25%) for different requests.
Data Detection Device for Turret Motion Image Using Photoelectric Tracking Control System and Its Performance Analysis
Authors: Ou Bing , Yang Jingjing , Wang Wei
Published: December 2022

The photoelectric tracking control system is a system composed of photoelectric signal detection, signal processing, servo control system and mechanical structure, which plays a crucial role in the field of target tracking. The turret needs to be tested when it leaves the factory, including
high-low direction, horizontal direction, aiming speed and other indicators. Moreover, there are large errors in the manual testing methods such as recorder and recording pen, so the photoelectric tracking device is used for the detection of the turret system. First, the hardware of the photoelectric
tracking system is designed, including the main control circuit, peripheral expansion module circuit, intelligent power drive circuit and a detection circuit. The system is connected to the camera. The optical signal sent by the system will hit the fixed target. The upper computer will track
the trajectory of the light in real-time and then track the trajectory of the turret to obtain the coordinates of the optical signal and the offset angular velocity of the turret. First, color conversion is conducted on the image data collected by photoelectric tracking through the weighted
average method. The complete motion path of the turret is obtained through an image denoising algorithm to obtain the motion speed of the turret. In the test, the photoelectric tracking system is first connected to the motor, and enters a stable state when the motor rotor is 80 ms. The rotor
speed is faster. When the rotor speed decreases, the system’s current ripple is large, and then decreases rapidly. After the control system is installed in the turret, its display can be driven by FPGA programming. The VGA display of influence time is set, the editing program is downloaded
to the FPGA development board, and the gray image of the turret motion track can be seen through the VGA display.
Design and Simulation of Tunable Infrared Absorber Based on Flexible Metasurface
Authors: Yu Bo , Zhou Hao-Wen , Cheng Qi
Published: December 2022

Tunable metasurface plays a crucial role in the modulation of infrared. And the flexible substrate realizes the possibility for mechanical tuning without additional electronic equipment. Based on the nanoscale metasurface, a tunable infrared absorber is designed and simulated with a
narrow-band absorption peak of 75.6% at 18.4 THz. A silver structure is embedded in the PDMS flexible substrate. Through the simulation of CST software and the analysis of the RLC model, it is evidenced that the infrared absorption spectrum of the metasurface appears an obvious redshift, with
the increase of area. When the flexible metasurface is stretched by 132%, the frequency of absorption peak moves to 16.4 THz, which still stays above 75%. Based on stretchtuned metasurface, the absorber is expected to be applied in displacement sensing, infrared detection, and other fields.
Near-the-Line Steel Slag Analysis Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy: Traditional Univariate Versus Machine Learning Calibration Methods
Authors: Peterson Jonas , Gilbert-Gatty Melina , Ekström Krister , Hagesjö Louise , Bengtson Arne
Published: December 2022

This work is focused on rapid quantitative analysis of slag in the steel industry for improved process control. The novel approach in this work is a direct comparison of two methods to calibrate and quantify spectral data from the slags. Calibration was first done with the most prevalent method in quantitative optical emission spectroscopy (OES) of solids, the univariate ratio method. The second method is an advanced multivariate analysis (MVA) algorithm termed Elastic Net, allowing to include several lines for each element in the calibration functions. In both methods, the output is mass fraction ratios of the analyte element (or compound) to a matrix element (compound). The actual mass fractions of each compound are calculated by sum normalization assuming the matrix to make up the difference up to 100%. The metric used to evaluate the performance of the methods in terms of accuracy is the parameter σrel calculated as the ratio of the root mean square (RMS) deviation from values obtained by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) divided by the average mass fraction of the compound, expressed in percent. A bit surprising, the main outcome of the comparison is that there is very little difference in the performance of the two methods. One exception is the analysis of MgO, where the elastic net gives significantly better accuracy. Presumably, this is due to the use of multiple lines for Mg to build the calibration function. This is very encouraging, since MgO is a major compound in most slags that needs to be determined accurately. It is suggested to improve accuracy further by means of separate calibrations for a limited number of slag types.
Grand Challenges and Female Leaders: An Exploration of Relational Leadership During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Oliver Abbie Griffith , Pfarrer Michael D. , Neville François
Published: December 2022

Managing grand challenges demands a relational leader who encourages collaboration, coordination, and trust with various stakeholders. Although leaders appear to play a critical role in addressing grand challenges, relatively little research exists about the factors that inform stakeholder perceptions of leaders during a grand challenge. To address this limitation, we integrate implicit leadership theory and gender role theory to consider stakeholders’ gender prescriptive expectations when evaluating leader effectiveness during the COVID-19 pandemic. We theorize that stakeholders advantage female leaders based on mental schemas of what is required in a pandemic—relational leadership—and stakeholders’ prescriptive expectations of female leaders as more relational. Using a laboratory experiment, we find that female leaders are perceived as more relational, and hence, more effective than their male counterparts. Our findings advance scholars’ and practitioners’ understanding of strategic leadership, stakeholder management, and grand challenges.
Youth Mental Health Diversion at Court: Barriers to Diversion and Impact on Reoffending
Authors: Gaskin Claire , Singh Sara , Soon Yin-Lan , Korobanova Daria , Hawes David , Lloyd Trisha , Kasinathan John , Dean Kimberlie
Published: December 2022

In a cohort of young people referred to an Australian mental health court diversion service over a 7-year period, 46.5% of those deemed eligible ( n = 523) were granted diversion and the following were identified as barriers to being granted diversion: identifying as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander, having substance use problems, prior offending, and no record of prior diversion. Young people granted diversion were significantly less likely to reoffend, even after adjustment for a range of other covariates. This study highlights the need to address barriers to mental health court diversion for young people, particularly in light of the evidence of its effectiveness in reducing risk of reoffending.
Adaptation of Universal Behavioral Supports Within an Alternative Education Setting
Authors: Minkos Marlena L. , Winter Emily L. , Trudel Sierra M.
Published: December 2022

Alternative education (AE) settings support students with significant social–emotional and behavioral needs. Such settings often implement individualized programming; however, this presents challenges with staffing resources and training. Application of systems to address behavior on a schoolwide level could simplify training, increase staffing flexibility, and decrease use of crisis response procedures. This 2-year, descriptive case study provides an implementation example of universal behavioral supports based on a Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS) framework within an AE setting. Over the course of the study, a reduction in staff use of restraint and seclusion procedures was observed. Additionally, staff perceived the framework favorably. Implementation steps are described, along with differentiation of the framework to meet the needs of a heterogeneous student population within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
A discrete simulation-based optimization approach for multi-period redeployment in emergency medical services
Authors: Aboueljinane Lina , Sahin Evren , Jemai Zied
Published: December 2022

Emergency Medical Service (EMS) managers continuously strive to improve the coverage performance, i.e., the percentage of calls responded to within a specific target time, to save lives in case of life-threatening emergencies. This goal can be achieved by dynamically adjusting the location of rescue teams during a day in response to some temporal or geographical fluctuations such as demand patterns, traffic conditions, or the number of teams on duty. This relocation is known as the multi-period redeployment problem. In this study, we propose a discrete simulation-based optimization model to adress the multi-period redeployment problem in the French EMS of the Val-de-Marne department (France), named SAMU 94. The proposed model uses an iterative method that combines the use of a mathematical model to find the optimal locations of rescue teams with the use of the SAMU 94 simulation model implemented in Arena software, to evaluate the busy fraction parameters required to solve the mathematical model. The model performance was compared with that of the simulation-based optimization software, OptQuest. The experimental results demonstrated that the iterative method could produce solutions with better coverage performance, 20 times faster than OptQuest.
Simulation of luggage-laden passengers’ behavior in the evacuation process based on a floor field CA model case study: Tehran metro-rail transfer corridor
Authors: Jahedinia Fatemeh , Bagheri Morteza , Naderan Ali , Bahramian Zahra
Published: December 2022

Passengers’ safety against unexpected incidents such as rail stations’ fire accidents is essential in the safety field. The presence of luggage with passengers occupies extra space, diminishes passenger’s velocity in high densities, and consequently increases the evacuation time. Therefore, studying the mixture of luggage-laden passengers with non-luggage-laden passengers during the emergency evacuation time of a rail station is vital. In this paper, a simulation of a metro-rail transfer station using an extended cellular automata (CA) model is used to illustrate the importance of this consideration. In this model, luggage-laden passengers and non-luggage-laden passengers are defined as two-cell and one-cell groups, respectively. Specific parameters for luggage-laden passengers in minimum wall prevention and velocity are used. Also, the volume of each passenger group is extracted from the Wi-Fi scanners during the busiest time of the normal station operational hours due to metro and railway schedules. The simulation is carried out using the Python programming language. Fourteen scenarios that vary in their impact on the three classifications of station infrastructure, station equipment, and management’s approach are presented. The analysis indicates that approximately 28% of passengers, or 236 passengers, will not be evacuated in the time period predicted by the simulation if the luggage is not considered. Interestingly, resizing retail stores in the corridor reduced emergency evacuation times by 6.3%, the equivalent of removing them. Failures in the two escalators affect an 8% and 9.4% increase in emergency evacuation time and cause 28 and 46 more passengers to be trapped, respectively. Although the construction of the second railway entrance corridor has been suspended, results indicate that it will save 67 passengers and reduce evacuation time by 9.5%.
Self-Restriction, Political Myth, and the Politics of the Ordinary: Mou Zongsan’s Confucian Democracy
Authors: Jin Yutang
Published: December 2022

This essay examines prominent New Confucian Mou Zongsan’s account of Confucian democracy by focusing on his key notion of “self-restriction.” According to Mou, true sage-kings would willingly respect ordinary people’s individual endeavors in the political realm and endorse democracy as a form of government. This move of self-restriction then aligns Confucianism with democracy in a way that fundamentally restructures traditional Confucian rulership. I make contributions on two fronts. First, I offer a reading of Mou’s self-restriction different from existing ones that can help to disambiguate many aspects of Mou’s political thought. Second, what is often left out of existing discussion on Mou is the narrative of political myth and distinctive personality types associated with it. For Mou, political leadership’s impetus for transcending rule-based order and the people’s aspirations for the “superman” run deep and lie in the lasting appeal of political myth. Invoking Nietzsche, I discuss the sense in which transforming traditional rulership is not only a question of ought—why Confucians ought to adopt self-restriction—but a question of how it is possible for self-restriction to fulfill its mission. Commentators on his thought have so far largely glossed over this second aspect of Mou’s thought, thereby selling short the complexity of the idea of self-restriction. My key argument is that Mou’s self-restriction shows an effort to revamp the superman’s politics of the extraordinary into a politics of the ordinary.
The Rise of Fascism in Brazil
Authors: Boito Armando
Published: December 2022

Analysis of Brazil’s Bolsonaro administration, its most active social support base, and the political crisis that gave rise to it shows that, operating with a concept of fascism embedded in the Marxist tradition, it can be characterized as (neo)fascist. The political crisis of 2015–2018 that led to it involved a crisis of hegemony of the bloc in power, the crisis of party representation of the dominant classes, political activism by the state bureaucracy, the political defensiveness of the workers’ and lower-class movement, and the formation of a reactionary middle-class movement. The option for fascism was not without risks, as is reflected today by the demonstrations of dissatisfaction with its administration.

Uma análise do governo Bolsonaro no Brasil, a sua base social a mais ativa e a crise política que lhe deve origem, mostra que, baseado num conceito de fascismo enquadrado na tradição marxista, este governo pode ser denominado como (neo)fascista. O governo (neo)fascista de Bolsonaro era decorrente de uma crise política nos anos 2015-2018 que implicou uma crise de hegemonia no bloco de poder, uma crise de representação partidária das classes dominantes, um ativismo político na burocrâcia estatal, uma atitude defensiva política do movimento dos trabalhadores e classes pobres e a formação de um movimento reacionário da classe média. A opçao fascista não é isento de riscos vis-à-vis a burguesia como se reflete hoje nas manifestações de insatisfação com a administração burguesa.
Stigmatizing Street Vendors and Market Traders: The Case of Amsterdam from a Historical Perspective
Authors: van Eck Emil , Rath Jan
Published: December 2022

This article contributes to the debate on the stigmatization of street vendors and market traders by illuminating the moralizing and disciplinary state interventions that city officials used in Amsterdam to direct the social and spatial behaviors of this group in the period of the “civilizing offensive” at the beginning of the twentieth century. By using archive materials, this article empirically demonstrates that these interventions were justified by stigmatizing narratives that represented street vendors as “ill-adapted” and “undisciplined,” and considered their behaviors as an inevitable outcome of their marginalized socioeconomic position. Whereas in recent studies neoliberalism is often mentioned as the driving force behind narratives that stigmatize street vendors and market traders, the case of Amsterdam demonstrates that the stigmatization and regulation of such marginalized communities could better be considered as consistent and historical processes in which the state, particularly the local state, offers its assistance.
A Big League Minneapolis or a Cold Omaha: Professional Sports and the Promise of Downtown Growth in the Campaign to Build the Metrodome
Authors: Tochterman Brian
Published: December 2022

Since the 1990s, cities and professional sports franchises have engaged in a frenzied competition to maintain or lure teams, build modern amenity-laden venues, and revitalize underdeveloped or underperforming downtown areas. This article argues that the case of the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome (1982) in Minneapolis is instructive for understanding the current context and prevailing trends in stadium redevelopment. To secure a move of baseball and football operations from suburban Bloomington to the city of Minneapolis, boosters and city officials lauded the prospects for downtown revitalization the stadium would bring. Leverage of a stadium’s “intangibles” was particularly alluring to municipal and business leadership in the 1970s as cities like Minneapolis wrestled with population loss and a post-industrial reality. Despite promises unfulfilled, threats of franchise loss and the prospect for downtown revitalization in contemporary stadium development games remain a lasting legacy of Minneapolis’s dome debate.
Where Were Bodies Buried? The Complex Transformation of Beijing’s Mortuary Space from the Perspective of the Conflict between Tradition and Modernity, 1912-1949
Authors: Wang Changsong , Zhang Shuai , Jiang Shutong
Published: December 2022

The urban mortuary space is an essential part of the traditional social space of Beijing, revealing the complex modernization process during the period of the Republic of China (1912-1949). The main mortuary space of Beijing comprised Yidi (a traditional Chinese graveyard), mortuary temples, and modern cemeteries. The Beijing government failed to adapt or renovate the traditional mortuary space during this period. The Yidi and mortuary temples were mainly distributed in the outer city of Beijing; both of them were formed hundreds of years ago and provided for the immigrants, the poor, and beggars. The modern cemeteries injected new elements into the mortuary space, which also strengthened social class divisions and spatial segregation due to the price-driven graveyards and services. The traditional mortuary space quickly disappeared in the 1950s with great improvement in public hygiene. The complex process of Beijing’s mortuary space transformation reflects the modernization of Chinese cities.
Ectopic Thymic Carcinoma Located on The Dorsal Side of The Thyroid Gland
Authors: Wang Wei , Xu Jia-Ying , Zhang Bo-Tao , Jiang Jun
Published: December 2022

Migration of the embryonic thymus is thought to be the basis for the formation of ectopic thymic tumors. Thymic ectopy may be a result of the abnormal migration of the third or fourth branchial cleft to the anterior mediastinum during weeks 5–6 of embryonic development. However, ectopic thymic carcinoma has highly nonspecific histologic features and occurs in variable and unpredictable locations making it difficult to diagnose. However, the clinical diagnosis and treatment should not overlook the possibility of ectopic thymic tumors. Here, we report a case of ectopic thymic carcinoma diagnosed as thyroid cancer before surgery occurring in a location consistent with current assumptions. Furthermore, we briefly review the literature on ectopic thymic carcinoma and discuss current diagnostic and treatment approaches.
Deviancy Aversion and Social Norms
Authors: Gollwitzer Anton , Martel Cameron , Heinecke Anna , Bargh John A.
Published: December 2022

We propose that deviancy aversion—people’s domain-general discomfort toward the distortion of patterns (repeated forms or models)—contributes to the strength and prevalence of social norms in society. Five studies ( N = 2,390) supported this hypothesis. In Study 1, individuals’ deviancy aversion, for instance, their aversion toward broken patterns of simple geometric shapes, predicted negative affect toward norm violations (affect), greater self-reported norm following (behavior), and judging norms as more valuable (belief). Supporting generalizability, deviancy aversion additionally predicted greater conformity on accuracy-orientated estimation tasks (Study 2), adherence to physical distancing norms during COVID-19 (Study 3), and increased following of fairness norms (Study 4). Finally, experimentally heightening deviancy aversion increased participants’ negative affect toward norm violations and self-reported norm behavior, but did not convincingly heighten belief-based norm judgments (Study 5). We conclude that a human sensitivity to pattern distortion functions as a low-level affective process that promotes and maintains social norms in society
Psychometrics of the Sickle Cell Disease Health-Related Stigma Scale-Short Form
Authors: Jenerette Coretta , O’Brien Julia , Jaja Cheedy , Carvalho Evanilda Souza de Santana , Brewer Cheryl , Hickman Ronald L.
Published: December 2022

Health-related stigma, a form of devaluation related to a health condition, is common in individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD). Pain is the hallmark symptom of SCD, and health-related stigma is often described during care-seeking for pain management. Few published instruments measure health-related stigma in individuals with SCD. This study builds on the psychometrics of the 30- and 40-item Sickle Cell Disease Health-Related Stigma Scale (SCD-HRSS). In a sample of 197 adults with SCD, the results support the reliability and validity of a 21-item scale, the SCD-HRSS-Short Form, with an overall Cronbach’s alpha reliability of 0.91 and discriminant validity with the PROMIS-29 subscales (anxiety, depressive symptoms, pain interference, physical fatigue, sleep, and role satisfaction). A shorter yet reliable and valid scale may decrease the burden for this underrepresented, minoritized population while still providing important information regarding their experiences of stigmatization.
Family communication patterns, mediated communication, and well-being: A communication interdependence perspective on parent–adult child relationships
Authors: Buehler Emily M. , Crowley Jenny L. , Peterson Ashley M. , Jackl Jennifer A.
Published: December 2022

This study investigated how technology use, as understood through the communication interdependence perspective (CIP) and family communication patterns (FCPs), influence well-being in parent–adult child relationships. We proposed a model in which beliefs and attitudes about family communication shape adult children’s interdependent use of multiple modes of communication with a parent, which in turn impact their loneliness, psychological well-being, relational satisfaction, and closeness with a parent. Results revealed conversation orientation largely promoted communication interdependence (i.e., increased integration of face-to-face and mediated communication and ease of transitioning between channels), whereas conformity orientation largely dampened communication interdependence (i.e., increased segmentation to mediated channels and difficulty transitioning between channels). In turn, more communication interdependence (i.e., less segmentation to mediated channels and more ease transitioning between channels) corresponded with more relational well-being while segmentation to face-to-face reduced loneliness. Several indirect effects suggest that the ways adult children use technology with a parent help explain how cognitive schemas fostered by FCPs affect well-being. Theoretical implications are discussed as they pertain to the CIP and family communication.
The use of natural language processing in palliative care research: A scoping review
Authors: Sarmet Max , Kabani Aamna , Coelho Luis , dos Reis Sara Seabra , Zeredo Jorge L , Mehta Ambereen K
Published: December 2022

Background:

Natural language processing has been increasingly used in palliative care research over the last 5 years for its versatility and accuracy.

Aim:

To evaluate and characterize natural language processing use in palliative care research, including the most commonly used natural language processing software and computational methods, data sources, trends in natural language processing use over time, and palliative care topics addressed.

Design:

A scoping review using the framework by Arksey and O’Malley and the updated recommendations proposed by Levac et al. was conducted.

Sources:

PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and IEEE Xplore databases were searched for palliative care studies that utilized natural language processing tools. Data on study characteristics and natural language processing instruments used were collected and relevant palliative care topics were identified.

Results:

197 relevant references were identified. Of these, 82 were included after full-text review. Studies were published in 48 different journals from 2007 to 2022. The average sample size was 21,541 (median 435). Thirty-two different natural language processing software and 33 machine-learning methods were identified. Nine main sources for data processing and 15 main palliative care topics across the included studies were identified. The most frequent topic was mortality and prognosis prediction. We also identified a trend where natural language processing was frequently used in analyzing clinical serious illness conversations extracted from audio recordings.

Conclusions:

We found 82 papers on palliative care using natural language processing methods for a wide-range of topics and sources of data that could expand the use of this methodology. We encourage researchers to consider incorporating this cutting-edge research methodology in future studies to improve published palliative care data.
Measuring capillary flow dynamics using interlaced two-photon volumetric scanning
Authors: Giblin John T , Park Seong-Wook , Jiang John , Kılıç Kıvılcım , Kura Sreekanth , Tang Jianbo , Boas David A , Chen Ichun A
Published: December 2022

Two photon microscopy and optical coherence tomography (OCT) are two standard methods for measuring flow speeds of red blood cells in microvessels, particularly in animal models. However, traditional two photon microscopy lacks the depth of field to adequately capture the full volumetric complexity of the cerebral microvasculature and OCT lacks the specificity offered by fluorescent labeling. In addition, the traditional raster scanning technique utilized in both modalities requires a balance of image frame rate and field of view, which severely limits the study of RBC velocities in the microvascular network. Here, we overcome this by using a custom two photon system with an axicon based Bessel beam to obtain volumetric images of the microvascular network with fluorescent specificity. We combine this with a novel scan pattern that generates pairs of frames with short time delay sufficient for tracking red blood cell flow in capillaries. We track RBC flow speeds in 10 or more capillaries simultaneously at 1 Hz in a 237 µm × 237 µm × 120 µm volume and quantified both their spatial and temporal variability in speed. We also demonstrate the ability to track flow speed changes around stalls in capillary flow and measure to 300 µm in depth.
25-Gauge pars plana vitrectomy combined with air tamponade for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
Authors: Shen Peiyang , Kong Xiangbin , Chen Guo , Jiang Jianhua , Yan Shigang , Lu Xiaohe , He Mingguang
Published: December 2022

Objective

This study was performed to evaluate the outcomes of 25-gauge (25-G) pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with air tamponade for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).

Methods

This retrospective consecutive case series included 126 eyes of 125 patients with primary RRD who underwent 25-G PPV with air tamponade. The patients were followed up for at least 6 months following surgery. The main outcome measures were the primary and final anatomical success rates and postoperative complications.

Results

The mean age of the 125 patients (80 men and 45 women) was 53.7 ± 10.0 years. The mean follow-up period was 8.3 ± 2.2 months (range, 6–18 months). Twenty-four eyes (19.0%) presented with high myopia, and 13 eyes (10.3%) were pseudophakic. Of the 126 eyes, 37 (29.4%) had inferior breaks, 2 (1.6%) had choroidal detachment, and 86 (68.3%) had macular detachment. The single- and final-operation success rates were 96.0% and 100%, respectively. Postoperative complications included macular hole formation in two eyes. During follow-up, secondary cataract surgery was performed in 27 (23.9%) of the 113 phakic eyes.

Conclusion

25-G PPV with air tamponade is effective and safe in treating selected patients with primary RRD with a high anatomical success rate.
Which Clinical and Demographic Factors are Related to Incarceration in Male Patients With Antisocial Personality Disorder?
Authors: Esposito Cecilia Maria , Ceresa Alessandro , Auxilia Anna Maria , Zanelli Quarantini Francesco , Caldiroli Alice , Capuzzi Enrico , Clerici Massimo , Buoli Massimiliano
Published: December 2022

Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD) is a condition largely represented in detention centers where can reach a prevalence of 60% in male prisoners. The objective of this study is to identify the clinical and demographic factors that differentiate subjects with APD and hosted in penitentiary with respect to those are treated in outpatient psychiatric clinics. We recruited 65 male patients affected by APD, whose 26 were followed up in community mental health services and 39 were serving their sentence in a detention center located in Monza. Socio-demographic and clinical data were obtained through a review of the clinical charts, and interviews with patients or their relatives (if available). We performed descriptive analyses on the total sample, then we compared the two groups identified by the type of setting (outpatient clinic vs. penitentiary) by independent sample t tests (quantitative variables) or χ2 tests (qualitative ones). For qualitative variables odds ratios ( ORs) were also calculated. Outpatients with APD (with respect to those hosted in the detention center) resulted: to be older ( p = .02), to be less likely married ( p = .01), to have more pre-onset psychiatric comorbidity ( p = .05), to have more pre-onset substance poly-misuse ( p = .01), to have more previous psychiatric hospitalizations ( p < .01), and to be less likely to have received lifetime psychotherapy ( p < .01). Globally, the results of this study show how the presence of psychiatric comorbidity or substance abuse (with the probable access to psychiatric services) before the onset of APD prevents imprisonment. This aspect is even more surprising when we consider that the two groups of patients show no differences in the frequency of crimes. Future research will have to confirm if early mental health care can really limit the access to penitentiary of subjects affected by APD.
Transition Perspectives of High School Students With Learning Disabilities: A Qualitative Metasynthesis
Authors: Yeager Kristopher Hawk , Morgan Joseph John
Published: December 2022

Student involvement is integral to transition planning for students with learning disabilities (LD). However, only a small body of research has examined the perspectives of high school students with LD related to this process. We conducted a systematic literature review and subsequent metasynthesis of 14 studies that met criteria and quality indicators for qualitative research in special education. Using a collaborative coding process, we identified five themes: (1) differences in support from professionals, family, and peers for transition, (2) perspectives on transition planning vision, meetings, and documents (3) evaluation of transition activities related to academics and graduation, career, and college, (4) self-determination examples, barriers, and facilitators, and (5) awareness of influence that gender, race, and/or culture have on transition. We discuss implications for practice and future research.
Inducible Reporter Lines for Tissue-specific Monitoring of Drosophila Circadian Clock Transcriptional Activity
Authors: Mather Lilyan M. , Cholak Meghan E. , Morfoot Connor M. , Curro Katherine C. , Love Jacob , Cavanaugh Daniel J.
Published: December 2022

Organisms track time of day through the function of cell-autonomous molecular clocks. In addition to a central clock located in the brain, molecular clocks are present in most peripheral tissues. Circadian clocks are coordinated within and across tissues, but the manner through which this coordination is achieved is not well understood. We reasoned that the ability to track in vivo molecular clock activity in specific tissues of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, would facilitate an investigation into the relationship between different clock-containing tissues. Previous efforts to monitor clock gene expression in single flies in vivo have used regulatory elements of several different clock genes to dictate expression of a luciferase reporter enzyme, the activity of which can be monitored using a luminometer. Although these reporter lines have been instrumental in our understanding of the circadian system, they generally lack cell specificity, making it difficult to compare molecular clock oscillations between different tissues. Here, we report the generation of several novel lines of flies that allow for inducible expression of a luciferase reporter construct for clock gene transcriptional activity. We find that these lines faithfully report circadian transcription, as they exhibit rhythmic luciferase activity that is dependent on a functional molecular clock. Furthermore, we take advantage of our reporter lines’ tissue specificity to demonstrate that peripheral molecular clocks are able to retain rhythmicity for multiple days under constant environmental conditions.
Individual- and Community-Level Factors Associated With Voluntary Participation
Authors: Lam Marcus M. , Grasse Nathan J. , McDougle Lindsey M.
Published: December 2022

Voluntary participation in local groups or organizations varies by individual and across communities. Few studies examine the influence of structural resources on voluntary participation, with prior studies often considering it a single, binary action. Drawing from three data sources, we examined the extent to which individual-level and community-level factors—including the presence of nonprofit organizations—were associated with voluntary participation. We model participation as two distinct actions and estimate the likelihood of respondents participating in one organization or group compared with the likelihood of participating in multiple organizations or groups. We found individual characteristics such as homeownership, marriage, and better health were associated with participation in only one group or organization. Identifying as White, having some college education, more children per household, and church attendance were positively associated with participating in one group or organization and subsequent participation. At the community level, nonprofit density was positively associated with voluntary participation.
Visuality, rhetoric, and reality in the Second Slavery
Authors: Rood Dan
Published: December 2022

This piece engages with the new book Reconstructing the Landscapes of Slavery: A Visual History of the Plantation in the Nineteenth-Century Atlantic World. It places the text within the longer publication histories of the four authors, while also articulating what is unique about the book under discussion. Finally, it wrestles with the authors’ particular take on aesthetics and power, as well as the theory of plantation landscape they advocate, suggesting the usefulness of some alternative perspectives.
A NN-based attention model for rope vibration prediction and channel sensitivity analysis
Authors: Xu Shuang , Tao Jianfeng , Dong Chang , Mao Shuai , Xie Jingren , Liu Chengliang
Published: December 2022

It is difficult to implement modeling for overall construction due to the complex structure and distinct environmental influences for the high-speed elevator so researchers rarely achieve end-to-end control for vibration suppression. Meanwhile, the dynamic parameters of the hoist component (the hoist rope) contain more environmental disturbance characteristics than the traction machine. In this paper, a sensitivity analysis of data channels of hoist rope that can help to clarify the effective control loop based on experimental results is implemented. The authors combined a neural network-based (NN-based) regression model and attention module for predicting hoisting rope vibration to achieve over 95% accuracy, and determine the channel data that contributes most to vibration prediction.
Design and hybrid impedance control of a new compliant wrist rehabilitation device
Authors: Yellewa Mwayi E , Mohammed Abdelfatah , Ishii Hiroyuki , Assal Samy FM
Published: December 2022

Over a decade, wrist rehabilitation robots have been proved to be efficient in the rehabilitation of patients with stroke or wrist injuries. Wrist rehabilitation devices compensate for deficiencies in manual rehabilitation training and reduce the workload of physiotherapists with their repetitive and gradual training necessary to rehabilitate patients with wrist impairments properly. Two design approaches have been reported in literature for wrist rehabilitation robotic devices. In one design approach, the strategy of placing the actuators, either linear or rotary, on the forearm to minimise the weight and inertia has been proposed. This necessitates a use of sophisticated transmission systems. In the other design approach, rotary motors have been proposed to be placed directly on the wrist joints, which results in a high weight and inertia. In this paper, a new 2-DOF compliant wrist rehabilitation device that can achieve the flexion-extension and radial-ulnar rehabilitation movements compliantly is proposed. In the proposed design, two series elastic actuators (SEAs), each consists of a servomotor and a custom-designed series elastic unit, are proposed to be placed directly on the wrist joints. In order to minimise the inertia and the required torques, the device is counterweight balanced by optimising the centre of mass of the device in the SolidWorks model. Based on the device dynamics modelled by ADAMS software, hybrid position and force tracking impedance control with the incorporation of a disturbance observer controller for the rotary SEA is developed for position and force tracking through the different therapeutic exercises. The disturbance observer controller is incorporated for high precision force control and robustness against exogenous disturbances. Simulation results demonstrate high performance of the proposed wrist rehabilitation device in terms of precise position and force trajectories tracking and robustness against exogenous disturbance as well as patient safety during all therapeutic exercises.
A methodological approach to design a coil for localised high-frequency induction heating of flat plate
Authors: Biswal Sunil Kumar , Pal Sukhomay
Published: December 2022

High-frequency induction heating (HFIH) is a quick heating technology, mostly used for localised surface treatment. The HFIH process has a portable RLC tank circuit consisting of a fixed size capacitor bank, load-matching transformer and a small size inductor coil. However, the work feasibility of small size inductor coil involves complexity in matching the resonant frequency between the RLC tank circuit and the high-frequency induction power source. Because the resonant frequency of the RLC tank circuit depends on the shape, size and configuration of the considered inductor coil. To address the issue, a numerical model-based approach is proposed herein to do the frequency matching for any coil configurations. Three different coil configurations such as co-direction, single-direction and opposite-direction current coils are considered in the simulation study to optimise their geometry and estimation of resonant frequencies. Based on the derived resonant frequency of the inductor coils, another coupled electromagnetic-thermal model is developed to get the thermal characteristics for a planar heating process of an 8 mm thick mild steel plate. After finding the optimal geometry of all coil configurations, the coils are fabricated and used in experimentation to verify the results of numerical models. It is found that the coil geometry has a significant effect on the resonant frequency and the heating characteristics. In addition, the current work emphasises a systematic approach to address the temperature non-uniformity that arises at the inlet and outlet positions of the workpiece in movable induction heating.
An experimental assessment of using waste plastic fuel as an additive in a DI diesel engine running on Jatropha biodiesel blends
Authors: Kumar Rajan , Misra Manoj Kumar , Roy Manish Kumar
Published: December 2022

The sole objective of the current work is to assess the effects of adding waste plastic fuel to diesel and jatropha biodiesel. In order to test this, seven distinct fuel samples made up of jatropha biodiesel-diesel, WPF-jatropha biodiesel-diesel, and regular diesel as a reference fuel were created using predefined volumetric proportions. After thorough characterization, studies are carried out employing spectroscopic methods such as FTIR, elemental analysis, and GC-MS. Finally, a direct-injection single-cylinder diesel engine underwent performance and emission tests. It has been discovered that adding WPF to biodiesel lowers its density, flash point, and viscosity. When WPF is added to biodiesel blends, the biodiesel’s cold flow properties are improved, and its calorific value and diesel index are raised. According to FTIR analysis of the fuel samples, the WPF mixed biodiesel, biodiesel, and diesel all share certain common functional groups. According to GC-MS examination of the fuel samples, all of the blends contain some aliphatic and aromatic chemicals as well as diglycerides, triglycerides, and ester components. WPF blended fuels exhibit improved thermal efficiency under partial loading situations, according to engine performance tests. It is discovered that the WPF blended fuel has a lower exhaust temperature than biodiesel. Compared to biodiesel and diesel, WPF mixed fuel has higher HC emissions but lower NOx emissions. Thus, it is advantageous to mix waste plastic fuel with biodiesel because doing so lowers NOx emissions while simultaneously raising the calorific value and diesel index of the biodiesel.
Theoretical and experimental study on drag torque of wet clutch considering surface tension and shrinkage of oil film
Authors: Xu Chunjie , Xie Fangwei , Guo Xinjian , Agarwal Ramesh K , Liu Xiumei , He Kewei , Li Zhibao
Published: December 2022

The drag torque produced by the viscous shearing action of lubricating oil is an important component of the power loss of wet clutches. Studying the prediction model and its influencing factors will provide important theoretical support for reducing the drag torque. Taking a single friction pair wet clutch as the research object, this research obtained the oil film shrinkage under different working conditions based on the VOF model. On this basis, a drag torque calculation model considering the surface tension and shrinkage of oil film is established, in which the drag torque is composed of the torque transmitted by oil film in the oil film continuous zone and the torque transmitted by oil-liquid and gas-liquid in the oil film rupture area, respectively. Comparing the theoretical drag torque with the simulation and experimental results, the variation law of drag torque with the speed difference under different oil film thicknesses and different supply flow is obtained, and the validity of the theoretical model is also verified. Results show that increasing the oil film thickness and decreasing the supply flow will lead to a decrease in drag torque, which provides a useful reference for reducing the drag torque.