bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coral-associated viral communities show high levels of diversity and host auxiliary functions
Authors: Weynberg Karen D. , Laffy Patrick W. , Wood-Charlson Elisha M. , Turaev Dmitrij , Rattei Thomas , Webster Nicole S. , van Oppen Madeleine J.H.
Published: November 2017

Stony corals (Scleractinia) are marine invertebrates that form the foundation and framework upon which tropical reefs are built. The coral animal associates with a diverse microbiome comprised of dinoflagellate algae and other protists, bacteria, archaea, fungi and viruses. Using a metagenomics approach, we analysed the DNA and RNA viral assemblages of seven coral species from the central Great Barrier Reef (GBR), demonstrating that tailed bacteriophages of the Caudovirales dominate across all species examined, and ssDNA viruses, notably the Microviridae, are also prevalent. Most sequences with matches to eukaryotic viruses were assigned to six viral families, including four Nucleocytoplasmic Large DNA Viruses (NCLDVs) families: Iridoviridae, Phycodnaviridae, Mimiviridae, and Poxviridae, as well as Retroviridae and Polydnaviridae. Contrary to previous findings, Herpesvirales were rare in these GBR corals. Sequences of a ssRNA virus with similarities to the dinornavirus, Heterocapsa circularisquama ssRNA virus of the Alvernaviridae that infects free-living dinoflagellates, were observed in three coral species. We also detected viruses previously undescribed from the coral holobiont, including a virus that targets fungi associated with the coral species Acropora tenuis. Functional analysis of the assembled contigs indicated a high prevalence of latency-associated genes in the coral-associated viral assemblages, several host-derived auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) for photosynthesis (psbA, psbD genes encoding the photosystem II D1 and D2 proteins respectively), as well as potential nematocyst toxins and antioxidants (genes encoding green fluorescent-like chromoprotein). This study expands the currently limited knowledge on coral-associated viruses by characterising viral composition and function across seven GBR coral species.
The Differences of c-Met Expression Between AFP-Producing Gastric Cancer and Common Gastric Cancer
Authors: Luo Fen , Zhou Zhongwen , Wang Jun , Wang Zhiming , Guo Fenghua
Published: November 2017

Background

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)–producing gastric cancer is a distinct type of gastric cancer with a high incidence of liver metastasis. c-Met is considered to play an important role in liver metastasis of gastric cancer.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to compare the expression of c-Met in AFP-producing gastric cancer and gastric cancers not producing AFP.

Methods

We evaluated 23 patients with AFP-producing gastric cancer (AFP+) and 18 patients with common gastric cancer (AFP–) were evaluated for c-Met expression using immunohistochemical analysis.

Results

The incidence of c-Met expression in 2 groups was the same (P > 0.05), but the AFP+ group had a higher strong positive rate of c-Met expression than the AFP– group (P < 0.01).

Conclusion

The higher expression of c-Met might be the reason for the high incidence of liver metastasis in AFP-producing gastric cancer.
Internal Waves in the East Australian Current
Authors: Alford Matthew H. , Sloyan Bernadette M. , Simmons Harper L.
Published: November 2017

Internal waves, which drive most ocean turbulence and add “noise” to lower‐frequency records, interact with low‐frequency current systems and topography in yet poorly known ways. Taking advantage of a heavily instrumented, 14 month mooring array, internal waves in the East Australian Current (EAC) are examined for the first time. Internal wave horizontal kinetic energy (HKE) is within a factor of 2 of the Garrett‐Munk (1976) spectrum. Continuum internal waves, near‐inertial waves, and internal tides together constitute a significant percentage of the total velocity variance. Mode‐1 internal tide energy fluxes are southward and much smaller than energy times group velocity, consistent with reflection at the continental slope of incident waves generated from near New Caledonia and the Solomon Islands. Internal tide HKE is highly phase variable, consistent with refraction by the variable EAC. Mode‐1 near‐inertial wave energy fluxes are of comparable magnitude and are equatorward and episodic, consistent with generation by storms farther poleward. These processes are considered together in the complex environment of the EAC.
Magnetic resonance imaging of gas–solid fluidization with liquid bridging
Authors: Boyce C. M. , Penn A. , Pruessmann K. P. , Müller C. R.
Published: November 2017

Magnetic resonance imaging is used to generate snapshots of particle concentration and velocity fields in gas–solid fluidized beds into which small amounts of liquid are injected. Three regimes of bed behavior (stationary, channeling, and bubbling) are mapped based on superficial velocity and liquid loading. Images are analyzed to determine quantitatively the number of bubbles, the bubble diameter, bed height, and the distribution of particle speeds under different wetting conditions. The cohesion and dissipation provided by liquid bridges cause an increase in the minimum fluidization velocity and a decrease in the number of bubbles and fast particles in the bed. Changes in liquid loading alter hydrodynamics to a greater extent than changes in surface tension or viscosity. Keeping U/Umf at a constant value of 1.5 produced fairly similar hydrodynamics across different wetting conditions. The detailed results presented provide an important dataset for assessment of the validity of assumptions in computational models. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 2958–2971, 2018
Parental education accounts for variability in the IQs of probands with Down syndrome: A longitudinal study
Authors: Evans David W. , Uljarević Mirko
Published: November 2017

Recent work has demonstrated that variability in probands’ phenotypes, including physical features, cognitive abilities, social functioning, and other developmental domains, is influenced by parental traits. Here we examine the role of parental education as a factor contributing to the variability of intelligence quotient (IQ) of offspring with trisomy 21. Participants were 43 probands with trisomy 21, aged 4–21 years of age, and their parents. Data were collected on parental education, and a bi‐parental mean education score (BMES) was calculated. Probands' cognitive abilities were assessed by the Stanford‐Binet 4th edition at baseline (T1), and again 24 months later (T2). Probands were placed into one of two age groups: 4–12 years and 13–21 years. Results indicated higher parent‐proband correlations in Age Group 2 (mean r = .47) relative to Age Group 1 (mean r = .33) and increasing parent‐proband correlations across time, with mean correlations of Age Group 1, T1: r = .26, T2: 39; Age Group 2 T1: r = .49, T2: r = 46. Despite the expected IQ deficits observed in trisomy 21 probands, parental education may still contribute to the variability of probands' cognitive abilities. These findings are consistent with the literature noting increasing heritability of IQ with development.
Temple syndrome as a differential diagnosis to Prader–Willi syndrome: Identifying three new patients
Authors: Lande Asgeir , Kroken Mette , Rabben Kai , Retterstøl Lars
Published: November 2017

The two imprinting syndromes Temple syndrome (TS14) and Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) share many features in infancy and childhood. TS14 is an important, yet often neglected, differential diagnosis to PWS. We wanted to assess the frequency of TS14 among patients tested for PWS. In all samples submitted to our lab for genetic PWS testing during 2014 and 2015, we consecutively conducted additional analyses for TS14. A total of 143 samples were included. The most frequent indications for testing were developmental delay, overweight, and hypotonia. For TS14 testing, we performed a methylation‐sensitive MLPA‐kit detecting deletions and methylation aberrations in chromosomal region 14q32. TS14 was confirmed in 3 out of 143 patients (2.1%). In comparison, PWS was also confirmed in three patients. Brief clinical descriptions of the TS14 patients are presented. Temple syndrome is presumably underdiagnosed, and should be considered when testing children for PWS.
Tarsal‐carpal coalition syndrome: Report of a novel missense mutation in NOG gene and phenotypic delineation
Authors: Das Bhowmik Aneek , Salem Ramakumaran Vijayalakshmi , Dalal Ashwin
Published: November 2017

We report a family of Indian origin presenting with Tarsal‐carpal coalition syndrome (TCC), which is a rare genetic disorder of skeletal abnormalities, inherited in autosomal dominant manner. In this family, three individuals (mother and two children) were found to be similarly affected with slight intrafamilial individual variability in the phenotype. Sanger sequencing revealed a novel heterozygous missense mutation in NOG gene (NM_005450.4:c.611G>A) in all the affected individuals of the family. Until now only six mutations have been reported in different families affected with TCC syndrome worldwide. This report further delineates the phenotypic spectrum of this rare disorder with the addition of a new variant to the mutation spectrum.
Mosaic uniparental disomy results in GM1 gangliosidosis with normal enzyme assay
Authors: Myers Kenneth A. , Bennett Mark F. , Chow Chung W. , Carden Susan M. , Mandelstam Simone A. , Bahlo Melanie , Scheffer Ingrid E.
Published: November 2017

Inherited metabolic disorders are traditionally diagnosed using broad and expensive panels of screening tests, often including invasive skin and muscle biopsy. Proponents of next‐generation genetic sequencing have argued that replacing these screening panels with whole exome sequencing (WES) would save money. Here, we present a complex patient in whom WES allowed diagnosis of GM1 gangliosidosis, caused by homozygous GLB1 mutations, resulting in β‐galactosidase deficiency. A 10‐year‐old girl had progressive neurologic deterioration, macular cherry‐red spot, and cornea verticillata. She had marked clinical improvement with initiation of the ketogenic diet. Comparative genomic hybridization microarray showed mosaic chromosome 3 paternal uniparental disomy (UPD). GM1 gangliosidosis was suspected, however β‐galactosidase assay was normal. Trio WES identified a paternally‐inherited pathogenic splice‐site GLB1 mutation (c.75+2dupT). The girl had GM1 gangliosidosis; however, enzymatic testing in blood was normal, presumably compensated for by non‐UPD cells. Severe neurologic dysfunction occurred due to disruptive effects of UPD brain cells.
Summary of the first inaugural joint meeting of the International Consortium for scoliosis genetics and the International Consortium for vertebral anomalies and scoliosis, March 16–18, 2017, Dallas, Texas
Authors: Giampietro Philip F. , Pourquie Olivier , Raggio Cathy , Ikegawa Shiro , Turnpenny Peter D. , Gray Ryan , Dunwoodie Sally L. , Gurnett Christina A. , Alman Benjamin , Cheung Kenneth , Kusumi Kenro , Hadley‐Miller Nancy , Wise Carol A.
Published: November 2017

Scoliosis represents the most common musculoskeletal disorder in children and affects approximately 3% of the world population. Scoliosis is separated into two major phenotypic classifications: congenital and idiopathic. Idiopathic scoliosis is defined as a curvature of the spine of 10° or greater visualized on plane radiograph and does not have associated vertebral malformations (VM). “Congenital” scoliosis (CS) due to malformations in vertebrae is frequently associated with other birth defects. Recently, significant advances have been made in understanding the genetic basis of both conditions. There is evidence that both conditions are etiologically related. A 2‐day conference entitled “Genomic Approaches to Understanding and Treating Scoliosis” was held at Scottish Rite Hospital for Children in Dallas, Texas, to synergize research in this field. This first combined, multidisciplinary conference featured international scoliosis researchers in basic and clinical sciences. A major outcome of the conference advancing scoliosis research was the proposal and subsequent vote in favor of merging the International Consortium for Vertebral Anomalies and Scoliosis (ICVAS) and International Consortium for Scoliosis Genetics (ICSG) into a single entity called International Consortium for Spinal Genetics, Development, and Disease (ICSGDD). The ICSGDD is proposed to meet annually as a forum to synergize multidisciplinary spine deformity research.
Genome‐wide gene‐environment interaction in depression: A systematic evaluation of candidate genes
Authors: Van der Auwera Sandra , Peyrot Wouter J. , Milaneschi Yuri , Hertel Johannes , Baune Bernhard , Breen Gerome , Byrne Enda , Dunn Erin C. , Fisher Helen , Homuth Georg , Levinson Douglas , Lewis Cathryn , Mills Natalie , Mullins Niamh , Nauck Matthias , Pistis Giorgio , Preisig Martin , Rietschel Marcella , Ripke Stephan , Sullivan Patrick , Teumer Alexander , Völzke Henry ,   Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Boomsma Dorret I. , Wray Naomi R. , Penninx Brenda , Grabe Hans
Published: November 2017

Gene by environment (GxE) interaction studies have investigated the influence of a number of candidate genes and variants for major depressive disorder (MDD) on the association between childhood trauma and MDD. Most of these studies are hypothesis driven and investigate only a limited number of SNPs in relevant pathways using differing methodological approaches. Here (1) we identified 27 genes and 268 SNPs previously associated with MDD or with GxE interaction in MDD and (2) analyzed their impact on GxE in MDD using a common approach in 3944 subjects of European ancestry from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium who had completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. (3) We subsequently used the genome‐wide SNP data for a genome‐wide case‐control GxE model and GxE case‐only analyses testing for an enrichment of associated SNPs. No genome‐wide significant hits and no consistency among the signals of the different analytic approaches could be observed. This is the largest study for systematic GxE interaction analysis in MDD in subjects of European ancestry to date. Most of the known candidate genes/variants could not be supported. Thus, their impact on GxE interaction in MDD may be questionable. Our results underscore the need for larger samples, more extensive assessment of environmental exposures, and greater efforts to investigate new methodological approaches in GxE models for MDD.
Recent Developments and Perspectives in the Zinc‐Catalysed Michael Addition
Authors: Rohit K. R. , Ujwaldev S. M. , Krishnan K. Keerthi , Anilkumar Gopinathan
Published: November 2017

Michael addition reactions play a major role in the establishment of carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bonds. Non‐catalytic as well as catalytic methodologies are well known for these reactions. Zinc catalysis in the Michael addition has achieved great importance due to the broad substrate scope, mild reaction conditions, and excellent reactivity and selectivity, along with the availability of a variety of useful chiral ligands. As an inexpensive, abundant and less toxic metal, zinc occupies an important position in green chemistry for organic synthesis. Herein, the significant advances in zinc‐catalysed Michael addition reactions that follow an enolate pathway are discussed, and this Focus Review covers the literature from 2001 to 2017.
Herausforderungen bei der Synthese siliciumbasierter dielektrischer Metamaterialien
Authors: De Marco Maria Letizia , Semlali Sanaa , Korgel Brian A. , Barois Philippe , Drisko Glenna L. , Aymonier Cyril
Published: November 2017

Metamaterialien haben optische Eigenschaften, die in der Natur beispiellos sind. Mit ihrer Fähigkeit, eine einfallende Wellenfront zu beugen, zu fokussieren, vollständig zu reflektieren, durchzulassen oder zu absorbieren, haben sie bei der Lichtmanipulation neue Horizonte eröffnet. Optisch aktive Metamaterialien sind einsetzbar für Anwendungen, die von der 3D‐Informationsspeicherung bis zu photovoltaischen Zellen reichen. Siliciumpartikel gehören zu den vielversprechendsten Synthesebausteinen für optisch aktive Metamaterialien, bislang können sie aber nicht im großen Maßstab hergestellt werden. Besonders wünschenswert sind einheitliche kristalline Si‐Synthesebausteine mit 75–200 nm Durchmesser und wenigen Verunreinigungen und Poren. Hier werden die theoretischen Hintergründe der optischen Eigenschaften von Si für Metamaterialien besprochen, außerdem werden aktuelle Synthesemethoden und die aussichtsreichsten Wege zu Si‐Partikeln für Metamaterialienwerden vorgestellt.
Nickel(0)‐Catalyzed Hydroarylation of Styrenes and 1,3‐Dienes with Organoboron Compounds
Authors: Xiao Li‐Jun , Cheng Lei , Feng Wei‐Min , Li Mao‐Lin , Xie Jian‐Hua , Zhou Qi‐Lin
Published: November 2017

A Ni‐catalyzed hydroarylation of styrenes and 1,3‐dienes with organoboron compounds has been developed. The reaction offers a highly selective approach to diarylalkanes and allylarenes under redox‐neutral conditions. In this hydroarylation reaction, a new strategy that uses the proton of methanol to generate the active catalyst species Ni−H was developed. The Ni‐catalyzed hydroarylation, combined with a Ir‐catalyzed C−H borylation, affords a very efficient and straightforward access to a retinoic acid receptor agonist.
HOXC13 and HSP27 Expression in Skin and the Periodic Growth of Secondary Fiber Follicles from Longdong Cashmere Goats Raised in Different Production Systems
Authors: Wang Jiqing , Yu Ping , Wang Haifang , He Yanyu
Published: November 2017

This experiment was conducted to identify periodic changes in secondary follicles (SFs) over one year of extensive (grazed) and intensive (housed and fed supplement) farming of Longdong cashmere goats. One‐year old goats (n = 24, 12 extensively fed and 12 intensively fed) were studied. The diameter, depth, density, activity, and ultra‐structural features of SFs were assessed using light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. HOXC13 and HSP27 expression were studied using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence method. The anagen stage in the extensively grazed goats was from April to September, but was longer (April to October) in the housed, supplementary fed group. The depth and activity of the SF in anagen and catagen differed (P < 0.05) between the groups. HSP27 and HOXC13 protein were present in both the epidermis and dermis, with HSP27 immunoreactivity highest in the hair shaft (HS), outer root sheath (ORS) and inner root sheath (IRS). HOXC13 expression was prominent in both the eprdermis and ORS. HSP27 and HOXC13 expression were prominent during anagen, and less so during catagen and telogen. In anagen, HSP27 expression in the HS, IRS, and ORS of the extensively fed group was higher than in the intensively fed group (p < 0.05). In contrast, HOXC13 expression in HS, IRS and ORS of the extensively fed group was lower than in the intensively fed group (P < 0.05). This suggests the growth of cashmere is influenced by nutrition and that housed goats could be used in cashmere production. Anat Rec, 301:742–752, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mechanisms of calcium sequestration by isolated Malpighian tubules of the house cricket Acheta domesticus
Authors: Browne Austin , O'Donnell Michael J.
Published: November 2017

Hemolymph calcium homeostasis in insects is achieved by the Malpighian tubules, primarily by sequestering excess Ca2+ within internal calcium stores (Ca‐rich granules) most often located within type I (principal) tubule cells. Using both the scanning ion‐selective electrode technique and the Ramsay secretion assay this study provides the first measurements of basolateral and transepithelial Ca2+ fluxes across the Malpighian tubules of an Orthopteran insect, the house cricket Acheta domesticus. Ca2+ transport was specific to midtubule segments, where 97% of the Ca2+ entering the tubule is sequestered within intracellular calcium stores and the remaining 3% is secreted into the lumen. Antagonists of voltage‐gated (L‐type) calcium channels decreased Ca2+ influx ≥fivefold in adenosine 3′,5′‐cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)‐stimulated tubules, suggesting basolateral Ca2+ influx is facilitated by voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels. Increasing fluid secretion through manipulation of intracellular levels of cAMP or Ca2+ had opposite effects on tubule Ca2+ transport. The adenylyl cyclase‐cAMP‐PKA pathway promotes Ca2+ sequestration whereas both 5‐hydroxytryptamine and thapsigargin inhibited sequestration. Our results suggest that the midtubules of Acheta domesticus are dynamic calcium stores, which maintain hemolymph calcium concentration by manipulating rates of Ca2+ sequestration through stimulatory (cAMP) and inhibitory (Ca2+) regulatory pathways.
The Self‐Reference Effect on Perception: Undiminished in Adults with Autism and No Relation to Autism Traits
Authors: Williams David M. , Nicholson Toby , Grainger Catherine
Published: November 2017

Memory for (and perception of) information about the self is superior to memory for (and perception of) other kinds of information. This self‐reference effect (SRE) in memory appears diminished in ASD and related to the number of ASD traits manifested by neurotypical individuals (fewer traits = larger SRE). Here, we report the first experiments exploring the relation between ASD and the SRE in perception. Using a “Shapes” Task (Sui et al., Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 38, 1105, 2012), participants learned to associate three different shapes (triangle, circle, square) with three different labels representing self, a familiar other, or an unfamiliar other (e.g., “you”, “mother”, “stranger”). Participants then completed trials during which they were presented with one shape and one label for 100 ms, and made judgments about whether the shape and label was a match. In Experiment 1, neurotypical participants (n = 124) showed the expected SRE, detecting self‐related matches more reliably and quickly than matches involving familiar or unfamiliar other. Most important, number of ASD traits was unrelated to the size of the SRE for either accuracy or RT. Bayesian association analyses strongly supported the null hypothesis. In Experiment 2, there were no differences between 22 adults with ASD and 21 matched comparison adults in performance on the Shapes Task. Despite showing large and significant theory of mind impairments, participants with ASD showed the typical SRE and there were no associations with ASD traits in either group. In every case, Bayesian analyses favored the null hypothesis. These findings challenge theories about self‐representation in ASD, as discussed in the article. Autism Res 2018, 11: 331–341. © 2017 The Authors Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay Summary

Neurotypical people tend to find it easier to perceive and remember information that relates to themselves than information that relates to others. Research suggests that people with ASD show a diminished (or absent) self‐bias in memory and that severity of ASD predicts the extent of this diminution (more severe ASD = smaller self‐bias in memory). However, the current research suggests strongly that people with ASD do show a self‐bias in their perception. This research informs our understanding of psychological functioning in ASD and challenges theories regarding self‐awareness in this disorder.
Everyday police work during mental health encounters: A study of call resolutions in Chicago and their implications for diversion
Authors: Watson Amy C. , Wood Jennifer D.
Published: November 2017

In recent decades, there has been sustained focus on police responses to persons experiencing mental health crises. The Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) model has been a seminal effort to improve safety, reduce arrests and enhance the use of emergency psychiatric assessment. With CIT well established, new discussions have emerged around how to further enhance the police–public health interface, including diversion from hospital emergency departments. In this context, this article takes stock of current police practices, utilizing descriptive data on 428 mental health‐related calls addressed by Chicago Police over 3 years triangulated with insights from 21 in‐depth officer interviews. During these calls, hospital transports were conducted more often than arrests. Moreover, informal interventions – without any legal action or hospitalization – were used most often, speaking to the “gray zone” nature of mental health‐related encounters. Taken together, the data reveal the need for non‐crisis diversion options that address chronic vulnerabilities.
Personal values and characteristics of remittance channels: Insights from a means‐end‐chain study
Authors: Bolzani Daniela
Published: November 2017

Studies investigating immigrants' remittance behaviours have mainly focused on the determinants and motivations to remit and more recently on the determinants of remittance channel choices. Although these two streams of literature have evolved separately, there is a need for a greater understanding about the linkages between remittance motivations and the preferences towards different characteristics of remittance channels. This paper tackles this issue by presenting an exploratory investigation of the linkages between attributes of remittance channels and personal values behind remittance behaviours. Building on means‐end chain theory and applying a laddering technique, this paper highlights how personal values of achievement, power, security, and benevolence are reflected in immigrants' preference for different attributes of remittance channels. Implications for research, policymaking, and business practice with regard to the management and promotion of financial remittances are suggested.
The Relationship Between Endogenous β‐Glucuronidase Activity and Biologically Active Flavones‐Aglycone Contents in Hairy Roots of Baikal Skullcap
Authors: Dikaya Varvara S. , Solovyeva Aleksandra I. , Sidorov Roman A. , Solovyev Pavel A. , Stepanova Anna Yu.
Published: November 2017

Here, we examine the relationship between contents of principal flavones in hairy roots of Scutellaria baicalensis with the activity of the β‐glucuronidase (sGUS) enzyme during a culturing cycle. Using RP‐HPLC, we show that the highest contents of aglycones, baicalin and wogonin is observed at the growth days 8, 14, and 71 and reach 45, 41, and 62% (based on the total weight of hairy roots of the Baikal skullcap), correspondingly. Their accumulation is accompanied by increase of the sGUS activity, which we determined fluorometrically. Moreover, the enzyme activity is characterized by significant and reasonable correlation only with the wogonin contents. Our results confirm a significant role of sGUS at the final steps of the metabolism in root‐specific flavones of Baikal skullcap and suggest how one can optimize the conditions of culturing the hairy roots for biotechnological production of individual flavonoids. For example, at the culturing day 71 wogonin constituted over 80% of all flavones extracted from cells.
Stabilizing a Vanadium Oxide Catalyst by Supporting on a Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Cui Yuexing , Rimoldi Martino , Platero‐Prats Ana E. , Chapman Karena W. , Hupp Joseph T. , Farha Omar K.
Published: November 2017

NU‐1000 is a robust and highly porous Zr‐based metal–organic framework (Zr‐MOFs) that has been proven to be an excellent catalyst support because of its well‐defined crystal structure, protonic grafting sites on its nodes, and thermal stability, all of which advantageously offer the possibility to study the nature of the catalytic reactive sites. Herein, we present a vanadium‐oxide catalyst supported on NU‐1000 synthesized by solvothermal deposition in MOFs (SIM), namely, V‐NU‐1000. The catalytic activity of V‐NU‐1000 was investigated by studying the oxidation of 4‐methoxybenzyl alcohol under an O2 atmosphere; this catalyst showed higher conversion and higher selectivity than vanadium‐oxide supported on high‐surface‐area zirconia (V‐ZrO2). The stability of V‐NU‐1000 was confirmed by recyclability and leaching tests, in which recycled V‐NU‐1000 had catalytic ability comparable to that of the fresh catalyst, and no loss in the metal loading was found in recollected V‐NU‐1000.
1,5‐Disubstituted 1,2,3‐Triazole‐Containing Peptidotriazolamers: Design Principles for a Class of Versatile Peptidomimetics
Authors: Kracker Oliver , Góra Jerzy , Krzciuk‐Gula Joanna , Marion Antoine , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Nieß Anke , Antes Iris , Latajka Rafał , Sewald Norbert
Published: November 2017

Peptidotriazolamers are hybrid foldamers combining features of peptides and triazolamers—repetitive peptidomimetic structures with triazoles replacing peptide bonds. We report on the synthesis of a new class of peptidomimetics, containing 1,5‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazoles in an alternating fashion with amide bonds and the analysis of their conformation in solid state and solution. Homo‐ or heterochiral peptidotriazolamers were obtained from enantiomerically pure propargylamines with stereogenic centers in the propargylic position and α‐azido esters by ruthenium‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (RuAAC) under microwave conditions in high yields. With such building blocks the peptidotriazolamers are readily available by solution phase synthesis. While the conformation of the homochiral peptidotriazolamer Boc‐Ala[5Tz]Phe‐Val[5Tz]Ala‐Leu[5Tz]Val‐OBzl resembles that of a β VIa1 turn, the heterochiral peptidotriazolamer Boc‐d‐Ala[5Tz]Phe‐d‐Val[5Tz]Ala‐d‐Leu[5Tz]Val‐OBzl adopts a polyproline‐like repetitive structure.
Lanthanide Inorganic Solids Based on Main Group Borates and Oxyanions of Lone Pair Cations
Authors: Kong Fang , Ma Yunxiang , Mao Jianggao
Published: November 2017

Lanthanide borates containing post transition metal main group elements, including Ga(III), Ge(IV), Sb(V) and Te(VI), as well as lanthanide salts of the oxyanions of lone pair cations, such as I(V), Se(IV) and Te(IV), were reviewed. The post transition metal main group elements in lanthanide borates adopt octahedral or tetrahedral geometry only. In the structure of lanthanide galloborates, only octahedral GaO6 was found while both octahedral GeO6 and tetrahedral GeO4 appeared in borogermanates. The fifth period elements Sb(V) and Te(VI) prefer octahedral coordination geometry in lanthanide borates system. The second groups introduced to lanthanide oxyanions of lone pairs are mainly focused on d0 TM units, such as WO4 tetrahedron, VO5 square pyramid or MoO6 octahedron, and rigid tetrahedral groups like sulfate SO4, silica SiO4 or selenate SeO4 units. Divalent cations like Pb(II) and magnetic ions of Cu(II) or Mn(II) were also included. The structure chemistry of lanthanide ions in these systems is rich. Coordination numbers from six to ten are discovered, yielding a wide range of coordination geometries including the pentagonal bipyramid, square antiprism, metabidiminished icosahedron, tricapped trigonal prism, capped triangular cupola, etc. The connectivity modes between the Ln polyhedra are miscellaneous, from 3D network, to 2D layer, 1D chain, tetramer, trimer, dimer and finally monomer. A number of compounds display NCS structures and strong SHG response, and many lanthanide compounds exhibit good luminescent properties in visible and IR region.
Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells Based on Zn2Ti3O8 Nanoparticles as Electron Transport Material
Authors: Pang Aiying , Shen Deli , Wei Mingdeng , Chen Zhong‐Ning
Published: November 2017

Developing ternary metal oxides as electron transport layers (ETLs) for perovskite solar cells is a great challenge in the field of third‐generation photovoltaics. In this study, a highly mesoporous Zn2Ti3O8 (m‐ZTO) scaffold is synthesized by ion‐exchange method and used as ETL for the fabrication of methyl ammonium lead halide (CH3NH3PbI3) perovskite solar cells. The optimized devices exhibit 17.21 % power conversion efficiency (PCE) with an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.02 V, short‐circuit current density (Jsc) of 21.97 mA cm−2 and fill factor (FF) of 0.77 under AM 1.5G sunlight (100 mW cm−2). The PCE is significantly higher than that based on mesoporous ST01 (m‐ST01; 10 nm TiO2 powder) layer (η=14.93 %), which is ascribed to the deeper conductive band of ZTO nanoparticles, better light absorption and smaller charge recombination. The devices stored for 100 days at ambient temperature with humidity of 10 % showed excellent stability with only 12 % reduction of the PCE. The charge transmission kinetic and long‐term stability parameters of the ZTO‐based perovskite film growth are discussed as well.
Bioderived Muconates by Cross‐Metathesis and Their Conversion into Terephthalates
Authors: Saraçi Erisa , Wang Lan , Theopold Klaus H. , Lobo Raul F.
Published: November 2017

Polyethylene terephthalate that is 100 % bioderived is in high demand in the market guided by the ever‐more exigent sustainability regulations with the challenge of producing renewable terephthalic acid remaining. Renewable terephthalic acid or its precursors can be obtained by Diels–Alder cycloaddition and further dehydrogenation of biomass‐derived muconic acid. The cis,cis isomer of the dicarboxylic acid is typically synthesized by fermentation with genetically modified microorganisms, a process that requires complex separations to obtain a high yield of the pure product. Furthermore, the cis isomer has to be transformed into the trans,trans form and has to be esterified before it is suitable for terephthalate synthesis. To overcome these challenges, we investigated the synthesis of dialkyl muconates by cross‐metathesis. The Ru‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of sorbates with acrylates, which can be bioderived, proceeded selectively to yield diester muconates in up to 41 % yield by using very low catalyst amounts (0.5–3.0 mol %) and no solvent. In the optimized procedure, the muconate precipitated as a solid and was easily recovered from the reaction medium. Analysis by GC–MS and NMR spectroscopy showed that this method delivered exclusively the trans,trans isomer of dimethyl muconate. The Diels–Alder reaction of dimethyl muconate with ethylene was studied in various solvents to obtain 1,4‐bis(carbomethoxy)cyclohexene. The cycloaddition proceeded with very high conversions (77–100 %) and yields (70–98 %) in all of the solvents investigated, and methanol and tetrahydrofuran were the best choices. Next, the aromatization of 1,4‐bis(carbomethoxy)cyclohexene to dimethyl terephthalate over a Pd/C catalyst resulted in up to 70 % yield in tetrahydrofuran under an air atmosphere. Owing to the high yield of the reaction of dimethyl muconate to 1,4‐bis(carbomethoxy)cyclohexene, no separation step was needed before the aromatization. This is the first time that cross‐metathesis is used to produce bioderived trans,trans‐muconates as precursors to renewable terephthalates, important building blocks in the polymer industry.
Continuous‐Flow Synthesis of Supported Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Efficient Isoeugenol Conversion into Vanillin
Authors: Marquez‐Medina M. Dolores , Prinsen Pepijn , Li Hangkong , Shih Kaimin , Romero Antonio A. , Luque Rafael
Published: November 2017

This work presents the synthesis of iron oxide nanocatalysts supported on mesoporous Al‐SBA‐15 by using a continuous‐flow setup. The magnetic nanomaterials were tested as catalysts in the oxidative disruption of isoeugenol by using hydrogen peroxide as a green oxidant, featuring high activities (63–88 % conversion) and good selectivities to vanillin (44–68 %). The catalytic systems exhibited good magnetic properties when synthesized under continuous‐flow conditions at temperatures not exceeding 190 °C. The use of microwave irradiation significantly reduced times of reaction drastically but exerted negative effects on catalyst reusability.
Panel proposal for the immunophenotypic diagnosis of hematological malignancies. A collaborative consensus from the groupe d'Etude Immunologique des Leucémies (GEIL)
Authors:   Collective Publication
Published: November 2017

After a cycle of meetings and discussions, members of the French Groupe d'Etude Immunologique des Leucémies obtained consensus on a series of immunophenotyping panels for hematological malignancies. The rationale of the markers chosen is depicted for each of them. This proposal comes for instruments with 8 or 10 colors. Care was taken to minimize the fluorochromes attached to any given specificity and to leave, whenever possible, some free slots for the cytometrist's choice.
Development and validation of an ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography‐high resolution tandem mass spectrometry quantification method for hypoglycin A and methylene cyclopropyl acetic acid carnitine in horse serum in cases of atypical myopathy
Authors: Rudolph Wiebke , Remane Daniela , Wissenbach Dirk K. , Klein Carmen , Barnewitz Dirk , Peters Frank T.
Published: November 2017

Atypical myopathy (AM) is a fatal disease in horses presumably caused by hypoglycine A (HGA) from ingested maple seeds and its active metabolite methylene cyclopropyl acetic acid (MCPA). The aim of this study was the development and validation of a rapid and simple assay for HGA and MCPA‐carnitine in horse serum and its application to authentic samples. Identification and quantification were carried out by ultra high performance liquid chromatography–high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–HRMS/MS) with full‐scan/data‐dependent MS/MS. Chromatographic separation was performed by isocratic elution on a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) column (100 x 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm). Serum samples (250 μL) were worked up by protein precipitation. The method was validated according to international guidelines with respect to selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, matrix effects, and recovery. The calibration range was from 100 to 2000 ng/mL for HGA and from 10 to 1000 ng/mL for MCPA‐carnitine. HGA and MCPA‐carnitine showed acceptable accuracy and precision (bias ‐3.0% to 1.1%; RSD 9.2% to 12.4%). The limit of quantification (LOQ) was defined as the lowest calibrator and well below the lowest published serum concentrations in affected horses. Matrix effects ranged from ‐79% to +20% (RSD 4.2% to 14.4%), recoveries from 17.9% to 21.1% (RSD 2.3% to 10.8 %) for low and high quality control samples, respectively. Applicability was tested in 10 authentic AM cases. In all specimens, relevant amounts of HGA and MCPA‐carnitine were found (570–2000 ng/mL; ~8.5–150 ng/mL, respectively). The developed assay allows reliable identification and quantification of HGA and MCPA‐carnitine in horse serum and will be helpful to further study the association between HGA/MCPA and AM.
Evaluation of markers out of the steroid profile for the screening of testosterone misuse. Part I: Transdermal administration
Authors: Kotronoulas Aristotelis , Gomez‐Gómez Àlex , Fabregat Andreu , Segura Jordi , Yang Sheng , Xing Yanyi , Moutian Wu , Marcos Josep , Joglar Jesús , Ventura Rosa , Pozo Oscar J.
Published: November 2017

Although the introduction by the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) of the steroid module of the athlete biological passport (ABP) marked an important step forward in the screening of testosterone (T) misuse, it still remains one of the most difficult challenges in doping control analysis. The urinary determination of alternative markers has been recently reported as a promising tool for improving the screening of T oral administration. However, their evaluation for other, commonly used, administration routes is still required. The main goal of this study is the evaluation of the potential of 2 groups of metabolites (cysteinyl conjugated and glucuronoconjugated) after transdermal and intramuscular administration of T. Their suitability was evaluated in individuals with both low basal (L‐T/E) and medium basal (M‐T/E) values of T/E. In this Part I, we evaluated the urinary excretion profile of these 2 groups of T metabolites after the administration of 3 doses of T gel to 12 volunteers (6 L‐T/E and 6 M‐T/E) for 3 consecutive days. For this purpose, 9 different concentration ratios (5 cysteinyl conjugated and 4 glucuronoconjugated markers) were studied. Both, the intra‐individual variability and the detection windows (DW) obtained by each ratio were evaluated. Cysteinyl conjugates showed a general low intra‐individual variability and DWs that were shorter than any other tested marker. Despite the relatively large intra‐individual variability, the DWs reached by glucuronoconjugates (2–3 days) were similar to those obtained by markers currently included in the ABP. Overall; this evaluation advises for the introduction of additional glucuronoconjugated markers in the screening of transdermal T administration.
High level of sperm competition may increase transfer of accessory gland products carried by the love dart of land snails
Authors: Lodi Monica , Staikou Alexandra , Janssen Ruben , Koene Joris M.
Published: November 2017

Postcopulatory adaptations that increase reproductive success compared to rivals, like the transfer of accessory gland products that promote paternity, are common when sperm competition occurs among males. In land snails, the dart shooting behavior and its adaptive significance, in promoting individual fitness through enhanced paternity of the successful dart shooter, have been considered such an adaptation. The fitness result gained is mediated by the transfer of mucus components on the love dart capable of altering the physiology of the receiver's reproductive tract. In this context, dart shooting and mucus transfer could be considered as processes targeted by sexual selection. While the effect of dart mucus is beneficial for the dart user, so far it has remained unknown whether its transport is greater when snails experience a higher level of sperm competition. Here, we report results of a study on inter‐ and intraspecific variations of dart and mucus gland morphometry, considered to be traits reflecting the ability of snails to adjust the production and transfer of mucus under varying sperm competition scenarios. We investigated four populations with different densities from four dart‐bearing species, Arianta arbustorum, Cepaea nemoralis, Cornu aspersum, and Helix lucorum. The results indicate that different adaptations of these traits occur among the studied species that all seem to achieve the same goal of transferring more mucus when sperm competition is higher. For example, the presence of longer and more branched mucous glands or an increase in dart surface most likely reflect increased mucus production and enhanced ability of mucus transport, respectively. Interestingly, the species for which the use of the dart is reported to be facultative, A. arbustorum, did not show any variation among the examined traits. To conclude, sexual selection in the form of sperm competition intensity seems to be an important selective force for these simultaneously hermaphroditic dart‐bearing snails, driving differences in sexual traits.
Variation in range size and dispersal capabilities of microbial taxa
Authors: Choudoir Mallory J. , Barberán Albert , Menninger Holly L. , Dunn Rob R. , Fierer Noah
Published: November 2017

Geographic range size can span orders of magnitude for plant and animal species, with the study of why range sizes vary having preoccupied biogeographers for decades. In contrast, there have been few comparable studies of how range size varies across microbial taxa and what traits may be associated with this variation. We determined the range sizes of 74,134 bacterial and archaeal taxa found in settled dust collected from 1,065 locations across the United States. We found that most microorganisms have small ranges and few have large ranges, a pattern similar to the range size distributions commonly observed for macrobes. However, contrary to expectations, those microbial taxa that were locally abundant did not necessarily have larger range sizes. The observed differences in microbial range sizes were generally predictable from taxonomic identity, phenotypic traits, genomic attributes, and habitat preferences, findings that provide insight into the factors shaping patterns of microbial biogeography.
Relationship between heart failure, concurrent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and beta‐blocker use: a Danish nationwide cohort study
Authors: Sessa Maurizio , Mascolo Annamaria , Mortensen Rikke Nørmark , Andersen Mikkel Porsborg , Rosano Giuseppe Massimo Claudio , Capuano Annalisa , Rossi Francesco , Gislason Gunnar , Enghusen‐Poulsen Henrik , Torp‐Pedersen Christian
Published: November 2017

Aims

To compare the hazard of all‐cause, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and heart failure (HF) hospitalization in carvedilol vs. metoprolol/bisoprolol/nebivolol users with COPD and concurrent HF from 2009 to 2012, and to evaluate the use and persistence in treatment of these β‐blockers, their impact on the risk of COPD‐related hospitalization, and the factors important for their selection.

Methods and results

Cox and logistic regression were used for both unadjusted and adjusted analyses. Carvedilol users had a higher hazard of being hospitalized for HF compared with metoprolol/bisoprolol/nebivolol users in both the unadjusted [hazard ratio (HR) 1.74; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.65–1.83] and adjusted (HR 1.61; 95% CI 1.52–1.70) analyses. No significant differences were found for all‐cause and COPD hospitalization between the two groups. Carvedilol users had a significant lower restricted mean persistence time than metoprolol/bisoprolol/nebivolol users. Patients exposed to carvedilol had an odds ratio (OR) of 1.38 (95% CI 1.23–1.56) for being hospitalized due to COPD within 60 days after redeeming the first carvedilol prescription, which was similar to that observed in metoprolol/bisoprolol/nebivolol users (OR 1.37; 95% CI 1.27–1.48). Patients with concurrent chronic kidney disease had a higher probability of receiving carvedilol (OR 1.16; 95% CI 1.04–1.29).

Conclusion

Carvedilol prescription carried an increased hazard of HF hospitalization and lower restricted mean persistence time among patients with COPD and concurrent HF. Additionally, we found a widespread phenomenon of carvedilol prescription at variance with the European Society of Cardiology guidelines and potential for improving the proportion of patients treated with β‐blockers.
Systolic blood pressure and cardiovascular outcomes in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: an analysis of the TOPCAT trial
Authors: Selvaraj Senthil , Claggett Brian , Shah Sanjiv J. , Anand Inder , Rouleau Jean L. , Desai Akshay S. , Lewis Eldrin F. , Pitt Bertram , Sweitzer Nancy K. , Pfeffer Marc A. , Solomon Scott D.
Published: November 2017

Aims

Recent guidelines have advocated for stricter systolic blood pressure (SBP) control in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), though data regarding the optimal SBP in HFpEF are sparse.

Methods and results

We analysed participants from the Americas from the Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure with an Aldosterone Antagonist (TOPCAT) study with available baseline and 8‐week visit SBP data (n = 1645). We related baseline SBP to several efficacy and safety outcomes. To determine whether blood pressure lowering was responsible for the potential beneficial effects of spironolactone observed in the Americas, we assessed the randomized treatment adjusting for baseline and change in 8‐week SBP. The average age was 71.7 ± 9.7 years, 50% were women, and 79% were White. Patients in the lowest baseline SBP quartile were less often female, more often White, had lower body mass index, lower baseline diastolic blood pressure and pulse pressure, and more often had atrial fibrillation. After multivariable adjustment, there was no relationship observed between baseline SBP quartiles and any outcome. Spironolactone reduced SBP by 4.4 ± 0.6 mmHg compared with placebo (and consistently across baseline SBP quartiles). There was minimal change in the treatment effect for all outcomes after adjusting for baseline SBP and 8‐week change in SBP.

Conclusion

No relationship was observed between baseline SBP quartiles and outcomes in TOPCAT. The anti‐hypertensive effects of spironolactone did not account for the potential benefit in cardiovascular outcomes in the Americas.