bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vulnerability of Arctic Ocean microbial eukaryotes to sea ice loss
Authors: Jackson Victoria L N , Grevesse Thomas , Kilias Estelle S , Onda Deo FL , Young Kirsten F , Allen Michael J , Walsh David A , Lovejoy Connie , Monier Adam
Published: August 2024

The Arctic Ocean (AO) is changing at an unprecedented rate, with ongoing sea ice loss, warming and freshening impacting the extent and duration of primary productivity over summer months. Surface microbial eukaryotes are vulnerable to such changes, but basic knowledge of the spatial variability of surface communities is not well understood. Here, we sampled microbial eukaryotes in surface waters of the Beaufort Sea from four contrasting environments: the Canada Basin (open ocean), the Mackenzie Trough (river-influenced), the Nuvuk region (coastal) and the under-ice system of the Canada Basin. Microbial community structure and composition varied significantly among the systems, with the most phylogenetically diverse communities being found in the more coastal systems. Further analysis of environmental factors showed potential vulnerability to change in the most specialised community, which was found in the samples taken in water immediately beneath the sea ice, and where the community was distinguished by rare species. In the context of ongoing sea ice loss, specialised ice-associated microbial assemblages may transition towards more generalist assemblages, with implications for the eventual loss of biodiversity and associated ecosystem function in the Arctic Ocean.
Populations of triple negative and hormone receptor positive HER2 negative breast tumors share immune gene profiles
Authors: Stanton Sasha , Schmitz Frank , Copeland Wilbert , DellAringa Justine , Newhall Kathryn , Disis Mary
Published: August 2024

In breast cancer, triple negative (TN) breast cancer has most responses to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. Lymphocyte infiltrate does not impact prognosis in Hormone receptor positive HER2 negative (HR + HER2-) breast tumors and few HR + HER2- tumors respond to ICI. We contrasted immune-associated gene expression between 119 TN and 475 HR + HER2- breast tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and confirmed our findings in 299 TN and 1369 HR + HER2- breast tumors in the METABRIC database. TN and HR + HER2- tumors grouped into immune-high or -low tumors, both subtypes were represented in the immune-high group. The largest difference between the immune-high TN and HR + HER2- tumors was TN tumors had more abundant Th1 and Th2 CD4+ T cells while HR + HER2- tumors had more abundant fibroblasts (log2FC > 0.3; p < 10X10− 10). This suggests an immune-high signature is not dictated by breast cancer subtype, but fibroblast subsets associated with worse outcome were higher in the immune-high HR + HER2- tumors.
Risk assessment and source apportionment for PAHs in wetland sediment and biomonitoring by Alternanthera ficoidea (L.) plant
Authors: Dhara Aparna , Dutta Ratna
Published: August 2024

The study focuses on monitoring of PAHs pollution in East Kolkata Wetland, a Ramsar site in India using biomonitoring potential of Alternanthera ficoidea (L.) plant. Root, shoot, leaves and rhizobium of the plant are checked with respect to PAHs accumulation and translocation. Measurement of total concentration of 16 priority PAHs in that wetland sediment (85.37±3.37 µg/g) along with Benzo[a]pyrene equivalent toxicity (21.252±0.96 µg/g) indicates high carcinogenic risk based on Canadian soil quality guidelines. The APTI value of Alternanthera ficoidea (22.25±0.12>17) recognizes it as tolerant species. SEM analysis of leaf sample shows stomatal blockage by particulate matter which implies PAHs storage in it. Different parts of the plant viz root, shoot, leaves and rhizobium show different uptake and distribution pattern of PAHs (∑ PAHsleaf : 420.23±0.60 µg/g, ∑ PAHsstem : 230.83±4.87 µg/g, ∑ PAHsroot 68.45±3.17µg/g and ∑ PAHsrhizobium (68.66±4.35 µg/g). Significance of the results is arbitrated based on one-way ANOVA (p (2.7×10-5<0.5)) and F (7.77) >Fcrit (2.49)). Determination of lipid content of leaf, root and stem reconfirms it as good bioaccumulator of PAHs. The study also highlights the LMW and HMW accumulation pattern in different parts of plants and translocation of PAHs from root is also described in connection. Source apportionment analysis based on some diagnostic ratios suggests that pyrogenic activities (more specifically vehicular emissions) are the potential contributor of PAHs sources in that wetland. Bioconcentration and translocation factors supports distributional pattern of PAHs in different parts of plants and moreover revealed that both air-to-leaf and sediment-to-root transfer pathways are contributor for bioaccumulation.
Prevalence and factors associated with renal involvement in subjects with prediabetes across Europe.The ePREDICE trial
Authors: Mas-Fontao Sebastian , Civantos Esther , Boukichou Nisa , Moreno Juan A , Tuomilehto Jaakko , Gabriel Rafael , Egido Jesús
Published: August 2024

This sub-analysis of the ePREDICE trial, investigated the prevalence and determinants of renal complications, specifically glomerular hyperfiltration, albuminuria, and reduced kidney function, in individuals with prediabetes (PD). The cohort consisted of 967 participants from diverse backgrounds across seven countries. The kidney function was evaluated using the MDRD-4 equation, and the influence of various clinical and demographic factors on renal involvement was assessed by multivariable regression models. Additionally, insulinogenic and disposition indices were examined. Overall, the prevalence of renal abnormalities in this PD cohort was 9.2% (n = 89). Key findings included the detection of hyperfiltration in 20 (2%) individuals, albuminuria in 45 (4.7%), and CKD stage G3a in 29 (3%). Hyperfiltration was inversely correlated with age and height, while albuminuria showed a significant direct association with the disposition index (DI). Age and waist circumference were significantly and directly associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The ePREDICE study highlights critical factors that affect renal involvement in PD individuals, revealing complex interactions among various parameters. These findings further emphasize the necessity for the search of early kidney abnormalities in people with PD especially in those in older age groups and with a large waist circumference.
Coral larvae on demand: a novel method for an instant acquisition of healthy brooded larvae
Authors: Nietzer Samuel , Moeller Mareen , Fiegel Laura , Schupp Peter
Published: August 2024

Access to coral larvae is crucial for research on early life stages of corals, yet traditional methods for obtaining brooded larvae are labor-intensive and time-consuming. We present a novel method to efficiently collect viable brooded larvae within minutes from colonies of five different scleractinian coral species (Leptastrea purpurea, Leptastrea transversa, Tubastraea faulkneri, Pocillopora acuta, Favia fragum). By immersing the colonies in seawater containing 5–10 g/L potassium chloride for 5–7 minutes, we induced instant larval release. This method yielded a similar quantity of larvae compared to traditional methods. The larvae remained viable, surviving storage for several weeks and settling successfully. Our method is both faster and easier than traditional methods, suitable for application with aquarium-cultured corals or in field stations. The potassium chloride technique was effective for all tested coral species that tolerate elevated potassium ion concentrations without harm. However, it should not be applied to potassium-sensitive corals like Euphyllia. Coral reproduction, larval release, planulation, brooder, spawning, settlement cues
Predicting Particulate Matter (PM10) Levels in Morocco: A 5-Day Forecast Using the Analog Ensemble Method.
Authors: Houdou Anass , Khomsi Kenza , Monache Luca Delle , Hu Weiming , Boutayeb Saber , Belyamani Lahcen , Abdulla Fayez , Al-Delaimy Wael K. , Khalis Mohamed
Published: August 2024

Accurate prediction of Particulate Matter (\({PM}_{10}\)) levels, an indicator of natural pollutants such as those resulting from dust storms, is crucial for public health and environmental planning. This study aims to provide accurate forecasts of \({PM}_{10}\) over Morocco for five days. The Analog Ensemble (AnEn) and the Bias Correction (AnEnBc) techniques were employed to post-process \({PM}_{10}\) forecasts produced by the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) global atmospheric composition forecasts, using CAMS reanalysis data as a reference. The results show substantial prediction improvements: the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) decreased from 63.83 \(\mu g/{m}^{3}\) in the original forecasts to 44.73 \(\mu g/{m}^{3}\) with AnEn and AnEnBc, while the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) reduced from 36.70 \(\mu g/{m}^{3}\) to 24.30 \(\mu g/{m}^{3}\). Additionally, the coefficient of determination (\({R}^{2}\)) increased more than twofold from 29.11–65.18%, and the Pearson correlation coefficient increased from 0.61 to 0.82. This is the first use of this approach for Morocco and the Middle East and North Africa and has the potential for translation into early and more accurate warnings of \({PM}_{10}\) pollution events. The application of such approaches in environmental policies and public health decision making can minimize air pollution health impacts.
Preparation of Drilling Fluids From Tagan Superhydrophobic Clay: Superhydrophobic Clay Testing
Authors: Ibraimova Dana , Rozhkova Olga , Musabekov Kuanyshbek , Kulichikhin Valeriy , Khamitova Tolkyn , Rozhkov Vitaly , Maryinsky Svetlana
Published: August 2024

This paper reports a process for obtaining superhydrophobic clays from Tagan bentonite to produce anhydrous drilling fluids from superhydrophobic organo-clays. Various cationic surfactants were used as superhydrophobisers. An organophilic (superhydrophobic) clay with a contact angle of 170° was obtained in the presence of tetrakis(decyl)ammonium bromide (TKAB). Placing a water drop on the surface of the resulting superhydrophobic clay powders and measuring the contact angle of the water drop on the powder are challenging because the water drop runs off quickly, similar to a mercury drop. The distribution and stability of organophilic clay particles in diesel fuel fluid obtained by TKAB were determined optically. The organophilic clay particles based on TKAB formed a stable suspension in diesel fuel and did not mix with the water phase. In the water phase, the TKAB-based organophilic clay could remain on the surface of the water phase for more than 365 days. Thermo-gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry were performed on Tagan clay and organo-clay obtained by TKAB because drilling melts can be subjected to high underground temperatures. A methodology for obtaining drilling fluid was proposed based on these data. The resulting drilling fluid belongs to the type of drilling fluids based on organo-clay in the presence of anhydrous petroleum products with thixotropic properties. This drilling fluid was prepared according to the characteristics of Kumkol oil. The formulation of the resulting anhydrous drilling fluids and their technical characteristics are presented.
Mechanical robust biaxial MEMS mirror achieving > 100° optical scanning angle for LiDAR application
Authors: Zhang Yonggui , Huang Hao , Wang Lihao , Su Yongquan , Wang Yang , Liu Yichen , Wu Zhenyu
Published: August 2024

MEMS micromirrors typically require the use of elongated torsion beams to achieve optical scanning angles in excess of 90°, but elongated torsion beam structures usually lead to problems such as larger chip areas and lower reliability. This paper designs a biaxial Lissajous scanning piezoelectric AlScN-driven MEMS micromirror driven by circular arc actuators, featuring large mirror with a diameter of 5 mm. To achieve large-angle scanning, optimizations are made in the following four aspects: 1) stress dispersion structures are adopted in the structural design; 2) an improved non-Bosch process is utilized in the manufacturing process to achieve smooth sidewall morphology; 3) vacuum packaging is employed in the packaging aspect to reduce the impact of air damping; 4) a driving method of gradually reaching the resonance peak through upward frequency sweeping is used in the control aspect, fully exploit the spring hardening effect to achieve large-angle scanning. After optimization, the mirror achieves optical scanning angles of 102.8° and 104.8° on its two axes. Furthermore, the micromirror has passed 900g shock tests and 20g vibration tests, demonstrating its good shock and vibration resistance while achieving large scanning angles.
Financial Toxicity-Related Factors in Patients With Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Authors: Luo Qin , Chen Xiuwen , Liu li , peng Jing , Tang Fan
Published: August 2024

Purpose
This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the incidence and related factors of financial toxicity among nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) patients, and propose strategies for improvement.
Methods
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients were recruited from December 2022 to June 2023 in Changsha, Hunan Province, China, using convenience sampling. A questionnaire survey focusing on financial toxicity among nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients was conducted. The assessment tools used in this study include Comprehensive Scores for Financial Toxicity Based on the Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (COST-PROM), Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire (MCMQ) and Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS).
Results
A total of 155 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients were included in the study. The incidence of financial toxicity among participants was found to be 65.8%, with an average COST scores of 22.45 ± 7.91. A significant negative correlation was showed between MCMQ scores and financial toxicity in patients (r= -0.235, p = 0.003), while a significant positive correlation was showed between the PSSS scores and financial toxicity (r = 0274, p = 0.001). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that personal monthly income, MCMQ scores and PSSS scores were related to the financial toxicity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients.
Conclusion
This study revealed a high prevalence of financial toxicity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. Medical staffs need to identify the financial toxicity early and adopt appropriate strategies to help nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients return to work and guide them to choose positive medical coping modes and access greater social support.
Suitability of soybean, cowpea and quinoa for conditions of climate change in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta dry season
Authors: Kaveney Brooke , Khoi Chau Minh , Minh Dang Duy , Phuong Nguyen Thi Kim , Giang Cao Dinh An , Barrett-Lennard Edward , Tran Khanh Duy , Condon Jason
Published: August 2024

Background Saline intrusion and freshwater scarcity is occurring across regions of the Mekong River Delta Vietnam which is driving the need to identify suitable alternative crops that are fast maturing, water efficient and/or saline tolerant.Methods A glasshouse trial examined the suitability of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Kruso white), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata Red Caloona) or soybean (Glycine max Richmond) for growth in regions affected by salinity and drought. Plants were irrigated with either fresh or saline (up to 4 g L− 1) water. Chameleon soil moisture sensors were used to trigger irrigation events, either constantly (water potential 0 to -22 kPa) or intermittently (irrigating when the water potential was <‒50 kPa).Results Saline treatments significantly affected the yield of all three species; however, quinoa grew in saline conditions for the longest duration. Cowpea was negatively affected by intermittent irrigation causing decreased yield higher proline concentrations in younger leaves. Quinoa had the lowest daily water use whilst soybean had the highest daily water consumption. Cowpea and quinoa tolerated irrigation with 4 g L− 1 during reproductive phases, whilst soybean experienced leaf chlorosis and premature senescence with saline irrigation.Conclusion Quinoa may be suitable for growth in saline and water limited affected areas of the MRD, soybean suitable for areas where saline intrusion or freshwater scarcity is not a problem, and cowpea suitable for saline affected areas provided irrigation supply is available to match plant demand. Chameleon sensors can improve water use and be used to aid farmers in developing irrigation schedules.
Assessing the Impact of Agriculture Value Chains on Food and Water Environments in Meerut District, India
Authors: Shahnum Sajida , Shah Mohd Sajid , Altuwaijri Hamad Ahmed
Published: August 2024

Water and food are interconnected elements crucial for agricultural production and food security. While sufficient water resources have facilitated significant food production, intensive agricultural practices have contributed to the degradation of water resources. Agriculture value chains play a pivotal role in shaping food systems and can lead to virtual water movement through the production and trade of water-intensive crops. These chains affect both water and food environments, with water being a driver and food determining factors like availability and accessibility. Despite the economic benefits, agriculture value chains pose non-economic challenges, including environmental and social impacts. The focus on profitability often overlooks sustainability and equity concerns, leading to mono cropping and exclusion of small farmers from markets. This trend is evident in Meerut district, situated in the fertile Indo Gangetic plain and a top farming state in India. Despite its agricultural potential, the district has shifted towards sugarcane monoculture, impacting water and food environments. This study aims to explore the complex relationship between agriculture value chains, water sustainability, food availability and accessibility. The objectives include understanding these interlinkages, analyzing baseline scenarios, and assessing the implications of value chains on food and water environments. The analysis reveals the adverse effects of sugarcane monoculture on water environment, food environment and agricultural sustainability. To address these challenges, the study puts a way forward to adopt value chains approach for the strategical promotion of crop diversification, emphasizing resilience and sustainability.
Microsatellite Markers based Genetic Diversity and Population Structure Analysis of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) Accessions
Authors: Shekhawat Pooja , Jakhar M L , Punia SS , Singh Jogendra , Kiran Ravi , Singh Vijayata
Published: August 2024

Lentil is the highly nutritious cool season pulse crop that is the boom for mitigation of malnutrition and maintenance of global food security. Genetic variation and selection is the basis for any crop improvement programme. To explore the pattern of genetic diversity among lentil accessions for salt stress, microsatellite markers (SSR) were used. Development of long lasting stable cultivar require the utilization of diverse germplasm. This study was conducted at ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal by utilizing 100 lentil accessions. In this study 12 SSR (simple sequence repeat) markers were used. Minor allele frequency (MAF) ranged from 0.07 to 0.49 with mean value of 0.27. Genetic diversity (GD) for SSRs ranged from 0.11 to 0.50. The polymorphic information content (PIC) which ranged from 0 to 1 is the measure of the degree of polymorphism that ranged from 0.12 to 0.38 in present study. Three sub-groups based on population structure analysis, denoted as the red, green and blue clusters, encompassed of 35, 48 and 17 lentil accessions, respectively. UPGMA-based phylogenetic tree was constructed also congregated all genotypes into three main clusters. The information generated in our study may have great implications in molecular characterization, fingerprinting and documentation of accessions in the lentil improvement programme.
Unveiling Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Functions Contributed to Polyvinyl Chloride Degradation in Spodoptera frugiperda Larvae
Authors: Peng Haoran , Zhang Zhe , Kang Xiaoxi , Zhang Yunhua , Zhang Huilin , Wang Yuxuan , Yang Dongchen , Zhang Jinlin , Wang Yajie , Zhu Yong-Guan , Ju Feng
Published: August 2024

Background:
The surge in synthetic plastic waste, especially polyvinyl chloride (PVC), poses severe environmental challenges. Recent discoveries in microbial biodegradation offer a hopeful approach to managing such pollutants. Notably, the gut microbiota of certain insect larvae have demonstrated potential for degrading PVC. However, due to challenges such as the significant variations in the microbial composition and low microbial biomass in the guts of insect larvae, there are currently no viable PVC-degrading biological resources derived from insect gut microbiota.
Results:
This research entailed sampling Spodoptera frugiperda larvae at various places and obtaining samples from multiple microbial habitats, employing 16S amplicon analysis to disclose the environmental influence on the larvae’s microbiota. Subsequently, we compared the changes in gut microbiota of S. frugiperda larvae and T. molitor larvae after consuming PVC, discovering that despite completely different microbial communities, they enriched similar functions. We then isolated Enterococcus casseliflavus EMBL-3, which was enriched in the gut of S. frugiperda larvae and verified that the NAD-dependent oxidoreductase it encodes can dechlorinate and degrade PVC.
Conclusions:
Besides emphasizing the stability of the microbiota in the midgut contents of S. frugiperda larvae in natural environments, this study leverages the gut microbiota resources of S. frugiperda larvae to discover an enzyme capable of degrading PVC, paving new paths for understanding the mechanisms of plastic biodegradation and advancing biotechnology to reduce global plastic pollution.
Adaptive wireless-powered network based on CNN near-field positioning by a full-duplex metasurface
Authors: Cui Tie Jun , Xia De Xiao , Han Jia Qi , Mu Ya Jie , Guan Lei , Wang Xin , Ma Xiang Jin , Zhu Li Hao , Lv Tian Guang , Liu Hai Xia , Shi Yan , Li Long
Published: August 2024

With the revolution in technology and industry, the connectivity of electronic devices has gradually shifted from wired to wireless after long-time exploration. As a solution for power delivery, the non-contact power transfer holds promise charging for moving devices such as sensors, microcomputers, and robots, enabling battery-free sensing, processing, and communication. To reach the goal, we propose the adaptive wireless-powered network (AWPN) based on a full-duplex metasurface to realize a non-contact power supply for target tracking and wireless communications. The fabricated battery-free AWPN can obtain stable powers to perceive and compute the environmental data, which are then informed to the users by wireless communications. In particular, the proposed AWPN is good for moving devices, in which near-field positioning is achieved by the programmable metasurface combined with a convolutional neural network. AWPN can get more than 92% classification accuracy to provide precise positions of the moving targets for beam tracking. Thus, being adaptive and contactless, this AWPN will further propel the advancement of fields such as the Internet of Things (IoT), intelligent metasurface, and the robot industry.
Factors influencing cancer-related fatigue in patients with esophageal cancer undergoing radiotherapy:pathway analysis
Authors: Wang Yuqing , Sun Xuhan , Zhang Shuyu , Lu Xinyu , Xia Jianchun , Zhang Yuxi
Published: August 2024

Background
Cancer-related fatigue in patients with esophageal cancer significantly impacts their five-year survival rate and causes serious distress to their physical and mental condition.Therefore, it is crucial to pay attention to the current status of fatigue in esophageal cancer patients in order to reduce their physiological and psychological distress.As a positive psychological trait, self-efficacy can influence the level of fatigue in patients undergoing radiotherapy for esophageal cancer. However, the pathways by which self-efficacy affects cancer-related fatigue remain unclear.
Objective
To investigate the factors influencing cancer-related fatigue in patients undergoing radiation therapy for esophageal cancer, and to investigate the role of social support as a mediator between self-efficacy and cancer-related fatigue using the theory of unpleasant symptoms.
Methods
The study used a descriptive survey approach, and data were collected at a tertiary hospital in Nanjing between October 2022 and May 2023. 225 patients with esophageal cancer undergoing radiotherapy completed the Cancer-Related Fatigue Scale, Self-Efficacy Scale, and Social Support Rating Scale.Correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data;the pathways through which self-efficacy influences cancer-induced fatigue were analyzed using the SPSS PROCESS program.
Results
There was a strong negative correlation between cancer-related fatigue and self-efficacy (r = -0.948; P < 0.05). The results of the mediation effect test indicated that social support partially mediated the relationship between self-efficacy and cancer-related fatigue (β = -0.342, P < 0.01). Furthermore, the mediating effect (− 0.342) accounted for 36.08% of the total effect (− 0.948).
Conclusion
Our findings confirm a negative correlation between cancer-related fatigue and self-efficacy in patients undergoing radiation therapy for esophageal cancer. Social support serves as a mediating factor in reducing fatigue by enhancing patients' self-efficacy.
CRG-MGAN: A Speech Enhancement Algorithm Based on GAN
Authors: Zhang Wenzhuo , Yu Ling , Niu Fanglin , Li Xiaozhen
Published: August 2024

Transformer can be effectively applied to speech enhancement tasks based on Generative Adversarial Network (GAN). However, it still remains challenging to extract temporal dependencies within the signal sequence features as well as to improve training stability. To address these issues, a new light-weight network is proposed for speech enhancement in the time-frequency domain named CRG-MGAN. It is a type of MetricGAN based on convolution and recurrent-augmented spatially gated attention. In the generator of the CRG-MGAN, Convolutional Recurrently Enhanced Gated Attention Unit (CRGU) is used for feature extraction, which is an improved Transformer structure. The CRGU can effectively extract more complete feature information of speech, focus on the temporal dependencies within the signal sequence, reduce the loss of feature information, and reduce the computational complexity of the Transformer. In the decoding stage, the mask decoder structure is improved by using a two-branch activation function structure instead of a single activation function, which prevents gradient explosion and effectively outputs the magnitude information, thus improving the stability of the training process. We conduct extensive experiments with the Voice Bank + Demand datasets. Objective test results show that the performance of the proposed system is highly competitive with existing systems. Specifically, the CRG-MGAN model achieves a PESQ score of 3.48, STOI of 0.96, and SSNR of 11.14dB, with a relatively small model size of 1.67M.
Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Modulate miR-202-3p to Suppress Neuronal Apoptosis Following Spinal Cord Injury Through Autophagy Activation via the AMPK, MAPK, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway
Authors: Huang Ke , Fang Jing , Sun Weiming , Zeng Yujia , Shi Bowen , Ren Bingkai , Bi Haidi , Shuai Lang
Published: August 2024

Background: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) have garnered attention as promising therapeutic modalities for spinal cord injury (SCI) due to their neuroregenerative, anti-apoptotic, and functional recovery-enhancing properties. The central role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in mediating the beneficial outcomes resulting from BMMSCs in SCI has been highlighted in recent studies, suggesting that targeted modulation of specific miRNAs holds potential for augmenting SCI recovery. Our previous investigation implicated miR-202-3p in the reparative processes of injured spinal cords, although the precise mechanistic underpinnings remain elusive.
Methods: In vivo, BMMSCs were administered to SCI rats, while in vitro, miR-202-3p was transfected into PC-12 cells. Motor capabilities recovery was assessed via Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scores and footprinting tests; the evaluation of neuronal and spinal cord tissue repair was conducted using Nissl staining, TUNEL staining, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and immunofluorescence; and the impacts of miR-202-3p on cellular autophagy, neuronal apoptosis, and relevant pathways were evaluated using Western blotting, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Results: Functionally, BMMSCs utilized miR-202-3p to improve motor recovery in SCI rats. Histopathologically, they contributed to the repair of damaged spinal cords and the regeneration of nerve axons. At the molecular level, BMMSCs stimulated autophagy and suppressed neuronal apoptosis by regulating the AMPK, MAPK, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
Conclusions: Collectively, our findings demonstrate that BMMSCs coordinate miR-202-3p to inhibit mTOR activation via the AMPK, MAPK, and PI3K/AKT pathways, thereby promoting TFEB dephosphorylation, modulating autophagy and neuronal apoptosis, and ultimately fostering functional recovery post-SCI.
A marker-free genetic manipulation method for G. parasuis strains developed by alternately culturing transformants at 37°C and 30°C
Authors: Xiao Jing , Wang Yuxin , Wu Dongfang , Song Yuping , Cai Xuwang , Chen Huanchun , Zhou Hongbo , Xu Xiaojuan
Published: August 2024

Background
Glaesserella parasuis (G. parasuis) is a significant pathogen causing Glässer’s disease and substantial financial losses in swine production systems. However, studies on its gene function and pathogenesis are limited due to the lack of a broad marker-free knockout system. Currently, researchers mainly use antibiotic-resistant marked knockout mutants. The expression of antibiotic-resistance genes in bacterial cells can cause polar termination and unpredictable effects. Although there have been precedents in G. parasuis using gene targeting to construct marker-free mutant strains, this method is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and has an extremely low success rate. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an efficient and feasible marker-free genetic manipulation method for G. parasuis strains.
Results
In this study, we developed an optimized marker-free knockout system for G. parasuis based on a temperature-sensitive vector. By culturing the transformants at alternating temperatures of 37°C and 30°C, we used this system to knock out the KanR cassette from the marked mutant JS0135ΔnanH::KanR. To verify that temperature changes were key to this method, we successfully knocked out the nanH and apd genes in the CF7066 strain using this system. Subsequently, we found that knocking out the nanH gene severely reduces the growth vitality of the strains, while knocking out the apd gene can improve the adhesion rate of the strains. Finally, we observed that the expression of recombinant genes in the transformants was higher at 30℃ than at 37℃, but there was almost no difference in the expression of recombinant genes between 30℃ and 37℃ in wild strains. This difference may be due to a higher copy number of target plasmids at 30℃, leading to the upregulation of the expression of recombinant genes.
Conclusions
Overall, this newly developed gene knockout system for G. parasuis could be a valuable tool for the study of this organism.
High TG/HDL-C ratio suggests a higher risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in the first trimester
Authors: Jia Hao-Yi , Chen Li , He Peng-Yuan , Zhou Meng-Jie , Zhan Shi-Tong , Xu Xian-Ming
Published: August 2024

Objective: To investigate the relationship between triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in the first trimester.
Method(s): We followed 2,356 pregnant women who visited the obstetric outpatient clinic of Shanghai General Hospital and underwent regular obstetric examinations from October 1st, 2019 to June 1st, 2021. A 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed, and lipid levels were measured in the first trimester. Logistic regressionand restricted cubic spline (RCS) were applied to evaluate the association between the TG/HDL-C ratio and GDM.
Result(s): Among 2,356 pregnant women, 425 women(18.04 %) were diagnosed with GDM. Logistic regression analysis showed that the TG/HDL-C ratio was an independent risk factor for GDM (OR=1.37 (95% CI: 1.16-1.62), p<0.001). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, we observed that a high TG/HDL-C ratio promoted GDM (OR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.27–2.13, p<0.001). The RCS analysis revealed a signifcant nonlinear association. (P-interaction < 0.05).
Conclusion(s): In this study, we found a significant correlation between TG/HDL-C ratio and GDM, and high TG/HDL-C ratio can be regarded as a significant risk factor for the development of gestational diabetes. Early detection of elevated TG/HDL-C may serve in early detection of GDM and help physicians in framing primary preventive strategies.
A Multicenter Retrospective Study on Single-Level Thoracolumbar Corpectomy and Vertebral Body Replacement by Neurosurgeons
Authors: Al-Barbarawi Mohammad Khalil , Norcia Valerio di , Berra Luigi Valentino , Santoro Antonio , Moustafa Wahab , Badary Amr
Published: August 2024

Background: Vertebral body replacement (VBR) with expandable cages after corpectomy is a critical procedure in spinal surgery, addressing conditions like fractures and tumors that compromise the anterior column of the spine. The eXtreme Lateral Interbody Fusion (XLIF) approach has revolutionized this technique by minimizing muscle dissection and reducing recovery times compared to traditional approaches.
Methods: A retrospective clinical study was conducted on 23 consecutive patients who underwent single-level corpectomy and VBR between 2018 and 2023. Surgical outcomes were evaluated using visual analog scale (VAS) for pain and American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) for neurological status. Radiological assessments included preoperative and postoperative CT scans to measure regional angulation and stability.
Results: Postoperatively, patients showed significant pain reduction (median VAS score decreased from 8 to 2) and neurological improvement (82.6% ASIA E classification). Radiologically, there was a median kyphotic angle correction of 5° post-dorsal stabilization and 9° post-ventral stabilization. Complications included pleural injuries (8.7%) and hypoesthesia (8.7%), with higher incidence in thoracic VBR cases and patients with osteoporosis.
Conclusion: VBR via XLIF is a promising technique for treating vertebral fractures and tumors, offering substantial pain relief, neurological recovery, and spinal stability. Despite some complications, the procedure demonstrates significant clinical and radiological benefits, underscoring its efficacy in complex spinal pathologies.
Use of an activity-based time tracking tool to support implementation of a school district-level technical assistance intervention
Authors: Lin Yu Chen , Offstein Maddie , Malner Cassidy , Williams Angel , Jarpe-Ratner Elizabeth , Leider Julien , Chriqui Jamie F
Published: August 2024

Background.Detailed time and cost data are often lacking in implementation science, particularly in school-based interventions. In a pilot intervention in one Chicago Public Schools’ geographic network, a Network Specialist was hired to provide schools with tailored technical assistance (TA) to support compliance with over 50 health-related policies (the Healthy CPS initiative). This study describes the methods for developing and implementing an activity-based time tracking tool to assess the Network Specialist’s fidelity, time, and cost in providing TA using a Multi-Tiered System of Supports framework (“Tier 1” universal support, “Tier 2” targeted support, and “Tier 3” intensive, individualized support).Methods.The tool was developed in close collaboration with the Network Specialist to capture the Specialist’s interactions with schools between 2020–2023. Key informant interviews and asynchronous post-hoc feedback were qualitatively analyzed to assess the Specialist’s feedback on the tool. Descriptive statistics on school interactions, tiers of support provided, and domains of implementation support provided using the SISTER implementation science framework were generated from the tracking tool data. Differences in mean baseline Healthy CPS policy compliance based on the extent of schools’ interactions with the Specialist in each tier of support were computed using Wald tests.Results.The Specialist described the tracking tool as feasible and useful in providing tailored support and advocated for its continued use as the intervention is expanded to additional networks. The Specialist spent the highest proportion of time and costs (41.4%, $39,117) providing intensive Tier 3 supports, and those supports were targeted toward schools with the most need. Schools receiving the most Tier 3 supports had lower baseline Healthy CPS compliance of 64.4%, versus 78.4% and 67.3% for schools receiving low and medium levels of Tier 3 supports, respectively (p-value = 0.045).Conclusions.Expanded use of time and cost tracking is needed in implementation science, particularly for school-based interventions. Time tracking tools help collect data on intervention activities that inform decision-makers about how to implement interventions with fidelity. Our findings point to the value of using a collaborative, partner-engaged approach to developing the tracking tool with the end user to maximize its feasibility, usefulness, utilization, and sustainability.
Manganese Overexposure: Unveiling its Neurotoxic Potential and Involvement in Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Chib Shivani , Singh Shamsher , Singh Randhir
Published: August 2024

Currently, the globe is undergoing a modern era and down the line, increased availability of luxurious goods and convenience (pesticides, utensils and comfy clothes) are also potential downsides to consider. Woefully, the manufacturing process of various essential need metals and chemicals. One such is manganese, an element, ubiquitously present in fruits and vegetables. Research substantiates that excessive exposure to Mn is deleterious to health and potentially leads to life-threatening diseases. In this context, Parkinson’s disease, is an insidious neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurones. The exact pathological culprit is still unknown and oxidative stress and inflammation are perceived to be the major delinquent. Overexposure to Mn disrupt various physiological process and cause inhibition of the ETC complex, mitochondrial failure, ROS generation, a-synuclein oligomerization, glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity and inflammation. In the present study, 28 days of intraperitoneal exposure to Mn ameliorate the motor coordination and grip strength confirmed by the strength glass chamber test and string test respectively. Moreover, the level of inflammatory marker and oxidative stress marker was also found to be increased. Cellular apoptosis was confirmed by estimating the caspase 3 level. Dopamine and glutamate levels were accessed by RP-HPLC in animal brain homogenate. The study comes to an end that overexposure to Mn is detrimental and cause neurotoxicity.
The origins and sedimentary environment of glauconite in Ordovician Dawangou Formation, NW Tarim Basin, China
Authors: Tian Ya , Lihong Liu , Chunlian Wang , Zhongkai Bai , Yuanyin Zhang , Jianwei Wu
Published: August 2024

A bioclastic limestone containing a high concentration of glauconite is extensively present in the Ordovician Dawangou Formation at the NW Tarim Basin, China. This study investigates the petrology and geochemical properties of glauconite through microscopic thin section analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and major and trace element analysis. The genesis, maturity, and sedimentary environment of the glauconite are discussed. The results indicate that the glauconite in this region originates from granular glauconitization, derived from bioclasts and carbonate particles, forming quasi-autochthonous glauconite in a weak oxidation-weak reduction environment. The glauconite in the Dawangou Formation exhibits emerald green to dark green coloration, granular or flower-like structure, with a K2O content ranging from 6.27–8.73% and an average of 7.19%, indicating maturity to high maturity. The values of Al2O3/(Al2O3 + Fe2O3) and LaN/CeN average 0.78 and 0.81, respectively, suggesting a continental margin sedimentary environment. The average values of Th/U, Ni/Co, and V/Sc are 2.74, 10.54, and 0.16, respectively, confirming the weak oxidation-reduction conditions of the Ordovician Dawangou Formation. Considering the regional geological context, it is inferred that the Ordovician Dawangou Formation in NW Tarim primarily represents slope-basin facies. This study of glauconite in the Dawangou Formation not only offers insights into the stratigraphic and sedimentary characteristics of the area but also serves as a valuable reference for further research in related fields.
Biodegradable plastic film mulch increased nitrous oxide emissions in organic leek but decreased emissions in organic cabbages
Authors: samphire martin Joseph , Jones David L , Chadwick David R
Published: August 2024

Plastic film mulch (PFM) controls weeds and increases yields, making them attractive to vegetable growers; biodegradable PFMs potentially reduce the harms associated with conventional PFMs. PFMs increase soil biological activity, accelerating the decomposition of soil organic matter and potentially increasing emissions of some greenhouse gases (GHGs). Conversely, they are a barrier to rainfall infiltration and gas exchange, reducing harmful nitrate (NO3−) leaching and ammonia (NH3) volatilisation. The effects of PFMs on the processes resulting in GHG emissions are not well explored outside conventionally grown commodity crops in major growing regions. To address this, we conducted a field plot-scale experiment on an organic vegetable farm in SW Wales (UK). We measured nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2) and potential NH3 emission from the soil, growing leeks or cabbages, with or without biodegradable PFM and amended with poultry manure or green-waste compost. Averaged across both crops, yield was 26% higher with PFM; potential NH3 emissions were 18% lower (43% on a yield-scaled basis) in mulched treatments than unmulched; CH4 emissions were not significantly affected. Yield-scaled N2O emissions were 62% higher in mulched leeks than unmulched but 56% lower in mulched cabbages than unmulched; this coincided with higher soil NO3− concentrations in mulched leeks than either unmulched crop or mulched cabbages. Results were not obtained for CO2, so partial global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) were determined mainly by N2O emissions. Thus, biodegradable PFM is potentially useful in reducing harmful gaseous N emissions in organic horticulture.
Travertine mineralogical characteristics and development level in Huanglong, a world natural heritage, china：derived from late pleistocene to early holocene glacial u-shaped valley carbonate deposits
Authors: Gao Wenhao , Liu Xinze , Sun Dong , Xu Ronglin , Zhao Songjiang , Zhang Zhipeng , Liu Shupu , Dong Jianxing , Wang Shikuan , Zhang Weizhen , Zhang Jing , Tang Jiyu
Published: August 2024

In the long and complex process of geological evolution, the rise of the Himalayan movement and the strong Quaternary glacial movement 400,000 years ago have shaped the highly distinctive travertine landform landscape of Huanglong, China. The overflow of karst water in the high travertine layer has formed magnificent waterfalls and wonderful karst caves, as well as the world's largest open-air calcified beach flow and color pool. The unique travertine landscape has entered the public's vision. The travertine landscape composed of rare geological relics such as pools, terraces, beaches, waterfalls and karst caves is like a gorgeous garland on the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, playing a pivotal role in China and even the world. The mineralogical characteristics and development level of Huanglong travertine were studied by means of hydrogeological survey, UAV aerial survey and rock and mineral analysis. The length of Huanglong Trench is 3.6 km, with an average thickness of 17.8 m, and the thickest part is 31.9m at the front of bonseong pool. Due to the strong alteration of superficial plants, the main vertical structure is diversified, with porous travertine, dense travertine and detritus travertine. Huanglong travertine was born in late Pleistocene to early Holocene of the Quaternary. The deep carbonate rocks were deposited on the surface through the water cycle. The mineral composition is mainly calcite, and the purity of CaCO3 is generally over 95%.
Urtica comp. gel for prevention and therapy of radiation dermatitis An interdisciplinary, interprofessional phase II randomized controlled trial in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Freeman Jodie , Timo Nannen , Susanne Sester , Ursula Wolf
Published: August 2024

Purpose: Radiation dermatitis (RD) is one of the most common side effects of radiotherapy for breast cancer and affects 90 % of patients. Skin lesions bear a marked risk of infection and have a profound impact on the patient’s quality of life, due to pain and discomfort. This can cause interruption to radiotherapy, resulting in inadequate disease treatment.
The aim was to test if Urtica comp. gel reduces the incidence and severity of RD, reduce the need for additional therapy, pain, and improve the quality of life.
Methods: A randomised open-label phase II study compared Urtica comp. gel with the standard of care, Excipial-Hydrolotion. Patients were assessed at baseline, at weekly assessments and up to 6 weeks after radiotherapy.
Results: A total of 30 patients were randomly assigned and included. There was no statistically significant difference in maximum acute RD between Urtica comp. gel and Excipial-Hydrolotion. However, Urtica comp. gel significantly reduced the need for rescue care with only 31 % of the 13 patients needing rescue care compared to 69 % using Excipial-Hydrolotion. A chi-square test of independence found that the relationship was highly significant, X2 (1, N =28) = 5.073, p = 0.02. Results also showed a trend for reduced pain (Cohen's d = 0.74, p = 0.09) and itchiness (not significant Cohen's d = 0.57, p=0.16) on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for patients receiving Urtica comp. gel. In addition, patients using Urtica comp. gel rated the appearance of their RD as significantly better than patients receiving Excipial-Hydrolotion (p < 0.02, p < 0.03, p < 0.02) in week 3, 4 and 5 respectively. There were no major differences between groups on skin-related quality of life.
Conclusion: This study yielded promising results and found that Urtica comp. gel was statistically more effective than standard of care in reducing the need for rescue care in patients undergoing radiotherapy. Patients also rate the appearance of their RD as significantly better when using Urtica comp and scored lower pain and itchiness on the VAS. These results highlight that Urtica comp. gel may be an effective treatment option against RD. This should be further tested in a larger clinical trial.
Trial Registration
NCT03494205