bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KNOWLEDGE ACCUMULATION, AND PRODUCTIVITY: EVIDENCE FROM PLANT‐LEVEL DATA FOR IRELAND
Authors: Cassidy Mark , Görg Holger , Strobl Eric
Published: July 2005

This paper investigates whether knowledge accumulating activities, such as exporting, R&D, or worker training, can enhance plants' productivity. To this end, we use plant‐level panel data for Irish manufacturing. Our results importantly indicate that productivity enhancing effects of these factors are found only for domestic firms, but not for foreign multinationals located in Ireland. We postulate a number of potential reasons inherent to multinational activity possibly driving this result.
PRODUCTIVITY, WORKPLACE PERFORMANCE AND ICT: INDUSTRY AND FIRM‐LEVEL EVIDENCE FOR EUROPE AND THE US
Authors: Matteucci Nicola , O'Mahony Mary , Robinson Catherine , Zwick Thomas
Published: July 2005

This paper considers the contribution of information and communications technology (ICT), to international productivity performance. It first uses an international industry data set and a growth accounting framework, to show that ICT has typically had a lower impact on productivity in Europe than in the US, although there is considerable variation within Europe. The paper also analyses the European situation in greater depth by examining micro‐economic data from Germany, Italy and the UK. While direct comparisons between the national findings are difficult, the results suggest that the UK experience with ICT has been closer to the US than other European countries.
TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION AND THE SKILL MIX OF US MANUFACTURING PLANTS
Authors: Dunne Timothy , Troske Kenneth
Published: July 2005

This paper examines the relationship between technology adoption and the skill mix of the workforce in US manufacturing plants. Using information on the use and adoption of seven different information technologies, we find that the relationship between technology adoption and workforce skill varies across the technologies. The use and adoption of engineering and design tasks are associated with workplaces that have a relatively large share of nonproduction labor. When we examine the relationship between technology adoption and skill upgrading of workforces, we find little correlation between the use and/or adoption of technologies and changes in workforce skill at the plant level. However, we do find that plants adopting technologies related to engineering and design tasks grow faster over the period 1987–1997.
SPATIO‐TEMPORAL ASPECTS OF LAND USE AND LAND COVER CHANGES IN THE NIAH CATCHMENT, SARAWAK, MALAYSIA
Authors: Hansen Tina Svan
Published: July 2005

This paper focuses on the large‐scale land use and land cover changes that have taken place in Sarawak state, East Malaysia over the three decades of 1972‐2002. Results are presented from a detailed land use and cover change (LUCC) study in the Niah River catchment using satellite imagery, questionnaire surveys and interviews. Successive waves of land cover changes have taken place. Large forest areas have been logged and gradually replaced by oil palm plantations, which now occupy more than 40 per cent of the total land area in the catchment. Concurrently, small‐scale farming systems have also changed. Formerly dominant Iban shifting cultivation practices are increasingly being replaced by cash crop production on permanent fields and impacted by off‐farm activities involving many ethnic groups. It is argued that land cover changes are continuous and complex processes involving a large number of variables which can be analysed for different time periods at various scales.
“That Is Bloody Revolting!”
Authors: von Hippel William , Gonsalkorale Karen
Published: July 2005

An experiment explored the hypothesis that inhibitory ability helps people stop themselves from engaging in socially inappropriate behavior. All participants completed a Stroop color-naming task, after which half of the participants were asked to remember an eight-digit number (inducing divided attention). Participants were then offered an unfamiliar and visually unappetizing food product (a chicken foot) under conditions of either low or high social pressure to pretend that it was appealing. Participants who had full attention available and were under pressure to pretend the food was appealing were least likely to emit a negative response, and performance on the Stroop task predicted the degree to which they successfully restrained negative responses. These results suggest that the cognitive ability to inhibit unwanted information facilitates socially appropriate behavior.
Remembering by the Seat of Your Pants
Authors: Goldinger Stephen D. , Hansen Whitney A.
Published: July 2005

According to dual-process theories of memory, “old” responses in recognition may reflect the separate or combined effects of two states, specific recollection and feelings of nonspecific familiarity. When decisions are based on familiarity, people may attribute enhanced perceptual fluency to memory for prior occurrence. In this experiment, we tested whether a subliminal somatic cue (a low-amplitude buzz) could enhance feelings of familiarity. The buzz increased the likelihood that participants responded “old,” both correctly and incorrectly. This effect occurred only with subjectively difficult stimuli, those relatively unlikely to elicit clear recollection. When a stronger control buzz was used, the effect vanished. Results for confidence ratings were consistent with Whittlesea's SCAPE theory, producing a dissociation between hits and false alarms. Specifically, the buzz reduced confidence in hits and increased confidence in false alarms, in accord with the most likely attributions for the feelings of familiarity associated with the buzz.
How to Make the Word-Length Effect Disappear in Letter-by-Letter Dyslexia
Authors: Fiset Daniel , Arguin Martin , Bub Daniel , Humphreys Glyn W. , Riddoch M. Jane
Published: July 2005

The diagnosis of letter-by-letter (LBL) dyslexia is based on the observation of a substantial and monotonic increase of word naming latencies as the number of letters in the stimulus increases. This pattern of performance is typically interpreted as indicating that word recognition in LBL dyslexia depends on the sequential identification of individual letters. We show, in 7 LBL patients, that the word-length effect can be eliminated if words of different lengths are matched on the sum of the confusability (visual similarity between a letter and the remainder of the alphabet) of their constituent letters. Additional experiments demonstrate that this result is mediated by parallel letter processing and not by any compensatory serial processing strategy. These findings indicate that parallel processing contributes significantly to explicit word recognition in LBL dyslexia and that a letter-processing impairment is fundamental in causing the disorder.
Inducing Infants to Detect a Physical Violation in a Single Trial
Authors: Wang Su-hua , Baillargeon Renée
Published: July 2005

There is increasing evidence that infants' representations of physical events can be enhanced through appropriate experiences in the laboratory. Most of this research has involved administering infants multiple training trials, often with multiple objects. In the present research, 8-month-olds were induced to detect a physical violation in a single trial. The experiments built on previous evidence that for occlusion events, infants encode height information at about age 3.5 months, but for covering events, they encode height information only at about age 12 months. In two experiments, a short cover was first placed in front of a short or a tall object (occlusion event); next, the cover was lowered over the tall object until it became fully hidden (covering event). Exposure to the occlusion event (but not other events in which height information was not encoded) enabled the infants to detect the violation in the covering event, much earlier than they would have otherwise.
The Role of Chaos in Poverty and Children's Socioemotional Adjustment
Authors: Evans Gary W. , Gonnella Carrie , Marcynyszyn Lyscha A. , Gentile Lauren , Salpekar Nicholas
Published: July 2005

There are growing levels of chaos in the lives of American children, youth, and families. Increasingly, children grow up in households lacking in structure and routine, inundated by background stimulation from noise and crowding, and forced to contend with the frenetic pace of modern life. Although widespread, chaos does not occur randomly in the population. We document that low-income adolescents face higher levels of chaos than their more affluent counterparts and provide longitudinal evidence that some of the adverse effects of poverty on socioemotional adjustment are mediated by exposure to chaotic living conditions.
Believe It or Not
Authors: Hasson Uri , Simmons Joseph P. , Todorov Alexander
Published: July 2005

We present two experiments that cast doubt on existing evidence suggesting that it is impossible to suspend belief in a comprehended proposition. In Experiment 1, we found that interrupting the encoding of a statement's veracity decreased memory for the statement's falsity when the false version of the statement was uninformative, but not when the false version was informative. This suggests that statements that are informative when false are not represented as if they were true. In Experiment 2, participants made faster lexical decisions to words implied by preceding statements when they were told that the statements were true than when the veracity of the statements was unknown or when the statements were false. The findings suggest that comprehending a statement may not require believing it, and that it may be possible to suspend belief in comprehended propositions.
Pathology, diagnosis, and classification of pressure ulcers: comparing clinical and imaging techniques
Authors: Nixon Jane , Cranny Gillian , Bond Senga
Published: July 2005

Pressure ulcer classification systems are based on the clinical manifestations of the skin and tissue layer affected rather than underlying pathology. The objective of this study was to compare the validity of the clinical grading of erythema (blanching and nonblanching) with a measurement of skin perfusion. Therefore, an exploratory study comparing erythema with laser Doppler imaging of the sacrum and buttock skin areas was undertaken. Acute and major elective general, vascular, and orthopedic surgical in‐patients, aged 55 years or over with an expected length of hospital stay of 5 or more days were recruited. Fifty laser Doppler images from 37 patients were obtained and included in a discriminant analysis. Discriminant analysis suggested that blanching and nonblanching erythema were physiologically distinct from “normal” skin; clinically, these could be assessed with reasonable accuracy. Imaging also determined that high blood flow of differing intensity characterized blanching and nonblanching erythema. There was no evidence of the “no flow” phenomenon.
In vivo haematopoietic potential of human neural stem cells
Authors: Almeida‐Porada G. , Crapnell K. , Porada C. , Benoit B. , Nakauchi H. , Quesenberry P. , Zanjani E. D.
Published: July 2005

The fetal sheep model was used to compare the in vivo haematopoietic potential of human neural stem cells (NSC) versus bone marrow (BM)‐derived haematopoietic stem cells (HSC). To this end, sheep were transplanted with either 8 × 105 NSC (n = 11) or HSC, CD34+Lin− (n = 5), and subsequently analysed for haematopoietic chimaerism. While HSC‐transplanted sheep displayed robust donor‐derived haematopoiesis starting at less than 2 months post‐transplant, NSC recipients exhibited haematopoietic engraftment at much later time points. Nevertheless, chimaerism persisted in both groups throughout the course of this study. Transplantation of secondary recipients with human CD45+/HLA‐DR+ cells from the BM of NSC primary recipients at 14 and 16 months post‐transplant demonstrated that long‐term engrafting HSC were present in these animals. At 6 months post‐transplant, both NSC‐ and HSC‐transplanted sheep were mobilised with granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor. In contrast to HSC‐transplanted animals, levels of human blood cells in peripheral blood of NSC‐transplanted sheep remained low throughout mobilisation. Our results show that, although human NSC were able to give rise to multilineage haematopoiesis in our model, the levels, timing of blood cell production and the ability to respond to cytokine mobilisation were different, suggesting that human NSCs latent haematopoietic potential is inherently different from that of true HSC.
Immaturity of IL‐18 gene expression and protein production in cord blood (CB) versus peripheral blood (PB) mononuclear cells and differential effects in natural killer (NK) cell development and function*
Authors: Satwani Prakash , Ayello Janet , van de Ven Carmella , O'Neill Allison F. , Simpson Lynn L. , Baxi Laxmi , Cairo Mitchell S.
Published: July 2005

We have previously demonstrated dysregulation of IL‐12 and IL‐15 gene and protein expression between activated cord blood (CB) versus peripheral blood (PB) mononuclear cells (MNCs). In the present study, we compared IL‐18 gene expression and protein production and IL‐18 mRNA half‐life in basal versus activated CB versus PB MNCs, the effects of IL‐18 ± IL‐12 on MNCs IFN‐γ protein production and ex vivo expansion and activation of CB with IL‐12 + IL‐2 + anti‐CD3 ± IL‐18. Basal and activated levels of IL‐18 were significantly higher in PB versus CB MNCs (P < 0·05). IL‐18 mRNA was coincidental with protein levels and significantly lower in CB (P < 0·05) and its half‐life significantly shorter in CB versus PB MNCs (P < 0·05). IL‐18 synergistically with IL‐12 induced IFN‐γ production from PB greater than CB MNCs (P < 0·05). NK cells expansion (P < 0·001) and cytotoxicity (P < 0·01) was significantly increased with IL‐12 + IL‐2 + anti‐CD3 and IL‐18. In summary IL‐18 gene expression and protein production are significantly decreased in activated CB versus PB MNCs, in part secondary to increased degradation of CB IL‐18 mRNA. These results may have implications for the mechanism(s) in part responsible for the immaturity of CB T‐cell immunity.
Routine expression profiling of microarray gene signatures in acute leukaemia by real‐time PCR of human bone marrow*
Authors: Sakhinia Ebrahim , Faranghpour Maboubeh , Liu Yin John A. , Brady Gerard , Hoyland Judith A. , Byers Richard J.
Published: July 2005

Cancer subtype diagnosis using microarray signatures has the potential to transform pathological diagnosis but the routine measurement of genes signatures remains difficult. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) measurement of Indicator genes for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) was used to determine gene signatures. Bone marrow (BM) mononuclear cells were sorted into total, CD34+ and CD34− fractions, and mRNAs globally amplified from each fraction using polyA PCR. The expression profile of the 17 top‐ranked genes distinguishing AML and ALL were measured by RT‐PCR in five ALL, 26 AML, 12 AML remission, four chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) and nine morphologically normal BM samples. All but two of the genes measured showed similar expression in AML and ALL to that reported previously. Specifically, c‐MYB (P ≤ 0·04) was significantly increased in ALL in the total fraction, whilst HOXA9 (P ≤ 0·19) and cystatin c (P ≤ 0·01) were increased in AML in the CD34+ and CD34− fractions, respectively. c‐MYB, hSNF2, RBAP48, HKRT‐1, LYN, CD33, Adipsin and HOXA9 were increased in AML compared with remission AML, indicating an ability to determine disease activity. The method used is simple, sensitive and robust, enabling routine clinical use, and it can also be extended to other tumours types with gene signatures.
Mice are unsuitable for modelling ABO discordance despite strain‐specific A cross‐reactive natural IgM
Authors: Larkin James M.G. , Porter Colin D.
Published: July 2005

ABO blood group antigens are immunodominant cell surface oligosaccharides. The function of the ABO system is clinically important in blood transfusion and solid organ transplantation but there is no small animal model of ABO discordance. The present study demonstrated A glycoconjugate‐reactive IgM in the serum of CBA/Ca mice by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay but showed with sugar blocking that the specificity of this IgM was different from that of human anti‐A IgM. Furthermore, immunisation of CBA/Ca mice with the A antigen did not increase reactive IgM titre. In contrast, knock‐out mice for the related carbohydrate antigen galactose(α1,3)galactose mounted a serum IgM response when immunised with the non‐self galactose(α1,3)galactose antigen, which was shown to be T cell‐dependent using a nude/knock‐out animal. Reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction identified transcripts for the enzyme likely to be responsible for the synthesis of the A antigen in organs from CBA/Ca mice although the A antigen was not detected in the same organs by immunohistochemistry. We conclude that CBA/Ca mice possess natural serum IgM with different characteristics to human anti‐A IgM and that CBA/Ca mice may also express the A antigen. As a result, these mice are not suitable for use as a small animal model of ABO discordance.
Anxiety symptoms in clinically diagnosed bruxers
Authors: MANFREDINI D. , LANDI N. , FANTONI F. , SEGÙ M. , BOSCO M.
Published: July 2005

summary  The present work was an attempt to investigate for the existence of an association between anxiety psychopathology and bruxism. The presence of bruxism was investigated according to validated clinical criteria in 98 subjects, who also filled out a self‐report questionnaire (PAS‐SR) for the assessment of panic‐agoraphobic spectrum. 34·7% (n = 34) of participants were diagnosed as bruxers. The prevalence of anxiety psychopathology was similar between bruxers and non‐bruxers, but Mann–Whitney U‐test revealed significant differences in total PAS‐SR (P = 0·026) score, indicating that subclinical symptoms of the anxiety spectrum might differentiate bruxers from controls. In particular, significant differences emerged in scores of domains evaluating panic (P = 0·039), stress sensitivity (P = 0·006) and reassurance sensitivity symptoms (P = 0·005) of panic‐agoraphobic spectrum. Support to the existence of an association between bruxism and certain psychopathological symptoms has been provided.
Composite veneering of metal based fixed partial dentures
Authors: ROSENTRITT M. , BEHR M. , BRÜCKNER H. , HANDEL G.
Published: July 2005

summary  The aim of this in vitro study was to determine the thermal mechanical properties of veneering composites after polymerization with the appropriate polymerization device. Fracture tests were performed to investigate the effect on fixed partial dentures (FPDs).

Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis was used to determine the temperature‐dependent mechanical properties. To approximate the clinical situation, the fracture resistance of three‐unit metal‐based FPDs with different composite veneering was investigated after a simulated 5‐year oral wearing period. The restorations were made of a high gold alloy and veneered with three different composites. To determine the influence of fabrication, one composite was used in a light‐polymerizing and a heat/pressure‐curing version and, in addition, a newly developed heat protection paste was used. After a 5‐year simulation period, the fracture resistance was determined.

The storage modulus varied between 14268 N mm−2 (Belleglass) and 6616 N mm−2 (Sinfony). Adoro showed no significant differences between light curing (9155 N mm−2) and heat curing (8184 N mm−2) variations. The Adoro‐veneering with the heat protection paste showed the highest median fracture strength (1700 N), followed by Adoro LC (1555 N), Belleglass (1051 N), Adoro HP (1150 N) and Sinfony (909 N). The most common failure type occurring in all FPDs was a cracking of the composite, exposing the metal framework. All FPDs showed stress cracking of the composite. The heat protection paste seemed to reduce the crack formation after fabrication and increased the fracture resistance of the composite veneering. Stress cracking after thermal cycling and mechanical loading affected all composites, but all veneered three‐unit alloy FPDs showed a fracture resistance sufficient for posterior application.
Differential translocation of paraquat in paraquat‐resistant populations of Hordeum leporinum
Authors: PRESTON C , SOAR C J , HIDAYAT I , GREENFIELD K M , POWLES S B
Published: July 2005

Two populations of Hordeum leporinum have evolved resistance to paraquat within a small area in central Tasmania, Australia. One population (THL1) was more than 80‐fold resistant to paraquat when treated in winter, compared with a susceptible population (THL4) collected nearby, whereas the other population (THL2) was only 19‐fold resistant. Translocation of paraquat was examined in all three populations at warm and cool temperature regimes. Herbicide was applied to a basal section of the second leaf of plants kept in the dark and translocation measured after 16 h of dark and during a subsequent light period. Paraquat absorption into the treated leaf was uniformly high in susceptible and resistant populations, with >93% of the applied herbicide absorbed within 16 h in the dark at both temperatures. Translocation of paraquat out of the treated leaf was low in the dark, with <4% of the herbicide translocated to the remainder of the plant. More herbicide was translocated out of the treated leaves in susceptible plants in the dark, compared with resistant plants at both temperature regimes and more paraquat was translocated at warmer temperatures. Extensive basipetal translocation of paraquat to the rest of the plant occurred in susceptible plants following exposure of the treated plants to light. However, basipetal translocation was much reduced in resistant plants in the light and corresponded to the degree of resistance. Resistance to paraquat in H. leporinum is the result of reduced translocation of paraquat out of the treated leaves.
Increased density and spatial uniformity increase weed suppression by spring wheat
Authors: OLSEN J , KRISTENSEN L , WEINER J , GRIEPENTROG HW
Published: July 2005

It has been hypothesized that increased crop density and spatial uniformity can increase weed suppression and thereby play a role in weed management. Field experiments were performed over 2 years to investigate the effects of the density and spatial arrangement of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) on weed biomass and wheat yield in weed‐infested fields. We used three crop spatial patterns (normal rows, random and uniform) and three densities (204, 449 and 721 seeds m−2), plus a fourth density (1000 seeds m−2) in the random pattern. Increased crop density reduced weed biomass in all three patterns. Weed biomass was lower and crop biomass higher in wheat sown in the random and uniform patterns than in normal rows in both years. At 449 seeds m−2, weed biomass was 38% lower in the uniform and 27% lower in the random pattern than in rows. There was evidence of decreasing grain yield due to intraspecific competition only at 1000 seeds m−2. The results not only confirm that increasing density and increasing crop spatial uniformity increase the suppression of weeds, but also suggest that a very high degree of spatial uniformity may not be necessary to achieve a major increase in weed suppression by cereal crops. Rows represent a very high degree of spatial aggregation. Decreasing this aggregation increased weed suppression almost as much as sowing the crop in a highly uniform spatial pattern. While the random pattern produced as much crop biomass and suppressed weeds almost as well as the uniform pattern, the uniform pattern gave the highest yield.
Germination ecology, emergence and host detection in Cuscuta campestris
Authors: BENVENUTI S , DINELLI G , BONETTI A , CATIZONE P
Published: July 2005

Trials were carried out to study the germination and dormancy of Cuscuta campestris Y. (dodder) seeds and factors influencing the success of early parasitisation of sugarbeet. Primary dormancy can be removed by seed scarification. Germination was negligible at 10°C and optimal at 30°C, while it was not influenced by light. Seed burial induced a cycle of induction and breaking of secondary dormancy. Seedling emergence was inversely proportional to the depth of seed burial and only seed buried within 5 cm of the soil surface emerged. Storage of C. campestris seeds in a laboratory for 12 years resulted in the loss of primary dormancy, enabling the germination of all viable seeds. Host infection (i.e. protrusion of parasite haustoria from host tissue) was heavily influenced by host growth stage. Tropism towards a host was due to the perception of light transmitted by green parts of sugarbeet plants. Insertion of a transparent glass sheet between host leaves and parasite seedlings did not modify this response. This phototropism permitted Cuscuta to identify host plants with high chlorophyll content as a function of the lower red/far red ratio of transmitted light.
Factors affecting the efficacy of acrolein in irrigation channels in southern Argentina
Authors: BENTIVEGNA D J , FERNÁNDEZ O A
Published: July 2005

Growth of the submerged weed Potamogeton pectinatus L. is a major problem in the irrigation channels located in the Lower Valley of the Colorado River (39°10′–39°55′S; 62°05′–63°55′W) in Argentina. Previous studies indicate that weed control with acrolein is effective in reducing submerged plant biomass. In this study, we evaluated the influence of some variables affecting acrolein and its dissipation in water. Three main parameters, acrolein dosage, the height of the plants and the velocity of water contributed to 80% of the reduction of the submerged weed biomass. Water flow and concentration of the chemical explained 68% of the factors influencing the dissipation of the herbicide. Water velocity, electrical conductivity, pH and the duration of application have a secondary effect in the dissipation process. The constant rate of dissipation (K) was 0.235 L h−1 (SD ±0.125), implying that the chemical will disappear from the system in <24 h. As a practical guideline for the control of mature, dense stands of P. pectinatus within the irrigation system under study, the following conditions are advisable: flow volumes of 500 L s−1 or higher, water velocity of 0.42 m s−1 or more and c. 6.5 mg L−1 concentration of acrolein for at least a 11‐h period.
Interspecific Social Interactions and Breeding Success of the FrogRana latastei: A Field Study
Authors: Ficetola Gentile Francesco , Bernardi Fiorenza De
Published: July 2005

Interspecific reproductive interference can affect fitness‐related breeding performance, thus influencing fitness and distribution of populations. Laboratory studies demonstrated the social interference ofRana dalmatinamales onR. latasteibreeding females: the presence of heterospecific males reduced the percentage of viable embryos inR. latasteieggs. Here, we tested if the negative effects ofR. dalmatinamales onR. latasteireproductive success occur in field conditions. We compared the percentage of viable embryos of eggs laid in field conditions from populations whereR. latasteibreeds alone with the percentage of viable embryos of populations whereR. latasteicohabits withR. dalmatina. We did not find any significant difference in percentage of viable embryos betweenR. latasteipopulations syntopic and allotopic withR. dalmatina, nor a relationship between the relative abundance of heterospecifics and reproductive success. In natural conditions, the presence of heterospecific males does not seem to interfere with the reproductive success ofR. latastei. The experimental procedure may influence the interaction among individuals. Therefore, we suggest to validate on natural populations the results of experiments dealing with complex interactions.
Sensory Systems and Spatial Memory in the Fruit BatRousettus aegyptiacus
Authors: Holland Richard A. , Winter Paul , Waters Dean A.
Published: July 2005

The megachiropteran fruit batRousettus aegyptiacusis able to orient and navigate using both vision and echolocation. These two sensory systems have different environmental constraints however, echolocation being relatively short range when compared with vision. Despite this difference, an experiment testing their memory of a perch location demonstrates that once the location of a perch is learnedR. aegyptiacusis not influenced by the movement of local landmark cues in the vicinity of the perch under either light or dark conditions. Thus despite the differing constraints of vision and echolocation, this suggests a place is remembered as a location in space and not by associations with landmarks in the vicinity. A decrease in initial performance when the task was repeated in the dark suggested the possibility that a memory of a location learned using vision does not generalize to echolocation.
Parahaploposthia thiophilus sp.n. and the Use of Living Specimens in Identification of Acoel Turbellarians
Authors: FEGLEY STEPHEN R. , SMITH JULIAN P. S. , RIEGER REINHARD M.
Published: July 2005

Parahaploposthia thiophilus is described as a new species of the acoel turbellarian family Haploposthiidae. Although P. thiophilus exhibits strong anatomical similarities to other members of the genus Parahaploposthia, notably in the male copulatory organ, the male gonads and the frontal organ, this new species differs from all other members of its genus by the possession of a bursa. We have broadened the generic diagnosis of Parahaploposthia to include this feature, a measure that we prefer to the erection of a new genus based on a character (the bursa) of uncertain validity in the present system of acoel taxonomy. This species description is based primarily on information gleaned from the observation of living specimens by phase contrast microscopy, in order to illustrate the utility of an often neglected method that reveals important information not available from fixed and sectioned specimens, and which also may provide for more rapid and simple identification of acoel turbellarians by nonspecialists.
Hemicyclops columnaris sp.n. (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida, Clausidiidae) Associated with a Coral in Panama (Pacific Side)
Authors: HUMES ARTHUR G.
Published: July 2005

Hemicyclops columnaris sp.n. is described from the scleractinian coral Porites lobata Dana on the Pacific coast of Panama. The new species may be distinguished from its 23 congeners by a combination of the body size and the shape of the genital segment in the female. Although certain members of the genus Hemicyclops are associated with crustaceans, polychaetes and other marine invertebrates, this is the first record of a species of this genus from a hard coral.
Eye Structure and the Classification of Stomatopod Crustacea
Authors: MANNING RAYMOND B. , SCHIFF HELGA , ABBOTT BERNARD C.
Published: July 2005

The cornea in most stomatopods is divided into two halves by a band of specialized ommatidia, the middle band. This band is absent in the Bathysquilloidea, but present in the three other superfamilies. It is two facets wide in the Squilloidea and six facets wide in the Lysiosquilloidea and Gonodactyloidea. This differentiation must have occurred very early in the evolutionary history of the group.
Two New Littoral Anthuridea from Baja California and Redescription of Mesanthura occidentalis (Crustacea, Isopoda)
Authors: WÄGELE JOHANN WOLFGANG
Published: July 2005

Two new Isopoda Anthuridea (Paranthura longitelson sp.n., Mesanthura nubifera sp.n.) from the Pacific coast of Mexico are described. A redescription of the hitherto poorly known species Mesanthura occidentalis Menzies & Barnard is presented.
La structure et I'innervation du diaphragme de la gaine tentaculaire chez deux Bryozoaires Malacostéges
Authors: LUTAUD GENEVIEVE
Published: July 2005

Morphological and ultrastructural observations in Electra pilosu (L.) and Membranipora membranacea (L.) show that the diaphragm which closes the tentacular atrium is formed by the juxtaposition of folds of the tentacle sheath around its apical sphincter and another row of folds of the vestibulum. Double desmosomes bind the epithelium and cuticle at the base of vestibular folds to the collagen layer of the sheath. The continuity of parietal and polypidian cellular layers during the morphogenesis of the aperture is discussed. Several cellular types are differentiated in the microvillous epithelium of the sheath at the edge of the atrial orifice. The sphincter is innervated by twin motor branches of the mixed peripheral nerves. An efferent cluster of axonal fibres arises from bipolar neurons which are vitally stained by methylene blue within every vestibular lobe, with a slender dendrite reaching to the cuticle. The ramified dendritic ending encloses the kinetosomes and aborted root of a vestigial cilium. Interdigitation of the dendritic ramifications and marginal vesicles of adjacent epithelial cells which also contain a single reduced cilium is observed, although no particular junction implying a functional couple was found. Vestibular folds around the atrial orifice are interpreted as sensory papillae with either a mechano‐ or chemoreceptive function.
Bryozoaires des Peuplements Sciaphiles de Méditerranée: Révision de Cribrilina setosa Waters et Description de Deux Nouvelles Espéces de Cribrilaria (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata)
Authors: HARMELIN JEAN‐GEORGES
Published: July 2005

The cribrimorph bryozoan Puellina setosa (Waters) is reviewed, together with a closely related species, Puellina gattyae (Busk), and two new Cribrilaria species from the Mediterranean, C. cassidainsis sp. n. and C. minima sp. n., which present some characters in common with P. setosa and were previously confused with it.
A Redescription of Adult Phyllodistomum umblae (Fabricius) (Digenea, Gorgoderidae) from Salvelinus alpinus (L.) in Norway
Authors: BAKKE TOR A.
Published: July 2005

Phyllodistomum umblae (Fabricius, 1780), originally described on the basis of specimens recovered from the ureter of Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus in Drangedalen, Norway, is here redescribed with both light (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) from material obtained from the type host and type locality. This species has been overlooked in general text‐books of this century, e.g. those of Dawes and Yamaguti, but was discussed by Nybelin in a paper in 1926 in which he suggested its conspecificity with P. conostomum Olsson. The dimensions, shapes, position and arrangement of the internal structures and selected size ratios are described and illustrated with LM‐pictures. The SEM‐investigation reveals the tegumental microstructure, and special emphasis is given to the arrangement of papillae. The body papillae comprise: (a) constant numbers in a constant bilateral arrangement; (b) a variable number in an orientated bilateral concentration called rows; (c) regional concentrations; (d) randomly distributed ones. This system and its variability are described and figured. Four types of papillae, and their distribution as seen by SEM, are described. These results are compared with the results from other SEM–investigations on gorgoderids.
New and Little‐Known Species of Deep‐sea Tubificidae (Oligochaeta) from the North‐West Atlantic
Authors: ERSÉUS CHRISTER
Published: July 2005

Eight species of Tubificidae are reported from deep‐sea samples taken south of Massachusetts. Phallodrilus grasslei sp. n., with heavily muscular vasa deferentia, and penial setae, two per bundle, oriented with ectal ends obliquely pointing towards the anterior, and P. rostratus sp. n., with a long and narrow, snout‐like prostomium, heavily muscular, tripartite atria, and small, hooked penial setae, about five per bundle, are described. Phallodrilus biparis Erséus, previously known only from off France in the north‐east Atlantic, is reported and depicted. Taxonomic notes are provided for Adelodrilus voraginus (Cook), A. fimbriatus Erséus, Bathydrilus asymmetricus Cook, and B. atlanticus Erséus. The depth distribution of all eleven deep‐sea tubificid species known to occur south of Massachusetts are briefly discussed.
Ultrastructure and Phylogenetic Significance of Notaspidean Spermatozoa (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Opisthobranchia)
Authors: HEALY JOHN M. , WILLAN RICHARD C.
Published: July 2005

Spermatozoa of five notaspidean opisthobranchs [Berthellina citrina, Berthella ornata, Pleuro‐branchus peroni, Pleurobranchaea maculata, Umbruculum sinicum] were examined using TEM. In all five species, the acrosome (sensu lato) consists of an apical vesicle (the acrosomal vesicle) and acrosomal pedestal. The acrosomal pedestal overlaps the nuclear apex, and in P. peroni (and possibly B. ornata) is periodically banded—‐the first reported incidence of this type of substructure in any euthyneuran acrosome. Although sperm nuclei of P. peroni, B. ornata and B. citrina differ in length and also the number of keels present (nucleus 7 μm long with four/five keels present in Pleurobranchus; 17 μm long with one keel in Berthella; 15 μm long with a very weak keel in Berthellina), the basal invagination to which the centriolar derivative, axoneme and coarse fibres are attached is always poorly developed, and very little overlap between nucleus and midpiece occurs. In P. maculata and U. sinicum, the nucleus forms a helical cord around the axoneme and mitochondrial derivative such that it is not possible to recognize exclusively ‘nuclear’ and ‘midpiece’ regions of the spermatozoon. In all notaspideans investigated, (1) the axoneme, coarse fibres and glycogen helix are enclosed by the paracrystalline and matrix components of the mitochondrial derivative and (2) a dense ring structure (attached to the plasma membrane) and glycogen piece are observed. While the glycogen piece is very short (0.85–1.43 μm) with a very degenerate axoneme in B. citrina, B. ornata and P. peroni, this region of the spermatozoan is well developed (30–35 μm long) in U. sinicum and exhibits a fully intact 9 + 2 axoneme. The ‘glycogen piece’(or its presumed homologue) in P. maculata spermatozoa is very short (0.65 μm), devoid of any axonemal remnant and constructed of a hollow, internal cylinder attached to an outer (incomplete) shell, and contains scattered (glycogen) granules. Spermatozoal structure supports a close relationship between the genera Berthellina, Berthella and Pleurobranchus. These three genera have more distant links with Pleurobranchaea, while Umbraculum maintains an isolated, specialized position within the Notaspidea.
Cichlid Fishes from the La Plata Basin. Part V. Description of Aequidens plagiozonatus sp.n. (Teleostei, Cichlidae) from the Paraguay River System
Authors: KULLANDER SVEN O.
Published: July 2005

Aequidens plagiozonatus sp.n. is described from 49 specimens collected in the northern Paraguay river system. It is the only known species of Aequidens Eigenmann & Bray in the La Plata basin. Distinguishing characteristics include the slanting vertical bars on the sides, discontinuous horizontal lateral band, immaculate or very sparsely dotted caudal fin and short pectoral fin.
Quelques Espèces du Genre Calydiscoides Young (Monogenea, Monopisthocotylea, Diplectanidae), Parasites de Perciformes du Récif de la Grande Barrière (Australie)
Authors: OLIVER GUY
Published: July 2005

The author points out some details in the description of Calydiscoides australis Young, 1960 and difficilis (Yamaguti, 1953) Young, 1969 and describes two new species. C. gussevi sp.n. and C. rohdei sp.n.
Harpacticoid Copepods Associated with Cnidarians in the Tropical Pacific Ocean
Authors: HUMES ARTHUR G.
Published: July 2005

Four harpacticoids, comprising 2 species of Tegastes, I species of Parategastes (Tegastidac) and I species of Alteuthellopsis (Peltidiidae), are reported as associates of cnidarians in the tropical Pacific Ocean: Tegastes gemmeus sp.n. from Cyphastrea ocellina and Montipora verrucosa (Scleractinia) in Hawaii, Tegastes paulipes sp.n. from Pocillopora verrucosa (Scleractinia) from Moorca, Parategastes conexus sp.n. from Stereonephthya ulicoides (Alcyonacea) from Poelau Gomumu in the Moluccas, and Alteuthellopsis corallina Humes, 1981, from Montipora verrilli (Scleractinia) at Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia.
The Term ‘Fossa Bridgei’ and Five Endocranial Fossae in Teleostome Fishes
Authors: BJERRING HANS C.
Published: July 2005

Laterally on each side of the dorsal surface of the otic region of the endocranium of some teleostome fishes are two distinct depressions. Nearly sixty years ago Stensiö regarded these depressions in the sturgeon Acipenser ruthenus as one unit and called it ‘fossa bridgei’. Since then this term has been employed by comparative ichthyologists in various meanings, which has hindered communication and interpretation. A disposal presented here eliminates this contusion and sheds light on the homologies of some of the fossae on the dorsal of the teleostome endocranium.
Olavius cornuatus sp.n. (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae) from Georges Bank (NW Atlantic)
Authors: DAVIS DALE
Published: July 2005

Olavius cornuatus sp.n. is described from Georges Bank off Massachusetts. It is distinguished from other species of Olavius Erséus, 1984 by its curved, horn‐shaped atria ending in large, protrusible penes and up to six ectally hooked penial setae per bundle.
The Use of Methyl Green as an Aid in Species Discrimination in Onuphidae (Annelida, Polychaeta)
Authors: WINSNES INGER M.
Published: July 2005

Samples of Onuphidae from the coast of Norway and the waters around Iceland and the Faeroes were treated with dark alcoholic solutions of Methyl Green, a nonpermanent stain, and then destained in 80% alcohol. The resultant staining patterns were used to subdivide the samples. Sarsonuphis quadricuspis (M. Sars), S. fiordicc (Fauchald), Nothria conchylega (M. Sars) and Onuphis opalina (Verrill) all showed characteristic patterns at the species level, whereas Hyalinoecia tubicola (O. F. Müller) and H. robusta Southward both showed similar staining patterns with no recognizable specific differences. However, these two species can be separated by several morphological characters.
Zur Anatomie und systematischen Stellung der Architectonicidae (Mollusca, Allogastropoda)
Authors: HASZPRUNAR GERHARD
Published: July 2005

The anatomy of the Architectonicidae is described. The family combines prosobranch and pentaganglionate (=euthyneuran) traits, but has evolved in a very specialized way as cnidaria‐feeders. There is no close relationship to the Epitoniidae, and the taxon ‘Heterogastropoda’ is regarded as artificial. The closest relatives of the Architectonicidae are the Mathildidae and the Pyramidellidae, all united in a taxon Allogastropoda. This taxon is regarded as a connecting link between basal marine Caenogastropoda and the most primitive Pentaganglionata (e.g. Acteon, Ringicula). The relationships of the Architectonicidae to the Rissoellidae and Omalogyridae are briefly discussed.
Marine Enchytraeids (Oligochaeta) of the Coastal Northwest Atlantic (Northern and Mid U.S.A.)
Authors: COATES KATHRYN A. , ERSÉUS CHRISTER
Published: July 2005

Nine species of subtidal marine Enchytraeidae of the genera Randidrilus gen.n., Marionina Michaelsen, 1889 and Grania Southern, 1913 are described from the continental shelf off the northeast U.S.A. Randidrilus is briefly defined as: marine enchytraeids lacking lateral (=dorsal) setae, but possessing single ventral setae; dorsal lobes of pharyngeal glands united; penial bulbs with two separate glandular masses, one anterior and one posterior; spermathecae connected to oesophagus, one pair in V or two pairs in V and VI. Two species are included, R. codensis (Lasserre, 1971) comb.n. and R. quadrithecatus sp.n., with, respectively, one and two pairs of spermathecae. Randidrilus is similar to Grania in setal numbers and general appearance but differs in possessing a distinct form of penial bulb, in overall setal distributions and in compactness of the pharyngeal glands. The description of Marionina welchi Lasserre, 1971 is amended slightly to indicate the occasional absence of setae in XI through XIV and the presence of small ‘diverticula’ on the ampullae of the spermathecae. Marionina diazi sp.n. is distinguished from M. welchi and from the other species by possessing single setae in ventral bundles only and very long spermathecae connected to the oesophagus at the posterior of VI. Five species of Grania, G. reducta sp.n, C. levis sp.n., G. atlantica sp.n., G. monospermatheca ErsCus & Lasserre, 1976 and G. longiducta Erséus & Lasserre, 1976, new rank, are described. Details of the structure of the male ducts and associated glands are very informative for the recognition of species. Grania levis, G. longiducta and G. monospermatheca all possess terminal ‘stylets’ on the vasa deferentia, the latter species, in addition, has muscularized vasa deferentia; G. reducra and G. atlantica lack such modifications. Grania levis is the first described species of Grania without setae. Grania atlantica is widely distributed in the Atlantic Ocean at depths from about 740 m to about 1800 m. Records of the other species are limited to the northwest Atlantic at depths less than 100 m.
Two New Genera of Braconinae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) from the Afrotropical Region
Authors: QUICKE DONALD L. J.
Published: July 2005

Paxillibracon gen.n. (type species: Merinotus tessmanni Szépligeti, 1914) from Spanish Guinea is described and illustrated. Paxillibracon is related to Bacuma Cameron, from which it is distinguished. Tsavobracon gen.n. (type species: Ipobracon erlangeri Szépligeti, 1914) from Somalia and Kenya is described and illustrated, and separated from Digonogastra Viereck. It is associated with the dry season fauna of semi‐arid areas.
The Spermatozoa of the Holothuroidea (Echinodermata): an Ultrastructural Review with Data on two Australian Species and Phylogenetic Discussion
Authors: JAMIESON BARRIE G. M.
Published: July 2005

Holothuroidea, like the Crinoidea, Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea have aquatic sperm with a subspherical nucleus in which is embedded a subspherical acrosome and its surrounding periacrosomal material. A ring‐shaped mitochondrion behind the nucleus surrounds two centrioles from the distal of which a 9 + 2 axoneme arises. The term “echinosperm” is proposed for this sperm type. Holothuroid echinosperm are characterized by anterior constriction of the periacrosomal fossa; a rounded posterior limit to the acrosome; absence of a distinct subacrosomal depression; outgrowth of a flagellar rootlet from the proximal centriole, of which vestigial homologues are known only in one crinoid and one echinoid. Modified sperm, though not greatly divergent from the echinosperm, are known in two holothuroids and one crinoid. The sperm of echinoids, which are not referable to the echinosperm, are considered plesiomorphic in failure of the acrosome to become embedded in the nucleus (a feature retained from an ancestry shared with enteropneusts), but apomorphic in the conical form of the nucleus and development of spine‐like structures around the anterior rim of the nucleus. Spermatozoa1 data suggest that the holothuroid‐crinozoan‐asterozoan assemblage is the sister group of the Echinoidea. Inclusion of holothuroids in the Echinozoa is not supported.