bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unilateral atlanto-occipital injury
Authors: Lepard Jacob Richard , Reed Logan A. , Theiss Steven M. , Rajaram Sakthi Rajan
Published: September 2022

Context

Atlanto-occipital dissociation is a highly lethal ligamentous injury at the craniocervical junction (CCJ). Previous studies have described rare cases of milder forms of atlanto-occipital injury (AOI) which might be managed nonoperatively, but there is a paucity of literature on this subject.

Aims:

We retrospectively reviewed our institutional experience to characterize the injury patterns, treatments, and clinical courses of patients with unilateral AOI.

Methods:

We included patients with radiographic evidence of unilateral occipitocervical joint capsular disruption, distraction, or edema ± injury of the apical ligament, tectorial membrane, anterior atlanto-occipital membrane, posterior atlanto-occipital membrane, alar ligaments, or cruciate ligament. The long-term outcomes were gathered from medical records, and six patients were available for Neck Disability Index via phone call at the time of the study.

Results:

Eight patients were included in the study. The mean age was 45.1 years ± 26.5. Causes of trauma included motor vehicle collision for five patients (5/8, 62.5%), falls for two (2/8, 25), and assault for one (1/8, 12.5%). All patients had a widened condyle-C1 interval >2 mm. Three patients underwent occipitocervical fusion, one patient underwent atlantoaxial fusion, and another received subaxial fusions for other injuries. Three patients underwent no surgical intervention. All patients were seen at least once as an outpatient following hospital discharge. There were no delayed neurologic injuries or deaths.

Conclusions:

We propose that ligamentous injury at the CCJ functions more as a spectrum rather than dichotomous diagnosis, of which a subset can likely be safely managed nonoperatively.
Determinants of quality of life in patients with hemorrhagic stroke, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Almrzouqi Hneen , Albogmi Afaf , Meer Nuha , Bukhari Raghad , Alzahrani Reem , Alnajashi Hind
Published: September 2022

Background:

Previous studies demonstrated that stroke had an inverse impact on patients’ physical, mental, and social quality of life.

Aim:

To determine factors contributing to the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of Saudi hemorrhagic stroke survivors.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was done at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH), Jeddah, KSA, on adult stroke patients. Data about the patients’ socio-demographic characters and clinical data were obtained. The Stroke-Specific QOL (SSQOL) scale was used to measure the HRQOL.

Results:

The mean Stroke-Specific QOL (SSQOL) domains sore was 163.8 ± 46.29. Male patients and those who had bilateral lesions had a significantly higher mean SSQOL score. A non-significant positive correlation was found between the SSQOL score and the patients’ age and post-stroke duration. And a non-significant relationship was found between mean SSQOL score and patients’ nationality, educational level, smoking, marital and financial status, income, social support, insurance or other clinical data, hemorrhagic type, surgical treatment and follow up, comorbidities, or the year and duration of diagnosis.

Conclusion:

There is a need to use stroke rehabilitation programs to improve physical and functional independence and take into account the influence of the side of lesion on HRQOL.
Prevalence of burnout and its impact on self-reported patient care among primary health care physicians at King Abdul-Aziz Medical City in Riyadh region
Authors: Alshreem Rawan Muraya , Baraja Muneera , Almogbel Ebtehal Solaiman
Published: September 2022

Background:

Burnout is known worldwide as a work-related syndrome associated with physical illness and mental health problems. It has a significant impact on doctors’ health and patient care.

Aim:

To assess the prevalence of burnout, its associated risk factors, and its impact on self-reported patient care among the doctors of the Family Medicine Department in King Abdul-Aziz Medical City (KAMC), Riyadh.

Method:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 physicians. Data were collected using the 22-items Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) to measure emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal achievement as well as questions about demographic factors, work characteristics, and impact of burnout on self-reported patient care.

Results:

A total of 150 physicians responded to the questionnaire. In terms of high burnout, 32 doctors (21.3%) had emotional exhaustion, 57 doctors (38%) had depersonalization, and 41 doctors (27.3%) scored low for personal achievement. Staff physicians had high emotional exhaustion (27.8%, P = 0.028), family medicine residents, however, reported higher depersonalization and low personal achievement (42.9%, 45.7%, P = 0.675, P = 0.009, respectively). Being a staff physician, military, with long years in practice, working more than 8 hours per day, and covering ER shifts were strongly associated with a high level of burnout. High-level burnout demonstrated a statistically significant impact on patient care with suboptimal performance among the doctors of this study.

Conclusion:

Burnout seems to be a common problem in family medicine doctors at KAMC. It was associated with personal and workload indicators affecting their self-reported patient care significantly.
Clinical and endoscopic study of dyspepsia in overweight and obese patients
Authors: Basha K.M. Farhanulla , Vaishnav Bhumika T. , Sharma Pragya , Thakkar Nirali , Kartheek Minna
Published: September 2022

Objectives:

Globally, the prevalence of obesity is increasing at an alarming rate. Obese patients often suffer from chronic dyspeptic symptoms. The aim of the study was to know the gross and histologic upper gastrointestinal mucosal changes and the prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori (H. Pylori) infection in overweight and obese dyspeptic patients.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional, observational study was done on 100 patients with dyspepsia and a body mass index (BMI) of ³25 kg/m2. The study was done between August 2019 and September 2021 at a tertiary care hospital in Maharashtra, India.

Statistical Analysis:

Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney test, and Fischer exact tests were applied to study the association between categorical variables. A P value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant with a confidence level of 95%.

Results:

There were 59 males and 41 females. The mean age of the study subjects was 41.95 ± 12.32 years and the age range was 19–67 years. The maximum number of patients (36%) were in the age group of 50–59 years. Hypertension (45%) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (30%) were the common comorbidities present. Heartburn and regurgitation were the most common symptoms, present in 37% and 35% of the subjects, respectively. Inflammatory lesions oesophagitis (28%) and gastritis (43%) were the common findings in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGIE). The stomach was the most common site with lesions. On histopathological examination, erosive gastritis (33%) and oesophagitis (28%) were confirmed. A total of 86% of obese subjects had at least one grossly abnormal finding. The prevalence of H. Pylori was 32%. Obese subjects had significantly more abnormal findings on UGIE compared to overweight subjects (P < 0.05). Obese patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus had significantly abnormal findings on UGIE compared to non-diabetic obese patients (P < 0.05). Obese patients with higher body mass index (BMI) and the presence of H. Pylori infection were more likely to have abnormal UGIE findings.

Conclusions:

Inflammatory and erosive lesions of the stomach and oesophagus are more common in obese dyspeptic patients. UGIE should be the investigation of choice and should be performed in overweight and obese patients with dyspepsia to predict and prevent Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders and their related complications.
Complete heart block in COVID-19 without prior cardiac disease
Authors: NP Kavya , Sudan Aditya , Patel Nupur B , Panda Prasan K.
Published: September 2022

Cardiac involvement in COVID-19 is not rare but underdiagnosed. We report a 78-year-old man with COVID-19 and complete heart block, timely managed by teamwork involving internist, cardiologist, and intensivist. This case highlights the importance of involvement of the conducting system of the heart in COVID-19 that needs immediate life-saving intervention, especially in community.
Psychometric properties of the Tamil version of Perceived Stress Scale among diabetes mellitus patients in Puducherry, South India
Authors: Rajaa Sathish , Krishnamoorthy Yuvaraj , Ramakrishnan Jayalakshmy
Published: September 2022

Introduction:

Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), developed in 1983, is one among the widely used global scales to assess the perceived psychological stress status. Hence, our study aimed at developing a Tamil version of THE 10-item PSS (TPSS-10) and assess its construct validity and internal consistency among patients with diabetes in Puducherry, South India.

Methods:

We translated the TPSS-10 by language experts and pilot-tested the sample with a subsample of diabetes patients. The finalized version of TPSS-10 was administered to 117 Tamil-speaking diabetic patients availing services from the rural health center in Puducherry, South India. Construct validity was assessed using the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and the principal component analysis (PCA). A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was also done to obtain the goodness-of-fit. Reliability of questionnaire was evaluated by Cronbach’s alpha.

Results:

Two factors were obtained with Eigenvalues of 4.61 and 2.16. Both factors explained 67.8% of the total variance. The two-factor model assessed by CFA found a χ2 value of 714.99 (P < 0.001). Goodness-of-fit revealed acceptable comparative fit indices (0.93). The reliability coefficient (Cronbach’s alpha) for complete TPSS-10 was 0.86, indicating good internal consistency.

Discussion:

Our study concludes that the TPSS-10 questionnaire is internally valid and consistent with good reliability coefficient after its administration to Tamil-speaking urban diabetic patients in order to measure perceived stress. However, further research is warranted to content-validate the tool with a standard diagnostic instrument.
COVID-19 presenting as acute adominal pain: A case series
Authors: Balakrishana Arjun Mallasandra , Usmani Saad H. , Mahto Subodh Kumar , Gupta Kritika , Kant Nishi , Pasricha Nitasha
Published: September 2022

The coronavirus infection presents primarily as a respiratory illness, however, extra-pulmonary manifestations are known to occur, including gastrointestinal manifestations. Hereby, we report three cases of the COVID-19 infection who presented with acute-onset abdominal pain during illness. All three patients had respiratory symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 and abdominal symptoms consistent with acute pancreatitis, acute cholecystitis, and acute appendicitis. All three patients improved in terms of acute abdominal pain; however, the overall clinical course, the three illnesses were variable because of differences in underlying organ involment and pathophysiology.
Cancer prevention and control in India can get a boost through primary health care-based approach: A review
Authors: Lohiya Ayush , Daniel Roy A. , Smith Robert D. , Nagar Mukesh , Shankar Abhishek , Lahariya Chandrakant
Published: September 2022

India has a rising burden of cancer with an estimated 70% of the cancers caused by modifiable and preventable risk factors. This review was conducted to document the status, analyse the situation and propose the way forward for cancer prevention in India. A desk review of the online databases and reports from the government websites was conducted. The ongoing initiatives including cancer registries, medical and health education and training, and community-based programmes were analysed. This review was done from July 2019 to February 2021. Cancers of the breast, cervix, and lip and oral cavity are the three most common malignancies, with distinct regional variations in India and account for 34% of the 1.15 million cancer cases diagnosed annually. The major initiatives were focused initially on cancer treatment and prevention was added nearly a decade ago. Even with those, the scope and coverage of cancer prevention and treatment services has remained in hospitals and urban settings. India needs to build upon the ongoing approach which seems to be focused on “tracking the cancer, teaching the future and helping the masses” by implementing non-vertical primary healthcare cancer prevention and control approach. Cancer prevention should be made an integral part of the health interventions, rapidly extended to primary healthcare services and facilities, linked with specialised treatment facilities, as India aims for universal health coverage. The opportunity provided by the Ayushman Bharat Programme launched in 2018 should be leveraged for rapid expansion and effective coverage of cancer prevention and treatment interventions in India.
A cross sectional study on evaluating the corneal endothelial cell density and central corneal thickness in eyes with primary glaucoma
Authors: Sugumaran Asvini , Devasena Meera A. , Thomas Mary , Periyathambi Dharssana
Published: September 2022

Background:

This study aims at evaluating glaucoma-induced damage to the corneal endothelium and the effect of central corneal thickness (CCT) on the intra-ocular pressure (IOP) measurement in patients newly diagnosed with primary glaucoma.

Methods:

It is a hospital-based cross-sectional study involving 60 newly diagnosed primary glaucoma patients >18 years. They underwent fundus examination, four-mirror gonioscopy, and perimetry for confirming the diagnosis. Evaluation and analysis of corneal endothelial cell density and CCT were performed. Chi square test was performed to find out the association between glaucoma, corneal endothelial cell density, and CCT.

Results:

Evaluation of 60 patients revealed that by age distribution, the corneal endothelial cell density was lower in the 51–65 year age group and an age-related decrease in corneal endothelial cell density and CCT was found in newly diagnosed primary glaucoma patients. The mean CCT was 525 micrometers in patients with IOP between 20 to 40 mm Hg and 528 micrometers in patients with IOP between 41 to 60 mm Hg. The mean corneal endothelial cell density was 2361 cells/mm2 in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and 2284 cells/mm2 in primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG). The mean CCT was 525 micrometers in POAG and 528 micrometers in PACG.

Conclusions:

The corneal endothelial cell density was lower in patients with PACG when compared with POAG, and the average CCT showed no significant difference in POAG and PACG patients. However, CCT was increased in patients with a higher intra-ocular pressure. The corneal endothelial cell density was lower in patients with a high intra-ocular pressure.
Congenital granular cell tumor in a 2-day-old infant—An unusual situation of a dental emergency
Authors: G Sajan Anand , V Phani Himaja Devi , Palla Santosh , Pratti Sesha Deepthi
Published: September 2022

Congenital granular cell tumor (CGCT) in newborns is a rare tumor occurring in the oral cavity, leading to difficulty in breast-feeding, mouth closure, and even respiration. This is rarely diagnosed perinatally and may be confused with a wide range of congenital, benign, or malignant growths during the clinical examination. The CGCT may be studied by ultrasonography to get a positive affirmation on the clinical diagnosis and, for basic pre-surgical guidance before excision. A histological study is needed to provide a final diagnosis and rule out any possible aggressive tumors. The report highlights the role of dental surgeons and clinical pathologists in providing prompt primary care for an unusual pediatric swelling under rural Indian settings.
Study of electrolyte disturbance in chronic liver disease patients attending a hospital in Kumaon region
Authors: Singh Yatendra , Nagar Dilwer , Singh Makrand , Maroof Mohd
Published: September 2022

Introduction:

Pathophysiological changes secondary to cirrhosis predispose patients of chronic liver disease to develop various electrolyte disturbances which have a significant impact on morbidity, mortality, and prognosis of these patients. This study aims to estimate the level of electrolyte disturbance and its association with the severity, complication, and outcome in chronic liver disease patients attending a hospital in the Kumaon region of Uttarakhand.

Methods:

Our study was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted on 100 chronic liver disease patients at the OPD/IPD Department of Medicine, Dr. Sushila Tiwari Hospital, Haldwani, Uttarakhand, from January 2020 to September 2021.

Results:

Hyponatremia was observed in 49% of the patients, hypokalemia in 30%, and hypocalcemia in 16% of the patients. The electrolyte levels were similar irrespective of the disease severity and presence of complications. The sodium and potassium levels had a significant association with the outcomes.

Conclusion:

Hyponatremia was the commonest electrolyte disturbance seen in the study patients. No significant association was observed between the electrolyte and severity of the disease and complications.
A study of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-liver fat score in overweight and obese individuals
Authors: Koneru Kavya , Bhatt Varsha , Kakrani Arjun , Edara Manaswini , Reddy Vuluvala T. , Jawade Pranav Gopal
Published: September 2022

Background:

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the commonest liver pathologies and is increasing due to increasing obesity. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-liver fat score is a non-invasive diagnostic tool with a sensitivity and specificity of 95%.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional observational study on 50 overweight and obese individuals with a body mass index (BMI) of more than or equal to 25 kg/m2 and fatty liver on ultrasonography (USG). Alcoholics (≥30 g/day for men and ≥20 g/day for women), other etiologies like drugs and patients who had bowel resection surgeries for obesity were excluded from the study. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-liver fat score of more than -0.64 ruled in NAFLD. Data were entered into Microsoft Excel and analyzed using the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) Software 20.

Results:

About 33/50 patients had a score of more than -0.64. Metabolic syndrome was present in 29 (58%), dyslipidemia in 38 (76%), and diabetes mellitus (46%) was the commonest comorbidity. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean age, weight, BMI, blood pressure, liver enzymes, fasting lipid profile, serum albumin, glycosylated Hemoglobin A1C (HBA1C), international normalised ratio (INR), and fasting blood sugars between the two groups with scores >-0.64 and ≤-0.64. There was a negative correlation of high-density lipoprotein and a positive correlation of liver enzymes, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, fasting blood sugar level, and HBA1c with a score of >-0.64.

Conclusion:

Higher BMI, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia were significantly associated with a score of >-0.64. This score confirmed the ultrasonographically diagnosed fatty liver.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice of antibiotics use among primary healthcare physicians, Ministry of Health, Jeddah
Authors: Althagafi Nehal Saad , Othman Sahar Shafik
Published: September 2022

Background:

Overuse of antibiotics is considered a major public health problem on a global level and leads to existence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains in all settings.

Objectives:

To explore the knowledge, attitude, and practice of primary healthcare physicians regarding antibiotic use.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted at a random sample of primary healthcare centers (PHCCs), belonging to Ministry of Health, in the city of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. All primary healthcare physicians working at chosen PHCCs were recruited. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. It includes five sections; socio-demographic characteristics of physicians, 11 statements to assess knowledge about antibiotic use, 6 statements to assess attitude toward antibiotic use, 6 statements concerning practice of antibiotic prescription, and 12 statements about factors influencing antibiotic prescription.

Results:

The study included 163 primary care physicians. The age of 58.9% ranged between 31 and 40 years. Approximately two-thirds of them were females (64.4%), and majority were Saudi nationals (98.8%). History of attending training courses in antibiotic use and resistance was reported by 47.9% of the physicians. The median (Interquartile range) of knowledge score percentage was 63.64 (45.45-81.82). It was abnormally distributed (p-value of Shapiro–Wilk test was 0.001). Physicians who reported previous attendance of courses in antibiotic use and resistance were more knowledgeable regarding antibiotics use and resistance compared to those who did not attend such courses (Mean ranks were 91.04 and 73.70, respectively (p = 0.018)). Most of the physicians agreed that taking antibiotics as prescribed minimize its side effects (81.6%), and taking antibiotics without rationale indication increase its side effects (81%). Male physicians were more likely than females to agree that use of antibiotics in case of viral infection prevents secondary bacterial infection (27.6% versus 10.5%), P < 0.001. Majority of the participants would increase antibiotic prescription in cases of purulent discharge (83.5%) and to prevent complications (71.1%).

Conclusion:

Knowledge and practice of primary healthcare physicians in Jeddah city regarding antibiotics use and resistance needs improvement. However their attitude toward them was acceptable. Improvement of their knowledge and continuous monitoring of their practice in this regard are warranted.
The prevalence and determinants of anterior cruciate ligament rupture among athletes practicing football in Jeddah Avenues 2020
Authors: Alqarni Fahad Salem , Alshehri Khalid Omair , Alotaibi Turki Muteb , Alsulami Assaf Nahar , Alshehri Abdulaziz Omair , Aseri Khaled Saeed
Published: September 2022

Background:

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear is a common sport injury and one of the most serious sport injuries affecting non-professionals and professional athletes. It is most commonly torn during sports that involve sudden stops and changes in direction such as football.

Objective:

To measure the prevalence and determinants of anterior cruciate ligament rupture as well as assess knowledge about it among young adult athletes practicing football.

Materials and Methods:

An analytical cross-sectional study based on a questionnaire was carried out during the period from December 2019 to March 2020 among a sample of Saudi athletes recruited from natural grass, artificial turf, and dirt football fields in the Jeddah region. A structured questionnaire composed of four parts was used to collect data: socio-demographic variables, questions to assess awareness and knowledge of ACL, questions to assess the prevalence and determinants of ACL, and description of cases and the Arabic version of the Lysholm Knee Score (LKS) to assess the impact of ACL injury on patients’ daily life.

Results:

The study included 320 participants. Their age ranged between 15 and 40 years with an arithmetic mean of 27.9 and a standard deviation of ±6.8 years. The majority of them were males (97.8%). The prevalence of ACL injury was 14.7% among the participants; it was significantly higher among overweight and obese subjects (P = 0.042) as well as those who reported more than 10 training weekly hours (P = 0.034). Most of the playgrounds at the time of injury were either artificial turf (44.7%) or dirt football fields (34%). Overall, the level of adequate knowledge about ACL was observed among most of the participants (70.3%). The only factor significantly associated with the level of participants’ knowledge about ACL was the level of physical activity, P = 0.011. The total of LKS ranged between 21 and 100 with a median (inter-quartile range) of 82.5 (57–91).

Conclusion:

The prevalence rate of ACL injury among athletes in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, is within the world wide range. Their awareness and knowledge of ACL are encouraging, although some risk factors were not well known. The quality of life of injured athletes was high, irrespective of demographic as well as physical factors and the history of surgical repair.
Diabetes in pregnancy study group of India, the answer for gestational diabetes mellitus diagnosis dilemma: May be not!!!!
Authors: Gupta Arpit , Daga Prachi
Published: September 2022

Introduction:

For many years, there has been a lack of consensus over the appropriate diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and the significance of the diagnosis. Multiple guidelines on diagnostic criteria across the world have complicated the diagnosis and further management of the disease, also complicating the healthcare delivery system.

Aim:

To compare the prevalence of GDM according to Modified Carpenter & Coustan, International association of Diabetes & Pregnancy Group (IADPSG) and DIPSI.

Settings and Design:

It was cross sectional observational study, conducted at KGMU, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh between Aug 2016 and Sept 2017. 162 patients were enrolled after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Methods and Material:

The study population was derived by screening pregnant females attending for their routine antenatal check up from 24 to 28 weeks of gestation. Plasma glucose levels was measured following 8hrs of overnight fasting. The pregnant females were given 82.5 glucose (equivalent to 75gm anhydrous glucose). Venous blood sample was collected for estimating plasma glucose at 0,1and 2hr.

Results:

In our study the prevalence of GDM among study population according to IADPSG criteria was 22.64%, as per Modified Carpenter & Coustan criteria was 17.61% while that as per DIPSI criteria was 13.21%.

Conclusions:

Considering IADPSG criteria as gold standard DIPSI is missing 66.6% of patients diagnosed as GDM by IADPSG. Considering Modified C&C criteria as gold standard over the years DIPSI is missing 64.2% of patients diagnosed as GDM by C&C.
The role of military medicine and the significance of training military medicine
Authors: Raeeszadeh Mohammad , Goodarzi Hassan , Moghaddam Jamal Akhavan , Bahaghighat Machian Mohamad Sadegh , Gooshki Hossein Shamsi , Khoshi Abolfazl
Published: September 2022

Military forces are exposed to various kinds of special diseases for their occupational condition. As an academic discipline, Military Medicine serves to meet the healthcare needs of the forces. Professional Military Medicine has started working nearly from modern wars time in the 20th century. Regarding the growing global trends of war, terrorism, and natural disasters as well as modern changes in war strategies, weapons, and their consequences, Military Medicine is undergoing an evolution process. This review study was conducted to investigate the role and place of Military Medicine and the related approaches, medical curriculum, and the priority of developing specialized academic subfields of Military Medicine in Iran. Military physicians are in great need of knowledge, attitude, and skills. Today, Military Medicine includes a specialized approach, mobility, resuscitation, and stabilization of the injured as well as pre-hospital practices. Developing a specialized field for military emergency medicine with a special curriculum has been a priority in Iran that can meet the requirements of military forces for successful missions. Medical medicine departments of Military Medicine schools require new educational plans and curricula with specialized Military Medicine approaches and developments based on emerging needs. The most appropriate and the best option for military missions and emergencies in Iran is the physicians educated and specialized in Military Medicine.
Normalized COVID-19 prevention and control management
Authors: Ren Yu , Luo Hua
Published: September 2022

When the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) virus swept the world in December 2019, it brought widespread side-effects. While there is no specific treatment for COVID-19, individuals and collectives often respond rapidly to develop a routine, making the prevention and control of COVID-19 normalized and institutionalized and creating vaccines successfully in a short time. However, this situation also exposed a spectrum of problems triggered by lockdown, isolation, and vaccinations. Herein, we analyze the prevention management of COVID-19 from epidemic psychology in order to provide a new sight for overcoming the psychological problems of COVID-19.
Clinico-dermatologic patterns of Paederus dermatitis in a teaching hospital, South India
Authors: Kumaraguru Akila , Ramalingam Rajalakshmi , Thangaraj Prabha , Seethalakshmi Rajanga Sekar , Balasubramanian Narasimman
Published: September 2022

Background:

Paederus dermatitis (PD) is common skin condition occurring in South India caused due to contact with Rove beetle. It is often misdiagnosed due to wide difference in its presentation. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical, sociodemographic, and environmental condition of patient’s presenting with PD.

Methodology:

A descriptive study was done among all patients diagnosed of PD at the Dermatology department of a teaching hospital in Trichy, South India, between January and December 2020. A detailed clinical history, examination of the lesion, and systemic examination was done. Patients were followed-up after 1 week to re-assess the lesion. A total of 117 cases were included in the final analysis.

Results:

The mean age of patients was 24.54 ± 11.8 years. Female were 51% with 84.6% residing in rural area. Majority of the cases presented between January and May. Presence of thick vegetation (85.5%) and sleeping with windows open (60.7%) were found to be the common risk factors. Most patients reported noticing the lesion in the morning with sudden onset associated with redness and tenderness with a bizarre pattern of lesion. Face, neck, and upper extremity were the most affected sites with burning sensation and itching, experienced by 82.1% and 76.1%, respectively. Ocular involvement with peri-orbital odema was seen among 17% of cases. Post-inflammatory pigmentation was present in 92.1% patients.

Conclusion:

PD present has a varying degree of skin lesions with absence of the typical linear pattern. Knowledge of its presentation is important to avoid misdiagnosis.
Solitary intraosseous schwannoma of cervical spine
Authors: Sawakare Yogesh Madhukar , Patil Sagar , Velho Vernon
Published: September 2022

Intraosseous schwannoma in the spine is a rare tumor. Complete resection is mandatory for avoiding recurrence in such cases. Resection followed by stabilization was very important in this case as the cervical vertebra was destroyed completely. Postsurgery patients had significant improvement in neurological symptoms.
COVID-19 Pandemic Response by India and Future Directions
Authors: Kapoor Suraj
Published: September 2022

Introduction:

It has been more than a year since COVID-19 was declared Pandemic by WHO on 11 March 20. India with the initial slow rise of cases had a peak of cases at around September 20 followed by a gradual fall in the number of new cases and faced the second wave with the rising number of cases from March 21 to July 21. There is limited literature examining the pandemic response in India considering policies adopted, economic factors, health-care capacity factors of selected states influencing the variation of the spread of infection in various states. Hence, this study is conducted to understand COVID response, policies adopted by India, and lessons learned.

Materials and Methods:

This is a descriptive study conducted across the country covering important states covering the period from January 2020 to September 2021. States were selected based on high caseload, high test positivity ratio. Data for the study are compiled from the health bulletins, official handles of health ministries, WHO, World bank, Worldometer, John Hopkins University Centre for Science and Engineering, NFHS 5, etc.,

Results:

On comparing key epidemiological indicators of selected states, Maharashtra has the largest number of cases with the highest Case fatality rate (CFR). Kerala has the second-highest cases among selected states but with the least CFR. On comparing key sociodemographic factors, Kerala has a maximum literacy rate and elderly population, while Delhi has maximum Population density. Despite having maximum risk factors such as the prevalence of diabetes, obesity, and hypertension, Kerala managed to have the least CFR. The reason may be due to the robust surveillance system, high literacy rate, and good doctor–patient ratio comparing other states. Maharashtra the worst affected state managed to do better in the second wave in respect of oxygen supply and vaccination drive.

Conclusion:

Full lockdowns and early border closures appeared to lessen the peak of transmission and thus prevent health system overcapacity. However, these measures had an impact on the lives of people as well as the economy of the countries. Addressing vaccination drive issues such as supply chain and manufacturing capacity, focussing on the young and pediatric population as well as focussed cluster containment strategies seems to be the most effective strategy to combat the anticipated third wave.
Noncommunicable Disease Program for Blood Pressure Ontrol in Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Pattabhi Kamaraj , Selvam Jerard , Sivalingam Azhagendran , Pal Piyalee , Kasivishwanathan Savitha , Arunachalam Suresh , Selvavinayagam T. S. , Kaur Prabhdeep
Published: September 2022

Background:

Despite advances in hypertension care, developing countries have a high burden of uncontrolled blood pressure (BP). The Government of Tamil Nadu, India, initiated a noncommunicable disease program to improve hypertension management in public facilities.

Method:

We conducted cross-sectional surveys at baseline and follow-up to evaluate BP control after a multipronged intervention among patients with hypertension visiting public health facilities in Tamil Nadu. The intervention included protocol-based hypertension treatment, lifestyle counseling and monitoring by trained nurses, alongside monthly free drug refills. Descriptive statistics and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for BP control were analyzed.

Results:

We surveyed 923 patients at baseline and 941 at follow-up. Most patients were over 60 years of age, with female predominance. Proportion of patients dispensed drugs for 30 days increased at follow-up (84.5%) compared to baseline (11.4%) (P < 0.01). Proportion of patients with BP control was 32.4% at baseline and 40.5% at follow-up (P < 0.001). AOR for BP control at follow-up was 1.4 (95% confidence interval 1.1–1.7, P < 0.05) after adjusting for age, sex, type of facility, and the number of drugs.

Conclusion:

Focussing on accessibility, availability, and affordability, the program facilitated the provision of free drugs and counseling, resulting in optimal BP control. Encouraging physician adherence to protocols and task sharing with nurses can help streamline sustainable hypertension management.
Effects of Potassium Diformate (KDF) on Growth Performance and Some Physiological Parameters of Cultured Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Commercial–Scaled Net Cages
Authors: Engin Serhat , Altan Ozgur
Published: September 2022

This study was conducted to evaluate the feed utilization and protein effect ratios of combined and single diet administration of potassium di formate (KDF) in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). 600.000 trout fry were stocked as 50.000 in each cage and were fed 3 meals a day in the range of 25-80 grams and two meals a day up to 80-250 grams (until harvest time) and fed with commercial feeds until satiation. 3 kg/ton (T1), 5kg/ton (T2) and 7 kg/ton (T3) KDF were added to the diets and given to fish for 11 months. In the study, when the specific growth rates (SGR) of fish were compared, the results obtained in the T1, T2 and T3 groups were generally higher than in the control group. While no significant difference was found between T1 and T2 groups (p>0.05), there is a significant difference between T3, the other experimental groups and the control (p<0.05). In the study, a significant difference was found between the feed conversion rate (FCR of all groups, (p<0.05)). When the protein efficiency ratio (PER) was compared to the control group and the other groups, a significant difference was detected, while the same situation was found among the KDF supplemented groups (p<0.05). While the survival rate (SR) was significantly different between the control and experimental groups (p<0.05), there was no statistical difference between the experimental groups (p>0.05). The results of the study showed that the application of 7 kg/ton KDF can be considered a useful feed additive and a growth promoter for rainbow trout juveniles.
Molecular Diversity of Far-Eastern Trematodes of the Genus Crepidsotomum (Allocreadiidae) by Means of Nuclear 28S rRNA and Mitochondrial COI Gene Sequences
Authors: Atopkin Dmitry
Published: September 2022

The ribosomal 28S rRNA and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene fragments variation of several Crepidostomum species, collected from different fish species in Japan and south of Russian Far East, was estimated. On the basis of these data, taxonomical and population genetic structure conclusions for these trematodes were studied. Results of the analysis of the COI gene-based median-joining network indicate the presence of at least five groups of haplotypes that can be distinguished on the basis of definitive host-specificity. Genetic differentiation between these groups has been estimated. Occurrence of C. metoecus and C. farionis and the presence of at least one new Crepidostomum species in Japanese parasite fauna have been confirmed. Ribosomal 28S rDNA-based median-joining analysis indicates low diversity of several Crepidostomum species, reported in latest studies. Critical comments about the evidence of validity of the genus Stephanophiala and species Crepidostomum nemachilus were provided.
Image Analysis to Determine Length-Weight and Area-Weight Relationships, and Color Differences in Scaled Carp and Mirror Carp Grown in Fiberglass and Concrete Tanks
Authors: Gumus Bahar , Gumus Erkan , Balaban Murat O.
Published: September 2022

Sixty scaled carp Cyprinus carpio and sixty mirror carp Cyprinus carpio carpio were raised in fiberglass and concrete tanks. Fish pictures were taken by a digital camera in a lightbox. Image analysis was used to determine length-weight and view area-weight relationships. Length-weight data were fitted to a power equation: (Weight W) = A (Length L)B. R2 ranged from 0.838 to 0.959. Based on the B values, scaled and mirror carps reared in the fiberglass tank showed a negative allometric growth while this was positive for the fish in the concrete tank. For the view area (V)-weight relationship, linear (W = A + BV), and second order polynomial equations were used in addition to the power equation. The R2 values for these equations ranged from 0.916 to 0.995. Skin color was measured by image analysis. Both scaled and mirror carp reared in concrete tanks had L*, a* and b* values significantly higher than those reared in fiberglass tanks (P < .05). Also, the fish reared in fiberglass tanks tended to have less weight for the same view area, compared to those reared in concrete tanks.
Effects of Dietary Detoxified Jatropha curcas Protein Isolate on Some Physiological Parameters, Intestine, and Liver Morphology of Labeo rohita Fingerlings
Authors: Fawole Femi J. , Sahu Narottam P. , Shamna Nazeemashahul , Adeoye Ayodeji A. , Phulia Vikas , Emikpe Benjamin O.
Published: September 2022

The rising cost of aquafeed ingredients as global aquaculture expands has led researchers to look for other ingredient sources that are not in conflict with human food. In this regard, this study examined the possibility of incorporating detoxified jatropha protein isolate (JP) into the diet of Labeo rohita (rohu) and the effect on the haematology, innate immunity, and organ integrity. A total of 216 fish (3.25 ± 0.02 g/fish) were randomly distributed in 15 tanks and fed for 60 days. The control diet was formulated with soy protein isolate (SP) and gradually replaced with JP at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The results showed that the red blood cell (RBC) and haemoglobin (Hb) were not significantly influenced (p > 0.05). White blood cell (WBC) counts registered a significant overall effect and followed a quadratic trend (p = 0.001), while the haematocrit value showed overall significant effects (p < 0.05) but no linear or quadratic trends were observed (p > 0.05). Serum lysozyme activity increased with increasing JP level (p = 0.002), but the total immunoglobulin value was significantly higher in fish fed JP 100. The respiratory burst activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase, and catalase enzyme activities among the various groups did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). Compared to the control, the photomicrograph of the mid-intestine and liver of fish fed a JP-based diet showed no inflammatory or degenerative changes. In summary, the substitution of SP in the diet with JP improved the innate immunity of L. rohita without any negative impact on the blood profile or the histoarchitectural structure of the liver.
Unpacking the history of the Blantyre Synod of Church of Central Africa Presbyterian (CCAP) in Malawi
Authors: Zgambo Rev. Dr. Humphreys Frackson
Published: September 2022

The study explores the historical origin and developments that led to the establishment of the CCAP Blantyre Synod in Malawi from early 1876 to the present. History can be a certain type of memory that evokes liberative power, not mere knowledge of the past, but one that is of commitment. Mission history, with reference to the study of Christianity in Africa requires a new approach to mission historiography, “a more honest and more critical review of the theoretical and socio-theological assumptions out of which the African church as it is today, in its fragmented state, has been formed” (Maluleke, 1989:103). The aim of the study to investigate, scrutinize and chronologically analyse the history of the Blantyre Synod of the Church of Central Africa Presbyterian (CCAP) in Malawi from the early years of its original establishment to the present state in the reformed church perspective.
Power dynamics among Pentecostal prophets in New Prophetic Churches: An African Christocentric missional approach
Authors: Kgatle Prof. Mookgo Solomon
Published: September 2022

New prophetic churches are in continuity with the African Traditional Religions in tracing the challenges that many Africans face today to the spirit world. These churches make a
connection between the challenges of sicknesses, joblessness, barrenness, and so forth, with witchcraft in the spirit world captured in the Nguni saying “uthakathiwe” meaning “you are bewitched”. Instead of linking these problems to socio-historical, socio-political, and socioeconomic causative factors in the continent, they would rather link them to the spirit world. Furthermore, the Pentecostal prophets in these churches blame the believers for not being able to deal with the challenges. This article problematizes this blame-shifting approach as it presents power dynamics in these churches. The article argues that in shifting the blame to the congregants, the Pentecostal prophets seek to remain or appear as powerful to their congregants. An African Christocentric missional approach is proposed as a theoretical framework that centres power on Christ than on the Pentecostal prophet in Africa.
Afektivna kultura kao posljedica medijatizacije emocija
Authors: Bulatović Goran , Lj. Bulatović Ljiljana
Published: September 2022

Tehnološke inovacije i digitalizacija medijskog ekosistema, mobilnost, dostupnost, prisnost i individualizacija sadržaja utjecali su na promjenu modela medijskog izvještavanja i kulturu komunikacije. U ovom radu razmatramo praksu medijatiziranja emocija kroz afektivne vijesti kao generatore konstruiranja afektivne kulture, ukazujemo na način djelovanja medijatizirane afektivne kulture i njenih najvažnijih karakteristika - diskursa, poravnavanja i pripadanja. Djelujući prema logici medija umjesto prema vlastitoj, medijatiziranoj emociji i javni afekti sve češće postaju tema i suština vijesti i novinarskih priča, pa se umjesto provjerenih činjenica nude javnosti kao pouzdana osnova za donošenje racionalnih odluka za buduće djelovanje. U radu pokazujemo kako se u afektivnoj kulturi emocije doživljavaju kao artefakti, kako se dijele preko medijatiziranih afektivnih vijesti i kako na osnovu njih publika medijskog sistema pregovara, oblikuje diskurse i generira osjećaje poravnavanja i pripadanja i oblikuje na zajedničkim emocijama zasnovane zajednice. Ukazujemo također da se afektivno diskurzivno poravnavanje ne dešava samo u oblasti pozitivnih nego i negativnih emocija te da polariziranje na osnovi afektivnih vesti i na njima oblikovanih zajednica ne doprinosi uvijek boljem razumijevanju svijeta i njegovih problema.
SLOBODA UGOVARANjA I NAKNADA ZA USLUGU OBRADE KREDITA U PRAVNOM PROMETU REPUBLIKE SRBIJE
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Timčić Ana
Published: September 2022

Freedom of contracting assumes the economic and social equity of the contracting parties. Since absolute equality does not exist and most contracts of modern legal transactions are concluded on the basis of the general conditions of business of one of the contracting parties and/or as an adhesion agreement, "intervention" of the legislator is necessary in order to provide adequate legal protection for economically inequitable entities. The above stated aim is most often sought by the legislator to achieve by adopting imperative legal regulations which precisely limit the autonomy of the will of the contracting parties. Accordingly, the author deals with the interpretation of the reaching and meaning of the imperative legal regulations contained in the Law on Obligations, the Banking Law, the Law on the Protection of Financial Services Users and by-laws that limit the freedom to contract a loan processing fee. The subject matter of the analysis in the work was also the nullity of the provision that provides for the collection of a loan processing fee in a percentage of the total amount of the loan, which is containnged in the loan agreements concluded in accordance with the Law on Protection of Financial Services Users.
ISPRAVE O OSIGURANjU
Authors:   Union University Belgrade, Law Faculty, Ivančević Katarina
Published: September 2022

When concluding the insurance contract, or shortly thereafter, the underwriter is obliged to hand over policy holder document on insurance that reflects the content of the contract and is proof that the contract was concluded. This document is usually an insurance policy. Other documents that are issued are Binder and certificate, or certificate of concluded insurance contract. In this paper the author considers the rules governing the obligation of having and delivering the documents related to the insurance policy holder, the contents of the insurance contract and policy, as well as the rights and obligations of the parties if the content of the insurance policy deviates from the concluded insurance contract, as well as issues of importance for the binder. Solutions of Serbian law with solutions from comparative law are compared, including provisions of the Principles of European insurance contract law and newspapers that are proposed in the Draft Civil code of the Republic of Serbia. The author suggests certain shortcomings and inconsistencies in the solutions that are proposed in Draft Civil code of the Republic of Serbia regarding documents of insurance and gives suggestions for corrections and improvements to this article.