bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Opinion of medical students compared with non-medical students about organ donation and its bioethical conflicts
Authors: Muñoz-Niklitschek Esteban , Morales-Delgado Paulo , Muñoz-Oyarzo Emilio , Parra-Venegas Rogelio
Published: February 2021

Introduction and Purpose: Organ donation is controversial. Chilean legislation failed to increase donors. However, it seems that there is an enthusiasm to be an organ donor, so education is important. Therefore, medical students play an important role in educating, but the other students may not know these topics. Thus, the following work pretends to compare the opinions of medical students and non-medical students at the University of Concepción (UDEC) about organ donation and associated bioethical conflicts.Material and Method: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study with qualitative and quantitative variables. It was used a 16-question survey, applied in Argentina, adapted to the Chilean culture. The sample was 60 students: 30 medical students and 30 students from other fields, outside the health area. Microsoft Windows Excel program was used to process the data.Results: Mostly men were surveyed, on average 21.5 years. Engineering was more frequent after medicine, and mode was 4 years studied. The absence of belief predominated. In both groups the donation was considered good; that they would donate, because it is a way of giving a life; and what they would like to receive. In medicine they considered that those who donate are brave people, where the other group considered that they give their lives and are brave. Regarding the concepts of brain death and Chilean law number 20.413, knowledge was lower in the non-medical group.Conclusions: We observe that medical university students handle some concepts related to donation in more detail than those who pursue careers outside the health area. Organ donation it is an issue that needs to be brought to discussion that should include the government authorities, local authorities, and the community.
Peculiarities of formation and clinical course of symptomatic epilepsy as a result of cranial injury
Authors: Kaptalan A. O. , Stoyanov A. N. , Ostapenko I. O. , Kirchev V. V. , Yermuraki P. P.
Published: February 2021

Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a formidable and frequent consequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the long term. 41 patients with PTE were examined, mostly men of working age. The time of formation of PTE after was 14.3 ± 1.4 months, which decreased depending on the severity of brain injury, the average frequency of seizures was 2.93 ± 0.8 per month.Focal seizures were mainly registered (63.4%, p <0.05), and taking into account the focal onset in bilateral tonic-clonic seizures, this figure reached 90.2% (p <0.05). Among the selected syndromes, except for direct PTE, autonomic dysfunctions (87.8%) with paroxysmal course (58.5%) prevailed, especially in persons with moderate trauma (r = 0.51, p <0.05).Typical comorbid symptoms in people with PTE were cognitive deficits, which correlated with the severity of TBI, as well as depressive and anxiety symptoms. Depressive layers were more often observed in the presence of the focal component of seizures (94.7%, p <0.05), temporal localization of the pathological process and predominant vagotonia. Anxiety manifestations affected all types of attacks on the background of sympathicotonia (83.3%, p <0.05), which in our opinion improved the implementation of crisis conditions, which were observed in 66.7% of cases.
Endovascular technologies and reconstructive interventions on profound femoral artery at revascularization of multilevel stenotic-occlusive process of infrainguinal arterial channel
Authors: Herasymiuk Nazar I. , Husak Mykhailo O. , Venher Ihor K. , Kovalskyy Dmytro V. , Loyko Ihor I. , Selskyy Boryslav P.
Published: February 2021

Introduction. Number of patients with obliterating lesions of the aorta and main arteries of the lower extermities has been steadily increasing every year. When choosing the scope of surgical treatment all the features of the multilevel stenotic-occlusive process of the infrainguinal arterial bed should be taken into account.Purpose. To improve the results of revascularization of the infrainguinal arterial bed by applying surgical intervention on profound femoral artery and endovascular methods to restore permeability of the outflow arteries.Materials and methods. The work is based on the results of examination and surgical treatment of 264 patients with stenotic-occlusive process of the infrainguinal arterial bed. There were four groups of patients. The basis of revascularization interventions on the infranguinal artery was shunt surgery. Bypass surgery was performed using a reverse autovein. The combined shunt was used for localization of the distal anastomosis at the level of the popliteal, shin arteries, tibioperinel trunk.Results. In atherosclerotic stenotic-occlusive lesions of the infrainguinal arterial bed of the lower extremity, the volume of surgical treatment depends on the level of the occlusive process, the functional state of the PFA and the blood flow pathways. And the method of surgical intervention in shunt interventions is determined by the type of distal lesion and the level of imposition of distal and proximal anastomoses.Conclusion. The use of endovascular methods of revascularization and reconstructive interventions on PFA in combination with femoral-distal shunt operations contributes to good and satisfactory results of surgical treatment of stenotic-occlusive processes of the infrainguinal arterial bed.
Structural components of the normal thoracic and lumbar vertebrae in rats
Authors: Pankiv M. V. , Paltov Ye. V. , Masna Z. Z.
Published: February 2021

The relevance of this topic is determined by the fact that laboratory animals are widely used in experimental morphology. The most widely used ones are rats [1 - 7]. There are a number of studies in which the authors cover in detail the normal morphological state of various organs of rats and its changes under experimentally simulated pathological conditions [8 - 12]. The available studies on the rats’ musculoskeletal system and spine highlight this topic insufficiently. Aim. We aimed to study the structure of the normal thoracic and lumbar vertebrae in the rats. Materials and methods of research. The objects of our study were 15 sexually mature outbred male rats, weight 80 g, age 4,5 months. All animals were kept in a vivarium. Keeping, care, labeling, and all other manipulations were carried out in accordance with with ‘the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used for Experimental and Other Scientific Purposes’ [Strasbourg, 1985], ‘Ethical principles of animal experiments’, approved by the First National Congress on Bioethics [Kyiv, 2001], Law of Ukraine № 3447 - IV ‘On protection of animals from cruel treatment’. The study was approved by the Commission on Bioethics of Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University which declared that the study met the ethical requirements according to the order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine № 231 of November 1, 2000 (protocol № 10 of December 26, 2011), (protocol №2 of February 20, 2012 year). Before sampling, the animals were sedated with dibutyl ether. Skeletalized rat bones were used as material for the macroanatomical study of the structural components of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. The spines were dissected after euthanasia, and then the vertebrae of the thoracic and lumbar spine were boiled for four hours, followed by careful separation of the remained soft tissues. The obtained bones were treated with a solution of hydrogen peroxide with the following photography in different projections in order to identify all anatomical structures involved in the formation of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. Photography was made using a digital camera Nikon D 3100. Results. The study of 15 spinal column preparations of white, outbred male rats weighing 80 g, aged 4.5 months made by the use of a set of morphological methods revealed a lot of aspects of the normal structural components of the vertebrae of the lower thoracic and lumbar spine of rats. The spinal column of the rat consists of a set of vertebrae that form its divisions. There are 57 vertebrae in the rat spine. The cervical division is represented by 7 vertebrae, thoracic - 13, lumbar - 6, sacral - 4 and caudal - 27 vertebrae. Conclusions: As a result of our study, we identified the morphology of normal vertebrae of the thoracic and lumbar spine in rats. We studied a set of morphological components of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae of the normal spinal column in rats.
Neurosurgical departments functioning during the COVID-19 pandemic - report
Authors: Siedlecki Zygmunt , Nowak Karol , Śniegocki Maciej
Published: February 2021

We present a short article on the actual state of functioning of neurosurgical departments, performing neurosurgical procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic on the example of our department - Department of Neurosurgery, Neurotraumatology and Pediatric Neurosurgery of Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum of Nicolaus Copernicus University. The pandemic disrupted so far, proper work of neurosurgical departments and put neurosurgeons in a new reality. Despite the widespread exacerbation of spine diseases, they were pushed to the background. Many neurosurgical departments have been converted into COVID-19 isolation departments. We present a brief report on the actual state of the work of neurosurgeons and that a year after the pandemic began, the work of neurosurgical departments is still disrupted and the prospect of performing non-urgent neurosurgical procedures is uncertain.
The Power of Physical Embodiment in Helping Senior Leaders Discover Their Collective Wisdom
Authors: Hocknell-Nickels Jason
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this article is to share the profound generative learning from a dialogical workshop that included physical embodiment. The approach used was strategic dialogue with a 2 x 2 Boston matrix and five different strategic scenarios as floor maps. Generative learning and dialogue improved in comparison with previous approaches. Dialogue was enhanced by floor maps and physical embodiment. This paper appreciates how a collective wisdom approach to leadership dialogue lent itself to profound learning.
Using Appreciative Inquiry to Build a Dementia- Inclusive Community
Authors: Gain Wendy
Published: February 2021

This is a story of hope in a time of despair. Dementia is the leading cause of death in Australian women. Dementia-friendly communities support people living with dementia to live with meaning, purpose and value. Community members, people living with dementia and their carers began building a dementia-friendly community. Appreciative Inquiry was used to mobilise the community to build this story of hope.
Stories of Hope and Resilience: A Multimodal Project
Authors: Issari Philia , Papadopoulos Nikolaos
Published: February 2021

This multimodal project, influenced by an Appreciative Inquiry framework, aimed to elicit stories of hope and resilience amidst the Covid-19 pandemic. Thematic analysis was employed to analyse twenty collected stories. A multimodal method that combined linguistic and visual language (non-fiction comics) was adopted in order to present the research findings. In Elli’s case, as with other participants, engaging with customs and rituals turned out to be an important source of hope, joy and resilience.
Pronósticos de empleo formal urbano
Authors: Lora Eduardo
Published: February 2021

¿Se puede lograr el “empleo pleno y productivo para todos” en el 2030, según el Objetivo de Desarrollo 8 de la ONU? El asunto se evaluó para 62 ciudades colombianas, utilizandodatos administrativos. Las ciudades más grandes tienen tasas de ocupación formal más altas porque la creación de empleo formal está restringida a la disponibilidad de las habilidade necesarias en sectores complejos, un proceso dependiente de la trayectoria. Sehicieron pronósticos alternativos utilizando ols y algoritmos de aprendizaje automático. Resultados: el porcentaje de la población en edad de trabajar con un empleo formal aumentará entre 13 y 32 puntos porcentuales, lo que es insuficiente para alcanzar la meta. La coherencia entre los métodos es buena para las grandes ciudades, no para las pequeñas.
Marrying Stochastic Gradient Descent with Bandits: Learning Algorithms for Inventory Systems with Fixed Costs
Authors: Yuan Hao , Luo Qi , Shi Cong
Published: February 2021

We consider a periodic-review single-product inventory system with fixed cost under censored demand. Under full demand distributional information, it is well known that the celebrated (s, S) policy is optimal. In this paper, we assume the firm does not know the demand distribution a priori and makes adaptive inventory ordering decisions in each period based only on the past sales (a.k.a. censored demand). Our performance measure is regret, which is the cost difference between a feasible learning algorithm and the clairvoyant (full-information) benchmark. Compared with prior literature, the key difficulty of this problem lies in the loss of joint convexity of the objective function as a result of the presence of fixed cost. We develop the first learning algorithm, termed the [Formula: see text] policy, that combines the power of stochastic gradient descent, bandit controls, and simulation-based methods in a seamless and nontrivial fashion. We prove that the cumulative regret is [Formula: see text], which is provably tight up to a logarithmic factor. We also develop several technical results that are of independent interest. We believe that the developed framework could be widely applied to learning other important stochastic systems with partial convexity in the objectives.

This paper was accepted by Chung Piaw Teo, optimization.
Leasing, Modularity, and the Circular Economy
Authors: Agrawal Vishal , Atasu Atalay , Ülkü Sezer
Published: February 2021

We investigate the economic and environmental implications of jointly implementing leasing and modularity, two prominent circular economy strategies, and their interaction. We develop a durable goods model to obtain insights for firms considering the use of these strategies. We first analyze the effect of adopting leasing on a firm’s product architecture choice. We find that a modular product architecture is more attractive under leasing only if off-lease products depreciate to a greater extent. We next analyze the effect of adopting a modular product architecture on the firm’s business model choice. We find that adopting a modular architecture can cause a leasing firm to switch to selling but will not lead a selling firm to switch to leasing. Building on these results, we show that leasing a modular product is preferred by the firm only under limited conditions (i.e., when production costs are low, off-lease products are in relatively better condition, and when there is a large difference between depreciation levels of different modules). Finally, we show that jointly implementing leasing and modularity can also lead to higher environmental impact than only adopting leasing or modularity in isolation.

This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.
The dangers associated with Solvency II’s imitation of Basel II
Authors: Loguinova Kristina , Byttebier Koen
Published: February 2021

Ten years have passed after the last financial and economic crisis. As such, it is a good time to assess and to be reminded of the lessons that were learned and, more importantly, the lessons that were not learned, when it comes to the post-crisis reform of EU’s financial regulatory system. The current article aims at identifying the extent to which the Solvency II directive which codifies and harmonizes regulation regarding EU’s largest institutional investors, i.e. insurance undertakings, imitates its source of inspiration, Basel II, in order to introduce a critical way of thinking about the identified level of imitation. The main argument of this contribution is that since Solvency II is supposed to be revised this year, the EU legislator should embrace this opportunity to abstain from treating insurance undertakings as banks regulated under Basel II since Basel II did not prevent the financial and economic crisis of 2008 and arguably even added fuel to the fire. Moreover, the current article presents several other arguments as to why the regulatory model of Basel II is by no means a danger-free inspirational source for regulating insurance undertakings.
Merger and Acquisition of Business Organization and Its Impact on Human Resources
Authors: Soundarya M. Baby , Lavanya S. Moghana , Hemalatha S.
Published: February 2021

There is an assumption that, when merger and acquisition takes place, two companies join together will have greater value than the companies functioning alone, ie., to create synergy. Merger and acquisition among the companies are gaining its momentum, due to the enhanced competition among the corporates in domestic and the global market. This paper discusses about merger and acquisition and the motives behind it. Some mergers and acquisitions are unsuccessful due to some factors like financial, marketing and operational issues. Human resource problems in the merged companies also resulted in the failure of the mergers and acquisitions. So, this article proposes to discuss about HR issues at each phase of merger and acquisition, strategies to overcome the issues were also discussed.
Polícia versus jagunços no Oeste do Paraná: os poemas de Joaquim Alves da Silva como memória dos conflitos agrários (1960-1970)
Authors: Schneider Claércio Ivan
Published: February 2021

Estudo centrado na análise da obra literária Como era o Sudoeste e porque matei Joaquim Coelho, do poeta e soldado da Polícia Militar Joaquim Alves da Silva. Esta fonte, ainda desconhecida da historiografia, configura um campo discursivo promissor para a investigação da história da criminalidade presente no oeste e sudoeste do Paraná nas décadas de 1960 e 1970. Busca-se compreender as representações que o narrador constrói em torno da ação da polícia no combate ao jaguncismo e ao banditismo, bem como analisar as informações que apresenta sobre os bandoleiros que agiam nestas regiões. Como resultado, a obra de Joaquim Alves da Silva contribui para a problematização da história produzida em torno da região, em especial por fornecer um contraponto à história oficial e a grande parte da historiografia, que difunde perspectivas harmônicas e escamoteia os conflitos, em especial os litígios de terras e a presença de jagunços.
De Straßburg a Strasbourg: Marc Bloch, Lucien Febvre e o nascimento dos Annales
Authors: Yamashita Jougi Guimarães
Published: February 2021

O objetivo do artigo é o de analisar a relevância da Universidade de Estrasburgo para a criação da revista Annales d`Histoire Économique et Sociale pela dupla Marc Bloch e Lucien Febvre. Partindo dos recentes debates sobre a História Regional, procuramos estabelecer a relação entre o esforço político de afirmação da Alsácia como região francesa a partir de 1919 (após quase quatro décadas sob domínio alemão) com as possibilidades e os limites enfrentados pelos historiadores para idealizar e levar a cabo o seu célebre empreendimento historiográfico. Apresentamos ainda, a partir das revistas históricas – especificamente a Revue Historique e a Revue de Synthèse – e da conexão de seus editores com Bloch e Febvre e com a instituição alsaciana, o enredo político e intelectual que orientou a decisão. Parece-nos claro que ocupar cadeiras naquela universidade foi fundamental – para além do encontro entre os dois – para o sucesso da publicação.
O desmatamento e re/florestamento no Oeste de Santa Catarina nas décadas de 1960 e 1970
Authors: Moretto Samira Peruchi
Published: February 2021

O Estado de Santa Catarina passou por diversas transformações ambientais, em sua maioria, provocadas pela antropização da paisagem. O desmatamento foi intensificado a partir da primeira metade do século XX, após o processo de ocupação da região e em função das atividades madeireiras. O objetivo desde artigo foi analisar algumas práticas de desmatamento e de reflorestamento, no Oeste de Santa Catarina, nas décadas de 1960 e 1970. Nos anos de 1950 e 1960 ocorreu o auge das atividades madeireiras no estado. Nos governos dos presidentes da ditadura civil militar foram aprovados via governos estadual e federal, projetos desenvolvimentistas, de cunho imediatistas, que acarretaram em grandes perdas ambientais. Na década seguinte, foram introduzidas práticas de reflorestamento, porém caracterizadas por serem realizadas através de monocultura de espécies florestais, por não estarem alinhadas às medidas de recomposição da flora original. Para atingir o objetivo proposto, as fontes utilizadas são: mapas, relatórios de governo, censos demográficos, os periódicos regionais e estaduais, iconografia, e a legislação federal. Visa-se, portanto, entender como ocorreu o processo de transformação da paisagem, e as medidas para conservação ou não dos ecossistemas envolvidos.
Os indesejados da seca: a imagem do sertanejo desde as narrativas da Revista do Instituto do Ceará ao Campo de Concentração do Alagadiço (1887-1915)
Authors: Simões de Melo Leda Agnes , Sousa Freire Camila De
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo trata das imagens construídas sobre o sertanejo, desde as narrativas do Instituto do Ceará até a criação do campo de concentração do Alagadiço, na seca de 1915. Para isso, analisaremos como o Instituto do Ceará, criado em 1887, através da sua Revista do Instituto do Ceará, vinculou o pioneirismo cearense em relação à abolição da escravatura também ao fato da província ser acometida pela seca. A ideia da natureza ser condicionante da vida da região e ser uma narrativa construída historicamente para retratar o Ceará, fez parte do pensamento da elite que estava à frente do Instituto, e é parte fundamental do que se vai narrar sobre os sertões, os sertanejos, seus costumes, seus modos de ser e agir nos anos posteriores. Nesse sentido, a seca ganha espaço como campo de lutas que também são simbólicas, e justificam medidas segregadoras e excludentes como o campo de concentração do Alagadiço. Por meio de ofícios e relatórios do governo e da Inspetoria de Obras Contra as Secas (IOCS), propomos uma reflexão acerca dos discursos que estavam na ordem do dia na seca de 1877 e que fizeram parte da narrativa da própria criação do campo do Alagadiço em 1915.
No asilo e no orfanato: crianças pobres e doentes em Goiás na primeira metade do século XX
Authors: Souza Rildo Bento de , Costa Lara Alexandra Tavares da
Published: February 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a situação das crianças pobres e doentes na Cidade de Goiás, a partir de duas instituições de caridade leigas, a saber, o Asilo São Vicente de Paulo (1909) e Orfanato São José (1922). Nosso recorte temporal abrangerá a primeira metade do século XX. Pretende-se discutir o papel dessas instituições e sua relação com as crianças pobres e doentes. Ademais, objetiva-se compreender as relações estabelecidas entre as instituições em foco com pessoas poderosas e influentes da cidade. Por fim, procuraremos estabelecer as similaridades e diferenças entre as duas instituições, a quem definimos como “irmãs”.
Mental health and moral injury among nurses: practical self-compassionate care to alleviate the psychological impact of COVID-19
Authors: Cairns Kimberley
Published: February 2021

COVID-19 and mental health are both topics on everyone′s radar at the moment—but what about the mental wellbeing of those on the frontline? Kimberley Cairns explores and details the ways in which the mental health of medical personnel can be maintained and improved
Using a zettelkasten to manage your ideas
Authors: Ratcliffe Jason
Published: February 2021

It can be hard to keep a record of notes from lectures and conferences over several years. Jason Ratcliffe provides more information on creating a zettelkasten—a way that information can not only be easily managed, but also a way to build upon ideas
Understanding local and scientific knowledge about flooding adaptations in low-lying areas of Central Vietnam
Authors: TRAN Huynh Bao Chau , UBUKATA Fumikazu
Published: February 2021

This research focuses on clarifying the local and scientific knowledge about flooding adaptations, the interaction between local knowledge and scientific information in the low-lying area of Central Vietnam is analyzed. Data was obtained using three techniques including: semi-structured interviews, direct observation and household surveys. Responses indicate that the villagers have accumulated and inherited this type of knowledge in their society for a long time. The level of local knowledge is affected by gender, occupation and house location. This implies that the villagers’ social roles and their everyday interactions with the natural environment have nurtured an accumulated local knowledge. Scientific information is provided by the National Committee for Flood and Storm Control and National Center for Hydrometeorology Prediction. It contains information regarding disaster type, intensity, risk level and directions. The information is transferred to local people through mass media, social networks and official documents. However, local people are credulous toward scientific information given by the state. It was found that many villagers are not likely to follow the official guideline, especially the villagers with a high level of local knowledge.

Nghiên cứu tập trung làm rõ kiến thức bản địa và khoa học về thích ứng lũ lụt cũng như mối tương tác của chúng ở vùng trũng thấp miền Trung Việt Nam. Dữ liệu được thu thập bằng cách sử dụng kết hợp ba phương pháp bao gồm phỏng vấn bán cấu trúc, quan sát trực tiếp và khảo sát hộ gia đình. Các kết quả nghiên cứu chỉ ra rằng người dân đã tích lũy và kế thừa kiến thức bản địa từ xã hội của họ trong một thời gian dài. Mức độ kiến thức bản địa bị ảnh hưởng bởi giới tính, nghề nghiệp và vị trí nhà ở. Vai trò xã hội và những tương tác hàng ngày của người dân với môi trường tự nhiên đã nuôi dưỡng và tích lũy kiến thức bản địa. Thông tin khoa học được cung cấp bởi Ủy ban Phòng chống lụt bão Quốc gia và Trung tâm Dự báo Khí tượng Thủy văn Quốc gia. Các thông tin về loại thiên tai, cường độ, mức độ rủi ro và hướng chỉ dẫn được thông báo. Thông tin này được chuyển đến người dân thông qua các phương tiện thông tin đại chúng, mạng xã hội và các văn bản chính thức. Tuy nhiên, người dân địa phương chủ quan trước những thông tin khoa học do cơ quan nhà nước đưa ra. Nhiều người dân không tuân theo các hướng dẫn chính thức của chính quyền địa phương, đặc biệt là những người có mức độ kiến thức bản địa được đánh giá cao.
Adaptation of leaf morphology of the Eurycoma longifolia Jack to different site conditions in the province of Thua Thien Hue, Central Vietnam
Authors: VAN Thi Yen , NGUYEN Hoang Loc , NGUYEN Thi Hong Mai , KRABEL Doris
Published: February 2021

Leaf area and stomata are important parameters in studies of taxonomic classification since both parameters might reflect the plant adaptation mechanisms to different environmental conditions. This study analyzed Eurycoma longifolia Jack leaf traits in different ecological regions (moisture zone: A Luoi, Bach Ma, Nam Dong; dry zone: Phong Dien) and leaves of seedlings in the nursery. The study used scanners and Images to measure leaf area; imagej and the AxioVision SE64 softwares were used to evaluate stomatal density by separating the lower cuticle through a clear nail polish impression. Our results showed that the leaf area of mature trees from the dry zone is smaller (355.7 and 484.1 cm2/leaf), however, the stomata density is higher than that of the humid area (284.4 and 137.9 stomata/mm2). Under the same nursery conditions, the seedlings' leaf area was similar while seedlings' stomatal density, originated from the dry zone, was lower. Results indicate that the stomatal density changes as an adaptation to changing habitat conditions. This study gives indicates that E. longifolia is a tree species with high adaptability given the leaf morphology changes under a changing climate. Therefore, this tree species should be a priority for planting in order to increase biodiversity in different ecological regions.

Đặc điểm diện tích lá và mật độ khí khổng là những thông số quan trọng trong các nghiên cứu phân loại học nhằm phản ánh cơ chế thích nghi của thực vật với điều kiện sống. Vì thế nghiên cứu này đã tiến hành phân tích các đặc điểm của lá cây Bách bệnh (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) từ các vùng khác nhau (A Lưới, Bạch Mã, Nam Đông: vùng ẩm và Phong Điền: vùng khô) và lá cây con của chúng ở vườn ươm. Nghiên cứu đã sử dụng máy quét và ImageJ để đo diện tích lá và phần mềm AxioVision SE64 và ImageJ để đánh giá mật độ khí khổng thông qua tách lớp biểu bì phía dưới lá qua lớp sơn mỏng Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, diện tích lá của cây trưởng thành từ vùng khô nhỏ hơn (355.7 and 484.1 cm2/leaf) nhưng mật độ khí khổng lại lớn hơn so với vùng ẩm (284.4 and 137.9 stomata/mm2). Tuy nhiên, cùng điều kiện sống ở vườn ươm, diện tích lá của cây con tương tự nhau trong khi mật độ khí khổng của cây con có nguồn gốc từ vùng khô lại thấp hơn. Kết quả này chỉ ra rằng sự thay đổi của mật độ khí khổng như là một sự thích nghi với thay đổi của điều kiện môi trường sống. Từ đó nghiên cứu này cho thấy cây Bách bệnh là một loài cây gỗ với khả năng thích nghi cao nhờ sự thay đổi về đặc điểm hình thái lá khi thay đổi khí hậu cho nên loài cây này nên được ưu tiên trong việc gây trồng nhằm tăng cường tính đa dạng cho các vùng sinh thái khác nhau.
Crude oil-utilizing strain Desulfovibrio vulgaris D107G3, a mesophilic sulfate-reducing bacterium isolated from Bach Ho gas-oil field in Vung Tau, Vietnam
Authors: NGUYEN Thi Thu Huyen , TRAN Thi Kim Thoa , LAI Thuy Hien
Published: February 2021

Some of anaerobic, mesophilic sulfate-reducing bacteria that produce H2S and cause microbial metal corrosion can degrade crude oil in anaerobic conditions. In this study, a mesophilic sulfate-reducing bacterial strain D107G3 isolated from Bach Ho gas-oil field in Vung Tau, Vietnam that is able to utilize crude oil in the anaerobic condition is reported. The strain D107G3 was classified as a Gram-negative bacterium by using Gram staining method. Basing on scanning microscopy observation, the cell of a strain D107G3 had a curved rod shape. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain D107G3 was identified as Desulfovibrio vulgaris with 99.7% identity. The suitable conditions for its growth that was determined via estimating its H2S production was the modified Postgate B medium containing 1% (v/v) crude oil, 1% NaCl (w/v), pH 7 and 30°C incubation. In these conditions, the strain D107G3 can consume 11.4 % of crude oil total and oxidize heavy crude oil (≥ C45) for one month at anoxic condition. These obtained results not only contribute to the science but also continue to warn about the dangers of mesophilic sulfate reducing bacteria to the process of crude oil exploitation, use, and storage in Vung Tau, Vietnam.

Trong bài báo này, chủng vi khuẩn khử sunphat (KSF) ưa ấm D107G3 phân lập từ giếng khoan dầu khí mỏ Bạch Hổ, Vũng Tàu, Việt Nam có khả năng sử dụng dầu thô trong điều kiện kị khí được công bố. Chủng D107G3 được xác định là vi khuẩn Gram âm nhờ phương pháp nhuộm Gram. Quan sát trên kính hiển vi điện tử quét cho thấy tế bào chủng D107G3 có hình que cong. Kết quả phân tích trình tự gen 16S rRNA đã xác định được chủng D107G3 thuộc loài Desulfovibrio vulgaris với độ tương đồng 99.7%. Thông qua đánh giá lượng H2S tạo thành đã khám phá được điều kiện thích hợp cho sinh trưởng của chủng D107G3: môi trường Postgate B cải tiến chứa 1% (v/v) dầu thô, 1 % NaCl (gL-1), pH 7 và nuôi cấy ở 30°C. Trong điều kiện đó, chủng D107G3 đã sử dụng được 11.4 % hàm lượng dầu tổng số, thành phần dầu bị phân huỷ là các n-parafin có mạch C≥45 sau 1 tháng nuôi cấy kỵ khí. Các kết quả này đóng góp về mặt khoa học và tiếp tục cảnh báo mối nguy hại của KSF ưa ấm đến việc khai thác, sử dụng và bảo quản dầu mỏ ở Vũng Tàu, Việt Nam.
Determining the content of toxic elements (Pb, Cd, and As) in herbal plants collected from different sites in northern Vietnam
Authors: VUONG Truong Xuan
Published: February 2021

Plants might contain heavy metals from the surrounding polluted environment. Medicinal herb and plants, commonly used in Vietnam, may pose a risk to public health when polluted with heavy metals such as Pb, Cd and As. This study aims to investigate the content of Pb, Cd, and As in five selected herb plants (Phyllanthus urinaria L., Plantago asiatica L., Eleusine indica L., Wedelia chinensis (Osbeck) Merr, and Artemisia vulgaris L.). The samples were collected from natural sites in some provinces in northern Vietnam. The concentrations of Pb, Cd, and As were determined by the Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method. The content of Pb, Cd and As was 0.247 ÷ 32.080 mg kg-1, 0.000 ÷ 1.099 mg kg-1, 0.000 ÷ 2.261 mg kg-1, respectively. A total of 50 out of the 58 investigated samples had concentrations of Pb, Cd, As lower than the permissible values of the World Health Organization (WHO). The remaining samples had contents of Pb or Cd or As significantly higher than the permissible limit defined by WHO.

Thực vật có thể bị ô nhiễm do hấp thụ kim loại nặng từ môi trường ô nhiễm xung quanh. Các loại cây thảo dược được sử dụng phổ biến làm thuốc chữa bệnh ở Việt Nam. Chúng có thể gây nguy hiểm cho sức khỏe cộng đồng khi bị ô nhiễm kim loại nặng (Pb, Cd...vv.). Nghiên cứu này nhằm điều tra hàm lượng Pb, Cd và As trong năm loại cây thảo dược (cây Diệp Hạ Châu, cây Mã Đề, cây Cỏ Mần Trầu, cây Sài Đất và cây Ngải Cứu). Các mẫu cây này được lấy từ các địa điểm mọc tự nhiên ở một số tỉnh khác nhau thuộc khu vực miền bắc Việt Nam. Hàm lượng của Pb, Cd, và As được xác định bằng phương pháp ICP-MS. Hàm lượng Pb, Cd và As trong các mẫu phân tích lần lượt nằm trong khoảng là 0.247 ÷ 32.080 mg. Kg-1, 0.000 ÷ 1.099 mg. Kg-1, 0.000 ÷ 2.261 mg. Kg-1. 50 trên 58 mẫu phân tích có hàm lượng Pb, Cd, As thấp hơn giới hạn cho phép do tổ chức y tế thế giới (WHO) quy định. Có 8 trên 58 mẫu cây phân tích có hàm lượng Pb hoặc, Cd hoặc As cao hơn tiêu chuẩn giới hạn của WHO.
Sesgos de género en la Educación Superior en España: propuestas de actuación
Authors: Megías-Bas Antonio
Published: February 2021

En 1857, la Ley de Instrucción Pública (“Ley Moyano”) estableció que la enseñanza elemental fuera obligatoria y gratuita, tanto para niños como para niñas. Sin embargo, implantó diferencias en su formación académica, como consecuencia de las tareas y funciones asignados a cada sexo, repercutiendo, por consiguiente, en el acceso de las mujeres a la universidad. Las líneas fundamentales de esta ley se mantuvieron vigentes hasta finales del siglo XX. Tras la Segunda Guerra Mundial se inicia, desde organismos internacionales, la lucha contra las desigualdades entre mujeres y hombres. España cuenta con un marco legal a favor de la igualdad entre ambos, pero si se analiza, comprobamos que existen barreras que no son contempladas explícitamente en el ordenamiento jurídico, pero sí están presentes en la práctica, las cuales perpetúan la discriminación de las mujeres. Con el presente artículo se analizan los sesgos de género que actualmente persisten en la Educación Superior en España, así como la incoherencia entre el desarrollo legislativo y las prácticas cotidianas en las universidades, para alcanzar la igualdad real entre mujeres y hombres. La discriminación de las mujeres se constata tanto en el acceso a los puestos académicos de mayor categoría (cátedras), como a los de gestión (rectorados), por la pervivencia de sesgos de género en el sistema educativo universitario.  Finalmente, se realizan propuestas para erradicar los sesgos de género y la violencia contra las mujeres en las universidades, en toda su estructura.
Virtual Colloquium: Smithsonian Curators Reflect on Documenting the Representations of Race/Ethnicity/Diversity in Advertising
Authors: Franz Kathleen , Smith Paul Chaat , Ruffins Fath Davis , Meyers Cynthia B. , O'Barr William M.
Published: February 2021

Abstract: Advertising & Society Quarterly held its fourth annual Colloquium on December 3–4, 2020. During this virtual event, three panels took different perspectives on race/ethnicity/diversity in advertising. This article presents the colloquium's first panel featuring Smithsonian curators discussing how they document the story of representing race/ethnicity/diversity in advertising. The National Museum of the American Indian's Paul Chaat Smith explains how fantasized images of American Indians are seen everywhere in American life, but such visibility actually masks Americans' obsession with, and erasure of, a small population in the United States. Fath Davis Ruffins describes how the National Museum of American History acquired significant collections over the years that reflect advertising's treatments of various ethnic and racial groups throughout US history. She also details her work with the Advertising Educational Foundation on the Race & Ethnicity Project. Kathleen Franz explains how she helped build the National Museum of American History's collections which are focused on Latinx and Hispanic advertising.
Reprint Retrospective: Advertising at War: Advertising Navigates the Defense Economy
Authors: Stole Inger L.
Published: February 2021

Abstract: "Advertising Navigates the Defense Economy," Chapter 2 in Advertising at War: Business, Consumers, and Government in the 1940s (University of Illinois Press, 2012), explores the advertising industry's response to a range of pre-World War II challenges. It discusses industry strategies for "educating the public" about the social and economic benefits of advertising. More specifically, it shows the use of institutional advertising for this purpose and discusses how industry leaders worked behind the scenes to prepare a solid defense of advertising. The chapter concludes with the creation of the Advertising Council, Inc., an organization that would come to define the advertising industry's public relations efforts during World War II and beyond.
Low threshold soliton and a noise-like pulse conversion in an all-polarization-maintaining figure-eight cavity
Authors: Yuan Quan , Wang Tianshu , Ma Wanzhuo , Ji Haiying , Xiong Hao , Xu Yameng
Published: February 2021

We experimentally report a low threshold soliton and a noise-like mode-locked fiber laser using an all-polarization-maintaining figure-eight cavity. We built a bidirectional pump structure without a phase shifter at the beginning of the experiment. The resonator has a high mode-locking threshold of 620 mW. Afterwards, we used a phase shifter in the resonator, and the laser can self-start in a conventional soliton (CS) mode-locked state when pump1 reaches the threshold of only 70 mW. The CS pulse with a duration of 863.8 fs can be observed at 1560 nm. When the two pump powers increase to 350 mW and 50 mW, the conventional soliton can convert to noise-like pulses. The central wavelength and pulse duration of noise-like mode-locked pulse are 1560.4 nm and 417.9 fs, respectively. The laser can realize conversion between ultrafast pulses and high-energy pulses, and have a low threshold that can be used for nonlinear frequency conversion, supercontinuum generation, sensing, etc.
Radon-to-Helmholtz mappings and nonlinear diffraction tomography
Authors: Samelsohn Gregory
Published: February 2021

This paper addresses a number of approximate, analytically invertible solutions of the scalar Helmholtz equation. Primary attention is devoted to the Glauber approximation (GA) derived for the far-field pattern. It is shown that the GA has the form of a nonlinear Radon-to-Helmholtz (RtH) mapping, which transforms a sinogram of the scattering potential into an approximate solution of the Helmholtz equation. A proposal of how to construct a position space counterpart of the GA is formulated. Also, it is established that a paraxial version of the Glauber model coincides, up to an inessential constant factor, with a momentum-space representation of the Mazar–Felsen propagator, which describes forward-scattered waves. For weakly scattering objects, these solutions are reduced to the conventional Born/Rytov approximations, which may, however, preserve the parametrization and sampling formats of the original nonlinear models. Since all RtH mappings are analytically invertible, they can be applied to the (nonlinear) diffraction tomography of penetrable objects. In particular, the Glauber model, which has been largely ignored for years, is shown to provide efficient inversion of synthetic data. The resulting tomograms clearly outperform the Born inversions, even for moderately scattering potentials.
IgH 3’ regulatory region increases ectopic class switch recombination
Authors: Le Noir Sandrine , Bonaud Amélie , Hervé Bastien , Baylet Audrey , Boyer François , Lecardeur Sandrine , Oruc Zeliha , Sirac Christophe , Cogné Michel
Published: February 2021

DNA lesions inflicted by activation-induced deaminase (AID) instrumentally initiate the processes reshaping immunoglobulin genes in mature B-cells, from local somatic hypermutation (SHM) to junctions of distant breaks during class switch recombination (CSR). It remains incompletely understood how these divergent outcomes of AID attacks are differentially and temporally focused, with CSR strictly occurring in the Ig heavy chain (IgH) locus while SHM concentrates on rearranged V(D)J regions in the IgH and Ig light chain loci. In the IgH locus, disruption of either the 3’Regulatory Region (3’RR) super-enhancer or of switch (S) regions preceding constant genes, profoundly affects CSR. Reciprocally, we now examined if these elements are sufficient to induce CSR in a synthetic locus based on the Igκ locus backbone. Addition of a surrogate “core 3’RR” (c3’RR) and of a pair of transcribed and spliced Switch regions, together with a reporter system for “κ-CSR” yielded a switchable Igκ locus. While the c3’RR stimulated SHM at S regions, it also lowered the local SHM threshold necessary for switch recombination to occur. The 3’RR thus both helps recruit AID to initiate DNA lesions, but then also promotes their resolution through long-distance synapses and recombination following double-strand breaks.
Endemicity of Paragonimus and paragonimiasis in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and mapping reveals stability of transmission in endemic foci for a multi-host parasite system
Authors: Rabone Muriel , Wiethase Joris , Clark Paul F. , Rollinson David , Cumberlidge Neil , Emery Aidan M.
Published: February 2021

Paragonimiasis is caused by zoonotic trematodes ofParagonimusspp., found in Asia, the Americas and Africa, particularly in tropical regions. These parasites have a complex, multi-host life cycle, with mammalian definitive hosts and larval stages cycling through two intermediate hosts (snails and freshwater decapod crustaceans). In Africa, paragonimiasis is particularly neglected, and remains the only human parasitic disease without a fully characterised life cycle. However paragonimiasis has potentially significant impacts on public health in Africa, and prevalence has likely been underestimated through under-reporting and misdiagnosis as tuberculosis due to a similar clinical presentation. We identified the need to synthesise current knowledge and map endemic foci for AfricanParagonimusspp. together withPoikilorchis congolensis, a rare, taxonomically distant trematode with a similar distribution and morphology. We present the first systematic review of the literature relating to African paragonimiasis, combined with mapping of all reported occurrences ofParagonimusspp. throughout Africa, from the 1910s to the present. In human surveys, numerous reports of significant recent transmission in Southeast Nigeria were uncovered, with high prevalence and intensity of infection. Overall prevalence was significantly higher forP.uterobilateraliscompared toP.africanusacross studies. The potential endemicity ofP.africanusin Côte d’Ivoire is also reported. In freshwater crab intermediate hosts, differences in prevalence and intensity of eitherP.uterobilateralisorP.africanuswere evident across genera and species, suggesting differences in susceptibility. Mapping showed temporal stability of endemic foci, with the majority of known occurrences ofParagonimusfound in the rainforest zone of West and Central Africa, but with several outliers elsewhere on the continent. This suggests substantial under sampling and localised infection where potential host distributions overlap. Our review highlights the urgent need for increased sampling in active disease foci in Africa, particularly using molecular analysis to fully characteriseParagonimusspecies and their hosts.
Clinical outcomes after small-incision lenticule extraction versus femtosecond laser-assisted LASIK for high myopia: A meta-analysis
Authors: Fu Yanyan , Yin Yewei , Wu Xiaoying , Li Yuanjun , Xiang Aiqun , Lu Ying , Fu Qiuman , Hu Tu , Du Kaixuan , Wen Dan
Published: February 2021

Aim

To compare postoperative clinical outcomes of high myopia after small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK).

Methods

From March 2018 to July 2020, PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and several Chinese databases were comprehensively searched. The studies meeting the criteria were selected and included; the data were extracted by 2 independent authors. The clinical outcome parameters were analyzed with RevMan 5.3.

Results

This meta-analysis included twelve studies involving 766 patients (1400 eyes: 748 receiving SMILE and 652 receiving FS-LASIK). Pooled results revealed no significant differences in the following outcomes: the logarithm of the mean angle of resolution (logMAR) of postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity (weighted mean difference (WMD) = -0.01, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.02 to 0.00, I2= 0%, P = 0.07 at 1 mo; WMD = -0.00, 95% CI: -0.01 to 0.01, I2= 0%, P = 0.83 at 3 mo; WMD = -0.00, 95% CI: -0.01 to 0.00, I2= 32%, P = 0.33 in the long term), and the postoperative mean refractive spherical equivalent (WMD = -0.03, 95% CI: -0.09 to 0.03, I2= 13%, P = 0.30). However, the SMILE group had significantly better postoperative corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) than the FS-LASIK group (WMD = -0.04, 95% CI, -0.05 to -0.02, I2= 0%, P<0.00001). In the long term, postoperative total higher-order aberration (WMD = -0.09, 95% CI: -0.10 to -0.07, I2= 7%, P<0.00001) and postoperative spherical aberration (WMD = -0.15, 95% CI: -0.19 to -0.11, I2= 29%, P<0.00001) were lower in the SMILE group than in the FS-LASIK group; a significant difference was also found in postoperative coma (WMD = -0.05, 95% CI: -0.06 to -0.03, I2= 30%, P<0.00001).

Conclusion

For patients with high myopia, both SMILE and FS-LASIK are safe, efficacious and predictable. However, the SMILE group demonstrated advantages over the FS-LASIK group in terms of postoperative CDVA, while SMILE induced less aberration than FS-LASIK. It remains to be seen whether SMILE can provide better visual quality than FS-LASIK; further comparative studies focused on high myopia are necessary.