bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of Landscape Use Opportunities of Some Taxa from Şanlıurfa (Türkiye) Wetland Flora
Authors: HATİPOGLU Ibrahim Halil , TOSYAGÜLÜ ÇELİK Hatice , KAYA Ömer Faruk
Published: December 2023

The aim of this study is to determine the landscape use opportunities of natural plants of wetland habitats (river, stream, rill, moist meadows, etc.) within Şanlıurfa province. In this study, 58 plants were determined from wetland habitats that can be evaluated in terms of landscape use. The characteristics of these plants for their landscape use (life form, structure, flowering period, flower color, landscape value, color, and scent effect) were determined. The obtained data were evaluated using PAST 4.03 data analysis software and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). In addition, cluster analysis was performed to examine the distribution of these plants according to the determined landscape use parameters. With the classification practices, plants were defined in 4 different groups, and it was observed that the parameters were effective in the classification of the species. It was concluded that PC1 and PC2 heavily determined the grouping with parameters such as life form, flowering period, color effect and flower color.
Isoflurane and Pentobarbital Anesthesia for Pulmonary Studies Requiring Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation in Mice
Authors: Nemzek Jean A , Hakenjos John M , Hoenerhoff Mark J , Fry Christopher D
Published: December 2023

Mechanical ventilation can be used in mice to support high-risk anesthesia or to create clinically relevant, intensive care models. However, the choice of anesthetic and inspired oxygen concentration for prolonged procedures may affect basic physiology and lung inflammation. To characterize the effects of anesthetics and oxygen concentration in mice experiencing mechanical ventilation, mice were anesthetized with either isoflurane or pentobarbital for tracheostomy followed by mechanical ventilation with either 100% or 21% oxygen. Body temperature, oxygen saturation, and pulse rate were monitored continuously. After 6 h, mice were euthanized for collection of blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for evaluation of biomarkers of inflammation and lung injury, including cell counts and cytokine levels. Overall, both isoflurane and pentobarbital provided suitable anesthesia for 6 h of mechanical ventilation with either 21% or 100% oxygen. We found no differences in lung inflammation biomarkers attributable to either oxygen concentration or the anesthetic. However, the combination of pentobarbital and 100% oxygen resulted in a significantly higher concentration of a biomarker for lung epithelial cell injury. This study demonstrates that the combination of anesthetic agent, mechanical ventilation, and inspired oxygen concentrations can alter vital signs and lung injury biomarkers during prolonged procedures. Their combined impact may influence model development and the interpretation of research results, warranting the need for preliminary evaluation to establish the baseline effects.
Evaluating TOEFL ITP Test: A Critical Review
Authors: Dalimunte Ahmad Amin , Tika Ade , Dalimunte Muhammad , Tanjung Ayumi Pratiwy , Suryani Irma
Published: December 2023

The critical objective of this present study is to conduct substantial evaluation of TOEFL as a language assessment tool. Using a qualitative method, the authors of the present study evaluated various specific issues based on a set of predetermined criteria such as practicality, test reliability, validity, authenticity, and washback impact. The analysis indicates that TEOFL ITP is both feasible and dependable. The TOEFL's dependability is based on these three components. However, unless the ITP test is altered from the previously used TOEFL, the TOEFL ITP is as reliable as the TOEFL PBT. In theory, its trustworthiness is uncertain, and more investigation is needed. It is debatable whether the TOEFL ITP test items can accurately represent this task when utilized for the placement test. TOEFL ITP is a reliable English test. Knowing the TOEFL significance encourages test takers to enhance their English skills as part of the exam. More students want to take lessons to enhance their grades.
Code Mixing in WhatsApp Chats Made by Bilingual Immigrant of Pakistan
Authors: Adisaturrahimi Andi , Hadi Muhammad Zaki Pahrul
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to analyze the types of code mixing, especially those found on WhatsApp social media made by bilingual immigrants of Pakistan in everyday life. The descriptive methodology was utilized by the researchers to carry out this study, which concentrated on code-mixing. This study examined how English was used by immigrants to connect with friends in Malaysia, Indonesia, and other countries as well as with friends who were also immigrants from Pakistan who were living in Makassar. The research subject has been living in Makassar for three years. Data was obtained through observation on the WhatsApp of the Bilingual Immigrant account. In order to assess the data, Hoffman's (1991) theory was used. Data analysis revealed that there were five instances of "Intra-Sentential" code-mixing, five instances of "Intra-lexical" code-mixing, and zero instances of code-mixing "involving a change of pronunciation".
Operação Barbies Macumbeiras
Authors: Schuchter Rofino Ana Luísa , Carrera Malerba João Paulo
Published: December 2023

O artigo analisa a dinâmica dos discursos codificados e socialmente partilhados sobre as Comunidades Tradicionais de Terreiro (CTTro) através dos memes “Barbies Macumbeiras: qual você é?” de um perfil no Instagram. Compreendendo as imagens de controle como a dimensão ideológica do racismo (BUENO, 2020; COLLINS, 2019), analisamos como as narrativas acionadas produzem significações ligadas à lógica do racismo religioso ao aplicar a ideologia da boneca Barbie ao sagrado preto. Assume-se que a zona fronteiriça da discursividade (SODRÉ, 2023) atua na conservação de valores racialmente discriminatórios a partir das plataformas de mídias sociais.
F.W. von Bauer and Russian Mapping of Moldavia and Wallachia
Authors: Davies Brian
Published: December 2023

During the Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774 the advance of G.A. Rumiantsev’s First Army after its great victories at Riabaia Mogila, Larga, and Kagul was slowed by several factors, including the lack of adequate maps of southern Moldavia and Wallachia and the Turkish fortress line along the Danube. This problem was finally addressed by Lt General Friedrich Wilhelm von Bauer (1731–1783), a talented engineer in Russian service, a hero of the Riabaia Mogila and Larga battles, and author of a project to organize a Russian General Staff along Prussian lines. Bauer’s surveying work facilitated the Russians’ successful drive across the Danube in 1773 and this surveying work informed the remarkably detailed map of Moldavia he published in 1775 and 1781. The data he gathered for a similar map of Wallachia was published in his Mémoires historiques et géographiques sur la Valachie, avec un prospectus d’un Atlas géographique et militaire de la derniére guerre entre la Russie et la Porte Ottomanne (1778). Bauer’s work as a geographer and cartographer contributed to European knowledge of the geography and chorography of the Danubian region and illustrated the increasing impact of technicalism upon Russian military development in the eighteenth century.
Skepticism, Faith and the Problem of Historical Authenticity
Authors: Knight Nathaniel
Published: December 2023

Epistemological questions concerning the reliability of historical knowledge and the establishment of truth, which we continue to confront today, were an urgent concern for Nikolai Nadezhdin in the aftermath of his arrest in 1836 resulting from his publication of Petr Chaadaev’s Philosophical Letter. In the months following his arrest he published a trio of articles, at least partially written while in confinement, which address the problem of historical knowledge and seek to expand the range of sources available to historians. This article traces the outlines of Nadezhdin’s argument particularly with regard to historical methodology and the reliability of sources. In seeking to incorporate new sources of historical knowledge, Nadezhdin set out for the first time key principles that would later inform his influential views on the methods and goals of ethnography as a scholarly field.
Elite Women in Pre-Mongol Chronicles
Authors: Mikhailova Yulia
Published: December 2023

This paper examines Rus’ chronicles’ information about female political participation. Frequent omission of women’s given names in the chronicles is often interpreted as evidence that Rus princesses were less politically significant than Western and Byzantine elite women. An analysis of East Slavonic name usage offered below challenges this interpretation. The paper argues that the scarcity of information about women in the extant sources does not reflect the realities of pre-Mongol Rus, and that elite women in Rus were no less politically active than their counterparts in the rest of Europe.
Avaliação psicossocial e disfunção temporomandibular em graduandos em Odontologia
Authors: Souza Danilo Moura de , Ruas Natália Oliveira , Xavier Christian Matos Gonçalves , Santos Rodrigo Caldeira dos , David Ludmilla Regina de Souza
Published: December 2023

O presente estudo objetivou analisar a ocorrência de fatores psicossociais e disfunção temporomandibular (DTM) em graduandos em Odontologia. Realizou-se um estudo transversal, quantitativo, descritivo e analítico. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados 3 questionários validados, a fim de avaliar o senso de coerência (SOC), ansiedade, depressão e DTM dos discentes, além de perguntas relacionadas ao desenvolvimento acadêmico. Houve adesão de 108 estudantes, 75% do sexo feminino e 49,1% se autoavaliaram com sintomas de DTM. Aproximadamente 36% obtiveram níveis baixos de ansiedade, sendo maior nas mulheres. A maioria encontra-se satisfeito com o desempenho acadêmico, apesar da dificuldade de aprendizado, insatisfação com a rotina e medo de falar em público. A glossofobia foi estatisticamente mais frequente entre as mulheres. Ainda, nos períodos intermediários identificou-se maior insatisfação com a rotina. O SOC médio dos participantes foi de 56,67±8,27 e mostrou-se mais baixo naqueles com elevados níveis de depressão. A ansiedade em níveis altos foi associada com os sintomas de DTM. Portanto, conclui-se que cerca de metade dos discentes de Odontologia apresenta algum sinal de DTM, ansiedade e depressão em níveis baixos, SOC mediano e satisfação com o desempenho acadêmico, apesar das adversidades curriculares.
ESPIRITUALIDADE NA VISÃO DO ADOECIDO COM CÂNCER: REFLEXÃO À LUZ DE MERLEAU-PONTY
Authors: Silva Sales do Amaral Laís , Costa Rosa Andrade Silva Rose Mary , Ramos Pereira Eliane , Mengal Gomes Fabri Janaína , Bessa de Paulo Verônica
Published: December 2023

Objetivo: Refletir acerca da espiritualidade na vivência das neoplasias malignas na percepção do adoecido, a partir do referencial teórico Merleau-Ponty. Método: Trata-se de um estudo de reflexão fundamentado na base teórica de Maurice Merleau-Ponty, discutindo três pontos: percepção, corporeidade e ser-no-mundo. Resultados: Os estudos corroboram e enfatizam a relevância da espiritualidade na vida e seu significado para esses pacientes como estímulo a prosseguir e enfrentar com segurança e apoio, a vivência do câncer o que promove o aumento da qualidade de vida e melhora clínica. Para tal demanda os profissionais devem se preparar a fim de realizar intervenções humanizadas e encorajadoras. Considerações finais: Os achados contribuem com as áreas da saúde pública e enfermagem no melhor manejo clínico, por sua relevância e impacto clínico, com melhora da saúde, redução de agravos e por consequência redução de ônus para os cofres públicos.
Tikus Island's Edu Maritime Tourism (Marine Edu Park) Infrastructure Development Strategy
Authors: Novanda Ridha Rizki , Zamdial Zamdial , Nabiu Musriyadi , Hartono Dede , Anggoro Ari , Johan Yar
Published: December 2023

This Study aims to analyse developing a strategy for developing the tourist infrastructure on Tikus Island.  Information accessibility was determined to be the priority strategy that was urgently required based on the findings of the analysis performed using AHP.  This strategy aims to enhance travellers' overall travel experiences by encouraging them to make educated decisions.  Information on marine tourism is essential, especially on a small island like Tikus Island.  Second, the accessibility and condition of public restrooms for tourists.  Third, the significance of having appropriate transit vessels to accommodate maritime visitors.  Fourth, the strategy concentrates on offering suitable lodging choices and amenities for maritime tourists Fifth, it stresses the accessibility of dining establishments geared toward marine tourists.  Sixth, it focuses on giving visitors access to sufficient parking.  It seeks to address guests' parking requirements when they arrive in private vehicles by providing easy-to-access parking places close to popular tourist attractions.  Seventh, highlights the value of having efficient management processes to deal with potential risks and emergencies.  Supporting variables were found to have a tourism infrastructure development strategy on Tikus Island.  This research explains a lot about the new types of infrastructure that can be applied in the region.  The recommendations given have long-term development goals and strategic innovations.  The results of this study are beneficial as a reference for sustainable regional development that focuses on increasing the income of coastal communities.  Utilization of Tikus Island natural resources with good facilities.
Quality Characteristics of Robusta Coffee (Coffea Canephora) Farmer Group in The Village of Tebat Island, Rejang Lebong Regency with Variation of Roasting Long Time
Authors: Lumbanraja Arthia Isah Hartanti , Budiyanto Budiyanto , Yuwana Yuwana
Published: December 2023

Tebat Pulau Village is, a formerly protected forest area that has now become a community social forest processed and planted with robusta coffee. Robusta coffee from the Tebat Pulau Village Farmers Group is of good quality because it is in great demand and attracts the attention of large buyers. However, it is not yet known what the quality profile, the criteria for roasted coffee and the preferred quality of brewed coffee are. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the quality profile of rice coffee, the physical and chemical characteristics of ground coffee and the brewing quality of robusta coffee during roasting time. The experimental design used was Completely Randomized Design with one factor. The factor tested was roasting time (P), which consisted of 4 treatment levels, namely P1:10 minutes, P 2:11 minutes, P3:12 minutes, P4:13 minutes with roaster temperature 200°C and bean temperature 107°C . The research was carried out with 3 repetitions to produce 12 experimental units. The results showed that the coffee from the Tebat Pulau Village Farmer Group had quite large coffee beans with a water content value of 9.00%, had quite a lot of lanang (peaberry bean) coffee beans, and had a total defect value of 13.83. Ground coffee samples with a long roasting time significantly affected water content, color, ash content, coffee essence, and caffeine content. The best-brewed coffee quality was obtained at 12 minutes of roasting time with a final score of 8.50, which is included in the "fine" category.
Diversity of Soil Arthropods in Three Elevations of Coffee Plantations, Tebat Pulau Village, Bermani Ulu, Rejang Lebong District
Authors: Fauzi Ariffatchur , Zarkani Agustin , Kamil Maulana Insanul , Putri Elsa Lolita , Novrian Willi , Oktoyoki Hefri , Yuwita S Fitri , Wibowo Hariz Eko , Ifebri Rihan
Published: December 2023

Coffee is a leading commodity in Bengkulu Province, whose production still needs to be improved. One of the supporting factors for coffee fruit production is the existence of a good soil arthropod ecosystem. Information regarding the diversity of soil arthropods can be considered in evaluating coffee plants' health. This research aims to obtain initial data on the diversity of soil arthropods and their role in central coffee plantations in Tebat Pulau Village, Bermani Ulu District, Rejang Lebong Regency. This research began with taking soil samples from productive coffee plantations. The type of coffee plant sampled was robusta coffee at an altitude of 900, 1000, and 1100 meters above sea level. Next, the soil taken is placed in the bottom funnel. Arthropods obtained from the Berlesse funnel were identified and counted. The results of counting arthropods are used to calculate diversity, dominance, and evenness index numbers. The results show moderate variability in the three types of elevation: low dominance, high evenness. Research also shows that the highest number of arthropods is found at an altitude of 900 m, and the most common type is acarina.
Artikel karya ilmiah tarian woleka di Sumba barat daya
Authors: Bili Bertolomeus Juven
Published: December 2023

Catatan mengenai tarian woleka sebagai kearifan lokal masyarakat Sumba barat daya
Detecting Careless Responding in Multidimensional Forced-Choice Questionnaires
Authors: Kupffer Rebekka , Frick Susanne , Wetzel Eunike
Published: December 2023

The multidimensional forced-choice (MFC) format is an alternative to rating scales in which participants rank items according to how well the items describe them. Currently, little is known about how to detect careless responding in MFC data. The aim of this study was to adapt a number of indices used for rating scales to the MFC format and additionally develop several new indices that are unique to the MFC format. We applied these indices to a data set from an online survey (N = 1,169) that included a series of personality questionnaires in the MFC format. The correlations among the careless responding indices were somewhat lower than those published for rating scales. Results from a latent profile analysis suggested that the majority of the sample (about 76 – 84%) did not respond carelessly, though the ones who did were characterized by different levels of careless responding. In a simulation study, we simulated different careless responding patterns and varied the overall proportion of carelessness in the samples. With one exception, the indices worked as intended conceptually. Taken together, the results suggest that careless responding also plays an important role in the MFC format. Recommendations on how it can be addressed are discussed.
Pentingnya Karakter Pendidikan Membentuk Generasi Z
Authors: putri hardiyanti hasanah
Published: December 2023

Karakter pendidikan merupakan kualitas atau sifat yang dapat dijadikan sebagai ciri untuk mengidentifikasi suatu objek yang dalam hal ini karakter peserta didik. Karakter pendidikan merujuk pada visi misi, kurikulum, metode pengajaran, serta peran guru atau pendidik. Dalam hal ini, peran guru atau pendidik sangatlah penting, karena pendidik menjadi contoh langsung bagi peserta didik.
Kemampuan Siswa dalam Menulis Teks Anekdot
Authors: Sari Devita
Published: December 2023

Kemampuan menulis tidak dapat diperoleh secara instan, tetapi diperoleh dan dikuasai dengan jalan praktik dan latihan secara teratur terus-menerus. Oleh karena itu, pembelajaran menulis harus dilakukan secara intensif di sekolah. Salah satunya adalah dengan cara menulis teks anekdot. Sesuai prinsip pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia dalam kurikulum yaitu berbasis teks, maka teks anekdot termasuk di antara teks yang harus dipelajari siswa. Dari berbagai jenis teks, teks anekdot lebih dari sekadar teks pembelajaran, dimana teks anekdot dapat menjadi alat untuk mengembangkan kemampuan dan kepribadian siswa. Teks anekdot dapat pula digunakan sebagai sumber belajar dalam mengembangkan keterampilan menulis sastra. Selain sebagai peningkatan kompetensi berbahasa, anekdot mampu mengembangkan keterampilan literasi, juga mampu untuk membentuk karakter anak didik karena secara kontekstual anekdot atau bentuk humor lain telah menjadi bagian dari hidup manusia saat ini (Ainiyah dkk, 2020).
Media Pembelajaran dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Menulis Siswa Berbasis Digital
Authors: Hartanti Vitria
Published: December 2023

Menulis merupakan kemampuan yang harus dikuasai oleh peserta didik. Menulis merupakan aktivitas dalam mengekspresikan ide, gagasan, pikiran atau perasaan dalam lambing kebahasaan (Sukirman, 2022). Menulis membuat seseorang harus mampu dalam penggunaan diksi dan penataan kalimat yang baik. Kemudian dalam menulis perlu diperhatikan penggunaan tanda baca dan ejaan.Keterampilan dalam menulis melibatkan keterampilan dalam berbahasa yakni penggunaan bahasa dan pengelolaan isi. Hal ini karena di dalam menulis melibatkan pemilihan diksi. Keterampilan dalam penggunaan bahasa membuat seseorang dapat menambah pengetahuan mengenai kosa kata. Semakin banyak kosa kata yang diketahui maka akan semakin baik pula seseorang dalam keterampilan menulis karena semakin baik dalam pemilihan kosa kata dalam menyampaikan ide dan gagasan (Lestari et al, 2023). Sebagai seorang guru sudah seharusnya memilih media atau perangkat ajar yang tepat agar keterampilan menulis siswa dapat meningkat. Media pembelajaran adalah alat yang digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran dalam menyampaikan pesan atau informasi (Nurrita, 2018). Sebagai seorang guru dapat mengembangkan media pembelajaran yang kreatif dan sesuai dengan kebutuhan siswa.Era globalisasi menuntut guru terus melakukan inovasi. Inovasi yang dilakukan guru telah didukung dengan berbagai aspek kemajuan teknologi. Pengembangan media pembelajaran untuk meningkatkan kemampuan menulis dapat dikembangkan guru dengan penggunaan teknologi ataupun tidak. Jika dilihat dari kemajuan teknologi dan sekolah dapat menyediakan fasilitas berbasis teknologi, tentunya guru harus memanfaatkan hal tersebut dalam menentukan media pembelajaran yang berbasis digital untuk meningkatkan kemampuan menulis siswa.
Pengembangan Metode Pencegahan Korosi pada Mesin Industri
Authors: Bahrul Adi
Published: December 2023

Korosi logam didukung oleh sejumlah variabel, termasuk reaktivitas mereka, kehadiran kontaminan, pH dan suhu larutan, dan teknik industry Seperti pengasapan, pembersihan asam, pemotongan, desalinasi, dan sebagainya [14]. Untuk melawan korosi, beberapa metode telah diterapkan untuk mencegah korosi antara lain. Perencanaan yang tepat, pemilihan bahan yang hati-hati, elektrokimia, lapisan pelindung, dan penambahan inhibitor korosi. Penggunaan inhibitor korosi sering dianggap sebagai metode yang paling praktis dan paling tidak memakan waktu[15] .Penggunaan inhibitor korosi sering dianggap sebagai metode yang paling praktis dan paling tidak memakan waktu untuk mencegah korosi. Inhibitor korosi dapat digunakan untuk mencegah korosi pada berbagai logam, termasuk besi, baja, aluminium, dan tembaga. [16]Penggunaan Inhibitor korosi digunakan dalam berbagai industri, antara lain: industri minyak dan gas digunakan untuk mencegah korosi pada pipa minyak dan gas. Industri pengolahan makanan digunakan untuk mencegah korosi pada peralatan pengolahan makanan. Industri farmasi digunakan untuk mencegah korosi pada peralatan farmasi. Industri maritim digunakan untuk mencegah korosi pada kapal laut. Industri otomotif digunakan untuk mencegah korosi pada kendaraan.Penggunaan inhibitor korosi dapat membantu mengurangi biaya perbaikan dan penggantian peralatan yang disebabkan oleh korosi [17].Dalam upaya untuk menemukan cara untuk menghentikan korosi sebelum dimulai. Para peneliti selalu bekerja untuk memajukan state of the art dalam teknologi tahan korosi. Ada beberapa strategi yang berbeda untuk menghambat korosi yang sekarang tersedia [18]. Adapun metode pencegahan telah dikembangkan pencegahan pasif, pencegahan aktif, dan terstruktur. Metode pencegahan pasif menggunakan lapisan pelindung, seperti cat, pelapisan logam, dan anodisasi. Metode pencegahan aktif meliputi penggunaan proteksi katodik, proteksi anodik, dan proteksi kimia. Metode pencegahan terstruktur meliputi desain dan konstruksi yang tepat untuk mengurangi paparan korosi [19].
PROBLEMATIKA KEGURUAN DI ERA DIGITAL
Authors: SULASRAR
Published: December 2023

Artikel ini membahas perubahan dalam pendidikan akibat Era Digital, dengan fokus pada peran guru. Guru menghadapi tantangan dalam mengadaptasi diri terhadap perkembangan teknologi, mempengaruhi lanskap pembelajaran. Adaptasi guru memiliki dampak positif seperti peningkatan akses dan inovasi pembelajaran, tetapi juga menimbulkan kesenjangan akses dan potensi isolasi sosial peserta didik. Artikel menyoroti pentingnya keseimbangan penggunaan teknologi, pendidikan karakter, peran orang tua, dan kebijakan sekolah efektif dalam menghadapi dampak negatif. Dengan menekankan peran guru sebagai fasilitator, artikel ini memberikan pandangan praktis untuk menciptakan lingkungan pembelajaran yang dinamis di era digital.
Pentingnya Profesionalisme Guru dalam Inovasi Pembelajaran
Authors: Sari Afra Madina
Published: December 2023

Guru adalah salah satu komponen yang penting dalam sebuah kegiatan belajar mengajar. Profesionalisme seorang guru dapat dilihat dari kompetensi yang dimilikinya seperti kompetensi pedagogik, kepribadian, sosial, dan professional. Selama kegiatan belajar mengajar guru diharapkan dapat mengembangkan keprofesionalismenya agar dapat meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran. Kemudian, dengan kompetetensi tersebut guru juga dapat merancang proses pembelajaran yang ingin dilaksanakan agar lebih baik daripada sebelumnya. Guru juga diharapkan dapat menciptakan kondisi belajar yang membuat siswa lebih kreatif serta memotivasi siswa untuk menggunakan berbagai media, cara belajar dan sumber yang berbeda dari sebelumnya agar mencapai tujuan pembelajaran yang dinginkan.Tujuan pembelajaran disekolah sangat membutuhkan inovasi baru dalam proses pembelajaran agar dapat berkembang mengikuti tuntutan zaman. Adapun Upaya yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan melakukan inovasi pembelajaran yang dilakukan oleh guru yang professional. Dengan dilakukannya inovasi pembelajaran tersebut diharapkan dapat memperbaiki pembelajaran sebelummya kea rah yang lebih baik lagi.
American Public Opinion on Abortion is Less Polarized than Pro-Life and Pro-Choice Labels Suggest: Evidence from Two Surveys
Authors: Hernandez Natalie
Published: December 2023

Standard survey measures on abortion commonly employed by polling groups and scholars oversimplify Americans' preferences on abortion. They do so by falsely dichotomizing abortion policy preferences into `pro-life' and `pro-choice' categories. However, these survey measures do not reflect American public opinion on abortion as it is being debated in the post-\textit{Roe} world, where states are now deciding when and for what reasons abortions should be allowed. As a result, new survey measures are required. In this paper, I present descriptive findings of Americans’ policy preferences that align with the current policy debates (n = $2,005$). The survey incorporates both standard pro-choice/pro-life survey questions and new questions that explore abortion policy preferences across the two dimensions being debated: the reasons for seeking an abortion and the gestational age when the woman decides to undergo the procedure. I find that conventional measures incorrectly polarize abortion attitudes. Instead, I find that most respondents support legalized abortion with time restrictions that vary according to the reason. These findings underscore the need for finer-grained tools when studying public opinion and how question wording impacts results.
Metabolic, Cardiovascular, Neuromuscular, and Perceptual Responses to a Repeated Military-Specific Load Carriage Treadmill Simulations
Authors: Vine Christopher , Coakley Sarah , Blacker Sam , Runswick Oliver , Myers Stephen
Published: December 2023

Objectives: Bouts of military load carriage are rarely completed in isolation; however limited research has investigated the physiological responses to repeated load carriage tasks. Design: Twelve civilian men, (age, 28 ± 8 y; stature, 185.6 ± 5.8 cm; body mass 84.3 ± 11.1 kg; maximal oxygen uptake, 51.5 ± 6.4 mL·kg-1·min-1) attended the laboratory on two occasions to undertake a familiarisation and an experimental session. Methods: Following their familiarisation session, participants completed three bouts of a fast load carriage protocol (FLCP; ~65-minutes), carrying 25 kg, interspersed with a 65-minute recovery period. Physiological strain (oxygen uptake [V̇O2], heart rate [HR]) were assessed during the FLCP bouts, and physical performance assessments (weighted counter-movement jump [wCMJ], maximal isometric voluntary contraction of the quadriceps [MIVC], seated medicine ball throw [SMBT]) were measured pre- and post- each FLCP bout. Results: A main effect for bout and measurement time was evident for V̇O2 and HR (both p<0.001, Ѡ2= 0.103-0.816). There was no likely change in SMBT distance (p=0.201, Ѡ2=0.004), but MIVC peak force reduced by approximately 25% across measurement points (p<0.001, Ѡ2=0.133). A mean percentage change of approximately -12% from initial values, was also evident for peak wCMJ height (p=0.001, Ѡ2=0.028). Conclusions: Collectively, these data demonstrate that repeated FLCP bouts result in an elevated physiological strain for each successive bout, along with a substantial reduction in lower body power (wCMJ and MIVC). Future research should therefore investigate possible mitigation strategies, in an attempt to maintain role-related capability.
INOVASI PEMBELAJARAN SEBAGAI UPAYA MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: Jelia
Published: December 2023

Motivasi sering kali disamakan dengan “semangat”. Motivasi ini menjadi dasar bagi siswa untuk memperoleh hasil belajar yang maksimal, dimana hasil belajar akan menentukan pencapaian hasil yang diharapkan dan nilai yang diperoleh dari hasil belajar juga akan menjadi penentu ketuntasan belajar siswa yang berpengaruh pada naik tidaknya siswa ke jenjang berikutnya. Tak dapat dipungkiri pada saat ini banyak peserta didik yang kehilangan motivasi belajarnya, salah satu faktor hilangnya motivasi belajar ini yaitu proses pembelajaran dikelas yang monoton dan guru hanya menggunakan metode ceramah, hal ini membuat siswa merasa bosan dan tidak betah belajar di dalam kelas sehingga siswa akan lebih senang bermain di luar kelas dari pada belajar di kelas. Dampak negatifnya ialah siswa akan malas sekolah dan akhirnya bolos, malas mengerjakan tugas, kurang konsentrasi, kurang bergairah mengikuti pembelajaran di kelas, keluar masuk kelas dengan alasan tidak jelas, dan lain sebagainya. Jika tidak adanya upaya yang dilakukan dalam meningkatkan motivasi belajar pada siswa, hal ini akan mengakibatkan semakin turunnya kualitas pendidikan dikarenakan pencapaian hasil belajar siswa juga tidak akan mencapai hasil maksimal dari yang telah ditentukan.Sebagai seorang guru berkewajiban untuk menumbuhkan motivasi belajar siswa terutama pada saat guru melakukan proses pembelajaran di kelas. Guru dituntut agar dapat menjadi lebih kreatif dalam menentukan metode pembelajaran untuk membangkitkan motivasi belajar siswa. Di abad 21 ini banyak sekali teknologi-teknologi yang semakin berkembang sehingga dapat memudahkan manusia. Dengan banyaknya inovasi-inovasi terbaru guru dapat dengan mudah memilih metode-metode pembelajaran yang tepat dan pembelajaran yang dibutuhkan siswa, sehingga pembelajaran dikelas akan lebih menyenangkan membuat siswa akan menjadi betah berada di dalam kelas dan senang mengikuti pembelajaran.
Trauma-informed Lawyering A State of the Knowledge Review
Authors: Maylea Chris , Chen Jennifer , Cashman Laura , Le Couteur Esther
Published: December 2023

Trauma-informed lawyering is an emerging practice in which legal services and practitioners recognise and respond to the impact of trauma on individuals who come into contact with the legal system. Trauma can be defined as an event or series of events that overwhelm an individual’s ability to cope, leaving them feeling helpless, powerless, and vulnerable. Trauma can result from a range of experiences, including physical, sexual, or emotional abuse, neglect, violence, or other forms of harm. Trauma can profoundly impact an individual’s mental, emotional, and physical health, as well as their ability to engage with the legal system. Trauma-informed lawyering is a specific application of the broader concept of trauma-informed care. Trauma-informed care is an approach to healthcare and welfare provision that recognises the impact of trauma on individuals and seeks to provide care sensitive to the needs of trauma survivors. A focus on safety, trustworthiness, choice, collaboration, and empowerment characterises trauma-informed care. Trauma-informed lawyering applies these principles in the delivery of legal services, recognising that individuals who have experienced trauma may have unique needs and challenges when engaging with the legal system. Originating in the United States (US) and then expanding to other jurisdictions, trauma-informed lawyering seeks to address the impact of trauma on individuals who come into contact with the legal system by providing legal services that are sensitive to the needs of trauma survivors. This approach recognises that traditional legal service delivery may not be appropriate for individuals who have experienced trauma, and that legal professionals need to be trained in trauma-informed practice to provide effective and compassionate legal services. This State of the Knowledge Review provides a comprehensive overview of the current research and literature regarding trauma-informed legal practice. The review includes a detailed literature search methodology, which involved searching scholarly databases and grey literature and contacting local and international experts. The review identified several key themes relevant to trauma-informed legal services or lawyering, including the importance of incorporating the service user perspective, the need for trauma-informed legal service delivery, challenges of implementing trauma-informed legal practice and future directions for development.
STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN INOVATIF DALAM MENGASAH KETERAMPILAN PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Fadilah Hafiah
Published: December 2023

Pembelajaran inovatif di sekolah merupakan strategi pembelajaran yang menekankan kepada penyampaian materi kepada siswa dengan metode yang lebih terbaru dan menyenangkan, berupa pembelajaran berbasis masalah, peningkatan kemampuan berpikir, pembelajaran kooperatif, pembelajaran kontekstual, pembelajaran afektif, dan pendekatan ilmiah. Strategi pembelajaran inovatif muncul karena permasalahan yang ditemukan pada proses pembelajaran, yaitu masih ada siswa yang sulit fokus terhadap materi yang disampaikan, sehingga bosan ketika kegiatan proses belajar mengajar di kelas. Suasana pembelajaran yang menyenangkan dengan cara yang baru secara tidak langsung memberi kebebasan berpikir seluas-luasnya, tanpa adanya rasa beban takut salah pada peserta didik. Kebebasan berpikir dalam pembelajaran yang demikian sangat kondusif untuk melatih berpikir kreatif dan imajinatif.
GUBERSIDENSI: Guru Berstrategi, Bersinergi, Berdedikasi, dan Berjiwa Sosial Tinggi
Authors: Sari Yunita
Published: December 2023

Guru bagaikan pelita yang menerangi kegelapan. Segala bentuk tanda jasa yang diberikan tak akan pernah meminta imbalan. Pendidikan yang dilalui oleh guru tentu saja tidak mudah. Ada berbagai macam bidang keilmuan yang harus dipelajari untuk menjadi seorang guru. Guru dituntut untuk mampu memberikan bentuk pengajaran yang sudah didapatkan kepada peserta didik. Menjadi guru yang bertanggungjawab dan bisa menjalankan tugas dengan baik adalah impian setiap guru. Namun, terkadang banyak hal menjadi faktor penghambat guru dalam melakukan pekerjaannya, mulai dari kesejahteraan yang belum merata hingga gaji atau intensif yang tidak sesuai dengan jam terbang. Maka dari itu, guru memerlukan sebuah kekuatan dari dalam diri, mulai dari niat yang ikhlas kemudian harus ada rasa cinta akan profesi dan juga semangat berdedikasi dan menyusun strategi untuk bersinergi dan mengabdi dengan jiwa sosial yang tinggi kepada instasi pendidikan dan juga negeri.
I mildly disagree that our opinions should not be averaged. A commentary on Carpentras and Quayle (2023)
Authors: Cantone Giulio Giacomo
Published: December 2023

The article “The psychometric house-of-mirrors: the effect of measurement distortions on agent-based models’ predictions” claims that in general ordinal scales are biased measures of latent constructs and parametrisation of Agent-Based Models (ABMs) after parametric estimates fit on measurements on ordinal scales do not generally converge into coherent inferences. I argue that the assumptions of their results do not generalise and I use to argument to claim that the parametric fit of ordinal scales can be relaxed under less restrictive methodological assumptions, conversely that the sample of respondents is unbiased and that items are semantically well-designed. My logic is the following: i. differently by the authors, I notice that ordinal scales differ substantially by rankings in their probabilistic structure; ii. it follows that, without assuming strong ontological axioms, Uniformity is not ideal for ordinal scales, hence the simulation of the authors holds only a partial validity; iii. I conclude that well-designed surveys are relatively immune from the kind of distortions modeled by authors because with a good survey design idiosyncratic distortions annihilate into regular noise. In the Conclusions I suggest adopting an approach for the parametrisation of Agent-Based Models based on mixture models.
Can a Normed Fit Index Assist with Model Selection in Latent Class Analysis with Large Samples? A Preliminary Investigation
Authors: Ryan Eva , Dziak John J. , Purtill Helen , Bray Bethany C.
Published: December 2023

Latent class analysis (LCA) is a popular method in the social and behavioral sciences for identifying subgroups of individuals characterized by unique patterns of behaviors. A pragmatic challenge is selection of the optimal number of latent classes, and it is often necessary to take a data-driven approach. With large sample sizes, penalized fit criteria and likelihood ratio-based significance testing can suggest impractically large numbers of classes. Analogues of the normed fit index (NFI), non-normed fit index (NNFI), and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) from the structural equation modeling literature were considered for use with LCA. Potential advantages and limitations of these fit indices were examined through two real-world data examples and a small simulation study. Results suggested that traditional cutoffs for the NFI/NNFI may not be equally useful for LCA and that the RMSEA may have quite limited usefulness for LCA.
Object feature memory is distorted by category structure
Authors: Tandoc Marlie C , Dong Cody , Schapiro Anna
Published: December 2023

Some information links our experiences together while other information sets them apart. This poses a challenge for our memory systems, as learning shared features benefits from integration across instances to capture similarities, whereas learning unique features benefits from separation to avoid interference. We leveraged a color memory distortion paradigm to evaluate how we approach this representational tension when rapidly learning a structured novel domain. In two experiments, we trained participants over the course of half an hour on the shared and unique features of categories of novel objects, where each feature had a color drawn from a 2D continuous color space. There were no differences in how accurately participants remembered the color of shared and unique features overall, but when inaccurate, participants misremembered the color of shared (relative to unique) features as more similar to the category’s average color, suggesting that these features become more integrated. We show the same rapid representational warping in a neural network model trained on the same categories, providing an account of how a simple learning process can generate these biases. Together, this work shows how memories for different features, even those within the same object, become rapidly and differentially warped as a function of their roles in a category.
Errors Are The Stepping Stones to Learning: Trial-by-Trial Modeling Reveals Overwhelming Evidence for Mediator Retrievals of Previous Errors in Memory Consolidation
Authors: Leonard Bridget , Stocco Andrea , Hake Holly Sue
Published: December 2023

Recent studies suggest that errors facilitate learning in certain conditions. Despite this,reinforcement paradigms dominate learning methods, subscribing to the narrative that errorlesslearning is the foundation of an ideal learning environment. If we continue to view learning fromthis restrictive perspective, we may fail to capture and apply the benefits of errors. In this paper,we investigate two potential mechanisms of learning from errors. Participants (N = 61) learnedword pairs in either a study or error trial before taking a final test. Supporting past error learningliterature, errors before a study opportunity led to better performance on a final test. Differencesin reaction times between conditions support the theory that errors increase learning by acting asa mediator, or secondary cue, to the correct answer on subsequent tests. Individual differences inmodel fit using log-likelihood trial-by-trial calculations solidified support for the mediatormethod.
Do personality traits predict individuals’ narratives about alcohol and cannabis use, risk, and legalisation?
Authors: Hollands Charlotte , Kiltie Jamie Thomas , Plains Charlotte , Satchell Liam
Published: December 2023

Individual differences research has demonstrated that personality trait variability can explain differences in substance use. Additionally, there is evidence of variability in how people talk about the perceived risks and motivations for substance use. This narrative variability is the focus of many clinical and public health interventions. Little existing research has triangulated the engagement with substance use behaviours, personality traits, and individual narratives. In the current study, we investigated the relationship between HEXACO personality traits, alcohol and cannabis usage, and open response narratives related to substance use, legalisation, risks, and benefits. In a combined analysis of two UK general population samples (Sample One, N= 211, Sample Two, N= 200), we find evidence of Openness and Honesty-Humility predicting engagement with alcohol and cannabis. We found no convincing evidence of traits predicting narratives around engaging with substances, nor did we find consistent evidence of specific narratives related to use. Descriptively, our findings report on common narratives participants used to describe their perceived reasons for use, risks, benefits, perceptions of users, and value of legislation change. This study finds that whilst narratives and traits relate to substance use outcomes, more work is needed to understand how these processes interact using mixed methods research.
A meta-analysis of 97 studies reveals that statistical learning and language ability are only weakly correlated
Authors: Boeve Sam , Zhou Haoyu , Bogaerts Louisa
Published: December 2023

Despite the widely held belief that individual differences in statistical learning (SL) abilities are associated with linguistic skills, research has produced mixed results. To provide a comprehensive assessment of the literature, we conducted a meta-analysis of 97 studies examining the correlation between SL and linguistic abilities. Results revealed a small but significant overall correlation (r = .16). Our analysis considered sample characteristics, SL task features, and the type of language test as predictors of the strength of observed correlations. Notably, variation across studies was only accounted for by SL task features (i.e., paradigm, stimulus modality and stimulus domain). No indications of publication bias were identified. These findings lend support to a positive yet limited association between SL and language outcomes and underscore the need for thoughtful task selection.
Individual Differences in Mnemonic Discrimination: The Roles of Self-Reported Encoding and Retrieval Quality
Authors: Wahlheim Christopher N. , Garlitch Sydney , Mohamed Rawan M. , Weidler Blaire J.
Published: December 2023

Memory specificity is shown in mnemonic discrimination tasks when participants reject lures that are similar to studied objects. Lure rejections may reflect hippocampal pattern separation that encodes objects distinctively, but lure features may also evoke pattern completion that undermines distinctive encoding. This was shown when self-reported encoding promoted both lure rejections and false alarms. Here, we used an experimental and individual differences approach to examine the roles of encoding and retrieval quality interactions in lure classifications. An object recognition task included thought probes during study and retrieval reports after object classifications. On-task reports were associated with lure rejections and false alarms within-subjects as well as bias-corrected lure discrimination and traditional recognition scores between-subjects. Accurate lure and target classifications were more strongly associated with recollection-based retrievals following on- than off-task reports. These results suggest that deeper encoding promoted recollection of criterial features that supported lure classifications by differentiating memories from perceptions.