bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quality financial inclusion and financial vulnerability
Authors: Chipunza Kudakwashe Joshua , Fanta Ashenafi Beyene
Published: September 2022

Despite existing evidence suggesting that financial inclusion enhances consumers' welfare, there has been no attempt to examine the link between financial inclusion and financial vulnerability, measured along multiple dimensions. We computed more comprehensive indices of financial vulnerability and financial inclusion using polychoric principal component analysis based on a nationally representative financial inclusion survey in South Africa. Results from quantile regressions show that only the top 20% of the financially included had lower vulnerability but the effect was weaker among the more vulnerable categories. Also, the decline in financial vulnerability was less pronounced when financial inclusion was narrowly defined by excluding quality indicators. These findings suggest that financial inclusion is benefitting a few consumers in South Africa which points to the need for a bottom‐up approach in designing financial products that improve the welfare of the financially included consumers.
Associations between maternal metabolic parameters during pregnancy and fetal and child growth trajectories from 20 weeks' gestation to 5 years of age: Secondary analysis from the ROLO longitudinal birth cohort study
Authors: Bartels Helena C. , O'Keeffe Linda M. , Yelverton Cara A. , O'Neill Kate N. , Geraghty Aisling A. , O'Brien Eileen C. , Killeen Sarah Louise , McDonnell Ciara , McAuliffe Fionnuala M.
Published: September 2022

Objective

To examine the association between maternal metabolic parameters in pregnancy and growth trajectories up to 5 years of age.

Methods

Data from mother–child pairs who participated in the ROLO study, a randomized trial examining the impact of a low glycaemic index diet on the recurrence of macrosomia, were analysed. Fetal and child growth trajectories were developed from longitudinal measurements from 20 weeks gestation up to 5 years of age. We examined associations between maternal fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA‐IR and leptin, taken in early pregnancy (14–16 weeks) and late pregnancy (28 weeks), and weight (kg) and abdominal circumference (cm) trajectories using linear spline multilevel models.

Results

We found no strong evidence of associations between any maternal metabolic parameters and fetal to childhood weight and abdominal circumference trajectories from 20 weeks gestation to 5 years.

Conclusion

In a cohort of women with obesity with infants at risk of macrosomia, maternal metabolic markers were not strongly associated with trajectories of weight or abdominal circumference from 20 weeks gestation to 5 years of age.
Construct validity of a personality assessment game in a simulated selection situation and the moderating roles of the ability to identify criteria and dispositional insight
Authors: Barends Ard J. , de Vries Reinout E.
Published: September 2022

There is scant research on the validity of personality assessment games in selection situations. Therefore, in two experimental simulated selection studies, the construct validity of an assessment game developed to assess honesty‐humility was tested. Both studies found no differences between a control condition and a simulated selection condition on honesty‐humility game scores. Moreover, convergent and discriminant validity with self‐reported personality were not affected by the manipulation. We obtained mixed evidence that individual differences in dispositional insight and the ability to identify criteria influenced the validity of the game. As the validity of the personality assessment game was not significantly affected in the simulated selection context, our findings may imply that well‐designed personality assessment games can be used for high‐stakes selection assessments.
Working mechanism of calcium nitrate as an accelerator for Portland cement hydration
Authors: Dorn Tobias , Hirsch Tamino , Stephan Dietmar
Published: September 2022

Precast concrete, cold weather concreting, and the emerging technique of concrete additive manufacturing are applications in which the acceleration of cement hydration plays a critical role. To allow precise control of early cement hydration in these applications, a thorough understanding of the working mechanisms of cement hydration accelerators is required. This study contributes to the understanding of the mechanism by which calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2) influences early cement hydration. The influence of Ca(NO3)2 on the hydration of an ordinary Portland cement has been followed by isothermal calorimetry, in situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD), quantitative XRD, compressive strength testing, and the analysis of the pore solution composition. Further, the initial pore solution, the initial phase composition, and the phase composition in the fully hydrated cement have been estimated by thermodynamic calculations to corroborate the experimentally obtained results. The results indicate that Ca(NO3)2, especially at the highest analyzed dosage of 5 wt.%, enhances the formation of ettringite and a nitrate‐containing AFm phase. Furthermore, Ca(NO3)2 accelerates alite hydration. Besides the increased Ca concentration in solution, it has been found that a reduction of the Al concentration in the initial pore solution by Ca(NO3)2 possibly contributes to the accelerating effect of Ca(NO3)2 on alite hydration.
Lung adenocarcinoma with an uncommon CCDC85A‐ALK fusion responding to alectinib: A case report
Authors: Lin Jieheng , Wang Wenping , Lin Jietao , Chen Ruilian , Cao Yang
Published: September 2022

A 55‐year‐old Chinese man with a right lung mass and lymph node metastasis (T4N3M0 IIIB) was diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma after a CT‐guided biopsy. With the wide application of next‐generation sequencing (NGS) in tumour detection, we found a rare CCDC85A‐ALK fusion. The patient received alectinib, which had marked efficacy. This is the first report of a lung adenocarcinoma patient harbouring a new uncommon anaplastic lymphocyte kinase fusion that showed a remarkable response to alectinib. NGS aids in selecting treatment in non‐small cell lung cancer patients.
A 12‐week exercise programme has a positive effect on everyday executive function in young people with Down syndrome: a pilot non‐randomised controlled trial
Authors: Shields N. , Mizzi N. , Buhlert‐Smith K. , Strydom A. , Prendergast L. , Hocking D. R.
Published: September 2022

Background

Exercise has the potential to reduce cognitive decline in people with Down syndrome by maximising their cognitive function. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of regular exercise on cognitive functioning in young people with Down syndrome.

Method

People with Down syndrome were eligible if aged between 13 and 35 years and enrolled to participate in an exercise programme (called FitSkills). The intervention was a 12‐week community‐based exercise programme completed with a student mentor. Outcomes were assessed before (week 0) and immediately after (week 13) the intervention. Executive functioning (planning, response inhibition, attention shifting) was assessed using Tower of London, Sustained Attention to Response Task, CANTAB Intra‐extra Dimensional Set Shift Test, Cognitive Scale for Down Syndrome, and Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). Working memory was assessed using the CANTAB Paired Associates Learning task, and information processing speed was assessed using the Motor Screening Task. Outcomes were analysed using ANCOVA with the baseline measure as the covariate.

Results

Twenty participants (9 women; mean age 23.6 ± 6.6 years) enrolled. Between‐group differences, in favour of the experimental group, were found for the global executive composite score of the BRIEF (mean difference −4.77 units, 95% CI −9.30 to −0.25). There were no between group differences for any other outcome measured.

Conclusion

Participation in a 12‐week exercise programme was effective in improving everyday executive functions in young people with Down syndrome. These preliminary findings need to be confirmed in future randomised controlled trials of community‐based exercise with larger sample sizes.
Professional grief among nurses in Spanish public health centers after caring for COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Vázquez‐Sánchez María Ángeles , Ayllón‐Pérez Victoria , Gutiérrez‐Sánchez Daniel , Valero‐Cantero Inmaculada , Fernandez‐Ordoñez Eloisa , García‐Gámez Marina , Casals Cristina
Published: September 2022

Aims and objectives

The aim of the present study is to investigate the professional grief suffered by nurses in various medical units, after coping with the COVID‐19 pandemic for the last 18 months.

Background

Addressing and acknowledging the reality of professional grief is of fundamental importance to nurses' mental health, as this condition has both professional and personal consequences.

Design

A qualitative, content analysis approach was taken.

Methods

Based on 25 interviews with nursing professionals working in different health centers units were performed. The following sampling schemes were used: first, convenience sampling, then nominated sampling, and finally theoretical sampling.

Results

From our analysis of the data obtained, three main themes were identified: the impact on nurses of COVID‐19 outcomes; the symptoms of professional grief; and cognitive reactions. These core elements interacted with 12 subtopics, including symptoms of grief and the cognitive impact produced.

Conclusions

A large proportion of the nurses consulted in this study have suffered and suffered professional grief and report many related symptoms. In response to the present pandemic and any future occurrence, the question of professional grief needs to be addressed.

Relevance to clinical practice

To help them cope better with this type of situation, nurses should receive appropriate training. Moreover, healthcare institutions should be made aware of the problem and be encouraged to offer assistance to address the impact produced on nurses by the deaths of their patients.

Clinical relevance

This study shows the impact of professional grief on nurses in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Nurses are affected personally by the deaths of patients and by alterations to their working conditions. In many cases, this grief remains unresolved and its various symptoms persist.
Influence of moisturizer containing licochalcone A, 1,2‐decanediol, L‐carnitine, and salicylic acid on facial skin lipidome among seborrhea participants
Authors: Wongtada Chanidapa , Pewlong Putthamas , Asawanonda Pravit , Noppakun Nopadon , Pongpamorn Pornkanok , Paemanee Atchara , Sirikantaramas Supaart , Kumtornrut Chanat
Published: September 2022

Background

A better understanding of skin lipidomics and its alteration under treatment administration might offer therapeutic solutions for seborrhea.

Aims

To quantitatively and qualitatively explore the lipid‐modifying effect of the moisturizer containing licochalcone A, 1,2‐decanediol, L‐carnitine, and salicylic acid (LDCS) in seborrhea participants with and without acne vulgaris (AV).

Patients/Methods

We conducted an open‐label explorative study on 20 seborrhea participants (10 AV and 10 non‐AV). All participants applied LDCS for 8 weeks with the addition of benzoyl peroxide 2.5% gel and adapalene 0.1%/benzoyl peroxide 2.5% gel in AV. Skin surface lipid (SSL) assessments were performed biweekly, using Sebumeter® and lipid‐absorbent Sebutapes® to collect forehead SSL for profile analysis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS).

Results

SSL amount significantly decreased since week 2 in AV (p‐value = 0.0124) and week 6 in non‐AV (p‐value = 0.0098), respectively. Twenty‐two important SSLs were annotated from GC–MS analysis, comprising 19 free fatty acids, cholesterol, squalene, and glycerol. There was a significant reduction in 5 and 13 lipid components in AV and non‐AV groups, respectively.

Conclusion

LDCS, either alone or with topical acne treatment, demonstrated substantial sebusuppressive and lipid‐modifying effects among seborrhea participants.
Parents' process of recognition and response to clinical deterioration of their children with medical complexity at home: A grounded theory
Authors: Genna Catia , Thekkan Kiara Ros , Geremia Caterina , Di Furia Michela , Campana Andrea , Dall’Oglio Immacolata , Tiozzo Emanuela , Gawronski Orsola
Published: September 2022

Aim

To explore the process of recognition and response to clinical deterioration of children with medical complexity at home by their parents.

Background

Children with medical complexity are characterised by known chronic conditions associated with frailty and functional limitations, dependence on healthcare services and high use of technology and resources. Their medical complexity often leads to the onset of complications. Targeted care ensures timely recognition and response to clinical deterioration at home, thus avoiding serious sequelae, inappropriate hospitalisations and improving quality of life. Evidence on parents' process of the recognition and response to clinical deterioration at home is limited.

Design

Qualitative study using a Grounded Theory methodology.

Method

Seven online focus groups were conducted with parents and healthcare providers experienced in their care. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed through open, axial and selective coding, using a constant comparative iterative method. The COREQ guidelines guided the reporting of this work.

Results

Four categories and one core category were identified: (1) Awareness of the unique and shared characteristics of children with medical complexity; (2) Parents' care maintenance and management; (3) Parents' care monitoring; (4) Parents' response to clinical deterioration and (5) Seeking the Shift of Agency, the core category as the foundation of the Process of Recognition and rEsponse of PAREnts to Deterioration (PRE‐PARE‐D) theory.

Conclusion

The role of parents of children with medical complexity is evolving into active care leaders, by developing care management and care monitoring competences and negotiating care with healthcare providers.

Relevance to clinical practice

The shift of agency from healthcare providers to parents requires education and counselling pathways to promote the development of parent's self‐efficacy, competencies and empowerment in the care management of their children. Home care delivery for children with medical complexity should aim at sustaining this partnership between healthcare providers and parents.
The benefits of Maca (Lepidium meyenii) extract administration for male rabbits affected by environmental heat stress
Authors: Ragab Mona A. , Hassan Mahmoud A. E. , Shazly Soheir A. , El‐Kholany Mohamed E. , Ahmed Mohamed E. , El‐Raghi Ali Ali
Published: September 2022

Heat stress (HS) is the most substantial environmental issue in rabbit health status impairment, which can lower productivity. Maca is a common medicinal plant with important biological activities including antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐fatigue, and neuroprotective effects. The present research explored the alleged protective role of Maca extract in alleviating the adverse impact of HS on rabbits. Growing V‐line 6‐week‐old buck rabbits (N = 48) were orally administered Maca extract at levels of 0 (MAC0), 200 (MAC2), 400 (MAC4), or 600 (MAC6) mg/head twice per week. Compared to the control groups, rabbits provided Maca had better growth performance, feed intake and feed conversion ratio. Liver and tests weights were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in Maca treated groups compared to the control. hemoglobin, white blood cell, red blood corpuscles, platelet count, hematocrit, and lymphocytes were significantly increased in the MAC4 group compared with the control group. MAC4 treatment significantly reduced aspartate aminotransferase and malondialdehyde levels compared with other groups. Moreover, the concentrations of total bilirubin, creatinine, glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides were lower (p < 0.05) in the MAC4 group than in the controls. Oral administration of Maca improved cortisol and testosterone values, total antioxidant capacity, and superoxide dismutase. The MAC4 group exhibited significant improvement (p < 0.05) in sperm motility, survival, membrane functionality, concentration, and libido, with a significant decrease in abnormal sperm compared with the control group. Also, aforementioned group showed sperm cells with a normal structure and intact plasma membranes, acrosomes, and well‐organised axonemal components. Histopathological screening of liver sections showed moderate to severe degenerative and necrotic changes in rabbits exposed to HS, which were alleviated with Maca oral administration. In conclusion, oral administration of Maca extract at 400 or 600 mg/head‐weekly enhanced growth performance, hemato‐biochemical attributes, antioxidant status, and semen quality in rabbits during the hot season.
Novel ABCD1 mutation detected in a symptomatic female carrier of adrenoleukodystrophy
Authors: Nakano Yumiko , Taira Yuki , Sasaki Ryo , Tadokoro Koh , Yunoki Taijun , Nomura Emi , Fukui Yusuke , Takemoto Mami , Morihara Ryuta , Shimozawa Nobuyuki , Yamashita Toru
Published: September 2022

We report a case of a symptomatic female carrier of X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) with a novel ABCD1 gene mutation. She has developed slowly progressive gait disturbance since age 40, and her father and sister had similar symptoms. When admitted to our hospital at age 66, blood analysis showed slight increase of very long‐chain fatty acids (VLCFA), and DNA analysis of ABCD1 gene revealed a novel heterozygous missense mutation (c.1700 A>C, p.Gln567Pro). The genetic testing for ABCD1 gene can be considered in female patients over middle age presenting spastic gait, because female ALD carriers tend to be symptomatic beyond age 60.
Neuropathological report of propionic acidemia
Authors: Cao Ling‐Xiao , Hu Wen‐Zheng , Dong Wei , Yang Qing , Yin Jin‐Hui , Wang Yue , Ni Xin , Huang Yue
Published: September 2022

Propionic acidemia (PA) is an autosomal recessive inheritable metabolic disease caused by mutations in the propionyl CoA carboxylase gene (PCC) that affects multiple systems of the human body. Here, we report neuropathological findings of a PA patient. The patient was a male infant who presented with increasing lethargy and poor feeding from four days postpartum. He gradually became comatose and died from complications after liver transplantation at three months old. The results of laboratory examination were consistent with PA, and genetic analysis revealed compound heterozygous mutations in the gene for PCC subunit beta: c.838dupC (rs769968548) and c.1127G>T (rs142982097). Brain‐restricted autopsy was performed 23 h after his death, and the neuropathological examination revealed distinct astrocytosis, oligodendrocytic loss, neuronal loss, and demyelination across the brainstem, motor cortex, basal ganglia, and thalamus. Spongiosis, vacuolization, and the appearance of Alzheimer type II astrocytes and activated microglia were observed as well. This is the first brain autopsy report of PA with a clear genetic cause.
GMO or non‐GMO? That is the question
Authors: Salt David E.
Published: September 2022

This article is a Commentary on Buchholzer & Frommer (2023); 237: 12–15.
Maize plants and the brace roots that support them
Authors: Sparks Erin E.
Published: September 2022

Brace roots are a unique but poorly understood set of organs found in some large cereal crops such as maize. These roots develop from aerial stem nodes and can remain aerial or grow into the ground. Despite their name, the function of these roots to brace the plant was only recently shown. In this article, I discuss the current understanding of brace root function and development, as well as the multitude of open questions that remain about these fascinating organs.
A Better Treatment for Moderate to Severe Hallux Valgus: Scarf + Akin Osteotomy Combined with Lateral Soft Tissue Release in a Single Medial Incision
Authors: Xie Wenyong , Lu Hao , Zhan Sizheng , Li Guicheng , Yuan Yusong , Xu Hailin
Published: September 2022

Objective

Traditional lateral soft tissue release (LSTR) was conducted by an additional dorsal first web incision, as the malformed thick scar and neuritis were common after surgery. A new method of lateral soft tissue release in a single medial incision via dorsal flap over the first metatarsal (LSTR‐SMI‐DFFM) should be recommended. The objective is to investigate the clinical effectiveness and safety of scarf + Akin osteotomy (SAO) combined with lateral soft tissue release in a single medial incision via dorsal flap over the first metatarsal (LSTR‐SMI‐DFFM) for moderate to severe hallux valgus.

Methods

Patients who were performed surgery for hallux valgus from April 2014 to June 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. The visual analog scale (VAS) was recorded before surgery and during follow‐up, as well as the forefoot score of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS). Patient satisfaction was evaluated at the follow‐up time. The preoperative and follow‐up weightbearing X‐ray were conducted in all patients. The radiological parameters of hallux valgus angle (HVA), intermetatarsal angle (IMA), and distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA) were measured. Tibial sesamoid position (TSP) was also recorded according to seven‐part grading system. The quantitative data were performed as mean ± standard deviation or median ± interquartile range. Student's t test was performed in HVA, IMA, and DMAA. The TSP, VAS, and AOFAS were statistical analyzed by Mann–Whitney U test. p value of <0.05 was considered significant.

Results

There were 123 feet conducted surgery in 96 patients. The AOFAS score improved a lot which was preoperative 39 to 100 at the follow‐up time and VAS was 4 to 0 (p < 0.001). A total of 63 (51.2%) patients were very satisfied, 47 (38.2%) were satisfied, five (4.1%) were undecided and eight (6.5%) were not satisfied. The HVA, IMA, DMAA, and TSP were all decreased after surgery and were statistically significant (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The SAO combined with a LSTR‐SMI‐DFFM for moderate to severe hallux valgus is effective and safe with pretty good clinical and radiographic results, as well as minimal complications. The corrections of AOFAS and VAS conformed to the minimum clinically important difference (MCID).
Managing recurrent portal steal in auxiliary liver transplantation for non‐cirrhotic metabolic liver disease
Authors: Vasudevan Anu K. , Shanmugam Naresh P. , Rammohan Ashwin , Rela Mohamed
Published: September 2022

Background

APOLT has been proposed as a treatment modality for certain types of NCMLD. While the short‐term outcomes of this operation have been comparable with orthotopic LT, its long‐term outcomes have sparsely been reported. We present one such case of Citrullinemia type I who underwent APOLT and developed recurrent PS.

Case Report

A 2‐year‐old male child with a diagnosis of Citrullinemia type I underwent APOLT with a left lateral segment from a split deceased donor liver, and his postoperative period was unremarkable. Ammonia‐lowering agents were stopped 1 week following the operation and the child was discharged home on a normal diet. Four years following APOLT, the child presented with altered sensorium and seizures. A diagnosis of PS was made. Subsequent to an embolization of the native liver's right anterior portal vein his sensorium improved and he remained clinically stable on a normal diet. Six years following the APOLT, the child again presented with features of acute encephalopathy. Imaging was suggestive of PS. A portal vein embolization of the native portal vein was performed and the child's clinical condition improved. At 6 months' follow‐up, the child remains well on a normal diet.

Conclusions

While the early impediments in this technique may have been overcome, in the absence of any realistic clinical application gene therapy, the debate of long‐term phenotypic metabolic correction for NCMLD by APOLT needs to be revisited.
The novel HLA‐A*02:1009 allele was identified in four unrelated bone marrow donors
Authors: Ananeva Anastasiia , Sergeeva Iuliia , Shagimardanova Elena
Published: September 2022

HLA‐A*02:1009 has one non‐synonymous nucleotide change from A*02:01:01:01 at codon 320.
Whole blood transfusion and paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria meet again: Minor incompatibility, major trouble
Authors: Lægreid Ingvild Jenssen , Wilson Thomas , Næss Kristoffer Hjertø , Ernstsen Siw Leiknes , Schou Vibeke , Arsenovic Mirjana Grujic
Published: September 2022

Background and Objectives

The field of transfusion medicine started out with whole blood transfusion to treat severe anaemia and other deficiencies, and then transitioned to component therapy, largely leaving the practice, and experiences, of whole blood transfusions behind. Currently, the field is circling back and whole blood is gaining ground as an alternative to massive transfusion protocols.

Materials and Methods

Herein we describe a severely anaemic paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) patient initially suspected of suffering from renal haemorrhage, receiving a standard low‐titre group O whole blood transfusion during pre‐hospital transportation.

Results

Following the transfusion, the patient suffered a clinically unmistakable haemolytic transfusion reaction requiring supportive treatment in the intensive care unit. Clinical observations are consistent with an acute haemolytic reaction. The haemolysis was likely due to minor incompatibility between the plasma from the transfused whole blood and the patient's PNH red cells. Recovery was uneventful.

Conclusion

This revealed an unappreciated contraindication to minor incompatible whole blood transfusion, and prompted a discussion on the distinction between whole blood and erythrocyte concentrates, the different indications for use and the importance of emphasizing these differences. It also calls attention to patient groups where minor incompatibility can be of major importance.
Fatal haemolytic transfusion reaction due to anti‐Ena and identification of a novel GYPA c.295delG variant in a Thai family
Authors: Suwanwootichai Ploymanee , Lopez Genghis H. , Emthip Morakot , Wilson Brett , Millard Glenda M. , Onpuns Sunisa , Laemsri Kanchana , Bejrachandra Sasitorn , Liew Yew‐Wah
Published: September 2022

Background and Objectives

High‐frequency antigen Ena (MNS 28) is expressed on glycophorin A (GPA). En(a−) individuals can form anti‐Ena when exposed to GPA. A Thai patient formed an antibody that reacted against all reagent red blood cells (RBCs). The patient received incompatible blood resulting in a fatal haemolytic transfusion reaction (HTR). This study aimed to characterize the antibody detected in the patient and investigate the cause of HTR.

Materials and Methods

Blood samples from the patient and three of his family members were investigated. Massively parallel sequencing (MPS) and DNA‐microarray were used for genotyping. Standard haemagglutination techniques were used for phenotyping and antibody investigations.

Results

DNA sequencing showed the patient was homozygous for GYPA*M c.295delG (p.Val99Ter) predicting En(a−). Three family members were heterozygous for GYPA c.295delG. MPS and DNA‐microarray predicted the patient was N− discordant with the N+ RBC phenotype. The patient's plasma was positive with enzyme/chemical‐treated reagent RBCs but failed to react with En(a−) and MkMk RBCs.

Conclusion

The GYPA c.295delG variant prevented GPA expression on RBCs resulting in En(a−) phenotype. The N+ phenotype result was probably due to the anti‐N typing reagent detecting ‘N’ (MNS30) on GPB. The patient's alloantibody has anti‐Ena specificity.
Modelling the outcomes of different red blood cell transfusion strategies for the treatment of traumatic haemorrhage in the prehospital setting in the United Kingdom
Authors: Roberts Barnaby , Green Laura , Ahmed Venus , Latham Tom , O'Boyle Peter , Yazer Mark H. , Cardigan Rebecca
Published: September 2022

Background and Objectives

The limited supply and increasing demand of group O RhD‐negative red blood cells (RBCs) have resulted in other transfusion strategies being explored by blood services that carry potential risks but may still provide an overall benefit to patients. Our aim was to analyse the potential economic benefits of prehospital transfusion (PHT) against no PHT.

Materials and Methods

The impact of three PHT strategies (RhD‐negative RBC, RhD‐positive RBC and no transfusion) on quality‐adjusted‐life‐years (QALYs) of all United Kingdom trauma patients in a given year and the subset of patients considered most at risk (RhD‐negative females <50 years old), was modelled.

Results

For the entire cohort and the subset of patients, transfusing RhD‐negative RBCs generated the most QALYs (141,899 and 2977, respectively), followed by the RhD‐positive RBCs (141,879.8 and 2958.8 respectively), and no prehospital RBCs (119,285 and 2503 respectively). The QALY difference between RhD‐negative and RhD‐positive policies was smaller (19.2, both cohorts) than RhD‐positive and no RBCs policies in QALYs term (22,600 all cohort, 470 for a subset), indicating that harms from transfusing RhD‐positive RBCs are lower than harms associated with no RBC transfusion. A survival increase from PHT of 0.02% (entire cohort) and 0.7% (subset cohort) would still make the RhD‐positive strategy better in QALYs terms than no PHT.

Conclusion

While the use of RhD‐positive RBCs carries risks, the benefits measured in QALYs are higher than if no PHT are administered, even for women of childbearing potential. Group O RhD‐positive RBCs could be considered when there is a national shortage of RhD‐negative RBCs.
Evidence, expertise, and patient/family preferences to maximize health for older adults with implications for evidence‐based practice
Authors: Zadvinskis Inga M. , Tucker Sharon , Hoying Jacqueline
Published: September 2022

Background

As Americans live longer and with chronic conditions, the healthcare system, researchers, faculty, practicing providers, patients, and families must adapt to changing societal needs and goals.

Aims

The aim of this commentary was to offer recommendations that align with the six vital directions to improve the health care and quality of life for older Americans.

Methods

This article expands upon the six vital directions from an evidence‐based practice (EBP) perspective that values the three legs of the EBP stool: (1) research evidence, (2) clinician expertise, and (3) patient preferences, values, and circumstances.

Results

The recommendations reflect the scientific literature, our expertise in EBP and research, our nursing roles and expertise, and our experiences in the care of our older parents. By sharing our experiences as nurse scientists and daughters, we offer insight to raise the healthcare bar for older adults through EBP and meaningful, person‐centered care.

Linking Action to Evidence

Vital directions for improving the health care and quality of life for older Americans include promoting interprofessional education to create an adequately prepared workforce; researching and implementing pathways to minimize the social determinants of health for older adults; disseminating findings that remediate older adult health disparities; innovating approaches for managing chronic health conditions at home; and studying and implementing approaches for allocating resources for end‐of‐life care that are satisfying for the patients, their family, and clinicians.
Deriving Data-Driven Models That Relate Deterministic Surface Topography Parameters of As-Built Inconel 718 Surfaces to Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process Parameters
Authors: Detwiler Sean , Raeymaekers Bart
Published: September 2022

Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) parts often require post-processing prior to use in engineering applications to improve mechanical properties and modify the as-built surface topography. The ability to tune the L-PBF process parameters to obtain designer as-built surface topography could reduce the need for post-processing. However, the relationship between the as-built surface topography and the L-PBF process parameters is currently not well-understood. In this paper, we derive data-driven models from surface topography data and L-PBF process parameters using machine learning (ML) algorithms. The prediction accuracy of the data-driven models derived from ML algorithms exceeds that of the multivariate regression benchmark because the latter does not always capture the complex relationship between the as-built surface topography parameters and the corresponding L-PBF process parameters in a single best-fit equation. Data-driven models based on decision tree (interpretable) and artificial neural network (non-interpretable) algorithms display the highest prediction accuracy. We also show experimental evidence that thermocapillary convection and melt track overlap are important drivers of the formation of as-built surface topography.
Amplitude and Wavelength Effects for Wavy Channels
Authors: Corbett Thomas M. , Thole Karen A. , Bollapragada Sudhakar
Published: September 2022

To improve the efficiency and durability of gas turbine components, advancements are needed in cooling technologies. To accomplish this task, some manufacturers are turning to additive manufacturing (AM), as it offers the ability to both rapidly iterate on component design as well as incorporate unique internal cooling structures directly into parts. As one example, wavy microchannels can be readily integrated into turbine components. This study investigates wavy channels of varying channel amplitude and wavelength through experimental measurements of heat transfer and pressure loss. In addition to experimental testing, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) predictions were made to identify internal flow features that impacted performance. Five channel geometries were integrated into test coupons that were additively manufactured out of Hastelloy-X using direct metal laser sintering. True coupon geometric characteristics and wall roughness values were captured non-destructively using computed tomography (CT) scans. Geometric analyses indicated that coupons were reproduced accurately with minimal deviation from design intent. Experimental results indicated that decreasing the channel wavelength and increasing the channel amplitude resulted in substantial increases in both bulk friction factor and Nusselt number with respect to the nominal case and were scaled using a relative waviness parameter. CFD simulations predicted significant mixing of flow in the cases with the smallest wavelength and greatest amplitude.
Morphological characterization of stylostome and skin reaction produced by Leptotrombidium album (Acariformes, Trombiculidae) on the bat Barbastella pacifica from Kunashir Island
Authors: Shatrov Andrey B. , Kazakov Denis V. , Antonovskaia Anastasia A. , Gorobeyko Uliana V.
Published: September 2022

Larvae of the chigger mite Leptotrombidium album (Kamo, Kawashima & Nishimura, 1957) (Acariformes, Trombiculidae) are found in Kunashir island and recognized as parasites of bats Barbastella pacifica (Kruskop, Kawai & Tiunov, 2019) for the first time. Larvae were measured and photographed using SEM and DIC approaches. A stylostome is described in bats for the first time by histological with additional CLSM, DIC and polarized light methods. The stylostome belongs to the mesenchymal type and penetrates deep into the host dermis perpendicular to the skin surface. The stylostome is a straight relatively wide (80 µm) tube and may reach 250 µm long in the maximum development. The axial stylostome canal varies from 7.5 to 20 µm wide and distally is opened to the subjacent host tissue. A particular eosinophil cone of a gel consistency to which the larval cheliceral blades are tightly cemented represents the proximal stylostome portion. The main stylostome portion usually remains unstained and also shows a gel-like consistency. The distal stylostome portion—supposedly a fresh saliva portion—is typically stained by Azur in blue and seems to be a transitional condition between sol to gel. No birefringent components are found in the stylostome substance. The stylostome may immediately contact host tissues or may be surrounded by a mixed eosinophil substance composed of destroyed inflammatory cells. If present, this substance is tightly associated with the stylostome walls and may be considered as an analog of scab but distributed not on the surface but inside the skin. The stylostome formation is accompanied by a generalized inflammatory reaction with the predominance of neutrophil leukocytes. The activity of basophils, lymphocytes, macrophages and mast cells is relatively weak. A particular tissue sinus filled with inflammatory cells, an analog of the feeding cavity, situates underneath the stylostome. The disclosed stylostome organization confirms its species-specific character.
Topical, immunomodulatory epoxy-tiglianes induce biofilm disruption and healing in acute and chronic skin wounds
Authors: Powell Lydia C. , Cullen Jason K. , Boyle Glen M. , De Ridder Tom , Yap Pei-Yi , Xue Wenya , Pierce Carly J. , Pritchard Manon F. , Menzies Georgina E. , Abdulkarim Muthanna , Adams Jennifer Y. M. , Stokniene Joana , Francis Lewis W. , Gumbleton Mark , Johns Jenny , Hill Katja E. , Jones Adam V. , Parsons Peter G. , Reddell Paul , Thomas David W.
Published: September 2022

The management of antibiotic-resistant, bacterial biofilm infections in chronic skin wounds is an increasing clinical challenge. Despite advances in diagnosis, many patients do not derive benefit from current anti-infective/antibiotic therapies. Here, we report a novel class of naturally occurring and semisynthetic epoxy-tiglianes, derived from the Queensland blushwood tree (
Fontainea picrosperma)
, and demonstrate their antimicrobial activity (modifying bacterial growth and inducing biofilm disruption), with structure/activity relationships established against important human pathogens. In vitro, the lead candidate EBC-1013 stimulated protein kinase C (PKC)–dependent neutrophil reactive oxygen species (ROS) induction and NETosis and increased expression of wound healing–associated cytokines, chemokines, and antimicrobial peptides in keratinocytes and fibroblasts. In vivo, topical EBC-1013 induced rapid resolution of infection with increased matrix remodeling in acute thermal injuries in calves. In chronically infected diabetic mouse wounds, treatment induced cytokine/chemokine production, inflammatory cell recruitment, and complete healing (in six of seven wounds) with ordered keratinocyte differentiation. These results highlight a nonantibiotic approach involving contrasting, orthogonal mechanisms of action combining targeted biofilm disruption and innate immune induction in the treatment of chronic wounds.
Complete Genome Sequences of the Novel Cluster BP Phages Infecting Streptomyces sanglieri, AxeJC, Cumberbatch, Eastland, Eklok, HFrancette, Ignacio, Piccadilly, and Vondra
Authors: Nath Sreemoye , Sulaiman Ahmad , Maneekul Jindanuch , Bhuiyan Swapan , Layton Sonya , Menchaca Carolina , Nayek Subhayu , Acosta Juan , Coronado Alejandro , Drake Alexandra , Eastland Isaac , Gallegos Monserrat , Gutierrez-Langa Misti , Jefferson Naomi , Johnson Kennede , Klokker Erin , Muniz Marie , Hernandez Olmos Diana , Pascarella Grace , Richardson Tucker , Setliff Taylor , Stiles Alyssa N. , Sun Eliza , Tokel Melisa , Vondra Jessica M. , Hughes Lee E.
Published: September 2022

The
Streptomyces sanglieri
bacteriophages AxeJC, Cumberbatch, Eastland, Eklok, HFrancette, Ignacio, Piccadilly, and Vondra form a novel actinobacteriophage cluster, BP. These siphoviruses have circularly permuted genomes with an average size of 37,700 bp and a GC content of 71%. Each genome contains approximately 58 protein-coding genes, with no tRNAs.
Rapid Identification of Drug Resistance and Phylogeny in M. tuberculosis, Directly from Sputum Samples
Authors: Barbosa-Amezcua Martín , Cuevas-Córdoba Betzaida , Fresno Cristóbal , Haase-Hernández Joshua I. , Carrillo-Sánchez Karol , Mata-Rocha Minerva , Muñoz-Torrico Marcela , Bäcker Claudia , González-Covarrubias Vanessa , Alaez-Verson Carmen , Soberón Xavier
Published: September 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected the progress in accessing essential Tuberculosis (TB) services and reducing the burden of TB disease, resulting in a decreased detection of new cases and increased deaths. Generating molecular diagnostic tests with faster results without losing reliability is considered a priority.
Methane Production by Facultative Anaerobic Wood-Rot Fungi via a New Halomethane-Dependent Pathway
Authors: Huang Xin , Liu Xuan , Xue Yarong , Pan Bingcai , Xiao Lei , Wang Shuijuan , Lever Mark A. , Hinrichs Kai-Uwe , Inagaki Fumio , Liu Changhong
Published: September 2022

Here, we demonstrate that wood-rot fungi produce methane anaerobically without the involvement of methanogenic archaea via a new, halomethane-dependent pathway. These findings of an anaerobic fungal methane formation pathway open another avenue in methane research and will further assist with current efforts in the identification of the processes involved and their ecological implications.
Does decision-making at age 11 predict prodromal eating pathology at ages 14 and 17? A prospective, observational, UK population-based cohort study
Authors: Harrison Amy , Francesconi Marta , Flouri Eirini
Published: September 2022

Objectives

We examined whether decision-making at age 11 and 14 is associated with prodromal eating pathology at age 14 and whether it would persist across adolescence and also be present at age 17.

Design

This prospective, observational, population-based cohort study used a longitudinal design.

Setting

Data from the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS), a UK longitudinal cohort study involving 19 244 families from England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, were analysed.

Participants

We modelled data from 8922 boys and girls aged 11, 14 and 17 (MCS sweeps 5, 6 and 7).

Primary and secondary outcomes

We investigated decision-making using the risk-taking, quality of decision-making, deliberation time, delay aversion and risk adjustment subscales of the Cambridge Gambling Task and prodromal eating pathology through binary response items measuring: body dissatisfaction (whether the participant perceived their body as being too overweight); intention to lose weight (whether participants reported a strong desire to lose weight); dietary restriction (whether participants reported actively eating less to influence their shape/weight) and excessive exercise (whether participants reported exercising in a driven way in order to influence weight/shape). Data were analysed using latent class analysis and logistic regression.

Results

Lower scores on quality of decision-making (OR=0.46) and deliberation time (OR=0.99) at age 14 were associated with prodromal eating pathology at both ages 14 and 17 (all p<0.05), indicating an association between less frequently opting to bet on the most likely outcome and taking less time to decide on which bet to choose and the persistence of prodromal eating pathology over adolescence. Lower deliberation time (OR=0.99) and delay aversion (OR=0.62) at 11 and lower risk-taking scores at 14 (OR=0.43) were associated with the absence of prodromal eating pathology at 14 and 17 (all p<0.05), indicating that a moderate approach under conditions of risk in childhood and mid-adolescence is associated with reduced eating pathology across adolescence.

Conclusions

Training advantageous decision-making might protect from later prodromal eating pathology.
Development and validation of the health belief model questionnaire to promote smoking cessation for nasopharyngeal cancer prevention: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kueh Martin Tze Wah , Rahim Fairuz Fadzilah , Rashid Abdul
Published: September 2022

Objective

Lifestyle-induced nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a serious but preventable risk factor. This study serves to develop and validate a questionnaire that aims to predict the health behavioural intention on smoking cessation in Sarawak, Malaysia using the Health Belief Model (HBM).

Design

A cross-sectional study.

Setting

Urban and suburban areas in Sarawak, Malaysia.

Participants

The preliminary items of the instrument were developed after extensive literature review. The instrument was translated into the Malay language using the forward-backwards method before commencing with the content validity by a panel of 10 experts. Face validity was done both quantitatively and qualitatively by 10 smokers. The construct validity of the instrument was evaluated through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). A total of 100 smokers participated in phase 1 for EFA, while 171 smokers participated in phase 2 for CFA. Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach’s alpha coefficients to evaluate the reliability.

Results

In the exploratory stage, the factor loading of each item remained within the acceptable threshold. The final revised CFA yielded appropriate fit of the seven-factor model with the following model fit indices: χ2=641.705; df=500; p<0.001; comparative fit index=0.953; Tucker-Lewis Index=0.948; root mean square error of approximation=0.041. Satisfactory convergent validity and divergent validity were shown, with the exception of one pairwise construct. The internal reliability of these scales was above the desirable threshold, with Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ranging from 0.705 to 0.864 and 0.838 to 0.889 in phases 1 and 2, respectively.

Conclusions

The study substantiated the instrument to be valid and reliable for predicting smokers’ health behavioural intention to reduce cancer risk. The instrument is made up of 34 items, categorised into two sections, six HBM constructs and health behavioural intention. The instrument can be utilised for other smoking cessation-related cancers in different at-risk populations.
Magnitude of birth trauma and its associated factors in South Wollo public hospitals, northeast Ethiopia, August 2021: Institutional-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Biset Gebeyaw , Mihret Setegn , Mekonen Asnakew Molla , Workie Amare
Published: September 2022

Objective

The institutional-based cross-sectional study was designed to assess the magnitude of birth trauma and its associated factors in South Wollo, northeast Ethiopia.

Setting

This study was conducted in the public hospitals of South Wollo, northeast Ethiopia. South Wollo is one of the 12 zones in the Amhara regional state with a total population of >3 million. There are 13 hospitals in South Wollo, of these 4 hospitals were selected randomly.

Participants

A total of 612 mother-newborn pairs were selected to conduct the study. However, data were collected from 594 mother-neonate pairs giving a response rate of 97%. The study participants were selected by applying a simple random sampling technique after proportional allocation of the total sample to each study hospital. Live neonates delivered during the study period were included, whereas stillborn, neonates born with major congenital malformation and neonates whose mothers died during the birth process were excluded.

Result

A total of 594 mother-newborn pairs were involved with a response rate of 97%. Seventy-eight newborns 13.13% (95% CI: 10.30 to 16.00) had experienced birth trauma. Prolonged labour (AOR: 5.78, 95% CI: 3.00 to 11.15), birth weight >4 kg (AOR: 9.18, 95% CI: 3.92 to 21.50), vacuum delivery (AOR: 6.74, 95% CI: 2.01 to 22.56), forceps delivery (AOR: 7.36, 95% CI: 1.96 to 27.58) and shoulder dystocia (AOR: 9.83, 95% CI: 4.13 to 23.50) were risk factors of birth trauma.

Conclusion

The prevalence of birth trauma was higher than the report from most of the African countries. Prolonged labour, instrumental deliveries, large birth weight and shoulder dystocia were the identified risk factors of birth trauma. The ministry of health and the local healthcare system should give attention to the maternal health services.