bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La inconsistencia del fundamento constitucional de la eliminación de la posibilidad de restricción judicial del sufragio por causa de discapacidad mental
Authors: Gálvez Muñoz Luis A.
Published: April 2021

La eliminación de la posibilidad de restringir el ejercicio del derecho de sufragio a las personas sometidas a un proceso de modificación de capacidad o de autorización de internamiento psiquiátrico que ha realizado la ley de reforma del régimen electoral general de diciembre de 2018 (Ley Orgánica 2/2018, de 5 de diciembre, de reforma de la Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio) se apoya en una concreta fundamentación constitucional que, a juicio del autor, carece de consistencia jurídica. A explicarlo se dedica este artículo, en el que se desmontan paso a paso los argumentos esgrimidos sobre violación de los principios fundamentales de sufragio universal, igualdad ante la ley y no discriminación y protección de las personas con discapacidad, exponiendo su significado preciso y por qué no resultan comprometidos en el caso.
Blood pressure and intra-ocular pressure in a sample of young professional footballers in Benin City, Nigeria
Authors: Edokpa Genesis D. , Uwagboe Precious N. , Ehigiamusoe Enoma
Published: April 2021

Background: Some studies have demonstrated that football players may be at risk for clinically relevant increases in blood pressure (BP). BP is often associated with intraocular pressure (IOP). However, there is scarce literature on BP and IOP in football athletes. The aim of this investigation was therefore to study BP and IOP in young professional footballers and non-athletes.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among nineteen (19) professional male football athletes of 18-28 years old; and nineteen (19) matched controls who were not active in any sports. All measurements were taken between 3 pm and 6 pm to lessen the effects of diurnal variations on IOP. Case history was first carried out to ascertain if the subjects were suitable for the study. Non-athletic subjects were matched with athletes according to sex, age, body mass index and random blood sugar. BP was measured in the right arm of each subject in sitting position with a mercury sphygmomanometer. IOP was measured in both eyes with a Schiotz tonometer.Results: Compared to non-athletes, the professional football athletes had significantly higher mean systolic BP (p=0.003), diastolic BP (p=0.030) and IOP (p=0.036). There was no correlation between IOP and systolic or diastolic BP in the football athletes (p>0.05).Conclusions: The young professional footballers were more predisposed to high blood pressure and ocular hypertension than the matched controls.
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among stray cats using different serological techniques in Erbil City: Kurdistan Region/Iraq
Authors: Mawlood Hemdad Hawez , Mero Wijdan M. S. , Bapeer Younis A. A. , Su Chunlei
Published: April 2021

Background: The causative agent of toxoplasmosis is Toxoplasma gondii which is an intracellular protozoan. Felines including cats are the only definitive hosts for T. gondii and they play a significant role in spreading the oocysts in the environment. It has been estimated that T. gondii infects about one-third of the human population. This study was performed to estimate the seroprevalence rate of Anti-T. gondii IgG Abs in 100 strays by using different serological techniques.Methods: Hundred stray cats of both sexes (50 males and 50 females) from different ages (one month to 48 months) were hunted by trap cage and shooting tranquilizer gun in Erbil city and used for detecting T. gondii antibodies.Results: The seroprevalence rates obtained were: 22%, 20% and 11% by MAT, ELISA and LAT respectively. Male cats showed higher seroprevalence than females (13% versus7%). According to the agreement between MAT titers and ELISA IgG (cutoff ELISA≥1) in stray cat’s sera, the percent of positive results in ELISA (cutoff≥1) method were exactly matched with the MAT titer (≥1:50) while the overall agreement and negative percent agreement were elevated by increasing MAT titers and the positive percent agreement was stable in all titers. The overall agreement results were 96% and 100% for MAT titers ≥1:25 and ≥1:50, respectively and negative percent agreement results were 97.4% and 100% for MAT titers ≥1:25 and ≥1:50 respectively.Conclusions: Exactly matched between MAT technique titer (≥1:50) and ELISA technique. Index (cutoff≥1). Therefore, MAT could be used for detecting IgG Abs of Toxoplasma gondii instead of ELISA technique.
A study on correlation of histopathological grade with hormone receptor and HER2/neu status in invasive breast carcinoma at a tertiary care centre of Barak valley
Authors: Thakuria Sailendra Kumar , Roy Suchismita , Deka Monoj K. , Talukdar Anuradha , Sheikh Shah Alam
Published: April 2021

Background: Breast carcinoma is the most common malignancy occurring in females worldwide while in India it is the 2nd most common malignancy occurring after cervical cancer in females. The treatment modalities and prognosis of breast carcinoma depend largely on their hormone receptors (estrogen and progesterone receptors) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu) status. The aim of this study was to correlate the receptor status in invasive breast carcinoma with histopathological grading of the tumor.Methods: This is a retrospective study carried out in the department of pathology, Silchar medical college and hospital, Cachar from January 2019 to December 2020. A total of 69 cases were considered for the study, selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Histomorphology grading in invasive ductal breast carcinomas was done along with the status of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and HER2/neu.Results: The present study comprised of total of 69 infiltrating breast carcinoma cases. Out of all 51% cases were found to be in 4th decade of life. The most common type found in the study was invasive ductal carcinoma (not otherwise specified) seen in 86.96% cases. Maximum 41.67% of cases were histologically classified as grade III. A positive correlation was found between histological grading and immunohistochemistry of hormone receptors (ER, PR) and HER2/neu status.Conclusions: From the present study, it can be concluded that there is a positive correlation between histopathological grade and hormone receptors status and HER2/neu.The estrogen receptor and progestrone receptor were found negative in high grade disease on histological evaluation. Triple negative breast carcinomas have poorer prognosis as they tend to be of high grade.
Feasibility of sputum testing for detection of COVID-19
Authors: Sharma Arvind , Singh Tej Pratap
Published: April 2021

For the prevention of COVID-19 spread, early and accurate detection is important. Specimens are collected through respiratory mucosal surfaces with nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swabs, from infected patients are highly complex. Sputum testing could preferably be a more convenient technique for the detection of COVID-19 as being noninvasive method, which could easily be collected by having a patient cough deeply to produce and expel phlegm which could be in compliance to patient in comparison to Nasopharyngeal swab (NPS). Consequently, broader testing than the current methods of nasal or throat swabs will significantly increase the number of people screening, leading to more effective control of the spread of COVID-19. Nonetheless, a comparison of the saliva-based assay with current swab test is needed to understand what and how we can benefit from this newly developed assay. Therefore, in this review article, we aimed to summarize the feasibility of sputum testing in relation to Covid-19. Any implementation of clinical sampling for diagnosis should take into considerations of the sensitivity of assays, risks to healthcare professionals, and global shortage of equipment.
Can analysis of drain fluid biomarkers predict anastomotic leak?
Authors: Jaju Pradeep , Vallabha Tejaswini , Kulloli Girish , Sindagikar Vikram
Published: April 2021

Background: Anastomotic leak is a major complication often leading to significant morbidity and mortality. A method to predict leaks in the early postoperative period will help in better management and outcome. Though serum biomarkers like C-reactive protein and procalcitonin levels are often used to predict chances of developing complications, they are nonspecific and suggest mainly ongoing sepsis in general. Detection and assessment of the presence of these biomarkers at the local milieu is an alternate non-invasive option as they are produced at the injury site and increase in anastomotic leaks. If measured serially, can guide to a strong suspicion of a leak before the clinical signs are evident.   Methods: Forty-eight patients who underwent intestinal anastomosis for various indications were included. Serial measurement of drain fluid C-reactive protein and procalcitonin were measured on postoperative days 3, 5 and 7.Results: 7 patients developed leaks with two deaths. CRP and procalcitonin levels were higher on all days in comparison with the no leak group. CRP had the highest sensitivity on day 5 with 85.71% and 97.56% specificity on day7. The sensitivity and specificity of procalcitonin were 71.43% and 97.56% on day 5 and day 7. Accuracy was 93.7% for CRP and 87.5% for procalcitonin on the seventh day.Conclusions: Serial analysis of drain fluid CRP and procalcitonin showed persistently increased levels in patients with an anastomotic leak. Correlation of the levels in patients with anastomotic leak suggests the possibility of their utility in the early detection of leaks.
N-acetylcysteine therapy for ischaemic hepatic failure: a successful antidote
Authors: Wong Pearl , Gaszynki Rafael , Farooque Yasser
Published: April 2021

Acute liver failure (ALF) is characterised by severe liver injury with the onset of coagulopathy (INR ≥1.5) and encephalopathy in the absence of pre-existing liver disease. It is associated with a high mortality rate of 10-57%, which is largely driven by multi-organ failure, sepsis and cardiac arrhythmia. Current management focuses on identifying and treating the aetiology, providing supportive care and monitoring liver function. The use of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) therapy is well-studied in the treatment of paracetamol toxicity but is controversial in other causes of ALF. We reported the first case of ischaemic hepatic failure secondary to prolonged portal vein occlusion treated with 72 hours of NAC therapy. Although ischaemic hepatopathy is a relatively uncommon cause of ALF, it is associated with a high mortality rate. The case highlights how early use of NAC therapy may improve hepatic serology biomarkers and should warrant consideration in ALF secondary to ischaemic hepatopathy.
Post traumatic cutaneous mucormycosis: a diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Nair Kharishma P. , S. Siddartha Gowthaman , Bagalgotkar Meghana S. , S. Vinoth , Manickam Ramanathan
Published: April 2021

The incidence of mucormycosis, an invasive fungal disease, is more in the developing countries, especially among the immunocompromised individuals. However, this disease can also occur in those without any predisposing factors. In the developed countries, those undergoing haematopoetic stem cell transplantation were more prone to developing this disease. There can be varied presentations of mucormycosis. It could be rhinocerebral, pulmonary, cutaneous, gastrointestinal or even disseminated forms. Post traumatic mucormycosis is infrequently reported and is often difficult to diagnose earlier due to its unusual presentation. In this case report, we describe two patients who acquired cutaneous mucormycosis following traumatic wounds and how they characteristically presented with 3 zones which was identified by us and has not been reported of earlier. This can help in diagnosis of this condition earlier and to follow the treatment protocol accordingly and prevent the morbidity and mortality associated with this disease.
A clinical study on lateral pancreaticojejunostomy in a case of chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Manapure Suhas B. , Munde Anil S. , Kasale Ravibhushan J. , Lokare Pramod
Published: April 2021

Lateral pancreaticojejunostomy is a seldom performed procedure in a peripheral tertiary health care centre. Very few numbers of cases are reported that undergoes surgical procedures for chronic pancreatitis. We report a such rare case in our institute that undergone pancreatic drainage procedure. A 70 year old poor patient was admitted in our institute with a complaint of chronic abdominal pain, subsequently diagnosed to be having chronic pancreatitis with complications with pancreatic duct calculus. Pancreatic drainage procedure, lateral pancreaticojejunostomy was performed and we analysed for the outcome of the procedure with regards to pain relief, anastomotic leak, quality of life and return to work. Patient recovered well post-operatively, reported pain relief, suffered no anastomotic leak and experienced improved quality of life. Lateral pancreaticojejunostomy provides excellent surgical choice for patients of chronic pancreatitis with pancreatic duct calculus with acceptable rates of pain relief, morbidity and mortality, without worsening pancreatic insufficiency.
Biliary cystadenoma a case report
Authors: Tandur Amarjeet E. , Rajagopal Solaimuthu , Mishra Rahul K. , Bhandarwar Ajay H. , Baradwaj Guru , Pathe Bhushan
Published: April 2021

Biliary cystadenoma (BCA) is a rare cystic neoplasm of liver with malignant potential and female predominance, mostly asymptomatic that will lead to late identification. BCAs are mostly do not communicate with Biliary tract but communication was reported in some studies, BCA has higher rate of recurrence after incomplete removal so the standard management is complete resection or partial hepatectomy. We report a case of BCA in 72-year aged female with ECOG score 3. Computed tomography showed BCA involving segment II, III, IV and VIII of liver without any malignant features, which was treated with laparoscopic deroofing with omentopexy and no recurrence at 1 year follow up. We used indocyanine green-fluorescent image to look for biliary communication. This study aims to report that minimal accesses surgery with deroofing and omentopexy can be alternative treatment for BCA without any malignant features in a poor performance status and use of Indocyanine green-fluorescent image to avoid biliary injury and rule out communication.
A sacrococcygeal teratoma-a rare entity among adult males: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Khan Suhail M. , Khan Azhar A. , Kanth Anzeen N. , Khan Aymen M. , Kanth Irfita N.
Published: April 2021

Sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is derived from embryonic germ cell layers and is one of the commonest tumours in infants. It is the most commonly occurring solid congenital tumours in the foetus and the new born. It is very rare in adults with less than a hundred cases documented in literature, with even rarer cases of male presentation. We report a case of a 26-year-old adult male presenting with a sacrococcygeal teratoma who was treated in our hospital along with its literature review.
Study on effect of antenatal steroids on various outcomes in mechanical ventilated low birth weight neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: N. Madhu G. , H. Anil
Published: April 2021

Background: There has been an increase in morbidity in low birth weight infants, since the advancement in field of neonatology. Mechanical ventilation is one of the important life saving intervention in these babies and if prolonged, it is known to cause various morbidities like bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, vocal cord injury. In this study we want to know effect of antenatal steroids on assisting in early extubation and in minimising duration of ventilation and prevention of reintubations.Methods: This study is a prospective observational study. The study was conducted in Kempegowda institute of medical sciences, Bangalore. Total of 60 low birth weight infants (<2500gm) who were admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and were on mechanical ventilator support were included in the study. The study was conducted for a duration of 18 months, between January 2019 to June 2020.Results: Out of 60 cases 49 of neonates underwent successful extubation and 11 had failed extubation and were reintubated. Out of 49 successful extubation cases 18 mothers were not given antenatal steroids and 7 of them received 1 dose and 24 received 2 doses of betamethasone respectively. Among failed extubation group 7 mothers had not received steroids and 2 had received one and 2 doses respectively.Conclusions: In this study, we were able to know the effect on antenatal steroids on duration of mechanical ventilation and also about their effect on extubation success.
Hurler’s disease presenting with quadriparesis and short stature
Authors: Sanadhya Anuradha , Poswal Lakhan , Gupta Nitin , Sharma Shivani , Yadav Pooja
Published: April 2021

Mucopolysachharidosis are a broad spectrum of rare lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficiency of enzymes responsible for degradation of glycosaminoglycans (GAG), thus leading to accumulation of GAG in various body tissues leading to somatic and neurological manifestations. General phenotype includes coarse facies, corneal clouding, hepatosplenomegaly, dysostosis multiplex etc. Detailed clinical and radiological evaluation and identification of type of GAG excreted in urine narrows the diagnostic possibilities. Definitive diagnosis requires assay of specific enzymes in various tissues. Till date 14 different types of MPS including subtypes are identified. We report a case of 4 years old male child presented with short stature, spastic quadriparesis, bony abnormalities and hepatosplenomegaly without intellectual impairment.
Profile of use of benzodiazepines and mental distress in patients cared in a public health unit
Authors: Kawano Livia De Oliveira , Pereira Edimar Cristiano , Veiga Glaucia Luciano da , Alves Beatriz Da Costa Aguiar , Azzalis Ligia Ajaime , Adami Fernando , Sousa Luiz Vinicius de Alcantara , Fonseca Fernando Luiz Affonso
Published: April 2021

Background: Benzodiazepines are a class of drugs especially used in the treatment of insomnia and anxiety. The short-term use is considered safe, but the long-term treatment is associated with drug dependence and loss of efficacy due to the development of tolerance. Given the lack of mental health management services in primary healthcare, benzodiazepines have been prescribed to be used for undetermined periods of time, resulting in distress for patients and representing an important issue in the public health context.Methods: This is a transversal study with a descriptive quantitative approach, which aimed to characterize the profile of patients served by the Basic Health Unit Pharmacy Taboão in São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil, and correlate the different studied variables with the mental distress of these patients. A questionnaire including demographic, socioeconomic and physical and mental health variables was applied to the pharmacy customers.Results: It was revealed that among female patients (p=0.042, β=0.61, 95% CI: 0.38-0.98), suicidal ideation (p<0.001, β=1.53, 95% CI: 1.22-1.92), perceptions regarding their own health condition (p<0.001, β=0.48, 95% CI: 0.34-0.67), occurrences of polypharmacy (p=0.137, β=1.19, 95% CI: 0.94-1.50), knowledge on the risks associated with the use of benzodiazepines (p=0.176, β=0.85, 95%CI: 0.067-1.07) and engagement in physical activities (p=0.685, β=0.93, 95% CI: 0.68-1.27) are significantly associated with mental distress.Conclusions: Therefore, after these findings were obtained, errors that contribute to the occurrence of this scenario were identified and possible strategies to deal with the issue were suggested.
Trends in abortion services and sociodemographic profile of women those availed abortion services at Parivar Seva clinics in India
Authors: Thakur Neelima , Chhabra Pragti
Published: April 2021

Background: Despite the law for termination of pregnancy, women continue to have illegal or unsafe abortions leading to incomplete abortions in India. The aim of the paper is to identify the trend of abortion services, clients treated for safe and incomplete abortion their client characteristics in the Parivar Seva Sanstha clinics. Methods: Retrospective analysis of the available data from 31 Parivar Seva clinics India. Retrospective study carried out in 31 clinics of the Parivar Seva Sanstha in 11 states. Data of women who were treated for medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) and other abortion between the periods of January 2018 to December 2019 was obtained from the records for analysis. Proportion of MTP and other abortion for different categories was computed and Chi square test was applied to study the association.Results: More than forty thousand women availed abortion services from the clinics every year. The frequency of incomplete abortion increased from 34.7% to 38.1% from 2018 to 2019. Young women, women of Muslim religion, higher income group, who reached the clinics from long distance, with no parity and no previous history of abortion had more probability of availing services for incomplete abortion as compared to MTP. Majority of women were seeking MTP and incomplete abortion services in their first trimester only; about two thirds (61.4% and 66%) of these had surgical abortion in first trimester. Majority (86.1% and 87.5%) of women obtained MTP services up to 12 weeks of gestation.Conclusions: There is urgent need to create awareness and educate the women regarding safe abortion, access of family planning, legality of abortion, medication outside the health facilities.
Facts and prevailing myths on COVID-19 among the general public, India: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Meena Keval Singh , Nambiar Saugandhika P. , Kumari Yogita , Joseph Hepsi Bai , Shetty Asha P.
Published: April 2021

Background: COVID-19 is not a new disease for this world, but it shows alarming effects globally, and its sudden increase in incidence and spread is causing misperception and fear among the general population. The aim of this study was to assess the myths about COVID-19 among the general public, India.Methods: Cross-sectional survey was conducted using a convenient sampling technique to assess the myths on COVID-19 among 367 general public, India. The material used to collect the data was sociodemographic proforma and a structured questionnaire with 20 dichotomous questions with ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ option covering the transmission treatment and prevention myths on COVID-19. Data were collected through an online platform using Google forms and analyzed using R software.Results: The study identified six top myths on COVID-19. Taking a hot bath prevents coronavirus infection (93.5%), thermal scanners fail to detect COVID-19 (59.7%), prolonged use of face mask prevents COVID-19air entry (42.5%), houseflies transmit COVID-19 disease from one person to other (33.8%), mosquito bite transmits coronavirus (32.4%), and only older people and children are more susceptible to COVID-19 (30.8%).Conclusions: Myths were existed regarding COVID-19 due to lack of awareness. Awareness activities and strategies should be encouraged to reach all possible communication mean to erase the emerging myths. Besides, awareness should be enhanced by mass media or another portal in-order to follow the evidence-based preventive practices, including social distancing, cough and mask etiquette, hand hygiene, and other infection control measures to protect everyone from infection.
Quadmester-wise comparison of disease transmission dynamics of COVID-19 among health care workers in Kannur district, Kerala
Authors: Raheela Ameena Subair , Chandran Sajish , Rajan Deepak , Muduvana Preetha
Published: April 2021

Background: Health-care workers (HCWs) may get infected by direct or indirect contact with infected patients or other HCWs or from the community as well, depending on the phase through which pandemic progresses. Knowledge about the disease transmission dynamics as the pandemic advances is a need so that appropriate monitoring, prevention and control measures for HCWs can be implemented at local level. The main objective of this study was quadmester-wise comparison of disease transmission dynamics of COVID-19 among HCWs in Kannur district.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among HCWs reported positive for SARS-CoV-2 in Kannur district, Kerala. COVID-19 positive HCWs reported in the district were consolidated and contacted over phone and details were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data were entered into microsoft excel and analysed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) trial version. Chi-square test was used to compare differences observed in the two groups and binary logistic regression was done to pick out the significant predictors of variability in disease transmission among the two groups.Results: Total respondents in the first and second quadmester were 243 and 1665, respectively. Factors like gender, clinical features, source of infection, family as source and type of duty taken were found to be statistically significant for the disease transmission dynamics among HCWs.Conclusions: As the pandemic advances, irrespective of the type of work place, self-reporting and regular testing of HCWs will help to check HCWs from getting infected and spreading the disease.
Effect of telemedicine on diabetic treatment and complications
Authors: Al-Ghamdi Hamed Saeed , Eldabbari Abdelrahman Abdrabou , Alharthi Salma Awadh , Alhutami Shahad Abdulbasit , Aljiffry Mohammed Omar , Alsharif Sultana Saadaldeen , Alqurashi Ahmad Maeesh , Mohammed Saeed Abdulsattar , Rawah Maram Adnan , Almalki Mona Saleh , Alotaibi Taghreed Jaman
Published: April 2021

Investigations have also reported that the efficacy of telemedicine in the easy delivery of information and provision of regular patient-doctor interaction and therefore, enhancing the quality of care of diabetics and reducing the risk of developing severe complications. In the present study, we aimed to discuss telemedicine use in the management of diabetic complications, depending on information from studies within the literature. Overall, telemedicine assists patients to properly maintain basic and adequate levels of blood glucose levels through continuous reminders. Therefore, the application of this modality requires patients to have home-based assessment devices for the regular monitoring of the blood glucose levels. Moreover, the modality also enhances the connection between the patient and the physicians which make the patient at an ease of being able to communicate with the doctor whenever necessary and therefore, this might have a positive psychological impact on these patients. Moreover, telemedicine can provide patients with adequate treatment schedules that might help patients comply with their drugs. Additionally, it can provide the most appropriate dietary components that can also help in achieving the best intervention, with the necessary supervision. Although there is good evidence about the efficacy of telemedicine as an efficacious modality in the treatment of diabetes and management of complications, the evident application in the healthcare settings is still poor. The main reason behind such lack of proper application is the potential lack of adequate financial support, lack of experienced staff dealing with the modalities and maintaining the best quality of care for the patients.
A clinical and mycological study of dermatophytosis in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Munuswamy Rajesh , Subramanian Pramodhini
Published: April 2021

Background: With changing climatic conditions, socio-demographic profile, economic conditions and occupational profile of the population, the profile of the dermatophyte infections is also changing. Hence, the study was done to find out the prevalence of various clinical pattern of dermatophytosis and correlate the clinical diagnosis with KOH positivity and fungal culture positivity.

Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital, Puducherry. The study included patients presenting to the dermatology outpatient department with skin lesions suggestive of dermatophyte infections between January 2016 to July 2017. The KOH test and fungal culture were done.

Results: The mean age of the patients was 33.65±11.61 years, with the majority belonging to 16 to 30 years of age group. There was a high male preponderance 72% with male:female ratio of 2.57:1. The most common clinical diagnosis was Tinea corporis in 47.50% of the population., followed by Tinea Unguium in 28% and Tinea cruris in 19.50%. KOH positivity was seen in 86 (43%) out of 200 cases in the study population. The culture was positive in 55 (27.50%) of the study population. The most common organism isolated in culture was Trichophyton mentagrophyte (10%), followed by Trichophyton rubrum (9.5%) and Trichophyton tonsurans (5.5%). 55 (27.5%) of the people had both culture and KOH positive.

Conclusions: Dermatophyte infections commonly affect the young and economically productive age group of 16 to 30-year, with high male preponderance. KOH tends to show a higher proportion of positivity as compared to culture.
Eosinophilic cellulitis (wells syndrome): a case report
Authors: Baabdullah Ahmad Mohammad , Al Hawsawi Khalid Ali , Alhubayshi Bashayr Saad , Gammash Marwa Rashed
Published: April 2021

Eosinophilic Cellulitis is also known as Wells syndrome is uncommon dermatitis, characterized by the infiltration of eosinophils in the dermis. The exact etiology of the disease is unknown. Clinically, it is highly varied but commonly the presentation is pruritic erythematous plaque. We report a case of one and half years old healthy boy who developed itchy bullae on the dorsum of his hand with multiple erythematous papules over his extremities that started immediately after his vaccines. Histopathological examination of the lesion showed infiltrate eosinophils with typical flame figures. The case was successfully treated with corticosteroid course. This report aims to present a case of eosinophilic cellulitis (Wells syndrome) triggered by the vaccine with a literature review of the disease. In conclusion, atypical presentation of any inflammatory disorder or that not responding to appropriate treatment should trigger suspicion of eosinophilic cellulitis. Up to now, systemic corticosteroids are the most successful treatment of eosinophilic cellulitis.  
Multiple familial trichoepitheliomas: a case report
Authors: N. Priyadharshini , Irri Harini , R. Sathyanarayanan
Published: April 2021

Trichoepithelioma is a rare benign adnexal tumor that differentiates towards the folliculo-sebaceous-apocrine unit (trichoblast). It may present as solitary non-familial lesion or multiple lesions as a part of autosomal dominant inherited syndrome known as multiple familial Trichoepithelioma. Multiple familial trichoepithelioma is a relatively rare, disfiguring, benign adnexal neoplasm diagnosed by centrofacial distribution of papules and nodules, positive family history, related histopathological findings and can rarely undergo malignant transformation. Treatment is mainly for cosmetic concern. Here we report a case who presented with multiple skin coloured facial papules and nodules, with a history of similar lesions in other family members. Dermoscopy and histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of trichoepitheliomas.
Hair colouring: what a dermatologist should know?
Authors: George Neethu Mary , Potlapati Amruthavalli
Published: April 2021

Hair is an important part of body and a major factor in self-image. A wide variety of hair cosmetic preparations are available and are used regularly by most of the world’s population. Hair colouring is one of the commonly done procedure. However, any chemical treatment, normal grooming habits and environmental exposure can produce changes in hair texture or hair breakage. It is necessary for a dermatologist to know the basis of hair colouring, the procedure and the possible side effects it can cause. Also post colour care is also to be known about to prevent further damage to treated hair. This article explains the basic chemistry and mechanism involved in hair dyeing and the basic facts a dermatologist should know.
2020 Partnership Report: Partnerships in a Time of Transformation
Authors:   Inter-American Development Bank
Published: April 2021

In 2020, the Inter-American Development Bank kicked off the new decade faced with a novel, unprecedented challenge: the COVID-19 pandemic. Fortunately, as the IDB Group sought to help the region's governments and companies navigate the social, economic, and health-related implications of this crisis, it did so with the support of a robust partnership network and a track record of collaborating with partners to amplify its impact. In 2020, the IDB Group was able to further leverage partnerships in this period of great transformation, continuing its efforts to advance the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and confront the new obstacles generated by the pandemic in partnership with governments, companies, philanthropic actors, academic institutions, and others. The pages of this report provide greater insight into these efforts, revealing partnerships to be an unrivaled tool for transforming challenges and uncertainty into opportunities for growth.
El proyecto político y las capacidades de gobierno
Authors: Spinelli Hugo
Published: April 2021

En este trabajo se realiza una revisión teórica sobre las capacidades de gobierno personales (experiencia, liderazgo y conocimiento) y las capacidades de gobierno institucionales (capital organizativo disponible) y su relación con lo político y las políticas en el contexto de América Latina. A partir de la producción teórica de Carlos Matus sobre la acción de gobernar, se ponen en discusión diversas dimensiones de esta problemática, las que se relacionan con otros autores y experiencias de diferentes momentos históricos. Se desarrollan teorías, métodos y técnicas de gobierno y se analiza la necesidad de la reforma del Estado desde una lógica interna. Se concluye en la necesidad de construir una teoría para la práctica de gobernar/gestionar las organizaciones públicas. Esa construcción requiere de acciones creativas que utilicen la teoría como caja de herramientas.
Leishmaniasis visceral: senderos que confluyen, se bifurcan
Authors: Salomón Oscar Daniel , Mastrángelo Andrea Verónica , Santini María Soledad , Ruvinsky Silvina , Orduna Tomás , Sinagra Angel , Concepción Luna , Riarte Adelina , Casas Natalia , Amiotti Paola
Published: April 2021

La leishmaniasis visceral urbana es una zoonosis emergente en Argentina. En América es producida por Leishmania infantum, con el perro como reservorio principal e insectos flebotomíneos como vectores. En este artículo se presenta el conocimiento acumulado a partir de su emergencia y dispersión en el país, por los referentes del Programa Nacional de Leishmaniasis, en el diagnóstico clínico y de laboratorio, tratamiento, biología de vectores, manejo de reservorio, y el conflicto generado con las acciones recomendadas en relación con los perros infectados. La detección temprana y el tratamiento precoz, con estrategias descentralizadas y horizontales, contribuirán a disminuir la morbimortalidad asociada a la leishmaniasis visceral. El control de su transmisión y dispersión requiere de un manejo ambiental integral y la tenencia responsable de perros. Se discuten los intereses y discursos en conflicto generados por la leishmaniasis visceral en el marco de la relación humano-perro, proponiendo la búsqueda de un discurso consensuado de riesgo.
Balance epidemiológico argentino
Authors: Carrillo Ramón
Published: April 2021

Este texto de Ramón Carrillo (1906-1956) corresponde al discurso de apertura de la 2ª Conferencia de Epidemiología y Endemias, del 6 de octubre de 1947. Fue publicado originalmente en 1949 en el libro Política sanitaria argentina, que reúne artículos, conferencias y discursos oficiales de quien, en 1946, decidió asumir el cargo de Secretario de Salud Pública y, posteriormente, fue el primer Ministro de Salud Pública que tuvo la Argentina. En palabras del propio autor: "uno de los triunfos de la medicina contemporánea reside, precisamente, en haber resuelto -o casi resuelto- los graves problemas de las enfermedades infecciosas y que si aún siguen imperando en algunos aspectos se debe pura y exclusivamente a la despreocupación de los gobiernos por las cosas que atañen directamente a la vida y a la salud del pueblo"; lo que no hace más que recordarnos el carácter social de los problemas de salud, enfermedad y atención de los conjuntos sociales. La transcripción de este discurso en la sección "Memoria e historia" tiene el propósito de destacar la vigencia de un pensamiento sanitario formulado hace 65 años, que interpela la realidad sanitaria argentina actual.
Az idősek szociális kapcsolatai és szabadidő-eltöltése
Authors: R. Fedor Anita , Ungvári Sándor , Markos Valéria
Published: April 2021

The phenomenon of the aging of societies is now well-known, demonstrating its demographic, economic and social impact in many countries around the world. The increase in average life expectancy at birth and the low number of children have naturally triggered the emergence of declining, aging societies. All this has led to a number of tasks for policy makers, domestic and international organizations, primarily to promote active, healthy aging. This article describes some of the results of an empirical study of 167 people conducted jointly with St. Luke’s Greek Catholic Charity in the winter of 2019 in order to assess the situation and needs of the elderly. This article presents the results of our study, which focuses on community activities, leisure, and social relationships. During our analytical work, we found that those living in residential care homes are more open to community-based activities to maintain physical and mental activity.
A felzárkóztatás módszertana
Authors: Fucskó Mónika
Published: April 2021

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Research on anti-flutter processing of aeroengine casing
Authors: Xiang Huayuan , Xiao Yang
Published: April 2021

Due to the thin and rigid wall of aeroengine casing, it is easy to reduce the machining accuracy due to the vibration of machine tools and cutting tools. Therefore, this paper designed an auxiliary fixture that can suppress such vibration.According to the vibration absorption principle of the tuned mass damper, this fixture is designed to transfer the vibration energy of the casing to the auxiliary fixture so as to reduce the vibration of the casing itself.According to Ansysworkbench analysis, this fixture can significantly reduce the vibration of the casing.The results show that the maximum vibration amplitude of the casing is reduced by 60%, and the average vibration amplitude is also significantly reduced.The auxiliary fixture has many advantages such as simple installation, simple disassembly and installation, strong expansibility and so on.
Research on Identification Algorithm of Fragile Nodes: Based on Static and Dynamic Combination of Uncertainty in New Energy
Authors: Lin Yingming , Yan Binjie , Gu Dongjian
Published: April 2021

In this work, taking the coupled 54-node power distribution system and 25-node power flow system as examples, the effectiveness of this method is verified. In addition, a multi-objective ADN joint planning model is established by means of Wasserstein distance measurement and K-medoid scenario analysis. The location, size RES, BESS and expansion schemes of distribution network based on this model are analyzed in detail, in order to provide scientific, reliable, and cost-maximized EVCS’s charging service capabilities. More importantly, we propose a multi-objective optimization algorithm−MONAA algorithm to solve the model.
Analysis on Design and Optimization Measures of Automobile Electronic and Electrical Architecture
Authors: Niu Yitong
Published: April 2021

With the development of society and economy, automobile has become an indispensable means of transportation for people’s daily life and work. It has become the key development goal of automobile industry to improve the performance of automobiles and providing people with a safe and comfortable riding environment. This paper takes the electronic and electrical structure and optimization measures of automobile as the research object, and provides reference for automobile development by studying the electronic and electrical structure and optimization process.
Domestic Violence During the COVID-19 Pandemic – Analysis of Legal Solutions Adopted by Selected European Countries
Authors: Wilanowska Monika
Published: April 2021

Domestic violence imposes a serious threat to the safety of both individuals and society in general. Experiencing domestic violence adversely affects the lives and health of victims in a particularly severe way. Reports provided by states and organisations demonstrate that domestic violence has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Governmental restrictions aimed at stopping the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus have had a negative impact on the victims of domestic violence, limiting their ability to benefit from the institutional support guaranteed by existing laws. An analysis of the domestic violence prevention solutions implemented by selected European countries during the COVID-19 pandemic leads to the conclusion that states were not prepared for the social impact of the introduced restrictions, such as an increase in domestic violence cases. Their measures mainly consist of establishing instructions for the functioning of certain institutions or guaranteeing the possibility of using the forms of assistance provided. The legal solutions that many European legislators have enacted are insufficient. No comprehensive strategies have been introduced to prevent this problem during the pandemic.
Modelos explicativos del VIH/SIDA entre la población awajún de comunidades intervenidas por el Fondo Global en el marco de la estrategia contra el VIH
Authors: Chávez Giannina
Published: April 2021

Este artículo presenta una aproximación a los modelos explicativos sobre el VIH/SIDA que circulan entre la población awajún de comunidades que han sido intervenidas por el Fondo Global en el marco de la estrategia contra el VIH. En ese sentido, se entiende la salud como una instancia de interrelación entre el pueblo y el Estado, y por lo tanto, se tiene en cuenta que los diálogos o encuentros médicos, donde se habla de la enfermedad, son determinantes en la experiencia de la enfermedad, pues reflejan un marco de relaciones sociales determinadas histórica y políticamente.

Para ello se ha realizado trabajo de campo en el mes de febrero, agosto y setiembre del 2017 en comunidades nativas de la etnia Awajún en el río Cenepa, en Amazonas. A través de la observación constante y participante, y entrevistas abiertas y a profundidad se ha investigado cómo circula y se negocia la información con respecto al VIH/SIDA desde los distintos actores involucrados en la lucha contra el VIH, cómo el contexto sociopolítico afecta los modelos explicativos y cómo expresan su relación con el Estado. Las diversas percepciones y casos recogidos manifiestan modelos de conspiración sobre el ingreso del virus a la zona y modelos de daño y brujería, cuestionando la existencia de la enfermedad y el potencial beneficio del tratamiento. En ese sentido, se vinculan a la relación entre esta población, el Estado y el sistema de salud; así como con condiciones de pobreza y desigualdad; que llevan a la constante negociación y reinterpretación de modelos explicativos en el marco de esta estrategia.
Pensar la ciudad en otras escalas: Un balance teórico para el fenómeno urbano en el Perú a partir de “Jauja Monumental”
Authors: Correa Omar
Published: April 2021

¿Cómo pensar la ciudad en el Perú fuera de Lima? El presente artículo explora dos acercamientos teóricos para ser tomados en cuenta en el estudio de ciudades intermedias, a partir del caso del “Jauja Monumental”, proyecto de revalorización urbana desarrollado en dicha ciudad de la sierra central. A partir de este caso, se exploran y discuten dos acercamientos teóricos que permiten aprehender y analizar el caso en su complejidad. Estos son la propuesta de la “producción del espacio” (PdE), desde la tradición marxista de Lefebvre, y la propuesta latinoamericana de los “imaginarios urbanos” (IU) desde Hiernaux, Silva y Lindón. De esta manera, se busca alimentar al debate teórico sobre las ciudades en el Perú, desde una propuesta que atienda a las variables económico-políticas, pero también culturales y simbólicas por las que ciudades de otras escalas y locaciones más allá de la metrópoli limeña se van (re)configurando en el tiempo.
Incorporando al Otro: un examen histórico de los procesos productivos del pueblo Yánesha de la Selva Central
Authors: Avendaño Alex
Published: April 2021

Un tema común entre las investigaciones sobre las economías indígenas amazónicas ha consistido en el cambio de su carácter ‘tradicional’ por procesos de inserción al mercado. El caso del pueblo Yánesha, que habita el valle del Palcazú, no ha sido la excepción. En este espacio, al desarrollo de la producción ganadera comercial y el establecimiento de tres grandes áreas naturales protegidas, le han seguido proyectos en torno a la sostenibilidad ambiental en los últimos 30 años. En esa línea, el presente ensayo pretende tomar una ruta distinta para la interpretación sobre el cambio económico y social de este pueblo. Basándose en la revisión de tres momentos históricos y en una salida de campo exploratoria, este texto atiende los cambios en los procesos productivos, y contempla modos de relacionamiento con la alteridad de las poblaciones indígenas amazónicas, caracterizados por una disposición de ‘apertura al otro’. De esta manera, se argumentará la necesidad de cuestionar las nociones de inserción al mercado como una simple integración pasiva; y, asimismo, de aproximarnos teóricamente a las maneras en que los miembros de las poblaciones Yánesha incorporan los elementos foráneos a su vida social mediante la práctica.
Challenges for a complex comparative analysis: problematizing educational data in the context of the Covid pandemic 19 in Campinas (SP) - Brazil
Authors: Pereira de Mello Juliano , Renda Vitorino Artur
Published: April 2021

This work aims to problematize the impacts of Pandemic Covid 19 in the elementary school of the Municipal Education Network of Campinas (RMEC) considering a brief comparative analysis between two municipal schools regarding the performance or not of non-classroom activities offered by them, in the light of the educational legislation in force and, mainly, from the discussion proposed in a comparative education with a complex and systemic approach, from the pedagogical and political clashes for the democratization of teaching, from the use of data in a contextualized way and not only as carriers of a neutral and unquestionable rationality and the elements of an aesthetic mode of existence present in the documents and actions implemented in the context of the closure of schools due to the Covid Pandemia 19.
Prácticas profesionalizantes en la Educación Técnica Superior. La experiencia del sector informática en la provincia argentina de Corrientes
Authors: D’Andrea Ana , Buontempo María , Butti Federico
Published: April 2021

El presente artículo se orienta a identificar los tipos de capacidades que buscan desarrollar las Prácticas Profesionalizantes en la formación de técnicos superiores en el Soporte de Infraestructura de Tecnología de la Información de la provincia de Corrientes (Argentina). Se trata de un estudio descriptivo cuyos resultados se extraen de entrevistas en profundidad a los distintos actores que intervienen en las Prácticas Profesionalizantes de una muestra intencional de tres carreras. Como resultado se observa el desarrollo de algunas capacidades profesionales específicas en función del contexto (con escasas posibilidades de expansión). Los estudiantes valoran la adquisición de capacidades profesionales básicas (comunes a cualquier técnico con independencia de la especialidad).