bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Мобілізація в Україні, досягнення та виклики
Authors: Коваль M. , Тіхонов Г. , Тютюнник В.
Published: February 2025

З початком вторгнення РФ на територію України перед державою гостро постало питання доукомплектування Сил оборони особовим складом до штатів воєнного часу навченими людськими ресурсами. Виходячи із зазначеного, виникла нагальна потреба проаналізувати та узагальнити практичний досвід діяльності Збройних Сил України пов’язаних з виконанням мобілізаційних заходів, зокрема призову громадян на військову службу під час мобілізації.
Мета статті ‑ дослідити практики мобілізації, що застосовувались в Україні, зокрема з початком військової агресії РФ проти України, визначити які стратегії мобілізації були найбільш ефективними, враховуючи як законодавчі зміни, так і управлінські рішення.
Основною проблемою в комплектуванні військ (сил) особовим складом в початковий період війни стало порушення вимог до ведення військового обліку військовозобов’язаних та резервістів і особливо, правил реєстрації місця проживання фізичних осіб, а також не виконання керівниками органів державної влади, органів місцевого самоврядування та керівниками підприємств і установ вимог постанов Кабінету Міністрів України щодо бронювання військовозобов’язаних.
Початок повномасштабної агресії російської федерації проти України спровокував масову міграцію населення як всередині країни так і за її межі що свою чергу відкрило ряд проблем які тісно пов’язані з цим процесом.
Удосконалення існуючих і поява нових форм і способів бойового застосування військ (сил), використання противником новітнього озброєння і військової техніки обумовлює зміни в порядку і заходах мобілізації. Визначено основні тенденції розвитку та удосконалення заходів мобілізації з урахуванням змін воєнно-політичної обстановки. Згруповано та визначено актуальні напрями діяльності, що потребують подальшого дослідження в сфері мобілізації.
Oncogenic NTRK3 mutations exhibit differential sensitivity to tropomyosin receptor kinase inhibitors in patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Joshi Sunil K. , Huang Ariane , Pittsenbarger Janét , Shinde Ujwal , Posso Camilo , Piehowski Paul D. , Gosline Sara J.C. , Press Richard D. , Gritsenko Marina A. , Hutchinson Chelsea , Weitz Karl K. , Watanabe-Smith Kevin , Long Nicola , Rodland Karin D. , Tyner Jeffrey W. , Druker Brian J. , Tognon Cristina E.
Published: February 2025

Not available.
Psychoeducation Analysis in Tafsir Al-Maraghi: An Integrated Approach
Authors: Zakiyah Ermita
Published: February 2025

This research aims to look at the concept of psychoeducation according to Al-Maraghi's interpretation. Many phenomena in education are caused by a lack of harmony between academic achievement and student behavior, so psychoeducation is a solution to harmonize achievement and positive character with correct behavior patterns. Both following cultural and religious etiquette, this research method is library research with the perspective of Al-Maraghi's interpretation because it interpretation uses the methodology of manhaj al-adab al-ijtimai or social society so that Al-Maraghi's views on psychoeducation can be studied thoroughly. The data analysis in this research is by explaining verses from the Qur'an with Al-Maraghi's interpretation of psychoeducation and linking verses that prohibit bullying. The findings of this research are that the concept of psychoeducation explained by Al-Maraghi requires the role of all parties involved in the educational process so that education and psychology can be integrated and Allah becomes a person's benchmark in carrying out psychoeducation.
Peningkatan Pemahaman Nilai-nilai Religius dan Kepercayaan Diri Ibu-ibu Lansia melalui Program Day Care
Authors: Muchtar Nicky Estu Putu , Muflich Moch. Faizin , Inayah Karimatul , Aprilianto Dwi
Published: February 2025

This study aims to enhance the understanding of religious values and self-confidence among elderly women at Panti Werdha Mental Kasih Lamongan through a day care program. The research method used is qualitative with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that: 1) the implementation of the day care program through religious values involves activities that encompass elements of faith, worship, and morality, while self-confidence includes aspects of behavior, emotion, and spirituality. 2) The effectiveness of enhancing the understanding of religious values and self-confidence among elderly women through the day care program, based on interviews and field observations conducted continuously and sustainably every day, was concluded to show a 75% improvement. 3) The impact of improving the understanding of religious values includes being faithful, devout, moral, optimistic, and humble. In contrast, the character impact of self-confidence among elderly women includes being more self-assured, courageous in expressing themselves, learning new skills, and being independent. The day care program at Panti Werdha Mental Kasih Lamongan offers various activities such as public religious studies, regular elderly discussions, counseling activities, group exercises, elderly community service, creative life skills, art performances, and elderly health posts (posyandu lansia). This study contributes to providing solutions to improve the quality of life for the elderly.
Problematika Pendidikan Agama Islam pada Pembentukan Karakter Siswa di Sekolah Dasar Negeri
Authors: Amalah Husnul , Nasirudin Ahmat , Khusniati Elvina , Nadhifah Siti Nurun , Kamila Muzakiyah
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the problems of Islamic religious education (PAI) learning in forming students' character. This study used a qualitative descriptive method. Data collection techniques in the study included interviews with PAI teachers and students at SDN Somowinangun and observing the learning process in the classroom. The results of this study found three interrelated things. First, the values ​​of character education are included in PAI learning. Second, there are several main problems, namely poor student behavior, such as lack of politeness when talking to teachers and the lack of role of parents in educating children's character, limited class hours, and weak teacher professionalism. Third, schools program methods for habituating commendable behavior in the school environment, providing guidance and religious guidance to students that are adjusted to the values ​​of character education. The results of this study provide an overview of student character issues and the efforts of PAI teachers and schools to overcome these problems.
Bullying Prevention Strategies through the Foster Guardian Program in Pesantren
Authors: Zahid Reza Ahmad
Published: February 2025

Amid growing concerns over bullying in educational environments, Islamic boarding schools have initiated foster guardian programs as a preventive measure, aiming to create a safer and more nurturing atmosphere for their students. This approach seeks to leverage these institutions' communal and familial structures, promoting a culture of care and respect among students. This study aims to reveal bullying prevention strategies through foster guardian programs in Islamic boarding schools. The research method in this study employs a qualitative case study approach. The results of this study have two main findings. First, the foster guardian program results from an initiative by the boarding school administrators. The program has been operational from 2016 to the present. The inception and sustainability of the program are based on the evaluation and reflection of the boarding school administrators on the various challenges they face in caring for junior students. The concept of foster guardians is also a result of adapting the concept of parenting within a family, such that foster guardians assume the role of older siblings to their younger counterparts. Second, foster guardians creatively prevent and address bullying problems among students. This creativity is characterized by various forms of foster guardian efforts dubbed bullying prevention strategies, which include identifying the root of the problem, fostering an attitude of mutual love and affection, providing advice and punishment, and increasing room-based activities. This study suggests that addressing bullying in Islamic boarding schools involves parenting strategies that incorporate anti-bullying awareness, Islamic teachings, school traditions, and psychology.
Pendekatan Integratif Pendidikan Tauhid dan Nilai-nilai Moderasi Beragama dalam Pembentukan Akhlak Terpuji
Authors: Basuki Danang Dwi
Published: February 2025

Forming noble morals is Islamic education's primary goal, reflecting faith in Allah. However, challenges such as moral deviation, violence, and intolerance indicate the need for a holistic educational approach. This study analyzes the integration of monotheistic education and religious moderation values ​​in forming noble morals. Monotheism education is becoming a spiritual foundation, including Rububiyah, Uluhiyah, and Asma wa Sifat. Meanwhile, religious moderation values, such as tolerance (tasamuh), justice (i'tidal), and love of the homeland (al-muwathanah), provide social guidance in a multicultural society. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature study design. The process is carried out through three stages: (1) identification of literature using relevant keywords, (2) selection of literature, and (3) thematic synthesis to reveal the relationship between monotheism education and religious moderation values. The study results indicate that the integration of monotheistic education and religious moderation values ​​can form noble morals relevant to modern challenges. For example, muraqabatullah (awareness of being watched by Allah) contains values ​​of improvement and exemplary behavior, while tawadhu (humility) strengthens values ​​of tolerance and anti-violence. This integration process can be implemented through a curriculum based on moderation values, experiential learning, and teacher training. In conclusion, the integrative approach forms tolerant religious individuals and contributes to social harmony. This paradigm reflects Islam as rahmatan lil 'alamin, as a solution to the challenges of character education in the era of diversity.
Islamic Religious Education Learning Strategies for Inclusion Students at Muhammadiyah High School
Authors: Anggraini Fadhilla Nangroe , Mustofa Triono Ali , Hadi Abil Fida Muhammad Qois Al
Published: February 2025

The issue of educational integration is a significant concern in meeting the special needs of regular school students, including Islamic Religious Education (PAI) subjects. Although the inclusive program aims to create an equitable learning environment, its implementation has various challenges, including limited teacher resources and lack of training. This study aimed to determine the PAI learning strategy for inclusive students at SMA Muhammadiyah 6 Surakarta and identify the obstacles faced during its implementation. This study used a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data was collected through direct observation of the learning process in grades 10-12, in-depth interviews with PAI teachers, students, and parents, and document analysis. The study results showed that inclusive learning strategies began with recognizing the unique needs of students, such as visual impairments, hearing impairments, hyperactivity, and intellectual disabilities. The strategies implemented included personalization of learning, use of audiovisual media, adaptation of teaching materials such as the Quran and Hadith, and collaboration with parents. Up to 40% of teachers felt adequately trained in inclusive learning, and revised assessments showed an increase in student engagement academically and socially by up to 30%. This study concludes that flexible, innovative, and inclusive learning strategies can enhance the academic and social potential of students with special needs. The implications of this study highlight the importance of intensive training for teachers, the development of more adaptive curricula, and educational policies that support inclusive learning in formal schools.
Penguatan Karakter Disiplin melalui Program Amaliah Ubudiah di Madrasah Aliyah
Authors: Rossa Devind Camelia , Hosna Rofiatul
Published: February 2025

Reprehensible behavior is basically carried out by students who have a low understanding of religion. Through the charity (amaliah ubudiah) program, students can have commendable behavior. This study aims to form a disciplined character through the charity program in students of Madrasah Aliyah Al-Asy'ari Keras Diwek Jombang. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive type. Data collection techniques are carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that; 1) the activity of strengthening the character of discipline through the charity program is carried out through activities that emphasize time discipline, attitude discipline and learning discipline 2) the character of student discipline in this madrasah through the implementation of the charity program through interviews and observations in the field continuously every day and continuously, so it can be concluded that there is a positive impact and a 70% increase in the character of student discipline, 3) the lack of student discipline is caused by several inhibiting factors such as low self-awareness, lack of parental attention and the influence of friendship, in addition there are also supporting factors, namely a good school environment, adequate facilities, and support from parents. This study provides a solution to strengthen the character of student discipline.
Water Crisis in the Megalopolis of the Center of Mexico. Indigenous and Gender-based Management
Authors:   Regional Center for Multidisciplinary Research at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (CRIM-UNAM in Spanish), Mexico, Oswald-Spring Úrsula
Published: February 2025

This article analyzes misguided hydraulic policies and proposes sustainable human and environmental
management by Indigenous people and woman. Since 1950, engineers have pumped water from
neighboring states up to 1,100 m into the Megalopolis of Central Mexico (MCM), drilling through
mountains and discharging rain and toxic wastewater from an endorheic basin into a nearby arid
state. High energy costs, air pollution, sewage flooding in marginal neighborhoods, depletion of rivers,
destruction of storage in adjacent states, and overexploitation of aquifers have resulted in increasing
water shortages for 32 million inhabitants, poor drinking water quality, and an annual subsidence of
40 cm, affecting infrastructure, buildings, and the metro. These destructive processes began with the
Spanish conquest, when they drained lakes in an endorheic basin to gain land for real estates. Today,
climate uncertainty, prolonged droughts, higher temperatures, erratic rainfall, flash floods, and flooding
in the densely populated MCM basin require alternative water policies. There is hope for sustainable
water policies in the hands of newly elected female authorities, involving citizens, Indigenous people,
business people and peasants in this semiarid region. Furthermore, climate change obliges the society
and the government to promote environmental security with resilience, including territorial planning,
the protection of mountain forests surrounding the MCM, local sanitation of wastewater to recharge the
groundwater table, and rainwater infiltration to recover overexploited aquifers. The conclusions mention
the Indigenous peoples who cared for the forest for thousands of years, until chaotic urbanization and
economic interests destroyed nature and created man-made shortages of water. Women are central to
water-saving techniques, harvesting rainfall, roofing gardens, and using gray water to irrigate gardens
and parks. Within their homes and in public, they have promoted a care economy with a sustainable
water culture and ecosystem recovery that allows them to collectively ensure safe water for a growing
population over the long term.
Roosevelt's Amazon: A Life Dedicated to the Indigenous Peoples of the Rainforest
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of History and Laboratory of Archaeology, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), Maranhão, Braz, Navarro Alexandre Guida , Gouveia Neto João Costa ,   Adjunct Professor, Department of Arts and Physical Education, State University of Maranhão (UEMA), Maranhão, Brazil, da Conceição Karen Cristina Costa ,   PhD Student, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), Maranhão, Brazil, Silva Louyse Sousa ,   Master Student, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), Maranhão, Brazil, Diniz Rayana Cristina Araújo ,   Master Student, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), Maranhão, Brazil, Nascimento Joabe da Silva ,   Master Student, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), Maranhão, Brazil, Gomes Guilherme Aguiar ,   Master Student, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), Maranhão, Brazil
Published: February 2025

Anna C. Roosevelt is one of the most important scholars of the Amazon. In the late 1970s, the American
archaeologist caused a revolution in the archaeological thinking of South America's lowlands by
opposing the ecological determinism that dominated archaeological thought at the time. Roosevelt
brought significant visibility and prominence to the history of Brazilian indigenous peoples, asserting
that the original peoples who inhabited the region thrived in the tropical environment, achieving the
status of civilization. This article revisits her chapter published in the work that inaugurated the so-called
New Indigenous History, which remains a cornerstone in understanding the traditional peoples of the
Amazon.
Case Study of an Ommaya Reservoir
Authors:   College of Nursing, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA., Chernecky Cynthia
Published: February 2025

Oncology patient with Ommaya reservoir shows documentation of “sleeping” for past 5 hours and
“snoring”. Further examination finds dilated pupils, unresponsiveness, and upon pulling back the
bed covers reveals decerebrate rigidity. Diagnosis was increased intracranial pressure. Immediate
intervention was accessing the Ommaya resulting in the patient becoming awakened and alert.
Deteksi Gen Jamur Candida albicans pada Saliva Penderita Diabetes Melitus Dengan Metode Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Sophia Anggun , Suraini Suraini , Arhesta Silvi
Published: February 2025

Diabetes mellitus is a predisposing factor that increases the risk of oral candidiasis, where the oral cavity of patients becomes an ideal environment for fungal growth due to excess glucose in saliva secretion. This glucose accumulation, along with disturbances in the salivary glands, can trigger the growth of Candida albicans, making it a significant health issue. To accurately detect the presence of Candida albicans, the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method is used, which allows for the identification of fungal genes with high sensitivity. The aim of this study is to detect the Candida albicans gene in the saliva of women with diabetes mellitus using the Polymerase Chain Reaction method. This research is an analytical study with a cross-sectional design. The samples used in this study are saliva from 10 diabetes mellitus patients experiencing oral pain symptoms. The examination procedures include saliva sample collection, fungal culture testing using Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA), conventional identification, and fungal gene detection using the PCR method. This process includes fungal sample preparation, DNA extraction, DNA amplification, and agarose gel electrophoresis. The results show that 1 respondent tested positive for Candida albicans in the saliva sample, with a percentage of 10%, while 90% were negative. Positive test results were determined through macroscopic analysis of fungal cultures, microscopic examination with Gram staining, and further testing using the germ tube method. The positive sample was then analyzed for fungal gene detection using the PCR method with Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS), where Candida albicans was detected in the ITS region with a product length of 600 bp.
Aktivitas Krim Ekstrak Etil Asetat Pelepah Pisang Ambon (Musa acuminta Colla) Sebagai Antibakteri Penyebab Jerawat (Propionibacterium acnes)
Authors: Tatambihe Naomi Azazya , Yuhara Novena Adi , Rawar Ellsya Angeline
Published: February 2025

Propionibacterium acnes merupakan salah satu bakteri yang menyebabkan jerawat. Pelepah pisang merupakan bagian tanaman pisang yang sering tidak dimanfaatkan dan biasanya menjadi limbah. Ekstrak pelepah pisang ambon (Musa acuminata Colla) mengandung senyawa tanin yang memiliki potensi antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mutu fisik dan stabilitas krim antijerawat ekstrak pelepah pisang ambon serta mengetahui aktivitas antijerawat terhadap Propionibacterium acnes. Pelepah pisang ambon diekstraksi melalui metode maserasi dengan menggunakan pelarut etil asetat kemudian dibuat 4 sediaan krim yang diuji organoleptis, pH, homogenitas, daya sebar, daya lekat dan viskositas sebelum dan sesudah uji cycling test selama 3 siklus, serta dilakukan uji antibakteri dengan metode sumuran, data zona hambat dilakukan uji One-Way ANOVA dan uji Duncan untuk mengetahui apakah ada perbedaan signifikan dari setiap formula. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sediaan krim dinilai memiliki stabilitas yang baik pada F1, F2, F3 dilihat dari uji organoleptis sediaan yang berbentuk lembut, berwarna putih kecoklatan, homogen, pH masuk dalam rentang (4,5-8,0), daya sebar (5-7 cm), daya lekat dan viskositas dibawah 40.000 cps. Hasil zona hambat yang didapatkan F1 sebesar 14,33 mm, F2 sebesar 15,20 mm, F3 sebesar 16,483 mm dan F4 sebesar 17,2 mm dengan nilai hasil uji One-Way ANOVA p-value <0,05, yang berarti terdapat perbedaan signifikan. Hasil uji Duncan menyajikan secara berurutan zona hambat dari yang terendah hingga yang tertinggi. Berdasarkan evaluasi yang dilakukan, F1 memiliki mutu fisik yang baik dikarenakan memenuhi semua syarat mutu fisik.
Pemberian Ekstrak Asam Kandis terhadap Penurunan Glukosa Darah pada Tikus yang Diinduksi Aloksan
Authors: Sari Rita Permata , Juliandi Muhammad Diki , Putra Fuji Verdian , Endra Pratama Yudha , Sintia Angraini Dinda
Published: February 2025

Diabetes mellitus merupakan penyakit metabolik yang ditandai dengan hiperglikemia kronis akibat gangguan sekresi insulin, kerja insulin, atau keduanya. Penggunaan bahan alami sebagai alternatif pengobatan diabetes semakin menarik perhatian, salah satunya adalah ekstrak etil asetat buah asam kandis Garcinia parvifolia (Miq.) Miq), yang diketahui memiliki kandungan bioaktif dengan potensi antidiabetes. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efek pemberian ekstrak Asam Kandis terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah pada tikus yang diinduksi aloksan. Dalam penelitian ini, tikus jantan Wistar dibagi menjadi lima kelompok: kelompok kontrol negative (pemberian pakan standar, kontrol positif (diabetes yang diinduksi aloksan tanpa perlakuan), dan tiga kelompok perlakuan yang menerima dosis berbeda dari ekstrak Asam Kandis (40 mg, 80 mg dan 160mg). Kadar glukosa darah diukur menggunakan glukometer pada hari ke-0 (sebelum induksi aloksan), hari ke-7 setelah pemberian aloksan, dan pada hari ke-14, setelah pemberian ekstrak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak Asam Kandis dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah pada tikus yang diinduksi aloksan dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol positif. Efek penurunan glukosa darah terlihat lebih signifikan pada dosis rendah (40 mg) yang diberikan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah ekstrak Asam Kandis memiliki potensi sebagai agen antidiabetes yang efektif dalam menurunkan kadar glukosa darah.
Interaction of integrin αvβ3 and fibronectin under fluid shear forces: implications for tumor cell adhesion and migration
Authors: Zhuo Paimin , Li Quhuan , Yang Bishan , Li Na , Luo Zhiqing , Zhang Fengxia
Published: February 2025

The interaction between integrin αvβ3 and fibronectin enables tumor cell adherence to endothelial layers under diverse hydrodynamic blood flow conditions, particularly in low shear stress regions. Understanding the mechanical binding characteristics between integrin αvβ3 and fibronectin under different hydrodynamic environments can provide insights into tumor cell invasion and proliferation. Here, the adhesive behavior of fibronectin-functionalized microspheres on integrin αvβ3-coated substrates under various wall fluid shear forces (0.1–0.7 dyn/cm2) was assessed using a parallel plate flow chamber system. The bond lifetimes of integrin αvβ3-fibronectin initially increased and then decreased, indicating transition from a “catch bond” to “slip bond.” Upon perfusion of fibronectin-coated microspheres into flow chambers with high-density integrin αvβ3 coating, the rolling velocity of the microspheres increased with increasing shear force. Additionally, the mean stop time and stop frequency exhibited a force-dependent biphasic pattern, initially increasing and then decreasing with shear force, demonstrating a nuanced response to mechanical forces. Thus, the integrin αvβ3–fibronectin interaction displays a “catch bond” property, influencing cell distribution in varying fluid shear forces by promoting optimal adhesion in specific shear sites. These insights enhance our understanding of tumor cell adhesion and migration in hydrodynamic environments and may aid the design of integrin αvβ3-targeted therapies.
Climatological patterns of heatwaves during winter and spring 2023 and trends for the period 1979–2023 in central South America
Authors: Marengo Jose A. , Costa Mabel Calim , Cunha Ana Paula , Espinoza Jhan-Carlo , Jimenez Juan C. , Libonati Renata , Miranda Vitor , Trigo Isabel F. , Sierra Juan Pablo , Geirinhas Joao L. , Ramos Andrea M. , Skansi Milagros , Molina-Carpio Jorge , Salinas Roberto
Published: February 2025

In the last 40 years, trends in heat wave frequency, intensity, and duration have increased steadily around the world. These intense heat waves were characterized persistent atmospheric blocking episode, with a continuous presence of a warm air mass and lack of rain for several consecutive days, that contributed to pronounced positive temperature anomalies, reinforced by extremely low soil moisture, and warm and drought conditions. The year 2023 was the warmest year on record, and the global average temperature was +1.45°C above pre-industrial (1850–1900) values worldwide. In South America 2023 was the warmest since 1900, with 0.81°C above the 1991–2020 reference period. Central South America experienced a sequence of heatwaves series being the most intense during the autumn and spring of 2023. From August to December 2023, the meteorological services of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Bolivia reported record-high maximum temperatures in this period in several stations east of the Andes and identified 7 heat waves episodes that affected all these countries. The large-scale circulation patterns show that heatwaves were characterized by an anomalously high-pressure system that facilitated the formation of a heat dome through dry, hot air columns over a warm and dry soil. Several locations experienced temperature of about 10°C above normal, and some locations reported maximum temperatures above 40°C for several days in a row. These heat waves aggravated the drought over Amazonia during the second half of 2023, during an El Niño year. Compound drought-heat favored hydrological drought, while the increased dryness amplified the risk of fires.
Icarus 2.0: Redditors’ perceptions of the International Olympic Committee’s organizational legitimacy during the 2022 Beijing Winter Games
Authors: Hill Megan R. , Price Katey A.
Published: February 2025

News of Russian Olympic Committee (ROC) figure skater Kamila Valieva’s positive test for the banned substance trimetazidine broke during the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics. At only 15-years-old, Valieva’s status as a minor at the time of the Games subjected her to different standards than her adult competitors. Despite this fact, the decision to allow her to continue to compete at the Games sent shockwaves through sport fan communities around the world, particularly those devoted to figure skating. This study thus sought to understand how fans of figure skating perceived and made sense of the Valieva scandal as it unfolded during the Games, with particular attention paid to how fans reacted to the main sport’s governing body of the Olympics, the International Olympic Committee (IOC). Fans’ real-time posts to the social media platform Reddit were analyzed through the lens of organizational legitimacy theory. Thematic analysis revealed that fans’ posts about the IOC were either neutral, legitimate, or illegitimate, with fans overwhelmingly viewing the IOC as an illegitimate organization due to corruption, downplaying the scandal, and ineffectiveness. Figure skating fans on Reddit demonstrated a clear lack of trust in the IOC to govern the Games in a way that would ensure clean, equitable competition and, as a result, fans expressed waning interest in following the sport any further.
Identification of mouse and human embryonic pancreatic cells with adult Procr+ progenitor transcriptomic and epigenomic characteristics
Authors: Heidenreich Ana C. , Bacigalupo Lucas , Rossotti Martina , Rodríguez-Seguí Santiago A.
Published: February 2025

Background

The quest to find a progenitor cell in the adult pancreas has driven research in the field for decades. Many potential progenitor cell sources have been reported, but so far this is a matter of debate mainly due to reproducibility issues. The existence of adult Procr+ progenitor cells in mice islets has been recently reported. These were shown to comprise ~1% of islet cells, lack expression of Neurog3 and endocrine hormones, and to be capable of differentiating into all endocrine cell types. However, these findings had limited impact, as further evidence supporting the existence and function of Procr+ progenitors has not emerged.

Methods and findings

We report here an unbiased comparison across mouse and human pancreatic samples, including adult islets and embryonic tissue, to track the existence of Procr+ progenitors originally described based on their global gene expression signature. We could not find Procr+ progenitors on other mouse or human adult pancreatic islet samples. Unexpectedly, our results revealed a transcriptionally close mesothelial cell population in the mouse and human embryonic pancreas. These Procr-like mesothelial cells of the embryonic pancreas share the salient transcriptional and epigenomic features of previously reported Procr+ progenitors found in adult pancreatic islets. Notably, we report here that Procr-like transcriptional signature is gradually established in mesothelial cells during mouse pancreas development from E12.5 to E17.5, which has its largest amount. Further supporting a developmentally relevant role in the human pancreas, we additionally report that a transcriptionally similar population is spontaneously differentiated from human pluripotent stem cells cultured in vitro along the pancreatic lineage.

Conclusions

Our results show that, although the previously reported Procr+ progenitor cell population could not be found in other adult pancreatic islet samples, a mesothelial cell population with a closely related transcriptional signature is present in both the mouse and human embryonic pancreas. Several lines of evidence presented in this work support a developmentally relevant function for these Procr-like mesothelial cells.
Genetic and metabolic characterization of individual differences in liver fat accumulation in Atlantic salmon
Authors: Horn Siri S. , Sonesson Anna K. , Krasnov Aleksei , Aslam Muhammad L. , Hillestad Borghild , Ruyter Bente
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Lipid accumulation in the liver can negatively impact liver function and health, which is well-described for humans and other mammals, but relatively unexplored in Atlantic salmon. This study investigates the phenotypic, genetic, and transcriptomic variations related to individual differences in liver fat content within a group of slaughter-sized Atlantic salmon reared under the same conditions and fed the same feed. The objective was to increase the knowledge on liver fat deposition in farmed salmon and evaluate the potential for genetic improvement of this trait.

Methods

The study involved measuring liver fat content in a group of slaughter-sized Atlantic salmon. Genetic analysis included estimating heritability and conducting genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Transcriptomic analysis was performed to link liver fat content to gene expression, focusing on genes involved in lipid metabolic processes.

Results

There was a large variation in liver fat content, ranging from 3.6% to 18.8%, with frequent occurrences of high liver fat. Livers with higher levels of fat had higher proportions of the fatty acids 16:1 n-7, 18:2 n-6, and 18:1 n-9, and less of the long-chain omega-3 fatty acids. The heritability of liver fat was estimated at 0.38, and the genetic coefficient of variation was 20%, indicating substantial potential for selective breeding to reduce liver fat deposition in Atlantic salmon. Liver fat deposition appears to be a polygenic trait, with no large QTLs detected by GWAS. Gene expression analysis linked liver fat content to numerous genes involved in lipid metabolic processes, including key transcription factors such as LXR, SREBP1, and ChREBP.

Discussion

The results indicated a connection between liver fat and increased cholesterol synthesis in Atlantic salmon, with potentially harmful free cholesterol accumulation. Further, the gene expression results linked liver fat accumulation to reduced peroxisomal β-oxidation, increased conversion of carbohydrates to lipids, altered phospholipid synthesis, and possibly increased de novo lipogenesis. It is undetermined whether these outcomes are due to high fat levels or if they are caused by underlying metabolic differences that result in higher liver fat levels in certain individuals. Nonetheless, the results provide new insights into the metabolic profile of livers in fish with inherent differences in liver fat content.
Proteomic analysis reveals candidate molecules to mediate cortical pathology and identify possible biomarkers in an animal model of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Silva Berenice Anabel , Leal María Celeste , Farias María Isabel , Nava Agustín , Galván Daniela Inés , Fernandez Elmer , Pitossi Fernando Juan , Ferrari Carina Cintia
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a complex neurodegenerative disease marked by recurring inflammatory episodes, demyelination, axonal damage, and subsequent loss of function. MS presents a wide range of clinical courses, with the progressive forms leading to irreversible neurological disability. Cortical demyelinating lesions are central to the pathology of these progressive forms, gaining critical importance in recent decades due to their strong correlation with physical disability and cognitive decline. Despite this, the underlying mechanisms driving cortical lesion formation remain poorly understood, and no specific treatments are currently available. A significant challenge lies in the lack of animal models that accurately mirror the key characteristics of these lesions.

Methods

We developed a focal cortical animal model that replicates many features of cortical lesions, including cognitive impairment. This study focuses on conducting proteomic analyses of both the cortical lesions and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from these animals, aiming to identify key proteins and biomarkers that could be validated in MS patients.

Results

Proteomic differences between frontal cortex tissue and CSF were observed when comparing experimental animals with controls. Among the identified proteins, some have been previously described in MS patients and animal models, while others represent novel discoveries. Notably, we identified two proteins, S100A8 and orosomucoid-1, that were highly expressed in both regions.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that the prognostic molecules identified in this model could facilitate the discovery of new biomarkers or key molecules relevant to MS, particularly in the cortical lesion that mainly characterized the progressive forms of the disease.
Elevated levels of IRF1 and CASP1 as pyroptosis-related biomarkers for intestinal epithelial cells in Crohn’s disease
Authors: Xu Xiaofang , Lv Xiaodan , Zeng Ruizhi , Huang Zhixi , Huang Ziqian , Han Bing , Lin Guangfu , Lin Jianing , Li Shiquan , Fan Junhua , Lv Xiaoping
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Crohn’s disease (CD) is a complex inflammatory condition with the potential for severe complications. Pyroptosis is an inflammatory form of programmed cell death, and the role of pyroptosis in intestinal epithelial cells of CD remains unclear.

Methods

In this study, pyroptosis-related hub genes were identified using datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus database through differential expression analysis, machine learning algorithms, and single-cell sequencing analysis. Hub gene expression was validated using clinical samples and a trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis rat model.

Results

Six pyroptosis-related hub genes (CASP1, IRF1, ZBP1, MLKL, MMP1, HTRA1) were identified. IRF1 and CASP1 exhibited significant upregulation in CD, including both colonic and ileal subtypes, with good diagnostic value across different CD subtypes. Additionally, these two genes were not elevated in any other intestinal disorders, except for ulcerative colitis. Single-cell sequencing analysis revealed a significant interaction between intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and monocytes. The clinical samples further confirmed that the mRNA levels of IRF1 and CASP1 were significantly higher in CD patients compared to healthy controls. Additionally, the colitis rat model validated the upregulation of Irf1 and Casp1 at both mRNA and protein levels.

Conclusion

Our findings identified IRF1 and CASP1 as critical pyroptosis-related biomarkers for IECs in CD, contributing to the understanding of pyroptosis in CD pathogenesis.
A prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time indicates poor short-term prognosis in patients with hepatic encephalopathy: insights from the MIMIC database
Authors: Zhan Liping , Yang Yuping , Nie Biao , Kou Yanqi , Du Shenshen , Tian Yuan , Huang Yujie , Ye Ruyin , Huang Zhe , Luo Botao , Ge Lei , Ye Shicai
Published: February 2025

Objectives

This study investigates serum markers for short-term prognosis in hepatic encephalopathy patients.

Background

Patients with hepatic encephalopathy face elevated mortality rates and bleak prognoses. However, effective prognostic models or indicators are lacking. This study aims to explore serum markers for predicting short-term prognosis in these patients.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of 552 patients with hepatic encephalopathy, categorizing 429 individuals meeting exclusion criteria into normal and high activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) groups. We assessed 12-day and 25-day survival rates using Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox regression models to examine associations between groups and outcomes.

Results

Upon comparing baseline characteristics, the high APTT group exhibited significant disparities in acute kidney injury, sepsis, coagulation disorders, and ascites (p < 0.05). In the multivariate COX regression model, the hazard ratios [HRs; 95% confidence interval (CI)] of 12- and 25-day mortality were 1.012 (1.001, 1.022, p = 0.033) and 1.010 (1.002, 1.018, p = 0.013), respectively. We discovered that APTT demonstrated an independent association with prognosis. Our findings revealed that the ability of APTT to predict short-term prognosis surpasses that of the traditional MELD model. Regarding 12- and 25-day survival, Kaplan–Meier survival curves from these groups demonstrated a lower survival probability for patients in the high APTT group than the normal group (log-rank p < 0.05). The results of subgroup analysis and interaction analysis indicate that APTT is not influenced by other confounding factors.

Conclusion

A prolonged APTT suggests a poorer short-term prognosis in patients with hepatic encephalopathy.
Urine complement analysis implies complement activation is involved in membranous nephropathy
Authors: Xu Yingxue , Li Yi , Zhang Yong , Li Guisen
Published: February 2025

Background

The onset and progression of membranous nephropathy (MN) have been associated with complement activation, yet the overall characteristics of this activation in the kidneys remain unclear. In our study, we utilized urine proteomic data to investigate the features of complement activation. We examined the relationship between urine complement components and both clinicopathological features and clinical outcomes in patients with MN.

Methods

Differential expression proteins (DEPs) analysis was performed using proteomic data from urine samples collected from 50 patients with MN, 50 patients with IgA nephropathies (IgAN), and 72 healthy controls (HC). Then, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses were carried out on the DEPs identified in MN. We further investigated the differentially expressed urinary complement proteins in MN patients, exploring their relationships with clinicopathological features and clinical remission. Next, 11 representative complements were selected for validation. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence techniques were employed to compare the expression of CD59 and C5b-9 in renal tissues from MN patients, with analyses conducted on both the clinical remission group and the no remission group (n = 6 in each group).

Results

Total 1,427 differentially expressed proteins were identified between the MN and HC groups. KEGG pathway analysis showed significant enrichment of these DEPs in the complement-activated pathway within the MN group. Additionally, a correlation was found between proteinuria and the levels of 27 urinary complement proteins. Notably, Collectin12 (collec12) and C1s were positively correlated with tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis (TIF) and monocyte infiltration. Furthermore, urine CD59 emerged as a predictor of clinical remission. Lower deposition of C5b-9 in renal tissue and higher expression of CD59 were detected in clinical remission group than non-remission group.

Conclusion

In patients with MN, abnormal levels of complement components in urine are commonly observed. Currently, the use of complement inhibitors has brought new hope for the treatment of MN. The factor B inhibitor LNP023 and the factor D inhibitor BCX9930 are undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of MN. Our study indicates that complement abnormalities could serve as clinical biomarkers for tracking the progression of MN, predicting clinical remission, and guiding targeted complement therapy for those affected.
Association between cigarette smoking and the risk of major psychiatric disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis in depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder
Authors: Hu Zhonghou , Cui Enxiu , Chen Bo , Zhang Mi
Published: February 2025

Background

The prevalence of cigarette smoking among patients with major psychiatric conditions is significantly higher than that in the general population. However, whether there is a causal association between cigarette smoking and major psychiatric disorders remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies to elucidate the association between cigarette smoking and the risk of major psychiatric disorders, including depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder.

Methods

We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for potentially eligible studies from their inception until March 2, 2024. All pooled analyses were performed using a random-effects model, and exploratory sensitivity and subgroup analyses were conducted.

Results

Twenty-five cohort studies involving 2,917,030 individuals were included in the meta-analysis. The summary results indicated that both current smoking (relative risk [RR], 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18–1.43; P < 0.001) and former smoking (RR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.09–1.23; P < 0.001) were associated with an elevated risk of major depression. Additionally, current smoking was significantly associated with an elevated risk of schizophrenia (RR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.07–3.19; P = 0.028) and bipolar disorder (RR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.22–1.95; P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Current smoking is significantly associated with an elevated risk of major psychiatric disorders, including major depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. Former smokers also have an elevated risk of major depression. However, it should be noted that, despite these significant associations, due to the nature of the cohort studies included, this study cannot establish a causal relationship between cigarette smoking and major psychiatric disorders.

Systematic review registration

https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2024-3-0093/, identifier INPLASY202430093.
Genomic characterization of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella enterica in chicken meat from wet markets in Metro Manila, Philippines
Authors: Nagpala Michael Joseph M. , Mora Jonah Feliza B. , Pavon Rance Derrick N. , Rivera Windell L.
Published: February 2025

The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella is recognized as a significant public health problem worldwide. This study investigated the occurrence of MDR Salmonella serovars in chicken meat from wet markets in Metro Manila, Philippines from February to July 2022. Using whole genome sequencing (WGS) and phenotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) testing, the serovar, drug resistance, and virulence profiles of Salmonella isolates were characterized. Out of 253 chicken cut samples, 95 S. enterica isolates representing 15 distinct serovars were recovered. The most common was S. enterica serovar Infantis (51.58%), followed by S. Brancaster (9.47%), S. Anatum (7.37%), S. London (7.37%), S. Uganda (6.32%), and S. Derby (4.21%). Phenotypic AMR testing revealed that 73.68% of the isolates were resistant to at least one drug class, and 45.26% were MDR. A wide array of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) associated with resistance to 12 different drug classes was identified, including three β-lactamase gene variants: blaCTX-M-65, blaTEM-1, and blaTEM-176. Some of these ARGs were located on MDR plasmids, such as those on IncFIB(K)_1_Kpn3, IncFIA(HI1)_1_HI1, and IncX1_1. A total of 131 virulence genes were detected, some of which conferred pESI-like characteristics to S. Infantis. These findings highlight a potential public health risk posed by pathogenic MDR Salmonella in chicken meat and underscore the urgent need for further research and coordinated AMR surveillance in the Philippines, aiming to stimulate national efforts to combat AMR.