bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pré-eclâmpsia em período puerperal
Authors: Brito Neto Raimundo Marcial de , Ramos Alex Pereira , Zamais Laíse Neves , Carvalho Taynara Antunes de , Souza Maria Cristina Almeida de , Côrtes Júnior João Carlos de Souza
Published: May 2020

A pré-eclâmpsia, uma complicação frequente da gravidez, é uma das principais causas maternas de morbidade e da mortalidade perinatal. Um grande avanço na classificação da pré-eclâmpsia foi a sua subdivisão em variantes precoces (<34 semanas de gestação) e tardias. Apesar de apresentarem maior prevalência no período gestacional, o aparecimento dessas intercorrências em período pós-parto e puerperal não deve ser negligenciado tendo em vista a sua importância clínica. Este artigo é um relato de caso de pré-eclâmpsia tardia em uma paciente de 37 anos, puérpera, que deu entrada no serviço de emergência hospitalar com quadro de edema agudo de pulmão, dispneia, estado torporoso e cianose periférica. O diagnóstico foi possível através de aferição de pressão arterial sistêmica e dosagem de proteinúria de 24h, tendo sido descartadas outras complicações possíveis após outros exames laboratoriais. O quadro foi estabilizado com uso de nitroprussiato de sódio e uso de pressão positiva contínua nas vias aéreas (do inglês: continuous positive airway pressure–CPAP) para correção de cianose. Logo depois do diagnóstico de pré-eclâmpsia, foi adicionado à prescrição o sulfato de magnésio para profilaxia de eclâmpsia. Após sete dias de internação sem demais intercorrências, a paciente recebeu alta.
Relato de experiência de grupo de pesquisa em epidemiologia e cardiologia
Authors: Bezerra Lucas Soares , Santos-Veloso Marcelo Antônio Oliveira , Chaves-Markman Ândrea Virgínia , Lordsleem Andrea Bezerra de Melo da Silveira , Lima Sandro Gonçalves de
Published: May 2020

A formação de grupos acadêmicos durante o curso de medicina é importante para a construção e compartilhamento de conhecimentos e habilidades fundamentais para a prática médica. O presente trabalho relata a experiência de um ano de atividades (2017-2018) de um grupo de pesquisa em epidemiologia e cardiologia. Apresentamos os principais pontos de motivação, objetivos e funcionamento do grupo, no intuito de fornecer um modelo estrutural que possa servir de inspiração e debate para a formação de outros grupos de pesquisa constituídos por estudantes de medicina ao redor do país. Ao longo de um ano foram apresentados em eventos científicos os resultados das pesquisas do grupo, além da publicação de artigos em periódicos científicos na área da saúde, totalizando 12 trabalhos acadêmicos. Como meio de fornecer uma ferramenta de avaliação quantitativa de análise das atividades do grupo, foram apresentados os resultados da autoavaliação desenvolvida pelos membros acadêmicos após um ano de atividades. Considerando o elevado número de publicações biomédicas e o aumento na exigência de conhecimentos em pesquisa e medicina baseada em evidências nos últimos anos, a formação de grupos de pesquisa apresenta-se como uma alternativa para complementação de conhecimentos teóricos e práticos para a formação médica, permitindo aos futuros profissionais uma visão crítica da produção do conhecimento científico, uma prática médica baseada em evidências, um melhor enfretamento das exigências de mercado e dos interesses econômicos na área de saúde.
Circuitos da economia urbana: ensaios sobre Buenos Aires e São Paulo, teoria revisitada por Maria Laura Silveira
Authors: Oliveira Juliana Santos de
Published: May 2020

Esta resenha da obra “Circuitos de la economia urbana: ensayos sobre Buneos Aires e São Paulo” tem como objetivo apresentar as principais contribuições da cooperação entre pesquisadores argentinos e brasileiros unidos por um sentido comum: a produção de análises renovadas sobre as dinâmicas metropolitanas atuais à luz da teoria dos dois circuitos da economia urbana. Os onze textos que compõem o livro perpassam as novas relações entre os circuitos superior e inferior, assim como a expansão de sua porção marginal, explicitando as complexidades de um mercado metropolitano ao mesmo tempo unificado e segmentado, composto por relações de complementaridade e subordinação. O grande êxito da abordagem proposta por Silveira na organização desta obra reside na compreensão de que o valor dos circuitos da economia urbana e os limites entre eles são relacionais, ou seja, se redefinem continuamente em razão das modernizações que fazem elevar os graus de tecnologia, organização e capital, alterando a dialética dos circuitos e produzindo novos arranjos produtivos na metrópole.
Ellsworth Huntington: considerações sobre a correspondência referente ao mapa de “distribuição da civilização” da obra Civilization and climate
Authors: Coscioni Fernando José
Published: May 2020

Os esforços intelectuais de Ellsworth Huntington (1876-1947), autor que sofreu significativa influência do Darwinismo Social, cumpriram um papel decisivo para fortalecer a Geografia Humana estadunidense no início do século XX. O artigo busca contribuir para a clarificação de um importante episódio ocorrido durante o período de expansão da Geografia universitária nos EUA que foi a elaboração, por esse geógrafo, de um mapa de “distribuição da civilização” que buscava hierarquizar as regiões do mundo em uma escala de 0 a 10. O mapa foi publicado em um dos capítulos da obra “Civilization and Climate”, que teve a sua primeira edição em 1915 e uma terceira edição estendida em 1924. Essa obra é uma das primeiras tentativas mais sistemáticas de discussão de uma epistemologia geográfica específica e de elaboração de uma teoria geográfica da história que foram produzidas nos EUA, fato que confere a ela importância bastante singular na história da Geografia. 
Palavras-chave: História da Geografia, Darwinismo Social, Geografia Humana nos EUA, Ellsworth Huntington.
Uma geografia do esporte: as experiências dos clubes de iatismo da Zona da Leopoldina (Rio de Janeiro, 1941-1954)
Authors: Melo Victor Andrade
Published: May 2020

Dado o perfil do iatismo, um esporte usualmente praticado por grupos de classe alta ou média alta, pode parecer esdrúxulo ainda haver dois clubes dedicados à modalidade sediados numa região atualmente marcada por ser local de moradia de camadas populares: o bairro de Ramos, Rio de Janeiro. Considerando tais agremiações como indícios de um momento importante da história da cidade no que tange à ocupação dos subúrbios, bem como à ampliação das iniciativas esportivas, este estudo objetiva discutir as experiências do Iate Clube de Ramos e do Carioca Iate Clube em seus anos iniciais de atividade. Como o intuito é entender a repercussão pública de suas ações, especialmente no tocante à questão territorial, como fontes foram utilizados periódicos. O uso do Diário Oficial ajudou a identificar os relacionamentos com órgãos do governo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa desenvolvida na fronteira entre a Geografia do Esporte e a História do Esporte.
A paisagem como rosto: uma confluência entre Geografia de Dardel e a Filosofia de Lévinas
Authors: Nascimento Francyjonison Custodio do
Published: May 2020

Buscar postulados filosóficos para a Geografia tem sido, nas últimas décadas, uma postura comum. Essa postura enrique o debate epistemológico e possibilita o insurgir de novas possibilidades metodológicas. Este artigo estabelece conexões entre a Filosofia de Emmanuel Lévinas e a Geografia de Eric Dardel, a fim de compreender, de maneira mais profunda, o conceito de paisagem. A confluência do pensamento dos dois autores, a partir da noção de rosto, promove um entendimento que vai de encontro ao paradigma filosófico ocidental que valoriza a primazia do sujeito e do seu dizer sobre o outro. Sob a confluência da Dardel e Lévinas, a paisagem não pode ser assenhorada pelo eu-geógrafo, mas é compreendida pela alteridade, pela cumplicidade. A paisagem, assim, é capaz de falar por si ao ser significante de si mesma.
Revista Geousp: espaço e tempo
Authors: Contel Fabio Betioli
Published: May 2020

Editorial para a Revista Geousp espaço e tempo Vol. 24 N.1 2020
Evaluation of Biventricular Functions in Transplanted Hearts Using 3‐Dimensional Speckle‐Tracking Echocardiography
Authors: Lv Qing , Sun Wei , Wang Jing , Wu Chun , Li He , Shen Xuehua , Liang Bo , Dong Nianguo , Li Yuman , Zhang Li , Xie Mingxing
Published: May 2020

Background

The current study aims to validate the accuracy of 3‐dimensional speckle‐tracking echocardiography (3D‐
STE
) in evaluating biventricular functions against the accuracy of cardiac magnetic resonance (
CMR
) and to explore the comprehensive characteristics and normal values for 3D‐biventricular functions in transplanted hearts.

Methods and Results

A cohort of 35 heart transplant (
HT
) patients underwent both 3D echocardiography and
CMR
examination to validate the accuracy of 3D‐
STE
in evaluating biventricular functions (Protocol 1). Then, 3D‐
STE
derived biventricular functions were compared between 46
HT
patients and 46 non‐
HT
controls (Protocol 2). Protocol 1, validated that 3D‐
STE
showed excellent accuracy in evaluating biventricular functions of transplanted hearts against
CMR
. Protocol 2, revealed lower (normal range) 3D‐biventricular ejection fractions in
HT
patients than in controls (
P
<0.001). 3D‐left ventricular global longitudinal strain, left ventricular‐global circumferential strain, left ventricular‐global radial strain, left ventricular‐global performance index and right ventricular free‐wall longitudinal strain were all lower in the
HT
patients than in healthy controls (
P
<0.001). Further, these strain values were all good for differentiating between groups (areas under the curve: 0.80–0.94,
P
<0.001). Moreover, left ventricular‐lateral‐wall radial displacement was higher and septal‐wall radial displacement was lower in the
HT
group than in control group (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

Compared with cardiac magnetic resonance, 3D‐
STE
can evaluate biventricular functions of transplanted hearts accurately; 3D‐biventricular mechanical functions are reduced even in clinically well
HT
patients. The provided characteristics and appropriate normal values of biventricular functions can be the basis for detection of ventricular dysfunction during follow‐ups and further studies on transplanted hearts.
The Impact of Open Access Mandates on Invention
Authors: Bryan Kevin A. , Ozcan Yasin
Published: May 2020

How do barriers to the diffusion of academic research affect innovation? In 2008, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) mandated free online availability of funded research. This policy caused a 50 percentage point increase in free access to funded articles. We introduce a novel measure, in-text patent citations, to study how this mandate affected industry use of academic science. After 2008, patents cite NIH-funded research 12% to 27% more often. Nonfunded research, funded research in journals unaffected by the mandate, and academic citations see no change. These estimates are consistent with a model of search for useful knowledge. Inefficiency caused by academic publishing may be substantial.
Estimating the Production Function Under Input Market Frictions
Authors: Shenoy Ajay
Published: May 2020

Behind many production function estimators lies a crucial assumption that the firm's choice of intermediate inputs depends only on observed choices of other inputs and on unobserved productivity. This assumption fails when market frictions distort the firm's input choices. I derive a test for the assumption, which is rejected in several industries. Using weak identification asymptotics, I show that when the assumption fails, a simplified dynamic panel estimator can be used instead of choice-based methods because it requires choices to be distorted. I propose criteria for choosing between estimators, which in simulations yield lower error than either estimator alone.
The Dynamic Impact of FX Interventions on Financial Markets
Authors: Menkhoff Lukas , Rieth Malte , Stöhr Tobias
Published: May 2020

Evidence on the effectiveness of foreign exchange (FX) interventions is either limited to short horizons or hampered by debatable identification. We address these limitations by identifying a structural vector autoregressive model for the daily frequency with an external instrument. Generally we find, for freely floating currencies, that FX intervention shocks significantly affect exchange rates and that this impact persists for months. The signaling channel dominates the portfolio channel. Moreover, interest rates tend to fall in response to sales of the domestic currency, whereas stock prices of large (exporting) firms increase after devaluation of the domestic currency.
The Value of Reputation in Trade: Evidence from Alibaba
Authors: Chen Maggie X. , Wu Min
Published: May 2020

We examine the role of an online reputation mechanism in international trade by exploring T-shirt exports on Alibaba. Exploiting rich transaction data and features of search and rating algorithms, we show that exporters displaying a superior reputation perform significantly better than peers with nearly identical true ratings and observables, and the value of reputation rises with the level of information friction and the specificity of information. We develop a dynamic reputation model with heterogeneous cross-country information friction to quantify the effect of the reputation mechanism and find a 20% increase in aggregate exports fueled by a market reallocation towards superstars.
Imogontes, Ciriaco d’Ancona, and a Curious Collection of Words
Authors: Welsh Jarrett T.
Published: May 2020

An incomplete Latin glossary attributed to ‘Imogontes’ in the only known manuscript (Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Urb.lat. 452) is, in fact, a copy of a text that Ciriaco d’Ancona found at Monza on 27 November, 1442. From the transmission histories of the other texts found with ‘Imogontes’, I suggest that Ciriaco put two copies of the text into circulation; although those copies travelled widely and in the company of other texts that were frequently copied, they drew almost no interest whatsoever from later readers. Although ‘Imogontes’ turns out to be a ghost, the text itself gives yet more information about the interests and obsessions of Ciriaco.
Biogeographical and ecological insights from Australasian faunas: the megadiverse collembolan genus, Entomobrya (Entomobryidae)
Authors: JORDANA RAFAEL , GREENSLADE PENELOPE
Published: May 2020

Originally the genus Entomobrya (Collembola: Entomobryidae) comprised 25 species names in Australia including 7 subspecies of which 13 were exotic (50%) and the rest native. All native species had been either described by H. Schött or H. Womersley and had not been examined since 1942. Specific characters they used were few, mainly colour pattern and gross morphological features such as unguis, unguis teeth and mucronal form. Chaetotaxic characters have now been developed. We now here recognise 47 species of Australian Entomobrya and Hymalanura based on a large collection made over 50 years. Six species (12%) are now recognised as introduced, 37 are new and three unresolved because of lack of specimens in good condition. Detailed descriptions and figures are supplied. Several new species are short-range endemics of conservation significance, others are specialised as to habitat, but most are widespread. Entomobrya is now the most species rich genus of Australian Collembola. A phylogenetic tree based on morphological and biological characters revealed clusters of exotic and montane habitat specialists, indicating that the genus is paraphyletic and so confirms other authors’ work based on molecular characters. A key is supplied to Australian genera of Entomobryomorpha. A new genus record, Himalanura, is recognised extending its range to the Southern Hemisphere and 5,000 km further southeast.
On the diversity of Terebellides (Annelida, Trichobranchidae) in West Africa, seven new species and the redescription of T. africana Augener, 1918 stat. prom.
Authors: PARAPAR JULIO , MARTIN DANIEL , MOREIRA JUAN
Published: May 2020

The actual diversity of Terebellides (Annelida; Trichobranchidae) in the South East Atlantic Ocean remains largely unknown. Only two species have been reported to date, T. stroemii Sars, 1835 and T. jorgeni Hutchings, 2007. The revision of specimens collected during the Atlantide and Galathea oceanographic cruises in the Atlantic coast of Africa, along with new materials obtained during monitoring surveys off Gabon, Congo and Angola, has allowed us to describe seven new species: T. augeneri sp. nov., T. congolana sp. nov., T. fauveli sp. nov., T. kirkegaardi sp. nov., T. longiseta sp. nov., T. nkossa sp. nov. and T. ramili sp. nov. Moreover, the type material of Terebellides stroemii var. africana Augener, 1918 is redescribed and the variety raised to species. All taxa are morphologically characterised and compared with species described or reported in world seas, particularly from the Atlantic Ocean. The presence of T. stroemii in Africa and the validity of the thoracic uncini as taxonomic character is discussed and a key to all species of Terebellides described from the South Atlantic Ocean is provided.
The Roles of Disliking, Deservingness, and Envy in Predicting Schadenfreude
Authors: Greenier Keegan D.
Published: May 2020

Schadenfreude (pleasure about another’s misfortune) was studied using written scenarios that were manipulated to include elements that elicited disliking of the target, envy of the target, and/or deservingness of the misfortune. This was the first time all the three predictors were included in a single study, allowing for a test of their possible interactive effects. Study 1 created a large pool of scenarios based on a pilot study and had participants rate them regarding how much disliking, deservingness, or envy was felt. The eight scenarios that were most effective in eliciting the various combinations of predictors were then used in Study 2 to test for schadenfreude reactions. Results revealed strong main effects for disliking and deservingness. Interactions showed that disliking attenuated the effect of deservingness, especially for female participants. Finally, further evidence was found that malicious but not benign envy predicted schadenfreude.
Liminal technologies: Exploring the temporalities and struggles in efforts to develop a Belgrade metro
Authors: Suboticki Ivana , Sørensen Knut H.
Published: May 2020

The sociology of technology needs more nuanced conceptualizations of the temporal aspects of sociotechnical change. In this article, we propose liminality as a useful analytical entry-point to study technologies that seemingly remain in a ‘no man’s land’ – what we call liminal technologies. Drawing on anthropological accounts and technology studies literature, we propose a framework to be used as a sensitizing device that includes four ways of understanding liminal technologies: (1) technologies in shielded transition, (2) technologies under construction through negotiation, (3) technologies that are morphing between worlds, and (4) technologies remaining in an in-between space. We use the Belgrade metro effort – an infrastructure project that has been in development for almost a century – as an extreme case through which to explore the achievements of this framework. The analysis shows that the liminality of the metro was characterized by a combination of spiral, multi-linear and halted temporality. Despite severely dis-aligned expectations, liminality persisted due to a shared belief that a metro would benefit Belgrade. We conclude that using liminal technology as a sensitizing device may in particular be relevant to technologies with prolonged liminality because it highlights temporal patterns that may prevent technological development from being either completed or terminated.
The interaction of metallic ions onto activated carbon surface using computational chemistry software
Authors: Paredes-Doig AL , Pinedo-Flores A , Aylas-Orejón J , Obregón-Valencia D , Sun Kou MR
Published: May 2020

Activated carbon was prepared from the seeds of aguaje palm ( Mauritia flexuosa L.f.) by a chemical activation with phosphoric acid. This activated carbon was used for adsorbing metal ions: Pb(II), Cd(II), and Cr(III). To understand the mechanism of adsorption of these heavy metals (Cr, Cd, and Pb), the activated carbon surface was oxidized with nitric acid (1 M) increasing the oxygenated surface groups showing an increasing in their adsorption capacities of these metals. The oxidized activated carbon slightly increased the maximum adsorption capacity to 5–7%. The order of adsorption for unoxidized and oxidized activated carbons was Pb> Cd> Cr. This experimental information was corroborated by molecular modeling program Hyperchem 8 based adsorption mainly on two factors: the electron density and orbitals—highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital.Activated carbons were characterized by adsorption/desorption of N2, obtaining an increase of microporous surface area for oxidized activated carbon. An increase of surface acidity and a reduction of isoelectric points were observed in oxidized activated carbon. According to these results, the adsorption of metal ions is favored in contact with an oxidized activated carbon, which has more amount of phenolic and carboxylic functional groups. Similarly, decreasing the isoelectric point indicates that the surface has a higher negative charge. The surface information was corroborated by Hyperchem, which indicates that the surface of the oxidized activated carbon has a higher electron density, indicating a larger amount of electrons on its surface, which means the surface of oxidized activated carbon charges negatively and thereby attracts metal ions.
Adsorption performance of basic fuchsin on alkali-activated diatomite
Authors: Zhao Yong-Hua , Geng Jin-Tao , Cai Jie-Chuan , Cai Yu-Fu , Cao Chun-Yan
Published: May 2020

The natural diatomite was treated with NaOH to obtain alkali-activated diatomite. The materials were systematically characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic, scanning electron microscopy, and N2 adsorption–desorption. Meanwhile, the potential use of alkali-activated diatomite as adsorbent for the removal of basic fuchsin from aqueous solution was assessed by batch experiment. Results indicated that the structure and textural properties of diatomite were obviously changed via alkali activation, and then affecting its adsorption performance. The adsorption capacity of alkali-activated diatomite for basic fuchsin was higher than that of natural diatomite. In the case of alkali-activated diatomite, its adsorption capacity was increased with increasing the activation temperature, and the diatomite activated at 115°C (alkali-activated diatomite-115) exhibited the maximum adsorption capacity. The pseudo-first-order kinetics and the Sips isotherm model were preferable to describe the adsorption process of basic fuchsin on alkali-activated diatomite-115 and the thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous.
Theory building is neither an art nor a science. It is a craft
Authors: Rivard Suzanne
Published: May 2020

Researchers often hold a romantic view of theory, which they feel should be a complete, flawless, deep, and exhaustive explanation of a phenomenon. They also often hold a romantic view of theory building, which they envision either as emerging from trancelike writing or as the product of a straightforward deductive process. The perspective I offer is more realistic and pragmatic. I espouse the view that the outcomes of a researcher’s theorizing efforts are often incomplete explanations of a phenomenon, which, given a chance, may develop into rich theories. I propose a highly iterative spiral model that portrays theory building as a craft, which calls for care and ingenuity, and requires patience and perseverance. I also propose design principles that can contribute to the quality of the outcome of theorizing.
Building trust and facilitating goals of care conversations: A qualitative study in people with heart failure receiving home hospice care
Authors: Baik Dawon , Russell David , Jordan Lizeyka , Matlock Daniel D , Dooley Frances , Masterson Creber Ruth
Published: May 2020

Background:

Despite a majority of persons receiving hospice care in their homes, there are gaps in understanding how to facilitate goals of care conversations between persons with heart failure and healthcare providers.

Aim:

To identify barriers and facilitators which shape goals of care conversations for persons with heart failure in the context of home hospice.

Design:

A qualitative descriptive study design was used with semi-structured interviews.

Setting/participants:

We conducted qualitative interviews with persons with heart failure, family caregivers, and interprofessional healthcare team members at a large not-for-profit hospice agency in New York City between March 2018 and February 2019.

Results:

A total of 39 qualitative interviews were conducted, including with healthcare team members (e.g. nurses, physicians, social workers, spiritual counselors), persons with heart failure, and family caregivers. Three themes emerged from the qualitative interviews regarding facilitators and barriers in goals of care conversations for better decision-making: (1) trust is key to building and maintaining goals of care conversations; (2) lack of understanding and acceptance of hospice inhibits goals of care conversations; and (3) family support and engagement promote goals of care conversations.

Conclusion:

Findings from this study suggest that interventions designed to improve goals of care conversations in the home hospice setting should focus on promoting understanding and acceptance of hospice, family support and engagement, and building trusting relationships with interprofessional healthcare teams.
Effect of stainless-steel wire mesh embedded into fibre-reinforced polymer facings on flexural characteristics of sandwich structures
Authors: Uzay Çağrı , Geren Necdet
Published: May 2020

In this study, flexural characteristics of low-density polyvinylchloride foam core sandwich structures consist of carbon fibre/epoxy facings hybridised with very thin stainless-steel wire mesh sheets were investigated. A comprehensive work was conducted considering the following design parameters: core thicknesses, wire mesh sizes, stacking sequences of wire mesh sheets and support span lengths for flexural tests. During the evaluation of flexural characteristics, experimental ASTM standards (C393, D3039, D7249 and D7250) were utilised. In addition, experimental flexural stiffness values were compared to analytically obtained results. By hybridisation of carbon fibre/epoxy facings with wire mesh sheets, significant improvements in flexural characteristics of sandwich structures were obtained. Besides improving bending behaviour and the larger amount of load-carrying capacity even at the same deflection values, the sandwiches with wire mesh sheets also prevented catastrophic sudden failure, which is the common case for carbon/epoxy/polymer foam core sandwiches. Response surface methodology was applied to evaluate the effects of the design variables on the load capacity of the sandwiches, and optimal solutions were revealed. The developed sandwiches can be good candidates in applications where both high stiffness-to-weight ratio and resistance to sudden failure are desired.
Economic Abuse: A Subtle but Common Form of Power and Control
Authors: Christy Kameri , Welter Tanice , Dundon Kelly , Valandra  , Bruce Ambra
Published: May 2020

Awareness of and responses to intimate partner violence against women (IPV-W) have been increasing steadily since the early 1970s. However, one of the most frequently used and effective strategies by abusive partners, economic abuse (EA), has received much less attention than physical or sexual abuse. In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with IPV-W service users ( n = 15) and providers ( n = 24) in England to expand the knowledge-base and provide support regarding the reality and impact of EA, the economic barriers and supports experienced when trying to obtain help, and recommendations for remediating EA. Grounded theory procedures of open, axial, and selective coding techniques were utilized for data analysis. Five themes, (a) definitions and prevalence of EA, (b) service users experiences of EA, ( c) continued impact of EA, ( d) barriers to obtaining help, and (e) goals regarding finances, emerged with both groups. The theme professional responses to EA also surfaced for service providers, and service users discussed the additional theme of service users’ support when experiencing EA. The study participants’ recommendations include (a) identifying EA as a distinct type of IPV-W, (b) updating legal guideline to allow offenders of EA to be prosecuted, (c) encouraging banks to do more to assist victims of EA, and (d) updating police training and frontline workers to include EA. The narratives of the study participants underscore the import of collaboration with and involvement of IPV-W service user and provider stakeholders when developing and implementing policies, programs, and practices to prevent further EA and meet the distinctive needs of women who experience EA as a part of IPV-W.
Empowering Chinese College Students to Prevent Sexual Assault in Post-MeToo Era: An Empirical Study of the Bystander Intervention Approach
Authors: Chen Hongliang , Huang Qing , Jiang Minyou
Published: May 2020

MeToo movement unveiled the high prevalence of sexual assault in Chinese colleges. To create a safer environment, many Chinese universities require students to engage in bystander intervention sessions, which encourages students to assess, identify, and interrupt the harmful situation. Drawing upon health belief model and theory of planned behavior, this study tests the effects of bystander intervention programs, exposure to news reports on MeToo movement, and institutional responses to sexual violence events on bystander intervention intention and behaviors. The results of an online survey ( N = 814) indicated that bystander intervention programs were effective in changing attendees’ perceived benefits, subjective norms, and bystander self-efficacy, which, in turn, led to increased bystander intervention intention and actual behaviors. Moreover, exposure to MeToo movement reports and institutional responses to sexual assault events were significant predictors of bystander intervention intention and behaviors via the mediation of perceived benefits, perceived costs, and subjective norms. The results provide valuable implications for developing effective bystander intervention programs in Chinese college communities.
The Void Communities: Towards a New Approach to the Early Post-war in Poland and Ukraine
Authors: Wylegała Anna
Published: May 2020

The present article offers a new framework for understanding the early East European post-war that introduces and conceptualizes the idea of “Void Communities.” The core of the argument is that the disappearance of various groups of Others—ethnic, religious, and class—was one of the most important consequences of the Second World War for Central and Eastern Europe, and particularly for Poland and Ukraine. The Void left by those who had disappeared could be described on several levels, such as physical absence, social and economical dysfunctionality, transformation of the social structure and stratification, property transfer, decline of moral values and norms, and changes in local culture and traditions. Based on an extensive oral history research (of more than 150 interviews) and in-depth reading of ego documents, the article prioritizes the first-hand perspective of witnesses and centres on those who remained in the post-war Void Communities after their neighbours had been murdered, deported, resettled, or encouraged to leave semi-voluntarily. While the paper primarily focuses on the historical region of Galicia, now divided between Poland and Ukraine, the source material used to analyze the framework for Void Communities includes documents associated with the entire pre-war Polish Second Republic.
Organism and environment in Auguste Comte
Authors: McVeigh Ryan
Published: May 2020

This article focuses on Auguste Comte’s understanding of the organism–environment relationship. It makes three key claims therein: (a) Comte’s metaphysical position privileged materiality and relativized the intellect along two dimensions: one related to the biological organism, one related to the social environment; (b) this twofold materiality confounds attempts to reduce cognition to either nature or nurture, so Comte’s position has interesting parallels to the field of ‘epigenetics’, which sees the social environment as a causative factor in biology; and (c) although Comte ultimately diverged from the ‘postgenomic’ view in crucial ways, he remains a forerunner of the trend towards viewing the social and biological as entangled. Tending to these dimensions challenges the view that Comte is notable from a classical standpoint but ignorable from a contemporary one. It consequently invites renewed attention to his theoretical system.
France as author of world cinema: International co-production and the Fonds Sud, 1984–2012
Authors: Pomp Joseph
Published: May 2020

While the profound effect that metropolitan France has had on the contours of the global literary marketplace (or ‘littérature-monde’) has figured prominently in much recent scholarship, the similarly central role that Paris plays in the nebulous domain of world cinema remains ripe for scrutiny. The status of the Cannes Festival is well known as perhaps the single most powerful gatekeeper to a filmmaker’s international circulation, but the broader relationship between France’s administration of film culture and the international art-house circuit is not widely understood. This paper engages with competing definitions of ‘world cinema’ on both sides of the Atlantic and lays the groundwork for a historical inquiry into the Aide aux cinémas du monde, a production grant that the Centre national du cinéma established in 2012 to replace its long-running Fonds Sud, a fund for film projects originating in the southern hemisphere and beyond.
The Morphological Analysis of Cells in the Bronchoscopic Brushing and TBNA of Patients with Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Xiao Ming-Ming , Zhao Ya-Bin , liu Dong-Ge , Qiu Xue-Shan , Wang En-Hua , Wu Guang-Ping
Published: May 2020

Biopsy, brushing, and transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) are the most common methods for diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma and are taken during the same diagnostic bronchoscopic procedure. However, it is not clear what the morphological diagnostic criteria of cytology by brushing or TBNA are. A retrospective analysis was performed on 136 patients who underwent video bronchoscopy examination for diagnostic purposes. All the subjects were performed brushing or TBNA and confirmed as lung adenocarcinoma by biopsy or postoperative pathology. An additional 140 randomly selected patients with benign lung diseases were included in the study and used as a control group. The benign cells usually confused with adenocarcinoma cells were ciliated columnar cells, mucous columnar cells, ciliated cuboid cells, and reactive ciliated cells, respectively. The number of cases diagnosed as adenocarcinoma cells, carcinoma cells, suspicious cancer cells, and atypical proliferative cells by cytology was 101, 11, 20, and 4, respectively. The main basis for the interpretation of adenocarcinoma cells is the enlargement of individual nucleus, the arrangements of multistage papillary, and the general enlargement of nuclei, while the main clue for the interpretation of suspicious cancer cells and dysplasia cells comes from escape cells. The results suggested that the degree of nuclear enlargement, multiple papillary arrangement, and escape cells or escape trend cells are important clues for the interpretation of lung adenocarcinoma cells, while the atypical proliferative cells were similar to escape cells or escape trend cells, which were essentially benign cells beside the cancer.
Interest Rate Deregulation, Financial Development and Economic Growth: Evidence from Bangladesh
Authors: Hossin Md Shakhaowat
Published: May 2020

This article analyses the relationship among interest rate reforms, financial development and economic growth by using annual dataset for the period covering 1980–2014 for Bangladesh. The effect of interest rate reforms on financial development is examined using a financial deepening model, and the causal relationship between financial development and economic growth is examined, by including deposit interest rate as a third variable, thereby forming a simple trivariate causality model. The empirical results of cointegration and error correction models show that there is a positive effect of deposit rate of interest rate on financial depth in Bangladesh. Besides, multivariate Granger causality tests reveal that there is only one-way causality between financial depth and economic growth—the flow running from financial depth to economic growth. In addition, the study finds there is bidirectional causality between deposit rate of interest rate and economic growth, which is also confirmed by the pairwise Granger causality test. The inference of this study is that a deregulated deposit rate of interest will raise financial depth and eventually enhance the economic growth of Bangladesh. Therefore, the financial reforms should be directed towards accomplishing a more deregulated deposit rate of interest for progressive growth in the economy of Bangladesh.
Supporting Pediatric Patients and Their Families at the End of Life: Perspectives From Bereaved Parents
Authors: Sedig Laura K. , Spruit Jessica L. , Paul Trisha K. , Cousino Melissa K. , McCaffery Harlan , Pituch Kenneth , Hutchinson Raymond
Published: May 2020

Background:

Cancer remains the leading cause of death by disease for children in the United States. It is imperative to optimize measures to support patients and families facing the end of a child’s life. This study asked bereaved parents to reflect on their child’s end-of-life care to identify which components of decision-making, supportive services, and communication were helpful, not helpful, or lacking.

Methods:

An anonymous survey about end-of-life experiences was sent to families of children treated at a single institution who died of a malignancy between 2010 and 2017.

Results:

Twenty-eight surveys were returned for a 30.8% response rate. Most of the bereaved parents (61%) reported a desire for shared decision-making; this was described by 52% of families at the end of their child’s life. There was a statistically significant association between how well death went and whether the parental perception of actual decision-making aligned with desired decision-making ( P = .002). Families did not utilize many of the supportive services that are available including psychology and psychiatry (only 22% used). Respondents felt that additional services would have been helpful.

Conclusions:

Health care providers should strive to participate in decision-making models that align with the preferences of the patient and family and provide excellent communication. Additional resources to support families following the death of a child should be identified for families or developed and funded if a gap in available services is identified.
Cost-Effectiveness of Primary HPV Screening Strategies and Triage With Cytology or Dual Stain for Cervical Cancer
Authors: Tantitamit Tanitra , Khemapech Nipon , Havanond Piyalamporn , Termrungruanglert Wichai
Published: May 2020

To identify the optimal cost-effective strategy for cervical cancer screening program in Thailand by comparing the different algorithms which based on the use of primary human papilloma virus (HPV) assay. We use a Microsoft Excel–based spreadsheet to calculate the accumulated cases of preinvasive and invasive cervical cancer and the budget impact of each screening program. The model was developed to determine the cost-effectiveness of 3 screening strategies: pooled HPV test with reflex liquid-based cytology triage, HPV genotyping with reflex p16/ki67 dual stain cytology, and pooled HPV test with dual stain. The main outcomes were the total cost, incremental quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs). Strategy entailing primary HPV genotyping and reflex dual stain cytology is the least costly strategy (total cost US$37 893 407) and provides the similar QALY gained compared to pooled high-risk HPV testing with reflex dual stain (Average QALY 24.03). Pooled HPV test with reflex dual staining is more costly compared to strategy without reflex dual staining. The ICER was US$353.40 per QALY gained. One-way sensitivity analysis showed that the model is sensitive to the cost of dual stain and the cost of cancer treatment. Decreasing the incidence of cervical cancer case and increasing the QALYs can be successful by using dual stain cytology as the triage test for pooled HPV test or HPV genotyping. The result of our analysis favors the use of HPV genotyping with the reflex dual stain as it offers the most QALY at the lowest cost.
Direct inverse control for active vibration suppression using artificial neural networks
Authors: Ariza-Zambrano William Camilo , Serpa Alberto Luiz
Published: May 2020

In this article, a control method based on artificial neural networks applied to the vibration control of flexible structures is presented. The direct inverse control method is used. This method consists in the identification of the inverse dynamics of the plant using an artificial neural network to be used as the controller. An application example is proposed, and two problem variations are treated. The application problem is based on a cantilever plate model. The plate model is obtained using the finite element method. For the first problem, the controller is designed using the full-order plant model. In the second example, a model reduction is made to evaluate the performance of this technique applied to control problems with dynamic uncertainties. The results were evaluated according to the time response and frequency response of the closed-loop system. To compare the results obtained using the control method based on artificial neural networks, the previous examples were also solved using the [Formula: see text] control method. The obtained results show that the control method based on the inverse model using neural networks is effective in solving this kind of problem.
Outer retinal tubulations in central serous chorioretinopathy associated with choroidal neovascularisation
Authors: Mandadi Spoorti Krishna Reddy , Iovino Claudio , Sacconi Riccardo , Querques Giuseppe , Peiretti Enrico , Singh Sumit Randhir , Chhablani Jay
Published: May 2020

Aim

To report the prevalence and characteristics of outer retinal tubulations in eyes with choroidal neovascularisation associated with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy.

Methods

Retrospective case series which included evaluation of optical coherence tomography B-scans and enface optical coherence tomography scans of eyes with choroidal neovascularisation associated with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. The characteristics of outer retinal tubulations such as number, shape and distribution were noted. The location of the outer retinal tubulations was correlated with autofluorescence.

Results

Outer retinal tubulations were detected in 9.1% of the eyes (9 out of 87 eyes). The average number of outer retinal tubulations in each eye was 4.7 ± 4.6. Spheroidal outer retinal tubulations were more common than the branching tubules. Although presence of outer retinal tubulations was mostly associated with inactive disease, two eyes had coexistent subretinal fluid.

Conclusion

Outer retinal tubulations associated with choroidal neovascularisation in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy, though less frequent, when present are more numerous, mostly extrafoveal and more spheroidal in shape compared to outer retinal tubulations associated with age-related macular degeneration and other degenerative conditions.
Experimental study of the POP technique: focus on the physical basis of the process
Authors: Royon Laurent , Merckx Jacques , Herbaut Rémi , Brunet Philippe , Dupont Christian , Dantan Philippe , Flaud Patrice , Guiffant Gérard
Published: May 2020

Introduction:

Central or peripheral vascular access devices have been in use for many decades. However, despite adequate care and maintenance, complete occlusion may occur, and its impact cannot be overlooked. A new procedure using a percussion technique has been published and referred as ‘the POP technique’.

Methods:

A hydrodynamic bench was used permitting both the recording of the movement of the piston with a fast camera and the pressure variations in the polyurethane and silicone catheters while connected to 2- and 3-piece syringes.

Results:

The results are twofold. First the upward movement of the piston leads to the installation of a saturation vapour pressure in the body of the syringe. During this sequence, the clot is submitted to a force of aspiration. Then the release of the plunger leads to a pulse pressure whose dynamics and intensity are dependent of the types of syringes and catheters.

Conclusions:

The experiments bring to light the importance of practical features such as the orientation of the syringe and the nature of the polyurethane or silicone catheters. Then the analysis enables the definition of practical rules for safe practice of the POP technique. This study will impact clinicians as many may be tempted to use the technique in hope to resolve the occlusion safely, in a timely manner.
Venous distensibility is more important than venous diameter in primary survival of autogenous radiocephalic arteriovenous fistulas
Authors: Hou Guocun , Hou Yi , Sun Xiuli , Yin Na , Feng Guozhen , Yan Yonghong , Guangyi Li
Published: May 2020

Background:

Many studies suggested that the optimal cephalic vein diameter for wrist radio-cephalic arteriovenous fistula construction should be at least 2 mm to predict successful maturation and primary patency. However, our experience has shown that many patients with smaller cephalic vein diameter (≤2 mm) in the neutral state (without a tourniquet) also have good clinical outcomes. The aim of this study was to identify predictors that affect primary survival of new wrist radio-cephalic arteriovenous fistula in patients with cephalic vein diameter ≤2 mm.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective review of 50 patients with preoperative cephalic vein diameters ≤2 mm in the neutral state who underwent wrist radio-cephalic arteriovenous fistula construction between September 2016 and October 2019. Internal diameters of the cephalic vein and radial artery, venous distensibility, peak systolic velocity, and resistance index of the radial artery were determined by ultrasound examination before wrist radio-cephalic arteriovenous fistula placement. Patients were divided into two groups: failure and survival.

Results:

The radio-cephalic arteriovenous fistula survival rate was 68% from the time of radio-cephalic arteriovenous fistula creation until the end of the study. Univariate analysis showed that larger venous distensibility (p < 0.001), non-diabetic kidney disease (p = 0.009), and slower peak systolic velocity of the radial artery (p = 0.033) were predictive factors for primary radio-cephalic arteriovenous fistula survival. Multivariate regression analysis revealed good venous distensibility (odds ratio = 9.637, 95% confidence interval = 1.893–49.050, p = 0.006) and non-diabetic kidney disease (odds ratio = 0.148, 95% confidence interval = 0.033–0.660, p = 0.012) to be independent predictors for primary radio-cephalic arteriovenous fistula survival. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that venous distensibility >0.52 mm (sensitivity: 70.6%, specificity: 68.8%) was the best cut-off value to predict primary radio-cephalic arteriovenous fistula survival.

Conclusion:

When cephalic veins with diameter ≤2 mm are found, venous distensibility should be used to aid in the surgery decision-making process. The outcome of wrist radio-cephalic arteriovenous fistula survival would be significantly improved through the use of cephalic vein with venous distensibility >0.52 mm.