bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Power dynamics in Egypt’s censorship of Gibran’sThe Prophet
Authors: Ali Hisham M.
Published: November 2023

After more than seventy years, whenKahlil Gibran’s 1923masterpieceThe Prophethad circulated freely in Egypt, censorship authorities banned the book in 1999 and 2011. This article explores the sociopolitical context surrounding the censorship ofThe Prophetand its Arabic translations, with a particular focus on the power play between censors and different agents and the strategies employed by the latter to revoke the ban on the book. The extent and intensity of power intervention speak to this case study’s significance. Qualitative analysis of English and Arabic press material is utilized to gain insights into the censors’ reports and the responses of different sociopolitical agents. This is paired with compiling and analyzing a dataset of bibliographical information on the editions ofThe Prophet’sArabic translations published in Egypt between 1999 and 2022. The findings point to a decentralized system of censorship exercised by several ministries and religious institutions with competing interests. It is argued that the survival ofThe Prophetin the face of multiple bans can be attributed to shifting sociopolitical conditions, discordant politics of powerful agents, and international pressure.
Loanword adaptation of Japanese consonants in Kavalan
Authors: Lin Hui-shan
Published: November 2023

This paper is a first attempt to investigate loanword adaptation of Japanese consonants in Kavalan. Based on first hand data, the paper shows that when a Japanese consonant is adapted as the closest Kavalan consonant, the manner features are of higher phonological weight and are more faithfully retained than the place and voicing features. It is shown that for adaptations involving a change in the place of articulation, the change is generally minimal and confined within the same major place feature. This is except for the [ɸ] > [h] and the [ç] > [h] mappings which involve a change from [Lab] and [Cor] to [Phar]. It is argued that although the [ɸ] > [h] and the [ç] > [h] mappings may seem to suggest that loanword adaptation in Kavalan is based on phoneme-to-phoneme mappings, the adaptations of Japanese affricates and the word-medial nasal codas suggest otherwise; the change is in fact driven by place markedness. Together with the fact that native Kavalan phonotactics also plays a role in shaping the non-native sounds perceived, this paper argues that Kavalan loanword adaptation is best accounted for by a loanword theory which takes into account both perception and phonology.
Switzerland, The Alps, And Italy
Authors: Robinson Jane
Published: November 2023

I think Mrs Freshfield is being a touch disingenuous: the art of mountaineering, which she implies here is no more remarkable than a sort of sightseeing trip of summits, was exciting, and what could be more unfeminine than that? It took an adventurous spirit like hers, and other elegant pioneers like Elizabeth Le Blond and Mrs Cole not actually afraid of climbing, to dare convention by attempting it in the first place. After all, climbing meant physical discomfort, even danger; it meant impropriety (being alone with guides and no doubt having to hitch up one's hem occasionally).
Arabia, Iraq, And Iran
Authors: Robinson Jane
Published: November 2023

When Lady Wortley Montagu reached Turkey, it was thought by her peers at home that she had gone just about as far as it is possible (for a Lady) to go. Beyond, even. A musky air of mystique, and the veiled edge of danger associated with the unknown, made the country the apogee of the exotic. That was at the beginning of the eighteenth century. Come the end of the nineteenth, susceptible souls were being lured even further east to the fabled deserts of Arabia, Mesopotamia, Babylon, and Persia. It is here we begin to get to know the real expeditioners, the 'serious’ women travellers like Gertrude Bell and Freya Stark (both of whom we have met before but who were never really challenged until now); like Lady Anne Blunt, who rode as a bedouin from the shores of the Mediterranean to the Persian Gulf—some two thousand miles—and another equestrienne, Ella Sykes, the title of whose book, Through Persia on a Side-Saddle, says it all.
Australasia
Authors: Robinson Jane
Published: November 2023

On a Sunday afternoon in late summer two elderly people in white linen hats, husband and wife without a doubt, and amiably married for thirty or forty years, stand at the parkland tip of Bradley’s Head on the northern shore of Sydney Harbour in Australia—a promontory whose eponym, Rear-Admiral William Bradley, RN, was sentenced to death in 1814 for defrauding the Royal mails. She wears a flowery cotton dress, he is in white shorts, though not of the very abbreviated kind known to Australians as stubbies.
North America
Authors: Robinson Jane
Published: November 2023

one side of our way slept the black shadow of Hyde Park; on the other the lights of the big Bayswater houses broke into changing stars as the rain lashed the glass. The bus was villainously overcrowded, and its badly packed cargo steamed morosely, saying nothing, seeing nothing, inwardly hurrying, tensely preoccupied in the all-important business of getting home.
Central And South America
Authors: Robinson Jane
Published: November 2023

The fashionable, indeed the only walk in St George’s, is the ferryroad; there are some pretty views, and being on the water-side it is pleasantly cool in the evening; but we generally prefer the wild scenery on the north side of the island where the navy tanks are situated. The heat is now excessive, and I was rather amused by the remark of an officer’s lady, who has just arrived from New Brunswick, that she had been forced to surrender to the climate.
A system for health care technology assessment
Authors: Banta H David , Luce Bryan R
Published: November 2023

Effective planning requires information on which technologies are beneficial and how beneficial each is. It requires that technologies be applied to important health care needs. It requires an idea of how much each technology will cost. It requires some idea of the social context of the technology: will it be accept able to patients. does it challenge ethical systems, will physicians and other providers use it? The consequences of technological change must be well understood. The goal is to identify important developments and to assess their implications. Ultimately. such information could be used in making policy decisions.
Liver tumors
Authors: Finegold Milton J
Published: November 2023

The 1988 International Agency for Research on Cancer survey of childhood cancer in 50 countries during the 1970s revealed an incidence of liver cancer that ranged from 0.4 per million children aged 0-14 years in France and Jamaica to about 4.0 in Hong Kong, Shanghai, Taiwan, and Fiji (1). This 10-fold difference reflects the high carrier rate for Hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the latter countries, leading to hepatocarcinoma. The rate for hepatocarcinoma ranged from 0.1 per million in Manchester, England, New York City Whites and Puerto Rico to 2.1 in Hong Kong and Japan. For hepatoblastoma, which has no association with HBV infection (however, see Fig. 15.1), the range of incidence was 0.3-0.4 in Osaka and Manchester (from 1954 to 1970) to 1.0 in the United States to 2.6 among males in Slovenia.
ECT in older patients with physical illness
Authors: Tew Jr James D , Mulsant Benoit H , Towers Adele
Published: November 2023

This chapter discusses the administration of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and the immediate physiological response. ECT in the context of specific cardiac conditions such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, cardiac arrhythmia/atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure (CHF), aneurysms, and pacemakers is also covered.
The intervertebral disc—structure, composition, and pathology
Authors: Duance Victor , Roberts Sally
Published: November 2023

The spine is a complex structure comprised of vertebrae, muscles and ligaments that combine to provide both strength and flexibility. To enable extension, flexion, lateral bending, and rotation each vertebral body is interposed with a soft deformable tissue, the intervertebral disc.(1) There are 24 intervertebral discs in the human spine, 7 in the cervical, 12 in the thoracic, and 5 in the lumbar regions (Fig. 1). The overall function of the intervertebral discs is to absorb and dissipate the high compressive and torsional forces experienced by the spine without compromising its flexibility.
Anxiety and eating disorders
Authors: Eley Thalia C , Collier David , McGuffin Peter
Published: November 2023

It has long been recognized that there is a familial component to both anxiety and eating disorders. In the past two decades research has moved on from family studies, looking at familial risk and resemblance to molecular genetic research attempting to identify specific susceptibility loci. Here we will review data from both quantitative genetic research (family and twin studies—we are not aware of any adoption studies of anxiety or eating disorders) and molecular genetics (linkage, association and animal models).
Clinical trials
Authors: Grahame-Smith D G , Aronson J K
Published: November 2023

Medicines should be effective. In other words, they should alleviate a symptom or ameliorate or cure a disease. In an individual, the efficacy (or benefit of treatment) should outweigh the potential hazard (the risk of harm), and the decision to use a drug depends on assessing the benefit: risk ratio in the individual patient.
The drug history and the clinical examination and investigation of drug effects
Authors: Grahame-Smith D G , Aronson J K
Published: November 2023

The drug history and the clinical examination and investigation of drug effects are important parts of the general history, examination, and investigation. They should be undertaken with as much care. This is important because:A knowledge of the drugs a patient has taken in the past or is currently taking is essential in planning future treatment. Drug effects should always be on the list of differential diagnoses, since drugs can cause illness or disease, either directly or as a result of an interaction.
Darwin’s illness
Authors: Medawar Peter
Published: November 2023

Charles Darwin was a sick man for the last forty of his seventy three years of life. His diaries tell the story of a man deep in the shadow of chronic illness-gnawed at by gastric and intestinal pains, frightened by palpitations, weak and lethargic, often sick and shivery, a bad sleeper, and always an attentive student of his own woes. His complaints began about a year after his return from the great scientific adventures that occupied the five-year voyage of HMS Beagle, and they soon took on a fitfully recurrent pattern. Over the next few years, as he became progressively weaker, Darwin gave up his more energetic pursuits, including the geological field-work he had until then delighted in; and in 1842, when only thirty-three, he and his devoted wife Emma retired to a country house in Kent.
The strange case of the spotted mice
Authors: Medawar Peter
Published: November 2023

‘Can the leopard change his spots?’ the prophet asked (Jeremiah, 13:23), clearly not expecting to be told he can. Nor, indeed, can mice, except under the rather discreditable circumstances now to be outlined.
Eurhythmics: Ends and Means
Authors: Bachmann Marie-Laure
Published: November 2023

By 1910 Jaques-Dalcroze had clearly defined not only the aim of Eurhythmics and the results it could claim to achieve, but also, in general terms, the working methods available for such achievements. Two articles published at this time (in 1909 and 1910) yield an essential resumé of his thoughts in this direction. They were to undergo no substantial modification as a result of later developments; on the contrary, the latter, while further clarifying the Dalcrozian approach, would more often than not confirm it by subsequent experience.
The Technique of Orchestral Playing
Authors: Morris Gareth
Published: November 2023

The orchestra provides magnificent opportunities for the flute but great responsibilities for the player, who is required to be a soloist in his own right, a chamber musician, and to have the stamina and confidence to dominate intuits passages when the occasion arises. Its very position on the crest of the score gives the flautist a dangerous opportunity to make or mar the quality of a performance, an exposure that needs constant self-appraisal.
Repertoire
Authors: Morris Gareth
Published: November 2023

The flute repertoire is large, so the following list contains only works of essential interest. Excellent minor composers of the Baroque Era produced much pleasant solo and ensemble music which has no great individuality or unusual beauty; there are important exceptions, but most of the compositions are useful for musical evenings without being indispensable to the serious student, although he would wish to add many of them to his library in due course.
Why History Matters
Authors: Lerner Gerda
Published: November 2023

‘ All human beings are practicing historians,’ writes Gerda Lerner. ‘ We live our lives; we tell our stories. It is as natural as breathing.’ And it is as important as breathing too. It is how we define ourselves and our community, how we understand our time and place and the context of our lives. History can be the vital thread that holds a nation together, as demonstrated most strikingly with the Jewish people. Conversely, for women, who have lived in a world in which they apparently had no history, its absence can be devastating. In Why History Matters, Lerner brings together her thinking and research of the last sixteen years, combining personal reminiscences with innovative theory that illuminate the importance of history and the vital role women have played in it. Why History Matters contains some of the most significant thinking and writing on history that Lerner has done in her entire career - a summation of her life and work. The chapters are divided into three sections, each widely different from the others, each revelatory of Lerner as a woman and a feminist. We read first of Lerner’s coming to consciousness as a Jewish woman. There are moving accounts of her early life as a refugee in America, her return to Austria fifty years after fleeing the Nazis (to discover a nation remarkable both for the absence of Jews and for the anti-Semitism just below the surface), her slow assimilation into American life, and her decision to be a historian. If the first section is personal, the second focuses on more professional concerns. Included here is a fascinating essay on nonviolent resistance, tracing the idea from the Quakers (such as Mary Dyer), to abolitionists such as Theodore Dwight Weld (the ‘ most mobbed man’ in America), to Thoreau’s essay Civil Disobedience, then across the sea to Tolstoy and Gandhi, before finally returning to America during the civil rights movement of the 1950s. There are insightful essays on ‘ American Values’ and on the tremendous advances women have made in the twentieth century, as well as Lerner’s presidential address to the Organization of American Historians, which outlines the contributions of women to the field of history and the growing importance of women as a subject of history. The highlight of the final section of the book is Lerner’s bold and innovative look at the issues of class and race as they relate to women, an essay that distills her thinking on these difficult subjects and offers a coherent conceptual framework that will prove of lasting interest to historians and intellectuals. A major figure in women’s studies and long-term activist for women’s issues, a founding member of NOW and a past president of the Organization of American Historians, Gerda Lerner is a pioneer in the field of Women’s History and one of its leading practitioners. Why History Matters is the summation of the work and thinking of this distinguished historian.
The Bob Crosby Orchestra
Authors: Sudhalter Richard M
Published: November 2023

“Above all,” Bob Haggart recalled, “we were like a family. We worked together, socialized together. Thought musically together. Most other bands-well, to tell the truth, we didn’t pay much attention to what everybody else was doing. To us most of the time, they just sounded as if they were trying to steal from one another.”
Bix Beiderbecke and Some of His Friends
Authors: Sudhalter Richard M
Published: November 2023

Beiderbecke is one of the most ardently, tirelessly documented of all early jazz figures. Philip R. Evans, in researching Bix: Man and Legend, seemed determined to account for every day in his subject’s brief life and came remarkably close to achieving his goal. Such diverse writers as Otis Ferguson, Benny Green, Charles Wareing, Max Harrison, Burnett James, Humphrey Lyttelton, Gunther Schuller, and even, in rather different ways, Eddie Condon and Mezz Mezzrow (or their literary “ghosts”) have captured aspects of him in print.
Jack Purvis
Authors: Sudhalter Richard M
Published: November 2023

He was tall, maybe about six feet. Stocky. Nice looking, if running a bit to fat. He had come up to the stand after a set and introduced himself to cornetist Jim Goodwin. “My name,” he said, “is Jack Purvis.” Goodwin knew some jazz history. He knew Jack Purvis by reputation as a brilliant, often wayward trumpet player whose adventures off the bandstand were almost as legendary as his daredevil solos.
Artie Shaw (2): Time and Change
Authors: Sudhalter Richard M
Published: November 2023

In late spring of 1944 the word went out: Artie Shaw was back in circulation and thinking of putting together a band. Shaw? No kidding. Last anyone had heard he was off somewhere in the Pacific, leading a U.S. Navy band called the Rangers. He’d had Maxie Kaminsky, Johnny Best, and a couple of other guys from his civilian bands; Claude Thornhill and two sidemen from his last prewar band-Tasso Harris on trombone and the amazing young lead trumpeter Conrad Gazzo; the extraordinary young tenor saxophonist Sam Donahue, who’d been leading his own civilian band. And, through some miracle of bureaucratic chicanery, he’d gotten Dave Tough, who all but defined the term “4-F.”
Bobby Hackett: Making It Sing
Authors: Sudhalter Richard M
Published: November 2023

Fellow-musicians still talk about the time Bobby Hackett was trying to sell one of his many cornets to a friend. “It’s been played a bit,” he said with real earnestness, “but the high register”-(here a small chuckle)-”that’s unused, brand-new.” That was his way-wry, a little self-deprecating-of reminding people that he didn’t often use his instrument’s extremes of register, either upper or lower, preferring to work in its vocal middle range. Anyone who knew Bobby even slightly will recognize the humor, as characteristic of the man as the sound of his horn on hundreds, even thousands, of records, over four decades.
Red Norvo and Mildred Bailey (2): Mr. and Mrs. Swing
Authors: Sudhalter Richard M
Published: November 2023

To hear Red Norvo tell it, he never had the slightest intention of leading his own band. “I didn’t want to be a leader,” he has insisted. “Never thought of myself that way; never had the slightest aspiration in that direction.” One of Norvo’s many endearing traits, however, is a practical nature. “I did realize,” he is wont to add, “that [leading a band] was a means for me to play what I wanted to play. To do things the way I wanted to do them. “So,” he says with a characteristic shrug, “I did it.”
Combining Lasers with Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry: Applications to the Study of Gas-Phase Metal Ion Chemistry
Authors: Weller Robert R , Macmahon Timothy J , Freiser Ben S
Published: November 2023

With the development of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR or FTMS) and the greater diversity and availability of lasers, a broad frontier of chemistry has opened. These two instruments are ideally suited for coupling. The FT-ICR with its high sensitivity and the ability to acquire a complete, high-resolution mass spectrum from a single laser pulse makes it a method of choice for laser desorption (LD) mass spectrometry. Also, the ability of the FT­ICR to store ions for long periods of time, along with the high flux densities available in continuous-wave (CW) and pulsed lasers, makes it ideal for the study of single and multiphoton/ion interactions.
Technology Transfer and Economic Growth: A Historical Perspective on Current Developments
Authors: Aggarwal Raj
Published: November 2023

In recent years, U.S. and Western European business and industry have been battered by increasingly intense international competition. Western companies in traditional manufacturing industries, such as automobiles, steel, and textiles, seem particularly threatened. Now a new source of competition is emerging-a source with which even the Japanese find difficult to compete successfully in some industries.
The Development/Manufacturing Interface: Empirical Analysis Of The 1990 European Manufacturing Futures Survey
Authors: Meyer Arnoud De
Published: November 2023

Competitive pressures force companies to improve the management of the interface between development and manufacturing so that they can shorten the time between product concept and market launch. Indeed, a delay in the introduction of a new product can significantly shorten the period during which the company can market the product, since the time of the withdrawal of the product is often determined by market factors beyond the influence of the company. As a consequence, a delayed market introduction can have a strong negative effect on the overall profitability of an innovation project.
Bodily Bonds: The Intersecting Rhetorics of Feminism and Abolition
Authors: Sanchez-Eppler Karen
Published: November 2023

As Lydia Maria Child tells it in 1836, the story of the woman and the story of the slave are the same story: I have been told of a young physician who went into the far Southern states to settle, and there became in love with a very handsome and modest girl who lived in service. He married her; and about a year after the event a gentleman called at the house and announced himself as Mr. J. of Mobile. He said to Dr. W., “Sir, I have a trifling affair of business to settle with you. You have married a slave of mine.” The young physician resented the language; for he had not entertained the slightest suspicion that the girl had any other than white ancestors since the flood. But Mr. J. furnished proofs of his claim.
How Not To Decipher the Indus Valley Inscriptions
Authors: Bright William
Published: November 2023

One of the great unsolved problems of Indian history is the decipherment of the inscriptions from the ancient civilizations of the Indus Valley. The topic has been of special interest to Dravidianists because there seem to be two good arguments for the hypothesis that the Indus Valley language was an early form of Dravidian: first, the presence in modem times of Brahui, a Dravidian language, in Baluchistan, just west of the Indus Valley; and second, the fact that lexical and phonological loans from Dravidian existed in the earliest forms of Sanskrit, presumably reflecting language contact at the time when lndo Aryan speakers first entered the Indian subcontinent by way of the Indus Valley. However, conclusive proof for this position has not yet been found, and alternative hypotheses continue to be put forward.
Japanese Corporate Philanthropy
Authors: London Nancy R
Published: November 2023

Although much is known about the donations made by Japanese companies to causes in other countries, little is known about corporate giving within Japan itself. This book explores the socio-cultural setting in which the latter type of corporate giving is conducted. It deals with the legal foundations of philanthropy, taxation, and the way in which the actual philanthropic system works.
Toddler
Authors: Barnouw Erik
Published: November 2023

The excitement that exploded in 1920 was a nationwide eruption, but activities in Pittsburgh were especially decisive. For the Westinghouse company, the halt in war production had created a bleak outlook. As government contracts for transmitters, receivers, and vacuum rubes ended, the company searched for ways to use its idled production equipment, but for a time found none. When its rival GE, by forming RCA, seemed set to take a dominant role in international communication, Westinghouse was not at first included in the venture. One Westinghouse researcher, Vladimir K. Zworykin, who had been a communication specialist in the Czarist army and had participated in television experiments in Russia, asked for permission to pursue these. Permission was given, but with reluctance; financial returns seemed remote.
Insecticide Resistance
Authors: Cochran Donald G
Published: November 2023

Control of the German cockroach by use of chemical insecticides has a long history going back to at least the early part of this century (Mallis 1969). However, the question of insecticide resistance in these pests did not arise until after the advent of the chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides in the late 1940’s. One of them, the cyclodiene chlordane, rapidly became the insecticide of choice for cockroach control. By 1951 there were reports from Texas of failures to obtain satisfactory control with this chemical (Grayson 1966). Later research confirmed that high-level resistance to chlordane was present in field populations of the German cockroach (Fisk and Isert 1953, Grayson 1954, Heal et al. 1953). Subsequently, resistance to this material became so widespread in the USA that it had to be abandoned for cockroach control (Grayson 1966). By the mid-1950’s it was apparent that the German cockroach could also develop resistance to DDT and pyrethrins (Grayson 1966). DDT was not used commercially for German cockroach control in the USA, but selections in the laboratory produced high-level resistance to it (Grayson 1953). Natural pyrethrins have been used in cockroach control for many years, mainly as a flushing agent. Thus, it is not surprising that resistance to pyrethrins has been known in the German cockroach since the early 1950’s (Keller et al. 1956). Indeed, it is highly likely that resistance to pyrethrins existed in this pest for some time prior to its actual discovery, and may represent the earliest case of resistance in this species.
Biochemistry of Spermatozoa and Seminal Plasma
Authors: Mortimer David
Published: November 2023

As discussed in Chapter 2, human seminal plasma is a complex secretion containing numerous substances some of which are specific for the accessory gland, which contributed a fraction of the ejaculate. These substances in particular can be diagnostically useful as markers for the presence or absence, dysfunction, or infection of particular accessory glands. It is now generally accepted that seminal plasma biochemical markers are expressed in quantities per ejaculate rather than per milliliter (e.g., World Health Organization, 1992) as it is considered to better reflect the secretory capacity of the particular accessory gland.
The Slave’s Narrative
Authors: Davis Charles T , Gates Henry Louis
Published: November 2023

These autobiographies of Afro-American ex-slaves comprise the largest body of literature produced by slaves in human history. The book consists of three sections: selected reviews of slave narratives, dating from 1750 to 1861; essays examining how such narratives serve as historical material; and essays exploring the narratives as literary artifacts.
Written By Themselves: Views and Reviews, 1750–1861
Authors: Davis Charles T , Gates Henry Louis
Published: November 2023

The writings of the once enslaved, of the captive and his or her boldly effected escape, have long enjoyed an especial readership in Western cultures. Arna Bontemps compares the genre of black slave narratives to that of the Western; he could just as appropriately have compared the genre to detective fiction. The recently published narratives of the Iranian hostages, the detailed and impassioned stories of the American citizens imprisoned in Iran, are merely generic extensions of the slave narratives, which, in tum, were fundamentally related structurally to the Indian captivity tale, so popular in the late seventeenth- and early eighteenth-centuries, some of which have been collected by Richard Van der Beets in Held Captive by Indians: Selected Narratives, 1642–1836.This section of our book reprints several reviews of slave narratives to begin to recreate a sense of the critical reception these books received at the time of publication, and a sense of their role in the anti-slavery struggle. As many of these attest, the writings of the slaves were used to prove the common humanity and the intellectual capacities that persons of African descent shared with Europeans and Americans.
The Slave Narratives as Literature
Authors: Davis Charles T , Gates Henry Louis
Published: November 2023

One of the most quickly expanding fields of contemporary literary history is narrative theory. Those principles upon which we define “auto biography” and “fiction,” long thought to be self-evident and matters of common sense, have recently been recognized to be problematical. More over, the status of the black slave’s texts have, only in the past two de cades, received as much close analysis and practical criticism as have other sorts of written discourse. It was to collect these recent examples of literary criticism that the editors originally agreed to prepare this col lection. The essays collected here analyze the narratives as literary works. Some explicate the shared tropes and themes of the genre; others discuss their textual inter-relationships as literary history; still others are close readings of discrete texts. Jean Fagan Yellin’s essay marshals evidence to prove that the richest female slave narrative, the veracity of which until recently disputed by historians as scrupulous as John Blassingame, is indeed the narrative written by the slave, Harriet Jacobs, “by herself.”
Preparing
Authors: Kaye Sanford
Published: November 2023

Most people would rather talk than write. Pressed to write, they draw a blank, or feel either that they have nothing new to say or that whatever they have to say could be said better by someone else. Yet when you talk to hesitant writers about assignments at work or school, you find they have too much to say: they are swamped by their research, and feel helpless in trying to sort out their own arguments in a clear and forceful way. The concept of writing with confidence or pleasure is even more mysterious, one reserved for “born writers.” This debilitating illusion is re enforced by our cultural myth that ‘writing can’t be taught.”
Dr. Nietzsche’s Office Hours Are Between 10 and 12 A.M.
Authors: Gustafsson Lars
Published: November 2023

It is hard to project oneself into one’s work. And still philosophers and writers love to do that. Not to speak about painters like Velasquez in “Las Meninas.” They constantly return to this experiment. Charles Baudelaire does it, for example in “Le Jeu,” when he places himself at the corner of the gambling hall. This is an unusual room, hall and belly at the same time time, populated by unreal gamblers, where the faces are dry and the ladies’ jewellery produces metallic sounds: There is always something very fascinating which takes place at the moment when the artist tries to project himself into his own picture. What attracts our attention by such attempts is, of course, the play with perspective, not unlike that in Baroque painting, the tendency towards infinite regress involved in such enterprises, and last, but not least, their ironic possibilities.
Implications for Theory
Authors: Stillinger Jack
Published: November 2023

The foregoing chapters have illustrated multiple authorship in a variety of forms: the young Keats being refined, polished, and restrained by well-intentioned friends and publishers; the middle-aged Mill being spruced up by his wife for attractive autobiographical presentation; the old Wordsworth rewriting his younger self; Coleridge constructing his philosophy with lengthy extracts taken over verbatim without acknowledgment from the Germans; Eliot seizing on the revisions and excisions of his mentor; novelists routinely sharing their authorship with friends, spouses, ghostwriters, agents, editors, censors, publishers; playwrights and screenwriters disappearing in the ordinary processes of play and film production.
Pecksniff and Politics
Authors: Longenbach James
Published: November 2023

The appearance of “Sunday Morning” in the November 1915 issue of Poetry magazine has always seemed a remarkable feat. Stevens had published only a handful of poems in 1914 (none of them particularly memorable), and before that, he had published no poetry since leaving Harvard in the spring of 1900. His sonnets in the Harvard Advocate look a lot like the rest of the verse in the Harvard Advocate, and not even the exceptional “Ballade of the Pink Parasol” prepares us for the outburst of the earliest poems of Harmonium.
The Fellowship of Men that Perish
Authors: Longenbach James
Published: November 2023

Paradoxically, one way to witness the war’s presence in Stevens’s early poems of the earth is to notice how much of the argument of “Sunday Morning” or “Peter Quince at the Clavier” is latent in Stevens’s prewar letters and journals. It would seem natural that Stevens would have penned “Sunday Morning” immediately after this meditation of May 2, 1909.To-day I have been roaming about town. In the morning I walked down-town-stopping once to watch three flocks of pigeons circling in the sky.
Jam Sessions
Authors: Crow Bill
Published: November 2023

When I moved to New York, I knew my nightly idylls at Birdland couldn’ t last forever. When my money was gone, I went downtown to a printing trades employment agency and they found me a job at Bergen Press, a print shop in the Bronx. I had learned printing in Kirkland, working after school and on weekends for seventy-five cents an hour in the print shop of the East Side Journal, our weekly newspaper. The money was no better in New York: Bergen Press paid me thirty dollars a week to hand-feed a job press for them.
“The Music Goes ‘ Round and Around”
Authors: Crow Bill
Published: November 2023

My dad shipped my old drum set to me from Kirkland in time for my first job with the Mike Riley Trio at a bar and grill in Elmira, New York. I recently looked up Mike’ s vital statistics and found that he was born in Fall River, Massachusetts, in 1904, so he was forty-seven years old when I joined him, but he was a boyish old leprechaun, built like a tree stump. His long, vertical nose erupted sharply between a pair of intensely blue eyes. His fierce red hair had turned gray, but he dyed it back to its original color.
S.S. Uruguay
Authors: Crow Bill
Published: November 2023

I took all my instruments with me on the S.S. Uruguay. When we played on deck as the ship was going in and out of port, I played valve trombone. During the evening dance sets I played both bass and drums: bass on the American tunes and drums on the Latin ones. I knew how to play tangos, rhumbas, and sambas, but I had to be taught the baion by a passenger, a Brazilian lady. When the guy she was with complained that we weren’ t playing authentic Latin music, I told him, “Wait ‘ til you hear this next one. It’ s called ‘ Caveat Emptor.’ “ Before we reached our first port of call, Trinidad, we ran into some bad weather. I was awakened early one morning by a metallic rumble that repeated every few seconds. In the dark, I couldn’ t imagine what it could be. When I turned on the light, I saw that it was the metal drawer under my bunk, slowly sliding open and closed. I had hung my trousers on a hook over my bunk, and they were slowly swinging from horizontal to vertical. I realized that the ship, large as it was, was rolling alarmingly.
Terry Gibbs
Authors: Crow Bill
Published: November 2023

My first job with Terry Gibbs was a week at the Rouge Lounge in River. Rouge, Michigan, near Detroit. Our quartet included pianist Terry Pollard, who sometimes played duets with Gibbs at the vibraphone, and Frank DeVito, our drummer. We laughed a lot on that group. We had fun playing together, and we enjoyed each other’ s company off the bandstand. Woody Herman played a concert in Detroit, and most of the band came out to see us afterwards. Red Kelly, Woody’ s bass player, was also from the Pacific Northwest, but we hadn’ t met before. We stood outside the club during a break and got acquainted. When we came back in and passed by Woody’ s table, Red grabbed me by the back of my jacket and held me up in front of Woody as if he were showing him a beagle.
The Half Note
Authors: Crow Bill
Published: November 2023

Composer Edgar Varese had someone assemble a group of jazz musicians at Greenwich House one afternoon to experiment with a new form of composition he had devised. There was one of each instrument: me on bass, Ed Shaugnessy on drums, Don Butterfield on tuba, Teddy Charles on vibes, Art Farmer on trumpet, Eddie Bert on trombone, Teo Macero on tenor sax, and one or two others that I can’ t remember. Varese explained that as the composer, his only control of the music would be choosing who was to play when, and for how long. He wanted us to improvise freely within the time parameters he would give us. He said he had chosen jazz musicians because he felt that classically trained musicians weren’ t “free enough.” Varese pulled out a stopwatch and a notepad that contained his composition. He announced something like this: “First, the string bass and the trombone will play together for eighteen seconds. Then the trumpet and the tuba play for fifteen seconds. Then the saxophone and the percussion for twenty-one seconds. Then the vibraphone, saxophone, and tuba for eleven seconds. Then everyone together for twenty-five seconds.
Finding the Poetry Hidden in the Prose
Authors: Bremen Brian A
Published: November 2023

In “How to Read,” Ezra Pound distinguishes prose as being “less highly charged” than poetry, yet he sees that “during the last century or century and a half prose has … arisen to challenge the poetic pre-eminence.” Pound elsewhere asserts ‘‘that prose is as precious and as much to be sought after as verse, even in its shreds and patches’’ and that “one of the finest chapters in English [may be] hidden in a claptrap novel.” “Great literature,” Pound claims, “is simply language charged with meaning to the utmost possible degree,” and those who discover “a mode or process” to do so received Pound’s highest praise; they are ‘‘the inventors.’’
A Century of Spies
Authors: Richelson Jeffrey T
Published: November 2023

Spy-masters, moles, and double-agents. Ciphers, saboteurs, and atomic secrets. The shady world of real-life espionage is as alarming and mysterious as any John Le Carré novel or James Bond movie. This outstanding book chronicles the international history of intelligence in the 20th century, exploring the impact of spies on world events during both war and peacetime. The work highlights the key events and breakthroughs in the history of intelligence and espionage - from the codebreaking and sabotage operations in the World Wars to the U2 incident and the CIA’s secret war in Nicaragua. It also offers fascinating details of the colourful individuals who have made a mark as spies, defectors, and counterspies. The increasing importance of technology is a central theme in the book, from the advances in reconnaissance that make modern warfare possible to the spy satellites that help to verify arms control treaties. With the end of the cold war Richelson examines the role of intelligence in the 1990s and beyond, including the possibility of US-Soviet co-operation to combat terrorism and to halt the proliferation of nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons to developing countries.
A Prodigy Despite Her Mother
Authors: Block Adrienne Fried
Published: November 2023

It Was Exciting To Be In Boston, a city whose leaders were devoted to the arts and to the city itself as a work of art. Boston used the years following the Great Fire of 1872 not merely to rebuild but to improve, to enhance, to make crooked streets straight, plan for broad avenues and parks, and to decorate with fanciful terra-cotta carvings, ornamental ironwork, and Victorian elaborations in wood. The enormous work of transforming the mud flats of Back Bay into elegant streets of town houses was on its way. The hub, the “modern Athens,” grew more handsome than ever, dominated by a State House with a dome now covered in gold leaf. Of course, no further away than the far side of Beacon Hill was an Irish slum, from whence came many of the day laborers who carried out the plans to beautify the city and the domestics who toiled in Beacon Hill and Back Bay mansions.
Reaching Out To The World
Authors: Block Adrienne Fried
Published: November 2023

Amy Beach’s Second Commissioned Work was heard by an international audience at an event that climaxed the end of the century. The World’s Columbian Exposition, held in Chicago in 1893, celebrated the four hundredth anniversary of Columbus’s landfall in the New World and ushered in the American century. The commission to compose a festive piece for the dedication of the Woman’s Building at the fair was an honor that demonstrated how widespread was the reputation Beach had gained from the Mass.
“One of The Boys”
Authors: Block Adrienne Fried
Published: November 2023

Symphonies, Like Heroic Feats, are enacted in public. Composing a symphony means challenging the heights of art and taking a monumental risk. Beach had already taken one in the Mass in m and won. But with the Mass, she could take her cues from the text itself and from the accretion over the ages of musical treatments of that text, its divisions, its piety, pathos, and tragedy. She also drew on her skills in text setting that had been learned from her songs. A symphony, however, grows not out of words but out of musical ideas.
“A Veritable Autobiography”?: The Piano Concerto
Authors: Block Adrienne Fried
Published: November 2023

In The Last Years Of The nineteenth century, Amy Beach composed a piano con certo.1 The genre had changed since it was created by Mozart, evolving into a contentious form in which the soloist usually emerges victorious over the or chestra. Part of that evolution was the work of Liszt, whose persona as the virtuoso assoluto became the standard for those aspiring to heroic pianism. The other crucial change was the replacement of the piano’s wood frame with a steel one, creating a louder and more brilliant sound. The combination of extraordinary technique and ringing sound allowed the great pianists to dominate the orchestra, despite being one against many.
Europe And A New Life
Authors: Block Adrienne Fried
Published: November 2023

On 5 September 1911’ Amy Beach sailed for Europe, beginning a new life on the very day she turned forty-four. After the early failed promise of study in Europe, after years of watching others leave for European study, after years of waiting for her turn, the trip was finally a reality. But instead of going to Eu rope as a student, she was going as an established composer with a national reputation-and even something of an international one. Now she must con vince European audiences, who were likely to reject Americans and women, to take her work seriously and to give it a fair hearing.
Caring
Authors: Block Adrienne Fried
Published: November 2023

“Quite Made Over By The Joy Of returning to[creative] work after a long absence,” Beach went back to Hillsborough after her first month at the MacDow ell Colony to confront once again the sad reality of Aunt Franc’s physical de cline. Her aunt had urged her to fulfill her concert commitments; Beach, however, was reluctant to leave her. As a result, she remained in Hillsborough during the next four years, leaving only for a few short concert tours to the Midwest. For Beach, that constituted a sea-change in her performing career.
Reckonings
Authors: Block Adrienne Fried
Published: November 2023

Beach’s Complex Life Required prodigies of organization. Every winter was spent in New York. At the end of April, she returned her piano to the Steinway Company and emptied her room of all her belongings in anticipation of giving it up for the next six months (thus saving on rent), and packed trunks to send variously to Hillsborough, the MacDowell Colony, and Centerville. Although she occasionally traveled by train, many moves were made in Ruth Shaffner’s or Lillian Buxbaum’s car-or sometimes those of others-all of which had to be arranged in advance. The early part of May she spent in a hotel in Boston seeing doctors and dentists, her investment advisers, her cousin Mabel Pierce who made and repaired her clothes, and her friends the Buxbaums, Amy Brigham, cousin Helen Gifford, and others. The Boston connection was important to her and Boston did not forget her either.
Love’s Knowledge
Authors: Nussbaum Martha C
Published: November 2023

Franςise brings him the news: “Mademoiselle Albertine has gone.” Only a moment before, he believed with confidence that he did not love her any longer. Now the news of her departure brings a reaction so powerful, an anguish so overwhelming, that this view of his condition simply vanishes, Marcel knows, and knows with certainty, without the least room for doubt, that he loves Albertine.
Transcending Humanity
Authors: Nussbaum Martha C
Published: November 2023

Odysseus tells Calypso, once again, that he is determined to leave her. Once again, she offers him a bargain that no human being, it seems, could refuse. Stay with me on this island, she says, and you will avoid all the troubles that await you. And best of all, living here, “in calm possession of this domain,” you will be “beyond the reach of death,” both immortal and ageless. The love Calypso offers and has offered is, itself, endless and ageless: no fatigue, no mourning, no cessation of calm pleasure. Odysseus replies, undeflected, choosing death: In this remarkable speech we see two elements of widely shared human belief, uneasily conjoined in Odysseus’ account of his own thinking, as they are in what he implies about popular thought more generally.
Quantification of In Situ Hybridization Histochemistry
Authors: Chesselet Marie-Francoise , Weiss-Wunder Linda T
Published: November 2023

The measurement of mRNA levels in tissue homogenates has revealed that marked differences in the level of expression of specific mRNAs can occur not only during development, but also in response to a large variety of experimental manipulations. Quantitative in situ hybridization histochemistry offers the opportunity to measure these changes with a much greater degree of anatomical resolution. Film autoradiography can resolve defined brain areas and even sub regions within these brain areas. Emulsion autoradiography allows for quantification of relative levels of mRNAs in individual cells. This is particularly useful when the number of labeled cells is very small, as during development or for a subpopulation of cells within a given structure (Salin et al., 1990). It is also extremely valuable when the same mRNA is expressed by intermingled cell populations that can be distinguished on the basis of their morphology or level of expression for the mRNA (Soghomonian et al., 1992; Weiss-Wunder and Chesselet, 1991).
Comparing the Danish and Swedish Systems of Innovation
Authors: Edquist Charles , Lundvall Bengt-Åke
Published: November 2023

Similarities And Differences Between Denmark And Sweden Most comparative work on national systems supporting technical change has focused on the differences between the United States and Japan. Such comparisons may be very useful as first approximations; they demonstrate, lucidly, how differences in national economic structures and institutional setups are reflected in differences in the rate and direction of technical change. In this chapter Sweden and Denmark, i.e., countries that are much more similar, are compared.