bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Human-Algorithm Integration System for Hip Fracture Detection on Plain Radiography: System Development and Validation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Cheng Chi-Tung , Chen Chih-Chi , Cheng Fu-Jen , Chen Huan-Wu , Su Yi-Siang , Yeh Chun-Nan , Chung I-Fang , Liao Chien-Hung
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND

Hip fracture is the most common type of fracture in elderly individuals. Numerous deep learning (DL) algorithms for plain pelvic radiographs (PXRs) have been applied to improve the accuracy of hip fracture diagnosis. However, their efficacy is still undetermined.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study is to develop and validate a human-algorithm integration (HAI) system to improve the accuracy of hip fracture diagnosis in a real clinical environment.

METHODS

The HAI system with hip fracture detection ability was developed using a deep learning algorithm trained on trauma registry data and 3605 PXRs from August 2008 to December 2016. To compare their diagnostic performance before and after HAI system assistance using an independent testing dataset, 34 physicians were recruited. We analyzed the physicians’ accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and agreement with the algorithm; we also performed subgroup analyses according to physician specialty and experience. Furthermore, we applied the HAI system in the emergency departments of different hospitals to validate its value in the real world.

RESULTS

With the support of the algorithm, which achieved 91% accuracy, the diagnostic performance of physicians was significantly improved in the independent testing dataset, as was revealed by the sensitivity (physician alone, median 95%; HAI, median 99%; P<.001), specificity (physician alone, median 90%; HAI, median 95%; P<.001), accuracy (physician alone, median 90%; HAI, median 96%; P<.001), and human-algorithm agreement [physician alone κ, median 0.69 (IQR 0.63-0.74); HAI κ, median 0.80 (IQR 0.76-0.82); P<.001. With the help of the HAI system, the primary physicians showed significant improvement in their diagnostic performance to levels comparable to those of consulting physicians, and both the experienced and less-experienced physicians benefited from the HAI system. After the HAI system had been applied in 3 departments for 5 months, 587 images were examined. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the HAI system for detecting hip fractures were 97%, 95.7%, and 96.08%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

HAI currently impacts health care, and integrating this technology into emergency departments is feasible. The developed HAI system can enhance physicians’ hip fracture diagnostic performance.
Predicting Unplanned Readmissions Following a Hip or Knee Arthroplasty: Retrospective Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Mohammadi Ramin , Jain Sarthak , Namin Amir T , Scholem Heller Melissa , Palacholla Ramya , Kamarthi Sagar , Wallace Byron
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND

Total joint replacements are high-volume and high-cost procedures that should be monitored for cost and quality control. Models that can identify patients at high risk of readmission might help reduce costs by suggesting who should be enrolled in preventive care programs. Previous models for risk prediction have relied on structured data of patients rather than clinical notes in electronic health records (EHRs). The former approach requires manual feature extraction by domain experts, which may limit the applicability of these models.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to develop and evaluate a machine learning model for predicting the risk of 30-day readmission following knee and hip arthroplasty procedures. The input data for these models come from raw EHRs. We empirically demonstrate that unstructured free-text notes contain a reasonably predictive signal for this task.

METHODS

We performed a retrospective analysis of data from 7174 patients at Partners Healthcare collected between 2006 and 2016. These data were split into train, validation, and test sets. These data sets were used to build, validate, and test models to predict unplanned readmission within 30 days of hospital discharge. The proposed models made predictions on the basis of clinical notes, obviating the need for performing manual feature extraction by domain and machine learning experts. The notes that served as model inputs were written by physicians, nurses, pathologists, and others who diagnose and treat patients and may have their own predictions, even if these are not recorded.

RESULTS

The proposed models output readmission risk scores (propensities) for each patient. The best models (as selected on a development set) yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.846 (95% CI 82.75-87.11) for hip and 0.822 (95% CI 80.94-86.22) for knee surgery, indicating reasonable discriminative ability.

CONCLUSIONS

Machine learning models can predict which patients are at a high risk of readmission within 30 days following hip and knee arthroplasty procedures on the basis of notes in EHRs with reasonable discriminative power. Following further validation and empirical demonstration that the models realize predictive performance above that which clinical judgment may provide, such models may be used to build an automated decision support tool to help caretakers identify at-risk patients.
Derivation of New Surveillance System for Influenza-like Illness Using Claims Data 2014-2018 in Korea (Preprint)
Authors: Choi HeeKyung , Choi Won Suk , Han Euna
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND

Influenza is an important public health concern. A national surveillance system that easily and rapidly detects influenza epidemics is lacking.

OBJECTIVE

We assumed that the rate of influenza-like illness (ILI) related-claims is similar to the current ILI surveillance system.

METHODS

We used the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service-National Patient Samples (HIRA-NPS), 2014-2018. We defined ILI-related claims as outpatient claims that contain both antipyretic and antitussive agents and calculated the weekly rate of ILI-related claims. We compared ILI-related claims and weekly ILI rates from clinical sentinel surveillance data.

RESULTS

We observed a strong correlation between the two surveillance systems each season. The absolute thresholds for the four-years were 84.64 and 86.19 cases claims per 1,000 claims for claims data and 12.27 and 16.82 per 1,000 patients for sentinel data (Figure 5). Both the claims and sentinel data surpassed the epidemic thresholds each season. The peak epidemic in the claims data was reached one to two weeks later than in the sentinel data. The epidemic patterns were more similar in the 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 seasons than the 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 seasons.

CONCLUSIONS

Based on hospital reports, ILI-related claims rates were similar to the ILI surveillance system. ILI claims data can be loaded to a drug utilization review system in Korea to make an influenza surveillance system.
Change position, good way to reduce cardio-metabolic risk of sedentary behavior in fibromyalgia patients?:Cross-sectional study (Preprint)
Authors: RodrÍguez-Roca Beatriz , URCOLA-PARDO FERNANDO , GASCON-CATALAN ANA , GASCH-GALLEN ANGEL
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND

Patients with fibromyalgia (FM), often exhibit sedentary behaviors and being overweight or obese places them at greater risk of developing cardiometabolic disease. Position changes have been found to be associated with positive effects on cardiometabolic outcomes in several chronical illness affected populations.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of position changes on cardiometabolic risk markers in sedentary patients diagnosed with FM who are overweight or moderately obese.

METHODS

Cross-sectional studies conducted on 78 women with FM. Activities were quantified: sitting time, number of position changes (sitting/standing), number of steps and metabolic output for one week using the activPAL device. In addition, anthropometric measurements, clinical and biochemical variables related to cardiometabolic risk were taken.

RESULTS

Of the sedentary activities studied, only a higher number of position changes were associated with a lower body mass index and a lower tricipital fold. No differences are observed when analyzing by number of steps or energy expenditure. Clinical and biochemical variables are in the range of normality regardless of sedentary habits.

CONCLUSIONS

This study highlights the beneficial effects of increased positional changes in sedentary overweight or obese people with fibromyalgia that may be incorporated into interventions to decrease cardiometabolic risk in these patients.

CLINICALTRIAL

NCT01729936
The Presence of Fungal and Parasitic Infections in Substances of Human Origin and Their Transmission via Transfusions and Transplantations: Protocol for Two Systematic Reviews (Preprint)
Authors: Dinas Petros C , Domanovic Dragoslav , Koutedakis Yiannis , Hadjichristodoulou Christos , Stefanidis Ioannis , Papadopoulou Kalliope , Dimas Konstantinos , Perivoliotis Konstantinos , Tepetes Konstantinos , Flouris Andreas D
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND

The European Union Directives stipulate mandatory tests for the presence of any infections in donors and donations of substances of human origin (SoHO). In some circumstances, other pathogens, including fungi and parasites, may also pose a threat to the microbial safety of SoHO.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of the two systematic reviews is to identify, collect, and evaluate scientific evidence for the presence of fungal and parasitic infections in donors and donations of SoHO, and their transmission via transfusion and transplantation.

METHODS

An algorithmic search, one each for fungal and parasitic disease, was applied to 6 scientific databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library [trials], and CINAHL). Additionally, manual and algorithmic searches were employed in 15 gray literature databases and 22 scientific organization websites. The criteria for eligibility included peer-reviewed publications and peer-reviewed abstract publications from conference proceedings examining the prevalence, incidence, odds ratios, risk ratios, and risk differences for the presence of fungi and parasites in donors and SoHO donations, and their transmission to recipients. Only studies that scrutinized the donors and donations of human blood, blood components, tissues, cells, and organs were considered eligible. Data extraction from eligible publications will be performed independently by two reviewers. Data synthesis will include a qualitative description of the studies lacking evidence suitable for a meta-analysis and a random or fixed-effect meta-analysis model for quantitative data synthesis.

RESULTS

This is an ongoing study. The systematic reviews are funded by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, and the results are expected to be presented by the end of 2021.

CONCLUSIONS

The systematic reviews will provide the basis for developing a risk assessment for fungal and parasitic disease transmission via SoHO.

CLINICALTRIAL

PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42020160090; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020160090 ; PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42020160110; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020160110

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/25674
Self-help digital interventions targeted at improving psychological wellbeing in young people with common mental health conditions: A Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Babbage Camilla M , Jackson Georgina M , Davies E Bethan , Nixon Elena
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND

Rates of suicide, self-harm and mental disorders remain high in young people, while those diagnosed with mental disorders experience poorer wellbeing than their counterparts. Barriers to accessing mental health support include reduced healthcare coverage, a lack of trained professionals, stigma and embarrassment in accessing support. Self-help digital interventions can be delivered on mass, at low cost and without need for trained input, hence facilitating access to mental health support Research has shown that self-help interventions are effective in young people with mental health conditions but systematic reviews of such studies have been limited to randomised controlled trials (RCTs).

OBJECTIVE

The objective was to systematically review all controlled studies of digitally delivered self-help interventions for young people, aged 9-25, with reduced wellbeing. Adherence to interventions was also explored.

METHODS

A systematic search of PsychInfo, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus and MEDLINE databases from inception to 2020, reference searches of relevant papers and a grey literature search was carried out to find any controlled study conducted with young people with diagnosed or self-diagnosed reduced wellbeing, exploring the effectiveness of a digital intervention aimed at improving their wellbeing. Data was extracted that identified the effectiveness and retention rates of the intervention, and the quality of the studies.

RESULTS

Of the 816 studies which were screened, 11 met the inclusion criteria; nine studies were randomised controlled trials and two were controlled before and after studies. The majority of studies aimed to improve symptoms of depression, two interventions were aimed at both anxiety and depressive symptoms and two studies at improving social functioning difficulties. Due to high risk of bias across interventions, a meta-analysis was not conducted. Retention rates across studies were assessed as moderate to high.

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, the findings indicated that unguided self-help interventions improved wellbeing in the areas intended by the intervention, and also found additional areas of wellbeing being positively affected by interventions. These findings, alongside the advantages of self-help interventions, highlight the need for the up-scaling of self-help interventions to better support vulnerable populations of young people.
Noninvasive Bioimpedance Methods From the Viewpoint of Remote Monitoring in Heart Failure (Preprint)
Authors: Krzesinski Pawel , Sobotnicki Aleksander , Gacek Adam , Siebert Janusz , Walczak Andrzej , Murawski Piotr , Gielerak Grzegorz
Published: November 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

Heart failure (HF) is a major clinical, social, and economic problem. In view of the important role of fluid overload in the pathogenesis of HF exacerbation, early detection of fluid retention is of key importance in preventing emergency admissions for this reason. However, tools for monitoring volume status that could be widely used in the home setting are still missing. The physical properties of human tissues allow for the use of impedance-based noninvasive methods, whose different modifications are studied in patients with HF for the assessment of body hydration. The aim of this paper is to present the current state of knowledge on the possible applications of these methods for remote (home-based) monitoring of patients with HF.
Effects of Background Colors, Flashes, and Exposure Values on the Accuracy of a Smartphone-Based Pill Recognition System Using a Deep Convolutional Neural Network: Deep Learning and Experimental Approach (Preprint)
Authors: Cha KyeongMin , Woo Hyun-Ki , Park Dohyun , Chang Dong Kyung , Kang Mira
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND

Pill image recognition systems are difficult to develop due to differences in pill color, which are influenced by external factors such as the illumination from and the presence of a flash.

OBJECTIVE

In this study, the differences in color between reference images and real-world images were measured to determine the accuracy of a pill recognition system under 12 real-world conditions (ie, different background colors, the presence and absence of a flash, and different exposure values [EVs]).

METHODS

We analyzed 19 medications with different features (ie, different colors, shapes, and dosages). The average color difference was calculated based on the color distance between a reference image and a real-world image.

RESULTS

For images with black backgrounds, as the EV decreased, the top-1 and top-5 accuracies increased independently of the presence of a flash. The top-5 accuracy for images with black backgrounds increased from 26.8% to 72.6% when the flash was on and increased from 29.5% to 76.8% when the flash was off as the EV decreased. However, the top-5 accuracy increased from 62.1% to 78.4% for images with white backgrounds when the flash was on. The best top-1 accuracy was 51.1% (white background; flash on; EV of +2.0). The best top-5 accuracy was 78.4% (white background; flash on; EV of 0).

CONCLUSIONS

The accuracy generally increased as the color difference decreased, except for images with black backgrounds and an EV of −2.0. This study revealed that background colors, the presence of a flash, and EVs in real-world conditions are important factors that affect the performance of a pill recognition model.
THE INFLUENCES OF NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE’S YOUNG GOODMAN BROWN ON BUDI DARMA’S BAMBANG SUBALI BUDIMAN: A COMPARATIVE LITERATURE
Authors: Wahyuningsih Mirotin Eka
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this article is to observe the influence of “Young Goodman Brown” on “Bambang Subali Budiman” applying Comparative Literature Study. The theme of Hypocrisy as the result of the journey of looking for evil inside is the universal values in both works. Although those works have similarities, some elements are different. Furthermore, the differences demonstrate the originality of “Bambang Subali Budiman” as influenced work. The study of Comparative Literature eliminates the gap between Western and Eastern literary works under the coverage of World Literature. Keywords: Comparative Literature, World Literature, Influence relation, Originality
Keragaman Morfologi dan Analisis Kekerabatan Anggrek Phaleonopsis Spesies dan Hybrid
Authors: Rahmadani Lita , Purwantoro Aziz
Published: November 2020

Perakitan varietas baru anggrek dari Phaleonopsis memerlukan tetua dengan sifat tertentu yang disesuaikan dengan permintaan pasar. Keberhasilan perakitan varietas baru ditentukan oleh hubungan kekerabatan antar anggrek yang digunakan sebagai tetua sehingga diperlukan karakterisasi. Karakterisasi morfologi anggrek hybrid juga diperlukan untuk menentukan dan membedakan penampakan morfologi antar anggrek. Tujuan penelitian yaitu untuk menentukan keragaman morfologi anggrek Phaleonopsis spesies dan hybrid berdasarkan nilai Indeks Shanon dan menentukan hubungan kekerabatan berdasarkan nilai similaritasnya. Penelitian dilakukan di tiga kebun anggrek yang ada di Yogyakarta yaitu Kebun Anggrek Balelawang, Titi Orchids, dan Kebun Anggrek Mas Jogja. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasional deskriptif yaitu pengamatan langsung di lapangan terhadap lima belas anggrek Phaleonopsis berdasarkan Panduan Karakterisasi Anggrek dari Balai Tanaman Hias. Hasil pengamatan morfologi tanaman dan bentuk bunga anggrek diubah menjadi data biner. Penentuan keragaman diketahui melalui perhitungan Indeks Shanon dan hubungan kekerabatanya diketahui menggunakan software Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System (NTYSYS) Spc 21. Berdasarkan karakter morfologinya menunjukkan nilai Indeks Shanon sebesar 2,70 yang diklasifikasikan dalam keragaman sedang. Hubungan kekerabatan Phaleonopsis spesies dan hybrid membentuk dua kelompok dengan nilai similiaritasnya 0,48.
Innovación e integración productiva en un sistema bovino con doble propósito del noroeste de México
Authors: Santiago Solano Alma Delia , Velázquez Contreras Lorenia , Moreno Dena Jesús Mario , Salazar Solano Vidal
Published: November 2020

El objetivo del presente estudio es caracterizar los procesos de innovación tecnológica y organizacional que contribuyeron a la integración del sistema productivo bovino con doble propósito en Suaqui Grande, Sonora, México. Mediante la aplicación de entrevistas semiestructuradas a miembros de una muestra de 12 cooperativas se construyó una representación cronológica-narrativa de los procesos de innovación. Los resultados muestran cómo la reconfiguración del esquema ejidal en estas empresas familiares posibilitó la integración del sistema productivo. Así mismo, se encontró que el empoderamiento de la Unión de Los Soakis en los eslabones de la cadena de valor se sustentó en la inducción de innovaciones en su organización, equipamiento e infraestructura, entre otros rubros importantes, pero en especial en una visión compartida de desarrollo. Se concluye que la gestión de las innovaciones tecnológica y organizacional conformó el soporte de la integración productiva de las comunidades participantes entre 2010 y 2015. Una limitación fue que el tiempo transcurrido entre la adopción de innovaciones y la recabación de información no permitió un análisis a fondo de los efectos socioeconómicos en los productores y en el territorio.
Activists as “alternative” science communicators — Exploring the facets of science communication in societal contexts
Authors: Faehnrich Birte , Riedlinger Michelle , Weitkamp Emma
Published: November 2020

For many decades, NGOs and social movements have acted as “alternative” science communicators. They have made strategic use of science to promote their ideological stances, to influence political and/or economic decision-making and to motivate civic action. To date, however, our understanding of science communication in activism has received little critical attention. This set of commentaries acts as a starting point for further research and reflection. The different cases and perspectives urge readers to consider the impact, democratic legitimacy, and relevance of alternative science communication, and the challenges that alternative science communicators pose for science communication and society.
Implementation of the Comprehensive plan for the modernization and expansion of the railway infrastructure
Authors:   Institute of Social and Political Research of the Federal Research Sociological Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, BESKHMELNITSYN MIKHAIL I.
Published: November 2020

This article was prepared on the basis of a speech at the Gaidar Forum on January 16, 2020. It discusses the implementation of the Comprehensive plan for the modernization and expansion of the main infrastructure (CPMI). It has become a national project, distributed throughout the country, its results should be felt by the whole society. The author evaluates the successfully implemented projects for the development of the Central transport hub – the creation of the Moscow Central Ring and the Moscow Central Diameters. It is also about the revival of the Northern Sea Route, the development of the Baikal-Amur Mainline and the Trans-Siberian Railway. These tasks were set in the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 7, 2018 № 204 «On national goals and strategic objectives of the development of the Russian Federation for the period until 2024». The infrastructure upgrade will also affect long-distance passenger traffic, rolling stock. The author considers the conclusion of a contract with the Tver Carriage Works as an example of the modernization that has begun, notes that it provides for the renewal of the Tver Carriage Works itself. The author pays special attention to monitoring the implementation of the Comprehensive Plan for the modernization and expansion of the main infrastructure. It is indicated that when spending significant financial resources, it is extremely important to use modern control technologies, including BIM technologies. In addition, it is necessary to conduct work openly so that citizens can see in real time how national projects are being implemented.
Digital public administration: method of digital models-doubles (BIM) in law
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, PONKIN IGOR V. , REDKINA ALENA I. ,   Kutafin Moscow State Law University
Published: November 2020

The article is devoted to the study of the principles of the possibilities of applying BIM-technologies in law. The authors explain the concept and meaning of BIM modeling in general, noting that the BIM method, originally developed for information and functional modeling of buildings (in the construction sector), is now actively used (in significantly more complex modalities) in a variety of other areas. The article presents the author’s concept explaining the essence of the technology of the digital models-doubles (BIM). The work is based on the use of research methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, classification and modeling, observation. Using these methods, the distinction characteristics were described and the features of the method of digital models-doubles (BIM) in legal science and practice, its goals and the possibility of its application were predicted. The need for the development of universal platforms and the creation of universal prototypes, templates, formats, matrices and sets of tools, including concepts, methods and tools for processing, archiving, saving and storing data, is noted. The authors set out in detail (in the author’s concept) the possibilities, goals, methods and features of applying the method of digital models-doubles (BIM) in law.
Europe and Russia in the Context of Global Changes: Socio-cultural Approach
Authors:   University of Economics, Prague, LEHMANNOVÁ ZUZANA
Published: November 2020

The article is focused on cultural plurality as one of the essential features of contemporary stage of globalization. It reflects both differences and similarities between European and Russian cultures in the context of global cultural plurality and defines the demands that relate to interdisciplinary research in this area. In the study, the theoretical and methodological principles of research on cultural specificity are considered; the paradigm analysis is applied to study global cultural plurality, the specifics of individual cultures, and their comparison. The article focuses on the cultural determinants of the relationship between Russia and Europe, comparing the cultures of these multinational actors, their cultural forms, characteristics, and value orientations. In the research, we used the works of famous scientists. The sociocultural approach is necessary to study the intercultural relations, which at a fundamental level lead to the organization and functioning of relationships in modern society. Problems in the sociocultural sphere cause difficulties in various spheres of human activity. The close and complicated relationships that have developed over the years are too valuable for both cultural worlds to neglect them in the modern situation, where globalization took one of the essential places. The information, which was obtained in the course of research, is used to justify specific intercultural problems, and helps to apply a deeper approach to concretize the problems. Nowadays, the cultural sphere is closely connected with globalization; it permeates all aspects of human activity. Those controversial issues or problems that will arise between the societies in the modern world cannot be ignored, because it is precisely the thorough study of the basis of these problems that will help us in the future to counteract their adverse consequences for further development of society.
Animal models of diabetes-associated vascular diseases: An update on available models and experimental analysis
Authors: Choi Judy , Haan Judy de , Sharma Arpeeta
Published: November 2020

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder associated with the accelerated
development of macrovascular (atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease)
and microvascular complications (nephropathy, retinopathy and
neuropathy), which remain the principal cause of mortality and morbidity
in this population. Current understanding of cellular and molecular
pathways of diabetes-driven vascular complications as well as
therapeutic interventions have arisen from studying disease pathogenesis
in animal models. Diabetes-associated vascular complications are
multi-faceted, involving the interaction between various cellular and
molecular pathways. Thus, the choice of an appropriate animal model to
study vascular pathogenesis is important in our quest to identify
innovative and mechanism-based targeted therapies to reduce the burden
of diabetic complications. Herein, we provide up-to-date information on
available mouse models of both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetic vascular
complications as well as experimental analysis and research outputs.
Validation of the demographic Fetal Medicine Foundation Risk Calculator in predicting singleton antepartum stillbirth -- A retrospective case-control study
Authors: Muin Dana , Windsperger Karin , Attia Nadia , Kiss Herbert
Published: November 2020

Objectives: To externally validate the demographic setting of the online
Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) Stillbirth Risk Calculator based upon
maternal medical and obstetric history in a case-matched cohort. Design:
Retrospective case-control study Setting: Tertiary referral hospital
Population: 144 fetuses after singleton intrauterine fetal death (IUFD)
and a matched control group of 247 singleton live births between 2003
and 2019 Methods: Nonparametric receiver operating characteristics (ROC)
analysis was performed to predict the prognostic power of the risk score
and to generate a cut-off value to discriminate best between the events
of stillbirth versus live birth. Main Outcome Measures: FMF Stillbirth
risk score Results: The IUFD cohort conveyed a significantly higher
overall risk assessment with a median FMF Stillbirth risk score of
0.45% (0.19-5.70%) compared to live births [0.23% (0.18-1.30%);
p<0.001]. Demographic factors mainly contributing to the
increased risk were BMI (p=0.002), smoking (p<0.001), chronic
hypertension (p=0.015), APS (p=0.017), type 2 diabetes
(p<0.001) and need for insulin (p<0.001). ROC
analysis to evaluate the discriminative ability of the FMF Stillbirth
Risk Calculator showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.72 (95% CI
0.67–0.78; p<0.001). The FMF Stillbirth risk score at a
cut-off level of 0.34% (OR 6.22; 95% CI 3.91–9.89; p<0.001)
yielded a specificity of 82% and a sensitivity of 58% in predicting
singleton antepartum stillbirths. Conclusion: The FMF Stillbirth Risk
Calculator achieved a similar performance in our cohort of women as in
the reference group.
The Pandemic and the Crisis in the System of International Relations
Authors: Gromyko Al. A.
Published: November 2020

The research is focused on several key problems in the system of international relations influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic. It is shown that the events caused by it and broadly identified as a coronacrisis have a direct impact on the world economic contradictions (pandenomica) and political ones, including the sphere of security. These particular aspects are chosen as the main objects of the research. The author contends that the factor of the pandemic has sharpened the competition between regional and global players and has increased the role of a nation- state. In the conditions of transregional deglobalisation, regionalism and “protectionism 2.0” get stronger under the banners of “strategic vulnerability” and “economic sovereignty”. A further weakening of multilateral international institutions continues. The EU endeavours to secure competitive advantages on the basis of relocalisation, industrial and digital policies and the Green Deal. The article highlights the deterioration in the relations among Russia, the US, the EU and China, the unfolding decoupling between Washington and its European allies, which stimulates the idea of the EU strategic autonomy. An urgent need for the deconfliction in Russia – NATO interaction is stated.
Latin America: The Road to Coronacrisis
Authors: Yakovleva N. M. , Yakovlev P. P.
Published: November 2020

Among all the regions of the world, Latin America has been the most vulnerable to the spread of the coronavirus epidemic. The COVID-19 pandemic not only exposed the weaknesses of national health systems, but also served as a catalyst for the crisis socio-economic phenomena that have developed in the region over the past decade. The impact of the pandemic should serve Latin America as a clear lesson and motivate the local political and business establishment to make a significant adjustment to the content of the regional development strategy. It is logical, in our opinion, to raise the question of rethinking the role of the state in public life, the development of a modern, meeting the requirements of the moment, the Latin American concept of epidemiological and socio-economic security. In the post-covid period, at the center of public attention and targeted government efforts ought to be the challenges of radically improving health care through the priority development of those sectors of the economy that can provide diversification and, as a result, increase the level of crisis-sustainability of Latin American states. First of all, they should focus on the manufacturing industry, including the production of a wide range of medicines and equipment, as well as the sectors that ensure the development and modernization of socio-economic infrastructure: utilities, transport, alternative energy, telecommunications. In the field of international relations, the importance of cooperation with those States that have pioneered the development of COVID-19 coronavirus vaccines has increased significantly. In this context, it must be mentioned the interest that the registration in the Russian Federation of the first domestic vaccine Sputnik V provoked in Latin America.
United States: “National Egoism” Policy under the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lebedeva L. F.
Published: November 2020

The rising “national egoism” in the US economic policy has been taken place since D. Trump’s inauguration (January 20, 2017), with focus on protectionist measures, priorities for domestic production; on encouraging US companies to invest at home instead of foreign markets; control the fields of foreign investors in the American economy, etc. Covid-19 pandemic seems to have a massive impact on global diffusion of “national egoism” practices, making states more isolationist. The outbreak of the coronavirus has already become an important factor of influence on the national economies and relations between them. The article reviews the ways COVID 19 pandemic is intensifying the economic policies of President D. Trump based on nationalism, pointing out the trade and investment restrictions, their global effects. In light of the uncertainty about the pandemic’s duration and its economic impact, the paper is focusing on the immediate and more long-term global consequences of the US economic policy. All sorts of US government policy innovations during Trump’s presidency, including imposing and threatening to impose sanctions (which become usual, as to the US policy, before pandemic), tariff protections have their effects, spreading around the globe. Most of the new policies have become even more important under coronavirus pandemic, particularly concerning major strategic competitors of the United States. The American approaches to developing new rules and updating existing ones for the international connections, new import and export control actions are designed to promote economic objectives and political objectives as well. Being a powerful political and economic actor US have many instruments to influence the relations between countries. At the same time reinforced “national egoism” practices can make the economic and international trade recovery even more sluggish in the post – pandemic world.
Struktur dan Fungsi Sosial dalam Ungkapan Larangan Melaut dan Bertani di Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan
Authors: Utami Intan Sri , Zulfadhli Zulfadhli
Published: November 2020

This study aims to describe the social structure and function of people's beliefs, expressions of the prohibition of livelihoods and social relations about fishing and farming in the Kanagarian Kapuh Kecamatan Koto XI Tarusan Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan Regency. This type of research is a qualitative research with descriptive methods. The data of this study are the people's belief in expressions of prohibition of livelihoods and social relations between going to sea and farming in the Kanagarian Kapuh Kecamatan Koto XI Tarusan Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan. Data is collected from informants through recording techniques of prohibition, recording, observation, and interview. Based on the results of research and discussion that has been done it can be concluded that; (1) The structure of popular belief expressions prohibition is divided into two, namely the structure of two parts and the structure of three parts; (2) The social function of popular belief expressions prohibition is divided into four parts, namely, functioning as a thickening of religious emotions, functioning as a projection system, functioning as prohibiting, and functioning as educating.
A atuação dos conselheiros de educação para o fortalecimento da gestão democrática
Authors: Farias Elioenai Santos de Santana , Vieira Emilia Peixoto
Published: November 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a função e a atuação dos conselheiros de educação, visando o fortalecimento da gestão democrática da educação de um Sistema Municipal de Ensino (SME). Apresenta desde a institucionalização dos conselhos à atuação dos conselheiros, evidenciando os desafios para o acompanhamento da política educacional em um município na região sul da Bahia. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida numa perspectiva histórica e dialética, considerando a compreensão do universal e do particular, em uma relação do todo com as partes. No percurso metodológico utilizou-se da Pesquisa-Ação defendida por Thiollent (2011). Os resultados da pesquisa assinalam que há desafios aos conselheiros de educação na condução de sua função no órgão, como a necessidade de conhecimento da lei e, portanto, de estudo da legislação educacional nacional e local. Ações conjuntas entre os conselhos de educação podem auxiliar a formação de conselheiros e a publicização das funções dos conselhos municipais de educação.
PERORAL ENDOSCOPIC MYOTOMY IN TREATMENT OF THE ESOPHAGEAL ACHALASIA AT CHILDREN
Authors:   Irkutsk City Ivano-Matreninskaya Children's Clinical Hospital, Irkutsk, Russia, Kozlov Yu.A. ,   Irkutsk State Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Irkutsk, Russia,   Irkutsk State Medical University, Irkutsk, Russia, Smirnov A.A. ,   Academician I.P. Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Rasputin A.A. ,   Irkutsk City Ivano-Matreninskaya Children's Clinical Hospital, Irkutsk, Russia, Baradieva P.A. ,   Irkutsk City Ivano-Matreninskaya Children's Clinical Hospital, Irkutsk, Russia, Kovalkov K.A. ,   Kemerovo City Children’s Clinical Hospital, Kemerovo, Russia, Ochirov Ch.B. ,   Irkutsk City Ivano-Matreninskaya Children's Clinical Hospital, Irkutsk, Russia, Chubko D.M. ,   Krasnoyarsk Regional Clinical Center for Maternal and Child Welfare, Krasnoyarsk, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, Kapuller V.M. ,   Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
Published: November 2020

Etiological treatment of esophageal achalasia are absent. None of the currently available treatment methods can restore normal esophageal peristalsis and the functionality of the lower esophageal sphincter, thereby alleviating dysphagia and other symptoms of achalasia. Therapeutic procedures currently used for the effective treatment of achalasia of the esophagus are represented by laparoscopic Heller's myotomy and endoscopic balloon dilatation of the esophagus. According to the literature, Heller's myotomy is considered as a method of choice in children, since it provides more reliable results in comparison with pneumatic expansion during prolonged observation. Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is a new endoscopic method for the treatment of esophageal achalasia, first reported by P. Pasricha in experiment, and then H. Inoue performed this operation in adult patients. There are only a few studies on the use of POEM in children and adolescents. Existing studies have demonstrated the feasibility of this procedure in children, low level of complications and excellent results with short-term observation. Several studies have reported high efficacy in the use of POEM in children, ranging from 90% to 100%. Reports of the occurrence of complications after POEM in children are sporadic and are represented by the formation of subcutaneous emphysema, carboperitoneum, retroperitoneum and mediastinal emphysema. Obviously, detailed studies with longer observation are required before the role of POEM in the treatment of esophageal achalasia in children can be established. If preliminary results are confirmed, POEM can be a real alternative to Heller's myotomy in pediatric patients. This study is intended to explore the potential and safety of the use of POEM for the treatment of achalasia in children based on a review of existing data in the scientific literature.
SKIN LESIONS IN CHILDREN WITH COVID-19-ASSOCIATED MULTISYSTEM INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME
Authors:   Z.A. Bashlyaeva Children’s City Clinical Hospital (I.M. Osmanov, Managing Director, Prof.), Moscow, Russia, Tamrazova O.B. ,   People’s Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia, Osmanov I.M. ,   Z.A. Bashlyaeva Children’s City Clinical Hospital (I.M. Osmanov, Managing Director, Prof.), Moscow, Russia, Stadnikova A.S. ,   Z.A. Bashlyaeva Children’s City Clinical Hospital (I.M. Osmanov, Managing Director, Prof.), Moscow, Russia, Mazankova L.N. ,   Z.A. Bashlyaeva Children’s City Clinical Hospital (I.M. Osmanov, Managing Director, Prof.), Moscow, Russia,   Russian Medical Academy for Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia, Samitova E.R. ,   Z.A. Bashlyaeva Children’s City Clinical Hospital (I.M. Osmanov, Managing Director, Prof.), Moscow, Russia,   Russian Medical Academy for Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia, Rodionovskaya S.R. ,   Academy of Postgraduate Education with the Federal Research and Clinical Center of the Russian Federal Biomedical Agency, Moscow, Russia, Akimkin V.G. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia, Antsupova M.A. ,   Z.A. Bashlyaeva Children’s City Clinical Hospital (I.M. Osmanov, Managing Director, Prof.), Moscow, Russia, Ploskireva A.A. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia
Published: November 2020

The pandemic of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, continues to develop. The first data indicated that children tolerate this infection much easier than adults, the disease course is generally asymptomatic and mild. Chinese, American and European scientists described a variety of skin manifestations in children with COVID-19 coronavirus infection. The article presents literature data on skin manifestations in children, characteristic for COVID-19. In April 2020, the description of a new severe inflammatory syndrome in children associated with SARS-CoV-2, called multisystem inflammation syndrome (MIS), appeared for the first time. The article presents literature data on MIS clinical manifestations and its incidence. The authors describe clinical observation of MIS development in a 7-year-old child with COVID-19 and with lesions of the skin and mucous membranes.
CHIKUNGUNYA FEVER IN A CHILD AFTER VISITING THAILAND
Authors:   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Sayfullin M.A. ,   National Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya, Moscow, Russia, Zvereva N.N. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Pylaeva E.Yu. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Smetanina S.V. ,   Moscow Infectious Clinical Hospital No. 1 of the Moscow Department of Healthcare, Moscow, Russia, Larichev V.Ph. ,   National Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya, Moscow, Russia, Karan L.S. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia, Butenko A.M. ,   National Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya, Moscow, Russia
Published: November 2020

Chikungunya fever (CF) is an acute vector-borne disease common in countries with tropical climates. Over the past decade, the range has expanded due to the transfer of the virus to the Western hemisphere. In children, the disease occurs with a greater frequency of damage to the nervous system, the development of hemorrhagic syndrome. Severe forms of CF develop during intranatal infection. The article presents clinical and catamnestic observation, an assessment of laboratory data of a 14-year-old child who fell ill with CF while visiting Thailand. A review of the literature on the CF course peculiarities in childhood is given. Due to increased travel to tropical countries in recent years, the number of imported diseases, including arbovirus fevers, has increased; age composition of patients has expanded, including children. Information about this pathology is necessary for pediatricians and infectious disease specialists.
EFFECTIVENESS OF NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT IN YOUNG CHILD WITH SEVERE INTESTINAL INFECTION
Authors:   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Gadzhimaeva M.A. ,   G.N. Speransky City Children’s Hospital No. 9, Moscow, Russia, Erpuleva Y.W. ,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia,   G.N. Speransky City Children’s Hospital No. 9, Moscow, Russia, Korsunskiy A.A. ,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia,   G.N. Speransky City Children’s Hospital No. 9, Moscow, Russia, Ilyina N.O. ,   G.N. Speransky City Children’s Hospital No. 9, Moscow, Russia, Rossina A.L. ,   G.N. Speransky City Children’s Hospital No. 9, Moscow, Russia, Kondratenko N.V. ,   G.N. Speransky City Children’s Hospital No. 9, Moscow, Russia
Published: November 2020

The article presents a clinical observation of a child with severe, combined bacterial (opportunistic flora-associated) adenoviral intestinal infection characterized by symptoms of intoxication, gastrointestinal manifestations, symptoms of 1st and 2nd degree exicosis (vomiting, lethargy, weakness, dry skin and mucous membranes, soft tissue turgor decrease, tachycardia, a decrease in urine output), with the development of digestion and absorption disorders; laboratory changes in the protein status and electrolyte disorders. Positive treatment result, confirmed by clinical data and laboratory tests, allows to speak confidently about the effectiveness of nutritional support using enteral and parenteral nutrition.
Innovation Performance in EU and Slovakia
Authors: Barbušová Miroslava , Dulina Ľuboslav , Bigošová Eleonóra , Rolinčinová Iveta
Published: November 2020

The article focuses on the innovative results of the European Union and Slovakia and their subsequent comparison. In developed economies, innovation is the main driver of achieving the competitiveness of society as well as countries. Achieving the economic development of society and countries requires radical innovations that change habits and have an impact on job creation and regional development. This article helps improve tracking of innovation performance issues.
Průmysl 4.0 a modifikace studijních programů na Fakultě strojní ZČU Plzeň
Authors: Basl Josef , Milan Edl
Published: November 2020

Příspěvek se zabývá tématikou průmyslu 4.0 a jejím využitím v rámci přípravy a výuky studentů Fakulty strojní ZČU Plzeň. Představuje směry dalšího rozvoje, který se promítá do modifikace předmětů a formulaci nového studijního programu „Inteligentní výrobní systémy“. Tato aktivita fakulty využívá výstupy projektu TL 01000081 financovaného Technologickou agenturou České republiky s názvem „Proměna role vysoké školy a inovace studijních programů v rámci fenoménu 4.0 v oblastech strojních, pedagogických a zdravotnických“.