bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel xenonucleic acid-mediated molecular clamping technology for early colorectal cancer screening
Authors: Sun Qing , Pastor Larry , Du Jinwei , Powell Michael J. , Zhang Aiguo , Bodmer Walter , Wu Jianzhong , Zheng Shu , Sha Michael Y.
Published: October 2021

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. Early detection is critical to reduce CRC morbidity and mortality. In order to meet this need, we developed a molecular clamping assay called the ColoScape TM assay for early colorectal cancer diagnostics.

Methods

Nineteen mutations in four genes (APC, KRAS, BRAF and CTNNB1) associated with early events in CRC pathogenesis are targeted in the ColoScapeTM assay. Xenonucleic Acid (XNA)-mediated qPCR clamping technology was applied to minimize the wild-type background amplification in order to improve assay sensitivity of CRC mutation detection. The assay analytical performance was verified and validated, cfDNA and FFPE CRC patient samples were evaluated, and an ROC curve was applied to evaluate its performance.

Results

The data showed that the assay analytical sensitivity was 0.5% Variant Allele Frequency, corresponding to ~7–8 copies of mutant DNA with 5 ng total DNA input per test. This assay is highly reproducible with intra-assay CV of <3% and inter-assay CV of <5%. We have investigated 380 clinical samples including plasma cfDNA and FFPE samples from patients with precancerous and different stages of CRC. The preliminary assay clinical specificity and sensitivity for CRC cfDNA were: 100% (95% CI, 80.3–97.5%) and 92.2% (95% CI, 94.7–100%), respectively, with AUC of 0.96; 96% specificity (95% CI, 77.6–99.7%) and 92% sensitivity (95% CI, 86.1–95.6%) with AUC of 0.94 for CRC FFPE; 95% specificity (95% CI, 82.5%–99.1%) and 62.5% sensitivity (95% CI, 35.8%–83.7%) with AUC of 0.79 for precancerous lesions cfDNA.

Conclusions

The XNA-mediated molecular clamping assay is a rapid, precise, and sensitive assay for the detection of precancerous lesions cfDNA and CRC cfDNA or FFPE samples.
Changes in hunting season regulations (1870s–2019) reduce harvest exposure on greater and Gunnison sage-grouse
Authors: Dinkins Jonathan B. , Duchardt Courtney J. , Hennig Jacob D. , Beck Jeffrey L.
Published: October 2021

Hunter harvest is a potential factor contributing to population declines of sage-grouse (Centrocercus spp.). As a result, wildlife agencies throughout western North America have set increasingly more conservative harvest regulations over the past 25 years to reduce or eliminate hunter success and concomitant numbers of harvested greater (C.urophasianus) and Gunnison (C.minimus) sage-grouse. Sage-grouse hunting has varied widely over time and space, which has made a comprehensive summary of hunting management challenging. We compiled data on harvest regulations among 11 western U.S. states and 2 Canadian provinces from 1870–2019 to create a timeline representative of hunting regulations. We compared annual harvest boundaries and area-weighted average hunting regulations, 1995–2018, relative to administrative boundaries and areas of high probability of sage-grouse occupation. We also summarized estimated numbers of birds harvested and hunters afield, 1995–2018, across both species’ ranges. From 1995–2018, there was a 30% reduction in administrative harvest boundaries across the greater sage-grouse range compared to a 16.6% reduction in area open to harvest within 8 km from active leks. Temporary closures occurred in response to wildfires, disease outbreaks, low population numbers, and two research projects; whereas, permanent closures primarily occurred in small populations and areas on the periphery of the species distribution. Similarly, area-weighted possession limits and season length for greater sage-grouse decreased 52.6% and 61.0%, respectively, while season start date stayed relatively stable (mean start date ~259 [mid-September]). In contrast, hunting of the now federally-threatened Gunnison sage-grouse ended after 1999. While restrictions in harvest regulations were large in area, closures near areas of high greater sage-grouse occupancy were relatively smaller with the same trend for Gunnison sage-grouse until hunting ceased. For greater sage-grouse, most states reduced bag and possession limits and appeared to adhere to recommendations for later and shorter hunting seasons, reducing potential for additive mortality.
Beyond words: From jaguar population trends to conservation and public policy in Mexico
Authors: Ceballos Gerardo , Zarza Heliot , González-Maya José F. , de la Torre J. Antonio , Arias-Alzate Andrés , Alcerreca Carlos , Barcenas Horacio V. , Carreón-Arroyo Gerardo , Chávez Cuauhtémoc , Cruz Carlos , Medellín Daniela , García Andres , Antonio-García Marco , Lazcano-Barrero Marco A. , Medellín Rodrigo A. , Moctezuma-Orozco Oscar , Ruiz Fernando , Rubio Yamel , Luja Victor H. , Torres-Romero Erik Joaquín
Published: October 2021

The jaguar (Panthera onca) is one of the most threatened carnivores in the Americas. Despite a long history of research on this charismatic species, to date there have been few systematic efforts to assess its population size and status in most countries across its distribution range. We present here the results of the two National Jaguar Surveys for Mexico, the first national censuses in any country within the species distribution. We estimated jaguar densities from field data collected at 13 localities in 2008–2010 (2010 hereafter) and 11 localities in 2016–2018 (2018 hereafter). We used the 2010 census results as the basis to develop a National Jaguar Conservation Strategy that identified critical issues for jaguar conservation in Mexico. We worked with the Mexican government to implement the conservation strategy and then evaluated its effectivity. To compare the 2010 and 2018 results, we estimated the amount of jaguar-suitable habitat in the entire country based on an ecological niche model for both periods. Suitable jaguar habitat covered ~267,063 km2(13.9% of the country’s territory) in 2010 and ~ 288,890 km2(~14.8% of the country’s territory) in 2018. Using the most conservative density values for each priority region, we estimated jaguar densities for both the high and low suitable habitats. The total jaguar population was estimated in ~4,000 individuals for 2010 census and ~4,800 for the 2018 census. The Yucatan Peninsula was the region with the largest population, around 2000 jaguars, in both censuses. Our promising results indicate that the actions we proposed in the National Jaguar Conservation Strategy, some of which have been implemented working together with the Federal Government, other NGO’s, and land owners, are improving jaguar conservation in Mexico. The continuation of surveys and monitoring programs of the jaguar populations in Mexico will provide accurate information to design and implement effective, science-based conservation measures to try to ensure that robust jaguar populations remain a permanent fixture of Mexico’s natural heritage.
A qualitative exploration of interactional and organizational determinants of collaboration in cancer palliative care settings: Family members’, health care professionals’ and key informants’ perspectives
Authors: Bennardi Marco , Diviani Nicola , Stüssi Georg , Saletti Piercarlo , Gamondi Claudia , Cinesi Ivan , Rubinelli Sara
Published: October 2021

As life expectancy has increased, a growing number of people experience conditions, including cancers, that carry complex health and social needs. Palliative care services have the potential to address these needs but face significant obstacles. One major obstacle is suboptimal interprofessional collaboration. This study’s goal was an in-depth exploration of interactional and organizational barriers and supports of collaboration in palliative care in Switzerland. We sought the perspectives of health care professionals, patients’ family members and leaders and experts in oncology/palliative care delivery (key informants) through interviews and focus groups with fifty HPs and key informants and ten patients’ family members. Qualitative analyses of interviews and focus groups used framework analysis. We identified three major themes of interaction: personal characteristics, communication, and connectedness with other health care professionals; and three major organizational themes: service characteristics, standardized communication and processes, and service coordination and promotion. Based on our findings, we recommend that health care professionals consider strategies to increase their collaboration and communication skills and opportunities to interact. We advocate the implementation of methods for coordinating services, standardization of consultation/referral procedures and communication between health care professionals, and the promotion of underutilized services to foster successful, sustainable collaboration.
COVID-19 pandemic preparedness period through healthcare workers’ eyes: A qualitative study from a Romanian healthcare facility
Authors: Stoichitoiu Laura Elena , Baicus Cristian
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Healthcare providers represent a limited resource, and their mental health is crucial for patient care and for ensuring containment of the pandemics. We aimed to explore how healthcare workers experienced the preparedness period of COVID-19 pandemic, in order to ascertain the perceived weaknesses and strengths.

Methods

Interviews were conducted with 17 participants encompassing senior physicians, residents, and nurses. They were audio-recorded, and the transcription was verbatim. We used thematic analysis.

Results

We identified four themes, with subsequent subthemes: dealing with the unknown, human versus doctors, sense of helplessness, and a bridge to heaven, which explore how healthcare workers experienced the lack of knowledge, their feeling of losing control, and how they managed their internal fights. The disappointment provoked by the authorities and their colleagues was further evaluated. We identified factors involved in their well-being.

Conclusions

COVID-19 pandemic represented and will still pose a challenge for healthcare workers (HCWs) from all over the world. They felt unprepared for such a crisis. Further measures should be implemented in every hospital to maintain HCWs awareness and to prevent physical imbalance. Appropriate standards of care should be further stated by the authorities so that the healthcare providers may find easier a balance between their safety and their patients’ needs. Conducting qualitative research involving HCWs during pandemic times may help in informing more significant policy decisions.
Humoral response after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in dialysis patients: Integrating anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike-Protein-RBD antibody monitoring to manage dialysis centers in pandemic times
Authors: Bachelet Thomas , Bourdenx Jean-Philippe , Martinez Charlie , Mucha Simon , Martin-Dupont Philippe , Perier Valerie , Pommereau Antoine
Published: October 2021

Dialysis patients are both the most likely to benefit from vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 and at the highest risk of not developing an immune response. Data from the medical field are thus mandatory. We report our experience with a BNT162b2-mRNA vaccine in a retrospective analysis of 241 dialysis patients including 193 who underwent anti-Spike-Protein-Receptor-Binding-Domain (RBD) IgG analysis. We show that a pro-active vaccine campaign is effective in convincing most patients to be vaccinated (95%) and frequently elicits a specific antibody response (94.3% after two doses and 98.4% after three doses). Only immunocompromised Status is associated with lack of seroconversion (OR 7.6 [1.5–38.2], p = 0.02). We also identify factors associated with low response (last quartile; IgG<500AU/mL): immunocompromised status, age, absence of RAAS inhibitors, low lymphocytes count, high C Reactive Protein; and with high response (high quartile; IgG>7000AU/mL): age; previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and active Cancer. From this experience, we propose a strategy integrating anti-spike IgG monitoring to guide revaccination and dialysis center management in pandemic times.
COVID-19 in lung transplant recipients—Risk prediction and outcomes
Authors: Kamp Jan C. , Hinrichs Jan B. , Fuge Jan , Ewen Raphael , Gottlieb Jens
Published: October 2021

Patients after lung transplantation are at risk for life-threatening infections. Recently, several publications on COVID-19 outcomes in this patient population appeared, but knowledge on optimal treatment, mortality, outcomes, and appropriate risk predictors is limited. A retrospective analysis was performed in a German high-volume lung transplant center between 19th March 2020 and 18th May 2021. Impact of COVID-19 on physical and psychological health, clinical outcomes, and mortality were analyzed including follow-up visits up to 12 weeks after infection in survivors. Predictive parameters on survival were assessed using univariate and multivariate proportional hazards regression models. Out of 1,046 patients in follow-up, 31 acquired COVID-19 during the pandemic. 12 of 31 (39%) died and 26 (84%) were hospitalized. In survivors a significant decline in exercise capacity (p = 0.034), TLC (p = 0.02), and DLCO (p = 0.007) was observed at follow-up after 3 months. Anxiety, depression, and self-assessed quality of life remained stable. Charlson comorbidity index predicted mortality (HR 1.5, 1.1–2.2; p = 0.023). In recipients with pre-existing CLAD, mortality and clinical outcomes were inferior. However, pre-existing CLAD did not predict mortality. COVID-19 remains a life-threatening disease for lung transplant recipients, particularly in case comorbidities. Further studies on long term outcomes and impact on pre-existing CLAD are needed.
Burnout, does the university entrance test failing attribute? A Bangladeshi exploratory study
Authors: Mamun Mohammed A. , Safiq Mariam Binte , Hosen Ismail , al Mamun Firoj
Published: October 2021

Getting admission into a university is highly competitive globally and can be regarded as a mental stressor for some individuals. In Bangladesh, most of the universities allow students to repeat the test, whereas repeat test-taking students are supposed to suffer from psychological issues like burnout because of academic non-achievement in their first attempt. But there is no prior study assessing burnout to the population, which was investigated herein. A cross-sectional study was carried out among a total of 911 Bangladeshi university entrance test-taking students (i.e., 49.5% first-time test-takers). The survey measures included socio-demographics, admission-related issues, and mental health problems (depression, anxiety, and burnout). Of the mental health problems, depression, anxiety, and burnout were assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7), and Maslach Burnout Inventory—Student Survey (MBI–SS), respectively. In light of two-dimensional and three-dimensional cutoff schemes of the MBI—SS, about 43.7% and 17.3% of the test-taking students, respectively, were classified to be burnout in the total sample. Additionally, 48.1%, 71.4%, and 49.1% of the students in the total sample reported higher emotional exhaustion, higher cynicism, and lower academic efficacy, respectively. In respect to the student status, two-dimensional burnout (48.0% vs. 39.2%; χ2 = 7.164, p = 0.007), and emotional exhaustion (52.2% vs. 43.9%, χ2 = 6.789, p = 0.034) were significantly higher among the repeat test-taking students. Satisfaction with previous mock tests, depression, and anxiety were the associated factors of burnout in all three samples. Based on the present study, it can be concluded that the university entrance test appearing students are highly prevalent to burnout, and the rate increases with academic non-achievement. As the first study assessing burnout to the population, the findings are anticipated to be helpful for policymaking and further studies both inside and outside Bangladesh.
Impact of the stringency of lockdown measures on covid-19: A theoretical model of a pandemic
Authors: Violato Claudio , Violato Emilio Mauro , Violato Efrem Mauro
Published: October 2021

Background

How effective have lockdowns been at reducing the covid-19 infection and mortality rates? Lockdowns influence contact among persons within or between populations including restricting travel, closing schools, prohibiting public gatherings, requiring workplace closures, all designed to slow the contagion of the virus. The purpose of the present study was to assess the impact of lockdown measures on the spread of covid-19 and test a theoretical model of the covid-19 pandemic employing structural equation modelling.

Methods

Lockdown variables, population demographics, mortality rates, infection rates, and health were obtained for eight countries: Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, and the United Kingdom. The dataset, owid-covid-data.csv, was downloaded on 06/01/2020 from: https://github.com/owid/covid-19-data/tree/master/public/data. Infection spread and mortality data were depicted as logistic growth and analyzed with stepwise multiple regression. The overall structure of the covid-19 data was explored through factor analyses leading to a theoretical model that was tested using latent variable path analysis.

Results

Multiple regression indicated that the time from lockdown had a small but significant effect (β = 0.112, p< 0.01) on reducing the number of cases per million. The stringency index produced the most important effect for mortality and infection rates (β = 0.588,β = 0.702, β = 0.518, β = 0.681; p< 0.01). Exploratory and confirmatory analyses resulted in meaningful and cohesive latent variables: 1) Mortality, 2) Infection Spread, 3) Pop Health Risk, and 4) Health Vulnerability (Comparative Fit Index = 0.91; Standardized Root Mean Square Residual = 0.08).

Discussion

The stringency index had a large impact on the growth of covid-19 infection and mortality rates as did percentage of population aged over 65, median age, per capita GDP, diabetes prevalence, cardiovascular death rates, and ICU hospital beds per 100K. The overall Latent Variable Path Analysis is theoretically meaningful and coherent with acceptable fit indices as a model of the covid-19 pandemic.
The cross-talk between matrix metalloproteinase-9, RANKL/OPG system and cardiovascular risk factors in ovariectomized rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis
Authors: Sabry Maha , Mostafa Seham , Kamar Samaa , Rashed Laila , Estaphan Suzanne
Published: October 2021

Epidemiology and pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and osteoporosis are strikingly overlapping. This study presents matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), as a simple molecular link more consistently associated with the pathophysiology of both osteoporosis and CVD risk factors. 40 adult female rats were randomly distributed into 4 groups [control sham-operated, untreated osteoporosis, carvedilol-treated osteoporosis and alendronate-treated osteoporosis]. After 8 weeks, blood samples were collected to estimate Lipid profile (Total cholesterol, HDL, Triglycerides), inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF alpha, CRP and NO), and Bone turnover markers (BTM) (Alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin and pyridinoline). The tibias were dissected to estimate MMP-9 and NF-kB gene expression, OPG, RANKL levels and for histological examination. Induction of osteoporosis resulted in a significant elevation in BTM, inflammatory markers and dyslipidemia. MMP-9 was significantly elevated and positively correlated with BTM, inflammation and dyslipidemia markers. Carvedilol and alendronate exerted a bone preservative role and attenuated dyslipidaemia and inflammation in accordance with their respective effect on MMP-9.
Three year clinical outcomes in a nationwide, observational, siteless clinical trial of atrial fibrillation screening—mHealth Screening to Prevent Strokes (mSToPS)
Authors: Steinhubl Steven R. , Waalen Jill , Sanyal Anirudh , Edwards Alison M. , Ariniello Lauren M. , Ebner Gail S. , Baca-Motes Katie , Zambon Robert A. , Sarich Troy , Topol Eric J.
Published: October 2021

Background

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is common, often without symptoms, and is an independent risk factor for mortality, stroke and heart failure. It is unknown if screening asymptomatic individuals for AF can improve clinical outcomes.

Methods

mSToPS was a pragmatic, direct-to-participant trial that randomized individuals from a single US-wide health plan to either immediate or delayed screening using a continuous-recording ECG patch to be worn for two weeks and 2 occasions, ~3 months apart, to potentially detect undiagnosed AF. The 3-year outcomes component of the trial was designed to compare clinical outcomes in the combined cohort of 1718 individuals who underwent monitoring and 3371 matched observational controls. The prespecified primary outcome was the time to first event of the combined endpoint of death, stroke, systemic embolism, or myocardial infarction among individuals with a new AF diagnosis, which was hypothesized to be the same in the two cohorts but was not realized.

Results

Over the 3 years following the initiation of screening (mean follow-up 29 months), AF was newly diagnosed in 11.4% (n = 196) of screened participants versus 7.7% (n = 261) of observational controls (p<0.01). Among the screened cohort with incident AF, one-third were diagnosed through screening. For all individuals whose AF was first diagnosed clinically, a clinical event was common in the 4 weeks surrounding that diagnosis: 6.6% experienced a stroke,10.2% were newly diagnosed with heart failure, 9.2% had a myocardial infarction, and 1.5% systemic emboli. Cumulatively, 42.9% were hospitalized. For those diagnosed via screening, none experienced a stroke, myocardial infarction or systemic emboli in the period surrounding their AF diagnosis, and only 1 person (2.3%) had a new diagnosis of heart failure. Incidence rate of the prespecified combined primary endpoint was 3.6 per 100 person-years among the actively monitored cohort and 4.5 per 100 person-years in the observational controls.

Conclusions

At 3 years, screening for AF was associated with a lower rate of clinical events and improved outcomes relative to a matched cohort, although the influence of earlier diagnosis of AF via screening on this finding is unclear. These observational data, including the high event rate surrounding a new clinical diagnosis of AF, support the need for randomized trials to determine whether screening for AF will yield a meaningful protection from strokes and other clinical events.

Trail registration

The mHealth Screening To Prevent Strokes (mSToPS) Trial is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov with the identifier NCT02506244.
El victimario como sujeto de dolor. La figurabilidad del perpetrador en la película documental chilena “El Mocito” (2011)
Authors: Faure Bascur Eyleen
Published: October 2021

Este artículo analiza la figurabilidad del perpetrador en la película documental “El Mocito” de Marcela Said y Jean De Certeau (2011). Se ha seguido la propuesta teórico-metodológica de L. Zylberman para el análisis de las representaciones de los victimarios en el documental, basada en la observación de las formas y modalidades bajo las cuales aparecen estos actores. Se analiza, en primer lugar, el ámbito narrativo de la película, correspondiente a la forma, para luego profundizar en la modalidad de aparición del sujeto victimario, al poner en relieve algunos aspectos del desarrollo de este personaje. Se concluye que en la película se elabora una representación del victimario que, por estar centrada en la vulnerabilidad extrema del sujeto, elude la discusión acerca de su responsabilidad, al ofrecer un retrato reduccionista del protagonista (Jorgelino Vergara, “El Mocito”), enfocado en los estragos que el régimen ha producido en su vida. Esta ambigüedad respecto a la cuestión de la responsabilidad se cimenta en un vaciamiento de la subjetividad del personaje, de su posible ideología y agencia, y en la elaboración de un arco narrativo en el que predominan los sentidos religiosos confesionales.
Testamento de un sueño
Authors: Hernández-Salazar Daniel
Published: October 2021

“Testamento de un sueño” es una serie de fotografías en torno al juicio por genocidio al General Efraín Ríos Montt realizada por el fotógrafo guatemalteco Daniel Hernández-Salazar.
Perpetradores de crímenes de masas a la luz de la imagen. A modo de introducción
Authors: Sánchez-Biosca Vicente , Zylberman Lior
Published: October 2021

Este texto presenta el número monográfico “Perpetradores de crímenes de masas e imagen. Miradas, identidades, testimonios”. El número se enmarca dentro de los “estudios sobre perpetradores”, campo de investigación que se ha consolidado en los últimos años, y tiene como objetivo reflexionar en torno a la imagen; en otras palabras, ofrecer un aporte al campo de estudio a partir del análisis de las imágenes. Asimismo, la propuesta del monográfico residió en aportar al debate sobre la temática desde, y a partir de casos de, Iberoamérica. El número cuenta con las contribuciones de Mariana Giordano, Lior Zylberman y Adriana Taboada, Eyleen Faure Bascur, Vicente Sánchez-Biosca, y Eduardo Morettin, Marcos Napolitano y Fernando Seliprandy, a las que se les suma —en la sección Papeles Críticos— los trabajos de Mariana Wikinski, Juanjo Monsell, y Violeta Ros, así como una exposición online del fotógrafo guatemalteco Daniel Hernández-Salazar.
Efficacy of bubaline blood derived fibrin glue in silk ligature-induced acute periodontitis in Wistar rats
Authors: Banyatworakul Poranee , Pirarat Nopadon , Sirisawadi Sujin , Osathanon Thanaphum , Kalpravidh Chanin
Published: October 2021

Background and Aim: Fibrin forms in the coagulation process, enhancing local hemostatic properties and promoting wound healing. The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of bubaline-derived fibrin glue in silk ligature-induced periodontitis rats.

Materials and Methods: Bubaline blood–derived fibrin glue was prepared using cryoprecipitation and cryocentrifugation. Periodontitis was induced in rats by placing 5-0 silk ligatures around the mandibular first molars. The animals were divided into two groups: (1) Non-treatment and (2) bubaline fibrin glue–treated groups. Plaque, gingival inflammation, and mobility index were scored on days 1, 7, and 14 after intervention. Histological examinations were performed. The mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines and growth factors was evaluated using a real-time polymerase chain reaction. Ligature-induced periodontitis was confirmed by the increase in inflammatory cell infiltration as well as histological bone and attachment loss.

Results: Compared to the non-treatment group, bubaline fibrin glue application reduced mononuclear cell infiltration into periodontal tissues corresponding to the reduction of collagen destruction. On days 7 and 14 after intervention, the inflammatory score and histological attachment loss were significantly lower in the bubaline fibrin glue–treated group than in the non-treatment group. A significant reduction in histological bone loss was observed in the treated group on day 7. Bubaline fibrin glue application led to a significant reduction of Tnfa and Il1b mRNA levels, while an increased expression of Pdgfa, Tgfb1, and Il10 was observed compared with the control.

Conclusion: Bubaline fibrin glue could be beneficial in periodontitis treatment aiming to reduce inflammation and delay the progression of periodontal disease.
Book Metadata for an Open Access World
Authors: Tscheke Nina , Dawson Stephanie
Published: October 2021

Most book and monograph publications still lack visibility within an electronic environment due to missing digitalized and persistent bibliographic data and/or fragmentary portability or interoperability based on the variety of formats, resulting in a more error-prone, non-standardized communication between various indexing systems and platforms. But books that cannot be discovered will not be read. OA metadata for books is essential for the transformation of the whole scholarly landscape, and one of its greatest advantages is full, immediate accessibility.
1

The point of origin for the OA META project was the realization that available book metadata (i.e. ONIX/MARC records) was not primarily created for the usage of indexing within an electronic research environment. Consequentially, both detail and focus of elements tagged in datasets are not necessarily selected to output solidified and persistent book records. The question was how to enrich or edit available metadata so that it can unfold its greatest impact in an e-context.
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis–Associated Cholangiocarcinoma Demonstrates High Intertumor and Intratumor Heterogeneity
Authors: Kamp Eline J.C.A. , Peppelenbosch Maikel P. , Doukas Michail , Verheij Joanne , Ponsioen Cyriel Y. , van Marion Ronald , Bruno Marco J. , Groot Koerkamp Bas , Dinjens Winand N.M. , de Vries Annemarie C.
Published: October 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Intertumor and intratumor heterogeneity may explain the diagnostic challenge and limited efficacy of chemotherapy for primary sclerosing cholangitis–associated cholangiocarcinoma (PSC-CCA). In this study, tumor heterogeneity was assessed through p53 and p16 protein expression analysis and next-generation sequencing (NGS) of TP53 and CDKN2A genetic alterations in PSC-associated CCA.

METHODS:

Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples from resection material of patients with PSC-CCA or patients with PSC diagnosed with biliary dysplasia were selected. Sections with CCA and foci with dysplastic epithelium were identified by 2 independent gastrointestinal pathologists. Immunohistochemical evaluation of p53 and p16 protein expression and NGS of TP53 and CDKN2A genetic alterations were performed.

RESULTS:

A total of 49 CCA and 21 dysplasia samples were identified in the resection specimens of 26 patients. P53 protein expression showed loss of expression, wild type, and overexpression in 14%, 63%, and 23% CCA and in 19%, 62%, and 19% dysplasia samples, respectively. P16 protein expression showed negative, heterogeneous, and positive results in 31%, 57%, and 12% CCA and in 33%, 53%, and 14% dysplasia samples, respectively. NGS showed high intertumor and intratumor heterogeneity of TP53 mutations and CDKN2A loss. Nearly 70% of the samples with a TP53 missense mutation demonstrated p53 overexpression, whereas all samples with a TP53 nonsense mutation demonstrated loss of p53 protein expression.

DISCUSSION:

PSC-associated CCA is characterized by high intertumor and intratumor heterogeneity of both p53/p16 protein expression and genetic alterations in TP53/CDKN2A, indicating that these tumors consist of multiple subclones with substantially different genetic makeup. The high intertumor and intratumor heterogeneity in PSC-CCA should be acknowledged during the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Educating on democracy in a time of environmental disasters
Authors: Wejnert Barbara
Published: October 2021

The recent diffusion of democracy across the globe has led to an increase in the curiosity of scholars, policymakers and the public alike about the main principles and characteristics of democracy. Equally important are concerns over outcomes of democracy, especially responsiveness of democracy to environmental and citizens’ protection in times of disasters. This article aims to answer several questions about the understanding of principles and outcomes of democracy, and the complexity and variability of democracy across countries, which are still unanswered in the literature. Specifically, it adds to the scholarly debates on democracy and environmental disasters in three ways. First, it presents theoretical and empirical debates on definitions and principles of democracy and its progress worldwide. Second, it discusses the effect of democracy on environmental sustainability. Third, it focuses on the pre-eminence of responsiveness of democratic in comparison to non-democratic governments to environmental disasters, and the best pathways to education on democracy in a time of environmental disasters. The article concludes by highlighting the advantage of mechanisms and solutions of democracy in contrast to non-democracy to challenges in times of environmental disasters and to teaching about responses to environmental disasters.
Characterization of the JAR Sealants in the Fluid Collections of the Muséum National D'histoire Naturelle
Authors: Sablier M. , Davron C. , Herbin M.
Published: October 2021

Over the centuries, the composition of jar sealants in natural history museum fluid collections has changed but has not been the subject of extensive documentation. Consequently, it is of paramount interest to increase our knowledge of sealant composition as well as to correlate this information with the date of manufacture and type of preparation. As an initial step towards achieving this goal, an analytical protocol was developed to characterize the composition of sealants encountered in fluid collections of the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN) in Paris. Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were used to investigate the nature of selected jar sealants, and these techniques proved to be efficient for the identification and characterization of waxes and resin additives in sealing samples. First results are very promising; similar examinations should be continued on a large scale for an exhaustive analysis of the MNHN fluid collections.
Indeks Kuning Telur, Indeks Putih Telur dan pH Telur Puyuh Jepang (Coturnix-coturnix japonica L) setelah pencelupan pada air mendidih sebelum penyimpanan
Authors: Djaelani Muhammad Anwar
Published: October 2021

Telur memiliki kandungan gizi yang lengkap mulai dari  protein,  lemak,  vitamin,  dan  mineral.  Telur mengandung bahan organik yang mudah rusak. Salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan rusaknya telur adalah lama waktu penyimpanan . Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis nilai Indeks Kuning Telur (IKT), Indeks Putih Telur (IPT), dan pH telur puyuh Jepang (Coturnix-coturnix japonica L)  setelah pencelupan dengan air mendidih. Sampel yang digunakan adalah telur puyuh yang diambil pada hari keempat peneluran. Sampel berasal dari peternakan di Klaten Jawa Tengah Indonesia. Pada penelitian ini digunakan Rancangan acak  lengkap dengan 5 kelompok perlakuan yaitu P1 kelompok telur,diamati pada hari ke 4.P2 kelompok telur,diamati pada hari ke 18. P3 kelompok telur dicelupkan pada air mendidih selama 5 detik, disimpan dan diamati pada hari ke 18. P4 kelompok telur,diamati pada hari ke 32. P5 kelompok telur dicelupkan pada air mendidih selama 5 detik, disimpan dan diamati pada hari ke 32. Masing- masing kelompok terdiri dari 15 ulangan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dengan taraf signifikansi 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan semua variabel penelitian meenunjukkan penurunan seiring dengan bertambahnya waktu penyimpanan. Penurunan kualitas disebabkan faktor lamanya penyimpanan yang menyebabkan perubahan kondisi telur.
Pertumbuhan Anak Itik Magelang (Anas javanica) Pasca Tetas dari Induk yang Disuplementasi Kurkumin (Curcuma Longa L.) serta Dipajan Cahaya Putih dan Merah
Authors: Albab Luthfiana Ulil , Isdadiyanto Sri , Djaelani Muhammad Anwar
Published: October 2021

Itik magelang merupakan itik lokal yang memiliki prosentase produksi telur  mencapai 80% pada pemeliharaan intensif, untuk meningkatkan produksi telur maka pada penelitian ini itik magelang diberi suplementasi kurkumin serta pajanan cahaya putih dan merah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh pemberian kurkumin serta cahaya putih dan merah pada induk terhadap pertumbuhan anak itik magelang. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang berasal dari 4 induk yang berbeda, yaitu induk A0B0 (kurkumin 0 mg dan cahaya putih),  A0B1 (kurkumin 0 mg dan  cahaya merah), A1B0 (kurkumin 18 mg dan cahaya putih) dan A1B1 (kurkumin 18 mg dan cahaya merah). Masing-masing kelompok induk diambil 5 anak itik betina untuk diukur morfometrinya. Variabel yang diamati berupa morfometri yang terdiri dari pengukuran panjang badan, panjang sayap, dan panjang kaki. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji non parametrik Kruskal Wallis dan diuji lanjut menggunakan uji Mann Whitney-U. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi kurkumin dan pajanan cahaya putih serta merah pada induk secara umum dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan anak itik magelang.
Respon Histologis Hepar Tikus Wistar yang Mengalami Stres Fisiologis setelah Pemberian Pakan dengan Suplementasi Daging Ikan Gabus (Channa striata)
Authors: Nugraheni Beta Cahyaning , Sunarno _ , Mardiati Siti Muflichatun
Published: October 2021

Stres fisiologis karena kekurangan nutrisi yang disertai aktivitas berlebihan dapat menyebabkan kekurangan energi yang dibutuhkan oleh tubuh. Kekurangan energi dapat berpengaruh pada penurunan bobot badan, bobot dan histologi hepar. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis pengaruh suplemen daging ikan gabus terhadap peningkatan bobot badan, bobot dan histologi hepar hewan uji yang mengalami stres fisiologis. Penelitian ini terdiri atas 5 perlakuan dan 4 kali ulangan. Perlakuan pada penelitian ini terdiri atas P0: tikus kontrol; P1, P2, P3, dan P4 berturut-turut adalah: suplemen daging ikan gabus dalam pakan dengan konsentrasi 5%; 10%; 15%; dan 20%. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Variabel yang diukur pada penelitian ini adalah bobot badan, bobot hepar, diameter vena sentralis dan hepatosit. Data dianalisis menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan dengan signifikansi 5%. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan suplemen daging ikan gabus memberi pengaruh nyata terhadap bobot badan, bobot dan histologi hepar. Suplemen daging ikan gabus mampu meningkatkan bobot badan, bobot hepar, dan histologi hepar yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai diameter vena sentralis dan hepatosit lebih tinggi dibanding kontrol. Kesimpulan penelitian ini yaitu suplemen daging Channa striata dapat meningkatkan bobot badan, bobot hepar, diameter vena sentralis, dan hepatosit tikus Wistar dan konsentrasi 20% paling berpengaruh.
Kualitas Air dan Pertumbuhan Semai Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh pada Lebar Saluran Tambak Wanamina yang Berbeda
Authors: Suryani Nimas Ayu , Hastuti Endah Dwi , Budihastuti Rini
Published: October 2021

Avicennia marina merupakan jenis mangrove yang sifatnya rentan terhadap perubahan lingkungan, sehingga secara langsung dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhannya. Lebar saluran yang berbeda akan menentukan distribusi air dan nutrient sehingga dapat mempengaruhi kualitas air yang secara langsung mempengaruhi pertumbuhan vegetasi mangrove. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kualitas air dan pertumbuhan semai Avicennia marina berdasarkan lebar saluran tambak yang berbeda. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK). Analisis data yang digunakan berupa analisis varians (ANOVA) satu faktor dengan uji lanjut Duncan dan analisis deskriptif. Faktor yang digunakan yaitu lebar saluran. Saluran dengan lebar 1m, 2m, 3m dengan 6 ulangan. Hasil analisis sidik ragam terhadap kualitas air dan pertumbuhan semai Avicennia marina selama empat bulan pengamatan pada lebar saluran yang berbeda menunjukkan hasil yang tidak berbeda nyata. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lebar saluran tambak yang berbeda berpengaruh terhadap kualitas lingkungan terutama suhu. Perlakuan lebar saluran tambak wanamina yang berbeda belum memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap pertumbuhan diameter batang dan kelulushidupan semai Avicennia marina.
Respon Glomerulus Ren Mencit (Mus musculus L.) terhadap Pemberian Senyawa Antifertilitas dari Ekstrak Air Biji Pepaya (Carica papaya L.)
Authors: Widyaningsih Anggi , Sitasiwi Agung Janika , Mardiati Siti Muflichatun
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis respon glomerulus ren mencit (M. musculus) terhadap pemberian senyawa antifertilitas dari esktrak air biji pepaya (Carica papaya L.). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental yang dibagi dalam 5 kelompok perlakuan dengan 3 ulangan. K(-) bahan uji berupa akuades, K(+) bahan uji berupa pil kontrasepsi dosis 0.2 mg/ml, P1 sampai P3 berupa bahan uji ekstrak air biji pepaya dosis masing-masing 1.4; 3.5; dan 7 mg/ml. Perlakuan diberikan secara oral selama 21 hari. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan cara dislokasi leher setelah paparan bahan uji berakhir. Ren diisolasi dengan cara membedah dari abdomen bagian bawah. Ren selanjutnya, ditimbang dan dibuat sediaan histologis dengan pewarnaan HE dan tebal sayatan 8 mikron. Pengukuran diameter dilakukan pada setiap sayatan, masing-masing dengan 5 bidang pandang. Hasil penelitian dianalisa dengan menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) pada taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil analisis berat ren kelompok perlakuan menunjukkan tidak berbeda bermakna (p>0.05) dengan kelompok kontrol. Diameter glomerulus kelompok perlakuan menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna (p<0.05) dari kelompok kontrol. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah paparan ekstrak air biji pepaya selama 21 hari berpotensi menyebabkan kerusakan ren, ditunjukkan dengan peningkatan ukuran diameter glomerulus.
Efek Ekstrak Air Daun Insulin (Tithonia Diversifolia) pada Status Darah Tikus (Rattus Norvegicus L.) Hiperglikemik
Authors: Yuniwarti Enny Yusuf Wachidah , Tana Silvana
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis efek ekstrak air daun insulin terhadap status darah tikus hiperglikemik. Kondisi hiperglikemik akan meningkatkan jumlah radikal bebas yang dapat merusak struktur membran eritrosit sehingga menurunkan jumlah eritrosit, persentase hematokrit dan kadar hemoglobin. Penelitian ini menggunakan 16 ekor tikus Wistar jantan yang dikelompokkan dalam 4 kelompok perlakuan yaitu P0 merupakan kelompok kontrol, P1 kelompok tikus hiperglikemik yang diberi glibenklamid 2 mg/BB, P2 dan P3 kelompok tikus hiperglikemi yang diberi ekstrak air daun insulin 30 mg/BB/ hari dan 60 mg/BB/hari. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan.Pakan dan minum diberikan ad libitum selama 4 minggu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah eritrosit tidak berbeda nyata pada semua perlakuan, begitu pula persentase hematokrit dan kadar hemoglobin tidak berbeda nyata antar kelompok perlakuan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa ekstrak air daun insulin mampu memperbaiki status darah tikus hiperglikemi setara dengan glibenklamid. Kata kunci: eritrosit, hemoglobin, hematokrit, daun insulin, tikus hiperglikemi
Pemeriksaan Kolesterol , LDL, dan HDL Daging Ayam Petelur Jantan dengan Pakan Berimbuhan Serbuk Daun Kelor
Authors: Djaelani Muhammad Anwar , Kasiyati Kasiyati , Sunarno Sunarno
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini dirancang untuk melihat pengaruh tepung daun kelor sebagai imbuhan pakan terhadap kadar kolesterol total, kadar LDL dan kadar HDL daging ayam petelur jantan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perubahan fisiologis yang terjadi pada profil lipid daging ayam petelur jantan terkait dengan pemberian tepung daun kelor sebagai imbuhan pakan. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan lima perlakuan, terdiri atas satu perlakuan kelompok kontrol dan empat kelompok perlakuan dengan pakan basal yang diberi imbuhan berbagai kadar tepung daun kelor. Kelompok perlakuan pada penelitian ini adalah K0: Pakan basal, tanpa imbuhan tepung daun kelor (kontrol) K1: Pakan basal yang diberi imbuhan tepung daun kelor 1% K2: Pakan basal yang diberi imbuhan tepung daun kelor 2% K3: Pakan basal yang diberi imbuhan tepung daun kelor 3% K4: Pakan basal yang diberi imbuhan tepung daun kelor 4%.Variabel yang diamati adalah kadar kolesterol total daging, LDL daging, serta HDL daging ayam petelur jantan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan Anova Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat penurunan yang nyata kadar kolesterol total daging dan kadar LDL daging, serta peningkatan kadar HDL daging ayam yang nyata (P < 0.05).Pada penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian tepung daun kelor sebagai imbuhan pakan berpotensi memperbaiki performa lipid daging ayamKata kunci :  Daging ayam, kelor, kolesterol, LDL ,HDL
Hubungan Total Fenol Akar dan Daun Mangrove Api-Api [Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh] dengan N, P, dan C Organik Sedimen
Authors: Su'aidah Iis - , Hastuti Endah Dwi , Izzati Munifatul , Darmanti Sri
Published: October 2021

Fenol adalah kelompok metabolit sekunder yang dihasilkan tumbuhan. Variasi kandungan fenol dipengaruhi oleh faktor internal seperti organ tumbuhan dan faktor eksternal seperti unsur hara sedimen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari hubungan kandungan total fenol akar dan daun A. marina dengan N, P, dan C organik sedimen. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimental dengan 3 stasiun di lokasi penelitian dan setiap stasiun memiliki 1 titik pengambilan sampel. Variabel yang diamati meliputi kandungan total fenol akar dan daun A. marina serta N, P, dan C organik sedimen. Data kuantitatif total fenol dan unsur hara dianalisis secara deskriptif sedangkan hubungan total fenol dan unsur hara dianalisis dengan korelasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan total fenol akar dan daun masing-masing (19,5 mg GAE /g) dan (14,9 mg GAE /g). Kandungan unsur N, P, dan C organik sedimen pada ekosistem mangrove masing-masing 0,24%, 106,25 ppm, dan 2,03%. Hasil analisis korelasi menunjukkan bahwa terdapat korelasi antara fenol akar dengan P dan fenol daun dengan P. Namun, tidak terdapat korelasi antara fenol daun dengan N, fenol akar dengan N, fenol daun dengan C organik, dan fenol akar dengan C organik.
Pengaruh Wadah dan Suhu Penyimpanan yang Berbeda terhadap Kematangan Buah Sawo (Manilkara zapota L.)
Authors: Muhammad Rafif Zuhair , Prihastanti Erma , Budihastuti Rini
Published: October 2021

Buah sawo merupakan salah satu komoditas hortikultura yang mempunyai sifat mudah rusak. Buah sawo memerlukan penanganan pascapanen yang baik untuk mengurangi kerusakan pascapanen. Penelitian ini menggunakan 24 buah sawo terdiri atas 4 perlakuan dan 6 kali ulangan. Setiap ulangan terdiri atas 3 buah sawo yang ditempatkan dalam 2 wadah. Penelitian ini menggunakan perlakuan yaitu A1: Wadah plastik yang disimpan pada suhu 15oC, B1: Wadah kardus yang disimpan pada suhu 15oC, A2: Wadah plastik yang disimpan pada suhu 27oC, B2: Wadah kardus yang disimpan pada suhu 27oC. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Parameter yang diukur dalam penelitian ini adalah warna buah, susut bobot buah, total padatan terlarut buah, dan lama penyimpanan buah. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) pada taraf kepercayaan 95% dan dilanjut uji Duncan dengan α = 0,005. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa wadah dan suhu berpengaruh terhadap lama penyimpanan dan kualitas buah sawo. Kombinasi wadah plastik dan suhu 15oC dapat meningkatkan masa simpan  hingga 12 hari, sedangkan kombinasi wadah kardus dan suhu 27oC hanya dapat meningkatkan masa simpan selama 3 hari.