bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Folic Acid-Targeted MXene Nanoparticles for Doxorubicin Loaded Drug Delivery
Authors: Liu Zhen , Xie Lan , Yan Jia , Liu Pengfei , Wen Huixiang , Liu Huijun
Published: November 2021

MXenes are two-dimensional (2D) materials with a large specific surface area and abundant surface functional groups. A folate receptors-targeted drug carrier was constructed based on the rich surface functional groups and high biocompatibility of MXenes. This drug carrier possesses as high as 69.9 % drug-loading capability and as long as 48 h drug release time. Tumour targeting and a pH-responsive mechanism can make MXene nanoparticles quickly accumulate in tumour sites and slowly release loads. The results showed that DOX was released in a large amount in a PBS solution at pH 4.5. Compared with the naked drug, MXenes-FA-SP@DOX has a higher cell inhibition rate and a longer drug action time at a lower concentration (less than 10 μg mg−1). This drug delivery system exhibited potential applications for the treatment of malignant tumour and this work extends the biomedical applications of MXenes in nanomedicine.
Narrowing feedstock exemptions under the Montreal Protocol has multiple environmental benefits
Authors: Andersen Stephen O. , Gao Song , Carvalho Suely , Ferris Tad , Gonzalez Marco , Sherman Nancy J. , Wei Yiyao , Zaelke Durwood
Published: November 2021

The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (Montreal Protocol) can be further strengthened to control ozone-depleting substances and hydrofluorocarbons used as feedstocks to provide additional protection of the stratospheric ozone layer and the climate system while also mitigating plastics pollution. The feedstock exemptions were premised on the assumption that feedstocks presented an insignificant threat to the environment; experience has shown that this is incorrect. Through its adjustment procedures, the Montreal Protocol can narrow the scope of feedstock exemptions to reduce inadvertent and unauthorized emissions while continuing to exempt production of feedstocks for time-limited, essential uses. This upstream approach can be an effective and efficient complement to other efforts to reduce plastic pollution. Existing mechanisms in the Montreal Protocol such as the Assessment Panels and national implementation strategies can guide the choice of environmentally superior substitutes for feedstock-derived plastics. This paper provides a framework for policy makers, industries, and civil society to consider how stronger actions under the Montreal Protocol can complement other chemical and environmental treaties.
Compensatory variability in network parameters enhances memory performance in the
Drosophila
mushroom body
Authors: Abdelrahman Nada Y. , Vasilaki Eleni , Lin Andrew C.
Published: November 2021

Significance

How does variability between neurons affect neural circuit function? How might neurons behave similarly despite having different underlying features? We addressed these questions in neurons called Kenyon cells, which store olfactory memories in flies. Kenyon cells differ among themselves in key features that affect how active they are, and in a model of the fly’s memory circuit, adding this interneuronal variability made the model fly worse at learning the values of multiple odors. However, memory performance was rescued if compensation between the variable underlying features allowed Kenyon cells to be equally active on average, and we found the hypothesized compensatory variability in real Kenyon cells’ anatomy. This work reveals the existence and computational benefits of compensatory variability in neural networks.
Transformational machine learning: Learning how to learn from many related scientific problems
Authors: Olier Ivan , Orhobor Oghenejokpeme I. , Dash Tirtharaj , Davis Andy M. , Soldatova Larisa N. , Vanschoren Joaquin , King Ross D.
Published: November 2021

Significance

Machine learning (ML) is the branch of artificial intelligence (AI) that develops computational systems that learn from experience. In supervised ML, the ML system generalizes from labelled examples to learn a model that can predict the labels of unseen examples. Examples are generally represented using features that directly describe the examples. For instance, in drug design, ML uses features that describe molecular shape and so on. In cases where there are multiple related ML problems, it is possible to use a different type of feature: predictions made about the examples by ML models learned on other problems. We call this transformational ML. We show that this results in better predictions and improved understanding when applied to scientific problems.
In situ investigation of water on MXene interfaces
Authors: Zaman Wahid , Matsumoto Ray A. , Thompson Matthew W. , Liu Yu-Hsuan , Bootwala Yousuf , Dixit Marm B. , Nemsak Slavomir , Crumlin Ethan , Hatzell Marta C. , Cummings Peter T. , Hatzell Kelsey B.
Published: November 2021

Significance

Water organization at solid–liquid interfaces plays a critical role in a range of applications related to adsorption, membrane separations, energy storage, and catalysis. Currently, our understanding of molecular water at solid interfaces is limited to macroscopic and bulk measurement approaches. These interrogation techniques lack the spatial and temporal resolutions necessary to detect how water interacts with local heterogeneous chemical microenvironments governed by surface chemistry, solutes, etc. This work reveals the interaction between water and two-dimensional MXenes by combining in situ ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and molecular dynamics simulation. This work demonstrates how the size of a solute (cation) governs transport within confined nanochannels and the hydration energy of the solute governs water adsorption/desorption properties at exposed surfaces.
Recognition of the antigen-presenting molecule MR1 by a Vδ3+γδ T cell receptor
Authors: Rice Michael T. , von Borstel Anouk , Chevour Priyanka , Awad Wael , Howson Lauren J. , Littler Dene R. , Gherardin Nicholas A. , Le Nours Jérôme , Giles Edward M. , Berry Richard , Godfrey Dale I. , Davey Martin S. , Rossjohn Jamie , Gully Benjamin S.
Published: November 2021

Significance

Alongside αβ T cells and B cells, γδ T cells comprise a major component of the adaptive immune system, although a lack of bona fide ligands has hindered understanding of their function. γδ T cells are key mediators of epithelial immune surveillance and have a purported capacity for employing diverse ligand engagement mechanisms beyond the dogmas of conventional αβ T cell–human leukocyte antigen restriction. Here, we found blood- and gut-resident Vδ1/2−γδ T cells bound to MR1 tetramers in a metabolite-independent mechanism distinct from mucosal-associated invariant T cells and provide insight into a unique antibody-like MR1 recognition mode. This reshapes our understanding of the ligand recognition principles of γδ T cells and how they differ from αβ T cells.
Local acetate inhibits brown adipose tissue function
Authors: Sun Wenfei , Dong Hua , Wolfrum Christian
Published: November 2021

Brown adipose tissue has been extensively studied in the last decade for its potential to counteract the obesity pandemic. However, the paracrine regulation within brown tissue is largely unknown. Here, we show that local acetate directly inhibits brown fat thermogenesis, without changing acetate levels in the circulation. We demonstrate that modulating acetate within brown tissue at physiological levels blunts its function and systemically decreases energy expenditure. Using a series of transcriptomic analyses, we identified genes related to the tricarboxylic acid cycle and brown adipocyte formation, which are down-regulated upon local acetate administration. Overall, these findings demonstrate that local acetate inhibits brown fat function.
Validity of a novel device for indoor analysis of cyclists’ drag area
Authors: Ordiñana‐Pérez M. , Mateo‐March M. , Monteagudo P. , Zabala M. , Blasco‐Lafarga C.
Published: November 2021

Purpose: Cyclists need to measure aerodynamic resistance accurately and reliably, as well as economically. Devices such as Notio Aerostick, an equipment device that includes one pitot tube, have appeared for this purpose. The aim of this study is, therefore, to test the reliability and degree of agreement in the evaluation of the CdA (coefficient of aerodynamic drag), assessed by means of the Notio Aerostick compared to the Virtual Elevation (VE) and Martin mathematical models. Method: Seventeen professional cyclists rode in a 250‐metre‐long velodrome covered with a concrete surface with their own time trial bikes. Each cyclist completed three rides of 15 laps at constant speed for the evaluation of the CdA, each of them in a different position [Baseline (B), Change 1 (C1) and Change 2 (C2)]. Results: The differences in CdA between methods were found for Martin in comparison with VE in all positions (p <.001) and with Notio Aerostick in B and C2 (p>. 05). About differences of CdA for each method, considering between position changes, the results were the same for VE and Martin, but different for Notio Aerostick. Conclusions: Findings suggest that, notwithstanding Notio Aerostick is valid if we compare CdA values with respect to VE, since the direction of their between‐positions CdA changes differs, the results of their aerodynamic evaluation could lead us to recommend different final setups. We need studies that evaluate different units of the Notio Aerostick device as well as the reliability and precision of each sensor that includes Notio Aerostick.

Highlights

The CdA calculated by the Notio Aerostick and VE, a mathematical model previously validated, can be interchangeable, however the final position recommended by each method may be different, since the changes in the following position are given by the changes of the CdA in the previous position.

None of the three methods allowed elite cyclists to measure statistically significant differences between the proposed setups.

Although the CdA differences between positions were not significant, they can be decisive in the final result of a time trial competition.
Final report on CCQM-K19.2018 key comparison on pH of an unknown borate buffer
Authors: Asakai Toshiaki , Maksimov Igor , Prokunin Sergey , Vengina Daria , Oganyan Narine , Dobrovolskiy Vladimir , Dániel Nagy , Szilágyi Zsofia ; , Dimitrova Lyudmila , Bezeva Katya , Aparicio ; Luis Ortiz , Manzano Judith Velina Lara , Roziková Matilda , Vicarova Martina , Dumańska Joanna , Pawlina Monika , Delgado Mabel , Avendaño Paola , Gonzaga Fabiano Barbieri , Pardellas Leonardo da Silva , Puelles Mabel , Lozano ;n , Quendera Raquel , Fajardo Simone , Ferreira Elizabeth , Hongyu Xiu , Bing Wu , Tangpaisarnkul Nongluck , Rodruangthum Patumporn , Bastkowski Frank , Sander Beatrice , Hanková Zuzana , Máriássy Michal , Gavrilkin Vladimir V , Petrenko Anton V
Published: November 2021

Main text

This key comparison CCQM-K19.2018, as a repetition of the previous study CCQM-K19 from 2005, was performed to evaluate the degree of equivalence of measurement procedures of participating National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) and Designated Institutes (DIs) for the determination of pH of borate buffer solutions. The nominal pH value of the buffer was 9.2 at 25 °C and the suggested measurement temperatures were 5 °C, 15 °C, 25 °C, 37 °C and 50 °C. Good agreement of the results is demonstrated by most participants.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
The ferroelastic phase transition in hydrogen cyanide studied by density functional theory
Authors: Peng Jie , Zhang Sijie , Refson Keith , Dove Martin T
Published: November 2021

We report calculations of the crystal structures and lattice dynamics of the tetragonal and orthorhombic phases of the molecular crystal hydrogen cyanide, HCN, using density functional theory methods. By treating negative pressure as a proxy for raising temperature we show that the ferroelastic phase transition involves softening of a transverse acoustic mode, and confirm that the phase transition is discontinuous. Analysis of the complete phonon spectrum shows that the acoustic modes are responsible both for the very large thermal expansion seen in HCN and also for the thermodynamic driving force for the phase transition.
Combined enhanced redox kinetics and physiochemical confinement in three-dimensionally ordered macro/mesoporous TiN for highly stable lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Liu Jiabing , Hu Chenchen , Gao Wanjie , Li Haipeng , Zhao Yan
Published: November 2021

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries with tremendous energy density possess great promise for the next-generation energy storage devices. Even though, the shuttle effect and sluggish redox kinetics of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) seriously restrict practical applications of Li–S batteries. Herein, a three-dimensionally ordered macro/mesoporous TiN (3DOM TiN) nanostructure is established via using poly (methyl methacrylate) PMMA spheres as template. The interconnected macro/mesoporous channels are constructed to effectively alleviate the stacking of composite materials and render a large portion of inherent active sites exposed on the surface region. Moreover, TiN exhibits high electrical conductivity, which efficiently enhances charge-transfer kinetics and guarantees the favorable electrochemical performance of sulfur cathode. More importantly, the as-prepared 3DOM TiN suppresses the shuttle effect and improves the redox kinetics significantly due to strong affinity toward LiPSs. Attributed to these unique features, the S/3DOM TiN electrode achieves an ultrahigh initial discharge capacity of 1187 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C, and stable cycling performance of 552 mAh g−1 over 500 cycles at 1 C. Meanwhile, the discharge capacity retention of 701 mAh g−1 (3.5 mAh cm−2) can be endowed for the S/3DOM TiN electrode under high sulfur loading of 5 mg cm−2 after 100 cycles at 0.1 C. Therefore, the 3DOM TiN nanostructure electrocatalyst provides a promising path for developing practically useable Li–S batteries.
Effects of cross-sectional area and aspect ratio coupled with orientation on mechanical properties and deformation behavior of Cu nanowires
Authors: Cao Hui , Chen Wenke , Rui Zhiyuan , Yan Changfeng
Published: November 2021

Metal nanomaterials exhibit excellent mechanical properties compared with corresponding bulk materials and have potential applications in various areas. Despite a number of studies of the size effect on Cu nanowires mechanical properties with square cross-sectional, investigations of them in rectangular cross-sectional with various sizes at constant volume are rare, and lack of multifactor coupling effect on mechanical properties and quantitative investigation. In this work, the dependence of mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of Cu nanowires/nanoplates under tension on cross-sessional area, aspect ratio of cross-sectional coupled with orientation were investigated using molecular dynamics simulations and the semi-empirical expressions related to mechanical properties were proposed. The simulation results show that the Young’s modulus and the yield stress sharply increase with the aspect ratio except for the 〈110〉{110}{001} Cu nanowires/nanoplates at the same cross-sectional area. And the Young’s modulus increases while the yield stress decreases with the cross-sectional area of Cu nanowires. However, both of them increase with the cross-sectional area of Cu nanoplates. Besides, the Young’s modulus increases with the cross-sectional area at all the orientations. The yield stress shows a mildly downward trend except for the 〈111〉 Cu nanowires with increased cross-sectional area. For the Cu nanowires with a small cross-sectional area, the surface force increases with the aspect ratio. In contrast, it decreases with the aspect ratio increase at a large cross-sectional area. At the cross-sectional area of 13.068 nm2, the surface force decreases with the aspect ratio of the 〈110〉 Cu nanowires while it increases at other orientations. The surface force is a linearly decreasing function of the cross-sectional area at different orientations. Quantitative studies show that Young’s modulus and yield stress to the aspect ratio of the Cu nanowires satisfy exponent relationship. In addition, the main deformation mechanism of Cu nanowires is the nucleation and propagation of partial dislocations while it is the twinning-dominated reorientation for Cu nanoplates.
A transparent, self-powered photodetector based on p-CuI/n-TiO2 heterojunction film with high on–off ratio
Authors: Zuo Chaolei , Cai Sa , Li Ziliang , Fang Xiaosheng
Published: November 2021

Ultraviolet(UV) photodetectors(PDs) can monitor UV radiation, enabling it to be effective for many applications, such as communication, imaging and sensing. The rapid progress on portable and wearable optoelectronic devices places a great demand on self-powered PDs. However, high-performance self-powered PDs are still limited. Herein we display a transparent and self-powered PD based on a p-CuI/n-TiO2 heterojunction, which exhibits a high on–off ratio (∼104 at 310 nm) and a fast response speed (rise time/decay time = 0.11 ms/0.72 ms) without bias. Moreover, the device shows an excellent UV-selective sensitivity as a solar-blind UV PD with a high UV/visible rejection ratio (R
300 nm/R
400 nm = 5.3 × 102), which can be ascribed to the wide bandgaps of CuI and TiO2. This work provides a feasible route for the construction of transparent, self-powered PDs based on p–n heterojunctions.
Simulation of nonlinear standing wave excitation in very-high-frequency asymmetric capacitive discharges: roles of radial plasma density profile and rf power
Authors: Zhou Fang-Jie , Zhao Kai , Wen De-Qi , Liu Jian-Kai , Liu Yong-Xin , Wang You-Nian
Published: November 2021

It is recognized that in large-area, very-high-frequency capacitively coupled plasma (VHF CCP) reactors, the higher harmonics generated by nonlinear sheath motion can lead to enhanced standing wave excitation. In this work, a self-consistent electromagnetic model, which couples a one-dimensional, radial nonlinear transmission line model with a bulk plasma fluid model, is employed to investigate the nonlinear standing wave excitation in a VHF driven, geometrically asymmetric capacitive argon discharge operated at low pressure. By considering a radially non-uniform plasma density profile (case I) calculated self-consistently by the nonlinear electromagnetic model and the corresponding radially-averaged, uniform plasma density profile (case II), we first examine the effect of the plasma density non-uniformity on the propagation of electromagnetic surface waves in a 3 Pa argon discharge driven at 100 MHz and 90 W. Compared to case II, the higher plasma density at the radial center in case I determines a higher plasma series resonance frequency, yielding stronger high-order harmonic excitations and more significant central peak in the harmonic current density J
z,n
and the harmonic electron power absorption p

n
profiles. Therefore, under the assumption of the radially uniform plasma density in a CCP discharge, the self-excitation of higher harmonics at the radial center should be underestimated. Second, using the self-consistent electromagnetic model, the effect of the rf power on the excitation of nonlinear standing waves is investigated in a 3 Pa argon discharge driven at 100 MHz. At a low power of 30 W, the discharge is dominated by the first two harmonics. The higher harmonic excitations and the nonlinear standing waves are observed to be enhanced with increasing the rf power, resulting in a more pronounced central peak in the radial profiles of the total electron power absorption density p
e, the electron temperature T
e, and the electron density n
e. For all rf powers, the calculated radial profiles of n
e show good agreement with the experimental data obtained by a floating double probe.
Boson dark matter halos with a dominant noncondensed component
Authors: Abdullin Iskander G. , Popov Vladimir A.
Published: November 2021

We consider galaxy halos formed by dark matter bosons with mass in the range of about a few tens or hundreds eV. A major part of the particles is in a noncondensed state and described under the Thomas-Fermi approach. Derived equations are solved numerically to find the halo density profile.
The noncondensed state is supported in the entire halo except compact gravitationally bounded Bose-Einstein condensates. Although the size of these compact objects, also known as Bose stars, depends on interactions between the particles, its upper limit is only about 100 astronomical units. The Bose stars collect the condensed bosons providing a density cusp avoidance in the halo as well as a natural mechanism to prevent overproduction of small halos.
Clusters of the Bose stars can also contribute to the halo density profile.
The model is analyzed by confronting its predictions with observations of galaxy rotation curves. We employ 22 low surface brightness galaxies and obtain that the model is consistent with the observational data when the particle mass is in the range above about 50 eV and the best fit corresponds to the mass m = 86 eV. This mass is appropriate for relic dark matter bosons, which decouple just after QCD phase transition.
Finite size effect on dissociation and diffusion of chiral partners in Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model *
Authors: Deb Paramita , Ghosh Sabyasachi , Prakash Jai , Das Santosh Kumar , Varma Raghava
Published: November 2021

The masses of pion and sigma meson modes, along with their dissociation in the quark medium, provide detailed spectral structures of the chiral partners. Collectivity has been observed in pA and pp systems both at LHC and RHIC. In this research, we studied the restoration of chiral symmetry by investigating the finite size effect on the detailed structure of chiral partners in the framework of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. Their diffusion and conduction have been studied using this dissociation mechanism. It is determined that the masses, widths, diffusion coefficients, and conductivities of chiral partners merge at different temperatures in the restoration phase of chiral symmetry. However, merging points are shifted to lower temperatures when finite size effect is introduced into the picture. The strengths of diffusions and conductions are also reduced once the finite size is introduced in the calculations.
Underground Measurement of 6Li(p,γ)7Be and 6Li(p,3He)4He Performed at LUNA
Authors: Chillery T
Published: November 2021

Proton-induced reactions on 6Li play an important role in nuclear astrophysics studies in relation to primordial lithium abundances. Whilst big bang nucleosynthesis theory excludes the existence of primordial 6Li, the 6Li/7Li abundance ratio observed in pre-main sequence stars is ≃ 0.5. The 6Li(p,3He)4He and 6Li(p,γ)7Be reactions are the main processes that contribute to 6Li destruction in stars. Both reactions were recently studied at LUNA via proton bombardment of 6Li-enriched targets, with complementary target composition studies performed at HZDR. Improvements on the precision of the low-energy S-factor values are expected from this study. Notably, the low-background measurement at LUNA will assist the search for a recently claimed 6Li(p,γ)7Be low energy resonance at E
r ≃ 195 keV. I present the LUNA experimental setup and preliminary results of the ongoing analysis.
Improvement of seismic radon station SRS - 05
Authors: Belashev B Z
Published: November 2021

Designed on the base of seismic radon station SRS-05 hardware and software complex receives and forms the data of the measurements from station, perform the archiving of the data and sends it to the end users. Besides, the complex realises remote control by station. Additional devices of this complex do not influence the process of measuring of the station and just provide access to the internet and data transfer to specified ftp-server directly via the network or the mobile in places with lack of cable infrastructures. New functional properties increase the adaptive capabilities of the complex, provide its autonomous work and contribute to its transformation into a smart sensor module for monitoring of an environment. Small dimensions and low power consumption of its components provide greater mobility of the complex and increase the time of its autonomous operation.
Features of nanocomposite powder paints spreading with the addition of aluminum oxide nanofibers
Authors: Simunin M M , Chirkov D Yu , Fadeev Yu V , Voronin A S , Samoilo A S
Published: November 2021

The paper studies the effect of violation of the spreading of powder paints when they are compounded with nanofibers of aluminum oxide. It is shown that with the addition of small fractions of aluminum oxide nanofibers equal to 0.05 wt%, the grains of the powder paint do not have time to wet each other, the crosslinking of the coating structure occurs up to this point, which is fixed by a characteristic granular texture. The paper also illustrates the features of the distribution of nanofibers of aluminum oxide in the coating. The increase in cohesion energy leads to a natural increase in the surface tension in the paint, which we observe in the form of the characteristic morphology of the coating. Investigation of coatings of a reference powder paint and a modified addition of aluminum oxide nanofibers) were carried out using an optical microscope. Separately, the morphology of the resin was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Increasing the proportion of the flow agent based on acrylic compounds in the polyester resin from 0.8 to 1.8 wt% solves this problem, while the strengthening effect of nanofibers of alumina in the paint is retained.
Features of heating of a porous medium containing a liquid by an acoustic field
Authors: Khusainov I G , Chiglintseva A S , Gimaltdinov I K , Stolpovsky M V , Davletshina M R
Published: November 2021

A mathematical model of the problem of heating a porous medium containing a liquid by an acoustic field is presented. Assuming that the main mechanism that converts the energy of the wave field in a porous medium into heat is the force of viscous friction between the saturating liquid and the skeleton, the function of a volumetric heat source for the process of heating a porous medium using an acoustic field is constructed. The dependences of the power of a heat source on the parameters of the wave field and the parameters determining the state of a porous medium are analyzed.
Axisymmetric hydrate monolith destruction problem
Authors: Stolpovsky M V , Chiglintseva A S , Davletshina M R
Published: November 2021

A mathematical model is proposed for the destruction of a methane hydrate monolith containing gas inclusions. In this formulation of the problem, it is assumed that there is a cylindrical cavity inside the hydrate monolith, initially filled only with methane. Since the conditions on the surface of the particle correspond to the conditions for the free existence of gas and water, the gas hydrate begins to decompose. On the basis of the obtained system, consisting of the equations of conservation of mass and heat, the temperature distributions in the “cavity - gas hydrate” system were obtained, and the influence of the initial temperature of the system and the temperature in the cavity on the dynamics of hydrate decomposition was analyzed.
On the question of finding a universal mechanism for the transmission of sound wave energy in iron during heating and deformation
Authors: Yurchenko Stepan A
Published: November 2021

The paper presents a theoretical analysis of the experimental data on the ultrasound speed change in iron during heating and elastic deformation. The mathematical models proposed for assessing the change in the ultrasound speed based on the “adiabatic approximation” method do not explain, using one model, the change in the ultrasound speed in iron during heating and elastic deformation. During theoretical analysis, a new model of ultrasound wave transmission has been proposed, in which the wave energy propagates in the volume of the interatomic bond, namely in the loop, which is formed by the “collectivization” of valence electrons located in the outer orbit of atoms. The new model explains why with an increase in the interatomic distance a, the crystal lattice parameter, and an increase in the natural vibration frequency of atoms Vat
during heating and elastic deformation, in one case (heating), the speed of the sound wave decreases, but in the other case (elastic deformation), the speed of the wave increases with a general decrease in the temperature of the rod.
Shape measures for the generalized beta exponential distribution
Authors: Polosin V G
Published: November 2021

This paper contains parametric and informational shape measures for various families of the generalized beta exponential distribution since it is important to determination of the distribution shape for analysing an experimental data set. A logistic parameter is used to select independent types of beta exponential distributions, that it allows to combine the distributions of different subfamilies. In this paper the use of parametric shape measures to pre-define distribution shape is discusses. In particular, the initial and standard central moments for the main types of generalized beta exponential distribution are given. In the paper it is proposes to use the entropy coefficient of unshifted distribution as an independent information measure of the shape of unshifted generalized beta exponential distributions. In order to increase the reliability of the preliminary determination of the shape of the model, expressions for the entropy coefficient of shifted families both the generalized beta exponential distributions of the first and second types, and the generalized gamma exponential distribution were obtained. For practical applied the entropy coefficients of unshifted distributions for various subfamilies of generalized beta exponential distributions can be useful.
Algorithms for monitoring the functioning of nonequilibrium information processing systems
Authors: Antsyferov S S , Fazilova K N , Rusanov K E
Published: November 2021

The authors have developed an algorithm for monitoring the functioning of nonequilibrium systems, which is based on such operations as establishing the range for permissible values of efficiency probabilities of structural elements functioning, establishing permissible values of structural elements amount, plotting the system entropy dependence on structural elements amount and their effectiveness probability, constructing phase space of the system functioning and determination of the boundaries of regions with nonequilibrium stability. Practical testing of the developed algorithm for monitoring the functioning of nonequilibrium systems has shown that this algorithm can be used to solve several practical problems related to functioning monitoring and predicting the state of a wide variety of nonequilibrium systems.
To calculate the axial dimensions of inkjet devices for hydraulic transport of sand and gravel materials
Authors: Medved N V , Egorova E L , Morozov V N , Gron V A , Galaiko A V
Published: November 2021

The article presents the results of the dredger in a deep deposit of sand and gravel materials. It was found that when the diameter of the suction pipe exceeds the diameter of the inlet mixing chamber by 150 mm, the actual pressure from the ejector does not exceed one meter, and with an increase in the supply of the suction pump as a result of a sharp jump in hydraulic resistance, the vacuum is disrupted. It was also found that the effect on the calculated compression ratio of the jet apparatus increases with an increase in the injection coefficient and the input velocity of the injected stream.
Electro-optic Q-switched Cr:LiSAF laser
Authors: Popov E E , Sergeev A A , Pogoda A P , Petrov V M , Boreysho A S
Published: November 2021

We demonstrate electro-optic Q-switched solid state laser with Cr:LiSAF active medium. A single 50 ns pulse with 14 mJ of output energy is demonstrated. Simultaneous generation of several peaks with a step of 1.4 nm within the spectrum envelope with a full width at half maximum of 10.3 nm is demonstrated. For an electro-optic Q-switched mode a Pockels cell is used. Demonstrated laser can be used in differential absorption lidar systems.
Correlation length critical exponent as a function of the percolation radius for one-dimensional chains in bond problems
Authors: Yakunina T V , Udodov V N
Published: November 2021

A one-dimensional lattice percolation model is constructed for the problem of constraints flowing along non-nearest neighbors. In this work, we calculated the critical exponent of the correlation length in the one-dimensional bond problem for a percolation radius of up to 6. In the calculations, we used a method without constructing a covering lattice or an adjacency matrix (to find the percolation threshold). The values of the critical exponent of the correlation length were obtained in the one-dimensional bond problem depending on the size of the system and at different percolation radii. Based on original algorithms that operate on a computer faster than standard ones (associated with the construction of a covering lattice), these results are obtained with corresponding errors.
Microstructure and crystallographic texture of Cu-Zn alloys subjected to ECAP and flat rolling
Authors: Zaynullina L I , Alexandrov I V
Published: November 2021

This paper presents the results of the microstructure and crystallographic texture investigations of the Cu-Zn alloys system with different stacking fault energies (SFE) subjected to severe plastic deformation (SPD) by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and subsequent flat rolling. It is shown that ECAP leads to the formation of an ultrafine-grained (UFG) structure. Further flat rolling is accompanied by a decrease in the size of structural elements and the formation of nanoscale twins, which are more likely to be detected in an alloy with a lower SFE. As the deformation degree increases, the main crystallographic textures components of the investigated alloys become Brass and Goss components.
Application of vectorized algorithms for solving problems of continuum mechanics
Authors: Emelyanov V N , Brykov N A , Efremov A V
Published: November 2021

The paper discusses the possibilities of constructing vectorized algorithms for solving problems of continuum mechanics, as well as the specialties of their software implementation in the MATLAB. These algorithms, on the one hand, widely use MATLAB functions designed to treat vectors and sparse matrixes, and on the other hand, are distinguished by high efficiency and counting speed.
On digital phase detector
Authors: Chernoyarov O V , Glushkov A N , Golikov A A , Litvinenko V P , Mironov V A
Published: November 2021

A digital phase detector for processing signals with phase modulation in a wide range of changes in the phase of the received signal is considered. A block diagram of a digital detector with minimal computational costs for the signal period is proposed. The problem of phase jumps when it changes by more than 2π is solved. An estimate is obtained for the noise immunity of a phase detector when exposed to Gaussian noise. Supposed hardware implementation of a phase detector based on field-programmable gate arrays. It can be used in devices for digital processing of the angular modulation signals, devices for controlling the phase of the reference signal and in different measurers.
Influence of digital technologies on the quality of life by modelling the risk of flooding of territories by flood waters
Authors: Grebnev Ya V , Moskalev A K , Shagidulina D I
Published: November 2021

Every year, there are many floods on the planet, which have a significant impact on ensuring the safety of people and affects the quality of life. The development of modern modelling technologies makes it possible to predict various scenarios for the development of the situation and reduce the likelihood of negative consequences. This issue is especially relevant for settlements located in the immediate vicinity of hydroelectric power plants, since by regulating discharge costs from hydroelectric power plants, it is possible to safely pass flood waters avoiding flooding of residential buildings and infrastructure, but this requires knowing the flooding zones at different water levels and discharge costs. This paper presents the results of solving the problem of modelling the dynamics of flood waters within the boundaries of the settlement of Krasnoyarsk. To calculate the flooded areas, the TUFLOW program was used in the Surface-water Modelling System modelling environment, as well as neural network forecasting using the NeuroPro software product. The simulation results made it possible to predict local flooding of the settlement during the flood of 2021 and take preventive measures to reduce the risk of flooding.
On thermal processes in the calibration and control of liquid calorimeters for measuring the energy of high-power microwave pulses
Authors: Priputnev P V , Klimov A I , Kurkan I K
Published: November 2021

The heat transfer processes associated with the heating of the operating liquid and the calibration of the liquid calorimeters for measuring the energy of high-power microwave pulses are studied analytically and by numerical simulation. It is shown that convection significantly enhances heat transfer between the calibration and thermostabilization heaters and the operating liquid, hence, it helps to reduce the formation of bubbles in the volume of the operating liquid when controlling and calibrating the calorimeter. Heat transfer from tape heaters is noticeably more efficient than that from single wire ones. The results obtained are essential for the development of liquid calorimeters and the adjustment of their operating modes.
Determination of the effective porosity of a single filter fiber
Authors: Soloveva V , Solovev S A , Kharchuk S I , Belousova L A , Talipova A R
Published: November 2021

In this work, a numerical simulation of the aerosol motion when flowing around a single porous filter fiber with a diameter of 5 mm is carried out. The fiber is formed by a set of microfibers in a random arrangement. The size of the microfibers varies from 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm. For each fixed size of microfibers, a fiber model with different porosity of the medium was created. The porosity ranged from 0.7 to 0.9. The calculations were carried out in the ANSYS software package (v. 19.0). Studies have shown that a porous filter fiber model provides the maximum deposition efficiency for highly inert particles is provided by a porous filter fiber model with a microfiber size of 0.1 mm and a medium porosity of 0.9.
Synthesis of four new neuro-statistical tests for testing the hypothesis of independence of small samples of biometric data
Authors: Volchikhin V I , Ivanov A I , Zolotareva T A , Skudnev D M
Published: November 2021

The paper considers the analysis of small samples according to several statistical criteria to test the hypothesis of independence, since the direct calculation of the correlation coefficients using the Pearson formula gives an unacceptably high error on small biometric samples. Each of the classical statistical criteria for testing the hypothesis of independence can be replaced with an equivalent artificial neuron. Neuron training is performed based on the condition of obtaining equal probabilities of errors of the first and second kind. To improve the quality of decisions made, it is necessary to use a variety of statistical criteria, both known and new. It is necessary to form networks of artificial neurons, generalizing the number of artificial neurons that is necessary for practical use. It is shown that the classical formula for calculating the correlation coefficients can be modified with four options. This allows you to create a network of 5 artificial neurons, which is not yet able to reduce the probability of errors in comparison with the classical formula. A gain in the confidence level in the future can only be obtained when using a network of more than 23 artificial neurons, if we apply the simplest code to detect and correct errors.
Classification of movements based on wearable device data in biometric authentication
Authors: Grecheneva A V , Dorofeev N V
Published: November 2021

The paper proposes a neural network algorithm for classifying human movements according to the accelerometer data, which is located in a mobile device. Intelligent algorithms for classifying movement types (single step, walking, walking on stairs, running) are considered on 9 types of different movements that a person performs in everyday life. The developed algorithm is proposed to be used in biometric authentication systems based on mobile phone data.
The impact of communications channel bandwidth on the accuracy of pulse-width signal transmission
Authors: Prokofiev V , Golyshevsky O A , Savochkin A E
Published: November 2021

Pulse-width modulation (PWM) signals used in various areas are sent to the receiver through a communications channel that distorts their waveform due to the limitations of the frequency range. It is not always possible to reduce additive (fluctuation) noises that are also present within the PWM signal to negligible levels. Limiting the range of frequencies transmitted over a communications channel results in both the deterioration of PWM signal front slopes and the changes in the spectral specifications of the fluctuation noise. The simulation of pulse signal formation helped identify a correlation between the pulse front slope and the number of harmonic components transmitted over the communications channel. Through the analysis, we established a correlation between pulse time and the additive noise parameters along with the bandwidth of the real communications channel. These calculations might be useful for problems where it is necessary to formulate the requirements for the communications channel transmitting the PWM signal.
JASPER: a software for quantum chromodynamics Dyson-Schwinger equation numerical calculation
Authors: Semenov-Tian-Shansky K M , Vokhmintsev D A
Published: November 2021

The JASPER program is the first part of the high-performance computing information system for estimate some elementary particle properties, developing at Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute. The JASPER is an implementation of the Dyson-Schwinger equation numerical solution for simple dressed quark propagator calculation in rainbow approximation. The Dyson-Schwinger equation solution with the Marice-Tandy Ansatz is one of several phenomenological approaches to obtain quantitative results in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) within strong coupling regime. The JASPER program is programmed in the C++ language and uses the numerical algorithms from the GNU Scientific Library (GSL). The numerical results for dynamical quark mass in complex Euclidean space were obtained. This result will be employed to study the hadron spectrum with the Bethe-Salpeter equation approach.
Technologies and implementation of an integration with geolocation and maps in mobile application development
Authors: Kalyuzhny E R , Krasnousov V M , Bukreev L V , Shpakovsky G A , Zarikovskaya N V
Published: November 2021

This article describes native and cross-platform technologies used to implement the functionality of geolocation and geographic maps in the development of mobile applications for iOS and Android platforms. The implementation for iOS platform using Swift programming language, for Android platform using Kotlin programming language and cross-platform implementation using Flutter framework are considered in detail.
Optimization of the task of forming a management system of hierarchical multilevel complex organizational systems
Authors: Zuev A S , Smolentseva T E , Isaev R A
Published: November 2021

A hierarchical configuration procedure in the process of analyzing the functioning of organizational structures using algorithms for solving problems using discrete programming methods is considered in detail in this paper. On the basis of the research, the authors propose a methodology for the combined application of an initial approximation algorithm with certain properties and an algorithm for a recursive procedure for a directed search for the optimal hierarchy, which, in the future, solving the traveling salesman problem in a minimum time much more efficient than using the methods of dynamic programming of branches and boundaries.
Temporal feature analysis method describing for automata models of computation systems
Authors: Sinev M P , Mitrokhin M A , Martyshkin A I , Doroshenko I N , Dubravin A V , Fedyashov M S , Gorynina A V
Published: November 2021

The paper reported the temporal feature analysis method describing for automata models of computation systems. The method is based on from source algorithm to modified algorithm expanding makes it possible to take characteristics of work process related to execution time measurement. The paper considers the transition method from source algorithm representation to modification a final state machine with additional states providing registration of temporal features. The paper demonstrates method usage example on computer system authorization algorithm, approves an algorithm complexity for features registration O(n) for n-states automata algorithm. The method can be used for a large class algorithm, but is recommended to apply it to an algorithm, separated on procedure thus mean of commands amount should be more than 500 for more time measurement accuracy.
Investigation of scheduling of circular request arrays by angle and level algorithms in grid systems
Authors: Kureichik Vladimir , Saak Andrey
Published: November 2021

The paper studies polynomial angle and level algorithms in terms of scheduling circular request arrays in the GRID systems. The suggested algorithms are analyzed on test arrays obtained from lining a square with stripes of smaller squares. The resulting heuristic measures of the resource wrappers of the level algorithm with the lack are not greater than 0.61, and the amount of error is not greater than 22%. In the GRID systems of centralized architecture, we can recommend the polynomial level algorithm with the lack for scheduling of circular request arrays.
Computational approach to solving the problem of optimizing the supply of raw materials and components at the enterprise
Authors: Mezentsev Y A , Baranova N V , Pavlov P S
Published: November 2021

The results of modelling the problem of supply management of an enterprise using discrete optimization tools are presented. The formulation of the optimization problem of supply management and the found method for its solution are presented. Since there may be cases when the number of variables in the problem is large enough, an algorithm was developed that uses the decomposition of the problem as a solution. A numerical example of the application of the decompositional algorithm for optimizing supplies and comparison of the results using the direct algorithm are given.
Equipment for connecting pipeline elements in oil and gas equipment using induction brazing
Authors: Panfilov I A , Antamoshkin O A , Bukhtoyarov V V , Agafonov E D , Eremeev D V , Vaitekunene E L
Published: November 2021

The article discusses the use of brazing and induction heating for connecting an oil and gas pipeline. The methodology of creating such compounds within the framework of the given problem is considered. The necessary equipment is considered and a schematic diagram of an induction heating device is created, as well as, as a result, a schematic process diagram of an induction soldering device is developed. An analysis and search for all possible solutions to this problem was made, and it was decided to focus on the use of induction soldering. The rationale for the use of induction brazing for such pipeline joints is considered. The application and development of an induction unit is proposed, which allows connecting pipelines for oil and gas equipment in order to increase the durability of the structure during operation at the facility.