bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Longitudinal Relationship Between Immune Cell Profiles and Frailty in Patients with Breast Cancer receiving Chemotherapy
Authors: Gilmore Nikesha , Mohile Supriya , Lei Lianlian , Culakova Eva , Mohamed Mostafa , Magnuson Allison , Loh Kah Poh , Maggiore Ronald , Belcher Elizabeth , Conlin Alison , Weiselberg Lora , Ontko Mary , Janelsins Michelle
Published: August 2020

Background: Frailty is associated with an increased risk of chemotherapy toxicity. Cellular markers of inflammation can help identify patients with frailty characteristics. However, the role of cellular markers of inflammation in identifying patients at risk of developing chemotherapy-induced frailty and their clinical utility are not fully understood.Methods: This study was a secondary analysis of a large nationwide cohort study of women with stage I-IIIC breast cancer (n=581, mean age 53.4; range 22-81). Measures were completed pre-chemotherapy (T1; ≤7 days before first cycle), post-chemotherapy (T2; ≤ 1 month after last cycle), and 6 months post-chemotherapy (T3). Frailty was assessed at all three time-points using a modified Fried score consisting of four self-reported measures (weakness, exhaustion, physical activity, and walking speed; 0-4, 1 point for each). Immune cell counts as well as neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR) were obtained at T1 and T2 time-points. Separate linear regressions were used to evaluate the associations of: 1) cell counts at T1 with frailty at T1, T2, and T3 and 2) change in cell counts (T2-T1) with frailty at T2 and T3. We controlled for relevant covariates and frailty at the T1 time-point. Results: From T1 to T2, the mean frailty score increased (1.3 vs 2.0; p<0.01) and returned to T1 levels by the T3 time-point (1.3 vs 1.3; p=0.85). At the T1 time-point, there was a positive association between cellular markers of inflammation and frailty: WBC (β=0.04; p<0.05), neutrophils (β=0.04; p<0.05), and NLR (β=0.04; p<0.01). From T1 to T2, a greater increase in cellular markers of inflammation was associated with frailty at T2 (WBC: β=0.02; p<0.05, neutrophils: β=0.03; p<0.05, NLR: β=0.03; p<0.01). These associations remained significant after controlling for the receipt of growth factors with chemotherapy. Conclusions: In patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy, cellular markers of inflammation are associated with frailty. Immune cell counts may help clinicians identify patients at risk of frailty during chemotherapy. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01382082
Subcutaneous Trastuzumab with Pertuzumab and Docetaxel in HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer: Final Analysis of MetaPHER, A Phase 3b Single-Arm Safety Study
Authors: Kümmel Sherko , Tondini Carlo Alberto , Abraham Jacinta , Nowecki Zbigniew , Itrych Bartosz , Hitre Erika , Karaszewska Bogusława , Juárez-Ramiro Alejandro , Morales-Vásquez Flavia , García Jose Manuel Pérez , Cardona-Huerta Servando , Monturus Estefania , Sequi Marco , Restuccia Eleonora , Benyunes Mark , Martín Miguel
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND Intravenous trastuzumab, pertuzumab, and docetaxel is first-line standard of care for patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. Subcutaneous trastuzumab plus intravenous pertuzumab and chemotherapy has shown similar safety and tolerability to intravenous trastuzumab in patients with HER2-positive early and metastatic breast cancer; however, in the metastatic setting, this has yet to be shown globally.METHODS In this open-label, single-arm, multicenter phase 3b study, eligible patients were ≥18 years old with histologically/cytologically confirmed previously untreated HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. All patients received ≥1 dose of subcutaneous trastuzumab (fixed-dose 600 mg) plus intravenous pertuzumab (loading dose: 840 mg/kg; maintenance dose: 420 mg/kg) and docetaxel (≥6 cycles; initial dose 75 mg/m2) every 3 weeks. The primary objective was safety and tolerability; secondary objectives included efficacy.RESULTS At clinical cutoff, 276 patients had completed the study; median duration of follow-up was 27 months. The most common any-grade adverse events were diarrhea, alopecia, and asthenia. The most common grade ≥3 adverse events were neutropenia, febrile neutropenia, and hypertension. There were no cardiac deaths and mean left ventricular ejection fraction was stable over time. Median investigator-assessed progression-free survival was 18.7 months; objective response rate was 75.6%.CONCLUSIONS Efficacy/safety results of subcutaneous trastuzumab plus intravenous pertuzumab and docetaxel in metastatic breast cancer are consistent with historical evidence of intravenous trastuzumab. These findings further support the body of evidence indicating that subcutaneous administration does not affect the safety and efficacy profile of trastuzumab in HER2-positive breast cancer. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02402712 (date of registration: 30th March 2015)
Tamoxifen Suppresses Brain Metastasis of Estrogen Receptor-deficient Breast Cancer by Skewing Microglia Polarization and Enhancing Their Immune Functions
Authors: Wu Shih-Ying , Sharma Sambad , Wu Kerui , Tyagi Abhishek , Zhao Dan , Deshpande Ravindra Pramod , Watabe Kounosuke
Published: August 2020

Background: Brain metastasis of breast cancer exhibits exceedingly poor prognosis, and both triple negative and Her2+ subtypes have the highest incidence of brain metastasis. Although estrogen blockers are considered to be ineffective for their treatment, recent evidences indicate that estrogen blockade using tamoxifen showed certain efficacy. However, how estrogen affects brain metastasis of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains elusive. Methods: To examine the effect of estrogen on brain metastasis progression, nude mice were implanted with brain metastatic cells and treated with either estrogen supplement, tamoxifen or ovariectomy for estrogen depletion. For clinical validation study, brain metastasis specimens from pre- and post-menopause breast cancer patients were examined for microglia polarization by immunohistochemistry. To examine the estrogen-induced M2 microglia polarization, microglia cells were treated with estrogen and the M1/M2 microglia polarization was detected by qRT-PCR and FACS. The estrogen receptor-deficient brain metastatic cells, SkBrM and 231BrM, were treated with conditioned medium (CM) derived from microglia that were treated with estrogen in the presence or absence of tamoxifen. The effect of microglia-derived CMs on tumor cells was examined by colony formation assay and sphere forming ability. Results: We found that M2 microglia were abundantly infiltrated in brain metastasis of pre-menopausal breast cancer patients. A similar observation was made in vivo, when we treated mice systemically with estrogen. Blocking of estrogen signaling either by tamoxifen treatment or surgical resection of mice ovaries suppressed M2 microglial polarization and decreased the secretion of C-C motif chemokine ligand 5, resulting in suppression of brain metastasis. The estrogen modulation also suppressed stemness in TNBC cells in vitro. Importantly, estrogen enhanced the expression of signal regulatory protein α on microglia and restricted their phagocytic ability. Conclusions: Our results indicate that estrogen promotes brain metastasis by skewing polarity of M2 microglia and inhibiting their phagocytic ability, while tamoxifen suppresses brain metastasis by blocking the M2 polarization of microglia and increasing their anti-tumor phagocytic ability. Our results also highlight a potential therapeutic utility of tamoxifen for treating brain metastasis of hormone receptor deficient breast cancer.
Manifestasi Teologi Tanah Hassan Hanafi Dalam Gerakan Reclaiming Petani Di Rotorejo-Kruwuk Blitar
Authors: Afifudin Ridho
Published: August 2020

Abstract

This paper discusses the movement of farmer groups in Blitar in fighting for their rights to plantation land. The land is the company's land that has expired its contract (ex-HGU), so based on government regulations and existing laws, the position of the land may be claimed by residents. But the struggle of the farmers was not as smooth as expected. Various upheaval arose in the process. From this problem, the author sees this problem from the perspective of Hassan Hanafi’s concept of theology. Hanafi explained how human faith became the spirit of the movement to fight for justice. There are two principles stated; First, the principle of needs and benefits, is who most needs access to the land along with the large benefits that will be received. Second, the principle of agreement and understanding; This principle concerns the process of negotiation (deliberation) between the two parties, especially in terms of compensation (ta'widh) if there is a party harmed.

Keywords: Teologi, Hassan Hanafi, Gerakan Petani.

 

Abstrak

Artikel ini membahas pergerakan kelompok tani di Blitar dalam memperjuangkan hak mereka atas tanah perkebunan. Tanah tersebut adalah tanah perusahaan yang telah habis masa kontraknya (ex-HGU), jadi berdasarkan peraturan pemerintah dan undang-undang yang ada, posisi tanah tersebut dapat diklaim oleh penduduk. Namun perjuangan para petani itu tidak semulus yang diharapkan. Berbagai pergolakan muncul dalam prosesnya. Dari masalah ini, penulis melihat masalah ini dalam perspektif konsep teologi Hassan Hanafi. Seperti yang Hanafi jelaskan tentang bagaimana iman manusia menjadi semangat gerakan untuk memperjuangkan keadilan. Ada dua prinsip yang dinyatakan; Pertama, prinsip kebutuhan dan manfaat, adalah siapa yang paling membutuhkan akses ke tanah bersama dengan manfaat besar yang akan diterima. Kedua, prinsip kesepakatan dan pemahaman; Prinsip ini menyangkut proses negosiasi (musyawarah) antara kedua pihak, terutama dalam hal kompensasi (ta'widh) jika ada pihak yang dirugikan.

Kata Kunci: Teologi, Hassan Hanafi, Gerakan Petani.
Eupatilin Inhibits the Proliferation and Migration of Prostate Cancer Cells through Modulation of PTEN and NF-κB Signaling
Authors: Serttas Riza , Koroglu Cagla , Erdogan Suat
Published: August 2020

Background:

Despite advances in the treatment of prostate cancer, side effects and the risks of developing
drug resistance require new therapeutic agents. Eupatilin is a secondary metabolite of Artemisia asiatica
and has shown potential anti-tumor activity in some cancers, but its potential in prostate cancer treatment has
not yet been evaluated.

Objective:

The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of eupatilin on prostate cancer cell proliferation
and migration.

Methods:

Human prostate cancer PC3 and LNCaP cells were exposed to eupatilin and its efficacy on cell survival
was determined by the MTT test. Apoptosis and cell cycle phases were evaluated by an image-based cytometer.
Cell migration and invasion were evaluated by wound healing and matrigel migration assays; the expression
of mRNA and protein was assessed by RT-qPCR and Western blot, respectively.

Results:

Eupatilin time- and dose-dependently reduced the viability of prostate cancer cells. Exposure of PC3
cells to 12.5μM-50μM eupatilin resulted in apoptosis by upregulating the expression of caspase 3, Bax and
cytochrome c. Annexin V assessment also confirmed that eupatilin causes apoptosis. The treatment significantly
upregulated the mRNA expression of p53, p21, and p27, causing cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase. Administration
of eupatilin inhibited migration and invasion of the cells by downregulating the expression of Twist, Slug
and MMP-2, -7. In addition, the agent increased protein expression of tumor suppressor PTEN, while transcription
factor NF-κB expression was reduced.

Conclusion:

Eupatilin strongly prevents the proliferation of prostate cancer cells, and suppresses migration and
invasion. Due to its therapeutic potential, the clinical use of eupatilin in prostate cancer should also be supported
by in vivo studies.
Leaf Image Classification with the Aid of Transfer Learning: A Deep Learning Approach
Authors: Dammavalam Srinivasa Rao , Challagundla Ramesh Babu , Kiran Vangipuram Sravan , Nuvvusetty Rajasekhar , Baru Lalith Bharadwaj , Boddeda Rohit , Kanumolu Sai Vardhan
Published: August 2020

Background:

Crop diseases are a primary hazard to nutrient safety, which proves to be a
serious problem in many places in the world due to the unavailability of essential aid. Typically agriculturalists
or specialists perceive the plants with a naked eye for detection and identification of
an illness. Machine vision models, in specific Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have directed
an impact in feature extraction to a greater extent. Since 2015, numerous solicitations for the
automatic classification and recognition of crop illnesses have been established.

Methods:

In this paper, we proposed, analyzed, and assessed various state-of-the-art models proposed
over a decade. These models are pre-trained with the finest parameters where we modeled a
design-oriented method with numerous leaf-images and classified them into infection and healthy
class for each type of leaf independently.

Results:

Through our examination, we concluded that VGG models stand-alone with many cited
prototypes and give on par results. As declared, these VGG models (VGG16 and VGG19) are utilized
for feature extraction, and further, we augmented a set of dense layers and train them consequently
for classification. The performances of various machine vision prototypes were pictorially
perceived and their sophisticated architecture is not only capable of extracting detailed features but
also repressed many loop-holes. The performance is assessed and computed for several types of leaf
images and the accuracy scores attained were more than 97.5% for VGG16 and 96.72% for VGG19.

Conclusion:

AUC-ROC curves were portrayed to illustrate its inspiration in defining an accurate
classification where VGG16 and VGG19 have at least 96.6% and 95% area under the curve (AUC)
which resembles their robustness.
Caracterización espacial de la ganadería bovina en la Orinoquia colombiana
Authors: Molina-Benavides Raúl Andrés , Bustamante-Zamudio Clarita , Martínez-Arias Adriana , Uribe-Ceballos José Reinel , Redondo-Ortegón Johan Manuel
Published: August 2020

Objetivo. Utilizar los sistemas de información geográfica (SIG) como herramienta complementaria para caracterizar la ganadería bovina realizada en la región de la Orinoquia. Materiales y métodos. A través del uso de tecnologías espaciales se recopiló la información concerniente a la orientación ganadera, fisiografía, cobertura vegetal y catastro de la zona de estudio para su posterior análisis a través del software ACCESS de Microsoft. Resultados. En un alto porcentaje de los predios ganaderos ubicados en los cuatro departamentos de la Orinoquía (Casanare:72.7%, Meta:49.5%, Arauca:42% y Vichada:32%) predominan las coberturas de pastos, herbazales y vegetación secundaria, confirmando la expansión en la frontera agropecuaria que es promovida por la actividad ganadera en el país. Conclusiones. El uso de los SIG, permite realizar una mejor planificación y distribución eficiente de los recursos destinados a mejorar el funcionamiento de los sistemas de producción. Por ejemplo, en zonas donde la matriz de coberturas predominante son los pastizales y herbazales, las estrategias en pro de la sostenibilidad pueden enfocarse en la implementación de sistemas silvopastoriles, contrario a lo que pasaría en zonas donde la matriz de coberturas tenga un alto porcentaje de bosques naturales.
Condición corporal y reinicio de la actividad ovárica posparto en vacas Holstein en Ecuador
Authors: Balarezo-Urresta Luís , García-Díaz Juan Ramón , Noval-Artiles Ernesto
Published: August 2020

Objetivo. Determinar la influencia de la condición corporal al parto (CCP) en el reinicio de la actividad ovárica (RAO) posparto de la vaca Holstein en la región andina de Ecuador. Materiales y métodos. Se trabajaron 30 vacas. Se determinaron el momento de aparición del folículo dominante (FD), de ovulación y de actividad luteal; la duración del ciclo estral, el volumen del cuerpo lúteo (CL) y las concentraciones de progesterona (P4) en suero sangíneo. Los estadígrafos descriptivos de las variables del RAO y sus indicadores se compararon según la CCP mediante una prueba de t-Student para muestras independientes. Se evaluó la asociación entre la CCP y el RAO posparto mediante un estudio caso control. Resultados. La duración del ciclo estral fue 23.10 días, el 46.67% de las vacas tuvo ciclos normales y el 53.33% ciclos anormales. El FD, la ovulación y la actividad luteal ocurrieron a los 16.63, 27.76 y 41.38 días posparto, respectivamente; antes (p<0.05) en vacas con CCP ≥ 3.5; en las que fueron mayores (p<0.05) el volumen del CL y las concentraciones de P4. La CCP se correlacionó (p<0.05) con los parámetros del RAO. Las vacas con CCP <3.5 puntos, tienen 10.50 veces más probabilidades de tener RAO tardío que las que tienen CCP ≥ de 3.5 puntos. Conclusiones. El RAO fue temprano, sobre el influyó la CCP, la que constituyó un factor de riesgo (p<0.05) para que las vacas tengan un RAO tardío.
Parámetros hematológicos en caballos peruanos de paso en la provincia de Lambayeque
Authors: Rojas-Risco Liliana Libertad , Montalván-Damián Paola Antonella , Paredes-Valderrama Juan Raphael
Published: August 2020

Objetivo. Determinar los parámetros hematológicos según el estado reproductivo en caballos peruanos de Paso en la provincia de Lambayeque. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó la investigación con 60 caballos adultos (>4 años), clínicamente sanos y sin tratamiento farmacológico previo; según su estado reproductivo se formaron cuatro grupos de 15 ejemplares cada uno: macho castrado, macho entero, yegua vacía y yegua gestante. Primero se realizó el examen clínico general para confirmar su buen estado de salud, luego se extrajo sangre de la vena yugular a todos los caballos. Las muestras se procesaron por análisis hematológicos y se determinaron las variables de la serie roja (hemoglobina, hematocrito, glóbulos rojos, volumen corpuscular medio [VCM], hemoglobina corpuscular media [HCM] y concentración de hemoglobina corpuscular media [CHCM]). Igualmente, la serie blanca (leucocitos, neutrófilos segmentados y abastonados, basófilos, monocitos, linfocitos, eosinófilos) y serie trombocítica fueron procesados y determinados. Se utilizaron métodos manuales, fórmulas matemáticas y método Drabkin en el laboratorio de patología clínica. Se aplicó la prueba estadística de Kruskal Wallis y se obtuvo la media, desviación estándar y rangos de las variables. Resultados. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la serie blanca, roja y trombocítica de acuerdo con el sexo o estado reproductivo, a excepción del número de los basófilos que fue mayor en machos enteros. Conclusiones. Los parámetros hematológicos según el estado reproductivo del caballo peruano de paso se encuentran dentro de los rangos establecidos por la literatura especializada. Sin embargo, el número los linfocitos que fue mucho menor.
Views of Implementers and Nonimplementers of Internet-Administered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety: Survey of Primary Care Decision Makers in Sweden
Authors: Brantnell Anders , Woodford Joanne , Baraldi Enrico , van Achterberg Theo , von Essen Louise
Published: August 2020

Background

Internet-administered cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) has been demonstrated to be an effective intervention for adults with depression and/or anxiety and is recommended in national guidelines for provision within Swedish primary care. However, the number and type of organizations that have implemented ICBT within primary care in Sweden is currently unclear. Further, there is a lack of knowledge concerning barriers and facilitators to ICBT implementation.

Objective

The two primary objectives were to identify and describe primary care organizations providing ICBT in Sweden and compare decision makers’ (ie, directors of primary care organizations) views on barriers and facilitators to implementation of ICBT among ICBT implementers (ie, organizations that offered ICBT) and nonimplementers (ie, organizations that did not offer ICBT).

Methods

An online survey based on a checklist for identifying barriers and facilitators to implementation was developed and made accessible to decision makers from all primary care organizations in Sweden. The survey consisted of background questions (eg, provision of ICBT and number of persons working with ICBT) and barriers and facilitators relating to the following categories: users, therapists, ICBT programs, organizations, and wider society.

Results

The participation rate was 35.75% (404/1130). The majority (250/404, 61.8%) of participants were health care center directors and had backgrounds in nursing. Altogether, 89.8% (363/404) of the participating organizations provided CBT. A minority (83/404, 20.5%) of organizations offered ICBT. Most professionals delivering ICBT were psychologists (67/83, 80%) and social workers (31/83, 37%). The majority (61/83, 73%) of organizations had 1 to 2 persons delivering ICBT interventions. The number of patients treated with ICBT during the last 12 months was 1 to 10 in 65% (54/83) of the organizations, ranging between 1 and 400 treated patients across the whole sample. There were 9 significant (P<.05) differences out of 37 possible between implementers and nonimplementers. For example, more implementers (48/51, 94%) than nonimplementers (107/139, 76.9%) perceived few technical problems (P<.001), and more implementers (53/77, 68%) than nonimplementers (103/215, 47.9%) considered that their organization has resources to offer ICBT programs (P<.001).

Conclusions

Despite research demonstrating the effectiveness of ICBT for depression and anxiety and national guidelines recommending its use, ICBT is implemented in few primary care organizations in Sweden. Several interesting differences between implementers and nonimplementers were identified, which may help inform interventions focusing on facilitating the implementation of ICBT.
Applying and Extending the FITT Framework to Identify the Challenges and Opportunities of Successful eHealth Services for Patient Self-Management: Qualitative Interview Study (Preprint)
Authors: Kujala Sari , Ammenwerth Elske , Kolanen Heta , Ervast Minna
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

The number of public eHealth services that support patient self-management is rapidly increasing. However, the implementation of these eHealth services for self-management has encountered challenges.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this paper was to analyze the challenges and opportunities of implementing eHealth services for self-management by focusing on the fit between the technical solution and clinical use.

METHODS

We performed in-depth interviews with 10 clinical project coordinators and managers who were responsible for developing and implementing various eHealth services for self-management interventions in five university hospitals in Finland. The results were analyzed using content analysis and open coding. The Fit between Individuals, Task, and Technology (FITT) framework was used to interpret the findings.

RESULTS

The implementation of self-management services involved many challenges related to technical problems, health professional acceptance, patient motivation, and health organization and management. The implementers identified practices to manage the identified challenges, including improving the design of the technology, supporting health professionals in the adoption of the eHealth services, changing the work processes and tasks, involving patients, and collectively planning the implementation inside an organization. The findings could be mostly attributed to the dimensions of the FITT framework.

CONCLUSIONS

The FITT framework helped to analyze the challenges related to the implementation, and most of them were related to poor fit. The importance of patients as stakeholders in eHealth services for patient self-management needs to be highlighted. Thus, we propose that patients should be added as a different type of individual dimension to the FITT framework. In addition, the framework could be extended to include organization and management in a new context dimension.
A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Process of Copying a Complex Figure in Early- and Late-Onset Alzheimer Disease: A Quantitative Analysis of Digital Pen Data (Preprint)
Authors: Kim Ko Woon , Lee Sung Yun , Choi Jongdoo , Chin Juhee , Lee Byung Hwa , Na Duk L , Choi Jee Hyun
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

The Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (RCFT) is a neuropsychological test that is widely used to assess visual memory and visuoconstructional deficits in patients with cognitive impairment, including Alzheimer disease (AD). Patients with AD have an increased tendency for exhibiting extraordinary behaviors in the RCFT for selecting the drawing area, organizing the figure, and deciding the order of images, among other activities. However, the conventional scoring system based on pen and paper has a limited ability to reflect these detailed behaviors.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to establish a scoring system that addresses not only the spatial arrangement of the finished drawing but also the drawing process of patients with AD by using digital pen data.

METHODS

A digital pen and tablet were used to copy complex figures. The stroke patterns and kinetics of normal controls (NCs) and patients with early-onset AD (EOAD) and late-onset AD (LOAD) were analyzed by comparing the pen tip trajectory, spatial arrangement, and similarity of the finished drawings.

RESULTS

Patients with AD copied the figure in a more fragmented way with a longer pause than NCs (EOAD: P=.045; LOAD: P=.01). Patients with AD showed an increased tendency to draw the figures closer toward the target image in comparison with the NCs (EOAD: P=.005; LOAD: P=.01) Patients with AD showed the lower accuracy than NCs (EOAD: P=.004; LOAD: P=.002). Patients with EOAD and LOAD showed similar but slightly different drawing behaviors, especially in space use and in the initial stage of drawing.

CONCLUSIONS

The digitalized complex figure test evaluated copying performance quantitatively and further elucidated the patients’ ongoing process during copying. We believe that this novel approach can be used as a digital biomarker of AD. In addition, the repeatability of the test will delineate the process of executive functions and constructional organization abilities with disease progression.
Evaluation of Korean-Language COVID-19–Related Medical Information on YouTube: Cross-Sectional Infodemiology Study (Preprint)
Authors: Moon Hana , Lee Geon Ho
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

In South Korea, the number of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases has declined rapidly and much sooner than in other countries. South Korea is one of the most digitalized countries in the world, and YouTube may have served as a rapid delivery mechanism for increasing public awareness of COVID-19. Thus, the platform may have helped the South Korean public fight the spread of the disease.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to compare the reliability, overall quality, title–content consistency, and content coverage of Korean-language YouTube videos on COVID-19, which have been uploaded by different sources.

METHODS

A total of 200 of the most viewed YouTube videos from January 1, 2020, to April 30, 2020, were screened, searching in Korean for the terms “Coronavirus,” “COVID,” “Corona,” “Wuhan virus,” and “Wuhan pneumonia.” Non-Korean videos and videos that were duplicated, irrelevant, or livestreamed were excluded. Source and video metrics were collected. The videos were scored based on the following criteria: modified DISCERN index, Journal of the American Medical Association Score (JAMAS) benchmark criteria, global quality score (GQS), title–content consistency index (TCCI), and medical information and content index (MICI).

RESULTS

Of the 105 total videos, 37.14% (39/105) contained misleading information; independent user–generated videos showed the highest proportion of misleading information at 68.09% (32/47), while all of the government-generated videos were useful. Government agency–generated videos achieved the highest median score of DISCERN (5.0, IQR 5.0-5.0), JAMAS (4.0, IQR 4.0-4.0), GQS (4.0, IQR 3.0-4.5), and TCCI (5.0, IQR 5.0-5.0), while independent user–generated videos achieved the lowest median score of DISCERN (2.0, IQR 1.0-3.0), JAMAS (2.0, IQR 1.5-2.0), GQS (2.0, IQR 1.5-2.0), and TCCI (3.0, IQR 3.0-4.0). However, the total MICI was not significantly different among sources. “Transmission and precautionary measures” were the most commonly covered content by government agencies, news agencies, and independent users. In contrast, the most mentioned content by news agencies was “prevalence,” followed by “transmission and precautionary measures.”

CONCLUSIONS

Misleading videos had more likes, fewer comments, and longer running times than useful videos. Korean-language YouTube videos on COVID-19 uploaded by different sources varied significantly in terms of reliability, overall quality, and title–content consistency, but the content coverage was not significantly different. Government-generated videos had higher reliability, overall quality, and title–content consistency than independent user–generated videos.
Health Care Workers’ Reasons for Choosing Between Two Different COVID-19 Prophylaxis Trials in an Acute Pandemic Context: Single-Center Questionnaire Study (Preprint)
Authors: Borobia Alberto M , García-García Irene , Díaz-García Lucía , Rodríguez-Mariblanca Amelia , Martínez de Soto Lucía , Monserrat Villatoro Jaime , Seco Meseguer Enrique , González Juan J , Frías Iniesta Jesús , Ramírez García Elena , Arribas Jose Ramón , Carcas-Sansuán Antonio J
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

In April 2020, two independent clinical trials to assess SARS-CoV-2 prophylaxis strategies among health care workers were initiated at our hospital: MeCOVID (melatonin vs placebo) and EPICOS (tenofovir disoproxil/emtricitabine vs hydroxychloroquine vs combination therapy vs placebo).

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to evaluate the reasons why health care workers chose to participate in the MeCOVID and EPICOS trials, as well as why they chose one over the other.

METHODS

Both trials were offered to health care workers through an internal news bulletin. After an initial screening visit, all subjects were asked to respond to a web-based survey.

RESULTS

In the first month, 206 health care workers were screened and 160 were randomized. The survey participation was high at 73.3%. Health care workers cited “to contribute to scientific knowledge” (n=80, 53.0%), followed by “to avoid SARS-CoV-2 infection” (n=33, 21.9%) and “the interest to be tested for SARS-CoV-2” (n=28, 18.5%), as their primary reasons to participate in the trials. We observed significant differences in the expected personal benefits across physicians and nurses (P=.01). The vast majority of volunteers (n=202, 98.0%) selected the MeCOVID trial, their primary reason being their concern regarding adverse reactions to treatments in the EPICOS trial (n=102, 69.4%).

CONCLUSIONS

Health care workers’ reasons to participate in prophylaxis trials in an acute pandemic context appear to be driven largely by their desire to contribute to science and to gain health benefits. Safety outweighed efficacy when choosing between the two clinical trials.
Advancing Nephrology
Authors: Braden Gregory L. , Chapman Arlene , Ellison David H. , Gadegbeku Crystal A. , Gurley Susan B. , Igarashi Peter , Kelepouris Ellie , Moxey-Mims Marva M. , Okusa Mark D. , Plumb Troy J. , Quaggin Susan E. , Salant David J. , Segal Mark S. , Shankland Stuart J. , Somlo Stefan
Published: August 2020

New treatments, new understanding, and new approaches to translational research are transforming the outlook for patients with kidney diseases. A number of new initiatives dedicated to advancing the field of nephrology—from value-based care to prize competitions—will further improve outcomes of patients with kidney disease. Because of individual nephrologists and kidney organizations in the United States, such as the American Society of Nephrology, the National Kidney Foundation, and the Renal Physicians Association, and international nephrologists and organizations, such as the International Society of Nephrology and the European Renal Association–European Dialysis and Transplant Association, we are beginning to gain traction to invigorate nephrology to meet the pandemic of global kidney diseases. Recognizing the timeliness of this opportunity, the American Society of Nephrology convened a Division Chief Retreat in Dallas, Texas, in June 2019 to address five key issues: (1) asserting the value of nephrology to the health system; (2) productivity and compensation; (3) financial support of faculty’s and divisions’ educational efforts; (4) faculty recruitment, retention, diversity, and inclusion; and (5) ensuring that fellowship programs prepare trainees to provide high-value nephrology care and enhance attraction of trainees to nephrology. Herein, we highlight the outcomes of these discussions and recommendations to the American Society of Nephrology.
Sobre los fundamentos de la propiedad intelectual
Authors: Wong Ramírez Sulan Cristina
Published: August 2020

La discusión sobre los fundamentos que legitiman la propiedad intelectual se suele centrar alrededor de dos grandes planteamientos: iusnaturalistas y utilitaristas. Los primeros sostienen que es posible justificar la propiedad sobre la creación intelectual recurriendo a la teoría liberal de la propiedad formulada por John Locke. Los segundos convergen en torno a la llamada “cláusula del progreso” y el argumento de los incentivos. En este trabajo se analiza si es posible o no justificar la propiedad intelectual sobre la base de dichos planteamientos, concluyendo que, dadas las paradojas identificadas, éstos resultan insuficientes.
La representación como imaginario social
Authors: Díaz Arenas Pedro Felipe , Acosta Barajas Yhon Jairo
Published: August 2020

El presente articulo dará una mirada previa a la realidad social con relación al imaginario, busca identificar los imaginarios como experiencia urbana, un modo de ser ciudadano, en este sentido la ciudad es el lugar donde converge y se producen nuevas formas de percibir y de vivir. Los estudios en esta investigación son las nociones y conceptos enmarcados en las teorías y metodologías del doctor Armando Silva y el proyecto internacional de ciudades imaginadas.
La cátedra de la paz: un escenario emergente de praxis educativa en la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira
Authors: Martínez Santa Jefferson
Published: August 2020

Este artículo presenta una reflexión que deriva de un proceso de investigación con respecto a la implementación de la Cátedra de la Paz de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, que en su apuesta pedagógica y didáctica busca formar sujetos políticos a través de un laboratorio de aprendizaje. Por lo tanto, se parte del testimonio de una de las estudiantes de la asignatura para hacer un ejercicio de interpretación frente a los alcances que ha tenido la cátedra. El texto es el resultado de un estudio de caso, de allí que muestra a partir de un despliegue narrativo un caso particular: el de una estudiante.
Lecciones de Kung Fu Panda y Karate Kid para los educadores. Un ensayo sobre la profesión docente en la Colombia de hoy
Authors: Rueda Pimiento Oscar Eduardo
Published: August 2020

El siguiente ensayo es un intento por responder a diversas preguntas que surgen de pensar la educación hoy y nuestra identidad como educadores. Es el resultado de diferentes reflexiones originadas gracias a la filmografía referenciada y empleada para caracterizar un modelo de maestro y, por extensión, de estudiantes que se perfila en los materiales consultados. Particularmente, la secuela “Kung Fu Panda”, “Karate Kid” y algunos clásicos de las artes marciales como las películas protagonizadas por Jackie Chan; películas donde encuentro contenidos que permiten puntualiza varios de los desafíos de los educadores bajo la presión de la dinámica de los nuevos tiempos y las posibilidades que existen para repensarlas en el contexto particular de Colombia.
Benchmarking the cost-effectiveness of interventions delaying diabetes: a simulation study based on NAVIGATOR data
Authors: Leal Jose , Reed Shelby D , Patel Rishi , Rivero-Arias Oliver , Li Yanhong , Schulman Kevin A , Califf Robert M , Holman Rury , Gray Alastair M
Published: August 2020

Objective: To estimate using
the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study Outcomes Model Version 2 (UKPDS-OM2)
the impact of delaying type 2 diabetes onset on costs and quality-adjusted life
expectancy using trial participants who developed diabetes in the NAVIGATOR
study.

Research design and methods: We simulated the impact of delaying diabetes onset by one to nine
years, utilising data from the 3058 of 9306 NAVIGATOR trial participants who
developed type 2 diabetes. Costs and utility
weights associated with diabetes and diabetes-related complications were obtained
for US and UK settings, with costs expressed in 2017 values. We estimated
discounted lifetime costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) with 95%
confidence intervals.

Results: Gains in QALYs
increased from 0.02 (95% CI: 0.01, 0.03; US setting) to 0.15 (95% CI: 0.11,
0.20; US setting) as the imposed time to diabetes onset was increased from one
to nine years, respectively. Savings in complication costs increased from
$1,388 (95%CI: $1,092, $1,669) for one-year delay to $8,437 (95% CI: $5603,
$8630) for a delay of nine years. Interventions costing up to $567-$2,680 and
£201-£947 per year would be cost-effective at $100,000 per QALY and £20,000 per
QALY thresholds in the US and UK, respectively, as the modelled delay in
diabetes onset was increased from one to nine years.

Conclusions: Simulating a
hypothetical diabetes-delaying intervention provides guidance concerning the
maximum cost and minimum delay in diabetes onset needed to be cost-effective. These
results can inform the ongoing debate about diabetes prevention strategies and
the design of future intervention studies.
AUTORITARISMO, AJUSTE ESTRUTURAL E NEOLIBERALISMO: RUANDA APÓS O GENOCÍDIO DE 1994
Authors: Fonseca Danilo Ferreira da
Published: August 2020

O Presente artigo visa refletir sobre os caminhos seguidos por Ruanda no período pós-genocídio de 1994, principalmente no que tange o modo que o governo da Frente Patriótica Ruandesa, liderado pelo General Paul Kagame, administra a política interna e a política econômica do país. Com uma postura autoritária frente à oposição, reprimindo vozes dissidentes até mesmo dentro de seu próprio partido, Paul Kagame, administra o país com mão de ferro, ao passo que busca implementar políticas neoliberais no âmbito econômico, o que afeta diretamente o modelo de desenvolvimento do país e os trabalhadores ruandeses. Com prestígio frente a órgãos internacionais como o Banco Mundial e potências ocidentais, Ruanda tem sido colocada como um modelo de referência para o desenvolvimento do continente africano, daí a urgência de refletir sobre o caráter autoritário e neoliberal proposto pela Frente Patriótica Ruandesa e suas consequências para a população ruandesa. O presente artigo faz parte dos resultados obtidos no decorrer da pesquisa de pós-doutoramento na Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC) no Programa de Pós-graduação em Economia Política Mundial.
A DITADURA CIVIL-MILITAR BRASILEIRA E A REPRESSÃO ALÉM FRONTEIRAS
Authors: Ávila Dias Cristiane Medianeira
Published: August 2020

O objetivo do presente artigo é analisar o monitoramento efetuado pelo Centro de Informações do Exterior (CIEX) e a Divisão de Segurança e Informações do Ministério das Relações Exteriores (DSI/MRE), sobre os brasileiros que, após o golpe de 11 de setembro de 1973 no Chile, foram obrigados a partirem para a Argentina. A ação desses dois órgãos de segurança baseava-se na necessidade de combater o inimigo para além das fronteiras nacionais, com a finalidade de impedir que as organizações de esquerda brasileiras e de outros países do Cone Sul estabelecessem redes políticas, visando a formação de um movimento revolucionário regional.
O PASSADO E A ATUALIDADE DO PENSAMENTO POLÍTICO FASCISTA: ANÁLISES SOBRE O CATOLICISMO CONSERVADOR DE PLÍNIO SALGADO ENTRE BRASIL E PORTUGAL, POR LEANDRO PEREIRA GONÇALVES
Authors: Tanagino Pedro Ivo Dias
Published: August 2020

No atual cenário político em que o passado trágico insiste em se repetir como farsa, a historiografia e as ciências sociais, no Brasil e no mundo, têm sido marcadas pelo justificado aumento das pesquisas sobre o pensamento e a ação política no campo das Direitas, havendo aumentado consideravelmente o interesse do grande público pelo passado dos regimes e movimentos políticos das Direitas no século XX, especialmente, sobre o passado dos fascismos. É nesse atual contexto histórico em que se insere de forma necessária e coerente o livro “Plínio Salgado: um católico integralista entre Portugal e o Brasil (1895-1975)”, do historiador brasileiro Leandro Pereira Gonçalves, livro publicado em Portugal, em 2017, pela editora Imprensa de Ciências Sociais, e no Brasil, em 2018, pela FGV Editora.
ASPECTOS DA “MODERNIZAÇÃO” DA AGRICULTURA DURANTE A DITADURA CIVIL-MILITAR BRASILEIRA (1964-1985): VÍNCULOS, MÉTODOS E ESTRATÉGIAS
Authors: Ribeiro Marcos Vinicius , Wolfart Cintia , Da Silva Marcio Antônio Both
Published: August 2020

O artigo aborda alguns dos principais aspectos da política de “modernização” da agricultura aplicada ao caso brasileiro no período da ditadura civil-militar (1964-1985). Nosso interesse é compreender o produto destas políticas em relação ao treinamento dos sujeitos envolvidos no processo. Para tanto, destacamos a atuação das multinacionais via influência direta ou mediada no e pelo Estado brasileiro, bem como algumas metodologias aplicadas em esfera local com destaque para o caso dos Clubes 4S. Apresentamos e analisamos, também, algumas das estratégias empregadas para o convencimento dos trabalhadores rurais, as quais tinham como fito proporcionar condições para a implantação dos aspectos centrais do projeto de “modernização” da agricultura.
Strengthening Organizational Citizenship Behavior Through The Implementation of Transformational Leadership, Organizational Culture, and Compensation System
Authors: Riyanto Setyo , Hapsari Diana Candra
Published: August 2020

This research intends to determine the level of influence of transformational leadership, organizational culture, and compensation systems on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) within the Judicial Commission employee. The respondents of this study were 130 employees of the Judicial Commission who were civil servants. The technique of data collection is done by meeting respondents directly and distributing questionnaires to employees. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. The analysis shows that Transformational Leadership, Organizational Culture, and Compensation significantly influence OCB. This study also shows that organizational culture is the dominant variable and influence on OCB within the Judicial Commission employees.
PREDIKSI KONDISI FINANCIAL DISTRESS PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR PERUSAHAAN DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Gandi Surya , Damayanti Damayanti , Supriyanto Supriyanto
Published: August 2020

Being aware the signal of financial distress conditions is important because in the worst case scenario the company can be forced in to liquidation. This condition can be predicted using model that have been developed by many researchers. The purpose of this research is analyze and describe the effects of current asset to current liability, debt to total asset, total asset turnover, and  net income to equity in predicting the condition of financial distress in manufacturing companies listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange  in year 2012-2017. The data analiysis method is logit regression. The resecarch sample used purposive sampling tecnique. The result of wald test (partial) showed that current asset to current liability, debt to total asset and  total asset turnover that have significant effects to predict the condition of  financial distress in company, whilst net income to equity not significant to predict the condition of financial distress in the company. The result of G2/likehood showed that current asset liability, debt to total asset, total asset turnover and  net income to equity  simultaneously have significant influence to predict the condition of financial distress in company. Value of Mc fadden R-squared (R2) showed the relation among the variabels is in a very strong category.
PERSPEKTIF HALAL DAN SOSIAL MEDIA PADA PEMBELIAN KOSMETIK
Authors: Putri Larassanti Eka , Wardianto K. Bagus , Subagia Ghia
Published: August 2020

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kesadaran logo halal dan iklan media sosial Instagram terhadap keputusan pembelian produk kosmetik.  Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah explanatory research dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah konsumen wanita yang menggunakan kosmetik Wardah di Bandar Lampung, dengan sampel sebanyak 100 responden. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuisioner, dan dianalisis menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kesadaran logo halal, dan iklan media sosial Instagram berpengaruh signifikan secara parsial maupun silmultan terhadap keputusan pembelian kosmetik. Kehalalan dapat menjadi branding yang semakin kuat, jika didukung dengan promosi melalui media sosial, yang mampu menjangkau segmentasi pasar yang lebih luas terhadap produk lokal.

 

ABSTRACT

This study aims to determine the effect of Awareness of the Halal Logo and Instagram Social Media Ads on Wardah Cosmetics Purchasing Decisions. This type of research used in this research is explanatory research with a quantitative approach. The population in this study is female consumers who use Wardah cosmetics in Bandar Lampung. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling with a sample of 100 respondents. The data was obtained from a questionnaire using a Likert scale. The results of this study explain that Awareness of the Halal Logo, and Instagram Social Media Ads significantly influence Wardah Cosmetics Purchasing Decisions. Simultaneous testing results showed that Halal Logo Awareness and Instagram Social Media Ads had a significant effect on Wardah Cosmetics Purchasing Decisions.
Hubungan Karakteristik Inovasi dan Pola Komunikasi terhadap Keberlanjutan Penerapan Teknologi Padi Salibu di Kabupaten Tanah Datar
Authors: Wahyuni Sri
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) mendeskripsikan karakteristik inovasi, pola komunikasi dan keberlanjutan penerapan teknologi salibu di Kabupaten Tanah Datar, dan 2) menganalisis hubungan karakteristik inovasi dan pola komunikasi terhadap keberlanjutan penerapan padi salibu di Kabupaten Tanah Datar. Penelitian ini dirancang secara kuantitatif menggunakan metode survei dan didukung data deskriptif kualitatif. Lokasi penelitian dipilih secara purposif berdasarkan topografi lokasi, yaitu di Kecamatan Pariangan dan Kecamatan Batipuh. Analisis data penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis statitistik deskriptif dan statistik inferensia menggunakan software SPSS 23.00. Karakteristik inovasi teknologi salibu umumnya tergolong baik, dimana penerapan teknologi salibu di kedua daerah memiliki keuntungan relatif, sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan sumberdaya yang dimiliki petani, tidak rumit dan mudah dipraktikkan di lahan kecil, serta dapat diamati pertumbuhan dan hasilnya. Pola komunikasi para pelaku dalam menerapkan padi salibu sudah berlangsung baik, dimana tipe komunikasi yang diterapkan berlangsung dialogis dengan melibatkan partisipasi seluruh pelaku, arah komunikasi berlangsung ke segala arah (konvergen), frekuensi komunikasi sering dilakukan, dan kualitas komunikasi berlangsung baik di mana pelaku sama-sama memahami makna pesan yang disampaikan. Penerapan padi salibu di kedua daerah sudah berkelanjutan baik di setiap musim panen, pertambahan luas lahan, hingga keinginan untuk terus menerapkan dan mengembangkan teknologi salibu. Keberlanjutan tersebut didukung oleh karakteristik inovasi dan pola komunikasi di kedua daerah