bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Berat lahir bayi beserta determinannya sebagai faktor risiko kematian bayi di Indonesia: analisis lanjut SDKI 2012
Authors: Farida Ida
Published: August 2018

Angka Kematian Bayi (AKB) di Indonesia masih tinggi disebabkan kejadian bayi berat lahir rendah (BBLR) yang tinggi. Bayi merupakan tahap awal perjalanan hidup manusia penerus bangsa. Bayi merupakan investasi sumber daya manusia (SDM) untuk masa yang akan datang. Kualitas kehidupan bayi secara tidak langsung akan menjadi estimasi kualitas kehidupan bangsa di masa yang akan datang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh berat lahir terhadap kelangsungan hidup bayi. Penelitian dengan desain studi kohort retrospektif ini menggunakan sumber data sekunder Survei Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) tahun 2012 dengan menggunakan model probit untuk analisis. Hasil : Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa yang berpengaruh signifikan secara positif dalam penentuan BBLR adalah jarak kelahiran, umur ibu ketika melahirkan, komplikasi kehamilan, paritas (banyak kelahiran), kualitas dan kuantitas antenatal care (ANC), sosial ekonomi keluarga dan daerah tempat tinggal dengan penjelasan pengaruh dari masing-masing variabel tersebut terhadap presentase probabilitas bayi lahir dengan tidak BBLR sebagai berikut :    jarak kelahiran lebih dari dua tahun memiliki sebesar 6,21%    usia melahirkan ideal sebesar 2,98%    tidak adanya komplikasi selama kehamilan sebesar 6,46%    jumlah anak kurang dari tiga sebesar 5,1%    kualitas ANC ketika hamil sebesar 13,63%    tingkat sosial ekonominya lebih baik sebesar 13,25%    tempat tinggal di kota sebesar 9,04%Sedangkan yang tidak signifikan dalam mempengaruhi adalah  jenis kelamin bayi. Kesimpulan: Kelangsungan hidup bayi dapat ditentukan melalui berat bayi ketika dilahirkan. Terdapat beberapa karakteristik yang mempengaruhi hasil dari berat bayi lahir tersebut. Karakteristik tersebut antara lain adalah karakteristik bayi, ibu, pelayanan kesehatan dan karakteristik lingkungan. Karakteristik ibu menjadi faktor yang paling signifikan dalam menentukan berat bayi lahir tersebut, dimana intervensi dapat dilakukan lebih utama kepada ibu yang dapat secara siginifikan menurunkan angka AKB.
Horse Archetype and Its Relationship with Hero Patterns on Luster Pottery in the Seljuk
Authors: Raof Solmaz , Neyestani Javad
Published: August 2018

Horse with the hero archetype are the most common mythological motif. In Jung’s opinion, archetypes are collective unconscious contents which potentially exist in the human’s mind; therefore, myth is not limited to the time and space. The pattern of horse and horseman was used on pottery and in wall paintings, paintings and drawings throughout the history. This kind of pattern is observed frequently on different artworks of the Seljuk Period (Eleventh and twelfth centuries AD). During the 10th century, due to various events, the Oghuz had come into close contact with Muslim cities. Seljuk Turks had a strong interaction with the nature. They fought with their neighbors to find suitable permanent pastures; so, war and hunting were their favorite works and subjects. One of the artworks on which these patterns were frequently used was golden shades and enamel pottery in the Seljuk Period. Pottery in this period is important in terms of its qualitative and quantitative value. In this article, first we address Jung’s opinions about the hero and horse pattern as an archetype; then, by introducing some samples of golden shades pottery with the pattern of horse and horseman, we will discuss the concept which the Seljuk society had understood.
Determinación del riesgo a la erosión potencial hídrica en la zona cafetera del Quindío, Colombia
Authors: Castro Quintero Andrés Felipe , Lince Salazar Luz Adriana , Riaño Melo Orlando
Published: August 2018

En la presente investigación se estimó la erosión potencial hídrica –EP-, la cual causa degradación y afectación a la fertilidad del suelo reduciendo el rendimiento del cultivo e incrementando los costos en producción. Se utilizó la Ecuación Universal de Pérdida de Suelo (USLE/RUSLE), con la formula A= (R)*(K)*(LS), se realizó muestreo aleatorio simple, en once Unidades de suelo como repeticiones. Se trabajó con el factor de erosividad de la lluvia R reportados por Lince (2015), con precipitación mensual de 19 estaciones meteorológicas para el periodo 1999-2011. El cálculo del Factor (K) se cuantificó utilizando un simulador de lluvia, los datos obtenidos fueron interpolados con kriging, y por último se halló el factor topográfico –LS-, mediante el tratamiento a la imagen Aster GDEM, propiedad de la Nasa. Luego se procedió a utilizar el álgebra de mapas. Se encontró que la EP en los municipios de Buenavista, Calarcá, Córdoba, Pijao y Génova (Quindío, Colombia) presentaron más de 27 % del área de estudio con valores de calificación de pérdida de suelo Moderada, Alta y muy Alta que van desde las 26 a más de 100 t/ha-1.año-1, y los municipios de Armenia, Circasia, Filandia, Montenegro, Quimbaya y La Tebaida, presentan EP con calificaciones consideradas como Ligera a Baja, representando hasta el 73% del área de estudio con valores que van desde 10 a 25 t/ha-1.año-1, y correspondiendo a pendientes poco pronunciadas, lo que representa pérdidas potenciales considerables en la capa orgánica del suelo.
In-depth characterization of the scanner-based selective laser deburring process
Authors: Cerwenka Georg , Surrey Philipp , Möller Mauritz , Conrad Christian , Prakash Vishnuu , Heilemann Markus , Emmelmann Claus
Published: August 2018

Scanner-based selective laser deburring (SSLD) is an innovative edge-refinement process. This wear-free deburring process uses a single laser source for several materials to create defined radii and bevels. The study is based on a three-stage approach. The first stage describes the process development with interdependencies between deburring and its process parameters, for burrs in laser cut sheet-metal parts. Edges are remelted using a 5 kW Yb:YAG laser at a wavelength of 1.03 μm and a scanner system in order to create refined edges with defined radii. Optimized parameters for the SSLD process are investigated to achieve described cutting qualities. Based on preceding studies, which examined the SSLD process parameters and a thermographic quality assurance, the second stage investigates the automated in-process part handling under certain requirements. This paper presents the dependence between the deburring result and the temperature field in- and post-process. In order to achieve this, the surface temperature near the deburred edge is monitored with infrared thermography. Strategies are discussed for the approach using the infrared information as a quality assurance. A thorough feasibility study is performed in the third stage. For this purpose, a representative specimen with complex geometry is designed. The specimen exhibits the worst case scenario for the SSLD process stability and the developed quality assurance. Based on this, the SSLD process and the quality assurance with 3D vision and accuracy determination are validated. The influence of shape complexity on edge quality is characterized for the developed SSLD process. The gathered in-depth knowledge on process behavior, the quality assurance approach, and the analysis of shape complexity influences are summarized. An outlook is given on further applications and concepts.
Analisis Daya Saing Komoditas Karet Alam Indonesia ke Pasar Global
Authors: Harahap Nurichsan Hidayah Putra , Segoro Bhima Agung
Published: August 2018

This article aims to describe how to optimize Indonesian products, such as good and service, to a global market. The global market emerges due to globalization in a modern economic era. We can access anything easily, although these needs are not produced domestically. In a global market, everybody can make transactions across national borders. Therefore, Indonesian products must also be able to compete in the global market. Natural rubber is one of the commodities that have potential in Indonesia. Indonesia is one of the largest rubber producing countries in the world, ranks second after Thailand, followed by Malaysia, Vietnam, and India. Land in Indonesia such as Riau, South Sumatera, North Sumatera, and Jambi, is suitable for planting rubber trees. As a potential commodity, Indonesian rubber products are exported to industrial countries that require rubber raw materials. Indonesia's rubber export destinations are the United States, the People's Republic of China, Japan, Singapore, and Brazil. The competitiveness of Indonesian rubber commodities in the global market is quite good today. If developed better, then Indonesia can be the largest exporter of rubber in the world, so it can increase economic growth. Although the price of rubber in the global market is declining, the export of Indonesian rubber is expected to run well.
Dekonstruksi Citra Politik Jokowi Dalam Media Sosial
Authors: Rusmulyadi Rusmulyadi , Hafiar Hanny
Published: August 2018

Proses pembentukan citra politik dapat terjadi dalam semua lini media, tidak terkecuali lewat media sosial. Media sosial telah banyak digunakan untuk mem-brading citra politik seseorang atau partai politik tertentu. Sebaliknya, media sosial ternyata juga digunakan sebagai media pertarungan simbolik untuk mendekonstuksi atau pun mendegradasi citra politik seseorang atau lembaga politik. Twitter merupakan salah satu jenis media sosial dengan karakter microblogging yang turut dimanfaatkan untuk mengkonstruksi dan juga mendekonstruksi citra politik.Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisa bagaimana citra politik mengalami dekonstruksi dalam ruang media sosial. Analisa penelitian diarahkan terhadap postingan twitter dalam hastag #2019Ganti Presiden. Sampel teks diambil dari tweet netizen yang ada dalam hastag tersebut selama bulan April 2018. Hastag ini sendiri mengacu pada upaya untuk memviralkan pergantian Presiden dalam perhelatan Pilpres 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode analisa isi kualitatif. Penelitian ini dapat disebut sebagai penelitian analisa isi teks dengan aplikasi interpretasi hermeneutis terhadap teks twitter yang dijadikan objek penelitian. Hasil penelitian memberikan gambaran bahwa dalam ruang media sosial citra politik Jokowi berupaya didekonstruksi dan dicitrakan sebagai sosok yang tidak kompeten, tidak memiliki kapabilitas sebagai pemimpin dan inkonsiten terhadap janji-janji politiknya. Berdasarkan hasil analisa dapat disimpulkan bahwa media sosial Twitter telah menjadi saluran bagi kontestasi dan perebutan citra politik. Tentu saja, di dalamnya ada proses kontruksi dan dekonstruksi.
Observasi Klinik Pemberian Aroma Pandan Wangi Terhadap Tekanan Darah Pasien Hipertensi
Authors: Priastomo Mukti , Sau Riska Putri Patila , Fadraersada Jaka
Published: August 2018

Daun pandan wangi memiliki aroma khas yang berasal dari minyak atsiri. Kandungan minyak atsiri pada daun pandan wangi terdiri dari 6–42% hidrokarbon sesquiterpen dan 6% monoterpen linalool dan 10% senyawa aromatik berupa 2-acetyl-1 pyrroline. Senyawa  minyak atsiri daun pandan wangi memberikan efek relaksasi pada pasien hipertensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat karakteristik, pola pengobatan dan efek dari pemberian aroma pandan wangi terhadap tekanan darah pasien hipertensi di Puskesmas Sempaja Samarinda. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimental quasy. Prosedur dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pengukuran awal dan pengukuran akhir. Pengumpulan data karakteristik dilakukan secara retrospektif dan didapatkan persentase tertinggi dari jenis kelamin adalah perempuan sebanyak 55,36%. Usia dengan persentase tertinggi adalah usia pertengahan sebanyak 57,14%. Obat yang paling banyak dikonsumsi adalah amlodipin sebanyak 75,45%. Hasil analisis dari pemberian aroma pandan wangi sebelum dan setelah pemberian aroma terjadi penurunan pada tekanan sistol sebanyak 7,5 mmHg, pada tekanan diastol sebanyak 1,1 mmHg dan penurunan pada denyut jantung sebanyak 3,1. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah perempuan lebih banyak menderita hipertensi, usia yang paling tinggi terkena hipertensi adalah usia pertengahan dan obat yang paling banyak dikonsumsi adalah amlodipin. Hasil dari intervensi aroma dari pandan wangi dapat menurunkan tekanan darah dan denyut jantung.
THE VARIETIES OF HOMEWORK GIVEN BY ENGLISH TEACHERS OF VOCATIONAL SCHOOLS
Authors: Azizah Dinar Martia
Published: August 2018

Learning inside the classroom is never enough because there are various limitations, so it needs the non-school hour assignment called homework. This research aims to find out the varieties of homework given by English teachers of vocational schools. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method by involving eight English teachers of vocational schools in Yogyakarta. Open-ended questionnaires, interview, and document analysis are used to collect the data. In analyzing the obtained data, the researcher does three steps, namely data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. The research results showed that homework varieties given by English teachers serve three main objectives. Those objectives are to broaden knowledge, sharpen skills, and inculcate values. It is concluded that formal education in schools requires homework that improve students' English proficiency. Besides, the existence of State Examination is regarded as a special thing that effects on learning process.Keywords: homework; broaden knowledge; sharpen skills; inculcate values; English proficiency.
BRIDGING CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS IN MEDIA DISCOURSE STUDIES
Authors: Sari Ratna , Putri Silvia Eka , Herdi Herdi , Hamuddin Budianto
Published: August 2018

The precarious and critical period of the initiation of Discourse Analysis was populer at the end of the 1990s and the beginning of 2000s. Various approaches and frameworks were proposed during the time especially in the field of Applied Linguistics. This is including Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) as one of its leading areas.� This present study aimed at exploring and catching out how the CDA� presentation in overall related to Media studies and how it can be applicable to uncover an unseen ideologies while examining the existence of media discourse studies. The study is considering 25 journal studies to scrutinize the ways and methods used in discern social phenomena while illuminating the true characteristics of the social actors. As result, it was revealed that� CDA is used openly to expose ideologies that somehow differentiate oppressed groups by offering a dummy image used by the highest authority or elite.Keywords: CDA; ideology; media discourse; social actors; power.
Pengaruh Pemberian Ibuprofen Preoperatif Terhadap Sebaran Sel Radang Kronis Pada Proses Penyembuhan Luka Pasca Pencabutan Gigi
Authors: Alviony Fanny Marisca , Hermanto Eddy , W Widaningsih
Published: August 2018

Latar Belakang: Luka adalah rusaknya sebagian jaringan tubuh yang disebabkan oleh agen kuman, parasit, jamur, trauma benda tajam, perubahan suhu, zat kimia, sengatan listrik. Fase inflamasi pada proses penyembuhan luka sangat berperan penting. Pada inflamasi kronis terdapat infiltrasi sebaran sel radang kronis yaitu makrofag, limfosit, sel plasma, eosinofil, sel mast, basofil yang disertai dengan proliferasi pembuluh darah serta fibrosis. Ibuprofen merupakan obat antiinflamasi dan analgesik yang umum diberikan setelah tindakan pencabutan gigi. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh pemberian ibuprofen preoperatif terhadap sebaran sel radang kronis pada proses penyembuhan luka pasca pencabutan gigi. Bahan dan Metode: Unit eksperimental yang digunakan adalah 20 ekor tikus Wistar jantan dan dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok, Kelompok 1 (NaCMC 0,2%), Kelompok 2 (Ibuprofen 7,2mg/200grBB). NaCMC 0,2% untuk kelompok K dan Ibuprofen untuk kelompok X  diberikan 1 jam sebelum pencabutan gigi kemudian gigi insisivus kiri bawah tikus dilakukan pencabutan. Soket kemudian dijahit dan dibiarkan sampai 7 hari. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan uji Chi-Square. Hasil: Uji Chi-Square menunjukkan ada perbedaan yang signifikan antar kelompok K dan X p=0,003 (p<0,05). Simpulan: Pemberian ibuprofen preoperatif menurunkan sebaran sel radang kronis pada proses penyembuhan luka pasca pencabutan gigi.
Efek Proteksi Ekstrak Etanol Stichopus hermanii Terhadap Jumlah Limfosit pada Tikus yang Terpapar Asap Rokok dan Diinduksi Candida albicans
Authors: Yunanda Auliasari , Revianti Syamsulina , Karsini Isidora
Published: August 2018

Latar Belakang: Merokok berhubungan dengan jamur rongga mulut yang dapat mengakibatkan oral candidiasis. Stichopus hermanii mengandung efek antioksidan, antifungi dan immunostimulator. Tujuan: Mengevaluasi efek proteksi ekstrak Stichopus hermanii terhadap jumlah limfosit pada tikus Wistar yang terpapar asap rokok dan diinduksi C.albicans. Bahan dan Metode: Rancangan penelitian ini adalah post test-only control group design. 42 ekor tikus Wistar jantan, dibagi menjadi 7 kelompok, Kelompok1 (saline 0,1mL, udara segar, CMC-Na 0,2%), Kelompok2 (saline 0,1mL, asap rokok, CMC-Na 0,2%), Kelompok3 (C.albicans 0,1mL, udara segar, CMC-Na 0,2%), Kelompok4 (C.albicans 0,1mL, asap rokok, CMC-Na 0,2%), Kelompok5 (saline 0,1mL, asap rokok, ekstrak Stichopus hermanii 0,02mg/kgBB), Kelompok6 (C.albicans 0,1mL, udara segar, ekstrak Stichopus hermanii 0,02mg/kgBB), Kelompok7 (C.albicans 0,1 mL, asap rokok, ekstrak Stichopus hermanii 0,02mg/kgBB). Tikus Wistar diinduksi C.albicans 1 minggu, terpapar asap rokok 8 minggu, dan diberi ekstrak Stichopus hermanii 8 minggu. Selanjutnya, tikus Wistar dikorbankan setelah 2 bulan perlakuan. Jumlah limfosit dihitung melalui metode hapusan darah dengan different counting dibawah mikroskop cahaya dengan pembesaran 1000x. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji Kruskal-Wallis dan Mann-Whitney. Hasil: Kelompok yang terpapar asap rokok dan diinduksi C.albicans memiliki dapat menurunkan jumlah limfosit, kelompok suplementasi menggunakan ekstrak ethanol Stichopus hermanii dapat meningkatkan jumlah limfosit. Simpulan: Suplementasi ekstrak Stichopus hermanii memiliki efek protektif untuk memicu proliferasi limfosit pada tikus Wistar setelah paparan asap rokok dan induksi C.albicans.
Bioviabilitas Hidroksiapatit Ekstrak Cangkang Kerang Darah (Anadara granosa) Terhadap Sel Punca Mesenkimal Sebagai Bahan Graft Tulang Alveol
Authors: Nastiti Arlita Dewi , Widyastuti W , Laihad Fanny M
Published: August 2018

Latar belakang: Salah satu bahan pengisi suatu defek tulang dapat berupa hidroksiapatit. Hidroksiapatit dapat diperoleh dari ekstrak cangkang kerang darah Anadara granosa yang memiliki kandungan kalsium yang tinggi. Kandungan mineral tersebut dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan pengisi tulang untuk bone grafting. Namun, bahan tersebut belum diketahui bioviabilitasnya terhadap jaringan periodontal sehingga perlu dijui bioviabilitasnya. Pengujian bioviabilitas ini menggunakan sel punca mesenkimal karena sel punca mesenkimal dapat berdiferensiasi menjadi jaringan periodontal. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui bioviabilitas ekstrak cangkang kerang darah Anadara granosa terhadap sel punca mesenkimal. Bahan dan Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan rancangan post only control group design. Stem sel mesenkim dalam 96 sumuran dibagi menjadi kelompok kontrol sel (n=7), kontrol media (n=7), dan perlakuan (n=7). Kelompok perlakuan diberi berbagai dosis ekstrak cangkang kerang darah Anadara granosa dengan konsentrasi 54 mg/ml, 27 mg/ml, 13,5 mg/ml dan 6,75 mg/ml. Sel punca mesenkimal tersebut diinkubasi selama 24 jam sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Setelah diberi MTT, optical density dibaca dengan ELISA reader dan dihitung persentase viabilitasnya. Data viabilitas sel tersebut dianalisa dengan uji statistik Kruskall-Wallis, Mann-Whitney. Hasil: Dari menunjukan hasil bahwa terjadi peningkatan viabilitas sel terhadap ekstrak cangkang kerang darah Anadara granosa. Viabilitas sel meningkat dimulai dari kelompok perlakuan konsentrasi 54 mg/ml (23,67%), 27 mg/ml (57,43%), 13,5 mg/ml (68,87%), 6,75 mg/ml (81,92%). Viabilitas sel tertinggi pada konsentrasi 6,75 mg/ml (81,92%). Kesimpulan: Ekstrak cangkang kerang darah Anadara granosa memiliki bioviabilitas sel paling tinggi pada konsentrasi 6,75 mg/ml dan bioviabilitas sel yang paling rendah pada konsentrasi 54 mg/ml.

 
HISTORICAL TRENDS OF FOREIGN EXPERIENCE IN THE FIELD OF FORMATION OF FOOD POLICY OF UKRAINE
Authors: Krynytska O.O.
Published: August 2018

The article deals with the historical tendencies of the formation of food policy, in particular in the context of consumer rights protection in the countries of the European Union. It is emphasized on the necessity of introducing a progressive foreign experience of its formation for Ukraine. The use of measures to ensure food security and quality of food as a basis for raising the social life of the society is substantiated.To characterize the evolution of food policy development, it should be noted that the laws that form the basis of the protection of consumer rights have existed for more than a century, but this process began to develop more actively only at the end of the 19th century in the United States and in Europe. This was the result of an industrial revolution. Most countries in Western Europe began to develop comprehensive legislation in this direction in the post-1950 period. Initially these were legislative acts - specific laws aimed at addressing specific issues, such as advertising, improving consumer information through packaging for industrial and food products, as well as basic safety requirements.For Ukraine, it is necessary to introduce the experience of the EU as an important vector for the formation of modern food policy on an innovative basis.The main drivers of this process should be: development of the National Concept of Food Policy of Sustainable Consumption; formation of the conscious mentality of ecologically balanced consumption and production; intensification of effective levers of transition to sustainable consumption and production; Further development of sectoral partnership and international support in this context.Although the technological base of the economy can not provide an adequate response to the challenges of today, and economic growth in Ukraine faces numerous constraints, the national economy needs to adapt to the requirements of competition in regional and global markets, which means improving production efficiency, increasing the level of knowledge economy through the massive introduction of innovation, the promotion of new types of business, the introduction of environmental production standards.Covering a wide range of national, economic, social, and demographic factors, food policy must be developed through the development and implementation of a set of measures aimed at: expansion of production of own food products.
DATA FOR REVIEW OF LITERATURE ON THE MODERN STATUS OF STUDYING DEPRESSION AND SUICID IN VARIOUS COUNTRIES (on gender, age and geographical features)
Authors: Vovk V. I.
Published: August 2018

The article gives a review of the literature studying suicide and causing him depressive disorders in different countries of the world. Studies conducted among different population groups living in different areas (rural and urban), studied adolescents, the elderly people, the older population. It is shown that depression are of great medical and social importance. Statistically more often depressive disorders and suicidal tendencies are detected in women of all age groups. Highlights stressful factors leading to the development of depressive disorders in rural areas.
Obesity in Menopausal Women
Authors: Bilovol O. N. , Knyazkova I. I. , Mishchenko V. N. , Bogun M. V.
Published: August 2018

Obesity is one of the most important medical and social problems of modern society. This pathology is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world. The review studies pathogenetic mechanisms of obesity during menopause, as well as the participation of sex hormones in fat tissue metabolism. A better understanding of the causes and mechanisms of weight gain during this period of a woman's life suggests that obesity is not inevitable and can be effectively countered by the implementation of the principles of healthy lifestyle, and if necessary, by medicated correction as well.
EFFICACY OF REFLEXOTHERAPY IN COMPLEX REHABILITATION IN CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY BY ASSESSING (of life quality)
Authors: Liskevich І. I.
Published: August 2018

The article analyzes the reflexology techniques that are used in the system of rehabilitation  in children with cerebral palsy and comparative effectiveness  in 72 children who were on treatment at the center of early medical and social rehabilitation for children with organic damage of the central nervous system. The main clinical effects are shown and the frequency of adverse reactions of reflexotherapy in this category of patients is analyzed.
FORENSIC AND PHARMACEUTICAL ASSESSMENT OF POLYDRUG ADDICTION AT COMBINED USE OF PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES
Authors: Shapovalova V. А. , Shapovalov V. V. , Shapovalov V. V. , Osyntseva A. A.
Published: August 2018

Given forensic and pharmaceutical evaluation of polydrug addiction at simultaneous use of psychoactive substances (alcoholic beverages, beer). Established, that there is a significant difference between the results of the responses of respondents of men and women of all ages. Women are more oriented to higher education (100 %), men have (or acquire) higher (79.24 %) and secondary special education (30.76 %). Male respondents use beer and other alcoholic beverages (energy drinks, vodka, cognac, wine) at the same time. Respondents among the woman do not drink alcohol at all (17.64 %), and drink beer – 70.6 %. Most men use one or two standard doses of beer at a time (69.24 %), women – 49.48%. Further research may be aimed at studying of the methods of pharmaceutical correction of polydrug addiction because of the use of psychoactive substances (alcoholic beverages, beer).
Neurodegenerative and Fatiguing Illnesses, Infections and Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Use of Natural Supplements to Improve Mitochondrial Function.
Authors: Nicolson Garth L. , Settineri Robert , Ellithorpe Rita R.
Published: August 2018

Background: Many chronic diseases and illnesses are associated with one or more chronic infections, dysfunction of mitochondria and reduced production of ATP.  This results in fatigue and other symptoms that occur in most if not all chronic conditions and diseases.Methods: This is a review of the published literature on chronic infections in neurodegenerative diseases and fatiguing illnesses that are also typified by mitochondrial dysfunction.  This contribution also reviews the use of natural supplements to enhance mitochondrial function and reduce the effects of chronic infections to improve overall function in various chronic illnesses.Results: Mitochondrial function can be enhanced by the use of various natural supplements, notably Lipid Replacement Therapy (LRT) using glyerolphospholipids and other mitochondrial supplements.  In various chronic illnesses that are characterized by the presence of chronic infections, such as intracellular bacteria (Mycoplasma, Borrelia, Chlamydia and other infections) and viruses, LRT has proven useful in multiple clinical trials.  For example, in clinical studies on chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia syndrome and other chronic fatiguing illnesses where a large majority of patients have chronic infections, LRT significantly reduced fatigue by 35-43% in different clinical trials and increased mitochondrial function.  In clinical trials on patients with multiple intracellular bacterial infections and intractable fatigue LRT plus other mitochondrial supplements significantly decreased fatigue and improved mood and cognition.Conclusions:  LRT formulations designed to improve mitochondrial function appear to be useful as non-toxic dietary supplements for reducing fatigue and restoring mitochondrial and other cellular membrane functions in patients with chronic illnesses and multiple chronic infections.Key words: Neurodegenerative and fatiguing illnesses, infections and mitochondrial dysfunction, ATP, Lipid Replacement Therapy (LRT)
Hepatotropic, antioxidant and antitoxic action of amaranth oil
Authors: Nikolaevsky V. A. , Martirosyan D. M. , Muzalevskaya E. N. , Miroshnichenko L. A. , Zoloedov V. I.
Published: August 2018

Background: It is our opinion that amaranth seed oil’s properties merit further study due to their high quantity of squalene. Squalene has been shown to have antitoxic, antioxidant, and hepatotropic properties. The liver is one of the most important organs in the human body, and as a filtering organ, it is subjected to many toxic compounds and free radicals. Thus, protecting the liver with an antioxidant and antitoxic compound could offer significant benefits.Objective: In the present study we have evaluated the antitoxic, antioxidant, and hepatotropic (hepatoprotective) effects of amaranth oil acquired via a patented pressing method. Rats were treated with amaranth oil, a comparative compound, or a control compound and then subjected to various toxic, oxidizing, and other compounds in order to examine amaranth oil’s effects. Results: Amaranth oil was found to have a positive and dose-dependent effect both in vivo and in vitro. Amaranth oil’s hepatoprotective activity was confirmed by both biological and morphological examination. This study suggests that amaranth oil acts to prevent and reduce CT damage in liver tissue. This was especially the case in doses of 300 mg/kg, proved both by normalization of hepatic ferments-markers indexes and morphological examinations.Conclusion: The amaranth oil acquired via a patented pressing method possesses antitoxic and antioxidant activity.  In this connection, the amaranth oil can be recommended for prophylaxis of toxic and drug-induced liver lesions and as a component of the functional food and dietetics of various diseases.Keywords: antioxidant activity, free-radical oxidation, hypoxia, erythrocytes hemolysis, squalene, amaranth oil, hepatoprotector, hexenalum sleep, toxic hepatitis
Retraction Notice
Authors: Rahman Md. Mujibur
Published: August 2018

On 10th August 2018 the Editorial Board of Journal of Medicine agreed to retract the article ‘Role of CD 20 in Physiopathology of Hodgkin’s Disease’ published in Journal of Medicine, Vol.19(2) pages 119-122 (DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v19i2.37232 ) as it was found to be a duplicate publication of the following published article: ‘CD20 role in pathophysiology of Hodgkin’s disease’ by Marcelo Antônio Oliveira Santos and Marinus de Moraes Lima published in Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira, Vol.63(9) pages 810-813 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.63.09.810.
Power in and over Cross-Sector Partnerships: Actor Strategies for Shaping Collective Decisions
Authors: Dewulf Art , Elbers Willem
Published: August 2018

While cross-sector partnerships are sometimes depicted as a pragmatic problem solving arrangements devoid of politics and power, they are often characterized by power dynamics. Asymmetries in power can have a range of undesirable consequences as low-power actors may be co-opted, ignored, over-ruled, or excluded by dominant parties. As of yet, there has been relatively little conceptual work on the power strategies that actors in cross-sector partnerships deploy to shape collective decisions to their own advantage. Insights from across the literatures on multiparty collaboration, cross-sector partnerships, interactive governance, collaborative governance, and network governance, are integrated into a theoretical framework for empirically analyzing power sources (resources, discursive legitimacy, authority) and power strategies (power over and power in cross-sector partnerships). Three inter-related claims are central to our argument: (1) the intersection between the issue field addressed in the partnership and an actor’s institutional field shape the power sources available to an actor; (2) an actor can mobilize these power sources directly in strategies to achieve power in cross-sector partnerships; and, (3) an actor can also mobilize these power sources indirectly, through setting the rules of the game, to achieve power over partnerships. The framework analytically connects power dynamics to their broader institutional setting and allows for spelling out how sources of power are used in direct and indirect power strategies that steer the course of cross-sector partnerships. The resulting conceptual framework provides the groundwork for pursuing new lines of empirical inquiry into power dynamics in cross-sector partnerships.
Cost-Effectiveness of Structural Health Monitoring in Fuselage Maintenance of the Civil Aviation Industry †
Authors: Dong Ting , Kim Nam H.
Published: August 2018

Although structural health monitoring (SHM) technologies using sensors have dramatically been developed recently, their capability should be evaluated from the perspective of the maintenance industry. As a first step toward utilizing sensors, the objective of the paper is to investigate the possibility of using sensors for inspecting the entire fuselage during C-check. First, we reviewed various sensors for their detection range, detectable damage size, and installed weight, which revealed that the piezoelectric wafer active sensor (PWAS) is the most promising sensor for aircraft SHM. Second, we performed a case study of inspecting the fuselage of Boeing-737NG using PWAS. To maintain the same detecting capability of manual inspection in C-check, we estimated the total number of sensors required. It turned out that utilizing sensors can reduce the maintenance downtime and thus, maintenance cost. However, even with a very conservative estimate, the lifetime cost was significantly increased due to the weight of sensor systems. The cost due to the weight increase was an order of magnitude higher than the cost saved by using SHM. We found that a large number of sensors were required to detect damage at unknown locations, which was the main cause of the weight increase. We concluded that to make SHM cost-effective, it would be necessary either to improve the current sensor technologies so that a less number of sensors are used or to modify the aircraft design concept for SHM.
The Comparative Study on Cutting Performance of Different-Structure Milling Cutters in Machining CFRP
Authors: Chen Tao , Gao Fei , Li Suyan , Liu Xianli
Published: August 2018

Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) is typically hard to process, because it is easy for it to generate processing damage such as burrs, tears, delamination, and so on in the machining process. Consequently, this restricts its wide spread application. This paper conducted a comparative experiment on the cutting performance of the two different-structure milling cutters, with a helical staggered edge and a rhombic edge, in milling carbon fiber composites; analyzed the wear morphologies of the two cutting tools; and thus acquired the effect of the tool structure on the machined surface quality and cutting force. The results indicated that in the whole cutting, the rhombic milling cutter with a segmented cutting edge showed better wear resistance and a more stable machined surface quality. It was not until a large area of coating shedding occurred, along with chip clogging, that the surface quality decreased significantly. At the stage of coating wear, the helical staggered milling cutter with an alternately arranged continuous cutting edge showed better machined surface quality, but when the coating fell off, its machined surface quality began to reveal damage such as groove, tear, and fiber pullout. Meanwhile, burrs occurred at the edge and the cutting force obviously increased. By contrast, for the rhombic milling cutter, both the surface roughness and cutting force increased relatively slowly.
Variations of Haze Pollution in China Modulated by Thermal Forcing of the Western Pacific Warm Pool
Authors: You Yingchang , Cheng Xugeng , Zhao Tianliang , Xu Xiangde , Gong Sunling , Zhang Xiaoye , Zheng Yu , Che Huizheng , Yu Chao , Chang Jiacheng , Ma Guoxu , Wu Ming
Published: August 2018

In addition to the impact of pollutant emissions, haze pollution is connected with meteorology and climate change. Based on the interannual change analyses of meteorological and environmental observation data from 1981 to 2010, we studied the relationship between the winter haze frequency in central-eastern China (CEC) and the interannual variations of sea surface temperature (SST) over Western Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP) and its underlying mechanism to explore the thermal effect of WPWP on haze pollution variation in China. The results show a significant positive correlation coefficient reaching up to 0.61 between the interannual variations of SST in WPWP and haze pollution frequency in the CEC region over 1981–2010, reflecting the WPWP’s thermal forcing exerting an important impact on haze variation in China. The anomalies of thermal forcing of WPWP could induce to the changes of East Asian winter monsoonal winds and the vertical thermal structures in the troposphere over the CEC region. In the winter with anomalously warm SST over the WPWP, the near-surface winds were declined, and vertical thermal structure in the lower troposphere tended to be stable over the CEC-region, which could be conducive to air pollutant accumulation leading to the more frequent haze occurrences especially the heavy haze regions of Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and Pearl River Delta (PRD); In the winter with the anomalously cold WPWP, it is only the reverse of warm WPWP with the stronger East Asian winter monsoonal winds and the unstable thermal structure in the lower troposphere, which could attribute to the less frequent haze pollution over the CEC region. Our study revealed that the thermal forcing of the WPWP could have a modulation on air environment change in China.
Extreme Wave Storms and Atmospheric Variability at the Spanish Coast of the Bay of Biscay
Authors: Rasilla Domingo , García-Codron Juan Carlos , Garmendia Carolina , Herrera Sixto , Rivas Victoria
Published: August 2018

This paper examines the characteristics and long-term variability of storminess for the Spanish coast of the Bay of Biscay for the period 1948 to 2015, by coupling wave (observed and modelled) and atmospheric datasets. The diversity of atmospheric mechanisms that are responsible for wave storms are highlighted at different spatial and temporal scales: synoptic (cyclone) and low frequency (teleconnection patterns) time scales. Two types of storms, defined mostly by wave period and storm energy, are distinguished, resulting from the distance to the forcing cyclones, and the length of the fetch area. No statistically significant trends were found for storminess and the associated atmospheric indices over the period of interest. Storminess reached a maximum around the decade of the 1980s, while less activity occurred at the beginning and end of the period of study. In addition, the results reveal that only the WEPI (West Europe Pressure Anomaly Index), EA (Eastern Atlantic), and EA/WR (Eastern Atlantic/Western Russia) teleconnection patterns are able to explain a substantial percentage of the variability in storm climate, suggesting the importance of local factors (W-E exposition of the coast) in controlling storminess in this region.
Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Recordings of Visuospatial Working Memory Processes. Part II: A Replication Study in Children on Sensitivity and Mental-Ability-Induced Differences in Functional Activation
Authors: Witmer Joëlle S. , Aeschlimann Eva A. , Metz Andreas J. , Troche Stefan J. , Rammsayer Thomas H.
Published: August 2018

In a previous study in young adults, we showed that hemodynamic changes as measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) were sensitive for identifying visuospatial working memory (WM)-related functional brain activation in the prefrontal cortex. This functional activation, however, could not be verified for participants with far-above-average mental ability, suggesting different cognitive processes adopted by this group. The present study was designed to confirm these findings in 11- to 13-year-old children by applying the same study design, experimental task, fNIRS setup, and statistical approach. We successfully replicated the earlier findings on sensitivity of fNIRS with regard to visuospatial WM-specific task demands in our children sample. Likewise, mental-ability-induced differences in functional activation were even more pronounced in the children compared with in the young adults. By testing a children sample, we were able to not only replicate our previous findings based on adult participants but also generalize the validity of these findings to children. This latter aspect seems to be of particular significance considering the relatively large number of fNIRS studies on WM performance in children.
JASPAC: Japan Spastic Paraplegia Research Consortium
Authors: Koh Kishin , Ishiura Hiroyuki , Tsuji Shoji , Takiyama Yoshihisa
Published: August 2018

Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by weakness and spasticity of the lower extremities. HSPs are heterogeneous disorders that involve over 80 causative genes. The frequency of HSPs is estimated to be 10–100/1,000,000. With this background, the Japanese research group “Japan Spastic Paraplegia Research Consortium: JASPAC” was organized in 2006 to elucidate the molecular epidemiologies of HSPs in Japan and the molecular pathologies of HSPs. To date, the JASPAC has collected 714 HSP families and analyzed 488 index patients. We found 279 pathogenic variants or probable pathogenic variants of causative genes in the 488 HSP patients. According to our results, we found 178 families with autosomal dominant patients (65%), and 101 with autosomal recessive and sporadic patients (48%). We found 119 patients with SPG4, 17 with SPG3A, 15 with SPG31, 13 with SPG11, and 11 with SPG10. Other HSP genes were the cause in less than five patients. On the other hand, we could not find causative genes in 35% of the autosomal dominant patients, or 52% of the autosomal recessive and sporadic patients. We are now trying to find new causative genes and elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying HSPs.
Importance of Behavioral Therapy in Patients Hospitalized for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) with Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Patel Rikinkumar S. , Manikkara Geetha , Patel Priya , Talukdar Jupi , Mansuri Zeeshan
Published: August 2018

Objective: To analyze differences in demographic pattern and hospitalization outcomes in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with opioid use disorder (OUD) patients managed with versus without behavioral therapy (BT). Methods: We conducted case-control study using Nationwide Inpatient Sample and identified PTSD and OUD using ICD–9–CM codes. Linear regression model was used to evaluate impact of BT on inpatient stay and cost. Results: We analyzed 1531 inpatient admissions and 786 patients received BT. Females had higher odds of receiving BT during inpatient management for PTSD with OUD (OR 1.210; 95% CI 1.020–1.436). About 63.1% patients receiving BT were benefited by Medicaid. Patients receiving BT had an increase in hospital stay by 1.27 days (P = 0.085) and hospitalization cost by $4734 (P = 0.018). There were no transfers to short term hospitals and lower transfers to skilled nursing facility (3.8% vs. 10.1%) in patients receiving BT. Conclusion: This study aims to reinforce combination management with psychotropic medications and BT in PTSD patients with comorbid OUD during hospitalization as it significantly decreases adverse disposition of the patient and thereby improves the quality of life post-treatment.
Oxygen Reduction Reaction and Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Catalyzed by Pd–Ru Nanoparticles Encapsulated in Porous Carbon Nanosheets
Authors: Tian Juntai , Wu Wen , Tang Zhenghua , Wu Yuan , Burns Robert , Tichnell Brandon , Liu Zhen , Chen Shaowei
Published: August 2018

Developing bi-functional electrocatalysts for both oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is crucial for enhancing the energy transfer efficiency of metal–air batteries and fuel cells, as well as producing hydrogen with a high purity. Herein, a series of Pd–Ru alloyed nanoparticles encapsulated in porous carbon nanosheets (CNs) were synthesized and employed as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for both ORR and HER. The TEM measurements showed that Pd–Ru nanoparticles, with a size of approximately 1–5 nm, were uniformly dispersed on the carbon nanosheets. The crystal and electronic structures of the PdxRu100−x/CNs series were revealed by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The as-prepared samples exhibited effective ORR activity in alkaline media and excellent HER activity in both alkaline and acid solutions. The Pd50Ru50/CNs sample displayed the best activity and stability among the series, which is comparable and superior to that of commercial 10% Pd/C. For ORR, the Pd50Ru50/CNs catalyst exhibited an onset potential of 0.903 V vs. RHE (Reversible Hydrogen Electrode) and 11.4% decrease of the current density after 30,000 s of continuous operation in stability test. For HER, the Pd50Ru50/CNs catalyst displayed an overpotential of 37.3 mV and 45.1 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in 0.1 M KOH and 0.5 M H2SO4, respectively. The strategy for encapsulating bimetallic alloys within porous carbon materials is promising for fabricating sustainable energy toward electrocatalysts with multiple electrocatalytic activities for energy related applications.
Schlieren Visualization of Shaping Air during Operation of an Electrostatic Rotary Bell Sprayer: Impact of Shaping Air on Droplet Atomization and Transport
Authors: Darwish Ahmad Adnan , Abubaker Ahmad M. , Salaimeh Ahmad A. , Akafuah Nelson K.
Published: August 2018

Electrostatic rotary bell sprayers (ERBSs) are widely used in the automotive industry. In ERBS, atomization is facilitated using centrifugal forces which disintegrate the paint film inside the cup into droplets at the cup edge. The droplets are then transported by the flow of a shaping air (SA) and electrostatic forces to a target surface; the characteristics of these droplets dramatically influence the quality of a painted surface and the painting transfer efficiency. In the current paper, a novel Schlieren-based visualization of the shaping air in the absence of paint droplets was performed during a qualitative investigation to delineate shaping air flow behavior and its interaction with droplets and droplet transport. An infrared thermographic flow visualization (IRFV) method and droplet size measurement were used to complement the Schlieren data for providing insight into shaping air-droplet interactions. The results demonstrated the impact of different operating conditions on the SA flow pattern, and the influence SA has on the secondary atomization and transport of droplets. Hence, these experimental methods combine with a useful tool for optimizing SA configurations that improve spray quality, droplet transport, and the efficiency of ERBS operations.
Study of Nanoscratching Process of GaAs Using Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Yi Defu , Li Jianyong , Zhu Pengzhe
Published: August 2018

In this paper, molecular dynamics method was employed to investigate the nanoscratching process of gallium arsenide (GaAs) in order to gain insights into the material deformation and removal mechanisms in chemical mechanical polishing of GaAs. By analyzing the distribution of hydrostatic pressure and coordination number of GaAs atoms, it was found that phase transformation and amorphization were the dominant deformation mechanisms of GaAs in the scratching process. Furthermore, anisotropic effect in nanoscratching of GaAs was observed. The diverse deformation behaviors of GaAs with different crystal orientations were due to differences in the atomic structure of GaAs. The scratching resistance of GaAs(001) surface was the biggest, while the friction coefficient of GaAs(111) surface was the smallest. These findings shed light on the mechanical wear mechanism in chemical mechanical polishing of GaAs.