bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A content analysis and evaluation of outcomes of specialty theses in dentistry
Authors: BÜYÜK S. Kutalmış , TÜRKEN Recep , AKARSU Serdar
Published: July 2021

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate resident’s characteristics, supervisor’s characteristics, publication of the dentistry specialty theses in Turkey.

Materials and Methods: The Dentistry Speciality Theses uploaded on the website of the Council of Higher Education (YÖK) National Thesis Centre between 2015-2019 were researched and 1381 theses were reached.

Results: One thousand three hundred and forty theses were completed in state universities and 41 in foundation universities. While 477 of the theses were prepared by male residents, 904 of them were prepared by female residents. Forty hundred eighteen of the theses were supervised by assistant professors, 413 by associate professors, 550 by professors. The theses were mostly conducted in Hacettepe University. While dentistry specialty theses were mostly produced in Orthodontics (n=341), specialty thesis was produced at least in Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology (n=89). Publication of dentistry speciality theses were 23.4% in totally, and this ratio was 15.4% in Science Citation Index-Expanded journals.

Conclusion: This cross-sectional study was revealed that Dentistry Speciality Theses in Turkey contributed to national and international literature.
The high co-existence rate of Blastocystis and Dientamoeba fragilis in human faecal samples and the analysis of demographic and clinical findings
Authors: MALATYALİ Erdogan , YILDIZ İbrahim , TİLEKLİOGLU Evren , ERTABAKLAR Hatice , ERTUĞ Sema
Published: July 2021

Aim: Blastocystis and Dientamoeba fragilis (D. fragilis) are among the most common protozoon species in human faecal samples. The cross-sectional studies have reported the frequencies in a variety of populations. However, we have very limited information about the co-existence rate of those protozoans. The study aimed to compare D. fragilis frequency in Blastocystis positive and negative faecal samples in order to determine the co-existence rate. The secondary objective was to analyse demographic characteristics and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in relation to both infections.

Material and Method: In the present study, we defined a study group that included 100 Blastocystis positive faecal samples and a control group that included 100 Blastocystis negative samples. The frequency of D. fragilis in samples was determined with a PCR assay specific to the small-subunit ribosomal RNA (SS rRNA) gene. A positive control of D. fragilis was used and the samples with amplification of the expected size (863 bp) were considered as positive. In addition to the statistical comparison of frequencies, the descriptive and clinical findings of cases were analysed retrospectively with Pearson chi-square or ANOVA tests.

Results: The frequency of D. fragilis was 21% in Blastocystis positive group and it was 10% in Blastocystis negative group. There was statistically significant difference in terms of D. fragilis positivity between the groups (p 0.05).

Conclusion: Our study highlighted the high co-existence of D. fragilis and Blastocystis in human faecal samples. A possible explanation for this finding may be the faecal-oral transmission of these protozoans. In addition, analysis of clinical findings was supported common asymptomatic colonisation of Blastocystis and D. fragilis.
The effect of restorative dentistry practices on the vital signs of healthy individuals
Authors: BAKIR Elif Pınar , BAKIR Şeyhmus , ÜNAL Samican , UYSAL Ersin
Published: July 2021

Aim: Clinical applications of dentistry, the tools and drugs used increase the effects of anxiety and stress factors that we encounter before the treatment, but also cause changes in the life symptoms of the patients. In this study, it is aimed to evaluate the effects of Restorative Dentistry applications on vital signs parameters such as blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature and oxygen saturation of healthy individuals before and after the interventional procedure.

Material and Method: In the study, blood pressure, pulse rate, body temperature and oxygen saturation values ​​of 100 patients without any systemic disease were measured before clinical applications. Following the treatment intervention, the same parameters were measured again and evaluated by comparing the previous and next values.

Result: In the patients who were not applied local anesthesia, the post-treatment measurement values ​​of the body temperature parameter were significantly higher than the initial measurement values ​​(p0.05). In patients who were applied local anesthesia, the last measurement values ​​of body temperature and systolic blood pressure were significantly lower than the initial measurement values ​​(p0.05).

Conclusion: We think that measures such as a relationship based on mutual trust, approaching expectations with understanding, informing about interventional procedures and operating consent processes will prevent patients from anxiety during the session and keep vital parameter values ​​at a normal level.
The evaluation of the cases with extrapulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: TARAKÇI Arzu , EROĞLU Esma , ÇÖLKESEN Fatma , KACAR Fatma , ÖZDEMİR ARMAĞAN Şule , CAN Selver
Published: July 2021

Objective: Tuberculosis (TB) that can involve all organs is a disease progressing with a wide range of clinical presentations. It is especially difficult to diagnose the cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) due to the atypical course, and the cases of EPTB constitute approximately 35% of all TB cases in our country. In our study, it was aimed to examine the distribution rates, diagnostic methods, and treatment processes of EPTB in terms of the involved systems.

Material-Method: Of 308 patients diagnosed with TB, 119 cases having EPTB were retrospectively analyzed in The Konya Training and Research Hospital of Health Sciences University between 1st January 2015 and 30th June 2019.

Results: While 119 (38.6%) EPTB cases of 308 cases diagnosed with TB were included in the study. 63 (52.9%) and 56 (47%) patients were women and men, respectively. The average age was found as 44.42±18.8 years (min: 18- max: 91 years). The distribution of involvement sites of EPTB was as follows: lymphadenitis, 45.3%; pleural tuberculosis, 24.3%; peritonitis, 14.2%; bone-joint tuberculosis, 7.5%; meningitis, 2.5%; miliary tuberculosis, 1.6%; others, 4.2%. In terms of EPTB, 83 (69.7%) cases were diagnosed histopathologically, 28 (23.5%) and nine (7.5%) were found to have culture and acido-resistant bacilli (ARB) positivity, respectively. A total of 29 (24.3%) cases were diagnosed microbiologically, and the purified protein derivative (PPD) positivity was detected in 106 (89%) cases. While the success rate of the treatment was found to be 93.2%, the mortality rate was measured as 3.3%.

Conclusion: It should be kept in mind that TB is a common multisystem disease in our country and may present itself with a wide range of symptoms. In the presence of clinical suspicion, supportive tests should be performed; biopsy and culture samples should be obtained from the appropriate tissues; anti-TB treatment should be initiated at once if clinicians have sufficient evidence.
Brief review of parathyroid adenoma; problems caused by water clear cells
Authors: ERDEM Havva , PEKER Hakan
Published: July 2021

Water clear cells; they can be seen in many tumors such as germ cell tumors, kidney tumors, lymphomas, sarcomas, thymic carcinomas, parathyroid carcinomas, paraganglioma. They may be primary or may occur as a result of metastatic conditions. Therefore, histopathologically differential diagnosis may be difficult or confusing. Clinical findings, radiological findings and histopathological evaluation may be required for differential diagnosis.

Here, as immunohistochemically; a case with parathormone, CD10 positive and synaptophysin negative and CD10 positivity in the area where clear cells are dominant is presented.

The case was reported as water clear cell (WCC) component dominant parathyroid adenoma with clinical, biochemical, radiological evaluation and histopathology and the differential diagnosis is discussed.
A neonatal case of pial arteriovenous fistulas and the review of literature
Authors: İPEK Mehmet Şah , YILMAZ Adil
Published: July 2021

Pial arteriovenous fistulas (PAVFs) are extremely rare vascular malformations of the brain, and associated with greater morbidity and mortality in neonates and infants. We reported a neonatal case of giant multi-hole PAVFs presented with heart failure and local brain atrophy. The challenges associated with the complexity, outcome and therapeutic options of neonatal PAVFs was discussed. In addition, a review of the published literature on cases of PAVFs diagnosed at neonatal age, over the last two decades, was performed. Comprehensive prognostic evaluation and an optimal treatment strategy offered by a multidisciplinary team at specialized centers should be assured for each case affected.
�Oedipus the King� by Sophocles in the Immanent Interpretation of Emil Staiger
Authors:   Drohobych Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University, Radchenko Oleh �.
Published: July 2021

by the famous Swiss literary scholar Emil Staiger and to present it to Ukrainian explorers for the first time. Due to the complex application of the historical-cultural, comparative, descriptive methods, the methods of linguistic-stylistic and figurative analysis, the authentic change of the traditional angle of interpretation has been identified: it eliminates the motif of the ancestral curse based on the Theban cycle of myths and shifts the emphasis on personal guilt. It is established that Staiger departs from the traditional explanation of category ??????? as �error� and interprets it as a deep cause of offense, which lies within ourselves, but is devoid of malice, which weighs all the consequences and pursues a specific goal. A �plastic Greek� perceives his guilt as destiny, and destiny differs from conscious activity. It is noted that the researcher distinguishes the work of Sophocles from a number of �tragedies of fate�, recognizing the oracle as a core element of dramatic tension creation. Moreover, the oracle is not interpreted as a symbol of blind reign of eternal fate, but only as a sign of infinite divine knowledge. Thus, the central conflict of the tragedy is the antagonism between Apollo and Oedipus, the god and the mortal: it is not a matter of showing that everything on earth is predetermined, but of distinguishing between infallible knowledge of god and limited knowledge of man and illustrating the gap between man and god. �Know thyself!� � know that you are a human, not a god � this famous aphorism can be considered the idea of tragedy, and Oedipus is the embodiment of the finiteness of human knowledge. It is stated that due to the motive of the court the whole tragedy is perceived as a model of Staiger�s dramatic style (observability of the action, brief description of the characters, conciseness of language). It is notable that the role of judge takes the protagonist himself and he finds the criminal in himself. So the movement returns to its starting point: the circle composition in �Oedipus the King� becomes a loop that is tightened around the neck of the hero. The interpreter names it �tragic irony�, which permeates the semantic outline of the work (especially the double meaning of the words of the characters) and it is manifested in each plot (the man himself fulfils the prophecy, trying hard to divert it). Staiger`s distinctive interpretation of the problem of freedom is emphasized: no matter how deceived Oedipus goes, he comes to admit his guilt and realize the need for punishment, and in the choice of punishment lies his freedom. Ultimately, Oedipus must be defeated in order to preserve the truth of the divine word. However, wilful acceptance of punishment is not a reconciliation of freedom (the hero fought against his fate) and necessity (he lost the fight against fate) in the classical sense, but rather it is related to the tragic emotions, which cause admiration.
CURRENT ISSUES CONCERNING THE ADOPTION OF THE LAW OF UKRAINE �ON PUBLIC GOVERNMENT THROUGH THE ALL-UKRAINIAN REFERENDUM�
Authors:   Alfred Nobel University, Palieieva Yuliia
Published: July 2021

This work is a continuation of the article in the previous issue of the journal. Referendums held in foreign countries over the past six months are considered. On the agenda of the referendum in Switzerland on September 27, 2020, five bills were put: on relations with the EU, on amendments to the law �On Hunting�, on the introduction of paid parental leave for parents, on reducing the tax burden on families, with children, on the allocation of credit for the purchase of a new generation of fighters for the needs of the national air force. On October 4, 2020, the people of New Caledonia again voted to remain part of France. More than half of New Zealanders supported the law, which stipulates that terminally ill people will have a chance to euthanize with the consent of two doctors. Regarding the topical issue of the referendum in Ukraine, the President of Ukraine in his video address confirmed his desire to know the views of citizens on various issues. On June 9, 2020, the draft Law of Ukraine �On Democracy through an All-Ukrainian Referendum� was registered under �3612. One of the initiators of the bill is the President of Ukraine. The explanatory note to the bill states that it is designed to regulate legal relations related to the initiation, appointment (proclamation), preparation, conduct, establishment of results and legal consequences of the all-Ukrainian referendum. The draft law provides for the following types of all-Ukrainian referendum: approval of the law on amendments to sections I, III, XIII of the Constitution of Ukraine; solving issues of national importance; change of the territory of Ukraine; repeal of the law of Ukraine or its separate provisions. A key innovation of the bill, which distinguishes it from other bills, is to determine the possibility of introducing electronic procedures during the organization and conduct of an all-Ukrainian referendum, including electronic voting. On October 9, 2020, the European Commission published the conclusions of the Ukrainian bill �3612. She recommended clarifying the connection between the referendum of national initiatives to repeal laws and the referendum on issues of national importance, to extend the period of collecting signatures for referendums. In June, the Verkhovna Rada supported in the first reading the presidential bill on the all-Ukrainian referendum, provided that it needs to be finalized before the second reading for consideration this fall. In the process of working on the bill, the draft laws on the all-Ukrainian referendum registered in the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine of the eighth and ninth convocations, the relevant legal positions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine, as well as international standards and recommendations of international institutions were taken into account national level (2001), Referendums: Towards Good Practice in Europe (2005), On the Code of Good Practice on Referendums (2007) and others.
THE STATE OF PLATELET HEMOSTASIS IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSIVE DISEASE COMBINED WITH NON-ALCOHOLIC FAT LIVER DISEASE
Authors: Bazhenova N.M.
Published: July 2021

Relevance. Platelet activation and platelet aggregation are central processes in the pathophysiology of coronary heart disease and thrombosis. The relationship between cardiovascular morbidity and mortality varies with the presence of other concomitant cardiovascular risk factors.

Objective. To determine the state of platelet hemostasis in patients with essential hypertension (HT), with concomitant non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Materials and methods. 152 patients were examined: 72 men and 80 women. Three groups were identified: I - 46 patients with stage II HT without concomitant NAFLD, II - 54 patients with NAFLD without HT, group III - 52 patients with HT and concomitant NAFLD.  A study of total platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), platelet count (PCT) and spontaneous platelet aggregation was performed.

Results. The level of mean platelet volume (MPV) in both groups of patients with hepatic steatosis exceeded control values equally - by 6%, both in patients with NAFLD (p<0.001) and in NAFLD with concomitant hypertension (p<0.01). In patients of the NAFLD group and hypertension, the relative width of the platelet distribution by volume (PDW) had high values - 2% (p<0.05) higher than in the control cohort, and 2.4% (p<0.05) than in patients with isolated HT. An increase in the degree of spontaneous aggregation in patients of all surveyed groups compared to controls. So in patients with HT II stage. spontaneous aggregation increased 2.2 times (p<0.001), while in both groups of patients with hepatic steatosis, the increase in spontaneous platelet activity was twice as high: in patients with NAFLD - 4.3 times (p<0.001), in patients with HT II stage. and concomitant NAFLD - 4.1 times (p<0.001).

Conclusion. NAFLD is accompanied by an increased in MPV, the size of which correlates with their functional activity. In patients with isolated NAFLD, a statistically significant increase in spontaneous platelet aggregation is also observed, which allows considering NAFLD as one of the risk factors for thrombophilic changes in the primary hemostasis.
GIPERCRYOGLOBULINEMIA SUCH PATOPHYSIOLOGICAL LINK IN THE POSTOPERATIVE COMLICATIONS FOR STOMACH CANCER PATIENTS
Authors: Bagmut I.Yu. , Movchan O.V. , Gramatiuk S.M.
Published: July 2021

Relevance. An important issue is predicting the development of complications after surgery for gastric cancer. The most formidable is the failure of the sutures of gastroenteroanastomosis, which in most cases leads to mortality. Therefore, it is important to search for factors and markers to predict the development of these complications. One of the main markers that need to be studied are factors and markers of inflammation.

Objective: to determine of pathophysiological regularities in the development of gastroenteroanastomoses leakage in patients who operated for stomach cancer depends on cryoglobulin level.

Materials and methods. An analysis was carried out without a median result in the treatment of 50 patients, which were promptly operated for stomach cancer with distal subtotal resection of the stomach with the formation of gastroenteroanastomosis from 2013 to 2017. The determination of the blood counts was performed according to the method of A.E. Kalovidoris with modifications. An assessment was made of the number of T-lymphocytes (CD3), and the middle target - T-cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD8), as well as CD4 and CD16 in patients with stomach cancer in the postoperative period.

Results. 6 patients, on the background have had gastroenteroanastomoses leakage. Dynamic monitoring of blood cryoglobulinemia throughout the entire period of surgery in patients with cancer of the gaster, revealing the inadequacy of the concentration of the cryoglobulins. In the peripheral blood of patients, the CD3 + number is significantly reduced (66.2 ± 0.5%, p <0.05).

Conclusions. In such a rank, carried out until the last day, it was established that in patients with cryoglobulinemia that are operated for the stomach cancer, the secondary immune deficiency can form, so that the level of blood cells in the blood is accelerated.
CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A NEW CORONAVIRUS INFECTION IN THE PRESENT CONDITIONS
Authors: Moskalyuk V.D. , Randiuk Y.O. , Balanyuk I.V. , Kolotylo T.R.
Published: July 2021

Relevance. In today's world, the attention of health professionals in each country is focused on the outbreak of acute respiratory disease, called coronavirus disease in 2019 - COVID-19. Today there is an increase in the incidence of this disease both in Ukraine and abroad, the disease is more severe, mortality has increased and the percentage of diseases among children has increased.

Objective іs to analyze the clinical and epidemiological features of COVID-19 in Bukovina.

Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of medical histories of patients with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, who were hospitalized in the infectious department of OKNP "Chernivtsi Regional Clinical Hospital".

Results. The age of patients ranged from 22 to 79 years; the average age is 53.6 years. There were 35 men and 30 women (53.8 and 46.2%, respectively). In most patients the course of the disease was moderate, and only 6% of patients had a severe course of the disease. Each hospitalized patient had bronchial and pulmonary lesions, which were confirmed radiologically and by computed tomography (CT). The structure of diagnosed pneumonia was dominated by bilateral lung damage (98.3%). Symptoms of gastrointestinal lesions were noted in 11 patients (16.9%).

Conclusions. According to our observations, we can conclude that susceptibility to a new coronavirus infection is common. However, the elderly, as well as patients with comorbidities, are more likely to develop severe symptoms and higher mortality. Patients at risk with severe course (6%) required special attention. In the early stages of the disease, the use of minimal respiratory support through oxygen therapy is justified.
STATE OF THE ART USAGE OF RADIOLOGICAL AND ACOUSTIC METHODS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF PNEUMONIA, INCLUDING THOSE CAUSED BY SARS-COV-2 VIRUS, IN CHILDREN. Review
Authors: Marushko Y.V. , Khomych O.V. , Hyshchak T.V. , Tarynska O.L. , Shchegel G.O.
Published: July 2021

Relevance. Pneumonia is an actual problem of practical medicine. Diagnosis of pneumonia is quite complex and requires a comprehensive study, taking into account both clinical symptoms and the results of paraclinical research methods. Objective. The aim of the work is to generalize the data of the literature and our own experience of modern radiological and acoustic methods of pneumonia diagnosis. Methods. Analysis of scientific publications in the international electronic scientometric databases Scopus, PubMed by keywords. Search depth – 15 years (2007-2021). Results. The article summarizes its own data and presents a scientific review of the medical literature, which is devoted to the analysis of the problem of diagnosing pneumonia at different stages of treatment. Indications and contraindications to use, advantages and disadvantages of X-ray method, CT method and ultrasound diagnostics are described. The characteristic of a new method of hardware diagnostics which without external irradiation gives the chance to carry out primary acoustic remote diagnostics of pneumonia is resulted. Conclusion. Today there is a wide range of instrumental methods of studying the respiratory system that allow accurate diagnosis, but have some limitations in use in clinical practice, in particular in pediatrics. Promising is the development of new acoustic methods that have high diagnostic value, lack of additional radiation and contraindications.
PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISM OF FATIGUE. Review
Authors: Marakusyn D.I. , Chernobay L.V. , Vaschuk M.A , Isaieva I.М. , Karmazina I.S. , Mamon M.O. , Holovko M.D.
Published: July 2021

Relevance. Fatigue, both intellectual and physical, reduces the efficiency of daily activities and quality of life, in addition, fatigue is one of the factors contributing to the development of various pathological conditions, such as cardiovascular disease and others. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanisms underlying the development of fatigue, which will improve prevention and development.

Objective: to analyze the physiological and biochemical mechanisms underlying the development of fatigue.

Methods. Analysis of scientific publications of the international scientific database PubMed by keywords. The following research methods were used in writing the paper: systematization of material, analysis and generalization.

Results. In this article we discussed the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of fatigue. The correlation between fatigue and the general mental condition, physiological, biochemical processes, activity of neurotransmitters, intellectual and physical activity, food has been defined. The central and peripheral mechanisms of fatigue were considered. Central fatigue is divided into spinal and supraspinal and involves the neuromuscular junction. Peripheral fatigue occurs at the level of the muscles and mainly involves muscle bioenergetics or an excitation-contraction coupling.

Currently fatigue is considered as a general reaction to stress that lasts for a period of time, taken in an account the cumulative effects of days, weeks or months, and the effects of sleep disorders are also very important, because the effects of fatigue are closely linked to sleep deprivation. Therefore, the time required for recovery depends on the severity of fatigue. There are currently many research methods, such as electromyography, transcranial magnetic stimulation, magnetic resonance imaging, and spectroscopy, which are useful in undestending the physiological correlates of fatigue.

In turn, psychological, behavioral or physical triggers can have a beneficial effect against the development of acute fatigue and improve performance, as well as provide a better understanding of the function of neurotransmitters, physiological and biochemical processes important in the development of body fatigue in general.
ARCHITECTURE OF BASILIAN MONASTERIES IN THE PROCESS OF FORMING THE SACRED IMAGE OF THE CITIES OF TERNOPIL REGION
Authors: Diachok Oksana
Published: July 2021

The article highlights the peculiarities of the formation of the sacred image of the modern Ternopil region under the influence of the architecture of the Basilian monastery complexes. Active missionary activity of the Order led to the founding, construction and reconstruction of ancient monasteries, which today are the decoration of the settlements of the region. These architectural ensembles are expressive compositional dominants in the historical environment of cities.

The most famous monastic complexes in Ternopil include the Holy Dormition Pochayiv Lavra, the main buildings of which were built in the union period, the Basilian Monastery in Buchach, the Uhornytsky (Pidhoryansky) Monastery, and the Basilian Monastery near Strusov. The buildings of monasteries are monuments of sacred art and important objects of national cultural heritage. Innovations that affected the ideological doctrine were reflected in the construction of the church: from a closed space monasteries turned into representative open complexes. In the interior of the temples, low partitions were replaced by wall altars, confessionals appeared, and so on. Some of the surviving altars today are masterpieces of sacred art. The Basilian monasteries reached their peak in the Baroque era under the patronage of wealthy families and with the involvement of leading European and Ukrainian architects. Their architecture forms the historical and cultural appearance of the Ternopil region. Monasteries represented the Western Ukrainian identity, performed sacred, defensive, cultural, functions, became an important part of the planning and figurative structure of cities and still give them an ideological color.

The research convinces us of the importance of preserving monastic complexes, which carry the genetic memory of the nation, help to reconnect with our own historical past and complement our knowledge of the history of architecture.
BORDER SPACE OF A RESIDENTIAL BUILDING AS AN ELEMENT OF SOCIOPSYCHOLOGICAL COMFORT OF PEOPLE: FEATURES OF FORMATION, CHARACTERISTICS, SIGNS
Authors: Smadych Ivan , Kapelist Viktoriya
Published: July 2021

In this publication, a study of the border space of the city is carried out as a conditional zone of direct contact of various social groups near multi-storey residential buildings. Based on the analysis of domestic and foreign scientific works on this topic, the characteristic features of the terms socially active boundary space and the space of the courtyard are clarified, general and distinctive features of their identification on the territory are highlighted. In accordance with the analysis of scientific works on this topic, the structure of the city's border spaces has been adjusted, which includes the following levels:

macrolevel of the placement of border spaces in the city;
meso-level geometrical and functional characteristics of boundary spaces;
micro-level of the structure of the boundary space in the context of social activity.

By analyzing the world and domestic experience of designing socially active boundary spaces, the hierarchy of their structural elements is highlighted. The main types of border spaces of the city are public, private and mixed border spaces. For example, the primary elements of the formation of any boundary space are the building itself, the street space and the inner courtyard space, which can be characterized by functional and geometric indicators. In the structure of the public boundary space, the planning and volumetric-spatial structure of the house and belonging to the transit or communicative component of the street space are distinguished. In a private and mixed boundary space, the second macro-level includes the spatial division of the courtyard into a buffer, transit and communication function. The last hierarchical level of this model is the level of structural elements that provide social activity in boundary spaces. At the planning level of the building, this is an exploited roof, a developed entrance group of elements, a system of the first floors of a residential building outside the main volume. At the level of volumetric-spatial solutions, the social activity of the boundary spaces is provided by interesting solutions of facades, low or medium storeys, the arrangement of loggias and balconies. In private border spaces at this level, such elements are niches and bay windows, terraced facades, and others. This model, due to the presence of many means of increasing social activity in the border spaces of a residential building, allows one to continue research on the allocation of architectural and spatial techniques for the implementation of projects of socially active border spaces of the city.
«FIRST DOCTOR'S HOUSE»  HISTORICAL DOMESTIC EXPERIENCE OF DESIGNING AN APARTMENT HOUSE FOR RESIDENCE AND WORK OF DOCTORS
Authors: Bulakh Irina
Published: July 2021

The article reveals the historical experience of designing an apartment building in Kiev, intended for living and organizing the work of doctors. The purpose of the article is to present and analyze the domestic experience in the design and further functioning of multi-apartment buildings for residents of certain professions, in particular medicine. The article may be of interest to an audience who studies national historical monuments, unique buildings, or deals with the problems of designing multi-apartment buildings for certain groups of the population. The research methodology is based on historical analysis, systematization of the data obtained from various information sources. Ukraine has its own historical experience in the design and construction of unique and special buildings, which may arouse interest among the international community, domestic specialists in the architectural and design sphere and among investors interested in creating multi-apartment housing for a group of residents united by a certain profession. Unfortunately, these Ukrainian practical developments are still insufficiently disclosed and not represented at the proper level in the research community. In particular, the problem of designing apartment buildings for doctors and medical personnel is an open and unresolved issue for international researchers. Today, the First Doctor's House is a prestigious building, although over time it turned out to be located on a very noisy and busy city highway in the center of the capital city. In this house there are no longer any indigenous people of Kyiv and those for whom this project was developed by the architect - people of the medical profession. Almost none of today's residents of the building and its surroundings remember why it has such an unusual name. Alas ... A couple of decades ago, well-known Kiev doctors, some of the best Ukrainian surgeons of the Soviet school, lived in the First House of Doctors. Now the house is filled with «new Ukrainians», «new financial elite». And the people who were the pride of Kyiv and Ukraine, the best specialists in their field, remained only in memories. Such a personal fate of this particular historical building, it has lost its purpose to unite people of medical professions, perhaps this is due to its location in the prestigious central urban environment of Kyiv. But at the time when doctors really lived in the «First House of the Doctor» - the building was an ultra-comfortable object for combining residential, professional functions for its residents.
ON THE PROBLEM OF GENESIS OF THE CROSS-DOMED ARCHITECTURAL TYPE
Authors: Logvyn Natalia
Published: July 2021

The article concerns constructive peculiarities of Armenian cross-domed churches in comparison with Byzantine monuments of the same period.

Cross-domed type occupies the central place in the architecture of Eastern Christian countries. Central part of the type consists of nine bays, the central bay is a large square, the corner bays smaller squares, the remaining four bays are rectangular. Central bay, limited with four supports, is domed, corner bays and rectangular bays are vaulted. The character of underdome supports determines constructive and compositional structure of cross-domed building.

Cross-domed architectural type appeared in Armenia during the V – the VI-th centuries on the ground of synthesis of vaulted basilicas with pillars and centrally-planned domed martyria and gained its highest development at the VII-th century – a great century of Armenian church building. Masons have developed construction of cross-domed edifice that reduced thrust of dome and was resistant against destroying earthquakes.

Great cross-domed cathedrals at Dvin, Thalin, Bagavan, Mren and some others have been built during the seventh century. Four mighty pillars supporting domes of the monuments were of complicated forms and had 3 to 9 square meters in plan. Large domes crowning cathedrals were 8 to 11 m in diameter, cеntral underdome space dominates within edifice. Constructive structure of the building corresponds with its outward architectural composition.

A lot of Byzantine churches built during the X-th – the XII-th centuries, especially those of Constantinople, were of the cross-domed architectural type, also named by some scholars as “cross-inscribed” type or “church on four columns”. The core of those Byzantine churches also consists of nine bays, its central bay covered with a dome resting on four supports. These supports consist of two different parts – column (in its lower part) and a wall over it. Such construction of dome supports limited the development of the architectural composition of cross-domed Byzantine churches which are rather small structures.

In contrast to Byzantine squat churches “on four columns” Armenian cross-domed cathedrals have large dimensions and expressive architectural compositions.
TRANSLATION OF HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE INTO MODERN PLANNING OF THE GOVERNMENT CENTER OF KYIV
Authors: Markovskyi Andrii
Published: July 2021

Based on a step-by-step detailed analysis of the historical experience of projects and proposals for the development of the government quarter in Kyiv, the author draws analogies and focuses risk factors on the corresponding modern concepts proposed by architects for implementation in the 21st century. Proposals and competitions for the construction of the government and administrative center, which took place over the past century, have left behind a significant theoretical material that can be used in modern design. At the same time, we consider especially valuable the experience of blunders and limitations that did not allow to implement projects in previous epochs. Based on the author's thesis on the similarity of these negative factors throughout the 20th and early 21st century, risk factors have been formulated and principles have been crystallized that are and will be relevant in the near future for the modern design of the government center. The analysis of historical experience from the point of view of studying of not only positive, but, first of all, negative experience with the subsequent extrapolation to an actual building situation is rather new for modern Ukrainian architectural practice. Meanwhile, we argue that the need for appropriate research is due to the significant similarity of risk factors, which, if ignored, can lead to similar consequences – partial implementation or complete non-implementation of projects. The article draws analogies between the competition for the construction of the Government Quarter of 1934-1935, the post-war restoration of Khreshchatyk, proposals for the placement of the administrative center of Kyiv on the Left Bank and modern development projects of the Rybalskyy Peninsula ("Kyiv City") and the Telychky district.
CONTRADICTION BETWEEN MODERN AND CONSERVATIVE DIRECTION OF ARCHITECTURE
Authors: Tiutina Liubov
Published: July 2021

The history of the development of architecture has shown that until the middle of the XIXth century, the expression of the plastic language of buildings was restrained by both the preferences of society and the material construction base. Industrial progress has reorganized the structural framework of buildings and the outer wall has ceased to accept the load of floors. In the XXth century it provided opportunities for an expanded stylistic diversity of architecture in the spirit of modernism. However, parallel to this, the processes of returning to the plastic language of architecture of the past took place wave-like. There are several reasons for this phenomenon.
Firstly, there are ideological beliefs and interference of political forces in architecture. States with a totalitarian regime in the XXth century (Germany, Italy, the USSR) dictated their own conditions for proper life, rejecting the avant-garde and modernist trends. Secondly, there is a certain philosophical, intellectual attitude to reflection with the architecture of the past. The origin of this phenomenon comes from the United States, where modernism from the beginning of the XXth century to the 60s had been developing without non-stop. All of this led to some emotional fatigue and boredom, and as a result, the style of postmodernism appeared, where elements of historicism were rethought and introduced into modern architecture. The third reason for returning the vector of architecture development back to the past is lack of understanding of the trends and opportunities of modern architecture. In Ukraine, buildings are being built from reinforced concrete, with a free curtain facade, but the plastic language of architecture is expressed in an eclectic mix of different historical styles. This distortion of the essence of modern architecture can be explained by the inability of modern architects to keep up with the time. The fourth reason for the desire to return to the style of historicism is dictated by the historical environment of old cities, which, according to both society and architects, should be maintained in its context even if new buildings appear there or renovations are carried out.
The outbreak of lung injuries often known as "EVALI" was nothing to do with nicotine vaping
Authors: Bates Clive
Published: July 2021

INTRODUCTION. Many commentators, activists, academics and public health agencies continue to assert or imply that an outbreak of severe and fatal lung injuries that occurred primarily in the United States between mid-2019 and early 2020 may have been caused in part by nicotine vaping. This condition is often known as “EVALI” (E-cigarette, or Vaping, product use-Associated Lung Injury), a term coined by the US Centers For Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 

ANALYSIS. An examination of the evidence shows that _EVALI cannot have been caused by nicotine vaping_. The characteristics of the lung injury outbreak are consistent with localised supply chain contamination. The contaminant has been identified and is known to be Vitamin E Acetate. This had been used as a thickener or cutting agent in illicit Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) cannabis vape pens. This agent cannot be mixed with nicotine vaping liquids and would serve no useful purpose if it could be. No other cause or causal agent has been identified that would both implicate nicotine liquids and be consistent with the geographical and temporal pattern of the lung injury outbreak. There is a vanishingly small chance that a second independent cause would be found in nicotine liquids, coinciding with the same geography, timing and symptoms as Vitamin E Acetate contamination of THC oils. Further, it is implausible that this hypothetical and currently unidentified cause would disappear in early 2020 without some remedial action in nicotine vaping products. But there has been no identifiable remedial action - nicotine vaping products have not changed, but EVALI has largely gone. Residual uncertainties are likely to be due to the unreliable testimony of users regarding their use of THC.

IMPLICATIONS. The attribution of nicotine vaping as a cause of EVALI should stop. The term EVALI is misleading and should be retired and replaced. Risk communicators should shoulder their responsibility to correct residual false risk perceptions. There should be an objective inquiry into how EVALI was handled. Serious consideration should be given to the advantages of legalising and regulating cannabis products.
La necesidad de la condena al “negacionismo” para el fortalecimiento de la democracia
Authors: Durán Toledo Diego
Published: July 2021

Durante las últimas semana en Chile, en el contexto de una nueva conmemoración del Golpe de Estado del 11 de septiembre 1973, se han realizado una multiplicidad de actos y homenajes efectuados por la ciudadanía, con la intención de mantener viva la historia de un país que conoce de los errores y horrores de su pasado y con el objetivo de intentar no repetir la historia y honrar a la memoria de las víctimas de las violaciones a los derechos humanos durante el régimen militar.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE TEAMS GAMES TOURNAMENT (TGT) TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA DALAM MATA PELAJARAN FIQIH DI MTs NEGERI PUTUSSIBAU
Authors: Hardimansyah Hardimansyah
Published: July 2021

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah strategi pembelajaran kooperatif tipe teams games tournament efektif untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik di MTs Negeri Putussibau Populasi pada kelas ini adalah kelas VIII MTs Negeri Putussibau Pada pengambilan sampel digunakan metode cluster random sampling, diperoleh kelas VIIIA sebagai kelas eksperimen (model pembelajaran kooperatif learning tipe teams games tournament) dan kelas VIIIB sebagai kelas kontrol (pembelajaran konvensional) dan kelas VIIIC sebagai kelas uji coba. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen, pada desain eksperimen peneliti dapat membandingkan kelompok yang mendapatkan perlakuan (kelas eksperimen) dan kelompok yang tidak mendapat perlakuan (kelas kontrol). Teknik pengumpulan data yang penulis gunakan berupa metode angket, metode observasi dan metode tes. Metode angket diberikan untuk mengetahui tanggapan peserta didik terhadap pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe teams games tournament. Dari hasil analisis diperoleh rata-rata kelas eksperimen diperoleh 65,88 dengan Standar Deviasi (SD)=11,51 dan rata-rata kelas kontrol diperoleh 58,82 dengan Standar Deviasi (SD)=9,05 untuk selanjutnya diuji dengan menggunakan uji t diperoleh thitung=2,811 dan dari tabel distribusi diperoleh tabel ttabel = 1,67 dengan α = 0,05 dan dk=34 + 34 —2=66. Hal ini menunjuk kan bahwa thitung > t tabel , jadi H 1 : m1 >m2 . Artinya, bahwa rata-rata hasil belajar peserta didik kelas eksperimen yang diajar dengan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe teams games tournament materi makanan dan minuman berbeda secara nyata dari rata-rata hasil belajar kelas kontrol. Hal tersebut Nampak bahwa rata-rata hasil belajar peserta didik yang diajar dengan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe teams games tournament lebih baik dari rata-rata hasil belajar peserta didik dengan menggunakan metode konvensional. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Team Games Tournament efektif lebih berpengaruh untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik.
Presence of Biosynthetic Gene Clusters (NRPS/PKS) in Actinomycetes of Mangrove Sediment in Semarang and Karimunjawa, Indonesia
Authors:   Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia, Anggelina Amelia Cahya , Pringgenies Delianis ,   Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia, Setyati Wilis Ari ,   Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
Published: July 2021

Actinomycetes are a group of bacteria that are widely distributed in soil, litter, water, and other natural sources. These Gram positive bacteria can produce hundreds of bioactive compounds, especially antibiotics. This research isolated culturable actinomycetes from mangrove sediments in the Semarang and Karimunjawa Island areas. The isolates that produce potential antibacterial compounds were identified by qualitative screening using the Biosynthetic Gene Cluster (NRPS/PKS) prediction approach. This research was conducted from June to November 2020. A total of 19 actinomycetes from Semarang and 17 actinomycetes from Karimunjawa were found to have at least one type of Biosynthetic Gene Cluster (NRPS, Type I or Type II PKS), but only three isolates had antibacterial activity against S. aureus, E. coli, and L. monocytogenes. Molecular identification found that the bacteria were similar to Brachybacterium paraconglomeratum (99.92%), Streptomyces pluripotens (100%), and Micromonospora chersina (99.08%). Results of the study concluded that the three bacterial isolates that had bacterial activity have similar genes with known antibiotic-producing genes and can potentially provide new antibiotic candidates.
Evaluation of the range of fertilizers and methods of their application for a new variety of fiber flax Universal
Authors: Sorokina O. Yu.
Published: July 2021

Relevance. The productivity and especially the quality of flax products largely depend on a set of technological techniques that take into account varietal characteristics, agrochemical properties of the soil and the fertilizers used. Identification of the reaction to the production process of a new high-yielding flax variety of Universal is an important element of agricultural technology.Methods. The sod-podzolic medium loamy soil is characterized by a slightly acidic reaction of the soil solution pHKCl-5.44, a very high content of phosphorus (298 mg/kg) and medium potassium (85 mg/kg), low humus — 2.05%, medium boron (0.33 mg/kg), low zinc (0.56 mg/kg). The HTC (hydrothermal coefficient) for May — August by year was — 1.56 optimal (2017), — 1.09 arid (2018), — 1.80 wet(2019).Results. Studies have shown that the Universal flax variety has a high responsiveness to the use of fertilizers. The yield increases were: for flax straw 24 to 43%, for flax seeds from 27 to 49%, depending on the form of fertilizer and the method of their application. The advantage of the complex organomineral OMU “Universal” and mineral nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium with boron containing trace elements over the azofoska in equalized doses of nitrogen is noted. The increase in the yield of the flax stock of thesefertilizers with the row method of application was lower by 40 and 34% of their main application, but the profitability of this method increased from 46 to 234% and from 62 to 219%. The application of organic fertilizer Sivid — Bor for seed treatment and Sivid-Zinc for crop processing on the background of reducing the dose of azofoski from 1.5 to 1.0 c/ha allowed to raise close to making azofoski of 1.5 c/ha, but with a greater profitability of 115%.