bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of CenKR in the coordination ofRhodobacter sphaeroidescell elongation and division
Authors: Lakey Bryan D. , Alberge François , Parrell Daniel , Wright Elizabeth R. , Noguera Daniel R. , Donohue Timothy J.
Published: June 2023

Cell elongation and division are essential aspects of the bacterial life cycle that must be coordinated for viability and replication. The impact of misregulation of these processes is not well understood as these systems are often not amenable to traditional genetic manipulation. Recently, we reported on the CenKR two-component system (TCS) in the Gram-negative bacteriumRhodobacter sphaeroidesthat is genetically tractable, widely conserved in α-proteobacteria, and directly regulates the expression of components crucial for cell elongation and division, including genes encoding subunit of the Tol-Pal complex. In this work, we show that overexpression ofcenKresults in cell filamentation and chaining. Using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET), we generated high-resolution two-dimensional (2D) images and three-dimensional (3D) volumes of the cell envelope and division septum of wild-type cells and acenKoverexpression strain finding that these morphological changes stem from defects in outer membrane (OM) and peptidoglycan (PG) constriction. By monitoring the localization of Pal, PG biosynthesis, and the bacterial cytoskeletal proteins MreB and FtsZ, we developed a model for how increased CenKR activity leads to changes in cell elongation and division. This model predicts that increased CenKR activity decreases the mobility of Pal, delaying OM constriction, and ultimately disrupting the midcell positioning of MreB and FtsZ and interfering with the spatial regulation of PG synthesis and remodeling.

IMPORTANCE

By coordinating cell elongation and division, bacteria maintain their shape, support critical envelope functions, and orchestrate division. Regulatory and assembly systems have been implicated in these processes in some well-studied Gram-negative bacteria. However, we lack information on these processes and their conservation across the bacterial phylogeny. InR. sphaeroidesand other α-proteobacteria, CenKR is an essential two-component system (TCS) that regulates the expression of genes known or predicted to function in cell envelope biosynthesis, elongation, and/or division. Here, we leverage unique features of CenKR to understand how increasing its activity impacts cell elongation/division and use antibiotics to identify how modulating the activity of this TCS leads to changes in cell morphology. Our results provide new insight into how CenKR activity controls the structure and function of the bacterial envelope, the localization of cell elongation and division machinery, and cellular processes in organisms with importance in health, host-microbe interactions, and biotechnology.
Progression, reliability, predicting parameters and sample size calculations for quantitative fundus autofluorescence measures inABCA4-related retinopathy
Authors: Müller Philipp L , Treis Tim , Tufail Adnan , Holz Frank G
Published: June 2023

Background/aims

To investigate the progression of quantitative autofluorescence (qAF) measures and the potential as clinical trial endpoint inABCA4-related retinopathy.

Methods

In this longitudinal monocentre study, 64 patients withABCA4-related retinopathy (age (mean±SD), 34.84±16.36 years) underwent serial retinal imaging, including optical coherence tomography (OCT) and qAF (488 nm excitation) imaging using a modified confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope with a mean (±SD) review period of 20.32±10.90 months. A group of 110 healthy subjects served as controls. Retest variability, changes of qAF measures over time and its association with genotype and phenotype were analysed. Furthermore, individual prognostic feature importance was assessed, and sample size calculations for future interventional trials were performed.

Results

Compared with controls, qAF levels of patients were significantly elevated. The test–retest reliability revealed a 95% coefficient of repeatability of 20.37. During the observation time, young patients, patients with a mild phenotype (morphological and functional) and patients with mild mutations showed an absolute and relative increase in qAF values, while patients with advanced disease manifestation (morphological and functional), and homozygous mutations at adulthood revealed a decrease in qAF. Considering these parameters, required sample size and study duration could significantly be reduced.

Conclusion

Under standardised settings with elaborated conditions towards operators and analysis to counterbalance variability, qAF imaging might be reliable, suitable for quantifying disease progression and constitutes a potential clinical surrogate marker inABCA4-related retinopathy. Trial design based on patients’ baseline characteristics and genotype has the potential to provide benefits regarding required cohort size and absolute number of visits.
Survey of adherence to sepsis care bundles in six European countries shows low adherence and possible patient risk
Authors: Daniels Ron , Foot Ellie , Pittaway Sophie , Urzi Serena , Favry Arnaud , Miller Mark
Published: June 2023

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition which globally claims more lives than cancer. A set of evidence-based clinical practices (sepsis bundles) have been developed to guide early diagnosis and rapid intervention, which are vital to patient survival; however, their use is not widely adopted. A cross-sectional survey was administered in June–July 2022 to understand healthcare practitioner (HCP) knowledge of and adherence to sepsis bundles and identify key barriers to adherence in the UK, France, Spain, Sweden, Denmark and Norway; a total of n=368 HCPs ultimately participated. The results showed that among HCPs, overall awareness of sepsis and the importance of early diagnosis and treatment is high. However, there are indications that adherence to sepsis bundles is well below the standard of care: when asked which steps providers carry out to treat sepsis, only 44% report carrying out all steps in the bundle; and 66% of providers agreed that delays in sepsis diagnosis occur sometimes where they work. This survey also highlighted the possible barriers which are impeding the implementation of optimal sepsis care: particularly high patient caseload and staff shortages. This research highlights important gaps and obstacles in reaching optimal care of sepsis in the surveyed countries. There is a need for healthcare leaders and policy-makers alike to advocate for increased funding for more staff and training to address existing knowledge gaps and improve patient outcomes.
Racial and ethnic differences in the availability of community medical services after leaving prison
Authors: Schwartz Joseph A , Kim Young-An , Dark Tyra , Siennick Sonja E
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Incarcerated individuals experience increased health problems, presenting additional challenges as they leave prison and re-enter the community. These challenges are disproportionally experienced by racial and ethnic minorities. Despite these trends, little is known regarding the availability of medical services within the communities to which incarcerated individuals return.

Methods

We examined all prison returns in the state of Florida between 2008 and 2017. We examined the odds of returning from prison to a community that is formally designated as medically underserved by the Health Resources and Services Administration. We also examined whether Florida communities with a greater proportion of racial and ethnic minority returns were more likely to be designated as medically underserved.

Results

Overall, each SD increase in community return rate resulted in a 20% increase in the odds of medical underservice designation. For each SD increase in the proportion of black and Latino returns, the odds of medical underservice designation increased by 50% and 14%, respectively, compared with the proportion of white returns.

Discussion

Within Florida, previously incarcerated individuals are more likely to return to communities with limited availability of medical services. These findings are even more pronounced for communities with more black returnees. Previously incarcerated individuals are more likely to return to communities that lack the medical infrastructure required to address their unique healthcare needs, potentially leading to worsened health, and increased racial and ethnic health disparities.
On the importance of consistency: a response to Giubiliniet al
Authors: Symons Xavier
Published: June 2023

Giubiliniet aloffer some helpful reflections on the conscientious provision of medical care and whether and in what circumstances professional associations ought to support the conscientious provision of abortion in circumstances where abortion is banned or heavily restricted. I have several reservations, however, about the argument developed in the article. First, the essay makes questionable use of the case of Savita Halappanavar to justify its central argument about conscientious provision. Second, there is an apparent inconsistency between this article and the authors’ statements elsewhere about the conscientious refusal of care. Third, there are risks that attend to professional associations supporting practitioners who break the law, and yet Giubiliniet aldo not give sufficient attention to this. This response will briefly discuss these three concerns.
Asthma symptoms, spirometry and air pollution exposure in schoolchildren in an informal settlement and an affluent area of Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Meme Hellen , Amukoye Evans , Bowyer Cressida , Chakaya Jeremiah , Das Darpan , Dobson Ruaraidh , Dragosits Ulrike , Fuld Jonathan , Gray Cindy , Hahn Matthew , Kiplimo Richard , Lesosky Maia , Loh Miranda M , McKendree Jean , Mortimer Kevin , Ndombi Amos , Netter Louis , Obasi Angela , Orina Fred , Pearson Clare , Price Heather , Quint Jennifer K , Semple Sean , Twigg Marsailidh , Waelde Charlotte , Walnycki Anna , Warwick Melaneia , Wendler Jana , West Sarah E , Wilson Michael , Zurba Lindsay , Devereux Graham
Published: June 2023

Background

Although 1 billion people live in informal (slum) settlements, the consequences for respiratory health of living in these settlements remain largely unknown. This study investigated whether children living in an informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya are at increased risk of asthma symptoms.

Methods

Children attending schools in Mukuru (an informal settlement in Nairobi) and a more affluent area (Buruburu) were compared. Questionnaires quantified respiratory symptoms and environmental exposures; spirometry was performed; personal exposure to particulate matter (PM2.5) was estimated.

Results

2373 children participated, 1277 in Mukuru (median age, IQR 11, 9–13 years, 53% girls), and 1096 in Buruburu (10, 8–12 years, 52% girls). Mukuru schoolchildren were from less affluent homes, had greater exposure to pollution sources and PM2.5. When compared with Buruburu schoolchildren, Mukuru schoolchildren had a greater prevalence of symptoms, ‘current wheeze’ (9.5% vs 6.4%, p=0.007) and ‘trouble breathing’ (16.3% vs 12.6%, p=0.01), and these symptoms were more severe and problematic. Diagnosed asthma was more common in Buruburu (2.8% vs 1.2%, p=0.004). Spirometry did not differ between Mukuru and Buruburu. Regardless of community, significant adverse associations were observed with self-reported exposure to ‘vapours, dusts, gases, fumes’, mosquito coil burning, adult smoker(s) in the home, refuse burning near homes and residential proximity to roads.

Conclusion

Children living in informal settlements are more likely to develop wheezing symptoms consistent with asthma that are more severe but less likely to be diagnosed as asthma. Self-reported but not objectively measured air pollution exposure was associated with increased risk of asthma symptoms.
Localizing Japanese toads in a mountainous terrain using drone-based radiotelemetry
Authors: Yamato Chiaki , Tanaka Tomoichiro , Ichikawa Kotaro , Sato Takuya
Published: June 2023

Monitoring the movement of small animals is a fundamental aspect of ecological studies as well as spatially explicit conservation and management. However, this remains a challenging task especially in mountainous terrains. Although drone-based radiotelemetry (DRT) is employed to localize animals, its application in mountainous terrains is limited by the collision risks associated with undulating terrains as well as the obstruction of signals by dense vegetation and steep slopes. We addressed these challenges by generating fine-scale three-dimensional maps and moving vertically mounted directional antennas in a double grid pattern, scanning both in longitudinal and latitudinal grids. This new DRT system was helpful in localizing four adult Japanese toads ( Bufo japonicus) living in hiding places typical of mountainous terrains. All toads were located within 1–60 days of being released. Transmitter signals were detected within two consecutive flights (three flights in one case). Instances of transmitter detection were significantly biased when the drone was facing either direction of the double-grid path, indicating that the double-grid pattern had reduced detection failure. The absolute localization error ( n = 48) of 22.4 ± 21.0 m (44.8 ± 42% of the transmitter-to-receiver distance) was lower than that reported in a previous study conducted in a similar mountainous terrain.
Relativistic modeling of stellar objects in a Schwarzschild’s coordinates with embedded class one spacetime
Authors: Prasad Amit Kumar , Kumar Mahesh , Kumar Jitendra
Published: June 2023

In this study, we investigate a new relativistic anisotropic Einstein field equations solution for compact stars under embedding class 1 conditions. In order to do this, we apply the Karmarkar condition and the embedding class one technique. By taking Buchdahl type metric potential $$ g_{rr} $$

g

rr

into consideration, the precise analytical solution has been investigated. We have studied physical characteristics of various compact star using this analytical solution. Central singularities are absent from the solution. We have explored thermodynamic observables inside the stellar models, such as radial and tangential pressures, matter density, anisotropic factor, energy conditions, TOV, red-shift, and the speed of sound, etc., after establishing this space-time geometry for the stellar models. From the graphical representation of various physical characteristics, it is demonstrated that our model meets all the specification for ultra-high density compact bodies.
Pulsatile flow of biviscous fluid through a tube of varying cross-section
Authors: Govindan Vediyappan , Xin Xiao , Narayanamoorthy N. Subashini , Geetha P. , Chithra S. M. , Nagaraj C. T. , Premkumar M. , Bala A. Jyothi
Published: June 2023

In this paper, a pulsatile flow of a biviscous fluid in a circular tube of varying cross-section has been considered for investigation. The study helps to draw the characteristics of blood, the pressure drop and the wall shear stress on the inner wall of small blood vessels and capillaries where suction/injection velocity arises and Reynolds number is very low. The effects of Reynolds number, apparent viscosity coefficient and leakage parameter on the streamlines, pressure drop and wall shear stress have been discussed and shown graphically for suction and injection, respectively. The wall of the tube is supposed to be permeable and a normal velocity of the fluid at the wall is prescribed to consider the fluid exchange across the wall. Both analytic and numerical solutions are given. Using the perturbation technique, we analyze the problem for low Reynolds numbers and small oscillation amplitude. Lastly, the simulations are given to demonstrate the effectiveness and excellent tracking performance of the proposed control scheme.
Num2vec: Pre-Training Numeric Representations for Time Series Forecasting in the Sensing System
Authors: Fan Jinxiao , Wang Pengfei , Fan Yu , Liu Liang , Ma Huadong
Published: June 2023

Time series forecasting in the sensing system aims to predict future values based on historical records that sensors have collected. Previous works, however, usually focus on improving model structure or algorithm for better performance but the perspective of learning proper numeric representations is overlooked. The inappropriate and coarse numeric representations are not expressive enough to capture the intrinsic characteristics of numbers, which will obviously degrade the prediction performance.

In this article, we propose Num2vec, an algorithmic framework to learn numeric representations. Specifically, Num2vec lists three main logic characteristics of numbers: arithmetic, direction, and periodicity. By representing numbers into a transition space, Num2vec can translates numbers agilely to different Internet of Things tasks through selecting the corresponding characteristics. According to such a design, Num2vec enjoys flexible numeric representations to fit different Internet of Things time series tasks. Extensive experiments on four real-world datasets show that the approach achieves the best performance when compared with state-of-the-art baselines.
A Privacy-preserving Auction Mechanism for Learning Model as an NFT in Blockchain-driven Metaverse
Authors: Zhang Qinnan , Xiong Zehui , Zhu Jianming , Gao Sheng , Yang Wanting
Published: June 2023

The Metaverse, envisioned as the next-generation Internet, will be constructed via twining a practical world in a virtual form, wherein Meterverse service providers (MSPs) are required to collect massive data from Meterverse users (MUs). In this regard, a critical demand exists for MSPs to motivate MUs to contribute computing resources and data while preserving user privacy. Federated learning (FL), as a privacy-preserving collaborative machine learning paradigm, can support distributed intensive computation in the Metaverse. In this work, we first investigate minting the machine learning models into NFT with FL assistance (referred to as FL-NFT), such that MUs as stakeholders can control the ownership and share the economic value of user-generated content (UGC). Specifically, MUs are encouraged to establish a decentralized autonomous organization (i.e., MU-DAO) to aggregate local models and mint FL-NFT. MUs and MSPs optimize the strategies by formulating an imperfect information Stackelberg game to trade off the cost and benefit. We apply the backward induction to derive the equilibrium solution. Then, we construct a privacy-preserving multi-winner sealed-bid auction mechanism (PMS-AM), in which the Hidden Markov Model assists MSPs in choosing rational bidding strategies according to historical bids, and the double auction mechanism determines the winners and price of FL-NFT. Finally, the numerical results based on theoretical analysis and simulations demonstrate that the proposed PMS-AM can increase the quality of FL-NFT and achieve the economic properties of incentive mechanisms such as individual rationality and incentive compatibility.
Effects of acute changes in fasting glucose and free fatty acid concentrations on indices of β-cell function and glucose metabolism in subjects without diabetes
Authors: Schembri Wismayer Daniel , Laurenti Marcello C. , Song Yilin , Egan Aoife M. , Welch Andrew A. , Bailey Kent R. , Cobelli Claudio , Dalla Man Chiara , Jensen Michael D. , Vella Adrian
Published: June 2023

This experiment studied the effect of changes in overnight concentrations of free fatty acids (FFAs) and glucose on β-cell function and glucose metabolism. In response to elevation of these metabolites, the dynamic component of the β-cell response to glucose was impaired. This suggests that in health overnight hyperglycemia and FFA elevation can deplete preformed insulin granules in the β-cell.
Low-dose peripheral leptin infusion produces selective activation of ventromedial hypothalamic and hindbrain STAT3
Authors: Harris Ruth B. S.
Published: June 2023

Low-dose, chronic peripheral infusions of leptin produced an initial, transient inhibition of food intake that correlated with signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) and nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). When intake normalized, but weight remained suppressed, the NTS was the only area that remained activated. These data suggest that leptin’s primary function is to reduce body fat, that hypophagia is a means of achieving this and that different areas of the brain are responsible for the progressive response.
Study on Dynamic Interval Power Flow Calculation of Microgrid Based on Monte Carlo Algorithm
Authors: Yuan Xudong
Published: June 2023

In order to effectively monitor the stability of the microgrid, based on the advantages of the Monte Carlo algorithm, a dynamic interval power flow calculation method for microgrid is designed. First, based on the multilayer complex structure of the microgrid, the hierarchical topology of its interval structure is analyzed. Then, the micropower flow model is designed, the affine algorithm is used to accurately describe the relationship between the variables in the microgrid structure, and the dynamic interval affine calculation is completed. Therefore, in the dynamic interval of the microgrid, the Monte Carlo probability method is applied to obtain more random data. Based on this, a model is established for the probability of wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation to simulate the output characteristics of the microgrid. Finally, the voltage variable, active power variable, and reactive power variable are calculated and embedded in the iterative algorithm to realize the stochastic power flow calculation of the microgrid. After experimental verification, the voltage amplitude calculated using the method proposed in this article has a small error value compared to the actual voltage, with a minimum error value of 0.2, close to 0. Under the condition of convergence accuracy of 10−6, the minimum convergence frequency is 3 times, and the power flow calculation process time does not exceed 38 seconds. This proves that the algorithm has high calculation accuracy, good convergence performance and timeliness, and can provide certain technical support for the stable operation of microgrids.
Magnetic Activated Carbon from ZnCl2 and FeCl3 Coactivation of Lotus Seedpod: One-Pot Preparation, Characterization, and Catalytic Activity towards Robust Degradation of Acid Orange 10
Authors: Nguyen Dung Van , Nguyen Hung Minh , Bui Quang Le Nam , Do Thao Vy Thanh , Lam Hung Hoa , Tran-Thuy Tuyet-Mai , Nguyen Long Quang
Published: June 2023

Lotus seedpods (LSPs) are an abundant and underutilized agricultural residue discarded from lotus seed production. In this study, ZnCl2 and FeCl3 coactivation of LSP for one-pot preparation of magnetic activated carbon (MAC) was explored for the first time. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that Fe3O4, Fe0, and ZnO crystals were formed in the LSP-derived carbon matrix. Notably, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed that the shapes of these components consisted of not only nanoparticles but also nanowires. Fe and Zn contents in MAC determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) were 6.89 and 3.94 wt%, respectively. Moreover, SBET and Vtotal of MAC prepared by coactivation with ZnCl2 and FeCl3 were 1080 m2/g and 0.51 cm3/g, which were much higher than those prepared by single activation with FeCl3 (274 m2/g and 0.14 cm3/g) or ZnCl2 (369 m2/g and 0.21 cm3/g). MAC was subsequently applied as an oxidation catalyst for Fenton-like degradation of acid orange 10 (AO10). As a result, 0.20 g/L MAC could partially remove AO10 (100 ppm) with an adsorption capacity of 78.4 mg/g at pH 3.0. When 350 ppm H2O2 was further added, AO10 was decolorized rapidly, nearly complete within 30 min, and 66% of the COD was removed in 120 min. The potent catalytic performance of MAC might come from the synergistic effect of Fe0 and Fe3O4 nanocrystals in the porous carbon support. MAC also demonstrated effective stability and reusability after five consecutive cycles, when total AO10 removal at 20 min of H2O2 addition slightly decreased from 93.9 ± 0.9% to 86.3 ± 0.8% and minimal iron leaching of 1.14 to 1.19 mg/L was detected. Interestingly, the MAC catalyst with a saturation magnetization of 3.6 emu/g was easily separated from the treated mixture for the next cycle. Overall, these findings demonstrate that magnetic activated carbon prepared from ZnCl2 and FeCl3 coactivation of lotus seedpod waste can be a low-cost catalyst for rapid degradation of acid orange 10.
An S-Band Compact Meander-Line Dual-Polarized Rectenna Array Design and Application Demonstration
Authors: Jing Jianwei , Mi Junlin , Zhang Huaiqing , Liu Changjun
Published: June 2023

This paper presents a compact, dual-polarized rectenna array operating at 2.45 GHz and demonstrates its use in a microwave wireless power transmission (MWPT) system. The MWPT system comprises a compact voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), a power amplifier (PA), and the dual-polarized rectenna array. The VCO and PA together form a transmitter that delivers an output power of 1 W at 2.45 GHz. The transmitter’s DC power port features a universal type-C interface, which facilitates its use in daily life. We designed a meander-line dipole rectenna that eliminates the matching network between the antenna and diode. The meander-line structure improves the rectenna’s impedance and reduces its size. The measured maximum efficiency of the rectenna is 62.5% at −2 dBm. DC power combining is applied to the rectenna array to achieve dual polarization and voltage boosting simultaneously. The proposed rectenna array is integrated into a commercial digital thermometer. The digital thermometer was powered by the proposed MWPT system, demonstrating its bright prospects for MWPT applications.
Coagulation Dysfunction in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis and Splenomegaly and Its Countermeasures: A Retrospective Study of 1522 Patients
Authors: Lv Yunfu , Liu Ning , Li Yejuan , Wu Jincai , Zheng Jinfang , Li Xinqiu , Zeng Min
Published: June 2023

Objective. Patients with cirrhosis and splenomegaly often have coagulation dysfunction which affects treatment and prognosis. This study explores the status, grading, and treatment strategies of coagulation dysfunction in patients with liver cirrhosis and splenomegaly. Methods. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on the clinical data on consecutive patients with cirrhosis and splenomegaly treated at Hainan General Hospital, China, from January 2000 to December 2020. Starting research in January 2022. Results. Among 1522 patients included into this study, 297 (19.5%) patients had normal results in all five coagulation tests (prothrombin time, prothrombin activity, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, and fibrinogen), and 1225 (80.5%) had coagulation dysfunction in at least one of these tests. There were significant differences (

P
<
0.05

) in treatment efficacy on these patients for three of these five coagulation tests, with the exception of prothrombin activity and thrombin time. When coagulation dysfunction was classified into grades I, II, and III based on scores from the three significant coagulation tests, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and fibrinogen, significant differences in surgical outcomes were found among the three grades of coagulation dysfunction and between grades I and III (

P
<
0.05

). The operative mortality rate in patients with grade III in treating liver cancer, portal hypersplenism, and/or splenomegaly was 6.5%. There was no significant difference between patients with grades I and II (

P
>
0.05

). Conclusions. Approximately, 80% of patients with liver cirrhosis and splenomegaly had coagulation dysfunction. Surgery is feasible for grade I and II patients. For grade III patients, nonsurgical treatment should be given first, and surgery should only be considered when the coagulation function returns to normal or near-normal levels after treatment. This trial is registered with MR-46-22-009299.
Study of the Variability of the Chemical Profile, and Biological Activity Approaches of Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig Essential Oil from Different Habitats of Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Arya Sushila , Mahawer Sonu Kumar , Karakoti Himani , Kumar Ravendra , Prakash Om , Kumar Satya , Latwal Mamta , Panday Ganesh , Srivastava Ravi Mohan , de Oliveira Mozaniel Santana , Rawat Dharmendra Singh
Published: June 2023

The objective of the current study was to evaluate the altitudinal variability in chemical compounds, nematicidal, insecticidal, herbicidal, and antifungal activity of the essential oils of H. coronarium collected from four different habitats of Tarai and Kumaun region of Uttarakhand. Essential oils were hydro-distilled from rhizomes of H. coronarium, and their yield varied from 0.05 to 0.25% (v/w). Based on GC-MS analysis, the major compounds observed were 1, 8-cineole (12.21–18.27%), coronarin E (10.20–14%), α-terpineol (5.32–10.13%), terpinen-4-ol (2.20–4.67%), α-pinene (4.90–8.77%), Z-caryophyllene (4.67–12.29%), and linalool (1.96–4.62%). To visually observe the variation in the oil composition profile of essential oils, heat map clustering, Venn diagram, and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed. To evaluate the pesticidal properties, the essential oils were tested under laboratory conditions. Additionally, significant nematicidal activity was demonstrated by essential oils against Meloidogyne incognita, good insecticidal activity against Spodoptera litura, and moderate herbicidal activity on Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus, and effective antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum and Curvularia lunata was observed in the current investigation.
Accident Sequence Precursor Analysis of an Incident in a Japanese Nuclear Power Plant Based on Dynamic Probabilistic Risk Assessment
Authors: Kubo Kotaro
Published: June 2023

Probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) is an effective methodology that could be used to improve the safety of nuclear power plants in a reasonable manner. Dynamic PRA, as an advanced PRA, allows for more realistic and detailed analyses by handling time-dependent information. However, the applications of this method to practical problems are limited because it remains in the research and development stage. This study aimed to investigate the possibility of utilizing dynamic PRA in risk-informeddecision-making. Specifically, the author performed an accident sequence precursor (ASP) analysis on the failure of emergency diesel generators that occurred at Unit 1 of the Tomari Nuclear Power Plant in Japan using dynamic PRA. The results were evaluated by comparison with the results of simplified classical PRA. The findings indicated that dynamic PRA may estimate lower risks compared with those obtained from classical PRA by reasonable modeling of alternating current power recovery. The author also showed that dynamic PRA can provide detailed information that cannot be obtained with classical PRA, such as uncertainty distribution of core damage timing and importance measure considering the system failure timing.
Activation of T Lymphocytes with Anti‐PDL1‐BiTE in the Presence of Adipose‐Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (ASCs)
Authors: Moeinzadeh Leila , Ramezani Amin , Mehdipour Fereshteh , Yazdanpanah-Samani Mahsa , Razmkhah Mahboobeh
Published: June 2023

Background. Due to their ability to recruit immune cells to kill tumor cells directly, bispecific T cell engager antibodies (BiTE) hold great potential in T cell redirecting therapies. BiTE is able to activate T cells through CD3 and target them to tumor‐expressed antigens. However, there are many components in the tumor microenvironment (TME) such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that may interfere with BiTE function. Herein, we designed an anti‐PDL1‐BiTE that targets programmed death ligand 1 (PDL1) and CD3 and investigated its effect on PDL1pos cancer cells in the presence or absence of adipose‐derived MSCs (ASCs). Method. Our anti‐PDL1‐BiTE comprises of VL and VH chains of anti‐CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) linked to the VL and VH chains of anti‐PDL1 mAb, which simultaneously bind to the CD3ε subunit on T cells and PDL1 on tumor cells. Flow cytometry was employed to assess the strength of binding of anti‐PDL1‐BiTE to tumor cells and T cells. Cytotoxicity, proliferation, and activation of peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBLs) were evaluated by CFSE assay and flow cytometry after using anti‐PDL1‐BiTE in the presence or absence of ASCs and their conditioned media (C.M.). Results. Anti‐PDL1‐BiTE had the ability to induce selective lysis of PDL1pos U251‐MG cancer cells while PDL1neg cells were not affected. Also, anti‐PDL1‐BiTE significantly stimulated peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) proliferation and CD69 expression. ASCs/C.M. did not show a significant effect on the biological activity of anti‐PDL1‐BiTE. Conclusion. Overall, anti‐PDL1‐BiTE selectively depletes PDL1pos cells and represents a new immunotherapeutic approach. It would increase the accumulation of T cells and can improve the prognosis of PDL1pos cancers in spite of the immunomodulatory effects of ASCs and C.M.
The Effect of Chitosan and Rosemary Essential Oil on the Quality Characteristics of Chicken Burgers during Storage
Authors: Farokhzad Pouya , Dastgerdi Asiye Ahmadi , Nimavard Javad Tabatabeian
Published: June 2023

In this study, the effects of chitosan film (1 and 2%) containing rosemary essential oil (1%) in free and nanoliposome forms were investigated on the physicochemical, microbial, organoleptic, and oxidation characteristics of chicken burgers during storage (day 1, day 10, and day 20) at 4°C. The results showed that chitosan and rosemary essential oil decreased pH, total volatile basic nitrogen compounds (TVB-N), and oxidation parameters (peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid) in the chicken burgers (

p
<
0.05

). Compared to the control group (C), the growth of mesophilic and psychrophilic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus aureus, and mold and yeast in all treated groups (E1, E2, CH1, CH2, CHE1, CHE2, CHE3, and CHE4) was delayed during storage. The color and hardness of the chicken burger were affected significantly (

p
<
0.05

). Regarding sensory characteristics, the control group obtained the highest score. The CHE4 group (2% chitosan+rosemary essential oil nanoliposomes) was the most effective treatment for controlling the microbial flora, slowing down some physicochemical and sensory changes, and increasing the shelf life of chicken burgers (

p
<
0.05

). As a result, chitosan coating with rosemary essential oil nanoliposome can guarantee microbiological safety and is recommended for long-term storage of chicken burgers during cold storage.
Analgesic Efficacy of Ketoprofen Transdermal Patch versus Ibuprofen Oral Tablet on Postendodontic Pain in Patients with Irreversible Pulpitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Zadsirjan Saeede , Toghrolian Amirhossein , Zargar Nazanin
Published: June 2023

Background and Aim. Pain control is an integral part of dental treatment. The majority of patients complain of pain after endodontic procedures. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly prescribed for postoperative pain management and are available in various forms. Ketoprofen transdermal patch (KTP) has been limitedly investigated for pain control after endodontic treatments. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of KTP versus ibuprofen tablets for pain control after single-visit endodontic treatment of mandibular molars with irreversible pulpitis. Materials and Methods. In this randomized clinical trial, 64 patients who had mandibular first and second molars with irreversible pulpitis were randomly divided into two groups (n = 32) by stratified permuted block randomization. The experimental group used 60 mg KTP every 6 hours, and the control group received 400 mg ibuprofen tablets every 6 hours for 1 day. The severity of pain experienced by patients was quantified before and at 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 hours after endodontic treatment, using the numerical rating scale (NRS). Data were analyzed by using the t-test, Mann–Whitney test, and generalized estimating equation (GEE) (alpha = 0.05). Results. The pain score was not significantly different between the two groups at the baseline or any other postoperative time point (

P
>
0.05

). The reduction in the pain score was significant in both groups from 2 to 10 hours and 10 to 48 hours, postoperatively (

P
<
0.001

). The interaction effect of time and group was not significant on the postoperative pain score in the abovementioned time intervals, and the pattern of pain reduction was the same over time in both groups (

P
>
0.05

). Conclusion. Both KTP and ibuprofen effectively decreased postendodontic pain. Considering the comparable pattern of pain reduction, KTP can be used as an alternative to ibuprofen tablets for effective pain control after endodontic treatment of mandibular first and second molars with irreversible pulpitis.
A LC-MS/MS Method for Quantifying the Schisandrin B and Exploring Its Intracellular Exposure Correlating Antitumor Effect
Authors: Meng Bosu , Gao Shouhong , Chen Jihui , Wang Bin , Mu Yuhui , Liu Yan , Wang Zhipeng , Chen Wansheng
Published: June 2023

Schisandrin B (Sch.B) shows antineoplastic activity in colorectal cancer, but the mechanism is still obscure. The intracellular spatial distribution may be helpful in elucidating the mechanism. To investigate the intracellular drug distribution of Sch.B in cancer cells, a simple, rapid, and sensitive ultra-highperformance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was established for the determination of Sch.B in colorectal cancer cells. Warfarin was utilized as an internal standard. The sample pretreatment was carried out with protein precipitation using methanol. The analyte was separated on an Atlantis T3-C18 column (3 μm, 2.1

∗

100 mm) using gradient elution with a mobile phase comprised of methanol and 0.2% formic acid in water. The flow rate was 0.4 mL/min. The linear range of Sch.B was 20.0–1000.0 ng/mL with a correlation coefficient (R) more than 0.99. The matrix effect and recovery ranged from 88.01% to 94.59% and from 85.25% to 91.71%; the interday and intraday precision and accuracy, stability, specificity, carryover, matrix effect, and recovery all conformed to the requirements of pharmacopoeia. Cell viability and apoptosis assays demonstrated that Sch.B has an inhibitory effect in a dose-dependent way on HCT116 proliferation and achieved significant suppression at 75 μM (IC50). It was found that in HCT116 cell, nucleus, and mitochondria, exposure levels of Sch.B peaked at 36 h and then decreased, and mitochondria possessed more Sch.B than nucleus. These results may help to elucidate the antitumor effect of Sch.B.
Supplementary Table S1 from Impact of BMI on Prevalence of Dense Breasts by Race and Ethnicity
Authors: Kerlikowske Karla , Bissell Michael C. S. , Sprague Brian L. , Tice Jeffrey A. , Tossas Katherine Y. , Bowles Erin J. A. , Ho Thao-Quyen H. , Keegan Theresa H. M. , Miglioretti Diana L.
Published: June 2023

Supplementary Table S1. Results by 4 density categories.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Impact of BMI on Prevalence of Dense Breasts by Race and Ethnicity
Authors: Kerlikowske Karla , Bissell Michael C. S. , Sprague Brian L. , Tice Jeffrey A. , Tossas Katherine Y. , Bowles Erin J. A. , Ho Thao-Quyen H. , Keegan Theresa H. M. , Miglioretti Diana L.
Published: June 2023

Supplementary Figure S1. Distribution of breast density within BMI categories by race and ethnicity
Data from Impact of BMI on Prevalence of Dense Breasts by Race and Ethnicity
Authors: Kerlikowske Karla , Bissell Michael C. S. , Sprague Brian L. , Tice Jeffrey A. , Tossas Katherine Y. , Bowles Erin J. A. , Ho Thao-Quyen H. , Keegan Theresa H. M. , Miglioretti Diana L.
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground:
Density notification laws require notifying women of dense breasts with dense breast prevalence varying by race/ethnicity. We evaluated whether differences in body mass index (BMI) account for differences in dense breasts prevalence by race/ethnicity.
Methods:
Prevalence of dense breasts (heterogeneously or extremely dense) according to Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System and obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2) were estimated from 2,667,207 mammography examinations among 866,033 women in the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium (BCSC) from January 2005 through April 2021. Prevalence ratios (PR) for dense breasts relative to overall prevalence by race/ethnicity were estimated by standardizing race/ethnicity prevalence in the BCSC to the 2020 U.S. population, and adjusting for age, menopausal status, and BMI using logistic regression.
Results:
Dense breasts were most prevalent among Asian women (66.0%) followed by non-Hispanic/Latina (NH) White (45.5%), Hispanic/Latina (45.3%), and NH Black (37.0%) women. Obesity was most prevalent in Black women (58.4%) followed by Hispanic/Latina (39.3%), NH White (30.6%), and Asian (8.5%) women. The adjusted prevalence of dense breasts was 19% higher [PR = 1.19; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.19–1.20] in Asian women, 8% higher (PR = 1.08; 95% CI, 1.07–1.08) in Black women, the same in Hispanic/Latina women (PR = 1.00; 95% CI, 0.99–1.01), and 4% lower (PR = 0.96; 95% CI, 0.96–0.97) in NH White women relative to the overall prevalence.
Conclusions:
Clinically important differences in breast density prevalence are present across racial/ethnic groups after accounting for age, menopausal status, and BMI.
Impact:
If breast density is the sole criterion used to notify women of dense breasts and discuss supplemental screening it may result in implementing inequitable screening strategies across racial/ethnic groups.
Supplementary Table S3 from Outcomes in Patients with High-Risk Features after Fixed-Duration Ibrutinib plus Venetoclax: Phase II CAPTIVATE Study in First-Line Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Allan John N. , Flinn Ian W. , Siddiqi Tanya , Ghia Paolo , Tam Constantine S. , Kipps Thomas J. , Barr Paul M. , Elinder Camburn Anna , Tedeschi Alessandra , Badoux Xavier C. , Jacobs Ryan , Kuss Bryone J. , Trentin Livio , Zhou Cathy , Szoke Anita , Abbazio Christopher , Wierda William G.
Published: June 2023

Representativeness Data
Supplementary Table S2 from Outcomes in Patients with High-Risk Features after Fixed-Duration Ibrutinib plus Venetoclax: Phase II CAPTIVATE Study in First-Line Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Allan John N. , Flinn Ian W. , Siddiqi Tanya , Ghia Paolo , Tam Constantine S. , Kipps Thomas J. , Barr Paul M. , Elinder Camburn Anna , Tedeschi Alessandra , Badoux Xavier C. , Jacobs Ryan , Kuss Bryone J. , Trentin Livio , Zhou Cathy , Szoke Anita , Abbazio Christopher , Wierda William G.
Published: June 2023

Supplementary Table S2. Sensitivity analysis of outcomes in patients with versus without high-risk features, excluding patients from the CAPTIVATE MRD cohort placebo arm
Supplementary Table S1 from Outcomes in Patients with High-Risk Features after Fixed-Duration Ibrutinib plus Venetoclax: Phase II CAPTIVATE Study in First-Line Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Allan John N. , Flinn Ian W. , Siddiqi Tanya , Ghia Paolo , Tam Constantine S. , Kipps Thomas J. , Barr Paul M. , Elinder Camburn Anna , Tedeschi Alessandra , Badoux Xavier C. , Jacobs Ryan , Kuss Bryone J. , Trentin Livio , Zhou Cathy , Szoke Anita , Abbazio Christopher , Wierda William G.
Published: June 2023

Supplementary Table S1. Patient demographics and disease characteristics at baseline by cohort.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Outcomes in Patients with High-Risk Features after Fixed-Duration Ibrutinib plus Venetoclax: Phase II CAPTIVATE Study in First-Line Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Allan John N. , Flinn Ian W. , Siddiqi Tanya , Ghia Paolo , Tam Constantine S. , Kipps Thomas J. , Barr Paul M. , Elinder Camburn Anna , Tedeschi Alessandra , Badoux Xavier C. , Jacobs Ryan , Kuss Bryone J. , Trentin Livio , Zhou Cathy , Szoke Anita , Abbazio Christopher , Wierda William G.
Published: June 2023

Supplementary Figure S1. Kaplan-Meier curves of progression-free survival (A) and overall survival (B) in the total pooled population of patients treated with fixed-duration ibrutinib plus venetoclax in the FD cohort and the MRD cohort placebo arm. Tick marks indicate censored patients.
Data from Outcomes in Patients with High-Risk Features after Fixed-Duration Ibrutinib plus Venetoclax: Phase II CAPTIVATE Study in First-Line Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Allan John N. , Flinn Ian W. , Siddiqi Tanya , Ghia Paolo , Tam Constantine S. , Kipps Thomas J. , Barr Paul M. , Elinder Camburn Anna , Tedeschi Alessandra , Badoux Xavier C. , Jacobs Ryan , Kuss Bryone J. , Trentin Livio , Zhou Cathy , Szoke Anita , Abbazio Christopher , Wierda William G.
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurpose:
The CAPTIVATE study investigated first-line ibrutinib plus venetoclax for chronic lymphocytic leukemia in 2 cohorts: minimal residual disease (MRD)-guided randomized discontinuation (MRD cohort) and Fixed Duration (FD cohort). We report outcomes of fixed-duration ibrutinib plus venetoclax in patients with high-risk genomic features [del(17p), TP53 mutation, and/or unmutated immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGHV)] in CAPTIVATE.
Patients and Methods:
Patients received three cycles of ibrutinib 420 mg/day then 12 cycles of ibrutinib plus venetoclax (5-week ramp-up to 400 mg/day). FD cohort patients (n = 159) received no further treatment. Forty-three MRD cohort patients with confirmed undetectable MRD (uMRD) after 12 cycles of ibrutinib plus venetoclax received randomized placebo treatment.
Results:
Of 195 patients with known status of genomic risk features at baseline, 129 (66%) had ≥1 high-risk feature. Overall response rates were >95% regardless of high-risk features. In patients with and without high-risk features, respectively, complete response (CR) rates were 61% and 53%; best uMRD rates: 88% and 70% (peripheral blood) and 72% and 61% (bone marrow); 36-month progression-free survival (PFS) rates: 88% and 92%. In subsets with del(17p)/TP53 mutation (n = 29) and unmutated IGHV without del(17p)/TP53 mutation (n = 100), respectively, CR rates were 52% and 64%; uMRD rates: 83% and 90% (peripheral blood) and 45% and 80% (bone marrow); 36-month PFS rates: 81% and 90%. Thirty-six–month overall survival (OS) rates were >95% regardless of high-risk features.
Conclusions:
Deep, durable responses and sustained PFS seen with fixed-duration ibrutinib plus venetoclax are maintained in patients with high-risk genomic features, with similar PFS and OS to those without high-risk features.

See related commentary by Rogers, p. 2561