bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of essential information and disposition effect on shifting decision investment
Authors: Basana Sautma Ronni , Tarigan Zeplin Jiwa Husada
Published: September 2021

The current pandemic era has given uncertainty to the country's economic growth and resulted in many countries experiencing a drastic decline in share prices. This condition impacts investors' perceptions of the funds that have invested in the stock market. This study investigates the effect of essential information and disposition effect on shifting decision investment with the character investor's moderation as the moderator variable. A survey was conducted on 252 investors who have invested in the Indonesian stock exchange. The Data processing used the partial least square (PLS) technique. This study indicates that essential information for investors in the pandemic era can increase the disposition effect in deciding beneficial share ownership. The essential information obtained by investors in the covid era regarding stock market movements and its internal performance in the stock market list can increase investor shifting decisions. The disposition effect can have a significant effect on shifting decision investors. Essential information related to stock price movements and its internal performance affects investors' courage to take risks and provide optimism for shifting decisions. Then the investor type does not affect the disposition effect on shifting decisions. This study contributes to the theory of financial behavior in decision making by considering psychological factors when uncertainty exists in the stock market.
The effect of liquidity risk on the performance of banks: Evidence from Jordan
Authors: AL-Ardah Mohammed , Al-Okdeh Saleh K.
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to determine the impact of liquidity risk on financial performance of Jordanian banks, where liquidity risk was measured by (Liquidity ratio, net working capital, cash and investment ratio to total deposits), and financial performance was also measured through the index (return on assets) and the modifying variable (bank size) measured through the natural logarithm of total assets was also added. To achieve the objectives of the study, the analytical quantitative approach was adopted. The study community consisted of all 13 commercial banks listed on the Amman Stock Exchange. All banks in the study community were selected as a study sample using the comprehensive survey method, and the statistical analysis program (SPSS) was used to test the study hypotheses. Based on the results of the statistical analysis, it was found that there was an impact of liquidity risk on financial performance measured by return on assets in Jordanian commercial banks listed on Amman Stock Exchange, and there was an impact for each of (current liquidity ratio, net working capital, cash and investment ratio to total deposits) on financial performance measured by return on assets in Jordanian commercial banks listed on Amman Stock Exchange. It was also found that the size of the bank contributes to modifying the effect of liquidity risk on financial performance measured by return on assets in Jordanian commercial banks listed on Amman Stock Exchange. The study concluded a set of recommendations, the most important of which are: commercial bank administrations should increase interest in exploiting their liquidity within acceptable risk limits to reach optimal ratios for financial performance by balancing the returns to be achieved with the potential risks of such expenses in a way that ensures the positive impact of liquidity risk on the financial performance of those banks.
The effect of the implementation of financial accounting standards on MSMEs
Authors: Raza Hendra , Saputra Jumadil , Muhammad Zikri
Published: September 2021

Over the last two decades, the global financial landscape has changed dramatically, including the corporate and political climates, the creation of more market-based economies, and rapid technological advancements. Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) is one form of market-based economies created with the most significant business opportunities and very important socially and economically in developing countries for many reasons. However, MSMEs face significant difficulty related to financial reporting standards to evaluate the achievement of business activities. Most MSMEs use a simple form for financial reporting, such as by calculating the difference between inflow and outflow from their business activities. Also, numerous previous studies that focus on Financial Accounting Standards in Indonesia are still limited. Thus, the present study investigates the factors that influence the implementation of Financial Accounting Standards (FAS) of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Aceh Province, Indonesia. This quantitative study uses cross-sectional data collected by distributing 200 questionnaires to MSMEs actors that spread North Aceh Regency, namely Lhokseumawe city and Bireuen regency. The data are analyzed using descriptive statistics (e.g., frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistic (multiple linear regression) analyses. The study indicated that Perception, Education, Socialization and Incentive factors had significant positive effects on implementing Financial Accounting Standards of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Aceh Province, Indonesia. In conclusion, this study has successfully investigated the factors that influence the implementation of Financial Accounting Standards of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Aceh Province.
Toward economic growth: Income distribution in the era of the COVID19 pandemic in east Kalimantan province
Authors: Syarif Abdul Mukti , Suharto Rahcmad Budi , Hasid Zamruddin , Mire M. Saleh , Jiuhardia Jiuhardia , Setini Made
Published: September 2021

The technological era is a dilemma in the economic growth of a region. The policy of economic development, at least, contains two main objectives to be achieved, namely growth and equity. These two goals are usually in conflict with each other. That is, if growth reaches a high level, then equity reaches a decline so that the conscious effort to create a balance is one of the goals of development. Growth to increase income per capita is an effort in progress to increase output (through the use of factors of production with or without technological change) continuously in the long run, which is always associated with population growth. Because with high output growth coupled with high population growth, the growth of output will become a new problem, so efforts to overcome unemployment are also a crucial part of development. Equitable distribution of fixed income is one of the critical issues faced by an economy. Doing a real business venture so that the rent is more evenly distributed is an essential responsibility of an economic system. The development of an economy will cause changes that are not always good due to the use of labor. This sometimes causes the number and level of unemployment to increase, along with population growth. Finally the paper considers whether there is any evidence of government expenditure, Private investment and poverty rates on Income distribution in East Kalimantan Province is Significantly influenced but Economic is not Growth.
Influence of the key account manager in the provisioning management: Evidence from staple companies during the events of COVID-19
Authors: Flores-Vilcapoma Luis-Ricardo , lbengrin-Mendoza Cynthia-Paola A , Gomez-Rojas Gabriela-Briggite , Sánchez-Solis Yuri , Vicente-Ramos Wagner
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the degree of influence exercised by the Key Account Manager in the provisioning management in the main companies called Staple in Peru, during the events of COVID-19. The research was of type quantitative, cross-sectional and temporal, with a non-experimental design, using a multiple linear regression model and correlation analysis to determine the impact that exists between the variables. The data belongs to the Industrias San Miguel company, distributed in a weekly period from June 2019 to March 2021, which gives 88 observations. The results allow us to conclude that the Key Account Manager is an important manager of the supply of goods during the crisis caused by COVID-19 in staple companies.
Factors affecting tax compliance of small and medium enterprises in Hung Yen province, Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Hien Thu
Published: September 2021

Corporate tax compliance has been an interest of policymakers in many countries. Taxes contribute the most to the government’s revenues in Vietnam in general and in Hung Yen in particular. Therefore, tax compliance of enterprises, including SMEs, attracts special concern of the Government and many localities. The objective of this study is to evaluate factors affecting tax compliance by examining 310 managers, tax accountants and accountants at SMEs in Hung Yen province. The survey data is collected by the statistical software SPSS 20. The experimental research results confirm that factors (the possibility of tax inspection, tax rates, tax penalties, and the complexity of tax policy, social norms and tax knowledge) have different influences on tax compliance in SMEs in Hung Yen province, Vietnam.
The role of tax accounting as a tool in light of the problematic shadow economy in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Shalaby Azza Helmy Mahmoud
Published: September 2021

The increasing phenomenon of the shadow economy is progressing dramatically in the absence of State culture among officials, whether legislators or implementers, in the absence or ineffectiveness of an organized production sector. Non-compliance with tax accounting procedures is one of the first problems generated by the shadow economy and most difficult not to include it in national output. The lack of tax commitment in the shadow economy leads to an annual tax gap of billions of dollars, if there is no logical interest on the part of the taxing bodies in developing countries, and if domestic and international tax provisions and legislation are not amended to consider of these important economic developments, and how to keep up with this. The issue of the shadow economy is thorny, and the practical way to raise the revenue needed to finance government spending on the goods and services required by society lies in the local and international tax treatment at the technical and legislative levels. Consequently, the current tax systems and their related regulations must be prepared, whether at the technical or legislative level, especially in light of the flow rate of oil barrels and the alternative if it comes into force. The taxation processes allow time to study the tax accounting and tax and take what suits the Saudi environment from them - lessons for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Critical terms for research/shadow economy, tax regulations and systems, tax gab, tax accounting.
Alternative View of Unemployment Issue among Saudi Citizens - Automatization of Local Gas Stations as a Case Study
Authors: Yousif Mohammed Ahmed Al
Published: September 2021

The primary objective of this paper is to propose an alternative solution for unemployment among Saudi youth. This paper seeks to address the problem of unemployment in Saudi Arabia from a different perspective: productivity aspect. Substantially, this paper proposes solutions for the Saudi youth unemployment problem by increasing the non-oil private sector's productivity. It evaluates the macroeconomic gains of the proposed solutions, such as the number of new jobs for Saudi citizens and additional value-added. The research's main hypothesis is that increasing the non-oil private sector's productivity would significantly reduce unemployment among Saudi citizens. There are two methodologies for evaluating the expected economic benefits of increasing productivity in local economic activities. The first methodology, which is the Saudization of local gas stations by transforming the local gas stations into self-service ones (with one cashier every 8 hours for each gas station), finds that there would be more than 28,000 new jobs with reasonable salaries (at least SAR 3000 instead of SAR 1000 for at least 5 low-skilled foreign laborers) for unemployed Saudi citizens, which are socially accepted and at no additional cost to the government. The second methodology uses Leontief’s IO model to estimate the macroeconomic effects of increasing productivity in the non-oil private sector. It finds that the Saudi gross domestic product (GDP) is expected to record an additional growth rate of around 2.7 percentage points (Note 1) and to create more than 96,000 sustainable jobs for Saudi citizens within the period from 2021 to 2025.
The Effect of Implicitation & Explicitation Strategies on the Acceptance of Two Different Farsi Translations of George Orwell’s Animal Farm
Authors: Sepehri Zhilla , Eslamieh Razieh
Published: September 2021

Explicitating and implicitating are among the significant facets of texts in Translation Studies. They vary across languages in terms of the way and process of transferring into another language. This research presents a study of explicitation and implicitation in translation. Explicitating and implicitating shifts were manually identified in a corpus of English and their translations in presian. Explicitating and implicitating Shifts were classified according to Vahedi Kia’s (2011) framework. The study tries to explore the percentage of the usage of explicitations and implicitating in two different translations of George Orwell’s Animal Farm. The main aim of the study was to specify the relation and the Effect of implicitation & explicitation strategies on the acceptance of two different farsi translations of George Orwell’s Animal Farm. Unlike most other studies of explicitation in translation, the present study did not depart from the assumption of a ‘translation-inherent’, universal process of explicitation (cf. Blum-Kulka’s Explicitation Hypothesis). Rather, the prediction underlying the study was that every instance of explicitation (and implicitation) can be explained as a result of lexicogrammatical and/or pragmatic factors. This analysis has made it possible to compile a list of factors that regularly lead translators to explicitate or implicitate. The factors explain why implicitations are often outnumbered by the corresponding explicitations.
A Lexical-Pragmatic Approach to Japanese Wakamono Kotoba ‘Youth Language’ yabai
Authors: Li Wenchao
Published: September 2021

This study uncovers the morphosyntactic properties of yabai and its clipped forms. It aims to arrive at an understanding of how the forms and the meanings might be associated. A lexical-pragmatic-based analysis was carried out using Twitter and speech corpus data. The findings reveal the following picture of the lexeme: (a) when yabai undertakes an adjective role, modifying a noun, it is likely that a negative evaluation is invited. In this regard, yabai fulfils a lexical function. (b) The adverb use of yabai presents two variations: modifying a verb or modifying an i-adjective. At any rate, the adverb use describes the degree of an event or an object, leading to the assumption that yabai fulfils a grammatical function.(c) The predicate function presents the following diversities: the negative-denotation yabai and yabee are lexical items; the positive/neutral-denotation yabai, yabee and yaba are grammatical items. The clipped forms, i.e. yaba; yabee and yabe are limited to interjection use and adverb use, which are signs of complete grammaticalisation. A quantitative analysis via KH Coder suggests that yabai’s adverb function appears to be limited to women friendships, with parent-child relationship and vertical relationship being ruled out.
Inmunidad de María de la culpa original (III)
Authors: Mateos Ciriaco
Published: September 2021

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Fray Agustín de Jesús, o de Castro
Authors: Aparicio López Teófilo
Published: September 2021

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Notas agustinianas de Dionisio Copete Duarte en el IV Centenario de la Fundación del convento san Agustín de Bogotá 1575-1975
Authors: Campo del Pozo Fernando
Published: September 2021

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Inmunidad de María de la culpa original (IV)
Authors: Mateos Ciriaco
Published: September 2021

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Teología Espiritual (I)
Authors: Cilleruelo García Lope
Published: September 2021

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Historia de la provincia Agustiniana de san Miguel de Quito en el nuevo reino de Granada durante el siglo XVI
Authors: Campo del Pozo Fernando
Published: September 2021

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La pastoral de la confesión en las conciones de Sto. Tomás de Villanueva (II)
Authors: Herrero Bravo Zacarías
Published: September 2021

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Presentación de Paul Tillich (1886 - 1965)
Authors: Garrido Sanz Alfonso
Published: September 2021

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Pastoral de conjunto de clérigos y religiosos según san Agustín y el Concilio Vaticano II
Authors: Campo del Pozo Fernando
Published: September 2021

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El tema de Dios y del hombre en la fenomenología de M. Scheler
Authors: Martín Izquierdo Honorio
Published: September 2021

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Unidad de las iglesias y ministerios
Authors: Domínguez Sánchez Benito
Published: September 2021

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Teología espiritual. Ser en un mundo nuevo
Authors: Cilleruelo García Lope
Published: September 2021

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El hombre ante los «mass-media»
Authors: Díaz Tortajada Antonio
Published: September 2021

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Notas en torno a «la dictadura del proletariado»
Authors: Erdozáin de Vicente Jesús María
Published: September 2021

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Presentación del «panfleto contra el todo» de Fernando Savater
Authors: Cano Peláez Jesús
Published: September 2021

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La mística de la "memoria Dei" en san Agustín
Authors: Cilleruelo García Lope
Published: September 2021

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Introducción a la epistemología y metodología de Max Weber
Authors: Uña Juárez Octavio
Published: September 2021

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Causas matrimoniales y los nuevos acuerdos de 1979
Authors: Campo del Pozo Fernando
Published: September 2021

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La Sagrada Escritura como «Testamento» de Dios en la obra antidonatista de san Agustín
Authors: Luis Vizcaíno Pío de
Published: September 2021

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Problemática en torno a Rom 13,1-7: El cristiano y la autoridad civil
Authors: Rodríguez Merino Ángel
Published: September 2021

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Augustinus Lexikon. Un proyecto definitivo
Authors: Geerlings M.
Published: September 2021

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Evolución del monacato agustiniano
Authors: Cilleruelo García Lope
Published: September 2021

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El azar y la finalidad
Authors: Masdías Quintela Antonio
Published: September 2021

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El hombre, como «memoria Dei», en el pensamiento de Paul Tillich
Authors: Casado Prieto Fidel
Published: September 2021

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La estética de la naturaleza en Fray Luis de León (III)
Authors: Estébanez Cayetano
Published: September 2021

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La estética de la naturaleza en Fray Luis de León (IV)
Authors: Estébanez Cayetano
Published: September 2021

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El cristocentrismo de S. Agustín
Authors: Cilleruelo García Lope
Published: September 2021

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La mística judía y la madre Teresa de Jesús
Authors: Rodríguez Leandro
Published: September 2021

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Padre Lope Cilleruelo Garcia
Authors: Aparicio López Teófilo
Published: September 2021

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Reino y reinado de Dios en el mensaje de Jesús
Authors: Sabugal Santos
Published: September 2021

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Significación humana de la técnica en Ortega
Authors: Natal Álvarez Domingo
Published: September 2021

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Risk Factors Associated with Oral Manifestations and Oral Health Impact of Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease
Authors: Arshad Imran , Zeb Shaista , Keerio Shakir Hussain , Almani Kamran , Raza Syed Ali , Naeem Meshal Muhammad
Published: September 2021

Background and aim: The association of gastro esophageal reflux disease with oral health manifestations faced major challenges in terms of invasive investigative approaches to be performed on patients for necessary treatment. The current study aimed to evaluate the risk factors and impact of gastro-esophageal reflux disease on oral health. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was carried out on 194 gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in Gastroenterology department of Isra University Hospital, Hyderabad for duration of six from July 2020 to December 2020. The individuals underwent duodenoscopy for oesophago–gastro–reflux disease and met the inclusive criteria were enrolled. The gastro-oesophageal reflux disease patients were categorized into two group’s namely chronic gastro-oesophageal reflux disease as a group I (97 patients), while mild GORD was group II (97). The exclusion criteria for this study was individuals with limited mouth opening and unconscious patients. Mucosa oral lesion and abnormal conditions were measured as primary and secondary outcomes. Oral Health Impact Profile-14 was utilized for assessment of life quality changes with hard and soft tissue. Results: Of the total 194 patients, 113 (58.2%) were male while 81 (41.8%) were females. The mean age was 48.32±7.56 years with an age range of 20-80 years. The socioeconomic status of the participants was as follows; urban residents 127 (65.5%) and rural 67 (34.5%). The gastro-oesophageal reflux disease prevalence was found 35.6% (n=69) out of which 34.8% (24) were dental erosion (DE). Group I and II had 97 patients each. The group I was comprised of significantly common diseases such as ulceration 52 (53.6%), Oral submucous fibrosis 59 (60.8%), and xerostomia 42 (43.3%). Chronic gastro-oesophageal reflux and dental erosion diseases were statistically significant with an unhealthy pattern of diets such as ulceration, nausea/vomiting, gingivitis, angular cheilitis, and oesophagitis. The prevalence of overall oral tobacco and smoking addiction was 59 (30.4%) and 52 (26.8%). Tea was the most prevalent consumed beverage 141(72.7%). Gastro-oesophageal reflux and dental erosion diseases were positively correlated with oral health assessment scale-14 (p-value <0.05). The psychological discomfort, psychological disability, physical disability, and functional limitation were the notable impacts with their respective ranks correlation coefficient (rs) 0.29, 0.26, 0.28, and 0.19. Conclusion: Gastro-oesophageal reflux and dental erosion disease had higher severity among patients of oral manifestation compared to those with no gastro-oesophageal reflux and dental erosion disease. The systemic and oral disease severity needs to be assessed routinely with dental checkup. Keywords: Oral manifestations, Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
Prevalence, Mechanism, and Implications of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in COVID-19
Authors: Zeb Shaista , Almani Kamran , Arshad Imran , Keerio Shakir Hussain , Ali Saqib
Published: September 2021

Background; The COVID-19 pandemic has steered the exceptional disorder among the health care system. Gastrointestinal disorder and mortality are considerably associated with the utilization of health care which is disrupted by coronavirus pandemic. Aim: The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence, mechanism and implications of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in COVID-19. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was carried out on consecutive patients of laboratory tested severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and received inpatients/ emergency care at Isra University Hospital, Hyderabad for duration of six months between November 2020 to April 2021. The SARS-CoV-2 tested patients of either symptomatic or asymptomatic were enrolled in this study. The prevalence, mechanism, and implications of gastrointestinal symptoms were evaluated with COVID-19 among patients. The basic parameters such as GI symptoms, health care utilization, clinical predictor, and medication used were assessed with three Functional gastrointestinal and motility disorders (familial dysautonomia (FD), gastroparesis, and Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)). The nasopharyngeal swab was used for SARS-CoV-2 testing. The COVID-19 sensitivity and specificity were 95% and 98% respectively. STATA version 15.1 was used for data analysis. Results: Of the total SARS-CoV-2 tested patients in our hospital, 1540 FGIMD patients underwent testing for SARS-CoV-2 were enrolled. COVID-19 RNA positive test rate was found 15.3% (235/1540) during the same period. Of all the tested patients, SARS-CoV-2 positive rate was higher (p<0.05) in COVID-19 patients with risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, autoimmune disease, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease) at 57.5% (885/1540) compared to 42.5% (655/1540) without risk factors. The COVID-19 prevalence in FGIMD patients was 3.3% (51/1540), 4.8% in IBS (56/1174), gastroparesis3.12% (24/770), and FD 2.4% (30/1250) in our hospital. Increased diarrhea, vomiting/nausea, weight loss, abdominal pain, and constipation were observed in FGIMD patients along with increases in H2 blocker, proton pump inhibitor and opioid use. The outpatient’s visits, diagnostic tests such as lower and upper endoscopies and hospitalization were higher during COVID-19 pandemic compared to the pandemic prior period. Conclusion: The prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms was found higher in functional gastrointestinal and motility disorders patients during COVID-19 pandemic with increase healthcare utilization and medication usage. Key words: Gastrointestinal Symptoms, COVID-19 pandemic, Respiratory syndrome
COVID-19 Pandemic: Psychological Impact on Postgraduate Gynae Residents in Pakistan
Authors: Hafeez Sania , Rizwan Aesha Sadaf , Ali Tabassum , Hashmi Irum Batool , Tahir Muhammad , Wazir Zubaida Khanum
Published: September 2021

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the psychological impact (anxiety, stress and depression) on postgraduate Gynae residents in Pakistan during COVID-19. Study Design: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration: The study was conducted through a questionnaire of Google Proforma which was distributed among the PGRs of Gynae and Obs department of different centres of Pakistan. The study was conducted for nine months during from April 2020 to December 2020. Methods: Total 180 participants (PGRs) were presented in this study. Complete characteristics of the participant were obtained. Postgraduate Gynae Residents from different centers were enrolled in this study. DASS-21 scale was used to measure the severity of anxiety, depression and stress among all participants. Complete data was analyzed by SPSS 24.0 version. Results: Mean age of the participants was 30.24±3.08 years. 109 (60.5%) participants were married and the rest 71 (39.5%) were unmarried residents. Frequency of depression was found among 130 (72.2%) participants followed by anxiety 118 (65.5%), stress found in 105 (58.3%) participants. Conclusion: We concluded in this study that the prevalence of psychological impacts on Gynae residents were significantly higher in terms of mild, moderate and severe intensity. Early detection and prevention of factors i.e. depression, anxiety and stress are necessary in hospitals. Keywords: Post graduate, Gynae residents, COVID-19, Psychological impacts
Manual Vacuum Aspiration (M.V.A) Versus Conventional Evacuation and Curettage in Early Pregnancy Loss
Authors: Shaheen Uzma , Yasmin Sumaira , Liaqat Nazia , Rafique Sonia
Published: September 2021

Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of manual vacuum aspiration and conventional evacuation and curettage in early pregnancy loss Study Design: Randomized control trial Place and Duration: Study was conducted at department of obstetrics and gynecology Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar from 1st January 2019 to 31st August 2020. Methods Patients were early pregnancy loss (12 weeks or lesser gestational age) were enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups by lottery method. Group A were the patients who had conventional evacuation and curettage treatment. Group B were patient in which MVA was used. Patients’ demographics were recorded after taking written consent. Gestational age was calculated from first day of last menstrual cycle and by ultrasound. Cervical ripening was done by (misoprostol 400mcg) two hours before procedure. Procedure was carried out under aseptic measures. Complete uterine evacuation by either procedure was assessed by ultrasound after procedure and complications were noted. Data was analyzed by SPSS 24.0. Results: mean age in Group A was 29 years with SD ± 8.65 while mean age in Group B mean age was 30 years with SD ±7.62. Group B (Manual Vacuum Aspiration) was effective in 96% patients while Group A(Conventional Evacuation and Curettage) was effective in 89% patients. Complications were fewer in MVA as compared to conventional evacuation and curettage Keywords: MVA, Evacuation and curettage , Early pregnancy loss.
Maternal Anemia during Pregnancy and Its Association with Preterm Birth
Authors: Aziz Sumaiya , Najmusahar Syeda , Anwer Sohani , Baloch Nazish
Published: September 2021

Objective: To determine the association of preterm delivery with maternal anemia in Tertiary Care Hospital, Karachi. Study Design: Prospective cohort study. Study Setting: Study was conducted at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi, Pakistan. Duration of Study: Six months from 3rd September, 2018 to 3rd March, 2019. Subjects and Methods: Data was prospectively collected from 90 patients. 45 patients were in the anemic group and 45 patients were in the non anemic group. Quantitative data was presented as simple descriptive statistics giving mean and standard deviation and qualitative variables were presented as frequency and percentages. Effect modifiers were controlled through stratification. Post stratification chi square was applied and p-value of ≤0.05 was considered significant. RR > 1 was considered significant. Results: In the anemic group, mean age of the patient was 28.82±3.65 years, gestational age at delivery was 36.97±2.58 weeks, booking hemoglobin was 9.79±0.84 g/dl, and delivery hemoglobin was found to be 9.73±1.19 g/dl. In the non-anemic group mean age of the patient was 29.57±5.83 years, gestational age at delivery 37.08±1.91 weeks, booking hemoglobin was 10.76±0.99 g/dl and delivery hemoglobin was found to be 10.75±1.12 g/dl. Moreover, frequency distribution of preterm status showed that out of 45 patients in anemic and non-anemic group, 35.6% and 46.7% had preterm status respectively. RR was 0.76. Conclusion: Prematurity is major cause of perinatal mortality. The findings of this study although shows prevalence of preterm delivery in both anemic and non-anemic pregnant women however results were not significant to support our hypothesis. Further research is needed with strategies to address the anemia status of expecting mothers. Key Words: Maternal anemia, preterm, anemia and non-anemic group.
Comparison of the Clinical Efficacy of 2.5% Non-Heated Sodium Hypochlorite and 2.5% Heated Sodium Hypochlorite as Irrigation to Control Postoperative Pain in Single Visit Root Canal Treatment
Authors: Waleed Muhammad , Tasleem Farah , . Sarwanand , Jagirani Noorullah , Rajput Fozia , Tasleem Doua
Published: September 2021

Objective: To compare the clinical efficacy of 2.5% non-heated sodium hypochlorite and 2.5% heated sodium hypochlorite as irrigation to control postoperative pain in single visit root canal treatment. Study Design: Comparative analytical study Place and Duration: Operative dentistry department of Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro for 6 months duration from March 2017 to September 2017. Material and Methods: A total of 60 patients with single rooted maxillary and mandibular permanent teeth were randomly allocated into two groups. 30 patients were in group A and treated with non heated sodium hypochlorite solution and 30 patients in group B were treated with 2.5% heated sodium hypochlorite solution. In both groups, the level of pain was measured postoperatively after 48 hours by using Heft Parker visual Analog Scale of 10 and information was collected on Performa. Results: The average age of the patients was 28.62±6.06 years. There were 40(66.7%) male and 20(33.3%) female. Pain was reduced in both groups but there were no significant difference in reduction of pain between groups (p=0.640). Conclusion: Severity of pain was not statistically significant between groups. At 48 hours, Pain was reduced in both groups but there were no significant difference in reduction of pain between groups. Heated sodium hypochlorite to relieve postoperative pain, it should be new trend for recommendation for treatment of irreversible pulpitis in single visit root canal treatment. Key Words: Root canal, Heated sodium hypochlorite, Postoperative pain.
Frequency of Organisms Causing Onychomycosis in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Salik Khawaja Muhammad , Ahmed Najia , Qazi Anas Ahmed , Panhwar Mansoor , Khaliq Yousra Abdul , Mushtaq Iqra
Published: September 2021

Objective: To determine the frequency of organisms causing onychomycosis in a tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Cross-sectional study Setting and Duration: The Department of Dermatology, PNS Shifa Hospital, Karachi for duration of six months from 1st September 2019 to 28th February 2020 Material and Methods: Total 395 patients were included. Affected nail was cleaned with 70% alcohol and nail clipping was done. Scrapings were collected from distal portion of nail plate, the nail bed and undersurface of the nail. In case of multiple nail involvement, the nail that was most severely affected was selected. The culture plates were put to incubation and observed for 4 weeks period for the presence of growth. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Stratification was done. Poststratification chi-square test was applied. P-value ≤0.05 was considered as significant. Results: There were 63.8% male and 36.2% female patients. Color change of nail was observed in 94.9% cases, subungual hyperkeratosis in 28.6% cases, distal onycholysis in 24.6% cases, total nail plate dystrophy in 22% cases, partial nail plate dystrophy in 11.6% cases, and transverse ridges in 21.8% cases. Total 82.8% cases were classified as dermatophyte, 5.3% as yeast and 11.9% as non-dermatophytic mould. Conclusion: In conclusion, our study results showed that most prevalent mycological type of isolate was dermatophyte, followed by non-dermatophytic mould, and yeast. Keywords: Frequency, Organisms, Onychomycosis
The Effect of Breast and Bottle Feeding on Dental Caries in Preschool Children
Authors: Othman Enas , Jaradat Taghreed , Alsakarna Basma , Alelaimat Ayman F , Alsaddi Rania
Published: September 2021

Introduction: This study evaluates the effect of breast and bottle feeding on the severity and age of onset of early childhood caries (ECC). This prospective study conducted at the dental clinic of King Hussein Medical Center between March 2020 and July 2020. All preschool children who attended to the dental clinic suffering from dental caries were included in the study. Methodology: All preschool children who attended to the dental clinic suffering from dental caries were included in the study. A detailed history was obtained regarding age, gender, medical diseases, dental history, duration, frequency, and patterns of infant feeding. The patients were divided into 3 groups; the 1st group are those with exclusive breast feeding, the 2nd group are those with excusive bottle feeding and the 3rd group are those with mixed bottle and breast feeding. The age of onset of the caries was recorded. The severity of dental caries using DMFT index was explored in the groups. The obtained data was analyzed and compared with other studies. Results: 240 patients with aged between 3 and 6 years (mean 4.6±1.1) were enrolled in the study. A bout 55% of them was males. The commonest method of feeding for children was combined breast and bottle feeding (43%) followed by exclusive breast feeding (34%) and bottle feeding (23%). The highest DMFT score was found among patients with bottle feeding (4.9). The highest DMFT scores and earlier onset of caries were observed among patients who were breast fed (5.2, 3.2) or bottle fed (4.8,3.1) for more than 2 years respectively. Patients who were fed at night or those with frequent daily feeding at a rate of more than 6 times were associated with more sever forms of dental caries. Conclusion: Bottle feeding, nocturnal feeding and prolonged and frequent breast feeding were associated with more sever forms and earlier onset of dental caries in preschool children. Therefore, exclusive daily breast feeding at a rate not exceeding 6 times daily and for a duration not exceeding 12 months is recommended as a habit of feeding for infants. Key words: Breast feeding, Bottle feeding, Dental caries
OSCE: An Effective Tool of Assessment for Medical Students
Authors: Sarfraz Farrukh , Sarfraz Fahad , Jawad Imran , Zia-Ul-Miraj Mohammad , Ahmad Rizwan Zafar , Saleem Jawairia
Published: September 2021

Background: To assess the competency of a student different tools are used. Since its introduction in 1975 by Dr. Harden and his team, OSCE has gained tremendous strides to assess the clinical competencies. Since 1975 onward OSCE has been very successfully used to assess the clinical competencies of medical student globally. OSCE is an assessment tool in which student is observed for performance of different tasks at specified stations. In the current study perception of medical students about OSCE examination was done which shall give room for positive criticism and further improvement of the system where ever required. Objective: To expedite view of final year MBBS students of Azra Naheed College about OSCE Material and Method Study design: Quantitative, cross sectional study. Settings: Azra Naheed College, Lahore. Duration: Six months i.e. 1st July2020 to 31st December 2020 Data Collection procedure: After an informed consent and appropriate briefing, the questionnaire was distributed among the final year medical students of Azra Naheed Medical College. Questionnaire developed by Russell et al was used. Results: Out of 148 students who participated in the study, 66(45%) students were females and 82(55%) were male. Majority of the students were satisfied with the quality of the exam. Consensus about the quality of exam was that, 29.7% were aware about the nature of the exam, 52.7% were satisfied that the syllabus taught was asked in the exam, 58.1% were satisfied about the time allocation for each station. Majority i.e. 60% considered OSCE an exam of practical nature which is not biased by gender or ethnicity. More than 50% of the students were satisfied with the standard of the exam. At the same time more than 50% students considered essay exam the easiest format of assessment. However, OSCE was considered to be fairest form of assessment 73%. 68.9% perceived that learning is enhanced by MCQs rather than other formats of assessment. Conclusion: To conclude this study, it is very much clear that the perception of students about OSCE as an assessment tool was very encouraging, as it not only provided them the opportunity to highlight their weaknesses but also helped them to perform well in the exam, manage time during exam and to overcome them stress which influenced their results. Key words: OSCE, Objective, Examinations, Clinical skills, qualitative analysis
Firearm Injuries in the Tribal Area of Pakistan. An Emerging Trend
Authors: Khattak M Asghar , Farid Noreen , Husain Urooj , Muhayudin Ghulam , Naveed Amir , Mustafa Tayyaba Amjad , Bashir Naghmana
Published: September 2021

Background: Due to multiple conflicts among the society many countries are facing rise in the firearm causalities. Whether it may be due to unstable government or economic crises it leads to huge financial burden to the country and ultimately to the family. Easy access to firearm weapons is one of the leading cause. Material and Methods: It is a cross sectional descriptive study, conducted in the tribal areas of Pakistan. The study was conducted on intentional firearm injury cases which reported to hospital during the period from January 2010 to December 2010 in District Hospital Timergara after informed consent, history was recorded and examination was done. Study was focused on age, sex, site of injury, parameters causing injury, the person involved in causing this injury and management provided. Results: A total of 200 cases were reported during this study period. The cases included in the study were 150 (75%), of intentional injuries, out of which 143 (95.3%) cases were of homicidal firearm injuries and 7 (4.6%) cases were suicidal in nature. Majority of the cases were reported during the month of May (20.29%) and June (17.48%) and lowest figure was observed in the December (2.14%). Conclusion: Study concludes that not believing in the judicial system of the community added with multiple other factors leads intentional firearm injuries which is a dominant cause of fatal injuries observed in the society. Law should be enforced strictly on the use of illegal firearm weapons, as reported in this study that in majority of the cases weapon used was illegal. Keywords: Firearm injuries, Tribal Areas, Pakistan, homicidal, Firearm weapons
Frequency of Dyslipidemia in Patients with Type-II Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Malik Bilal Rafique , Ilyas Aneeqa , Anwar Rehan
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Dyslipidemia is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus. Early detection and treatment of dyslipidemia in type-2 diabetes mellitus can prevent risk for atherogenic cardiovascular disorder. Objective: To determine the frequency of dyslipidemia in patients with type II diabetes mellitus presenting in a tertiary care hospital for routine check-up Materials and Methods Study design: Cross sectional study Setting: Department of Medicine (South Medical Ward), Mayo Hospital, Lahore Duration: Six months i.e. 1st July 2020 to 31st December 2020. Data collection procedure: Total 220 patients fulfilling selection criteria were enrolled in the study. Then blood samples were obtained and sent to the pathology laboratory of the hospital for assessment of lipid profile. Reports were assessed and level of cholesterol and triglycerides were noted and dyslipidemia was labeled, if levels were high. All this data was recorded in proforma. Results: In this study, the mean age of patients in this study was 52.71 ± 7.46 years. There were 104 (47.3%) males and 116 (52.7%) females. There were 92 (41.8%) patients of normal BMI, 72 (32.7%) patients were overweight and 56 (25.5%) patients were obese. The mean duration of diabetes was 18.30 ± 3.92 months. Dyslipidemia was diagnosed in 97 (44.09%) patients. Conclusion: Results of this study showed high frequency of dyslipidemia among diabetic patients. Key words: Dyslipidemia, Type II, Diabetes mellitus, Lipid profile
Radial Artery Occlusion after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention through Transradial Approach
Authors: Farooqi Muhammad Asif , Malik Bilal Rafique , Anwar Rehan
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Radial artery occlusion may occur after percutaneous coronary intervention when done via transradial approach. The frequency of radial artery occlusion is almost nil in patients after PCI through transradial approach. Thus radial artery approach for PCI can be a good opportunity to conduct the procedure. Objective: To assess the frequency of radial artery occlusion after percutaneous coronary intervention through transradial approach in patients of acute coronary syndrome Material & Methods Study Design: Descriptive case study Settings: Department of Cardiology, Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore. Duration: Six months i.e. 1st July 2020 to 31st December 2020. Data Collection: Total 100 patients who underwent PCI through transradial approach 6 months ago were studied. All the selected patients then underwent Doppler scan to assess patency of radial artery. Radial artery occlusion was confirmed by when there was reduced flow in radial artery as compared to the adjacent side artery Results: In this study, the mean age of patients was 54.56 ± 8.96 years. There were 43 (43%) males and 57 (57%) females. The frequency of radial artery occlusion in patients after PCI through transradial approach was seen in 3 (3%) of the patients. Conclusion: Results of this study demonstrates that the frequency of radial artery occlusion is almost nil in patients after PCI through transradial approach. Thus radial artery approach for PCI can be a good opportunity to conduct the procedure. Key Words: Radial artery Occlusion, Transradial approach, percutaneous coronary intervention, acute coronary syndrome
Scald Burns, Children a Vulnerable Vicitm
Authors: Sukhera Khyzer Hayat , Hassaan Muhammad , Naveed Amir , Parveen Sobia , Waseem Muhammad , Sharif Sadia
Published: September 2021

This retrospective study spans over a period of two years and included 18 scald cases all of them were accidental in nature. Majority of the reported cases were children who sustained scalds of more than 50% of the area of the body. Analysis of the data was done on the bases of age, gender, site where incidence took place, nature of injury, causative agent, duration patient survived and manner of death. There were 18 male cases and 6 female cases, all died due to incidence of scald. All reported cases were domestic in nature. Upper part of the body was affected in majority of the cases and boiling water was the main source of scalds. The surface area affected in all cases was more than 50% which was calculated with the help of rule of nine. The cause of death in majority of the cases was septicemia. Aim: The aim of the study is to explore of causative factors of wet burns in young age group. Methodology: This study is based on retrospective data which was conducted between the years January 2000 to December 2002. During this time period total of 16 cases of death due to hot liquid i.e. scalds were reported for autopsy nearly all of them belonged to young age group. Results: The reported cases in our study were males (67.8%) and females (32.2%), the ratio of male to female was 2:1. The common age group effected was children ranging from 1-12 years (59.01%), followed by adults in the age group of 35 -45 (17.12%) years. Majority of the incidences were domestic in nature72.2%. more than 70% of the incidences took place at home and more than 85% of the body area affected was thorax. Hot boiling water was the main cause of scalds. Conclusion: Scalds appear to be one of the most common type of burns encountered in children, the major contributing factor is the ignorance on the part of the mother. All studies have proven one common thing that onus of responsibility rest on the shoulders of the parents, who should take the responsibility and be more vigilant so that such incidences should be avoided. Key Words: Scalds, wet burns, adolescents.
Explore the Motifs of Attachment and Social Intelligence in Visually Impaired Adolescents
Authors: Saleem Jawairia , Ain Qurat.Ul. , Nizami Saleha Akram , Saleem Sadia , Sarfaraz Farrukh
Published: September 2021

Objective: This present study was aimed to explore the attachment patterns on the social Intelligence scale in visually and non-visually impaired adolescents. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study which was conducted in different private and government schools of special education and mainstream from Lahore. Results and Conclusion: During the two years of study, total contributors were122 in which Visually Impaired participants were 56 and Non-Visually Impaired were 66 with the maturity era of 14 to 19 years. Two scales were used; Social Intelligence Scale (SIS), and the Attachment Questionnaire for Children (AQC). In this study, results indicated that there was no significant difference found between the level of Social Intelligence on different attachment patterns between visual and non visually Impaired adolescents. There was no difference between the three types of attachment patterns on the social intelligence level of Visually Impaired and non Visually Impaired adolescents. On the other hand, Non-Visual Impaired adolescents had shown more secure attachment while Visual Impaired adolescents showed more ambivalent attachment patterns. Key Words: Visual Impairment, Non-Visual Impairment, Social Intelligence, Attachment Patterns