bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Climate Change Induced Parameters of South-Eastern Coastal Islands of Bangladesh: Comparison from 1977 to 2017
Authors: Barua Prabal , Rahman Syed Hafizur , Molla Morshed Hossan
Published: January 2022

Climate change is one of the biggest threats for the new millennium, and Bangladesh is considered as "Poster Child" as an impact on climate change in the world. The main focus of this study is to investigate the changing pattern of climate parameters, particularly temperature, rainfall, humidity, cloud coverage, and wind speed in two coastal islands of the southeastern coast of Bangladesh from 1977 to 2017. The linear regression model described that the temperature in Kutubdia and Sandwip islands was 0.0298 and 0.0444 times increased from 1977 to 2017. Besides, rainfall patterns in Kutubdia decreased by 0.4083, and Sandwip Islands increased by 0.875 every year from its previous counterpart. The humidity level also increased due to the rise of temperature and water availability for evaporation from irrigation. Moreover, significant changes in wind speed and the cloud coverage rate in the Island areas increased with the increasing value of temperature and humidity. It also means the rainfall rate increases with cloud cover in the sky. However, the study found decreasing rates of bright sunshine in the Island areas. The declining rate of sunshine is very high and is a matter of great concern for the agriculture and health sectors in particular areas. Therefore, the community's concept of climate parameters, association, and extremes is well apparent. Identify poor land use planning as the primary anthropogenic driver of the change, and they advocated boosting the capacity of linked fields that are in danger owing to climate change. To conclude, the coastal inhabitants recommended that taking preparedness would be easier if the information transmitted through quicker and reliable sources such as news broadcasts, phone messages, or the internet.
When dreams die: parental experience after child death
Authors: Pelarak Ferdos , Azizi Shilan , Merdasi Elham , Tarashoki Ehsan Bandani , Madmoli Yaghoob , Sadeghi Narges
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Death of a child is considered as one of the greatest devastating failures that makes the continuation of life difficult for the parents. With child’s death, parents lose a part of themselves and a part of their future dreams, and their loss is extremely vast and extensive. Hence, the present study has been conducted for the purpose of describing the experiences of parents who have lost a child. Materials and Methods: This study used a qualitative approach through a phenomenological method. Sampling was based on the objective of the research and the method of interview was unstructured and conducted until the full data saturation. Information was gathered through   interview with 23 fathers or mothers who had lost their child. Colaizzi’s method was used for data analysis. Results: Conducted interviews were analyzed. From the total 371 concept codes, 22 sub concepts along with 7 main concepts were identified. Main concepts include moving forward, mourn, desperation, need for support, consolation, abandoned, and mental impasse. Conclusion: Results of the current study show that the death of a child makes the continuation of life difficult and causes the creation of deep crises for parents; the results of these crises will be the creation of destructive influential reactions in their lives. Real understanding of mental condition of parents at the time of the loss child and then, a necessary step in improving the health of the parents.
Evaluation of the level of Growth Hormone Secretion in Patients with Thalassemia Major
Authors: Ziari Katayoun , Rahmani Omid
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Thalassemia Major Illness is mainly created as a progressive hemolytic anemia within the next six months of life after birth. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the level of growth hormone secretion in patients with thalassemia major. Methods: The present research is a descriptive-analytic study. 97 patients with major thalassemia were selected. All patients test files were examined. Demographic information of each patient was gathered using a questionnaire. Fasting blood samples were taken from patients and the level of growth hormone was measured. Results: The participants of the study were 95 patients (48 males and 47 females). The youngest patient was a seven-month girl and the oldest one was a 27- year- old girl. The average age of patients was 13.48 years old. All patients were under transfusion. After stimulation with clonidine, 45.26% and 54.74% of patients did not have a significant increase in growth hormone and growth hormone secretion, respectively. Conclusion: The study indicates that there is a significant relationship between Failure to thrive (FTT) and thalassemia patients. And the highest degree of FTT is at the age of over 14 years and poor control of plasma ferritin level plays an important role in delayed puberty. Therefore, in order to prevent FTT, patients are required to be regularly examined in terms of growth rate and the factors involved in FTT should be determined and appropriate preventive measures should be taken.
Study of the Effects of Planned and Written Training on Anxiety in Neurosurgical Patients
Authors: Ghiasvandian Shahrzad , Taher Mohammad , Ghaffari Hojat , Chennari Hadi Ahmadi
Published: January 2022

Background & Aim: Anxiety and depression are considered as important complications before surgery. Given the importance of reducing anxiety in patients nominated for surgery, different methods are conducted for this purpose, that patient training is one of these methods, this study was performed with the aim of influence of planned and written education on anxiety in patients scheduled for neurosurgery. Material and Methods: This study was an experimental that 90 neurosurgery patients were randomly divided into 3 groups of planned, written and control training. At the first stage, all patients responded to 40 questions of Spielberger anxiety questionnaire and then intervention was performed in the planned and written training groups. Then assessment of anxiety in patients after training was conducted in three groups. In order to analyze the data, in addition to calculate the mean and standard deviation, independent t-test and ANOVA were used. Results: The results showed that there is no difference between the average anxiety of patients before the training (P> 0.05). But there is difference between patients anxiety in the three groups after the test (P <0.05). And by comparing the mean, it was shown that mean anxiety in two planned and written training groups is decreased after training. Conclusion: Given that nurses play an important role in the investigation and relief of patients anxiety, and compared to other members of the healthcare team spend more time with patients undergoing surgery, the planned training method must therefore be considered to provide effective support to reduce anxiety before surgery.
IT Risk Management based on ISO 31000 For BRImo Application (BRI Mobile) as an Transaction Processing Information System
Authors: Wati Fatma , Sari Sarmila , Utamajaya Joy Nashar
Published: January 2022

BRImo application is a software support system owned by Bank bri in order to increase profits and provide maximum service to customers. With the BRImo application, it can make it easier for customers to register for new account openings and e-banking transactions anywhere without being limited by space and time. However, implementing information technology is not without risk, because banks are a highly regulated industry and must be carried out prudently. With the growing complexity of BRI's business activities and operations, the risks faced are also getting bigger. Threats that arise to operational activities can be triggered by various factors, both internal and external. Therefore, there is a need for risk management analysis on the BRImo Application using the ISO 31000 framework so that the possible risks that will occur can be minimized or eliminated by carrying out Risk Assessment and Risk Treatment. The results of this study are various possible risks in the identified application using a probability and impact matrix as well as the handling of the possible risks that exist. So that the results of this risk analysis can be used to help companies prevent, minimize risks, and treat these risks according to their priorities before the possibility of these risks hampering the company's performance.
Editorial Llamkasun
Authors: Medina Castro Dario Emiliano , Valenzuela Muñoz Alberto , Diaz Dumont Jorge Rafael
Published: January 2022

La Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Tayacaja “Daniel Hernández Morillo” presenta el Vol. 2, No 4 (2021) de la Revista de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica “Llamkasun” que es una publicación editada semestralmente por la UNAT y gestionada mediante Open Journal System. Tiene como objetivo publicar artículos resultados de investigaciones concluidas que conserven un carácter de originalidad, utilidad, relevancia científica y tecnológica; que aporten nuevos conocimientos sobre aspectos teóricos o prácticos en las áreas de Recursos Naturales, Educación, Salud, Alimentación, Ingeniería y entre otras disciplinas.
Producción, precios y dinámica de las exportaciones del café peruano
Authors: Dilas-Jiménez Josué Otoniel , Diaz Dumont Jorge Rafael , Torres Huamani Jose , Mendoza-Pumapillo José Enrique , Tamayo Ortiz Christian Vicente
Published: January 2022

El crecimiento económico de un país, tanto en el largo como en el mediano plazo esta explicado en parte por la Productividad Total de Factores (PTF) y esta ha evidenciado una caída en los últimos años, ocasionando una desaceleración del crecimiento económico. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar el comportamiento del café peruano en lo que respecta a la producción, los precios y la dinámica de las exportaciones del café peruano hacia el mercado internacional, a partir de lo cual se observe desafíos y oportunidades para esta cadena productiva. El paradigma abordado es el interpretativo, siendo un estudio de caso. Entre sus principales conclusiones se tiene que el sector cafetalero peruano necesita de una importante mejora tecnológica para mejorar su productividad, puntualizando en la producción de cafés especiales, y que cuya exportación tenga en cuenta el comportamiento estacional de precios de las exportaciones, tipo S, más pronunciada en el segundo semestre del año.
importancia de los colorantes y tintes naturales para las poblaciones originarias de la amazonia peruana
Authors: Lozano Reátegui Ronald Marlon , Asencios Tarazona Vitelio , Mendoza Carlos Mariano Magdaleno
Published: January 2022

El presente artículo hace una descripción sobre la importancia de los colorantes y tintes naturales asociados a los usos, costumbres y cosmovisión de las poblaciones amazónicas, fundamentada en la limitada información disponible. La metodología empleada es descriptiva, partió de la búsqueda y revisión bibliográfica de investigaciones desarrolladas sobre el tema. Se enfoca en conocer la importancia que tienen los colorantes y tintes para las poblaciones originarias de la amazonia peruana, así como su significado cultural, socioeconómico, biológico y divino; prácticas aplicadas actualmente como fuentes de importantes ingresos económicos, reemplazando el decorado corporal por pintado de objetos comercializables, pero que todavía son manifestaciones muy arraigadas de su identidad cultural.
“FAME”: FSPYING & SOLVING FIREWALL ANOMALIES
Authors: LAKSHIMIBHARGAVI B , MARUTI PRASAD V
Published: January 2022

Advent of many emerging computing technologies became very catchy to users. So, usage of technology increasing very rapidly day by day. Security became major issue. People who are working through the internet suffer from unintended security leakages by unauthorised actions in an organization and also problems created by hackers through the malicious codes. To overcome
the security issues we have a concept called “firewall” .Network fire alls guard an internal computer network (home, school, business
intranet) against malicious access from the outside. Network firewalls may also be configured to limit access to the outside from internal users. In this paper, we elaborate FAME(firewall anomaly management environment) and we will have a glance on firewall anomalies and resolving techniques. In addition we are going explain few concepts practically and also representing diagrammatically.
Exploring the Discrimination Factors of Marine Women Officers Onboard
Authors: Das Mahashweta , Ray Malabika , Chakraborty Prabir , Ghosh Chiranjib
Published: January 2022

Seafaring is a challenging working environment for women. For the last two decades, mainly in western countries, women have been showing their existence in the fleet, but as the chief marine, women officers such as captain, executives, or leader posts aboard are very poor with respect to other services. In practice, women continuously face many problems from working environments, and it may be very high in seafaring. The current article aims to determine the factors related to discrimination of women officers (DOWO) onboard based on a data set containing 149 female officers’ responses from 18 different countries. The aimed response DOWO is marked as heteroscedastic. It is derived that the mean (or average) of DOWO is directly linked to women nationality (Spanish = 1; Others = 2) (P=0.0022), while it is reciprocally linked to her professional qualification (P=0.0290) and their male companion’s support (P<0.0001). The DOWO’s variance is reciprocally linked to women nationality (P= 0.0356), while it is directly and partially linked to their age (P=0.1343) and contract’s type (P=0.0799). It is observed that women officers with Spanish nationality, higher qualifications and their male companion’s support can reduce the degree of discrimination against women.
Pengaruh Empowering Leadership Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai dan Motivasi Intrinsik (Studi pada pemerintah Kota Palangka Raya)
Authors: Nada Nabillah
Published: January 2022

Tujuan - Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan menganalisis secara empiris pengaruh empowering leadership terhadap kinerja pegawai  dan motivasi intrinsik.
Desain/Metodelogi/Pendekatan - Metode penelitian yang digunakan asosiatif kausal dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Sampel dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari 188 Pegawai Negeri Sipil (PNS) diluar pimpinan jabatan tinggi (Pejabat) pada komplek perkantoran pemerintah Kota Palangka Raya. Penentuan sampel menggunakan teknik propotional random sampling. Proses analisis data menggunakan bantuan SmartPLS 3.2.8
Hasil penelitian - menunjukkan bahwa empowering leadership berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja Pegawai Negeri Sipil dan motivasi intrinsik pada pemerintah Kota Palangka Raya.
Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior Dan Kinerja Pegawai
Authors: Agustin Permata Sari Sri
Published: January 2022

Purpose- This study aims to provide an empirical explanation of the effect of work motivation on organizational citizenship behavior and employee performance.
Design/Methodology/Approach- The research method used is descriptive-quantitative. The population of all employees of Education Office of Palangka Raya City found 116 people with a sample consisting of 90 respondents with simple random sampling technique. Analyzed with SmartPLS 3.2.9 software.
Finding- Showes that work motivation has a positive and significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior and on employee performance in the Education Office of Palangka Raya City.
Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi dan Motivasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT. Grapari Telkomsel Palangka Raya
Authors: Nauw Elisabeth , Retawati Anike
Published: January 2022

Tujuan, - Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memberikan penjelasan tentang pengaruh budaya organisasi, motivasi, dan terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. Grapari Telkomsel Palangkaraya.
Desain/Methodologi/Pendekatan - Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan penelitian kuantitatif. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan menggunakan pendekatan Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) dengan pendekatan Partial Least Square (PLS), software yang digunakan adalah SmartPLS 3,
Temuan penelitian -Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Budaya Organisasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan, dan motivasi berpengaruh positif dan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan
Analisis Kinerja Keuangan Menggunakan Metode EVA dan MVA Pada Perusahaan Semen Yang Terdaftar Di BEI
Authors: Sari Citra Dewi Wulantika Manda
Published: January 2022

Tujuan, - Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kinerja keuangan perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) selama tahun penelitian 2015 sampai dengan tahun 2020.
Desain/Methodologi/Pendekatan -  Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan penelitian deskriptif-kuantitatif. Teknik analisis data penelitian ini adalah metode EVA dan MVA. Teknik analisis Trend juga digunakan untuk mengetahui perkembangan kinerja keuangan perusahaan.
Temuan penelitian - Nilai EVA pada perusahaan PT. Indocement Tunggal Prakarsa Tbk, PT. Semen Indonesia (persero) Tbk, dan PT. Semen Baturaja (persero) Tbk bernilai positif (EVA>0) disetiap tahun penelitian yang berarti perusahaan mampu menciptakan nilai tambah ekonomi bagi perusahaan. Sementara kinerja keuangan menggunakan metode MVA, umumnya masing-masing perusahaan memberikan kekayaan yang substansial bagi pemegang saham. Hal ini ditunjukan dengan nilai MVA yang positif
Analisis pengaruh volume perdagangan, frekuensi perdagangan, order imbalance terhadap volatilitas harga saham pada sektor transportasi darat yang terdaftar di bursa efek indonesia
Authors: Saryati
Published: January 2022

Tujuan, - Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh volume perdagangan, frekuensi perdagangan, dan order imbalance baik secara parsial maupun simultan terhadap volatilitas harga saham pada sektor transportasi darat yang terdaftar di BEI.
Desain/Methodologi/Pendekatan, -Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis data panel dengan menggunakan bantuan Microsoft Excel, dan Eviews 9.Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 4 perusahaan dari sektor transportasi darat yang telah terpilih berdasarkan kriteria dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling.
Temuan penelitian, - Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) volume perdagangan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap volatilitas harga saham, frekuensi perdagangan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap volatilitas harga saham, order imbalance tidak berpengaruh terhadap volatilitas harga; 2) volume perdagangan, frekuensi perdagangan, dan order imbalance secara simultan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap volatilitas harga
Pengaruh kesadaran wajib pajak, sanksi pajak dan kualitas pelayanan terhadap kepuasan wajib pajak bumi dan bangunan
Authors: Fatoni Irfan , Nurhayati Indah Dewi
Published: January 2022

Tujuan, -Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efek dari kesadaran wajib pajak, denda pajak dan kualitas layanan otoritas pajak terhadap kepuasan wajib pajak Bumi dan Bangunan di Kota Malang.

Desain/Metodologi/Pendekatan, -Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dan Populasi dalam penelitian ini di batasi wajib pajak Bumi Dan Bangunan di Kelurahan Tulusrejo Kota Malang dengan sampel sebanyak 98 orang wajib pajak bumi dan bangunan. Teknik pengambilan sampelnya dengan menggunakan simple random sampling.

Temuan Penelitian, -Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kesadaran wajib pajak dan kualitas pelayanan otoritas pajak berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan wajib pajak Bumi dan Bangunan di Kelurahan Tulusrejo.

Orisinalitas/Nilai, - Hasil penelitian memiliki nilai tambah karena kesadaran wajib pajak dan kualitas pelayanan otoritas pajak berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan wajib pajak Bumi dan Bangunan di Kelurahan Tulusrejo secara parsial dan simultan. Tapi, denda pajak tidak berpengaruh pada kepuasan wajib pajak Bumi dan Bangunan di Malang
Volcaniclastic turbidites of the Coşuştea Nappe: a record of Late Cretaceous arc volcanism in the South Carpathians (Romania)
Authors: Seghedi Antoneta , Oaie Gheorghe
Published: January 2022

Sedimentological and mineralogical composition of Upper Cretaceous terrigenous and volcaniclastic sandstones are presented for the Coşuştea Nappe of the South Carpathians, Romania, in order to constrain the provenance and tectonic setting of deposition. Existing geochemical data on volcaniclastic rocks were interpreted using discrimination diagrams in order to get additional information. The Coşuştea Nappe includes terrigenous turbidites, overlain by upward coarsening sequences of volcaniclastic turbidites, both associated with a strongly dismembered mélange complex. Facies association and vertical facies distribution suggest that terrigenous successions are midfan turbidites, dominated by deposition in suprafan channels. Their sandstone mineralogy indicates that a major sediment source, located on the upper plate, provided detritus of Getic type metamorphic basement and withinplate volcanic rocks, with minor input from the accretionary wedge. Volcaniclastic sedimentation took place as dominantly sandstone deposition in supracone lobes, followed by coarse sedimentation as channelized debris flows. Vertical facies distribution suggests evolution in time from midfan to proximal fan turbidites. Mineralogical composition of volcaniclastic sandstones indicates provenance from a major volcanic source, with minor contributions from the accretionary wedge and from an upper continental plate supplying terrigenous siliciclastic detritus, and suggests that volcaniclastic turbidites accumulated in a trench or a slope forearc basin. Geochemical data indicate resedimented volcanic arc material, with intermediate to basic composition and calc-alkaline geochemistry. The volcanic source was very likely represented by the Maastrichtian volcanism related to the Banatitic Magmatic and Metallogenetic Belt from the western South Carpathians.
Impact of Dividend Policy Analysis on Fluctuations in Stock Price of Food and Beverage Companies
Authors: Siagian Ade Onny , Riesmiyantiningtias Ninuk , Amalia Rizky
Published: January 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of dividend policy on stock prices in food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The results of the research of PT Sekar Laut, from the results of the calculation of the correlation analysis obtained the value of the coefficient = 0.33 which means that it has a very weak relationship or there is no relationship between dividend policy and stock price movements and the coefficient of determination is 10.89%, which means the effect of dividend policy on stock price fluctuation was only 10.89%, the remaining 89.11% was caused by other factors and for PT. Ultra Jaya, from the results of the calculation of the correlation analysis obtained the coefficient of determination 0.96, meaning that dividends per share have a strong relationship with stock price movements, and the coefficient of determination is 92.16%, which means that the effect of dividend policy on stock price fluctuations is 92.16%, the rest is 92.16%. 7.84% caused by other factors, as well as for PT. Ades Alfindo Putra Setia, from the results of the calculation of the correlation analysis obtained a coefficient of 0.86 (the value of r is close to a positive and strong number) with a determination coefficient of 73.96%, then the effect of dividend policy on stock price fluctuations is 73.96%, the remaining 26.04% caused by other factors. The value of 96 (the value of r is close to one) means that dividend per share has a strong relationship with stock price movements, and the coefficient of determination is 92.16%, which means that the effect of dividend policy on stock price fluctuations is 92.16% and the remaining 7.84% is caused by factors
Cyclophosphamide Induced Histological Changes in Testis of Swiss Albino Mice
Authors: . Supriya , Kalthur Sneha G , Kalthur Guruprasad
Published: January 2022

Background: Cancer is one of the leading causes for morbidity and mortality. The most often used anticancer drug is Cyclophosphamide, the continuous usage of which may affect the fertility outcome in young boys. Henceforth an attempt is made in this experimental animal study design on swiss albino mice to look into the histological changes in the testis tissue post exposure to the Cyclophosphamide.
Subjects & Methods: Healthy male Swiss albino adult mice (n=43), which were 6 to 8 weeks old, with average weight of 32±5 g were obtained from Central Animal Research Facility, Manipal were used for the study. They were maintained in well ventilated polypropylene cages containing paddy husk.
The adult male mice were divided into two groups, control (n=7) and test (n=36). In the test group, the mice were injected with Cyclophosphamide at variable doses as per body weight. From each group certain no. of mice was sacrificed on different days. A parallel control group was kept for each of the treatment intervals. Similarly, the 12 prepubertal male mice, control (n=3) and test (n=9) which were of 2 weeks old with average weight of 8±2 g were also considered. The testicular tissue was then extracted and used in histological study.
Results: A significant damage was noticed in the spermatogenic cells of the testicular epithelium. However Leydig cells were least affected.
Conclusion: The experimental design studied here throws light on dose and time dependent toxic effect of one of the most commonly used anticancer drug- cyclophosphamide.

Keywords: Cyclophosphamide, Testis histology, Swiss Albino mice.
Assessment of Kala-Azar in Dumka District of Jharkhand, India
Authors: Topno Vidushi , Oraon Vikas
Published: January 2022

Kala-azar is a vector-borne disease and a serious public health problem in India. Highly affected states in India are Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh. In 2010, 14.87% cases were contributed from Jharkhand. The study was done to know the trend of disease in five year duration (2016-2020) in Dumka District, Jharkhand.
Method – This was a cross-sectional study. It was executed in 10 Blocks of District Dumka Jharkhand. Convenience sampling technique was used in this study. Data analysis was done from the line-list of District Vector Borne Disease Control Office, Dumka.
Result – During the 5 year study period there was annual reduction in the trend of visceral leishmaniasis. Male cases were more predominant. Age group >21 years were maximum affected. VL had affected all the 10 Blocks. PKDL cases were seen maximum in Blocks like Ramgarh, Dumka Sada, Kathikund and Gopikander.
Conclusion- Annual reduction of incidence of Kala-azar reveals that the current Kala-azar elimination strategy is highly effective and elimination of disease from endemic blocks is possible. Further improvement in treatment, elimination strategies and accessibility of primary health care services in endemic rural areas can gear up to get over last-mile obstacles.

Keywords: Visceral Leishmaniasis, Indoor Residual Spraying, Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis, Kala-azar.
Effect of Structural Empowerment and Work Autonomy on Innovative Work Behavior in Plantation Companies
Authors: Leila Gustiarti , . Hamidah , Hidayat Dede Rahmat
Published: January 2022

Innovative work behavior is a key factor for the effectiveness and survival of the organization in the face of competition in the free market. Therefore, it is important to conduct research on what factors can increase innovative work behavior. This study aims to examine the effect of structural empowerment and work autonomy on innovative work behavior in Plantation Companies. Respondents in this study were 173 supervisor level employees from state-owned plantation companies in Indonesia who were selected by simple random sampling technique. Structural equation modeling is used to test the hypothesis of this research. The findings show that work autonomy has a positive and significant effect on innovative work behavior, but structural empowerment has no effect on increasing innovative work behavior. Suggestions in this study are the need for a mediator variable so that structural empowerment can improve innovative work behavior.

Keywords: Structural Empowerment, Work Autonomy, Innovative Work Behavior.
Analysis of the Influence of Road Infrastructure, Electrical Infrastructure and Health Infrastructure on Economic Growth with Investment as a Moderating Variable in Indonesia
Authors: Parulian Tohap , Mahendra A.
Published: January 2022

This research is intended to know the influence of Road Infrastructure, Electrical Infrastructure, and Health Infrastructure with Investment as a moderating variable in Indonesia during the period 2004-2020. The multiple regression analysis conducted estimates. The data used in this study were secondary, consisting of Road Infrastructure, Electrical Infrastructure, and Health Infrastructure to Economic Growth for the year 2004-2020. The results of this research that the Road Infrastructure, Electrical Infrastructure, and Health Infrastructure variables partially have a significant effect on the variables of the Economic Growth in Indonesia. In addition, based on simultaneous test (F test), Road Infrastructure, Electrical Infrastructure, and Health Infrastructure have a significant effect on the variables of the economic growth simultaneously. The investment cannot moderate the relationship between Road Infrastructure, Electrical Infrastructure, and Health Infrastructure on Economic Growth.

Keywords: Road Infrastructure, Electrical Infrastructure, Health Infrastructure, Investment, and Economic Growth.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE PERCEPTIONS OF FATA STUDENTS ON FRONTIER CRIMES REGULATIONS: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY AT HAZARA UNIVERSITY MANSEHRA, PAKISTAN
Authors:   Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan, Rahman Khalil ur , Khan Tariq Anwar ,   Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan, Khan Zia ullah ,   Government Degree College Chakesar, Shangla
Published: January 2022

This study was conducted with an aim to analyze student’s perceptions regarding the impact of Frontier Crimes Regulations on the lives of the inhabitants of Federally Administered Tribal Area of Pakistan. Further, the study also aimed at understanding the views of FATA students about the future of Frontier Crimes Regulations. A total of 200 students of Hazara University Mansehra belonging to different Federally Administered Tribal Areas were purposively selected and their responses were taken through structured questionnaires. The collected data was analyzed through descriptive statistics. Findings suggest that Frontier Crime Regulations have a significant and negative impact on the social, legal, cultural and political aspects of the people of Federally Administered Tribal Areas. It is generally concluded that majority of the participants from the area were not satisfied with Frontier Crimes Regulations and thereby demanded that these regulations should be abolished and the regions must be brought under the administration of provincial department. Keywords: Crimes, Tribal; Administration, Regions, Amendments
EFFECT OF POST TRAUMA STRESS DISORDER ON SOCIAL SETTINGS OF WOMEN: A STUDY IN DISTRICT SARGODHA, PUNJAB PAKISTAN
Authors:   University of Sargodha, Sheikh Urwah , Amin Humera ,   University of Sargodha, Nosheen Farhana ,   Government College University Faisalabad
Published: January 2022

General distress is a condition experienced by different women in traumatic situations. Post-Traumatic stress disorder is measured as a multi-dimensional concept, which would contain a diversity of reasons The main objective of this study was to explore the social and psychological factors of pre traumatic and post trauma effects on women patients. The study was quantitative in nature and used well-structured questionnaire to collect the data from women patients who are suffering from PTSD with sample size N=304. Women who suffered from traumatic situation may have short-term difficulty in adjusting, coping and focusing on their task activities. Multi stage random sampling technique was used to collect the data from four psychiatric hospitals (public & private) out of 9 in district Sargodha Punjab, Pakistan. SPSS was used to analyze the research data. It is reported that the most prevalent age group of women was 18-28 (51.5%) in this study. Majority of them have low family income up to 11,000-24,000 per month. Most of the women patients have an experience of different types of stress including upset memory, bad dreams, negative emotions and poor adjustment in relationship within family and society. Social and emotional support mechanism should be helpful to the women in handling traumatic situations. Government should increase funding for research on Post Trauma Stress Disorder (PTSD) on Women case studies. Key words: Traumatic effects, Stress, Women, Health, Social settings, Treatment.
Geoscan
Authors: Duffy Jane C.
Published: January 2022

Managed by the Government of Canada Publications, GEOSCAN is an Open Access database that collates the Earth Sciences publications of the Natural Resources Canada (NRCAN). Included are almost 90,000 records of Mining, Materials and Energy, Geological Survey of Canada publications, Topographic
Maps, Remote Sensing, and Geodesy publications. GEOSCAN offers integrated access services to researchers and students while preserving and disseminating knowledge stemming from Natural Resources Canada's published research and information. It classifies, organizes and disseminates knowledge,
providing access to NRCan's publications on topics related to sustainable development, mineral and energy resources and landmass. The database is managed by the Information Management Division of Natural Resources Canada. An Open Access service, GEOSCAN continually adds records and full-text
publications as they become available.
Impact of dilute acid pre-treatment on the energy generation potential from Sugarcane Bagasse: A comprehensive study
Authors: Roy Rupak , Paul Tania , Vora Kunal , Nandi Duttatreya , Tarafdar Sambit , Shil Saurav , Dey Pritam , Bardhan Sayan
Published: January 2022

The rapid industrialization, urbanization, and population explosion have resulted in increased energy consumption, resulting in growing credence on conventional fossil fuels (like coal and petroleum). The literature suggested that the fossil fuel reserve is diminishing rapidly and are also associated with the spectrum of entanglement like degradation of overall environmental quality, pressure on global treasury etc. On the contrary, clean and carbon neutral energy sources are an excellent alternative in this critical scenarioof energy crisis due to their greater abundance and carbon neutrality. Accordingly, a biomass-based energy recovery system has substantiated potential in this cognizance. Waste biomass is a particular biomass class that has gained significant research engrossment in the utilization of feedstock in energy recovery applications. However, a biomass-based energy recovery system is often reported to be uneconomical. Hence a sustainable approach of custom-made technologies should be taken towards this end by harnessing the colossal biomass reserve to generate power from then in a cost-beneficial and eco-friendly manner. The present study focuses on the impact of chemical pre-treatment (chosen in the form of sulphuric acid) on various energetic properties of waste biomass (chosen in the form of sugarcane bagasse). The waste biomass's compositional analysis, bulk density, ultimate & proximate analysis, and calorific value (in terms of higher heating value or HHV) were carried out after dilute acid pre-treatments by following standard procedures as cited in literature. The obtained results indicated that dilute acid pre-treatment has significant potential for better energy recovery potential. Maximum rise in the various properties was for acid pre-treatment with 5% acid. This study can greatly favour the upcoming headway and further scaling-up of the biomass-based energy harvesting technology promoting sustainable societal advancement.
The chemistry of Crismer’s test for glucose in urine
Authors: Sánchez-Viesca Francisco  , Gómez Rein
Published: January 2022

The study of what is going on in a chemical test is important, the more if the involved substance is glucose in urine. In the Crismer’s test the blood-red colour of safranin solution in alkaline medium is discharged if the glucose concentration is higher than 100 mg/dl. The reagent is not affected by uric acid or creatinine as is the case with the Fehling solution. The safranin test detects sugar in saliva when other reagents failed. Since the reaction mechanism of this test has not been advanced, we provide the electron flow, step by step.
18-Animal Rights and the Responsibilities of a Muslim
Authors: Sarwar Muhammad , Tanzeem Hafiz Muhammad , Raza Ahmad
Published: January 2022

Islam is the religion of mercy and love. It is based on the great principles of love and compassion, reward, kindness and justice. These golden principles can be seen everywhere in the religious literature of Islam. Be it the Qur'an or the owner of the Qur'an's instructions: Feelings of compassion and mercy will be seen everywhere. Hardness and mischief do not reward. The Holy Prophet was very kind and compassionate towards all creatures. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) did not tolerate the suffering of even the smallest creatures. Opposes any kind of cruelty to animals. This article reveals the golden teachings of Islam for the oppressed creature of Allah Almighty and the responsibilities of a Muslim in this concern.
5-Role of Rural Education and Development Foundation in School Development for AJK
Authors: Rifaqat Muhammad , Mahmood Khalid , Akber Afif
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study was to find out the role of rural education and development foundation in school development for AJ&K. The objectives of the study were to: find out the role of READ Foundation for the development of poor and needy students, assess the contribution of READ Foundation in training of staff and analyze strategy is being applied for school buildings and physical infrastructure. The study was delimited to: Regional Managers working in five regions of READ Foundation in AJ&K, Education Training Officers working in five regions of READ Foundation in AJ&K, Head Teachers working in Higher Secondary Schools of READ Foundation in AJ&K and HSSC level teachers working in READ Foundation in AJ&K. The study was aimed at analyzing the contribution of READ Foundation for school development in AJ&K. It was a qualitative study by design, and a descriptive study by nature which required a survey to collect the data. The data were collected from different (four) groups of samples on self-developed questionnaires personally by the researcher. Population of the study was as follows: All five (5) Regional Managers (RMs) of READ Foundation. All twenty-five (25) Education Training Officers (ETOs) of READ Foundation. All three hundred and seventy-four (374) Head teachers of READ Foundation and all five thousand two hundred and seven (5207) teachers. The main purpose of sampling is to produce a sample that best representing the research questions (Maxwell, 2003). Multistage sampling techniques were used for this study. All five (05) RMs were selected by universal sampling technique. All twenty-five (25) ETOs were selected by universal sampling technique. All twenty five (25) head teachers were selected by universal sampling technique. Questionnaire was used as research tool. Chi-square, percentages and frequencies were as statistical techniques
1- Satisfaction Level of Athletes Regarding Sports Facilities at Collage Level in Bahawalpur Pakistan
Authors: Mahmood Muhammad Zahid , Farooq Amira , Ashraf Misbah
Published: January 2022

The main objectives of the study were to examine the influence of internal and external factors on the satisfaction level of athletes and to find out the most dominant factors affecting college sports in Government and private colleges in Bahawalpur District, Pakistan. The researcher created 10 hypotheses to examine the objectives of the study. Male and female athletes, government, and private college controlled sport were selected as part of the study. A 20% representative sample was taken from both male and female athletes, but the total population consisting of sports directors from both colleges was taken according to the Gay formula (1985). A representative sample of 100 was selected using a convenient sampling method. A self-development questionnaire was used to collect data. The validation process, test cases and reliability were performed accordingly. The questionnaire was personally distributed to all respondents. The returned responses were analyzed using SPSS version 20 and Excel Micro software. In the first step, the researcher used descriptive statistics that showed the frequency, percentages and averages of the responses. Second, the researcher used unpredictable statistics to examine formulation hypotheses. The results of the study were drawn based on the analysis of the data. The data showed that all internal and external factors are in both --colleges and have had a significant impact on the athletic satisfaction of athletes in Bahawalpur -- colleges in Pakistan (P> 0.05). However, the impact of all internal and external factors was found to be greater in private colleges compared to Government College. Regarding dominant factors among internal and external factors, both in public and private colleges, it was concluded that inappropriate training and participation of athlete training dominated internal factors and family influence among external factors affecting sport at both colleges in Bahawalpur district, Pakistan. It is recommended that the relevant authorities should provide all facilities for athletes to increase student participation in sporting activities at college level.
A Study on Equity and Distribution of National Income and Poverty Method
Authors: Bottcher Lucas
Published: January 2022

The study offers an analysis of two important indicators: the equity of the distribution of national income and poverty, using the Gini coefficient, as it gives a numerical measure of the equity of the distribution. The last decades in Iraq and Egypt have witnessed widening the gap between different income groups due to several economic, political, and social factors. Therefore, the research focused on analyzing and measuring the phenomenon of poverty and its relation to the equity of income distribution for a sample of developing countries based on the annual statistical bulletins of the World Bank. Research has increased the phenomenon of poverty. In Iraq, based on national income per capita and total household consumption data using the Gini coefficient, the research concluded with a set of conclusions. The most important is the widening of the gap between per capita consumption and total family consumption increase in national income in Iraq. About the analysis of the phenomenon of Poverty in Egypt, the great disparity is also evident. In the poverty gap between national income per capita and total household consumption, despite the increase in national income in both countries, indicating low national income equity in both countries, and this is the result of the high cost of living and low real incomes, as well as the depreciation of the local currency. Therefore, the research problem boils down to whether the increase in the national income rate reflects positively in reducing inequality in the income distribution of the two countries and reduces the phenomenon of poverty.
Impact of Import and Export of Energy Supply on the Total Electricity Generation Model
Authors: Ruslan Nur Awatif
Published: January 2022

Renewable and non-renewable sources are crucial especially in the production of electricity. In Malaysia, we are mainly using fossil fuels to generate electricity. To ensure a sufficient amount of energy sources, we require to import these energy supplies. Since Malaysia has a large amount of petroleum and crude oil, we need to export the resources and indirectly, it can contribute by increasing our country's income. Thus, the main purpose of this study is to explore any significant impact of import and export of energy on the total electricity generation in Malaysia. All of the data are taken from the Energy Commission (Malaysia). Range from 1980 until 2017 every year. Ordinary least square (OLS) and correlation analysis have been implemented to achieve the objectives of our study. The energy supply was found to be significant with the total electricity generation exclude the export of crude oil which shows it is insignificant. Then, our findings proved that the highest correlation is between the import of petroleum and import of coal. On the contrary, the import of crude oil is the lowest negatively correlated to the export of crude oil. For the K-S test, it justified that the residuals are normally distributed. Our results confirm the energy supply influences either in a positive or negative impact on the total production of electricity in Malaysia.
Minimizing the Congestion Index and Mode Share of Traffic Congestion in Urban Area
Authors: Idris Norisma
Published: January 2022

Urbanization is heavily influenced by the transportation that becomes fundamental to the mobility of human activities. However, unchecked growth in transportation raises serious concerns about many issues such as congestions, limited parking, and public transit problem. This phenomenon also overwhelms Kuala Lumpur, the capital city of Malaysia that has a high number of car ownership. Consequently, traffic congestion in urban area has affected people living there in terms of lost time on the road and waste of fuel consumption. In this regard, this research aims to minimize the congestion index and mode share in Kuala Lumpur based on the tested of six travel demand strategy variables. The problem was model and optimized using system dynamics (SD) optimization approach. Results of the developed SD optimization model shows that the optimized congestion index is 0.89863 while the mode share is 52.87% in 2030 compared to SD baserun which are only 1.1021 and 21.7% for congestion index and mode share respectively. This finding shows that SD optimization performed a better result in terms of achieving the targeted of congestion index and mode share of < 0.6 and 50% by 2030 compared to SD baserun. From the managerial perspective, this research helps towards achieving the government’s congestion index and mode share targets through strategizing the ways on attracting public transportation and discouraging the usage of private cars in Kuala Lumpur.
Do Biopsychosocial Causal Models Rule Out Physicalism?
Authors: Baetu Tudor M.
Published: January 2022

Donald Price and James Barrell, two eminent pain researchers, argue that every time an experiment demonstrates that a biological variable is causally relevant to a psychological outcome, we are entitled to further rule out a possible mind–brain identity or supervenience relationship.
As experimental evidence for two-way causal links between biological and psychological variables accumulates, more and more identity and supervenience relationships are ruled out, suggesting that psychophysicalism is empirically better supported than physicalism. I raise an objection to this
line of argumentation by pointing out that, in the studies in question, causation is established within an operationalized framework; that is, irrespective of whether one knows what exactly is being manipulated and measured and how the intervention and measurement techniques work. By itself,
evidence for causal relevance doesn't demonstrate that to each manipulated variable corresponds an ontologically distinct cause. This opens the possibility that some variables share common referents, as postulated by physicalist accounts. Moreover, even if it is not clear how to test for identity
or supervenience relationships, it is still possible to test for causal mediation, which can generate empirical evidence discriminating between reductive physicalism and non-reductive alternatives.