bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Why is it so hard to belong? The difficulties of refugees in their integration processes within Brazilian society and labor market
Authors: TEIXEIRA ANA CHRISTINA CELANO , SILVA ELIANA CRISTINA MOTTA DA , BALOG DANIELA LONGOBUCCO TEIXEIRA , SÁ BIANCA
Published: June 2021

Abstract The world has recently witnessed a social phenomenon that has been present during the entire history of humanity, but has now taken on greater proportions and impact: the large population displacements of refugees. According to the United Nations, more than 75 million people were in this situation worldwide at the end of 2017, a figure never observed before (UNHCR, 2017). Since 1951, more than 147 countries, including Brazil, have signed the United Nations Refugee Convention, which established obligations for signatory governments to provide refugees with legal and safe working conditions. Considering this context, this study aims to investigate the perceptions of refugees of different origins regarding the processes and difficulties of integrating into Brazilian society and labor market. The processes deal with bureaucratic barriers, cultural differences, ethnic-racial issues, and language, among others. The study uses a qualitative approach consisting of eight interviews in the city of Rio de Janeiro with refugees of a variety of nationalities and both genders. The results show that these respondents perceive a gap between public policies and practices involving refugees in the workplace, and also discrimination by the population, employers, and authorities, describing a multicultural rather than an intercultural context. Despite these challenges, respondents say they intend to continue living and working in Brazil.
Integration of refugees involving organizational managers’ experiences
Authors: SILVA PABLO MARLON MEDEIROS DA , EL-AOUAR WALID ABBAS , SEVERO ELIANA ANDREA , BRITO LYDIA MARIA PINTO , CASTRO AHIRAM BRUNNI CARTAXO DE
Published: June 2021

Abstract This article investigated the organizational integration of refugees from the experience of company managers in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. A basic qualitative research was developed, based on interpretative paradigm assumptions, and the data were collected through a semi-structured interview applied to five managers in charge of refugees in their workplace. The interviews data underwent qualitative content analysis. The results showed potential integration benefits, such as experience sharing, new talents, gratitude, engagement, improvements in the company’s reputation, productivity, creativity, and organizational development from the inclusion of new languages. However, factors such as language, diploma revalidation, skill limitation, and low schooling levels were seen as obstacles to efficient integration. The research also found that employers are highly dependent on voluntary assistance from organizations for hiring and integrating refugees, which indicates that, without the presence of these mediators, the possibilities of recruiting the refugee workforce may be affected. The study contributes to broadening the discussion on the organizational integration of refugees, a topic that is still little explored in the field of administration. It also intends to awaken in managers a more sensitive view about people in a situation of refuge and how their effective integration can impact their businesses and individuals.
The role of social protection structures in the economic integration of refugees: analysis of Syrian refugees in the city of São Paulo
Authors: GUZZI ANDRÉ CAVALLER
Published: June 2021

Abstract This paper aims to analyze the role of social protection structures in the economic integration of refugees. While most of the literature on economic integration focuses on refugee access to formal workforce, this paper explores the importance of social protection in the integration process and how it paves the way for greater economic integration. This paper investigates both formal social protection structures and informal ties within immigrant communities that help refugees obtain a basic income while they are in the process of integration. Brazil has no national program for economic integration of refugees and, in terms of social protection structures, they are recipients of the same social assistance programs that are offered to the low-income population. By looking at a conditional cash transfer program, Bolsa Família, and analyzing the access and outcomes of this program for Syrian refugees in the city of São Paulo, this paper shows the limitations of providing these programs to refugees without considering their specificities. In conclusion, for a stronger economic integration, formal structures of social protection need to be more efficient and better address refugees’ needs. In order to conduct this work, I used academic and news articles, and interviewed members from the government and civil society organizations who work with refugee integration.
Desarrollo Moral em Bioética: ¿Etapas, Esquemas o Ámbito Morales?
Authors: Kottow Miguel , Schramm Fermin Roland
Published: June 2021

Resumen: La teoría cognitivo-evolutiva iniciada por Piaget y desarrollada en el campo del desarrollo moral por Kohlberg, se basa em un ascenso escalonado, estructurado y no reversible del juicio moral del niño y del adolescente. El adulto se encuentra anclado em la etapa más alta que haya logrado alcanzar durante su maduración - geralmente la etapa convencional -, donde ejerce la competancia moral necessaria para la convivencia social em respeto de normas y leyes vigentes. Las éticas aplicadas ponen a los agentes profesionales frente a dilemas inéditos, no cubiertos por la moral cívica convencional, y que requieren la adquisición de nuevas perspectivas Morales. Este proceso de enriquecimento del juicio moral no sigue los lineamientos de Kohlberg, que están pensados para el individuo em maduración, sino que consistirian en una amplicación de competencias bioéticas no sería, según aqui postulado, un cambio de nivel o etapa sino una extensión de la estructura moral de la persona. Apoyados en Taylor, MacIntyre y Ricoeur, sugerimos que el ejercicio y la comprensión de narrativas pueden enriquecer a la persona de tal modo, que desarrolle la sensibilidad para entender los valores morales involucrados en situaciones biomédicas y la competencia para discurrir y sigerir soluciones adecuadas a los dilemas que allí se presentan.
30 Anos de Ensino da Medicina do Trabalho na Faculdade de Medicina da UFMG: Lições Aprendidas e Perspectivas
Authors: Dias Elizabeth Costa , Silveira Andréa Maria
Published: June 2021

Resumo: É revisado o processo de ensino-aprendizado das relações trabalho-saúde-doença no curso médico da Faculdade de Medicina da UFMG, nos últimos 30 anos (1971-2001). Abordam-se aspectos da história e desenvolvimento desses conteúdos, com base nos aspectos legais e no contexto sociopolítico, econômico e pedagógico das mudanças curriculares ocorridas no período, traduzidas na evolução da Medicina do Trabalho à Saúde Ocupacional e Saúde do Trabalhador. Descreve-se a atual organização dos conteúdos e o programa adotado, identificado e analisando algumas das dificuldades enfrentadas para sua implementação, bem como a avaliação dos alunos sobre a disciplina Saúde do Trabalhador. A partir dessa experiência, são apresentadas sugestões para o desenvolvimento das competências mínimas em Medicina do Trabalho, que todos os médicos devem ter para o exercício profissional, independentemente da especialidade que vierem a exercer e da sua inserção no sistema de saúde, a serem adquiridas no curso de graduação. São apontadas para o ensino médico.
Desenvolvimento docente pós-COVID-19: mudanças ou troca de cenário?
Authors: Dias Eliane Pedra , Ferreira Maria Amélia
Published: June 2021

Resumo: Introdução: O mundo tem milhões de infectados pelo SARS-CoV-2, e o desfio permanece em 2021, com a vacinação e o aparecimento das novas cepas. Este é um texto sobre reflexões de como a pandemia está mobilizando as escolas médicas e se as mudanças induzidas pela emergência sanitária nos paradigmas pedagógicos serão revertidas em mudanças culturais. Desenvolvimento: A experiência de confinamento tem sido emocionalmente rica, entremeada por desafios, mergulhos pedagógicos reflexivos e muito trabalho. Analisamos o confronto entre a pandemia e as escolas médicas, com ênfase nos questionamentos a respeito das adaptações e se serão revertidas em mudanças culturais. O desenvolvimento docente não tem sido priorizado nas instituições de educação médica, e a troca do presencial para o remoto não garante mudanças. Conclusão: O docente tem papel nuclear na formação de médicos com competência, ética e humanidade. É necessário avançar, para além do brilho da hiperconectividade, com a instalação de um fórum permanente sobre desenvolvimento docente.
Construção de consenso Delphi das competências otorrinolaringológicas preconizadas ao egresso de Medicina
Authors: Rodrigues Carolina de Castro Santos , Dias Ruth Borges , Toledo Junior Antônio Carlos
Published: June 2021

Resumo: Introdução: Afecções otorrinolaringológicas são destaques entre as enfermidades mais frequentes na atenção primária. Acredita-se que a sobrecarga na atenção secundária seja consequência da baixa resolução dos problemas na atenção primária. Uma possível explicação para esse fato seria a deficiência na capacitação médica durante a graduação. Estima-se que a carga horária média de otorrinolaringologia seja 0,6% da carga horaria média total, após análise de 141 matrizes curriculares, correspondendo a aproximadamente 70,5% do total das escolas médicas em funcionamento em 2013. Nessa área, poucos estudos têm sido realizados em relação ao ensino e à necessidade de reavaliação curricular. Objetivo: O presente estudo tem o intuito de buscar um consenso sobre as competências necessárias ao generalista na especialidade de otorrinolaringologia. Métodos: Criou-se um questionário inicial que abordava as competências otorrinolaringológicas pertinentes à prática clínica dos médicos da atenção primária. Por meio da metodologia Delphi, no formato eletrônico, o questionário foi enviado para 20 especialistas com formações distintas: médicos generalistas, otorrinolaringologistas e médicos de família e comunidade. Essa heterogeneidade entre os especialistas contribuiu para garantir a confiabilidade dos resultados. Os resultados obtidos após cada rodada eram analisados pelos pesquisadores, que observavam as tendências e as opiniões dissonantes, bem como suas justificativas. Ao final da sistematização e compilação dos resultados, um novo questionário era elaborado e reenviado, iniciando uma nova rodada até que o consenso fosse estabelecido em todas competências. Resultados: Realizaram-se cinco rodadas para o estabelecimento do consenso em todas as 17 competências otorrinolaringológicas avaliadas pelas proposições, o possibilitou a definição do nível de competência dos conteúdos e procedimentos otorrinolaringológicos preconizados ao egresso de Medicina. Conclusão: Os dados obtidos neste trabalho podem servir para o embasamento, direcionamento e desenvolvimento do currículo otorrinolaringológico nos cursos de graduação de Medicina, visto que não se encontrou na literatura consenso estabelecendo as competências mínimas otorrinolaringológicas na formação curricular da graduação.
Effects of mistreatment in medical schools: how to evaluate? A brief review
Authors: Barbanti Patricia Costa Mincoff , Oliveira Sergio Ricardo Lopes de , Pelloso Sandra Marisa , Carvalho Maria Dalva de Barros
Published: June 2021

Abstract: Introduction: The occurrence of abuse, harassment and mistreatment of medical students is a widespread phenomenon and not a problem limited to certain countries or particular schools. Such behavior during medical training creates hostile learning environments, induces stress, depressive symptoms, may impair performance and patient care. Objective: To analyze the methodology used in recent studies to describe the consequences of mistreatment on medical student’s life and academic performance. Method: A brief review of the literature indexed in 6 international databases was carried out (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, PsycINFO and Cochrane Library). The descriptors were categorized into two groups, one containing different types of violence and the other contemplating the studied population. Results: A total of 20 articles were selected for this study and all of them based their research methodology on the use of questionnaires, scales and/or interviews. The strengths and weaknesses of these methodologies were discussed, and the use of simulation was suggested as a new methodological alternative. Conclusion: This review reinforces that mistreatment of medical students has remained frequent over time and it is closely related to the students’ mental health and performance impairment. The authors recommend a new methodological approach to collect data related to the effects arising from a hostile learning environment.
Planejamento de sucessão de lideranças em enfermagem: caminhos para sua elaboração
Authors: Nogueira Alyne Leite Gomes , Munari Denize Bouttelet , Sousa Elyana Teixeira , Ribeiro Luana Cássia Miranda
Published: June 2021

RESUMO Objetivo Descrever a construção de um planejamento de sucessão de lideranças de enfermagem para uma instituição hospitalar, com base na reflexão apreciativa de enfermeiros. Método Estudo descritivo, exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa realizada com enfermeiros de um hospital público federal de ensino. A coleta de dados foi realizada em duas etapas, sendo a primeira, entrevista individual e a segunda, por mediação grupal conduzida com base no ciclo 4D e nos pressupostos da Investigação Apreciativa. Foi realizada análise descritiva dos achados. Resultados Os dados apontaram para uma equipe de diferentes gerações e altamente qualificada, preocupada com um planejamento de sucessão baseado em evidências científicas, que tenha envolvimento das equipes, e realizado, de maneira cuidadosa, para os enfermeiros em diferentes etapas da carreira profissional. Conclusão Os princípios da Investigação Apreciativa permitiram a construção de um planejamento de sucessão para potencializar ações de desenvolvimento de liderança no hospital. Nesse processo, o ambiente colaborativo entre gerações foi valorizado e um planejamento com foco na gestão participativa foi construído. Esse aspecto pode alterar, profundamente, a política interna da instituição em diversas áreas e apontar caminhos para a implementação do planejamento de sucessão em diferentes contextos.
Planejamento e implementação do curso Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner para o atendimento às vítimas de violência sexual: relato de experiência
Authors: Silva Juliana de Oliveira Musse , Allen Eileen Marie , Polonko Isle , Silva Karen Beatriz , Silva Rita de Cassia , Esteves Rafael Braga
Published: June 2021

RESUMO Objetivo Descrever a experiência dos autores enfermeiros no planejamento e implementação de um curso de treinamento baseado no Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner. Método Trata-se de um relato de experiência com características qualitativas de natureza descritiva e recorte transversal. No ano de 2019, foram treinados enfermeiros para o atendimento de vítimas de violência sexual por meio de um curso, nos Estados Unidos, conhecido como Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner. O curso teve carga horária de 40 horas e foi oferecido para enfermeiros. As estratégias didáticas utilizadas foram: exposição dialogada, dinâmicas em grupos e simulação realística para o exame clínico-ginecológico com voluntárias. Resultados Durante cinco dias, 20 enfermeiros foram capacitados. Os conteúdos abordados abrangeram a legislação brasileira, protocolos de atendimentos às vítimas, a anamnese, exame físico, coleta e preservação de vestígios forenses. As aulas práticas aconteceram nos dois últimos dias de treinamento. Ao final do curso, aplicou-se uma avaliação escrita. Conclusão O curso oportunizou a consolidação de conhecimentos importantes para o atendimento pelo enfermeiro às vítimas de violência sexual, coleta e preservação de vestígios e participação na cadeia de custódia.
Religiosidade, espiritualidade e autoestima em adolescentes com fissura de lábio e palato: estudo correlacional
Authors: Cunha Gabriela Fávaro Marques da , Manso Maila Meryellen Ferreira Garcia , Villela Maria Júlia Costa de Souza , Bom Gesiane Cristina , Mondini Cleide Carolina da Silva Demoro , Trettene Armando dos Santos
Published: June 2021

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a correlação entre religiosidade, espiritualidade e autoestima em adolescentes com fissura de lábio e palato, uni e bilateral. Método Estudo correlacional e transversal, desenvolvido em um hospital público e terciário brasileiro, entre julho de 2018 e fevereiro de 2019. A amostra constou de 100 adolescentes divididos em dois grupos, G1 (fissura unilateral, 50 participantes) e G2 (fissura bilateral, 50 participantes). Para a coleta de dados, foram utilizados três instrumentos: Questionário Sociodemográfico, a Escala de Religiosidade de Durel e a Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg. Utilizaram-se para a análise estatística os Testes Qui-Quadrado, Mann-Whitney, Correlação de Pearson e a análise das forças de correlação linear, com nível de significância de 5% (p ≥ 0,05). Resultados Apenas a religiosidade organizacional foi maior no G1 em comparação com o G2 (p = 0,03). A autoestima geral foi satisfatória em ambos os grupos; contudo, não houve diferença significante entre eles (p = 0,34). Não foram evidenciadas correlações de religiosidade e espiritualidade com a autoestima nos G1 e G2. Conclusão Adolescentes com fissura de lábio e palato, uni ou bilateral, apresentaram elevados níveis de religiosidade, espiritualidade e autoestima. Porém, não se evidenciou correlação entre essas variáveis.
On the ubiquitous notion of mean in probability and statistics
Authors: MAITOURNAM Aboubakar
Published: June 2021

In probability and statistics, the basic notion of probability of an event can be expressed as a mathematical expectation. The latter is a theoretical mean and is an essential parameter of most probability distributions, in particular of the Gaussian distribution. Last but not least, the notion of mean is at the core of two main theorems of probabilities and statistics, that is : the law of large numbers and the central limit theorem. Whether it is a theoretical or empirical version, the concept of mean is omnipresent in probability and statistics, is consubstantial to these two disciplines and is a bridge between randomness and determinism.
TÜRKİYE’DEKİ YEREL SEÇİMLERDE POLİTİK BÜTÇE DALGALANMALARI ORTAYA ÇIKAR MI?
Authors: ŞEN Sedef
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışmada fırsatçı ve partizan politik konjonktürel dalgalanmaların Türkiye’de gerçekleştirilen yerel seçimler için geçerliliği araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla 2007-2019 yılları arasında gerçekleştirilen üç yerel seçim göz önüne alınmış ve panel ekonometri araçlarına başvurulmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre kamu harcaması, kamu geliri ve bunların çeşitli alt kalemleri üzerinde hem fırsatçı hem de partizan politik konjonktürel dalgalanmaların var olduğu gösterilmiştir. Sol ideolojik görüşe sahip belediyelerin sağ ideolojik görüşe sahip belediyelere göre çeşitli kamu harcama ve kamu gelir alt kalemlerinde daha belirgin partizan davranışlarda bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ancak partizan etki tahmin edilen modellere göre değişiklik göstermektedir.
AĞ KÜMELEME YAKLAŞIMI İLE BEYŞEHİR SİLAH SANAYİ SEKTÖRÜ ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME
Authors: DİKKAYA Fatma , GÜLPINAR DEMİRCİ Vildan
Published: June 2021

Makalenin amacı; Beyşehir silah sanayi sektöründeki firmalar arası iş birliği düzeyine dayalı olarak, sektör içindeki kümelenme yapılarını ortaya çıkarmaktır. Bu noktadan hareketle sektör içindeki kümelerin özellikleri belirlenmiş ve firmaların büyüklükleri, işgücü sayısı, ihracat durumu, ortaklık ve iş birliği düzeyine göre kümeler arasında bir farklılığın olup olmadığı incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri, 13 sorudan oluşan bir anket formu aracılığıyla yüz yüze görüşmeler neticesinde elde edilmiştir. Araştırma, 1962 yılında Huğlu bölgesinde av tüfeği üretimine başlanan ve günümüzde ise ticaret odasına kayıtlı 190 firmanın olduğu Beyşehir bölgesindeki 100 firmayı kapsamaktadır. Bölgenin kümelenme potansiyeli, ağ analizi ve görselleştirme yazılımı olan NodeXL ile ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Hipotezler ise ki-kare bağımsızlık testi ile SPSS paket programı aracılığıyla sınanmıştır. Analiz sonucunda; Beyşehir silah sanayi sektöründeki kümelenme yapısının daha çok bölgesel olduğu, kümelenmenin Huğlu, Üzümlü ve Beyşehir merkez olmak üzere üç ayrı bölgede yoğunlaştığı tespit edilmiştir. Huğlu bölgesinden firmaların yoğunlukta olduğu kümede; kümelenme düzeyi yüksek ve parça imalatına dayalı üretim yoğundur. Bu bölgede bulunan Huğlu Av Tüfekleri Kooperatifi başta olmak üzere, diğer büyük işletmelerin yedek parça üreticileri ile yoğun iş birliği yapmaları, bölgede yoğun şekilde küçük ölçekli ev altı atölyesinin mevcut olmasını açıklamaktadır. Üzümlü ve Beyşehir’in yoğunlukta olduğu kümede ise daha büyük alanlarda, daha çok av tüfeği üretimi yapan firmalar yoğunluktadır.
KÜRESELLEŞME, SANAYİLEŞME VE ŞEHİRLEŞMENİN TÜRKİYE’NİN EKOLOJİK AYAK İZİNE ETKİSİNİN GENİŞLETİLMİŞ ARDL YÖNTEMİYLE İNCELENMESİ
Authors: KARASOY Alper
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışmada gelir, enerji tüketimi ve finansal kalkınma gibi kontrol değişkenlerinin yanında küreselleşme, küreselleşmenin alt-göstergeleri (iktisadi, ticari ve finansal küreselleşme), sanayileşme ve şehirleşmenin Türkiye’deki Ekolojik Ayak İzi’ni (EAİ) nasıl etkilediği, genişletilmiş otoregresif dağıtılmış gecikme (genişletilmiş ARDL) sınır testi yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. 1980-2016 dönemini temel alan bu çalışmanın sonucunda elde edilen bulgular şunlardır: (i) Türkiye’de EAİ için çevresel Kuznets eğrisi hipotezi (ÇKEH) geçerli değildir, (ii) enerji tüketimi, EAİ’yi kısa dönemde arttırmaktadır, (iii) sanayileşme ve şehirleşme, çevresel bozulmayı arttırmaktadır, (iv) küreselleşmenin yanında iktisadi, ticari ve finansal küreselleşme de uzun dönemde EAİ’yi azaltmaktadır, (v) kısa dönemde finansal kalkınma, EAİ’yi arttırmaktadır. Bu bulgular çerçevesinde alternatif politika önerileri sunulmuştur.
The First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study (2008–2018)—rationale, design, methods and lessons learned
Authors: Chan Hing Man , Fediuk Karen , Batal Malek , Sadik Tonio , Tikhonov Constantine , Ing Amy , Barwin Lynn
Published: June 2021

Objective

To describe the rationale, the participatory nature of the methodology, and the lessons learned during the First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study (FNFNES), a community-based participatory research project implemented in eight Assembly of First Nations regions, which includes the entirety of Canada south of the 60thparallel.

Methods

FNFNES respected the First Nations principles of Ownership, Control, Access and Possession (OCAP®) (https://fnigc.ca/ocap). A random sampling strategy based on an ecosystem framework comprising 11 ecozones was adopted to collect representative nutritional and environmental health results for all First Nations adults living on-reserve south of the 60thparallel. Data collection occurred during the fall months from 2008 to 2016. Respective First Nations were involved in the planning and implementation of data collection for the five principal components: household interviews, tap water sampling for metals, surface water sampling for pharmaceuticals, hair sampling for mercury, and traditional food sampling for contaminants.

Results

A total of 6487 adults from 92 First Nations participated in the Study (participation rate 78%). A higher percentage of females (66%) participated than males (34%). The average age of males and females was similar (44 and 45 years, respectively). This study offers a novel body of coherent and regionally representative evidence on the human dimension of the ongoing environmental degradation affecting First Nations.

Conclusion

FNFNES serves as a good example of participatory research. We encourage public health professionals to develop policy and programs building on the participatory dimension of the research as well as on its results. The information collected by the FNFNES is also important for community empowerment, environmental stewardship and the general promotion of good health by and for First Nations peoples in Canada.
Importance of fish for food and nutrition security among First Nations in Canada
Authors: Marushka Lesya , Batal Malek , Tikhonov Constantine , Sadik Tonio , Schwartz Harold , Ing Amy , Fediuk Karen , Chan Hing Man
Published: June 2021

Objective

To investigate the relationships between fish/seafood consumption patterns and food security status among First Nations (FN) communities in Canada. We estimated the contribution of fish/seafood to daily nutrient requirements. Barriers to traditional food (TF) access including fish were summarized.

Methods

Data were collected by the First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study (2008–2018). The sample of this participatory study comprised 6258 randomly selected FN adults. Fish/seafood consumption was estimated with a food frequency questionnaire. Food security status was assessed with the Household Food Security Survey Module. The contribution of fish/seafood to protein, n-3 fatty acid, vitamin (A, B12, D, niacin) and mineral (selenium, zinc) requirements was assessed by comparison to Dietary Reference Intakes.

Results

Regional differences were observed in fish/seafood consumption patterns and their relationship with food security status. In the eastern regions (Ontario, Quebec/Labrador and the Atlantic region), consumption of fish/seafood and other TF was significantly higher among food insecure compared with food secure FN participants. Severely food insecure men (particularly in British Columbia, Alberta, Quebec/Labrador and the Atlantic region) tended to eat a higher amount of TF, including fish/seafood, compared with food secure and moderately food insecure men, while no difference was observed in women. Fish/seafood provided good sources of selected nutrients. However, the high cost of harvesting equipment, industry-related activities and climate change reduce access to fish/seafood and other wildlife.

Conclusion

Fish/seafood continues to be vital to the diet of FN communities. Focusing on policies that support FN increased access to fish/seafood has the potential to decrease food insecurity and support sustainable livelihoods. Future policies should focus on socio-economic determinants of food insecurity and support traditional harvesting and sustainable fisheries among FN communities.
New Technologies in the Production of Thermal Chemical Current Sources
Authors: Emtsev V. V. , Grishin S. V. , Maksimov D. I. , Mamontova Yu. E. , Stekolnikov Yu. A.
Published: June 2021

It is proposed to use Li4Si alloys with Li content > 50 wt.% as anode materials. A technology for the synthesis of Li4Si in a pre-formed anode with thermal interaction Li with Si-containing composite material has been developed. It is proposed to use FeS2 as a cathode, which has a high theoretical capacity. A technology has been developed for using pyrite with an enrichment with FeS2 of at least 90 wt.%. As an electrolyte, eutectic mixtures “LiCl–KCl–LiF” were used. Gas-free pyrotechnic mixtures based on highly dispersed iron nanopowders with high specific heat release
up to 1300 J/g and burning rates up to 100 mm/s have been developed. The pyrotechnic tape ignitors with a burning rate of 2.5 m/s are proposed, thus providing simultaneous ignition of the elements of the current sources and reducing the time of initiation
and activation of the battery.
Anomalous behaviour of dynamic electrical conductivity in semiconductor ferroelectric ceramics near the phase transition temperature
Authors: Grigoryan Gevorg S. , Solodukha Alexander M.
Published: June 2021

The article presents the results of a study of the electrical properties of semiconductor perovskite ceramics based on a solid solution of barium-strontium titanate with the addition of the rare earth element of cerium with the initial formula Ba1–x–y SrxCeyTiO3 (x = 0.05, y = 0.003). A scanning electron microscope was used to obtain images of the sample surfaces and the elemental composition data. The measurements were performed by impedance spectroscopy in the temperature range of 348-385 K in the frequency range of 102–106 Hz using an LCR metre. It was found that there is an anomalous behaviour in the dynamic electrical conductivity of the samples in the temperature range close to the ferroelectricparaelectricphase transition. This is expressed by a decrease in the value of the real part of the dynamic conductivity withan increase in frequency. An analysis of the simplified equivalent circuit of the intergranular barrier showed that this anomaly can be explained by introducing an inductive element into the circuit. This element can be considered a “negative capacitance element”. Following the results of the study, a conclusion was made about the generalised character of the phenomenon
Features of the discharge of zinc in the background solution of sodium sulphate under stirring conditions
Authors: Kolesnikov Alexander V. , Ageenko Egor I.
Published: June 2021

The production technology of hydrometallurgical zinc uses various surfactants to thicken pulps, stabilise the electrolysis process, and obtain high-quality cathode deposits. Numerous researches were conducted to study the cathodic and anodic processes in a wide range of the composition of aqueous solutions using various solid electrodes in the absence of intense stirring of the electrolyte and with a high contribution of the migration component of the discharge of metals. This approach to the study of the surfactants’ influence rarely provided a high degree of statistical reliability in observing the effect of differently charged surfactants on electrode processes, which is of great importance in the hydrometallurgical production of zinc. In this work, the task was to practically eliminate the contribution of the migration component due to the followingfactors: conducting electrolysis in a background solution of sodium sulphate, organising electrolyte stirring, performing calculations of current densities at the beginning of electrolysis, and establishing polarisation curves at an increased potential sweep rate from 20 to 100 mV/s. This approach provided a greater degree of statistical reliability in presenting the mechanism of the effect of additions of cationic and anionic surfactants during the stage of zinc discharge on a solid electrode, which was the purpose of the article.Electrolysis was conducted in the potential range from -1050 to -1250 mV relative to the silver chloride electrode (AgCl/Ag) in the presence of a background sodium sulphate solution (0.5 M of Na2SO4 solution) containing 0.005, 0.0125, and 0.025 M ZnSO4 with the introduction of high-molecular surfactants: cationic and anionic coagulants (flocculants) and foaming agents (lignosulphonate – LSTP).During the electrolysis in a background solution of sodium sulphate with stirring, it was found that the process of discharge of zinc ions on a solid electrode occurs in a mixed-kinetic mode. It was shown that positively charged additives, such as lignosulphonate and cationic coagulant (flocculant) Besfloc K6645, have a negative effect on the dynamics of zinc cation discharge, while negatively charged Besfloc K4034 has practically no effect. The approach proposed in this work allows evaluating the influence of additions of cationic and anionic surfactants on the stage of zinc discharge on a solid electrode, which was the practical and scientific value of this work
Public Knowledge, Attitudes and Self-Practice towards Diabetes Mellitus in Kangar, Perlis
Authors:   Pharmaceutical Services Divisions, State Health Department of Perlis, 48C, Jalan Raja Syed Alwi, Kampung Guar Syed Alwi, 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia., Pei Soo Pei
Published: June 2021

In Malaysia, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) was the second highest in Perlis. Prevention and management of DM are largely dependent on self-care in our daily lives. Nonetheless, we have little information concerning factors influencing public engagement in DM self-practice, which might have contributed to the high prevalence of DM in Perlis. This study was conducted to evaluate knowledge, attitudes, and factors associated with self-practice towards DM among the public in Kangar, Perlis. A cross-sectional study was conducted in June 2018 for three months. Eligible participants were invited to complete a selfadministered questionnaire in public areas in Kangar. Descriptive analyses on the sociodemographic, medical backgrounds, knowledge, attitudes, and self-practice towards DM were performed. Independent t-test and Spearman’s correlation were performed to assess the association between sociodemographic characteristics, medical history, knowledge, and attitudes with self-practice towards DM. Multiple linear regression was used to adjust for potential confounding variables. A total of 319 respondents consented and participated in this study. Most of the respondents were female (66.5%), Malay (94%), and had tertiary education (51.7%). Overall, most participants had good scores on knowledge (80.3%), attitudes (98.4%), and self-practice (97.2%) towards DM. A statistically significant positive association was found between age, education level, and attitudes score with DM self-practice (p<0.05). This study suggests a well-structured educational program on diabetes self-care should start as early as in school to clarify public misconceptions on DM management.
Healthcare Professionals’ Experiences on Interdisciplinary Collaboration in a Medical Department of a Malaysian General Hospital
Authors:   Clinical Research Centre, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Hospital Tuanku Fauziah, 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia, Wei Chern Ang
Published: June 2021

Healthcare professionals (HCPs) in all healthcare facilities including public hospitals in Malaysia need to cooperate to meet the diverse healthcare demands. To date, there has yet detailed research on this collaboration in Malaysia. This study aimed to explore interdisciplinary collaboration in the Medical Department (wards and clinics) of a state hospital. Four focus group discussions (FGDs) were held. A medical specialist, medical officer, nurse manager/charge nurse, staff nurse, senior and junior clinical pharmacists were all present at each FGD. Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants (nomination by heads of department). FGDs were performed in English, but responses in Malay were accepted and translated into English. All FGDs were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analysed thematically. In the theme of role clarity, most participants opined that the doctors led in patient management, while the nurses were in charge of monitoring, ambulating and drug administration. However, some participants were unfamiliar with the role of pharmacists. The majority believed that effective collaboration did exist, but insufficient. Weak communication skills, lack of communication, personnel and time were obstacles to effective collaboration. Regular discussions between different disciplines can encourage interprofessional collaboration. Despite doctors acknowledging pharmacists' Medication Therapy Adherence Clinic (MTAC) services, and nurses' human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) counselling and diabetic education services, some nurses and pharmacists were unaware of each other's services. To avoid conflicting tasks and human resource wastage, each HCP's services should be actively promoted among other HCPs.
Prolonged Bleeding due to Hirudotherapy (Medicinal Leech Therapy)
Authors:   Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Kristina Hoong Yew Lim
Published: June 2021

Medicinal leech therapy is a form of complementary medicine that has long been practised and is gaining popularity in recent years for various illnesses and surgical applications. However, leech saliva contains proteins with anticoagulant properties that can lead to prolonged bleeding from the bite area. We report a case of a 35-year-old male who presented to the Emergency Department due to prolonged bleeding from a leech-bite wound. He did not have any significant past medical history or medication history. He had undergone medicinal leech therapy for chronic back pain. After the therapy, he noted that the bleeding did not stop after 7 hours (which normally stops within 30 minutes) and decided to seek treatment. There were wounds over his lower back and both feet, which were all clean. The wound over the lower back had persistent oozing. We applied topical adrenaline and manual compression on the wound, and eventually the bleeding reduced and stopped. There are many suggested methods to stop bleeding from leech-bite wounds but there is scarcity of evidence regarding the superiority of any method. This is the first case report regarding bleeding complications in medicinal leech therapy in Malaysia. This report aims to raise awareness regarding the complications arising from a leech bite among the practitioners of medicinal leech therapy, the public and healthcare providers in emergency facilities. We also suggest using topical adrenaline as an alternative to help stop bleeding from leech-bite wounds.
(Eco)eficiência da produção alimentar: uma revisão sistemática da literatura
Authors: Silva João Vitor Borges da , Thomé Karim Marini
Published: June 2021

O presente artigo realizou uma revisão sistemática da literatura em (eco)eficiência da produção agropecuária. Para isso, o protocolo MethodiOrdinatio foi empregado para filtrar 100 artigos retirados das bases de dados Science Direct e Web of Science. 69 artigos foram analisados extensivamente com intuito de elucidar as principais abordagens, variáveis e métodos compreendidos no estudo de (eco)eficiência da agricultura e pecuária. A discussão dos resultados apontou que 14% dos artigos foram publicados pelo Journal of Cleaner Production, demonstrando sua representatividade e importância para o debate em questão. Dentre as principais abordagens, em consonância com o reconhecimento do potencial de degradação ambiental da agropecuária, constatou-se um crescimento considerável de estudos em (eco)eficiência. Ainda, a revisão da literatura indicou que para 75% dos artigos o método de pesquisa adotado foi o Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) ou Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA). Portanto, a recorrente adição de um segundo estágio quando da utilização do DEA demonstrou a relevância de analisar a influência de fatores não controláveis na (eco)eficiência da agropecuária.
A RELEVÂNCIA DA ATUAÇÃO ESTATAL NO COMBATE ÀS PRÁTICAS EMPRESARIAIS DE GREENWASHING E BLUEWASHING NAS RELAÇÕES DE CONSUMO
Authors: Verbicaro Dennis , Silva Luíza Tuma da Ponte , Simões Sandro Alex
Published: June 2021

O artigo tem por objetivo demonstrar que o consumismo na sociedade contemporânea, embora tenha sofrido influência da ética e dos valores morais consolidados na responsabilidade social empresarial, permanece com práticas extremamente nocivas ao consumidor. Nesse contexto, são apresentadas as técnicas publicitárias greenwashing e bluewashing, as quais utilizam anúncios para demonstrar que a empresa, além de vender produtos e serviços, supostamente também detém comprometimento social com causas ambientais e sociais. Na prática, percebe-se que diversas operações empresariais não condizem com esta realidade, pelo contrário, encobrem práticas abusivas. Logo, a veiculação de publicidade enganosa deve ser coibida pelo Estado. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa é exploratória e de abordagem qualitativa, tendo o levantamento bibliográfico e documental como procedimentos adotados. Uma das principais conclusões apresentadas é que, apesar de existirem normas protetivas dos direitos humanos, estas se mostram insuficientes para sancionar as empresas violadoras de direitos humanos por meio do falso marketing social.
A INVISIBILIDADE DA PESSOA IDOSA E A RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL PELO ABANDONO AFETIVO INVERSO
Authors: Souza Angela Aparecida Roncete , Francischetto Gilsilene Passon Picoretti
Published: June 2021

O presente estudo versa sobre a análise da responsabilidade civil pelo abandono afetivo inverso, de modo a averiguar quais as possíveis consequências jurídicas decorrentes do abandono físico ou moral dos filhos para com os seus pais idosos. Com vistas à realização deste estudo foi adotado como método de pesquisa o indutivo, com a utilização das técnicas de revisão bibliográfica e documental acompanhadas por pesquisa de campo, buscando, sobretudo, realizar um trabalho junto aos idosos institucionalizados no Asilo de Vitória (ES). Pretende-se, por intermédio deste trabalho, demonstrar a possibilidade da aplicação do instituto da responsabilidade civil na forma de imposição de indenização por danos morais frente à violação do dever de cuidado existente entre filhos e pais. Como principais conclusões, destaca-se o uso do supracitado instituto de maneira a tutelar o dever jurídico de cuidado e a sua utilização como ação preventiva de cunho inibitório às práticas de abandono afetivo inverso cada vez mais frequentes, ambos com vistas a contribuir para a desinvisibilização do indivíduo idoso.
Processo de trabalho de enfermeiros da Estratégia Saúde da Família
Authors: Santos Gabriela dos , Lanza Fernanda Moura , Engela Maria Helena Trindade , Silva Juliana Ferreira da , Júlio Vanessa Aparecida , Souza Ronimara Gonçalves de , Gontijo Lucas Alves
Published: June 2021

Compreender o processo de trabalho dos enfermeiros que atuam em equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Estudo de caso de abordagem qualitativa, fundamentada no interacionismo simbólico, realizado com nove enfermeiros. A coleta de dados ocorreu de março a junho de 2016 por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. Utilizou-se análise de conteúdo temática. O objeto de trabalho é identificado a partir da demanda espontânea, e algumas ações possuem agenda programada, além das questões gerenciais. Os enfermeiros reconheceram como instrumentos de trabalho as tecnologias relacionais e as duras. Sobre a finalidade do trabalho, destacaram que as ações ainda estão voltadas para o modelo curativo, porém apontaram uma aproximação com a promoção da saúde e prevenção de agravos. Fatores facilitadores foram o trabalho em equipe e a presença do residente de Enfermagem, e os dificultadores, a equipe incompleta. O cuidado reproduz o modelo biomédico e os profissionais indicaram a necessidade de mudança.
Bayesian Parameter Estimation for Space and Time Interacting Earthquake Rupture Model Using Historical and Physics-Based Simulated Earthquake Catalogs
Authors: Ceferino Luis , Galvez Percy , Ampuero Jean-Paul , Kiremidjian Anne , Deierlein Gregory , Villegas-Lanza Juan C.
Published: June 2021

This article introduces a framework to supplement short historical catalogs with synthetic catalogs and determine large earthquakes’ recurrence. For this assessment, we developed a parameter estimation technique for a probabilistic earthquake occurrence model that captures time and space interactions between large mainshocks. The technique is based on a two-step Bayesian update that uses a synthetic catalog from physics-based simulations for initial parameter estimation and then the historical catalog for further calibration, fully characterizing parameter uncertainty. The article also provides a formulation to combine multiple synthetic catalogs according to their likelihood of representing empirical earthquake stress drops and Global Positioning System-inferred interseismic coupling. We applied this technique to analyze large-magnitude earthquakes’ recurrence along 650 km of the subduction fault’s interface located offshore Lima, Peru. We built nine 2000 yr long synthetic catalogs using quasi-dynamic earthquake cycle simulations based on the rate-and-state friction law to supplement the 450 yr long historical catalog. When the synthetic catalogs are combined with the historical catalog without propagating their uncertainty, we found average relative reductions larger than 90% in the recurrence parameters’ uncertainty. When we propagated the physics-based simulations’ uncertainty to the posterior, the reductions in uncertainty decreased to 60%–70%. In two Bayesian assessments, we then show that using synthetic catalogs results in higher parameter uncertainty reductions than using only the historical catalog (69% vs. 60% and 83% vs. 80%), demonstrating that synthetic catalogs can be effectively combined with historical data, especially in tectonic regions with short historical catalogs. Finally, we show the implications of these results for time-dependent seismic hazard.
Creep on the Sargent Fault over the Past 50 Yr from Alignment Arrays with Implications for Slip Transfer between the Calaveras and San Andreas Faults, California
Authors: Mongovin Daniel D. , Philibosian Belle
Published: June 2021

The 55-km-long Sargent fault connects the creeping Calaveras fault with the locked San Andreas fault through the Santa Cruz Mountains west of Gilroy, California. The position of the Sargent fault between these two faults may have implications for slip transfer and strain accumulation between a creeping and locked fault. The detection and measurement of creep on the Sargent fault would indicate where interseismic strain is accumulating adjacent to these neighboring faults. In 1969, two alignment arrays separated by 3.7 km were installed across the central section of the Sargent fault to investigate potential creep. These arrays were measured in 1970 and 1975, and comparison of these measurements yielded a creep rate of 3.4 ± 0.6 mm/yr across two fault strands in the northern array; results from the southern array were never published. In 2019 and 2020, we resurveyed both arrays using a total station and analyzed the results to determine accumulated fault creep. Our results show that between 1970 and 2020, a period of 49.3 yr, the northern array was dextrally offset 164 ± 25 mm across the same two fault strands that were active in the 1970s, yielding an average creep rate of 3.3 ± 1.3 mm/yr. Thus, it appears that the 5 and 50 yr creep rates at this site are similar. The southern array, which may not span the entire fault zone, was dextrally offset 84 ± 13 mm across two fault strands between 1970 and 2019, yielding an average creep rate of 1.7 ± 0.8 mm/yr over 48.9 yr. These recent surveys document continued creep on the Sargent fault, which may reduce seismic strain accumulation and therefore seismic hazard. However, continued aseismic slip on this fault may result in the redistribution of stress and strain to adjacent faults and should be an area of continued study.
Control of rupture by fault geometry during the 1966 parkfield earthquake
Authors: Lindh Allan G. , Boore David M.
Published: June 2021

abstract

A reanalysis of the available data for the 1966 Parkfield, California, earthquake (ML=512) suggests that although the ground breakage and aftershocks extended about 40 km along the San Andreas Fault, the initial dynamic rupture was only 20 to 25 km in length. The foreshocks and the point of initiation of the main event locate at a small bend in the mapped trace of the fault. Detailed analysis of the P-wave first motions from these events at the Gold Hill station, 20 km southeast, indicates that the bend in the fault extends to depth and apparently represents a physical discontinuity on the fault plane. Other evidence suggests that this discontinuity plays an important part in the recurrence of similar magnitude 5 to 6 earthquakes at Parkfield.

Analysis of the strong-motion records suggests that the rupture stopped at another discontinuity in the fault plane, an en-echelon offset near Gold Hill that lies at the boundary on the San Andreas Fault between the zone of aseismic slip and the locked zone on which the great 1857 earthquake occurred. Foreshocks to the 1857 earthquake occurred in this area (Sieh, 1978), and the epicenter of the main shock may have coincided with the offset zone. If it did, a detailed study of the geological and geophysical character of the region might be rewarding in terms of understanding how and why great earthquakes initiate where they do.