bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of spatial constraints on Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
Authors: Chen Yi-Shin , Su Yi-Cheng , Pan Wei
Published: January 2016

Panmixia is a key issue in maintaining genetic diversity, which facilitates evolutionary potential during environmental changes. Additionally, conservation biologists suggest the importance of avoiding small or subdivided populations, which are prone to losing genetic diversity. In this paper, computer simulations were performed to the genetic drift of neutral alleles in random mating populations with or without spatial constraints by randomly choosing a mate among the closest neighbours. The results demonstrated that the number of generations required for the neutral allele to become homozygous (Th) varied proportionally to the population size and also strongly correlated with spatial constraints. The average Thfor populations of the same size with spatial constraints was approximately one-and-a-half times longer than without constraints. With spatial constraints, homozygous population clusters formed, which reduced local diversity but preserved global diversity. Therefore, panmixia might be harmful in preserving the genetic diversity of an entire population. The results also suggested that the gene flow or gene exchange among the subdivided populations must be carefully processed to restrict diseases transmission or death during transportation and to monitor the genetic diversity. The application of this concept to similar systems, such as information transfer among peers, is also discussed.
Purification and Partial Characterization of a Novel Bacteriocin Synthesized by Lactobacillus paracasei HD1-7 Isolated from Chinese Sauerkraut Juice
Authors: Ge Jingping , Sun Yanyang , Xin Xing , Wang Ying , Ping Wenxiang
Published: January 2016

Bacteriocins have antimicrobial activities against food-spoiling bacteria and food-borne pathogens. Paracin 1.7, a bacteriocin synthesized by Lactobacillus paracasei HD1-7 isolated from Chinese sauerkraut juice, was studied. Following partial purification with ammonium sulfate precipitation, CM Sepharose Fast Flow and Sephadex G-10 chromatography, the molecular weight of Paracin 1.7 was about 10 kDa based on Tricine-SDS-PAGE results. A 2.87 fold purified bacteriocin was produced, reaching a final yield of 39.93% and the specific activity of 1.56 × 103 AU/mg. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of Paracin 1.7 was VSNTFFA and the LC/LTQ results revealed that the N-terminal amino acid sequence was similar to that of ABC-type oligopeptide transport system protein and N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase. Paracin 1.7 was sensitive to protease K, had antimicrobial activities at a broad pH range (3.0–8.0) and was heat resistant (121 °C for 20 min). Paracin 1.7 from Lactobacillus paracasei HD1-7 is a novel bacteriocin that has potential applications in food preservation.
A new insert sample approach to paper spray mass spectrometry: a paper substrate with paraffin barriers
Authors: Colletes T. C. , Garcia P. T. , Campanha R. B. , Abdelnur P. V. , Romão W. , Coltro W. K. T. , Vaz B. G.
Published: January 2016

The analytical performance for paper spray (PS) using a new insert sample approach based on paper with paraffin barriers (PS-PB) is presented.
Eicosyl ammoniums elicited thermal reduction alleyway towards gold nanoparticles and their chemo-sensor aptitude
Authors: Rana Dolly , Jamwal Deepika , Katoch Akash , Thakur Pankaj , Kalia Susheel
Published: January 2016

Growth and shape transformation of Au NPs by twin tail surfactant of different chain length.
Nanopillar films with polyoxometalate-doped polyaniline for electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Yang MinHo , Kim Dong Seok , Yoon Jo Hee , Hong Seok Bok , Jeong Soon Woo , Yoo Dong Eun , Lee Tae Jae , Lee Seok Jae , Lee Kyoung G. , Choi Bong Gill
Published: January 2016

An enzymeless electrochemical sensor was developed for detection of hydrogen peroxide based on the use of highly ordered polyoxometalate-doped polyaniline nanopillar arrays.
Sensitive SERS nanotags for use with 1550 nm (retina-safe) laser excitation
Authors: Kearns Hayleigh , Bedics Matthew A. , Shand Neil C. , Faulds Karen , Detty Michael R. , Graham Duncan
Published: January 2016

1550 nm SERS nanotags have been developed to provide effective SERS with picomolar detection limits when excited with a retina-safe laser.
A titanium nitride nanotube array for potentiometric sensing of pH
Authors: Liu Mengyang , Ma Yanling , Su Lei , Chou Kuo-Chih , Hou Xinmei
Published: January 2016

A titanium nitride nanotube array (TiN NTA) was fabricated through reduction and nitridation of TiO2 NTA obtained from anodic oxidation of titanium.
A facile method for simultaneous analysis of phytosterols, erythrodiol, uvaol, tocopherols and lutein in olive oils by LC-MS
Authors: Gu Qiang , Yi Xiaojuan , Zhang Zhaohui , Yan Hua , Shi Jing , Zhang Hui , Wang Yue , Shao Jingdong
Published: January 2016

In this work a facile, sensitive and reliable method was developed and validated for simultaneous analysis of phytosterols, erythrodiol, uvaol, tocopherols and lutein in olive oils.
Overcoming solvent mismatch limitations in 2D-HPLC with temperature programming of isocratic mobile phases
Authors: Holland Brendan J. , Conlan Xavier A. , Francis Paul S. , Barnett Neil W. , Stevenson Paul G.
Published: January 2016

Solvent incompatibility is a limiting factor when implementing 2D-HPLC. A programmed temperature gradient in the first dimension was developed to overcome this limitation by allowing an isocratic separation while maintaining selectivity.
Detecting carbohydrate–lectin interactions using a fluorescent probe based on DBD dyes
Authors: Bader D. , Klier D. T. , Hettrich C. , Bier F. F. , Wessig P.
Published: January 2016

An efficient synthesis of a fluorescent probe is described that can be specifically bound by the mannose binding FimH protein.
Trifluoromethyl nitrogen heterocycles: synthetic aspects and potential biological targets
Authors: Meyer F.
Published: January 2016

The synthetic methodologies and the potential biological targets of α-trifluoromethylated nitrogen heterocycles are presented.
Photocatalytic water oxidation via combination of BiVO4–RGO and molecular cobalt catalysts
Authors: Wang Yong , Li Fei , Li Hua , Bai Lichen , Sun Licheng
Published: January 2016

Co4O4cubic complexes were found to be efficient cocatalysts for light-driven water oxidation in a system containing BiVO4–RGO and AgNO3.
Increasing the quantitative bandwidth of NMR measurements
Authors: Power J. E. , Foroozandeh M. , Adams R. W. , Nilsson M. , Coombes S. R. , Phillips A. R. , Morris G. A.
Published: January 2016

The frequency range of quantitative NMR is increased to hundreds of kHz, yielding accurate integrals even for 19F.
MasterChem: cooking 2D-polymers
Authors: Rodríguez-San-Miguel D. , Amo-Ochoa P. , Zamora F.
Published: January 2016

This review summarized the current state-of-the-art in the field of synthetic 2D-polymers showing different routes to prepare these polymers and their physical properties.
Facile synthesis of Cu–Ag hybrid nanowires with strong surface-enhanced Raman scattering sensitivity
Authors: Jiang Zhi , Tian Yanhong , Ding Su , Wen Jiayue , Wang Chenxi
Published: January 2016

The growth mechanism and regularity of Ag–Cu hybrid nanowires synthesized by a simple solution method have been analyzed.
Theoretical study of electron tunneling through the spiral molecule junctions along spiral paths
Authors: Xu Xiaodong , Li Weiqi , Zhou Xin , Wang Qiang , Feng Jikang , Tian Wei Quan , Jiang Yongyuan
Published: January 2016

A theoretical study of electron transport in spiral-shaped molecules along spiral paths is executed by the first principles calculations.
Augmented Z scheme blueprint for efficient solar water splitting system using quaternary chalcogenide absorber material
Authors: Sarswat Prashant K. , Bhattacharyya Dhiman , Free Michael L. , Misra Mano
Published: January 2016

Band energetics of protected CZTS cell and other photoanodes in electrolyte.
A mixed iron–manganese based pyrophosphate cathode, Na2Fe0.5Mn0.5P2O7, for rechargeable sodium ion batteries
Authors: Shakoor Rana A. , Park Chan Sun , Raja Arsalan A. , Shin Jaeho , Kahraman Ramazan
Published: January 2016

The development of secondary batteries based on abundant and cheap elements is vital.
Theory and simulation of DNA-coated colloids: a guide for rational design
Authors: Angioletti-Uberti Stefano , Mognetti Bortolo M. , Frenkel Daan
Published: January 2016

Designing self-assembling materials consisting of DNA-coated colloids, requires knowledge of their interactions. We show how such interactions can be predicted.
Theoretical study of adsorption of amino acids on graphene and BN sheet in gas and aqueous phase with empirical DFT dispersion correction
Authors: Singla Preeti , Riyaz Mohd , Singhal Sonal , Goel Neetu
Published: January 2016

Suitability of BN nanosheet/graphene towards the adsorption of amino acids established by dispersion corrected DFT calculations.
Ab initio kinetics studies of hydrogen atom abstraction from methyl propanoate
Authors: Tan Ting , Yang Xueliang , Ju Yiguang , Carter Emily A.
Published: January 2016

The kinetics of hydrogen abstraction by five radicals (H, CH3, O(3P), OH, and HO2) from a biodiesel surrogate, methyl propanoate (MP), is theoretically investigated.
Probing the electrochemical capacitance of MXene nanosheets for high-performance pseudocapacitors
Authors: Ji Xiao , Xu Kui , Chen Chi , Zhang Bao , Ruan Yunjun , Liu Jia , Miao Ling , Jiang Jianjun
Published: January 2016

Atomic insight into the interaction between Ti2CO2nanosheet cathode and the electrolyte cations, and the calculated pseudocapacitance of Ti2CO2nanosheets.
Driving forces for the pressure-induced aggregation of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) in water
Authors: Mochizuki Kenji , Sumi Tomonari , Koga Kenichiro
Published: January 2016

Driving forces for the pressure-induced aggregation of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) in water are discussed.
Transition-metal catalysed C–N bond activation
Authors: Wang Quanjun , Su Yijin , Li Lixin , Huang Hanmin
Published: January 2016

Efficient strategies for transition-metal catalyzed C–N bond activation and their applications in new C–X bond formation reactions are summarized.
Selective recognition of fluoride salts by vasarenes: a key role of a self-assembled in situ dimeric entity via an exceptionally short [O–H–O]− H-bond
Authors: Bengiat R. , Gil M. , Klein A. , Bogoslavsky B. , Cohen S. , Dubnikova F. , Yardeni G. , Zilbermann I. , Almog J.
Published: January 2016

A supramolecular dimeric entity with an exceptionally short [O–H–O]− H-bond is the key for binding M+F− ion-pairs by vasarenes.
Three dimensional ink-jet printing of biomaterials using ionic liquids and co-solvents
Authors: Gunasekera Deshani H. A. T. , Kuek SzeLee , Hasanaj Denis , He Yinfeng , Tuck Christopher , Croft Anna K. , Wildman Ricky D.
Published: January 2016

1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([C2C1Im][OAc]) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([C4C1Im][OAc]) have been used as solvents for the dissolution and ink-jet printing of cellulose from 1.0 to 4.8 wt%, mixed with the co-solvents 1-butanol and DMSO. 1-Butanol and DMSO were used as rheological modifiers to ensure consistent printing, with DMSO in the range of 41–47 wt% producing samples within the printable range of a DIMATIX print-head used (printability parameter < 10) at 55 °C, whilst maintaining cellulose solubility. Regeneration of cellulose from printed samples using water was demonstrated, with the resulting structural changes to the cellulose sample assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and white light interferometry (WLI). These results indicate the potential of biorenewable materials to be used in the 3D additive manufacture process to generate single-component and composite materials.
Modeling continuum of epithelial mesenchymal transition plasticity
Authors: Mandal Mousumi , Ghosh Biswajoy , Anura Anji , Mitra Pabitra , Pathak Tanmaya , Chatterjee Jyotirmoy
Published: January 2016

Mathematical modeling of plasticity expressed in EMT undergoing HaCaT cell population endorsed with molecular expressions and phenotype morphometry.
Solubility and crystallographic facet tailoring of (GaN)1−x(ZnO)x pseudobinary solid-solution nanostructures as promising photocatalysts
Authors: Li Jing , Liu Baodan , Yang Wenjin , Cho Yujin , Zhang Xinglai , Dierre Benjamin , Sekiguchi Takashi , Wu Aimin , Jiang Xin
Published: January 2016

(GaN)1−x(ZnO)x solid solution nanorods with tunable crystallographic facets and controllable band-gaps are obtained and the ZnO solubility plays a key role in governing the morphology evolution and band-gap engineering.
Rhodium-catalyzed oxidative coupling of N-acyl anilines with alkynes using an acylamino moiety as the traceless directing group
Authors: Geng Kaijun , Fan Zhoulong , Zhang Ao
Published: January 2016

A rhodium-catalyzed oxidative annulation of N-acyl anilines with alkynes was developed by using the acylamino group as a traceless directing group for the first time.
A concise total synthesis of sespenine, a structurally unusual indole terpenoid from Streptomyces
Authors: Sun Yu , Meng Zhanchao , Chen Pengxi , Zhang Deliang , Baunach Martin , Hertweck Christian , Li Ang
Published: January 2016

A ten-step (the longest linear sequence) total synthesis of sespenine was accomplished.
Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of triazine dendrimers with DABCO groups
Authors: Sreeperumbuduru R. S. , Abid Z. M. , Claunch K. M. , Chen H.-H. , McGillivray S. M. , Simanek E. E.
Published: January 2016

Triazine dendrimers and smaller dendritic scaffolds that present 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) on the periphery were prepared and assessed for antimicrobial activity and human cell toxicity.
The role of oxygen adsorption and gas sensing mechanism for cerium vanadate (CeVO4) nanorods
Authors: Hou Jimin , Huang Huihan , Han Zhizhong , Pan Haibo
Published: January 2016

Square-section CeVO4 nanorods with highly active and exposed (010) facets have been shown to be highly promising as an acetone gas sensor.
Texture orientation of silver thin films grown via gas-timing radio frequency magnetron sputtering and their SERS activity
Authors: Ukahapunyakul Pongbordin , Gridsadanurak Nurak , Sapcharoenkun Chaweewan , Treetong Alongkot , Kasamechonchung Panita , Khemthong Pongtanawat , Horprathum Mati , Porntheeraphat Supanit , Wongwiriyapan Winadda , Nukeaw Jiti , Klamchuen Annop
Published: January 2016

Here we have demonstrated the special technique so called gas-timing (GT) rf magnetron sputtering which allow us to control a texture orientation of Ag thin films without applying any additional energy sources.
Synthesis, crystal structure and physical properties of FeV4S8and KFe2V8S16
Authors: Sui Lifang , Zhang Xian , Tian Zhangliu , Huang Rongtie , Zhang Hui , Cheng Jinjong , Huang Fuqiang
Published: January 2016

Two compounds with the formulae FeV4S8and KFe2V8S16were successfully synthesizedviaa melting salt method.
Enantioselective syntheses of β-amino alcohols catalyzed by recyclable chiral Fe(iii) metal complex
Authors: Tak Rajkumar , Kumar Manish , Kureshy Rukhsana I. , Choudhary Manoj Kumar , Khan Noor-ul H. , Abdi Sayed H. R. , Bajaj Hari C.
Published: January 2016

An efficient asymmetric desymmetrization of meso-epoxides with anilines catalyzed by a series of simple and environmentally benign in situ generated Fe(iii) complexes based on chiral tridentate ligands L1–L7 was carried out at rt.
An electrochemical sensor based on DNA polymerase and HRP-SiO2 nanoparticles for the ultrasensitive detection of K-ras gene point mutation
Authors: Zhao Chengfei , Gao Feng , Weng Shaohuang , Liu Qicai , Lin Liqing , Lin Xinhua
Published: January 2016

We developed a DNA sensor for the precise detection of point mutation of K-ras gene. The sensor was based on DNA replication, which employed the DNA polymerase I and the principle of base pairing, and can detect target DNA in mixture sample.
Advances in nanomaterial based approaches for enhanced fluoride and nitrate removal from contaminated water
Authors: Suriyaraj S. P. , Selvakumar R.
Published: January 2016

Various nanomaterials for fluoride and nitrate removal from contaminated water.
V and Ni recovery from a vanadium-rich power plant residual ash using acid producing fungi: Aspergillus niger and Penicillium simplicissimum
Authors: Rasoulnia P. , Mousavi S. M.
Published: January 2016

Bioleaching of V and Ni from a vanadium-rich power plant residual (PPR) ash using Aspergillus niger and Penicillium simplicissimum was investigated.
An agile, simplified and sonication mediated one-pot aqueous extraction and antibacterial assessment of predominant Korean mushrooms
Authors: Shang Xiaomin , Muthu Manikandan , Keum Young Soo , Chun Sechul , Gopal Judy
Published: January 2016

Rapid sonication based aqueous extraction of antimicrobials from mushrooms.
Ruthenium(ii) complex-photosensitized multifunctionalized porous silicon nanoparticles for two-photon near-infrared light responsive imaging and photodynamic cancer therapy
Authors: Knežević Nikola Ž. , Stojanovic Vanja , Chaix Arnaud , Bouffard Elise , Cheikh Khaled El , Morère Alain , Maynadier Marie , Lemercier Gilles , Garcia Marcel , Gary-Bobo Magali , Durand Jean-Olivier , Cunin Frédérique
Published: January 2016

Multifunctionalized porous Si NPs and their application in NIR photodynamic therapy and imaging of cancer are reported.
Intracellular NAD+ levels are associated with LPS-induced TNF-α release in pro-inflammatory macrophages
Authors: Al-Shabany Abbas Jawad , Moody Alan John , Foey Andrew David , Billington Richard Andrew
Published: January 2016

Metabolism and immune responses have been shown to be closely linked and as our understanding increases, so do the intricacies of the level of linkage. NAD+ has previously been shown to regulate tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) synthesis and TNF-α has been shown to regulate NAD+ homoeostasis providing a link between a pro-inflammatory response and redox status. In the present study, we have used THP-1 differentiation into pro- (M1-like) and anti- (M2-like) inflammatory macrophage subset models to investigate this link further. Pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages showed different resting NAD+ levels and expression levels of NAD+ homoeostasis enzymes. Challenge with bacterial lipopolysaccharide, a pro-inflammatory stimulus for macrophages, caused a large, biphasic and transient increase in NAD+ levels in pro- but not anti-inflammatory macrophages that were correlated with TNF-α release and inhibition of certain NAD+ synthesis pathways blocked TNF-α release. Lipopolysaccharide stimulation also caused changes in mRNA levels of some NAD+ homoeostasis enzymes in M1-like cells. Surprisingly, despite M2-like cells not releasing TNF-α or changing NAD+ levels in response to lipopolysaccharide, they showed similar mRNA changes compared with M1-like cells. These data further strengthen the link between pro-inflammatory responses in macrophages and NAD+. The agonist-induced rise in NAD+ shows striking parallels to well-known second messengers and raises the possibility that NAD+ is acting in a similar manner in this model.
Magnetic and microwave properties of amorphous FeCoNbBCu thin films
Authors: Bi Mei , Wang Xin , Lu Haipeng , Deng Longjiang , Sunday Katie Jo , Taheri Mitra L. , Harris Vincent G.
Published: January 2016

The soft magnetic and microwave properties of amorphous FeCoNbBCu thin films with thicknesses varying from 70 nm to 450 nm have been systematically investigated. Due to the amorphous structure, the coercivity is 1.5 Oe in thicker films. The thickness-dependent microwave characteristics of the films were measured over the range 0.5–6 GHz and analyzed using the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation. Without applying magnetic field during deposition and measurement, an in-plane uniaxial anisotropy in amorphous thin films was obtained, ranging from 21 to 45 Oe. The interface interaction between substrate and film is confirmed to be the origin of the induced anisotropy, whereas the volume anisotropy contribution is more pronounced with increasing film thickness. For films possessing an in-plane uniaxial anisotropy, the shift of resonance frequency with thickness is observed and verified by the Kittel equation. The demonstration of a controllable and tunable anisotropy suggests that the FeCoNbBCu thin films have potential application as magnetic materials for Spintronics-based microwave devices.
The role of scattering and absorption on the optical properties of birefringent polycrystalline ceramics: Modeling and experiments on ruby (Cr:Al2O3)
Authors: Penilla E. H. , Hardin C. L. , Kodera Y. , Basun S. A. , Evans D. R. , Garay J. E.
Published: January 2016

Light scattering due to birefringence has prevented the use of polycrystalline ceramics with anisotropic optical properties in applications such as laser gain media. However, continued development of processing technology has allowed for very low porosity and fine grains, significantly improving transparency and is paving the way for polycrystalline ceramics to be used in demanding optical applications. We present a method for producing highly transparent Cr3+ doped Al2O3 (ruby) using current activated pressure assisted densification. The one-step doping/densification process produces fine grained ceramics with well integrated (doped) Cr, resulting in good absorption and emission. In order to explain the light transmission properties, we extend the analytical model based on the Rayleigh-Gans-Debye approximation that has been previously used for undoped alumina to include absorption. The model presented captures reflection, scattering, and absorption phenomena in the ceramics. Comparison with measured transmission confirms that the model adequately describes the properties of polycrystalline ruby. In addition the measured emission spectra and emission lifetime are found to be similar to single crystals, confirming the high optical quality of the ceramics.
Superstrong coupling of thin film magnetostatic waves with microwave cavity
Authors: Zhang Xufeng , Zou Changling , Jiang Liang , Tang Hong X.
Published: January 2016

We experimentally demonstrated the strong coupling between a microwave cavity and standing magnetostatic magnon modes in a yttrium iron garnet film. Such strong coupling can be observed for various spin wave modes under different magnetic field bias configurations, with a coupling strength inversely proportional to the transverse mode number. A comb-like spectrum can be obtained from these high order modes. The collectively enhanced magnon-microwave photon coupling strength is comparable with the magnon free spectral range and therefore leads to the superstrong coupling regime. Our findings pave the road towards designing a new type of strongly hybridized magnon-photon system.
Image computing techniques to extrapolate data for dust tracking in case of an experimental accident simulation in a nuclear fusion plant
Authors: Camplani M. , Malizia A. , Gelfusa M. , Barbato F. , Antonelli L. , Poggi L. A. , Ciparisse J. F. , Salgado L. , Richetta M. , Gaudio P.
Published: January 2016

In this paper, a preliminary shadowgraph-based analysis of dust particles re-suspension due to loss of vacuum accident (LOVA) in ITER-like nuclear fusion reactors has been presented. Dust particles are produced through different mechanisms in nuclear fusion devices, one of the main issues is that dust particles are capable of being re-suspended in case of events such as LOVA. Shadowgraph is based on an expanded collimated beam of light emitted by a laser or a lamp that emits light transversely compared to the flow field direction. In the STARDUST facility, the dust moves in the flow, and it causes variations of refractive index that can be detected by using a CCD camera. The STARDUST fast camera setup allows to detect and to track dust particles moving in the vessel and then to obtain information about the velocity field of dust mobilized. In particular, the acquired images are processed such that per each frame the moving dust particles are detected by applying a background subtraction technique based on the mixture of Gaussian algorithm. The obtained foreground masks are eventually filtered with morphological operations. Finally, a multi-object tracking algorithm is used to track the detected particles along the experiment. For each particle, a Kalman filter-based tracker is applied; the particles dynamic is described by taking into account position, velocity, and acceleration as state variable. The results demonstrate that it is possible to obtain dust particles’ velocity field during LOVA by automatically processing the data obtained with the shadowgraph approach.
Exploring magnetized liner inertial fusion with a semi-analytic model
Authors: McBride R. D. , Slutz S. A. , Vesey R. A. , Gomez M. R. , Sefkow A. B. , Hansen S. B. , Knapp P. F. , Schmit P. F. , Geissel M. , Harvey-Thompson A. J. , Jennings C. A. , Harding E. C. , Awe T. J. , Rovang D. C. , Hahn K. D. , Martin M. R. , Cochrane K. R. , Peterson K. J. , Rochau G. A. , Porter J. L. , Stygar W. A. , Campbell E. M. , Nakhleh C. W. , Herrmann M. C. , Cuneo M. E. , Sinars D. B.
Published: January 2016

In this paper, we explore magnetized liner inertial fusion (MagLIF) [S. A. Slutz et al., Phys. Plasmas 17, 056303 (2010)] using a semi-analytic model [R. D. McBride and S. A. Slutz, Phys. Plasmas 22, 052708 (2015)]. Specifically, we present simulation results from this model that: (a) illustrate the parameter space, energetics, and overall system efficiencies of MagLIF; (b) demonstrate the dependence of radiative loss rates on the radial fraction of the fuel that is preheated; (c) explore some of the recent experimental results of the MagLIF program at Sandia National Laboratories [M. R. Gomez et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 155003 (2014)]; (d) highlight the experimental challenges presently facing the MagLIF program; and (e) demonstrate how increases to the preheat energy, fuel density, axial magnetic field, and drive current could affect future MagLIF performance.
Global analysis of the high temperature infrared emission spectrum of 12CH4 in the dyad (ν2/ν4) region
Authors: Amyay Badr , Louviot Maud , Pirali Olivier , Georges Robert , Vander Auwera Jean , Boudon Vincent
Published: January 2016

We report new assignments of vibration-rotation line positions of methane (12CH4) in the so-called dyad (ν2/ν4) region (1100–1500 cm−1), and the resulting update of the vibration-rotation effective model of methane, previously reported by Nikitin et al. [Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 15, 10071 (2013)], up to and including the tetradecad. High resolution (0.01 cm−1) emission spectra of methane have been recorded up to about 1400 K using the high-enthalpy source developed at Institut de Physique de Rennes associated with the Fourier transform spectrometer of the SOLEIL synchrotron facility (AILES beamline). Analysis of these spectra allowed extending rotational assignments in the well-known cold band (dyad-ground state (GS)) and related hot bands in the pentad–dyad system (3000 cm−1) up to Jmax = 30 and 29, respectively. In addition, 8512 new transitions belonging to the octad–pentad (up to J = 28) and tetradecad-octad (up to J = 21) hot band systems were successfully identified. As a result, the MeCaSDa database of methane was significantly improved. The line positions assigned in this work, together with the information available in the literature, were fitted using 1096 effective parameters with a dimensionless standard deviation σ = 2.09. The root mean square deviations dRMS are 3.60 × 10−3 cm−1 for dyad-GS cold band, 4.47 ×10−3 cm−1 for the pentad–dyad, 5.43 × 10−3 cm−1 for the octad–pentad, and 4.70 × 10−3 cm−1 for the tetradecad–octad hot bands. The resulting new line list will contribute to improve opacity and radiative transfer models for hot atmospheres, such as those of hot-Jupiter type exoplanets.
Observations and analysis with the spline-based Rydberg–Klein–Rees approach for the 31Σg+ state of Rb2
Authors: Yang Jinxin , Guan Yafei , Zhao Wei , Zhou Zhaoyu , Han Xiaomin , Ma Jie , Sovkov Vladimir B. , Ivanov Valery S. , Ahmed Ergin H. , Lyyra A. Marjatta , Dai Xingcan
Published: January 2016

Ro-vibrational term values of the 31Σg+ state of 85,85Rb2 and 85,87Rb2 and resolved fluorescence spectra to the A1Σu+ state are recorded following optical–optical double resonance excitation. The experimental data are heavily perturbed, and as a result, the standard analysis based on Dunham series representation of the energy levels fails. The analysis is done via modeling the adiabatic potential function with the Rydberg–Klein–Rees potential constructed from the generalized smoothing spline interpolation of the vibrational energies Gv and rotational constants Bv.
Measurement of valence-band offset at native oxide/BaSi2 interfaces by hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Takabe Ryota , Du Weijie , Ito Keita , Takeuchi Hiroki , Toko Kaoru , Ueda Shigenori , Kimura Akio , Suemasu Takashi
Published: January 2016

Undoped n-type BaSi2 films were grown on Si(111) by molecular beam epitaxy, and the valence band (VB) offset at the interface between the BaSi2 and its native oxide was measured by hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) at room temperature. HAXPES enabled us to investigate the electronic states of the buried BaSi2 layer non-destructively thanks to its large analysis depth. We performed the depth-analysis by varying the take-off angle (TOA) of photoelectrons as 15°, 30°, and 90° with respect to the sample surface and succeeded to obtain the VB spectra of the BaSi2 and the native oxide separately. The VB maximum was located at −1.0 eV from the Fermi energy for the BaSi2 and −4.9 eV for the native oxide. We found that the band bending did not occur near the native oxide/BaSi2 interface. This result was clarified by the fact that the core-level emission peaks did not shift regardless of TOA (i.e., analysis depth). Thus, the barrier height of the native oxide for the minority-carriers in the undoped n-BaSi2 (holes) was determined to be 3.9 eV. No band bending in the BaSi2 close to the interface also suggests that the large minority-carrier lifetime in undoped n-BaSi2 films capped with native oxide is attributed not to the band bending in the BaSi2, which pushes away photogenerated minority carriers from the defective surface region, but to the decrease of defective states by the native oxide.
Effective photoconductivity of exfoliated black phosphorus for optoelectronic switching under 1.55 μm optical excitation
Authors: Penillard A. , Tripon-Canseliet C. , Rosticher M. , Maksimovic I. , Liu Z. , Géron E.
Published: January 2016

We present a microwave photoconductive switch based on exfoliated black phosphorus and strongly responding to a 1.55 μm optical excitation. According to its number of atomic layers, exfoliated black phosphorus presents unique properties for optoelectronic applications, like a tunable direct bandgap from 0.3 eV to 2 eV, strong mobilities, and strong conductivities. The switch shows a maximum ON/OFF ratio of 17 dB at 1 GHz, and 2.2 dB at 20 GHz under 1.55-μm laser excitation at 50 mW, never achieved with bidimensional materials.
Dynamical density functional theory for microswimmers
Authors: Menzel Andreas M. , Saha Arnab , Hoell Christian , Löwen Hartmut
Published: January 2016

Dynamical density functional theory (DDFT) has been successfully derived and applied to describe on one hand passive colloidal suspensions, including hydrodynamic interactions between individual particles. On the other hand, active “dry” crowds of self-propelled particles have been characterized using DDFT. Here, we go one essential step further and combine these two approaches. We establish a DDFT for active microswimmer suspensions. For this purpose, simple minimal model microswimmers are introduced. These microswimmers self-propel by setting the surrounding fluid into motion. They hydrodynamically interact with each other through their actively self-induced fluid flows and via the common “passive” hydrodynamic interactions. An effective soft steric repulsion is also taken into account. We derive the DDFT starting from common statistical approaches. Our DDFT is then tested and applied by characterizing a suspension of microswimmers, the motion of which is restricted to a plane within a three-dimensional bulk fluid. Moreover, the swimmers are confined by a radially symmetric trapping potential. In certain parameter ranges, we find rotational symmetry breaking in combination with the formation of a “hydrodynamic pumping state,” which has previously been observed in the literature as a result of particle-based simulations. An additional instability of this pumping state is revealed.
Prescription for choosing an interpolating function
Authors: Takimi Tomohisa
Published: January 2016

Interpolating functional method is a powerful tool for studying the behavior of a quantity in the intermediate region of the parameter space of interest by using its perturbative expansions at both ends. Recently several interpolating functional methods have been proposed, in addition to the well-known Padé approximant, namely, the “Fractional Power of Polynomial” and the “Fractional Power of Rational functions” methods. Since combinations of these methods also give interpolating functions, we may end up with multitudes of the possible approaches. So a criterion for choosing an appropriate interpolating function is very much needed. In this paper, we propose reference quantities which can be used for choosing a good interpolating function. In order to validate the prescription based on these quantities, we study the degree of correlation between “the reference quantities” and the “actual degree of deviation between the interpolating function and the true function” in examples where the true functions are known.
Oxide-cladding aluminum nitride photonic crystal slab: Design and investigation of material dispersion and fabrication induced disorder
Authors: Melo E. G. , Carvalho D. O. , Ferlauto A. S. , Alvarado M. A. , Carreño M. N. P. , Alayo M. I.
Published: January 2016

Photonic crystal slabs with a lower-index material surrounding the core layer are an attractive choice to circumvent the drawbacks in the fabrication of membranes suspended in air. In this work we propose a photonic crystal (PhC) slab structure composed of a triangular pattern of air holes in a multilayer thin film of aluminum nitride embedded in silicon dioxide layers designed for operating around 450 nm wavelengths. We show the design of an ideal structure and analyze the effects of material dispersion based on a first-order correction perturbation theory approach using dielectric functions obtained by experimental measurements of the thin film materials. Numerical methods were used to investigate the effects of fabrication induced disorder of typical nanofabrication processes on the bandgap size and spectral response of the proposed device. Deviation in holes radii and positions were introduced in the proposed PhC slab model with a Gaussian distribution profile. Impacts of slope in holes sidewalls that might result from the dry etching of AlN were also evaluated. The results show that for operation at the midgap frequency, slope in holes sidewalls is more critical than displacements in holes sizes and positions.
Optimal detection strategy for super-resolving quantum lidar
Authors: Wang Q. , Hao L. , Zhang Y. , Yang C. , Yang X. , Xu L. , Zhao Y.
Published: January 2016

The description of quantum lidar in the presence of photon loss and phase noise is presented. Taylor series is directly exploited to expand the interference signal to separate the detected phase and the phase noise. The analytical expression of interference signal and its sensitivity are illustrated by binary outcome homodyne, parity photon counting, and zero-nonzero photon counting detection. Numerical calculation indicates that homodyne detection has the best sensitivity and resolution and should be considered as the optimal detection strategy for quantum lidar in the diffusion region of κ<10−2. However, parity detection should be the best detection scheme for resolution, and zero-nonzero detection represents the optimal detection for sensitivity in the rest region. Finally, zero-nonzero detection produces better sensitivity than parity detection.
Photonic mesophases from cut rod rotators
Authors: Stelson Angela C. , Avendano Carlos , Liddell Watson Chekesha M.
Published: January 2016

The photonic band properties of random rotator mesophases are calculated using supercell methods applied to cut rods on a hexagonal lattice. Inspired by the thermodynamic mesophase for anisotropic building blocks, we vary the shape factor of cut fraction for the randomly oriented basis. We find large, stable bandgaps with high gap isotropy in the inverted and direct structures as a function of cut fraction, dielectric contrast, and filling fraction. Bandgap sizes up to 34.5% are maximized at high dielectric contrast for rods separated in a matrix. The bandgaps open at dielectric contrasts as low as 2.0 for the transverse magnetic polarization and 2.25 for the transverse electric polarization. Additionally, the type of scattering that promotes the bandgap is correlated with the effect of disorder on bandgap size. Slow light properties are investigated in waveguide geometry and slowdown factors up to 5 × 104 are found.
On the stability of von Kármán rotating-disk boundary layers with radial anisotropic surface roughness
Authors: Garrett S. J. , Cooper A. J. , Harris J. H. , Özkan M. , Segalini A. , Thomas P. J.
Published: January 2016

We summarise results of a theoretical study investigating the distinct convective instability properties of steady boundary-layer flow over rough rotating disks. A generic roughness pattern of concentric circles with sinusoidal surface undulations in the radial direction is considered. The goal is to compare predictions obtained by means of two alternative, and fundamentally different, modelling approaches for surface roughness for the first time. The motivating rationale is to identify commonalities and isolate results that might potentially represent artefacts associated with the particular methodologies underlying one of the two modelling approaches. The most significant result of practical relevance obtained is that both approaches predict overall stabilising effects on type I instability mode of rotating disk flow. This mode leads to transition of the rotating-disk boundary layer and, more generally, the transition of boundary-layers with a cross-flow profile. Stabilisation of the type 1 mode means that it may be possible to exploit surface roughness for laminar-flow control in boundary layers with a cross-flow component. However, we also find differences between the two sets of model predictions, some subtle and some substantial. These will represent criteria for establishing which of the two alternative approaches is more suitable to correctly describe experimental data when these become available.
Landau damping of the dust-acoustic surface waves in a Lorentzian dusty plasma slab
Authors: Lee Myoung-Jae , Jung Young-Dae
Published: January 2016

Landau damping of a dust-acoustic surface wave propagating at the interfaces of generalized Lorentzian dusty plasma slab bounded by a vacuum is kinetically derived as the surface wave displays the symmetric and the anti-symmetric mode in a plasma slab. In the limiting case of small scaled wave number, we have found that Landau damping is enhanced as the slab thickness is increased. In particular, the damping of anti-symmetric mode is much stronger for a Lorentzian plasma than for a Maxwellian plasma. We have also found that the damping is more affected by superthermal particles in a Lorentzian plasma than by a Maxwellian plasma for both of the symmetric and the anti-symmetric cases. The variations of Landau damping with various parameters are also discussed.
The impact of crystal morphology on the thermal responses of ultrasonically-excited energetic materials
Authors: Miller J. K. , Mares J. O. , Gunduz I. E. , Son S. F. , Rhoads J. F.
Published: January 2016

The ability to detect explosive materials may be significantly enhanced with local increases in vapor pressure caused by an elevation of the materials' temperature. Recently, ultrasonic excitation has been shown to generate heat within plastic-bonded energetic materials. To investigate the impact of crystal morphology on this heating, samples of elastic binder are implanted with single ammonium perchlorate crystals of two distinct shape groups. Contact piezoelectric transducers are then used to excite the samples at ultrasonic frequencies. The thermal responses of the crystals are recorded using infrared thermography, and the rate of heating is estimated. Surface temperature increases up to 15 °C are found to arise after 2 s of excitation, with much higher heating levels expected near the inclusions themselves as demonstrated by the chemical decomposition of some crystals under favorable excitation conditions. The rates of heat generation are compared to various crystal morphology features through 2D estimates of length scale, perimeter and irregularity. It is observed that crystals grown in the lab, featuring sharp geometric facets, exhibit a higher probability of significant heat generation than inclusions with more spherical shapes. However, no statistical link is found between the rates of heat generation and the crystal morphology in those samples that do generate significant heating, likely because variations in surface roughness cannot be entirely eliminated during experimentation. It is hoped that this study will lead to a better understanding of the nature of heat generation in energetic materials from ultrasonic sources.
Artificial metamaterials for reprogrammable magnetic and microwave properties
Authors: Haldar Arabinda , Adeyeye Adekunle Olusola
Published: January 2016

We demonstrate a reliable method for realizing various antiferromagnetic states in lithographically defined, dipolar coupled rhomboid nanomagnets. We directly probe the remanent state using magnetic force microscopy and measured the microwave absorptions using broadband ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy technique. Reprogrammable microwave absorption properties are shown by switching between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic remanent states using a simple field initialization. There is a direct correlation between the magnetic remanent states and the microwave responses. Experimental results were supported by micromagnetic simulations which show a good agreement. The results may find applications in low power magnonic devices based on reprogrammable magnetic metamaterials.
Characteristics of domain wall chirality and propagation in a Y-junction nanowire
Authors: Kwak W.-Y. , Yoon Seungha , Kwon J.-H. , Grünberg P. , Cho B. K.
Published: January 2016

Chirality-dependent propagation of transverse wall along a nanowire was investigated using a Y-junction with spin-valve structure. It was found that the Y-junction can be used for convenient and effective electric detection of transverse domain wall chirality, especially in a nanowire with sub-200 nm width, where it is difficult to electrically detect chirality using conventional artificial defect, such as a notch, due to small resistance change. Domain wall propagation path in the Y-junction was found to be determined by the wall chirality, whether clockwise or counterclockwise. Using the Y-junction nanowire, characteristics of domain wall chirality that was nucleated in a nucleation pad, attached at the end of a nanowire, were studied and found to be in good agreement with the results of theoretical simulation.
Hole-exciton interaction induced high field decay of magneto-electroluminescence in Alq3-based organic light-emitting diodes at room temperature
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Holford D. F. , Gu Hang , Kreouzis T. , Zhang Sijie , Gillin W. P.
Published: January 2016

The magnetic field effects on the electroluminescence of aluminium tris-(8-hydroxyqinoline) (Alq3) based organic light emitting diodes have been investigated by varying the electron/hole ratio in the emissive layer. Experimental results reveal that a negative high field effect in the magneto-electroluminescence (MEL) can be found in devices with very low triplet exciton concentration at room temperature. This suggests triplet-triplet annihilation cannot be used to explain the negative high field MEL in the Alq3 system. Our results suggest that hole-exciton interaction may be the origin of the negative high field MEL and also, in parallel with this interaction, there is also the more common positive high field process occurring which has been tentatively attributed to electron-exciton interactions. The competition between these different processes decides the final shape of the MEL at high fields.
Net gain in small mode volume organic microcavities
Authors: Tzschaschel C. , Sudzius M. , Mischok A. , Fröb H. , Leo K.
Published: January 2016

We report a room temperature study of net gain far below the lasing threshold in planar organic microresonators with a limited amount of gain material. We measure the net gain change as a function of optical pump power for various resonator designs and cavity thicknesses by carefully analyzing spatially filtered emission spectra of the microcavity using a transfer-matrix approach. We show that the net gain increases with pump prior to saturation of the gain material and photobleaching of population inversion. The time-integrated peak gain value of DCM based gain medium is estimated to be at least 380 cm−1 for our structures.
Verification of the ideal magnetohydrodynamic response at rational surfaces in the VMEC code
Authors: Lazerson Samuel A. , Loizu Joaquim , Hirshman Steven , Hudson Stuart R.
Published: January 2016

The VMEC nonlinear ideal MHD equilibrium code [S. P. Hirshman and J. C. Whitson, Phys. Fluids 26, 3553 (1983)] is compared against analytic linear ideal MHD theory in a screw-pinch-like configuration. The focus of such analysis is to verify the ideal MHD response at magnetic surfaces which possess magnetic transform (ι) which is resonant with spectral values of the perturbed boundary harmonics. A large aspect ratio circular cross section zero-beta equilibrium is considered. This equilibrium possess a rational surface with safety factor q = 2 at a normalized flux value of 0.5. A small resonant boundary perturbation is introduced, exciting a response at the resonant rational surface. The code is found to capture the plasma response as predicted by a newly developed analytic theory that ensures the existence of nested flux surfaces by allowing for a jump in rotational transform (ι=1/q). The VMEC code satisfactorily reproduces these theoretical results without the necessity of an explicit transform discontinuity (Δι) at the rational surface. It is found that the response across the rational surfaces depends upon both radial grid resolution and local shear (dι/dΦ, where ι is the rotational transform and Φ the enclosed toroidal flux). Calculations of an implicit Δι suggest that it does not arise due to numerical artifacts (attributed to radial finite differences in VMEC) or existence conditions for flux surfaces as predicted by linear theory (minimum values of Δι). Scans of the rotational transform profile indicate that for experimentally relevant levels of transform shear the response becomes increasing localised. Careful examination of a large experimental tokamak equilibrium, with applied resonant fields, indicates that this shielding response is present, suggesting the phenomena is not limited to this verification exercise.