bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE CONCEPT OF "PHYSICAL OBJECT" IN THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY. APPROPRIATENESS OF APPLICATION
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kononenko Taras , Sobolievskyi Yaroslav ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: April 2024

B a c k g r o u n d . According to the genre characteristics, the article is a form of publicizing analytical conclusions from the experience of research in the field of the history of philosophy in the local community of philosophers of Ukraine. The material for understanding was supplied from the environment of educational and scientific professional activity of the authors and was based on the long experience of using a certain type of historical and philosophical sources, which even now constitute the main resource of sources of Ukrainian philosophical education. The article explores the concept of "physical object" in the context of the history of philosophy and examines its relevance for philosophical reflections. It is noted that the variety of interpretations of the term in the history of philosophy creates the need for new methods of revealing its essence M e t h o d s . Problems with establishing the authenticity and verifiability of such sources prompted the search for methods and techniques of source studies in related fields of knowledge, in particular analytical philosophy and philosophy of science. The article uses an analytical approach based on the study of historical and philosophical sources. Methods of source studies are used to solve problems related to the authenticity and reliability of sources R e s u l t s . With this in mind, the purpose of scientific research was to justify the appropriateness of using such a phenomenon as a "physical object" in historical-philosophical research. It was established that, despite the significant unusualness of the presence of a terminological counterpart to this phenomenon in the historical-philosophical realm, its implementation and application has significant creative potential. C o n c l u s i o n s . After a concise inquiry, the authors have reached a consensus that, in contemporary research on the history of philosophy within the Ukrainian philosophical community, it is pertinent and essential to develop a methodology. This methodology should be founded on the imperative of establishing the initial point for comprehensively studying the philosophical primary source, treating it as a "physical object".
THE CONCEPT OF NATURE IN THE WORKS OF AMERICAN TRANSCENDENTALIST HENRY DAVID THOREAU
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Liebiedieva Hanna
Published: April 2024

B a c k g r o u n d . This article reveals the understanding of the concept of nature in the works of the American philosopher Henry David Thoreau. Henry David Thoreau is an American philosopher, poet, essayist, naturalist and political activist. Together with Ralph Waldo Emerson, his friend and mentor, he is considered one of the founders of the transcendentalist movement. Transcendentalism was a powerful movement of American philosophy of the 19th century. It was characterized by focusing on the problem of human self-knowledge, human's returning to own essence, living in harmony with nature, as well as criticism of modern society and active abolitionism. M e t h o d s . The article uses both general scientific methods and special methods, such as – the method of historical-philosophical reconstruction, which made it possible to reproduce the ideas of the American thinker, the hermeneutic method – for explaining individual positions of the philosopher. In addition, literary-critical methods were used, for the possibility of using various primary sources, and systematic method – to identify a systematized structure in the philosophical work of H. D. Thoreau. R e s u l t s . One of the main features of transcendentalism is a special interest in reflection on nature and a special approach to it. Thus, the concept of nature is present in most of H. D. Thoreau's works, and it is the central topic of his philosophical searches. The concept of nature in his works appears in different contexts, acquires different meanings. Thus, H. D. Thoreau talks about nature in the context of nature, in the context of poetic creativity, in his philosophical searches, in his vision of man and in his argumentation of his own political position. However, the different meanings that H. D. Thoreau attaches to the concept of nature do not contradict each other, but, on the contrary, complement and clarify his understanding of nature. C o n c l u s i o n s . This article proposes to consider the use of the concept of nature by H. D. Thoreau in the following aspects: Nature and Peculiarities of nature as a subject of scientific knowledge. Nature and The relationship between nature and culture through the relationship between "the wild" and society. Nature and From naturalism to humanism. Nature as an inner essence of man and solitude with nature as a return to this essence.
THE GENESIS OF THE ORDINARY LANGUAGE PHILOSOPHY AND SOME MODERN STRATEGIES OF CRITICISM
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Sobolievskyi Pavlo
Published: April 2024

B a c k g r o u n d . The ordinary language philosophy should be considered as a set of different but interconnected research projects within the Anglo-American analytical philosophy of the first half and middle of the 20th century. A common factor for these studies is the application of the method of linguistic analysis of natural language expressions to solve many classical problems for philosophy. This method replaced the prevailing idealistic concepts, and was picked up and developed in Great Britain by the works and scientific explorations of J. Moore and B. Russell. It is a generally accepted opinion that the sphere of interests of representatives of the ordinary language philosophy is divided between two poles, represented by the works of L. Wittgenstein and D. Austin. M e t h o d s . In the article, the author used the method of historical-philosophical reconstruction to clarify the role, place and genesis of the ordinary language philosophy as a dominant methodology within the Anglo-American analytical philosophy of the middle of the 20th century, general scientific methods of cognition: analysis, synthesis, generalization to clarify key ideas and concepts, which is the basis of the methodology of the ordinary language philosophy, as well as methods of systematization and comparison. R e s u l t s . The article clarifies the genesis of the main ideas and concepts of the philosophy of everyday language, as well as gives an example of the modern strategy of criticism of this methodological direction. The key postulates of the ordinary language philosophy age are clarified, namely: (i) the thesis that philosophical problems arise due to the incorrect use of language and must be solved by clarifying the meanings of words, (ii) philosophical analysis should not be based on the discovery of hidden logical forms of expression, and on the clarification of the necessary and sufficient conditions for the use of the expression, including the analysis of the situation of use, (iii) meaning as use, (iv) the philosophical analysis of the meaning should be carried out informally, taking into account the analysis of each specific case of the use of the expression, (v) criticism systematic theories of meaning. C o n c l u s i o n s . At the current stage of the development of analytical philosophy, there is a noticeable increase in attention to the achievements of the ordinary language philosophy. Among modern researchers and critics of this direction, the names of A. Baz, D. Nagel, S. Somes, and T. Williamson can be singled out. The presence of the interest of modern researchers indicates premature statements about the completion of the ordinary language philosophy. This concept should be rehabilitated, and its methodological apparatus should enrich the arsenal of scientific methods of modern analytical philosophers.
Current aspects of surgical methods for removal of bladder stones in patients with bladder outlet obstruction
Authors: Nazarov Toirkhon H. , Madumarov Dilmurod N.
Published: April 2024

The prevalence of bladder stones is quite high, which represents a significant medical and social problem. Despite significant progress in the field of medicine, there are currently no generally accepted standards for the treatment of patients with cystolithiasis. This review presents an analysis of literature sources using the PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, eLibrary, Cyberleninka databases, dedicated to modern aspects of the treatment of patients with bladder stones and bladder outlet obstruction. The features, advantages and disadvantages of various surgical methods for treating such patients are described in detail. It has been shown that despite the fact that transurethral cystolithotripsy with litholapaxy is the most common surgical option, modern medicine offers alternative methods of surgical treatment. It is emphasized that to achieve the greatest effectiveness of treatment, the correct choice of surgical method is necessary, based on the individual characteristics of the patient. It was noted that there is a need to optimize the treatment algorithm for patients with bladder stones and bladder outlet obstruction.
Distal ureteral atresia, megaureter of a lower pole of a duplicated kidney: the rare clinical case
Authors: Kagantsov Iliya M. , Kondrateva Evgeniia A. , Kokhreidze Nadezhda A. , Karavaeva Svetlana A. , Pervunina Tatiana M.
Published: April 2024

Ureteral atresia is a rare pathology, the diagnosis of which is difficult, and a unified approach to the method of surgical correction has not been formed. The aim of this study is to demonstrate a rare clinical case of a patient with distal ureteral atresia of a non-functioning lower pole of a duplicated kidney, and also to present the method of surgical treatment. A 12-year-old female patient was diagnosed with a cystic formation of the retroperitoneal space. During the operation, it was determined that this cyst was an atretic, dilated ureter of a lower pole of the duplacated kidney. Lower heminefrureterectomy was chosen as the method of surgical correction. Ureteral atresia is rarely combined with any other anomalies of the upper urinary tract, and the presented clinical case has not previously been described in the available foreign and Russian literature. The methods of surgical correction of ureteral atresia include nephrureterectomy, ureteroureterostomy, intestinal ureteroplasty, and Boari procedure. In the presented case, heminefrureterectomy was chosen because of severe hypoplasia of the lower pole of the duplicated kidney and the almost complete absence of its parenchyma. When examining patients with cystic formations of the retroperitoneal space, it is necessary to remember about the ureteral atresia, which may be accompanied by other anomalies of the upper urinary tract.
Analysis of the quality of life and patient satisfaction with the results of testicular prosthetics
Authors: Shormanov I. S. , Shchedrov Dmitry N. , Spasskaya Yulia S. , Garova Darya Yu.
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND: Satisfaction with the results is a complex and poorly studied aspect of testicular prosthetics, which currently has no comprehensive consecration in the literature. There are no works that are based on a comprehensive view of the problem, from a subjective analysis of the local physical characteristics of the implant itself and the aesthetic perception of one’s body to assessing the impact of prosthetics on the patient’s sex life and socialization.
AIM: The aim of this study is to evaluate the results of testicular prosthetics using an original questionnaire reflecting satisfaction with the physical characteristics of the implant, sexual behavior characteristics and the socio-psychological status of the patient.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Questionnaires of 236 patients were analyzed — 112 adults 1 year after prosthetics and 124 adolescents after reaching 18 years of age with a period after surgery from 1 to 8 years. The survey was carried out using an original questionnaire that included 15 questions reflecting various aspects of the patient’s attitude to the results of prosthetics.
RESULTS: Overall satisfaction with prosthetics was more than 90% in both groups, prevailing in patients operated on in adolescence. The greatest satisfaction with prosthetics was noted in patients after testicular torsion and trauma, less satisfaction in patients with cryptorchidism, testicular hypoplasia, and monorchidism. When analyzing the patient’s interest in this procedure depending on the period before prosthetics, it was noted that satisfaction does not tend to decrease over time, up to a 10-year interval between the loss of the gonad and prosthetics. Requirements for the final result of prosthetics tend to increase in more educated patients. The results of the survey demonstrate the greatest demands for prosthetics in patients in the age group of 21–30 years as the most sexually active age category.
CONCLUSIONS: Patient satisfaction with modern implant prosthetics is quite high — at least 90%. However, these values are not maximum and leave room for further optimization of this method, which follows from the lack of a maximum assessment of satisfaction with the results of prosthetics — for all criteria the indicators do not exceed 95%.
Micropercutaneous nephrolithotripsy in the treatment of patients with nephrolithiasis: medical and organizational aspects
Authors: Mosiychuk Oleg M. , Kostenkov Nikolai Yu.
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to modern methods of treating nephrolithiasis. A review of the results of studies on the effectiveness and safety of micro- and minipercutaneous nephrolithotripsy and the advantages of different treatment methods is presented. A trend towards miniaturization of surgical methods for the treatment of nephrolithiasis has been shown, accompanied by an improvement in their results and economic feasibility. The issues of organizing surgical treatment of patients with kidney stones are considered.
Effectiveness of Wobenzym in combined therapy of chronic bacterial prostatitis. Results of systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kupriyanov Yuriy A. , Zaitsev Andrey V. , Bernikov Alexander N. , Khodyreva Lyubov A. , Pushkar Dmitry Yu.
Published: April 2024

A systematic review and meta-analysis of research data on the effectiveness of the drug Wobenzym in the treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis was performed. The aim of this study to evaluate the effectiveness of Wobenzym in the complex therapy of chronic bacterial prostatitis. The analysis included randomized and non-randomized controlled studies of the effectiveness of Wobenzim in the complex therapy of chronic bacterial prostatitis. The search was carried out in the databases CENTRAL, PubMed, ICTRP, eLibrary, ClinicalTrials.gov., Google Scholar, CyberLeninka, search engines. The meta-analysis was conducted using the recommendations of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochran test and visually when constructing forest plots. A random effects model and a fixed effect model were used. Works published over the entire period were analyzed, 712 publications were identified, of which 9 fully met the stated criteria, all studies were non-randomized controlled. The final analysis included the results of 1292 patients. According to the meta-analysis, it was possible to establish the superiority of complex therapy including Wobenzym compared to therapy without Wobenzym in all studied parameters: eradication of the pathogen, decrease in the number of points on the Quality of Life (QoL) scale, an increase in the linear speed of blood flow in the veins and peak systolic blood flow velocity in the arteries of the prostate gland, maximum urine flow rate, reduction in the number of points of the NIH-CPSI “Pain” subscale (difference 5 points) and NIH-CPSI “Quality of Life” subscale. The use of therapy including Wobenzym in patients with chronic prostatitis leads to a greater increase in the number of CD4+, CD8+ lymphocytes, phagocytic activity of lymphocytes, the level of complement CH-100 and immunoglobulins M, G, A. A systematic review/meta-analysis revealed an objective, statistically significant, positive effect of the drug Wobenzym in the complex therapy of patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis, which is associated with its pathogenetic orientation in relation to this group of patients.
Mortality in fracture of the distal femoral bone (review)
Authors: Shermatov Kymbatbek R. , Parshikov Mikhail V. , Medjidov Kamal M.
Published: April 2024

Distal femur fractures in the elderly can lead to the exacerbation of chronic diseases and fatal outcomes similar to those observed in femoral neck fractures in the same category of individuals. Thus, this study aimed to determine the factors influencing the mortality of patients with distal femur fractures based on the analysis of foreign studies and results of treated patients. Review of foreign literature was conducted using the databases of medical publications PubMed, CyberLeninka, Google Scholar, Scopus, Medline, and Cochrane among articles in English, Chinese, Italian, and Russian, as well as through the Web of Knowledge. We analyzed publications for the last 10 years. Evaluation of treated patients included patients aged 60 years with distal femoral fractures between 2021 and 2023. Analysis of the literature data showed that distal femur fractures are accompanied by high mortality in patients in the first years after injury (from 18% to 35%), commonly in elderly patients without surgical treatment (90%–100%), and the presence of several concomitant diseases accompanied by contractures of the femur, knee joint, and false joint and displacement or fracture of the metal retainer. Early surgical treatment (first 48 h) is an effective treatment method that significantly reduces mortality after distal femur fracture (by 2.8 times).
Our experience in 3D-modelling in pilon (distal tibial plafond) fractures
Authors: Parshikov Mikhail V. , Koshkin Arsenty B. , Yarigin Nikolay V. , Novikov Sergey V. , Prokhorov Andrey A. , Govorov Mikhail V. , Aliev Rasul N. , Guriev Vladimir V.
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND: Internal fixation of pilon fractures remains challenging despite the development of new technologies in medical imaging and implant design and various scientific investigations on this problem. A key point in therapeutic strategy is preoperative planning. Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, the procedure has changed dramatically from plain radiograph drawing to 3D models and internal fixation simulation in vitro.
AIM: This study aimed to evaluate 3D modeling in pilon fracture osteosynthesis preoperative planning.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study used open, prospective, randomized, and comparative analysis. We analyzed the data of 60 patients with pilon fractures who had undergone surgical treatment for pilon fractures between July 1, 2020, and December 12, 2021, in Moscow City Hospital No. 17. In 30 patients, 3D models were used in preoperative planning, and in another 30 patients, the traditional planning method was performed. The operation time, intraoperation, X-ray dosage, blood loss, fracture reduction quality, and long-term results were analyzed. Additionally, the surgeon’s comfort in applying the 3D model and ease of doctor–patient communication were assessed using questionnaires.
RESULTS: Results showed that 3D modeling in pilon fracture osteosynthesis preoperative planning has advantages over traditional preoperative planning.
CONCLUSION: Therefore, 3D planning is a promising novel method for distal tibial fracture internal fixation preoperative planning, which provides significant higher degree of fracture anatomy comprehension and facilitates reduction maneuvers and implant positioning.
The effectiveness of controlled growth in correcting the inequality of the length of the lower extremities in the framework of multi-level simultaneous orthopedic interventions in children with hemiparetic forms of cerebral palsy
Authors: Mamedov Ulvi F. , Tomov Ahmed D. , Gatamov Orkhan I. , Popkov Dmitry A.
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION: Multilevel simultaneous orthopedic interventions in hemiparetic cerebral palsy imply correction of orthopedic complications on the involved limb and equalization or reduction of the inequality of the limb length. The effectiveness of correcting the inequality of limb length by controlled growth while improving the function of the involved limb by performing a multilevel orthopedic intervention remains unknown.
AIM: To analyze the parameters of correction of the inequality of the length of the segments of the lower extremities using controlled growth in children with spastic hemiplegia in the framework of multilevel orthopedic interventions.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 24 children with spastic hemiplegia, the results of correction of the inequality of the length of the lower extremities by controlled growth (extraphyseal epiphysiodesis) performed within the framework of multilevel simultaneous interventions were studied.
RESULTS: The duration of correction was, on average, 18 months during hip surgery and 18.5 months with growth inhibition in the lower leg. Generally, considering the length of the segments of both the thigh and lower leg, the correction achieved was relatively satisfactory. Preoperatively, the difference in the total length of the thigh and lower leg was 18 mm (11–23), and after the correction period, it was 4 mm (−4.5–5.75). In performing epiphysiodesis before age 11 years, hypercorrection of the shortening of the involved limb may occur, considering the difference in the length of the thigh–shin segment. As age increases at the time of intervention (especially in the second half of puberty), the effectiveness of the controlled growth technique decreases. In all cases, when the correction value was 1 cm, patients’ age exceeded 144 months (12 years).
CONCLUSION: Given the advantages of multilevel interventions in cerebral palsy, performing controlled growth within a single operation with reconstructive elements on the involved limb is preferable. The controlled and reversible nature of extraphyseal temporary epiphysiodesis is beneficial in achieving the required correction without high risks of excessive growth inhibition. Performing a controlled growth operation is preferable when the patient is ≤12–13 years old, considering the residual growth potential.
Comparative characteristics of cervical sagittal balance parameters and atlantoaxial instability criteria in normal and Down syndrome children
Authors: Kuleshov Alexander A. , Nazarenko Anton G. , Sharov Vladislav A. , Vetrile Marchel S. , Ovsyankin Anatoliy V. , Kuzminova Elena S. , Lisyansky Igor N. , Makarov Sergey N. , Strunina Uliya V.
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND: Sagittal balance of the spine has received considerable development in recent years. However, most studies focused on the assessment of vertebral–pelvic parameters. The cervical spine has long received insufficient attention from researchers, but this trend has been changing. The study of cervical sagittal balance in children with Down syndrome is beneficial in approaching the preconditions of atlantoaxial instability.
AIM: To perform a comparative analysis of cervical sagittal balance parameters and atlantoaxial instability criteria in normal and Down syndrome children.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Radiographs of the cervical spine in the neutral position in lateral projection and postural radiographs of 110 pediatric patients were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (normal), 60 children aged 4–17 years without spinal pathology, and group 2 (Down syndrome), 50 children aged 4–17 years with Down syndrome. The parameters of cervical sagittal balance (Oc-C2, Oc-C7, C1-C2, C2-C7, C2-C7H, C7S, Th1S, TIA, NT) and criteria for atlantoaxial instability (Nakamura angle, ADI, SAC-C1, SAC-C1/SAC-C4) were obtained, and data was statistically analyzed.
RESULTS: Significant differences in the parameters C7S, Th1S, and TIA increased in children with Down syndrome. These parameters are involved in cervical lordosis; however, no significant differences in cervical lordosis angles were found. Furthermore, significant differences were noted in the criteria of atlantoaxial instability ADI, SAC-C1, and SAC-C1/SAC-C4 toward their decreasing in children with Down syndrome.
CONCLUSION: In patients with Down syndrome, the indices of cervical lordosis are statistically greater than those in normal children. Moreover, the parameters of cervical lordosis in patients with Down syndrome do not differ from those in normal children. Therefore, during flexion, subcompensation of the cervical spine is observed in children with Down syndrome. Given the statistically smaller indicators ADI, SAC-C1, SAC-C1/SAC-C4, low neck muscle tone, and ligamentous hypermobility, these abnormalities can be considered as congenital predisposition factors for atlantoaxial instability in children with Down syndrome.
Exploring shoulder joint pain: a comparative analysis of dynamic ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Varma Sparsh , Sharma Praveen K , Faizal Afwaan , Lucas Ajay
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND: To evaluate shoulder joint pain, the study concentrated on evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging.
AIM: By comparing the results from both modalities within the same patient group, the study aimed to identify potential challenges in image interpretation, underscoring the limitations of ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with shoulder joint pain were included through purposive sampling. These patients underwent ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging, and the results were correlated. Various shoulder pathologies, including tendon tears, bursitis, degenerative changes, calcifications, and impingement, were analyzed.
RESULTS: The study comprised 35 patients who underwent ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging detecting pathologies such as subscapularis and supraspinatus tendon injuries, partial and full-thickness tears, peribicipital tendon fluid, subcoracoid and subacromial-subdeltoid bursitis, acromioclavicular joint degeneration, tendon calcification, and impingement. Comparative analysis showed varying sensitivities, specificities, positive predictive values, negative predictive values, and accuracy for different pathologies.
CONCLUSION: Compared with ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated greater sensitivity and specificity in identifying conditions causing shoulder pain. Ultrasonography’s affordability, real-time capabilities, and ability to compare results with the unaffected side make it a useful first diagnostic step for shoulder pain. Ultrasonography, although a quick and cost-effective initial diagnostic tool, has limitations, including operator dependence and lower sensitivity in certain conditions. In contrast, magnetic resonance imaging is employed as a confirming measure or in instances where diagnosis is challenging. The study emphasized the complementary roles of ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of shoulder joint pain, with magnetic resonance imaging as the more accurate and complete imaging modality.
COVID-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Göreve Başlayan Sağlık Personelinde Anksiyete ve Sağlık Kaygısı
Authors: Özçelik Kaynak Kezban , Karadağ Ezgi , Öztuna Barış
Published: April 2024

Amaç: Bu çalışma; COVID-19 Salgını döneminde göreve ilk kez başlayan sağlık çalışanlarının anksiyete ve sağlık kaygısı durumlarını belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Pandeminin en yoğun zamanlarından olan 2020 yılı yaz aylarında Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hastanesinde göreve başlayan 200 sağlık çalışanı arasından gönüllü olan 185 kişinin katılımı ile çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırmada veriler; literatürden yararlanılarak hazırlanan soru formu, 1998 yılında Ulusoy ve arkadaşlarınca Türkçe geçerlilik ve güvenilirliği yapılan 21 maddeli Anksiyete Ölçeği ile Türkçeye uyarlaması Aydemir ve arkadaşları (2011) tarafından yapılmış toplam 18 maddeden oluşan Sağlık Kaygısı Ölçeği kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen verilerin analizinde SPSS 21.00 programı kullanılmış, verilerin analizinde ise yüzdelik, t testi, Kruskall Wallis Varyans analizi, Mann Whitney-U, ANOVA, Pearson korelasyon analizi ve Cronbach alpha iç tutarlılık testlerine başvurulmuştur.
Bulgular: Anksiyete ölçeği toplam puan ortalaması 6,68±9,54 olarak belirlenmiştir. Sağlık Kaygısı ölçeği toplam puan ortalaması 31,22±4,56 olarak belirlenmiştir. Anksiyete ve Sağlık Kaygısı toplam puan ortalamaları arasında pozitif yönde ileri düzeyde anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir (r= 0,314, p
Emerging and reemerging human fungal pathogens that affect people with weakened immune systems: a systematic review
Authors: Genet Amere , Girma Abayeneh
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUNDEmerging and reemerging human fungal pathogens are becoming more closely associated with morbidity and mortality, with 13 million infections and 1.5 million deaths per year. They are most often associated with critically ill and immunosuppressed patients. Therefore, this systematic review focused on emerging and reemerging human fungal pathogens that affect immunosuppressed individuals.
METHODS A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and other sources (Google engine and manual search using a reference list). The data were extracted in a structured format prepared using Microsoft Excel.
RESULTSCryptococcus neoformans, Candida auris, Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Nakaseomyces glabrata (Candida glabrata), Histoplasma spp., Mucorales (Rhizopus spp., Mucor spp., Lichtheimia spp., and others), Fusarium spp., Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, Pichia kudriavzevii (Candida krusei), Talaromyces marneffei and Pneumocystis jirovecii were emerging and reemerging fungal pathogens reported among critically ill and immunocompromised patients including but not limited to HIV patients and patients with infectious diseases such as influenza, COVID-19, and tuberculosis as well as chronic conditions or co-morbidities such as asthma, hepatic cirrhosis, cancer, diabetes, cystic fibrosis (CF), transplant recipients, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Climate change, agricultural activities, occupational hazards, deforestation, migratory trends of people, soil dispersion, decreased immunity of patients, biofilm development, medication tolerance, and resistance to antifungal therapies are all factors that contribute to the emergence of fungal diseases.
CONCLUSIONThis review makes recommendations for policymakers, public health experts, and other stakeholders to improve the response to these fungal infections, including laboratory capacity and surveillance, fostering sustainable research and innovation, implementing public health initiatives, and limiting the development of antifungal drug resistance.
Granulomatous Epulis in Maxillary Anterior Interdental Teeth
Authors: Nabighoh Eugenia Inbitsaqun , Suhartiningtyas Dwi , Hartanti Hartanti
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Epulis is a tumor-like enlargement of the gingiva originating from periodontal connective tissue, which is caused by chronic irritation. Epulis that occurs on the upper anterior teeth will disrupt the aesthetics and function of the lips and reduce self-confidence, so treatment is needed. Case report: The patient came to RSGM complaining that there was a lump on the upper front tooth and it felt painful. The patient had gone to the dentist regarding this case and was given topical medication, but the patient forgot the name of the medication. The patient's pain is aggravated when brushing his teeth and eating hard food or meat, for the taste is relieved when left alone. At the first meeting, patients are given information and education regarding the disease they are suffering from. Case management: The surgical phase by excision of the epulis with gingivectomy and subsequent curettage after surgical treatment of the gingiva. Discussion: Granulomatous epulis is a tissue mass that only exists in the gingiva which is richly vascularized, this lesion can grow to a certain size and stop growing. The etiology of granulomatous epulis lesions is usually caused by chronic irritation. Conclusion: Excision treatment and gingival formation performed with a scalpel can be considered for the treatment of maxillary anterior granulomatous epulis
Correlation of Antihypertensive Drugs Ca-Antagonist Amlodipine with Xerostomia
Authors: Utami Mellati Dian , Medawati Ana , Alifiah Bella Pardian Nur
Published: April 2024

Xerostomia is defined as a subjective complaint of dry mouth. Interestingly, patients complaining of dry mouth often have no objective signs of decreased salivation and their symptoms vary. May be secondary to qualitative and/or quantitative factors. changes in the composition of saliva. Normal stimulated salivary flow averages 1.5-2.0 ml/min while unstimulated salivary flow is about 0, 3-0.4 ml/min. This review aimed to determine the correlation between the Ca antagonist of the antihypertensive drug (Amlodipine) and xerostomia through a literature review conducted by researchers which was used as a reference for making this literature review. Data were obtained by data collection methods related to the study being studied and analyzed descriptively. Several studies show that there are differences in prevalence between genders and xerostomia appears to increase with age. A possible explanation is that older people are at risk due to some xerogenic medications for their chronic conditions and this may cause an overall decrease in the rate of unstimulated saliva flow. Xerostomia remains a common unresolved complaint especially among the geriatric population, despite efforts for medical or dental consultation. It was concluded that Ca-Antagonist antihypertensive drugs (amlodipine) were associated with xerostomia.
Expert opinion on the prescription practice of topical calamine lotion for chronic urticaria and other dermatologic conditions in Indian clinical settings
Authors: S. Manjula , Kumar M. Krishna
Published: April 2024

Background: Calamine is suggested as a potentially effective treatment for skin exudation, itching, and rashes. However, there aren't many thorough analyses of the drug prescription patterns for treating urticaria in the Indian literature. This study aimed to gather expert opinions on the prescription practice of topical calamine lotion for chronic urticaria and other dermatologic conditions in Indian clinical settings.
Methods: The cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey, comprising 25 questions, gathered data regarding the prescription practice of topical calamine lotion for the management of chronic urticaria and other dermatological conditions.
Results: Of the 467 participants, 62% indicated that they would prescribe topical calamine lotion for pruritus management. About 39% of the participants preferred the cream formulation of the calamine lotion for treating diaper dermatitis in 11-25% of patients. About 76% of the respondents stated that they would recommend an oral antihistamine along with topical calamine lotion to treat chronic urticaria. For the treatment of pruritus, 44% of the participants preferred menthol in addition to calamine. Sixty-eight per cent of the respondents stated that approximately 5% of those with chronic urticaria need to be treated with calamine and tetrahydrocurcumin. Most specialists (69.38%) preferred using calamine lotion on 5-10% of patients with itchy skin conditions during pregnancy.
Conclusions: Experts recommend the topical calamine lotion for managing various skin conditions including pruritus and chronic urticaria. Specialists recommended it as a safe option for managing itchy skin conditions during pregnancy.
Understanding the complexities of post-tuberculosis lung disease: Implications for global health
Authors: Yadav Sankalp
Published: April 2024

Post-tuberculosis lung disease (PTLD) presents a significant challenge in the management of tuberculosis patients, with far-reaching implications for global health. This editorial explores the multifaceted nature of PTLD, encompassing its pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic complexities, and implications for public health. PTLD arises from pulmonary damage due to an active tuberculosis infection, leading to inflammation, scarring, and fibrosis within the lungs. Clinical manifestations vary widely, ranging from chronic respiratory symptoms to severe respiratory failure, often resembling chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or restrictive lung disease. The diagnosis of PTLD is hindered by its heterogeneous presentation and overlap with other respiratory conditions, necessitating a comprehensive evaluation through pulmonary function tests and radiological imaging. PTLD imposes a substantial burden on global health systems, particularly in regions with high tuberculosis prevalence, contributing to increased morbidity and mortality rates. Management strategies focus on alleviating symptoms, preserving lung function, and preventing disease progression through pharmacological interventions, pulmonary rehabilitation, and, in select cases, surgical interventions. Preventive measures include effective tuberculosis control measures, vaccination against respiratory pathogens, and addressing social determinants of health. Overall, a comprehensive understanding of PTLD is essential for improving patient outcomes and reducing disease burden, highlighting the importance of concerted efforts to raise awareness, enhance diagnostic capabilities, and develop effective management strategies for this complex condition.
A massive primary spontaneous pneumothorax during the recovery phase of H1N1 pneumonia – An issue of concern
Authors: S Mohammed Aamir Zuhaib , Umashankar Niroja
Published: April 2024

The H1N1 or swine flu outbreak in 2009 was a major pandemic. It is a subtype of influenza A virus that affects humans and has two surface antigens, which led to it being called the novel H1N1 flu. Some patients with swine flu may develop lower respiratory tract infections, which can result in respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In this case report, a patient with H1N1 pneumonia developed massive spontaneous pneumothorax during the recovery phase and concludes that, high pressure mechanical ventilation during the management of H1N1 pneumonia and persistent cough could be the reason for spontaneous development of pneumothorax. However, spontaneous development of pneumothorax in patients with swine flu pneumonia is rarely reported. We present an uncommon case of H1N1 pneumonia-induced pneumothorax that occurred during the recovery phase of the patient. This case report highlights the need for clinicians and healthcare teams to be aware of this potential complication during the post-recovery phase of the patient.
Assessing the relative contribution of various anthropogenic sources to atmospheric methane in Rivers State, Nigeria: A multi-criteria decision analysis approach
Authors: Ogbowuokara Onwusameka Sonny , Leton Tambari Gladson , Ugbebor John Nwenearizi , Orikpete Ochuko Felix
Published: April 2024

Methane is a significant greenhouse gas, with a global warming potential many times greater than carbon dioxide over a 20-year period. Its release from sources like landfills, agriculture, and the energy sector exacerbates climate change, making it crucial to monitor and reduce methane emissions to mitigate global warming and achieve climate goals. This research utilized the Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) method, specifically the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), to analyze the sources of atmospheric methane in Rivers State, Nigeria. It addressed the challenge of assessing the contributions of various anthropogenic sources such as fossil fuels, landfills, agriculture, wetlands, and oceans to atmospheric methane emissions. By incorporating expert opinions, literature reviews, and surveys, the study constructed a hierarchical model to prioritize these sources based on their impact. Findings identified fossil fuels and landfills as the main contributors. The study demonstrated MCDA's effectiveness in environmental analysis and provided a replicable framework for similar assessments in other regions, contributing to targeted emission mitigation and policy formulation efforts.
Euskal ekonomiako eta enpresetako atzerriko zuzeneko inbertsioaren analisia eta lehiarkortasunean duen eraginaren balioespena
Authors: Kamp Bart ,   Universidad de Deusto, Carrillo Francisco ,   Universidad de Deusto, Pescarin Francesco
Published: April 2024

Atzerriko zuzeneko inbertsioa (AZI), bai herrialdera sartzen dena eta bai herrialdetik ateratzen dena, garrantzi handikoa da herrialde baten ekonomiarako, hazkunde ekonomikoa lortzen, enplegua sortzen, teknologia transferitzen eta mugaz haraindiko balio kateetan eta nazioarteko espazio ekonomikoetan integratzen laguntzen duelako. Hori jakinik, “Euskal ekonomiako eta bertako enpresetako atzerriko zuzeneko inbertsioaren analisia” txostenak Euskal Autonomia Erkidegora sartzen den eta bertatik ateratzen den zuzeneko inbertsioa ditu aztergai. Horretarako, 2014-2021 aldiko datu agregatuak erabili ditu eta atzerriko entitateek eskuratu zituzten euskal enpresa batzuen kasuak aztertu ditu. Amaitzeko, policy makerrentzat zenbait gomendio ematen dira, herrialdera sartzen den atzerriko zuzeneko inbertsioan eragina duten elementuei buruz.
Investigating the Potential Effects of CBD in Vitro
Authors: Reagan Allison
Published: April 2024

Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation play a role in the pathogenesis of many diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Oxidative stress occurs when there is an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells and tissues and not enough antioxidant elements to eliminate them. In order to protect against oxidative stress, cells activate the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) pathway. Nrf2 is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of antioxidant enzymes, which can protect the cellfrom ROS. Here we focus on the therapeutic potential of cannabidiol (CBD) to mitigate oxidative stress in both microglial and peripheral macrophage cell lines by way of the Nrf2 pathway. We show that CBD can increase Nrf2 protein levels within the cell and thus may be a therapeutic for oxidative stress-related diseases. We also explore the relationship between oxidative stress and inflammation, specifically the NF-kB inflammatory pathway, in the context of Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
O metodach diagnozowania anomii w otępieniu alzheimerowskim
Authors: Antczak-Kujawin Justyna
Published: April 2024

About methods of diagnosing anomy in Alzheimer’s dementia In the dissertation, the term of naming disorder diagnosing concerning people suffering from Alzheimer’s disease has been described. The author’s proposals of anomie diagnosis methods that can be useful in speech therapy test of lexical and semantic skills in the elderly people have been presented. The procedure of speech disorders diagnosing during the process of senior disorders have been presented. Besides, the importance of lexical and semantic speech disorders in people suffering from Alzheimer’s disease has been emphasized. Moreover, aiming at explaining the mechanism of access to lexical scope and the process of names updating (searching), various models of language processing and mental lexicon organization have been thoroughly elaborated.
Ocena kompetencji i sprawności interakcyjnych, komunikacyjnych i językowych pacjentki z postępującą afazją niepłynną
Authors: Gliwa Renata
Published: April 2024

This article assesses the competences and interactive, communication and language skills (with particular emphasis on lexical-semantic skills) of patients diagnosed with primary non-fluent aphasia and deep dementia. The comparison was made to indicate disproportions in the field of preserved abilities and deficits in the area of abovementioned abilities and to show the necessity of using detailed speech therapy in the discussed type and degree of dementia. It is necessary to be able to support islet-preserved selected cognitive functions for as long as possible, and thus to have the possibility of contact with the sick for as long as possible, improving the comfort of his and his caregivers’ lives. The article uses research material about a 76-year-old woman.
Wiedza glottodydaktyczna w służbie logopedii międzykulturowej
Authors: Biernacka Michalina
Published: April 2024

The developing intercultural speech therapy is supported by Polish language glottodidactics. It is worth considering the experience of many years of teaching Polish as a foreign/second/inherited language as well as the language of school education in the process of diagnosis and therapy. The aim of this paper is to answer the question: how glottodidactic knowledge can be useful in the daily work of a speech therapist? It will be discussed how the developed teaching methods and techniques may be useful in the context of the speech therapist’s work.
Podstawowe założenia glottodydaktyki Bronisława Rocławskiego i jej interdyscyplinarne zastosowanie w nauczaniu początkowym i logopedii – przegląd literatury przedmiotowej
Authors: Rocławska-Daniluk Małgorzata , Kisiel Weronika
Published: April 2024

The system (or otherwise: method) of Bronisław Rocławski’s glottodydactics has been described in many scientific publications. An overview of selected scientific studies on this subject published in Poland after 1996 presents the most important glottodydactics topics. In the summary, the authors made insights about the education crisis, as well as positive attitudes to support.
Rozpoznawanie sytuacji językowej dziecka dwu- i wielojęzycznego z wykorzystaniem logopedycznego kwestionariusza rozpoznania sytuacji językowej dziecka w perspektywie wielojęzyczności i wielokulturowości
Authors: Zawadka Joanna , Kurowska Marlena , Sadowska Elżbieta
Published: April 2024

In the article, we present the assumptions of the Logopedyczny kwestionariusz rozpoznania sytuacji językowej dziecka w perspektywie wielojęzyczności i wielokulturowości (Zawadka, Kurowska, Sadowska, in print), which is a tool supporting an in-depth parent interview for initial speech and language evaluation in the event of suspected difficulties in developing speech and language in children growing up in a multilingual and multicultural environment.
Polisemantyzmy werbalne w zasobie leksykalnym dzieci przedszkolnych
Authors: Ejsmunt-Wieczorek Izabela
Published: April 2024

This is another article in the series devoted to the word formation of the verb in speech ontogenesis. This time, the issue of terminological complexities related to the phenomenon of ambiguity in language was raised. Additonally, the polisemy-neosemantism relationship in the lexical resource of kindergarten children was shown, and an attempt was made to determine whether, in case of preschool children speech, we can talk about verbal lexical polisemy or only about neologisation (neosemanisation) of the language.