bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of a Sabin-Strain Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine Response to a Circulating Type 2 Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Event in Sichuan Province, China 2019-2021
Authors: Yang Hong , Qi Qi , Zhang Yong , Wen Ning , Cao Lei , Liu Yu , Fan Chunxiang , Yan Dongmei , Zhu Xiaoping , Hao Lixin , Zhu Shuangli , Ma Qianli , Liu Jiajie , Ma Chao , Nan Lei , Chen Yong , Ma Xiaozhen , Chen Na , Deng Kun , Shao Ge , Ding Xianxiang , An Zhijie , Rodewald Lance E. , Li Xiaolei , Wang Dongyan , Zhu Hui , Wang Huaqing , Feng Zijian , Xu Wenbo , Zhou Jiushun , Yin Zundong ,   China cVDPV2 Response Experts Group, Yang Weizhong , Li Qun , Luo Huiming , Xu Aiqiang , Fang Fang
Published: January 2023

Importance

The Sabin-strain inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) may be a tool for polio outbreak response in certain situations.

Objective

To investigate the response to a type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV2) outbreak.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This case series was conducted in China after a VDPV2 was detected in stool specimens from a child with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) in Sichuan Province in 2019, 3 years after the global withdrawal of live, attenuated type 2 oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). Investigation followed National Health Commission and World Health Organization guidance and included searching hospitals for unreported AFP cases; testing stool specimens from the child, his contacts, and local children; enhanced environmental surveillance for VDPV2s in wastewater; and measuring vaccination coverage. Sabin-strain IPV campaigns were conducted in a wide geographic area.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Any VDPV2 detection after completion of the supplementary immunization activities.

Results

A 28-nucleotide-change VDPV2 was isolated from a young boy. Three VDPV2s were detected in healthy children; 2 were contacts of the original child, and none had paralysis. A search of 31 million hospital records found 10 unreported AFP cases; none were polio. No type 2 polioviruses were found in wastewater. Prior to the event, polio vaccine coverage was 65% among children younger than 5 years. Sabin-strain IPV campaigns reached more than 97% of targeted children, administering 1.4 million doses. No transmission source was identified. More than 1 year of enhanced poliovirus environmental and AFP surveillance detected no additional VDPVs.

Conclusions and Relevance

These findings suggest that the circulating VPDV2 outbreak in 2019 was associated with low vaccine coverage. An investigation discovered 3 infected but otherwise healthy children and no evidence of the virus in wastewater. Following Sabin-strain IPV–only campaigns expanding from county to prefecture, the poliovirus was not detected, and the outbreak response was considered by an expert panel and the World Health Organization to have been successful. This success suggests that the Sabin-strain IPV may be a useful tool for responding to circulating VDPV2 outbreaks when high-quality supplementary immunization activities can be conducted and carefully monitored in settings with good sanitation.
Femtosecond Laser 4D Printing of Light‐Driven Intelligent Micromachines
Authors: Deng Chunsan , Liu Yuncheng , Fan Xuhao , Jiao Binzhang , Zhang Zexu , Zhang Mingduo , Chen Fayu , Gao Hui , Deng Leimin , Xiong Wei
Published: January 2023

Intelligent micromachines that respond to external light stimuli have a broad range of potential applications, such as microbots, biomedicine, and adaptive optics. However, artificial light‐driven intelligent micromachines with a low actuation threshold, rapid responsiveness, and designable and precise 3D transformation capability remain unachievable to date. Here, a single‐material and one‐step 4D printing strategy are proposed to enable the nanomanufacturing of agile and low‐threshold light‐driven 3D micromachines with programmable shape‐morphing characteristics. The as‐developed carbon nanotube‐doped composite hydrogel simultaneously enhanced the light absorption, thermal conductivity, and mechanical modulus of the crosslinked network, thus significantly increasing the light sensitivity and response speed of micromachines. Moreover, the structural design and assembly of asymmetric microscale mechanical metamaterial unit cells enable the highly efficient additive nanomanufacturing of 3D shape‐morphable micromachines with large dynamic modulation and spatiotemporal controllability. Using this strategy, the world's smallest artificial beating heart with programmable light‐stimulus responsiveness for the cardiac cycle is successfully printed. This 4D printing method paves the way for the construction of multifunctional intelligent micromachines for bionics, drug delivery, integrated microsystems, and other fields.
High‐Entropy Enhanced Microwave Attenuation in Titanate Perovskites
Authors: Zhao Biao , Yan Zhikai , Du Yiqian , Rao Longjun , Chen Guanyu , Wu Yuyang , Yang Liting , Zhang Jincang , Wu Limin , Zhang David Wei , Che Renchao
Published: January 2023

High‐entropy oxides (HEOs), which incorporate multiple‐principal cations into single‐phase crystals and interact with diverse metal ions, extend the border for available compositions and unprecedented properties. Herein, a high‐entropy‐stabilized (Ca0.2Sr0.2Ba0.2La0.2Pb0.2)TiO3 perovskite is reported, and the effective absorption bandwidth (90% absorption) improves almost two times than that of BaTiO3. The results demonstrate that the regulation of entropy configuration can yield significant grain boundaries, oxygen defects, and an ultradense distorted lattice. These characteristics give rise to strong interfacial and defect‐induced polarizations, thus synergistically contributing to the dielectric attenuation performance. Moreover, the large strains derived from the strong lattice distortions in the high‐entropy perovskite offer varied transport for electron carriers. The high‐entropy‐enhanced positive/negative charges accumulation around grain boundaries and strain‐concentrated location, quantitatively validated by electron holography, results in unusual dielectric polarization loss. This study opens up an effective avenue for designing strong microwave absorption materials to satisfy the increasingly demanding requirements of advanced and integrated electronics. This work also offers a paradigm for improving other interesting properties for HEOs through entropy engineering.
Evaporated Self‐Assembled Monolayer Hole Transport Layers: Lossless Interfaces in p‐i‐n Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Farag Ahmed , Feeney Thomas , Hossain Ihteaz M. , Schackmar Fabian , Fassl Paul , Küster Kathrin , Bäuerle Rainer , Ruiz‐Preciado Marco A. , Hentschel Mario , Ritzer David B. , Diercks Alexander , Li Yang , Nejand Bahram Abdollahi , Laufer Felix , Singh Roja , Starke Ulrich , Paetzold Ulrich W.
Published: January 2023

Engineering of the interface between perovskite absorber thin films and charge transport layers has fueled the development of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) over the past decade. For p‐i‐n PSCs, the development and adoption of hole transport layers utilizing self‐assembled monolayers (SAM‐HTLs) based on carbazole functional groups with phosphonic acid anchoring groups has enabled almost lossless contacts, minimizing interfacial recombination to advance power conversion efficiency in single‐junction and tandem solar cells. However, so far these materials have been deposited exclusively via solution‐based methods. Here, for the first time, vacuum‐based evaporation of the most common carbazole‐based SAM‐HTLs (2PACz, MeO‐2PACz, and Me‐4PACz) is reported. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy demonstrate no observable chemical differences in the evaporated SAMs compared to solution‐processed counterparts. Consequently, the near lossless interfacial properties are either preserved or even slightly improved as demonstrated via photoluminescence measurements and an enhancement in open‐circuit voltage. Strikingly, applying evaporated SAM‐HTLs to complete PSCs demonstrates comparable performance to their solution‐processed counterparts. Furthermore, vacuum deposition is found to improve perovskite wetting and fabrication yield on previously non‐ideal materials (namely Me‐4PACz) and to display conformal and high‐quality coating of micrometer‐sized textured surfaces, improving the versatility of these materials without sacrificing their beneficial properties.
Chronic myeloid leukemia without major molecular response after 2 years of treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitor
Authors: Bidikian Aram , Jabbour Elias , Issa Ghayas C. , Short Nicholas J. , Sasaki Koji , Kantarjian Hagop
Published: January 2023

Achieving major molecular response (MMR) with BCR::ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is associated with lower chances of progression to advanced phase disease and higher chances of treatment‐free remission (TFR) in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Failure to achieve this molecular milestone after 1 year has been highlighted as “suboptimal” or “warning” sign of treatment failure in CML guidelines and recommendations and implied to predict a poor long‐term outcome. In this analysis, we report the long‐term outcome of 131 patients who did not achieve MMR within the first 2 years of TKI therapy. Patients who achieved a major cytogenetic response (MCyR; roughly equivalent to BCR::ABL1 transcript levels on the International Scale [IS] <10%) had good long‐term overall survival (OS) (10‐year OS of 88%) and CML‐related overall survival (CML‐OS) (10‐year CML‐OS of 95%). The achievement of MCyR within the first 2 years of treatment predicted a better OS (HR = 0.43, p = .03). The value of MMR was even less pronounced among patients aged 60 years or older at diagnosis, in whom mortality was primarily due to comorbidities unrelated to CML (10‐year OS of 55% vs. 10‐year CML‐OS of 100%). In conclusion, achievement of MCyR within 2 years is a reasonable milestone in CML, and these patients can still have good outcomes even when MMR is not achieved.
Interfacial adhesion of immiscible component polymers of isoprene rubber and α‐olefin copolymer by chemical reaction using peroxide crosslinking agent
Authors: Komori Yuka , Sunagawa Masanori , Shibata Haruhisa , Goto Shinya , Saito Hiromu
Published: January 2023

We investigated the interfacial adhesion of immiscible component polymers of isoprene rubber (IR) and α‐olefin copolymer (αOC) by chemical reaction using peroxide crosslinking agent which was used for the crosslinking of IR. Fibrillar structure of the IR elongated from the αOC domains was observed by scanning electron microscope and the tensile stress of the IR was enhanced without sacrifice of the excellent elongation in the two‐phase blends of IR and αOC obtained after crosslinking reaction, suggesting that adhesion exists at the interface. The confocal‐Raman imaging of the bilayer films of IR and αOC revealed that mixed layer having a distance about 358 nm was formed at the interface by the chemical reaction. Owing to the existence of the mixed layer at the interface, the adhesion strength was larger as the mixed layer at the interface was thicker. Thus interfacial adhesion exists in the immiscible component polymers of IR and αOC by the chemical reaction and the tensile stress was enhanced without sacrifice of the excellent elongation.
Enhanced Li‐ion conductivity of Li7La3Zr2O12 by simultaneous substitution of aluminum and niobium using a modified sol–gel method
Authors: Kim Jin Won , Digol James L. , Bong Sungyool , Lee Jaeyoung
Published: January 2023

By increasing technical demand for long‐lasting and safer batteries against thermal explosion, garnet‐type cubic phase Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) is a promising solid electrolyte as a next‐generation advanced battery. In this work, we studied Al and Nb co‐doped Li6.25–yAl0.25La3Zr2–yNbyO12 (0 ≤ y ≤ 0.30) electrolytes prepared using a modified sol–gel method. X‐ray diffraction and electrochemical analyses probed the synergistic effect of Al and Nb simultaneous substitution on the microstructure and ionic conductivity. In conclusion, an optimal amount of Al and Nb enhances densification and ionic conductivity, and then Li6Al0.25La3Zr1.75Nb0.25O12 achieves the highest relative density of 94% and total ionic conductivity of 5.41 × 104 S cm−1 at 30°C.
Study on sodium storage properties of manganese‐doped sodium vanadium phosphate cathode materials
Authors: Li Wei , Li Junpeng , Li Ranran , Li Xiaolei , Gao Jian , Hao Shu‐Meng , Zhou Weidong
Published: January 2023

Na+ superionic conductor (NASICON)‐structured Na4VMn(PO4)3 (NVMP) possesses stable cycling performance at 2.5–3.8 V by replacing V with lower cost Mn but suffers rapid capacity decay when further widening the voltage to 2.5–4.2 V, owing to a less stable V4+/V5+ redox couple. Herein, to stabilize the V4+/V5+ couple and improve the reversibility, a series of carbon‐coated NVMP (NVMP@C) with different V/Mn ratios are compared, among which, Na3.25V1.75Mn0.25(PO4)3@C delivers an additional reversible V4+/V5+ capacity of 7 mAh g−1 at the voltage of 3.9–4.2 V. Based on this, to further activate the capacity of V4+/V5+, Al‐doped Na3.25V1.75−yMn0.25Aly(PO4)3 structures are synthesized. When 0.5 Al is doped, 15 mAh g−1 capacity corresponding to V4+/V5+ can be released. In addition, it is found that the activation of V4+/V5+ is not conducive to electrochemical reversibility and C‐rate performance, owing to the shrinkage of the whole framework structure with the oxidization of V4+ to V5+.
Distribution of the intramuscular innervation of the triceps brachii: Clinical importance in the treatment of spasticity with botulinum neurotoxin
Authors: Yi Kyu‐Ho , Lee Ji‐Hyun , Hur Hye‐Won , Lee Hyung‐Jin , Choi You‐Jin , Kim Hee‐Jin
Published: January 2023

This study aimed to identify ideal sites for botulinum toxin injection by analyzing the intramuscular nerve patterns of the triceps brachii muscles. A modified Sihler's method was applied to the triceps brachii muscle (15 specimens), with long, medial, and lateral heads. The intramuscular arborization areas of the long, medial, and lateral heads of the triceps brachii muscle were measured as a percentage of the total distance from the midpoint of the olecranon (0%) to the anteroinferior point of the acromion (100%), by dividing the medial and lateral parts based on the line connecting the midpoint of the olecranon and the anteroinferior point of the acromion. Intramuscular arborization patterns were observed at the long head at two medial regions, proximally 30%–50% and distally 60%–70%; medial head of 30%–40%; and lateral head of 30%–60%. These results suggest that the treatment of spasticity of the triceps brachii muscles involves botulinum toxin injections in specific areas. The areas corresponding to the areas of maximum arborization are recommended as the most effective and safe points for botulinum toxin injection.
Surgical revascularization for severe spasm in the left main coronary artery
Authors: Sugiyama Kayo , Fujimoto Masanobu , Watanuki Hirotaka , Matsuyama Katsuhiko
Published: January 2023

A 46‐year‐old woman who presented with severe stenosis with endothelial damage caused by recurrent spasm in the left main coronary artery received medical therapy. However, she developed severe coronary artery spasm, resulting in circulatory collapse, which was successfully treated with coronary artery bypass grafting.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution and Antibacterial Activities of Ternary Chevrel Phases
Authors: Genc Acar Eminegul , Kuru Talha , Sarilmaz Adem , Aksoy Çekceoğlu İlknur , Yanalak Gizem , Aslan Emre , Süleyman Özel Sultan , Karanfil Kaçmaz Gamze , Özel Faruk , Hatay Patir Imren
Published: January 2023

Chevrel phases consisted of abundant materials, are of great interest in a variety of energy conversion and storage technologies because of unique structural and electronic features. Herein, crystalline Mn2Mo6S8, Fe2Mo6S8 and Cu2Mo6S8 Chevrel phases with cubic shapes and homogeneous atomic distribution have been synthesized by solid state method and characterized by advanced analytical techniques. These Chevrel phase catalysts have been investigated for the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution in eosin‐Y and triethanolamine media as sensitizer and sacrificial agent, respectively, under visible light irradiation. Mn2Mo6S8 showed the highest photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity, which is 2.5‐fold and 3‐fold greater than that of Fe2Mo6S8 and Cu2Mo6S8, respectively. The photocatalytic activity differences of Chevrel phase catalysts can be explained by atomic properties of Mn, Fe and Cu metals. Moreover, the antibacterial efficiencies of Mn2Mo6S8, Fe2Mo6S8 and Cu2Mo6S8 have been also examined on Gram‐negative Escherichia coli and Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus, as model microorganisms. Accordingly, Mn2Mo6S8 exhibited physical membrane damages such as dents, wrinkled cells and cell elongation and has the most superior antibacterial activity under NIR irradiation.
Large Temperature‐Jump and Nanosecond Hyperquenching for Time‐Resolved Structural Studies
Authors: Cherepanov Alexey V. , Schwalbe Harald
Published: January 2023

The quest for atomic structures of microsecond reaction intermediates is at the frontline of modern biochemistry. Currently, there is a clear lack of experimental methods for preparing necessary time‐resolved samples. Here, we report the development of a single‐turnover technique for nanosecond initiation and suspension of biomolecular reactions with kinetic resolution in the microsecond time domain. Reactions can be started by large temperature‐jump or direct mixing and arrested by hyperquenching in liquid cryogen at a target temperature of 77 K. Diverse morphology of nanoscale glassy bodies feature among others thin field‐of‐view plane sheets that can be used for structure analyses of freeze‐trapped macromolecules by transmission electron cryomicroscopy. We also report the ultra‐high vacuum sublimation at 77 K – a novel method for concentrating reaction intermediates for structural studies by low‐temperature techniques.
Whole‐body MRI surveillance in TP53 carriers is perceived as beneficial with no increase in cancer worry regardless of previous cancer: Data from the Swedish TP53 Study
Authors: Omran Meis , Johansson Hemming , Lundgren Claudia , Silander Gustav , Stenmark‐Askmalm Marie , Loman Niklas , Baan Annika , Adra Jamila , Kuchinskaya Ekaterina , Blomqvist Lennart , Tham Emma , Bajalica‐Lagercrantz Svetlana , Brandberg Yvonne ,   the Swedish Clinical TP53 Study Group (SweClinTP53)
Published: January 2023

Background

To evaluate the psychosocial consequences of surveillance with whole‐body MRI (WB‐MRI) in individuals with the heritable TP53‐related cancer (hTP53rc) syndrome, also known as the Li‐Fraumeni syndrome, with regard to cancer worry, perceived benefits and risks to surveillance and overall health.

Patients and methods

Since 2016, the national Swedish TP53 Study (SWEP53) has offered surveillance with WB‐MRI to all individuals with hTP53rc syndrome. Seventy‐five individuals have been included in the study. Sixty consecutive participants fulfilled a base‐line evaluation as well as an evaluation after 1 year with structured questionnaires including the Cancer Worry Scale (CWS), perceived benefits and risks of surveillance, and the 36‐item Short Form Survey (SF‐36). Individuals with or without previous personal cancer diagnosis were enrolled and results at baseline and after 1 year of surveillance were compared. For SF‐36, a comparison with the normal population was also made.

Results

Participants with previous cancer tend to worry more about cancer, but both individuals with and without cancer had a positive attitude toward surveillance with no differences regarding perceived benefits and barriers to surveillance. Participants with a previous cancer scored significantly lower on some of the SF‐36 subscales, but between‐group differences were found only for social functioning after 1 year.

Conclusions

Surveillance with WB‐MRI is feasible from a psychosocial point of view both among TP53 carriers with as well as without a previous history of cancer and does not increase cancer worry in any of the groups.

Plain language summary

Individuals with heritable TP53‐related cancer syndrome (also known as the Li‐Fraumeni syndrome) have a high lifetime risk of developing cancer.

These TP53 carriers are offered surveillance with whole‐body MRI to detect cancer early. There are few reports of the psychosocial impact of surveillance.

In this study, we wanted to evaluate cancer worry, benefits and barriers to participation, and perceived overall health.

Our study shows no increase in cancer worry after 1 year of surveillance, regardless of previous cancer.
Development and application of an agent‐based model for the simulation of the extravasation process of circulating tumor cells
Authors: Schneider Kay M. , Giehl Klaudia , Baeurle Stephan A.
Published: January 2023

The primary cause for cancer‐related death is metastasis, and although this phenomenon is the hallmark of cancer, it remains poorly understood. Since studies on the underlying mechanisms are still demanding by experimental means prognostic tools based on computer models can be of great value, not only for elucidating metastasis formation but also for assessing the prospective benefits as well as risks of a therapy for patients with advanced cancer. Here, we present an agent‐based model (ABM), describing the complete process of platelet‐assisted extravasation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from the chemoattraction of blood platelets by the CTCs up to the embedding of the CTCs in the epithelial tissue by computational means. From the simulation results, we conclude that the ABM produces results in consistency with experimental observations, which opens new perspectives for the development of computer models for predicting the efficacity of drug‐based tumor therapies and assisting precision medicine approaches.
Safety‐Related Drug Label Changes Following Large Post‐Marketing Cardiometabolic Trials: A Review of European Public Assessment Reports
Authors: Starokozhko Viktoriia , Tarrahi Fatima , Vrijlandt Patrick J.W.S. , Mol Peter G.M.
Published: January 2023

Selective safety data collection may simplify late‐stage clinical trials and improve their feasibility. However, the impact on increasing overall drug safety knowledge is unknown. The aim of this study is to evaluate how much safety information is added to the drug label based on large trials after initial authorization. Changes made to the “undesirable effects” section of the drug label of cardiometabolic agents approved between 2000 and 2020 based on the results of large (> 1,000 patient) clinical trials submitted to the European Medicines Agency (EMA) were evaluated. The study focused on glucose lowering, antithrombotic, and lipid‐modifying agents. The primary outcome was the number of changes in adverse drug reactions in the drug label. The EMA reviewed 55 large trials concerning 25 cardiometabolic agents after the initial marketing authorization, which included 402,444 patients. Ultimately, 38 trials (69%) resulted in a safety section update, whereas 17 trials (31%) did not. Changes in listed adverse drug reactions were made following 19 trials (35%) for 12 agents: 77 adverse drug reactions were added, 11 were deleted, and the frequencies of 43 were changed. Most changes in adverse drug reactions arose from trials with antithrombotic agents (88%) and trials performed in a new population (92%). Large trials for cardiometabolic agents reported after authorization add limited new safety information on adverse drug reactions, especially when performed in the population studied prior to approval. This suggests that selective safety data collection does not reduce learnings from late stage cardiometabolic trials in populations comprehensively studied before.
Preparation of Efficient Organic Solar Cells Based on Terpolymer Donors via a Monomer‐Ratio Insensitive Side‐Chain Hybridization Strategy
Authors: Bin Haijun , Li Junyu , Caiazzo Alessandro , Wienk Martijn M. , Li Yongfang , Janssen René A. J.
Published: January 2023

Creating new donor materials is crucial for further advancing organic solar cells. Random terpolymers have been adopted to overcome shortcomings of regular alternating donor–acceptor (D‐A) polymers of which the performance is often susceptible to batch‐to‐batch variations. In general, the properties and performance of efficient D1‐A‐D2‐A and D‐A1‐D‐A2 terpolymers are sensitive to the D1/D2 or A1/A2 monomer ratios. Side‐chain hybridization is a strategy to address this problem. Here, six D1‐A‐D2‐A‐type random terpolymers comprising D1 and D2 monomers with the same π‐conjugated D unit but with different side chains were synthesized. The side chains, containing either fluorine or trialkylsilyl substituents were chosen to provide near‐identical optoelectronic properties but provide a tool to create a better‐optimized film morphology when blended with a non‐fullerene acceptor. This strategy allows improving the device performance to over 18 %, higher than that obtained with the corresponding D1‐A or D2‐A bipolymers (around 17 %). Hence, side‐chain hybridization is a promising strategy to design efficient D1‐A‐D2‐A terpolymer donors that are insensitive to the D1/D2 monomer ratio, which is beneficial for the scaled‐up synthesis of high‐performance materials.
Characterizing the role of Pdgfra in calvarial development
Authors: Umar Meenakshi , Bartoletti Garrett , Dong Chunmin , Gahankari Apurva , Browne Danielle , Deng Alastair , Jaramillo Josue , Sammarco Mimi , Simkin Jennifer , He Fenglei
Published: January 2023

Background

Mammalian calvarium is composed of flat bones developed from two origins, neural crest, and mesoderm. Cells from both origins exhibit similar behavior but express distinct transcriptomes. It is intriguing to ask whether genes shared by both origins play similar or distinct roles in development. In the present study, we have examined the role of Pdgfra, which is expressed in both neural crest and mesoderm, in specific lineages during calvarial development.

Results

We found that in calvarial progenitor cells, Pdgfra is needed to maintain normal proliferation and migration of neural crest cells but only proliferation of mesoderm cells. Later in calvarial osteoblasts, we found that Pdgfra is necessary for both proliferation and differentiation of neural crest‐derived cells, but not for differentiation of mesoderm‐derived cells. We also examined the potential interaction between Pdgfra and other signaling pathway involved in calvarial osteoblasts but did not identify significant alteration of Wnt or Hh signaling activity in Pdgfra genetic models.

Conclusions

Pdgfra is required for normal calvarial development in both neural crest cells and mesoderm cells, but these lineages exhibit distinct responses to alteration of Pdgfra activity.
Evaluation and optimization of an eDNA metabarcoding assay for detection of freshwater myxozoan communities
Authors: Lisnerová Martina , Holzer Astrid , Blabolil Petr , Fiala Ivan
Published: January 2023

The environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding approach has become a useful tool for detecting the species diversity of different animal groups, including parasites. Myxozoa (Malacosporea and Myxosporea) represent a unique group of morphologically simplified endoparasites that mainly infest fish and whose diversity remains largely unexplored. Metabarcoding of DNA from the aquatic environment is a promising non‐invasive method that allows us to assess myxozoan biodiversity at a given site. This is essential not only for describing myxozoan communities, but also for the development of disease control methods. Using an alignment of 330 sequences, we employed in silico PCR to score primer pairs, designed to amplify the V4 region of the SSU rDNA of different myxosporean sublineages comprising the entire diversity of oligochaete‐infecting (freshwater) myxosporeans. We selected eight clade‐specific primer sets for metabarcoding, avoiding amplification of DNA from other organisms present in eutrophic freshwaters. The metabarcoding approach used in the analysis of eDNA sediment samples detected a high myxosporean diversity even in small sample volumes (in total 44 OTUs). Furthermore, metabarcoding analysis of myxosporeans in fish tissue samples selected for primer testing revealed 91 different myxosporean OTUs, more than double the number obtained by classical PCR screening and Sanger sequencing with general myxozoan primers and almost seven times higher detection than by microscopic examination. Our results further suggest quantitative sampling requirements for realistic future diversity estimates by comparing OTUs from fish tissue metabarcoding and eDNA samples. The use of specific primer sets enabled the detection of a high proportion of myxosporean reads (63–100%) in all datasets, even in highly eutrophic habitats. This shows our metabarcoding approach as an excellent tool for non‐invasive and sensitive detection of myxosporean biodiversity in aquatic sediments, potentially useful for monitoring myxozoan disease agents that threaten economically important fish in aquaculture.
The method of turbulent transformation of energy
Authors: Ashcheulov Anatoly , Derevianchuk Mykola , Lavreniuk Dmytro
Published: January 2023

Currently, new methods of energy transformation are of interest. The results of the researches in the directions of anisotropic transformation of electric energy show that the existing devices are characterized by a small coefficient of transformation. This is primarily due to the use of unipolar anisotropic materials and the appearance, as a result, in their volumes the electric vortices that are characterized by a laminar flow. This article proposes a new method of energy transformation, which is carried out by means of vortices with turbulent character of flow. According to our studies, such vortices appear in devices working on the basis of bipolar anisotropic materials. Depending on the characteristics of such material, they can be used as generators of electricity, heat, and cold. Their work is based on the transformation of the electric current by the bipolar anisotropic electric conductive medium and their further interaction with the external energy environment. These anisotropic materials in selected crystallographic directions are characterized by different p‐ and n‐types of conductivity providing the presence of ohmic contact between the layers. The leakage of the external electrical current of the sinusoidal form through this rectangular plate causes the appearance in its volume the electric current vortices with turbulent character of the current. For the first time it is shown that such a method of energy transformation is an effective mechanism that transfers energy between the external environment and the anisotropic plate.
A cross‐sectional study comparing the inflammatory profile of menstrual effluent vs. peripheral blood
Authors: Naseri Sara , Rosenberg‐Hasson Yael , Maecker Holden T. , Avrutsky Maria I. , Blumenthal Paul D.
Published: January 2023

Background and Aims

Cytokine profiles of peripheral blood and other bodily fluids provide diagnostic indicators for assessing inflammatory processes. Menstrual effluent may provide a noninvasive source of biological material for monitoring cytokine levels in blood and in endometrial tissues. This pilot study investigated the potential of measuring cytokines in menstrual effluent, and compared the cytokine profiles of menstrual versus peripheral blood.

Methods

Seven healthy donors (aged ≥18 and ≤45 years) collected menstrual effluent on day 2 of menses. Matched peripheral blood samples were collected by venous blood draw on the same day. Levels of 62 cytokines were measured in all samples by 62‐plex Luminex assay.

Results

Peripheral blood and menstrual effluent cytokine profiles were tenuously correlated (r2 = 0.26, p < 0.0001), with higher levels detected in menstrual effluent for 48/62 cytokines. Thirty five cytokines were significantly elevated in menstrual effluent compared to peripheral blood samples (IL‐8, CCL2, CCL4, LIF, IL‐1RA, IL‐6, IL‐1β, HGF, CCL3, FGF‐2, TNF‐α, VEGF‐A, IL‐1α, CXCL1, IL‐9, IL‐10, EGF, CXCL5, CSF3, EOTAXIN, TGF‐α, TRAIL, CXCL10, VEGF‐D, IL‐12P40, CXCL9, IL‐18 RESISTIN, IL‐22, IL‐21, CSF1, IFN‐γ, IL‐17A, CXCL12, IL‐12p70). Two cytokines (LEPTIN, CSF2) were expressed at significantly lower levels in menstrual effluent compared to peripheral blood. Linear regression of individual cytokines found low predictive power (linear regression p > 0.05) for 53/62 cytokines in menstrual effluent versus peripheral blood. Levels of TGF‐β (r2 = 0.87, p = 0.002) and CCL7 (r2 = 0.63, p = 0.033) were significantly positively correlated between matched menstrual and peripheral blood samples.

Conclusion

In this group of study participants, the cytokine profile of menstrual effluent was quantitatively distinct from peripheral blood, and also characterized by higher levels of inflammatory signaling. This pattern of comparative menstrual blood cytokine profiles points to a need for further studies to evaluate the relationship between peripheral and menstrual blood cytokines in broader populations including both healthy and diseased states.
Exploring psychological well‐being in business and economics arena: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Ambhore Satish , Ofori Elvis K.
Published: January 2023

Background

Recent events like the global pandemic and geopolitics leading to war bring to bear the evergreen importance of psychological well‐being (PWB) among workers and how it can further influence business growth and performance. Furthermore, the complexity of today's job requirements has created enormous life pressures for individuals, negatively hurting their PWB.

Method

This article took the format of a literature review of existing research work by pursuing the keywords in the SCOPUS database to retrieve the articles published on PWB in the field of business and economics from 1978 to 2022. The data were analyzed to elaborate, interpret and graphically display the results, in particular, authors, sources, documents, and social structure of the existing bibliography. The Bibliometrix R package is used for robust analysis of retrieved data.

Results

The findings showed that the last decade saw a rise in scholarly work on PWB. However, in 2021, its sharp expansion stalled. It further revealed that academics from four countries had a significant role in accessing PWB in the business and economics fields, namely the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, and Canada. The reports also indicate themes such as mental health, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), and depression are emerging themes, whereas niche themes include unemployment, quality of life, and job loss.

Conclusion

This study suggests these new areas be studied in contemporary literature to provide cogent room to improve policy decisions on PWB within the business world.
An oral French maritime pine bark extract improves hair density in menopausal women: A randomized, placebo‐controlled, double blind intervention study
Authors: Cai Carr , Zeng Bill , Lin Lydia , Zheng Miranda , Burki Carolina , Grether‐Beck Susanne , Krutmann Jean
Published: January 2023

Background and Aims

Female pattern hair loss affects females of all ages with a trend to increase after menopause. This disorder may have significant psychological impact and lead to anxiety and depression.

Objective

In a single center, double blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled study, the effects of oral Pycnogenol® intake (3 × 50 mg/day for a total of 6 months) on hair density, scalp microcirculation, and a variety of skin physiological parameters was studied in Han Chinese menopausal women (N = 76) in Shanghai, China.

Methods

Measurements were taken at the beginning and after 2 and 6 months, respectively. Hair density was determined by digital photographs and further evaluated by Trichoscan software. Transepidermal water loss was measured by a humidity sensor in a closed chamber on the skin surface. Changes in microcirculation were detected as resting flux on the scalp by reflection photoplethysmography.

Results

Pycnogenol® intake significantly increased hair density by 30% and 23% after 2 and 6 months of treatment, respectively, as detected by Trichoscan® evaluation of digital photographs. Interestingly, photoplethysmography revealed that this beneficial effect was associated with a decrease in resting flux of the scalp skin, which might indicate an improvement of microcirculation. None of these effects were observed in the placebo taking group. In addition, a significant transient decrease of transepidermal water loss was observed in scalp skin under Pycnogenol,® but not placebo treatment.

Conclusion

Oral intake of Pycnogenol® might have the potential to reduce hair loss in postmenopausal women.
On the effect of the transversal aspect ratio on the double‐glazed solar air heater performance
Authors: Mzad Hocine , Bennour Fethi
Published: January 2023

The transversal aspect ratio of solar air heaters (SAHs) is a critical geometric parameter that influences the heat transfer from the absorber plate to the working fluid and, accordingly, the overall heat loss level. The present work addresses the effect of the aspect ratio on the performance of a solar air heating system and the behavior of heat transfer coefficients (HTCs) within it and along the flow channel. A mathematical model of energy‐balance equations was formulated to examine and analyze the double‐glazed solar air heater thermal behavior. The Eismann correlation, which is more accurate than Holland's correlation, was employed to determine the HTC between the two glass covers. The useful energy, Nusselt number (Nu), efficiency, overall loss, and HTCs as a function of the aspect ratio were evaluated across the collector length. On the basis of the findings, the higher the ratio, the better the efficiency of the SAH. Indeed, increasing the collector's cross‐sectional aspect ratio (r) up to 19 increases useful energy efficiency by more than 87%, Nu by 84%, thermohydraulic efficiency from 0.4 to 0.76, and overall heat loss by 1.15 W/(m2 K). Furthermore, reducing r from 19 to 2 will improve the collector power from 1.855 to 3.473 kW.
Mass transfer of viscous gas flow over porous stretching/shrinking sheet in the presence of slip and mass transpiration
Authors: Vinaykumar Poorigaly Nanjundaswami , Anusha Thipeswamy , Mahabaleshwar Ulavathi Shetter , Souayeh Basma
Published: January 2023

The effect of the mass transpiration parameter on the viscous gas flow past a porous stretching/shrinking sheet in the presence of Navier's slip is investigated, and also, the mass transfer characteristics are examined. The physical flow problem executes the Navier–Stokes and the mass equation, which forms the system of nonlinear partial differential equations. These are transformed via similarity variables into a system of ordinary differential equations. The slip flow model of the total mass transfer on the moving sheet is modeled by introducing gas slip velocity. The total mass transfer on the moving sheet is modeled by inducing slip models of first and second order. Further, the suction which induces the slip velocity as opposed to the surface movement is examined. The mass suction‐induced slip forces the adjacent gases to flow in the reverse direction to sheet movement. Thus, the solution space expands with the slip‐induced suction and sheet movement. In the mass injection case, the induced slip increases the effect of the fluid flow for sheet movement. Upon all previous flow models, the present investigation is significant due as it investigates the mass transfer of viscous gasses flow past a porous medium in the presence of slip and mass transpiration.
New insights into the mechanisms of high‐fat diet mediated gut microbiota in chronic diseases
Authors: Chen Jiali , Xiao Yuhang , Li Dongmei , Zhang Shiqing , Wu Yingzi , Zhang Qing , Bai Weibin
Published: January 2023

High‐fat diet (HFD) has been recognized as a primary factor in the risk of chronic disease. Obesity, diabetes, gastrointestinal diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular diseases have long been known as chronic diseases with high worldwide incidence. In this review, the influences of gut microbiota and their corresponding bacterial metabolites on the mechanisms of HFD‐induced chronic diseases are systematically summarized. Gut microbiota imbalance is also known to increase susceptibility to diseases. Several studies have proven that HFD has a negative impact on gut microbiota, also exacerbating the course of many chronic diseases through increased populations of Erysipelotrichaceae, facultative anaerobic bacteria, and opportunistic pathogens. Since bile acids, lipopolysaccharide, short‐chain fatty acids, and trimethylamine N‐oxide have long been known as common features of bacterial metabolites, we will explore the possibility of synergistic mechanisms among those metabolites and gut microbiota in the context of HFD‐induced chronic diseases. Recent literature concerning the mechanistic actions of HFD‐mediated gut microbiota have been collected from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. The aim of this review is to provide new insights into those mechanisms and to point out the potential biomarkers of HFD‐mediated gut microbiota.
How can we build human resources (HR) that deliver value? A systematic literature review of traditional and transformational HR roles
Authors: Azam Md. Saiful
Published: January 2023

Over the last two decades, human resource (HR) professionals have been practicing traditional human resource processes in their organizations. However, a good number of HR professionals are struggling to implement a strategic impact on their businesses. They are laboring to shift from old‐fashioned traditional HR practices to transformational processes. This research paper aims to determine the traditional and transformational roles of HR that deliver value to the business when we bridge the gap between them. This study conducts a systematic literature review of articles and books. The study primarily analyzed secondary data, including the previous data derived from prior research studies that the researcher extensively reviewed to understand the traditional and transformational HR roles. This study shows that for HR to deliver business value, the core functions of HR need to integrate and align with the transformational roles of HR, which include HR leadership, HR business partner (HRBP), employee champion, and change agent. Here, a conceptual framework of traditional and transformational HR roles is presented, explaining the linkage between them that build successful HR professionals. The study contributes to the development of the literature on HR.
Understanding the relationship between subclinical depressive symptoms and physical activity in behavioral weight loss treatment
Authors: McCausland Hannah C. , Hagerman Charlotte J. , Ehmann Marny M. , Butryn Meghan L.
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Many adults with overweight or obesity experience subclinical symptoms of depression, but little is known about how such symptoms are associated with physical activity (PA) or the experience of PA during behavioral weight loss (BWL) treatment.

Methods

In the current study, adults recruited from the community (N = 320) received 18 months of group‐based BWL treatment and wore accelerometers at months 0, 6, and 18 to objectively measure PA. Participants with a mood disorder that was not well controlled were not eligible for the study and were referred for individual treatment. Depressive symptoms, PA barriers, discomfort avoidance, and self‐control were self‐reported with validated measures.

Results

At baseline, the majority of participants indicated some depressive symptoms, mostly at subclinical levels. Results of multilevel models suggest that depressive symptoms were not significantly associated with concurrent measures of PA engagement (minutes/week) or sedentary behavior (minutes/week) at a given time point (i.e., baseline, 6 months, or 18 months). Results of cross‐level interactions suggest that baseline depressive symptoms did not moderate the change in PA or sedentary behavior across time. Concurrent depressive symptoms and PA barriers were significantly and positively associated at a given time point (i.e., baseline, 6 months, or 18 months); however, baseline depressive symptoms did not moderate the improvement in perceived PA barriers across time. At baseline, higher discomfort avoidance and lower self‐control each independently and partially mediated the relationship between depressive symptoms and PA barriers.

Conclusion

Results suggest that, among BWL samples in which most participants do not have clinically significant depressive symptoms, the likelihood of adopting and sustaining PA does not depend on the extent of depressive symptoms, but those with elevated symptoms may benefit from approaches that address their perception that engaging in PA is especially challenging.
Have we failed them? Online learning self‐efficacy of physiotherapy students during COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Madi Mohammad , Hamzeh Hayat , Abujaber Sumayeh , Nawasreh Zakariya H.
Published: January 2023

Background & Objective

The use of online learning systems during COVID‐19 pandemic created concerns about students' ability to successfully navigate the online learning environment. This study aims to capture the experience and changes in self‐efficacy of physiotherapy students in Jordan.

Methods

A mixed methods online survey was used. Physiotherapy entry‐level students in public universities completed the online learning self‐efficacy (OLSE) and the academic self‐efficacy (ASE) scales. A free‐entry text box was used to document the factors that augmented or reduced the perceived level of self‐efficacy.

Results

A statistically significant decrease in OLSE (t = 6.043, p < 0.001) and in ASE (t = 3.960, p < 0.001) was identified. Four main qualitative themes were identified, namely: availability of time, resources and learning skills; social and psychological stress; educators' skills and access; and accepting the need for a change.

Conclusion

Contrary to expectations, the findings indicated a decrease in self‐efficacy. This has implications in light of the new direction to formalise online learning in Jordanian higher education institutes post COVID‐19 pandemic. Training educators as well as students on best online learning practices could increase students' perceived efficacy.
Coexistence of Write Once Read Many Resistive Switching with Negative Differential Resistance in Bi‐Rich Bi12FeO20 Ideal Sillenite
Authors: Prakash Chandra , Sahoo Priyambada , Dixit Ambesh
Published: January 2023

The materials showing write once read many (WORM) types of resistive switching characteristics are potential candidates for permanent storage. The negative differential resistance‐based memory devices have the potential to perform like nonlinear systems together with resistive switching simultaneously. The successful synthesis of Bi‐rich Bi12FeO20 sillenite material as phase pure thin film on fluorine tin oxide (FTO) using a solution process together with thermally deposited copper (Cu) as the top contact is demonstrated. Cu/Bi12FeO20/FTO/Glass resistive random‐access memory (RRAM) devices show the WORM characteristics with Ion/Ioff ratio103 and negative differential resistance simultaneously. Further, Bi12FeO20 active material also shows nonvolatile characteristics with analog switching for 200 cycles or more with large retention time, ≈5 × 103 s, and endurance for 103 cycles, substantiating the stability of the device. The space charge limited conduction and Schottky mechanisms explain the formation of a conductive filament in a high resistance state (HRS) and rupturing of a conductive filament in a low resistance state (LRS). The observed negative differential resistance is attributed to trapping, detrapping, and Schottky barrier interface between the top electrode and active layer together with ambient humidity.