bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Safety Management System on Traditional Shipping for Strengthening the Blue Economy
Authors: Wahid Ahmad , Jinca M. Yamin , Rachman Taufiqur , Malisan Johny
Published: September 2023

Traditional Shipping ‘Pelra’ as part of the maritime transportation system is expected to support the concept of blue economy `in order to accelerate the national economy. Pelra, with all its limitations, is still the backbone of the maritime populist economy to support inter-island trade in Indonesia, especially the logistics distribution system services for the Disadvantaged, Outermost, Frontier, and Border Areas (“3TP”)’. Traditional Shipping has not implemented a standardized Safety Management System (SMS) as in National shipping, so it often has accidents. The study analyzed the extent of the opportunity to apply SMS on Pelra ships by considering the characteristics of the water area (shipping lanes and wave conditions), as well as the incidence of accidents. It was found that the size of Pelra ships sailing in East Nusa Tenggara waters is dominated by vessels smaller than GT 100, making it possible to apply SMS. Factors that need to be considered in the implementation so that it is more effective are the resources and personnel (HR) factor, the responsibility and authority of the crew, and the responsibility and authority of authority of the company (Corp).
Design and Development of Performance Rating Apparatus for Cold Room Refrigeration Unit Using Cooling-Load Balance Method
Authors: Tragangoon Arruck , Tontiwattanakul Khemapat , Ngamprukvanit Montri , Serttikul Chayanon
Published: September 2023

Refrigeration systems are composed of many components working together, and their refrigerating capacity depends upon these components constituting the refrigeration system. The design of the refrigeration system does not only consider cooling loads from products but also the operating conditions that change from time to time, especially the ambient temperatures due to global warming and climate change. Therefore, this work aims to develop the apparatus for performance rating of the cold room’s refrigeration unit according to the ASHRAE standard test methods as well as the Eurovent certification programs. The principle of enthalpy change is used to determine the system performance, in general. In this work, the cooling-load balanced method is proposed, which shows a good refrigeration capacity estimation by balancing the cooling load with refrigeration capacity. In addition, the use of an ultrasonic flow meter for refrigerant flow rate measurement is also discussed for additional validation in future works.
Oxalic Acid Pretreatment on Enhancement of Enzymatic Saccharification from Napier Grass for Biofuel Production
Authors: Panyarachun Danipa , Panakkal Elizabeth Jayex , Tawai Atthasit , Rodiahwati Wawat , Paramasivam Baranitharan , Asavasanti Suvaluk , Cheenkachorn Kraipat
Published: September 2023

Thailand as an agricultural country faces significant challenges in managing the abundant biomass waste generated from agricultural activities. Conventional disposal methods such as incineration contribute to pollution and limited availability of landfill space. To mitigate these issues valorization of this biomass waste has been a solution. This study focuses on the utilization of Napier grass as a renewable energy source. In this experiment, the Napier grass samples were pretreated using oxalic acid with temperature variations (50 – 100 °C), time (30 180 min), and oxalic acid concentration (2 10%w/v) to determine the limit of these three factors for optimization studies. The utilization of Box-Behnken Design (BBD) within Response Surface Methodology (RSM) enabled the determination of optimal pretreatment conditions and the exploration of the correlation between pretreatment factors and reducing sugar content. The model predicted pretreatment with an oxalic acid concentration of 6% w/v, pretreated at 100 °C for 105 min as the optimal pretreatment condition to produce a maximum reducing sugar concentration of 10.65 mg/ml. Therefore, the sample was pretreated at optimum conditions and the results revealed the amount of reducing sugar obtained was 10.67 mg/ml, which differed from the predicted value with an error of 0.22%. Thus, this study provides insight for future researchers on the optimum condition that can be applied for pretreating biomass with oxalic acid to maximize the sugar yield.
Process Optimization of Deep Eutectic Solvent Pretreatment of Coffee Husk Biomass
Authors: Areeya Sukunya , Gundupalli Marttin Paulraj , Dharmalingam Babu , Paramasivam Baranitharan , Tantayotai Prapakorn , Yasurin Patchanee , Panakkal Elizabeth Jayex
Published: September 2023

The increased processing of coffee beans has generated huge amount of coffee husk, which are improperly disposed. Inappropriate disposal of coffee husk has led to release of toxic compounds to the environment causing serious environmental concerns. To mitigate the impact of improperly disposed coffee husk, it is suggested for valorisation of the coffee husk. Hence, this study has focussed on identifying the potential of coffee husk in maximizing the sugar yield from it which can be converted to value added product. Deep eutectic solvent (DES) involving choline chloride and lactic acid (ChCl:LA) mixed at 1:4 molar ratio was studied to investigate the effect of DES pretreatment on coffee husk to produce reducing sugar in the hydrolysis process. Pretreatment conditions of the biomass were optimized for biomass loading (5-20%, w/w), temperature (70-120 °C), and duration (60-240 min) using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for obtaining maximum yield of reducing sugar. The RSM model predicted an optimal pretreatment condition of biomass loading with 20% (w/w), pretreated at 120 °C for 231.80 min to achieve maximum sugar yield (30.522%). The pretreatment effect on biomass composition was analyzed using the Van Soest method, which showed an increase in the cellulose content along with the hemicellulose removal when compared with the native biomass. Moreover, evaluation of chemical structural changes also confirmed the effectiveness of DES pretreatment. Thus, the current study would illustrate the potential of coffee husk to produce value-added compounds from it.
Effects of the Memo-Concentrator on Blood
Authors: Tamari Yehuda , Nelson Roy L. , Levy Ronald S. , Rea-Azzaretto Nancy , Salogub Michele M. , Carolina Clifford C. , Hall Michael H. , Moccio Carmine G. , Tortolani Anthony J.
Published: September 2023

A high flux, non-traumatic ultrafilter (UF) can be useful for controlling the volume in the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit. Recently three such devices have been made available. It is the purpose of this work to describe the direct effects of ultrafiltration with one of these devices, the HemoConcentrator, on blood. The effects were determined by calculating the net changes in blood components due to hemoconcentration of pump blood at the end of bypass. The net changes were calculated from measurements taken before and after the concentration process. Samples taken pre and post-transfusion of the concentrated blood to the patient were also compared. The blood volume left in the circuit, 2050 ± 136 cc was concentrated by circulation through the UF and a total of 1083 ± 74 cc of plasma water extracted at a rate of 87 ± 3cc/min. The % net change for glucose, chloride, CO2 , potassium, sodium, BUN, creatinine, and phosphorous approximated the net loss of the plasma water. There were no losses in hemoglobin, albumin, and fibrinogen and only 2.5% losses in white blood cells and 15.3% losses in platelets. There were no changes in the total amount of free plasma hemoglobin or lactate dehydrogenase.

There was a decrease towards normal in prothrombin time from 48 to 34 sec and thrombin time from 7.4 to 2.8 sec. Following transfusion of the ultrafiltered blood there were increases in albumin from 3.5 to 4.2 gr/dl, WBC from 11.4 to 12.9 × 103/ul, RBC from 2.6 to 3.3 × 106/ul, platelets from 150 to 182 × 103 /ul, and fibrinogen from 161 to 216 mg/d. The RBC indices were not altered by the UF or transfusion. Conclusion: The Hemo-Concentrator is an efficient atraumatic UF device.
Blood Conservation during Open Heart Surgery in Infants and Children
Authors: Lodge Frederick A. , Lamberti John J. , Winkler Mary Hartley , Rohrer Charlene , Peterson Brad , Waldman Jordan , Holl John
Published: September 2023

We studied 211 consecutive patients (age 1/12 to 18 7/12 years, median 2 3/12 years; weight 2 to 70 kg., median 11.2 kg.) undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) for repair of congenital heart defects from September 1978 to September 1982 to determine blood used at surgery and within 48 hours of operation. There were 10/211 (4.7%) peri-operative deaths and 21 patients bled more than 500 cc from chest tubes during the first twelve hours post-op; 4 ( 4/211 = 1.9%) required re-exploration. This left 180 uncomplicated cases. From 1978 to 1982: (1) The average number of units of packed red blood cells (PRC) used per patient decreased from 4.3 to 1.9 for the entire patient population and from 4.1 to 1.2 for uncomplicated cases; (2) the average number of PRC units used for CPB prime decreased from 1.9 to 0.5; and (3) average end-CPB hematocrit decreased from 27.9 to 22.6%. All differences are highly significant (p 0.001). Peri-operative and postoperative morbidity were unchanged over the course of the study. In 1982, 23/48 (48%) cases used nonblood prime (weight 8.8 to 70 kig., median 27.0 kg.; median pre-op Hct 45.0%) and 25/48 (52%) cases used 1 unit (weight 3.5 to 16.6 kg., median 9.0 kg.; median pre-op Hct 37.1 %). Through a conscious effort to conserve blood, we substantially reduced our banked blood requirements for congenital heart surgery. Blood conservation reduces cost, spares resources, and minimizes risk of transfusion reaction and infectious disease, but does not increase the morbidity of congenital heart surgery.
Simultaneous Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Dialysis
Authors: Wiggins Debbie L. , Dearing James P.
Published: September 2023

An increasing number of patients are presenting for cardiac surgery with renal impairment. A simplified technique for dialysis during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was designed and evaluated in the laboratory. The system has successfully been applied to patient care.

A dialysis circuit consisting of a hollow fiber dializer, a roller pump for propelling dializing fluid, and blood lines was incorporated into a simulated CPB circuit primed with blood having values comparable to those found in the uremic patient: hematocrit, 14 percent; potassium, 8.8 mEq/L; colloid osmotic pressure, 8. 7 mm Hg; creatinine, 19.6 mg/dl; BUN, 109 mg/dl. Blood flow through the dializer was controlled to produce inlet pressure of 200 mm Hg, similar to the pressure found in the arterial line filter. Lactated Ringers contained in one liter bags was used as dialysate. Dialysate was aspirated through the dializer using a roller pump. Four dialyses were carried out varying the ultrafiltration pressure and the frequency with which fresh dialysate was used.

Creatinine, BUN, and potassium levels returned to normal while the colloid osmotic pressure and hematocrit were elevated. More frequent changes in dializing bath resulted in more rapid dialysance and increasing ultrafiltration pressure resulted in more rapid hematocrit and colloid osmotic pressure elevation.

This technique has been applied to patients in renal failure undergoing heart surgery and has been effective in reducing fluid load and normalizing blood chemistries.
A Battle Plan in the Event of Massive Air Embolism during Open Heart Surgery
Authors: Brenner William I.
Published: September 2023

After nearly 30 years of clinical open-heart surgery, air embolism to the coronary and cerebral arterial circulations during cardiopulmonary bypass procedures still remains a persistent hazard. The true incidence of morbidity and mortality related to air embolism is difficult to determine because of a wide spectrum of clinical presentations. The major manifestations of coronary air embolism are arrhythmia and/or reduced cardiac output. Those of cerebral air embolism are frank stroke, confusion or postoperative psychosis. A “battle plan” is proposed to outline a rational course of action in the event of massive air embolism recognized in the course of an open heart operation. If followed, the damage to the patient can be minimized, and full recovery can result. This “battle plan” represents the synthesis of the cardiac surgical literature on the prevention, recognition and treatment of air embolism occurring during open heart surgery.
Some Considerations Regarding the Use of the Delta Lev-L-Sentry Low Level Alarm System
Authors: Walton Howard G. , Sugden Ernest H. , White Judith A.
Published: September 2023

The possibility of infusing an air embolus during extracorporeal circulation is of concern to every perfusionist. The perfusionist uses a variety of devices to prevent such an accident. The Delta Lev-L-Sentry alarm system is one such device. It consists of a disposable sensor tape, an electronic sensor head, and a power/control box. The sensor head and tape are attached to the oxygenator. The unit will warn of a low level situation in the oxygenator when the fluid falls below the preset sensor tape position. This paper describes two possible situations where the Delta-L-Sentry alarm system may not activate properly, and one situation in which it will activate improperly.

A protein coating from the blood can result in a low sensitivity of the sensor tape. This, combined with a rapid draining of the oxygenator, can produce a false negative alarm. To avoid this false negative alarm mode it is recommended that the sensor tapes be cut and attached at the prescribed 50 degree angle (from the horizontal) regardless of the angle supplied by the manufacture. Another situation which can cause a false negative alarm mode is spilling electrolyte solution on the sensor tape. This can be avoided by protecting the sensor head. The one instance of a false positive alarm mode was caused by electrocautery interference during surgery. The use of a grounding cable will reduce the interference thus avoiding the false positive alarm signals.
Extracorporeal Circulation in Liver Transplantation
Authors: Garavet Scott P. , Crowley Jeffrey C.
Published: September 2023

Extracorporeal circulation has recently expanded outside the realm of the traditional cardiac procedures. Extracorporeal circulation and cardiopulmonary bypass has expanded to include: left and right heart long and short term support, systemic and regional hyperthermic perfusion for cancer therapy, systemic rewarming for hypothermia victims due to exposure, repair of aortic tears and aneurysms, support for respiratory failure, and more recently involvement in support of the surgical process for liver transplantation.

The first orthotopic liver graft was performed by Starzl and colleagues in 1963 at The University of Colorado at Denver. Then in 1982 Starzl began utilizing veno-veno extracorporeal circulation. Vena-arterial bypass has also been utilized in other centers.

Presently, the use of extracorporeal circulation in liver transplantation is being implemented in an increasing number of centers. There have been a wide range of benefits with the use of extracorporeal circulation in liver transplantation. These benefits are the control of the systemic and perihepatic circulation, greater control of volume status through efficient rapid infusion systems and decreased morbidity and mortality. The increased confidence gained by the use of extracorporeal circulation, enables patients to be referred for transplant surgery at an earlier stage, with a more reasonable prospect for a successful surgery.
Intermittent Ischemia: An Alternative to Cardioplegic Arrest during Myocardial Revascularization Surgery
Authors: Galbraith George D. , Gassmann Craig J.
Published: September 2023

Cardioplegic myocardial protection has become the standard for myocardial revascularization surgery (MRS). In contrast, our group performed 500 consecutive MRS' with intermittent aortic cross-clamping for distal anastomoses, left ventricular venting, and systemic hypothermia. Average patient age was 62 years (range: 30-89 years). 194 patients (38.8%) had urgent or emergent MRS. 251 patients (50.2%) had unstable angina and 123 others (24.6%) had preinfarction angina (rest pain in the hospital); 27 (5.4%) had evolving myocardial infarctions (MI). 174 patients (34.8%) had ejection fractions (EF) <0.50 including 75 patients (15.0%) with EFs <0.40; 16 patients (3.2%) had left ventricular aneurysms. Average number of grafts was 3.3 per patient and average ischemic time was 7.6 minutes per graft.

There were five hospital deaths (1.0%), none due to poor myocardial protection and low cardiac output. Only three survivors (0.6%) required an intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) to wean from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB): two had acute MIs preoperatively; the other had EF <0.30 and intractable atrial arrhythmias. Only two other patients (0.4%) received any inotropic infusions postoperatively. 18 patients (3.6%) had perioperative MIs.

These results, particularly the virtual absence of postoperative inotropic support, in unselected patients of whom 80% had acute coronary syndromes, indicate that intermittent ischemia (II) can provide excellent myocardial protection for MRS. Brief periods of II alleviate concerns about cardioplegic protection via occluded coronary arteries or internal mammary artery grafts. II provides a simple and safe alternative to cardioplegic arrest for myocardial protection during MRS.
Oxygenation of a Crystalloid Cardioplegic Solution
Authors: Hodges William E. , Beshere George A. , Dearing James P. , Sutton Robin G.
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of an alternative method of oxygenating a crystalloid cardioplegic solution to the use of a bubble oxygenator. Five hundred milliliters of 100% oxygen was introduced, using sterile technique, into 100 ml bags of Ringer's solution at varying temperatures (20°, 10°, and 4°C). The contents of the bags were shaken for one minute by hand and then cooled to 4°C or maintained at that temperature using a Shiley CSD 103 Cardioplegia Delivery Set. This method of oxygenation was compared to constant bubbling of 100% oxygen into Ringer's solution in a Shiley S70 bubble oxygenator at 4°C.

Samples of oxygenated solution from the bubble oxygenator were collected over a 60 minute time period. After 30 minutes the values stabilized and the last 12 samples were used as the reference for the bubble oxygenator. Samples of the solutions cooled using the Shiley CSD 103 were taken when the temperature stabilized at 4°C. All 4°C samples were then analyzed for pO2 using an IL 326 blood gas analyzer and the values compared for the various techniques. The results of this study showed the following pO2 values:

S70
20°→4°C
10°→4°C
4°→4°C

n
12
12
12
12

x̅mmHg ± SD
1183 ± 28
795 ± 59
983 ± 26
1116 ± 18

The conclusion drawn from this study is that the use of Ringer's solution oxygenated and maintained at 4°C is a cost effective alternative to the use of a bubble oxygenator to increase the pO2 in crystalloid cardioplegic solutions.
Homöopathie für Pflanzen – gut für
Menschen
Authors: Zauner Bernhard
Published: September 2023

Der Einsatz der Homöopathie in der Human- und Veterinärmedizin ist
inzwischen wohlbekannt und wird von Patienten und Tierhaltern gewünscht.
Erwähnt man den Begriff Agrohomöopathie, erntet man oft noch
erstaunte Blicke. Der Einsatz von Agrohomöopathie beschränkt sich
aber inzwischen nicht mehr auf ein paar Einzelkämpfer, sondern ist weltweit
verbreitet, auch Literatur gibt es inzwischen zu diesem Thema.
Accuracy of polyp characterization by artificial intelligence and endoscopists: a prospective, non-randomized study in a tertiary endoscopy center
Authors: Baumer Sebastian , Streicher Kilian , Alqahtani Saleh A. , Brookman-Amissah Dominic , Brunner Monika , Federle Christoph , Muehlenberg Klaus , Pfeifer Lukas , Salzberger Andrea , Schorr Wolfgang , Zustin Jozef , Pech Oliver
Published: September 2023

Background and study aims Artificial intelligence (AI) in
gastrointestinal endoscopy is developing very fast. Computer-aided detection of polyps and
computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) for polyp characterization are available now. This study was
performed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of a new commercially available CADx system
in clinical practice.

Patients and methods This prospective, non-randomized study was
performed at a tertiary academic endoscopy center from March to August 2022. We included
patients receiving a colonoscopy. Polypectomy had to be performed in all polyps. Every patient
was examined concurrently by an endoscopist and AI using two opposing screens. The AI system,
overseen by a second observer, was not visible to the endoscopist. The primary outcome was
accuracy of the AI classifying the polyps into “neoplastic” and “non-neoplastic.” The
secondary outcome was accuracy of the classification by the endoscopists. Sessile serrated
lesions were classified as neoplastic.

Results We included 156 patients (mean age 65; 57 women) with 262
polyps ≤10 mm. Eighty-four were hyperplastic polyps (32.1%), 158 adenomas (60.3%), seven
sessile serrated lesions (2.7%) and 13 other entities (normal/inflammatory colonmucosa,
lymphoidic polyp) (4.9%) on histological diagnosis. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of
AI were 89.70% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 84.02%-93.88%), 75.26% (95% CI: 65.46%-83.46%)
and 84.35% (95% CI:79.38%-88.53%), respectively. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for
less experienced endoscopists (2–5 years of endoscopy) were 95.56% (95% CI: 84.85%-99.46%),
61.54% (95% CI: 40.57%-79.77%) and 83.10% (95% CI: 72.34%-90.95%) and for experienced
endoscopists 90.83% (95% CI: 84.19%-95.33%), 71.83% (95% CI: 59.90%-81.87%) and 83.77% (95%
CI: 77.76%-88.70%), respectively.

Conclusion Accuracy for polyp characterization by a new
commercially available AI system is high, but does not fulfill the criteria for a
“resect-and-discard” strategy.
Pilotstudie pferdegestützte Therapie bei Morbus
Parkinson
Authors: Alexandridis A. K. , Bittner H. , Straeten G. , Wittschier R.
Published: September 2023

Hintergrund Die S3-Leitlinie Idiopathisches Parkinson-Syndrom (IPS)
empfiehlt Bewegungstherapie als integralen Bestandteil der Behandlung. Basierend
auf vorliegenden Arbeiten zur Wirksamkeit pferdegestützter
(Bewegungs-)Therapie bei anderen neurologischen Erkrankungen sowie
Einzelfallberichten wurde die Hypothese aufgestellt, dass auch bei IPS eine
entsprechende Behandlung erfolgversprechend sein müsste. Kontrollierte
Studien zu dieser Fragestellung liegen nicht vor. Es ist unklar, ob durch eine
pferdegestützte Bewegungstherapie die Symptomatik von Patienten und
Patientinnen mit IPS verbessert werden kann und welche der gängigen
Tests zur Evaluierung der Effekte geeignet sind.

Methodik Im Rahmen einer kontrollierten, prospektiven und randomisierten
Multicenter-Studie wurden 20 Patienten und Patientinnen in 2 Gruppen à
10 Patienten und Patientinnen in die Studie inkludiert. Die Interventionsgruppe
erhielt add-on insgesamt 12 pferdegestützte Therapieeinheiten mit einer
Frequenz von 2 Mal/Woche; in beiden Gruppen wurde die weitere Behandlung
wie vor Studienbeginn beibehalten. Der neurologische Status wurde vor der ersten
und nach der letzten Therapieeinheit bei allen Probanden und Probandinnen
erhoben.

Ergebnisse In der Interventionsgruppe fand sich trotz der geringen
Patienten- und Patientinnenzahl eine hochsignifikante Verbesserung im MDS-UPDRS
(Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale der Movement Disorder Society)
Teil 3, bei der Gangbildtestung und der Beurteilung der posturalen
Stabilität. Weitere untersuchte Parameter zeigten durchweg positive
Trends, eine Verschlechterung konnte in keinem Fall beobachtet werden.

Diskussion In der Pilotstudie konnten deutliche Hinweise auf eine sehr
hohe Effektivität einer pferdegestützten Bewegungstherapie bei
Patienten und Patientinnen mit IPS dokumentiert werden. Durch die vorliegende
Studie konnten grundlegende Erkenntnisse zum Setting einer mit 100 Patienten und
Patientinnen geplanten Hauptstudie gewonnen werden.
Richtig motivieren
Authors: Lotze Martin
Published: September 2023

Wir können nur dann Höchstleistungen bringen, wenn wir optimal
motiviert sind. Doch was bedeutet das eigentlich, und wie können wir
Patienten in der Neurorehabilitation so motivieren, dass unsere Therapie
besonders effektiv umgesetzt wird?
Mentales Training im Sport
Authors: Lotze Martin , Naumann Tim , Munzert Jörn
Published: September 2023

Mentales Training beinhaltet den systematischen Einsatz von
Bewegungsvorstellungen mit dem Ziel der Verbesserung von Lernen und Leistung bei
Bewegungshandlungen. Welche Erkenntnisse gibt es dazu im Sport und wie lassen
sie sich in die Neuroreha intergrieren?
Association of Four Medication Classes and Non-suicidal Self-injury
in Adolescents with Affective Disorders – A Retrospective Chart
Review
Authors: Eggart Vincent , Mortazavi Matin , Kirchner Sophie-Kathrin , Keeser Daniel , Brandstetter Lisa , Hasan Alkomiet , Wagner Elias
Published: September 2023

Background Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) behaviour is frequently
observed in children and adolescents with psychiatric conditions. Affected
individuals are regularly treated with psychotropic drugs, although the impact
of these agents on NSSI behaviour remains elusive.

Methods We performed a retrospective chart review from clinical routine
data in a large cohort (N=1140) of adolescent inpatients with primary
affective and non-affective psychiatric disorders according to ICD-10 (mean
age=15.3±1.3 years; 72.6% female). Four separate mixed
regression models compared the frequency of NSSI between treatment periods
without any medication and four medication categories (benzodiazepines,
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), high- and low-potency
antipsychotics).

Results In those individuals with affective disorders as the primary
diagnosis, periods without medication were associated with significantly lower
NSSI/day compared to all four other medication conditions
(benzodiazepines p<10−8,
antidepressants/SSRIs p=0.0004, high-potency antipsychotics
p=0.0009, low-potency antipsychotics p<10
−4). In individuals with a primary diagnosis other than an
affective disorder, NSSI was significantly lower during the period without
medication compared to the treatment periods with benzodiazepines
(p=0.005) and antidepressants/SSRIs (p=0.01). However,
NSSI rates in the no-medication condition were comparable to NSSI rates under
high-potency (p=0.89) and low-potency antipsychotics
(p=0.53).

Conclusions The occurrence of NSSI correlates with the treatment with a
psychotropic drug in children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders. Due to
the retrospective design, it remains elusive to what extent psychotropic drugs
might alter the frequency of NSSI in adolescents or if NSSI might indicate a
transdiagnostic feature of more pronounced disease severity.
Vanderbilt Electronic Health Record Voice Assistant Supports Clinicians
Authors: Kumah-Crystal Yaa A. , Lehmann Christoph U. , Albert Dan , Coffman Tim , Alaw Hala , Roth Sydney , Manoni Alexandra , Shave Peter , Johnson Kevin B.
Published: September 2023

Background Electronic health records (EHRs) present navigation challenges due to time-consuming searches across segmented data. Voice assistants can improve clinical workflows by allowing natural language queries and contextually aware navigation of the EHR.

Objectives To develop a voice-mediated EHR assistant and interview providers to inform its future refinement.

Methods The Vanderbilt EHR Voice Assistant (VEVA) was developed as a responsive web application and designed to accept voice inputs and execute the appropriate EHR commands. Fourteen providers from Vanderbilt Medical Center were recruited to participate in interactions with VEVA and to share their experience with the technology. The purpose was to evaluate VEVA's overall usability, gather qualitative feedback, and detail suggestions for enhancing its performance.

Results VEVA's mean system usability scale score was 81 based on the 14 providers' evaluations, which was above the standard 50th percentile score of 68. For all five summaries evaluated (overview summary, A1C results, blood pressure, weight, and health maintenance), most providers offered a positive review of VEVA. Several providers suggested modifications to make the technology more useful in their practice, ranging from summarizing current medications to changing VEVA's speech rate. Eight of the providers (64%) reported they would be willing to use VEVA in its current form.

Conclusion Our EHR voice assistant technology was deemed usable by most providers. With further improvements, voice assistant tools such as VEVA have the potential to improve workflows and serve as a useful adjunct tool in health care.
Complete Remission of Cutaneous Metastasis from Invasive Breast Cancer with Abemaciclib plus Letrozole
Authors: Valame Shaunak N. , Manek Dhruti D.
Published: September 2023

Skin metastases from internal malignancies can be the first clinical finding of cancer recurrence. If presentation is delayed, they may ulcerate and develop secondary infection. Through this case, we will highlight a case of breast cancer recurrence with extensive cutaneous metastases that clinically completely responded to oral systemic therapy, thereby obviating the need for chemotherapy and leading to stark improvement in performance status and quality of life.
The impact of the digital economy on inter-city carbon transfer in China using the life cycle assessment model
Authors: Luan Bingjiang , Yang Hanshuo , Zou Hong , Yu Xi
Published: September 2023

The haven paradise hypothesis has been widely supported in the international carbon transfer, but there is still a lack of inter-city evidence. The emergence of the digital economy in recent years has introduced unprecedented opportunities and challenges for carbon emissions reduction and carbon transfer. As the world’s largest carbon emitter and a major player in the digital economy, exploring whether the pollution haven hypothesis exists among cities in China and how the digital economy affects inter-city carbon transfer is crucial for countries to optimize their domestic carbon reduction structures. To this end, this paper employs the 2012 and 2015 Chinese Urban Household Survey data alongside input-output tables based on the life cycle assessment method to quantify the inter-city carbon transfer. In addition, the impact and mechanisms of the digital economy on inter-city carbon transfer are explored using the two-way fixed effects model. The results show that 54% of Chinese cities’ carbon emissions come from outside, with third-tier cities bearing high carbon transfer pressures, indicating the presence of the pollution haven hypothesis. The digital economy exacerbates inter-city carbon transfer by promoting market integration and facilitating industrial transfer, and it mainly promotes the transfer of high-intensity carbon emissions to third-tier cities. Considering carbon emission reduction targets, mandatory environmental regulations have strengthened the effect of the digital economy on carbon transfer. Therefore, the Chinese government needs to properly address carbon transfer by improving the collaborative carbon reduction system, enhancing carbon emission reduction efficiency, and accelerating the equitable progress of the digital economy.
Effects of manufacturing input servitization on labor income share and income distribution
Authors: Wang Hongsen , Guo Qing , Kuang Xianming
Published: September 2023

In recent times, a transformative phenomenon has emerged within the realm of manufacturing known as “manufacturing input servitization.” This concept involves the integration of services into traditional manufacturing processes, and while it has received some attention, its implications for labor income distribution have not been extensively explored. This study embarks on an exploration of the intricate relationship between manufacturing input servitization and labor income share, with a specific focus on its impact on income distribution. Employing rigorous regression analysis techniques, this paper rigorously assesses the relationship between manufacturing input servitization and labor income share. Our analysis also delves into mediation effects, uncovering the pivotal roles played by labor productivity and human capital in driving labor income share improvements. The results consistently reveal a positive correlation between manufacturing input servitization and labor income share, an association that persists even after controlling for various factors. Heterogeneity analysis further showcases that the medium-technology manufacturing sector benefits the most from servitization, closely followed by the high-technology and low-technology sectors. In addition, this research highlights a pronounced impact of manufacturing servitization on labor income in developing economies compared to their developed counterparts. Beyond the empirical discoveries, extended analysis reveals a implication: the enhancement of labor income share in the manufacturing sector contributes significantly to reducing income inequality across the broader economy. These findings hold substantial implications for both policymakers and manufacturing firms. Encouraging the adoption of servitization strategies within manufacturing not only fosters labor income growth but also aligns with the broader societal goal of reducing income inequality. As such, this research provides invaluable insights for stakeholders committed to nurturing inclusive economic growth.
Experimental observation of negative rotational inertia
Authors: Liu Shuanglong , Chen Fei , Yang Tian , Parker Robert G. , Wang Pai , Yang Tianzhi
Published: September 2023

We report an easy-to-make, resonance-based mechanism to realize negative rotational inertia. The device consists of three parts: a heavy inner core, a lightweight outer shell, and rubber connections between the core and shell. We theoretically predict and experimentally observe the negative rotational inertia in the range of 100–230 Hz. The experimental values are obtained via measurements of vibrational response. We further clarify the relation between the bandwidth of negative inertia and the bandgap in a chain consisting of an array of negative-inertia units. The findings reveal a unique property different from conventional systems in classical physics and offer an opportunity for metamaterial designs.
Chirality detection of biological molecule through spin selectivity effect
Authors: Zhang Yu , Wang Guangcheng , Liu Fangyuan , Shang Zixuan , Li Tianhao , Yang Qianqian , Zhai Tianrui , Wang Xiaolei
Published: September 2023

The ability to accurately monitor chiral biological molecules is of great significance for their potential applications in disease diagnosis and virus detection. As the existing chiral detection technologies are mainly relying on an optical method by using left/right circularly polarized light, the universality is low and the operation is complicated. Moreover, large quantity of chiral molecules is required, causing low detection efficiency. Here, a self-assembled monolayer of polypeptides has been fabricated to realize trace detection of chirality based on spin selectivity of photon–electron interaction. We have utilized Kerr technique to detect the rotation angle by the molecular monolayer, which indicates the chirality of polypeptides. The chiral structure of a biological molecule could result in spin-selectivity of electrons and thus influence the interaction between electron spin and light polarization. A Kerr rotation angle of ∼3° has been obviously observed, equivalent to the magneto-optic Kerr effect without magnetic material or magnetic field. Furthermore, we have provided a novel solution to achieve chirality discrimination and amplification simultaneously through an optical fiber. The proposed design is applicable for chiral detection via increasing their differential output signal, which clearly demonstrates a useful strategy toward chirality characterization of biological molecules.
Shock waves in strongly coupled one-dimensional dusty plasmas under Yukawa interactions
Authors: Wei Lin , Peng Yi , Yang Yang-Yang , Yang Lei , Duan Wen-Shan
Published: September 2023

The numerical investigation of shock waves in a chain of dust particles is conducted using the molecular dynamics simulation method. Assuming that the first pulse in the shock front is a solitary wave, we derive an analytical approximate expression to demonstrate how the shock velocity depends on the piston velocity and the system parameters, such as the charge of the dust particles, the initial lattice constant, and the screening parameter. It is found that the shock wave velocity increases as the piston velocity and coupling parameter increase, while it decreases as the screening parameter increases. The analytical results are in good agreement with the molecular dynamics simulation results.
Metal-ferroelectric AlScN-semiconductor memory devices on SiC wafers
Authors: He Yunfei , Chen Shangyi , Fiagbenu Merrilyn Mercy Adzo , Leblanc Chloe , Musavigharavi Pariasadat , Kim Gwangwoo , Du Xingyu , Chen Jiazheng , Liu Xiwen , Stach Eric A. , Olsson Roy H. , Jariwala Deep
Published: September 2023

This Letter presents oriented growth and switching of thin (∼30 nm) co-sputtered ferroelectric (FE) aluminum scandium nitride (AlScN) films directly on degenerately doped 4H silicon carbide (SiC) wafers. We fabricate and test metal ferroelectric semiconductor capacitors, comprising of Al/Al0.68Sc0.32N/4H-SiC. Our devices exhibit asymmetric coercive electric field values of −5.55/+12.05 MV cm−1 at 100 kHz for FE switching, accounting for the voltage divided by the depletion region of the semiconducting SiC substrate under positive voltages. Furthermore, the FE AlScN exhibits a remanent polarization of 110 ± 2.8 μC cm−2, measured via a voltage-pulsed positive-up negative-down measurement. We further investigate the reliability of the reported devices, revealing an endurance of ∼3700 cycles and a retention time of 9.5 × 105 s without any significant loss of polarization. Our findings demonstrate the bipolar switching of high-quality thin Al0.68Sc0.32N films on doped SiC substrates enabling monolithic integration of nonvolatile memory with SiC-based logic devices appropriate for high temperature operation as well as for high-power switching, memory, and sensing applications.
Unsteady dissipation scaling of grid turbulence in the near-field region
Authors: Zheng Yulin , Koto Naoya , Nagata Koji , Watanabe Tomoaki
Published: September 2023

This paper investigates global (long-time-averaged) and local (short-time-averaged) statistics in the near-field region of static-grid turbulence through wind tunnel experiments. Measurements are performed in the region x/M<32 (where x is the streamwise distance from the grid and M is the mesh size of the grid) using hot-wire anemometry. Local statistics are calculated according to the methodology used in the previous time-dependent analysis [Zheng et al., “Unsteady dissipation scaling in static- and active-grid turbulence,” J. Fluid Mech. 956, A20 (2023)]. The global dimensionless dissipation rate Cϵ exhibits a power-law decay with respect to the global turbulent Reynolds number Reλ and the global length scale ratio L/λ (where L is the integral length scale and λ is the Taylor microscale) is constant in the near-field region, consistent with previous studies on regular- and fractal-grid turbulence. The local dimensionless dissipation rate and the local length scale ratio also obey nonequilibrium scaling laws in both near- and far-field regions of grid turbulence when the turbulent Reynolds number is locally high, whereas the nonequilibrium scaling laws for the global statistics only hold in the near-field region.
Internal dynamics of recurrent neural networks trained to generate complex spatiotemporal patterns
Authors: Maslennikov Oleg V. , Gao Chao , Nekorkin Vladimir I.
Published: September 2023

How complex patterns generated by neural systems are represented in individual neuronal activity is an essential problem in computational neuroscience as well as machine learning communities. Here, based on recurrent neural networks in the form of feedback reservoir computers, we show microscopic features resulting in generating spatiotemporal patterns including multicluster and chimera states. We show the effect of individual neural trajectories as well as whole-network activity distributions on exhibiting particular regimes. In addition, we address the question how trained output weights contribute to the autonomous multidimensional dynamics.
Coordination-induced bond weakening in NiC3: An experimental and theoretical investigation
Authors: Liu Zhiling , Yan Yonghong , Yang Yufeng , Zhang Fuqiang , Jia Jianfeng , Li Ya
Published: September 2023

Mass-selected photoelectron velocity-map imaging spectroscopy in conjunction with the density functional theory calculations was employed to investigate the geometrical and chemical bonding properties of NiC3−/0. Both the photoelectron spectrum and photoelectron angular distribution were measured from the spectra, yielding useful geometrical and electronic information about NiC3−/0. The complementary theoretical calculations suggest that the linear and fan-like structures were both populated experimentally in the cluster beam. Further comparative study on the synergistic donor–acceptor interactions in both isomers revealed the side-on coordination-induced bond weakening in the fan-like isomer as compared to the linear isomer. These findings will shed light on the structure-dependent reactivity of transition metal carbides.
Novel low-macroscopic-field emission cathodes for electron probe spectroscopy systems
Authors: Smerdov R. , Mustafaev A.
Published: September 2023

The current state of electron probe methods [including energy loss spectroscopy of inelastically scattered electrons (EELS)] is considered. The analysis concerning the issues of their application, challenges, and limitations is performed. Particular attention is paid to the fundamental limitations and the means to overcome those during electron probe methods’ subsequent development for the study of composite nanostructured materials. It is emphasized that the emitted electron energy spectrum dispersion (or electron energy distribution function width) is one of the main factors limiting a further increase in EELS energy resolution, although the use of direct detection sensors and monochromators allows one to approach the physical limit of this method. Novel low-macroscopic-field electron emitters are synthesized and investigated. Their properties are analyzed and compared with previously obtained specimens. Both energy and temporal resolutions of an EEL system utilizing the suggested cathodes are estimated. The comparison of its characteristics with the corresponding parameters of classical facilities is performed. The obtained results indicate the possibility to achieving a significant growth in energy and temporal resolutions as well as a decrease in the detection threshold of chemical elements with trace concentrations while maintaining relatively high emission current density values.
Switching global correlations on and off in a many-body quantum state by tuning local entanglement
Authors: Benjamin Colin , Dash Aditya
Published: September 2023

A quantum many-body state built on a classical 1D Ising model with locally entangled qubits is considered. This setup can model an infinite player quantum Prisoner’s dilemma game with each site representing two entangled players (or qubits). The local entanglement γ between two qubits placed on a site in the 1D Ising model and classical coupling between adjacent sites of the Ising model have an apposite influence on qubits. It points to a counter-intuitive situation wherein local entanglement at a site can exactly cancel global correlations, signaling an artificial quantum many-body state wherein, by locally tuning the entanglement at a particular site, one can transition from a strongly correlated quantum state to an uncorrelated quantum state and then to a correlated classical state. In other words, we can simulate a state similar to a type II superconducting state via local tuning of entanglement in a 1D Ising chain with entangled qubits.
Validation of a calibration model able to estimate the concentration of pesticides in an alpine stream through passive sampling (POCIS) monitoring
Authors: Casari Anna , Tonidandel Loris , Zolezzi Guido , Bellin Alberto , Negri Paolo , Barbero Alice , Larcher Roberto
Published: September 2023

Environmental context Pesticides and other contaminants released by agricultural activities negatively impact aquatic biota and water quality, but are not always measured. The Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler (POCIS) is among the most suitable tools for identifying pesticides and other organic compounds in water bodies. However, determination of a mean concentration (over the duration of the deployment) is still a significant challenge, which is addressed in the present work using field observations and a computational model. Rationale The Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler (POCIS) is a passive sampler composed of a receiving phase, Oasis HLB, enclosed between two polyethersulfone (PES) membranes. It is used for monitoring organic compounds in surface water and in groundwater. The measurement of pesticide concentrations by passive samplers in streams still represents an open challenge, which limits the samplers’ use in environmental monitoring of the quality status of water bodies in accordance with the EU Water Framework Directive. Methodology We addressed these limitations by calibrating a POCIS with concentration measurements performed on samples collected by means of an automatic sampler from the same section of a small alpine river where a passive sampler was deployed. In the majority of published studies, the analytes were extracted only from the receiving phase, but recent works show that some compounds were also adsorbed by the PES membrane, suggesting the importance of extracting the analytes from both the phase and the membrane. Results The POCIS was calibrated for 31 compounds, by a comparison between the total amount of pesticides adsorbed by POCIS (Ms) and the time-weighted average concentration (TWAc) obtained from several grab samples, and by estimation of the sampling rate (Rs), which allows linking the Ms with the TWAc over time. The data showed an increasing Rs trend with hydrophobicity for the most hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds, while compounds with 1.5 ≤ log Kow ≤ 3.5 assumed a value of Rs independent of log Kow. The contribution of PES membranes allows expansion of the calibration of Rs to the most hydrophobic compounds and allows monitoring of pesticides that would hardly have been detected if they were extracted only from the Oasis HLB phase, such as fluazinam. Discussion The calibration was then verified on the same stream and the model extended to a different sampling site; in both cases, the calibration allowed estimation of a value of TWAc that fits with the reality within a factor of 5, and in the majority of cases within a factor of 2. If this level of accuracy is accepted, the Rs reported here can be used to estimate TWAc from sampling with POCIS.