bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of environmental and agrochemical indicators of sewage sludge by phytotesting
Authors:   Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems, Novocherkassk, Russian Federation, Manzhina Svetlana A. , Drovovozova Tatyana I. ,   Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems, Novocherkassk, Russian Federation, Rusin Lev I. ,   Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems, Novocherkassk, Russian Federation
Published: August 2023

Purpose: to assess environmental and agrochemical indicators of sewage sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants through phytotesting. Materials and methods. Sewage sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants with a three-year stay on the sludge map was studied. The examined sludge contains a high amount of sulfate ions (0.720 g/100 g) with a content of calcium ions of 0.350 g/100 g. The remaining salt ions and heavy metals are in small quantities. Phytotesting was carried out by studying the phytoresponse of the test plants seeds in contact with an aqueous extract and directly with precipitation. In the first variant, solutions of various concentrations were prepared: an aqueous extract of sediments, its two-fold dilution and four-and eight-fold dilution. To control the indicators, the distilled water and one-component model solutions of sodium sulfate with concentrations identical to the tested solutions were used. Testing was carried out on the seeds of oats and vetch. In the second variant, under laboratory conditions, seeds of oats, vetch, white mustard, radish and watercress were sown in vegetation vessels with sewage sludge. Results and discussion. Phytotesting allowed revealing the complex effect of precipitation due to their composition. In the variant of undiluted aqueous extract from sewage sludge, the inhibitory effect of sulfates on seed germination and biomass growth is revealed. In the variant with two-fold dilution, the stimulating effect of precipitation components on seed germination and biomass growth was noted. To clarify the effect of the stimulating effect of sewage sludge, an experiment on sowing test plants directly into the sludge was carried out. The best indicators were noted in the variants with oats sowing. Conclusions. The inhibitory effect of sewage sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants in Novocherkassk is due to the content of sulfates in them. The best comparability of indicators in both variants was noted for oat seeds.
Diagnostics using non-destructive testing devices for reinforced concrete lining and soil foundation to assess the technical condition of the dam of the Kryukovskoe reservoir
Authors:   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Krasnodar, Russian Federation, Bandurin Mikhail A. , Prikhodko Igor A. ,   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Krasnodar, Russian Federation, Volosukhin Viktor A. ,   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Krasnodar, Russian Federation, Rudenko Artem A. ,   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Krasnodar, Russian Federation
Published: August 2023

Purpose: to perform diagnostics using non-destructive testing devices for reinforced concrete lining and soil foundation of the Kryukovskoe reservoir dam for its technical condition assessment. Materials and methods. The materials for the study were the data of a visual survey of the Kryukovskoe reservoir, the hazardous areas, where the instrumental control by non-destructive methods was performed, were identified. Later the hazardous areas were examined in detail for the presence of defects and damage. In the course of research, an instrumental survey of the reinforced concrete lining of the Kryukovskoe reservoir was carried out in problem areas 12 km long by the Oko-3 georadar. When processing the obtained data, there is a possibility of three-dimensional visualization of the parameters of the medium under study and the attributes of the wave field. At the same time, the soil foundation of the dam was surveyed by a high-frequency detector Nokta Invenio Smart, in real time using the functions of a geoscanner, a three-dimensional model of the studied section of the soil foundation is modelled, displaying the geometric characteristics of hidden cavities and soil softening. Results. Diagnostics of the technical condition of the reinforced concrete lining and soil foundation of the dam of the Kryukovskoe reservoir was performed. The abutments of earthen structures to concrete ones, the state of temperature-settlement joints of concrete and reinforced concrete structures that could affect stability were examined. Radargrams of soil foundation subsidence locations, formed as a result of the accident and removed during the dam reconstruction, were obtained. Conclusions. On the basis of the conducted studies it was defined that the reinforced concrete lining of the reservoir dam is, in general, in a satisfactory condition and serves its functional purpose. Diagnostics of the dam foundation showed the need to strengthen the stability of the structure.
Hydraulic design of the control structure, located in the ilmen area of the Caspian lowland
Authors:   Novocherkassk Engineering and Land Reclamation Institute – branch of the Don State Agrarian University, Novocherkassk, Russian Federation, Kartuzova Tatyana D. , Shelestova Natalya A. ,   Novocherkassk Engineering and Land Reclamation Institute – branch of the Don State Agrarian University, Novocherkassk, Russian Federation, Tkachev Alexander A. ,   Novocherkassk Engineering and Land Reclamation Institute – branch of the Don State Agrarian University, Novocherkassk, Russian Federation, Tretyakov Dmitry F ,   Novocherkassk Engineering and Land Reclamation Institute – branch of the Don State Agrarian University, Novocherkassk, Russian Federation
Published: August 2023

Purpose: to solve the problem of conservation and reproduction of fish stocks of valuable commercial fish species in natural reservoirs, on the example of performing one of the tasks of developing a facility for regulating water regime of the ilmen part of the Volga delta. Using the well-known formulas of hydraulics, scientific developments of scientists in the field of hydraulic engineering and a priori information, it is necessary to determine the main parameters of a control structure located on a fishery reservoir in Astrakhan region. Materials and methods: a stage-by-stage hydraulic calculation of a tubular control structure that performs the functions of a water outlet was performed: the carrying capacity of the facility during operation in a pressure mode was determined; the main loads influencing the structure underground contour were determined by filtration calculation; a strength calculation of the floor for shear was performed. Results. A facility to regulate the water regime of the ilmen area of the Volga delta, ilmen, which are places of natural spawning grounds for commercial fish in Astrakhan region has been developed. The task of hydraulic calculation is to determine the conditions for the advancement of the filtration flow under the structure determining the pressure at characteristic points and to define the minimum dimensions of the floor that perceive stably the loads created by this flow. Conclusions. The calculation determined the main dimensions of the floor (length, width of the structure – 46.0; 4.65 m; length, thickness of the apron – 4.54; 0.3 m; length, thickness of the water apron – 4.8; 0.9 m; depth, water apron teeth width – 1.19; 0.40 m; length, thickness of the rear apron – 20.36; 0.6 m; length of the tubular part of the regulator – 16.3 m) taking into account the placement of gates, service and road bridges. The shear stability of the floor and the structure as a whole was determined.
Using mobile IT applications for solving water use problems in the on-farm irrigation network
Authors:   Novocherkassk Engineering and Land Reclamation Institute – branch of the Don State Agrarian University, Novocherkassk, Russian Federation, Volkova Ekaterina A. , Kudravets Dmitry A. ,   Novocherkassk Engineering and Land Reclamation Institute – branch of the Don State Agrarian University, Novocherkassk, Russian Federation, Korzhov Viktor I. ,   Novocherkassk Engineering and Land Reclamation Institute – branch of the Don State Agrarian University, Novocherkassk, Russian Federation, Korzhov Ivan V. ,   Russian Research Institute for Integrated Use and Protection of Water Resources, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
Published: August 2023

Purpose: to demonstrate the possibilities and relevance of using the special tools of IT support, focused on their use as part of mobile computer tools and gadgets, for solving the problems of water use planning on an on-farm irrigation network. Materials and methods. The methodology for solving the goal included: determining the water supply regimes for each irrigated field according to the planned irrigation regimes for agricultural crops, coordinating water supply schedules for irrigated fields with the technical and operational functionalities of the irrigated area, calculating the indicators of the water use plan in accordance with the specified requirements. As an object for which the calculations were performed, the project of one of the irrigated plots of Ipatovsky district of the Stavropol Territory was used. The basis of the used IT support tools was the authors’ development, implemented on the basis of widely available and popular software apps. Results. Algorithmic and software support for computer applications that ensure operation as part of mobile IT tools has been developed. An example of the calculation of an on-farm water use plan for the initial irrigated area using the developed mobile IT applications is given, demonstrating the efficiency of their application. Conclusions. The conducted studies have confirmed the relevance of the use of computer applications oriented for using as part of widely available and relatively inexpensive mobile IT tools. It is noted that due to the uniqueness of most reclamation facilities, these applications should provide for relatively simple and prompt adaptation to these facilities, as well as information compatibility with other IT support tools used in the production process.
Water evaporation from the 16 Tishrin reservoir in Syria: volume measurement and economic impact assessment
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russian Federation, Alali Hothefa , Perminov Aleksey V. ,   Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: August 2023

Purpose: to study the phenomenon of evaporation from the 16 Tishrin reservoir in Syria and a comprehensive analysis of its volume measurement with an economic consequence assessment. Materials and methods. The study used CHIRPS (Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data) daily precipitation data, MODIS MOD16A2 (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) evaporation data, and Sentinel-2 satellite data to estimate the area of the reservoir surface using the algorithm MNDWI (Modified Normalized Difference Water Index) for the period from October 2021 to September 2022. Using the Microsoft Excel program, the reservoir storage and the water levels in it were determined for each month of the hydrological year. Results. Results of this study provide important information about the amount of water lost by evaporation from the surface of the 16 Tishrin reservoir in Syria. The total amount of water lost to evaporation amounted to 5.7 million cubic meters/year. This significant amount of evaporation results in economic losses estimated as $856,946.25/year. The abovesaid highlights the urgent need to implement strategies to minimize economic impacts and optimize water management. Conclusions. Understanding the losses and economic impact of evaporation is critical to effective water management. By solving these problems and making informed decisions based on the calculated economic damage, it is possible to increase the preservation of water resources in the 16 Tishrin reservoir and the lower reaches of the Al Kabir Al Shamali river.
On transformation of drip soil moisture contour in after-irrigation period
Authors:   Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems, Novocherkassk, Russian Federation, Shtanko Andrey S. , Shkura Viktor N. ,   Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems, Novocherkassk, Russian Federation
Published: August 2023

Purpose: to determine special features of changes in the geometric and moisture parameters of the soil drip moisture contours after irrigation. Materials and methods. The basis for generalizations on the dynamics of moisture contours transformation was the results of field studies conducted on three experimental plots, the top soil of which is represented by medium-thick southern chernozem, characterized by the content of physical clay Wг equal to 45.0; 52.5 and 70.2 % by dry soil weight. Measurements of contour parameters were carried out in 0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 hours after completion of drip irrigation during post-irrigation period. Results and discussion. An analysis of the shape and geometric dimensions of the contours and internal contour isopleths, recorded in post-irrigation periods of different duration, made it possible to determine the qualitative features of their change over time. An increase of the linear, areal and volumetric dimensions of moisture contours over a certain time period, stabilization and their subsequent decrease, up to the complete contour drawdown, has been defined. Of all the variety of factors influencing the process of contour transformation, soil conditions determined by soil granulometry are considered as the main ones. An empirical dependence that describes the functional relationship between the linear parameters of the contours, the content of physical clay in the moistened soil profile, and the duration of the post-irrigation period has been obtained. Conclusions. Based on the field study data, the qualitative-quantitative parameters of transformation of the drip soil moisture contours in the post-irrigation period, typical for southern chernozems of medium-thick light clay, medium and heavy loam, were determined. The predicted parameters of drip soil moisture contours were compared with the known data, allowing to make a conclusion about their acceptability for practical application in the development of drip irrigation regimes for agricultural lands.
Association of Diabetic Polyneuropathy and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Role of Glycemic Control and Microvascular Complications
Authors: DEVECİ Şule
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is more common in diabetes mellitus (DM), especially in individuals with diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN). This study aimed to retrospectively investigate the effects of elevated glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, duration of diabetes, and other microvascular complications of DM on the frequency and severity of CTS in patients with DPN.

Material and methods: 124 DPN patients were included in the study. In these patients, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and HbA1c levels, duration of DM, antidiabetic drugs used, comorbidities, and other complications of diabetes were questioned. According to the results of the electrophysiological examination, the patients were divided into 2 groups: those with only DPN and those with DPN + CTS.

Results: When diabetes complications were investigated, diabetic nephropathy was found only in those with DPN + CTS (p=0.045). Electrophysiologically, in sensory fibers in all patients, In 43 patients (34.7%), involvement of motor fibers was accompanied. A positive correlation was found between the severity of CTS and duration of diabetes, FBG and HbA1c levels, and subcutaneous insulin use (p=0.018, p=0.014, p=0.003, p=0.029, respectively).

Conclusion: Good glycemic control can reduce the risk of developing CTS with microvascular complications of diabetes. Therefore, it is important for patients to protect their hand function and prevent the development of CTS by being informed about the complications of diabetes.
Pengembangan Model Bimbingan Konseling Karir di Perguruan Tinggi (Studi pada Mahasiswa BK Angkatan 2019 STKIP PGRI Sumbar)
Authors: Nurhazlin Nurhazlin , Chandra Yasrial , Dwi Putri Besti Nora
Published: August 2023

Peneltian ini dilatarbelakangi karena adanya mahasiswa di STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat mempunyai masalah tentang karir, terlihat dari adanya mahasiswa yang belum dapat mengetahui tentang pengetahan mengenai dirinya atau potensi yang dimilikinya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: 1) Untuk mengungkap dan melihat kematangan karir mahasiswa di perguruan tinggi. 2) Untuk mengembangkan model rancangan pelayanan bimbingan dan konseling karir mahasiswa BK 19 di perguruan tinggi. Jenis penelitian ini ialah deskriptif kuantitatif, dan populasi juga sampel sebanyak 67 mahasiswa angkatan 2019 STKIP PGRI SUMBAR dengan menggunakan teknik yaitu total sampling, untuk mengungkap kematangan karir mahasiswa Bimbingan dan Konseling (BK) 2019 dan membuat pengembangan model bimbingan konseling karir. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah kusioner dan di analisis dengan teknik presentase dari rata-rata. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa kematangan karir pada mahasiswa BK angkatan 2019 STKIP PGRI SUMBAR secara umum berada pada kategori cukup tinggi dengan presentase 32,84%. Sehingga dapat dibuat model pengembangan bimbingan karir sesuai dengan permasalahan mahasiswa brdasarkan hasil penelitian direkomendasikan pada mahasiswa untuk lebih bisa meningkatkan karirnya sesuai denganyang diharapkan dan juga untuk mengembangkan model yang telah dibuat oleh peneliti.
Konseling Realitas untuk Meningkatkan Self Control Siswa Nomophobia di SMK Negeri 7 Palembang
Authors: Wahyuningsih Jaya , Putri Ramtia Darma , Sari Syska Purnama
Published: August 2023

Ketergantungan remaja terhadap mobile phone disebut dengan no-mobile phone phobia (nomophobia) yang merupakan ketakutan dan kecemasan modern akibat dari perkembangan teknologi. Salah satu cara yang bisa dilakukan untuk mengatasi nomophobia adalah dengan adanya self control, self control sendiri sangat dibutuhkan ada di dalam pribadi seseorang karena self control dapat mengontrol diri untuk tetap terkontrol dengan baik. Kontrol diri menjadi hal yang sangat penting bagi kehidupan seseorang, berfungsi sebagai pengendalian diri atas perilaku dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Kontrol diri berkaitaan dengan bagaimana seseorang mengendalikan emosi juga dorongan dorongan dari dalam dirinya. Adapun cara yang dapat dilakukan yaitu dengan bantuan konseling realitas. Konseling realitas sebagai suatu bentuk psikoterapi yang berkembang selama periode ini. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kuantitatif Quasi Eksperimen, dengan desain penelitian one-group pretest-posstest design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI DKV 2 di SMK Negeri 7 Palembang, dengan sampel sebanyak 7 orang. Subjek penelitian dipilih menggunakan purposive sampling mengingat sampel yang sedikit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 7 orang siswa yang menjadi sampel terjadi peningkatan self control siswa. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah dengan uji wilcoxon signed rangk test dengan bantuan bantuan aplikasi SPSS 22. Bedasarkan hasil diperoleh dari test statistic di dapat nilai Z hitung adalah -2,357, dengan nilai signifikasi 0,018. maka Ha diterima. Artinya konseling realitas dapat meningkatkan self control siswa nomophobia pada siswa di SMK Negeri 7 Palembang.Â
Mereduksi Perilaku Agresif Siswa Melalui Konseling Behavioral Teknik Aversi
Authors: Latifah Leny
Published: August 2023

Aggressiveness is an act committed by an individual with the intention of hurting oneself, other people, or other objects. Some students of SMPN 17 Malang who have a habit of behaving aggressively need to be given individual counseling services in order to inhibit their aggressive behavior. Many techniques in guidance and counseling can be used to reduce aggressive behavior in students. One of them is the behavioral aversion technique approach. This study aims to reduce the aggressive behavior of SMPN 17 Malang students through behavioral counseling with aversion techniques. This study included a pre-experimental design with One Group Pretest-Posttest, the research subjects were 3 students who had high aggressive behavior, which was measured using an aggressive behavior scale. The results of the Wilcoxon test showed a significance value greater than 0.05. Because this research is to reduce behavior, the researcher uses an inverse significance value benchmark, meaning that if the significance value is greater than 0.05, this research is considered effective. So it can be concluded that behavioral counseling uses effective aversion techniques to reduce aggressive behavior in students. In future research, it is expected to be able to develop aversion techniques in more detail and better as well as a reference material to help overcome the problems of other subjects who need guidance and counseling services both individually and in groups.
Persepsi Siswa Terhadap Layanan Konseling Individual di SMP Negeri 11 Kota Jambi
Authors: Freddi Sarman  , Harahap Nur Hasanah , Yulianti Yulianti , Zubaidah Zubaidah , Rahmayanty Dinny
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap persepsi siswa kelas VIII terhadap layanan konseling individual yang dilakukan oleh guru pembimbing mulai dari tahap pengantaran, tahap penjajakan, tahap penafsiran, tahap pembinaan sampai pada tahap penilaian di SMP Negeri 11 Kota Jambi. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif, dengan populasi siswa kelas VIII yang sudah melakukan konseling individual sebanyak 44 siswa. Sampel diambil secara total sampling yaitu sebanyak 44 siswa. Kemudian data angket diolah dengan menggunakan rumus persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 76,40% siswa kelas VIII mempunyai persepsi yang berada pada tingkat tinggi terhadap layanan konseling individual yang dilakukan di SMP N 11 Kota Jambi, yang dijabarkan pada (1) persepsi siswa kelas VIII terhadap layanan konseling individual pada tahap pengantaran berada pada tingkat tinggi yaitu 81,18% (2) persepsi siswa kelas VIII terhadp layanan konseling individual pada tahap penjajakan berada pada tingkat tinggi yaitu 74,60% (3) persepsi siswa kelas VIII terhadap layanan konseling individual pada tahap penafsiran berada pada tingkat tinggi yitu 76,98% (4) persepsi siswa kelas VIII terhadap layanan konseling individual pada tahap pembinaan berada padadd tingkat tinggi 79,85% (5) persepsi siswa kelas VIII terhadap layanan konseling individual pada tahap penilaian berada pada tingkat tinggi yaitu 86,05%. Hasil penelitian diatas menunjukkan bahwa layanan konseling perorangan sudah berjalan dengan baik. Agar program layanan konseling individual lebih optimal lagi guru pembimbing perlu untuk memperdalam lagi keterampilan tentang pelaksanaan konseling inidividual.
Pengembangan dan Validasi Instrumen Kepercayaan Diri Siswa dalam Merespon
Authors: Pohan Rizky Andana
Published: August 2023

The activity of responding to learning in the classroom is one of the indicators of the success of the learning process. One aspect that is very influential on students' ability to respond during learning is self-confidence. This study aims to develop and validate a student confidence instrument in responding to learning that can be used by counselors / counseling teachers in schools and researchers in the field of counseling. The instrument developed can measure students' level of confidence in responding. This research and development study was conducted in 2015 at SMA Negeri 8 Padang. The aspects of self-confidence measured in the instrument include: believing in themselves in responding, thinking positively in responding, having an internal locus of control in responding, and daring to accept and face the rejection of others in responding based on the theory of Fatimah (2008); Lauster (2012); Goel and Agarwal (2012). The validity test uses product moment correlation with an overall item validity value of 0.441. The reliability test used the Croncbach Alpha formula with a coefficient value of 0.705. The results of this data analysis mean that the self-confidence instrument in responding can be declared valid and reliable. So that the instrument of student confidence in responding to the developed can be used by school counselors / counseling teachers and counseling researchers to be able to measure the level of student confidence in responding to learning in the classroom.
Konseling Cognitive Behavior Therapy dalam Mereduksi Prokrastinasi Menyelesaikan Skripsi
Authors: Putri Ramtia Darma , Ramadhani Erfan , Laras Palasara Brahmani , Suhardita Kadek
Published: August 2023

The delay in completing the thesis begins with the student's mindset that affects the actions taken in completing their responsibilities in working on the thesis. Students should be able to do something that is not useful, on the contrary, postpone doing the thesis by doing fun activities. The delay in completing the thesis is often known as procrastination in completing the thesis. This delay can be given intervention counseling services using the Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) approach. The purpose of writing this article is to see the extent to which the use of the Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) approach in overcoming the problem of student thesis completion. The research method used in writing this article uses a literature review that utilizes 9 relevant research results. Based on the literature that has been carried out, the conclusion in this article is the effectiveness of the Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) counseling approach in overcoming various cognitive problems that affect behavior, especially in procrastinating students' thesis completion.
Mexico's foreign trade in the second half of the XIX century and the trade and economic interests of the Russian Empire
Authors: Shkunov Vladimir
Published: August 2023

The article is devoted to the issues of trade and economic cooperation between Russia and Mexico in the second half of the XIX century. Particular attention is paid to the range of imports and exports, the volume of bilateral trade, the supply channels of Mexican goods to the Russian market. The author uses literature in Russian, English, Spanish, and German as sources: reference and statistical materials, journalism, narrative sources, etc.
Cooperation between China and LCA countries in the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative
Authors: Babaev Kirill V.
Published: August 2023

The article discusses two of the most priority areas for China's cooperation with Latin and Caribbean America (LCA) countries within the framework of the Chinese Belt and Road Initiative – transport infrastructure and energy. The development of transport infrastructure will allow China to facilitate the access of Chinese goods directly to Latin and Caribbean America as well as to the countries lying on the tropic of Capricorn. The energy partnership under the Belt and Road initiative through construction of power plants in LCA countries will allow Beijing to stimulate trade electronic products and create fleets of cars that use alternative energy sources. Chinese enterprises are actively involved in the construction of local hydroelectric power plants, projects for the use of solar energy, wind energy and other renewable energy sources, and are also exploring opportunities for the «green» economic cooperation, which will contribute to the further development of diversified investment cooperation between the two countries.
New Representations for Potential Failure Modes and Corrective Actions in FMEA
Authors: Ngian Seng Kai , Tay Kai Meng
Published: August 2023

Failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) is a popular reliability tool in petroleum engineering. In FMEA, potential failure modes or corrective actions are evaluated, each assigned a Risk Priority Number (RPN) score, and prioritized for decision making. FMEA is also known as Failure Modes, Effects, and Criticality Analysis (FMECA), while focuses on failure modes prioritization. Despite of the popularity of FMEA and FMECA, it is not clear, how potential failure modes and corrective actions could be represented systematically, for effective decision making. In this paper, two new representations (i.e., a tree representation and a vector representation), for potential failure modes and corrective actions, are proposed. The tree representation for a potential failure mode allows its root cause(s), effect(s) and corrective action(s), together with their severity, occurrence and detection rating(s), to be represented as a three-layer tree model. The tree representation for a corrective action with similar contents is outlined too. The RPN model, together with its score, is represented as a node of the tree model. These tree models can also be represented as their associated equivalence layered-vector representations. In this paper, the usefulness of the proposed approaches is illustrated with benchmark FMEA worksheets pertaining to petroleum engineering.
Modelling of Fracturing Half-Length and Spacing in Shale Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Ayoub Mohammed A. , Ibrahim Mohamed A. , Negash Berihun Mamo , Mohyeldinn Mysara Eissa
Published: August 2023

The growing energy demand coupled with depletion of regular hydrocarbon reserves have greatly increased the significance of shale gas reservoirs. This study examines the fracture half-length and spacing affects in shale gas-reservoirs interpreted through the pressure drop rates and the production rates. This work aims to comprehend the variables, such as Klingenberg effects, Knudsen diffusion, non-Darcy flow, and the dual porosity caused by a fractured system, that influence the flow-behaviour in reservoirs of shale gas. The most fitting mathematical model for shale gas reservoirs was chosen after careful consideration of the several suggested mathematical models. Additionally, to examine and model the ideal half-length and spacing of the shale gas reservoir, suitable parameters for the reservoir system and simulation model were developed. This section discusses how the matrix permeability and the natural fracture-networks affect the fracture parameters designs. The study revealed that the reservoir parameters have a significant influence on the fracture half-length designs as well as the fracture-spacing plans. Similarly, whilst both the matrix permeability and the natural-fracture permeability effect fracture-spacing, the fracture half-length is impartial to matrix-permeabilities.
Stackelberg Games with Fuzzy Random Variables Based on Simple Recourses
Authors: Yano Hitoshi
Published: August 2023

Stackelberg games with simple recourses are formulated, in which the coefficients of equality constraints are represented as continuous type fuzzy random variables or discrete type ones. In general, these problems cannot be solved by applying the conventional methods, since simple recourses involving fuzzy random variables have not been defined. To cope with such fuzzy random variables, a possibility measure concept is applied. Then, two kinds of Stackelberg games with simple recourses are converted into usual optimization problems for some fixed degrees of permissible possibility levels specified by the first level’s player. For the transformed optimization problems, the Stackelberg solution concept of the first level’s player is introduced. By using an example, the property of the proposed Stackelberg solution concept is explained.
Derivative of Disproportion Functions for Pattern Recognition
Authors: Avramenko Viktor V. , Kalashnykova Nataliya I. , Kalashnikov Viacheslav V. , Watada Junzo
Published: August 2023

In this chapter, we explore the application of the derivative of disproportion functions in developing a cryptographic system and a pattern recognition technique. Firstly, we present an algorithm that utilizes focal functions, known as functions of disproportion, in a cryptographic system. The transmitted symbols are encrypted using the weighted sum of at least two of these functions with randomly generated coefficients. Numerical experiments demonstrate the robustness and reliability of the proposed procedure. Furthermore, we demonstrate how the derivative of disproportion functions can govern a dynamic process, serving as a tool to identify the form of a real-valued function. This process enables us to determine the class to which the function belongs, independently of its unknown parameter values.
Enumeration Approach in Condensate Banking Study of Gas Condensate Reservoir
Authors: Fuad Iqmal Irsyad M. , Lee Jang Hyun , Negash Berihun Mamo , Akhir Nur Asyraf Md.
Published: August 2023

This paper presents Enumeration Method in gas condensate reservoir simulation to study the condensate banking complex physics phenomena. Initially, coarse scale grid is commonly used for gas condensate reservoir simulation study. Nevertheless, the coarse scale simulation disregards the condensate bank or it is not able to demonstrate the precise distribution and effects. By introducing Local Grid Refinement (LGR) in simulation model arguably brings a better representation of the condensate bank effect near wellbore but significantly increases the run time. This become severe especially in full field modeling with comingled production. Therefore, enumeration initialization approach was developed to divide the simulation explicitly in coarse scale simulation. During the stops, a region near wellbore was designed where condensate bank parameters were modified based on the history matching. Hence, the drastic change of well performance due to condensate banking could be captured. This drastic change could not physically described in conventional coarse scale simulation model, thus affect prediction accuracy. Comparison between enumeration ways with conventional approach were then investigated. It was found that enumeration method shows a better prediction in investigating the behavior. This is due to its ability to predict mobility changes due to condensate banking, consequently, improve the condensate bank characterization.
فقہی مباحث میں تحقیق کاطریقہ کار،دو(2) تمثیلی موضوعات کاتطبیقی مطالعہ
Authors: Humaira Ahmad  , Sajid Anwar  , Inayat Ur Rahman
Published: August 2023

Holy Quran and Hadith guide us about basics of research methods. The verse about verification of a news, if the narrator is not reliable and ahadith about prohibition of fake news are some examples, even if a matter is true and factual, Sharia guides to write it down, as a caution. Islamic research methodology is found in classical Fiqhi discourses, though it comes after the Hadith sciences. Fiqhi domain covers almost every sphere of life, its derived injunctions are applicable in social, political, economic and judicial matters which makes its research, while deriving injunctions, more important and its methodology more reliable. Fiqh addresses daily life matters and, supposedly, the future matters. Research methods applied in Fiqh are somewhat different from other research methodologies. Fiqhi methods like Istinbat (derivation), Istikhraj (extracted) and Ijtihad (free reasoning to solve current issues) are followed in Islamic discourses. Fiqh al aqalliat (jurisprudence of minorities) and Fiqh al Halal (Jurisprudence of declaring something as Halal or Haram) are addressing today’s issues faced by Muslim societies. Allegorical debates are always important to solve current as well as upcoming problems.
Slow diffusion around pulsar 𝜸-ray halos and its impact on cosmic rays propagation
Authors: Bi Xiaojun
Published: August 2023

The diffusion coefficients around the pulsar \(\gamma\)-ray halos are highly suppressed compared with the value in the interstellar medium. It is suggested in the literature that the \(\gamma\)-ray halos can be explained by a ballistic-diffusive (BD) propagation without slow diffusion. However, our calculation shows that the BD propagation cannot account for the \(\gamma\)-ray halo profile well. Furthermore, the transfer efficiency of the pulsar spin-down energy to the high-energy electrons and positrons is even larger than 1 in the BD scenario. Therefore, slow diffusion is necessary to account for the pulsar \(\gamma\)-ray halos. Taking the slow diffusion into account, the contribution of positron flux originating from nearby pulsars to the AMS-02 data is reexamined. We may also expect a slow diffusion disk of the Milky Way as many such slow diffusion regions exist. The positron contribution to the AMS-02 data from dark matter annihilation in the new propagation model is also reexamined. We find that the dark matter scenario satisfies all the \(\gamma\)-ray limits in the new propagation model.
Mutational selection: fragile sites, replicative stress, and genome evolution
Authors: Haig David
Published: August 2023

New mutations compete in the germline with their unmutated progenitors. Successful genes accumulate functions that are easily broken by small mutational changes, thus placing their own mutants at a selective disadvantage. Their germline phenotypes evolve to be fragile rather than robust to the effects of mutation. Genetic recombination, by contrast, favors robust interactions among parts that must maintain function in many different combinations. Fragile epistatic dependencies are predicted among closely-linked sites with more robust interactions predicted among sites that recombine freely on the time-scale of mutation. Genes can compete for dominance with alternative alleles subjecting the ‘dominant’ allele to mutational selection but protecting the ‘recessive’ allele from such selection. Genes that function in DNA replication and repair are predicted to evolve features that challenge their own abilities because these challenges place their own loss-of-competence mutations at a selective disadvantage. This process may help to explain the evolution of fragile sites that test the competence of the machinery of replication and repair.
Is Indian Costus Effective Against the SARS-CoV-2 Virus?
Authors: Al.Fadal Sabaa
Published: August 2023

Indian costus is a medicinal plant that is widely used in the Middle East to treat a variety of health problems, especially respiratory diseases. Its active constituents, which include flavonoids, sesquiterpene terpenes, and anthraquinones, have powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. During the COVID-19 pandemic, many people have turned to Indian costus to reduce the symptoms of the virus or to support their immune systems. This is because the plant is rich in active constituents and has been used for centuries to treat a variety of diseases.
Annihilation-free chemical theory of subatomic particles
Authors: Avner Stéphane , Richard Patrick
Published: August 2023

Decays and annihilations observed in particle physics have so far prevented unifying subatomic particles into a chemical scheme. Here we hypothesise that photons, rather than being absorbed, are captured by particles, conserving their integrity while remaining undetected. Therefrom, an annihilation-free chemical model of leptons, hadrons and gauge bosons is conjectured by introducing concealed photons. Our model conserves and reorganises _indestructible_ coloured subparticles across subatomic reactions. Clues to weak interaction asymmetry naturally emerge from the chemical model. Antimatter particles appear to be more complex than matter particles, possibly suggesting why the former are scarce in the universe. The conservation laws of the standard model are satisfied, and its symmetries investigated. Experiments to verify the existence of overlooked photons are proposed. Confirmation of our theory would convey the principles of chemistry into the world of subatomic particles and reveal a profound unity among all particles.
The Impact of Urban Design in minimizing Women’s Fear of Crime
Authors: Maniyan Rashmi
Published: August 2023

Crime is a condition that infringes on an individual’s right to live in a tranquil and secure environment. Each year the rate of crime is increasing in tandem with technical advancement and urbanization. On the other hand, fear is characterized as anxiety or worries about being harmed or victimized. One crucial outcome of rising crime rates is a psychological phobia, which breeds fear of crime. In society, those who are already weak on the socio-economic and psychological fronts may lack the means to defend themselves from high-crime areas and will be plagued by their fear of crime. Areas like low-density public spaces, curving trails with poor lighting, urban forest with unclear vision lines, and destitute and abandoned structures with minimal human traffic are more prevalent in crime activities. Thefts, robbery, sexual assault, homicide, are among the more prevalent crimes in India, which has a wide spectrum of criminal categories. The majority of these incidents take place in metropolitan areas. This paper discusses how a conurbation design can help women to feel safe and comfortable using a space in the urban setting without the fear of victimization, thus reducing deleterious activities. Concepts of Situation Crime Prevention (SCP), Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED), can minimize the opportunities for crime and fear of crime. The methodology consists of a questionnaire to 320 women in urban, peri-urban settings who experience a fear of crime while using public spaces. The result of this paper indicates that a destitute urban setting instigates offenders to involve in malevolent activities, thus perniciously increasing the fear of crime. In contrary to this, Secured cities with cohesive communities, and mixed land use with bustling activities throughout the day can lessen the opportunities for crime and could create defensible spaces.
Review Study: Blockchain Application in Payroll System
Authors: Ahmed Mahmood Maaroof , Shakir Ahmed Chalak
Published: August 2023

In this era, where business execution is primarily reliant on information, the sooner and more precisely it is received, the better. Blockchain is great for information sharing because it provides instant, shareable, and entirely transparent data kept in an immutable ledger that only network users with permission may access. On the blockchain network, virtually any asset may be recorded and exchanged, reducing risk and expense for all parties involved. This research focuses on blockchain payroll implementation. It is critical to employ the proper tactics to preserve and improve payroll, as blockchain technology is critical for securing the payroll system because it can move both value and information. This review paper's main point is that blockchain technology can be used to reduce overhead and administrative burden, reduce tax spending, and promote openness and accountability in a variety of situations. Blockchain challenges to the payroll system and implementation issues have been highlighted. Given the quantity and complexity of blockchain issues, many of the most significant blockchain roadblocks are characteristic of any new technology's growing pains. The benefits and challenges of using blockchain technology in payroll procedures were discussed after the study. It was determined that doing so would make all employee records and employer payments matching instantly available at the minute level to various governmental organizations. At a fraction of the cost of current payroll compliance utilizing a fiat cryptocurrency, a blockchain payroll application will provide quick payroll compliance. A blockchain framework that is approved for use with payroll systems and is encrypted using the high-efficiency encryption algorithm to ensure its high security will need to be designed and evaluated.
Transforming state-owned enterprises in Vietnam until 2030: orientations and solutions
Authors:   National Economis University, Hanoi, Vietnam, Le Mai Huynh , Ngo Quoc Dung ,   National Economis University, Hanoi, Vietnam, Nguyen Hoa Quynh ,   National Economis University, Hanoi, Vietnam
Published: August 2023

In recent years of renovation, Vietnam has consistently implemented the policy of developing a multi-sector economy based on market mechanism and managed by the State. Vietnam has built a relatively complete system of policies and legislation on the transformation of state-owned enterprises (SOEs). With the equitization process, although the number of SOEs is gradually decreasing, accounting for a low proportion in terms of quantity in the entire enterprise sector, it still holds a large amount of resources in terms of capital and assets, generates revenue and has a significant contribution to the state budget. However, the results of the transformation of SOEs are still limited, including: The progress of equitization and divestment is still slow, development strategies of many SOEs are not clear, the choice of investment structure, resource mobilization is still confusing, financial capacity is limited, management efficiency, investment efficiency, production and business efficiency are still low... These inadequacies may originate from the content of the policy or in the organization of business activities of SOEs with low efficiency. The article focuses on assessing the overall process of SOEs transformation in the transition to a market economy, especially from 2011 to now. The article points out the successes and limitations, identifies the causes of the limitations in order to overcome and adjust the SOE transformation process in the coming period.
Psychological factors and ethical consumption: The case of Vietnamese youths
Authors:   International University, VNU - HCM, Vietnam, Nguyen Thi Minh Thu , Le Dinh Minh Tri ,   International University, VNU - HCM, Vietnam, Hoang Thi Que Huong ,   University of Economics and Law, VNU - HCM, Vietnam, Ha Minh Tri ,   International University, VNU - HCM, Vietnam
Published: August 2023

The problems of global warming and sustainability, which are now causes for concern, will, in some way, have an impact on our lives. As a consequence of an increased focus on ethical consumerism, rapidly developing countries such as Vietnam are seeing a change in consumer behaviors as well as the marketing strategies used by corporations. This means that marketers must learn more about what makes people want to shop ethically. In particular, the goal of this research is to explore the psychological factors that impact the ethical consumption habits of young people. The data was compiled through surveys with 361 Vietnamese young people ranging in age from 12 to 33 years old and taken from various parts of the country. Both the independent and the dependent variables have branched off into distinct obstructs in a manner that is inconsistent with the initial scale. This study showed that there are three different types of ethical consumer behavior in Vietnam: ETHICBUY, ECOBOYCOTT, and CSRBOYCOTT. According to the results, alienation, altruism, and perceived employee welfare effectiveness all have an effect on the likelihood of engaging in ethical buying (ETHICBUY). However, alienation and perceived ecological consumer effectiveness have been shown to have an effect on the 3-item ECOBOYCOTT. Last but not least, predictors of CSRBOYCOTT include alienation, environmental concern, and the perceived effectiveness of employee welfare programs. In other words, alienation is perhaps the prospective component that has the most influence on unethical spending based on the findings of this research. These findings could be helpful for marketers that want to increase their capacity to target customers who adhere to ethical norms when they promote their products or services.