bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Squaraine-based AIEgens for reversible mechanochromism, sensitive and selective hypochlorite detection and photostable far-red fluorescence cell imaging
Authors: Qiao Weiguo , Yao Peigen , Chen Yu , Xiao Qi , Zhang Lianbin , Li Zhong’an
Published: July 2020

Squaraines have been successfully designed to exhibit AIE properties based on TPE-functionalized diarylamine derivatives. The modification of end-groups can endow the derived dyes with different optical properties for different applications.
Optimizing chemical reaction conditions using deep learning: a case study for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction
Authors: Fu Zunyun , Li Xutong , Wang Zhaohui , Li Zhaojun , Liu Xiaohong , Wu Xiaolong , Zhao Jihui , Ding Xiaoyu , Wan Xiaozhe , Zhong Feisheng , Wang Dingyan , Luo Xiaomin , Chen Kaixian , Liu Hong , Wang Jiang , Jiang Hualiang , Zheng Mingyue
Published: July 2020

Deep learning was used to optimize chemical reactions with the quantum mechanical properties of chemical contexts and reaction conditions as inputs. The trained deep learning model determines optimal reaction conditions by in silico exploration of accessible reaction space.
Effects of different potassium and nitrogen pretreatment strategies on anaerobic digestion performance of rice straw
Authors: Luo Juan , Li Juan , Zhang Liang , Li Nankun , Wachemo Akiber Chufo , Liu Chunmei , Yuan Hairong , Li Xiujin
Published: July 2020

The effects of different potassium and nitrogen pretreatment strategies on the anaerobic digestion (AD) performance of rice straw (RS) were investigated.
Structural transformation and nature of defects in titanium carbide treated in different redox atmospheres
Authors: Ivanovskaya Maria , Ovodok Evgeni , Kotsikau Dzmitry , Azarko Igor , Micusik Matej , Omastova Maria , Golovanov Vyacheslav
Published: July 2020

The state of the surface and the formation of paramagnetic defects (carbon vacancies, Ti3+ and O− centers) in titanium carbide after thermal treatment under different ambient conditions have been studied.
A multi-technique study of altered granitic rock from the Krunkelbach Valley uranium deposit, Southern Germany
Authors: Pidchenko Ivan , Bauters Stephen , Sinenko Irina , Hempel Simone , Amidani Lucia , Detollenaere Dirk , Vinze Laszlo , Banerjee Dipanjan , van Silfhout Roelof , Kalmykov Stepan N. , Göttlicher Jörg , Baker Robert J. , Kvashnina Kristina O.
Published: July 2020

A multi-technique elemental and microphase analysis of altered granitic rock from the Krunkelbach Valley uranium deposit, Black Forest, Southern Germany.
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new 6,N2-diaryl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamines as anticancer agents selectively targeting triple negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Junaid Ahmad , Lim Felicia Phei Lin , Tiekink Edward R. T. , Dolzhenko Anton V.
Published: July 2020

New highly potent and selective 6,N2-diaryl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamines were designed and prepared using the 3D-QSAR model developed earlier.
Continuous production of iron oxide nanoparticles via fast and economical high temperature synthesis
Authors: Besenhard Maximilian O. , LaGrow Alec P. , Famiani Simone , Pucciarelli Martina , Lettieri Paola , Thanh Nguyen Thi Kim , Gavriilidis Asterios
Published: July 2020

A continuous, fast and economical high temperature synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles was developed and compared to a conventional batch synthesis in terms of production costs.
Calixarene-supported Pd–NHC complexes as efficient catalysts for scalable Suzuki–Miyaura cross-couplings
Authors: Labattut Axel , Abi Fayssal Sandra , Buendia Julien , Abdellah Ibrahim , Huc Vincent , Martini Cyril , Schulz Emmanuelle
Published: July 2020

Calixarene-supported PEPPSI-catalysts deliver high yielding and almost Pd trace-free Suzuki–Miyaura coupling products.
Cost-effective thiophene-assisted novel dopant-free hole transport materials for efficient perovskite solar cell performance
Authors: SasiKumar M. , Maddala Gurulakshmi , Ambapuram Meenakshamma , Subburu Mahesh , Vaidya Jayathirtha Rao , Babu S. Narendra , Chetti Prabhakar , Mitty Raghavender , Pola Someshwar
Published: July 2020

Cost-effective, novel dopant-free hole transport material-assisted perovskite solar cells exhibit a champion short-circuit density 25.73 mA cm−2 and power conversion efficiency of 17.60%.
Diffusiophoresis: from dilute to concentrated electrolytes
Authors: Gupta Ankur , Shim Suin , Stone Howard A.
Published: July 2020

The underappreciated effect of ion concentration on diffusiophoretic mobility is investigated, both theoretically and experimentally. It is demonstrated that diffusiophoretic mobility possesses a maximum with ion concentration.
Mesoporous trimetallic PtPdAu alloy films toward enhanced electrocatalytic activity in methanol oxidation: unexpected chemical compositions discovered by Bayesian optimization
Authors: Nugraha Asep Sugih , Lambard Guillaume , Na Jongbeom , Hossain Md Shahriar A. , Asahi Toru , Chaikittisilp Watcharop , Yamauchi Yusuke
Published: July 2020

Mesoporous PtPdAu alloy films with the highest electrocatalytic activity are discovered by the active learning approach using Bayesian optimization.
Highly efficient overall water splitting over a porous interconnected network by nickel cobalt oxysulfide interfacial assembled Cu@Cu2S nanowires
Authors: Tran Duy Thanh , Hoa Van Hien , Le Huu Tuan , Kim Nam Hoon , Lee Joong Hee
Published: July 2020

A highly efficient electrocatalyst based on nickel cobalt oxysulfide interfacial assembled Cu@Cu2S nanowire arrays was constructed for simultaneously accelerating HER and OER in alkaline medium.
In situ grown 2D hydrated ammonium vanadate nanosheets on carbon cloth as a free-standing cathode for high-performance rechargeable Zn-ion batteries
Authors: Jiang Hanmei , Zhang Yifu , Liu Yanyan , Yang Jie , Xu Lei , Wang Peng , Gao Zhanming , Zheng Jiqi , Meng Changgong , Pan Zhenghui
Published: July 2020

Ultrathin 2D ammonium vanadate nanosheets were grown on alkali-treated carbon cloth via a facile hydrothermal method. This free-standing cathode enables fast ion/electronic transport and reduces the aggregation of ultrathin ammonium vanadate nanosheets.
Affinity-engineered carbon nanofibers as a scaffold for Na metal anodes
Authors: Susca Alessandro , Liu Jiapeng , Cui Jiang , Mubarak Nauman , Wu Junxiong , Ihsan-Ul-Haq Muhammad , Ciucci Francesco , Kim Jang-Kyo
Published: July 2020

A scalable scaffold made of carbon nanofibers modified with embedded ZnO nanoparticles as facile nucleation sites for stable plating and stripping of Na is developed, leading to much ameliorated cyclic stability at high current densities.
3D geometrically structured PANI/CNT-decorated polydimethylsiloxane active pressure and temperature dual-parameter sensors for man–machine interaction applications
Authors: Wang Yalong , Mao Hongye , Wang Yao , Zhu Pengcheng , Liu Chenghao , Deng Yuan
Published: July 2020

A dual-parameter sensor with high sensitivity, broad response range, fast response and long-term stability in practical sensing application scenarios has been demonstrated.
Synthetic biology approaches towards the recycling of metals from the environment
Authors: Capeness Michael J. , Horsfall Louise E.
Published: July 2020

Metals are a finite resource and their demand for use within existing and new technologies means metal scarcity is increasingly a global challenge. Conversely, there are areas containing such high levels of metal pollution that they are hazardous to life, and there is loss of material at every stage of the lifecycle of metals and their products. While traditional resource extraction methods are becoming less cost effective, due to a lowering quality of ore, industrial practices have begun turning to newer technologies to tap into metal resources currently locked up in contaminated land or lost in the extraction and manufacturing processes. One such technology uses biology for the remediation of metals, simultaneously extracting resources, decontaminating land, and reducing waste. Using biology for the identification and recovery of metals is considered a much ‘greener’ alternative to that of chemical methods, and this approach is about to undergo a renaissance thanks to synthetic biology. Synthetic biology couples molecular genetics with traditional engineering principles, incorporating a modular and standardised practice into the assembly of genetic parts. This has allowed the use of non-model organisms in place of the normal laboratory strains, as well as the adaption of environmentally sourced genetic material to standardised parts and practices. While synthetic biology is revolutionising the genetic capability of standard model organisms, there has been limited incursion into current practices for the biological recovery of metals from environmental sources. This mini-review will focus on some of the areas that have potential roles to play in these processes.
Age-specific changes in cognitive function
Authors: Sidenkova Alena , Sorokina Anara , Litvinenko Vasilisa , Novoselov Artem , Serdyuk Oleg
Published: July 2020

Currently, the number of cases of pathological aging of the central nervous system, represented by a violation of cognitive functions, is increasing. But there is a social request to prolong the physical and mental activity of older people. The study of the dynamics of cognitive aging is timely and relevant. The article contains a report on a cohore non-repeating study of higher brain functions at various age periods. 148 people involved. Their age is 27 -74 years. They are right handed. We applied the screening neuropsychological method. Statistical data processing was performed using SPSS Statistics 17.0 (Mann-Whitney U-test). The dynamic heterogeneity of the cognitive profile during aging was revealed. The deterioration in the performance of the graphomotor test was the most age-specific. In older study participants, a decrease in the visual gnosis test correlated with a decrease in non-verbal intelligence. The decrease in executive functions correlated with the growth of neurodynamic disorders in elderly study participants. The results obtained are useful for differentiating normative and pathological aging of the central nervous system.
The mechanisms of the protective effect of education in cognitive aging
Authors: Sidenkova Alena , Litvinenko Vasilisa , Kalinin Ilya
Published: July 2020

Frequent cases of pathological brain aging are an important scientific and social problem. Some people have the ability to compensate for the initial manifestations of pathological aging and delay the development of the clinical phenomena of the disease. The concept of “cognitive reserve” allows us to study the possibilities of increasing brain stability in conditions of pathological aging. The identification of the dominant form of thinking, converging or diverging, reveals possible neurophysiological mechanisms of the cognitive reserve. Understanding the mechanisms of formation of individual cognitive styles actualizes the contribution of the “Education” factor to the development of the cognitive reserve. The research material was scientific publications on the topic of work. It was revealed that the “education” factor can realize its protective effect on the pathological aging of the brain due to the formation of an adaptive form of thinking. The data presented in this review make it possible to substantiate the medical and social significance of educational programs for people of mature and older age.
Approaches to preventive periodontal care for geriatric patients with somatic disorders
Authors: Elovikova Tatiana , Sablina Svetlana , Grigorjev Sergei , Karaseva Vera , Koscheev Anatoly
Published: July 2020

During the last two decades the acute interest in longevity has been kept by the world’s scientific community in relation to quality of health of older adults and prevention of emerging diseases including oral disorders in the old age. This article presents the study of oral conditions in 100 patients between the ages of 60 and 69 who were divided into three groups. This study aims to define approaches to preventive periodontal care for elderly patients with comorbidities. The primary group included patients with periodontal disease (PD) and salivary gland dysfunction: Sjogren’s disease and syndrome, non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, chronic pancreatitis. Two experimental groups included patients with normal salivary gland function and PD as well practically healthy persons without PD and normal salivary gland function. A comparative analysis of the results showed spread of dental caries (100%) and periodontal diseases (80%). The clear correlation between periodontium complex inflammation and poor oral hygiene is defined, mostly with men (p<0.05). Structural and optical properties of mixed saliva significantly change subject to periodontium inflammation and xerostomia: severity of xerostomia corresponding to profound hemodynamic and microcirculatory changes causes more intensive structural developmental abnormalities of mixed saliva. The important component of the Periodontal Treatment Protocol is to help older people develop skills and controls of effective thorough tooth brushing.
In-silico study of age-related ionic remodeling in human ventricular cardiomyocytes
Authors: Dokuchaev Arsenii , Khamzin Svyatoslav , Solovyova Olga
Published: July 2020

Ageing is one of the dominant risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. A large number of experimental data is collected on the cellular remodeling in the ageing myocardium from mammals, but very little is known about the human cardiomyocytes. We used a combined electro-mechanical model of human ventricular cardiomyocytes and a population of models approach to investigate the variability in the response of cardiomyocytes to age-related changes in model parameters of the ionic currents.

To generate a control model population, we varied 9 ionic parameters and excluded model samples with biomarkers of cellular action potential (AP) and Ca2+ transient (CT) falling outside the physiological ranges. Using the control population of models, we evaluated the response to age-related reduction in the K+ transient outward current, SERCA pump, and an increase in the Na+Ca2+ exchange current and L-type Ca2+ current. Then, we randomly generated 60 age-related sets of the 4 parameters and applied each set to every model in the control population. We showed an increase in the frequency of repolarization anomalies (RA) and critical AP prolongation in the ageing model populations suggesting arrhythmogenic effects of the ionic remodeling. The population based approach allowed us to assess the pro-arrhythmic contribution of the ionic parameters in ageing cardiomyocytes.
In-silico analysis of aging mechanisms of action potential remodeling in human atrial cardiomyocites
Authors: Nesterova Tatyana , Shmarko Dmitry , Ushenin Konstantin , Solovyova Olga
Published: July 2020

Electrophysiology of cardiomyocytes changes with aging. Agerelated ionic remodeling in cardiomyocytes may increase the incidence and prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in the elderly and affect the efficiency of antiarrhythmic drugs. There is the deep lack of experimental data on an action potential and transmembrane currents recorded in the healthy human cardiomyocytes of different age. Experimental data in mammals is also incomplete and often contradicting depending on the experimental conditions. In this in-silico study, we used a population of ionic models of human atrial cardiomyocytes to transfer data on the age- related ionic remodeling in atrial cardiomyocytes from canines and mice to predict possible consequences for human cardiomyocyte activity. Based on experimental data, we analyzes two hypotheses on the aging effect on the ionic currents using two age-related sets of varied model parameters and evaluated corresponding changes in action potential morphology with aging. Using the two populations of aging models, we analyzed the agedependent sensitivity of atrial cardiomyocytes to Dofetilide which is one of the antiarrhythmic drugs widely used in patients with atrial fibrillation.
Comparative evaluation of adhesive performance to dentin: study in patients of different ages
Authors: Mandra J.V. , Votyakov S.L. , Smirnova M.E. , Zholudev S.E. , Grigorjev S.S.
Published: July 2020

The article describes in vitro evaluation of the micro-shear bond strength between composite resin and dentin specimens treated with self-etching, total-etching and universal dental adhesives for patients of different ages. The authors compared microstructure of resin-infiltrated zone for self-etching, total-etching and universal dental adhesive systems by means of scanning electron microscopy. These findings presented negatively effects of aging on the bond strength of dentinal surfaces and the advantages of adhesive protocol with universal adhesives for all ages.
Formation of local immunity in infants on different types of feeding
Authors: Borodulina Tatyana , Sokolova Natalia , Sannikova Natalia , Martynova Tatiana
Published: July 2020

Rational feeding from the early days of life programs the health, growth and development of the child over the following years. By the age of 6 months children on artificial feeding are reliably more likely to form excess body weight. The nature of nutrition depends on the condition of the overall and local immune protection of the child. Application of non-invasive methods for determining sIgA (in oral fluid (saliva), in coprofiltrate) allows to assess local immunity in infancy age. Breastfed infants receive sIgA with mother’s milk and have additional protection against the pathogens of respiratory and intestinal infections. The level of sIgA in the mother’s breast milk can be determined to assess the condition of children’s immunity. Children on breastfeeding experience acute respiratory diseases less often compared to children fed with adapted milk formula.
Monitoring of the trophological status of children for early detection of alimentary dependent diseases
Authors: Levchuk Larisa , Sannikova Natalia , Borodulina Tatiana , Kolyasnikova Marina , Mukhametshina Gulnara
Published: July 2020

Food deficits are now a serious problem because they often lead to the development of health disorders and the formation of chronic pathology. The article presents the results of nutritional status assessment including the study of actual nutrition, health, physical development and availability of a number of macro and micronutrients in 493 children aged 3 to 11 years. Early formation of excess body weight and obesity and their relationship with the development of chronic diseases, decrease of physical performance has been proved. Biochemical markers for cardiovascular disease risk in these age groups have been found. The combination of micronutrients deficiency such as calcium, iron, zinc adversely affects the level of health and development of children, which determines the need to introduce a set of preventive measures.
Pulpectomy versus pulpotomy in the treatment primary molars with chronic pulpitis
Authors: Brusnitsyna Elena , Zakirov Taras , Ioshenko Evgeniy , Saipeeva Maria , Stati Tatiana
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes and survival of pulpectomy and pulpotomy in primary molars with chronic fibrous pulpitis. Significant differences in radiological failure rates were found among the groups of pulpectomy and pulpotomy (RR=2.00, 95% CI 1.30 to 3.07). No significant differences post-treatment survival were observed among the groups: 26.46±1.36 months and 25.76±1.47 (p=0.730).
Compositional and micromorphological features of hypoplastic enamel in children’s permanent teeth
Authors: Ozhgikhina Natalya , Kiseleva Daria , Shagalov Evgeny , Bimbas Evgenia , Myagkova Natalya
Published: July 2020

Enamel hypoplasia is the most common disease of hard tooth tissues of non-carious origin emerging before their eruption. It develops as a result of a delayed and perverse function of ameloblasts leading to the violation of the processes of formation and mineralization of tooth protein structures. The clinical manifestations of enamel hypoplasia are spots, defects in the form of pits, cup-shaped depressions, grooves on various surfaces of child’s teeth. The work is devoted to a comparative investigation of microstructural and compositional features of intact and hypoplastic enamel in children’s permanent teeth using analytical scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The hypoplastic enamel is enriched in organic substance and has an irregular structure without keyhole-shaped prismatic structure. Mineral deposition is indicated for hypoplastic enamel including hydroxyapatite with globular structure and calcite and halite, which might have been caused by the violation of extracellular local environment probably due to the enamel hypoplasia development.
Determination rate of the Staphylococcus spp. and Candida spp. on skin of children living with HIV infection
Authors: Ufimtseva Marina , Nikolaeva Kristina , Sabitov Alebai , Voroshilina Ekaterina , Savchenko Natalia
Published: July 2020

On 01.07.2019, more than 1, 000 children were diagnosed with HIV infection in the Sverdlovsk region. Studies on the prevalence of dermatoses in HIV-positive children indicate a high incidence of viral, fungal and bacterial infections of the skin, compared with HIV-negative children. The skin is the environment in which a diverse community of microorganisms (microbiota) lives. The Global Human Microbiome Project proved the uniqueness of the human microbiome, and suggests to study the effect of human immunity on the formation of microbiome diversity models. The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence of S. aureus, S. spp., C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. tropicalis / C. parapsilosis as a part of skin microbiota in HIV-positive children by polymerase chain reaction.
The role of thrombophilia genes in the clinical implementation of arterial and venous thrombosis in newborns
Authors: Filippova O. A. , Vakhlova I. V. , Tsaur G. A. , Kuznetsov N. N. , Abolina T. B.
Published: July 2020

The article considers the analysis results of the occurrence frequency of genotypes and alleles of plasma, platelet and fibrinolytic hemostasis in full-term newborns with arterial and venous thrombosis of various localization. Gene polymorphisms were studied by real-time PCR in human DNA samples obtained from buccal epithelium and venous blood lymphocytes. The control group was a group of healthy full-term newborns from families without a thrombophilic history. Predictors of arterial and venous thrombosis in children are such as polymorphism of the plasminogen activator inhibitor gene PAI-1-675 4G/4G (OR=5,6 [2,3-13,8]), combinations of polymorphisms PAI-1-675 4G/4G + factor VII G10976A G/G (OR=5,8 [1,7-19,1]), combinations of polymorphisms PAI-1 -675 4G/4G + factor VII G10976A G/G + factor XIII Val34Leu G/G (% AR=61), fibrinogen FGB -455 G/A (OR=3,75 [1,4-9,4]) and integrin alpha 2 ITGA2 807 T/T (OR=15,56 [1,9-126,7]). Thus, the study of polymorphisms of the plasminogen activator inhibitor, fibrinogen, integrin alpha 2 can serve as one of the criteria for identifying a high-risk group for the development of arterial and venous thrombosis in newborns and should be taken into account when evaluating individual thrombophilia risk.
Optimization of hypomagnesemia diagnostics as an integral element in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation management strategy
Authors: Arkhipov Mikhail , Bozhko Yakov , Beloconova Nadejda , Kochmasheva Valentina , Chromtsova Oksana
Published: July 2020

Purpose. To study magnesium status of patients having paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) based on the use of an integrated clinical and laboratory approach. Methods. A prospective cohort study included 58 patients of the cardiology department of New Hospital Medical Association. The main group consisted of 32 patients having frequently recurring paroxysmal AF, the control group consisted of 26 patients without paroxysmal rhythm disturbance. The clinical status, Holter ECG monitoring data, the test results for magnesium deficiency (MD) clinical evidence, laboratory evidence of calcium, magnesium in blood plasma and formed elements, magnesium in whole blood, free fatty acids (FFA) and osmolality in blood plasma were assessed. Results. The score obtained when assessing MD clinical evidence was significantly higher in the main group patients compared with the control group (16.5 (11÷21) vs. 13 (8÷15), p<0.001). A statistically significant magnesium decrease in whole blood was revealed in patients having paroxysmal AF (0.54 (0.46÷0.60) vs. 0.61 (0.59÷0.64), p<0.001) and inside formed elements (0.68 (0.53÷1.07) vs. 1.31 (1.07÷1.44), p<0.001), which reflected changes in their magnesium status to a greater extent than the measured plasma cation concentrations. A close correlation between magnesium content in formed elements (intracellularly) and AF paroxysms frequency (Spearman’s rank correlation -0.51, p<0.001) was established. A violation of calcium to magnesium ratio in blood plasma (2.6 (2.5÷2.9) vs. 3.0 (2.8÷3.1), p=0.004) and intracellularly (4.85 (2.62÷9.3) vs. 1.85 (1.57÷2.07), p<0.001) was revealed in patients having AF. It has been shown that complex forming interactions with free fatty acids may affect intracellular calcium and magnesium content.
Die vier Schockformen – Teil 3: obstruktiver Schock
Authors: Schebler Karoline , Wunderl Martin , Tharmaratnam Gayathiri , Jacko Tobias , Gässler Holger , Hossfeld Björn
Published: July 2020

Der obstruktive Schock stellt die gemeinsame Endstrecke mehrerer verschiedener Erkrankungen oder Verletzungen dar, die alle in ein extrakardiales Pumpversagen münden können. Der obstruktive Schock ist zwar die seltenste der Schockentitäten, ohne schnelle und zielgerichtete Therapie jedoch häufig tödlich. Dieser Übersichtsartikel beschreibt die verschiedenen zugrunde liegenden Ursachen, mögliche diagnostische Algorithmen und Hilfsmittel sowie die therapeutischen Optionen.
Management von Patienten mit Vestibularisschwannomen Typ IV
Authors: Harati Ali , Oni Paul , Schultheiß Rolf , Deitmer Thomas
Published: July 2020

Hintergrund Vestibularisschwannome (VS) sind benigne Tumoren, die anhand der Hannover-Klassifikation bzw. der Koos-Klassifizierung eingeteilt werden. Trotz der umfangreichen Literatur sind die Klinik und die Behandlungskonzepte speziell bei großen VS selten beschrieben.

Material und Methoden Zwischen 2003 und 2018 wurden 61 Patienten mit VS Typ IV durch die Arbeitsgruppe Schädelbasischirurgie am Klinikum Dortmund behandelt. Die radiologischen und klinischen Daten wurden retrospektiv ausgewertet. Zudem erfolgte eine Subgruppenanalyse zwischen Patienten mit und ohne Kompression des IV. Ventrikels.

Ergebnisse Neben einer Hörminderung bei 55 Patienten (90 %) hatten die meisten Patienten multiple Symptome wie eine Trigeminusaffektion bei 16 (26 %), eine Fazialisparese bei 7 (12 %), eine Ataxie bei 27 (45 %) und Symptome eines Hirndruckanstiegs durch einen Hydrozephalus bei 4 Patienten (7 %). Bei Patienten mit einem VS Typ IVb wurde signifikant häufiger eine Ataxie, eine tonsilläre Herniation bzw. ein Hydrozephalus festgestellt. Eine komplette Resektion wurde in 48 Patienten (78 %) erreicht und eine weitestgehende Tumorentfernung in 12 Patienten (20 %). In der Langzeituntersuchung zeigten 90 % einen günstigen Outcome bezüglich des Nervus facialis (House-und-Brackman-Grad I–III). 6 Patienten (10 %) benötigten einen dauerhaften ventrikulo-peritonealen Shunt. Mehr als 90 % der Patienten erzielten einen Karnofsky-Index > 70 %.

Diskussion VS Typ IV sind häufig assoziiert mit Hydrozephalus, Ataxie, multiplen Hirnnervenausfällen und gelegentlich Zeichen eines intrakraniellen Druckanstiegs. Die primäre mikrochirurgische Resektion ist weiterhin eine entscheidende Therapieoption.
Auswirkungen einer Hyperemesis gravidarum auf Schwangerschaftsverlauf
und Geburtsausgang unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Risikofaktors
Migrationshintergrund
Authors: Stoba Julia , Henrich Wolfgang , Richter Rolf , Sehouli Jalid , David Matthias
Published: July 2020

Fragestellung Unterscheiden sich stationär behandelte
Hyperemesis gravidarum (H.g.)-Fälle in Abhängigkeit von
einem Migrationshintergrund (MH)? Beeinflusst eine H.g den
Geburtsausgang?

Methodik Retrospektive monozentrische Datenanalyse zwischen 1997 und
2015 stationär behandelter Patientinnen mit H.g.; Erfassen von
Schwangerschaftsparametern und Daten zum Klinikaufenthalt sowie zum
Geburtsverlauf (Subgruppe).

Ergebnisse Bei 434 von 1103 stationär behandelten Schwangeren
konnte auch auf geburtshilfliche Daten zurückgegriffen werden. Der
Anteil von Frauen mit MH im H.g.-Kollektiv war überproportional
hoch, sie wurden früher in der Schwangerschaft wegen H.g.
stationär aufgenommen, waren seltener psychosozialem Stress (laut
anamnestischen Angaben) ausgesetzt. H.g.-Patientinnen insgesamt sind
jünger und haben häufiger Mehrlingsschwangerschaften. Die
Neugeborenen von H.g.-Patientinnen sind leichter (−70g), haben
weniger kongenitale Fehlbildungen (aOR 0,32, 95%CI
0,11−0,96), müssen seltener post natum auf einer
Neugeborenenstation behandelt werden (aOR 0,59, 95%CI
0,36−0,97).

Schlussfolgerung Es zeigten sich keine relevanten negativen
Auswirkungen einer H.g. auf den Geburtsausgang. Schwangere mit MH sind eine
besondere Risikogruppe für H.g
Injury and Player Availability in Women’s International
Pathway Cricket from 2015 to 2019
Authors: Goggins Luke , Warren Anna , Smart Danni , Dale Susan , Peirce Nicholas , McKay Carly , Stokes Keith A. , Williams Sean
Published: July 2020

This prospective cohort study aimed to describe injury and illness
epidemiology within women’s international pathway cricket,
understanding what influences player availability in this unique context
where players are contracted part-time. Approximately 8.4% of
players were impacted by injury or illness during the year, with an average
2.3% of players completely unavailable on any given day. Most
medical complaints occurred during training (111.2 injuries/100
players per year). Of all complaints, medical illness had the highest
overall incidence (45.0 complaints/100 players), followed by hand
injuries (24.7 injuries/100 players). Gradual onset injuries were
most common. Overall average match time-loss complaint prevalence rate was
4.1% and average match time-loss injury incidence rate was 7.0
injuries/1000 days of play. Fielding (56.4 injuries/100
players per year) was the activity resulting in the highest average overall
and time-loss injury incidence rates, though ‘other’
activities (e. g. those occurring outside of cricket participation)
collectively accounted for 78.3 injuries/100 players per year. The
high incidence of medical illness relative to other complaints may be a
distinct feature of the women’s cricket international pathway
compared to other cricket samples. The high occurrence of injuries arising
from ‘other’ activities, likely due to part-time
participation, presents an opportunity for targeted injury prevention
strategies.

• The first study on an international women’s cricket pathway,
contributes to the empirical base for specific injury risks
associated with the women’s cricket game, which is an
emerging research area for a developing sport.

• Some of the findings may be a distinct feature of the women’s
cricket international pathway, highlighting potential opportunities
for targeted prevention strategies.

• With the upcoming development of an elite domestic structure these
preliminary findings will provide a good starting point for
physiotherapy and medical staff working in these contexts.
Impact of disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome on endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage of pancreatic fluid collections
Authors: Wang Lillian , Elhanafi Sherif , Storm Andrew C. , Topazian Mark D. , Majumder Shounak , Abu Dayyeh Barham K. , Levy Michael J. , Petersen Bret T. , Martin John A. , Chari Suresh T. , Vege Santhi S. , Chandrasekhara Vinay
Published: July 2020

Background Endoscopic intervention for pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs) with disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome (DPDS) has been associated with failures and increased need for additional endoscopic and non-endoscopic interventions. The primary aim of this study was to determine the outcomes of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided transmural drainage of PFCs in patients with DPDS.

Methods In patients undergoing EUS-guided drainage of PFCs from January 2013 to January 2018, demographic profiles, procedural indications and details, adverse events, outcomes, and subsequent interventions were retrospectively collected. Overall treatment success was determined by PFC resolution on follow-up imaging or stent removal without recurrence.

Results EUS-guided drainage of PFCs was performed in 141 patients. DPDS was present in 57 of them (40 %) and walled-off necrosis was the most frequent type of PFC (55 %). DPDS was not associated with lower clinical success, increased number of repeat interventions, or increased time to PFC resolution. Patients with DPDS were more likely to be treated with permanent transmural plastic double-pigtail stents (odds ratio [OR] 6.4; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 2.5 – 16.5; P < 0.001). However, when stents were removed, DPDS was associated with increased PFC recurrence after stent removal (OR 8.0; 95 %CI 1.2 – 381.8; P = 0.04).

Conclusions DPDS frequently occurs in patients with PFCs but does not negatively impact successful resolution. DPDS is associated with increased PFC recurrence after stent removal.
Variations in the Origins of Inferior Phrenic Arteries—An Evaluation with 256 Slice Multidetector Computed Tomography
Authors: Kulkarni Chinmay Bhimaji , Pullara Sreekumar Karumathil , Prabhu Nirmal Kumar , Pillay Minnie , Moorthy Srikanth
Published: July 2020

Aim To evaluate the frequency and pattern of variations in the origins of right inferior phrenic artery (RIPA) and left inferior phrenic artery (LIPA) on 256 slice multidetector computed tomography (MDCT).

Materials and Methods MDCT abdominal images of 600 patients (male: 344, female: 256; mean age 56.45 ± 12.96 years) who underwent technically successful multiphase computed tomography were assessed for IPA variations with emphasis on their origins and results analyzed.

Results Both IPA origins were documented in all patients. Both RIPA and LIPA originated from the common trunk in 128 (21.3%) patients. IPAs with common trunk most commonly originated from the aorta (68, 11.3%). Without common trunk RIPA most commonly originated from the aorta (225, 37.5%) and LIPA from the celiac artery (278, 46.3%). The least frequently detected IPA variations were RIPA originating from the common hepatic artery (1, 0.2%), superior mesenteric artery (1, 0.2%), and common truncus originating from left renal artery (1, 0.2%).

Conclusion MDCT demonstrates the IPA origins very well, enabling planning of interventional procedures related to IPA. Without common trunk RIPA most commonly originates from aorta and LIPA from the celiac artery. IPAs with common trunk most commonly originate from aorta.
Other Respiratory Viruses as a Cause of Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Walter James M.
Published: July 2020

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. There is growing appreciation of the burden of noninfluenza viral pathogens in CAP. Due to multiple factors including pneumococcal vaccination programs, declining rates of cigarette smoking, an aging population, and increasingly sensitive diagnostic tests, respiratory viruses are now the most common pathogens detected in CAP, outpacing Streptococcus pneumoniae. Noninfluenza respiratory pathogens are widely accepted as causal pathogens in CAP including in immunocompetent patients. This review provides an overview of five noninfluenza respiratory viral pathogens commonly implicated in CAP pathogenesis: rhinovirus, human metapneumovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, human parainfluenza virus, and human adenoviruses. Nucleic acid amplification testing platforms and their impact on antimicrobial stewardship efforts are also considered.
Long-Term Health-Related Quality of Life in Survivors of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Authors: Derraugh Gabrielle , Lum Min Suyin A. , Keijzer Richard
Published: July 2020

The health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of survivors of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is presently unknown. Literature prior to 2015 suggests that CDH survivors have worse HRQoL compared with the general population. However, due to changes in the diagnosis, management, and follow-up of CDH patients, this may no longer be true. The objective of this review was to determine what recent literature suggests regarding the HRQoL of CDH survivors. We reviewed all studies published between April 9, 2015, and April 6, 2020, that described the HRQoL of CDH survivors. Studies were identified using PubMed, and the references of the identified papers were searched for additional studies eligible for inclusion. Seven studies describing HRQoL in CDH survivors using validated measures of HRQoL for children, PedsQL (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory), KIDSCREEN-52, and Comprehensive Quality of Life Scale – School Version were examined. The findings were disparate. One study suggested that CDH survivors had better than average HRQoL scores, three studies found patients and controls had equivalent scores, and two studies reported poor outcomes for CDH patients. The final study found no effect of disease severity on HRQoL, as determined by prenatal ultrasound. Evidence published between 2015 and 2020 suggests that CDH patients have an HRQoL equivalent to the general population.
Utility of Japan Narrow Band Imaging Expert Team Classification Using Narrow Band Imaging for Evaluation of Colonic Polyps
Authors: Ahire Dipak S. , Rathi Pravin M. , Banka Niranjan H. , Shah Parth K.
Published: July 2020

Background Narrow band imaging (NBI) is an advanced endoscopic imaging technique that enhances visualization of the mucosal surface and is used as a screening tool for colonic polyps. Its usefulness is currently explored to a lesser extent in India. So, we assessed the utility of Japan NBI Expert Team (JNET) classification for characterization of colorectal polyps.

Methods A prospective observational study was performed from January 2018 to June 2019 of patients undergoing colonoscopy at a tertiary care hospital. NBI image of polyps was captured followed by either polypectomy/biopsy. Histopathology results were correlated with the pattern revealed by NBI on polyps using the JNET classification.

Results A total of 80 patients, 61(76.25%) male with a mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 58.41 ± 14.59 years were included. Out of the 90 lesions, 23 (25.5%) had type-1 pattern, 45 (50%) had 2A, 13 (14.4%) had 2B, and 9 (10%) had type-3 pattern. On histopathology, majority 51 (59.3%) were found to be adenomatous with low-grade intramucosal neoplasia. When correlating our results with JNET category type 1 and hyperplastic polyps, the sensitivity was 90%, specificity was 97%, negative predictive value was 97%, positive predictive value was 90%, and diagnostic accuracy was 96%. Correlating type 2A and low-grade intramucosal neoplasia had results of 78, 87, 76, 90, and 82%, respectively. Correlating type 2B and high-grade intramucosal neoplasia had results of 83, 90, 99, 38, and 90%, respectively. Correlating type 3 and deep submucosal cancer had results of 88, 98, 99, 78, and 97%, respectively.

Conclusion NBI shows excellent probability to exclude carcinoma possibilities based on the changes in colonic mucosal features. Owing to slightly lower sensitivity for type 2B, it needs additional investigation using pit pattern diagnosis. We demonstrated the high-diagnostic performance of NBI in making an accurate diagnosis of early colorectal cancers in colonoscopy. Further refinement in the NBI technology might add to the current evidence for characterization of polyps.
Healthy publics as multi-species matters: solidarity with people’s pets in One Health promotion
Authors: Rock Melanie , Blue Gwendolyn
Published: July 2020

Climate change is contributing to local disasters, and pets increasingly figure in mediated views and responses. By theorizing such responses, we expand on the conceptualization of “healthy publics”. In our view, healthy publics can arise from multi-species entanglements, out of which enactments of solidarity may emerge. Such enactments may encompass people with pets, as well as the pets themselves. Such enactments are selective, however, because they highlight certain lives and vulnerable situations while obscuring others. To develop this line of inquiry, we treated a major flood that took place in 2013 as a case-study. Participant-observation, social media, and qualitative interviews informed our analysis. During the immediate responses to the flood, a particular human-animal dyad became emblematic of people helping one another and their pets. As the floodwaters subsided, media reports helped to coordinate a public response to shelter people and pets on a temporary basis. Yet in the months following the flood, housing insecurity worsened for people with pets. With the passage of time, media coverage became instrumental in resolving housing crises for people with pets, but only on a case-by-case basis. Housing security for people with pets, as a policy issue, remains disconnected from planning to improve resilience overall and to enhance preparedness for disasters. Our analysis highlights the value of engaged research in foregrounding policy issues that influence the lives of people and pets. We conclude that, to be healthy, multi-species publics must entertain questions about whose lives come to matter most. The relative health of a public pivots on the extent to which policies emphasize inclusion and equity. By extension, some publics qualify as unhealthy, which could seem like a provocative claim. At this historical juncture, we feel compelled to defend decision-making process that attend not only to differences of opinion, but also to differences in possible ways of being in the world.
Transparency measurement of lithium fluoride under laser-driven accelerating shock loading
Authors: Duan Xiaoxi , Zhang Chen , Guan Zanyang , Sun Liang , Peng Xiaoshi , Liu Hao , Yang Weiming , Li Yulong , Zhang Huan , Ye Qing , Yang Jiamin , Jiang Shaoen , Wang Zhebin
Published: July 2020

Transmissibility limitation is one of the most important barriers in the use of windows for shock experiments if optical probes are used. In this article, we focus on the widely used window material lithium fluoride (LiF) and investigate its optical response under laser-induced shock-compression conditions. A long-pulse laser is shaped to create a continuous accelerating shock wave propagating through the LiF window in the range of 100–400 GPa. The variation of measured optical transmission with shock pressure shows that the LiF window stays transparent even when the shock stress is higher than 350 GPa and transforms to a total opaque state at about 400 GPa. The present experiment exhibits an obviously higher shock stress for LiF windows to lose transparency compared with previously reported results. The discrepancy in experimental results is considered to be due to the difference in shock thickness for a typical time scale at different experimental platforms. Meanwhile, the possible reasons for the discrepancy between our experimental data and the previous ab initio calculations can be suggested by the effect of thermal relaxation between electrons and ions or the overestimation of the absorption coefficient in theoretical calculations. This finding of higher transmissibility limitation may be of importance to researchers who use LiF as a window material in future shock-compression experiments, especially at the laser platform.
Temporal dynamics of diode-pumped circulation-free liquid dye lasers
Authors: Hamja A. , Chénais S. , Forget S.
Published: July 2020

A highly stable diode-pumped circulation-free liquid dye laser in a plano-concave cavity is reported. The design is simple (no fabrication process step required and no fluid circuitry), compact (∼ cm sized), and cost-effective. An optical efficiency of 18% with an M2 of 1 is reported with an excellent photostability—no efficiency drop was seen after 1.4 × 106 pulses at 50 Hz, a value comparable to flowing systems. We show that thermal effects are central in the stability and also on the dynamics of this laser. The laser build-up and shutdown dynamics are studied in detail for different pump pulse durations/repetition rates; they reveal pulse shortening with an increasing pump pulse duration and repetition rate that are shown to be due to thermal lensing diffraction losses. This laser structure offers a very convenient and simple platform for testing or harvesting solution-processable gain materials.
Hydrodynamics of a compound drop in plane Poiseuille flow
Authors: Thammanna Gurumurthy Vignesh , Pushpavanam S.
Published: July 2020

We numerically investigate the hydrodynamics of a two-dimensional compound drop in a plane Poiseuille flow under Stokes regime. A neutrally buoyant, initially concentric compound drop is released into a fully developed flow, where it migrates to its equilibrium position. Based on the results, we find that the core–shell interaction affects the dynamics of both the core and the compound drop. During the initial transient period, the core revolves about the center of the compound drop due to the internal circulation inside the shell. At equilibrium, depending upon the nature of the flow field inside the shell, we identify two distinct core behaviors: stable state and limit-cycle state. In the stable state, the core stops revolving and moves outward very slowly. The core in the limit-cycle state continues to revolve in a nearly fixed orbit with no further inward motion. The presence of the core affects both deformation and migration dynamics of the compound drop. A comparison with the simple drop reveals that the core enhances the deformation of the compound drop. The outward moving core in the stable state pushes the compound drop toward the walls, while the revolving core in the limit-cycle state causes the compound drop to oscillate at its equilibrium position. The migration of the compound drop also affects the eccentricity of the core significantly. From the parametric study, we find that the core affects the compound drop dynamics only at intermediate sizes, and an increase in any parameter sufficiently causes a transition from the limit-cycle state to the stable state.