bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Особливості застосування зварювальних матеріалів на АС України в умовах скасування дії радянських стандартів
Authors: Chernyak Ya. , Shugailo O-i , Ryzhov D. , Kuznetsova K. , Bendiuh K.
Published: December 2024

Вимоги до зварювальних матеріалів, що використовувались під час виготовлення та експлуатації ядерних реакторів, засновані на стандартах 70–80-х років минулого сторіччя, які на сьогодні скасовані. Технічні умови та/або технічна документація на виготовлення зварювальних матеріалів розроблювалась профільними науковими установами під відповідними марками. Ці марки матеріалів згодом входили до переліку марок зварювальних матеріалів за відповідним ГОСТ на електроди, дріт тощо. Введені в дію нові національні стандарти пропонують інший підхід, який впроваджує класифікацію зварювальних матеріалів залежно від їх властивостей та хімічного складу, а виробники користуються цими класифікаційними ознаками для позначення властивостей своїх марок зварювальних матеріалів. Перехід від стандартизованих за ГОСТ марок зварювальних матеріалів до зварювальних матеріалів, що виготовляються за новими національними стандартами, потребує  ретельного опрацювання.
У цій статті проаналізовано сучасні вимоги щодо класифікації наплавленого металу за механічними властивостями та хімічним складом, що встановлені чинними національними стандартами; запропоновано процедуру порівняльного аналізу класифікаційної належності наплавленого металу, що дозволяє  визначити замінники радянських зварювальних матеріалів; запропоновано до практичного застосування процедуру переходу від стандартизованих за ГОСТ марок зварювальних матеріалів до марок зварювальних матеріалів за новими національними стандартами (ДСТУ EN ISO, ДСТУ EN, ДСТУ ISO).
The Investment Contract In Islamic Law
Authors: Mohammad Hayat MUNIB  , Khawaja Mahmood Rashed  , Lal Mohammad SHIRZAD
Published: December 2024

The aim of the current study is to give the reader a comprehensive perception of the security contract in terms of its legitimacy pillars conditions types and provisions.  It was attempted to discover the attitudes of scholars on this issue by presenting their trends and evidences with comparison and weighting. Qualitative approach was considered to reach this goal. First explained secondly the sharia texts and how scholars infer from the texts about the subject. Therefore the importance of this research comes as an attempt to clarify these rulings in Islamic sharia and the controls set by the Al-hakim lawgiver with applications to some contemporary standards the most important results obtained through this investigation are that Islamic jurisprudence has solid scientific foundation that can codify international relations. It benefits from the rules and rulings issued by international rulings. Then presents them to sharia law and adds to them what is consistent with the spirit of Islamic legislation. Such as wideness justice and forgiveness. Safety is a contract that indicates abandonment of fighting with warriors. If any of the enemy combatants asks for safety and it is accepted it is safe and it is not permissible to attack it in any way. Just as the imam provides security for an unspecified group, Individual Muslims are able to secure a limited number of fighters. And the contract of security from the side of the trustworthy is a non-binding contract but from the side of the Muslim believer, it is binding, according to the more correct opinion, and this contract results in effects, the most important of which are the rights of the person entrusted over the people of Dar al-Islam, such that some of them relate to the Islamic government and some of them are entrusted to the individuals in society, as well as the aspect related to Muslims and the Islamic state.
Contractual Learning to Bridge the Gap Between Contractual Needs and Capabilities
Authors: Tsai Chih-Hao , Chiu Chih-Fang
Published: December 2024

The gap between contracting need and capability exists in collaborative relationships because the transactional parties are bounded rationally, especially when firms coming from emerging economics start to deal with international transactions. However, the existing literature reveals little concerning systematic investigations into how firms learn to overcome the dilemma between contracting need and capability in international contexts. We conducted an in-depth case study to explore how a Taiwanese firm needed to contract with foreign partners but lacked the capability to design contracts at the initial collaborative stage. The firm developed a contracting capability through cross-border learning mechanisms (i.e., social interaction, problem-solving, team, and partner selection) to incrementally accumulate contracting knowledge (i.e., tacit knowledge includes what partners’ demand and how to design satisfactory contracts; explicit knowledge includes various contractual provisions). The findings provide implications for firms regarding how leverage contracts in their long-term international partnerships.
Human Resource Strategies, Productivity and Retention in Chinese Small-Medium Enterprises: Insights for Training Program
Authors: Paulino Emmanuel , Boquila Lou-Rena , Basa Glessie M. , Mazo Paulo Noel
Published: December 2024

The relationship between HR strategy and its impact on employee turnover and productivity in SMEs is examined in this study. Although there is no concrete proof that HR strategy alignment with business objectives is related to productivity, the study's correlational, quantitative methodology shows that strategic HR activities, including employee engagement, performance review, and skill development, greatly increase productivity. Effective HR strategies lower turnover, including communication, career development, onboarding, and personnel acquisition. According to the findings, HR strategies should be in line with both company objectives and employees’ needs to improve performance and retention. The suggestions place a strong emphasis on talent development, open communication, and HR procedures that are retention-focused to promote organizational success.
Strategic Talk in TTT and Students’ Self-reported Strategy Use: A Moroccan EFL Classroom
Authors: Messaoudi Imane , Sakale Sana
Published: December 2024

The present study aimed to examine ‘strategic talk’ in teachers’ talking time (TTT) and students’ strategic awareness. This was carried out in a model classroom involving a group of 25 Moroccan EFL baccalaureate students from Lalla Aicha high school, Rabat. Oxford (1990) Strategy Inventory of Language Learning (SILL) was used to assess students’ level of strategic awareness, and two teacher observations were carried out for the qualitative side of the paper. The mixing of methods was encouraged by the objective of exploring variations in the type of LLS students report to use, whether there were any instances in teacher talking time (TTT) that matched the reported choice of students, and/or seemed to motivate it. Accordingly, the findings revealed metacognitive strategies as the most reported LLS utilized by students, and cognitive strategies being the least. The qualitative observation demonstrated this pattern in how the TTT mainly consisted of the teacher managing and directing students’ cognition, and wherein little room was given to any kind of form of reflective thinking other than answering subject related questions. Nevertheless, students who reported high level of use of both cognitive and metacognitive strategies, together, showcased a high score for the remaining categories as well. This implies that cognitive endeavors are the vehicle of metacognition, and together they can lead to positive and educated actions in learning.
EFL Teaching and ICT Teacher Education: Spotlight on Moroccan High School Teachers
Authors: Aatta Tarik , Najib SLIMANI
Published: December 2024

There is a scholarly consensus on the prominent role information and communication technologies (ICT) play in education, particularly in language teaching.  In line with the ISTE (International Society for Technology in Education) standards for educators, the present paper probes the roles EFL teachers play as ICT learners. It also sheds light on the significance of online professional development in promoting teachers’ continual upskilling. To this end, a quantitative survey questionnaire is administered to 55 high school teachers. Participants belong to the community of EFL teachers working in private schools in Marrakesh, Morocco.  Results demonstrate a general interest among participants in taking part in online pedagogical interactions that promote ICT integration in the classroom. Most teachers are also willing to incorporate innovative technology-enhanced activities into their classroom practices and test their effectiveness. In the same vein, the majority of respondents expressed interest to enroll in online professional development. As far as active participation in local e- communities of teachers is concerned, a positive attitude is clearly noted among male participants, younger generations of teachers, and better internet users. On the other hand, a reticence to engage online with colleagues at international level is particularly tracked among more experienced teachers. In view of the above results, there is an incessant need to account for online professional development as well as the use of ICT tools in structured teacher training programs. In the same mode, both prospective and in-service teachers should be trained on the use of internet-based platforms through professional meetings and demo-lessons. From another scale, Awareness should be raised among practitioners, especially veteran teachers, about the merits of enrollment in e-communities of teachers and the benefits of digitizing their teaching practices on their professional development.
The Effectiveness of a Training Program Based on the Wallace Model in Developing Teaching Performance Skills among First-grade Teachers
Authors: Hekmat "Muhammad Yusuf" Said Haha  , Mohammed Falah Al-Khawaldah
Published: December 2024

The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a training program based on the Wallace model in developing teaching performance skills among first-grade teachers. To achieve this, the researchers adopted an experimental method with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The study sample consisted of 20 first-grade teachers, who were trained according to the Wallace-based program for four weeks. The study tool was then applied, which included an observation checklist to measure teaching performance skills, consisting of three skills: implementation, learning management, and evaluation. The results of the study showed statistically significant differences between the pretest and posttest scores of the first-grade teachers on the observation checklist in all dimensions and the overall score, with the differences favoring the posttest after they underwent the training program based on the Wallace model. In light of these results, the study recommended several recommendations, most notably the design of continuous training programs for teachers based on creative models such as the Wallace model, and assessing their effectiveness in creative thinking, problem-solving, and developing innovative teaching methods. Additionally, integrating critical and creative thinking strategies and tools into the curricula was recommended to motivate teachers to apply these skills in addressing classroom challenges.
Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites of Stray Dogs in Suleja Metropolis, Niger State, Nigeria
Authors: Adesoye Oluwaseun Adegbola , Olanrewaju Comfort Adetutu , Ameh Ugbede Christianah , Malann Yoila David , Akinleye Callistus Adewale , Akinsete Israel O. , Adeniyi Kamoru A. , Oyeniran Oluwatoyin A.
Published: December 2024

Free-roaming dogs in the environment (stray dogs) have been reported to be a reservoir of various gastrointestinal (GIT) parasites of significant public health importance worldwide. This study aims to determine the prevalence of GIT parasites in the stray dog population in Sabo Gwazunu, Suleja and within Suleja Township, of Niger State, Nigeria. Sixty fecal samples were randomly collected from stray dogs in each study area (community) between February and March 2024. The Sheather’s sugar floatation technique was used to examine various faecal samples, and the prevalence was calculated as the percentage of infected samples over the total number of samples examined. Overall, a total of thirteen GIT parasites belonging to Phylum Protozoa 3.33% (4/120), Platyhelminthes 3.33% (4/120), and Nematoda 4.16% (5/120), were found. A significant difference was observed in GIT prevalence between the study areas (P<0.05). GIT parasites found in stray dogs within Suleja township comprise Toxocara canis Eimeria sp, Strongyloides sp, Alaria sp, Cryptosporidium sp, Entamoeba sp, Ancylostoma sp, Dipylidium sp, Schistosoma sp, and Taenia sp. However, in Sabo Gwazunu, nine GIT parasites were found in stray dogs. These include Eimeria sp, T. canis, Trichuris sp, Physaloptera sp, Strongyloides sp, Dipylidium sp, Schistosoma sp, Alaria sp, and Taenia sp. Moreover, the prevalence of GIT in stray dogs in both communities was estimated at 91% (91/120). Given the public health and zoonotic significance of some gastrointestinal parasites observed in this study, it is essential to increase awareness about the need to control the stray dog population in the study areas.
Hubungan Pengetahuan Self-Care Management dengan Kadar Gula Darah pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Dasan Agung Mataram
Authors: Marliana Dina , Ernawati Ernawati , Yasir Lalu Amri , Supriyadi Supriyadi
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT Diabetes mellitus is a condition that develops gradually over a time, characterized by increased in blood gluocose levels due to insufficient insulin production by the pancreas to meet the body’s needs.Lack of awareness of the importance of early diabetes management leads to acute and chronic complications. This condition can be effectively managed by implementing self-care management to maintain normal blood sugar levels. The aimed of this research was to examine the correlation between self-care management knowledge and blood sugar levels in diabetes mellitus sufferes at Dasan Agung Public Health Center.  The method used was Quantitative using a cross-sectional research design with purposive sampling technique and involving 86 respondents. The measuring instrument used were SDSCA questionnaire and the Easy Touch 3in1 Glucometer. The results of the research showed that there is a strong correlations between Self-Care Management Knowledge and Blood Sugar Levels in Diabetes Mellitus Sufferes. The chi-square test obtained a p value (0.000). These results explain the importance of self-care management knowledge in the management of diabetes mellitus. There is correlation between Self-Care Management Knowledge and Blood Sugar Levels in Diabetes Mellitus sufferes in Dasan Agung Public Health Center Mataram. Keywords: Knowledge, Self-Care Management, Diabetes Mellitus  ABSTRAK Diabetes melitus merupakan suatu kondisi yang berkembang secara bertahap seiring waktu, ditandai oleh naiknya kadar gula darah hasil produksi insulin oleh pankreas yang tidak mencukupi sesuai kebutuhan tubuh. Kurangnya pengetahuan pentingnya penanganan diabetes melitus sejak dini menyebabkan komplikasi akut maupun kronik. Keadaan ini dapat dikelola secara efektif dengan menerapkan self-care management untuk menjaga kadar gula darah tetap normal.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan pengetahuan self-care management dengan kadar gula darah pada penderita diabetes melitus di Puskesmas Dasan Agung Mataram. Penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan desain penelitian cross-sectional dengan teknik purposive sampling dan melibatkan 86 responden. Alat ukur yang digunakan berupa lembar kuesioner SDSCA dan Glucometer Easy Touch 3in1. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan adanya hubungan yang kuat antara pengetahuan self-care management dengan kadar gula darah pada penderita diabetes melitus dengan uji chi-square didapatkan nilai p value (0.000). Hasil ini menjelaskan pentingnya pengetahuan self-care management dalam manajemen diabetes melitus. Adanya hubungan terhadap pengetahuan self-care management dengan kadar gula darah pada penderita diabetes melitus di wilayah kerja puskesmas dasan agung mataram. Kata Kunci: Pengetahuan, Self-Care Management, Diabetes Melitus.
Bibliometric Analysis of the Effects of Prolonged Preoperative Fasting on Patients
Authors: Rahman Taupik , Arifin Syamsul , Lahdimawan Ardik , Noor Meitria Syahadatina , Illiandri Abdullah Oski , Suhartono Eko
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT Preoperative fasting is a common practice in the surgical field, which aims to minimize complications and ensure patient safety. Understanding its impact and optimizing protocols are essential in clinical practice. This study analyzed the bibliometric and network overview of publications on the effects of extended preoperative fasting on patients, using VOSViewer. This bibliometric analysis explores the research landscape on the effects of extended preoperative fasting duration on patients. Using VOSViewer, this study identified key contributors and clusters in the literature, highlighting significant research gaps. Bibliometric methods were used to analyze publications regarding the effects of extended preoperative fasting. Using VOSViewer, this study identified key contributors and groups in the literature, which highlighted significant research gaps. Bibliometric methods were used to analyze publications regarding the effects of extended preoperative fasting. Data were aggregated and visualized using VOSViewer to map the publication network and identify thematic clusters. China and the UK emerged as the main contributors with 7 articles each, followed by Brazil and India. Three main clusters were identified: a red cluster focusing on fasting duration, side effects, dehydration risk, and intraoperative management; a blue cluster exploring the effects of fasting on surgical outcomes, hunger, and procedural aspects; and a green cluster addressing guideline development, elective surgery, and preoperative preparation. These findings underscore the importance of extended preoperative fasting in clinical practice and highlight significant research opportunities. Future research could focus on personalized fasting protocols, long-term effects, psychological impact, and innovative monitoring technologies to improve the quality of patient care. Keywords: Preoperative Fasting, Effects Of Prolonged Fasting, Bibliometric Analysis, Vosviewer, Surgical Outcomes, Patient Care
La recta numérica: análisis de las concepciones de estudiantes en los inicios del profesorado de matemática
Authors: Benito María Carolina , Cedrón Mara , Duarte Betina , Kasman Uriel , Lamela Cecilia , Montes de Oca María Cecilia
Published: December 2024

En este artículo, presentamos un análisis de las respuestas a un cuestionario y de un conjunto de entrevistas de profundización realizadas a estudiantes que finalizan el primer año de la formación del profesorado de matemática universitario. El objetivo escomprender cuáles son sus concepciones sobre los números reales, la recta numérica y la recta geométrica, así como los vínculos que establecen entre ellos. Identificamos que si bien la mayoría acuerda con la doble dimensión de la recta –ideal y material– esto no es tan claro al tratarse de los puntos de la recta. Analizamos los obstáculos que genera la representación decimal infinita de los números al considerar su representación en la recta numérica y exploramos estas ideas en vínculo con la densidad en R. Esta indagación forma parte de un proyecto de investigación que tiene por objetivo estudiar un proceso de conceptualización del objeto recta real, de modo que sea accesible y al mismo tiempo potente para docentes de matemática en formación, a través del diseño de una secuencia de enseñanza. Poner en evidencia estas conceptualizaciones en estudiantes del primer año nos permitirá, en unaetapa posterior, avanzar en el diseño de la propuesta.
Macroeconomic Determinants of Investment Decisions for Medium and Large Enterprises in Poland’s Manufacturing Sector
Authors: Zając Adam Andrzej , Wielechowski Michał , Smoleń Krzysztof , Karaś Dariusz
Published: December 2024

Artykuł ma na celu ustalenie wpływu fluktuacji wskaźników makroekonomicznych na skłonności inwestycyjne przedsiębiorstw, mierzone wskaźnikiem intensywności inwestycji – zdefiniowanym jako stosunek wydatków inwestycyjnych do całkowitych przychodów. Analiza obejmuje pięć sektorów przemysłu przetwórczego w Polsce (według Klasyfikacji Działalności PKD) generujących największe przychody. Wykorzystując niepublikowane panelowe dane kwartalne GUS z lat 2008–2022 pochodzące z badań F-01 i F-02, w badaniu skoncentrowano się na średnich i dużych przedsiębiorstwach. Zastosowanie analizy kointegracji oraz modelu wektorowej korekty błędu (VECM) pozwala na określenie wskaźników makroekonomicznych, które trwale wpływają na skłonności inwestycyjne w poszczególnych sektorach. Badanie pozwoliło również stwierdzić sezonowość inwestycji w tych sektorach, ujawnić głęboką długoterminową korelację między inwestycjami korporacyjnymi a wskaźnikami makroekonomicznymi oraz uchwycić zarówno trwałe równowagi, jak i przejściowe fluktuacje. Co istotne dowiedziono w nim zróżnicowany wpływ makroekonomii na decyzje inwestycyjne z PKB i SP jako kluczowymi elementami w sektorze chemicznym (PKD-20) oraz to, że dynamika czasowa i międzysektorowa wyraźnie wpływa na sektor komputerów i elektroniki (PKD-26). Te spostrzeżenia dowodzą złożoności efektów makroekonomicznych w kontekście strategii inwestycyjnych funkcjonujących w ramach przemysłowej struktury Polski.
Neoclassical Economics’ Immunisation Strategies Against Behavioural Economics: Popper’s Perspective
Authors: Ostapiuk Aleksander
Published: December 2024

Mimo że ekonomia neoklasyczna nieustannie spotyka się z krytyką, to pozostaje dominującym paradygmatem nauk ekonomicznych. Dzieje się tak głównie ze względu na wykorzystanie strategii immunizacji opartych na niefalsyfikowalnych koncepcjach użyteczności i racjonalności. W niniejszym artykule oceniono, czy użycie teorii filozoficznych Karla Poppera jest uzasadnione. Po pierwsze, zrekonstruowano idee Poppera dotyczące strategii immunizacji, analizy sytuacyjnej, zasady racjonalności i metafizycznego programu badawczego. Po drugie, poddano analizie to, w jaki sposób strategie immunizacji ekonomii neoklasycznej działają w obliczu krytyki ze strony ekonomii behawioralnej. Stwierdzono, że aplikacja metod ekonomii neoklasycznej nie skutkuje nowymi domysłami empirycznymi. Rezultat ten oceniono w odniesieniu do zasady racjonalności – ze względu na jego podobieństwo do aksjomatu optymalizacji ekonomii neoklasycznej. Ponadto w celu ukazania, że analiza ta nie ma charakteru jedynie historycznego, zbadano znaczenie teorii Poppera w kontekście niedawnego włączenia w ramach ekonomii neoklasycznej spostrzeżeń z obszaru ekonomii behawioralnej.
Tucaresol-Cyclophosphamide Combination Therapy: Proposal for a Safe, Affordable Alternative to CAR T-Cell Therapy
Authors:   Cofounder, ChemThera Sciences, Canada, L. Penney Christopher , Zacharie Boulos ,   Cofounder, ChemThera Sciences, Canada, Duceppe Jean-Simon ,   Senior Manager, Process Development, ChemThera Sciences, Canada
Published: December 2024

Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a newer immunotherapeutic process in which genetic engineering is used to
incorporate a receptor protein into a patient’s T-cells thereby permitting the modified T-cells to recognize and eradicate tumors.
Initially, CAR T-cell therapy was reserved as a last resort when standard cancer treatments failed to provide significant efficacy
but subsequently, CAR T-cell therapy is finding use against earlier stage cancers. Since 2017, seven CAR T-cell therapies have
attained FDA approval for treatment of hematological cancers. The latest approval, November 8, 2024, is for treatment of B-cell
acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, CAR T-cell therapy does not always provide a lasting anticancer response which leads
to loss of tumor remission. The percent loss of tumor remission depends upon the type of hematological cancer being treated.
Although currently limited to hematological cancers, CAR T-cell therapy provides cancer patients a significant increase in survival
unattainable with traditional cancer treatment regimens. However, two significant issues accompany CAR T-cell therapy. The
first is multiple toxicity issues which although occurring individually in a low percentage of patients, taken together constitute a
significant probability of encountering a potentially fatal side effect. The second problem is the high cost of CAR T-cell therapy
starting at $450,000 US per treatment. Contributing to both of these problems is the fact that CAR T-cell therapy is labor intensive
which will exacerbate existing clinical facilities already challenged by a myriad of mutating pathogens and an aging population.
Against this setting is proposed therapy consisting of clinical stage and FDA approved anticancer drugs with excellent safety
records. Proposed herein is combination therapy with Tucaresol, up-regulates CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, and cyclophosphamide,
down-regulates Treg cells, as a convenient, cost effective cancer treatment.
Navigating the Journey
Authors: Noha Fahad Altowairiki
Published: December 2024

This case study observes the development of the teaching capacity for electronic learning (e-learning) initiatives at a Saudi University, focusing on the progression a novice to an advanced level. This study employed a purposeful sampling approach, selecting an instructor who redesigned and taught an e-course, along with an instructional designer, who supported this. Data collection methods included semistructured interviews and documents. The findings highlight the critical role that strong leadership plays in establishing a clear vision and strategic plans for the implementation of e-learning. This leadership was present in the provision of essential infrastructure, opportunities for educational development, and incentives. However, this study also identified significant challenges, including a culture that is deeply rooted in traditional teaching methods, heavy teaching workloads, and a lack of recognition and reward for e-learning efforts. This study contributes to the understanding of e-learning capacity development in higher education, particularly in the Saudi Arabian context.
An Integral Proof of the Joint M.G.F. of Sample Mean and Variance
Authors: Joarder Anwar H , Laradji A
Published: December 2024

Without assuming independence of sample mean and variance, or without using any conditional distribution, we present an integral proof of the joint moment generating function for sample mean and variance for independently, identically and normally distributed random variables. This proves the independence of sample mean and variance which is the basis of Student t-Test and many other inferential methods.
IJSS, Vol. 24(2)s (Special Issue), December, 2024, pp 19-23
Comparing the Performance of Count Regression Models to Assess the Impact of Climate on COVID-19 Incidence in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Akter Sahera , Sharmin Sabina , Akter Tanjina , Sajib Anamul Haque
Published: December 2024

COVID-19 transmission has been a significant public health issue in Bangladesh since March 8, 2020. Environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, rainfall, and visibility are thought to influence the rapid spread of the virus. This study aims to compare various count regression models to explore the relationship between these environmental factors and COVID-19 incidence. We focused on the Negative Binomial, Discrete Lindley, and Discrete Weibull regression models due to the over-dispersed nature of the COVID-19 data. Our analysis indicated that the Discrete Weibull regression model provided the best fit, as determined by AIC and dispersion values. Diagnostic plots confirmed that this model met all necessary assumptions. Additionally, a simulation study with three different scenarios was conducted to validate our findings from the real COVID-19 data. Our analysis revealed that minimum temperature and visibility are positively associated with COVID-19 transmission, while maximum temperature and humidity show a negative correlation. These insights enhance our understanding of how environmental factors impact COVID-19 outbreaks in Dhaka, offering valuable guidance for developing effective strategies to mitigate transmission in Bangladesh.
Vol. 24(2)s (Special Issue), December, 2024, pp 149-162
A Format-specific Bowling Performance Measure of Cricket
Authors: Bhattacharjee Dibyojyoti , Dhar Debojyoti
Published: December 2024

Batting and bowling are the prime skills of cricket. Cricket literature has seen a reasonable number of measures of bowling and batting performance. But with the different formats of cricket being played at the international level currently, it is not justified to have a unified measure of performance across all formats. Any performance measure in cricket shall include the existing popular performance statistics as its building block so that the refined measures are perceivable by ordinary followers of the game. This paper attempts to develop a format-specific bowling performance measure for limited-overs cricket. The measure is a weighted multiplicative aggregation of two popular bowling statistics, viz. the bowling average and the economy rate, after range and variance equalization. The proposed measure is implemented on a sample of top 20 bowlers, as per the recent International Cricket Council (ICC) rating, for two popular limited-overs formats of cricket. The study finds that the relative importance of the bowling average and the economy rate in the bowling performance measure varied across the formats of cricket.
IJSS, Vol. 24(2) (Special Issue), December, 2024, pp 181-192
Fear and Experience of Childbirth among Primiparous Women
Authors: Pokhrel Prajnya , Bharati Mamata , Bhandari Sushila
Published: December 2024

Background: The fear of childbirth is the feeling of fearfulness, anxiety or worry among women in relation to pregnancy and childbirth process which influence their experience of childbirth which is the subjective feeling of sadness or joyfulness regarding childbirth. The main objective of the study was to identify the relationship between fear and experience of childbirth among primiparous women.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done where non probability, purposive sampling technique was used to select a sample of 133 primiparous women attending Paropakar Maternity and Woman’s Hospital having term pregnancy (37-42 weeks of gestation) without any complications and willing to participate in the study. Data were collected through interview technique. Fear of childbirth was assessed by using standard Wijma Delivery Expectancy/ Experience Questionnaire (WDEQ) and experience of childbirth was assessed by using Childbirth Experiences Questionnaire (CEQ). Data analysis was done by using descriptive statistics like frequency, mean, percentage and standard deviation and inferential statistics i.e. Pearson’s correlation and chi square test in Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16.Results: The study revealed that fear and experience of childbirth were negatively correlated (r= -0.254). The majority of the respondents (64.7%) had a moderate level of fear of childbirth. Most of the respondents (80.5%) had a positive experience of childbirth. Conclusions: This study concludes that there is negative relationship between the fear of childbirth and its experience. Women having higher fear of childbirth have less positive experience of childbirth. Keywords: Childbirth; experience of childbirth; fear of childbirth; mode of delivery.
Effectiveness of Lower Range of High-intensity Statin Therapy in Lowering LDL-C among STEMI Patients
Authors: Prajapati Dipanker , Adhikari Chandra Mani , Timalsena Birat Krishna , Maharjan Nira Shrestha , Dhital Rolina , Khatri Anjali , Bogati Amrit , Manandhar Reeju , Dhungana Murari , Safi Md. Sajjad , Khan Barkadin , Ghimire Vijay , Roy Rahul , Adhikari Puja , Dhungana Suraksha , Rajbhandari Sujeeb
Published: December 2024

Background: Lipid-lowering is an important intervention to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality after ST-Elevation myocardial infarction. This study aimed to assess the proportion of such patients achieving guideline-directed therapeutic low-density lipoprotein cholesterol targets while on lower-range high-intensity statin treatment.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre, a tertiary cardiac center in Kathmandu, Nepal, from November 2021 to July 2022 among admitted acute ST-Elevation myocardial infarction patients who were prescribed a lower range of high-intensity statin therapy, Atorvastatin 40mg and Rosuvastatin 20 mg. Clinical characteristics were collected, including lipid parameters at baseline during admission and three months after the treatment. The proportion attaining the guideline-recommended levels was calculated and compared between each statin group. Results: A total of 240 patients were included in this study. The target low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level of less than 1.4mmol/L was noted only in 16.3% and the target reduction by ≥50% from baseline only in 7.1%. Just 3.3 % achieved a target of <1.4 mmol/L and ≥50% reduction from baseline. However, 40.8% of the participants in our study met the 2012 European Society of Cardiology guidelines’ target achievement of less than 1.8 mmol/L. Conclusions: The overall proportion of patients attaining recommended low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels after recent ST-Elevation myocardial infarction was low when patients were prescribed with a lower range of high-intensity statin, reflecting the need for rigorous follow up including monitoring of lipid levels and intensification of statin dose and type as recommended by international guidelines.Keywords: Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol; secondary prevention; statin; statin intensity; ST-Elevation myocardial infarction.
Ethical Approval in Nepal: Barriers or Facilitators?
Authors: Ghimire Namita , Pandey Sony , Joshi Pramod , Adhikari Ramesh Kant
Published: December 2024

Any research involving human participants requires review and approval from an authorized research ethics committee to safeguard participant's rights, dignity and welfare while ensuring the scientific validity of the research. Ethical approval is mandatory before initiating or ecruiting study participants. It is also a prerequisite for publishing research findings in scientific journals contributing to ensuring the quality of scientific knowledge. The ethical review process focuses on the assessment of potential risks to the participants as well as the research team focusing on how such risks are identified, minimized and managed.This paper provides an overview of the Nepal Health Research Council's ethical review and approval process for both national and international researchers intending to conduct health research in Nepal. Despite this, the Nepalese ethics committee and researcher face several challenges, including limited awareness of responsible conduct of research, limited training opportunities, unclear clinical trial guidelines, bureaucratic hurdles, and frequent staff turnover in research governance.This paper highlights these challenges and aims to support both researchers and the Ethics Committee in promoting the responsible conduct of health research in Nepal.Keywords: Ethical issues; ethical review and approval; Nepal and research.
Epidemiological Characteristics of Hepatitis C Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Kattel Hari Prasad , Sharma Sangita , Alfsnes Kristian , Pathak Rahul , Rijal Komal Raj , Ghimire Prakash , Andreassen Ashild K , Banjara Megha Raj
Published: December 2024

Background: Hepatitis C infection is a major public health concern in Nepal. Epidemiological information on hepatitis C virus along with the status of co-infection with hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus is essential to controlling the hepatitis C burden. The objective of this study was to determine the sero-prevalence of hepatitis C virus infections, proportions of co-infections with human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus, and identify the demographic characters, and routes of transmission.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2019 to February 2024 at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital. The serological tests were performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays from 25133 patients’ serum in four years.Results: The sero-prevalence of hepatitis C virus -infected patients was 0.8% (211/25133). Among them, 6.6% (14/211) were co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus and 1.4% (3/211) with hepatitis B virus. Among 211 hepatitis C virus patients, 174 (82.5%) were male, 156 (73.9%) were young aged 15–47 years with various professions, 167 (79.1%) were literate, and almost one-third of the patients (33.2%, 70/211) were regular alcoholics. Needle sharing among intravenous drug users (45.5%, 96/211) and sexual intercourse (28%, 59/211) were the most common modes of transmission. Conclusions: Although the prevalence of hepatitis C infections is less than 1%, it is more common among young male intravenous drug users. Awareness of the spread of hepatitis C infections among this population needs to be emphasized to control hepatitis C in Nepal.Keywords: characters; co-infection; hepatitis C, sero-prevalence.
Prevalence of Medical Student Syndrome among Medical Students of Nepal
Authors: Nepal Samata , Atreya Alok , Bhandari Swasti , Sapkota Laxmi Prasad , Menezes Ritesh G. , Gnawali Laxman , Adhikari Kishor
Published: December 2024

Background: Medical student syndrome (MSS) entails the development of symptoms of the same disease as the one being studied in medical students. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Medical student syndrome among medical students in Nepal and identify associated factors.Methods: A Cross-sectional study was conducted at Lumbini Medical College Palpa, Nepal on medical students. Google form-based questionnaire was made, and the link was distributed to the students. A cut-off score was derived for Medical student syndrome. Students whose scores exceeded this threshold were categorized as having experienced Medical student syndrome. The responses received from the consenting students were downloaded in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and exported to SPSS v 26 and analysed. Results: The overall prevalence of Medical student syndrome was 17.8%. There was no significant difference in Medical student syndrome scores between genders (p = 0.801). However, year of study significantly influenced Medical student syndrome scores (p = 0.001, η² = 0.069), with final year students reporting higher scores.Conclusions: This cross-sectional study revealed a significant prevalence of Medical Student Syndrome among medical students in Nepal, with nearly 18% reporting symptoms of the condition.Keywords: Hypochondriasis; medical students; mental health; Nepal.
Adopting Logic Model to Predict Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Baral Gehanath , Marahatta Sujanbabu , Singh Sumer
Published: December 2024

Background: The Logic model was primarily used in educational programs and then to evaluate tuberculosis control, cervical cancer prevention programs, and cardiovascular disease in health. Unlike cervical cancer, there is a gap in screening for ovarian cancer. However, clinical services exist. Thus, the Logic model has been used to evaluate the service standards for the secondary prevention of ovarian cancer.Methods: This is the multi-centric service evaluation research adopted from the Logic Model. There are four domains namely utility, feasibility, propriety, and accuracy standards in the Logic model that includes 53 question items altogether for each participant. For each item, the participants responded on a Likert scale to assess their satisfaction with the service provided to the patients. There are 5-point satisfaction levels from strongly disagree to agree strongly. The internal consistency of items was calculated and the factor analysis was performed. Software used were Microsoft Excel, SPSS, SPSS Amos, and R. Results: The agreement level of all specialist participants was satisfactory for the current prediction and management approach to ovarian cancer with a median value of 73.5% towards positive sentiment. Cronbach’s alfa was at an acceptable level of more than 0.8 for utility, feasibility, and accuracy domains. The propriety domain had poor yield. Chi-squared test-based model fit is good (Baseline and Factor Models <0.001) and Barlott’s test of sphericity is likely to work (X2=5460.242, df=1378, and p<0.001). Other confirmatory factors were not at an acceptable level.Conclusions: The logic model may work to predict ovarian cancer with an acceptable level of reliability, however for the perfect fit it requires a larger sample size.Keywords: Factor analysis; logic model; ovarian cancer; satisfaction.
Implementasi Aspek Moral Agama Terhadap Perkembangan Karakter Anak Di Kelompok B TK Runiah School Mariso Kecamatan Mariso
Authors: Buabara Hanisa , Ilyas Sitti Nurhidayah , Bafadal Usman , Rusmayadi Rusmayadi , Djadir Djadir , Amal Azizah
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki implementasi aspek moral agama dan dampaknya terhadap perkembangan karakter anak di Kelompok B TK Runiah School Mariso Kecamatan Mariso. Metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Adapun analisis yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif lapangan digunakan untuk mendapatkan pemahaman yang mendalam tentang bagaimana nilai aspek dari moral agama diterapkan dalam konteks pendidikan anak usia dini di sekolah tersebut. Data disatukan melalui observasi, wawancara dengan pendidik, dan orang tua anak-anak, serta analisis dokumen seperti kurikulum pendidikan agama dan catatan pengamatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi aspek moral agama memiliki dampak yang signifikan terhadap perkembangan karakter anak, termasuk pembentukan nilai-nilai seperti kejujuran, tanggung jawab, dan empati. Faktor-faktor seperti kontribusi orang tua, partisipasi aktif dalam aktivitas keagamaan, dan teladan yang ditetapkan oleh pendidik sangat berpengaruh peran penting dalam membentuk karakter anak. Implikasi dari penelitian ini menyoroti pentingnya pendidikan karakter yang holistik dan kolaboratif antara pihak lembaga sekolah dan keluarga dalam mendukung perkembangan karakter anak yang bertanggung jawab dan bermoral. Penelitian yang dilakukan diharapkan dapat memberikan kemanfaatan dalam pemahaman lebih lanjut tentang peran moral agama dalam pendidikan anak usia dini dan memberikan dasar untuk perbaikan praktik pendidikan karakter di TK Runiah School Mariso serta institusi pendidikan serupa lainnya.
Peningkatan Konsep Bilangan Melalui Video Pembelajaran Interaktif Anak Usia 4-5 Tahun Di PAUD Ahrissa Syadina Takalar
Authors: Tahirah Ilmi , Akib Tasrif , Intisari Intisari , Ilyas Sitti Nurhidayah , Usman Usman , Fadhilah Fadhilah
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan konsep bilangan melalui video pembelajaran interaktif anak usia 4-5 tahun di PAUD Ahrissa Syadina Takalar. Rumusan masalah pada penelitian ini adalah bagaimana meningkatkan konsep bilangan melalui video pembelajaran interaktif anak usia 4-5 tahun di PAUD Ahrissa Syadina Takalar. Metode penelitian  yaitu Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Penelitian meliputi perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Pada penelitian ini dilaksanakan tindakan siklus I dan siklus II, siklus I dilaksanakan dua kali pertemuan begitu pula dengan siklus II. Subjek penelitian yaitu 9 anak didik usia 4-5 tahun di PAUD Ahrissa Syadina. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan konsep bilangan anak usia  dini dapat berkembang melalui penerapan video pembelajaran interaktif. Observasi awal menunjukkan 32,14% artinya berada pada tingkat perkembangan BB (Belum Berkembang) setelah dilakukan tindakan siklus 1 meningkat menjadi 46,87% yang artinya berada pada tingkat perkembangan MB (Mulai Berkembang), setelah dilakukan siklus 2 maka peningkatan menunjukkan 74,55% yang artinya berada pada tingkat perkembangan BSH (Berkembang Sesuai Harapan) dan telah mencapai indikator keberhasilan pada penelitian ini.
Risk Factors for Hepatic Fibrosis in Patients with Chronic Viral Hepatitis B at the Hospital National Donka CHU in Conakry
Authors: Sarifou Diallo Mamadou , Oumarou Youssouf , Tidiane Diallo Ahmed , Kadiatou Diallo , Djenabou Diallo , Amadou Wann Thierno , LamineYaya Bah Mamadou , Mamadou Diakhaby , Aliou Kanté Mamadou , Djibril Sylla , Dramane Soro , N'Djouria Diallo Abdourahmane
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Viral hepatitis B is a worldwide public health problem. Hepatic fibrosis is the consequence of a prolonged fibrinogenesis mechanism. It is caused by all chronic liver diseases, essentially of viral origin. The progression of fibrosis leads to cirrhosis and its complications. Fibroscan, or elastometry, is a non-invasive approach capable of assessing liver fibrosis, particularly in the management and monitoring of patients with chronic liver diseases, such as hepatitis B and C or cirrhosis.

Methods: This was a prospective observational study with descriptive and analytical aims. It was carried out from 1er October 2022 to 31 July 2023, i.e. 10 months, on an outpatient basis in the hepato-gastroenterology department of the Donka National Hospital of the University Hospital of Conakry.

Results: The main limitations of this study were the small sample size, the high cost of pulse elastometry, and the absence of antigenemia (quantitative HBsAg). Of the 200 patients included, 103 were men (51.5%) and 97 women (48.5%), giving a sex ratio of 1.06. The mean age was 36 years, with extremes of 18 and 77 years. The 36-49 age group was the most affected, with a frequency of 58% (n=112). Hepatic fibrosis on Fibroscan was distributed as follows: 51% (n=102) had no fibrosis or minimal fibrosis (F0F1), 30% (n=60) with moderate fibrosis (F2), 17.5% (n=35) with severe fibrosis (F3) and 2.5% (n=5) with fibrosis classified as F4. Hepatic steatosis 51% (n=102) of our patients were at stage S0, 29% (n=58) at stage S1, 12.5% (n=25) at stage S2 and 7.5% (n=15) at stage S3. In univariate analysis, the main risk factors for progression of liver fibrosis with a statistically significant association in our series were: age (p= 0.007), diabetes (p= 0.003), steatosis (p=0.001), high HBV DNA greater than or equal to 2000UI/mL (p= 0.002), HBeAg positivity (p=0.04), co-infections with hepatitis D and HIV viruses with a p-value of 0.001 and 0.020 respectively.

Conclusion: Appropriate management of chronic HBV carriage can limit the risk of progression to cirrhosis and HCC, thereby reducing morbidity and mortality. The asymptomatic nature of the infection is a factor in the spread of the epidemic, and may be responsible for late diagnosis at an advanced stage of the disease. Policies must encourage widespread screening and universal vaccination against the hepatitis B virus as a matter of course, in order to reduce the risk of new infections and hence of HBV-related complications. Knowledge and identification of the risk factors for the progression of hepatic fibrosis is essential if complications are to be prevented.