bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oligodendrocyte generation and maturation in the hippocampus may be a target of fluoxetine for delaying cognitive dysfunction during early Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Zhang Yi , Chao Feng-lei , Zhang Lei , Zhou Chun-ni , Jiang Lin , Tang Jing , Liang Xin , Fan Jin-hua , Dou Xiao-yun , Tang Yong
Published: February 2020

Background In the central nervous system, the myelin sheath and the cells that form it—oligodendrocytes—are associated with cognitive function. Oligodendrocyte abnormalities is an important early pathogenic factor of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, it is unclear how the hippocampal oligodendrocytes change during early AD and whether early hippocampal oligodendrocyte pathology in AD can be regarded as a novel therapeutic target.Methods To address these questions, we subjected APP/PS1 transgenic mice and nontransgenic littermates to fluoxetine interventions for 2 months. After intervention, the behaviors were assessed with open field test and Morris water maze test, the changes in hippocampal oligodendrocytes were studied using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, unbiased stereological techniques, laser scanning confocal microscope and molecular biotechnology.Results AD mice had an abnormally high number of oligodendrocyte lineage cells (Olig2 + cells) but lower expressions of CNPase and MBP and fewer mature oligodendrocytes (CNPase + cells) in the hippocampus than nontransgenic littermates. Among the oligodendrocyte lineage cells in the hippocampus of AD mice, fewer were mature oligodendrocytes and more were immature oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, decreased expression of SOX10, increased expression of LINGO1 and its ligands, and increased expression and activity of GSK3β might work together to induce oligodendrocyte maturation disorder in the hippocampus of AD mice. Fluoxetine treatment not only delayed the deficiencies in spatial learning and memory ability but also rescued the decrease in mature oligodendrocytes and reversed the abnormal increase in oligodendrocyte lineage cells in the hippocampus of AD mice, potentially by inhibiting the expression of LINGO1 and its ligands, inhibiting the expression and activity of GSK3β, reducing the levels of soluble Aβ40 and Aβ42, reducing β-amyloid plaques, reducing the ratio of oligodendrocytes expressing p16, promoting the expression of SOX10 in oligodendrocytes and promoting the maturation of newborn oligodendrocytes, and then increasing the number of mature oligodendrocytes in the hippocampus of AD mice.Conclusion There is oligodendrocyte maturation disorder in the hippocampus during early AD mice. Fluoxetine exposure during early AD may delay cognitive dysfunction by affecting hippocampal oligodendrocyte generation and maturation. Early hippocampal oligodendrocyte generation and maturation in AD might be regarded as a novel therapeutic target.
Synergic effects of decellularized bone matrix, hydroxyapatite, and extracellular vesicles on repairing of the rabbit mandibular bone defect model
Authors: Emami Asrin , Talaei-Khozani Tahereh , Tavanafar Saeid , Zareifard Nehleh , Azarpira Negar , Vojdani Zahra
Published: February 2020

Background Extracellular vesicles (ECV) have beneficial effects on the treatment of some pathological cases such as bone defects. Besides, the bone extracellular matrix (ECM) has been used to restore bone damage. Since major bone defects showed low spontaneous repairing ability, the purpose of this study was to find the synergic effect of decellularized bone (DB) ECM and ECVs on the repair of rabbit z. Methods The quality of decellularized sheep bones was confirmed by H&E, Hoechst, and DNA quantification. Also, immunohistochemistry, histochemical staining, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were done to evaluate the retaining of ECM constitutions. Osteoblast-derived ECVs were evaluated by internalization test, Transmission electron microscopy, Dynamic light scattering, and flow cytometry for CD9, CD63, CD81 markers. The hydrogel containing DB and hydroxyapatite (HA) with or without ECVs was evaluated for osteoblast functions and bone repair both in vitro and in vivo. Results SEM, histochemistry, DNA quantification, and immunohistochemistry indicated that the ECM was preserved after decellularization, while the cell and nuclear debris were removed sufficiently. In vitro assessments revealed that mineralization and alkaline phosphatase activity did not improve after treatment of MG63 cells by ECVs, while in vivo assessments showed synergic effects of ECVs and DB+HA hydrogels compared to the control, DB+HA and ECV-treated groups. Morphometric estimations revealed that the number of the bone-specific cells and vessel and bone area increased in bone defect treated with DB+HA/ECVs. Conclusion The DB enriched with ECVs can be an ideal scaffold for bone tissue engineering and may provide a suitable niche for migration and differentiation of the bone cells.
Association Between Paranoia And Anorexia Nervosa In Adolescents: What Factors Are Involved? 
Authors: Catone Gennaro , Salerno Filomena , Muzzo Giulia , Lanzara Valentina , Gritti Antonella
Published: February 2020

Background: psychiatric comorbidities are of particular interest in Eating disorders. The association between anorexia nervosa and psychotic disorders is less studied than that with affective disorders (anxiety/depression). The aim of this study is to describe a psychotic symptom (paranoia) in adolescents with Eating Disorders looking at several potential explicative associated factors: eating disorder symptoms, body image concerns, depression and social anxiety. Our hypothesis is that paranoia in AN patients is more explained by the concomitant depression and social anxiety symptoms than core symptoms of the disease (eating disorder symptoms or body image concerns). Methods: this is a retrospective cross sectional study and consecutive, help-seeking adolescents admitted to the Eating Disorder service of the Integrated Pediatric Care Department, Luigi Vanvitelli University Hospital constituted the sample. Data was obtained trough retrospective collection of clinical interviews and self – report questionnaires administered by trained and expert child and adolescent psychiatrists. Results: We obtained data from 92 adolescents with Eating Disorders. Paranoia was dimensionally distributed in the sample (mean: 22,17 SD: 17,7; median 18 IQR: 7/36; range: 0-62). Our regression model explained that paranoia in this population was better explained by depression (coefficient= 0,415 SD: 0,210, p=0,052) and social anxiety symptoms (coefficient= 0,253 SD: 0,060; p<0,001) than eating disorder symptoms (coefficient= 0,092 SD: 0,107; p=0,398) and body image concerns (coefficient= 1,916 SD: 2,079; p=0,359) that did not retain their significance when all our predictive factors entered in the model. Conclusion: This study has some theoretical, clinical and treatment implications. It is important to carrying out screening for the presence of psychotic symptoms in patients with Eating Disorders. These symptoms and associated factors (depression and social anxiety) may complicate the clinical picture of the disease with the need, in certain cases, of psychopharmacological drugs and, among these, anti-psychotics. Finally in the psychotherapy context, paranoid idea may be subject of treatment for patient with EDs.
Health risk assessment: heavy metals in fish from the southern Black Sea
Authors: Bat Levent , Öztekin Ayşah , Arici Elif , Şahin Fatih
Published: February 2020

Introduction. The coastal contamination of the Black Sea has been an important issue for several decades. Heavy metals are the most harmful contaminants which affect people health. The research objective of the present study was to determine the amounts of Cd, Hg, Pb, Cu, and Zn found in the whiting (M. merlangus L.) and the red mullet (M. barbatus L.). These Black Sea bottom fish species have the highest commercial value. The obtained data were used to assess the risk which the fish represents for human consumers.

Study objects and methods. The elements were detected using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The amounts of the metals arranged in the following order: Zn > Cu > Pb > Hg > Cd.

Results and discussion. The mean values of Cd, Hg, Pb, Cu, and Zn in the edible tissues were 0.013, 0.024, 0.07, 0.195, and 9.05 mg/kg wet wt. for whiting and 0.017, 0.036, 0.05, 0.29, and 6.4 mg/kg wet wt. for red mullet, respectively. These levels proved lower than the permitted values set by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries of the UK (MAFF), Turkish Food Codex (TFC), and EU Commission Regulation. The target hazard quotient (THQ) for all the elements via consumption of whiting and red mullet were also low.

Conclusion. Hazard index (HI) was ˂ 1, which means that the fish caused no health problems in people who consumed whiting and red mullet caught in the southern Black Sea during the fishing seasons of 2017–2018. The carcinogenic risk index (CRI) for whiting and red mullet was also considered insignificant.
Inappropriate disposal of ‘flushable’ consumer products – reasons for concern
Authors: Joksimovic Darko , Khan Anum , Orr Barry
Published: February 2020

Inappropriate disposal of wipes and other products that are either explicitly labelled or assumed by the consumers to be flushable via toilets is increasingly being cited as the cause of a range of sewer systems issues. In the rapidly growing and diverse market for these consumer products, there are significant variations in consumer information provided by manufacturers, product composition and behaviour in different components of wastewater system. This paper summarizes the results of assessing the labelling, drainline clearance and disintegration testing of 101 consumer products, adopting the International Water Services Flushability Group flushability specifications. None of the products tested satisfy the product labelling Code of Practice, and all products other than bathroom tissue failed the disintegration test, including the 23 products that were labelled ‘flushable’. The need for a global definition of a ‘flushable’ product exists and it is vital that it is brought into legislation in an effort to combat misconceptions around consumer products that may exist internationally.
Multiple Risk Factors: A Challenge in the Management of Autism
Authors: Nadeem Muhammad S. , Al-Abbasi Fahad A. , Kazmi Imran , Murtaza Bibi N. , Zamzami Mazin A. , Kamal Mohammad A. , Arif Amina , Afzal Muhammad , Anwar Firoz
Published: February 2020

:

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is an emerging health problem involving 1 out of every 68 children.
The incidence rate of autism has increased 3 folds during the last 3 decades. Due to the illusive picture of aetiology,
a considerable number of autistic children fail to receive proper behavioural and medicational treatment. The
present study provides a cumulative account of autism risk factors. Several factors including the gene expression
and gene mutations, environmental pollution, metal ion accumulation, exposure to pesticides, immune deficiencies,
viral infections, mother’s age, health, mental status, mother’s interactions with the foetus, vaccination of
mother and children, and modulations in gut microbiota have been debated. These risk factors may contribute to
the development of autism either independently or synergistically leading to a broad spectrum of characteristics
observed in autistic patients. The variable quantitative influence of a wide spectrum of risk factors may result in a
unique set of features in each autistic individual. However, the exact mechanism behind the combined impact of
various aetiological factors is poorly understood hindering the adaptation of specified and effective therapies.
Dural Venous Sinuses: What We Need to Know
Authors: Zong Changqing , Yu Xiang , Liu Jun , Liu Yawu
Published: February 2020

Background:

The dural venous sinuses (DVS), in general, are frequently asymmetrical
and display far more anatomical variations than arterial systems. A comprehensive study of the anatomy
and variants of the DVS can help surgeons in the preoperative evaluation and management as
well as minimizing possible complications in the following treatment.

Methods:

The current review was designed to provide a general overview of the normal anatomy
and notable variants of the cerebral venous system as surveyed from the available literature. The
pros and cons of different multimodal imaging methods for investigating DVS are also outlined. Finally,
cases of various pathological entities are illustrated from our clinical practice.

Conclusion:

There are many anatomical variations and lesions involving the DVS. MRI examination
can provide essential information both on anatomical variation and morphological or functional
change of the offending DVS in most circumstances. Multimodal non-invasive venography protocols
may become a feasible alternative to the classical digital subtraction angiography and would
improve the diagnostic accuracy in future studies.
Diabetes Prevention in Adolescents: Co-design Study Using Human-Centered Design Methodologies (Preprint)
Authors: Pike Julie M , Moore Courtney M , Yazel Lisa G , Lynch Dustin O , Haberlin-Pittz Kathryn M , Wiehe Sarah E , Hannon Tamara S
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND

The rise in pediatric obesity and its accompanying condition, type 2 diabetes (T2D), is a serious public health concern. T2D in adolescents is associated with poor health outcomes and decreased life expectancy. Effective diabetes prevention strategies for high-risk adolescents and their families are urgently needed.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to co-design a diabetes prevention program for adolescents by using human-centered design methodologies.

METHODS

We partnered with at-risk adolescents, parents, and professionals with expertise in diabetes prevention or those working with adolescents to conduct a series of human-centered design research sessions to co-design a diabetes prevention intervention for youth and their families. In order to do so, we needed to (1) better understand environmental factors that inhibit/promote recommended lifestyle changes to decrease T2D risk, (2) elucidate desired program characteristics, and (3) explore improved activation in diabetes prevention programs.

RESULTS

Financial resources, limited access to healthy foods, safe places for physical activity, and competing priorities pose barriers to adopting lifestyle changes. Adolescents and their parents desire interactive, hands-on learning experiences that incorporate a sense of fun, play, and community in diabetes prevention programs.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings of this study highlight important insights of 3 specific stakeholder groups regarding diabetes prevention and lifestyle changes. The findings of this study demonstrate that, with appropriate methods and facilitation, adolescents, parents, and professionals can be empowered to co-design diabetes prevention programs.
Dissecting Digital Card Games to Yield Digital Biomarkers for the Assessment of Mild Cognitive Impairment: Methodological Approach and Exploratory Study (Preprint)
Authors: Gielis Karsten , Vanden Abeele Marie-Elena , De Croon Robin , Dierick Paul , Ferreira-Brito Filipa , Van Assche Lies , Verbert Katrien , Tournoy Jos , Vanden Abeele Vero
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), the intermediate cognitive status between normal cognitive decline and pathological decline, is an important clinical construct for signaling possible prodromes of dementia. However, this condition is underdiagnosed. To assist monitoring and screening, digital biomarkers derived from commercial off-the-shelf video games may be of interest. These games maintain player engagement over a longer period of time and support longitudinal measurements of cognitive performance.

OBJECTIVE

This paper aims to explore how the player actions of Klondike Solitaire relate to cognitive functions and to what extent the digital biomarkers derived from these player actions are indicative of MCI.

METHODS

First, 11 experts in the domain of cognitive impairments were asked to correlate 21 player actions to 11 cognitive functions. Expert agreement was verified through intraclass correlation, based on a 2-way, fully crossed design with type consistency. On the basis of these player actions, 23 potential digital biomarkers of performance for Klondike Solitaire were defined. Next, 23 healthy participants and 23 participants living with MCI were asked to play 3 rounds of Klondike Solitaire, which took 17 minutes on average to complete. A generalized linear mixed model analysis was conducted to explore the differences in digital biomarkers between the healthy participants and those living with MCI, while controlling for age, tablet experience, and Klondike Solitaire experience.

RESULTS

All intraclass correlations for player actions and cognitive functions scored higher than 0.75, indicating good to excellent reliability. Furthermore, all player actions had, according to the experts, at least one cognitive function that was on average moderately to strongly correlated to a cognitive function. Of the 23 potential digital biomarkers, 12 (52%) were revealed by the generalized linear mixed model analysis to have sizeable effects and significance levels. The analysis indicates sensitivity of the derived digital biomarkers to MCI.

CONCLUSIONS

Commercial off-the-shelf games such as digital card games show potential as a complementary tool for screening and monitoring cognition.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02971124; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02971124
The principle of the executive power unity in the contemporary Russian federative model
Authors: Platonov V. M.
Published: February 2020

The article considers the unity of executive power in the federative model of contemporary Russia to show that a single system of executive power within the Russian political-legal culture presupposes a hierarchical relationship between executive authorities of different levels. Such specifics of the relationship between the federal executive bodies and executive bodies of the subjects of the Russian Federation contradicts the idea of a vertical division of powers. The Russian model of federal relations is based on the fact that if the interests of the federation and its subjects are intertwined the best decision is not to isolate or separate the levels of power but rather to help them to interact, to provide a joint solution to the challenges of the state and its constituent parts. The author studied the federal legal acts and the practice of the Constitutional Court, in which the principle of the unity of the executive power was reinforced and evaluated. The article is based on the culturological approach as a kind of the system-structural analysis of law and other elements of social reality. This approach allows to consider the specifics of the Russian federalism as a special model of public administration in dynamics, and the corresponding institutions in their constant interaction and development. The formal-legal method allowed to identify the legal content of the principle of the state power system unity as the ‘cornerstone’ of the Russian federative structure. As a result, the article presents the following cultural-historical model of the Russian federative relations: it allows for widespread decentralization in the political sphere (by providing a list of objects of joint jurisdiction of the federal center and the subjects of the Russian Federation, and also - by residual principle - the exclusive legislative competence of the subjects), while the federal center strengthens centralization mechanisms in the administrative sphere (through the distribution of powers within the joint jurisdiction), thus, ensuring political competition under the tough statist principles in public administration.
The influence of criminal deviation on the demographic processes in the Republic of Bashkortostan
Authors: Egoryshev S. V.
Published: February 2020

The current demographic situation in most regions of Russia is characterized by a number of negative trends associated with population decline, aging, low birth rate, high mortality, redistribution of migration flows and outflow of population, mainly of its young and working-age part, to the most economically developed regions, cities and abroad. Numerous factors influence the state and trends of demographic processes; this influence is studied and taken into account when the strategies of the demographic and social-economic policies of the country as a whole and its regions are considered. The social-economic development and its specific components including demographic processes are also determined by social deviations of a delinquent and criminal nature. The destructive consequences of criminal deviation for demographic processes are not obvious or critical, but they are manifested both directly (human losses) and indirectly (material and financial costs, increased mortality from alcohol, drugs, suicides, social exclusion of people who are sick or isolated due to deviations). Criminal deviation as a type of destructive social deviations is manifested mainly in crime and in those deviations that are its cause and corpus delicti. Based on the analysis of statistical and sociological data on the Republic of Bashkortostan, the author considers negative consequences of criminal deviation for the demographic situation and insists on the need to find effective measures to reduce them to a socially acceptable level (a criterion of such measures effectiveness).
Una experiencia para fomentar los procesos de gestión de la calidad académica en las carreras no acreditadas en la uned: caso ecen
Authors: Azze Pavón Aida B.
Published: February 2020

La universidad, dada su estructura organizativa actual, no prevé la figura organizativa de carrera (conformada por el programa y las cátedras afines), figura que en el contexto nacional e internacional de la Educación Superior promueve la articulación de la docencia, investigación y la extensión con la gestión de la calidad académica. Se plantea como problema la necesidad de implementar a nivel de carrera, un modelo para la Gestión de la Calidad Académica, que integre las funciones académicas sustantivas: docencia, investigación. El propósito es: “Proponer un modelo de Gestión de la Calidad Académica a nivel de carrera, que facilite el mejoramiento continuo de la calidadacadémica, acorde a los criterios de calidad nacionales e internacionales para la educación no presencial”. La metodología desarrollada, incluye el estudio documental, el análisis de sistemas y sus relaciones, así como la experiencia desarrollada en la aplicación práctica del modelo en las carreras no acreditadas de la Escuela de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (ECEN). Como resultado de este proceso de estudio y su aplicación práctica, se espera reflexionar entorno a la necesidad de implementar un modelo de Gestión de la Calidad Académica para las carreras de la UNED, acorde a criterios de calidad y estándares reconocidos nacional e internacionalmente para educación no presencial, y sus relaciones con el Círculo de la Calidad como modelo de gestión: planear, ejecutar, documentar, evaluar y tomar nuevas decisiones.
Reconocimiento mutuo como trabajo de traducción
Authors: Prada-Londoño Manuel
Published: February 2020

The paper exposed that mutual recognition could be approached as a translation work. The starting point is the «moving between worlds», used by Boltanski and Thévenot to refer to the subjects’ capacity to live in different «orders of worth», which Ricœur compared with the ability to translate. We examined five aspects of translation related to mutual recognition: a) its double meaning: translation between languages and translation as interpretation; b) the relationship between fidelity and betrayal; c) the training process experienced by the translator; d) the transformation of the translator’s own language; and, e) the articulation between the universality of the language and the plurality of the languages evident in the translation work.
Todo lo que he aprendido con la psicología económica [Reseña]
Authors: Durán-Pérez Sergio Alfonso
Published: February 2020

Título original: The making of Behavioral Economics Misbehaving Autor: Richard H. Thaler Año de publicación: 2015 Edición: Tercera edición (Colombia): febrero de 2018 Páginas: 523 ISBN: 978-84-234-2554-9 Editorial: Planeta Colombiana S.A., DEUSTO

El libro aquí referido resulta una adquisición obligatoria para todo aquel que quiera saber el origen, el desarrollo y las implicaciones de la economía conductual. Su estructura permite usarlo como libro guía en un seminario avanzado de economía, dada la riqueza y rigurosidad de sus referencias bibliográficas, o como libro introductorio para un lector desprevenido sin bases sólidas en teoría económica clásica, al no sacrificar la fluidez y el lenguaje amigable que genera un interés genuino hasta la última página.
APPLICATION OF THE LINEAR ORDERING METHODS TO ANALYSIS OF THE AGRICULTURAL MARKET IN POLAND
Authors: Gostkowski Michał , Graczyk Aleksandra , Koszela Grzegorz
Published: February 2020

The agricultural market is an integral component of the entire market, and its aim is the production of food and essential raw materials. The subject of research was the analysis of the agricultural market in Poland. For this purpose, several rankings for each year were developed using selected methods of linear ordering. To choose the best one ranking, the method of rankings comparison was applied. This allowed to present changes that took place during analyzed years in Poland.
THE USE OF AN ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK IN THE PROCESS OF CHOOSING THE PROJECT SUPPLY CHAIN BY THE PRINCIPAL CONTRACTOR
Authors: Halicki Marcin , Kwater Tadeusz
Published: February 2020

The project supply chain is characterized by many risks that expose the participating companies to bankruptcy, including primarily the principal contractor. For this reason, it is desirable to have a tool that will allow us to assess whether it is worth participating in such a chain without the risk of bankruptcy. The study showed that it can be an artificial neural network, whose support consists in indicating in which project supply chain the principal contractor should participate. In addition, it was shown which factors should be taken into account by them.
ON TRADING ON THE STOCK MARKET WITH THE SHORTAGE OF THE LIQUIDITY
Authors: Kociński Marek
Published: February 2020

In the article the model of the market with the transaction costs is considered with the market participant who intends to sell the shares of the stock with the presence of the liquidity shortage. The shortage in the liquidity can manfest itself in the occurrence of the market impact which can siginficantly decrease the profit from the stock trade. If the trading velocity is above some level, the market impact can occure and increase the cost of the trade. However the transaction cost can be present even in case of a small transaction on the stock market. The problem of maximization of the expected amount of money obtained from the sale of the stock shares is solved for the case of strategies with the constant trade speed and the particular range of the stock price drift. The example of numerical computations with the use the formulas from the paper, is included.
METODY ILOŚCIOWE W BADANIU STRAT I MARNOTRAWSTWA ŻYWNOŚCI W SEKTORZE PRODUKCJI PIERWOTNEJ
Authors: Niedek Mikołaj , Krajewski Karol , Szczepański Krystian , Łaba Sylwia
Published: February 2020

Przedmiotem artykułu jest przegląd metod pozyskiwania danych dotyczących ilości generowanych strat i marnotrawstwa żywności w sektorze produkcji rolnej na tle metod zalecanych dla poszczególnych ogniw łańcucha rolno-żywnościowego na poziomie UE. Rolnictwo stanowi pierwsze ogniwo tego łańcucha i powstaje w nim najwięcej strat żywności. W artykule przedstawiono uwarunkowania pomiaru strat i marnotrawstwa żywności w rolnictwie, znaczenie definiowania i monitorowania przeznaczenia produktu oraz kwalifikowania strat jako odpadów żywności. Przedstawiono również metody wykorzystane do badania ilościowego poziomu strat żywności w rolnictwie wykorzystanie w projekcie badawczym PROM realizowanym w ramach Programu GOSPOSTRATEG.
Is Conventional Resin Cement Adhesive Performance to Dentin Better Than Self-adhesive? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Laboratory Studies
Authors: Miotti LL , Follak AC , Montagner AF , Pozzobon RT , da Silveira BL , Susin AH
Published: February 2020

Clinical Relevance

Conventional multistep resin cements presented higher adhesive performance to dentin than simplified self-adhesive cements, which is an important criterion for indirect restoration prognosis.

This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of the literature on laboratory studies assessing bonding performance to dentin of conventional and self-adhesive resin cements, in cementing indirect restorations. This review was reported according to the PRISMA Statement. Of a total of 518 studies, 36 were screened full text and reviewed according to exclusion criteria. Nineteen papers were included in the systematic review and meta-analyses, according to the following inclusion criteria: studies that evaluated the bond strength to dentin of indirect restorations cemented with dual conventional or self-adhesive resin cements and those that presented bond strength data in MPa as an outcome. Statistical analyses were conducted using Rev-Man 5.1. Comparisons were performed with random effects models at 5% significance level. A global analysis comparing conventional and self-adhesive cements and three subgroup analyses comparing immediate and long-term results were performed. Global analysis showed a difference between groups, with conventional resin cements presenting higher bond strength results than self-adhesive resin cements, in immediate and long-term time periods (both p=0.03). Immediate and longterm bond strength results were different for self-adhesive cements, favoring immediate bond strength (p=0.03), but immediate and long-term bond strength results for conventional resin cements were not different (p=0.06). Medium or high risk of bias was found in all studies. Conventional multistep resin cements showed superior overall adhesive performance compared with simplified self-adhesive resin cements when used to cement indirect restorations to dentin.
PENGARUH SINAR UV TERHADAP pH DAN TOTAL PADATAN TERLARUT NIRA AREN (Arenga pinnata MERR) SELAMA PENYIMPANAN
Authors: ANSAR Ansar Ansar , Sukmawaty Sukmawaty , Muttalib Abdul , Wartono Nopia
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this research was to study the effect of UV light on pH quality and color of palm sap during storage. The materials used in this research was palm sap then this material radiation by the light of UV in the coolbox. The radiation given for two sample, first sample for palm sap morning tapping and the second is palm sap afternoon tapping with the variation of the uv light is 3, 6, and 9 watt and the time for radiation is 30, 60, and 90 minute. The parameters observed by this reaseach are pH, brix, and color. pH value counted by pH metter, refractometer for brix’s value, and hunter Lab for the color of palm sap. The result showed that, palm sap unradiation having decrease a lot from palm sap with radiation. Along with a decrease in the quality of pH, brix levels in each sample palm sap weren’t having significantly changed but showed the fluktuaktif value. Color of palm sap, L* (lightness) value having increase and a* (redness) with b* (yellowness) having decrease all of them. The decrease in pH quality of 0.38 was smaller than that of the palm sugar sap without irradiated at 0.53.
Improved Information on Heart Examination Results Uses a 12-lead Discrete Electrocardiograph
Authors: Setiawidayat Sabar
Published: February 2020

The results of examination of the condition of the heart using an electrocardiograph are generally presented in an ecg paper. Using ecg paper because in the paper there are boxes that are used as guidelines for calculating wave amplitude and wave duration. If the required amplitude is information on peak amplitude and wave morphology information, then the duration is information on the value of segment duration, interval duration, and heart rate. As is known in the ECG paper the results of the examination that only some information is presented, so information that does not yet exist must be calculated manually using existing boxes. This manual calculation requires time and accuracy, so that this waiting time can cause the patient's disease stage to increase, and on the other hand that the lack of accuracy of the calculation can cause misdiagnosis. This study aims to provide information on clinical standard cardiac examination results using Electrocardiograph discrete (ECGd) and standard Electrocardiograph (ECGs). In ECGd, the leads of the heart signal are sampled at a frequency of 250 Hz so that it becomes discrete data. Maximum filtering on 1.6 mV treshold data discrete peak R is obtained in each cycle. The PQRST algorithm method is used to get the PQST peak and duration parameters. The results showed that the percentage of the amount of information from the ECGd examination was 82.4% while the results of the ECGs examination were 25.4%
Impacts of the peer-to-peer market on tourist accommodation on the Balearic Islands of Mallorca and Menorca
Authors: Benítez-Aurioles Beatriz
Published: February 2020

Using the Balearic Islands of Mallorca and Menorca as case studies, this research identifies the patterns of development in the peer-to-peer market for tourist accommodation in the islands. Characteristics of this market include the predominance of the supply of entire homes and the concentration of demand in a few accommodations, as well as the remarkable unequal spatial distribution in the existing urban structure and the aggravation of problems related to seasonality. Nevertheless, the different degree of maturity of each market differs in the two cases. The results show hotel occupancy suffers from the intensification of tourist housing, independent of hotel category, or of the growth of demand in the peer-to-peer market, while tourism employment increases. These results suggest the impacts are evident beyond some threshold of tourism market development.
Six Oceania microstates: The genesis of media accountability
Authors: Singh Shailendra
Published: February 2020

Media accountability systems (M*A*S) have been slow to take root in Oceania. Apart from Papua New Guinea, Fiji is the trend-setter in the region. Following the establishment of the Fiji Media Council in the mid-1990s, several other South Pacific island countries were keen to the follow the lead. Tonga now has a similar body with a code of ethics and which includes public members empowered to receive and adjudicate on complaints against the media. In Samoa, a study has been carried out in order to establish a media council-type body. The Solomons Islands Media Council (SIMC) is an industry organisation that does not yet have a complaints procedure. It is considering including this mechanism in line with the Papua New Guinea Media Council with which it shares a website and has a cooperative agreement. This article examines the debate in six South Pacific island countries that have adopted, or are in the process of adopting, self-regulatory M*A*S mechanisms following government pressure. They are the Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga and Vanuatu. The article also argues that there are other M*A*S that regional media can adopt besides media councils and this action would make it harder for governments to intervene and introduce regulation.
Aquaculture in Brazil and worldwide: overview and perspectives
Authors: Calixto Eduardo Soares , Santos Danilo Ferreira Borges , Lange Denise , Galdiano Melina Santos , Rahman Inayat Ur
Published: February 2020

Aquaculture is the cultivation of aquatic organisms through a controlled cultivation process. Currently, half the fish consumed by the world population is produced by aquaculture activity. This review, and informed data, trends, and the general panorama of aquaculture in Brazil and worldwide, as well as the scenario of the tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) production, in order to provide specific directions for future investments and researches. Globally, fish aquaculture productivity is approximately 110 million tons in 2016, with China being the country with the highest productivity (49 million tons). Brazil occupies the 13th place with about 700 thousand tons of aquaculture fish, where tilapia is one of the most cultivated. Furthermore, the ration production for aquaculture is one of the fastest-growing sectors in the country (930 thousand tons of ration represents 1.33% concerning the total feed produced to cultivation of the animals – data of 2016), with emphasis on the biofloc system, which represents a productive method with better cost-benefit and low environmental impact. In general, aquaculture trends are the real progress of this activity, but so that social, economic, and environmental aspects are interconnected and progressing concomitantly.
Impact of wearing a service vest on three-dimensional truncal motion in dogs
Authors: Foutz Timothy L. , Budsberg Steven C.
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVE

To develop a 3-D kinematic model to measure truncal motion in dogs and assess changes in truncal motion in dogs when wearing each of 2 service vests.

ANIMALS

5 adult mixed-breed dogs.

PROCEDURES

27 reflective markers were placed on the pelvis, trunk, and scapula of each dog. Six infrared cameras were placed around a treadmill to track the location of the markers within a calibrated space. Dogs were recorded during walking and trotting on the treadmill. Local and global coordinate systems were established, and a segmental rigid-body model of the trunk was created. Dogs were then recorded while wearing a custom vest and an adjustable vest during walking and trotting on the treadmill. Range of motion of the trunk when dogs were and were not wearing vests was compared by repeated-measures ANOVA.

RESULTS

An anatomic coordinate system was established by use of markers located at T1, T13, and the xiphoid process. Range of motion of the trunk during a gait cycle did not differ significantly regardless of the day of the test for both walking and trotting gaits. Trunk motion of dogs when walking and trotting was significantly reduced when dogs were wearing a vest, compared with trunk motion when not wearing a vest.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

A 3-D kinematic model for measuring truncal rotation was developed. Results indicated measurable differences in the gait of dogs when wearing each of the 2 service vests, compared with the gait when not wearing a vest.
Usefulness of pericardial lung ultrasonography for the diagnosis of cardiogenic pulmonary edema in dogs
Authors: Hori Yasutomo , Yamashita Yohei , Sakakibara Keiichiro , Sano Tadashi , Hori Ai
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVE

To investigate whether lung ultrasonography (LUS) performed around the heart, where the lungs are in contact with the pericardium (ie, pericardial LUS), could be used for the diagnosis of cardiogenic pulmonary edema (CPE) in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD).

ANIMALS

15 control dogs with healthy hearts and 26 dogs with DMVD.

PROCEDURES

In a prospective multicenter study design, dogs with DMVD were assigned to 2 groups: those with CPE (n = 11) and those without CPE (15). Thoracic radiography, echocardiography, and pericardial LUS were performed for all dogs. For pericardial LUS, the left ventricular short-axis view was obtained with a sector probe (dog positioned in right parasternal recumbency) and the number of B lines was recorded. Accuracy of pericardial LUS for the diagnosis of CPE was calculated, with thoracic radiography used as the reference standard.

RESULTS

On thoracic radiography, all dogs with CPE had a diffuse distribution of interstitial to alveolar pulmonary infiltrates. On pericardial LUS, most control dogs (14/15) and dogs with DMVD but no CPE (13/15) had ≤ 2 B lines, whereas all dogs with DMVD and CPE had ≥ 3 B lines. The presence of ≥ 4 B lines had high sensitivity (91%; 95% confidence interval, 62% to 98%) and excellent specificity (100%; 95% confidence interval, 89% to 100%) for the diagnosis of CPE, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.99.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Results suggested that identification of ≥ 4 B lines extending from the epicardium of the left ventricle into the lung field on pericardial LUS may be useful in the diagnosis of CPE in dogs with DMVD. Additional research is needed to determine whether pericardial LUS allows differentiation between CPE and pneumonia.
Usefulness of muscle condition score and ultrasonographic measurements for assessment of muscle mass in cats with cachexia and sarcopenia
Authors: Freeman Lisa M. , Michel Kathryn E. , Zanghi Brian M. , Vester Boler Brittany M. , Fages Julien
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVE

To compare muscle condition scores (MCSs) and muscle ultrasonographic measurements in cats with and without muscle loss and to evaluate repeatability and reproducibility of MCS assessment.

ANIMALS

40 cats of various ages, body condition scores (BCSs), and MCSs.

PROCEDURES

A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted. Body weight, BCS, MCS, epaxial muscle height (EMH), vertebral epaxial muscle score (VEMS), and forelimb epaxial muscle score (FLEMS) were assessed in each cat. The MCS for each cat was assessed 3 separate times by each of 5 raters.

RESULTS

The MCS was significantly correlated with EMH (r = 0.59), VEMS (r = 0.66), and FLEMS (r = 0.41). For MCS, the overall value of the κ coefficient for interrater agreement (reproducibility) was 0.43 and the overall value of the κ coefficient for intrarater agreement (repeatability) ranged from 0.49 to 0.76.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Ultrasonographic measurements of muscle may be useful for assessing muscle loss in individual cats over time. However, for the cats of this study, no advantage was observed for assessment of VEMS or FLEMS over EMH. Substantial repeatability and moderate reproducibility were shown when MCS was used for assessment of muscle mass in cats. Prospective ultrasonographic studies are warranted to evaluate the usefulness of MCS and EMH assessment for evaluation of changes in muscle mass of cats over time.
History of Fire
Authors: Szydło Zbigniew A.
Published: February 2020

The history of fire is an important and fascinating topic, yet it is not covered in any school or university syllabus. In the present article, the author argues a case for its inclusion in chemistry teaching programs. He outlines some key points relating to investigations on the nature of combustion processes and the discovery of oxygen. Details are included for a class experiment with gunpowder, which is suitable for school pupils aged 13 to 15.
Armed Forces As The Russian Federation’s Strategic Tool
Authors: Banasik Mirosław
Published: February 2020

The experience of the past decade shows a steadily increasing role of the armed forces in the implementation of Moscow’s strategic aspirations. The aim of this work is to present the geopolitical ambitions of Russia in competition with the West and the role of the armed forces in satisfying these ambitions, as well as to evaluate their modernisation. The article identifies the directions of Moscow’s strategic aspirations and presents a vision of Russia’s future war. The reforms carried out by the Russian national defence ministers Anatoliy Serdyukov and Sergey Shoygu are evaluated. The conclusions resulting from the involvement of Russian armed forces in the conflicts in Ukraine and Syria are explained. It indicates the changes that will take place in particular branches of the armed forces in the near and long terms.
Two-Stage Kalman Filter for Fault Tolerant Estimation of Wind Speed and UAV Flight Parameters
Authors: Hajiyev Chingiz , Cilden-Guler Demet , Hacizade Ulviye
Published: February 2020

In this study, an estimation algorithm based on a two-stage Kalman filter (TSKF) was developed for wind speed and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) motion parameters. In the first stage, the wind speed estimation algorithm is used with the help of the Global Positioning System (GPS) and dynamic pressure measurements. Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is applied to the system. The state vector is composed of the wind speed components and the pitot scale factor. In the second stage, in order to estimate the state parameters of the UAV, GPS, and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) measurements are considered in a Linear Kalman filter. The second stage filter uses the first stage EKF estimates of the wind speed values. Between these two stages, a sensor fault detection algorithm is placed. The sensor fault detection algorithm is based on the first stage EKF innovation process. After detecting the fault on the sensor measurements, the state parameters of the UAV are estimated via robust Kalman filter (RKF) against sensor faults. The robust Kalman filter algorithm, which brings the fault tolerance feature to the filter, secures accurate estimation results in case of a faulty measurement without affecting the remaining good estimation characteristics. In simulations, noise increment and bias type of sensor faults are considered.
Jesus Christ as the Final Scapegoat: Mobilizing Nonviolent Movements for Change
Authors: Nessan Craig L.
Published: February 2020

We live in an age of endemic violence. Violence is fed by the binary categories through which human beings interpret the world, leading to the phenomenon of scapegoating violence. Jesus died to be the final scapegoat. Spirals of fear singled out Jesus to be the scapegoat for the anxieties and animosities of the people in his time. René Girard discovered in the Christian Gospels a truthful narrative that did not mask or disguise scapegoating for what it is: the elimination of the innocent victim(s). Christians dare to claim that Jesus died to end all scapegoating. This nonviolent interpretation of the cross of Jesus Christ serves as the theological foundation for active participation by Christians in movements for organized nonviolent resistance as a means of achieving social justice. This foundation is urgently needed in a world of spiraling violence and war making.
Importance of Faculty Involvement in Orientation
Authors: Abel Michael J. , Bice Asheley , Cox Bradley E.
Published: February 2020

Interaction with faculty is a critical element of the college student experience. Orientation is perhaps the first, and among the most valuable, opportunities for an institution to intentionally shape new student perceptions of the faculty. By carefully crafting faculty involvement in Orientation, an institution can present its faculty as active, engaged, and caring members of the campus community. This article discusses the literature and research surrounding faculty-student interaction, including the value of early interaction, the impediments to faculty involvement in Orientation, and the opportunities for faculty involvement in academic and social programs. The authors conclude that faculty participation in Orientation is beneficial, possible, and critical. Orientation professionals should seek out faculty to participate, as students will ultimately form opinions about the campus culture from their experiences at Orientation. Positive interactions between professors and students at Orientation can contribute to students’ ultimate success in college.