bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The use of secondary raw materials of food production for bakery flour mixtures
Authors: Berezina N A , Nikitin I A , Terentyev S E , Tryabas Y A , Klokonos M V
Published: April 2021

Secondary raw materials formed in the technological process of production of such products as pumpkin juice, beet sugar, etc. is a promising source of useful components, including fiber, pectin substances, macro- and microelements in bioavailability form, etc. It was determined that the water-binding capacity of powders from pumpkin pomace and sugar beet pulp, as well as oat flour, is higher than that of wheat and rye flour by 20.9-22.8%. The study developed the composition of a flour mixture including, %: peeled rye flour - 60, second grade wheat flour - 20, pumpkin pomace powder - 6.3, sugar beet pulp powder - 5.7, oat flour - 8. It is determined that preliminary soaking of powders of pumpkin pomace and sugar beet pulp, as well as oat flour has a positive effect on the physical and chemical properties of bakery products, as well as the content of aromatic compounds in them. The content of dietary fiber in the developed products is 20% of the daily requirement, which makes it possible to classify the developed bread as functional food products.
Regularities of spring runoff formation and erosion under the influence of forest and agrotechnical rec-lamation in the southern chernozem of the Volga region
Authors: Proezdov Peter , Eskov Dmitry , Rozanov Alexander , Sviridov Sergey
Published: April 2021

The purpose of the study was to determine the regularities of the spring formation elements of water balance and soil erosion under the influence of a set of anti-erosion techniques based on long-term observations (1964-2020). The research object was created in 1964 on the land of the farm “Vyazovsky”. The complex of anti-erosion techniques consists of two forest strips 300 m apart, reinforced with ditches. The inter-lane space was developed by crop rotations and pasture with the use of mulched crevices to combat, with silting and ice content of cracks. The dose of straw sections at a distance between the slits of 1.4 m – 4.8 t / ha. Forest belts accumulate snow by 33.3% more than open agricultural landscapes, and in low-snow winters, the effect of snow deposition increases by another 20%. Long-term studies of spring runoff on land in the steppe of the Volga upland allowed us to recommend the appropriate values of 10% probability of excess for creating soil protection complexes from erosion: moldboard ploughland – 25 mm, moldboardless ploughland– 47 mm, winter crops и grass pastures – 65 mm. The content of southern chernozem with A+B <0.5 m at the permissible level of erosion equal to 0.3 t / ha is possible when a complex of anti-erosion forest reclamation and agrotechnical techniques is introduced into the technology of crop cultivation. Regression and correlation analysis found that the spring runoff coefficient and spring soil erosion depend on the amount of water reserves in the snow and the degree of protection of land from erosion by anti-erosion techniques by 92-99%.
Methodology for designing the pressure characteristics of the cutting-separating unit of the flax harvester
Authors: Nikiforov A G , Kuchumov A V , Terentyev S E , Gerasimov V N , Rekovets A V
Published: April 2021

The paper considers the features of the innovative design and gas dynamics of the flow in the flow path of the cutting-separating turbine unit of the flax combine. On the basis of the combine tests, the possibility of using a turbine unit to ensure a stable movement of the working mixture in the pneumatic transport system of the combine was considered. To provide the necessary pressure characteristics, a method for designing a flow path is proposed on the basis of the hypothesis of the analogy of the action on the flow of a set of cutting sets with a centrifugal compressor blade. Stodola for turbomachines and calculation of ideal gas flow on the axisymmetric surface of the interscapular channel
Development of a root crop grinder
Authors: Ayugin N P , Khalimov R Sh , Yakovlev S A , Matasov A N , Ulyanov M V
Published: April 2021

The article presents design of the developed root crop grinder, and also compares theoretical and laboratory studies of the root crop grinding process. The article describes a number of dependences: the power spent on root crop grinding, idling and cutting on the rotational speed of the chopper drum, throughput capacity on rotational speed of the chopping drum and grinding specific energy consumption on the cutting speed. The research results can be used in design development of root crop grinders for livestock enterprises.
Organization of efficient and environmentally friendly milk processing production
Authors: Nemenushchaya Lyudmila , Konovalenko Lyudmila , Shchegolikhina Tatiana
Published: April 2021

The article discusses the prospects for the technical equipment of milk processing industries in accordance with the implementation of the best available technologies (BAT). Examples of technologies and equipment corresponding to BAT for milk processing are shown, which implement membrane methods for processing whey, making cottage cheese and cheeses, which reduce energy costs and improve product quality compared to classical methods. Both domestic and imported units of equipment for milk processing are presented, the technologies and equipment developed are described in tabular form, conclusions are drawn about the need to increase own production of various membrane units.
Increasing the service life of agricultural machinery parts and units by laser cladding
Authors: Biryukov V P
Published: April 2021

Ensuring the durability of the functioning of agricultural machinery is an urgent problem during the transition of the fields of activity to sustainable development. The article presents the results of metallographic and tribological studies of multicomponent environmentally friendly coatings of agricultural machinery with the addition of tantalum carbide to the charge composition. Using a full factorial experiment, the geometric parameters of the deposited coatings were determined depending on the power, processing speed and the diameter of the laser beam. Regularities of the change in the friction coefficients from pressure are obtained. The wear resistance of the coatings is higher than that of hardened 45 and 65Mn steels. A pilot batch of paws of a cultivator of agricultural machinery with laser cladding for field tests was made.
Application of digital technologies in the agro-industrial complex of Russia
Authors: Beksultanova A I , Sadueva M A , Nazaeva M I
Published: April 2021

Digital technologies are increasingly used in all segments of agriculture. Improving the efficiency of agricultural enterprise management through digitalization technologies helps to maintain competitiveness in the market. To make the right management decisions, you need information, data that allows you to collect technologies such as satellite images, high-tech sensors, GPS systems, and more. The apogee of the digitalization process of the enterprise will be the transition to precision farming. The paper presents data analyzed by the Department of Science and Technology Policy and Education of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation together with the Center for Forecasting and Monitoring of the Kuban State Agrarian University. The collection of statistical information is organized through the regional governing bodies of the agro-industrial complex on the use of elements of precision agriculture in 2019.The article explores the role of digital technologies in the agro-industrial complex, notes the benefits from the use of digital technologies, characterizes pressing economic and economic issues and problems that hinder the development of the agro-industrial complex ( Agro-industrial complex). It also provides recommendations on how the use of digital technologies contributes to the increase and functioning of the efficiency of agri-food systems.
SCS-assisted preparation of magnetically soft Li and LiZnMn ferrite nanopowders with enhanced bioavailability and bioactivity suitable for use in food technology
Authors: Martinson K D , Beliaeva A D , Nianikova G G , Panteleev I B
Published: April 2021

This article provides information about the bactericidal performances of lithium ferrites nanopowders obtained via heat-treatment of amorphous products of solution combustion approach. XRD, EDX, SEM, and VSM were used to investigate morphology features, structural and magnetic parameters. The inhibition zone test with Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus citreus as the bacterial source was used to investigate the antibacterial performances. It was found that pure single-phase Li and LiZnMn ferrites with an average size of particles − 35 and 44 nm, respectively, are formed under the SCS-assisted method. The investigation of magnetic behavior indicates the magnetically soft nature of the obtained powders with moderate coercivity force (Hc) values equal to 116.1 Oe for Li-ferrite and 54.3 Oe for LiZnMn-ferrite. When studying the antibacterial activity, the inhibition zones were measured as 16-17 mm for E. coli, 15-25 mm in the case of B. cereus, and 13-16 mm for S. citreus, and the findings is the synthesized compositions are suitable for use in the agricultural sector.
Assessment effectiveness of the functional zoning and calculation of the recreational load for the territory of Izmailovsky Park
Authors: Slepnev M A , Al-Qatrany A D
Published: April 2021

The article reviews Izmailovsky park and it is not only one of the most environmentally friendly parks in Russia, but also in Europe, a monument to landscape art, as well as a specially Protected Natural Area. The park itself is located on the territory of the city’s Izmailovo natural forest and covers an area of about 310 hectares. This paper will be analyzed the recreational load of the entire territory of the Izmailovsky Park, roads and trail network and assessment of the functional zoning of the Park by Analyze the current situation of the territory; calculate the pedestrian flows; Analyze pedestrian traffic; and Justify the urban planning decision. Recreational human loads in big cities such as Moscow and others depends on the relationship between areas of green territories on one hand and the increasing in population on the other hand, which significantly affects the natural framework for urban areas. This relation will be caused a lot of a deterioration in the natural environment and evaluation through structure planning for Urban Development, which determines the distribution of population density, and access to recreational facilities. To ensure the sustainable development of natural lands, the components of the natural environment must be balanced with human actions and activities during the study data allowed us to assess the real better view and decision for 4 entrances of the park. The main load falls on the northern entrance to the Park an analysis of the urban development situation of Izmailovsky Park was made, inconsistencies were identified in the current use of the Park’s territories, and the number of potential visitors was calculated.
Rational use of natural resources and environmental protection in agriculture
Authors: Stepanova N E , Vasil’ev A K , Akhmedov A D , Guschina I A , Zharkova D S
Published: April 2021

The article presents the indicators of the development of the agro-industrial complex of the Volgograd region, the achievements in the provision of agricultural products to the population, both in our region and the entire Russian Federation, are noted. One of the water bodies is considered, located on the territory of the Volgo-Akhtuba floodplain natural park, in the zone of agricultural landscapes, the resources of which are used by farmers for irrigating cultivated crops. The data of hydrological surveys of JSC “Volgovodproekt” carried out on the territory of the natural park have been studied. The main negative factors of agro-industrial production with an increase in irrigated areas and their impact on water bodies are analyzed. The hydrochemical indicators of the water quality of the Akhtuba River were investigated and the integral indicators of water quality were calculated. It was revealed that the use of the combinatorial index of water pollution is a priority for assessing water quality.
Features of water balance in the Selenga and Onon river basins during the formation of rain floods
Authors: Ivanova O I , Vinogradova L I , Kozhukhovsky A V
Published: April 2021

Floods are characterized by non-periodic and short-term rise in the water level in the river, which can lead to catastrophic consequences and large material damage. The aim of this work is to study in detail the components of the water balance of the river basin, which affect the amount of flood runoff. The objects of study are the rivers of Eastern Siberia Selenga and Onon rivers. For the work, materials of long-term observations of the hydrometeorological network of the Trans-Baikal UGMS were used, as well as the database of the GPCC atmospheric precipitation climatology center. The methodological basis was a comprehensive hydrological and geographical analysis of the processes of flood runoff, namely the water balance method. In the course of the study, a geographical analysis of the factors of floods in the conditions of the steppe, forest-steppe and taiga zones of Eastern Siberia was carried out. For a thirty-year period of hydrometeorological observations in the basins of the Selenga and Onon rivers, graphs of changes in water discharge over time (hydrographs) were constructed and genetically related values of flood runoff and flood-forming precipitation were calculated. The unity of landscape characteristics and climatic features determine the hydrological indicators of the river in its different sections, which gives an overall picture of the hydrological indicators of the river network as a whole. According to the ratio of the maximum discharge of water of various origins, spring floods and summer floods, in the basin of the river Selenga and Onon groups of rivers were identified according to the prevailing origin of maximum flow. For the rivers of the Selenga and Onon basins, fluctuations in river runoff and atmospheric precipitation were investigated, and their relationships with the characteristics of atmospheric circulation were established. Difficulties in the analysis of hydrometeorological processes for the considered river basins are their transboundary location.
Obtaining radioactivated strains of microorganisms and studying their antiradiation efficiency
Authors: Caynutdinov T R , Nizamov R N , Idrisov A M , Rakhmatullina G I , Guryanova V A
Published: April 2021

The preparations of microbial origin inactivated by irradiation on the “Researcher” gamma device were used as potential antiradiation drugs: E. coli strain “KV-1”, “PL-6”. The preparations were obtained by growing cultures in mesopatamia broth in a thermostat at 37 °C for 3 days, then centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 40-50 min, the supernatant was decanted, the precipitate was diluted with distilled water according to the L.A. turbidity standard. … Tarasevich up to 1 billion / ml. From the grown cultures, smears were prepared and stained according to Gram to determine the purity and species of the grown culture. The prepared suspension was poured into sterile vials of 10, 50, and 100 ml each, sealed with rubber stoppers and rolled in with aluminium caps, marking with the indication of the strain, radiation dose and date. Irradiation of microbial material was carried out on a gamma device “Researcher”, a source of 60Co, exposure dose rate 3.7 kGy / h, in the range of absorbed doses from 7.5 to 30 kGy with inter-dose intervals of 2.5 and 5 kGy. Studies to determine the radioprotective effectiveness of strains of microorganisms killed by gamma-irradiation were carried out on outbred sexually mature white mice with a live weight of 18-20 g, divided according to the principle of analogues into groups of 5 animals each according to the following scheme: irradiation + E. coli strain “KB- 1”, irradiation + E. coli strain “PL-6”, control of irradiation, biological control. Acute radiation sickness was simulated using the Puma gamma device with a 137Cs radioactive source at a dose of LD80-100 / 30. The test preparations were injected subcutaneously in a volume of 0.2 cm3 three days after radiation exposure. It was found that the introduction of cultures of microorganisms inactivated by gamma-irradiation E. coli strain “KV-1”, E. coli strain “PL-6” 3 days after external radiation exposure contributed to the preservation of 60 to 80% of irradiated white mice.
Effect of benzo(a)pyrene on the number of soil microorganisms of the genus Pseudomonas and Rhodococcus
Authors: Voronina Emma , Balandina Alevtina , Frolova Natalia , Dubrovina Svetlana , Loginova Tatiana
Published: April 2021

The paper presents the results of a study of the effect of benzo(a)pyrene on the activity of hydrocarbon-oxidizing soil bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas and Rhodococcus. The objects of research are samples of agrosod-calcareous soil, exposed to oil pollution, located near an oil refinery with an increased concentration of benzo(a)pyrene. Studies carried out over three years from 2017 to 2019 showed that in all soil samples that are exposed to oil pollution, the concentration of benzo(a)pyrene exceeds the MPC. It was found that an increase in the concentration of benzo(a)pyrene in the soil is accompanied by the suppression of the activity of hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria of the genus Rhodococcus and Pseudomonas. The presence of an inverse relationship between the content of benzo(a)pyrene and the number of microorganisms was confirmed by correlation analysis carried out using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients (ρs) and τb-Kendall. The data presented in this work can be used in organizing bioremediation of oil-contaminated agrosod-calcareous soils. In the case of a high level of soil pollution with oil products, for its effective restoration, additional support for the activity of hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms is needed, including by loosening.
Evaluation of sensitivity and setting of the MACRO 5.2. model on direct lysimeter studies of leachate
Authors: Belik A A , Kokoreva A A , Ezhelev Z S
Published: April 2021

The water assembly of the MACRO model, making allowance regarding the double porosity of soils, was parameterized according to experimental laboratory data and tested according to the results of studying the water regime of sod-podzolic middle loamy soils of large lysimeters of MSU. Testing of pesticide migration models is necessary to improve forecast accuracy and justify their use. The analysis of the sensitivity, estimated from the data on the lysimetric runoff at the lower point (1.5 m) of the soil, showed that the WRC parameters are the main physical support of the models, which sets the forecast accuracy. These are the parameters that must be used to customize the model. The MACRO model has showed itself better at describing lysimetric runoff during the growing season by taking into account the fast flows along macropores and fissures that occur during periods of intense precipitation in the model than the models previously used.
Identification of introduced coniferous plants in parks and gardens of the Saratov region
Authors: Sokolskaya Olga Borisovna , Pychin Oleg Nikolaevich , Vergunova Anastasia Arkadyevna , Kalinichenko Elina Borisovna
Published: April 2021

The article shows research on the main identified coniferous plants on the territory of the Saratov region. Relationships of families, sorts and species of coniferous plants of the Saratov Volga region are revealed there. The relation of representatives of different sorts and species in the coniferous plants families of the mentioned region is established. The distribution of species (units) is given according to the degree of their application in the culture and their importance for the region. We have determined the extent to which coniferous plants are used for gardening. The largest number of coniferous plants was found in parks and gardens, in landscaping of cities, small settlements and villages on the territory of the Saratov Volga region. The main conclusions were made.
Environmental and sociological aspects of sustainable development in green energy: a comparative analysis of the contexts of Europe (Sweden, Denmark, Iceland) and Asia (Japan, South Korea)
Authors: Egean A A
Published: April 2021

This article analyzes the environmental and sociological aspects in such a relevant topic for 2021 as green energy on the example of a number of countries in Europe and Asia, as a rule, the most developed in this segment. The main attention is paid to the history of formation, the genesis of green energy in each of them, advantages and disadvantages, differences and similarities in the contexts of development and modern functioning both between regions and between neighbouring countries. The main similarities are the limited and compact space of countries, the lack of access to oil and gas resources within countries, the active introduction of scientific and technological achievements. The differences are the following: proximity to the PRC in Asian countries and contact with its contexts, a relatively rapid transition from industrialization and low environmental standards in Asia, as well as the dynamic and advanced pace of development of science and technology in Japan against the background of selected European countries (Sweden, Denmark and Iceland).
Ecological assessment of wastewater on the environment by the example of Khanty-Mansiysk (KhMAO-Yugra)
Authors: Zhelonkina E E , Pafnutova E G , Andreev A A , Pafnutova I D , Andreev K A
Published: April 2021

Due to the increase in the population, water consumption increases, and the volume of wastewater increases accordingly. In this regard, an environmental assessment of wastewater, relief, granulometric composition of the city of Khanty-Mansiysk was carried out. Sewerage facilities have been analyzed, technology gaps have been identified. Methods for improving the operation of sewage facilities that will comply with environmental standards in order to remove the negative load on the natural environment are recommended. Water quality is a determining factor in the level of civilization and the manufacturability of production facilities, as well as an indicator of the rational management of territories [1].
Landscape and recreational framework of railway stations areas (topical trends analysis)
Authors: Teryagova A N , Akhmedova E A , Kuznetsov I V , Doskovskaya M S
Published: April 2021

The article reviews the problems faced by the railway station areas of the largest cities in their development process. Such concepts as the landscape and recreational framework of the territory, its functions, the search for possible reserves for spatial development and improving the quality of urban environment ecological compatibility are revealed. Natural and anthropogenic factors affecting the formation and functioning of the framework elements are analyzed.
The influence of the anthropogenic factor on the state of the natural-territorial complexes of the “Opuksky” reserve (Republic of Crimea) and the prospects for the development of ecological tourism
Authors: Zelenkovskiy P S , Dubrova S V , Podlipskiy I I , Lebedev S V , Nesterov E M , Egorov P I
Published: April 2021

The present research is devoted to the assessment of the ecological conditions of the “Opukskiy” reserve (Republic of Crimea, RF) under the conditions of increasing anthropogenic pressure. The development of ecological tourism on the territory of natural reserves is one of the vectors of development of the system of protected areas in Russia. However, this is associated with an increase in anthropogenic impact on these objects. To correctly account for the permissible anthropogenic pressures, strict monitoring measures are required to control environmental conditions. The work is based on the material obtained over three years (2017– 2019) in the framework of scientific practices for students of St. Petersburg State University. As a result of the work, a map of the distribution of heavy metals in the soils of the reserve was compiled. The regularities of migration of pollutants in soils are described and the vulnerability to pollution is substantiated. The stages of anthropogenic digression of plant communities have been determined. The consequences of tourism development are assessed. Recommendations for the regulation of tourism are given.
Influence of anthropogenic activities on changes in the chemical and biological properties of the soil
Authors: Aseeva T A , Selezneva N A , Sunyaikin A A , Tishkova A G , Afanasieva E G
Published: April 2021

The article investigates the influence of anthropogenic activity on the change in the chemical and biological properties of soils during agricultural use. The work was carried out in long-term stationary experiments laid down in 1963–1965. in the Khabarovsk Territory. The soil is meadow-brown, heavy loamy with an acidic reaction of the environment and low natural fertility. In the studied soils, the phosphorus supply varied from average in natural ecosystems to low in the variants with mineral fertilizers and very low in the variant without fertilizers. Potassium supply from high to high and medium, respectively. A decrease in acidity (pH 4.3) with an increase in anthropogenic load negatively affected the availability of chemical elements to plants and the number of microorganisms. Long-term agricultural use had a negative impact on the number of microorganisms inhabiting the soil of the agrocenosis: the content of ammonifiers decreased on average 9.7 times, amylolytics - 4.2 times. The use of mineral fertilizers contributes to some restoration of the biological activity of the soil, in comparison with the control option without their use.
Land Degradation Neutrality in the Tula region
Authors: Ogorodnikov S S
Published: April 2021

The article assesses the Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN), taking into account the specifics of Russian regions (on the example of the Tula region). For the assessment of the used software module “Trends.Earth”, remote sensing data and statistical materials in the public domain. About 44.70% of the territory of the Tula region by 2015 had deteriorated its characteristics, compared with 2000. The LDN values can be specified taking into account the specifics of the Russian regions. The article shows that the indicators of the LDN concept need serious adaptation, taking into account the peculiarities of soils and lands in Russia.
Landscape differentiation of the territory of the Knyagininsky district of the Nizhny Novgorod region (Russia)
Authors: Astashin A E , Fomicheva A A , Pashkin O N , Vatina O E , Sevast’yanova M Yu
Published: April 2021

The territory of the Knyagininsky district of the Nizhny Novgorod region, located in the north of the forest-steppe zone, is characterized, on the one hand, by high biological diversity characteristic, which typical for ecotones, on the other hand, by a high degree of anthropogenic transformation of landscapes. Both of these circumstances require a systematic – landscape – approach both to the organization of environmental management and to the planning and implementation of measures, providing environmental protection. However, to date, the scheme of landscape differentiation of the territory of the Knyagininsky district at the hierarchical level of landscapes required for making rational economic decisions, has not been developed. The article presents the results of landscape zoning of the territory of the Knyagininsky district of the Nizhny Novgorod region, performed on the basis of field researches, analysis of maps, literature sources and remote sensing data.
Main implementation criteria of the Ecology National Project in Russian regions
Authors: Babkina L N , Skotarenko O V , Kozin M N
Published: April 2021

The article shows that Russia regulates air and forest protection and conservation using national projects, e.g. the Ecology Project. A comparative analysis of relative indicators calculated using the suggested methods helped rank each region by the criteria of management of and contamination in three environmental components: atmosphere (air), hydrosphere (water), and forests (plants). The findings of the comparative analysis carried out for the regions to assess the condition of their environmental components, pollution levels, and conservation spending make it possible to determine strategic areas of conservation efforts for different planning horizons.
Landscape structure of the territory of the state nature complex reserve Ichalkovsky Bor (Nizhny Novgorod region, Russia)
Authors: Astashin A E , Badin M M , Astashina N I , Martilova N V , Vatina O E
Published: April 2021

The article presents the results of landscape differentiation of the territory of the state nature complex reserve “Ichalkovsky Bor” (Nizhny Novgorod region), performed at the hierarchical level of landscapes and stows. The research territory lies in the forest-steppe zone, and characterized by a rugged karst topography relief, high biological diversity, which determined its complicated landscape structure and great environmental and recreational importance. In 2020 it was decided to organize a geopark, based on the state nature complex reserve Ichalkovsky Bor. All these circumstances determine the high demand for the landscape zoning scheme, which is necessary for the effective organization of environmental and recreational activities. In the course of the research, 4 landscapes were identified, which included 33 kinds of stows. The work was carried out on the basis of field researches, conducted in 2015-2020, materials of remote sensing of the Earth, thematic maps, literature data, processed using GIS.
Disposal of glass containers using fusing technology
Authors: Bulekova A A , Temirgali G T , Gumarova Zh M , Murzashev T K , Yeskairova N N
Published: April 2021

Recently, glass containers are considered to be the most environmentally friendly for placing and storing products compared to plastic dishes. Therefore, the volume of consumption of products from glass containers is increasing, which requires resolving issues of its disposal or processing. The study proposed an alternative method for recycling glass containers, which allows you to efficiently recycle glass containers in order to reduce its emissions into the environment and harm the environment in general.
Sustainable development of urban areas in the context of global warming (on the example of assessing the methods of inventory of carbon dioxide emissions into the environment in the Russian Federation)
Authors: Renz A I
Published: April 2021

This article discusses an important scientific issue in the field of ecology and the environmental safety of urban areas - the pollution of the air of cities. In the context of global warming, the focus is on the problem of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their impact on the sustainable urban development. To solve the problems of climate change and sustainable development of urban areas, two main goals must be pursued: preserving the biosphere and creating a safe and comfortable environment compatible with the biosphere. In this case, the solution of these problems should begin with an assessment of the current situation. All in all, the article analyzes the methods of inventorying greenhouse gas emissions currently used in Russia (in particular, carbon dioxide emissions). Based on the results of a comparative analysis, their features were identified, and the most meaningful and comprehensive method was identified, which would provide reliable calculations when air pollution in urban areas is assessed. According to the author, it is necessary to improve the Russian regulatory, to development existing energy-efficient technologies, to switch over to renewable energies and use “green” building methods. This will allow in the future to form an environmentally safe and comfortable living environment and thereby ensuring sustainable development of urbanized areas.
Influence of protective forest planting on the resistance of agrocenoses on the boundaries with agromeliorations
Authors: Azarova Olesya , Tereshkin Aleksandr , Kalmykova Anna , Mashtakov Dmitriy , Zaigralova Galina
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the study of a unique object of protective steppe afforestation - the Guselsky forest reclamation experimental site, which is a system of protective forest plantings with a total area of 24.5 hectares. Protective plantings have good vitality and support the original dense structure. Analysis of the biometric materials of the sample plots shows that the most stable tree species on the southern chernozems and quite suitable for protective afforestation turned out to be pedunculate oak and white acacia. Under these conditions, they can be used as the main ones, since they have good preservation and valuation indicators. In protective forest plantings, the process of soil leaching is underway, which improves the water-physical, and, consequently, the forest-growing properties of the southern chernozems. Currently, these plantings have both protective and recreational roles due to partial development for low-rise buildings.
Use of statistical models to predict how different regions of the Arctic and the Northern Hemisphere will reach an ice-free regime
Authors: Malinin V , Averkiev A , Tsarev V , Istomin E , Petrov Y
Published: April 2021

Estimates of reaching an ice-free regime in September for different regions of the Arctic and the Northern Hemisphere are presented on the basis of an additive statistical model that takes into account trends and cyclical fluctuations for the period 1979-2017. assuming that the current climate regime will be maintained in the future. It is shown that, due to the rather high stability of the trend estimates for the sea ice area in the Arctic regions, taking into account cyclical fluctuations does not go beyond the rms trend errors.
Assessment of the importance of environmental aspects in the construction of oil and gas facilities
Authors: Vorobeva Yu A , Drapalyuk N A , Burak E E , Zherlykina M N , Isanova A V
Published: April 2021

One of the solutions for assessing the impact on the components of the natural environment and effective management at the present stage is the introduction of environmental management in the organization. The authors analyzed modern scientific approaches to the problem of greening the activities of enterprises and substantiated the expediency of using environmental control in the practice of environmental management. The paper substantiates the need to rank the elements of the activities of construction organizations in the construction of oil refining complexes according to the importance of their impact on the environment. The issues of environmental protection during the construction of the oil and gas complex are considered, taking into account the specifics of construction work. Functional zones for individual production processes and various impacts on the environment, types of impacts inherent in a construction company are identified. For the projected oil and gas complex, the identification of environmental aspects was carried out, significant aspects were highlighted and a comparative characteristic was drawn up for each of them.
Calculation methods of groundwater backwater in the zone of influence of hydraulic structures
Authors: Karpenko N P , Shiryaeva M A , Bogomazova Y S
Published: April 2021

The purpose of the work is to consider methods for calculating the forecast of groundwater backwater in the zone of influence of hydraulic structures. The analysis of the analytical dependencies for calculating the forecast of groundwater backwater for various schemes. A numerical model is proposed and a computational program for calculating the groundwater backwater has been developed for a homogeneous geofiltration structure which allows discretely calculating the groundwater backwater from the canal at any time. To simplify the solution of the problem of calculating the backwater of groundwater, a computer program was created in the Python Version 3.8 programming language, which quickly solves this hydrogeological problem. A possible range of geofiltration parameters is proposed. The results of predictive calculations of groundwater backwater are the basis for assessing the zones of possible flooding - the territory within which the groundwater level rises as a result of backwatering by a hydraulic structure.
Development of the mining complex of the Russian Far East
Authors: Leontiev Rudolf Georgievich , Arkhipova Yuliya Alexandrovna
Published: April 2021

One of the competitive advantages of the Russian Far East is the presence of the largest reserves of natural resources in the Russian Federation: 81% of diamond reserves, 51% of forests, 37% of fresh water, 33% of aquatic biological resources, 44% of gold, 27% of gas and 17% of oil. It also occupies a unique economic and geographical position in the Russian Federation and in the Asia-Pacific region. Despite this, the region is characterized by an unsatisfactory state of economic development. The article discusses the mining complex of the Far East of the Russian Federation, the region is defined as a “resource-type problem region”. Specific real-time current problems and the corresponding imperatives (orders, imperatives) of effective activity are formulated. It is concluded that the successful overcoming of these problems is associated with the need to form a complex of high-tech industries based on the use of mineral resources of the Far East. It is required to implement inter-sectoral cooperation and apply a new (expedient) concept of organization and spatial distribution of the productive forces of the mining industry - processing industries for raw materials” - in contrast to the currently used inappropriate concept - “raw materials for processing industries”.
Research into the current state of accident rate of electric networks in agriculture using the example of Astrakhan region
Authors: Khlebtsov A P , Zaynutdinova L Kh , Shilin A N
Published: April 2021

The paper deals with the accident rate of power electrical equipment of transformer substations of rural electric networks is studied depending on a number of factors, i.e. voltage class, service life, organizational and technical reasons for equipment damage as well as the type of equipment elements. The analysis was carried out on the basis of data for 2019 provided in the annual report of the branch of PJSC “Rosseti South”. In addition, the paper considers the information of patent documents in the subject area “Diagnostics of power electrical equipment” over the period of 2012-2019. The limited possibilities of the known methods for the purposes of operational forecasting of pre-emergency situations are shown. The feasibility of developing an intelligent data and measurement system for substations that supply electricity to remote agricultural facilities that uses complex diagnostic methods and provides operational forecasting of pre-emergency situations of transformer substations is justified.
Evaluation of explosive parameters of fuel oil additive manufacturing technology
Authors: Monashkov V , Russkova I , Logvinova Y , Rumyantseva N , Uljanov A
Published: April 2021

The widespread use of fuel oil stimulates the development of fuel additives to improve its technological properties. In this work, the parameters of the explosiveness of the technology for obtaining an additive based on the use of industrial alcohols are estimated. The schemes of development of typical scenarios of accidents have been developed, zones of destruction of buildings and structures and zones of damage by thermal radiation from the flame boundary have been determined for the accepted conditions. The research results can be used in the design and implementation of the technology for producing fuel oil additives based on flammable liquids.
The use of solar energy in air temperature control systems in industrial premises
Authors: Tseligorov N A , Naser A K , Ozerskiy A I , Tseligorova E N
Published: April 2021

It has been proposed to use absorption chillers that use solar energy for food processing enterprises. The simulation of the system in the Matlab environment showed that it is necessary to install digital controllers in temperature control systems that ensure the maintenance of the specified accuracy.
Influence of oil pollution on the surface of the microbial community and catalase activity of sod - podzolic soil
Authors: Gamzaeva R S
Published: April 2021

The article provides data on the influence of different levels of oil pollution on the structure of the microbial community and the activity of catalase in sod-podzolic soil during the cultivation of barley and wheat. It also presents data on the effect of biopreparations based on oil-oxidizing bacteria on the total number of microorganisms, microscopic fungi, actinomycetes and catalase activity. Based on the analysis of the microflora of oil-contaminated soddy-podzolic soil, it was found that oil pollution affects the total number of microorganisms, the qualitative and quantitative composition of micromycetes. and actinomycetes. It was also found that small concentrations of oil stimulate the number of microbiota and catalase activity. The introduction of biological products based on oil-oxidizing bacteria has a beneficial effect on the indicators of the general biological activity of the soil. It is noted that the selection of a phytomeliorant is of great importance in the reclamation of non-contaminated soil.
Efficiency investigation of the combined heat storage system using at NPPs with VVER
Authors: Yurin V E , Murtazov M A , Balukov I V
Published: April 2021

Using of consumer-regulators at NPPs will make it possible to increase the share of nuclear power plants in the power system due to the expansion of their use range with a constant installed capacity utilization factor of reactors. As a result, the renewal of the maneuverable capacities of the power system can be carried out with the reduction of power plants, operating on fossil fuel, which will lead to a decrease in emissions causing irreparable harm to the environment. In the article, the heat storage system developed by the authors is presented and researched. It includes a phase change accumulator, cold and hot water tanks and additional steam turbines, which will avoid expensive main turbine modernization and its deterioration magnification, also it will provide an additional reserve for the NPP’s own needs. The results of investigation conducted for a wide range of operating conditions have shown that systems pay off completely under certain conditions. The authors also showed that the installation of a hot water tank can reduce capital investment in a heat storage system based on a phase change accumulator.
Directions for the development of renewable energy sources in Russia using information technologies during the formation of the climate crisis
Authors: Bogodukhova E S , Britvina V V , Bobrova E O , Konyukhova G P , Altukhov A V
Published: April 2021

This work is devoted to the study of the dynamics of the development of renewable energy (RES) in Russia; or rather, provides effective directions for overcoming the climate crisis using information technology. The aim of the work is to study the impact of green energy both on the situation in the global energy market and on the infrastructural connectivity of the regions, on the basis of which projects for the introduction of alternative energy are being implemented. A comparative analysis of several countries has shown the effectiveness of the introduction of renewable energy sources into energy systems. Territorial studies have made it possible to identify regions where a full or partial transition from traditional energy to alternative energy as a source of energy supply will increase financial sustainability and improve the ecological situation of the environment. Based on the results of the work carried out, the most pragmatic direction for the development of renewable energy sources for the Russian energy system was determined. The article is supplied with graphic materials and tables, as well as a detailed description of each stage of the study.
Seismic safety of buildings and structures during iron ore mining
Authors: Zuev P I
Published: April 2021

The purpose of the work is to control the level of the impact of explosions on buildings and structures in order to ensure the safety of industrial and civil facilities, to accumulate information about the possible impact of tectonic disturbances on the energy and propagation of elastic waves arising during technological explosions. Control of the impact of explosions is carried out using a software and hardware complex created on the basis of geophysical equipment. The complex registers the parameters of the seismic wave, then their digital processing is performed. The article provides brief information about the deposit being developed by the mine and the history of its development. The reasons for updating the repeated studies of the impact of drilling and blasting operations on buildings and structures are described. Experimental results obtained during registration of the seismic effect from technological explosions at the “Magnetitovaya” iron ore mine are presented. The calculated values and their comparison with the current tolerances are given. Conclusions are made about the size of the impact on the objects under study. A measurement technique and subsequent processing of the data obtained are described.
Assessment of rational options for energy supply to remote consumers of the Arctic zone in the context of the development of renewable energy
Authors: Gubanov M M , Potemkin V V , Morkovkin D E , Shmanev S V
Published: April 2021

The article deals with the problem of power supply of various types of consumers of electric energy in remote regions of Russia and the Arctic zone in the context of the intensification of the development of renewable energy. The article substantiates the position that in order to ensure sustainable and rational energy supply to the largest group of consumers - small remote settlements-it is advisable to consider a set of measures in three main areas: energy saving and improving the energy efficiency of consumers, electricity supply based on geographically accessible energy sources, including renewable ones. It is shown that the key indicator of the development of renewable energy technologies in the Arctic zone and remote regions is the level of economically justified reduction of the “northern import” of fuel in the zone of decentralized energy supply, as well as cross-subsidization of energy tariffs for consumers of different target groups.
Texture Observation and Control in Metal Manufacturing : Theory and Practice
Authors: Kestens Leo A.I. , Galan Lopez Jesus , Pirgazi Hadi , Nguyen-Minh Tuan , Petrov Roumen H.
Published: April 2021

It is generally known that the crystallographic texture of metal alloys is formed during subsequent solid-state transformations, occurring during manufacturing of the product. Applied to the specific case of metal sheet manufacturing, it implies that the texture of the finished product is the result of the crystallographic phenomena involved in hot rolling, cold rolling and annealing. Austenite-to-ferrite phase transformation, plastic deformation, recrystallization and grain growth are the dominant solid-state transformations occurring during thermo-mechanical processing of steel sheet. Moreover, the crystallographic texture ensuing of a solid-state transformation is a characteristic feature of the physical mechanics underlying this transformation and therefore, a precise understanding of the texture formation mechanisms is an important tool in gaining a better understanding of metal physics phenomena. The present paper will give a brief overview of the current state-of-the-art in these issues.