bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Features of emotional burnout of pedagogical workers of state and commercial preschool educational organizations
Authors: Naumenko M.V. , Zholudeva S.V. , Ulybysheva I.N.
Published: December 2020

This article addresses phenomenon of emotional burnout. Analyzing the origin of this term, the main approaches to analysis of emotional burnout specificity are described including different symptoms and phases. The problem of value of emotional burnout syndrome of pedagogical workers of state and commercial preschool educational organizations of different types is determined. The results of the research on identification of emotional burnout of pedagogical workers of state and commercial preschool educational organizations specificity, are described. The research is implemented on the sample of survey respondents up to 50 persons using such methods as a questionnaire “Professional (emotional) burnout” (MBI) (K. Maslatch and S. Jackson in adaptation of N.E. Vodopyanova); “Diagnostics of personal emotional burnout” (V.V. Boyko). The conclusions according the existence of distinctions in stages and symptoms of emotional burnout syndrome of pedagogical workers of preschool educational organizations of different types and the importance of the research specificity in appearance of this phenomenon are formulated in order to find the most appropriate preventive and control measures in the sphere of emotional burnout.
Teacher’s professional image: reimagining the future
Authors: Samoylenko N.B. , Zharko L.N. , Georgiadi A.A.
Published: December 2020

In this research, the authors aim to determine the teachers’ professional image in the present-day context. The issues of teachers’ new role, new image and professional conditions are analyzed with regard to the reforms and commercialization of higher education as the most common trends. The paper examines the data of the survey which was conducted on the basis of written questionnaire designed to investigate the university teachers’ readiness to work in the new conditions, their readiness to innovation, the factors constraining innovation in the sphere of higher education in the context of its commercialization. The research carries value to education policymakers and university authorities. They can use these findings to reflect on regulations that would ensure favorable academic environment and increase the brand image of their staff.
Efficiency of gaming technology in the process of foreign language acquisition
Authors: Smolovik O.V. , Kushnyr M.A. , Shobonova L.Yu.
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the study of the gaming technology in teaching a foreign language to primary school children and its influence on their motivation. Nowadays it is relevant to start mastering a foreign language at primary school. The article presents the psychological and pedagogical characteristics of primary school children, emphasizes the importance of academic motivation, reveals the peculiarities of the gaming technology, gives examples of its practical application and shows the results of the experimental research identifying the impact of this method on the level of young learners’ motivation. The purpose of the article is to study the influence of practical application of the gaming technology on primary school children’s motivation in the process of the foreign language acquisition. The methodology of the study is a theoretical analysis of psychological research, empirical research methods, qualitative and quantitative analysis of empirical data. The results show that the use of the gaming technology increases academic motivation of primary school children.
Influence of involuntary automated motor activity upon voluntary attention and memory
Authors: Brunner Eugene , Mokrentsov Denis
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the changes and interaction of different attention and memory parameters under the influence of involuntary (automated) motor activity. Methodology. To simulate automated motor activity, we used chewing gum. To study attention, we used proofreading. We also tested short-term, long-term and working memory. 66 people at the age from 17 to 24 took part in the research. Conclusions. The conclusion is that automatic motor activity leads to considerable increase of attention and memory. This is expressed in the significant increase in the values of just about all the studied parameters, the change in the structure and strength of correlation relationships, and also (according to the cluster analysis) in the restructuring of the hierarchy of the information processing. The possible mechanisms of the phenomena under observation are discussed.
Diagnostics of future preschool educators research skills development
Authors: Vezetiu E.V. , Vovk E.V. , Martynyuk O.B.
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the process of diagnostics of future preschool educators’ research skills development. The need to develop a system of diagnostics of future preschool educators’ research skills development is justified by the need to develop students ’ components of research competence specified in the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education (FSES HE). The system of activity of the modern teacher of preschool education involves not only implementation of education and training of children, but also organization and conduct of research activities with pupils, elementary preparation of preschoolers for implementation of the analyzed activities in the future which justifies the need for diagnostics of future personnel educators’ research skills development in the process of their professional training in high school. The success of analyzed skills of future teachers’ development cannot be determined without diagnostic operations to identify the level of specialists’ research competence development. Thus, the purpose of this study is to solve the problem of criteria and indicators; determination the levels of research skills and their characteristics development. The aim of the research is realized by applying methods of pedagogical diagnostics, analysis and generalization. Practical and theoretical novelty of the study is justified by the fact that in its course, methods of selection and compilation of diagnostic tools, principles of implemented diagnostic operations and pedagogical conditions for their implementation are determined and a universal algorithm of actions for the use of diagnostic tools is developed. It allows determining the objective level of diagnostics of future preschool educators’ research skills development in order to imperfect it by adjusting and improving the whole methodological system. The results of the study allowed justifying the effectiveness of the developed system of pedagogical diagnostics which allows using it in future in determining diagnostics of future preschool educators’ research skills development.
Practice-oriented technologies as a means of forming communicative competences of students
Authors: Ametova E.K. , Sukhodolova E.M. , Teslenko O.V.
Published: December 2020

This research is devoted to the consideration and study of the system of practice-oriented technologies as the main tools for the formation of communicative competencies of modern university students. The essence and specificity of both practice-oriented technologies and communicative competencies are considered, which allows to carry out the most complete and objective analysis of this topic in future. The object of the research is precisely in the specifics of the formation of such competencies, which is complicated by the current problems in the field of professional training of students. The role of individual elements of practice-oriented technologies in the system of forming of the professional culture of modern specialists is comprehended and actualized. In the course of the study, the authors identified the key method that laid the foundation for this work, namely the questionnaire method. The topic of the survey was to identify the role of practice-oriented technologies as key means of forming the communicative competencies of modern students. The respondents were the teaching staff of several leading universities of the Republic of Crimea. In our opinion, the results of such a questionnaire and of this study as a whole can serve as an important foundation for further research on this topic, since they are fully reflected in the form of a comprehensive conclusion, which is based primarily on the analytical and reflective activities of modern teachers. The results of the study can be found in the final part of it.
Formation of digital competencies of future life safety teachers
Authors: Safonova Viktoria , Lutovina Ekaterina , Korneva Irina
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the actual problems of the formation of future teachers’ digital competencies, which are an important aspect of professional success. The positive aspects of education digitalization are shown. The task of improving the process of developing digital competencies of future teachers studying in the profiles of Life Safety and Physical Education is being solved. The formation of future teachers’ digital competencies of the life safety basics is considered from the standpoint of a metasubject approach. It is shown that the formation of digital competencies of future life safety teachers is a process of purposeful pedagogical influence on a student in order to develop a set of skills, abilities and knowledge that allows using digital technologies effectively to solve professional problems at all levels of education. The conditions for the formation of digital competencies are determined. The formation of the components of digital competence among practicing teachers of life safety is considered. It is shown that the formation of digital competencies of future life safety teachers is possible implementing specialized disciplines, educational and industrial practices that include the organization of pedagogical activities in a digital environment from the standpoint of health preservation, creating a comfortable educational environment.
Variants of knowledge control in the distance learning system of a university
Authors: Gluzman N.A. , Kolesnik N.T. , Mysin O.I.
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the study of the distance learning system in the context of a modern university, aimed at the formation of a highly qualified personnel potential of the country. Particular attention is paid to consideration of the essence and specifics of distance learning, its separately taken technologies and resources. The system of monitoring the students’ knowledge has become the key object of the study, in the context of remote supplying the specialists of different levels and directions with professional training. The role of distance technologies in the process of regular quality control of students’ knowledge is comprehended and actualized, the main theses regarding the variants of control are revealed. The questionnaire method was defined as the main method of research, which was carried out in the conditions of the leading university of the Republic of Crimea - V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. The subject of the questionnaire was to identify the role of distance technologies in the knowledge control system, as well as to determine the most effective options for such control in a modern university. The respondents were the teaching staff of the University of various areas of training, degrees, forms and levels of education. The results of the study can be found in the final part of it.
The system of development of the methodological-mathematical competence within future mathematics teachers to be (theoretical-methodological aspect)
Authors: Ovchinnikova Marina , Linnik Elena , Shilova Lyubov
Published: December 2020

The strategic guidelines in determining the theoretical and methodological principles of the system for the development of the methodological and mathematical competence of future Mathematics teachers is the implementation of the personality-oriented paradigm of education; creation of conditions for subject-subject interaction of participants in the pedagogical process; compliance with the provisions of the systemic, personality-active, integration-technological and competence approaches, the optimal combination of traditions and trends in the development of methods of mathematical education within the modeling of the content, forms and methods of organizing of the educational process. The main principles are highlighted – feasibility, integration, functional completeness, continuity, professional and pedagogical orientation, on which the pedagogical conditions for ensuring the effectiveness of the development of methodological and mathematical competence of a future teacher of mathematics are based. The use of the listed theoretical foundations in the professional training of future mathematics teachers has confirmed the effectiveness of the developed model.
Conceptual model of the national pedagogical university education
Authors: Gluzman Aleksandr , Gorbunova Nataliia , Gluzman Alina
Published: December 2020

The article substantiates a conceptual model of pedagogical university education, which is relevant due to socio-economic phenomena occurring in society. The creation of a systemic concept of pedagogical university education provides an opportunity for the development and implementation of technologies for specialists’ professional and pedagogical training at the university.
Building a practice-oriented model of pre-service teacher education
Authors: Pavlova Oksana , Chirkova Natalia , Burlakova Irina
Published: December 2020

The article analyses modern trends in the university graduates’ training based on a practice-oriented approach, which is interpreted as training focused on the specifics of solving pedagogical problems that arise in real practice. The world experience of practice-oriented educational practice aimed at the formation of a creative, thinking teacher is analysed. The author’s three-segment practice-oriented model of teacher training has been developed. The structural components of the model and the links between them are described: principles of model building (practice-oriented orientation, principles of flexibility, validity, compliance and integrativity); system-forming subjects (professional community, university and school); blocks (target, factorial, theoretical-methodological, content-technological, effective). The peculiarity of the visual image of the constructed model (fractal) is that each separate segment of the system retains the properties of the entire system, which means that at each level, target guidelines are preserved and the basic requirements for the preparation process are consistent with each other.
Teacher requirements in the new educational paradigm
Authors: Savotina N.A. , Reimer M.V. , Kyvyrzhik A.S.
Published: December 2020

This article presents a professional portrait of a history teacher of a secondary school, based on the requirements of state standards for the level of professional competence of the teacher. According to the results of our research, the content components of the professional portrait were such indicators as motivation, attitude to innovative technologies, level of professional training, personal pedagogical qualities, level of pedagogical tolerance and empathy.
Professionalism of activity: acmeological aspect
Authors: Korshunova Irina , Pinaev Sergey , Tsaregorodtseva Svetlana
Published: December 2020

Modern competition between states is entering the field of education. Education is fundamental, whose professional specialists have knowledge of its development at the domestic level and on a global scale, theory, technologies, methods of measuring the productivity of educational activities of the main participants in the educational process: leaders, pedagogues and students. The scientific and pedagogical competence of the pedagogue provides the professionalism of his activity and also includes new types of professional literacy with acmeological as a key point. To master professional pedagogical skills, it is essential to rely on the acmeological model of continuous pedagogical education. They authors give statistics of the USA educational institutions and hypothesizes that an acme-oriented teacher is a teacher with professional longevity in pedagogy.
Implementation of the psychosemantic method “color-associative experiment” in psychological counseling of students
Authors: Kucherenko Svitlana , Pavliuk Tatiana
Published: December 2020

The article presents an example of personality research with the help of the author’s psychosemantic technique “Color-associative experiment”, which is a combination of the method of free associations by C.G. Jung and the eight-color subtest by M. Lusher. In qualitative and quantitative data processing and interpretation, free and axial coding techniques are used, thanks to which the psychologist can get a complete impression of the current state of the respondent. These two projective techniques of grounded theory are the reason we can formulate now grounded psychodiagnostic conclusions in a consulting process. In the described examples of implementing the “Color-associative experiment” method, both respondents (a first-year master’s student and a final-year bachelor’s student) are characterized as a neurotic personality with an overestimation (or super-value) of the desire to achieve success.
Modern digital technologies in the professional-oriented multicultural education
Authors: Kabanov Alexander , Savelyeva Nelly , Nevraeva Natalie , Gnatyshina Elena , Pinchukova Oksana
Published: December 2020

In modern reality, when economic, trade, scientific and cultural ties are rapidly developing in the world, exchanges are being carried out in the scientific and technical fields, knowledge of a foreign language becomes a priority for specialists of almost all levels. The very concept of a “foreign language” is increasingly being replaced by a “language of communication” in various fields of culture, science and technology. There are many different languages in the world, and even more dialects. But the trends are such that for most people knowledge of one common language is enough. And this language does not have to be native to the interlocutors. A common language is able to unite different peoples and cultures, even absolutely opposite, into one common cause. In addition to strengthening cultural ties, the language brings together experts in science and technology. At the same time, the authors acknowledge the lack of research in modern pedagogical science devoted to identifying the potential of information and communication technologies in the process of professional foreign language training of future specialists that meet the requirements of the Russian state and society, imposed on modern specialists of different profiles, reflected in national and international documents.
Project-oriented system of professional training of university teachers
Authors: Turchina L.A. , Romaeva N.B. , Abbasova L.I.
Published: December 2020

The article examines the complex structure of such a complicated educational segment as the system of advanced training for teachers of a modern university. The place and role of such a system in the structure of professional culture and the formation of a specialist’s professionalism is determined. The key problems and crisis points that exist within the framework of this object are identified. At the same time, the main mechanisms for improving and modernizing of the system of improving pedagogical qualifications are identified, the most important of which is the project-oriented training. Within the framework of this definition, the essence and specificity of the project-oriented approach in general and in relation to the system of advanced training of a modern teacher in particular are determined. The main criteria, based on which these systems cross and complement each other, are highlighted. The study performs a theoretical and practical potential that can replenish the existing pedagogical scientific base, and also enters a new stage of theoretical understanding of the problem of improving the professional qualifications of university teachers. This article is based on both theoretical and practical foundations, expressed in the form of an analysis of authoritative scientific sources and in the results of the survey. At the same time, the questionnaire has become a key research method, since it included a survey of more than 200 teachers undergoing regular training in advanced training systems, due to which this work raises new questions necessary for a comprehensive intensification of educational processes in this direction. This method is one of the most effective and promising methods of scientific research.
The problem of digital transformation of Russian universities
Authors: Savelyeva Nelly , Nevraeva Natalie , Kabanov Alexander , Bystrai Elena , Raisvikh Yuliya , Shtykova Tatyana
Published: December 2020

There are numerous disputes and discussions about the need to introduce online learning technologies into the educational process of the university. However, the welcoming examples of individual educational institutions should not give rise to the illusion of complete and widespread prosperity. In many Russian universities, the situation with the introduction of new teaching aids is, to put it mildly, difficult both in terms of the availability of an organizational strategy and in terms of cultural changes. The article attempts to characterize the situation with online education in universities based on an analysis of the expectations of students who seem ready to move to digital, and the decisions of the Bologna process, requiring the introduction of online components in the educational process of universities. In addition, the authors of the article provide an overview of the initial attempts to introduce online learning into the educational process of universities in a particular region, taking into account the systematic and psychological difficulties that have arisen. As the best option, the authors propose a combination of online education with a research component in order to preserve the university’s status as a center of science and education.
Inclusive education and its place in the interactive information space
Authors: Shevchenko Andrey , Beglaryan Margarita , Pichkurenko Elena
Published: December 2020

The significance of the research is determined by the evolution of social structure of the society as a response to the challenges of our time, to the IT development process and the transition to a new formation ‒ information society. The information society provides particular individuals with a wide range of opportunities for personal development and inclusion into the socio-communicative environment. People with disabilities get a chance to be included into general process of knowledge acquiring. The innovation of the approach consists in the comprehension of inclusive education in a social and philosophical vein. The goal of the article is the estimation of the opportunities and the relevance of such approach for the society and the youth. The global scale of isolation of people as a way of defense against the virus makes our research more relevant, since now many are forced to receive educational services only via the Internet, using remote methods, when the inclusion of people with developmental disabilities in this process becomes even more natural and organic.
Short-term load forecasting based on hybrid strategy using warm-start gradient tree boosting
Authors: Zhang Yuexin , Wang Jiahong
Published: December 2020

A deep-learning-based hybrid strategy for short-term load forecasting is presented. The strategy proposes a novel tree-based ensemble method warm-start gradient tree boosting (WGTB). Current strategies either ensemble submodels of a single type, which fail to take advantage of the statistical strengths of different inference models, or simply sum the outputs from completely different inference models, which does not maximize the potential of the ensemble. Inspired by the bias-variance trade-off, WGTB is proposed and tailored to the great disparity among different inference models on accuracy, volatility, and linearity. The complete strategy integrates four different inference models of different capacities. WGTB, then, ensembles their outputs by a warm-start and a hybrid of bagging and boosting, which lowers bias and variance concurrently. It is validated on two real datasets from the State Grid Corporation of China of hourly resolution. The result demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed strategy that hybridizes the statistical strengths of both low-bias and low-variance inference models.
Enhanced spin–orbit torque switching in perpendicular multilayers via interfacial oxygen tunability
Authors: Zhang J. Y. , Dou P. W. , Peng W. L. , Qi J. , Liu J. Q. , Liu R. Y. , Zheng X. Q. , Wu Y. F. , Lyu H. C. , Zhao Y. C. , Zhu Z. Z. , You C. Y. , Kohn A. , Wang S. G.
Published: December 2020

Spin–orbit torque (SOT) offers a promising pathway to electrically manipulate magnetization in perpendicular multilayers, but the ultrahigh current density required for SOT switching limits its applications. Here, we report that field-free SOT switching is achieved in perpendicular Ta/CoFeB/MgO multilayers by inserting ultrathin Mg or Hf layers. A critical current density of 1.18 × 107 A/cm2 is obtained in Ta/CoFeB/Mg(0.1 nm)/MgO multilayers for field-free SOT switching, which is 42% lower than that in the Ta/CoFeB/MgO sample. The results demonstrate that the enhanced SOT switching efficiency is determined by a modified Rashba interface induced by interfacial orbital hybridization due to the presence of an ultrathin inserted layer. Furthermore, SOT exhibits a significant dependence on the interfacial structure, especially the interfacial oxygen content. Our findings provide an effective insight into the interfacial manipulation of SOT-based spintronic devices.
Hydrodynamics rheological impact of an oscillatory electroosmotic flow on a mass transfer process in a microcapillary with a reversible wall reaction
Authors: Mederos G. , Arcos J. , Bautista O. , Méndez F.
Published: December 2020

In this work, we carry out a theoretical analysis of the mass transport rate through a long microcapillary, with a reactive wall, connecting two reservoirs with different concentrations of some electro-neutral solute, caused by an oscillatory electroosmotic flow of a Jeffreys fluid. The mass transport enhancement relative to that caused only by molecular diffusion is found to be a function of the following dimensionless parameters: the angular Reynolds number Rω; the Deborah numbers De1 and De2, associated with the relaxation and retardation times, respectively; the Schmidt number Sc; the Damköhler number Da; the partition number σ̃; the tidal displacement ΔZ; and the ratio between the radius of the microcapillary and the Debye length κ̃. We find that for a viscoelastic fluid, there exists a resonant behavior of the mass transfer rate when the angular Reynolds number assumes specific values. In this context, we evidence that the interaction between the fluid elasticity and the oscillatory character of the flow enhances the mass transfer rate up to several orders of magnitude compared with that caused by an oscillatory electroosmotic flow of a Newtonian fluid. We also found that the microcapillary wall’s reactive characteristics, manifested through the Damköhler number and the dimensionless partitioning coefficient, could enhance or diminish the mass transfer rate depending on the interplay of the other dimensionless parameters involved in the analysis.
X-ray detection by direct modulation of losses in a laser cavity
Authors: Chiossi F. , Braggio C. , Aresti M. , Carugno G. , Quochi F. , Lai A. , Pirzio F. , Vasiukov S.
Published: December 2020

In this work, we experimentally explore the possibility to realize a sensor whose basic building block is a laser cavity that hosts a target crystal for the incident ionizing radiation. Two possible detection mechanisms are considered: a process of coherent scintillation related to the rapid decay via stimulated emission of the excited atomic or molecular levels of the target material and the activation of states that absorb intracavity photons. We use a solid-state laser to study the dynamic response of our prototype sensor and the related intrinsic limitations and demonstrate capability to detect x-ray energy down to 10 GeV.
Temperature dependent domain-wall moving dynamics of lithium niobate during high electric field periodic poling
Authors: Liu Qilu , Wang Fulei , Wang Dongzhou , Sun Dehui , Sang Yuanhua , Liu Hong
Published: December 2020

Periodically poled lithium niobate is a widely used material for nonlinear optical frequency conversion by means of quasi-phase matching. Herein, the poling process with the temperature varying from 140 °C to 190 °C is studied. The required polarization voltage to inverse spontaneous polarization and domain distribution are highly related to the temperature variation, which is assigned to the coercive field change. The obtained domain duty cycle shows that the reduction of the coercive field benefits the control of the domain motion in both the horizontal and vertical directions. The finite element analysis of the applied electric field reveals that nucleation plays a crucial role in the periodic poling process. This work provides a strategy for the control of the domain duty cycle by reducing the coercive field of LiNbO3 crystals.
First-principles investigation of carbon dioxide adsorption on MN4 doped graphene
Authors: Cai Yuan , Luo Xuan
Published: December 2020

We predict the CO2 gas molecule absorption and sensing performance of transitional MN4 (M = Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) doped graphene by a systematic first-principles investigation based on density functional theory. Our results demonstrate that graphene doped with different transition metals, MN4, produce similar adsorption behaviors and electronic structures of carbon dioxide. We discovered that the TiN4 doped 4 × 4 graphene sheet (CO2/TiN4 G) is the most suitable candidate for carbon dioxide gas sensors. CO2/TiN4 G shows the strongest adsorption capability and the highest charge transfer between the TiN4 doped graphene sheet and carbon dioxide molecules for all the calculated systems. We conclude that TiN4 G can be designed for efficient CO2 gas sensors.
Effect of material ratio on the performances in 3D cement printing and its optimization
Authors: Gu Hai , Sun Jianhua , Zhang Jie , Xu Yuanyuan , Li Bin , Wu Weiwei
Published: December 2020

The material ratio has an important effect on printing performances for 3D cement printing technology, which is studied by uniform design in this paper. The factors required to be taken into account are the proportions of the additives; then, the observed indices are flow properties, geometric distortion, and mechanical properties. By nonlinear regression analysis, relation equations between the above factors and the observed indices are established, which will reveal the main effect and interaction of the factor(s) in detail. Furthermore, the equations can approximately predict printing performances in the future. Finally, the ratio is optimized by multi-objective optimization. The optimal ratio is applied to both experiments and regression equations for comparison afterward. The experimental results show that the optimal ratio can contribute to superior printing performances. The relative error is limited to 16%, which can prove the applicability of regression analysis. The complete process can guide similar research in the future.
Directivity of acoustic field generated by leapfrogging vortices
Authors: Feng Feng , Meng Xiannan , Guo Li , Wang Qiang
Published: December 2020

Directivity of the acoustic field of leapfrogging vortices is investigated in the present paper toward the goal to gain insights into sound propagation of free vortical flows and uncover the fundamental physics of aeroacoustics. To this end, frequency-domain Lighthill’s acoustic analogy is derived and validated quantitatively. It is sufficient to account for the Doppler effect and investigate the acoustic directivity. Our study finds that the mean flow causes the convection of the propagation of the sound waves and variation of the magnitude of the acoustic pressure. The magnitude of the rms (root-mean-square) pressure fluctuation is equal to that of the acoustic pressure without the mean flow multiplied by the negative square of Doppler’s factor. Furthermore, based on the spatial decomposition approach of acoustic sources, the noise radiated from leapfrogging vortices results from the linear superposition of the acoustic fields generated by the upper and lower vortex pairs alone. The superdirectivity of sound originates from the interference of the acoustic sources. The present findings and approaches are promising to provide a framework to study more complex flows.
Improved detached-eddy simulation of the turbulent unsteady flow past a square cylinder
Authors: Hong Feng , Xue Huancheng , Zhang Binhang
Published: December 2020

The separated turbulent flow past a square cylinder mounted centrally inside a plane channel has been numerically investigated in this work. A three-dimensional paradigmatic calculation was carried out to capture the essence of flow parameters through different detached-eddy simulations (DESs). The predictions were performed based on the original DES, delayed DES, and one modified DES (MDES). First, MDES closure was validated by comparing the simulation results with the experimental data of separated flow through a U-turn duct, thereafter commencing the predictions of the flow past a square cylinder. The comparisons between the numerical and available experimental results show that the MDES has better capability than the DES to capture the characteristics of global variables including the Strouhal number, mean drag and lift coefficients, and their standard deviations for the square cylinder case. Furthermore, a detailed quantitative comparison in terms of the time-averaged velocity profiles at specified locations reveals that MDES could be more reasonable and has better fidelity than the other two models. A good match among the contours of eddy viscosity, Q-criterion, and turbulent kinetic energy shows that MDES has correctly reproduced the turbulent production in the wake flow. The main significance of this study is that it demonstrates the potential of a modified DES closure to investigate the unsteady dynamics in the wake flow past a square cylinder and expected to make sense for other wake flows of engineering interest.
Vertical two-dimensional layered conjugated porous organic network structures of poly-benzimidazobenzophenanthroline (BBL): A first-principles study
Authors: Bafekry A. , Fadlallah M. M. , Nguyen C. , Gogova D.
Published: December 2020

Very recently, the 2D form of poly-benzimidazobenzophenanthroline (BBL) structures has been successfully fabricated [Noh et al., Nat. Commun. 369, 670 (2020)]. Motivated by these exciting experimental results on 2D layered BBL structures, herein we perform density functional theory-based first-principles calculations in order to gain insight into the structural, electronic, and optical properties of the BBL monolayer and bilayer honeycomb crystal structures (planar and vertical). Our computational structural optimization reveals that the BBL monolayer crystallizes in a puckered, anisotropic hexagonal structure, while the BBL bilayer is composed of covalently bonded shifted one with respect to the other BBL layers. Two terminations with hydrogen and fluorine atoms are considered for the BBL bilayer, namely, H-BBL and F-BBL, respectively. The direct bandgaps of H-BBLs and F-BBLs are ∼ 1 eV and ∼ 1.2 eV. The top of the valence band and the bottom of the conduction band are flat due to the localized carbon states. The BBL monolayer and bilayer can absorb a wide range of visible light. The calculated refractive index of the BBL monolayer is ∼ 1, i.e., it is smaller than the refractive index of the common natural or synthetic polymers.
Cytological abnormalities during pollen development in interspecific hybrids of Nicotiana
Authors: Liao Jugou , Zhang Jingwen , Wei Xuemei , Niu Yongzhi , Suo Wenlong , Zheng Yunye , Ma Wenguang , Chen Suiyun
Published: December 2020

Nicotiana alata is resistant to Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and of great value in breeding. However, hybrid sterility constrains the application of interspecific genetic resources. Previously, we obtained interspecific hybrids between a cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) line of Nicotiana tabacum and N. alata, some of which were pollen sterile. In the present research, we studied the cytological abnormalities during pollen development in sterile hybrids (F1-D) by comparing pollen development with that in fertile hybrids (F1-S) from the same cross. Transmission electron microscopy and DiI staining showed that the membrane structures of microspores and pollen in F1-D sterile hybrids were impaired. Carbol fuchsin staining revealed that cytomixis, chromosome loss and asymmetric callose wall formation occurred with high frequency in the microsporocytes and microspores of the sterile hybrids. The cytoplasm and nucleus were lost in the microspores and pollen of sterile hybrids, leading to mature pollen grains that were vacuous and collapsed in the aperture region. In addition, delayed tapetum degradation was detected in the anther of sterile hybrids, and sporopollenin was deposited in the aperture region. Impaired membrane structures of microspores and pollen in F1-D sterile hybrids affected the integrity of the cells, and might be associated with chromosome, nuclear and cytoplasm loss, vacuous pollen, and sterility in F1-D hybrids. Abnormal tapetum degradation in the anther and irregular sporopollenin deposition in the pollen wall of the F1-D sterile hybrids might also be related to the pollen sterility. This study deepens our understanding of the cytological mechanisms of hybrid sterility, and may facilitate the application of TSWV-resistant resources in cultivated Nicotiana species through hybrid fertility restoration and backcross breeding.
MicroED structure of lipid-embedded mammalian mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel
Authors: Martynowycz Michael W. , Khan Farha , Hattne Johan , Abramson Jeff , Gonen Tamir
Published: December 2020

Significance

Microcrystal electron diffraction (MicroED) is an electron cryo-microscopy (cryoEM) method for determining structures using submicron crystals. Until now, determining structures of membrane proteins by MicroED required that the protein crystals be in a solution amenable to standard cryoEM blotting and vitrification protocols. Here, we show that membrane protein microcrystals grown in a viscous bicelle mixture can become amenable to MicroED analyses by using modified blotting procedures combined with focused ion-beam milling. Our findings provide a basis for solving membrane protein structures using crystals embedded in a viscous media by MicroED.
Interpretation of focus in Haitian Creole
se-clefts
Authors: Walker-Cecil Kezia , Destruel Johnson Emilie
Published: December 2020

While past literature on Haitian Creole focus
structures primarily concentrates on predicate clefts (see DeGraff, 1995; Glaude & Zribi-Hertz,
2012; Harbour,
2008; Lefebvre,
1990), few authors use empirical data to justify proposed
interpretations of clefts. In this paper, we empirically test which
interpretations are available in se-clefts,
expanding on previous work on clefts in Haitian Creole and other
languages. Our first experiment investigates the influence of
predicate gradability (Harbour,
2008) and syntactic structure (Glaude & Zribi-Hertz, 2012) on
predicate cleft interpretation, using a felicity judgment task.
Prior work on Haitian se-clefts has not discussed
the exhaustive inference, an inference conveyed in similar clefts
cross-linguistically (see Destruel et al., 2015; Horn, 1981). Our second experiment examines
the exhaustivity inference in both predicate and nominal
se-clefts, comparing Haitian speakers’
judgments to results from similar clefts in other languages,
particularly French, via a forced-choice task adapted from Onea and Beaver (2011).
Me gohtaba ehta linguaji barranquenha
Authors: Garrett Jordan
Published: December 2020

The villa of Barrancos, Portugal, has a
multilingual population that in addition to European Portuguese and
Spanish also speaks an autochthonous contact variety, Barranquenho.
Previous research on several phonological and morphosyntactic
properties suggest Barranquenho is a mixed language albeit not a
prototypical one. The current study analyzes 895 tokens of object
clitics taken from a corpus of 20 native-speaker interviews and
examines their placement, morphology and distribution in specific
constructions. Results suggest that Barranquenho speakers possess a
mixed clitic system containing both Spanish and Portuguese-like
properties. The data also suggest a more Spanish-like placement
pattern; one that is sensitive to finiteness rather than the
presence/absence of various operators or morphophonological (PF)
restrictions when interpreted in light of current approaches to the
syntax of clitics. Moreover, this study has implications for
existing typological models of contact varieties and point to future
research regarding the application of syntactic models to these
approaches.
Donepezil and Cognitive Remediation Therapy to Augment Treatment of Alcohol use Disorder Related Mild Cognitive Impairment (AUD-MCI): An Open Label Pilot Study with Historical Controls
Authors: Bell Morris D. , Pittman Brian , Petrakis Ismene , Yoon Gihyun
Published: December 2020

Background

Pharmacological and psychosocial interventions have only modest efficacy for Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD), and continued alcohol use has brain effects on neurocognition, which place heavy drinkers at increased risk of early onset dementia. The most common neurocognitive deficits are in the domains of executive function and memory, and these deficits may impact AUD treatment outcomes. AUD related Mild Cognitive Impairment (AUD-MCI) is a diagnosis in DSM-V and ICD-10. Donepezil, a cholinesterase inhibitor, is currently FDA approved for treatment of dementia, and recent preclinical research suggests anticholinesterase agents may treat alcoholism. Another approach to cognitive recovery is Cognitive Remediation Therapy (CRT). Recent research supports CRT efficacy in schizophrenia and related disorders, and some research suggests that CRT could improve neurocognition in substance abuse disorders (SUDs). This is the first report of an open-label clinical trial that combined donepezil with CRT to improve neurocognitive and clinical outcomes in the early phase of AUD recovery.

Methods

Eleven older male US Veterans with AUD-MCI as determined by Level II neurocognitive criteria and who had recently relapsed participated in an open-label trial of 13 weeks of donepezil combined with CRT. They were compared with matched historical control samples on neurocognitive and clinical outcomes.

Results

Participants had excellent adherence to donepezil and CRT. Neurocognitive improvements were highly significant on a composite score of learning and memory and executive function measures ( p < .0001) and was significantly better than historical matched controls ( p < .001). On a Clinical Global Impression scale, 90.9% of participants had a good clinical recovery compared with 59.5% of historical matched controls ( p <.052).

Conclusions

AUD-MCI has not received much research attention but is of considerable public health importance. Findings in this open-label trial of donepezil + CRT should encourage further investigation into the clinical benefit of this combined treatment for AUD-MCI.
Recovery Opioid Overdose Team (ROOT) Pilot Program Evaluation: A Community-Wide Post-Overdose Response Strategy
Authors: Dahlem Chin Hwa (Gina) , Scalera Marci , Anderson Glynis , Tasker Melisa , Ploutz-Snyder Robert , McCabe Sean Esteban , Boyd Carol J.
Published: December 2020

Background

Effective interventions for overdose survivors are needed in the emergency departments (EDs). One promising model is the use of peer recovery coaches to engage with survivors in EDs, followed by partnering with community case management navigators to connect survivors to recovery support and treatment services. This paper describes the evaluation of a pilot program, the Recovery Opioid Overdose Team (ROOT), a warm hand-off system that links survivors to treatment services post-ED discharge.

Methods

The ROOT program is composed of a peer recovery coach who is in long-term recovery, and a case management navigator who specializes in mental health care and provides guidance for accessing community services. After an overdose reversal, law enforcement contacts a county 24/7 Crisis Team, who then notifies ROOT. The peer recovery coach engages with the survivor in the ED, and then follow up continues with the case management navigator and the peer recovery coach for up to 90 days post-ED discharge. Retrospective chart reviews were conducted to evaluate ROOT in two Midwest EDs from September 2017 through March 2019.

Results

Of the 122 referrals, 77.0% ( n = 94) of the survivors initially engaged with ROOT in the ED or in the community. The remaining 23.0% ( n = 28) left the ED against medical advice or were unengaged. The majority of overdose survivors were male (63.9%; n = 78), White (43.4%; n = 53), had housing (80.2%; n = 48), and access to transportation (48.4%; n = 59). From the 122 referrals, 33.6% ( n = 41) received ongoing treatment services ( n = 20 outpatient, n = 17 residential, n = 2 detoxification facility, n = 1 recovery housing, n = 1 medication treatment for opioid use disorder), 2.5% ( n = 3) were incarcerated, 2.5% ( n = 3) died, and 61.5% ( n = 75) declined services.

Conclusions

The ROOT, a community-wide coordinated program in the EDs, shows promise in linking overdose survivors to recovery support and treatment services post-overdose.
Binding and transport of SFPQ-RNA granules by KIF5A/KLC1 motors promotes axon survival
Authors: Fukuda Yusuke , Pazyra-Murphy Maria F. , Silagi Elizabeth S. , Tasdemir-Yilmaz Ozge E. , Li Yihang , Rose Lillian , Yeoh Zoe C. , Vangos Nicholas E. , Geffken Ezekiel A. , Seo Hyuk-Soo , Adelmant Guillaume , Bird Gregory H. , Walensky Loren D. , Marto Jarrod A. , Dhe-Paganon Sirano , Segal Rosalind A.
Published: December 2020

Complex neural circuitry requires stable connections formed by lengthy axons. To maintain these functional circuits, fast transport delivers RNAs to distal axons where they undergo local translation. However, the mechanism that enables long-distance transport of RNA granules is not yet understood. Here, we demonstrate that a complex containing RNA and the RNA-binding protein (RBP) SFPQ interacts selectively with a tetrameric kinesin containing the adaptor KLC1 and the motor KIF5A. We show that the binding of SFPQ to the KIF5A/KLC1 motor complex is required for axon survival and is impacted by KIF5A mutations that cause Charcot-Marie Tooth (CMT) disease. Moreover, therapeutic approaches that bypass the need for local translation of SFPQ-bound proteins prevent axon degeneration in CMT models. Collectively, these observations indicate that KIF5A-mediated SFPQ-RNA granule transport may be a key function disrupted in KIF5A-linked neurologic diseases and that replacing axonally translated proteins serves as a therapeutic approach to axonal degenerative disorders.