bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Micro-Foundations of Corporate Sustainability
Authors: Balarezo Remy , Corcuera Paul
Published: December 2023

This chapter introduces readers to the micro-foundation framework in corporate sustainability. Traditionally, strategic management and corporate sustainability research have explained why firms become more sustainable from a macro-level perspective. In recent years, new research has focused on the micro-level mechanism at the individual or group level. This research stream is known as the micro-foundations movement and tries to highlight individual characteristics, knowledge, background, etc. when firms decide to become more sustainable. Through the literature review, the authors tried to identify the studies published in top journals about the micro-foundation framework. Therefore, the aim of this chapter is to give a primary introduction and an overview of the micro-foundations framework in corporate sustainability and identify what mechanisms have been found at the micro-level that explain why firms become more sustainable.
Organizational Culture, Climate, and Workplace Deviance
Authors: Mehra Srishty
Published: December 2023

In this chapter, how the organizational climate and culture is being affected by the workplace deviance will be explained with the help of getting insights into the factors that actually contribute towards workplace deviance in an organization. As it is observed from the previous studies, workplace deviance has started exploiting almost all types of the organizations, embracing a wide range of institutions in this tech-savvy era. That day is not too far when it will become a big threat for the organizations to overcome this issue of workplace deviance just like other serious issues. Shifting in the mindsets to individualism and becoming more self-driven, employees are preferring to keep their personal interest first as compared to the organizational interest.
Research on Corporate Sustainability
Authors: Cetintas H. Buluthan
Published: December 2023

Corporate sustainability (CS) has many advantages such as enhancing brand value, providing reputation, and also focuses on gaining the trust of stakeholders. This is a qualitative exploratory study; its goal is to understand how CS research has changed over time. The most cited articles were selected from the journals indexed in SSCI (2000-2019). One hundred and two articles were selected and analyzed by content analysis method. Nature of typical samples, major themes, and research methods used were sought to investigate in CS research. Results showed that there was some scarcity in studies choosing a particular country as a sample. There were no articles in areas important for sustainability research. Besides, index types are barely used in articles. Some subject areas have attracted attention for years and haven't lost their popularity, but some remained in the background. The most used method was content analysis.
Social Entrepreneurship, Value Creation, and Sustainability
Authors: Syed Raihan Taqui , Singh Dharmendra , Spicer David Philip
Published: December 2023

This chapter presents an in-depth examination and analysis of published literature indexed in Scopus database on social entrepreneurship, sustainability, and value creation. A descriptive bibliometric analysis coupled with content analysis is presented incorporating citations included in Scopus' multi-disciplinary database over the last 20 years. Two software packages, VOS Viewer and Bibliometrix R, were employed to probe the research questions and create visualizations of the bibliometric networks. The interconnected and multifaceted nature of the research field is demonstrated, thematic evolution is illustrated, and emerging clusters are identified. Findings suggest that the research on social entrepreneurship, sustainability, and value creation has been pioneered by USA followed by India and other countries. Also, further steps need to be undertaken to encourage and enable cross-border international collaboration to draw learning together from different national and regional contexts.
The Impact of Triple Bottom Line on Sustainable Product Innovation
Authors: Muñoz Pascual Lucía , Galende Jesús
Published: December 2023

Developing the pathways that lead to sustainable innovation in SMEs represents an important aspect of the business world and society. The aim of this chapter is to verify the relations and pathways that lead to sustainable product innovation performance while considering all three pillars of the triple bottom line approach. This study proposed a mixed methods approach to identify the antecedents of sustainable product innovation performance. The model was used to measure the effects of the three pillars of the triple bottom line: economic, social, and environmental developments. The model was also designed to account for the firm's type (public limited companies vs. general partnerships). The authors determined whether a firm's type moderates the effects of the three pillars. They identified alternative configurations of conditions and determined those that are likely to lead to sustainable product innovation performance. The findings show that social and environmental developments are two important antecedents for product innovation performance, and they contribute to different pathways.
The Right to Garment
Authors: Corbera Gabriela
Published: December 2023

The Rana Plaza Collapse in 2013 in Dhaka, Bangladesh offers lessons in the garment industry on ethics, corporate leadership, and corporate social responsibility crisis. Given the circumstances of 1,134 workers deceased from its factory collapse in 2013, this chapter aims to inform the response in CSR Crisis in the garment sector of three major fast fashion companies. It also positions the most current labour standards in the ready-made garment industry in Bangladesh. This chapter draws on literature in management and economics on informing the connections in labour and industrial growth. The chapter aims to shed light on other alternatives fashion companies can take in supporting ethical responses and practices in supply chain management. It then offers a variety of business/human rights recommendations in public policy for the Republic of Bangladesh.
Using Publicized Information to Determine the Sustainable Development of 3-PL Companies
Authors: Law Kris M.Y. , Breznik Kristijan , Ip Andrew W. H.
Published: December 2023

Sustainability issues have been seen as a promising paradigm for achieving a better future. Firms in the logistics service sector are still lacking clear value propositions on sustainable development. While many organizations publish their mission statements publicly as kinds of public information, reviewing mission statements is an appropriate means to evaluate an organization's strategy. This study focuses on the public information such as mission statements of the top 50 global 3-PL companies and the relevant sustainable development. A comprehensive content analysis identified four major content dimensions of mission statements relating to sustainability development. The dimensions are driving forces, approaches, responsibility to stakeholders, and competitive values. This paper offers a good methodological reference for researchers or practitioners managing the public information of organizations. Network analysis reveals that the location of companies has a limited effect on their mission and strategy as they all provide global service.
Sustainable Supply Chain Management in Tourism
Authors: Bentalha Badr
Published: December 2023

The objective of sustainable logistics management is to ensure enduring economic, environmental, and social stability, leading to long-term sustainable expansion. The global push towards sustainable development is driving the adoption of sustainable logistics practices in the management of tourism-related logistics, with a particular focus on meeting environmental performance targets. Consequently, there is an increasing amount of theoretical and practical discussion surrounding tourism logistics operations. The objective of this chapter is to examine the impact of sustainable tourism supply chain management on the environmental performance of service companies. Through a prospective analysis, the authors investigate the relationship between sustainable logistics practices in tourism and their influence on environmental performance. The findings demonstrate that coordinated, collaborative, and pooled logistics resources can enhance the efficiency of the responsible supply chain within the tourism industry.
Understanding the Dynamics of Blockchain Technology and Its Impact on Environmental Sustainability in the Hospitality Industry
Authors: Jatav Sunita , Gupta Rupali , Singh Vijeta
Published: December 2023

This research examines the possible contributions that blockchain technology could make to overcoming a variety of obstacles and accomplishing the objectives of sustainable tourism. Blockchain technology shows promise for the development of sustainable tourism that is aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Blockchain technology has the potential to disrupt existing tourism operations, boost local economies, manage food supply chains, reduce food waste, improve tourists' satisfaction, influence sustainable behaviour, and address awareness-related concerns. In addition, this study makes suggestions for new lines of research that could be pursued in order to investigate the full potential of blockchain technology as it relates to sustainable tourism. This study covered Indian and International Cases of Multinational and Indian Companies with challenges and opportunities.
A Comprehensive Review on Leveraging Business Intelligence for Enhanced Marketing Analytics
Authors: Venkateswaran P. S. , Marupaka Divya , Parate Sachin , Bhanushali Amit , Thammareddi Latha , Paramasivan P.
Published: December 2023

In the rapidly evolving landscape of marketing, data-driven decision-making has become paramount for organizations seeking a competitive edge. This chapter presents a comprehensive review of the applications and impact of business intelligence (BI) in the realm of marketing analytics. The research aims to elucidate the multifaceted relationship between BI and marketing analytics, explore the benefits and challenges, and provide insights into emerging trends. The study employs a mixed-method research design involving both qualitative and quantitative approaches, including an extensive literature review and surveys. It examines how BI tools and practices empower marketing professionals with data-driven insights for more effective decision-making and marketing strategy optimization. The chapter discusses key applications, benefits, challenges, and emerging trends in the integration of BI and marketing analytics.
The Synergy of Management Information Systems and Predictive Analytics for Marketing
Authors: Lishmah Dominic M. , Venkateswaran P. S. , Reddi Latha Thamma , Rangineni Sandeep , Regin R. , Rajest S. Suman
Published: December 2023

In the ever-evolving landscape of modern marketing, the convergence of management information systems (MIS) and predictive analytics has become a potent force. This chapter explores the transformative potential of combining MIS infrastructure with predictive analytics techniques to reshape marketing management. Predictive analytics, utilizing historical data and machine learning, empowers organizations to forecast future trends, customer behavior, and market dynamics. MIS, as the information backbone, facilitates the collection, processing, and dissemination of data for strategic decision-making. Marketing, once reliant on intuition, has transitioned into a data-driven discipline. This synergy enables businesses to not only understand past performance but also anticipate and respond to the dynamic demands of the marketplace. However, seizing this opportunity is not without challenges. Success hinges on the alignment of technical capabilities, organizational structure, and strategic vision with the digital landscape's evolution.
Intelligent Business Sustainability on Marketing System
Authors: Parveen Roja M. , Agarwal Shashank , More Amrita Baid , Bogeshwaran K. , Nagarajan A. , Manikandan S.
Published: December 2023

The information age, with the usage of big data, has created opportunities for smart marketing systems. Marketing data intelligence systems accelerate product innovation and growth strategies with the information obtained from the data mining techniques about the marketing stakeholders. The implementation and adaptation of creative, intelligent technologies aid marketers in speedy decisions and sustainable competitive strategies to gain a competitive advantage in the market that would help the organization's sustenance over the long term. This chapter explains marketing intelligence, its quotient, relevant theories, evolution, framework, the transformation of marketing intelligence systems from digital marketing to social engineering, the tools of marketing intelligence, and the benefits of marketing intelligence.
Developing a definition for lean construction maturity models through a PRISMA systematic literature review
Authors: Jayanetti J. K. D. D. T. , Perera B. A. K. S. , Waidyasekara K. G. A. S.
Published: December 2023

The construction industry faces challenges in achieving efficiency, which has led to the adoption of Lean Construction principles. Defining a Lean Maturity Model specific to the construction context is essential for effectively implementing Lean principles. Prevailing evidence presents a significant gap in the existing literature regarding a consolidated and practically oriented definition of a Lean Construction Maturity Model (LCMM). While various frameworks have been proposed, there is a lack of consensus and a need for a unified understanding of Lean construction maturity. Thus, the paper is aimed at developing a definition for LCMMs through a systematic literature review using the PRISMA technique. The findings were analysed using the thematic analysis method. As per findings, a new definition was developed identifying nine key themes and corresponding sub-themes.As a theoretical contribution, this paper fills the existing literature gap by providing a precise and comprehensive definition. From an industry perspective, this makes a significant practical contribution to construction practitioners and policymakers by enabling organizations to assess their lean maturity level, identify areas for improvement, and strategically plan their lean transformation journey. The paper contributes to societal advancements by promoting efficiency, productivity, and sustainability in the construction industry through improving lean construction practices.
Dealing with specialist pathology: an unusual case of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome managed in the emergency department with point of care ultrasound
Authors: Lazzari Roberto , Condom Siñol Mariona
Published: December 2023

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a well-known complication of assisted reproduction. The hyperstimulated ovaries release vasoactive substances that can increase capillary permeability, resulting in volume shift to the extravascular space and leading to hypovolemia, ascites and, in complicated cases, pleural and pericardial effusions, kidney and liver failure, shock. Point Of Care UltraSound (POCUS) can help the emergency physician to detect many of these complications, as well as guide their treatment. In this case report we present a patient at low risk for OHSS who recently underwent a successful in vitro fertilization, coming to the emergency department with an unusual complication of OHSS (an isolated pleural effusion), that has been safely and promptly diagnosed and treated in the emergency room with the help of POCUS, without any unnecessary exposition to ionizing radiations.
Report on the 3rd International Scientific Meeting on Cosmetic Dermatology incorporated with the International Society for Laser Surgery and Medicine Congress 2023, Bali, Indonesia, June 16th-18th
Authors: Aviña Ana Elena , Agnes Nguyen Le Thanh Hang , Chang Chen-Jen
Published: December 2023

Perhaps the difficulties and learning experiences that COVID-19 gave us globally, as medical professionals1 and as humanity, provided this meeting a special flavor and invaluable richness. In addition to the above, the great effort and careful attention to detail of the organizing committee, the support of the sponsors, and all the hard work of the people involved yielded excellent results. [...]
Association of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Lymphocyte-to-Monocyte Ratio with Clinicopathological Features and Short-Term Outcome in Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Malapure Sumeet Suresh , Oommen Sibi , Bhushan Shivanand , Suresh Sucharitha , Devaraja K.
Published: December 2023

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the association of inflammatory markers with known risk factors and short-term outcome of well-differentiated thyroid cancer.

Materials and Methods:

Well-differentiated nonmetastatic thyroid cancer patients diagnosed and treated between September 2015 and December 2019 at Kasturba Hospital, Manipal, India, were retrieved for the study. Patients’ presurgical blood parameters were noted, and neurtrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) were calculated. Clinicopathological details along with tumor markers at baseline and at 6 months’ follow-up were tabulated. Patients were categorized as complete disease clearance if their clinical examination was normal, stimulated thyroglobulin (Tg) was <1 ng/ml, Anti-thyroglobulin antibodies <65 IU/L or showing a decreasing trend, and follow-up I-131 whole-body scan was negative. The association of the inflammatory markers with known risk factors and short-term outcomes were compared.

Results:

A total of 272 patients were analyzed in the study. The median NLR in our study cohort was 2.55 (mean = 3.96 with standard deviation [SD] =4.20) and the median LMR was 3.72 (mean = 3.79 with SD = 1.94). The disease clearance rate of our study cohort was 73.9%. The median NLR (2.4 vs. 3.1) and LMR (3.13 vs. 3.93) were significantly different among the patients with complete disease clearance and those with persistent disease (P = 0.008 and P = 0.003, respectively). The known risk factors such as multifocality (P = 0.04), tumor size (P = 0.013), lymph node metastases (P = 0.001), and baseline Tg (P ≤ 0.001) were significantly associated with persistent disease at 6 months. The NLR showed a positive correlation and LMR had a negative correlation with the known risk factors, however, the associations were not statistically significant.

Conclusions:

The NLR and LMR are simple yet potential prognostic tools in well-differentiated thyroid cancer.
Extensive Pulmonary Cryptococcosis as a Presentation in an Immunocompetent Young Male: A Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Finding
Authors: Chauhan Prajwal , Singh Vijay , De Sumeet Kumar , Gupta Mansi , Nath Alok , Ora Manish
Published: December 2023

A 42-year-old male presented with a dry cough, breathlessness, and fever. He underwent a computed tomography that revealed large consolidation in the right lung. Biopsy revealed Cryptococcus neoformans. He was on antifungal for 4 months with no clinicoradiological improvement. 18F- fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) showed consolidations in the right lung with multiple lung nodules. 18F-FDG PET/CT ascertains the diagnosis of residual fungal infection and rules out extrapulmonary involvement.
Isolated Solitary Asymptomatic Skeletal Muscle Relapse of High-Grade Lymphoma Detected on Surveillance 18F- Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography
Authors: Sharma Punit
Published: December 2023

While extranodal involvement of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is common, skeletal muscle involvement is extremely rare. Isolated skeletal muscle involvement in lymphoma is even rarer. We present here the case of a 26-year-old woman, who was diagnosed to have a solitary isolated skeletal muscle relapse of DLBCL on surveillance 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography, after completing first-line treatment, that was subsequently confirmed with biopsy.
Multimodality Appearances of Marginal Zone Lymphoma Masquerading as Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia-serial Chest Radiograph and High-resolution Computed Tomography Appearances: (18F) Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Staging Utility
Authors: Robinson Elizabeth , Nawwar Ayah , Searle Julie , Lyburn Iain
Published: December 2023

Marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) is a group of low-grade, indolent, non-Hodgkin lymphomas rarely manifesting in the lungs. A 46-year-old man presenting with shortness of breath and cough was investigated and treated over 10 months for an atypical pattern of lung disease in keeping with cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP). Initial lung biopsies were nondiagnostic – repeat sampling eventually showed MZL. Staging whole-body (18F) fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) demonstrated multisystem stage IV disease with intensely avid widespread pulmonary changes resembling COP. The case elegantly illustrates that pulmonary MZL can present insidiously masquerading as COP and shows the value of (18F) FDG PET/CT to stage extranodal MZL.
Current concepts of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome therapy in degenerative rotator cuff tear arthropathy
Authors: Vankdoth Krishna Kanth
Published: December 2023

Ruptures of the rotator cuff are a prevalent issue that are responsible for a sizeable portion of the morbidity that affects the adult population. We can bring the high recurrence rate down by increasing our understanding of the method by which entheses recover. There have been several studies done on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their influence on the healing of wounds; nevertheless, there are several challenges associated with their application. Recent research has suggested that exosomes may be responsible for the beneficial effects of MSCs on wound healing. Researchers have discovered that exosomes can boost collagen synthesis and angiogenesis. This is accomplished by increasing the expression of mRNA for collagen 1 and elastin, as well as proteins that promote angiogenesis. As a result, scar formation is reduced and tissue regeneration is enhanced. Although there has only been a modest amount of study done on exosome functions and the potential roles they can play in wound healing, it is possible that exosomes are responsible for the underlying mechanisms that give MSCs their healing abilities. Because of this, it is necessary to conduct additional research on their capacity to speed up the healing process of the enthesis in rotator cuff models. When it comes to rotator cuff repair, more research is required to determine which distribution technique of exosomes is the most effective. These issues will be answered as further research and understanding of the role of exosomes is conducted, which will also lead to improvements in the efficiency of tissue regeneration and regenerative medicine.
Management of late presented thoracolumbar spine fracture: Comparison of clinical and radiological outcome in anterior and posterior approach
Authors: Das Subhendu , Chakraborty Abhishek , Mahato Prasanta , Santra Sabyasachi
Published: December 2023

Background:

Between 5% and 10% of polytrauma patients suffer spinal fractures or dislocations. The vast majority of these injuries affect the motion segments between T11 and L2 at the thoracolumbar junction. A few thoracolumbar fractures may be treated conservatively by rigid orthosis and prompt mobilisation, but a large number of such injuries are better managed surgically. A variety of surgical approaches viz. Anterior, posterior or circumferential/combined are used to decompress and stabilise injured thoracolumbar spine. The ideal method is still a matter of some debate, and in most cases, the operative plan is influenced by both clinical and radiological conditions. The purpose of this study was to compare the results of anterior versus posterior decompression and reconstruction of the spine in late presentation (>3 weeks).

Materials and Methods:

A prospective and randomised study was conducted from September 2012 to August 2014. Thirty patients with thoracolumbar spinal fractures (D11–L2) were taken for the study as per inclusion/exclusion criteria. The patients were operated 3 weeks after the injury due to late presentation. All patients underwent decompression and fixation of the spine using various methods either by anterior approach or posterior approach (15 patients in each group). All patients had Thoracolumbar Injury Classification and Severity Score 5 or more with age belonging to the age group of 15–65 years. On admission, American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Score (ASIA score) was evaluated and Frankel grade was assigned to each patient. Operative time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative and postoperative complications were noted. Neurology was assessed again at the time of discharge after surgery and at follow-up at month and then at 3-month intervals. Radiological evaluation is done based on a kyphotic angle before surgery and at follow-up visits. Clinical outcome variables analysis was done using an Unpaired t test and Graph Pad software. Significance was set at the P < 0.05 level.

Results:

Of 30 patients, 15 belonged to each group. Group A (operated with an anterior approach) and group B (operated with a posterior approach) were comparable in terms of patient demographics, type of fracture, and follow-up duration. No patient suffered from neurological deterioration post-surgery. ASIA score improvement in group A is 66 points and in group B is 59 points. Frankel grade improvement is up to 1.3 in group A and 1.2 in group B. Cosmetic results were better in a posterior group with the shorter incision.

Conclusion:

With this comparative study, we find that the anterior approach is better in overall outcome if operated after 3 weeks of injury.
Midfoot Charcot neuroarthropathy: An overview
Authors: Simon Rajesh , Zachariah Sunnish
Published: December 2023

Charcot’s neuroarthropathy is a progressive disorder of the foot and ankle involving soft tissue, bones and joints. If not identified and treated in early stages, it can lead to multiple ulcerations, loss of shape of foot with inability to walk or may even lead to amputation. If diagnosed in the early stages, non-operative treatment is very useful in the early stages of disease. Surgical treatment aims at the correction of deformities and halting disease progression, eventually giving a plantigrade osseous stable foot.
Significance of epsilon sign in preoperative planning and surgical reduction of unstable variant of intertrochanteric fracture femur
Authors: Mohan Gopi
Published: December 2023

Introduction:

Intertrochanteric (IT) fractures of the hip are a common variety of fractures seen elderly people. Early mobilisation and ambulation can prevent significant functional disability in these patients. A particularly unstable variant of IT fracture, which appears on radiological examination as an epsilon ‘ε’ sign on the left side and reverse epsilon ‘3’ on the right side, further worsen outcomes. In this study, 354 IT fractures treated at our institution from September 2020 to July 2021, including 15 patients with the unstable fracture type, were retrospectively examined.

Materials and Method:

The Whitman’s technique for fracture reduction by traction, disimpaction and internal rotation of the affected limb was attempted in all patients,. In 13 of these cases, attempts at closed reduction were not successful by any manoeuvre of rotation, whereas in 2 cases a suboptimal closed reduction was achieved following which intramedullary fixation was performed. In all cases where open reduction was required, a lateral approach was performed to expose the fracture site, which was then examined and revealed the soft tissue interposition. Such structures that prevented reduction were then retracted anteriorly and kept away from the fracture site. The fracture was reduced by external rotation of the distal fragment following which the DHS screw was inserted, manual compression was performed to correct any distraction followed by stabilisation using de-rotation screw and application of top nut.

Results:

Of the 354 patients who presented with IT fractures, 15 were identified with the unstable variant. Closed fracture reduction was partially achieved in only 2 of these 15 patients. In the remaining patients, open reduction was required following the failure of closed reduction. The patients with unstable IT fractures who underwent surgical correction following retraction of soft tissue structures and reduction by external rotation of distal fragment showed radiological signs of union post-operatively. In the two patients who achieved suboptimal partial reduction by closed technique, failure of fixation was observed in follow up.

Conclusion:

In our study, we found that the early radiological determination of epsilon ‘ε’ sign on the left side and reverse epsilon ‘3’ on right side could decrease unnecessary attempts at closed reduction and subsequent failure of the same. Prompt open reduction of such fractures can prevent unnecessary attempts at closed reduction, which may fail completely or yield suboptimal results as in our study. The surgical techniques for optimum open reduction in these cases were also elucidated in our study.
Rickets – A case report
Authors: Mudgade Deepjyoti , Srivastava Himanshu M. , Qureshi Sameera M. R. , Handa Amit
Published: December 2023

Rickets is a disorder caused by a lack of vitamin D, calcium or phosphate. It leads to softening and weakening of the bones. Dental manifestation of rickets includes enamel hypoplasia and delayed tooth eruption. The most important oral findings are characterised by spontaneous gingival and dental abscesses occurring without a history of trauma or caries. Radiographic examination revealed large pulp chambers, short roots, poorly defined lamina dura and hypoplastic alveolar ridge. These dental abscesses are common, and therefore, extraction and pulpectomy are the treatment of choice. Oral manifestations of rickets should be diagnosed early by both physicians and dentists to prevent severe dental complications. This article aims to report a case of rickets in a 3-year-old girl, describing the dental findings and the treatment to be performed in these cases.
Immunohistochemical expression of SOX2 in OKC and ameloblastoma: A comparative study
Authors: Pereira Treville , Shetty Subraj J. , Punjabi Vishal , Vidhale Rutuja G. , Gotmare Swati S. , Kamath Pooja
Published: December 2023

Introduction:

Odontogenic, non-inflammatory maxillofacial cysts and tumours vary greatly in their ability to grow and cause local tissue destruction. Despite their common embryologic origin, the biologic mechanisms responsible for this diverse array of clinical behaviour are largely unknown. Unfortunately, even with accurate tissue diagnosis and appropriate surgical management, these tumours have relatively high recurrence rates. While this may be related to surgical technique, it may also be due to intrinsic tumour biology. SOX2 is differentially expressed in odontogenic cysts and tumours, which has an impact over patient prognosis. This could be related to their diverse cells of origin or stages of histogenesis. SOX2 is expressed in OKC and ameloblastoma, and in this study, we look forward to find altered levels and intensity of SOX2 in the above-mentioned lesions.

Aim and Objectives:

To profile the expression of SOX2 in odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) and ameloblastoma

To compare the intensity of these lesions, analyse their intrinsic feature and predict their recurrence

Material and Methods:

Histopathologically diagnosed cases of OKC and ameloblastoma will be selected (n = 40). Paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed sections of these lesions will be stained for SOX2 marker using a standard immunohistochemical technique. Positive control will be taken as oral squamous cell carcinoma and negative control will be taken as normal oral mucosa.

Results:

A comparison between the stained cell types in odontogenic keratocyst and ameloblastoma revealed statistically significant differences. The immunoreactivity scores of SOX2 were analysed in both groups. The results indicated that 45% of OKC cases exhibited strongly positive reactivity, while 65% of ameloblastoma cases were negative. Statistical analysis demonstrated highly significant differences in the frequency of SOX2 expression between the two groups, with a higher frequency of negative expression in ameloblastoma.

Conclusion:

Stem cell markers have been observed in these lesions, suggesting the acquisition of stem-like properties by tumour cells, which can affect patient prognosis. Specifically, the marker SOX2 shows differential expression in odontogenic cysts and tumours. High expression of SOX2 in OKC indicates the presence of stem cells with significant self-renewal and proliferative properties, potentially signifying neoplastic behaviour. In contrast, weak or absent expression of SOX2 in ameloblastoma suggests different molecular pathways involved in its neoplastic behaviour.
Establishing the reliability of incisive papilla and palatal rugae patterns in individual identification
Authors: Satelur Krishnanand P. , Annegowda Vidya M. , Murali Arpitha , Sirisha R.
Published: December 2023

Context:

The study of palatal rugae forms an important basis of human identification, especially due to mass disasters where routinely used techniques may not be helpful.

Aims:

This study aimed at evaluating the palatal rugae and incisive papilla on the basis of shape.

Settings and Design:

The study was conducted in 280 individuals (males and females) among dental students of Dayananda Sagar College of Dental Sciences.

Materials and Methods:

The study included 280 students from Dayananda Sagar College and out-patients from the orthodontics department. Pictures of rugae and the incisive papilla were taken from individuals aged 10–36 using a camera, mirror, and lighting. Two investigators analysed the shape of the rugae and incisive papilla using classification systems by Thomas and Kotze, and Ortman and Tsao, respectively.

Statistical Analysis Used:

The data were statistically analysed using SPSS 20.0 software, and a significance level of P ≤ 0.05 was used.

Results:

The results suggested that rugae showing a wavy shape were the most common pattern in both the genders. Significant differences were observed in the curved rugae type between males and females. In incisive papillae evaluation, the pear shape was the most common, with the triangular shape being the least common.

Conclusions:

It can be concluded that evaluation of palatal rugae along with the incisive papilla can be an important tool for identification of an individual and for evaluating various ethnic populations.
Assessment of the mineralisation stages of third molars and validation of Mincer et al.’s age estimation method: A retrospective, cross-sectional study in Western India population
Authors: Pillai Jayasankar P. , Dodia Vaishali , Monpara Pooja , Shah Khushali , Odedra Sima
Published: December 2023

Context:

Age estimation is one of the prime requisites in forensic human identification cases and the criminal justice system. There are several age estimation methods using dental parameters. A method proposed by Mincer et al. which uses the mineralization stages of third molars based on Demirjian’s developmental stages is less tested in the Indian population.

Aim:

The present study aimed to assess the developmental status of the third molars and to apply and validate Mincer et al.’s method on the Western India population.

Methods and Material:

A total of 306 orthopantomograms (OPGs) from 128 males and 178 females with a mean age of 16.89 years ± 3.68 were analysed. Demirjian’s A-H staging was applied to record the developmental stages of 1100 third molars. Mincer et al.’s mean age of attainment was applied based on the American Whites (Caucasian) population for males and females separately using stages of #18 and #38.

Results:

There was a slight overestimation of the chronological age (CA) in both #18 and #38. The females showed more accurate estimated age (EA) than males.

Conclusions:

Mincer et al.’s method is a convenient age estimation method using the third molar’s developmental stage. The mean age of attainment mentioned in the original Mincer et al.’s study can be used in the Western Indian population, with a residual value ranging from 0.21 to 0.25 years.
Overexpression of deubiquitinase (usp 36) in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Murali Preethi , Kavitha B. , Narasimhan Malathi
Published: December 2023

Aim:

Oral cancer is one of the top three types of cancer and is of significant public health importance in India. A common post-translational modification in cells is ubiquitination/deubiquitination, and its dysregulation is closely associated with the development of cancer. Studies on the role of ubiquitination in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are lacking. Increased expression ofusp36has been observed in various types of cancer, and this study aimed to check the gene expression ofusp36in OSCC patients. In this study, we analyzed the expression of ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) 36 in OSCC.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 15 OSCC patients at different stages of tumor differentiation and age- and sex-matched controls were recruited for the study. The patients were categorized based on their differentiation patterns. RNA was extracted from the tissues, andusp36gene expression was checked in these samples using a quantitative real-time PCR technique.

Results:

Our study showed increased expression ofusp36gene in OSCC patients. Theusp36mRNA was 231.8 ± 137.94 folds higher in well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma patients, 38.18 ± 3.77 folds higher in moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma patients, and 25.49 ± 7.30 folds higher in poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma patients compared to control tissues.

Conclusion:

Our study reports, for the first time, an increased gene expression ofusp36in OSCC tissues.
Comparative evaluation of oral mucositis in oral cancer patients undergoing 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy and intensity modulated radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy
Authors: Harnekar Shirin H. , Prakash Nilima , Nagarkar Raj , Pradeep GL , Mahajan Aarti , Patil Roshan Kumar A.
Published: December 2023

Context:

Oral cancer is a significant cause of death across the world. A combined multimodal approach integrating surgery and radiation therapy (RT) with or without chemotherapy (CT) is commonly employed in advanced oral cancer to prevent recurrences and locoregional spread. Oral mucositis is a common acute toxicity reported in patients undergoing RT and CT. The delivery of optimal cancer therapy protocols is compromised due to morbidity caused by oral mucositis.

Aims:

To compare the severity of oral mucositis in oral cancer patients undergoing 3-Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy (3DCRT) and Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) with or without concomitant CT.

Settings and Design:

This was a prospective, unicentric and longitudinal study conducted in a cancer centre.

Methods and Material:

One hundred four patients with locally advanced oral cancer were enrolled in this study. Fifty-two patients were treated with IMRT and 52 patients with 3DCRT to a dose of >60 Gy, along with concurrent cisplatin weekly CT. Mucositis was recorded before the start, in the end, 1 month, and 3 months post-chemoradiotherapy treatment.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software (v. 21.0, Chicago. 2012). Descriptive and frequency statistics were performed for different parameters assessed in 3DCRT and IMRT group.

Results:

Grade 3 mucositis was the most predominant grade observed in both groups at the end of treatment. Thirty-six patients (69.3%) versus 24 patients (46.1%) developed grade 3 mucositis in 3DCRT and IMRT group, respectively (P = 0.013). Healing was better with IMRT group when compared to 3DCRT group 1 month and 3 months post-RT. Mucositis was severe in patients undergoing concomitant CT.

Conclusions:

IMRT reduced the incidence of severe mucositis and also improved the treatment-compliance compared to 3DCRT in locally advanced head neck cancer patients treated by chemoradiotherapy.
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the lower lip: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Bhargava Manish , Vats Hitesh , Singh Ajit , Jaiswal Rohit
Published: December 2023

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is a rare salivary gland malignancy characterized by diverse cellular components. This case report presents a unique instance of low-grade MEC in a 28-year-old female, emphasizing the importance of accurate diagnosis and tailored management. The patient exhibited a painless, enlarging lower lip swelling over a year, with imaging suggestive of a fibrolipomatous lesion. Surgical excision was successfully performed, with subsequent histopathological analysis displaying mucinous cystic spaces, varied epithelial cell types and other characteristic features consistent with MEC. The case findings aligned with hallmark MEC features are seen in established literature, highlighting the significance of precise diagnosis and grading for appropriate management. This report contributes to the understanding of MEC’s varied presentations and underscores the importance of thorough: histopathological examination, lower lip, mucoepidermoid carcinoma clinical evaluation, accurate histopathological analysis and interdisciplinary collaboration. The case highlights the value of considering MEC in younger patients, even with atypical presentations, and encourages ongoing exploration of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to improve patient outcomes.
Quantification of oral neutrophil counts in periodontal health and disease utilising a standardised oral rinse
Authors: Dlima Johnson Prakash , Paul Jose , Thomas Senny , Thomas Priya , Antony Jiss
Published: December 2023

Background and Objectives:

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in humans and are key host cells in defence against invading microorganisms. The oral neutrophil count may be an indicator of the periodontal health status, which correlates with the severity of periodontal disease. This study attempts to quantify orogranulocytes utilising an oral rinse and to assess the usefulness of this method in evaluating the oral inflammatory load much the same way the circulating neutrophils are used to screen for patients with infection in extra-oral sites.

Methods:

A total of 125 participants were divided into five groups with 25 subjects in each group. The groups consisted of healthy, gingivitis, mild periodontitis, moderate periodontitis, and severe periodontitis. Participants were asked to rinse with 10 mL of 0.9% saline for 30 s and to expectorate. Samples were centrifuged at 2000 RPM for 10 min. The supernatant removed was suspended in 5 mL of Hanks’s balanced salt solution. One millilitre of this suspension was mixed with 4 μL of acridine orange. A 10 μL aliquot of this suspension was then assessed on a haemocytometer, and the oral PMNs were counted using fluorescence microscopy.

Results:

The mean number of oral neutrophils (100,000 cells/mL) was the lowest in the healthy group and increased in ascending order across the different groups with the highest for severe periodontitis group.

Conclusion:

The oral neutrophil counts increased with the severity of periodontal inflammation. This is an easy, safe, reliable, and non-invasive method of quantification of oral neutrophils.
Schaumann bodies: The basophilic inclusion body
Authors: Jain Ankush P. , Desai Rajiv S. , Bansal Shivani P. , Shirsat Pankaj M.
Published: December 2023

Schaumann bodies are the inclusion bodies usually seen in sarcoidosis, but can also be found in other conditions like tuberculosis, chronic beryllium diseases and Crohn’s diseases. Histopathologically, these bodies appear as round to oval shell-like basophilic calcifications usually considered to be as a residuum of lysosomal organelles activity.
Minichromosome maintenance protein 5 – a promising prognostic marker of oral epithelial dysplasias and oral squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Mathew Lisha , Janardhanan Mahija , Suresh Rakesh , Savithri Vindhya , Aravind Thara , Aiswarya A.
Published: December 2023

Background:

Early diagnosis is the single most effective means of reducing the mortality rate of oral cancer.

Aim:

This study was undertaken to assess the expression of minichromosome maintenance protein 5 (MCM5) in oral epithelial dysplasias and oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) and to evaluate their possible role as a biomarker for early diagnosis and prognosis of OSCC.

Design:

A retrospective cross-sectional study.

Materials and Methods:

The study was conducted to assess the expression of MCM5 immunohistochemically in the tissue samples of oral epithelial dysplasias (n= 27) and OSCCs (n= 30) diagnosed between 2014 and 2019.

Statistical Analysis:

The difference in the mean nuclear labelling index (LI) between the groups and the subgroups was analysed statistically using the Kruskal–Wallis test and theposthoctest, and the Dunn–Bonferroni multiple comparison analysis was conducted for pairwise comparison between the four main groups and the subgroups. The association between mean MCM5 LI and clinicopathological parameters was analysed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient.

Results:

A progressive increase in the nuclear expression of MCM5 protein (P-value <0.001) was noticed from normal oral mucosa through oral epithelial hyperplasia and oral epithelial dysplasia to OSCC. A significant correlation was also observed between the mean nuclear MCM5 LI of OSCC and TNM staging (R2= 0.268,P= 0.029).

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest that MCM5 may be of great value in assessing the malignant potential of dysplastic lesions and may serve as biomarker of utility in the early diagnosis and prognosis of OSCC.
A study of psychiatric comorbidities and quality of life in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in a tertiary care hospital in Telangana
Authors: Ganduri Madhu Vamsi , Rebelli Rajashekar , Soorinedu Rajendhar , Kasimahanti Siva Prasad
Published: December 2023

Background:

Diabetes affects physical and psychological and social health. Sufficient literature exists on management by self and psychosocial methods for diabetes, but there exists a paucity of literature on psychological response and unaddressed emotional distress on overall health. Many studies have shown that diabetes has a bad impact on quality of life (QOL). This study is done for estimating psychiatric morbidity prevalence and its influence on QOL in diabetic patients.

Aim:

We aimed to study psychiatric comorbidities and QOL in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in a tertiary care hospital.

Methodology:

This was a study done cross-sectionally over a period of 18 months on a sample of 108 subjects at the Psychiatry Department and General Medicine Department, Government Medical College and General Hospital, Nizamabad. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview PLUS 5.0 and World Health Organization QOL-BREF scales were the survey tools used. Data analysis was done using statistical methods.

Results:

The prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities among diabetic patients was found to be 58.3%, with Depression (17.6%) being the most common comorbidity, followed by Dysthymia (13.8%). QOL of patients with T2DM with psychiatric comorbidity was significantly poorer (P = 0.001) in physical health domain (P = 0.04) and psychological domain (P = 0.01), while it was relatively better in environment domain (P = 0.2) and social relationships domain (P = 0.5).

Conclusion:

This study concludes that psychiatric comorbidities are common comorbidities in persons with T2DM. Moreover, psychiatric comorbidities further reduce QOL in individuals having T2DM.