bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Repeated Sexual Assault and HIV Seropositivity: A Case Report
Authors: B Meel
Published: December 2021

Background: Sexual assaults are on an epidemic level in the Transkei region of South Africa, despite the government efforts to bring it down. Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) is also proportionally high in this region of South Africa. Objective: To highlight the problem of sexual assault and HIV infection in the Transkei region of South Africa. Case history: This is a case report of 15-year-old teenagers (SD) who was a schoolgirl in standard 6 when she was assaulted. SD was sexually assaulted repeatedly by an older man of 28 years. She was found sero-converted on HIV testing. On physical examination the introitus was red and bruised. A copious amount semen-like infected fluid was observed in her vagina. The case history, findings, beliefs, and compliance with HIV drugs are discussed. Conclusion: There is high risk of repeated sexual assault and HIV infection in the Transkei region of South Africa. Government must look deeper to prevent these rape attacks as well as HIV infection
Ethical Issue Related to ‘Save the Life of the Patient’ at Mthatha General Hospital in South Africa
Authors: B Meel
Published: December 2021

Background: Resuscitation of a patient with life threatening conditions, before referral to another department or hospital, is a legal obligation on the part of the health professionals. Several deaths occur every year in hospitals and health care centres without an emergency management. Objective: To highlight the ethical issue related to ‘Save the Life of the Patient’ at Mthatha hospital in South Africa. Case History: This is the case (AM) report of a 16-year-old Grade 10 learner who was assaulted physically as well as sexually. She was bleeding from a stab wound to her when she was brought to the Mthatha General Hospital’s (MGH) casualty. She was then referred to the Bedford hospital for repair of the tendon of her right wrist as recommended by the doctor on duty. The patient was referred to Sinawe Centre for forensic management, where she collapsed during an interview. The patient was taken on a stretcher to the MGH casualty for an emergency treatment of her blood pressure. The history of the patient and the care duty of the health professionals are discussed. Ethical issues are also highlighted in relation to the ‘preserve the life first’ principle in this case report.

Conclusion: There was a serious breach in duty of care by medical officers in the Mthatha hospital, South Africa. It is an ethical priority to save the life of the patient.
Post-retrenchment and Retirement of Mineworkers: A Poor Quality of Life in Transkei Region of South Africa
Authors: B Meel
Published: December 2021

Background: Former mineworkers are sandwiched between scare resources and little hope of getting re-employment. They do not have enough savings to maintain their families. The expenditure is at its highest when they return from the mines, as the children are grown up and are in secondary or senior secondary school. Many are not re-employable because of poor health, and some are disabled.Objective: To highlight the problem of retrenched mineworkers in the Transkei region of South Africa.Method: The case histories of these mineworkers were recorded either at Benefit Examination Clinic (BEC) or at the forensic pathology laboratory which is situated in the chest section of the Mthatha Hospital, Mthatha.Results: There were 2027 former mineworkers examined at BEC between 1997 and 2000. Of these, 172 (8.48%) were re-examined and only 51 (2.5%) received compensated over the period of four years. The examination of mineworkers has decreased from 1997 (29.6%) to 2000 (3.94%). There were 55 (2.71%) died before they received their benefit of examination.Conclusion: Retrenched mineworkers are frequently under psychosocial pressure, including their families and the community. Extreme poverty, sickness, and disabilities co-exist among these retrenched, retired mineworkers in the Transkei region of South Africa.
Prevalence of Tobacco Smoking Among Ex-Mineworkers of Transkei, South Africa
Authors: B Meel
Published: December 2021

Background: The smoking of tobacco is one of the most important confounding factors contributing to lung pathology. It is therefore essential to know the degree of prevalence of smoking in the community of former mineworkers of the Transkei, who constitute one of the groups in South Africa most affected by smoking. Objective: Prevalence study of smoking among former mineworkers of Transkei, South Africa Method: This is a record review study from the Benefit Examination Clinic, which was carried out once a week at the chest section of Mthatha Hospital in Transkei. Results: 466 ex-mineworkers were studied for their smoking habits. Non-smokers were lower in number at 97 (21%), the number of ex-smokers was 226 (48%) and smokers numbered 143 (31%). Little more than three-fifth were smokers - 89 (20%) - and ex-smokers - 142 (30%) - who were in their middle age (40-59yrs). Between 1% and 5% were observed to be in the extreme ends of their age groups (<40 &>60). It was observed that among the ex-miners who had worked in the mines for a period of 10 to 19 years, the ex-smokers constituted 26%, the smokers 17% and non-smokers 9%. The ex-smokers, smokers and non-smokers were in a proportion of about 5:3:2. The population of smokers peaked from 15% for those with a mining history of nine or fewer year’s underground to 42% for those who had been mining for 10 to 19 years and fell almost at the same rate from 42% to 22% in the group with 20 or more years of mining. Non-smokers among the sample increased from 5% (nine or fewer years) to 9% in the 10 to 19 years group, and ultimately settled at 7% when they had worked 20 years or more. Conclusion: The prevalence of smoking among ex-mineworkers is high (79%) in the Transkei region of South Africa.
A Study on Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (COPD) in Ex-mineworkers of the Transkei. A Misunderstood Clinical Condition
Authors: B Meel
Published: December 2021

Background: There is no diagnostic indicative mark for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is a general assessment of the patient leading to a diagnose as COPD. In most cases, there is a mixed picture of severe lung diseases including fibrosis, tuberculosis, silicosis, etc. In fact, COPD is the commonest and terminal entity in the majority of ex-mineworkers who were suffering primarily from the dust-lung-disease which is complex in origin. Objectives: To establish the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases in ex-mineworkers of the Transkei, South Africa. Methodology: During the period of 28 May 1997 to 27 May 1999, 2080, ex-mineworkers were examined at the Benefit Examination Clinic (BEC) in the chest section of Umtata (Mthatha) General Hospital (UGH). Physical examination along with standard chest x-rays were carried out; the mining history of each worker was taken, and identification forms were completed. Results: There were 13% of ex-mineworkers suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Out of them, 56% of the subjects (COPD) were associated with conditions like chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and bronchial asthma. The rest (44%) were associated with other lung diseases like tuberculosis and silicosis. Out of this number, 33% were associated with tuberculosis and 11% with silicosis. Most of the ex-mineworkers were suffering from an association of diseases ranging from simple tuberculosis to silicosis and their secondary effects. Conclusion: Every seventh ex-mineworkers were suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. About half of them were having associated parenchymal diseases like tuberculosis and silicosis.
A case Report on the Estimation of Contractual Damage Caused by a Health and Rural University, South Africa
Authors: BL Meel
Published: December 2021

Background: Contractual claims are mandatory for an employee who has either resigned/died or finished his or her contractual obligations. It is legally binding to an institution according to labor law. Case History: BM was such a victim who has been admired nationally and internationally but dehumanized in his own university through the process of three malicious disciplinary enquiries, two suspensions, forensic auditing, and stoppage of salary and birthday bonus. He was not allowed to go to the forensic pathology laboratory despite of the fact that he was all along a forensic pathologist. The harassment of BM became more rigorous in 2008, although he was victim long before that. The head of faculty was promoted later to a position of a university head. BM had an interest in research so he was publishing prolifically, but that disturbed the balance of the faculty staff as the rest of them contributed very little as per the report of the external assessor.1The harassment was not limited only to mental harassment but also at the same time financial losses to Mr. BM occurred. The Occupational Specific Dispensation (OSD) scale is supposed to be given to every health professional in South Africa who is working in the public sector and registered in Health Professions Council. The OSD scale started in 2009 but was not implemented for Mr. BM. Instead, Mr. BM, underwent a series of disciplinary enquiries. He was cleared all the charges and retired in 2018. The history of his research, contractual damages and other collateral losses are discussed in this report. Conclusion: There is heavy contractual damage which the Department of health and rural university has to pay from 1996 to 2018. This damage refers mainly to the short fall of salary and bonuses along with financial losses related to research.
Effects of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (Tens) and Therapeutic Ultrasound (US) Given Concurrently (Combination Therapy) Versus Consecutively on Pain and Disability in Patients with Osteoarthritis Knee- A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Jisha Kuriakose  , Leah Mohandas  , Sudeep M. J. Pais
Published: December 2021

Background : The severity of pain and disability due to osteoarthritis of the knee can lead to anincrease in replacement surgeries making conservative management important in improving qualityof life. By combining US and TENS, effects of both treatments can be achieved simultaneously alsomaking it time efficient.Objective : To investigate the effects of combination therapy in reducing pain and disability in patientswith OA knee.Method: 26 participants were recruited for the study and were randomly assigned into two groups.Group A received TENS and US as combination therapy. Group B received TENS and US separately.Both groups received the exercise program for 30 minutes per day for 10 days. The pain was measuredby using VAS and WOMAC. Physical function and stiffness was also assessed by using WOMAC scaleon the first and tenth day.Results : Both the groups showed a significant difference in pain outcomes for VAS, physical function,and stiffness in WOMAC (p<0.001) but there was no significant difference seen between the groups(p= 0.5).Conclusion : Both treatment modalities are safe and effective in reducing pain and disability in patientswith OA knee. Combination therapy had an added benefit of achieving the similar result in a shorterperiod as compared to when given consecutively
The Imperatives of Critical Care Physiotherapy
Authors: Babatunde G Ogundunmade
Published: December 2021

Multiple factors make critically ill patients to be on bed with resultant deconditioning of body multisystem.Physiotherapy is an essential part of multidisciplinary team involved in the management ofpatients with critical illness.The rehabilitation plan ensures that the patient is treated with the functionalneeds of the patient in focus. The determinants of implementation of critical care physiotherapy arethe patient’s need, the level of consciousness of the patient and the physical strength of the patient.Physiotherapy in critical care setting provides several benefits for the critically ill. Thus, there isimperatives of critical care physiotherapy.
Effect of Motor Imagery on Hand Function in Parkinson’s Disease: A Pilot Randomised Control Trial
Authors: Mishra Riya  , Anagha Palkar  , Ajay Kumar
Published: December 2021

Background: Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease characterized byprogressiveimpairment of motor skills. Parkinson Disease patients often have poorer fine hand skills, reduced handgrip strength, deficits in prehension which deteriorates autonomy in activities of daily living. This studyassesses the effect of motor imagery on hand function in Parkinson disease.Objective: To assess the effect of Motor Imagery on Hand Function in Parkinson’s Disease patientsusing the Jebsen Taylor Hand Function TestMethod: Subjects with Parkinson’s Disease were randomised in two groups: Control and Experimental.Both groups were assessed using the Jebsen Taylor Hand Function test. The control group receivesconventional treatment consisting of flexibility and strength training whereas the experimental groupreceives Motor imagery combined with conventional treatment. Both groups were reassessed usingthe Jebsen Taylor Hand Function test after 3 weeks. The differences in the group were noted andstatistically analysed.Results: Both groups showed significant improvement in hand function post intervention. Although notstatistically significant, the difference in experimental group was larger than the control group.Conclusion: Motor imagery is a promising tool in neurorehabilitation. Motor imagery can haveadditional benefits when combined with conventional physical therapy to improve hand function inParkinson’s Disease
A Study on Effect of Phonophoresis on the Management of Delayed Onset Muscle Sorenessin Healthy F’emale Adults
Authors: Nigat Fathima P.A  , Hamda Anjum  , Jubairia. P  , Nashwana Kunnil Mohammed  , Sana C
Published: December 2021

Background: Delayed-onset muscle soreness (D OMS) is described as a sensation of pain and stiffnessin skeletal muscle following a session of rigorous or unaccustomed exercise. Many interventions havebeen used in an attempt to prevent delayed onset muscle Soreness. This include stretching, massage,cryotherapy, electrical stimulation, ultrasound, pharmacological agents, and warm up and cool-down.Warm up (Gentle exercise preceding vigorous physical activity) is said to reduce muscle strain injuriesby increasing muscle temperatures and hence muscle compliance. The effectiveness of ultrasound onDOMS shows that ultrasound enhanced the development of DOMS but that this enhancement wasoffset by the anti-inflammatory analgesic action of salicylate phonophoresis. Study aimed to comparethe effectiveness of warm up and phonophoresis on the management of DOMS in healthy female adults.Material & Method: This comparative study was conducted among the 40 subjects of age groupranging frorn 18 to 25 years recruited from Yenepoya University. Prior to participation, the subjectswere explained about the study and obtained an informed consent from all the participants. Tendernesswas measured in 10 minutes 24and 48 hours after exercise by applying a pressure algometer andrecorded the measurementResult: Total of 40 female who consented to be part of study were included and grouped as Group A(Warm-up) and Group B (Phonophoresis). The results of this study showed effect of phonophoresis onDOMS is more than warm up. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean between thetwo groups (p<0.001), warm up and phonophoresis groupConclusion: The study showed that phonophoresis is more effective in alleviating DOMS than warmup.
A Study of Internet Gaming Disorder among Adolescents and It’s Corelation with Age and Gender
Authors: Sidra Arshad  , Rashida Begum
Published: December 2021

Background: To corelate internet gaming disorder with gender and age.Objective: To study internet gaming disorder among adolescents and find it’s correlation with age andgender.Materials and Methods: A correlational design was used. The study was conducted with 100adolescents50 males and 50 females each. 100 adolescents were selected based on the inclusion criteria writtenconsent from children and their parents were taken. Subject demographic data wastaken,and InternetGaming Disorder Scale-20 was used to measure internet gaming disorder.Results: The findings of corelation between IGD-20 scores and gender shows that Males significantlyshowed higher associated with higher scores in Internet Gaming Disorder Scale- 20(r=0.742) andcorelation between IGD-20 scores and age indicate that the respondent’s scores of Internet GamingDisorder scale with Age shows no significant relationship. (r=-.017).Conclusion: The study concluded that among sample population 4% came under the likely disorderof internet gaming according to internet gaming disorder scale (IGD-20). It demonstrates that Malessignificantly showed higher association with higher scores in Internet Gaming Disorder Scale- 20 andscores of Internet Gaming Disorder scale with Age shows no significant relationship.
Correlation between Vitamin D and Heel Pain in Healthy Adults During Covid-19 in South Gujarat: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Snehal Patel  , Vanshika Kikani  , Madhavi Dholiya  , Binjal Diyora  , Megha Sakariya  , Harsh Patel
Published: December 2021

Background: Vitamin D is been traditionally known as anti-ricketic factor or sunshine vitamin. Vitamin D isa fat-soluble vitamin and its synthesis in the body is dependent on multiple factors like latitude, atmosphericpollution, clothing, skin pigmentation duration and time of exposure to sunlight. Assessment of vitamin D statusof an individual is best reflected by measurement of circulating vitamin D metabolites. 2 metabolites S, namely25, hydroxyvitamin D 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D. Exposure to sunlight is responsible for physiological productionof vitamin D endogenously in the skin from 7 dehydrocholesterol present in the subcutaneous fat. Vitamin Ddeficiency prevails in epidemic proportion all over the India subcontinent with a prevalence of 70%-100% in thegeneral population. Association of vitamin D deficiency with a variety of nonspecific bone pain particularly inwomen. Vitamin D deficiency was recently suggested to trigger chronic disease. Planter heel pain is a commonmusculoskeletal foot disorder that can have a negative impact on activities of daily living and it is of multifactorialetiology. Pathogenesis of planter heel pain is considered to be excessive cumulative strain at the enthesis ofthe plantar facia. Low vitamin D levels have been associated with an increased in inflammatory cytokines anda significantly increased risk of pneumonia viral upper respiratory tract infections. Experimental reports haveshown vitamin D has a role in reducing the risk of COVID-19 including consideration of the fact that the outbreakoccurred in winter and the fact the vitamin D deficiency contributes to acute respiratory distress syndrome andcase-fatality rates increased with age and with chronic disease co-morbidity, both of which are associated with alower 1,25(OH)2D co-contraction.Aim of Study: Aim of the study is to find correlation between vitamin D and heel pain in healthy adults.Objective: To determine if there is correlation between vitamin D and heel pain in healthy adults.Materials and Methods: 108 patients were assessed using NPRS for heel pain and also assessed for Vitamin Dusing lap reports in south Gujarat. The method of the sampling was convenient. All the subjects were familiarizedabout the whole procedure.Results: The result showed negative correlation (p=0.023) between vitamin D and heel pain in healthy adults.The subjects used in the study was male and female age of 15 to 60. Lab reports was used to check vitamin D andNPRS was used to assess the heel pain. The level of the significance is 0.023 (<0.05) for vitamin D and heel pain.Conclusion: The result of the study showed negative correlation between heel pain and vitamin D in healthyadults. By increasing the sun exposure and intake of vitamin D medicine heel pain can be decreased in healthyadults. For clinical purpose, physical therapist can advise the patient who have heel pain to go for vitamin Dtesting.
To Study the Effect of Smartphone Multitasking on Dynamic Balance in Young Adults
Authors: Wagisha Stuti  , Priyanka Sharma  , Yash Pratap  , Neeraj Kumar
Published: December 2021

The objectives of this research was to see how using smartphone functions during gait affected dynamicbalance. From a university, a sample of 100 subjects was taken. Four types of gait tasks were given:General Gait (to walk without any task); Task Gait 1 (to walk while chatting through text); Task Gait2 (to walk while web surfing and hearing music) and Task Gait 3 (to walk while playing an onlinemultiplayer videogame). The conditions were the same for all the experiments. The subjects usedearphones for listening to music and having conversation during games. The sequence of tasks wasnot done in systematic manner. The Timed Up and Go (TUG) test was used to assess dynamic balance.After three repetitions of the tasks, the mean of the measured values was analysed. In the TUG tests,there were statistically significant unfavourable differences. Use of smartphone features during walkingaffects dynamic balance of a person. As a result, when ambulating, using various features of a cellphone may result in falls and injuries.
Why Lycospora dominated many Pennsylvanian spore assemblages
Authors: Thomas Barry A.
Published: December 2021

The microspore genus Lycospora in its wider sense is produced by both heterosporous cones, Flemingites, and homosporous cones Lepidostrobus. Calculations are made of the number of microspores that are produced by cones and then by individual Pennsylvannian arborescent lycophytes. The distribution of the rooting rhizohores, Stigmaria can be extrapolated to a square kilometre of forest. A calculation of the number of spores produced in such a forest is enormous which explains why some dispersed spore floras are dominated by these spores. There are dispersed spore assemblages prepared from coal with high percentages of Lycospora. However, the methods of preparation and counting of the spores do not give enough information to make a meaningful calculation of their total numbers in the samples.
Financial statements as the main source of information on the enterprise activity
Authors: OVSIUK Nina , SHALIIEVSKA Zhanna , HULKO Kateryna
Published: December 2021

The essence of effective management of each business entity depends primarily on transparency and disclosure of information about its financial and economic activities. The financial report itself covers all important information about the state of the enterprise and provides an opportunity to obtain financial status with it by the interested user for further analysis and decision-making on further activities. As a rule, investors of creditors, state bodies, representatives who are preparing in construction with the business entity are interested in financial reporting. In order to provide more detailed and informative financial reporting to users, it is necessary to compile it with international standards, which act as tools for globalization of the economy and contribute to the development of global economic relations.
During 2020–2021, the activities of enterprises took place in extremely difficult conditions, which is why the pandemic significantly affected the financial reporting indicators. Today, there is an appropriate use of intelligent technology and computer technology in the formation of financial statements. Financial statements based on taxonomies of financial statements for IFRS are prepared and presented in a single electronic format using Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL). XBRL is a generally accepted international standard for presenting financial statements in accordance with IFRS in electronic form.
With the help of IFRS, Ukrainian companies have more effectively solved the following tasks: attracting investments and loans from the world's largest companies and banks, the ability to service financing from foreign banks and other organizations; placement of shares on international stock exchanges; providing the company's management with reliable information for making management decisions, as well as evaluating their adoption. Thus, today the economy of Ukraine depends on the choice of IFRS as a conceptual basis for accounting and its practical implementation. After all, the financial statements are fully open to internal and external users to make informed management decisions regarding cooperation with the relevant entity.
Cryptocurrency as a payment agent
Authors: PYLYPENKO Viktoriia , HALAI Mykhailo , KOSIAK Ihor
Published: December 2021

The paper examines the essence of cryptocurrency as a method of payment has been investigated and identifies its key features (exchange for goods or services; exchange for classic currency; payment for goods and services; minimum level of possibility of abduction; payments, fast and direct transactions; investment asset; business development in cryptocurrency). Different approaches to determining the legal nature of cryptocurrency are analyzed (cryptocurrency as a method of payment; cryptocurrency as a foreign currency; cryptocurrency as a financial asset; cryptocurrency as a financial pyramid). The conclusions of the EU court, the courts of the national system on the use of cryptocurrency as a means of payment are analyzed. The legal nature of cryptocurrency is determined through the prism of world practices of its use. The possibility of using cryptocurrencies in terms of their ability to perform the basic functions of money is analyzed. The paper examines two attempts of legislators to regulate the issues of taxation, legal nature and legal regulation of cryptocurrency in 2019 and 2020. Attention is also paid to the relevant institutions where you can pay with cryptocurrencies, namely: “Spendabit”, “CoinATMRadar”, exchange office in online networks – WebMoney. According to the National Bank of Ukraine, the danger of cryptocurrency transactions is indicated. Examples of the main risks associated with the purchase, sale, exchange and conversion of cryptocurrencies are given (possibility of loss of funds due to theft, possibility of fraud, lack of infrastructure, significant price fluctuations of cryptocurrencies, lack of guarantees for return of invested funds in cryptocurrencies). In conclusion, attention is drawn to the need for legislative regulation of the essence of cryptocurrency for further effective evolution.
Development and preconditions of motivation mechanism creation in the conditions of globalization
Authors: RADCHENKO Oleksandr , MELESHKO Semen
Published: December 2021

The paper highlights the characteristic features of labor motivation, its economic essence and the state at the present stage of the national economy development in the conditions of globalization. During the research the main factors of creation and management of motivation mechanism were revealed. In the conditions of further transformation of the national economy, which is accompanied by political and social instability, the problem of motivation and creation of motivation mechanism at national enterprises of all forms of ownership has become even more urgent. As a result of the study, particular attention was paid to the identification of the tools for effective management of motivation processes, which determine deep systemic changes in the conditions of national economy reform. An improved methodology for evaluating the results of effective development of mechanisms of motivation procedures and rules regulating interaction between the company’s management and its subordinates has been developed. Based on the analysis of the results of the study, the current state of motivation instruments is defined as a precondition for modernization of the national economy and increase of its competitiveness in the conditions of influence of globalization factors. The main methods and methods of motivation of work are systematized and their essence is disclosed. It has been proved that the efficiency of management and achievement of the general goals of the enterprise require the use of effective mechanisms of labor behavior of employees of the company, which would ensure harmonious coordination of their activity and encourage effective performance of established functions according to the defined goals and tasks. One such mechanism is a well-grounded and efficient motivation system that allows targeted impact on the behavior of employees in accordance with the needs of the organization in the context of globalization.
Polylactic acid/multi walled carbon nanotubes (PLA/MWCNT) nanocomposite for 3D printing of medical devices
Authors: Cardona Salcedo Manuel Alejandro , Oropeza Guzmán Mercedes Teresita , Moreno Grijalva Grecia Isis , Zizumbo López Arturo , Paz González Juan Antonio , Gochi Ponce Yadira
Published: December 2021

In recent years, the composite nanomaterials area has had a great development impact in health sciences. Biomaterials depict as one of the most promising since they are compatible with additive manufacturing (AM) techniques. It is also possible to use them to mold specific medical parts. Composite nanomaterials have shown good biocompatibility and low toxicity to have benefits equal to or greater than metals (i.e., Co-Cr alloy). The purpose of this study is to develop a nanocomposite biomaterial (PLA/MWCNTf) from Polylactic Acid (PLA) and functionalized Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTf) to evidence its potential application in 3D printing of orthopedic fixation devices. PLA/MWCNTf nanocomposite was prepared by solution blending technique, incorporating a proportion of 0.5 wt% of MWCNTf to the PLA matrix. TGA analysis of the PLA/MWCNTf was used to determine the thermal stability, a slight increase was found compared to the PLA.  FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of carboxylic acid groups in the MWCNTf which improves good incorporation of the nanotubes in the PLA matrix. Additionally, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, and AFM micrographs were used to verify MWCNTf reached the PLA surface homogeneously. Additive manufacturing preparation was done by extrusion molding of PLA/MWCNTf as well as its 3D printing.
Efecto del microcrédito en el bienestar socioeconómico del sector transporte urbano, Chachapoyas, Amazonas
Authors: Tinedo Luis
Published: December 2021

El artículo determina el efecto del microcrédito en el bienestar socioeconómico del sector transporte urbano de la ciudad de Chachapoyas, Amazonas. Para ello, se empleó los métodos inductivo - deductivo y analítico – sintético, de tipo descriptivo, además, se combinan técnicas de investigación cuantitativa, donde el instrumento de recolección de datos empleados fue el cuestionario. En tal sentido, el tipo de muestreo fue por conveniencia recopilando información de 94 transportistas. Los resultados   evidencian que los ingresos familiares se incrementaron en un rango de S/ 2000 a S/ 4000, por lo tanto, las familias presentaron mejoras en las condiciones de vivienda, adquisición de activos, demanda por tecnologías digitales y formación educativa básica. En conclusión, el microcrédito tiene un efecto positivo en el bienestar socioeconómico, donde se destaca el crecimiento del ingreso familiar y la mejora de la calidad educativa de los niños y adolescentes.
Competitiveness of self-employed professions
Authors:   Synergy University, Bondareva Natalia A. , Plyasova Svetlana V. ,   Synergy University
Published: December 2021

The Russian Federation has established and introduced a tax on professional activities (NAP) as part of the development of special tax systems, but the competitiveness of the professions offered by the tax legislation is not taken into account. The authors determined the purpose of the study: the expediency of using the professions specified in the tax legislation to provide services for personal, domestic and (or) other similar needs, For this purpose the following tasks were solved: the place of the NDP in the aggregate of all existing special tax regimes of the Russian Federation was considered; a comparative analysis of the application of taxation of self-employed citizens in Russia and abroad, in particular, in Germany, is carried out. The study uses methods of statistical observation, comparison, and analysis. It is revealed that during the period of use of the NDP, although the number of entrepreneurs has increased, but budget revenues are insignificant. The comparison of the lists of professions showed that the professions allowed for use by self-employed citizens (freelancers) in Germany differ from the Russian ones established by law: they are competitive in the economy. Self-employed citizens must confirm their professions with diplomas, belong to professional associations, associations, be sure to study at advanced training courses, compete with an employee. The analysis of the reasons for the use of the NAP regime by individuals in Russia showed that professional activity within the regime is forced and is aimed at obtaining additional, rather than basic, earnings, as in GermanAs a result of the study, it was found that the professions specified in the legislation of Russia are not competitive. It is proposed to change the list of NPA professions taking into account special professional education and competitiveness in the labor market.
Development of the professional standard of the entrepreneur as a condition for increasing the efficiency of involving youth in entrepreneurship
Authors:   Synergy University, Rubin Yury B.
Published: December 2021

The article examines the issues of increasing the efficiency of involving Russian youth in entrepreneurship on a professional basis. The possibilities of creating a professional standard for an entrepreneur and the formation of its content are analyzed. For the first time, a substantiation of the specifics of professional entrepreneurship inherent in the 3rd level of entrepreneurial qualifications is given. The author provides the rationale for the functional map of the professional standard of an entrepreneur with the third level of professional qualifications. For the first time, it is given a detailed substantiation of the labor functions of entrepreneurs for the current business, creating their own business, conducting start-ups of new business projects, qualitative and quantitative business development, stopping entrepreneurship up to the liquidation of their own business. It is substantiated that the listed functions are of a labor nature and are characteristic exclusively for entrepreneurship as a special type of professional activity. It is proved that the solution of entrepreneurial problems constitutes the active basis of the content of entrepreneurship as a type of professional activity. The content and objects of labor knowledge and skills necessary for the implementation of labor functions inherent in entrepreneurship as a type of professional activity and the performance of labor actions in entrepreneurship are revealed, which is essential for the formation of the planned results of entrepreneurship learning.
The phenomenon of corrupt pricing. On some aspects of institutional regulation (experience of the Russian Federation)
Authors:   Synergy University, Osipenko Oleg V.
Published: December 2021

Based on the study of Russian economic and corporate governance practice, as well as the judicial practice corresponding to it in the zone of the selected problematic, the article undertakes a fragmentary analysis of the phenomenon called by the author “corruption pricing” - the formation by the competent management bodies of companies and their interconnected groups of prices for relevant goods, works and services that, according to the initial perception and formal criteria, satisfy the parties of the transaction, however, upon a more thorough analysis, they turn out to be inconsistent with the interests of significant agents of the corporation system, including title co-owners and beneficiaries of business entities, realizing exclusively the interests of a narrow group of persons, capable of unfairly influencing on the legal process of price formation. Turning to specific cases, the author puts forward a hypothesis regarding the inevitability of institutional restrictions of the freedom of pricing in a market (non-state) pricing zone, predetermined by the circumstances of the objective discrepancy between the motives of investment and professional participation in entrepreneurial activity in general and management practice, in particular, of its various subjects - business owners and service providers. their top managers, majority and minority investors, personnel and administration, customers and service providers in the order of outsourcing and the associated need for a creative interpretation of the principles of integrity and reasonableness and their summarizing principle - economic justice.
On normative fixation of rector's competence in management of the competitiveness of Russian universities
Authors:   Synergy University, Vasilev Artem I.
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes the Russian educational and labor legislation, as well as qualification guides and professional standards, in order to determine the regulatory and legal definition of the competence of the heads of Russian universities in managing the competitiveness of educational organizations. The author relies on official sources describing and qualifying the rector’s professional activities in university management in order to identify the requirements for professional managerial competencies that make up the core of the professional leadership of an educational organization, which directly ensure the competitiveness of the university. The author quotes the main legislative provisions establishing the professional status of the rector of a university – the head of a Russian university. As a result of the analysis of legal norms and norms of qualification reference books and professional standards, the author comes to the conclusion that the strategically important competences of higher and secondary leaders of educational organizations to ensure the competitiveness of higher education organizations are currently not represented in the Russian Federation either in qualification reference books or in professional standards. Neither in the state educational standards, nor in the regulatory legal acts of labor and educational legislation. The article concludes with the author’s suggestions and recommendations on the normative reflection in the competences of the heads of Russian universities of the competence in managing the competitiveness of an educational organization.
Prospects for the introduction of intellectual resources in the digital environment of commercial entrepreneurship
Authors:   Synergy University, Chernukhina Galina N. , Khramova Alisa V. ,   Synergy University
Published: December 2021

The relevance and practical significance of the research is determined by the increasing role of intellectual resources in the conditions of digitalization of entrepreneurship. Along with other types, intellectual resources determine the competitiveness of trade enterprises and act as a key factor in their development. One of the main features that characterize the modern economy is a high level of competition, which ultimately leads to the need to maximize the use of all available resources, actively introduce innovative technologies, and quickly adapt to changing market conditions. The scope of the study is expanded by the fact that during the coronavirus pandemic, commercial entrepreneurship in Russia was greatly transformed. suffered and transformed. The pandemic has pushed commerce to online platforms, and contributed to the development of a favorable environment for e-commerce. Currently, a wide range of digital innovations are used in commercial entrepreneurship. The COVID-19 crisis has accelerated the spread of e-commerce to new firms, customers, and products. This allowed the trade enterprises to continue working, despite the limitations of contacts. At the same time, the possession of intellectual capital has a significant impact on the competitiveness of firms. The importance of intangible assets as a source of competitive advantages is growing rapidly. Blockchain and related technologies are currently relevant, many industries are exploring their capabilities, and new ways to use it are constantly emerging. Since the distributed ledger technology creates a secure, verified, and immutable information chain, it finds application in brand protection and enforcement, and is used to track.
PERFORMA SUKUK RITEL: SEBELUM DAN SAAT TERJADI PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Gustina Nurhayati
Published: December 2021

Sukuk merupakan suatu instrumen keuangan yang diterbitkan baik oleh swasta maupun pemerintah yang nantinya akan digunakan untuk membantu operasional perusahaan atau proyek. Sukuk negara ritel merupakan jumlah lembar sukuk negara ritel yang diperdagangkan di bursa. Sukuk negara ritel diterbitkan untuk membiayai defisit Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara (APBN). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah variabel harga sukuk SR-008 dan SR-010 serta variabel makro ekonomi seperti BI Rate, Inflasi dan Nilai Tukar (Kurs) berpengaruh terhadap keputusan investor dalam meningkatkan performa Sukuk Ritel Negara pada sebelum dan saat terjadi pandemi. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan analisis model VAR (vector autoregressive) dan VECM (vector error correction model) yang di olah dengan program Eviews 10.  Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi data time series.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa performa sukuk ritel negara memiliki hubungan jangka panjang antar variabel Harga Sukuk Ritel, BI Rate, Inflasi dan Kurs terhadap performa sukuk negara ritel ini. Pada hubungan jangka panjang diketahui bahwa variabel BI Rate memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap performa sukuk ritel negara. Sedangkan dalam jangka panjang variabel Inflasi, Harga Sukuk Ritel Negara dan Kurs memiliki pengaruh negatif terhadap performa sukuk ritel negara. Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan menunjukan bahwa variabel harga memiliki pengaruh yang cukup signifikan dalam jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang antar variabel harga terhadap performa sukuk ritel negara itu sendiri. Sedangkan untuk variabel kurs, terdapat pengaruh jangka panjang terhadap sukuk ritel negara, tetapi tidak terlalu berdampak signifikan artinya variabel kurs mempengaruhi keputusan dan jika nilai kurs turun makan dapat mendorong investor untuk berinvestasi dalam sukuk negara ritel, sehingga performa sukuk ritel negara akan meningkat. Pada hasil uji Beda atau Paired Sample T-Test bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara performa sukuk ritel negara sebelum dan saat terjadi pandemi.
The Emission Spectrum of the Hot Jupiter WASP-79b from HST/WFC3
Authors: Foote Trevor O. , Lewis Nikole K. , Kilpatrick Brian M. , Goyal Jayesh M. , Bruno Giovanni , Wakeford Hannah R. , Robbins-Blanch Nina , Kataria Tiffany , MacDonald Ryan J. , López-Morales Mercedes , Sing David K. , Mikal-Evans Thomas , Bourrier Vincent , Henry Gregory , Buchhave Lars A.
Published: December 2021

Here we present a thermal emission spectrum of WASP-79b, obtained via Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 G141 observations as part of the PanCET program. As we did not observe the ingress or egress of WASP-79b’s secondary eclipse, we consider two scenarios: a fixed mid-eclipse time based on the expected occurrence time, and a mid-eclipse time as a free parameter. In both scenarios, we can measure thermal emission from WASP-79b from 1.1 to 1.7 μm at 2.4σ confidence consistent with a 1900 K brightness temperature for the planet. We combine our observations with Spitzer dayside photometry (3.6 and 4.5 μm) and compare these observations to a grid of atmospheric forward models that span a range of metallicities, carbon-to-oxygen ratios, and recirculation factors. Given the strength of the planetary emission and the precision of our measurements, we found a wide range of forward models to be consistent with our data. The best-match equilibrium model suggests that WASP-79b’s dayside has a solar metallicity and carbon-to-oxygen ratio, alongside a recirculation factor of 0.75. Models including significant H− opacity provide the best match to WASP-79b’s emission spectrum near 1.58 μm. However, models featuring high-temperature cloud species—formed via vigorous vertical mixing and low sedimentation efficiencies—with little day-to-night energy transport also match WASP-79b’s emission spectrum. Given the broad range of equilibrium chemistry, disequilibrium chemistry, and cloudy atmospheric models consistent with our observations of WASP-79b’s dayside emission, further observations will be necessary to constrain WASP-79b’s dayside atmospheric properties.
Searching for Diamagnetic Blob Accretion in the 74 day K2 Observation of V2400 Ophiuchi
Authors: Langford Andrew , Littlefield Colin , Garnavich Peter , Kennedy Mark R. , Scaringi Simone , Szkody Paula
Published: December 2021

Since its discovery in 1995, V2400 Ophiuchi (V2400 Oph) has stood apart from most known intermediate polar cataclysmic variables due to its proposed magnetic field strength (9–27 MG) and diskless accretion. To date, the exact accretion mechanism of the system is still unknown, and standard accretion models fail to accurately predict the peculiar behavior of its light curve. We present the K2 Campaign 11 light curve of V2400 Oph recording 74.19 days of photometric data cadenced at 1 minute. The light curve is dominated by aperiodic flickering and quasiperiodic oscillations, which make the beat and spin signals inconspicuous on short timescales. Notably, a log–log full power spectrum shows a break frequency at ∼102 cycles d−1 similar to some disk-fed systems. Through power-spectral analysis, the beat and spin periods are measured as 1003.4 ± 0.2 s and 927.7 ± 0.1 s, respectively. A power spectrum of the entire K2 observation demonstrates beat period dominance. However, time-resolved power spectra reveal a strong dependence between observation length and the dominant frequency of the light curve. For short observations (2–12 hr) the beat, spin, or first beat harmonic can be observed as the dominant periodic signal. Such incoherence and variability indicate a dynamical accretion system more complex than current intermediate polar theories can explain. We propose that a diamagnetic blob accretion model may serve as a plausible explanation for the accretion mechanism.
Terrestrial Planet Optical Phase Curves. I. Direct Measurements of the Earth
Authors: De Cock Roderick , Livengood Timothy A. , Stam Daphne M. , Lisse Carey M. , Hewagama Tilak , Deming L. Drake
Published: December 2021

NASA’s EPOXI mission used the Deep Impact spacecraft to observe the disk-integrated Earth as an analog to terrestial exoplanets’ appearance. The mission took five 24 hr observations in 2008–2009 at various phase angles (57.°7–86.°4) and ranges (0.11–0.34 au), of which three equatorial (E1, E4, E5) and two polar (P1, North and P2, South). The visible data taken by the HRIV instrument ranges from 0.3 to 1.0 μm, taken trough seven spectral filters that have spectral widths of about 100 nm, and which are centered about 100 nm apart, from 350 to 950 nm. The disk-integrated, 24 hr averaged signal is used in a phase angle analysis. A Lambertian-reflecting, spherical planet model is used to estimate geometric albedo for every observation and wavelength. The geometric albedos range from 0.143 (E1, 950 nm) to 0.353 (P2, 350 nm) and show wavelength dependence. The equatorial observations have similar values, while the polar observations have higher values due to the ice in view. Therefore, equatorial observations can be predicted for other phase angles, but (Earth-like) polar views (with ice) would be underestimated.