bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Reuse of Dry Water to Store Methane in a Hydrate Form
Authors: Hu Gao Wei , Ye Yu Guang , Li Cheng Feng , Liu Chang Ling , Meng Qing Guo
Published: June 2012

Dry water (DW) is a powder composed of hydrophobic silica surrounding tiny water droplets. It’s recently demonstrated to be an effective medium for storage methane in a hydrated form. But the recyclability of DW is not so clear at present. Here we used a dedicated pressure cell to form four dry water methane hydrates samples (DW-MH), corresponding to four cycle-types of hydrate formation and dissociation, to investigate the reuse of dry water. The results show that part of water escape from DW and become “free water” after DW-MH is dissociated. The free water is hard to form hydrate during the next cycle of hydrate formation. As a result, the gas storage capacity of DW-MH decreases dramatically as the using times of DW increases.
Vitrification of Nuclear Wastes by Complex Sol-Gel Process
Authors: Deptula Andrzej , Milkowska Magdalena , Lada Wieslawa , Olczak Tadeusz , Wawszczak Danuta , Smolinski Tomasz , Brykala Marcin , Chmielewski Andrzej G. , Zaza Fabio , Goretta Kenneth C.
Published: June 2012

For synthesis of silica glasses designed to contain high-level nuclear wastes，a patented complex sol-gel process has been used. Surrogates of the nuclear waste elements Cs, Sr, Co, and Nd (generically denoted Me) were used. Gels in the forms of powders and sintered compacts were prepared by hydrolysis and polycondensation of tetraethoxide/Me nitrate solutions, which contained ascorbic acid as a catalyst. Transformation to final products was studied by thermogravimetric analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Preliminary testing of Me leaching was also completed in water. Most of the final products were porous; only a single dense form was resistant to leaching.
Effects of Biological Mordant on Composting Process of Duck Manure
Authors: Li Xia , Xie Jian Zhi
Published: June 2012

The composting experiment was conducted to study the dynamics of indices (temperature, Moisture content，seed germination index) during composing process, which lasted 50 days, used duck manure mixed with corn straw or (and) reed skin, with biological agents in the compost. The results showed that it was feasible to compost with duck manure. During the composting, treatment DCI and DRI which add biological agent, temperature increased rapidly to 50°C on the 4d and 6d, the high temperature stage could maintain for 15 and 13 days. In addition, germination index of Cabbage seeds in compostwas up to 86.28% and 81.38% respectively, after composting for 35 days, one or two weeks early than the normal treatment DC and treatment DR. The treatment group of nutrient content are present the increasing trend, the highest nutrient groupwas treatment DCI, the increased proportions of N, P, K ,available phosphorus and available potassium accounted for 20.24%, 6.74%, 21.00%, 20.41% and 20.66% respectively. Comprehensive nutrition quality and efficiency of compost, duck manure mixed with corn straw compost effect was better than that with reed skin caboodle corruption. That duck manure as raw material to produce organic fertilizer fermented, is useful to solve regional livestock solid waste, and may have great significance on change Bai-yangdian regional environment.
Electromagnetic Shielding Boards Produced with Tetra Paks Waste & Metal Fibers
Authors: Xu Chang Yan , Liu Jie , Zhu Xu Dong
Published: June 2012

Just like other paper/plastic/aluminum (PPA) composites, Tetra Pak-package-material (Tetra Paks) has excellent water and vapor barrier abilities, and is widely used in food and beverage packaging industry. However, serious environmental problem follows due to its long service life. In this paper, a novel electromagnetic shielding composite board was developed with recycled Tetra Paks and copper-iron mixed fibers. The influence of Cu/Fe ratio and mat configuration on board shielding effectiveness (SE), volume resistivity (VR) and mechanical properties were investigated. The results showed that the boards with copper-iron mixed fiber layers showed better electromagnetic shielding performance than those with only iron or copper fiber layer. The SE of the boards was improved with higher copper fiber content. The location of the metal fiber layers in the mat had a significant influence on board electromagnetic shielding performance. A symmetrical sandwich structure was found beneficial to better shielding performance, and in the same condition of wave frequency and shielding material thickness, the shielding system with a Fe core exhibited better shielding performance than that with a Cu core. The ratio of Cu/Fe and the configuration of mat both had significant influences on mechanical properties of the boards. It can be concluded that qualified electromagnetic shielding composite board could be produced with Tetra Paks wastes and copper-iron mixed fibers. Showing both environmental and economic values, this type of board could be considered as an alternative material used in packaging, interior finish, furniture, and other applications.
Experimental Research on Protein Extraction from Excess Activated Sludge by Papain Hydrolysis
Authors: Zhang Wen Feng , Su Rui Jing , Guo Guang Lin , Li Deng Xin
Published: June 2012

The excess activated sludge from the Shanghai Qingpu sewage treatment plant was hydrolyzed by papain hydrolysis to extract protein. The results showed that the conditions of optimal papain hydrolysis process are described as follows: enzyme/substrate 6%, pH 6.5, the ratio of liquid to solid 4:1, hydrolysis time 5.5h and hydrolysis temperature 55 °C. On this basis, the contents of heavy metals and some kinds of amino acid from the extracts, while security and nutrition were taken into consideration, were determined. The results showed that the contents of heavy metals were lower, living up to the Health Standard for Animal Feed (China), and some kinds of amino acid were essential for animal growth in the extracts. So it was possible to take the extracts as animal feed additives.
Influence of Cowl on the Spatial Distribution of Oxygen in Semi-Aerobic Landfill
Authors: Zhao Ling , Zhao Chao
Published: June 2012

To elevate the air flow rate in vent pipes of semi-aerobic landfill, promote oxygen transmit into waste and methane mitigation, a wind-driven cowl was fixed on one of the two semi-aerobic landfills’ vent pipe. With the aim of figuring out the influence of cowl on the spatial distribution of oxygen under different climates, wind speeds were set at 3 m/s, 5 m/s, 7 m/s and 0 m/s sequentially. Oxygen concentrations and temperatures were recorded once a week. Data from experimental results indicated that oxygen concentrations went up along with the height above the bottom of landfill after deducting the oxygen transported by leachate collection pipes. Average oxygen concentrations except the surface layer were 3.5%, 4.2%, 3.8%, 3.0% for S-A with cowl and 2.9%, 3.4%, 3.7%, 3.0% for S-A under the wind speeds of 3 m/s, 5 m/s, 7 m/s, 0 m/s, respectively. Meantime, the aerobic radius in S-A with cowl were 0.84 m, 1.01 m, 0.87 m, 0.62 m and 0.76 m, 0.84 m, 0.87 m, 0.65 m in S-A. The effect of the cowl on oxygen transmission maximized at the wind speed of 5 m/s. It is clearly that wind energy can be better used on enhancing the ventilation in vent pipe and expanding aerobic radius after application of cowl.
On the Pyrolysis of Sewage Sludge: The Influence of Pyrolysis Temperature on Biochar, Liquid and Gas Fractions
Authors: Lu Tao , Yuan Hao Ran , Zhou Shun Gui , Huang Hong Yu , Noriyuki Kobayashi , Chen Yong
Published: June 2012

Pyrolytic conversion of sewage sludge to biochar, oil and gas is an environmentally and economically acceptable way comparable to conventional options for sewage sludge disposal. The aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of pyrolysis temperature on production of biochar fraction for agronomic application, oil and gas fractions for energy utilization. Sewage sludge samples collected from an urban sewage treatment plant were pyrolysed in a bench–scale quartz tubular furnace over the temperature range of 300-700°C.The results indicated that the biochar fraction yield decreased, the yields of liquid (oil and water) fraction and gas fraction increased by evaluating the pyrolysis temperature. Concentration of heavy metals and nutrient elements present in biochar varied with pyrolysis temperature, the heating value of oil from liquid fraction fluctuated between 26938.3 and 30757.9kJ/kg, the heating value of gas fraction increased from 4012kJ/Nm3 to 12077 kJ/Nm3 with the increasing pyrolysis temperature.
Rare Earth-Containing Waste Generated in Production and its Environmental Impact Analysis — Based on the Findings of Baotou Region, Inner Mongolia
Authors: Li Xiang Qian , Liu Zheng Yan , Mao Xian Qiang , Hu Tao , Wu Yu Ping , Qian Yi
Published: June 2012

The article is based on the survey of rare earth enterprises in Baotou region, Inner Mongolia, analyzes the sorts of rare earth-containing waste produced in rare earth production and their environmental impact. The main sorts of rare earth-containing waste include: low-grade ore generated in the mining sector, tailings from mineral concentrating; water-soaked residue generated in smelting and separating sectors, and solid waste from functional material producing sectors. The low-grade ore has a certain degree of radioactivity, if the economic and technological conditions allowed it also can be used to produce rare-earth. Tailings from mineral concentrating, in addition to radioactivity, it also produces environment pollution to atmosphere, soil and water. However, these tailings are not waste, but the second rare earth mine. Water-soaked residue is radioactive hazardous waste, now stored in line with disposal regulations. Solid wastes from functional materials producing have been recycled and have less impact on the environment.
Research of Value Analysis Oriented End of Life Vehicle Dismantling and Recycling Process
Authors: Zhou Zi Qiang , Tan Han Mo , Dai Guo Hong
Published: June 2012

With rapid increasing of the vehicle population of China, The treatment of End-of-life Vehicle (ELV) becomes a serious social problem. Because the situation of ELV, labor cost and the condition of facilities of China are different from the developed countries, the technologies and the recycling process used by the developed countries can not be simply imported to China without any change. In this paper, the recycling processes of the developed counties are analyzed firstly. And then, the shortage and the advantage of the Chinese recycling factories are discussed. According to it, a scheme of ELV recycling process is presented. And three value analyzing models are illustrated which include: (1) model of ELV to raw materials; (2) model of intermediate scrap to product; (3) model of remanufacturing. In the end, the facilities used for EVL recycling factories based on this process are discussed too.
Review of Disposal of Concentrate Streams from Nanofiltration (NF) or Reverse Osmosis (RO) Membrane Process
Authors: Li Xin Yang , Zhang Li Wei , Wang Cheng Wen
Published: June 2012

In the field of wastewater treatment and water recycling, Concentrates of NF and RO membrane process are the huge issue, which severely hindered wide application of NF and RO system. Therefore, the proper treatments of concentrates are needed. The current work reviewed the disposal method of the concentrates from four aspects: 1) discharge, 2) waste minimization, 3) innocuous treatment, and 4) recycling. The prospects of disposal of concentrates were also analyzed. To some extent, concentrates from NF or RO membrane are the valuable resources. In the further, exploring suitable and highly effective technologies to utilize concentrate as resources is promising.
The Industry of Municipal Solid Waste in China: The Current Situation and the Countermeasures
Authors: Chen Yu Hong , Cen Hai Tang , Zhang Bao Cheng
Published: June 2012

Municipal solid waste (MSW) is a common problem for the mankind. Chinese MSW disposal is characterized with an intense population, the limited land resources, complex composing in MSW, coupled with a weaker environmental awareness and poor public administration. This paper introduces the features and its current situations of the waste industry, analyzes the superficial phenomenon, the underlying factors and the dilemma of the waste proposal industry. The author holds that the hard part of MSW proposal lies in sorting; the focal point community and the core issue management. It is of vital importance to 1) realize the significance of waste sorting, and strengthen the sorting management; 2) highlight the community’s function; 3) standardize the recycling system; 4) perfect the processing system; 5) regulate the industry; 5) establish the industrial development mechanism.
Design of a Small Medical Waste Pyrolysis Furnance
Authors: Han Jun Shu , Wang Zheng , Wu Li Hua , Wu Chao , Zhang Wen Chang
Published: June 2012

In this paper, a small medical waste pyrolysis furnance, which could disposal 1t wastes, is designed for the safe disposal of medical wastes, by in-depth research of pyrolysis, detailed calculation analysis, and considering the experimental results and other factors in general. The flue gas treatment system of the small medical waste pyrolysis furnance is designed applying 3T principle, and the dioxin’s later synthesis is controlled, so the dioxin emissions problem is also resolved. The results show that the small furnance has reasonable configuration, works reliably, and it could self-support freely, its emissions meet the national standards for the dioxin emissions 0.213 ng/m3.
The Progress of Waste Filter Bag Recycling and Reusing
Authors: Zhou Yun , Ning Xun An
Published: June 2012

The recycle and reuse of waste filter bags will be a important research direction for renewable resource. A huge quantity can be seen in the waste bag filters with the more widely used of the bag type dust collector, Therefore, it has become an urgent issue to seek a comprehensive utilization method for waste bag filters. This article analyses the domestic market situation of filter bags and causes of waste bags and the treatment and disposal of the waste filter bag. The recycling methods and approaches of the relevant problems in the waste bag disposal has been described, the result shows a positive study on rational and effective measures for the treatment and disposal of waste filter bag has a very important significance.
Waste Military Air Material Reverse Logistics System Multi-Objective Incentive and Monitoring Mechanism
Authors: Wang Ke , Jiang Da Li , Liu Jun , Zhang Li
Published: June 2012

In this article, based on the principal-agent theory and introducing an auxiliary observing variable sets up an optimal model of principal-agent relationship between the waste military air materials reverse logistics demand side and the logistics service provider，and analyzes the principal-agent problems in the waste military air materials reverse logistics such as moral hazard and incentive monitoring mechanism designing owing to the asymmetric information．Furthermore，the papers analyzes the agent costs of outsourcer and incentive intensity coefficient of provider and points out that the designing of incentive monitoring mechanism for provider must reflect the influences of provider specialty the change of external environment and the agent costs of the waste military air materials reverse logistics demand side.
Impact of the Three Gorges Reservoir Flood Prevention Dispatching Tohydrologic Information and Disaster Information in Dongting Lake Area
Authors: Li Jing Bao , Guo Ying Chao , Zhao Zhong Hua , Shuai Hong , Xie Lei
Published: June 2012

Use the flood years (1998、2010) the data of the hydrologic information and disaster information, comparative analysis the impact on hydrologic information and disaster information in Dongting Lake area of the Three Gorges Reservoir flood prevention dispatching .The results show that: the inflow of lake into Jingjiang Sankou reduces about 242.61 × 108 m3,the flood level of Hukou Chenglingji lowers 0.82m, the daily average increasing rate of flood peak level slows 0.23m, the over-warning water level duration time reduces 62d; both have saved a great deal of flood control emergency rescue and disaster relief material consumption, manpower input, namely RMB 0.638 x 108yuan, and reduce the lake area flood damage 19.983 x 108yuan; in the process of 5 times flood prevention dispatching of the Three Gorges Reservoir, three times in July to alleviate flood control operation regime, disaster in Dongting Lake area the contribution of the largest, flood control operation effect is not very sensitive in June, and the impound floodwater sums to 80.7×108m3, not only of the lake area is no sense of flood control, but also because the flood retention of reservoir is more, the water of Sankou into the lake is greatly reduced, and Hunan sishui has begun to enter withered period, total amount into the lake gradually reduce, make the Dongting Lake water into withered period early; the ability of the Three Gorges Reservoir flood prevention dispatching operation to the flood prevention function is very limited, from the overall and long-term ways ,to enhance their ability of flood prevention and disaster alleviation of Dongting Lake area is still an important and comprehensive affairs.
Improved Unsteady Water Quality Model for Plain River Network and its Application
Authors: Su Fei , Dong Zeng Chuan , Xu Hai Bo
Published: June 2012

For the problems of unsteady water quality change caused by complicated flow in a plain river network a nonlinear flow calculation model is applied to adapt different hydrological conditions, and flow adjustment factor is introduced to water quality calculation model based on the upwind difference schema. The flow adjustment factor forms are given with different flow direction in a river. The parameters of the water quality calculation model are calibrated and validated by observed data in the study area. The results show that the improved water quality calculation model has high simulation accuracy and reliability. Aiming at the serious water pollution in the local area of the plain river network, four combination schemes on water diversion and reduction of pollution load are calculated, and the water quality improvement effect analyzed. The practice provides a feasible calculation way for unsteady water quality change in the plain river network and scientific decision making for the local government.
Seismic Vulnerability of Buried Water Pipes
Authors: Fatma Zohra Halfaya , Bensaibi Mahmoud , Luc Davenne
Published: June 2012

In south hemisphere regions mortality rates are closely related to infectious diseases that, to a large degree, depend on the quality of water consumed and on access to adequate sanitation services. A special attention must be paid to water quality particularly in case of an earthquake. Damage in this sector depends not only on the intensity of the disaster, but also on the vulnerability of buried pipelines. In this work, this vulnerability is studied through the use of a developed vulnerability index. This one allows a good classification and description of the seismic quality of the pipes taking into account the main parameters governing their vulnerability. A program including all informations that might be used was subsequently developed. The method was applied on the water network of Blida, a city in suburb of Algiers. The results obtained show that the established classification confirms the observed information in situ.
Axial Vibration Analysis of Buried Pipeline
Authors: Hao Ting Yue
Published: June 2012

The pipe model is simplified as elastic foundation beam model of Euler-Bernoulli in the paper. The supported forms are fixed support and free support in the analysis of axial vibration. Kelvin viscoelastic foundation model is adopted and the dynamic model of soil spring is regarded as linearity. Applying the principle of Hamilton, the differential equation of axial vibration is deduced. By utilization of the first three-order modal and the orthogoality of main vibration mode, the equations of earthquake excitaiton are discreted and transformed into common form of dynamic equation. A typical numerical example is analyzed by using of the Matlab software.
Optimization of Zinc Oxide Thin Films for Silicon Surface Acoustic Wave Resonator Applications
Authors: Sidek Fatini , Nordin Anis Nurashikin , Othman Raihan
Published: June 2012

High quality ZnO thin films are required to produce CMOS SAW resonators operating with low losses and high Q. This work intends to develop high performance CMOS SAW resonators through optimization of both the quality of the ZnO and the design of the SAW resonator. Zinc oxide was chosen for this work as the piezoelectric material due to its superior acoustic propagation properties and compatibility with integrated circuit fabrication techniques. ZnO has demonstrated good performance characteristics for a variety of piezoelectric devices. For optimization of the quality of the deposited ZnO thin film, different RF-sputtering conditions will be used to investigate which condition produces the best piezoelectric quality of the ZnO thin film. The experiments were carried using Taguchi optimization method, which studies a large number of variables with a small number of experiments.
Evaluation of Sound Environment in the Waiting Halls of Railway Stations
Authors: Meng Qi , Gong Tian Ze , Du Yi Shan
Published: June 2012

Nowadays, the users’ evaluation of sound environment in the railway stations is focused by all kinds of experts. Comparing with other spaces, the waiting hall is usually recognized as the most important space in the railway station. In this study, more than 600 questionnaire survey has been undertaken at 4 waiting halls of railway stations in capital cities of China, to determine how the sound sources and sound pressure level influence acoustic evaluation. More details of acoustic evaluation in the waiting hall of Harbin railway station are given in this paper. Based on the analysis of the investigation results, it has been found that in the waiting halls of railway stations, PA system is generally noticeable and ‘masking’ other less preferred sound sources, while sound from mobiles is preferred by passengers. The relationship between the measured LAeq and the subjective loudness, acoustic comfort evaluation as well as subjective loudness and acoustic comfort are all of a linear shape, and the acoustic comfort is general better when LAeq is lower than 75dBA.
RETRACTED: Low-Order Frequency Response Model in the Application of Frequency Control
Authors: Zheng Gao
Published: June 2012

Retracted paper: This paper introduces a low-order system frequency response model (SFR). SFR model is simplified from other models, which can be used to estimate the frequency response of a large power system, or sudden load disturbance of the island.SFR model is based on the neglecting nonlinear power system of u the units equation, which is controlled by the steam turbine generator . This means that the generator inertia and reheat time constant make system average frequency response. In addition, because of the two time constant , the resulting frequency response can be calculated in the closed loop form, which provides a simple and accurate method to estimate the essential characteristics of the system frequency response.
Implication of Temporal Dynamics of Microbial Abundance and Nutrients to Soil Fertility under Biochar Application – Field Experiments Conducted in a Brown Soil Cultivated with Soybean, North China
Authors: Sun Da Quan , Jun Meng , Zhang Wei Ming , Guan Xue Chao , Huang Yu Wei , Lan Yu , Gao Ji Ping , Chen Wen Fu
Published: June 2012

A short-term experiment was conducted to investigate responses of microbial community composition and nutrients dynamics to biochar-amended brown soil. We examined the effect of biochar on microbial abundance by plate counting method and microbial community composition changes by DGGE, as well as effect on total and available nutrients N, P and K content. Soil pH measurement was also incorporated into our study. The overall results showed that bacterial abundance increased more than actinomycetes, but fungal abundance decreased slightly in biochar amended soil in later sampling times. In terms of microbial community composition, DGGE analysis for bacteria exhibited some specific lanes in biochar treatments. Bacterial community was more sensitive to sampling time, but fungal community was influenced greatly by biochar addition. In our study, total C content increased significantly, as biochar rate and sampling time preceded. Total N increased slightly in later sampling time, and thus C and N ratio increase was obtained. Total P and K changes were not obvious. Extractable N and pH increased. Microbial utilization was assumed to contribute to extractable P and K decrease in later sampling times. Results suggested that biochar incorporation to brown soil might bring potential benefit to soil fertility from N retention in soil. Microbial turnover may feedback P and K to soil as well in the long term. There may also be an implication of beneficial effect on disease alleviation lead by microbial community imbalance.
A Green Route to Mass Production of Anhydrous Triammonium Citrate
Authors: Yang Chun Ming , Zhao Wei Liang , Wang Hong Bo , Zhang Xue Fen
Published: June 2012

Triammonium citrate was manufactured by using neutralization of citric acid solution with liquid ammonia directly. Compared with conventional route using ammonium bicarbonate or aqueous ammonia as neutralizer, the method has advantages of simple technology process, 100% raw materials utilization ratio and totally zero emission during mass production；while the raw materials utilization ratio was only 22.8% and 48.6% for using ammonium bicarbonate or aqueous ammonia as neutralizer under the same conditions. Furthermore, the proposed green route to production of triammonium citrate will save at least 813.3 kJ and 948.4 kJ of energy for manufacturing each kilogram of product than using NH4HCO3 and NH3•H2O (25%) as neutralizer, respectively. Introduction
Clean Synthesis Process of 2,5-Hexanedione
Authors: Zhang Yue , Li Wei Ling , Zong Shuang , Du Hong Xia , Shi Xian Xian
Published: June 2012

A circulating production of 2,5-hexanedione from 2,5-dimethylfuran was studied. The results showed that new technology reduced the environmental pollution, the cost of production and the difficulty of product separation, simultaneously, improved the purity of product. The method requires simple equipment, mild reaction conditions, involved in the safe operation easy, suitable for industrial production, is a more reasonable and more convenient synthesis of circular economy of 2,5-hexanedione method.
Earth-Rock Dam Risk Consequence’s Comprehensive Evaluation under Drought Condition Based on Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Zheng Hao Yao , Sheng Jin Bao , Yang De Wei , Huang Zhi Gang , Cheng Rong Liang
Published: June 2012

This spring a serious drought occurred in some areas of China, which had a great impact to local production, living and economic development. For this severe problem, earth-rock dam’s risk consequence evaluation model under drought condition was proposed, and factors of earth-rock dam risk consequence were analyzed and summarized, using principal component analysis to establish comprehensive evaluation model of earth-rock dam’s risk consequence under drought condition.
Research on Reservoir Outflow Impacting Reservoir Environmental Capacity
Authors: Zhou Fu Chun , Fan Yu Yan , Liu Guo Dong , Zhang Long Hui
Published: June 2012

Reservoir outflow is an important factor not only impacting reservoir flow field, but also affecting reservoir water environmental capacity. This paper, taking a reservoir as an example, makes use of computational fluid dynamics and water quality calculation software calculating the reservoir outflow quality in different discharge width, and calculating the corresponding environmental capacity of the reservoir under different discharge width of the reservoir and the flow concentration. The relationship of the outflow width, outflow discharge and water environmental capacity is analyzed.
Analysis of Interactions between Surface Water and Groundwater by Using Water Chemistry and δD, δ18O — Case Study of Bulang River Basin
Authors: Dong Jia Qiu , Yin Li He
Published: June 2012

There is a close relationship between surface water and groundwater in semi-arid and arid areas of China, and thus researching on the interactions of them is of importance for reasonable water resources development. This paper took Bulang River basin as case study, analysis and discussion were conducted to water chemistry and isotopes tests results of water samples. The results show that surface water in Bulang River basin mainly relies on precipitation recharge, partially on groundwater recharge, the hydrochemistry type of surface water is mainly Ca-HCO3 with low salinity.
Establishing and Application of Ecology-Oriented Water Resources Optimal Allocation Model in Chanba River Basin
Authors: Song Xiao Yu , Li Huai You , Shi Wen Juan
Published: June 2012

In this paper, based on the fact of water resources shortage, environmental degradation in Chanba River basin, using multi-objective optimization theory, we established the ecology-oriented water resources optimal allocation model and achieved the coupling between water quantity and quality. According to supply and demand of water resources in two levels of years (2020, 2030) and the guaranteed rate 75%, developed model parameters (coefficients), called the optimization function to solve it. The model is applied to Chanba River basin, indicating that the model is reasonable, efficient algorithms The optimal allocation model and the results reflect the concept of sustainable development for ecological, economic efficiency and help to improve water supply reliability, the sustainable use of water resources planning and management provides a basis for decision making.
Restoration of Water System in Coalmine Subsided Area with Higher Level of Underground Water — Taking Jiawang Mining Area of Xuzhou as an Example in China
Authors: Li Xin Feng , Wang Jin Man , Wu Ke Ning
Published: June 2012

Due to long-term coal mining, causing ground collapse and water system damage. Therefore, it is necessary to restore the water system in coalmine subsided area with higher level of underground water and put forward the unified mode of restoration. On the basis of investigation and study, through inquiring a large number of references, the study area is divided into two functional areas: Fertile farm belt and Ecological control area. Ecological control area is further divided into deep water ecological lake area, ecological island area and shallow water planting areas. This classification not only make the water resource allot scientifically, but also realize the stereoscopic development. Meanwhile, based on the division of functional areas, it strengthens surface water, groundwater and soil water restoration to realize the restoration of water system. By building an embankment and repairing irrigation and drainage facilities to remove water logging, realizing the restoration of surface water. Establish drainage system with deep and dense ditches, to reduce the groundwater level and prevent crops staying in water for long time. Finally, put forward a filling mode, which the clay-coal gangue, coal ash and sludge are mixed in appropriate proportion when filling soil, to improve the soil reclamation filling. This mode can realize the migration of soil moisture to promote crop growth and improve the output of the land.
Joint Effect of Cadmium and Chlorimuron-Ethyl on Cadmium Accumulation of Wheat
Authors: Jin Cai Xia , Zhou Qi Xing , Fan Jing , Song Xue Ying
Published: June 2012

The joint effects of Cd and Chlorimuron-ethyl(CE) on Cd accumulation in wheat shoot/root and SPT coefficient of Cd was carried out. Cd concentration in shoot and root increased with increasing soil Cd, but Cd concentration in shoot/root was lower than the same treatment when CE was added, and negative relationship between Cd concentration in shoot (root) and concentration of CE were significant (p<0.05 or p<0.01). There was antagonistic effect of Cd and low CE on Cd accumulation in wheat tissues. Cd concentration in shoot decreased during the period of growth, but the concentration of Cd in root increased from the elongation stage to the florescence, and then decreased from the florescence to mature stage when the concentration of soil Cd was less than 100 mg kg-1, and it decreased when the concentration of soil Cd was 100 mg kg-1. The SPT values of different growth periods decreased during the period of growth.
The Process of Algal Bloom Formation and the Effects of Wind - An Enclosure Experiment and In Situ Investigation in a Large Hyper-Eutrophic Shallow Lake in China
Authors: Wang Shu Hang , Wang Wen Wen , Jiang Xia
Published: June 2012

An enclosure experiment was conducted to evaluate the processes involved in algal bloom formation at different trophic levels in Chaohu Lake, which is a large hyper-eutrophic shallow lake in China. In situ investigations were conducted concurrently to quantitatively describe the effects of wind on the horizontal transference and vertical hybridization of algal blooms. The results revealed that certain nutrient trophic levels played a crucial role in the formation of algal blooms. Specifically, sediments were identified as an important source of nutrients and algal seeds that are necessary to maintain the trophic level and growth of algal blooms. In addition, the disturbance caused by wind accelerated the multiplication of algae, as well as their sedimentation and suspension at the water-sediment interface. Furthermore, when the wind speed was less than 3m•s-1, algal clusters drifted on the water surface at a speed that was exponentially related to the wind velocity with a coefficient of 0.9052. When the wind speed was greater than 3m•s-1, the algae mixed together vertically and then sank. The algal bloom distribution in the lake was dominated by leading wind directions. Moreover, the algal biomass of the surface lake water in leeward areas was 8.8 times greater than the biomass in the windward areas during the study period.
Study on Rivers and Lakes Comprehensive Management Environment Audit Mode
Authors: Gu Zheng Di , Chen Qi
Published: June 2012

Along with the construction and implementation about a series of the national management planning of major rivers and lakes, more and more researchers pay attention to the environment audit about rivers and lakes comprehensive management. But in domestic studies on this issue is less, and creating a theory system about this issue has important practical significance. Therefore, through studying the situation and problems of the environment audit about rivers and lakes comprehensive management in Chinese, this paper try to constructing the environment audit mode about rivers and lakes comprehensive management, and putting forward the improvement Suggestions innovative, in order to provide some guidance on the audit work in theory and practice.
Rockmass Stability Analysis of YunYang’s Arch Dam Left Shoulder
Authors: Dai Shu Lin , Lv Yong Liang
Published: June 2012

Arch dam abutment stability analysis of arch dam design, construction, is the primary problem of operation. From home, outside the related data that appear most, arch dam accident due to abutment instability caused by. On the engineering geological condition is suitable, the arch dam is safe and reliable, economic and reasonable and the broad masses of the people welcomed the dam type. But it must be based on abutment stability based on. Therefore in the arch dam design, there is a need for dam abutment rock mass are detailed and thorough exploration and stability analysis of. This paper adopts the rigid body limit equilibrium method based on arch dam on the left bank of the slide stability analysis and dam abutment stability analysis of arch dam plane, gives the dam safety stability evaluation. A cover of hyperbolic arch dam, the dam height is 163.00m, is a type of buildings. The engineering geological conditions in the dam area is more complex, the existence of multiple faults, joints, fissures, karst cave is developed. Study of a dam on the left abutment stability, reliability and stability of project evaluation is a very important technical and economic significance.
Analysis on Microclimate and Construction of the Vernacular Architecture in Minangkabau of Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Ng Teow Ngak , Lin Hsien Te
Published: June 2012

Minangkabau architecture is one of the most identical vernacular architectures in Austronesian world. This research aims to compare and analyze the microclimate of two Minangkabau vernacular houses in villages of Balimbing of Bukittinggi, Sumatra, Indonesia. One of them is covered with palm-sheath roof, and the other is covered with zinc roof. After investigation and a series of measuring assessment, we discover that as human residence, the interior environment of the house with the palm-roof is more comfortable than the zinc-roofed house. Due to a more successful prevention and reduction to high temperature and humidity of the inner space, the palm-roof is recognized as the better housing model to be pursued and using natural material as the efficient resource for the local community.
Intuitionistic Fuzzy AHP and its Application in Evaluation of Ecological Architecture
Authors: Zhang Hao , Li Wei Xia , Zhang Cheng Yi
Published: June 2012

In this paper, the definition of additive consistent intuitionistic fuzzy complementary judgement matrix (ACIFCJM) was given; The addition and subtraction algorithms of intuitionistic fuzzy value representing the relative importance degree in the matrix were given, then the definition of the scale transition matrix of intuitionistic fuzzy complementary judgement matrix (IFCJM) was given; The additive consistency recursive iterative adjustment algorithm about the IFCJM was given, then priority vectors formula of IFCJM was introduced; At last, the steps of intuitionistic fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (IFAHP) were introduced, then the method was applied in actual examples, and its effectiveness was verified.
The Response of Salinity in Dry Season to Vertical Circulation in the Modaomen Estuary of the Pearl River, China
Authors: Yin Xiao Ling , Bai Dong Lin , Li Li Cheng
Published: June 2012

In recent years, salt intrusion in estuaries of the Pearl River has become a serious problem for local water supply in dry season. Water level, circulation and salinity around mouth of the Modaomen estuary in spring and neap were examined respectively through field measurements. The results indicated that mild water level process reinforced baroclinic action to cause notable circulation downstream, which was more durable in neap. And, the current in lower layer was generally faster than that in upper layer during the neap circulation. These two probably resulted in higher bottom salinity in neap than in spring within the upper mouth, which was on the contrary to the lower mouth as well as the open coastal sea nearby. The activity of observed salt wedge by tidal force within the lower mouth contributed to local salinity variation. Thus, the saline processes and distributions in the estuary mouth depended on cooperation of estuarine circulation and tidal driving in the absence of river flow and wind.
Practaculture Current Situation and its Development Response of Guizhou Rocky Desertification Area
Authors: Zhang Hao , Xiong Kang Ning , Su Xiao Liang
Published: June 2012

There are two challenges in front of Guizhou rocky desertification area’s development: environment protection and economic development. There are several ways to solve this contradiction, and grassland agriculture is one effective method. Combined with the management situation of rocky desertification, the writer took field survey to the whole province, got knowledge of the grassland source and the main issues in the rocky desertification area. Some scientific responses were raised for exploring or using the limited grassland resource.
Spring Maize Soil Water Evaporation Variation and its Cumulative Evaporation under Different Mulching Material at Arid Region
Authors: Jing Ming , Li Qiang Kun , Cheng Xian Guo
Published: June 2012

The paper analyzed soil water evaporation variation of spring maize under film and straw mulching. The evaporation had the character of higher at early period and telophase, and lower in the middle. The soil water evaporation was significant different at different mulching material between before and after heading stage. It built an estimation method to cumulative soil water evaporation with spring maize height, and the model could product soil water evaporation early.
Experimental Study on Anisotropy of Granite Residual Soil
Authors: Guo Li Qun , Huang Yao Xing , Huang Jian Bing
Published: June 2012

Inherent anisotropy and induced anisotropy are two main influencing factors on the engineering properties of granite residual soil. When preparing specimens of granite residual soil for undrained triaxial tests, large-sized specimens can be used to weaken the influence of sampling disturbance and inherent anisotropy, and K0 consolidation is adopted to restore the soil specimens to the state of induced anisotropy. The experimental results indicate that, specimen size has no significant influence on the determination of static lateral pressure coefficient k0, while specimen size and consolidation method obviously affect the stress-strain relationship and shear strength indices of granite residual soil. Undrained triaxial tests using large-sized specimens and the method of K0 consolidation can provide parameters more suitable for engineering practice.
Research of Carbon and Nitrogen Ratio and Sludge Stability in Aerobic Granular Sludge Bioreactor
Authors: Zhao Xia , Feng Hui Xia , Jiang Feng , Chen Na Li , Wang Xiao Chun
Published: June 2012

In sequencing batch reactor aerobic granular sludge was cultivated, and the influence of influent C/N ratio to aerobic granular sludge was studied. The results showed that the granulation and the settling ability of the sludge were poor in high C/N, however, low C/N was beneficial to the accumulation of microorganism in reactor and MLSS could reach to as high as 8740 mg/L. Lower C/N ratio would lead to increase of particle size and disintegrate of loose structure and overgrowth on filamentous microbe, these were disadvantage of the stability of the system. It was not obvious that influent C/N ratio affected on the organic removal. The COD removal maintained at 87% after the preliminary form particles were formed in reactor. When C/N ratio was 100:15~100:35, the phosphorus removal efficiency was good. If C/N ratio was too high or too low, the formation of sludge granulation would be affected in the process. The influence of C/N ratio to ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency was obvious. While C/N ratio was 100:10, granular sludge had good simultaneous nitrification and denitrification performance, and the average removal of ammonia nitrogen attained to 91%. But low C/N ratio was able to inhibit the activity of nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria. At that time, ammonia nitrogen removal rate declined sharply in the system.
Deposition Prediction of Debris Flow Alluvial Fan Based on Experimental Study
Authors: Liu Jin Feng , Yang Shun , Ou Guo Qiang
Published: June 2012

The deposition prediction of debris flow hazardous area is very important for organizing and implementing debris flow disaster prevention and reduction. This paper selected the data base from laboratory experiments and applied the multiple regression statistical method to establish a series of empirical calculation models for delimiting the debris flow hazardous areas on the alluvial fan. The empirical models for predicting the maximum deposition length (Lc), the maximum deposition width (Bmax) and the maximum deposition thichness (Z0) under the condition of different debris flow volumes (V), densities (rm) and slopes of accumulation area (θd) were establised. And the verification results indicated that the established models can predict the debris flow hazards area with the average accuracy of 86%.
An Application of RSR Method in Environmental Pollution Health Damage
Authors: Zhou Ji Chang
Published: June 2012

RSR (Rank-sum ratio) includes the following process: code ranking, calculating RSR, analyzing the distribution of RSR, calculating with regression equation, code ranking and ordering etc. to arrange the rank of damage to health by environment pollution based on the environment and health medical science, to make an evaluation of the damage by environment pollution to people’s and individual’s health, through this evaluation we can see that the important part is how to arrange the rank reasonably and rightly in the application of RSR method in the damage of people’s health by environmental pollution, and propose some methods to arrange rank. The research enriches the methods of evaluating the damage of environment pollution to people’s health, and also makes the application of RSR method more widely and scientifically.
Verification of Environmental Improvement in Duoluncounty through Analyzing Land Use/Cover Change Processes
Authors: Gang Bao , Bao Yu Hai , Alatengtuya Alatengtuya
Published: June 2012

In the study we mapped and analyzed the land use/cover changes Duolun county (one of typical farming-pastoral ecotone of northern China) in previous 20 years by interpreting the multi-temporal TM images received growing season of 1990, 2000 and 2009. The 6 broad types and 12 sub-types of land use/ cover were visually interpreted to get the area of each land use/cover. Our study indicates that the area of grassland displayed stable, but the area of densely and moderate vegetated grassland increased apparently. The forested area also increased 11.51km2 from 46.21km2 in 2009, 34.13km2 in 2000 to 34.70km2 in 1990. In contrast, the area of farmland reduced from 7.82km2 during the 1st (1990-2000) period, and 101.14km2 during the 2nd (2000-2009) period, and desert area declined to 149.07km2. On the whole, the ecosystem improvement is very significant.
Analysis of the Benefit of Land Reclamation and its Application
Authors: Liu Li Zhong , Chen Shu Ke , Kuang Wei , Shi Dai
Published: June 2012

In order to make a scientific study on the benefit of land reclamation, the present paper makes an index system to analyze the land reclamation benefit of mining subsidence in the eastern plain with middle prelatic level. Besides, the quantitative research is also carried out combined with practical examples. On the basis of the study above, the paper analyzes the effect of the benefit and investment cost on time.