bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decoding numeracy and literacy in the human brain: insights from MEG and MVPA
Authors: Nara Sanjeev , Raza Haider , Carreiras Manuel , Molinaro Nicola
Published: July 2023

Numbers and letters are the fundamental building blocks of our everyday social interactions. Previous studies have focused on determining the cortical pathways shaped by numeracy and literacy in the human brain, partially supporting the hypothesis of distinct perceptual neural circuits involved in the visual processing of the two categories. In this study, we aim to investigate the temporal dynamics for number and letter processing. We present magnetoencephalography (MEG) data from two experiments (N = 25 each). In the first experiment, single numbers, letters, and their respective false fonts (false numbers and false letters) were presented, whereas, in the second experiment, numbers, letters, and their respective false fonts were presented as a string of characters. We used multivariate pattern analysis techniques (time-resolved decoding and temporal generalization), testing the strong hypothesis that the neural correlates supporting letter and number processing can be logistically classified as categorically separate. Our results show a very early dissociation (~ 100 ms) between numbers, and letters when compared to false fonts. Number processing can be dissociated with similar accuracy when presented as isolated items or strings of characters, while letter processing shows dissociable classification accuracy for single items compared to strings. These findings reinforce the evidence indicating that early visual processing can be differently shaped by the experience with numbers and letters; this dissociation is stronger for strings compared to single items, thus showing that combinatorial mechanisms for numbers and letters could be categorically distinguished and influence early visual processing.
Incidence rate, risk factors, and bacterial causes of clinical mastitis on dairy farms in Hawassa City, southern Ethiopia
Authors: Abebe Rahmeto , Markos Alemayehu , Abera Mesele , Mekbib Berhanu
Published: July 2023

Mastitis is the most common disease of dairy cattle worldwide, causing economic losses due to reduced yield and poor quality of milk. It is of particular concern in Ethiopia, where effective prevention and control practices are lacking. The objective of the present prospective longitudinal study was to estimate the incidence rate of clinical mastitis (CM), identify the risk factors, isolate the bacterial agents, and determine the risk of recurrence. For this purpose, a total of 217 lactating cows were followed up every two weeks from calving to drying off or the end of the study period. Of these, 79 (36.41%) developed CM, of which 23% had recurrent infections in the same or a different quarter. The overall incidence rate of CM was 83.72 (95% CI: 63.2–98.2) cases per 100 cow-years at risk. In the multivariable Cox regression model, the risk of CM was found to be significantly higher in multiparous cows (HR = 1.96; p = 0.03), in cows with a history of mastitis (HR = 2.04; p = 0.030), in cows that had severely keratinized teat end condition (HR = 7.72; p < 0.001) and in cows kept in poorly cleaned barns (HR = 1.89; p = 0.007). The pathogenic bacteria isolated from mastitis-positive cows were Staphylococcus aureus (28.1%), E. coli (21.1%), Bacillus spp. (14%), Streptococcus spp. (14%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (12.3%), non aureus staphylococci (5.3%), Enterobacter spp. (3.5%), Klebsiella spp. (1.8%), Corynebacterium spp. (1.8%), and Proteus spp. (1.8%). The high incidence rate of CM in the present study shows that the disease spreads rapidly and can be responsible for a significant economic loss to milk producers in the study area. Therefore, raising awareness among dairy farmers, early detection and treatment of cases, post-milking teat disinfection, improvement of the hygienic status of cows and barns, use of dry cow therapy, and culling of chronic cases are recommended as viable measures to prevent and control clinical mastitis in the study area.
Formation of nuclear CPSF6/CPSF5 biomolecular condensates upon HIV-1 entry into the nucleus is important for productive infection
Authors: Luchsinger Charlotte , Lee KyeongEun , Mardones Gonzalo A. , KewalRamani Vineet N. , Diaz-Griffero Felipe
Published: July 2023

The early events of HIV-1 infection involve the transport of the viral core into the nucleus. This event triggers the translocation of CPSF6 from paraspeckles into nuclear speckles forming puncta-like structures. Our investigations revealed that neither HIV-1 integration nor reverse transcription is required for the formation of puncta-like structures. Moreover, HIV-1 viruses without viral genome are competent for the induction of CPSF6 puncta-like structures. In agreement with the notion that HIV-1 induced CPSF6 puncta-like structures are biomolecular condensates, we showed that osmotic stress and 1,6-hexanediol induced the disassembly of CPSF6 condensates. Interestingly, replacing the osmotic stress by isotonic media re-assemble CPSF6 condensates in the cytoplasm of the cell. To test whether CPSF6 condensates were important for infection we utilized hypertonic stress, which prevents formation of CPSF6 condensates, during infection. Remarkably, preventing the formation of CPSF6 condensates inhibits the infection of wild type HIV-1 but not of HIV-1 viruses bearing the capsid changes N74D and A77V, which do not form CPSF6 condensates during infection1,2. We also investigated whether the functional partners of CPSF6 are recruited to the condensates upon infection. Our experiments revealed that CPSF5, but not CPSF7, co-localized with CPSF6 upon HIV-1 infection. We found condensates containing CPSF6/CPSF5 in human T cells and human primary macrophages upon HIV-1 infection. Additionally, we observed that the integration cofactor LEDGF/p75 changes distribution upon HIV-1 infection and surrounds the CPSF6/CPSF5 condensates. Overall, our work demonstrated that CPSF6 and CPSF5 are forming biomolecular condensates that are important for infection of wild type HIV-1 viruses.
Development of a hydroxyflavone-labelled 4554W peptide probe for monitoring αS aggregation
Authors: Watt Kathryn J. C. , Meade Richard M. , James Tony D. , Mason Jody M.
Published: July 2023

Parkinson’s is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, with the number of individuals susceptible due to increase as a result of increasing life expectancy and a growing worldwide population. However, despite the number of individuals affected, all current treatments for PD are symptomatic—they alleviate symptoms, but do not slow disease progression. A major reason for the lack of disease-modifying treatments is that there are currently no methods to diagnose individuals during the earliest stages of the disease, nor are there any methods to monitor disease progression at a biochemical level. Herein, we have designed and evaluated a peptide-based probe to monitor αS aggregation, with a particular focus on the earliest stages of the aggregation process and the formation of oligomers. We have identified the peptide-probe K1 as being suitable for further development to be applied to number of applications including: inhibition of αS aggregation; as a probe to monitor αS aggregation, particularly at the earliest stages before Thioflavin-T is active; and a method to detect early-oligomers. With further development and in vivo validation, we anticipate this probe could be used for the early diagnosis of PD, a method to evaluate the effectiveness of potential therapeutics, and as a tool to help in the understanding of the onset and development of PD.
Association between statin therapy and mortality in patients on dialysis after atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Lee Myunhee , Choi Won Jung , Lee Yunhee , Lee Kyusup , Park Mahn-Won , Myong Jun-Pyo , Kim Dae-Won
Published: July 2023

Statin therapy is essential for secondary prevention in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, the effects of statin therapy in patients receiving chronic dialysis remain uncertain. We aimed to evaluate the effect of statin therapy on long-term mortality in patients on dialysis after a first-time ASCVD. Patients receiving maintenance dialysis aged ≥ 18 years with a first-time ASCVD event between 2013 and 2018 were included in the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. Associations of statin use with long-term mortality were examined using Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for demographics and comorbidities. Among 17,242 patients on dialysis, 9611 (55.7%) were prescribed statins after a first-time ASCVD event. Among statin users, 7376 (76.7%) used moderate-intensity statins. During a mean follow-up of 32.6 ± 20.9 months, statin use was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality than statin nonuse after adjusting for confounding factors (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.88–0.97; p = 0.0009). Despite a lack of evidence, more than half of patients on dialysis were prescribed statins after an ASCVD event. In patients on dialysis after ASCVD, statin therapy significantly reduced the risk of long-term all-cause mortality.
Biomarker integration for improved biodosimetry of mixed neutron + photon exposures
Authors: Shuryak Igor , Ghandhi Shanaz A. , Laiakis Evagelia C. , Garty Guy , Wu Xuefeng , Ponnaiya Brian , Kosowski Emma , Pannkuk Evan , Kaur Salan P. , Harken Andrew D. , Deoli Naresh , Fornace Albert J. , Brenner David J. , Amundson Sally A.
Published: July 2023

There is a persistent risk of a large-scale malicious or accidental exposure to ionizing radiation that may affect a large number of people. Exposure will consist of both a photon and neutron component, which will vary in magnitude between individuals and is likely to have profound impacts on radiation-induced diseases. To mitigate these potential disasters, there exists a need for novel biodosimetry approaches that can estimate the radiation dose absorbed by each person based on biofluid samples, and predict delayed effects. Integration of several radiation-responsive biomarker types (transcripts, metabolites, blood cell counts) by machine learning (ML) can improve biodosimetry. Here we integrated data from mice exposed to various neutron + photon mixtures, total 3 Gy dose, using multiple ML algorithms to select the strongest biomarker combinations and reconstruct radiation exposure magnitude and composition. We obtained promising results, such as receiver operating characteristic curve area of 0.904 (95% CI: 0.821, 0.969) for classifying samples exposed to ≥ 10% neutrons vs. < 10% neutrons, and R2 of 0.964 for reconstructing photon-equivalent dose (weighted by neutron relative biological effectiveness) for neutron + photon mixtures. These findings demonstrate the potential of combining various -omic biomarkers for novel biodosimetry.
The influence of seismic frequency spectrum on the instability of loess slope
Authors: Chang Chaoyu , Qiao Feng , Bo Jingshan , Peng Da , Li Qi
Published: July 2023

The input of seismic wave with different frequency has a significant impact on loess slope instability. On the basis of field investigation and experiments, the particle flow software PFC2D was used to explore the effect of seismic frequency spectrum on slope instability through the process of calibrating soil microscopic parameters, model establishment, seismic wave input and other processes. The results show that: 1. The low-frequency component of the input wave is the main frequency band that causes the slope instability, the slope has amplifying effect on the low-frequency input wave, and the slope has a "filtering" effect on the high-frequency input wave; 2. The instability of the slope will cause an increase in frequency components above 10 Hz; 3. The special structure of the slope is one of the main reasons for the instability of the slope. This result has theoretical and practical significance for earthquake landslide prevention and monitoring and early warning.
Exercise training improves blood pressure reactivity to stress: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mariano Igor M. , Amaral Ana Luiza , Ribeiro Paula A. B. , Puga Guilherme Morais
Published: July 2023

Blood pressure (BP) reactivity to stress is associated with cardiovascular events and the incidence of hypertension, therefore, tolerance to stressors is important for better management of cardiovascular risks. Exercise training is among the strategies that have been investigated as blunting the peak response to stressors, however, its efficacy is poorly explored. The aim was to explore the effects of exercise training (at least four weeks) on BP responses to stressor tasks in adults. A systematic review was performed in five electronic databases (MEDLINE, LILACS, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, and PsycInfo). Twenty-three studies and one conference abstract was included in the qualitative analysis, totaling 1121 individuals, and k = 17 and 695 individuals in the meta-analysis. Favorable results (random-effects) for exercise training were found, with attenuated peak responses in systolic (standardized mean difference (SMD) = −0.34 [−0.56; −0.11], representing average reductions of 2.5 ± 3.6 mmHg) and null effects on diastolic BP (SMD = −0.20 [−0.54; 0.14], representing average reductions of 2.0 ± 3.5 mmHg). The analysis removing outliers’ studies improved the effects for diastolic (SMD = −0.21 [−0.38; −0.05]) but not systolic BP (SMD = −0.33 [−0.53; −0.13]). In conclusion, exercise training seems to lower stress-related BP reactivity, therefore has the potential to improve patients’ ability to better respond to stressful situations.
Migraine and white matter lesions: a mendelian randomization study
Authors: Huo Junyan , Zhang Gan , Wang Wenjing , Cao Wen , Wan Mengxia , Huang Tao , Fan Dongsheng , Fu Yu
Published: July 2023

Previous studies have found that migraine patients are associated with white matter lesions (WMLs), but the causal relationship between the two remains unclear. We intend to explore the bidirectional causal relationship between migraine and WMLs using a two-sample mendelian randomization (MR) method. We employed summary-level data from a recent large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) that characterized three white matter (WM) phenotypes: white matter hyperintensities (WMH, N = 18,381), fractional anisotropy (FA, N = 17,673), and mean diffusivity (MD, N = 17,467), as well as migraine (N = 589,356). The inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method was used as the main approach for analyzing causality. Weighted median analysis, simple median analysis, and MR-Egger regression served as complementary methods. The bidirectional MR study affords no support for causality between WMLs and migraine. In all MR methods, there was no obvious causal evidence between them. In our bidirectional MR study, we didn't reach this conclusion that WMLs can cause migraine, migraine wouldn’t increase the risk of WMLs, either.
Mathematical model combined with microdosimetric kinetic model for tumor volume calculation in stereotactic body radiation therapy
Authors: Nakano Hisashi , Shiinoki Takehiro , Tanabe Satoshi , Utsunomiya Satoru , Takizawa Takeshi , Kaidu Motoki , Nishio Teiji , Ishikawa Hiroyuki
Published: July 2023

We proposed a new mathematical model that combines an ordinary differential equation (ODE) and microdosimetric kinetic model (MKM) to predict the tumor-cell lethal effect of Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) applied to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The tumor growth volume was calculated by the ODE in the multi-component mathematical model (MCM) for the cell lines NSCLC A549 and NCI-H460 (H460). The prescription doses 48 Gy/4 fr and 54 Gy/3 fr were used in the SBRT, and the effect of the SBRT on tumor cells was evaluated by the MKM. We also evaluated the effects of (1) linear quadratic model (LQM) and the MKM, (2) varying the ratio of active and quiescent tumors for the total tumor volume, and (3) the length of the dose-delivery time per fractionated dose (tinter) on the initial tumor volume. We used the ratio of the tumor volume at 1 day after the end of irradiation to the tumor volume before irradiation to define the radiation effectiveness value (REV). The combination of MKM and MCM significantly reduced REV at 48 Gy/4 fr compared to the combination of LQM and MCM. The ratio of active tumors and the prolonging of tinter affected the decrease in the REV for A549 and H460 cells. We evaluated the tumor volume considering a large fractionated dose and the dose-delivery time by combining the MKM with a mathematical model of tumor growth using an ODE in lung SBRT for NSCLC A549 and H460 cells.
Removal of senescent cells reduces the viral load and attenuates pulmonary and systemic inflammation in SARS-CoV-2-infected, aged hamsters
Authors: Delval Lou , Hantute-Ghesquier Aline , Sencio Valentin , Flaman Jean Michel , Robil Cyril , Angulo Fabiola Silva , Lipskaia Larissa , Çobanoğlu Ozmen , Lacoste Anne-Sophie , Machelart Arnaud , Danneels Adeline , Corbin Mathieu , Deruyter Lucie , Heumel Séverine , Idziorek Thierry , Séron Karin , Sauve Florent , Bongiovanni Antonino , Prévot Vincent , Wolowczuk Isabelle , Belouzard Sandrine , Saliou Jean-Michel , Gosset Philippe , Bernard David , Rouillé Yves , Adnot Serge , Duterque-Coquillaud Martine , Trottein François
Published: July 2023

Older age is one of the strongest risk factors for severe COVID-19. In this study, we determined whether age-associated cellular senescence contributes to the severity of experimental COVID-19. Aged golden hamsters accumulate senescent cells in the lungs, and the senolytic drug ABT-263, a BCL-2 inhibitor, depletes these cells at baseline and during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Relative to young hamsters, aged hamsters had a greater viral load during the acute phase of infection and displayed higher levels of sequelae during the post-acute phase. Early treatment with ABT-263 lowered pulmonary viral load in aged (but not young) animals, an effect associated with lower expression of ACE2, the receptor for SARS-CoV-2. ABT-263 treatment also led to lower pulmonary and systemic levels of senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors and to amelioration of early and late lung disease. These data demonstrate the causative role of age-associated pre-existing senescent cells on COVID-19 severity and have clear clinical relevance.
Two-dimensional MBene: a comparable catalyst to MXene for effective CO2RR towards C1 products
Authors: Lu Xiaoqing , Hu Yuying , Cao Shoufu , Li Jiao , Yang Chunyu , Chen Zengxuan , Wei Shuxian , Liu Siyuan , Wang Zhaojie
Published: July 2023

MoB can effectively activate CO2 with a large interaction energy of −3.64 eV. At −0.62 V, the CO2 reduction becomes a high-throughput reaction towards CH4. MoB can effectively inhibit the hydrogen evolution reaction at moderate potentials.
Long-term effects of silver nanoparticles (NM-300K) and soil amendments on soil respiration and mesofauna in a semi-field experiment
Authors: Zhang Xin , McKee Moira S. , Filser Juliane
Published: July 2023

The toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has been intensely studied, due to their increased applications in various products.
Gold nanoparticle-decorated covalent organic frameworks as amplified light-scattering probes for highly sensitive immunodetection of Salmonella in milk
Authors: Guo Qian , Huang Jun , Fang Hao , Li Xiaoyang , Su Yu , Xiong Yonghua , Leng Yuankui , Huang Xiaolin
Published: July 2023

An ultrasensitive DLS immunosensing method based on a “cargo release–seed growth” signal amplification strategy was developed for detecting Salmonella, using a probe of gold nanoparticle-decorated covalent organic frameworks (COF@AuNP).
Selective alkylation of mandelic acid to diarylacetic acids over a commercial zeolite
Authors: Meacham Samuel G. , Taylor Russell A.
Published: July 2023

The Friedel–Crafts alkylation of mandelic acid to diarylacetic acids is achieved without the need for super-stoichiometric acids or inert conditions, and the selectivity is shown to be highly zeolite framework dependent.
Exploiting the inductive effect of the trifluoromethyl group: regioselective gold-catalyzed hydration of 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl-substituted alkynes
Authors: Gauthier Raphaël , Tzouras Nikolaos V. , Nolan Steven P. , Paquin Jean-François
Published: July 2023

The strong directing effect of the trifluoromethyl group is illustrated in the Au-catalyzed hydration reaction of 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl-substituted alkynes which produces β-trifluoromethylketones as the major products.
Negative nanopore sequencing for mapping biochemical processes on DNA molecules
Authors: Kim YoonYi , Noh Chanyoung , Yu Myungheon , Bae Minji , Jo Kyubong
Published: July 2023

Nanopore sequencing maps biochemical processes on DNA by detecting negative peaks in the sequence alignment profile.
Overcoming the challenges of infrared photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy: the making of redaporfin
Authors: Arnaut Luis G. , Pereira Mariette M.
Published: July 2023

We offer a personal account of the discovery and development of a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer, from bench to bedside.
A promising technology: solar-driven interfacial evaporation with facilitation strategies, multifunctional applications and perspectives
Authors: Tan Xinyan , Zhang He , Li Lele , Sun Yuqing , Li Jian
Published: July 2023

The SDIE is introduced through three aspects: improvement strategies, photothermal conversion, and applications. It is believed that SDIE will have further great development in desalination, sewage purification, and other fields in the future.
Mono-cyclononatetraenyl lanthanide complexes
Authors: Münzfeld Luca , Hauser Adrian , Gamer Michael T. , Roesky Peter W.
Published: July 2023

The first half-sandwich complexes of the cyclononatetraenyl are reported. Coordination and deccordination of THF leads to the formation of either the ionic [LnIII(η3-BH4)2(thf)5][Cnt] or the polymeric compound [LaIII(η9-Cnt)(η3-BH4)2(thf)].
New layered nonlinear optical iodate Cs3Ta(IO3)8: topology-symmetry analysis and structure prediction
Authors: Belokoneva Elena L. , Reutova Olga V. , Dimitrova Olga V. , Volkov Anatoly S. , Stefanovich Sergey Yu. , Maltsev Victor V. , Vigasina Marina F.
Published: July 2023

New polar iodate Cs3Ta(IO3)8, space group P31c, has been obtained under mild hydrothermal conditions and its structural determination was carried out with a single crystal. Two structural variants are predicted based on OD topology-symmetry approach.
Structurally flexible pyrrolidinium- and morpholinium-based ionic liquid electrolytes
Authors: Bhowmick Sourav , Tatrari Gaurav , Filippov Andrei , Johansson Patrik , Shah Faiz Ullah
Published: July 2023

Ion transport measures and details as well as physicochemical and electrochemical properties are presented for a small set of structurally flexible pyrrolidinium and morpholinium cation-based ionic liquids, all with oligoether phosphate-based anions.
A theoretical characterization method for non-spherical core–shell nanoparticles by XPS
Authors: Gong J. M. , Khan M. S. S. , Da B. , Yoshikawa H. , Tanuma S. , Ding Z. J.
Published: July 2023

An extended Shard formula is proposed to estimate the shell thickness of non-spherical core–shell nanoparticlesviaXPS signals.
Theoretical study of hydrogen abstraction by HO2 radicals from primary straight chain amines CnH2n+1-NH2 (n = 1–4)
Authors: Bao Yi , Liu Xiaoyi , He Zezhou , Shi Jinchun
Published: July 2023

Hydrogen abstraction reactions by HO2 radicals from four primary amines including methylamine (MA), ethylamine (EA), n-propylamine (PA), and n-butylamine (BA), are investigated and the effect of the functional group on rate constants at different reaction sites is examined.
Heterogenised catalysts for the H-transfer reduction reaction of aldehydes: influence of solvent and solvation effects on reaction performances
Authors: Muhammad Atika , Zhu Chengxu , Yu Xiao , Di Carmine Graziano , Wood Hannah , Carbone Paola , de Visser Sam P. , Hardacre Christopher , D’Agostino Carmine
Published: July 2023

A combination of NMR experiments and MD simulations showing strong solvation effects on propionaldehyde reduction through H-transfer reactions catalysed by aluminium isopropoxide is reported.
First principles study of B7N5 as a high capacity electrode material for K-ion batteries
Authors: Xiong Yu , Wang Yuhang , Ma Ninggui , Zhang Yaqin , Luo Shuang , Fan Jun
Published: July 2023

B7N5 exhibits an ultra-high capacity of 1471.5 mA h g−1 due to the bilayer adsorption of K atoms as an electrode material for K-ion batteries.
Forecasting the unrevealed surface-controlled photocatalytic water splitting in two-dimensional Ag2Se with ultrafast carrier mobility: a first-principles study
Authors: Chang Yee Hui Robin , Yeoh Keat Hoe , Jiang Junke , Chai Soo See , Abdullahi Yusuf Zuntu , Khong Heng Yen , Lim Thong Leng , Tuh Moi Hua
Published: July 2023

It has been hypothesized that a thermodynamically feasible Ag2Se monolayer could be a potential candidate for photocatalytic water splitting.
Reducing defect density in UiO-68–CHO is key for its efficient and reliable post-synthetic modification
Authors: Wiszniewski Marcin , Chmielewski Michał J.
Published: July 2023

‘Healed’ UiO-68–CHO with reduced missing linker defect density is a perfect platform for PSM, giving nearly quantitative and highly reproducible yields.
Nature-inspired functional porous materials for low-concentration biomarker detection
Authors: Papiano Irene , De Zio Simona , Hofer André , Malferrari Marco , Mínguez Bacho Ignacio , Bachmann Julien , Rapino Stefania , Vogel Nicolas , Magnabosco Giulia
Published: July 2023

Colloidal assembly, atomic layer deposition and selective surface functionalization are combined to design conductive inverse opals as glucose sensing platforms. The sensor can detect glucose at nM concentrations.
Two-pot sequential multicomponent metal-free synthesis of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyridazin-7-ones and pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrizidines
Authors: Mamta  , Mir Nisar A. , Yadav Jyothi , Pawar Amol Prakash , Sharma Ratika , Kant Rajni , Rangan Krishnan , Iype Eldhose , Khungar Bharti , Kumar Indresh
Published: July 2023

A two-pot process is developed to access pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyridazin-7-one's and pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrizidines through the pyrrole-2,3-dione as an intermediate compound.
An interdiffusion-controlled nucleation strategy for efficient sequential deposition of perovskite photovoltaics
Authors: Wang Chenglin , Zhang Zuolin , Zhao Xuefan , Zhu Yunfei , Li Mengjia , Ding Jike , Chen Cong
Published: July 2023

A new interdiffusion-controlled nucleation (ICN) strategy is presented, which introduces sulfamic acid agents to improve the sequential deposition of perovskite crystals, achieving low defect density and high-quality perovskite films.
TBAF-promoted carbanion-mediated sulfonamide cyclization of CF3-substitutedN-allenamides: an access to fluorinated γ-sultams
Authors: Gommenginger Clément , Zheng Yongxiang , Maccarone Daniele , Ciofini Ilaria , Miesch Laurence
Published: July 2023

γ-Sultams bearing a trifluorinated ethyl- or an ene-gem-difluorinated tether were obtained from CF3-substitutedN-allenamides; experimental and DFT calculations suggested that this transformation involves a 5-endo-digcyclization on the ene-ynamide generatedin situ.
Synthesis of polysubstituted oxazolidinones via regioselective addition of azonaphthalenes
Authors: Li Fu-Yu , Wang Bei , Xu Hong , Xiao Yao , Huang Dong-Wei , Wang Ji-Yu
Published: July 2023

A series of novel and synthetically challenging oxazolidinone compounds were synthesized through a regioselective radical addition of azonaphthalenes.
Enantioselective access to spiro[2,3-dihydrofuran-2,2′-inden-1-ones]viazinc catalyzed [3 + 2] annulation of α-hydroxy-1-indanones with yne–enones
Authors: Han Jiao-Jiao , Jiang Tao , Zhang Cui , Cui Dan-Dan , Hua Yuan-Zhao , Mei Guang-Jian , Wang Min-Can , Jia Shi-Kun
Published: July 2023

An enantioselective construction of spiro[1-indanone-dihydrofurans] has been accomplished through zinc-catalyzed [3 + 2] annulationviaa Brønsted base and Lewis acid cooperative activation model.
Boosting o-xylene removal and power generation in an airlift microbial fuel cell system
Authors: Chen Han , Li Yuanming , Ying Zanyun , Xia Yinfeng , You Juping
Published: July 2023

A novel microbial fuel cell integrated airlift reactor was development for gaseous o-xylene biodegradation. The removal efficiency, electrochemical and microbial characteristics and the influence of O2 and external carbon source were investigated.
Photon avalanche assisted upconversionviacustomizing the green emission
Authors: Prasad Manisha , Rai Vineet Kumar
Published: July 2023

Incorporation of Mn4+in the Ho3+/Yb3+:SnWO4phosphors modifies the green emission from Ho3+to broadband on increasing pump power upon 980 nm excitation.
Highly enantioselective synthesis of both tetrahydroquinoxalines and dihydroquinoxalinonesviaRh–thiourea catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation
Authors: Xu Ana , Li Chaoyi , Huang Junrong , Pang Heng , Zhao Chengyao , Song Lijuan , You Hengzhi , Zhang Xumu , Chen Fen-Er
Published: July 2023

Highly efficient asymmetric hydrogenation of quinoxalines and quinoxalinonesviaRh–thiourea complex was disclosed under batch and flow. Mechanism studies demonstrated the importance of HCl and a plausible outer-sphere mechanism during the process.
A strong–weak binary solvation structure for unimpeded low-temperature ion transport in nanoporous energy storage materials
Authors: Yang Huachao , Wang Zifan , Qi Yiheng , Pan Qinghu , Zhang Chuanzhi , Huang Yuhui , Yan Jianhua , Cen Kefa , Xiong Guoping , Bo Zheng , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken)
Published: July 2023

A novel electrolyte with a strong–weak binary solvation structure is proposed to balance the conductivity and desolvation energy. The supercapacitors based on this new electrolyte realize outstanding energy and power densities even at −70 °C.
Versatility of group VI layered metal chalcogenide thin films synthesized by solution-based deposition methods
Authors: Magdum Vikas V. , Chitare Yogesh M. , Kulkarni Shirin P. , Sawant Prashant D. , Pawar Shraddha A. , Talekar Shweta V. , Lokhande Chandrakant D. , Patil Umakant M. , Patil Sharad B. , Gunjakar Jayavant L.
Published: July 2023

This review summarizes major developments in various solution-based synthesis approaches and different applications such as supercapacitors, batteries, HER, and photocatalytic dye degradation of group VI layered metal dichalcogenide thin films.
Respiratory epithelial cell types, states and fates in the era of single-cell RNA-sequencing
Authors: Dudchenko Oleksandr , Ordovas-Montanes Jose , Bingle Colin D.
Published: July 2023

Standalone and consortia-led single-cell atlases of healthy and diseased human airways generated with single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) have ushered in a new era in respiratory research. Numerous discoveries, including the pulmonary ionocyte, potentially novel cell fates, and a diversity of cell states among common and rare epithelial cell types have highlighted the extent of cellular heterogeneity and plasticity in the respiratory tract. scRNA-seq has also played a pivotal role in our understanding of host–virus interactions in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, as our ability to generate large quantities of scRNA-seq data increases, along with a growing number of scRNA-seq protocols and data analysis methods, new challenges related to the contextualisation and downstream applications of insights are arising. Here, we review the fundamental concept of cellular identity from the perspective of single-cell transcriptomics in the respiratory context, drawing attention to the need to generate reference annotations and to standardise the terminology used in literature. Findings about airway epithelial cell types, states and fates obtained from scRNA-seq experiments are compared and contrasted with information accumulated through the use of conventional methods. This review attempts to discuss major opportunities and to outline some of the key limitations of the modern-day scRNA-seq that need to be addressed to enable efficient and meaningful integration of scRNA-seq data from different platforms and studies, with each other as well as with data from other high-throughput sequencing-based genomic, transcriptomic and epigenetic analyses.
Revisiting VH1 phosphatase at the time of monkeypox: back to the spotlight
Authors: Bottini Angel , Pacheco Diana R.D.C.G. , Forti Fabio L. , Bottini Nunzio
Published: July 2023

Vaccinia virus is a poxvirus that has been successfully leveraged to develop vaccines for smallpox, which is caused by the closely related Variola virus. Smallpox has been declared as ‘eradicated' by the WHO in 1980; however, it still poses a potential bioterrorism threat. More recently, the spreading of monkeypox (MPox) in non-endemic countries has further highlighted the importance of continuing the exploration for druggable targets for poxvirus infections. The vaccinia H1 (VH1) phosphatase is the first reported dual specificity phosphatase (DUSP) able to hydrolyze both phosphotyrosine and phosphoserine/phosphotheonine residues. VH1 is a 20 kDa protein that forms a stable dimer and can dephosphorylate both viral and cellular substrates to regulate the viral replication cycle and host immune response. VH1 dimers adopt a domain swap mechanism with the first 20 amino acids of each monomer involved in dense electrostatic interaction and salt bridge formations while hydrophobic interactions between the N-terminal and C-terminal helices further stabilize the dimer. VH1 appears to be an ideal candidate for discovery of novel anti-poxvirus agents because it is highly conserved within the poxviridae family and is a virulence factor, yet it displays significant divergence in sequence and dimerization mechanism from its human closest ortholog vaccinia H1-related (VHR) phosphatase, encoded by the DUSP3 gene. As the dimeric quaternary structure of VH1 is essential for its phosphatase activity, strategies leading to disruption of the dimer structure might aid in VH1 inhibitor development.
Biomimetic engineering of nonribosomal peptide synthesis
Authors: Zhang Kexin , Kries Hajo
Published: July 2023

Nonribosomal peptides (NRPs) have gained attention due to their diverse biological activities and potential applications in medicine and agriculture. The natural diversity of NRPs is a result of evolutionary processes that have occurred over millions of years. Recent studies have shed light on the mechanisms by which nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) evolve, including gene duplication, recombination, and horizontal transfer. Mimicking natural evolution could be a useful strategy for engineering NRPSs to produce novel compounds with desired properties. Furthermore, the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has highlighted the urgent need for new drugs, and NRPs represent a promising avenue for drug discovery. This review discusses the engineering potential of NRPSs in light of their evolutionary history.
Regulation of electron transfer in the terminal step of the respiratory chain
Authors: Sato Wataru , Ishimori Koichiro
Published: July 2023

In mitochondria, electrons are transferred along a series of enzymes and electron carriers that are referred to as the respiratory chain, leading to the synthesis of cellular ATP. The series of the interprotein electron transfer (ET) reactions is terminated by the reduction in molecular oxygen at Complex IV, cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) that is coupled with the proton pumping from the matrix to the inner membrane space. Unlike the ET reactions from Complex I to Complex III, the ET reaction to CcO, mediated by cytochrome c (Cyt c), is quite specific in that it is irreversible with suppressed electron leakage, which characterizes the ET reactions in the respiratory chain and is thought to play a key role in the regulation of mitochondrial respiration. In this review, we summarize the recent findings regarding the molecular mechanism of the ET reaction from Cyt c to CcO in terms of specific interaction between two proteins, a molecular breakwater, and the effects of the conformational fluctuation on the ET reaction, conformational gating. Both of these are essential factors, not only in the ET reaction from Cyt c to CcO, but also in the interprotein ET reactions in general. We also discuss the significance of a supercomplex in the terminal ET reaction, which provides information on the regulatory factors of the ET reactions that are specific to the mitochondrial respiratory chain.
Insulator defect detection with deep learning: A survey
Authors: Liu Yue , Liu Decheng , Huang Xinbo , Li Chenjing
Published: July 2023

With the improvement of smart grid, utilizing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) to detect the operation status of insulators has attracted widespread attention. The insulator defects can lead to serious power loss, damage the service life of power lines, and even result in power outages in serious cases. The small‐scale object, complex background, and limited‐number collected data make insulator defect still a challenging problem. Benefitted by the advances in deep learning, deep learning‐based insulator defects have achieved great progress in recent years. In the paper, the authors present a novel systematic survey of these advances, where further analysis about different processing stages methods is introduced: (i) insulator processing stage methods exploit the specific image pre‐processing algorithm for data augmentation and low‐level vision information extraction; (ii) defect detection stage model can locate and classify diagnosis fault with different task targets, like sequential task strategy and multi‐task strategy. In addition, the authors also review publicly available benchmark and datasets. The future research direction and open problem are discussed to promote the development of the community.
Anchored self‐similar 3D Gauss‐Markov mobility model for ad hoc routing scenarios
Authors: Amponis George , Lagkas Thomas , Argyriou Vasileios , Moscholios Ioannis , Zevgara Maria , Ouzounidis Savvas , Sarigiannidis Panagiotis
Published: July 2023

Given the observed developments of novel communication modes and the establishment of next‐generation cellular networks, mobility modelling and ad hoc routing requirements have emerged. Flying ad hoc networks are key pivots in enabling technological leaps in the domain of on‐demand communications, especially in emergency scenarios; as such, resorting to application‐ and mobility‐aware routing is a promising enabler of this emerging set of use cases. This article investigates swarm mobility modelling, and applicable routing protocols, conducting comparative analysis that leads to the introduction of the new Anchored Self‐Similar 3D Gauss‐Markov Mobility Model (ASSGM‐3D), which incorporates a novel set of spatio‐temporal statistical metrics.
Two‐stage self‐adaption security and low‐carbon dispatch strategy of energy storage systems in distribution networks with high proportion of photovoltaics
Authors: Chen Lei , Tang Wei , Zhang Lu , Wang Zhaoqi , Liang Jun
Published: July 2023

With the goal of achieving carbon neutrality, active distribution networks (DNs) with a high proportion of photovoltaics (PVs) are facing challenges in maintaining voltage stability and low‐carbon operation. Energy storage systems (ESSs), which have the ability to store and transfer energy temporarily, can be used as effective measures to enhance the capacity of consuming PVs and reduce carbon emissions in DNs. However, existing low‐carbon dispatch strategies for multiple sources, storages and loads fail to consider voltage violations, while the temporal carbon emission intensity of the upper‐level power grid is also often overlooked, which is an important factor that affects the dispatch strategy. Therefore, a two‐stage self‐adaptive dispatch strategy of ESSs that considers the temporal characteristics of slack nodal carbon emission intensity to minimise carbon emissions while maintaining voltage stability in DNs with high access to PVs is proposed. First, the framework of the proposed two‐stage self‐adaptive dispatch strategy of ESSs is established by taking into account the effects of ESSs on adjusting voltages and reducing carbon emissions, respectively, with the two‐stage switch principle of two operation modes being determined. On this basis, an optimization dispatch model is established to improve voltages and carbon emissions, and the optimal day‐ahead dispatch strategy of ESSs can be obtained by solving the model using genetic algorithm. Case studies of the modified 10 kV IEEE 33‐node DN and IEEE 123‐node DN verify the feasibility and superiority of the proposed two‐stage self‐adaptive security and low‐carbon day‐ahead dispatch strategy for ESSs, showing that the voltage stabilisation and lower carbon emissions of DNs are both improved.
Performance of PV array configurations under dynamic partial shadings
Authors: Shao Chuanyong , Migan-Dubois Anne , Diallo Demba
Published: July 2023

The partial shading effect (PSE) is responsible for most power losses in a photovoltaic (PV) system. By modifying the interconnections between PV modules, called PV array reconfiguration, it is possible to improve the power output under partial shading conditions (PSCs). Compared to research on static PSCs, the impact of dynamic PSCs on PV arrays is rarely mentioned, although it deserves to be studied. This paper studies the dynamic PSE on four traditional PV configurations and two reconfiguration techniques based on a 5 × 5 PV array. The four traditional PV configurations are Series-Parallel (SP), Bridge-Link, Honey-Comb, and Total-Cross-Tied (TCT). The two reconfiguration techniques are SuDoKu (SDK) representing Physical Array Reconfiguration (PAR) and Electrical Array Reconfiguration (EAR). The dynamic PSCs are simplified to three types based on the varying orientation: horizontal, vertical, and diagonal. Simulations are carried out with Matlab & Simulink. The performance comparison for the four traditional PV array and two reconfiguration techniques is based on daily energy losses. The results show that four traditional PV configurations techniques, in all PSCs' scenarios, EAR has the most stable performance and the lowest energy losses. The energy losses of SP connection are the largest in all PSCs cases. Although their performance varies depending on the partial shading case, Total-Cross-Tied and SudoDKu lead to the lowest energy losses.
Edge passivation of shingled poly-Si/SiOxpassivated contacts solar cells
Authors: Dhainaut Franck , Dabadie Raoul , Martel Benoit , Desrues Thibaut , Albaric Mickaël , Palais Olivier , Dubois Sébastien , Harrison Samuel
Published: July 2023

This work aims at the full recovery of efficiency losses induced by shingling double-side poly-Si/SiOxpassivated contacts crystalline silicon solar cells. It focuses on thermally-activated Aluminium Oxide (AlOx) layers elaborated by thermal Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) to passivate the edges of shingled cells cut by using the innovative “45° tilt squaring approach”. The whole procedure featuring high-temperature AlOxannealing led to very low cut-related performance losses. Indeed, the efficiency and FF of the passivated shingled cells surpassed the values obtained for the as-cut shingles by 0.5%absand 2.6%abs, respectively. Approaches for further improvements are also discussed, particularly to overcome the short-circuit current density decrease observed for passivated shingles.
Les traces sociales du traumatisme des attentats du 13 novembre 2015 : cinq ans et sept mois après
Authors: Hoibian Sandra , Muller Jorg , Eustache Francis , Peschanski Denis
Published: July 2023

Le suivi de la mémoire des attentats du 13 novembre, et plus généralement des attaques terroristes depuis l’an 2000, auprès de la population générale offre un matériau inédit pour comprendre l’évolution dans le temps et la construction de la mémoire collective. L’étude montre que ces attaques ont davantage marqué la population que d’autres événements tragiques survenus dans l’Hexagone dans une période de temps proche, ou même que d’autres attentats beaucoup plus récents. Avec le temps, la mémorisation précise des faits et les souvenirs des circonstances dans lesquelles les personnes ont appris les faits s’érodent, et se concentrent notamment autour du lieu du Bataclan. Mais, cette imprécision fait place à un investissement symbolique plus fort, qui conduit notamment à une surestimation du nombre de terroristes ou de victimes. Les raisons de la place particulière dévolue aux attaques du 13 novembre dans la mémoire collective tiennent à la fois au nombre inégalé de victimes, à l’attaque de lieux situés dans la capitale, à la réaction des pouvoirs publics qui instaurent l’état d’urgence, au cadrage discursif de la guerre contre le terrorisme amplifié par les médias télévisuels et au sentiment que la menace islamiste peut tuer aveuglément sans viser des catégories précises de population. L’étude met également à jour l’influence des systèmes de valeur (couleur politique, regard sur le modèle républicain) et des caractéristiques sociales des individus sur la mémoire. Elle s’inscrit dans une recherche fondamentalement pluridisciplinaire autour de la « Mémoire et traumatisme » intégrant des travaux en biologie, neurosciences et médecine.
Mémoire collective et mémoire sociale : apports de la sociologie à une théorie générale de la mémoire
Authors: Orianne Jean-François
Published: July 2023

Une théorie générale de la mémoire est-elle possible ? Quelle contribution la sociologie peut-elle apporter à ce vaste projet scientifique ? Deux contributions originales sont présentées et discutées dans cet article : (1) le concept de mémoire collective (Maurice Halbwachs) ; (2) le concept de mémoire sociale (Niklas Luhmann). L’auteur propose quelques clarifications théoriques importantes. D’abord, la mémoire n’est ni un stock ni une collection (d’états ou d’événements passés) mais plutôt une opération continue de tri entre souvenir et oubli. Ensuite, la mémoire collective n’est pas la mémoire sociale : en effet, la première est une opération spécifique des systèmes psychiques ; quant à la seconde, elle est une opération de communication, propre aux systèmes sociaux. Dans le cas particulier des attentats du 13 novembre 2015 à Paris, l’auteur montre la fonction de mémoire sociale que remplit le système des médias de masse et comment ces opérations de filtrage du sens conditionnent la construction de souvenirs traumatiques.
Bioassay-Guided Isolation and Identification of Antiplasmodial Compounds from the Stem Bark of Clausena excavata
Authors: Seephonkai Prapairat , Kaewtong Chatthai , Wangchuk Phurpa , Jearawuttanakul Kedchin , Kanjanasirirat Phongthon , Borwornpinyo Suparerk , Khulmanee Tachin , Patrapuvich Rapatbhorn
Published: July 2023

Clausena excavata is a medicinal plant widely distributed in Southeast Asia. It is used for a variety of indications, including to treat malaria. In our present study, a
phytochemical study of the methanol extract from the stem bark of C. excavata led to the isolation of five pyranocoumarins, nordentatin (1), dentatin (2), kinocoumarin
(3), clausarin (4), and clausenidin (5), and a coumarin, 8-hydroxy-3″,4″-dihydrocapnolactone-2′,3′-diol (6). The isolation of compound 6 from C.
excavata and the antiplasmodial activities against a multidrug-resistant K1 strain of Plasmodium falciparum of 1, 3, and 5 were reported for the first time.
Compounds 3 and 4 exhibited potent antiplasmodial activities with EC50 values of 1.10 and 0.58 µM, respectively, while 1 and 5 had EC50
values of 5.62 and 7.15 µM, respectively. A prenyl group attached to the C-3 or C-12 position on the pyranocoumarin ring probably plays an important role on the activity. A hydroxyl group at
the C-10 position is also likely to enhance the activity.