bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solvent extraction in extended hydrogen bonded fluids – separation of Pt(iv) from Pd(ii) using TOPO-based type V DES
Authors: Vargas Silvia J. R. , Pérez-Sánchez Germán , Schaeffer Nicolas , Coutinho João A. P.
Published: May 2021

Criteria for the rational type V DES selection and application are determined through the separation study of Pt(iv) from Pd(ii).
Palladium-catalyzed regioselective direct C–H bond alkoxycarbonylation of 2-arylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines
Authors: Tanbakouchian Arezoo , Kianmehr Ebrahim
Published: May 2021

A palladium catalyzed method for regioselective alkoxycarbonylation of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines using W(CO)6, as the CO source, and alcohols has been reported.
Design and DFT study of nitrogen-rich donor systems for improved photovoltaic performance in dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Divya Velayudhan V. , Suresh Cherumuttathu H.
Published: May 2021

Donor modifications, especially through N-annulation, for enhancing the structure–performance relationship of D–π–A systems for DSSC applications.
The adsorption characteristics and mechanism of montmorillonite with different layer charge density for alkyl ammonium with different carbon chain length
Authors: Qiu Jun , Cui Kaibo , Wu Peng , Chen Guowei , Wang Yueting , Liu Dongliang , Jiang Shan , Wang Guifang
Published: May 2021

The crystal chemical properties of montmorillonite and the length and amount of straight alkyl ammonium chain affect the adsorption characteristics of alkyl ammonium on montmorillonite.
Hydrophobically modified PEGylated glycol chitosan nanoparticles: synthesis, characterisation and anticancer properties
Authors: Chong Wai Mun , Lim Vuanghao , Abd Kadir Erazuliana
Published: May 2021

A novel palmitoylated glycol chitosan polymer grafted with PEG (PGC-PEG) was successfully developed to form amphiphilic micelles in aqueous solution.
A chalcone-based fluorescent responsive probe for selective detection of nitroreductase activity in bacteria
Authors: Wangngae Sirilak , Pewklang Thitima , Chansaenpak Kantapat , Ganta Phongsakorn , Worakaensai Suphanida , Siwawannapong Kittipan , Kluaiphanngam Surayut , Nantapong Nawarat , Lai Rung-Yi , Kamkaew Anyanee
Published: May 2021

A new chalcone-based fluorescent turn-on probe (3c) responsive to nitroreductase (NTR) activity and its application toward the detection of bacteria are presented.
Design and preparation of a ternary MoC-QDs/C/Mo–S heterojunction for enhanced eosin Y-sensitized photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Li Teng , Yan Teng , Jin Zhiliang
Published: May 2021

Carbon film contributes to the separation of photogenerated carriers in the process of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
Graphene-coated nanoporous nickel towards a metal-catalyzed oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Qiu Hua-Jun , Johnson Isaac , Chen Luyang , Cong Weitao , Ito Yoshikazu , Liu Pan , Han Jiuhui , Fujita Takeshi , Hirata Akihiko , Chen Mingwei
Published: May 2021

We report that high OER activity can be achieved from the metallic state of Ni which is passivated by atomically thick graphene in a three-dimensional nanoporous architecture.
Microenvironment-tailored nanoassemblies for the diagnosis and therapy of neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Low Liang Ee , Wang Qiyue , Chen Ying , Lin Peihua , Yang Shengfei , Gong Linji , Lee Jiyoung , Siva Sangeetaprivya P. , Goh Bey-Hing , Li Fangyuan , Ling Daishun
Published: May 2021

This review discussed the design of stimuli-responsive nanoassemblies that can effectively penetrate BBB and interfere with various pathological factors of NME for effective diagnosis and therapy of neurodegenerative disease.
Recent advancements of nanomaterial-based therapeutic strategies toward sepsis: bacterial eradication, anti-inflammation, and immunomodulation
Authors: Zhao Yi , Pu Minju , Zhang Jingwen , Wang Yanan , Yan Xuefeng , Yu Liangmin , He Zhiyu
Published: May 2021

Sepsis, a life-threatening organ dysfunction, imposes high healthcare risk worldwide. Nanotechnology-based strategies are promising sepsis treatment approaches by eliminating bacterial infections and/or restoring immune homeostasis.
Enhancing and toughening plant oil-based polymeric materials through synergetic supramolecular and covalent interactions by introducing nucleobase-functionalized celluloses
Authors: Li Jianjun , Chen Jiaqi , Wu Jiang , Lei Handan , Tian Yuting , Yang Guang , Wang Zhongkai , Hua Zan
Published: May 2021

Renewable plant oil-based polymeric materials were enhanced and toughened through complementary H-bonding interactions by introducing nucleobase-functionalized celluloses.
Intercalating lithium into the lattice of silver nanoparticles boosts catalytic hydrogenation of carbon–oxygen bonds
Authors: Duan Xin-ping , Chen Tianyi , Chen Tianxiang , Huang Lele , Ye Li , Lo Benedict T. W. , Yuan Youzhu , Edman Tsang Shik Chi
Published: May 2021

Coinage metal nanoparticles with high dispersion can serve as highly efficient heterogeneous catalysts.
Correction: The prospects of developing a highly energy-efficient water electrolyser by eliminating or mitigating bubble effects
Authors: Swiegers Gerhard F. , Terrett Richard N. L. , Tsekouras George , Tsuzuki Takuya , Pace Ronald J. , Stranger Robert
Published: May 2021

Correction for ‘The prospects of developing a highly energy-efficient water electrolyser by eliminating or mitigating bubble effects’ by Gerhard F. Swiegers et al., Sustainable Energy Fuels, 2021, 5, 1280–1310, DOI: 10.1039/D0SE01886D.
The breakthrough in protein structure prediction
Authors: Lupas Andrei N. , Pereira Joana , Alva Vikram , Merino Felipe , Coles Murray , Hartmann Marcus D.
Published: May 2021

Proteins are the essential agents of all living systems. Even though they are synthesized as linear chains of amino acids, they must assume specific three-dimensional structures in order to manifest their biological activity. These structures are fully specified in their amino acid sequences — and therefore in the nucleotide sequences of their genes. However, the relationship between sequence and structure, known as the protein folding problem, has remained elusive for half a century, despite sustained efforts. To measure progress on this problem, a series of doubly blind, biennial experiments called CASP (critical assessment of structure prediction) were established in 1994. We were part of the assessment team for the most recent CASP experiment, CASP14, where we witnessed an astonishing breakthrough by DeepMind, the leading artificial intelligence laboratory of Alphabet Inc. The models filed by DeepMind's structure prediction team using the program AlphaFold2 were often essentially indistinguishable from experimental structures, leading to a consensus in the community that the structure prediction problem for single protein chains has been solved. Here, we will review the path to CASP14, outline the method employed by AlphaFold2 to the extent revealed, and discuss the implications of this breakthrough for the life sciences.
Casting iron into the cell fate mold
Authors: Kakhlon Or
Published: May 2021

This commentary discusses general concepts introduced in the article ‘Bulk autophagy induction and life extension is achieved when iron is the only limited nutrient in Saccharomyces cerevisiae’ by Montella-Manuel et al. (Biochem J (2021) 478: 811–837). Montella-Manuel et al. show that like central carbon metabolism, iron metabolism is also closely implicated in autophagy-mediated life extension via the TORC2 activator Ypk1p and the iron regulator Aft1p. While not being an iron-sulfur cluster protein, Aft1p interacts with such proteins and thus senses the redox status of the cell, which, similar to amino acids and AMP, reports its energetic status. Furthermore, glucose and iron deficiencies are interrelated as the diauxic shift in glucose depleted cells requires iron uptake for activating respiration in the absence of fermentation.
Social Media as a Platform for Cyberbullying of Individuals With Craniofacial Anomalies: A Preliminary Survey
Authors: Jones Alexis , Plumb Allison M. , Sandage Mary J.
Published: May 2021

Purpose

The primary aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which individuals with facial and/or speech differences secondary to a craniofacial anomaly experienced bullying through social media platforms during late school age and adolescence.

Method

Using an online survey platform, a questionnaire was distributed via several public and private social media groups designated for individuals with craniofacial anomaly and their caregivers.

Results

The majority of participants (n= 38; 88.4%) indicated they had been bullied during late school-age and adolescence and that they believed this was due to their facial difference and/or speech disorder (n= 27; 71.1%). Almost one third indicated they had been victims of cyberbullying during this time (n= 12; 31.6%) with the most common venues being texting and Facebook. Despite the large percentage of participants who reported being bullied through social media, half (n= 6) indicated they did not often report these instances of cyberbullying.

Conclusions

As social media use continues to increase, it appears inevitable that cyberbullying will occur. Particularly vulnerable to both traditional and cyberbullying are individuals with craniofacial anomalies. Because of the specialized training of speech-language pathologists, school-based speech-language pathologists are in a unique position to play a key role in school-wide antibullying efforts and to educate school personnel on ways in which to support the needs of children with craniofacial anomalies both inside and outside of the classroom.
Copper‐mediated polyurethane materials with enzyme‐like catalysis for biocompatibility improvement in blood environments
Authors: Dou Jiaxin , Li Peichuang , Zhao Yuancong , Zhou Lei , Li Xin , Wang Jin , Huang Nan
Published: May 2021

Because of their good performance, including biocompatibility and mechanical properties, polyurethanes (PUs) are widely used in medical devices. However, undesired compatibility troubles, including thrombus, inflammation, and hyperplasia, still limit the applications of PUs. In this study, copper‐mediated polyurethane (PU‐Cu) materials with enzyme‐like catalysis were prepared. The PU‐Cu materials effectively catalysed the nitric oxide (NO) released from endogenous NO donors because of the glutathione peroxidase (GPx)‐like function of copper ion. The PU‐Cu materials were respectively evaluated via platelet adhesion and endothelial cell (EC), smooth muscle cell (SMC), and macrophage (MA) cultures. Scanning electron microscopy results showed that PU‐Cu materials significantly inhibited platelet adhesion and activation. Meanwhile, PU‐Cu materials not only promote the proliferation of EC but also inhibit SMC growth. Moreover, MA culture results intuitively stated the anti‐inflammatory ability of PU‐Cu. In addition, experimental samples were implanted into the subcutaneous tissue of Sprague Dawley rats. The anti‐inflammatory function of PU‐Cu was further confirmed by haematoxylin‐eosin staining results. With regard to their excellent biological performance, PU‐Cu materials are proposed for biocompatibility improvement of blood‐contacting materials, which should in turn provide new ideas for advanced medical devices.
Deep learning‐based digital signal modulation identification under different multipath channels
Authors: Zhang Jiawen , Hu Su , Du Zhaonan , Wu Weiwei , Gao Yuan , Cao Jiang
Published: May 2021

Deep learning (DL) has been applied to digital signal modulation identification (DSMI) due to its powerful feature learning ability. However, most of the existing DL‐based DSMI methods are limited to specific experimental scene relating to the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel or static multipath channel. The result is that the trained network has deteriorative identification accuracy when the channel conditions change unless retrained. To solve the problem, this paper proposes a DSMI method suitable for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) under different multipath channels, including the variation of delay, path number and channel coefficient. This method can accurately detect the modulation feature rather than the channel's to identify the modulation type, thus reducing the network training amount. The method is divided into two parts. Firstly, traditional signal processing methods are combined, including various channel estimators and equalisers to compensate for the channel. Then a robust DL network, RSN‐MI, is designed as a classifier. Unlike other DL‐based DSMI methods, the influence of signal processing algorithms on DSMI performance are focused on rather than model parameters. Besides, the proposed classifier is compared with the DSMI classifier in other contributions. The results show that the classifier works better in different multipath channels.
A model for simultaneous location and coordination of protective devices in radial distribution networks
Authors: de la Barra Joaquín , Angulo Alejandro , Gil Esteban
Published: May 2021

Upgrading protection schemes in distribution networks can help electric utilities to improve the reliability of their supply. Fuses and reclosers are still the primary protective devices used in distribution grids, and their optimal allocation allows isolating faults with the least number of interrupted customers. However, most models used to select and locate protective devices optimally do not consider their coordination or rescue schemes for the fuses, resulting in unfeasible or impractical solutions. This paper presents a mixed‐integer linear program model for the simultaneous selection, localization, and coordination of protective devices (reclosers and fuses), considering the fuses' rescue schemes based on electrical criteria. Local reliability indices and economic penalties for violating minimum standards are integrated into the model, thereby providing new decision‐making elements. The proposed approach is tested in different distribution networks to showcase its key features. Computational experiments show that the proposed model can satisfactorily handle the trade‐off between costs and reliability.
IMG‐forensics: Multimedia‐enabled information hiding investigation using convolutional neural network
Authors: Khan Abdullah Ayub , Shaikh Aftab Ahmed , Cheikhrouhou Omar , Laghari Asif Ali , Rashid Mamoon , Shafiq Muhammad , Hamam Habib
Published: May 2021

Information hiding aims to embed a crucial amount of confidential data records into the multimedia, such as text, audio, static and dynamic image, and video. Image‐based information hiding has been a significantly important topic for digital forensics. Here, active image deep steganographic approaches have come forward for hiding data. The least significant bit (LSB) steganography approach is proposed to conceal a secret message into the original image. First, the lightweight stream encryption cryptography encrypts secret information in the cover image to protect embedded information from source to destination. Whereas the encrypted embedded cover information into the carrier of stego‐image with the help of the LSB and then transmit. In the proposed investigational scheme, a convolutional neural net is used. A model is trained to detect and extract patterns of image hidden features, encrypted stego‐image optimization, and classify original and cover images of steganography. Through the experiment result on the forensic image database for mobile steganography of the Center for Statistics and Application in Forensic Evidence, the overall embedded and extracting that the proposed scheme can achieve information hiding as well as revealing with an accuracy rate of 95.1%. The experimental result shows the robustness of the model in terms of efficiency as compared to other state‐of‐the‐art schemes.
Improved position estimation method for locating an encrypted COSPAS‐SARSAT beacon
Authors: Lee Jung‐Hoon , Song Young‐Jin , Jeong In‐Cheol , Won Jong‐Hoon
Published: May 2021

This study addresses a signal processing technique in a search and rescue system. An international disaster rescue communications support programme such as COSPAS‐ search and rescue satellite‐aided tracking (SARSAT) estimates the position of a beacon based on time difference of arrival (TDOA) and frequency difference of arrival (FDOA) techniques. To backtrack signals from encrypted beacons without knowing the encryption codes, the cross ambiguity function (CAF) is proposed to estimate the TDOA and FDOA, in which high sampling rates are needed to increase the positioning accuracy of existing CAF algorithms, which entail high calculation loads. To overcome this, an interpolation method is proposed for peaks of Fourier transform capable of maintaining high accuracy at low calculation loads after a well‐performed initial acquisition. The numerical simulation shows an improved estimation accuracy of the proposed algorithm compared with existing peak detection methods.
Modelling a multi-spacecraft coronal mass ejection encounter with EUHFORIA
Authors: Asvestari E. , Pomoell J. , Kilpua E. , Good S. , Chatzistergos T. , Temmer M. , Palmerio E. , Poedts S. , Magdalenic J.
Published: May 2021

Context. Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are a manifestation of the Sun’s eruptive nature. They can have a great impact on Earth, but also on human activity in space and on the ground. Therefore, modelling their evolution as they propagate through interplanetary space is essential.

Aims. EUropean Heliospheric FORecasting Information Asset (EUHFORIA) is a data-driven, physics-based model, tracing the evolution of CMEs through background solar wind conditions. It employs a spheromak flux rope, which provides it with the advantage of reconstructing the internal magnetic field configuration of CMEs. This is something that is not included in the simpler cone CME model used so far for space weather forecasting. This work aims at assessing the spheromak CME model included in EUHFORIA.

Methods. We employed the spheromak CME model to reconstruct a well observed CME and compare model output to in situ observations. We focus on an eruption from 6 January 2013 that was encountered by two radially aligned spacecraft, Venus Express and STEREO-A. We first analysed the observed properties of the source of this CME eruption and we extracted the CME properties as it lifted off from the Sun. Using this information, we set up EUHFORIA runs to model the event.

Results. The model predicts arrival times from half to a full day ahead of the in situ observed ones, but within errors established from similar studies. In the modelling domain, the CME appears to be propagating primarily southward, which is in accordance with white-light images of the CME eruption close to the Sun.

Conclusions. In order to get the observed magnetic field topology, we aimed at selecting a spheromak rotation angle for which the axis of symmetry of the spheromak is perpendicular to the direction of the polarity inversion line (PIL). The modelled magnetic field profiles, their amplitude, arrival times, and sheath region length are all affected by the choice of radius of the modelled spheromak.
Analysis of the reclamation canal condition and cleaning methods
Authors: Abdulmazhidov Khamzat
Published: May 2021

The operating quality of reclamation drainage and irrigation systems depends on the condition of their main elements. The main elements of reclamation systems are canals with various profiles, ranging from rectangular to parabolic. The most widespread in land reclamation are canals with a trapezoidal profile. At the same time, it is possible to note that the natural production characteristics of reclamation systems are quite diverse, this issue is especially relevant for geometric parameters of the canals. In this case, the stable slopes of canals, restoring their profile and cleaning from sediments and silting can only be provided by special complexes of machines. Knowledge of defect types and causes in reclamation canals allows them to be prevented and eliminated in a timely manner. One of the main tasks in this case is to ensure the stability of canal slopes.
Optimization of the width of the transportation corridor of tractor trains for agricultural purpose
Authors: Kushnarev A. N. , Kuznetsov E. E. , Shchitov S. V. , Evdokimov V. G. , Reshetnik E. I.
Published: May 2021

The main works related to the production and transportation of crop production take place in the Amur region in conditions when the surface of the movement has a weak carrying capacity, which imposes additional requirements on transport units to increase their traction-chain properties.So the issue of exporting crop products from the fields is important and relevant both for peasant farms (PF) and for private farms. The use of multi-link tractor trains (MTU) in the region is limited by a significant deterrent, such as the increase in the width of the transport corridor in turns. Why the issue of increasing the efficiency of the ICC should be considered both in the direction of increasing traction-chain properties, and at the same time optimizing the width of the transport corridor when it moves. The proposed article provides theoretical, experimental research and experience with the use of the designer and scientific novelty, designed to enhance traction-clutch properties and reduce the width of the MTU corridor in an arbitrary turn.
Productivity of sudan grass and sorghum-sudangrass hybrids depending on seeding rates and planting methods in the steppe dryland zone of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic
Authors: Kushkhov Aslan , Berbekova Natalya , Zhurtova Alena
Published: May 2021

The article contains the results of three-year field research in the steppe dryland zone of the republic, the best options of grass sorghum cultivation, which increase the gross yield of green forage and hay were developed. Optimum planting standards for dry steppe conditions, planting and harvesting methods of Sudan grass and sorghum-Sudangrass hybrids were identified to produce a high, more energy-intensive green and dry forage of the studied crops. The quality and feed qualities of fodder for production and direct feeding to animals are determined. The crop growing time after hay harvest and quantity for feeding after harvesting are given.
Impact of main tillage methods on weed infestation of crops in the winter maize, wheat, dried peas rotation
Authors: Tarchokov Khasan , Chochaev Magomed , Tutukova Julietta
Published: May 2021

The paper presents ways of suppressing weed plants, including a complex of agricultural practices aimed at reducing their harmful effects and further distribution. Many methods to control weed vegetation are known in the field cultivation technology. They differ in terms of the amount of expired costs and labor, economic and technical efficiency. As a result of our research, the impact of some tillage methods on the effectiveness of weed suppression on the main field crops in selected Kabardino-Balkaria natural climatic conditions is identified. The goal of the research is to determine the effectiveness of main tillage methods on the Ciscaucasian carbonate chernozems in different zones of the republic. In research conducted in 2015-2018 in the Kabardino-Balkaria steppe zone in crop rotation, with an alternation of maize-winter wheat-pea crops in the suppression of weed plants, a soil treatment system is allocated when the soil treatment on 12-14cm is combined with plowing to a depth of 25-28 cm with the use of related chemical herbicides of various spectrum of actions.
New maternal line of the Cornish breed of the “Smena” selection and genetic center
Authors: Emanuylova Zh. V. , Egorova A.V. , Efimov D. N. , Komarov A.A.
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the assessment of the selection effect of the new line CM6. It was found that the five-year selection of meat hens of this line resulted in their egg production increase by 15.5 and 1.25% in 30 and 60 weeks of life (2020). The increase in the yield of hatching eggs, their fertilization, hatching of chickens and the yield of chickens per 1 hen was 1.4; 1.1; 1.7; 5.1%, respectively. The live weight of 5-week-old young birds is increased both for cockerels and hens by 10.2-8.7%; enhanced muscularity of the chest and legs at this age by 2.7-2.6% and 5.6-5.7%; increased feed conversion by 3.3-2.5% (2020) pursuant to gender. The integrated indicator - the productivity index of broilers of the combination CM5679 in 2020 was 389 units, which is 25.5% higher than in 2016. The productivity of meat hens of the mother line of the Cornish CM6 breed is high, the bird is competitive.
Effect of probiotics and selenium-containing preparations on nonspecific resistance of calves
Authors: Eremenko Victor , Getokov Oleg , Dzagurov Boris , Kazanchev Safarbi , Ulimbashev Murat
Published: May 2021

Black-and-white Holstein calves were studied. 3 experimental groups were formed: they included calves of two weeks of age, 10 animals each. The calves of the first group received “Intestevit” probiotic with milk at the rate of 3 doses per day for 1 animal for 15 days. The second group of calves, in addition to “Intestevit” preparation, also received selenium-containing preparation “Selen Plex™” at a dose of 1 mg/kg. The third group was the control group. Blood for testing was taken from the tail vein before the morning feeding and the start of preparation feeding, 30 and 60 days after the use of these preparations. Feeding “Intestevit” preparation to calves from 15 days of age for 60 days increases the following indicators relative to the control group: total immunoglobulins by 8.4%; Leukocyte phagocytic activity (LPA) - 10.5%; serum lysozyme activity (SLA) - 20.1%; serum bactericidal activity (SBA) - 4.6%; T-lymphocytes (absolute content) - 14.1%; B-lymphocytes (absolute content) - 1.5%. Feeding “Intestevit + Selen Plex™” complex preparation to calves from 15 days of age for 60 days increases the following indicators relative to the control group: total immunoglobulins by 11.7%; LPA - 12.1%; SLA - 15.8%; SBA - 7.6%; T-lymphocytes (absolute content) - 17.8%; B-lymphocytes (absolute content) - 2.2%.
Intraspecific differentiation by exterior in horses of different breeds
Authors: Demin Vladimir , Tarchokov Timur , Ryabova Elena , Tsyganok Inna , Kulmakova Natalia
Published: May 2021

The analysis of the exterior features of horses of the roadster and heavy draft horse breeds by basic and supplementary measurements of body articles and conformation indexes was carried out in order to study the intraspecific differentiation. The results showed significant differences between the racing roadster breeds and heavy draft breeds. The racing roadster breeds were similar in most respects, but the Russian Saddle Horse had more differences compared to other roadster breeds. Soviet Heavy Draft mares were reliably superior to riding mares in most measurements and conformation indices, but inferior to them in terms of neck length. Our research has shown that the selection of highly specialized types of horses leads to a distinct differentiation between breeds of horses in the exterior structure. The resulting digital data should be used for the development of standards and regulations in the breeding of horses for different uses.
Effect of breeding chickens (gallus gallus l.) of the plymouth rock domestic meat cross “smena 9”
Authors: Emanuylova Zh. V. , Egorova A.V. , Efimov D. N. , Egorov I. A. , Komarov A. A.
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the assessment of the efficiency of se-lection of the initial lines of the Plymouth Rock breed of the domestic meat cross “Smena 9”. It was found that breeding of meat chickens of lines CM7 and CM9 (from 2016 to 2020) resulted in an increase in the live weight of the young, fleshing of the chest and legs at 35 days of age, the feed conver-sion for both cockerels and hens by 8.8-10.0%; 0.9-1.9% and 1.0-1.9%; 1.2-1.8%. In 2020, all juveniles of the paternal line CM7 at one day of age were the carriers of the marker gene K (100%), the maternal line Cm9 - the carriers of the marker gene K (100%). The accuracy of sexing of the maternal parental form CM79 is 99.7%. From one parental pair of the Smena 9 cross, 307.6 kg of meat was obtained, which is 14.2% higher than in the previous cross. The average daily gain of the final hybrid of the cross “Smen. 66 kg/kg; a 9” grown in the production conditions of the SGC “Smena” was 63.5 g; feed costs were at 1.66 kg/kg; preservation rate - 98.8%; the output of the pectoral muscles and the slaughter yield - 23.5 and 73.1% (against 56.3 and 71.4%). The bird of the cross “Smena 9” is competitive.
Method of increasing yield indicators of rice varieties in process of seed production
Authors: Ochkas N. A. , Goncharova Yu. K. , Braginа O. A. , Krikun K.S.
Published: May 2021

The paper describes a method for creating new and increasing the yield of existing varieties based on analysis variability elements of rice varieties yield structure under influence of environmental conditions. Seeding rates are used as a source of variability. Following trait are analyzed: seeds field germination, survival plants before harvesting, total tillering of plants, realization of total tillering, graininess of panicle, fertility of spikelets, weight of 1000 grains. Based on analysis, through onnections conjugated elements, the optimal values of elements structure of yield are determined, at which it takes the maximum value. Based on a set of optimal values, theoretical model of studied rice variety is being developed. Then, according to panicles selected in variety, single-row plots are sown for further propagation, rows with parameters of the yield structure elements set same with model of variety are selected, which makes it possible to increase the yield of Mavr rice variety by 39.18 centners / ha or 45.61%.
State and prospects of competition, communications and logistics of agro-food products
Authors: Rakhaev Hadis , Gyatov Anzor , Ivanova Zalina , Kokova Elvira , Chochaev Akhmat
Published: May 2021

Communication and logistics are one of the most important features of the markets; they permeate and constitute its content. Communication and logistics for commodity producers are also as important attribute as production itself, and sometimes even more. For this reason, commodity producers themselves directly and explicitly, but more often through other institutions (including the government), tend to set up stable exclusive communication systems and logistics. This article analyzes the state of the prospects for the formation of communications and logistics networks for agricultural products. The correlation of existing communications and logistics of agricultural products and other types of products (including finished industrial products of various purposes: from machinery, equipment, chemical products to defense, hydrocarbon, carbon and other raw materials, timber and other goods) is analyzed. The established linkages are revealed. They were quantified, calibrated and classified. The existing principles (comparative and absolute advantages) are reviewed and new principles are formulated (marginal player, marginal linkages), which describe the real situation in the markets of agricultural products more correctly. New criteria for grouping and reformatting existing communication and logistics networks, which make it possible to increase the competitiveness of domestic agricultural products are proposed.
Prospects for national agriculture in the new reality
Authors: Eneeva Madina , Gazaeva Madina , Toguzaev Takhir , Israilov Magamed , Kaisinov Zalim
Published: May 2021

The term “new reality” entered the lexicon of economists in the last decade. It means fundamental changes in the economy, which are predominantly economic in nature, also expanded in engineering and technology, sociology, politics and psychology. In 2020, the “new reality” supplemented with Covid-19. It seems that the reason for its strong influence on the economy is that Covid-19 is becoming a kind of economic factor related not even with the development of pharmacology, epidemiology, etc., but with the fact that it touched one of the most dynamically developing spheres of the economy - services. Agriculture has also faced the “new reality” in a new century. But in contrast to the economy, its “new reality” is formed by qualitatively different factors: climate, weather, social polarization of societies, increased consumption and decrease of the matrix of basic factors of agricultural production. In this regard, a study of the prospects for national agriculture merits attention.
Financial instruments of “green” economy development in Russia
Authors: Dubrova M.V. , Gusarova L.V. , Zhylina N.N. , Shamsutdinova M.R. , Ignatyev V.G.
Published: May 2021

Environmental problems are getting worse every year. The root cause of green finance is the climate change, pollution and the depletion of natural capital that threaten Russia’s competitiveness and productivity. Green financing means providing finance while enhancing the resource efficiency and reducing the impact on the environment and the global climate. Balanced adherence to financial, economic and environmental criteria is the main foundation. The new emerging financial instruments of a green economy do not have technical fundamental differences, but qualitatively form new conditions for the responsible investment process. The Russian green finance market emerged in 2018. The past period can be characterized by both a quantitative and a qualitative breakthrough in the system of green finance in Russia. At the same time, the issues of developing a mechanism of state support for the activities of non-profit organizations in the field of green finance, the participation of non-profit organizations in the implementation of environmental projects through the development of green financing instruments require consideration.
Ways of the lead-bearing slag waste utilization
Authors: Turebekova Gaukhar Zahievna , Akhmetova Saule Ospandiyarovna , Bagova Zarina Ilesovna
Published: May 2021

The article presents the results of research on the influence of lead production slag on the environment and ecology of the city. Due to the open storage of slags, an excess of maximum permissible levels (MPL) of lead was established: near the plant, the concentration of lead in the soil exceeds 3000 mg/kg, while the MPL is 3.2 mg/kg. The data of analyzes obtained by methods of scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis, performed on a scanning electron microscope (SEM), as well as the results of X-ray fluorescence semi-quantitative analysis, performed on an X-ray fluorescence wave-dispersive spectrometer, have been presented. The results of thermal analysis of samples in air in the 20-1000 °C temperature range are presented.It was revealed that lead slag contains a fairly high amount of toxic metal compounds. It has been established that the average content of toxic metals in slags formed as a result of the activity of a lead plant is: lead - 2, 38%; zinc - 9.81%; copper - 0.97%; iron - 25.31%; silicon oxide - 24.62%; calcium oxide - 16.21%; potassium oxide - 1.42%; sulfur - 1.35% of the total sample weight.The offered technology of a selective method for the extraction of non-ferrous metals allows to enhance the ecological state of the environment and reduce their negative impact on human health by means of the disposal of the lead production slags.
Application of biomonitoring technology in environmental engineering based on model groups of amphibiontic organisms (insecta: odonata)
Authors: Kozminov Sergey , Ketenchiev Khasan , Paritov Anzor , Krapivina Elena , Sunsheva Bela
Published: May 2021

The paper presents the results of the analysis of the use of amphibiontic organisms as bioindicators of the ecological environment, as model groups in ecological engineering. The solution to the conceptual problem of ecological engineering in the conservation of biological diversity is to take an inventory of natural, urbanized and agroecosystems. Among amphibiotic insects, the order Odonata stands out, with morphological plasticity, biological progress, adults and dragonfly larvae actively colonize aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems of various types. When moving to habitat in mountain biotopes, the linear body dimensions of dragonfly larvae of the species L. depressa L., S. meridionale Selys, C. puella L. decrease, which indicates unfavorable, contrastingly changing habitat conditions in mountain ecosystems. The taxonomic composition of dragonflies in lowland water bodies is represented by the suborders Anizoptera (7 species), Zygoptera (5 species), Caloptera (1 species). In the foothill water bodies - Anizoptera (5 species), Zygoptera (4 species), Caloptera (1 species), in mountain water - Anizoptera (4 species), Zygoptera (2 species). Most of the dragonfly taxa are characteristic of the plains and foothills with eutrophied biotopes characteristic of polysaprobic reservoirs with heavy pollution. In oligosaprobic biotopes, with little or no organic pollution in the water, dragonflies Ae. cyanea Müller and C. splendens Harris. The confinement of species to certain habitats, characterized in varying degrees of pollution by organic substances and their oxidation products, makes it possible to use dragonflies as bioindicators and organize background monitoring of ecosystems in the Central Caucasus.
Application of blockchain technology in accounting and audit: international and domestic experience
Authors: Nezhyva Mariia , Zaremba Olha , Nehodenko Viktoria
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the study of blockchain technology in the financial sphere of Ukraine, as well as accounting and audit of their application in domestic and international practice. The article contains data on the prospects of blockchain development in the world and in Ukraine, as well as information on the peculiarities of the use of such technologies in the perspective areas – accounting and audit. The article argues that the development of blockchain technology will enable the transition to more modern methods and techniques, which in turn will allow to modernize the accounting and auditing system. The principle of triple entry as a major component of blockchain technology in accounting is emphasized. One of the most promising areas of application of blockchain is accounting for accounts payable and receivable, tax accrual and payment, record keeping and documentation. The article highlights the advantages and disadvantages of using blockchain technology in the financial sphere of Ukraine.
Econophysics of cryptocurrency crashes: an overview
Authors: Bielinskyi Andrii , Serdyuk Oleksandr , Semerikov Serhiy , Soloviev Vladimir
Published: May 2021

Cryptocurrencies refer to a type of digital asset that uses distributed ledger, or blockchain technology to enable a secure transaction. Like other financial assets, they show signs of complex systems built from a large number of nonlinearly interacting constituents, which exhibits collective behavior and, due to an exchange of energy or information with the environment, can easily modify its internal structure and patterns of activity. We review the econophysics analysis methods and models adopted in or invented for financial time series and their subtle properties, which are applicable to time series in other disciplines. Quantitative measures of complexity have been proposed, classified, and adapted to the cryptocurrency market. Their behavior in the face of critical events and known cryptocurrency market crashes has been analyzed. It has been shown that most of these measures behave characteristically in the periods preceding the critical event. Therefore, it is possible to build indicators-precursors of crisis phenomena in the cryptocurrency market.
Improvement of the methods of assessing the influence of external factors on the strengths and weaknesses of the enterprise
Authors: Lozovik Yriij , Tishkov Bogdan , Pomazun Oksana , Derbentsev Vasily , Hostryk Alexey
Published: May 2021

In the article considered the issues of constructing a classic SWOT analysis matrix, forming a list of key factors of the external and internal environment to assess the degree of their impact on the activities of real enterprises of Ukraine, improving the method of conducting SWOT analysis through the use of scientifically based scales and indicators. The thesis justified that SWOT analysis and other classic strategic management tools are conceptually described, and their use causes many approaches to their mathematical formalization and use. We propose our own approach to quantifying the strengths and weaknesses of the enterprise, external threats and opportunities at the main ten stages. The focus is on step-by-step calculation of integrated indicators for the main groups of SWOT analysis and their qualitative interpretation. Examples of implementation of SWOT analysis for a real enterprise are given. The company’s strengths and weaknesses were identified. External capabilities and threats were analyzed. To assess the importance of indicators, a pairwise comparison technique was used, which provides for the estimation of indicators based on the average geometric value according to T. Saati. This made it possible to prioritize factors within the SWOT analysis methodology. Four quadrants are filled at the intersection of strengths/weaknesses, opportunities/threats and four types of potential strategies for the enterprise are described in the field defining: guidelines for the strategic development of the company; strategic advantages of the company; guidelines for the internal transformation of the enterprise; Limiting strategic development. Using a quantitative approach made it possible to build a SPACE matrix of strategy selection.
Immune-Mediated Myelopathies: A Review of Etiologies, Diagnostic Approach, and Therapeutic Management
Authors: Abdel-Wahed Lama , Cho Tracey A.
Published: May 2021

Myelopathy is a broad term used to describe a heterogeneous group of disorders that affects the spinal cord; the focus of this article will be a subgroup of these disorders with an autoimmune and inflammatory-based pathology. Symptoms typically develop over hours or days and then worsen over a matter of days to weeks, but sometimes can have a more insidious or subacute presentation, which can make the diagnosis more puzzling. Despite relatively low incidence rates, almost a third of affected patients are left with severely disabling symptoms. Prompt recognition of the underlying etiology is essential so that a specific targeted therapy can be implemented for optimal outcomes. The authors discuss a systematic approach to immune-mediated myelopathies, with a focus on the unique characteristics of each that may aid in diagnosis.
Myelopathies from Neoplasms
Authors: Lim-Fat Mary Jane , Dietrich Jorg
Published: May 2021

Benign and malignant tumors can be an important cause of myelopathy. Patients may present with a wide range of neurologic symptoms including back and neck pain, weakness, sensory abnormalities, and bowel and bladder dysfunction. Management can be challenging depending on the location and underlying biology of the tumor. Neuroimaging of the spine is an important component of diagnostic evaluation and patient management both during initial evaluation and when monitoring after treatment. This article provides a systematic and practical review of neoplasms that can cause myelopathy. Unique imaging and biological features of distinct tumors are discussed, and their management strategies are reviewed.
Robot-Assisted Stereotactic Shunting as a Novel Treatment for Pontine Glioependymal Cysts
Authors: Schieferdecker Simon , Hunsche Stefan , El Majdoub Faycal , Maarouf Mohammad
Published: May 2021

In this case report, the authors describe the first case of a glioependymal cyst of the brainstem managed by robot-assisted, stereotactic, cysto-ventricular shunting. Glioependymal cysts are rare congenital cystic lesions that are thought to form by displacement of ependymal cells during the embryonal period. Glioependymal cysts have been reported in a variety of different locations within the central nervous system. However, glioependymal cysts of the brainstem have only been described once before. Here, we report the case of a 53-year-old man who was referred to our department due to hemiparesis, hemihypesthesia, and hemidysesthesia, as well as facial and abducens nerve palsy. A large pontine glioependymal cyst was confirmed via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. The cyst was subsequently decompressed by connecting the cyst with the fourth ventricle via robot-assisted stereotactic shunt placement. In the postoperative course, the patient made a quick recovery and did not report any permanent neurologic deficits.
Selection Criteria for Lung Transplantation: Controversies and New Developments
Authors: Beeckmans Hanne , Bos Saskia , Vos Robin
Published: May 2021

Lung transplantation is an accepted therapeutic option for end-stage lung diseases. The imbalance between limited availability and vast need of donor organs necessitates careful selection of recipient candidates, ensuring the best possible utilization of the scarce resource of organs. Nonetheless, possible lung transplant candidates who could experience a meaningful improvement in survival and quality of life should not be excluded solely based on the complexity of their case. In this review, controversial issues or difficult limitations for lung transplantation, and new developments in recipient selection criteria, are discussed, which may help broaden recipient eligibility for lung transplantation without compromising long-term outcomes.
Skin Cancers and Lung Transplant
Authors: Wilken Reason , Carucci John , Stevenson Mary L.
Published: May 2021

It is well known that solid-organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) have a 65- to 100-fold increase in the risk of developing skin cancer, namely, nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) such as cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC). In addition, these patients are also at increased risk for development of melanoma as well as other less common cutaneous malignancies (Merkel's cell carcinoma, Kaposi's sarcoma). SOTRs with NMSC (namely cSCC) are also at significantly increased risk of poor clinical outcomes including local recurrence, nodal and distant metastasis, and disease-specific death relative to patients who are not immunosuppressed. Increased surveillance and monitoring in patients at risk of aggressive disease and poor outcomes who are on immunosuppression is essential in patients with lung transplants given the high degree of immunosuppression. Increased awareness of risks, treatments, and management allows for improved outcomes in these patients. This article will provide an overview of the risk factors for the development of cutaneous malignancies in organ transplant recipients as well as a detailed discussion of various immunosuppressant and prophylactic medications used in this patient population that contribute to the risk of developing cutaneous malignancies, with an emphasis on NMSC (cSCC and BCC) in lung transplant recipients. Finally, this article includes a discussion on the clinical and dermatologic management of this high-risk immunosuppressed population including a review of topical and systemic agents for field therapy of actinic damage and chemoprevention of keratinocyte carcinomas. In addition, indications for additional treatment and preventive measures such as adjuvant radiation treatment after surgical management of cutaneous malignancies and potential modification of immunosuppressive medication regimens are discussed.
Fungal Infection in Lung Transplantation
Authors: Kennedy Cassie C. , Pennington Kelly M. , Beam Elena , Razonable Raymund R.
Published: May 2021

Invasive fungal infections threaten lung transplant outcomes with high associated morbidity and mortality. Pharmacologic prophylaxis may be key to prevent posttransplant invasive fungal infections, but cost, adverse effects, and absorption issues are barriers to effective prophylaxis. Trends in fungal infection diagnostic strategies utilize molecular diagnostic methodologies to complement traditional histopathology and culture techniques. While lung transplant recipients are susceptible to a variety of fungal pathogens, Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. infections remain the most common. With emerging resistant organisms and multiple novel antifungal agents in the research pipeline, it is likely that treatment strategies will continue to evolve.