bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STYLES OF BUSINESS COMMUNICATION AS A MODEL: THE PHENOMENON OF STYLE, APPROACHES, RESEARCH, OPEN QUESTIONS. PART 1
Authors:   Institute of Psychology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tolochek Vladimir A.
Published: June 2021

Research into styles in psychology (from the 1950s to the 2000s) has undergone a kind of life cycle − from styles being widely studied to those falling into oblivion. Further constructive study of this problem requires creation of new R&D (research and development) programs, generalization of the experience gained in various schools of thought. The paper aims to provide a historical and theoretical analysis concerning the results of research on the phenomenon of «style» in Russian psychology; the research subject is the phenomenon of style (individual style of activity, styles of activity, styles of business communication). Hypotheses: 1. Regular reproduction of the same standard approaches in research and development does not promote constructive progress in the study of a scientific problem. 2. The study of the phenomenon of «style» based on the model of business communication styles allows us to emphasize several aspects in the evolution and functioning of style that were not distinguished when studying styles on other models (educational, sports, work). The article critically analyzes the history and results of studying the problem of style (individual style of activity, styles of activity) in Russian psychology (particularly within the Perm school), the use of the concept of «system» in Russian psychology, attitudes towards scientific opponents, trends in R & D within one school of thought, etc. The conditions for further constructive studies of the phenomenon of style are discussed (using new models that contribute to the discovery of new properties of style, making it possible not to attribute but to study its systemic properties as a unique psychological system; raising questions about the place and role of different styles in the processes of a phenomenon’s formation–development–functioning– disintegration, about the unity and difference of styles in the «chain» of their manifestations, about their structural and functional unity, about the self-similarity of their organization, etc.). Use of the model of business communication styles is believed to contribute to solving relevant scientific problems.
SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES IN MODERN RUSSIA AS AN INDICATOR OF THE MARKET OF GERIATRIC SERVICES AND SOCIAL SUPPORT FOR THE ELDERLY
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Goroshko Nadezhda V. ,   Novosibirsk State Medical University, Emelyanova Elena K. ,   Novosibirsk State Medical University
Published: June 2021

The paper considers the particularity of socio-demographic processes in modern Russia and the development of the market of geriatric services and social support. There is provided analysis of statistical indicators for age characteristics of the country’s population in the focus of the distinctive trend of the aging process, against the background of the quality of life deteriorating due to age-associated diseases. The article raises a question about the steady growth of demand for medical, social, and elderly care services, the creation of infrastructure on the basis of public-private partnerships, charities and commercial organizations. The problems existing in the segment of geriatric services and social support for the elderly are reflected. The authors demonstrate the limited availability of services rendered by public care institutions for the elderly and senile age people, this problem being caused by the high demand among the population against the background of a fairly low quality and insufficient number of such institutions. The paper considers the potential of private institutions for the elderly and also the constraints to the development of this segment. It is argued that the formation of the market of geriatric services and social support for the elderly population involves not only the creation of a network of specialized care and treatment institutions but also requires special attention to the coordination of efforts towards prevention of premature aging, formation of a healthy lifestyle, motivation to health maintenance, involvement of older persons in information and educational processes, provision of affordable and high-quality medical care, taking into account the peculiarities of health of the elderly and age-related diseases. The review of some federal laws, regulations, standards aimed at improving the system of social protection of elderly citizens is presented.
RURAL LIFE IN RUSSIA: MODERN AND HISTORICAL DISCOURSE
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Belyaeva Lyudmila A.
Published: June 2021

The problems concerning the development of rural areas and their key productive force — peasants — are not central to the sociological discourse of modern Russian science. At present, there are not many scientists focusing on socio-structural processes in Russian villages, including the changes in the social status, life world, and existential self-awareness of peasants. Meanwhile, some fundamental changes have taken place there over the post-Soviet period. They have had an impact on the society in general and altered the cultural, demographic, and anthropogenic landscape of the country. According to statistical data, the rural population has increased in Russia, while the number of those employed in agriculture has substantially reduced. We see the asymmetry of urbanistic processes with the high unemployment rate in rural areas of individual regions. There has occurred redistribution of land, including reduction of farming lands and concentration of land in the hands of agricultural holdings and large farm enterprises. The number of functioning small private farms has decreased, while their owners gradually join the group of wage employees or «precarium». These processes result in increasing social desertification: medical, educational, and cultural institutions rendering services to local population are being liquidated, while the transport accessibility of villages is reducing. The scale and consequences of this phenomenon have been insufficiently studied in sociological literature, especially with regard to the development of self-government in rural areas. We consider it timely to recall the practice of zemstvo (local municipal administration in Tsarist Russia) and achievements of zemsky (territorial) statistics that studied the life of peasants in post-reform Russia. Territorial statistical investigations played an important role in the development of scientific and theoretical framework for studying villages and peasants, as well as laid the foundation for sociology of rural areas in Russia. In practical terms, these studies brought transparency into the perception of issues associated with socio-economic differentiation in villages, distribution of land, labor migration, as well as meeting the needs of peasants in healthcare, educational institutions, etc. Territorial statistical specialists mastered the expeditionary method of data collection, a prototype of modern «field» surveys used in sociology. The activities of territorial councils as self-government bodies can provide an example of successful local initiative aimed at the development of Russia’s rural areas at the present stage.
Spiritual Significances of Vodoun as Demonstrated in Stout's 'Recurring Damballah Dream'
Authors: Grinage Elizabeth
Published: June 2021

In this art exhibition paper, I work to demonstrate a more accurate examination of Vodoun culture and values than is often portrayed in mainstream American media. I use Reneé Stout’s lithographic print Recurring Damballah Dream as a lens through which to analyze emblems of Vodoun culture, specifically within practices in Haiti and Louisiana, demonstrating the complexity and significance of Vodoun as a healing culture. Using Disney’s The Princess and The Frog as a misconstrued American representation of Vodoun, I attempt to characterize the ways in which Vodoun is belittled and demonized within colonial frameworks, projecting racial discrimination onto its practitioners.
The “Gec-Effect"
Authors: Luce Miles
Published: June 2021

My article seeks to track the queer relations to genre initiated by contemporary hyperpop artists like 100 gecs and SOPHIE. Hyperpop is a genre of pop music recently minted in the Summer of 2020 amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. My investigation of 100 gecs’ album, 1000 gecs and The Tree of Clues is a cross-disciplinary exercise in queer theory, gender studies, musicology, art history, and philosophy. The article primarily contributes to queer theory discourses on genre, gender, art, and the body. The article concludes with a meditation on “gec feminism,” articulating a critique of academic “standards” of writing and what kind of texts constitute “legitimate” objects of inquiry.
How China's Response to the Suez Canal Crisis Helped Shape Sino-Egyptian Relations
Authors: Stuart Logan
Published: June 2021

Gamal Abdel Nasser used his strong response to the 1956 Suez Canal crisis to elevate his political position within Egypt.  However, Nasser and Egypt did not respond to European and Israeli aggression alone.  World-wide political pressure caused the Suez Canal Crisis to serve as a turning point where French and British global dominance were surpassed by that of the United States and the Soviet Union.  However, China also played a substantial role in aiding Egypt.  In a recognition of Egypt’s analogical circumstances of ideological struggle versus imperial powers and out of a desire to establish stronger relations in the area, China used their state response to build stronger connections with both Nasser and Egypt.  As a result of the Chinese response to the Suez Canal Crisis, the foundations were laid for more positive Chinese-Egyptian relations for the next several decades.
Phenotype and Virulence Assessment of a Burkholderia pseudomallei Soil Isolate from Malaysia
Authors: Wong Rui-Rui , Baharom Khairom-Muslihin , Ghazali Ahmad-Kamal , Russ Hassan Abdul Karim , Nathan Sheila
Published: June 2021

Burkholderia pseudomallei, a Gram-negative soil saprophyte, is the causative agent of life-threatening melioidosis. B. pseudomallei from soil and water remains a common source of human and animal infection via skin abrasions, ingestion or inhalation. Despite the reported sero-prevalence in healthy individuals among Malaysian rice farmers, there are limited reports on B. pseudomallei isolated from water or soil around the country. In this study, we characterized a B. pseudomallei soil isolate and compared it to local clinical isolates. 16s rRNA sequencing was adopted to confirm the identity of the soil isolate, NC20. B. pseudomallei NC20 colony morphology, in vitro growth rate and antibiotic sensitivity were examined and compared to two B. pseudomallei clinical isolates, UM6 and D286. Virulence properties such as biofilm formation and infection in a nematode host were also examined. The soil isolate NC20 exhibited distinguishable features of B. pseudomallei, comparable growth rate and similar antibiotic resistance profile to UM6 and D286. Additionally, NC20 is a medium-level biofilm producer with levels similar to D286, where the amount of biofilm produced was much less relative to UM6. Interestingly, NC20 exhibited weaker killing of the Caenorhabditis elegans infection model relative to the clinical isolates. The comparison between soil-derived and clinical isolates of B. pseudomallei demonstrated that both soil and clinical isolates shared certain phenotypic properties but the soil isolate was somewhat less virulent than the clinical isolates used in this study.
Hercide Atrazine Alters the Microbiota of the Filametous Green Alga Cladophora sp. Cultured from Thailand
Authors: Satjarak Anchittha , Piapukiew Jittra , Chanthapatchot Wikrom , Ruen-Pham Karnjana , Vangnai Alisa S.
Published: June 2021

The attached green alga Cladophora known to harbor microbiota that play important roles in ecosystem, is one of the most common freshwater filamentous green algae in rivers globally, including those in the northern part of Thailand. These rivers mostly run through agricultural regions where herbicides are heavily used to improve crop quality and quantity. The extensively-used herbicide atrazine persists in soil sediments through transport by surface runoff to rivers. The effect of such herbicide contamination on Cladophora microbiota in Thailand have not been investigated. To acquire this information, 16S rDNA amplicons were used to compare microbiota of Cladophora sp. cultures treated with a spectrum of atrazine concentrations. The results showed that the Cladophora microbiome included at least 106 possible Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) representing twelve bacterial phyla which are Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Armatimonadetes, Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, Deinococcus-Thermus, Epsilonbacteraeota, Nitrospirae, Patescibacteria, Planctomycetes, Proteobacteria, and WPS-2, representing both core and local algal bacteria. The presence of atrazine was also correlated with changes in richness of bacterial taxa suggesting that these algal epibiotic bacteria were differently affected by atrazine treatments.
Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction using Response Surface Methodology for Extracting Flavonoids from Padina australis
Authors: Sari Bina Lohita , Haryani Tri Saptari , Triastinurmiatiningsih Triastinurmiatiningsih , Amalia Dinda Rizki
Published: June 2021

Seaweed or sea macroalgae are rich in potential compounds which can be used for the treatment of disease. Padina australis is one of the important brown macroalgae classes (Phaeophyes). One of the bioactive compounds of P. australis is a phenolic compound and its derivatives (flavonoid). In this research, P. australis was collected from Bayah Beach, Banten, Indonesia. For the extraction flavonoids from P. australis, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was employed. In this study, a three-level Box-Behnken design (BBD) and the response surface methodology (RSM) were employed to obtain the optimal combination of extraction conditions. The effects of several independent variables including temperature (30, 50, 70 ℃), extraction time (20, 40, 60 min) and ethanol concentration (30, 50, 70%) were investigated. The result showed that RSM was an accurate and reliable method in predicting the total flavonoid content with R2 value of 0.9935. The optimal UAE conditions for the highest yield of total flavonoid content were 49.70 ℃ in temperature, process time under 44.03 min, and 47.80% ethanol with 0.2162% total flavonoid content. Under the above conditions, the experimental value of total flavonoid content was 0.2144+ 0.0035%. The predicted and experimental values for total flavonoid from brown algae P. australis were not significant differences, it indicating that the developed models are accurate. Therefore, UAE using RSM is effective for the extraction of flavonoid from P. australis.
Effect of Food Colorants Supplementation on Reactive Oxygen Species, Antioxidant Vitamins Level and DNA Damage
Authors: Shakoor Sadaf , Ismail Amin , Zia-Ur-Rahman Zia-Ur-Rahman , Sabran Mohd Redzwan , Mohtarrudin Norhafizah
Published: June 2021

There are various undesirable products generated from endogenous aerobic metabolism such as reactive oxygen species (ROS). Physiological and biochemical lesions are caused by ROS and which give rise to oxidative damages towards DNA, proteins and lipids which ultimately lead to cell death. This study was aimed to examine the effect of oral administration of food colorants (tartrazine and curcumin) on the oxidants and antioxidants level in blood and fecal of rats after 15, 30, and 45 days. Two doses were used based on the admissible daily intake (ADI) of 9.6 and 96 (high) mg/kg/body weight for tartrazine, 3.85 and 38.5 6 mg/kg/body weight for curcumin. The results showed that oral administration of tartrazine had significantly increased the total oxidant level, arylesterase, glutathione reductase, and MDA whereas there was significantly decreased the total antioxidants level, catalase, glutathione peroxidase in plasma and fecal after 30 and 45 days. Vitamin E and C were decreased in plasma. Fecal showed high level of vitamin A. High dose of tartrazine caused alteration in the aldehyde reactive probe (ARP) sites of DNA showing the DNA damage. After 45 day, significant increment was observed in the level of AST in low and high curcumin treated group. Whereas, elevations of arylestrase were seen in high curcumin group after 45 day. High dose of curcumin significantly (P≤ 0.05) decreased the concentration of vitamin C after 45 days of treatment and increased the level of vitamin E in plasma of treated groups after 30 and 45 days of treatment. The present study showed that the ADI and doses up to 10 times higher than ADI showed negative effects on antioxidant level and demonstrated the importance of using appropriate doses of food colorants such as tartrazine and curcumin in different processed food products.
Views on Unassisted Childbirth among Mothers at a Teaching Hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Authors: Ismail Aniza , Anas Nur Farahani , Neo Shun Qin , Ab Ghani Najwa Hayati , Ridzwan Mahadi Muhammad Amir , Zainal Azeman Nur Izatul-Aisyah , Suddin Leny Suzana , Mohd Zulkefli Nor Afiah , Baharom Anisah
Published: June 2021

A cross-sectional study was conducted among mothers visiting antenatal clinic in UKMMC from 1st to 19th August 2016 to acquire opinions on unassisted childbirth and the determinant factors among mothers at a teaching hospital. Structured questionnaires were used in assessing their opinions on unassisted childbirth. A total of 259 respondents were recruited, 229 of them who met the inclusion criteria were included for analysis. Majority (87.3%) was Malay and 98.7% of respondents were more than 25 years old. The prevalence for mothers who agreed with unassisted childbirth was 6.6%. Bivariate analysis showed Malay (p=0.013) and non-working mothers (p=0.000) are the significant factors. There was no significant association between opinions on unassisted childbirth and quality of government healthcare services. Multivariate analysis showed middle income and non-working mothers were the significant factors contributing to opinions on unassisted childbirth. The outcome showed minority of mothers agreed with unassisted childbirth, middle income group and non-working mothers agreed on unassisted childbirth. Dissatisfaction to the quality of care at government healthcare services was not found to be the reason for unassisted childbirth. However, there could be other factors contributing to opinions on unassisted childbirth delivery which were not studied. Community-based study should be conducted to determine the other factors.
Down Syndrome and Cell Therapy: A Review
Authors: Salamt Norizam , Haji Idrus Ruszymah , Mohd Nasri Noor Wahidah
Published: June 2021

Cell therapy has been considered as an alternative treatment for many diseases, including Down syndrome (DS). However, this treatment remained debatable due to insufficient clinical data. Therefore, this study aims to identify and evaluate studies on the potential of cell therapy in improving the quality of life of DS patients. Relevant English articles and snowball sampling from Science Direct and PubMed (published until August 2019) on the effects of cell therapy on DS was retrieved. Only original articles on the effect of cell therapy in DS patients or Ts65Dn (trisomic) mice were selected. Two independent reviewers reviewed the articles with selective inclusion criteria using a standard data extraction form. Cell therapy showed no significant findings on the physical appearance, cognitive function, social, and behavior skills of DS patients. Interestingly, implantation of murine neural stem cell (mNSC) or murine neural progenitor cell (mNPC) showed better cell survival and response towards brain injury, decrease tau + granules and increase granules density in the dentate gyrus in the trisomic mice. mNSC/mNPC in mice brain was found to be able to migrate to the sites of the injury following chemokine signals and eventually provide neuroprotection and promote axonal growth. To conclude, mNSC/mNPC implantation could be considered as an alternative treatment for DS or DS with early onset of Alzheimer Disease (AD).
Evaluation of Uncertainties in Site Response Analysis of Deep Soil Profiles in South Carolina Coastal Plain
Authors: Dejphumee Siwadol , Sasanakul Inthuorn
Published: June 2021

The South Carolina Coastal Plain consists of deep soil sediments over basement bedrock. The depth of basement bedrock varies from being present at the surface to a depth of more than 1200 m at the southern tip of the state. A large variation exists in the thickness of the sediment, which impacts the seismic site response analyses of the Coastal Plain, particularly in areas where the availability of deep shear-wave velocity profiles is limited. This study evaluates the impact of variations in the shear-wave velocity profiles for two sites in the South Carolina Coastal Plain. The shear-wave velocity profiles were measured using different geophysical methods, including a combined multichannel analysis of surface waves and microtremor array measurement (MASW-MAM) method and P–S suspension logging. The equivalent-linear site response analyses were conducted by applying a synthetic earthquake motion at the depth of the B–C boundary (a depth of competent rock in which the shear-wave velocity is 760 m/s). The results are presented in terms of the amplification factor and its standard deviation. Results show that the average shear-wave velocity at the first 30 m (VS30), the shear-wave velocity contrast at the interface of the base layer and the B–C boundary, and the depth to the B–C boundary have a significant impact on the amplification factor and its variability, particularly for the amplification factor at periods higher than 0.1 s. The MASW-MAM method provided significantly lower VS30 values than the P–S suspension logging method at one of the two sites. Consequently, an additional peak in the amplification factor was observed for the site that had a low VS30, and the corresponding period was close to the resonant period of the loose, surface deposit.
Simplified Criteria to Select Ground Response Analysis Methods for Seismic Building Design: Equivalent Linear versus Nonlinear Approaches
Authors: Aimar Mauro , Foti Sebastiano
Published: June 2021

The possible amplification of seismic waves in soil deposits is crucial for the seismic design of buildings and geotechnical systems. The most common approaches for the numerical simulation of seismic site response are the equivalent linear (EQL) and the nonlinear (NL). Even though their advantages and limitations have been investigated in several studies, the relative field of applicability is still under debate.

This study tested both methods over a wide population of soil models, which were subjected to a set of acceleration time histories recorded from strong earthquakes. A thorough comparison of the results of the EQL and the NL approaches was carried out, to identify the conditions in which the relative differences are significant. This assessment allowed for the definition of simplified criteria to predict when the two schemes are or are not compatible for large expected shaking levels. The proposed criteria are based on simple and intuitive parameters describing the soil deposit and the ground-motion parameters, which can be predicted straightforwardly. Therefore, this study provides a scheme for the choice between the EQL and the NL approaches that can be used even at the preliminary design stages. It appears that the EQL approach provides reliable amplification estimates in soil deposits with thickness up to 30 m, except for very deformable soils, but this depth range may be extended at long vibration periods. This result reveals a good level of reliability of the EQL approach for various soil conditions encountered in common applications, even for high-intensity shaking.
Strong Motions on Land and Ocean Bottom: Comparison of Horizontal PGA, PGV, and 5% Damped Acceleration Response Spectra in Northeast Japan and the Japan Trench Area
Authors: Dhakal Yadab P. , Kunugi Takashi , Suzuki Wataru , Kimura Takeshi , Morikawa Nobuyuki , Aoi Shin
Published: June 2021

A large-scale permanent ocean-bottom seismograph network, named S-net, has been established in the Japan Trench area and consists of 150 observatories equipped with seismometers and tsunamimeters. Most stations at water depths <1500 m were buried to a depth of about 1 m while they were sited freely on the seafloors at greater water depths. To understand the characteristics of strong ground motions on the offshore area, we compared the horizontal vector peak ground accelerations (PGA), peak ground velocities (PGVs), and acceleration response spectra (ARS) between the land and S-net sites for nine earthquakes (5.3≤Mw≤7.1) using ground-motion prediction equations developed for Japan. We found that the observed values of PGAs and short-period (<0.5 s) ARS were generally similar between the land and S-net sites, whereas the PGVs and ARS for the periods longer than 0.5 s were apparently larger at the S-net sites. These results based on data covering a wide area on the seafloors were generally similar to the previous results based on limited ocean-bottom stations. However, analysis of the residuals, within the source-to-site distance of 200 km, revealed that the residual values were smaller in the shallow water region compared to those toward the Japan Trench, which is characterized by proximity to high Qs in the Pacific plate, the presence of thick unconsolidated sediments on the upper crust, and increasing heights of water columns. The difference of station settings in the shallow and deep water regions may also have contributed to the biased distribution of residuals at the short periods. Quantifications of these results are expected to contribute to the predictions of ground motions for earthquake early warning and seismic demand analysis of offshore facilities and await further analysis of a larger data set.
Source Process-Related Delays in Earthquake Early Warning for Example Cases in Greece
Authors: Vavlas Nikolaos , A. Kiratzi Anastasia , Roumelioti Zafeiria
Published: June 2021

We explore a hypothetical zero-latency earthquake early warning (EEW) system in Greece, aiming to provide alerts before warning thresholds of the intensity of ground motion are exceeded. Within the seismotectonic context of Greece, both shallow- and intermediate-depth earthquakes (along the Hellenic subduction zone) are plausible and, thus, examined. Using regionally applicable attenuation relations, we combine and adjust the methodologies of Minson et al. (2018) and Hoshiba (2020) to examine what are the minimum magnitudes required to invoke the warning thresholds at the user site. With simple modeling, we examine how fast an alert can be issued and what is the available warning time when taking into account delays due to finite-fault rupture propagation, alongside other delays. These computations are merged with delays introduced due to the present-day configuration of the Greek national monitoring network (varying spatial density of permanent monitoring stations). This approach serves as a tool to assess the feasibility of an EEW system at specific sites and to redesign the national permanent monitoring network to serve such a system more effectively (we provide results for four sites.). Warning times for on-land crustal earthquakes are found to be shorter, whereas for intermediate-depth earthquakes in Greece an EEW system is feasible (provides warning times of several tens of seconds at large cities, e.g., on Crete Island) even with the current configuration of the national monitoring network, which is quite sparse in the southern part of the country. The current network configuration also provides sufficient early warning (e.g., of the order of 10 s for a warning threshold of 0.05g) at the center of Athens from earthquakes of the eastern Gulf of Corinth—a zone posing elevated hazard in the broader area of the Greek capital. Several additional assumptions and factors affecting the operability of an EEW system in Greece (i.e., source process complexity and uncertainty in attenuation laws) are also discussed.
ENHANCEMENT OF SPECIALISED VERTICAL TURNING LATHE ACCURACY THROUGH MINIMISATION OF THERMAL ERRORS DEPENDING ON TURNING AND MILLING OPERATIONS
Authors:   Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Production Machines and Equipment (RCMT), Prague, Czech Republic, Mares M. , Horejs O. ,   Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Production Machines and Equipment (RCMT), Prague, Czech Republic
Published: June 2021

Achieving high workpiece accuracy is a long-term goal of machine tool designers. There are many causes of workpiece inaccuracy, with thermal errors being the most dominant. Indirect compensation (using predictive models) is a promising strategy for reducing thermal errors without increasing machine tool cost. A modelling approach using thermal transfer functions (a dynamic method with a physical basis) embodies the potential to deal with this issue. The method does not require interventions into the machine tool structure, uses a minimum of additional gauges and its modelling and calculation speed is suitable for real-time applications with fine results with up to 80% thermal error reduction. Advanced machine tool thermal error compensation models have been successfully applied on various kinds of single-purpose machines (milling, turning, floor-type, etc.) and implemented directly into their control systems. This research reflects modern trends in machine tool usage and as such is focused on the applicability of the modelling approach to describe specialised vertical turning lathe versatility. The specialised vertical turning lathe is adequately capable of carrying out turning and milling operations. Calibration of the reliable compensation model is a real challenge. The applicability of the approach during immediate switching between turning and milling operations is discussed in more detail.
IN-PROCESS MEASUREMENT AND NUMERICAL DETERMINATION OF THE TEMPERATURE IN THE CONTACT ZONE DURING SINGLE LIP DEEP HOLE DRILLING
Authors:   University of Stuttgart, Institute for Machine Tools (IfW), 70174 Stuttgart, Germany, Wegert R. , Guski V. ,   University of Stuttgart, Institute for Materials Testing, Materials Science and Strength of Materials (IMWF), 70569 Stuttgart, Germany, Moehring H. - C. ,   University of Stuttgart, Institute for Machine Tools (IfW), 70174 Stuttgart, Germany, Schmauder S. ,   University of Stuttgart, Institute for Materials Testing, Materials Science and Strength of Materials (IMWF), 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
Published: June 2021

In this presented work, the main objective is the in-process measurement of the thermal as-is state near the drilling contact zone by means of a sensor-integrated tool for single lip deep hole drilling (SLD). Additionally, the mechanical quantities feed force and drilling torque are evaluated. The process monitoring is essential to optimize the surface quality as well as the subsurface properties such as hardness and residual stresses. These quantities are strongly dependent on the thermo-mechanical as-is state in the cutting zone and in the contact zone between the guide pads and the drill hole surface. This contribution gives a project overview including the development of a sensor-integrated single lip deep hole driller for the in-process temperature measurement, the integration of sensor systems in the tool as well as the experimental investigations on the temperature, the feed force and the drilling torque during drilling of a 42CrMo4 steel. The temperature measurement at eleven positions in the driller head provides data to observe the heat generation, distribution, and flow independently from the workpiece characteristics. However, one of the greatest benefits is the non-destructive fashion of the measurement system with their sensor integrated in the tool and thus the reusability. A simulation method, which uses the experimental results as a reference, is used to predict the thermo-mechanical conditions in the contact zone of the drill head and the workpiece. The results of these thermo-mechanical process simulations and the validation of this applied FE approach using the measured quantities are presented, too. The results of this work are part of an interdisciplinary research project in the framework of the priority program "Surface Conditioning in Machining Processes" (SPP 2086) of the German Research Foundation (DFG).
INVESTIGATION ON THERMAL DEFORMATION IN LASER ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
Authors:   Kyoto university, C3, Kyotodaigaku Katsura, Kyoto, 815-8540, Japan, Kuroiwa Y. , Kono D. ,   Kyoto university, C3, Kyotodaigaku Katsura, Kyoto, 815-8540, Japan, Oda Y. ,   DMG MORI CO., LTD., 2-35-16 Meieki, Nakamura-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 450-0002, Japan
Published: June 2021

In metal additive manufacturing, a metal material is melted by a concentrated heat source such as a laser. Therefore, thermal deformation occurs in the fabrication, which causes deterioration of shape accuracy and crack of the workpiece. In this study, a method to systematically reduce the thermal deformation was discussed. The mechanism of thermal deformation caused by stacking and lining up the bead was investigated using finite element simulations and experiments. Based on the obtained results and thermal deformation theory in welding, a method to reduce the thermal deformation was proposed and the validity of the method was demonstrated by simulation.
COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR CONTROLLED THERMAL DEFORMATIONS IN MACHINE TOOLS
Authors:   Moscow State University of Technology STANKIN in Moscow, Department of Machine Tools, Moscow, Russia, Kuznetsov A.P. , Koriath H. J. ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU, Automation and Monitoring, Chemnitz, Germany
Published: June 2021

Progress in improving the accuracy of metal-cutting machines is inextricably linked and driven by deeper knowledge gained through the study of thermal processes and effects occurring in machines, which can be used to manage them. This led to the dominance of temperature errors in the balance of machine accuracy, the share of which changed from 20-30% to 70% during the period from 1950 to 2020, which is determined by the absolute value of the achievable machine accuracy. Types and forms of compensation methods were formed (1990-2020), which were based on the use of linear and nonlinear regression or correlation methods. Performing experiments can establish the functional relationship between the measured temperature in the machine nodes and the amount of displacement. With good repeatability and stable reproducibility of the result, an equation expresses this functional relationship. Applying this equation to a program, a control device compensates the thermal deformations. However, in all cases, it is necessary to determine the number and location of temperature measurements on the machine, determining the compensation accuracy. The proposed sensorless model is based on a thermal behavior model and does not require temperature measurements. A method is presented and justified for estimating the number of temperature measurement locations based on thermophysical analysis by applying the finite element method in comparison with the analytical method in order to achieve the required compensation accuracy. For several machine tool types, a comparison is given regarding the control method of the TCP spindle displacement without sensors and with temperature sensors. The limits of their rational use are presented.
CHARACTERIZATION OF HEAT CONDUCTIVITY OF ECCENTRICALLY ROTATING HEAT PIPES USED FOR COOLING OF MOTOR SPINDLES
Authors:   Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Institute of Production Engineering and Machine Tools (IFW), Garbsen, Germany, Denkena B. , Bergmann B. ,   Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Institute of Production Engineering and Machine Tools (IFW), Garbsen, Germany, Kono K. ,   Makino Milling Machine Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan, Ishiguro R. ,   Makino Milling Machine Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan, Klemme H. ,   Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Institute of Production Engineering and Machine Tools (IFW), Garbsen, Germany
Published: June 2021

Heat losses within motor spindles lead to undesired effects such as machining inaccuracies and de-creasing lifetime of the motor and bearings. To reduce thermal loads, complex shaft cooling concepts with costly sealing techniques exist. For this reason, a novel, less costly cooling concept has been de-veloped based on heat pipes with high thermal conductivity and fin-shaped heat exchangers. The de-sign and integration of these heat exchanger elements into a motor spindle is carried out using the fi-nite element method. The aim is to optimize the efficiency of the heat pipes and heat exchangers for optimal shaft cooling performance. For a simulation-based development of a prototype spindle, un-known thermal characteristics of the heat transfer elements must be determined. In this paper, the de-termination of the thermal conductivity of the heat pipes is described. The determination of conductivi-ty is done experimentally. First, the developed test rig and the applied procedure for the determination of the conductivity are shown. Subsequently, the experimental results are presented and discussed. Two types of heat pipes were analyzed: Copper heat pipes with sintered wick structure and nickel-plated copper heat pipes with axial grooves. The influences of rotational speed, heat flow rates and the angle between the heat pipe and main axis of rotation were investigated. The results indicate a distinct dependency of the conductivity on the varied parameters. However, changes of parameter values have very different quantitative and qualitative effects on the determined conductivities de-pending on the type of heat pipe.
EXAMINATION OF HEAT PIPE BASED SYSTEMS FOR ENERGY-EFFICIENT REDUCTION OF THERMALLY INDUCED ERRORS IN MACHINE TOOLS
Authors:   Professorship for Adaptronics and Lightweight Design, Technische Universitaet Chemnitz, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany, Voigt I. , Drossel W.-G. ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology, Noethnitzer Straße 44, 01187 Dresden, Germany
Published: June 2021

Variable heat sources in machine tools lead to unsteady displacement fields and hence necessitate temperature control in order to maintain the required positioning accuracy. Adding passive components that redistribute heat through heat storage and heat transport within the machine tool is one approach to compensate for thermal errors. While including latent heat storage components reduces the machine response to heat inputs in a certain temperature range, highly conductive elements like heat pipes provide the option to transport heat losses to environmental air or further components. Thereby, the temperature field around heat emitting machine components can be altered aiming for a reduction of thermal displacements of the tool center point. In order to guarantee the efficacy of corresponding compensation systems in machine tools, the performance of heat pipes under accelerating forces has to be determined. The present paper presents findings of experimental investigations on translationally moved heat pipes conducted on a linear direct drive based test rig. A simulation approach for modeling the heat transfer limits of heat pipes is proposed providing a high compatibility with finite element models. Different scenarios for the use of heat pipes in machine tools are demonstrated and evaluated by means of numerical results.
PENGEMBANGAN MULTIMEDIA TUTORIAL BERFITUR PETA KONSEP UNTUK BELAJAR LAPISAN BUMI SISWA MTs
Authors:   Jurusan Teknologi Pendidikan, Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Negeri Malang, Handoko Moh. Dwi , Sulthoni Sulthoni ,   Jurusan Teknologi Pendidikan, Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Negeri Malang, Ulfa Saida ,   Jurusan Teknologi Pendidikan, Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Negeri Malang
Published: June 2021

Multimedia tutorial lapisan bumi menjadi pelengkap dalam pembelajaran IPA di MTs Negeri 2 Nganjuk. Multimedia tutorial lapisan bumi didesain untuk menguatkan materi pelajaran IPA yang bersifat enrichment atau remidial dalam pembelajaran konvensional. Multimedia tutorial lapisan bumi adalah media pembelajaran yang dapat digunakan secara mandiri maupun kelompok yang memiliki fitur unggulan peta konsep untuk meningkatkan motivasi dan pemahaman belajar siswa. Tujuan pengembangan ini menghasilkan multimedia tutorial, serta mengetahui kelayakan dari multimedia yang dikembangkan. Model Penelitian ini menggunakan model Lee & Owens. Hasil pengembangan Multimedia Tutorial Lapisan Bumi sebagai Komplemen Pembelajaran IPA berfitur Peta Konsep mendapatkan respon positif oleh ahli media dan ahli materi serta layak digunakan dan ada peningkatan hasil belajar.
Point of care B mode ultrasound in Neurological Emergencies
Authors: Cardozo Alejandro
Published: June 2021

Bedside ultrasound allows diagnostic, therapeutic and monitoring approaches in critically ill patients. Currently ultrasound enables to perform a scan almost of all body regions in both adult and pediatric populations. Head and especially central nervous system, have traditionally been excluded, based on the idea that access to the brain is not possible given the limitation of the skull, Therefore in adults, the main ultrasound applications in central nervous system assessment have been limited to the transcranial Doppler and the measurement of the optic nerve sheath as a subrogate finding of intracranial hypertension. Nonetheless, through the temporal bone window it is possible to visualize the midline (third ventricle), nuclei basal ganglia, the mesencephalon and the lateral ventricles: the basic structures for the brain ultrasound Although the Gold standard for the initial assessment of many neurological pathologies in the emergency department is computed tomography; the ultrasonography allows an approximation to the midline shift and acute bleeding, combined with transcranial doppler some hemodynamics estimations can be acceded, this allow the diagnosis or follow-up of increased intracranial pressure which could favor pharmacological treatments and follow the therapeutic effect. In this review, basic B mode neurosonology for the emergency physician is explored and future directions discussed.
Anthropometric measures in predicting myocardial infarction risk. Do we know what we are measuring? Bias in research occurred worldwide when the true unhealthy body composition was not well compared
Authors: Castellanos Angel
Published: June 2021

Obesity is a major risk factor for myocardial infarction (MI). However, how to measure whole-risk with simple baseline characteristics? Anthropometrically, association for metrics does not equate causation on incident MI. Besides, association may present effects of bias rather than the true putative risk may be responsible for all or much of the epidemiological causality, and a different body composition between groups with similar baseline confounding variables may provide false-positives in outcomes. Thus, in evaluating whole-risk by anthropometry all metrics are not enterely valid at all times, and the lack of balance between measurements will be particularly prone to the generation of false-positive results. The purpose of this article is to critically review key findings for association biases from different studies. From the INTERHEART, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) has been deemed as an excellent MI risk predictor, and other results have conferred to WHR a greater excess risk in women than in men. Nevertheless, a novel insight have revealed that WHR-associated risk would appear biased if metrics to compare had no balance and equivalence relation. Baseline characteristics of thousands of MI cases are well known, but anthropometry, mathematics and epidemiology have taught us something, and comment on it below. To date, no method was used to address biases for balancing the distribution of measurements between groups to be compared. Thus, WHR and waist circumference as being mathematical fraction and unit of whole-length, repectivelly, presented association biases when true unhealthy body composition was not well compared by group and by sex. It occurred for unbalancing both measurements and unhealthy body composition when comparing strength of association for metrics. Only waist-to-height ratio as being measure directly associated to a volume of risk yields no biases and should be the metric used to compare the body composition of risk, either by age or by sex.
Clinical study, management of diabetic foot and its complications
Authors: Dhanraj Manivannan , Thanislas Paulia Devi , Samidurai Maniselvi , Ross Kannan
Published: June 2021

Background: Diabetic foot infections are frequently polymicrobial. Hyperglycemia, impaired immunologic responses, neuropathy and peripheral arterial disease are the major predisposing factors leading to limb-threatening diabetic foot infections. The aim of the study was to study the benefit and outcome of the different treatment modalities for the diabetic foot.Methods: This study was conducted comprising 100 patients with diabetic foot in the department of general surgery at Rajiv Gandhi government general hospital, MMC from January 2019 to June 2020, over 12 months. Data were collected by detailed history, clinical examination, wound or ulcer and were recorded in the pre-designed proforma. Wagner’s classification, examination findings, blood investigations, renal function test, a swab of the wound, X-ray and treatment provided were collected.Results: Commonest presenting lesion was ulcers (44%), followed by gangrene (24%) and cellulitis (20%). The commonest site of the lesion was the dorsum of the foot (32%), followed by forefoot (28%) and toes (22%). Trivial trauma is the initiating factor in more than half of the cases. More than half of the patients, 82% had an infection. The most common microorganism grown from culture was Staphylococcus aureus (30%).Conclusions: Diabetic patients at risk for foot lesions must be educated about risk factors. The multidisciplinary team approach diabetic foot disorders has been demonstrated as the optimal method to achieve favorable rates of limb salvage in a high-risk diabetic patient. Infection in a diabetic foot is potentially limb-threatening and always requires urgent diagnostic and therapeutic attention.
Interception of developing anterior malocclusion due to supernumerary tooth by “2 x 4 Appliance”: A clinical case report
Authors: Verma Jaya , Ahuja Vipin
Published: June 2021

Interceptive orthodontics in mixed dentition period of children is practiced to prevent the severity of incurred malocclusion at an incipient juncture of life. Identifying malocclusion at a very early phase and diagnosing it at right age can help the pediatric dentists to achieve stability as far as the treatment is concerned. Mesiodens is a common type of supernumerary tooth which is found commonly in the incisor region of oral cavity. This anomalous occurrence can lead to varied complications like unerupted teeth, displaced teeth etc. This case report deciphers a case of mesiodens causing anterior teeth malocclusion and its management by 2 x 4 Orthodontic appliance.