bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Natural Product Synthesis in the Age of Scalability
Authors: Kuttruff Christian A. , Eastgate Martin D. , Baran Phil S.
Published: June 2014

Review: 163 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Applications of Cp2TiCl in Natural Product Synthesis
Authors: Morcillo Sara P. , Miguel Delia , Campana Araceli G. , Alvarez de Cienfuegos Luis , Justicia Jose , Cuerva Juan M.
Published: June 2014

Review: 154 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Carbonylation Reactions of Olefins and Alkynes: A Personal Account
Authors: Wu Xiao‐Feng , Fang Xianjie , Wu Lipeng , Jackstell Ralf , Neumann Helfried , Beller Matthias
Published: June 2014

Review: 46 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐Phase Synthetic Approach Toward the Synthesis of Oxygen‐Containing Heterocycles
Authors: Kaur Navjeet , Kishore Dharma
Published: June 2014

Review: 72 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Celecoxib, Its Pro‐Drugs and Radiolabeled Derivatives. A Brief Review
Authors: Shang You , Du Jiadi , Cui Hong
Published: June 2014

Review: 85 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Synthetic Application of Difluorocarbene
Authors: Ni Chuanfa , Hu Jinbo
Published: June 2014

Review: [91 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitrogen‐Containing Six‐Membered Heterocycles: Solid‐Phase Synthesis
Authors: Kaur Navjeet , Kishore Dharma
Published: June 2014

Review: 82 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective anti‐Selective Hydrogenation of α‐Amino‐β‐keto Ester Hydrochlorides and Related Compounds Using Transition‐Metal‐Chiral‐Bisphosphine Catalysts
Authors: Hamada Yasumasa
Published: June 2014

Review: [28 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Towards Sustainable Polymer Chemistry with Homogeneous Metal‐Based Catalysts
Authors: Schroeder Kristin , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof , Noonan Kevin J. T. , Mathers Robert T.
Published: June 2014

Review: 226 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Renewable Terephthalate Polyesters from Carbohydrate‐Based Bicyclic Monomers
Authors: Munoz‐Guerra Sebastian , Lavilla Cristina , Japu Cristina , Martinez de Ilarduya Antxon
Published: June 2014

Review: [96 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Use of Lipases as Biocatalysts for the Epoxidation of Fatty Acids and Phenolic Compounds
Authors: Aouf Chahinez , Durand Erwann , Lecomte Jerome , Figueroa‐Espinoza Maria‐Cruz , Dubreucq Eric , Fulcrand Helene , Villeneuve Pierre
Published: June 2014

Review: 159 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of 3,3‐Disubstituted Oxindoles: Diazooxindole Joins the Field
Authors: Cao Zhong‐Yan , Wang Yu‐Hui , Zeng Xing‐Ping , Zhou Jian
Published: June 2014

Review: [57 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,4‐Zwitterionic Intermediates Formed by Cleavage of a Cyclobutane Ring and Their Cycloaddition Reactions
Authors: Matsuo Jun‐ichi
Published: June 2014

Review: [32 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biocatalysis as a Strategic Green Technology for the Chemical Industry
Authors: Wells Andy , Meyer Hans‐Peter
Published: June 2014

Review: 9 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Heart Regeneration: Opportunities and Challenges for Drug Discovery with Novel Chemical and Therapeutic Methods or Agents
Authors: Plowright Alleyn T. , Engkvist Ola , Gill Adrian , Knerr Laurent , Wang Qing‐Dong
Published: June 2014

Review: [120 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Microbial Cell Factories: Towards an Industrial Production of Isoprenoids
Authors: Mirata Marco Antonio
Published: June 2014

Review: 10 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bioorganometallic Chemistry with IspG and IspH: Structure, Function, and Inhibition of the [Fe4S4] Proteins Involved in Isoprenoid Biosynthesis
Authors: Wang Weixue , Oldfield Eric
Published: June 2014

Review: 101 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Amplification by Nucleic Acid‐Templated Reactions
Authors: Michaelis Julia , Roloff Alexander , Seitz Oliver
Published: June 2014

Review: 101 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Battle for the “Green” Polymer. Different Approaches for Biopolymer Synthesis: Bioadvantaged vs. Bioreplacement
Authors: Hernandez Nacu , Williams R. Christopher , Cochran Eric W.
Published: June 2014

Review: 101 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Antagonists of the Kappa Opioid Receptor
Authors: Urbano Mariangela , Guerrero Miguel , Rosen Hugh , Roberts Edward
Published: June 2014

Review: 67 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Optimizing Reactor Systems: Algorithms, On‐Line Analytics, Setups, and Strategies for Accelerating Continuous Flow Process Optimization
Authors: Fabry David C. , Sugiono Erli , Rueping Magnus
Published: June 2014

Review: [26 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: CO2 Fixation Through Hydrogenation by Chemical or Enzymatic Methods
Authors: Beller Matthias , Bornscheuer Uwe T.
Published: June 2014

Review: 20 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Microextraction in Packed Syringe: Solvent‐Minimized Sample Preparation Technique
Authors: Palenikova Agnesa , Hrouzkova Svetlana
Published: June 2014

Review: 69 refs.
Eine Einführung in die Quantenchemie
Authors: Jansen Georg
Published: June 2014

In der Quantenchemie wird die grundlegende physikalische Theorie der Quantenmechanik zur quantitativen Beschreibung chemischer Substanzen und ihrer Reaktionen angewendet. Eine klare Aufgabe – aber nicht ganz so leicht umzusetzen. Der Artikel geht zunächst auf einige Aspekte der Quantenmechanik ein, die exotisch scheinen mögen, in der Welt der Elektronen und Atomkerne aber normal sind. Er diskutiert dann eine Reihe grundlegender Näherungen, mit deren Hilfe wir uns in dieser Welt zurecht finden können. Schließlich deutet der Artikel gelegentlich an, wie daraus in Computerprogramme implementierte quantenchemische Methoden entstehen, deren Resultate beim Verstehen und der Vorhersage der Eigenschaften und des Verhaltens chemischer Systeme helfen.
Raffinose + Raffinase = Raffinade: Raffiniert!
Authors: Winkler Markus , Steinke Katrin , Oehme Ramona , Berger Stefan , Sicker Dieter , Siehl Hans‐Ullrich , Zeller Klaus‐Peter
Published: June 2014

Raffinose wurde aus den Samen der Blauen Süßlupine durch Extraktion mit 50% Ethanol gewonnen und über eine Kationen‐Austauschersäule sowie schließlich durch analytische HPLC mit Hilfe eines RI‐Detektors gereinigt. Alle analytischen Spektren sind vollständig entweder im Hauptteil oder in der supporting information wiedergegeben. Die NMR‐ sowie die Massenspektren werden eingehend interpretiert und mit theoretischen Berechnungen der 13C chemischen Verschiebungen verglichen. Das Projekt stellt eine Fortsetzung des Buches “Classics in Spectroscopy” von S. Berger und D. Sicker (Wiley‐VCH 2009) dar.
75 Jahre DDT
Authors: Hübner Karl
Published: June 2014

Fluch und Segen liegen manchmal eng beieinander. In der chemischen Industrie kennt man diese Nähe nur zu gut. Die Branche hat manches hervorgebracht, was für die einen Triumphe menschlicher Genialität mit großem Nutzen für die Menschheit schien, für Teile dieser Menschheit aber zum Gegenstand unversöhnlichen Hasses wurde.
Marihuana‐Medizin macht Ernst
Authors: Groß Michael
Published: June 2014

Legale Cannabis‐Produkte für medizinische Zwecke sind auf dem Vormarsch, und auch der Joint als Freizeitvergnügen wurde mancherorts bereits legalisiert. Für analytische Laboratorien eröffnet sich ein neuer Markt in der Qualitätskontrolle von Cannabisprodukten.
Chemie, die uns guttut
Authors: Harrer Roswitha
Published: June 2014

Der Löwenanteil der Produktion von Superabsorbern geht in die Windelindustrie. Kaum jemand kann sich mehr vorstellen, auf diese bequemen Einmalartikel zu verzichten. Auch Hygieneartikel für Frauen und Inkontinenzprodukte funktionieren auf der chemischen Basis von Superabsorbern, und sie sind ein stetig wachsender Markt. Es geht um diskrete Hygiene mit Hilfe eines chemischen Produkts: Superabsorber tun gut.
The effects of word‐of‐mouth consistency on persuasiveness
Authors: Chang Sue‐Ting , Lin Tom M. Y. , Luarn Pin
Published: June 2014

Word of mouth (WOM) consistency can be readily observed in online product evaluations. Previous studies on the influence of WOM consistency on purchase intentions have showed contradictory results. In this research, we identify how stronger persuasiveness of WOM is achieved when consistency, product type, and review content work together. Study 1 shows that regarding search goods, highly consistent factual reviews are more persuasive. Study 2 shows that concerning experience goods and credence goods, highly consistent experiential reviews have greater persuasiveness. However, low WOM consistency can also achieve stronger persuasiveness under some circumstances. Moreover, in Study 3, we replicate our findings and explore the possible underlying mechanism. Copyright © 2014 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The subjective valuation of coins and bills
Authors: Dolansky Eric
Published: June 2014

There is more to how individuals value money than just the denomination, based on several recent research articles. Could the very form of money, whether paper or metal, be a basis for such subjective valuation? A theoretical explanation based on the representativeness bias is explored and three experimental studies are employed to investigate this question. The results show that there is a bias in how the value of money is assessed based on whether that money is comprised of coins or bills. Bills are estimated to have more purchasing power than coins for the same objects, including for a different currency where a specific exchange rate is given. Copyright © 2014 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact on abiraterone pharmacokinetics and safety: Open‐label drug–drug interaction studies with ketoconazole and rifampicin
Authors: Bernard Apexa , Vaccaro Nicole , Acharya Milin , Jiao James , Monbaliu Johan , De Vries Ronald , Stieltjes Hans , Yu Margaret , Tran Namphuong , Chien Caly
Published: June 2014

We evaluated the impact of a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, ketoconazole, and a strong inducer, rifampicin, on the pharmacokinetic (PK) exposure of abiraterone in two studies in healthy men. All subjects received 1,000 mg of abiraterone acetate on Days 1 and 14. Study A subjects (n = 20) received 400 mg ketoconazole on Days 11–16. Study B subjects (n = 19) received 600 mg rifampicin on Days 8–13. Serial PK sampling was done on Days 1 and 14. Study A: When given with ketoconazole, abiraterone exposure increased by 9% for maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and 15% for area under the plasma concentration–time curve from 0 to time of the last quantifiable concentration (AUClast) and AUC from time 0 to infinity (AUC∞) compared to abiraterone acetate alone. Study B: When given with rifampicin, abiraterone exposure was reduced to 45% for Cmax and AUC∞ and to 42% for AUClast compared to abiraterone acetate alone. Ketoconazole had no clinically meaningful impact on abiraterone exposure. Rifampicin decreased abiraterone exposure by half. Hence, strong CYP3A4 inducers should be avoided or used with careful evaluation of clinical efficacy when administered with abiraterone acetate.
The Local Kinetic Energy Profile of an Inverted CarbonCarbon Bond Reveals and Refines its Charge‐Shift Character
Authors: Jacobsen Heiko
Published: June 2014

Analysis of the kinetic energy density within a molecule identifies patterns in its electronic structure that are linked to the concept of charge‐shift bonding. This is illustrated in a detailed study of twelve molecules, possessing carbon‐carbon covalent as well as carbon‐carbon charge‐shift bonds in various degrees of orders, including propellanes and heteropropellanes. Regions of slow electrons are fundamental for such a correlation, and a RoSE (region of slow electrons) indicator ν±, based on the positive definite kinetic energy density τ, is employed to characterize classes of charge‐shift bonds in terms of its full topology of all critical points of rank three.
Studying the Therapeutic Process by Observing Clinicians' In‐Session Behaviour
Authors: Montaño‐Fidalgo Montserrat , Ruiz Elena M. , Calero‐Elvira Ana , Froján‐Parga María Xesús
Published: June 2014

This paper presents a further step in the use and validation of a systematic, functional‐analytic method of describing psychologists' verbal behaviour during therapy. We observed recordings from 92 clinical sessions of 19 adults (14 women and 5 men of Caucasian origin, with ages ranging from 19 to 51 years) treated by nine cognitive–behavioural therapists (eight women and one man, Caucasian as well, with ages ranging from 25 to 48 years). The therapists' verbal behaviour was codified and then classified according to its possible functionality. A cluster analysis of the data, followed by a discriminant analysis, showed that the therapists' verbal behaviour tended to aggregate around four types of session differentiated by their clinical objective (assessment, explanation, treatment and consolidation). These results confirm the validity of our method and enable us to further describe clinical phenomena by distinguishing psychologists' classes of clinically relevant activities. Specific learning mechanisms may be responsible for clinical change within each class. These issues should be analysed more closely when explaining therapeutic phenomena and when developing more effective forms of clinical intervention. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message

We described therapists' verbal behaviour in a focused fashion so as to develop new research methods that evaluate psychological work moment by moment.

We performed a cluster analysis in order to evaluate how the therapists' verbal behaviour was distributed throughout the intervention. A discriminant analysis gave us further information about the statistical significance and possible nature of the clusters we observed.

The therapists' verbal behaviour depended on current clinical objectives and could be classified into four classes of clinically relevant activities: evaluation, explanation, treatment and consolidation.

Some of the therapist's verbalizations were more important than others when carrying out these clinically relevant activities.

The distribution of the therapists' verbal behaviour across classes may provide us with clues regarding the functionality of their in‐session verbal behaviour.

Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Lignin Chemistry on the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Woody Biomass
Authors: Yu Zhiying , Gwak Ki‐Seob , Treasure Trevor , Jameel Hasan , Chang Hou‐min , Park Sunkyu
Published: June 2014

The impact of lignin‐derived inhibition on enzymatic hydrolysis is investigated by using lignins isolated from untreated woods and pretreated wood pulps. A new method, biomass reconstruction, for which isolated lignins are precipitated onto bleached pulps to mimic lignocellulosic biomass, is introduced, for the first time, to decouple the lignin distribution issue from lignin chemistry. Isolated lignins are physically mixed and reconstructed with bleached pulps. Lignins obtained from pretreated woods adsorb two to six times more cellulase than lignins obtained from untreated woods. The higher adsorption of enzymes on lignin correlates with decreased carbohydrate conversion in enzymatic hydrolysis. In addition, the reconstructed softwood substrate has a lower carbohydrate conversion than the reconstructed hardwood substrate. The degree of condensation of lignin increases significantly after pretreatment, especially with softwood lignins. In this study, the degree of condensation of lignin (0.02 to 0.64) and total OH groups in lignin (1.7 to 1.1) have a critical impact on cellulase adsorption (9 to 70 %) and enzymatic hydrolysis (83.2 to 58.2 %); this may provide insights into the more recalcitrant nature of softwood substrates.
Sustainable Production of Acrylic Acid: Alkali‐Ion Exchanged Beta Zeolite for Gas‐Phase Dehydration of Lactic Acid
Authors: Yan Bo , Tao Li‐Zhi , Liang Yu , Xu Bo‐Qing
Published: June 2014

Gas‐phase dehydration of lactic acid (LA) to acrylic acid (AA) was investigated over alkali‐exchanged β zeolite (MxNa1−xβ, M=Li+, K+, Rb+, or Cs+) of different exchange degrees (x). The reaction was conducted under varying conditions to understand the catalyst selectivity for AA production and trends of byproduct formation. The nature and exchange degree of M+ were found to be critical for the acid–base properties and catalytic performance of the exchanged zeolite. KxNa1−xβ of x=0.94 appeared to be the best performing catalyst whereas LixNa1−xβ and Naβ were the poorest in terms of AA selectivity and yield. The AA yield as high as 61 mol % (selectivity: 64 mol %) could be obtained under optimized reaction conditions for up to 8 h over the best performing K0.94Na0.06β. The acid and base properties of the catalysts were probed, respectively by temperature‐programmed desorption (TPD) of adsorbed NH3 and CO2, and were related to the electrostatic potentials of the alkali ions in the zeolite, which provided a basis for the discussion of the acid–base catalysis for sustainable AA formation from LA.
Imaging flow cytometry elucidates limitations of microparticle analysis by conventional flow cytometry
Authors: Erdbrügger Uta , Rudy Christine K. , E. Etter Mark , Dryden Kelly A. , Yeager Mark , Klibanov Alexander L. , Lannigan Joanne
Published: June 2014

Microparticles (MPs) are submicron vesicles released from cell membranes in response to activation, cell injury, or apoptosis. The clinical importance of MPs has become increasingly recognized, although no standardized method exists for their measurement. Flow cytometry (FCM) is the most commonly used technique, however, because of the small size of MPs, and the limitations of current FCM instrumentation, accurate identification is compromised by this methodology. We decided to investigate whether the use of FCM combined with imaging, such as is possible with the ImagestreamX imaging FC (ISX), would be a more sensitive approach to characterizing MPs. Combining FCM with imaging eliminates some of the limitations demonstrated by conventional FCM, whereas also providing morphological confirmation and the ability to distinguish true single events from aggregates and cell debris. The detection limit of standard nonspecialized FCM is suboptimal when compared to ISX. Evaluating MPs below 0.200 µm and sizing remain a challenge as some MPs remain below the detection limit of ISX. Standardized calibrators, that more closely reflect the physical characteristics of MPs, need further development. © 2014 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Effect of diabetes mellitus on periprocedural myocardial infarction in patients undergoing coronary stent implantation
Authors: Verdoia Monica , Barbieri Lucia , Schaffer Alon , Cassetti Ettore , Di Giovine Gabriella , Nardin Matteo , Bellomo Giorgio , Marino Paolo , De Luca Giuseppe ,   On behalf of the Novara Atherosclerosis Study Group (NAS)
Published: June 2014

Background

Diabetic patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions are still regarded as a very high risk category because of an increased platelet reactivity and risk of complications, especially in patients with inadequate glycaemic control. However, although its prognostic effect on long‐term outcome is well‐defined, still unclear is the effect of diabetes on the risk of periprocedural myocardial infarction in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions, which was therefore the aim of our study.

Methods

Myonecrosis biomarkers were dosed at intervals from 6 to 48 h after nonemergent percutaneous coronary interventions. Periprocedural myocardial infarction was defined as creatine kinase‐MB increase by three times the upper limit normal or by 50% of an elevated baseline value, whereas periprocedural myonecrosis as troponin I increase by three times the upper limit normal or 50% of baseline.

Results

Of 1311 patients, diabetes mellitus was found in 458 patients (34.9%) and associated with age (p = 0.03), hypertension (p < 0.001), renal failure (p = 0.01), previous MI (p = 0.03), previous coronary revascularization (p < 0.001), higher fasting glycaemia and lower haemoglobin (p < 0.001), more severe coronary disease (p < 0.001), multivessel percutaneous coronary interventions (p = 0.03), coronary calcification (p = 0.003) and in‐stent restenosis (p < 0.001) but lower presence of thrombus (p = 0.03). Diabetic patients were receiving significantly more frequent specific pharmacological treatment at admission. Diabetic status did not influence the risk of periprocedural myocardial infarction or periprocedural myonecrosis [adjusted OR(95%CI) = 0.90(0.64–1.27), p = 0.57 and adjusted OR(95%CI) = 0.92(0.70–1.21), p = 0.55]. Amongst diabetic patients, we did not observe any effect of chronic glycaemic control on periprocedural myocardial infarction.

Conclusions

Diabetic status, independent of chronic glycaemic control, is not associated with increased risk of periprocedural myocardial infarction and myonecrosis in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Research progress in signalling pathway in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Ni Wei‐Jian , Tang Li‐Qin , Wei Wei
Published: June 2014

Diabetic nephropathy, a lethal diabetic complication, is a leading cause of end‐stage renal disease, which is pathologically characterized by thickened tubular basal and glomerular membranes, accumulated extracellular matrix, and progressive mesangial hypertrophy. Growing evidence indicates that diabetic nephropathy is induced by multiple conditions, such as glucose metabolism disorder, oxidative stress, numerous inflammatory factors and cytokines, and haemodynamic changes that lead to the occurrence and development of diabetic nephropathy based on genetic susceptibility. A variety of abnormalities in the signalling pathway may interact to produce these pathologic processes. Research has aimed to highlight the signalling pathway mechanisms that lead to diabetic nephropathy so that preventative strategies and effective therapies might be developed. In this review, important pathways that appear to be involved in driving these processes are discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early social isolation provokes electrophysiological and structural changes in cutaneous sensory nerves of adult male rats
Authors: Segura Bertha , Melo Angel I. , Fleming Alison S. , Mendoza‐Garrido Maria Eugenia , González del Pliego Margarita , Aguirre‐Benitez Elsa L. , Hernández‐Falcón Jesús , Jiménez‐Estrada Ismael
Published: June 2014

Sensory and social deprivation from the mother and littermates during early life disturbs the development of the central nervous system, but little is known about its effect on the development of the peripheral nervous system. To assess peripheral effects of early isolation, male rat pups were reared artificially in complete social isolation (AR); reared artificially with two same‐age conspecifics (AR‐Social); or reared by their mothers and with littermates (MR). As adults, the electrophysiological properties of the sensory sural (SU) nerve were recorded. We found that the amplitude and normalized area (with respect to body weight) of the compound action potential (CAP) response provoked by single electrical pulses of graded intensity in the SU nerves of AR animals were shorter than the CAP recorded in SU nerves from MR and AR‐Social animals. The slope of the stimulus‐response curve of AR SU nerves was smaller than that of the other nerves. The histological characterization of axons in the SU nerves was made and showed that the myelin thickness of axons in AR SU nerves was significant lower (2–7µm) than that of the axons in the other nerves. Furthermore, the area and axon diameter of SU nerves of both AR and AR‐Social animals were significant lower than in MR animals. This is the first report to show that maternal and littermate deprivation by AR disturbs the development of the myelination and electrophysiological properties of axons in the SU nerve; the replacement of social cues prevents most of the effects. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 74: 1184–1193, 2014
Psoriasis and risk of heart failure: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Khalid Usman , Ahlehoff Ole , Gislason Gunnar Hilmar , Kristensen Søren Lund , Skov Lone , Torp‐Pedersen Christian , Hansen Peter Riis
Published: June 2014

Aims

Psoriasis is a common inflammatory disease that is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, including myocardial infarction. Heart failure (HF) is independently associated with several cardiovascular risk factors and is a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The association between psoriasis and HF is unclear and we therefore investigated the risk of new‐onset HF in a nationwide cohort of psoriasis patients compared with the background population.

Methods

The study included the entire Danish population aged ≥18 years followed from 1 January 1997 until HF, death or 31 December 2011. Information on comorbidity and concomitant medication was identified by individual‐level linkage of administrative registers. New‐onset HF was defined as first hospital admission for HF. Incidence rates of new‐onset HF were calculated and adjusted hazard ratios were estimated by multivariable Cox regression models adjusted for age, gender, comorbidity and cardiovascular medications.

Results

A total of 5 485 856 subjects were eligible for analysis. In the study period 66 389 patients with new‐onset psoriasis, including 11 242 patients with severe psoriasis, were identified. The overall incidence rates of new‐onset HF were 2.82, 4.22 and 4.70 per 1000 person‐years for the reference population, mild psoriasis and severe psoriasis, respectively. Compared with the reference population, the fully adjusted hazard ratios for new‐onset HF were increased in patients with psoriasis with a hazard ratio 1.22 (95% confidence interval 1.16–1.29) and hazard ratio of 1.53 (95% confidence interval 1.34–1.74) for those with mild and severe disease, respectively.

Conclusion

In this nationwide cohort, psoriasis was associated with a disease severity‐dependent increased risk of new‐onset HF.
Seismic performance and probabilistic collapse resistance assessment of steel moment resisting frames with fluid viscous dampers
Authors: Seo Choung‐Yeol , Karavasilis Theodore L. , Ricles James M. , Sause Richard
Published: June 2014

This paper evaluates the seismic resistance of steel moment resisting frames (MRFs) with supplemental fluid viscous dampers against collapse. A simplified design procedure is used to design four different steel MRFs with fluid viscous dampers where the strength of the steel MRF and supplemental damping are varied. The combined systems are designed to achieve performance that is similar to or higher than that of conventional steel MRFs designed according to current seismic design codes. Based on the results of nonlinear time history analyses and incremental dynamic analyses, statistics of structural and non‐structural response as well as probabilities of collapse of the steel MRFs with dampers are determined and compared with those of conventional steel MRFs. The analytical frame models used in this study are reliably capable to simulate global frame collapse by considering full geometric nonlinearities as well as the cyclic strength and stiffness deterioration in the plastic hinge regions of structural steel members. The results show that, with the aid of supplemental damping, the performance of a steel MRF with reduced design base shear can be improved and become similar to that of a conventional steel MRF with full design base shear. Incremental dynamic analyses show that supplemental damping reduces the probability of collapse of a steel MRF with a given strength. However, the paper highlights that a design base shear equal to 75% of the minimum design base shear along with supplemental damping to control story drift at 2% (i.e., design drift of a conventional steel MRF) would not guarantee a higher collapse resistance than that of a conventional MRF. At 75% design base shear, a tighter design drift (e.g., 1.5% as shown in this study) is needed to guarantee a higher collapse resistance than that of a conventional MRF. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On unconditionally positive implicit time integration for the DG scheme applied to shallow water flows
Authors: Meister A. , Ortleb S.
Published: June 2014

We present a new unconditionally positivity‐preserving (PP) implicit time integration method for the DG scheme applied to shallow water flows. This novel time discretization enhances the currently used PP DG schemes, because in the majority of previous work, explicit time stepping is implemented to deal with wetting and drying. However, for explicit time integration, linear stability requires very small time steps. Especially for locally refined grids, the stiff system resulting from space discretization makes implicit or partially implicit time stepping absolutely necessary. As implicit schemes require a lot of computational time solving large systems of nonlinear equations, a much larger time step is necessary to beat explicit time stepping in terms of CPU time. Unfortunately, the current PP implicit schemes are subject to time step restrictions due to a so‐called strong stability preserving constraint. In this work, we hence give a novel approach to positivity preservation including its theoretical background. The new technique is based on the so‐called Patankar trick and guarantees non‐negativity of the water height for any time step size while still preserving conservativity. In the DG context, we prove consistency of the discretization as well as a truncation error of the third order away from the wet–dry transition. Because of the proposed modification, the implicit scheme can take full advantage of larger time steps and is able to beat explicit time stepping in terms of CPU time. The performance and accuracy of this new method are studied for several classical test cases. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TET2 mutations in cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia: Clinical implications and evolutionary patterns
Authors: Damm Frederik , Markus Birgit , Thol Felicitas , Morgan Michael , Göhring Gudrun , Schlegelberger Brigitte , Krauter Jürgen , Heuser Michael , Bernard Olivier A. , Ganser Arnold
Published: June 2014

Mutations of the Ten‐Eleven‐Translocation 2 (TET2) gene have been identified in patients with various myeloid neoplasms, but the clinical relevance of these mutations and their timing during disease development in cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia (CN‐AML) remain unclear. The total coding region of TET2 was analyzed by direct sequencing in 215 CN‐AML patients younger than 60 years from multicenter treatment trials AML‐SHG 0199 (ClinicalTrials Identifier NCT00209833) and 0295. Associations were analyzed in the context of other molecular markers, such as CEBPA, DNMT3A, NMP1, FLT3, IDH1/2, RAS, and WT1. To investigate the order of appearance of TET2 and concomitant mutations, targeted deep resequencing was performed in six patients. At least one sequence variation with impact on TET2 protein sequence was found in 13 of the 215 CN‐AML patients (6%). Patients with TET2 mutations tended to be older (P = 0.078) and had higher platelet counts (P = 0.041). TET2‐mutated patients were more likely to have concomitant NPM1 (11 of 13; P = 0.047) and DNMT3A (10 of 13; P = 0.001) mutations but were mutually exclusive to partial tandem duplication of the MLL gene (MLL‐PTD) and IDH1/2 mutations. TET2 mutations were identified as subclones in four of the six investigated patients by deep sequencing. Progenitor‐derived colony assays suggest a stepwise acquisition of mutations during disease development, TET2 mutation being later than NPM1 and DNMT3A. The TET2 mutation status did not influence overall or relapse‐free survival. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prevention of inpatient hypoglycemia with a real‐time informatics alert
Authors: Kilpatrick C. Rachel , Elliott Michael B. , Pratt Elizabeth , Schafers Stephen J. , Blackburn Mary Clare , Heard Kevin , McGill Janet B. , Thoelke Mark , Tobin Garry S.
Published: June 2014

BACKGROUND

Severe hypoglycemia (SH), defined as a blood glucose (BG) <40 mg/dL, is associated with an increased risk of adverse clinical outcomes in inpatients.

OBJECTIVE

To determine whether a predictive informatics hypoglycemia risk‐alert supported by trained nurse responders would reduce the incidence of SH in our hospital.

DESIGN

A 5‐month prospective cohort intervention study.

SETTING

Acute care medical floors in a tertiary care academic hospital in St. Louis, Missouri.

PATIENTS

From 655 inpatients on designated medical floors with a BG of <90 mg/dL, 390 were identified as high risk for hypoglycemia by the alert system.

MEASUREMENTS

The primary outcome was the incidence of SH occurring in high‐risk intervention versus high‐risk control patients. Secondary outcomes included: number of episodes of SH in all study patients, incidence of BG < 60 mg/dL and severe hyperglycemia with a BG >299 mg/dL, length of stay, transfer to a higher level of care, the frequency that high‐risk patient's orders were changed in response to the alert‐intervention process, and mortality.

RESULTS

The alert process, when augmented by nurse‐physician collaboration, resulted in a significant decrease by 68% in the rate of SH in alerted high‐risk patients versus nonalerted high‐risk patients (3.1% vs 9.7%, P = 0.012). Rates of hyperglycemia were similar on intervention and control floors at 28% each. There was no difference in mortality, length of stay, or patients requiring transfer to a higher level of care.

CONCLUSION

A real‐time predictive informatics‐generated alert, when supported by trained nurse responders, significantly reduced inpatient SH. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2014;9:621–626. © 2014 Society of Hospital Medicine
Fatty acid profiles and antioxidants of organic and conventional milk from low‐ and high‐input systems during outdoor period
Authors: Kusche Daniel , Kuhnt Katrin , Ruebesam Karin , Rohrer Carsten , Nierop Andreas FM , Jahreis Gerhard , Baars Ton
Published: June 2014

BACKGROUND

Intensification of organic dairy production leads to the question of whether the implementation of intensive feeding incorporating maize silage and concentrates is altering milk quality. Therefore the fatty acid (FA) and antioxidant (AO) profiles of milk on 24 farms divided into four system groups in three replications (n = 71) during the outdoor period were analyzed. In this system comparison, a differentiation of the system groups and the effects of the main system factors ‘intensification level’ (high‐input versus low‐input) and ‘origin’ (organic versus conventional) were evaluated in a multivariate statistical approach.

RESULTS

Consistent differentiation of milk from the system groups due to feeding‐related impacts was possible in general and on the basis of 15 markers. The prediction of the main system factors was based on four or five markers. The prediction of ‘intensification level’ was based mainly on CLA c9,t11 and C18:1 t11, whereas that of ‘origin’ was based on n‐3 PUFA.

CONCLUSION

It was possible to demonstrate consistent differences in the FA and AO profiles of organic and standard conventional milk samples. Highest concentrations of nutritionally beneficial compounds were found in the low‐input organic system. Adapted grass‐based feeding strategies including pasture offer the potential to produce a distinguishable organic milk product quality. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Ultimate bearing capacity of a foundation reinforced by columns or cross trenches under inclined loads: a homogenization approach
Authors: Gueguin M. , Hassen G. , de Buhan P.
Published: June 2014

This paper addresses the geotechnical engineering problem of evaluating the ultimate bearing capacity of a strip foundation resting upon a reinforced soil, by means of the yield design homogenization approach. The analysis is notably focused on the determination of the macroscopic strength criterion of such reinforced soils, where both constituents are purely cohesive, which can be conveniently expressed through the notion of anisotropic cohesion. A comprehensive comparison is made between the classical configuration of reinforcing columns and the more original one of orthogonal reinforcing trenches. Among the most outstanding results of the analysis is the conclusion that the cross trench configuration is notably more efficient in terms of load bearing capacity than the reinforcement by columns, notably when significantly inclined loading is concerned. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DNS‐Class: immediate classification of IP flows using DNS
Authors: Foremski Paweł , Callegari Christian , Pagano Michele
Published: June 2014

Nowadays we see a tremendous growth of the Internet, especially in terms of the amont of data being transmitted and new network protocols being introduced. This poses a challenge for network administrators, who need adequate tools for network management. Recent findings show that DNS can contribute valuable information on IP flows and improve traffic visibility in a computer network.

In this paper, we apply these findings on DNS to propose a novel traffic classification algorithm with interesting features. We experimentally show that the information carried in domain names and port numbers is sufficient for immediate classification of a highly significant portion of the traffic. We present DNS‐Class: an innovative, fast and reliable flow‐based traffic classification algorithm, which on average yields 99.8% of true positives and < 0.1% of false positives on real traffic traces. The algorithm can work as a major element of a modular system in a cascade architecture.

Additionally, we provide an analysis on how various network protocols depend on DNS in terms of flows, packets and bytes. We release the complete source code implementing the presented system as open source. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of polyhydroxyalkanoate/beer spent grain fibers composites for film blowing applications
Authors: Cunha Mara , Berthet Marie‐Alix , Pereira Ricardo , Covas José A. , Vicente António A. , Hilliou Loïc
Published: June 2014

The high cost, narrow processing window, and poor mechanical properties of polyhydroxyalkanoates hamper their use as films for food packaging applications. We report the preparation, characterization, and film blowing of polyhydroxybutyrate‐valerate (PHBV)/beer spent grain fibers (BSGF) composites. Beer spent grains are by‐products of the beer industry submitted to an acid/caustic treatment and to successive grinding to achieve fibers with typical size of 30 microns. PHBV/BSGF compounds were extruded and successfully subjected to draw down ratios as high as 50. However, processability was lost for BSGF contents above 10 wt%, due to their percolation within the PHBV matrix. Two PHBV/BSGF compounds were processed into blown films. The resulting mechanical, structural, and barrier properties depend on processing parameters and BSGF content. The fully bio‐sourced and compostable PHBV based thin films produced under processing conditions scalable to industrial production show gas and water vapor barrier properties attractive for food packaging applications. POLYM. COMPOS., 36:1859–1865, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers
Properties and use of novel oral anticoagulants
Authors: Chaplin Steve , Parkar Washik
Published: June 2014

Steve Chaplin and Dr Washik Parkar provide an overview of the properties of novel oral anticoagulants and how they compare in stroke prevention in AF.
Current recommended management of common STIs in primary care
Authors: Gupta Nadi , Kinghorn George
Published: June 2014

Without effective treatment sexually transmitted infections can lead to serious complications. Our Drug review describes the current treatment options for the most commonly encountered STIs in general practice, followed by sources of further information.
Tamiflu, clinical trials and the Public Accounts Committee
Authors: Chaplin Steve
Published: June 2014

Steve Chaplin discusses the problem of getting access to data from unpublished trials, as highlighted in a report on the stockpiling of Tamiflu.
CHM guidance on switching between AED formulations
Authors: Chaplin Steve
Published: June 2014

Steve Chaplin discusses guidance from the Commission on Human Medicines on switching formulations of antiepileptic drugs.
Diamond as substrate for 3C‐SiC growth: A TEM study
Authors: Lloret F. , Piñero J. , Araujo D. , Villar M. P. , Gheeraert E. , Vo‐Ha A. , Soulière V. , Rebaud M. , Carole D. , Ferro G.
Published: June 2014

Vapor–liquid–solid (V–L–S) growth of SiC on (100) diamond substrate is reported. The crystalline quality is evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Diffraction contrast (CTEM) observations allowed confirming the growth of fully lattice relaxed SiC 3C‐type crystalline structure. Defects as dislocations at the diamond/SiC interface and stacking faults, in the thick SiC layer are revealed by high resolution TEM and CTEM. From the invisibility criteria, using dark field observations, 〈110〉 type Burger vector are identified.
Motion‐ and Uncertainty‐aware Path Planning for Micro Aerial Vehicles
Authors: Achtelik Markus W. , Lynen Simon , Weiss Stephan , Chli Margarita , Siegwart Roland
Published: June 2014

Localization and state estimation are reaching a certain maturity in mobile robotics, often providing both a precise robot pose estimate at a point in time and the corresponding uncertainty. In the bid to increase the robots' autonomy, the community now turns to more advanced tasks, such as navigation and path planning. For a realistic path to be computed, neither the uncertainty of the robot's perception nor the vehicle's dynamics can be ignored. In this work, we propose to specifically exploit the information on uncertainty, while also accounting for the physical laws governing the motion of the vehicle. Making use of rapidly exploring random belief trees, here we evaluate offline multiple path hypotheses in a known map to select a path exhibiting the motion required to estimate the robot's state accurately and, inherently, to avoid motion in modes, where otherwise observable states are not excited. We demonstrate the proposed approach on a micro aerial vehicle performing visual‐inertial navigation. Such a system is known to require sufficient excitation to reach full observability. As a result, the proposed methodology plans safe avoidance not only of obstacles, but also areas where localization might fail during real flights compensating for the limitations of the localization methodology available. We show that our planner actively improves the precision of the state estimation by selecting paths that minimize the uncertainty in the estimated states. Furthermore, our experiments illustrate by comparison that a naive planner would fail to reach the goal within bounded uncertainty in most cases.
The Relationship Between Sexual Function and Quality of Sleep in Caregiving Mothers of Sons with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Nozoe K. T. , Hachul H. , Hirotsu C. , Polesel D. N. , Moreira G. A. , Tufik S. , Andersen M. L.
Published: June 2014

Introduction

The task of the caregiver, especially a caregiving mother of a son with a chronic and fatal disease, may interfere with their quality of sleep, sexuality, and some hormone levels.

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate the sexual function and the quality of sleep of caregiving mothers of sons with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).

Methods

We evaluated 20 caregiving mothers of sons with DMD and 20 caregiving mothers of sons without any neuromuscular or chronic disease. All of them voluntarily responded to the evaluating questionnaires about their sexuality and their quality of sleep, and gave blood samples to evaluate their hormonal levels.

Main Outcome Measures

All mothers were evaluated using the questionnaire of Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and the Pittsburgh questionnaire (PSQI). The blood samples were tested to determine serum levels of testosterone, estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, progesterone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and cortisol.

Results

Caregiving mothers of sons with DMD had significantly lower scores in the FSFI questionnaire, suggesting a higher risk for sexual dysfunction. The PSQI demonstrated that these caregiving mothers present increased sleep latency, reduced sleep efficiency, daytime dysfunction, and poor sleep quality. Blood tests showed a rise in cortisol levels, which correlated with the compromised sexuality and quality of sleep.

Conclusions

This study indicates that caregiving mothers of sons with DMD show major risk for sexual dysfunction and a reduction in their quality of sleep mediated in part by the hormonal changes related to stress.
Research of Strain Aging in Pipeline Steel with a Ferrite/Martensite Dual‐Phase Microstructure
Authors: Zuo Xiurong , Li Rutao
Published: June 2014

By applying ferrite–martensite microstructural control, high‐deformability linepipes of grade X70 have been developed. The steel with an acicular ferrite microstructure was intercritically heat‐treated at 820°C for 10 min, followed by rapidly water cooling, in order to get a ferrite/martensite dual‐phase microstructure. After aging at 200–250°C for 5–15 min, the microstructure and mechanical properties of the ferrite–martensite microstructural steel were studied. The pipe with a ferrite/martensite dual‐phase microstructure exhibited a superior strain aging resistance aging at 200–250°C for 5–15 min. The yield ratios were below 0.77 and the pipe still exhibited continuous yielding behavior, meanwhile tensile strength, uniform elongation and impact toughness did not experience significant change. By intercritical annealing, carbides and carbonitride containing Nb and Ti precipitated out of the ferrite phase further, at the same time, solute carbon atoms could adequately diffused from the ferrite to the uniformly distributed austenite derived from the acicular ferrite initial microstructures, leading to the reduction of the amount of free carbon and nitrogen to pin the mobile dislocations in the ferrite phase, therefore, strain aging effects were not pronounced in the temperature and time range investigated.
Phenotypic consequences of LYS4 gene disruption in Candida albicans
Authors: Gabriel Iwona , Kur Krzysztof , Laforce‐Nesbitt Sonia S. , Pulickal Anoop S. , Bliss Joseph M. , Milewski Sławomir
Published: June 2014

A BLAST search of the Candida Genome Database with the Saccharomyces cerevisiae LYS4 sequence known to encode homoaconitase (HA) revealed ORFs 19.3846 and 19.11327. Both alleles of the LYS4 gene were sequentially disrupted in Candida albicans BWP17 cells using PCR‐based methodology. The null lys4Δ mutant exhibited lysine auxotrophy in minimal medium but was able to grow in the presence of l‐Lys and α‐aminoadipate, an intermediate of the α‐aminoadipate pathway, at millimolar concentrations. The presence of d‐Lys and pipecolic acid did not trigger lys4Δ growth. The C. albicans lys4Δ mutant cells demonstrated diminished germination ability. However, their virulence in vivo in a murine model of disseminated neonatal candidiasis appeared identical to that of the wild‐type strain. Moreover, there was no statistically significant difference in fungal burden of infected tissues between the strains. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.