bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Semen cryopreservation and storage in liquid nitrogen: Impact on chromatin compaction
Authors: Tamburrino Lara , Traini Giulia , Ragosta Maria Emanuela , Dabizzi Sara , Vezzani Sara , Scarpa Flavia , Vignozzi Linda , Baldi Elisabetta , Marchiani Sara
Published: November 2024

Background

Sperm cryopreservation is a consolidate option for long‐term male fertility preservation. The freezing/thawing procedure causes detrimental effects to spermatozoa, including damage to viability, motility, membrane composition, and DNA, whereas the effect on sperm chromatin compaction is less studied.

Objectives

The primary aim of this study was to investigate the impact of cryopreservation on sperm chromatin compaction. Furthermore, the effect of cryopreservation on sperm parameters (motility, viability, chromatin compaction, and DNA fragmentation) was also assessed in relation to the storage time in liquid nitrogen.

Materials and Methods

Semen samples, collected from 126 (92 normozoospermic and 34 oligozoospermic) patients undergoing routine semen analysis in the Andrology Laboratory of Careggi University Hospital of Florence, were frozen by conventional fast vapor freezing method. Sperm motility, viability, kinematic parameters (by computer‐aided sperm analysis [CASA]), chromatin compaction (by staining with both aniline blue [AB] and Chromomycin A3 [CMA3]), and sperm DNA fragmentation (sDF, by TUNEL/Propidium Iodide [PI]) were evaluated before freezing and after thawing at different timepoints.

Results

After 7 days of storage, a significant decline in sperm motility, viability, and kinematics parameters, as well as a significant increase in the percentage of sperm positivity to CMA3, AB, and sDF, were observed. It is noteworthy that while motility and viability decreased in almost all subjects, the increase in CMA3 and AB positivity was observed in 68.0% and 79.2% of samples, respectively. A progressive deterioration of sperm motility and viability, less evident for chromatin structure, was observed at longer times of storage (28 and 180 days).

Discussion

Our results indicate that freezing/thawing procedures can alter chromatin structure. A reduction in protamine content and/or a modification in chromatin assembly can be hypothesized. Furthermore, the length of storage in liquid nitrogen appears to progressively affect sperm parameters, although it should be confirmed in larger cohort of subjects.

Conclusion

Current sperm cryopreservation protocols need to be improved with new strategies and personalized procedures aimed to minimize the damage.
Prostate cancer and genetic contributions
Authors: Chou Wesley H. , Chalker Cameron , Sokolova Alexandra O. , Isharwal Sudhir
Published: November 2024

Prostate cancer remains a lethal disease for many men. Knowledge of genetic contributions to this condition has increasingly been used in its management. In this narrative review, we summarize various genetic alterations and syndromes associated with prostate cancer, including hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome, Lynch syndrome, and hereditary prostate cancer, among others. Indications for germline testing are reviewed, as well as incorporation of genetic data at different phases of management for prostate cancer, such as screening and monitoring, and treatment of localized and metastatic disease.
Chin up: A novel functional explanation for the evolution of the chin
Authors: Meyer‐Rochow Victor Benno
Published: November 2024

The human chin, also frequently referred to as the mental prominence, is a part of the human anatomy whose evolutionary origin and function have divided scientific opinion to this day. There were suggestions it could have been used in defence, assisted in the mastication process, aided in the formation of words (i.e. speaking), or that it played a role in mate choice. None of these explanations were satisfactory. This paper, backed up by observations on people from different parts of the world and cultures, using their chin to hold or clamp down objects resting on a person's arms in front of the body or to free the person's hands for other tasks, offers an explanation that has support from results on the evolution of bipedalism from apes to bipedal australopithecines, including Homo sapiens, and the importance of the hands in hominids as well as the heritability of the trait.
Association of bi‐parametric MRI measures with continence after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy
Authors: Nolsøe Alexander B. , Løgager Vibeke , Boesen Lars , Østergren Peter Busch , Jakobsen Henrik , Jensen Christian Fuglesang S. , Bruun Niels Henrik , Sønksen Jens , Fode Mikkel
Published: November 2024

Objective

To investigate the association between pre‐ and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements of the membranous urethra and the prostate volume and continence following robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP).

Patients and Methods

From December 2018 to June 2022, 100 continent patients undergoing unilateral nerve‐sparing or non‐nerve‐sparing RARP were included in this cohort study. Bi‐parametric MRI scans were performed before and 12 months after RARP and measurements included the membranous urethral length (MUL) measured in cm (mMUL) and in the number of image slices (sMUL; 3 mm/slice), the membranous urethral diameter (MUD), and the prostate volume. Urinary function was evaluated by the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire‐Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ‐UI SF) and continence, defined as the use of zero pads and the answer ‘never’ to the ICIQ‐UI SF question regarding incontinence frequency or <8 g urine‐loss per 24 h. Regression with robust variance estimates was used to analyse the association between measurements and outcomes.

Results

At 12 months, continence and MRI data were available for 82 patients. The continence rate was 63% and the median (interquartile range) ICIQ‐UI SF score was 4 (0–9). Both preoperative MUL measurements were associated with continence at 12 months. Every extra 5 mm of MUL increased the likelihood of being continent by 13 percentage points (P = 0.03) and every additional slice of sMUL increased it by 6 percentage points (P = 0.05). Both postoperative MUL measurements were associated with better continence and lower ICIQ‐UI SF scores (P < 0.01). A larger prostate volume was associated with urinary incontinence at 12 months, with a small effect size. The MUD was not associated with continence.

Conclusion

Preoperative mMUL and sMUL are associated with continence at 12 months after RARP. The sMUL may be a useful measurement when only the axial plane is available, and the slice gap is known. Postoperative MUL measurements are strongly associated with continence, while MUD and prostate volume hold minimal prognostic value.
Does death drive the scaling of life?
Authors: Glazier Douglas S.
Published: November 2024

The magnitude of many kinds of biological structures and processes scale with organismal size, often in regular ways that can be described by power functions. Traditionally, many of these “biological scaling” relationships have been explained based on internal geometric, physical, and energetic constraints according to universal natural laws, such as the “surface law” and “3/4‐power law”. However, during the last three decades it has become increasingly apparent that biological scaling relationships vary greatly in response to various external (environmental) factors. In this review, I propose and provide several lines of evidence supporting a new ecological perspective that I call the “mortality theory of ecology” (MorTE). According to this viewpoint, mortality imposes time limits on the growth, development, and reproduction of organisms. Accordingly, small, vulnerable organisms subject to high mortality due to predation and other environmental hazards have evolved faster, shorter lives than larger, more protected organisms. A MorTE also includes various corollary, size‐related internal and external causative factors (e.g. intraspecific resource competition, geometric surface area to volume effects on resource supply/transport and the protection of internal tissues from environmental hazards, internal homeostatic regulatory systems, incidence of pathogens and parasites, etc.) that impact the scaling of life. A mortality‐centred approach successfully predicts the ranges of body‐mass scaling slopes observed for many kinds of biological and ecological traits. Furthermore, I argue that mortality rate should be considered the ultimate (evolutionary) driver of the scaling of life, that is expressed in the context of other proximate (functional) drivers such as information‐based biological regulation and spatial (geometric) and energetic (metabolic) constraints.
Effectiveness of Chatbots in Improving Language Learning: A Meta‐Analysis of Comparative Studies
Authors: Lyu Boning , Lai Chun , Guo Jianing
Published: November 2024

The development of artificial intelligence has presented new opportunities and challenges for language education. Using artificial intelligence techniques such as automatic speech recognition and generative artificial intelligence, conversational chatbots have been integrated into language learning and teaching. However, findings of the impact of chatbots on second and/or foreign language learning (L2) are mixed. Therefore, this research conducted a meta‐analysis to synthesize the existing research. Thirty‐one studies with 41 effect sizes were included in this meta‐analysis. It was found that chatbots have a medium effect on L2 learning (g = 0.608, Z = 6.77, p < 0.001). Moderating analysis further showed that the effects were moderated by the mobility of access to chatbot, modality of the chatbot, whether or not generative AI technology was involved, and the nature of comparison groups in the research design. The findings suggest that chatbots in general have positive effects on L2 learning. The results suggest that to enhance the advantages of chatbots, their accessibility, modality and adaptability need to be considered. Furthermore, a more refined perspective is needed when discussing the benefits of the use of chatbots in language learning process.
Designing a robust sustainable service network for agricultural machinery maintenance under demand uncertainty
Authors: Zhang Yaxi , Wang Yanjiao , Bai Xuejie , Liu Yankui
Published: November 2024

A well‐designed agricultural machinery maintenance service network can facilitate manufacturers to provide prompt and sustainable responses to mechanical failures. This paper addresses a sustainable agricultural machinery maintenance service network design (MMSND) problem, and focuses on selecting the optimal locations for the maintenance centers and districting the area into distinct districts. The aims of this paper are to minimize the total service mileage, balance the service workload, and guarantee the compactness of districts. We adopt goal programming method to model these three conflicting objectives. In addition, we also address the uncertainty of demand to seek the sustainability of the service network. As a result, we first develop a novel globalized robust goal programming model with semi‐infinite constraints. Then the semi‐infinite constraints are reformulated to their computationally tractable robust counterparts via Fenchel duality theory. To effectively solve the obtained mixed‐integer linear goal programming, we design a tailored Benders decomposition algorithm based on the structural characteristics of our model reformulation. Finally, we verify the credibility of the proposed method via a real case about the agricultural MMSND problem from Hunan province in China and a set of randomly generated larger scale instances. The computational results reveal that it is necessary and effective to consider the uncertain demand and our globalized robust optimization method can alleviate the conservatism of robust optimal solutions resulted from uncertain demand.
A case against enforcement of patent rights in transit: Resolving the unresolved controversy
Authors: Pengoriya Siddhant
Published: November 2024

This paper delves into the complex legal landscape surrounding the enforcement of intellectual property (IP) rights on goods in transit, using the contentious EU–India–Brazil dispute as a case study. The dispute centers on the seizure of generic pharmaceutical shipments transiting through the Netherlands, leading to patent infringement complaints by Dutch patent holders. The heart of the matter lies in the interpretation of Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights Agreement (TRIPS) Agreement provisions, specifically Articles 51, 52, and Footnote 13, in conjunction with General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 (GATT) Article V and XX(d), which addresses the freedom of transit. Since the dispute was never conclusively decided by World Trade Organisation Dispute Settlement Body, the concerns are still alive and merit discussion.

The author contends that enforcing patent rights on goods in transit contradicts the principles of territoriality and commerciality inherent in patent laws and infringes upon the freedom of transit articulated in the GATT. Drawing from the perspectives of scholars and legal experts, this paper presents a nuanced argument that seeks to reconcile the seemingly contradictory provisions. It proposes Footnote 13, of TRIPS be read down to allow enforcement only when there is a risk of diversion into the transit country's commercial channels.

Moreover, the paper argues normatively, emphasizing the adverse impact of transit enforcement on international trade, especially for developing and least developed countries. In conclusion, it underscores the urgency of addressing this issue to protect global trade interests while safeguarding the rights of developing nations and promoting equitable access to essential goods.
Mosaic embryos: Navigating technical uncertainties in assessing embryo potential
Authors: Freitas Janaína , Rohden Fabiola
Published: November 2024

Since the 1990s, preimplantation tests within in vitro fertilization have promised to enhance the selection of embryos for uterine implantation. However, alongside ethical controversies, these diagnostic techniques often identify a high rate of mosaic embryos—those containing a mix of cells deemed normal and abnormal—creating one of the largest technical challenges related to the testing. These cases raise dilemmas for professionals in assisted reproduction and, more intensely, create challenges for individuals whose embryos are identified as mosaic. This article examines the experiences of a woman who decides to implant a mosaic embryo, focusing on her strategies for managing technical uncertainties and evaluating the embryo's potential. It highlights the essential role that online forums play in this process and examines how users utilize these platforms to gain insights and navigate the complex decisions involved with new biomedical technologies.
The narrative governance of life: Morality, melodrama, and the limits of biopower in western Indian efforts against sex selection
Authors: Sandesara Utpal N.
Published: November 2024

Selective abortion of female fetuses is a widespread, illegal, and profoundly consequential form of family planning in contemporary India. In Gujarat state, public health campaigns against the practice rely on narratives exhibiting the hallmarks of melodrama: good–evil binaries, stock characters, emotional provocations, simplistic diagnoses, and inevitable triumphs. As biopolitical truths, such narratives resonate ethically and emotionally for people. By individualizing blame, obscuring structure, circumscribing discourse, and legitimizing authority, such narratives also exert many classic biopolitical effects. But they do not necessarily transform subjectivity or behavior, as biopower is often assumed to. Anti‐sex selection messaging illustrates how moralistic, sentimentalized interventions against potentially harmful practices can provoke strong responses without changing actions. In highlighting resonance as a relevant biopolitical limit, the not‐quite‐paradoxes of Gujarati public health narratives—encapsulation without accuracy, regulation without discipline, authority without efficacy, participation without transformation—suggest one approach for analyzing the governance of life without falling into determinism.
Goodness and necessity
Authors: Strammer Philip
Published: November 2024

This paper examines how we are to understand the goodness of neighbourly love, using the example of the parable of the Good Samaritan. Engaging with the philosophical discussion concerning the parable's moral significance that ensued in the wake of Peter Winch's 1987 paper ‘Who is my Neighbour?’, the paper argues that framing the goodness of the Samaritan in terms of a perceived necessity—as Winch and others do—runs the risk of simplifying and thus distorting it. The proposed alternative claims that goodness is better understood when framed in terms of what Kierkegaard describes as purity of heart. Developing this claim, it is shown that while the one who is pure of heart does good deeds without perceiving them as necessary, the notion of necessity may nonetheless be of moral significance for the one who witnesses such purity.
Rapid osmocontractile response of motor cells of Mimosa pudica pulvini induced by short light signals
Authors: Roblin Gabriel , Moyen Christelle , Fleurat‐Lessard Pierrette , Dédaldéchamp Fabienne
Published: November 2024

The Mimosa pudica leaf has motor organs allowing movements driven by cell osmotic changes in the parenchyma cells in response to various stimuli. Short white light pulses induce rapid and large seismonastic‐like movements (denoted “photostimulation”) of the primary pulvini in various leaves within 120 s after the onset of light. An early event recorded is a wavelength‐related modification of the plasma membrane difference: potential depolarization under white, blue, green, and red wavelengths, and hyperpolarization under far red wavelengths (and also in darkness). The photoreactivity of the pulvini is controlled by a circadian rhythm and modulated by the applied diurnal photoperiod cycle (photophase ranging from 6 to 18 h). The reactivity varied among plants and even between leaves on the same plant. The level of reactivity is related to the photon fluence rate in the range from 10 to 140 μmol m−2 s−1 under white light and to the experimental temperature in the range 15°C–35°C. An “accommodation” to light supply is evidenced by a modulation of the reactivity in relation to the schedule of light application under low fluence rates and the introduction of short darkness intervals during the first 30‐s light pulse. The blue light‐induced photostimulation is under phytochrome control.
The algebraic and analytic compactifications of the Hitchin moduli space
Authors: He Siqi , Mazzeo Rafe , Na Xuesen , Wentworth Richard
Published: November 2024

Following the work of Mazzeo–Swoboda–Weiß–Witt [Duke Math. J. 165 (2016), 2227–2271] and Mochizuki [J. Topol. 9 (2016), 1021–1073], there is a map

$\overline{\Xi }$

between the algebraic compactification of the Dolbeault moduli space of

${\rm SL}(2,\mathbb{C})$

Higgs bundles on a smooth projective curve coming from the

$\mathbb{C}^\ast$

action and the analytic compactification of Hitchin’s moduli space of solutions to the

$\mathsf{SU}(2)$

self-duality equations on a Riemann surface obtained by adding solutions to the decoupled equations, known as ‘limiting configurations’. This map extends the classical Kobayashi–Hitchin correspondence. The main result that this article will show is that

$\overline{\Xi }$

fails to be continuous at the boundary over a certain subset of the discriminant locus of the Hitchin fibration.
Muscular strength, endothelial function and cognitive disorders: state of the art
Authors: Sanchez‐Martinez Yuri , Lopez‐Lopez Jose P. , Gomez‐Montoya Isabela , Hernandez‐Quiñones Daniela , Ruiz‐Uribe Gabriela , Rincón‐Rueda Zully , Garcia Ronald G. , Lopez‐Jaramillo Patricio
Published: November 2024

In recent years, the ageing population has increasingly grown. This process carries a range of pathophysiological changes involving alterations in the skeletal muscle, vascular endothelium and brain function, becoming an important risk factor for developing cognitive disorders and cardiovascular diseases. With ageing, there is a decrease in muscle mass and muscle strength, and a relationship between muscle strength decrease and cognitive decline has been shown. Lower handgrip strength has been linked to memory impairment, lower global cognitive function, decreased attention and reduced visuospatial abilities in the elderly, but understanding of the underlying mechanisms that explain the link between altered skeletal muscle function and structure, endothelial dysfunction, and the role of endothelial dysfunction in the onset of cognitive disorders has been scarcely explored. This review aims to detail the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which the progressive changes associated with ageing can alter healthy skeletal muscle and endothelial function, creating an environment of oxidative stress, inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction. These changes can lead to reduced muscle strength, and the secretion of detrimental endothelial factors, resulting in endothelial dysfunction, blood–brain barrier disruption, and damage to neurons and microglia, ultimately accelerating the onset of cognitive disorders in the elderly. In addition, we aimed to describe the mechanisms that potentially explain how preserving muscular function with resistance training could prevent brain function deterioration, including the production of different factors that allow an improved endothelial function, haemodynamic parameters and brain plasticity, ultimately delaying the onset of cognitive impairment and chronic diseases.

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Contribution to the knowledge of soil mites of the family Brachychthoniidae (Acari: Oribatida) in Korea, with key to known species
Authors: Bayartogtokh Badamdorj , Bae Yang-Seop
Published: November 2024

This work deals with four species of oribatid mites of the family Brachychthoniidae Thor, 1934 from Korea. A new species, Sellnickochthonius gotjawaliensis sp. nov. is proposed, and three known species, Liochthonius leptaleus Moritz, 1976, Liochthonius muscorum Forsslund, 1964, and Sellnickochthonius cricoides (Weis-Fogh, 1948) are newly reported to the fauna of Korea. Diagnostic characterization and illustration of each species along with their habitat ecology and distributional data are given. A diagnostic key to adults of all species of Brachychthoniidae known from Korea is presented.
First record of Aegyptobia Sayed (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) from South America: a new species and redescription of A. pennatulae Baker & Tuttle from Peru
Authors: Escobar-Garcia Hector Alonso , De Andrade Daniel Júnior , Castro Elizeu Barbosa , Tassi Aline Daniele , Beard Jennifer J. , Ochoa Ronald
Published: November 2024

The genus Aegyptobia is recorded from South America for the first time, with the description of a new species collected from the branches of a native forest tree, Neltuma piurensis (Fabaceae), from Department of Piura in north-western Peru. The species A. pennatulae Baker & Tuttle was also collected from the same host, and is redescribed based on the types and new material. Observations during summer and autumn revealed A. pennatulae as the predominant species, and that N. piurensis is likely an accidental host for A. peruensis sp. nov.
Molecular basis of mRNA delivery to the bacterial ribosome
Authors: Webster Michael W. , Chauvier Adrien , Rahil Huma , Graziadei Andrea , Charles Kristine , Miropolskaya Nataliya , Takacs Maria , Saint-André Charlotte , Rappsilber Juri , Walter Nils G. , Weixlbaumer Albert
Published: November 2024

Protein synthesis begins with the formation of a ribosome-messenger RNA (mRNA) complex. In bacteria, the small ribosomal subunit (30
S
) is recruited to many mRNAs through base pairing with the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence and RNA binding by ribosomal protein bS1. Translation can initiate on nascent mRNAs, and RNA polymerase (RNAP) can promote the recruitment of the pioneering 30
S
. Here, we examined 30
S
recruitment to nascent mRNAs using cryo–electron microscopy, single-molecule fluorescence colocalization, and in-cell cross-linking mass spectrometry. We show that bS1 delivers the mRNA to the ribosome for SD duplex formation and 30
S
activation. Additionally, bS1 and RNAP stimulate translation initiation. Our work provides a mechanistic framework for how the SD duplex, ribosomal proteins, and RNAP cooperate in 30
S
recruitment to mRNAs and establish transcription-translation coupling.
Shewanella youngdeokensis sp. nov. Isolated from Marine Sediment and Sea Water of East Sea in Republic of Korea
Authors: Lee Y.-S. , Jeong H.-R. , Hwang E.-J. , Patil M. P. , Choi S. S. , Seo Y. B. , Kim G.-D.
Published: November 2024

The strain DAU334T, which was obtained from samples of sea water and sediments collected from the East Sea in the Republic of Korea, is a rod-shaped, Gram-stain-negative bacterium. It is facultative and positive for the oxidase and catalase enzymes. Based on the analysis of 16S rRNA sequences, it was determined that strain DAU334T had the highest degree of similarity to several strains of Shewanella species, i.e., S. schlegeliana HRKA1T (99%), S. halifaxensis HAE-EB4T (99%), S. pneumatophori SCRC-2738T (99%), S. sairae SM2-1T (99%), and S. marinintestina IK-1T (1419/1440, 99%), respectively. The complete genome sequence consisted of one contig with 4 343 646 bp, and the genome G+C content was 43.12%. The average nucleotide identity (ANI), digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH), and average amino acid identity (AAI) between strain DAU334T and its closest relatives were 77.85‒71.10, 82.14‒67.07, and 22.60‒19.70%, respectively. The major fatty acids (>10%) of strain DAU334T were iso-C13:0 and Summed feature 3 (C16:1 w7c and/or C16:1 w6c). The respiratory quinones were ubiquinone 7 (Q7), ubiquinone 8 (Q8), menaquinone 7 (MK-7), menaquinone 8 (MK-8), methylated menaquinone 7 (MMK-7), and an unidentified one. According to the results of polyphasic analyses, the strain DAU334T belongs to a novel species within the genus Shewanella, for which the name Shewanellayoungdeokensis sp. nov. (type strain DAU334T = KCTC 72428T = JCM 35745T = KCCM 43479T) is proposed.
Genome Analysis and Reconstruction of Metabolic Pathways of Amino Acid and Betaine Degradation in the Haloalkaliphilic Bacterium Anoxynatronum sibiricum
Authors: Detkova E. N. , Boltyanskaya Yu. V. , Pimenov N. V. , Mardanov A. V. , Kevbrin V. V.
Published: November 2024

The genome of the haloalkaliphilic anaerobe Anoxynatronum sibiricum Z-7981T, isolated previously from the soda Lake Nizhnee Beloe (Republic of Buryatia, Russia), was analyzed. The microorganism was shown to be capable of utilizing betaine as an electron acceptor in the Stickland reaction. Supplementing the medium with betaine had a stimulating effect on the growth of A. sibiricum on those amino acids that could be utilized individually. Furthermore, it enabled the strain to utilize several additional amino acids that could not support its growth in the absence of the acceptor. Based on the genomic characteristics and experimental growth data, metabolic schemes are proposed to describe amino acid degradation in the presence and absence of betaine. The schemes for threonine, glutamate, and lysine utilization together with betaine have been compiled for the first time. For all amino acids used, the qualitative and quantitative composition of metabolic products was determined and the stoichiometric substrate/product ratios were obtained. Balance equations were derived for all identified variants of the Stickland reaction, including those not previously described in the literature.
Methylomarinum roseum sp. nov., a Novel Halophilic Methanotrophic Bacterium from the Hypersaline Lake Elton
Authors: Suleimanov R. Z. , Oshkin I. Y. , Danilova O. V. , Suzina N. E. , Dedysh S. N.
Published: November 2024

The genus Methylomarinum accommodates aerobic motile non-pigmented methanotrophic bacteria, which were isolated from marine habitats and require NaCl for growth. Until recently, this genus contained a single species, M. vadi. Here, we describe a novel Methylomarinum representative, strain Ch1-1T, obtained from the sediments of the River Chernavka at its confluence with the hypersaline Lake Elton, Russia. Strain Ch1-1T was represented by gram-negative, pink-pigmented, motile rods or ovoids, which multiplied by binary fission and possessed the particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO). These bacteria grew on methane within the temperature range of 5–42°C (optimum at 30–35°C) and at рH 6.3–7.5 (optimum at 6.5–6.8). Growth on methanol was inconsistent. NaCl was required for growth, which was observed in liquid media only within a NaCl concentration range of 0.5–10% (w/v). Best growth was recorded at a NaCl concentration of 3.5–4.0% (w/v). The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain Ch1-1T displayed 97.09–97.24% similarity to the corresponding gene fragments of described representatives of M. vadi. The genome of strain Ch1-1T was 4.8 Mb in size and contained 3 rRNA operons and about 4400 protein-coding genes, including the gene cluster pmoCAB coding for pMMO, a complete set of genes for the function of the ribulose monophosphate pathway as well as genes necessary for ectoine and sucrose biosynthesis. The DNA G+C content was 50.7 mol %. The average nucleotide identity determined for genomes of strain Ch1-1T and M. vadi IT-4T was 78.8%. Based on the number of genotypic and phenotypic differences, we propose to classify this isolate as representing a novel species of the genus Methylomarinum, M. roseum sp. nov. strain Ch1-1T (=VKM B-3852T = UQM 41855T) is the type strain of the newly proposed species.
Study of Low-Dose CT Image Enhancement Network Based on Improved Cycle GAN Method
Authors: Wang Zhenduo , Samonte Mary Jane C.
Published: November 2024

Cycle-consistent Adversarial Network (Cycle GAN) is an image generation model based on a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), which has been widely used. In this paper, an improved image enhancement network based on Cycle GAN is proposed for low-dose CT image enhancement. By introducing a new loss function and network structure, the network improves the effect of image enhancement. In order to reduce the damage of X-rays to the human body, Low-dose CT (LDCT) is widely used in clinical diagnosis. However, quantum noise will be introduced into the projection data while the radiation dose is reduced. The quality of reconstructed CT images is reduced. Aiming at the problem of image noise in low-dose CT, the traditional image noise reduction methods cannot meet the practical needs due to the complicated process of noise reduction or the defects of the algorithm itself. A network model based on the residuals module is established, three identical residuals blocks are added to the original network, and the residual function after adding residuals blocks is optimized. In the part of generating network, deconvolution is used instead of reshaping the enhanced image, and the improved network is more stable in performance. The validity of the network model is verified by the test data.
Rural Landscape Planning and Design of Greenway Construction Path Based on Embedded Neural Network
Authors: Shui Yuan
Published: November 2024

As a link in rural landscapes, greenways have been given a new mission in their design and construction. The greenway design based on embedded neural networks not only emphasizes its natural value as an ecological corridor but also pays attention to its multifunctionality as a community activity center. By simulating and predicting the usage of greenways, dynamic evaluation and adjustment of their sustainability can be achieved. This study proposes to use intelligent greenways as a carrier, analyze market demand, tourist preferences, and local cultural resources through embedded neural networks, and innovate the design of characteristic tourism products. For example, dynamically adjusting tourism routes and activity projects based on seasonal changes, festival celebrations, and other factors to create immersive tourism experiences with local characteristics. Dynamically adjusting tourism routes adopts high-performance computing platforms and advanced data analysis technologies to ensure real-time and accurate data processing and analysis. Build customizable algorithm models that can be quickly adjusted and optimized based on changes in market demand and tourist preferences. At the same time, utilizing intelligent recommendation systems to provide personalized tourism planning for tourists enhances the attractiveness and competitiveness of rural tourism. In terms of rural environmental beautification and improvement, this study advocates using greenways as the main line, combined with the application of embedded neural networks in plant configuration, landscape design, and environmental art.
Research on the Construction of College Education Culture Identity Index System Based on Embedded Machine Learning Technology
Authors: Liu Dan
Published: November 2024

University culture is an effective way of ideological and political education for college students. The degree of identity of university culture can reflect the construction of university culture and provide a reference for the construction of university culture. This paper proposes that the construction of cultural identity should become the mission and task of the cultural quality education of universities in China in the new era. Chinese cultural identity is the Chinese people’s positive recognition of the most significant attribute of the Chinese national community, and its core is the recognition of its basic value. The objects of cultural identity include both the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation and the cultural nature with a sense of the times formed in the process of historical development. Strengthening the cultural identity of college students is the key problem that needs to be solved urgently in the talent training of colleges and universities, and is the core content of moral cultivation and cultural quality education. At present, the study of university culture lacks a quantitative perspective. This paper combines qualitative and quantitative analysis, draws on the Delphi expert survey method, and uses embedded machine learning technology to build a university cultural identity evaluation index system covering six first-level indicators, including value identity, institutional identity, behavioral identity, emotional identity, symbolic identity, and organizational identity. On this basis, empirical analysis is carried out, providing a new perspective for university culture research.
Optimization, Integration, and Open Sharing of Business English Course Resources Based on Embedded Neural Networks
Authors: Gu Rong
Published: November 2024

In the context of globalization, the construction and optimization of core courses in Business English have become a key link in the development of Business English majors in universities. Faced with the problems of scattered traditional curriculum resources and low efficiency of use, as well as the challenges of the explosive growth of online learning resources in the era of “mobile Internet plus+education”. How to effectively integrate and utilize business English course resources, build a systematic, rich, and efficient learning system, has become an important issue in improving the teaching quality and student learning experience of business English majors. This paper proposes the use of embedded neural network technology for deep mining and intelligent integration of business English course resources. By constructing a neural network model to analyze the characteristics of course resources such as content, difficulty, and applicable objects, automatic classification, labeling, and correlation analysis of resources can be achieved, thereby constructing a clearly structured, rich content, and closely connected business English course resource library. In addition, combined with personalized recommendation algorithms, the most suitable course resources are recommended to learners based on their learning behavior, interest preferences, and ability levels, thereby improving learning efficiency and satisfaction.
Analysis of Teaching Mode of Music Major Students Based on Personalized Recommendation Algorithm
Authors: Wang Hua
Published: November 2024

With the advent of the era of big data, the teaching practice model of music major has also changed. The emergence and growth of social media allow users to act freely. Therefore, on the basis of social tagging, this paper makes full use of the personalized description information and project content information carried by tags in collaborative tagging. A personalized music recommendation algorithm based on social networks is proposed. In social networks, complex interactive relationships are formed between users and music content, as well as between users themselves. By analyzing users’ historical behavior data (such as receiving and listening to playlists, liking, and sharing), we can calculate the similarity between users. For example, if two users frequently listen to the same song or artist, then their similarity is higher. Restart type random walk is an algorithm that iteratively searches on a graph, adding a “restart” mechanism to the traditional random walk. Specifically, during each walk, the algorithm has a certain probability (usually a preset small value, such as 0.15) to return to the starting node, rather than continuing to randomly select the next adjacent node. This mechanism helps the algorithm to explore new nodes while maintaining attention to the starting node, thereby avoiding getting stuck in local optima. A personalized mobile music recommendation algorithm based on the music genome is proposed based on the similarity of the node structure of two graphs and the random walk of restart type. Based on the similarity of interests between different users, a personalized mobile music recommendation algorithm is proposed to realize the personalized service of mobile terminals.
Optimization Study of Multi-Intelligent Economic Management Body System Modules in Adaptive Behavioral Pattern Learning and Simulation
Authors: Xiao Jing , Fu Min , Peng Li , Wang Zhangquan
Published: November 2024

As the operational landscape of enterprises grows increasingly complex and volatile, the significance of modularization in economic management has become even more pronounced. By segmenting the management system into distinct yet interdependent modules, enterprises are better equipped to adapt swiftly to market fluctuations, enabling the efficient allocation of resources and the enhancement of management efficacy. Enterprise risk management, a pivotal component of modular management, faces unprecedented challenges, with traditional risk assessment methodologies often failing to meet the stringent demands for precision and real-time responsiveness. To overcome these challenges, this paper proposes a novel GT-DQN framework, integrating Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), transformer, and Deep Q-Network (DQN) algorithms to facilitate risk assessment within enterprise economic management. The framework undertakes comprehensive modeling of enterprise financial data, market transaction records, macroeconomic indicators, and supply chain relationships via GNN, while the transformer captures dynamic shifts in time series data. Ultimately, DQN optimizes risk decision-making strategies within an evolving economic environment, thereby enhancing the accuracy and stability of risk assessments. Experimental results demonstrate that the GT-DQN framework developed in this study achieves a recognition accuracy of 90% on public datasets across three tiers of enterprise risk — high, medium, and low — providing a robust technical foundation for future risk prediction and analysis in the modular management of enterprise economies.
Dynamic Monitoring and Real-Time Data Acquisition Technology for Wire Status Based on Artificial Intelligence Timing Analysis
Authors: Zerui Chen , Yanhong Xiao , Jiaxiang Ou , Xin Wu , Houpeng Hu , Peilin He , Hangfeng Li , Yaodan Deng
Published: November 2024

With the development of smart grids, the demand for wire condition monitoring is increasing. However, traditional monitoring methods face problems such as insufficient real-time performance, limited data analysis capabilities, and lack of intelligence. The data source of this paper is various sensors installed on-site on the main transmission lines in City A. The collection objects are mainly temperature, humidity, and wind speed, and the collection period is from January 2024 to June 2024. In the subsequent data processing and analysis process, the raw data undergoes preprocessing, including data cleaning, normalization, trend removal, and outlier handling, to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data. This paper uses deep belief networks to capture feature information from wire state data through multi-layer nonlinear mapping and classify it. Additionally, a recurrent neural network is employed to dynamically predict wire state by dividing the input sequence into fixed-length subsequences. The results show that the average response time of the monitoring system based on deep belief networks is 182.7[Formula: see text]ms, which is 67[Formula: see text]ms shorter than traditional monitoring systems and significantly reduces the missed detection rate of potential faults. The intelligent wire condition monitoring system studied in this paper has improved the safety and reliability of power infrastructure.
The study on non-uniform strain failure of YBa2Cu3O7−δ coated conductors with high critical current
Authors: Huang Zhiting , Qian Chengcheng , Su Xiyang , Zhou Jun , Zhang Xingyi
Published: November 2024

The YBa2Cu3[Formula: see text] (YBCO)-coated conductors (CCs) exhibit great potential in the manufacturing of ultrahigh field magnets, superconducting fault current limiter, etc., while the irreversible strain plays a crucial role in designing and optimizing the superconducting devices. However, it is a big challenge to obtain the strain dependence of critical current ([Formula: see text]) of the coated conductor YBCO CC (width = 10[Formula: see text]mm, critical current [Formula: see text]500[Formula: see text]A) because of easy destruction induced by strain concentration near the grips in the process of tension. In addition, factors such as non-uniform deformation, contact resistance, and even mechanoelectrical coupling effect, which can induce non-uniform performance degradation, will be huge barriers against the accurate measurement of irreversible strain. In this paper, the failure phenomena and inducement analysis are studied, and an optimized experimental program is proposed based on the test and finite element analysis, which reduces the measuring errors caused by some unfavorable factors. At the end, the complete electrical performance degradation curve of YBCO CC with high [Formula: see text] is given.
Strongly One-Sided ( b,c ) -Inverses in Rings
Authors: Wu Cang , Chen Jianlong
Published: November 2024

We give some new characterizations of strongly one-sided [Formula: see text]-invertibility of elements in rings, and establish the relations between one-sided [Formula: see text]-inverses and strongly one-sided [Formula: see text]-inverses. When [Formula: see text], Kaplansky's theorem on the number of one-sided inverses is generalized to the case of strongly one-sided [Formula: see text]-inverses. Moreover, we give some new characterizations of Dedekind-finite rings from the viewpoint of [Formula: see text]-finiteness, and thus answer a question in [L. Wang, D. Mosić, The one-sided inverse along two elements in rings, Linear Multilinear Algebra 69 (13) (2021) 2410–2422].
Non-invariance of Weak Approximation with Brauer–Manin Obstruction
Authors: Wu Han
Published: November 2024

We study weak approximation with Brauer–Manin obstruction with respect to extensions of number fields. For any nontrivial extension [Formula: see text], assuming a conjecture of M. Stoll, we prove that there exists a [Formula: see text]-threefold satisfying weak approximation with Brauer–Manin obstruction off all archimedean places, while its base change to [Formula: see text] fails. Then we illustrate this construction with an explicit unconditional example.
Adjacency Spectrum of Reduced Power Graphs of Finite Groups
Authors: Rajkumar R. , Anitha T.
Published: November 2024

The reduced power graph of a group [Formula: see text], denoted by [Formula: see text], is the graph whose vertex set is the set of all elements of [Formula: see text] and two vertices [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are adjacent in [Formula: see text] if and only if [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we study the adjacency spectrum of the reduced power graph of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], dihedral group, quaternion group and semi-dihedral group.
‘Every Run Is Hard’: Endurance Athletes’ Experiences of Return to Sports Participation After COVID‐19—A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Haley Cheryl Anne , Van Aswegen Helena , Olivier Benita
Published: November 2024

Protracted return to sport (RTS) following COVID‐19 is common due to long‐term cardiopulmonary symptoms and persistent fatigue. In athletes, low exercise tolerance may result in emotional distress. The aim of this study is to assess the symptom severity, the management thereof and the impact on quality of life (QOL) as endurance athletes return to their preillness level of sports participation. A cross‐sectional survey‐based mixed methods study of long‐distance athletes was performed. Quantitative data included sport and disease characteristics, fatigue score and management of persistent symptoms. A total of 295 survey responses were included. The mean age was 45.1 (10.2) years and 54.7% were male. Barriers to exercise included tachycardia (72%), fatigue (72%), dyspnoea (58%) and inability to exercise at high intensities (75%). High physical and mental fatigue scores were found, the former significantly predicting return to sport. Qualitative data were collected through open‐ended questions exploring challenges faced when returning to sport post‐COVID‐19 convalescence and the impact on their QOL. Biopsychosocial well‐being constituted three themes: Physical, Psychological and Social. Categories with high code frequencies included persistent cardiopulmonary symptoms, physical fatigue, emotional distress and social disengagement. Mixing the methods revealed that the athletes’ QOL deteriorated due to protracted RTS after COVID‐19. A multidisciplinary approach to management may be required by endurance athletes.