bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fibrosarcoma ameloblástico encapsulado
Authors: Delgado-Azañero Wilson A. , Funes Rumiche Italo , Torres Vega Fernando , Calderón Ubaqui Víctor
Published: March 2016

El fibrosarcoma ameloblástico es un tumor odontogénico raro, compuesto por epitelio benigno y tejido mesenquimal maligno que semeja a un fibrosarcoma. Se considera que es la contraparte maligna del fibrosarcoma ameloblástico. Aun cuando los cambios histológicos son claramentemalignos, este tumor rara vez produce metástasis, pero su crecimiento progresivo es infiltrante y destruye los tejidos adyacentes pudiendo llegar hasta la base del cráneo. En este trabajo se presenta un caso de fibrosarcoma ameloblástico desarrollado en la mandíbula derecha de unamujer joven de 19 años de edad. Las características clínicas, radiográficas y sintomatología de la lesión, correspondían a un tumor odontogénico benigno e igualmente en el estudio histológico se podía identificar una capsula fibrosa bien definida. Sin embargo, el tejido dentro de la cápsulamostraba cambios mesenquimales francamente malignos. El tratamiento consistió en la extirpación de la hemimandíbula complementado con radiaciones. El seguimiento después de 5,3 años mostró que la paciente se encontraba libre de enfermedad.
Microfiltración coronal in vitro con tres materiales de obturación temporal utilizados en endodoncia
Authors: Caballero-García Carmen S. , García-Rupaya Carmen R. , Untiveros-Bermúdez Graciela
Published: March 2016

El propósito de la presente investigación fue evaluar in vitro la microfiltración coronal comparando tres materiales de obturación temporal: IRM, Coltosol y Eco-Temp en piezas monorradiculares por el método electroquímico. Se prepararon 51 piezas dentarias unirradicularesseparadas según el tipo de cemento utilizado; obturadas con Eco-temp, obturadas con Coltosol, obturadas con IRM, el control positivo fueron dientes con aperturas camerales sin obturación y control negativo fueron dientes con coronas intactas. A las piezas dentarias solo se les dejo lacorona y el tercio coronal de la raíz, se introdujo un alambre de acero inoxidable en el conducto radicular de cada diente, éste iba conectado a un micro amperímetro. Todos los dientes fueron sumergidos en una solución de KCl al 1% con un alambre de acero inoxidable que iba conectado a una fuente de poder, la cual proporcionaba el potencial de 15 V. La filtración coronal fue medida en microamperios, y el tiempo de evaluación fue al día 1, 2, 4, 6 y 7. Se utilizó para el análisis de datos las pruebas ANOVA y Tukey. Se encontró diferencias estadísticamentesignificativas (p<0,05) al comparar los tres cementos de obturación temporal. La microfiltración fue menor con el cemento Eco-temp (0,018 mA), seguido del Coltosol (0,037 mA) y por último el IRM (0,054 mA) que presentó la mayor microfiltración.
Evaluación del un programa educativo-preventivo de salud oral con uso del recurso multimedia, en adolescentes peruanos
Authors: Noborikawa-Kohatsu Andrés Kenichi , Kanashiro Irakawa Carmen Rosa
Published: March 2016

El propósito del presente estudio fue evaluar la influencia del Programa Educativo de Salud Oral Sonrisas (PESOS) en la higiene oral y en los conocimientos de salud oral de los adolescentes del primer y segundo año de educación secundaria del Colegio La Unión, del distrito de Pueblo Librede Lima, Perú. Fueron evaluados 132 estudiantes sobre su higiene oral y sus conocimientos de higiene oral antes y después del programa. El PESOS consistió en cuatro sesiones en las que se impartieron charlas sobre las estructuras de la cavidad oral, enfermedades orales más frecuentes y prevención en salud oral. Con el objetivo de proporcionar información permanente y rápido acceso sobre los temas impartidos durante las charlas, fue entregado un CD-ROM multimedia con toda la información pertinente, lo cual permitió a los estudiantes una comunicación activa entre ellos y la información contenida en el CD-ROM, a través de la computadora (feed back). Para evaluar la higiene oral, fue empleado el índice simplificado de higiene oral de Greene-Vermillion y para medir los conocimientos adquiridos de los estudiantes fue aplicado un cuestionario validado por un grupo de especialistas en el área. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron a los autores concluir que tanto la higiene oral, como los conocimientos básicos sobre salud oral fueron mejorados después del PESOS (p=0,01), demostrando la importancia del uso de métodos creativos e innovadores en programas educativos de salud oral en adolescentes.
Evaluación de la microdureza superficial de una resina compuesta según fuente de luz, su opacidad y tiempo de exposición Webb-Linares LJ, Reynoso-Zeballos GE, Manuel Lagravere
Authors: Webb-Linares Louise Jacqueline , Reynoso-Zeballos Giovanna Elizabeth , Lagravere-Vich Manuel
Published: March 2016

El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la microdureza superficial de una resina compuesta según el tipo de lámpara o fuente de luz, opacidad y tiempo de exposición. Se utilizaron la lámpara halógena Astralis® 10 (Ivoclar Vivadent) y la lámpara LED BluePhase® (Ivoclar Vivadent). Se utilizó la resina microhíbrida 4Season® (Ivoclar Vivadent) en los colores Enamel Trans Super Clear (ETSC), Enamel A2 (A2E), Dentin A2 (A2E). El tiempo de exposición empleado fue de 20s, 40s y 60s. Se confeccionaron 5 muestras de 5x5x2 mm por cada grupo de estudio. Las muestras se almacenaron durante 24 horas en un recipiente seco y oscuro despuésde la polimerización. Las muestras se evaluaron utilizando la prueba de microdureza Vickers con un microdurómetro HMV-2 (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japón), en la superficie superior e inferior. Los datos fueron analizados a través de la prueba ANOVA/Tukey. Para detectar diferencias entre lassuperficies se empleó el análisis t de Student para muestras pareadas. Los mayores valores de microdureza superficial fueron para la resina Enamel Trans Super Clear. La lámpara halógena proporcionó mayores valores de microdureza superficial. Para las lámparas LED o hubo diferencia significativa a los 20s, 40s y 60s. Para la lámpara halógena a los 20s se obtuvo los menores valores de microdureza; entre 40s y 60s no hubo diferencia significativa.
¿Es la caries dental una enfermedad infecciosa y transmisible?
Authors: Pérez Luyo Ada G.
Published: March 2016

Este artículo discute un paradigma central relacionado a la cariología y que se refiere a la idea que se tiene de la caries dental como enfermedad infecciosa empleada como sinónimo de enfermedad transmisible. Los nuevos avances en las técnicas moleculares nos han dado nuevas luces acerca de la microflora oral autóctona y como la placa dental funciona como una biopelícula. Una hipótesis reciente nos describe la relación que existe entre la placa bacteriana y el huésped en la salud y en la enfermedad. Existe evidencia que la caries dental no es una enfermedad infecciosa clásica. Por el contrario, esta dolencia es resultado de un cambio ecológico en la biopelícula adherida a la superficie dental. Además, la transmisión del SM de la madre hacia el niño no implica que la enfermedad se desarrolle, por lo contrario, la caries dental pertenece a lasenfermedades comunes "complejas" o "multifactoriales" donde interactúan varios factores de riesgo de índole genético, medioambientales y conductuales
Características Epidemiológicas y clínicas de la Brucelosis en 50 grupos familiares.
Authors: GOTUZZO Eduardo , CARRILLO Carlos , SEAS Carlos , GUERRA Jorge , MAGUIÑA Ciro
Published: March 2016

Las evaluaciones epidemiológicas y clínicas de Brucelosis realizada durante 6 años (1981-1987) en la UEIT con 50 familias, nos han permitido observar una alta tasa de infección sintomática155/303 (51.1%) e identificar como factores de riesgo para contraer la enfermedad: Edad mayor de 10 años 138/251 (54.98%) versus 17/52 (32.7%) en menores de 10 años (p<0.05) y familias con cinco o menos miembros 66.2% versus 45% en familias más numerosas (p<0.001) así como postular la exposición a fuente común extendida como forma de adquisición de la enfermedad. Se observó la importancia del tratamiento adecuado en fases tempranas de la enfermedad. Detectamos mayor gravedad clínica en mujeres 26/61 (42.6%) versus 6/53 (11.3%) en hombres (p<0.05) y especialmente en Artritis Brucelar (p<0.05). El comportamiento heterogéneo de la enfermedad entre los miembros de una misma familia sugiere que la respuesta delhuésped, más que la virulencia del microorganismo, es determinante en el curso clínico de la enfermedad.
Ventilación Mecánica en la UCI del Departamento de Medicina del Hospital Cayetano Heredia.
Authors: REY DE CASTRO Jorge , PIÑEIRO Andrés , CARCELEN Amador
Published: March 2016

Este informe destaca las complicaciones observadas durante el tratamiento con soporte respiratorio en 64 pacientes en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Departamento de Medicina del Hospital Cayetano Heredia entre los años 1983 y 1985. Las complicaciones más frecuentes estuvieron relacionadas al cuidado de la vía aérea:Intubación en el bronquio derecho en 12 casos, ruptura del manguito en 11, autoextubación en 8, y salida accidental de la cánula de traqueostomía en 7. Entre las de tipo técnico destacaron: desconexión del enchufe en 9, alarma interrumpida en 7, falla del ventilador en 4 y ruptura del cable eléctrico en 2. Otras complicaciones fueron: Atelectasias en 24, desconexión del ventilador al paciente 8, fuga de presión 7 y neumotórax a tensión en 4 casos. En 4 condiciones la muerte del paciente fue atribuida auna complicación: Neumotórax a tensión en 2, inadecuado manejo de secreciones en 1 y desconexión inadvertida del ventilador en 1 caso. Se logró destete exitoso en 21 (32%) pacientes que posteriormente fueron dados de alta sin secuelas. Las complicaciones observadas son fiel reflejo de las condiciones particulares del trabajo médico como son: Apertura reciente de la Unidad, personal de enfermería inexperto en su fase inicial,inexistencia del terapista respiratorio, pieza fundamental en el equipo que labora con el enfermo crítico respiratorio, infraestructura deficiente, pobres recursos técnicos, escasopresupuesto y precario servicio de mantenimiento.
Trisomía parcial del Cromosoma 13: alteraciones fenotípicas leves y retardo mental.
Authors: QUIROGA DE MICHELENA María Isabel
Published: March 2016

Se presenta un paciente con trisomía de la parte distal del brazo largo del cromosoma 13, fenotipo característico y retardo mental. El caso ilustra la necesidad de buscar anomalías cromosómicas “menores” en pacientes con retardo mental, aunque los rasgosdismórficos sean leves y no típicos de anomalías cromosómicas conocidas.
Avulsión Penoescrotal: Orquidopexia ectópica, descripción de 2 casos.
Authors: RODRIGUEZ Francisco , RAMIREZ Abel , OTTA Renán , GALINDO Jacinto , MEZA Miguel , ZEVALLOS Augusto
Published: March 2016

La avulsión traumática de la piel del escroto y del pene, se observa con una frecuencia cada vez mayor. Una solución a este problema es la orquidopexia ectópica, que, al ser una técnica quirúrgica sencilla, debe ser considerada como alternativa en los pacientescon recursos económicos limitados.
Vigilancia Fetal
Authors: SAONA UGARTE Pedro
Published: March 2016

La percepción de la actividad fetal por la madre es la técnica más antigua y menos costosa de controlar el bienestar fetal. Tradicionalmente se ha considerado la disminución o ausencia de movimientos fetales percibidos por la madre, como una señal de alarma, en especial cuando existe insuficiencia útero placentaria. Varios investigadores han descrito el valor del registro diario de movimientos fetales como un método para identificar el feto en peligrote morir. El poder discernir si el feto se encuentra en un período de reposo fisiológico o en una disminución anormal de suactividad es difícil pero importante. Se describen varias definiciones de la percepción materna de inactividad fetal. El propósito del estudio fue detectar condiciones anormales del feto a través del registro de movimientos fetales. Para la evaluación seutilizó la cartilla de Cardiff de 10 movimientos, desarrollada por Pearson y Weaver. Se evaluaron 126 gestantes con embarazo de más de 26 semanas de la siguiente manera: se consideró inactividad menos de 10 movimientos en 12 horas. El 10% de las pacientes mostró inactividad fetal, estimándose que la mitad de estos casos presentarán una evolución desfavorable debido a insuficiencia placentaria y sufrimiento fetal durante el parto. El registro diario de los movimientos fetales es un método simple y efectivo para detectar condiciones fetales anormales. Debería ser usado en todos los embarazos de alto riesgo, en especial en aquellos complicados por incompatibilidad del sistema Rh,diabetes mellitus e insuficiencia placentaria. Sin embargo la decisión de intervenir no debiera basarse únicamente en la actividad fetal. La inactividad fetal requiere ampliar el estudio mediante cardiotocografía y ultrasonido (actividad cardiaca, movimientos respiratorios, movimientos del tronco y extremidades, búsqueda de malformaciones en el feto, estudio de morfología placentaria y volumen de líquido amniótico).
Evolution Dilemma of the United Nations
Authors: Yenigun Cuneyt M
Published: March 2016

The United Nations (UN), despite some successful stories, has largely failed to safeguard international peace and security, particularly in the Middle East since its establishment. The UN’s inability to effectively resolve international conflicts is due to the Security Council (UNSC)’s decision making-process. The power to block any initiatives that do not fit the interest of any of the five permanent members (P5: US, UK, France, Russia, China) have impeded the UN’s ability to take effectively take actions where it is needed in safeguarding security in the Middle East. The nature of the veto power no longer reflects the reality of the 21st century; the UN is frozen in the context of the post-Second World War era and has failed to evolve with the international community.  Double standards in the International Court of Justice's decrees and infirmity of purpose of the UNSC overshadow the legitimacy of the organization, jeopardizing its security mission, and clashes with the democratic values in world public opinion. The UN should change to earn legitimacy and efficiency of preserving international peace and security by amending decision making system in the UNSC or changing decision-making organ within the UN. The Secretary General’s diplomatic activism and attempts to fill the gap left by the P5 infightings could not succeed because of the resistance of the UNSC’s permanent members to change and lack of integrity among the other states. To ensure democratic transformation of the UN today, all states, NGOs and think tanks should work together. This study discusses the system's current shortcomings and suggests some alternative paths for the effective transformation of the UN as a supranational security institution.
Blood Glucose Levels Following Intra-Articular Steroid Injections in Patients with Diabetes
Authors: Choudhry M.N. , Malik R.A. , Charalambous Charalambos Panayiotou
Published: March 2016

Background:

Parenterally administered steroids have been shown to affect the metabolism of glucose and to cause abnormal blood glucose levels in diabetic patients. These abnormal blood glucose levels in diabetic patients raise concerns that intra-articular steroid injections also may affect blood glucose levels. We performed a systematic review of studies examining the effect of intra-articular steroid injections on blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Methods:

A literature search of the PubMed, EMBASE, AMED, and CINAHL databases using all relevant keywords and phrases revealed 532 manuscripts. After the application of inclusion criteria, seven studies with a total of seventy-two patients were analyzed.

Results:

All studies showed a rise in blood glucose levels following intra-articular steroid injection. Four of the seven studies showed a substantial increase in blood glucose. Peak values reached as high as 500 mg/dL. The peak increase in blood glucose did not occur immediately following intra-articular steroid injection, and in some cases it took several days to occur. In many patients, post-injection hyperglycemia occurred within twenty-four to seventy-two hours.

Conclusion:

Intra-articular steroid injections may cause hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus, and patients should be warned of this complication. Diabetic patients should be advised to regularly monitor their blood glucose levels for up to a week after injection and should seek medical advice if safe thresholds are breached.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Drained/Undrained-Zones Boundary in Steam-Assisted-Gravity-Drainage Process
Authors: Irani Mazda , Gates Ian
Published: March 2016

Li et al. (2004) described three zones at the edge of steam chambers on the basis of drainage conditions: drained, partially drained, and undrained. In the drained zone, the pore pressure is controlled by injection pressure, and fluid mobility within this region is sufficient to drain additional pore pressures because of shear dilation and pore-fluid thermal expansion. The undrained zone lies beyond the partially drained zone and extends to virgin reservoir far beyond the chamber. In this zone shearing behaves under undrained conditions; by this, Li et al. (2004) mean no volume change occurs but shear lead to changes in pore pressure. Li et al. (2004) proposed that the boundaries of these zones are dependent on bitumen viscosity, which relates to the temperature distribution beyond the steam interface. Because drained/undrained conditions affect the geomechanics at the edge of the chamber, we investigate whether the assumption of Li et al. (2004) that there is no volume change within the sheared zone is correct and is supported by field data. Here, we establish the physics associated with the undrained zone at the edge of steam-assisted gravity-drainage steam chamber and explore the pressure front vs. temperature front of different oil-sand field projects. The results reveal that the drained zone governed by pressure-front advancement is greater in extent than the sheared zone. The thermodynamics of the undrained zone are discussed to derive a new theory for mechanothermal phenomena at the edge of the chamber. The results from the theory show that the drained zone extends beyond the temperature front and thus, from a geomechanical point of view, the system solely consists of the drained and partially drained zones.
New Propped-Fracture-Conductivity Models for Tight Gas Sands
Authors: Awoleke Obadare O. , Zhu D.. , Hill A. D.
Published: March 2016

In this work, we developed two models of fracture conductivity in the presence of proppant-pack damage. The models are derived from the analysis of experiments relating dynamic fracture conductivity to flowback rate, reservoir temperature, polymer loading, presence of breaker, closure stress, and proppant concentration.

The first model is purely empirical, and it is modeled after fracture-conductivity studies conducted in previous work. The experimental design and planning table were derived from fractional-factorial designs. This meant that we could uniquely quantify the effect of all the dependent variables and also ensure that the factors are not correlated. We tested the empirical model for adequacy—that is, ensuring the model residuals are normally distributed with no obvious trend and approximately constant variance. Because empirical models are generally constrained by the data on which they are built, we developed a semiempirical model dependent on dimensional analysis and nonlinear regression. Dimensionless products from the dimensional analysis procedure form the backbone of this semiempirical model.

We used subset-regression analysis to determine the optimal regression model and found that model was adequate. We also found two dimensionless groups and used them to develop the semiempirical model. We thereafter corrected the semiempirical model for the effect of temperature. Both the purely empirical model and the semiempirical model match experimental data with reasonable accuracy.

These models can be used as a first approximation for the short-term fracture conductivity of field hydraulic fractures. We also present methodology by which engineers can develop empirical models, assess uncertainty, and test for regression-model adequacy given noisy data.
A Unified Model for Soil Shrinkage, Subsidence, and Cracking
Authors: Stewart Ryan D. , Rupp David E. , Abou Najm Majdi R. , Selker John S.
Published: March 2016

Many clayey soils shrink as they dry, causing a shift of porosity from inside to outside the soil aggregates and leading to the formation of shrinkage cracks and/or surface subsidence. During swelling, shrinkage cracks begin to seal and/or the soil surface rises. Previous models have focused on describing shrinkage at the aggregate level, with little success in predicting soil cracking and subsidence. To remedy this shortcoming, we provide a unified, physically based set of governing equations for these three pore domains (aggregates, cracks, and subsidence) and predict the porosity distribution among domains as a function of soil water content and minimal (up to six) additional parameters. Examples collected from a variety of soils show how these functions describe shrinkage of soil samples in the laboratory; quantify the relationships among soil suction, soil shrinkage, and water content using the same set of parameters; and predict sealing of soil cracks in the field. This approach provides the framework for accurate and unified hydromechanical modeling of swelling soils.
Analyzing the turbulent flow on steep open channels
Authors: Aghebatie Behrouz , Hosseini Khosrow
Published: March 2016

In channels with steep slopes, the flow is supercritical and the formation of roll waves is expected. In order to evaluate the flow behaviors in steep open channels, the Azad dam spillway is simulated numerically and its flow characteristics are compared with the physical model tests. In this study, the hydraulic variables including hydraulic depth and water surface profile are studied along the steep open channels. The k-ɛ turbulence model is considered in this study. It is shown that in the conditions in which the angle of the wave forehead is less than 35 degrees, the formation of roll waves is inevitable.
Understanding User Reactions and Interactions With an Internet-Based Intervention for Tinnitus Self-Management: Mixed-Methods Process Evaluation Protocol
Authors: Greenwell Kate , Sereda Magdalena , Coulson Neil , Hoare Derek J
Published: March 2016

Background

Tinnitus is a common medical symptom that can affect an individual’s emotional and functional quality of life. Psychological therapies are acknowledged as beneficial to people with tinnitus; however, such therapies are not always readily accessible. With their global reach, automated Internet-based interventions have the potential to reduce the disparity in access to psychological support that people with tinnitus currently experience. However, the evidence on the acceptability and efficacy of these interventions is lacking. Process evaluations that develop an in-depth understanding of how users experience these interventions provide an essential first step when evaluating complex psychological interventions.

Objective

To describe the protocol for a study that will explore past, current, and new users’ reactions to and interactions with the Tinnitus E-Programme, an Internet-based intervention for the self-management of tinnitus.

Methods

Two parallel mixed-methods studies will be carried out with 2 different populations. Study 1 will use an online survey to gather past and current users’ views of the program. Study 2 will recruit new program users to take part in an interview and complete a relaxation log to explore how well they were able to implement the skills they learned during the program in their everyday lives. The findings from both studies will be triangulated to develop an in-depth understanding of the program’s mechanisms of impact and identify any implementation or contextual factors that strengthen or impede its delivery and functioning.

Results

Study 1 is open for recruitment with a projected completion in June 2016 and Study 2 was completed November 2015. At the time of submission, 36 participants have been recruited to Study 1 and 12 participants have taken part in Study 2.

Conclusions

Findings will inform the optimization of the Tinnitus E-Programme and guide future evaluation work to assess the program’s effectiveness as a therapy for people with tinnitus.
A Windswept Archipelago: Stories of Perception, Time and Landscape in the Orkney Islands
Authors: Friend Sara Bowman
Published: March 2016

This paper explores the interconnection between individual experience, place and time in the Orkney Islands of Scotland, an island now renowned for the generation and development of renewable energy. I consider and discuss three informant's comments on wind turbines in particular. Each ethnographic example I include expresses its own time-orientation. The aim is to draw out the complexities of the difference in perception and opinion experienced by each example, in order to discuss why and how difference in perception and experience of the landscape occurs and why it matters.
Becoming With, in Life and Death
Authors: Kuemmerle Hannah
Published: March 2016

Abstract: Based on a life-long relationship between trust and domination of human and horse, this essay is a personal reflection on how perceptions and relationships shape the way we (as humans and non-humans in shared relationships) deal with implemented mercy deaths. What can we learn from our non-human companions when it comes to the decision of putting them down? This essay explores, on one hand, the relation between domination and compassion as a way of dealing with an animal’s life and death. On the other hand it investigates trust and correspondence beyond borders of human exceptionalism as a different, more open way of becoming with each other, focussing on the transformative potential of co-responding relationships.
Esther’s Life Story within a Dryland Biography: Livelihood Viability in Central Pokot, Kenya
Authors: Roden Paul , Bergmann Christoph
Published: March 2016

From the introduction:This article represents our first attempt in exploring life stories by bringing the subtle details of one such story into dialogue with a broader scholarly concept, namely that of ‘system viability’ (Mistry et al. 2010; Berardi et al. 2013). The concept provides a generalised framework through which one can evaluate a system’s ability to survive, stay healthy, and prosper.
Stepping in and out of the picture: a drawing-based reflection on Walking Threads
Authors: Esposito Paola
Published: March 2016

This paper describes the process of making sense of the experience of Walking Threads, as mediated by the activities of writing and of drawing. It explicitly mobilises forms of imagination and inflections of consciousness which pertain to memory, dream and creative engagement.
"Walking Threads, Threading Walk": Weaving and Entangling Deleuze and Ingold with Threads
Authors: Loovers Jan Peter Laurens
Published: March 2016

In this paper, I explore theoretical discussions that have emrged through the Walking Threads exercise, correspondences with Lembo, philosophical treatises by Deleuze and Guattari, and anthropological works by Ingold. The subsequent theoretical exploration has been an attempt in weaving together all these different correspondences by walking in the theoretical imaginations of Ingold and Deleuze. Walking Threads, I conclude, can be considered as an exercise or way of incorporating theory into practice.
Introducing the Walking Threads Project
Authors: Loovers Jan Peter Laurens , Esposito Paola
Published: March 2016

The following collections of essays and creative interventions of Paola Esposito, Ragnhild Freng Dale, Jan Peter Laurens Loovers, and Brian Schultis are the result of individual attempts to recall, reflect, and make sense of an exercise called "Walking threads". It also expressed a commitment to allow experiences to grow within and between the authors in an exercise of attunement.
An Intuitive Walk – a thread to play along
Authors: Ang Gey Pin
Published: March 2016

A commentary reading on the Walking Thread Initiative, subsequent to the Sourcing Within workshop under the Knowing From The Inside project (KFI), Department of Anthropology, University of Aberdeen.
Pheochromocytoma of the urinary bladder - a case report
Authors: Maric Predrag , Milovic Novak , Bancevic Vladimir , Kosevic Branko , Aleksic Predrag , Jankovic-Kuzmic Snezana , Hajdukovic Zoran , Cerovic Snezana
Published: March 2016

Introduction. Pheochromocytoma of the urinary bladder is a rare tumor and
presents less than 0.06% of all urinary bladder tumors. Case report. We
presented a 49-year-old female patient with a history of daily paroxysmal
hypertension accompanied with flushing of the face and upper chest,
palpitations and excessive sweating prior to micturition. Ultrasonography
reported a 3 cm bladder wall tumor. The 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine
(131I-MIBG) scan showed a pathological isotope accumulation in the projection
of the bladder. The patient underwent a partial cystectomy. One year
following the operation the patient was normotensive and without recurrence.
Conclusion. The most efficient treatment option for bladder pheochromocytoma
is surgical resection. The most important fact in the diagnostics is
suspicion on this rare condition.
Evaluation of AASHTO Suggested Design Values for Reinforced Concrete Bridge Piers Under Vehicle Collisions
Authors: AuYeung Steven , Alipour Alice
Published: March 2016

Vehicle collisions with bridge piers result in a complex set of actions and reactions between the structural system and the vehicle. The design of these piers is very important as it can have an adverse effect on both the economy and the health and safety of users. Current design provisions, although simple to apply, do not account for the many variables that influence demand and capacity. The goal of this study was to analyze the behavior of bridge piers under vehicle collisions with respect to vehicle mass, velocity, pier diameter, and transverse reinforcement. The commercial finite element software LS-DYNA was used to simulate and analyze the vehicle collisions. The finite element models were first validated with available experimental data, then verified with the available finite element models to ensure accuracy and reliability of the results. Conservation of energy was continuously checked throughout the analyses to assure stability within each impact simulation. The results of the study show that the pier diameter governed the overall failure mode of the pier while the transverse reinforcement governed the degree of local failure. The results could be useful to bridge design engineers in ensuring that performance measures are acceptable.
Structural Redundancy of Prestressed Concrete Box Girder Bridges
Authors: Yang Jian , Hamutcuoglu O. Murat , Ni Yingsheng , Ghosn Michel
Published: March 2016

Bridges are usually designed and evaluated on the basis of member strength and serviceability criteria; however, they are expected to have sufficient levels of reserve strength and multiple paths to resist collapse should any of their members get damaged or exceed their nominal strength capacity. The ability of a structural system to redistribute the load around damaged members is referred to as structural redundancy. To account for bridge redundancy during the design and safety evaluation process, the AASHTO load and resistance factor design and load and resistance factor rating provide a preliminary set of load modifiers or system factors, most of which were developed based on the code writer’s judgment and experience. This paper evaluated the redundancy of prestressed concrete box girder bridges under vertical loads and lateral loads. Pushover and pushdown analyses were performed by using frame and grillage models in SAP2000. The grillage models were validated by more advanced finite element models built in ABAQUS. The effects of different damage scenarios and types of connections between the box girder and columns on the structural redundancy level were investigated. On the basis of those results, a set of system factors for prestressed concrete box bridges accounting for the system redundancy is proposed. The proposed system factors can be used during the design and safety assessment of prestressed concrete box girder bridges subjected to transient lateral load and vertical vehicle load.
Design of Short Reinforced Concrete Bridge Columns Under Vehicle Collision
Authors: Abdelkarim Omar I. , ElGawady Mohamed A.
Published: March 2016

This paper presents the behavior of reinforced concrete bridge columns subjected to vehicle collision. An extensive parametric study consisting of 13 parameters was conducted, examining the peak dynamic force and the equivalent static force (ESF) of a vehicle collision with reinforced concrete bridge columns. The ESF was calculated by using the Eurocode approach and the approach of the peak of the 25-ms moving average of the dynamic impact force. The ESFs from these two approaches were compared with the AASHTO load and resistance factor design ESF of 2,670 kN (600 kips). This ESF was found to be nonconservative for some cases and too conservative for others. The AASHTO load and resistance factor design ESF was nonconservative when the vehicle’s velocity exceeded 120 km/h (75 mph) and when the vehicle’s mass exceeded 16 tons (30 kips). This paper presents the first equation that calculates a design impact force, which is a function of the vehicle’s mass and velocity. The equation covers a wide range of vehicle velocities, from 56 km/h (35 mph) to 160 km/h (100 mph), and a wide range of vehicle masses, from 2 tons (4.4 kips) to 40 tons (90 kips). This approach will allow departments of transportation to design different bridge columns for different highways depending on the anticipated truck loads and speeds collected from the survey of roadways. A simplified equation based on the Eurocode equation of the ESF is proposed. These equations do not require finite element analyses.
Experimental and Numerical Studies on Flexural Behavior of Ultrahigh-Performance Concrete Panels Reinforced with Embedded Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Grids
Authors: Meng Weina , Khayat Kamal H.
Published: March 2016

The use of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) grids in reinforced concrete construction offers several advantages, such as high tensile strength and excellent corrosion resistance. This paper presents the results of experimental and numerical studies of the flexural performance of ultrahigh-performance concrete (UHPC) panels reinforced with GFRP grids. Such panels can be prefabricated and used as permanent formwork elements for bridge columns or walls. The mechanical properties of GFRP grids and UHPC were experimentally evaluated. The flexural performance of panels containing different reinforcement configurations was evaluated in three-point bending tests. The GFRP grids were found to be able to significantly enhance the flexural performance of the UHPC panels. A three-dimensional nonlinear finite element model was established by using ABAQUS, which incorporated the concrete damage plasticity model and can be used to predict the postfracture behaviors. The numerical model was experimentally validated by using the three-point bending test results and was then used for parametric studies. The studied parameters included the panel thickness and the layer number of the GFRP grids reinforcement. The proposed GFRP–UHPC panel system was shown to be promising for the development of lightweight, high-performance permanent formwork. Such formwork can be used in the accelerated construction of critical infrastructures for the enhancement of crack resistance and extension of the service life.
Flexural Behavior of Pultruded Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced Polymer I-Beams with Bonded-and-Bolted Splice Joints
Authors: Mutsuyoshi Hiroshi , Nguyen Hai , Zatar Wael , Ishihama Tatsuya
Published: March 2016

This paper presents experimental results of double-lap joints of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) or steel splice plates bonded and bolted to flanges and web of pultruded hybrid I-beams with carbon FRP and glass FRP. Eight large-scale specimens with bonded-and-bolted splice joints and two control beams were tested under four-point static flexural loading. The test results indicated that the double-lap splice joints, which incorporated high corrosion-resistant steel bolts, epoxy adhesive, and FRP splice plates with a grit-blasted surface finish provided an effective solution for joining the hybrid FRP I-beams. The grit-blasted surface finish of the FRP splice plates and the epoxy adhesive contributed to improving the joint stiffness and strength. Before debonding occurred, the stiffness of the bonded-and-bolted splice joints was dependent mainly upon the strength of the epoxy adhesive and the bonding surface of the splice plates, while the ultimate load and failure mode of the joints was governed by the number and strength of bolts. The specimens with failures in the splice connections showed more ductile behavior than specimens with failures beyond the connections. This difference is attributed to the slippage of the splice connections.
Advances in Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites in Transportation Infrastructure
Authors: O’Connor Jerome S. , Frankhauser Wayne
Published: March 2016

This paper summarizes NCHRP 20-68A U.S. Domestic Scan 13-03, Leading Practices in Use of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites in Transportation Infrastructure. To assess the state of the practice, in 2015 a scan team visited states that have been using FRP for highway structures. These agencies described successful applications but also noted the challenges of deploying a technology without the benefit of national standards. Project summaries, plans, and specifications were shared and will be made available as a result of the scan. Cost-effective uses were identified, including applications that provided an immediate solution to bridge owners in time-sensitive situations, such as when concrete girders have been hit by an over-height truck. By using FRP, it may be feasible to repair damaged girders within a few days. It is often not desirable to close or place load restrictions on a bridge while a long-term strategy is being developed because traffic congestion and economic disadvantage to local business can immediately ensue. In addition, the team identified a particular advantage in using FRP for heritage structures: FRP can often be used to repair and extend service life without significantly altering the appearance of a structure. The team also identified areas where practice could be improved. An inventory of FRP projects and performance history would be beneficial to others interested in the technology but is not currently available. Additional training is needed for bridge inspectors and the maintenance staff who are responsible for taking care of bridges. Perhaps, most important, AASHTO guidelines, commentary, and examples are needed for design, construction, and maintenance before the use of the material can fully mature and proliferate.
Registration of Common Wheat Germplasm with Mutations in SBEII Genes Conferring Increased Grain Amylose and Resistant Starch Content
Authors: Schönhofen André , Hazard Brittany , Zhang Xiaoqin , Dubcovsky Jorge
Published: March 2016

Starch present in the endosperm of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grains is an important source of carbohydrates worldwide. Starches with a greater proportion of amylose have increased levels of resistant starch, a dietary fiber that can provide human health benefits. Induced mutations in STARCH BRANCHING ENZYME II (SBEII) genes in wheat are associated with increased amylose and resistant starch. Ethyl methane sulfonate mutations in SBEIIa and SBEIIb paralogs were combined in the hexaploid wheat cultivar Lassik. Four mutant combinations were generated: SBEIIa/b‐AB (Reg. No. GP‐997, PI 675644); SBEIIa/b‐A, SBEIIa‐D (Reg. No. GP‐998, PI 675645); SBEIIa/b‐B, SBEIIa‐D (Reg. No. GP‐999, PI 675646); and SBEIIa/b‐AB, SBEIIa‐D (Reg. No. GP‐1000, PI 675647). The SBEII mutant lines were compared with a wild‐type control in a greenhouse and field experiment. The quintuple mutant line (SBEIIa/b‐AB, SBEIIa‐D) presented significant increases in both amylose (51% greenhouse; 63% field) and resistant starch (947% greenhouse; 1057% field) relative to the control. A decrease in total starch content (7.8%) was observed in the field experiment. The quintuple mutant also differed in starch viscosity parameters. Registration of the hexaploid wheat SBEII‐mutant lines by University of California, Davis can help expedite the development of common wheat cultivars with increased amylose and resistant starch content.
Farmer-led Innovations in Rice Farming System in the Flood-prone Ecosystem of Bangladesh
Authors: Alam M Shahe , Husain MM , Abedin MZ
Published: March 2016

Farmers in the flood-prone areas of Faridpur district have innovated rice-based farming technologies to improve their farm production and household income. One of such innovations is relay cropping of modern variety (MV) rice with jute. In order to investigate the detail socioeconomic issues of this farmer-led innovation, a survey-based study was undertaken during 2003. The analysis revealed that, following Jute + rice relay cropping method, farmers could enrich their farm productivity and household income. Farmers innovation involves lesser production costs compared to the conventional method and obtained much higher gross margin. Moreover, the new method proved to be advantageous in several ways: (i) the innovation involves about 6% less labour in MV Aman cultivation; (ii) under this technology, MV Aman rice can escape water stress in October, i.e. needs no supplemental irrigation; (iii) farmers have the scope of bearing almost 20% less input cost; and (iv) farmers can avoid the botheration of Aman seed bed preparation. Partial budget analysis further showed that, farmers could receive higher profit of Tk.4021/ha through MV rice production as relay cropping with Jute compared to that of rice production as sequential cropping.
Evaluation of Growth and Yield of Selected Hybrid and Inbred Rice (Oryza sativa L) Varieties Grown in Boro Season
Authors: Islam MS , Bhuiya MSU
Published: March 2016

Pot experiments were conducted in net house during Boro 2002 and 2003 at Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) to compare the growth and yield of hybrid and inbred rice varieties under controlled condition. Hybrid variety Sonarbangla-1 and BRRI hybrid dhan1 and inbred modern variety BRRI dhan29 were used in both the years. During Boro 2002, Sonarbangla-1 and BRRI hybrid dhan1 had higher plant height and tillers hill-1 compared to BRRI dhan29. The largest leaf area of 75cm2 hill-1 was recorded in BRRI hybrid dhan1 at 30 DAT but at 60 and 90 DAT, Sonarbangla-1 had the highest leaf area of 723 and 1406 cm2 hill-1, respectively. The highest shoot dry matter production was recorded in BRRI hybrid dhan1 at 30 DAT but in Sonarbangla-1 at 60 and 90 DAT. Rooting depth and root dry weight of Sonarbangla-1 were 15- 20% higher than those of BRRI hybrid dhan1 and BRRI dhan29. At harvest, the largest number of panicles hill-1 was observed in BRRI dhan29 followed by Sonarbangla-1. The number of grains panicle-1, 1000-grain weight and grain yield were higher in Sonarbangla-1 followed by BRRI dhan29. During Boro 2003, highest plant height, number of tillers hill-1, leaf area and shoot dry matter were recorded in BRRI hybrid dhan1 at all DAT, followed by Sonarbangla-1 in most cases. Rooting depth and root dry weight were the highest in Sonarbangla-1 followed by BRRI hybrid dhan1. At harvest, highest number of panicles hill-1 were observed in BRRI dhan29 and Sonarbangla-1 but BRRI hybrid dhan1 had the highest number of grains panicle-1. Sonarbangla-1 had the highest 1000-grain weight and grain yield.
Acetic acid Effect on Seedling Growth of Some Anoxia-tolerant Land Race Rice (Oryza sativa L) Genotypes
Authors: Biswas JK , Khan ASM Tareq , Yasmeen R , Rahman MS
Published: March 2016

An in vitro study was conducted to observe the effect of acetic acid in the process of seedling growth of five anoxia-tolerant land race rice genotypes (Tepi boro, Chaita boro, Bashful, Jahmir and Banajira) under hypoxic condition at two pH levels: pH 5 and pH 7. The acetic acid concentrations were 0, 4, 8 and 12 mM. Seedlings were grown in the test tubes containing 18 ml acetic acid-water solution (equivalent to 50 mm water column above the seed) under the two pH conditions at 30 °C for 7 days in dark. The nature and extent of the genotype responses varied with the concentrations of acetic acid and pH levels. Increased acetic acid concentration affected coleoptile length, mesocotyl length, 1st leaf length and root length significantly. The genotype Bashful was able to produce the longest 1st leaf length at pH 5. The 1st leaf growth of genotype Jahmir varied a little with the pH levels used in this study. Higher pH (pH 7) appeared to minimize acetic acid shock of the seedlings in the process of development.
Predicting Phosphorus Desorption from Acid Piedmont Rice Soils of Bangladesh
Authors: Islam MA , Saleque MA , Karim AJMS , Solaiman ARM , Sarker ABS
Published: March 2016

A laboratory experiment was conducted at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur during 2003 to determine phosphorus (P) desorption characteristics for 10 acid piedmont rice soils of Bangladesh. Soil samples were analyzed for sand, silt and clay, pH, organic carbon, available P, Mehlich-3 (M3) extractable P and dithionite extractable Fe (FeD). Desorption of phosphorus (release pattern) from different soils varied from 1.34 to 19.17 ppm. Phosphorus desorption was affected by the increased shaking time up to one hour. In almost all the studied soils, the highest desorbed P was extracted at one hour shaking time, beyond which there was again re-adsorption in most of the soils. Soil properties, particularly, pHKCl, ?pH, organic carbon and clay content were found to be important soil variables in determining phosphorus desorption in piedmont soils. The increase in ?pH and organic carbon increased P desorption, while an increase in clay and Fe tended to decrease in P desorption. Equations were proposed for predicting ?, ?, and K of famous Sharpleys equation and were tested for better prediction of P desorption in Piedmont soils of Bangladesh. Sharpleys equations for Piedmont soils resulted in a strong relationship (R2 = 0.86) between measured and predicted P desorption. The equations recommended by Sharpley to predict values for ?, ? and K has provided a good prediction of P desorption for our Piedmont rice soils.
Effect of Crop Establishment Method and Time of Nitrogen Application on the Productivity of Boro Rice in Highland Ecosystem
Authors: Kabir MH , Bhuiya MSU , E-Elahi Nur , Rashid MH
Published: March 2016

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of crop establishment methods and time of nitrogen application in Boro rice at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) experimental farm, Gazipur during Boro season (2004-05). Five establishment methods viz; line sowing in zero tilled, broadcasting in zero tilled, line sowing in tilled, broadcasting in tilled wet soil and transplanting method and three times of nitrogen application viz; three splits of nitrogen application at 20, 40 and 85 DAS, four splits of nitrogen application at 20, 40, 60 and 85 DAS and leaf colour chart based nitrogen application methods were investigated. Line sowing in tilled wet soil gave the highest number of tiller m-2, panicles m-2, grains m-2, grain yield, straw yield, gross return, gross margin and less variable cost compared to other direct seeding and transplanting methods. In case of time of nitrogen application, four splits of nitrogen application gave the highest number of tiller m-2, panicles m-2, grains m-2, grain yield, straw yield, gross return, gross margin compared to other nitrogen application techniques.