bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Las capacidades institucionales en el marco de la descentralización fiscal de los gobiernos sub nacionales en Uruguay: un análisis de tres gobiernos frenteamplistas
Authors: Freigedo Pelaéz Martín
Published: May 2016

Este artículo analiza las capacidades institucionales en materia fiscal de tres gobiernos sub nacionales en Uruguay (Canelones, Rocha y Maldonado) desde el 2005 a la fecha, tratando de relevar sus fortalezas y debilidades a la hora de gestionar sus políticas fiscales. Para este cometido, se discute sobre cuatro factores que condicionan la capacidad institucional en el marco de la descentralización fiscal en Uruguay: estructura interna e innovación de la gestión, recursos humanos, relaciones intergubernamentales e intensidad democrática. Como resultado, se puede observar como el fortalecimiento de ciertos factores ha incidido en un mejor comportamiento en la política fiscal de los casos analizados, aunque no todos los casos obtienen el mismo resultado. También se revela la importancia de la interacción de los diversos factores sobre los avances en las capacidades institucionales.
Restricciones en la gestión de recursos humanos en las organizaciones públicas
Authors: Cormick Hugo
Published: May 2016

La gestión de los recursos humanos en las administraciones públicas está atravesada por el debate respecto de la “interferencia” de la política en las diversas etapas de su despliegue, considerada como un obstáculo para un racional desempeño organizacional. Ante esta interferencia se propicia la aplicación de criterios técnicos para el logro de los objetivos de las organizaciones públicas. Sin embargo, la crítica suele ignorar la presencia de la dimensión presupuestaria en la toma de decisiones sobre esta gestión. Estas tres dimensiones: técnica, política y presupuestaria operan como restricciones que configuran la real gestión de recursos humanos en el ámbito público, por lo que se propone una mirada que dé cuenta de este entrecruzamiento sin caer en un discurso unilateralmente prescriptivo.
Política exterior y política de defensa en Argentina: dos caras de la misma moneda
Authors: Eissa Sergio Gabriel
Published: May 2016

En este artículo sostenemos que la política exterior y la política de defensa se encuentran interrelacionadas. Por lo tanto, los lineamientos de la primera deberían reflejarse en la segunda. Asimismo, argumentamos que la política de defensa puede ser dividida analíticamente en tres dimensiones, es decir, política militar, política internacional de la defensa y política de defensa en sentido estricto o bien en términos estratégicos; este vínculo debería también reflejarse en esta última dimensión. En suma, se analizan así los lineamientos de la política exterior, particularmente la supresión de las hipótesis de conflicto con los países de la región, son observables en la dimensión estratégica, más precisamente,en la metodología de planeamiento por capacidades adoptada por el Ministerio de Defensa.
Entre los “límites” y las alternativas de “otro” desarrollo: el problema de las necesidades básicas. Un ejercicio genealógico.
Authors: Grondona Ana Lucía
Published: May 2016

El artículo presenta un estudio genealógico del diagnóstico sobre las “necesidades básicas”. Partiendo de reformulaciones recientes, desde la perspectiva de la historia del presente y del análisis materialista del discurso, se analizan diversos dominios de memoria en los que ese diagnóstico adquirió sus sentidos. Luego de revisar el contexto de “emergencia” del problema de las necesidades básicas insatisfechas a comienzos de la década del ochenta en la Argentina, el artículo revisa memorias discursivas previas inscriptas en el debate sobre los “límites del desarrollo” y las propuestas de “otro desarrollo” entre 1970 y 1983. A partir de ello, se vuelve observable el aspecto polisémico y polémico del diagnóstico en cuestión, usualmente desatendido en las revisiones críticas de la historia del concepto. En este recorrido, se exponen documentos relevantes para la conformación de los saberes expertos de la pobreza en América Latina, generalmente ausentes en los estudios especializados (vgr Modelo Latinoamericano). Estos documentos nos permiten cuestionar los análisis que asumen que la problematización alrededor de las “necesidades básicas” fue importada desde el centro hacia la periferia o desde los organismos internacionales hacia los países dependientes.
Políticas y Desempeño del Sector Lechero Argentino entre 2003 y 2011
Authors: Alasino Carlos María , Arana Horacio Miguel
Published: May 2016

Los ajustes e intervenciones del Estado en el sector lácteo argentino han tenido en los últimos años diferentes signos, con sentidos y direcciones contradictorios.Durante la década de 1980 se apeló a la Comisión de Concertación de Políticas Lecheras y al Fondo de Promoción a la Actividad Lechera. La desregulación de los años noventa desarticuló ambos mecanismos y en este siglo se asistió nuevamente a una política sectorial de mayor intervención. El trabajo se concentra en este último período describiendo en primer lugar las medidas de política instrumentadas distinguiendo entre aquellas que apuntan al descalce de precios internos e internacionales y las que intentan corregir los nuevos problemas que aparecen. A continuación se evalúan los resultados obtenidos en materia de precios,producción, consumo y exportaciones. Una última sección resume las principales conclusiones.
Reflexiones sobre los hábitos alimentarios de beneficiarios de planes por transferencia de dinero en el Municipio de Berisso
Authors: Gonzalez Malena , Pasarin Lorena , Malpeli Agustina
Published: May 2016

En este artículo se describen algunos de los resultados de un proyecto de interdisciplinario de investigación/ intervención en población beneficiaria de planes sociales del Municipio de Berisso (Buenos Aires, Argentina). El objetivo del proyecto fue analizar qué sucede con la alimentación, en esta nueva modalidad de entrega de dinero, en la que los beneficiarios tienen la posibilidad de elegir su abastecimiento. Con este fin se llevó adelante un estudio prospectivo de corte trasversal, realizado en tres etapas (diagnóstico, intervención, impacto) con combinación y uso alternativo de técnicas cuantitativas y cualitativas. Se observó una mejora en los ingresos y un aporte significativo a la educación en salud alimentaria, pero la misma no se tradujo en una modificación de los alimentos consumidos, ni del estado nutricional de la población.
La Policía Metropolitana de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires como política pública: Estudio de caso (2007-2014)
Authors: Ianovsky Matías Manuel
Published: May 2016

El presente trabajo reconoce como objetivo proveerun análisis de la política pública que dispuso elfuncionamiento efectivo de una Policía Metropolitanapara la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. A tal objetose considerará un herramental conceptual propiode los estudios sobre políticas públicas. Como esquemade referencia general habrá de aplicarse elmodelo de la heurística por etapas.En la primera parte se despliega un marco teóricoque revisa, sumariamente, algunas nociones centralespara el estudio de las políticas públicas. En la segundaparte se procede a un desarrollo descriptivode la Policía Metropolitana (PM) en sus aspectosinstitucionales, legales y operativos. La tercera partepretende articular los conceptos esbozados en elmarco teórico con la información obtenida, proveyendoun análisis de corte interpretativo de la PMen tanto política pública.
Ecologia de saberes na prática: O trabalho da tradução no Fórum Social Mundial e na Universidade Popular dos Movimentos Sociais
Authors: MERLADET Fábio André Diniz , MIRANDA Isabella Gonçalves
Published: May 2016

O objetivo deste trabalho é comparar as estratégias de tradução adotadas para promover a ecologia de saberes no Fórum Social Mundial e na Universidade Popular dos Movimentos Sociais. Para tanto, procede-se a uma abordagem teórica dos conceitos de tradução e ecologia de saberes e, em seguida, apresenta-se o contexto de surgimento do Fórum Social Mundial, bem como as experiências de emergência, agregação e articulação dos movimentos sociais por ele possibilitadas. Analisa-se também os avanços e contribuições da Universidade Popular dos Movimentos Sociais para a construção de uma metodologia da tradução. Encerra-se o artigo com as divergências e convergências entre as duas experiências e com os campos em que poderiam colaborar e aprender reciprocamente.
Agroecologia: uma forma de promoção da saúde ao enfrentar a doença do agronegócio
Authors: FOLGADO Cleber
Published: May 2016

É possível que muitas pessoas já tenham ouvido o ditado popular de que “saúde entra pela boca”, porém, no dia a dia não é muito comum que as pessoas relacionem de imediato a palavra saúde à produção de alimentos e, consequentemente, ao seu consumo. Aliás, é comum, quando tratamos do tema “saúde”, pensar primeiro em doenças e problemas que devem ser resolvidos e não em questões que promovem a saúde.
Desenvolvimento da Vigilância Epidemiológica de Fronteira no contexto da Globalização: conceitos e marcos teóricos.
Authors: BRUNIERA-OLIVEIRA Robson , HORTA Marco Aurelio Pereira , BELO Vinícius Silva , CARMO Eduardo Hage , VERANI José Fernando de Souza
Published: May 2016

Objetivo. Apresentar e analisar as ações desenvolvidas para a implementação e desenvolvimento de Vigilância Epidemiológica de Fronteiras, nos Blocos Econômicos Multinacionais, particularmente na América do Sul e Brasil. Metodologia. Foi realizado um estudo de revisão narrativa incluindo artigos científicos, documentos técnicos, diretrizes, normas, manuais, pautas de reuniões ou qualquer outro documento que fosse relacionado ao desenvolvimento e implementação de ações e programas de Vigilância Epidemiológica em Fronteiras. O estudo foi baseado nos sites das instituições/organizações multinacionais e nas bases MedLine, PubMed, Scielo e Scopus. Resultados. Foram identificados a criação de órgãos e ações no intuito de implementar e desenvolver a vigilância epidemiológica de fronteiras para os seguintes blocos: União Europeia (Health Security Committee, European Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Sistema de alerta rápido e resposta, General Rapid Alert System e Rede de Monitoramento Ad Hoc); Tratado Norte-Americano de Livre Comércio (Border Infectious Disease Surveillance, “Projeto de Vigilância e Alerta Rápido de Doenças Infeciosas”) ; Mercado Comum do Sul ( Reunião de Ministros da Saúde do Mercosul, Subgrupo de Trabalho 11 Saúde e Subcomissão Controle Sanitário de Portos, Aeroportos, Terminais e Passos Fronteiriços Terrestres); e União de Nações Sul-Americanas. Conclusões. Os programas e politicas desenvolvidos até o momento refletem o reconhecimento da importância do assunto por parte dos Estados Membros da OMS. Uma maior integração, com troca de informações, incluindo fluxos, frameworks, planos de preparação e o fortalecimento de áreas estratégicas como de energia e transporte deve ser incentivada intra e inter blocos.
Do imaginário ao real: mitos e medos acerca do parto normal.
Authors: MIRANDA Denismar Borges de , MENDONÇA Juliana Reis de , VIEIRA Priscila da Matta Santos , MATÃO Maria Eliane Liégio
Published: May 2016

Objetivo: conhecer mitos e medos relacionados ao parto normal segundo primigestas ao término da gestação, e a confirmação ou não destes mitos e/ou medos durante o puerpério tardio. Método: trata-se de pesquisa descritiva com abordagem qualitativa utilizando a técnica de entrevista aberta em profundidade e aplicação de questionários em dois momentos distintos: inicialmente na condição de gestante e posteriormente como puérperas. Os dados foram levantados em uma maternidade pública na cidade de Goiânia após aprovação do comitê de ética em pesquisa (0004.0.168.000-08); análise de conteúdo foi estabelecida para identificação das categorias temáticas. Resultados: emergiram três categorias: A chegada de um bebê, O verdadeiro significado do parto normal e Mitos e medos que permeiam o nascimento. Conclusão: a dor foi identificada como principal fator cultural que interfere na escolha pelo tipo de parto em primigestas. E o parto normal esteve associado à desmistificação acerca do nascimento pelas puérperas.
Serology can help in the early diagnosis of leprosy in monitoring household contacts
Authors: CAETANO Gabriela Tayrine , MOREIRA Ludmila , FOREMAN Charles Scott , SAMPAIO Lucas Henrique
Published: May 2016

Phenolic glycolipid antibody (PGL-I) is considered a relevant marker of leprosy. However anti PGL-I test is not been widely implemented in field situations. In this work we performed a study of examining the anti-PGL-I to HHC recruited in Anápolis, Brazil, endemic city for leprosy. They were performed three evaluations during this follow up. During this study a proportion of incident cases significantly higher (p<0.005) was detected among PGL-I positive contacts (13/108). PGL-I positive contacts presented a 6.5-fold higher risk for leprosy compared with PGL-I negative contacts. This work has shown that the majority HHC that became ill presented anti PGL-I positive before the first signs of leprosy. After this study, we uphold that home visits to find new patients among HHC and the realization of PGL-I test can be a great step to control leprosy as a public health problem in endemic locals. Key words: PGL-I; Hansen's disease; HHC.
Planejamento de Recursos Humanos de Radioterapia em Hospitais do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS).
Authors: Maia Edward Torres , Almeida Angela Maria De Oliveira , Martins Sandro José , Martins Wagner De Jesus , Maia Gabriel Veloso , Filho Moizés Ferreira Borba
Published: May 2016

A proposta deste estudo era averiguar se as áreas de recursos humanos de hospitais do Sistema Único de Saúde, que ofertam serviços de radioterapia à população, planejam o desenvolvimento de suas equipes de radioterapia. A metodologia aplicada neste estudo foi norteada pela seleção de cinco hospitais, considerando o critério de hospitais de médio porte que ofertam serviços de radioterapia e que serão contemplados com o recebimento de novos equipamentos por meio do Plano de Expansão de Radioterapia do SUS pelo Ministério da Saúde, além da aplicação de entrevista por meio de roteiro semiestruturado de perguntas direcionadas a 23 profissionais de radioterapia e a cinco responsáveis de recursos humanos, com posterior análise de discurso. O resultado obtido foi que nenhum dos hospitais visitados realizada um planejamento de desenvolvimento de seus profissionais. Há falhas no planejamento de tais profissionais aliados a desafios a serem superados. Situações que podem refletir um impacto generalizado em hospitais de radioterapia do SUS, um caminho que deve ser analisado para elevar a qualidade de serviços à população.
Study of correlation and path coefficient analysis in germplasm lines of Indian mustard (Brasica juncea L.)
Authors: Kumar*1 Rajeev , Gaurav S.S. , Jayasudha1 S. , Kumar2 Hitesh
Published: May 2016

An investigation was undertaken to study the correlation and path coefficient analysis of twelve quantitative traits in 30 Indian mustard (Brassica Juncea L.) germplasm lines. The experimental material was evaluated in a randomized block design with three replications. Correlation study revealed that harvest index and total biological yield per plant exerted high significant positive correlation coefficients with seed yield at both genotypic and phenotypic level. Seed yield is negatively correlated with days to 50 % flowering and days to maturity which promotes early flowering and early maturing genotypes. Path analysis revealed that harvest index showed maximum positive direct effect, followed by total biological yield per plant, days to maturity, siliquae length at the time of maturity and seed yield per plant at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Based on result it has been concluded that two traits namely harvest index and total biological yield per plant exerted high correlation as well as direct influence on seed yield may be considered for selection and to improve the seed yield of the mustard genotypes.
Effect of weed management practices on Sugarcane ratoon
Authors: Begum* Mahima , Bordoloi Bijnan Chandra
Published: May 2016

A field experiment was conducted during the three consecutive seasons from 2006-08 on clay loam soil of Sugarcane Research Station, Buralikson, Assam to study the effect of different herbicides along with other cultural practices of weed management of sugarcane. The experimental field was laid out in randomized block design with three replication with the following ten treatments viz. T1: control, T2: 3 hoeings (1st , 4th and 7th week), T3: Atrazine@ 2kg a.i/ha + 2,4-D @ 1kg a.i/ha at 45 days after ratoon initiation, T4: atrazine @ 2 kg a.i/ha + 1 hoeing at 45 days after ratoon initiation, T5: metribuzine @1 kg a.i/ha + 2,4-D @1 kg a.i/ha at 45 days after ratoon initiation, T6: metribuzine @1 kg a.i/ha + 1 hoeing at 45 days after ratoon initiation , T7: glycel-41@ 0.4 kg a.i/ha at 3rd week stage, T8: glycel-41@ 0.4 kg a.i/ha at 3rd week + 1 hoeing at 60 days after ratoon initiation, T9: trash mulching in alternate rows + hoeing during 1st and 6th week, T10: trash mulching in all rows. Result revealed that all the weed management practices had a significant effect on growth and yield of sugarcane over control. Out of all treatments, pre-emergence spraying of metribuzine @1 kg a.i/ha followed by spraying of 2, 4-D @1 kg a.i/ha at 45 days after ratoon initiation recorded lesser number of weeds and weed dry weight with higher weed control efficiency (80.38%). The same treatment also recorded the higher cane yield (79.6 t/ha) which is followed by pre-emergence spraying of metribuzine @ 1 kg a.i/ha with 1 hoeing at 45 days after ratoon initiation.
08. Recognition and the ideology of merit
Authors: Elmgren Heidi
Published: May 2016

This paper discusses pathological forms that the ideal of merit takes in ideological uses of meritocratic ideas. According to the French philosopher Dominique Girardot (2011) the possibility of our genuinely recognizing one another is impaired by the ideology of merit: this new ideology standardizes recognition and forces competition, thus creating hierarchies and what Axel Honneth calls social pathologies. The ideology also threatens the category of action in Hannah Arendt’s (1958) sense. The paper elucidates Girardot’s stance and sketches a comparison between Honneth’s and Girardot’s views on recognition. Despite the explicit connection to Honneth’s theory, Girardot actually creates an Arendtian theory of recognition. It is against the background of that theory that the pathological forms of contemporary meritocracy best come to light.
01. Conceptualizing Causes for Lack of Recognition: Capacities, Costs and Understanding
Authors: Ikäheimo Heikki
Published: May 2016

This paper asks why it is the case that people so often fail to give others recognition, or at least adequate recognition. There are several candidates for an explanation. First, it may be that recognition—the giving or receiving of it or both—requires capacities or skills that are not always available. Secondly, it may be that recognition, even though it is (all things considered) good, involves costs, which leads to a reluctance on the part of the participants in the recognition relation. Thirdly and relatedly, even if recognition would be objectively good for the individuals or groups involved, fathoming this, or being able to experience its goodness, especially against experienced costs that it may incur, may nevertheless require intellectual capacities or understanding that individuals do not necessarily possess. The paper explores these different answers against the broadly Hegelian framework of recognition and ‘concrete freedom’ Ikäheimo has defended elsewhere.
Optimization of photocatalytic degradation of real textile dye house wastewater by response surface methodology
Authors: Hosseini Sayed Mohammad Bagher , Fallah Narges , Royaee Sayed Javid
Published: May 2016

This study evaluates the advanced oxidation process for decolorization of real textile dyeing wastewater containing azo and disperse dye by TiO2 and UV radiation. Among effective parameters on the photocatalytic process, effects of three operational parameters (TiO2 concentration, initial pH and aeration flow rate) were examined with response surface methodology. The F-value (136.75) and p-value <0.0001 imply that the model is significant. The ‘Pred R-Squared’ of 0.95 is in reasonable agreement with the ‘Adj R-Squared’ of 0.98, which confirms the adaptability of this model. From the quadratic models developed for degradation and subsequent analysis of variance (ANOVA) test using Design Expert software, the concentration of catalyst was found to be the most influential factor, while all the other factors were also significant. To achieve maximum dye removal, optimum conditions were found at TiO2 concentration of 3 g L−1, initial pH of 7 and aeration flow rate of 1.50 L min−1. Under the conditions stated, the percentages of dye and chemical oxygen demand removal were 98.50% and 91.50%, respectively. Furthermore, the mineralization test showed that total organic compounds removal was 91.50% during optimum conditions.
The Role of Proanthocyanidins Complex in Structure and Nutrition Interaction in Alfalfa Forage
Authors: Jonker Arjan , Yu Peiqiang
Published: May 2016

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is one of the main forages grown in the world. Alfalfa is a winter hardy, drought tolerant, N-fixing legume with a good longevity, high yield, high nutrient levels, high digestibility, unique structural to non-structural components ratio, high dry matter intake, and high animal productivity per hectare. However, its main limitation is its excessively rapid initial rate of protein degradation in the rumen, which results in pasture bloat and inefficient use of protein with consequent excessive excretions of nitrogen into the environment. Proanthocyanidins are secondary plant metabolites that can bind with protein and thereby reduce the rate and extent of ruminal protein degradation. However, these secondary metabolites do not accumulate in alfalfa. This review aims to firstly describe the events involved in the rapid release of protein from alfalfa and its effect on ruminant nutrition, environmental pollution, and pasture bloat; secondly, to describe occurrence, structure, functions and benefits of moderate amounts of proanthocyanidin; and finally, to describe the development of alfalfa which accumulates moderate amounts of proanthocyanidins. The emphasis of this review focuses on the role of proanthocyanidins compounds in structure and nutrition interaction in ruminant livestock systems.
Le capital social révolutionnaire
Authors: Baczko Adam , Dorronsoro Gilles , Quesnay Arthur
Published: May 2016

Les auteurs montrent – dans le contexte de la guerre civile syrienne – comment l’appartenance à des groupes de manifestants contre le régime constitue un capital social autonome à la fois du capital social antérieur et des autres formes de capital, notamment économique et culturel. Il montre ainsi comment un événement permet la formation de capital. Le capital social n’apparaît pas comme un simple démultiplicateur des capitaux économiques et culturels existants, mais possède sa propre logique de formation et d’accumulation. Dans une phase ultérieure, ce capital social se convertit en positions au sein des institutions révolutionnaires, qui apparaissent alors comme du capital social objectivé. Les dotations initiales en capitaux redeviennent alors déterminantes pour comprendre la probabilité d’accès à différentes positions.
Investissements directs étrangers et capacité d’absorption nationale : les leviers de croissance des économies du Maghreb
Authors: Ben Slimane Sonia , Zouikri Messaoud
Published: May 2016

S’inscrivant dans une logique macro-économique de rattrapage technologique, l’objectif de cet article est d’explorer la relation entre croissance économique, éducation, exportations et Investissement Direct Etranger (IDE) dans trois pays maghrébins. En utilisant des techniques paramétriques et non paramétriques descriptives, nous mettons en évidence un certain nombre de liens de corrélation entre les variables étudiées. Un lien positif et significatif entre croissance et IDE est observé uniquement pour l’Algérie. Une faible relation entre capacité d’absorption et IDE caractérise les trois économies maghrébines. En revanche, il existe une corrélation positive entre exportations et IDE pour les trois pays ; sa dynamique ne demeurant cependant significative sur le moyen terme que pour l’Algérie et la Tunisie. Classification JEL  : O11, O47, C18
Les obstacles au processus d’innovation. Etude empirique basée sur un échantillon d’entreprises pharmaceutiques algériennes
Authors: Sedkaoui Soraya
Published: May 2016

L’innovation est devenue une préoccupation majeure et une condition préalable pour la compétitivité des entreprises dans les pays développés. Le présent article vise à identifier les facteurs qui empêchent l’émergence de cette activité dans le cadre d’une économie en voie de développement. Pour ce faire, une enquête propre a été menée sur la population des entreprises pharmaceutiques en Algérie. Un échantillon de 42 entreprises qui exercent leurs activités dans l’industrie pharmaceutique algérienne a été analysé en vue d’identifier les obstacles pouvant entraver le développement des activités d’innovation au sein de ces entreprises. Les résultats obtenus nous ont permis de constater que l’accès au financement et l’absence du personnel qualifié sont les principaux facteurs internes entravant l’activité d’innovation. L’absence d’un environnement favorable aux activités d’innovation, y compris les aides et subventions publiques représente l’entrave externe majeure à l’émergence endogène de ces activités au sein des entreprises. Classification JEL : O31, O32, O38, D21, C12.
Capital social, connaissances et identification d’opportunités entrepreneuriales dans un processus d’internationalisation : cas de la Tunisie
Authors: Mejri Issam , Ramadan Maarouf
Published: May 2016

Dans un contexte d’économie mondialisée, l’internationalisation des entreprises est devenue une stratégie incontournable de croissance voire de survie pour un nombre grandissant des petites et moyennes entreprises (PME). L’objectif étant d’assurer leur pérennité, quel que soit leur secteur d’activité. L’ouverture des marchés vers l’extérieur contraint ces entreprises à maintenir leur compétitivité aussi bien sur un plan national que sur un plan international face aux entreprises étrangères. Dans ce contexte, s’appuyer sur des relations personnelles et d’affaires est devenu essentiel pour qu’une entreprise réussisse sa stratégie de développement et de croissance. La présente étude vise à contribuer à la compréhension des facteurs influençant l’identification des opportunités à l’international d’une part et à la compréhension de l’entrepreneuriat international dans les économies en voie de développement d’autre part. À partir d’une étude exploratoire de 15 PME tunisiennes du secteur des technologies de l’information et de communication (TIC), nous essaierons de comprendre comment le capital social et les connaissances de l’entrepreneur influencent l’identification des opportunités internationales. Nous proposons en conclusion nos propres réflexions sur les stratégies d’internationalisation qui pourront être développées par les PME technologiques tunisiennes. Nous en tirons comme leçons des possibilités de fertilisations croisées entre l’identification de l’opportunité et l’entrepreneuriat international pour assurer le développement des entreprises tunisiennes. Classification JEL  : M10, M16
La mort in vivo et le vivant postmortem
Authors: Corteel Mathieu
Published: May 2016

Le dualisme de l’âme et du corps, hérité de la tradition mécaniste, occulte notre compréhension de la mort. La mort est vue comme une fragilité du corps. Ce n’est pas à cause de l’âme que l’on meurt – elle survit par principe au-delà du corps. Le problème, c’est le support. Ce présupposé métaphysique se retrouve aujourd’hui masqué dans le critère de la mort cérébrale. Ce dernier établit la mort comme état d’anoxie. La perte des facultés mentales est ce qui caractérise la mort, alors que le corps, lui, continue à vivre. Le processus de la mort est réduit à un état car, de toute évidence, ce qui importe est la conscience. Cet avatar de l’âme est ce qui caractérise la vie en l’homme. Par la perte de cette faculté nous mourrons aux yeux de l’humanité. Il faut donc à tout prix préserver la conscience en la réparant, voir même en la changeant de support. Contre ce présupposé métaphysique, je propose d’appréhender la mort non comme un état mais comme un processus déjà à l’œuvre dans le vivant. L’événement de la mort n’est pas réductible à son effectuation dans l’interruption de la conscience. Son processus l’excède. Il y a de la mort dans le vivant et du vivant dans la mort.
Schéma théorique et programme de recherches
Authors: Micklitz Hans-Wolfgang
Published: May 2016

Les recherches sur la dimension externe du droit privé européen n’en sont encore qu’à leurs balbutiements. Il est toutefois possible de centrer le débat autour de quatre observations majeures qui structurent le droit privé européen et qui mettent en évidence un glissement : (1) (des) règles de droit et (vers la) pratique du droit ; (2) (de la) création normative formelle et (vers la) gouvernance européenne ; (3) (du) droit substantiel et (vers le) droit processuel ; (4) (du) droit privé et (vers le) droit commercial. Il faudra démontrer que le « de... vers » correspond en grande partie à la distinction entre le droit privé traditionnel et le droit privé réglementaire. Cet article a pour objectif de proposer un projet de recherches plutôt que de soumettre des solutions.
Do Well-Balanced Primary TKA Patients Achieve Better Outcomes Within the First Year After Surgery?
Authors: Lampe Frank , Marques Carlos J. , Fiedler Franziska , Sufi-Siavach Anusch , Matziolis Georg
Published: May 2016

Some surgically modifiable factors are related to soft tissue balance. With computer-assisted surgery, it is possible to access these variables quantitatively. The aim of this analysis was to study the influence of gap balance on clinical outcomes within the first year after computer-navigated total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Based on navigation data, 3 independent variables reflecting gap balance were used to split the patients in 2 groups. The Knee Society Scores (Function [KSS-F] and Knee [KSS-K]) and the maximal knee flexion (MKF) measured preoperatively and at 3, 6 and 12 months were compared using analyses of variance (2×4 design) for repeated measures. Higher flexion-extension gap equality led to statistically higher KSS-F and KSS-K scores at 1 year (
P
=.02). Higher medial-lateral flexion gap equality led to superior mean MKF at all measurement points; however the differences were statistically only significant at 3 months (
P
=.01). The coefficients of variation of the variables used to select the patients were overall very low. With computer-assisted navigation, it is possible to access quantitatively the size of the medial and lateral flexion and extension gaps. Higher flexion-extension gap equality values led to statistically significant better KSS-F and KSS-K scores at 1 year. Higher medial-lateral flexion gap equality values led to better MKF values; however the differences were only statistically significant at 3 months. [
Orthopedics
. 2016; 39(3):S6–S12.]
Navigated TKA After Osteotomy Versus Primary Navigated TKA: A Matched-Pair Analysis
Authors: Fröhlich Vanessa , Johandl Sabrina , De Zwart Peter , Stöckle Ulrich , Ochs Björn Gunnar
Published: May 2016

This article presents clinical and radiological outcome analysis of navigated total knee arthroplasty (TKA) following osteotomy compared with primary navigated TKA implantation. The study group (29 legs) received navigated TKA (Columbus with deep-dish, cruciate-retaining inlay, Aesculap AG, Tuttlingen, Germany) following distal femoral (6 legs) or high tibial (23 legs) osteotomy, and the control group (29 legs) received a primary navigated TKA. All patients were examined clinically and radiologically in a retrospective matched-pair analysis. Both groups showed comparable clinical scores (Oxford Knee Score, Tegner and Lysholm scores, and Knee Society Score). Radiological evaluations offered no relevant differences. The study group showed a significant mediolateral ligamentous instability (3 legs ≤5°, 1 leg 6°–9°, 25 legs ≥10° mediolateral deviation) compared with the control group (14 legs ≤5°, 9 legs 6°–9°, 6 legs >10°;
P
<.001). Significantly higher mediolateral ligamentous instability was seen in otherwise comparable clinical and radiological results in patients with navigated TKA implantation following osteotomy, compared with primary TKA. [
Orthopedics
; 2016. 39(3):S77–S82.]
Simple Moving Average: A Method of Reporting Evolving Complication Rates
Authors: Harmsen Samuel M. , Chang Yu-Hui H. , Hattrup Steven J.
Published: May 2016

Surgeons often cite published complication rates when discussing surgery with patients. However, these rates may not truly represent current results or an individual surgeon's experience with a given procedure. This study proposes a novel method to more accurately report current complication trends that may better represent the patient's potential experience: simple moving average. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) is an increasingly popular and rapidly evolving procedure with highly variable reported complication rates. The authors used an RSA model to test and evaluate the usefulness of simple moving average. This study reviewed 297 consecutive RSA procedures performed by a single surgeon and noted complications in 50 patients (16.8%). Simple moving average for total complications as well as minor, major, acute, and chronic complications was then calculated using various lag intervals. These findings showed trends toward fewer total, major, and chronic complications over time, and these trends were represented best with a lag of 75 patients. Average follow-up within this lag was 26.2 months. Rates for total complications decreased from 17.3% to 8% at the most recent simple moving average. The authors' traditional complication rate with RSA (16.8%) is consistent with reported rates. However, the use of simple moving average shows that this complication rate decreased over time, with current trends (8%) markedly lower, giving the senior author a more accurate picture of his evolving complication trends with RSA. Compared with traditional methods, simple moving average can be used to better reflect current trends in complication rates associated with a surgical procedure and may better represent the patient's potential experience. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(5):e869–e876.]
Complications of Distal Radius Fractures Treated by Volar Locking Plate Fixation
Authors: Satake Hiroshi , Hanaka Naomi , Honma Ryusuke , Watanabe Tadayoshi , Inoue Shigeru , Kanauchi Yumiko , Kato Yoshihiro , Nakajima Taku , Sato Daisuke , Eto Jun , Maruyama Masahiro , Naganuma Yasushi , Sasaki Junya , Toyono Shuji , Harada Mikio , Ishigaki Daisuke , Takahara Masatoshi , Takagi Michiaki
Published: May 2016

The current study investigated the incidence of complications after surgery for distal radial fractures. This multicenter retrospective study was conducted at 11 institutions. A total of 824 patients who had distal radius fractures that were treated surgically between January 2010 and August 2012 were identified. The study patients were older than 18 years and were observed for at least 12 weeks after surgery for distal radius fractures with a volar locking plate. Sex, age, fracture type according to AO classification, implants, wrist range of motion, grip strength, fracture consolidation rate, and complications were studied. Analysis included 694 patients, including 529 women and 165 men, with a mean age of 64 years. The mean follow-up period was 27 weeks. The fracture consolidation rate was 100%. There were 52 complications (7.5%), including 18 cases of carpal tunnel syndrome, 12 cases of peripheral nerve palsy, 8 cases of trigger digit, 4 cases of tendon rupture (none of the flexor pollicis longus), and 10 others. There was no rupture of the flexor pollicis longus tendon because careful attention was paid to the relationship between the implant and the tendon. Peripheral nerve palsy may have been caused by intraoperative traction in 7 cases, temporary fixation by percutaneous Kirschner wires in 3 cases, and axillary nerve block in 1 case; 1 case appeared to be idiopathic. Tendon ruptures were mainly caused by mechanical stress. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(5):e893–e896.]
Virtual Laboratories Development Using 3D Environments
Authors: Oliveira Toni Amorim , Marranghello Norian , Silva Alexandre César Rodrigues , Pereira Aledir Silveira
Published: May 2016

3D virtual worlds or metaverses are immersion environments that allow the simulation of some real environment characteristics such as sound and gravity. In this chapter we describe the development of a 3D virtual environment as well as its integration with Moodle platform using Sloodle plugin. We discuss related works dedicated to the development of virtual laboratories. We also describe the main software used and how to perform the settings required for the operation of the environment. To introduce the developed software utilization we present a laboratory built for teaching subjects based on multiple intelligences theory defined by Gardner.
3D Virtual Learning Environments
Authors: Cinto Tiago , Leite Harlei Miguel de Arruda , Carvalho Sarah Negreiros , Peixoto Cecilia Sosa Arias , Arantes Dalton Soares
Published: May 2016

Heated debates involving reforms in the educational system are becoming more and more frequent in recent years, mostly due to the increasingly evident shortcomings in the educational system and its difficulties to evolve at the same pace as technological development. Since nowadays people spend much of their time interacting directly or indirectly with technological devices, one can think of using this involvement with educational purposes. Through this interaction people have easy and inexpensive access to a vast amount of information. In this sense, one can think of methodologies to improve education by focusing on the foundations of knowledge rather than the emphasis on the memorization of contents. Therefore, the aim of this work is to propose and validate an interactive content authoring system as well as a virtual classroom where lessons are taught by avatars in an attempt to make learning experience richer and more motivating to students.
Training Infrastructure to Participate in Real Life Institutions
Authors: Almajano Pablo , Lopez-Sanchez Maite , Rodriguez Inmaculada , Puig Anna , Llorente Maria Salamó , Ribera Mireia
Published: May 2016

This chapter presents an example of a virtual training scenario that allows trainees to learn the rules of real human institutions before joining them, that is, before having to cope with the consequences of their binding actions in real (serious) settings. The development of the training scenario is based on a combination of Electronic Institutions technology with 3D Virtual Worlds, and is enhanced with tutoring agents that provide assistance services along the training process. The theoretical benefits that result from this approach are demonstrated through an authentic scenario that represents a market (i.e., an institution) devoted to trading water rights. This scenario has been tested with real users, and thus, its benefits have been empirically assessed.
Effects of Studying Tasks Compatibility with Tablets on Their Acceptance
Authors: Amadieu Franck , Pecoste Charly , Mariné Claudette , van de Leemput Cécile , Lescarret Colin
Published: May 2016

This chapter addresses the issue of tablets acceptance for studying. An experiment was carried out to test the effects of specific studying tasks experienced by students with no previous experiences with tablets on the perceived usability and usefulness of tablets. Students had to perform a high-compatible task (i.e. navigation/reading task) and a low-compatible task (i.e. writing task) for tablets. Subjective measures of usability, usefulness and use intention were designed to be more specific to the type of task than the classical measures used in the Technology Acceptance Model approach (Davis, 1989). Participants rated their answers before and after performing the tasks with a tablet. The results showed that the perceived usability and usefulness of tablets increased after the high-compatible task while their decreased with the low-compatible task. The findings stressed the need to consider the real user experience and to use more task-oriented measures to investigate the acceptance of mobile devices for studying.
City Group Optimization
Authors: Yang Yijun , Duan Haibin
Published: May 2016

City group refers to a collection of cities. Through the development and growth, and these cities form a chain of metropolitan areas. In a city group, cities are divided into central cities and subordinate cities. Generally, central cities have greater chances to develop. However, subordinate cities may not have great chances to develop unless they are adjacent to central cities. Thus, a city is more likely to develop well if it is near a central city. In the process, the spatial distribution of cities changes all the time. Urbanologists call the above phenomena as the evolution of city groups. In this paper, the city group optimization algorithm is presented, which is based on urbanology and mimics the evolution of city groups. The robustness and evolutionary process of the proposed city group optimization algorithm are validated by testing it on 15 benchmark functions. The comparative results show that the proposed algorithm is effective for solving complexly continuous problems due to a stronger ability to escape from local optima.
A PSO Based Approach for Producing Optimized Latent Factor in Special Reference to Big Data
Authors: Singh Bharat , Vyas Om Prakash
Published: May 2016

Now a day's application deal with Big Data has tremendously been used in the popular areas. To tackle with such kind of data various approaches have been developed by researchers in the last few decades. A recent investigated techniques to factored the data matrix through a known latent factor in a lower size space is the so called matrix factorization. In addition, one of the problems with the NMF approaches, its randomized valued could not provide absolute optimization in limited iteration, but having local optimization. Due to this, the authors have proposed a new approach that considers the initial values of the decomposition to tackle the issues of computationally expensive. They have devised an algorithm for initializing the values of the decomposed matrix based on the PSO. In this paper, the auhtors have intended a genetic algorithm based technique while incorporating the nonnegative matrix factorization. Through the experimental result, they will show the proposed method converse very fast in comparison to other low rank approximation like simple NMF multiplicative, and ACLS technique.
IMF Fiscal Surveillance during the Eurozone Crisis
Authors: Golubovskaja Lena
Published: May 2016

This study analyses the tone and information content of the IMF Article IV Staff Reports during the Eurozone crisis. Researchers create a tone measure denoted WARNING, based on the existing DICTION 7.1 Hardship dictionary. Researchers find that in the run-up to the current credit crises the warnings by the IMF were issued to Luxembourg, Malta, Portugal, and Slovenia. In contrast, the more severely hit countries were not warned by the tone of the IMF Article IV Staff Reports. Researchers also conclude that the IMF interactions were more effective with low-income countries and with other emerging economies than they were with advanced and large emerging economies. Individual countries Article IV Staff assessments for Ireland and Spain indicated the warnings by the IMF were only in the years when the countries were deeply in recession and it was too late to provide any policy guidance.
SEMCON
Authors: Kastrati Zenun , Imran Ali Shariq , Yildirim-Yayilgan Sule
Published: May 2016

This paper presents a novel concept enrichment objective metric combining contextual and semantic information of terms extracted from the domain documents. The proposed metric is called SEMCON which stands for semantic and contextual objective metric. It employs a hybrid learning approach utilizing functionalities from statistical and linguistic ontology learning techniques. The metric also introduced for the first time two statistical features that have shown to improve the overall score ranking of highly relevant terms for concept enrichment. Subjective and objective experiments are conducted in various domains. Experimental results (F1) from computer domain show that SEMCON achieved better performance in contrast to tf*idf, and LSA methods, with 12.2%, 21.8%, and 24.5% improvement over them respectively. Additionally, an investigation into how much each of contextual and semantic components contributes to the overall task of concept enrichment is conducted and the obtained results suggest that a balanced weight gives the best performance.
Bayes-ReCCE
Authors: Walshe Brian , Brennan Rob , O'Sullivan Declan
Published: May 2016

Linked Open Data consists of a large set of structured data knowledge bases which have been linked together, typically using equivalence statements. These equivalences usually take the form of owl:sameAs statements linking individuals, but links between classes are far less common. Often, the lack of linking between classes is because the relationships cannot be described as elementary one to one equivalences. Instead, complex correspondences referencing multiple entities in logical combinations are often necessary if we want to describe how the classes in one ontology are related to classes in a second ontology. In this paper the authors introduce a novel Bayesian Restriction Class Correspondence Estimation (Bayes-ReCCE) algorithm, an extensional approach to detecting complex correspondences between classes. Bayes-ReCCE operates by analysing features of matched individuals in the knowledge bases, and uses Bayesian inference to search for complex correspondences between the classes these individuals belong to. Bayes-ReCCE is designed to be capable of providing meaningful results even when only small amounts of matched instances are available. They demonstrate this capability empirically, showing that the complex correspondences generated by Bayes-ReCCE have a median F1 score of over 0.75 when compared against a gold standard set of complex correspondences between Linked Open Data knowledge bases covering the geographical and cinema domains. In addition, the authors discuss how metadata produced by Bayes-ReCCE can be included in the correspondences to encourage reuse by allowing users to make more informed decisions on the meaning of the relationship described in the correspondences.