bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Review of Text Mining Approaches for Predicting Human Behavior using Deep Learning Method
Authors: Md Tuhin Mia  , Mst Zannatun Ferdus  , Md Abdur Rakib Rahat  , Nishat Anjum  , Ummay Siddiqua  , Md Azad Hossain Raju
Published: February 2024

This article presents a systematic review of research on predicting human behavior through unstructured textual data, employing a comprehensive selection process illustrated in a flow diagram. The review categorizes 82 selected papers into three primary behavioral domains: emotional, social, and cognitive. Each paper undergoes meticulous examination, identifying objectives, algorithms, computational models, and applications. Natural language processing (NLP) emerges as a dominant text mining approach, utilized in over half of the literature, followed by data extraction, report arrangement, and clusterization. The study further employs VOSviewer to visualize the co-occurrence of the term "text mining," revealing prevalent associations and emphasizing the challenges in analyzing unstructured data efficiently. The article contributes to understanding the evolving landscape of behavior analysis through text mining, addressing the need for automated methods in evaluating individuals' attitudes, emotions, or performance.
Digital Leadership: Navigating the Future with Strategic Conviction
Authors: Al-Hadrawi Baqer Khudair , Reniati Reniati
Published: February 2024

This theoretical study delves into the concept of Digital Leadership, exploring its intricacies and relevance in navigating the future with strategic conviction. As organizations grapple with the rapidly evolving digital landscape, effective leadership becomes paramount. The abstract dissects the theoretical framework of Digital Leadership, unraveling its core components and their implications for organizational success. Emphasizing the fusion of technology acumen and strategic foresight, the study proposes a model for leaders to navigate the complexities of the digital era adeptly. Through an in-depth analysis, it elucidates the role of strategic conviction in shaping digital leadership, positing that visionary decision-making is crucial for capitalizing on emerging opportunities and mitigating challenges. By synthesizing established leadership theories with contemporary digital insights, this study contributes to a nuanced understanding of the theoretical foundations underpinning Digital Leadership, offering a roadmap for leaders to proactively steer their organizations toward sustainable success in an ever-evolving digital landscape.
Using City Directories to Teach History and Historical Research Methods
Authors: Rayfield Jo Ann
Published: February 2024

It is often hard for students to get a feel for the explosiveness of growth and change in American cities in the nineteenth century. City directories are a rich and readily accessible source of data that may be used to concretize this experience and to test generalizations about residential and occupational mobility in the nineteenth century. This essay explains the nature and availability of city directories and suggests ways teachers may use them to allow students to test and verify for themselves the content being taught in history courses and to learn basic methods of historical research and use of primary sources. Reference is made in the text and footnotes to monographs and articles that employ methods similar to those presented in each model exercise.
The city directory was, and still is, intended primarily for business uses. It was created in a time in which messengers took communications from one place to another and it served many of the purposes of a modern telephone directory in providing addresses. Since people and businesses moved frequently it was necessary to issue an updated directory each year. The directory was also an "advertisement" to attract new businesses or residents. Before the Civil War directories were often an ancillary enterprise undertaken by a printer or a newspaper editor who hired persons to canvass the city and collect information on residents.
After the Civil War the production of city directories became commercialized and standardized. Some companies produced directories for numerous cities, and even cities in several states. In 1898 directory publishers established a national organization. The officers in 1901 included R. L. Polk and Rueben H. Donnelly. The R. L. Polk, still produces city directories.
Using Primary Source Materials
Authors: Carlson Helen , Otwell Maureen
Published: February 2024

How do students learn history? How can teachers ensure attention to the details of the past, develop historical investigation skills, and stimulate a creative response to historical materials? It is not an easy task. And complaints of failing to teach a common cultural context to all students are becoming louder and louder. Historians blame teachers for the lack of basic knowledge college students bring to their introductory classes. Educators complain that historians have failed to provide a compelling synthesis and a model for integrating social history scholarship into textbooks and course syllabi. In addition, teachers complain most college instructors have little understanding of the nature of teaching elementary and secondary students.
For several years the Education Department of the Minnesota Historical Society and the Elementary Education Program in the Department of Child and Family Development at the University of Minnesota, Duluth, have collaborated on a  class for teachers in which the study and teaching of history are given equal weight. The development of "historical mindedness" for teachers and students has been a primary goal of the collaboration. The characteristics of historical mindedness include: "a sensitivity to how other times and places differ from our own; awareness of basic continuities in human affairs over time; ability to note and explain significant changes; sensitivity to multiple causation; and an awareness that all written history is a reconstruction that inadequately reflects the past as it really happened." Out of this collaboration has evolved a model for teaching history curriculum development. The class uses primary sources as the basic textbook through which teachers both study a topic and write curriculum. The primary goals of the class are to help teachers develop "historical mindedness" and to use this understanding to create materials that help students at particular developmental stages to also become "historical minded." Within the framework of these overarching goals, which may not be realized for many years, there are many historical skills younger people can practice, historical concepts they can begin to understand, and historical topics they can investigate.
Gagnon, ed. Historical Literacy - The Case of History in American Education
Authors: Madaras Larry
Published: February 2024

In 1987 seventeen “outstanding” scholars and teachers formed the Bradley Commission on History in Schools to “explore the conditions that contribute to or impede, the effective teaching of history in American schools”. In addition, they formed the commission "to make recommendations on the curricular role of history,” and to "improve the teaching of history as the core of social studies in the schools.”
Historical Literacy: The Case for History in American Education contains the complete report of the commission and seventeen essays by leading historians and teachers about the major issues surrounding the teaching of history. The essays center around five themes: “Curriculum Reform,” “The Changing Role of History in Schools,” “History and Liberal Education,” “Old and New Patterns of History,” and “Towards Better History in Schools.”
Conkin & Stromberg, Heritage and Challenge - the History and Theory of History. Himmelfarb, the New History and the Old
Authors: Pennington Loren
Published: February 2024

Heritage and Challenge, first published in 1971 and now revised, is intended for use as a textbook and is really two books in one. The first half, by Stromberg, is a history of history, while the second half, by Conkin, is an examination of the philosophy of history; only the chapter on "Recent Trends" and the brief epilogue are collaborative efforts.
Stromberg's six chapters on historians from ancient times to about 1960 are an analytical critique rather than a mere summary. His basic argument is that modem historical consciousness, which he defines as the ability to understand change, did not begin to emerge until the Enlightenment, and reached its full flower only in the nineteenth century-the "Golden Age" of history.
Pennington, Europe in the Seventeeth Centuty
Authors: Lindsay Robert
Published: February 2024

It has been two decades since the first edition (1970) of the highly acclaimed Seventeenth-Century Europe appeared in the "General History of Europe" series. D. H. Pennington, now Emeritus Fellow of Balliol College, Oxford, has produced an expanded, extensively rewritten, revised edition. The author offers new information on aspects of seventeenth-century social history, neglected topics in 1970, but does not succumb to the trendy issues of social history. The book retains the topical and narrative flavor of the earlier work. One example of the revision is dividing the original chapter on "The Thirty Years War and The Habsburg Empire" into two new chapters, "The Thirty Years War” and "Germany and the Habsburg Empire." The bibliographies that originally appeared at the beginning of each chapter are updated and placed in a separate bibliography. Redesigned maps, more appropriately located, enhance the overall quality of this new edition.
Roberts, Europe 1880-1945
Authors: Van Hartesveldt Fred
Published: February 2024

J.M. Roberts has written a traditional history, the sort of history for which Jacques Barzun pleads with wit and eloquence in Clio and the Doctors (Chicago, 1974). Europe 1880-1945 is a narrative built on a chronological frame with the author's comments and analysis included as digressions. As Barzun says the historian should, Roberts has eschewed graphs and tables and charts, preferring to use words to explain even economic trends. Though the methodology might be thought, by some, old fashioned, the book is filled with not only facts but also astute comments about what those facts meant for the development of European society.
Although it is unlikely that author and publisher predicted the recent revolutionary events in Eastern Europe, their timing for the issuing of this book could hardly have been better. Confusion about these changes is widespread, and Roberts-who seems to have a taste for diplomatic history--provides a good foundation for understanding not only the regional problems with the Soviet system but also the ethnic problems that have produced violence in a number of places. He is able to give due attention to the Great Powers before, during, and between the World Wars without allowing the Lithuanias and Bulgarias (or for that matter, the Sanjak of Novi Bazar) to get lost. This volume is certainly appropriate for anyone who wants to understand the current situation in Europe.
Cust & Hughes, Conflict in Early Stuart England - Studies in Religion And Politics 1600-1642. Lockyer, The Early Stuarts - A Political History of England 1603-1642
Authors: McAllister Charlie
Published: February 2024

On January 30, 1649, the diminutive Charles I of England became a head shorter than all his contemporaries. Historians agree on that fact, but they disagree on nearly all others, especially on the causes of that decollation. "Whit," historians on the English Civil War proved that the early Stuart kings illegally resisted the natural development of liberty in England. Marxists on the English Revolution proved that it was a matter of class warfare during the transition from feudalism to capitalism. Both "schools" found conflict to be the axis on which the drama of the 1640s turned. Both perspectives were then criticized by "revisionists” who discovered the theme of consensus. Now those revisionists are themselves being revised, in the eternal game of historians staking their territory with the “correct” interpretation over the bodies ( many of which are still alive) of the previous regime. Their new game is an old one: conflict.
Let me begin with the book that I know I cannot use, the one that revises the revisionists. Conflict in Early Stuart England is a collection of essays that grew out of Conrad Russell's Early Modem England Seminar at the Institute of Historical Research at London University. Richard Cust (Birmingham) and Ann Hughes (Manchester) provide a forty-page introduction that justifies and links the various articles. They thank the revisionists for their invaluable contributions to the debate, particularly Russell's Parliaments and English Politics 1621-1629 (1979), but argue that the proper approach is to look for disharmony rather than harmony. Cust and Hughes's pre-war England is a country on the edge, with two diametrically opposed spheres playing out their differences at all levels, local, national, and international. The Whigs were closer to the truth than the revisionists in seeing a series of fundamental conflicts: Court vs. Country, Arminians vs. Puritans, Monarchists vs. Parliamentarians. Though opposed, the spheres are not unconnected. Rather, they overlap at crucial points.
Sked, The Decline and Fall of the Habsburg Empire, 1815-1918
Authors: Lowry Bullitt
Published: February 2024

In a densely packed book, Alan Sked of the London School of Economics offers what he calls an extended essay on the decline of the Habsburg Empire in the nineteenth century. Sked, who has already published a number of specialized works on the Habsburg Empire, here tries to present an accessible study of the causes for its collapse. The basic question he is attacking, Sked says in his introduction, is to determine at what point the collapse became inevitable. He suggests, too, that the Austrian experience might help in solving problems emerging as Europe moves toward integration; looking at how the Habsburgs ruled a large number of quite different peoples, often peoples hostile to each other, can guide today's politicians.
Wright, African Americans in the Colonial Era
Authors: Armstrong Thomas
Published: February 2024

Historians familiar with the Harlan Davidson American History Series have come to expect succinct summary statements and strong bibliographic essays. Donald Wright's book will thus be a welcome addition to the series. The series' editors identified a gap in the survey literature on African-American history. Colonial America has simply not been addressed in a meaningful fashion. The monographic literature is often too widely scattered to be of much value to the undergraduate reader, and when the subject of slavery is broached, it has all too often been the slavery of the cotton belt between 1830 and 1860. Wright ably summarizes the origins of slavery and the mechanics of slave trade; he looks sensitively at the issue of the origins of slavery as well as the origins of racism, carefully addressing both the presence of Anthony Johnson and other free blacks like him, but noting that patterns of discrimination toward blacks existed from the beginning of European and African colonization of the New World.
بناء نموذج للمسار الحركي للثقل في الرفعة الميتة (Deadlift) بالطريقة التقليدية
Authors: Aram Taha Youssef Zanganeh  , Prof. Dr. Wadih Yassin Muhammad
Published: February 2024

يهدف البحث الى التعرف على قيم بعض المتغيرات الكينماتيكية والجونيومترية في الرفعة الميتة بالطريقة التقليدية. ورسم المسارات الحركية للثقل في الرفعة الميتة بالطريقة التقليدية.
والتوصل الى بناء نموذج تطبيقي للمسار الحركي لعينة البحث للرفعة الميتة بالطريقة التقليدية.
واستخدم الباحثان المنهج الوصفي بالأسلوب التحليلي لملاءمته لطبيعة البحث.
وتكونت عينة البحث من الرباعين المتقدمين وبلغ عددهم (10) رباعين تم اختيارهم عمدياً.
واستخدم الباحثان الاستبيان والاختبار والملاحظة العلمية التقنية وتم إجرائها باستخدام آلة التصوير الفيديوية عالية السرعة، نوع Sony a7R Mark III 120 صورة بالثانية.
واستخدم الباحثان برامج التحليل الحركي (Kenovea 0.9.5) للحصول على المتغيرات الكينماتيكية للمسار الحركي للثقل والجونيومترية في الرفعة الميتة.
وعولجت البيانات احصائياً باستخدام الرزمة احصائية SPSS v.27.  وقد استنتج الباحثان ان هناك تشابه في شكل المسار الحركي للرفعة الميتة بالطريقة التقليدية بين افراد عينة البحث، دون قطع الخط الوهمي النازل للجاذبية الأرضية ما عدا رباع واحد، أي تعني 90% من أفراد عينة البحث ليس لديهم قطع الخط الوهمي النازل للجاذبية الأرضية.
التفكير الناقد وعلاقته بالتكييف الاجتماعي لدى طالبات كليات التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة
Authors: Teacher . Asaad Jawaid Abdel Ali
Published: February 2024

استدرج الباحث تطورات الزمن الجديد من تسارع علمي ومعرفي في اغلب سبل الحياة كونه واحد من اهم طرق المعرفة الإنسانية وهي في طور التقدم على وفق ثوابت البحث العلمي وإلى دور وأهمية التفكير الناقد وعلاقته بالتكييف الاجتماعي لدى طالبات كليات التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة في جامعات الفرات الاوسط .
وتهدف الدراسة إلى التعرف على التفكير الناقد وعلاقته بالتكييف الاجتماعي لدى طالبات كليات التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة في جامعات الفرات الاوسط. وهدف البحث الى التعرف على درجة التفكير الناقد والتكيف الاجتماعي لدى الطالبات الممارسات للنشاط الرياضي وغير الممارسات له. والتعرف على العلاقة الارتباطية بين التفكير الناقد وعلاقته بالتكييف الاجتماعي لدى طالبات كليات التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة في جامعات الفرات الاوسط.
واستخدم المنهج الوصفي بالأسلوب المسحي لتحقيق أهداف البحث واشتمل مجتمع البحث على طالبات كليات التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة في جامعات الفرات الاوسط (2020-2021) , وتم اختيار عينة البحث بواقع  (150) مفردة توزعوا على جامعات الفرات الاوسط . ومن خلال ما أفرزته نتائج التحليل الإحصائي للبيانات ودراسة المتغيرات تم التوصل إلى استنتاجات أهمها هناك فروق معنوية التفكير الناقد وعلاقته بالتكييف الاجتماعي لدى طالبات كليات التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة في جامعات الفرات الاوسط.
أدوار معلمي التربية الرياضية المستقبلية كما يطرحها منهاج التربية الرياضية القائم على الاقتصاد المعرفي في لواء قصبة المفرق
Authors: Dr.. Asmaa Abu Arida  , Dr.. Qutaiba Ahmed Qasim Al-Harahsheh  , Dr.. Bashar Suleiman Abdel Naeem Al Khazaleh  , Raafat Al-Adili
Published: February 2024

يتجه العالم الآن نحو مرحلة جديدة وثورة شاملة تتراجع فيها الأنشطة والتكنولوجيات القديمة لتحل محلها أنشطة وتكنولوجيا جديدة، تعتمد على العمل الذهني المتميز بالإبداع وتوليد معلومات جديدة تصلح لتأكيد معلومات أكثر دقة وتطور وتستخدم في تطوير التكنولوجيا الجديدة.
إن مفهوم المعرفة ليس بالأمر الجديد، فالمعرفة رافقت الإنسان منذ أن تفتح وعيه، وارتقت معه من مستوياتها البدائية، مرافقة لاتساع مداركه وتعمقها، حتى وصلت إلى ذروتها الحالية.
غير أن الجديد اليوم هو حجم تأثيرها على الحياة الاقتصادية والاجتماعية وعلى نمط حياة الإنسان عموما، وذلك بفضل الثورة العلمية التكنولوجية. فقد شهد الربع الأخير من القرن العشرين أعظم تغيير في حياة البشرية، وهو التحول الثالث بعد ظهور الزراعة والصناعة، وتمثل بثورة العلوم والتقنية فائقة التطور في المجالات الالكترونية والنووية، والفيزيائية، والبيولوجية، والفضائية. وكان لثورة المعلومات والاتصالات دور الريادة في هذا التحول، حيث مكنّت الإنسان من فرض سيطرته على الطبيعة إلى حد أصبح عامل التطور المعرفي أكثر تأثيرا في الحياة من بين العوامل الأخرى.
دراسة مسحية لمستويات التكيف الاجتماعي لممارسي الأنشطة الرياضية لدور رعاية الدولة
Authors: Hazem Maan Abd Ali  , ,     Prof. Dr. Imad Kazem Yasser
Published: February 2024

ان دور مؤسسة الايتام تضم في طبيعتها العديد من المواهب والقدرات المختلفة  ذات طابع متميز بشكل عام اضافة الى جانبها الاخر والذي يهمنا في بحثنا هو التميز الرياضي، كذلك لاحظ الباحث قلة الابحاث العلمية التي تناولت هذا الجانب الاجتماعي المتعلق بالفعاليات الرياضية على الرغم ان هذه الفئة هي من اكثر الفئات التي تحتاج الى دراسة واقعية لها اولويات منها رفع الجانب المعنوي لدى الرياضيين في هذه الفئة وزيادة الدعم المعنوي حيث يهدف البحث الى  بناء مقياس للتكيف الاجتماعي  لطلاب دور رعاية الدولة في المنطقة الجنوبية و التعرف على مستوى التكيف الاجتماعي  لطلاب دور رعاية الدولة في المنطقة الجنوبية اشتمل مجتمع البحث على دور رعاية الدولة  في المنطقة الجنوبية للعام الدراسي 2021- 2022  وتشمل محافظات (ذي قار , ميسان, البصرة )  , والبالغ عددهم (140) طالبا  واستنتج الباحث  صلاحية مقياس التكيف الاجتماعي . المعدة من قبل الباحثان لقياس التكيف الاجتماعي لدى طلاب دور رعاية الدولة الممارسين للأنشطة الرياضية   تتمتع العينة بمستويات مختلفة  من التكيف الاجتماعي بناءا على النتائج التي اظهرتها الأوساط الحسابية والمستويات المعيارية  ان ممارسة الانشطة الرياضية تساعد الطالب في دور رعاية الدولة  على التكييف والتالف الاجتماعي
برنامج تعليمي وفقا لشبكات التفكير البصري في التفكير المرن وبعض المهارات الأساسية بالكرة القدم
Authors: Assis  Teacher . Haider Ayed Jabbar
Published: February 2024

تكمن اهمية البحث في استخدام برنامج تعليمي وفقا لشبكات التفكير البصري  للتعرف على تأثيره في التفكير المرن وبعض المهارات الأساسية بكرة القدم لطلاب مدرسة متوسطة الاسراء  للبنين الصف الاول في مركز قضاء الديوانية في مديرية تربية الديوانية للعام الدراسي (2022- 2023 ) والبالغ عددهم (134 ) طالب يمثلون (4) صفوف ، واستخدم الباحث  المنهج التجريبي بأسلوب المجموعتين المتكافئتين لملائمته في تطبيق اجراءاته الميدانية ، اما عينة البحث اشتملت على (32 )  طالب والتي تم اختيارها عن طريق القرعة وكانت من شعبتي ( ج ، د ) والتي تم اختيارهم بالطريقة القرعة  اصبحت شعبة ( د ) المجموعة التجريبية وشعبة
( ج ) العينة الضابطة  ، وتم استخدام الادوات والاجهزة الضرورية في البحث وخطوات تنفيذه والتي تضمن اعداد برنامج تعليمي وفقا لشبكات التفكير البصري والتجربة الاستطلاعية والتجربة الميدانية الرئيسة المتضمنة في الاختبارات القبلية  وتطبيق برنامج تعليمي وفقا لشبكات التفكير البصري  ثم الاختبارات البعدية واستنتج الباحث حاجة الطلاب الى برنامج تعليمي وفقا لشبكات التفكير البصري  لمساعدتهم في التفكير المرن وبعض المهارات الأساسية بكرة القدم  ويوصي الباحث  بالاستفادة البرامج الحديثة في المحاضرات لما لها من دور كبير في التفكير المرن وبعض المهارات الأساسية بكرة القدم  .
Kedudukan Kepala Otorita Ibu Kota Nusantara Sebagai Pengelola Keuangan Negara Berdasarkan Kekuasaan Presiden Menurut Konsepsi Keuangan Negara
Authors: Rusmana Rizki Tri , Ardilafiza  , Illahi Beni Kurnia
Published: February 2024

Kepala Otorita selaku penyelenggara pemerintahan di daerah Ibu Kota Nusantara (IKN), diberikan kewenangan pengelolaan keuangan IKN oleh Presiden, padahal UU No. 17 Tahun 2003 tentang Keuangan Negara tidak menyebutkan Kepala Pemerintah Daerah Khusus IKN sebagai pemegang kekuasaan pengelolaan keuangan negara. Hal ini menimbulkan ambiguitas tentang bagaimana kewenangan pengelolaan keuangan yang dimaksud UU IKN tersebut. Berdasarkan kondisi latar belakang di atas, rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini yaitu mengenai karakteristik kelembagaan Badan Otorita IKN serta kedudukan Kepala Otorita IKN sebagai pengelola keuangan negara berdasarkan kekuasaan presiden menurut konsepsi keuangan negara. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu hukum normatif dengan pendekatan undang-undang dan pendekatan konseptual. Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan yaitu dengan mempertimbangkan karakteristik Badan Otorita IKN antara lain dibentuk berdasarkan undang-undang, berkedudukan di ibu kota negara dan berada di bawah koordinasi dan bertanggung jawab langsung kepada Presiden, tidak mempunyai DPRD sebagai lembaga perwakilan rakyat dan wilayah setingkat provinsi yang tidak dipimpin oleh gubernur, serta peraturan yang dikeluarkan berupa Peraturan Kepala Otorita IKN, maka lebih tepat bila Badan Otorita dikategorikan sebagai Pemerintah Pusat, dan berkaitan dengan pengelolaan keuangan negara di IKN, Kepala Otorita berada pada posisi menteri/pimpinan lembaga sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (2) huruf b, selaku Pengguna Anggaran/Pengguna Barang untuk IKN.
A case of exaggerated placental site treated with hysteroscopy
Authors: Calzolari Stefano , Comito Chiara , Andresson Karin Louise , Giarrè Giovanna , Taddei Gianluigi , Dubini Valeria
Published: February 2024

Exaggerated placental site (EPS) is a benign lesion that can occur in association with term pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, molar pregnancy, intrauterine fetal death or miscarriage. The characteristics of EPS are described in several case reports and have been reported after major surgery such as hysterectomy. We describe the hysteroscopic characteristic of EPS associated with a spontaneous miscarriage. Hysteroscopic inspection of the uterine cavity revealed copious tissue with increased vascularization without signs of invasion. No cleavage was visualized between material and myometrium could be established during the resection procedure. 40 days after hysteroscopy the patient became pregnant. The pregnancy proceeded without complications and during the cesarean section no residual placenta-related abnormal site appearance was noted on inspection of the uterine wall. The hysteroscopic treatment could be considered feasible to preserve future fertility in young women in cases of suspect non-malignant trophoblastic disease.
Can Native Nations Sovereignty or Self Governance Fit Within a Modern International Paradigm? Lessons To Be Learned
Authors: Missirian David E.
Published: February 2024

This paper examines how indigenous people’s sovereignty and legal system, may not mesh adequately with the United States legal system. The issues and injustices indigenous peoples feel are not unique to the United States. Canada has experienced similar cultural and legal issues and has come up with a unique solution to the problems created. I intend to examine the problems from both a historical and legal societal perspective. And then suggest some potential solutions. The value of this paper is that it helps us to recognize the valuable resources we have in our diverse population and how to effectively utilize and, most importantly recognize their unique and varying skill sets. By including these peoples into our collective fabric, we will yield a better society. The fabric of our society can seem much like conventional clothing fabric, which is strengthened by the introduction of another element into the mix.
EXPERT SYSTEM FOR DISEASE IDENTIFICATION BASED ON HEMATOCHEZIA SYMPTOMS WITH NAÏVE BAYES METHOD
Authors: Aldo Dasril , Alwendi Alwendi , Paramadini Adanti Wido , Syafrinal Ilwan , Putra Sapta Eka
Published: February 2024

Hematochezia is a common clinical symptom in various gastrointestinal diseases, requiring accurate diagnosis for effective treatment. This study aims to develop an expert system for the rapid and precise identification of hematochezia-causing diseases. The expert system is designed to assist patients in efficiently recognizing diseases, minimizing treatment failure risks. It employs the Naïve Bayes method, a data calculation approach involving summing combinations and frequencies of each dataset. The expert system methodology begins with training using a dataset comprising hematochezia symptoms and corresponding disease diagnoses. The dataset is input into a database as training data. Subsequently, it undergoes classification and training stages. Symptom data can then be processed using the Naïve Bayes method. The system's end result displays probability values for each disease based on provided symptoms. This analysis relies on specific symptoms selected by the user, such as Rectal Pain, Hematochezia, Constipation, Fatigue, and Abdominal Cramps. It yields a Hemorrhoids diagnosis with a posterior probability of 0.514738. In testing with 35 sample cases, the expert system exhibited a remarkable accuracy rate of 94.29%. This expert system efficiently supports disease diagnosis based on hematochezia symptoms, aiding in swift and accurate identification.
Parallel Curves Based on Normal Vector
Authors: Sağıroğlu Yasemin , Köse Gönül
Published: February 2024

In this paper, the definition of parallel curves based on normal vector is given and the curvature, torsion, Frenet frame of this curve are determined. Furthermore, special cases in curves such as circle and helix are also be exemplified.
Nostalgia, Masculinity, and Real Person Fiction: The Obama Biden and Bernie Sanders Mysteries
Authors: Spychala Mareike
Published: February 2024

Published in 2018, 2019, and 2022 respectively, Hope Never Dies and Hope Rides Again, subtitled An Obama Biden Mystery, and Feel the Bern: A Bernie Sanders Mystery by Andrew Shaffer offer crime stories that feature the former President and Vice-President and, analogously, Senator Bernie Sanders as amateur investigators. Described as ‘[e]vocative of noir thrillers and bromantic buddy-cop movies’ on Penguin Random House’s website, the novels rest on a premise that, this paper argues, is carried not only by a liberal nostalgia for the Obama presidency and, in the case of Feel the Bern, small town life, but also by certain stereotypes about gender and race (‘Obama Biden Mysteries Series’). Thus, this paper asks how nostalgia, masculinity, and especially a certain kind of liberal white masculinity, and race interact with the depiction of crime in this series. Furthermore, it traces how all of these aspects are influenced by and contingent on the conventions of the (sub-)genre of real person fiction.
Stem Cells, From A to B [Arabic]
Authors: Elserafy Ahmed Taher
Published: February 2024

Have you ever thought about how our body compensates for lost cells? Have you heard about a new management line for several diseases using so-called stem cells? You may have heard about some pa<ents being defrauded with claims of stem cell therapy. When these magical cells and their therapeutic ability were discovered, many researchers and doctors believed that we found a cure for cureless conditions. Stem cells have amazing abilities to differentiate into various cells of the body, which is an indisputable fact, replacing damaged tissues in a manner similar to human spare parts. Thus, a new branch of medicine known as regenerative medicine has been emerged. The challenge is to harness these cells to respond adequately to the differentiation triggers. Also, the development of the protocols to introduce these cells into the body is a complex process. The mistake that a few medicals made was to rush the use of stem cells before establishing the conditions for treatment, including laboratory experiments and studies on experimental animals and groups of patients. These validations are required for licensing these cells as a medical treatment. This book aims at providing basic information about stem cells and regenerative medicine from their scientific sources. In addition, the book highlights the current clinical studies, as well as future trends in this field.
Hur gör vi det osynliga synligt?
Authors: Mikkonen Suvi , Lundqvist Camilla
Published: February 2024

Hur kan vi undervisa barn i åk 2 om sådant som är för litet för att vi ska kunna se det med blotta ögat? Cellen är ett exempel på ett sådant innehåll, vilket tidigare forskning har visat kan vara svårt även för äldre elever att förstå. I den här artikeln beskriver vi hur vi utgående från det kooperativa arbetssättet har utformat undervisning om cellen där digitala verktyg har en viktig roll. Vi reflekterar över vad som händer i klassrummet när vi gör de olika övningarna. Enligt våra erfarenheter hjälper de kooperativa strukturerna eleverna att tillsammans utveckla kunskap om detta abstrakta innehåll. Vi upplever att eleverna stödjer varandra, och bidrar till att skapa en tillåtande och ödmjuk lärandemiljö. Vi lyfter också utmaningar som vi stött på i vårt arbete med kooperativt lärande med digitala verktyg.
Assessing the gene silencing potential of AuNP-based approaches on conventional 2D cell culture versus 3D tumor spheroid
Authors: Oliveira Beatriz B. , Fernandes Alexandra R. , Baptista Pedro Viana
Published: February 2024

Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture using tumor spheroids provides a crucial platform for replicating tissue microenvironments. However, effective gene modulation via nanoparticle-based transfection remains a challenge, often facing delivery hurdles. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with their tailored synthesis and biocompatibility, have shown promising results in two-dimensional (2D) cultures, nevertheless, they still require a comprehensive evaluation before they can reach its full potential on 3D models. While 2D cultures offer simplicity and affordability, they lack physiological fidelity. In contrast, 3D spheroids better capture in vivo conditions, enabling the study of cell interactions and nutrient distribution. These models are essential for investigating cancer behavior, drug responses, and developmental processes. Nevertheless, transitioning from 2D to 3D models demands an understanding of altered internalization mechanisms and microenvironmental influences. This study assessed ASO-AuNP conjugates for silencing the c-MYC oncogene in 2D cultures and 3D tumor spheroids, revealing distinctions in gene silencing efficiency and highlighting the microenvironment’s impact on AuNP-mediated gene modulation. Herein, we demonstrate that increasing the number of AuNPs per cell by 2.6 times, when transitioning from a 2D cell model to a 3D spheroid, allows to attain similar silencing efficiencies. Such insights advance the development of targeted gene therapies within intricate tissue-like contexts.
Exploring adjunctive therapies for cerebral malaria
Authors: Bensalel Johanna , Gallego-Delgado Julio
Published: February 2024

Cerebral malaria (CM) is one of the most severe complications of malaria infection characterized by coma and neurological effects. Despite standardized treatment of malaria infection with artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACT), the mortality rate is still high, and it primarily affects pediatric patients. ACT reduces parasitemia but fails to adequately target the pathogenic mechanisms underlying CM, including blood-brain-barrier (BBB) disruption, endothelial activation/dysfunction, and hyperinflammation. The need for adjunctive therapies to specifically treat this form of severe malaria is critical as hundreds of thousands of people continue to die each year from this disease. Here we present a summary of some potential promising therapeutic targets and treatments for CM, as well as some that have been tested and deemed ineffective or, in some cases, even deleterious. Further exploration into these therapeutic agents is warranted to assess the effectiveness of these potential treatments for CM patients.
Rethinking multimodal corpora from the perspective of Peircean semiotics
Authors: Hiippala Tuomo
Published: February 2024

This article discusses annotating and querying multimodal corpora from the perspective of Peircean semiotics. Corpora have had a significant impact on empirical research in the field of linguistics and are increasingly considered essential for multimodality research as well. I argue that Peircean semiotics can be used to gain a deeper understanding of multimodal corpora and rethink the way we work with them. I demonstrate the proposed approach in an empirical study, which uses Peircean semiotics to guide the process of querying multimodal corpora using computer vision and vector-based information retrieval. The results show that computer vision algorithms are restricted to particular domains of experience, which may be circumscribed using Peirce's theory of semiotics. However, the applicability of such algorithms may be extended using annotations, which capture aspects of meaning-making that remain beyond algorithms. Overall, the results suggest that the process of building and analysing multimodal corpora should be actively theorized in order to identify new ways of working with the information stored in them, particularly in terms of dividing the annotation tasks between humans and algorithms.
Circulating biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related myocarditis: time for a risk-based approach
Authors: Murtagh Gillian , deFilippi Christopher , Zhao Qiong , Barac Ana
Published: February 2024

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are monoclonal antibodies that block immune checkpoints and therefore activate immune cells, allowing them to recognize and attack cancer cells. ICIs have revolutionized oncology practice, but their use has been complicated by immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Of cardiovascular (CV) irAEs, ICI-related myocarditis has received significant attention due to high mortality rates, ranging from 25% to 50%, despite its overall low incidence. Establishing the early diagnosis of ICI-myocarditis is important for early initiation of steroids and consideration of hospitalization in patients who are at risk for hemodynamic compromise and need high acuity care in a tertiary setting. In this review, we summarize the diagnostic and prognostic tools for ICI-myocarditis, including electrocardiography, echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, with emphasis on circulating biomarkers. Cardiac troponins (cTns) are an essential component of the diagnosis of ICI-myocarditis, and we provide a summary of the recent studies that utilized different assays (cTnI vs. cTnT) and outcomes (diagnosis vs. prognosis including major adverse cardiac outcomes). With the exponential increase in ICI use across different oncology indications, there is a major need to include biomarkers in risk stratification to guide diagnosis and treatment. Our review proposes a framework for future multisite registries, including cTn evaluation at baseline and at the time of irAE suspicion, with development of central biobanking to allow head-to-head evaluation and clinical validation of different biomarker assays in ICI-myocarditis. This approach, with the inclusion of CV biomarkers into clinical and pragmatic oncology trials, holds promise to improve the early recognition and management of ICI-myocarditis and CV irAEs, thus leading to better outcomes.
Effects of different gonadotropin preparations in GnRH antagonist protocol for patients with polycystic ovary syndrome during IVF/ICSI: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hu Zhengyan , Zeng Rujun , Gao Rui , Chen Mingli , Liu Xiumei , Zhang Qiong , Qin Lang , Zeng Xun
Published: February 2024

Purpose

To compare the effects of recombinant FSH alfa (rFSH-alfa), rFSH-beta, highly purified human menopausal gonadotropin (HP-hMG) and urinary FSH (uFSH) in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome who have undertaken the GnRH antagonist protocol during IVF/ICSI treatment.

Method

A single-center retrospective cohort study including women with PCOS who received the GnRH antagonist protocol from January 2019 to July 2022 was conducted. Patients were divided into rFSH-alfa group, HP-hMG group, uFSH group, and rFSH-beta group, and the number of oocytes retrieved, clinical pregnancy rate of the fresh cycle (primary outcomes), embryo quality, and severe OHSS rate (secondary outcomes) were compared.

Results

No statistical differences were found among the four groups in fresh cycle clinical pregnancy rate (p=0.426), nor in the subgroup analyses. The HP-hMG group had a smaller number of oocytes retrieved and a higher high-quality D3 embryo rate than the three FSH groups (p<0.05). No statistical differences were found among the four groups in the severe OHSS rate (p=0.083).

Conclusion

For women with PCOS undergoing the GnRH antagonist protocol, the clinical pregnancy rates of fresh IVF/ICSI-ET cycle are similar for all four types of Gn. With a lower risk of OHSS and a similar number of high-quality and available embryos, HP-hMG may have an advantage in the PCOS population.
Using global datasets to estimate flood exposure at the city scale: an evaluation in Addis Ababa
Authors: Carr Andrew B. , Trigg Mark A. , Haile Alemseged Tamiru , Bernhofen Mark V. , Alemu Abel Negussie , Bekele Tilaye Worku , Walsh Claire L.
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Cities located in lower income countries are global flood risk hotspots. Assessment and management of these risks forms a key part of global climate adaptation efforts. City scale flood risk assessments necessitate flood hazard information, which is challenging to obtain in these localities because of data quality/scarcity issues, and the complex multi-source nature of urban flood dynamics. A growing array of global datasets provide an attractive means of closing these data gaps, but their suitability for this context remains relatively unknown.

Methods: Here, we test the use of relevant global terrain, rainfall, and flood hazard data products in a flood hazard and exposure assessment framework covering Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. To conduct the tests, we first developed a city scale rain-on-grid hydrodynamic flood model based on local data and used the model results to identify buildings exposed to flooding. We then observed how the results of this flood exposure assessment changed when each of the global datasets are used in turn to drive the hydrodynamic model in place of its local counterpart.

Results and discussion: Results are evaluated in terms of both the total number of exposed buildings, and the spatial distribution of exposure across Addis Ababa. Our results show that of the datasets tested, the FABDEM global terrain and the PXR global rainfall data products provide the most promise for use at the city scale in lower income countries.
Integrated flood risk assessment in Hunza-Nagar, Pakistan: unifying big climate data analytics and multi-criteria decision-making with GIS
Authors: Mukhtar Muhammad Ahsan , Shangguan Donghui , Ding Yongjian , Anjum Muhammad Naveed , Banerjee Abhishek , Butt Asim Qayyum , Nilesh yadav  , Li Da , Yang Qin , Khan Amjad Ali , Muhammad Ali , He Bei Bei
Published: February 2024

Floods are a widespread natural disaster with substantial economic implications and far-reaching consequences. In Northern Pakistan, the Hunza-Nagar valley faces vulnerability to floods, posing significant challenges to its sustainable development. This study aimed to evaluate flood risk in the region by employing a GIS-based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) approach and big climate data records. By using a comprehensive flood risk assessment model, a flood hazard map was developed by considering nine influential factors: rainfall, regional temperature variation, distance to the river, elevation, slope, Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), Topographic wetness index (TWI), land use/land cover (LULC), curvature, and soil type. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) analysis assigned weights to each factor and integrated with geospatial data using a GIS to generate flood risk maps, classifying hazard levels into five categories. The study assigned higher importance to rainfall, distance to the river, elevation, and slope compared to NDVI, TWI, LULC, curvature, and soil type. The weighted overlay flood risk map obtained from the reclassified maps of nine influencing factors identified 6% of the total area as very high, 36% as high, 41% as moderate, 16% as low, and 1% as very low flood risk. The accuracy of the flood risk model was demonstrated through the Receiver Operating Characteristics-Area Under the Curve (ROC-AUC) analysis, yielding a commendable prediction accuracy of 0.773. This MCDA approach offers an efficient and direct means of flood risk modeling, utilizing fundamental GIS data. The model serves as a valuable tool for decision-makers, enhancing flood risk awareness and providing vital insights for disaster management authorities in the Hunza-Nagar Valley. As future developments unfold, this study remains an indispensable resource for disaster preparedness and management in the Hunza-Nagar Valley region.
Out of the ocean: the timescale of molluscan evolution based on phylogenomics revealed the ages of mollusks’ evolutionary transitions into the novel environment
Authors: Han Xiaolu , Sun Shaolei , Wang Yiting , Liu Mengyuan , Shui Bonian , Han Zhiqiang
Published: February 2024

Being the phylum with the second largest biodiversity, mollusks are widely distributed in marine, freshwater, and land, conquered almost all habitats on the earth. Throughout geological time, several molluscan lineages independently colonized freshwater and land, evolving independently in new habitats. Resolving the timing of their colonization for novel environments is the basis of understanding the complex evolution of Mollusca. Herein, we obtained an elaborate single–copy orthologs set including 107 genes with a total length of 3,447,675 amino acid sites across 134 mollusks to reconstruct the phylogeny of Mollusca. The phylogenetic analysis recovered the “Aculifera+ Conchifera” topology with well–supported. By the divergence times estimation with fossil calibration, we revealed Cambrian rapid diversification of all molluscan classes. What’s more, our results provided the times of three major independent colonization of novel environments and consistent with previous studies. The freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionida) colonized freshwater about 233 Mya, ancient origin and late diversification make this order to become the main represent of the freshwater bivalves. The orders Stylommatophora and Basommatophora (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) respectively colonized land and freshwater about 201 Mya, the Triassic–Jurassic mass extinction may have provided the opportunities for their colonization. Ampullariidae (Gastropoda) colonized freshwater about 156 Mya, their lungs may have contributed to the adaption of tropical freshwater environment and make them survive. Our results probably offer the most comprehensive time–scale of molluscan evolution, could provide some insights into the habitat transition and evolution of Mollusca.
Achilles’ Heel of currently approved immune checkpoint inhibitors: immune related adverse events
Authors: Yan Ting , Yu Lun , Zhang Jiwen , Chen Yun , Fu Yilan , Tang Jingyi , Liao Dehua
Published: February 2024

Immunotherapy has revolutionized the cancer treatment landscape by opening up novel avenues for intervention. As the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has exponentially increased, so have immune-related adverse events (irAEs). The mechanism of irAEs may involve the direct damage caused by monoclonal antibodies and a sequence of immune responses triggered by T cell activation. Common side effects include dermatologic toxicity, endocrine toxicity, gastrointestinal toxicity, and hepatic toxicity. While relatively rare, neurotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and pulmonary toxicity can be fatal. These toxicities pose a clinical dilemma regarding treatment discontinuation since they can result in severe complications and necessitate frequent hospitalization. Vigilant monitoring of irAEs is vital in clinical practice, and the principal therapeutic strategy entails the administration of oral or intravenous glucocorticoids (GSCs). It may be necessary to temporarily or permanently discontinue the use of ICIs in severe cases. Given that irAEs can impact multiple organs and require diverse treatment approaches, the involvement of a multidisciplinary team of experts is imperative. This review aims to comprehensively examine the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, incidence, and treatment options for various irAEs.
Quantifying how much host, pathogen, and other factors affect human protective adaptive immune responses
Authors: Sela Uri , Corrêa da Rosa Joel M. , Fischetti Vincent A. , Cohen Joel E.
Published: February 2024

Recognizing the “essential” factors that contribute to a clinical outcome is critical for designing appropriate therapies and prioritizing limited medical resources. Demonstrating a high correlation between a factor and an outcome does not necessarily imply an essential role of the factor to the outcome. Human protective adaptive immune responses to pathogens vary among (and perhaps within) pathogenic strains, human individual hosts, and in response to other factors. Which of these has an “essential” role? We offer three statistical approaches that predict the presence of newly contributing factor(s) and then quantify the influence of host, pathogen, and the new factors on immune responses. We illustrate these approaches using previous data from the protective adaptive immune response (cellular and humoral) by human hosts to various strains of the same pathogenic bacterial species. Taylor’s law predicts the existence of other factors potentially contributing to the human protective adaptive immune response in addition to inter-individual host and intra-bacterial species inter-strain variability. A mixed linear model measures the relative contribution of the known variables, individual human hosts and bacterial strains, and estimates the summed contributions of the newly predicted but unknown factors to the combined adaptive immune response. A principal component analysis predicts the presence of sub-variables (currently not defined) within bacterial strains and individuals that may contribute to the combined immune response. These observations have statistical, biological, clinical, and therapeutic implications.