bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Derechos sexuales y reproductivos en mujeres con diagnóstico de trastorno mental grave: argumentos y consensos de profesionales en salud mental comunitaria
Authors: Santoro Lamelas Valeria , Layunta Maurel Beatriz , Peñaranda-Cólera María del Carmen , De la Torre Leonardo , Gresle Anne-Sophie , Pinazo María Jesús
Published: October 2024

Con el objetivo de conocer los argumentos de profesionales de la salud mental en torno al ejercicio y/o vulneración de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos (DSR) de las mujeres con diagnóstico en trastorno mental grave (DTMG) y establecer prioridades para la investigación en intervención dentro del área, aplicamos el método Delphi para la obtención de información y un análisis del contenido temático para su análisis.Los resultados evidencian como el género interactúa con el estigma social asociado al DTMG como elementos que posicionan a las mujeres en situaciones de vulnerabilidad social, los cuales tienen efectos negativos sobre el ejercicio de sus DSR. Estos efectos están presentes tanto en el área de la sexualidad, caracterizada por el tabú y la medicalización, como en el área de la reproducción, caracterizada por la mirada incapacitante en torno a la maternidad y el control reproductivo. Asimismo, sitúan a las mujeres en posiciones de opresión que favorecen situaciones de abusos y maltratos.Se concluye destacando los elementos clave para la comprensión del fenómeno, los cuales serán de utilidad para el desarrollo de futuros análisis en el área: el estigma del DTMG, el ejercicio del poder simbólico sobre la construcción de la subjetividad y la reproducción de la exclusión social. Finalmente, proponemos líneas de acción social orientadas a revisar los recursos, el reconocimiento de la agencia de las mujeres con DTMG, y el establecimiento de procesos donde participen el saber científico y profesional, las mujeres y sus familias.
Subjectivities and the Space of Possibilities in Youth Programs: Countering Majoritarian Stories as Social Change in the Australian Context
Authors: Keast Samuel P , Sonn Christopher C
Published: October 2024

The status quo of many not-for-profit organisations is well-intentioned service provision often coupled with an absence of critical understanding sustained by the restricting nature of neoliberal bureaucracy and funding. In this context, programs aimed at assisting young people from marginalised communities can become mired in individualistic thinking that constrains the space of possibilities for young people through depoliticisation and decontextualization of their realities and thus the kinds of subjectivities available to them. The challenge for the evaluation we discuss in this paper was not only to evaluate the outcomes of the program, but to promote community narratives about the realities for young racialized people in Australia that counter majoritarian stories. We conclude that social change begins within the multidirectional relationships and contact zones of the stakeholders, participants and researchers of youth programs. This means, extending the focus beyond generic youth development and moving toward engaging young people in critical social analysis and empowering them as future social change agents in their communities.
Musicoterapia y telehealth: Una revisión sistemática
Authors: Riera Marta Casellas , Bernal Jordi Segura , Gárriz Clara Andrés
Published: October 2024

La crisis sanitaria y las restricciones provocadas por la COVID-19 han tenido un gran impacto en la salud física y mental con un incremento de la teleasistencia (telehealth). Se realiza una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre la aplicación de la musicoterapia en telehealth en PsycInfo, PsicoDoc, Scopus, PubMed y Web of Science. Se identificaron 8 estudios que muestran mejoras en los objetivos terapéuticos y el uso de nuevos modelos de intervención y recursos tecnológicos. Se puede concluir que la investigación empírica en musicoterapia con telehealth es escasa, pero los estudios seleccionados abren un camino para su aplicación ante la dificultad de acceso a una terapia presencial.Palabras clave: música; salud; musicoterapia; telehealthDestacados: La crisis sanitaria por COVID-19 ha provocado gran impacto en la salud física y mental. La musicoterapia vía telehealth puede ser una solución a las dificultades en disponibilidad de la terapia presencial.
Análisis comparativo de las funciones ejecutivas según el nivel de escolaridad en jóvenes adultos residentes en la ciudad de Medellín
Authors: Castañeda Quirama TATIANA , Molina González David Andrés , Gómez Botero Mónica
Published: October 2024

Se realizó un estudio transversal comparativo ex post facto, con el objetivo de analizar la relación entre el nivel de escolaridad y las funciones ejecutivas en un grupo de adultos jóvenes de 25 a 30 años residentes en la ciudad de Medellín. Se aplicó la batería de Funciones Frontales y Ejecutivas (BANFE). Se realizó un análisis comparativo no paramétrico ANOVA para el análisis de los hallazgos. Los resultados evidencian que el total de todas las funciones evaluadas presentan diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos evaluados. Se concluye que el nivel de escolaridad impacta en el desempeño de las funciones ejecutivas, tanto de las funciones más básicas como de las funciones ejecutivas más complejas o “cognitivas”. Los hallazgos del estudio tienen implicaciones teóricas y clínicas en el campo de la neuropsicología.
Efectos directos e indirectos de las actitudes hacia la violencia, la desvinculación moral y las creencias normativas en la violencia escolar
Authors: Orozco Vargas Arturo Enrique , Aguilera Reyes Ulises , García López Georgina Isabel , Venebra Muñoz Arturo
Published: October 2024

El estudio de la violencia escolar se ha caracterizado por una escasez de investigaciones que analicen la influencia de los procesos cognitivos en el origen y desarrollo de la violencia que se gesta en las escuelas. Para dar respuesta a este vacío en la literatura, el objetivo de la presente investigación fue examinar el efecto mediador de las actitudes hacia la violencia en la relación entre la desvinculación moral y la violencia escolar, así como en la relación entre las creencias normativas hacia la violencia y la violencia escolar. Basado en la teoría del aprendizaje social, se construyó un modelo conceptual con la finalidad de analizar las relaciones entre las variables de estudio y los posibles efectos mediadores. Los participantes incluyeron a 220 hombres y 239 mujeres quienes eran estudiantes de tres universidades mexicanas en el centro del país. Los resultados mostraron que los datos se ajustan correctamente al modelo (X2(2) = 4.28, p > .05) (TLI = 0.97; GFI = .97; CFI = 0.98; RMSEA = 0.04). Se encontró que los efectos indirectos de las actitudes hacia la violencia en la relación entre la desvinculación moral y la violencia escolar fueron significativos, así como en la relación entre las creencias normativas hacia la violencia y la violencia escolar. Los análisis mostraron que los efectos mediadores de las actitudes hacia la violencia para la desvinculación moral y las creencias normativas fueron significativos. Con base en estos resultados, es posible concluir que las actitudes hacia la violencia crearon un sendero a través del cual la desvinculación moral, así como las creencias normativas impactaron significativamente la presencia de la violencia escolar.
Psychometric properties of the Perceived Parental Autonomy Support Scale (P-PASS) in Spanish late-adolescents
Authors: Rodríguez Menéndez Carmen
Published: October 2024

This study analyzed psychometric characteristics the Spanish version of the Perceived Parental Autonomy Scale (P-PASS), a self-report questionnaire to assess the adolescent’s perception of parental autonomy support. Confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated the hypothesized two-factor structure of the P-PASS, indicating the distinction between parental autonomy support and controlling parenting. Moreover, convergent validity was confirmed by theoretically consistent associations between the P-PASS and others measures of parental psychological control.  Results confirmed that parental autonomy support was a different dimension from overprotection and care. The findings from the hierarchical regression demonstrated the contributions of parental autonomy support and parental control to the development self -concept. Effect sizes findings highlight the upper weight of student’s perceived fathers’ behaviors on students’ family, social and physical self-concept.
Optimization of the static volumetric 3D display system based on two-step two-frequency upconversion of Er3+-doped tellurite glass
Authors: Li Wencai , Ji Kang , Zhao Qiang , Deng Yan , Miao Gang , Han Dongcheng , Chen Biao
Published: October 2024

We demonstrate a high-brightness, high-contrast static volumetric three-dimensional (3D) display based on the two-step, two-frequency upconversion by optimizing the incidence angle and the number of two-dimensional graphical slices of the digital micromirror device (DMD). A homemade cubic volume of tellurite glass (22mm×22mm×22mm) doped with 0.7% erbium ions (Er3+) is used as the display medium. The volumetric pixels (voxels) of 546 nm luminescence are activated by two lasers of 850 nm and 1550 nm, which are meticulously scanned by a DMD of 1280×800 resolution and a galvanometer scanner, respectively. The brightness and contrast of the resulting 3D imagery are investigated by adjusting the incidence angle of the DMD and optimizing the number of two-dimensional graphical slices. Experimentally, the optimal incidence angle of 55.76° and slices of 25 with nearly 26 million voxels are obtained. The resultant image display is remarkably steady, devoid of any flicker, while delivering exceptional luminance and contrast.
Miniaturized optical system of a laser seeker based on a dynamic and static performance co-design
Authors: Wu Di , Zhang Xiao , Li Xiangping , Song Jinlong , Yi Aiqing , Sheng Kuang
Published: October 2024

The laser semi-active seeker, crucial for miniaturizing guided munitions, offers high precision, anti-jamming, and rapid response. Current research focuses on system response, spot parameters, and angular velocity accuracy. With small-caliber munitions on the rise, further miniaturization and weight reduction are essential. This paper proposes a design for an optical system that balances dynamic imaging quality and miniaturized static structure. Using quadrant detector principles, factors affecting detection performance are analyzed to determine the optimal spot size and imaging range. Based on imaging requirements and the optical properties of a dual-reflector structure, we determine the design parameters of the system to achieve a combination of dynamic and static performance. Evaluations using ZEMAX and MATLAB confirm that the system achieves ±4∘ linear and ±8∘ full fields of view, 0.12% distortion, 4.52 mrad angular accuracy, a 15.72 mm axial length, and has the possibility of actual production. The system is compact, with excellent spot roundness, stability, and uniform energy distribution, providing a reference for future guided weapon research.
Modulation bandwidth analysis of GaN-based micro-LED deduced by an equivalent circuit model
Authors: Zhu Lingli , Zhang Zhen , Shen Daqi , Gao Na , Tian Pengfei , Li Shuping , Kang Junyong , Zhang Rong
Published: October 2024

We establish an equivalent circuit model of the GaN-based micro-LED system incorporating the parasitic parameters of the printed circuit board and bonding wires. Our deep analysis reveals that the parameters of intrinsic micro-LED significantly impact the modulation bandwidth of micro-LED. As the resistance and capacitance of micro-LED increases, the bandwidth of micro-LED decreases sharply. To address this critical issue, we propose several feasible strategies based on the analysis of the equivalent circuit model. In particular, we develop deep etching techniques to improve the bandwidth of the micro-LED system. By fitting the impedance parameters of the equivalent circuit model of shallow and deep etching micro-LEDs, the electrode capacitance of the deep-etching device is decreased by 24.9 pF compared to the shallow-etching device. This leads to a remarkable modulation bandwidth enhancement from 203 MHz to 249.8 MHz at a low current density of 4 kA/cm2. The high consistency of the simulated bandwidth from fitted parameters proves the validation and reliability of our proposed equivalent circuit model.
Theoretical and numerical investigation of an ultra-broadband near-perfect absorption in auxetic metamaterials
Authors: Rezwan Ahmed Md. , Jyoti Oishi , Farjana Ferdous , Sarkar Pritu P. , Kumar Paul Alok , Samiul Habib Md.
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we present and numerically investigate an auxetic metamaterial absorber based on vanadium dioxide (VO2), achieving more than 90% absorption of the incident terahertz (THz) waves between 4.15 THz to 8.43 THz with an average absorption of 98.4%. To our knowledge, the absorption bandwidth is higher than previously reported VO2-based absorbers. The proposed absorber contains two VO2 based resonator rings placed diagonally at the top of the dielectric substrate in such a way as to create an auxetic shape and provide more design space than the existing absorbers. Considering the vector nature of electromagnetic fields in three-dimensional space, numerical analysis is performed while keeping the phase-changing material VO2 in the metallic state. According to the full wave simulation, it is shown that under normal incidence, the proposed absorber provides almost flat and near-unity absorption, which covers from 4.82 THz to 7.53 THz. We describe the physical mechanism of the absorber through impedance matching theory, and the absorber performance is evaluated by observing the electric field distributions at various frequencies. The proposed structure also exhibits a satisfactory tunable range from 2% to 100%, which may satisfy the requirements of re-configurable metamaterial absorbers. We also show that the absorber provides better wide-angle absorption performance than the existing VO2-based models for both transverse polarization i.e., transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes. Owing to the higher absorption bandwidth and better tunable range, the proposed auxetic metamaterial has great potential applications in THz imaging, detectors, and sensing.
Brazil towards malaria elimination: A time-series analysis of imported cases from 2007 to 2022
Authors: Garcia Klauss Kleydmann Sabino , Laporta Gabriel Z. , Soremekun Seyi , Bottomley Christian , Abrahão Amanda Amaral , Moresco Gilberto Gilmar , Drakeley Chris , Costa Anielle de Pina , Siqueira André M.
Published: October 2024

Malaria is a global health challenge, and international efforts are underway to alleviate its impact by 2035. Within the 249 million global cases, 0.6 million occur in the Americas, mainly in Venezuela, Brazil, and Colombia. Considering Brazil’s geographical proximity to malaria-endemic countries in South America, this study objective is to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and time trends of imported malaria cases in Brazil from 2007 to 2022, discussing their influence on the elimination process. This is an ecological time-series study that analyses malaria imported cases (infected in other countries) notified in Brazil, from 2007 to 2022. Brazil’s Ministry of Health data were used. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyze sociodemographic and spatial patterns, while the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on imported malaria trends was assessed using Prais-Winsten regression methods. In the study period there was a total of 109,914 imported cases (2.6% of Brazil’s total malaria burden). There was an annual reduction of 515.3 cases (p = 0.001) prior to the Covid-19 pandemic. During the pandemics there was an overall reduction of -3,301.8 cases (p = 0.001). In the Amazon regionP.vivaximported infections predominated, whereas in the extra-Amazon regionP.falciparumimported infections were more prevalent. Most imported cases were males (67.8%), of Black ethnicity (47.5%), with incomplete primary education (45.1%), aged 20–39 (61.1%), and primarily gold miners (54.0%). Most cases are from French Guiana (31.7%), Venezuela (30.0%), and Guyana (17.9%). African nations, notably Angola and Nigeria, were primary sources of imported cases to the extra-Amazon region. The imported cases flux, predominantly from Latin America, threatens Brazil’s elimination goals by potentially reintroducing the disease into previously cleared areas and sustaining the transmission in endemic areas. Strengthening epidemiological surveillance at the borders and fostering international cooperation are imperative steps in addressing this challenge.
DR-GPT: A large language model for medical report analysis of diabetic retinopathy patients
Authors: Jaskari Joel , Sahlsten Jaakko , Summanen Paula , Moilanen Jukka , Lehtola Erika , Aho Marjo , Säpyskä Elina , Hietala Kustaa , Kaski Kimmo
Published: October 2024

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a sight-threatening condition caused by diabetes. Screening programmes for DR include eye examinations, where the patient’s fundi are photographed, and the findings, including DR severity, are recorded in the medical report. However, statistical analyses based on DR severity require structured labels that calls for laborious manual annotation process if the report format is unstructured. In this work, we propose a large language model DR-GPT for classification of the DR severity from unstructured medical reports. On a clinical set of medical reports, DR-GPT reaches 0.975 quadratic weighted Cohen’s kappa using truncated Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study scale. When DR-GPT annotations for unlabeled data are paired with corresponding fundus images, the additional data improves image classifier performance with statistical significance. Our analysis shows that large language models can be applied for unstructured medical report databases to classify diabetic retinopathy with a variety of applications.
Analysis of the association between different domains and intensities of physical activity in adults: An observational and cross-sectional study
Authors: Christofaro Diego G. D. , Tebar William R. , Ferrari Gerson , dos Santos Amanda B. , Sasaki Jeffer E. , Ritti-Dias Raphael M. , Cucato Gabriel G.
Published: October 2024

Background and objective

To analyze the association between different domains and intensities of physical activity (PA) in adults.

Methods

269 participants were randomly selected in a community-dwelling representative sampling process. The habitual PA practice was assessed in different domains (occupational, sports practice, and leisure time/commuting) using Baecke’s questionnaire and in different intensities (light, moderate, vigorous, and very vigorous) by accelerometry. Linear regression models analyzed the association between variables.

Results

Moderate and moderate-to-vigorous PA was positively associated with the three PA domain scores. Vigorous PA was associated with sports practice and leisure time/commuting PA. Only sports practice was associated with very vigorous-intensity PA (β = 1.32; 95% CI = 0.29; 2.35). Different associations were observed in stratified analyses according to sex and age groups. Men and younger participants showed an association of domain scores with higher intensity PA than their counterparts.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that higher intensities of PA were observed primarily in leisure time/commuting PA and sports practice, and this association varied according to sex and age.
Community perception towards mental illness and help-seeking intention in Southwest Ethiopian Peoples Regional State
Authors: Getachew Dawit , Mesafint Gebremeskel , Solomon Nahom , Yenealem Kidus , Muche Zenebu , Demelash Sewagegn
Published: October 2024

Background

Community perception of mental illness is a collective belief system and attitude about mental disorders; it affects the availability of services, the level of stigma, and the help-seeking intention. This study assessed community perceptions towards mental illness and help-seeking intentions in Southwest Ethiopia.

Methods and material

A community-based analytical cross-sectional study was done in Southwest Ethiopian People’s Regional State (SWEPRS), from March 1st to June 30th, 2021. All adult individuals >18 years old living in the region were the source population, while all adult >18 years old living in the selected household were the study population. The calculated sample size was 1028. Participants were selected using a multistage sampling technique. A structured, interview-based questionnaire was used to collect the data. The data were entered into Epidata Manager and exported to SPSS for analysis.

Result

The response rate for this study was 95.4%. The prevalence of poor perception and unfavorable help-seeking intention of mental illness were 45.8%, 95% CI (42.6, 48.9), and 49.5%, 95% CI (46.4, 52.7) respectively. Being rural [AOR = 1.94 (95% CI:(1.41, 2.66)]c, lack of information [AOR = 4.82(95% CI: (3.39,6.83)], exposure to mental illness [AOR = 4.11(95% CI:(2.64,6.38)] were significantly associated with poor perception of mental illness. Also, gating mental illness information [AOR = 0.40 (95% CI: (0.19, 0.83)], and being exposed to mental illness [AOR = 0.56 (95% CI: (0.41, 0.79)] were significantly associated with unfavorable help-seeking intentions for mental illness.

Conclusion

The high prevalence of poor perceptions and unfavorable help-seeking intentions for mental illness can be minimized through providing tailored information regarding the cause, type, and severity of the problem, particularly in the rural areas.
Spatial variability of sedimentary assemblages reflects variations in bioerosion pressure of adjacent coral reefs
Authors: Rodriguez-Ruano Victor , Aronson Richard B. , Alvarez-Filip Lorenzo , Perez-Cervantes Esmeralda , Estrada-Saldivar Nuria , Precht William F.
Published: October 2024

The composition of coral-reef sediments is highly variable across space and time, and differences in the life histories of the dominant calcifying organisms on reefs contribute to the heterogeneity of reef sediments. Previous studies have suggested that variations in coral-reef bioerosion can influence spatial and temporal variations of sedimentary assemblages: elevated erosion rates of dead coral skeletons can trigger a pulse of coral-derived sediments and cause a shift in the dominance of sedimentary grains from coralline algae, such as Halimeda, to coral. We assessed the variability of the sedimentary composition and bioerosion rates of reefs at different spatial scales to determine the association between these two variables. We surveyed the benthic assemblages on reefs exhibiting different ecological states and collected samples of the associated sediments. We calculated the carbonate budget for each site and compared their variability at different hierarchical levels to the variability of their respective sedimentary assemblages. At the scale of sites (1–10 km), Halimeda cover was a significant predictor of the relative abundance of Halimeda grains. Both the relative abundance of coral grains and reef bioerosion rates varied significantly at the scale of locality (tens to hundreds of km), with high abundances of coral grains in the sediments coinciding with high rates of bioerosion. The main drivers of bioerosion at our localities were parrotfish assemblages dominated by large size classes of excavating species such as Sparisoma viride. Reef sediments may reflect the gross degree of bioerosion pressure that reefs experience, and historical changes in bioerosion rates could potentially be assessed by examining the sediments across temporal scales.
Optimization of individualized faricimab dosing for patients with diabetic macular edema: Protocol for the SWAN open-label, single-arm clinical trial
Authors: Hirano Takao , Murata Toshinori , Nakao Shintaro , Shimura Masahiko , Nozaki Miho , Suzuma Kiyoshi , Nagaoka Taiji , Sugimoto Masahiko , Takamura Yoshihiro , Murakami Tomoaki , Iwasaki Keisuke , Tsujimura Jun , Yoshida Shigeo
Published: October 2024

Purpose

In patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) from YOSEMITE/RHINE, dual angiopoietin-2/vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) inhibition with faricimab resulted in visual/anatomic improvements with extended dosing. The SWAN trial (jRCTs031230213) will assess the efficacy, durability, and safety of faricimab during the treatment maintenance phase in patients with DME using a treat-and-extend (T&E)-based regimen adapted to clinical practice and the characteristics of patients achieving extended dosing intervals.

Methods

SWAN is a 2-year, open-label, single-arm, interventional, multicenter trial enrolling adults with center-involving DME. All patients will receive three initial faricimab 6.0 mg doses every 4 weeks (Q4W). From week 12 onwards, in patients without active DME, dosing intervals will be extended in 8-week increments up to Q24W. In contrast, patients with active DME (central subfield thickness [CST] >325 μm and intraretinal fluid [IRF] or subretinal fluid [SRF] resulting in vision loss/disease aggravation) will receive a dose within a day and the dosing interval will be shortened by 4 weeks to a minimum of Q8W relative to the previous dosing interval. Recruitment commenced in August 2023 across a planned 16 sites in Japan.

Results

The primary endpoint is change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) from baseline at 1 year (averaged over weeks 52, 56, and 60). Key secondary endpoints include: change from baseline in BCVA, CST, and National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire scores over time; proportion of patients with BCVA (decimal visual acuity) ≥0.5, ≥0.7, ≥1.0, or ≤0.1; proportion of patients with absence of DME, and IRF and/or SRF over time. Safety endpoints include incidence/severity of ocular/nonocular adverse events.

Conclusions

The SWAN trial is expected to provide evidence to support individualized faricimab dosing regimens, with the potential to reduce the burden of frequent treatments on patients, caregivers, and healthcare systems.
Equity in wastewater monitoring: Differences in the demographics and social vulnerability of sewered and unsewered populations across North Carolina
Authors: Reckling Stacie K. , Hu Xindi C. , Keshaviah Aparna
Published: October 2024

Wastewater monitoring is a valuable public health tool that can track a variety of health markers. The strong correlations between trends in wastewater viral concentrations and county-level COVID-19 case counts point to the ability of wastewater data to represent changes in a community’s disease burden. However, studies are lacking on whether the populations sampled through wastewater monitoring represent the characteristics of the broader community and the implications on health equity. We conducted a geospatial analysis to examine the extent to which populations contributing to wastewater collected through the North Carolina Wastewater Monitoring Network as of June 2022 represent the broader countywide and statewide populations. After intersecting sewershed boundary polygons for 38 wastewater treatment plants across 18 counties with census block and tract polygons, we compared the demographics and social vulnerability of (1) people residing in monitored sewersheds with countywide and statewide populations, and (2) sewered residents, regardless of inclusion in wastewater monitoring, with unsewered residents. We flagged as meaningful any differences greater than +/- 5 percentage points or 5 percent (for categorical and continuous variables, respectively) and noted statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). We found that residents within monitored sewersheds largely resembled the broader community on most variables analyzed, with only a few exceptions. We also observed that when multiple sewersheds were monitored within a county, their combined service populations resembled the county population, although individual sewershed and county populations sometimes differed. When we contrasted sewered and unsewered populations within a given county, we found that sewered populations were more vulnerable than unsewered populations, suggesting that wastewater monitoring may fill in the data gaps needed to improve health equity. The approach we present here can be used to characterize sewershed populations nationwide to ensure that wastewater monitoring is implemented in a manner that informs equitable public health decision-making.
The ethnomycological knowledge of Karajá indigenous people from Bananal Island, Brazil
Authors: Reis Mazulkieliche Jeronimo dos , Leonardo-Silva Lucas , Xavier-Santos Solange
Published: October 2024

The Cerrado is home to a diversity of traditional communities, among which indigenous and quilombola peoples stand out. The Karajá are one of the ethnic groups in this biome, with a rich history and culture that goes back centuries. They mainly inhabit the regions of the Araguaia and Javaés rivers, occupying lands in the states of Goiás, Mato Grosso, Pará and Tocantins. Considering the importance of studies on ethnomycological knowledge in indigenous communities for preserving culture and the environment, especially in relation to fungi, our objective was to investigate the ethnomycological relationships of the Karajá indigenous people who inhabit Bananal Island, located in Tocantins. Data were collected from applying a semi-structured questionnaire and interviews with 140 people who compose the Macaúba (39%), Fontoura (31%) and Santa Isabel do Morro (30%) communities; they had an average age of 33.9 years, and 62% are male. We observed that the Karajá people recognize the fungi of the environment in which they live, showing a clearer perception of typical morphological groups, such as mushrooms and bracket fungi (wood ears). Although fungi are not used as a component of their diet, the Karajá recognize that some species may have this potential. Furthermore, they use fungi as adornments and decorations in festivities in a playful way, and occasionally for medicinal purposes. Therefore, we can state that this ethnic group does not have a total aversion to fungi, being considered partially mycophilic. This study is a pioneer among Cerrado indigenous people, and reinforces the need to expand research to other communities in different regions in order to expand ethnomycological knowledge among different ethnicities. These investigations could contribute to both an appreciation and conservation of the traditions and knowledge of original Brazilian people, as well as the biodiversity in which they are inserted.
Multi-feature fusion based face forgery detection with local and global characteristics
Authors: Ding Yuanqing , Bu Fanliang , Zhai Hanming , Hou Zhiwen , Wang Yifan
Published: October 2024

The malicious use of deepfake videos seriously affects information security and brings great harm to society. Currently, deepfake videos are mainly generated based on deep learning methods, which are difficult to be recognized by the naked eye, therefore, it is of great significance to study accurate and efficient deepfake video detection techniques. Most of the existing detection methods focus on analyzing the discriminative information in a specific feature domain for classification from a local or global perspective. Such detection methods based on a single type feature have certain limitations in practical applications. In this paper, we propose a deepfake detection method with the ability to comprehensively analyze the forgery face features, which integrates features in the space domain, noise domain, and frequency domain, and uses the Inception Transformer to learn the mix of global and local information dynamically. We evaluate the proposed method on the DFDC, Celeb-DF, and FaceForensic++ benchmark datasets. Extensive experiments verify the effectiveness and good generalization of the proposed method. Compared with the optimal model, the proposed method with a small number of parameters does not use pre-training, distillation, or assembly, but still achieves competitive performance. The ablation experiments evaluate the role of each component.
CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in induced pluripotent stem cells to investigate the feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy causing MYBPC3/R820W mutation
Authors: Dutton Luke C. , Dudhia Jayesh , Guest Deborah J. , Connolly David J.
Published: October 2024

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common heart disease in domestic cats, often leading to congestive heart failure and death, with current treatment strategies unable to reverse or prevent progression of the disease. The underlying pathological processes driving HCM remain unclear, which hinders novel drug discovery. The aim of this study was to generate a cellular model of the feline HCM-causing MYBPC3 mutation R820W. Using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing we introduced the R820W mutation into a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line. We differentiated both homozygous mutant clones and isogenic control clones to cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs). Protein quantification indicated that haploinsufficiency is not the disease mechanism of the mutation. Homozygous mutant iPSC-CMs had a larger cell area than isogenic controls, with the sarcomere structure and incorporation of cMyBP-C appearing similar between mutant and control iPSC-CMs. Contraction kinetic analysis indicated that homozygous iPSC-CMs have impaired relaxation and are hypocontractile compared to isogenic control iPSC-CMs. In summary, we demonstrate successful generation of an iPSC model of a feline MYBPC3 mutation, with the cellular model recapitulating aspects of HCM including cellular hypertrophy and impaired relaxation kinetics. We anticipate that further study of this model will lead to improved understanding of the disease-causing molecular mechanism, ultimately leading to novel drug discovery.
“Using the right tools and addressing the right issue”: A qualitative exploration to support better care for intimate partner violence, brain injury, and mental health
Authors: Toccalino Danielle , Haag Halina (Lin) , Nalder Emily , Chan Vincy , Moore Amy , Wickens Christine M. , Colantonio Angela
Published: October 2024

Background

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global public health crisis. Often repetitive and occurring over prolonged periods of time, IPV puts survivors at high risk of brain injury (BI). Mental health concerns are highly prevalent both among individuals who have experienced IPV and those who have experienced BI, yet the interrelatedness and complexity of these three challenges when experienced together is poorly understood. This qualitative study explored care provision for IPV survivors with BI (IPV-BI) and mental health concerns from the perspectives of both survivors and providers.

Methods

This qualitative interpretive description study was part of a broader research project exploring employment, mental health, and COVID-19 implications for survivors of IPV-BI. Participants (N = 24), including survivors and service providers, participated in semi-structured group and individual interviews between October 2020 and February 2021. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and thematically analyzed.

Findings

Four themes were developed from interview findings: 1) identifying BI and mental health as contributing components to survivors’ experiences is critical to getting appropriate care; 2) supporting survivors involves a “toolbox full of strategies” and a flexible approach; 3) connecting and collaborating across sectors is key; and 4) underfunding and systemic barriers hinder access to care. Finally, we share recommendations from participants to better support IPV survivors.

Conclusions

Identifying both BI and mental health concerns among IPV survivors is critical to providing appropriate supports. Survivors of IPV experiencing BI and mental health concerns benefit from a flexible and collaborative approach to care; health and social care systems should be set up to support these collaborative approaches.
Evaluating the validity and reliability of the Tswana adaptation of the MOS-HIV tool for health-related quality of life among HIV Sub-populations in Botswana: A study protocol
Authors: Molefi Mooketsi , Oladimeji Olanrewaju
Published: October 2024

The lack of culturally and contextually appropriate adaptations of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) tools hinders HIV patient outcomes. This study aims to assess the validity and reliability of a Tswana version of the Medical Outcome Survey-HIV (MOS-HIV) tool among diverse HIV sub-populations in Botswana. In terms of the methodology the study will comprise of several steps. Firstly, forward and back-translation of the original U.S. English MOS-HIV tool into Setswana, followed by the review of the translated tool. Phase 1 will evaluate content, construct validity, and reliability of the newly developed tool among HIV outpatients at Gaborone Infectious Diseases Clinics (IDCC). A Cronbach’s alpha coefficient >0.7 across the 35 items and 11 dimensions of the MOS-HIV tool will indicate internal consistency reliability. Phase 2 will employ the use of logistic regression models to identify predictors of poor HRQoL among randomly selected IDCC sites, both in urban and rural centers. Phase 3 will investigate predictors of poor HRQoL among inpatients receiving treatment for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis (CM) using longitudinal data analysis methods. Ethical approval has been obtained from the University of Botswana, Walter Sisulu University, Human Research and Development Unit, Ministry of Health, and Princess Marina Hospital. Prospective participants will provide written informed consent, with proxy consent explored when feasible. Voluntary participation and confidentiality will be ensured during data collection and analysis. Data will be securely stored under lock-and-key. Dissemination of study findings will adhere to strict privacy protocols, avoiding the sharing of personal identifiers.
Environmental predictors impact microbial-based postmortem interval (PMI) estimation models within human decomposition soils
Authors: Mason Allison R. , McKee-Zech Hayden S. , Steadman Dawnie W. , DeBruyn Jennifer M.
Published: October 2024

Microbial succession has been suggested to supplement established postmortem interval (PMI) estimation methods for human remains. Due to limitations of entomological and morphological PMI methods, microbes are an intriguing target for forensic applications as they are present at all stages of decomposition. Previous machine learning models from soil necrobiome data have produced PMI error rates from two and a half to six days; however, these models are built solely on amplicon sequencing of biomarkers (e.g., 16S, 18S rRNA genes) and do not consider environmental factors that influence the presence and abundance of microbial decomposers. This study builds upon current research by evaluating the inclusion of environmental data on microbial-based PMI estimates from decomposition soil samples. Random forest regression models were built to predict PMI using relative taxon abundances obtained from different biological markers (bacterial 16S, fungal ITS, 16S-ITS combined) and taxonomic levels (phylum, class, order, OTU), both with and without environmental predictors (ambient temperature, soil pH, soil conductivity, and enzyme activities) from 19 deceased human individuals that decomposed on the soil surface (Tennessee, USA). Model performance was evaluated by calculating the mean absolute error (MAE). MAE ranged from 804 to 997 accumulated degree hours (ADH) across all models. 16S models outperformed ITS models (p = 0.006), while combining 16S and ITS did not improve upon 16S models alone (p = 0.47). Inclusion of environmental data in PMI prediction models had varied effects on MAE depending on the biological marker and taxonomic level conserved. Specifically, inclusion of the measured environmental features reduced MAE for all ITS models, but improved 16S models at higher taxonomic levels (phylum and class). Overall, we demonstrated some level of predictability in soil microbial succession during human decomposition, however error rates were high when considering a moderate population of donors.
Precision and temporal dynamics in heading perception assessed by continuous psychophysics
Authors: Jörges Björn , Bansal Ambika , Harris Laurence R.
Published: October 2024

It is a well-established finding that more informative optic flow (e.g., faster, denser, or presented over a larger portion of the visual field) yields decreased variability in heading judgements. Current models of heading perception further predict faster processing under such circumstances, which has, however, not been supported empirically so far. In this study, we validate a novel continuous psychophysics paradigm by replicating the effect of the speed and density of optic flow on variability in performance, and we investigate how these manipulations affect the temporal dynamics. To this end, we tested 30 participants in a continuous psychophysics paradigm administered in Virtual Reality. We immersed them in a simple virtual environment where they experienced four 90-second blocks of optic flow where their linear heading direction (no simulated rotation) at any given moment was determined by a random walk. We asked them to continuously indicate with a joystick the direction in which they perceived themselves to be moving. In each of the four blocks they experienced a different combination of simulated self-motion speeds (SLOW and FAST) and density of optic flow (SPARSE and DENSE). Using a Cross-Correlogram Analysis, we determined that participants reacted faster and displayed lower variability in their performance in the FAST and DENSE conditions than in the SLOW and SPARSE conditions, respectively. Using a Kalman Filter-based analysis approach, we found a similar pattern, where the fitted perceptual noise parameters were higher for SLOW and SPARSE. While replicating previous results on variability, we show that more informative optic flow can speed up heading judgements, while at the same time validating a continuous psychophysics as an efficient method for studying heading perception.
Sobre la instrumentalidad del Análisis Crítico del Discurso para los Estudios Culturales: la construcción discursiva de la “neomasculinidad”
Authors: Gregorio Godeo Eduardo de
Published: October 2024

A pesar de que la noción de “discurso” resulta hoy central para los Estudios Culturales, con frecuencia su tratamiento se ha conceptualizado en términos harto abstractos, de modo que, desde este campo, apenas se ha acometido la tarea de desentrañar —mediante exámenes textuales detallados de discursos concretos— de qué modo contribuyen las prácticas lingüístico-discursivas a la configuración de los fenómenos y procesos culturales. Partiendo de un área de destacado interés de los Estudios Culturales como es la construcción de posiciones de sujeto en los discursos, este trabajo da cuenta del papel que el Análisis Crítico del Discurso (ACD) puede jugar como recurso de trabajo para los Estudios Culturales. Analizadas las coincidencias entre los Estudios Culturales y el ACD, examinamos una selección de muestras textuales que, en orden a arrojar luz sobre esta instrumentalidad, explora la construcción discursiva de una posición de sujeto —o imagen de lo masculino— como es la llamada “neomasculinidad” en un vehículo de la cultura popular británica contemporánea cuales son los consultorios de la nueva generación de revistas para hombres. El análisis corrobora la validez de enfoques de ACD como el de Fairclough para el examen de los procesos de construcción de identidades en el discurso periodístico.
Hacer que la psicología sea relevante
Authors: Potter Jonathan , Lopera Moreno Jenniffer
Published: October 2024

Este artículo describe algunas características fundamentales del enfoque psicológico al discurso. En particular, la psicología discursiva está analíticamente enfocada a la forma en la que los fenómenos psicológicos pueden considerarse como fenómenos prácticos, responsables, personificados, encarnados y expuestos. Este artículo describe la versión particular del constructivismo que establece la psicología discursiva y su enfoque distintivo a la cognición como puntos de contraste en un rango de perspectivas distintas que incluyen el análisis crítico del discurso, la sociolingüística, la etno-metodología y el análisis conversacional. Por último este artículo describe tres áreas en las que la psicología discursiva está relacionada con la crítica social: el trabajo sobre categorías y prejuicios, algunos aspectos relacionados con el cognitivismo y sus problemas y el trabajo que intenta desarrollar una psicología discursiva en las instituciones.
Personas en situación de calle en Santiago de Chile: Identidad y futuro
Authors: Montecino Soto Lésmer
Published: October 2024

En este artículo, el autor se propone dar cuenta de las representaciones discursivas de personas en situación de calle de Santiago de Chile, en especial, de la construcción del futuro, en el marco del Análisis Crítico del Discurso. El texto expone el resultado de una investigación en curso –Proyecto FONDECYT 1071094– que involucra un corpus de entrevistas de las cuales se recortan once historias de vida de hombres elicitadas en el Hogar de Cristo en el año 2005 y otras nueve en el comedor abierto Vivaceta de la Fundación Las Rosas en 2007, con una metodología cualitativa. Para el análisis, se utiliza el método diacrónico sincrónico (Pardo, 2007) que permite extraer de emisiones concretas la categoría de futuro y sistematizar tanto lo gramatical como lo semántico, con el fin de facilitar la interpretación de las representaciones discursivas que construyen los hablantes respecto de temas como la familia, el trabajo, la calle, el alcoholismo, las drogas, etc. y, en especial, el quiebre discursivo.
El modelo contextual didáctico en el discurso divulgativo de Análisis Sensorial de los Vinos (ASV) en soporte web
Authors: Bosio Iris Viviana
Published: October 2024

Este artículo sigue el Análisis del Discurso como línea general de investigación y se inscribe particularmente en los estudios sobre Discurso Especializado. Sus objetivos son identificar estrategias actualizadoras del modelo contextual didáctico en el discurso divulgativo de ASV en soporte web, caracterizarlas y determinar tendencias de realización. El trabajo se fundamenta en la necesidad de especificidad en el estudio del discurso divulgativo, generalmente considerado homogéneo, cuando en realidad es heterogéneo. Así, se ha seleccionado el dominio del ASV por su auge sociocultural actual y por la carencia de estudios lingüísticos acerca del carácter didáctico de su divulgación. Además, el vuelco masivo hacia Internet como fuente de información justifica considerar este entorno en la formación de corpora, para lograr una descripción más precisa de las prácticas didáctico-divulgativas actuales. La metodología es cualitativa con complemento cuantitativo para la determinación de tendencias de realización de las variables cualitativas. Los resultados sugieren que el modelo contextual didáctico subyacente al discurso divulgativo de ASV en soporte web se actualiza en tres construcciones lingüístico-discursivas dominantes: el enunciador experto, el enunciatario lego y la inclusión del lego a la comunidad especializada, todas reforzadas por recursos para/hipertextuales.
El Mundial de Fútbol 2006 y la Selección Ecuatoriana. Discurso de Alteridad en la Internet y en la Prensa
Authors: Rahier Jean Muteba
Published: October 2024

La serie de comentarios que siguieron la buena prestación del equipo (casi enteramente negro) ecuatoriano de fútbol al Mundial del año 2006 resaltó que la exclusión/inclusión de lo negro dentro de la identidad nacional ecuatoriana continua de ser ambigua, a pesar del giro multicultural oficializado con la adopción de la Constitución del Estado del 1998. Un análisis detallado de los comentarios publicados en la prensa y en la Internet revela las estrategias adoptadas por algunos, entre las elites ecuatorianas blancas y blanco-mestizas, de restar importancia al impacto del éxito de los jugadores negros, con el objetivo de limitar la posible desestabilización de normas sociales y de contrarrestar cualquier amenaza a conceptos y prácticas hegemónicos de identidad nacional.