bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Successful term delivery of spontaneous twin pregnancy in a woman with bicorporeal septate uterus: A case report
Authors: Li Yanfang , Yang Lilin , Tian Yuanyuan , Li Daocheng , Luo Songping
Published: April 2016

Herein, we report the first case of successful term delivery of twins in a patient with bicorporeal septate uterus via natural conception. The patient had been diagnosed with complete septate, didelphys and bicornuate uterus during different phases of her three pregnancies. Based on follow‐up data at six weeks and then six months post‐partum of the last pregnancy, we found that the abnormalities presented in our case did not fit the criteria of any categories following American Fertility Society and European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology–European Society for Gynaecological Endoscopy classification systems. After comprehensive review of the uterine morphologic characteristics, embryology and pregnancy outcome, we considered ‘bicorporeal septate uterus’ the most appropriate diagnosis. This case emphasized the atypical changes of uterine shape as twin pregnancy advances and its influence on productive performance and pregnancy outcome in uterine malformation. It also raised concern regarding the usability and comprehensiveness of the two most popular classification systems.
The effect of denture installation at mandibular rest position on unsteady motion of the centre of pressure in postural sway
Authors: Yoshino N. , Nozaki K. , Maeda Y.
Published: April 2016

Wearing dentures has been believed to decrease the instability of the postural sway using the total length of centre of pressure (CoP) trajectory or the magnitude of its variability. However, the physical aspects of the postural sway have not been taken into account while evaluating the CoP in patients who wear dentures. The CoP fluctuations are found to show a random walk process. Therefore, changes in the random movement of CoP caused by wearing dentures should be examined by nonlinear dynamics that enables analysis of the characteristics found in the random movement. We evaluated the effect of complete denture installation on CoP sway for twenty‐six edentulous patients by performing the following steps. First, we excluded subjects who did not show crossover in spectral analyses. Then, we evaluated the spectral characteristics and phase shifts of the velocities of CoP sway for the subjects who showed crossover. We found that wearing complete dentures decreased the fluctuations in the high‐frequency part of the power spectral density (PSD) and the phase shift in the mediolateral direction. On the other hand, we also found that the use of complete dentures decreased the fluctuations of PSD amplitude in the anteroposterior direction. From the point of view of the kinetic energy of the musculoskeletal system, we suggested that the use of complete dentures could reduce the energy consumption for the standing posture.
Maximum bite force at age 70 years predicts all‐cause mortality during the following 13 years in Japanese men
Authors: Iwasaki M. , Yoshihara A. , Sato N. , Sato M. , Taylor G. W. , Ansai T. , Ono T. , Miyazaki H.
Published: April 2016

There is limited information on the impact of oral function on mortality among older adults. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to examine whether an objective measure of oral function, maximum bite force (MBF), is associated with mortality in older adults during a 13‐year follow‐up period. Five hundred and fifty‐nine community‐dwelling Japanese (282 men and 277 women) aged 70 years at baseline were included in the study. Medical and dental examinations and a questionnaire survey were conducted at baseline. Maximum bite force was measured using an electronic recording device (Occlusal Force‐Meter GM10). Follow‐up investigation to ascertain vital status was conducted 13 years after baseline examinations. Survival rates among MBF tertiles were compared using Cox proportional hazards regression models stratified by sex. There were a total of 111 deaths (82 events for men and 29 for women). Univariable analysis revealed that male participants in the lower MBF tertile had increased risk of all‐cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR) = 1·94, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1·13–3·34] compared with those in the upper MBF tertile. This association remained significant after adjustment for confounders (adjusted HR = 1·84, 95% CI = 1·07–3·19). Conversely, no association between MBF and all‐cause mortality was observed in female participants. Maximum bite force was independently associated with all‐cause mortality in older Japanese male adults. These data provide additional evidence for the association between oral function and geriatric health.
Association between lipoxin A4 and interleukin‐12 in gingival crevicular fluid: a preliminary investigation
Authors: Tarannum F. , Faizuddin M.
Published: April 2016

Background and Objective

The balance between host proinflammatory and anti‐inflammatory immune responses is a key determinant for the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. This study aimed to explore the possibility of an association between lipoxin A4 and interleukin‐12 in chronic periodontitis.

Material and Methods

Forty‐five patients with chronic periodontitis and 45 periodontally healthy patients were included in this case–control study. Plaque index, calculus index, gingival index, sulcus bleeding index, full‐mouth probing depth and clinical attachment loss were recorded. Gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected and analysed for interleukin‐12 and lipoxin A4 using ELISA.

Results

The mean concentration of lipoxin A4 was lower in the periodontitis group compared with the periodontally healthy group. There was a negative correlation between interleukin‐12 and lipoxin A4 in both groups. There was a negative correlation between clinical attachment loss and lipoxin A4, and a positive correlation between clinical attachment loss and interleukin‐12. However, the correlations were statistically insignificant.

Conclusions

The mean interleukin‐12 concentration was significantly higher in gingival crevicular fluid from patients with periodontitis than in that from with healthy patients, and the mean lipoxin A4 concentration was lower in patients with periodontitis than in healthy patients. Lipoxin A4 possibly has an inhibitory effect on interleukin‐12.
The bile acid deoxycholate elicits defences in Arabidopsis and reduces bacterial infection
Authors: Zarattini Marco , Launay Alban , Farjad Mahsa , Wénès Estelle , Taconnat Ludivine , Boutet Stéphanie , Bernacchia Giovanni , Fagard Mathilde
Published: April 2016

Disease has an effect on crop yields, causing significant losses. As the worldwide demand for agricultural products increases, there is a need to pursue the development of new methods to protect crops from disease. One mechanism of plant protection is through the activation of the plant immune system. By exogenous application, ‘plant activator molecules’ with elicitor properties can be used to activate the plant immune system. These defence‐inducing molecules represent a powerful and often environmentally friendly tool to fight pathogens. We show that the secondary bile acid deoxycholic acid (DCA) induces defence in Arabidopsis and reduces the proliferation of two bacterial phytopathogens: Erwinia amylovora and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. We describe the global defence response triggered by this new plant activator in Arabidopsis at the transcriptional level. Several induced genes were selected for further analysis by quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. We describe the kinetics of their induction and show that abiotic stress, such as moderate drought or nitrogen limitation, does not impede DCA induction of defence. Finally, we investigate the role in the activation of defence by this bile acid of the salicylic acid biosynthesis gene SID2, of the receptor‐like kinase family genes WAK1–3 and of the NADPH oxidase‐encoding RbohD gene. Altogether, we show that DCA constitutes a promising molecule for plant protection which can induce complementary lines of defence, such as callose deposition, reactive oxygen species accumulation and the jasmonic acid and salicylic acid signalling pathways.
Total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation versus subtotal parathyroidectomy for renal hyperparathyroidism: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Juan , Jia Xiaoyan , Kong Xianglei , Wang Zunsong , Cui Meiyu , Xu Dongmei
Published: April 2016

Aim

Total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation (TPTX + AT) and subtotal parathyroidectomy (SPTX) have been recommended to patients with renal hyperparathyroidism (RHPT).But which one is the best surgical method remains controversial. The aim of the present study was to compare the two surgical procedures with respect to long‐term outcomes.

Methods

A literature search was undertaken using Medline, EMBASE, CNKI and CBM from inception to May 2015. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. Data were analyzed using Review Manager version 5.1.0.

Results

A total of 13 studies comprising 1589 patients with renal failure were identified. There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of symptomatic improvement (OR 0.77; 95%CI 0.22 to 2.69; P = 0.68), radiological success (OR 0.17; 95%CI 0.02 to 1.56; P = 0.90), hyperparathyroidism recurrence or persistence (OR 1.31; 95%CI 0.65 to 2.65; P = 0.45) and reoperation (OR 1.55; 95%CI 0.62 to 3.86; P = 0.35) between TPTX + AT and SPTX. The effects on serum calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were similar between two surgical protocols.

Conclusion

Both the TPTX + AT and SPTX were effective in treating RHPT and preventing recurrence. The difference between the two surgeries in recurrence or persistence and reoperation rate was insignificant. Further prospective, randomized controlled trials with high statistic power are necessary to comparative the two surgeries on the long term safety.
Dextrose‐containing intraoperative fluid in neonates: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Datta Priyankar K. , Pawar Dilip K. , Baidya Dalim K. , Maitra Souvik , Aravindan Ajisha , Srinivas Maddur , Lakshmy Ramakrishnan , Gupta Nandita , Bajpai Minu , Bhatnagar Veereshwar , Agarwala Sandeep
Published: April 2016

Background

Glucose requirement in neonates during surgery and the impact of glucose supplementation on neonatal metabolism remain unclear.

Aim

This study was designed to identify an appropriate perioperative fluid regimen in neonates which maintains carbohydrate and lipid homeostasis.

Methods

Forty‐five neonates undergoing primary repair of a trachea‐esophageal fistula were randomly allocated into three groups. During surgery, the neonates received either 1% dextrose in Ringer lactate (RL) (group D1) at 10 ml·kg−1·h−1, or 2% dextrose in RL (group D2) at 10 ml·kg−1·h−1, or 10% dextrose in N/5 saline at 4 ml·kg−1·h−1 and replacement fluid with 6 ml·kg−1·h−1 of RL (group D4). Glucose homeostasis, electrolyte balance, acid–base status, and endocrine and metabolic parameters were compared among the groups during the perioperative period.

Results

Blood glucose increased in all the three groups at the end of surgery, with no significant difference in blood glucose and incidence of hyperglycemia (BG > 150 mg·dl−1) among them. At 24 h after surgery, blood glucose and incidence of hyperglycemia was significantly higher in Group D1 compared to Group D4. Base excess, bicarbonate, lactate, and pH showed a significant fall in Group D1. There was no significant difference in serum‐free fatty acids, serum beta‐hydroxy butyrate, and serum cortisol in three groups. At the end of surgery, serum insulin was significantly lower and glucagon : insulin (G : I) ratio was higher in Group D1 compared to Group D4.

Conclusions

All three solutions, when infused at 10 ml·kg−1·h−1, are equally effective in maintaining glucose homeostasis, but 1% dextrose‐containing fluid promotes catabolism, insulin resistance, rebound hyperglycemia, and acidosis. Therefore, 2–4% dextrose‐containing fluids is more suitable compared to 1% dextrose‐containing fluids for use during major neonatal surgeries requiring average fluid infusion rate of 10 ml·kg−1·h−1.
A comparison of the Truview PCD and the GlideScope Cobalt AVL video‐laryngoscopes to the Miller blade for successfully intubating manikins simulating normal and difficult pediatric airways
Authors: Hippard Helena K. , Kalyani Govindan , Olutoye Olutoyin A. , Mann David G. , Watcha Mehernoor F.
Published: April 2016

Background

Video‐laryngoscopes provide better glottic visualization, but tracheal intubation times are longer, compared to conventional direct laryngoscopy in adult patients with normal airways. The objective of this randomized crossover study was to compare times to successful tracheal intubation with video‐laryngoscope and direct laryngoscopy in manikins simulating infants with normal and abnormal airways.

Methods

Thirty experienced pediatric anesthesia practitioners performed tracheal intubation in three distinct manikins simulating infants with (i) a normal airway (ii), an anterior larynx, and (iii) the Pierre Robin sequence anatomy. These were performed using a standard Miller #1 blade, the GlideScope Cobalt AVL, and the Truview PCD video‐laryngoscope, first in a normal neck and then an unstable cervical spine scenario (18 intubations/subject). The specific assigned order of devices and manikins for each participant was based on a three by three Latin square design to minimize carryover effects between the model and the device. Predefined times to intubation were analyzed by Cox regression model and Kaplan–Meier survival curves.

Results

Intubation times were shorter and success rates were higher with the Miller blade compared to either the GlideScope or the Truview videoscope in all three manikins in both scenarios, but did not differ between the GlideScope and the Truview devices. Improved intubation times and success rates in the unstable cervical spine scenario compared to the normal neck were attributed to learning effects with sequential intubation.

Conclusion

Higher success rates and shorter intubation times with the Miller blade compared to either video‐laryngoscope may reflect greater experience with direct laryngoscopy, need for more video‐laryngoscopy training, or result from the manikin design. Individual practitioners may differ in their preference of device for intubating a child with anticipated difficult airway based on their previous experiences, self‐assessment of their skills, and evaluation of the child's airway anatomy.
Short‐term sensorimotor‐based intervention for handwriting performance in elementary school children
Authors: Alhusaini Adel A , Melam Ganeswara Rao , Buragadda Syamala
Published: April 2016

Background

Handwriting problems in childhood can have lifelong repercussions, affecting learning and career. Sensorimotor intervention therefore helps to alleviate these problems.

Methods

Thirty‐one students (16 boys, 15 girls) underwent Minnesota Handwriting Assessment (MHA) to assess legibility, form, alignment, size, and spacing (the primary variables in this subject) as well as rate. Finally, 10 students (seven boys, three girls) aged 6–8 years (mean age, 77.1 ± 1.45 months) participated in an intervention program. Baseline MHA, Handwriting Proficiency Screening Questionnaire (HPSQ), and grip strength were measured. The same group of students acted as their own controls and were analyzed before the interventions and later after completion of the protocol.

Results

There was a significant improvement in MHA scores for legibility, form, alignment, size and spacing (P < 0.05), with the exception of rate. There were also significant changes in legibility, time performance and physical and emotional wellbeing domains in the HPSQ, and grip strength (P < 0.05, paired t‐test).

Conclusion

Short‐term sensorimotor‐based intervention produced significant improvements in the handwriting performance of elementary school children.
Disabled children's functionality and maternal quality of life and psychological status
Authors: Yıldız Aysel , Tarakcı Devrim , Hajebrahimi Farzin , Mutluay Fatma
Published: April 2016

Background

Physiotherapy is being provided for different disabled groups in pediatric rehabilitation centers. The quality of life (QOL) and psychological status of the mothers of these children is affecting their compliance in the rehabilitation period. The aim of this study was therefore to assess the relationship between disability level of individuals receiving rehabilitation and maternal QOL, psychological status and influencing factors.

Methods

One hundred and twenty‐six disabled children and their mothers were included in this cross‐sectional study. Demographic information was noted. Child motor level was assessed using the Gross Motor Function Classification System and the level of independency in activities of daily living (ADL) was assessed with the Katz ADL scale. Maternal QOL was assessed with the 36‐item Short Form (SF‐36), and psychological status with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). SPSS 18.0 was used to analyze data.

Results

Mean maternal age was 36.46 ± 7.2 years. Of the children, 67.5% had physical problems, 16.7% had mental problems, 7.9% had autism, 4.8% had hyperactivity, and 3.2% had hearing and speaking problems. Mild depression was detected in mothers (mean BDI score, 11.27 ± 8.1). There was no correlation between child disability level and maternal QOL and depression (P > 0.05). Maternal BDI score was negatively correlated with all SF‐36 subscale scores (P < 0.001 for all parameters).

Conclusion

The SF‐36 subscale scores of mothers of disabled children were decreased compared with Turkish community norms. Psychological support of mothers of children in the rehabilitation period may positively affect this period.
Antibody responses to surface antigens of Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte‐infected erythrocytes and their relation to gametocytaemia
Authors: Dinko B. , King E. , Targett G.A.T. , Sutherland C.J.
Published: April 2016

An essential element for continuing transmission of Plasmodium falciparum is the availability of mature gametocytes in human peripheral circulation for uptake by mosquitoes. Natural immune responses to circulating gametocytes may play a role in reducing transmission from humans to mosquitoes. Here, antibody recognition of the surface of mature intra‐erythrocytic gametocytes produced either by a laboratory‐adapted parasite, 3D7, or by a recent clinical isolate of Kenyan origin (HL1204), was evaluated longitudinally in a cohort of Ghanaian school children by flow cytometry. This showed that a proportion of children exhibited antibody responses that recognized gametocyte surface antigens on one or both parasite lines. A subset of the children maintained detectable anti‐gametocyte surface antigen (GSA) antibody levels during the 5 week study period. There was indicative evidence that children with anti‐GSA antibodies present at enrolment were less likely to have patent gametocytaemia at subsequent visits (odds ratio = 0·29, 95% CI 0·06–1·05; P = 0·034). Our data support the existence of antigens on the surface of gametocyte‐infected erythrocytes, but further studies are needed to confirm whether antibodies against them reduce gametocyte carriage. The identification of GSA would allow their evaluation as potential anti‐gametocyte vaccine candidates and/or biomarkers for gametocyte carriage.
In vivo and in vitro phagocytosis of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis promastigotes by B‐1 cells
Authors: Geraldo M. M. , Costa C. R. , Barbosa F. M. C. , Vivanco B. C. , Gonzaga W.F. K. M. , Novaes e Brito R. R. , Popi A. F. , Lopes J. D. , Xander P.
Published: April 2016

Leishmaniasis is caused by Leishmania parasites that infect several cell types. The promastigote stage of Leishmania is internalized by phagocytic cells and transformed into the obligate intracellular amastigote form. B‐1 cells are a subpopulation of B cells that are able to differentiate in vitro and in vivo into mononuclear phagocyte‐like cells with phagocytic properties. B‐1 cells use several receptors for phagocytosis, such as the mannose receptor and third complement receptor. Leishmania binds to the same receptors on macrophages. In this study, we demonstrated that phagocytes derived from B‐1 cells (B‐1 CDP) were able to internalize promastigotes of L. (L.) amazonensis in vitro. The internalized promastigotes differentiated into amastigotes. Our results showed that the phagocytic index was higher in B‐1 CDP compared to peritoneal macrophages and bone marrow‐derived macrophages. The in vivo phagocytic ability of B‐1 cells was also demonstrated. Parasites were detected inside purified B‐1 cells after intraperitoneal infection with L. (L.) amazonensis promastigotes. Intraperitoneal stimulation with the parasites led to an increase in both IL‐10 and TNF‐α. These results highlight the importance of studying B‐1 CDP cells as phagocytic cells that can participate and contribute to immunity to parasites.
Analyses of several seed viability markers in individual recalcitrant seeds of Eugenia stipitata McVaugh with totipotent germination
Authors: Calvi G. P. , Aud F. F. , Ferraz I. D. K. , Pritchard H. W. , Kranner I.
Published: April 2016

The use of biochemical seed viability markers is often compromised by the unknown partitioning of analytes in bulk seed lots consisting of inseparable populations of viable and nonviable seeds. We took advantage of an unusual morphological syndrome found in the recalcitrant, undifferentiated seeds of Eugenia stipitata: one seed can be cut into several parts, each of which can germinate and develop into seedlings. We used four seed parts from one individual seed to analyse seed moisture content (MC), seed viability and the antioxidant glutathione (γ‐glutamyl‐cysteinyl‐glycine; GSH), glutathione disulphide (GSSG) and intermediates of glutathione synthesis and breakdown. Seeds were exposed to different environmental MC to induce various levels of desiccation stress. Upon storage at high seed MC, seed viability was maintained, while GSH concentration increased and the glutathione half‐cell reduction potential (EGSSG/2GSH) was less negative than −215 mV, indicating GSH production and highly reducing conditions. Storage at low seed MC led to loss of GSH, resulting in a shift in EGSSG/2GSH, and seed death. In contrast, the cyst(e)ine half‐cell reduction potential (ECySS/2CYS) could not distinguish between the viability categories. Previous studies on seed populations revealed that the probability for a seed being alive is 50% at EGSSG/2GSH values between −180 and −160 mV. The single seed approach revealed that the window in which seed viability was lost could be slightly shifted towards more negative values. We discuss the contribution of cellular pH to EGSSG/2GSH and recommend E. stipitata as a recalcitrant seed model to study stress response on a single seed basis.
Body Mass Index Is an Important Predictor for Suicide: Results from a Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Perera Stefan , Eisen Rebecca B. , Dennis Brittany B. , Bawor Monica , Bhatt Meha , Bhatnagar Neera , Thabane Lehana , de Souza Russell , Samaan Zainab
Published: April 2016

Public health concerns for the independent management of obesity and suicidal behavior are rising. Emerging evidence suggests body weight plays an important role in quantifying the risk of suicide. In light of these findings, we aimed to clarify the association between body mass index (BMI) and suicidal behavior by systematically reviewing and evaluating the literature. Studies were identified by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL from inception to January 2015, supplemented by hand and grey literature searches. Study screening, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were conducted in duplicate. We included 38 observational studies. Meta‐analyses supported an inverse association between BMI and completed suicide. Pooled summary estimates demonstrated that underweight was significantly associated with an increased risk of completed suicide (HR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.36, p = .002), and obesity (HR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.89, p = .003) and overweight (HR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.82, p < .0001) were significantly associated with a decreased risk of completed suicide relative to normal weight. A qualitative summary of the literature demonstrated conflicting evidence regarding the association between BMI and attempted suicide and revealed no association between BMI and suicidal ideation. BMI may be used to aid the assessment of suicide risk, especially that of completed suicide. However, unmeasured confounders and systematic biases of individual studies limit the quality of evidence.
Effects of a Military Parenting Program on Parental Distress and Suicidal Ideation: After Deployment Adaptive Parenting Tools
Authors: Gewirtz Abigail H. , DeGarmo David S. , Zamir Osnat
Published: April 2016

Few studies have examined whether parenting prevention programs might mitigate risk for suicidality in parents, yet parent suicidality is a strong risk factor for offspring suicidality. We report results from a randomized controlled trial of a parenting program for deployed National Guard and Reserve families with a school‐aged child. Intent‐to‐treat analyses showed that random assignment to the parenting program (ADAPT) was associated with improved parenting locus of control (LOC). Improved parenting LOC was concurrently associated with strengthened emotion regulation which predicted reductions in psychological distress and suicidal ideation at 12 months postbaseline. Results are discussed in the context of ongoing efforts to reduce suicide rates in military populations.
Prevention Programs to Augment Family and Child Resilience Can Have Lasting Effects on Suicidal Risk
Authors: Brent David
Published: April 2016

In this commentary, the effects of four family‐based preventive interventions designed to augment parent and child resilience, originally designed to prevent mental health and substance abuse, on suicide ideation and attempts are reviewed. Three of the preventive interventions showed a beneficial effect either on child suicide ideation or attempts, and one found a beneficial effect on parental suicidal ideation. The duration of effects in two of these studies was well longer than a decade. These studies suggest that interventions to augment family and child resiliency originally designed to prevent mental health and substance abuse disorders can also have beneficial, often long‐term, effects on suicidal ideation and behavior.
A NEW TASK DISTRIBUTION MODEL TO INCREASE USER PERFORMANCE IN COLLABORATIVE VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Khalid Shah , Ullah Sehat , Alam Aftab , Ur Rahman Sami
Published: April 2016

Collaboration and teamwork is important in many areas of our lives. People come together to share and discuss ideas, split and distribute work or help and support each other. The sharing of information and artefacts is a central part of collaboration. In this paper, a new task distribution model is proposed to increase user performance in CVEs. The model defines the task distribution strategy among multiple users in CVEs which is based on task selection and distribution mechanism among users via awareness mechanism for increasing user performance in CVEs. The effect of tight and loose coupling is also discussed in the model for user performance. The main objective of proposed model is to manage and control the concurrent user actions for better user’s performance.
A USABILITY EVALUATION OF MOBILE APPLICATION: A REVIEW ON USABILITY MODEL FOR THE DEAF
Authors: Nathan Shelena Soosay , Hashim Nor Laily , Hussain Azham
Published: April 2016

Usability is an important attribute that need more concentration in determining the production of a successful mobile application. Currently mobile applications for the deaf has increased tremendously with the increase of the usage of mobile phones. However, usability evaluation model that best suits the evaluation for mobile application for the deaf is rather very general. Usability of the mobile application for the deaf is very limited that makes the evaluation more challenging and difficult. This study reviews the current usability models provide guidelines and usability dimensions used by researchers and discuss the trend for future evaluation of mobile applications for deaf. Result shows that usability for mobile application for the deaf are limited. This study helps mobile developers and evaluators in evaluating mobile application for the deaf.
Investigation on Heat Transfer Performance of Heat Pipe Grinding Wheel in Dry Grinding
Authors: He Qingshan , Fu Yucan , Chen Jiajia , Zhang Wei
Published: April 2016

The use of fluid in grinding enhances heat exchange at the contact zone and reduces grinding temperature. However, the massive use of fluid can cause negative influences on environment and machining cost. In this paper, a novel method of reducing grinding temperature based on heat pipe technology is proposed. One new heat pipe grinding wheel and its heat transfer principle are briefly introduced. A heat transfer mathematical model is established to calculate equivalent thermal conductivity of heat pipe grinding wheel. Compared with the wheel without heat pipe, heat transfer effect of heat pipe grinding wheel is presented, and the influences of heat flux input, cooling condition, wheel speed, and liquid film thickness on heat transfer performance are investigated. Furthermore, dry grinding experiments with two different wheels are conducted to verify the cooling effectiveness on grinding temperature. The results show that thermal conductivity of the wheel with heat pipe can be greatly improved compared to the one without heat pipe; heat transfer performance of heat pipe grinding wheel can change with different grinding conditions; meanwhile, grinding temperatures can be significantly decreased by 50% in dry grinding compared with the wheel without heat pipe.
Dynamic Stability Prediction of Spherical Spiral Groove Hybrid Gas Bearings Rotor System
Authors: Jia Chenhui , Pang Huanjie , Ma Wensuo , Qiu Ming
Published: April 2016

Taking the hemisphere spiral groove hybrid gas bearings (HSGHGB) as the research object, the nonlinear dynamic lubrication analysis mathematical model of spherical hybrid gas bearings is established with the axis instantaneous position and instantaneous displacement speed as the parameters. The perturbation pressure control equation is solved by means of the finite difference method in generalized coordinate system. The calculation program is prepared based on VC++6.0, and the transient perturbation pressure distribution of three-dimensional (3D) gas film, nonlinear gas film force, and dynamic stiffness and damping coefficients are numerically calculated. The influences of different speeds, eccentricity ratios, and gas supply pressures on the dynamic characteristic coefficients of gas film are studied. The results show that the influence of bearing's supply pressure, speed, and eccentricity on the dynamic characteristics of gas film is significant. The dynamic equations of rotor-bearing system containing the gas film dynamic stiffness and the damping coefficients are established, and the stability of the gas film is predicted based on the Routh–Hurwitz stability criterion. The research provides the theoretical foundation for actively controlling the bearing running stiffness and damping and stemming the instability of gas film.
Case Study: Utilizing a Low FODMAP Diet to Combat Exercise-Induced Gastrointestinal Symptoms
Authors: Lis Dana , Ahuja Kiran D.K. , Stellingwerff Trent , Kitic Cecilia M. , Fell James
Published: April 2016

Athletes employ various dietary strategies in attempts to attenuate exercise-induced gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms to ensure optimal performance. This case-study outlines one of these GI-targeted approaches via the implementation of a short-term low FODMAP (Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides and Polyols) diet, with the aim to attenuate persistent running specific GI symptoms in a recreationally competitive multisport athlete (male, 86 kg, 57.9 ml·kg·min-1 V02max, 10–15 hr/week training, with no diagnosed GI disorder). Using a single-blinded approach a habitual diet was compared with a 6-day low FODMAP intervention diet (81 ± 5g vs 7.2 ± 5.7g FODMAP s/day) for their effect on GI symptoms and perceptual wellbeing. Training was similar during the habitual and dietary intervention periods. Postexercise (During) GI symptom ratings were recorded immediately following training. Daily GI symptoms and the Daily Analysis of Life Demands for Athletes (DALDA) were recorded at the end of each day. Daily and During GI symptom scores (scale 0–9) ranged from 0–4 during the habitual dietary period while during the low FODMAP dietary period all scores were 0 (no symptoms at all). DALDA scores for worse than normal ranged from 3–10 vs 0–8 in the habitual and low FODMAP dietary periods, respectively, indicating improvement. This intervention was effective for this GI symptom prone athlete; however, randomized-controlled trials are required to assess the suitability of low FODMAP diets for reducing GI distress in other symptomatic athletes.
Associations Between Whole Blood and Dietary Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Levels in Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Wilson Patrick B. , Madrigal Leilani A.
Published: April 2016

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have important physiological functions and may offer select benefits for athletic performance and recovery. The purpose of this investigation was to assess dietary and whole blood omega-3 PUFAs among collegiate athletes. In addition, a brief questionnaire was evaluated as a valid tool for quantifying omega-3 PUFA intake. Fifty-eight athletes (9 males, 49 females) completed a 21-item questionnaire developed to assess omega-3 PUFA intake and provided dried whole blood samples to quantify α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and the HS-Omega-3 Index. Geometric means (95% confidence intervals) for the HS-Omega-3 Index were 4.79% (4.37–5.25%) and 4.75% (4.50–5.01%) for males and females, respectively. Median dietary intakes of ALA, EPA, and DHA were all below 100 mg. Among females, several dietary omega-3 PUFA variables were positively associated with whole blood EPA, with total EPA (rho = 0.67, p < .001) and total DHA (rho = 0.69, p < .001) intakes showing the strongest correlations. Whole blood DHA among females showed positive associations with dietary intakes, with total EPA (rho = 0.62, p < .001) and total DHA (rho = 0.64, p < .001) intakes demonstrating the strongest correlations. The HS-Omega-3 Index in females was positively correlated with all dietary variables except ALA. Among males, the only significant correlation was between food and whole blood EPA (rho = 0.83, p < .01). Collegiate athletes had relatively low intakes of omega-3 PUFAs. A 21-item questionnaire may be useful for screening female athletes for poor omega-3 PUFA status.
The National Academy of Kinesiology 2015 Review and Evaluation of Doctoral Programs in Kinesiology
Authors: Ulrich Beverly D. , Feltz Deborah L.
Published: April 2016

In this article we present the results of the 2015 review and ranking of U.S. doctoral programs in kinesiology conducted by the National Academy of Kinesiology (NAK) and based on data for the calendar years 2010 through 2014. This is the third consecutive five-year review and represents the only continuous effort to create rankings for the field of kinesiology today. As in previous reviews, this evaluation was built, using objective measures, on a norm-referenced survey of kinesiology doctoral programs in the United States. Of the 77 programs invited to participate, 52 provided complete sets of the required data. The raw data comprised 9 faculty indices contributing 66% of the total score, and 7 doctoral student indices, which made up the remaining 34%. Raw data for individual indices were converted to normative values by first transforming them into z-scores and then converting the z-scores into T-scores, to which weightings were applied. From the total T-scores, two sets of rankings were determined: unadjusted and adjusted to number of faculty members in each program. Rankings based on total T-scores are presented as well as T-scores for individual indices for each program. We also share raw data means and standard deviations for individual variables, organized into subgroups based on total T-scores. Finally, we compare the outcomes of this review with the previous review conducted by the NAK.
The Role of Social Effectiveness in Leadership: A Critical Review and Lessons for Sport Management
Authors: Magnusen Marshall , Perrewé Pamela L.
Published: April 2016

The concept of social effectiveness tends to be explained in terms of individual’s ability to identify, comprehend, and attain effective social networks that can produce advantageous career and life outcomes. Researchers have repeatedly demonstrated that a strong connection between social effectiveness and leadership effectiveness exists. However, while most undergraduate and graduate sport management skills textbooks include a chapter or several chapters about leadership, few devote more than several pages to social effectiveness constructs. Contemporary sport pedagogy articles about teaching leadership also do not explore the important connection between social effectiveness and leadership adequately. Therefore, given the salience of social effectiveness to leadership as well as the need for more complete investigations of the manner by which leaders engage in effective leadership behaviors, the present review critically examines social effectiveness as a means to successful sport leadership and proposes specific pedagogical practices for sport management educators.
Integration of Experiential Learning and Leadership Development in a Sport Management Classroom
Authors: Williams Joanne , Parker Heidi M.
Published: April 2016

Experiential learning has been widely used to impact student engagement and provide opportunities to apply theory to practice (Bower, 2013). Sport management faculty regularly use experiential learning in event management, sales classes and internships (Charlton, 2007; McKelvey & Southall, 2008). In addition, educators often include leadership development within their student learning outcomes (COSMA, 2014; MacKie, 2014). This study examines the effectiveness of leadership development activities implemented in an experiential event management course. A case study approach was selected to demonstrate in-depth development and analysis of the course and the integration of strengths-based leadership activities. Students completed the StrengthFinder assessment (Rath & Conchie, 2009), the Strengths Awareness Measure (Schreiner, 2004), and the Strengths of Self Efficacy Scale (Tsai et al., 2014). Significant increases in strengths awareness were reported along with generally high self-efficacy scores. Students reported positive perceptions of the experiential learning experience and increased levels of engagement.
Molecular engineering of polymersome surface topology
Authors: Ruiz-Pérez Lorena , Messager Lea , Gaitzsch Jens , Joseph Adrian , Sutto Ludovico , Gervasio Francesco Luigi , Battaglia Giuseppe
Published: April 2016

Self-assembling vesicles made of copolymer mimics biological systems.
Spiro-OMeTAD single crystals: Remarkably enhanced charge-carrier transport via mesoscale ordering
Authors: Shi Dong , Qin Xiang , Li Yuan , He Yao , Zhong Cheng , Pan Jun , Dong Huanli , Xu Wei , Li Tao , Hu Wenping , Brédas Jean-Luc , Bakr Osman M.
Published: April 2016

A study of the growth, structure determination, and electronic properties of spiro-OMeTAD single crystals.
Observation of image pair creation and annihilation from superluminal scattering sources
Authors: Clerici Matteo , Spalding Gabriel C. , Warburton Ryan , Lyons Ashley , Aniculaesei Constantin , Richards Joseph M. , Leach Jonathan , Henderson Robert , Faccio Daniele
Published: April 2016

Researchers experimentally investigate the superluminal kinematics of scattering light sources through ultrafast time-resolved imaging.
Two-dimensional GaSe/MoSe
2
misfit bilayer heterojunctions by van der Waals epitaxy
Authors: Li Xufan , Lin Ming-Wei , Lin Junhao , Huang Bing , Puretzky Alexander A. , Ma Cheng , Wang Kai , Zhou Wu , Pantelides Sokrates T. , Chi Miaofang , Kravchenko Ivan , Fowlkes Jason , Rouleau Christopher M. , Geohegan David B. , Xiao Kai
Published: April 2016

Synthesized two-dimensional GaSe/MoSe
2
misfit heterostructures form
p
-
n
junctions with a gate-tunable photovoltaic response.
Targeting Tie2 and the host vascular response in sepsis
Authors: Parikh Samir M.
Published: April 2016

A new therapeutic approach to a complex and dire disease—sepsis—targets a signaling molecule in the vasculature (Han
et al
., this issue).
Environmental Stability of Swine and Human Pandemic Influenza Viruses in Water under Variable Conditions of Temperature, Salinity, and pH
Authors: Poulson R. L. , Tompkins S. M. , Berghaus R. D. , Brown J. D. , Stallknecht D. E.
Published: April 2016

The movement of influenza A viruses (IAVs) from wild bird reservoirs to domestic animals and humans is well established, but the transmission mechanisms that facilitate efficient movement across and within these host populations are not fully defined. Although predominant routes of transmission vary between host populations, the extent of environmental stability needed for efficient IAV transmission also may vary. Because of this, we hypothesized that virus stability would differ in response to varied host-related transmission mechanisms; if correct, such phenotypic variation might represent a potential marker for the emergence of novel animal or human influenza viruses. Here, the objective was to evaluate the ability of eight swine and six human IAV isolates to remain infective under various pH, temperature, and salinity conditions using a preestablished distilled water system. Swine and human viruses persisted longest at near-neutral pH, at cold temperatures, or under “freshwater” conditions. Additionally, no significant differences in persistence were observed between pandemic and nonpandemic IAVs. Our results indicate that there have been no apparent changes in the environmental stability of the viruses related to host adaptation.

IMPORTANCE
This study assessed the environmental stability of eight swine and six human influenza A viruses (IAVs), including viruses associated with the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, in a distilled water system. The important findings of this work are that IAV persistence can be affected by environmental variables and that no marked changes were noted between human and swine IAVs or between pandemic and nonpandemic IAVs.
Modified Deacetylcephalosporin C Synthase for the Biotransformation of Semisynthetic Cephalosporins
Authors: Balakrishnan Nataraj , Ganesan Sadhasivam , Rajasekaran Padma , Rajendran Lingeshwaran , Teddu Sivaprasad , Durairaaj Micheal
Published: April 2016

Deacetylcephalosporin C synthase (DACS), a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenase synthesized by
Streptomyces clavuligerus
, transforms an inert methyl group of deacetoxycephalosporin C (DAOC) into an active hydroxyl group of deacetylcephalosporin C (DAC) during the biosynthesis of cephalosporin. It is a step which is chemically difficult to accomplish, but its development by use of an enzymatic method with DACS can facilitate a cost-effective technology for the manufacture of semisynthetic cephalosporin intermediates such as 7-amino-cephalosporanic acid (7ACA) and hydroxymethyl-7-amino-cephalosporanic acid (HACA) from cephalosporin G. As the native enzyme showed negligible activity toward cephalosporin G, an unnatural and less expensive substrate analogue, directed-evolution strategies such as random, semirational, rational, and computational methods were used for systematic engineering of DACS for improved activity. In comparison to the native enzyme, several variants with improved catalytic efficiency were found. The enzyme was stable for several days and is expressed in soluble form at high levels with significantly higher
k
cat
/

K
m

values. The efficacy and industrial scalability of one of the selected variants, CefF
GOS
, were demonstrated in a process showing complete bioconversion of 18 g/liter of cephalosporin G into deacetylcephalosporin G (DAG) in about 80 min and showed reproducible results at higher substrate concentrations as well. DAG could be converted completely into HACA in about 30 min by a subsequent reaction, thus facilitating scalability toward commercialization. The experimental findings with several mutants were also used to rationalize the functional conformation deduced from homology modeling, and this led to the disclosure of critical regions involved in the catalysis of DACS.

IMPORTANCE
7ACA and HACA serve as core intermediates for the manufacture of several semisynthetic cephalosporins. As they are expensive, a cost-effective enzyme technology for the manufacture of these intermediates is required. Deacetylcephalosporin C synthase (DACS) was identified as a candidate enzyme for the development of technology from cephalosporin G in this study. Directed-evolution strategies were employed to enhance the catalytic efficiency of deacetylcephalosporin C synthase. One of the selected mutants of deacetylcephalosporin C synthase could convert high concentrations of cephalosporin G into DAG, which subsequently could be converted into HACA completely. As cephalosporin G is inexpensive and readily available, the technology would lead to a substantial reduction in the cost for these intermediates upon commercialization.