bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Report of activities for the geology and mineral potential of the Chantrey-Thelon area: GEM-2 Rae project
Authors: Berman R G , Sanborn-Barrie M , Nadeau L , Brouillette P , Camacho A , Davis W J , McCurdy M
W , McMartin I , Weller O M , Chadwick T , Liikane D , Ma S
Published: December 2016

Forward
The Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals (GEM) program is laying the foundation for sustainable economic development in the North. The Program provides modern public geoscience that will set the stage for long-term decision making related to investment in responsible resource development. Geoscience
knowledge produced by GEM supports evidence-based exploration for new energy and mineral resources and enables northern communities to make informed decisions about their land, economy and society. Building upon the success of its first five-years, GEM has been renewed until 2020 (GEM-2) to continue
producing new, publically available, regional-scale geoscience knowledge in Canada's North.
During the summer of 2016, GEM-2 successfully carried out 17 research activities that included geological, geochemical and geophysical surveying. Many of these were undertaken in collaboration with provincial and territorial governments, northerners and their institutions, academia and the private
sector. GEM will continue to work with these key collaborators as the program advances.
Nomenclatural adjustments in African plants 2
Authors: Manning John , Goldblatt Peter
Published: December 2016

Background: Ongoing systematic studies in the African flora necessitate periodic nomenclatural adjustments and corrections. Objectives: To effect requisite nomenclatural changes. Method: Relevant literature was surveyed and type material located and examined. Results: Nomenclatural corrections are published in Mairia Nees (Asteraceae) and Psilosiphon Welw. ex Goldblatt J.C.Manning, nom illeg. (Iridaceae). Conclusions: Cineraria purpurata L. (1771) (Asteraceae) is recognised as the earliest name for Mairia hirsuta DC. (1836) and the new combination M. purpurata (L.) J.C.Manning is provided for the species. Psilosiphon Welw. ex Goldblatt J.C.Manning (2015) (Iridaceae) is a later homonym for Psilosiphon Entwisle (1989). The replacement name Afrosolen Goldblatt J.C.Manning is proposed and the necessary new combinations for the 16 taxa currently recognised in the genus are provided.
Social constructions of environmental services in a rapidly densifying peri-urban area under dual governance in Durban, South Africa
Authors: Sutherland Catherine , Sim Vicky , Buthelezi Sibongile , Khumalo Duduzile
Published: December 2016

Background: Biodiversity plays a critical role in improving the quality of life and resilience of poor urban communities in Durban. Objectives: However, the rapid densification that is taking place in the ‘rural periphery’ of the city is impacting significantly on the integrity of ecosystems, which provide valuable ecosystem services. It is also changing the relations between people and the environment. Mzinyathi and eSkebheni, in the north-west of Durban, are peri-urban areas located on Ingonyama Trust land and hence they are governed by both the traditional authority and the eThekwini Municipality. The settlement pattern is changing rapidly here as middle and upper income residents move into the area, changing the way of life from being rural and ‘traditional’ to urban and ‘modern’. Method: This paper focused on the nexus of rapid urban growth, dual governance systems, biodiversity loss and cultural change in these two areas. It adopted a qualitative methodology and social constructivist approach. Data on the value of environmental services in the area was collected through interviewing the traditional authority, provincial and municipal planners and environmentalists, and household members. Results: The paper revealed that environmental services are constructed in multiple ways within a particular socio-historical and political context, that they have value to peri-urban communities, and that their function and use is changing as a result of the ‘modernisation’ of the area. The impact of the dual governance system and traditional land allocation process on environmental services is significant. This has implications for long term sustainability, for the quality of life of peri-urban residents and for planning and urban governance.
Access to health care for children with neural tube defects: Experiences of mothers in Zambia
Authors: Simpamba Micah M. , Struthers Patricia M. , Mweshi Margaret M.
Published: December 2016

Introduction: In Zambia, all children born with neural tube defects requiring surgery need to be referred to a tertiary level hospital in Lusaka, the capital city, where the specialists are based. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of mothers accessing health care who had recently given birth to a child with a neural tube defect. Methods and analysis: In-depth interviews were conducted with a purposively selected sample of 20 mothers at the tertiary level hospital. The interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim and translated. Content analysis was used to identify codes, which were later collapsed into categories and themes. Findings: Five themes emerged: access to health care, access to transport, access to information, concerns about family and support needs. Discussion: Barriers to access to health care included geographical barriers and barriers linked to availability. Geographical barriers were related to distance between home and the health centre, and referral between health facilities. Barriers to availability included the lack of specialist health workers at various levels, and insufficient hospital vehicles to transport mothers and children to the tertiary level hospital. The main barrier to affordability was the cost of transport, which was alleviated by either family or government support. Acceptability of the health services was affected by a lack of information, incorrect advice, the attitude of health workers and the beliefs of the family. Conclusion: Access to health care by mothers of children with neural tube defects in Zambia is affected by geographical accessibility, availability, affordability and acceptability. The supply-side barriers and demand-side barriers require different interventions to address them. This suggests that health policy is needed which ensures access to surgery and follow-up care.
Ethical considerations for field research on fishes
Authors: Bennett Rhett H. , Ellender Bruce R. , Mäkinen Tuuli , Miya Tshoanelo , Pattrick Paula , Wasserman Ryan J. , Woodford Darragh J. , Weyl Olaf L.F.
Published: December 2016

Collection of data from animals for research purposes can negatively impact target or by-catch species if suitable animal ethics practices are not followed. This study aimed to assess the ethical requirements of peer-reviewed scientific journals that publish primary literature on fishes, and review the ethical considerations and animal care guidelines of national and international documents on the ethical treatment of animals for research, to provide an overview of the general ethical considerations for field research on fishes. A review of 250 peer-reviewed, ISI-rated journals publishing primary research on fishes revealed that nearly half (46%) had no mention of ethics, treatment of animals or ethical requirements for publication in their author guidelines or publication policies. However, 18% of the journals reviewed identify a specific set of ethical guidelines to be followed before publishing research involving animals. Ethical considerations for investigators undertaking field research on fishes, common to most animal care policies, legislation and guiding documents, include adhering to relevant legislation, minimising sample sizes, reducing or mitigating pain and distress, employing the most appropriate and least invasive techniques and accurately reporting methods and findings. This information will provide potential investigators with a useful starting point for designing and conducting ethical field research. Application of ethical best practices in field sampling studies will improve the welfare of study animals and the conservation of rare and endangered species.Conservation implications: This article provides a list of ethical considerations for designing and conducting field research on fishes. By reviewing sampling techniques and processes that are frequently used in field research on fishes and by highlighting the potential negative impacts of these sampling techniques, this article is intended to assist researchers in planning field research to minimise impacts on fish populations. It is envisaged that this review will be a useful resource for journal editorial committees intending to introduce ethical requirements for publication and for researchers, managers, conservation practitioners and research organisations when designing field studies on fishes, applying for ethical clearance and developing institutional ethical guidelines.
New Super-quadratic Conditions for Asymptotically Periodic Schrödinger Equations
Authors: Tang Xianhua
Published: December 2016

We study the semilinear Schrödinger equation

wherefis a superlinear, subcritical nonlinearity. It focuses on the casewhereV(x) =V0(x)+V1(x),V0∊C(RN),V0(x) is 1-periodic in each of x1 , x2 , . . . , xN, supinf, and. A new super-quadratic condition is obtained that is weaker than some well-known results.
Die Reporterin Alice Schalek an der Adria
Authors: Miladinović Zalaznik Mira
Published: December 2016

Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird die Berichterstattung der einzigen Reporterin, die im Ersten Weltkrieg an die Front geschickt wurde, analysiert. Es handelt sich dabei um jene Artikel, die sich mit der k. u. k. Marine befassen. Schalek wurde wegen ihrer Berichterstattung über die Schlachten in den Dolomiten, am Isonzo, in Serbien, Montenegro oder an der Adria scharf kritisiert und sogar attackiert, da vor allem besonders rücksichtslos von Karl Kraus sowohl in seiner Fackel als in seinem Theaterstück Die letzten Tage der Menschheit. Er hatte an ihr einiges auszusetzen, unter anderem, dass sie eine Frau war und in ihren Artikeln Propaganda betrieb. Im Beitrag soll gezeigt werden, dass Schalek ihre Berichte zwar im Geiste der Habsburgischen Politik verfasste, dass es ihr darin aber nicht nur um Propaganda ging, sondern auch darum, den Kämpfenden eine Stimme zu geben, wobei ihr mitunter trotz Zensur Kritisches zum Zeitgeschehen weiterzugeben gelang.
Mémoires d'Hadrien entre fiction et autobiographie
Authors: Osterman Tina
Published: December 2016

L'article se présente comme une brève analyse de l'oeuvre de Marguerite Yourcenar, grande femme de lettres et académicienne française, auteure des Mémoires d'Hadrien, son premier succès international au début des années cinquante. Notre objectif est de classer le roman dans une sous-catégorie littéraire et de dégager son originalité formelle à l'intérieur du genre des mémoires sous forme épistolaire. Le mélange entre le roman, les mémoires, la correspondance et la poésie présente un certain polygraphisme. La recherche permanente, l'érudition approfondie et la résistance à une approche unilatérale sont la garantie d'un individualisme et d'une originalité qui respecte profondément la tradition sans y être limitée.
Cloud and Clothe : Hildegard of Bingen's metaphors of the fall of the human soul
Authors: Weiss Sonja
Published: December 2016

The paper examines Hildegard's use of metaphors in her visions of the human fall, and the way she combined the biblical motif of Original Sin with the philosophical question of a soul's embodiment, particularly in her moral play, Ordo virtutum, but also in her medical and visionary writings. The metaphor of the cloud sometimes blends with the metaphor of clothing (as in, "to clothe"), since the corporeal vestment of the soul before the Fall is said to resemble a cloud of light. Both metaphors are present in Hildegard's other works, particularly the image of the cloud, which is frequently used to illustrate cosmological implications of Original Sin. The metaphor of clothing, on the other hand, reveals parallels with certain Christian Gnostic revelations, blended with the Neo-Platonic doctrine of the soul as enslaved to the body.
The Maori and the Pakeha in C. K. Stead's novel Talking about O'Dwyer
Authors: Maver Igor
Published: December 2016

The article focuses on a recent novel by the contemporary New Zealand author C.K. Stead, Talking about O'Dwyer. It represents an indictment of war per se, war as a collective madness and its consequences for the life destinies of every single individual caught in it. The Second World War and the independence war in Croatia in the 1990s are minutely described and juxtaposed in this work: both brought to the people, as all wars, suffering and death and have radically changed and marked their lives and relationships. C.K. Stead writes about four locales in very different time periods, New Zealand, Oxford, and especially Croatia and Greece, where the two wars that affect the lives of the protagonists took place.
Border Gothic - history, violence and the border in the writings of Eugene McCabe
Authors: Ó Ciardha Éamonn
Published: December 2016

As well as producing a rich body of novels, novellas, short-stories and plays spanning throughout seventy years of the century of partition, Eugene McCabe charts the broad trajectory of Irish history and politics from the Elizabethan Conquest and Ulster Plantation of the 16th and 17th centuries to the recent 'Troubles' which spanned the thirty years between the beginnings of the Civil Rights Movement (1968) and the signing of the Belfast/Good Friday Agreement (1998). They positively seethe with gruesome assassinations, indiscriminate bombings and deliberate shootings, while resonating with a veritable cacophony of deep-seeded ethnic rivalries and genocidal, religious hatreds, which are interlaced with poverty, social deprivation and dis-function, migration and emigration.
Decay times of transitionally dense specularly reflecting meteor trails and potential chemical impact on trail lifetimes
Authors: Hocking Wayne K. , Silber Reynold E. , Plane John M. C. , Feng Wuhu , Garbanzo-Salas Marcial
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Studies of transitionally dense meteor trails using radars which employ specularly reflecting interferometric techniques are used to show that measurable high-temperature chemistry exists at timescales of a few tenths of a second after the formation of these trails. This is a process which is distinct from the ambient-temperature chemistry that is already known to exist at timescales of tens of seconds and longer in long-lived trails. As a consequence, these transitionally dense trails have smaller lifetimes than might be expected if diffusion were the only mechanism for reducing the mean trail electron density. The process has been studied with four SKiYMET radars at latitudes varying from 10 to 75° N, over a period of more than 10 years, 24 h per day. In this paper we present the best parameters to use to represent this behaviour and demonstrate the characteristics of the temporal and latitudinal variability in these parameters. The seasonal, day–night and latitudinal variations correlate reasonably closely with the corresponding variations of ozone in the upper mesosphere. Possible reasons for these effects are discussed, but further investigations of any causative relation are still the subject of ongoing studies.
Modeling anisotropic Maxwell–Jüttner distributions: derivation and properties
Authors: Livadiotis George
Published: December 2016

Abstract. In this paper we develop a model for the anisotropic Maxwell–Jüttner distribution and examine its properties. First, we provide the characteristic conditions that the modeling of consistent and well-defined anisotropic Maxwell–Jüttner distributions needs to fulfill. Then, we examine several models, showing their possible advantages and/or failures in accordance to these conditions. We derive a consistent model, and examine its properties and its connection with thermodynamics. We show that the temperature equals the average of the directional temperature-like components, as it holds for the classical, anisotropic Maxwell distribution. We also derive the internal energy and Boltzmann–Gibbs entropy, where we show that both are maximized for zero anisotropy, that is, the isotropic Maxwell–Jüttner distribution.
Influence of Geographic Coordinate System on Weather Simulations of Atmospheric Emissions
Authors: Cao Yanni , Cervone Guido , Barkely Zachary , Lauvaux Thomas , Deng Aijun , Taylor Alan
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Numerical atmospheric models can generate simulations at very high spatial and temporal resolutions. Many of such models, including the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF), assume a spherical geographic coordinate system to represent the data and for their computations. However, most if not all Geographic Information System (GIS) data use a spheroid datum because it best represents the surface of the earth. WRF and other numerical systems, simply assume that GIS layers can be input as if they were in a spherical coordinate system. The difference when reprojecting standard GIS layers onto a sphere can result in latitudinal errors of up to 21 km in the mid-latitudes. Recent studies have suggested that for very high resolution applications, there might be an impact when the GIS input data (e.g. terrain land use, orography) are not reprojected. These impacts introduced by the difference in coordinate systems remain unclear. This research investigates the role and importance of reprojecting GIS layers used by WRF as input by performing sensitivity studies of greenhouse gas transport and dispersion in Northeast Pennsylvania.
Mid-Term Results of ReCap/Magnum/Taperloc Metal-on-Metal Total Hip Arthroplasty with Mean Follow-Up of 7.1 Years
Authors: Koutalos Antonios A. , Kourtis Aristotelis , Clarke Ian C. , Smith Evert J.
Published: December 2016

Introduction

Despite enthusiasm for metal-on-metal bearings, disappointing short- to mid-term outcomes has all but halted the use of this bearing articulation. This review presents mid-term results for the ReCap Magnum total hip replacement.

Patients and Methods

This prospective study evaluated 79 ReCap/Magnum/Taperloc total hip replacements with mean follow-up of 7.1 (range 3.7-9.2) years. 43 were female and 36 male. Metal ions were measured and radiographic measurement included a ‘margin of safety’ angle to quantify risk of edge loading. When a clinical suspicion of adverse reaction to metal debris was present, patients had metal artefact reduction sequence MRI. Harris Hip Score and Oxford Hip Score evaluated functional outcome and SF-12 and EQ-5L-5D assessed quality of life at final follow-up.

Results

7 hips were revised indicating 91.1% survivorship at 7.1 years. Postoperative Harris Hip Score and Oxford Hip Score significantly improved. Females and symptomatic patients predicted increased metal ions. Margin of safety correlated with postoperative Oxford Hip Score. Symptomatic hips and positive MRI showed reduced survivorship.

Conclusions

Compared to more traditional bearings like metal or ceramic on polyethylene the overall outcome of this ReCap/Magnum/Taperloc study cohort is modest. It is felt that further failures will occur in this group therefore cautious interpretation of the results is justified given the potential for reduced survival outcomes.
Assessment of Different Remote Sensing Data for Forest Structural Attributes Estimation in the Hyrcanian forests
Authors: Nourian Noureddin , Shataee-Joibary Shaban , Mohammadi Jahangir
Published: December 2016

Aim of study: The objective of the study was the comparative assessment of various spatial resolutions of optical satellite imagery including Landsat-TM, ASTER, and Quickbird data to estimate the forest structure attributes of Hyrcanian forests, Golestan province, northernIran.Material and methods: The 112 square plots with area of0.09 ha were measured using a random cluster sampling method and then stand volume, basal area, and tree stem density were computed using measured data. After geometric and atmospheric corrections of images, the spectral attributes from original and different synthetic bands were extracted for modelling. The statistical modelling was performed using CART algorithm. Performance assessment of models was examined using the unused validation plots by RMSE and bias measures.Main Results: The results showed that model of Quickbird data for stand volume, basal area, and tree stem density had a better performance compared to ASTER and TM data. However, estimations by ASTER and TM imagery had slightly similar results for all three parameters.Research highlights: This study exposed that the high-resolution satellite data are more useful for forest structure attributes estimation in the Hyrcanian broadleaves forests compared with medium resolution images without consideration of images costs. However, regarding to be free of the most medium resolution data such as ASTER and TM,ETM+ or OLI images, these data can be used with slightly similar results.  Keywords: Forest structure attributes; quickbird; ASTER; TM; CART algorithm; Hyrcanian forests.
Alleviation of cadmium toxicity in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seedlings by the application of selenium
Authors: Sun Hongyan , Wang Xiaoyun , Wang Yuna , Wei Yiying , Wang Guohui
Published: December 2016

In the present study, the role of selenium in cadmium toxicity was investigated in cucumber seedlings by hydroponic experiments. The application of Se for cucumber exposed to Cd significantly reduced Cd accumulation in all tissues, elevated Cd-depressed chlorophyll content, and improved photosynthetic performance. External Se significantly reduced ·OH, H2O2 and malondialdehyde content. Exogenous Se balanced Cd-depressed elements (e.g., Se enhanced Cd-induced decreases in root Zn, leaf/stem/root Mn concentrations) and carbohydrate contents. External Se also significantly decreased the Cd-induced increases in Na+K+-, Ca2+Mg2+- and total ATPase activities, which recovered almost to control level. Results indicate that application of Se can alleviate Cd toxicity in cucumber seedlings by reducing Cd uptake and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, moreover protecting photosynthetic machinery from damaging, balancing elements and carbohydrate contents, and improving ATPase activities in cucumber.
Use of biochar as peat substitute for growing substrates of Euphorbia × lomi potted plants
Authors: Dispenza Vincenzo , De Pasquale Claudio , Fascella Giancarlo , Mammano Michele M. , Alonzo Giuseppe
Published: December 2016

Biochar from conifers wood was used in soilless culture as growing substrate alternative to peat for ornamental crops. Potted plants of Euphorbia × lomi Rauh cv. ‘Ilaria’ were grown with different mixtures (v:v) of brown peat and biochar in order to evaluate main physical and chemical characteristics of this biomaterial as well as its effect on plant growth, ornamental characteristics and nutrients uptake. Biochar addition to peat increased pH, EC and K content of the growing substrates, as well as air content and bulk density. Biochar content of substrates significantly affected plant growth and biomass partitioning: higher number of shoots and leaves, leaf area and leaf dry weight were recorded in plants grown in 40% peat-60% biochar, with respect to plants grown in 100% peat and secondarily in 100% biochar. Leaf chlorophyll content was higher in plants grown in 60% and 80% biochar, while biomass water use efficiency was higher with 60% biochar. Plant uptake of K and Ca increased as biochar content of the substrates increased. Hence, a growing substrate containing 40% brown peat and 60% conifers wood biochar was identified as the more suitable mixture allowing to have a high-quality production of Euphorbia × lomi potted plants.
An innovative multivariate tool for fuel consumption and costs estimation of agricultural operations
Authors: Guerrieri Mirko , Fedrizzi Marco , Antonucci Francesca , Pallottino Federico , Sperandio Giulio , Pagano Mauro , Figorilli Simone , Menesatti Paolo , Costa Corrado
Published: December 2016

The estimation of operating costs of agricultural and forestry machineries is a key factor in both planning agricultural policies and farm management. Few works have tried to estimate operating costs and the produced models are normally based on deterministic approaches. Conversely, in the statistical model randomness is present and variable states are not described by unique values, but rather by probability distributions. In this study, for the first time, a multivariate statistical model based on Partial Least Squares (PLS) was adopted to predict the fuel consumption and costs of six agricultural operations such as: ploughing, harrowing, fertilization, sowing, weed control and shredding. The prediction was conducted on two steps: first of all few initial selected parameters (time per surface-area unit, maximum engine power, purchase price of the tractor and purchase price of the operating machinery) were used to estimate the fuel consumption; then the predicted fuel consumption together with the initial parameters were used to estimate the operational costs. Since the obtained models were based on an input dataset very heterogeneous, these resulted to be extremely efficient and so generalizable and robust. In details the results show prediction values in the test with r always ≥ 0.91. Thus, the approach may results extremely useful for both farmers (in terms of economic advantages) and at institutional level (representing an innovative and efficient tool for planning future Rural Development Programmes and the Common Agricultural Policy). In light of these advantages the proposed approach may as well be implemented on a web platform and made available to all the stakeholders.
Requirements and Incentives for Implementation of Pharmaceutical Strategic Purchasing in Iranian Health System: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Bastani Peivand , Doshmangir Leila , Samadbeik Mahnaz , Dinarvand Rassoul
Published: December 2016

PURPOSE: According to the importance of strategic purchasing as a prerequisite for overall access and universal health coverage, this study was conducted to explore requirements and incentives for implementation of pharmaceutical strategic purchasing in the Iranian health system.METHODS: This was a qualitative study conducted through content analysis with an inductive approach applying a five-stage framework analysis. Data analysis was started right after transcribing each interview applying MAXQDA10. Data was saturated after 32 semi-structured interviews with experts. These key informants were selected purposefully and through snowball sampling.RESULTS: The findings are categorized under three main themes: “Payment Mechanisms to Service Providers”, “Insurance Reimbursement Mechanisms” and “Rules and Regulations”, and eight related subthemes.CONCLUSIONS: According to the importance of incentive interventions in pharmaceutical strategic purchasing, it is necessary to pay close attention to pharmaceutical price, realistic and fair premiums and appropriate contracts with suppliers, along with estimation a reasonable profit margin for pharmaceutical suppliers and the appropriate reimbursement mechanisms as the most significant incentives for increasing access to pharmaceuticals and implementing strategic purchasing.
Thermal Properties and Crystal Structure of BaC4H4O6 Single Crystals
Authors: Fukami Takanori , Hiyajyo Seiya , Tahara Shuta , Yasuda Chitoshi
Published: December 2016

Single crystals of barium L-tartrate, BaC4H4O6, were grown at 308 K by a gel method using silica gel as the growth medium. Differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis, and X-ray diffraction measurements were performed on the single crystals. The space group symmetry (orthorhombic, P212121) and structural parameters were determined at room temperature. The crystal structure consisted of BaO9 polyhedra, C4H4O6 molecules, and zig-zag hydrogen-bonded chains along the a- and c-axes linked by O–H···O and C–H···O hydrogen bonds between adjacent molecules. Weight losses due to thermal decomposition of BaC4H4O6 occurred in the temperature range of 450–1530 K. We suggest that the evolution of 2H2, 2CO, CO, (1/2)O2, and O2 gases caused the observed weight losses and that the decomposition product, barium monocarbide BaC, formed a residue in the vessel.
Itinerarios terapéuticos. Propuesta para la aplicabilidad en la etnografía.
Authors: Casado Aijón Irina
Published: December 2016

En este working paper se presenta una propuesta metodológica y analítica para la confección y la representación gráfica de itinerarios terapéuticos e itinerarios procreativos surgida de un trabajo de campo realizado entre la población rifeña (Rif, norte de Marruecos). Los objetivos son proporcionar una propuesta tipológica para la identificación de los itinerarios terapéuticos y procreativos y dar las indicaciones y las pautas necesarias para que la representación gráfica de un itinerario se convierta en una herramienta útil para sistematizar y analizar los datos en cualquier contexto etnográfico.
La economía del parto: Interfaces de la agenda neoliberal y de la lucha feminista por la humanización de la asistencia al parto.
Authors: De Andrade Ramos Cavalcanti Aline
Published: December 2016

Una revisión atenta de la literatura sobre el proceso de medicalización e higienización en Francia y Brasil entre el fin del siglo XIX y comienzos del siglo XX demuestra que la entrada de los médicos en el campo de la asistencia al parto se dio con la colaboración del movimiento feminista. Ya entre los años 1920 y 1940, observamos una serie de técnicas y discursos elaborados por médicos disidentes en Rusia y Gran Bretaña que crearon las bases para el surgimiento de un movimiento global de mujeres por la reforma de los servicios de maternidad, conocido hoy como Movimiento por la Humanización del Parto y Nacimiento. Un análisis de la emergencia del discurso de la “Humanización del Parto” como “Legitimidad de una práctica basada en evidencias” permitió́ identificar la relación entre el desarrollo de nuevas técnicas corporales, conceptos y protocolos y la entrada del Banco Mundial en el diseño de políticas para el campo de la salud. En este trabajo se presenta una síntesis de una conferencia sobre un proyecto de tesis que pretende aclarar mejor estas cuestiones.
Home is Calling: Hungarian Emigrants’ Response to the Home Country’s Return Campaign
Authors: Molnár Judit
Published: December 2016

In the present paper, I provide an overview of the background material that contributed to the decisions made in the construction of my research project, which focuses on the motivation of Hungarian emigrants living in Ireland to repatriate as affected by the Hungarian government’s return campaign. After a short summary of the literature on diaspora construction and state-led transnationalism, in which the study is to be embedded, as well as the presentation of the integration–transnationalism matrix that is to serve as the analytical framework, I introduce a similar study to highlight the points that are relevant to my project. This is followed by the description of the specific context in which the Hungarian return campaign takes place and the presentation of the results of my preliminary research: through this, I discuss certain tendencies that must be considered when analysing the group in the focus of my research. Finally, I argue for the choices I made based on these premises as I present the research plan.
Attitudes towards ‘Racial Mixing’ in Colonial French-India
Authors: Kadyan Karishma
Published: December 2016

Present day Puducherry is a mixed pot in terms of nationalities, languages, religions and various social markers. The situation is a consequence of the Union Territory’s history, largely influenced by Its colonial heritage. This essay acts as a backdrop to my proposed research project for the final thesis for the Master’s in Social and Cultural Anthropology, which focuses on the current dynamic of Inclusion and Exclusion under certain contexts in White Town, Puducherry. This essay begins to study the different attitudes colonies had towards ‘mixed-race’ populations, primarily in French India.
Local responses to the European refugee crisis: Volunteering and the critique on humanitarianism
Authors: Reinhard Alina Neneh
Published: December 2016

Since the summer of 2015 a wave of voluntary engagement with refugees has spread throughout Europe. In this context, tensions and concerns around the issue of help, power and solidarity have been debated. This article contributes to this debate by focusing on volunteering in the context of a so-called European refugee crisis.Based mostly on participant observation and informal interviews, this study explores the need to help from the point of view of volunteers and different actors within emerging formal and informal networks. In particular, my research aims at understanding the complex meanings of volunteering and its contested social role.On the one hand, based on data gathered during several months of fieldwork in Bern, Switzerland, this study examines volunteers’ perceptions, expectations and motivations. On the other hand, it focuses on ongoing negotiations of the role of volunteering, within an emerging network of established aid organizations, faith-based institutions, community organizations and volunteers.The anthropological critique on humanitarianism provides a theoretical basis for analyzing the moral obligations perceived by volunteers and the effects of the resulting relationships. Political theory will be employed in order to investigate emerging urban arrangements linked to volunteering in Bern. Based on my preliminary conclusions, I propose that by looking at humanitarian interventions, such as volunteering, the current position of civil society and its social and political potential can be demonstrated
Biomedical Application of Carbon Nanotubes for Proteins Extraction and Seperation
Authors: Hartmut Schlüter  , Mohammadreza Saboktakin
Published: December 2016

Measurement science and technology continue to play vital roles in biomedical research and in routine healthcare. Over recent decades there has been a steady evolution of sensors for biomedical measurement aimed at clinical care in hospitals, fundamental biomedical research in the laboratory, or even self-care in the home. The measurements of interest are diverse, ranging from pressure, force, flow and displacement to electrical field/charge, magnetic flux, and molecular species, such as gases, ions, proteins, bacteria, viruses, and DNA. In this review, we have studied several biomedical applications of nanotubes and nanowires for proteins measurements in cells. Also, These materials have a wide application as protein carriers and transporters. The wide applications of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) on the serious concerns about their safety on human health and environment have been studied.
A sociologia e as políticas públicas
Authors: Guerreiro Maria Das Dores
Published: December 2016

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A educação em Portugal: princípios e fundamentos constitucionais
Authors: Abrantes Pedro
Published: December 2016

As the Constitution of the Portuguese Republic (CRP) reaches its fortieth birthday, the present article looks at how leading national and international sociological studies view its stance on education. The way the CRP has been interpreted and the impacts it has had on the Portuguese education system are discussed, and a number of controversies, tensions and areas for future development are identified. Questions such as relations between the public and private sectors, the struggle against inequalities, lifelong learning, the management of democracy and education for citizenship are broached. In broad terms, the article argues that the CRP has played a leading role in changing the education system, and continues to be not only a fundamental instrument for promoting stability, but also a framework for transformative policies.
Fundamentos constitucionais da proteção social: continuidades e ruturas
Authors: Ferreira Ana Rita , Carolo Daniel , Pereira Mariana Trigo , Silva Pedro Adão e
Published: December 2016

This article discusses the ways in which the Constitution of the Portuguese Republic has embodied to the political choices made during the process of creating and defining a democratic welfare state and how the various constitutional principles are reflected in the architecture of the system and have gradually changed over the years. The authors argue that when Portugal transitioned to democracy, unlike other areas of the country’s social policies the social security system retained some of its earlier organising principles. Having said this, this resilience on the part of the Portuguese system’s Bismarckian template has not prevented social protection from expanding here in accordance with universal principles, and has given successive governments manoeuvring room in which to define programmatically distinct policies and implement differentiated reformist strategies. The paper concludes by arguing that while the Constitution has not placed an insurmountable limit on governments’ political action, it has served as a point of veto, namely by means of the way in which the Constitutional Court has defended the right to social protection, be it in the form of social insurance, be it in the imposition of certain social minima.
Targeted deletion of AKAP7 in dentate granule cells impairs spatial discrimination
Authors: Jones Brian W , Deem Jennifer , Younts Thomas J , Weisenhaus Michael , Sanford Christina A , Slack Margaret C , Chin Jenesa , Nachmanson Daniela , McKennon Alex , Castillo Pablo E , McKnight G Stanley
Published: December 2016

Protein Kinase A (PKA) mediates synaptic plasticity and is widely implicated in learning and memory. The hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) is thought to be responsible for processing and encoding distinct contextual associations in response to highly similar inputs. The mossy fiber (MF) axons of the dentate granule cells convey strong excitatory drive to CA3 pyramidal neurons and express presynaptic, PKA-dependent forms of plasticity. Here, we demonstrate an essential role for the PKA anchoring protein, AKAP7, in mouse MF axons and terminals. Genetic ablation of AKAP7 specifically from dentate granule cells results in disruption of MF-CA3 LTP directly initiated by cAMP, and the AKAP7 mutant mice are selectively deficient in pattern separation behaviors. Our results suggest that the AKAP7/PKA complex in the MF projections plays an essential role in synaptic plasticity and contextual memory formation.
Effect of distance between a magnet layer and an excitation antenna on the nonreciprocity of magnetostatic surface waves
Authors: Kasahara Kenji , Nakayama Masaki , Ya Xiaorui , Matsuyama Kimihide , Manago Takashi
Published: December 2016

We investigated the effect of the distance between a magnetic layer and an excitation antenna on the nonreciprocity of magnetostatic surface waves (MSSWs), using devices with various thicknesses of the SiO2 layer (t
SiO2) to isolate an antenna from a permalloy layer. The nonreciprocity of MSSWs increases with increasing t
SiO2. This increase in MSSW nonreciprocity is caused by an increase in the ratio of the MSSW excitation efficiency of the out-of-plane component of a microwave field to that of the in-plane component of a microwave field. Thus, we found that the nonreciprocity of MSSWs can be controlled by a very simple method.
InP/InGaAs Fermi-level managed barrier diode for broadband and low-noise terahertz-wave detection
Authors: Ito Hiroshi , Ishibashi Tadao
Published: December 2016

An InP/InGaAs heterobarrier rectifier called a Fermi-level managed barrier (FMB) diode was developed for attaining broadband and low-noise terahertz (THz) wave detection. The barrier height was controlled by doping in an InGaAs layer, achieving a very small barrier-height of 70 meV. The intrinsic zero-biased differential resistance obtained was 110 Ω for an FMB diode with a 0.4 µm2 junction area. The fabricated device assembled in a quasi-optical module detected THz-wave signals at frequencies from 200 GHz to 1 THz at room temperature. The peak current and voltage sensitivities were respectively 3.7 A/W and 1110 V/W at 300 GHz for a zero-biased condition. An FMB diode module with an integrated preamplifier was also developed for characterizing its performance in practical use. Signal detection at frequencies from 160 GHz to 1.4 THz was attained with a high sensitivity of 3.2 MV/W and a low noise-equivalent power of 3.0 pW/

at 300 GHz.
Consumo de vinhos na cidade do Recife (Brasil): uma pesquisa da relevância dos atributos da bebida no momento da compra
Authors: Diniz Nayara , Almeida Simone , Salazar Viviane , Souza Anderson Gomes de
Published: December 2016

Este estudo, de natureza teórico-empírica, diz respeito à identificação e análise de atributos relevantes no processo de decisão e compra de vinhos para consumidores do Recife. O modelo teórico adotado foi desenvolvido com base na identificação dos atributos do vinho avaliados mais frequentemente em estudos do comportamento do consumidor em diversos países. Consequentemente, com base no trabalho de Goodman et al. (2007), o grau de relevância de cada atributo foi classificado por meio da escala Best-Worst Scaling (BWS). Destarte, a abordagem metodológica adotada foi a quantitativa, cujo método de coleta de dados foi o questionário, adaptado de Forbes (2008) e Groot (2011), administrado em meio a um amostra de 100 consumidores. Os resultados mostraram que, preço, marca, prêmios, teor alcóolico e rótulo frontal atraente foram considerados atributos importantes para os consumidores. No entanto, os atributos decisivos para a decisão e compra eram outros: variedade da uva, país de origem do vinho, harmonização com alimentos e as informações no rótulo traseiro.
Os elementos que caracterizam o Cluster Turístico em Balneário Camboriú, Santa Catarina, Brasil
Authors: Sohn Ana Paula , Silvestrini Carolina , Fiuza Thamires Foletto , Limberger Pablo Flôres
Published: December 2016

O turismo promove o desenvolvimento regional que pode ser impulsionado por meio da formação de redes interorganizacionais como os clusters. Os clusters turísticos são compostos por instituições e organizações numa mesma região geográfica que almejam melhorar a sua competitividade. A perspectiva analítica dos clusters turísticos ganha cada vez mais importância no debate sobre desenvolvimento regional. Diante deste contexto a pesquisa tem como objetivo central descrever e analisar os elementos que caracterizam a constituição de um cluster turístico em Balneário Camboriú, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Para a identificação dos elementos constituintes do cluster realizou-se uma pesquisa exploratória, bibliográfica e documental. O modelo teórico de análise da maturidade adotado foi o proposto por Cunha (2003), este modelo foi escolhido porque incorpora critérios utilizados pela EURADA em suas pesquisas para classificação e avaliação do desempenho de aglomerados produtivos na União Européia. Por meio da metodologia aplicada, Balneário Camboriú (SC) é considerado um cluster turístico que promove por meio da cooperação entre os atores ganhos coletivos e o desenvolvimento do setor na região.
A generalized threshold model for computing bed load grain size distribution
Authors: Recking Alain
Published: December 2016

For morphodynamic studies, it is important to compute not only the transported volumes of bed load, but also the size of the transported material. A few bed load equations compute fractional transport (i.e., both the volume and grain size distribution), but many equations compute only the bulk transport (a volume) with no consideration of the transported grain sizes. To fill this gap, a method is proposed to compute the bed load grain size distribution separately to the bed load flux. The method is called the Generalized Threshold Model (GTM), because it extends the flow competence method for threshold of motion of the largest transported grain size to the full bed surface grain size distribution. This was achieved by replacing dimensional diameters with their size indices in the standard hiding function, which offers a useful framework for computation, carried out for each indices considered in the range [1, 100]. New functions are also proposed to account for partial transport. The method is very simple to implement and is sufficiently flexible to be tested in many environments. In addition to being a good complement to standard bulk bed load equations, it could also serve as a framework to assist in analyzing the physics of bed load transport in future research.
Photo‐Induced Charge Carrier Recombination Kinetics in Small Molecule Organic Solar Cells and the Influence of Film Nanomorphology
Authors: Ryan James W. , Palomares Emilio
Published: December 2016

Small molecule organic solar cells (SMOSCs) are at the forefront of organic solar cell research and have power conversion efficiencies that match the leading polymer:fullerene organic solar cells (>10%). However, the operating physics of SMOSCs is less understood than that of their polymer:fullerene counterparts. A stronger emphasis on understanding the working mechanisms of SMOSCs is thus required. This feature article aims to highlight methods for understanding a significant loss process in SMOSCs ‐ charge carrier recombination ‐ by using photo‐induced transient optoelectronic techniques. These techniques make it is possible to probe the charge carrier density and lifetime in devices under working conditions. Employing these techniques alongside detailed morphological studies allows relationships between interfacial recombination processes, molecular packing and film nanomorphology to be obtained and can subsequently lead to more efficent devices being produced.
Regioselective Hydrohydroxyalkylation of Styrene with Primary Alcohols or Aldehydes via Ruthenium‐Catalyzed C−C Bond Forming Transfer Hydrogenation
Authors: Xiao Hongde , Wang Gang , Krische Michael J.
Published: December 2016

Transfer hydrogenative coupling of styrene with primary alcohols using the precatalyst HClRu(CO)(PCy3)2 modified by AgOTf or HBF4 delivers branched or linear adducts from benzylic or aliphatic alcohols, respectively. Related 2‐propanol mediated reductive couplings also are described.
Diverse Activation Modes in the Hydroboration of Aldehydes and Ketones with Germanium, Tin, and Lead Lewis Pairs
Authors: Schneider Julia , Sindlinger Christian P. , Freitag Sarah M. , Schubert Hartmut , Wesemann Lars
Published: December 2016

Intramolecular germylene, stannylene, and plumbylene Lewis pairs were reacted with hexanal and yielded the cyclic addition products only with the germanium and tin reagents. In further reactivity studies, the hydroboration of aldehydes and ketones catalyzed by intramolecular germylene, stannylene, and plumbylene Lewis pairs was studied. In the case of the cyclic germylene Lewis pair, the product of the oxidative addition of pinacolborane at the germylene moiety was observed. According to stoichiometric as well as catalytic experiments, the intramolecular germylene Lewis pair acts as a catalyst in the hydroboration of aldehydes and ketones. The homologous stannylene Lewis pair forms a reactive tin hydride during the catalysis, which can also act as a catalyst in this transformation.