bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coerência na representação temática de artigos científicos na área de saúde pública
Authors: Santos Fatima Cristina Lopes dos , Mollica Maria Cecilia Magalhães , Guedes Vânia Lisboa Silveira
Published: February 2020

Resumo A pesquisa investiga a coerência semântica na indexação de artigos de periódicos na área de saúde pública, em língua portuguesa, indexados no Repositório de Produção Científica da Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca (ENSP) da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), visando contribuir com a interoperabilidade semântica entre os repositórios dessa Fundação. Para tal, foram analisados 10 artigos de periódicos científicos brasileiros, publicados em acesso aberto entre 2012-2014 e cadastrados no Repositório de Produção Científica da ENSP/Fiocruz. Os artigos foram processados nos softwares RankWord e WordSmith 6.0, aplicando-se depois as leis de Zipf e Ponto de Transição de Goffman para identificação dos termos de alta carga semântica dos textos. Os termos selecionados em cada artigo foram comparados nos 5 (cinco) indicadores utilizados na pesquisa: Região T de Goffman; Expressões WordSmith 6.0, Palavras-chave; DeCS (Descritores em Ciências da Saúde) e Título. Os resultados foram compilados utilizando-se o plano discursivo das orações, com ênfase em termos usados como figura (foregrounding) e em termos usados como fundo (backgrounding), auxiliando na verificação do grau de coerência entre os artigos. Os dados coletados revelam baixo grau de coerência semântica na maioria dos artigos estudados. Dessa forma, sugere-se uma investigação com amostra ampliada para confirmação dos dados obtidos, principalmente se tratando de artigos de periódicos publicados em português na área de saúde e sua importância na comunicação científica brasileira.
Arquivos da ditadura e acesso à informação: acervo memória e direitos humanos da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
Authors: Passarin Mariela , Karpinski Cezar
Published: February 2020

RESUMO Os estudos em torno do patrimônio documental do regime militar brasileiro propiciam o direito de acesso à informação e auxiliam a preservação da memória desse período histórico. Partindo dessa compreensão, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo principal analisar, a partir do prisma da Ciência da Informação, o processo de constituição de um sistema de organização e de gestão do conhecimento de um acervo específico, ainda em construção: o de “Memória e Direitos Humanos da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina”. A abordagem metodológica teve por base uma pesquisa qualitativa relacionada ao estudo desse acervo, e descritiva na análise da organização documental disponível no site do projeto. Como resultado parcial, o estudo mostra que a criação de um acervo digital pode permitir, além da centralização do conjunto documental, um sistema eficaz de recuperação e disponibilização da informação. Conclui-se que a abordagem relacionada ao tema informação e memória ressalta a importância da organização e gestão da informação desse acervo, no sentido de permitir a publicidade/difusão dos seus conteúdos, em sua totalidade, de maneira inteligível e transparente, possibilitando, assim, a devida problematização dessas fontes de pesquisa.
Acessibilidade, tecnologia assistiva e unidades de informação: articulações à realidade da inclusão
Authors: Hott Daniela Francescutti Martins , Fraz Joeanne Neves
Published: February 2020

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo é refletir sobre acessibilidade e Tecnologia Assistiva, destacando aspectos legislativos pertinentes e observando a necessidade de sensibilizar profissionais das unidades de informação a buscarem uma formação técnico-sistêmica para atender às demandas de uma realidade inclusiva de forma transversal. Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem teórica e exploratória, pois parte da vivência das autoras nas disciplinas cursadas em seus programas de Pós-Graduação (Ciência da Informação e em Educação, Universidade de Brasília - UnB), realização de seminários e reflexões sobre a realidade que a sociedade inclusiva e a acessibilidade apresentam às Unidades de Informação, tendo neste cenário as possibilidades da Tecnologia Assistiva. Os espaços públicos são para todas as pessoas, inclusive indivíduos com deficiência que possuem o direito de ir e vir.
From shame to visibility: Hashtag Feminism and Sexual Violence in Brazil
Authors: Almeida Heloisa Buarque de
Published: February 2020

Abstract This work reflects on Internet and social network campaigns against sexual harassment and sexual violence, from the moment they first appeared in alternative media and then reached mainstream news stories. In Brazil, such discussion on media has shown this struggle for recognition since 2013. With data from alternative and the hegemonic media from 20132018 focusing on “No more catcalling” (Chega de fiu fiu) and “My first harassment” (Meu primeiro assédio) campaigns and the NGO Think Olga, the article discusses the attempts made by the feminist field to change what they call “rape culture” through images and narratives of the self, searching for voice and recognition. The hegemonic media, nevertheless, prefer to focus on crime (such as paedophilia) and dramatic stories that are best sellers, and therefore change some of the meanings in dispute.
La ginecología natural en América Latina: Un movimiento sociocultural del presente
Authors: Sala Núria Calafell
Published: February 2020

Resumen Este artículo se propone describir algunas de las características de la Ginecología Natural, a partir de la consideración de su desarrollo como expresión sociocultural emergente en la última década en América Latina. Siguiendo los criterios de la teoría fundamentada, se describen dos de las categorías más comunes en una serie de textos escritos y circulados de manera independiente a lo largo del territorio en los últimos cuatro años. Por un lado, el principio informativo y pedagógico, que traza una trama de saberes recuperados y compartidos entre pares. Por el otro, un cuestionamiento constante de la deriva patologizadora y biomedicalizante de la medicina. Los resultados obtenidos permiten esbozar un ideario compartido, pero en constante transformación.
As parteiras tradicionais e a medicalização do parto na região rural do Amazonas
Authors: Oliveira Rônisson de Souza de , Peralta Nelissa , Sousa Marília de Jesus Silva e
Published: February 2020

Resumo Em comunidades rurais da Amazônia o saber partejar faz parte do domínio de algumas mulheres. No entanto, a ampliação do acesso à Saúde Pública aumentou a medicalização do parto, o que ressignifica o papel das parteiras. Este trabalho discute o papel das parteiras nesse contexto, as práticas e as técnicas tradicionais em uma região do Amazonas. O aprendizado do partejar acontece na adolescência e na juventude, as jovens são iniciadas no ofício acompanhando as parteiras mais velhas. Constatamos também que as parteiras exercem importante papel na decisão sobre o encaminhamento das mulheres para o parto nos hospitais das cidades, além do acompanhamento durante a gravidez, às vezes parto e puerpério. Dessa forma, continuam fazendo parte da rede de pessoas que se dedicam aos cuidados com o parto, na qual mais recentemente passaram a interagir práticas tradicionais e conhecimentos médico-científicos.
Adoção: políticas para a infância e juventude no Brasil?
Authors: Rinaldi Alessandra de Andrade
Published: February 2020

Resumo Este artigo tem por objetivo refletir sobre a Lei 13.509/17 que dispõe sobre adoção e altera a Lei 8.069/90 (Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente). Desejo entender quais os sentidos sobre adoção, filiação, exercício parental, famílias, práticas de justiça e políticas públicas que organizaram a promulgação desta lei. Em que medida a filiação adotiva pode estar sendo contemplada como uma política pública para a infância e a juventude? Será que a aposta na diminuição do tempo de um processo pode estar conectada à ideia de que adoção é solução do problema de crianças e jovens que são, em caráter protetivo, afastados de suas famílias de origem? Almejo analisar estas questões a partir do texto da lei, bem como por meio de debates públicos em revistas, jornais e outras mídias sobre o tema emitidos por profissionais ligados à Justiça da Infância e da Juventude.
Marcas na Escola: pichação , grafite e subjetividades no ensino com arte
Authors: Ferrari Anderson , Oliveira Bruna Tostes de
Published: February 2020

Resumo: Como as imagens podem produzir alunos e alunas como sujeitos pertencentes, ou não, a um determinado lugar? Essa questão nos levou para o que é conhecido como pichação para entender os processos de constituição dos sujeitos em meio a discursos de valorização e desvalorização dessa expressão e marca na cidade. Trabalhamos com a perspectiva pós-estruturalista, com especial inspiração nos estudos de Michel Foucault para pensar que somos resultado de discursos atravessados por relações de poder. Assim, a pichação torna-se um problema de diferentes discursos imersos nos jogos de verdadeiro e falso que acabam por constituir esse objeto de pensamento.
Uma Palavra Detestável: do encontro entre literatura, escrita e educação
Authors: Garcia Silas Sampaio , Aquino Julio Groppa
Published: February 2020

Resumo: Perspectivando as práticas literárias no escopo das pedagogias culturais, o presente ensaio analisa os (contra)efeitos da voz pública dos escritores - de circulação sobretudo jornalística - como vetor de um controle difuso dos modos de escrita não literários, incluindo os escolares. Na companhia teórica de Michel Foucault, argumenta-se que a literatura, quando associada a um leitmotiv pedagógico, converte-se em um aparato veridictivo-subjetivador sustentado pela discursividade em torno dos escritores, acarretando um problema político no que tange à liberdade da escrita. Por fim, advoga-se em favor de um endereçamento desimpedido ao gesto escritural, capaz de desdobrá-lo em uma miríade de efetuações possíveis.
Desenvolvimento de linguagem e das habilidades auditivas em prematuros adequados e pequenos para a idade gestacional: idade cronológica entre 18 e 36 meses
Authors: Gouveia Amanda Santiago de , Oliveira Mariani Maria de Freitas , Goulart Ana Lúcia , Azevedo Marisa Frasson de , Perissinoto Jacy
Published: February 2020

RESUMO Objetivo O estudo teve por objetivo identificar se o desenvolvimento das habilidades auditivas no primeiro ano de vida relaciona-se com o desenvolvimento de linguagem em neonatos pré-termo com idade cronológica entre 18 e 36 meses verificando se o desempenho de linguagem varia em função da relação peso/idade gestacional. Método Estudo retrospectivo e longitudinal aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da Instituição. Amostra composta por 66 neonatos prematuros de ambos os sexos de 18 a 36 meses de idade, distribuídos conforme a adequação peso/idade gestacional em dois grupos: (a) GAIG: 39 neonatos com peso adequado à idade gestacional, sendo 26 com desenvolvimento auditivo normal e 13 com alterado; (b) GPIG: 27 neonatos pequenos para a idade gestacional, 18 com desenvolvimento auditivo normal e 9 com alterado. A partir das consultas aos prontuários do serviço de acompanhamento dos neonatos, verificaram-se os resultados do desenvolvimento das habilidades auditivas no primeiro ano de vida e avaliação da recepção, expressão e total de Linguagem (Menezes, 2003). Adotados como procedimentos estatísticos o ANOVA e o teste de Igualdade de Duas Proporções. Resultados O desempenho de linguagem não diferiu nos grupos GAIG e GPIG. Quando considerados o desenvolvimento auditivo normal e o alterado, em GAIG e GPIG, observou-se diferença significante na Recepção e Total de linguagem. As crianças com desenvolvimento auditivo normal apresentaram um maior percentual de adequação de linguagem. Conclusão A alteração das habilidades auditivas no primeiro ano de vida interferiu mais no desenvolvimento da linguagem do que a relação peso/idade gestacional.
Indicadores de risco para a deficiência auditiva e aquisição da linguagem e sua relação com variáveis socioeconômicas, demográficas e obstétricas em bebês pré-termo e a termo
Authors: Nascimento Gicélia Barreto , Kessler Themis Maria , Souza Ana Paula Ramos de , Costa Inaê , Moraes Anaelena Bragança de
Published: February 2020

RESUMO Objetivo Comparar a frequência de indicadores de risco em bebês nascidos pré-termo e a termo; analisar as possíveis relações entre a presença de risco para perda auditiva com variáveis socioeconômicas, demográficas, obstétricas e risco à linguagem. Método Trata-se de um estudo de coorte longitudinal com amostra de 87 bebês. Foram coletados dados gestacionais, obstétricos e sociodemográficos das mães e dos bebês. A classificação socioeconômica das famílias foi analisada por meio do Critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil. O risco à linguagem foi avaliado por meio dos Sinais Enunciativos de Aquisição da Linguagem e Teste Denver II. Os dados foram analisados utilizando o programa STATISTICA 9.1, por meio dos Testes Quiquadrado e U de Mann-Whitney, Modelo de regressão linear simples e múltiplo. Resultados A permanência em UTI neonatal (65,52%), ototóxico (48,28%), ventilação mecânica (39,66%) e hiperbilirrubinemia (46,55%) foram os indicadores de risco mais frequentes na amostra. Considerando fatores socioeconômicos, demográficos e obstétricos, houve correlação entre pré-natal, idade gestacional, peso ao nascer e alimentação com o risco auditivo. A aquisição e desenvolvimento de linguagem mostrou significância estatística com a varicela, HIV, Apgar e peso >1500 gramas. Conclusão Os prematuros apresentaram maior frequência de indicadores de risco, comparados aos bebês a termo. Dos fatores ambientais, o pré-natal que interfere no desfecho da idade gestacional, peso ao nascer, apgar e presença de doenças infecciosas, além da alimentação, despontaram como significativos relacionados com o desenvolvimento da audição e a aquisição da linguagem. A prematuridade foi o fator biológico relevante relacionado ao risco auditivo e linguístico.
Concepções genderizadas na análise de deferimento das Medidas Protetivas de Urgência (MPUs)
Authors: Prando Camila Cardoso de Mello , Borges Maria Paula Benjamim
Published: February 2020

Resumo Este artigo aborda, sob o marco teórico da vitimologia feminista de Sandra Walklate, de gênero de Raewyn Connel e de stalking de Marlene Matos e Helena Grangeia, a maneira como as decisões judiciais operam o conceito de gênero em suas decisões associadas a casos de stalking, a partir das categorias de violência, risco e medo. Os objetos de análise foram oito Medidas Protetivas de Urgência (MPUs) indeferidas que passaram pela Defensoria Pública do Distrito Federal - Núcleo de Violência Doméstica e Familiar contra a Mulher, entre janeiro e julho de 2017, as quais apresentavam condutas de stalking. A partir da metodologia da análise de conteúdo, descobriu-se que os indeferimentos das MPUs se deram sob três vertentes: i) desconsideração das violências de gênero; ii) rejeição do medo da vítima como categoria legítima para se avaliar pedidos de MPUs; iii) baixa avaliação do risco para a segurança da vítima nos casos em que não se operam violências físicas.
A Judicialização da saúde nos sistemas público e privado de saúde: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Freitas Beatriz Cristina de , Fonseca Emílio Prado da , Queluz Dagmar de Paula
Published: February 2020

No Brasil, o direito à saúde tem previsão constitucional e universal. No entanto, a via judicial tem sido muito utilizada para acesso a bens e serviços de saúde. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo foi revisar a literatura sobre a judicialização da saúde entre 2004 e 2017. A partir de pergunta estruturada, foram revisadas as bases de dados PubMed/MEDLINE, Lilacs, SciELO, Scopus e Bireme/BVS. A maioria das ações refere-se a medicamentos. Houve consenso quanto à característica individual das litigações, à preponderância da prescrição médica e à constitucionalidade da saúde integral. Há divergências em relação a possíveis interferências das decisões judiciais na gestão e na efetivação das políticas públicas e do direito à saúde. Estudos apontam falhas na gestão e disfunções nos sistemas de saúde. Os perfis das demandas de saúde levados à justiça podem auxiliar os gestores de saúde na reorientação das práticas assistenciais.
QUALITY OF LIFE IN CAREGIVERS OF PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH CEREBRAL PALSY AND GASTROSTOMY TUBE FEEDING
Authors: FIGUEIREDO Aldvan Alves , LOMAZI Elizete Aparecida , MONTENEGRO Maria Augusta , BELLOMO-BRANDÃO Maria Angela
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Cerebral palsy is the most common cause of physical disability in childhood. Caregivers of patients presenting tetraparesis cerebral palsy (TCP) and gastrostomy tube feeding (GTF) were selected for this study because both conditions represent a great demand for their caregivers. OBJECTIVE: To describe the quality of life related to the state of health of caregivers of patients with TCP who were fed by gastrostomy, to assess the results linked to the mental health of these caregivers, to compare our data with data from other studies on children with cerebral palsy without gastrostomy and to evaluate the possible interference of gastrostomy in the quality of life. METHODS: A number of 30 major caregivers were interviewed and assessed. Quality of life and mental health tools applied and analyzed only for caregivers were: Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), WHOQOL-BREF and Beck scales. Other information (age, gender, marital status, number of residents per household and psychological support) was evaluated. The Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used to analyze. A 5% significance level was adopted. RESULTS: Results obtained through questionnaires are as follows: moderate hopelessness in 20% of caregivers (the higher the number of residents per household the higher the level of caregiver’s hopelessness); moderate and severe anxiety in 33.33% of the sample studied; moderate and severe depression identified in 46.67% of interviewed caregivers; health-related quality of life of caregivers of patients with TCP were found to be below world averages; no significant figures for suicide potential were noted for the population under this study. CONCLUSION: The HRQOL of caregivers of TCP patients who were fed by gastrostomy is below the average of the general population. Our results are very similar to those found in other studies that evaluated caregivers of patients with cerebral palsy with different degrees of neurological impairment and no report of using GTF, suggesting that the presence of gastrostomy did not negatively interfere with the caregiver’s HRQOL.
EVALUATION AND SELECTION OF CANDIDATES FOR LIVER TRANSPLANTATION: AN ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE
Authors: RODRÍGUEZ Santiago , MOTTA Fabio Da , BALBINOTO NETO Giacomo , BRANDÃO Ajacio
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Over the next 20 years, the number of patients on the waiting list for liver transplantation (LTx) is expected to increase by 23%, while pre-LTx costs should raise by 83%. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate direct medical costs of the pre-LTx period from the perspective of a tertiary care center. METHODS: The study included 104 adult patients wait-listed for deceased donor LTx between October 2012 and May 2016 whose treatment was fully provided at the study transplant center. Clinical and economic data were obtained from electronic medical records and from a hospital management software. Outcomes of interest and costs of patients on the waiting list were compared through the Kruskal-Wallis test. A generalized linear model with logit link function was used for multivariate analysis. P-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The costs of patients who underwent LTx ($8,879.83; 95% CI 6,735.24-11,707.27; P<0.001) or who died while waiting ($6,464.73; 95% CI 3,845.75-10,867.28; P=0.04) were higher than those of patients who were excluded from the list for any reason except death ($4,647.78; 95% CI 2,469.35-8,748.04; P=0.254) or those who remained on the waiting list at the end of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Although protocols of inclusion on the waiting list vary among transplant centers, similar approaches exist and common problems should be addressed. The results of this study may help centers with similar socioeconomic realities adjust their transplant policies.
PERORAL (POEM) OR SURGICAL MYOTOMY FOR THE TREATMENT OF ACHALASIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Authors: MARTINS Rafael Krieger , RIBEIRO Igor Braga , DE MOURA Diogo Turiani Hourneaux , HATHORN Kelly E , BERNARDO Wanderley Marques , DE MOURA Eduardo Guimarães Hourneaux
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Achalasia is a neurodegenerative motility esophageal disorder characterized by failure of lower esophageal sphincter relaxation. The conventional treatment option for achalasia has been laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM). However, in 2010, Inoue et al. described peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM), a minimally invasive procedure, as an alternative therapy. To date, some studies with small sample sizes have aimed to compare outcomes of LHM vs POEM. OBJECTIVE: Thus, the aim of this study is to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to better evaluate the efficacy and safety of these two techniques. METHODS: Individualized search strategies were developed from inception through April 2019 in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Variables analyzed included operative time, overall adverse events rate, post-procedure gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), hospitalization length, post-procedure pain score, and Eckardt Score reduction. RESULTS: Twelve cohort trials were selected, consisting of 893 patients (359 in POEM group and 534 in LHM.) No randomized clinical trials were available. There was no difference in operative time (MD= -10,26, 95% CI (-5,6 to 8,2), P<0.001) or Post-Operative Gastroesophageal Reflux (RD: -0.00, 95%CI: (-0.09, 0.09), I2: 0%). There was decreased length of hospital stay for POEM (MD: -0.6, 95% CI (-1.11, -0.09), P=0.02), and an increased mean reduction in Eckardt score in POEM patients (MD = -0.257, 95% CI: (-0.512 to -0.002), P=0.048), with similar rates of adverse events. CONCLUSION: POEM demonstrated similar results compared to laparoscopic Heller myotomy with regards to improvement of dysphagia, post-procedure reflux, and surgical time, with the benefit of shorter length of hospital stay. Therefore, POEM can be considered an option for patients with achalasia.
Morphology, Anatomy, Palynology and Seed Micromorphology of Turkish Endemic Verbascum exuberans Hub.-Mor. (Scrophulariaceae)
Authors: AKTAS K. , ÖZDEMIR C. , ÖZDEMIR B.
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT: Verbascum L. is the largest genus of the family Scrophulariceae and includes several species are of medicinal importance. The high morphological diversity among the species of the genus Verbascum causes problems in the delimitation of the species. In this study, morphological, anatomical, palynological and seed properties of Verbascum exuberans were investigated. It is a local endemic restricted to the provinces of Manisa and Izmir in West Anatolia. In the root cross-section, the xylem elements occupy a considerable area. The upper part of the epidermis cells in the stem cross-section is covered a distinct cuticle layer. The main vein of the leaf is shapped as bicollateral bundle. Idioblasts were not observed in the epidermis of the leaves of V. exuberans. Seeds of V. exuberans are dark brown and oblong to prismatic and alveolate. Hilum is short and orbicular. The seed coat ornamentation is reticulate-rugose. Pollen grains usually radially symmetrical, isopolar, prolate, tricolpate. Tectum is reticulate.
Allelopathic Influence of Sorghum Aqueous Extracts and Sorghum Powder on Germination Indices and Seedling Vigor of Hybrid Corn and Jungle Rice
Authors: YAR S. , KHAN E.A. , HUSSAIN I. , RAZA B. , ABBAS M.S. , MUNAZZA Z.
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT: Allelopathy has become a paramount tool for controlling weeds in crop plants without deteriorating the environment. Allelopathic effects of sorghum aqueous extracts and sorghum powder on a single cross maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid “HC-8080” and a summer weed, jungle rice (Echinochloa colona L.) were assessed in the research laboratory of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KPK, Pakistan. The treatments included: T1: control (untreated check), T2: sorghum aqueous extract at a rate of 5 mL kg-1 soil, T3: sorghum aqueous extract at a rate of 10 mL kg-1 soil, T4: sorghum aqueous extract at a rate of 15 mL kg-1 soil, T5: sorghum powder at a rate of 5 g kg-1 soil, T6: sorghum powder at a rate of 10 g kg-1 soil and T7: sorghum powder at a rate of 15 g kg-1 soil. The results unveiled that sorghum aqueous extract at a rate of 15 mL kg-1 soil was the most deleterious treatment which reduced the germination percentage (GP) in maize and E. colona by 23.57% and 47.03%, germination index (GI) by 22.30% and 42.14%, root length by 32.25% and 62.54% and shoot length by 23.22% and 62.76%, respectively over control. Similarly, 15 g kg-1 soil sorghum powder reduced the same parameters respectively by 18.85% and 41.09%, 15% and 33.53%, 9.3% and 54.69% and 15.88% and 45.34% in maize and E. colona, respectively and stood better than other powder treatments. Therefore it is concluded that sorghum extracts and powder can both be used to control weeds efficiently but their deleterious effect on the corresponding crop should also be an important consideration.
Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Slender Amaranth Weed
Authors: AKBAR M. , SHERAZI I.N. , IQBAL M.S. , KHALIL T. , WAQAS H.M.
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT: In the present study, antibacterial and antioxidant [1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity] activities of a weed, slender amaranth (Amaranthus viridis L.) were investigated. Extracts of different plant parts were prepared in n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate. Antibacterial activity was measured by using 100 mg mL-1 concentration extracts against 4 deadly phytopathogenic bacterial species viz. Pseudomonas syringae Van Hall, Ralstonia solanacearum Smith, Erwinia carotovora (Jones), Holland and Xanthomonas axonopodis Hasse. In antioxidants assays, 10, 20 and 30 mg mL-1 extracts were used keeping DPPH as control. In these bioassays, ethyl acetate fraction of A. viridis leaf exhibited the best antibacterial and antioxidants activity. Ethyl acetate leaf fraction showed the highest inhibition zone diameter (IZD) where it caused 21 mm IZD against P. syringae and 19 mm IZD against E. carotovora. This extract also showed 22, 52 and 84% antioxidant activity at 10, 20 and 30 mg mL-1 concentrations, respectively. Previously there is no report available that describes antibacterial activity of root extract of A. viridis against P. syringae. Moreover, antioxidant activity of stem and root extracts in n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate was investigated first time in the world. It was concluded that the biological activities observed during the present investigation may be due to the presence of bioactive constituents that can be harnessed as natural antibacterials and antioxidants.
Naphthalene Acetic Acid and Irrigation Regimes Influence Paddy Yield and its Economics under Arid Conditions
Authors: HASNAIN Z. , BAKHSH I. , HUSSAIN I. , SHEHERYAR  , E.A. KHAN
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT: The study aimed to highlight the impact of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and irrigation regimes on the productivity of coarse rice under agro-ecological conditions of Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan. The experiment was comprised of two factors with four levels (0, 60, 90, 120 mL ha-1) of NAA and irrigation at the depths (60, 75, 90 and 105 cm) of soil profile. The data was interpreted to observe the plant height (cm), productive tillers (m-2), sterility percentage (%), biological yield (t ha-1), and grain yield (t ha-1) of coarse rice. The benefit cost ratio (BCR) was also calculated. The results indicated that the application of NAA was found very effective in improving paddy yield and hence resulted in better BCR value. The maximum paddy yield was attained under the application of NAA 90 mL ha-1 as PGR (NAA) at 75 cm irrigation depth. The experimental data confirm that the application of NAA at the rate of 90 mL ha-1 with irrigation upto depth of 75 cm increases grain yield in rice and ensures better economic returns, thus inclusion of 90 mL ha-1 as PGR (NAA) at 75 cm irrigation depth under arid conditions assist in boosting paddy yield.
Understanding the Competitive Effects of Blessed Milkthistle Densities on Wheat
Authors: REHMAN A. , QAMAR R. , SAFDAR M.E. , JAVEED H.M.R. , SHEHZAD M. , ALI M. , ASIF M. , TARAR Z.H. , AHMED A. , JAMIL M.
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT: Weed-induced yield loss in wheat crop is a great threat to food security in Pakistan. A comprehensive understanding of weed-crop competition is very important to develop sustainable and cost-effective weed management. For this purpose, two-year field studies were conducted to determine the effect of different blessed milkthistle densities on the phenology and yield of wheat crop in a rice-wheat cropping scheme in Sargodha, Pakistan during 2013-2014 and 2014-2015. The experiment comprised seven treatments: control (weed free), weedy check (weedy without any control) and blessed milkthistle densities of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 plants m-2. In response to increasing weed density, a gradual reduction in yield and yield-related traits of wheat was noted. Compared to the weed-free control, a significant reduction in number of productive tillers m-2 (20% and 18%), plant height (15% and 18%), spike length (19% and 26%), number of grains spike-1 (23% and 26%), 1000 grain weight (28% and 28%), grain (29% and 30%) and biological (20% and 24%) yields of wheat occurred at and beyond blessed milkthistle density of 5 plants m-2 during 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 respectively. It can be concluded that blessed milkthistle weed must be controlled if its population density reaches 5 plants m-2 in order to avoid significant grain yield losses in wheat.
Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Euphorbia helioscopia
Authors: WAHEED K. , MUHAMMAD S.K. , SHOMAILA A. , MUHAMMAD Z. , IZHAR U. , ULLAH S.
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT: Medicinal Plants have been used throughout the world by human beings as a drug and remedies for various diseases since time immemorial. A study was planned to count into the antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening of Euphorbia helioscopia. The plants were gathered and tested against some standard strains and some human pathogenic microorganisms i.e Escherichia coli, Bacillus Subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and three fungal strain Trichoderma, R hizopus nigricans, Aspergillus niger. The concentrations of extracting samples (500 and 1,000 mg mL-1) were used against pathogens. Ciprofloxacin was used as positive control in case of bacterial strains and Colfrimazol was used against the fungal strain while dimethyl sulfoxide as negative control. The outcomes indicated that the positive wells potency of Water extract had a 36 mm diameter of zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli and ethanol extract at 1,000 mg mL-1 had maximum (34 mm) zone of inhibition against Bacillus subtilus (36 mm) zone of inhibition against Klebsiella pneumonia and 33 mm of zone of inhibition against Trichoderma harzianum. Likewise, water extract at a concentration of 1,000 mg mL-1 resulted highest value of zone of inhibition (36 mm) against Staphylococcus aureus, a zone of inhibition ( mm) against Salmonella typhi, 36 mm zone of inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, (32 mm) zone of inhibition against Rhizopus nigricans, a 34 mm zone of inhibition against Acremonium and (34 mm) zone of inhibition against Aspergillus niger. The most susceptible bacteria were K. pneumonia and Bacillus subtilis, while E. coli was the most resistant bacteria and showed zone of inhibition. The ethanolic extract had tannins, lipid, total proteins, carbohydrates, flavonoids, Alkaloid and polyphenolics.
Adsorption Isotherms of Diuron and Hexazinone in Drinking Water Using Four Agro-Industrial Residues
Authors: TAKESHITA V. , MENDES K.F. , PIMPINATO R.F. , TORNISIELO V.L.
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT: Materials with high organic carbon content are studied for the removal of herbicides from water, such as activated carbon. Low cost alternatives should be investigated for the substitution of this type of material in the removal of herbicides from water. In this context, the aim of this research was to evaluate four agro-industrial residues (white grape bagasse, corn straw, peanut shell and soybean hull) as adsorbents of diuron and hexazinone in drinking water. Samples of drinking water were collected from sources used for human consumption. Five concentrations (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mg mL-1) of each herbicide were added to the potable water samples. Each experimental unit consisted of 10 mL of a solution of water and herbicide with 0.1 g of each agro-industrial residue. Sorption was evaluated using the batch equilibrium method. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the amount of herbicide present in the aqueous solution. The Kf (Freundlich coefficient) of diuron was higher (2.99-11.93 mmol(1-1/n) L1/n kg-1) than hexazinone (2.31-4.61 mmol(1-1/n) L1/n kg-1) for all adsorbents used. Diuron percentage sorption was higher with white grape bagasse (51.15%) and peanut husk (52.44%), and hexazinone with corn straw (22.77%) and white grape marc (21.48%), than other agro-industrial waste for both herbicides. Even though the sorption of diuron was more pronounced than that of hexazinone, the sorption values obtained in this study were less than 52.44% and considered unsatisfactory in terms of effective removal from contaminated water.
Influence of Soil Depth on Sorption and Desorption Processes of Hexazinone
Authors: CHITOLINA G.M. , MENDES K.F. , ALMEIDA C.S. , ALONSO F.G. , JUNQUEIRA L.V. , TORNISIELO V.L.
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT: Herbicides with a high leaching capacity, such as hexazinone, tend to reach deeper soils more easily, where retention of the product affects its availability in the soil solution. Therefore, it is important to understand the behavior of hexazinone at a variety of soil depths. The objective of this research was to evaluate the sorption and desorption of hexazinone throughout the soil profile. The sorption and desorption processes of 14C-hexazinone [triazine-6-14C] at three soil depths (0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm) were evaluated by the equilibrium batch method, and the radioactivity of the herbicide was quantified by liquid scintillation spectrometry. Five different concentrations of hexazinone (0.12, 0.19, 0.25, 0.31, and 0.38 µg mL-1) in a methanol solvent were used. The concentrations of the herbicide in equilibrium and sorbed in the soil were adjusted by using isotherms according to the Linear, Freundlich, and Langmuir models. Hexazinone sorption at soil depths of 0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm showed decreasing Freundlich coefficients (Kf) with values of 0.18, 0.11, and 0.08 g (1-1/n) L1/n kg-1 (50.49, 47.58, and 46.37% sorbed), and in the desorption the Kf were 7.96, 7.93, and 9.82 g (1-1/n) L1/n kg-1 (26.17, 26.58, and 28.68% desorbed), respectively. The small difference in organic carbon content between soil depths was sufficient to affect hexazinone retention, interfering with the bioavailability of this product in the soil solution for weed control.
Tolerance of Cabbage Crop to Auxin Herbicides
Authors: NASCIMENTO A.L.V. , PEREIRA G.A.M. , PUCCI L.F. , ALVES D.P. , GOMES C.A. , REIS M.R.
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT: The presence of weeds in cabbage cultivation areas causes a reduction in the productivity and quality of the commercial product. Given the difficulties in management and the scarcity of registered products for weed control in cabbage cultivation, this study aimed to evaluate the tolerance of the cabbage cultivars Astrus Plus to the herbicides 2,4-D and dicamba. Two experiments were performed; one under controlled conditions and another conducted in the field. The efficacy of the herbicides on the initial growth of the crop was evaluated in the first experiment, measuring the dry matter of the aerial part, the root of the plant, and evaluating the intoxication of the plants. Plant poisoning was also evaluated in the second experiment, along with crop production. No changes in the dry matter and plant poisoning were observed after the analyses performed in the controlled environment, showing that the cabbage presented tolerance to the applied herbicides. On the other hand, results from the experiments performed in the field showed that herbicide 2,4-D poisoned the cabbage causing reductions in production. Dicamba did not cause any damage in the initial phase of cultivation to this crop, with no reductions in its production. These results indicated the potential use of this herbicide in cabbage cultivation. It can be concluded from this study that the cultivar Astrus Plus is tolerant to dicamba. Under controlled conditions, 2,4-D does not cause toxicity to this cultivar, different from its effect when used in the field, where this herbicide can kill the cabbage plants.
Genetic Dissimilarity in Conyza sumatrensis Revealed by Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Markers
Authors: SCHNEIDER T. , RIZZARDI M.A. , BRAMMER S.P. , SCHEFFER-BASSO S.M. , NUNES A.L.
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT: In view of the rapid evolution of Conyza sumatrensis populations resistant to glyphosate, it is necessary to understand the genetic diversity aimed to improve strategies for managing this weed. We investigated the genetic dissimilarity among 15 biotypes of C. sumatrensis from different geographic regions using microsatellite loci. The biotypes, were cultivated in a greenhouse to obtain vegetal material for DNA extraction. Nineteen microsatellite markers (SSR), were developed for C. sumatrensis biotypes. The genetic dissimilarity was estimated by the Jaccard coefficient (JC) and the biotypes grouped by the UPGMA method. The results demonstrated a high dissimilarity (JC = 7.14 to 82.62) of the analyzed material, with the biotypes forming five groups, being one group formed just by the susceptible biotype and in the others grouped by biotypes from distinct locations in the same group The high genetic diversity of C. sumatrensis indicates that the biotypes may show different responses to different management strategies, and that the mechanisms of resistance to herbicides and characteristics of evolution of populations due to adaptability may be some of the factors involved in the genetic variability of the species.
First case report of nematode parasitic myelopathy in a wild feline in Brazil
Authors: Dazzi Cláudia Cerutti , Santos Alex dos , Machado Tanise Policarpo , Ataíde Michelli Westphal de , Rodriguez Rubens , Pereira Ananda Müller , García Paulina Sepúlveda , Motta Adriana Costa da
Published: February 2020

Abstract Parasitic myelopathy caused by Gurltia paralysans in domestic cats is a disease commonly reported in several South American countries. The adult parasite is lodged in the meningeal veins and spinal cord, often causing clinical manifestations of vascular proliferation, thrombophlebitis, and medullary compression. Wild felines are believed to be the definitive hosts of this parasite. The infection occurs through the ingestion of paratenic hosts, but the life cycle of G. paralysans is not yet clearly understood. In this paper, we discuss a case of parasitic myelopathy in a margay (Leopardus wiedii) that died during post-surgical care. Necropsy revealed focal hemorrhages in the thoracolumbar spinal cord. A microscopic examination revealed adult nematodes and eggs inside the veins of subarachnoid space in spinal cord, suggesting G. paralysans infection. This is first description of parasitic myelopathy in a margay in Brazil.
Clinical-dermatological, histological abnormalities and prevalence of Trypanosoma caninum and Leishmania infantum in dogs from Midwest region of Brazil
Authors: Makino Herica , Moreira Janaina Marcela Assunção Rosa , Bezerra Kalinne Stephanie , Otsubo Amanda Atsumy Funakawa , Bortolini Juliano , Sousa Valéria Régia Franco , Dutra Valeria , Colodel Edson Moleta , Nakazato Luciano , Almeida Arleana do Bom Parto Ferreira de
Published: February 2020

Abstract Leishmania infantum is a trypanosomatid that causes parasitic dermatopathy in dogs. Trypanosoma caninum is another trypanosomatid, which infects the skin of dogs, although cutaneous abnormalities are absent. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of T. caninum infection and its associated cutaneous and histological changes and compare it with the occurrence of L. infantum infection in dogs. The study included 150 dogs, of which T. caninum infection was identified in 3 (2%) and L. infantum infection in 15 (10%) of them, with no association (p>0.05) of these infections with the breed, gender, age, or cutaneous abnormalities. The cutaneous abnormalities were based on 1 (4.8%) and 12 (57.1%) dogs infected by T. caninum and L. infantum, respectively. The dermatohistopathological abnormalities in the dogs infected with T. caninum included mild perivascular lymphohistioplasmacytic infiltrates in the clinically asymptomatic ones, while in those with dermatological abnormalities, acanthosis, epidermal orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis, melanomacrophages, and co-infection with Microsporum sp. and Trichophyton sp. were observed. InL. infantum infected, the histopathological findings included chronic granulomatous inflammatory infiltrates and structures compatible with amastigotes. Despite the low frequency of T. caninum infection, our findings suggest that this trypanosomatid, unlike L. infantum, does not cause any macroscopic skin abnormalities.
Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii in domestic cattle, sheep, goats and pigs from São Tomé and Príncipe
Authors: Pereira Daniela Cruz , Dubey Jitender Pradash , Mata Alfredo da , Neto Helda , Cardoso Luís , Lopes Ana Patrícia
Published: February 2020

Abstract Despite the global importance of the zoonotic parasite Toxoplasma gondii, little is known regarding its infection in the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe (DRSTP). This is the first report of antibodies to T. gondii in cattle, sheep, goats and pigs from the DRSTP. Antibodies were assessed by the modified agglutination test (MAT), with a cut-off titer of 100 for cattle and 20 for sheep, goats and pigs. The present study revealed an overall seroprevalence of 55.8%; 27.1% in 48 cattle, 68.4% in 98 sheep, 70.1% in 97 goats and 43.7% in 103 pigs. The south geographical area for cattle, the central area for sheep, and adult age and living in the central region for goats were found to be risk factors for seropositivity to T. gondii. These results support the scenario of a considerable presence of sporulated oocysts as well as of infected intermediate hosts in the local environment. Consumption of raw or undercooked meat should be considered as an important potential source of infection for animals and humans in the DRSTP.
Scuticociliatosis caused by Uronema sp. in ten different ornamental aquarium reef fish in Brazil
Authors: Cardoso Pedro Henrique Magalhães , Moreno Luisa Zanolli , Moreno Andrea Micke , Balian Simone de Carvalho , Oliveira Carolina Helena de , Soares Herbert Sousa , Martins Maurício Laterça , Rodrigues Marianna Vaz
Published: February 2020

Abstract Scuticociliatosis, caused by an opportunistic ciliate protozoan, is responsible for significant economic losses in marine ornamental fish. This study reports the occurrence of Uronema spp., parasitizing ten species of marine reef fish at an ornamental fish wholesaler: Blue green damselfish (Chromis viridis), Vanderbilt’s Chromis (Chromis vanderbilti), Pennant coralfish (Heniochus acuminatus), Threespot angelfish (Apolemichthys trimaculatus), Goldspotted angelfish (Apolemichthys xanthopunctatus), Sea goldie (Pseudanthias squamipinnis), Orchid dottyback (Pseudochromis fridmani), Threadfin butterflyfish (Chaetodon auriga), Vagabond butterflyfish (Chaetodon vagabundus), and Bluecheek butterflyfish (Chaetodon semilarvatus). Diseased fish showed disorders such as hemorrhages and ulcerative lesions on the body surface. Histopathological analysis of the muscle, liver, gut, kidney, spleen, gills, and stomach revealed hemorrhages and degeneration of muscle fiber, vacuolar degeneration of hepatocyte, inflammatory process and granuloma in the liver, atrophy of intestinal villi, inflammatory process and granuloma in the kidney, melanomacrophage centers, as well as inflammatory process in the spleen, epithelial cells hyperplasia and granuloma formation in the gills, and vacuolar degeneration and eosinophils in the stomach. Due to the severity of the disease, it is necessary to implement biosecurity measures with rapid and accurate diagnosis to minimize the risk of economic losses caused by Uronema spp.
First report of Davaneidae and Strongylida parasitizing Ramphocelus carbo (Aves: Passeriformes: Thraupidae) in the southwest of the Brazilian Amazon region
Authors: Souza Leandro Siqueira de , Guilherme Edson , Gul Saba , Andrade Angela Maria Fortes de , Santos Francisco Glauco de Araújo
Published: February 2020

Abstract In Brazil, species of the genus Ramphocelus with the presence of various endoparasites have already been reported. Coccidia have been the parasites most frequently found. All species of this genus have similar habitats and ecological niches, which makes parasite transmission easy. The aim of this study was to diagnose the presence of endoparasites in fecal samples from specimens of Ramphocelus carbo that were caught in the Cazumbá-Iracema Extractive Reserve (Cazumbá Resex), in the State of Acre. The specimens (n = 30) were caught in mist nets arranged in different ecosystems of the Reserve. After identification, the bird specimens were placed in cloth bags for a maximum of 30 minutes to collect feces. Among the 22 samples collected, 63.63% (n = 14) were positive for endoparasites. The coccidia were the parasites most frequently. Helminths belonging to Ascaridiidae (Nematoda), Strongylida (Nematoda) and Davaneidae (Cestoda) were recorded for the first time in R. carbo in the State of Acre. Parasites belonging to Strongylida and Davaneidae were recorded for the first time in a species of Ramphocelus. These findings add information on the parasitic fauna of wild birds, since in the Amazon region there are few studies on this subject.
Survey of Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and Sarcocystis neurona antibodies in wild red-tailed Amazon parrots (Amazona brasiliensis)
Authors: Sato Ana Paula , Vaz Frederico Fontanelli , Konell Aline Luiza , Koch Marilia de Oliveira , Ferreira Rafaela Furioso , Sipinski Elenise Angelotti Bastos , Dittrich Rosangela Locatelli
Published: February 2020

Abstract Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and Sarcocystis neurona are obligate intracellular parasites within the phylum Apicomplexa. The red-tailed Amazon parrot (Amazona brasiliensis) is a near-threatened species of psittacine that is endemic to the Atlantic Forest of Brazil and has been designated as a bioindicator because of its sensitivity to environmental qualitative status and changes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of antibodies against T. gondii, N. caninum and S. neurona in wild red-tailed Amazon parrot nestlings on Rasa Island, Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 51 parrots and plasma samples were stored at – 20 °C until immunofluorescence antibody tests (IFAT) were performed. Antigen slides were prepared using tachyzoites of T. gondii (RH strain) and, N. caninum (NC-1 strain) and using merozoites of S. neurona (SNR37 strain). Plasma samples were tested at initial dilutions of 1:16 for T. gondii, 1:50 for N. caninum and 1:5 for S. neurona. An anti-chicken antibody conjugated with FITC was used as a secondary antibody at 1:50 dilution. No antibodies for any of these three protozoa were found, thus suggesting that these wild red-tailed Amazon parrot nestlings had not been exposed to these parasites.