bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incorporation of aminoalcohols to tune the properties of polyurethane systems
Authors: Adam Alexandre , Rezaiguia Saadane , Severac Romain , Bouquey Michel
Published: February 2025

It is common practice to incorporate low molecular weight molecules, known as chain extenders, to enhance the performance of polyurethane (PU) material. They usually increase the phase separation between the soft and hard domains, which has a significant impact on the density of hydrogen bonds. Aminoalcohols, molecules with both hydroxyl and amine functional groups, are important building blocks in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals but are also widely used in cosmetics or paints and coatings. Easily derived from abundant natural sources, such as amino acids, aminoalcohols align with the need for renewable and sustainable sources. Despite their importance, the specific reactivity of aminoalcohols towards isocyanates and their contribution to PU-based formulations remain underexplored. They can act as chain extenders as well as crosslinkers and catalysts. This study addressed this knowledge gap by assessing the feasibility of adding various aminoalcohols to create hybrid poly(urethane-urea) formulations. By measuring the exothermicity of the polymerization and gel times, we calculated that all tested aminoalcohols have a catalytic activity on the formation of the polymer network. We also identified DMAMP as a promising reactive catalyst whose integration into the network is of primary interest to formulate products that do not emit volatile organic compounds. Moreover, increasing the amount of aminoalcohols stiffened the foams while maintaining the density constant. X-ray tomography completed the characterizations of the foams. Taken together, these results open possibilities for using aminoalcohols to enhance and tune material performances while contributing to more environmentally friendly PU formulations.
Reactive extrusion of lignocellulosic biomass to produce biopolymer monomers using high-energy radiation and catalytic acids
Authors: Krey Adrian , Zenz Vitus , Widera Karolin , List Manuela , Muscat Dirk , Strübbe Nicole
Published: February 2025

The increasing prevalence of bio-based and biodegradable plastics as an alternative
to traditional plastics derived from crude oil is a noteworthy trend. Polybutylene succinate (PBS),
a plastic produced from succinic acid, is among the promising materials for the future. However,
the production of bio-based succinic acid through biotechnical processes in controlled environments presents challenges. This process leads to increased costs and is currently not economically competitive compared to crude oil-based succinic acid production. In addition to succinic
acid, levulinic acid is another monomer produced in the same process. A novel approach to the
digestion of biomass has been developed to address the issue of biotechnological production of
bio-based platform chemicals. This innovative process employs microwave radiation, pressure,
and temperature to convert wood residues into succinic acid and levulinic acid. Various catalyst
concentrations and biomass ratios were tested in a batch process, with high-pressure liquid
chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analyses
revealing the formation of succinic acid, levulinic acid, formic acid, and 2-oxoglutaric acid.
The results demonstrate that microwaves combined with a metal salt catalyst can be used to
produce platform chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass. To further advance the continuous
production of PBS, a twin-screw extruder was modified and adapted after the successful results
obtained from the batch processes. This setup enables additional experiments to evaluate the
transferability of batch process results to continuous reactions, facilitating the scale-up and the
economic viability of the overall PBS production process in the future.
Evaluation of Dicumyl Peroxide as a Coupling Agent in Thermoplastic Starch and BioPBS Composites
Authors: López-Galindo Angie , Vargas-Rojas Manuela , Medina-Perilla Jorge
Published: February 2025

To address plastic pollution from fossil fuel polymers, biodegradable alternatives like starch and polybutylene succinate (PBS) are proposed. However, starch is hydrophilic, while PBS and PBSA are hydrophobic. This research investigates the use of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) and tartaric acid (TA) as coupling agents in blends of thermoplastic starch (TPS) and PBS/PBSA, with glycerol as a plasticizer. Different weight/weight compositions of DCP and TA were added to blends in an internal mixer and subsequently compressed molded into films. DCP enhances tensile strength and ductility but increases torque and processing temperature. FTIR analysis show only a physical blend of components and no evidence of chemical interaction. TA reduces torque and tensile strength but increases ductility, with FTIR indicating that TA does not esterify starch but may form new bonds in the PBS carbonyl groups. SEM shows better compatibility in the blends.
Recyclates for sustainable food contact method development for the validation of migration barriers
Authors: Cetin Ali , Dahlmann Rainer
Published: February 2025

Ideological changes in industrial approaches require greater ecological thinking.
Regarding plastics, the integration of plastic waste into the circular economy arises from the
urgent need to design and develop sustainable alternatives. The primary objective of a recycling process is to ensure that the quality of recycled plastics consistently matches that of the
original product. Regional authorities and regulations require the assessment and prevention
of the potential safety hazards of possible contaminants in recycling streams, recycling processes, and recycling technologies. The specific limits on migrating substances are difficult
to achieve through recycling, especially in food packaging. Since food packaging accounts
for the largest global share of plastic use, alternative approaches for assessing the value of
recyclates as food contact materials need to be considered. One possible way to achieve this
goal is barrier development via plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) to
potentially prevent migration of contamination and barrier function as food contact materials.
To efficiently evaluate migrations and barrier efficiencies, a novel contamination approach for
virgin materials is introduced to simulate model recyclates. Achieving higher concentrations
inside a virgin polypropylene matrix simplifies the analytical approaches. Further, an analysis
chain regarding migration evaluation via gas chromatography coupled mass spectrometry and
barrier developments are shown.
The impact of the financial crisis on banking market performance
Authors: Mukdad Ibrahim
Published: February 2025

The aim of this paper is to analyze market indicators of three banks operating in United Arab Emirates during the financial crisis 2007-2008, using four market indicators, market value, earnings per share, market to book value, and share yield. Statistical tools consisting of descriptive analysis, coefficient of variation, correlation analysis and ANOVA analysis were used. Coefficient of variation analysis indicates that the Bank of Sharjah performance indicators reveal a pattern of stability over the years 2006 to 2009 relative to its counterparts. Correlation analysis reveals a strong correlation between the variables of Bank of Sharjah, whereas a weak relationship was observed between share yield and other indicators regarding other two banks. ANOVA analysis for each of market value, earnings per share and share yield indicators shows significant difference between the most of the means. Moreover, the Analysis of Market Value to Book Value indicates an insignificant difference between the means of indicators. The results of this research analyses reveal that the financial crisis affects differently the market performance of these banks.
Keywords: Firm Performance, Banks, Financial Crisis, Market Performance.
Lokalizacja kluczowych i strategicznych inwestycji publicznych – efektywność rozwiązań systemowych i ustaw specjalnych
Authors:   Instytut Rozwoju Miast i Regionów, Maliszewski Cezary
Published: February 2025

W literaturze przedmiotu jedną ze wskazywanych słabości obecnego systemu planowania przestrzennego są obowiązujące liczne specustawy, których regulacje pozwalają na realizację inwestycji celu publicznego poza obowiązującymi ramami i zasadami planowania przestrzennego. Przedmiotem badań są procesy lokalizacji inwestycji publicznych opartych na rozwiązaniach systemowych i ustawach specjalnych, w szczególności dotyczących kluczowych i strategicznych przedsięwzięć o znaczeniu ponadlokalnym. Podjęto próbę usystematyzowania wszystkich obowiązujących specustaw. Jej celem jest wyodrębnienie tych, które dotyczą realizacji inwestycji celu publicznego, zwłaszcza o znaczeniu regionalnym i krajowym. Zadaniem jest zidentyfikowanie cech wspólnych procesów systemowych i specjalnych oraz tych aspektów, które stanowią o atrakcyjności i powszechności stosowania specustaw w planowaniu i realizacji przedsięwzięć publicznych. Porównanie obu trybów i zasad im przypisanych ma na celu zidentyfikowanie mocnych i słabych stron tych rozwiązań oraz pomoc w ocenie ich efektywności w zakresie transparentności procedur, spójności systemu, racjonalności działań oraz czasochłonności. Wynikiem są rekomendacje kierunków zmian w systemie planowania przestrzennego zmierzające do stworzenia modelu lokalizacji kluczowych i strategicznych inwestycji publicznych wpisującego się w ramy systemu planowania przestrzennego, a także poprawy na tej płaszczyźnie
odporności i bezpieczeństwa struktury przestrzennej Polski.
Pelindungan Hak Kekayaan Intelektual Terhadap Pegetahuan Tradisional Masyarakat Dalam Pembuatan Makanan Dekke Naniura Di Desa Siallagan Kabupaten Samosir
Authors: Simanjuntak Ester
Published: February 2025

Pengetahuan tradisional merupakan hasil pemikiran praktis yang didasarkan atas pengajaran dan pengalaman dari generasi ke generasi yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dari masyarakat pemegangnya. Pengetahuan tradisional meliputi kesehatan, spiritual, budaya, dan bahasa dari masyarakat pemegang. Naniura ialah makanan tradisional khas suku Batak Toba yang berbahan dasar dari ikan mas yang di terfermentasi dengan bahan-bahan rempah Dalam membuat naniura, hanya beberapa tokoh masyarakat saja yang dapat membuat masakan tradisional tersebut. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui eksitensi makanan naniura dimasa ini dan pelindungan hukum terhadap makanan tradisional. Dalam membuat suatu kajian keilmuan perlu lah suatu metode, dalam penulisan ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitaif dengan pendekatan normatif (empiris). Hal ini peneliti tertarik membahas mempertahankan eksitensi dari budaya tersebut pemerintah seharusnya dapat menjaga dan keberadaan dekke nainura hal ini harus dilindungi dan didaftarkan kepada DJKI supaya tidak diakui oleh bangsa asing
Kata Kunci: Pelindungan, Pengetahuan Tradisional, Dekke Naniura.
DAPATKAH KETIMPANGAN HUKUM YANG TERDAPAT DI DALAM KASUS “ICE COLD” MENJADI SEBUAH AMUNISI KUAT UNTUK MENGAJUKAN PK KE - 2 ?
Authors: Wiguno Ahadira Setyo
Published: February 2025

The murder case of Mirna by the defendant Jessica caused a lot of controversy, especially after the publication of the documentary entitled "Ice Cold" which contained a series of "cyanide" cases from the beginning to the end of the verdict handed down to the murder suspect Jessica Kumala Wongso. The purpose of this research is to show the irregularities in this case and provide the author's argument regarding the sentence and decision of the presiding judge and JPU (Public Prosecutor) which raises many questions due to the lack of valid evidence such as violations of principles in the process. trials regulated in the KUHAP Book. The research method used in this article is the Normative Juridical method with a Qualitative analysis approach and a Literature Study approach. The formulation of the problem in this research is, what are the parameters and conditions for submitting a 2nd Judicial Review, if in Jessica's case she wants to carry out a 2nd Judicial Review. The results of the research are that Jessica and the defendant's legal team must carry out an examination and review the evidence of irregularities regarding the case “Ice Cold” which started appearing recently. This must be done to fulfill the requirements for submitting the 2nd Judicial Review which contains the following, if the judge's decision in the trial contains lies, false evidence that incriminates one of the parties, both the plaintiff and the defendant, then there are documents of evidence that are decisive, then there is a judge's decision granting something that is not demanded or more than what is demanded, there is a part regarding a claim in the lawsuit that has not been decided without any consideration of the reasons, there are conflicting decisions, even though the parties are the same, regarding the basis or issue in question. the same, or at the same level.
Keywords: Murder; Documentaries; 2nd Judicial Review.
PENTINGNYA KEPATUHAN KONTRAKTUAL DALAM MENGHINDARI WANPRESTASI
Authors: Al haq Muhammad arasy
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The importance of contractual compliance in avoiding default This topic is raised to inform all Indonesian people that agreements can be defaulted due to the existence of contractual in every agreement made but if there is no contractual governing then it is not categorized as default. Contractual is a legal subject that one is entitled to performance and so is the other legal subject who is obliged to carry out its performance in accordance with what has been agreed. And default is a term taken from the Dutch wanprestatie with the meaning of not fulfilling or carrying out an achievement or obligation in an agreement. There are so many violations in an agreement but these violations cannot be criminalized or sued because there is no contractual agreement governing the agreement.Therefore, the importance of making contractual in the agreement and complying with the contract in the contract is obligatory to implement so that we are avoided from disabling and disablement in the arrangement in the data center.
keywords: contractual, disableness, agreement, KUH Perdata
 
ABSTRAK 
Pentingnya kepatuhan kontraktual dalam menghindari wanprestasi topik ini kita angkat untuk memberitahukan kepada seluruh masyarakat indonesia bahwa perjanjian bisa terjadi wanprestasi dikarenakan adanya kontraktual dalam setiap perjanjian yang dibuat namun jika tidak ada kontraktual yang mengatur maka tidak dikategorikan wanprestasi. Kontraktual adalah sebuah Subjek hukum yang satu berhak atas prestasi dan begitu pula subjek hukum yang lain yang berkewajiban untuk melaksanakan prestasinya sesuai dengan yang telah disepakati. Dan Wanprestasi adalah istilah yang diambil dari bahasa Belanda wanprestasi dengan arti tidak dipenuhinya atau dilaksanakan sebuah prestasi atau kewajiban dalam suatu perjanjian. Banyak sekali terjadi pelanggaran dalam sebuah perjanjian namu pelanggaran tersebut tidak bisa dipidanakan atau digugat karena dalam penandatangan perjanjian tidak ada kontraktual yang mengatur tentang perjanjian tersebut. oleh karena itu pentingnya membuat kontraktual dalam perjanjian dan mematuhi kontraktual dalam pernjanjian adalah hal yang wajib dilaksanakan agar kita terhindar dari wanprestasi dan wanprestasi di atur dalam KUH Perdata.
kata kunci: kontraktual, wanprestasi,perjanjian, KUH Perdata.
IMPROVING STUDENTS VOCABULARY MASTERY THROUGH CHARADES GAME AT SMA NEGERI 1 MAUMERE
Authors: RAMADHAN PUTRA , ALINDA MARTA , ENI GENOVEVA DUA
Published: February 2025

This research explores the impact of the Charades game on vocabulary mastery among twelfth-grade students at SMA Negeri 1 Maumere. Utilizing a classroom action research design, the research was conducted in two cycles, each comprising planning, action, observation, and reflection stages. The observations findings indicated that students faced challenges in vocabulary acquisition due to monotonous teaching methods that happened during learning process, resulting in low engagement and motivation during English lessons. The implementation of the Charades game aimed to address these issues by creating a more interactive and enjoyable learning environment. The results of this research showed a significant improvement in students' vocabulary scores, with average scores increasing from 52.92 in the pre-test to 71.81 in the final post-test. Additionally, the number of students achieving passing scores were increased. The findings suggest that incorporating engaging activities like Charades can enhance vocabulary learning and foster greater student enthusiasm in language acquisition.
ABSTRAKPenelitian ini mengeksplorasi dampak dari permainan tebak kata terhadap penguasaan kosakata di antara siswa kelas dua belas di SMA Negeri 1 Maumere. Dengan menggunakan desain penelitian tindakan kelas, penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua siklus, yang masing-masing terdiri dari tahap perencanaan, tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Temuan observasi menunjukkan bahwa siswa menghadapi tantangan dalam penguasaan kosakata karena metode pengajaran yang monoton, yang mengakibatkan rendahnya keterlibatan dan motivasi selama pelajaran bahasa Inggris. Implementasi permainan tebak gesture bertujuan untuk mengatasi masalah ini dengan menciptakan lingkungan belajar yang lebih interaktif dan menyenangkan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan peningkatan yang signifikan pada nilai kosakata siswa, dengan nilai rata-rata meningkat dari 52,92 pada pre-test menjadi 71,81 pada post-test akhir. Selain itu, jumlah siswa yang mencapai nilai kelulusan juga meningkat. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa menggabungkan kegiatan yang menarik seperti Tebak gestur dapat meningkatkan pembelajaran kosakata dan menumbuhkan antusiasme siswa yang lebih besar dalam penguasaan bahasa.
ELEMEN MEMBACA PEMAHAMAN MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SNOWBALL THROWING PADA SISWA KELAS IV SD
Authors: SUGIANTI NI KADEK , HUSAIN RUSMIN , PULUKADANG WIWY T. , MONOARFA FIDYAWATI
Published: February 2025

This study aims to improve the reading comprehension skills of fourth grade students of SD Negeri 2 Kabila through the application of the Snowball Throwing learning model. This study uses a quantitative approach with the classroom action research (CAR) method. The subjects of this study were 20 fourth grade students. Data on students' reading comprehension skills were collected through tests and analyzed quantitatively descriptively. The results of the study showed a significant increase in students' reading comprehension skills from cycle I to cycle II. In cycle I, 13 students (65%) achieved the set performance indicators, but had not met the 75% success criteria. In cycle II, there was an increase to 20 students (100%) who achieved the performance indicators, exceeding the set success target. This study concludes that the Snowball Throwing learning model is effective in improving the reading comprehension skills of fourth grade students of SD Negeri 2 Kabila.
ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan membaca pemahaman siswa kelas IV SD Negeri 2 Kabila melalui penerapan model pembelajaran Snowball Throwing. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Subjek penelitian ini adalah 20 siswa kelas IV. Data kemampuan membaca pemahaman siswa dikumpulkan melalui tes dan dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan yang signifikan pada kemampuan membaca pemahaman siswa dari siklus I ke siklus II. Pada siklus I, 13 siswa (65%) mencapai indikator kinerja yang ditetapkan, namun belum memenuhi kriteria keberhasilan 75%. Pada siklus II, terjadi peningkatan menjadi 20 siswa (100%) yang mencapai indikator kinerja, melampaui target keberhasilan yang ditetapkan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran Snowball Throwing efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan membaca pemahaman siswa kelas IV SD Negeri 2 Kabila.
A comprehensive global mapping of offshore lighting
Authors: Elvidge Christopher D. , Ghosh Tilottama , Chatterjee Namrata , Zhizhin Mikhail , Sutton Paul C. , Bazilian Morgan
Published: February 2025

Abstract. We present the first comprehensive multiyear global mapping of offshore lighting structures derived from low-light imaging satellite observations collected at night. The sensor is the day–night band (DNB) flown as part of the NASA/NOAA Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). The product merges two operational nighttime light products: VIIRS boat detection (VBD) data and VIIRS cloud-free nighttime light (VNL) data. The two products are spatially complementary, making it possible to fill gaps through a merger. Both product sets have an average DNB radiance layer, and the merger involves preserving the higher of the two average radiances. A wide range of lighting structures is present, i.e., fishing grounds, platforms, anchorages, gas flares, transit routes, and the glow surrounding bright lighting onshore. The richness of the numbers and types of offshore lighting structures can be traced back to the DNB spike detector at the core of the VBD algorithm. The VNL algorithm uses outlier removal to filter out biomass burning, an essential process for mapping electric lighting onshore. The outlier removal drops about 80 % of the offshore lighting detections. We expect that the new product will lead to an improved understanding of fishing grounds, offshore light pollution, and supply chain disruptions at anchorages, thereby aiding in the development of more sustainable and efficient practices. The global datasets are available at https://doi.org/10.25676/11124/179157 (Elvidge et al., 2024).
Wife's Divorce Lawsuit and Husband's Rejection of Khuluq in the Perspective of Islamic Law
Authors: Masri Masri
Published: February 2025

This article explores the phenomenon of a wife filing for divorce against her husband and the rejection of khulʿ (mutual divorce) from the perspective of Islamic law. Using a normative juridical approach and textual analysis of Qur'anic verses, hadiths, and scholars' opinions, it explains the conditions under which a wife may seek divorce, the mechanism of khulʿ, and the circumstances in which khulʿ may be rejected. The study findings reveal that Islam provides space for women to uphold their rights while emphasizing the importance of justice, responsibility, and consultation in resolving marital conflicts.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Make A Match terhadap Keaktifan Peserta Didik
Authors: Sari Delima Permata , Akbar Gilang Syahril
Published: February 2025

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe make a match dalam pembelajaran PAI kelas VIII di SMP Negeri 1 Kota Sukabumi, mengetahui keaktifan peserta didik dalam pembelajaran PAI kelas VIII di SMP Negeri 1 Kota Sukabumi, mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe make a match dalam pembelajaran PAI kelas VIII terhadap keaktifan peserta didik di SMP Negeri 1 Kota Sukabumi. Penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantiatif dengan metode eksperimen desain pretest-posttest control group design. Sampel yang terlibat dalam penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 80 orang peserta didik. Pengumpulan data menggunakan soal tes berbentuk pilihan ganda dan dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan independent sample t-test. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh model kooperatif tipe make a match terhadap keaktifan belajar peserta didik pada mata pelajaran PAI kelas VIII di SMP Negeri 1 Kota Sukabumi. Hal ini berdasarkan pada hasil pengujian independent sample t-test yang menunjukkan perolehan nilai sig (2-tailed) Equal variances assumed sebesar 0,000 < 0,05, maka menolak Ho dan menerima Ha, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe make a match terhadap keaktifan belajar peserta didik pada mata pelajaran PAI kelas VIII di SMP Negeri 1 Kota Sukabumi.
Estetika Gerak Tari Sambut Sebiduk Sehaluan di Kabupaten OKU Timur
Authors: Julta Arbi , Sari Eka
Published: February 2025

The Sebiduk Sehaluan Welcome Dance is a dance that is performed in groups. As a form of honor and respect for the guest of honor who came to Martapura, East OKU Regency, this dance is a form of joy and respect for the arrival of the guest of honor from the local community to the Bumi Sebiduk Sehaluan area. This research aims to evaluate the aesthetics of the dance movements in the Sambut Sebiduk Sehaluan Dance. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, an ethical and emic approach, and a choreographic aesthetic approach, this research methodology is qualitative, using interview, observation, and documentation data collection techniques—the data analysis technique used by Adshead Theory, et al. The research results obtained are the value of beauty in the Sambut Sebiduk Sehaluan Dance where the unique beauty is created from the intertwining patterns of time, place, and use of energy which are the characteristics of the movement. The use of a wide and varied tempo and a high level of energy in the volume of movement creates a lively, seductive, and enthusiastic impression.
Relevansi Filsafat Islam dalam Meningkatkan Pemahaman Akidah dan Hukum Islam di MAS Bustanul Ulum
Authors: Hasanah Lubis Leli , Nurdiani Nurdiani , Sumiati Sumiati , Hasibuan Rokiba , Yuslinda Yuslinda
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis relevansi filsafat Islam dalam meningkatkan pemahaman akidah dan hukum Islam di MAS Bustanul Ulum. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa filsafat Islam memberikan kontribusi yang signifikan dalam membantu siswa memahami konsep akidah, seperti tauhid dan takdir, secara lebih rasional dan mendalam. Selain itu, dalam pembelajaran hukum Islam, pendekatan filosofis membantu siswa memahami maqashid syariah sehingga mereka dapat melihat hukum Islam dalam konteks tujuan dan manfaatnya bagi masyarakat. Namun, terdapat beberapa tantangan dalam implementasi filsafat Islam, seperti keterbatasan bahan ajar yang sesuai dan waktu pembelajaran yang terbatas. Meskipun demikian, dengan dukungan dari pihak madrasah dan pengembangan metode pengajaran yang lebih inovatif, filsafat Islam dapat menjadi instrumen yang efektif dalam membentuk pemikiran kritis siswa serta memperkuat pemahaman mereka terhadap ajaran Islam. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini merekomendasikan peningkatan integrasi filsafat Islam dalam kurikulum pendidikan madrasah guna menciptakan pembelajaran yang lebih komprehensif dan bermakna.
A Qualitative Study Exploring Mental Health Challenges, Coping Strategies, and Social Support Among Flood Victims
Authors: Parveen Nazia , Bashir Asma
Published: February 2025

Floods, as one of the natural disasters, can lead to significant property loss, disruption of communities, and immense suffering. The recent flood disaster in Pakistan has proven catastrophic, with many structures either washed away or severely damaged, resulting in considerable property loss. Beyond the physical devastation, the psychological impact on the affected individuals is profound; many are struggling with PTSD, depression, anxiety, and other related mental health issues. This investigation aims to identify the challenges faced by flood victims and explore ways to address them. It also seeks to examine strategies that can help individuals cope with the trauma caused by the floods. Data were collected through face-to-face structured interviews with 15 participants—10 males and 5 females—residing in South Punjab's Dera Ghazi Khan (DGK) district. Insights gained from these interviews revealed three major themes and six minor ones. The three primary areas of concern identified were the challenges faced due to the flood, the support systems available to victims, and the coping mechanisms they utilized. The study indicated that the floods contribute to the development of psychological disorders, including PTSD, depression, anxiety, and suicidal thoughts among the affected individuals.  Key coping strategies identified included support systems, religious coping, and acceptance, which have all been shown to improve the management of the psychological effects of the disaster for victims. This paper contributes to a limited body of research that focuses on coping mechanisms and mental health factors relevant to flood victims. The study has important implications for policy-makers and higher authorities.
Artificial Intelligence Art as a Prey Organism that Tricks its Creators
Authors: Melanitis Ioannis
Published: February 2025

The apparent connection of art to trickery and deceit has been critically examined since antiquity, mainly framed as a tautology. The fraudulence of art, except manipulating perception, is a deliberate act against a receiver. Artistic trickery is seen as the ancestor of all artificial practices. Mimicry constitutes the essence of art and A.I., and when defined in Platonic terms, a series of inconsistencies arise: functional errors, ambivalent signals, pseudocodes, even fake faults, or misleading strategies. A novel conceptual framework might reconceptualise artificial intelligence (A.I.) as a type of prey organism: a creation that, beyond mere adaptation, subterraneously manipulates the very environment of its existence: its creators. As A.I. evolves in complexity, its behaviour increasingly mirrors the image of a biological entity, whose survival strategy lies in eliciting calculated responses from its developers.
Sparks of Inquiry: Two Key Debates on Early Metalworking in China
Authors: Peng Peng
Published: February 2025

The origins of metalworking in Bronze Age China have long captivated scholars in the fields of Chinese art, archaeology, and the history of technology. Southwest Asia is traditionally regarded as the epicenter of early Old World metal technology, where sheet-metal working techniques—such as forging, particularly through hammering, and annealing—were most prevalent. Instead of oversimplifying the differences between section-mold casting in early China and lost-wax casting in the broadly defined ancient “West” (e.g., Southwest Asia and Europe), it is crucial to recognize that the defining characteristic of the early Chinese bronze industry is its significant reliance on casting techniques. Notably, while lost-wax casting did emerge, convincing evidence of it appeared much later than that of sectional molds, and it seemed to have more limited applications. This has sparked enduring scholarly inquiries regarding the existence and use of lost-wax casting in pre-Han China (before 202 BC). The debates surrounding lost-wax casting and sheet-metal working in early China are closely linked to wider inquiries concerning the technological origins of Bronze Age metalworking in the region. This paper seeks to critically analyze these debates over time, integrating recent findings from Chinese art, archaeology, and the history of technology, while placing them within the context of broader academic discussions.
Menopause and Risk of Cognitive Impairment -
A Literature Review
Authors: Tantomo Brilliant , Widyadharma I Putu Eka
Published: February 2025

he World Health Organization (WHO) defines menopause as the permanent cessation of menstruation due to a decrease in ovarian activity without physiological or pathological causes. Twelve months of amenorrhea signal menopause. Menopause usually begins around 50 but can occur at 41, 45, or 40. Menopause between 45 and 55 is different from early menopause. Women are more likely to have cardiovascular illness, parkinsonism, melancholy, osteoporosis, hypertension, weight gain, midlife diabetes, cognitive impairments, and dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). When estrogen levels drop prematurely, women are more likely to acquire certain disorders. Experimental and epidemiological studies suggests that female sex hormones have neuroprotective and anti-aging effects over time. According to new research, estrogen protects and promotes the CNS. Working memory, attention, processing speed, and verbal memory are lower in menopausal women. Age-related estrogen may protect cognition. Estrogens improve brain health by regulating neuropeptides, neurotransmitters, and neurosteroid production, affecting cell death, neuronal development, synaptic plasticity, mitochondrial function, antioxidants, immune system modulation, and β-amyloid reduction. Sex hormone prescriptions ease cognitive impairments in early menopause when estradiol and estrogen receptor levels diminish. The selective estrogen receptor modulators tamoxifen and raloxifene interact with ERα, ERβ, and GPR30 to protect the brain.

Keywords: Aging; Cognitive impairment; Estrogen; Menopause
Comparing YOLOv5 and YOLOv8 Performance in Vehicle License Plate Detection
Authors: Widyadara Made Ayu Dusea , Mulya Marga Asta Jaya
Published: February 2025

The number of mobile vehicles on the roads in Indonesia is increasing every year. Therefore, it is essential to verify the identities of these vehicles for a variety of reasons, including locating stolen vehicles, enforcing traffic laws, managing car parks, and collecting tolls. Nevertheless, inspecting these vast numbers of vehicles manually is a challenging task. Motor vehicle number plate detection and recognition play a crucial role in intelligent transport systems. Generally, the detection and recognition of number plates on motor vehicles entail three main stages. Machine learning-based object detection, which encompasses a range of algorithms that can automatically identify and locate objects in images or videos, is the first stage. These models leverage multiple layers of processing units to extract intricate features from input data, thereby enhancing overall efficiency for object detection purposes. The YOLO algorithm is a popular object detection algorithm that can detect objects from images or videos in real-time using custom dataset. In this study, we directly compared YOLOv5 and YOLOv8 models which underwent equal training epochs, achieved stability, and utilized hyperparameters with an image size 640, 100 epochs, val 200, and batch 16. The YOLOv8 gets the best performance with almost 97.5% mAP and 69.4% mAP50-95.

Keywords: Plate Number, YOLOv5, YOLOv8, Object Detection, Custom Dataset
The Role of Gender Characteristics in Lifestyle Choices
Authors: Nishan Chingiz Nuriyeva
Published: February 2025

Lifestyle is a way of expressing oneself in life, taking into account individual social opportunities and bio-socio-psychic potentials. A healthy lifestyle is a unified system of individual life manifestations that affect the self-actualization of the spiritual and physical efforts of the human personality. The structural model of lifestyle includes semantic values, content-structure, social role and social time components.
Lifestyle is not only about physical activities, but also about how people understand the social world and how they feel about it. Lifestyle refers to the way people engage in meaningful behaviors within a social and cultural framework. In this sense, a person's lifestyle reflects their relationship to society and how they see their place in that society.
The impact of gender identity, and gender characteristics to lifestyle has been described in this manuscript. The literature analyzing, and comparative approach has been chosen as the main method of the study.

Keywords: gender identity, interpersonal relationship, lifestyle, socialization
Strategic Management: Building Business Competitive Advantage in the Digital Era
Authors: Almirah Aurelia Salsabilla , ZA Saida Zainurossalamia
Published: February 2025

In a rapidly changing digital era, companies must prioritize innovation to build and maintain competitive advantage in an increasingly competitive market. This study seeks to explore the importance of innovation in managing corporate strategy in the digital era. Innovation encompasses more than just developing new products or services, it also encompasses transforming a company’s operational processes, enhancing customer interactions, and generating lasting value. This study explains the importance of innovation in addressing the challenges and prospects of the digital era, the ways in which innovation can enhance a company’s competitiveness, and the techniques organizations can use to enhance their innovation potential. This study also features examples of leading organizations that have effectively implemented pioneering techniques to build competitive advantage in the digital era, such as Apple, Amazon, Airbnb, and Gojek. By gaining a deep understanding of the importance of innovation in strategic management, one can formulate an efficient innovation plan to enhance their company’s competitiveness and emerge victorious in the increasingly complex global marketplace. This study offers significant insights for business leaders and professionals who want to gain a deeper understanding of the importance of innovation in the digital era.

Keywords: Digital Era, Innovation, Competitive Advantage, Strategic Management
Rare Tumors of Kidney
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Madhumita , Bandopadhyay Binata , Saha Subhamoy , Mukhopadhyay Biswanath
Published: February 2025

INTRODUCTION: Collecting duct carcinoma (CDC) is an extremely rare type of renal epithelial tumor that arises from the distal convoluted tubule of kidney. Prognosis of CDC is poor due to its rapid growth and widespread metastasis. It is often difficult to distinguish CDC from pelvic urothelial carcinoma and high grade papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma. Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma (MTSCC) of kidney is also a rare but low grade epithelial neoplasm. It is often misdiagnosed as sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma, papillary renal cell carcinoma or other aggressive renal neoplasms.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a study of two extremely rare cases of kidney tumors conducted in a tertiary care hospital. We studied clinical presentation, location within the kidney, radiological findings, histopathological findings, immunohistochemical findings and treatment provided.
CASE REPORT: A case of CDC involving the renal medulla extending up to the cortex of upper pole of right kidney and another case of MTSCC involving the middle and upper part of left kidney have been studied. Patient with CDC was a 71 year old male presented with gross hematuria, backpain, fatigue and weight loss. MTSCC was incidentally detected in a 62 year old female. Histopathological examination of the formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections were done for the diagnosis of these two rare entities. Immunohistochemistry was done for exclusion of other diagnostic entities.
CONCLUSION: CDC is a rare aggressive renal neoplasm which is commonly associated with nodal and distant metastasis at the time of presentation. Early diagnosis of this tumor is essential to improve the survival of the patients. Immunohistochemical analysis helps to differentiate CDC from other renal cell carcinoma (RCC) subtypes. MTSCC is a low grade hypovascular renal tumor. The diagnosis of MTSCC fundamentally depends on histopathological examination (HPE) findings. Surgical resection of the tumor is essential for long term survival.

Keywords: Collecting duct carcinoma, hematuria, histopathological examination, immunohistochemistry, laparoscopic nephrectomy, renal cell carcinoma.
Random Variable LED Dice Roll Implementation
Authors: Lin Wen-Bin , Yarn Kao-Feng
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we use a single-chip AT89C52 to control the signals, and the arrangement of LEDs is used to analogize the dice. When the manual switch SW1 is pressed and held down, the LED light will change from 1 to 6 dots. When the SW1 switch is released, the LED will stop changing and stop at any one of the numbers 1~6. It can also shake the board like a dice, and the LEDs will change from 1 to 6 dots when you shake the board; After shaking and vibrating this board, the LED will stop changing and stop at any one of 1~6 dots to complete the function of this LED electronic dice.

Keywords: Single chip, LED, Dice roll
Steroid Induced Cushing Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Balaprabha G. Ramya , Rani G. Jhansi , Meenakshi A. , Rajeez AV , Ramarao T.
Published: February 2025

Glucocorticoids are effective steroid medicines that reduce inflammation. They are often used to treat asthma, allergic disorders such as psoriasis, dermatitis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Long-term corticosteroid use causes symptoms such as moon face, buffalo hump, pink stretch marks, and weight gain. Here we report a 31-year-old female patient developed Cushing syndrome due to continuous prednisolone use. She had rheumatoid arthritis in the last six months and is currently taking prednisolone. She has been experiencing symptoms such as moon face, backache, edema, abdominal distension, muscle weakness, tingling and numbness of both lower limbs till hip region in the last three weeks. Her serum cortisol levels are high.

Keywords: Prednisolone, Cushing syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, cortisol, moon face, steroids.
Causes of Customer Switching Behaviour in the Zimbabwean Mobile Telecommunication Industry
Authors: Piason Viriri , Peter Chimwanda
Published: February 2025

Although several industries suffer from churn, it is more pronounced in the telecommunication sector where customers are acquired and also defect quickly. Controlling customer defection is the major problem facing the telecom industry nowadays. The research aimed to explore the underlying causes of customer switch behaviour in Zimbabwe’s mobile telecom industry. Primary data was gathered from three mobile telecommunication operators using a case study design. Data was gathered from key informants who comprised telecommunication subscribers, employees and management. The population of the study included more than 12,000,000 subscribers of Econet Wireless, Telecel, and Net One Pvt Ltd inter alia offering mobile services. Stratified and purposive sampling was used in this study as a form of triangulation. Quantitative data was gathered from a sample of 356 subscribers. Findings from the study showed that customer defection in Zimbabwe’s mobile telecommunication industry is fueled by competitor promotions, poor service quality, and customer dissatisfaction among other factors. It is recommended that Zimbabwe telecom firms should collaborate with rivals in the industry when launching marketing-mix elements and other strategies. In addition, the industry should benchmark its service standards with international principles. Furthermore, the industry should regularly carry out market research in the form of customer surveys to understand customer needs, wants and preferences to reduce customer switching behaviour. It is also recommended that telecom firms procure quality products for sale to their customers.

Keywords: Customer, Deregulation, Retention, Switching.
UJI AKTIVITAS IMUNOMODULATOR EKSTRAK ETANOL HERBA KANCING UNGU (Borreria laevis Lamk.) TERHADAP FAGOSITOSIS MAKROFAG PADA MENCIT (Mus musculus) JANTAN
Authors: Ifaya Mus , Ida Fitriah Wa Ode , Baco Juliana , Ridwan Bai Athur , Yuliastri Wa Ode , Syafrie Firhani Anggriani , Nirwana
Published: February 2025

Imunomodulator merupakan senyawa yang dapat mengembalikan ketidakseimbangan sistem kekebalan tubuh. Mekanisme kerja imunomodulator antara lain memulihkan fungsi sistem imun yang terganggu (immunorestorasi), meningkatkan fungsi sistem imun (imunostimulasi), dan menekan respon imun (imunosupresi). Salah satu tanaman yang berpotensi sebagai imunomodulator adalah tanaman herbal kancing ungu (Borreria laevis Lamk). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ekstrak etanol tanaman kancing ungu (Borreria laevis Lamk) menunjukkan aktivitas imunomodulator terhadap fagositosis makrofag pada mencit jantan (Mus musculus). Sampel diekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dan selanjutnya diuji efek imunomodulatornya pada mencit jantan (Mus musculus) untuk melihat dampak terhadap aktivitas fagositosis yang ditimbulkan oleh bakteri Staphylococcus aureus, membandingkan peningkatan aktivitas fagositosis terhadap sampel lain menggunakan metode uji fagositosis. Metode analisis yang digunakan meliputi uji ANOVA dan LSD. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol tanaman kancing ungu (Borreria laevis Lamk) mempunyai efek imunomodulator dengan meningkatkan aktivitas fagositosis makrofag pada mencit jantan. Persentase aktivitas fagositosis makrofag pada kelompok kontrol positif sebesar 30,06%, kelompok kontrol negatif sebesar 24,18%, kelompok dosis 100 mg/kgBB sebesar 29,38%, kelompok dosis 200 mg/kgBB sebesar 34,44%, dan kelompok dosis 300 mg/kgBB sebesar 34,44%. 45,08%, dengan hasil uji One-Way ANOVA signifikan p-value < 0,05.
Das öffentliche Geheimhaltungsinteresse im Widerstreit mit dem Veröffentlichungsinteresse
Authors: Jean-Richard-dit-Bressel Marc
Published: February 2025

Die Strafnorm «Veröffentlichung amtlicher geheimer Verhandlungen» gemäss Art. 293 StGB greift in die Medienfreiheit ein und ist deshalb umstritten. Für die Abwägung von Geheimhaltungs- und Veröffentlichungsinteressen sind das Untersuchungsgeheimnis und das Kommissions- und Kollegialbehördengeheimnis zu unterscheiden. Der vorliegende Beitrag fokussiert auf das Untersuchungsgeheimnis. Besonders in Fällen mit Medieninteresse kommt es gehäuft vor, dass vom Amtsgeheimnis geschützte Information aus den Untersuchungsakten in den Medien erscheinen. Der Geheimnisschutz ist aber für die effiziente Führung von Strafuntersuchungen grundlegend. Er dient dem Schutz der beschuldigten Personen vor Vorverurteilung, dem Schutz der Privatsphäre von allen Verfahrensbeteiligten und dem Schutz vor Verdunkelung. Ein überwiegendes Geheimhalteinteresse ist in Bezug auf Untersuchungs- und Gerichtsakten nur dann zu verneinen, wenn bei deren Veröffentlichung der Aspekt der sachlichen Behördenkritik überwiegt und die Informationen erforderlich sind, um die Kritik mit dem nötigen Nachdruck anbringen zu können.
Analisis Performa Algoritma Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) sebagai Pendeteksi Serangan DDoS Berbasis Deep Learning
Authors: Gustav William Paul , Fajri Naufalul , Hidayat Raihan , Yanti Hesmi Aria
Published: February 2025

DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) merupakan jenis serangan siber yang membuat sebuah layanan online tidak tersedia dengan membuat server, jaringan, atau aplikasi target dengan lalu lintas internet menjadi overload. Serangan ini biasanya dilakukan dengan menggunakan beberapa sistem untuk mengirimkan sejumlah besar permintaan ke target, menyebabkan layanan menjadi lambat atau bahkan tidak berfungsi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis lalu lintas serangan DDoS menggunakan pendekatan deep learning dengan algoritma Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Penggunaan CNN pada penelitian ini dapat meningkatkan akurasi deteksi dan efisiensi serangan DDoS, dengan memanfaatkan kemampuan mengidentifikasi pola dalam data traffic jaringan. Implementasi dataset, melalui beberapa proses yaitu akuisisi data, pre-processing data, model CNN untuk mengklasifikasikan dan evaluasi terhadap traffic DDoS. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa model CNN mencapai akurasi tinggi dalam mendeteksi serangan DDoS dengan nilai akurasi training mencapai 99.75% dan akurasi validasi mencapai 99.65%. Ini berarti model mengklasifikasikan data training dengan benar sebesar 99.75% dan data validasi sebesar 99.65%, lebih baik daripada algoritma DNN , RNN, dan GRU. Penelitian lebih lanjut disarankan untuk mengoptimalkan model dan mengeksplorasi penerapannya dalam sistem deteksi real-time.