bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
127-I levels in Ontario Bulk Tank Milk and its Association with Groundwater, Milking Management, and Other Risk Factors
Authors: Courtney Rogerson
Published: March 2020

The objectives of the present study were to determine the iodine concentration in milk sampled from 80 commercial dairy farms located in eastern (n=58) and southwestern (n=22) Ontario, and to identify if the iodide content of groundwater consumed by the lactating herd, along with other factors, are associated with higher bulk milk iodine (BMI). A bilingual questionnaire addressing water consumption, nutrition, milking management practices, and well characteristics was completed by each producer. The 127I concentration in milk and groundwater samples was established using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Potential predictor variables were screened for univariable significance (p<0.05), and a general linear regression model was fitted to assess associations between BMI and explanatory variables such as 127I in water, well depth and age, water treatment, the use of iodine-based pre or post-dips, application strategies and post-dip coverage goal. Results of the data analysis suggest that there is a strong positive correlation between the iodide content of groundwater and BMI levels (p<0.001). Post-milking practices including the use of an iodine-based teat disinfectant, the application strategies of a post-milking teat disinfectant and overall coverage goal of the solution on teats were also significantly (p<0.05) associated with increased BMI levels. These results suggest a significant association exists between BMI levels in relation to post-milking management practices and the iodine content in groundwater consumed by the lactating herd. Post-milking practices and drinking water containing excessive levels of iodine should be monitored frequently and where needed mitigation strategies implemented to prevent high BMI levels on farm.
KTT in a Digital Age (poster)
Authors: Michelle Linington
Published: March 2020

Since the dawn of agriculture there has been a need to communicate in order to optimize production and yields. Extension and Knowledge Technology and Transfer (KTT) has seen a lot of changes over the past 100 years. None of these were as great as in the introduction of the Internet and computer technology. With this rapid change in technology, KTT workers and consultants have to adapt how information is getting to producers. Though majority of farms still prefer hard copies of publications and research, we are seeing an increase in the amount of material found online. We have also seen a shift away from demo days and on farm consultations, in order to use webinars, podcasts and social media. Farmers have a been labelled as 'slow to adapt', but this is not just a generational gap anymore. Herd size, producer personalities and delivery methods all effect how the producer wants to receive information. Though the industry is good at producing information, it is important to get it into the producers hands. Until the digital space becomes the norm for all producers there is a need to view the trends in KTT and combine traditional and new age communication methods in order to reach all farmers. As technology continues to change there will be a constant need to change how we are reaching producers while continuing with the KTT methods that have worked in the past.
Busulfan systemic exposure and its relationship with efficacy and safety in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children: A meta-analysis
Authors: Feng Xinying , Wu Yunjiao , Zhang Jingru , Li Jiapeng , Zhu Guanghua , FAN Duanfang , Yang Changqing , Zhao Libo
Published: March 2020

Background: Busulfan (Bu) is a key component of several conditioning regimens used before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, the optimum systemic exposure (expressed as the area under the concentration-time curve [AUC]) of Bu for clinical outcome in children is controversial. Methods: Research on pertinent literature was carried out at PubMed, EMBASE, ClinicalTrials.gov and the Cochrane Library. Observational studies were included, which compared clinical outcomes above and below the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) cut-off value, which we set as 800, 900, 1000, 1125, 1350, and 1500 µM × min. The primary efficacy outcome was notable in the rate of graft failure. In the safety outcomes, incidents of veno-occlusive disease (VOD) were recorded, as well as other adverse events. Results: Thirteen studies involving 548 pediatric patients (aged 0.3-18 years) were included. Pooled results showed that, compared with the mean Bu AUC (i.e., the average value of AUC measured multiple times for each patient) of > 900 µM × min, the mean AUC value of <900 µM × min significantly increased the incidence of graft failure (RR=3.666, 95% CI:1.419, 9.467). The incidence of VOD was significantly decreased with the mean AUC <1350 µM × min (RR=0.370, 95% CI: 0.205-0.666) and <1500 µM × min (RR=0.409, 95% CI: 0182-0.920). Conclusions: In children, Bu mean AUC above the cut-off value of 900 µM × min (after every 6-hour dosing) was associated with decreased rates of graft failure, while the cut-off value of 1350 µM × min were associated with increased risk of VOD in children, particularly for the patients without VOD prophylaxis therapy. Further well-designed prospective and multi centric randomized controlled trials with larger sample size are necessary before putting our result into clinical practices.
A method for obtaining flexible broccoli varieties for sustainable agriculture
Authors: Ciancaleoni Simona , Negri Valeria
Published: March 2020

Background: The use of high inputs in agriculture resulted in few varieties (hybrids and pure lines) used in all agricultural systems. Also varieties of vegetables, including broccoli, for organic and low-input agriculture, are almost exclusively hybrids, since there are very few specific breeding programs and varieties for sustainable agriculture systems.A strategy to overcome this issue is the adoption of specific breeding programs for developing heterogeneous varieties (i.e. synthetics, open pollinated varieties, composite cross populations and mixtures). In fact, heterogeneous varieties are able to evolve and adapt to specific agro-climatic conditions. The aim of this study was to develop a method (an Evolutionary Breeding Program, EBP) for obtaining heterogeneous varieties of broccoli and test its efficiency in developing highly diverse varieties, as needed in sustainable agriculture. A synthetic variety originated from a landrace was multiplied in different environments for 3 cycles and morpho-phenological and genetic diversity of the derived populations were assessed.Results: The presented results are the first and unique indication about the efficiency of a short-time EBP for an allogamous species like broccoli. Few morphological changes were observed among varieties multiplied in different environments with different agro-climatic conditions. This could be probably due to the initial genetic diversity of the landrace from which the populations were selected and also to the great plasticity of the crop. However, SSR data highlighted a genetic differentiation among populations multiplied for two/three years across Europe and in Central Italy, that was not so evident when considering morphological data only.Conclusions: Few years of multiplication in different environments resulted in genetically differentiated broccoli populations that nonetheless preserved the original genetic diversity and productivity level and appear to evolve in relationship to different environments: the applied EBP is useful for developing heterogeneous materials for sustainable agriculture.
Treating periodontitis-A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing ultrasonic and manual subgingival scaling at different probing pocket depths.
Authors: Zhang Xin , Hu Zixuan , Zhu Xuesong , Li Wenjie , Chen Jun
Published: March 2020

Background: Mechanical plaque removal has been commonly accepted to be the basis for periodontal treatment. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of ultrasonic and manual subgingival scaling at different initial probing pocket depths (PPD) in periodontal treatment. Methods: English-language databases (PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, Medline, and ClinicalTrials.gov, by January, 2019) were searched. Weighted mean differences in primary outcomes, PPD and clinical attachment loss (CAL) reduction, were estimated by random effects model. Secondary outcomes, bleeding on probing (BOP), gingival recession (GR), and post-scaling residual dental calculus, were analyzed by comparing the results of each study. The quality of RCTs was appraised with the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool. The GRADE approach was used to assess quality of evidence. Results: Ten randomized controlled trials were included out of 1,434 identified. Initial PPD and follow-up periods formed subgroups. For 3-months follow-up: (1) too few shallow initial pocket studies available to draw a conclusion; (2) the heterogeneity of medium depth studies was so high that could not be merged to draw a conclusion; (3) deep pocket studies showed no statistical differences in PPD and CAL reduction between ultrasonic and manual groups. For 6-months follow-up: (1) too few shallow initial PPD studies to draw a conclusion; (2) at medium pocket depth, PPD reduction showed manual subgingival scaling better than ultrasound. No statistical differences were observed in CAL reduction between the two approaches; (3) for deep initial PPD studies, both PPD and CAL reduction showed manual subgingival scaling better. GR results indicated no statistical differences at medium and deep initial pocket studies between the two methods. BOP results showed more reduction at deep pocket depths with manual subgingival scaling. No conclusion could be drawn about residual dental calculus. Conclusion: When initial PPD was 4-6mm, PPD reduction proved manual subgingival scaling was superior, but CAL results showed no statistical differences between the two means. When initial PPD was ≥6mm, PPD and CAL reductions suggested that manual subgingival scaling was superior.
The reliability and validity of a novel Chinese version simplified modified Rankin scale questionnaire(2011)
Authors: yuan Junliang , wang yunxiao , Hu Wenli , Bruno Askiel
Published: March 2020

Background

The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) is a key global outcome measure after stroke internationally. The latest English version of the simplified modified Rankin scale questionnaire (smRSq)(2011) is a reliable and valid tool in scoring the mRS after stroke. In order to use this tool in Chinese patients, we translated it into Chinese and tested its clinimetric properties.

Methods

The English version smRSq(2011) was translated into Chinese by a standard process. We recruited 300 consecutive hospitalized ischemic stroke patients in the department of neurology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital. Six randomly paired raters scored the conventional mRS, the novel Chinese version smRSq(2011), the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and the Barthel index (BI) in-person. Inter-rater reliability and validity were assessed.

Results

Among the 300 ischemic stroke patients, mean age was 64.9±12.1 years, and 220 (73%) were male. For inter-rater reliability of the smRSq(2011), the percent agreement among the paired raters was 87%, the kappa ( κ) was 0.84 (95% CI, 0.79-0.88), and the weighted kappa ( κ w ) was 0.96 (95% CI, 0.95-0.98). The percent agreement between the smRSq(2011) scores and the conventional mRS scores was 55%, κ =0.47 (95% CI, 0.40-0.54), and κ w =0.91 (95% CI, 0.89-0.93). In construct validity testing, the Spearman’s correlation coefficients comparing the smRSq(2011) scores with the NIHSS and the BI scores were 0.83 ( P <0.001) and -0.86 ( P <0.001), respectively.

Conclusions

Our results show good to excellent clinimetric properties of the novel Chinese version smRSq(2011) in scoring the mRS in Chinese stroke patients. Further validation in other clinical settings, including in communities and by remote methods in China is warranted.
Branches of the brachiocephalic was an independent risk factor for hemorrhagic pulmonary sheath (HPS) patients with acute Stanford A aortic dissection
Authors: Xie Qiuxia , Qin Haoling , Lin Ling , Guan Jian , Zhou Xuhui
Published: March 2020

Background: AAD refers to the blood flow into the middle membrane through the intimal rupture of the aorta. Hemorrhagic pulmonary sheath (HPS) is a common complication of Stanford-A AAD. The risk factors of HPS are remaining unclear
Methods: In this study, we have probed the potential risk factors of HPS patients with acute Stanford A aortic dissection. 18 HPS patients with acute Stanford A aortic dissection were selected as the case group. The age difference ± 5 years and the same sex are set as the matching principles. 36 patients with acute Stanford-A type AD who did not detect HPS in the same period were matched according to the ratio of 1:2. Demographic data, treatment methods, AD-related disease history, clinical symptoms and Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) values of each patient were collected. Meanwhile, the values of the maximum diameter of ascending aorta (mm), aortic dissection range, and the main branch of the aorta, pleural effusion/blood, and pericardial effusion/blood were measured by two experienced cardiovascular radiological physicians. Univariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis was used in this study.
Results: CCI value and the branches of the brachiocephalic in the case group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p<0.05). Univariate conditional logistic regression analysis showed CCI and branches of the brachiocephalic were associated with HPS. Multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis suggested that branches of the brachiocephalic were an independent risk factor for HPS (OR=7.02, 95%CI=1.28-38.62, p=0.025).
Conclusions: Branches of the brachiocephalic were an independent risk factor for HPS.
PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression in the tumor microenvironment including peritumoral tissue in primary central nervous system lymphoma
Authors: Furuse Motomasa , Kuwabara Hiroko , Ikeda Naokado , Hattori Yasuhiko , Ichikawa Tomotsugu , Kagawa Naoki , Kikuta Kenichiro , Tamai Sho , Nakada Mitsutoshi , Wakabayashi Toshihiko , Wanibuchi Masahiko , Kuroiwa Toshihiko , Hirose Yoshinobu , Miyatake Shin-Ichi
Published: March 2020

Background: The prevalence of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and PD-L2 expression on tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cells in primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) remains unclear. In the present study, we analyzed needle biopsy and craniotomy specimens of patients with PCNSL to compare the PD-L1 and PD-L2 levels in the tumor and surrounding (peritumoral) tissue. We also assessed the correlation between biological factors and the prognostic significance of PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the cases of 70 patients histologically diagnosed with PCNSL (diffuse large B-cell lymphoma). Immunohistochemistry for CD20, CD68, PD-L1, and PD-L2 was performed. In cases with specimens taken by craniotomy, the percentages of PD-L1- and PD-L2-positive macrophages were evaluated in both tumor and peritumoral tissue. The Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard model were used for survival analysis. Results: The tumor cells expressed little or no PD-L1 and PD-L2, but macrophages expressed PD-L1 and PD-L2 in most of the patients. The median percentage of PD-L2-positive cells was significantly higher among peritumoral macrophages (32.5%; 95%CI: 0–94.6) than intratumoral macrophages (27.5%; 95%CI: 0–81.1, p=0.0014). There was a significant correlation between the percentages of PD-L2-positive intratumoral macrophages and PD-L2-positive peritumoral macrophages (p=0.0429), with very low coefficient correlation (ρ=0.098535). PD-L1 expression on macrophages was significantly associated with biological factors (intratumoral macrophages: better KPS, p=0.0008; better MSKCC score, p=0.0103; peritumoral macrophages: low proportion of LDH elevation, p=0.0064) and longer OS (for intratumoral macrophages: high PD-L1=60 months, 95%CI=30–132.6; low PD-L1=24 months, 95%CI=11–48; p=0.032; for peritumoral macrophages: high PD-L1=60 months, 95%CI=30.7–NR; low PD-L1=14 months, 95%CI=3–26). PD-L1 expression on peritumoral macrophages was strongly predictive of a favorable outcome (HR=0.30, 95%CI=0.12–0.77, p=0.0129). Conclusions: Macrophages in intratumoral and peritumoral tissue expressed PD-L1 and PD-L2 at a higher rate than tumor cells. PD-L1 expression, especially on peritumoral macrophages, seems to be an important prognostic factor in PCNSL. Future comprehensive analysis of checkpoint molecules in the tumor microenvironment, including the peritumoral tissue, is warranted.
Leucine-rich α2-glycoprotein-1 upregulation in plasma and kidney of patients with lupus nephritis
Authors: Yang Yi , Luo Ran , Cheng Yichun , Liu Tingting , Dai Wei , Li Yueqiang , Ge Shuwang , Xu Gang
Published: March 2020

Background Increased leucine-rich α2-glycoprotein-1 (LRG1) has been observed in various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. We aimed to explore the expression and role of LRG1 in lupus nephritis (LN). Methods Plasma LRG1 (pLRG1) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 101 patients with renal biopsy-proven LN and 21 healthy controls (HC). Relationships between pLRG1 and clinical and pathological characteristics were analyzed. The expression of LRG1 in peripheral blood leukocytes and kidney was detected by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, respectively. Further cell experiments were focused on the role of LRG1. Results We found that LRG1 was expressed in plasma, some peripheral blood leukocytes, proximal tubule and several inflammatory cells. The levels of LRG1 in plasma, peripheral blood leukocytes and kidney were elevated in LN patients as compared to HC. Plasma expression levels of LRG1 correlated positively with renal function and renal disease activity, and reflect specific pathologic lesions in the kidneys of patients with LN. Interleukin-1β and interleukin-6, not tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon γ induced the LRG1 expression in human renal tubular epithelial cell line. Moreover, stimulation of recombinant human LRG1 could inhibit late apoptosis, promote proliferation and regulate expression of inflammatory factors and cytokines. Conclusions Plasma expression levels of LRG1 were associated with renal function, disease activity, and pathology in LN. It might also be involved in renal inflammation, proliferation and apoptosis of endothelial cells. LRG1 might be a potential prognosis novel predictor in LN patients.
Analysis of the role of TpUB05 antigen from Theileria parva in immune responses to malaria in humans compared to its homologue in Plasmodium falciparum; UB05 antigen
Authors: Dinga Jerome Nyhalah , Gamua Stanley Dobgima , Perimbie Stephanie Numenyi , Chuma Francis N. G. , Njimoh Dieudonné Lemuh , Djikeng Apollinaire , Pelle Roger , Titanji Vincent P. K.
Published: March 2020

The authors have withdrawn this preprint from Research Square
First-year drug therapy of new-onset rheumatoid and undifferentiated arthritis: A nationwide register-based study.
Authors: Muilu Paula , Rantalaiho Vappu , Kautiainen Hannu , Virta Lauri Juhani , Eriksson Johan , Puolakka Kari
Published: March 2020

Backgroud: In this retrospective cohort study, we evaluated the drug therapies used for early rheumatoid (RA) and undifferentiated (UA) arthritis patients. Methods: From a nationwide register maintained by the Social Insurance Institution, information on sex, date of birth, and date of special medicine reimbursement decision for all new Finnish RA and UA patients between 2011-14 were collected, and their DMARD (Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drug) purchases during the first year after the diagnosis were analyzed. Results: A total of 7338 patients with early RA (67.3% female, 68.1% seropositive) and 2433 with early UA (67.8% female) were identified. DMARDs were initiated during the first month after the diagnosis to 92.0 % of the patients with seropositive RA, 90.3% with seronegative RA and to 87.7% with UA (p<0.001). Respectively, 72.1%, 63.4%, and 42.9% of the patients (p<0.001) purchased methotrexate; 49.8%, 35.9%, and 16.0% (p<0.001) as part of a DMARD combination during the first month. By the end of the first year after the diagnosis, self-injected biologics were purchased by 2.6%, 5.3% and 3.1% (p<0.001) of them. Only 1.4%, 2.6% and 3.0% (p<0.001) of the patients were not receiving any DMARDs. During the first year, 83.4% of the seropositive RA patients had purchased methotrexate, 50.4% sulfasalazine, 72.1% hydroxychloroquine, and 72.6% prednisolone. Conclusions: Currently, combination therapy including methotrexate is a common treatment strategy for early seropositive RA in Finland. Despite an easy access to biologics, these drugs are seldom needed during the first year after diagnosis.
Effects of stigma, hope and social support on quality of life among Chinese patients diagnosed with oral cancer: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhang Ying , Cui Chun-Ying , Wang Yu , Wang Lie
Published: March 2020

Background Improving quality of life (QoL) has been one of the goals of health care for people living with oral cancer. This study aimed to assess QoL and investigate the effects of stigma, hope, and social support on QoL among Chinese oral cancer patients.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Stomatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University and Stomatology Hospital of China Medical University in Liaoning Province, China, between May 2016 and October 2017. A total of 230 oral cancer patients were recruited to complete a questionnaire including the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Head and Neck (FACT-H&N), the Social Impact Scale (SIS), the Herth Hope Index (HHI) and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Univariate one-way ANOVA/t-test, Person’s r and hierarchical linear regression analysis were conducted to explore the factors influencing QoL and the relationships between stigma, hope, perceived social support and QoL.Results The mean QoL score was 90.85±20.15 among the patients with oral cancer. Stigma was negatively related to QoL, explaining 39.3% of the variance. In addition, hope and perceived social support were positively associated with QoL, explaining 8.1% of the variance.Conclusion Overall, Chinese patients with oral cancer suffer from low QoL. Stigma was significantly and negatively associated with QoL, while hope and perceived social support were positively associated with QoL. Oral cancer patients’ psychological states should be addressed, and adequate intervention based on positive psychological resources should be provided to improve the QoL of patients with oral cancer.
The Desire to Die in Palliative Care: A sequential mixed methods study to develop a semi-structured clinical aproach
Authors: Kremeike Kerstin , Frerich Gerrit , Romotzky Vanessa , Bostroem Kathleen , Dojan Thomas , Galushko Maren , Shah-Hosseini Kija , Juenger Saskia , Rodin Gary , Pfaff Holger , Perrar Klaus Maria , Voltz Raymond
Published: March 2020

Background: Although desire to die of varying intensity and permanence is frequent in patients receiving palliative care, uncertainty exists concerning appropriate therapeutic responses to it. To support health professionals in dealing with patients´ potential desire to die, a training program and a semi-structured clinical interview approach was developed. This study aimed for a revision of and consensus building on the clinical approach to support proactively addressing desire to die and routine exploration of death and dying distress. Methods: Within a sequential mixed methods design, we invited 16 palliative patients to participate in semi-structured interviews and 377 (inter-)national experts to attend a two-round Delphi process. Interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis and an agreement consensus for the Delphi was determined according to predefined criteria. Results : 11 (69%) patients from different settings participated in face-to-face interviews. As key issues for conversations on desire to die they pointed out the relationship between professionals and patients, the setting and support from external experts, if required. A set of 149 (40%) experts (132/89% from Germany, 17/11% from 9 other countries) evaluated ten domains of the semi-structured clinical approach. There was immediate consensus on nine domains concerning conversation design, suggestions for (self-)reflection, and further recommended action. The one domain in which consensus was not achieved until the second round was “proactively addressing desire to die”. Conclusions : We have provided the first semi-structured clinical approach to identify and address desire to die and to respond therapeutically – based on evidence, patients’ views and consensus among professional experts. Trial registration: The study is registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00012988; registration date: 27.9.2017) and in the Health Services Research Database (VfD_DEDIPOM_17_003889; registration date: 14.9.2017).
Circulating heat shock protein 27 as a novel marker of subclinical atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional community-based study
Authors: Wang Xinru , Shi Jie , Lu Bin , Zhang Weiwei , Yang Yehong , Wen Jie , Hu Renming , Yang Zhen , Wang Xuanchun
Published: March 2020

Background Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) has been proposed as a vital protective factor in atherosclerosis. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the association between circulating HSP27 and intima–media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery in individuals with type 2 diabetes and to determine whether HSP27 represents an independent marker for subclinical atherosclerosis in this patient population. Methods We performed a cross-sectional community-based study consisting in 186 Chinese subjects with a median duration of diabetes of 8.2 years who underwent carotid ultrasound IMT measurement. Serum HSP27 levels were assessed by ELISA. Results Serum HSP27 levels were significantly higher in the IMT (+, >1.0 mm) group than in the IMT (-, ≤1.0 mm) group, with the median value of 8.80 ng/mL (5.62–12.25) and 6.93 ng/mL (4.23–9.60), respectively ( P =0.006). The discriminative value of HSP27 to evaluate IMT was 7.16 ng/mL and the area under the curve was 0.72 (95%CI=0.64–0.80, P=0.0065). Spearman's rank correlation analysis demonstrated that the concentrations of circulating HSP27 were positively correlated with carotid IMT ( r =0.198, P =0.007) and blood urea nitrogen ( r =0.170, P <0.05). Furthermore, in the logistic model, serum HSP27 levels were found to be independent predictors of carotid IMT in type 2 diabetic patients after adjustment for onset age of diabetes, blood pressure, total cholesterol and C-reactive protein. (OR=1.085, P =0.022). Conclusions Circulating HSP27 level positively correlates with carotid IMT, is an independent predictor for early atherosclerotic changes in diabetes, and may represent a novel marker of subclinical atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes.
Majocchi’s Granuloma on the Forearm Caused by Trichophyton tonsurans in an Immunocompetent Patient
Authors: Zheng Yun-yan , Li Yue , Chen Ming-yan , Mei Qian-yun , Zhang Ru-zhi
Published: March 2020

Majocchi's granuloma is an uncommon fungal infection of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. The most frequently identified cause of Majocchi’s granuloma is anthropophilic Trichophyton rubrum, and it is most commonly located on the anterior aspect of the lower limbs in women. Here, we report a case of Majocchi’s granuloma on the forearm, a site that is rarely involved, in a 62-year-old woman who had been bitten by a dog. Histological examination revealed a dense dermal infiltrate composed of lymphoplasmacytic cells and neutrophils, with hyphae in the dermis. The presence of the fungus, Trichophyton tonsurans, was confirmed by mycological examination. Therefore, histological and mycological examination conformed the diagnosis of Majocchi’s granuloma. The patient was treated with local moxibustion and itraconazole, 200 mg/day, for 60 days, which facilitated a complete resolution of the lesions
Expression of tripartite motif‑containing 44 and its prognostic and clinicopathological value in human malignancies：a meta-analysis
Authors: Xiao Guoliang , Yang Qiuxi , Bao Ziwei , Mao Haixia , Zhang Yi , Lin Shibu
Published: March 2020

Background: Previous researches have reported that tripartite motif-containing 44 (TRIM44) is related to the prognosis of multiple human tumors. This study was designed to systematically assess the prognostic value of TRIM44 in human malignancies and to describe its possible mechanisms of oncogenesis. Methods: The available databases worldwide were searched for eligible studies that evaluated the clinicopathological and prognostic roles of TRIM44 in patients with malignancies.The hazard ratio (HR) and combined odds ratios (ORs) were combined to assess the predictive role of TRIM44 using Stata/SE 14.1 software. Results: A total of 1,740 patients from thirteen original studies were finally included in this study . The results of the combined analysis showed that over-expression of TRIM44 was significantly correlated with shorter overall survival (OS) in cancer patients (HR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.65–2.83) as well as worse disease-free survival (DFS) (HR= 2.13 (95% CI 1.45–3.11). Additionally, the combined ORs indicated that elevated TRIM44 expression was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (OR=2.69, 95% CI: 1.71–4.24), distant metastasis (OR=10.35, 95% CI: 1.01-106.24), poor tumor differentiation (OR=1.78, 95% CI: 1.03–3.09), increased depth of tumor invasion (OR=2.72, 95% CI: 1.73–4.30), advanced clinical stage (OR=2.75, 95% CI: 2.04-3.71), and recurrence (OR=2.30, 95% CI: 1.34–3.95). Analysis of expression using Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) indicated that the expression of TRIM44 was higher in most tumor tissues than in the corresponding normal tissues.Survival analysis indicated high levels of TRIM44 mRNA were associated with unfavorable OS and DFS in various malignancies. Conclusions: TRIM44 may serve as a valuable prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for patients with malignancies.
Oral intermittent Vitamin D substitution: Influence of pharmaceutical form and dosage frequency on medication adherence: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Rothen Jean-Pierre , Rutishauser Jonas , Walter Philipp N , Hersberger Kurt E , Arnet Isabelle
Published: March 2020

Background

To assess adherence to and preference for vitamin D substitution with different pharmaceutical forms and frequencies of administration.

Methods

A focus group of stakeholders aimed at preparing the design of an interventional, randomized, cross-over study with 2 x 2 groups obtaining monthly or weekly vitamin D products in liquid or solid form for 3 months each. Dosage corresponds to cumulated amount of recommended 800 IU daily (5.600 IU weekly / 24.000 IU monthly). Main inclusion criteria were a vitamin D serum value <50 nmol/l and age ≥18 years. Primary endpoint was adherence, secondary endpoints were preferences and vitamin D serum levels.

Results

The focus group reached consensus for preference of a monthly administration of solid forms to adults.

Full datasets were obtained from 97 participants. Adherence was significantly higher with monthly (79.5 – 100.0%) than weekly (66.4 – 98.1%) administration. Vitamin D levels increased significantly (p<0.001) in all participants. An optimal value of >75 nmol/l was achieved by 32% after 3 months and by 50% after 6 months. Preferred formulation was solid form (tablets, capsules) for 71% of participants, and preferred dosage frequency was monthly for 39% of participants.

Conclusions

Monthly oral vitamin D in solid form lead to the highest adherence, and is preferred by the participants. However, only one third of study participants achieved values in the optimal range of >75 nmol/l cholecalciferol using weekly or monthly administration providing an average daily cholecalciferol dose of 800 IU.
Effect of the Selection Pressure of Vaccine Antibodies on Evolution of H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus in Chickens
Authors: SU Hailong , Zhao Yu , Zheng Lirong , Wang Shifeng , Shi Huoying , Liu Xiufan
Published: March 2020

H9N2 avian influenza virus has spread worldwide, and vaccination with an inactivated virus is currently the major prevention method in China. To further understand the effect of the selection pressure from antibodies on the evolution of H9N2 avian influenza virus, F/98 (A/Chicken/Shanghai/F/98), which is the vaccine representative of H9N2 avian influenza virus in East China, was used for serial passaging for 20 generations in chickens with and without vaccination. After plaque purification from trachea and lung tissues, 390 quasispecies were obtained. The second-generation quasispecies under the selection pressure of vaccine antibodies had undergone 100% antigen variation, while after passaging to the fifth generation, only 30-40% of the quasispecies displayed antigen variation when there was no selection pressure of vaccine antibodies, implying that the selection pressure of vaccine antibodies promotes the antigen variation of F/98. We found for the first time that there were three mutation hotspots in the HA genes of the quasispecies under the selection pressure of vaccine antibodies, which were K131R, A168T, and N201D. Moreover, under the selection pressure of vaccine antibodies, 10 amino acids (67-76) of the NA protein of all quasispecies were deleted, and PB2 of the quasispecies had undergone a high-frequency R355K mutation. However, without selection pressure of vaccine antibodies, NP had undergone two high-frequency mutations, namely, V186I and L466I, and a high-frequency mutation of L77I appeared in the NS gene. This result shows that the vaccine antibody selection pressure could control and regulate gene variation of the F/98 virus. Compared to that of the parental virus F/98, the EID 50 of the twentieth passaged virus under the selection pressure of vaccine antibodies did not change, while the EID 50 of the twentieth passaged virus without selection pressure of vaccine antibodies was significantly enhanced by 794 times. Furthermore, the twentieth passaged virus with selection pressure from vaccine antibodies lost its lethal ability in embryonated chicken eggs, whereas the EID 50 of the twentieth passaged virus without selection pressure of vaccine antibodies increased to 6.3 times that of the F/98 strain. All the above results show that the selection pressure of vaccine antibodies promotes the antigen variation of H9N2 avian influenza virus and plays a role in regulating and controlling gene mutation of H9N2 avian influenza virus.
Serum calcium as a biomarker of clinical severity and prognosis in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Sun Jia-Kui , Zhang Wen-Hao , Zou Lei , Liu Ying , Li Jing-Jing , Kan Xiao-Hua , Dai Lian , Shi Qian-Kun , Yuan Shou-Tao , Yu Wen-Kui , Xu Hong-Yang , Gu Wei , Qi Jian-Wei
Published: March 2020

Background: To investigate the correlations between serum calcium and clinical severity and outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods: In this clinical retrospective study, the levels of serum calcium, hormone levels and clinical laboratory parameters of admission were recorded. The clinical severity and outcome variables were also recorded.Results: From February 10 to February 28 2020, 241 patients were enrolled in this study. Of these patients, 180 (74.7%) had hypocalcemia on admission. The median serum calcium levels were 2.12 (IQR, 2.04-2.20) mmol/L, median parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were 55.27 (IQR, 42.73-73.15) pg/mL, median 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (VD) levels were 10.20 (IQR, 8.20-12.65) ng/mL. The serum calcium levels were significantly positive correlated with VD levels (P =0.004), whereas negative correlated with PTH levels (P = 0.048). Patients with lower serum calcium levels (especially ≤2.0 mmol/L) had worse clinical parameters, higher incidence of organ injury septic shock and higher 28-day mortality. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, septic shock, and 28-day mortality were 0.923 (P <0.001), 0.905 (P =0.001), and 0.929 (P <0.001), respectively. The overall mortality of COVID-19 was 4.1% (10/241), whereas the mortality of critical patients was up to 40.0% (10/25). Conclusions: Serum calcium was associated with clinical severity and prognosis of patients with COVID-19. Hypocalcemia may be associated with imbalanced VD and PTH.
Impact of invasive species on the density and body size of an insular endemic lizard (Trachylepis atlantica)
Authors: Gasparotto Vinícius Peron de Oliveira , Micheletti Tatiane , Mangini Paulo Rogério , Dias Ricardo Augusto
Published: March 2020

Background Invasive species have been responsible for the extinction of several species around the world. The Noronha skink is an endemic lizard from the Fernando de Noronha archipelago, Brazil, that has been suffering from habitat changes and the introduction of invasive species. Results The density of Trachylepis atlantica on the main island was 0.167 ± 0.090 individuals/m2; that on the secondary islands was 0.357 ± 0.170 individuals/m2; and that on the entire archipelago was 0.184 ± 0.109 individuals/m2. Moreover, the morphometric parameters of the Noronha skink were compared between the main island and secondary islands. The values of all parameters were higher on the secondary islands. Conclusion The occurrence of invasive species on the main island seems to be a determining factor in the density and body size of the Noronha skink.
Awareness towards signs and symptoms of stroke and assessment of factors associated with knowledge of five symptoms of stroke among general public Malaysia: A regression analysis.
Authors: Albohari Abdullah Abdulmajid Abdo Ahmed , AL-Shami Abdulkareem Mohammed , Nahas Abdul Rahman Fata , Aslam Adeel , Zawiah Mohammed , Jamshed Shazia
Published: March 2020

Background Stroke remains one of the leading cause of mortality and disability in developing and developed countries. Lack of awareness towards signs and symptoms of stroke leads to delayed presentation to the hospital contributing towards increased morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess the awareness of and action towards signs and symptoms of stroke. Methodology This is cross-sectional study executed among 393 lay public who aged 18-64 years old in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia using structured questionnaire survey. Results Mojority of respondents (78) identifed sudden face, arms and leg numbness whereas 42% of them identifed problems in vision. However, 10.4% were unaaware of any symptoms while 30% identified appropriate action. Furthermore, 88.8% recognized at least one stroke symptoms and 27.5% of them identifed all five stroke symptoms as well as 9.4% of individuals had excellent awareness (aware of all five stroke symptoms and appropriate action “calling an ambulance”). Multivariable logistic regression shows that individuals aged 18-45 years (OR=0.054, 95% Cl=0.006-0.500, p =0.010), self-employed (OR=12.430, 95% Cl=1.372-31.908, p =0.028), those who were diagnosed with hypertension (OR=0.129, 95% Cl=0.025-0.673, p =0.015) and student (OR=35.945. 95% Cl=1.745-740.615, p =0.020) were more likely to recognise all the five stroke symptoms and appropriate action. Conclusion The awareness and action towards signs, symptoms is poor among lay public in Kuantan, Malaysia. Therefore, the findings of this study would be a baseline for program interventions that focus on public awareness and policy development on stroke management.
Prevalence Of Suicidal Ideation And Associated Risk Factors Among College Students: Eritrea
Authors: Berhe Michael , Tewelde yonas , yohanes Filimon , Berhane Haben
Published: March 2020

Suicidal ideation is a common medical term and refers to the thoughts one has about taking his or her own life, with some degree of intent. Although a person may experience suicidal thoughts, it does not mean he or she is in imminent danger of committing suicide.it is influenced by many risk factors like gender, age, depression, family support and others. Suicidal ideation and suicidal attempt are significant among college students. Suicide ideation is considered to be an important precursor to later attempted and completed suicide [52] and is of major public health significance. So the purpose of the study is to assess the prevalence of suicidal ideation and its risk factors among 7 Eritrean colleges. This study was conducted on 466 college students and employed a cross sectional study design with stratification sampling. Students self-completed a questionnaire which included a brief demographic section and a section with MID, HADS, AUDIT, MSSPS and MSSI. THE data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. The overall occurrence of suicidal ideations in the study sample was 25.9%. The risk factors identified in the study were depression, anxiety, alcohol abuse and perceived social support, attending religious activity and satisfaction with the credit hours assigned were significantly associated with suicidal ideation and they were found to be as protective factors. While no significant differences among those with suicidal ideations in terms of gender, religion, study program, where you live. The results of this study highlight the importance of establishing prevention and intervention programmers on university campuses to create more awareness about suicide and offer more education to students on this topic in general, as well as to specifically offer counseling and support to students suffering from suicidal ideations.
Construction of SSR linkage maps and identification of QTL for resistance to root rot in sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.)
Authors: Ma Zhimin , Gao Wenchuan , Liu Lanfu , Liu Minghui , Zhao Ning , Han Meikun , Wang Zhao , Jiao Weijing , Gao Zhiyuan , Hu Yaya , Liu Qingchang
Published: March 2020

Background: Sweetpotato root rot is a devastating disease caused by Fusarium solani that causes significant yield losses of sweetpotato in China. There is currently no effective method to control the disease. The breeding of resistant varieties is the most effective and economic way to control the disease. To date, quantitative trait locus (QTL) for resistance to root rot have not been reported and the biological mechanisms of resistance remain unclear in sweetpotato. Thus, it is necessary and worthwhile to identify resistance loci to help develop disease-resistant varieties. Results: In this study, we constructed genetic linkage maps of sweetpotato using a mapping population consisting of 300 individuals derived from a cross between Jizishu 1 and Longshu 9 by simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, and mapped seven QTLs for resistance to root rot. In total, 484 and 573 polymorphic SSR markers were grouped into 90 linkage groups for Jizishu 1 and Longshu 9, respectively. The total map distance for Jizishu 1 was 3,974.24 cM, with an average marker distance of 8.23 cM. The total map distance for Longshu 9 was 5,163.35 cM, with an average marker distance of 9.01 cM. Five QTLs ( qRRM_1 , qRRM_2 , qRRM_3, qRRM_4 , and qRRM_5 ) were located in five linkage groups of Jizishu 1 map explaining 52.6-57.0% of the variation. Two QTLs ( qRRF_1 and qRRF_2 ) were mapped on two linkage groups of Longshu 9 explaining 57.6% and 53.6% of the variation. 71.4 % of the QTLs had a positive effect on the variation. Three of the seven QTLs, qRRM_3 , qRRF_1 , and qRRF_2 , were colocalized with markers IES43-5mt, IES68-6fs**, and IES108-1fs, respectively. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first report on the construction of a genetic linkage map for purple sweetpotato (Jizishu 1) and the identification of QTLs associated with resistance to root rot in sweetpotato using SSR markers. These QTLs will have practical significance for the fine mapping of root rot resistance genes and play an important role in sweetpotato marker-assisted breeding.
Interleukin (IL)-1 family cytokine in primary immune thrombocytopenia: a comparison with systemic lupus erythematosus-associated thrombocytopenia
Authors: Zhan Yanxia , Wu Boting , liu Chanjuan , Cheng Luya , Ji Lili , Li Feng , Ke Yang , Chen Pu , Hua Fanli , Yuan Ling , Min Zhihui , Sun Lihua , Chen Hao , Cheng Yunfeng
Published: March 2020

Background : Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune-mediated disorder characterized by decreased platelet count. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is also an autoimmune disease which thrombocytopenia is a common hematologic manifestation. Interleukin (IL)-1 family cytokines are major proinflammatory and immunoregulatory mediators. This study aimed to investigate the role of IL-1 cytokines in patients with ITP and SLE and the potential pathophysiologic mechanism to differentiate SLE-associated thrombocytopenia (SLE-TP) from ITP. Methods : Multiplex cytokine assay and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to measure the IL-1 cytokines in 17 newly diagnosed ITP patients, 17 SLE-TP patients, 19 SLE patients without thrombocytopenia (SLE-NTP) and 10 healthy controls. Results : The serum levels of IL-1β, IL-18, IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ and IL-33 were decreased significantly in ITP patients as compared with SLE-TP, SLE-NTP patients and healthy controls ( p <0.05). There was no significantly difference in the serum level of IL-37 between ITP and SLE-TP patients, however, there is a positive correlation between platelet count with IL-37 level in ITP patients. Our data suggested that serum IL-1β, IL-18, IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ, IL-33 and IL-37 were involved in the pathogenesis of ITP. Conclusions : Serum IL-1β, IL-18, IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ and IL-33 could be considered biomarkers to differentiate SLE-TP from ITP patients.
TREM-1 modulates dendritic cell maturation and dendritic cell–mediated T cell activation induced by ox-LDL
Authors: Wang Yunkai , Wang Jie , Han Lu , Shen Yun Li , You Jie Yun , Zhang Chun Yu , Liu Xian Dong , Zhang Qi
Published: March 2020

Background: Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)-1is identified as a major upstream proatherogenic receptor. However, the cellular processes modulated by TREM-1 in the development of atherosclerosis and plaque destabilization has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effects of TREM-1 on dendritic cell maturation and dendritic cell–mediated T-cell activation induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) in atherogenesis. Methods: Human peripheral blood monocytes were differentiated to dendritic cells and stimulated by ox-LDL. Naive autologous T cells were co-cultured with pretreated dendritic cells.The expressionof TREM-1 and the production of inflammatory cytokines were assessed by real-time PCR, western blot and ELISA.The expression of immune factors was determined with FACS to evaluate dendritic cell maturation and T-cell activation. Results: Stimulation with ox-LDL promoted dendritic cell maturation, TREM-1 expression and T-cell activation, and exposure of T cells to ox-LDL-treated dendritic cells induced production of interferon-γ and IL-17. Blocking TREM-1 suppressed dendritic cell maturation with low expression of CD1a, CD40, CD86 and HLA-DR, decreased production of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and MCP-1, and increased secretion of TGF-β and IL-10. In addition, stimulation of ox-LDL induced miR-155, miR-27, Let-7c and miR-185 expression, whereas inhibition of TREM-1 repressed miRNA-155. Silencing TREM-1 or miRNA-155 increased SOCS1 expression induced by ox-LDL. T cells derived from carotid atherosclerotic plaques or healthy individuals showed similar result patterns. Conclusion: These data suggest that TREM-1 modulates maturation of dendritic cells and activation of plaque T cells induced by ox-LDL, a pivotal player in atherogenesis.