bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in the Prescription of Glucose‐Lowering Medications in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus After a Cardiovascular Event: A Call to Action From the DATAFILE Study
Authors: Fadini Gian Paolo , Frison Vera , Simioni Natalino , Lapolla Annunziata , Gatti Adriano , Bossi Antonio Carlo , Del Buono Andrea , Fornengo Paolo , Gottardo Lucia , Laudato Mario , Perseghin Gianluca , Bonora Enzo , Avogaro Angelo
Published: July 2019

Background

Evidence accumulated that some glucose‐lowering medications protect against cardiovascular events (
CVEs
) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and established cardiovascular disease. The present study evaluated if and how glucose‐lowering medication prescription pattern changes in T2DM after a CVE.

Methods and Results

DATAFILE (Diabetes Therapy After a Cardiovascular Event) was a retrospective multicenter study conducted at 12 diabetes mellitus specialist outpatient clinics in Italy. We identified T2DM patients with an incident
CVE
for whom a follow‐up visit was available after the event. We selected control T2DM patients without an incident
CVE
, who were matched with cases for age, sex, known diabetes mellitus duration, baseline hemoglobin A
1c
, kidney function, and follow‐up time. We extracted clinical variables and compared prescribed therapies at baseline and follow‐up. We included 563 patients with and 497 matched patients without an incident
CVE
. As expected, patients with a subsequent
CVE
had a higher baseline prevalence of ischemic heart disease. After a median of 9.5 months, in patients with versus those without a
CVE
, there was a significant increase in the prescription of beta‐blockers, loop diuretics, dual antiplatelet therapy, and, among glucose‐lowering medications, a significant decrease in metformin. Hemoglobin A
1c
marginally declined only in the control group, whereas low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased only in patients with
CVE
.

Conclusions

This study highlights that occurrence of a
CVE
in T2DM patients did not prime the prescription of glucose‐lowering medications provided with cardiovascular protective effects, even though glucose control remained poor. These data emphasize the need to optimize the therapeutic regimen of T2DM patients with established cardiovascular disease, according to updated guidelines.
Time‐Integrated Aortic Regurgitation Index Helps Guide Balloon Postdilation During Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement and Predicts Survival
Authors: Kumar Arnav , Sato Kimi , Jobanputra Yash , Betancor Jorge , Halane Mohamed , George Robin , Banerjee Kinjal , Mohananey Divyanshu , Menon Vivek , Sammour Yasser M. , Krishnaswamy Amar , Jaber Wael A. , Mick Stephanie , Svensson Lars G. , Kapadia Samir R.
Published: July 2019

Background

Balloon postdilation (
BPD
) has emerged as an effective strategy to reduce paravalvular regurgitation (
PVR
) during transcatheter aortic valve replacement (
TAVR
). We investigated the utility of a time‐integrated aortic regurgitation index (
TIARI
) to guide balloon postdilation (
BPD
) after valve deployment.

Methods and Results

All consecutive patients who had echocardiography, aortography, and hemodynamic tracings recorded immediately after valve deployment during
TAVR
were included in the study. Catheter‐derived invasive hemodynamic parameters were calculated offline. Among 157 patients who underwent
TAVR
, 49 (32%) patients required
BPD
to reduce significant
PVR
after valve deployment. Two experienced operators decided whether the patients required
BPD
for significant
PVR
. Median
TIARI
measured immediately after valve deployment was significantly lower in patients who required
BPD
when compared with patients who did not require
BPD
(
P
<0.001). In a multivariable analysis, lower
TIARI
(odds ratio: 0.81;
P
=0.003) and higher
PVR
grade on aortography and echocardiography (
P
<0.001 for both) were associated with
BPD
. Adding
TIARI
to echocardiography and aortographic
PVR
assessment resulted in a significant increase in global χ
2
(
P
<0.001), an integrated discrimination index of 9% (
P
=0.002), and combined C‐statistics of 0.99 for predicting
BPD
. Higher
TIARI
after valve deployment was associated with better survival (hazard ratio: 0.94,
P
=0.014), while other hemodynamic and imaging parameters did not predict mortality after
TAVR
.

Conclusions

Among patients undergoing
TAVR
, a
TIARI
measured immediately after valve deployment adds incremental value to guide
BPD
over aortography and echocardiography. Higher residual
TIARI
is associated with better survival after
TAVR
.
Long‐Term Risk Stratification of Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography According to the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Risk Score for Secondary Prevention
Authors: Zafrir Barak , Adawi Salim , Khalaily Marah , Jaffe Ronen , Eitan Amnon , Barnett‐Griness Ofra , Saliba Walid
Published: July 2019

Background

A risk score for secondary prevention after myocardial infarction (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Risk Score for Secondary Prevention [TRS2P]), based on 9 established clinical factors, was recently developed from the
TRA
2°P‐
TIMI
50 (Thrombin Receptor Antagonist in Secondary Prevention of Atherothrombotic Ischemic Events) trial. We aimed to evaluate the performance of
TRS
2P for predicting long‐term outcomes in real‐world patients presenting for coronary angiography.

Methods and Results

A retrospective analysis of 13 593 patients referred to angiography for the assessment or treatment of coronary disease was performed. Risk stratification for 10‐year major adverse cardiovascular events was performed using the
TRS
2P, divided into 6 categories (0 to ≥5 points), and in relation to the presenting coronary syndrome. All clinical variables, except prior coronary artery bypass grafting, were independent risk predictors. The annualized incidence rate of major adverse cardiovascular events increased in a graded manner with increasing
TRS
2P, ranging from 1.65 to 16.6 per 100 person‐years (
P
trend
<0.001). Compared with the lowest‐risk group (risk indicators=0), the hazard ratios (95% CIs) for 10‐year major adverse cardiovascular events were 1.60 (95% CI, 1.36–1.89), 2.58 (95% CI, 2.21–3.02), 4.31 (95% CI, 3.69–5.05), 6.43 (95% CI, 5.47–7.56), and 10.03 (95% CI, 8.52–11.81), in those with 1, 2, 3, 4 and ≥5 risk indicators, respectively. Risk gradation was consistent among individual clinical end points.
TRS
2P showed reasonable discrimination with C‐statistics of 0.693 for major adverse cardiovascular events and 0.758 for mortality. The graded relationship between the risk score and event rates was observed in both patients presenting with acute and nonacute coronary syndromes.

Conclusions

The use of
TRS
2P, a simple risk score based on routinely collected variables, enables risk stratification in patients undergoing coronary angiography. Its predictive value was demonstrated in a real‐world setting with long‐term follow‐up and regardless of the acuity of coronary presentation.
How the Sauce Got to be Better than the Fish: Scholarship and Rivalry in Isaac Casaubon’s Studies of Ancient Satire
Authors: De Smet Ingrid A. R.
Published: July 2019

Isaac Casaubon’s 1605 Persius edition and its companion-piece, the De satyrica Graecorum poesi et Romanorum satira, likewise published in 1605, have long been considered milestones in the history of scholarship on Ancient satire. Marshalling evidence from humanist correspondences, annotated copies of early printed books, manuscripts and visual materials, this study offers a fresh and much fuller and more nuanced view of either book’s trajectory from concept to print and distribution, of the motivations and guiding principles behind Casaubon’s research, and, more generally, of scholarly endeavor around the turn of the seventeenth century. I demonstrate how Casaubon’s work on satire is linked to the humanist recovery of Ancient scholia, how its erudition integrates observations on the contemporary world and non-textual evidence, and how it is marked by fierce scholarly rivalry and – hitherto underestimated – confessional differences.
A new genus of the tribe Meconematini (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae)
Authors: LIU XIANWEI , ZHANG DINGJIE
Published: July 2019

In this paper, one new genus, three new species are described: Alloxiphidiopsis gen. n., Alloxiphidiopsis cyclolamina sp. n., Alloxiphidiopsis longicauda sp. n. and Alloxiphidiopsis ovalis sp. n. (Meconematini). Two new combinations are proposed: Alloxiphidiopsis emarginata (Tinkham, 1944) comb. n. and Alloxiphidiopsis irregularis (Bey-Bienko, 1962) comb. n. from Xiphidiopsis. A key to the species is given.
Checklist of fresh and brackish water free-living copepods (Crustacea: Calanoida and Cyclopoida) from Croatia
Authors: TERNJEJ IVANČICA , STANKOVIĆ IGOR
Published: July 2019

A checklist of Croatian copepods (97 cyclopoid and calanoid species and subspecies), which includes information related to the region in which the species were found, is presented. In addition, a discussion related to the species included and excluded from the list is provided.
The nymph of Atopopus tarsalis Eaton, 1881 (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae): first description, ecology and behaviour
Authors: SARTORI MICHEL , DERLETH PASCALE , WEBB J. M.
Published: July 2019

The nymph of Atopopus tarsalis Eaton, 1881, type species of the genus, is described in detail for the first time. The egg stage is also presented. Endemic to Borneo, A. tarsalis nymphs exhibit a peculiar behaviour, being able to climb boulders and stay out of the water for periods of at least 20 minutes without dehydration. Hypotheses for such behaviour are briefly discussed such as drift and predation avoidance.
On the genus Diadocidia (Diptera, Sciaroidea, Diadocidiidae) in Costa Rica
Authors: JASCHHOF MATHIAS , JASCHHOF CATRIN
Published: July 2019

The genus Diadocidia Ruthe is shown for the first time to be present in Costa Rica. Three species were found: Diadocidia nigripalpis Edwards, hitherto known to occur in the south of Brazil, and two new species, hybrida and similis. While nigripalpis is confirmed to belong to the subgenus Adidocidia Laštovka & Matile, both hybrida and similis cannot be classified on a subgeneric level, since their morphology includes features typical of both Diadocidia s. str. and Adidocidia. A key is provided to the Costa Rican species of Diadocidia.
Redescription of the Hispaniolan ladybird genus Bura Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and justification for its transfer from Coccidulinae to Sticholotidinae
Authors: VANDENBERG NATALIA J. , PEREZ-GELABERT DANIEL E.
Published: July 2019

The Hispaniolan genus Bura Mulsant is removed from Coccidulinae and placed in Sticholotidinae. The characteristics which justify this transfer are discussed and an historical review of the classification of the Sticholotidinae is presented. Bura is diagnosed and redescribed, and its affinities to other Sticholotidini are discussed. Illustrations of key generic characters are provided.
Two new species of Charidotella Weise (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Cassidini), with a key to Charidotella sexpunctata group
Authors: BOROWIEC LECH
Published: July 2019

Two new species of Charidotella s. str. are described: Charidotella moraguesi from French Guyana and Charidotella pacata from Bolivia and Brazil. Both belong to the group of species close to Charidotella sexpunctata Fabricius characterized by a dark pattern on the ventral surface of elytral disc. A key to the Charidotella sexpunctata group is given.
Redescription of Anopheles oswaldoi (Peryassú, 1922) (Diptera: Culicidae), with formal lectotype designation
Authors: MOTOKI MAYSA TIEMI , LINTON YVONNE-MARIE , RUIZ FREDDY , FLORES-MENDOZA CARMEN , SALLUM MARIA ANICE MUREB
Published: July 2019

Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) oswaldoi (Peryassú, 1922) comprises a species complex in South America. To fully characterize other taxa within the Oswaldoi Complex, it is essential to fix the identity of the nominotypical member. Given that the no type was designated in the original description, a lectotype is formally designated from the remaining syntypes in the Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro. These and other recently collected specimens from the type locality (Espírito Santo, Brazil) and the State of São Paulo, Brazil were used to redescribe the species using morphological characters of the adult female, male and male genitalia, and the fourth-instar larva and pupa. The larva, pupa, and male genitalia are illustrated. Diagnostic morphological characters of the adult female and male genitalia are provided to distinguish An. oswaldoi s.s. from the morphologically similar An. konderi, An. galvaoi, and An. ininii. DNA sequence data from the second nuclear internal transcribed spacer region (ITS2) are included to fix the molecular identity of An. oswaldoi s.s.
Diphascon (Diphascon) faialense sp. nov. a new species of Tardigrada (Eutardigrada, Hypsibiidae) from the Azores and a key to the species of the D. pingue group
Authors: FONTOURA PAULO , PILATO GIOVANNI
Published: July 2019

A new tardigrade, Diphascon (Diphascon) faialense sp. nov., is described from a moss sample collected on Faial Island, the Azores. This species belongs to the Diphascon pingue group. It differs from all other species of the group mainly by quantitative characteristics of the bucco-pharyngeal apparatus and of the claws.
The genus Ancyronyx Erichson, 1847 (Coleoptera, Elmidae) in Palawan and Busuanga, (Philippines) with descriptions of six new species
Authors: FREITAG HENDRIK , JÄCH MANFRED A.
Published: July 2019

The species of the elmid genus Ancyronyx Erichson from the Philippine islands of Palawan and Busuanga are revised. Six new species are described: Ancyronyx helgeschneideri Freitag & Jäch sp. n., A. minerva Freitag & Jäch sp. n., A. minutulus Freitag & Jäch sp. n., A. patrolus Freitag & Jäch sp. n., A. pseudopatrolus Freitag & Jäch sp. n., and A. punkti Freitag & Jäch sp. n. A checklist and a key to the species of Ancyronyx recorded from the Philippines are provided.
Descriptions of a new subgenus and two new species of Atrichobrunettia Satchell (Diptera, Psychodidae) from the Neotropical region
Authors: BRAVO FREDDY
Published: July 2019

Pachybrunettia subg. nov. is proposed for three Neotropical species of Atrichobrunettia: A. minuta Bravo from Bahia State, Brazil, A. trilobata sp.nov. from Amazonas State, Brazil and A. triangularis sp. nov from Pará State, Brazil. A key for identification of the Neotropical species of Atrichobrunettia is provided.
An annotated catalogue of the leafcutter and mason bees (genus Megachile) of the Neotropics
Authors: RAW ANTHONY
Published: July 2019

Megachile is treated here as a single genus combining Megachile with Chalicodoma. In the Americas the genus occurs from Alaska and Canada to southern Chile and Argentina, and is well represented in the tropics. Despite their economic and ecological importance as pollinators, the biology of few species has been studied in detail largely because they are difficult to identify. The 419 species in the catalogue are allocated to 28 subgenera (including 10 Old World species introduced to the region and one species dubiously recorded from the New World). Summaries of information on each species’ classification, biology and geographical distribution are given.
Additions to the mirid (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) fauna of China, 2000–2006
Authors: QI BAO-YING , SCHAEFER CARL W. , LÜ XIU-HUA
Published: July 2019

A list of Miridae from the Chinese fauna described, recorded, or revised since the 2003 list of mirids by B. Qi et al. is presented. Information about descriptions, figures, distributions, type specimens, examined materials, host plants and predation, and references is listed to guide further studies.
New Australian spore-feeding Thysanoptera (Phlaeothripidae: Idolothripinae)
Authors: MOUND LAURENCE A.
Published: July 2019

Two new genera and six new species of spore-feeding Thysanoptera are described from Australia, with Australian records of two further species, one from California and one from New Zealand. In the Tribe Pygothripini, subtribe Pygothripina, Ecacleistothrips glorious gen. et sp. n. is a large and highly polymorphic rainforest thrips: the apterous male has a transverse first abdominal tergite, in contrast to the females that have a reduced pelta as is typical of most Phlaeothripidae. Also in this subtribe, Heptathrips cumberi Mound & Walker from New Zealand is recorded widely around the southern coasts of Australia. A key is provided to the six genera of Pygothripini subtribe Allothripina in which the terminal sensorium of the maxillary palps is unusually large. In this group, four wingless species are considered: Minaeithrips aliceae gen. et sp. n. and M. driesseni sp.n. in which the maxillary stylets are wide apart, Allothrips hamideae sp. n. in which the third antennal segment has a basal flange unlike any other member of this widespread genus, and Priesneriella citricauda Hood that was previously known only from California. In the Pygothripini subtribe Macrothripina, Polytrichothrips geoffri sp. n. is described from rainforest; this genus was known previously from a single species in Sarawak. A further rainforest species, Malesiathrips australis sp.n., is described in the Tribe Idolothripini, subtribe Elaphrothripina; this genus was known previously from three species in the Asian and Pacific regions.
A new species of Chiasmocleis (Anura: Microhylidae) from the Iquitos region, Amazonian Peru, with possible direct development
Authors: MORAVEC JIŘÍ , KÖHLER JÖRN
Published: July 2019

We describe a new species of microhylid frog of the genus Chiasmocleis from the upper Amazon basin of Peru (area of Iquitos, Departamento Loreto). The new species is characterized by small size, distinct reduction of fingers I and IV and the presence of large unpigmented eggs in the oviducts. The latter character is so far unknown in the recognized species of the genus and may indicate the presence of a terrestrial reproductive mode. The generic placement of the new species is discussed.
Descriptions of larvae of the tribe Hyperini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): III. Mature larvae of the genus Donus Jekel, 1865
Authors: SKUHROVEC JIÃÍ
Published: July 2019

Descriptions of mature larvae of ten species of the genus Donus Jekel, 1865 are given: larvae of D. austerus (Boheman, 1834); D. cyrtus (Germar, 1821); D. osellai Winkelmann, 2001 and D. reichei (Capiomont, 1868) are described for the first time, larvae of D. comatus (Boheman, 1842); D. oxalidis (Herbst, 1795); D. palumbarius (Germar, 1821) and D. tesselatus (Herbst, 1795) are described for the first time in detail, and larvae of D. crinitus (Boheman, 1834) and D. intermedius (Boheman, 1842) are redescribed. An identification key for the mature larvae of twenty-nine Hyperini-species known so far is presented.
Resurrection of Crypturgus subcribrosus Eggers 1933 stat. n., and its close phylogenetic relationship to Nearctic Crypturgus (Coleoptera, Scolytinae)
Authors: JORDAL BJARTE H. , KNÍšEK MILOŠ
Published: July 2019

Crypturgus subcribrosus Eggers is removed from synonymy under C. cinereus (Herbst) and reinstated as a valid species based on evidence from DNA sequence data and morphological features. Phylogenetic analyses of Elongation Factor 1α and Cytochrome Oxidase I sequences in conjunction with morphological characters revealed a sister relationship between C. subcribrosus and two Nearctic species of Crypturgus, with C. cinereus unrelated to any of these taxa. Type material of C. cinereus has been located and lectotype with paralectotypes are designated. Amended diagnoses that include DNA barcodes are presented for C. subcribrosus and C. cinereus together with an identification key to the Fennoscandian species of Crypturgus.
A systematic study of the genus Matsumuraeses Issiki from China (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae)
Authors: LV JINMEI , LI HOUHUN
Published: July 2019

Seven species of Matsumuraeses Issiki are recorded from China, including one new species, M. medogensis, sp. nov., and two species reported for the first time from the country, M. capax Razowski & Yasuda and M. ussuriensis (Caradja). Photographs of adults and genital structures are provided, along with a key to the Chinese species.
The southernmost South American record of the genus Halicyclops Norman, 1903 (Cyclopoida: Cyclopidae) with the description of a new species
Authors: MENU-MARQUE SILVINA , SORARRAIN DORA
Published: July 2019

Species of the cyclopid genus Halicyclops are widespread in coastal, estuarine and even fluvial environments worldwide. On the Atlantic coast of South America several species have been recorded as far south as the state of São Paulo in Brazil, at about 24°25´S. Specimens belonging to this genus have been collected from plankton samples from Laguna de Mar Chiquita, a coastal lagoon on the Argentinean coast at 37°40' S, 57°19' W. These do not fit the diagnosis of any of the known species, and are here described as a new species. Both sexes of Halicyclops ramirezi sp. nov. are described and illustrated. It is distinguished by a combination of characters relating to (1) the last endopodal segment of P4, (2) shape and armature of P5, (3) size and spinulation of the spine on the basipodite of P1, and (4) length/width ratio of the fourth A1 segment. The presence of only one seta and three spines on the male P5 is also characteristic. The presence of Halicyclops glaber Rocha, 1983 is reported for the first time for Argentina in sediments of the same locality.
A new Friesea of the mirabilis-group from Algeria (Collembola: Neanuridae: Frieseinae)
Authors: KROUA SALAH HAMRA , JORDANA RAFAEL , DEHARVENG LOUIS
Published: July 2019

As noted in a previous paper (Deharveng & Hamra-Kroua 2004), Friesea are well diversified in Eastern Algeria. This fauna includes species from two different taxonomic groups.First, a complex of forms closely related to Friesea afurcata Denis, 1926 includes Friesea ladeiroi Gama, 1959 and Friesea laouina Deharveng & Hamra-Kroua, 2004 in the studied region. They exhibit various degrees of intra-population eye reduction (from 8+8 to absence of eyes) of unknown taxonomic meaning that are currently under scrutiny (Jordana & Deharveng, unpublished observations).Second, the mirabilis group sensu Deharveng & Bedos (1991), distributed worldwide, includes a large number of described and undescribed forms of disputable status, due to the high level of polymorphism which affects most of the taxonomic characters: chaetal arrangement, tenent hair capitation, chaeta morphology, mucro (when reduced), eye number (when reduced). We described here a new species of this group from Algeria. Abbreviations. Abd––abdominal segment, Ant––antennal segment, Th––thoracic segment, Tita––tibiotarsus. Material deposit. LBEA––Laboratoire de Biosystématique et Ecologie des Arthropodes, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Mentouri, Constantine (Algérie); MNHN––Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle de Paris (France); MZNA––Museo de Zoología, University of Navarra, Pamplona (Spain).
Taxonomy and geographic distribution of the species of Centris of the hyptidis group (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Centridini), with description of a new species from central Brazil
Authors: VIVALLO FELIPE , MELO GABRIEL A. R.
Published: July 2019

The species of Centris of the hyptidis group are revised. The group, composed by C. hyptidis Ducke, C. hyptidoides Roig-Alsina, and C. thelyopsis n. sp., exhibits unique morphological characters within the genus, like foreand midtrochanters with a laminar expansion at the base, and elaiospathes strongly modified. An updated catalog, and floral and distributional records are provided for each species, as well as an identification key and a distribution map. The male of C. hyptidoides is described for the first time and a modern diagnosis for C. hyptidis is presented. A new species, C. thelyopsis n. sp., is described from Goiás State, in central Brazil. It can be easily distinguished from the two previously known species by its predominant orange pilosity, including that of the hind legs and metasoma.
First record of the genus Sympherobius (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae) from Baltic amber
Authors: MAKARKIN VLADIMIR N. , WEDMANN SONJA
Published: July 2019

Sympherobius completus sp. n. from the Eocene Baltic amber is described. Its venation is probably the most generalized in the genus. The systematic position of the species, as well as hemerobiid wing venational terminology are discussed.
The anatomy and phylogenetic position of the Triassic dinosaur Staurikosaurus pricei Colbert, 1970
Authors: DE SOUZA BITTENCOURT JONATHAS , KELLNER ALEXANDER WILHELM ARMIN
Published: July 2019

We redescribe the holotype of the saurischian dinosaur Staurikosaurus pricei Colbert, 1970 from Late Triassic Santa Maria Formation (southern Brazil), following additional preparation that revealed new anatomical features. A revised diagnosis is proposed and the published synapomorphies for Dinosauria and less inclusive clades (e.g. Saurischia) are evaluated for this species. Some characters previously identified as present in the holotype, including the intramandibular joint, hyposphene-hypantrum articulations in dorsal vertebrae, and a cranial trochanter and trochanteric shelf on the femur, cannot be confirmed due to poor preservation or are absent in the available material. In addition, postcranial characters support a close relationship between S. pricei and Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis Reig, 1963 (Late Triassic, Argentina), forming the clade Herrerasauridae. Several pelvic and vertebral characters support the placement of S. pricei as a saurischian dinosaur. Within Saurischia, characters observed in the holotype, including the anatomy of the dentition and caudal vertebrae, support theropod affinities. However, the absence of some characters observed in the clades Theropoda and Sauropodomorpha suggests that S. pricei is not a member of Eusaurischia. Most morphological characters discussed in previous phylogenetic studies cannot be assessed for S. pricei because of the incompleteness of the holotype and only known specimen. The phylogenetic position of S. pricei is constrained by that of its sister taxon H. ischigualastensis, which is known from much more complete material.
A re-appraisal of the systematics of the African genus Chamaeleo (Reptilia: Chamaeleonidae)
Authors: TILBURY COLIN R. , TOLLEY KRYSTAL A.
Published: July 2019

The genus Chamaeleo, currently subdivided into two sub-genera, Chamaeleo (Chamaeleo) and Chamaeleo (Trioceros) (Klaver & Böhme 1986), is reviewed from both a morphological and genetic basis and it is concluded that the two subgenera are sufficiently distinct as to warrant their formal elevation to seperate and distinct genera. Evaluation of the soft anatomy and several other characters provide sufficient basis for making this distinction. The proposed change is supported by the demonstration of monophyletic groupings (based on two mitochondrial and one nuclear gene) consistent with distinct genera.
Spirinia lara sp. n. and Spirinia sophia sp. n. (Nematoda, Desmodoridae) from the Brazilian continental margin (Campos Basin, Rio de Janeiro)
Authors: DA SILVA MARIA CRISTINA , DE CASTRO FRANCISCO JOSÉ VICTOR , DA FONSECA CAVALCANTI MARIANA , DA FONSÊCA-GENEVOIS VERÔNICA
Published: July 2019

In deep-sea sediments from Campos Basin two new species of Spirinia were found. Spirinia lara sp. n. is mainly characterized by the presence of paired somatic papillae linked to gland cells and distributed all over the body while Spirinia sophia sp. n. possesses an irregular distribution of these glandular somatic papillae.
A revision of Leydigia Kurz, 1875 (Anomopoda, Cladocera, Branchiopoda), and subgeneric differentiation within the genus
Authors: KOTOV ALEXEY A.
Published: July 2019

A revision of the genus Leydigia Kurz, 1875 (Anomopoda, Cladocera, Branchiopoda) is presented. The list of all species-group nominal taxa consists of 34 published and 3 unpublished names. Of these, 12 species are accepted as valid: (1) Leydigia (Leydigia) leydigi (Schödler, 1863); (2) L. (L.) louisi Jenkin, 1934 with two subspecies L. louisi louisi Jenkin, 1934 and L. louisi mexicana Kotov, Elías-Gutiérrez et Nieto, 2003; (3) Leydigia (Neoleydigia) propinqua Sars, 1903; (4) L. (N.) australis Sars, 1885; (5) L. (N.) microps Sars, 1916; (6) L. (N.) sp. nov. from 'L. acanthocercoides' in Alonso, 1996; (7) L. (N.). macrodonta Sars, 1916; (8) L. (N.) acanthocercoides (Fischer, 1854); (9) L. (N.). laevis Gurney, 1927; (10) L. (N.) cf. ipojucae Brehm, 1939; (11) L. (N.) ciliata Gauthier, 1939; (12) L. (N.) cf. striata Birabén, 1939. Lectotypes are selected for 3, 5, 7, and 9. Exact identification of 10 and 12 is not possible without examination of material from type localities and neotype selection. As confirmed by examination of authors' type material, some taxa (Leydigia africana Gurney, 1904 and Leydigia ankammaraoi Prasad, Santa Kumari et Bose, 1985) prove to be junior synonyms of previously described species; species 8-12 form a compact acanthocercoides-group, with fine differences among members. A cladistic analysis for 13 studied taxa and 18 morphological characters resulted in four most-parsimonious trees (TL = 32; CI = 0.78), which differ only in the grouping of members of the L. acanthocercoides-group. A slightly polytomic strict consensus tree (the 50% majority rule bootstrap simulation led to a tree of similar topology to the contree), as well as some 'orthodox' ideas on the evolution of the genus (not contradicting each other), are used to subdivide the genus into two subgenera, Leydigia (Leydigia) Kurz, 1875 and Leydigia (Neoleydigia) subgen. nov. L. (N.) acanthocercoides is the type species of the latter. A key for the identification of well-known species of Leydigia is provided. The level of description of representatives of the genus Leydigia in different continents is estimated, and perspectives for further investigations are outlined.
A new parasitoid of the Erythrina Gall Wasp, Quadrastichus erythrinae Kim (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)
Authors: LA SALLE JOHN , Ramadan Mohsen , KUMASHIRO BERNARR R.
Published: July 2019

Aprostocetus exertus La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae) is described as a parasitoid of the invasive Erythrina Gall Wasp, Quadrastichus erythrinae Kim (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae). The description is based on material originally collected in Tanzania and South Africa. This species is described because of its potential as a biological control agent against the Erythrina Gall Wasp.
The tetrastichine wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eulophidae) associated with galls on Erythrina species (Fabaceae) in South Africa, with the description of five new species
Authors: PRINSLOO GERHARD L. , KELLY JANINE A.
Published: July 2019

Five new tetrastichine eulophid species are described from both sexes from South Africa: Quadrastichus ingens, Q. gallicola and Q. bardus induce leaf, petiole and shoot galls on indigenous Erythrina species (Fabaceae); Aprostocetus nitens and A. tritus are parasitoids of the Quadrastichus species; Q. bardus and A. nitens are also recorded from Tanzania and comments are provided on A. exertus La Salle, known from Tanzania and South Africa as a parasitoid of Q. erythrinae Kim and Q. ingens. A key is provided for the separation of the six eulophid species now known from South Africa.
Buobellenden jingyuanensis gen. et sp. nov. of the subfamily Pselaphinae (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) from Northwestern China
Authors: YIN ZI-WEI , NOMURA SHÛHEI , ZHAO MEI-JUN
Published: July 2019

Buobellenden jingyuanensis gen. et sp. nov. (type locality Liupanshan National Nature Reserve, Ningxia Autonomous Region, China) is described and illustrated. Its systematic position is discussed. The new genus is characterized by the maxillary palpi with 4th segment broadened throughout length and the apex of each paramere with two long setae. The pselaphine tribe Pselaphini Latreille, 1802 is clearly separated from allied tribes by the single claw of the tarsus and large terminal segment of the maxillary palpus. Up to the present, 12 genera of Pselaphini were recorded from the Palaearctic region: Pselaphus Herbst, 1792; Curculionellus Westwood, 1870; Tyraphus Sharp, 1874; Dicentrius Reitter, 1882; Mentraphus Sharp, 1883; Pselaphostomus Reitter, 1909; Pselaphaulax Reitter, 1909; Pselaphogenius Reitter, 1910; Afropselaphus Jeannel, 1950; Geopselaphus Jeannel, 1956; Pselaphotrichus Besuchet, 1986; and Hirashimanymus Nomura, 1990. During June 2008, we visited the Liupanshan National Nature Reserve, Ningxia Autonomous Region of China and collected pselaphines from sifted samples using berlese funnels. This resulted in the discovery of specimens representing a new genus of Pselaphini, which is described and illustrated herein. Specimens were killed with ethyl acetate and dried. Dissections were made in 75% ethanol. Genitalia and small parts were mounted in Euparal (Chroma Geselschaft Schmidt, Koengen, Germany) on plastic slides. Drawings were made using an Olympus SZ40 stereoscope and an Olympus CX21 microscope. The photo was taken using an Olympus C-5050 camera mounted on an Olympus SZX12 stereoscope.
First Reviser actions in ornithology: an editorial note
Authors: DUBOIS ALAIN
Published: July 2019

In the introduction of their most useful work on First-Reviser (FR) actions in ornithology, David et al. (2009) wrote: “It has been suggested that we should have drawn upon nomenclators. We have not done this. We did examine Neave (1939–1940) and noted that he made clear that in such cases his ‘signals’ were used to identify the first spelling, thus although he gives other spellings we do not consider he was deliberately selecting a spelling in the sense the Code expects.” This decision is a disputable one. According to the Code, any published choice for a scientific name or nomen (Dubois 2000) of a correct original spelling or eunym (Dubois 2000) among multiple original spellings qualifies as an FR action, whatever the “kind” of publication involved. Two kinds of sources were deliberately not examined by David et al. (2009) for their review, and should be so by subsequent authors: (1) the Zoological Record (ZR), published yearly since 1864, and which, especially in its early years, provided comments, nomenclatural acts, synonymisations and even new nomina and new morphonyms for existing nomina (Dubois 2000; e.g., justified and unjustified emendations or incorrect subsequent spellings); (2) the various Nomenclatores Zoologici published in the 19th and 20th century, such as Agassiz (1846 and previous editions), Apstein (1915), Sherborn (1932) and Neave (1939a-b, 1940a-b). All these works fully qualify as scientific publications, and they should be quoted whenever relevant. At least some of these sources include clear or questionable FR actions between multiple original spellings.
Glyptothorax ketambe, a new catfish (Teleostei: Sisoridae) from northern Sumatra
Authors: NG HEOK HEE , HADIATY RENNY K.
Published: July 2019

Glyptothorax ketambe, a new species of sisorid catfish is described from the Alas River drainage in Nangroe Aceh Darussalam Province, northern Sumatra. Glyptothorax ketambe can be distinguished from all other Sundaic congeners except G. schmidti and G. siamensis in having a color pattern consisting of a dark brown body with yellowish midlateral and mid-dorsal stripes. It differs from G. schmidti and G. siamensis in having a combination of: caudal-peduncle depth 7.6–8.9% SL, head width 16.1–17.9% SL, thoracic adhesive apparatus not reaching to the level of the base of the last pectoral-fin ray, and thoracic adhesive apparatus with an almost straight lateral margin. The identity of G. schmidti is also clarified in this study.
The Dolichopus latipennis species group (=Hygroceleuthus Loew) in the Palearctic Region (Diptera: Dolichopodidae)
Authors: NEGROBOV OLEG P. , GRICHANOV IGOR YA , BARKALOV ANATOLII V.
Published: July 2019

The Dolichopus latipennis species group in the Palearctic Region is reviewed. It comprises twelve species including two new Siberian species: Dolichopus tumicosta sp. nov. and D. lantsovi sp. nov. A revised key to species is provided, as well as remarks on the geographical distribution of the group.
Two new species of Xanthempis Bezzi (Diptera, Empididae, Empidinae) endemic to the Pyrenees
Authors: DAUGERON CHRISTOPHE
Published: July 2019

Two new species endemic to the Pyrenees and belonging to the subgenus Xanthempis of the genus Empis are described: E. (X.) fagina sp. nov. and E. (X.) virgulata sp. nov. A key is given for the six presently known Pyrenean species, four of which are endemic to this area.
A new species of Dibamus (Squamata: Dibamidae) from Pulau Simeuleu, Mentawai Archipelago, Indonesia
Authors: DAS INDRANEIL , LIM KELVIN K. P.
Published: July 2019

A new species of Dibamus from Pulau Simeuleu, off the south-west coast of Sumatra, Indonesia, is described based on material collected by Edward Jacobson and previously assigned to D. novaeguineae by de Rooij (1922). Dibamus tebal sp. nov. differs from all congeners in showing the following combination of characters: SVL 133.5 mm, body relatively robust, body width 4.9% SVL, postoculars two, midbody scale rows 24, scales around neck 24, scales around vent 15, ventrals 186, subcaudals 42, frontonasal entire, rostral suture incomplete, labial and nasal sutures complete, two pairs of preanal pores, nuchal collar or body band absent, presacral vertebrae 119, postsacral vertebrae 26, and a relatively long tail (18.6% SVL).
A new species of Polyzoa (Ascidiacea: Styelidae) from the Atlantic coast of N America, U.S.A.
Authors: SANAMYAN KAREN , GLEASON DANIEL F. , SANAMYAN NADEZHDA
Published: July 2019

A new species of colonial Styelid ascidian of the genus Polyzoa was found attached to the test of solitary ascidians collected by divers off the coast of Georgia, U.S.A. The colony of this new species, consisting of small sandy zooids, is cryptic and difficult to detect. The species is characterized by three longitudinal branchial vessels on each side of the body and is the second species of the genus reported for the Atlantic.
On two genera of spiny Pudicinae (Nematoda: Trichostrongylina) parasites of the spiny rat Proechimys simonsi (Mammalia: Echimyidae) from Peru
Authors: GUERRERO RICARDO
Published: July 2019

A new species of trichostrongyloid nematode, Acanthostrongylus secundus is described. It differs from the other species of the genus in the structure of the caudal bursa. Squamasnema amazonica is redescribed correcting the synlophe structure and moving the genus from Heligmonellinae to Pudicinae. Both species were collected in Proechimys simonsi from Peru. [Zoobank URL: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EEDBD925-8539-4F5D-A276-4F735464BA6F]
The tadpole of Physalaemus orophilus from the Atlantic rainforest of southeastern Brazil (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae)
Authors: PEZZUTI TIAGO LEITE , LEITE FELIPE SÁ FORTE , SILVA DOUGLAS HENRIQUE , LOURENÇO ANA CAROLINA CALIJORNE , BAETA DÉLIO
Published: July 2019

The neotropical genus Physalaemus Fitzinger is currently composed by 48 species (Cardozo & Pereyra 2018). Recently, a phylogenetic analysis aiming to investigate the internal relationships of the genus recovered two major clades, the Physalaemus cuvieri and P. signifer clades (Lourenço et al. 2015). The following species groups were retrieved in the first clade: P. biligonigerus, P. cuvieri, P. gracilis, P. henselii, and P. olfersii groups (Lourenço et al. 2015). This proposal redefined the P. olfersii group including P. olfersii (Lichtenstein & Martens), P. soaresi Izecksohn, P. maximus Feio, Pombal, & Caramaschi, P. feioi Cassini, Cruz, & Caramaschi and P. lateristriga (Steindachner). The authors also allocated tentatively P. orophilus Cassini, Cruz, & Caramaschi, and P. insperatus Cruz, Cassini, & Caramaschi in the P. olfersii group due to their morphological similarity with the other species (Cruz et al. 2008; Cassini et al. 2010). Otherwise, Physalaemus aguirrei Bokermann was not recovered nested within this group, contradicting what was suggested in a previous phenetic analysis (Nascimento et al. 2005). Members of the P. olfersii group inhabit the Atlantic rainforest and most of them have a similar advertisement calls with pulsed notes, without frequency modulation and harmonic structure (Giaretta et al. 2009; Cassini et al. 2010; Lourenço et al. 2015). Regarding their larval stage, only P. soaresi, P. maximus, and P. olfersii have their tadpoles described (Weber et al. 2005; Baêta et al. 2007; Giaretta et al. 2009). Physalaemus orophilus occurs in montane Atlantic Forest sites at the eastern slope of the Espinhaço Range in the State of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil (Cassini et al. 2010). Herein, we describe the tadpole of P. orophilus from Quadrilátero Ferrífero mountain region, southern limit of the Espinhaço Range and compared it to the known tadpoles of the P. olfersii group.
On the taxonomic status of Teyuwasu barberenai Kischlat, 1999 (Archosauria: Dinosauriformes), a challenging taxon from the Upper Triassic of southern Brazil
Authors: GARCIA MAURÍCIO S. , MÜLLER RODRIGO T. , DIAS-DA-SILVA SÉRGIO
Published: July 2019

The controversial dinosauriform Teyuwasu barberenai Kischlat, 1999 (Fig. 1B) is based on a right femur (BSPG AS XXV 53) and tibia (BSPG AS XXV 54), formerly referred to the pseudosuchian ‘Hoplitosuchus raui’ (= Hoplitosaurus raui) Huene, 1938 (see also Huene, 1942). This material comes from a classic Late Triassic (Carnian) locality in southern Brazil (Fig. 1A), the Cerro da Alemoa outcrop on the Alemoa complex, that has yielded several noteworthy tetrapod specimens (see Garcia et al., 2019, for a complete list of references). When reviewing these abovementioned materials, Kischlat (1999) considered it to belong to a “robust saurischian dinosaur”, but later this taxon was considered to be a nomen dubium (Langer et al., 2010; Ezcurra, 2012). Foremost, the initial description of this taxon is problematic, because Kischlat (1999) presented it in a symposium abstract which does not constitute a published work [which is not allowed under the Art. 9.10 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN)]. Moreover, the author did not list traits that clearly differentiated Teyuwasu from other coeval dinosauriforms (cf. Art. 13 of the ICZN, see further below). In particular, it was not adequately distinguished from Staurikosaurus pricei Colbert, 1970 (Fig. 1B), which also comes from the same Alemoa complex, but from another nearby outcrop (Sanga Grande/Sanga de Baixo) considered equivalent in stratigraphic level and horizon with the lower levels of the Cerro da Alemoa site (Huene, 1942; Colbert, 1970; see also Garcia et al., 2019) (Fig. 1A). However, Huene (1942) did not clearly specify that the materials (femur and tibia) later assembled by Kischlat (1999) into the holotype of Teyuwasu were found in close association, although Huene (1942) cited that they come from the same stratigraphical level and horizon, and to our interpretation, their morphology and preservational features are compatible. Still, assigning these bones as part of a single individual is tentative.
Using integrative taxonomy to establish the status of Alpheus peasei (Armstrong, 1940) (Decapoda: Alpheidae) as a single species throughout its distribution
Authors: SANTOS PATRICIA S. , TEROSSI MARIANA , MANTELATTO FERNANDO L. , ALMEIDA ALEXANDRE O.
Published: July 2019

The distribution of the western Atlantic snapping shrimp Alpheus peasei (Armstrong, 1940) has a large gap (approx. 12° of latitude) between Tobago and the northeast of Brazil (State of Ceará). Here we analyzed specimens of A. peasei from its entire distribution range and type-locality (Bermuda), to test the hypothesis that they belong to a single species. The morphological analysis included the usual taxonomic characters as well as additional ones (such as mouthparts). The molecular analysis was based on the mitochondrial genes Cytochrome Oxidase I and 16S rRNA. The results of both analyses were congruent and indicated that A. peasei is a single species throughout its known distribution. As such, they indicated a connectivity between Northwestern and Southwestern Atlantic populations of A. peasei. The gap in distribution may be explained by scarce samplings in the North Brazil Shelf province and/or by passive larval dispersal. Our results also extend the known distribution of A. peasei in the northwestern Atlantic (Barbados, Belize and Costa Rica), and add a new record from the Brazilian coast (Pernambuco).
Imaging Analysis Enables Differentiation of the Distribution of Pharmaceutical Ingredients in Tacrolimus Ointments
Authors: Fujii Mika Yoshimura , Yamamoto Yoshihisa , Koide Tatsuo , Hamaguchi Masashi , Onuki Yoshinori , Suzuki Naoto , Suzuki Toyofumi , Fukami Toshiro
Published: July 2019

We demonstrated the difference in the distribution state of pharmaceutical ingredients between tacrolimus (TCR) original ointment and six kinds of generic medicines. Two-dimensional imaging and depth analysis using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectroscopy and confocal Raman microscopy were used, in addition to the evaluation of pharmaceutical properties, including spreading properties, rheological properties, and amount of solvent. The solvents, such as propylene carbonate and triacetin, in TCR ointments formed liquid droplets and dispersed in hydrocarbon oils. Waxes, white beeswax and beeswax, formed other domains. Confocal Raman microscopy could detect liquid droplet size without coalescence of that on germanium or glass surfaces. The combination of ATR FT-IR and confocal Raman imaging would be a powerful tool to reveal the size and shape of liquid droplets of pharmaceutical ingredients in semisolid formulations.
To Reform or to Retain? Politicians’ Incentives to Clean Up Corrupt Courts in Hybrid Regimes
Authors: Bolkvadze Ketevan
Published: July 2019

This article offers a novel take on the problem of judicial independence in nondemocracies. Some scholars hold that political fragmentation leads to more judicial independence; others argue that it leads to less independence in nondemocracies. These studies have focused on judicial politicization and neglected judicial corruption. Using a process-tracing controlled comparison of reforms in Georgia and Moldova, I investigate the impact of political fragmentation on judicial corruption. I argue that politicians in less fragmented regimes, as in Georgia, have stronger incentives to reform corrupt courts, and utilize anticorruption measures for establishing long-term political control. In more fragmented regimes, as in Moldova, politicians have stronger incentives to resist anticorruption measures and instead utilize corrupt courts for short-term private gains. These findings suggest that political fragmentation in hybrid regimes can propel politicians to delegate neither more, nor less power to courts, but instead to use distinct avenues, or “entry-points,” to influence judicial outcomes.
Cultural Memory and Ethnic Identity Construction in Toni Morrison’s A Mercy
Authors: Quan Zhou
Published: July 2019

Through the lens of cultural memory, this article explores the relationships between the representation of cultural memory and the construction of ethnic cultural identity in Toni Morrison’s A Mercy. I argue that in the novel, Morrison highlights and manipulates three media of cultural memory: the architecture, the inscription, and the body, to interrogate and challenge the validity of numerous historical monuments and museums in America that are eviscerated of their complicity and function as tools in the atrocity of instituting slavery. To externalize his values, White colonizer Jacob builds a superfluous mansion, which, with the slave trade involved, actually serves as a profane monument to the slavery culture. To highlight the invalidity of the White cultural memory, Morrison crafts Florens who inscribes in the mansion the collective traumatic memory of the African female slaves, deforming the secular memorial from within. In the same fashion, culturally traumatized, Native American Lina adulterates the White culture by insinuating into it the Indigenous Indian cultural fragments and by performing the remolded Indigenous Indian culture, she sediments it into her body. By historicizing the issue of cultural memory in A Mercy, Morrison invites the reader to reconsider what makes a true American cultural memory.