bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Method development, validation and comparative study of generic Vs. branded generic formulations of amoxicillin trihydrate in capsule dosage form
Authors: Gandhi Santosh V. , Mahajan Mohitosh R.
Published: September 2024

The present work relates to development and validation of simple, precise and sensitive UV spectrometric and high-performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method for the analysis of Amoxicillin Trihydrate in Capsule dosage form. Method were developed and applied for comparative study of generic vs branded generic formulations of Amoxicillin Trihydrate.  Amoxicillin Trihydrate in methanol shows maximum absorbance at 229 nm and the data of linear regression analysis indicated a good linear relationship over the concentration range of 5-30 µg/ml with a correlation coefficient (R2) 0.998 by UV- Spectroscopy and the concentration range of 2000-12000 ng/band with a correlation coefficient (R2) 0.997 by HPTLC. The main objective was to compare and evaluate the price and quality of branded generic and generic formulations of Amoxicillin Trihydrate 250 mg Capsule. The evaluation parameters like content of active ingredients, content uniformity test, mass variation, disintegration test, and in vitro release studies were performed as described in Indian Pharmacopeia 2010.
Keywords: Branded Generic, Generic, Quantitative and Qualitative Determination, Ultraviolet Spectroscopy, HPTLC, Comparative Studies.
A Recent Approach for Development and Standardization of Madhushoonya Churna: Ayurvedic Polyherbal Formulation
Authors: Patil Sonali , Shah Shruti
Published: September 2024

The quality of herbal medicine depends on the profile of the constituents in the final product and has significant implications in its efficacy and safety. Due to the complex nature and inherent variability of the phytoconstituent in the plant based drugs, it is difficult to establish quality control parameters for Ayurvedic formulations..These Traditional herbal formulations must follow regulatory guidance to create scientific evidence base with robust chemistry, manufacturing and controls. Traditionally Madhu Shoonya Churna helps keep diabetes in check. The research aims to standardize the preparation and to set the quality control parameters for manufacturing of this Churna. The powder characteristics, test for phytochemical constituents and organoleptic characteristics were performed on formulation. Instrumental analysis was done by using HPLC & HPTLC. The results obtained were useful for standardization of ASU drugs.
Keywords: Herbal medicine, Madhu Shoonya Churna, HPLC & HPTLC
Possible involvement of Opioid like Receptor1 (ORL1) Receptor in Ischemic Preconditioning Induced Protection in Rat Brain
Authors: Singh Anjali , Kumar Neeraj , Semwal Bhupesh C. , Yadav Harlokesh N.
Published: September 2024

Opioid receptor like 1 receptor (ORL1) is a family of G-protein coupled receptor, reported to produce cardio-protection against ischemia- reperfusion induced injury in rat heart. The present study has been designed to investigate the role of ORL1 receptor in ischemic preconditioning (IPC) induced protection in rat brain. IPC was induced by giving 3 episodes of ischemia and reperfusion. Global ischemia for 17 min was given by occlusion of carotid artery followed by 24hr of reperfusion. Memory was assessed by measuring escape latency time (ELT) for consecutively 4 days and time spent in target quadrant (TSTQ) was measured on 5th day by using morrish water maze. IPC significantly decrease in infarct size and improvement in memory as compared to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in control group. Pretreatment with JTC-801(1mg/kg, i.p.), a selective ORL1 receptor antagonist or Glibenclamide (1mg/kg, i.p.), the KATP channel blocker significantly reduce the amplitude of IPC induced cerebroprotection measured in terms of infarct size and positively affects the memory measured in terms of time spent in target quadrant (TSTQ) at 5th day as compare to IPC group. The cerebroprotective effect of IPC was significantly attenuated in JTC-801 and Glibenclamide in combination as compare to Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) group and treated group (Glibenclamide). These results may indicate that cerebroprotective effect of IPC of brain and improvement of memory mediated through ORL1 receptor and activation of KATP channels.
Keywords: Opioid receptor like1 receptor, ischemic preconditioning, JTC-801, latency time
Preparation, Characterization and Evaluation of Silver Nanoparticles of Thunbergia Grandiflora and Its Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Pal Priyanka , Gupta Naveen , Jain Shailesh
Published: September 2024

Nanoparticles are gaining interest in biomedical applications due to its importance such as anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and anti-cancer agents. A conventional method for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles involves toxic reagents which produce harmful by-products and are hazardous to the environment. To overcome these limitations, green synthesis of nanoparticles was established. Eco-friendly methods using plant extracts are gaining popularity due to the abundance of raw materials and the production of non-toxic by-products threatening to the environment. Moreover, the nanoparticles synthesized from the plant extract are cost-effective. In addition, nanoparticles produced by green synthesis methods produce synergetic effect where both the nanoparticles as well as the natural bioactive constituents of the plant influence the biocidal properties. The present investigation evaluates phytochemical screening, antimicrobial, antioxidant activities and green synthesis, characterization of silver nanoparticles and its antimicrobial activity. Three dissimilar solvents viz., petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol were used to prepare crude extracts of T. grandiflora leaves.  Antioxidant activity was examined by means of DPPH and reducing power assay method. AgNPs were synthesized by using 1mM AgNO3 solution mixed with leaf aqueous extract of T. grandiflora. The characterization of the prepared AgNPs was done by UV-Vis spectrometry and FTIR spectroscopy. Antimicrobial activity was studied by agar well diffusion method. The phytochemical screening results unveiled the bearing of different phytochemicals viz., flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, carbohydrates, terpenoids, steroids, tannins and free anthraquinones particularly with relatively high abundance in methanol extract. The total phenolics content of leaves of methanolic extract was (0.058mg/gm), followed by flavonoids (1.080mg/gm).  Likewise methanol extract too exhibited effective free radical scavenging and antimicrobial activities were concentration dependent. The characterization results of the prepared AgNPs displayed that the silver nanoparticles are formed and stabilized by plant phyto-constituents and also exhibited virtuous antimicrobial property. Green synthesis process is a pivotal area in nanotechnology and usage of natural resources is the best choice for the making of NPs as a sustainable, eco-friendly, inexpensive and free of chemical contaminant method.
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and its Genetic Diversity in clinical Isolates from Uttarakhand Population
Authors: Kuriyal Monika , Bhandari Anjali , Suman Aaryansh Kumar , Shootha Dheeraj , Gairola Yati , Sharma Narotam , Nautiyal Satish Chandra
Published: September 2024

Hepatitis C is major cause of chronic liver disease. It has been recognised as a global health problem because of the progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer. Quantization and genotyping of HCV RNAs are important to determine the optimal duration of anti-viral therapy and predict likelihood of response. Total 77 samples were tested biochemically, serologically and molecular assay (Roche COBAS TaqMan 48 Real Time PCR). Out of 77 cases 33(42.85%) were with high viral load (>103IU/ ml of HCV RNA) and low viral load (below 103IU/ml) 2 (2.59%) and 42 (54.54%) were target not detected (below 25 IU/ml). Genotype 3 was prevailed with 68.42% out of 35 cases followed by HCV genotype 15.78% in 1, 5.26% in 2 and 6, 2.63% in 1b and 4. In addition, our studies showed that genotype 1, 2, 4 and 6 (mixed genotype was detected in 1 cases with viral load 6.62 × 108IU/ml). Total protein content in serum in all the cases was average except 04 cases that was having low protein content. 02 cases were having low uric acid content that was having high viral load. From all high positive (high viral load) cases which were further diagnosed for their genotyping in which genotype 3 was prevalent following by genotype1, 1b, 2, 4 and  6. Study signifies the gene based diagnosis and its clinical relevance for the proper management of the patients.
Keywords: Hepatitis, Chronic, Real Time PCR, Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Serology
Formulation and Evaluation of Sustained release tablets of Venlafaxine HCl
Authors: Fazli Abdul Aala , Wani Taha Umair , Raza Syed Naiem , Mir Khalid Bashir , Khan Nisar Ahmad
Published: September 2024

The aim of the present study was to develop a tablet formulation for sustained release of venlafaxine HCl. Control or sustained release formulations have great applications in improving the physicochemical properties and the pharmacokinetic profile of the drugs. Carbopol tablets containing venlafaxine HCl were developed successfully by wet granulation technique. The tablets were evaluated for matrix integrity and drug release in 0.1 N HCl using USP II dissolution apparatus maintained at optimum conditions. The developed tablets were robust and possessed excellent physicochemical properties. The tablets showed great matrix integrity and withstood the hydrodynamic environment of the dissolution medium for > 12 hours. The hydration and swelling behaviour of the tablets was excellent. It was found that the swelling characteristics of the tablets depended on the amount of the polymer used in the tablets as well as the polymer/drug ratio. The tablets provided more than 90% drug release over a period of 12 hours. The drug release data was subjected to kinetic dissolution modelling. It was found that the drug release from the tablets followed Korsmeyer-Peppas model of drug release. This suggests that the mechanism of the drug release from the formulations may be both diffusion as well as polymer erosion.
Keywords: Sustained release, Carbopol, Venlafaxine HCl
Facile and Green Synthesis of Iron and Silver supported Iron Nanoparticles from Novel Plant Extract of Aegle marmelos: Anti-bacterial and Anti-fungal Activity.
Authors: Munjal Shikha , Singh Aakash
Published: September 2024

Nanoscience and nanoparticles are getting attention in wide aspects of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, biotechnology medicine and even industries. The green synthesis of different single and doped metal nanoparticles has been known for last few years and having their beneficial, medicinal and pharmaceutical result. In the light of all this, we are approaching for an ecofriendly, less perilous and plant mediated green synthesis of Iron oxide nanoparticle as compared with other conventional and unsafe methods. We report for the synthesis of iron oxide NPs by aqueous extract of leaf of variety of medicinally important plant belonging from family Rutaceae and Aegle marmelos species. During the course of study different result was observed for different part of different plants, an intense surface resonance Plasmon band in the UV-visible spectrum as the basic characterization. The further study of formation of iron oxide NPs were confirmed by FTIR, SEM,EDX, TGA and XRD.
Keywords: Green Synthesis, Rutaceae, A. marmelos extract, Ag-iron oxide nano particles.
In-vitro Antioxidant activity assay of Habenaria longicorniculata J. Graham wild medicinal tubers
Authors: Satish BN , Mallya Suma V
Published: September 2024

About: Habenaria longicorniculataJ.Graham are wild medicinal orchids with immunomodulatory and rejuvenating properties. Hence it has been tested to evaluate its antioxidant property. Materials and methods: Tubers were collected from Western-ghats during flowering season, shade dried, powder prepared and used for further study. In vitro antioxidant activity for DPPH, Nitric oxide, Hydroxyl radicals and inhibitory activity for Hydrogen peroxide was planned as per standard protocol. Results: The antioxidant activity property of H. longicorniculata J. Graham tuber extract exhibited the IC50 value for DPPH >1000, for NO and OH >5000 and inhibitory activity for H2O2 68.6189 respectively. Thus tubers of test drug proved to be potent H2O2 inhibitor.
Keywords: Habenaria longicorniculataJ.Graham, In vitro antioxidant, H2O2
Herbosome an approach to deliver Aegle marmelos extract: Formulation, characterization and stability study
Authors: Chauhan Jaydeep , Gupta Harshita , Pandey Komal , Shah Viral , Kamble Bhagyashree , Kamble Bhagyashree
Published: September 2024

Aegle marmelos fruit has tremendous potential to treat the various ailments for instance; diabetes, microbial diseases and many more. Despite, having abundant therapeutic activity poor lipid solubility and gastric instability limits the efficacy of Aegle marmelos extract (AME). With an idea to overcome these hurdles, AME was formulated as Herbosome in this study. The concept of Herbosome is gaining popularity, as it provides a sheet of lipid on the outer part of drug or extract, which helps in the bioavailability enhancement. In the present work, AME was prepared by cold extraction method and percentage yield was found to be 20% w/w. Here, Marmelosin one of the major phytoconstituent in Aegle marmelos, was used as a marker for standardization of the prepared extract. Further, preliminary phytochemical screening and thin layer chromatography (TLC) was carried out. Whereas, quantitative estimation of Marmelosin in AME by High-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) was conducted. In further steps, pre-formulation parameters (effect of several processes and formulation parameters) were studied and Herbosome loaded AME was formulated by conventional technique i.e. thin film method and soyalecithin were used as phospholipids. Several parameters including, percent entrant efficiency (%EE), particle size, polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta-potential were taken into consideration for the evaluation of AME Herbosome. Later on, followed by, In vitro release of optimized formulation was studied and the formulation was able to release up to 92% even after 12 hours. After developing successful AME Herbosome, stability study was performed as per the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines up to the period of a month. Herbosome was found to be stable at room temperature, even between 2-4ºC. Henceforth, to confirm the efficacy of optimized formulation, In vitro studies (antidiabetic) are going on in the laboratory.
Keywords: Aegle marmelos, Aegle marmelos extract, Herbosome, In vitro release, Marmelosin, Thin film method, soyalecithin, and stability study
Analysis of the essential oil of monocot grass Kyllinga triceps Rottb.
Authors: Upadhyay Amit , Jain Vinay , Jain Suman
Published: September 2024

Kyllinga triceps rottb. Is a monocot perennial herb found in various parts of india [1]. It is used traditionally by the people for treatment of diabetes, liver problems [2] and as antidote [3]. In the present study chemical constituents of the essential oil, obtained by hydrodistillation of the powdered rhizome of the plant were identified with help of GC-MS. analysis. Ferruginol, β- Caryophyllene, α-Eudesmol, were present in higher concentration, oil sample has a characteristic aromatic odour,which is due to the presence of high amount of linalool, β- Caryophyllene, and α-Eudesmol.
Keywords: kyllinga triceps, antidote, rhizome, caryophyllene, α-Eudesmol.
Ethanolic extract of Annona muricata leaf and its effect on the liver
Authors: Nweke Elizabeth O , Ndukwe Godwin U , Opara Julia K
Published: September 2024

The effect of ethanolic extract of Annona muricata leaf on the liver of albino rats were investigated in this study. Twenty (20) male albino rats weighing between 180-200 g were used in this study. The animals were divided into groups A, B, C and D. Group A was treated with 2 ml/kg body weight of distilled water, Group B was treated with 100 mg/kg body weight of the extract, Group C was treated with 200 mg/kg body weight of the extract and Group D was treated with 300 mg/kg body weight of the extract. The treatments were given orally and lasted for a period of 30 days. After the last day of treatment, the animals were sacrificed and the liver harvested, weighed and fixed in 10% formal saline for histological studies. Blood samples were collected through cardiac puncture for biochemical analysis. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA and SPSS version 2.0. Results showed a significant (P<0.05) increase in liver weight when compared to control and a significant (P<0.05) increase in serum levels of ALP, ALT and AST at highest dose. Histopathological findings showed distortions of the liver cytoarchitecture with the highest dose having a more significant effect. Consumption of ethanolic extract of A. muricata leaf at higher doses has the potential of causing liver damage. Thus, its consumption should be regulated or better still taken at lower doses.
Keywords: Annona muricata; Liver; Liver enzymes; Albino rats
Copper sulfate-resistant bacteria isolated from Blue Soil Hills, Sagada, Mountain Province, Philippines
Authors: Reyes Alvin T. , Estes Jojie G. , Reyes Alfred T , Bermudez Jay L. , Atayde Jimbo D , Aguilar John Paul T , Baltazar Luigi S., , Calapardo Michael E , Vallada Roval L
Published: September 2024

The objective of this study was to isolate copper sulfate-resistant bacteria in Blue Soil Hills, Sagada, Mountain, Province, Philippines. Three distinct bacterial colonies were isolated from the soil sample. The isolates were different from one another based upon colonial characteristics and growth patterns in solid and liquid medium. All three bacteria were gram-positive and were able to grow in medium supplemented with various concentrations of copper sulfate. More luxurious growth was observed in medium with highest supplementation (333.33 ppm). The isolated bacteria could be potential bioremediation agents in soil and water heavily contaminated with copper.       
Keywords: Copper sulfate, bioremediation, Blue Soil Hills, Sagada, Mountain Province
Development and Validation of Stability indicating RP- HPLC method for Simultaneous Estimation of Sofosbuvir and Ledipasvir in Bulk Tablet Dosage Form
Authors: Mankar S.D. , Bhawar S.B. , Dalavi P.R.
Published: September 2024

The present research work describes a simple, accurate, precise, effective, Stability indicating RP-HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of Sofosbuvir and Ledipasvir in their tablet dosage form. A reverse phase high performance chromatographic method was developed for simultaneous estimation of Sofosbuvir and Ledipasvir their combined dosage. The separation was achieved by Inertsil ODS C18 column (150X4.6mm, 5µm) column, and ACN: 0.1% TFA in the proportion of 30:70 %v/v as mobile phase, at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. Detection was carried out at 245 nm.  For RP-HPLC method results of the validation indicate that the method was linear in the range of 100-600μg/ml for Sofosbuvir and 22.5-135μg/ml for Ledipasvir.  The % recoveries for Sofosbuvir and Ledipasvir obtained in the accuracy study were 99.92-100.31% and 99.84-100.55% respectively. The LOD for Sofosbuvir and Ledipasvir were found to be 0.395μg/ml and 0.132μg/ml respectively. LOQ for Sofosbuvir and Ledipasvir were found to be 1.197μg/ml and 0.401μg/ml respectively. Force degradation study also done and method is stability indicating. Developed methods were found to be accurate, precise, rapid and stability indicating for simultaneous estimation of Sofosbuvir and Ledipasvir.
Keywords: RP-HPLC, Sofosbuvir, Ledipasvir, ACN, TFA.
Preclinical evaluation of Sesbanian grandiflora flower extract for antihyperlipidimic and antiobesity activity on experimental rats
Authors: Nikam Sandhyarani Anil , Kolhe Swati U. , Tembhurne Sachin V.
Published: September 2024

Obesity is a chronic disorder of global prevalence and associated with morbidity and mortality. So the attention is being focused on the investigation of plant based drug  used in the traditional  medicine for the treatement of  obesity .The present study is undertaken to evaluate the anti- hyperlipidimic and anti-obesity activity of Sesbania  grandiflora flower extract in High Fatty Diet induced Obesity in rats.  Female wistar rat weighing 150-200 g were divided into different groups i.e. normal control, Negative control [Hfd control], orlistat [STD control], extract of sesbania grandiflora flower contain 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg group. .Obesity was assessed by measuring biochemical parameters such as glucose, triglyceride, serum cholesterol, HDL [High Density Lipoprotein], LDL [Low Density Lipoprotein] level. The results of the present investigation demonstrated that, the extract of sesbania grandiflora flower at 200mg/kg and 400 mg/kg shows significant protective effects on biochemical parameters such as body weight, BMI, obesity index, and adiposity index respectively as compared to HFD [High Fatty Diet] control group. Similarly, serum glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol HDL, LDL was found to be attenuated as compare to HFD control group. The ethanolic extract of sesbania grandiflora flower exhibit significant anti-hyperlipidemia and anti- obesity activity in High fatty diet induced in obese rat.
Keywords: HFD [High fatty diet], sesbania grandiflora flower extract, anti- obesity, Anti –Hyperlipidimic Activity.
Formulation and Evaluation of Ezetimibe Lyophilized Dry Emulsion Tablets
Authors: Patil Dhananjay , Bachhav Rakesh , Gosavi Dipika , Pagar Rahul , Bairagi Vinod
Published: September 2024

This article presents the development of lyophilized dry emulsion tablets prepared with the dry emulsion technique to enhance the in-vitro dissolution and in-vivo performance of the poorly bioavailable drug Ezetimibe. Ezetimibe (EZT) is a lipid-lowering drug that inhibits intestinal uptake of dietary and biliary cholesterol without affecting the absorption of fat-soluble nutrients. Ezetimibe has a very low solubility and dissolution rate resulting in highly variable bioavailability, which is also in part due to extensive efflux by p-glycoprotein (P-Gp). Tablets were fabricated by freezedrying o/w emulsions of Ezetimibe. The Emulsions were prepared using a matrix former solution (alginate or gelatin, 2 or 4%) containing a sugar alcohol (mannitol), as the water phase and Labrafac® as the oil phase under proper homogenization. In the present study friability, disintegration time, and in-vitro dissolutionof lyophilized dry emulsion tablets were done. Results showed the significant influence of the matrix former and emulsifier type on the disintegration time. In-vitro dissolution studies revealed the enhanced dissolution rate of Ezetimibe from the lyophilized tablets compared to the plain drug. DSC studies proved presence of the drug in the amorphous form in the fabricated tablets. The obtained results suggest a promising, easy-to-manufacture and effective dosage form for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
Keywords: Ezetimibe, lyophilized dry emulsion tablet, and hyperlipidemia, freeze drying, Labrafac.
Concept of Aging of Skin in Unani Medicine and its Management through Hydration therapy: A Review
Authors: FAIZ ABUL , Anas Mohammed
Published: September 2024

Unani medicine is based upon the theory of four humors in the body. The temperaments of individuals are revealed accordingly by the words sanguine, phlegmatic, choleric, and melancholic on the preponderance of the respective humor. Innate fluid (Ratoobat-e-ghareeziya) plays a key role in maintaining equilibrium of innate heat (Hararat-e-ghareeziya). Change in the quality and quantity of Ratoobat-e-ghareeziya, directly affects Hararat-e-ghareeziya. Excessive reduction (tahleel) in Hararat-e-ghareeziya affects in two ways; i.e. Diminished Hararat-e-ghareeziya causes change in physiological functions of the body like in case of skin, when innate fluid of diminished, the skin becomes cold and dry in temperament which leads to wrinkles and early aging of skin. Hydration is one of the important therapies to prevent early aging of skin. Recent studies also reveal that during the aging cell division in the skin, decreases reduce collagen production and change the elastin fibers of structure. The visible changes are a decrease in sebum production and the moisture content, which is why many elderly suffer from dry skin and decreased elasticity of the skin. The result is that the skin is flaccid and puckering. Other factors are your lifestyle, diet, heredity, and other personal habits like smoking can produce free radicals.  Free radicals damage the cells, leading to premature wrinkles. This paper aims to present the concept of Aging of skin, prevention and basic principles of management.
Keywords: Aging, Humors, Temperament
Phytopharmaceuticals: An emerging platform for innovation and development of new drugs from botanicals
Authors: Bhusnure Omprakash G , Shinde Madhuri C , Vijayendra Swamy S.M , Gholve Sachin B , Giram Padmaja S , Birajdar Mahesh J
Published: September 2024

A phytomedicine, or phytopharmacutical, is a complex mixture derived from plant sources that is used as a medicine or drug. The Ministry of Health has begun the standardization of the names of all phytopharmaceutical preparations. The development of phytopharmaceutical products, which might partially substitute some of the conventional medications demanding imported raw materials, and which could be produced by pharmaceutical industries based in developing countries through joint projects. Highest demands are made on clinically proven phyto-pharmaceuticals. Their effect and safety have to be verified in randomized, double-blind, (placebo)-controlled clinical trials. They are developed and scientifically evaluated in the same way as conventional medicinal products. Globally, herbal medicine has been considered an important alternative to modern allopathic medicine. While they have become very popular, only select herbs have been scientifically evaluated for their potential in medical treatment. The new drug Veregen (Polyphenon E) Ointment is the first prescription botanical (herbal) drug approved by the U.S. FDA under the “new” drug amendments of 1962 that required drugs to be proven safe and effective prior to being marketed in the U.S. Because of the unique health benefits and relatively low side effects, natural products such as food/dietary supplements, nutraceuticals and herbal medicines have been gaining popularity all over the world  The gap between the popularity of these remedies and the frequently weak scientific basis of their use is striking. In reality, the efficacy and true frequency of side effects for most herbal medicine products is not known because the majority have not yet been tested in large clinical trials and because pharmacovigilance systems are much less extensive than those in place for pharmaceutical products. In contrast to the popularity of herbal medicinal products, physicians and consumers often have a very critical view of robust efficacy and safety profiles. Application of pharmaceutical nanotechnology for plant actives and extracts, is gaining a tremendous growth and interest among the scientist.
Keywords: Phytopharmaceuticals, Harbal, plant extract, phototherapy, Morphine, Ayurveda, metabolites, fingerprint.
Review on Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Shewale Vishal U. , Aher Smita S. , Saudagar Ravindranath B.
Published: September 2024

Neuropathic pain is defined as “Pain is observed as disease of the somatosensory nervous system.” The cause of pain is very wide-ranging and may certainly be idiopathic. Two nerve damage classifications have been described and they are outlined. These are first line and second line. Neuropathic pain is generated by electrical hyperactivity of neurons along the pain pathways. The sensory pathway consists of at least three neurons, and lesions anywhere along the pathway can lead to neuropathic pain. A successful clinical management for neuropathic pain requires balancing the advantages and side effects of available drugs, lifestyle interventions, and treating the underlying cause if possible for the management of neuropathic pain requires various lines of treatment i.e first line and second line treatment which includes various types of drugs.
Keywords: Neuropathic pain, Hyperalgesia, Neuralgia, Neuronal Hyperactivity, Neurapraxia.
A review on Phytosome loaded with novel herbal drug and their formulation, standardization and applications
Authors: Upase Amar U , Bhusnure Omprakash G , Gholve Sachin B , Giram Padmaja S , Wattamwar Pragati B
Published: September 2024

Novel Drug Delivery System is need of time, as it makes bioavailability, securityand overall therapeutics of a drug easy-going and in the bat of an eye. In the recent days, most of the regnant maladies and nutritional disorders are treated with herbal medicines because of their less after math, economical and easily accessible. The potency of any herbal medication is contingent on the delivery of the effectual level of the therapeutically active constituent. But because of high polarity and poor lipophilicity, the active contents are incompletely assimilated resulting in poor bioavailability.Herbal drugs comprises of a vast array of active contents which furnishes us with a number of applications. But due to high polarity and poor lipophilicity the active contents are poorly absorbed resulting in poor bioavailability. These problems can be overcome by formulating a suitable novel preparation of the herbal extract. Phytosomes are one of the novel drug delivery system containing hydrophilic bioactive phytoconstituents of herbs surround and bound by phospholipids.This phytophospholipid complex resembles a little cell which exhibit better pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile than the conventional herbal extract resulting in better bioavailability. This article highlights recent information, commercial preparation of phytosomes as well as the various other novel approaches for delivery of herbal constituents.
Keywords: Phytosomes, Bioavailability, Phosphatidylcholine, Phytoconstituents.
Development of Standardization parameters of selected herbs used in the treatment of diabetes
Authors: Nagar Rajesh , Patel Rakesh
Published: September 2024

The traditional system of medicine is so ingrained in our culture that, about 75% of the Indian population depends on this indigenous system for relief. With such a huge section of an ever increasing population relying on herbal remedies, it is imperative that the plant products which have been in use for such a long time be scientifically supported for their efficacy. Diabetes a metabolic disorders is most frequent occurring disease in India. The present paper deals with the investigation of standardization parameters of Eugenia jambolana (Bark), Phyllanthus niruri (Whole plant), Momordica charantia Linn. (Seeds) and Nyctanthes arbor-tristis (Leaves). In these study physicochemical parameters, extraction and preliminary photochemical screening was reported.
Keywords: Herbs, Diabetes, Standardization Parameters
Formulation and Characterization of Mouth Dissolving Tablet of Antiepileptic Drug using Natural Superdisintegrants
Authors: Gandhi Lavika , Akhtar Md. Semimul
Published: September 2024

MDTs is regarding as a good candidates for the patients with persistent nausea, who are traveling, or who have little or no access to water.  The objective of present research work was to prepare and evaluate the mouth dissolving tablet of Lacosamide using Super disintegrants like Guar Gum, and other excipients like Microcrystalline Cellulose and Mannitol in different concentrations by Direct Compression method. Lacosamide has been shown to be an effective antiepileptic agent appropriate for the epilepsy patients. Effect of different formulation variables i.e. amount of polymer and type of polymer was studied on release profile and other characteristics. The mouth dissolving tablets were prepared by single punch machine using powder blend of superdisintegrant and Lacosamide. Post-compression parameters like Hardness, weight variation, friability, In-Vitro dispersion, Drug content uniformity and In-vitro drug release studies were carried out for all the formulation. All the Formulations gave the result within the official limits. The prepared mouth dissolving tablet shows the properties of fast disintegration time (28 sec to 47 sec) within official limit.  By the in-vitro disintegration, it is concluded that formulation F2 prepared by Guar Gum (10%) showed the fast disintegration time than the MCC. Therefore, it may be concluded that mouth dissolving tablet was suitable choice for delivery system of Lacosamide.
Keywords: Lacosamide, Mouth dissolving tablets, Superdisintegrants, Guargum, microcrystalline cellulose, Direct compression method, Antiepileptic drug.
Simultaneous Estimation & Validation of Praziquantel & Pyrantel Pamoate in Bulk & Pharmaceutical Dosage Form by Using RP-HPLC
Authors: Dighe Nachiket S. , Shinde Ganesh S. , Dhamak K .V. , Shete R.G.
Published: September 2024

The first reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic method for quantitation studies  of, Praziquantel and Pyrantel Pamoate has been developed and validated to be a simple, sensitive, rapid, specific, precise, and accurate method. Chromatographic separation was achieved on C18 column (250×4.6 mm-5μm p.s). Methanol and water in a ratio [85:15 v/v] as a mobile phase at flow rate of 0.8ml/min. UV detection was operated at 217 nm and injection volum was 20 μl.. The proposed method showed good linearity, accuracy, precision and was successfully applied for determination of the drugs in laboratory prepared pharmaceutical dosage forms. The current method has been statistically validated according to the ICH guidelines and this method has been subsequently developed and applied successfully to determine the levels of Praziquantel and Pyrantel pamoate in a combined formulation and in the routine quality control analysis with good accuracy and sensitivity.
Keywords: Praziquantel, Pyrantel pamoate, Quantitation Studies,   RP-HPLC ,
Overview of Transdermal Medicated Patches with its research updates in preceding years
Authors: Kharia A. , Gilhotra R. , Singhai A. K.
Published: September 2024

Innovations in transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) is an important influence to medical practice by providing advances in the delivery of treatment with existing conventional drugs and novel drugs. Transdermal drug delivery is one of the most promising methods for drug application. It has several benefits over conventional system to offer sustained drug release, avoidance of first pass effect, patient compliance, ease of application and removal in case of toxicity as well as decrease in the side effects as compared with conventional therapy. Transdermal patches are dosage forms which transport drug to viable epidermal and dermal tissues of the skin for local therapeutic effect while a very major fraction of drug is transported into the systemic blood circulation. Skin penetration enhancement techniques have been developed to improve bioavailability and increase the range of drugs for which topical and transdermal delivery. The purpose of this review is to introduce transdermal patches including type of transdermal patches, components of transdermal patches, method of preparation of TDDS, evaluation parameters, researches and development done on TDDS in last decade etc. 
Keywords: Transdermal Drug Delivery System, Permeation Enhancers, Transdermal Patch, Polymer Matrix.
Formulation and Evaluation of Micro Balloons of Domperidone
Authors: Kawade Ashwini , Tajane Monali
Published: September 2024

The present study on the manufacturing of Microballons of Domperidone elaborates various steps taken during the development and manufacturing of microballoons keeping in constant knowledge of quality by design guidelines. The importance of target product profile and critical quality attributes which results in the finalization of product design have been demonstrated in the present work. Every steps were taken after due consideration of risk evolved by virtue of prior technical knowledge and experimentation. In the product design space the product characterization involved critical quality attributes which ultimately leads to critical process parameters that are design space. Control strategies for continuous monitoring process and product have also been recommended. Critical process parameters were also validated to achieve and monitor the quality of final product. The CPP has direct impact on critical quality attributes hence these parameters were develop with proper tolerances. The QbD principle demonstrated in present research will play an important role in the understanding and creating opportunities for investigation and control strategy in formulation
Pharmacognostical Analysis of Rooibos Leaves
Authors: Saxena Gaurav , Nutan , , Rajput Pallavi
Published: September 2024

Aspalathus linearis, (Family: Fabaceae) is commonly known as “Rooibos” used mainly due to its antioxidant properties. The study aimed to determine the pharmacognostical standards of “Rooibos” available in the local market. Evaluations were conducted in terms of macroscopic, microscopic, physicochemical and phytochemical analysis according to the WHO and other recommended procedures.Physiochemical investigation of plant for the total ash, acid insoluble ash, water soluble ash,sulphated ash values and loss on drying re 6.26%, 4.0%, 5.46%, 5.66% and 0.30%, respectively.
Keywords: Rooibos · Aspalathus linearis, Fabaceae , Rooibos, Pharmacognosy
Preformulation Studies of Rosuvastatin
Authors: Rajput Pallavi , Gauniya Anju
Published: September 2024

Reliable experimental determination of the solubility of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in solvents and the correlation for solubility analysis is crucial for the accelerated design and optimization of procedures in the drug industry for isolation, purification and formulation. In this study, the antihypercholesterolemic drug rosuvastatin was evaluated for solubility, effect of pH, compatibity with various exepients. In this research, the rosuvastatin, an antihypercholesterolemic drug was analysed for solubility, pH effect, and compatibility with different excipients. Drug dispersion  subjected to Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffractometry.
Keywords: Hypercholesterolaemia, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, DSC, XRPD
Study of the acute oral toxicity of methanol extract of aerial parts from Marsilea quadrifolia Linn
Authors: Subramanian Mohanraj , Balakrishnan Sangameswaran
Published: September 2024

Marsilea quadrifolia Linn is a pteridophyte belonging to Family Marsileaceae commonly known as European water clover. M. quadrifolia is used to treat snake bite, cough, bronchitis, diabetes, psychiatric diseases, eye diseases, diarrhoea and skin diseases. Objective of the study is to identify a dose causing major adverse effects and an estimation of the minimum dose causing lethality, according to regulatory guidelines (OECD 425). Female Swiss Albino mice weighing 20-25 gm, aged 56 to 70 days were chosen for the study. Mice were divided into two groups (n=10/group). Group I served as control and treated with Saline. The Group II received methanol extract of M. quadrifolia orally ranging from 175 to 2000 mg/kg body weight by using oral feeding needle sleeved on to disposable syringe. They were kept in individual polypropylene cages provided with clean bedding of rice husk.. There was no mortality or behavioural changes observed in treated animals. All the animals belonging to the treated group survived throughout the 14 days observation period after dosing. The data revealed that LD50 of the extract was greater than 2000 mg/kg b.w. There was no significant variation found in body weight and organ to body mass index. In comparison with control group, there was significant increase in levels of ALT, AST,Bilirubin, total proteins, globulin levels, urea, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, platelet count, MCV, MCH, WBC count and lymphocytes whereas ALP and MCHC levels were reduced significantly. No significant changes were observed in HB, total RBC, total bilirubin, albumin. The methanol extract of aerial parts from Marsilea quadrifolia Linn had nontoxic effect on the biochemical and haematological parameters studied up to a dose of 2000 mg/kg. The lethal dose is therefore over 2000 mg/kg.
Keywords: Marsilea quadrifolia, Methanol, Albino mice, Snake bite
A Comparative Assessment of Petroff’s and N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine- Sodium Hydroxide Method in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Jha Rajeev Kumar , Singh Vikram , Vijayasimha M , Chhetry Gimmi
Published: September 2024

Tuberculosis (TB) stays one of the deadliest communicable disease and responsible for almost two million deaths every year worldwide. The objective of the present study is to compare Petroff’s and N-acetyl-L cysteine- sodium hydroxide methods used for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. This present study was conducted in the department of ST John’s Medical college and Hospital, Bangalore, from October 2011 to September 2012. Total 100 sputum specimen was collected from patients under the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program (RNTCP) Guidelines. These samples were decontaminated with Petroff’s and NALC- NaOH Method and same were processed for L J culturing and incubated at 37˚C. As per result analysis, out of total 100 sputum sample, 64 % smears were positive by petroff’’s methods and 69 % smears were positive by NALC - NAOH methods. The positivity rate was increased by NALC – NAOH method. All samples were cultured on LJ medium for bacterial growth. A maximum number of cultures were positive by NALC – NAOH method (53 %) and Petroff”smethod (51 %). This study concludes that NALC-NaOH method is effective and provides valid and rapid results. This method can be used for routine diagnosis and for better sensitivity of Mycobacterium growth. There is further multicentric research is required in respect of targeting larger population for better effective outcomes.
Keywords: Tuberculosis, Petroff’s, NALC- NaOH Method, Sputum, L J Culture
Contact Lenses: A Promising Drug Delivery System
Authors: Vedaga S. B. , Gondkar S.B. , Saudagar R.B.
Published: September 2024

Presently, around 100 million people are estimated to be wearing contact lenses, and the number is growing exponentially. Though the main use of contact lenses is for improving ametropia problems, they also hold attention as therapeutic devices for the treatment of ocular pain, promotion of corneal healing, maintenance of corneal epithelial hydration, and drug delivery. Contact lenses are developing as an substitute ophthalmic drug delivery system to resolve the problems of the conventional topical application methods [1,2]. The interest in evolving contact lenses for drug delivery has expressively increased in the last decade as several new techniques have been developed for designing contact lenses for extended drug delivery. The newest studies show that contact lenses are able to achieve prolonged release of a few weeks without any significant effect on critical lens properties. The future appears promising for drug eluting contact lenses but several challenges remain to be overcome regarding processing and storage issues, lack of use in the elderly population, regulatory issues, high costs of clinical studies and cost-benefit analysis[3]. Contact lenses are attractive for ocular drug delivery systems as significantly prolong the residence time of the drug in the eye, high degree of comfort which improve patient compliance, higher efficiency and low side effects and, hence increase the ocular drug bioavailability[16].
Keywords: Lenses, polymer, methods, therapeutic, eye
Antioxidant Potential of Psoralea corylifolia and Psoralea esculenta seeds: Comparative Study
Authors: Singh Neeraj , Gautam Girendra Kumar , Ved Akash
Published: September 2024

The Psoralea corylifolia L. & Psoralea esculenta seeds are traditionally used herbal medicine, but its comparative antioxidant activity has not been studied. The methanolic crude extracts of Psoralea corylifolia & Psoralea esculenta seeds were screened for their free radical scavenging properties using ascorbic acid as standard antioxidant. Free radical scavenging activity was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical. The overall antioxidant activity of Psoralea corylifolia was found to be the strongest. The IC50 values of the extracts found 0.14 ± 0 & 0.05 ± 0 mg/l respectively. The ascorbic acid levels found19.3 ± 0.10 &11.7 ± 0.49 mg/100g andthe carotenoids content were observed 28.65 ± 0.24 &16.82 ± 1.16 mg/100g in plant extracts. The highest total phenols content were found to be in Psoralea corylifolia with the value 31.2 ± 0.24 mg/g.The present study reveals that the selected plants would exert several beneficial effects by virtue of their antioxidant activity and may be taken for drug formulation.
Keywords: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl, antioxidant, phenol, radical scavenger.
Syntheses and Pharmacological Activities of Isatin Derivatives
Authors: Yadav Mayank , Sachan Neetu , Kumar Sushil , Husain Asif
Published: September 2024

Twenty derivatives of isatin (1H-indole-2, 3-Dione) were synthesized by the schematic route as per as scheme. These were further characterized by spectroscopic analysis. All the novel synthesized derivatives of isatin were screened for their antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pneumonia; Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and fungal strains: Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium chrysogenum, Rhizopus oryzae by cup-plate method. Results of antimicrobial screening showed that compound ID5, ID9, ID15 and ID18 possess potent antibacterial activity. Whereas ID1, ID3, ID4, ID7 and ID20 possess antifungal activity comparable to standard drugs.
Keywords: Isatin; Antimicrobial; Antibacterial; Antifungal.
A Review on the Evolution of Planned Health Education on the Knowledge and Practices of the Pregnant Mothers Attending Antenatal
Authors: Kashyap Sweta , Singh Charanjeet
Published: September 2024

The maternal health status of Indian women was noted to be lower as compared to other developed countries. Promotion of maternal and child health has been one of the most important components of the Family Welfare Programme of the Government of India. For sustainable growth and development of country, there is a need to improve MCH Care in the country. Antenatal care service is an important goal concerning in the health status of the pregnant women during their reproductive period and its health beneficial accounting for nearly one quarter of all pregnant worldwide. Early booking has an advantage for proper pregnancy information sharing and pregnancy monitoring. Unfortunately, adverse pregnancy outcome can occur even in women without identifiable risk factors
Keywords: Antenatal Care, ANC, pregnancy, FANC.
A Review on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus during Pregnancy
Authors: Kumari Anushree , Singh Charanjeet
Published: September 2024

Approximately 3 to 5 percent of all pregnant women in the United States are diagnosed as having gestational diabetes. These women and their families have many questions about this disorder. Diabetes (actual name is diabetes mellitus) of any kind is a disorder that prevents the body from using food properly. Your blood always has some sugar in it because the body needs sugar for energy to keep you going. But too much sugar in the blood is not good for your health.
Keywords: Gestational diabetes mellitus, Type I diabetes, macrosomia