bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling Ionic Strength Effects on Hollow-Fiber Nanofiltration Membrane Mass Transfer
Authors: Yonge David , Biscardi Paul , Duranceau Steven
Published: July 2018

In this research, we investigated the influence of feedwater ionic strength on diffusion of divalent ions through a hollow-fiber nanofiltration membrane. The results indicated that solute flux of magnesium was increased as a result of elevating the ionic strength in the feedwater. Specifically, the feedwater ionic strength was observed to have a nonlinear impact on the diffusion of magnesium during the nanofiltration process, which was under-predicted by the homogeneous solution diffusion (HSD) model. This result suggested that elevating the feedwater ionic strength had reduced the strength of the electrostatic double layer at the membrane surface. We then developed a modification of the HSD model (referred to as the HSD-IS model) which incorporated an empirical term related to the effect of feedwater ionic strength (IS) on diffusion of magnesium. The root mean squared error of the HSD-IS model was improved by 77% as compared to the HSD model, which did not incorporate a term related to feedwater ionic strength. This improvement suggested that feedwater ionic strength should be considered when modeling hardness removal during nanofiltration.
Mn3O4 Octahedral Microparticles Prepared by Facile Dealloying Process as Efficient Sulfur Hosts for Lithium/Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zhao Yan , Tian Yuan , Zhang Xiaomin , Wang Zhifeng , Tan Taizhe , Chen Zhihong , Wang Yichao
Published: July 2018

A facile and industry-accepted dealloying method was used to synthesize Mn3O4 particles, which were then employed to prepare sulfur/Mn3O4 (S/Mn3O4) composites as cathode materials for lithium-sulfur batteries. The composites delivered initial discharge capacity reaching up 1184 mAh·g−1 at 0.1 C with capacity retention of 679 mAh·g−1 after 150 cycles. In addition, even at 2 C, the lithium/sulfur battery with S/Mn3O4 cathode delivered high reversible discharge capacity of 540 mAh g−1, demonstrating excellent rate capability.
An Efficient Powder Metallurgy Processing Route to Prepare High-Performance β-Ti–Nb Alloys Using Pure Titanium and Titanium Hydride Powders
Authors: Sharma Bhupendra , Vajpai Sanjay Kumar , Ameyama Kei
Published: July 2018

Toward designing a cost-effective advanced powder metallurgy approach, we present a new insight into the efficient utilization of titanium hydride powder, together with pure Ti powder, to prepare high-strength β-titanium alloys. In the present work, Ti–40 mass% Nb alloy was prepared by mechanical alloying of a mixture of pure Ti, titanium hydride, and Nb elemental powders, followed by a carefully designed two-step spark plasma sintering. The role of relative amounts of titanium hydride and pure Ti powders during mechanical alloying, and their effect on the microstructural and mechanical properties of the Ti–40Nb alloy, have been discussed and elaborated. An increasing amount of titanium hydride results in higher powder yield and smaller resultant powder particle size. Subsequent two-step spark plasma sintering resulted in equiaxed microstructure with primarily β phase, wherein the grain size decreased with increasing amounts of titanium hydride powder. The specimen corresponding to alloys prepared using equal amounts of pure Ti and titanium hydride powders resulted in fine-grained structure, exhibiting the best combination of mechanical properties, that is, a combination of highest hardness, high strength, and high ductility.
Genome Analysis of Vallitalea guaymasensis Strain L81 Isolated from a Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent System
Authors: Schouw Anders , Vulcano Francesca , Roalkvam Irene , Hocking William Peter , Reeves Eoghan , Stokke Runar , Bødtker Gunhild , Steen Ida Helene
Published: July 2018

Abyssivirga alkaniphila strain L81T, recently isolated from a black smoker biofilm at the Loki’s Castle hydrothermal vent field, was previously described as a mesophilic, obligately anaerobic heterotroph able to ferment carbohydrates, peptides, and aliphatic hydrocarbons. The strain was classified as a new genus within the family Lachnospiraceae. Herein, its genome is analyzed and A. alkaniphila is reassigned to the genus Vallitalea as a new strain of V. guaymasensis, designated V. guaymasensis strain L81. The 6.4 Mbp genome contained 5651 protein encoding genes, whereof 4043 were given a functional prediction. Pathways for fermentation of mono-saccharides, di-saccharides, peptides, and amino acids were identified whereas a complete pathway for the fermentation of n-alkanes was not found. Growth on carbohydrates and proteinous compounds supported methane production in co-cultures with Methanoplanus limicola. Multiple confurcating hydrogen-producing hydrogenases, a putative bifurcating electron-transferring flavoprotein—butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase complex, and a Rnf-complex form a basis for the observed hydrogen-production and a putative reverse electron-transport in V. guaymasensis strain L81. Combined with the observation that n-alkanes did not support growth in co-cultures with M. limicola, it seemed more plausible that the previously observed degradation patterns of crude-oil in strain L81 are explained by unspecific activation and may represent a detoxification mechanism, representing an interesting ecological function. Genes encoding a capacity for polyketide synthesis, prophages, and resistance to antibiotics shows interactions with the co-occurring microorganisms. This study enlightens the function of the fermentative microorganisms from hydrothermal vents systems and adds valuable information on the bioprospecting potential emerging in deep-sea hydrothermal systems.
Advances in Pharmaceutical Strategies Enhancing the Efficiencies of Oral Colon-Targeted Delivery Systems in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Guo Yilin , Zong Shiyu , Pu Yiqiong , Xu Benliang , Zhang Tong , Wang Bing
Published: July 2018

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a common disease characterized by chronic inflammation in gastrointestinal tracts, which is primarily treated by administering anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs that inhibit the burden of intestinal inflammation and improve disease-related symptoms. However, the established therapeutic strategy has limited therapeutic efficacy and adverse drug reactions. Therefore, new disease-targeting drug-delivery strategies to develop more effective treatments are urgent. This review provides an overview of the drug-targeting strategies that can be used to treat IBD, and our recent attempts on the colon-specific delivery system (Pae-SME-CSC) with a paeonol-loaded self-microemulsion (Pae-SMEDDS) are introduced.
Erratum: Demesa, A.G.; et al. Valorization of Lignin by Partial Wet Oxidation Using Sustainable Heteropoly Acid Catalysts. Molecules 2017, 22, 1625
Authors: Demesa Abayneh Getachew , Laari Arto , Sillanpää Mika , Koiranen Tuomas
Published: July 2018

The authors would like to make the following correction to their published paper [1]. [...]
Synthesis and PI 3-Kinase Inhibition Activity of Some Novel 2,4,6-Trisubstituted 1,3,5-Triazines
Authors: Nelson Ronald A. , Schronce Taylor , Huang Yue , Albugami Alanoud , Kulik George , Welker Mark E.
Published: July 2018

A number of new trisubstituted triazine phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors were prepared via a three-step procedure utilizing sequential nucleophilic aromatic substitution and cross-coupling reactions. All were screened as PI3K inhibitors relative to the well-characterized PI3K inhibitor, ZSTK474. The most active inhibitors prepared here were 2–4 times more potent than ZSTK474. A leucine linker was attached to the most active inhibitor since it would remain on any peptide-containing prodrug after cleavage by a prostate-specific antigen, and it did not prevent inhibition of protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation, and hence, the inhibition of PI3K by the modified inhibitor.
Stability of Antibacterial Silver Carboxylate Complexes against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Their Cytotoxic Effects
Authors: Aldabaldetrecu Maialen , Tamayo Laura , Alarcon Romina , Walter Mariana , Salas-Huenuleo Edison , Kogan Marcelo J. , Guerrero Juan , Paez Maritza , Azócar Manuel I.
Published: July 2018

The antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus epidermidis of five silver carboxylate complexes with anti-inflammatory ligands were studied in order to analyze and compare them in terms of stability (in solution and after exposure to UV light), and their antibacterial and morphological differences. Four effects of the Ag-complexes were evidenced by transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM): DNA condensation, membrane disruption, shedding of cytoplasmic material and silver compound microcrystal penetration of bacteria. 5-Chlorosalicylic acid (5Cl) and sodium 4-aminosalicylate (4A) were the most effective ligands for synthesizing silver complexes with high levels of antibacterial activity. However, Ag-5Cl was the most stable against exposure UV light (365 nm). Cytotoxic effects were tested against two kinds of eukaryotic cells: murine fibroblast cells (T10 1/2) and human epithelial ovarian cancer cells (A2780). The main objective was to identify changes in their antibacterial properties associated with potential decomposition and the implications for clinical applications.
The Use of Trisodium Citrate to Improve the Textural Properties of Acid-Induced, Transglutaminase-Treated Micellar Casein Gels
Authors: Li Hongliang , Yang Chang , Chen Chong , Ren Fazheng , Li Yuan , Mu Zhishen , Wang Pengjie
Published: July 2018

In this study, the effect of trisodium citrate on the textural properties and microstructure of acid-induced, transglutaminase-treated micellar casein gels was investigated. Various concentrations of trisodium citrate (0 mmol/L, 10 mmol/L, 20 mmol/L, and 30 mmol/L) were added to micellar casein dispersions. After being treated with microbial transglutaminase (mTGase), all dispersions were acidified with 1.3% (w/v) gluconodelta-lactone (GDL) to pH 4.4–4.6. As the concentration of trisodium citrate increased from 0 mmol/L to 30 mmol/L, the firmness and water-holding capacity increased significantly. The final storage modulus (G′) of casein gels was positively related to the concentration of trisodium citrate prior to mTGase treatment of micellar casein dispersions. Cryo-scanning electron microscopy images indicated that more interconnected networks and smaller pores were present in the gels with higher concentrations of trisodium citrate. Overall, when micellar casein dispersions are treated with trisodium citrate prior to mTGase crosslinking, the resulted acid-induced gels are firmer and the syneresis is reduced.
Investigation of Hydro-Lipophilic Properties of N-Alkoxyphenylhydroxynaphthalenecarboxamides †
Authors: Kapustikova Iva , Bak Andrzej , Gonec Tomas , Kos Jiri , Kozik Violetta , Jampilek Josef
Published: July 2018

The evaluation of the lipophilic characteristics of biologically active agents is indispensable for the rational design of ADMET-tailored structure–activity models. N-Alkoxy-3-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxanilides, N-alkoxy-1-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxanilides, and N-alkoxy-2-hydroxynaphthalene-1-carboxanilides were recently reported as a series of compounds with antimycobacterial, antibacterial, and herbicidal activity. As it was found that the lipophilicity of these biologically active agents determines their activity, the hydro-lipophilic properties of all three series were investigated in this study. All 57 anilides were analyzed using the reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method for the measurement of lipophilicity. The procedure was performed under isocratic conditions with methanol as an organic modifier in the mobile phase using an end-capped non-polar C18 stationary reversed-phase column. In the present study, a range of software lipophilicity predictors for the estimation of clogP values of a set of N-alkoxyphenylhydroxynaphthalenecarboxamides was employed and subsequently cross-compared with experimental parameters. Thus, the empirical values of lipophilicity (logk) and the distributive parameters (π) were compared with the corresponding in silico characteristics that were calculated using alternative methods for deducing the lipophilic features. To scrutinize (dis)similarities between the derivatives, a PCA procedure was applied to visualize the major differences in the performance of molecules with respect to their lipophilic profile, molecular weight, and violations of Lipinski’s Rule of Five.
Astrogliopathy in Tauopathies
Authors: Ferrer Isidro
Published: July 2018

Astrocytes are involved in many diseases of the central nervous system, not only as reactive cells to neuronal damage but also as primary actors in the pathological process. Astrogliopathy is a term used to designate the involvement of astrocytes as key elements in the pathogenesis and pathology of diseases and injuries of the central nervous system. Astrocytopathy is utilized to name non-reactive astrogliosis covering hypertrophy, atrophy and astroglial degeneration with loss of function in astrocytes and pathological remodeling, as well as senescent changes. Astrogliopathy and astrocytopathy are hallmarks of tauopathies—neurodegenerative diseases with abnormal hyper-phosphorylated tau aggregates in neurons and glial cells. The involvement of astrocytes covers different disease-specific types such as tufted astrocytes, astrocytic plaques, thorn-shaped astrocytes, granular/fuzzy astrocytes, ramified astrocytes and astrocytes with globular inclusions, as well as others which are unnamed but not uncommon in familial frontotemporal degeneration linked to mutations in the tau gene. Knowledge of molecular differences among tau-containing astrocytes is only beginning, and their distinct functional implications remain rather poorly understood. However, tau-containing astrocytes in certain conditions have deleterious effects on neuronal function and nervous system integrity. Moreover, recent studies have shown that tau-containing astrocytes obtained from human brain tauopathies have a capacity for abnormal tau seeding and spreading in wild type mice. Inclusive conceptions include a complex scenario involving neurons, glial cells and local environmental factors that potentiate each other and promote disease progression in tauopathies.
Lecture 3—Measuring Pharmacy’s Work in the 21st Century
Authors: Parrish Richard H.
Published: July 2018

The importance of developing a thoroughly shared understanding of mission, vision, and values is highlighted in reference to the creation of meaningful and sustainable key performance indicators (KPIs). A review of clinical practice KPIs (cpKPIs) and operational KPIs (opKPIs) is provided using work load measurement activities from Canada, its province of Alberta, and the United Kingdom. In order for Singaporean pharmacy clinicians and leaders to embrace a unified KPI system, the natural tendency to measure what is easy and available, instead of what matters to patients, is difficult but must be overcome.
Fusion of Moderate Resolution Earth Observations for Operational Crop Type Mapping
Authors: Torbick Nathan , Huang Xiaodong , Ziniti Beth , Johnson David , Masek Jeff , Reba Michele
Published: July 2018

Crop type inventory and within season estimates at moderate (<30 m) resolution have been elusive in many regions due to the lack of temporal frequency, clouds, and restrictive data policies. New opportunities exist from the operational fusion of Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI), Sentinel-2 (A & B), and Sentinel-1 (A & B) which provide more frequent open access observations now that these satellites are fully operating. The overarching goal of this research application was to compare Harmonized Landsat-8 Sentinel-2 (HLS), Sentinel-1 (S1), and combined radar and optical data in an operational, near-real-time (within 24 h) context. We evaluated the ability of these Earth observations (EO) across major crops in four case study regions in United States (US) production hot spots. Hindcast time series combinations of these EO were fed into random forest classifiers trained with crop cover type information from the Cropland Data Layer (CDL) and ancillary ground truth. The outcomes show HLS achieved high (>85%) accuracies and the ability to provide insight on crop location and extent within the crop season. HLS fused with S1 had, at times, a higher accuracy (5–10% relative overall accuracy and kappa increases) within season although the combination of fused data was minimal at times, crop dependent, and the accuracies tended to converge by harvest. In cloud prone regions and certain temporal periods, S1 performed well overall. The growth in the availability of time dense moderate resolution data streams and different sensitivities of optical and radar data provide a mechanism for within season crop mapping and area estimates that can help improve food security.
The Impact of Private Research and Development Expenditures and Tax Incentives on Sustainable Corporate Growth in Selected OECD Countries
Authors: Ravšelj Dejan , Aristovnik Aleksander
Published: July 2018

Investment in research and development (R&D) plays a vital role in sustainable economic growth in many countries around the world. In addition, also companies are aware of that R&D investment is becoming more and more important since it can generate future benefits, which may ultimately result in the sustainable corporate growth. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the impact of private R&D expenditures and R&D tax incentives on sustainable corporate growth. Using multiple regression analysis, a panel dataset of 1372 companies investing the largest amounts in R&D activity is analysed. The results of this paper reveal that private R&D expenditures as well as R&D tax incentives (in interaction with private R&D expenditures) have a positive impact on sustainable corporate growth at the firm level in selected Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. The comparison between different subgroups of companies reveals that private R&D expenditures represent one of the main driver of sustainable corporate growth especially in high-tech companies, while R&D tax incentives (in interaction with private R&D expenditures) are key determinant of sustainable corporate growth in both subgroups of companies. The results may help governments in the formulation of relevant R&D tax incentive policy in the future.
Dynamics of Tradeoffs between Economic Benefits and Ecosystem Services due to Urban Expansion
Authors: Hu Yingen , Zhang Ye , Ke Xinli
Published: July 2018

Urban expansion has been proved to spur significant changes in economic development worldwide, yet it degrades ecosystem services. Seldom attempts are made to explore the dynamic relationship between economic benefits and ecosystem services. As such, we simulated land use in Wuhan, the capital city of Hubei Province in China, by employing the LANDSCAPE model (LAND System Cellular Automata model for Potential Effects) in scenarios with datasets supported. This paper analyzes the amount of variation of urban growth between its corresponding implications for ecosystem services in Wuhan, and further reveals a meaningful dynamic linkage between economic benefits (EB) and ecosystem services value (ESV). The amount of urban expansion is a critical factor affecting tradeoffs of EB and ESV. A certain amount of urban expansion (the turning point) will worsen tradeoffs between EB and ESV, and when the amount of urban growth surpasses the turning point, a small increase of EB will pay a great amount of ESV. The better the amount of urban growth is controlled, the more harmonious the EB and ESV will be. Our research is helpful to find the turning point as well as the proper amount of urban growth at the aspect of tradeoffs between EB and ESV.
Trade-Off between the Social and Environmental Performance of Green Concrete: The Case of 6 Countries
Authors: Kono Jun , Ostermeyer York , Wallbaum Holger
Published: July 2018

Improving the sustainability performance of construction industry is driven by two forces: regulatory push (policy initiatives), and market pull where improving a corporate sustainability performance can be financially beneficial for enterprises. Through the investigation of the sustainability hotspots and impacts, concerning social and environmental, of the steel slag mixed concrete (green concrete) the study assessed the factors relevant for its performance and examined how to improve them. Hotspot analysis and impact assessments were conducted by social and environmental life cycle assessment (LCA). The assessed green concrete represented not just the variety of geographic representation but also the product designs (three different slag contents) and the potential difference occurring from the corporate efforts, where four classes were introduced. The investigation of the social and environmental hotspots of the green concrete revealed a difference in the relation between the sustainability performance and steel slags. While the increased slag content resulted in worse social performance, the increase improved the environmental performance in all six investigated case countries. This trade-off between the social and environmental performance implied the limits of the sustainable product design and suggested the effectiveness of the supply chain management for improving the two sustainability performances for the green concrete.
The Deep Freeze Redux: Cold Storage Packaging of Ektachrome Color Film
Authors: Palmer Lisa
Published: July 2018

At the 2017 SPNHC meetings in Denver, a five-minute Storage Techniques for Art, Science and History (STASH) talk was presented on the cold storage of film-based media. Herein, a more in-depth presentation of the Smithsonian's archival project with a status update is provided.

In February 2016 world-renowned ichthyologist John E. Randall (Jack) donated his 10,559 film-based slide collection of fishes to the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History (NMNH). Beginning in the 1970’s, Jack used predominately 120mm Ektachrome film to photograph marine fishes. The first-generation slides were stored in cool storage, approximately 40F/4.5C, for much of their lives, thus preserving film color quite well as well as extending the life expectancy of film. Although digital surrogates of the slides have been created, the Division of Fishes intends to ensure the stabilization of the original color film by placing the slides in cold (-4F/-20C) storage.

Color dyes used in Ektachrome slide film are fairly fugitive, and a known strategy to slow the rate of fading is to store slides in the coldest storage possible. NMNH Division of Fishes rehoused slides based on methods developed by the US National Park Service and the US National Gallery of Art. Prior to placing into cold storage, the slides were rehoused using archival supplies. The packaging methods we used are to prevent or reduce inherent deterioration as well as to help prevent any condensation buildup during the acclimation period that can occur when moving between quite differing temperature environments. In this discussion, I will evaluate the processes and materials used as well as to reflect on post-mortem takeaways.
Herbaria as Functional Trait Databases
Authors: Meeus Sofie
Published: July 2018

Although tropical rainforests play an important role in regulating the world’s climate, they are at the same time particularly vulnerable to changes in the climate. Intense and prolonged droughts, for instance, can lead to biomass loss which will further accelerate these changes. Especially for tree species it becomes problematic, due to their long lifespan, to quickly adapt to or evade unfavorable climatic conditions affecting the composition of the forest community as a whole and consequently the ecosystem services that the rainforests provide.

A long-term drying trend currently threatens tropical regions worldwide but is especially strong in the central African rainforest, the second-largest rainforest on Earth. The impact of this decrease in precipitation on the vegetation is, however, still largely unknown due to the limited amount of historical eco-climatological data. Fortunately, these kind of data do exist albeit in a poorly accessible (analog) format in herbarium collections.

To investigate if trees show changes in morphology and/or physiology invoked by climatic changes in the last century, the COBECORE team (Congo Basin Eco-Climatological Data Recovery and Valorization”) is exploring the usability of herbaria as potential sources of plant leaf functional trait data using established protocols adjusted to dried leaf material. Photosynthesis as well as gas exchange and transpiration are processes regulated by a plant’s leaves, and depend on the specific leaf area (SLA) and the number and size of the stomata. The less area the latter structures occupy on the leaf the less the plant will suffer from water losses which increases the resistance to drought of plants.

We explored the recently digitized African Herbarium of the Botanic Garden Meise which contains over 1.2 million African specimens with a very good coverage of the Congo Basin, dating back to 1880. Currently, we obtained average SLA measurements for 833 herbarium specimens from 59 of the most common tree species of central African rainforests. Pictures for stomata counts and size measurements were taken from over one hundred specimens mainly focused on three Prioria species, giant tree species (up to 60 metres) currently suffering from overexploitation. The data generated in this project will be valuable to understand some lower-level vegetation responses such as plant water use needed to model and predict long-term climate change impacts on vegetation.
Edifice Complex: Managing Risk During Construction
Authors: Hirsch Jeffrey , Rudy Roger , Wright Taylor
Published: July 2018

As the museum building serves a critical role in preventive conservation, its maintenance and repair represent important measures to ensure the safekeeping of cultural heritage. Construction projects can be key to the long-term preservation of the building, and in turn advance the need for collection care, but the construction process itself introduces risk from a variety of sources. Moreover, safety concerns related to building projects often restrict access to portions of the building, complicating the work of museum professionals who have a responsibility for preserving collection material but may not be directly involved in day-to-day construction activities. What are the problems of most potential destruction to building contents, and where can planning make a world of difference in reducing risk?

This presentation presents an overview of the construction process, using a critical path schedule as an introduction for people who’ve not participated in a capital project. Discussion will identify how risk changes according to the phase of construction, where work increases the vulnerability of collection material and what measures can be taken early in a project to manage these factors. The presenters will focus on fire protection during construction, referencing published reports about incidents of damage and their causes, then connecting this data to challenges unique to museum projects. Budgets and museum professionals’ time should be directed toward mitigating damage based on a risk assessment built upon data that exists from multiple sources within the construction industry.
Finding the Silver Lining: Creating Positive Outcomes From Pest Problems
Authors: Mildwaters Nyssa , Phillips Cody , Yeats Lisa
Published: July 2018

Pests pose a significant risk to natural science collections with appreciable resources invested in prevention, monitoring and eradication. Despite best efforts, infestations do still occur in the vast majority of museums at one time or another. Tackling these can be an expensive, time-consuming and labour-intensive undertaking that can also affect staff morale. In some circumstances, however, having to deal with infestations can have positive long-term outcomes.

In 2017, a small team of Conservation and Collection Management staff at Otago Museum were required to deal with a carpet beetle outbreak in the museum’s much-loved Animal Attic gallery. The project quickly expanded in scope to include the Natural Science Dry Store. For a team of only four staff it involved significant logistical challenges and the movement of a large number of items.

Despite the challenges involved, the staff found that a number of positive Conservation and Collection Management outcomes beyond the eradication of carpet beetles also occurred. Examples were increased museum-wide staff understanding of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies, improvements to gallery environmental conditions, and opportunities for the reorganisation of storage.

The planning, implementation and resolution stages of the project will be discussed, with an emphasis on how a significant risk to the museum’s collection has been used to improve the long-term preservation and management of the Otago Museum’s Natural Science Collections.
The Importance of Museum Biomaterial Resources and Specimen Records for the Advancement of Zoological Research in Southern Africa
Authors: Mwelase Zamawelase
Published: July 2018

The Durban Natural Science Museum (DNSM) Mammal Department was established in 1989. The Mammal Department is one of three zoological divisions and is the youngest and the most active collection within the institution. It is considered as one the fastest growing mammal collections in southern Africa and is comprised of 17,200 specimens belonging to ca. 450 species. The collection’s primary focus is small mammals and small mammal research. The collection has amassed five holotypes and 31 paratypes – all of which represent Afrotropical small mammalian taxa described within the past decade. The department generates about 12 – 15 loans per annum, most of which represent biomaterial transfers (following international guidelines and standards).

Our collection material and specimen records support approximately 10 peer-reviewed publications on average per annum. The specimen material is accessed by local and international researchers and contributes towards various projects ranging from comparative morphological studies, taxonomic and systematic investigations, DNA-sequence based studies and stable isotope analyses; to mention but a few. The departmental database has recently been migrated from Microsoft Access to Specify 7 software. This upgrade has greatly assisted curatorial and technical staff in managing access to collection material and specimen information, as it has streamlined the amount of administration work associated with such tasks. Staff at the DNSM continue to strive to find innovative technologies and techniques to enable our collection material to be more accessible to a wider audience and to become an internationally-recognized authority on Afrotropical small mammalian biodiversity.
The ePANDDA project: linking the Paleobiology Database, iDigBio, and iDigPaleo for biological and paleontological research, collections management, and outreach
Authors: Sessa Jocelyn , Butts Susan , Karim Talia , Nelson Gil , Norris Christopher , Serratos Danielle , Uhen Mark
Published: July 2018

There are several online paleontological resources that serve a diversity of needs: the Paleobiology Database (PaleoBioDB), a database of fossil occurrences built largely from the primary scientific literature; iDigBio, the national hub for neontological and paleontological specimen data; and iDigPaleo, a specimen-based website built for educational use. While each resource is useful on its own, aggregating data from them is laborious and problematic, as the connectivity between modern and fossil, and specimen and literature-based, resources does not currently exist. Funded by the NSF EarthCube initiative (ICER 1821039), the enhancing Paleontological and Neontological Data Discovery API (ePANDDA) project is using application programming interfaces (APIs) to integrate the paleontological and neontological resources of these three sites. The ePANDDA API returns comprehensive data to the user on all aspects of specimens and taxa. For example, a neontologist could search the ePANDDA API (available at: https://api.epandda.org) using a taxonomic name. In addition to modern specimen records available in iDigBio, they will receive paleontological collections information from iDigPaleo and the PaleoBioDB. The connectivity of these resources facilitates addressing research questions currently difficult to answer, even with multiple researchers working as a group.

The ePANDDA API was demonstrated to programmers and end users at a “hackathon” in the fall of 2017, resulting in significant modifications to the API based on end user needs. The epandda team also sought the input of end users in the creation of software widgets that use the API via two workshops in 2016. During this presentation, we will demonstrate several of these software widgets (available at: https://epandda.org), including one that geolocates a user and displays records from all three databases of all organisms within a specified radius. We will also showcase how the PaleoBioDB will use the ePANDDA API to display links to specimen images within iDigBio. The presentation will also include examples and plans for how ePANDDA can collaborate with other existing geological and biological resources.
The Preservation of Two Leopard Seals (Hydruga leptonyx), Ten Years Apart
Authors: Burns Emma , Fyfe Jim , Ferrall-Heath Hinerangi , Hupman Krista
Published: July 2018

Discussing the process from death to display for two significant Rāpoka, leopard seals, (Hydrurga leptonyx) undertaken as preservation projects by the Otago Museum. The first of these is a large female which died within the takiwa (district) of Kāti Huirapa Rūnaka ki Puketeraki in 2008. This seal was significant in the sense that it was the first marine mammal preservation project undertaken by the museum in collaboration with local iwi in the following the Ngāi Tahu Treaty of Waitangi settlement, where iwi regained the management rights of kā kararehe o takaroa (marine mammals) remains within the Marine Mammal Protection Act framework. This preservation project became a successful model for collaboration between iwi, government wildlife organisations, researchers and the museums when a marine mammal dies in the Otago Region.

In 2017 the death of a neonate leopard seal pup, significant given its birth on St Kilda Beach, Dunedin within the takiwa of Te Rūnanga o Ōtākou sees the Otago Museum working to preserve this important leopard seal. This talk discusses the parallels and differences between the two projects, the importance of collaboration, recent applications of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT) scanning preservation methods as well as using more traditional methods of taxidermy and skeltonisation. The guiding principles have been to preserve voucher information for the future, educate visitors about this Antarctic species, to expose our local community to the ongoing links between Māori and the natural world, and to demonstrate how wildlife management, science, museums and practitioners in indigenous knowledge can successfully collaborate in the practical and interpretive context of curation.
A Model for Creating Connections and Building Collections-Based Curricula for Pre-College Educators
Authors: Hogue Gabriela , Phillips Molly , Cubeta Marc
Published: July 2018

Science is increasingly emphasized in high school classrooms and compliments current Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) and Science, Technology, Engineering, the Arts, and Math (STEAM) educational initiatives. Successful educational programs and activities must now be aligned to state and national science standards, including Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). The NGSS contain three dimensions: practices, crosscutting concepts, and disciplinary core ideas. Natural history collections and collections data naturally complement these three dimensions. However, many educators are unfamiliar with collections and unaware of the resources available through data aggregators such as the Integrated Digitized Biocollections (iDigBio). How can we make educators aware of these resources and empower them to implement these resources as educational tools in their classrooms?

At the 2016 Incorporating K-12 Outreach into Digitized Collections Programs workshop and 2017 National Science Teacher Association meeting, iDigBio staff discussed these questions with educational experts from the United States. The consensus was that activities needed to align with appropriate teaching standards, as a bare minimum, and that building relationships with the target audience was crucial to introducing new educational materials into the classroom. Once educators become comfortable and familiar with new resources via hands-on training, they would be more likely to implement them into their respective classrooms. In July 2018, a 3-day workshop “Drawers, Jars, and Databases: Teaching the Hidden Science of Natural History Museums" was held at the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences (NCMNS) in Raleigh. The workshop was designed to serve as a pilot program to determine if training and building of relationships with local educators will increase use of digitized collections data in the classroom. Partners hosting this workshop included staff from iDigBio, the MicroFungi Thematic Collections Network, and NCMNS. This presentation will expand upon methods used to address and achieve workshop goals of increasing the knowledge of natural history collections and collections data, as well as, increasing the competency for implementing collections-based activities utilizing data aggregators in the classroom.
After the Fall
Authors: Toner Meghann
Published: July 2018

On November 17, 2016 in the Department of Botany at the National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), one of the electrical compactor bays suffered a catastrophic failure of the electrical system resulting in the unit malfunctioning. All safety measures in the unit failed causing the collapse of 17 herbarium cases containing part of our Fabaceae collection and damaging 14 additional cases as they fell to the floor. These three minutes of chaos lead to a yearlong recovery process.

A safeguard for such a disaster is digitization. In this row all but one of the cases had been completely imaged and inventoried into our database system. These records provided a way to note both the damage and conservation treatments used for each sheet.

A team of individuals with various experts, is required to fully recover from a disaster. In the first critical minutes after the disaster, the building facility team and department staff mobilized to secure and clean the area. Over the following weeks; the conservation team based in NMNH assessed the damage, while the herbarium staff created swing space. The NMNH Collection Program provided the personnel to check the 19,241 specimens affected by the collapse. The Informatics team helped to fine-tune the conservation module in our database, which was used to note treatments. Finally, the Smithsonian National Collection Program provided vital funds to rebuild the collapsed compactor and to convert the remaining three compactors to function safely.

A review of the disaster is the final step in the process. There were areas where our response was perfect while there were other areas where improvement is needed. In reality a procedure on paper may not account for all of the variables that could happen during a disaster. A disaster procedure can provide a basic outline but needs to be flexible in a real life situation.

Before a disaster strikes, the staff should review the collection area with a “new set of eyes." There are many hidden dangers in plain sight. Another important tool is digitization. Digitalization is critical for preserving the collections. Digital records provides a reference to note conservation treatments if needed. Finally, it is the staff that provides the experience and physical effort necessary for the clean-up. Training is important as well as building connections to reserves of experience either internally among the staff or externally such as connections to the SPNHC community.
ZooKeys anniversary: 10 years of leadership toward open-access publishing of zoological data and establishment at Pensoft of like-minded sister journals across the biodiversity spectrum
Authors: Erwin Terry , Stoev Pavel , Penev Lyubomir
Published: July 2018

ZooKeys anniversary: 10 years
The feeding habits of the endemic Remo flounder, Oncopterus darwinii (Actinopterygii: Pleuronectidae), in an exposed sandy beach’s surf zone in southern Brazil
Authors: Lameiro Fábio R. , Condini Mario V. , Brito Cintia P. , Vieira João P.
Published: July 2018

The Remo flounder,OncopterusdarwiniiSteindachner, 1874 is a small Pleuronectidae (~ 250 mm TL) distributed in the warm-temperate zone from Santa Catarina (28°S – Brazil) to the Gulf of San Matías (42°S – Argentina). We studied the occurrence and diet of juveniles of this flatfish (85% < 100 mm TL) for one year (August 2009 to July 2010) in a southern Brazilian sandy beach. Individuals were much more common in spring and early summer than in the other seasons. Of the 758 individuals analyzed, only 69 (9.1%) were found with empty stomachs. The Remo flounder fed predominantly on small crustaceans (gammarid amphipods, mysids and the hipiidaeEmeritabrasiliensisSchmitt, 1935) and no seasonal differences were found in the composition of the diet of this flatfish. However, variations in the Index of Relative Importance (IRI) were found among seasons, which most likely can be explained by a decrease in the availability of favored food items throughout the year. The pattern of distribution ofO.darwiniiindicates that southern Brazilian sandy beaches are used as nursery ground for this species.
Délires contemporains du religieux
Authors: Willequet Pierre
Published: July 2018

Sur une base empirique et clinique, l’article s’interroge sur les différentes formes, souvent délétères, que peuvent prendre les mouvements spirituels et/ou religieux ainsi que la manière dont ils vont justifier l’injustifiable – notamment la violence – par le jeu combiné d’une rhétorique explicative et d’une ratio toujours dominante.
La dépendance affective
Authors: Allain-Dupré Brigitte
Published: July 2018

L’auteur parcourt les entrées du terme « dépendance » dans le vocabulaire psychanalytique pour montrer que l’acception jungienne est riche d’une originalité et d’une ouverture qui s’accorde avec la notion d’inceste et de transfert. Un exemple clinique vient illustrer ce propos.
Amour, amour quand tu nous tiens...
Authors: Christopoulou Vassiliki-Piyi
Published: July 2018

Dans cet article, rédigé comme une pièce en deux actes et un dénouement, l’« éprouvé d’aimer » se « déploie », se fait « voir » et se fait « sentir » à travers autant la figurabilité du rêve et ses tableaux vivants que ses « répliques » dans les élaborations proposées. Quelles sont les étapes parcourues pour qu’un « éprouvé » puisse être identifié comme éprouvé d’aimer dans la confiance ? Quelle est la part du rêve et du fantasme ou ses enjeux transférentiels ? Comment Mélanie Klein s’associe-t-elle à Freud pour remanier complètement ses théorisations et mettre en évidence l’éprouvé de gratitude comme un authentique éprouvé d’aimer ?
Zelda and Scott Fitzgerald and psychoanalysis: The construction of Tender Is the Night (1934)
Authors: Esteve Nuria , Huertas Rafael
Published: July 2018

This article analyzes the biographical and contextual elements which enabled Fitzgerald to incorporate the psychiatry of the time into Tender Is the Night (1934). The content of the novel is linked to Zelda Fitzgerald’s mental illness and her admission to a Swiss psychiatric clinic in 1930. It also identifies the parallels between the doctors who treated the couple and those that appear in the novel, examining the elements used to construct fictional characters inspired by major figures in psychiatry during this period, including Oscar Forel, Eugen Bleuler and Carl Gustav Jung. Lastly, it evaluates the weight and significance of the discourse and the psychiatric and psychoanalytic concepts utilized by Fitzgerald in the novel.
The interpreter in the sacramental confession in the Catholic Church, with special attention to sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Spain
Authors: Sarmiento Pérez Marcos
Published: July 2018

Within the context of the history of interpreting and focusing on Catholic Europe, with special attention to sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Spain, this paper looks at linguistic mediation between a penitent and his confessor who do not speak the same language. After outlining the evolution of the sacrament of penance up to the regulations arising from the Council of Trent, the ecclesiastical provisions that established the degree of intervention of interpreters in the sacramental confession are presented. Evidence of its implementation in several multilingual groups (pilgrims and crusaders, Spanish soldiers, the Moriscos, Euskera speakers, Europeans living in Spanish territory, and indigenous Canary islanders), as well as in the concurrence of sacramental confession and the making of the will is then provided. This is an initial approach to an area of traductology still to be explored, which opens new lines of research.
“Modernism,” “Postmodernism,” and the Death of the Stanza
Authors: Hutchinson G. O.
Published: July 2018

Lyric after Pindar should be seen not as declining and petering out, but as developing in ways which radically question or play with the fundamentals of the genre (or “super-genre”). The stanza is a crucial feature of lyric up to Pindar, especially when seen textually; “modernist” expansion into huge astrophic entities (Timotheus, etc.) and “postmodern” reduction into stichic lines (Callimachus, etc.) both involve radical rethinking of the super-genre, and one is a reaction to the other. However, the most innovative postmodernists are the poets somewhat earlier than Callimachus and Theocritus (Simmias, Philicus, etc.); Callimachus and Theocritus continue their ideas with new twists and new point. And the stanza is not really dead: within Timotheus’ and Callimachus’ poems stanza-like structures are built up. The late-classical and Hellenistic development of lyric is as dynamic and thought-provoking as that of sculpture.
Defendiendo la periferia. Texas y Yucatán. Independencias triunfantes y frustradas
Authors: Martínez Rubén Torres
Published: July 2018

En el siglo XIX dos territorios mexicanos, Texas y Yucatán, buscan independizarse de México. La teoría de clivajes permite obtener elementos que explican la búsqueda de dichas independencias, así como el éxito de una y el fracaso de otra. Acudimos a aspectos culturales para observar la dificultad que tenía una joven nación como México para crear una identidad “mexicana”.