bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MUI Fatwa in Responding to COVID-19 Prevention in Indonesia: The Maqashid Sharia Perspective
Authors: Kasdi Abdurrohman , Farida Umma , Adim Fauzan , Muslihun Muslihun , Putra D.I. Ansusa
Published: March 2024

This paper examines the Indonesian Ulama Council (MUI) fatwa in responding and tackling the spread of COVID-19 in Indonesia using the Maqashid Sharia perspective. Maqashid Sharia is the objective of Islam contained in every enforcement of religious rules. The approach used is juridical-phenomenological. Juridically, a fatwa can be an alternative law in dealing with the spread of COVID-19. The phenomenological approach seeks and discovers the meaning of essential phenomena regarding handling COVID-19 cases in Indonesia. The result shows that Maqashid Sharia applied in the MUI fatwa in avoiding COVID-19 appear in four aspects: First, maintaining health and avoiding everything that may cause exposure to the disease. Second, people affected by the COVID-19 disease are obliged to isolate themselves so that transmission does not occur to others. Third, it prohibits activities involving public gatherings and worship at home to break the chain of distribution of the COVID-19 virus. Fourth, prohibit all actions that cause panic and cause public harm, such as buying up and hoarding necessities, hand sanitizers, and hoarding masks. These four aspects relating to the Maquashid Sharia, follow its core values, which ultimately guard the soul.
Prosecutorial Power: Ending Prosecutions Through Restorative Justice Principles
Authors: Faisol Faisol , Anadi Yandri Radhi
Published: March 2024

This data article delves into the evolving landscape of criminal law enforcement through the lens of prosecutors' authority to terminate prosecutions using restorative justice principles. Utilizing a normative research approach, it scrutinizes Attorney General Regulation Number 15 of 2020 on Termination of Prosecution Based on Restorative Justice alongside statutory regulations Number 11 of 2021 and the concept of restorative justice itself. The study reveals that prosecutors indeed possess the power to end prosecutions when cases are resolved outside the courtroom, as evidenced by the issuance of the Decree on Termination of Prosecution (SKPP). This approach, rooted in article 35 paragraph (1) letters c and J of the Republic of Indonesia Prosecutor's Law, signifies a delegation of authority from the Attorney General to the Public Prosecutor. These findings emphasize the compatibility of restorative justice practices with the fundamental objectives of criminal law enforcement.

Highlights:

Prosecutor's Authority: Prosecutors have the authority to discontinue prosecution based on restorative justice principles.

Out-of-Court Settlement: SKPP is issued after out-of-court settlement of criminal cases through restorative justice mechanisms.

Legal Basis: The legal basis for such action is the Indonesian Prosecutor Law Article 35 paragraph (1) letter c and J, which confirms the delegation of authority from the Attorney General to the Public Prosecutor.

Keywords: Termination of Prosecution, Criminal, Restorative Justice
Maximizing Machine Efficiency in Indonesia's Noodle Industry
Authors: Rasyid Mohammad Andi , Sukmono Tedjo
Published: March 2024

This study utilizes the Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) method, focusing on the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) to evaluate machine efficiency within a notable Indonesian noodle manufacturer. In the rapidly growing food manufacturing industry, particularly dry and instant noodles, machine performance is critical for meeting increasing domestic and international market demands. Results reveal that the OEE values are below industry standards, primarily due to speed reductions, idle and minor stoppages, process defects, and breakdown losses. These findings emphasize the urgent need for preventive maintenance strategies to mitigate downtime and enhance productivity, providing valuable insights for global industries facing similar challenges.
Highlights:

Rapid growth in the food manufacturing industry demands increased productivity.
Machine performance is crucial for maintaining optimal production processes.
Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) and Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) methods help measure and improve machine efficiency.

Keywords: Total Productive Maintenance, Overall Equipment Effectiveness, Six Big Losses.
Boosting Boiler Efficiency Through Strategic Interventions
Authors: Maydana Adinda , Akbar Ali
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the decline in steam boiler performance, focusing on identifying causal factors and implementing corrective actions. Employing an observational approach, the research highlights insufficient water supply and suboptimal fuel quality as primary contributors to decreased efficiency. Strategic measures, including optimizing air supply in the combustion process and enhancing corrosion control within the boiler's fire tubes, were implemented to address these issues. The findings suggest that these interventions effectively restore boiler performance, offering significant implications for maintenance practices and operational efficiency in industrial settings.
Highlights:

Steam Boiler Functionality: A steam boiler produces steam through fuel combustion and water conversion.

Identifying Performance Factors: Lack of water filling and fuel quality are identified as factors causing boiler performance decline.

Action Plan: Optimization of air in combustion and corrosion control in boiler pipes are implemented to address the performance issue.

Keywords: Boiler, Corrosion, Performance
Designing Augmented Reality-Based Learning Media for Facilitating Early Childhood's Naturalistic Intelligence
Authors: Rahman Firda Nafaatur Rahman , Rahman Taopik , Mulyana Edi Hendri
Published: March 2024

In facilitating naturalist intelligence, teachers often have difficulty presenting real objects in the classroom. Referring to the function of media in learning to overcome sensory limitations, space limitations and time limitations, media representations can illustrate abstract information so that it is clearer and more concrete. One of them is by using augmented reality-based media to present a 3D object in a real environment in real time. This study aims to develop learning media based on augmented reality to facilitate early childhood naturalist intelligence. The study used the EDR (Educational Design Research) method with research procedures adapted from the McKenney and Reeves model. Data analysis was performed using qualitative and quantitative analysis techniques. The findings from this study indicate that the developed augmented reality media meets the criteria with an eligibility percentage of 88,5 % for the material validator and 98% for the media validator. Based on these results, it can be concluded that this media is very feasible to be used as a means to facilitate the development of naturalist intelligence in early childhood
COMPARISON OF THE TRIASSIC LEGAL SYSTEM OF INDONESIA WITH THE FRENCH STATE
Authors: Afifulloh Afifulloh , Sudarsono Sudarsono , Hadiyantina Shinta
Published: March 2024

State law in Constitutional Law, there is an  object of regulation in which the system of the Triassic Concept of Politica, which is a normative principle that powers should not be handed over to the same person in order to prevent abuse of power by the ruling party.   Polotical triad offers a concept of state life by separating powers that are expected to be separated from each other in equal positions, so that they can control each other and balance each other (checks and balances), besides that the hope is that it can limit power so that there is no concentration of power on one hand which will later give birth to arbitrariness . The State of Indonesia with the State of France as a State of law (Civil Law), has similarities and differences in the application of the concept of Polotical triad. Similarities and differences in the application of the Polotical triad concept are material in comparing the systems applied in the Polotical triad concept. Comparison with the concept of Polotical triad between the State of Indonesia and the State of France, based on the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia as the Constitution of the State of Indonesia and the Constitution of  Ocktober 4, 1958 as the Constitution of the State of France.
EFFORTS TO REALIZE A HALAL LIFESTYLE IN MADURA THROUGH THE SYNERGY OF ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOLS AND THE HALAL CENTER OF UNIVERSITY TRUNOJOYO OF MADURA
Authors: Nayu Moh. , Fahmi Agung Ali
Published: March 2024

The The role of Islamic boarding schools in an effort to realize a halal lifestyle through halal certification as an effort for a better life in the future is a fact. Under certain conditions, Islamic boarding schools can also function as an element that is able to solve community legal problems. This study is intended to optimize the existence of a halal center at Trunojoyo University Madura by conducting halal certification through institutional synergy with Islamic boarding schools which do have an important role in realizing a halal lifestyle in the Madurese community. With empirical legal research methods, it is found that Islamic boarding schools (Kiyai) have cultural, religious, and legal legitimacy in an effort to realize a halal lifestyle in the Madurese community.
Regional Government Strategies to Preserve the Keris Industry in Sumenep
Authors: Rahmadhani Noviana Dwi , Fajar Moh. Ibnu , Abdullah Saiful
Published: March 2024

This research aims to analyze the importance of establishing regulations for the Aeng Tong-tong tourist village in Sumenep Regency, which are used to strive to develop and promote keris sectarian culture in Sumenep Regency. This research method is legal research using a sociological juridical approach, with observation and interview methods. The results of this research indicate that the keris as one of the world's non-material human heritage requires a re-emphasis on the values and role in society contained in the keris so that there are no misunderstandings in the placement of the keris. The conclusion of this research is the form of local government legal protection as an effort to preserve the keris industry in Sumenep Regency as a form of maintaining keris cultural crafts and also making Sumenep the city of Keris with the highest number of keris makers in Sumenep Regency. This form of legal protection is so that there are clear legal regulations.
Estágio supervisionado no ensino médio integrado
Authors: Grasel Gleydnara , Costa Filho José , Vidal Lúcio , Suanno Marilza , Silva Amarilia
Published: March 2024

A Educação Profissional e Tecnológica (EPT) promove a formação profissional do estudante preparando-o para o mundo do trabalho. O estágio supervisionado é um instrumento pedagógico que oportuniza a relação teoria-prática e a formação integral pretendida, utilizando o trabalho como prática formativa. Logo, este estudo identifica a concepção ontológica do trabalho enquanto princípio educativo nas publicações relacionadas ao estágio supervisionado no ensino médio integrado (EMI) ofertados na EPT. Como metodologia foi adotada a pesquisa descritiva, de caráter qualitativo, utilizando-se de levantamento bibliográfico (2005 a 2023) que tenha como objeto a prática de estágio no EMI. Observou-se que a maior parte das pesquisas analisadas se estruturam a partir da concepção ontológica do trabalho. Ademais, os resultados apontam para estudos que indicam: i) a precarização do trabalho praticada mediante a atividade de estágio; ii) o estágio supervisionado como importante elemento da formação profissional; iii) dificuldades apresentadas nos processos de gestão dos estágios realizados. A pesquisa contribui com a agenda que debate o trabalho como princípio educativo.
Analyzing organic agriculture’s potential to nourish, preserve, and outperform conventional farming in Switzerland
Authors: Crosnier Agathe , Baudry Gino , Jeangros Laurence , Thalmann Philippe
Published: March 2024

Although there is a widespread positive perception of the environmental impacts of organic agriculture, scientific evidence is more nuanced. This paper provides a commodity-based modelling of the Swiss domestic food production in 2050, derived in four scenarios, to compare the environmental impacts of organic and business-as-usual production as well as of two diets, namely the EAT-Lancet and the Swiss Food Pyramid diets. Then, a Life Cycle Assessment based approach is conducted to assess the environmental impacts through climate, ecosystems, soil, and resource depletion. All scenarios showcased lower impacts against the reference year (2018) mostly thanks to the dietary shifts. Despite lower yields, 100% organic farming production remains feasible under our assumption. Organic agriculture can be more impactful than conventional. Although a shift towards a more sustainable diet is needed, the EAT diet is not always the better option depending on the country’s context.
Trajectories of Depression and Anxiety in Adults with Rare Disorders across 13 Months During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Halsøy Øyvind , Orm Stian , Cogo-Moreira Hugo , Silverman Wendy K. , Fjermestad Krister
Published: March 2024

Background
Adults with rare disorders experience multiple psychosocial risk factors beyond their medical symptoms, including impaired quality of life, social isolation, loneliness, and mental health problems. These risk factors were amplified during the COVID-19 pandemic, when health care appointments and social/vocational activities were reduced or cancelled.
Methods
We conducted a monthly survey of 58 adults aged between 19 and 71 years (M = 45.1 years, SD = 12.6) with rare disorders across 13 months during the COVID-19 pandemic. We measured symptoms of anxiety and depression with the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-5. Covid fear was measured with the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale. We examined the mental health and covid fear trajectories across the 13 months with multi-level growth curve models with repeated measures at Level 1 and individuals at Level 2. To account for differences in governmental restrictions throughout the 13 months, we used the stringency index from The Oxford Covid-19 Government Response Tracker.
Results
The growth models indicated stable levels of anxiety and depression over 13 months that were elevated compared to existing population data and were unpredicted by pandemic restrictions. The level of covid fear was significantly associated with the levels of anxious and depressive symptoms.
Conclusions
The current study found no improvement in mental health symptoms throughout the pandemic for persons with rare disorders. This highlights the necessity of investigating the long-lasting influence of the pandemic on mental health among individuals with rare disorders.
Multi-modal biosensing enabled by on-chip nano-corrugated graphene
Authors: Hwang Michael , Zulkarnine Nik Humaidi Nik , Faramarzi Vahid , Huang Siyuan , Chandrasekar Narendhar , Perala Sandeep , Park Ju Seong , Koprowski Katherine , Chen Sihan , Zhang Yue , Darsi Sriya , Adoni Maher , Kim Alicia , Baek Jun , Valera Enrique , Ryu Jaechul , Zande Arend van der , Kim Myung Jong , Park Insu , Bashir Rashid
Published: March 2024

We present a nano-corrugation graphene (NCGr)-based device, which can support diverse detection strategies. A single NCGr device can exhibit three different modes of biomolecular sensing: electrolyte-gated field-effect transistor (FET) sensing, electrochemical sensing, and sensing based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Each mode produces reliable signals with extremely high sensitivity for DNA hybridization detection (analyte concentrations < 10 fM). The charge-transfer effect is dominant in all NCGr-integrated devices. Electrochemical complex capacitance spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results indicate the presence of coupled quantum-classical effects (from the band gap opening) in the FET-based device, which govern its Atto-molartDNA concentration, and a nonclassical electrical double layer that reduces the ionic screening. In the electrochemical mode, the NCGr surface behaves catalytically, facilitating long electron transfers in dsDNA “circuits” upon hybridization. The faster penetration of methylene blue into the DNA duplex is confirmed by chronoamperometry, explaining its sensitivity. NCGr can “switch on” the optical sensing ability for SERS and activate its plasmonic behaviour without a heterostructure such as a metal–graphene hybrid or grating structure. The plasmonic signal is geometry dependent; greater changes in the localized electrical field can be observed from the bare surface to the molecular decoration. Finite element method simulations reveal that chemical mechanism dominates over electromagnetic mechanism in the enhancement of SERS and plasmonic devices, indicating that the charge transfer between molecules improves the optical sensing response.
Dual benefits: Lowering nutrient and CO2 concentrations via enhanced environmental protection in a large eutrophic lake
Authors: Zhang Lin , Xue Feng , Ye Qingyang , tang xinyuan
Published: March 2024

Inland lakes are one of the important geographical components withing their watersheds, often serving as the sentinels for surrounding environmental changes. This study explores the impact of anthropogenic disturbances on nutrient and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in two representative sites within the inflow river mouth zone of Taihu Lake, a heavily anthropogenically influenced eutrophic lake. Leveraging a comprehensive database encompassing both watershed and lake parameters, including gross domestic product (GDP), wastewater discharge, and pollutant loads from Wuxi and Yixing cities, as well as nutrient and CO2 concentrations in the lake. Our findings reveal the existence of an Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) between GDP and industrial wastewater discharge. This suggests that the growth of GDP does not invariably lead to an increase in industrial wastewater discharge in the studied cities. Nutrient concentrations in the two Taihu Lake sites exhibit sensitivity to external changes in the watershed, with an observed EKC relationship between GDP and nutrient concentrations. This underscores that increased environmental awareness and investment in environmental protection have facilitated GDP growth without compromising inland water quality. Additionally, our results indicate significant correlations between CO2 concentrations, GDP, wastewater pollutant loads, and nutrient concentrations within the lake. In summary, this study emphasizes the dual benefits of enhanced environmental protection—reducing both nutrient and CO2 concentrations—a phenomenon with potential relevance to other anthropogenically affected eutrophic lakes.
National Survey on Pediatric Respiratory Physiotherapy Units: Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia and Non-CF Bronchiectasis
Authors: Tani Beatrice , Ullmann Nicola , Leone Paola , Boni Alessandra , Barbieri Eugenio , D'Angelo Matteo , De Dominicis Sara , Giacomodonato Beniamino , Monduzzi Stefania , Piermarini Irene , Pizziconi Chiara , Ferrari Beatrice , Cutrera Renato
Published: March 2024

Background: Currently, there is a lack of data concerning the organization and characteristics of Italian pediatric physiotherapy units for the treatment of patients with chronic lung diseases, especially those with rare conditions such as primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) and non-Cystic Fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB).
Methods: A national descriptive study based on a survey questionnaire was conducted. The questionnaire consisted of three different sections: distribution and characteristics of the centres, services provided by respiratory therapists, physiotherapists’ perception of the unit.
The survey was distributed to all healthcare providers via an online platform, and a descriptive data analysis was performed.
Results: The survey had a response rate of 97.5% with twenty-nine responses collected. The centers are heterogeneously distributed: thirteen in the northern regions, eight in the central regions and eight in the southern regions. Of the 29 centers with a physiotherapy unit, 19 had a specialized respiratory therapy unit. Respiratory therapy was provided in different care settings: regular wards (28/29 centers, 97%), outpatient service (29/29 centers, 100%), and intensive or semi-intensive care units (17/29 centers, 59%).
The interventions provided by respiratory therapists involved more than just airway clearance (29/29). More specific interventions, such as pulmonary function tests (23/29), functional tests (27/29), educational training (26/29), management of workout exercise programs (25/29) and interventions developed in collaboration with physicians such as non-invasive ventilation (NIV) (23/29) and oxygen titration (21/29) are performed. It is interesting to note that therapists are also involved in various activities, such as telemedicine, physiotherapists’ research projects, and supporting alongside physicians, for the prescription at home of medical devices. Perception of the unit was also evaluated.
Conclusions: The involved centers are heterogeneous in terms of the distribution and treatments offered. The role of respiratory physiotherapists still seems to be fragmented. This first descriptive analysis of the physiotherapy units and the main differences between centers opens query on the clinical approaches used for pediatric patients with PCD in terms of respiratory physiotherapy. However, in response to evolving treatment needs, a more specialized and standardized approach to patient care is required.
Essential, trace and toxic elements content, their distribution and risk assessment in Karaagach river, Bulgarian Black Sea region
Authors: Georgieva Velyana , Genieva Svetlana
Published: March 2024

In the southeastern part of the Bulgarian Black Sea coast, the Veleka River and the Burgas Lake Vaya have been studied, but there is still no comprehensive study of the Karagach River. In order to monitor changes in concentrations of essential, trace and toxic elements and their distribution in the surface waters in the Black Sea region, sampling points along the Karaagach river length were selected. Monthly surface water sampling was conducted from June 2021 to June 2022 at selected points and analyzed for 22 elements (Al, As, Cu, Cr, Mn, Zn, Ni, Cd, Pb, B, Ba, Co, Na, Se, Ag, Be, Mg, K, Bi, Li, Sr, V). The annual average concentrations of Al and Mn where found at the five monitoring points were 27.5 ± 8.0 µg L–1 and 89.7 ± 40.1 µg L–1, respectively, categorize these metals as major pollutants. Exceedances above the permissible concentrations of Ni (5.2 ± 1.3 µg L–1), Cd (0.30 ± 0.08 µg L–1) and Pb (3.0 ± 0.5 µg L–1) were only recorded in urbanized sites, therefore they are classified as point contaminants. Based on Pearson's correlation statistical analysis the non-identical origin of the major pollutants and a presumed anthropogenic source of the point contaminants were identified. Heavy contamination of the Karagach River with Al and Mn was recorded in autumn at three of the monitored sites, assessed by calculating different contamination indexes.
Nighttime-specific gene expression changes in suprachiasmatic nucleus and habenula are associated with resilience to chronic social stress
Authors: Chaudhury Dipesh , Narain Priyam , Petković Aleksa , Šušićb Marko , Haniffa Salma , Anwar Mariam , Arnoux Marc , Drou Nizar , Antonio-Saldi Giuseppe
Published: March 2024

The molecular mechanisms that link stress and circadian rhythms still remain unclear. The habenula (Hb) is a key brain region involved in regulating diverse types of emotion-related behaviours while the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the body's central clock. To investigate the effects of chronic social stress on transcription patterns, we performed gene expression analysis in the Hb and SCN of stress naive and stress exposed mice. Our analysis revealed a large number of differentially expressed genes and enrichment of synaptic and cell signalling pathways between resilient and stress-naïve mice at zeitgeber 16 (ZT16) in both the Hb and SCN. This transcriptomic signature was nighttime-specific and observed only in stress-resilient mice. In contrast, there were relatively few differences between the stress-susceptible and stress-naïve groups across time points. Our results reinforce the functional link between diurnal gene expression patterns and differential responses to stress, thereby highlighting the importance of temporal expression patterns in homeostatic stress responses.
Long term outcomes of intra-carotid arterial transfusion of circulatory derived autologous CD34+ cells for acute ischemic stroke patients—A randomized, open-label, controlled phase II clinical trial
Authors: Lin Hung-Sheng , Sung Pei-Hsun , Huang Shu-Hua , Lin Wei-Che , Chiang John Y. , Ma Ming-Chun , Chen Yi-Ling , Chen Kuan-Hung , Lee Fan-Yen , Ko Sheung-Fat , Yip Hon-Kan
Published: March 2024

Background
This phase II randomized control trial tested whether intracarotid arterial administration of autologous CD34 + cells to the patients within 14 ± 7 days after acute ischemic stroke (IS) could be safe and further improve short- and long-term outcomes.
Methods and Results
Between January 2018 and March 2022, 28 consecutive patients were equally randomly allocated into group 1 (CD34 + cells/3.0 x 107/patient) and group 2 (received optimal-medical therapy). The CD34 + cells were transfused into the ipsilateral brain infarct zone of group 1 patients at catheterization room. The results demonstrated that safety and success of the procedure were 100% and no long-term tumorigenesis was observed in group 1 patients. In group 1 patients, the circulating EPC number/angiogenesis capacity were significantly higher at post than at prior to granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor treatment (all p < 0.001). Time courses of blood samplings from right-internal jugular vein of the group 1 displayed a significant increase in the levels of SDF-1α and EPCs in time points of 5/10/30 minutes than in that of 0 minute (all p < 0.005). The National Institute of Health Stroke Scale was similar upon presentation, whereas it showed a great response by days 30/90 and Tc-99m brain perfusion was significantly increased by 180-days after acute IS in group 1 than in group 2 (p = 0.046). The long-term (4.1 ± 1.3 years follow-up) combined end points (defined as death/recurrent stroke/or severe disability) were notably higher in group 2 than in group 1 patients (p = 0.103).
Conclusion
Intracarotid transfusion of autologous CD34 + cells was safe and might provide some benefits for acute IS patients.
Clinical trial Registration number: ISRCTN15677760 (Registration date: 23/04/2018)
Synthesis of degradable porous polymers by means of ring-opening addition reaction of tri-aziridine and thiol-carboxylic acid compounds
Authors: Naga Naofumi , Jinno Masumi , Iwasaki Kazuki , Igarashi Yu , Tajima Toshiki , Yamato Masafumi , Nakano Tamaki
Published: March 2024

Ring-opening addition reaction between a tri-aziridine, pentaerythriyol-tris[3-(1-aziridinyl)propionate] (AZOH) or 2,2-bishydroxymethylbutanol-tris[3-(1-aziridinyl)propionate] (AZ), and a thiol-carboxylic acid, thioglycolic acid (TGA) or thiolactic acid (TLA) or 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA), at room temperature in ethyl acetate produced porous polymers. The polymer networks were formed by the ring-opening reactions between the aziridine group of the tri-aziridine compounds with both the carboxylic acid and thiol groups of the thiol-carboxylic acids. The morphology of the porous polymers was composed by connected particles, whose averaged diameters ranged from about 2.5 to 7.5 µm. The reaction of AZOH and MPA under a high monomer concentration (40 wt%) yielded the porous polymer with co-continuous monolithic structure, whose backbone was formed by connected small particles of diameters of less than 0.2 µm. The porous polymers formed with TLA showed higher Young’s modulus due to small particle size and high density. The porous polymers showed good thermal stability. All porous polymers were decomposed in methanol within 50 days at room temperature, suggesting that the polymers may be applicable as degradable materials.
Traffic Signal Control Using a Novel Multiagent Reinforcement Learning Considering Pedestrian Behavior
Authors: rong songsong , meng ruifeng , guo junhong , qiao zhi
Published: March 2024

Finding the optimal signal timing strategy poses a formidable challenge in traffic signal control problems. While multi-agent reinforcement learning holds promise for addressing this issue, the majority of studies prioritize vehicle-centric approaches, neglecting crucial pedestrian factors, particularly the unpredictable behavior of pedestrians during street crossings. This research aims to bridge this gap by investigating the effectiveness of a novel Double Q-learning method based on multi-agent collaboration in optimizing the traffic balance between pedestrians and vehicles at multiple intersections. In the context of urban transportation systems, where intersections act as pivotal nodes, this study adopts a macro-level perspective, treating each intersection as an agent capable of collaborative decision-making. The micro-level analysis incorporates a state representation incorporating pedestrian behavior sensitivity and a flexible action space, with the objective of optimizing traffic conditions. Results demonstrate that, under non-ideal conditions, our algorithm outperforms traditional Sarsa and Q-Learning algorithms, reducing vehicle waiting time by 32.8% and pedestrian waiting time by 70.85%. These outcomes underscore the algorithm’s effectiveness in balancing traffic efficiency for both vehicles and pedestrians.
Long-Term Meteorological Characteristics and Extreme Climate Indices over Tirupati - A Rapidly Developing Tropical City
Authors: Thandlam Venugopal , Kaagita Venkatramana , Sakirevupalli Venkatramana Reddy
Published: March 2024

Tirupati's climate has witnessed notable precipitation and temperature pattern shifts. The annual precipitation displays marked interannual variability over the past decades, notably marked by a substantial increase during the southwest monsoon (JJAS). However, a concerning long-term trend emerges, indicating a decrease in total annual precipitation over the last 30 years. The city has experienced contrasting trends in wet and dry days, with a significant long-term increase in wet days during both the southwest (JJAS) and northeast (OND) monsoons, yet a recent decrease over the past three decades. Concurrently, a noteworthy rise in the annual dry days has been observed during the same period. Heavy precipitation events, particularly during the southwest monsoon, show a positive trend, contrasting with the absence of significant changes in heavy rainfall days during the northeast monsoon. Temperature trends reveal a warming scenario, with a significant positive trend in annual maximum temperatures (Tmax) and a consistent annual rise in mean minimum temperatures (Tmin). However, the mean Tmax during the summer and southwest monsoon months shows no significant changes. A substantial decrease in cold and very cold days, especially during the last 30 years, suggests a broader warming trend impacting seasonal temperature variations in Tirupati. The findings underscore the complex interplay of monsoons, temperature variations, and changing precipitation patterns in Tirupati's climate over the years. This information is essential for planning, managing, and mitigating the city's weather extremes, planning and resources management and infrastructure projects.
Microbiome-derived antimicrobial peptides show therapeutic activity against the critically important priority pathogen, Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Huws Sharon , Alexander Peter , Oyama Linda , Olleik Hamza , Santos Fernanda , O'Brien Seamus , Cookson Alan , Cochrane Stephen , Gilmore Brendan , Maresca Marc
Published: March 2024

Acinetobacter baumannii is recognised as a priority 1 critically important pathogen by the World Health Organisation. The cow rumen has previously yielded antimicrobial peptides namely Lynronne-1, -2 and -3 with high efficacy against bacterial pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this study we assessed the structure by circular dichroism and efficacy of Lynronne-1, -2 and -3 against clinical strains of A. baumannii. Lynronne-1, -2 and -3 demonstrated alpha-helical secondary structures and had antimicrobial activity towards all tested strains of A. baumannii (Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations 2-128 μg/ml). Lynronne-2 and -3 also demonstrated additive effects with amoxicillin and erythromycin, and synergy with gentamicin. The AMPs demonstrated little toxicity towards mammalian cell lines or Galleria mellonella. Antibiofilm activity was observed with all three AMPs. Lynronne-1 and -3 demonstrated higher membrane-destabilising action against A. baumannii in comparison with Lynronne-2 in a fluorescence-based assay. This was corroborated by transcriptomic analysis which highlighted several gene expression changes related to cell wall synthesis following addition of the AMPs. For the first time we demonstrate the therapeutic activity of Lynronne AMPs against A. baumannii.
Virgin Coconut Oil Protects Against Dolutegravir-induced Toxicity in Wistar Albino Rats
Authors: Amagon Kennedy I. , Dachin Sandra P. , Amagon Leritshimwa , Makwin Luther
Published: March 2024

Virgin Coconut oil is known for its health and therapeutic benefits and is exploited because of its ability to scavenge free radicals. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of virgin coconut oil on dolutegravir-induced organ toxicity in Wistar albino rats. Fifteen healthy Wistar Albino rats were allotted into five groups of three animals each. Animals in the negative control group were administered normal saline, while those in group two had dolutegravir (10 mg/kg oral) daily for 28 days. Rats in groups three, four, and five received dolutegravir (10 mg/kg) plus virgin coconut oil (5, 10, and 15 ml/kg), respectively. All treatments were administered once daily for twenty-eight days. Twenty-four hours after the last dose, the animals were sacrificed, and blood samples were collected for hematological, lipid profile, and biochemical analysis, while the liver of each animal was harvested and processed for histological analysis. Administration of virgin coconut oil in the presence of dolutegravir caused an initial insignificant decrease (P > 0.05) in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels compared to Dolutegravir alone. We found that White and Red blood cell counts increased in the groups receiving virgin coconut oil compared to animals in the control group (dolutegravir only). Virgin coconut oil, in the presence of dolutegravir, decreased levels of triglycerides and increased levels of high-density lipoproteins. Serum creatinine and urea were observed to decrease in the group co-administered dolutegravir and virgin coconut oil. The oil showed protective effects against dolutegravir-induced histological changes in the liver tissue of rats. It can be concluded that virgin coconut oil protected the liver as well as the kidney from dolutegravir-induced toxicity.
Evaluating Emotional Intelligence Training in High-Stress Occupations: A Behavioral and Biological Perspective
Authors: King Jemma , Li Yiqiong , Gillespie Nicole , Ashkanasy Neal
Published: March 2024

In this research, we conducted a randomized control study in a military setting, where we compared measures of stress regulation and performance following emotional intelligence (EI) based training to a control group that received non-EI training. The EI-trained group underwent fifteen hours of training, focusing on recognizing, understanding, and managing emotions. We subsequently exposed participants to intense simulated real-life stressors and found that EI-trained participants demonstrated significantly (p < .01) lower biological-stress levels than the control group. We found further that 94% of EI-trained accurately performed tasks, compared to just 51.6% of controls (p < .001). Additionally, EI-trained participants demonstrated superior memory retention for mission-critical details during stress serials (p < .001); increased speed in complex mathematical calculations under pressure (56% vs. 19% correct answers, p < .001); and greater pain tolerance during cold water immersion (trainees persisted 72% longer, p < .001). These findings highlight the potential of EI training to enhance stress regulation and mental performance under pressure, offering valuable insights for improving employee well-being, organizational resilience, and avoiding burnout in high-stress environments.
Characteristics of retinal vascularization in reactivated retinopathy of prematurity and clinical outcome after reinjection of ranibizumab
Authors: Jang Ji Hye
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to determine whether the state of retinal vascularization after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injection can help predict the risk of recurrence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and whether repeated injection treatment will be effective in case of recurrence. We retrospectively reviewed 24 infants (43 eyes) who received ranibizumab monotherapy between January 2021 and December 2022. All eyes were classified as having non-reactivated ROP or reactivated ROP. The state of ROP at the time of treatment, the time required for resolution of plus disease, and the extent of vascularization at 4 and 8 weeks after treatment were analyzed. Extent of retinal vascularization was measured with serial RETCAM™ fundus images using disc-fovea distance (DF) unit. ROP reactivation occurred in six infants (25.0%) and ten eyes (23.3%) after ranibizumab treatment. The mean reactivation interval after the initial injection was 9.0 ± 3.3 weeks (range 4–16). In the reactivated ROP group, the time required for the resolution of plus disease after injection was longer compared to the control group (13.3 days vs 5.2 days), with a mean ROP regression time of 3.4 weeks. All eyes in the reactivated ROP showed retinal vascularization < 0.5 DF from the original site at 4 weeks after injection. In 90% of cases with reactivated ROP, the extent of vascularization at 8 weeks after injection was within 1 DF from the original ROP site, and all cases showed reactivation in the posterior Zone II area. After ranibizumab retreatment, only one reactivated case with vitreous traction progressed to focal retinal detachment, while all other cases regressed with peripheral vascular development. The continuation of delayed retinal blood vessel development after ≥ 8 weeks may indicate a high likelihood of ROP recurrence. In the absence of vitreous traction, ranibizumab reinjection is likely to be effective in treating ROP recurrence.
Health Professionals' Attitudes and Factors Influencing the Implementation of Electronic Medical Records: A Multicenter Cross-sectional Study in Ethiopia, 2023
Authors: Mulugeta Besufekad , Ayele Molawork , Endwenet Ermiyas
Published: March 2024

Background: Electronic medical record systems are increasingly incorporated into the healthcare systems of developing countries. Despite the high expectations and interest in adopting and using electronic medical record in Ethiopia, its overall adoption rate is low. Therefore, this study aims to assess attitude and associated factors towards implementation of electronic medical record among health professionals in Ethiopian, 2023.
Methods: Multicenter cross-sectional study design was conducted. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select a total of 397 samples. Data was entered to Epi data 4.6 and analyzed by SPSS version 25. A binary logistic regression was performed, and variables with p-values <0.25 were analyzed with multivariable logistic regression. A p-value of <0.05 and adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to declare the associated factors.
Result: In this study, favorable attitude towards implementation of electronic medical record system was 184 (48.2%). Age 29 years (AOR: 3.05; 95% CI: 1.58, 5.9), computer literacy (AOR: 2.66; 95% CI: 1.16-6.09), training on the EMR system (AOR: 2.87; 95% CI: 1.80-4.56)) and health professionals’ knowledge on EMR (AOR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.10-2.96) were significantly associated with attitude.
Conclusion: In this study, the attitude towards the implementation of electronic medical record is relatively low. Age, computer literacy, knowledge, and training access to EMR were factors significantly associated with the attitude towards electronic medical record system. Therefore, I would recommend the hospitals and ministry of health to enhance health professionals ‘attitude by improving their computer literacy and knowledge on EMR to scale up EMR use.
Phase morphology, mechanical performance, and thermal properties of fully biodegradable polylactic acid/polybutylene adipate terephthalate crosslinked network induced by UV irradiation
Authors: Bian Xueyan , Fan Suju , Xia Gang , Xin John , Jiang Shouxiang
Published: March 2024

Over the past few decades, there has been growing interest in replacing some of the fossil-derived polymers with biobased or biodegradable ones due to environmental concerns. Biobased polylactic acid (PLA) has emerged as the most practical option because of its superior mechanical and thermal qualities compared to other types of biopolymers. However, due to the inherent deficiencies of PLA, modifications to PLA have been an ongoing endeavor. In this study, samples of neat PLA, neat polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), blends of PLA and PBAT, as well as their crosslinked blends were fabricated. The morphology, mechanical and thermal transition performances, and thermal stability of the fully biodegradable samples were then measured. The results show that the flexibility and toughness of PLA were significantly enhanced. Especially, the elongation at break of ABT-UV30 (PLA/PBAT/triallyisocyanurate (TAIC) exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light for 30 minutes) was increased 37.8 times as compared to neat PLA. The compatibility of PLA and PBAT was enhanced by the development of a crosslinked network structure. The thermalgravimetric analyzer thermograms show that a moderate amount of UV radiation can improve the thermal stability of the sample while an excessive amount of UV radiation can reduce the temperature at which the sample degrades.
Bacterial-host adhesion dominated by collagen subtypes remodeled by osmotic pressures
Authors: Huang Jianyong , Xu Hongwei , Feng Yuting , Han Yiming , Duan Xiaoceng , Jiang Ying , Su Liya , Liu Xiaozhi , Qin Siying
Published: March 2024

Environmental osmolarity plays a crucial role in regulating functions and behaviors of both host cells and pathogens. However, it remains unclear whether and how environmental osmotic stimuli modulate bacterial-host interfacial adhesion. Using single-cell force spectroscopy, we revealed that the interfacial adhesion force depended in a nonlinear manner on osmotic prestimulation of host cells but not bacteria. Quantitatively, the adhesion force increased dramatically from 25.98 nN under an isotonic condition to 112.45 or 93.10 nN after the host cells were treated with the hypotonic or hypertonic solution. There was a strong correlation between the adhesion forces and the number of host cells harboring adherent/internalized bacteria. We further uncovered that osmoregulated overexpression of collagen XV and II was responsible for the increase in the interfacial adhesion under the hypotonic and hypertonic conditions, respectively. The work provides a new idea for developing host-directed antibacterial strategies related to interfacial adhesion from a mechanobiological perspective.
WITHDRAWN: Decline in ocean net primary production coincident with the 2023 heat wave
Authors: Bowles Marshall , Joye Samantha , Schulz Michael , Zabel Matthias , Hinrichs Kai-Uwe
Published: March 2024

Marine primary productivity is pivotal for transferring carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into the ocean. Global marine net primary production (NPP) rates derived from satellite-based estimates of primary producer biomass, sea surface temperature, and light availability are estimated to be ~4 Pmol C y-1 1–3. A major outstanding question is the sensitivity of NPP to future ocean warming, both regionally and globally. Here we used chlorophyll a data from the last 21 years to estimate NPP and determined that April 2023 global NPP - when sea surface temperatures (SSTs) reflected a substantial marine heat wave - dropped to 2.76 Pmol C y-1, or 22% below the time series mean. Using a spatially integrated approach, we show that the pelagic ocean experienced the most prominent decrease in NPP during peak SSTs in September 2023. The decrease in NPP was most pronounced in equatorial regions of the Atlantic and Pacific, as well as the northern Atlantic; all of these areas exhibited positive SST anomalies. Finally, we compared optimal temperatures (Topt) of phytoplankton photosynthesis to observed SSTs and show that during the NPP decline, in 65% of the surveyed area, the Topt was exceeded, suggesting a physiological mechanism for the observed decrease in NPP.
FABP5 is a Novel Key Player in Metabolic Modulation and NF-κB dependent Inflammation driving Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Authors: Fiume Giuseppe , Vecchio Eleonora , Gallo Raffaella , Mimmi Selena , Marino Rossana , Caiazza Carmen , Pastore Arianna , Ruocco Maria Rosaria , Arcucci Alessandro , Schiavone Marco , Palmieri Camillo , Iaccino Enrico , Stornaiuolo Mariano , Quinto Ileana , Mallardo Massimo , Martini Fernanda , Tognon Mauro
Published: March 2024

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) poses a significant challenge in oncology due to its intricate molecular and metabolic landscape, chronic inflammation, and heightened oxidative stress, which contribute to its notorious resilience and clinical complexities. Despite advancements, the precise mechanisms driving MPM carcinogenesis remain elusive, impeding therapeutic progress. Here, we explore the interplay between tumor growth dynamics, lipid metabolism, and NF-κB dysregulation in malignant pleural mesothelioma, shedding light on novel molecular mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis. Our study reveals distinctive growth dynamics in MPM cells, characterized by heightened proliferation, altered cell cycle progression, and resistance to apoptosis. Intriguingly, MPM cells exhibit increased intracellular accumulation of myristic, palmitic, and stearic acids, suggestive of augmented lipid uptake and altered biosynthesis. Notably, we identify FABP5 as key player in driving metabolic alterations and inflammation through NF-κB dysregulation in mesothelioma cells, distinguishing them from normal mesothelial cells. Silencing of FABP5 leads to significant alterations in cell dynamics, metabolism, and NF-κB activity, highlighting its potential as therapeutic target. Our findings unveil a reciprocal relationship between lipid metabolism and inflammation in MPM, providing a foundation for therapeutic strategies. Overall, this comprehensive investigation offers insights into the intricate molecular mechanisms driving MPM pathogenesis and identifies potential avenues for therapeutic intervention.