bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Workers with Lived and Living Experience: Characteristics and Wellbeing in the Australian AOD Sector
Authors: Kostadinov Victoria , Skinner Natalie , Duraisingam Vinita
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Little data exists examining workers with lived/living experience of alcohol and other drug (AOD) use who are not in designated peer roles. The prevalence of these workers within the national workforce, and their levels of wellbeing, are currently unknown. The current study therefore explored the prevalence, characteristics, and predictors of wellbeing among workers with different types of lived experience (personal vs family/other) compared to those without any reported lived experience. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted of the Australian AOD workforce. Group differences were explored on variables of interest via frequency statistics, χ2 tests of independence, multivariate analysis of variance, and linear regression. Results: Of the 986 AOD workers in direct client service roles, 2.4% were in a designated peer role, but 67.2% reported lived experience (34.5% personal lived experience and 32.8% family/other lived experience). Substantial proportions had not disclosed their lived experience to their workplace (27.4% with personal lived experience and 43.3% with other lived experience). Wellbeing (i.e., levels of burnout and engagement) did not differ significantly between groups. Predictors of wellbeing across all three groups included age, work intensity (e.g., heavy workloads), and finding work to be personally meaningful; additional differences between groups were also identified. Discussion: More than two-thirds of AOD workers in Australia have some form of lived experience, however this is not reflected in the number of peer roles. Initiatives that reach all workers with lived experience are required to safeguard their wellbeing, enhance recruitment and retention, and support best practice.
Moses and Aron: Reconsidering holistic politics
Authors: Möller Kolja
Published: November 2023

Drawing on Arnold Schönberg’s seminal opera “Moses and Aron”, the comment focuses on the role of holistic politics in Andrew Arato’s and Jean L. Cohen’s “Populism and Civil Society”. It argues that their anti-populist stance is too quick in dismissing a politics which is driven by representing and re-constituting the whole of the social order. Against this backdrop, a rejuvenation of the political left may not consist in a rejection of holism as such but in a popular politics which relies on functional equivalences.
The Enculturation of Liminality in Zine-Making: Acts of Associative Commonality That Enable Participation in a Media-Making Communitas
Authors: Bryant Peter
Published: November 2023

Participation in zine-making is enacted through a series of inter-linked making practices and intentions, constructed within both personal and interpersonal frames, and shared with others in different ways. Zines are catalysts for network formation within a cultural or sub-cultural community, with zine-makers sharing experiences, resources, and creativity to inform and associate with the community. Drawing on the constructivist grounded theory analysis of thirty-four semi-structured email interviews with zine-makers, this study sought to theorize a transdisciplinary understanding of the potential role zine-making communities play in the decision by an individual to participate in zine-making and how that participation was defined, enacted, and enculturated through zine-making. Using a constructivist grounded analysis, a model of participation was developed that defined and explored the bounded boundaryless of the zine-making communitas. In these spaces, members of the communitas deliberately transitioned into or through liminality and found affiliation and communion through engaging in and sharing the processes involved in zine-making (such as construction, distribution, and writing). Within this semi-fragile zine-making community, smaller sub-spaces were formed through engagement or affiliation with different interpretations and enactions of these processes, manifest in the production of different zine typologies and the creation and engagement with readership or circulation networks.
Overcoming Social Interactions Stress During COVID-19 Lockdown: The Role of Individuals’ Mobility and Online Emotional Support
Authors: Vétois Matthieu , Sontag Katrin , Manatschal Anita , Planamente Nelida , Kim Jinhee , Falomir-Pichastor Juan M.
Published: November 2023

The effect of COVID-19 lockdowns on the shift from in-person (offline) social interactions to online interactions and its consequences on social support and stress attracted scholarly attention. However, much less is known about how individuals’ prior mobility experiences have influenced coping with this shift. In the present research, we hypothesized that people with mobility experiences should already be more familiar with, and could profit more from, online social interactions before the pandemic, which might buffer against the negative impact of the pandemic on the emotional social support they obtained and the stress they felt during these interactions. In order to investigate this issue, we collected data ( N = 875) in Germany during the lockdown between April and May 2021. We measured mobility by introducing a novel approach that encompasses the act of moving houses (both within a country and internationally), commuting patterns, and nationality (migration background). Participants also reported the frequency of their online and offline interactions (before and during the lockdown), as well as the emotional support they obtained from online and offline interactions and the stress felt during lockdown interactions (as compared to before the lockdown). Results provide quantitative evidence in support of the main hypothesis especially regarding migration background. We discuss the relevance of these findings for research on migration and mobility.
No name in the street: Unknowability, Black women, and missing geographies
Authors: Mallory Aaron
Published: November 2023

Renisha McBride, who was killed by a white homeowner while seeking help after a car crash, made national headlines due to her murderer’s stand your ground defense failing to absolve him of manslaughter charges. This article argues that a key factor in McBride’s justice claims were the unknown characteristics of her encounter with the murderer that allowed family members to advocate on her behalf. Using the Black Feminist concept of unknowability, I look at how news media discourses about McBride’s unknown space and time prior to her encounter made her invisible while facilitating the continuous questioning of the events that night. Through an analysis of McBride’s negative portrayals in news media and court proceedings along with family members’ testimonies, I consider the ways unknowability affords Black women the ability to move from geographies of invisibility to visibility through a constant questioning of Black women’s relationship to space. I argue that unknowability allowed McBride to obtain some form of juridical justice.
Occupational therapy practice to support executive function impairment after acquired brain injury: A UK clinical survey
Authors: de Charentenay Sarah , Whitney Julie , Logan Philippa A
Published: November 2023

Introduction:

This study explored treatment of executive functioning impairment in adults after acquired brain injury (ABI), clinician’s confidence and support received, in a sample of occupational therapists in the United Kingdom.

Methods:

A 24-item online questionnaire was sent to 750 members of the Royal College of Occupational Therapists Specialist-Section in Neurological Practice. Data was collected at a nominal and ordinal level and included yes/no Likert-type scale and free field comments. Descriptive statistical analysis was completed.

Results:

Seventy-six occupational therapists working in a range of neurological settings completed the survey. Frequently used interventions included education ( n = 57, 75%), task modification ( n = 56, 73%), instrumental activities of daily living (ADL) ( n = 54, 71%), personal ADL ( n = 53, 70%) and goal setting ( n = 53, 70%). Seventy-one percent used metacognitive strategies. Occupation-based metacognitive approaches were rarely used. Thirty-one (41%) participants reported being fairly confident and 28 (37%) were very confident. Support for clinical practice was accessed most frequently through joint clinical sessions ( n = 30, 39%).

Findings:

Participants used various clinical interventions to treat service users with executive dysfunction after ABI. Meta-cognitive strategies were employed; however, occupation-based metacognitive approaches were infrequently utilised, suggesting uncertainty in adopting these in practice. The need for further training on evidence-based interventions and knowledge translation support was highlighted.
Wind farm supervisory controller design for power optimization in localized areas using adaptive learning game theory (ALGT)
Authors: Fazlollahi Vahid , Shirazi Farzad A , Taghizadeh Mostafa
Published: November 2023

In this paper, a supervisory control concept for wind farms is proposed based on the neighboring wind turbines control functions in localized areas for power optimization considering wake effects. The flow control in wind farms to maximize power production is a challenging problem due to its time-varying nonlinear wake dynamics. Hence, we develop a method that authorizes coordination in a wind farm for a squarely payoff-based scenario where the turbines have access only to measurements from their neighbors via repeated interactions. Therefore, in order to maximize output power in a wind farm, an Adaptive Learning Game Theory (ALGT) method is introduced. This control scheme provides an interaction framework that constructs a series of common control functions. Here, in every iteration, each turbine chooses an independent decision according to a localized control law. The control objective of wind turbine [Formula: see text] determines how each turbine adjusts a decision at each iteration by processing available information.
The harsh face of the empire by invitation: Coups in the US world order
Authors: Chiozza Giacomo , Khalifa Lena
Published: November 2023

Where were coups more likely to occur in the US world order? The US has occasionally resorted to coups to realign the foreign policy preferences in allied nations with its own preferences. This article explains why coups were more likely in countries where the leaders enjoyed an incumbency advantage that thwarted the ability of potential successors to gain power through regular channels of leadership turnover. That was more likely to be the case in presidential than in parliamentary democracies, and more likely in personalistic, military, or single-party regimes than in autocracies with multiparty legislatures.
Acquisition and Loss of Developmental Milestones and Time to Disease-Related Outcomes in Cerebral Alexander Disease
Authors: Joung Joshua , Gallison Kathryn , Sollee John (Jack) , Vigilante Nicholas , Cooper Hannah , Liu Geraldine W. , Ballester Lance , Faig Walter , Waldman Amy T.
Published: November 2023

Objective: To determine the ages at acquisition of developmental milestones, loss of motor function, and clinical symptoms in Alexander disease. Methods: Patients with confirmed cerebral Alexander disease were included. Data abstraction of developmental and disease-specific milestones was performed from medical records, physical exams, and questionnaires. Mixed effects logistic regression was used to determine if key clinical features were associated with milestone achievement, controlling for patient age. Results: 51 patients with cerebral/infantile Alexander disease were evaluated at a mean age of 10.96 years (range 2.29-31.08 years). Developmental milestones in Alexander disease were often achieved but delayed. Ambulation was achieved in 44 subjects (86%); 34 (67%) subjects walked independently (mean age 1.9 years, range 0.91-3.25 years) and an additional 10 (20%) subjects walked with assistance (mean age 3.9 years, range 1.8-8 years) but did not progress to independent ambulation. Developmental delay was the earliest and most prevalent symptom (N = 48 [94%], mean age 0.58 years), compared to an initial seizure (N = 41 [80%], mean age 2.80 years), and macrocephaly (N = 28 [55%], mean age 4.04 years), P < .0001 between these ages of onset. Loss of independent ambulation occurred in 11 of the 34 (32%) children who had acquired ambulation (range 3.41-15.10 years). Presence of seizures or macrocephaly did not predict the achievement or loss of ambulation. Conclusions: The clinical triad of developmental delay, seizures, and macrocephaly are not universally present in cerebral Alexander disease. Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for Alexander disease in patients with mild delays and a first seizure.
Single sensor three point on-line measurement method of precision rolling bearings
Authors: Hu Lai , Zha Jun , Song Peilong , Chen Yaolong
Published: November 2023

With the continuous development of machining methods, it is necessary to explore grinding and measuring methods to ensure the fatigue life and improved accuracy of bearings. In this study, a single-sensor three-point (SSTP) on-line outer-diameter measuring instrument was designed to ensure the consistency of the machining accuracy of precision bearing rings. Moreover, the mathematical model of the measuring instrument was established. The roundness and cylindricity error measurements of the ring outer diameter of precision bearings A and B form different manufacturers of countries were compared and analyzed. In addition, the accuracy measurement of the experimental grinder was investigated through multidimensional experiments. The results demonstrated a measuring and repetitive accuracy of ±1.25 and 1 μm, respectively. The measuring results conformed to the 3 б principle. The measured outer diameter was within the actual value of the workpiece outer diameter ±3 б, and the accuracy was over 99.73%. The instrument did only measure the outer diameter, but also measured the waviness error. The outer diameter and rotating speed did not clearly affect the measuring accuracy. The use of a lubricating fluid reduced the contact resistance of the on-line measuring instrument and significantly reduced the absolute error of outer diameter measurement, which is beneficial in improving the outer diameter measurement accuracy of the instrument.
Investigation of the drilling behavior of the Ti6Al4V alloy and developing prediction model using artificial neural network
Authors: Yılmaz Bahattin , Güllü Abdulkadir
Published: November 2023

This study investigates the influence of cutting parameters on drilling performance for Ti6Al4V alloy using TiN-coated carbide drill bits in a dry drilling environment. The surface roughness, feed force, cutting moment, cutting temperature, tool performance, hole diameter, circularity, and cylindricity values of the hole were studied. The optimal drilling parameters were determined using ANOVA to achieve the desired hole sizes, and prediction models were developed using artificial neural networks (ANN). The experimental results revealed that the feed rate was the most influential parameter for feed forces (92%), whereas the cutting speed had the greatest effect on tool performance (98%). It was determined as a result of the analyses that the optimal feed rate for tool performance, cutting moment, surface roughness, cutting temperature, and feed forces was 0.05 mm/rev. The diameter of the hole was positively affected at high cutting speeds and feed rates. The circularity and cylindricity of the hole were adversely affected by these cutting conditions. Adhesive wear was seen on the drill bits in all cutting conditions, and surface roughness was negatively affected by this adhesive wear. Artificial neural networks (ANN) were used to predict operating cost outputs (feed force, tool performance) and hole quality outputs (surface roughness, deviation of hole diameter). The compatibility of the experimental results and the ANN model was examined in the control experiment. ANN was able to predict the surface roughness and hole diameter with deviation values of 3% and 7%, respectively. Similarly, the deviation values for feed force and tool performance were determined at 3% and 10%, respectively.
Taking stock of individual power resources in European Union law: The blurry lines between adaptable and malleable social rights
Authors: Aranguiz Ane
Published: November 2023

The highly fragmented, layered and complex regulatory policy framework of the European Union hides a wealth of resources for social Europe. This article aims at exploring the social opportunities offered in this intricate legal framework on the basis of the resource-based understanding identified in the first contribution of this Special Issue by Corti, Ferrera and Keune. Accordingly, it pinpoints and discusses several guaranteed subjective powers to obtain certain social benefits or services in each of the pre-identified tripod of power resources: normative, instrumental and enforcement power resources. The analysis contradicts, to some extent, the negligible role attributed to EU law in terms of social rights. Overall, it finds that there exist abundant power resources at the EU level. Whereas these certainly add to the plethora of resources available to reach a certain standard of living, this abundancy is paired with a heightened complexity. Consequently, it is not always clear how the power resources interact among each other. Moreover, there is a disproportionate use of the tripod. Binding normative resources are used rather marginally in comparison to instrumental and enforcement resources, which is not necessarily a consequence of the lack of competence at the EU level.
Synthesis and characterization of fluorinated polyimide doped with NaYF4 nanocrystals for optical waveguide applications
Authors: Peng Liping , Xie Wei , Gong Sha , Hu Fuyun
Published: November 2023

Fluorinated polyimide materials were selected for their exceptional flexibility, high thermal stability, and minimal absorption loss. These materials were subsequently employed in the production of single-mode polymer optical waveguide devices using photolithography. In this study, a fluorinated polyimide material doped with NaYF4 nanocrystals was prepared and confirmed to exhibit low absorption loss near 1550 nm, which is within the common communication window. The refractive index of the fluorinated polyimide films was precisely adjusted by the NaYF4 doping, the adjustable ranges for the refractive index were 1.95% and 1.72% for doped and undoped, respectively. Secondly, utilizing the NaYF4 nanocrystals doped-fluorinated polyimide materials, a three-layer single-mode polymer optical waveguide device for C-band (near 1550 nm) optical interconnection was fabricated by etching the underlying cladding and employing silicon nitride as a mask. The transmission performance of the device was excellent, with a total waveguide coupling and transmission loss of 1.502 dBm.
A real-time PCR assay for the quantification of Mycoplasma equirhinis in tracheal wash samples from Thoroughbred horses
Authors: Kinoshita Yuta , Niwa Hidekazu , Uchida-Fujii Eri , Ueno Takanori
Published: November 2023

Mycoplasma equirhinis is the predominant equine Mycoplasma sp. isolated from clinically normal horses and is suspected to be associated with inflammatory airway disease in which cough is the primary sign. Quantitative evaluation of bacterial counts is useful in assessing the association between the bacteria in samples and observed clinical signs, but this evaluation has been difficult with conventional culture methods of M. equirhinis given the need for pre-enrichment using liquid cultures. We established a quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay for the quantification of M. equirhinis, targeting the hypothetical protein FJM08_00025. We confirmed its high species-specificity for M. equirhinis and a limit of detection of 2.9 copies/reaction. We quantified M. equirhinis in tracheal wash samples from 20 clinically normal horses and 22 coughing horses. The copy numbers detected by qPCR in 18 of the 22 samples from clinically affected horses were within the range detected in the 20 clinically normal horses (0–84 copies/reaction). The remaining 4 samples had considerably higher copy numbers (734–1,620,000 copies/reaction), suggesting the likely involvement of M. equirhinis infection. Quantitative evaluation of M. equirhinis over time using our qPCR assay may allow a more accurate assessment of M. equirhinis infection in coughing horses compared to culture methods.
spaB-positive Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, a novel teleost pathogen isolated from cultured barramundi
Authors: Chang Ri K. , Pomaranski Eric K. , Giray Cem , Keleher William , Griffin Matt J. , Camus Alvin C. , Toohey-Kurth Kathy L. , Soto Esteban
Published: November 2023

Members of the genus Erysipelothrix are emergent pathogens of cultured eels, as well as several characid and cyprinid species. Since 2013, E. rhusiopathiae has been reported from diseased barramundi ( Lates calcarifer) cultured in North America; we recovered 8 E. rhusiopathiae isolates from diseased fish during different outbreaks from the same farm. The E. rhusiopathiae isolates from barramundi were compared phenotypically and genetically to E. piscisicarius isolates characterized from ornamental fish and E. rhusiopathiae recovered from aquatic and terrestrial animals. All barramundi isolates were PCR-positive for the surface protective antigen type B ( spaB) gene, and shared ≥ 99.7% sequence similarity among concatenated multilocus sequence analysis gene sequences, indicating a high degree of genetic homogeneity. These isolates were > 99% similar to other spaB-positive isolates from marine invertebrates and marine mammals, consistent with findings for other spa types. The spaA and spaB isolates shared < 98% similarity, as well as < 90% similarity with spaC-positive E. piscisicarius. Similar clonality among the spaB isolates was observed using repetitive element palindromic PCR. In experimental intracoelomic injection challenges conducted to fulfill Koch postulates, 67% of exposed tiger barbs ( Puntigrus tetrazona) died within 14 d of challenge. Our study supports previous work citing the genetic variability of Erysipelothrix spp. spa types and the emergence of members of the genus Erysipelothrix as nascent fish pathogens.
For My Own Sake: The Role of Personal Relevance in Information Seeking
Authors: Liu Zhuling , Yang Janet Zheng
Published: November 2023

To test whether the risk information seeking and processing model performs consistently when a risk is viewed at different levels of personal relevance, this study focuses on the context of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contamination. Results from an experimental survey ( N = 1,323) indicate that informational subjective norms play a bigger role when PFAS contamination is portrayed as having lower relevance to participants. Moreover, trust in government and trust in science are associated with information seeking only in the low relevance condition. Finally, the different results of worry and anxiety suggest a need to better understand discrete emotions’ impact on information seeking.
The Effect of a Diabetes Self-Management Mobile Application on Self-Efficacy, Self-Care Agency, and Self-Care Management Among Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Masadeh Arwa B , Saleh Ali M
Published: November 2023

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that needs long-term management. Mobile health is an emerging field that is being used for diabetes self-management. Aim: Evaluate the effect of a diabetes self-management mobile application on self-efficacy, self-care agency, and self-care management among 128 Jordanian patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Methods: The study utilized a non-equivalent controlled groups quasi-experimental design, with 64 patients in the control and in the intervention groups. Results: There was significant improvement in mean self-efficacy in the intervention group, improved self-care agency between the groups, and improved self-care management both within the intervention group and between the groups, after controlling for self-efficacy and self-care agency. Conclusion: Using a diabetes self-management mobile application may help improve patients’ confidence in managing diabetes, and better commitment to and performance of self-care activities.
Comparison between IOL MASTER 500 and MYAH with vector analysis in low and mild anterior corneal astigmatism
Authors: Camellin Umberto , Franchina Francesco , Latino Gianluigi , Ninotta Ivan , Palino Paola , Meduri Alessandro , Aragona Pasquale
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Evaluate the agreement between IOL Master 500 (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Germany) and MYAH (Topcon EU, Visia Imaging, Japan) in measuring axial length, keratometry, and anterior corneal astigmatism.

Setting

Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Ophthalmology Clinic, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.

Methods

In this prospective study, 40 eyes (right eye 25, left eye 15) of 40 patients were included. Axial length (AL), keratometry (K1, K2), and anterior corneal astigmatism (ACA) were measured. AL, mean K (Kavg) and magnitude of ACA were compared using Bland – Altman plot analysis, parametric and nonparametric statistical analysis. The difference vector and angle of error of the ACA measured by the two devices were evaluated by vector analysis using polar diagrams.

Results

Mean and standard deviation with IOL Master and with MYAH device was for AL 24.25 ± 1.22 mm and 24.25 ± 1.22 mm (p = .99), for Kavg 42.75 ± 1.53 D and 42.85 ± 1.52 D (p = .78), for Magnitude of ACA 1.00 ± 0.58 D and 0.89 ± 0.56 D (p = .38) respectively. High correlations were found for AL (R² = 0.999), Kavg (R² = 0.996), and ACA Magnitude (R² = 0.889). Bland-Altman analysis of the two devices found high agreement and absence of proportional bias (MYAH-IOL MASTER) were found between the two assessments for AL (bias = −0.0005 mm, p = .93), Kavg (bias = 0.0955 D, p = .76) and ACA (bias = 0.11 D, p = .41). Limit of agreement (upper/lower LoA, 95%CI) were respectively +0.057/−0.058 mm for AL, + 0.29/−0.09 D for Kavg and +0.49/−0.27 D for ACA. No statistical difference was found between the x-component and y-component of the ACA vector (p > .01), the difference vector (IOL MASTER-MYAH) was +0.14 D axis 159 with an absolute mean angle of error of 7.2 ± 7.5 degree.

Conclusions

The instruments appear to be interchangeable for measurements of AL, keratometry, and magnitude of ACA with high agreement between the two devices. Also, in the presence of low astigmatism, the two instruments give the same results in terms of ACA.
The Investigation of the Association Between the Bcl-2 3’-UTR rs1564483 Polymorphism and miR-296-3p in the Development of Breast and Gastric Cancers
Authors: Azadeh Jouneghani Mehrnoush , Keshavarzi Fatemeh , Haghnazari Nahid , Hooshmandi Zahra , Amini Sabrieh
Published: November 2023

Background:

B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 ( Bcl-2) gene regulates carcinogenesis by inhibiting apoptosis. This study evaluated the association of Bcl-2 3′-untranslated regions (3′ UTR) rs1564483 polymorphism and miR-296-3p with the development of breast and gastric cancers.

Methods:

A microarray analysis was performed on the Genomic Spatial Event (GSE)29431 and GSE161533 datasets for breast and gastric cancers. Blood samples were taken from 222 (111 patients and 111 controls) and 210 (84 patients and 126 controls) individuals for breast and gastric cancers, respectively. Genomic DNA was extracted from the blood samples and genotyping was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), followed by examining the high-temperature melting curve. Statistical analysis was conducted to examine the potential correlation between the rs1564483 polymorphism and the risk of breast and gastric cancers concerning pathological characteristics.

Results:

The results of the microarray showed that the Bcl-2 gene was up-regulated in gastric cancer (logFC [log fold change]: 0.65, adjusted P < .05). Clinical outcome showed no notable relationship between the rs1564483 polymorphism and breast cancer risk; however, for gastric cancer, it identified a large difference between healthy controls and patients for an allelic frequency of rs1564483 ( P ⩽ .001). Moreover, an assay of different models (dominant, recessive, and co-dominant) showed a significant association between the AG genotype between control and gastric cases (Pearson chi-square test, P = .046). In addition, the prevalence of the AG genotype was greater in persons under the age of 45 and in patients with H. pylori infection ( P ⩽ .001). The AG genotype was not related to smoking, although the AA genotype was associated with increased cancer incidence in smokers ( P ⩽ .001).

Conclusions:

In silico studies and calculations of the ΔG binding of micro ribonucleic acid (miRNA) hsa-miR-296-3p to the mutant and wild alleles of the rs15644833 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) have revealed that Bcl-2 mRNA expression in gastric cancer decreases, thus confirming the tumor suppressor role of the Bcl-2 gene.
Influence of shape errors and inertia effects on the error motion of the aerostatic spindle
Authors: Zhang Guoqing , Zheng Jianming , Yu Hechun , Chen Ting , Shan Shijie , Peng Chao
Published: November 2023

In this study, an extended Reynolds equation incorporating the shape errors and the inertia effects of compressible fluid was formulated. The pressure-solving equation for the gas film was constructed using a second-order finite difference method. By combining the measurement data from the cylindricity of multiple shafts obtained from a cylindricity measuring instrument, the variation of the aerostatic bearing load capacity with the rotation of the shaft was calculated, both with and without considering the inertia effect. An experimental rig was also constructed to measure the error motion data of the corresponding shaft. The results of numerical analysis and experimental validation demonstrated that shafts with larger cylindricity error values exhibit greater deviations in the calculated bearing load capacity, which correspondingly leads to larger radial error motion values measured in the experiment. When the roundness error value of the shaft is small or the shaft speed is low, the influence of inertial effects on the calculation results of the load capacity deviation is minimal and can generally be disregarded.
Regulating criminal justice: The role of procedural justice and legitimacy in the inspection of probation in England and Wales
Authors: Phillips Jake
Published: November 2023

Criminal justice institutions are held to account in a number of ways yet there is limited knowledge as to how these systems of regulation function. One primary method for regulating systems of punishment is through the use of independent inspectorates, yet very little empirical research has explored how inspectorates engage with the organisations they inspect nor how inspection is received by inspected organisations. Procedural justice theory has been used to understand compliance with laws. It can also shed light on compliance with systems of accountability, although there is a dearth of research in this area. Thus, our understanding of how regulation works in situ is limited. This article uses procedural justice theory to analyse data that were collected in England and Wales to explore how His Majesty's Inspectorate of Probation garners legitimacy from those it inspects. The article suggests that the Inspectorate is seen to be trustworthy and impartial, treats people with respect and provides them with a voice although there is variance between groups. The article contributes to (1) our understanding of how regulation works in the field of probation and (2) procedural justice theory by exposing the mechanisms that underpin compliance with regulatory regimes in institutional settings.
The Youth Justice Commute (or the Institutional Construction of Youth Transport Poverty)
Authors: Brooks-Wilson Sarah
Published: November 2023

Youth justice commuting problems need better recognition due to the complex dispersal of practice sites and prevalence of characteristics associated with journey barriers. Applying a transport poverty framework to the youth justice population develops adult-focused research and establishes youth transport poverty for the first time. Data from 28 young people and 33 practitioners in two high-deprivation, post-industrial English towns suggests that free transport offers a partial solution. Recommendations indicate that inclusive communication and established education sector policies could support youth justice accessibility, help understand connections between over-representation and commuting problems, and support other contexts like education to employment transitions.
Communicating conviction: A pilot study of patient perspectives on guidance during medical decision-making in the United States
Authors: Celie Karel-Bart , Auslander Allyn , Kuschner Stuart
Published: November 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the difficult task of balancing access to misinformation with respect for patient decision-making. Due to its innate antagonism, the paradigm of “physician paternalism” versus “patient autonomy” may not adequately capture the clinical relationship. The authors hypothesized that most patients would, in fact, prefer significant physician input as opposed to unopinionated information when making medical decisions. There is a lack of empirical data corroborating this in the United States. To that end, a survey was distributed to 650 individuals through Amazon Mechanical Turk, of which 499 responses met pre-determined quality criteria. Most respondents believed their doctor's insight would be better than their own if injured or gravely ill. When asked to affirm preferences separately, a significantly higher proportion of respondents preferred guidance from their doctor when making medical decisions compared to being presented with unopinionated information ( p < 0.001). Encouragingly, 93.1% believed that the doctor's primary goal was their health. When asked directly to compare physician guidance to unopinionated information, 69.1% respondents stated they would prefer physician guidance. We found a consistent association between educational/economic background and affirmative responses ( p < 0.001), suggesting particular attention should be paid to patients that are disadvantaged with respect to these demographic factors. The belief in a shared goal, and a consistent preference for physician input, suggests that patients endorse a more collaborative view of the clinical dynamic than is suggested by the paternalism-autonomy paradigm. This pilot study suggests physicians should not be afraid to communicate conviction with regard to treatment decisions.
Investigating the shear behaviour of high-performance fabrics
Authors: El Messiry Magdi , Eid Elshiamaa , Ayman Yasmin
Published: November 2023

Shear modulus is a critical factor that significantly influences the mechanical properties and overall performance of these textiles. Understanding the mechanics behind fabric performance during forming operations is of paramount importance, especially given the diverse use of various fabric types as key components in composite products. Fabric's ability to undergo shear deformation is a pivotal attribute in forming and facilitating the transformation of 2-dimensional preforms into intricate 3-dimensional structures. In numerous industrial applications, the manufacturing of composite materials heavily relies on carbon and Kevlar fibers. This research investigates the relationship between shear stress and wrinkling in single-layer structures. The investigation involved woven fabrics composed of carbon, Kevlar, and hybrid carbon-Kevlar configurations. The study encompassed an assessment of shear characteristics, wrinkling force, and fabric stiffness for each fabric variant. To comprehensively analyze the intricate interplay among in-plane shear characteristics, fabric parameters, and tow properties in the scope of shear behavior, the study's findings underwent meticulous scrutiny. Selected tow and fabric parameters exhibit a substantial paired association with the fabric shear modulus, a deduction derived from analysis of experimental results. The formulated fabric shear index serves as a valuable tool for categorizing the fabric's response to shear forces. The shear force component that triggers the onset of buckling demonstrates a proportional relationship with the cube root of the fabric shear modulus. This observation sheds light on the intricate connection between shear properties and mechanical behavior, offering valuable insights into the fabric's performance under various conditions.
Wassel VI Thumb Duplication With Triphalangeal Radial and Ulnar Thumbs: Anatomy and Surgical Reconstruction
Authors: Barr Meaghan L. , Jain Nirbhay S. , Jones Neil F.
Published: November 2023

A 6-year-old otherwise healthy girl presented with a Wassel VI duplication of the left thumb metacarpal and triphalangeal radial and ulnar thumbs. The patient underwent successful thumb reconstruction by transposition of the distal ulnar thumb onto the radial thumb metacarpal. To the best of our knowledge, this case report represents the first published anatomical dissection and surgical reconstruction of a Wassel VI duplication with triphalangeal radial and ulnar thumbs.
Changing tides in Zambian television broadcasting: Digital migration and Chinese engagement
Authors: Mambwe Elastus
Published: November 2023

This paper examines the recent shifts and debates in the organization of the television landscape following the implementation of digital migration in Zambia. It ponders Zambia’s experience in the digital migration exercise, playing particular attention to the country’s interaction with the Chinese company, StarTimes. It discusses the implications of this interaction on ownership and control in the new digitalized television landscape, highlighting the political economic implications on the broadcast sector. The paper also highlights various debates relating to local broadcasting policy in a digitalized environment and offers a timely contribution to the growing academic interest in Chinese involvement and interactions with African media.
Walking the walk: Ex-prisoners, lived experience, and the delivery of restorative justice
Authors: Albert Allely
Published: November 2023

Although the role of prisoners and ex-prisoners has recently received significant attention in restorative justice research, the literature typically treats them as the ‘offending’ party within restorative justice processes. This article instead focuses on ex-prisoners as facilitators of restorative justice, highlighting their ability to lead such programmes. Using a case study from Northern Ireland, the article examines the way that experiences of incarceration have directly influenced practitioners’ skills and their ability to uphold restorative justice principles. It is contended that qualities developed and honed in the prison environment ultimately translate to unique characteristics that can improve the restorative process. As such, this research suggests that the future of restorative justice might be greatly enhanced by including ex-prisoners as practitioners.
Partial ectopic posterior pituitary: A rare imaging entity with literature review
Authors: AlHatmi Asma , Raniga Sameer , Al Shidhani Azza , Al-Ajmi Eiman
Published: November 2023

Abnormal development of the posterior pituitary gland can lead to an ectopic location of the neurohypophysis, commonly seen at the median eminence of the hypothalamus or along the infundibular stalk. A partial ectopic posterior pituitary (PEPP) is a very rare variant of the ectopic posterior pituitary, defined as the presence of a double bright spot of neurohypophysis seen in both orthotopic and ectopic locations. We report a two-year-old male toddler with bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia and severe visual impairment who presented to the endocrine outpatient clinic for hypopituitarism evaluation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed a hypoplastic pituitary gland and infundibulum with a double bright spot of neurohypophysis in the expected normal location and along the median eminence. Severe hypoplasia of both optic nerves and the optic chiasm was also seen. Septum pellucidum was present with no evidence of other brain malformations. The findings are in the septo-optic dysplasia spectrum associated with hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction and a very rare entity called PEPP. To our knowledge, only a handful of reported cases of this rare entity exist in the literature.
Questions of cityness at the extensions: Law, discrimination and Cairo’s desert from the lens of Frantz Fanon’s urban passant
Authors: El-Husseiny Momen
Published: November 2023

This commentary engages with the rich conundrum outlined in Simone et al.'s ‘Inhabiting the Extensions’ by extending its prose with the polemics of discrimination, justice, agency and refusal at Cairo's desert extensions. As people fail to redress injustices inherited from the colonial past, haunting their future becoming, questions of cityness prevail as to how extensions re-produce hegemonic experiments albeit in new orientations. In quest of the good life, I posit the urban passant as a politics of agency and postcolonial subjectivity drawn from Frantz Fanon, which elucidates people's tactics, spirals and maneuvers when confronting traditions of the oppressed. The purpose here is to develop a situated liberatory politics from within the middle of things.
Using Grades in Core Curriculum Chain Courses as Predictors of Academic Performance in Subsequent Courses: A Study at Qatar University
Authors: Abdel-Salam Abdel-Salam G. , Ismail Radwa , Rhouma Mohamed , Elatawneh Amal , Al Hazaa Khalifa , Romanowski Michael H.
Published: November 2023

The study aimed to investigate students’ final grades in a linked course or chain course to determine any effect on students’ academic performance in their next linked course. Courses with high D, F, and W grades were selected with their subsequent linked courses to form a chain so that each chain consisted of two courses or more. More specifically, Arabic ( n = 11,780), English ( n = 7,714), and mathematical ( n = 1,367) chains were investigated through the years 2012 to 2016. High positive correlations between the grades of the chain courses and the transitional grade are C. Factors were examined to identify any effects on final grades. Findings indicate that 60% to 75% of low-performing students in one link of any chain will demonstrate low performance in the following link.
Preschool Attendance, School Starting Age and Cultural-Financial Resources as Predictors of Adolescent’s Reading Comprehension: Evidence From PISA 2015 and 2018
Authors: Gür Tekin Esra , Pınar Yunus
Published: November 2023

This study investigated whether there are significant differences between reading achievements of 15-year-old students and starting age for preschool and socioeconomic factors according to the results from the PISA 2015 and 2018. The quantitative results show that there is a clear and statistically significant difference between reading test scores of Turkish students in PISA 2015 and in PISA 2018 according to the variables starting age for preschool education, highest parental educational attainment and the number of books at home. Our quantitative analysis shows that students who attended kindergartens from age four have higher average test scores in reading skills than students who cared for only in homes, either by their parents or by others.
Interpretable Machine Learning Model to Predict Bone Cement Leakage in Percutaneous Vertebral Augmentation for Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fracture Based on SHapley Additive exPlanations
Authors: Hu Yi-Li , Wang Pei-Yang , Xie Zhi-Yang , Ren Guan-Rui , Zhang Cong , Ji Hang-Yu , Xie Xin-Hui , Zhuang Su-Yang , Wu Xiao-Tao
Published: November 2023

Study Design

Retrospective study.

Objectives

Our objective is to create comprehensible machine learning (ML) models that can forecast bone cement leakage in percutaneous vertebral augmentation (PVA) for individuals with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) while also identifying the associated risk factors.

Methods

We incorporated data from patients (n = 425) which underwent PVA. To predict cement leakage, we devised six models based on a variety of parameters. Evaluate and juxtapose the predictive performances relied on measures of discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) methodology was used to interpret model and evaluate the risk factors associated with cement leakage.

Results

The occurrence rate of cement leakage was established at 50.4%. A binary logistic regression analysis identified cortical disruption (OR 6.880, 95% CI 4.209-11.246), the basivertebral foramen sign (OR 2.142, 95% CI 1.303-3.521), the fracture type (OR 1.683, 95% CI 1.083-2.617), and the volume of bone cement (OR 1.198, 95% CI 1.070-1.341) as independent predictors of cement leakage. The XGBoost model outperformed all others in predicting cement leakage in the testing set, with AUC of .8819, accuracy of .8025, recall score of .7872, F1 score of .8315, and a precision score of .881. Several important factors related to cement leakage were drawn based on the analysis of SHAP values and their clinical significance.

Conclusion

The ML based predictive model demonstrated significant accuracy in forecasting bone cement leakage for patients with OVCF undergoing PVA. When combined with SHAP, ML facilitated a personalized prediction and offered a visual interpretation of feature importance.
The impact of MDQ positivity on quality of life impairment: Does it support the hypothesis of “Dysregulation of Mood, Energy, and Social Rhythms Syndrome” (DYMERS)?
Authors: Giovanni Carta Mauro , Kalcev Goce , Scano Alessandra , Aviles Gonzalez Cesar Ivan , Ouali Uta , Pinna Samantha , Carrà Giuseppe , Romano Ferdinando , Preti Antonio , Orrù Germano , Minerba Luigi , Cossu Giulia , Nardi Antonio Egidio , Primavera Diego
Published: November 2023

Background:

DSM-5 separates bipolar (BD) from depressive disorders, but some experts consider BD as part of a spectrum of mood disorders. The interpretation of numerous false positives of BD screened by the Mood Disorders Questionnaire (MDQ) is part of this debate. Recent study results suggest that the worsening of health-related quality of life (H-Qol) associated with MDQ positivity does not depend solely on mood disorders. This study aims to clarify whether the impairment may be due to other concomitant disorders, unrelated to mood disorders, leading to a worsening of H-Qol. Additionally, the study aims to explore if MDQ positivity itself observe clinical significance.

Design and methods:

The study involved pairs of cases (MDQ+) and controls (MDQ−) matched for sex, age, and absence of DSM-IV psychiatric comorbidity. The impact of MDQ positivity on the quality of life in a sample of MDQ+ comorbid with MDD was measured and compared to impact of MDD in other chronic disorders.

Results:

The H-Qol was significantly worse in MDQ+ than in controls (both groups without any psychiatric co-morbidity). The worsening was similar to severe chronic disorders The burden of worsening quality of life due to MDD was mild in another sample of MDQ positives with comorbid MDD.

Conclusion:

The study hypothesizes that MDQ positivity may be related to hyperactivation and dysregulation of rhythms typical of stress disorders. In fact, MDQ+ was found strongly related to sleep disturbances. Future studies could verify if a “Dysregulation of Mood, Energy, and Social Rhythms Syndrome” (DYMERS), causes worsening the H-Qol in MDQ+.