bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrical and magnetoresistive properties of the Ag/La2/3Sr1/3MnO3point-probe contacts
Authors: Černiukė Irina , Vengalis Bonifacas , Steikūnienė Angelė , Grigaliūnaitė-Vonsevičienė Gražina , Oginskis Antanas Kleopas
Published: April 2015

We report electrical and magnetoresistive properties of Ag point-probe contacts formed by attaching the bent Ag wire (∅ = 0.25 mm) to the top of the La2/3Sr1/3MnO3(LSMO) thin film magnetron sputtered at 800 °C on MgO(100) single crystal substrates. Significant contact magnetoresistance values (up to 13% at T = 295 K and μ0H = 0.73 T) have been measured for the Ag/LSMO junctions by applying a 3 point-probe method. The origin of both temperature-dependent resistance and magnetoresistance of the Ag/LSMO contacts has been explained taking into account the dominating role of spreading resistance. It was found that keeping of the films in air for 1 month as well as ultrathin overlayers (d ~ 3–5 nm) of the highly resistive multiferroic BiFeO3magnetron sputtered onto the manganite film resulted in a significant increase of contact resistance and reduced magnetoresistance values.
Nocturnal aerosol particle formation in the North China Plain
Authors: Kecorius Simonas , Zhang Shenglan , Wang Zhibin , Größ Johannes , Ma Nan , Wu Zhijun , Ran Liang , Hu Min , Wang Pucai , Ulevičius Vidmantas , Wiedensohler Alfred
Published: April 2015

New particle formation is one of the major sources of atmospheric aerosol particles. Beside daytime nucleation, nocturnal new particle formation was also found in different regions around the world. Compared with daytime nucleation events, the understanding of nocturnal ones is still sparse. The variety of aerosol particle physico-chemical properties, including particle number size distribution, volatility and hygroscopicity were measured in the North China Plain during July–August 2013. During the observation period, rapid increase in ultrafine particle number concentration was attributed to new particle formation. The nocturnal new particle formation rate was 45 cm–3s–1, which is 1.25 times higher than an observed daytime value. Condensation sink was found to be 0.055 s–1.
Methods for autofluorescence analysis of uterine cavity washings
Authors: Gėgžna Vilmantas , Sladkevičius Povilas , Valentin Lil , Vaitkuvienė Aurelija
Published: April 2015

The diagnostics of endometrial pathology can be done by obtaining information at the molecular level, e. g. using the autofluorescence-based technique. Thus, for the first time an experimental study was performed on waste material of uterine cavity washing specimens to evaluate suitability of the technique for diagnostics. The specimens were obtained from 32 patients who had a conventional uterine hydrosonography procedure. A portable Nd:YAG 355 nm microlaser was used to excite autofluorescence at the point of care. Various algorithms of multivariate curve resolution and artificial neural networks were utilized for spectra analysis. The spectra were classified according to histological and ultrasound diagnosis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to make statistical decisions. The results showed that it was possible to distinguish all compared groups: pathologic vs non-pathologic endometrium (sensitivity 97.3 ± 5.2%, specificity 91.7 ± 7%, AUC (area under the ROC curve) 0.96 ± 0.04), malignant endometrium vs endometrial polyps (sensitivity 100 ± 0%, specificity 92.0 ± 10.6%, AUC = 0.98 ± 0.07), and secretory menstrual cycle phase vs proliferative phase (sensitivity 87.5 ± 13.2%, specificity 94.4 ± 7.4%, AUC = 0.88 ± 0.10). To conclude, uterine cavity washing specimens could be used for endometrial pathology recognition using the autofluorescencebased technique in clinical setting. It will possibly speed up the treatment decision making for endometrial pathology.
Phylogenetic Relationships of the Endemic Sri Lankan Shrew Genera: Solisorex and Feroculus
Authors: Meegaskumbura Suyama , Meegaskumbura Madhava , Schneider Christopher J
Published: April 2015

Sri Lanka has a rich diversity of shrews: ten species in four genera, with two genera and five species endemic to the island. In the current study we use complete cytochrome-b mitochondrial gene sequences to infer the relationships of two Sri Lankan monotypic genera Solisorex and Feroculus. Maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony phylogenetic analyses revealed that Solisorex is an old lineage that forms the sister group to all other crocidurines. In contrast, Feroculus is nested within Suncus.Ceylon Journal of Science (Bio. Sci.) 43 (2): 65-71, 2014
Appreciation and Obituary of Prof. Charles Santiapillai (1944-2014)
Authors: Wijesundara Chaminda S.
Published: April 2015

Ceylon Journal of Science (Bio. Sci.) 43 (2): i-ii, 2014
Weeding Practices Existing in Sri Lankan University Libraries: An analysis of the current situation
Authors: Nawarathne IM , Rathnayake ARMM
Published: April 2015

Weeding is one of the important tasks in managing library collections. The process is a common routine practice in developed countries irrespective of the type of the library. This study was conducted to examine the present situation of book withdrawal procedure in university libraries in Sri Lanka and future development requirements of the same.Chief librarians of all the national universities of the country were consulted for the study and the data were gathered from 15 universities through a self administered questionnaire. No special statistical technique was employed as the whole population was consulted for the study. Except two universities, all the others responded to the questionnaire.The results disclosed that weeding practice in university libraries are with severe discrepancies and need urgent attention. This issue has to be addressed at national level to build up a national de-selection framework with room to address individual institutional requirements.Journal of the University Librarians Association of Sri Lanka. Vol.13 (Issue 1). 2009 13-25
Can sonographic measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter be used to detect raised intracranial pressure in patients with tuberculous meningitis? A prospective observational study
Authors: Sangani Shruti V , Parikh Samira
Published: April 2015

CNS Tuberculosis can manifest as meningitis, arachnoiditis and a tuberculoma. The rupture of a tubercle into the subarachnoid space leads to Tuberculosis Meningitis (TBME); the resulting hypersensitivity reaction can lead to an elevation of the intracranial pressure and hydrocephalus. While bedside optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) ultrasonography (USG) can be a sensitive screening test for elevated intracranial pressure in adult head injury, little is known regarding ONSD measurements in Tuberculosis Meningitis. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine whether patients with TBME had dilation of the optic nerve sheath, as detected by ocular USG performed in the emergency department (ED). Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective, observational study on adult ED patients with suspected TBME. Patients underwent USG measurements of the optic nerve followed by MRI. The ONSD was measured 3 mm behind the globe in each eye. MRI evidence of basilar meningeal enhancement and any degree of hydrocephalus was suggestive of TBME. Those patients without evidence of hydrocephalus subsequently underwent a lumbar puncture to confirm the diagnosis. Exclusion criteria were age less than 18 and obvious ocular pathology. In total, the optic nerve sheath diameters of 25 adults with confirmed TBME were measured. These measurements were compared with 120 control patients. Results: The upper limit of normal ONSD was 4.37 mm in control group. Those patients with TBME had a mean ONSD of 5.81 mm (SD 0.42). These results confirm that patients with tuberculosis meningitis have an ONSD in excess of the control data (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The evaluation of the ONSD is a simple non-invasive and potentially useful tool in the assessment of adults suspected of having TBME.
An evaluation of the reproducibility of landmark identification in traditional versus computer-assisted digital cephalometric analysis system
Authors: Agrawal Manish Suresh , Manish Agrawal Jiwan Asha , Patni Vivek , Nanjannawar Lalita
Published: April 2015

Objective

To determine the reliability of Computer Assisted Digital Cephalometric Analysis System (CADCAS) in terms of landmark identification on the values of cephalometric measurements in comparison with those obtained from original radiographs.

Materials and Methods

The study material consisted of Twenty five lateral cephalograms selected randomly, 16 cephalometric points together with 10 angular and 5 linear cephalometric measurements. The landmarks were manually picked on the tracing & the measurements of X &Y axis done with reference grid. The same tracing was digitized & image loaded in the software (ViewBox 3.1.1) was checked for the magnification (metal ruler) & distortion. The second part of the study compared manual and the CADCAS since the landmarks were manually digitized on screen as against the manually picked ones on the tracing paper. The x and y-coordinates for 16 landmarks were measured, mean and standard deviation calculated, linear and angular measurements compared.

Statistical Analysis

A paired t-test was done to calculate the statistical significance of the differences. Intraclass reliability coefficient (signifying reproducibility) of the variable was recorded. The observations were tabulated and analysis was done using the paired t test at a P value <0.05.

Results

Out of 47 variables looked for, 21 showed statistical significance. Direct digitization onscreen (CADCAS) was the quickest and least tedious method. CADCAS was unreliable with linear measurements involving bilateral structures such as Gonion & Articulare.

Conclusions

Both the methods are equally reliable and reproducible. The intra-class reliability coefficient of all variables differed only slightly, which is not clinically significant.
Evaluating condylar position in different skeletal malocclusion patterns: A cephalometric study
Authors: Hegde Sandesh S. , Revankar Ameet V. , Patil Anand K.
Published: April 2015

Context

The cranial base and variations in its morphology affect the anterior-posterior positioning of jaws causing changes in the glenoid fossa and condylar position.

Aims

To evaluate the condylar position in patients with different skeletal sagittal malocclusion patterns.

Materials and Methods

Pretreatment lateral cephalometric radiographs of 112 subjects (both males and females) were categorized into three classes (Class I, Class II, Class III) based on their ANB angulation and studied for N-S-Ar (saddle angle), S-Ar-Go (articular angle), S-Ar (posterior cranial base length).

Statistical Analysis

Shapiro-Wilk test was done to check for normality of the distribution of values. Groups were evaluated using parametric tests (one-way ANOVA). Significance for all tests was predetermined asP< 0.05.

Results

N-S-Ar and S-Ar-Go and also S-Ar did not vary significantly in all the three classes. N-S-Ar and S-Ar-Go angles have shown a significant negative correlation in all the three classes.

Conclusions

There is no significant difference in condylar position in different skeletal malocclusion patterns. N-S-Ar and S-Ar-Go angles show a negative correlation in any skeletal malocclusion pattern.
Modified hyrax splint for rapid maxillary expansion in esthetically concerned patients
Authors: Sandhu Sarabjeet Singh , Puri Taruna , Sandhu Navreet
Published: April 2015

The orthodontic treatment of Class III malocclusion with a maxillary deficiency is often treated with maxillary protraction either with or without maxillary expansion. The routine procedure for rapid maxillary expansion includes banding on first premolars/first deciduous molars and the permanent first molars. However in some patients who are esthetically very conscious, banding of the first premolar would not be a good esthetic option. So for such circumstances we have designed a modified hyrax splint, which does not need the first premolars to be banded.
Testosterone Replacement and Cardiovascular Safety: No Straight and Narrow!
Authors: Hans Sartaj S. , Dhindsa Sandeep S. , Chemitiganti Rama
Published: April 2015

The past decade has seen a tremendous increase in the number of men treated for hypogonadism with the expectation of symptomatic benefit. However, the long-term cardiovascular safety of testosterone replacement remains unknown because retrospective studies of testosterone replacement have been inconsistent, and definitive, prospective, randomized studies are lacking. The purpose of this review is to critically appraise the studies on testosterone replacement and cardiovascular outcomes.
The Flipped Classroom in Medical Education: Engaging Students to Build Competency
Authors: Hurtubise Larry , Hall Elissa , Sheridan Leah , Han Heeyoung
Published: April 2015

The flipped classroom represents an essential component in curricular reform. Technological advances enabling asynchronous and distributed learning are facilitating the movement to a competency-based paradigm in healthcare education. At its most basic level, flipping the classroom is the practice of assigning students didactic material, traditionally covered in lectures, to be learned before class while using face-to-face time for more engaging and active learning strategies. The development of more complex learning systems is creating new opportunities for learning across the continuum of medical education as well as interprofessional education. As medical educators engage in the process of successfully flipping a lecture, they gain new teaching perspectives, which are foundational to effectively engage in curricular reform. The purpose of this article is to build a pedagogical and technological understanding of the flipped classroom framework and to articulate strategies for implementing it in medical education to build competency.
On the incenters of triangular orbits on elliptic billiards
Authors: Romaskevich Olga
Published: April 2015

We consider 3-periodic orbits in an elliptic billiard. Numerical experiments conducted by Dan Reznik have suggested that the locus of the centers of inscribed circles of the corresponding triangles is an ellipse. We prove this fact by the complexification of the problem coupled with the complex law of reflection.
Berkovich spaces embed in Euclidean spaces
Authors: Hrushovski Ehud , Loeser François , Poonen Bjorn
Published: April 2015

Let

K

be a field that is complete with respect to a nonarchimedean absolute value such that

K

has a countable dense subset. We prove that the Berkovich analytification

V^{\mathrm {an}}

of any

d

-dimensional quasi-projective scheme

V

over

K

embeds in

\mathbb R^{2d+1}

. If, moreover, the value group of

K

is dense in

\mathbb R_{>0}

and

V

is a curve, then we describe the homeomorphism type of

V^{\mathrm {an}}

by using the theory of local dendrites.
Lapų dėmėtligių paplitimas skirtingų veislių cukrinių runkelių pasėliuose
Authors: Baltaduonytė Milda , Dabkevičius Zenonas
Published: April 2015

Cukrinių runkelių pasėlius labiausiai pažeidžia rudmargė (sukėlėjas – Cercospora beticola Sacc.), baltuliai (Ramularia beticola Fautrey & F. Lamb.) ir fomozė (Pleospora betae Björl.), kurios apibendrintai dažnai vadinamos lapų dėmėtligėmis. Kauno augalų veislių tyrimų stotyje 2011 ir 2012 m. augintuose 14 veislių cukrinių runkelių pasėliuose buvo įvertintas šių ligų paplitimas ir intensyvumas. Nustatyta, kad tyrimų metais skirtingose veislėse lapų dėmėtligės pažeidė 35,6–100 % lapų ir intensyvumas svyravo 2,16–19,63 %. Labiausiai runkelius pažeidė rudmargė, kurios intensyvumas – 1,73–16,71 %, mažiau baltuliai – intensyvumas 0,23–1,83 % ir mažiausiai – fomozė, jos intensyvumas tesiekė tik 0,07–0,84 %. Pagal pažeidi­mą la­pų dėmėtligėmis veislės labai skyrėsi. Tyrimų duomenys atskleidė, kad vi­soms gry­bi­nėms lapų dėmėtligėms jautriausios buvo ‘Bartok’, ‘Frieda KWS’, ‘Ja­gu­sia’, ‘Jo­nas’, ‘Minta’, ‘Primadona KWS’, ‘Scorpion’ ir ‘Wapiti’, o atspariausios – ‘Charly’, ‘Gustav’, ‘Eldorado’, ‘Shannon’, ‘Wellington’ ir ‘Zoom’ veislės.
Palankios augalų mitybinės terpės sukūrimas taikant alternatyvias žemdirbystės sistemas
Authors: Masilionytė Laura , Maikštėnienė Stanislava
Published: April 2015

Tyrimų tikslas – nustatyti dirvožemyje biogeninių elementų pokyčius ekologinės žemdirbystės sistemose tręšimui naudojant mėšlą, raudonųjų dobilų biomasę žaliajai trąšai ir jų derinius, o tausojamosiose – mitybos elementų kiekį papildant mineralinėmis trąšomis. Tyrimai atlikti Lietuvos agrarinių ir miškų mokslų centro (LAMMC) Joniškėlio bandymų stotyje 2006–2013  m. sunkaus priemolio giliau karbonatingame giliau glėjiškame rudžemyje (RDg4-k2), Endocalcari-Endohypogleyic Cambisol (CMg-n-w-can), kuriam būdingas mažas fosforingumas ir vidutinis arba didelis kalingumas. Sėjomainos rotacija: paprastasis miežis (Hordeum vulgare L.) + įs. → raudonasis dobilas (Trifolium pratense L.) → paprastasis kvietys (Triticum aestivum L.) → sėjamasis žirnis (Pisum sativum L.). Nustatyta, kad skirtingo humusingumo dirvožemyje, trąšai naudojant raudonųjų dobilų masę, mėšlą 40 Mg kg–1 ar jų derinius po pirmosios 4 laukų rotacijos dirvožemio fosforingumas išliko artimas buvusiam, o po antrosios – nustatytas ženklus sumažėjimas. Tai rodo, kad panaudotų agropriemonių neužteko stabiliam dirvožemio fosforingumui palaikyti. Kalio kiekio neigiami pokyčiai nu­statyti ekologinėje žemdirbystės sistemoje, kurioje trąšai naudota raudonųjų dobilų masė. Tręšimas mėšlu turėjo tendenciją didinti jo kiekį dirvožemyje.
Ekologinio tręšimo įtaka NPK balansui ir maisto medžiagų dinamikai dirvožemyje
Authors: Žėkaitė Vilma , Staugaitis Gediminas , Arbačiauskas Jonas , Pekarskas Juozas , Adomaitis Tomas , Šumskis Donatas , Vaišvila Zigmas
Published: April 2015

Tyrimų tikslas – įvertinti azoto, fosforo ir kalio balansą ekologinėje keturlaukėje sėjomainoje, nustatyti jo įtaką lengvos granuliometrinės sudėties dirvožemio agrocheminėms savybėms bei cheminių elementų išplovimui, įvertinti šios tręšimo sistemos tinkamumą ekologiniam ūkininkavimui. Augalų maisto medžiagų balanso tyrimai ekologinės žemdirbystės sistemoje vykdyti 2006–2009  m. paprastajame, pajaurėjusiame išplautžemyje (IDe-p), smėlingame priemolyje (Hapli-Albic Luvisol (LVa-ha), sandy loam). Dirvožemio ariamojo sluoksnio pHKCl buvo 5,2–6,3; P2O5 190–253; K2O – 134–178 mg kg–1, o humuso – 1,83 %. Lauko sėjomainoje auginti sideraliniai lubinai, žieminiai rugiai, bulvės ir vasariniai miežiai. Ekologinėje žemdirbystės sistemoje, augalus tręšus mėšlu, žaliąja trąša ir šiaudais, taip pat mineralinėmis kalio trąšomis, azoto, fosforo ir kalio balanso pajamos viršijo jų išlaidas atitinkamai 55,6–62,7; 23,3–25,8 ir 107–119 kg ha–1. Rugius, bulves, miežius patręšus ir azoto organine trąša Provita, azoto balanso pajamos viršijo išlaidas net 93,9–103 kg ha–1 ir gerino fosforo bei kalio pasisavinimą. Dėl ekologinių trąšų naudojimo humuso ir judriojo fosforo kiekis per sėjomainos rotaciją dirvožemyje beveik nepakito, o judriojo kalio kiekis padidėjo 47 mg kg–1. Cheminių elementų išplovimas iš dirvožemio didesnis vasaros–rudens nei žiemos–pavasario laikotarpiu. Kiek daugiau išsiplovė kalio, mažiau – azoto, o mažiausiai – fosforo.
The ability to manage self-proposed projects between 1;3 and 2;0 years old: a study of inhibition and resistance to interference
Authors: Pastor-Mallol Estanislao , Santó-Rañé Edith
Published: April 2015

This study examines very young children’s ability to manage self-proposed projects by using the inhibitory function and resistance to interference. In a natural environment and using an observational method, we conducted a longitudinal study of a sample observed at 1;3, 1;6, 1;9 and 2;0 years old. The research was divided into two studies which followed different procedures and looked at the projects carried out, the interferences produced and the functioning of inhibition. We observed significant differences in the execution of inhibition at the different age groups. We also describe general cognitive functions in terms of significant patterns, and determine that the use of inhibition is linked not only to age but also to the activity complexity level and the type of interference. 
Is there a relationship between positive affect and quality of life in colorectal cancer patients?
Authors: Louro André Cardoso , Fernández-Castro Jordi , Blasco Tomás
Published: April 2015

It can be stated from the previous research that positive emotions should allow to better health outcomes in sick populations. The aim of the present work is to know the state-of-the-art of how positive affect relates with quality of life in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, as well as to give some guidelines to develop more efficacious psychological interventions in CRC patients. This review describes a search of published literature through January 2001 to December of 2011 on the Medline, ISI Web of Knowledge, Psycho Inf and Cochrane databases using publications that contain positive emotions, positive affect, psychological interventions, health outcomes, quality of life and cancer. These articleswere classified into two groups: a) “descriptive papers” b) “interventional studies”. Results from “descriptive papers” suggest that positive affect (PA) was significantly associated with greater levels of general health, better social functioning, benefit finding, positive changes, low depression, less anxiety and greater psychological well-being. PA also increases when different activities are developed. The overall results from interventional studies suggest that the interventionsdescribed can be recommended for improving patient´s levels of positive affect. The present review offers some suggestions which could be useful for CRC patients.
Experiencias esquizotípicas en la adolescencia: propiedades psicométricas del Schizotypal Personality Questionnarie-Child
Authors: Fonseca-Pedrero Eduardo , Ortuño-Sierra Javier , Paino Mercedes , Lemos Serafíín , Muñiz José
Published: April 2015

Schizotypal experiences are considered as the behavioral expression of latent vulnerability to the schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. The main goal was to analyze the psychometric quality of Schizotypal Personality Questionnarie-Child (SPQ-C) in non-clinical adolescents. The final sample was comprised of a total of 302 participants, 133 were male, with a mean age of 15.6 years (SD = 1.6). The results showed that schizotypal traits are common among adolescents. Hypothesized dimensional models tested by confirmatory factor analysis, indicated the three-dimensional model (disorganized) was the best fit indices presented in comparison with competing models. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the total score was .88. The dimensions of the SPQ-C showed significant correlations with self-reports that assessed emotional and behavioral problems and perceived stress. No items on SPQ-C showed differential item functioning by gender. The SPQ-C scores showed adequate psychometric properties. Also, schizotypy is a multidimensional construct that can be accurately assessed in adolescents in order to improve early detection strategies in the field of severe mental disorders
Validación de un test para determinar el sesgo atencional en pacientes dependientes de alcohol
Authors: Sanchez-Lopez Alvaro , Quinto-Guillen Rafael , Pérez-Lucas Josefa , Jurado-Barba Rosa , Martínez-Grass Isabel , Ponce-Alfaro Guillermo , Rubio-Valladolid Gabriel
Published: April 2015

Attention bias for alcohol has proved useful to distinguish people with a pathological consumption of people who do not, and dependents who are more likely to fall in consumption. The aim of this study was to validate the Spanish version of the Alcohol Stroop test, designed to evaluate attention biases for alcohol in alcohol-dependent patients. The sample was composed by 173 participants divided into 2 groups: 1) “Patients” (n = 88) meeting criteria for alcohol dependence; and 2) “Control” (n = 85) having a low risk for alcohol consumption, that completed the Stroop color naming Task (Classic Stroop), the Neutral Stroop test and the alcohol Stroop test. Statistically significant differences were found in the interference effects calculated for the Classic and Alcohol Stroop tests. Patients compared to control participants showed a higher interference effect for alcohol-related stimuli than for neutral stimuli. These effects were accounted by an attention bias for alcohol-related information in patients. ROC curves were calculated for the three interference effects, showing an area under the curve statistically significant in the Classic Stroop interference and the Alcohol Stroop interference. This study provides the validation of the Spanish version of the Alcohol Stroop test that allows to evaluate attention biases for alcohol stimuli in individuals with both pathologic alcohol consumption and alcohol dependence.
Satisfacción laboral de los profesionales sanitarios de un Hospital Universitario: análisis general y categorías laborales
Authors: Carrillo-García César , Martínez-Roche María E. , Gómez-García Carmen I. , Meseguer-DePedro Mariano
Published: April 2015

Job satisfaction in health services is measured by the quality of care provided, hence the importance of surveying the workers of health institutions. The objective was to explore and analyze the phenomenon of the satisfaction of working in a sample made up of 546 health professionals belonging to a public University Hospital. Both a socio-demographic questionnaire and General Scale of Satisfaction (Overall Job Satisfacción) that were both validated in Spanish were given to the participants. The results of general satisfaction showed a mean of 71.37 (SD = 14.03). The subscales with better results were: colleagues and immediate superior. There were important differences in satisfaction scores between the different professional categories. The higher levels of general satisfaction were found in hospital management groups and resident doctors, while the lower levels of general satisfaction were found in medical area specialists, nurses and auxiliary nurses.
Validez de constructo interna y externa del AGQ y PTEGQ en español
Authors: Ruiz-Juan Francisco
Published: April 2015

The objective is to analyze the psychometric properties of Achievement Goals Questionnaire (AGQ) and Perceptions of Teachers' Emphasis on Goals Questionnaire (PTEGQ) in Spanish, determining the reliability and construct validity and external validity by understanding that achievement goals and perceived motivational climate in physical education may predict intrinsic motivation and satisfaction in those subjects who exercise at leisure time regularly. Psychometric tests confirm PTEGQ and AGQ have four dimensions that are hypothesized from the original one. It has proved the structural supporting hypothesis that it is based on the principle of compatibility. It has also been demonstrated construct validity and external validity as achievement goals and perceived motivational climate in physical education may predict intrinsic motivation and satisfaction in active subjects. Its reliability has been acceptable
Conducta de exploración, bienestar emocional y calidad del cuidado en educación infantil
Authors: Barandiaran Alexander , Muela Alexander , López de Arana Elena , Larrea Iñaki , Vitoria José R.
Published: April 2015

The aim of this study was to examine the relation between the process and the structural childcare quality and children exploration behaviour in infant centres. The study also examines how the quality affects the relation between children´s wellbeing and exploration. 206 children of 40 classrooms of 20 day care centres were included in the sample together with the teacher of each classroom. The children´s age range was between 37 and 64 months (M = 50.96, SD = 6.54). Results indicated that children with more sensitive teachers showed higher exploration. However, there was no moderate effect of the sensitivity concerning the positive relation between exploration and well-being. Finally, although to a lesser extent, some factors associated to structural quality also influenced exploration.
Hacia la validez de constructo en contextos no estandarizados de evaluación.
Authors: Holgado-Tello Francisco P. , Chacón-Moscoso Salvador , Barbero-García Isabel , Vila-Abad Enrique , Delgado Begoña , Sanduvete-Chaves Susana
Published: April 2015

Program evaluation is usually applied to non-standardized intervention contexts. This implies, among others, deficiencies of: a) validated theoretical models; b) non-standard measurement instruments; c) reliable measures. In this work, we show that Factor Analysis with polychoric correlations and Multilevel Analysis could be an adequate procedure to gain construct validity evidence in non-standard evaluative contexts, where the measures are not quantitative and usually are nested. The empirical study is carried out on a sample of 2754 workers of the University of Seville. They have completed a satisfaction questionnaire about training courses aimed to prepare them for the correct performance of their jobs. We highlight the complementarities between both analytical techniques to study the differential variability provided by explained variables nested in different hierarchical level to predict the perceived satisfaction.
Still seeking for an explanation of the Sequential Compatibility Effect
Authors: Privado Jesús , Botella Juan , Suero Manuel , Quiroga Mª Ángeles , Colom Roberto
Published: April 2015

Themodulation of the Compatibility Effect(CE) according to the compatibility of the previous trial (Sequential Compatibility Effect, SCE) in three types of attentionaltasks is explored. Flankers tasks involve higher cognitive complexity than theSimon task. In all three tasks it is analyzed whether the SCE varies when thestimuli in consecutive trials are exactly the same (pure replicas) or not. Thedata, collected from three independent samples (total N = 1,159), show the CE inthe three tasks. However, SCE only shows up in the low complexity task (Simontask). The effect is smaller albeit still significant when the pure replicatrials are removed, a result inconsistent with those of Mayr et al. (2003) andHommel (1998) but consistent with the ConflictTheory (Botvinick et al., 2001). Furthermore, the absence of SCE in morecomplex cognitive tasks is inconsistent with the perspective of Botvinick etal. (2004) since greater complexity should be reflected in a greater presenceof cognitive conflict, and therefore a higher SCE.
Perfiles motivacionales en estudiantes españoles de Ecuación Secundaria Obligatoria: Análisis diferencial en autoatribuciones académicas
Authors: Inglés Cándido J. , Martínez-Monteagudo María C. , García-Fernández José M. , Valle Antonio , Núñez José C. , Delgado Beatriz , Torregrosa María S.
Published: April 2015

Academic goals and academic self-attributions are relevant variables in school settings. The objective of this study is to identify whether there are combinations of multiple goals that lead to different motivational profiles and to determine whether there are significant differences between the groups obtained regarding causal attributions of success and failure (ability, effort, or external causes) in Mathematics and Language and Literature, and in overall academic performance. The Goal Achievement Tendencies Questionnaire (AGTQ) and the Sydney Attribution Scale (SAS) were administered to a sample of 2022 students of compulsory secondary education, ranging in age from 12 to 16 years (M = 13.81, SD = 1.35). Cluster analysis identified four motivational profiles: a group of students with a high generalized motivation profile, a group of students with low generalized motivation profile, a group of students with predominance of learning goals and achievement goals, and a final group of students with predominance of social reinforcement goals. Results revealed statistically significant differences between the profiles obtained in academic self-attributions.
Validez estructural de un cuestionario para medir comportamientos eficaces en los equipos de trabajo
Authors: Bonavia Tomas , Molina J. Gabriel , Puchol Amparo
Published: April 2015

We present a study of the structural validity of the questionnaire proposed by Philip R. Harris (1995; Spanish translation by the Centro de Estudios Ramón Areces, 2001) aimed to assess the effectiveness of the individual behavior of people working in a team. The instrument was applied to a sample of 771 employees from different teams existing in several organizations dedicated to the care of dependent adults. The completion of the exploratory factor analysis revealed a three-dimensional factor structure that explained 63.2% of the total common variance. The three factors identified in the analysis were labelled Communication skills, Emotional expression and Acceptance. Philip R. Harris proposed an interpretation of the test responses for each one of the questionnaire items separately; however, our results support obtaining of scores on the three factors extracted, which represent relevant dimensions in the study of the skills that the components of an effective team should possess.
S’exposer aux aléas. Essai sur les risques du rapport esthétique et politique
Authors: Gendron-Blais Hubert
Published: April 2015

La notion de risque occupe une place fondamentale dans les créations artistiques soucieuses des manifestations politiques qui les bordent, les transforment et qu'elles engendrent. Il s'agit en ce sens de comprendre le risque à travers les rapports qui viennent lier esthétique et politique, en faisant du même coup appel à la philosophie, à la sociologie, aux communications et à l'histoire. Dans cette perspective, le risque sera d'abord abordé sous ses dimensions intersubjectives : risque d'affronter le chaos, risque de destruction sans bornes, voire même d'autodestruction, mais aussi risque d'égocentrisme et d'incompréhension. Par la suite, une attention soutenue sera accordée au risque inhérent au hasard, à l'imprévisibilité constitutive des effets politiques de l'oeuvre : risques de récupération, d'instrumentalisation propagandiste ou pédagogique, etc. Ainsi, nous tenterons de voir, à travers cet essai, en quoi le risque vient périlleusement lier art et communication, et donc comment une compréhension des risques encourus en art comme en politique peut contribuer aux diverses démarches d'émancipation.
Les Morisques : loyaux sujets ou maladie de la République ?
Authors: Ducharme Bernard
Published: April 2015

Cet article propose l’étude des discours sur le risque représenté par la présence en Espagne d’une population de baptisés vivant selon les principes de l’islam : les Morisques. Les débats sur la conversion, puis l’expulsion des Morisques d’Espagne tentaient d’évaluer le danger qu’ils pouvaient représenter. Danger spirituel pour ceux en charge de la santé des âmes, danger d’attirer la colère divine sur le royaume en raison de leur présence, danger qu’ils s’allient avec les ennemis de l’Espagne. Au contraire, ceux qui s’opposèrent à l’expulsion des Morisques argumentaient qu’on risquait la colère divine pour n’avoir pas eu foi en leur conversion prochaine, ou qu’il s’ensuivrait un appauvrissement de l’Espagne. Le texte de l’expulsion des Morisques décrétée en 1609 par le roi Philippe III résume bien les divers aspects du débat.
Risquer sa vie pour sauver des âmes : les dangers de la conversion religieuse dans les premières missions en Livonie
Authors: Provost-Brien Louis
Published: April 2015

La mission chrétienne ne fut pas toujours tournée vers l’intégralité de l’Europe. On ne voulait à la base qu’évangéliser les peuples ayant appartenu à l’Empire romain. Cependant, il advint que le champ apostolique s’élargit, entre autres vers la Livonie au XIIe siècle. Conséquemment, il est justifié de se demander ce qui poussa les missionnaires à partir vers ces contrées. Pour expliquer ce phénomène, il faut d’abord définir les risques encourus par ceux-ci lors des missions, qu’ils soient environnementaux ou humains. Puis, il faut expliquer ce qui, dans l’évolution du christianisme, poussa ces hommes à évangéliser les autres.
Une convergence entre la question sociale et la question nationale ? Le parcours militant de Richard Hudon
Authors: Gagnon Andréane
Published: April 2015

Ce texte porte sur le parcours militant et intellectuel de Richard Hudon, un Franco-Ontarien qui a joué un rôle clé dans la mobilisation et la conscientisation des ouvriers et des ouvrières de la région de Prescott-Russell au cours des années 1980. Plus particulièrement, cet article s’intéresse au rôle qu’a joué Hudon durant la grève d’Amoco en 1980 qui, selon notre étude, peut être considérée comme un événement marquant à l’origine de plusieurs initiatives qui ont cherché à faire converger la question sociale et la question nationale en Ontario français.
Neural tuning matches frequency-dependent time differences between the ears
Authors: Benichoux Victor , Fontaine Bertrand , Franken Tom P , Karino Shotaro , Joris Philip X , Brette Romain
Published: April 2015

The time it takes a sound to travel from source to ear differs between the ears and creates an interaural delay. It varies systematically with spatial direction and is generally modeled as a pure time delay, independent of frequency. In acoustical recordings, we found that interaural delay varies with frequency at a fine scale. In physiological recordings of midbrain neurons sensitive to interaural delay, we found that preferred delay also varies with sound frequency. Similar observations reported earlier were not incorporated in a functional framework. We find that the frequency dependence of acoustical and physiological interaural delays are matched in key respects. This suggests that binaural neurons are tuned to acoustical features of ecological environments, rather than to fixed interaural delays. Using recordings from the nerve and brainstem we show that this tuning may emerge from neurons detecting coincidences between input fibers that are mistuned in frequency.
Ultra yüksek sicakliğa dayanikli seramik malzemeler: tantalyum karbür (tac)
Authors: ALTUNCU Ekrem , ESEN Sevim Gökçe
Published: April 2015

Özet

Ultra yüksek sıcaklık seramikleri(UHTC); sahip oldukları yüksek sertlik, aşınma direnci yanında çok yüksek sıcaklıklarda çalışma atmosferine olan dayanımları nedeniyle özellikle uzay ve havacılık sektörlerinde kullanım potansiyeli yüksek olan ileri teknolojik seramik esaslı malzeme sınıfıdır. UHTC genel olarak 4. ve 5. grup metal (M:Ta, Ti, Hf gibi) elementlerinin karbürlü(MC), nitrürlü(MN), oksitli (MO) ve borürlü (MB) bileşiklerinden oluşmaktadır. Tantalyum Karbür (TaC)esaslı seramikler, hem yüksek sıcaklık dirençleri ve kararlılıkları hem de yüksek sıcaklıklarda üstün mekanik özellikleri nedeniyle en fazla ilgiyi üzerine çeken refrakter asıllı bir seramik malzemelerden bir tanesidir. Bu çalışmada, Tantalyum Karbür esaslı seramik malzemelerin yüksek sıcaklık koşullarında faz ve kristal yapısı, Ta/C bileşim oranına bağlı olarak mekanik, elektriksel ve termal özelliklerin değişimi karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. TaC esaslı seramiklerin uygulama potansiyeli araştırılmıştır..
N‐loss isotope effects in the Peru oxygen minimum zone studied using a mesoscale eddy as a natural tracer experiment
Authors: Bourbonnais Annie , Altabet Mark A. , Charoenpong Chawalit N. , Larkum Jennifer , Hu Haibei , Bange Hermann W. , Stramma Lothar
Published: April 2015

Mesoscale eddies in Oxygen Minimum Zones (OMZs) have been identified as important fixed nitrogen (N) loss hotspots that may significantly impact both the global rate of N‐loss as well as the ocean's N isotope budget. They also represent “natural tracer experiments” with intensified biogeochemical signals that can be exploited to understand the large‐scale processes that control N‐loss and associated isotope effects (ε; the ‰ deviation from 1 in the ratio of reaction rate constants for the light versus heavy isotopologues). We observed large ranges in the concentrations and N and O isotopic compositions of nitrate (NO3−), nitrite (NO2−), and biogenic N2 associated with an anticyclonic mode‐water eddy in the Peru OMZ during two cruises in November and December 2012. In the eddy's center where NO3− was nearly exhausted, we measured the highest δ15N values for both NO3− and NO2− (up to ~70‰ and 50‰) ever reported for an OMZ. Correspondingly, N deficit and biogenic N2‐N concentrations were also the highest near the eddy's center (up to ~40 µmol L−1). δ15N‐N2 also varied with biogenic N2 production, following kinetic isotopic fractionation during NO2− reduction to N2 and, for the first time, provided an independent assessment of N isotope fractionation during OMZ N‐loss. We found apparent variable ε for NO3− reduction (up to ~30‰ in the presence of NO2−). However, the overall ε for N‐loss was calculated to be only ~13–14‰ (as compared to canonical values of ~20–30‰) assuming a closed system and only slightly higher assuming an open system (16–19‰). Our results were similar whether calculated from the disappearance of DIN (NO3− + NO2−) or from the appearance of N2 and changes in isotopic composition. Further, we calculated the separate ε values for NO3− reduction to NO2− and NO2− reduction to N2 of ~16–21‰ and ~12‰, respectively, when the effect of NO2− oxidation could be removed. These results, together with the relationship between N and O of NO3− isotopes and the difference in δ15N between NO3− and NO2−, confirm a role for NO2− oxidation in increasing the apparent ε associated with NO3− reduction. The lower ε for N‐loss calculated in this study could help reconcile the current imbalance in the global N budget if representative of global OMZ N‐loss.
Early sedimentation and deformation in the Kumano forearc basin linked with Nankai accretionary prism evolution, southwest Japan
Authors: Ramirez Sebastian G. , Gulick Sean P. S. , Hayman Nicholas W.
Published: April 2015

Early forearc basin sedimentation and subsidence appear to be linked with convergent margin evolution, yet they do not follow predictable spatiotemporal patterns. In the Kumano basin of southwest Japan, 3‐D seismic mapping of major unconformities, combined with biostratigraphic age constraints from two Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) drill sites illustrates the development of several tectonostratigraphic packages during early evolution and initial creation of accommodation space in the forearc basin. Between ∼3.8 Ma and ∼2.06 Ma, a series of slope basins developed between thrust‐anticlines oriented along a plate convergence‐perpendicular axis. A thin and sheet‐like interval, likely slope‐cover, unconformably overlies the slope basin sediments. Deposition of this interval at IODP Site C0009 lasted from ∼2.06 Ma until between ∼1.24 Ma and ∼1.34 Ma and was partly coeval with the early upper Kumano basin sedimentary packages. Landward, postdating the slope‐cover sediments, a third sedimentary package was deposited before ∼0.9 Ma. This section correlates with an interval rich in terrigenous material (e.g., woody debris), indicating a possible distinct source or sediment routing system. Our work supports the idea that early forearc basin sediments may be deposited in an actively deforming outer wedge environment and that the outer‐to‐inner wedge transition of the lower forearc basin is likely a multistage process. The unsteady spatiotemporal nature of inner‐outer wedge coupling may lead to erratic stratigraphic patterns, such as have been observed in forearc basins worldwide.
Seagrass metabolism across a productivity gradient using the eddy covariance, Eulerian control volume, and biomass addition techniques
Authors: Long Matthew H. , Berg Peter , Falter James L.
Published: April 2015

The net ecosystem metabolism of the seagrass Thalassia testudinum was studied across a nutrient and productivity gradient in Florida Bay, Florida, using the Eulerian control volume, eddy covariance, and biomass addition techniques. In situ oxygen fluxes were determined by a triangular Eulerian control volume with sides 250 m long and by eddy covariance instrumentation at its center. The biomass addition technique evaluated the aboveground seagrass productivity through the net biomass added. The spatial and temporal resolutions, accuracies, and applicability of each method were compared. The eddy covariance technique better resolved the short‐term flux rates and the productivity gradient across the bay, which was consistent with the long‐term measurements from the biomass addition technique. The net primary production rates from the biomass addition technique, which were expected to show greater autotrophy due to the exclusion of sediment metabolism and belowground production, were 71, 53, and 30 mmol carbon m−2 d−1 at 3 sites across the bay. The net ecosystem metabolism was 35, 25, and 11 mmol oxygen m−2 d−1 from the eddy covariance technique and 10, −103, and 14 mmol oxygen m−2 d−1 from the Eulerian control volume across the same sites, respectively. The low‐flow conditions in the shallow bays allowed for periodic stratification and long residence times within the Eulerian control volume that likely reduced its precision. Overall, the eddy covariance technique had the highest temporal resolution while producing accurate long‐term flux rates that surpassed the capabilities of the biomass addition and Eulerian control volume techniques in these shallow coastal bays.
Inorganic carbon system dynamics in landfast Arctic sea ice during the early‐melt period
Authors: Brown Kristina A. , Miller Lisa A. , Mundy C. J. , Papakyriakou Tim , Francois Roger , Gosselin Michel , Carnat Gauthier , Swystun Kyle , Tortell Philippe D.
Published: April 2015

We present the results of a 6 week time series of carbonate system and stable isotope measurements investigating the effects of sea ice on air‐sea CO2 exchange during the early melt period in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Our observations revealed significant changes in sea ice and sackhole brine carbonate system parameters that were associated with increasing temperatures and the buildup of chlorophyll a in bottom ice. The warming sea‐ice column could be separated into distinct geochemical zones where biotic and abiotic processes exerted different influences on inorganic carbon and pCO2 distributions. In the bottom ice, biological carbon uptake maintained undersaturated pCO2 conditions throughout the time series, while pCO2 was supersaturated in the upper ice. Low CO2 permeability of the sea ice matrix and snow cover effectively impeded CO2 efflux to the atmosphere, despite a strong pCO2 gradient. Throughout the middle of the ice column, brine pCO2 decreased significantly with time and was tightly controlled by solubility, as sea ice temperature and in situ melt dilution increased. Once the influence of melt dilution was accounted for, both CaCO3 dissolution and seawater mixing were found to contribute alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon to brines, with the CaCO3 contribution driving brine pCO2 to values lower than predicted from melt‐water dilution alone. This field study reveals a dynamic carbon system within the rapidly warming sea ice, prior to snow melt. We suggest that the early spring period drives the ice column toward pCO2 undersaturation, contributing to a weak atmospheric CO2 sink as the melt period advances.