bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tendon-to-Bone Healing in a Rat Extra-articular Bone Tunnel Model: A Comparison of Fresh Autologous Bone Marrow and Bone Marrow–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Lu Jun , Chamberlain Connie S. , Ji Ming-liang , Saether Erin E. , Leiferman Ellen M. , Li Wan-Ju , Vanderby Ray
Published: July 2019

Background:

Despite widespread acceptance of fresh autologous bone marrow (BM) for use in clinical practice, limited information exists to analyze if tendon-to-bone healing could be accelerated with local use of fresh autologous BM.

Purpose:

To investigate the effect of fresh autologous BM on tendon-to-bone healing with a novel rat model.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

An extra-articular bone tunnel was created and filled with an autologous tendon graft in skeletally mature Sprague-Dawley rats (N = 60). They were then randomly divided into 3 groups: BM group (injection of fresh autologous BM into the tendon-bone interface, n = 20), BM-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) group (injection of allogenic cultured BMSCs, n = 20), and the control group (tendon-bone interface without injection of BM or BMSCs, n = 20). Biomechanical, histological, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed at 2 and 6 weeks after surgery.

Results:

The BM group showed a relatively well-organized and dense connective tissue interface with better orientation of collagen fibers as compared with the BMSC group. At 2 weeks, the tendon-bone interface tissue thickness of the BMSC group was 140 ± 25 μm (mean ± SEM), which was significantly greater than the BM group (58 ± 15 μm). The BM group showed fewer M1 macrophages at the tendon-bone interface at 2 and 6 weeks ( P < .001). In contrast, there were more M2 macrophages at the interface in the BM group 2 and 6 weeks postoperatively when compared with controls and the BMSC group ( P < .001). Biomechanical tests revealed significantly higher stiffness in the BM group versus the control and BMSC groups at 2 and 6 weeks after surgery ( P < .05). Load to failure showed similar trends to stiffness.

Conclusion:

These findings indicate that local delivery of fresh autologous BM enhances tendon-to-bone healing better than the alternative treatments in this study. This effect may be partially due to the observed modulation of inflammatory processes, especially in M2 macrophage polarization.

Clinical Relevance:

Fresh autologous BM could be a treatment option for this disorder.
“St. Mary’s Is Gay-Town”: Girls’ Perceptions of Same-Sex Sexual Behavior in Juvenile Residential Treatment
Authors: Panfil Vanessa R. , Peterson Dana
Published: July 2019

Understanding lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB) girls’ experiences in juvenile residential facilities is essential for working toward their fair and affirming treatment, but other girls’ perceptions of “gay girls” in juvenile facilities also contribute to the treatment environment. Drawing from interviews with a sample of 59 girls in a juvenile residential treatment center serving delinquent, status offending, and maltreated youth in upstate New York, we explore girls’ perceptions of same-sex sexual behavior in that setting to illuminate dynamics and their implications for treatment experiences. Opinions ranged from negative perceptions expressed by self-identified straight and LGB girls, to matter-of-fact descriptions that were more neutral, to positive affirmations sometimes containing anti-staff sentiments. These perceptions indicate the complicated nature and consequences of youth–youth and youth–staff interactions around this issue.
The Relationship Between Childhood Adversity and Other Aspects of Clinical Complexity in Psychiatric Outpatients
Authors: Maunder Robert G. , Wiesenfeld Lesley , Lawson Andrea , Hunter Jonathan J.
Published: July 2019

Childhood abuse, neglect, and loss are common in psychiatric patients, and the relationship between childhood adversity and adult mental illness is well known. However, beyond diagnoses that are specifically trauma-related, such as posttraumatic stress disorder, there has been little research on how childhood adversity contributes to complex presentations that require more intensive treatment. We examined the relationship between childhood adversity and other contributors to clinical complexity in adult outpatients seeking mental health assessment. In a cross-sectional study, patients completed standard measures of psychological distress and functional impairment. Psychiatrists completed an inventory of clinical complexity, which included childhood abuse, neglect, and loss. Of 4,903 patients seen over 15 months, 1,315 (27%) both consented to research and had the measure of complexity completed. Childhood abuse or neglect was identified in 474 (36.0%) and significant childhood loss in 236 (17.9%). Correcting for multiple comparisons and controlling for psychiatric diagnosis, age, and sex, patients with childhood abuse or neglect were significantly more likely to also have 11 of 31 other indices of clinical complexity, with odds ratios ranging from 1.7 to 5.0. Both childhood abuse or neglect and childhood loss were associated with greater overall complexity (i.e., more indices of complexity, χ2 = 136 and 38 respectively, each p < .001). Childhood abuse and neglect (but not childhood loss) were significantly associated with psychological distress (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale [K10] score, F = 6.2, p = .01) and disability (World Health Organization Disability Assessment Scale 2.0 [WHODAS 2.0] score, F = 5.0, p = .03). Childhood abuse and neglect were associated with many characteristics that contribute to clinical complexity, and thus to suboptimal outcomes to standard, guideline-based care. Screening may alert psychiatrists to the need for intensive, patient-centered, and trauma-informed treatments. Identifying childhood adversity as a common antecedent of complexity may facilitate developing transdiagnostic programs that specifically target sources of complexity.
Condom Social Marketing Effects in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review Update, 1990 to 2019
Authors: Sweat Michael D. , Yeh Teresa , Kennedy Caitlin , O’Reilly Kevin , Armstrong Kevin , Fonner Virginia
Published: July 2019

Objective:

To update the prior systematic review from studies published in the past 9 years that examine the effects of condom social marketing (CSM) programs on condom use in low- and middle-income countries.

Data Sources:

PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Sociological Abstracts, and EMBASE. Hand searching of AIDS, AIDS and Behavior, AIDS Care, and AIDS Education and Prevention.

Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria:

(a) Published from 1990 to January 16, 2019, (b) low- or middle-income country, (c) evaluated CSM, (d) analyses across preintervention to postintervention exposure or across multiple study arms, (e) measured condom use behavior, and (f) sought to prevent HIV transmission.

Data Extraction:

Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, 2 reviewers extracted citation, inclusion criteria, methods, study population, setting, sampling, study design, unit of analysis, loss to follow-up, comparison group characteristics, intervention characteristics, and eligible outcome results.

Data Synthesis:

The 2012 review found 6 studies (combined N = 23 048). In a meta-analysis, the pooled odds ratio for condom use was 2.01 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.42-2.84) for the most recent sexual encounter and 2.10 (95% CI: 1.51-2.91) for a composite of all condom use outcomes. Studies had significant methodological limitations. Of 518 possible new citations identified in the update, no new articles met our inclusion criteria.

Conclusions:

More studies are needed with stronger methodological rigor to help provide evidence for the continued use of this approach globally. There is a dearth of studies over the past decade on the effectiveness of CSM in increasing condom use in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC).
Examining the Associations of Smoking Behavior and Obesity Among Older Adults in China: Should We Consider Food Consumption Behaviors?
Authors: Lee Yen-Han , Chang Yen-Chang , Shelley Mack , Liu Ching-Ti
Published: July 2019

Objective: This research investigates the associations between smoking frequency and body mass index (BMI) among older adults in China with and without the inclusion of food consumption behaviors. Method: Applying three waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (2009, 2012, and 2014), with 12,312 observations from 4,104 participants, gender-stratified panel ordered logistic regressions were performed. Food consumption included intake frequency and types of fruits, vegetables, staple food, cooking oil, and meat. Results: Among male older adults, more frequent smoking behavior was associated with lower BMI with the inclusion of food consumption behaviors. However, more frequent smoking behavior was not associated with BMI among female participants with the inclusion of food consumption behaviors. Former smoking status was not associated with BMI in all models. Discussion: The findings suggest the need of food consumption behaviors when researchers study the associations between smoking frequency and obesity. Gender gaps also should be considered.
Separate Contribution of Striatum Volume and Pitch Discrimination to Individual Differences in Music Reward
Authors: Hernández Mireia , Palomar-García María-Ángeles , Nohales-Nieto Benito , Olcina-Sempere Gustau , Villar-Rodríguez Esteban , Pastor Raúl , Ávila César , Parcet Maria-Antònia
Published: July 2019

Individual differences in the level of pleasure induced by music have been associated with the response of the striatum and differences in functional connectivity between the striatum and the auditory cortex. In this study, we tested whether individual differences in music reward are related to the structure of the striatum and the ability to discriminate pitch. We acquired a 3-D magnetization-prepared rapid-acquisition gradient-echo image for 32 musicians and 26 nonmusicians who completed a music-reward questionnaire and a test of pitch discrimination. The analysis of both groups together showed that sensitivity to music reward correlated negatively with the volume of both the caudate and nucleus accumbens and correlated positively with pitch-discrimination abilities. Moreover, musicianship, pitch discrimination, and caudate volume significantly predicted individual differences in music reward. These results are consistent with the proposal that individual differences in music reward depend on the interplay between auditory abilities and the reward network.
A new methodology for preliminary design of centrifugal impellers with prewhirl
Authors: Li Xiaojian , Zhao Yijia , Liu Zhengxian , Chen Hua
Published: July 2019

The overall trend of centrifugal compressor design is to strive for high aerodynamic performance and high flow capacity products. A new methodology is derived to implement a preliminary design for high flow capacity centrifugal impeller with and without prewhirl. First, several new non-dimensional equations connecting impeller geometric and aerodynamic parameters are derived for the maximum flow capacity. The effects of prewhirl on mass flow function, inlet diameter ratio and work coefficient are discussed, respectively. Then, based on these equations, a series of design diagrams are drawn to extract the universal rules in centrifugal impeller design with prewhirl. Some physical limits of design maps are also discussed. Finally, the throat area of impeller is discussed under prewhirl, and the matching principle between prewhirl impeller and vaned diffuser is derived and validated. The proposed method can be used to design a new centrifugal compressor, or to evaluate the design feasibility and the challenge of a given design specification.
Pre-Columbian agriculture, fire, and Spanish contact: A 4200-year record from Laguna Los Mangos, Costa Rica
Authors: Johanson Erik N , Horn Sally P , Lane Chad S
Published: July 2019

We present a lake-sediment record of pre-Columbian agriculture and fire history from the lowlands of southern Pacific Costa Rica that captures the arrival of maize agriculture at ca. 3360 cal yr BP in the Diquís subregion of the Gran Chiriquí archeological region. Our 4200-year record from Laguna Los Mangos begins 1000 to 2000 years earlier than other lake records from the region and provides the first microfossil and geochemical evidence of vegetation and fire prior to the establishment of maize agriculture. This early portion of the record shows evidence of fire events associated with land clearance or field preparation and maintenance for subsistence activities. Alternatively, these were wildfires ignited unintentionally by people or naturally by lightning or volcanism. Evidence of early maize by ca. 3200 cal yr BP was found at Laguna Zoncho in the southeastern section of the Diquís subregion. Our discovery of early maize agriculture at ca. 3360 cal yr BP in the Laguna Los Mangos watershed in the northwestern portion of the Diquís subregion indicates a rapid adoption of maize agriculture in the region after initial introduction. Pre-Columbian agriculture and fire activity at Los Mangos is nearly continual until historic times, but with a decline after ca. 1170 cal yr BP, coincident with the early Terminal Classic Drought (TCD). We infer a pronounced drying of the lowland environment at Laguna Los Mangos based on a depositional hiatus in the record at ca. 950 during late TCD. Agricultural proxies indicate reduced watershed activity during the ‘Little Ice Age’ following Spanish contact in southern Central America until the 20th century.
Mediating Role of Individual Market Orientation in Emotional Intelligence and Job Performance Relationship for Banking Industry
Authors: Sendaro Abdallah A. , Baharun Rohaizat
Published: July 2019

This empirical article fills the research gap by testing individual market orientation as a mediator in the relationship between the emotional intelligence (EI) and individual performance of operational employees in banking industry. Data were gathered from a survey of 10 banks, from which 188 respondents filled the questionnaires for this study. To decide on the sample size for this study, the G*power software was used to calculate the minimum sample size required. The study analyzed data using structural equation model (SEM) and specifically the partial least square-based structural equation modelling. Two stages of analysis were conducted: the measurement model and the structural model. The results indicate that market orientation has a significant impact on individual performance in which it has provided enough evidence to support the hypothesis that the employees with individual market orientation in the organization perform better. Consistently, the market orientation significantly mediates the relationship between EI and individual performance. The research is expected to contribute in threefold: increase the literature database regarding the antecedents of individual market orientation, change the way we perceive the relationship between EI and performance by introducing individual market orientation as a mediator and lastly, assist the decisions of managers in the organization and provide the basis for future researchers.
Introduction to Special Issue—Norwegian Voices: Postmethodologies Becoming Imperceptible
Authors: Reinertsen Anne B.
Published: July 2019

This is a collection of articles from different authors within different Research Fields. What they have in common is compassion for expanding and exploring qualitative research methodologies.
Port-a-Cath device: A solution for peritoneal dialysis patients with exhausted access
Authors: Sosa Barrios R Haridian , Burguera Vion Victor , Ortego Pérez Sofia , Coronas Yael , Campillo Trapero Cristina , Fernandez Lucas Milagros , Rivera Gorrin Maite E
Published: July 2019

With aging population and chronic kidney disease burden increasing worldwide, the need for renal replacement therapy is rising and our patients are getting more complex due to comorbidities and long-standing kidney disease. Deteriorated vascular capital is a frequent feature we have to deal with these days, making even obtaining routine blood tests a hard task. We present two case reports of peritoneal dialysis patients without a peripheral vein access were a Port-a-Cath (Port-a-Cath® Deltec® Smiths Medical) was placed to sort out long-term access. Port-a-Cath manipulation was simple, safe and had no complications neither at implantation nor during its use. We believe that Port-a-Cath placement is an option to be considered when coping with end-stage venous access.
How do resistance training and balance and motor control training affect gait performance and fatigue impact in people with multiple sclerosis? A randomized controlled multi-center study
Authors: Callesen Jacob , Cattaneo Davide , Brincks John , Kjeldgaard Jørgensen Marie-Louise , Dalgas Ulrik
Published: July 2019

Background:

Despite a shared purpose of improving functional capacity, the principles of progressive resistance training (PRT) and balance and motor control training (BMCT) are fundamentally different.

Objectives:

To investigate the effects of PRT and BMCT on gait performance and fatigue impact in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS).

Methods:

A multi-center, single-blinded, cluster-randomized controlled trial with two intervention groups (PRT and BMCT) and a control group (CON). The interventions lasted 10 weeks. A total of 71 participants with impaired mobility (Timed 25-Foot Walk (T25FW) > 5 seconds or Six Spot Step Test (SSST) > 8 seconds) were enrolled. Primary outcomes were the T25FW and the SSST. Fatigue impact, self-perceived gait function, 6-minute walk, balance, and muscle strength were secondary outcomes.

Results:

In total, 83% completed the study. The primary comparisons showed that BMCT, but not PRT, improved T25FW, SSST, and self-perceived gait function when compared to CON. Secondary comparisons showed that BMCT improved SSST more than PRT, while T25FW did not differ. Both BMCT and PRT reduced the fatigue impact. Finally, the effect of BMCT was superior to PRT on dynamic balance, while PRT was superior to BMCT on knee extensor muscle strength.

Conclusion:

BMCT, but not PRT, was superior to CON in improving gait performance, while both BMCT and PRT reduced fatigue.
Operative Outcomes of Concomitant Minimally Invasive Mitral and Tricuspid Valve Surgery
Authors: Kilic Arman , Szeto Wilson Y. , Atluri Pavan , Acker Michael A. , Clark Hargrove W.
Published: July 2019

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the addition of concomitant tricuspid valve surgery (TVS) negatively impacted operative outcomes of minimally invasive mitral valve surgery (MIMVS).

Methods

Patients undergoing MIMVS via a port-access right minithoracotomy between 2002 and 2014 at a single institution were reviewed. Patients were primarily stratified by those undergoing isolated MIMVS versus MIMVS+TVS. Propensity-matched cohorts were generated. Operative outcomes were compared between the propensity-matched cohorts and included operative mortality, complications, and length of hospital stay.

Results

A total of 1,158 patients underwent MIMVS via port-access right minithoracotomy. The majority of cases were elective (93%; n = 1,071) and 148 (13%) underwent concomitant MIMVS + TVS. Patients undergoing MIMVS + TVS were at higher risk at baseline. After propensity-matching, there were 119 isolated MIMVS and 119 MIMVS + TVS patients that were well matched with respect to all baseline variables. Cardiopulmonary bypass (148 ± 54 minutes versus 175 ± 54 minutes, P < 0.001) and aortic occlusion times (105 ± 36 minutes versus 128 ± 40 minutes, P < 0.001) were longer in the MIMVS + TVS group. Operative mortality was comparable (3% isolated MIMVS versus 4% for MIMVS + TVS; P = 0.73). Permanent pacemakers were required less frequently in the isolated MIMVS group (1% versus 6%; P = 0.03). All other complication rates were similar. Median length of hospital stay (7 versus 8 days; P = 0.13) and discharge-to-home rates (89% versus 94%; P = 0.15) were comparable.

Conclusions

Despite longer operative times, minimally invasive TVS performed concomitantly with MIMVS has similar operative outcomes with the exception of a higher pacemaker rate when compared with isolated MIMVS.
Positionality and Power: Reflexivity in Negotiating the Relationship Between Land-Lost Farmers and the Local Government in China
Authors: Lian Hongping
Published: July 2019

Reflexivity has gained a vital role in qualitative research. Distinct from the extant global literature that explores reflexivity conceptually or practically, gaps are found in China studies and the Chinese literature, where the discussion of reflexivity remains in the conceptual realm while falling short of practical terms. Doing reflexivity entails the self-reflection of the researcher as well as the reflection of the research participants. This article aims to deal with the following questions: What are the respective positions of the researcher and the research participants, and how do they relate to each other? How do such positions and their relatedness affect the research processes and products? Such are the issues of positionality and power. There are studies that focus on either positionality or power, respectively. What remains underdiscussed is the complexities incurred by the combination of positionality and power when the relationship between two distinct actors is concerned, especially in the Chinese context. To fill these gaps, this article focuses on the practice of reflexivity in a case study on the relationship between land-lost farmers and the local government in China. Specifically, the core questions regarding positionality and power—of myself and of the research participants—are discussed in terms of how to manage the role of the researcher, how to treat participants’ utterances, and how to manage the power relation between the researcher and the researched as well as the power relations in the field. A key finding is that being reflexive about positionality and power not only substantiates an understanding of China studies for global researchers but also situates the understanding of reflexivity, positionality, and power in a wider global framework, while highlighting the distinctiveness of the interrelated positionality and power in the Chinese context.
Efficiency versus social justice? Teachers’ roles in the epoch of globalisation
Authors: Hajisoteriou Christina , Angelides Panayiotis
Published: July 2019

The literature portrays globalisation as a ‘Janus-like phenomenon’, implying that it has two ‘heads’ like the mythical giant Janus; beyond the rise of hyber-liberalism, xenophobia and socio-economic inequity, globalisation has also humanistic and democratic elements. In this context, a global agenda of social justice and equity of educational opportunity appears to be counteracted by global discourses of neoliberalism, which are embedded in international performance indicators, and international tests and scores. Apparently, teachers in the era of globalisation are assigned with diverse, and often ‘unbalanced’, social and professional roles. In such a context, this article aims to address the following question: What roles are teachers called to play in the epoch of globalisation? In this article, we acknowledge that global preoccupation with efficiency and performance has contributed to the development a managerialist model of education causing the de-professionalisation of teachers. Such model has in turn restricted teachers’ opportunities to mediate social justice. Nonetheless, what we conclude is that teachers are not ‘trapped’ in a trade-off between efficiency and equity. Even if we accept that neoliberalism is an inevitable top-down policy framework, neoliberal settings can still provide spaces for teachers to act as democratic agents by developing autonomous, active and collegial professional identities. However, this article concludes that teachers working in solidarity in local/global coalitions may counteract the hegemony of neoliberalism by bringing bottom-up structural transformation towards social justice, equity and diversity recognition.
Bioactive Compounds and Health Benefits of Artemisia Species
Authors: Nigam Manisha , Atanassova Maria , Mishra Abhay P. , Pezzani Raffaele , Devkota Hari Prasad , Plygun Sergey , Salehi Bahare , Setzer William N. , Sharifi-Rad Javad
Published: July 2019

Artemisia L. is a genus of small herbs and shrubs found in northern temperate regions. It belongs to the important family Asteraceae, one of the most numerous plant groupings, which comprises about 1000 genera and over 20000 species. Artemisia has a broad spectrum of bioactivity, owing to the presence of several active ingredients or secondary metabolites, which work through various modes of action. It has widespread pharmacological activities and has been used as traditional medicine since ancient times as an anthelmintic, antispasmodic, antirheumatic, and antibacterial agent and for the treatment of malaria, hepatitis, cancer, inflammation, and menstrual-related disorders. This review comprises the updated information about the ethnomedical uses and health benefits of various Artemisia spp. and general information about bioactive compounds and free radicals.
Does Higher Religiosity Translate into Higher Institutional Quality? Evidence From 98 Countries
Authors: Evrensel Ayse Y. , Sened Itai
Published: July 2019

This article examines whether individuals’ higher moral values stemming from higher religiosity lead to higher institutional quality at the country level. Based on the data from World Values Survey (WVS, 1980-2014) with 343,440 respondents, the results indicate that higher religiosity is associated with lower justifiability of corrupt behavior such as cheating on taxes, receiving false government benefits, and taking bribes. However, at the level of 98 countries from which the respondents in the WVS stem, higher religiosity seems to have an adverse effect on institutional quality as measured in corruption control, executive constraints, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, and the rule of law. Therefore, higher religiosity and moral standards at the respondent level may not translate into higher institutional quality at the country level. We discuss possible reasons for this discrepancy.
Does Financial Permeation Promote Economic Growth? Some Econometric Evidence From Asian Countries
Authors: Siddik Md. Nur Alam , Ahsan Tanveer , Kabiraj Sajal
Published: July 2019

This study endeavors to explore whether financial permeation stimulates economic growth in Asian region. To answer this, we collect data of 24 Asian economies for the duration of 2004 to 2016 and apply panel unit root, Granger causality, and regression techniques. The regression results controlled for country and time effects reveal that various indicators of financial permeation have substantial positive impact on the economic growth of Asian economies. Based on the findings of Granger causality, we find that financial permeation as well as economic openness has mutual causalities with economic growth. Therefore, it seems rational to conclude that financial permeation has positive impact on the economic growth in Asian economies. We also find a negative impact of financial crisis (2007-2008) on economic growth of Asian countries.
Health-Care Administrator Perspectives on Prevention Guidelines and Healthy Lifestyle Counseling in a Primary Care Setting in New York State
Authors: Sorensen Julie , Johansson Helene , Jerdén Lars , Dalton James , Sheikh Henna , Jenkins Paul , May John , Weinehall Lars
Published: July 2019

Introduction:

The incidence of chronic disease and treatment costs have been steadily increasing in the United States over the past few decades. Primary prevention and healthy lifestyle counseling have been identified as important strategies for reducing health-care costs and chronic disease prevalence. This article seeks to examine decision-makers’ experiences and self-perceived roles in guideline and lifestyle counseling implementation in a primary care setting in the United States.

Methods:

Qualitative interviews were conducted with administrators at a health-care network in Upstate New York and with state-level administrators, such as insurers. Decision-makers were asked to discuss prevention guidelines and healthy lifestyle counseling, as well as how they support implementation of these initiatives. Interviews were analyzed using a thematic analysis framework and relevant sections of text were sorted using a priori codes.

Results:

Interviews identified numerous barriers to guideline implementation. These included the complexity and profusion of guidelines, the highly politicized nature of health-care provision, and resistance from providers who sometimes prefer to make decisions autonomously. Barriers to supporting prevention counseling included relatively time-limited patient encounters, the lack of reimbursement mechanisms for counseling, lack of patient resources, and regulatory complexities.

Conclusions:

Our research indicates that administrators and administrative structures face barriers to supporting prevention activities such as guideline implementation and healthy lifestyle counseling in primary care settings. They also identified several solutions for addressing existing primary prevention barriers, such as relying on nurses to provide healthy lifestyle support to patients. This article provides an important assessment of institutional readiness to support primary prevention efforts.
Cardiac Orienting to Auditory Stimulation in the Fetus
Authors: Krueger Charlene , Garvan Cynthia
Published: July 2019

The objective of this study was to longitudinally evaluate the cardiac response to auditory stimulation in fetuses born during their 28th gestational week. A longitudinal, within-subjects design allowed for interpretations of the cardiac response tracked from 28 to 38 weeks gestational age (GA). All mothers recited a short passage from 28 to 34 weeks GA, and their fetuses were tested at 28, 32, 33, and 34 weeks GA. Following discontinuation of maternal recitation at 34 weeks GA, testing continued at 36 and 38 weeks GA. Experimental subjects were tested with a recording of a female stranger speaking the assigned passage and control subjects tested with a novel passage. The cardiac response was evaluated visually and statistically based on the magnitude and duration of the changes in heart rate. Visually, the cardiac response transitioned from a minimal magnitude (<5 beats per minute) with short duration (<5 seconds) cardiac deceleration in both experimental and control subjects during testing from 28 to 38 weeks GA and was confirmed statistically. For all experimental subjects, however, a long duration or sustained (>5 seconds) cardiac deceleration of greater magnitude (>5 beats per minute) was detected during 34-, 36-, or 38-week test session and was confirmed using a computational algorithm in SAS. Further investigation into additional forms of auditory stimulation at different developmental time periods is needed.
Exploring the Role of Project Management in Product Development of New Technology-Based Firms
Authors: Sońta-Drączkowska Ewa , Mrożewski Matthias
Published: July 2019

This article explores the role of project management in the product development of new technology-based firms (NTBFs). For this qualitative study, we conducted a series of semi-structured in-depth interviews with 36 NTBFs. Consequently, we discovered a set of practices that are applied in the new product development (NPD) process and, based on entrepreneurs’ perceptions, link them to the success dimensions of NTBFs. Our findings indicate that entrepreneurs apply Lean startup and agile approaches to project management to a large extent. Moreover, we identify key contingencies for approach selection and propose a framework for NPD in an entrepreneurial context. The study contributes to the literature by integrating project management, new product development, and entrepreneurial perspectives.
Comparative Analysis of Public Knowledge Bases for Precision Oncology
Authors: Pallarz Steffen , Benary Manuela , Lamping Mario , Rieke Damian , Starlinger Johannes , Sers Christine , Wiegandt David Luis , Seibert Marc , Ševa Jurica , Schäfer Reinhold , Keilholz Ulrich , Leser Ulf
Published: July 2019

PURPOSE

Precision oncology depends on the availability of up-to-date, comprehensive, and accurate information about associations between genetic variants and therapeutic options. Recently, a number of knowledge bases (KBs) have been developed that gather such information on the basis of expert curation of the scientific literature. We performed a quantitative and qualitative comparison of Clinical Interpretations of Variants in Cancer, OncoKB, Cancer Gene Census, Database of Curated Mutations, CGI Biomarkers (the cancer genome interpreter biomarker database), Tumor Alterations Relevant for Genomics-Driven Therapy, and the Precision Medicine Knowledge Base.

METHODS

We downloaded each KB and restructured their content to describe variants, genes, drugs, and gene-drug associations in a common format. We normalized gene names to Entrez Gene IDs and drug names to ChEMBL and DrugBank IDs. For the analysis of clinically relevant gene-drug associations, we obtained lists of genes affected by genetic alterations and putative drug therapies for 113 patients with cancer whose cases were presented at the Molecular Tumor Board (MTB) of the Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center.

RESULTS

Our analysis revealed that the KBs are largely overlapping but also that each source harbors a notable amount of unique information. Although some KBs cover more genes, others contain more data about gene-drug associations. Retrospective comparisons with findings of the Charitè MTB at the gene level showed that use of multiple KBs may considerably improve retrieval results. The relative importance of a KB in terms of cancer genes was assessed in more detail by logistic regression, which revealed that all but one source had a notable impact on result quality. We confirmed these findings using a second data set obtained from an independent MTB.

CONCLUSION

To date, none of the existing publicly available KBs on gene-drug associations in precision oncology fully subsumes the others, but all of them exhibit specific strengths and weaknesses. Consideration of multiple KBs, therefore, is essential to obtain comprehensive results.
Retained Perineural Catheter: A Sentinel Case Report
Authors: Khan Mohammad Z. , Ince Ilker , Ali Sakr Esa Wael , Turan Alparslan
Published: July 2019

We report the rare complication of a retained peripheral nerve block catheter (PNBC). A 45-year-old man with intractable postamputation phantom limb pain was treated with continuous infusions via femoral and sciatic peripheral nerve catheters. The catheters were removed by an emergency department physician 2 days after placement. Five months later, the patient presented with a discharging sinus from the sciatic nerve catheter site. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was inconclusive. Surgical exploration showed 15 cm of retained peripheral nerve catheter, which was removed.
Intravenous Ketamine as an Adjunct for Pachyonychia Congenita–Associated Pain: A Case Report
Authors: Paul Jed M. , Orlovich Daniel S. , Patton John W. , Qian Xiang
Published: July 2019

Pachyonychia congenita (PC) is a rare, inherited disorder of keratin filaments characterized by palmoplantar hyperkeratosis, keratoderma, and extreme pain. Management is largely symptomatic and typically involves multimodal pain control strategies. Here, we report the treatment of one 21-year-old man’s refractory neuropathic PC pain with a 4-day inpatient ketamine infusion. Within 1 night of beginning treatment, his pain diminished to a 0/10 without any adverse effects, with effects lasting 2 weeks. No reported PC pain regimens have made use of intravenous ketamine; thus, we suggest recurrent ketamine infusions as an additional option in the multimodal pain regimen for patients with PC.
Disgusting Affects from the Antinomian Controversy to the Antiabortion Movement
Authors: Farrell Molly
Published: July 2019

Focusing on disgust opens up critical paths that involve more expansive scopes of space and time than are possible with strictly historicist approaches to Puritan studies. This essay investigates the remarkably similar tactics for inducing disgust in narratives from the 1640s of the antinomians’ monstrous births and in the US Senate floor debate of the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act just before the Iraq War in 2003. In both instances, rhetoric comparing familiar bodies to unfamiliar corporeal forms conjures powerful feelings of disgust that legitimize intervention. These powerful affective tactics help identify “rogues” to be eradicated—either colonial rogues, a “rogue procedure,” or a “rogue state”—hardening the border-focused feelings of disgust into hegemonic control. The essay concludes by taking a cue from the Puritans about embracing the inevitability of encountering disgusting feelings alongside wondrous ones, as well as inspiration from testimonies of abortion providers in the years immediately following Roe v. Wade, and arguing that critical attention to disgust enables the possibility of imagining a multiplicity of responses to different forms of embodiment.
Donna Tartt’s Dostoevsky: Trauma and the Displaced Self
Authors: Corrigan Yuri
Published: July 2019

This essay explores Donna Tartt’s adaptation of Fyodor Dostoevsky’s novels The Adolescent, The Idiot, and The Brothers Karamazov in The Goldfinch as a guide to understanding Dostoevsky’s unorthodox and theologically inflected theory of trauma. The essay argues that both authors approach traumatic memory through the ancient folkloric archetype of the “external soul” (the inner essence displaced into external objects for safekeeping) and conceive of the healing process as the attempt to bring the externalized soul—and its unwanted memories—back into the body. This motif allows both writers to reimagine the concept of the soul in modern secular terms: in Tartt’s conception of post-traumatic “soul loss” as a critical stage in the moral and aesthetic education of the self, and in Dostoevsky’s view of wounded memory as opening up the self to the more expansive, overwhelming trauma of religious experience. Tartt’s use of Dostoevsky in The Goldfinch underscores the Russian author’s value to contemporary trauma studies as an alternative to the prevailing canon.
Thresholds of the Novel: Realism, the Inhuman, the Ethical in J. M. Coetzee'sFoe
Authors: Bolin J. S.
Published: July 2019

The end of a novel is the site of particular epistemic privilege. If the form is governed by a biographical master plot, the “meaning of the life,” as Benjamin has it, is “revealed only in [the] death” that is the plot's narrative limit—and beyond this limit “the novelist . . . cannot hope to take the smallest step.” Such a limit is seemingly crossed in one of the most difficult and quite possibly the strangest of passages in J. M. Coetzee's fiction: the ending of Foe. This book's self-conscious re-presentation of the origins of the English novel (and of Defoe's inauguration of the genre's biographical pattern) culminates in a surreal encounter that Coetzee's readers have claimed limns a restorative justice or a utopic futurity. But these interpretations ignore the text's insistence on a silence that overwhelms language, the specter of mass death, and a summative darkness that attend upon this place. What might it mean, in fact, for Foe's ending to cross the Novel's thresholds only to stage a total “blackout” of the realist novel's meaning-producing mechanism and the story of individual experience the genre has valorized? This article draws on Coetzee's unpublished notebooks and the Foe ur-text to argue that the novel proposes an impossible crossing, whereby key strategies we have used to value the genre—its capacity to summon countervoices or to invoke an ethical response to alterity—are shadowed by a radical question about the limits of our readerly attention.
Between Image and Erasure
Authors: Coates Oliver
Published: July 2019

Approximately 73,290 West Africans traveled to South Asia during World War II, but relatively little is known about their activities on the subcontinent. The photographs of African soldiers in India published in the British Army’s RWAFF News, a Bombay-printed newspaper specifically designed for West African troops overseas, provide a rare and little-known insight into the lives of African soldiers in India. Existing accounts of African military service in India often outline the soldiers’ experience of India in only very general terms and typically privilege the combat experience of troops in Burma. The images described in this brief article reveal a very different face of African overseas military service: they depict a group of soldiers visiting the Taj Mahal and encountering the Mughal monument. Although published and choreographed by the British, these images reflect a moment of South-South encounter between West Africans and India’s Islamic history.
Visibly Trans?
Authors: Mills Robert
Published: July 2019

What happens when medieval depictions of gender-crossing saints get refracted through a transgender prism? Focusing on objects and artifacts associated with St. Eugenia of Rome, this article considers the extent to which medieval artists confronted the genderqueer potential of Eugenia's legend. Often the saint was overtly feminized, patently obscuring her road to sanctity as a gender crosser. But sometimes the crossing itself was rendered at least partially visible—notably in scenes representing the moment when, after a period living as a male monk, Eugenia is placed on trial and forced to reveal her “true” identity as a woman. Some depictions of Eugenia may therefore resonate with more recent expressions of queer and trans identity. This prompts critical reflection on the concepts of passing and trans visibility in histories of transgender.
Glands, Eugenics, and Rejuvenation inMan into Woman
Authors: Amin Kadji
Published: July 2019

This article argues that Lili Elbe has been misrecognized as transsexual, just as Man into Woman (1933) has been misread as a transsexual autobiography. It proposes instead that we understand those who sought transition during the first decades of the twentieth century according to early endocrinological understandings of ovarian or testicular grafting as a means of rejuvenation, or of intersex conditions as the origins of both homosexuality and gender variance, as belonging to the prehistory of transsexuality. The article understands “prehistory” not as the stable foundation of contemporary transsexuality or transgender identity but as the crystallization, in a different form, of something whose various elements will eventually shift, be rejected, and/or fuse with new particles to compose what we now know as “transgender.” Prehistory is thus genealogical in the Foucauldian sense. Exploring a disturbing genealogy of transgender that is implicated in eugenics, rather than recovering transgender figures in history, broadens understandings of what medical transition meant in the recent past. More importantly, it centers for transgender history the intertwined biopolitical genealogies of transgender and homosexuality alike.
DDX56 inhibits type I interferon by disrupting assembly of IRF3–IPO5 to inhibit IRF3 nucleus import
Authors: Li Dan , Fu Shaozu , Wu Zhengqian , Yang Wenping , Ru Yi , Shu Hongbing , Liu Xiangtao , Zheng Haixue
Published: July 2019

Transcription factor IRF3-mediated type I interferon induction plays a role in antiviral innate immunity. However, mechanisms for the control and regulation of IRF3 nuclear import remain largely unknown. We have identified DEAD box polypeptide 56 (DDX56) as a negative regulator of virus-triggered IFN-β induction. Overexpression of DDX56 suppressed nuclear translocation of IRF3 via disrupting the IRF3–IOP5 interaction, whereas knockdown or knockout of DDX56 had the opposite effect. In addition, the interaction between DDX56 and IRF3 increased during viral infection. We further found that the D166 site of DDX56 was essential for inhibiting IRF3 import into the nucleus. Our findings suggest that DDX56 regulates antiviral innate immunity by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of IRF3, revealing a novel mechanism of the DDX56-mediated innate antiviral response.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Estimating Sedentary Time from a Hip- and Wrist-Worn Accelerometer
Authors: MARCOTTE ROBERT T. , PETRUCCI GREG J. , COX MELANNA F. , FREEDSON PATTY S. , STAUDENMAYER JOHN W. , SIRARD JOHN R.
Published: July 2019

Purpose

This study aimed to determine the validity of existing methods to estimate sedentary behavior (SB) under free-living conditions using ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers (AG).

Methods

Forty-eight young (18–25 yr) adults wore an AG on the right hip and nondominant wrist and were video recorded during four 1-h sessions in free-living settings (home, community, school, and exercise). Direct observation videos were coded for postural orientation, activity type (e.g., walking), and METs derived from the Compendium of Physical Activities, which served as the criterion measure of SB (sitting or lying posture, <1.5 METs). Thirteen methods using cut points from vertical counts per minute (CPM), counts per 15-s (CP15s), and vector magnitude (VM) counts (e.g., CPM1853VM), raw acceleration and arm angle (sedentary sphere), Euclidean norm minus one (ENMO) corrected for gravity (mg) thresholds, uni- or triaxial sojourn hybrid machine learning models (Soj1x and Soj3x), random forest (RF), and decision tree (TR) models were used to estimate SB minutes from AG data. Method bias, mean absolute percent error, and their 95% confidence intervals were estimated using repeated-measures linear mixed models.

Results

On average, participants spent 34.1 min per session in SB. CPM100, CPM150, Soj1x, and Soj3x were the only methods to accurately estimate SB from the hip. Sedentary sphere and ENMO44.8 overestimated SB by 3.9 and 6.1 min, respectively, whereas the remaining wrist methods underestimated SB (range, 9.5–2.5 min). In general, mean absolute percent error was lower using hip methods compared with wrist methods.

Conclusion

Accurate group-level estimates of SB from a hip-worn AG can be achieved using either simpler count-based approaches (CPM100 and CPM150) or machine learning models (Soj1x and Soj3x). Wrist methods did not provide accurate or precise estimates of SB. The development of large open-source free-living calibration data sets may lead to improvements in SB estimates.
Redefining Workplace Wellness: Wearable Technology and Corporate Wellness
Authors: S K Priyadharshini
Published: July 2019

The recent advancements in wearable technology have changed the way we look at health and wellness. This new age development has made its way into the world of corporate and given the benefits, it is meant to stay there for some time. These technologies have been increasingly incorporated in the corporate wellness initiatives with a focus on improving the overall health and wellness of the employees. There are many advantages to a healthy workforce including increased productivity and lower health insurance premiums. A growing trend in corporate wellness programs is to offer wearable fitness trackers to employees to help them monitor their activities so that they can make better choices about their health and lifestyle. This article explores the current trend in the corporate wellness initiatives and also discusses the benefits, barriers and threats of this new age development.