bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innovative Strategies for Cultivating Journalism and Communication Talents in the All-Media Era Based on the Light GBM Model
Authors: Pan Yan
Published: July 2023

Under the development background of digitalization of big data and information, artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things are rising like mushrooms. It is difficult for the traditional journalism communication teaching mode in colleges and universities to keep pace with the development of the times, and there are several problems in the traditional teaching methods, such as teaching being too rigid, lack of personalized teaching, and teaching means being too backward. This paper focuses on the innovative strategy of journalism communication talents training in the era of full media based on Light GBM model. Firstly, we understand the principle and construction idea of Light GBM model by viewing the information, comparing the difference between XG Boost algorithm and Light GBM two algorithms, analyzing the advantages and limitations of Light GBM, optimizing the algorithm by establishing the hyperparameters of Light GBM model under grid search algorithm, understand the teaching status of college journalism broadcasting majors through survey and analysis, based on Light model under the analysis of feedback to propose targeted innovation strategies, 30 times ten-fold hierarchical cross-validation study of the three algorithms. The mean and standard deviation results of 11 dichotomous classification models accuracy and F1 values under the three algorithms were compared. The results show that in 11 sets of dichotomous data sets, the optimized Light GBM algorithm has 9 sets of experimental accuracy wins and 7 sets of experimental F1 values wins, with 81.8% accuracy and 63.6% of F1 values wins. The optimized Light GBM algorithm had seven experiments that beat the other two groups of algorithms in comparing the accuracy and F1 value. This study can accurately predict students’ learning behaviors to improve the professional performance of journalism and communication students in a targeted manner and has a reference value for the innovation of journalism and communication teaching mode in colleges and universities in the context of big data and all-media era, and this study has great historical significance for the development of Chinese journalism industry.
Study of trip card data analysis system under big data
Authors: Sun Manman , Gui Jie
Published: July 2023

Digital technologies such as the Internet, big data, cloud computing, mobile communication, and artificial intelligence have played an important role in the prevention and control of this new crown epidemic. Driven by big data technology, collaborative governance in the digital era has injected new dynamics for collaborative governance in the general sense, especially in this new crown epidemic prevention and control shows a different governance logic from the past, and the refinement and extraction of this governance logic is the key to enhance the ability of new crown epidemic prevention and control. Compared with the previous model in which a single governmental governance body played a role. In this paper, the necessity of building a big data analysis system is clarified by analyzing the limitations of the data analysis means of the existing trip code system. The overall epidemic prevention advantage of adopting the big data trip code policy has increased by 51.95% for regions with high crisis risk level and strong economic power, such as Guangdong, Zhejiang and Shanghai, which need to face the risk spread from domestic and imported risks under the big data trip code control, the increase of new cases compared to the previous comparison has decreased by 68.5%, which can visually see the big data trip code epidemic prevention We can visually see the effectiveness of big data trip codes in preventing the epidemic and making excellent contributions to the global fight against the epidemic.
Alternatywna broń ogniowa epoki bizantyńskiej
Authors: Suszczenia Paweł
Published: July 2023

Tekst przedstawia propozycję rozwikłania niejasności w kwestii broni ogniowej czasów bizantyńskich. Propozycją tą jest możliwość wykorzystywania przez Bizantyńczyków rozwiązań starożytnych, mianowicie broni ogniowej znanej od czasów wojny peloponeskiej. Zaproponowana hipoteza została skonfrontowana ze źródłami zawierającymi opisy broni ogniowej. Uwzględnia też wiodący dyskurs w tej materii oraz inne alternatywy, nie wykluczając ich, a jedynie poszerzając dotychczasowe założenia o nową możliwość.
Application of ultrasound in germinated soybean tempe protein concentrate production with various types of solvents
Authors: Prayudani A.P.G. , Winarsih W. , Subarna  , Syamsir E. , Astawan M.
Published: July 2023

Tempe is a traditional Indonesian fermented food that has high protein content. It has been known as a source of bioactive compounds, such as peptides and isoflavones, which contribute to immune health. Therefore, tempe has the potential to be processed into raw materials for food and supplement products, such as protein concentrate. In this study, the tempe was made using germinated and non-germinated soybeans. Tempe protein concentrate production process was carried out by removing the fat in tempe flour by conventional and ultrasound-assisted extraction methods using two types of solvents: ethanol and hexane. This research aimed to compare the physicochemical characteristics of the protein and concentrates on obtaining the optimum treatment with the highest protein content. The results showed that ultrasound-assisted extraction using hexane significantly improved fat extraction, resulting in protein concentrate with higher protein content. Germinated soybean tempe protein concentrate extracted using hexane had the best protein concentrate, which consisted of the highest protein content (72.8%), brightness value (L*) 84.3, whiteness index 81.3, bulk density 0.5 g/mL, and angle of repose of 29.4o. The germination process in soybean improved the protein content of the concentrate as the result of other components’ degradation into energy required for new protein synthesis.
The positive effect of designing a gas fired reverberatory furnace in recycling aluminum scraps in our environment
Authors: Agatovure Ohwojero Benedict  , Agatovure Ohwojero Bernard
Published: July 2023

A furnace is a device for high furnace heating, through (fuel or gas combustion, co-generation, electric or induction). A gas fired reverberator furnace was designed,a reverberator furnace is mainly used for the extraction of tin, copper, aluminum and nickel metals as well as in the production of certain concretes and cements. It is a metallurgical or process furnace that isolates the materials being processed from contact with fuel, but not from contact with combustion gases.The furnace was fired with liquefied petroleum gas (butane) at a constant temperature of 660.3 degrees was maintained in order to melt metals efficiently. The reverberator furnace side walls were lined with refractory bricks and glass fibers to reduce heat loss to the amount. The device was observed to use only one-third(1/3) of the time used by the conventional bituminous coal charged. Addition of oxygen enhances the combustion rate, thereby reducing the time in melting. An efficiency of about 76% was obtained from design analysis as melted scraps were used in the production of simple tools.
Laser heating effect on Raman analysis of CO2 co-existing as liquid and vapor in olivine-hosted melt inclusion bubbles
Authors: DeVitre Charlotte L. , Dayton Kyle , Gazel Esteban , Pamukçu Ayla , Gaetani Glenn , Wieser Penny E.
Published: July 2023

Raman spectroscopy has become the tool of choice for analyzing fluid inclusions and melt inclusion (MI) vapor bubbles as it allows the density of CO2-rich fluids to be quantified. Measurements are often made at ambient temperature (Tamb ~18-25 °C), resulting in reported bulk densities between 0.2 and 0.7 g/mL despite that single-phase CO2 under these conditions is thermodynamically unstable and instead consists of a liquid (~0.7 g/mL), and a vapor phase (~0.2 g/mL). Here, we present results from experiments conducted at Tamb and 37 °C (above the CO2 critical temperature) on 14 natural CO2-rich MI bubbles from Mount Morning, Antarctica. Here, we show that at Tamb, laser power strongly affects the CO2 Raman spectrum of MI bubbles with bulk densities within the miscibility gap. High-power laser heating and low spectral resolution explain why published measurements have reported such bulk densities at Tamb even when using an instrument-specific calibration.
Research Notes: Comparing Jewish Anarchist Mutual Aid Initiatives in Montreal and Toronto: The Role of Cooperation
Authors: Chomard Maria Tarasova
Published: July 2023

Constituting an important element of the Canadian Jewish diaspora, although relatively overlooked by the historiography, the Jewish anarchist movement was instrumental in operating two mutual aid initiatives in eastern Canada in the first half of the twentieth century. Based in Montreal and Toronto, these initiatives and the communities overseeing them were largely inspired by the anarchist humanitarian work for the benefit of political prisoners. The latter was heralded by the universal anarchist Emma Goldman, a frequent visitor of Canada. Locally, however, both groups were rooted in a complex relational network, ranging from the predominantly socialist Jewish organization Workmen’s Circle (Arbeiter Ring) to Zionist milieux and smaller anarchist communities mainly of Russian and Italian origin. Drawing on archival findings from the Jewish collections of Montreal and Toronto, as well as testimonies and scholarship on Jewish radicalism in Canada, the article ambitions to measure the limits of this multi-scale cooperation and its consequences for the local anarchist presence. Through a comparative analysis of the Montreal and Toronto movements, the study attempts to explain the differences in their evolution, as well as to identify the possible, only partly overlapping reasons for their decline circa 1940.
In Search for Common Ground: Canadian Studies in Contemporary Russia
Authors: Poplyansky Michael
Published: July 2023

This article offers a survey of the Russian scholarly literature devoted to Canada over the last twenty years. It is based on a bibliography, comprising nearly 2000 entries, which includes the works of scholars who have published in the leading Russian academic journals devoted (at least in part) to Canada. We conclude that Canada remains a significant topic of study in Russia; scholars do not limit themselves to the relationship between the two countries; they are equally interested in elements of the Canadian experience (the history of colonization, federalism, language contact, multiculturalism, among others) that have particular relevance for contemporary Russia. Despite significant geopolitical differences between the two countries, members of the Russian Canadian studies community continue to look to Canada as, at least in certain respects, a model for their own society. This article illustrates, therefore, not only the way in which Canada is perceived abroad but also the ideological pluralism that existed in Russia, at least until 2022.
Kekerasan dalam Agama dan atas Nama Agama: Fenomena Idiologi Keagamaan berbasis Radikalisme dan Terorisme di Indonesia
Authors: Madnur Madnur
Published: July 2023

This paper examines violence within religion and in the name of religion and how it relates to the phenomena of acts of violence, radicalism, and terrorism that have occurred in Indonesia. Religious teachings with nuances of violence are always an excuse for taking actions outside of spiritual and human reason. This causes the good values in religion, which are considered sacred, to be tarnished and even becomes a turning point for the religion itself. Acts of violence, radicalism, and terrorism that have occurred in Indonesia are mainly due to the motivation of religious understanding carried out by certain ideological groups that tend to understand harsh and extreme religions. This paper uses the literary method taken from several journals, dissertations, books, and other scientific articles related to the theme of this research.
Analisis Implementasi Penilaian Autentik Portofolio dalam Pembelajaran IPA
Authors: Suhelayanti Suhelayanti
Published: July 2023

This study aims to determine the implementation of authentic portfolio assessment in science learning. This research is descriptive qualitative. Methods used for data collection include observation, interviews, and documentation. Data reduction, data presentation, and data verification are theoretical techniques used in data analysis by Miles and Huberman. The results showed that the implementation of authentic portfolio assessment in science learning has gone well, this is in accordance with the authentic portfolio steps, if it is in accordance with the authentic portfolio steps, then the implementation of the authentic portfolio has gone well.
The ontogeny-specific thermal sensitivity of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica
Authors: Rinaldi Alessandro , Martinez Marco , Badalamenti Fabio , D’Anna Giovanni , Mirto Simone , Marín-Guirao Lazaro , Procaccini Gabriele , Montalto Valeria
Published: July 2023

Introduction

The rapid increase in sea-water temperatures and frequency of extreme thermal events have amplified the risk of functional extinction of Mediterranean species such as the endemic long-lived seagrass Posidonia oceanica. Because of the valuable ecological functions and ecosystem services the species provides, understanding the life-stage specific thermal vulnerability is crucial to accurately predict the consequences of current and future global climate change and to protect and conserve existing meadows.

Methods

To this end, here we report a study on the ontogeny-specific thermal sensitivity of important physiological functions (i.e. respiration and net production) of three different early life history stages of P. oceanica, namely seed, seedling (4-month-old individuals) and 16-month-old plantlet by measuring thermal performance curves (eleven temperatures treatments between 15-36°C with n=8).

Results

All three stages examined showed photosynthetic activity during light exposure with similar optimal temperatures for both net and gross production. Gross photosynthesis increased with rising temperature up to 28-30°C, subsequently declining at higher temperatures until complete inhibition at 36°C. The metabolic response of seeds was found to be temperature-dependent up to 26°C, while respiration of seedlings and plantlets was almost stable up to 28-30°C, but increased markedly at higher temperatures, resulting in a negative whole-plant C balance at temperatures above 32°C. Overall, our results show that seedlings and plantlets tolerate a wider temperature range (15 - 32°C) than seeds, which experience metabolic and physiological dysfunction from 26-28°C onwards.

Discussion

These findings suggest that the impact of warming on recruitment in P. oceanica meadows may vary depending on the timing of marine heatwaves (i.e. mid-spring to mid-autumn) and provide useful knowledge to inform restoration programs using early life stages of the species. In conclusion, the study of physiological responses during the early life stages of species is key to identify life history stages that are particularly vulnerable to climate change, which is vital knowledge for ecosystem management and conservation.
Two-step hierarchical neural network for classification of dry age-related macular degeneration using optical coherence tomography images
Authors: Hu Min , Wu Bin , Lu Di , Xie Jing , Chen Yiqiang , Yang Zhikuan , Dai Weiwei
Published: July 2023

Purpose

The aim of this study is to apply deep learning techniques for the development and validation of a system that categorizes various phases of dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD), including nascent geographic atrophy (nGA), through the analysis of optical coherence tomography (OCT) images.

Methods

A total of 3,401 OCT macular images obtained from 338 patients admitted to Shenyang Aier Eye Hospital in 2019–2021 were collected for the development of the classification model. We adopted a convolutional neural network (CNN) model and introduced hierarchical structure along with image enhancement techniques to train a two-step CNN model to detect and classify normal and three phases of dry AMD: atrophy-associated drusen regression, nGA, and geographic atrophy (GA). Five-fold cross-validation was used to evaluate the performance of the multi-label classification model.

Results

Experimental results obtained from five-fold cross-validation with different dry AMD classification models show that the proposed two-step hierarchical model with image enhancement achieves the best classification performance, with a f1-score of 91.32% and a kappa coefficients of 96.09% compared to the state-of-the-art models. The results obtained from the ablation study demonstrate that the proposed method not only improves accuracy across all categories in comparison to a traditional flat CNN model, but also substantially enhances the classification performance of nGA, with an improvement from 66.79 to 81.65%.

Conclusion

This study introduces a novel two-step hierarchical deep learning approach in categorizing dry AMD progression phases, and demonstrates its efficacy. The high classification performance suggests its potential for guiding individualized treatment plans for patients with macular degeneration.
Otoferlin as a multirole Ca2+ signaling protein: from inner ear synapses to cancer pathways
Authors: Leclère Jean-Christophe , Dulon Didier
Published: July 2023

Humans have six members of the ferlin protein family: dysferlin, myoferlin, otoferlin, fer1L4, fer1L5, and fer1L6. These proteins share common features such as multiple Ca2+-binding C2 domains, FerA domains, and membrane anchoring through their single C-terminal transmembrane domain, and are believed to play a key role in calcium-triggered membrane fusion and vesicle trafficking. Otoferlin plays a crucial role in hearing and vestibular function. In this review, we will discuss how we see otoferlin working as a Ca2+-dependent mechanical sensor regulating synaptic vesicle fusion at the hair cell ribbon synapses. Although otoferlin is also present in the central nervous system, particularly in the cortex and amygdala, its role in brain tissues remains unknown. Mutations in the OTOF gene cause one of the most frequent genetic forms of congenital deafness, DFNB9. These mutations produce severe to profound hearing loss due to a defect in synaptic excitatory glutamatergic transmission between the inner hair cells and the nerve fibers of the auditory nerve. Gene therapy protocols that allow normal rescue expression of otoferlin in hair cells have just started and are currently in pre-clinical phase. In parallel, studies have linked ferlins to cancer through their effect on cell signaling and development, allowing tumors to form and cancer cells to adapt to a hostile environment. Modulation by mechanical forces and Ca2+ signaling are key determinants of the metastatic process. Although ferlins importance in cancer has not been extensively studied, data show that otoferlin expression is significantly associated with survival in specific cancer types, including clear cell and papillary cell renal carcinoma, and urothelial bladder cancer. These findings indicate a role for otoferlin in the carcinogenesis of these tumors, which requires further investigation to confirm and understand its exact role, particularly as it varies by tumor site. Targeting this protein may lead to new cancer therapies.
Brain morphometric features predict depression symptom phenotypes in late-life depression using a deep learning model
Authors: Cao Bing , Yang Erkun , Wang Lihong , Mo Zhanhao , Steffens David C. , Zhang Han , Liu Mingxia , Potter Guy G.
Published: July 2023

Objectives

Our objective was to use deep learning models to identify underlying brain regions associated with depression symptom phenotypes in late-life depression (LLD).

Participants

Diagnosed with LLD (N = 116) and enrolled in a prospective treatment study.

Design

Cross-sectional.

Measurements

Structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) was used to predict five depression symptom phenotypes from the Hamilton and MADRS depression scales previously derived from factor analysis: (1) Anhedonia, (2) Suicidality, (3) Appetite, (4) Sleep Disturbance, and (5) Anxiety. Our deep learning model was deployed to predict each factor score via learning deep feature representations from 3D sMRI patches in 34 a priori regions-of-interests (ROIs). ROI-level prediction accuracy was used to identify the most discriminative brain regions associated with prediction of factor scores representing each of the five symptom phenotypes.

Results

Factor-level results found significant predictive models for Anxiety and Suicidality factors. ROI-level results suggest the most LLD-associated discriminative regions in predicting all five symptom factors were located in the anterior cingulate and orbital frontal cortex.

Conclusions

We validated the effectiveness of using deep learning approaches on sMRI for predicting depression symptom phenotypes in LLD. We were able to identify deep embedded local morphological differences in symptom phenotypes in the brains of those with LLD, which is promising for symptom-targeted treatment of LLD. Future research with machine learning models integrating multimodal imaging and clinical data can provide additional discriminative information.
Prophylactic use of levosimendan in preoperative setting for surgical repair of congenital heart disease in children
Authors: Wannaz L. , Boillat L. , Perez M. H. , Di Bernardo S.
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS) is a significant cause of morbidity and the leading cause of mortality after pediatric cardiac surgery. Levosimendan has been shown safe and effective in pediatrics to treat LCOS. We aimed to review our local strategy with preoperative prophylactic Levosimendan infusion to minimize LCOS after heart surgery in identified high-risk patients.

Methods

Retrospective monocentric study. As there is no reliable cardiac output measurement in children, we recorded hemodynamic parameters as surrogates of cardiac output after extracorporeal circulation through an electronic patient survey system at different time points.

Results

Seventy-two children received Levosimendan before surgery between 2010 and 2019. As expected, most patients were newborns and infants with prolonged open-heart surgeries. Median cardiopulmonary bypass time was 182 [137–234] min, and aortic clamping time was 95 [64–126] min. The postoperative hemodynamic parameters, vasoactive-inotropic score, and urine output remained stable throughout the first 48 h. Only a tiny portion of the patients had combined surrogate markers of LCOS with a maximal median arterial lactate of 2.6 [1.9–3.5] mmol/L during the first six postoperative hours, which then progressively normalized. The median arterio-venous difference in oxygen saturation was 31 [23–38] % between 12 and 18 h post-surgery and gradually decreased. The median venous-to-arterial CO2 difference was the highest at 10 [7–12] mmHg between 12 and 18 h post-surgery. Nine patients (13%) required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. No patient required dialysis or hemofiltration. Mortality was 0%.

Conclusion

Before congenital heart surgery, preoperative prophylactic administration of Levosimendan seems effective and safe for decreasing occurrence and duration of LCOS in high-risk children.
Effectiveness of vonoprazan-based regimens compared with proton pump inhibitor-based regimens as first-line Helicobacter pylori agents
Authors: Kakiuchi Toshihiko
Published: July 2023

In this study, we compared the success rate of eradicating Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in adults and children using vonoprazan (VPZ)-based H. pylori regimens to that of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). In Japan, the success rate of a VPZ-based regimen as first-line therapy was lower in children than in adults. Compared with adults, children around puberty have higher CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 enzymatic activity to metabolize PPIs and VPZ. Further, children generally have shorter intestinal transit times than adults and may absorb antibiotics to a lesser extent. When comparing success rates of pediatric and adult eradication therapy using VPZ, it is very important to maintain a higher intragastric pH with sufficient gastric acid suppression to maintain H. pylori in a replicating state and amoxicillin and clarithromycin in the intestinal tract for as long as possible by reducing diarrhea as a side effect. Based on the above, it is reasonable that VPZ, which can suppress stomach acids more strongly than PPI, is a more relevant H. pylori eradication therapy.
Bayesian averaging for ground state masses of atomic nuclei in a Machine Learning approach
Authors: Mumpower Matthew , Li Mengke , Sprouse Trevor M. , Meyer Bradley S. , Lovell Amy E. , Mohan Arvind T.
Published: July 2023

We present global predictions of the ground state mass of atomic nuclei based on a novel Machine Learning algorithm. We combine precision nuclear experimental measurements together with theoretical predictions of unmeasured nuclei. This hybrid data set is used to train a probabilistic neural network. In addition to training on this data, a physics-based loss function is employed to help refine the solutions. The resultant Bayesian averaged predictions have excellent performance compared to the testing set and come with well-quantified uncertainties which are critical for contemporary scientific applications. We assess extrapolations of the model’s predictions and estimate the growth of uncertainties in the region far from measurements.
The end-of-life needs of Aboriginal and immigrant communities: a challenge to conventional medical models
Authors: Leonard Rosemary , Paton Joy , Hinton Peta , Greenaway Sally , Thomson Jody
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Concerns have been raised internationally about the palliative care needs of migrants and First Nations people. This article presents insights from research investigating the end-of-life needs of Aboriginal and culturally and linguistically diverse people living in Western Sydney, Australia. This region has a large rapidly growing, and highly diverse population and on average low socioeconomic status. The research was guided by an advisory panel made up of representatives of supportive and palliative medicine, bereavement support, Aboriginal health, and multicultural health facilities. It aimed to generate findings to support the delivery of culturally sensitive services in the public health system.

Method

The multi-method design and the conduct of the research were informed by the literature on researching with marginalized groups which highlights the ethical considerations needed to avoid replicating past injustices. Qualitative data was generated from key informants and community focus groups.

Results

The analysis revealed seven themes and some suggested solutions which were relevant across several themes. The seven themes were: the Need for trusted relationships; Talking about death and dying; Knowledge of key services; Decision-making and obtaining consent from the patient; Appropriate physical spaces; Cultural practices around EOL; and Language barriers.

Discussion

Within each theme a variety of cultural beliefs and practices were revealed that conflicted with mainstream medical systems, indicating the need for changes in such systems. ‘Compassionate Communities' was identified as a model to support the necessary changes.
Community indicators for mental health in Europe: a scoping review
Authors: Schoenweger Petra , Kirschneck Michaela , Biersack Katharina , Di Meo Anna-Francesca , Reindl-Spanner Philipp , Prommegger Barbara , Ditzen-Janotta Claudia , Henningsen Peter , Krcmar Helmut , Gensichen Jochen , Jung-Sievers Caroline ,   for the POKAL-Group
Published: July 2023

Background

Community indicators may predict and influence individuals` mental health, and support or impede mental health management. However, there is no consensus on which indicators should be included in predictions, prognostic algorithms, or management strategies for community-based mental health promotion and prevention approaches. Therefore, this scoping review provides an overview of relevant community-level indicators for mental health in the general as well as risk populations in a European context.

Methods

We conducted a scoping review in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, and PsycInfo. Eligible studies focused on context factors such as either the physical or social environment, reporting at least one mental health outcome and referring to a European population. Publications between 2012 and March 8, 2022 are considered.

Results

In total, the search yielded 12,200 identified records. After the removal of duplicates, 10,059 records were screened against the eligibility criteria. In total, 169 studies were included in the final analysis. Out of these included studies, 6% focused on pan-European datasets and 94% on a specific European country. Populations were either general or high-risk populations (56 vs. 44%, respectively) with depressive disorder as the main reported outcome (49%), followed by general mental health (33%) and anxiety (23%). Study designs were cross-sectional studies (59%), longitudinal (27%), and others (14%). The final set of indicators consisted of 53 indicators, which were grouped conceptually into 13 superordinate categories of community indicators. These were divided into the domains of the physical and social environment. The most commonly measured and reported categories of community indicators associated with mental health outcomes were social networks (n = 87), attitudinal factors toward vulnerable groups (n = 76), and the characteristics of the built environment (n = 56).

Conclusion

This review provides an evidence base of existing and novel community-level indicators that are associated with mental health. Community factors related to the physical and social environment should be routinely recorded and considered as influencing factors or potentially underestimated confounders. The relevance should be analyzed and included in clinical outcomes, data, monitoring and surveillance as they may reveal new trends and targets for public mental health interventions.
Aeroelastic Response of Spinning Projectiles with Large Slenderness Ratio at Supersonic Speed
Authors: Liu Qi , Lei Juanmian , Yu Yong , Yin Jintao
Published: July 2023

Obvious aeroelastic deformation occurs in spinning projectiles with large slenderness ratio, which seriously affects flight stability and maneuverability. This paper investigates the aeroelastic response of spinning projectiles with large slenderness ratio under supersonic speed. Based on a dynamic mesh method, an unsteady numerical simulation method is developed to study the aeroelasticity of spinning projectiles by coupling aerodynamics and structural dynamics. The numerical simulation method is well validated by the experimental results of AGARD 445.6 wing flutter. Then, the aeroelastic response of spinning projectiles with large slenderness ratio is numerically explored under different flight conditions. The aeroelastic response is obtained, revealing the presence of beat vibrations and variations in response frequency. Furthermore, the influence mechanism of flight conditions on the aeroelastic response is analyzed. The results suggest that the coupling of the first two modes of the projectile caused by the spinning motion leads to the occurrence of beat vibrations in the aeroelastic response; the coupling degree of the first two modes decreases as the angle of attack increases and it increases with the increase in spinning speed; and the time−averaged deformation caused by the time−averaged aerodynamic force is beneficial to the convergence of the aeroelastic response of spinning projectiles, while the rotation−induced Magnus effect is counterproductive.
Impaired NRF2 Inhibits Recovery from Ischemic Reperfusion Injury in the Aging Kidney
Authors: Jo Min Jee , Kim Ji Eun , Bae So Yon , Cho Eunjung , Ahn Shin Young , Kwon Young Joo , Ko Gang-Jee
Published: July 2023

Deteriorating kidney function is frequently observed in the elderly population, as well as vulnerability to acute kidney failure, such as ischemic/reperfusion injury (IRI), and inadequate recovery from IRI is one of the mechanisms of kidney dysfunction in the elderly. The potential mediators in the progression of kidney dysfunction in the aging kidney have not yet been clearly revealed. In this study, we investigated the role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), which is an essential regulator of cellular redox homeostasis, in restoring kidney function after IRI in the aging kidney. NRF2 expression decreased significantly in the kidneys of old mice, as well as histologic and functional renal recovery after IRI; 45-min renal pedicle clamping was retarded in old compared with young mice. Persistent renal injury during the recovery phase after IRI was aggravated in NRF2 knockout (KO) mice compared to wild-type mice. Oxidative stress occurred in NRF2 KO old mice during the IRI recovery phase along with decreased expression of mitochondrial OXPHOS-related proteins and a reduction in mitochondrial ATP content. In vitro, hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury was aggravated in senescent human proximal tubuloepithelial cells after NRF2 restriction using NRF2 siRNA, which also increased the level of oxidative stress and deteriorated mitochondrial dysfunction. Treating the mice with an NRF2 activator, CDDO-Me, alleviated the injury. These results suggest that NRF2 may be a therapeutic target for the aging kidney.
Desmosomal Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy: The Story Telling of a Genetically Determined Heart Muscle Disease
Authors: Thiene Gaetano , Basso Cristina , Pilichou Kalliopi , Bueno Marinas Maria
Published: July 2023

The history of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC) as a genetically determined desmosomal disease started since the original discovery by Lancisi in a four-generation family, published in 1728. Contemporary history at the University of Padua started with Dalla Volta, who haemodynamically investigated patients with “auricularization” of the right ventricle, and with Nava, who confirmed familiarity. The contemporary knowledge advances consisted of (a) AC as a heart muscle disease with peculiar electrical instability of the right ventricle; (b) the finding of pathological substrates, in keeping with a myocardial dystrophy; (c) the inclusion of AC in the cardiomyopathies classification; (d) AC as the main cause of sudden death in athletes; (e) the discovery of the culprit genes coding proteins of the intercalated disc (desmosome); (f) progression in clinical diagnosis with specific ECG abnormalities, angiocardiography, endomyocardial biopsy, 2D echocardiography, electron anatomic mapping and cardiac magnetic resonance; (g) the discovery of left ventricular AC; (h) prevention of SCD with the invention and application of the lifesaving implantable cardioverter defibrillator and external defibrillator scattered in public places and playgrounds as well as the ineligibility for competitive sport activity for AC patients; (i) genetic screening of the proband family to unmask asymptomatic carriers. Nondesmosomal ACs, with a phenotype overlapping desmosomal AC, are also treated, including genetics: Transmembrane protein 43, SCN5A, Desmin, Phospholamban, Lamin A/C, Filamin C, Cadherin 2, Tight junction protein 1.
A Biosafety Study of Human Umbilical Cord Blood Mononuclear Cells Transduced with Adenoviral Vector Carrying Human Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor cDNA In Vitro
Authors: Salafutdinov Ilnur I. , Gatina Dilara Z. , Markelova Maria I. , Garanina Ekaterina E. , Malanin Sergey Yu. , Gazizov Ilnaz M. , Izmailov Andrei A. , Rizvanov Albert A. , Islamov Rustem R. , Palotás András , Safiullov Zufar Z.
Published: July 2023

The biosafety of gene therapy remains a crucial issue for both the direct and cell-mediated delivery of recombinant cDNA encoding biologically active molecules for the pathogenetic correction of congenital or acquired disorders. The diversity of vector systems and cell carriers for the delivery of therapeutic genes revealed the difficulty of developing and implementing a safe and effective drug containing artificial genetic material for the treatment of human diseases in practical medicine. Therefore, in this study we assessed changes in the transcriptome and secretome of umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (UCB-MCs) genetically modified using adenoviral vector (Ad5) carrying cDNA encoding human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF165) or reporter green fluorescent protein (GFP). A preliminary analysis of UCB-MCs transduced with Ad5-VEGF165 and Ad5-GFP with MOI of 10 showed efficient transgene expression in gene-modified UCB-MCs at mRNA and protein levels. The whole transcriptome sequencing of native UCB-MCs, UCB-MC+Ad5-VEGF165, and UCB-MC+Ad5-GFP demonstrated individual sample variability rather than the effect of Ad5 or the expression of recombinant vegf165 on UCB-MC transcriptomes. A multiplex secretome analysis indicated that neither the transduction of UCB-MCs with Ad5-GFP nor with Ad5-VEGF165 affects the secretion of the studied cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors by gene-modified cells. Here, we show that UCB-MCs transduced with Ad5 carrying cDNA encoding human VEGF165 efficiently express transgenes and preserve transcriptome and secretome patterns. This data demonstrates the biosafety of using UCB-MCs as cell carriers of therapeutic genes.
External Inflammatory Root Resorption in Traumatized Immature Incisors: MTA Plug or Revitalization? A Case Series
Authors: Boukpessi Tchilalo , Cottreel Leslie , Galler Kerstin M.
Published: July 2023

Introduction: External inflammatory root resorption (EIRR) in immature permanent teeth is a common complication after severe dental trauma. The management of this condition requires thorough disinfection of the root canal in order to arrest the resorptive process. However, current guidelines regarding the recommended treatment of EIRR following traumatic dental injuries vary, mainly in regard to the type of intracanal medication and its retention time in the root canal system. The objective of this case series was to present both the apical barrier technique (MTA plug) and revitalization procedures as valid treatment options in immature teeth with EIRR. Methods: Four cases of post-traumatic immature teeth diagnosed with pulp necrosis and EIRR, with or without apical periodontitis, were treated either by an MTA plug (two teeth) or revitalization (two teeth). Cases were followed between 12 and 24 months. Results: Both treatment methods were efficient in arresting EIRR and enabled bone healing. After revitalization, partial root maturation was observed. Conclusion: Whereas the key to achieve periodontal healing in cases of EIRR is thorough disinfection of the root canal, both a subsequent MTA plug as well as revitalization may represent adequate treatment methods. An additional benefit lies in the potential of revitalization to promote further root maturation through hard tissue apposition.
The Presence of Lampreys in the Tyrrhenian Rivers of the Campania Region (Southern Italy): A New Record of the Sea Lamprey Petromyzon marinus (Linnaeus 1758)
Authors: Antognazza Caterina M. , Gentile Alberto , Crosa Giuseppe , Zaccara Serena
Published: July 2023

The southern Italian peninsula has been suggested to be an important European district for lampreys’ genetic diversity. All lamprey species ever described throughout the Italian peninsula are protected within European legislation and listed in Annex II of the EU Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC) and Annex III of the Bern Convention (82/72/CEE) as species of conservation concern, and the Habitats Directive ensures the designation of “sites of community interest” (SICs) for threatened species. During a survey to collect preliminary data on lampreys’ presence in the Cilento, Vallo di Daino, and Alburni National Park (PNCV) located in the Campania region, where 28 sites of community interest (SICs) have been established by the EU Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC), two specimens of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus, Linnaeus, 1758) were detected for the first time. The specimens were genetically characterized through the sequencing of the mtDNA control region locus. The study highlighted the significant importance of the Campania region for lampreys, which, concerning Lampetra sp., was found to have peculiar genetic characteristics and unique alleles that have not been described elsewhere. Furthermore, the recognition of the sea lamprey, P. marinus, emphasized the value of this area, especially in terms of laying the groundwork for future habitat protection strategies.
Effect of Different Vinification Techniques on the Concentration of Volatile Aroma Compounds and Sensory Profile of Malvazija Istarska Wines
Authors: Radeka Sanja , Bestulić Ena , Rossi Sara , Orbanić Fumica , Bubola Marijan , Plavša Tomislav , Lukić Igor , Jeromel Ana
Published: July 2023

The majority of chemical compounds that contribute to varietal aroma originate from grape skin. To investigate the differences between volatile aroma compounds when different maceration conditions are applied, a total of six vinification treatments were carried out on Malvazija istarska (Vitis vinifera L.) variety, non-maceration control treatment (C), pre-fermentative two days cryomaceration treatment at 8 °C (CRYO), seven days maceration treatment at 16 °C (M7), 14 days maceration treatment at 16 °C (M14), and prolonged post-fermentative maceration treatments at 16 °C for 21 day (M21) and 42 days (M42). Wines were subjected to GC/MS and sensory analysis. Obtained results showed that prolonged post-fermentative maceration treatments contained the highest concentration of total volatile aroma compounds, precisely monoterpenes, alcohols, and other esters. Contrary, C and CRYO wines resulted in highest concentration of ethyl and acetate esters, and fatty acids. In addition, sensory analysis showed that longer maceration treatment wines (M14, M21, M42) were characterized by more aroma complexity, varietal flowery typicity, pronounced fruitiness, with accentuated dried fruit, moderate honey, and herbal notes. Obtained results can provide valuable information to producers when choosing an appropriate vinification technique based on the desired wine style which may lead to a further diversification of white wine market.
Insights into the Flavor Differentiation between Two Wild Edible Boletus Species through Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses
Authors: Chao Kaixiang , Qi Tuo , Wan Qionglian , Li Tao
Published: July 2023

Despite the popularity of wild edible mushrooms due to their delectable flavor and nutritional value, the mechanisms involved in regulating and altering their taste remain underexplored. In this study, we analyzed the metabolome and transcriptome of Boletus brunneissimus (B. brunneissimus) and Leccinum extremiorientale (L. extremiorientale), two Boletus species collected from different environments. Using UHPLC-MS, we annotated 644 peaks and identified 47 differential metabolites via OPLS-DA analysis. Eight of these were related to flavor, including L-Aspartic acid, Glycine, D-Serine, L-Serine, L-Histidine, Tryptophan, L-Isoleucine, Isoleucine, and alpha-D-Glucose. These differential metabolites were mainly concentrated in amino acid metabolism pathways. Transcriptome analysis revealed differential genes between B. brunneissimus and L. extremiorientale, which were enriched in protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, as well as differential genes of the same Boletus species in different environments that were enriched in the ribosome pathway. The combination of metabolome and transcriptome analyses highlighted Glycine, L-Serine, and L-Aspartic acid as the key compounds responsible for the differences between the two Boletus species. Using the O2PLS model and Pearson’s coefficient, we identified key genes that modulate the differences in metabolites between the two species. These results have significant implications for the molecular breeding of flavor in edible mushrooms.
Bacteriophages for the Targeted Control of Foodborne Pathogens
Authors: Bumunang Emmanuel W. , Zaheer Rahat , Niu Dongyan , Narvaez-Bravo Claudia , Alexander Trevor , McAllister Tim A. , Stanford Kim
Published: July 2023

Foodborne illness is exacerbated by novel and emerging pathotypes, persistent contamination, antimicrobial resistance, an ever-changing environment, and the complexity of food production systems. Sporadic and outbreak events of common foodborne pathogens like Shiga toxigenic E. coli (STEC), Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Listeria monocytogenes are increasingly identified. Methods of controlling human infections linked with food products are essential to improve food safety and public health and to avoid economic losses associated with contaminated food product recalls and litigations. Bacteriophages (phages) are an attractive additional weapon in the ongoing search for preventative measures to improve food safety and public health. However, like all other antimicrobial interventions that are being employed in food production systems, phages are not a panacea to all food safety challenges. Therefore, while phage-based biocontrol can be promising in combating foodborne pathogens, their antibacterial spectrum is generally narrower than most antibiotics. The emergence of phage-insensitive single-cell variants and the formulation of effective cocktails are some of the challenges faced by phage-based biocontrol methods. This review examines phage-based applications at critical control points in food production systems with an emphasis on when and where they can be successfully applied at production and processing levels. Shortcomings associated with phage-based control measures are outlined together with strategies that can be applied to improve phage utility for current and future applications in food safety.
Food Safety Knowledge among Professional Food Handlers in Slovenia: The Results of a Nation-Wide Survey
Authors: Jevšnik Mojca , Kirbiš Andrej , Vadnjal Stanka , Jamnikar-Ciglenečki Urška , Ovca Andrej , Kavčič Matic
Published: July 2023

The authors present and discuss the results of a nation-wide survey on food safety knowledge among professional food handlers in Slovenia. The data were collected via a telephone survey using a well-established questionnaire adapted to the Slovenian context. Altogether, 601 respondents from hotels, restaurants, catering, and confectionery units completed the questionnaire. To assess food safety knowledge among food handlers in both general and specific domains, three indexes (a General Knowledge Index, a Personal Knowledge Index, and a Temperature Knowledge Index) were created. Among them, the Temperature Knowledge Index revealed the largest gaps in knowledge. An insufficient transfer of food safety knowledge from managers and chefs to assistant chefs and kitchen assistants in establishments where more persons handle food was evident, while a course titled “Hygiene Minimum” of standardised training from the past still significantly contributes to food safety knowledge. The results suggest a need for improvement in the current system of food safety training courses for professional food handlers in Slovenia. The human factor in the food supply chain still has a significant role in ensuring food safety culture, and therefore must become a more important part of the food safety management system.