bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Percutaneous nerve field stimulation (PENS) of the occipital region as a possible predictor for occipital nerve stimulation (ONS) responsiveness in refractory headache disorders? A feasibility study
Authors: Kinfe TM , Pintea B , Roeske S , Güresir Á , Güresir E , Vatter H
Published: October 2015

Background

Occipital nerve stimulation (ONS) has been reported to diminish pain levels in intractable chronic headache syndromes of different origin. No reliable objective markers exist to predict ONS responsiveness. This study investigated the predictive value of occipital percutaneous nerve field stimulation (PENS) prior to ONS.

Methods

This trial included 12 patients (CCH, CM, PTH, CH) with chronic refractory headache syndromes eligible for ONS. Repetitive PENS (3 × /10 days) was performed and the headache severity/frequency monitored over four weeks before ONS implantation. Further assessment of PENS/ONS outcomes were stimulation-related complications, perception/tolerance stimulation threshold, the Migraine Disability Scale (MIDAS) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).

Results

All PENS responders benefited from ONS. Of the seven PENS-nonresponders with VAS 6.1(±1.1), six experienced significant pain relief from ONS after three months and one patient failed the PENS/ONS trial (VAS 3.7 (±1.6)); (95% CI 3.6 to 5.7, p < 0.001). The VAS baseline was 8.4 (±0.5) and decreased significantly (50% reduction in severity/frequency) in five patients after PENS, while seven failed to improve (VAS 4.9 (±1.1); (95% CI 2.5 to 4.5, p < 0.001). BDI baseline (from 22.6 (±4.2) to 10.6 (±5.9) (95% CI 7.4 to 16.6, p < 0.001)) and MIDAS baseline (from 143.9 (±14.5) to 72.8 (±28.7) (95% CI 1.17 to 2.3, p < 0.001)) significantly declined after ONS. No PENS/ONS-related complications occurred.

Conclusions

Presurgical applied occipital PENS failed to identify ONS responders sufficiently according to our study protocol, thus requiring further specific investigations to determine its predictive usefulness.
Assessing Child Nutrient Intakes Using a Tablet-Based 24-Hour Recall Tool in Rural Zambia
Authors: Caswell Bess L. , Talegawkar Sameera A. , Dyer Brian , Siamusantu Ward , Klemm Rolf D. W. , Palmer Amanda C.
Published: October 2015

Background:

Detailed dietary intake data in low-income populations are needed for research and program evaluation. However, collection of such data by paper-based 24-hour recall imposes substantial demands for staff time and expertise, training, materials, and data entry.

Objective:

To describe our development and use of a tablet-based 24-hour recall tool for conducting dietary intake surveys in remote settings.

Methods:

We designed a 24-hour recall tool using Open Data Kit software on an Android tablet platform. The tool contains a list of local foods, questions on portion size, cooking method, ingredients, and food source and prompts to guide interviewers. We used this tool to interview caregivers on dietary intakes of children participating in an efficacy trial of provitamin A-biofortified maize conducted in Mkushi, a rural district in central Zambia. Participants were children aged 4 to 8 years not yet enrolled in school (n = 938). Dietary intake data were converted to nutrient intakes using local food composition and recipe tables.

Results:

We developed a tablet-based 24-hour recall tool and used it to collect dietary data among 928 children. The majority of foods consumed were maize, leafy vegetable, or small fish dishes. Median daily energy intake was 6416 kJ (1469 kcal).

Conclusions:

Food and nutrient intakes assessed using the tablet-based tool were consistent with those reported in prior research. The tool was easily used by interviewers without prior nutrition training or computing experience. Challenges remain to improve programming, but the tool is an innovation that enables efficient collection of 24-hour recall data in remote settings.
Low-velocity impact of honeycomb sandwich composite plates
Authors: Zhang Taotao , Yan Ying , Li Jianfeng , Luo Haibo
Published: October 2015

The performances of low-velocity impact (LVI) and compression after impact (CAI) of honeycomb sandwich composite panels are investigated experimentally and numerically. Honeycomb sandwich panels with different facesheet thicknesses are impacted by drop-weight machine under gradually increasing impact energies. The visible surface damage is recorded and ultrasonic C-scan technology is used to inspect the internal damage of sandwich plates. Numerical simulation is conducted using finite element method, taking into account both facesheet damage and honeycomb damage. The facesheet damage model is based on the continuum damage mechanics and cohesive zone model to simulate intralaminar and interlaminar damage respectively. The honeycomb damage model, which takes into account of both compressive damage and shear damage, is addressed and verified by three-point bending experimental tests. The numerical results show good agreements on LVI and CAI with the experiments, thus verifying the validity of the presented numerical model. Then we use the numerical model to simulate the LVI properties of sandwich plates under compressive and tensile preloading. We conclude that the interlaminar delamination damage of facesheet easily evolves under compressive preloading while intralaminar fiber fracture damage could expand under tensile preloading. The conclusion in our article could be useful to the design and analysis of composite sandwich structures.
Three perspectives on partnering to close the care gap
Authors: Tsuyuki Ross T. , Sebestyen Norma , Davis Sheila , Rondos Spyro ,   Merck Canada Inc.
Published: October 2015

Given their frontline relationship with patients, community pharmacists fill a vital role in our healthcare system. This article offers three perspectives on how a team-based approach, which integrates the community pharmacist, can enhance patient care and reduce system costs. It is the success of these partnership models which have helped drive system-level change. It offers reflections by Dr. Ross T. Tsuyuki, among Canada’s leading researchers on the subject, and presents some findings over his 20-year partnership with Merck in Canada. Dr. Tsuyuki’s peer-reviewed studies have been largely centred in Alberta, one province in which the scope of practice for pharmacists has been expanded.
Back to the future
Authors: Cochrane Bonnie S. , Hagins Mitch , King John A. , Picciano Gino , McCafferty Maureen M. , Nelson Brian
Published: October 2015

Improving patient experience has emerged as an important healthcare policy priority across Canada. Tools and systems for monitoring patient experience metrics are becoming increasingly refined and standardized, and the trend toward greater accountability for improvements that are sustainable and affordable is well underway. For many healthcare professionals, this represents a renewed focus on core patient needs and priorities, following decades during which structural and technological changes have dominated healthcare agendas. Improving patient experience in our contemporary healthcare environment presents major challenges—and opportunities—for Canadian health leaders. The experience of Studer Group partner organizations in Canada is relevant and instructive in this context. These organizations have adopted a model known as Evidence-Based Leadership (EBL) that enables and supports the alignment of all activities and behaviours toward specific organizational goals, including measurable patient experience improvements. This article reviews case studies of organizations that have adopted EBL. These organizations are demonstrating rapid progress in patient experience indicators while simultaneously making gains in critical areas such as clinical outcomes, safety, physician and staff engagement, and financial performance. Emerging evidence concerning the factors and processes that underlie these improvements is also discussed.
Just leg pain? Think again
Authors: Papia Giuseppe , Mayer Perry , Kelton David , Queen Douglas , Elliott James A. , Kuhnke Janet L.
Published: October 2015

Approximately 800,000 Canadians have Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD). Peripheral arterial disease is also a leading cause of limb amputation. Yet public and clinical awareness of PAD is very limited. This article discusses the “Just Leg Pain? Think Again” awareness campaign the Canadian Association of Wound Care has launched in response. This article also summarizes PAD risk factors, screening, linkage with diabetes, treatment and care interventions, PAD care innovations, and the need for policy leadership on this issue.
Si vous pensez que c’est juste un mal de jambe… détrompez-vous
Authors: Papia Giuseppe , Mayer Perry , Kelton David , Queen Douglas , Elliott James A. , Kuhnke Janet L.
Published: October 2015

Environ 800 000 Canadiens ont une maladie artérielle périphérique (MAP), une cause majeure d’amputation. Pourtant, le public et les cliniciens connaissent très peu cette maladie. Le présent article traite de la campagne de sensibilisation Si vous pensez que c’est juste un mal de jambe… détrompez-vous que l’Association canadienne du soin des plaies a lancée pour contrer cette tendance. Il porte également sur les facteurs de risque et le dépistage de la MAP, son lien avec le diabète, son traitement et ses soins, ses innovations en matière de soins de la MAP et la nécessité de faire preuve de leadership sur le plan des politiques.
Avulsed Nasoenteric Bridle System Magnet as an Intranasal Foreign Body
Authors: Puricelli Michael D. , Newberry Christopher Ian , Gov‐Ari Eliav
Published: October 2015

Nasoenteric tubes provide short‐term nutrition support to patients unable to take an adequate oral diet. Bridling systems may be used to secure tubes to guard against displacement. We present the first case of an avulsed magnet from a bridling system to raise awareness of this potential complication. The primary methods of securing a nasogastric tube are reviewed, and comparative assessment of the 3 main systems is presented. Diagnosis and management of nasal foreign bodies relevant to this case are reviewed and prevention/safety considerations discussed.
Community Reintegration Among Prisoners With Child Support Obligations: An Examination of Debt, Needs, and Service Receipt
Authors: Roman Caterina G. , Link Nathan W.
Published: October 2015

In line with emerging work on the role of fatherhood in prisoner reentry, this study directs attention to the financial obligations that connect fathers to their families in reentry. Specifically, the study provides a descriptive picture of soon-to-be-released male state prisoners with child support obligations using a multi-state, longitudinal dataset, and examines whether characteristics of incarcerated men with child support orders and associated debt are significantly different from incarcerated males without child support orders. Whether males attached to comprehensive reentry programs received more services related to their debt obligation after prison release compared with non-program participants is also analyzed. Findings show that although prisoners identify having substantial needs vis-à-vis child support obligations, few reported receiving assistance related to these needs upon release. However, reentry program participants received significantly more child support–related services than non-program participants. Implications for community services and support for returning prisoners with child support orders and related needs are discussed.
Do We See Eye to Eye? The Relationship Between Internal Communication and Between-Group Strategic Consensus
Authors: Desmidt Sebastian , George Bert
Published: October 2015

Although organization-wide strategic consensus is considered a prerequisite for effective strategy execution, research analyzing the degree, content, and antecedents of strategic consensus between hierarchically distant employee groups is limited. The present study addresses this issue by using the Communication Satisfaction Questionnaire to examine the relationship between internal communication and between-group strategic consensus. To test these assumptions, data were collected from the top management team and lower-level employees of a hospital. The results indicate that a multifaceted operationalization of strategic consensus should be used because between-group consensus varies according to the content domain under investigation. Second, the findings indicate that it is important to analyze the direction of between-group disconsensus because employees can overestimate or underestimate the importance of strategic priorities. Third, the results indicate that the perceived quality of organizational information, organizational integration, and vertical communication (in contrast to horizontal communication) are associated with higher levels of strategic consensus.
Trajectories of Outdoor Mobility in Vulnerable Community-Dwelling Elderly
Authors: Smith Abigail R. , Chen Charity , Clarke Philippa , Gallagher Nancy Ambrose
Published: October 2015

Objective: Outdoor mobility is critical for healthy aging, yet little is known about the factors influencing mobility in the frail elderly. We investigated the role of individual and community risk factors on trajectories of mobility in a population of vulnerable community-dwelling elderly. Method: Using data from 1,188 older adults in Detroit, MI, who qualify for federally funded home care, a latent class growth analysis was used to model the frequency of going outside over a 15-month period. Results: Four latent trajectories were found: those with a low, high, and declining frequency of going outdoors over time, and those who do not go outdoors on a regular basis. Risk factors for membership in the homebound and infrequent mobility groups were older age, more severe mobility impairment, and fear of falling. Barriers at the entry to the home were associated with being homebound. Discussion: Declining health status and functional limitations are risk factors that pose a threat to outdoor mobility in the frail elderly, while housing barriers and community accessibility also merit attention.
What Is Race? UNESCO, mass communication and human genetics in the early 1950s
Authors: Bangham Jenny
Published: October 2015

What Is Race? Evidence from Scientists (1952) is a picture book for schoolchildren published by UNESCO as part of its high-profile campaign on race. The 87-page, oblong, soft-cover booklet contains bold, semi-abstract, pared-down images accompanied by text, devised (so it declared) to make scientific concepts ‘more easily intelligible to the layman’. Produced by UNESCO’s Department of Mass Communication, the picture book represents the organization’s early-postwar confidence in the power of scientific knowledge as a social remedy and diplomatic tool. In keeping with a significant component of the race campaign, What Is Race? presented genetics as the route to an enlightened, scientific, non-prejudiced understanding of race. This article seeks to explain the book’s management, aesthetics and framing in the context of postwar disciplinary and international politics. Viewing UNESCO’s race campaign as a high point for an internationalist ideology of mass education, this article also analyses the visual and literary arguments of What Is Race? and proposes that the enduring image of genetics as technical and neutral knowledge was in part shaped by UNESCO’s efforts to communicate scientific authority to an apparently ‘popular’ audience.
Optimum tolerance synthesis of simple assemblies with nominal dimension selection using genetic algorithm
Authors: Vignesh Kumar D , Ravindran D , Siva Kumar M , Islam MN
Published: October 2015

Optimum tolerance allocation plays a vital role in minimization of the direct manufacturing cost, and it is sensitive to tolerances related to variations in manufacturing processes. However, optimal adjustment of both nominal dimensions and selection of tolerances may further reduce assembly manufacturing cost and wastage of materials during processing. Most studies in existing literature focus on optimum tolerance allocation for the assemblies without considering nominal dimension selection. The method proposed in this work uses genetic algorithm techniques to allocate tolerances to assembly components, thereby minimizing costs. The component alternate nominal dimensions are predicted based on critical dimensions and its tolerances. The effectiveness of the developed algorithms demonstrated using randomly generated problems as well as sample problems taken from the literature. Test results are compared with those obtained using the Lagrange multiplier method. It is shown that by adjusting the nominal dimensions, the proposed method yields considerable savings in manufacturing costs.
Paid and unpaid work: The impact of social policies on the gender division of labour
Authors: Kleider Hanna
Published: October 2015

The varieties of capitalism (VOC) literature has offered one of the most influential explanations for cross-national variation in the gender division of labour. It argues that labour markets, which privilege specific as opposed to general skills, have a negative effect on women’s employment and impede an egalitarian division of household labour. This article revisits one of the most prominent VOC studies: Iversen and Rosenbluth’s empirical analysis of the 1994 International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) survey on gender relations. I argue that a gendered welfare perspective provides an alternative and more compelling explanation for the same outcomes. In my empirical analysis, I re-analyse Iversen and Rosenbluth’s study using the more recent 2002 ISSP survey on gender relations. The empirical results lend little support to the VOC approach and show that a gendered welfare state perspective, measured using a novel summary index of defamilialization, explains the observed outcomes better. The evidence in support for the VOC explanation disappears when controlling for defamilializing social policies. This suggests that a previous VOC work on the gender division of labour has suffered from omitting crucial social policy controls. This article substantiates earlier critiques of VOC that have questioned its usefulness as an explanatory framework for gender-relevant outcomes.
An assessment of the mean annual precipitation needed to sustain Lake Sambhar in Rajasthan, India, during mid-Holocene time
Authors: Gill Emily C , Rajagopalan Balaji , Molnar Peter H
Published: October 2015

An application of a simple hydrological model to likely climatic conditions of Lake Sambhar provides tighter bounds on the range of increased precipitation seen during the early- to mid-Holocene than those inferred from paleoclimatic proxies. To examine past lake levels, we developed a simple lake model, based on hydrological principles of a watershed balance between precipitation, evaporation, and runoff from the watershed to calculate daily depth and volume. Calculations reveal that early- to mid-Holocene rainfall was most likely in a range of 40–65% greater than present levels, resulting in lake depths of ~6–8 m. This estimate incorporates all major sources of uncertainty into the lake model, but it is likely that the value of mid-Holocene precipitation lies in the lower part of the 40–65% range. Additionally, a 40–65% greater precipitation could have led to greater interannual variability in lake levels, which may account for the lack of clear shorelines. We find, however, that it is unlikely that Lake Sambhar filled to its maximum depth of 21 m above the present-day lakebed during this period due both to the much greater precipitation than today required to maintain a lake of such depth (greater than double present-day precipitation) and to the lack of current evidence (no shorelines and little vegetation). We also find that differences between mid-Holocene and present-day winter insolation alone have virtually no effect on average annual lake depths.
A new diagnostic accuracy measure and cut-point selection criterion
Authors: Dong Tuochuan , Attwood Kristopher , Hutson Alan , Liu Song , Tian Lili
Published: October 2015

Most diagnostic accuracy measures and criteria for selecting optimal cut-points are only applicable to diseases with binary or three stages. Currently, there exist two diagnostic measures for diseases with general k stages: the hypervolume under the manifold and the generalized Youden index. While hypervolume under the manifold cannot be used for cut-points selection, generalized Youden index is only defined upon correct classification rates. This paper proposes a new measure named maximum absolute determinant for diseases with k stages ([Formula: see text]). This comprehensive new measure utilizes all the available classification information and serves as a cut-points selection criterion as well. Both the geometric and probabilistic interpretations for the new measure are examined. Power and simulation studies are carried out to investigate its performance as a measure of diagnostic accuracy as well as cut-points selection criterion. A real data set from Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative is analyzed using the proposed maximum absolute determinant.
From Oedipus to PACE, using the concepts of shame and guilt as golden thread
Authors: Beckmann Klaus Martin
Published: October 2015

Objectives:

To demonstrate that antiquity’s concepts of shame and guilt developed in their meaning over the centuries and can still have practical applicability in psychological therapies these days.

Methods:

To review shame and guilt in philosophy, history, ethics and psychiatry contexts. Within limitations, a narrative is presented, starting with Oedipus in antiquity, visiting several important philosophical theories and ending in the present time with, for example, Dan Hughes’ PACE model for therapy.

Results:

The first part expands on selected ideas presented in Melvyn Bragg’s 2007 BBC radio programme entitled ‘Guilt’; the second part adds selected therapeutic models where concepts of shame and guilt play a role.

Conclusions:

Shame and guilt are archaic but quintessential concepts that already occupied thinkers in antiquity. Shame and guilt are concepts that preoccupied science and art over the millennia and continue as useful concepts to the present day. Moreover, shame and guilt, as concepts, continue to play a salient role in recent and contemporary psychiatry.
#IHMayDay: tweeting for empowerment and social and emotional wellbeing
Authors: Sweet Melissa , Geia Lynore , Dudgeon Pat , McCallum Kerry
Published: October 2015

Objective:

This paper examines the themes of #IHMayDay, a day-long Twitter discussion about Indigenous health led by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples on 1 May 2014.

Method:

The Symplur analytics tool was used to identify the Twitter activity associated with #IHMayDay. This paper reviews the content of 423 tweets that were tweeted and retweeted by 346 individuals and 108 organisations.

Results:

Issues related to social and emotional wellbeing were dominant, and the analysis highlights the empowering nature of the strengths-based discourse.

Conclusions:

Twitter-based events such as #IHMayDay and initiatives such as the rotated, curated account @IndigenousX are powerful platforms for learning, exchange, advocacy and dialogue about the social and emotional wellbeing and mental health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.
Perceptions of Child Body Size and Health Care Seeking for Undernourished Children in Southern Malawi
Authors: Flax Valerie L. , Thakwalakwa Chrissie , Ashorn Ulla
Published: October 2015

Child undernutrition affects millions of children globally, but little is known about the ability of adults to detect different types of child undernutrition in low-income countries. We used focused ethnographic methods to understand how Malawian parents and grandparents describe the characteristics they use to identify good and poor child growth, their actual or preferred patterns of health seeking for undernourished children, and the perceived importance of child undernutrition symptoms in relation to other childhood illnesses. Malawians value adiposity rather than stature in assessing child growth. Symptoms of malnutrition, including wasting and edema, were considered the least severe childhood illness symptoms. Parents delayed health care seeking when a child was ill. When they sought care, it was for symptoms such as diarrhea or fever, and they did not recognize malnutrition as the underlying cause. These findings can be used to tailor strategies for preventing and treating growth faltering in Malawian children.
Being Objective With a Personal Perspective
Authors: Tong Jingrong
Published: October 2015

This article examines what objectivity means to 15 environmental journalists at two Chinese newspapers and how this value guides their practices. It reveals that although objectivity is central to their journalistic ethos, the participants see it as ethical to organize reports within a framework arising from their personal judgments of news events. The appropriation and particular definition of the American journalistic norm of objectivity increases the participants’ political safety and justifies them in playing their perceived role as guardians of society and educators. In so doing, they negotiate with other social actors and consolidate their cultural authority over defining reality.
Recent Trends in Stimulant Usage
Authors: Safer Daniel J.
Published: October 2015

Objective: In the last decade, dramatic changes have occurred in stimulant medication prevalence and in patterns of stimulant treatment. The resultant trends merit analysis. Method: Usage patterns of stimulant medication, specifically amphetamine and methylphenidate, were analyzed for trends. The data were obtained from datasets including pharmacy claims, aggregate production quotas, bulk distribution to counties, pharmacy prescription sales, parent surveys, and physician visit surveys. Stimulant medication trends were organized by drug subclass, year, age group, gender, country, prescriber specialty, diagnosis, and expenditures. Results: Major recent trends are as follows: amphetamine medication usage has prominently surpassed methylphenidate, total stimulant prescription sales to adults have surpassed those for youth, and more adult women are prescribed stimulants than adult men. Conclusion: Stimulant medication treatment—particularly of amphetamines—is rapidly expanding in the United States. Off-label use is reported to be at least 40% of total use and appears to be more common in adults. (J. of Att. Dis. 2016; 20(6) 471-477)
Interaction Between Season of Birth and COMT Val158Met (rs4680) in ADHD in a Large Sample of Chinese Han Participants
Authors: Gao Qian , Liu Lu , Li Hai-Mei , Tang Yi-Lang , Chen Yun , Wang Yu-Feng , Qian Qiu-Jin
Published: October 2015

Objective: To investigate the interaction between catechol-O-methyltransferase gene (COMT) Val108/158Met (rs4680) and season of birth (SOB) on ADHD and its symptoms. Method: We conducted transmission disequilibrium tests (TDTs) in 976 trios, then further performed the above analyses in subgroups according to SOB. Quantitative analyses were performed for ADHD symptoms evaluated by ADHD Rating Scale–IV in 1,530 ADHD cases. Results: Overall, there was no association between COMT and ADHD. After stratification, we found an increased transmission of the Val allele in the trios born in spring, while a decreased transmission was observed in the autumn months. We also observed a significant interaction between Val108/158Met and SOB on ADHD symptoms. Among those born in spring, Met carriers had milder ADHD symptoms compared with Val homozygotes, whereas opposite association was found in those born in autumn. Conclusion: Our study provided evidence for the modifying effect of SOB on the association between COMT and ADHD along with its symptoms.
How Does the Health of Transportation Infrastructure Affect State Credit Ratings? An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Chen Can , Kriz Kenneth A. , Wang Qiushi
Published: October 2015

A well-developed and carefully maintained public infrastructure system is of critical importance to ensure that the economy can function effectively. To investigate the consequence of deficient public transportation infrastructure conditions on states’ creditworthiness, this study constructs an infrastructure health index to measure the physical conditions of state highway transportation systems and empirically estimates the effect of the overall health of state highway transportation infrastructure on Moody’s and Standard and Poor’s state credit ratings by using a data set from 1999 to 2009. The empirical results indicate that the poorer the quality of a state’s highway infrastructure, the lower the probability that the state will be in a higher credit rating category, and the higher the probability that the state will be in the medium or low credit rating category. This finding suggests that state policy makers should be cautioned about the negative consequences of cutting spending on infrastructure maintenance and expansion.
Does Research on Evaluation Matter? Findings From a Survey of American Evaluation Association Members and Prominent Evaluation Theorists and Scholars
Authors: Coryn Chris L. S. , Ozeki Satoshi , Wilson Lyssa N. , Greenman Gregory D. , Schröter Daniela C. , Hobson Kristin A. , Azzam Tarek , Vo Anne T.
Published: October 2015

Research on evaluation theories, methods, and practices has increased considerably in the past decade. Even so, little is known about whether published findings from research on evaluation are read by evaluators and whether such findings influence evaluators’ thinking about evaluation or their evaluation practice. To address these questions, and others, a random sample of American Evaluation Association (AEA) members and a purposive sample of prominent evaluation theorists and scholars were surveyed. A majority of AEA members (80.95% ± 7.60%) and sampled theorists and scholars (84.21%) regularly read research on evaluation and indicate that research on evaluation has influenced their thinking about evaluation and their evaluation practice (97.00% ± 3.38% and 94.00% ± 4.79%, for AEA members, and 100% and 100%, for prominent theorists and scholars, respectively).
‘Drinking with respect’: Drinking constructions of men who live in a Cape Winelands farm community in South Africa
Authors: Lesch Elmien , Casper Rozanne
Published: October 2015

This article aims to provide a community-specific understanding of a subgroup of South African men who exhibit particularly high rates of hazardous alcohol consumption. Adopting a social constructionist framework, we interviewed 13 Cape Winelands men who lived on farms to explore their drinking constructions. We present three themes that shed light on problematic drinking in this group: (1) the notion of weekend binge-drinking as ‘respectable’ drinking, (2) drinking as shared activity that fulfils various psycho-social needs and (3) a sense of powerlessness to affect their own or their children’s alcohol consumption. These findings are viewed against a specific socio-historical backdrop.
A personal reflection on health: 20 years on
Authors: Radley Alan
Published: October 2015

This article looks back to the origins of health: from the perspective of its Founding Editor. Reviewing the journal’s original statement of aims, the terms ‘refraction’ and ‘moment’ are selected to provide a brief discussion of health and illness as defining the journal’s continuing focus.
Family residency and psychosomatic problems among adolescents in Sweden: The impact of child-parent relations
Authors: Hagquist Curt
Published: October 2015

Aims: Profound changes in family structure took place in many countries, during the second part of the previous century. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the association between the type of family residency and psychosomatic problems in younger and older adolescents, particularly focusing on alternate residency, and to examine the impact of child-parent relations. Methods: We used data collected in 2009 by Statistics Sweden among 172,298 Swedish students in Grade 6 and Grade 9 (approximate ages 12 and 15 years old); comprising 80% and 86%, respectively, of the entire population of students in those grades. We collected the data with a questionnaire, completed anonymously in school: We used the Psychosomatic Problems (PSP) scale as the outcome measure. Results: The type of family residency showed a weaker association with psychosomatic problems than the child-parent relationships did. Living in non-intact families increased the probability of adolescent psychosomatic problems by 0–0.05, compared to intact families. In Grade 9, there were no differences in psychosomatic problems between the students in alternate residency and those living with their two parents; and in Grade 6, these differences were relatively small. In comparison, a worse relationship with parents increased the probability of psychosomatic problems by 0.11–0.17, depending on the school grade and type of family residency. Conclusions: The structure of the family, as well as the child-parent relationships needs to be taken into account, to properly estimate the magnitude of the family situation as a determinant of adolescent psychosomatic problems. Our results justify universal intervention at the policy level.
Dietary intake in Swedish medical students during 2007–2012
Authors: Fredriksson Ellinor , Brekke Hilde Kristin , Ellegård Lars
Published: October 2015

Background: The dietary intake in Swedish medical students has been reported for the periods 1987–1993 and 1994–2006. Objective: To analyse dietary intake in medical students between 2007 and 2012, in relation to Nordic Nutrition Recommendations, to previous surveys and to a contemporary Swedish population. Design: Nutrient intake was calculated from 3-day food records conducted by 698 medical students. The differences between surveys were evaluated using a t-test and the changes over time by linear regression. Results: The energy intake in valid female and male reporters was 8.7 and 11.9 MJ respectively. The intake of protein, fat and alcohol, as proportions of energy (E%) and dietary fibre, was within recommendations. The intake of most micronutrients was above recommendations, except for vitamin D, and in women, iron and folate. In women, E% fat increased between 2007 and 2012, while E% carbohydrate decreased. Compared to the 1994–2006 period, medical students in the present survey consumed less carbohydrates and more fat, more folate and more vitamin E. The students were more compliant with the dietary recommendations than the same age group of the Swedish population. Conclusions: Energy intake in medical students, and dietary intake with some exceptions, remained stable during 1987–2012, and close to the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations for most nutrients. Between 2007 and 2012, fat intake increased and carbohydrate intake decreased significantly in women and also tended to do so in men. Similar trends were seen in the Swedish population, possibly indicating the impact of diet trends such as the Low-Carb/High-Fat diet.
A world without why: A Review
Authors: Newey Glen
Published: October 2015

A World Without Why collects essays, of which some are new, others already published, on topics that interest Raymond Geuss, including architecture, theology, Marxism, tragedy, ethics and the (lack of) unity of academic philosophy as a discipline. A theme running through the essays is a critical, or at least skeptical, stance towards the ‘Enlightenment project’ of explanation and rationalisation, familiar from the Frankfurt School. In Geuss, that stance may in the end express, despite everything, a thwarted Kantian hope: that reason, and it alone, can make things make sense.
Cities, citizenship and civic learning: Introduction to the special edition
Authors: Biesta Gert , Cowell Gillian
Published: October 2015

The city – both as idea and as reality – remains an important reference point for thinking through questions of citizenship and democracy. From an educational point of view the city can therefore be seen as an important site for civic learning, that is, for the learning relevant for democratic citizenship. One important question this raises is how we might best understand and theorise processes and practices of civic learning – a question with important ramifications for pedagogic practices that seek to enhance and promote democratic citizenship. The three papers brought together in this collection pursue these theoretical lines through an exploration of civic learning in the context of practices of civic action in a range of geographical locations and settings, and through a range of different actions and activities. In each case the focus is not on the transmission of existing civic identities so as to reproduce the existing socio-political order, but on far more difficult and, in the eyes of the authors far more important, processes of democratic invention and intervention, action and activity that seek to establish public relationships and contexts and practices that promote the establishment of such relationships. These processes, as the contributions show, are neither easy, nor are they without tensions and contradictions. Yet the careful documentation and critical analysis conducted by each of the authors brings into view very different dimensions of civic action and civic learning than what official statistics tend to reveal about so-called ‘active’ citizenship.
Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia) Extract Inhibits Tumorigenicity and Overcomes Cisplatin-Resistance in Ovarian Cancer Cells Through Targeting AMPK Signaling Cascade
Authors: Yung Mingo M. H. , Ross Fiona A. , Hardie D. Grahame , Leung Thomas H. Y. , Zhan Jinbiao , Ngan Hextan Y. S. , Chan David W.
Published: October 2015

Objective. Acquired chemoresistance is a major obstacle in the clinical management of ovarian cancer. Therefore, searching for alternative therapeutic modalities is urgently needed. Bitter melon ( Momordica charantia) is a traditional dietary fruit, but its extract also shows potential medicinal values in human diabetes and cancers. Here, we sought to investigate the extract of bitter melon (BME) in antitumorigenic and cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in ovarian cancer cells. Methods. Three varieties of bitter melon were used to prepare the BME. Ovarian cancer cell lines, human immortalized epithelial ovarian cells (HOSEs), and nude mice were used to evaluate the cell cytotoxicity, cisplatin resistance, and tumor inhibitory effect of BME. The molecular mechanism of BME was examined by Western blotting. Results. Cotreatment with BME and cisplatin markedly attenuated tumor growth in vitro and in vivo in a mouse xenograft model, whereas there was no observable toxicity in HOSEs or in nude mice in vivo. Interestingly, the antitumorigenic effects of BME varied with different varieties of bitter melon, suggesting that the amount of antitumorigenic substances may vary. Studies of the molecular mechanism demonstrated that BME activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in an AMP-independent but CaMKK (Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase)-dependent manner, exerting anticancer effects through activation of AMPK and suppression of the mTOR/p70S6K and/or the AKT/ERK/FOXM1 (Forkhead Box M1) signaling cascade. Conclusion. BME functions as a natural AMPK activator in the inhibition of ovarian cancer cell growth and might be useful as a supplement to improve the efficacy of cisplatin-based chemotherapy in ovarian cancer.
Does the Presence of a Major Psychiatric Disorder Affect Tolerance and Outcomes in Men With Prostate Cancer Receiving Radiation Therapy?
Authors: Safdieh Joseph J. , Schwartz David , Rineer Justin , Weiner Joseph P. , Wong Andrew , Schreiber David
Published: October 2015

Prior studies have suggested that men with prostate cancer and psychiatric disorders (+Psy) have worse outcomes compared with those without (−Psy), particularly due to delayed diagnosis or reduced access to definitive treatment. In the current study, the toxicity and outcomes of men who were primarily diagnosed through prostate-specific antigen screening and who underwent definitive treatment with external beam radiation was investigated. The charts of 469 men diagnosed with prostate cancer from 2003 to 2010 were reviewed. The presence of +Psy was based on a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders–Fourth edition diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and/or generalized anxiety disorder. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to analyze biochemical control, distant control, prostate cancer–specific survival, and overall survival. One hundred patients (21.3%) were identified as +Psy. At a median follow-up of 73 months, there were no differences regarding 6-year biochemical control (79.8% −Psy vs. 80.4% +Psy, p = .50) or 6-year distant metastatic-free survival (96.4% −Psy vs. 98.0% +Psy, p = .36). There were also no differences regarding the 6-year prostate cancer–specific survival (98.4% −Psy vs. 99.0% +Psy, p = .45) or 6-year overall survival (80.2% −Psy vs. 82.2% +Psy, p = .35). Short- and long-term genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicities were similar between the groups. On multivariate analyses with propensity score adjustment, +Psy was not a significant predictor for toxicity, biochemical recurrence, or survival. The presence of +Psy was not associated with higher toxicity or worse clinical outcomes, suggesting that effective removal of screening and treatment barriers may reduce the survival disparities of these patients.
‘Should I Stay or Should I go?’ Exploring Leadership-as-Practice in the Middle Management Role
Authors: Kempster Steve , Gregory Sarah H
Published: October 2015

This article explores dilemmas in middle manager work through the perspective of leadership-as-practice. An autoethnographic account is outlined of how a dilemma is addressed by a middle manager. The account shows how a dilemma faced by a middle manager needs to be understood as situated within the flow of activity that is itself nested in a context of roles and relationships as well as the strategic context. The authors show how the outcome of the dilemma became accommodated within the emergent practice in the organization with no sense of recognition of the dilemma’s impact. The notion of middle manager agency within leadership-as-practice is explored through aspects of moral disengagement. The article problematizes two aspects: firstly, that normative ethical theorizing has been unable to cater for the complexity of middle manager work seen through the practice lens; second, that notions of leadership as ‘leader’ appear absent from the narrative describing middle manager work when seen through the lens of traditional leadership theory. Finally, the article gives insight and structure to researching leadership-as-practice.
Evaluation of Death Cases Connected to Electric Current in Aydin Province, Western Turkey
Authors: Dirlik Musa , Gün Berk , Kallem Füsun Ç.
Published: October 2015

In this article, the authors discuss electric shock fatalities in Aydın province and compare these findings with the findings of other studies conducted in Turkey and worldwide. Data were gathered from 2001-2013 autopsy reports retrospectively. A total of 34 cases were reviewed in terms of age and gender, scene and time of event, number of lesions and their locations, organ injuries, origin of electricity, and degree of burns. In all cases, electrical death was accidental. Electrical shock fatalities were most common in the 30 to 39 age group. Fourteen cases (41.2%) involved workers: 7 cases (2.6%) were agricultural workers, 4 cases (11.8%) were housewives, 2 (5.9%) were electrical workers, and 7 (20.6%) were unemployed or in other occupations. The authors are addressing this public health problem to minimize the number of electrical deaths.
Identification of the Ki-1 antigen (CD30) as a novel therapeutic target in systemic mastocytosis
Authors: Blatt Katharina , Cerny-Reiterer Sabine , Schwaab Juliana , Sotlar Karl , Eisenwort Gregor , Stefanzl Gabriele , Hoermann Gregor , Mayerhofer Matthias , Schneeweiss Mathias , Knapp Sylvia , Rülicke Thomas , Hadzijusufovic Emir , Bauer Karin , Smiljkovic Dubravka , Willmann Michael , Reiter Andreas , Horny Hans-Peter , Valent Peter
Published: October 2015

Key Points

In a majority of patients with advanced SM, neoplastic MCs express the target receptor CD30. The CD30-targeting drug brentuximab-vedotin blocks growth and survival in CD30+ neoplastic MCs which favors drug development in advanced SM.
Metamorphic remodeling of morphology and the body cavity in Phoronopsis harmeri (Lophotrochozoa, Phoronida): the evolution of the phoronid body plan and life cycle
Authors: Temereva Elena N. , Malakhov Vladimir V.
Published: October 2015

Background

Phoronids undergo a remarkable metamorphosis, in which some parts of the larval body are consumed by the juvenile and the body plan completely changes. According to the only previous hypothesis concerning the evolution of the phoronid body plan, a hypothetical ancestor of phoronids inhabited a U-shaped burrow in soft sediment, where it drew the anterior and posterior parts of the body together and eventually fused them. In the current study, we investigated the metamorphosis ofPhoronopsis harmeriwith light, electron, and laser confocal microscopy.

Results

During metamorphosis, the larval hood is engulfed by the juvenile; the epidermis of the postroral ciliated band is squeezed from the tentacular epidermis and then engulfed; the larval telotroch undergoes cell death and disappears; and the juvenile body forms from the metasomal sack of the larva. The dorsal side of the larva becomes very short, whereas the ventral side becomes very long. The terminal portion of the juvenile body is the ampulla, which can repeatedly increase and decrease in diameter. This flexibility of the ampulla enables the juvenile to dig into the sediment. The large blastocoel of the larval collar gives rise to the lophophoral blood vessels of the juvenile. The dorsal blood vessel of the larva becomes the definitive median blood vessel. The juvenile inherits the larval protocoel, mesocoel, and metacoel. Late in metamorphosis, however, the protocoel loses its epithelial structure: the desmosomes between cells and the basal lamina under the cells disappear. This loss may reflect a reduction of the protocoel, which is a characteristic of some recent phoronids.

Conclusions

Based on our investigation ofP. harmerimetamorphosis, we hypothesize that the phoronid ancestor was worm-like animal that possessed preoral, tentacular, and trunk coeloms. It lived on the soft sediment and collected food with its tentacles. When threatened, this worm-like ancestor buried itself in the soft sediment by means of the ventral protrusion into which the loop of the intestine and the blood vessels were drawn. We propose that this behavior gave rise to the body plan of all recent phoronids. The evolution of phoronid life cycle seems having more in common with“intercalation” than “terminal addition” theories.
Multidimensional common fixed point theorems under probabilistic φ-contractive conditions in multidimensional Menger probabilistic metric spaces
Authors: Zhu Chuanxi , Wei Zhe , Wu Zhaoqi , Xu Wenqing
Published: October 2015

In this paper, we introduce the new concepts of multidimensional Menger probabilistic metric spaces and related fixed point for a pair of mappings T: $\underbrace{X\times X\times\cdots\times X}_{n}\rightarrow X $ and A: $X\rightarrow X$
X
→
X
. Utilizing the properties of the related triangular norm and the compatibility of A with T, some multidimensional common fixed point problems of hybrid probabilistic contractions with a gauge function φ are studied. The obtained results generalize some coupled and triple common fixed point theorems in the corresponding literature. Finally, an example is given to illustrate our main results.