bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arqueologia da Arquitectura em Contexto Urbano: reflexões a partir de três exemplos da cidade de Braga, Portugal
Authors: Fontes Luis , Catalão Sofia , Alves Mafalda
Published: February 2011

[pt] A Arqueologia Urbana afirmou-se, a partir da década de 60 do século XX, como uma área disciplinar imprescindível para a definição estratégica do desenvolvimento de qualquer cidade histórica. Actualmente, a Arqueologia da Arquitectura, pelo seu potencial instrumental e metodológico, vem demonstrando que poderá dar um contributo significativo para a renovação das problemáticas de estudo do urbanismo, tanto na área do registo e documentação do existente, como na área da interpretação da evolução histórica das cidades. Neste artigo apresenta-se a experiência do projecto de estudo arqueológico da cidade de Braga, coordenado pela Unidade de Arqueologia da Universidade do Minho, discutindo três exemplos de intervenções no espaço urbano que, em nossa opinião, se enquadram na área mais específica da Arqueologia da Arquitectura e demonstram a importância da sua aplicação.
Empleo del método estratigráfico en el estudio de la vivienda rural vernácula construida con tierra. Un caso de aplicación en La Rioja, Argentina
Authors: Rolón Guillermo , Rotondaro Rodolfo
Published: February 2011

La Arquitectura en Tierra, como campo temático específico dentro de la disciplina de Arquitectura, renace a partir del último cuarto de siglo XX impulsada por la urgente necesidad de preservar este tipo de patrimonio construido en todo el mundo. En la actualidad, su campo de acción se ha incrementado notablemente, del mismo modo que su vinculación con otras disciplinas. En este texto exponemos los resultados previos surgidos del estudio de un edificio histórico doméstico en tierra empleando herramientas teóricas y metodológicas desarrolladas en el ámbito de la Arqueología de la Arquitectura. El caso abordado corresponde a una vivienda rural popular construida durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX en la región de los valles de la provincia argentina de La Rioja, con continuidad de uso hasta la actualidad. El estudio fue realizado empleando conjuntamente el método estratigráfico de alzados, la tipología de vivienda rural y el análisis de las diferentes técnicas constructivas.
Propuesta para la documentación y clasificación de las técnicas constructivas romanas
Authors: Pizzo Antonio
Published: February 2011

Este artículo pretende formalizar y redefinir el análisis de las técnicas constructivas de un contexto arquitectónico de época romana, planteando para ello documentar una serie de parámetros que permitan comprender y homogeneizar el proceso de clasificación y con el objetivo futuro de una puesta en común de los datos registrados. Este camino, escasamente utilizado por la arqueología clásica, necesita, en nuestra opinión, de un evidente proceso de generalización en el ámbito de la Arqueología de la Arquitectura que, sin embargo, no termina de difundirse en los análisis arquitectónicos de las construcciones romanas. En este sentido, se presenta una ficha-tipo que facilita un amplio abanico de posibilidades contempladas a lo largo de varias experiencias en contextos territoriales diferentes. El sistema de registro propuesto se plantea para la primera etapa de documentación y clasificación de los aspectos técnicos relacionados con la arquitectura de época romana, considerándose el mismo como un sistema abierto a la inserción de nuevos campos según los territorios y materiales analizados.
El Castillo de Chipiona (Cádiz)
Authors: De Alba Romero Margarita
Published: February 2011

En este artículo presentamos una síntesis de las investigaciones arqueológicas desarrolladas en el Castillo de Chipiona (Chipiona, Cádiz) durante el año 2007 centradas fundamentalmente en el análisis paramental de sus estructuras embrionarias. La lectura estratigráfica y el estudio murario mostraron la evolución constructiva de un edificio polifásico de origen bajomedievalmoderno en uso hasta la actualidad. Aunque su tipología constructiva responde a la de un edificio defensivo tradicionalmente identificado como «Castillo» sin embargo parece responder más bien al esquema tradicional de «Torre», «Casa-Torre» o «Casa-Fuerte».
El Fuerte de Lanteira (Granada). Análisis de una fortificación de alquería de época nazarí
Authors: Jiménez Puertas Miguel , García-Contreras Ruiz Guillermo , Mattei Luca
Published: February 2011

La intervención arqueológica de apoyo a la restauración llevada a cabo en el torreón de época medieval conocido como «El Fuerte», situado en el pueblo de Lanteira (Granada), en la cara norte de Sierra Nevada, nos ha permitido analizar con detalle su estructura y las distintas técnicas constructivas utilizadas, así como datar la construcción en los siglos XIV o XV.
Aunque el objetivo fundamental ha sido describir las características de esta estructura de época nazarí, también hemos integrado su estudio en el contexto de la evolución del poblamiento medieval de su entorno, pero además hemos intentado aproximarnos a su dimensión social y política, en el contexto del debate histórico sobre el último Estado islámico peninsular, sometido a la presión militar castellana. Palabras clave: Fortificaciones rurales, Torres de alquería
Clinical Significance of Serum Zinc Levels in Cerebral Ischemia
Authors: Bhatt Archit , Farooq Muhammad U. , Enduri Sailaja , Pillainayagam Clement , Naravetla Bharath , Razak Anmar , Safdar Adnan , Hussain Syed , Kassab Mounzer , Majid Arshad
Published: February 2011

Background. Zinc mediates several vital physiological, enzymatic and cellular functions. The association between serum zinc and stroke outcome has not been previously evaluated.Methods. This single center retrospective study was conducted on consecutive stroke () and TIA () patients. We sought to determine whether serum zinc concentrations in patients with acute ischemic strokes were associated with stroke severity and poor functional status at discharge, respectively.Results. Overall, out of the 224 patients analyzed (mean age 67 years), 35.7% patients had low zinc levels (65 mcg/dL). Patients with stroke () were more likely to have low zinc levels (, CI , ) compared to patients with TIA (). For patients with stroke (), multivariate analysis showed that low serum zinc levels (OR 2.82, CI , ) and strokes with admission severe strokes () (OR 2.68, CI , ) were independently associated with poor functional status () at discharge from the hospital.Conclusion. Low serum zinc concentrations are associated with more severe strokes on admission and poor functional status at discharge.
Corrosion Inhibition Effect of 4-(2-Diethylamino-Ethylsulfonyl)-Phthalonitrile and 4,5-Bis(Hexylsulfonyl)-Phthalonitrile
Authors: Sezer Esma , Ustamehmetoğlu Belkis , Bayır Zehra Altuntaş , Çoban Kerim , Kalkan Ayfer
Published: February 2011

Inhibition of stainless steel corrosion in a 3.0 M NaCl solution by 4-(2-diethylamino-ethylsulfanyl)-phthalonitrile (DAESPN) and 4,5-bis(hexylsulfonyl)-phthalonitrile (Bis-HSPN) was investigated by polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The values of cathodic (βc) and anodic (βa) Tafel slopes, , , corrosion rate (CR), and inhibition efficiences (IE%) obtained from polarization curves and polarization resistance (), double-layer capacitance (), specific capacitance () values were obtained from EIS. Double-layer capacitance differences in the presence and absence of inhibitors were also obtained from EIS measurements as suggested in the literature in order to investigate the interaction of them with metal surface. Results show that both DAESPN and Bis-HSPN are effective in cathodic reaction. Impedance measurements suggest higher surface coverage for DAESPN. The interaction between the inhibitor and the stainless steel was investigated by the adsorption isotherm. Langmuir adsorption isotherm was applied and values were obtained and found as , and 9.2 kJ, 12.5 kJ for DAESPN and Bis-HSPN, respectively, which suggests the electrostatic interaction between charged metal surface and charged organic molecules.
17α-Ethynyl-5α-androstane-3α, 17β-diol Treatment of MNU-Induced Mammary Cancer in Rats
Authors: Ahlem Clarence N. , Frincke James M. , White Steven K. , Reading Christopher L. , Trauger Richard J. , Lakshmanaswamy Rajkumar
Published: February 2011

N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) induces estrogen-dependent mammary tumors in female Lewis rats. We explored the antineoplastic activity of a synthetic androstane derivative, 17α-ethynyl-5α-androstane-3α, 17β-diol (HE3235), as a single agent or in combination with docetaxel compared to tamoxifen, anastrazole, and docetaxel monotherapies against MNU-induced mammary tumors in female Lewis rats. Treatment with HE3235 alone rapidly reduced tumor burden, similar in effect to tamoxifen and anastrozole. The combination of HE3235 with docetaxel was more effective than any single agent, although without apparent toxicity. Only HE3235 or HE3235 plus docetaxel continued to suppress tumor growth after cessation of treatment. HE3235 treatment increased immunohistochemical markers of apoptosis and expression of proapoptotic genes and estrogen receptor beta and decreased expression of antiapoptotic genes, androgen receptor, and estrogen receptor alpha. These data warrant clinical investigation of HE3235 for breast cancer treatment.
Benefits of Exercise in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Cooney Jennifer K. , Law Rebecca-Jane , Matschke Verena , Lemmey Andrew B. , Moore Jonathan P. , Ahmad Yasmeen , Jones Jeremy G. , Maddison Peter , Thom Jeanette M.
Published: February 2011

This paper aims to highlight the importance of exercise in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to demonstrate the multitude of beneficial effects that properly designed exercise training has in this population. RA is a chronic, systemic, autoimmune disease characterised by decrements to joint health including joint pain and inflammation, fatigue, increased incidence and progression of cardiovascular disease, and accelerated loss of muscle mass, that is, “rheumatoid cachexia”. These factors contribute to functional limitation, disability, comorbidities, and reduced quality of life. Exercise training for RA patients has been shown to be efficacious in reversing cachexia and substantially improving function without exacerbating disease activity and is likely to reduce cardiovascular risk. Thus, all RA patients should be encouraged to include aerobic and resistance exercise training as part of routine care. Understanding the perceptions of RA patients and health professionals to exercise is key to patients initiating and adhering to effective exercise training.
EGFR Signaling in Colorectal Carcinoma
Authors: Krasinskas Alyssa M.
Published: February 2011

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its downstream signaling pathways are involved in the development and progression of several human tumors, including colorectal cancer. Much attention has been given to the EGFR pathway as of lately because both EGFR and some downstream components serve as targets for anticancer therapy. In addition to playing a critical role in targeted therapy, alterations in this pathway can have prognostic implications. The EGFR pathway and its impact on colorectal carcinogenesis and prognosis are the emphasis of this paper. Since prognosis is tightly related to response to various therapies, the predictive value of the components of this pathway will be briefly discussed, but this is not the focus of this paper.
Differential Pulse Voltammetric Determination of Fulvestrant in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Serum Samples
Authors: Kul Dilek , Doğan-Topal Burcu , Özkan Sibel A. , Uslu Bengi
Published: February 2011

The electrooxidation behavior and determination of fulvestrant at a glassy carbon electrode were investigated. The voltammetric study of the model compounds allowed elucidating the possible oxidation mechanism of fulvestrant. The dependence of the peak current and peak potentials on pH, concentration, nature of the buffer, and scan rate was determined. The oxidation of fulvestrant showed a single and irreversible peak at glassy carbon electrode, and the process was found diffusion controlled. Linear responses were obtained for the concentrations between4×10−6M and6×10−5M in standard samples and between2×10−5M and1×10−4M in serum samples. The repeatability of the method was found 0.93 RSD%. The repeatability, reproducibility, precision, and accuracy of proposed method were investigated.
Safety and Efficacy of Paliperidone Extended-Release in Acute and Maintenance Treatment of Schizophrenia
Authors: Spina Edoardo , Crupi Rosalia
Published: February 2011

Paliperidone, the major active metabolite of risperidone, is a second-generation antipsychotic that has been developed as an extended-release (ER) tablet formulation that minimizes peak-trough fluctuations in plasma concentrations, allowing once-daily administration and constant drug delivery. Paliperidone ER has demonstrated efficacy in the reduction of acute schizophrenia symptoms in 6-week, placebo-controlled, double-blind trials and clinical benefits were maintained in the longer-term according to extension studies of up to 52 weeks in duration. Compared with quetiapine, paliperidone ER was associated with a more rapid symptom improvement. In addition, it was more effective than placebo in the prevention of symptom recurrence. Paliperidone ER is generally well tolerated with a predictable adverse event profile. Like risperidone, it is associated with a dose-dependent risk of extrapyramidal symptoms and prolactin elevation. Short-and longer-term studies have indicated a low liability for paliperidone ER to cause metabolic (ie, weight gain, hyperglycaemia and lipid dysregulation) or cardiovascular adverse effects. Available safety data from elderly patients appear to be promising. Due to negligible hepatic biotransformation, paliperidone ER is unlikely to be involved in clinically significant metabolic drug-drug interactions. Additional active comparator trials evaluating efficacy, tolerability and cost-effectiveness are required to better define the role of paliperidone ER in the treatment of schizophrenia in relation to other currently available second-generation antipsychotics, particularly risperidone.
Levetiracetam Extended Release as Adjuvant Therapy for the Control of Partial-onset Seizures
Authors: Sonmezturk Hasan H. , Azar Nabil J.
Published: February 2011

Extended release (XR) formulation of levetiracetam (LEV) is approved by the Food and Drug Administration as an add-on to other antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) for adults with partial onset seizures. This is based on class-I evidence demonstrating significant seizure reduction in once daily dosing. Keppra-XR is marketed with the brand name of Keppra XR since 2008 (UCB Pharma). Its original immediate release (IR) formulation has been in the market since 2000. LEV has a unique molecular structure which is chemically unrelated to existing AEDs. The precise mechanism of action is unknown. Animal studies showed binding to synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, thought to be involved in modulating synaptic neurotransmitter release. LEV-IR is proven effective as adjunctive therapy for partial-onset seizures, primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures and myoclonic seizures. It was shown to be equivalent to carbamazepine as first-line treatment for partial-onset seizures. The extended release formulation added advantages such as better tolerance and increased compliance.
Absorption Ångström coefficient, brown carbon, and aerosols: basic concepts, bulk matter, and spherical particles
Authors: Moosmüller H. , Chakrabarty R. K. , Ehlers K. M. , Arnott W. P.
Published: February 2011

Abstract. The concept of wavelength-dependent absorption Ångström coefficients (AACs) is discussed and clarified for both single and two-wavelengths AACs and guidance for their implementation with noisy absorption spectra is provided. This discussion is followed by application of the concept to models for brown carbon bulk absorption spectra including the damped simple harmonic oscillator model, its Lorentzian approximation, and the band-gap model with and without Urbach tail. We show that the band-gap model with Urbach tail always has an unphysical discontinuity in the first derivative of the AAC at the band-gap – Urbach-tail matching wavelength. Complex refractive indices obtained from the bulk damped simple harmonic oscillator model are used to calculate absorption spectra for spherical particles, followed by a discussion of their features. For bulk material and small particles, this model predicts a monotonic decrease of the AAC with wavelength well above the resonance wavelength; the model predicts a monotonic increase for large particles.
Effect of relative humidity on SOA formation from isoprene/NO photooxidation: role of particle-phase esterification under dry conditions
Authors: Zhang H. , Surratt J. D. , Lin Y. H. , Bapat J. , Kamens R. M.
Published: February 2011

Abstract. The effect of relative humidity (RH) on secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from the photooxidation of isoprene under initially high-nitric oxide (NO) conditions was investigated in a dual outdoor smog chamber. Based upon particle volume concentration measurements and the detailed chemical characterization of isoprene SOA using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and ultra performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization high-resolution quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-HR-Q-TOFMS), enhanced SOA formation was observed under lower RH conditions (15–40%) compared to higher RH conditions (40–90%). 2-methylglyceric acid (2-MG) and its corresponding oligoesters, which have been previously shown to form from further oxidation of methacryloylperoxynitrate (MPAN), were enhanced in the particle-phase under lower RH conditions. In addition, an abundant unknown SOA tracer likely derived from the further oxidation of MPAN was detected and enhanced under lower RH conditions. In contrast, the 2-methyltetrols, which are known to form from the reactive uptake of isoprene epoxydiols (IEPOX) under low-NO conditions in the presence of acidified aerosol, did not substantially vary under different RH conditions; however, isoprene-derived organosulfates were found to be enhanced under high-RH conditions, indicating the likely importance of the aqueous aerosol phase in their formation. Based upon the detailed chemical characterization results, particle-phase organic esterification is proposed to explain the observed enhancements of isoprene SOA mass under lower RH conditions. This is one of only a few chamber studies that have examined the effect of RH on isoprene SOA formation. In comparison to our recent results obtained from aromatic SOA formation, the effect of RH on isoprene SOA formation is reversed. The results of this study highlight the importance of elucidating the key reactive intermediates that lead to SOA formation, especially since RH likely affects their ability in forming SOA. Furthermore, ignoring the effects of RH may significantly affect the accuracy of both regional and global SOA models.
Evaluation of the flux gradient technique for measurement of ozone surface fluxes over snowpack at Summit, Greenland
Authors: Bocquet F. , Helmig D. , Van Dam B. A. , Fairall C. W.
Published: February 2011

Abstract. A multi-step procedure for investigating ozone surface fluxes over polar snow by the tower gradient method was developed and evaluated. These measurements were then used to obtain four months of turbulent ozone flux data at the Summit research camp located in the center of the Greenland ice shield. Turbulent fluxes were determined by the aerodynamic gradient method incorporating tower measurements of (a) ozone gradients measured by commercial ultraviolet absorption analyzers, (b) ambient temperature gradients using aspirated thermocouple sensors, and (c) wind speed gradients determined by cup anemometers. All gradient instruments were regularly inter-compared by bringing sensors or inlets to the same measurement height. The developed protocol resulted in an uncertainty on the order of 0.1 ppbv for 30-min averaged ozone gradients that were used for the ozone flux calculations. This protocol facilitated a lower sensitivity threshold for the ozone flux determination of −8 × 10−3 μg m−2 s−1, respectively ~0.01 cm s−1 for the ozone deposition velocity for typical environmental conditions encountered at Summit. Uncertainty in the 30-min ozone exchange measurements (evaluated by the Monte Carlo statistical approach) was on the order of 10−2 cm s−1. This uncertainty typically accounted to ~20–100% of the ozone exchange velocities that were determined. These measurements are among the most sensitive ozone deposition determinations reported to date. This flux experiment, deployed at Summit for a period of four months, allowed for measurements of the relatively low ozone uptake rates encountered for polar snow, and thereby the study of their environmental and seasonal dependencies.
Free atmospheric CO2 enrichment increased above ground biomass but did not affect symbiotic N2-fixation and soil carbon dynamics in a mixed deciduous stand in Wales
Authors: Hoosbeek M. R. , Lukac M. , Velthorst E. , Smith A. R. , Godbold D. L.
Published: February 2011

Abstract. Through increases in net primary production (NPP), elevated CO2 is hypothesized to increase the amount of plant litter entering the soil. The fate of this extra carbon on the forest floor or in mineral soil is currently not clear. Moreover, increased rates of NPP can be maintained only if forests can escape nitrogen limitation. In a Free atmospheric CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiment near Bangor, Wales, 4 ambient and 4 elevated [CO2] plots were planted with patches of Betula pendula, Alnus glutinosa and Fagus sylvatica on a former arable field. After 4 years, biomass averaged for the 3 species was 5497 (se 270) g m−2 in ambient and 6450 (se 130) g m−2 in elevated [CO2] plots, a significant increase of 17% (P = 0.018). During that time, only a shallow L forest floor litter layer had formed due to intensive bioturbation. Total soil C and N contents increased irrespective of treatment and species as a result of afforestation. We could not detect an additional C sink in the soil, nor were soil C stabilization processes affected by elevated [CO2]. We observed a decrease of leaf N content in Betula and Alnus under elevated [CO2], while the soil C/N ratio decreased regardless of CO2 treatment. The ratio of N taken up from the soil and by N2-fixation in Alnus was not affected by elevated [CO2]. We infer that increased nitrogen use efficiency is the mechanism by which increased NPP is sustained under elevated [CO2] at this site.
Examining moisture and temperature sensitivity of soil organic matter decomposition in a temperate coniferous forest soil
Authors: Gabriel C. E. , Kellman L.
Published: February 2011

Abstract. Temperature and moisture are primary environmental drivers of soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition, and the development of a better understanding fo their roles in this process through depth in soils is needed. The objective of this research is to independently assess the roles of temperature and moisture in driving heterotrophic soil respiration for shallow and deep soils in a temperate red spruce forest. Minimally disturbed soil cores from shallow (0–25 cm) and deep (25–50 cm) layers were extracted from a 20 yr old red spruce stand and were then transferred to a climate chamber where they were incubated for 3 months under constant and diurnal temperature regimes. Soils were subjected to different watering treatments representing a full range of water contents. Temperature, moisture, and CO2 surface flux were assessed daily for all soils and continuously on a subset of the microcosms. The results from this study indicate that shallow soils dominate the contribution to surface flux (90%) and respond more predictably to moisture than deep soils. An optimum moisture range of 0.15 to 0.60 water-filled pore space was observed for microbial SOM decomposition in shallow cores across which a relatively invariant temperature sensitivity was observed. For soil moisture conditions experienced by most field sites in this region, flux-temperature relationships alone can be used to reasonably estimate heterotrophic respiration, as in this range moisture does not alter flux, with the exception of rewetting events along the lower part of this optimal range. Outside this range, however, soil moisture determines SOM decomposition rates.
Flood risks in urbanized areas – multi-sensoral approaches using remotely sensed data for risk assessment
Authors: Taubenböck H. , Wurm M. , Netzband M. , Zwenzner H. , Roth A. , Rahman A. , Dech S.
Published: February 2011

Abstract. Estimating flood risks and managing disasters combines knowledge in climatology, meteorology, hydrology, hydraulic engineering, statistics, planning and geography – thus a complex multi-faceted problem. This study focuses on the capabilities of multi-source remote sensing data to support decision-making before, during and after a flood event. With our focus on urbanized areas, sample methods and applications show multi-scale products from the hazard and vulnerability perspective of the risk framework. From the hazard side, we present capabilities with which to assess flood-prone areas before an expected disaster. Then we map the spatial impact during or after a flood and finally, we analyze damage grades after a flood disaster. From the vulnerability side, we monitor urbanization over time on an urban footprint level, classify urban structures on an individual building level, assess building stability and quantify probably affected people. The results show a large database for sustainable development and for developing mitigation strategies, ad-hoc coordination of relief measures and organizing rehabilitation.
Hidden semi-Markov Model based earthquake classification system using Weighted Finite-State Transducers
Authors: Beyreuther M. , Wassermann J.
Published: February 2011

Abstract. Automatic earthquake detection and classification is required for efficient analysis of large seismic datasets. Such techniques are particularly important now because access to measures of ground motion is nearly unlimited and the target waveforms (earthquakes) are often hard to detect and classify. Here, we propose to use models from speech synthesis which extend the double stochastic models from speech recognition by integrating a more realistic duration of the target waveforms. The method, which has general applicability, is applied to earthquake detection and classification. First, we generate characteristic functions from the time-series. The Hidden semi-Markov Models are estimated from the characteristic functions and Weighted Finite-State Transducers are constructed for the classification. We test our scheme on one month of continuous seismic data, which corresponds to 370 151 classifications, showing that incorporating the time dependency explicitly in the models significantly improves the results compared to Hidden Markov Models.
Strongly nonlinear, simple internal waves in continuously-stratified, shallow fluids
Authors: Ostrovsky L. A. , Helfrich K. R.
Published: February 2011

Abstract. Strongly nonlinear internal waves in a layer with arbitrary stratification are considered in the hydrostatic approximation. It is shown that "simple waves" having a variable vertical structure can emerge from a wide class of initial conditions. The equations describing such waves have been obtained using the isopycnal coordinate as a variable. Emergence of simple waves from an initial Gaussian impulse is numerically investigated for different density profiles, from two- and three-layer structure to the continuous one. Besides the first mode, examples of second- and third-mode simple waves are given.
Measurements of bubble size spectra within leads in the Arctic summer pack ice
Authors: Norris S. J. , Brooks I. M. , de Leeuw G. , Sirevaag A. , Leck C. , Brooks B. J. , Birch C. E. , Tjernström M.
Published: February 2011

Abstract. The first measurements of bubble size spectra within the near-surface waters of open leads in the central Arctic pack ice were obtained during the Arctic Summer Cloud-Ocean Study (ASCOS) in August 2008 at 87–87.6° N, 1–11° W. A significant number of small bubbles (30–100 μm diameter) were present, with concentration decreasing rapidly with size from 100–560 μm; no bubbles larger than 560 μm were observed. The bubbles were present both during periods of low wind speed (U<6 m s−1) and when ice covered the surface of the lead. The low wind and short open-water fetch precludes production of bubbles by wave breaking suggesting that the bubbles are generated by processes below the surface. When the surface water was open to the atmosphere bubble concentrations increased with increasing heat loss to the atmosphere. The presence of substantial numbers of bubbles is significant because the bursting of bubbles at the surface provides a mechanism for the generation of aerosol and the ejection of biological material from the ocean into the atmosphere. Such a transfer has previously been proposed as a potential climate feedback linking marine biology and Arctic cloud properties.
Lettre de l'éditeur
Authors: Michael Colette
Published: February 2011

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La vie philosophique en Amérique
Authors: Racevskis Karlis
Published: February 2011

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La vie philosophique en France
Authors: Douailler Stéphane , Vermeren Patrice
Published: February 2011

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Publications récentes
Authors: Editors The
Published: February 2011

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Lettres de nos lectures
Authors: Editors The
Published: February 2011

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Petite chronique historique
Authors: Editors The
Published: February 2011

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Vue d'Amérique
Authors: Michael Colette
Published: February 2011

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Vue de France
Authors: Gabaude Jean-Marc
Published: February 2011

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Aux ecoutes
Authors: Editors The
Published: February 2011

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Compte rendu
Authors: Faye Emmanuel
Published: February 2011

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Sous l'Egide de la Chronique
Authors: Editors The
Published: February 2011

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Aux Ecoutes
Authors: Editors The
Published: February 2011

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Vue d'Amérique
Authors: Reagan Charles
Published: February 2011

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La vie philosophique en France
Authors: Michael Colette
Published: February 2011

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Bibliographie
Authors: Racevskis Karlis
Published: February 2011

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Lawrence A. Blum and Victor J. Seidler, A Truer Liberty: Simone Weil and Marxism
Authors: Editors The
Published: February 2011

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Ronald Bogue, Critics of the Twentieth Century: Deleuze and Guattari
Authors: Editors The
Published: February 2011

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Bernard d'Espagnat, Reality and the Physicist: Knowledge, Duration and the Quantum World
Authors: Editors The
Published: February 2011

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Kevin Hart, Trespass of the Sign: Deconstruction, Theology, and Philosophy
Authors: Editors The
Published: February 2011

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Elizabeth Grosz, Jacques Lacan
Authors: Editors The
Published: February 2011

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Gary Gutting, Michel Foucault's Archaeology of Scientific Reason
Authors: Editors The
Published: February 2011

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Mary Wiseman, The Ecstasies of Roland Barthes
Authors: Editors The
Published: February 2011

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Entre "intrigue" et "métaphor": la poétique de P. Ricoeur devant la spécificité du poème
Authors: Meitinger Serge
Published: February 2011

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Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Collected Writings of Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Vol. I
Authors: Michael Colette
Published: February 2011

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Bibliographie
Authors: Racevskis Karl
Published: February 2011

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Vient de paraitre
Authors: Editors The
Published: February 2011

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Calls for Papers
Authors: Editors The
Published: February 2011

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Au fil de la lecture
Authors: Editors The
Published: February 2011

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Sous l'Égide de la Chronique
Authors: Editors The
Published: February 2011

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Vue d'Amérique
Authors: Caws Peter
Published: February 2011

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Gayle L. Ormiston and Alan D. Schrift (eds.), The Hermeneutic Tradition: From Ast to Ricoeur
Authors: Gendreau Bernard
Published: February 2011

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Joan Borrell, L'artiste-roi: essais sur les représentations
Authors: Michael Colette
Published: February 2011

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Call for Papers
Authors: Editors The
Published: February 2011

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The Political Implications of Foucault's Philosophy
Authors: Racevskis Karlis
Published: February 2011

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Attestation and Testimony: Paul Ricoeur's Hermeneutics of the Self and Jean Nabert's Hermeneutics of Testimony
Authors: Lewis Jeff
Published: February 2011

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L'ouvre dialogique de François Cantagrel
Authors: Thomas Jean-Paul
Published: February 2011

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Marivaux, le masque, l'habit et l'être
Authors: D'Hondt Jacques
Published: February 2011

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Jean-Joseph Goux, The Feminist Challenge to Totems and Icons: Less Art and More Matter
Authors: Mazzoula Michael L.
Published: February 2011

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Jacques Rancière, Aux bords du politique
Authors: Leibovici Martine
Published: February 2011

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Gayle L. Ormiston and Alan D. Schrift (eds.), Transforming the Hermeneutic Context: From Nietzsche to Nancy
Authors: Kronegger Marlies
Published: February 2011

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Jean-Jacques Wunenburger, La raison contradictoire
Authors: Molnar Thomas
Published: February 2011

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Henri Lefebvre, La matérialisme dialectique
Authors: Gravel Pierre Bettez
Published: February 2011

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Francis Jacques, Difference and Subjectivity
Authors: Editors The
Published: February 2011

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Jean-François Lyotard, Heidegger and "the jews"
Authors: Editors The
Published: February 2011

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Jean-Pierre Arnaud, Freud, Wittgenstein, et la musique
Authors: Editors The
Published: February 2011

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Pierre Macherey, A quoi pense la littérature?
Authors: Editors The
Published: February 2011

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Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka, Logos and Life: The Passions of the Soul and the Elements in the Onto-Poiesis of Culture
Authors: Editors The
Published: February 2011

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Annonces et nouvelles
Authors: Editors The
Published: February 2011

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Jean Ruffet, Kleist en prison
Authors: Michael Colette
Published: February 2011

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Antonia Soulez, La Grammaire philosophique chez Platon
Authors: Editors The
Published: February 2011

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Jean-Louis Vieillard, Bergson
Authors: Editors The
Published: February 2011

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David Lewis Schaeffer, The Political Philosophy of Montaigne
Authors: Editors The
Published: February 2011

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Jacques G. Ruelland, De l'épistémologie à la politique: la philosophie de l'histoire de Karl Popper
Authors: Editors The
Published: February 2011

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Jean-Luc Petit, L'action dans la philosophie analytique
Authors: Editors The
Published: February 2011

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William L. McBride, Sartre's Political Theory
Authors: Editors The
Published: February 2011

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Le langage de la transcendence
Authors: Stewart David
Published: February 2011

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Paul Ricoeur's Aesthetics: Tradition and Innovation
Authors: Anderson Pamela A.
Published: February 2011

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MS Collection #118- 1940-1988
Authors: Archives Ohio University
Published: February 2011

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Supplement to the Paul Ricoeur Collection
Authors: Archives Ohio University
Published: February 2011

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Jacques Rancière, Aux bords du politique
Authors: Hoekema David A.
Published: February 2011

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Jacques Rozenberg, Bio-cognition de l'individualité: Philosophèmes de la vie et du concept
Authors: Editors The
Published: February 2011

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Jerry H. Gill, Merleau-Ponty and Metaphor
Authors: Editors The
Published: February 2011

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Derek Attridge, Acts of Literature: Jacques Derrida
Authors: Editors The
Published: February 2011

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David Wood, The Deconstruction of Time
Authors: Editors The
Published: February 2011

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Bernard Bourgeois, Études hégéliennes: raison et décision
Authors: Editors The
Published: February 2011

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Sartre's Linguistic Phenomenology
Authors: Kuykendall Eleanor
Published: February 2011

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Sartre and Political Legitimacy
Authors: Knee Philip
Published: February 2011

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Vient de paraître
Authors: Editors The
Published: February 2011

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Révolution française et dialectique hégélienne
Authors: D'Hondt Jacques
Published: February 2011

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Jacques Poulain, L'age pragmatique, De l'expérimentation totale
Authors: Breton Stanislas
Published: February 2011

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Bibliographie partielle des oeuvres Philosophie en langue française pour l'année 1990
Authors: Racevskis Karlis , Graindorge Pierrette
Published: February 2011

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Progress and the Empirical Tradition in Condorcet
Authors: Williams David
Published: February 2011

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Preface
Authors: Caws Peter
Published: February 2011

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Sartre's War Diaries: Prelude and Postscript
Authors: Barnes Hazel
Published: February 2011

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Praxis, Need, and Desire in Sarter's Later Philosophy: An Addendum to Existential Psychoanalysis
Authors: Cannon Betty
Published: February 2011

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La Morale de la Vérité
Authors: Anderson Ronald
Published: February 2011

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Sartrean Logic and the God-Project
Authors: Ellis Robert Richmond
Published: February 2011

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Community: The Dialectic of Abandonment and Hope in Light of Sartre's Last Words
Authors: McBride William L.
Published: February 2011

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Casting Shadows: The Body in Descartes, Sartre, de Beavoir, and Lacan
Authors: Bergoffen Debra B.
Published: February 2011

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Sartre's Debt to Rousseau: Freedom, Faith, and Fulfillment
Authors: Darnell Todd , Rohatyn Dennis
Published: February 2011

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The Different Voices of Sartre's Ethics
Authors: Charmé Stuart Z.
Published: February 2011

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Play in a Sartrean Feminist Ethics
Authors: Bell Linda
Published: February 2011

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Perfil microbiológico e resistência bacteriana em unidade de tratamento intensivo
Authors: Cabral Elaine Viana , Poveda Vanessa De Brito
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTObjectives: to determine the profile microbiological of one ICU in the last three years and to detect the emergence of resistant strains. Methodology: retrospective study which was raised the cultures results of over a period of one ICU with eight beds. Results: from 194 exams results of analyzed culture, there were growths of 177 bacterias and the mostly gram negative. The Pseudomonas sp was found and presented the most extensive resistance to Amoxicillin and Cephalosporins from 1st and 2nd generation. The Staphylococcus sp was found in 44 cultures and was resistant to Penicillin in 82% and 28% to Oxacillin. Conclusion: the gram negative bacteria are common in skin microorganisms, so it is extremely necessary to use preventive measures to avoid cross-contamination through the hands of health professionals.Descriptors: intensive care units; drug resistance bacterial; prevention.RESUMOObjetivos: traçar o perfil microbiológico da UTI nos últimos três anos e detectar o possível surgimento de cepas resistentes. Metodologia: estudo retrospectivo, no qual se levantaram resultados de culturas em um determinado período de uma UTI com oito leitos. Resultados: dos 194 exames de cultura analisados, constatou-se o crescimento de 177 bactérias, sendo a maioria gram negativas. A Pseudomonas sp foi a mais encontrada e apresentou ampla resistência à Amoxacilina e Cefalosporinas de 1ª e 2ª geração. O Staphylococcus sp apareceu em 44 culturas e se mostrou resistente em 82% à Penicilina e 28% à Oxacilina. Conclusões: as bactérias gram negativas são comuns na microbiota cutânea, por isso é extremamente necessário à utilização de medidas preventivas para evitar a contaminação cruzada por meio das mãos dos profissionais da saúde. Descritores: unidade de terapia intensiva; farmacorresistência bacteriana; prevenção.RESUMENObjetivos: determinar el perfil microbiológico de la UTI en los últimos tres años y detectar la possibilidad de aparición de cepas resistentes. Metodología: el estudio retrospectivo, que se plantearon los resultados de las culturas en un período de uno de oito camas de UCI. Resultados: de los 194 exámenes de cultura analizados, hubo crecimiento de 177 sendo en su mayoría bacterias Gram negativas. La Pseudomonas sp se encontró y presentó la más amplia resistencia para Amoxicilina y Cefalosporinas, 1ª y 2ª generación. El Staphylococcus sp apareció en 44 culturas y fue resistente a Penicilina en 82% y 28% a Oxacilina. Conclusiones: las bacterias gram negativas son comunes en la piel microflora, por lo que es sumamente necesario utilizar medidas preventivas para evitar la contaminación cruzada a través de las manos de los profesionales de la salud. Descriptores: unidades de terapia intensiva; farmacorresistencia bacteriana; prevención.
Relação dos trabalhadores da enfermagem com idosos hospitalizados e seus familiares
Authors: Fontella Juliana Jornada , Silva Bárbara Tarouco da , Barlem Edison Luiz Devos , Santos Silvana Sidney Costa
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTObjective: to analyze the relation between old aged hospitalized, their familiar and team of nursing in the Unit of Medical Clinic of a university hospital. Methodology: qualitative, exploratory and descriptive study, whose data they had been gotten through half-structuralized interviews. Nine professionals of nursing and six old aged with their accompanying had participated of the study. Results: After the analysis of the data originary categories of the aged and familiar workers and/the accompanying ones had been verified. Conclusion: From the results the presentation of a course was proposal/qualification for the improvement of the care of nursing, leaving of the interest of the workers and its suggestions. Descriptors: nursing; professionals; aged; familiar; hospital.RESUMOObjetivo: analisar a relação entre idosos hospitalizados, seus familiares e a equipe de enfermagem na Unidade de Clínica Médica de um hospital universitário. Metodologia: pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória e descritiva, cujos dados foram obtidos através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Participaram do estudo nove profissionais de enfermagem e seis idosos com seus respectivos familiares. Resultados: após a análise dos dados verificaram-se categorias originárias dos trabalhadores e dos idosos e seus familiares. Conclusão: a partir dos resultados foi proposta a apresentação de um curso de capacitação para a melhoria do cuidado de enfermagem, partindo do interesse dos trabalhadores e de suas sugestões. Descritores: enfermagem; profissionais; idosos; familiares; hospital.RESUMENObjetivo: analizar la relación entre el anciano  hospitalizado,  sus familiares y el equipo de enfermería en la unidad de la clínica médica de un hospital universitario. Metodología: investigación cualitativa, exploratoria y descriptiva, a cual los  datos fueran logrados con entrevistas pre-estructuradas. Participaran de este estudio nueve profesionales de enfermería y seis ancianos con sus respectivos familiares/acompañantes. Resultados: Después del análisis de los datos fue verificado categorías originarias de los trabajadores y de los ancianos y sus familiares/acompañantes. Conclusión: Partiendo de los resultados fue propuesta  la presentación de una oficina  de calificación para la mejora del cuidado de la enfermería, partiendo del  interés de los trabajadores y de sus sugerencias. Descriptores: enfermería; profesionales; ancianos; familiares; hospital.
A importância da formação na percepção da equipe de enfermagem acerca da presença do acompanhante em sala de parto
Authors: Zani Adriana Valongo , Yamagida Glauciane Alves Afonso
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTObjective: to describe the perception of the nursing tem regarding the right of the parturient to have a companion in the delivery room. Method: descriptive and comparative methodology, from quantitative approach. They had been part of the study from 30 nursing professionals from the maternity ward. At the end of the data collection, we noticed that there was a change regarding these professionals’ opinions about the right of the parturient to have a companion in the delivery room. Results: results from the data collected with the first instrument (before the training) showed that 24 (80%) of the professionals believed that the presence of a companion would disturb the work of the nursing team. However, after the training period, this number was reduced to 6 (20%). Conclusion: The professionals believe today that the presence of a companion in the delivery room may help the parturient relax, and consequently, have a better delivery. Descriptors: humanization; delivery; nursing team.RESUMOObjetivo: descrever a percepção da equipe de enfermagem em relação ao direito da parturiente em permanecer com o acompanhante em sala de parto. Método: estudo descritivo comparativo, de abordagem quantitativa. Fizeram parte do estudo 30 profissionais de enfermagem que atuam no serviço de maternidade. Resultados: no final da coleta observamos que houve mudança em relação à opinião dos profissionais sobre o direito da parturiente em relação ao acompanhante, na aplicação do primeiro instrumento 24 profissionais (80%) acreditavam que o acompanhante atrapalhava o trabalho da equipe de enfermagem, porém após a capacitação este número foi reduzido para 6 (20%). Conclusão: Os profissionais acreditam hoje que o acompanhante pode ajudar a equipe a tranqüilizar a parturiente, favorecendo um parto mais tranqüilo. Descritores: humanização; parto; equipe de enfermagem.RESUMENObjetivo: estudio descritivo se tuvo como propósito describir la opinión del equipo de enfermeria en lo referente a la derecho de la mujer en El trabajo del parto de tener compañia em el local Del parto. Método: se trata de un estudio descriptivo comparativo con abordaje cuantitativa. Haciendo parte del estudio 30 profissionales de la salud e que actúan en el servicio de la maternidad. Resultados: en el final de la colecta de datos acerca del derecho de la mujer en el trabajo del parto a tener al compañero junto a ella, 24 de los profesionales cuestionados creen que el compañero eres un problema al trabajo del equipo de enfermeria, en el 1ª cuestionario. Pero este número se cambió para 6 de los profesionales cuestionados en el cuestionario final, después de una formación adecuada (capacitación). Conclusion: los profesionales de enfermeria creen hoy que el compañero junto de la mujer en trabajo de parto puede ayudar al equipo de enfermería en el acto de tranquilizar la misma, favoreciendo un parto más tranquilo. Descriptores: humanización; parto, equipo de enfermería.