bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An analysis of STAD cooperative learning implementation and its effect on the collaborative skill in solving the problems of addition and subtraction
Authors: Supratiningsih  , Dafik  , Farisi M I
Published: March 2021

Collaborative skill is needed in 21st century era. However, there is an indication that the learning model has not been able to improve the collaborative skill. This research was intended to analyze the implementation of Student Team Achievement Division (STAD)-based learning instruments and its effect on the students’ collaborative skill in solving the problems of addition and subtraction. A mixed research model was used in this research. The triangulation design which combined both quantitative and qualitative researches. As many as 28 students of class 3A were targeted as the control class and 28 students of class 3B as the experimental one. The data was collected by filling out questionnaire, observation, validation sheet, test, documentation as well as pretest and posttest. The results revealed that the percentage of students’ collaborative thinking skills in the control class after being implemented by STAD-based learning instruments covered of 57% of cooperation, 62% of responsibility, 60% of compromise, 59% of communication and 65% of flexibility. Whilst, the experimental class got better than the control class as it consisted of 83% of cooperation, 79% of responsibility, 76% of compromise, 80% of communication and 78% of flexibility. The scores obtained from independent sample t-test of post-test showed that there was a significant difference between the control class and the experimental class with a sig (2-tailed) value of 0.003 (p = <0.05). It can be concluded that the implementation of STAD-based learning instruments was able to improve the collaborative abilities of elementary school students in solving the addition and subtraction problems.
Contact pressure analysis of acetabular cup surface with dimple addition on total hip arthroplasty using finite element method
Authors: Ammarullah Muhammad Imam , Md Saad Amir Putra , Syahrom Ardiyansyah , Basri Hasan
Published: March 2021

This research aims to analyze the contact pressure on acetabular cup surface with dimple addition and without dimple addition. The main contribution in this research is to explore the influence of dimple addition to contact pressure that affects implant lifetime. The simulation is carried out by giving fully 3D physiological loading of the hip joint under normal walking conditions. Contact pressure analysis conducted on dry contact condition and meshing with the two-pole method performed to provide a comprehensive contact pressure result. The results show that the total hip arthroplasty model with dimple addition can reduce contact pressure for all phases in one full cycle with average decreased by 15.53% which indicates that adding dimple to the contact surface in the total hip arthroplasty bearing can extend the life of implant use.
Stress analysis bottom plate block B-03 on patrol ship construction using finite element methods
Authors: Khristyson Samuel Febriary , Jamari  , Bayuseno Athanasius Priharyoto
Published: March 2021

On the process of constructing ships with the block system has a tendency to dealing time production process for assembly. The waiting time makes the construction of the bottom plate to receive the burden during the waiting time so that the deformation often occurs due to excess stress received. The purpose of this study to know the stress value of the bottom construction of a block due to the static load on the ship building process. The method used is the Finite Element method is a form of the approximation method commonly used to solve an equation numerically in a stress analysis. The variables used in this study are the different types of meshing, the number of focuses on stop block. Based on the results start of the construction stress analysis Plate Bottom block B-03 on the construction of patrol ship. Obtained the highest stress value in the use of 4 stop block so, it is advisable to increase the number of stop blocks in order to reduce the results of excessive deformation.
Dimensional optimization of clutch disc with simulation of stress analysis (Study cases : clutch disc Hino FM 260Ti)
Authors: Jonoadji Ninuk , Sutrisno  , Siahaan Ian Hardianto , Simanjuntak Melvin Emil , Hamonangan Sitorus Melvin Bismark , Suryajaya Michael
Published: March 2021

The function of clutch disc is to transmit the power from the engine to the transmission. There are a lot of vehicle that equipped with different size of engine capacity. Therefore, it is required to use a clutch disc with the appropriate capability to transmit the power from the engine. Note that there is a clutch disc modification type that combine the Japanese and European design called clutch disc Hino MB. This type clutch disc is used for Hino FM 260Ti. By using the combination design, the clutch disc will have longer lifetime and lower risk to crack. There is a crack problem that happened from the usage of clutch disc Hino MB. Therefore, it is necessary to do a research to optimize the design of clutch disc Hino MB. This research is done by making several new designs of clutch disc Hino MB and tests it through simulation of stress analysis. The parameter that had been analysed is the value of von mises stress from each design. The length of grooves is also analysed to get a better design result. This research produces a new design of clutch disc Hino MB that has better design structure. The best result of the simulation that has been done to the clutch disc with interval 5 mm reduction is owned by clutch disc with 35 mm groove’s length reduction and the value is 121.1 MPa.
Application of semi reverse innovative design for a boot’s shoes orthotic for children with club foot
Authors: Anggoro P.W. , Nugrahanto Y.K. , Anthony A.A. , Jamari  , Bayuseno A.P. , Tauviqirrahman M.
Published: March 2021

Club foot is one of the foot deformities due to genetic factors, diseases, the condition of pregnant women is too small, or the result of a marriage that has a kinship. For every 1000 normal childbirths, there is usually one birth of a child with a leg like this. Children with this leg shape often have difficulty doing daily activities. In this paper, the prosthetic limbs used by children with clubfoot are very uncomfortable and often cause excessive pain. This paper comprehensively explains the process of designing boots for club sufferers using a semi-reverse innovative design (semi RID) method. The collaboration of 3D replica with Handyscann 700TM is used to get 3D mesh foot models with. STL format that is truly precise and accurate. Computer-Aided Design (CAD) with PowerShape 2019i software is used in this paper to get a variety of shoe lasts and insole designs that are truly precise and accurate according to the foot contours of clubfoot children. The results showed the error tolerance geometry was less than 5.0 mm for each dimension.
Leaf spring type simulation with finite element method approach
Authors: Kurniawan Pradhana , Andoko Andoko , Sunu Putu Wijaya
Published: March 2021

The leaf spring is one of the main components of the suspension system which functions as a shock absorber due to uneven road surfaces and a vibration damper from the wheels. Continuous shocks and vibrations can cause the leaf spring to receive high cyclic loads which can cause fatigue failure. The purpose of this article is to determine the differences in equivalent stress, fatigue life and safety of factor of different leaf spring types. The types of leaf springs used include the trailing leaf spring, the semi elliptical leaf spring and the parabolic leaf spring. Various types of leaf spring will be designed using solidworks software, while the simulation uses ANSYS 19.2 software. ANSYS engineering data uses SUP 9 material and the load used is 6350 N. After simulation analysis it is concluded that high fatigue life is generated by the parabolic leaf spring. with a cycle of 106, fatigue sensivity 1.996 105 cycles and a minimum safety factor of 1.1336. The safety factor value on the parabolic leaf spring shows that the component will not fail until the life design is achieved.
Simulation on the spindle of a five-axis multifunctional CNC machine using finite element method
Authors: Pradica Dhanang R. , Andoko  , Lubis Didin Zakariya
Published: March 2021

Computer Numerically Control (CNC) machines are manufacturing machines that are capable of cutting materials with many axes and various types of equipment and operations controlled using a computer. The analysis system used in this software is static structural with linear analysis, because the main focus is to get the value of the stress on the fastening bolts and the stress on the end mill when doing the milling process. The results of the stiffness simulation at the end mill, get the smallest stress results of 0.93783 MPa at a variation depth of feed 1 mm, and get the highest stress results of 5.6272 MPa at a variation depth of feed 6 mm. The result of spindle bolt stiffness simulation shows that the lowest value occurs at 1 mm variation depth of feed, about 1456.4 MPa for equivalent stress, 196.62 MPa for shear stress, and 0.036601 mm for total deformation. Meanwhile, the highest value occurred at the 6 mm variation depth of feed, about 1456.9 MPa for equivalent stress, 196.69 MPa for shear stress, and 0.03664 mm for total deformation. The greater the force that occurs, the greater the stress that occurs on the object, but the stress can also be smaller if the cross-sectional area is larger.
Robust protein based organic electrocatalyst for hydrogen production through instant noodle wastewater electrolysis
Authors: Willy Satrio N , Winarto  , Sugiono  , Wardana ING
Published: March 2021

Natural resources carbonization doping using heavy atom is the common method to synthesize organic electrocatalyst for waste to hydrogen energy conversion. This study provides one-step solution to synthesize organic electrocatalyst using enzymatic protein of Lumbricus Rubellus. L,Rubellus extract and its combination with graphite flakes in powder form are tested as electrocatalyst for instant noodle wastewater electrolysis and pre-hydrolyzed instant noodle wastewater by direct mixing. Pre-hydrolysis has doubled the hydrogen production rate for each tested catalyst. Lumbricus Rubellus extract without graphite flake mix performs better in pre-hydrolyzed wastewater. Graphite flakes form polar substrates in pre-hydrolyzed wastewater. Positive substrates inhibit the hydrogen evolution reaction of pre-hydrolyzed wastewater by electron deposition. Negative substrate inactivates L,Rubellus protein due to competitive inhibition.
Analysis of supercapacitor as a battery substitute in motorcycle
Authors: Irdianto Windra , Nauri Imam Muda , Nursalim Moh.
Published: March 2021

Lead acid battery is the main resource of motorcycle. It has some disadvantages, look like long charging time, short cycle life and also is not environment friendly. Supercapacitor is an electronic tool which can conserve electric current. It has higher power density compared to lead acid battery, but lower energy density. It is also faster in terms of charging, environment friendly, and has longer life cycle than lead acid battery. In this article, supercapacitor is used to substitute battery. The model is able to charge, discharge, and support engine starter in motorcycle. The result of this research shows that supercapacitor is able to substitute battery in motorcycle.
Characterization of heat transfer on concentric tube heat exchanger using ethylene glycol/TiO2 nanofluid
Authors: Irawansyah Herry , Ghofur Abdul , Subagyo Rachmat , Tamjidillah Mastiadi , Pratama Bagus Harits , Suroso Bekti , Wibowo Budi Santoso
Published: March 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of temperature and volume fraction on heat transfer rate and heat transfer coefficient on concentric tube heat exhanger with nano ethylene glycol / TiO2 fluid. From the results of tests and analyzes that have been done, it is obtained the best temperature and volume fraction that supports the rate of heat transfer. The best heat transfer rate of 22,430.25 W is done at the condition of the 0.03% TiO2 Volume Fraction and at a temperature of 100 ° C. The best heat transfer coefficient occurs at a volume fraction of 0.03% and at a temperature of 100 ° C. It can be concluded that, TiO2 will increase the heat capacity and heat conductivity of the base fluid which will optimize the performance of the fluid.
Performance evaluation of vertical axis hydrokinetic turbine (VAHT) helical blade using duct system for low current speed application
Authors: Amarta Zain , Ismail Abdi
Published: March 2021

This study evaluate the performance of vertical axis hydrokinetic turbine (VAHT) - Helical Blade using duct system. Experimental study has been performed in the open channel with measured current speed of 0.7 m s−1, 0.9 m s−1, and 1.1 m s−1. Rotational speed and torque were measured to obtain the performance factor (C

P
) and tip speed ratio (TSR). The gain of current speed has good response on rotational speed and torque. VAHT - Helical Blade using duct system has greater C

P
than non-duct system at three different current speed. The maximum C

P
is 0.44 reached on TSR of 2.92. The addition of duct system has good response on C

P
of VAHT - Helical Blade due to increasing current speed around the turbine.
Application of factorial design to analyse the effect of brick powder size on biogas purification results
Authors: Wahyudi Slamet , Lais Abu , Bintarto Redi
Published: March 2021

This study aims to know the effect of differences in grain size variation in fine and coarse bricks in the biogas purification process by reducing carbon dioxide gas levels using the adsorption method, so as to obtain the most suitable size to produce the most optimal purification results. In this research, the biogas purification process uses brick powder as an adsorbent, utilizing the alumina and silica content in bricks to absorb carbon dioxide gas. Testing the purified gas content in biogas using Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). The data processing method used in this study was a factorial design method 23. The variations used in this study were the size of fine and coarse bricks, the purification time variation of 5 minutes and 20 minutes and the flow rate variation was 1 Liter minute−1 and 2 Liter minute−1. Fine size variation, a flow rate of 1 L Min−1 and a purification time of 20 minutes give the best results with the percentage level of carbon dioxide falling reaching 10.319%.
Investigation of briquette derived from Pterocarpus indicus leaves and rejected pineapples as inedible sources of renewable energy
Authors: Gotama Gabriel J. , Anggono Willyanto , Sutrisno  , Suprianto Fandi D. , Jonoadji Ninuk , Yulio Arifin F.X.
Published: March 2021

The previous studies have shown the potential of using Pterocarpus indicus leaves, which are wastes, as biomass material for briquette production. However, the use of tapioca as a binder may negatively affect the availability of food resources. An alternative to tapioca was proposed in this study by substituting it with rejected pineapples which are considered as wastes. Series of investigations were conducted to understand the potential of briquette made of Pterocarpus indicus leaves with rejected pineapple as the binder. The investigations included bomb calorimeter test to determine the proportion of biomass to the binder that generates the highest calorific value, the proximate and ultimate analyses, and the investigation of optimum particle size of biomass and condensing pressure related to the briquette’s combustion characteristics. The results showed that 95% biomass and 5% binder to have the largest calorific value of 4169.76 kcal kg−1. Results from both proximate and ultimate analyses endorse the use of rejected pineapple as a substitute for tapioca binder. Briquette with the optimal combustion characteristics was obtained with condensing pressure of 2 MPa and biomass size of 60 mesh (250 μm).
The potential of energy production and greenhouse gases emissions reduction of dairy farm biogas production
Authors: Wahyudi Jatmiko
Published: March 2021

Dairy farming continues to grow in Indonesia as a result of high demand of meat and dairy products. On the one hand, dairy farming has the potential benefits for farmers, rural development and national food security. On the other hand, dairy farming generates the amount of waste causing adverse impact on environment. The uptake of biogas technology provides an effective method in managing waste as well producing sustainable energy. In addition, biogas technology has the potential to reduce greenhouse gases emissions due to dairy farming activities. Biogas adoption in dairy farming potentially prevents greenhouse gases emission through manure management and fuel substitution. This paper analysed emission reduction and energy production of 5 biogas digesters which is installed in dairy farming in Pati regency, Indonesia. Results show potential energy from all biogas digesters was estimated 266,286.6 MJ year−1 while greenhouse gases emissions reduction was estimated to be 0.084 GgCO2-eq. year−1 due to biogas utilization. The emission consisted of 0.028 GgCO2-eq.year−1 from manure storage and 0.084 GgCO2-eq.year−1 from fuel replacement. Producing less emission can be an indicator that biogas is a cleaner and more efficient method compared to previous methods used by farmers in managing waste as well as in using fuels.
The effect of ship replating welding process on floating conditions against strength value
Authors: Djumiati Andri , Zubaydi Achmad , Akbar Putra Wing Hendroprasetyo , Ismail Abdi
Published: March 2021

Ship replating is one of the important things in the process of ship maintenance. Ship replating can be done during docking and floating. The cooling rate of the welding process gave different effects on the mechanical properties of the material when the welding process is in a floating position and docking position. This research uses four variations in the distance between the weld groove lines and the water lines which were 30 mm, 60 mm, 100 mm, and 130 mm. This research also uses four variations in water temperature were 25°C, 28°C, 30°C and 32°C. The strength value of the variations will be compared to the strength value of dock welding. The results of tensile testing showed that there was a decrease in strength value at each increment of the water line spacing with weld groove lines and water temperature variations. Based on this research, welding in a floating condition with a minimum distance waterline and weld groove line of 30 mm, and the temperature of water between 25°C - 32°C can be applied in the field, because the strength value for all variations on this research satisfies by BKI (Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia) standards.
Minimization of thrust force and surface roughness during MQL coolant drilling on tool steel using BPNN-ACO
Authors: Norcahyo Rachmadi , Rokhmad Iqbal Faishal , Mahardika Muslim , Pramoedyo Soepangkat Bobby Oeddy , Robbany Fathi
Published: March 2021

The excessive thrust force that generated during the minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) drilling process of tool steel can lower the hole surface quality. Hence, it is necessary to properly choose the combination of machining variables to minimize thrust force (TF) and hole surface roughness (HSR) simultaneously. This study underlines the modelling and minimizing the thrust force and hole surface roughness developed during MQL drilling process by integrating a backpropagation neural network (BPNN) method and ant colony optimization (ACO). The varied drilling parameters were type of drill bit, drill point angle, feeding speed, and cutting speed. The optimum BPNN architecture could be obtained by using 4-20-2 network architecture with tansig activation function. The optimum MQL drilling parameters that can minimize TF and HSR simultaneously were HSS M2 drill bit, 107° of drill point angle, 0.045 mm/rev of feeding speed and 36 m/min of cutting speed.
Water jet characteristics in SS400 steel cutting process on surface roughness
Authors: Tamjidillah Mastiadi , Subagyo Rachmat , Ghofur Abdul , Irawansyah Herry
Published: March 2021

The metal cutting process is the first step before the machining process is carried out so that the raw material in the form of sheet plates is designed according to the size planned for the manufacturing process. This cutting process is a high-speed type that takes into account the type of coolant at each parameter setting. So it is necessary to cut the sheet according to the drawing by adjusting the variation of the flow rate of water, pump pressure, nozzle cross-sectional area, and the type of water quality. The parameter setting of the cutting process is carried out to obtain various surface roughness results. By using a water jet cutting machine for the cutting process SS400 steel with a thickness of 12 mm in the cold process reduces the thermal effect and reduces the conductivity, HAZ in the cutting process with parameter settings. By using different types of water quality (mineral water and clean water) to get optimal surface roughness, avoid overheating, minimize waste chips and at the same time be environmentally friendly. With water jet technology, you can get good surface roughness for mineral water and clean water. Variations of stand-off-distance 8, 10, 12 mm, (clean water) fluid velocity of 300 m s−1 and pump pressure of 50,000 psi on the turbulent flow Re 4000 gets the optimum results on the surface roughness test, which is 3.45 µm. For the variation of stand-off-distance 8 mm,10 mm and 12 mm, (mineral water) fluid velocity of 300 m s−1 get the optimum result on the surface roughness test which is 3.69 µm.
Modified down sprue and sprue well to improve die casting quality of Sn-Pb alloy
Authors: Risonarta Victor Yuardi , Anggono Juliana , Nugrowibowo Setyo , Wibowo Albert , Utomo Fendy
Published: March 2021

Strategies to improve quality of gravity die casting for Sn-Pb alloy are outlined here by modifying the mould’s gating system, i.e. mainly the down sprue and the sprue well. Analysis based on the experimental work of 27 casting products delivers a promising result for industrial application. Quantitative analysis of porosity defect in this work was based on density analysis. The investigation of the effect of down sprue design on the casting defects was worked out through the variation of tapered down sprue by one degree and two degrees. From the density analysis, the two degrees tapered down sprue results in then less porosity defect. Meanwhile, the highest density was identified at 50 mm, when radius of the down sprue was investigated at 0 mm, 5 mm and 100 mm. Finally, the investigation for sprue well radius of 0 mm, 50 mm, and 100 mm shows that the best sprue well radius related to the highest metal density occurs at a radius of 50 mm.
Heuristic methods for job shop scheduling: Active schedule generation algorithm, non-delay schedule generation algorithm and heuristic schedule generation algorithm
Authors: Arul Zaini M. , Kurniawati Dwi Agustina
Published: March 2021

PT. Multi Citra Busana is one of the knitting material convection companies that has a good local scale marketing area where production scheduling is usually done based on the order of arrival of orders or first come first serve (FCFS). As a result, there are still some schedules that are not precise, causing a large make-span. In observations made on 5 products, the company requires a total production time (make-span) of 11 hours 54 minutes in completing production activities. In this research, scheduling evaluation is conducted to minimize make-span using the Active Schedule Generation algorithm, Non-delay Schedule Generation and Heuristic Schedule Generation algorithm The approach used is to use a quantitative-comparative approach, namely research that compiles the calculation process to make comparisons between the results of the actual process with these methods. Through the Active Schedule Generation algorithm method, the value of make-span is 6 hours 26 minutes. Through the Non-delay Schedule Generation algorithm method, the value of make-span is 7 hours 1 minute. The Heuristic Schedule Generation algorithm method produces the smallest make-span value with a value of 6 hours 1 minute. Based on the comparison of the make-span values of the three methods used, it was concluded that the Heuristic Schedule Generation algorithm produced the smallest make-span valued at 20184.27 seconds or 6 hours 3 minutes shorter than the method applied by the company. Therefore, the Heuristic Schedule Generation algorithm method was chosen as the best method and can be applied in the company to minimize the make-span.
A simulation model of shipment planning and storage capacity for wheat material
Authors: Salo Lery A , Vanany I
Published: March 2021

Logistic cost and product availability are major issue in low value commodity industries such as wheat. Logistic cost and product availability affected by shipment planning and storage capacity. In this paper the effect of various factors on total costs and service level of a distribution system are investigated. The objective of this paper is to find alternative ways to reduce the logistic cost while still maintaining an acceptable service level. This research develops a simulation model of wheat transportation and distribution using ships in a large flour company. The system consists of silos at the plant, three depot and one plant. Several scenarios are developed, each factors are evaluated in terms of shipment costs and service level. Based on the simulation result, factor 2 appear to have the most substantial impacts on both total costs and service level. This paper brings an important recommendation to the company as well as insight for maritime logistics in general. Cost is a very important competitive factor for bulk items like wheat, and thus the proposed scenarios could be implemented by the company for increase the service level and decrease the distribution cost.
K-means clustering on quality of radial run out tires
Authors: Biantoro B. , Hernadewita
Published: March 2021

The tire industry entered the era of industrial revolution (IR) 4.0. The process of tire production with electronic transactions produces big data that can be exploited in solving quality problems. Stratification techniques commonly used in big data conditions are less effective in mapping product quality conditions. Data handling and subjectivity in product quality classification are inhibitory factors in exploiting data. K means easy grouping of calculations and implementation can be used to map product quality. Radial runs out tire quality using K-mean clustering and elbow method validation shows that the optimum conditions for clustering the radial quality of exhaust tires are three groups. Each group is related to the construction of tires, i.e. radial outlets located at tread splices, sidewall splices and BEC splices. The priority to improve the quality of radial depletion can be suggested through quality mapping based on the results of K-mean cluster analysis, especially on BEC components. The results of the repairs show that the radial value of running out of tires decreased by 12.5%.
Forecasting technology trends based on separation of product inventions and process inventions: The technology S-curve
Authors: Masuda Koji , Haruyama Shigeyuki
Published: March 2021

This study examines a method of categorising inventions into product inventions and process inventions. Corporate research and development (R&D) projects must be set up to create innovation so that companies can grow sustainably. The visualisation of market and technology trends can help companies develop competitive strategies. To investigate technology trends, the projector is selected as a product for analysis. The technology S-curve is drawn from the perspectives of ‘Product’ and ‘Process’. There is a gap in the rise time and an observable difference in shape between the curves of product inventions and process inventions.
Band tailoring by annealing and current conduction of Co-doped ZnO transparent resistive switching memory
Authors: Panda Debashis , Simanjuntak Firman Mangasa , Pradhan Alaka , Gapsari Femiana , Prodromakis Themis
Published: March 2021

The switching characteristics of ITO/Zn1-xCoxO/ITO transparent resistive random access memories were studied. 5 mol% cobalt doped ZnO resistive layer improves bipolar switching properties. In addition, the redshift in band energy caused by doping of cobalt (Co) was studied. The doped memory device also showed a change in band energy by 0.1 eV when subjected to annealing of 400 °C. Annealing below 400 °C temperature did not show any characteristic changes. The film morphology analysis suggested the increase in roughness with annealing temperature, which can be seen from FESEM and AFM images. In this study annealing and Co doping effect on ZnO based non-volatile memory device is presented. Moreover, transparent memory devices with 90% transmittance at 550 nm wavelength have been reported. At low field and high field region Schottky emission and ionic conduction are dominated respectively.
Effect of the orientation carbon-glass fiber reinforced polyester composite on bending strength for runner foot prosthesis applications
Authors: Irfa’i Mochamad Arif , Dzulkiflih  , Ismail Rifky , Ganda Andita N. F
Published: March 2021

An alternative way for increasing the strength of the runner’s prosthesis is by utilize the direction of fiber orientation. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of the orientation carbon-glass fiber reinforced composite on its bending strength. The main materials used in this study are carbon and glass fiber. The independent variable in this study is the direction of fiber orientation (0°, 45°, 90°, 0°/90°/0° and 90°/0°/90o). The dependent variables in this study are the bending strength and fracture micro photographs. This study is controlled by the method of manufacturing composites with vacuum assisted resin infusion (VARI) and unsaturated polyester yukalac® 157 BQTN-EX with a density of 1.12 g cm−3. Polyester composite are reinforced with carbon and glass fiber with varying fiber orientation. Each composite was reinforced carbon-glass fiber with orientation 0°, 45°, 90°, 0°/90°/0° and 90°/0°/90°. The results showed that the bending strength of composite reinforced carbon glass fiber with orientation of 0°, 45°, 90°, 0°/90°/0° and 90°/0°/90° respectively 1.32 MPa, 1.65 MPa, 0.93 MPa, 1.25 MPa and 4.46 MPa. While, the deflection values for composites reinforced carbon glass fiber with orientation of 0°, 45°, 90°, 0°/90°/0° and 90°/0°/90° respectively 9.65 mm, 8.7 mm, 13.45 mm, 10.59 mm and 3.83 mm. The lowest bending strength occurs in carbon-glass fiber reinforced composites with fiber orientation 90° is 0.93 MPa with the deflection of 13.45 mm. The highest bending strength occurs in carbon-glass fiber reinforced composites with fiber orientation 90°/0°/90° is 4.46 MPa with a deflection of 3.83 mm. The results of fracture testing using scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed mixed failure due to delamination and fiber pull out.
Effect of ball mill process and resin to compression strength of lava stone composite
Authors: Aminnudin  , Suryanto Heru , Aji Pradana Yanuar Rohmat , Rudiyanto Eddy
Published: March 2021

Lava stone is a stone produced from a volcano. Mixing lava rock powder and resin will produce a new material, lava stone composite. The mechanical properties of lava rock composites differ from those of the constituent materials. These lava rock composites will be used as armor on military vehicles. The resin content used was 25, 30 and 35% while the lava stone powder was grinding with a ball mill for 3, 4.5 and 6 hours. Ball mill jar used have a capacity of 350 ml made of stainless steel. The ball used is made of ytria with diameters 10 and 5 mm the total of Ytria balls used are 10 mm were 78 pcs and 5 mm were 348 pcs. Composites that have the highest compression strength are composites with 35% resin and lava stone powder which is grinding at 6 hours. The most ductile composites is composites with 30% and lava stone powder which grinding at 4.5 hours The most suitable composites used to withstand shock loads are composites with 30% resin and lava stone powder grinding with a ball mill for 4.5 hours.
Modification of SS 304 using semi automatic sandblasting for improvement of roughness and grade quality
Authors: Raharjo Rudianto , Avianty Titan Evida , Widodo Teguh Dwi , Kusumaningsih Haslinda
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to discover the effect of pressure and spraying angle to surface roughness and flatness of stainless steel SUS304 after the sandblasting process. In this study, the variation of the compressor pressure were 4, 5, and 6 bar, while spraying angles were 45°, 60° dan 90°. Silica sand was used as the abrasive particles, which is sprayed onto the specimen surface. The size of silica sand was 200-300 µm. While, the sprayer feedrate was 5 cm min−1 and the distance between nozzle and specimen surface was 15 cm. There were two of spraying methods, i.e., one side spraying and two sides spraying with the same pressure and spraying angle in both sides. Both spraying methods were conducted by using the support of DIY CNC equipment. The roughness test only conducted on the specimen with one side spraying. It gives the result of a higher spraying pressure increased the roughness value due to a bigger sand collision force and more sand mass that collide the surface. The sandblasting process was resulted the presence of compressive residual stress and surface elongation that caused the material become warp and producing a deflection angle. The deflection angle indicates the surface flatness quality of a material, where a smaller deflection angle means better quality of surface flatness and vice versa. Too big of a deflection angle requires a further process. This study analyzed the comparison of one side spraying and two sides spraying with the same spraying variables on both sides. It is discovered that two sides spraying produced a better surface flatness.
Influence of surface roughness on corrosion behaviour of 316L stainless steel in artificial saliva and body fluid
Authors: Ganda Andita N.F. , Wijaya H. , Dewi Fransisca G.U.
Published: March 2021

The influence of surface roughness on the corrosion behaviour of 316L stainless steel in artificial saliva and body fluid was investigated in this study. Potentiodynamic polarization and EDAX composition test were used for observing the passive layer activity. The quality difference on steel 316LSS in saliva and blood may cause difference on the formation of passive layer. The result shows that the scratch formation which got rougher caused the uneven distribution of passive layer on the surface which caused the passive layer protection not optimum.
An experimental study of tensile properties and vibration absorption characteristic of ground tire rubber (GTR )/HDPE waste: Effect of temperature and heating time.
Authors: Arsyad Hairul , Arma Lukmanul Hakim , Syahid Muhammad , Khalid Muhammad
Published: March 2021

HDPE is type plastic that is often found as after use containers in a large number, is disposed of as waste that pollutes the environment. Likewise with rubber waste which is also often found in landfills such as used tires. This research utilizes HDPE waste and used tires which are then combined as a test sample for mechanical testing and vibration test. 30% of rubber powder and 70% of HDPE powder were mixed and put into metal molds and then pressured at 8.5 Mpa. The size of rubber powder and HDPE have the same size that is equal to mesh 45. The samples in pressurized molds are heated to 140°C and 180°C with variation in heating time are 10 minutes, 15 minutes, and 20 minutes, respectively. After that, tensile testing and vibration testing are carried out on the sample. Microstructure observations were carried out using LSM (laser scanning microscope). For vibration testing, the sample is used as a damper material placed between the electric motor and the supporting plate. The results showed that increasing the heating temperature tends to decrease the tensile strength but increased the strain at the break slightly. Finally, the vibration test shows a decrease in vibration displacement with the use of HDPE/GTR as damper material. The lowest value of peak to peak of vibration amplitude obtained in 180°C heating temperature and 10 minutes of heating time.
Analysis of crack length and life flight cycle in center wing lower surface skin access hole aircraft with DCRACK software
Authors: Aisyah Iis Siti , Putra Handika Rachmansyah , Mulyono  , Sukarniyati Sri
Published: March 2021

One of the problems in the aviation world is that accidents are increasing. The increase in incidents and accidents can be caused by several factors including human error, weather conditions, and failure of the structure / component of the aircraft. Accidents that occur from failure factors, one of which is caused by cracks that occur in the structure due to continuous loading which does not become more attention until the failure. In this final project an analysis of damage tolerance is carried out at the Wing Centre, Lower Surface and Skin Access Hole locations. The choice of location is because aircraft wings are the most important component in aircraft control while operating. Damage tolerance analysis is carried out as an effort to minimize failures in aircraft structures due to cracks that arise. Damage tolerance analysis is done by giving load in the form of an aircraft wing, then an analysis of the growth of crack length that occurs due to loading. The result of damage tolerance analysis will be obtained crack length, aircraft flight life cycle, and critical crack value. And in this study will also bring up a recommendation that is the right time to do the inspection interval.
The role of nitrogen gas in fluidized bed reactors on the nodular iron nitridation processs
Authors: Sujana Wayan , Widi Komang Astana , Pohan Gerald A. , Prihatmi Tutut Nani , Ekasari Luh Dina
Published: March 2021

Nitriding process using ammonia gas as a nitrogen source has been carried out with the aim of improving the surface quality of nodular cast iron until the highest surface hardness reaches 426.2 HV. In this study, the nitriding process was carried out with a variety of advanced processes using nitrogen gas in the fluidized bed reactor and without using nitrogen gas in the muffle furnace with a constant variable nitriding time of 4 hours. The continued process is 2 hours each, while the gas composition used is 80% ammonia and 20% nitrogen with a total gas flow of 0.7 m2 hour−1. From the result of SEM test analysis obtained in the advanced process variations with nitrogen gas in the fluidized bed reactor and without nitrogen gas in the muffle furnace, on the surface of nodular cast iron a nitride layer was formed in the form of Fe3N and Fe4N. The largest average thickness formed in advanced process specimens using nitrogen gas in the fluidized bed reactor was 24.64 µm and without using nitrogen gas was 6.06 µm. The EDX test analysis showed that the specimens that received treatment with nitrogen gas had a nitrogen gas content of 43.7% higher than the specimens that did not receive the treatment. The hardness test results showed the distribution of hardness values in specimens that received treatment with nitrogen and without nitrogen. The highest surface hardness is 560.6 HV on the surface of the specimen with nitrogen gas while the specimen without nitrogen gas has a hardness of 426.2 HV.
Injection process parameter analysis of metal injection molding for green part orthopedic implants
Authors: Wiranegara Haruman , Syahputra Donny , Arief Tria Mariz
Published: March 2021

Based on Permenkes RI No. 86 of 2013 the need for orthopedic implants in the jaw / face is increasing. In orthopedics, implants are devices that are placed in place of bone to support fractures. Referring to the statement, Balai Besar Logam dan Mesin (BBLM) conducted research on the manufacture of orthopedic implant products for the face using Metal Injection Molding (MIM) technology. MIM is a combination of the characteristics of Powder Metallurgy and Plastic Injection Molding for the production of complex metal components. The injection process is a major factor that needs to be considered to prevent injection defects including incomplete fill defects in order to proceed to the post-molding process. Based on this, it is necessary to simulate and analyze process parameters to find the maximum process parameters in order to prevent incomplete fill defects. The analysis was carried out using injection molding simulation software, namely Sigmasoft, to the previously obtained design, with a variation setting of the filling temperature value of 170°C-190°C and filling time of 0.5s-2.5s. Variations in values are processed to obtain a combination of parameter settings analyzed. The simulation software generates filling pressure values and filling percentages in the mold cavity. Demonstrate optimal parameters for green part orthopedic implants with Catamold 316L feedstock. The optimal injection operating parameters are at a melting temperature of 180°C, filling time of 1s and filling pressure of 700 bar.
Assimilating region of interest for fused biometric modalities through cie l*a*b* color space
Authors: Bhargavi Devi P. , Sharmila K.
Published: March 2021

Idiosyncrasy in recent times has been a challenge that is not quite easily effectuated in many domains and work structures. Security compromises have led to immeasurable loss and altered the deportment of individuals. In order to counter such circumstances, biometric modality analysis and utilization stimulate an inimitable framework to enhancement of security mitigated impostures. Nonetheless, the existing indagation has always instituted the single biometric modality processing and evaluation. Although the previous work of pre-processing and post-processing for biometric modalities such as fingerprint, iris, gait, and other physiological and behavioral modalities have been considered through explicit algorithmic and computational processing, the rate of precision fallacy and contriving unique identification has been a lingering question. This paper focuses on augmenting the efficacy of identification through the fused biometric modalities of fingerprint and iris, along with unsheathing the region of interest (ROI) by designating color masks using the CIE L*a*b* color space and delta disparity computation. The histogram analysis is implemented to analyze the pixel intensity, and the pixel matched extraction is surface plotted using MATLAB.
CICERONE- A Real Time Object Detection for Visually Impaired People
Authors: Mahesh Therese Yamuna , Parvathy S S , Thomas Shibin , Thomas Shilpa Rachel , Sebastian Thomas
Published: March 2021

Our work provides a solution to people who are suffering from partial blindness due to diseases of the eye or due to accidents. Unlike people who are born blind, they depend a lot on other people for doing their day to day activities. Our project is a boon to such people as our end product; a smart walking stick detects the trained objects that are used daily by the person and intimates the person using audio messages. This project changes the visual world into an audio world by informing the visually impaired of the objects in their environment. These people can use this particular prototype for self -navigating their way. A YOLO (You look only once) algorithm is used in our project. Real-time objects in an image are detected with their names represented on a bounding box and these names are converted to speech signals. The conversion to audio signals is done by using an e-Speak tool which forms Googles Text to Speech (gTTS) system. The prototype consists of several modules. The Raspberry Pi camera module takes the image and transfers it to the Raspberry Pi desktop. Then, real-time object detection is carried out by using YOLO network. The detected image is converted to speech by using the gTTS module and the audio result is provided to the user through a headset. For achieving the required portability, the battery backup is being used.
Performance analysis of Word Embeddings for Cyberbullying Detection
Authors: Pericherla Subbaraju , Ilavarasan E
Published: March 2021

Cyber bullying activities are increasing day by day with the increase of Social Media Platforms such as Face book, Twitter, Instagram etc. Bullies take the advantage of these large online connected platforms due to which it became as a big challenging task in Natural Language Processing (NLP). In this paper, we compare the performance of various word embedding methods from basic word embedding methods to recent advanced language models such as RoBERTa, XLNET, ALBERT, etc. for cyberbullying detection. We used LightGBM and Logistic regression classifiers for the classification of bullying and non-bullying tweets. Among all the models, RoBERTa is outperformed as compared to state-of-the-art models.
Automatic Detection of Anomalies in Video Surveillance using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Krishnan Sreedevi R , Amudha P , Sivakumari S
Published: March 2021

The significance of security in day to day life is increasing, and hence the use of a video surveillance system is becoming commonly accepted in almost every public places. Even though by placing surveillance system in public places will help to trace out the culprits of the anomalous situation, it is hard to trace it out. The knowledge of the incidence time is needed to identify the event, and also, it requires an enormous data handling task. To identify the anomalous situation in real-time will help the authorities to decrease the consequences and loss during the anomalous event. The paper proposes an in-depth study of various automatic anomaly detection techniques which helps to reduce the loss occurred of the anomalous situation. The advancements in Artificial Intelligence help in the quick and automatic identification of nominal and anomalous events. The sequential and incremental learning approach in feature extraction will help to generate a model that will provide much accurate classifications and predictions of anomalies.
Heart disease prediction system using Correlation Based Feature Selection with Multilayer Perceptron approach.
Authors: Kuruvilla Ambily Merlin , Balaji N.V
Published: March 2021

Cardiac disease prediction helps physicians to make accurate recommendations on the treatment of the patients. The use of machine learning (ML) is one of the solution for recognising heart disease-related symptoms. The goal of this study is to suggest a methodology for identifying the most relevant features of cardiac disease characteristics by applying a feature selection technique. The data set used in this study was Framingham heart disease dataset (FHS). It was collected from KAGGLE Machine Learning repository. There are 16 attributes and a mark in the dataset that has been validated by four ML classifiers. There are two feature selection methods, Correlation Based Feature selection (CBFS) and Principle Component Analysis (PCA) was used for the comparison in the study. By using CBFS Method five highly correlated features are selected for the study, and by using PCA thirteen features are selected. The experimental result shows that Correlation Based Feature Selection with Multilayer perceptron (CBFS with MLP) obtained the highest accuracy for this dataset.