bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distinctive Neurophysiological Signatures of Analgesia after Inflammatory Pain in the ACC of Freely Moving Mice
Authors: Kissinger Samuel T. , O’neil Estefania , Li Baolin , Johnson Kirk W. , Krajewski Jeffrey L. , Kato Akihiko S.
Published: May 2024

Preclinical assessments of pain have often relied upon behavioral measurements and anesthetized neurophysiological recordings. Current technologies enabling large-scale neural recordings, however, have the potential to unveil quantifiable pain signals in conscious animals for preclinical studies. Although pain processing is distributed across many brain regions, the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is of particular interest in isolating these signals given its suggested role in the affective (“unpleasant”) component of pain. Here, we explored the utility of the ACC toward preclinical pain research using head-mounted miniaturized microscopes to record calcium transients in freely moving male mice expressing genetically encoded calcium indicator 6f (GCaMP6f) under the Thy1 promoter. We verified the expression of GCaMP6f in excitatory neurons and found no intrinsic behavioral differences in this model. Using a multimodal stimulation paradigm across naive, pain, and analgesic conditions, we found that while ACC population activity roughly scaled with stimulus intensity, single-cell representations were highly flexible. We found only low-magnitude increases in population activity after complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and insufficient evidence for the existence of a robust nociceptive ensemble in the ACC. However, we found a temporal sharpening of response durations and generalized increases in pairwise neural correlations in the presence of the mechanistically distinct analgesics gabapentin or ibuprofen after (but not before) CFA-induced inflammatory pain. This increase was not explainable by changes in locomotion alone. Taken together, these results highlight challenges in isolating distinct pain signals among flexible representations in the ACC but suggest a neurophysiological hallmark of analgesia after pain that generalizes to at least two analgesics.
Jazz Piano Training Modulates Neural Oscillations and Executive Functions in Older Adults
Authors: Bugos Jennifer A. , Gbadamosi Ayo , Laesker Denis , Chow Ricky , Sirocchi Sofia , Norgaard Martin , Ghent Jazmin , Alain Claude
Published: May 2024

Musical improvisation is one of the most complex forms of creative behavior, often associated with increased executive functions. However, most traditional piano programs do not include improvisation skills. This research examined the effects of music improvisation in a novel jazz piano training intervention on executive functions and neural oscillatory activity in healthy older adults. Forty adults were recruited and randomly assigned to either jazz piano training (n = 20, 10 females) or a control group (n = 20, 13 females). The jazz piano training program included aural skills, basic technique, improvisation, and repertoire with 30 hours of training over 10 days. All participants at pre- and post-testing completed a battery of standardized cognitive measures (i.e., processing speed, inhibition, verbal fluency), and neurophysiological data was recorded during resting state and a musical improvisation task using electroencephalography (EEG). Results showed significantly enhanced processing speed and inhibition performance for those who received jazz piano training as compared to controls. EEG data revealed changes in frontal theta power during improvisation in the training group compared to controls. Learning to improvise may contribute to cognitive performance.
Ankylosing spondylitis with systemic lupus erythematosus: A rare co-existence
Authors: Chintala Bhavya , Jain Neeraj , Duggal Lalit
Published: May 2024

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) are two distinct immunological disorders with different etiopathogenic profiles and their co-existence is very rare. The present study discusses two cases of co-existing AS with SLE. The first case, which fulfilled the criteria for lupus, had HLA-B27 arthritis with predominant peripheral involvement, bilateral hip disease associated with non-scarring alopecia, recurrent oral ulcers and positive immunological markers. The second case was of a 37-year-old male with lupus (predominantly musculoskeletal and cutaneous) who presented with inflammatory low backache. The patient had high titers of ANA and anti-dsDNA positivity and was on methotrexate treatment. On evaluation, he was found to have HLA B27 positivity and bilateral active sacroiliitis. The distinguishing feature of both the cases was that the time frame of presentation of the disorders was almost same, while second case had a significant time frame between the two disorders.
Oral pemphigus vulgaris: A case-based rheumatological and immunological perspectives on a rare autoimmune mucocutaneous disease
Authors: Dalal Ankur
Published: May 2024

A 52-year-old female patient was referred for suspected rheumatic or connective tissue disease due to one-year history of recurrent oral ulcers along with recent history of nasal ulcers, erythematous rash, puffy fingers, raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate, raised c-reactive protein, and acute inflammatory exudates on biopsy of buccal mucosal ulcers. Her intra-oral examination revealed ulcerative lesions in the mouth. Her anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) by indirect immunofluorescence showed intensity of +2 and cytoplasmic pattern. The repeat deep biopsy from oral lesions was done in view of multiple recurrent inflammatory oral ulcers, non-supportive ANA test, and bleeding with peeling of mucosal surface from oral ulcers on manipulation (Nikolsky’s sign). The histopathological examination showed acantholysis. Her test for anti-desmoglein3 antibody was strongly positive and was diagnosed with oral pemphigus vulgaris (PV). Most of the times, PV is encountered by a dermatologist, but patients with only oral involvement may end up consulting a physician or rheumatologist as a suspected rheumatic or connective tissue disease due to the underlying inflammatory or autoimmune nature. The present case-based review revisits this rare chronic inflammatory autoimmune mucocutaneous disease and provides a recent review of literature based on rheumatological and immunological perspectives.
Exploring the potential of cashew nutshells: A critical review of alternative applications
Authors: Cruz Tatiana , Maranon Alejandro , Hernandez Camilo , Alvarez Oscar , Ayala-García Camilo , Porras Alicia
Published: May 2024

The production of cashew nuts has been increasing globally, leading to a greater volume of waste materials that require proper management. Nevertheless, cashew nutshells (CNS), currently considered waste by most processors, offer a noteworthy opportunity for alternative applications owing to their distinct physical, chemical, and thermal properties. This article reviews alternative applications for CNS that can leverage these properties, while evaluating research gaps. The potential uses are classified into three categories: material development, energy production, and substance absorption. In the materials segment, various examples are discussed where CNS serves as raw material to synthesize biopolymers, cementitious materials, and a broad range of composites. The energy production section discusses various processes that utilize CNS, including pyrolysis, gasification, and briquette production. The absorption section presents CNS and activated carbon derived from CNS as effective absorbents for liquid-phase and gas-phase applications. While this review highlights numerous research-level possibilities for CNS utilization, only a few of these options have been implemented within the industry. Consequently, further research is essential, particularly in CNS characterization, economic and environmental assessment, and real-life implementation, to broaden and enhance the integration of this biomass into applications that can contribute to the value of both its production and processing chain.
A note on the Riemann ξ-function
Authors: Garunkštis Ramūnas
Published: May 2024

We prove that for σ > 4.5, inf {ℜ(ξ'(σ + it)/ξ(σ + it) ) : - ∞ < t < ∞} = ξ'(σ)/ξ(σ).This improves the result obtained by Lagarias.
On the frequency of multisets without some components
Authors: Manstavičius Eugenijus
Published: May 2024

There is not abstract.
Complete metric in the space of discontinuous functions
Authors: Banys Rimas
Published: May 2024

Complete metrics in the subspaces Dα, α > 0 of D[0, 1] which were introduced in [2] are given. These metrics are equivalent to the metrics dα defined in [2] and are stronger than the well­known metric d in D[0,1] given in [1].
Geometry of frame bundles
Authors: Navickis Kazimeras
Published: May 2024

In this article we define the canonical forms on the principal bundle of holonomic frames of order r, give structure equations for these forms and determine the connection of order r.
On seeing-off the first graduate s of Lithuanian school for young mathematicians
Authors: Apynis Antanas , Stankus Eugenijus , Šinkūnas Juozas
Published: May 2024

The curriculum of Lithuanian school for young mathematicians and its realization is reviewed.
Large deviations for counting processes
Authors: Kanišauskas Vaidotas
Published: May 2024

There is not abstract.
Analysis of an average velocity of a pipe with flowing fluid in case of a hydraulic obstacle
Authors: Didžgalvis Rimantas , Sudintas Antanas , Tiknevičienė Irena
Published: May 2024

Calculation of average velocity of a fluid flow inside a pipe with an asymmetrical obstacle was carried out. Calculations consider flow maximum velocity co-ordinate to move in proportion with the obstacle thickness. The obtained ar44ticil average velocity expressions evaluate its change in accordance with the area of flow and obstacle interaction, i.e., in accordance with the change of hydraulic radius R and the obstacle (sediment) thickness. According to this, an average meaning of flow velocity is calculated, and pressure losses determined under it are considerably more precise.
Abstracts of 29th International Conference „Information Society and University Studies“ IVUS2024
Authors: Veitaitė Ilona
Published: May 2024

29th International Conference „Information Society and University Studies“ IVUS2024 is the continuation of the annual conference series organized in succession by three universities: Vilnius University Kaunas Faculty, Vytautas Magnus University and Kaunas University of Technology. The event was started in 1995. In 2017, the conference became an international event. For the reason of a long history of this conference, we left conference acronym according to it's Lithuanian title "Informacinė visuomenė ir universitetinės studijos" – IVUS.
Analogical arguments in geology
Authors: Kravitz Gadi
Published: May 2024

Analogical inference is widely used in geology research as a crucial technique for deriving conclusions and constructing hypotheses about the geology of Earth and other planetary bodies. Deriving conclusions by analogical reasoning in geology is no trivial matter and can even be quite complex, especially when applied to processes which occurred in the distant past (deep time) or to geological processes that are taking place (or have taken place) on other planetary bodies. In such cases, analogical reasoning might lead the geologist astray, to the extent of his reaching mistaken conclusions. Many geologists, like most people, use analogy intuitively, without always being aware of how the process works or of its pitfalls. Lack of such knowledge often leads to hasty, incorrect analogical argument, and consequently to incorrect conclusions. Since it is my view that some of these mistakes can be prevented through a better understanding of analogical inferencing and the problems involved, I develop in this paper key issues relating to analogical argument, and suggest means for preventing bad analogies. It is to be hoped that the following presentation will increase awareness among geologists and perhaps thereby succeed in preventing incorrect analogical inferences.
Tratamientos robustecedores de semillas para mejorar la emergencia y el crecimiento de Trichospermum mexicanum, Árbol tropical pionero
Authors: Sánchez Jorge A. , Muñoz Bárbara C. , Hernández Luis , Montejo Laura , Suárez Avelino G. , Torres-Arias Yamir
Published: May 2024

Se estudió la emergencia y el crecimiento de plantas de Trichospermum mexicanum en condiciones de vivero y de campo y cuyas semillas fueron sometidas a tratamientos pregerminativos de hidratación-deshidratación y choque térmico (semillas robustecidas). Todos los tratamientos robustecedores fueron adecuados para incrementar la emergencia y el crecimiento de las plantas con relación al testigo; alcanzándose los mejores resultados con la hidratación parcial en agua, hasta 2 h antes del inicio de la germinación visible, en combinación con un choque térmico a 40°C durante una 1 h. El crecimiento de las plántulas se afectó significativamente cuando la siembra se realizó a plena exposición solar en condiciones de vivero, independientemente del tratamiento pregerminativo aplicado. En cambio, la aclimatización de las plántulas en condición de sombra parcial, previo a su exposición en insolación total, resultó un procedimiento favorable para aumentar el crecimiento de la especie en condiciones de vivero y de campo. También, la combinación de los tratamientos robustecedores incrementó la floración y producción de semillas. La efectividad de la combinación de los tratamientos robustecedores para mejorar el crecimiento de las plantas en condiciones de campo fue demostrado en esta contribución.
El recurso tierra en Costa Rica
Authors: Bertsch Floria
Published: May 2024

En este artículo se presenta un análisis sistemático de la evolución del recurso tierra durante los últimos 10 años, desde diferentes perspectivas: las instituciones involucradas en su manejo, su uso actual y potencial, la actividad agropecuaria que sustenta dicho recurso a través de diferentes mundos agrícolas, y algunas otras opciones de agricultura sostenible que han surgido recientemente como es la agricultura orgánica. También se analiza el urbanismo, como aquella presión que efectúa la población sobre el recurso, y se discuten algunas alternativas de conservación planteadas a nivel nacional. Como conclusiones de la autora, en términos generales, el tema adolece de falta de información confiable desde hace 20 años, hay una clara tendencia al paso de la tierra de pequeños a más grandes propietarios y un incremento en la peonización a partir de la pérdida de la propiedad. El país se dirige hacia una clara dependencia de la compra en mercados extranjeros para la alimentación básica, a pesar de la existencia de nuevas opciones tecnológicas. Existen avances importantes en legislación pero aún están a nivel de papel y en términos urbanísticos, la presión social vence el ordenamiento territorial.
Ensayos de familias F2 de Eucalyptus deglupta y E. grandis con fines de conversión en huertos semilleros
Authors: Mesén Francisco , Vásquez William , Víquez Edgar
Published: May 2024

Se evaluó el comportamiento de 25 familias F2 de Eucalyptus deglupta y 28 familias F2 de E. grandis en Turrialba, Costa Rica, con el objetivo de convertir los ensayos en huertos semilleros. Las familias de E. deglupta fueron seleccionadas de un ensayo de familias F1 establecido en Upala, Costa Rica, mientras que las de E. grandis provinieron de un ensayo de familias F1 establecido en Tucurrique y de una plantación en el CATIE, Turrialba. Se registró información sobre forma del fuste, altura y dap anualmente, además de presencia de daños por hongos. Se reporta los resultados de la última evaluación, cuando los ensayos tenían 3,8 (E. deglupta) y 4,4 años (E. grandis). Se encontró diferencias altamente significativas entre familias para todas las variables evaluadas. En E. deglupta se encontró heredabilidades para forma, altura y dap de 0,09, 0,29 y 0,28 y coeficientes de variación genética aditiva (CVGA) de 10,59, 9,72 y 14,89, respectivamente. Con una intensidad de selección de 1,16 se estiman ganancias genéticas de 3,7, 6,0 y 9,1% para las 3 variables, respectivamente. En E. grandis se encontró heredabilidades para forma, altura y dap de 0,25, 0,13 y 0,18 y CVGA de 19,93, 4,81 y 12,12, respectivamente. Con una intensidad de selección de 0,97, se esperan ganancias genéticas de 9,7, 1,7 y 5,0% para estas 3 variables, respectivamente. Se ofrecen recomendaciones prácticas para la conversión de los ensayos en huertos semilleros.
Toxicidad de boro en plantaciones de banano (Musa AAA) en Costa Rica
Authors: Vargas Alfonso , Arias Fulvio , Serrano Edgardo , Arias Oscar
Published: May 2024

En las hojas de plantas de banano (Musa AAA, cvs. Grande Naine y Valery), se observó una necrosis marginal irregular y continua, la cual se desarrolló a partir de un área clorótica igualmente irregular, que avanzó del margen hacia el interior de la hoja. La parte central de la lámina foliar retuvo siempre su coloración verde original. Los análisis de suelo y tejido foliar mostraron que los síntomas fueron causados por altas concentraciones de boro, debido ya fuese a aplicaciones excesivas del nutrimento al suelo y al follaje, o por el efecto de aplicaciones muy frecuentes de boro vía fertirriego, combinado con una disminución de la concentración de calcio en la hoja.
Mapeo genético y detección de QTLs en especies de Solanum
Authors: Valverde Roberto
Published: May 2024

Con el objetivo de mostrar las técnicas de mapeo genético y QTL, así como el potencial de una de las especies silvestres de Solanum, se investigó las bases moleculares de la resistencia al frío en 2 especies silvestres. Inicialmente, se procedió con la construcción de un mapa genético y posteriormente con el análisis de QTL (Quantitative trait locus) tanto para la resistencia como para la aclimatación al frío. Se utilizó una población F1 de 73 individuos, proveniente de un cruce recíproco entre S. commersonii y S. cardiphyllum. En el estudio 420 RAPDs (random amplified polymorphic DNA) y 64 AFLP (amplified fragment lenght polymorphysm) correspondientes a combinaciones de EcoRI/MseI fueron evaluados en ambas especies parentales. Se obtuvo 953 polimorfismos, donde 177 fueron específicos de S. commersonii y mostraron una segregación 1:1 en la población F1. El análisis de ligamiento dio como resultado 95 marcadores ubicados en 12 grupos de ligamiento, que corresponden al número haploide de esta especie. El tamaño acumulado de este mapa, específico de S. commersonii, fue de 194,5 cM, con un promedio de 2,05 cM entre loci. El análisis de QTL reveló la presencia de un sólo QTL para la aclimatación al frío. Y el análisis de regresión múltiple identificó 2 marcadores que explican el 22,3% de la variación en la resistencia al frío y 5 marcadores que explican el 43,8% de la variación relacionada con la aclimatación al frío.
Fase no parasítica de Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) en condiciones ambientales y de laboratorio en Costa Rica
Authors: Álvarez C. Víctor , Hernández Vladimir , Romero Zúñiga Juan José
Published: May 2024

Con el objetivo de entender mejor la bioecología de la garrapata Boophillus microplus, durante su fase no parasítica, garrapatas susceptibles a organofosforados y piretroides, fueron evaluadas en condiciones de laboratorio y de campo. Las zonas donde fueron evaluadas fueron: la finca del Instituto Nacional de Aprendizaje (INA), Alajuela, localizada en el bosque muy húmedo premontano; la Escuela Centroamericana de Ganadería (ECAG), Alajuela, localizada en el bosque húmedo premontano; y la finca donde se encuentra el Laboratorio de garrapatas (LPG), Heredia, del Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería de Costa Rica, en el bosque húmedo premontano. El laboratorio fue el de garrapatas (LPG). En el laboratorio, las garrapatas fueron colocadas en incubadoras con 95% de humedad relativa y 27,5 ±1°C de temperatura. Los resultados mostraron que el tiempo entre la colocación y la oviposición varió entre localidades, siendo el laboratorio donde se observó el menor tiempo. Con respecto al tiempo entre oviposición y eclosión, todos los grupos mostraron diferencias entre ellos excepto entre la ECAG y el LPG.
Control de calidad de la medición de la concetración específica de isótopos radioactivos
Authors: Loría Luis Guillermo , Badilla Mauricio
Published: May 2024

La eficiencia de conteo de una cadena de espectroscopía gamma con detector de Ge (H.p) fue medida usando la simulación Monte Carlo y estándares para calcular la actividad específica de 4 materiales de referencia y de muestras de intercomparación, con el propósito de evaluar los resultados analíticos obtenidos en el Laboratorio de Espectroscopía Gamma.
The journey of the initiate towards salvation and the trials of Mithras seen through the experience of Hercules and the protection of Mithras, Hercules, and Caelestis: labors and salvation
Authors: Martini Carbone Annarita
Published: May 2024

This intervention focuses on the close relationship that links Mithras to Hercules, witnessed by the presence of the image of Hercules in some mithraic caves, on ritual vessels and in other contexts related to Zoroastrian Mithraism, such as the funerary monument of Antiochus I of Commagene at Nemrut Dağı.

Likewise, even the veneration of the goddess Caelestis by some followers of Mithras is testified by the representation of the symbol pro itu et reditu in contexts referable to the cult of Mithras.
Preclinical assessment of a recombinant RBD-Fc fusion protein as SARS-CoV-2 candidate vaccine
Authors: Dashti Navid , Golsaz-Shirazi Forough , Soltanghoraee Haleh , Zarnani Amir-Hassan , Mohammadi Mehdi , Imani Danyal , Jeddi-Tehrani Mahmood , Amiri Mohammad Mehdi , Shokri Fazel
Published: May 2024

Background

Waning immunity and emergence of new variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), highlight the need for further research in vaccine development.

Methods

A recombinant fusion protein containing the receptor-binding domain (RBD) fused to the human IgG1 Fc (RBD-Fc) was produced in CHO-K1 cells. RBD-Fc was emulsified with four adjuvants to evaluate its immunogenicity. The RBD-specific humoral and cellular immune responses were assessed by ELISA. The virus neutralizing potency of the vaccine was investigated using four neutralization methods. Safety was studied in mice and rabbits, and Antibody-Dependent Enhancement (ADE) effects were investigated by flow cytometry.

Results

RBD-Fc emulsified in Alum induced a high titer of anti-RBD antibodies with remarkable efficacy in neutralizing both pseudotyped and live SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant. The neutralization potency dropped significantly in response to the Omicron variant. RBD-Fc induced both TH2 and particularly TH1 immune responses. Histopathologic examinations demonstrated no substantial pathologic changes in different organs. No changes in serum biochemical and hematologic parameters were observed. ADE effect was not observed following immunization with RBD-Fc.

Conclusion

RBD-Fc elicits highly robust neutralizing antibodies and cellular immune responses, with no adverse effects. Therefore, it could be considered a promising and safe subunit vaccine against SARS-CoV-2.
Cooperation Mechanisms of Turkish-Speaking Countries in the Period from 1991 to 2022
Authors:   Lanzhou University, Yuyan Zhang
Published: May 2024

Introduction. Studying the cooperation strategies of Turkish-speaking countries has important practical significance. Establishing cooperation mechanisms is an important way to implement cooperation strategies. The purpose of this study is to attempt to comprehensively analyze the process of establishing cooperation mechanisms among Turkish-speaking countries over the past 33 years. Methods and materials. The research on the cooperation mechanisms of Turkish-speaking countries in the international academic community can be divided into two stages: before and after the establishment of the Organization of Turkic States. However, these studies have not systematically revealed the fundamental changes and development prospects of the cooperation mechanisms among Turkish-speaking countries. This article aims to address these issues through the methods of case studies and comparative analysis. Analysis. Turkish-speaking countries have experienced four stages of establishing cooperation mechanisms, marked by the convening of the Summits of heads of Turkish-speaking states (1991–2008), the establishment of the Turkic Council (2009–2018), expanding its membership (from 2018 to November 2021), and its renaming to the Organization of Turkic States (from November 2021). Results. This study draws the several conclusions. Firstly, in the post-Soviet era, Turkish-speaking countries have worked hard to form discussions on the nature and prospects of their relations, which has led to changes in the cooperative narrative logic, actors, and characteristics of activities in the “Turkic world.” Secondly, the main factor affecting the current and future cooperation of Turkish-speaking countries is their national interests, not pan-Turkism. Thirdly, one of the most important factors affecting the implementation of Türkiye’s cooperation strategy is the position of the Turkish-speaking countries in Central Asia. Fourthly, cooperation between Turkish-speaking countries is currently at its highest level. Based on the mechanisms they have established, these countries have the potential to become a pole in the multipolar world.
Russia-Ukraine Military Conflict and Its Influences on Kurdistan Region of Iraq
Authors:   Soran University, Jalal Hussein Dalsooz
Published: May 2024

Introduction. This article, empirically and theoretically, analyses to what extent the Kurdistan region of Iraq (KRI), as a far-away non-state actor, has been affected by the Russian-Ukrainian military conflict. Analysis. The theory of globalisation highlights that under this circle, a number of sectors in the Kurdistan region, for instance, energy, economy, migration, individual psychology and education, have been profoundly influenced. The article further points out that both direct war-involved actors globally have been heavily relied on, in light of some basic human needs, simultaneously recognises both states as either developed or supported by developed countries as well as rich in various resources, in particular the state of Russia; thereby, they could easily leave significant influence on any actors anywhere at any time. Results. Eventually, the article points to some suggestions on how the KRI can rationally cope with the consequences of the Russian-Ukrainian military conflict.
Travel Diaries of B.A. Kuftin, the Head of the Tunguska Expedition, as Sources of the Epoch of the Formation of Soviet Ethnography
Authors:   Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (the Kunstkamera)of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bereznitsky Sergey , Primak Petr ,   Sevastopol State University
Published: May 2024

The article analyzes the travel diaries of the head of the Tunguska expedition of 1927–1928, Boris Kuftin (1892–1953). Methods and materials. Participants of the Tunguska Expedition conducted field research on Lake Baikal and the Far East in places where Evenks, Nanais, Negidals, Nivkhs, Oroches, and Udeges people lived. They collected valuable ethnographic materials about the ethnocultural features of settlement, types of dwellings, fishing activities, life cycle rituals, shamanism, holidays, and features of the language and folklore of the Tunguso-Manchus and Paleoasiats. Field notebooks of B.A. Kuftin are stored in St. Petersburg, in the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (the Kunstkamera) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and contain a large volume of ethnographic and anthropological information, drawings, shamanic texts, and various life support technologies. Results. However, in addition to them, the scientific heritage of the scientist has a travel diary, which reflects personal road observations and impressions of B.A. Kuftin, subjective characteristics of regional transport infrastructure in the first quarter of the 20th century, his own assessments of the development of Siberian and far Eastern historical science, their relationship with world science, and museum business in Eastern Siberia and the Far East. During the route, B.A. Kuftin met a large number of scientists – representatives of different scientific disciplines – who showed aspects of their complex social relations at the time.
EFFECT OF MIXING PORT LENGTH ON INTERNAL FLOW AND NEAR-FIELD JET CHARACTERISTICS OF TWIN-FLUID ATOMIZERS
Authors: Deng Yicheng , Xing Wenjing , Jin Yu , Leng Xianyin , Sato Kazunori , Nishida Keiya , Ogata Youichi , Raut Sushil
Published: May 2024

The present study aims to elucidate the effect of the mixing port, defined as the region where liquid and gas mix, on the internal flow and atomization process. The volume of fluid-large eddy simulation (VOF-LES) method is conducted to investigate the multiphase flow behavior in three types of twin-fluid atomizers by different mixing port lengths: 6 mm, 12.5 mm, and 25 mm. Furthermore, the jet breakup processes are observed using a high-speed video camera. The results indicate that under a low liquid flow rate, annular flow occurrs in the three types of atomizers. The thickness of the annular liquid film becomes more uniform as the length of the mixing port increases. However, at high liquid flow rates, the spray performance first increases and then decreases with the increase of mixing port length and an excessively long mixing port restrained jet dispersion. The turbulence effect and the interaction between the atomizing air and liquid increase as the flow progresses downstream, leading to the swinging motion of the jet. By comparing the spray performance of high and low liquid mass flow rates, it can be concluded that the spray performance of the mixing port length of 12.5 mm is the best in this study. Although at a low liquid flow rate, the jet breakup from the region where the liquid film is located is thinner. The mixing port length of 6 mm shows large differences in atomization performance under different mass flow rates, making it difficult to ensure atomization quality under complex operating conditions. For the mixing port length of 25 mm, the jet maintains an annular pattern and hardly breaks up.
Magma Evolution of Ngebel Volcano, Ponorogo, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Yudiantoro Dwi Fitri , Ratnaningsih Dyah Rini , Pratiknyo Puji , Mahreni Mahreni , Sayudi Dewi Sri , Haty Intan Paramita , Hamdalah Hafiz , Abdurrachman Mirzam , Takashima Isao , Ismunandar Wisnu , Muhammad Richzkey , Sampurno Demi Ganjar
Published: May 2024

The magma evolution of Ngebel Volcano, both temporally and spatially, is represented by the characteristics of its lava. Ngebel Volcano, located in East Java, is a Quaternary andesitic stratovolcano. This volcano is part of the Wilis Volcanic Complex. The volcanism stage of Ngebel Volcanic Complex can be divided into the Jeding with andesitic basalt (SiO2 49 - 59%), pyroxene andesite Kemlandingan (SiO2 49 - 59%), Manyutan with hornblende andesite (SiO2 49 - 59%), and Ngebel with dacite (SiO2: 49 - 59%). The variation of major elements combined with petrographic features such as plagioclase, pyroxene, hornblende, quartz, and opaque minerals from basaltic andesite to dacite is interesting. The minerals show that the magma differentiation process of Ngebel Volcanic Complex is the results of fractional crystallization of magma. The purpose of this study is to determine the evolution of magma from volcanic rocks of which stratigraphic positions have been determined. The analytical methodology used is petrographic and geochemical analysis. Detailed temporal evolution shows that magma from the Ngebel Volcanic Complex underwent a differentiation process that changed the magma composition from mafic to more felsic.
Offender Rehabilitation System in Hong Kong: From Traditions to Innovations
Authors: Filonenko Tatiana
Published: May 2024

Probation in Hong Kong is part of a broader concept – a system for the rehabilitation of offenders and the prevention of reoffending. In this approach, the focus of the probation service is not on the crime itself, but on the unresolved personal and social problems that underlie criminal behavior (lack of employment, housing, drug addiction, etc.). With regard to the rehabilitation of offenders in this administrative region, there are legal regulations that have undergone several stages of improvement, a well-developed organizational system of rehabilitation and a set of proven methods of working with offenders. All this makes the Hong Kong experience interesting from the point of view of the prospects of possible borrowing. The paper considers the legal regulation, the history of formation and development of the system of rehabilitation of offenders in Hong Kong, the influence of the English experience on its formation; highlights the features of the organization of the rehabilitation system, as well as its advantages that contribute to the optimization of work processes. Probation in Hong Kong started with juvenile offenders and later extended to adults. Probation in Hong Kong is now a criminal law institution accompanying alternative sentences to imprisonment. Based on academic research, official publications of the Social Welfare Department (SWD) and the Correctional Services Department (CSD) of Hong Kong, and statistical data, the author explores specific measures of support for ex-convicts, social rehabilitation, and the effectiveness of their application. The author identifies the key points of effectiveness of the Hong Kong system of rehabilitation of offenders: well-built hierarchical organizational structure (departmentalization of the service); division of functions between the agencies supervising social welfare and correctional institutions; emphasis on the use of social work methods in the creation of rehabilitation programs; a wide range of rehabilitation programs targeting different groups of offenders; comprehensive nature of rehabilitation, involvement of family and community. In conclusion, the author’s vision of the prospects of using the Hong Kong experience in the Russian realities, coupled with the analysis of the new legislation on probation, is stated.
Artisan – Expert, Specialist, Witness?
Authors: Smolkova Iraida
Published: May 2024

The article analyzes the problem of using special knowledge in the field of craft in the investigation and trial of criminal cases. The history of the of such knowledge in the field of criminal proceedings goes back to ancient times. For the first time, the use of such knowledge in criminal proceedings was indicated in the Code of Laws of the Russian Empire in 1832. Subsequently, it was established: the Charter of Criminal Proceedings of 1864, the Criminal Procedure Codes of the RSFSR of 1922, 1923, 1960. The current Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation does not indicate the scope of knowledge used in expert research, but this flaw is compensated by the Federal Law of May 31, 2001 No. 73-FZ “On State Forensic Expert Activities in the Russian Federation”, revealing the concept of examination, including in the sphere of specialized knowledge, except science, technology, art and craft. Scientificity cannot be a sign of craft knowledge, since, firstly, the legislator himself separates areas of specialized knowledge from each other, and, in particular, from science, and secondly, knowledge in this area does not require professional education, experience is sufficient, as well as skills and mastery. An artisan cannot and should not act as an expert in a criminal case, due to the requirements placed on an expert regarding knowledge and qualifications, he is unlikely to be able to conduct an expert study and draw up a qualified expert opinion. For the same reason, he also cannot be involved in giving a specialist opinion, since its preparation requires appropriate knowledge and competence. An artisan may be invited as a specialist to participate in procedural actions in accordance with Part 1 of Art. 58 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation or interrogated as an ordinary witness who may know any circumstances relevant to the investigation and resolution of the criminal case (Part 1 of Article 56 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation).
Investigators’ Mistakes in the Appointment of Forensic Examinations
Authors: Belyakov Alexander , Tsvetkova Anna
Published: May 2024

The paper investigates the problem of mistakes and violations made by investigators when appointing forensic examinations. Among the reasons studied are the imperfection of curricula, the constant emergence of new research objects, as well as genera and types of examinations, the inconsistency of departmental acts fixing the lists of forensic examinations, and their specifics, etc. As part of the study, the authors rely on the position that the mistake is involuntary and unintentional, and the investigator acts in good faith and is ready to do everything to avoid the appearance of an mistake in the actions when appointing examinations. Typical mistakes and violations are considered: non-appointment or untimely appointment of expert studies, appointment of examinations when there is no such need, appointment of studies to the wrong body, erroneous sequence of appointment of examinations, errors in setting questions and handling of objects submitted for research. For each mistake, the authors suggest the best methods to prevent it, which, in general, include the following: increasing the number of training hours allocated to forensic science courses, disseminating digital reference systems to assist in assigning forensic examinations (Digital Forensic Science Guide and mobile application “CrimLib – Investigator’s Reference Guide”), seeking preliminary advice from a specialist, careful planning when determining sequences of forensic examinations, etc. As a result of the study, the authors conclude that today there is an urgent need to implement all of the proposed measures, as it directly affects the effectiveness of crime detection and investigation.
Does the Defense Lawyer Have the Right to Discuss the Fee of the Lawyer Represening the Victim in a Court Hearing?
Authors: Konin Vladimir
Published: May 2024

Attorney’s professional ethics code prohibits to discuss the feasibility of the fees paid to other attorneys with persons who apply for legal assistance or with principals. However, does the defense attorney have a right to discuss this point in a court hearing, when the question of collecting procedural costs from the defendant is considered, and the defense attorney objects against the amount of expenses for paying the attorney’s fee as claimed by the victim? By studying the normative legal acts regulating similar situations and using comparative analysis, the author concludes that the current norm allows for a broad interpretation, which contradicts the constitutional principle of the clarity of legal norms.
The Main Tasks and Content of the Basic Methodology for Investigating Crimes Related to the Activities of Foreign Citizens and Stateless Persons
Authors: Kuleshova Anna
Published: May 2024

The article discusses the forensically relevant categories that are directly linked with the basic methodology of investigating crimes connected with the activities of foreign citizens and stateless persons. It is proven that the approach to formulating the clauses of this methodology should be practice-oriented. The author considers the opinion according to which the methodology of crime investigation could be called the methodology of “uncovering a crime”, which clearly determines its basic value for the implementation of goals of the law enforcement bodes. It is noted that crime investigation in general, including the investigation of those crimes connected with the activities of foreign citizens and stateless persons, is a creative process which, while being based on the foundations regulated by the current legislation, could expand its algorithms and methods. Key tasks and contents of the basic methodology are determined.
Digital Transformation of the Resource Potential of Accounting and Analytical Workers in the Preparation of Competitive Actors of the Service Sector
Authors: Chistyakova Olga , Zhdanova Elena
Published: May 2024

The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the digital transformation of the resource potential of accounting and analytical workers in the preparation of competitive actors in the service sector. The purpose is to consider the competencies of accounting and analytical workers as an integral part of the resource potential in the context of digital economy transformation. The low level of digital competencies causes the lack of new skills as components of resource potential in terms of economic growth. In this regard, the topic of the study is relevant. The scientific novelty of the research consists in development of universal model of digital competences for workers of registration and analytical positions as a derivative of resource potential. It was concluded that the digital transformation of the resource potential of accounting and analytical specialists consists in the acquisition of digital competencies, which contributes to economic growth and the development of competition, favorably affecting the improvement of the service sector in the country, thought indirectly. The research method was not based on individual methods, but on their combination. Working on the article the author used cognitive and systemic approaches.
Transformation of Russian Marketplaces Activities in Conditions of Sanctions Pressure
Authors: Fedotov Andrey
Published: May 2024

The policy of strengthening economic sanctions by the West could not but affect the activities of the trade sphere. In particular, the sanctions restrictions have had a significant impact on the functioning of Russian electronic trading platforms and marketplaces. Against the background of the departure of a large number of Western brands and retailers from Russia, the Russian representatives of marketplaces faced the urgent issue of developing strategic measures to overcome the crisis situation in the consumer market. An increasing number of consumers began to use the services of domestic marketplaces, which prompted their representatives to change their activities, taking into account the demands and conditions of the modern market. The article discusses the transformation issues of the domestic marketplaces functioning, based on the actual geo-political situation. The statistical and factor analysis carried out in the study allowed us to give an objective assessment of the situation in this business. In the process of studying and analyzing the latest regulations and sources of modern literature, a hypothesis was proposed, the essence of which is that this entrepreneurial niche left by Western companies after leaving the Russian market can be effectively filled with domestic electronic platforms. The author presents a specific toolkit for solving problems related to the domestic marketplaces activities. Among the tools used, special attention should be paid to measures for the application of optimal logistics models of interaction between trading business participants, as well as measures of a legal plan.
Knowledge and attitudes of oral health care workers on HIV-associated oral lesions: A study at PHC facilities in Gauteng
Authors: Dhlodhlo Ndlelanhle M , Mukhari-Baloyi Ntsakisi A , Madiba Thomas K
Published: May 2024

Oral health care workers (OHCWs) are critical in providing holistic treatment and preventing the spread of HIV disease. They are uniquely placed to identify, diagnose, manage and treat HIV-related oral lesions.Aim To determine oral health clinicians’ knowledge and attitudes towards HIV-associated oral lesions. Methodology
A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted at Gauteng’s primary health care (PHC) facilities. Data collection targeted the three categories of OHCWs – dentists, dental therapists and oral hygienists. ResultsThe response rate was 67.5% (n=110), majority of the participants, 76.4% (n=84), were female. Nearly all participants, 91.8% (n=100), agreed that oral lesions are common in people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA) and that early diagnosis of HIV/treatment increases PLHIV’s life expectancy. More than three-quarters (80%) reported that they had no problem treating patients diagnosed with HIV. Almost a third, 36.4% (n=40), listed necrotising periodontal conditions and oral candidiasis 34.5% (n=38) as the most common oral manifestations. Most respondents correctly identified oral candidiasis (92.7%), Kaposi sarcoma (84.5%) and necrotising ulcerative periodontal conditions (80.9%).ConclusionAlthough OHCWs had sound knowledge of oral manifestations of HIV, training programmes must be prioritised for knowledge transfer. Dental facilities can be used as a health-promoting platform and a viable location for provider-initiated testing and counselling (PICT) and client-initiated counselling and testing (CICT), also known as voluntary counselling and testing (VCT). The use of HIV rapid testing kits is an option to be explored in the dental facility by OHCWs.
Assessment of teaching strategies and learning style preferences of lecturers and oral hygiene students at a higher education institution in South Africa
Authors: Morule M , Bhayat A , Madiba TK , Nkambule NR , Mgabe N
Published: May 2024

Lecturers and students at tertiary institutions have different teaching strategies and learning styles (TS&LS) and it is essential to align these strategies and styles to ensure that students understand the concepts they are taught. This study was conducted to assess and compare the TS&LS preferences among lecturers and undergraduate oral hygiene students at a university in South Africa.
¿Migrantes virtuales? La comunidad de Papers, Please a través de internet
Authors:   Instituto de Investigaciones Dr. José María Luis Mora-México, Almazán Manuel
Published: May 2024

La especie humana ha jugado desde épocas prehistóricas; los juegos le han permitido ubicarse en el espacio y desplazarse por el mismo; de igual forma, los juegos le han proporcionado diferentes normas de conducta; finalmente, los juegos han servido como práctica de tareas más elaboradas: ya sea en la vida adulta o después de la muerte. El juego más antiguo del que se tiene registro es un tablero dividido en casillas por el que presuntamente se desplazaban los jugadores después de lanzar una especie de dados, si un jugador llega a una de las casillas ocupadas por otro jugador, este cae y debe volver a comenzar. Varios de estos tableros se han encontrado en el cementerio real de Ur (Mesopotamia) y se calcula que tienen una antigüedad de 5000 años (Llagostera, 2011). Estos juegos rituales no fueron exclusivos de Mesopotamia. León Portilla (2020) ha recuperado varios mitos según los cuales los dioses entregaron el juego de pelota a los hombres, incluso jugaron con ellos.