bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiple functions and essential roles of nuclear receptor coactivators of bHLH-PAS family
Authors: Pecenova L. , Farkas Robert
Published: August 2016

Classical non-peptide hormones, such as steroids, retinoids, thyroid hormones, vitamin D3 and their derivatives including prostaglandins, benzoates, oxysterols, and bile acids, are collectively designated as small lipophilic ligands, acting via binding to the nuclear receptors (NRs). The NRs form a large superfamily of transcription factors that participate virtually in every key biological process. They control various aspects of animal development, fertility, gametogenesis, and numerous metabolic pathways, and can be misregulated in many types of cancers. Their enormous functional plasticity, as transcription factors, relates in part to NR-mediated interactions with plethora of coregulatory proteins upon ligand binding to their ligand binding domains (LBD), or following covalent modification. Here, we review some general views of a specific group of NR coregulators, so-called nuclear receptor coactivators (NRCs) or steroid receptor coactivators (SRCs) and highlight some of their unique functions/roles, which are less extensively mentioned and discussed in other reviews. We also try to pinpoint few neglected moments in the cooperative action of SRCs, which may also indicate their variable roles in the hormone-independent signaling pathways.
Regional Development and Climate Change Adaptation: A Study of the Role of Legitimacy
Authors: Thorstensen Erik , Forsberg Ellen-Marie , Underthun Anders , Danihelka Pavel , Řeháček Jakub
Published: August 2016

This paper presents results from a study of Czech Local Action Groups (LAGs), focusing on gaining knowledge about their internally perceived legitimacy and their potential role in local adaptation to climate change. Former studies on the role of governance networks in climate change adaptation have suggested that these networks’ legitimacy are crucial for their success. In this article we provide an analytical framework that can be used to address different aspects of local governance networks which are important for their legitimacy and the way they are apt as instruments for climate change adaptation actions. We also present a survey among LAG members that provide empirical data that we discuss in the article. The framework and the data are discussed with reference to existing contributions in the intersection of legitimacy, governance networks and climate change adaptation. A specific aim is to provide research based recommendations for further improving LAGs as an adaptation instrument. In addition, knowledge is generated that will be interesting for further studies of similar local governance initiatives in the climate change adaptation context.
On Belk’s classifying space for Thompson’s group F
Authors: Sabalka Lucas , Zaremsky Matthew C. B.
Published: August 2016

The space of configurations of n ordered points in the plane serves as a classifying space for the pure braid group

P
⁢

B
n

${PB_{n}}$

. Elements of Thompson’s group F admit a model similar to braids, except instead of braiding the strands split and merge. In Belk’s thesis, a space

𝒞
⁢
F

${\mathcal{C}F}$

was considered of configurations of points on the real line allowing for splitting and merging, and a sketch of a proof was given that

𝒞
⁢
F

${\mathcal{C}F}$

is a classifying space for F. The idea there was to build the universal cover and construct an explicit contraction to a point. However, this was never written up rigorously. Here we start with an established

CAT
⁡

(
0
)

${\operatorname{CAT}(0)}$

cube complex X on which F acts freely, and construct an explicit homotopy equivalence between

X
/
F

${X/F}$

and

𝒞
⁢
F

${\mathcal{C}F}$

, proving that

𝒞
⁢
F

${\mathcal{C}F}$

is indeed a

K
⁢

(
F
,
1
)

${K(F,1)}$

.
Performance of Ozonation Process as Advanced Treatment for Antibiotics Removal in Membrane Permeate
Authors: Thanh Cao Ngoc Dan , Quyen Vo Thi Kim , Tin Nguyen Thanh , Thanh Bui Xuan
Published: August 2016

There was an investigation into the removal of 6 types of antibiotics from hospital wastewater through membrane bioreactor (MBR) treatment and ozonation processes. Six types of antibiotics, namely, Sulfamethoxazole (SMZ), Norfloxacin (NOR), Ciprofloxacin (CIP), Ofloxacin (OFL), Erythromycin (ERY), and Vancomycin (VAN) which had high detection frequencies in collected samples from hospital wastewater treatment plant (HWTPs). After MBR treatment, the removal efficiencies of SMZ, NOR, OFL, and ERY were 45%, 25%, 30%, and 16%, respectively. Among of them, almost no elimination was observed for CIP and VAN since their concentrations increased by 0.24 ± 0.18 (μg·l-1) and 0.83 ± 0.20 (μg·l-1), respectively. Then, residues of the antibiotics were removed from the MBR effluent by the ozonation process. The overall removal efficiencies of SMZ, NOR, CIP, OFL, ERY, and VAN were approximately 66 %, 88 %, 83 %, 80 %, 93 %, and 92 %, respectively. The reason might be depended on different ozone consumption of those antibiotics (ABS) in a range of 313 to 1681 μg ABS·gO--1. Consequently, the ozonation process performed better in the antibiotics removal (e.g. CIP and VAN) so ozonation could be considered as important support for the MBR treatment to reduce the risk of antibiotic residues.
Comparison Tools for Parametric Identification of Kinetic Model for Ethanol Production using Evolutionary Optimization Approach
Authors: López-Pérez P. A. , Puebla H. , Velázquez Sánchez H. I. , Aguilar-López R.
Published: August 2016

Living cells, type of substrate, enzymatic hydrolysis play an important role in the efficiency of ethanol production; however, the kinetic parameters of biochemical reactions necessary for modelling these processes are often not accessible directly through experiments. In this context, for the implementation of suitable operational strategies, it is necessary to have kinetic models able to describe the process as realistically as possible. This paper proposes a comparative study of two nonlinear techniques for parametric identification of a kinetic model for ethanol production from recycled paper sludge in order to improve process performance. The parameters of the model are optimized by two methods: using the Levenberg–Marquardt optimization approach and Genetic Algorithms. The performances of both techniques are evaluated using a numerical simulation. The optimal value of these parameters have been obtained based on Genetic Algorithm. Finally, the effect of parametric adjustment and dilution rate on productivity was demonstrated by changing the batch operation to the continuous operating model. The maximum ethanol concentration was about 13.25 g/l in batch process and about 13.9 g/l at Dilution rate: 0.005 1/h corresponding to a productivity of 0.327 in continuous process.
Study of Spray-dried Yoghurt Production in a Pilot-scale Equipment Using Drying Agents to Reduce Wall Deposition
Authors: Triboli Edison Paulo De Ros , Gut Jorge Andrey Wilhelms
Published: August 2016

The objective of this study was to determine suitable conditions for yoghurt spray drying in a pilot-scale equipment with a rotary atomizer using drying auxiliary agents to reduce wall deposition in the drying chamber. First, the effects of the main process variables (disk rotation speed: 25,000–30,000 rpm; inlet air temperature: 160–180 °C; feed flow rate: 5.2–8.7 kg/h) were studied with a 23 central composite experimental design. Following, six different drying agents (maltodextrins 5 dextrose equivalent [DE] and 10 DE, EmCap®, acacia gum, skimmed milk and fumed silica) were tested to identify the most promising additive to improve process yield. Excellent results on wall deposition, product recovery, product color and particle size distribution span were achieved with fumed silica Aerosil® at 3 %, 26,000-rpm atomizer speed, 160 °C inlet air temperature and 8.7 kg/h yoghurt feed flow rate. The action of the fumed silica on particle agglomerates produced a free-flowing powder with good homogeneity.
Design and Evaluation of 10-Gbps Inter-satellite Optical Wireless Communication Link for Improved Performance
Authors: Gupta Amit , Nagpal Shaina
Published: August 2016

Inter-satellite optical wireless communication (IsOWC) systems can be chosen over existing microwave satellite systems for deploying in space in the future due to their high bandwidth, small size, light weight, low power and low cost. However, the IsOWC system suffers from various attenuations due to weather conditions, turbulence or scintillations which limit its performance and decreases its availability. So, in order to improve the performance, IsOWC system using directly modulated laser source is proposed in this work. The system is designed and evaluated to be suitable for high data rate transmissions up to 10 Gbps. The performance of the system is investigated in order to reduce the cost and complexity of link and improving the quality of information signal. Further the proposed IsOWC system is analysed using BER analyser, power meter and oscilloscope Visualizer.
A manifesto for critical narrative research and pedagogy for/with young children: Teacher and child as critical annalist
Authors: O’Loughlin Michael
Published: August 2016

In this essay I pose the question of whether it might be possible to articulate a collaborative, critical narrative mode of research in which teachers and students come together using a critical and analytic epistemology to engage in adventurous pedagogy. This approach has echoes of Freire’s “teachers-as-students and students- -as-teachers,” but elaborates the Freirean metaphor to include conceptions of emotion, creativity, and incorporation of the latent historical subjectivities of teachers and students in the process. Contrary to the deadening, circumscribed epistemology of putatively “evidence-based” pedagogies, in which teachers and children are expected to check their cultural meaning-making capacities and their emotional investments at the door, this is a plea for a regenerative, engaged, local curriculum making process. As I note in the essay, “This is a strategy that cannot work in the service of utilitarian modes of education that are focused only on value (cf. Appiah, 2015). It can only work for forms of schooling that seek to foster values of receptivity, cultural respect, open-mindedness, and critical imaginaries. In these coldly utilitarian times we need to provide leadership to progressively minded teachers to allow them to develop, document, and disseminate such practices.”
Diverse complexities, complex diversities: Resisting ‘normal science’ in pedagogical and research methodologies. A perspective from Aotearoa (New Zealand)
Authors: Ritchie Jenny
Published: August 2016

This paper offers an overview of complexities of the contexts for education in Aotearoa, which include the need to recognise and include Māori (Indigenous) perspectives, but also to extend this inclusion to the context of increasing ethnic diversity. These complexities include the situation of worsening disparities between rich and poor which disproportionately position Māori and those from Pacific Island backgrounds in situations of poverty. It then offers a brief critique of government policies before providing some examples of models that resist ‘normal science’ categorisations. These include: the Māori values underpinning the effective teachers’ profile of the Kotahitanga project and of the Māori assessment model for early childhood education; the dispositions identified in a Samoan model for assessing young children’s learning; and the approach developed for assessing Māori children’s literacy and numeracy within schools where Māori language is the medium of instruction. These models all position learning within culturally relevant frames that are grounded in non-Western onto-epistemologies which include spiritual, cultural, and collective aspirations.
What I learned from the Ypsilanti Perry Preschool Project: A teacher’s reflections
Authors: Derman-Sparks Louise
Published: August 2016

This article, written by one of the teachers in the Ypsilanti Perry Preschool Project (1962-1967), critically examines the prevailing narrative about the preschool project’s relationship to the High/Scope Educational Foundation. It describes what the author and other teachers actually did, the principles that informed their practice, and challenges the prevailing myth that the Perry Preschool used the High/ Scope Educational Foundation curriculum. It also discusses what the High/Scope Longitudinal Study did not research about the program, families, and children in the Ypsilanti Perry Preschool and examines possible factors, beyond the curriculum, which effected its positive outcomes. The Perry Preschool Project occurred during the years of the 1960s Civil Rights Movement in the USA, and reflected prevailing ideologies and educational philosophies, some of which were in contention with each other. By bringing the Teachers’ voices to the prevailing discussion, which, to date, is dominated by the Project administrators’ perspective, the article seeks to open up new thinking about the lessons of the Ypsilanti Perry Preschool Project for both early childhood education pedagogy and research.
A novel splice site mutation of FGD1 gene in an Aarskog-Scott syndrome patient with a large anterior fontanel
Authors: Parıltay Erhan , Hazan Filiz , Ataman Esra , Demir Korcan , Etlik Özdal , Özbek Erhan , Özkan Behzat
Published: August 2016

Aarskog-Scott syndrome (ASS) is a rare X-linked recessive genetic disorder caused by
The Duty to Disobey Immigration Law
Authors: Hidalgo Javier S.
Published: August 2016

Many political theorists argue that immigration restrictions are unjust and defend broadly open borders. In this paper, I examine the implications of this view for individual conduct. In particular, I argue that the citizens of states that enforce unjust immigration restrictions have duties to disobey certain immigration laws. States conscript their citizens to help enforce immigration law by imposing legal duties on these citizens to monitor, report, and refrain from interacting with unauthorized migrants. If an ideal of open borders is true, these laws are unjust. Furthermore, if citizens comply with their legal duties, they contribute to violating the rights of migrants. We are obligated to refrain from contributing to rights-violations. So, citizens are obligated to disobey immigration laws. I defend the moral requirement to disobey immigration laws against the objection that disobedience to the law is excessively risky and the objection that citizens have political obligations to obey the law.
Visual Communication – The Text-Image Relationships in Günter Grass’ Novel Der Butt
Authors: Bargan Andrea
Published: August 2016

We are living in an age of visual communication, where the image has taken over the first place as primary message carrier. The concept of “visual communication” has been often discussed not only in literary science but also in text linguistics, pragmatics and discourse analysis. The issue of text-image connections and of “visual writing” as well as the fact that our time appears to stand for a technological and digital revolution have also led to the emergence of a new branch in text linguistics namely, visual communication linguistics.
Recent advancements in plasmon-enhanced promising third-generation solar cells
Authors: Thrithamarassery Gangadharan Deepak , Xu Zhenhe , Liu Yanlong , Izquierdo Ricardo , Ma Dongling
Published: August 2016

The unique optical properties possessed by plasmonic noble metal nanostructures in consequence of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) are useful in diverse applications like photovoltaics, sensing, non-linear optics, hydrogen generation, and photocatalytic pollutant degradation. The incorporation of plasmonic metal nanostructures into solar cells provides enhancement in light absorption and scattering cross-section (via LSPR), tunability of light absorption profile especially in the visible region of the solar spectrum, and more efficient charge carrier separation, hence maximizing the photovoltaic efficiency. This review discusses about the recent development of different plasmonic metal nanostructures, mainly based on Au or Ag, and their applications in promising third-generation solar cells such as dye-sensitized solar cells, quantum dot-based solar cells, and perovskite solar cells.
Crystal structure of hexaaqua-bis(3-(3-pyridin-4-yl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl) propionato-κ3O,O′:O′)-bis(3-(3-pyridin-4-yl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)propionato-κO)-bis(3-(3-pyridin-4-yl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)propionato-κ2O,O′)dineodymium(III) octahydrate, C60H76N18O32Nd2
Authors: Zhang Fang , Huang Fang , Zhang Zhaoqun , Lu Yanhua , Chen Qifan , Liu Fei
Published: August 2016

C60H76N18O32Nd2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 10.609(5) Å, b = 31.215(5) Å, c = 12.407(4) Å, β = 116.54(3)°, V = 3676(2) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0450, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0910, T = 293(2) K.
Governmental Influences on Organizational Capacity: The Case of Child Welfare Nonprofits
Authors: Murphy Haley , Robichau Robbie Waters
Published: August 2016

When government agencies interact with nonprofit organizations they have various effects on the organization’s capacity. But, it is unclear how a particular agency’s environment-both internal (i. e. organizational culture) and external (i. e. resource dependency)-determines whether government’s influence on that agency will be positive or negative. Using data from a survey of child welfare nonprofits, this paper examines to what extent a nonprofit’s relationship with government improves or hinders their capacity. Evidence suggests that the nonprofit’s organizational culture, dependency on government funds, and relational contracting has a significant impact on the perception that governmental interaction has made capacity better or worse. Contrary to expectations, there are improvements in management activities as government funding and contracts increases.
Conductivity and dielectric analysis of nanocolloidal polypyrrole particles functionalized with higher weight percentage of poly(styrene sulfonate) using the dispersion polymerization method
Authors: Maruthamuthu S. , Chandrasekaran J. , Manoharan D. , Magesh R.
Published: August 2016

Nanocolloidal polypyrrole/poly(styrene sulfonate) PPy:PSS composites were prepared by dispersion polymerization of pyrrole with 0.5 wt%, 1 wt%, 2.5 wt%, 5 wt%, 10 wt% and 15 wt% of PSS. Higher doping level of PPy was confirmed with increased S/N value of elemental analysis. Morphological variations of PPy composite matrix based on PSS were analyzed in which spherical shaped PPy particles of 20–40 nm were obtained for 1:1 wt% of PPy:PSS. Presence of higher concentration of PSS within the PPy matrix substantially improved its thermal stability. Dielectric properties were investigated using complex impedance analyzer as a function of frequency (50 Hz–5 MHz) and temperature between 30°C and 120°C. PPy, with improved dispersion, showed higher dielectric constant values up to 15 wt% of anionic polyelectrolyte PSS and the dielectric loss varied between 4.7 and 7.9 for different wt% of PSS. AC conductivity (σac) enhanced up to 1:1 wt% of PPy:PSS composite, which is found to be the optimum wt% in this study. DC conductivity was found to decrease after 1:1 wt% of PPy:PSS composite, which is due to excess oxidation, leading to reduced π conjugation of PPy chains. Higher dielectric constant values of composite, with relatively low dielectric loss values, indicate their potential usage in the electric and electronic industry.
Experimental and numerical determination of compressive mechanical properties of multi-walled carbon nanotube reinforced polymer
Authors: Alasvand Zarasvand Kamran , Golestanian Hossein
Published: August 2016

In this paper, experimental and numerical methods were used to determine compressive mechanical properties of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) reinforced epoxy. Standard samples with varying weight fractions of MWCNTs were prepared and were tested in compression. Nanocomposite modulus of elasticity, yield strength and compressive strength were determined experimentally. Experimental results show that incorporation of CNTs improves yield and compressive strengths of the epoxy resin to a large extent. Also, numerical simulation of nanocomposites was conducted in ABAQUS finite element (FE) software. In these simulations, the effects of the interface strength between individual nanotubes and between the outer nanotube and matrix were also investigated. Two different mechanisms were used to model these interfaces. In one set of the models, connector constraints were used as the interface. In the second set, an interface consisting of thin shells surrounding the nanotubes was used. The results of this investigation suggest that nanocomposite longitudinal modulus increases with increasing interface strength. Also, numerical results suggest that the connector model predicts values lower than the thin shell interphase model. Finally, experimental and numerical results were compared and a good correlation is observed between the results.
Characterization of layer built-up and inter-layer boundaries in rotational molding of multi-material parts in dependency of the filling strategy
Authors: Löhner Martin , Drummer Dietmar
Published: August 2016

In rotational molding, shaping is achieved by elevating the temperature of polymer powder particles above their melting temperature, causing them to adhere to the mold wall. Multi-layer parts can be processed by sequential adding of different polymeric materials to the mold, while the thickness of each layer is defined by the amount of each material. In this work, the influence of adding time of a second component on the shape and development of the interface region between different materials for multi-layer rotational molding is investigated. Therefore, rotational molding experiments were conducted using an uniaxial rotating molding machine and a cylindrical mold. Varying the time of second material addition yielded different specific interface regions. The cross sections of the resulting multi-layer parts were analyzed using transmitted light microscopy and characteristic values were derived to describe the interfaces. Single-layer parts were produced to verify the built-up of the polymer layer and the development of the inner melt surface in rotational molding.
Subject omission/production in child bilingual English and child bilingual Spanish: the view from linguistic theory
Authors: Liceras Juana M. , Fernández Fuertes Raquel
Published: August 2016

In bilingual child language acquisition research, a recurrent learnability issue has been to investigate whether and how cross-linguistic influence would interact with the non-adult patterns of omission/production of functional categories. In this paper, we analyze the omission/production of subject pronouns in the earliest stage English grammar and the earliest stage Spanish grammar of two English–Spanish simultaneous bilingual children (FerFuLice corpus in CHILDES). We base this analysis on Holmberg’s (2005, Is there a little pro? Evidence from Finnish. Linguistic Inquiry 36. 533–564) and Sheehan’s (2006, The EPP and null subjects in Romance. Newcastle: Newcastle University PhD dissertation) formulation of the null subject parameter and on Liceras et al.’s (2012, Overt subjects and copula omission in the Spanish and the English grammar of English-Spanish bilinguals: On the locus and directionality of interlinguistic influence. First Language 32(1–2). 88–115) assumptions concerning the role of lexical specialization in cross-linguistic influence. We have conducted a comparative analysis of the patterns of production/omission of English and Spanish overt and null subjects in two bilingual children, on the one hand, versus the patterns of production/omission of one monolingual English child and one monolingual Spanish child, on the other. The results show that while there is no conclusive evidence as to whether or not English influences the higher production of overt subjects in child bilingual Spanish, the presence of null subjects in Spanish has a positive influence in the eradication of non-adult null subjects in bilingual English. We argue that in a bilingual situation, as compared to a monolingual one, lexical specialization in one of the languages of the bilinguals (the availability of an overt and a null realization of the subject in Spanish) facilitates the acquisition of the other language.
Functional polymorphisms in antioxidant genes in Hurthle cell thyroid neoplasm - an association ofGPX1polymorphism and recurrent Hurthle cell thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Krhin Blaz , Goricar Katja , Gazic Barbara , Dolzan Vita , Besic Nikola
Published: August 2016

Background

Hurthle cells of the thyroid gland are very rich in mitochondria and oxidative enzymes. As a high level oxidative metabolism may lead to higher level of oxidative stress and can be associated with an increased risk for cancer, we investigated whether common functional polymorphisms in antioxidant genes(SOD2, CAT, GPX, GSTP1,GSTM1andGSTT1) are associated with the development or clinical course of Hurthle cell thyroid carcinoma (HCTC).

Methods

A retrospective study was performed in 139 patients treated by thyroid surgery for a Hurthle cell neoplasm. HCTC, Hurthle cell thyroid adenoma (HCTA) or Hurthle cell thyroid nodule (HCTN) were diagnosed by pathomorphology. DNA was extracted from cores of histologically confirmed normal tissue obtained from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens and genotyped for investigated polymorphisms. Logistic regression was used to compare genotype distributions between patient groups.

Results

HCTC, HCTA and HCTN were diagnosed in 53, 47 and 21 patients, respectively. Metastatic disease and recurrence of HCTC were diagnosed in 20 and 16 HCTC patients, respectively. Genotypes and allele frequencies of investigated polymorphisms did not deviate from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in patients with HCTC, HCTA and HCTN. Under the dominant genetic model we observed no differences in the genotype frequency distribution of the investigated polymorphisms when the HCTA and HCTN group was compared to the HCTC group for diagnosis of HCTC or for the presence of metastatic disease. However,GPX1polymorphism was associated with the occurrence of recurrent disease (p = 0.040).

Conclusions

GPX1polymorphism may influence the risk for recurrent disease in HCTC.
The proliferation marker Ki67, but not neuroendocrine expression, is an independent factor in the prediction of prognosis of primary prostate cancer patients
Authors: Pascale Mariarosa , Aversa Cinzia , Barbazza Renzo , Marongiu Barbara , Siracusano Salvatore , Stoffel Flavio , Sulfaro Sando , Roggero Enrico , Bonin Serena , Stanta Giorgio
Published: August 2016

Background

Neuroendocrine markers, which could indicate for aggressive variants of prostate cancer and Ki67 (a well-known marker in oncology for defining tumor proliferation), have already been associated with clinical outcome in prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of those markers in primary prostate cancer patients.

Patients and methods

NSE (neuron specific enolase), ChrA (chromogranin A), Syp (Synaptophysin) and Ki67 staining were performed by immunohistochemistry. Then, the prognostic impact of their expression on overall survival was investigated in 166 primary prostate cancer patients by univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results

NSE, ChrA, Syp and Ki67 were positive in 50, 45, 54 and 146 out of 166 patients, respectively. In Kaplan-Meier analysis only diffuse NSE staining (negative vs diffuse, p = 0.004) and Ki67 (≤ 10% vs > 10%, p < 0.0001) were significantly associated with overall survival. Ki67 expression, but not NSE, resulted as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in multivariate analysis.

Conclusions

A prognostic model incorporating Ki67 expression with clinical-pathological covariates could provide additional prognostic information. Ki67 may thus improve prediction of prostate cancer outcome based on standard clinical-pathological parameters improving prognosis and management of prostate cancer patients.
Electrochemotherapy with bleomycin is effective in BRAF mutated melanoma cells and interacts with BRAF inhibitors
Authors: Dolinsek Tanja , Prosen Lara , Cemazar Maja , Potocnik Tjasa , Sersa Gregor
Published: August 2016

Background

The aim of the study was to explore the effectiveness of electrochemotherapy (ECT) during the treatment of melanoma patients with BRAF inhibitors. Its effectiveness was tested on BRAF mutated and non-mutated melanoma cellsin vitroand in combination with BRAF inhibitors.

Materials and methods

ECT with bleomycin was performed on two human melanoma cell lines, with (SK-MEL-28) or without (CHL-1) BRAF V600E mutation. Cell survival was determined using clonogenic assay to determine the effectiveness of ECT in melanoma cells of different mutation status. Furthermore, the effectiveness of ECT in concomitant treatment with BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib was also determined in BRAF mutated cells SK-MEL-28 with clonogenic assay.

Results

The survival of BRAF V600E mutated melanoma cells was even lower than non-mutated cells, indicating that ECT is effective regardless of the mutational status of melanoma cells. Furthermore, the synergistic interaction between vemurafenib and ECT with bleomycin was demonstrated in the BRAF V600E mutated melanoma cells.

Conclusions

The effectiveness of ECT in BRAF mutated melanoma cells as well as potentiation of its effectiveness during the treatment with vemurafenibin vitroimplies on clinical applicability of ECT in melanoma patients with BRAF mutation and/or during the treatment with BRAF inhibitors.
Biodegradable siderophores: survey on their production, chelating and complexing properties
Authors: Fazary Ahmed E. , Ju Yi-Hsu , Al-Shihri Ayed S. , Alfaifi Mohammad Y. , Alshehri Mohammed A.
Published: August 2016

The academic and industrial research on the interactions of complexing agents with the environment has received more attention for more than half a century ago and has always been concerned with the applications of chelating agents in the environment. In contrast, in recent years, an increasing scholarly interest has been demonstrated in the chemical and biological degradation of chelating agents. This is reflected by the increasing number of chelating agents-related publications between 1950 and middle of 2016. Consequently, the discovery of new green biodegradable chelating agents is of great importance and has an impact in the non-biodegradable chelating agent’s replacement with their green chemistry analogs. To acquire iron, many bacteria growing aerobically, including marine species, produce siderophores, which are low-molecular-weight compounds produced to facilitate acquisition of iron. To date and to the best of our knowledge, this is a concise and complete review article of the current and previous relevant studies conducted in the field of production, purification of siderophore compounds and their metal complexes, and their roles in biology and medicine.
Leveraging the network: A stress-test framework based on DebtRank
Authors: Battiston Stefano , Caldarelli Guido , D’Errico Marco , Gurciullo Stefano
Published: August 2016

We develop a novel stress-test framework to monitor systemic risk in financial systems. The modular structure of the framework allows to accommodate for a variety of shock scenarios, methods to estimate interbank exposures and mechanisms of distress propagation. The main features are as follows. First, the framework allows to estimate and disentangle not only first-round effects (i.e. shock on external assets) and second-round effects (i.e. distress induced in the interbank network), but also third-round effects induced by possible fire sales. Second, it allows to monitor at the same time the impact of shocks on individual or groups of financial institutions as well as their vulnerability to shocks on counterparties or certain asset classes. Third, it includes estimates for loss distributions, thus combining network effects with familiar risk measures such as VaR and CVaR. Fourth, in order to perform robustness analyses and cope with incomplete data, the framework features a module for the generation of sets of networks of interbank exposures that are coherent with the total lending and borrowing of each bank. As an illustration, we carry out a stress-test exercise on a dataset of listed European banks over the years 2008–2013. We find that second-round and third-round effects dominate first-round effects, therefore suggesting that most current stress-test frameworks might lead to a severe underestimation of systemic risk.
Reigniting Education in Juvie
Authors: Challet Anna
Published: August 2016

More than 47,000 kids spent time in one of California’s seventy-six court schools in 2014. The vast majority came from low-income households and were Black or Latino. The schools offer an opportunity to change kids’ lives while they’re a captive audience. But in California, that opportunity is being wasted because the schools are failing. In a state preoccupied with reforming education and moving away from mass incarceration, the schools that exist at the intersection of these movements are habitually ignored, under-resourced, and not held accountable.
КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНИЙ ПІДХІД ДО СЕЛЕКТИВНОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ВІДТВОРЮВАЛЬНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ У СИСТЕМІ СУМІЖНИХ РИНКІВ ЗЕРНА ТА ПРОДУКТІВ ЙОГО ПЕРЕРОБКИ
Authors: Нікішина О. В.
Published: August 2016

Визначено змістовну сутність категорії «стійкий відтворювальний розвиток». Обґрунтовано кон-цептуальний підхід до селективного регулювання відтворювальних процесів у системі вертикально су-міжних ринків зерна та продуктів його переробки, що органічно поєднав два напрями. Перший передба-чає нівелювання деформацій процесів відтворення шляхом впровадження інтервенційних, організацій-них і інституційних механізмів регулювання. Другий напрям орієнтований на стимулювання продукуван-ня доданої вартості товарів у ресурсоутворювальних секторах ринку, що позиціонуються як «точки зрос-тання», шляхом реалізації відтворювальних регуляторних механізмів
ФІНАНСОВИЙ МЕХАНІЗМ СТІЙКОГО РОЗВИТКУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА
Authors: Тарасова Е. В.
Published: August 2016

У статті досліджується роль фінансового механізму забезпечення стійкого розвитку підприємс-тва, обґрунтовується необхідність забезпечення збалансованості між цілями підприємства й умовамизовнішнього і внутрішнього середовища. Визначено складові підсистеми фінансового механізму, щозабезпечують стійкий розвиток підприємства. Розглянуто існуючі методологічні підходи до організаціїфінансів. Пропонується розширити концептуальний підхід до визначення фінансового механізму зарахунок включення комплексного, програмно-цільового та критеріального підходів.
ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ МЕТОДУ БЮДЖЕТУВАННЯ ВИТРАТ НА ВИРОБНИЦТВО
Authors: Евтушевская О О.
Published: August 2016

Основною метою статті є розробка теоретичних та практичних рекомендацій, щодо вдоскона-лення застосування системи бюджетування як інструменту управління витратами на підприємстві.Представлено метод бюджетування як інструмент для формування бюджетів витрат на підготовкута освоєння виробництва продукції. Встановлено, що бюджет витрат на підготовку та освоєннявиробництва продукції формується як складова частина загального бюджету підприємства, проте ви-рішує специфічні завдання бюджетування. Складаючи бюджет витрат, потрібно чітко встановити йоговзаємозв\'язок з іншими бюджетами підприємства.
Factors associated with the implementation of programs for drug abuse prevention in schools
Authors: Pereira Ana Paula Dias , Paes Ângela Tavares , Sanchez Zila M
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze if characteristics of managers, schools, and curriculum are associated with the implementation of programs for drug abuse prevention in elementary and high schools. METHODS Cross-sectional study, with random sample of 263 school managers. Data were collected between 2012 and 2013 by a program that sends forms via internet. A closed self-filling questionnaire was applied online. Statistical analysis included Chi-square tests and logistic regression models. The outcome variable was the presence of program for drug abuse prevention inserted in the daily life and educational program of the school. The explanatory variables were divided into: demographic data of the manager; characteristics of the school and of the curriculum; health education; and drug use in the school. RESULTS We found that 42.5% (95%CI 36.1–49.1) of the evaluated schools had programs for drug abuse prevention. With the multiple logistic regression model, we observed that the more time the manager has worked with education, the chance of the school having a program increased at about 4.0%. Experimenting with innovative teaching techniques also increased at about six times the chance of the school developing a program for drug abuse prevention. The difficulties in the implementation of the programs were more present in state and municipal schools, when compared with private schools, due to, for instance: lack of teaching materials, lack of money, and competing demands for teaching other subjects. CONCLUSIONS The implementation of programs for drug abuse prevention in the city of Sao Paulo is associated with the experience of the manager in education and with the teaching strategies of the school.
Some aspects of water and energy budget of a pyroclastic cover
Authors: Reder Alfredo , Rianna Guido , Pagano Luca
Published: August 2016

This paper investigates the soil–atmosphere interaction for a pyroclastic soil. With this aim, a physical model has been developed, consisting of a pyroclastic layer exposed to the atmosphere and extensively monitored to record the various terms of the soil–atmosphere energy balance and layer mass balance. The work interprets a long-term (4-year) monitoring data set in order to estimate the range of variation of the different quantities characterising soil–atmosphere interaction. The physical quantities are obtained from measurements or estimated from mass and energy balance. The study provides estimations on a monthly scale, by averaging over the monitoring period. In addition, mean seasonal values are provided for the energy terms. The paper adopts and compares two different approaches to estimating sensible heat flux and latent heat flux, distinguishing between the different components of short-wave radiation and determining average monthly values for the layer albedo. The main goal of the paper is to provide the range of variation of physical quantities, which are often unusual or in any case are poorly characterised for pyroclastic soils.
Ground improvement of soft soil by geotextile-encased columns
Authors: Hosseinpour Iman , Almeida Marcio S. S. , Riccio Mario
Published: August 2016

This paper compares the field response of two test embankments constructed on similar soft soil deposits. The un-strengthened foundation had vertical drains underneath the embankment and the strengthened foundation had geotextile-encased granular columns, both provided with basal geogrid reinforcement. The effectiveness of the encased granular columns was assessed by comparing the settlement below the embankments, the horizontal displacement of the soft foundation and the excess pore pressures in the middle of the soft clay layer. The results showed that the granular encased columns significantly reduced the maximum settlement occurring below the embankment as well as the maximum horizontal displacement in the clayey foundation. At the same settlement level, the load-carrying capacity of the strengthened foundation was found to increase by as much as around 2·5 times that of the un-strengthened one. It was also observed that the geotextile-encased granular columns caused a noticeable reduction in the maximum excess pore pressure following load application. Furthermore, the degree of consolidation achieved at the end of embankment construction was quite high when encased granular columns were used.
Impact of retarders by controlled addition on the setting, early hydration and microstructural development of different cements
Authors: von Daake Henning , Stephan Dietmar
Published: August 2016

Without the use of retarders, different applications in modern concrete technology would not be possible. The effect of retarders is among other factors influenced by its adsorption on first formed hydration products. Due to this, it is possible to enhance the retarder's impact on cement hydration significantly by controlled addition. This study presents investigations on cement pastes with additions of different retarders in varying dosages and addition times. Effects on the hydration process, setting behaviour and microstructural phase formation were monitored. With delayed addition after 5 min, the retarding effect was enhanced independent of the cement and the retarder type. However, with delayed addition after 15 min, an additional increase of the retardation depends on the cement admixture combination. Comparing calorimetry, setting time and ultrasonic measurements, similar observations were obtained. The correlation between the initial set and the derivation of the ultrasonic pulse velocity yielded good results. With the addition of sodium gluconate, the calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) formation after 1 d of hydration was significantly influenced by the addition time. The addition time of ethylenediamine tetra(methylene phosphonic acid) (EDTMP) did not show such influences on the microstructural development. The calcium–silicate–hydrate (C–S–H) formation yielded similar results compared to the portlandite formation.
Neo-liberalism: Employability, and the Labor Market Mobility among Racialized Migrants- Canada's Study
Authors: Madut Kon K
Published: August 2016

The paper discusses the effect of political paradigm on the path of career development and the predicament of employment outcomes among racialized migrants in Canada. The study highlights challenge of retraining, skills development and access to Canadian work experience that meets neo-labor market demands. The study also examines how neoliberals’ interventions in market place, elimination of social services, and employment support programs have deterred labor force integration of the racialized migrants’ job seekers. In this Grounded Theory study (GT), participants have shared their experiences and challenges they have encountered form own perspectives. They shared stories about difficulties of finding suitable training and employment support programs within the current neo-liberalized labor market in Canada. The outcomes suggested that the rise of neoliberalism as noted in policies of social and employment services cuts, coupled with employment standard Acts reforms (ESA), have given employers more powers over hiring process which in many cases has nothing to do with candidate’s skills or qualifications. In this neo-political paradigm, the racialized migrants felt they have wasted most of their productive years searching for (1) training, mentorship or employment support programs that can facilitate effective transition to the labor force, and (2) dealing with challenges of improving unrecognized skills and qualification attained from countries of origin.
BINARY FORMULA “HOME-CITY” AS METAVALUE OF ARCITECTURAL OBJECT AND A BINATY OPPOSITIONS MATRIX OF COMPOSITIONAL TECHNIQUES
Authors: MALAKHOV Sergey A.
Published: August 2016

Based on the research of humanitarian specifics of architectural form and architectural objects, three aspects are defined, from the position of which the CM system is adjusted the concept of the architectural object as megaobject (interconnected system of object and the physical environment) and how metaobject (conditioning facility, cultural space). The first aspect - the role of the binary opposition, meaning that in the architectural form of the object and system identification, or in a non-obvious, presented meanings that oppose each other, but do not displace each other. The second aspect - the presence of external environment (URBO landscape and cultural space). The presence of the environment, the environment has a formal aesthetic and ethical justification. As a result, the environment may become a challenge no less important than the object. The third aspect - the fundamental metavalue of architectural object, the method adopted in the composite as a basis. It relates to the interaction between the city and the house - two metavaluesi, covering almost all the layers and subsystems which appear in the process of interaction between the author and architectural form. This fundamental aspect is defined in the article as a universal binary formula House-City. The binary formula House- City determines the methodological structure and content of the genesis of the CM process carried out in phases as a gradual transition from the experience of abstract form to the project.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF NATURAL CONVECTION
Authors: NIKITIN Maksim N.
Published: August 2016

It is studied numerical simulation conditions using software ANSYS Fluent, Code Saturne and OpenFOAM using the example of the problem of natural convection of air in the closed volume in the presence of the heating element. A comparative analysis of packets on the basis of three turbulence models (k-, k- SST и LES) is given, an assessment of the adequacy of the results is shown. As a benchmark experimental data on the temperature profi le in the central section are used. Assumptions about the destructive factors that reduce the accuracy of the decision, partly confi rms the results of a comparative analysis of the convective mixing intensity, are made. Combined turbulence model k- SST is used to determine the eff ectiveness of the implementation of the wall functions in packages Code Saturne and OpenFOAM to the computational grid with a variable dimensionless distance in the range of 1 y + 5 and 10 y + 50.
METHOD OF SELECTION AND CALCULATION DEVICES AIR CLEANING FROM CONDENSED AEROSOLS
Authors: VATUZOV Denis N. , PURING Svetlana M.
Published: August 2016

This article defines the options to improve the efficiency of local exhaust ventilation systems by incorporating into the circuit from the air cleaning devices droplet aerosol. Schemes connecting cleaning apparatus in ventilation management system are worked out. In the first embodiment, the placement aerozoleulovitelya purified ventilation air is discharged directly to the atmosphere, in the second embodiment, the cleaned air is used in the recovery system, which is removed after the street. The feasibility of using the heat exchanger in the scheme is justified by comparing the technical and economic options and the need to improve energy efficiency. The method of selection and calculation of air cleaning devices from droplet sprays, on the basis of which it is possible to determine the design parameters of the system, to evaluate the amount of captured material, and choose the most appropriate in each case unit, focusing on the desired performance of the ventilation system, the necessary degree of purification and the area for mounting the device.
cor da ternura, de Geni Guimarães
Authors: De Mesquita Silva Luciana
Published: August 2016

Este artigo tem como objetivo fazer uma análise de The color of tenderness (2013), tradução de A cor da ternura (1989), de Geni Guimarães, realizada por Niyi Afolabi. Para tanto, serão considerados alguns aspectos como os paratextos, incluindo capa, prefácio e quarta capa, algumas das escolhas tradutórias adotadas, os perfis do tradutor e da editora e resenhas sobre o livro. Tal abordagem, com base nos Estudos Descritivos da Tradução, irá apontar para o fato de que tanto Geni Guimarães quanto The color of tenderness ocupam uma posição distinta no polo receptor em comparação à posição ocupada pela autora e por A cor da ternura no sistema de origem.