bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional foods in the northwestern Himalayan Region of India and their significance: a healthy dietary tradition of Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Dwivedi Sushmita , Singh Vineet , Mahra Kanika , Sharma Kritika , Baunthiyal Mamta , Shin Jae-Ho
Published: June 2024

The Himalayan mountain range in India is home to some of the most diverse ethnic communities and tribes, especially in the northwestern Himalayan range, which spans between the Indian provinces/states of Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh. The rich and diversity of the local flora offers nutritional diversity and ensures therapeutic certainty for the local communities (e.g., Garhwali, Kumaoni, Bhotiya, Jaunsari, Gaddi, and Kinnauri). The local varieties of millet, legumes, leafy vegetables, tubers, and ferns in different forms (fresh, sundried, flour, pickled, or fermented) are commonly used to prepare different dishes and locally produced beverages (e.g., soor/sur, pakhoi/paakuyi, chhang, jann/jan, jhol, lugdi/lugri, etc.). This centuries-old indigenous experience, the knowledge of local flora, and the traditional food preparation are key to meeting the dietary demands of local communities. In addition, these local delicacies are also rich in health-benefiting bioactive molecules and have functional food properties, which are not documented yet. Therefore, this review closely examines the functional food properties of the traditional food prepared in the Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh regions and provides the scientific evidence to preserve this rich dietary traditions.
Uncovering and evaluating coconut oil-loaded silica nanoemulsion as anti-viral, bacterial, and fungal: synthesis, fabrication, characterization, and biosafety profiles
Authors: Elnosary Mohamed E. , Aboelmagd Hesham A. , Sofy Ahmed R. , Hmed Ahmed A. , Refaey Ehab E. , Ali Sayeda M. , Hady Mayssa Abdel
Published: June 2024

Background

Coconut oil, a natural component abundant in terpenoids, possesses various physiological functions. The global concern over the spread of viral infections and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and fungi has highlighted the need for novel treatments. Coconut oil, with its known antimicrobial properties, presents an attractive candidate for combating these pathogens. This study aims to investigate the potential of coconut oil-loaded silica nanoemulsion (ON@SiO2) as a novel therapeutic agent against viral, antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, and fungal pathogens.

Results

The study synthesized coconut oil-loaded silica nanoemulsion (ON@SiO2) using an eco-friendly, cost-effective method with native coconut oil (CO). Characterization confirmed successful synthesis on the nanoscale with good distribution. Three nanoemulsion samples (ON-1@SiO2, ON-2@SiO2, and ON-3@SiO2) were prepared, with average particle sizes of 193 nm, 200 nm, and 325 nm, respectively. Evaluation of cytotoxicity on Vero-E6 cell lines indicated safety of ON-0@SiO2 and ON-3@SiO2, with CC50 values of 97.5 mg/ml and 89.1 mg/ml, respectively. ON-3@SiO2 demonstrated anti-Herpes I and II (HSV1 and HSV2) activity, with IC50 values of 1.9 mg/ml and 2.1 mg/ml, respectively. Additionally, ON-3@SiO2 exhibited promising antibacterial activity against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and B. subtilis, with MIC values of 25 mg/ml, 12.5 mg/ml, 25 mg/ml, and 3.12 mg/ml, respectively.

Conclusions

ON-3@SiO2 showed potential antifungal activity against C. albicans, a unicellular fungus, with an MIC of 12.5 mg/ml. Overall, ON@SiO2 possesses antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal properties.
The impact of technology readiness and adapting behaviours in the workplace: a mediating effect of career adaptability
Authors: Kumi Ernest , Osei Hannah Vivian , Asumah Sampson , Yeboah Abraham
Published: June 2024

This study aims to explore the impact of technology readiness (TR) on career adaptability (CA) and adapting behaviours among public sector workers in Ghana. It also examines the mediating role of CA in the relationship between TR and adapting behaviours. The study adopts a quantitative research design using a survey method. A sample of 484 public sector employees from various government agencies and departments in Ghana is selected. The study employed a non-probability sampling procedure that combined convenience and purposeful sampling. The data are analysed using covariance-based structural equation modelling with AMOS v24 to test the hypotheses and the proposed conceptual model. The results show that TR has a positive and significant effect on CA, boundary integration, and job crafting. CA also has a positive and significant effect on boundary integration and job crafting. Furthermore, CA mediates the relationship between TR and the two adapting behaviours. This study is one of the first to investigate the influence of TR on CA and adapting behaviours. It reveals how employees respond to the challenges and opportunities of technological innovation and work transformation. It also provides useful insights and recommendations for enhancing technology adoption and career development among public sector workers, especially in developing countries.
Reach and impact of a nationwide media campaign in Ethiopia for promoting safe breastfeeding practices in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Negussie Abel , Tefera Bereket , Mazengia Elyas Melaku , Hailemariam Ariam , Lejore Ephrem , Dejene Tariku , Tefera Abiy , Noor Ramadhani , Chitekwe Stanley , Getachew Hiwot , Sharma Rachana , Girma Eshetu
Published: June 2024

Background

In response to the COVID-19 challenge and the consequent concerns and misconceptions about potential mother-to-child virus transmission, the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), in collaboration with the Ethiopian Ministry of Health, launched a 3-month nationwide media campaign to promote appropriate and safe breastfeeding practices using national and regional television and radio channels, as well as social media. This study assesses the reach and impact of a media campaign in Ethiopia on improving mothers’, partners’/caregivers’, and the public’s awareness of and practices related to appropriate and safe breastfeeding.

Methods

A two-round mobile survey was conducted using random digit dialing (RDD) and an interactive voice response (IVR) system. In order to assess the impact of the media campaign, the study compared outcomes related to awareness, perceptions, and safe breastfeeding practices using post-intervention comparison data across levels of exposure (exposed vs. unexposed to the campaign). A propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed using a two sample test of proportions to estimate the impact of the media campaign.

Results

Among the 3170 mobile subscribers who completed the survey questions, half (50%) reported that they had seen or heard media advertisements about appropriate breastfeeding, the importance of continuing breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic, and how to safely breastfeed a baby when a mother is suspected or confirmed with COVID-19. The PSM analysis showed that exposure to the media campaign was significantly associated with awareness and perceptions of the importance of continuing appropriate breastfeeding during the pandemic among the general public (proportion difference, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.12–0.19; p < 0.0001) and mothers with children under 2 years old or their partners (proportion difference, 0.06; 95% CI, 0.01–0.12, p = 0.01).

Conclusions

The nationwide media campaign promoting safe breastfeeding practices in the context of COVID-19 reached half of the target breastfeeding mothers and the general public and had a significant impact on awareness and perceptions about the importance of continuing appropriate and safe breastfeeding practices. Future media campaigns should ensure that the intensity and frequency of media spots are appropriate to achieve adequate exposure, message recall, and influence infant and young child feeding behaviors.
Krascendo-170 Lung: A phase Ib/II study of divarasib + pembrolizumab ± platinum-based chemotherapy and pemetrexed in untreated KRAS G12C+advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Authors: Skoulidis Ferdinandos , Cuppens Kristof , Sacher Adrian G. , Velcheti Vamsidhar , Lee Dae Ho , Lin Mark T. , Fernando Tharu M. , Li Shuai , Bradley Denise , Zarak Crnkovic Martina , Mathisen Michael
Published: June 2024

TPS8651

Background: The KRAS G12C mutation, present in ~12% of NSCLC patients, drives oncogenic signaling and cancer formation and is associated with poor prognosis. The current first-line treatment for advanced KRAS G12C+ NSCLC is checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) ± chemotherapy (CT). Novel combinations using a more targeted, biomarker-directed approach are supported by pre-clinical evidence and may further improve outcomes. Divarasib is an oral KRAS G12C inhibitor with potent pre-clinical and clinical anti-tumor activity. We hypothesize that divarasib + CPI ± CT may improve outcomes for patients with KRAS G12C+ NSCLC. Methods: Krascendo-170 Lung (NCT05789082) is a phase Ib/II, open-label study evaluating the safety and activity of divarasib + pembrolizumab in patients with PD-L1 tumor cell expression ≥1% (Cohort A) and of divarasib + pembrolizumab with platinum-based CT and pemetrexed in patients with any PD-L1 tumor cell expression level (Cohort B). Patients must be ≥18 years old with untreated unresectable/metastatic non-squamous NSCLC (measurable per RECIST v1.1), a confirmed KRASG12C mutation, and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0/1. Each cohort will have two stages: divarasib combination dose finding and dose expansion, with two planned dose levels of divarasib (Table). Tumor assessments will be performed at baseline and every 6 weeks for 48 weeks, then every 9 weeks thereafter. Plasma samples will be taken at various timepoints before and after divarasib and pembrolizumab dosing to characterize pharmacokinetics. Patients will be treated until disease progression per RECIST v1.1 or unacceptable toxicity. The co-primary endpoints are adverse events and change from baseline in targeted safety parameters. Key secondary endpoints include objective response rate, progression-free survival and duration of response (all investigator assessed per RECIST v1.1). Enrollment into the combination dose finding stage of Cohort A has been completed without dose-limiting toxicities and enrollment into the dose expansion stage is continuing. Clinical trial information: NCT05789082 . [Table: see text]
Improved Oral Health in Adults With X-Linked Hypophosphatemia Treated With Burosumab
Authors: Hervé Agathe , Gadion Margaux , Herrou Julia , Izart Mathieu , Linglart Agnès , Cohen-Solal Martine , Lecoq Anne-Lise , Kamenicky Peter , Briot Karine , Chaussain Catherine , Biosse Duplan Martin
Published: June 2024

Context

X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a rare genetic bone disease affecting both children and adults, with oral manifestations such as spontaneous dental infections. The main treatments for XLH are conventional treatment (CT) with oral phosphate salts and active vitamin D supplementation and burosumab, an antibody targeting fibroblast growth factor 23. While the beneficial effect of CT on oral manifestations is established, the effect of burosumab on oral health is unknown, especially in adults.

Objective

We aimed to compare the oral health (number of missing or endodontically treated teeth and presence of periodontal disease) and incidence of endodontic infections of adult patients with XLH according to their treatment's modalities (no treatment, CT, or burosumab).

Methods

This was achieved through a single-center, retrospective analysis of oral health data from 44 patients who had undergone dental monitoring for at least 6 months.

Results

Oral health varied according to the proportion of their adult life spent under treatment for XLH, and the incidence of dental infections during follow-up was influenced by the type of treatment received. There was a 55.9% reduction of infections during CT and an 86.4% reduction during burosumab treatment compared to periods with no treatment (P < .0001). Comparing treatment and nontreatment periods within the same patient showed a strong association between burosumab treatment and decreased infection incidence (.006 vs .09 infection per month, P < .01).

Conclusion

We observed that adults with XLH treated with burosumab developed fewer endodontic infections during dental follow-up than patients who were untreated or received CT.
SGIP1 binding to the α-helical H9 domain of cannabinoid receptor 1 promotes axonal surface expression
Authors: Fletcher-Jones Alexandra , Spackman Ellen , Craig Tim J. , Nakamura Yasuko , Wilkinson Kevin A. , Henley Jeremy M.
Published: June 2024

Endocannabinoid signalling mediated by cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R, also known as CNR1) is critical for homeostatic neuromodulation of both excitatory and inhibitory synapses. This requires highly polarised axonal surface expression of CB1R, but how this is achieved remains unclear. We previously reported that the α-helical H9 domain in the intracellular C terminus of CB1R contributes to axonal surface expression by an unknown mechanism. Here, we show in rat primary neuronal cultures that the H9 domain binds to the endocytic adaptor protein SGIP1 to promote CB1R expression in the axonal membrane. Overexpression of SGIP1 increases CB1R axonal surface localisation but has no effect on CB1R lacking the H9 domain (CB1RΔH9). Conversely, SGIP1 knockdown reduces axonal surface expression of CB1R but does not affect CB1RΔH9. Furthermore, SGIP1 knockdown diminishes CB1R-mediated inhibition of presynaptic Ca2+ influx in response to neuronal activity. Taken together, these data advance mechanistic understanding of endocannabinoid signalling by demonstrating that SGIP1 interaction with the H9 domain underpins axonal CB1R surface expression to regulate presynaptic responsiveness.
Risk Factors for Recurrence After Surgery for Rectal Cancer in a Modern, Nationwide Population-Based Cohort
Authors: Doroudian Sepehr , Osterman Erik , Glimelius Bengt
Published: June 2024

Background

The success of modern multimodal treatment in rectal cancer is dependent on risk prediction. Better knowledge of the risk of locoregional and distant recurrence, in relation to preoperative treatment, pathological stage, and commonly used risk factors, is needed when deciding on adjuvant therapy and surveillance.

Methods

The Swedish ColoRectal Cancer Registry was used to identify patients diagnosed with rectal adenocarcinoma between 2011 and 2018. Readily available variables, including patient, tumor, and treatment factors were exposures. Cox proportional hazard models were used to identify important risk factors for recurrence and calculate recurrence risks.

Results

A total of 9428 curatively resected patients were included and followed for a median of 72 months. Eighteen percent had distal recurrence and 3% had locoregional recurrence at 5 years. Risk factors with major impact on distal recurrence were pT4a (hazard ratio [HR] 5.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.3–8.0), pN2b (HR 3.4, 95% CI 2.7–4.2), tumor deposit (HR 1.7, 95% CI 1.5–1.9), lymph node yield (HR 1.5, 95% CI 1.3–1.8), and tumor level 0–5 cm (HR 1.5, 95% CI 1.3–1.8). Pathologic stage and number of risk factors identified groups with markedly different recurrence risks in all neoadjuvant treatment groups.

Conclusions

Readily available risk factors, as a complement to stage, are still valid and robust in all neoadjuvant treatment groups. Tumor deposit is important, while circumferential resection margin might no longer be important with improved oncological treatments and high-quality TME surgery. Tailored surveillance is possible in selected groups using risk stratification based on stage and risk factors.
Organization of Extracurricular Activities in Primary School As a Condition for Eliminating Difficulties in Learning Mathematic
Authors: Denisova T. , Samoylova E. , Rubanova O.
Published: June 2024

The article analyzes the causes of difficulties in younger schoolchildren when studying mathematics, and examines the role of extracurricular activities in eliminating them. The impact of children’s joint group work on improving their mathematical skills, developing communication skills and mutual assistance is assessed. Examples of the organization of extracurricular mathematics classes and the forms of their implementation are given.
Symptoms and prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in the population of cancer and hospice patients-what is known?
Authors: Składanek Justyna , Leśkiewicz Michał , Daniel Piotr , Otręba Karina , Cieszkowska Joanna , Czupryńska Karolina
Published: June 2024

In a group of palliative patients, venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant cause of death and reduction in quality of life. Current guidelines and scientific research on thromboprophylaxis most often refer to the population of oncology patients, who differ in many aspects from patients receiving palliative care. Thus, doctors working with patients undergoing palliative treatment have to face many problems related to safety and effectiveness of antithrombotic therapy in this type of care.
In the case of chronically ill patients, diagnostic process  may be somewhat difficult because the symptoms resulting from the underlying diseases can mask VTE symptoms. The aim of this article is to  review the literature on symptoms and thromboprophylaxis in this group of patients.
According to the latest guidelines of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), it is not recommended to use VTE prophylaxis in outpatient oncology patients routinely, but it should be considered in high-risk patients who received a Khorana score of at least 2 before starting a new chemotherapy cycle.
In patients diagnosed with VTE, in long-term prophylaxis lasting at least 6 months, due to greater effectiveness, it is recommended to use low-molecular-weight heparins, edoxaban, rivaroxaban or apixaban instead of vitamin K antagonists, which can be used if the previously mentioned drugs are unavailable. There are some studies which show that thromboprophylaxis may be beneficial for patients in palliative care. On the other hand, another studies’ results suggest that patients won’t gain any benefit from prevention.
As our article shows it is very crucial to conduct scientific research on palliative patients and create clear guidelines for prophylaxis for this group of  people.
Diagnosis and treatment of migraine: an analysis of the latest diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines
Authors: Cieszkowska Joanna , Otręba Karina , Czupryńska Karolina , Daniel Piotr , Leśkiewicz Michał , Składanek Justyna Aleksandra
Published: June 2024

Introduction
Migraine is a common disease that a large part of the population struggles with. Stressful work and poor eating habits increase the risk of headaches. The basic therapy is lifestyle change, and when this does not bring results, medications are used. The choice of the appropriate preparation depends on the characteristics of the pain and the patient's condition. Knowledge about different treatment methods can improve patients' lives.
Aim of the study
The aim of the article was to present current guidelines for migraine therapy depending on the individual patient's requirements.
Materials and methods
The article is the result of a review of recent scientific literature using PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases. The literature was reviewed using the keywords.
Results
Many clinical trials have examined the effects of different classes of drugs on migraine headaches. The final effect depends on the dose used, the moment of drug administration, and the patient's age, gender and health condition. Doctors often have to modify therapy within the same group of drugs to find a drug that will work for a given patient.
Conclusions
Clinical trials have proven the effectiveness of, among others, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, triptans and botulinum neurotoxin. A clinically significant analgesic effect is sometimes characterized by side effects, therefore careful selection of the preparation and patient observation are important.
Polifonía y oralidad: el discurso referido en la entrevista sociolingüística en español
Authors: Gallucci María José
Published: June 2024

El discurso referido constituye un mecanismo lingüístico a través del cual reproducimos enunciados que corresponden a una o a varias voces que se evocan y se reconstruyen en un nuevo contexto de enunciación. Aunque no todas las lenguas cuentan con el mismo repertorio de citas o marcos introductores, se trata de un universal del lenguaje. En esta monografía se analiza el funcionamiento de los procedimientos de cita en español como manifestación de la polifonía en un contexto particular: la entrevista sociolingüística. A partir del estudio de muestras de habla del corpus PRESEEA - Caracas, se propone un modelo de análisis del discurso referido como categoría lingüística organizada en torno a un continuum. La tipología escalar propuesta incluye desde la reproducción de citas tradicionalmente definidas como "literales" hasta la referencia general a otros actos de comunicación y, dada su amplitud, es aplicable al análisis de otros géneros orales en español.
Chemical composition and biopesticide efficacy of the essential oil obtained by co-distillation of Cymbopogon citratus and Mentha piperita from Western Burkina Faso
Authors: Nebie Bily , Dabire Constantin Maniénou , Bonzi Schemaeza , Soma Dieudonné Dolima , Bationo Remy K. , Sosso Siaka , Namoutougou Moussa , Nebié Roger C.H. , Somda Irenée , Palé Eloi , Dabiré Roch Kounbobr , Duez Pierre
Published: June 2024

Essential oils (EO) of Mentha piperita L. and Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf is a potential source of molecules with bioparasiticidal activity. The development of optimized combinations of these natural substances would allow them to be used as biopesticides. Thus, the objective of this study is to determine the biopesticide efficacy of EO obtained by co-distillation of these two plants from western Burkina Faso. GC/MS analyses show that the EO obtained by co-distillation of the dry leaves of C. citratus and M. piperita (CC/MP: 80/20) contains mainly citral (49.26%), β-myrcene (10.98%), menthol (5.90%) and menthone (4.50%). The EO of C. citratus contains mainly citral (74.32%) and β-myrcene (13.66%) while that of M. piperita contains mainly menthol (37.4%), menthyl acetate (17.4%), menthone (12.7%), limonene (6.9%), menthofuran (6.8%) and 1,8-cineole (5.6%). All major constituents of the two pure EOs were identified in the component of their mixture (CC/MP*: 80/20), but at lower levels. All EOs inhibited 100% of the mycelial growth of Macrophomina phaseolina and Phoma sorghina at doses of 0.6 and 0.2%. At the lowest dose tested (0.05%), inhibition rates were 49.63; 39.52 ; 39.52% and 26.33% on M. phaseolina; 41.13 ; 40.90 ; 19.67% and 21.50% on P. sorghina for EO/CC/MP, C. citratus, M. piperita and CC/MP*, respectively. All EOs, with the exception of M. piperita, resulted in 100% mortality of the susceptible strain of Anopheles gambiae at a dose of 1%. However, at the same dose, on the resistant strain, the mortality rates were 21.11; 2.47 ; 8.56% and 3.33% for EO, CC/MP, C. citratus, M. piperita and CC/MP*, respectively. This study shows that the co-distillation of C. citratus and M. piperita improves the biopesticide efficacy of their EOs.

Keywords: C. citratus; M. piperita; co-distillation; essential oil; Efficacy of biopesticides
Metagoverning collaborative networks: a cumulative power perspective
Authors: Chen Alexander L.Q. , Hustad Oda
Published: June 2024

Collaborative networks are gaining momentum in research and practice as a tool to solve complex problems and create public value. While being characterised as self-regulating and relatively autonomous, collaborative networks have been widely recognised to need metagovernance to drive their collaborative process forward. However, limited attention has been paid to how metagovernors exercise power without undermining the capacity of collaborative networks to solve collective problems. To contribute to this knowledge gap, we develop a new theoretical framework based on a cumulative power perspective in the context of the metagovernance of collaborative networks. We outline three modalities of metagovernance (output, input and process) through which metagovernors can exercise power by structurally privileging either their own interests or those on whose behalf they metagovern. We apply the theoretical framework to a Danish case study of collaborative networks in sustainable housing. Through this case, we showcase the repressive and constructive features of power in the metagovernance of collaborative networks. A key research finding is that metagovernors can improve their awareness of how to balance constructively and repressively exercising and distributing power in collaborative networks by understanding the power dynamics entangled in the different modalities of metagovernance.
Caring for people with non-communicable diseases: the views and experiences of health and social care professionals in Uganda
Authors: Montgomery Lorna , McShane Charlene M. , Santin Olinda , Nakaggwa Florence , Agaba Peninah , Apio Judith , Kawooya Angela Namwanje , Komuhangi Alimah , Jenkins Christopher , MacDonald Mandi , Githinji Florence , Misinde Cyprian , Nanyonga Rose Clarke
Published: June 2024

Resource-limited health systems in sub-Saharan Africa struggle to provide population-wide high-quality primary healthcare, with particular concerns relating to professional workforce issues and the role of family caregivers. This qualitative study design explores the perceptions of (n = 19) health and social care professionals of the challenges they face in caring for individuals living with non-communicable diseases in Uganda. Identified challenges resulted from staffing and resource limitations, with wider issues relating to poverty and the burden placed on carers. As non-communicable diseases continue to rise, these empirical findings can inform developments in policy and service delivery in low and middle-income country contexts.
‘Should we even have questions?’ From survey to exhibition – co-producing research about ‘mental health’ with carers and adults with learning disabilities
Authors: Runswick-Cole Katherine , Smith Martina , Ryan Sara , Hatton Christopher
Published: June 2024

Carers’ mental health is often the focus of policy and research in Global North contexts. Research exploring carers’ views often uses survey methods to collect information about their experiences and views of services and support. However, the experiences of adult carers of adults with learning disabilities have often been marginalised within these domains. Here, we report on how, working together with family carers, we disrupted survey methods and generated new insights into what matters to family carers when sharing their experiences of care, mental health, services and support, as well as the crucial role of co-production in this research.
Contesting the service model of ‘care’ in disabling capitalism: a Disability Politics perspective
Authors: Chis Ioana Cerasella
Published: June 2024

Mainstream feminist perspectives on social reproduction often portray non-disabled women as active providers of a service (care) to those assumed to be its passive, agency-less recipients. In response, this article accounts for social reproduction as a key factor in the reproduction of disabling capitalist social relations and argues for an understanding of social reproduction that no longer obscures the contributions of those considered to be ‘cared for’. Alternatives to what is termed here ‘the service model of care’ can be established through mobilising and organising for In(ter)dependent Living through an anti-productivist politics whose social relations prefigure alternatives against and beyond disabling capitalism.
Variability, overlap, and cue trading in intonation
Authors: Arvaniti Amalia , Katsika Argyro , Hu Na
Published: June 2024

Abstract: We modeled the Greek H*, L+H*, and H*+L pitch accents using functional principal component analysis, followed by statistical modeling and curve reconstruction. The accents were distinguished by F0 height and shape. The data also exhibited cue trading between F0 and duration, as well as systematic context-driven variation and general variability, which led to category overlap comparable to that reported for vowel contrasts. These findings indicate that intonation categories are more similar to segmental categories than previously thought, supporting the view that the study of intonation phonetics and phonology should follow the same principles as the study of segments.
Weakly guiding approximation of a three-dimensional waveguide model for extreme ultraviolet lithography simulation
Authors: Tanabe Hiroyoshi , Jinguji Akira , Takahashi Atsushi
Published: June 2024

A three-dimensional (3D) waveguide model is applied in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography simulations. The 3D waveguide model is equivalent to rigorous coupled-wave analysis, but fewer field components are used to solve Maxwell’s equations. The 3D waveguide model uses two components of vector potential, A
x
and A
y
, corresponding to the two polarizations. The electric field of the A
x
polarization is approximately parallel to the x axis, and the electric field of the A
y
polarization is approximately parallel to the y axis. The 3D waveguide model solves a coupled vector wave equation for two polarizations. The refractive index of conventional EUV absorbers is close to that of vacuum. The weakly guiding approximation in optical fiber theory is applied to the 3D waveguide model. The coupled vector wave equations for the two polarizations are decoupled into two independent scalar wave equations. Maxwell’s equations are simplified to a set of scalar wave equations. The weakly guiding approximation reduces the computation time to solve the equations. The computation time required to solve the weakly guiding approximation is about 1/5 of the time to solve the original 3D waveguide model.
Sensitivity of a vector atomic magnetometer based on electromagnetically induced transparency
Authors: Gonzalez Maldonado Mario , Rollins Owen , Toyryla Alex , McKelvy James A. , Matsko Andrey , Fan Isaac , Li Yang , Wang Ying-Ju , Kitching John , Novikova Irina , Mikhailov Eugeniy E.
Published: June 2024

We present a realization of a magnetic sensor based on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonances observed in hot Rb vapor using lin∥lin polarized dichromatic light and evaluate scalar and vector capabilities of the sensor for measuring Earth-like magnetic fields. We demonstrate scalar measurement sensitivity of 2pT/Hz in the 1–100 Hz spectral frequency band using a ~1 cm3 Rb vapor cell, significantly improving the performance for such a configuration if compared with earlier measurements of large magnetic fields. By using a single linearly polarized dichromatic optical field, we are also able to determine the direction of the magnetic field with respect to the light propagation direction and polarization, taking advantage of the symmetries of the interaction scheme. We accomplish that by combining the polarization-sensitive transmission measurements and sparse sensing machine learning techniques. A path for further improvement of the sensitivity and elimination of systematic effects, such as heading errors, is discussed.
Helical-sampled fiber Bragg grating inscribed by a femtosecond laser in a ring core fiber
Authors: Jiang Yajun , Sun Binchuan , Bing Qinghao , Zhou Feng , Pan Kangwei , Su Yuhui , Shen Li , Gao Jiaxin , Yang Dexing
Published: June 2024

The inscription of a helical-sampled fiber Bragg grating (HSFBG) in a ring core fiber (RCF) using a low repetition rate femtosecond laser point-by-point technique is demonstrated. The reflection spectrum exhibits several peak groups attributed to the helical-sampled structure, with the wavelength interval between different groups determined by the helical pitch. Meanwhile, the number and spacing of the peaks within each group are dictated by the RCF. An investigation into the effects of helical pitch, helical radius, and grating length of the HSFBG on the reflection spectra is conducted. Furthermore, thermal annealing experiments demonstrate that this HSFBG can survive at the temperatures up to 800°C.
Temperature dependence of the diffraction efficiency of circular polarization gratings made by liquid crystal molecules with anisotropic absorption
Authors: Suzuki Masato , Ohara Sora , Sakamoto Moritsugu , Noda Kohei , Sasaki Tomoyuki , Kawatsuki Nobuhiro , Ono Hiroshi
Published: June 2024

Since liquid crystal molecules exhibit anisotropic absorption in the infrared region, there is concern about changes in the diffraction properties of polarization gratings (PGs) made of liquid crystals. In this study, we investigated the theory of the diffraction efficiency of the circular PGs with circularly polarized diffraction characteristics when they have anisotropic absorption. We found that the separation function of the circularly polarized light was maintained even in the presence of anisotropic absorption. The usefulness of this theory was discussed with experimental results of the temperature dependence of the diffraction efficiency of a circular PG at 10.2 μm.
Efficient Multilayer Near-Infrared Microbottle Laser Pumped by a 532 nm Nanosecond Laser
Authors: Parsanasab gholam-mohammad , Sorayaie Parvin , Kolahdouz Mohammadreza , tehrani zahra , Hajshahvaladi Leila , Abbasi Media , Batoomchi Farzad
Published: June 2024

This paper presents an investigation into organic near-infrared (Near-IR) laser materials for microcavity lasers. Near-IR microcavity lasers offer diverse applications, particularly in the field of biophotonics. The research employs Nile-Blue and Rhodamine B doped in SU-8 as the laser-active materials. While the Nile-Blue dye demonstrates lasing around a 750 nm wavelength, achieving optimal absorption with a nanosecond pump in the 550-650 nm range poses a challenge. Conversely, readily available pump sources such as Nd:YAG lasers operating at 532 nm are preferred. To address this challenge, we have both simulated and experimentally explored various configurations, including Nile-Blue:SU-8 lasers, combined Nile-Blue and Rhodamine B lasers in SU-8, and multilayer lasers incorporating these dyes. The outcome of this study is the development of an optimized microlaser structure.
Predictability: A new distinguishing feature of cancer?
Authors: Gofrit Ofer N. , Aviv Ariel
Published: June 2024

Cancer is a consequence of stochastic (mutations, genetic, and epigenetic instabilities) and deterministic (evolutionary bottlenecks) events. Stochastic events are less amenable to prediction, whereas deterministic events yield more predictable results. The relative contribution of these opposing forces determines cancer predictability, which affects the accuracy of our prognostic predictions and is critical for treatment planning. In this study, we attempted to quantify predictability. The predictability index (PI) was defined as the median overall-survival at any time point divided by the standard error at that time. Using data obtained from the SEER program, we found striking differences in the PI of different tumors. Highly predictable tumors were malignancies of the breast, thyroid, prostate, and testis (5-year PI of 3516, 1920, 1919, and 1805, respectively). Less predictable tumors were colorectal, melanoma, and bladder (5-year PI of 1264, 1197, and 760, respectively). Least predictable were pancreatic cancer and chronic myelogenous leukemia (5-year PI of 129, and 42). PI decreased during follow-up in all examined tumors and showed sex differences in some cases. Thyroid cancer was significantly more predictable in women (5-year PI of 2579 vs. 748, p = 0.00017) and bladder cancer more predictable in men (5-year PI of 723 vs. 385, p = 0.012), Predictability is a potentially new distinguishing feature of malignancy. This study sheds light on prognostic accuracy and provides insight into the relative roles of stochastic and deterministic forces during carcinogenesis.
Assessment of quality of antenatal care services and associated factors in Malawi: Insights from a nationwide household survey
Authors: Mandiwa Chrispin , Namondwe Bernadetta
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Provision of quality antenatal care (ANC) to pregnant women is essential for reducing maternal and newborn mortality. ANC provides an opportunity for early identification of conditions that increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, there is limited evidence regarding the quality of ANC received by women in Malawi. This study aimed to assess the quality of ANC and associated factors in Malawi.

Materials and methods

National representative data from the 2019–2020 Malawi Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey was used for this cross–sectional study. A total of 6,287 weighted sample of women aged 15 to 49 years who had a live birth and received ANC at least once within two years preceding the survey were included in the analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to estimate the magnitude of quality ANC and multivariable logistic regression was computed to identify associated factors.

Results

Of the 6,287 women, only 12.6% (95% CI: 11.4–13.9) received quality ANC. The likelihood of receiving quality ANC was significantly higher among women who had four to seven ANC contacts (AOR = 2.10; 95% CI: 1.79–2.49), made at least eight ANC contacts (AOR  =  3.40; 95% CI: 1.90–6.09) and started ANC within the first trimester (AOR  =  1.30; 95% CI: 1.10–1.53). On the other hand, women who had only primary education (AOR = 0.62; 95% CI:0.48–0.82) and had five or more births (AOR  =  0.56; 95% CI: 0.40–0.78) were less likely to receive quality ANC.

Conclusion

The findings reveal that quality of ANC in Malawi is low. These findings suggest the need for targeted interventions aimed at improving access to and utilization of ANC services among women with lower education and higher parity. Strengthening efforts to promote early ANC initiation and increasing the number of ANC contacts could significantly enhance the quality of ANC received by women in Malawi.
This Circle is a Mercle
Authors: Tidgwell Tracy , Mitchell Allyson , Logue Deirdre
Published: June 2024

“This Circle is a Mercle” explores the creation of a meadow-sized pentacle terra form artwork conceived by Tracy Tidgwell, Deirdre Logue, and Allyson Mitchell. Originating from a chant at a gathering of queer witches, the term “mercle” symbolizes the miraculous nature of communal connection. The pentacle seeks to reclaim the extraordinary as an accessible, intimate, reflexive, shared experience. It offers pathways and gestures of reconciliation with the land, each other, and our histories of and presence with colonization. The pentacle invites participants into a walking meditation through themes: love, connection, grief, accountability, and healing. Documented through photos and image descriptions, “This Circle is a Mercle” extends its transformative potential beyond its physical form, fostering connections across time and place and embodying principles of accessibility and care.
La escuela de Castrillo de Valdelomar en Valderredible
Authors: Pérez Quevedo Rosa
Published: June 2024

En Valderredible, la educación primaria en el siglo XVIII era escasa, con algunas escuelas benéficas, pero la Constitución de 1812 y la Ley de Instrucción Primaria de 1838 intentaron ampliarla. Aunque se mejoró la alfabetización desde 1912, el trabajo infantil y la idiosincrasia rural limitaron la asistencia. Durante la Dictadura de Primo de Ribera se crearon trece escuelas, pero la red republicana se redujo drásticamente en Valderredible. La musealización de la antigua escuela de Castrillo de Valdelomar destaca la importancia de la educación rural, honrando la labor de maestros y comunidad. La recreación de un aula antigua y la exhibición de objetos transmiten la importancia de la educación en el desarrollo comunitario a las generaciones presentes y futuras.
Una propuesta de diseño de museo escolar para la educación secundaria
Authors: Bautista Baños Toni
Published: June 2024

Se presenta una propuesta de creación de un museo escolar en un centro educativo como recurso permanente para la enseñanza-aprendizaje en la educación secundaria, que utilice los objetos como base para una educación más crítica aprovechando su carácter transversal, y además, que suponga una oportunidad de aprendizaje constante que involucre toda la comunidad educativa desde el proceso de su creación hasta las tareas de dinamización.
"Una mirada al patrimoni": una acción educativa en el museo
Authors: Ponsoda López de Atalaya Santiago , Lucas Palacios Laura
Published: June 2024

El presente trabajo describe el diseño y la puesta en práctica de una situación de aprendizaje que tiene como objetivo principal educar en la puesta en valor y la salvaguarda del patrimonio inmaterial. Esta acción educativa se ha desarrollado dentro del “Projecte Serrella: Educació, Patrimoni i Comunitat a Castell de Castells”, coordinado por el grupo IGE de la Universidad de Alicante, el Ministerio de Cultura y el CIEP Serrella de Castell de Castells. A partir de un trabajo conjunto entre escuela, museo y comunidad, el alumnado participante elaboró una exposición para mostrar parte de su patrimonio personal y colectivo mediante la fotografía y la creación de podcasts
Universities and student mental health at the intersection of communication, representations, and stigma. An international comparative study.
Authors: Tilli Nicolas , Villar Maria Elena
Published: June 2024

This article analyzes communication and information regarding mental health in four public universities from four different countries, comparing the stigma towards mental health problems and its impact on the willingness to use university health services. It underscores the crucial challenge for universities to understand these complex issues and adapt their internal policies effectively. In this context, internal communication presents itself as a valuable tool to change negative representations, promote students' psychological well-being, encourage access to mental health services, and foster social integration and learning processes.
La tercera cosa. La música en la trasformación de El embrujo de Shanghái, de Juan Marsé, en La promesa de Shanghái, de Víctor Erice.
Authors: Lázaro López José Ángel
Published: June 2024

En 2001, el cineasta Víctor Erice publicó el guion de La promesa de Shanghái, adaptación cinematográfica de la novela El embrujo de Shanghái, de Juan Marsé. El presente artículo estudia las aportaciones y cambios sufridos por el texto literario en su transformación a texto fílmico, donde llama notablemente la atención la gran cantidad de piezas musicales que el segundo incorpora, ausentes en la obra literaria. A través del análisis de las estrategias de adaptación realizadas, y su confrontación con las técnicas más habituales en los procesos de adaptación literario-fílmicos, la investigación alcanza novedosas conclusiones respecto a la utilización del elemento musical en la transformación de materiales literarios en fílmicos.
De la amplitud a lo específico: la ruta de PoéticaSonoraMX y su repositorio digital
Authors: Meza Aurelio , González Aktories Susana
Published: June 2024

Este artículo ofrece una descripción y valoración retrospectivas del trabajo en los últimos años de PoéticaSonora MX, un proyecto consolidado de investigación-creación en estudios sobre la voz, la sonoridad y la palabra, conformado por docentes, estudiantes y egresados de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (Ciudad de México) y Concordia University (Montreal, Canadá). Asimismo, se presentan nuevas reflexiones críticas en torno al desarrollo y mantenimiento del Repositorio Digital en Audio. Tras la inauguración de su nuevo sitio y dominio a inicios de 2022, el proyecto ha entrado en una nueva fase de especialización en la que se esperan nuevos desafíos, tanto a nivel humano (formación profesional, ofertas laborales dentro y fuera la academia, recursos y condiciones para proyectos interdisciplinarios), como también la búsqueda de alternativas y la reformulación constante de objetivos, lo cual mantiene alerta, consciente y vivo a este tipo de proyectos.
IA en el aula: revolución en la educación
Authors: Travieso Teniente Sergio
Published: June 2024

Este artículo explora el impacto de ChatGPT y la inteligencia artificial en la educación, destacando tanto sus potenciales beneficios como sus limitaciones. Analiza cómo esta tecnología puede revolucionar la enseñanza, promoviendo el pensamiento crítico y personalizando el aprendizaje. Sin embargo, también aborda los riesgos y la importancia de un uso consciente y crítico, tanto para estudiantes como para educadores, en este entorno tecnológico en constante evolución.
The Effect of Psychological Biases on External Auditor’s Professional Skepticism
Authors: Jafar Rahim , Ali Al-Kake Farhad R. , Qader Hevi M. , Ahmed Dler M. , Mohammad Aram J.
Published: June 2024

Despite their professional recognition, auditors’ failure to exercise an appropriate level of skepticism continues to be a global issue. This study aimed to prove potential psychological barriers and traps that lead to biases and skeptical behaviors. We examined the potential existence of three psychological biases in auditors’ professional skepticism in particular overconfidence, anchoring, and availability. The application of professional skepticism is also necessary for effective auditor decision-making." Indeed, the foundation of sound auditor decision-making is the right application of professional skepticism throughout the judgment process. To conduct our research, we designed a questionnaire containing thirty questions. The questionnaires were distributed to 300 public and private auditing institutes. In total, we could rely on 158. It has been found out that the three psychological biases can affect auditors’ professional skepticism. The existence of overconfidence bias will lead auditors to believe that they are doing a better job of auditing than they truly are. Show how auditors' anchoring bias exists. This bias leads to improper adjustment of auditors’ expectations, especially numerical ones. When auditors do not adjust their assessments and estimates sufficiently, they cannot exercise an appropriate level of professional skepticism when they perform. The results also show that availability bias exists among auditors. There is a relationship between the three psychological biases and auditors’ professional skepticism.
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN PEMBERIAN MP-ASI DAN PERILAKU KELUARGA SADAR GIZI TERHADAP KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA ANAK USIA 6-24 BULAN DI PUSKESMAS POLOKARTO
Authors: Rohmandani Indah Dwi
Published: June 2024

Stunting can be seen from the condition where children experience impaired growth as a result of chronic nutritional problems. Several factors can cause stunting, including lack of knowledge of complementary feeding and nutrition awareness behavior. This study aims to determine the relationship of complementary feeding knowledge and nutrition awareness family behavior to the incidence of stunting in children aged 6-24 months at Polokarto Health Center. The research method used was observational analytic with a cross-sectional approach. The results of the knowledge study showed a p-value = 0.003, meaning that there was a relationship between knowledge of complementary feeding with the incidence of stunting in children aged 6-24 months at the Polokarto Health Center. The results of behavioral research showed a p-value = 0.001, which means that there is a relationship between nutrition-conscious family behavior and the incidence of stunting in children aged 6-24 months at Puskesmas Polokarto. In this study it can be concluded that there is a relationship between knowledge of complementary feeding and nutrition-conscious family behavior on the incidence of stunting in children aged 6-24 months at Puskesmas Polokarto.