bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Curricular Integration of the Pharmacist’s Patient Care Process (PPCP)
Authors: Chamoun Nibal , Nasser soumana C. , Kuyumjian Yara M. , Dimassi Hani
Published: July 2019

Background

The Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) standard 10 specifies the need to prepare students to provide patient-centered collaborative care through both the didactic and experiential pharmacy curriculum. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of a newly introduced PPCP based laboratory course on students’ perception of their preparedness to apply PPCP steps in introductory pharmacy practice experiences (IPPEs).

Methods

In spring of 2017, PPCP was introduced into the Pharmaceutical Care and Dispensing Laboratory course. Students’ self-perception of preparedness to apply PPCP was assessed via a survey composed of questions related to PPCP skillsets. The pre-PPCP laboratory cohort (control group) took the survey after the completion of their experiential rotations. The PPCP laboratory cohort (intervention group) took the same survey prior to taking the course, at the end of the course and then following the completion of their IPPEs. The Pearson’s and McNemar Chi-square tests were used for statistical analysis.

Results

The findings indicate that the PPCP based laboratory significantly improved students’ perception of their preparedness to apply a standardized pharmacist care process to verify prescriptions, to collect relevant patient information, and to develop an individual patient-centered care plans. This significant impact of the PPCP based laboratory course on students’ perception was maintained through the following year when assessed after IPPEs.

Conclusion

Introduction of the PPCP model within a dispensing laboratory course, prior to students’ IPPEs, develops students’ perception of preparedness. Incorporating PPCP via active learning and simulation narrows the gap between the didactic and experiential curriculum by establishing a bridge between understanding the concept of PPCP and readiness for applying it in practice experiences.
Implementation Study of a 5-component Pediatric Early Warning System (PEWS) in an Emergency Department in British Columbia, Canada, to inform provincial scale up
Authors: McElroy Theresa A , Swartz Erik N. , Hassani Kasra , Waibel Sina , Tuff Yasmin , Marshall Catherine , Chan Richard , Wensley David , O'Donnell Maureen
Published: August 2019

Background: The rapid identification of deterioration in the pediatric population is complex, particularly in the emergency department (ED). A comprehensive multi-faceted Pediatric Early Warning System (PEWS) might maximize early recognition of clinical deterioration and provide a structured process for the reassessment and escalation of care. The objective of the study was to evaluate the implementation fidelity, effectiveness and utility of a 5-component PEWS implemented in the ED of an urban public general hospital in British Columbia, Canada, to guide provincial scale up.
Methods: We used a before-and-after design to evaluate the implementation fidelity, effectiveness and utility of a 5-component PEWS (pediatric assessment flowsheet, PEWS score, situational awareness, escalation aid and communication framework). Sources of data included patient charts, surveys of direct care staff, and key-informant interviews. Data were analyzed using mixed-methods approaches.
Results: The majority of charts had documented PEWS scores at triage (80%) and first bedside assessment (81.2%) indicating that the intervention was implemented with high fidelity. The intervention was effective in increasing vital signs documentation, both at first beside assessment (84% increase) and throughout the ED stay (>100% increase), in improving staff’s self-perceived knowledge and confidence in providing pediatric care, and self-reported communication between staff. Satisfaction levels were high with the PEWS scoring system, flowsheet, escalation aid, and to a lesser extent with the situational awareness tool and communication framework. Reasons for dissatisfaction included increased paperwork and incidence of false-positives. Overall, the majority of providers indicated that implementation of the PEWS system and completing a PEWS score at triage alongside the Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale (CTAS) added value to pediatric care in the ED. Results also suggest that the intervention is aligned with current practice in the ED.
Identification of Suitable Sites for Artificial Groundwater Recharge Structures in Semi-arid region of Anantapur District: AHP Approach
Authors: M. Rajasekhar , G. Sudarsana Raju , U. Imran Basha , R. Siddi Raju , B. Pradeep Kumar , M. Ramachandra
Published: July 2019

The conservation and sustainable advancement of soil and water assets is one of the fundamental standards for improvement of arid and semi-arid regions of India. The present study is underway to evaluate the Artificial Groundwater Recharge Zones (AGRZ) in the semi-arid region of Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh, India using Remote Sensing (RS), Geographical Information System (GIS) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique. The comparative weights were assigned to different thematic layers with the help of the decision making tool of AHP. A set of eight thematic layers influence groundwater potential (GWP) is determined based on their corresponding weights, which depend on a Saaty’s 9 points scale. These weights are normalized using AHP technique to identify the AGRZs. Five AGRZs were recognized as very low, low, moderate, good and very good, depending on its suitability to identify the sites for groundwater recharge. About 4.29 % (8.96km2) and 17.70 % (36.95km2) area in the region show very good and good potentials of artificial groundwater recharge, respectively. On the other hand 61.59% (128.60km2), 11.94% (24.94km2) and 4.48 % (9.35km2) area showed moderate, poor and very poor potentials. Overall accuracy of AGRZ map is 82.05%. 92 check dams, 19 percolation tanks and 7 check walls were found suitable in the region. The effectiveness and prediction ability of the method depends on integrity of the criterion used. AHP based methodology can be useful for precise and reliable analysis and predictions of groundwater in semi-arid regions of India.
APRESENTAÃ‡ÃƒO
Authors: AcadÃªmico Editores Pensar
Published: July 2019

Revista da Faculdade de CiÃªncias Gerenciais de ManhuaÃ§u â€“ FACIG (ISSN 1808-6136). Pensar AcadÃªmico, ManhuaÃ§u, MG, v. 11, n. 2, Agosto-Dezembro, 2014.Â
MORTALIDADE POR CÃ‚NCER BUCAL E OROFARINGE NO BRASIL ENTRE 2002 E 2011
Authors: Fonseca EmÃ­lio Prado da , Fonseca Suelen Garcia Oliveira da , Milagres Clarice Santana , Lopes Alexandre Gomes
Published: July 2019

Para a OrganizaÃ§Ã£o Mundial de SaÃºde (OMS), o cÃ¢ncer de boca e orofaringe sÃ£o as neoplasias mais frequentes da cabeÃ§a e pescoÃ§o. No Brasil, estudos recentes demonstram um elevado nÃºmero de Ã³bitos por esses canceres. Neste sentido, conhecer a magnitude das prevalÃªncias, estratificaÃ§Ã£o por idade, gÃªnero e o padrÃ£o da mortalidade por cÃ¢ncer bucal no Brasil motivaram a realizaÃ§Ã£o da presente comunicaÃ§Ã£o. Objetivo: Investigar os Ã³bitos ocorridos por cÃ¢ncer bucal e orofaringe ocorrida no Brasil entre 2002 e 2011. Materiais e mÃ©todos: Trata-se um estudo observacional retrospectivo que utilizou como fonte de dados dos Ã³bitos o Sistema de InformaÃ§Ã£o sobre Mortalidade (SIM) atravÃ©s do sÃ­tio eletrÃ´nico do DATASUS. As variÃ¡veis utilizadas para a estatÃ­stica descritiva foram gÃªnero, cor/raÃ§a, faixa etÃ¡ria, escolaridade, local de ocorrÃªncia, estado civil e causa bÃ¡sica de morte o cÃ¢ncer de boca e orofaringe (Categoria C00 a C14). Foram calculadas as taxas de Ã³bitos entre 2002 e 2011 para analisar a tendÃªncia da mortalidade. Para avaliar o nÃ­vel de saÃºde serÃ¡ construÃ­da a curva de mortalidade e a razÃ£o de mortalidade proporcional (RMP) ou indicador de Swaroop e Uemura. Resultados: No perÃ­odo ocorreram 60.132 Ã³bitos por cÃ¢ncer de boca e orofaringe. Predominante em homens, brancos, 50 anos ou mais, baixa escolaridade, casado e cujo Ã³bito ocorreu em ambiente hospitalar. A RMP encontrada para a idade foi de 81,68% (1Âº nÃ­vel). Houve tendÃªncia de crescimento da taxa de mortalidade para as categorias C01(Base da lÃ­ngua), C10 (Orofaringe) e para o somatÃ³rio das categorias C00 a C14. As demais permaneceram estÃ¡veis para o perÃ­odo estudado. ConclusÃ£o: Houve crescimento na taxa de Ã³bitos por cÃ¢ncer de boca e orofaringe no entre 2002 e 2011. Apesar do Ã­ndice e indicador de mortalidade proporcional apontar para nÃ­vel de saÃºde elevado para o paÃ­s.
ESTRATÃ‰GIA DE SAÃšDE DA FAMÃLIA E ATENÃ‡ÃƒO PRIMÃRIA A SAÃšDE DE QUEM ESTÃ TRABALHANDO
Authors: Milagres Clarice Santana , Lodi Jucilene Casati , Cardoso Juliana Aparecida Fialho
Published: July 2019

Este trabalho enfoca as mudanÃ§as ocorridas na implementaÃ§Ã£o das polÃ­ticas de saÃºde do atual sistema apresentado no Brasil, o SUS, bem como a atenÃ§Ã£o que Ã© dada Ã queles trabalhadores que estÃ£o em seus processos de trabalho, quando o mesmo passa a maior parte do tempo Ãºtil diÃ¡rio em um expediente de trabalho contÃ­nuo. Objetivo: avaliar o atendimento prestado pela Unidade de SaÃºde da FamÃ­lia (USF) Ã  populaÃ§Ã£o que trabalha em uma empresa da cidade de VitÃ³ria â€“ ES. Materiais e MÃ©todos: trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva exploratÃ³ria, com abordagem qualiquantitativa, realizada numa empresa de mÃ©dio porte na cidade de VitÃ³ria. Para a anÃ¡lise descritiva, foram utilizadas as variÃ¡veis: utilizaÃ§Ã£o dos serviÃ§os de saÃºde, presenÃ§a de EstratÃ©gia de SaÃºde da FamÃ­lia no bairro de moradia, conhecimento do seu funcionamento, dificuldade de acesso. Resultados: dos participantes da pesquisa, 79,6% nÃ£o sÃ£o atendidos pela estratÃ©gia, destes 53,2% nÃ£o sabem da existÃªncia da unidade de saÃºde da famÃ­lia e 46,8% jÃ¡ ouviram falar, mas nÃ£o sabem como funciona, porque o horÃ¡rio de atendimento da unidade coincide com o seu horÃ¡rio de trabalho, dificultando o acesso. JÃ¡ 20,4% utilizam a unidade esporadicamente por possuÃ­rem plano de saÃºde. Quanto ao grau de satisfaÃ§Ã£o, 49% estÃ£o satisfeitos com o atendimento recebido na unidade e 35% estÃ£o insatisfeitos. ConclusÃ£o: hÃ¡ necessidade de se frisar a importÃ¢ncia de informaÃ§Ãµes e educaÃ§Ã£o em saÃºde Ã  populaÃ§Ã£o e melhoria na oferta de serviÃ§os do mesmo. Uma grande preocupaÃ§Ã£o nos achados da pesquisa foi a identificaÃ§Ã£o de pessoas que ainda desconhecem a existÃªncia da unidade de saÃºde da famÃ­lia, procurando outro tipo de assistÃªncia que supra suas necessidades de saÃºde e que ofereÃ§a atendimento apÃ³s o horÃ¡rio comercial.
EDUCAÃ‡ÃƒO AMBIENTAL COMO SUPORTE PARA A CONSCIENTIZAÃ‡ÃƒO DE CRIANÃ‡AS SOBRE A COLETA SELETIVA: UM EXEMPLO PRÃTICO EM UMA ESCOLA DE MUTUM, MG.
Authors: BrandÃ£o Jeane de FÃ¡tima Cunha , Barbosa Sara CÃ¢ndida , BrandÃ£o Isac Jonatas
Published: July 2019

O trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a importÃ¢ncia da EducaÃ§Ã£o ambiental na conscientizaÃ§Ã£o de crianÃ§as do terceiro ano do ensino fundamental sobre a coleta seletiva. A pesquisa foi realizada em uma escola de Mutum, MG para uma amostra de 40 alunos. Aplicou-se um jogo sobre coleta seletiva para crianÃ§as com idades de oito (grupo um) e nove anos (grupo dois), em dois momentos distintos. Para realizaÃ§Ã£o do jogo, foram distribuÃ­das cinco lixeiras com cores diferentes e 50 figuras de resÃ­duos no pÃ¡tio da escola. Logo apÃ³s, as crianÃ§as foram orientadas a descartar os resÃ­duos nas lixeiras. Na primeira aplicaÃ§Ã£o do jogo, os alunos tiveram apenas uma orientaÃ§Ã£o bÃ¡sica sobre como descartar os resÃ­duos nas lixeiras, obedecendo Ã s cores da coleta seletiva. ApÃ³s a conscientizaÃ§Ã£o dos alunos com textos informativos sobre coleta seletiva, o jogo foi reaplicado. Os alunos do grupo dois (9 anos) obtiveram um maior Ã­ndice de acerto nas duas aplicaÃ§Ãµes do jogo, comparando-se com o grupo um (8 anos). Mas, ambos os grupos aumentaram significativamente o Ã­ndice de acerto na reaplicaÃ§Ã£o, o que mostra a importÃ¢ncia da educaÃ§Ã£o ambiental na escola.
ACESSIBILIDADE E RESOLUTIVIDADE DOS SERVIÃ‡OS DE SAÃšDE: PERSPECTIVAS DE USUÃRIOS E PROFISSIONAIS.
Authors: Santos Tatiana Vasques Camelo dos , Penna ClÃ¡udia Maria de Mattos
Published: July 2019

Estudo de caso qualitativo fundamentado na Sociologia Compreensiva do Cotidiano, realizado em 3 unidades de ESF e no UPA no municÃ­pio de ManhuaÃ§u â€“ MG, com o objetivo de compreender, na percepÃ§Ã£o de usuÃ¡rios e profissionais, a resolutividade das aÃ§Ãµes desenvolvidas no Ã¢mbito dos serviÃ§os de saÃºde. Para tanto, foram realizadas entrevistas com 20 profissionais e 17 usuÃ¡rios. Os dados foram submetidos Ã  anÃ¡lise de conteÃºdo. As questÃµes de baixa resolutividade estÃ£o ligadas Ã  acessibilidade organizacional. JÃ¡ na percepÃ§Ã£o dos usuÃ¡rios, o serviÃ§o resolutivo Ã© o produto do encontro entre as demandas por ele sentidas, a oferta de serviÃ§os e o tempo gasto para que sua necessidade seja atendida. PorÃ©m, se a demanda apresentada pelo usuÃ¡rio nÃ£o encontrar a oferta adequada de serviÃ§os (tecnologias, pacote de serviÃ§os demorados ou inoportunos), as aÃ§Ãµes nÃ£o o serÃ£o.
PREVALÃŠNCIA DE CANDIDÃASE VULVOVAGINAL EM MULHERES DA REGIÃƒO DA BAIXADA FLUMINENSE, ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO, BRASIL
Authors: Norberg Antonio Neres , Santa Helena AluÃ­zio Antonio de , Madeira-Oliveira JosÃ© Tadeu , Sanches Fabiano Guerra , Ribeiro Paulo CÃ©sar , Machado Alex Nagem , Freire Nicolau MauÃ©s Serra
Published: July 2019

Objetivo: Investigar a prevalÃªncia de infecÃ§Ã£o por espÃ©cies do gÃªnero Candida em mulheres com sintomas e sinais clÃ­nicos de vulvovaginites e encaminhar as positivas para o tratamento especÃ­fico. Pacientes e mÃ©todos: Entre janeiro de 2010 e dezembro de 2012, foram coletadas amostras cÃ©rvico-vaginais de 480 mulheres com o auxÃ­lio de suabes. Foram semeadas em meio de cultura Sabouraud-Dextrose-Ãgar e incubadas a temperatura de 37oC por atÃ© cinco dias. As amostras com crescimento fÃºngico foram identificadas por caracteres morfotintoriais e provas bioquÃ­micas pelo sistema BioMerieux-Vitek. Resultados: Foram identificadas infecÃ§Ãµes por trÃªs espÃ©cies de fungos: Candida albicans (89.04%), C. krusei (4,11%) e C. tropicalis (6,85%). Houve dominÃ¢ncia significativa de C. albicans em todas as quatro classes de idade das mulheres; entre estas, a classe entre 21 e 30 anos foi a de maior dominÃ¢ncia para o nÃºmero de casos. ConclusÃµes: A candidÃ­ase vulvovaginal diagnosticada em mulheres da Baixada Fluminense tem dominÃ¢ncia de Candida albicans, com intercorrÃªncia de C. tropicalis e C. krusei. Ã‰ prioritÃ¡rio recomendar, Ã s mulheres, acompanhamentos periÃ³dicos com ginecologista e realizar exames ginecolÃ³gicos de secreÃ§Ã£o vaginal para o diagnÃ³stico precoce da candidose..
دور المعماري في مشروعات الحفاظ على التراث: قراءة في المواثيق العالمية
Authors: الحبشي علاء الدين علوي , عمر دعاء أحمد
Published: July 2019

تحتاج مشروعات ترميم مباني التراث إلى فريق عمل متعدد التخصصات من مهندسين وفنيين واثريين وغيرهم وذلك لإرساء توجهات للحفاظ وتوضيح فنياته وتصميم التدخلات اللازمة لتحقيق أهداف الترميم، ولا يمكن لأي متخصص العمل بمعزل عن الآخر وإلا أضر ذلك بمباني التراث، ولذا نظمت العديد من الدول علاقة هذه التخصصات في مشاريع الترميم لضمان فعالية دور كل منهم، إلا أنه بالنظرة العامة على مشروعات الترميم في مصر وجدنا أن تواجد هذه التخصصات غالبا ما يكون شكلياً لا يحكمه ضوابط ومسئوليات واضحة، والبحث يلقي الضوء على هذا التقصير الفني والإداري في مشاريع الترميم بمصر والذي تتفاوت فيه أدوار التخصصات المختلفة دون مبررات واضحة، ولا سيما دور المعماري والذي يهمش في بعض الأحيان، أو يقلد زمام الأمور الفنية في أحياناً أخرى، والبحث يعرض تأثير هذا التفاوت على منتج الترميم من خلال أمثلة، كما يتتبع تطور مهنة المرمم على مر العقود الماضية، ويؤكد على دور المعماريين المحوري في ارساء فنيات الترميم لما يكتسبوه من علوم وخبرة عملية تؤهلهم لتفهم تقنيات البناء المختلفة التقليدية منها والحديثة، وكيفية ربط ذلك مع تاريخ العمارة والبناء، ومهارات فنية ووعي مجتمعي تكسبهم مهارات لفحص ولتفهم نظم وخواص البناء، ولإرساء تصميمات وتفاصيل للترميم تحافظ على أصالة نسيج المبني التراثي من جهة وتؤكد على ترابطه مع القيم المجتمعية والثقافية المحلية من الجهة الأخرى.والبحث يعيد قراءة بعض المواثيق العالمية المحددة لفنيات ومبادئ ترميم مباني التراث بهدف تعيين المعايير والموجهات المتضمنة بها والتي تخص عمل المعماري، وذلك حتى نعي سلبيات غياب دور محدد له في آليات مشاريع الترميم ونلقي الضوء علي بعض مهامه المحوريه، وأحد أهم هذه المواثيق التي سيتم دراستها وتحليلها هو ميثاق البندقية (الميثاق الدولي لحفظ وترميم الاثار) الصادر في عام ١٩٦٤م، والذي صدقت عليه مصر، وتعتبر توصيات هذا الميثاق الاكثر تقنيا وذات علاقة وثيقة بتصميم التدخلات الترميمية، لاسيما ان واضعي هذه التوصيات هم من اشهر واهم معماري منتصف القرن العشرين.الورقة البحثية تفرد شرح تفصيلي لبنود التقنية الواردة في هذه المواثيق، وتطرح أمثلة محلية وعالمية لكيفية تطبيق هذه البنود في مشاريع ترميم سابقة سواء عالميه او داخل مصر مع توضيح ما إذا كان للمعماري دوراً فيها، وإذا ثبت دوره يحدد مداه بالمقارنة لدور التخصصات الأخرى المشاركة في صنع القرار، ثم يقوم البحث بتقييم تأثير هذه التدخلات على الأصالة (authenticity) وتكاملها (integrity) وهما أهم معياريين تقييم على أساسهم وضع الحفاظ على التراث. ويخلص البحث بمجموعة من التوصيات الموجهة للجهات المعنية في مصر، وخاصة وزارة الآثار، والجهاز القومي للتنسيق الحضاري، ووزارة الإسكان، وأجهزة المحافظات والأحياء المسؤولين بإدارة العمران في المناطق التاريخية في مصر، وكذلك يطرح مجموعة أخرى من التوصيات موجهة للجامعات والمؤسسات الأكاديمية والعلمية لتمكينهم لإيجاد نظم تعليمية تؤهل معماريين محليين يمكن أن نثق فيهم للحفاظ على تراثنا المحلي.
أثر سياسات التطوير العمراني على خصائص المنتج العمراني للمناطق التاريخية
Authors: شحاتة أحمد محمد عبد الرحمن , الظواهري عمرو محمد زين الدين
Published: July 2019

تتأثر الخصائص العمرانية للمناطق التاريخية بالمدن القديمة بطبيعة الاستراتيجيات المتبعة. تتبع الجهات المشرفة والمنظمة للعمران سياسات واستراتيجيات خاصة يتم تنظيمها لكل منطقة على حدى بهدف تطوير والحفاظ على عمران تلك المناطق. ونظرا لحساسية مثل تلك المناطق فإن أي تغير في تلك الاستراتيجيات يكون أثره سلبياً بشكل سريع. وتهدف الدراسة للتعرف على أثر عدد من الاستراتيجيات المتبعة على تغير الخصائص العمرانية لتلك المناطق. وللوصول إلى هدف الدراسة يقوم الباحثان بتعريف التدهور العمراني وأسبابه في المناطق التاريخية إضافة لاستعراض الاستراتيجيات المختلفة المتعبة في التعامل مع تلك المناطق وأثر كل منها على الخصائص العمرانية لها.ثم يتطرق البحث إلى دراسة مقارنة لثلاث من المناطق التاريخية بثلاثة مدن بمنطقة الحجاز من المملكة العربية السعودية، حيث تشترك تلك المدن في كثير من الخصائص الجغرافية والتاريخية والاجتماعية والثقافية. وتجدر الإشارة أنه قد تم تطبيق ثلاث استراتيجيات مختلفة في التعامل مع تلك المناطق التاريخية.ومن خلال استعراض السياسات المتبعة في كل من تلك المناطق العمرانية وتحليل وضعها الحالي وصولا لتقييم أثر ونتائج كل من تلك السياسات على المناطق التاريخية لتلك المدن. ومن الممكن تعميم تلك النتائج على كثير من مدن منطقة الشرق الأوسط والتي تتشارك فيكثير من الخصائص والمشكلات العمرانية بشكل عام.
Safety Profiles and Pharmacovigilance Considerations for Recently Patented Anticancer Drugs: Advanced Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Vaccher Emanuela , Schioppa Ornella , Martellotta Ferdinando , Fornasier Giulia , Giacomin Elisa , Re Francesco Lo , Baldo Paolo , Corona Giuseppe , Gobitti Carlo
Published: August 2019

Background:

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine neoplasia and represents approximately 1.5% to 2.1% of all cancers diagnosed annually worldwide. Iodine Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma (RR-DTC) and advanced/metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma are relatively uncommon yet prognostically significant thyroid cancers. Gene rearrangements resulting in the aberrant activity of tyrosine kinases have been identified as drivers of oncogenesis in a variety of cancers, including thyroid cancer. Many Multi-Kinase Inhibitors (MKIs) which are now FDA-/EMA approved for thyroid cancer have shown clinical benefit in patients with advanced cancer. Treatmentrelated toxicities occur frequently with these drugs and can be severe or life-threatening.

Objective:

This review summarizes the role of targeted therapy with MKIs in the management of RRDTC and advanced/metastatic MTC patients, focusing on side-effect profiles of these drugs, with a presentation of several recent patents published in this field.

Methods:

We review the scientific literature on advanced thyroid cancer and analyze the International Pharmacovigilance database (FAERS, Eudravigilance, and WHO Vigibase) for adverse drug reactions.

Results:

This systematic analysis highlights the difference in the safety profile of the recent drugs used in the treatment of advanced thyroid cancer and the recent discoveries for diagnosis or treatment of the thyroid cancer.

Conclusion:

It is essential to investigate the safety profile of recent anticancer drugs for advanced thyroid cancer to allow health professionals to make the best choice for each patient by conducting risk/benefit assessment.
Mathematical model of the formation and development of wave-shaped rail wear when an electric locomotive operates in the traction mode in tangent sections of the track
Authors: Kogan A. Ya.
Published: July 2019

The problem of wave-shaped rail wear is highly relevant for rail transport. The paper presents a mathematical model of the formation and development of wave-shaped rail wear. The task of estimating vertical wear of the rail head under the axles of electric locomotives passing in the traction mode is considered. A technique has been developed that allows building chain of calculations that determine the formation and development of a wave-shaped rail head wear. A specific calculation example is given, illustrating the process of propagation of a wave-shaped wear from the source of its formation in the direction of train motion. An example of the calculation allows drawing the following conclusions:

1. Wave-shaped wear primarily occurs when the shock interaction of the wheel of an electric locomotive moving in the traction mode and a rail thread having imperfections of the rolling surface. Such imperfections, among others, may be a joint with a significant gap or a “step down” in the direction of the locomotive, as well as a welded joint with defect 46.3-4.

2. Wavelength of the wave-shaped rail wear, its configuration and amplitude of the fundamental tone are determined mainly by joint oscillations of the wheel-motor unit of the locomotive and the track infrastructure in the field of high-frequency oscillations (120 – 180 Hz).

3. Multivariate calculations showed that in steady state, the distribution speed of wave-shaped rail wear in the direction of train motion (as a function of the number of axles of electric locomotives passed in traction mode) is directly proportional to the vertical load at the wheel and rail contact in the slip zone 0≤Q≤F/(2nψk), is inversely proportional to wear resistance C and significantly depends on the parameters of the undercarriage of the electric train and the track superstructure.
Criteria for predicting the initiation of rolling contact fatigue damage in the railway wheels and rails
Authors: Sakalo V. I. , Sakalo A. V.
Published: July 2019

The development of the methods for modeling the processes of accumulation of the rolling contact fatigue damage and wear of the wheels of the railway rolling stock and the rails is particularly relevant due to the increase in the number of damage in the recent times. The work is underway to improve the chemical composition and the technology of production of the wheel and rail steels in order to improve their mechanical properties and ability to resist the action of the cyclic loads. The methods of modeling allow predict the possibility of initiation of the fatigue cracks during operation with the sufficient accuracy in the short time. The selection of the contact fatigue criterion and the mathematical apparatus for calculating the stresses at points in the area adjacent to the contact patch to obtain the numerical values of the criterion components is the most important task in the development of modeling methods. The article focuses on the approaches based on the Dang Van criterion and the shakedown diagram for a material undergoing to the action of cyclic loads, which are widely used to assess the rolling contact fatigue of the wheels and rails. The assumptions that are used in the development of the algorithms concerning the models of the contacting bodies, the shape of the contact patch, the distribution of the contact pressures and the tangential forces are considered. The approach using the criterion — the amplitude value of the maximal shear stress is also considered. The example of modeling the process of accumulation of the rolling contact fatigue damage in the wheel of the freight car is given. The results of modeling are presented in the form of the isolines of the criterion values and the accumulated damage in the area adjacent to the contact patch. This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research under Grant [17-01-00815A].
Motion stability of railway cars on bogies 18-100
Authors: Romen Yu. S.
Published: July 2019

Stability of the rolling stock in a rail track is determined by the nature of the motion of the wheelsets under the influence of processes in the “wheel — rail” system and connections with the bogie and the carriage body. Factors affecting the motion of wheelsets are the irregularities of rail threads and the interaction forces in the “wheel — rail” system, which cause fluctuations in carriage hunting oscillation even in the absence of external disturbances. Parametric excitation of oscillations in the “carriage — track” system is caused by the difference in the radii of the rolling surfaces of the bevel gears with the transverse displacement of the wheelset in the track. This excitation is damped by the forces of resistance to rotation and displacement on the contact surface, the magnitude of which is inversely proportional to the rolling speed of the wheel. Therefore, with an increase in the speed of motion, the magnitude of resistance forces decreases and the intensity of processes determining hunting oscillations in the “wheel — rail” system increases. The excitatory factors on each of the wheelset of the bogie are of random nature and are not interconnected, therefore their vibrations are limited to the designs of the bogie and its connections with car body, which combine all the elements into a single system. Increasing the connectivity of the wheelsets and sidewalls of the bogie among themselves and with the carriage is the most appropriate solution for reducing hunting intensity. To do this, three-element bogies should reduce wear in the spring suspension, prohibiting the raising of the wedge above the plane of the supports of the bolster. To reduce the rotation of the bogie when hunting, bolster should be equipped with elastic contact bearings.
Numerical modeling of the dynamics of the clutch couplers
Authors: Shevchenko D. V. , Kudryavtsev M. A. , Orlova A. M. , Ponomarev S. A. , Sokolov A. M. , Savushkina Yu. V.
Published: July 2019

One of the priorities of the program “Strategy for the development of railway transport in the Russian Federation until 2030” is the introduction and development of heavy haul traffic, allowing to ensure the increasing volume of freight traffic and significantly improve the efficiency of railways. Main challenges for scientific research and design development to ensure the creation of freight cars for heavy haul traffic, along with an increase in longterm load and decrease in tare weight, include the issue of increasing the load from the wheelset to the rails to 27 tons for heavy haul cars SA-3T and couplers SA-3. It is shown that increasing the load from the wheelset to the rails up to 27 tons while maintaining the dynamic running load within the normalized values can be achieved by increasing calculated deflection of the spring suspension of the truck, which in turn leads to an increase in the possible height difference between the couplings of adjacent cars. Authors explain necessity of putting into operation a coupler for heavy haul cars SA-3T, providing an increase in the vertical coupler contour line up to 210 mm. Regulatory documents governing the provisions of automatic coupling devices in freight cars were analyzed. Dynamic computational models have been developed that describe the behavior of automatic couplings in the process of coupling cars, taking into account the inertial characteristics of all parts included in the assembly, the geometric nonlinearity associated with their contact interaction, and the elastic-damping properties of the absorbing device. Verification of calculated dynamic model has been carried out. Numerical experiments simulating the coupling of the considered automatic coupling devices with the most unfavorable possible combinations of horizontal deviations and rotation angles were performed. It is confirmed that the developed design of the coupler CA-3T provides grip when there is a possible difference between the lower surfaces of the locks of adjacent coupler up to 210 mm both between themselves and with the typical coupler CA-3.
Methodological approach to estimation of the structure of load bearing insulation materials of buildings and constructions of railway transport
Authors: Adilkhodzhaev A. I. , Shaumarov S. S. , Shchipacheva E. V. , Begmatov N. I.
Published: July 2019

The article considers the question of the development of a new methodological approach to the creation of a heat-insulating constructional building material for external enclosing structures of buildings and constructions of railway transport. As the strength of cellular concrete is directly proportional to the average density, and the thermal properties are inversely proportional, solution to the problem of optimizing macrostructure of material in order to simultaneously improve its strength and thermal properties is much more complicated. In addition, when optimizing the properties of cellular concrete, it is necessary to vary the components that form it. Thus, optimization, ultimately, is reduced to solving a multifunctional problem with variable multicomponent parameters. Solving the problem of optimizing macrostructure of cellular concrete on the basis of an experiment using the “trial and error” method is very expensive. Moreover, even an experiment based on some technological approach does not guarantee a positive result for the values of average density taken in a reasonably wide range. Given that the thermal properties of cellular concrete are closely related not only to its average density and, consequently, to average porosity, but also to the pore size distribution and structure features in general, the method of estimating pore structure of the material in a simple and accessible way is of particular interest. A numerical experiment was performed in which the structure of cellular concrete was modeled to conditions close to real samples. To do this, using a random number generator for a given range of sizes of spherical pores and a given percentage of porosity, the structure of cellular concrete was modeled. The modeling results were analyzed on the basis of the constructed histograms for a given percentage of pores in the entire considered range (from 10 to 90 %). Results of model calculations were approximated by Gauss curves (normal law of probability distribution) and Cauchy – Lorentz curves. Thus, the new methodological approach to estimating structure of cellular concrete, based on the use of the modern approach from the standpoint of information technology, is quite accurate in defining and in its practical implementation much simpler than classical research methods.
Maintenance service technology and analysis of operation results of electronic equipment of AC electric locomotives on the railways of the Eastern operational area
Authors: Boginskiy S. A. , Semchenko V. V. , Shabalin N. G.
Published: July 2019

The article presents the relevance of the topic associated with the introduction of technical diagnostics tools and the service system of electronic equipment for AC electric locomotives. Results of operating a microprocessor control system and diagnostics of AC electric locomotives on the Eastern operational area are presented in the form of failure statistics of elements of microprocessor technology. Structure of the technological process of servicing AC electric locomotives on the railways of the Eastern operational area is shown. Authors revealed features of building a system of locomotive maintenance points (LMP), which carry out repair and maintenance of electronic equipment for AC electric locomotives of various series. Functional scheme of the system for servicing electronic equipment for AC electric locomotives has been developed. Bench and technological equipment of the service area for the maintenance of electronic equipment is shown. The article describes development of an automated workplace (AWP) for optimization and repair of a microprocessor control system (MCS) for an electric locomotive, which was not previously in the locomotive sector. Examples of performing technological processes of repairing cassettes of MCS using AWP are given. The following conclusions were made: 1. Statistics of MCS failures and malfunctions of their cells on AC electric locomotives at the Eastern operational area for the period from 2016 to 2018 (LMP of station Tayshet and Karymskaya) shows that the number of failures of MCS decreased by 30 % and the number of malfunctioning MCS cells, received for repair, decreased by 45 %. 2. Automated workplaces created in the JSC “DTsV of the Krasnoyarskaya Railway” for optimizing and repairing the local government of AC electric locomotive made it possible to optimize repairs and create an automated process for the maintenance and repair of electronic equipment for electric locomotives. 3. Developed by specialists of the JSC “DTsV of the Krasnoyarskaya Railway” together with the employees of the LLC “Lokotech-Service” technological model of full service maintenance and repair of electronic equipment for AC electric locomotives on the railways of the Eastern operational area was implemented and well proved itself in the work of the LMP.
Improving the efficiency of the “wheel — rail” friction system
Authors: Shapovalov V. V. , Shcherbak P. N. , Bogdanov V. M. , Feyzov E. E. , Kharlamov P. V. , Feyzova V. A.
Published: July 2019

Relevance of the topic of increasing the efficiency of the “wheel — rail” friction system is considered. It is shown that the main condition for a significant optimization of the interaction processes in the “wheel — rail” system is the use of scientifically based technologies and technical means for lubrication of a dynamically loaded open friction pair. Basic requirements for the characteristics of lubricants is used in the open “wheel — rail” friction system. Authors named lubricants that meet the stated requirements. The main disadvantages of the remote method of supplying liquid and/or plastic lubricants in the “wheel — rail” system are presented as argument. Examples are given. The article describes technology of contact rota-print rod lubricating system “GRS — RAPS” and its advantages over analogues, as well as the experience of industrial implementation and operation of this technology. Based on the experience of using the “GRS — RAPS” technology in various climatic zones and operating modes, work was carried out on its adaptation and development, in particular, the tribological properties of rod lubricants were improved, the volumes of one-time refueling were increased, the drive of lubricating rods was optimized. All this allows increasing the effectiveness of this technology in 5 – 7 times. Equipment for freight locomotives is provided with metal-plating systems for working surfaces of wheelsets. Total traction capacity of freight locomotives, if all other things being equal, increases by 15 – 20 %, while protecting wheel flanges of locomotives from wear and improves the braking characteristics of the train. A new concept of building a system for the lubrication of the “wheel — rail”contact zone on the basis of a modernized and improved “GRS — RAPS” technology and technology for modifying (metal-plating) working surfaces has been proposed. Potential economic effect from the comprehensive implementation of the proposed technology is estimated taking into account the existing economic conditions.
Service life evaluation of ballastless track construction
Authors: Mikhaylov S. V.
Published: July 2019

The article presents method for calculating service life of ballastless track structure using the track oscillation model as a structure containing three infinitely long beams, the lower of which lies on the modified Winkler base, and the upper and middle are based on elastic layers, mainly having the characteristics of Winkler. The use of this model is due to the need to carry out calculation for bearing concrete slab, the destruction of which is the main reason for the failure of the ballastless track structure. First part of the article presents model for calculating service life of a ballastless structure. When calculating the damage index, which takes the stresses in the bearing concrete slab, to estimate the vertical dynamic forces acting on the track, it is proposed to use a frequency response that determines the dynamic system with input on the track unevenness and output on the dynamic force at the wheel and rail contact in the model oscillations of the track as a three-layer beam. Second part presents estimates of the service life of ballastless structure for various operating conditions and their comparison with the results obtained using the practice method with the single-beam model. Graphs were plotted for the service life of the ballastless track structure on axle loads, the speed of the carriages and the load capacity on the line. Results show the applicability of the single-layer beam model for estimating the service life of the ballastless track structure in the current operating conditions; however, for the promising conditions of high-speed and heavy traffic, it is advisable to use a three-layer model.
The use of liquefied natural gas in the combined power unit of autonomous refrigerated car
Authors: Voron O. A.
Published: July 2019

A specific feature of the market for the transport of perishable goods is the length of the routes. As part of the implementation of new technical solutions for isothermal rolling stock, research is being conducted on the development of autonomous power supply complexes. The article discusses combined power supply system of an autonomous refrigerated car (ARC), which includes a diesel generator set and a carriage generator. Possibility of using liquefied natural gas as a motor fuel for a diesel generator set, as well as generator and drive units with a car generator is being evaluated. Taking into account the operating experience of power plants of cars in the mode of unmanned technologies, the advantages of using liquefied gas as fuel are described. Comparative calculation of the costs of various types of fuel by the ARC power plant is given. The advantages of using the utilization of the heat of vaporization of liquefied natural gas (LNG) to increase the cooling capacity of a regular refrigeration unit are substantiated. Article gives comparative calculated economic assessment of fuel costs when using different options for power supply systems on routes when driving at high speed and accelerated refrigerated trains, which allows determining the required onboard fuel supply for different options. The use of LNG as a motor fuel and an additional source of cold for ARC is promising. Autonomy of the car on existing fuel reserves is increased by reducing the operating time of refrigeration and power plants. Reducing operating costs is achieved through savings on the purchase of fuel, since the price of an equivalent amount of LNG is lower than that of gasoline or diesel fuel. Operational advantages of LNG are to protect the fuel system from corrosion and contamination. The use of a generator-drive unit with a car generator will save from 30 to 70 % of the fuel used (LNG or diesel), depending on the speed of the freight train on routes of considerable length.
Service Providers’ Behaviour in Light of Developing the Medical Tourism Industry in Malaysia: At the Expense of Local Patients?
Authors: Rosnan Herwina , Yusof Norzayana
Published: July 2019

Despite the concern that medical tourism causes local patients to be neglected, this article attempts to prove the otherwise. Ten in-depth interviews were conducted with doctors and private hospitals that serve medical tourists. Through Atlas.ti version 8, our interviews found that the locals are still the primary focus as medical tourists only take about 10% on average of the total patients in these hospitals. Further, hospitals are bound to Act 586 by the central government. This research suggests for the policy-makers to take the necessary proactive actions in developing the medical tourism industry while simultaneously catering for the locals’ needs.Keywords: Medical Tourism; Local Patients; Public Healthcare; Healthcare EquityeISSN: 2398-4287© 2019. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bsby e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, UniversitiTeknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v4i11.1714
Unravelling Layers of Colonial and Post-Colonial Open Space Planning and Heritage: The Identity of [Padang] Merdeka Square, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Authors: Mat Nayan Nadiyanti , Jones David S , Ahmad Suriati
Published: July 2019

In 1880, when the British moved their Federated Malay States administrative centre to Kuala Lumpur, the Padang quickly became a symbol of British economic and administrative colonisation, and a nucleus of the socio-cultural development of Kuala Lumpur. This paper discusses the layers of history, symbolism and cultural values that the Padang contributes to the socio-cultural tapestry of both Kuala Lumpur and Malaysia, and the lack of relevant planning and heritage measures to conserve these attributes and characteristics. The conclusions offer avenues to engage with pre- and post-colonisation that enable re-making and the conservation of the iconic space of Kuala Lumpur.Keywords: Urban open space; Merdeka Square; Kuala Lumpur City Hall; National Heritage Act 2005eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2019. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v4i11.1721
The Relation between Objective and Perceived Physical Characteristics of a Neighborhood Environment for Older People
Authors: Nordin Nadhirah , Nakamura Hitoshi
Published: July 2019

This paper aims to investigate the relation between objective and perceived neighbourhood walkability and its influence on the physical activity level of older adults. The relationships were used to measure older people's neighbourhood liveability, whereas physical activity relates to older people's quality of life in Johor Bahru neighbourhoods, Malaysia. The study outcomes show residents in a highly dense area with higher accessibility to facilities perceived higher walkability but showed a lower physical activity level. Residents in high intersection density areas who recognised high walkability demonstrated higher physical activity level, whereas residents in a highly dense area with higher accessibility show lower physical activity level.Keywords: Active ageing; physical neighbourhood environment; neighbourhood liveability; quality of lifeeISSN: 2398-4287 © 2019. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v4i11.1732
Reconsidering the World Heritage Potential of the Kinta Valley Post-Industrial Mining Landscape, Malaysia
Authors: Ahmad Suriati , Jones David S. , Nayan Nadiyanti Mat
Published: July 2019

The distinct landscape of the Kinta Valley is undeniably unique in its capacity in narrating significant phases and processes in Peninsular Malaysia’s history and culture. While tin mining brought about massive development to the Valley’s landscape, evidenced in the making of modern Kinta and Kampar Districts today, and Malaysia generally, this paper focuses on the potential of Kinta Valley as a World Heritage Listed mining cultural landscape. The rich cultural tapestry that is evident today across the Valley’s mining lands provides a significant living platform to understanding and appreciating the diversity of Malaysia’s cultural landscapes and in particular, offering a new perspective about industrial heritage values to Malaysia’s domestic and international tourism catchments. Keywords: Cultural Landscape as Heritage; Heritage Conservation; Post-Industrial Mining Landscape; Kinta Valley.eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2019. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v4i11.1736
Adaptive Reuse Policy Evaluation at the Old City of Sana’a Yemen
Authors: Haidar Laila
Published: July 2019

The study evaluates the adaptive reuse policy at the Old City of Sana’a, Yemen. A case study of the Tower Houses and private investors establishing projects such as; Hotel, and Art Gallery with high intervention. The data collection was by i) Structured interview with authorities, ii) On-site observation applied services, iii) literature search of forms, guidelines, previous projects, and reports. In result, few vital gaps in the policy practice between the permit of intervention and practice. Also, stages of intervention lack monitoring and expert’s validation.Additionally, Hotel guidelines inapplicable to the Tower House capacity. Findings will help the authority to upgrade their policy practice and guidelinesKeywords: Adaptive Reuse, Policy, Evaluation, the Old City Sana’a –Yemen. eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2019. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v4i11.1746