bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound as pre-treatment for microwave drying of Myrtus communis fruits: Influence on phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity
Authors: Bouaoudia-Madi Nadia , Dairi Sofiane , Aoun Omar , Kadri Nabil , Madani Khodir , Boulekbache-Makhlouf Lila
Published: October 2022

Background: Drying constitutes the most common method of food preservation that may degrade nutrients compounds in fruits due to high temperatures and long drying times. Myrtus communis is one of the important aromatic and medicinal species, owing to these reasons, the development of new methods of drying is essential for the preservation and valorization of myrtle fruits. Aims: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of ultrasound as a pre-treatment (USP) at 10 min to 90 min in microwave-drying (MD) on the dehydration of myrtle Myrtus communis fruits, on phytochemical content, and on antioxidant activity. Methods: ultrasound drying as pretreatment in microwave drying, extraction yield efficiency and antioxidant activity were measured using radical scavenging assay (DPPH•) and reducing power in addition the PCA analysis was investigated to detect the relationships between variables. Results: The ultrasound pretreatment reduced notably the microwave drying time. A pretreatment of 90 min provided the most rapid drying kinetics (6 min and 5.5 min for 500 w and 700 w respectively) compared to the microwave drying alone (18 min and 11 min for 500 w and 700 w respectively). A higher phytochemical content; 219.90 ± 0.69 mg GAE/g for total phenol content (TPC) was obtained compared to those from MD and conventional drying (CD); 193.79 ± 0.99 mg GAE/g and 148.16 ± 0.95 mg GAE/g for TPC respectively. Indeed, the antioxidant activity tests revealed that ultrasound pretreatment is one of the most efficient methods to preserve the quality and the hydrogen and/or electron-donating ability of antioxidants for neutralizing DPPH radicals (98.63 %) test and reducing ferric ions to ferrous ones. Effectively, the results of PCA analysis show a higher positive correlation between antioxidant activity and flavonoids, anthocyanins, and tannins contents. Conclusions: Ultrasound pretreatment is expected to be a potential alternative to preserve fruit quality during microwave drying because it can reduce drying time at ambient temperatures while preserving natural heat-sensitive nutritive components, flavor, and color.
Keywords: Ultrasound, Myrtus communis L, microwave, drying, pretreatment, antioxidant activity.
Pelatihan Dan Pengembangan Sdm Desa Dalam Pemanfaatan Limbah Kulit Nenas
Authors: Joesyiana Kiki , Prihastuti Asepma Hygi , Wahyuni Sri , Adriyani Annesa , Wahyuni Sri
Published: October 2022

Riau termasuk dalam 5 provinsi terbesar penghasil nenas, dengan jumlah produksi buah nenas pada tahun 2020 sebanyak 214.277 ton. Desa Rimbo Panjang merupakan salah satu desa penghasil nenas di Kabupaten Kampar, Provinsi Riau. Sekitar 48% masyarakatnya bermatapencaharian sebagai petani nenas, dimana saat ini kebun nenas yang produktif lebih kurang 6000 ha dengan jumlah produksi nenas segar hampir 7 ton perhari di musim panennya. Hasil panen nenas tersebut kemudian dijual kembali atau diolah untuk menghasilkan produk lainnya, seperti keripik nenas, wajik nenas, dodol nenas dan sirup nenas. Dari hasil produksi buah nenas tersebut baru daging buahnya saja yang dimanfaatkan, sehingga timbul limbah kulit nenas. Untuk memanfaatkan kulit nenas tersebut diadakan pelatihan dan pengembangan SDM Desa Rimbo Panjang dalam memanfaatkan kulit nenas menjadi pupuk organik. Berdasarkan kuisioner yang disebarkan kepada peserta pelatihan menyatakan bahwa materi yang diberikan sudah sesuai dengan kebutuhan peserta dan diharapkan adanya pelatihan berkelanjutan untuk pengembangan SDM Desa selanjutnya.

 Kata kunci: Pelatihan, Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM), Kulit Nenas
Pola Asuh Orangtua Dan Kurangnya Gizi Anak Penyebab Stunting Di Desa Karangduwur, Kalikajar, Wonosobo
Authors: Christina Christina , Gunawan Gunawan , Sultanea Renofiar , Lestari Dini , Azizah Ulfa , Haniifah Haniifah , Yulatifah Tatik , Fatimah Rian , Muzaki Ahmad , Munir Misbahul , Farhan M.Maftuh
Published: October 2022

Stunting adalah permasalahan yang masih menghantui anak-anak di Indonesia. Untuk mewujudkan anak Indonesia yang sehat dan cerdas, pemenuhan gizi pada usia dini merupakan hal yang utama. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif studi observasional dengan desain cross-sectional di Desa Karangduwur Kecamatan Kalikajar Kabupaten Wonosobo. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara untuk mengetahui pola asuh orang tua pada balita terindikasi stunting. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tiga faktor pola asuh yang berkontribusi dalam munculnya kasus stunting, yaitu yang berkaitan dengan sistem pangan, sosial ekonomi, dan pendidikan. Edukasi tentang pentingnya memahami stunting dan penyebabnya secara benar akan mengubah pola pikir dan pola asuh masyarakat untuk mengeliminasi stunting di masa mendatang.
PSORÍASE: ASPECTOS EPIDEMIOLÓGICOS E FISIOPATOLÓGICOS UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Silva Lívia Ferreira da , Veiga Wagner Amado
Published: October 2022

Este artigo objetivou-se em realizar um levantamento bibliográfico sobre a epidemiologia e fisiopatologia da psoríase, além de dá uma breve atualização sobre os seus tratamentos. Para metodologia deste trabalho, foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico utilizando bancos de dados, como: Google Acadêmico, plataforma SciELO (Scientific Eletronic Library Online), PubMed (National Library of Medicine) e Bibliotecas digitais que estão disponíveis para pesquisa, assim como livros, dissertações, teses e monografias. A psoríase afeta 6% da população mundial, acometendo igualmente homens e mulheres. Caracteriza-se por inflamação imunomediada do tecido cutâneo, que resulta em placas eritematosa-escamosa descamativas de tamanhos diferentes, com fronteira bem definida ou irregular, que surgem em diversos locais do exterior da pele, tendo uma preferência pelos cotovelos, unhas, tronco, joelhos e couro cabeludo. Sua etiologia envolve aspectos genéticos e ambientais. O diagnóstico é clínico, sendo necessária a biópsia da lesão para confirmação apenas em alguns casos. Pode ser dividida em leve, moderada e grave, com grande variabilidade clínica, incluindo: vulgar, vale, palmoplantar, inversa, eritrodérmica, pustulosa, ungueal e articular. Atualmente não há cura, e o tratamento visa aliviar os sintomas e reduzir o número de irritações, podendo utilizar medicações tópicas ou sistêmicas dependendo da gravidade do quadro.
Summertime fluorescence characteristics of atmospheric water-soluble organic carbon in the marine boundary layer of the western Arctic Ocean
Authors: Jung Jinyoung , Miyazaki Yuzo , Hur Jin , Jeon Mi Hae , Lee Youngju , Cho Kyoung-Ho , Chung Hyun Young , Kim Kitae , Choi Jung-Ok , Lalande Catherine , Kim Joo-Hong , Choi Taejin , Yoon Young Jun , Yang Eun Jin , Kang Sung-Ho
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Accelerated warming and a decline in sea ice coverage in the summertime Arctic Ocean can significantly affect the emissions of marine organic aerosols and biogenic volatile organic compounds. However, how these changes affect the characteristics of atmospheric water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), which plays an important role in the climate system, remains unclear. Thus, to improve our understanding of WSOC characteristics, including its summertime fluorescence characteristics, in the rapidly changing Arctic Ocean, we simultaneously measured atmospheric concentrations of ionic species and WSOC, fluorescence excitation–emission matrix coupled with parallel factor (EEM–PARAFAC) analysis of WSOC, and marine biological parameters in surface seawaters of the western Arctic Ocean during the summer of 2016. WSOC was predominantly present as fine-mode aerosols (diameter < 2.5 μm) (median = 92 %) with the mean concentration being higher in the coastal water areas (462 ± 130 ngC m−3) than in the sea ice-covered areas (242 ± 88.4 ngC m−3). Moreover, the WSOC in the fine-mode aerosols was positively correlated with the methanesulfonic acid in the fine-mode aerosol samples collected over the sea ice-covered areas (r = 0.88, p < 0.01, n = 10), suggesting high sea–air gas exchange and emissions of aerosol precursor gases due to sea ice retreat and increasing available solar radiation during the Arctic summer. Two fluorescent components, humic-like C1 and protein-like C2, were identified by the PARAFAC modeling of fine-mode atmospheric WSOC. The two components varied regionally between coastal and sea ice-covered areas, with low and high fluorescence intensities observed over the coastal areas and sea ice-covered areas, respectively. Further, the humification index of WSOC was correlated with the fluorescence intensity ratio of the humic-like C1/protein-like C2 (r = 0.89, p < 0.01) and the WSOC concentration in the fine-mode aerosols (r = 0.66, p < 0.05), with the highest values observed in the coastal areas. Additionally, the WSOC concentration in the fine-mode aerosols was positively correlated with the fluorescence intensity ratio of the humic-like C1/protein-like C2 (r = 0.77, p < 0.01), but was negatively correlated to the biological index (r = −0.69, p < 0.01). Overall, these results suggested that the WSOC in the fine-mode aerosols in the coastal areas showed a higher degree of polycondensation and higher aromaticity compared that in the sea ice-covered areas, where WSOC in the fine-mode aerosols was associated with relatively new, less oxygenated, and biologically-derived secondary organic components. The findings can improve our understanding of the chemical and biological linkages of WSOC at the ocean–sea ice–atmosphere interface.
Significant formation of sulfate aerosols contributed by the heterogeneous drivers of dust surface
Authors: Wang Tao , Liu Yangyang , Cheng Hanyun , Wang Zhenzhen , Fu Hongbo , Chen Jianmin , Zhang Liwu
Published: October 2022

Abstract. The importance of dust heterogeneous oxidation in the removal of atmospheric SO2 and formation of sulfate aerosols is not adequately
understood. In this study, the Fe-, Ti-, and Al-bearing components, Na+,
Cl−, K+, and Ca2+ of the dust surface, were discovered to be closely associated with the heterogeneous formation of sulfate. Regression
models were then developed to make a reliable prediction of the heterogeneous reactivity based on the particle chemical compositions.
Further, the recognized gas-phase, aqueous-phase, and heterogeneous oxidation routes were quantitatively assessed and kinetically compared by combining
the laboratory work with a modelling study. In the presence of 55 µg m−3 airborne dust, heterogeneous oxidation accounts for approximately 28.6 % of the secondary sulfate aerosols during nighttime, while the
proportion decreases to 13.1 % in the presence of solar irradiation. On
the dust surface, heterogeneous drivers (e.g. transition metal constituents,
water-soluble ions) are more efficient than surface-adsorbed oxidants (e.g. H2O2, NO2, O3) in the conversion of SO2,
particularly during nighttime. Dust heterogeneous oxidation offers an
opportunity to explain the missing sulfate source during severe haze
pollution events, and its contribution proportion in the complex atmospheric
environments could be even higher than the current calculation results.
Overall, the dust surface drivers are responsible for the significant
formation of sulfate aerosols and have profound impacts on the atmospheric
sulfur cycling.
Measurement report: Size distributions of urban aerosols down to 1 nm from long-term measurements
Authors: Deng Chenjuan , Li Yiran , Yan Chao , Wu Jin , Cai Runlong , Wang Dongbin , Liu Yongchun , Kangasluoma Juha , Kerminen Veli-Matti , Kulmala Markku , Jiang Jingkun
Published: October 2022

Abstract. The size distributions of urban atmospheric aerosols
convey important information on their origins and impacts. Their long-term
characteristics, especially for sub-3 nm particles, are still limited. In
this study, we examined the characteristics of atmospheric aerosol size
distributions down to ∼1 nm based on 4-year measurements in urban Beijing.
Using cluster analysis, three typical types of number size distributions
were identified, i.e., daytime new particle formation (NPF) type, daytime
non-NPF type, and nighttime type. Combining a power law distribution and
multiple lognormal distributions can well represent the sharp concentration
decrease of sub-3 nm particles with increasing size and the modal
characteristics for those above 3 nm in the submicron size range. The
daytime NPF type exhibits high concentrations of sub-3 nm aerosols
together with other three modes. However, both the daytime non-NPF type
and the nighttime type have a low abundance of sub-3 nm aerosol particles
together with only two distinct modes. In urban Beijing, the concentration
of H2SO4 monomer during the daytime with NPF is similar to that
during the daytime without NPF, while significantly higher than that during
the nighttime. The concentration of atmospheric sub-3 nm particles on NPF
days has a strong seasonality while their seasonality on non-NPF days is
less pronounced. In addition to NPF as the most important source, we show
that vehicles can emit sub-3 nm particles as well, although their
influence on the measured aerosol population strongly depends on the
distance from the road.
Influence of shallow geothermal energy on the behaviour of organic contaminants of emerging concern in urban aquifers
Authors: Pujades Estanislao , Scheiber Laura , Teixidó Marc , Criollo Rotman , Nikolenko Olha , Vilarrasa Victor , Vázquez-Suñé Enric , Jurado Anna
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Urban aquifers are a valuable resource of freshwater for
cities, however, their quality is degraded due to the presence of organic
contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). The effects of organic CECs are
largely unknown, but there is evidence that they pose a risk for human
health, soil, plants and animals. Organic CECs are naturally degraded in
aquifers and their degradation rates depend on the physico-chemical
properties, i.e., redox conditions and groundwater temperature. Some
anthropogenic activities, like low-enthalpy geothermal energy (LEGE), may
modify subsurface physico-chemical conditions altering the behaviour of
organic CECs. LEGE is a renewable and carbon-free energy that allows
obtaining cooling and heating energy. The utilization of LEGE is currently
growing and it is expected that in a near future the density of LEGE systems
will increase. LEGE modifies the groundwater temperature and in some
situations the redox state (i.e., if the dissolved oxygen increases when
groundwater is returned to the aquifer as a result of a poorly design),
thus, it is of paramount importance to determine the impact of LEGE related
activities on the behaviour of organic CECs. The behaviour of organic CECs
under the influence of LEGE is investigated by means of
thermo-hydro-chemical numerical modelling. Simulation output shows that LEGE
activities have the potential to modify the degradation rates of organic
CECs, and thus, their concentrations in aquifers. In the simulated scenario,
the concentration of the chosen CEC decreases by the 77 % at the
downgradient boundary of the model. The results of this study have
significant implications for predicting the behaviour of organic CECs in
urban aquifers and suggest specific changes in the design of LEGE facilities
aiming to improve the quality of urban groundwater by boosting in-situ
attenuation mechanisms.
Algorithm theoretical basis for ozone and sulfur dioxide retrievals from DSCOVR EPIC
Authors: Huang Xinzhou , Yang Kai
Published: October 2022

Abstract. On board the Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR), the first Earth-observing satellite at the L1 point (the first Lagrangian point in the Earth–Sun system), the Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) continuously observes the entire sunlit face of the Earth. EPIC measures the solar backscattered and reflected radiances in 10 discrete spectral channels, four of which are in the ultraviolet (UV) range. These UV bands are selected primarily for total ozone (O3) and aerosol retrievals based on heritage algorithms developed for the series of Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometers (TOMS). These UV measurements also provide sensitive detection of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and volcanic ash, both of which may be episodically injected into the atmosphere during explosive volcanic eruptions. This paper presents the theoretical basis and mathematical procedures for the direct vertical column fitting (DVCF) algorithm used for retrieving total vertical columns of O3 and SO2 from DSCOVR EPIC. This paper describes algorithm advances, including an improved O3 profile representation that enables profile adjustments from multiple spectral measurements and the spatial optimal estimation (SOE) scheme that reduces O3 artifacts resulting from EPIC's band-to-band misregistrations. Furthermore, this paper discusses detailed error analyses and presents intercomparisons with correlative data to validate O3 and SO2 retrievals from EPIC.
Linking scales of sea ice surface topography: evaluation of ICESat-2 measurements with coincident helicopter laser scanning during MOSAiC
Authors: Ricker Robert , Fons Steven , Jutila Arttu , Hutter Nils , Duncan Kyle , Farrell Sinead L. , Kurtz Nathan T. , Fredensborg Hansen Renée Mie
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Information about the sea ice surface topography and related deformation are crucial for studies of sea ice mass balance, sea ice modeling, and ship navigation through the ice pack. NASA’s Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) has been on-orbit for nearly four years, sensing the sea ice surface topography with six laser beams capable of capturing individual features such as pressure ridges. To assess the capabilities and uncertainties of ICESat-2 products, coincident high-resolution measurements of the sea ice surface topography are required. During the year-long Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) Expedition in the Arctic Ocean, we successfully carried out a coincident underflight of ICESat-2 with a helicopter-based airborne laser scanner (ALS) achieving an overlap of more than 100 km. Despite the comparably short data set, the high resolution measurements on centimetre scales of the ALS can be used to evaluate the performance of ICESat-2 products. Our goal is to investigate how the sea ice surface roughness and topography is represented in different ICESat-2 products, and how sensitive ICESat-2 products are to leads and small cracks in the ice cover. Here we compare the ALS measurements with the ICESat-2’s primary sea ice height product, ATL07, and the high-fidelity surface elevation product developed by the University of Maryland (UMD). By applying a ridge-detection algorithm, we find that 16 % (4 %) of the number of obstacles in the ALS data set are found using the strong (weak) center beam in ATL07. Significantly higher detection rates of 42 % (30 %) are achieved when using the UMD product. Only one lead is indicated in ATL07 for the underflight, while the ALS reveals mostly small, narrow and only partly open cracks that appear to be overlooked by ATL07. More research on how even small leads can be detected by ATL07 using additional validation data sets and complementing measurements, such as airborne thermal infrared imaging, would be useful to further improve the sea ice data products.
Constraining low-frequency variability in climate projections to predict climate on decadal to multi-decadal timescales – a poor man's initialized prediction system
Authors: Mahmood Rashed , Donat Markus G. , Ortega Pablo , Doblas-Reyes Francisco J. , Delgado-Torres Carlos , Samsó Margarida , Bretonnière Pierre-Antoine
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Near-term projections of climate change are subject to substantial uncertainty from internal climate variability. Here we present an approach to reduce this uncertainty by sub-selecting those ensemble members that more closely resemble observed patterns of ocean temperature variability immediately prior to a certain start date. This constraint aligns the observed and simulated variability phases and is conceptually similar to initialization in seasonal to decadal climate predictions. We apply this variability constraint to large multi-model projection ensembles from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6), consisting of more than 200 ensemble members, and evaluate the skill of the constrained ensemble in predicting the observed near-surface temperature, sea-level pressure, and precipitation on decadal to multi-decadal timescales. We find that the constrained projections show significant skill in predicting the climate of the following 10 to 20 years, and added value over the ensemble of unconstrained projections. For the first decade after applying the constraint, the global patterns of skill are very similar and can even outperform those of the multi-model ensemble mean of initialized decadal hindcasts from the CMIP6 Decadal Climate Prediction Project (DCPP). In particular for temperature, larger areas show added skill in the constrained projections compared to DCPP, mainly in the Pacific and some neighboring land regions. Temperature and sea-level pressure in several regions are predictable multiple decades ahead, and show significant added value over the unconstrained projections for forecasting the first 2 decades and the 20-year averages. We further demonstrate the suitability of regional constraints to attribute predictability to certain ocean regions. On the example of global average temperature changes, we confirm the role of Pacific variability in modulating the reduced rate of global warming in the early 2000s, and demonstrate the predictability of reduced global warming rates over the following 15 years based on the climate conditions leading up to 1998. Our results illustrate that constraining internal variability can significantly improve the accuracy of near-term climate change estimates for the next few decades.
The Role of Internal Variability in Regional Climate Change
Authors: Deser Clara , Phillips Adam S.
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Disentangling the effects of internal variability and anthropogenic forcing on regional climate change remains a key challenge with far-reaching implications. Due to its largely unpredictable nature on timescales longer than a decade, internal climate variability limits the accuracy of climate model projections, introduces challenges in attributing past climate changes, and complicates climate model evaluation. Here, we highlight recent advances in climate modeling and physical understanding that have led to novel insights on these key issues. In particular, we synthesize new findings from Large Ensemble simulations with Earth System Models, Observational Large Ensembles, and “dynamical adjustment” methodologies, with a focus on European climate.
In situ measurements of meltwater flow through snow and firn in the accumulation zone of the SW Greenland Ice Sheet
Authors: Clerx Nicole , Machguth Horst , Tedstone Andrew , Jullien Nicolas , Wever Nander , Weingartner Rolf , Roessler Ole
Published: October 2022

Abstract. The Greenland Ice Sheet is losing mass, part of which is caused by increasing runoff. The location of the runoff limit, the highest elevation from which meltwater finds its way off the ice sheet, plays an important role in the surface mass balance of the ice sheet. The recently observed rise in runoff area might be related to an increasing amount of refreezing: ice layer development in the firn reduces vertical percolation and promotes lateral runoff. To investigate meltwater flow near the runoff limit in the accumulation zone on the southwestern Greenland Ice Sheet, we carried out in situ measurements of hydrological processes and properties of firn and snow. The hydraulic conductivity of icy firn in pre-melt conditions measured using a portable lysimeter ranges from 0.17 to 12.8 m h−1, with flow predominantly occurring through preferential flow fingers. Lateral flow velocities of meltwater on top of the near-surface ice slab, measured at the peak of the melt season by salt dilution and tracer experiments, range from 1.3 to
15.1 m h−1. With these lateral flow velocities, the distance between the slush limit, the highest elevation where liquid water is visible on the ice sheet surface, and the runoff limit could be roughly 4 km in regions where near-surface ice slabs are present. These measurements are a first step towards an integrated set of hydrological properties of firn on the SW Greenland Ice Sheet and show evidence that meltwater runoff may occur from elevations above the visible runoff area.
Estimating surface melt in Antarctica from 1979 to 2022, using a statistically parameterized positive degree-day model
Authors: Zheng Yaowen , Golledge Nicholas R. , Gossart Alexandra , Picard Ghislain , Leduc-Leballeur Marion
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Surface melt is one of the primary drivers of ice shelf collapse in Antarctica. Surface melting is expected to increase in the future as the global climate continues to warm, because there is a statistically significant positive relationship between air temperature and melt. Enhanced surface melt will negatively impact the mass balance of the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) and, through dynamic feedbacks, induce changes in global mean sea level (GMSL). However, current understanding of surface melt in Antarctica remains limited in past, present or future contexts. Continental-scale spaceborne observations of surface melt are limited to the satellite era (1979–present), meaning that current estimates of Antarctic surface melt are typically derived from surface energy balance (SEB) or positive degree-day (PDD) models. SEB models require diverse and detailed input data that are not always available and require considerable computational resources. The PDD model, by comparison, has fewer input and computational requirements and is therefor suited for exploring surface melt scenarios in the past and future. The use of PDD schemes for Antarctic melt has been less extensively explored than their application to surface melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet, particularly in terms of a spatially-varying parameterization. Here, we construct a PDD model, force it only with 2-m air temperature reanalysis data, and parameterize it by minimizing the error with respect to satellite observations and SEB model outputs over the period 1979 to 2022. We compare the spatial and temporal variability of surface melt from our PDD model over the last 43 years with that of satellite observations and SEB simulations. We find that the PDD model can generally capture the same spatial and temporal surface melt patterns. Although there were at most four years over/under- estimation on ice shelf regions in the epoch, these discrepancies reduce when considering the whole AIS. With the limitations discussed, we suggest that an appropriately parameterized PDD model can be a valuable tool for exploring Antarctic surface melt beyond the satellite era.
Recurrent Rossby waves and south-eastern Australian heatwaves
Authors: Ali S. Mubashshir , Röthlisberger Matthias , Parker Tess , Kornhuber Kai , Martius Olivia
Published: October 2022

Abstract. In the Northern Hemisphere, recurrence of transient synoptic-scale Rossby
wave packets in the same phase over periods of days to weeks, termed RRWPs,
may repeatedly create similar surface weather conditions. This recurrence
can lead to persistent surface anomalies. Here, we first demonstrate the
significance of RRWPs for persistent hot spells in the Southern Hemisphere
(SH) using the ERA-Interim (ERA-I) reanalysis dataset and then examine the role of RRWPs
and blocks for heatwaves over south-eastern Australia (SEA). A Weibull regression analysis shows that RRWPs are statistically associated
with a significant increase in the duration of hot spells over several
regions in the SH, including SEA. Two case studies of heatwaves in SEA in
the summers of 2004 and 2009 illustrate the role of RRWPs in forming
recurrent ridges (anticyclonic potential vorticity – PV – anomalies), aiding in
the persistence of the heatwaves. Then, using a weather-station-based
dataset to identify SEA heatwaves, we find that SEA heatwaves are more
frequent than climatology during days with extreme RRWPs activity over SEA
(high RSEA). On days with both high RSEA and heatwaves, circumglobal zonal wavenumber 4 and 5 (WN4, WN5) anomaly patterns are present in the composite
mean of the upper-level PV field, with an anticyclonic PV anomaly over SEA.
The Fourier decomposition of the PV and meridional wind velocity fields
further reveals that the WN4 and WN5 components in the suitable phase aids
in forming the ridge over SEA for days with high RSEA. In addition, we
find anomalous blocking over the Indian and the South Pacific oceans during
SEA heatwaves, which may help to modulate the phase of RRWPs.
Offshore reanalysis wind speed assessment across the wind turbine rotor layer off the United States Pacific coast
Authors: Sheridan Lindsay M. , Krishnamurthy Raghu , García Medina Gabriel , Gaudet Brian J. , Gustafson Jr. William I. , Mahon Alicia M. , Shaw William J. , Newsom Rob K. , Pekour Mikhail , Yang Zhaoqing
Published: October 2022

Abstract. The California Pacific coast is characterized by considerable wind resource and areas of dense population, propelling interest in offshore wind
energy as the United States moves toward a sustainable and decarbonized energy future. Reanalysis models continue to serve the wind energy community in a multitude of ways, and the need for validation in locations where observations have been historically limited, such as offshore environments, is strong. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) owns two lidar buoys that collect wind speed observations across the wind turbine rotor layer along with meteorological and oceanographic data near the surface to characterize the wind resource. Lidar buoy data collected from recent deployments off the northern California coast near Humboldt County and the central California coast near Morro Bay allow for validation of commonly used reanalysis products. In this article, wind speeds from the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA-2), the Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2), the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR), the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis version 5 (ERA5), and the analysis system of the Rapid Refresh (RAP) are validated at heights within the wind turbine rotor layer ranging from 50 to 100 m. The validation results offer guidance on the performance and uncertainty associated with utilizing reanalyses for offshore wind resource characterization, providing the offshore wind energy community with information on the conditions that lead to reanalysis error. At both California coast locations, the reanalyses tend to underestimate the observed rotor-level wind resource. Occasions of large reanalysis error occur in conjunction with stable atmospheric conditions, wind speeds associated with peak turbine power production (> 10 m s−1), and mischaracterization of the diurnal wind speed cycle in summer months.
Grandes mujeres científicas: Maud Leonora Menten
Authors: Actis Andrea M.
Published: October 2022

Maud Leonora Menten nació en Canadá, tuvo cuatro títulos universitarios: Bachiller en Artes, Master en Fisiología, médica y Doctora en Bioquímica. Trabajó en Estados Unidos, Alemania y Canadá. Trabajó en diferentes áreas: en la distribución de los iones cloruro en el sistema nervioso central, en tumores experimentales y su tratamiento con bromuro de radio, en el equilibrio ácido-base durante la anestesia, en el mecanismo hiperglucemiante de toxinas bacterianas, en el descubrimiento de un mecanismo de acoplamiento en química orgánica y hasta en la electroforesis de las hemoglobinas humanas. Sin embargo, el aporte por el cual es más conocida es su trabajo en el estudio de la cinética enzimática junto a Leonor Michaelis en 1913. El propósito de este trabajo es exponer la vida personal y académica de una científica conocida por la gran mayoría de los profesionales de la salud. La mujer que a principios del siglo XX trabajó con grandes investigadores de Canadá, Estados Unidos y Alemania, cuyos aportes científicos fueron reconocidos muchas décadas después.
El bisturí y el pincel
Authors: Leone Massimo
Published: October 2022

El artículo adopta el marco de la semiótica cultural del último Lotman para replantear una espinosa cuestión contemporánea, a saber, el difuso antagonismo contra la ciencia, la medicina y las vacunas durante la actual pandemia de COVID-19. El artículo interpreta esta animadversión irracional como el resultado de una dialéctica que proviene al menos del origen de la modernidad, y precisamente de la oposición entre una ideología semiótica de quietud, regularidad y orden, que sustenta la génesis de la ciencia moderna, y una ideología semiótica opuesta de movimiento, irregularidad y caos, que caracteriza la mayor parte de la estética moderna del idealismo y de la singularidad. Tras explorar esta oposición a través de un texto cultural crucial situado en el inicio de la tensión entre estas dos actitudes diferentes hacia el sentido y la vida, el artículo concluye que las ciencias y la medicina modernas deben seguir buscando regularidades en el mundo y en el cuerpo, en aras de mejorar la calidad de la vida humana, pero también deben aprender de la semiótica cultural de las ideologías estéticas: en tiempos de incertidumbre y agitación epistémica, los viejos mitos que ensalzan la singularidad del cuerpo tienden a resurgir, poniendo en peligro la credibilidad de la medicina.
Haz lo que yo digo pero no lo que yo hago: 30 años de cobertura de regulación estatal de medios en Argentina
Authors: Boczkowski Pablo J. , Mitchelstein Eugenia , Giuliano Camila , Ferro Josefina
Published: October 2022

La independencia del periodismo y el pluralismo son componentes fundamentales de la libertad de expresión, invocados de manera frecuente por los medios de comunicación para defender o criticar propuestas de regulación de medios. Sin embargo, la cobertura mediática sobre este tema ha recibido escasa atención por parte de los estudios de política públicas. Este trabajo analiza la evolución de la cobertura sobre regulación de medios en los diarios argentinos Clarín y Página/12 a lo largo de cuatro décadas, para dar cuenta de los cambios y continuidades en el discurso sobre independencia editorial en dos medios. Para ello, se examinan los artículos publicados durante los años 1988, 1998, 2008 y 2018 sobre regulación y proyectos de regulación de medios y telecomunicaciones (n=140). Este trabajo contribuye a la literatura sobre los vínculos entre los ideales y la práctica periodística, identificando la utilización de diferentes estrategias de los dos diarios para defender su posición a lo largo de los años analizados. En las conclusiones, reflexiona sobre la distancia entre el ideal periodístico y la práctica profesional, en una escena mediática concentrada y polarizada.
Los memes como jerga del lenguaje digital
Authors: Aladro Vico Eva , Jardón Clemente María
Published: October 2022

Este texto discurre sobre los memes como nuevo lenguaje en el contexto de los medios digitales. Enuncia diversas hipótesis sobre la función alfabetizadora de los memes, y describe los aspectos que relacionan a la pragmática del meme con los lenguajes generativos y transformacionales. Una vez establecida la naturaleza lingüística de los memes, el texto describe estos como sociolecto o antilenguaje asociados a grupos generacionales, subculturas o grupos sociales específicos, que mediante las operaciones características de los sociolectos acceden al sentido de comunidad, generan instancias específicas de sentido y se definen como sistema traductor de las anteriores formas culturales.
El metalenguaje político y la producción de ideología
Authors: Alonso Aldama Juan
Published: October 2022

El objetivo de este articulo es describir los mecanismos semióticos de las correlaciones semánticas que la comunicación política crea con el fin de convertirlas en "gramáticas políticas" y, por tanto, en "normas". Se trata, pues, de estudiar la transformación a través de operaciones de "síntesis de lo heterogéneo" realizadas por la vinculación de elementos del discurso político con otros pertenecientes a paradigmas semánticos en principio completamente ajenos a éste, con el objetivo de producir generalizaciones explicativas del mundo político en su totalidad. Este tipo de operaciones, que se inician a nivel de los textos y que acaban produciendo metasemióticas políticas, son posibles gracias a una propiedad especifica del lenguaje, a saber, la de su “elasticidad”.
Living like a local: geografías de Airbnb
Authors: Addis Cristina
Published: October 2022

El artículo se centra en las fotografías que acompañan a la oferta de alojamiento a través de Airbnb en el territorio de Siena, con el fin de estudiar la acción semiótica de turistificación del territorio desencadenada y acelerada por las plataformas, un proceso de construcción y gestión del sentido de la habitación, la casa y la ciudad en términos de objeto de consumo turístico.

El análisis trata de indagar en la opacidad discursiva de la plataforma, en sus formas específicas de construir miradas y puntos de vista sobre los lugares y de convertirlos en objetos de conocimiento y deseo, rastreando imágenes e imaginarios en los que chocan tensiones individualizadoras y normalizadoras, mostrando la dinámica que estructura la semiosfera de Airnbnb
Bir Yenilikçilik Konsepti Olarak İnovasyonun Kuramsal Çerçevesinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Şimşek Gökhan , Giray Rasim
Published: October 2022

In this study, the importance of innovative ideas that are open to change and development will be examined by focusing on the theoretical framework of the concept of innovation as an innovation concept. New ideas and projects cannot turn into innovation, and therefore into a competitive advantage, without entrepreneurship. If innovation comes together with entrepreneurship, it creates economic value. Dec. For this reason, an innovative and dynamic understanding focused on innovation underlies a successful innovation. Innovation is seen as a modern approach that is open to change and development and creates new employment opportunities while preparing a creative, energetic working environment for enterprises. In addition, innovation is an element that increases the competent employee and customer dependence of the enterprise and ensures customer satisfaction. Enterprises need to adapt to the environment and time due to the fact that it is an open system. One of the most important elements in achieving this harmony is innovation. A business that does not have an understanding of innovation will also lack the ability to develop and survive. Key Words: Innovation, Change, Continuity, Innovative Thoughts
FEATURES OF DIETARY FEEDING OF SPORT HORSES WITH THE DISORDERS OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
Authors: Sharaskina O. G. , Bgantseva Yu. S.
Published: October 2022

The diet of a horse with the musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) in the treatment period should provide it enough energy and nutrient requirements, but not provoke excessive activity and mobility, which can cause a decrease in the recovery effectiveness. There are no exact recommendations for veterinary specialists on the features of making ration for the horses with MSD. The aim of our study was to explore the practice of feeding horses with MSD, and to assess the influence of the diets composition on the factors influencing the processes of treatment and recovery. For this purpose, we assessed and analyzed the diets of sports horses (n=65) during the period of treatment of the MSD of various etiologies, in terms of compliance with their needs. It was found that in the absence of factors that reduce the efficiency of the gastrointestinal tract, the need for metabolic energy and crude protein can be fully met by roughage (hay). But without balancers or specialized additives, there is a significant lack of micronutrients (I, Zn, Cu) in the diets and a violation of the Ca, P, Mg ratio with a significant excess of Ca, even if only hay is used, without additional feed and additives. Excess of metabolizable energy (ME) is observed even in "only hay" diets, and with the introduction of additional feeds, it increases greatly, which leads to an increase in body condition score or the need to use sedative supplements and behavioral drugs. When organizing the diet, it is necessary to control the total content of ME by limiting the quantity or reducing the calorie content of roughage (replacement with less nutritious, soaking, etc.), limiting the quantity of additional feed.
ANATOMICAL AND TOPOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF BRANCHING OF MAMMARY GLAND ARTERIES IN AN ANGLO-NUBIAN GOAT BREED
Authors: Shchipakin M. V. , Zelenevsky N. V. , Bylinskaya D. S. , Khvatov V. A.
Published: October 2022

Milk productivity is one of the most important economically useful indicators for which selection is carried out. The level of milk productivity depends on heredity, physiological state, conditions of feeding and use of animals. All other things being equal, the level of milk productivity depends on the breed of the animal. To date, many studies have been conducted on vascular vascularization of the mammary gland in ruminants, but few of them concerned the application of anatomical features of the course and branching of vessels in possible surgical and obstetric-gynecological interventions. In connection with the above about the relevance of breast research, we set a goal to study the anatomical and topographic features of the branching of the arteries of the mammary gland in a goat, and use the Anglo –Nubian breed as a model. The study was conducted on the basis of the Department of Animal Anatomy of the St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine. The dated material was delivered from the farm of the Moscow region of the Russian Federation "Gzhelskoe podvorye". The age of the studied animals was 1 year and older. The age was determined from the words of the chief veterinarian of the farm "Gzhel farmstead", as well as according to the bonus cards and according to the dental formula of the methodology of Professor I.I. Kalugin, a total of 15 individuals were studied. During the study, such methods as: fine anatomical dissection, vascularization, morphometry, photographing were used. According to the results of the study, species and breed anatomical and topographic features of the branching of the arteries of the mammary gland in the goat of the Anglo-Nubian breed were established. The main sources of breast vascularization in the Anglo-Nubian goat breed have been identified. These studies can be used by veterinary specialists in farms and large livestock complexes for breeding goats during surgical and obstetricgynecological manipulations.
DEGENERATIVE DISEASES OF THE INTERVERTEBRAL DISC IN DOGS OF HOME LIVING CONDITIONS
Authors: Plotnikova D. D. , Lebedev M. N.
Published: October 2022

To date, degenerative diseases of the intervertebral discs in dogs of chondrodystrophoid breeds, such as dachshunds, French bulldogs, pugs, corgis, etc., is one of the most pressing problems, as these breeds are becoming increasingly popular, and there are more opportunities for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. The purpose of our study was to study the course of neurological pathological processes that occur as a result of compression on the spinal cord in dogs of different ages in home conditions.

The study involved 20 dogs of different ages with clinical signs characteristic of the disease, the focus of which is localized in the spinal column. Clinical signs were expressed in paresis or plegia of the pelvic or all extremities, ataxia, absence of deep pain sensitivity. Based on the anamnesis data and specific findings during the examination, all patients were recommended to undergo magnetic resonance imaging of certain segments of the spinal column with intravenous administration of a contrast agent. As a result of our studies, extrusions (Hansen 1) were detected in almost all dogs, and in 60% of cases the lesion was located between the 3rd thoracic and 3rd lumbar vertebra, which was indicated by certain symptoms and subsequently by MRI.
INFLUENCE OF THYMOGEN IN DISEASES OF HOOVES IN MOOSES ON INDICATORS OF MINERAL, PIGMENT AND LIPID METABOLISM
Authors: Reshetnyak V. V. , Burdeyniy V. V. , Malakhova L. V. , Yelokhin M. D. , Stekolnikov A. A.
Published: October 2022

Data are presented that reflect the indicators of mineral, pigment and lipid metabolism in domesticated elks with hoof damage in standard treatment, as well as in combination with thymogen.

The study was performed on three groups of breeding stock 2 months before calving: control - healthy animals (n = 10) and two experimental animals (n = 3 in each): group 1 - with mild damage to the hooves (basic treatment regimen ), 2nd - with more severe and with additional inclusion in the treatment regimen of a five-day course of thymogen at a dose of 300 μg/head, intramuscularly.

Blood for the study was taken before, on the 14th and 30th day of the experiment. Serum-ku was obtained by the conventional method.

It was shown that a mild degree of damage to the hooves was accompanied by an increase in the level of calcium, sodium, magnesium, cholesterol, triglycerides, calcium-phosphorus ratio, a decrease in chlorine, phosphorus, potassium, total and direct bilirubin, osmolarity, and in more severe cases, an increase phosphorus, sodium, triglycerides against the background of a decrease in other components.

The additional inclusion of thymogen in the scheme of therapeutic treatments in animals with a severe degree of damage contributed to a greater extent to the normalization of mineral metabolism, as evidenced by the indicators at the final stage of the experiments, which are closer to those of healthy animals than in the 1st experimental group. . The use of an immunocorrector minimized disturbances in pigment and lipid metabolism.
GRM8 GENE POLYMORPHISM AND STALLION SPERM QUALITY
Authors: Nikitkina E. V. , Krutikova A. A. , Musidray A. A.
Published: October 2022

Genome-Wide Association Studies fertility will allow further selection of animals at the genomic level, and genomic selection will allow the selection of animals with good spermatogenesis at an early age. After our GWAS, several candidate genes associated with stallion sperm quality were identified. One of these genes was the GRM8 gene. In the course of Sanger sequencing studies, four SNPs were identified in the exon of the GRM8 gene and their association with the quality of stallion sperm was carried out. For the rs1138419111 genotype, no significant differences were found in the studied parameters. According to the identified single nucleotide substitution rs1147388106, the largest volume of ejaculate was in stallions with the GG genotype. According to SNP rs395286150, stallions with the heterozygous CT genotype had the best sperm quality. Analysis of data on the SNP rs394524550 revealed a significant effect of the genotype on progressive motility. Three of the four SNPs identified in the exon of the GRM8 gene are significantly associated with such indicators of stallion sperm quality as ejaculate volume, concentration, and progressive motility. Project of the Ministry of Education and Science No. 121052600354-7.