bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Tantas veces me mataron…”. Sobre las muchas muertes de la etnomusicología y el constante sentimiento de crisis en la disciplina
Authors:   Institut für Musikwissenschaft, Universität Wien (Viena-Austria), Mendívil Julio
Published: June 2023

En este artículo retomo la discusión sobre la pertinencia o no de la etnomusicología en el espectro académico de la musicología en general. Remitiéndome al concepto de crisis de la teoría de las revoluciones científicas de Thomas Kuhn (2006), sostengo que una situación de incertidumbre en una disciplina académica puede ser de provecho para la búsqueda de nuevas estrategias de investigación que nos lleven a una práctica disciplinar decolonial e inclusiva.
Nuevas herramientas conceptuales para un mundo que cambia: El posthumanismo
Authors:   Institució Milà i Fontanals d’Investigació en Humanitats (CSIC), (Barcelona-España), Martí Josep
Published: June 2023

El posthumanismo es una corriente intelectual surgida a finales del siglo XX que busca superar las visiones propias del humanismo tradicional, como la conceptualización del ser humano. Representa una crítica a algunos aspectos centrales del pensamiento humanista, especialmente aquellos que tienen que ver con cómo se entiende la realidad y el ser humano. Los aspectos más importantes que lo caracterizan son el postantropocentrismo y la conceptualización del ser humano no como un agente autónomo sino situado en un imbricado sistema de relaciones. Postantropocentrismo implica no considerar al ser humano por encima de todo lo que le rodea, lo que significa reconocer la importancia de las relaciones y la relacionalidad propia del posthumanismo. La relación es lo que da emergencia a la identidad del yo, y lo que importa es cómo, con quién y con qué nos relacionamos. El posthumanismo representa una crítica al esencialismo, al universalismo propios del humanismo, al pensamiento binarista y no considera al ser humano como un agente libre, sino como un producto de las fuerzas impersonales de la historia y la cultura, y por tanto, el ser humano no puede hablar en nombre de un ser humano universal. El posthumanismo tiene importantes consecuencias sociales, ya que implica una crítica a visiones sesgadas como las del etnocentrismo, eurocentrismo o androcentrismo.
La película de la precariedad. Ensayo a mar abierto
Authors:   Doctor en filosofía y escritor (Alicante-España), López Alós Javier
Published: June 2023

En el presente ensayo se propone una exposición de algunas de las características principales de la subjetividad precaria estudiadas en la obra del autor Crítica de la razón precaria. La vida intelectual ante la obligación de lo extraordinario (2019) a través de la película Open Water 2. A la deriva (2006). El largometraje cuenta la historia de un grupo de jóvenes que se ven atrapados en mar abierto después de haberse lanzado al agua desde la embarcación sin haber desplegado nadie la escalerilla para subir de nuevo. Esta situación sirve como metáfora para la descripción de la experiencia de la precariedad y sus consecuencias. Asimismo, se plantean una serie de consideraciones acerca de la relación entre precariedad y el futuro de las ciencias sociales y humanas.
Notas etnográficas sobre ser-en-red, proxémica y ontología
Authors:   Instituto de Ciencias Antropológicas, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Buenos Aires (Buenos Aires-Argentina), Wright Pablo
Published: June 2023

Este breve ensayo reflexiona sobre las consecuencias de la cuarentena a partir de la pandemia del SARS-COVID-19 que afectó el mundo entre 2020 y 2022. Analizo el impacto de este encerramiento obligatorio desde un enfoque antropológico, especialmente teniendo en cuanto las dimensiones existenciales de la corporalidad y cómo las mediaciones tecnológicas digitales llevaron a la emergencia de modos de proxémica e intersubjetividad telemática originales. El análisis evalúa de modo preliminar el impacto de la pandemia y la cuarentena y la prospectiva de la instalación de estas tecnologías sobre la constitución ontológica humana contemporánea.
A importância da Álgebra Abstrata para a formação inicial de professores de Matemática
Authors: Ferreira Nilton Cezar , Onuchic Lourdes De la Rosa
Published: June 2023

Resultado de uma pesquisa que buscou investigar a necessidade de uma das disciplinas obrigatórias para a formação de professores de Matemática. Essa disciplina, comumente intitulada Álgebra Abstrata, ou Estruturas Algébricas, ou Álgebra Moderna, é motivo de polêmica por ser constituída de conteúdos (Grupos, Anéis, Corpos, etc.) que, aparentemente, não têm relação com a prática do professor da Educação Básica. Para alcançar o objetivo proposto, foi feita uma Intervenção Pedagógica em uma turma de Licenciatura em Matemática de uma instituição pública de ensino superior. Nessa intervenção, foram levados em consideração vários tipos de conhecimentos necessários à formação do professor de Matemática. Por meio de uma análise qualitativa constatou-se que a disciplina investigada, quando trabalhada adequadamente, com foco na formação do professor de Matemática, pode promover no aluno, além de uma boa formação matemática, o desenvolvimento da capacidade argumentativa, melhorando seu entendimento sobre simbologias e terminologias necessárias à linguagem matemática escrita e falada; promover o desenvolvimento cognitivo dos estudantes, como sua capacidade de fazer, ou pelo menos entender, uma demonstração matemática; promover uma mudança de postura sobre o cuidado de fazer afirmações sem saber justificá-las; desenvolver a capacidade para encontrar padrões e fazer generalizações, dentre outras.
Prototipação de um jogo digital com o suporte da Engenharia Didático-Informática
Authors: Lima José Vitor Ramos de , Bellemain Franck Gilbert René
Published: June 2023

Este artigo é um recorte de uma pesquisa de mestrado e teve como objetivo desenvolver um protótipo de uma versão digital do Jogo do Nim alinhado metodologicamente pela Engenharia Didático-Informática (EDI). Os referenciais teóricos abrangeram a Teoria dos Jogos Combinatórios de Teixeira (2013) e a Teoria das Situações Didáticas de Brousseau (1998, 2008), adotando-se pressupostos baseados na Engenharia Didático-Informática como metodologia de pesquisa, uma vez que o objetivo foi relacionado a prototipar um jogo digital com uma visão educacional. A discussão das análises com os participantes através do fórum se mostrou de grande potencial para evolução das versões dos protótipos na plataforma Scratch. Com isso, o modelo de processo de software que utilizamos, a EDI, possibilitou um percurso metodológico interessante para a produção de uma versão digital do Jogo do Nim com Uma Pilha.
Investigating the relationship between COVID-19 and total oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity in individuals
Authors: OĞLAKÇI İLHAN Ayşegül , SİREKBASAN Serhat , YARIMÇAN Filiz , İSTANBULLU Ayşe
Published: June 2023

Free oxygen radicals are effective in the development and progression of viral infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of oxidative stress in individuals who have been diagnosed with COVID-19, a viral disease nowadays. The study was carried out between March 2021 and June 2021. Blood samples of 50 patients who applied to Medipol University Faculty of Medicine with suspected COVID-19 infection, whose clinical and molecular diagnoses were corrected and were taken for routine evaluations, were included in this study. In the healthy group, 50 serum samples taken before the COVID-19 pandemic were used. Total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) levels were measured, and the data collected were then statistically compared. The TAS level in the COVID-19 group (1.470±0.269) was lower than the healthy group TAS level (1.491±0.286), but it was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The TOS level in COVID-19 group was 13.962 (3.02±36.35) while it was low as 7.925 (1.19±15.03) in the healthy group. The high TOS value in the COVID-19 group was found to be statistically significant compared to the healthy group (p
Implementasi Model Pembelajaran GI (Group Investigation) untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPA Tema 9 “Menjelajah Angkasa Luar” bagi Siswa Kelas VI SD Negeri Tlogosari Kulon 03 Semarang
Authors: Rubiyati Rubiyati
Published: June 2023

Berdasarkan latar belakang masalah yang telah diuraikan di atas, maka dapat diidentifikasikan beberapa masalah sebagai berikut : siswa kurang mampu menguasai pembelajaran IPA kelas VI semester genap SD Negeri Tlogosari Kulon 03. Dari 39 anak hanya 14 anak (35,90%) yang mencapai KKM. Upaya guru untuk meningkatkan kemampuan hasil belajar IPA Tema 9 “Menjelajah Angkasa Luar” dengan menggunakan GI (Group Investigation) pada siswa kelas VI semester genap SD Negeri Tlogosari Kulon 03 Semarang. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis PTK (penelitian tindakan kelas), dilaksanakan di SD Negeri Tlogosari Kulon 03 Kecamatan Pedurungan, Kota Semarang pada bulan Februari– April 2022. Subjek penelitian tindakan kelas ini adalah: siswa Kelas VI yang berjumlah 39 siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) Pembelajaran dengan menggunakana GI (Group Investigation) dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada Tema 9 “Menjelajah Angkasa Luar”  pelajaran IPA Kelas VI di SD Negeri Tlogosari Kulon 03 Kec. Pedurungan Kota Semarang yang ditandai dengan peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dalam setiap siklus, yaitu prasiklus  64,41; siklus I rata-rata 71,90 dan siklus II rata-rata 79,90; (2) Pembelajaran dengan menggunakan GI (Group Investigation) dapat meningkatkan ketuntasan hasil belajar siswa pada Tema 9 “Menjelajah Angkasa Luar”  pelajaran IPA Kelas VI di SD Negeri Tlogosari Kulon 03 Kec. Pedurungan Kota Semarang  yang ditandai dengan peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dalam setiap siklus, yaitu prasiklus 35,90%; pada sikus I meningkat menjadi 69,23% dan siklus II mencapai 84,62%. Kesimpulan penelitian ini yaitu hasil belajar dan ketuntasan belajar siswa dalam pelajaran IPA pada Tema 9 “Menjelajah Angkasa Luar” dapat meningkat menerapkan GI (Group Investigation) siswa kelas VI Semester 2 SD Negeri Tlogosari Kulon 03 Kecamatan Pedurungan Kota Semarang Tahun Pelajaran 2021/2022.
Ambient carbonaceous aerosol levels in Cyprus and the role of pollution transport from the Middle East
Authors: Christodoulou Aliki , Stavroulas Iasonas , Vrekoussis Mihalis , Desservettaz Maximillien , Pikridas Michael , Bimenyimana Elie , Kushta Jonilda , Ivančič Matic , Rigler Martin , Goloub Philippe , Oikonomou Konstantina , Sarda-Estève Roland , Savvides Chrysanthos , Afif Charbel , Mihalopoulos Nikos , Sauvage Stéphane , Sciare Jean
Published: June 2023

Abstract. The geographical origin and source apportionment of submicron carbonaceous aerosols (organic aerosols, OAs, and black carbon, BC) have been investigated here for the first time, deploying high time-resolution measurements at an urban background site of Nicosia, the capital
city of Cyprus, in the eastern Mediterranean. This study covers a half-year
period, encompassing both the cold and warm periods with continuous
observations of the physical and chemical properties of PM1 performed
with an Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM), an aethalometer,
accompanied by a suite of various ancillary offline and online measurements. Carbonaceous aerosols were dominant during both seasons (cold and warm periods), with a contribution of 57 % and 48 % to PM1, respectively, and exhibited recurrent intense nighttime peaks (> 20–30 µg m−3) during the cold period, associated with local domestic heating. The findings of this study show that high concentrations of sulfate (close to 3 µg m−3) were continuously recorded, standing among the highest ever reported for Europe and originating from the Middle East region. Source apportionment of the OA and BC fractions was performed using the
positive matrix factorization (PMF) approach and the combination of two
models (aethalometer model and multilinear regression), respectively. Our
study revealed elevated hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA)
concentrations in Nicosia (among the highest reported for a European urban
background site), originating from a mixture of local and regional
fossil fuel combustion sources. Although air masses from the Middle East had
a low occurrence and were observed mostly during the cold period, they were
shown to strongly affect the mean concentrations levels of BC and OA in
Nicosia during both seasons. Overall, the present study brings to our
attention the need to further characterize primary and secondary
carbonaceous aerosols in the Middle East, an undersampled region
characterized by continuously increasing fossil fuel (oil and gas) emissions
and extreme environmental conditions, which can contribute to photochemical
ageing.
Combined sun-photometer/lidar inversion: lessons learned during the EARLINET/ACTRIS COVID-19 Campaign
Authors: Tsekeri Alexandra , Gialitaki Anna , Di Paolantonio Marco , Dionisi Davide , Liberti Gian Luigi , Fernandes Alnilam , Szkop Artur , Pietruczuk Aleksander , Pérez-Ramírez Daniel , Granados Muñoz Maria J. , Guerrero-Rascado Juan Luis , Alados-Arboledas Lucas , Bermejo-Pantaleón Diego , Bravo-Aranda Juan Antonio , Kampouri Anna , Marinou Eleni , Amiridis Vassilis , Sicard Michael , Comerón Adolfo , Muñoz-Porcar Constantino , Rodríguez-Gómez Alejandro , Romano Salvatore , Perrone Maria Rita , Shang Xiaoxia , Komppula Mika , Mamouri Rodanthi-Elisavet , Nisantzi Argyro , Hadjimitsis Diofantos , Navas-Guzmán Francisco , Haefele Alexander , Szczepanik Dominika , Tomczak Artur , Stachlewska Iwona , Belegante Livio , Nicolae Doina , Voudouri Kalliopi Artemis , Balis Dimitris , Floutsi Athina A. , Baars Holger , Miladi Linda , Pascal Nicolas , Dubovik Oleg , Lopatin Anton
Published: June 2023

Abstract. The European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET), part of the Aerosols, Clouds and Trace gases Research Infrastructure (ACTRIS), organized an intensive observational campaign in May 2020, with the objective of monitoring the atmospheric state over Europe during the COVID-19 lockdown and relaxation period. Besides the standard operational processing of the lidar data in EARLINET, for seven EARLINET sites having co-located sun-photometric observations in AERONET, a network exercise was held in order to derive profiles of the concentration and effective-column size distributions of the aerosols in the atmosphere, by applying the GRASP/GARRLiC inversion algorithm. The objective of this network exercise was to explore the possibility to identify the anthropogenic component and to monitor its spatial and temporal characteristics in the COVID-19 lockdown and relaxation period. While the number of cases are far from being statistically significant so as to provide a conclusive description of the atmospheric aerosols over Europe during this period, this network exercise was fundamental to derive a common methodology for applying GRASP/GARRLiC on a network of instruments with different characteristics. The limits of the approach are discussed, in particular the missing information close to the ground in the lidar measurements due to the instrument geometry, and the sensitivity of the GRASP/GARRLiC retrieval to the settings used, especially for cases with low AOD as the ones we show here. We found that this sensitivity is well-characterized in the GRASP/GARRLiC products, since it is included in their retrieval uncertainties.
Performance assessment of state-of-the-art and novel methods for remote compliance monitoring of sulphur emissions from shipping
Authors: Beecken Jörg , Weigelt Andreas , Griesel Simone , Mellqvist Johan , Conde Alexander Vladimir , van Dinther Daniëlle , Duyzer Jan , Knudsen Jon , Knudsen Bettina , Ntziachristos Leonidas
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Sulphur emissions to the air from sea-going and inland vessels were measured simultaneously by eight different, state-of-the-art and novel, monitoring systems during a six-week campaign at the Elbe River, at about 10 km distance to the port of Hamburg, Germany. Both, stationary, and airborne systems on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) were operated by four participating partners in a side-by-side measurement setup to observe the same emission sources under similar conditions. A novel laser spectrometer with significantly better precision specifications as compared to the other instruments was used for the first time for emission monitoring regarding MARPOL Annex VI regulations. The comparison took place in the Northern European Sulphur Emission Control Area (SECA) where the allowed Fuel Sulphur Content (FSC) is limited to 0.10 %Sm/m. In total, 966 plumes that originated from 436 different vessels were analysed in this study. At the same time, fuel samples, obtained from 34 different vessels, and bunker delivery notes (BDN) from five frequently monitored vessels were used as references to assess the uncertainties of the different systems. Most measurement systems tended to underestimate the FSC found from fuel samples and BDNs. A possible relation was seen to high relative humidities above 80 %. The lowest systematic deviations were observed for the airborne systems and the novel laser spectrometer. The latter showed the lowest total uncertainty of 0.05 %Sm/m (confidence level: 95 %) compared to other stationary sniffer systems whose total uncertainties range from 0.08 to 0.09 %Sm/m. The two UAV-borne systems showed total uncertainties of 0.07 and 0.09 %Sm/m, respectively. Overall, it was found that non-compliant vessels with an actual FSC of the combusted fuel above 0.15 to 0.19 %Sm/m can be detected by the compared systems with 95 % confidence.
Estimation and evaluation of hourly MetOp satellites GPS DCBs with two different methods
Authors: Li Linlin , Jin Shuanggen
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Differential code bias (DCB) is one of the Global Positioning System (GPS) errors, which affects the calculation of total electron content (TEC) and ionospheric modeling. In the past, DCB was normally estimated as a constant in one day, while DCB of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite GPS receiver may have large variations within one day due to complex space environments and highly dynamic orbit conditions. In this study, daily and hourly DCBs of Meteorological Operational (MetOp) satellites GPS receivers are calculated and evaluated using spherical harmonic function (SHF) and local spherical symmetry (LSS) assumption. The results demonstrated that both approaches could obtain accurate and consistent DCB values. The estimated daily DCB standard deviation (STD) is within 0.1 ns in accordance with the LSS assumption and is numerically less than the standard deviation of the reference value provided by the COSMIC Data Analysis and Archive Center (CDAAC). The average error's absolute value is within 0.2 ns with respect to the provided DCB reference value. As for the SHF method, the DCB's standard deviation is within 0.1 ns, which is also less than the standard deviation of the CDAAC reference value. The average error of the absolute value is within 0.2 ns. The estimated hourly DCB with LSS assumptions suggested that calculated results of MetOpA, MetOpB, and MetOpC are, respectively, 0.5 ns to 3.1 ns, -1.1 ns to 1.5 ns, and -1.3 ns to 0.7 ns. The root mean square error (RMSE) is less than 1.2 ns, and the STD is under 0.6 ns. According to the SHF method, the results of MetOpA, MetOpB, and MetOpC are 1 ns to 2.7 ns, - 1 ns to 1 ns, and - 1.3 ns to 0.6 ns, respectively. The RMSE is under 1.3 ns and STD is less than 0.5 ns. The STD for solar active days is less than 0.43 ns, 0.49 ns, and 0.44 ns, respectively, with the LSS assumption, and the appropriate fluctuation ranges are 2.0 ns, 2.2 ns, and 2.2 ns. The variation ranges for the SHF method are 1.5 ns, 1.2 ns, and 1.2 ns, respectively, while the STD is under 0.28 ns, 0.35 ns, and 0.29 ns.
Distributions of bacteriohopanepolyols in lakes and coastal lagoons of the Azores Archipelago
Authors: Richter Nora , Hopmans Ellen C. , Mitrović Danica , Raposeiro Pedro M. , Gonçalves Vítor , Costa Ana C. , Amaral-Zettler Linda A. , Villanueva Laura , Rush Darci
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Bacteriohopanepolyols (BHPs) are a diverse class of lipids
produced by bacteria across a wide range of environments. In this study, we
aim to further identify BHPs related to ecological niches and/or specific
bacteria by characterizing the distribution of BHPs in suspended particulate
matter (SPM) of the water column and in sediments in a range of lakes and
coastal lagoons from the Azores Archipelago, as well as in a co-culture
enriched for methanotrophs. Sediment samples from Azorean lakes with low-oxygen conditions during the summer months (i.e., Azul, Verde, Funda, and
Negra) contain relatively high abundances of BHPs that are typically
associated with methane-oxidizing (methanotrophic) bacteria (i.e.,
aminotetrol, aminopentol, and methylcarbamate-aminopentol), as well as the
ethenolamine-BHPs (i.e., ethenolamine-BHpentol and ethenolamine-BHhexol) and
the N-formylated aminoBHPs. Both ethenolamine-BHPs and N-formylated
aminoBHPs were also detected in a methanotroph–methylotroph co-culture that
was enriched from a lake. In the SPM of all water columns,
bacteriohopanetetrol (BHT), BHT cyclitol ether, and aminotriol are the
dominant BHPs. In SPM from Lake Funda, nucleoside BHPs (i.e.,
Me-adenosylhopaneHG-diMe (where HG refers to head group), N1-methylinosylhopane, 2Me-N1-inosylhopane,
and Me-N1-inosylhopane) are present in low abundance or absent under oxic
conditions but increase in concentration near the chemocline, suggesting
potential in situ production of these nucleoside BHPs rather than an allochthonous
origin. In contrast, sediments from shallow, well-mixed lakes (i.e.,
Empadadas, São Jorge, and Lomba) contain higher abundances of
adenosylhopane and N1-methylinosylhopane, which likely originate from
bacteria living in nearby soils. Based on our current results we revised the
existing Rsoil index, which was previously used to infer terrestrial
inputs to aquatic environments, to exclude any potential nucleosides
produced in the lake water column (Rsoil-lake). In the coastal lagoons,
Cubres East and Cubres West, methoxylated BHTs were detected, and higher abundances
of ethenolamine-BHT were observed. This study highlights the diversity of
BHPs in lakes and coastal lagoons and their potential as taxonomic markers
for bacteria associated with certain ecological niches, which can be
preserved in sedimentary records.
Spatial and seasonal variability in volatile organic sulfur compounds in seawater and overlying atmosphere of the Bohai and Yellow Seas
Authors: Yu Juan , Yu Lei , He Zhen , Yang Gui-Peng , Lai Jing-Guang , Liu Qian
Published: June 2023

Abstract. To better understand the production and loss processes of volatile organic sulfur compounds (VSCs) and their influence factors, VSCs including carbon disulfide (CS2), dimethyl sulfide (DMS), and carbonyl sulfide (COS) were surveyed in the seawater and atmosphere of the Bohai and Yellow Seas during spring and summer of 2018. The concentration ranges of COS, DMS, and CS2 in the surface seawater during spring were 0.14–0.42, 0.41–7.74, and 0.01–0.18 nmol L-1, respectively, and 0.32–0.61, 1.31–18.12, and 0.01–0.65 nmol L-1 during summer. COS and CS2 had high concentrations in coastal waters, which may be due to elevated photochemical production rates. High DMS concentrations occurred near the Yellow River, Laizhou Bay, and Yangtze River Estuary coinciding with high nitrate and Chl a concentrations due to river discharge during summer. The depth distributions of COS, DMS, and CS2 were characterized by high concentrations in the surface seawater that decreased with depth. The mixing ratios of COS, DMS, and CS2 in the atmosphere were 255.9–620.2 pptv, 1.3–191.2 pptv, and 5.2–698.8 pptv during spring, and 394.6–850.1 pptv, 10.3–464.3 pptv, and 15.3–672.7 pptv in summer. The mean oceanic/atmospheric concentrations of COS, DMS, and CS2 were 1.8/1.7-, 3.1/4.7-, and 3.7/1.6-fold higher in summer than spring due to the high Chl a concentrations in summer. The mean sea-to-air fluxes of COS, DMS, and CS2 were 1.3-, 2.1-, and 3.0-fold higher in summer than spring. The sea-to-air fluxes of VSCs indicated that these marginal seas are major sources of VSCs in the atmosphere. The results provide help with a better understanding of the control of VSCs distributions in marginal seas.
Forest Types Show Divergent Biophysical Responses After Fire: Challenges to Ecological Modeling
Authors: Shrestha Surendra , Williams Christopher A. , Rogers Brendan M. , Rogan John , Kulakowski Dominik
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Understanding vegetation recovery after fire is critical for predicting vegetation-mediated ecological dynamics in future climates. However, information characterizing vegetation recovery patterns after fire and their determinants are lacking over large geographical extents. This study uses Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) leaf area index (LAI) and albedo to characterize patterns of post-fire biophysical dynamics across the western United States (US) and further examines the influence of topo-climatic variables on the recovery of LAI and albedo at two different time intervals, 10 and 20 years post-fire, using a random forest model. Recovery patterns were derived for all wildfires that occurred between 1986 and 2017 across seven forest types and 21 level III ecoregions of the western US. We found differences in characteristic trajectories of post-fire vegetation recovery across forest types and ecoclimatic settings. LAI in some forest types recovered only 60 %–70 % by 25 years after fire while it recovered 120 % to 150 % of the pre-fire levels in other forest types, with higher absolute post-fire changes in forest types and ecoregions that had a higher initial pre-fire LAI. Our random forest results showed very little influence of fire severity on the recovery of both summer LAI and albedo at both post-fire time intervals. Post-fire vegetation recovery was most strongly controlled by elevation, with faster rates of recovery in lower elevations. Similarly, annual precipitation and average summer temperature had significant impacts on the post-fire recovery of vegetation. Full recovery was seldom observed when annual precipitation was less than 500 mm and average summer temperature was above the optimal range i.e., 15–20 °C. Climate influences, particularly annual precipitation, was a major driver of post-fire summer albedo change through its impact on ecological succession. This study provides quantitative measure of primary controls that could be used to improve the modelling of ecosystem dynamics post-fire.
Machine Learning based investigation of the variables affecting summertime lightning frequency over the Southern Great Plains
Authors: Shan Siyu , Allen Dale , Li Zhanqing , Pickering Kenneth , Lapierre Jeff
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Lightning is affected by many factors, many of which are not routinely measured, well understood, or accounted for in physical models. Machine learning (ML) excels in exploring and revealing complex relationships between meteorological variables such as those measured at the South Great Plains (SGP) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) site; a site that provides an unprecedented level of detail on atmospheric conditions and clouds. Several commonly used ML models have been applied to analyse the relationship between ARM data and lightning data from the Earth Networks Total Lightning Network (ENTLN) in order to identify important variables affecting lightning occurrence in the vicinity of the SGP site during the summers (June, July, August and September) of 2012 to 2020. Testing various ML models, we found that the Random Forest model is the best predictor among common classifiers. It predicted lightning occurrence with an accuracy of 76.9 % and an area under curve (AUC) of 0.850. Using this model, we further ranked the variables in terms of their effectiveness in predicting lightning and identified geometric cloud thickness, rain rate and convective available potential energy (CAPE) as the most effective predictors. The contrast in meteorological variables between no-lightning and frequent-lightning periods was examined on hours with CAPE values conducive to thunderstorm formation. Besides the variables considered for the ML models, surface variables such as equivalent potential temperature and mid-altitude variables such as minimum equivalent potential temperature have a large contrast between no-lightning and frequent-lightning hours. Finally, a notable positive relationship between intra-cloud (IC) flash fraction and the square root of CAPE was found suggesting that stronger updrafts increase the height of the electrification zone, resulting in fewer flashes reaching the surface and consequently a greater IC flash fraction.
Measurement Report: The Palau Atmospheric Observatory and its Ozonesonde Record - Continuous Monitoring of Tropospheric Composition and Dynamics in the Tropical West Pacific
Authors: Müller Katrin , Tradowsky Jordis S. , von der Gathen Peter , Ritter Christoph , Patris Sharon , Notholt Justus , Rex Markus
Published: June 2023

Abstract. The Tropical West Pacific is recognized as an important region for stratosphere-troposphere exchange, but has been a measurement gap in the global ozone sounding network. The Palau Atmospheric Observatory (PAO) was established to study the atmospheric composition above the remote Tropical West Pacific with a comprehensive instrumental setup. Since 2016, two laboratory containers in Palau host an Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer, a lidar (micro lidar until 2016, cloud and aerosol lidar from 2018), a Pandora 2S photometer and laboratory space for weather balloon soundings with ozone-, water-vapor-, aerosol- and radiosondes. In this analysis, we focus on the continuous, fortnightly ozone sounding program with Electrochemical Concentration Cell (ECC) ozone sondes. The aim of this study is to introduce the PAO and its research potential, present the first observation of the typical seasonal cycle of tropospheric ozone in the Tropical West Pacific based on a multiannual record of in situ observations, and investigate major drivers of variability and seasonal variation from 01/2016 until 12/2021 related to the large scale atmospheric circulation. We present the PAO ozone (O3) volume mixing ratios (VMR) and relative humidity (RH) time series complemented by other observations. The site is exposed to year-round high convective activity reflected in dominating low O3 VMR and high RH. In 2016, the impact of the strong El Niño is evident as a particularly dry, ozone-rich episode. The main modulator of annual tropospheric O3 variability is identified as the movement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), with lowest O3 VMR in the free troposphere during the ITCZ position north of Palau. An analysis of the relation of O3 and RH for the PAO and selected sites from the Southern Hemispheric ADditional OZonesondes (SHADOZ) network reveals three different regimes. Palau’s O3/RH distribution resembles the one in Fiji, Java and American Samoa, but is unique in its seasonality and its comparably narrow Gaussian distribution around low O3 VMR and the evenly distributed RH. A previously found bimodal distribution of O3 VMR and RH could not be seen in the Palau record. Due to its unique remote location, Palau is an ideal atmospheric background site to detect changes in air dynamics imprinted on the chemical composition of the tropospheric column. The efforts to establish, run and maintain the PAO have succeeded to fill an observational gap in the remote Tropical West Pacific and give good prospects for ongoing operations. The ECC sonde record will be integrated into the SHADOZ database in the near future.
Detecting nitrogen oxide emissions in Qatar and quantifying emission factors of gas-fired power plants - A four-years study
Authors: Rey-Pommier Anthony , Chevallier Frédéric , Ciais Philippe , Kushta Jonilda , Christoudias Theodoros , Bayram I. Safak , Sciare Jean
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2), produced in urban areas and industrial facilities (particularly in fossil fuel-fired power plants), are major sources of air pollutants, with implications for human health, leading local and national authorities to estimate their emissions using inventories. In Qatar, these inventories are not systematically updated, while the country is experiencing fast economic growth. Here, we use spaceborne retrievals of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) columns at high spatial resolution from the TROPOMI instrument to estimate NOx emissions in Qatar from 2019 to 2022 with a flux-divergence scheme, according to which emissions are calculated as the sum of a transport term and a sink term representing the three-body reaction comprising NO2 and hydroxyl radical (OH). Our results highlight emissions from gas power plants in the north-east of the country, and from the urban area of the capital Doha. The emissions from cement plants in the west and different industrial facilities in the south-east are under-estimated, due to frequent low-quality measurements of NO2 columns in these areas. Our top-down model estimates a weekly cycle with lower emissions on Fridays compared to the rest of the week, which is consistent with social norms in the country, and an annual cycle with mean emissions of 9.56 kt per month for the four-year period. These monthly emissions differ from CAMS-GLOB-ANT_v5.3 and EDGARv6.1 global inventories, for which the annual cycle is less marked and the average emissions are respectively 1.44 and 1.68 times higher. Our emission estimates are correlated with local electricity generation, and allow to infer a mean NOx emission factor of 0.557 tNOx.GWh−1 for the three gas power plants in the Ras Laffan area.
A new process-based and scale-aware desert dust emission scheme for global climate models – Part II: evaluation in the Community Earth System Model (CESM2)
Authors: Leung Danny M. , Kok Jasper F. , Li Longlei , Mahowald Natalie M. , Lawrence David M. , Tilmes Simone , Kluzek Erik , Klose Martina , Pérez García-Pando Carlos
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Desert dust is an important atmospheric aerosol that affects the Earth's climate, biogeochemistry, and air quality. However, current Earth system models (ESMs) struggle to accurately capture the impact of dust on the Earth’s climate and ecosystems, in part because these models lack several essential aeolian processes that couple dust with climate and land surface processes. In this study, we address this issue by implementing several new parameterizations of aeolian processes detailed in our companion paper into the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2). These processes include (1) incorporating a realistic soil particle size distribution to calculate the dust emission threshold friction velocity, (2) accounting for the drag partition effect of rocks and vegetation in reducing wind stress on erodible soils, (3) accounting for the intermittency of dust emissions due to unresolved turbulent wind fluctuations, and (4) correcting the spatial variability of simulated dust emissions from native to higher spatial resolutions on spatiotemporal dust variability. Our results show that the modified dust emission scheme significantly reduces the model bias against observations compared to the default scheme and improves the correlation against observations of multiple key dust variables such as dust aerosol optical depth (DAOD), surface particulate matter (PM) concentration, and deposition flux. Our scheme’s dust also correlates strongly with various meteorological and land surface variables, implying higher sensitivity of dust to future climate change than other schemes’ dust. These findings highlight the importance of including additional aeolian processes for improving the performance of ESM aerosol simulations and potentially enhancing model assessments of how dust impacts climate and ecosystem changes.
Temporal variability of observed and simulated gross primary productivity, modulated by vegetation state and hydrometeorological drivers
Authors: De Pue Jan , Wieneke Sebastian , Bastos Ana , Barrios José Miguel , Liu Liyang , Ciais Philippe , Arboleda Alirio , Hamdi Rafiq , Maleki Maral , Maignan Fabienne , Gellens-Meulenberghs Françoise , Janssens Ivan , Balzarolo Manuela
Published: June 2023

Abstract. The gross primary production (GPP) of the terrestrial biosphere is a key source of variability in the global carbon cycle. It is modulated by hydrometeorological drivers (i.e., shortwave radiation, air temperature, vapor pressure deficit and soil moisture) and the vegetation state (i.e., canopy greenness, leaf area index) at instantaneous to interannual timescales. In this study, we set out to evaluate the ability of GPP-models to capture this variability. 11 models were considered, which rely purely on remote sensing data (RS-driven), meteorological data (meteo-driven, e.g., dynamic global vegetation models; DGVMs) or a combination of both (hybrid, e.g., light-use efficiency models; LUE). They were evaluated using in situ observations at 61 eddy covariance sites, covering a broad range of herbaceous and forest biomes. The results illustrated how the determinant of temporal variability shifts from meteorological variables at sub-seasonal timescales to biophysical variables at seasonal and interannual scale. RS-driven models lacked the sensitivity to the dominant drivers at short timescales (i.e., shortwave radiation and vapor pressure deficit), and failed to capture the decoupling of photosynthesis and canopy greenness (e.g., in evergreen forests). Conversely, meteo-driven models accurately captured the variability accross timescales, despite the challenges in the prognostic simulation of the vegetation state. Largest errors were found in water-limited sites, where the accuracy of the soil moisture dynamics determines the quality of the GPP estimates. In arid herbaceous sites, canopy greenness and photosynthesis were more tightly coupled, resulting in improved results with RS-driven models. Hybrid models capitalized on the combination of RS observations and meteorological information. LUE models were among the most accurate models to monitor GPP across all biomes, despite their simple architecture. Overall, we conclude that the combination of meteorological drivers and remote sensing observations is required to yield an accurate reproduction of the spatio-temporal variability of GPP. To further advance the performance of DGVMs, improvements in the soil moisture dynamics and vegetation evolution are needed.
Anthropogenic and ecology research indicators of top commercial fish species in the Baltic Sea: Review
Authors: Rosciszewski-Dodgson Michael J. , Cirella Giuseppe T.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. In many parts of the world, morality caused as a result of fishing actives is the only influencer affecting the status of top commercial stocks. This however is not the case in the Baltic Sea, which has a multitude of other processes that influence fish stock dynamics. This paper compartmentalises 248 publications that consider the cumulative effects and trade-offs some of the biggest anthropogenic and ecology stressors (temperature change, hypoxia, eutrophication, nutrient pollution acidification, low salinity and food-web dynamics) have on the ecology of top commercial fish species in the Baltic Sea (cod, sprat, whiting, herring, flounder and plaice). The results illustrate the extent of academic research that can be applied to commercial fisheries knowledge in the Baltic Sea and identifies which pressures have the greatest negative impacts for which species. In addition, the findings demonstrate how well individual fish stocks have adapted to the changing environmental conditions of the Baltic Sea. In doing so, the review illustrates the next challenges and underlines what fish will likely dominate in the future and which will struggle. With increased natural hazards, top commercial fish species have reacted differently, depending on the region and adaptive capabilities. In most cases, species in the Clupeidae family have adapted the best to their new surroundings, flatfish resilience is varied, whilst fish in the Gadidae family are finding the Baltic Sea too hostile.
Simulation of crop yield using the global hydrological model H08 (crp.v1)
Authors: Ai Zhipin , Hanasaki Naota
Published: June 2023

Abstract. A better understanding of the food–water nexus requires the development of an integrated model that can simultaneously simulate food production and
the requirements and availability of water resources. H08 is a global hydrological model that considers human water use and management (e.g.,
reservoir operation and crop irrigation). Although a crop growth sub-model has been included in H08 to estimate the global crop-specific calendar,
its performance as a yield simulator is poor, mainly because a globally uniform parameter set was used for each crop type. In addition, the effects
of CO2 fertilization and vapor pressure deficit on crop yield were not considered. Here, through country-wise parameter calibration and
algorithm improvement, we enhanced H08 to simulate the yields of four major staple crops: maize, wheat, rice, and soybean. The simulated crop yield
was compared with the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) national yield statistics and the global dataset of historical yield for major crops
(GDHY) gridded yield estimates with respect to mean bias (across nations) and time series correlation (for individual nations). Our results showed
that the effects of CO2 fertilization and vapor pressure deficit had opposite impacts on crop yield. The simulated yield showed good
consistency with FAO national yield. The mean biases of the major producer countries were considerably reduced to 2 %, 2 %, −2 %, and
−1 % for maize, wheat, rice, and soybean, respectively. The capacity of our model to capture the interannual yield variability observed in FAO
yield was limited, although the performance of our model was comparable to that of other mainstream global crop models. The grid-level analysis
showed that our model showed a similar spatial pattern to that of the GDHY yield in terms of reproducing the temporal variation over a wide area,
although substantial differences were observed in other places. Using the enhanced model, we quantified the contributions of irrigation to global
food production and compared our results to an earlier study. Overall, our improvements enabled H08 to estimate crop production and hydrology in a
single framework, which will be beneficial for global food–water nexus studies in relation to climate change.
Merging with crowdsourced rain gauge data improves pan-European radar precipitation estimates
Authors: Overeem Aart , Leijnse Hidde , van der Schrier Gerard , van den Besselaar Else , Garcia-Marti Irene , de Vos Lotte Wilhelmina
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Ground-based radar precipitation products typically need adjustment with rain gauge accumulations to achieve a reasonable accuracy. This is certainly the case for the pan-European radar precipitation products. The density of (near) real-time rain gauge accumulations from official networks is often relatively low. Crowdsourced rain gauge networks have a much higher density than conventional ones and are a potentially interesting (complementary) source to merge with radar precipitation accumulations. Here, a 1-year personal weather station (PWS) rain gauge dataset of ~5 min accumulations is obtained from the private company Netatmo over the period September 1, 2019–August 31, 2020, which is subjected to quality control using neighbouring PWSs and on 1-h accumulations using unadjusted radar data. The PWS 1-h gauge accumulations are employed to spatially adjust OPERA radar accumulations, covering 78 % of geographical Europe. The performance of the merged dataset is evaluated against daily and disaggregated 1-h gauge accumulations from weather stations in the European Climate Assessment & Dataset (ECA&D). Results are contrasted to those from an unadjusted OPERA-based radar dataset and from EURADCLIM. The severe average underestimation for daily precipitation of ~28 % from the unadjusted radar dataset diminishes to ~3 % for the merged radar-PWS dataset. A station-based spatial verification shows that the relative bias in 1-h precipitation is still quite variable and suggests stronger underestimations for colder climates. A dedicated evaluation with scatter density plots reveals that the performance is indeed less good for lower temperatures, which points to limitations in observing solid precipitation by PWS gauges. The outcome of this study confirms the potential of crowdsourcing to improve radar precipitation products in (near) real-time.
Mapping current and future flood exposure using a 5-metre flood model and climate change projections
Authors: Darlington Connor , Raikes Jonathan , Henstra Daniel , Thistlethwaite Jason , Raven Emma K.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Local stakeholders need information about areas exposed to potential flooding to manage increasing disaster risk. Moderate and large-scale flood hazard mapping is often produced at a low spatial resolution, typically using only one source of flooding (e.g., riverine), and it often fails to include climate change. This article assesses flood hazard exposure in the City of Vancouver, Canada, using flood mapping produced by flood risk science experts JBA Risk Management, which represented baseline exposure at 5-metre spatial resolution and incorporated climate change-adjusted values based on different greenhouse gas emission scenarios. The article identifies areas of both current and future flood exposure in the built environment, differentiating between sources of flooding (fluvial, pluvial, storm surge), climate change scenarios, and return periods. The case study demonstrates the utility of a flood model with a moderate resolution for informing planning, policy development, and public education. Without recent engineered or regulatory mapping available in all areas across Canada, this model provides a mechanism for identifying possible present and future flood risk at a higher resolution than is available at Canada-wide coverage.
Assessing the next generation of Global Flood Models in the Central Highlands of Vietnam
Authors: Hawker Laurence , Neal Jeffrey , Savage James , Kirkpatrick Thomas , Lord Rachel , Zylberberg Yanos , Groeger Andre , Thuy Truong Dang , Fox Sean , Agyemang Felix , Nam Khanh Pham
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Flooding is an endemic global challenge with annual damages totalling billions of dollars. Impacts are felt most acutely in in low and middle-income countries, where rapid demographic change is driving increased exposure. These areas also tend to lack high precision hazard mapping data with which to better understand or manage risk. To address this information gap a number of Global Flood Models have been developed in recent years. However, there is substantial uncertainty over the performance of these data products. Arguably the most important component of a Global Flood Model is the Digital Elevation Model (DEM), which must represent the terrain without surface artifacts such as forests and buildings. Here we develop and evaluate a next generation of global hydrodynamic flood model based on the recently released FABDEM DEM. We evaluate the model and compare to a previous version using the MERIT DEM at three study sites in the central highlands of Vietnam using two independent validation data sets based on a household survey and remotely sensed observations of recent flooding. The global flood model based on FABDEM consistently outperformed a model based on MERIT, and the agreement between the model and remote sensing was greater than the agreement between the two validation data sets.