bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract B020: Lean adipocyte-secreted oxylipin, 9S-HODE, triggers ferroptosis and protects against obesity-accelerated breast cancer
Authors: Curtin Meghan , Maschek J. Alan , Wang Guoying , Lum David , Cox James E. , Hilgendorf Keren I
Published: November 2024

Approximately 1 in 8 women will develop breast cancer in their lifetime, and over 40,000 women in the United States die from breast cancer every year. Post-menopausal breast cancer risk and mortality rates are exacerbated by those who are classified as obese, such that a 5-unit increase in body mass index is linked to a 12% increase in risk. The rising rates of obesity make understanding the link between obesity and the incidence, progression, and mortality of breast cancer of high priority. Obesity is marked by an expansion of white adipose tissue, which accounts for 90% of the breast cancer microenvironment. While several studies have identified paracrine factors secreted by obese adipose tissue that promote tumorigenesis, the role that lean adipose tissue plays in breast cancer progression remains underexplored. In this study, I screened the secretome of primary adipocytes isolated from multiple fat pads from both lean and obese mice for the ability to modulate the growth of breast cancer cell lines across multiple different subtypes. I discovered a potent role of lean mammary adipocytes in selectively inhibiting breast cancer cells in vivo and in vitro. This inhibitory function is specific to lean, mammary adipocytes, as the secretomes of obese mammary adipocytes or adipocytes isolated from visceral fat depots do not inhibit breast cancer cell growth. Further, I discovered that the lean mammary adipocytes, but not obese adipocytes, secrete an oxylipin called 9S-HODE, an oxidized metabolite derived from the essential fatty acid linoleic acid. I show that lean adipocytes and 9S- HODE inhibit breast cancer cell growth by triggering ferroptosis. However, normal breast epithelial cells are protected from 9(S)-HODE-induced ferroptosis by transiently growth- arresting and rapidly forming lipid droplets. We propose that lean adipocytes actively inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells by secreting the ferroptosis inducer 9(S)-HODE, and that in patients with obesity, breast cancer is accelerated, at least in part, due to the loss of 9(S)-HODE- mediated tumor suppression.

Citation Format: Meghan Curtin, J. Alan Maschek, Guoying Wang, David Lum, James E. Cox, Keren I Hilgendorf. Lean adipocyte-secreted oxylipin, 9S-HODE, triggers ferroptosis and protects against obesity-accelerated breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Tumor-body Interactions: The Roles of Micro- and Macroenvironment in Cancer; 2024 Nov 17-20; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(22_Suppl):Abstract nr B020.
Abstract B026: Pancreatic tumor extracellular vesicles induce perineural invasion in vitro via IL- 8/CCL2
Authors: Gregory Emory A , Powers Isabel , Baek Inha , Dugan Reagan , Jamshidi-Parsian Azemat , Griffin Robert J. , Song Younghye
Published: November 2024

Pancreatic cancer (PDAC) remains a pre-eminent cause of cancer-related death with perineural invasion (PNI), i.e., cancer cell infiltration of nerves, contributing to high morbidity rates. Glial Schwann cells (SC) are activated by tumor signaling to produce chemical gradients, re-direct cancer cells, and accelerate PNI. Tumor extracellular vesicles (EV) have been implicated in cancer-nerve crosstalk; however, their role in activating SCs during PDAC PNI is unclear. In this study, we explored tumor EVs as initiators of SC-dependent PDAC PNI using tissue engineered modeling platforms. NanoSight Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis and Western blot confirmed the presence of non-contaminated EVs. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry characterized healthy (HPNE) and cancer cell (PANC-1) EV cargoes, and QIAGEN Ingenuity Pathway Analysis also exposed potential EV targets. SCs (sNF96.2) were embedded in an optimized decellularized nerve hydrogel and cultured with EVs ± cargo-function-blocking monoclonal antibody. SC phenotype was assessed using Luminex® multiplex assays and immunofluorescence. Subsequently, EV-treated SCs were co-cultured with healthy or cancer cells, and invasion was further probed using Transwell® assays. Proteins associated with IL-8 signaling were upregulated in tumor EVs versus healthy EVs. Tumor EVs significantly activated SCs to produce cytokines related to PNI, namely CCL2, in an IL-8-dependent manner. Tumor EV/IL-8-activated SCs facilitated significantly greater invasion in cancer cells compared to healthy cells, which was reduced by neutralizing IL-8 from tumor EVs or CCL2 in SC- conditioned media. These findings provide evidence of a potential mechanism in which PDAC EVs reprogram SCs to amplify PNI and necessitate further pre-clinical investigations with increased biodiversity targeting EVs for PDAC therapeutics.

Citation Format: Emory A Gregory, Isabel Powers, Inha Baek, Reagan Dugan, Azemat Jamshidi-Parsian, Robert J. Griffin, Younghye Song. Pancreatic tumor extracellular vesicles induce perineural invasion in vitro via IL- 8/CCL2 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Tumor-body Interactions: The Roles of Micro- and Macroenvironment in Cancer; 2024 Nov 17-20; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(22_Suppl):Abstract nr B026.
Abstract B028: The Role of cDC1 Gene Signatures in gastric cancer prognosis and immune microenvironment modulation
Authors: han Song-hee
Published: November 2024

Background and Aim: Gastric cancer (GC) continues to be a major global health burden, with a growing body of evidence highlighting the critical role of conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1s) within the tumor microenvironment. This study aims to elucidate the prognostic significance of cDC1-associated genes—CD141, XCR1, CLEC9A, CADM1, and BTLA—in gastric cancer, as well as to explore the biological mechanisms that underpin their effects on patient outcomes. Materials and Methods: We conducted a comprehensive analysis of RNA- seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA-STAD) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets, focusing on the expression profiles of five cDC1-related genes. Patients were stratified into high and low expression groups based on a defined cDC1 gene signature. To assess the impact of these signatures, we utilized gene set variation analysis (GSVA) to examine relevant oncogenic pathways and performed Kaplan-Meier survival analysis along with Cox proportional hazards modeling to evaluate their prognostic value. Results: Our findings demonstrate that patients exhibiting a high cDC1-related gene signature had significantly worse overall and disease-free survival within the TCGA-STAD cohort. Further analysis revealed marked differences in CD8+ T cell infiltration and cytotoxic activity between the high and low cDC1 signature groups. Additionally, the high cDC1 signature group was strongly associated with upregulated expression of immune checkpoint proteins and the activation of oncogenic pathways, indicating a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Conclusions: This study suggests that the cDC1-related gene signature may serve as a potent prognostic biomarker in gastric cancer, offering new insights into the complex interactions between the tumor and immune microenvironment. These results could pave the way for innovative therapeutic strategies that target the immune landscape in gastric cancer, potentially improving patient outcomes.

Citation Format: Song-hee han. The Role of cDC1 Gene Signatures in gastric cancer prognosis and immune microenvironment modulation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Tumor-body Interactions: The Roles of Micro- and Macroenvironment in Cancer; 2024 Nov 17-20; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(22_Suppl):Abstract nr B028.
Abstract C024: MPLA+IFNg-activated tumor-associated macrophages alter fibroblast composition
Authors: Sun Lijuan , Liu Bodu , Zhao Yixin , Egeblad Mikala
Published: November 2024

In a previous study, we developed a strategy to reprogram tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and induce a collaborative innate-adaptive immune response by combining monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) with IFNγ. However, we also observed downregulation of extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated genes in MPLA+IFNγ-treated mammary tumors, indicating that the combination treatment impacts the tumor microenvironment beyond just the immune cells. In this study, we investigated how MPLA+IFNg treatment modulates the tumor ECM, with a particular focus on fibroblasts-the major ECM-producing cells. Using scRNA-seq to profile mammary carcinomas, we identified six macrophage populations (C1q+, Ccr2+, Spp1+, Lyz+, mt+ and ki67+ TAMs) and two fibroblast populations (Cd34+ and a-SMA+ fibroblasts) in MMTV-PyMT tumor. MPLA+IFNγ treatment increased the numbers and percentages of Lyz+ TAMs and Cd34+ fibroblasts, while the numbers and percentages of Spp1+ TAMs and α-SMA+ fibroblasts were decreased by the treatment. Thus, MPLA+IFNγ treatment induced significant changes in both macrophage and fibroblast populations. Further analysis revealed an unusual gene expression pattern in Lyz+ TAMs. Mgst1 and Gng12 expression was detected in Lyz+ TAMs at levels comparable to those in fibroblasts, despite these genes typically being expressed in fibroblasts but not in macrophages of normal human tissues. However, to our surprise, MPLA+IFNγ treatment did not significantly increase Mgst1 and Gng12 expression of mono-cultured TAMs or bone marrow-derived macrophages, suggesting that these genes were not directly upregulated by MPLA+IFNγ treatment. Instead, the Mgst1 and Gng12 transcripts may have originated from engulfed fibroblasts. In addition, following MPLA+IFNγ treatment, more iNOS+ macrophages (which we previously identified as tumoricidal macrophages) were found in very close proximity to α-SMA+ fibroblasts. To directly test whether MPLA+IFNg-treated TAMs kill and engulf fibroblasts, we performed ex vivo co-cultures of TAMs and fibroblasts. Following MPLA+IFNγ treatment, TAMs effectively killed and engulfed the fibroblasts, whereas minimal fibroblast engulfment was observed in the control co-cultures. Our data suggest that tumoricidal MPLA+IFNγ-treated TAMs can regulate the ECM of tumors by targeting and eliminating the major ECM-producing cells, the fibroblasts. Ongoing studies are determining the functional consequences of the TAM-mediated regulation of fibroblasts and ECM composition.

Citation Format: Lijuan Sun, Bodu Liu, Yixin Zhao, Mikala Egeblad. MPLA+IFNg-activated tumor-associated macrophages alter fibroblast composition [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Tumor-body Interactions: The Roles of Micro- and Macroenvironment in Cancer; 2024 Nov 17-20; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(22_Suppl):Abstract nr C024.
Abstract C029: PM2.5-induced drug resistance in lung cancer
Authors: Chen Chi-Yuan , Chan Chieh-Wen , Wang Tong-Hong
Published: November 2024

Long-term exposure to PM2.5 air pollution is a significant contributor to lung cancer incidence. Our previous studies have shown that such exposure promotes lung cancer progression by activating the EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) and AhR (aryl hydrocarbon Receptor) pathways. We observed that in lung cancer cells with EGFR mutations, prolonged PM2.5 exposure induces EGFR activation, resulting in accelerated tumor cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. This suggests that PM2.5 may play a role in the resistance to EGFR-TKI (tyrosine kinase inhibitor) therapies, raising concerns about treatment efficacy. To explore this, we exposed the EGFR-mutant lung cancer cell line to PM2.5 for 90 days. Our results revealed that long-term exposure not only reduced the therapeutic effect of EGFR-TKIs but also increased the expression of cMyc, a gene linked to poor prognosis and drug resistance. We further confirmed that PM2.5-induced EGFR-TKI resistance is driven by the AhR-cMyc pathway. AhR, activated by environmental toxins in PM2.5, increases cMyc expression, leading to drug resistance. When we administered cMyc inhibitors, the PM2.5-exposed cells regained sensitivity to EGFR-TKI therapy. These findings indicate that targeting the AhR-cMyc pathway could be a promising approach to overcome PM2.5-induced resistance in lung cancer treatment. Further research is needed to explore the broader implications of environmental pollution on cancer therapy and to develop strategies to counteract the effects of pollutants like PM2.5.

Citation Format: Chi-Yuan Chen, Chieh-Wen Chan, Tong-Hong Wang. PM2.5-induced drug resistance in lung cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Tumor-body Interactions: The Roles of Micro- and Macroenvironment in Cancer; 2024 Nov 17-20; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(22_Suppl):Abstract nr C029.
Abstract C040: Spatial transcriptomics unveils disparities in tumor microenvironment dynamics between breast cancer responders and non-responders
Authors: Mo Jeremy , Zhang Hanyun , Harvey Kate , Swarbrick Alexander
Published: November 2024

Spatial transcriptomics is revolutionizing our understanding of cellular dynamics and interactions in the tumor microenvironment (TME). By mapping distinct cellular populations and their interactions, we can gain valuable insights into tumor behavior. To investigate these dynamics in breast cancer, we conducted Xenium In-situ spatial transcriptomics on twenty formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples taken from eight patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. These samples have been taken pre-treatment, mid-treatment and post-treatment from four cases with pathological complete response (pCR), and four cases with residual disease (RD) at time of surgery. Our analyses have found distinct cellular composition changes between pCR and RD cases. Patients with RD demonstrated an increase in endothelial, perivascular-like (PVL) and epithelial cells from pre- to post-treatment. This was accompanied by a decrease in myeloid and malignant epithelial cells at mid-treatment. In contrast, patients with pCR demonstrated increases in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and myeloid cells, with reductions in plasmablasts and cancer epithelial cells at mid-treatment. This suggests that an increase in CAF and myeloid cells observed between pre-treatment and mid-treatment samples may be predictive of response. We performed ligand-receptor (LR) analyses, which demonstrated diverse myeloid interactions in RD cases and diverse CAF interactions in pCR cases in pre-treatment samples. Mid-treatment samples exhibited a decrease in interactions for CAFs, myeloid and T cells in pCR and RD cases. The most frequently identified CAF LR interactions, as senders, were between TGFB1/TGFB3 and TGFBR1/TGFBR2, while the most frequently identified myeloid LR interactions were between PDCD1LG2 - PDCD1 (encoding PDL2 & PD1), CCL8 - ACKR1 (encoding Atypical Chemokine Receptor 1) and CCL2 - ACKR1. Our findings indicate that the dynamic changes in cellular composition and interactions within the TME differs between responders and non-responders. To further explore these differences, we plan to perform spatially constrained analyses to identify unique cellular niches that may serve as potential biomarkers for informing novel therapeutic strategies.

Citation Format: Jeremy Mo, Hanyun Zhang, Kate Harvey, Alexander Swarbrick. Spatial transcriptomics unveils disparities in tumor microenvironment dynamics between breast cancer responders and non-responders [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Tumor-body Interactions: The Roles of Micro- and Macroenvironment in Cancer; 2024 Nov 17-20; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(22_Suppl):Abstract nr C040.
Abstract IA007: Respiratory viral infection promotes the awakening and outgrowth of dormant metastatic breast cancer cells in lungs
Authors: Chia Shi B. , Johnson Bryan J. , Hu Junxiao , Vermeulen Roel , Chadeau-Hyam Marc , Guntoro Fernando , Montgomery Hugh , Boorgula Meher , Sreekanth Varsha , Goodspeed Andrew , Davenport Bennett , Valenca-Pereira Felipe , Zaberezhnyy Vadym , Schleicher Wolfgang E , Gao Dexiang , Cadar Andreia N. , Papanicolaou Michael , Beheshti Afshin , Baylin Stephen B. , Costello James , Bartley Jenna M. , Morrison Thomas E. , Aguirre-Ghiso Julio A. , Rincon Mercedes , DeGregori James
Published: November 2024

Breast cancer is the second most common cancer globally. Most deaths from breast cancer are due to metastatic disease which often follows long periods of clinical dormancy. Understanding the mechanisms that disrupt the quiescence of dormant disseminated cancer cells (DCC) is crucial for addressing metastatic progression. Infection with respiratory viruses (e.g. influenza or SARS-CoV-2) is common and triggers an inflammatory response locally and systemically. Here we show that influenza virus infection leads to loss of the pro-dormancy mesenchymal phenotype in breast DCC in the lung, causing DCC proliferation within days of infection, and a greater than 100-fold expansion of carcinoma cells into metastatic lesions within two weeks. Such DCC phenotypic change and expansion is interleukin-6 (IL-6)-dependent. We further show that CD4 T cells are required for the maintenance of pulmonary metastatic burden post-influenza virus infection, in part through attenuation of CD8 cell responses in the lungs. Single-cell RNA-seq analyses reveal DCC-dependent impairment of T-cell activation in the lungs of infected mice. SARS-CoV-2 infected mice also showed increased breast DCC expansion in lungs post-infection. Expanding our findings to human observational data, we observed that cancer survivors contracting a SARS-CoV-2 infection have substantially increased risks of lung metastatic progression and cancer-related death compared to cancer survivors who did not. These discoveries underscore the significant impact of respiratory viral infections on the resurgence of metastatic cancer, offering novel insights into the interconnection between infectious diseases and cancer metastasis.

Citation Format: Shi B. Chia, Bryan J. Johnson, Junxiao Hu, Roel Vermeulen, Marc Chadeau-Hyam, Fernando Guntoro, Hugh Montgomery, Meher Boorgula, Varsha Sreekanth, Andrew Goodspeed, Bennett Davenport, Felipe Valenca-Pereira, Vadym Zaberezhnyy, Wolfgang E Schleicher, Dexiang Gao, Andreia N. Cadar, Michael Papanicolaou, Afshin Beheshti, Stephen B. Baylin, James Costello, Jenna M. Bartley, Thomas E. Morrison, Julio A. Aguirre-Ghiso, Mercedes Rincon, James DeGregori. Respiratory viral infection promotes the awakening and outgrowth of dormant metastatic breast cancer cells in lungs [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Tumor-body Interactions: The Roles of Micro- and Macroenvironment in Cancer; 2024 Nov 17-20; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(22_Suppl):Abstract nr IA007.
Abstract PR006: Arginine dependent immuno-metabolic reprogramming by metabolic enzyme PFKFB4 underpins breast tumor immune tolerance
Authors: Dai Tao , Dimeck Alphonse N. , Wang Hai , Liu Song , Abrams Scott I. , Dasgupta Subhamoy
Published: November 2024

Competition for nutrients in the tumor microenvironment (TME) can deprive cytotoxic T lymphocytes essential metabolites required for infiltration and activation. However, the underlying mechanisms by which tumor intrinsic oncogenic pathways control extracellular nutrient abundance to impart immunosuppressive TME is not well understood. Here, we show that oncogenic metabolic enzyme 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 4 (PFKFB4) constraints arginine availability in the TME, thereby suppressing CD8+ T cell cytotoxic functions allowing triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) immune evasion. Genetic ablation of PFKFB4 in breast tumor implantation mouse models resulted in tumor regression and effectively cleared residual tumors. Metabolic profiling of tumor interstitial fluid (TIF) demonstrated that increased arginine availability enhanced CD8+ T cell effector function in PFKFB4-depleted tumors. PFKFB4 is a bifunctional metabolic enzyme with a functional kinase and a phosphatase domain. Our mechanistic studies revealed that PFKFB4 functions as a protein kinase that phosphorylates and activates transcriptional coregulator NCOA3, which then induces NF-kB-dependent transcriptional activation of lipocalin-2, a siderophore-binding protein functioning as a cytokine. ELISA confirmed that increased secretion of lipocalin-2 by PFKFB4 reprogrammed the tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) towards a pro-tumorigenic phenotype. This phenotypic switch triggered arginine catabolism, due to rapid induction of arginase 1 (ARG1)-positive macrophages, that metabolically out competed CD8+ T cells impeding their proliferation. Phenocycler-based immunostaining of human breast tissue microarray revealed that breast tumors with increased levels of PFKFB4 had reduced infiltrating CD8+ T cells associated with poor clinical outcome, underscoring our findings that immuno- metabolic crosstalk regulated by PFKFB4 is a critical mediator of immune evasion in TNBC.

Citation Format: Tao Dai, Alphonse N. Dimeck, Hai Wang, Song Liu, Scott I. Abrams, Subhamoy Dasgupta. Arginine dependent immuno-metabolic reprogramming by metabolic enzyme PFKFB4 underpins breast tumor immune tolerance [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Tumor-body Interactions: The Roles of Micro- and Macroenvironment in Cancer; 2024 Nov 17-20; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(22_Suppl):Abstract nr PR006.
Relation of Endocan Serum Levels with Patient Characteristics and Morphological Features of Uterine Fibroids: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Başkır Inci , Özyer Şebnem
Published: November 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the serum endocan levels of patients with uterine fibroids and the healthy control group. Design: A case-control study was designed. Participants/Materials: The study group includes women diagnosed with uterine fibroids, and the control group includes healthy women. Setting: The study was conducted at a tertiary education and research hospital with 130 women (uterine fibroid group, n = 65; control group, n = 65). Methods: Serum endocan levels were determined in the study and control groups using the ELISA method. The number of uterine fibroids was identified, and the volume of uterine fibroids was calculated with ellipsoid formula by ultrasonography. The primary outcome parameter was serum endocan levels in patients with uterine fibroids and healthy control groups. Second, it is aimed to determine the distribution of the serum endocan level of patients according to uterine fibroid number, volume, and clinical presentation. Results: The mean serum endocan level of patient with uterine fibroid was 145.18 ± 169.86 (median: 94.10; Q25–Q75%: 54.50–116.50) pg/mL; it was 88.94 ± 54.21 (median: 76.9; Q25–Q75%: 64.20–152.65) pg/mL in the control group (p = 0.016). According to ROC analysis, cutoff value of the endocan level for uterine fibroid was determined as ≥133.1 pg/mL. For the cutoff value of 133.1 pg/mL, sensitivity was 36.92%, specificity was 89.23%, positive predictive value was 77.40%, and negative predictive value was 58.60%. Above this cutoff value, a 4.8-fold increased significant risk (OR) for uterine fibroid was detected. Limitations: The major limitation of the study is the lack of histopathological examination. Conclusion: Serum endocan levels were found to be higher in women with uterine fibroids compared to the control group, so endocan may be considered as a significant serum marker.
São Paulo e os Pioneiros: Novos Encontros
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Economia, Administração, Contabilidade e Atuária, Marcovitch Jacques , Bruno Maria Cristina Oliveira ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia
Published: November 2024

Lançado em setembro de 2020, São Paulo e os Pioneiros: Novos Encontros nasce da exposição de mesmo nome realizada em 2019 no Palácio dos Campos Elíseos. Com o professor Jacques Marcovitch e a pesquisadora museóloga Maria Cristina Oliveira Bruno como coordenadores, a obra reúne textos, narrativas e imagens que retratam a trajetória dos pioneiros paulistas, bem como o cenário econômico, político e cultural enfrentado por eles no passado, até os desafios do presente. Além disso, o livro é o terceiro volume da coleção Pioneiros e Empreendedores: A Saga do Desenvolvimento no Brasil, que em três volumes consegue articular conhecimentos e práticas diversas para contar as histórias de pessoas visionárias que foram responsáveis por transformar a economia e a política do Brasil ao longo dos anos.
A audiodescrição como mediação para estudar o papel da luz no teatro visual de Robert Wilson
Authors: Motta Lívia Maria Villela de Mello , Alves Jefferson Fernandes , Figueiredo Laura Maria de
Published: November 2024

This study proposes an audio description of four photographs taken from the work Shakespeare’s Sonnets, directed by Robert Wilson and performed with the Berliner Ensemble in 2009, considering the presence of stage lighting in these images. These descriptive texts were created for the enjoyment of people with visual impairments and aim to promote the understanding of the poetics of stage lighting in this play. Such audio-described images are part of the teaching material of a stage lighting class aimed at blind people or people with low vision. To do this, we articulate parameters for audio description in the classroom by Livia Motta, with the ideas of Adolphe Appia on the role of light in modern theater. The conclusions point to aspects of the visual composition of this staging, shown by the verbal language of the audio-descriptive text, to expand such mediation to audiences with and without visual impairment.
A trajetória pendular do TEN: ir e vir na prática de mediação com o público
Authors: Soledade Viviane da
Published: November 2024

O Teatro Experimental do Negro teve a difícil tarefa de se manter entre a negritude e a branquitude para agradar seu público e se estabelecer como artistas no país. A imagem do pêndulo nos remete ao grupo teatral perspectivado no interior do dilema de seu tempo, que o fez ir e vir entre contextos sociais, arriscando, inclusive, fraturar a radicalidade de um projeto militante. Mas alude também ao ir e vir como prática de mediação e, nesse sentido, pedagógica de um público majoritariamente branco. Propõe-se a reflexão de como o perfil do público, com suas vivências, posicionamentos e gostos, pode influenciar na concepção de cena de um grupo e em sua trajetória; um problema teórico e prático que diz respeito não somente ao trabalho do coletivo de artistas negros, mas a qualquer produção e projeto teatral contemporâneo. A exemplo da prática artística do TEN, buscam-se implicações dentro e fora de cena de produções teatrais negras sem a recepção de espectadores negros. Então sugere a investigação de como o público pode influenciar as dinâmicas teatrais, principalmente quando os corpos em cena estão inseridos em códigos prévios a sua anunciação que precisam ser radicalmente combatidos.
Performatividade imprevista: propostas de mediação do grupo iNerTE para a construção de um debate pelo avesso
Authors: Simões Giuliana
Published: November 2024

Diante de uma obra de arte, a leitura dos diversos signos oferecidos ocorre tanto sobre a obra quanto para além dela; a leitura da cena corresponde a criações recuperadas pelos espectadores, sempre de maneira diversa e imprevisível. Este artigo apresenta os estudos de mediação efetivados pelo grupo Instável Núcleo de Estudos de Recepção Teatral (iNerTE), que procura entrecruzar o estudo de teorias da recepção e a prática de mediação proposta aos espectadores. Entre as ações de mediação organizadas pelo grupo, destacamos os diálogos com espectadores, ocorridos após a apresentação de espetáculos, que batizamos de debates pelo avesso. Como estudo de caso, descrevemos o debate realizado a partir do espetáculo 66 minutos em Damasco, apresentado na I Bienal Internacional de Teatro da Universidade de São Paulo – Realidades Incendiárias, em 2013. Torna-se possível constatar, a partir dessa análise, que o engajamento dos participantes em um debate não se efetiva apenas pelo divertimento, tendo em vista o ambiente de ludicidade em que pode se instaurar, mas que se faz necessário que partilhemos o propósito de estarmos ali. Além disso, notamos que os eixos reflexivos da pesquisa desenvolvida pelo grupo são instauradores do convite, evidenciando o momento primordial em que os espectadores revisitam as próprias referências em busca da leitura dos signos artísticos apresentados pela obra.
Chapter 4: Politics of the Memory of Deportation and Interethnic Relations in Post-2014 Crimea
Authors: Muratova Elmira
Published: November 2024

This article analyses the Crimean Tatars’ politics of the memory of deportation in post-Soviet Crimea, and focuses on the changes in these politics since Russia’s annexation of Crimea in 2014. This article is organized as follows. First, I outline the main memory-related practices associated with deportation, following the mass repatriation of Crimean Tatars in the early 1990s. Second, I describe the changes that have occurred in the politics of the memory of deportation since the 2014 annexation of Crimea. Third, I use interviews and social media analysis to show how these changes were perceived by the Crimean Tatars. Finally, based on expert interviews, I discuss how these changes affected interethnic relations in Crimea. I argue that Russia’s policy regarding the Crimean Tatars’ memory of the deportation in annexed Crimea is intended to depoliticize and regulate it according to official narratives about the Soviet past, and has the potential to exacerbate interethnic relations.
Chapter 5: Consequences of War-Induced Displacement and the Shifting Cartography of Belonging of Ukraine’s Ahiska (Meskhetian) Turks, Crimean Tatars, and Roma since 2014
Authors: Sereda Viktoriya , Homanyuk Mykola
Published: November 2024

This article focuses on consequences of Russian aggression and war-induced displacement on minority groups that are often overlooked by both Ukrainian minority studies within Ukraine as well as by international migration research: the Ahiska (Meskhetian) Turks, Crimean Tatars, and Roma. Due to their location in the south and east of the country, all three were strongly affected by Russian aggression in 2014, and especially after the full-scale invasion which began on 24 February 2022. Most research on displaced Ukrainian nationals focuses on the West-East (European Union (EU)-Russia) nexus and ignores the South. This article compares the experience of displacement of the three groups, in relation to 1) migration to Türkiye (for Ahiska Turks and Crimean Tatars) and 2) resettlement to other countries and internal displacement (for the Roma). It focuses on the (trans)national experience of displacement for minorities, as well as how this displacement and the response of receiving countries affects their sense of belonging. The study is based on a mixed-method approach combining desk research and qualitative in-depth interviews conducted with representatives of each community between 2014 and 2023, both in Ukraine and in their destination countries.
Chapter 6: The Impact (or Not) of the War in Ukraine on Russian Minorities and Minorities Policy
Authors: Bowring Bill
Published: November 2024

In this article I show how the Russian Federation (Russia) seeks to sustain an impression of business as usual in its minorities policy and administration, while normalising as far as possible the results of its illegal annexation of Crimea in 2014, and its full-scale invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022. I start with the controversial All-Russian Census, 2020–2021, conducted from October to December 2021, and the disputes concerning its results. Second, I turn to the Fifth Report submitted by Russia to the Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (FCNM) on 13 April 2021. Third, I pay close attention to the activities of the Federal Agency for Affairs of Nationalities (ethnic minorities), FADN, and its Director Igor Barinov, which have continued their programme of work. Fourth, Putin’s war on Ukraine has impacted directly on Russia’s ethnic minorities, which have supplied the great majority of young soldiers.
Chapter 13: Educational Reform in Estonia and Latvia
Authors: Pettai Vello
Published: November 2024

Russia’s war in Ukraine has put renewed pressure on the Russian-speaking minorities of Estonia and Latvia. A particularly delicate realm in which this stress is playing out is Russian-language education. The authorities in both countries have made a decision in 2022 to phase out Russian-language education at all levels, meaning that these schools will gradually be transferred to the national language within three to six years. This article reviews the history of minority educational reform in Estonia and Latvia, and it outlines the details of the current transition. It assesses these changes both politically and in the light of international legal norms, finding that the reforms represent a clear shift in the paradigm of ‘minority integration’ toward greater nation-state preponderance.
A new species of freshwater crab from the East Usambara Mountains of Tanzania, East Africa, with a redescription of Telphusa infravallata Hilgendorf, 1898 (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae)
Authors: CUMBERLIDGE NEIL , CONNERS PAIGE M.
Published: November 2024

This work describes a new species of freshwater crab from the East Usambara Mountains of Tanzania from previously unidentified museum material. A second species from these mountains, T. infravallata Hilgendorf, 1898, is redescribed based on reexamination of the type material, and its gonopods and mandible are illustrated for the first time. Diagnoses, illustrations, and a distribution map are provided for these species.
Atmosphere–Ocean–Sea Ice Feedbacks Sustain Recent Barents Sea Ice Loss despite Cooler Atlantic Water Inflow
Authors: Chatterjee Sourav , Semmler Tido , Screen James , Furevik Tore , Selivanova Julia , Raj Roshin P. , Murukesh Nuncio , Ravichandran M.
Published: November 2024

Winter sea ice cover has declined faster in the northern Barents Sea (NBS) than in the rest of the Arctic Ocean. One of the key elements controlling sea ice extent in the NBS is the inflow of warm and saline Atlantic water (AW) through the Barents Sea Opening. We show that despite a pronounced decadal variability in the AW temperature with a cooling trend since the mid-2000s, sea ice in the NBS continues to decline. We find that the sea ice decline is partly caused by reduced oceanic heat loss in the southern Barents Sea (SBS) and subsequent transport of warmer AW downstream to the NBS. Moreover, reduced heat loss contributes to increased sea surface height (SSH) in the SBS and sets up a meridional SSH gradient between SBS and NBS. This reduces the inflow of colder Arctic waters from the eastern Barents Sea, which contributes to further warming in the NBS. Results from idealized coupled climate model experiments with reduced Arctic sea ice suggest that these observed features can be driven by sea ice loss. Thus, despite the AW cooling trend, positive feedback from sea ice loss in the NBS, which involves reduced oceanic heat loss in the SBS and less inflow of cold Arctic waters, favors a continuous decline of sea ice in the NBS.

Significance Statement

Barents Sea region of the Arctic, with the largest changes in terms of atmospheric warming and sea ice loss, is of crucial importance not only for the Arctic region but also has potential implications for weather and climate in midlatitudes and the tropics. Here, in this study, we employ comprehensive approach with observational datasets and climate model experiments to identify recent on-going changes in Barents Sea climate and highlight the importance of sea ice loss in it.
Epilogue to special issue on strengths of the heart
Authors: Shaughnessy Michael F.
Published: November 2024

This brief paper reviews the articles in this special issue and summarizes contributions and provides suggestions for future research.
A guide for structured literature reviews in business research: The state-of-the-art and how to integrate generative artificial intelligence
Authors: Tingelhoff Fabian , Brugger Micha , Leimeister Jan Marco
Published: November 2024

Generative artificial intelligence (Gen.AI) is capable of significantly improving the breadth and depth of structured literature reviews (SLRs). However, its inclusion raises essential questions regarding the review’s methodology, quality, and ethical implications. Previous research predominantly focused on the capabilities and limitations of Gen.AI to establish guidelines for research practices. However, the rapid evolution of Gen.AI often outpaces the publication of methodological papers. In response, our study adopts a criteria-centric approach, scrutinizing the scientific quality standards that Gen.AI must meet. In other words, instead of discussing what Gen.AI can and cannot do, we discuss what we should allow Gen.AI to do, irrespective of its capabilities. Our study informs researchers in the art and science of SLRs. First, we analyze the established state-of-the-art processes and associated quality standards in SLRs. From this, we synthesize a unified process and criterion set, not only underpinning a comprehensive understanding of the extant SLR methodologies but also serving as the foundational framework for integrating Gen.AI. Second, we delineate the specific scenarios conducive to incorporating Gen.AI into this fundamental framework, as well as situations where its integration may not be suitable. Our contribution is further solidified by providing a detailed, step-by-step guide—akin to a “cooking recipe”—to effectively integrate Gen.AI in SLRs, ensuring adherence to established quality criteria.
Unclear Trajectory and Uncertain Benefit: Creating a Lexicon for Clinical Uncertainty in Patients with Critical or Advanced Illness Using a Delphi Consensus Process
Authors: McGowan Samuel K. , Corrales-Martinez Maria-Jose , Brender Teva , Smith Alexander K. , Kim Shannen , Harrison Krista L. , Mills Hunter , Lee Albert , Bamman David , Cobert Julien
Published: November 2024

Background

Clinical uncertainty is associated with increased resource utilization, worsened health-related quality of life for patients, and provider burnout, particularly during critical illness. Existing data are limited, because determining uncertainty from notes typically requires manual, qualitative review. We sought to develop a consensus list of descriptors of clinical uncertainty and then, using a thematic analysis approach, describe how respondents consider their use in intensive care unit (ICU) notes, such that future work can extract uncertainty data at scale.

Design

We conducted a Delphi consensus study with physicians across multiple institutions nationally who care for critically ill patients or patients with advanced illnesses. Participants were given a definition for clinical uncertainty and collaborated through multiple rounds to determine which words represent uncertainty in clinician notes. We also administered surveys that included open-ended questions to participants about clinical uncertainty. Following derivation of a consensus list, we analyzed participant responses using thematic analysis to understand the role of uncertainty in clinical documentation.

Results

Nineteen physicians participated in at least 2 of the Delphi rounds. Consensus was achieved for 44 words or phrases over 5 rounds of the Delphi process. Clinicians described comfort with using uncertainty terms and used them in a variety of ways: documenting and processing the diagnostic thinking process, enlisting help, identifying incomplete information, and practicing transparency to reflect uncertainty that was present.

Conclusions

Using a consensus process, we created an uncertainty lexicon that can be used for uncertainty data extraction from the medical record. We demonstrate that physicians, particularly in the ICU, are comfortable with uncertainty and document uncertainty terms frequently to convey the complexity and ambiguity that is pervasive in critical illness.

Highlights

Question: What words do physicians caring for critically ill patients use to document clinical uncertainty, and why? Findings: A consensus list of 44 words or phrases was identified by a group of experts. Physicians expressed comfort with using these words in the electronic health record. Meaning: Physicians are comfortable with uncertainty words and document them frequently to convey the complexity and ambiguity that is pervasive in critical illness.
Nuclear pleomorphism in canine cutaneous mast cell tumors: Comparison of reproducibility and prognostic relevance between estimates, manual morphometry, and algorithmic morphometry
Authors: Haghofer Andreas , Parlak Eda , Bartel Alexander , Donovan Taryn A. , Assenmacher Charles-Antoine , Bolfa Pompei , Dark Michael J. , Fuchs-Baumgartinger Andrea , Klang Andrea , Jäger Kathrin , Klopfleisch Robert , Merz Sophie , Richter Barbara , Schulman F. Yvonne , Janout Hannah , Ganz Jonathan , Scharinger Josef , Aubreville Marc , Winkler Stephan M. , Kiupel Matti , Bertram Christof A.
Published: November 2024

Variation in nuclear size and shape is an important criterion of malignancy for many tumor types; however, categorical estimates by pathologists have poor reproducibility. Measurements of nuclear characteristics can improve reproducibility, but current manual methods are time-consuming. The aim of this study was to explore the limitations of estimates and develop alternative morphometric solutions for canine cutaneous mast cell tumors (ccMCTs). We assessed the following nuclear evaluation methods for accuracy, reproducibility, and prognostic utility: (1) anisokaryosis estimates by 11 pathologists; (2) gold standard manual morphometry of at least 100 nuclei; (3) practicable manual morphometry with stratified sampling of 12 nuclei by 9 pathologists; and (4) automated morphometry using deep learning–based segmentation. The study included 96 ccMCTs with available outcome information. Inter-rater reproducibility of anisokaryosis estimates was low (k = 0.226), whereas it was good (intraclass correlation = 0.654) for practicable morphometry of the standard deviation (SD) of nuclear size. As compared with gold standard manual morphometry (area under the ROC curve [AUC] = 0.839, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.701–0.977), the prognostic value (tumor-specific survival) of SDs of nuclear area for practicable manual morphometry and automated morphometry were high with an AUC of 0.868 (95% CI = 0.737–0.991) and 0.943 (95% CI = 0.889–0.996), respectively. This study supports the use of manual morphometry with stratified sampling of 12 nuclei and algorithmic morphometry to overcome the poor reproducibility of estimates. Further studies are needed to validate our findings, determine inter-algorithmic reproducibility and algorithmic robustness, and explore tumor heterogeneity of nuclear features in entire tumor sections.
The Pandemic, Protests, and Perceptions of the Police: How COVID-19 and the Murder of George Floyd Affected Public Trust in the Chicago Police Department
Authors: McCarty William P. , Kim Dae-Young
Published: November 2024

This study examines whether views of the police in Chicago were altered by the pandemic and the release of a video depicting George Floyd's murder. Panel data analysis is used to examine over six years of monthly survey data tabulated by the Chicago Police Department's private partner and made available to the public through an open data portal. The study finds evidence of a short-lived rally to the flag effect during the first stage of the pandemic, but only among White and Hispanic survey respondents. Views of the police decreased significantly for Black respondents during a later stage of the pandemic. Contrary to expectations, the survey data show an immediate improvement in public views of the police by Black and Hispanic respondents after the George Floyd video was released. Consistent with expectations, a steady month-by-month drop in those views then started before trending more positive in 2022 and extending through the end of the study period. The implications of the findings, in periods of emergency and otherwise, are also explored.
A Validity Study of the Traditional Chinese Version of the Claremont Purpose Scale for Taiwanese Adolescents
Authors: Tsai Huei-Wen , Cheng Ching-Ling
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties and gather evidence supporting the validity of scores from a traditional Chinese version of the Claremont Purpose Scale (TC-CPS) among Taiwanese adolescents. The TC-CPS, measuring meaningfulness, goal directedness, and beyond-the-self orientation, was administered to 233 high school and 445 university students. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a second-order model with three first-order factors. Scores from the instrument demonstrated evidence of good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Additionally, evidence supporting concurrent validity was observed through correlations with scores from measures of identified purpose, search for purpose, life satisfaction, and depression. Each purpose dimension was significantly related to youth’s well-being, except for the beyond-the-self dimension, which showed no significant link to depression. Measurement invariance across gender and educational stages was established. The TC-CPS exhibited robust psychometric properties, suggesting its utility for assessing purpose in life among Taiwanese youth. This evaluation of the psychometric properties and validity evidence of scores from the TC-CPS supports its potential to serve as a valuable instrument for understanding and promoting adolescent purpose development in Taiwan. The instrument can be particularly useful in the current educational context in Taiwan, which emphasizes self-exploration and meaningful goal-setting.
Vibration characteristics of a high-speed turbocharger rotor with mass unbalance based on simulation and experiment
Authors: Wang Longkai , Hu Lin , Zhang Jie , Liao Jiacai
Published: November 2024

Aiming at the problem of large-amplitude vibration appearing in turbochargers due to the effect of unbalance and nonlinear oil whirl/whip during operation, vibration characteristics with the variation of unbalance is studied by combining the simulation and the experimental test. Based on FE method and DOF reduction technique, a realistic turbocharging rotor is discretized into a series of master- and sub-elements by Timoshenko beam theory. The motion equations of turbocharger rotor-bearing system are derived by coupling rotor-floating ring equation and the oil-film Reynold equation. The research focuses on the unbalance effect on the sub-synchronous vibration and the total vibration level. The unbalance distribution, unbalance level, and the relative phase are the variables in the study. The result shows that 0.12× sub-synchronous from outer oil-film instability is responsible to the severe vibration at high-speed working conditions. Meaningfully, a suitable unbalance can significantly increase the onset speed for instability, and reduce overall vibration level. The mass unbalance of 1.5 g·mm on the compressor side shows good vibration characteristics, while the unbalance on the turbine side should be eliminated as much as possible. The proposed research provides a certain guidance for suppressing the total vibration level, and to control the unbalance in turbocharger rotor during operation.