bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sensitive voltammetric detection of yeast RNA based on its interaction with Victoria Blue B
Authors: Zhang Weili , Niu Xueliang , Zhao Na , Sun Wei
Published: December 2009

Voltammetric studies of the interaction of yeast RNA (y-RNA) with Victoria Blue B (VBB) are described in this paper. Furthermore, a linear sweep voltammetric method for the detection of y-RNA was established. The reaction conditions, such as acidity and amount of buffer solution, the concentration of VBB, the reaction time and temperature, etc., were carefully investigated by second order derivative linear sweep voltammetry. Under the optimal conditions, the reduction peak current of VBB at -0.75V decreased greatly after the addition of y-RNA to the solution without any shift of the reduction peak potential. Based on the decrease of the peak current, a new quantitative method for the determination of y-RNA was developed. The effects of co-existing substances on the determination were carefully investigated and three synthetic samples were determined with satisfactory results. The stoichiometry of the VBB-y-RNA complex was calculated by linear sweep voltammetry and the interaction mechanism is discussed.
Geochemistry of Fe3+ in the hydrothermal dickite from Jedlina Zdroj (Lower Silesia, Poland)
Authors: Premovic Pavle , Ciesielczuk Justyna , Todorovic Bratislav , Djordjevic Dragan , Krstic Nenad
Published: December 2009

Geochemical analysis for Fe was made on a representative sample of dickite-rich hydrothermal clay from Jedlina Zdroj. The mineralogy of the sample is comparatively simple, dickite being the principal component (>95 wt. % of the total sample), with lesser amounts of goethite and barite. Geochemical fractionation and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry indicated that most of the Fe (ca. 97 wt. % of the total metal) resides in the dickite. Electron spin resonance showed that some of the Fe in the dickite structure is in the form of Fe3+. A substantial proportion of these ions (as well as Fe) in the dickite matrix were probably contained in the original hydrothermal dickite-forming solution. From the geochemistry of Fe3+, it was deduced that the oxidation potential (Eh) and pH of the solution during the formation of dickite from the Jedlina Zdroj were approximately 0.45-0.95 V (highly oxygenated) and 0-4 (highly acidic), respectively.
Compromise in cooperative game and the VIKOR method
Authors: Opricovic Serafim
Published: December 2009

Five approaches in conflict resolution are distinguished, based on cooperativeness and aggressiveness in resolving conflict. Compromise based on cooperativeness is emphasized here as a solution in conflict resolution. Cooperative game theory oriented towards aiding the conflict resolution is considered and the compromise value for TU(transferable utility)-game is presented. The method VIKOR could be applied to determine compromise solution of a multicriteria decision making problem with noncommensurable and conflicting criteria. Compromise is considered as an intermediate state between conflicting objectives or criteria reached by mutual concession. The applicability of the cooperative game theory and the VIKOR method for conflict resolution is illustrated.
Interior-point algorithms for a class of convex optimization problems
Authors: Lesaja Goran , Slaughter Verlynda
Published: December 2009

In this paper we consider interior-point methods (IPM) for the nonlinear, convex optimization problem where the objective function is a weighted sum of reciprocals of variables subject to linear constraints (SOR). This problem appears often in various applications such as statistical stratified sampling and entropy problems, to mention just few examples. The SOR is solved using two IPMs. First, a homogeneous IPM is used to solve the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions of the problem which is a standard approach. Second, a homogeneous conic quadratic IPM is used to solve the SOR as a reformulated conic quadratic problem. As far as we are aware of it, this is a novel approach not yet considered in the literature. The two approaches are then numerically tested on a set of randomly generated problems using optimization software MOSEK. They are compared by CPU time and the number of iterations, showing that the second approach works better for problems with higher dimensions. The main reason is that although the first approach increases the number of variables, the IPM exploits the structure of the conic quadratic reformulation much better than the structure of the original problem.
The Interdependence between Institutional Ownership and Information Dissemination by Data Aggregators
Authors: D'Souza Julia M. , Ramesh K. , Shen Min
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACT: This study examines the interdependence between institutional ownership and the speed with which Standard & Poor's disseminates corporate accounting information. From the demand-side perspective, we find that quasi-indexers, who rely on corporate accounting information as a low-cost monitoring system, are the key driver of the institutional demand for speedy information dissemination. In addition, dissemination speed increases substantially for stocks listed in major market indices but decreases with high arbitrage risk or transaction costs. From the consequences perspective, we find that both transient investors and quasi-indexers gravitate to stocks with faster information dissemination, consistent with the latter using accounting information as a low-cost performance-monitoring mechanism, and the former being better enabled to implement their trading strategies in a richer information environment. Overall, this study provides new insights into the capital market information infrastructure by examining how information intermediaries and sophisticated investors impact each others' resource allocation decisions.
Managers' EPS Forecasts: Nickeling and Diming the Market?
Authors: Bamber Linda Smith , Hui Kai Wai , Yeung P. Eric
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACT: Nearly half of managers' forecasts of annual earnings per share (EPS) end in nickel intervals, whereas only about 20 percent of actual EPS end in nickel intervals. We provide evidence on the attributes, determinants, and consequences of this systematic wedge between managers' predictions and firms' ex post actual performance. Managers' nickel forecasts are not simply a benign response to uncertainty about upcoming earnings, because nickel forecasts are not only less accurate, but also they are more optimistically biased than non-nickel forecasts. In addition to uncertainty, efforts to protect the firm's proprietary information and self-serving opportunism in response to managers' economic incentives also play incremental roles in explaining managers' propensity to issue forecasts heaped at nickel intervals. We also find that managers' nickel forecasts spur even active analysts to issue forecasts heaped at nickel intervals, although analysts' forecast revisions partially adjust for the optimism and noise in managers' nickel forecasts.
Insulin Acutely Inhibits Intestinal Lipoprotein Secretion in Humans in Part by Suppressing Plasma Free Fatty Acids
Authors: Pavlic Mirjana , Xiao Changting , Szeto Linda , Patterson Bruce W. , Lewis Gary F.
Published: December 2009

OBJECTIVE

Intestinal lipoprotein production has recently been shown to be increased in insulin resistance, but it is not known whether it is regulated by insulin in humans. Here, we investigated the effect of acute hyperinsulinemia on intestinal (and hepatic) lipoprotein production in six healthy men in the presence and absence of concomitant suppression of plasma free fatty acids (FFAs).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Each subject underwent the following three lipoprotein turnover studies, in random order, 4–6 weeks apart: 1) insulin and glucose infusion (euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp) to induce hyperinsulinemia, 2) insulin and glucose infusion plus Intralipid and heparin infusion to prevent the insulin-induced suppression of plasma FFAs, and 3) saline control.

RESULTS

VLDL1 and VLDL2-apoB48 and -apoB100 production rates were suppressed by 47–62% by insulin, with no change in clearance. When the decline in FFAs was prevented by concomitant infusion of Intralipid and heparin, the production rates of VLDL1 and VLDL2-apoB48 and -apoB100 were intermediate between insulin and glucose infusion and saline control.

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first demonstration in humans that intestinal apoB48-containing lipoprotein production is acutely suppressed by insulin, which may involve insulin's direct effects and insulin-mediated suppression of circulating FFAs.
Restoration of Muscle Mitochondrial Function and Metabolic Flexibility in Type 2 Diabetes by Exercise Training Is Paralleled by Increased Myocellular Fat Storage and Improved Insulin Sensitivity
Authors: Meex Ruth C.R. , Schrauwen-Hinderling Vera B. , Moonen-Kornips Esther , Schaart Gert , Mensink Marco , Phielix Esther , van de Weijer Tineke , Sels Jean-Pierre , Schrauwen Patrick , Hesselink Matthijs K.C.
Published: December 2009

OBJECTIVE

Mitochondrial dysfunction and fat accumulation in skeletal muscle (increased intramyocellular lipid [IMCL]) have been linked to development of type 2 diabetes. We examined whether exercise training could restore mitochondrial function and insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Eighteen male type 2 diabetic and 20 healthy male control subjects of comparable body weight, BMI, age, and Vo2max participated in a 12-week combined progressive training program (three times per week and 45 min per session). In vivo mitochondrial function (assessed via magnetic resonance spectroscopy), insulin sensitivity (clamp), metabolic flexibility (indirect calorimetry), and IMCL content (histochemically) were measured before and after training.

RESULTS

Mitochondrial function was lower in type 2 diabetic compared with control subjects (P = 0.03), improved by training in control subjects (28% increase; P = 0.02), and restored to control values in type 2 diabetic subjects (48% increase; P < 0.01). Insulin sensitivity tended to improve in control subjects (delta Rd 8% increase; P = 0.08) and improved significantly in type 2 diabetic subjects (delta Rd 63% increase; P < 0.01). Suppression of insulin-stimulated endogenous glucose production improved in both groups (−64%; P < 0.01 in control subjects and −52% in diabetic subjects; P < 0.01). After training, metabolic flexibility in type 2 diabetic subjects was restored (delta respiratory exchange ratio 63% increase; P = 0.01) but was unchanged in control subjects (delta respiratory exchange ratio 7% increase; P = 0.22). Starting with comparable pretraining IMCL levels, training tended to increase IMCL content in type 2 diabetic subjects (27% increase; P = 0.10), especially in type 2 muscle fibers.

CONCLUSIONS

Exercise training restored in vivo mitochondrial function in type 2 diabetic subjects. Insulin-mediated glucose disposal and metabolic flexibility improved in type 2 diabetic subjects in the face of near–significantly increased IMCL content. This indicates that increased capacity to store IMCL and restoration of improved mitochondrial function contribute to improved muscle insulin sensitivity.
Synthesis characterization and hydroformylation activity of new mononuclear rhodium(I) compounds incorporated with polar-group functionalized phosphines
Authors: Vasam Chandra , Modem Sarangapani , Kankala Shravankumar , Kanne Shanker , Budige Geeta , Vadde Ravinder
Published: December 2009

A first effort employing a range of polar-group functionalized phosphines (L 1 –L 7 ) to design mononuclear Rh(I) compounds of [Rh(quin-8-O)(CO)(L)] (quin-8-O = 8-hydroxy quinolate) is described. The reaction of a Rh(I) precursor [Rh(μ-Cl)(CO)2]2 with 8-hydroxyquinoline in the presence of a base followed by phosphines (L 1 –L 7 ) produced only a single isomer of [Rh(quin-8-O)(CO)(L)] compounds (1–7) with pendant, i.e. non-bonded, polar-groups (includes carboxyl, hydroxyl and formyl). A relationship between Δgd31P chemical shifts and the ν(C≡O) was derived to evaluate and explain the σ-donor properties of these phosphines with respect to the electronic properties of the polar groups and the extent of π-back-bonding to the CO group. These mononuclear Rh(I)-Phosphines were investigated as catalysts in the hydroformylation of 1-hexene and cyclohexene in aqueous two-phase and single-phase solvent systems. The Rh(I) catalysts with strong σ-donor and hydrophilic phosphines provided better yields and selectivities for the hydroformylation products, which is a reverse trend compared to literature reports. When the Rh(I) compounds contained strong σ-donor phosphines, the π-acceptor properties of the pyridine ring of 8-hydroxyquinolate were found to be beneficial for the facile cleavage of the CO group during hydroformylation, and additionally, to improve the kinetic stability of catalysts.
Content-Based Instruction: What Can We Learn from Content-Trained Teachers’ and Language-Trained Teachers’ Pedagogies?
Authors: Kong Stella
Published: December 2009

This article reports on a study of the pedagogies of two content-trained teachers and two language-trained teachers in their content-based second language (L2) classrooms at the middle-school level in two Chinese contexts: Hong Kong and Xi'an. The study aims to identify pedagogies that support content and language learning, referred to here as ‘content and language pedagogies.’ The findings suggest that while the complex content at the middle-school level leads to correspondingly more complex language use, which therefore provides a strong foundation for advancing both content and language learning, the content must be explored in depth and from different perspectives to enable complex knowledge relationships to be co-constructed by the teacher and students through the use of correspondingly complex language to support this learning. This requires teachers to be aware of language form–function relationships.
From Grade School to University: The Variable Use ofon/nousby University FSL Students
Authors: Mougeon Françoise , Rehner Katherine
Published: December 2009

This study examines factors correlated with the use of nous and on by university students formerly enrolled in French immersion programs. Their variant frequency and stylistic appropriateness are compared to those of (1) former core French university students; (2) French as a second language (FSL) speakers in a francophone environment; and (3) native speakers of French. The study also explores whether the former immersion students' use is closer to native norms than is that of high school immersion students and, if so, what factors trigger such a change from high school to university. The findings show that the former immersion students use on more frequently than do high school immersion and former core French learners. Furthermore, among the former immersion students, those with early exposure to and prolonged institutional contact with French and those who use French frequently tend to use on and nous in ways approaching use by FSL speakers in a francophone environment and native speakers of French.
Geographic Information System Framework for Stormwater Drainage Asset Management
Authors: Gharaibeh Nasir G. , Camacho Gema , Elgendy Mohamed , Ramirez Irene D.
Published: December 2009

Stormwater drainage systems (open channels, culverts, conduits, pump stations, etc.) are managed by municipalities, utilities, and departments of transportation (DOTs) to collect rainfall, control storm peak flow, and reduce the risk of flooding during extreme storm events. Effective management of drainage systems is especially critical in the era of climate change and rapid urbanization, when more frequent and more intense than normal floods are expected to occur. Asset management offers an alternative to the crisis management approach to dealing with drainage infrastructure failures in the aftermath of floods. This paper addresses key data issues in stormwater drainage asset management, including defining inventory data requirements, developing practical condition assessment methods that consider both hydraulic capacity and physical conditions of drainage assets, and integrating inventory and condition data and documents in a geographic information system (GIS) framework. The developed GIS framework was applied to the stormwater drainage system in El Paso, Texas. In the short term, this framework can help municipalities, utilities, and DOTs to focus on data that are sufficiently detailed to be useful for asset management but not so demanding of time and resources as to be unaffordable to collect and maintain. The long-term benefits, yet to be proved through testing and implementation, are more cost-effective strategies for preserving and improving drainage systems and for reducing the risk of costly flooding.
Life-Cycle Cost Approach to Infrastructure Cost Calculation and Allocation
Authors: Liedtke Gernot , Scholz Aaron B.
Published: December 2009

A forward-looking approach to infrastructure cost calculation is presented. The approach assumes a semiprivate infrastructure operator to determine user charges. The calculated tariffs provide an incentive for the operator to maintain and develop further the road network in a sustainable manner. The approach subdivides the road infrastructure network into its individual structures and calculates the asset value of each structure separately. Unit prices for structures are calculated on the basis of information pertaining to the construction cost of recently completed infrastructure investment projects. It is assumed that maintenance and investment decisions are undertaken before the prediction of traffic flows in such a way that influenceable life-cycle cost is minimized. The cost for each user generation is allocated to different user categories on the basis of the principles of cooperative game theory, reconciling fairness and efficiency criteria. The principles of life-cycle cost analysis guarantee that the developed approach is compatible with cost–benefit analysis, engineering design guidelines, and the International Accounting Standards. Compared with traditional infrastructure cost calculation methods, the developed approach allocates a lower percentage of costs to heavy goods vehicles and higher fees to the first user generations.
Adding Green Performance Metrics to a Transportation Data Archive
Authors: Bigazzi Alexander Y. , Bertini Robert L.
Published: December 2009

Transportation sustainability is of increasing concern to professionals and the public. This paper describes the modeling and calculation of sustainability performance measures in a transportation data archive. The purpose of these measures is to assess the sustainability of the Portland, Oregon, metropolitan freeway system. The measures were developed to be part of, and to use the data from, the Portland Oregon Regional Transportation Archive Listing (PORTAL) at Portland State University. These performance measures estimate vehicle emissions (carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds, nitrogen oxides, and carbon dioxide), fuel consumption, cost of time delay, and person mobility (travel in person hours and person miles and delay in person hours). Methods for modeling and necessary data are described. Future plans call for integrating these measures into the PORTAL web interface to expand the types of performance measures used for regional transportation planning and operations.
Estimation of Travel Time on Urban Networks with Midlink Sources and Sinks
Authors: Bhaskar Ashish , Chung Edward , Dumont André-Gilles
Published: December 2009

This paper presents a methodology for estimation of average travel time on signalized urban networks by integrating cumulative plots and probe data. This integration aims to reduce the relative deviations in the cumulative plots due to midlink sources and sinks. During undersaturated traffic conditions, the concept of a virtual probe is introduced, and therefore, accurate travel time can be obtained when a real probe is unavailable. For oversaturated traffic conditions, only one probe per travel time estimation interval–-360 s or 3% of vehicles traversing the link as a probe–-has the potential to provide accurate travel time.
Examining Common Distributional Assumptions of Travel Characteristics for Data Simulation
Authors: Zhang Yongping , Mohammadian Abolfazl (Kouros)
Published: December 2009

Issues about travel data limitation have been a growing concern for many urban areas. To address this problem, new research areas regarding the transferability of household travel survey data are emerging. It has been shown that local updating can significantly improve the quality of the transferred data. As part of a comprehensive research effort on the transferability of National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) data, this study attempts to fit 13 continuous distributions and 6 discrete distributions to various travel characteristics derived from the NHTS 2001 data sets. The best-fitted distributions are selected according to multiple criteria, including Anderson–Darling, chi-square, and Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests. The results of the analysis suggest that the assumption of normality does not hold for any of the travel characteristics in the sample. Instead, distributions such as gamma, Weibull, and exponential prove to dominate the best-fitted distributions for their respective applications. Despite the complexity of the best-fitted distributions, certain stable distributional patterns are shown to exist. This paper also summarizes the best distributional assumptions for various travel characteristics, followed by a brief introduction to their applications.
Video-Based Vehicle Detection and Tracking Using Spatiotemporal Maps
Authors: Malinovskiy Yegor , Wu Yao-Jan , Wang Yinhai
Published: December 2009

Surveillance video cameras have been increasingly deployed along roadways over the past decade. Automatic traffic data collection through surveillance video cameras is highly desirable; however, sight-degrading factors and camera vibrations make it an extremely challenging task. In this paper, a computer-vision–based algorithm for vehicle detection and tracking is presented, implemented, and tested. This new algorithm consists of four steps: user initialization, spatiotemporal map generation, strand analysis, and vehicle tracking. It relies on a single, environment-insensitive cue that can be easily obtained and analyzed without camera calibration. The proposed algorithm was implemented in Microsoft Visual C++ using OpenCV and Boost C++ graph libraries. Six test video data sets, representing a variety of lighting, flow level, and camera vibration conditions, were used to evaluate the performance of the new algorithm. Experimental results showed that environmental factors do not significantly impact the detection accuracy of the algorithm. Vehicle count errors ranged from 8% to 19% in the tests, with an overall average detection accuracy of 86.6%. Considering that the test scenarios were chosen to be challenging, such test results are encouraging.
Measuring Freeway Traffic Conditions with Transit Vehicles
Authors: Coifman Benjamin , Kim SeoungBum
Published: December 2009

Many public transit agencies have equipped their fleet with automatic vehicle location (AVL) systems, which periodically provide the location of each vehicle in the fleet. Although the AVL is deployed for transit operations, the vehicles also provide valuable information about the traffic stream throughout the road network. This study developed a methodology to mine the transit AVL data to find all trips that use any portion of a prespecified freeway segment. These trips are then used to measure travel time and average speed over the freeway and thereby quantify conditions on the facility. The results are validated against concurrent loop detector data from a corridor. The greatest benefits, however, are in areas without fixed vehicle detection, so the methodology is also demonstrated on such a freeway corridor. The study corridors typically have fewer than 50 observations per day per kilometer per direction, so this paper includes a process for selecting those segments with at least one observation per hour. Even with this low density of observations, the data are aggregated to show clearly the recurring congestion patterns. Nonrecurring events are also evident, but they take longer to detect. With a higher frequency of observations (e.g., from other fleet AVL systems, cell phone tracking, or vehicle–infrastructure integration probe data), the methodology should also be effective for rapidly identifying nonrecurring congestion.
Real-Time Estimation of Arterial Travel Times with Spatial Travel Time Covariance Relationships
Authors: Chan K. S. , Lam William H. K. , Tam Mei Lam
Published: December 2009

This paper investigates the use of real-time automatic vehicle identification (AVI) data and an offline travel time database for real-time estimation of arterial travel times in Hong Kong, China. The offline database consists of average link travel times and spatial link travel time covariance matrices by time of day, day of week, and week of month. Three-month historical travel time estimates and real-time AVI data are adopted for calibration and updating of the spatial covariance relationships of link travel times on Hong Kong arterial roads. A case study has been carried out on a selected path in a Hong Kong urban area to evaluate the performance of three alternative methods for real-time estimation of arterial travel times: fixed offline database (Method 1), continuously updated offline database (Method 2), and continuously updated offline database generated by the nonparametric regression method (Method 3). The validation results show that the travel time estimation errors of Methods 2 and 3 are significantly reduced when compared with those using the fixed offline database.
Paso Del Norte Regional Mobility Information System
Authors: Rajbhandari Rajat , Aldrete Rafael M.
Published: December 2009

The Paso Del Norte region includes El Paso County (Texas), Dona Ana County (New Mexico), and Ciudad Juarez (Mexico) along the southwest border region between the United States and Mexico. With a combined population of more than 2 million, the city of El Paso (Texas) and Ciudad Juarez have an intertwined transportation system with one of the nation's busiest international borders. In response to growing transportation needs in this binational region, the Texas Transportation Institute established a new transportation research center in the city of El Paso. One of the many research initiatives identified at the early stages of the center's inception was to develop a mobility information system for the Paso Del Norte region. The goals of this regional mobility information system were to demonstrate the significance and benefits of archiving intelligent transportation system (ITS) data, build a centralized repository of transportation data, provide the ability to monitor regional and cross-border mobility, and provide a platform to adopt newer ITS technologies. The objectives of the regional mobility information system are to provide archived transportation data user services and an advanced traveler information system in the region. The regional mobility information system is the first of its kind in the region and has been well received by stakeholder agencies. The system has an extremely flexible and scalable database framework and uses the concept of data warehouse and database-centric architecture. As an advanced traveler information system, the system provides access to users’ information related to everyday travel through a single-window website.
Commodity-Specific Disaggregation of 2002 Freight Analysis Framework Data to County Level in New Jersey
Authors: Opie Keir , Rowinski Jakub , Spasovic Lazar N.
Published: December 2009

The second generation of the Freight Analysis Framework, known as FAF2, is a continuation of the original Freight Analysis Framework developed by the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. FAF2 provides trip interchanges for commodity flows between 114 domestic zones, 17 additional international gateways at which imports enter and exports depart the United States, and seven international regions. This paper presents methods for disaggregating the FAF2 data to the county level by developing different disaggregation factors for different commodity types. These new methods are also compared with other disaggregation methods. The objective is to enable state and local governmental agencies to utilize FAF2 commodity origin–destination data for a quick desktop analysis and to devise further strategies in collecting and acquiring local commodity data. The focus area of this study is the state of New Jersey. The study developed and applied different methods to disaggregate FAF2 commodity data down to the New Jersey county level. The results of the disaggregation were then compared with Global Insight's Transearch Database and other disaggregation methods previously developed and presented as part of this study. Findings indicate that no one disaggregation method produces the best results for trip productions and attractions. Disaggregating each commodity using commodity-specific industry employment data yielded the best results in matching the Transearch database for flow origins. However, simple non-commodity-specific factors, such as truck vehicle miles traveled, total employment, or adjusted population data, generally yielded better results in disaggregating flow attractions.
THE UNCERTAINTY EVALUATION METHOD OF SUPPLY CHAIN RELIABILITY
Authors: Miao Xin , Yu Bo , Xi Bao
Published: December 2009

The objective of the article is to scientifically evaluate supply chain reliability (SCR). We argue that this problem relates to two aspects ‐ the cognition and expression of SCR. The paper considers SCR as a unification of a fuzzy and random meaning in a dynamic environment. Furthermore, intrinsic relationship between the theoretical foundation of SCR evaluation and the cloud theory is discovered, accordingly to which, the cloud theory is applied to study the evaluation of SCR from a holistic perspective. According to the comprehensive invalidation degree of a supply chain, SCR is differentiated as six grades and the influencing factors of SCR are classified taking into account __ve aspects. A comprehensive performance model is developed to measure five aspects of influencing factors and to evaluate the exact class SCR belongs to. As we know, the cognition of SCR depends on human mind while the natural language is an appropriate medium to express human mind. Therefore, linguistic terms are adopted to express uncertain transformation between qualitative concepts and their corresponding quantitative values. This method is further demonstrated using a numerical example.
THE CRITERIA DESCRIBING THE NEED FOR HIGHWAY RECONSTRUCTION BASED ON THE THEORY OF TRAFFIC FLOWS AND REPAY TIME
Authors: Beljatynskij Andrey , Kuzhel Nina , Prentkovskis Olegas , Bakulich Olena , Klimenko Irina
Published: December 2009

General data on the network of Ukrainian highways are presented. The analysis of design methods of highway reconstruction based on the theory of traffic flows and economic calculations of its repay time is made. The relationship between traffic intensity and speed is shown by considering the theory of traffic flows. The methods, taking into account the principle of effectiveness of highway reconstruction based on its repay time, are discussed.
Grading of Inflammatory Disease Activity in the Sacroiliac Joints with Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Comparison Between Short-tau Inversion Recovery and Gadolinium Contrast-enhanced Sequences
Authors: MADSEN KAREN BERENTH , EGUND NIELS , JURIK ANNE GRETHE
Published: December 2009

Objective.

We investigated the potential concordance of 2 different magnetic resonance (MR) sequences — short-tau inversion recovery (STIR) and fat-saturated T1-weighted spin-echo after application of gadolinium (Gd) contrast medium to detect active bone marrow abnormalities at the sacroiliac joints (SIJ) in patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA).

Methods.

Blinded and using the Danish scoring method, we evaluated transaxial MR images of the 2 sequences in 40 patients with SpA with disease duration of 3–14 years. Both the cartilaginous and ligamentous portions of the SIJ were analyzed.

Results.

There was a significant positive correlation between the activity scores obtained by STIR and Gd-enhanced sequences (p < 0.0001). Agreement in the detection of bone marrow abnormalities occurred in 60 of the 80 joints, 35 with and 25 without signs of active disease. Discordance with STIR-positive marrow activity scores occurred in only 11 joints; Gd-enhanced positive scores in 9 joints. The STIR sequence detected remnants of marrow activity in the periphery of chronic fatty replacement not seen or partly obscured on the Gd sequence. Small subchondral enhancing lesions may not be scored on the STIR sequence, mostly because of reduced image resolution.

Conclusion.

Active bone marrow abnormalities were detected nearly equally well with STIR and Gd-enhanced fat-suppressed T1 sequences in patients with SpA, with STIR being most sensitive to visualize active abnormalities in the periphery of chronic changes.
Non-vanishing for Koszul cohomology of curves
Authors: Aprodu M. , Nagel J.
Published: December 2009

We study the relationship between rank p + 2 Koszul classes and rank 2 vector bundles on a smooth curve. We show that every rank p + 2 Koszul class is obtained from a rank 2 vector bundle and give an explicit nonvanishing theorem for Koszul classes arising in this way.
Complete square complexes
Authors: Wise Daniel T.
Published: December 2009

We study groups which act cocompactly and properly discontinuously on the direct product of two trees. This class of groups turns out to be much richer than one might expect.

An interplay is developed between the immersed flats in the complex and the subgroup separability properties of its fundamental group. This link between algebra and geometry leads to the solution of several problems concerning the residual properties of automatic groups and small-cancellation groups. In particular an explicit example is given of a compact non-positively curved square complex whose fundamental group is not residually finite. A more complicated such example is given with the property that its fundamental group has no finite quotients. The universal covers of these examples are isomorphic to the direct product of two trees. Other examples include a C(4)–T(4) small-cancellation group which is not virtually torsion-free.
Injections of Artin groups
Authors: Bell Robert , Margalit Dan
Published: December 2009

We study those Artin groups which, modulo their centers, are finite index subgroups of the mapping class group of a sphere with at least 5 punctures. In particular, we show that any injective homomorphism between these groups is given by a homeomorphism of a punctured sphere together with a map to the integers. The technique, following Ivanov, is to prove that every superinjective map of the curve complex of a sphere with at least 5 punctures is induced by a homeomorphism. We also determine the automorphism group of the pure braid group on at least 4 strands.
Resonance category
Authors: Feichtner-Kozlov Dmitry N.
Published: December 2009

The main purpose of this paper is to introduce a new category, which we call a resonance category, whose combinatorics reflect that of canonical stratifications of

n

-fold symmetric smash products. The study of the stratifications can then be abstracted to the study of functors satisfying certain sets of axioms, which we name resonance functors.

One frequently studied stratification is that of the set of all polynomials of degree

n

, defined by fixing the allowed multiplicities of roots. We apply our abstract combinatorial framework, in particular, the notion of direct product of relative resonances, to study the Arnold problem of computing the algebro-topological invariants of these strata.
Kähler–Einstein metrics on orbifolds and Einstein metrics on spheres
Authors: Ghigi Alessandro , Kollár János
Published: December 2009

A construction of Kähler–Einstein metrics using Galois coverings, studied by Arezzo–Ghigi–Pirola, is generalized to orbifolds. By applying it to certain orbifold covers of

ℂℙ^n

which are trivial set theoretically, one obtains new Einstein metrics on odd-dimensional spheres. The method also gives Kähler–Einstein metrics on degree 2 Del Pezzo surfaces with

A_1

- or

A_2

-singularities.
Asymptotic bounds for separating systoles on surfaces
Authors: Sabourau Stéphane
Published: December 2009

The separating systole on a closed Riemannian surface M, denoted by sys0(M), is defined as the length of the shortest noncontractible loops which are homologically trivial. We answer positively a question of M. Gromov [Gr96, 2.C.2.(d)] about the asymptotic estimate on the separating systole. Specifically, we show that the separating systole of a closed Riemannian surface M of genus and area g satisfies an upper bound similar to M. Gromov’s asymptotic estimate on the (homotopy) systole. That is, sys0(M) is less than or equivalent to log g.
Cluster mutation via quiver representations
Authors: Buan Aslak Bakke , Marsh Robert J. , Reiten Idun
Published: December 2009

Matrix mutation appears in the definition of cluster algebras of Fomin and Zelevinsky. We give a representation theoretic interpretation of matrix mutation, using tilting theory in cluster categories of hereditary algebras. Using this, we obtain a representation theoretic interpretation of cluster mutation in case of acyclic cluster algebras.
Relating diameter and mean curvature for submanifolds of Euclidean space
Authors: Topping Peter
Published: December 2009

Given a closed

m

-dimensional manifold

\mathcal M

  immersed in

ℝ^n

, we estimate its diameter

d

in terms of its mean curvature

\boldsymbol{H}

by

d ≤ C(m) \int_{\mathcal M} |\boldsymbol{H}|^{m − 1} dμ .
Hilbert modular foliations on the projective plane
Authors: Mendes L. G. , Pereira Jorge Vitório
Published: December 2009

We describe explicitly holomorphic singular foliations on the projective plane corresponding to natural foliations of Hilbert modular surfaces associated to the field Q. These are concrete models for a very special class of foliations in the recent birational classification of foliations on projective surfaces.
On the appearance of Eisenstein series through degeneration
Authors: Garbin Daniel , Jorgenson Jay , Munn Michael
Published: December 2009

Let

Γ

be a Fuchsian group of the first kind acting on the hyperbolic upper half plane

ℍ

, and let

M = Γ \backslash ℍ

be the associated finite volume hyperbolic Riemann surface. If

γ

is parabolic, there is an associated (parabolic) Eisenstein series, which, by now, is a classical part of mathematical literature. If

γ

is hyperbolic, then, following ideas due to Kudla–Millson, there is a corresponding hyperbolic Eisenstein series. In this article, we study the limiting behavior of parabolic and hyperbolic Eisenstein series on a degenerating family of finite volume hyperbolic Riemann surfaces. In particular, we prove the following result. If

γ \in Γ

corresponds to a degenerating hyperbolic element, then a multiple of the associated hyperbolic Eisenstein series converges to parabolic Eisenstein series on the limit surface.
The rational homotopy Lie algebra of function spaces
Authors: Buijs Urtzi , Murillo Aniceto
Published: December 2009

In this paper we fully describe the rational homotopy Lie algebra of any component of a given (free or pointed) function space. Also, we characterize higher order Whitehead products on these spaces. From this, we deduce the existence of

H

-structures on a given component of a pointed mapping space

\mathcal F_*(X,Y;f )

between rational spaces, assuming the cone length of

X

is smaller than the order of any non trivial generalized Whitehead product in

π_*(Y)

.
On manifolds of small degree
Authors: Ionescu Paltin
Published: December 2009

Let

X ⊂ ℙ^n

be a complex connected projective, non-degenerate, linearly normal manifold of degree

d ≤ n

. The main result of this paper is a classification of such manifolds. As a by-product of the classification it follows that these manifolds are either rational or Fano. In particular, they are simply connected (hence regular) and of negative Kodaira dimension. Moreover, easy examples show that

d ≤ n

is the best possible bound for such properties to hold true. The proof of our theorem makes essential use of the adjunction mapping and, in particular, the main result of [15] plays a crucial role in the argument.
Kodaira dimension and symplectic sums
Authors: Usher Michael
Published: December 2009

Modulo trivial exceptions, we show that symplectic sums of symplectic 4-manifolds along surfaces of positive genus are never rational or ruled, and we enumerate each case in which they have Kodaira dimension zero (i.e., are blowups of symplectic 4-manifolds with torsion canonical class). In particular, a symplectic four-manifold of Kodaira dimension zero arises by such a surgery only if it is diffeomorphic to a blowup either of the K3 surface, the Enriques surface, or a member of a particular family of T2-bundles over T2 each having b1 = 2.
Vanishing and non-vanishing for the first $L^p$-cohomology of groups
Authors: Bourdon Marc , Martin Florian , Valette Alain
Published: December 2009

We prove two results on the first

L^p

-cohomology

\overline{H}^{1}_{(p)}(\Gamma)

of a finitely generated group

\Gamma

:
Periodic orbits of twisted geodesic flows and the Weinstein–Moser theorem
Authors: Ginzburg Viktor L. , Gürel Başak Z.
Published: December 2009

In this paper, we establish the existence of periodic orbits of a twisted geodesic flow on all low energy levels and in all dimensions whenever the magnetic field form is symplectic and spherically rational. This is a consequence of a more general theorem concerning periodic orbits of autonomous Hamiltonian flows near Morse–Bott non-degenerate, symplectic extrema. Namely, we show that all energy levels near such extrema carry periodic orbits, provided that the ambient manifold meets certain topological requirements. This result is a partial generalization of the Weinstein–Moser theorem. The proof of the generalized Weinstein–Moser theorem is a combination of a Sturm-theoretic argument and a Floer homology calculation.
Surfaces de Riemann parfaites en genre 4 et 6
Authors: Casamayou-Boucau Alexandre
Published: December 2009

Cet article est consacré à la recherche de surfaces de Riemann extrêmes pour la systole, ou tout au moins parfaites. On donne trois nouvelles surfaces de Riemann remarquables en genre 4. Par extension de la méthode, on trouve également une nouvelle surface extrême en genre 6, ainsi qu'une suite infinie de surfaces parfaites non eutactiques de genre

g\geq 4

quelconque.
Lichnerowicz-Obata conjecture in dimension two
Authors: Matveev Vladimir S.
Published: December 2009

We prove that if a connected Lie group acts on a connected complete Riemannian surface of nonconstant curvature by diffeomorphisms that take (unparameterised) geodesics to geodesics, then it acts by isometries.
Invariant *-products on coadjoint orbits and the Shapovalov pairing
Authors: Alekseev Anton , Lachowska A.
Published: December 2009

We give an explicit formula for invariant

*

-products on a wide class of coadjoint orbits. The answer is expressed in terms of the Shapovalov pairing for generalized Verma modules.
Delzant's $T$-invariant, Kolmogorov complexity and one-relator groups
Authors: Kapovich Ilya , Schupp Paul
Published: December 2009

We prove that for “random” one-relator groups the Delzant

T

-invariant (which measures the smallest size of a finite presentation of a group) is comparable in magnitude with the length of the defining relator. The proof relies on our previous results regarding isomorphism rigidity of generic one-relator groups and on the methods of the theory of Kolmogorov–Chaitin complexity.
Distribution des valeurs de transformations méromorphes et applications
Authors: Dinh Tien-Cuong , Sibony Nessim
Published: December 2009

A meromorphic transform (MT) between compact Kähler manifolds is a surjective multivalued map with an analytic graph. Let

F_n\colon X\rightarrow X_n

be a sequence of MT. Let

\sigma_n

be an appropriate probability measure on

X_n

and

\sigma

the product measure of

\sigma_n

, on

\boldsymbol X:=\prod_{n\geq 1} X_n

. We give conditions which imply that

\frac{1}{d(F_n)}\big[(F_n)^*(\delta_{x_n})-(F_n)^*(\delta_{x_n'})\big]\rightarrow 0

for

\sigma

-almost every

\boldsymbol x=(x_1,x_2,\ldots)

and

\boldsymbol x'=(x_1',x_2',\ldots)

in

\boldsymbol{X}

. Here

\delta_{x_n}

is the Dirac mass at

x_n

and

d(F_n)

the intermediate degree of maximal order of

F_n

.

We introduce a calculus on MT: intermediate degrees of composition and of product of MT. Using this formalism and what we call

the

dd^c

-method

, we obtain results on the distribution of common zeros, for random

l

holomorphic sections of high powers

L^n

of a positive holomorphic line bundle

L

over a projective manifold.

We also construct the equilibrium measure for random iteration of correspondences. In particular, when

f\colon X\rightarrow X

is a meromorphic correspondence of large topological degree

d_t

, we show that

d_t^{-n}(f^n)^*\omega^k

converges to a measure

\mu

, satisfying

f^*\mu=d_t\mu

. Moreover, quasi-psh functions are

\mu

-integrable. Every projective manifold admits such correspondences. When

f

is a meromorphic map,

\mu

is exponentially mixing with a precise speed depending on the regularity of the observables.
Tangent bundle embeddings of manifolds in Euclidean space
Authors: Ghomi Mohammad
Published: December 2009

For a given

n

-dimensional manifold

M^n

we study the problem of finding the smallest integer

N(M^n

such that

M^n

admits a smooth embedding in the Euclidean space

\mathbb{R}^N

without intersecting tangent spaces. We use the Poincaré–Hopf index theorem to prove that

N(\mathbb{S}^1)=4

, and construct explicit examples to show that

N(\mathbb{S}^n)\leq 3n+3

, where

\mathbb{S}^n

denotes the

n

-sphere. Finally, for any closed manifold

M^n

, we show that

2n+1\leq N(M^n)\leq 4n+1

.
Sur la compatibilité entre les correspondances de Langlands locale et globale pour U(3)
Authors: Bellaïche Joël
Published: December 2009

Using a level-raising argument (and a result of Larsen on the image of Galois representations in compatible systems), we prove that for any automorphic representation

\pi

for U(3), the l-adic Galois representation

\rho_l

which is attached to

\pi

by the work of Blasius and Rogawski is the one expected by local Langlands correspondance at every finite place (at least up to semi-simplification and for a density one set of primes l). We rely on the work of Harris and Taylor, who have proved the same results (for U(n)) assuming the base change of

\pi

is square-integrable at one place. As a corollary, every automorphic representation which is tempered at an infinite number of places is tempered at all places.
Poincaré series of curves on rational surface singularities
Authors: Campillo Antonio , Delgado Felix , Gusein-Zade Sabir M.
Published: December 2009

For a reducible curve singularity embedded in a rational surface singularity the Poincaré series is computed. Here the Poincaré series is defined by the multi-index filtration on the local ring defined by orders of a function on the branches of the curve. The method of the computations is based on the notion of the integral with respect to the Euler characteristic over the projectivization of the ring of functions (notion similar to, and inspired by, the notion of motivic integration). For the case of the E_8 surface singularity it appears that the Poincaré series coincides with the Alexander polynomial of the corresponding link.