bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of the FOXM1/CMA/ER stress axis in regulating the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Ma Shuoyi , Xia Erzhuo , Zhang Miao , Hu Yinan , Tian Siyuan , Zheng Xiaohong , Li Bo , Ma Gang , Su Rui , Sun Keshuai , Fan Qingling , Yang Fangfang , Guo Guanya , Guo Changcun , Shang Yulong , Zhou Xinmin , Zhou Xia , Wang Jingbo , Han Ying
Published: February 2025

Background/aims

The molecular mechanisms driving nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) progression are poorly understood. This research examines the involvement of chaperone‐mediated autophagy (CMA) in NASH progression.

Methods

Hepatic CMA activity was analysed in NASH mice and patients. Lysosome‐associated membrane protein 2A (LAMP2A) was knocked down or overexpressed to assess the effects of hepatocyte‐specific CMA on NASH progression. Mice received a high‐fat diet or a methionine and choline‐deficient diet to induce NASH. Palmitic acid was employed to mimic lipotoxicity‐induced hepatocyte damage in vitro. The promoter activity of FOXM1 was evaluated via ChIP and dual‐luciferase reporter assays.

Results

Hepatic CMA activity was substantially low in NASH mice and patients. LAMP2A knockdown resulted in hepatocyte‐specific CMA deficiency, which promoted fibrosis and hepatic inflammation in NASH mice. Both in vitro and in vivo, CMA deficiency also exacerbated hepatocyte damage and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Mechanistically, CMA deficiency in hepatocytes increased cholesterol accumulation by blocking the degradation of 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMGCR), a key cholesterol synthesis‐related enzyme, and the accumulated cholesterol subsequently induced ER stress and hepatocyte damage. The restoration of hepatocyte‐specific CMA activity effectively ameliorated diet‐induced NASH and ER stress in vivo and in vitro. FOXM1 directly bound to LAMP2A promoter and negatively regulated its transcription. The upregulation of FOXM1 expression impaired CMA and enhanced ER stress, which in turn increased FOXM1 expression, resulting in a vicious cycle and promoting NASH development.

Conclusions

This study highlights the significance of the FOXM1/CMA/ER stress axis in NASH progression and proposes novel therapeutic targets for NASH.

Key points

Chaperone‐mediated autophagy (CMA) deficiency in hepatocytes promotes hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) by inducing cholesterol accumulation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress.

Upregulated FOXM1 impairs CMA by suppressing the transcription of lysosome‐associated membrane protein 2A (LAMP2A), a rate‐limiting component of CMA.

ER stress increases FOXM1 expression and cholesterol accumulation.

FOXM1/CMA/ER stress axis forms a vicious circle and promotes the development of NASH.
Spatial‒temporal heterogeneities of liver cancer and the discovery of the invasive zone
Authors: Yan Jiayan , Jiang Zhifeng , Zhang Shiyu , Yu Qichao , Lu Yijun , Miao Runze , Tang Zhaoyou , Fan Jia , Wu Liang , Duda Dan G. , Zhou Jian , Yang Xinrong
Published: February 2025

Solid tumours are intricate and highly heterogeneous ecosystems, which grow in and invade normal organs. Their progression is mediated by cancer cells’ interaction with different cell types, such as immune cells, stromal cells and endothelial cells, and with the extracellular matrix. Owing to its high incidence, aggressive growth and resistance to local and systemic treatments, liver cancer has particularly high mortality rates worldwide. In recent decades, spatial heterogeneity has garnered significant attention as an unfavourable biological characteristic of the tumour microenvironment, prompting extensive research into its role in liver tumour development. Advances in spatial omics have facilitated the detailed spatial analysis of cell types, states and cell‒cell interactions, allowing a thorough understanding of the spatial and temporal heterogeneities of tumour microenvironment and informing the development of novel therapeutic approaches. This review illustrates the latest discovery of the invasive zone, and systematically introduced specific macroscopic spatial heterogeneities, pathological spatial heterogeneities and tumour microenvironment heterogeneities of liver cancer.
What is behind the chest pain? Rare esophageal hematoma caused by betel nut: A case report
Authors: Guan Chundi , Wang Meng Yang , Jia Xingfang
Published: February 2025

This case report reported a case of huge esophageal hematoma caused by chewing betel nut. The patient was admitted to the hospital due to chest pain. After a multidisciplinary diagnosis by the Department of Gastroenterology, Cardiology, and Radiology, it was finally determined that the patient's chest pain was caused by a huge esophageal hematoma. After diagnosis and treatment, we observed the longitudinal ulcer after the healing of the esophageal giant hematoma. This case report provides evidence that chewing betel nuts may be a cause of gastrointestinal bleeding.
What drives the cost of strategic planning?
Authors: Freebairn‐Smith Laura
Published: February 2025

You think you need a strategic plan. How much will it cost to write one?
Cultivating a sense of curiosity is the best career advice for anyone
Authors: Skipworth Stan
Published: February 2025

As the new year gets underway for all of us, I decided to offer some insight on the importance of a good start to new goals and the opportunity to create a fresh start both professionally and personally. But I also wanted, perhaps, to go a little deeper in our quest to achieve new levels of personal and professional success. Many people I’ve met along the path of my own career, particularly those who have inspired me with examples of their advanced skills in one or more areas, have had a common thread that I honestly had not recognized in the earliest years of my development.
UCLA launches dating program for adults with autism
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: February 2025

UCLA Health has created a clinical dating program for adults with autism. The program is part of a 20‐week research study called PEERS for Dating, led by UCLA's Program for the Education and Enrichment of Relationship Skills (PEERS Clinic).
A Leopard Cub (Panthera pardus kotiya) Adopted by Kin and Non‐Kin Leopardesses Consecutively
Authors: Silva Dushyantha , Wattegedera Milinda , Piyasena Mevan , Siriwardene Raveendra , Hewage Sasindu , Sooriyabandara Meegasthanne Gamaralalage Chandana , Marasinghe Marasinghe Sumanasirige Lesly Ranjan Pushpakumara , Nilanthi Rajapakse M. R. , Wimaladasa Prasantha , Ranasinghe Gotabhaya , Perera Kaveesha
Published: February 2025

The study examines alloparental care and adoption in the Sri Lankan leopard population at Yala National Park, Sri Lanka. Using the multi‐point leopard identification method, it documents a remarkable instance: a leopard cub initially adopted by its maternal aunt and later by an unrelated female with no prior connection to the cub. The cub had a sibling litter mate, who was not seen in the park after the initial adoption ended by the maternal aunt. We consider this behavior noteworthy in especially solitary animal species such as leopards. Our study was conducted for a period of 2 years and 5 months (from February 2021 to July 2023). Our observations highlight the dynamics of these adoptions and the behaviors exhibited. Altruistic acts, such as feeding, brushing, and shielding the cubs, were observed. These inspections challenge the conventional knowledge regarding leopard behaviors. Notably, the adoption of the cub by unrelated females, despite the absence of genetic ties, exemplifies a form of mutually beneficial reciprocal altruism, offering advantages to both parties. The following study explains leopard adoptions using evolutionary theories like kin altruism and reciprocal altruism. It suggests factors such as genetic relatedness, mutual dependency, and possible misidentification influenced the act of adoption. These rare altruistic acts benefit the leopard population. Our study opposes traditional concepts of solitary Sri Lankan leopards. Altruistic behaviors, influenced by genetic relatedness and reciprocal benefits, emphasize social dynamics in predator populations. These findings enhance the understanding of evolutionary mechanisms and cooperative behaviors in maintaining population fitness in the Sri Lankan leopard population.
Preferred nectar sources for the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus plexippus) along the Great Plains migration pathway
Authors: Spaeth Kenneth E. , Williams C. Jason , Moranz Ray A. , Taliga Christine , Rutherford William A. , Simpson Brenda
Published: February 2025

Population declines of the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus plexippus) in North America have largely been attributed to the distribution and condition of species‐specific preferred nectar sources. In 2020, the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) listed the monarch butterfly in the US Federal Register as a candidate species under the Endangered Species Act of 1973. The USFWS ranked the availability, quality, and spatial distribution of nectar plants during autumn migration as the fourth most contributing factor to US monarch population declines. During the autumn migration through the Great Plains, monarchs seek nectar plants to accumulate lipid reserves for further migration to and overwintering in Mexico. We applied vegetation and rangeland health data from the US Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, National Resources Inventory (NRI) to quantify species density and richness of monarch‐preferred nectar plants, associated rangeland conditions, and diversity of nectar sources along this autumn migration pathway. We focused specifically on longitudinal gradients W‐095‐100 and W‐100‐105 and discrete 5° latitudinal–longitudinal cells within those gradients. The respective NRI dataset spans 8211 rangeland sites sampled between 2009 and 2018. Approximately 84.4% of sites in W‐095‐100 and 72.5% of sites in W‐100‐105 contained monarch‐preferred nectar plants. Preferred nectar plants made up 7.4% of 2438 identified plant species in W‐095‐100 and 6.1% of 2371 identified plant species in W‐100‐105. For W‐095‐100, preferred nectar plant densities were highest for the 5° cell covering portions of US states Oklahoma and Kansas and lowest for the 5° cell at the US–Mexico border. In W‐100‐105, preferred nectar plant densities decreased linearly from north to south. Preferred nectar plant densities were greater for 5° cells in W‐100‐105 (50.5 billion plants) as compared with W‐095‐100 (44.4 billion plants). Consistent with trends in preferred nectar source density, rangeland conditions assessed by similarity indices and rangeland health protocols were generally lowest for 5° cells spanning the US–Mexico border. The results provide the most comprehensive assessment to date for preferred nectar sources of the monarch butterfly along the Great Plains autumn migration to Mexico and document generally decreasing nectar sources and habitat conditions at southern latitudes in this ecologically important pathway.
Electrochemical Response of Cold‐Sintered Cathode‐Hybrid Electrolyte Bilayers: Deep Insights into the Determining Kinetic Mechanisms via Operando Electrochemical Impedance Characterization
Authors: Ferrer‐Nicomedes Sergio , Mormeneo‐Segarra Andrés , Vicente‐Agut Nuria , Barba‐Juan Antonio , Garcia‐Belmonte Germà
Published: February 2025

This study demonstrates the successful fabrication of solid‐state bilayers using LiFePO₄ (LFP) cathodes and Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP)‐based Composite Solid Electrolytes (CSEs) via Cold Sintering Process (CSP). By optimizing the sintering pressure, it is achieved an intimate contact between the cathode and the solid electrolyte, leading to an enhanced electrochemical performance. Bilayers cold sintered at 300 MPa and a low‐sintering temperature of 150 °C exhibit high ionic conductivities (0.5 mS cm−1) and stable specific capacities at room temperature (160.1 mAh g−1LFP at C/10 and 75.8 mAh g−1LFP at 1 C). Moreover, an operando electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique is employed to identify limiting factors of the bilayer kinetics and to anticipate the overall electrochemical behavior. Results suggest that capacity fading can occur in samples prepared with high sintering pressures due to a volume reduction in the LFP crystalline cell. This work demonstrates the potential of CSP to produce straightforward high‐performance bilayers and introduces a valuable non‐destructive instrument for understanding and avoiding degradation in solid‐state lithium‐based batteries.
Toll‐Like Receptor Blockage by TIP‐1 and MIP‐2 Treatment Mitigates Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Adult‐Onset Still's Disease or Still's Disease
Authors: Ahn Mi‐Hyun , Choi Yang Seon , Lee Sang‐Won , Choi Sangdun , Kim Hyoun‐Ah
Published: February 2025

The inflammatory response triggered by Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) may implicated in the development of the pathogenesis of adult‐onset Still's disease (AOSD). This study evaluated the efficacy of TLR inhibitor peptides, specifically TLR inhibitor peptide 1 (TIP‐1) and MAL/MyD88 inhibitory peptide 2 (MIP‐2) in animal models of AOSD. THP‐1 cells were stimulated with TLR agonists and treated with TIP‐1 or MIP‐2. Interferon (IFN)‐γ knock‐out mice were induced with AOSD‐like symptoms using Mycobacterium mixed with Freund's complete adjuvant (CFA), then treated with the peptides. THP‐1 cells treated with TIP‐1 and MIP‐2 showed significantly decreased expression of TLRs agonist‐induced MyD88 and phosphorylated NF‐κB, except TLR9 agonists. Furthermore, the peptides resulted in a significant decrease in the concentrations of interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐6 in the culture supernatants, except TLR9 agonists. In animal models of AOSD, treatment with inhibitor peptides significantly improved their clinical symptoms. The administration of these peptides resulted in a significant decrease in serum levels of IL‐1β and IL‐18. The expression of inflammatory cytokines were downregulated in the spleen and lymph node of TIP‐1 and MIP‐2 treated mice. These findings suggest that TIP‐1 and MIP‐2 may be effective candidates for AOSD treatment, as they have broad specificity for TLRs.
IQGAP1 Influences Neutrophil Maturation and Its Effector Functions
Authors: Hou Lifei , Hsu Alan , Luo Hongbo , Yuki Koichi
Published: February 2025

IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) is a protein scaffold that integrates signals regulating various cellular functions. Recently, utilizing proteomics as a discovery tool and co‐immunoprecipitation as a validation method, we reported IQGAP1 as a potential ligand for CD11c, an adhesion molecule that was highly expressed in the intracellular components of neutrophils and regulated the maturation, survival, and function of neutrophils. To date, the role of IQGAP1 in inflammation and immune response is largely unknown. In this study, we reported the direct binding of CD11c with IQGAP1 through various methods. In addition, we investigated the role of IQGAP1 in neutrophil functions by using IQGAP1 knockout (KO) mice. We discovered that IQGAP1 deficiency led to impaired bone marrow neutrophil maturation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, phagocytosis, and neutrophil extracellular traps formation. Thus, for the first time, we reported the essential role of IQGAP1 in neutrophil development.
Deciphering the Human Germinal Center: A Review of Models to Study T–B Cell Interactions
Authors: Fleischmann Elisa , Middelkamp Vera , van den Broek Theo
Published: February 2025

Interactions between T‐ and B cells in the germinal center reaction are instrumental for the initiation, maintenance, and downregulation of the human adaptive immune response, leading to the production of antigen‐specific antibodies and long‐lasting immunological memory. Replicating the human immune system remains challenging, with an over‐reliance on animal models with limited translational accuracy. There is an increasing need for new tools that accurately model human immune function. This review evaluates existing 2D and 3D in vitro and ex vivo human models for their ability to reproduce the germinal center reaction, with a particular focus on T‐ and B‐cell interaction. We conclude that although current models are able to replicate certain features of the germinal center reaction, no current model is able to completely replicate the complex human GC process. We outline the challenges in recreating a fully functional germinal center and suggest future directions of research to improve existing models, ultimately bringing us closer to completely reproducing the human lymph node.
Technetium ‐ The Unknown Center of the Periodic Table
Authors: Strub Erik , Badea Désirée , Bruns Jörn , Frontera Antonio , Mayordomo Natalia , Sakhonenkova Anna , Jungfer Maximilian Roca , Wickleder Mathias , Yong Clarence , Zegke Markus
Published: February 2025

This review paper sets a focus on the developments of the chemistry of technetium during the last decade, their implications, and future perspectives. Sections of this review are devoted to different aspects, covering physicochemical data, fundamental inorganic chemistry, complex chemistry, computational chemistry and geochemistry. Although the focus is explicitely not on the radiopharmaceutically important use of the isotope 99mTc, several interconnections to radopharmacy as well as between the different fields are illustrated.
Ten Minutes of Core Stabilisation Exercise Result in Local Exercise‐Induced Hypoalgesia in Patients With Chronic Unspecific Low Back Pain
Authors: Tomschi Fabian , Zschunke Andre , Hilberg Thomas
Published: February 2025

Background

Core stabilisation training is known to be effective in managing pain in patients suffering from chronic low back pain (CLBP). Yet, acute effects of core stabilisation exercise on exercise‐induced hypoalgesia (EIH) are largely unknown. This study aimed to examine the EIH effects of an easy‐to‐perform core stabilisation exercise in CLBP patients and to explore associations between EIH and potential influencing factors (i.e., physical activity, catastrophizing, kinesiophobia, subjective pain state and exercise exertion).

Methods

Thirty patients with unspecific CLBP finished this randomised controlled crossover trial. Patients performed a 10‐min isometric core stabilisation exercise and a 10‐min control session. Before and after, pain sensitivity was measured via pressure pain thresholds [Newton/cm2] locally (low back; PPTlocal) and remotely (forehead, thumb; PPTremote). Correlation analyses were performed between EIH and influencing factors.

Results

A ‘Time’ × ‘Intervention’ interaction (p < 0.001) was observed for PPTlocal with post hoc analysis revealing higher values post exercise (p < 0.001; pre: 56.6 ± 20.6, post: 67.5 ± 26.1). No differences were observed for the control session (p = 0.894; pre: 58.5 ± 24.0, post: 58.4 ± 23.3). No such effect was observed for PPTremote (p = 0.014). Post hoc analyses showed no differences following the exercise session (p = 0.103; pre: 41.3 ± 12.5, post: 42.5 ± 13.6), while lower PPTremote post values were observed post control compared to pre values (p = 0.031; 42.5 ± 14.5, post: 41.3 ± 13.7). The only significant moderate correlation was observed between ΔPPTlocal of the exercise session and catastrophizing with rho = −0.381.

Conclusion

A 10‐min isometric core stabilisation exercise results in local lumbar EIH, while no systemic effects are observed. A higher degree of catastrophizing is associated with lower hypoalgesic responses.

Significance

This study shows for the first time that a brief and easy‐to‐perform 10‐min core stabilisation exercise produces significant local pain relief (EIH) in patients with unspecific CLBP. The effect is localised to the lumbar region, with no observed impact on remote sites. Higher pain catastrophizing seems to be linked to reduced hypoalgesic response. These findings support the use of short core stabilisation exercises as an effective, immediate, non‐pharmacological pain management strategy for these patients.
Optimization and Enhancement of Tensile Strength and Elongation at Failure in Basalt/Glass Fiber Polymer Composites With MWCNTs + SiO2 Hybrid Nanofillers Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Sathish T. , Boobalan V. , Giri Jayant , Hourani Ahmad O. , Santhosh A. Johnson , Nasri Faouzi
Published: February 2025

This study focuses on optimizing the tensile performance of basalt/glass fiber‐reinforced polymer composites enhanced with hybrid nanofillers, comprising equal proportions of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and silicon dioxide (SiO2). The nanofiller content is evaluated at weight percentages of 0%, 1%, and 2%. Using response surface methodology (RSM), the research investigates the interactive effects of three key parameters: filler weight (0%–2%), molding pressure (5–15 MPa), and sonication time (10–30 min) on the mechanical performance of the composites. A Box–Benkhen design was adopted to develop predictive models and establish optimal processing conditions for maximizing the mechanical properties. The tensile test (as per ASTM D 638 standard) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed. It was found that filler weight plays a dominating role in the tensile performance of hybrid nanocomposites, followed by molding pressure and sonication time. A predictive mathematical model was developed for each response. The maximum tensile strength of 267 MPa and an elongation at failure of 2.25% were achieved at a filler weight of 1%, molding pressure of 15 MPa, and sonication time of 30 min, corresponding to run order 16. The hybrid nanofillers synergistically enhance the load transfer efficiency and interfacial bonding, as observed through microstructural analysis using SEM. Statistical analysis validated the accuracy and reliability of the developed models, demonstrating robust correlation coefficients between actual and predicted values. The results highlight the potential of RSM as a strong tool for optimizing hybrid nanocomposite properties, paving the way for advanced material design in structural applications.
Impact of Ammonium Triflate on Iota Carrageenan Solid Biopolymer Electrolytes for Electrochemical Devices
Authors: Vijayan Moniha , Kaliyaperumal Venkatesh , Manavalan Premalatha , Sampath Monisha , Selvasankar Selvalakshmi , Rajendran Premkumar , Marimuthu Alagar , Balakrishnan Sundaresan
Published: February 2025

A free‐standing, flexible polysaccharide‐based natural solid polymer electrolyte composed of i‐Carrageenan doped with various concentrations of ammonium triflate is created via the solution casting approach. An investigation was conducted into the effects of ionic dopant on the structural, vibrational, thermal, dielectric, transport, and electrochemical properties of created solid polymer electrolyte. Structural analysis (X‐ray difraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) proves the non‐crystalline nature and the interaction between dopant salt and biopolymer. The maximum conductivity of 1.27 × 10−3 Scm−1 is achieved for the sample containing 1 g i‐Carrageenan and 0.3 wt% of ammonium triflate. Dielectric studies reveal that highest conducting membrane shows maximum ε′ and ε″ values. Thermal studies indicate that low glass transition temperature of 28 °C for the highest conducting membrane. Primary proton battery and single polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell with the highest conducting membrane were fabricated, and their properties are examined. Open‐circuit voltages of proton battery and fuel cell are observed to be 1.03 V and 631 mV, respectively.
Economic Operation for V2G Technology and Multiple Influence Factors Extraction of EV Penetration
Authors: Qu Yanqing
Published: February 2025

Electric vehicles (EVs) are likely to have a continuing presence in the vehicle market all over the world for the next few decades. The rapid development of large‐scale applications of EVs in China has provided a foundation for the implementation of vehicle‐to‐grid (V2G) technology. V2G can help EVs participate in grid regulation services. Based on the economic model of EV integration with the grid, the regulation ability and potential economic and environmental benefits brought by EV high penetration are analyzed using relevant data from Shanghai. Analysis results show that EV participation with V2G capability can not only reduce EV expenditures but also provide peak load‐shifting service. Further analyses show that with the increase of EV charging power and peak‐valley electricity price ratio and the decrease of battery loss cost, the economic benefits of V2G applications will increase. The large‐scale development of EVs also can effectively reduce CO2 emissions according to the model proposed.
Tests on the mitigation of dry granular flows induced by mountain landslides using ring‐net technologies
Authors: Wang Bin , Tian Hongyan , Su Lijun , Xiao Siyou , Liu Zhenyu , Miao Shuaisheng
Published: February 2025

ROCCO ring‐net flexible barriers play a crucial role in mitigating granular flows induced by landslides in steep mountainous regions. In geotechnical engineering practice, the design of these barriers critically depends on two key factors: the maximum jump height of the granular flow and its peak impact force. While ring‐net flexible barriers are known for their deformability and permeability, these characteristics remain poorly understood from a quantitative perspective. To further reveal the impact‐jump mechanisms of granular flows against ROCCO ring‐net flexible barriers, an array of small‐scale laboratory flume experiments were conducted. To modify the permeability of the barrier, three groups of particles with different median diameters were configured to control the relative diameter ratios between the ring‐net mesh size and the grains from 2.0 to 3.6. The flow depth and velocity of the incoming granular flow were adjusted by altering the channel inclination to ensure the Froude number between 3 and 10 for dynamic similarity. Specifically accounting for barrier deformation and material outflow, the semi‐empirical analytical models, grounded in the principles of momentum and mass conservation, were established. Futhermore, the proposed models were validated by comparing the normalized jump height, and the impact force coefficient at the moment of peak impact force between the prediction value and the experiment data. The experimental results show that both the incoming flow characteristics and the relative diameter ratio λ jointly determine the impact‐jump mechanisms: pile‐up or run‐up. A larger λ tends to transition the impact‐jump mechanism from pile‐up to run‐up under the flow conditions with a high Froude number Fr, while the corresponding maximum granular jump height and peak impact force decrease as expected. Comparison between the proposed models and experimental results indicates that barrier deflection determines the upper limit of the jump height, while the lower limit is further controlled by the outflow mass flux. The improved hydro‐dynamic impact force model can adequately address most run‐up scenarios, whereas, for pile‐up cases, the contribution of the hydro‐static force should also be considered.
Different styles of subglacial soft bed hydrology: Examples from Breiðamerkurjökull and Fjallsjökull, Iceland
Authors: Hart Jane K. , Martinez Kirk , Baurley Nathaniel , Robson Benjamin A. , Andrews Amelia
Published: February 2025

Glacier behaviour and its response to climate change is partially controlled by the flow of water at the base of the glacier. The subglacial hydrology associated with soft ‐bedded glaciers is particularly poorly understood, even though numerous modern and palaeo‐glaciers flow over unconsolidated sediments. We have investigated glacier dynamics at two adjacent soft‐bedded Icelandic glaciers via a study of surface velocity. This included short‐term changes in surface velocity using a custom‐built low‐cost GNSS system, as well as with Sentinel‐1 velocity data. In addition, we have used PlanetScope scenes to investigate the occurrence of sediment plumes in a glacial lagoon as a proxy for meltwater discharge and modelled the hydrology associated with the lake. Our results show that at Fjallsjökull and Breiðamerkurjökull West, there is a pattern of winter speed‐up events associated with warmer days (termed winter events) and similar events in spring. At Breiðamerkurjökull East and Central, there are fewer winter speed‐up events and a distinct spring event. We suggest there are at least two different styles of soft‐bedded glacier behaviour related to subglacial meltwater storage. At Fjallsjökull and Breiðamerkurjökull West, we propose there is a multichannel distributed subglacial hydrological system, whereby during summer, excess meltwater is stored within the subglacial hydrological system and the till, which is partly released throughout the year resulting in speed‐up events. In contrast, at Breiðamerkurjökull East and Central, it is proposed there is a summer channelized drainage, caused by a combination of the presence of the deep proglacial lagoon and high meltwater flux and subglacial transmissivity. As a consequence of this, subglacial meltwater storage is limited, resulting in fewer winter speed‐up events and a distinct spring event. Thus, we suggest that these different subglacial hydrological systems associated with soft‐bedded glaciers can be distinguished via distinct variations in their seasonal velocity.
Re‐envisioning urban landscapes: lichens, liverworts, and mosses coexist spontaneously with us
Authors: Jung Nicole J , Eyster Harold N , Chan Kai MA
Published: February 2025

Current conceptions of “urban biodiversity” address only particular taxa, ignoring the full richness of species within cities. Despite their exclusion from these conceptions, tree‐dwelling lichens, mosses, and liverworts (collectively, “epiphytes”) are recognized as bioindicators of urbanization, but their inherent contributions to biodiversity are largely unrecognized. Here, we report on a survey of epiphytes in the city of Vancouver, Canada. Using Bayesian multilevel models, we asked the following questions: how diverse are epiphytes in this large temperate city, and what urban and host‐tree factors determine their distribution? We found 39 macrolichen, 32 moss, and seven liverwort species on Vancouver street trees, establishing them as rich microenvironments influenced by a network of interacting factors previously unaccounted for. Our results challenge the idea that pollution and urban heat islands primarily regulate urban epiphyte diversity; instead, we identify host‐tree genus as having strong effects on all epiphytes. Expanding urban biodiversity to include epiphyte diversity recharacterizes urban landscapes as rewilded spaces of interdependent coexistence.
Decoding Chemical Profiles, Biological Functions, and Medicinal Properties of Liquidambar orientalis Extracts Through Molecular Modeling and Bioinformatic Methods
Authors: Baloglu Mehmet Cengiz , Ozer Lutfiye Yildiz , Pirci Buket , Altunoglu Yasemin Celik , Soomro Sanam Iram , Zengin Gokhan , Cetiz Mehmet Veysi , Carradori Simone , Cziáky Zoltán , Jekő József
Published: February 2025

Liquidambar orientalis, the Anatolian sweetgum tree, is a relict and endemic species in Southwestern Turkey, traditionally used for therapeutic purposes. Our study comprehensively evaluated the therapeutic potential of L. orientalis extracts from its aerial parts to maximize bioactive compound extraction using methanol, ethyl acetate, and water as solvents. The methanolic extract exhibited the highest phenolic (73.04 ± 3.94 mg gallic acid equivalent [GAE]/g) and flavonoid content (48.86 ± 0.76 mg rutin equivalent [RE]/g), demonstrating superior antioxidant activity in 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (256.61 ± 1.70 mg Trolox equivalent [TE]/g), 2,2′‐azinobis‐(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) (308.41 ± 3.14 mg TE/g), and cupric ion–reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) (411.13 ± 8.48 mg TE/g) assays. It also showed significant enzyme inhibition for acetylcholinesterase (4.43 ± 0.09 mg galanthamine equivalent [GALAE]/g), tyrosinase (149.16 ± 1.14 mg kojic acid equivalent [KAE]/g), amylase (0.93 ± 0.02 mmol acarbose equivalent [ACAE]/g), and glucosidase (1.60 ± 0.01 mmol ACAE/g), suggesting potential applications in neurodegenerative disease management, skincare, and diabetes treatment. Furthermore, methanol and water extracts displayed promising antimicrobial activity due to phenolic compounds such as chlorogenic acid and methyl‐3‐O‐caffeoyl quinate. The methanolic extract exhibited potent anticancer effects against lung cancer (A549) cells, with significant reductions in cell viability and induction of autophagy. The aqueous extract showed remarkable efficacy against prostate cancer (PC3) cells, modulating apoptosis markers. Breast cancer cells (MDA‐MB‐231) exhibited differential responses, with ethyl acetate extract promoting apoptosis and water extract–enhancing autophagy. Furthermore, molecular docking and dynamics simulations provided additional evidence supporting the therapeutic potential of key phytochemicals from L. orientalis, particularly afzelin and epigallocatechin, against cancer‐related targets and bacterial enzymes. Overall, this study fills a gap in understanding the enzyme inhibitory and diverse anticancer effects of L. orientalis extracts, highlighting its potential multi‐targeted therapeutic applications, particularly in cancer therapy.
The Analysis and Comparison of Anti‐Inflammatory and Antioxidant Characteristics of Postbiotic and Paraprobiotic Derived From Novel Native Probiotic Cocktail in DSS‐Induced Colitic Mice
Authors: Rezaie Niloofar , Aghamohammad Shadi , Khiavi Elham Haj Agha Gholizadeh , Talebi Malihe , Pourshafie Mohammad Reza , Rohani Mahdi
Published: February 2025

Oxidative stress, particularly when precipitated by the intake of a diet rich in fats, has the potential to induce an inflammatory state. Therefore, it is crucial to consider the administration of agents possessing antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties for the benefit of these patients. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability of postbiotic and paraprobiotic substances to regulate oxidative stress and inflammation. We hypothesized that both postbiotics and paraprobiotics could demonstrated significant efficacy in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, with distinct differences in their effectiveness. A total of 88 Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains were assessed for antioxidant activity. Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups: HFD + PBS, HFD + DSS, HFD + DSS + postbiotic, and HFD + DSS + paraprobiotic. Various parameters, including weight change, disease activity index, and gene expression analysis, as well as enzymes involved in oxidative activities and inflammation were evaluated after treatment with derivatives of six selected strains. In comparison with the groups exposed to DSS, mice treated with a combination of postbiotic and paraprobiotic alongside DSS exhibited a reduction in DSS‐induced negative effects on both phenotypical characteristics and molecular indices, particularly the Nrf2‐ and NF‐kB‐related genes, with a notable focus on postbiotic. Based on the results, it can be inferred that despite the utilization of an unhealthy regime that may worsen oxidative stress and inflammation, the condition can be efficiently controlled by employing secure variations of probiotics, such as paraprobiotic and postbiotic components, with a particular emphasis on postbiotics.
Multi‐Cohort Analysis Reveals Genetic Predispositions to Clonal Hematopoiesis as Mutation‐Specific Risk Factors for Stroke
Authors: Lin Shuyang , Li Yang E. , Wang Yan
Published: February 2025

Recent observational studies have found an association between Clonal Hematopoesis (CH) and strokes but with incomplete results. This study aims to comprehensively characterize mutation‐specific effects of CH on ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke subtypes and 90‐day functional outcomes through publicly available genome‐wide association study (GWAS) cohorts and Mendelian Randomization. TET2 is associated with an increased risk of overall stroke (OR = 1.06, P = 0.02), ischemic stroke (OR = 1.05, P = 0.03), transient ischemic attack (OR = 1.07, P = 0.01) and small vessel stroke (OR = 1.29, P = 0.01), as well as adverse 90‐day modified Rankin scale (mRS ≥ 3) before (OR = 1.34, P = 0.005) and after adjusted for age, sex, and stroke severity (OR = 1.30, P = 0.02). While the presence of any CH mutation is associated with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) (OR = 1.21, P = 0.02), specific mutations, SRSF2 and ASXL1 are protective against ICH (OR = 0.9, P = 0.04) and nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (OR = 0.92, P = 0.03), respectively. In conclusion, the study provided genetic evidence that TET2 is strongly associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke and poor functional recovery. Future studies clarifying the relationship between CH and hemorrhagic stroke subtypes are needed.
Static and Dynamic Cross‐Network Functional Connectivity Shows Elevated Entropy in Schizophrenia Patients
Authors: Maksymchuk Natalia , Miller Robyn L. , Bustillo Juan R. , Ford Judith M. , Mathalon Daniel H. , Preda Adrian , Pearlson Godfrey D. , Calhoun Vince D.
Published: February 2025

Schizophrenia (SZ) patients exhibit abnormal static and dynamic functional connectivity across various brain domains. We present a novel approach based on static and dynamic inter‐network connectivity entropy (ICE), which represents the entropy of a given network's connectivity to all the other brain networks. This novel approach enables the investigation of how connectivity strength is heterogeneously distributed across available targets in both SZ patients and healthy controls. We analyzed fMRI data from 151 SZ patients and 160 demographically matched healthy controls (HC). Our assessment encompassed both static and dynamic ICE, revealing significant differences in the heterogeneity of connectivity levels across available functional brain networks between SZ patients and HC. These networks are associated with subcortical (SC), auditory (AUD), sensorimotor (SM), visual (VIS), cognitive control (CC), default mode network (DMN), and cerebellar (CB) functional brain domains. Elevated ICE observed in individuals with SZ suggests that patients exhibit significantly higher randomness in the distribution of time‐varying connectivity strength across functional regions from each source network, compared to HC. C‐means fuzzy clustering analysis of functional ICE correlation matrices revealed that SZ patients exhibit significantly higher occupancy weights in clusters with weak, low‐scale functional entropy correlation, while the control group shows greater occupancy weights in clusters with strong, large‐scale functional entropy correlation. K‐means clustering analysis on time‐indexed ICE vectors revealed that cluster with highest ICE have higher occupancy rates in SZ patients whereas clusters characterized by lowest ICE have larger occupancy rates for control group. Furthermore, our dynamic ICE approach revealed that in HC, the brain primarily communicates through complex, less structured connectivity patterns, with occasional transitions into more focused patterns. Individuals with SZ are significantly less likely to attain these more focused and structured transient connectivity patterns. The proposed ICE measure presents a novel framework for gaining deeper insight into mechanisms of healthy and diseased brain states and represents a useful step forward in developing advanced methods to help diagnose mental health conditions.
Are Text‐Message Based Programmes Targeting Adolescents and Their Parents an Acceptable Approach to Preventing Adolescent e‐Cigarette Use?
Authors: Barnes Courtney , Janssen Lisa , Mantach Stephanie , McCrabb Sam , Turon Heidi , Groombridge Daniel , Bartlem Kate , Bialek Caitlin , Couper Lucy , Wolfenden Luke
Published: February 2025

Issue Addressed

Increasing rates of e‐cigarette use amongst adolescents has been identified as a public health concern, due to negative health effects and the association with an increased risk of tobacco use. Effective strategies to prevent e‐cigarette uptake are required. Text‐message programmes represent a potentially effective and cost‐effective approach, that is also minimally invasive, but acceptability amongst adolescents and their parents is unclear. This study aims to explore adolescent and parental acceptability of a text‐message programme designed to prevent adolescent e‐cigarette use.

Methods

Adolescents (12–15 years) and their parents were recruited as part of a larger factorial randomised controlled trial (RCT). Participants allocated to the intervention conditions received a series of 12 text‐messages addressing topics such as knowledge of harms, social norms, and refusal skills. At 6‐month follow‐up, participants answered four questions regarding the acceptability of the text‐messages.

Results

In a sample of 30 adolescents and 35 parents, most parents agreed the messages were acceptable (94%) and would recommend them to peers (91%). Amongst adolescents, 77% agreed the messages were acceptable and 73% would recommend them to peers.

Conclusions

These preliminary findings suggest text‐messages designed to prevent e‐cigarette use are acceptable to adolescents and their parents and represent a promising prevention strategy. Effectiveness of the programme on outcomes such as e‐cigarette use susceptibility will be explored through the RCT currently underway.

So What?

Text‐messages aiming to prevent adolescents from using e‐cigarettes represents an acceptable intervention for both adolescents and their parents, but effectiveness still needs to be established.
Clinical Implications of Postsurgical Adhesions and Fibrosis: The Role of Vitamin C in Prevention and Control
Authors: Kitundu Jacob H. , Mashauri Harold L.
Published: February 2025

Postsurgical adhesions are common complications of surgery that affect millions of postsurgical patients worldwide. These are abnormal fibrous bands that form between organs or between organs and the respective walls during the healing process post surgery. Patients undergoing all kinds of surgeries can develop postsurgical adhesions. Increased risk of morbidity (including longer operative hours, multiple readmissions, longer hospital stays, and increased healthcare expenses) and mortality are among the associated complications. Despite various interventions being implemented with varying levels of success, their application and effectiveness remain limited. Due to its ready availability, affordability, and lack of significant side effects or reported adverse drug reactions, vitamin C supplementation can be an effective approach for preventing and controlling postsurgical adhesions and fibrosis, given the growing evidence supporting its effectiveness as the postsurgical adhesions and fibrosis preventive and control agent.
Household Catastrophic Health Expenditures in Maternal Care: A Cross‐Sectional Study From Semnan, Iran
Authors: Jafaei Sana , Kassaeian Sayed Saeed , Danaei Navid , Gharibi Farid
Published: February 2025

Background

Due to its indisputable influence on maternal and child health, maternal care is among the most crucial requisites in all health systems.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the catastrophic health expenditures (CHE) in maternal care.

Methods

This cross‐sectional survey included 400 pregnant women using systematic random sampling in Semnan, Iran, from July 1, 2022, to September 30, 2022. The study tool was a researcher‐made questionnaire, the content validity of which was approved by experts, and CVR and CVI values of 0.89 and 0.91, respectively. The CHE occurs when out‐of‐pocket medical expenditures account for 40% of household affordability and more, so all pregnancy‐related healthcare costs were recorded, and their ratio to the household's nonfood costs was calculated. Due to the qualitative nature of the data, a chi‐square test was performed to evaluate the statistical association between demographic and background variables with CHE.

Results

The mean direct costs for maternal care was $1697, of which 48% was related to diagnostic services, 11% to various therapies, and 41% to medical treatment. The ratio of direct costs to nonfood costs was 48.67%, and 50% of pregnant women and their households suffered from CHE. Furthermore, the factors of educational status, employment status, basic health insurance, supplementary health insurance, mode of delivery, place of delivery, place of receiving care, and the woman's weight during pregnancy had statistically significant relationships with CHE (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The status of financial support provided to Iranian pregnant women is not desirable. The Iranian health system should reduce the incidence of CHE in maternal care by taking the following steps: (1) fully covering the costs of maternal care services by strengthening insurance facilities, (2) investing enough money in domestic procurement of diagnostic technology and medical supplements, and (3) providing high‐quality maternal care in the public sector facilities.
Goat Milk‐Based Infant Formula and the Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Infants: A Real‐World‐Evidence Study From Brazil, Mexico, Russia, and the Netherlands
Authors: Knipping Karen , Böhme Juliane , Goossens Dominique , van Lee Linde , van der Zee Lucie
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims

Infants often experience gastro‐intestinal (GI) symptoms whereby their nutrition might play a role in the occurrence of these symptoms. Evidence suggests that consuming goat milk‐based infant formula (GMF) may provide relief. Therefore, a study was performed to assess the prevalence of GI symptoms in infants and the role of GMF.

Methods

From June 2021 until November 2022, a cross‐sectional observational survey was conducted in Brazil, Mexico, Russia, and The Netherlands by recruiting parents/legal guardians through social media. GI symptoms after introduction of GMF were questioned using the validated Cow's Milk‐Related Symptom Score (CoMiSS; scoring 0–33), lower scores indicate fewer symptoms. Occurrence of crying, gassiness, eczema, respiratory symptoms and stool consistency were asked retrospectively before and ≥ 14 days after introduction of GMF.

Results

The study population (n = 425) of GMF‐consumers mostly consisted of 0‐6 months‐old infants with a median age of 5 months. Overall, CoMiSS was low among GMF‐consumers (median 1.00, IQR 4.00, range 0–14) of which 89% had CoMiSS ≤ 6 (n = 317), indicating (severity of) symptoms commonly present in healthy infants. After introduction of GMF, the majority of infants had lower symptom scores of gassiness (87%, n = 128), skin symptoms (78%, n = 32), watery stools/diarrhea (80%, n = 32) or hard stools/constipation (84%, n = 57), and crying (87%, n = 122). The CoMiSS in GMF‐consumers was significantly lower, meaning fewer symptoms, compared to GMF‐non‐consumers (p = < 0.001). CoMiSS was similar among categories of age, sex, and country of residence.

Conclusion

This sample of infants fed GMF showed a low prevalence of GI symptoms and parents reported lower prevalence of GI symptoms after introduction of GMF based on retrospectively questionnaires. CoMiSS in GMF‐consumers was significantly lower when compared to GMF‐non‐consumers. These results give indications of a potential benefit of GMF in managing GI symptoms in infants. Clinicaltrial. gov identifier NCT06755424.