bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of inoculant seed treatment and foliar fertilization on the duration of vegetation and interphase periods of soybean cultivars
Authors: Chynchyk O. , Kozyrskyy D.
Published: September 2022

Offering new soybean varieties to agricultural producers necessitates research on their adaptation to certain soil and climatic conditions of cultivation. Therefore, the sign of the length of the vegetation period is crucial for growing soybeans in specifc soil and climatic conditions. The studies carried out in 2019–2021 have shown a signifcant dependence of the length of the vegetation period on weather conditions. Thus, the weather conditions in 2021 caused the longest vegetation period for soybean varieties, and the weather conditions in 2020 determined the shortest vegetation period for this legume. It was found that with the introduction of N 30P60K60 the shortest vegetation period was in the precocious variety of soybean Samorodok and it lasted 101 days. The longer vegetation period was in the precocious soybean cultivar Rogiznyanka and lasted with an average of 113 days. Early maturing soybean cultivars Orpheus and Triada had an average vegetation period of 112 and 122 days. For the middle early maturing varieties of Eurydice and Arrata the vegetation period lasted 113 and 127 days, respectively. In medium-ripe varieties Azimuth and Aurora the vegetation period lasted 118 and 121 days, respectively. Pre-sowing seed treatment with Rhizoactive extended the vegetation period of the Samorodok soybean cultivar by one day, and the Rogiznyanka, Triada, Orpheus, Arrata, Eurydice, Azimuth and Aurora soybean varieties by two days. On average, over the three years of research, it was found that in the Western Forest-Steppe conditions against the background of N30P60K60 application, seed treatment with Rhizoactive and Fulvohumin foliar fertilization, the Arrata soybean cultivar had the longest vegetation period with the duration of 130 days. Thus, varietal characteristics made the most significant factor inﬂuencing the duration of soybean vegetation in the research. At the same time, inoculation of seeds with Rhizoactive and foliar fertilization of crops with Fulvohumin changed the duration of the vegetation period of the studied soybean varieties by only 1–3 days. The studied varieties differed signifcantly in the initiation and rate of growth and development phases of soybean plants. Since the degree of compliance of growth and development factors with the optimal value varies signifcantly depending on the phenological phase, it is advisable to grow several varieties of different maturity groups in order to achieve stable soybean production.
Key words: soybean, cultivar, vegetation period, fertilizers, Rhizoactive, Fulvohumin.
Components of photosynthetic activity of cherry trees in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine
Authors: Shubenko L. , Shokh S. , Karpuk L. , Didkovskiy M. , Kozachuk S.
Published: September 2022

The article presents the results of research on the photosynthetic activity of cherry trees. The aim of the research was to study the morphological, growth and biochemical characteristics of the leaf cover of cherry trees depending on the time of fruit ripening. Observations, analysis and laboratory studies reveal morphological and biochemical features of annual tree growth, total leaf surface and content of green pigments in the leaves which is one of the main indicators of photosynthetic potential of fruit trees. It was established that Dar Mlieva was characterized by the largest total length of annual increments among early ripening varieties, Melitopolʹsʹka krapchasta variety – among medium ripening varieties, and Drogana zhovta variety among late ripening varieties. Aborehenka variety had the largest average length of shoots, and Mirage variety had the smallest length. The number of shoots on the tree and the activity of annual new ramules make the shoot-forming ability. Cherry varieties are divided into groups according to the obtained data: with a high degree of shoot formation – Dar Mlieva, Zoryana, Mirage, Melitopolʹsʹka krapchasta and Drogana zhovta; middle degree – Mliivsky zhovta, Aboriginal, Meotida, Amazon and low degree – varieties Alyonushka, Biryuza, Donetsky uholʹok. Low leaf area of cherry plantations negatively affected the activity of the processes of photosynthesis and productivity of plantations aged 6–8 years and made 14–35 % of the optimal. The content of chlorophyll in the leaves depended largely on the characteristics of the pomological variety, while for the maturity of the fruit, the dependence was not detected. The middle maturity cherry varieties of Mirage and Meotida diﬀered favorably in the content in the leaf of pigments of photosynthesis of carotenoids, chlorophyll a, b, as well as the sum of a + bchlorophylls . The content of these indicators exceeded the indicators of other studied varieties by 25 % on average.
Key words: sweet cherry, photosynthesis, total leaf surface, length of annual increments, chlorophyll content.
Sorghum grain yield and energy efciency under diﬀerent crop care measures
Authors: Titarenko O. , Karpuk L.
Published: September 2022

The results of research on the peculiarities of grain sorghum yield formation and its energy efciency depending on the use of microfertilizers and plant growth regulators in conditions of unstable moisture in the right-bank Forest-Steppe are shown in the article. The aim of the research was to identify the inﬂuence of elements of the technology of growing early-ripening grain sorghum hybrids on the productivity and energy efciency of the crop. During 2019–2021, research was conducted in the research feld of the training and production center of Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University. It was found that the most favorable conditions for the realization of the biological potential of the culture were in 2021, when the average experiment was 9.89 t/ha, compared to 2020 – 5.39 t/ha. It was found out that the best grain yields in the cultivation of Brigga sorghum hybrid were obtained with the use of foliar fertilizer with micro-fertilizer Alpha-Grow-Extra combined with Stimpo growth regulator – 7.71 t/ha. However, for the cultivation of Yutami sorghum hybrid, on the variant of application of foliar fertilizer with alpha-Grow-Extra microfertilizer, in combination with both growth regulators, the yield was 8.89 and 8.88 t/ha. It was determined that the best indicators of energy collection with grain in the cultivation of Brigga sorghum hybrid were obtained on the variant of foliar fertilization with microfertilizer Alpha-Grow-Extra, 2 l/ha in combination with Stimpo growth regulator – 116.72 GJ/ha. And for the cultivation of Yutami sorghum hybrid on the variant of application of foliar fertilizer with micro-fertilizer Alpha-Grow-Extra, in combination with both growth regulators, the minimum diﬀerence and maximum energy collection was obtained – 134.58 and 134.39 GJ/ha.
Key words: grain sorghum, hybrid, growth regulator, microfertilizer, yield, energy efficiency.
Spring triticale productivity at diﬀerent doses of nitrogen fertilizers
Authors: Lubich V. , Nevlad V. , Martyniuk A.
Published: September 2022

Mineral nutrition improvement contributed signifcantly to spring triticale grain yield. On average, during the two years of research, the use of 30–210 kg/ha of active ingredient of nitrogen fertilizers increased it to 6.50–8.36 t/ha or by 14–46 % compared to unfertilized plots (5.71 t/ha). The stability index of yield formation was high – 0.92–0.95. Weather conditions in research years were different. The precipitation level in April – June 2014 made 442.7 mm, and in 2015 – 87.5 mm. In 2014, the application of N30–210 signifcantly increased the grain yield – by 0.81–2.66 t/ha, and in 2015 – by 0.77–2.64 t/ha compared to no fertilizer variant. It is worth noting that the use of phosphorus–potassium fertilizers provided 0.30–0.32 t/ha. The application of 30–210 kg/ha of active ingredient of nitrogen fertilizers increased the protein content in spring triticale grain. During the two years of research, it increased, on average, from 13.7% in no fertilizer variant to 13.8–15.4 % or 1–12 %. The use of phosphorus– potassium fertilizers did not change this indicator. The use of high doses of nitrogen fertilizers (120–210 kg/ha) slightly reduced the stability index of protein content in the grain to 0.87–0.90. In terms of protein yield in triticale grain yield, variants with nitrogen fertilizers have signifcant advantage of unfertilized plots with the stability index of 0.92– 0.99. On average, during the two years of research, this indicator increased by 115–506 kg/ha or 1.1–1.6 times (894–1285 kg/ha) compared to no fertilizer variant. The use of phosphorus–potassium fertilizers increased protein yield to 818 kg/ha or 5 %. Gluten content varied greatly from the use of nitrogen fertilizers. On average, over two years of research, its content increased from 18.7% in no fertilizer variant to 20.4–26.4 % or 9–41 %. Stability index in this fertilizer scenario increased from 0.76 to 0.91. The use of phosphorus–potassium fertilizers had the least eﬀect on gluten content – 19.3 %. In the conditions of the Right–Bank Forest–Steppe in the fertilizer system of spring triticale varieties of Kharkiv Khlibodar type the dose of nitrogen fertilizers is 60–90 kg/ha. In this scenario, the yield is 6.80–7.90 t/ha, protein content – 14.0–14.5 %, gluten content – 23.6– 25.0 %. The grain corresponds to the frst quality class according to SSTU 4762: 2007. Triticale. Specifcations.
Key words: spring triticale, yield, protein content, protein yield, gluten content, nitrogen fertilizers.
Infestation of soft spring wheat by leaf diseases depending on nitrogen nutrition
Authors: Lubich V. , Polyanetska I. , Klymovych N.
Published: September 2022

Infestation of soft spring wheat plants depends on the growth stage and weather conditions of the growing season. Plants have the highest resistance to brown rust in the tillering stage. Brown rust developed in 2014 throughout the growing season. The lowest infestation intensity was during tillering – booting stage, which did not change from the experiment variant – 5.0 %. The lowest spread of brown rust was in the tillering stage – 10 %, in the booting stage – 40 %. The resistance was assessed 8 points. In the earing stage, the infestation intensity increased in no fertilizer variants and P30K30 to 8.0–8.2 % or by 60 % with a resistance of 7 points. This indicator in the variants with nitrogen fertilizers was 4.1–4.3 % with a resistance of 8 points, but all stems were infected (100 % spread). Affected leaves were in the middle layer, as their resistance by E. E. Saari and J. M. Prescott scale was at 5 points. Plants had the least resistance to brown rust in the milk stage of soft spring wheat grain. The intensity increased to 15.2–18.7 % or 2.1–4.7 times compared to the earing stage. The lowest resistance was assessed 6 points. All leaves were affected (resistance by E. E. Saari and J. M. Prescott scale – 1 point). In 2015, brown rust appeared in the milk stage of soft spring wheat grain. However, the infestation intensity was insignifcant – 5.0–6.5 % depending on the experiment variant. The prevalence of brown rust decreased from 60 % in unfertilized areas to 30 % on phosphorus–potassium background and up to 10 % with nitrogen fertilizers. Plant resistance was high – 7–8 points depending on the experiment variant. Powdery mildew develops throughout the growing season of both research years. In 2014, the infestation intensity is the lowest in the tillering stage – 7.7–8.0 % with 50 % spread, with the resistance of 7 points. In the booting stage of plants, the infestation intensity increased to 44.1–46.8 % or 5.8–5.9 times compared to the tillering stage. All plants were affected, and the resistance was 3 points. In subsequent stages of growth, the intensity of powdery mildew increased. Thus, in the earing stage this indicator increased to 65.1–69.2 % or 8.5–8.7 times, and in the milk stage – 9.5–9.7 times compared to tillering depending on the fertilizer. The stems of soft spring wheat were all affected, and the resistance was 2 points.
Key words: brown leaf rust, powdery mildew, infestation intensity, spread, resistance.
Yield and quality of soft winter wheat depending on the sowing rates
Authors: Kolibabchuk T. , Kuzmenko O. , Zarva O. , Lubich V.
Published: September 2022

The study has found that on average for two years of research, the yield of soft winter wheat was the highest at sowing rates of 5 million/ha – 5.53 t/ha. Under sowing rates of 4 million/ha the indicator made 5.28 t/ha or only 5 % less compared to the sowing rate of 5 million/ha. Sowing rate increase to 8 million/ha reduced grain yield by 3–5 %. In addition, the stability index was high – 0.95–0.98. The yield varied from 4.82 to 5.59 t/ha in more favorable 2021, and in 2020 – from 4.56 to 5.47 t/ha depending on the sowing rate. Increased sowing rate of soft winter wheat contributed to reduced protein content in the grain. Thus, its highest content was at the lowest seeding rate – 15.8 %, and at 8 million/ha – 12.6 %. Protein content varied due to weather conditions during the ripening period of soft winter wheat. Thus, with moisture defcit in 2020, the protein content was the highest – 12.9–16.1, and in 2021 it made 12.2–15.4 % depending on the experiment variant. Stability index was high – 0.93–0.97. Starch content varied inversely with protein content. Thus, with the increase in sowing rate, this indicator increased from 55.6 to 59.0 % with a stability index of 0.98–0.99. On average, over two years of research, gluten content decreased from 33.9 to 27.3 % or 20 %. Its highest content was obtained under the cultivation of soft winter wheat in 2020 – 27.7–35.8 %, and in 2021 – 26.8–31.9 %. An increase in sowing rate decreased the sedimentation index of soft winter wheat. Thus, on average over two years of research, this indicator decreased from 63.7 at the lowest sowing rate to 35.9 cm3 or 1.8 times. The strength of soft winter wheat ﬂour decreased from 334 to 228 units of instrument with an increase in sowing rate or 1.5 times. The grain unit of soft winter wheat increased from 696 g/l at sowing rates of 3 million/ha to 725– 729 g/l at sowing rates of 4–5 million/ha or by 4–5 %. With the increase of the sowing rate to 6–8 million/ ha, the grain yield decreased to 694–718 g/l or by 2–5 % compared to the indicator obtained at sowing rates of 4–5 million/ha. Stability index was high – 0.97–0.99. Grain unit has hardly changed over the research years. In the agrotechnology of LP 2666 soft winter wheat line, the sowing rate should be 4–5 million/ha. In this scenario, the yield is 5.28–5.53 t/ha, protein content– 14.3–15.1 %.
Key words: soft winter wheat, yield, sowing rate, grain quality, stability index.
Fruit trees rust: genus Gymnosporangium pathology spread and host plants of the pathogens
Authors: Marchenko A. , Kravchuk A. , Stupka V.
Published: September 2022

Phytopathological examination of orchards of various forms of ownership reveal that every year the rust of pip fruit trees has become widespread and reached its epiphytosis. In 2008, we detected symptoms of rust on pip fruit trees in the form of single yellow spots on pear leaves in orchards of different ages and forms of ownership. The identifcation found that the fungus Gymnosporangium sabinae G. Winter, (1882) (syn. G. fuscum DC. (1805)) was the causative agent of pear rust. The prevalence of pathology was insignifcant within 3–5 %. Every year the percentage of the pathology spread and development had been increasing and in 2021 it amounted to 55-75% and 4-5 points, respectively. Symptoms of the lesion were observed on leaves, young shoots and fruits. Microscopic studies found several species of pathogens of the genus Gymnosporangium, namely G. sabinae G. Winter, G. dobrozrakovae Mitrof., G. confusum Plowr., dominated by G. sabinae G. Winter that in the pathological complex of the affected organs of the pear there are. In 2012, we detected symptoms of rust on apple tree leaves in the form of single yellow spots, with a prevalence of 3 %. The identifcation established that the fungi G. tremelloides Hartig and G. dobrozrakovae Mitrof. were the causative agents of apple leaf rust are with G. tremelloides Hartig having a signifcant dominance. In 2021, the percentage of prevalence and development of this pathology ranged 25–30 % and 2–3 points, respectively. In the collection fund of the Botanical Garden of BNAU the section of Angiosperms is represented by one genus Cydonia Mill and the species C. oblonga Mill. In 2018, we noted a few small spots on the leaves of quince caused by the pathogen G. confusum Plowr. The microscopic analysis of the affected organs of species of the genus Juniperus L. with the signs of rust reveal that the pathological complex involved four pathogens of the genus Gymnosporangium, which are the causative agents of pip fruit trees rust. Seven species of Juniperus L. are ecological niches for rust pathogens of pear, apple and quince, namely Juniperus communis L. – for G. tremelloides Hartig, Juniperus excels – for G. sabinae Wint., G. dobrozrakovae Mitrof., J.foetidissima – G. sabinae Wint. G. dobrozrakovae Mitrof., G. confusum Plowr., J. oxycedrus – for G. sabinae Wint., G. confusum Plowr., J. phoenicea – for G. sabinae Wint., G. confusum Plowr., J. sabina - G. sabinae Wint., J. macropoda – G. confusum Plowr.
Кey words: pip fruit trees, rust, agent, Gymnosporangium, Juniperus L.
Intensity of CO2 emissions from sod-podzolic soil at diﬀerent doses of ameliorants and fertilization of winter rape in Western Polissia
Authors: Polovyi V. , Yashchenko L. , Rovna H. , Huk B.
Published: September 2022

Observations by the intensity of CO2 emissions on sod-podzolic soil in the feld of winter rape showed its dependence on fertilizer systems, liming, seasonal dynamics of air temperature, moisture conditions and soil acidity. In summer, there is an increase in the release of carbon dioxide, which is associated with maximum biological activity of the soil. It was found that in the spring rosette phase in variant N120P90K120 with dose 0.5 Ha (by the hydrolytic acidity) of dolomite ﬂour the emission intensity was the highest – 121.3 and 130.1 mg of CO2/kg of soil. The lowest evaporation rate of carbon dioxide (116 mg/kg of soil) was recorded when applying 1.5 Ha doses of dolomite ﬂour on the background of the same fertilizer. The decrease of carbon dioxide emissions in the phase of rape budding and ﬂowering at an air temperature of 15.2–18.4 °С and productive moisture of 10.8–14.6 mm in the 0–20 cm soil layer it was noted. By the addition of dolomite ﬂour decreasing was 5–20 % to the control and 6–23 % to the background of N120P90K120. In these phase of culture vegetation, the lowest CO2 ﬂuxes from the soil (100.9 mg / kg) was observed by the application of dolomite ﬂour at a dose of 1.5 Ha on the fertilization background, while on the control it was 105.7 mg CO2/kg of soil. A similar trend was found in the phase of technical maturity of winter rape. At an air temperature of 28.6 °С and a reserve of productive soil moisture of 9.3 mm (0–20 cm layer), the emission index of carbon dioxide for the specifed dose of liming and fertilizer was at the level of 60.3 mg CO2/kg. It should be noted that in control and variant of N120P90K120 application (background) the decreasing of sod-podzolic soil acidity (pHKCl) to 4.1–4.0 units caused an increase of CO2 production by the soil during the growing season of winter rape. It was proved that the use of dolomite ﬂour at a dose of 1.5 На on the background of N120P90K120 had a more complete neutralizing eﬀect, which helped to reduce the intensity of CO2 emissions by 6.4–22.2 %.
Key words: winter rape, CO2 emissions, fertilizers, ameliorants, soil acidity, productivity.
Influence of crops mineral nutrition on the biometric indicators of grain sorghum formation
Authors: Pravdyva L.
Published: September 2022

The study of the elements of grain sorghum cultivation technology, in particular, the application of mineral fertilizers, is one of the main promising tasks, which will contribute to the formation of high crop productivity. The article shows the results of studies on the effect of various doses of mineral fertilizers on the the growing season duration, feld germination and biometric indicators of sorghum plants of grain varieties Dniprovsky 39 and Vinets in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The studies were carried out in 2016–2020 in the conditions of the Bila Tserkva Experimental Breeding Station of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet of the National Academy of Sciences – the zone of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. It was found that the use of fertilizers at a dose of N30P30K30 and N60P60K60 increased the duration of the growing season of grain sorghum plants by 1–2 days compared to the control, and at a dose of N90P90K90 and N120P120K120 by 2–3. At the calculated dose of fertilizers, the growing season was the shortest and amounted to 114 days for the Dniprovsky variety 39 and 112 days for the Vinets variety. The greatest inﬂuence on the feld germination of seeds in the years of research was exerted by weather conditions – 27.1 % and fertilizers – 13.2 %, and the degree of inﬂuence of varieties was much less 9.5 %. The results of the correlation-regression analysis reveal a strong relationship between the stem diameter and plant height, as well as between the leaf surface area and plant height. It was found out that with the application of maximum doses of fertilizers (N90P90K90 and N120P120K120) and the estimated (N50P40K70) received the maximum growth and development of plants, so it is advisable to apply the estimated dose of fertilizers below the planned yield, which will reduce production costs.
Key words: varieties, fertilizers, feld similarity, plant height, leaf area.
The influence of genotype and conditions of the year on the inheritance of productive bushiness at hybridization of soft winter wheat cultivars that differ in early maturation
Authors: Lozinskiy M. , Ustinova H.
Published: September 2022

The peculiarities of inheritance of productive bushes in F1, obtained by cross-breeding of different cultivars of soft winter wheat were studied in the conditions of the experimental feld of the Research and Production center of the Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University in 2018–2020 contrasting in the hydrothermal conditions. During the research years, the productive bushiness of selected parental forms for hybridization had a signifcant differentiation of 1.1–2.2 pieces of stem/plant. The varieties formed maximum average productive bushiness (1.7 pcs. stalk/plant) in 2020, and in 2018–2019 the indicator was at the level of 1.5 pcs. stalk/plant. Research has shown that winter wheat productive bushiness is a genetically controlled trait and is highly susceptible to the conditions of the year. The vast majority of hybrids produced in 2018– 2020 signifcantly exceeded the original forms for productive bushing (2.3–7.6 pcs. stalk/plant). The maximum F1 index (4.7 pcs. stalk/plant) was formed in 2019. Under 2018 conditions, the productive bushiness represented 4.1 pcs. In 2018 conditions, the productive bushiness represented 4.1 pcs. stalk/ plant. The minimum productive bushes of 2.8 pcs. stalk/ plant in the hybrid crop were formed in 2020. The results show that the productive bushiness F1 depends on the components of hybridization and the conditions of the year. Positive hypothetical and true heterosis for three years are determined in 34 and 32 of 36 combinations of hybridization, respectively. Stable high hypothetical (307.7–105.4 %) and true (278.6–100.0 %) heterosis, for 2018–2020, was in Bilotserkivska semi-dwarf / Zolotokolosa, Bilotserkivska semi-dwarf / Chornyava, Bilotserkivska semi-dwarf / Vidrada, Zolotokolosa / Chornyava, Zolotokolosa / Vidrada. Studies have found that positive overdominance is the most common type of inheritance of productive bushiness in 2018–2020 observed in 95.1 % of hybrids. However, indicators of phenotypic dominance of productive bushiness in the research years are determined by selected components of hybridization and the conditions of the year. The experimental data indicate that the crossbreeding of soft winter wheat varieties that differ in early maturity of parental forms of made it possible to isolate hybrids, which in contrasting hydrothermal conditions for the growing season years have formed stable high manifestations of productive bushiness.
Key words: soft winter wheat, parental forms, hybrids, productive bushiness, hypothetical and true heterosis, degree of phenotypic dominance, type of inheritance.
دور التشريعات والقوانين الغربية في حماية الطفل من الإشهار
Authors: زعموم خالد
Published: September 2022

ترمي هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على أهم التشريعات والقوانين ذات الصلة بالإشهار الموجه للطفل، وذلك بالتركيز على المقاربة الغربية التي تتميز بالتنوع في طرح المشكلة وتشخيصها. وقد أبرزت الدراسة أن هناك إدراك عالمي لتأثير الرسائل الإشهارية على الطفل، إلا أن معظم التشريعات الغربية ترفض القوانين المقيدة لبث الرسائل الإشهارية الموجهة للطفل دون سن 12، باستثناء التجربة السويدية ومقاطعة كيبك الكندية اللتان فضلتا منع الرسائل الإشهارية في وسائل الإعلام.
وتوصلت الدراسة إلى نتيجة مفادها أن جل التجارب الغربية المدروسة تتبنى سياسات تشريعية وقائية " Preventive Legislative Policies" والتي ترمي أساساً إلى توعية الوكالات الإشهارية والشركات التجارية بالأضرار والتأثيرات النفسية والاجتماعية والصحية لبعض الرسائل الإشهارية التي لها علاقة بصحة الطفل.
القيم العلمية السائدة في برامج الأطفال التي تقدمها قناة mbc3
Authors: محمد عزالدين سينهات
Published: September 2022

تتمثل المشكلة الاساسية لهذا البحث في الكشف عن القيم العلمية التي تتضمنها برامج الاطفال في قناة mbc3) )والتي توجَه الى فئة مهمة من فئات المجتمع،هي فئة الاطفال والذين يمضون ساعات طويلة أمام شاشات التلفاز؛لمشاهدة هذه البرامج ، وعليه فهم  يكتسبون العديد من القيم التي من الممكن أنَ تحلَ محل القيم الثابتة، كالقيم الاجتماعية ،والاخلاقية ،والدينية وغيرها ، وقدتم استخدام طريقة تحليل المضمون لتحليل برامج الاطفال التي تعرضها  قناة mbc3) )،وتوصل البحث الى عدد من النتائج التي يمكن اجمالها بالآتي :
  تباينت درجة أَهمية القيم العلمية في قناة(mbc3 )، فكانت لقيمتي  تعلم مهارات جديدة واكساب قيم الفهم والتفكير  التكرارات والنسب الأعلى بين فئات القيم العلمية الاخرى..
 تعمل برامج الاطفال على زيادة ثقافة الطفل عن طريق المعلومات الوفيرة التي احتوت عليها مضامين برامج الاطفال في قناة (mbc3).
تمثلت المجموعة القيمية  العلميةالرئيسة لقناة (mbc3 في ثلاثة قيم ،هي : قيم الثقافة ، وقيم المعرفة ،وقيم الفهم والتفكير.
كانت لقيم اكساب او تعلم مهارات جديدة اعلى نسبة في مجموعة القيم الفرعية لقيم الثقافة ، في حين بلغت قيمة المعلومات اعلى قيمة في مجموعة قيم المعرفة ، واخيراً شكلت قيمة الحث على التفكير اعلى نسبة في مجموعة القيم الفرعية لقيم الفهم والتفكير.
تمثلت الشخصيات المجسدة للقيمةفي قناة( mbc3 )، في فئة شخصيات كارتونية والكبار فقط.
شكلت فئة شخصيات كارتونية اعلى نسبة في قيم الثقافة من بين فئات الشخصيات  المجسدة للقيمة، في حين كانت فئة الكباراعلى نسبة في قيم الفهم والفكير ضمن مجموعة القيم العلمية الرئيسة في قناةmbc3
استراتيجيات العلاقات العامة التسويقية على المستوى الدولي (دراسة تحليلية لموقعي"Samsung, Apple"على الانترنت)
Authors: ياسين آية حمزة , العزاوي سالم جاسم
Published: September 2022

تحظى العلاقات العامة التسويقية باهتمام واسع من المؤسسات العالمية ، إذ تؤدي أنشطتها ووسائلها واستراتيجياتها دوراً بالغ الأهمية في تسويق ما لدى المؤسسة من منتجات وخدمات وأفكار ، فهي بمثابة حلقة الوصل بين الشركة وجمهورها ، إذ يقع على عاتقها تعريف الجمهور بالمؤسسة، والنقل الصادق للمعلومات، وهذا يعطى انطباعاً جيداً عن المؤسسة ، بحيث تصبح المؤسسة ومنتجاتها منسجمة مع احتياجات الجمهور ومصالحه ، وبناءً على ذلك يرمي هذا البحث إلى التعرف على الاستراتيجيات التي تستخدمها العلاقات العامة التسويقية في المجال الدولي، وقد استخدمت الباحثة المنهج المسحي والذي يقوم على جمع البيانات بشكل منظم عن الظاهرة ثم تنظيمها وتحليلها للخروج بمؤشرات ونتائج للدراسة، واستعانت الباحثة بأداة تحليل المضمون للكشف والتعرف عن الاستراتيجيات المتبعة في موقعي & Apple  Samsungوتوصلت الباحثة إلى جملة من النتائج أهمها نجاح شركتي Samsung, Apple) ) في توظيف استراتيجيات العلاقات العامة التسويقية في موقعهما الالكتروني على أساس مخطط ومدروس, واعتمدت شركتا (samsung, Apple) على ألاستمالات العاطفية والعقلية في منشورات موقعهما الالكتروني، إذ أعتمدتا بالمرتبة الاولى على الاستمالات العاطفية لإحداث التأثير في الجمهور.
الأساليب الاقناعية في تصميم الانفوغرافيك دراسة تحليلية
Authors: الربيعي بيرق حسين جمعة
Published: September 2022

يهدف البحث الى الكشف عن الاتجاهات الحديثة المستخدمة في تقديم المعلومات ومعرفة الأساليب الاقناعية المستخدمة في تصميم محتوى الانفوغرافيك فضلاً عن طبيعة الأساليب الاقناعية التصميمية والموضوعات التي يقدمها الانفوغرافيك في عينة البحث.
   استخدمت الباحثة المنهج المسحي وتحديدا المسح بطريقة تحليل المضمون لتحليل مادة الانفوغرافيك من العينة المختارة من المواقع الصحفية والاخبارية موضوع البحث مستنداً على طريقة ماذا قيل ؟ و كيف قيل ؟  واعتمدت على العينة القصدية ، وتعتمد هذه العينة على  اختيار العينة بناءً على الخبرات وتقييم خصائصها الفنية والوظيفية والاعلامية التي تتوافر في عينة البحث بـ ( موقع السومرية نيوز  و موقع وكالة موازين نيوز )  ، معتمدةً في سحب العينة على اسلوب الحصر الشامل للعينة طوال شهر وهي المدة الزمنية التي حددتها الباحثة لإجراء البحث وبلغ مجموع العينة 25 انفوغرافيك. ومن ابرز النتائج التي توصل اليها البحث الغنى المعلوماتي في الانفوغرافيك عينة البحث فضلاً عن الاهتمام بالمعلومات الإخبارية ومؤشرات الثقة التي تعد عنصرا مهما في جودة معلومات الانفوغرافيك مع الاهتمام بجودة التصميم بالاعتماد على الانفوغرافيك الاحصائي والوصفي والمركب والاستفهامي والمقارن وهذا مؤشر مهم لاهتمام عينة البحث في طريقة عرض المعلومات ، مع تفضيل استخدام الانفوغرافيك الفيديو لما يمتاز به من جاذبية بإسلوب العرض فضلا عن استخدام الانفوغرافيك الثابت الذي لا غنى عنه.
إذاعة جمهورية العراق وتسويق الوعي بحقوق الأقليات دراسة مسحية على العاملين في الإذاعة
Authors: حمودي صفد حسام
Published: September 2022

بدأت طروحات نشر الوعي بحقوق الأقليات وتأمين الحريات لهم تأخذ اهتماماً دولياً متصاعداً، لاسيما بعد تزايد أثر الحروب والصراعات على أوضاع تلك الأقليات، وتشدد (اليونسكو) على ضرورة ان تولي سياسات الإعلام والاتصال عناية أكبر بحماية حقوق الأقليات.
        ومن هنا تأتي أهمية بحثنا، الذي تكمن مشكلته في التساؤل الرئيس: (ما دور إذاعة جمهورية العراق في تسويق الوعي بحقوق الأقليات على الصعيد الاجتماعي العام؟)، بوصفها إحدى وسائل شبكة الإعلام العراقي، والتي تلزمها القوانين النافذة بان تهتم بحقوق الأقليات ونشر ثقافة التعددية والتنوع وقبول الآخر في المجتمع المحلي.
       وقد عمد الباحث على تصميم استمارة الاستبيان في دراسته المسحية للعاملين في الإذاعة، على وفق محاور ركزت على آليات التخطيط البرامجي في إذاعة جمهورية العراق، ومعالجة الإذاعة للقضايا الهامة على الصعيد الاجتماعي، ودور الإذاعة في تسويق الوعي بحقوق الأقليات، وقد كان من بين الاستنتاجات التي تواصل إليها:

تتناول إذاعة جمهورية العراق القضايا المرتبطة بالأقليات ضمن سياقها الإعلامي العام، ولا تعتمد استراتيجيات محددة لتسويق الوعي بحقوقهم.
تضع الإذاعة خططها البرامجية على وفق سياسات شبكة الإعلام العراقي واقتراحات بعض منتسبيها، الأمر الذي يُنتج تكراراً للمضامين الرئيسة للدورات البرامجية فيها.
تؤثر بعض الضغوط في تناول الأحداث المرتبطة بالأقليات في العراق، ومن بينها اتجاهات العاملين في الإذاعة ومواقفهم الشخصية من شرائح معينة من تلك الأقليات.
السمعة المؤسسية: دراسة وصفية لتطور المفهوم وأساليب القياس
Authors: الصالحي حاتم علي حيدر
Published: September 2022

ترمي الدراسة إلى رصد مفهوم السمعة في الأدبيات السابقة، وعلاقته بالصورة الذهنية والهوية، والكشف عن الاتجاهات الحديثة في أساليب قياسه، واعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي باستخدام المسح المكتبي والتحليل المقارن، وتوصلت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات، نوجزها في الآتي: برغم بداية الإرهاصات الأولية للسمعة في خمسينيات القرن الماضي إلا إن تحديد المفهوم وتقنينه بأبعاد واضحة ومحددة بدأ في تسعينيات القرن الماضي وبداية الألفية الثالثة، ويشير مفهوم السمعة إلى التقييم العام للمنظمات لدى مجموعات المصالح والذي يعكس تصوراتهم لأداء المنظمات وسلوكياتها الماضية والحالية والمستقبلية، وتتشكل هذه التصورات مع مرور الزمن، و أظهرت النتائج وجود اتجاهات عدة لقياس السمع، منها اتجاهات ضيقت مفهوم السمعة، أواستعارت مؤشرات لقياسه من مفاهيم أخرى، ويعد اتجاه التوقعات الاجتماعية هو الاتجاه الأوسع والأشمل الذي نظر للسمعة عبر التوقعات المتعددة لمجموعات المصالح من المنظمات، مثل: مقياس مجلة فورتشن، ومقياس حاصل السمعة، ومقياس الريب تراك، ومقياس حلم. وأوصت الدراسة المنظمات المختلفة, بعد إدارة السمعة جزءا" لا يتجزأ من الإدارة الاستراتيجية للمنظمة، وإنشاء قسم أو إدارة تابعة للعلاقات العامة توكل إليها إدارة السمعة، ويكون من مهامها رصد سمعة المنظمة في وسائل الإعلام التقليدية والجديدة، وتقييمها لدى مجموعات المصالح عن طريق المسوح الميدانية، والرفع بتقارير الرصد مع مقترحات الحلول للإدارة العليا.
اتجاهات الشباب العراقي نحو العمل التطوعي
Authors: عبد الله نهلة نجاح , الجبوري ارادة زيدان
Published: September 2022

هدف البحث التعرف على اتجاهات الشباب العراقي نحو العمل التطوعي باستخدامالمنهج المسحي واداة المقياس للتعرف على مايحمله المتطوعين الشباب مناتجاهات نحو العمل التطوعي لما تشكله ظاهرة العمل التطوعي من اهمية كبيرة فيالمجتمع وتم تطبيق المقياس على ) 525 ( متطوع ومتطوعة من الشباب العراقي. وقدتوصل البحث الى مجموعة من النتائج ابرزها وجود اتجاهات ايجابية لدى الشبابنحو العمل التطوعي بمعنى ان المتطوعين من الشباب العراقي لديهم وعي بمفهومالعمل التطوعي بشكل صحيح اما بالنسبة لاهدافهم من القيام بالعمل التطوعي فهياهداف انسانية اجتماعية للنهوض بواقع المجتمع وكانت وسائل التواصل الاجتماعيمن المصادر الرئيسة التي استقى منها االمتطوعين من الشباب العراقي معرفتهم.عن العمل التطوعي
النصوص الموازية في المجلات الأدبية المتخصصة
Authors: عبد الغفار السامرائي نزار
Published: September 2022

أبرزت الدراسات النقدية ما بعد البنيوية أهمية دراسة النصوص المحيطة بالنص بوصفها جزءاً مهما في عملية التلقي وفهم النصوص، على الرغم من أن هذا الموضوع تناوله القدماء من العرب والاوربيين الا أن الاهتمام به ظهر بشكل واضح بعد ظهور كتاب جيرار جينيت"عتبات" والذي فصل به عتبات النص او ما اطلق عليها النصوص الموازية. ومع تطور الدراسات السيميائية بدأ الاهتمام بدراسات النصوص الموازية بشكل أوسع وفي مختلف النصوص الأدبية وغير الأدبية ومنها النصوص الصحفية. ولما كانت المجلات المتخصصة إحدى الإصدارات الصحفية التي تتمتع بخصوصيتها في جانب الموضوعات والمتلقين، وتميزها بوجود الغلاف الذي يحمل سمات دالة على هوية المجلة، عمل الباحث على دراسة مكونات غلاف المجلة بكونها نصوصا موازية لابد للقاريء/المتلقي من المرور بها قبل الولوج الى النصوص المنشورة على صفحات العدد. وتعد المجلات الأدبية من المجلات المتخصصة التي تصنع نصوصها الموازية بشكل يجعلها دالة على التخصص بما يجعل الغلاف يؤدي وظيفة اتصالية، تبلغ المتلقين بطبيعة الموضوعات التي تتضمنها المجلة.  وتناولت الدراسة مكونات غلاف مجلة الاديب العراقي الصادرة عن الاتحاد العام للادباء والكتاب في العراق، من الجانب السيميائي، لتحديد النصوص الموازية التي يتضمنها وهي اسم المجلة، والمعلومات المتعلقة بها، وجهة الإصدار، والصورة المرافقة، فضلا عن العنوانات المختارة للظهور على الغلاف.     وتوصل الباحث الى أن غلاف المجلة يحمل علامات دالة على تخصصها في إحدى المجالات، و تتضمن هذه العلامات نصوصا موازية (عتبات) يمر عبرها القاريء الى الموضوعات المنشورة في المجلة،  تنتمي الى ما يعرف بالنص المحيط النشري peritetfe editorial  أي النص المتعلق بجهة النشر وليس كتّاب النصوص المنشورة في المجلة
دوافع تعرض الجمهور للقنوات الفضائية الرياضية المتخصصة والإشباعات المتحققة منه
Authors: علي جمعه ليلى
Published: September 2022

تلخصت مشكلة البحث في التساؤل الرئيس الذي وضعته الباحثة وهو: ما مدى تعرض الجمهور للقنوات الفضائية الرياضية المتخصصة، وما الإشباعات المتحققة منها؟، وتلخصت أهداف البحث في الكشف عن عادات وانماط تعرض الجمهور للقنوات الفضائية الرياضية المتخصصة؟ ومعرفة أسباب تفضيل الجمهور القنوات الفضائية الرياضية المتخصصة؟ فضلا عن الكشف عن الدوافع والإشباعات المتحققة لدى الجمهور من التعرض للقنوات الفضائية الرياضية المتخصصة؟وانطلق البحث من فروض استنباطية (من فروض نظرية الإستخدامات والإشباعات)، وهي: (توجد علاقة ارتباطية دالة احصائياً بين معدل تعرض الجمهور للقنوات الفضائية الرياضية المتخصصة والدوافع المتعلقة من هذا التعرض)، (توجد علاقة ارتباطية دالة احصائياً بين دوافع تعرض الجمهور للقنوات الفضائية الرياضية المتخصصة والإشباعات المتحققة من هذا التعرض)، والفرض الثالث (توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية طبقاً للمتغيرات الديموغرافية فيما يتعلق بدوافع تعرض الجمهور للقنوات الفضائية الرياضية المتخصصة والإشباعات المتحققة من هذا التعرض). واستخدمت الباحثة المنهج المسحي توصيفه المنهج الملائم لهذا البحث مستخدمة استمارة الاستبيان أداة لجمع البيانات من مفردات عّينة البحث التي بلغت (200) مبحوثٍ من مدينة بغداد المركز الذي يضم أقضية الكرخ والرصاقة ومدينة الصدر الأولى والثانية، تم اختيارهم على وفق العينة العشوائية المتعددة المراحل (المساحية)، وتمت مزاوجتها بالعّينة غير الاحتمالية (الغرضية)، من فئات الجمهور التي تشاهد القنوات الفضائية الرياضية المتخصصة، وقد توصل البحث إلى نتائج عدة من أهمها: إنَّ غالبية المبحوثين يشاهدون القنوات الفضائية الرياضية المتخصصة، بصفة مستمره "دائماً" بعدد تكرارات بلغت (120%)، مبحوثاً وبنسبة (60%). و أظهرت النتائج أنَّ المبحوثين يفضلون مشاهدة القنوات الفضائية الرياضية المتخصصة في الفترة المسائية الثانية من (6 مساءً- 10 مساءً)، والبالغ عددهم (127)، مبحوثا وبنسبة (63.5%). وتوصل البحث الى وجود علاقة ارتباطية دالة احصائياً بين معدل تعرض الجمهور للقنوات الفضائية الرياضية المتخصصة والدوافع المتعلقة من هذا التعرض، و أنَّ درجة الحاجة أو الدافع من التعرض للقنوات الفضائية الرياضية المتخصصة بمستوى مرتفع. فضلا عن وجود علاقة ارتباطية دالة احصائياً بين دوافع تعرض الجمهور للقنوات الفضائية الرياضية المتخصصة والإشباعات المترتبة من هذا التعرّض، وتشير النتيجة إلى أن درجة الإشباع المتحققة من التعرض للقنوات الفضائية الرياضية المتخصصة كانت بمستوى عالٍ.
Monitoring the incidence and causes of disease potentially transmitted by food in Australia: Annual report of the OzFoodNet network, 2017
Authors:   The OzFoodNet Working Group
Published: September 2022

In 2017, 47,652 notifications of enteric diseases potentially related to food were received by state and territory health departments in Australia. Consistent with previous years, the majority of all notified infections were either campylobacteriosis (n = 28,432; 60%) or salmonellosis (n = 16,416; 34%). A total of 206 gastrointestinal outbreaks, including 179 foodborne outbreaks, were reported in 2017. The remaining 27 outbreaks were due to environmental or probable environmental transmission (22 outbreaks), animal-to person or probable animal-to-person transmission (three outbreaks), and waterborne or probable waterborne transmission (two outbreaks). Foodborne outbreaks affected 2,130 people resulting in at least 290 hospital admissions and five deaths. Eggs continue to be a source of Salmonella Typhimurium infection across the country, with 49 egg-related outbreaks affecting at least 746 people reported across six jurisdictions in 2017.
Synergistic effects of salinity and temperature on the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica throughout the lifespan
Authors: McFarland K , Vignier J , Standen E , Volety AK
Published: September 2022

The eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica has a wide salinity tolerance, but all life stages are vulnerable to environmental extremes, and elevated temperatures can truncate the expected salinity tolerance. The rising water temperatures and more intense and variable storm events predicted to accompany global climate change therefore raise concerns for habitat suitability for ecologically important species such as the eastern oyster. To better understand environmental limitations, oysters of all life stages were exposed to a range of salinities (0-40) and temperatures (25 and 30°C) to test physiological tolerance to the combined effects of osmotic and thermal stresses. Elevated temperatures (30°C) amplified negative effects during exposure to salinity extremes at all life stages; however, tolerance to extremes increased with developmental stage (gametes < embryos < larvae < spat < adult). Gradual changes allow for a wider tolerance in juvenile oysters (spat) compared to acute changes, and short-term reprieves during low salinity exposure improved survival rates for adults. Overall, the present study found a threshold salinity of 15 for polyhaline oyster populations and highlights the importance of both rate of change and temperature as critical components of salinity tolerance. Additionally, salinities <10 during the summer months could result in negative population effects, especially if extreme low salinity occurs during peak reproduction when pelagic gametes, embryos, and larvae are most vulnerable to environmental stresses. This work will benefit population models and inform resource management decisions regarding the timing of controlled freshwater releases.
Improving peptide-protein docking with AlphaFold-Multimer using forced sampling
Authors: Johansson-Åkhe Isak , Wallner Björn
Published: September 2022

Protein interactions are key in vital biological processes. In many cases, particularly in regulation, this interaction is between a protein and a shorter peptide fragment. Such peptides are often part of larger disordered regions in other proteins. The flexible nature of peptides enables the rapid yet specific regulation of important functions in cells, such as their life cycle. Consequently, knowledge of the molecular details of peptide-protein interactions is crucial for understanding and altering their function, and many specialized computational methods have been developed to study them. The recent release of AlphaFold and AlphaFold-Multimer has led to a leap in accuracy for the computational modeling of proteins. In this study, the ability of AlphaFold to predict which peptides and proteins interact, as well as its accuracy in modeling the resulting interaction complexes, are benchmarked against established methods. We find that AlphaFold-Multimer predicts the structure of peptide-protein complexes with acceptable or better quality (DockQ ≥0.23) for 66 of the 112 complexes investigated—25 of which were high quality (DockQ ≥0.8). This is a massive improvement on previous methods with 23 or 47 acceptable models and only four or eight high quality models, when using energy-based docking or interaction templates, respectively. In addition, AlphaFold-Multimer can be used to predict whether a peptide and a protein will interact. At 1% false positives, AlphaFold-Multimer found 26% of the possible interactions with a precision of 85%, the best among the methods benchmarked. However, the most interesting result is the possibility of improving AlphaFold by randomly perturbing the neural network weights to force the network to sample more of the conformational space. This increases the number of acceptable models from 66 to 75 and improves the median DockQ from 0.47 to 0.55 (17%) for first ranked models. The best possible DockQ improves from 0.58 to 0.72 (24%), indicating that selecting the best possible model is still a challenge. This scheme of generating more structures with AlphaFold should be generally useful for many applications involving multiple states, flexible regions, and disorder.
Delivering the CRISPR/Cas9 system for engineering gene therapies: Recent cargo and delivery approaches for clinical translation
Authors: Foley Ruth A. , Sims Ruby A. , Duggan Emily C. , Olmedo Jessica K. , Ma Rachel , Jonas Steven J.
Published: September 2022

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) has transformed our ability to edit the human genome selectively. This technology has quickly become the most standardized and reproducible gene editing tool available. Catalyzing rapid advances in biomedical research and genetic engineering, the CRISPR/Cas9 system offers great potential to provide diagnostic and therapeutic options for the prevention and treatment of currently incurable single-gene and more complex human diseases. However, significant barriers to the clinical application of CRISPR/Cas9 remain. Whilein vitro, ex vivo,andin vivogene editing has been demonstrated extensively in a laboratory setting, the translation to clinical studies is currently limited by shortfalls in the precision, scalability, and efficiency of delivering CRISPR/Cas9-associated reagents to their intended therapeutic targets. To overcome these challenges, recent advancements manipulate both the delivery cargo and vehicles used to transport CRISPR/Cas9 reagents. With the choice of cargo informing the delivery vehicle, both must be optimized for precision and efficiency. This review aims to summarize current bioengineering approaches to applying CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing tools towards the development of emerging cellular therapeutics, focusing on its two main engineerable components: the delivery vehicle and the gene editing cargo it carries. The contemporary barriers to biomedical applications are discussed within the context of key considerations to be made in the optimization of CRISPR/Cas9 for widespread clinical translation.
Sharing the wealth: The versatility of proteins targeted to peroxisomes and other organelles
Authors: Bittner Elena , Stehlik Thorsten , Freitag Johannes
Published: September 2022

Peroxisomes are eukaryotic organelles with critical functions in cellular energy and lipid metabolism. Depending on the organism, cell type, and developmental stage, they are involved in numerous other metabolic and regulatory pathways. Many peroxisomal functions require factors also relevant to other cellular compartments. Here, we review proteins shared by peroxisomes and at least one different site within the cell. We discuss the mechanisms to achieve dual targeting, their regulation, and functional consequences. Characterization of dual targeting is fundamental to understand how peroxisomes are integrated into the metabolic and regulatory circuits of eukaryotic cells.
CH4 activation by PtX+ (X = F, Cl, Br, I)
Authors: Zhao Jin , Qi Lingxi , Li Wenzuo , Cheng Jianbo , Li Qingzhong , Liu Shaoli
Published: September 2022

Reactions of PtX+ (X = F, Cl, Br, I) with methane have been investigated at the density functional theory (DFT) level. These reactions take place more easily along the low-spin potential energy surface. For HX (X = F, Cl, Br, I) elimination, the formal oxidation state of the metal ion appears to be conserved, and the importance of this reaction channel decreases in going as the sequence: X = F, Cl, Br, I. A reversed trend is observed in the loss of H2 for X = F, Cl, Br, while it is not favorable for PtI+ in the loss of either HI or H2. For HX eliminations, the transfer form of H is from proton to atom, last to hydride, and the mechanisms are from PCET to HAT, last to HT for the sequence of X = F, Cl, Br, I. One reason is mainly due to the electronegativity of halogens. Otherwise, the mechanisms of HX eliminations also can be explained by the analysis of Frontier Molecular Orbitals. While for the loss of H2, the transfer of H is in the form of hydride for all the X ligands. Noncovalent interactions analysis also can be explained the reaction mechanisms.
Non-capsular based immunization approaches to prevent Streptococcus pneumoniae infection
Authors: Silva Pedro H. , Vázquez Yaneisi , Campusano Camilo , Retamal-Díaz Angello , Lay Margarita K. , Muñoz Christian A. , González Pablo A. , Kalergis Alexis M. , Bueno Susan M.
Published: September 2022

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a Gram-positive bacterium and the leading cause of bacterial pneumonia in children and the elderly worldwide. Currently, two types of licensed vaccines are available to prevent the disease caused by this pathogen: the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide-based vaccine and the 7-, 10, 13, 15 and 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. However, these vaccines, composed of the principal capsular polysaccharide of leading serotypes of this bacterium, have some problems, such as high production costs and serotype-dependent effectiveness. These drawbacks have stimulated research initiatives into non-capsular-based vaccines in search of a universal vaccine against S. pneumoniae. In the last decades, several research groups have been developing various new vaccines against this bacterium based on recombinant proteins, live attenuated bacterium, inactivated whole-cell vaccines, and other newer platforms. Here, we review and discuss the status of non-capsular vaccines against S. pneumoniae and the future of these alternatives in a post-pandemic scenario.