bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tafsir Hakim Judex Facti dan Judex Juris Terkait Batas Maksimal Upaya Administratif
Authors: Said Muhtar , Erfandi Erfandi
Published: July 2023

Untuk mengajukan upaya administratif berupa keberatan diberikan waktu maksimal  21 hari kerja. Meskipun demikian ada perbedaan penerapan terhadap upaya administratif tersebut antara hakim judex facti dengan hakim judex juris.  Hakim judex facti melalui putusan nomor 21/G/2020/PTUN dan 76/B/2021/PT.TUN JKT menerapkan upaya administratif adalah hal yang wajib diterapkan, putusan ini dikuatkan oleh hakim di Pengadilan Tingkat Tinggi Tata Usaha Negara. Namun putusan tersebut dibatalkan oleh hakim judex juris (tingkat Mahkamah Agung) melalui putusan nomor 420 K/TUN/2021. Dasar judex juris melakukan pembatalan terhadap putusan judex facti didasarkan pada frasa “dapat” yang tercantum pada Pasal 75 ayat (1) UU Nomor 30 tahun 2014 tentang Administrasi Pemerintahan. Sehingga upaya administratif melalui keberatan maupun banding administratif merupakan suatu pilihan bukan wajib. Upaya administratif merupakan usaha untuk mewujudkan prinsip Pancasila ke dalam penyelesaian permasalahan administrasi, yakni dalam penyelesaian permasalahan administrasi supaya terlebih dahulu diselesaikan melalui musyawarah mufakat. Apabila musyawarah mufakat tidak bisa menemukan titik perdamaian maka bisa diselesaikan melalui Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara.
Gambaran Penggunaan Kosmetik Krim Wajah Dengan Kejadian Iritasi Kulit Pada Mahasiswi Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Muslim Indonesia Angkatan 2019
Authors: Lestari Indah Ayu , Septiyanti  , Sumiaty
Published: July 2023

Iritasi pada kulit adalah reaksi yang dapat menimbulkan kerusakan kulit, disebabkan oleh bahan-bahan kimia yang digunakan dalam pembuatan sediaan kosmetik. Udayana Dhermato Venerology yang memperlihatkan bahwa 27,2% dari 59 orang pengguna kosmetik mengalami dermatitis iritan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran penggunaan kosmetik krim wajah dengan kejadian iritasi kulit pada mahasiswi FKM UMI Angkatan 2019. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswi FKM UMI angkatan 2019 sebanyak 239 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan menggunakan metode Purposive Sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 148 responden. distribusi gambaran penggunaan kosmetik krim wajah dengan kejadian iritasi kulit pada mahasiswi FKM UMI angkatan 2019 yang mengalami iritasi kulit sebanyak 62 (41,8%) responden. Metode analisis data menggunakan Univariat dengan uji Crosstabs pada tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa distribusi gambaran frekuensi penggunaan kosmetik krim wajah dengan kejadian iritasi kulit pada mahasiswi FKM UMI angkatan 2019 menunjukkan frekuensi penggunaan kosmetik krim wajah 1 kali sehari yang mengalami iritasi kulit sebanyak 11 (26,8%) responden dan frekuensi ≥2 kali sehari yang mengalami iritasi kulit sebanyak 51 (47,7%) responden. Distribusi gambaran durasi penggunaan kosmetik krim wajah dengan kejadian iritasi kulit pada mahasiswi FKM UMI angkatan 2019 menunjukkan durasi < 6 Bulan yang mengalami iritasi kulit sebanyak 46 (48,9%) responden dan durasi ≥ 6 Bulan yang mengalami iritasi kulit sebanyak 16 (29,6%) responden. Diharapkan bagi peneliti selanjutnya untuk mengembangkan penelitian ini secara luas, dapat menggunakan variabel yang berbeda sehingga hasilnya lebih signifikan.
Safety and efficacy of tenalisib in combination with romidepsin in patients with relapsed/refractory T-cell lymphoma: results from a phase I/II open-label multicenter study
Authors: Iyer Swaminathan P. , Huen Auris , Ai Weiyun Z. , Jagadeesh Deepa , Lechowicz Mary J. , Okada Craig , Feldman Tatyana A. , Ghione Paola , Alderuccio Juan P. , Champion Rebecca , Kim Seo-Hyun , Mohrbacher Ann , Routhu Kasi V. , Barde Prajak , Nair Ajit M. , Haverkos Bradley M.
Published: July 2023

Tenalisib, a selective phosphoinositide-3-kinase δ/γ, and salt-inducible-kinase-3 inhibitor has shown efficacy and was well-tolerated in patients with T-cell lymphoma (TCL). In vitro studies suggest a synergistic anti-tumor potential for the combination of tenalisib with the histone-deacetylase inhibitor, romidepsin. This multicenter, open-label, phase I/II study was designed to characterize the safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics of oral tenalisib twicedaily (BID) and intravenous (IV) romidepsin administered on Days 1, 8 and 15 in 28-day cycles in adults with relapsed/refractory TCL. Phase I/dose-escalation determined the MTD/optimal doses of tenalisib and romidepsin. The phase II/dose-expansion assessed the safety and anti-tumor activity of the combination at MTD/optimal dose. Overall, 33 patients were enrolled. In dose-escalation, no dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was identified. Hence, the recommended doses for dose-expansion were tenalisib 800 mg BID orally, and romidepsin 14 mg/m2 IV. Overall treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAE) of any grade reported in >15% of patients were nausea, thrombocytopenia, increased aspartate aminotransferase, increased alanine aminotransferase, decreased appetite, neutropenia, vomiting, fatigue, anemia, dysgeusia, weight loss, diarrhea, and hypokalemia. Twenty-three patients (69.7%) had related ≥Grade 3 TEAE. The overall objective response rate in evaluable patients was 63.0% (PTCL: 75% and CTCL: 53.3%), with a complete response and partial response of 25.9% and 37.0% respectively. The median duration of response was 5.03 months. Coadministration of tenalisib and romidepsin did not significantly alter the pharmacokinetics of romidepsin. Overall, tenalisib and romidepsin combination demonstrated a favorable safety and efficacy profile supporting its further development for relapsed/refractory TCL.
Pro-inflammatory cells sustain leukemic clonal expansion in T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia
Authors: Vicenzetto Cristina , Gasparini Vanessa Rebecca , Barila Gregorio , Teramo Antonella , Calabretto Giulia , Rampazzo Elisa , Carraro Samuela , Trimarco Valentina , Trentin Livio , Facco Monica , Semenzato Gianpietro , Zambello Renato
Published: July 2023

T-cell Large Granular Lymphocyte Leukemia (T-LGLL) is a chronic lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by the clonal expansion of T-LGL. Immunophenotypic and genotypic features contribute to discriminate symptomatic (CD8+ STAT3 mutated T-LGLL) from clinically indolent patients, this latter group including CD8+ wild type (wt), CD4+ STAT5B mutated and wt cases. T-LGL lymphoproliferation is sustained both by somatic gain-offunction mutations (i.e. STAT3 and STAT5B) and by pro-inflammatory cytokines, but little information is available on the activity of T-LGLL non leukemic cells. In this study, we characterized pro-inflammatory cells in peripheral blood of T-LGLL patients and analyzed their role in supporting the leukemic growth. In symptomatic patients we found that cell populations not belonging to the leukemic component showed a discrete pro-inflammatory pattern. In particular, CD8+ STAT3 mutated cases showed skewed Th17/Treg ratio and an abnormal monocyte populations’ distribution characterized by increased intermediate and non-classical monocytes. We also demonstrated that monocytes released high levels of IL-6 after CCL5 stimulation, a chemokine specifically expressed only by leukemic LGL. Conversely, in asymptomatic cases an altered distribution of monocytes populations was not detected. Moreover, T-LGLL patients’ monocytes showed abnormal activation of signaling pathways, further supporting the different pathogenetic role of monocytes in patients with discrete clinical settings.
Altogether, our data contribute to deepen the knowledge on the different cell subtypes in TLGLL, particularly focusing on non-leukemic cell populations and thus offering the rationale for new therapeutic strategies.
Minimal invasive strategies and quality improvement in colorectal cancer care
Authors:   , Huisman Jelle Frank
Published: July 2023

The implementation of the national bowel screening program in 2014, resulted into a shift towards detection of early stage colorectal cancer (CRC). This has led to new insights in CRC care and development of new minimally invasive treatment modalities. In this thesis, we evaluated the quality of care during several aspects of the CRC care pathway.

In the first part, we demonstrated that CT colonography as alternative to colonoscopy in faecal immunochemical test (FIT) positive individuals has a low diagnostic yield for the detection of advanced adenomas and leads to detection of (non-relevant) extra-colonic incidental findings.

In the second part, we showed that radiological imaging with CT for detection of synchronous or metachronous distant metastases is unnecessary for low-risk T1 CRC. The low chance of distant metastasis does not outweigh the chance of (non-relevant) incidental findings and costs. Furthermore, we showed limited value of additional CT Colonography staging in case of stenosing CRC.

In the third part, we described several minimal invasive treatment modalities. We showed that endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) of large polyps can be performed safely in elderly, ‘colonoscopic assisted laparoscopic wedge resection’ (CAL-WR) is an effective and safe treatment for complex benign colon polyps and that structural response evaluation after neoadjuvant chemoradiation for locally advanced rectal cancer with the option of a watch-and-wait policy has led to a 50% decline of unnecessary surgeries (ypT0N0). Furthermore, we described the results of decompressing colostomy for acute left-sided colorectal obstruction as bridge to definitive surgical resection and the effectiveness of endosponge therapy for anastomotic leakage after rectal surgery.
Waterpipe Smoke Inhalation Induces Lung Injury and Aortic Endothelial Dysfunction in Mice
Authors: Nemmar A , Beegam S , Zaaba N , Elzaki O , Pathan A , Ali B
Published: July 2023

Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WPS) inhalation has been shown to trigger endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects are still unknown. Here, we assessed the impact and underlying mechanism of WPS exposure for one month on endothelial dysfunction using aortic tissue of mice. The duration of the session was 30 min/day and 5 days/week. Control mice were exposed to air. Inhalation of WPS induced an increase in the number of macrophages and neutrophils and the concentrations of protein, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and glutathione in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Moreover, the concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF α, IL-6 and IL-1β), adhesion molecules (intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, E-selectin and P-selectin) and markers of oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation, glutathione, superoxide dismutase and nitric oxide) in aortic homogenates of mice exposed to WPS were significantly augmented compared with air exposed mice. Likewise, the concentration of galectin-3 was significantly increased in the aortic homogenates of mice exposed to WPS compared with control group. WPS inhalation induced vascular DNA damage assessed by comet assay and apoptosis characterized by a significant increase in cleaved caspase-3. While the aortic expression of phosphorylated nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) was significantly increased following WPS inhalation, the concentration of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) was significantly decreased in WPS group compared with air-exposed group. In conclusion, our study provided evidence that WPS inhalation triggers lung injury and endothelial inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis which were associated with nuclear factor-κB activation and SIRT1 down-regulation.
Isolated Sacral Tuberculosis: A Case Report and Review of Literature of this Rare Sacral Pathology
Authors: Arora Harshit , Sharma Vasudha , Singh Waryaam , Arora Lavanya , Singh Nanda Sumer , Pasricha Rajesh
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) of the spine is one of the rare secondary manifestations of the disease, while isolated TB of the sacrum is an even rarer finding of the disease.

Case: The authors present the case of a male patient in their late 20s who was suffering from lower back pain radiating to the leg, on and off fever for 5 months, and stiffness of the lower back. X-ray and MRI showed a sacral mass-like lesion, which led to the suspicion of spinal TB. This diagnosis was later confirmed through adequate microbiological testing.

Methods and Materials: A review of literature by a thorough search of the PubMed and Google Scholar databases was carried out, and a total of 42 patients with isolated TB of the sacrum were studied.

Results and Conclusions: Sacrum in isolation is a rare location for spinal TB, often overlooked by primary physicians. A prompt diagnosis and early treatment of the disease will mitigate the risk of developing complications.
European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) Congress 2023: Take-Home Messages from an Excellent Congress
Authors: Christodoulou Christakis
Published: July 2023

This excellent congress took place between 31st May–3rd June 2023 in the beautiful city of Milan, Italy, featuring the stunning church of Duomo di Milano in the centre of the city. The congress covered all topics of Rheumatology. During the opening plenary session, Annamaria Iagnocco, European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) President, presented EULAR’s new strategy and its key priorities.
Resource papers as registered reports: a proposal
Authors: Van Miltenburg Emiel
Published: July 2023

This is a proposal for publishing resource papers as registered reports in the Northern European Journal of Language Technology. The idea is that authors write a data collection plan with a full data statement, to the extent that it can be written before data collection starts. Once the proposal is approved, publication of the final resource paper is guaranteed, as long as the data collection plan is followed (modulo reasonable changes due to unforeseen circumstances). This proposal changes the reviewing process from an antagonistic to a collaborative enterprise, and hopefully encourages NLP resources to develop and publish more high-quality datasets. The key advantage of this proposal is that it helps to promote responsible resource development (through constructive peer review) and to avoid research waste.
Pemberian Terapi Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique (SEFT) bagi Pasien Terkonfirmasi Covid-19
Authors: Rantesigi Nirva , Agusrianto Agusrianto , Supriadi Supriadi , Sufyaningsih Ulfa
Published: July 2023

The covid-19 pandemic can have an impact on both physical and psychological problems for every individual, especially those who have to experience isolation/ quarantine. The forms of distress that arise due to COVID-19 inclide: sleep problems, fear of viruses, difficulty focusing, anxiety, and depression. Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique (SEFT) is one technique that has been proven effective in dealing with anxiety and increasing motivation. The purpose of this activity is to increase knowledge, reduce anxiety, and reduce stress for confirmed Covid-19 patients. This community service was carried out in the Gebang Rejo Village by using video as a medium.This education related of the impact or danger of anxiety was attended by 24 participants, consisting of 20 women and 4 men. The community was very enthustiastic in listening to the educational materials. After providing education, then continued with the provision of SEFT therapy. From the results of the evaluation of the level of anxiety after community service, it was found that there was a decrease in the number of severe anxiety from 20,8% to 2,4%, moderate anxiety from 37,5%  to 20,8% and an increase in mild anxiety from 41,6% to 75%. The conclusion is that giving SEFT therapy can reduce anxiety levels inconvirmed covid-19 patients.
Sosialisasi Pengelolaan Limbah Medis Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun Padat di Fasyankes
Authors: Mappau Zrimurti , Chairani Miftah , Akbar Fajar
Published: July 2023

Medical waste that is not managed properly will cause the potential for medical was to pollute the environment and transmit disease and can cause work accidents. The purpose of this activity is to socialize medical waste management of hazardous and toxic materials (B3) to health workers in health care facilities. The service method is carried out by conducting counseling on the management of B3 medical waste to 86 health workers, conducting inspections of B3 medical waste containers and placing posters on the dangers of B3 medical waste at each health facility. The activity was carried out in May-October 2022 at the West Sulawesi Province, Binanga Health Center and Rangas Health Center in Mamuju Regency. . The results of the pre and post tests on 86 people filled in so that results were obtained with an average increase in knowledge of 42% with the results of 82 participants increasing knowledge, 3 participants with the same test results and 1 person experiencing a decrease in test results. The results of the activity show that it is important to socialize B3 medical waste management to health workers to prevent potential health hazards. Suggestions for health facilities to pay attention to medical waste containers should be labeled as infectious waste so that they can be easily indentified and medical B3 waste storage areas should be built according to standards set by the government.
Peningkatan Pengetahuan Ibu Mengenai Manajemen Laktasi dan KB Melalui Kelas Prenatal di Puskesmas Kenten Palembang
Authors: Emilda Sri , Saswita Reni
Published: July 2023

Prenatal class is a group learning facility about health for pregnant women in a face-to-face format that aims to increase the knowledge and skills of pregnant women regarding pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum, newborn care and includes lactation management and post-delivery family planning. This community service aims to increase pregnant women's knowledge about lactation management and postpartum family planning. Participants in this activity were pregnant women at the Palembang Kenten Health Center. The target is 20 pregnant women. The method is carried out in three stages including preparation, education and evaluation. After the prenatal class, there was a significant increase in knowledge from 12.5% who had good knowledge to 100% with an average difference in pretest and posttest scores of 17.19. It is expected that midwives conduct routine prenatal classes in order to increase coverage of exclusive breastfeeding and family planning.
Deconstructing motor and non-motor aspects of dystonia with neuroimaging
Authors: Mahajan Abhimanyu
Published: July 2023

Dystonia, the third most common movement disorder, is clinically characterized by involuntary muscle contractions leading to abnormal, patterned movements and postures that are often activated or worsened by initiation of movement. In addition to motor features, the presence and contribution of non-motor features including sensory and psychiatric features is increasingly recognized. However, the underlying pathophysiology behind dystonia and its fascinating motor and non-motor presentations remains inadequately understood. Advances in neuroimaging may hold the key. This review outlines brain imaging studies, with an intentional focus on our work, conducted using different structural and functional neuroimaging modalities, focused on dystonia and its motor and non-motor clinical presentations. It highlights the different parts of the human brain that may be implicated with these aspects of this network disorder. Finally, current limitations and promising future directions to deconstruct this knot and take a leap forward are mentioned.
Treating subclinical hypothyroidism in individuals with or without mental health problems –A Delphi based expert consensus study in two countries
Authors: Lieber Ingrid , Van Der Feltz-Cornelis Christina Maria , Razvi Salman , Moriarty Andrew S. , Wilkes Scott , Ott Michael , Mannchen Julie , Eliasson Mats , Werneke Ursula
Published: July 2023

Background

Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is a common endocrine problem with prevalence estimates between 4% and 20%. Symptoms are often non-specific but can substantially affect well-being leading to repeated medical consultations. The effect of thyroid hormone replacement therapy (THRT) in patients with SCH remains uncertain. Current guidelines, limited by the lack of high-quality evidence, have been controversial with limited adherence in clinical practice.

Methods

Three-round modified Delphi method to establish consensus regarding diagnosis and treatment of individuals with SCH with and without affective disorder or anxiety, conducted with clinicians from three specialties, general practice, endocrinology and psychiatry, and two countries, Sweden and the United Kingdom.

Results

Sixty clinicians, 20 per specialty, were recruited. Fifty-three (88%) participants completed all three rounds. The participants reached consensus on five of the 26 practice statements that (a) repeated testing was required for the diagnosis of subclinical hypothyroidism, (b) antibody screening should usually occur, and (c and d) antibody screening would strengthen the indication for thyroid hormone replacement therapy in both individuals with or without affective disorder or anxiety. The participants disagreed with (e) a requirement of a TSH threshold ≥ 20 mIU/L for thyroid hormone replacement therapy start. Psychiatrists and GPs but not endocrinologists, agreed that there was a frequent discrepancy between laboratory results and clinical symptoms, and disagreed that testing for thyroid dysfunction was overused in patients presenting with depression or anxiety, or fatigue.

Conclusions

In many aspects, attitudes toward diagnosing and treating SCH remain diverse. The inability of our Delphi panel to achieve consensus on most items and the disagreement with a TSH ≥ 20 mIU/L threshold for treatment suggest that the concept of SCH may need rethinking with a better understanding of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid physiology. Given that the scientific evidence is currently not conclusive, guidelines in this area should not be taken as definitive.
Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals tumor immune microenvironment in human hypopharygeal squamous cell carcinoma and lymphatic metastasis
Authors: Li Ce , Guan Rui , Li Wenming , Wei Dongmin , Cao Shengda , Xu Chenyang , Chang Fen , Wang Pin , Chen Long , Lei Dapeng
Published: July 2023

Background

Human hypopharygeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC) is a common head and neck cancer with a poor prognosis in advanced stages. The occurrence and development of tumor is the result of mutual influence and co-evolution between tumor cells and tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) refers to the immune microenvironment surrounding tumor cells. Studying TIME in HSCC could provide new targets and therapeutic strategies for HSCC.

Methods

We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and analysis of hypopharyngeal carcinoma, paracancerous, and lymphoid tissues from five HSCC patients. Subdivide of B cells, T cells, macrophages cells, and monocytes and their distribution in three kinds of tissues as well as marker genes were analyzed. Different genes of IGHG1 plasma cells and SPP1+ macrophages between HSCC tissues, adjacent normal tissues and lymphatic tissues were analyzed. Additionally, we studied proliferating lymphocytes, T cells exhaustion, and T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire in three kinds of tissues.

Results

Transcriptome profiles of 132,869 single cells were obtained and grouped into seven cell clusters, including epithelial cells, lymphocytes, mononuclear phagocytics system (MPs), fibroblasts, endothelial cells (ECs), plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), and mast cells. Tumor metastasis occurred in three lymphoid tissues. Four distinct populations were identified from lymphocytes, including B cells, plasma cells, T cells and proliferating lymphocytes. We found IGHA1 and IGHG1 specific plasma cells significantly overexpressed in HSCC tissues compared with normal hypopharygeal tissues and lymphatic tissues. Five distinct populations from MPs were identified, including macrophages, monocytes, mature dendritic cells (DCs), Type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1) and Type 2 conventional dendritic cells (cDC2). SPP1+ macrophages were significantly overexpressed in HSCC tissues and lymphatic tissues compared with normal hypopharygeal tissues, which are thought to be M2-type macrophages. Exhaustion of CD8+ Teff cells occurred in HSCC tissues. At last, we verified that IgA and IgG1 protein expression levels were significantly up-regulated in HSCC tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues.

Conclusion

Overall, this study revealed TIME in HSCC and lymphatic metastasis, and provided potential therapeutic targets for HSCC.
Assessing the causal relationship between genetically determined inflammatory biomarkers and low back pain risk: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Li Wenhan , Lu Qunwen , Qian Junhui , Feng Yue , Luo Jian , Luo Caigui , He Wenshan , Dong Bing , Liu Huahui , Liu Zhongxing , Su Chengguo
Published: July 2023

Background

Observational studies have suggested an association between inflammatory markers and low back pain (LBP), but the causal relationship between these factors remains uncertain.

Methods

We conducted a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis (MR) study to investigate whether there is a causal relationship between inflammatory markers and low back pain. We obtained genetic data for CRP, along with its upstream inflammatory markers IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10, as well as low back pain from publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS). We applied several MR methods, including inverse variance weighting, weighted median, MR-Egger, Wald Ratio, and MR-PRESSO, to test for causal relationships. Sensitivity analyses were also conducted to assess the robustness of the results.

Results

Our analyses utilizing the Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) method, the MR-Egger method, and the weighted median method indicated that IL-6 may be associated with an increased risk of LBP (Effect Size: -0.009, 95% Confidence Interval: -0.013–0.006, p = 9.16e-08); however, in the reverse direction, there was no significant causal effect of LBP on inflammatory markers.

Conclusion

Our study used a Mendelian randomization approach and found that elevated IL-6 levels may reduce the risk of LBP.
Immunodiagnosis — the promise of personalized immunotherapy
Authors: Wang Renjie , Xiong Kairong , Wang Zhimin , Wu Di , Hu Bai , Ruan Jinghan , Sun Chaoyang , Ma Ding , Li Li , Liao Shujie
Published: July 2023

Immunotherapy showed remarkable efficacy in several cancer types. However, the majority of patients do not benefit from immunotherapy. Evaluating tumor heterogeneity and immune status before treatment is key to identifying patients that are more likely to respond to immunotherapy. Demographic characteristics (such as sex, age, and race), immune status, and specific biomarkers all contribute to response to immunotherapy. A comprehensive immunodiagnostic model integrating all these three dimensions by artificial intelligence would provide valuable information for predicting treatment response. Here, we coined the term “immunodiagnosis” to describe the blueprint of the immunodiagnostic model. We illustrated the features that should be included in immunodiagnostic model and the strategy of constructing the immunodiagnostic model. Lastly, we discussed the incorporation of this immunodiagnosis model in clinical practice in hopes of improving the prognosis of tumor immunotherapy.
When the population of an endangered marine mollusc (Patella ferruginea) increases almost three-fold in ten years. Reality or fiction?
Authors: Ostalé-Valriberas E. , Sabino-Lorenzo Á. , Ali-Ahmed A. , Pavón-Paneque A. , Sempere-Valverde J. , Espinosa F. , García-Gómez J. C.
Published: July 2023

The critically endangered species Patella ferruginea (Gastropoda, Patellidae), endemic to the western Mediterranean, has breeding populations in both natural and artificial habitats, the latter of which are generally linked to port infrastructures. Over the past decade, the temporal change of this species’ population has been monitored (structure and density) using exhaustive censuses along Ceuta’s coast (Strait of Gibraltar), one of the few stronghold populations within the entire Mediterranean basin. This study focuses on the population dynamics of P. ferruginea in Ceuta and the environmental factors that affect the structure of this population, such as wave exposure, coastline heterogeneity, substratum roughness, substratum lithology, and chlorophyll-a concentration. Different potential negative interactions were also considered: angling, shell fishing, bathing in the intertidal, bathing near the intertidal, recreational boating and temporary migrant campsites nearby. The results have shown in the period 2011-2021, the estimated size of P. ferruginea population has increased by 200 %, from 55,902 to 168,463 individuals (of which 131,776 are adults). The subpopulation with the greatest increase in these years was the one settled on dolomitic rip-raps inside the Ceuta’s harbor, with an increase of 1,288%. The results of the present study indicate that Ceuta hosts the main population of this endangered species through its distributional range (Western Mediterranean), being a source population on the Southern Iberian Peninsula that its preservation must be prioritized. Statistical modelling has shown that the adult density of P. ferruginea is positively influenced by coastal heterogeneity, habitat area and substratum roughness, but negatively by vertical inclination, concentration of chlorophyll-a, and anthropogenic impact. These results also support the concept of ¨Artificial Marine Micro-Reserves¨ as a new area-based conservation measure according with the IUCN guidelines, as these will contribute to setting up a network of these source populations that promote genetic flow among populations, with eventual recolonization throughout its original distribution.
Screening, molecular identification, population diversity, and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Actinomycetes species isolated from meat and meat products of slaughterhouses, restaurants, and meat stores of a developing country, Iran
Authors: Motallebirad Tahereh , Mardanshah Omid , Safarabadi Mehdi , Ghaffari Kazem , Orouji Mohammad Ali , Abedi Behnam , Azadi Davood
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Actinomycetes can colonize surfaces of tools and equipment and can be transferred to meat and meat products during manufacture, processing, handling, and storage. Moreover, washing the meat does not eliminate the microorganisms; it only spreads them. As a result, these opportunistic pathogens can enter the human body and cause various infections. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to screen, identify, and determine the antibiotic susceptibility of Actinomycetes species from meat and meat products in the Markazi province of Iran.

Methods

A total of 60 meat and meat product samples, including minced meat, mutton, beef, chicken, hamburgers, and sausages, were collected from slaughterhouses, butchers, and restaurants in the Markazi province of Iran. The samples were analyzed using standard microbiological protocols for the isolation and characterization of Actinomycetes. PCR amplification of hsp65 and 16SrRNA genes and sequence analysis of 16SrRNA were used for genus and species identification. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of antimicrobial agents were determined by the broth microdilution method and interpreted according to the CLSI guidelines.

Results

A total of 21 (35%) Actinomycetes isolates from 5 genera and 12 species were isolated from 60 samples. The most prevalent Actinomycetes were from the genus Mycobacterium, with six (28.6%) isolates (M. avium complex, M. terrae, M. smegmatis, and M. novocastrense), followed by the genus Rhodococcus with five (23.8%) isolates (R. equi and R. erythropolis), the genus Actinomyces with four (19.1%) isolates (A. ruminicola and A. viscosus), the genus Nocardia with four (19.1%) isolates (N. asiatica, N. seriolae, and N. niigatensis), and the genus Streptomyces with two (9.5%) isolates (S. albus). Chicken and sausage samples had the highest and lowest levels of contamination, with six and one isolates. Respectively, the results of drug susceptibility testing (DST) showed that all isolates were susceptible to Ofloxacin, Amikacin, Ciprofloxacin, and Levofloxacin, whereas all of them were resistant to Doxycycline and Rifampicin.

Discussion

The findings suggest that meat and meat products play an important role as a reservoir for the transmission of Actinomycetes to humans, thus causing life-threatening foodborne diseases such as gastrointestinal and cutaneous disorders. Therefore, it is essential to incorporate basic hygiene measures into the cycle of meat production to ensure food safety.
Mechanisms by which chloropicrin fumigation promotes soil potassium conversion and absorption
Authors: Sun Yang , Zeng Rong , Fang Wensheng , Hua Jvling , Huang Shuijin , Wang Qiuxia , Cao Aocheng , Zhu Feng , Zhang Haiyan
Published: July 2023

Fumigation of soil using chloropicrin has been proven to significantly affect soil nutrient cycling, but the mechanism by which soil potassium conversion and plant uptake is promoted remains unclear. In this study, we conducted a fumigation experiment to investigate the effects of chloropicrin soil fumigation on the conversion of soil potassium post-fumigation (days 7–70), and its mechanisms, tomatos were planted in fumigated and non-fumigated soils to enable further comparisons. Results showed that the content of rapidly available potassium and available potassium decreased by 16–24% and 17–23% at day 28 respectively, when tomato was planted in chloropicrin-fumigated soils compared to the non-fumigated soils. The potassium content of tomato planted in fumigated soil was significantly higher than that planted in non-fumigated soil (30.3 vs. 21.9 mg g−1 dry weight). Chloropicrin fumigation resulted in a significant change in the soil bacterial and fungal community structures, and trigged a long-term (at least 70-day) decrease in microbial diversity. Network analysis showed that chloropicrin soil fumigation changed microbial co-occurrence patterns by decreasing bacterial total links, nodes, and average degree, and increasing fungal total links, nodes, and average degree. Chloropicrin fumigation caused significant changes in the relative abundance of Bacillus species, which are involved in potassium dissolution. Structural equation model (SEM) suggested that fumigation with chloropicrin enhanced the contribution of soil potassium to tomato growth and reduced the contribution of bacterial communities. Together, the results of our study help in understanding the crop yield enhancement mechanism of soil fumigation.
Multiple telescoping flow diverter technique in endovascular treatment of a vertebrobasilar dissecting aneurysm: case report
Authors: Wang Ming-Yi , Liu Yong-Sheng , An Xiang-Bo , Pan Tao , Wang Feng
Published: July 2023

A 64-year-old man presented with headache and dizziness. A vertebrobasilar dissecting aneurysm was identified via computed tomography angiography and high resolution magnetic resonance imaging. Perioperatively, standard oral dual antiplatelet drugs were given. Two flow diverters were telespcoped for endovascular treatment of the aneurysm. Postoperatively, there were no signs of cerebral infarction and no new symptoms. At the 6-month follow-up, digital subtraction angiography showed that the aneurysm was almost completely occluded, with no other complications. This case serves as a reference for using the multiple telescoping flow diverter technique to treat vertebrobasilar dissecting aneurysm.
Adaptive STDP-based on-chip spike pattern detection
Authors: Gautam Ashish , Kohno Takashi
Published: July 2023

A spiking neural network (SNN) is a bottom-up tool used to describe information processing in brain microcircuits. It is becoming a crucial neuromorphic computational model. Spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) is an unsupervised brain-like learning rule implemented in many SNNs and neuromorphic chips. However, a significant performance gap exists between ideal model simulation and neuromorphic implementation. The performance of STDP learning in neuromorphic chips deteriorates because the resolution of synaptic efficacy in such chips is generally restricted to 6 bits or less, whereas simulations employ the entire 64-bit floating-point precision available on digital computers. Previously, we introduced a bio-inspired learning rule named adaptive STDP and demonstratedvianumerical simulation that adaptive STDP (using only 4-bit fixed-point synaptic efficacy) performs similarly to STDP learning (using 64-bit floating-point precision) in a noisy spike pattern detection model. Herein, we present the experimental results demonstrating the performance of adaptive STDP learning. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that demonstrates unsupervised noisy spatiotemporal spike pattern detection to perform well and maintain the simulation performance on a mixed-signal CMOS neuromorphic chip with low-resolution synaptic efficacy. The chip was designed in Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) 250 nm CMOS technology node and comprises a soma circuit and 256 synapse circuits along with their learning circuitry.
Implantable photonic neural probes with 3D-printed microfluidics and applications to uncaging
Authors: Mu Xin , Chen Fu-Der , Dang Ka My , Brunk Michael G. K. , Li Jianfeng , Wahn Hannes , Stalmashonak Andrei , Ding Peisheng , Luo Xianshu , Chua Hongyao , Lo Guo-Qiang , Poon Joyce K. S. , Sacher Wesley D.
Published: July 2023

Advances in chip-scale photonic-electronic integration are enabling a new generation of foundry-manufacturable implantable silicon neural probes incorporating nanophotonic waveguides and microelectrodes for optogenetic stimulation and electrophysiological recording in neuroscience research. Further extending neural probe functionalities with integrated microfluidics is a direct approach to achieve neurochemical injection and sampling capabilities. In this work, we use two-photon polymerization 3D printing to integrate microfluidic channels onto photonic neural probes, which include silicon nitride nanophotonic waveguides and grating emitters. The customizability of 3D printing enables a unique geometry of microfluidics that conforms to the shape of each neural probe, enabling integration of microfluidics with a variety of existing neural probes while avoiding the complexities of monolithic microfluidics integration. We demonstrate the photonic and fluidic functionalities of the neural probes via fluorescein injection in agarose gel and photoloysis of caged fluorescein in solution and in fixed brain tissue.
Assessing network-based methods in the context of system toxicology
Authors: Valls-Margarit Jordi , Piñero Janet , Füzi Barbara , Cerisier Natacha , Taboureau Olivier , Furlong Laura I.
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Network-based methods are promising approaches in systems toxicology because they can be used to predict the effects of drugs and chemicals on health, to elucidate the mode of action of compounds, and to identify biomarkers of toxicity. Over the years, the network biology community has developed a wide range of methods, and users are faced with the task of choosing the most appropriate method for their own application. Furthermore, the advantages and limitations of each method are difficult to determine without a proper standard and comparative evaluation of their performance. This study aims to evaluate different network-based methods that can be used to gain biological insight into the mechanisms of drug toxicity, using valproic acid (VPA)-induced liver steatosis as a benchmark.

Methods: We provide a comprehensive analysis of the results produced by each method and highlight the fact that the experimental design (how the method is applied) is relevant in addition to the method specifications. We also contribute with a systematic methodology to analyse the results of the methods individually and in a comparative manner.

Results: Our results show that the evaluated tools differ in their performance against the benchmark and in their ability to provide novel insights into the mechanism of adverse effects of the drug. We also suggest that aggregation of the results provided by different methods provides a more confident set of candidate genes and processes to further the knowledge of the drug’s mechanism of action.

Discussion: By providing a detailed and systematic analysis of the results of different network-based tools, we aim to assist users in making informed decisions about the most appropriate method for systems toxicology applications.
Striking a balance: how long physical activity is ideal for academic success? Based on cognitive and physical fitness mediation analysis
Authors: Liu Guoqing , Li Wenjie , Li Xiaotian
Published: July 2023

Balancing physical activity and studying is an important issue facing Chinese teenagers. Therefore, numerous studies have found that engaging in physical activity can promote academic performance among students. However, what is the optimal duration of physical activity? This study used data from the China Education Panel Survey, with a sample size of 18,009 valid respondents. General linear regression analysis was conducted using Stata 17 software to evaluate the effects of different durations of physical activity, cognitive ability, and physical Fitness on academic performance among adolescents. Furthermore, the “Bootstrap Mediation” method and the “Maximum Likelihood Estimation” method were used to analyze whether physical health and cognitive ability have significant mediating effects. The present study reveals the following findings: (1) There exists a non-linear relationship between students’ academic performance and the duration of physical exercise. The greatest improvement in academic performance is observed when the exercise duration reaches 2 hours. (2) Physical exercise can enhance students’ academic performance by promoting physical health and cognitive abilities. (3) Gender heterogeneity is observed, with the optimal exercise duration for male students being 2 hours, while female students exhibit the highest academic performance when exercising for one hour. This study provides theoretical guidance for research on adolescents’ participation in physical Activity and improving academic performance, enabling adolescents to engage in physical Activity more scientifically and rationally.
Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on serious mental illness-related outpatient department utilization in Ningbo, China: an interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Li Lian , Yang Hongying , Zhang Rongxiang , Wang Yucheng , Bian Guolin
Published: July 2023

Background

Globally, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has negatively affected mental health services, but there is no clear evidence of this in China. Therefore, we examined the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the use of serious mental illness (SMI)-related outpatient services in Ningbo, China.

Methods

We analyzed the trends in monthly SMI-related outpatient department utilization from January 2018 to June 2022 using interrupted time series (ITS) regression analysis, and we defined the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic as January 2020. We also performed ITS regression analyses for sex and age subgroups.

Results

A significant difference in the monthly number of outpatient visit slopes before and after the onset of the pandemic was shown in the SMI analysis [−175.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) (−338.3 to −12.9), p < 0.05]. All sex and age categories, except the 20–30 years age category, showed statistically significant changes in their slopes after the onset of the pandemic. Significant differences in the number of outpatient visit slopes before and after the onset of the pandemic were seen for schizophrenia and bipolar disorders [−153.3, 95% CI (−294.1 to −12.5) and −16.8 (−31.0 to −2.6), respectively]. Moreover, a negative relationship was observed between the monthly number of outpatient visits and the number of incidents and accidents due to SMI (r = −0.38, p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative effect on SMI-related outpatient visits in Ningbo, especially by patients with schizophrenia. A strategy should be developed and implemented to maintain access to SMI services during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Diabetes websites lack information on dietary causes, risk factors, and preventions for type 2 diabetes
Authors: Crummett Lisa T. , Aslam Muhammad H.
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a growing public health burden throughout the world. Many people looking for information on how to prevent T2D will search on diabetes websites. Multiple dietary factors have a significant association with T2D risk, such as high intake of added sugars, refined carbohydrates, saturated fat, and red meat or processed meat; and decreased intake of dietary fiber, and fruits/vegetables. Despite this dietary information being available in the scientific literature, it is unclear whether this information is available in gray literature (websites).

Objective

In this study, we evaluate the use of specific terms from diabetes websites that are significantly associated with causes/risk factors and preventions for T2D from three term categories: (A) dietary factors, (B) nondietary nongenetic (lifestyle-associated) factors, and (C) genetic (non-modifiable) factors. We also evaluate the effect of website type (business, government, nonprofit) on term usage among websites.

Methods

We used web scraping and coding tools to quantify the use of specific terms from 73 diabetes websites. To determine the effect of term category and website type on the usage of specific terms among 73 websites, a repeated measures general linear model was performed.

Results

We found that dietary risk factors that are significantly associated with T2D (e.g., sugar, processed carbohydrates, dietary fat, fruits/vegetables, fiber, processed meat/red meat) were mentioned in significantly fewer websites than either nondietary nongenetic factors (e.g., obesity, physical activity, dyslipidemia, blood pressure) or genetic factors (age, family history, ethnicity). Among websites that provided “eat healthy” guidance, one third provided zero dietary factors associated with type 2 diabetes, and only 30% provided more than two specific dietary factors associates with type 2 diabetes. We also observed that mean percent usage of all terms associated with T2D causes/risk factors and preventions was significantly lower among government websites compared to business websites and nonprofit websites.

Conclusion

Diabetes websites need to increase their usage of dietary factors when discussing causes/risk factors and preventions for T2D; as dietary factors are modifiable and strongly associated with all nondietary nongenetic risk factors, in addition to T2D risk.