bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Standards und Wissen
Authors: Huber Lara
Published: June 2020

Dass wir es nicht mit bloßem Alltagswissen, sondern mit wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnis zu tun haben, lässt sich auf Kriterien zurückführen: Objektivität und Systematizität sind hier vor allem zu nennen. Wie übersetzt sich dieser Anspruch aber in die wissenschaftliche Praxis? Dies tangiert die Frage, wie wir methodisch vorgehen, welche theoretischen Vorannahmen uns anleiten, aber auch, welche Maßstäbe wir an die Bewertung von Ergebnissen anlegen.
Im Zusammenwirken wissenschaftlichen Handelns und Erkennens muss plausibilisiert werden, worüber Wissen erworben wird, wie dieses Wissen beschaffen ist und anhand welcher Verfahren dieser Anspruch einlösbar wird. Dazu dienen Standards: Auf ihrer Grundlage werden Ressourcen ausgewählt, Methoden priorisiert, wird über die Bewertung von Forschungsergebnissen mitentschieden.
Im Fokus der vorliegenden philosophischen Untersuchung steht die Frage nach dem normativen Status von Standards: Wann wird aus einer lokalen Gebrauchsnorm ein fachübergreifender Standard? Wie ist es um die Genese, Geltung und Gültigkeit von wissenschaftlichen Normen bestellt? Tragen Standards als Normative zur Erkenntnissicherung bei? Lara Huber expliziert dies an Beispielen aus der biowissenschaftlichen Forschung, namentlich an laborbasierten Designs am Schnittfeld von Biologie, Biomedizin und Biotechnik.

Lara Huber ist Wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin am Philosophischen Seminar der Universität zu Kiel. 2018 habilitierte sie sich im Fach Philosophie an der Universität Wuppertal. Sie forscht u.a. zur Wissenschafts- und Technikphilosophie, zur Erkenntnistheorie und Ästhetik.
Aseptic Meningitis, As the First Manifestation of Kawasaki Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Shalchi Zohreh , Shirsalimi Niyousha , Sedighi Iraj
Published: June 2020

: Kawasaki disease (KD), a systemic inflammatory disorder with medium-sized vasculitis, mostly occurs among children < five years of age. The highest incidence of KD is among the Asian population. The primary treatment of KD is intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) administration. Extreme irritability is a common neurologic manifestation among infants, and central nervous system involvement is uncommon and occurs as a result of vasculitis or IVIG administration late in the treatment course. Here, we discussed an eight-year-old girl with a final diagnosis of atypical KD, who was primarily diagnosed as aseptic meningitis. The patient was admitted with a history of fever, headache, and vomiting and later developed strawberry tongue, coronary involvement, and fingertip desquamation during the follow-up period. Aseptic meningitis, as the first clinical manifestation, made the definitive diagnosis of the KD challenging.
Investigation of the Relationship Between the Level of Fine Particulate Matter and Stroke Mortality Rate in Mashhad in 2014 and 2015
Authors: Baridkazemi Sima , Moeininan Khalilollah , Taghipour Ali , Rahmani Ayat , Nassehinia Hamidreza
Published: June 2020

Background: Air pollution is a major social problem, particularly in developing countries, where the rapid expansion of industries, cities, and traffic is the main cause of increased air pollution. Objectives: This ecological study (correlation) has been conducted with the aim of analyzing the correlation between ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) amount and the rate of stroke mortality in Mashhad during the years 2014 and 2015. Methods: Data were collected from hospitals, the Monitoring Center of Environmental Pollutants, and the Bureau of Meteorology in Khorasan Razavi Province and were analyzed to evaluate the correlation. Results: The results show that the correlation coefficient between PM2.5 and the rate of stroke mortality in different seasons in 2014 and 2015 are 0.997 and 0.902, respectively. The correlation was stronger in 2014 and is significant at a confidence level of 0.01. Conclusions: According to the results, the annual average concentration of PM2.5 decreased from 29.261 (μg/m3) in 2014 to 25.283 (μg/m3) in 2015, and also, the annual rate of stroke mortality decreased by 4.4% in 2015.
Useful Effects of Curcumin Supplementation on Gastric Superoxide Dismutase Activity and Serum Malondialdehyde Level During Endurance Training in Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Gorzi Ali , Asadi Mozhgan
Published: June 2020

Background: Strenuous endurance training compromises the antioxidant defenses of the body and attempts to find supplements to heal gastric ulcers induced by strenuous endurance training are increasing. Objectives: Therefore, the current study aimed at investigating the effects of curcumin supplementation during nine weeks of endurance training on gastric antioxidant capacity (superoxide dismutase; SOD) and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde; MDA) of serum in male Wistar rats. Methods: The current applied research was conducted on 26 male Wistar rats aged nine weeks and weighed 215.87 ± 20.49 g. After one week of acclimation to training, the rats were randomly assigned to four groups: the control, curcumin, endurance, and endurance + curcumin. During the nine weeks (five sessions per week), the rats performed an incremental endurance training (up to 70 minutes at 35 m/minute), and the curcumin supplement at 30 mg/kg of body weight was injected intraperitoneally three times per week. SOD activity was assayed by the spectrophotometric method, and serum MDA level was measured utilizing the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. For data analysis, ANOVA was employed using SPSS version 24. Results: The results of the study revealed that strenuous endurance training significantly reduced the activity of the gastric SOD enzyme (P < 0.05) and increased serum MDA level (P < 0.05), while curcumin supplementation increased gastric SOD enzyme activity, decreased serum MDA level, and resulted in the restoration of antioxidant defenses. Conclusions: Prolonged strenuous endurance training induces oxidative stress to gastric tissue, and curcumin supplementation restores the antioxidant defense of the gastric tissue and body.
Persistent Misunderstandings about Being Transgender and Their Effect on Pediatric Care
Authors: Coleman Gerald D. ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: June 2020

There is no paucity of academic studies, medical literature, or media attention given to concerns about gender ideology and being transgender. When reporting their findings, however, some researchers and practitioners working from a purely secular perspective overstep medical observations to make metaphysical pronouncements. This causes considerable confusion and stifles dialogue that could occur if the line between medicine and philosophy were clearly delineated. Properly understood, transgender describes an observable distress due to incongruence between one’s birth sex and gender identity. Conversely, gender ideology is a metaphysical conclusion, which argues that a person’s gender is fluid and open to personal choice. Clearly distinguishing between these can help families, clinicians, and society provide medically appropriate and culturally competent care to those with gender dysphoria, especially children.
Talking about Tolerance
Authors: Balg Dominik ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: June 2020

Student relativism is a widespread phenomenon in philosophy classes. While the exact nature of student relativism is controversially discussed, many authors agree on two points: First, it is widely agreed that SR is a rather problematic phenomenon, because it potentially undermines the very purpose of doing philosophy—if there is no objective truth, arguing seems to be pointless. Second, it is widely agreed that there will be some close connection between SR and a tolerant attitude towards conflicting opinions. In this paper, I will argue that if these two assumptions are true, then discussing some basic philosophical insights about the concept of tolerance with students will be a promising new strategy of dealing with SR.
Undergraduate Research in Mathematics Education: Using Qualitative Data About Children’s Learning to Make Decisions About Teaching
Authors: Groth Randall E. , Bergner Jennifer A. , Austin Jathan W. , Burgess Claudia R. , Holdai Veera
Published: June 2020

Undergraduate research is increasingly prevalent in many fields of study, but it is not yet widespread in mathematics education. We argue that expanding undergraduate research opportunities in mathematics education would be beneficial to the field. Such opportunities can be impactful as either extracurricular or course-embedded experiences. To help readers envision directions for undergraduate research experiences in mathematics education with prospective teachers, we describe a model built on a design-based research paradigm. The model engages pairs of prospective teachers in working with faculty mentors to design instructional sequences and test the extent to which they support children’s learning. Undergraduates learn about the nature of systematic mathematics education research and how careful analyses of classroom data can guide practice. Mentors gain opportunities to pursue their personal research interests while guiding undergraduate pairs. We explain how implementing the core cycle of the model, whether on a small or large scale, can help teachers make instructional decisions that are based on rich, qualitative classroom data.
Analyzing Eight Years of Mathematics Teacher Educator Articles: Where We Were, Where We Are, and Where We Are Going
Authors: West Heather , Elrod Emily , Hollebrands, Karen , Faulkner Valerie
Published: June 2020

In this editorial, an analysis of articles published in the Mathematics Teacher Educator journal (MTE) from 2012 to 2020, which describes the knowledge base for mathematics teacher educators addressed by MTE authors, is presented. This analysis builds on similar work conducted four years ago (Bieda, 2016). These more recent findings demonstrate that articles focusing on teacher knowledge; mathematical content; student thinking and reasoning; and models of teacher preparation or in-service professional development (PD) have been the most frequently published in MTE. In contrast, a limited number of articles have focused on discourse; diversity, equity, and language; technology; and methods of research. This examination allows us to assess as a community where we were, where we are, and where we might go in the future.
Assembling nature as an art object: A single video case analysis of two landscape artists navigating social context
Authors: Baddeley Maximilon
Published: June 2020

Using video data obtained from a one-day field ethnography, I utilised the ethnomethodological respecification of ‘gestalt-contextures’ to describe in fine detail how two artists and a social researcher haphazardly organised themselves to navigate river terrain. The art object took on many meanings within the ongoing context of the group’s verbal and non-verbal, vernacular, and expert ability to observe the subject matter. Whilst organising join-attention to an array of natural objects, the participants defined pathway limitations, and rerouted, reviewed and positioned their bodies amongst the landscape. These socially acknowledged features typically remain unexposed when art sociologists discuss ‘artwork’. Due to the value of understanding the production of artistic objects in, and as a variety of socially maintained endogenous orders, the reportage of ‘gestalt assembly’ may furnish ‘the new sociology of art’ with materials for pursuing an alternative style of social research: the investigation of ordinary social context as member’s ongoing enacted achievement.
THE LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS OF HIGH-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE DRAINS FOR APPLICATION IN TAILINGS
Authors: Muravljov Mihailo , Anagnosti Petar , Savić Aleksandar R.
Published: June 2020

For the purposes of draining material deposited in the tailings pond under construction, there was aneed to examine the properties of the high-density polyethylene drain tubes and the consistingmaterials in order to assess their adequacy in the specific conditions. The conducted laboratoryinvestigations of the samples cut from the tubes included: determination of bulk density, tensilestrength in the tangential direction, as well as the compressive strength in a radial direction.Representative samples of the tubes themselves were tested in two different loading dispositions, inorder to record the load-deflection effects. The test results indicated the specific behavior of thetested material in service conditions.
SOME RECURRENCE FORMULAS FOR A NEW CLASS OF SPECIAL POLYNOMIALS AND SPECIAL FUNCTIONS
Authors: Maksimović Snježana , Đurić Nebojša , Vanja Boroja Ivan , Kosić-Jeremić Sandra
Published: June 2020

In this paper we used a new class of special functions and special polynomials which are solutions different Sturm Liouvile differential equations of second order. These functions form a basis of a space of square integrable functions over set of a real numbers. We investigated some properties of these polynomials and established some recurrence formulas. Using a new class of special functions, we obtained some useful summation formulas and recurrence formulas.
PERMANENT GNSS MONITORING OF LANDSLIDE UMKA
Authors: Samardžić-Petrović Mileva , Popović Jovan , Đurić Uroš , Abolmasov Biljana , Pejić Marko , Marjanović Miloš
Published: June 2020

The Umka landslide is one of the biggest inhabited active landslides in Serbia. The Umka landslideactivity has been monitored for a period longer than 85 years, by various geotechnical and geodetictechniques. Since 2010, landslide activity has been continuously monitored by automated permanentGlobal Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) based monitoring system in real time. Furthermore,since 2018 landslide activity has been monitored by GNSS kinematic positioning of a set ofcharacteristic points as well as by UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) photogrammetry. The mainissue of this paper is the presentation of the results gained with GNSS kinematic positioning ofcharacteristic points of Umka landslide within three observation epochs.
ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE FACTORS ON DIFFERENT CROPS USING MULTIVARIABLE ANALYSIS AND REMOTELY SENSED DATA
Authors: Popović Bojan , Ruskovski Igor , Milovanov Stevan , Govedarica Miro , Jovanović Dušan
Published: June 2020

Phenology modeling of the most common agricultural cultures based on time series of high spatialresolution satellite imagery and vegetation indices was conducted for several crop types. This datawas used as an indicator of crops state in the multivariable correlation model as dependent variables.The influence of climate factors (temperature, air pressure, precipitation, insolation, cloudiness andhumidity) on crops state was determined using multivariable correlation. This model allowsprediction of delayed influence of climate factors on plant health and state through the values ofNDVI.
EXPLORING THE POTENTIALS OF SMALL URBAN STREAMS IN CREATING BLUE-GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE CITY OF NIŠ, SERBIA
Authors: Dinić Branković Milena , Igić Milica , Mitković Petar , Đekić Jelena , Bogdanović Protić Ivana
Published: June 2020

“Blue-Green Infrastructure” (BGI) is a simple and cost-effective natural resource that enhances theappeal, resilience and sustainability of urban areas. Small urban streams are an important BGIcomponent that is often underused, especially regarding stormwater management. The aim of thisresearch is to explore small urban streams and their integration into BGI in the urban area of Niš,and to point out the benefits that their restoration would bring in functional, social and environmentalterms. Results of this study show that Niš urban area has significant “Blue” natural capital in smallstreams, and that standing planning documents support the creation of BGI to some extent. Theseare good grounds for the implementation of BGI in urban planning practice.
HELMERT TRANSFORMATION ON THE CASE OF GAUSS-KRÜGER AND UTM
Authors: Sekulović Dragoljub , Basarić Miloš , Garić Ivan
Published: June 2020

Globally, maps are our primary source of comprehensive information about the shape, size and arrangement of Earth features. Maps are the only way we can get a unique and comprehensive view of the world. Unfortunately, globally, all maps are somehow deformed, affecting our perception and understanding of the various geometrical properties of the world. Cartographic projection is a way of mapping points from an ellipsoid to a plane and as such is the basis for making a mathematical map basis. The two projections most used in our geospatial are the Gauss-Krüger projection and the UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator) projection. The paper deals with Helmert's transformation of these two projections.
RELIABILITY OF THE RISK ANALYSIS IN MAKING DECISIONS ABOUT VARIANT SOLUTIONS ACCEPTABILITY OF THE PLANNED ROAD
Authors: Uljarević Mato , Palikuća Ljubomir
Published: June 2020

Realization of the infrastructural structures is connected with the decisions based on hazardgeotechnical insight occurrence and risk analysis in the planned road zone. Adopting new road route,the risk which correspond to the subject route is accepted and it requires appropriate technicalsolutions. In this work, in example of the new road has pointed on the quality risk analysisimportance by making decision about proposed route acceptance of the new road.
HIGH-SPEED TRAINS – MAGLEV TRAINS
Authors: Lukić Dragan C. , Zlatanović Elefterija
Published: June 2020

The development of megacities, with a large population, imposes increasing mobility in order tomaintain the economic and social development. There is a great necessity for a contemporary andnew infrastructure at the urban, suburban, intercity, and international level. At the same time, thereis also a need to improve transport in terms of environmental protection, to reduce effects such asnoise, pollution, and congestion. The latest researches show that by 2050, carbon dioxide (CO2)emissions need to be reduced by 75%. This reduction can be achieved only by applying newtechnologies of transportation systems. One of these technologies, which is shown in this work, isthe Maglev system for trains of high speed.
UNIVERSITY CAMPUS AS A SECONDARY CITY CENTER – A CASE STUDY OF NOVI SAD IN SERBIA
Authors: Carević Tomić Marina , Medenica Todorović Ranka , Vračarić Milica
Published: June 2020

The presence of the university within the city triggers competitive advantages together with thevarious spatial and socio-economic challenges of the urban area. Introducing the historic perspectiveof the symbiotic relationship between the city and the university, the paper explores the interactionbetween the campus of the University of Novi Sad and its urban neighborhoods. It is supposed thatthe university campus can have a more prominent role in the system of centers in Novi Sad throughthe integration of its functions and open public spaces with the surrounding area and within the limitsof the campus itself. The presented analysis supports the idea of the policentricity of the city of NoviSad.
Learning lessons from a toddler
Authors: Sadanandappa Madhumala K
Published: June 2020

Struggling to get her research project up and running in a new country, a mother gets inspiration from her young daughter.
Mining of candidate genes involved in the biosynthesis of dextrorotatory borneol in Cinnamomum burmannii by transcriptomic analysis on three chemotypes
Authors: Yang Zerui , An Wenli , Liu Shanshan , Huang Yuying , Xie Chunzhu , Huang Song , Zheng Xiasheng
Published: June 2020

Background

Dextrorotatory borneol (D-borneol), a cyclic monoterpene, is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine as an efficient topical analgesic drug. Fresh leaves of Cinnamomum trees, e.g., C. burmannii and C. camphor, are the main sources from which D-borneol is extracted by steam distillation, yet with low yields. Insufficient supply of D-borneol has hampered its clinical use and production of patent remedies for a long time. Biological synthesis of D-borneol offers an additional approach; however, mechanisms of D-borneol biosynthesis remain mostly unresolved. Hence, it is important and necessary to elucidate the biosynthetic pathway of D-borneol.

Results

Comparative analysis on the gene expression patterns of different D-borneol production C. burmannii samples facilitates elucidation on the underlying biosynthetic pathway of D-borneol. Herein, we collected three different chemotypes of C. burmannii, which harbor different contents of D-borneol.A total of 100,218 unigenes with an N50 of 1,128 bp were assembled de novo using Trinity from a total of 21.21 Gb clean bases. We used BLASTx analysis against several public databases to annotate 45,485 unigenes (45.38%) to at least one database, among which 82 unigenes were assigned to terpenoid biosynthesis pathways by KEGG annotation. In addition, we defined 8,860 unigenes as differentially expressed genes (DEGs), among which 13 DEGs were associated with terpenoid biosynthesis pathways. One 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS) and two monoterpene synthase, designated as CbDXS9, CbTPS2 and CbTPS3, were up-regulated in the high-borneol group compared to the low-borneol and borneol-free groups, and might be vital to biosynthesis of D-borneol in C. burmannii. In addition, we identified one WRKY, two BHLH, one AP2/ERF and three MYB candidate genes, which exhibited the same expression patterns as CbTPS2 and CbTPS3, suggesting that these transcription factors might potentially regulate D-borneol biosynthesis. Finally, quantitative real-time PCR was conducted to detect the actual expression level of those candidate genes related to the D-borneol biosynthesis pathway, and the result showed that the expression patterns of the candidate genes related to D-borneol biosynthesis were basically consistent with those revealed by transcriptome analysis.

Conclusions

We used transcriptome sequencing to analyze three different chemotypes of C. burmannii, identifying three candidate structural genes (one DXS, two monoterpene synthases) and seven potential transcription factor candidates (one WRKY, two BHLH, one AP2/ERF and three MYB) involved in D-borneol biosynthesis. These results provide new insight into our understanding of the production and accumulation of D-borneol in C. burmannii.
Nelson Quichillao, Twitter y la lucha de clases.
Authors: Valdebenito Allendes Jorge , Knipp Silva Rocío
Published: June 2020

Se distingue en la actualidad un creciente número de investigaciones orientadas a describir las transformaciones de la movilización política en el siglo XXI dada la masificación de tecnologías de la comunicación digital. La presente propuesta se erige como un intento de discusión que critica la valoración optimista de la tecnología. Esta valoración usualmente entiende a las TICs como herramientas de horizontalización y democratización de la participación política de masas. Desde una perspectiva tecno-escéptica, el presente estudio niega tal posibilidad. Para tales efectos, se realiza un seguimiento empírico de las comunicaciones realizadas en Twitter respecto de la muerte del minero chileno Nelson Quichillao. Los resultados indican que plataformas digitales como Twitter por sobre horizontalizar la participación y comunicación política, reproducen las asimetrías propias del mundo social. En dicho sentido, la categoría de lucha de clases se presenta como una alternativa de análisis de las desigualdades del mundo contemporáneo.
Clinical and Epidemiological Aspects of Accidents by Venomous Animals in Mâncio Lima, a Western Amazonian City
Authors: Souza Mardelson Nery de , Mantovani Saulo Augusto Silva , Schlosser Andreus Roberto , Arruda Rayanne Alves de , Braga Cássio Braga e , Andrade Breno Wilson Benevides , Pereira Thasciany Moraes , Martins Antonio Camargo , Nogueira Rudi , Delfino Breno Matos , Madruga Kauan Alves Sousa , Silva-Nunes Mônica da
Published: June 2020

Aims: To characterize the frequency and clinical characteristics of venomous animals’ accidents in Mâncio Lima, Acre.

Study Design: A cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: The study took place in Mâncio Lima, Acre, Brazil, between 2013 and 2015.

Methodology: We included a cohort of 350 households (estimated to be 1,500 people of all ages) in the urban area of Mâncio Lima. The following questionnaires were applied: I. Occurrence of accidents by venomous animals and clinical characterization of accidents; II. The detailed description of households.

Results: There were 111 (8%) accidents with snakes, 138 (9.9%) accidents with scorpions, 108 (7.8%) accidents with spiders and 99 (7.1%) accidents with stingrays. Bothrops jararaca was the most cited snake, being edema (local and systemic) and muscular pain the main symptoms. In relation to scorpionism and arachnidism, the hands were the body site of the greatest number of injuries, with local pain/tingling and pain/blistering being the main symptoms, respectively. Accidents by stingrays occurred mostly in the shallow part of the river; feet and legs were the main body sites affected and local pain/bleeding were the main symptoms.

Conclusion: In Mâncio Lima, there was a severe frequency of envenomation in the population, specifically in low-income brown/black male rural workers with low educational level. A counter action is required with public health measures that protects the inhabitants of the region, offering greater hospital care and wide application of serum for everyone who needs it. It is also important to educate rural workers on venomous animals and preventive measures to avoid accidents.
Synthesis and IR Characterization of Activated Carbon Acid Catalysts from Cassava Peels and their Use in Esterification of Free Fatty Acid in Palm Kernel oil
Authors: Bonganga L. T. , Kindala T. J. , Nkodi M. T. , Ngoy B. P. , Kayembe S. J. , Taba K. M.
Published: June 2020

The present study reports the preparation of four solid acids (CS, CPS, CAS and CPAS) from cassava peels and investigates their catalytic activities in the esterification of free fatty acid (FFA) in palm Kernel oil (PKO). The activated carbon obtained from carbonization was directly sulfonated with sulfuric acid (CS) or treated first with phosphoric acid before sulfonation (CPS). Another part of activated carbon was pyrolyzed at 800°C and treated as in the two previous cases (CAS and CPAS). The FTIR spectra of CS, CPS, CAS and CPAS showed characteristic absorption peaks of functional groups such as O=S=O (1031 cm-1), OH (3849 and 3405 cm-1), C=C (1555-1574 cm-1), S=O (1042,1031 cm-1) and P=O (754 cm-1), which confirm the presence of sulfonic, carboxylic and phosphoric groups on the surface of the activated carbon acids prepared. The total acid densities of the catalysts range from 2.26 to 3.49 mmol/g whereas the -SO3H densities were from 0.92 to 2.20 mmol/g. Amongthe four catalysts prepared, their effectiveness in the esterification of free fatty acid in palm kernel oil with a conversion rate from 70 to 90%, depended mostly on the sulfonic acid density on the catalyst, CPS showed the highest total and –SO3H acid densities with 3.49 and 2.2 mmol/g respectively and a highest free acid fatty conversion rate of 90%. Thus, CPS was more efficient than CS, CPAS and CAS. All the catalysts prepared could be reused in the esterification reaction with a mild decrease in the conversion rate.
Diversity Studies in Vigna Species and Their Implications in Further Breeding
Authors: Bolaji Abolade Oluremi , Oladejo Atanda Samuel , Ebeagu Samuel
Published: June 2020

Aims: To evaluate, identify and select superior genotypes with better agronomic traits with respect to insect resistance and yield components for the development of improved cowpea varieties.

Study Design: The plants were raised using completely randomized design (CRD).

Place and Duration of Study: Screen house of the Department of Botany, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, between between July 2017 and January 2018.

Methodology: A total of 67 Vigna accessions consisting of 36 V. vexillata and 31 V. unguiculata species were evaluated and the quantitative and qualitative attributes of the various accessions studied were documented. The data obtained in the study were subjected to univariate analysis involving descriptive statistics, as well as multivariate analysis involving the General Linear Model (GLM) Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The differences among means of each variable were tested using the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at ˂0.05 using System Analysis Software (SAS) version 9.13. Pearson Correlation Coefficient was also used to test the correlation among the quantitative attributes of the varieties studied.

Results: The results of the investigation showed that there was significant variation in most of the quantitative attributes of the species studied though many of the qualitative vegetative attributes were considerably uniform. The Principal Component Analysis showed that some of the important traits that contributed significantly to the variation were number of days to seedling emergence, plant height, leaf length, leaf breadth, petiole length, pod length, pod breadth, seed length, seed breadth, number of seeds per pod and number of locules.

Conclusion: From the findings obtained in this study, it could be concluded that the desirable traits of Tvnu1249 (V. vexillata) such as early maturity, and Tvnu72 (V. vexillata) with high percentage seed set and resistance to flower bud thrips could be transferred into Sanzi and Ifebrown (V. unguiculata varieties) with larger seed sizes and high percentage seed set through hybridization and other breeding techniques.
The Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic: How are the Future Tourist Behavior?
Authors: Wachyuni Suci Sandi , Kusumaningrum Dewi Ayu
Published: June 2020

Aims: This research examines tourist travel intentions after the end of the pandemic.

Study Design: Descriptive quantitative study.

Place and Duration of Study: Research from February - April 2020 in Jakarta, Indonesia.

Methodology: This research is a descriptive study describing the current situation using a quantitative approach. Probability sampling with simple random sampling. Data collection using survey methods by distributing online questionnaires (Google Form) through WhatsApp broadcast messages and reach 128 respondents. Simple quantitative data analysis.

Results: The travel preferences are (78%), or the majority of respondents said they would go back on tour. About (65%) will return to travel in the near term, which is 0-6 months after the pandemic is declared over, of the type of tourism desired by respondents is nature tourism by (66%), The majority of the desired tour duration is short-period, which is 1-4 days. The survey results show that travel intention mean value is higher than travel anxiety.

Conclusion: Empirical predictions of tourist behavior after this pandemic ends. There are passion and optimism that tourism will recover faster because the majority of respondents in this study have planned when and where they will immediately after COVID-19 pandemic end with new travel preferences.
Graphene and MXene Nanomaterials: Toward High‐Performance Electromagnetic Wave Absorption in Gigahertz Band Range
Authors: Song Qiang , Ye Fang , Kong Luo , Shen Qingliang , Han Liyuan , Feng Lei , Yu Gaojie , Pan Yuanan , Li Hejun
Published: June 2020

Searching for advanced microwave absorption (MA) nanomaterials is one of the most feasible ways to address the increasing electromagnetic pollution in both military and civil fields. To this end, graphene and MXene have won the widespread attention as the main representatives due to their remarkable structures and properties. The common features such as the large aspect ratio, active chemical surface, and varieties of synthesis processes endow graphene and MXene with unique superiorities for developing high‐efficiency MA structures, in particular lightweight assemblies and various hybrids. Meanwhile, the structural and performance differences (such as different conductivities) between them result in distinctive techniques in the design, fabrication, and application of their MA materials. Herein, the research progress in graphene‐ and MXene‐based MA materials is reviewed, with a special focus on advances in general strategies. Moreover, through the comparison between graphene‐ and MXene‐based MA materials, their respective advantages in achieving high‐performance MA are presented. Furthermore, the future challenge, research orientation, and prospect for these MA materials are also highlighted and discussed.
Epitaxially Strained CeO2/Mn3O4 Nanocrystals as an Enhanced Antioxidant for Radioprotection
Authors: Han Sang Ihn , Lee Sang‐woo , Cho Min Gee , Yoo Ji Mun , Oh Myoung Hwan , Jeong Beomgyun , Kim Dokyoon , Park Ok Kyu , Kim Junchul , Namkoong Eun , Jo Jinwoung , Lee Nohyun , Lim Chaehong , Soh Min , Sung Yung‐Eun , Yoo Jongman , Park Kyungpyo , Hyeon Taeghwan
Published: June 2020

Nanomaterials with antioxidant properties are promising for treating reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐related diseases. However, maintaining efficacy at low doses to minimize toxicity is a critical for clinical applications. Tuning the surface strain of metallic nanoparticles can enhance catalytic reactivity, which has rarely been demonstrated in metal oxide nanomaterials. Here, it is shown that inducing surface strains of CeO2/Mn3O4 nanocrystals produces highly catalytic antioxidants that can protect tissue‐resident stem cells from irradiation‐induced ROS damage. Manganese ions deposited on the surface of cerium oxide (CeO2) nanocrystals form strained layers of manganese oxide (Mn3O4) islands, increasing the number of oxygen vacancies. CeO2/Mn3O4 nanocrystals show better catalytic activity than CeO2 or Mn3O4 alone and can protect the regenerative capabilities of intestinal stem cells in an organoid model after a lethal dose of irradiation. A small amount of the nanocrystals prevents acute radiation syndrome and increases the survival rate of mice treated with a lethal dose of total body irradiation.
Large‐Scale Fast Fluid Dynamic Processes for the Syntheses of 2D Nanohybrids of Metal Nanoparticle‐Deposited Boron Nitride Nanosheet and Their Glycolysis of Poly(ethylene terephthalate)
Authors: Jeong Jae‐Min , Jin Se Bin , Park Hong Jun , Park Seung Hwa , Jeon Hyeonyeol , Suh Hoyoung , Park Yong‐Ju , Seo Donghyuk , Hwang Sung Yeon , Kim Do Hyun , Choi Bong Gill
Published: June 2020

Owing to the unique mass and heat transfer, fluidic‐flow control systems or reactors can potentially provide advantages for organic and inorganic syntheses compared to the static reactors. In this study, it is demonstrated that a fluid dynamic reactor based on Taylor–Couette (T–C) flow provides high‐throughput processes for the exfoliation of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), syntheses of metal‐nanoparticle‐(NP)‐deposited hBN nanohybrids, and their glycolysis reactions of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). The mechanical shear force and dynamic mixing behavior of the T–C flow lead to a stable colloidal suspension of exfoliated hBN sheets with a high exfoliation yield of 77.9% and high production rate of 0.48 g h−1. A fast synthesis of metal NPs (Pd, Pt, Ag, and RuO2 NPs) onto the hBN surface is achieved by using the controlled T–C flow within only 2 min owing to the efficient mass and heat transfer of the T–C flow. The T–C flow considerably reduces the reaction time (30 min) and temperature (100 °C) for the Pd/hBN‐catalyst‐based glycolysis reaction of PET to bis(2‐hydroxyethyl) terephthalate compared to those of the conventional static reaction that is performed above 200 °C for 120 min.
Maneuvering the Migration and Differentiation of Stem Cells with Electrospun Nanofibers
Authors: Xue Jiajia , Pisignano Dario , Xia Younan
Published: June 2020

Electrospun nanofibers have been extensively explored as a class of scaffolding materials for tissue regeneration, because of their unique capability to mimic some features and functions of the extracellular matrix, including the fibrous morphology and mechanical properties, and to a certain extent the chemical/biological cues. This work reviews recent progress in applying electrospun nanofibers to direct the migration of stem cells and control their differentiation into specific phenotypes. First, the physicochemical properties that make electrospun nanofibers well‐suited as a supporting material to expand stem cells by controlling their migration and differentiation are introduced. Then various systems are analyzed in conjunction with mesenchymal, neuronal, and embryonic stem cells, as well as induced pluripotent stem cells. Finally, some perspectives on the challenges and future opportunities in combining electrospun nanofibers with stem cells are offered to address clinical issues.
Flexible Fiber Probe for Efficient Neural Stimulation and Detection
Authors: Du Minghui , Huang Lu , Zheng Jiajun , Xi Yue , Dai Yi , Zhang Weida , Yan Wei , Tao Guangming , Qiu Jianrong , So Kwok‐Fai , Ren Chaoran , Zhou Shifeng
Published: June 2020

Functional probes are a leading contender for the recognition and manipulation of nervous behavior and are characterized by substantial scientific and technological potential. Despite the recent development of functional neural probes, a flexible biocompatible probe unit that allows for long‐term simultaneous stimulation and signaling is still an important task. Here, a category of flexible tiny multimaterial fiber probes (<0.3 g) is described in which the metal electrodes are regularly embedded inside a biocompatible polymer fiber with a double‐clad optical waveguide by thermal drawing. Significantly, this arrangement enables great improvement in mechanical properties, achieves high optical transmission (>90%), and effectively minimizes the impedance (by up to one order of magnitude) of the probe. This ability allows to realize long‐term (at least 10 weeks) simultaneous optical stimulation and neural recording at the single‐cell level in behaving mice with signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR = 30 dB) that is more than 6 times that of the benchmark probe such as an all‐polymer fiber.
Uncovering Atomic‐Scale Stability and Reactivity in Engineered Zinc Oxide Electrocatalysts for Controllable Syngas Production
Authors: Daiyan Rahman , Lovell Emma Catherine , Huang Bosi , Zubair Muhammad , Leverett Joshua , Zhang Qingran , Lim Sean , Horlyck Jonathan , Tang Jianbo , Lu Xunyu , Kalantar‐Zadeh Kourosh , Hart Judy N. , Bedford Nicholas M. , Amal Rose
Published: June 2020

In this study, scalable, flame spray synthesis is utilized to develop defective ZnO nanomaterials for the concurrent generation of H2 and CO during electrochemical CO2 reduction reactions (CO2RR). The designed ZnO achieves an H2/CO ratio of ≈1 with a large current density (j) of 40 mA cm−2 during long‐term continuous reaction at a cell voltage of 2.6 V. Through in situ atomic pair distribution function analysis, the remarkable stability of these ZnO structures is explored, addressing the knowledge gap in understanding the dynamics of oxide catalysts during CO2RR. Through optimization of synthesis conditions, ZnO facets are modulated which are shown to affect reaction selectivity, in agreement with theoretical calculations. These findings and insights on synthetic manipulation of active sites in defective metal‐oxides can be used as guidelines to develop active catalysts for syngas production for renewable power‐to‐X to generate a range of fuels and chemicals.
Do consumers have an appetite for discolored beef?
Authors: Feuz Ryan , Norwood F. Bailey , Ramanathan Ranjith
Published: June 2020

Consumers prefer beef to be bright, cherry red in color. As beef becomes discolored, consumers may perceive it to be unwholesome, reducing their willingness‐to‐pay (WTP). This study uses a choice experiment in an online survey to measure how discoloration affects consumer WTP for beef steak and ground beef. A cheap talk script combined with a trap question designed to simultaneously reduce hypothetical bias as well as measurement error caused by inattentive respondents is included in the survey. Results indicate even slightly discolored beef may require at least a 50% discount before the average consumer will purchase it. However, through latent class analysis, consumer preferences for discolored steak and ground beef are found to be heterogeneous with several latent classes identified. Thus, if the quantity of discolored meat to be sold is low, retailers can sell discolored meat at smaller discounts to consumers in one of the subgroups with less discriminating discoloration preferences [EconLit Citations: D10, D12, Q18].
Farmer preferences in contracting with modern retail in Indonesia: A choice experiment
Authors: Widadie Fanny , Bijman Jos , Trienekens Jacques
Published: June 2020

Understanding the preferences of smallholder farmers for contracting can help in making contracts more sustainable. This paper presents the results of a choice experiment (CE) among smallholder farmers in Indonesia to assess their preferences for accepting contracts with modern retail. The CE was based on attributes of actual sales transactions in modern retail and traditional retail channels. A total of 301 vegetable smallholder farmers participated, consisting of 173 farmers participating in traditional markets and 128 in modern retail markets. A random parameter logit model estimates that, in general, smallholders do not prefer contracting with modern retail over spot market selling in traditional retail channels. Most contract attributes are perceived as negative by smallholders. A willingness‐to‐accept analysis shows that farmers are critical of most contract attributes, particularly those related to quality requirements. Producer organizations (POs) reduce transaction costs and increase smallholders' preference toward contracts. Contract designs that reduce transaction cost, mitigate risks for farmers, provide fair prices, and involve POs are more likely to attract smallholders to modern retail channels. [EconLit Citations: D23, O13, Q13].
A multi‐faceted approach to analyzing glucose heat‐degradants and evaluating impact to a CHO cell culture process
Authors: Moore Brandon , Grinnell Chris , Boumajny Boris , Chen Rachel , Frenkel Ruth , de Vilmorin Phil , Sosic Zoran , Khattak Sarwat
Published: June 2020

Glucose solutions are commonly heated before use in medical and biotech applications to maintain cleanliness, however the resulting degradants can be toxic. This study examines two approaches to evaluating the heat degradants resulting from holding a 40% glucose solution at 55°C for 5 weeks: first, chemical changes to the solution were identified and quantified via analytical testing, and second the toxicity of the heat‐degraded 40% glucose solution was evaluated empirically by using it as a feed stock for a fed‐batch CHO‐cell‐based protein therapeutic manufacturing process. Colorimetric analysis quantified a color change during heating, and liquid chromatography assays measured an increase in the concentrations of two unknown degradants along with the commonly identified glucose impurity 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF). Solution pH decreased over time, corresponding with an increase in formic acid concentration as measured via GC–MS. Despite this, cell culture toxicity was not observed, and protein productivity and product quality were maintained.
Sexual dimorphism of the relationship between the gut and pelvis in humans
Authors: Uy Jeanelle , Hawks John , VanSickle Caroline
Published: June 2020

Objectives

Obstetric demands have long been considered in the evolution of the pelvis, yet consideration of the interaction of pregnancy, the pelvis, and the gastrointestinal tract (gut) is lacking. Here, we explore sex differences in the relationship of gut volume with body size and pelvic dimensions.

Materials and Methods

Computed tomography (CT) scans of living adult Homo sapiens (46 females and 42 males) were obtained to measure in vivo gut volume (GV) and to extract 3D models of the pelvis. We collected 19 3D landmarks from each pelvis model to acquire pelvic measurements. We used ordinary least squares regression to explore relationships between GV and body weight, stature, and linear pelvic dimensions.

Results

The gut‐pelvis relationship differs between males and females. Females do not exhibit significant statistical correlations between GV and any variable tested. GV correlates with body size and pelvic outlet size in males. GV scales with negative allometry relative to body weight, stature, maximum bi‐iliac breadth, inferior transverse outlet breadth, and bispinous distance in males.

Discussion

The lack of association between GV and body size in females may be due to limits imposed by the anticipation of accommodating a gravid uterus and/or the increased plasticity of the pelvis. The pattern of relationship between GV and the pelvic outlet suggests the role of the bony pelvis in supporting the adominal viscera in females may be small relative to its role in childbirth. We conclude that gut size inference in fossil hominins from skeletal proxies is limited and confounded by sexual dimorphism.
Propofol suppresses ventricular arrhythmias: a case report of acute caffeine intoxication
Authors: Terashima Shinya , Muroya Takashi , Ikegawa Hitoshi , Kajino Kentaro , Sakuramoto Kazuhito , Yui Rintaro , Kishimoto Masanobu , Takahashi Hiroki , Nakajima Mari , Nakamura Fumiko , Nakamori Yasushi , Kuwagata Yasuyuki
Published: June 2020

Background

Caffeine is widely used as a stimulant drug throughout the world, and fatal arrhythmia is a known side‐effect. We experienced a patient with caffeine intoxication causing fatal arrhythmias who was successfully treated with the infusion of propofol.

Case Presentation

A 27‐year‐old woman was transferred to our hospital with nausea and poor general condition after intentional ingestion of 23.2 g of caffeine tablets. She was in cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation just before hospital arrival. Advanced life support including defibrillation was started immediately, and we succeeded in resuscitating her 23 min later. Although she suffered from polymorphic ventricular premature beats and frequent transition to ventricular fibrillation, propofol administration converted her from a ventricular arrhythmia to sinus rhythm.

Conclusion

We report this case focusing on the cardiovascular effects of propofol and the lipid sink phenomenon. As a result, propofol could have the potential to suppress ventricular arrhythmias.
Initial Carbon−Carbon Bond Formation during the Early Stages of Methane Dehydroaromatization
Authors: Çağlayan Mustafa , Lucini Paioni Alessandra , Abou‐Hamad Edy , Shterk Genrikh , Pustovarenko Alexey , Baldus Marc , Chowdhury Abhishek Dutta , Gascon Jorge
Published: June 2020

Methane dehydroaromatization (MDA) is among the most challenging processes in catalysis science owing to the inherent harsh reaction conditions and fast catalyst deactivation. To improve this process, understanding the mechanism of the initial C−C bond formation is essential. However, consensus about the actual reaction mechanism is still to be achieved. In this work, using advanced magic‐angle spinning (MAS) solid‐state NMR spectroscopy, we study in detail the early stages of the reaction over a well‐dispersed Mo/H‐ZSM‐5 catalyst. Simultaneous detection of acetylene (i.e., presumably the direct C−C bond‐forming product from methane), methylidene, allenes, acetal, and surface‐formate species, along with the typical olefinic/aromatic species, allow us to conclude the existence of at least two independent C−H activation pathways. Moreover, this study emphasizes the significance of mobility‐dependent host–guest chemistry between an inorganic zeolite and its trapped organic species during heterogeneous catalysis.