bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revision of Monoraphid Diatom Genus Platessa with Description of Platesiberia gen. nov. from Ancient Lake Baikal
Authors: Kulikovskiy Maxim S. , Glushchenko Anton M. , Genkal Sergei I. , Kuznetsova Irina V. , Kociolek John Patrick
Published: September 2022

A new monoraphid diatom genus, Platesiberia gen. nov., is described based on a detailed morphological investigation using light and scanning electron microscopy. The genus is based upon P. rhombicolanceolata Kulikovskiy & Lange-Bertalot and includes Platessa baicalensis Kulikovskiy & Lange-Bertalot, both species previously described from ancient Lake Baikal. Platesiberia gen. nov. is characterized by having biseriate striae on the raphe valves with uniseriate striae on the rapheless valves. Morphology of striae is helpful to distinguish the genus Platesiberia from Platessa and other monoraphid genera, and we provide a comparison of the new Baikalian genus with other freshwater monoraphid groups.
Correction: Ikram et al. Biological Degradation of the Azo Dye Basic Orange 2 by Escherichia coli: A Sustainable and Ecofriendly Approach for the Treatment of Textile Wastewater. Water 2022, 14, 2063
Authors: Ikram Muhammad , Naeem Mohammad , Zahoor Muhammad , Hanafiah Marlia Mohd , Oyekanmi Adeleke Abdulrahman , Ullah Riaz , Farraj Dunia A. Al , Elshikh Mohamed S. , Zekker Ivar , Gulfam Naila
Published: September 2022

In the original publication [...]
Flood Inundation Modeling by Integrating HEC–RAS and Satellite Imagery: A Case Study of the Indus River Basin
Authors: Afzal Muhammad Adeel , Ali Sikandar , Nazeer Aftab , Khan Muhammad Imran , Waqas Muhammad Mohsin , Aslam Rana Ammar , Cheema Muhammad Jehanzeb Masud , Nadeem Muhammad , Saddique Naeem , Muzammil Muhammad , Shah Adnan Noor
Published: September 2022

Floods are brutal, catastrophic natural hazards which affect most human beings in terms of economy and life loss, especially in the large river basins worldwide. The Indus River basin is considered as one of the world’s large river basins, comprising several major tributaries, and has experienced severe floods in its history. There is currently no proper early flood warning system for the Indus River which can help administrative authorities cope with such natural hazards. Hence, it is necessary to develop an early flood warning system by integrating a hydrodynamic model, in situ information, and satellite imagery. This study used Hydrologic Engineering Center–River Analysis System (HEC–RAS) to predict river dynamics under extreme flow events and inundation modeling. The calibration and validation of the HEC–RAS v5 model was performed for 2010 and 2015 flood events, respectively. Manning’s roughness coefficient (n) values were extracted using the land use information of the rivers and floodplains. Multiple combinations of n values were used and optimized in the simulation process for the rivers and floodplains. The Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM), Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) MOD09A1, and MOD09GA products were used in the analysis. The Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Modified NDWI1 (MNDWI1), and MNDWI2, were applied for the delineation of water bodies, and the output of all indices were blended to produce standard flood maps for accurate assessment of the HEC–RAS-based simulated flood extent. The optimized n values for rivers and floodplains were 0.055 and 0.06, respectively, with significant satisfaction of statistical parameters, indicating good agreement between simulated and observed flood extents. The HEC–RAS v5 model integrated with satellite imagery can be further used for early flood warnings in the central part of the Indus River basin.
Features of diagnosis and treatment of multiple myeloma
Authors:   Regional Clinical Hospital, Krasnoyarsk, Natanson M. A.
Published: September 2022

Multiple myeloma is a variant of chronic lymphoblastic leukemia in which there is an uncontrolled formation of plasma cells due to DNA mutation of B lymphocytes with their subsequent colonization in bone tissue. Increased production of immunoglobulins by plasma cells leads to the disruption of the immune system, and damage to bone tissue causes persistent bone pain and frequent bone destruction. Since the produced pathological immunoglobulins are metabolized by the kidneys, one of the clinical manifestations of the disease is renal amyloidosis. Nonspecific clinical symptoms of multiple myeloma also include peripheral neuropathy, spinal cord compression syndrome, and anemia. The disease is quite rare; it is detected mainly in elderly age, and there is some prevalence of this pathology in people of the Negroid race. The origin of the disease remains not fully understood; a number of authors tend to believe that it is based on a genetic predisposition and possible influence of radiation. Diagnosis of multiple myeloma is based on the detection of an increased content of plasma cells and the detection of pathological immunoglobulins. The disease is considered incurable; symptomatic treatment is aimed at decreasing the production of plasma cells and reducing their production of protein substances.
Russian obstetrician, gynecologist and medical historian Wilhelm Mikhailovich Richter
Authors:   Orenburg State Medical University, Kaspruk L. I.
Published: September 2022

July 27, 2022 marks the two hundredth anniversary of the death of honored professor Wilhelm Mikhailovich Richter (1767-1822), obstetrician, Russian historian of medicine, and a founder of the Midwifery Institute at the Moscow Imperial Orphanage with a maternity hospital at the Moscow University. W. M. Richter introduced the course of study «Diseases of Women and Newborns». He is the creator of the very first clinical school of obstetricians and gynecologists in Russia. In the period of 1790–1819, as a professor of the Department of Midwifery at the Moscow University, he made a significant contribution to the development and improvement of the history of medicine: he is the author of a key fundamental Russian work «The History of Medicine in Russia», published in three volumes in two languages — Russian and German. Wilhelm Mikhailovich Richter acted as president of the Physico-Medical Society. He also was a publisher of the Medical-Physical Journal.
Significance of the glycation process in the development and progression of diabetic osteoarthropathy (DOAP)
Authors:   FSBEI HE Dagestan State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Arslanbekova A. C. , Kamalov K. G. ,   FSBEI HE Dagestan State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Zerbalieva S. A. ,   FSBEI HE Dagestan State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Omarova N. K. ,   FSBEI HE Dagestan State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Ramazanova Z. D. ,   FSBEI HE Dagestan State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia
Published: September 2022

Diabetic osteoarthropathy (DOAP) is an extremely rare complication of diabetes mellitus, which is diagnosed in the subacute phase, when degenerative changes have already begun. Inadequate treatment due to an incorrect diagnosis leads to serious consequences for the patient. The complexity of diagnosing lies in the fact that a patient with this problem does not turn to a specialist in the «Diabetic Foot» office, but to various specialists: surgeons, orthopedists, physiotherapists. There is a problem in diagnosing this complication in the absence of uniform protocols and interpretation of specialists’ conclusions, technical means of modern diagnostics, and trained specialists. There is insufficient information about the effect of the glycation process on the DOAP development, although the glycation process causes neuropathy, which is a DOAP precursor. The complexity of diagnosing DOAP also lies in the fact that this pathology occurs not only in patients with diabetes mellitus, although statistically a higher percentage of diabetes patients have the disease. Therefore, DOAP is most often associated with diabetes mellitus. DOAP is a complex pathology that deprives the patient of the opportunity to lead a normal life, limits his/her freedom of movement, and leads to complete disability.
Current state of ichthyofaauna and prospects for fishing use of lake Ak-School of Zharma district of east Kazakhstan region
Authors:   Altay branch LLP “Fisheries Research and Production Center”, Kazakhstan, Ust’- Kamenogorsk, Kasymkhanov A.M.
Published: September 2022

The research work was carried out in the spring period in May 2022. The article deals with the formation of the fish population and the study of the current state of commercial fish species in the Ak-School lake located in the Zharma district of the East Kazakhstan region for the subsequent effective development of fish farming. As a result of the work carried out, 4 species — roach, perch, tench, pike. Modern data were obtained on the main biological indicators of fish, such as body length, body weight and sex ratio. According to the results of the research work, the prospects of economic use of the studied reservoir are indicated. For Lake Ak-Shkola, the recommended species for cultivation is carp carp in a polyculture with white cupid and white carp by intensive cultivation method. The research work was carried out within the framework of the project “Development and implementation of effective biotechnical techniques for conducting commercial fish farming in various regions of Kazakhstan”, under the scientific and technical program “Scientific and technological support for the integrated development of aquaculture in Kazakhstan through the development and implementation of innovative technologies and new fish farming facilities”, under the section “Development and implementation effective biotechnical methods of conducting lake-commercial fish farming in the East Kazakhstan region” (hereinafter the project). The study is funded by the Ministry of Ecology, Geology and Natural Resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan (IRN — BR10264236).
Trabajo infantil en el contexto de la migración interna: Evidencia para niños inmigrantes en México
Authors: García Andrés Adelaido , Caamal Olvera Cinthya G. , Olivera Martínez Grissel
Published: September 2022

El presente estudio explora la interrelación entre la migración interna de los hogares y el trabajo infantil en México. La estrategia empírica considera el efecto endógeno de estas dos decisiones y los factores no observables. Los efectos marginales se obtienen de un modelo probabilístico bivariado recursivo. Los resultados indican que los niños de hogares migrantes tienen una mayor probabilidad de trabajar en comparación con los niños de hogares no migrantes. Esta probabilidad aumenta con la edad y es mayor en los hombres que en las mujeres. Asimismo, se encuentra una mayor probabilidad de trabajo infantil en los hogares en donde el padre se encuentra ausente. Por último, se concluye que los niños de hogares migrantes tienen un nivel de escolaridad mayor con respecto a los niños de hogares no migrantes, además de que trabajan jornadas laborales más amplias en actividades de trabajo remunerado.
Una prueba de hipótesis de la curva ambiental de Kuznets para residuos sólidos urbanos en México, 1992-2018
Authors: Ceballos Pérez Sergio Gabriel , Flores Xolocotzi Ramiro
Published: September 2022

Se realizó una prueba de la hipótesis de la Curva de Kuznets para residuos sólidos urbanos per cápita en México, considerando información estatal de 1992 a 2018. Para ello, se emplearon datos de panel y se ajustaron modelos por efectos aleatorios, efectos fijos, mínimos cuadrados generalizados factibles y regresión Prais-Winsten. Se consideraron como variables independientes el Producto Interno Bruto, la densidad poblacional, regionalización y año en que cambió el responsable gubernamental de la medición de residuos sólidos. Los resultados obtenidos sustentan estadísticamente una Curva de Kuznets para residuos sólidos urbanos en el periodo mencionado. Sin embargo, también se identificó que 24 estados se encuentran aún en la fase ascendente de la curva, por lo que no se puede asegurar que lleguen al punto de inflexión a menos que se lleven a cabo las políticas públicas adecuadas. Por su parte, se requiere de mayor investigación para contrastar la hipótesis considerando datos a nivel municipal/ciudad, e incluir como variables reformas a las leyes para la reducción de residuos, sitios de disposición final, educación ambiental, impuestos a la generación de residuos, industrias generadoras de determinados residuos y políticas ambientales sobre residuos, las cuales proporcionen mayor evidencia de dicha curva.
STAGES AND ARCHITECTURAL STYLES IN DESIGN AND BUILDING OF SHELLS AND SHELL STRUCTURES
Authors:   Engineering Academy of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, KRIVOSHAPKO S.N. , A. BOCK HYENG CHRISTIAN ,   North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, MATHIEU GIL-OULBE ,   Engineering Academy of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia
Published: September 2022

In a paper, architectural styles, constructive solutions, information on the history of appearance of structural building materials are briefly set forth and the stages of passion of thin-walled space large-span erections are analyzed. Particular attention is given to establishment of the exact dates in the chronology of appearance of styles, constructive solutions, and in the dates of erection of the first shells of corresponding styles and their authors. Elicit reasons of destructions of some well-known space structures are described and the influence of these destructions and damages for the subsequent designing and building of analogous type is analyzed. It is adduced, in general, positive views of noted architects on the role of shell structures in industrial, public, and civil building at present time. On the basis of the manuscripts published in specialized editions, varieties of points of view of architects to designing space structures are characterized. It was shown that interest of designers and architects in designing of shells in the form of analytically non-given surfaces, polyhedrons, and hipped plate structures is intensively extending. At present, bar metal architecture obtained subsequent development and came to be competitor for reinforcement concrete. In the XXI century, steel net and structural shells are the main means of forming vanguard buildings. Now, architects and structural engineers have wide potential in the selection of form, building material, methods of strength analysis, constructive solutions, styles, and examples of application of large-span thin-walled shell structures. All conclusions of the present work are corroborated by the results of researches containing in 54 references.
DETERMINATION OF THE DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF STRUCTURAL MATERIALS BASED ON THE RESULTS OF MODEL TESTS
Authors:   Research Institute of Building Physics (NIISF RAASN), SMIRNOV V.A. ,   National Research Moscow University of Civil Engineering
Published: September 2022

The paper studies methods for obtaining dynamic characteristics (dynamic modulus of elasticity, loss coefficient) of structural materials, such as concretes and cement mortars, based on the results of experimental modal analysis. Closed expressions for determining the loss coefficient of mechanical vibrations are presented, obtained from solving differential equations of vibrations of single-mass systems, which are caused by vibrations of extended structures in the first forms. The procedure of modal analysis of short beams made of test samples of structural materials is presented. The procedure for calculating the natural frequencies of the first forms of vibration of beams is presented. Based on the solution of the equation, a formula is presented for determining the damping coefficients and the dynamic modulus of elasticity of the beam material.
PREDICTING THЕ DURABILITY OF CONCRETE STRUCTURES WITH REGARD TO MASS TRANSFER AND PORE COLMATATIONS DURING CORROSION
Authors:   NRU «Moscow State University of Civil Engineering», FEDOSOV S.V. , FEDOSEEV V.N. ,   Ivanovo State Polytechnic University, RAZGOVOROV P.B. ,   Yaroslavl State Technical University, LOGINOVA S.A. ,   Yaroslavl State Technical University
Published: September 2022

The object of research is the corrosion process of destruction of concrete and reinforced concrete structures in aggressive media. The purpose of the investigation is to establish a set of relationships and ratio between the characteristics of this process and various external and internal factors that affect the growth of corrosion. To solve the tasks set on the basis of the obtained experimental data, the method of mathematical modeling of corrosion processes was applied. The theories of physical and chemical transformations and heat and mass transfer laws suggest that different stages of corrosion can be simulated by differential equations of interrelated heat and mass transfer with boundary conditions. They are defined by arbitrary functions of initial transfer potentials and nonlinear boundary conditions of all known types. The possibilities of developed physical and mathematical models of mass transfer in the processes of studying corrosion of various types are demonstrated. They allow to evaluate the concentration of the transported component throughout the thickness of the concrete structure and in the biofilm itself at any time, as well as the concentration of "free" calcium hydroxide in the liquid phase. As a result, it is succeeded to predict the durability and reliability of concrete structures with a minimum error. The proposed author's model of the destruction of cement concretes, taking into account the colmatation of pores and capillaries, ensures the adequacy of judgments about the kinetics of mass transfer processes during corrosion of the II type.
Structure élémentaire de l’arganeraie Argania spinosa L. Skeels de Tindouf (Sahara occidental algérien) / Elementary structure of the argan forest Argania spinosa L. Skeels of Tindouf (Algerian western Sahara)
Authors: Kechairi Réda
Published: September 2022

The argan tree is well adapted to drought conditions in Algerian western Sahara. The argan forest of Tindouf has a structure of coppice on stumps, characterized by an average height of 4.7m. Regeneration by dense resprouts represents 43% for 1,192 inventoried trees. The mother trees of Argania spinosa have a significant potential to resprout in coppice or suckers, thus forming crowns around mounds on beds of wadis. It should be noted that 21% of the trees are damaged by illegal cutting. The average spacing between the trees is around 13m. The argan tree retains a large volume of soil input with an average of 23.6 ± 36.3m3/ stump in the form of mounds. Linear regression analysis revealed an increasing relationship between mound volume and the number of stems per stump. Thanks to its powerful root system, the argan tree accumulates additional soil and contributes to the slow mechanism of sedimentation of micro-horizons, constituting mounds around the feet of trees.
ENGLISH POLYSEMANTIC IDIOMS NAMING VIOLENCE
Authors: Sultanova A.
Published: September 2022

Phraseology, being the most expressive part of the language system, accumulates and reflects real or imaginary situations as experiences of a nation, and reveals the peculiarities of the cultural and historical development of a nation. The article describes English polysemantic phraseological units denoting violent actions, and also examines aspects of the formation of these phraseological units, namely the prototypical situations as their source. The article analyzes the role of the components of phraseological units in the formation of their meanings related to the theme of «Violence».
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATIONS: CONSTRUCTION OF THE «ENEMY IMAGE» IN HISTORICAL COMPUTER GAMES
Authors: Smirnova N.
Published: September 2022

This article analyzes the specifics of creating and broadcasting the «enemy image» based on computer historical games. The virtual world of computer games, broadcasting the image of reality, at the same time, becomes the constructor of this reality. To characterize the subject's involvement in virtual gaming practices, the assimilation of political programs, the concept of «Homo VideoGamer» is used. In connection with the aggravation of the international situation, the analysis of the specifics of the construction of the «enemy image» in historical video games is updated. It is noted that the «image of the enemy» is broadcast in the context of wars, where the enemy appears to be capable of destructive actions. The construction of the “enemy image” occurs through dehumanization, expressed in rhetorical methods. There are two ways of broadcasting the «enemy image»: the creation of stereotypical geopolitical concepts; broadcasting implicit political and ideological messages.
THE CAUSES OF THE CIVIL WAR IN THE SOVIET HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE CENTRAL BLACK EARTH REGION (1920-s – 1970-s)
Authors: Razinkov M.
Published: September 2022

Despite the fact that the study of the civil war was the most important area of interest for Soviet historical science, the causes of the civil war in the Black Earth region were insufficiently understood. The main provisions on the causes of the war were formulated as early as the 1920s-1930s and did not develop further. The content of the civil confrontation in the Black Earth region was considered the class struggle against the kulaks, who found political and military-organizational support from the Socialist-Revolutionaries of all shades, the Mensheviks, as well as officers and non-commissioned officers who spoke out in defense of their land ownership and against the food policy of the Soviet government. At the same time, the position that the internal war, due to local, regional reasons, in the Black Earth region began only in 1920-1921 also turned out to be unreflected.
VIOLENCE, POWER AND FOOD TAXES IN VORONEZH PROVINCE IN 1918-1922
Authors: Zverkov E.
Published: September 2022

Abstract: the work is devoted to the problem of the use of violence by state organizations in rural areas in 1918-1922.
AGGRESSION AS A PROBLEM OF THEORY AND PRACTICE OF TECHNOGENIC CIVILIZATION
Authors: Maslov V.
Published: September 2022

«Aggression» – absorbing all the most destructive things in human activity – is the most important problem of the philosophy and theory of technogenic civilization generated by intensive scientific and technological development. The perspective of the theory of technogenic civilization requires the broadest definition of «aggression». There are three areas of technogenic actualization of the problems of aggression: universal, social, individual. In social terms, special attention is drawn to the transition from a unipolar to a multipolar world, which increases the risks of various disasters and reduces the chances of democracy. On an individual plan, the problems of virtual aggression are becoming more acute and the position of eugenics is becoming stronger. The actualization of the topic of aggression in the theory of technogenic civilization once again emphasizes the need to develop the practice of post-technogenic civilization.
L.N. TOLSTOY ON THE METHOD OF RESISTING AGGRESSION IN THE HUMAN LIVING SPACE AND IN THE SOCIAL SPHERE
Authors: Gorchakova E.
Published: September 2022

Abstract: the article talks about the central idea of Leo Tolstoy's religious, philosophical and artistic heritage – the need for human self-improvement in the direction of love for God and acceptance of His will as the only way available to everyone living on earth to resist aggression in human living space and in the social sphere, a means to make life better.
TERRORISM AS A MODERN FORM OF AGGRESSION: TO THE THEORY OF THE QUESTION
Authors: Popova M. , Efimova L.
Published: September 2022

This article considers such a negative phenomenon of our time as terrorism, its definition is given, the reasons are briefly stated, the classification of this type of aggression on various grounds is presented in more detail. The most common types of terrorism are identified, which include political, nationalist, international, state and religious terrorism. In addition, "air" and criminal types of aggression pose a great danger. Some of the mareillu mare illustrated with examples.
Dzieje parafii unickiej pw. św. Michała w Łosińcu do 1875 roku
Authors: FRYKOWSKI Janusz Adam
Published: September 2022

The introduction of the article contains the parish geographical location, its size and the place within the Church hierarchical structure. Having analyzed post- visit inspection protocols by Chelm Bishops as well as statistical specifications the look, fittings and ancillary equipment of the parish church and its affiliated churches was recounted. As far as possible the look of vicarage and ancillary buildings was introduced as well. Not only was the list of 19 clergy recreated but also the Orthodox church benefice was defined. The other part render the number of worshipers as well as the number of Holy Communion receivers.
LEARNERS TYPOLOGY: LANGUAGE ACQUIRERS VS LANGUAGE LEARNERS
Authors: Igolkina N.
Published: September 2022

Krashen’s Monitor Model has been arousing considerable debates for many years and learningacquisition distinction described by the author has become the subject of criticism from both researchers and teachers. But the controversy which is revealed in the Monitor Model and in the follow up literature is not resolved yet. Moreover, scholars and language teachers provide ample justification to foster this hot discussion. We have carried out literature study, introspective and retrospective analysis to examine our own experience as a teacher and as a language learner, and have studied cases described by many other language teachers in a number of teachers’ forums from 15 professional network groups. It is shown that individual learner differences are the key factor which should be taken into consideration when describing the process of second or foreign language mastering. Language learning and language acquisition should not be opposed to each other as they present different means of developing language skills used by different learners. As a result, some learners demonstrate process of language learning characterised by careful grammar rule studying and benefit from error correction, while others develop language skill through subconscious acquisition. Thus, we state that learners fall into two types: language learners and language acquirers whose individual differences predetermine the way learners study the language. The type of a leaner defines the peculiarity of language skill development.
مخالفات الموظف المالي في أعماله القانونية
Authors: وليد علي , صلاح بان
Published: September 2022

المخالفة المالية لابد من تحديد مفهوم لها لغرض تمييز هذا المفهوم عما قد يشتبه به من مصطلحات اخرى في اطار الوظيفة ومخالفات الموظف المالي التي قد تكون انضباطية او حتى عقابية لذلك تطرقنا في المبحث الاول هنا في بحثنا عن بيان مفهوم المخالفة المالية في جانب التشريع في كل من مصر والعراق اضافة الى التطرق الى الجانب الفقهي في الدولتين اعلاه ومدى تطرق الفقهاء المختصين في بيان المخالفات المالية او حتى ابراز الصور التي من الممكن اعتبار ان المخالفة التي ارتكبت من قبل الموظف المالي تندرج تحت اطار المخالفة المالية, اما في المبحث الثاني فقد تطرقنا فيه لبيان المخالفات المالية في اطار العمل القانوني الذي تأتيه الادارة قاصدة احداث اثر قانوني سواء بانشاء مركز قانوني او الغاءه او حتى تعديل المركز القانوني, ولكون بحثنا ينحصر في اطار بيان المخالفات المالية المرتكبة من قبل الموظف المالي في مجال الوظيفة فقد تطرقنا في لبيان المخالفات في نطاق اصدار امرا بالصرف من قبل الموظف المالي صاحب السلطة الذي قد يكون على سبيل المثال (الوزير او المدير العام) مرورا بعملية الصرف الفعلي المنفذه من قبل (المحاسب)على سبيل المثال, اما المطلب الاخير فقد تطرقنا فيه لبيان المخالفات المالية المرتكبة من قبل الموظف المالي في مجال العقود الحكومية من حيث وسيلة التعاقد والتنفيذ.
وسائل دفع المسؤولية الإدارية عن مرفق الطاقة الكهربائية
Authors: محمد لقاء , مرزة وليد
Published: September 2022

يتحدد نطاق مسؤولية مرفق الطاقة الكهربائية عن أخطاء موظفيه بإعتبارهم تابعين له وخاضعين لسيطرته وتوجيهه, وكذلك عن الأشياء التابعة له المتصفة بكونها آلات ميكانيكية أو أشياء خطرة تتطلب عناية خاصة, ويمكن نفي المسؤولية القائمة بالإستناد إلى عدد من الوسائل يلجأ إليها المدعى عليه, كان القانون قد منحها له من أجل مقتضيات العدالة ولجأ إليها القضاء في كثير من الأحكام الصادرة عنه تحقيقاً لمبدأ الإنصاف. ويعد نفي الخطأ أهم هذه الوسائل التي يمكن لمرفق الطاقة الكهربائية اللجوء إليه في دفع المسؤولية القائمة طبقاً للمادة (219) من القانون المدني العراقي التي تحكم مسؤولية المتبوع عن أعمال تابعه, أما وسائل دفع المسؤولية القائمة بسبب الأشياء والتي مؤداها الخطأ المفترض في الحراسة وفق ما نصت عليه المادة (231) مدني عراقي فتمثلت بإثبات السبب الأجنبي الذي يقطع العلاقة السببية من خلال وجود حالة القوة القاهرة أو كان الضرر سببه خطأ المضرور وحده أو إرجاعه إلى فعل الغير .
شروط ممارسة الاختصاص الشامل
Authors: سامي كمال , سامي صباح
Published: September 2022

إن ممارسة الاختصاص الشامل يتطلب وجود نصوص تشريعية على صعيد القانون الوطني، وإذا كان المبدأ القانوني – بصورة عامة- محل إجماع دولي، فهذا الأمر لا يمنع من تنظيمه على وفق نصوص تشريعية داخلية تضمن للمحاكم الوطنية تطبيقه، فتجاوز الأطر الفلسفية والنظرية لأي مبدأ يكون من خلال الأخذ به وإدخاله ضمن النصوص التشريعية للقوانين الداخلية، والأمر ينطبق على مبدأ الاختصاص الشامل.

          ولقد تناولنا في هذا البحث المعنون (شروط ممارسة الاختصاص الشامل: دراسة مقارنة) شروط ممارسة الاختصاص الشامل بشقيها الشخصية والموضوعية في قانون العقوبات العراقي وقوانين الدول محل المقارنة.
استظهار المصلحة المعتبرة في طرق الطعن بالأحكام الجزائية
Authors: عباس ايمان , عبدالله كاظم
Published: September 2022

طرق الطعن بالاحكام الجزائية هي : هي الرخصة المقررة لإطراف الدعوى لتشخيص عيوب الحكم الصادر فيها، والمطالبة لدى القضاء المختص بإلغائه او تعديله على الوجه الذي يزيل عنه تلك العيوب ، اختلفت التشريعات الجزائية في إمكانية الطعن في الأحكام الجزائية ؛ فقد سلك المشرع الجزائي العراقي طريقًا مغايرًا في طرق الطعن في الأحكام الجزائية غير الطريق الذي سلكته معظم التشريعات الجزائية المقارنة، فبعد حلول قانون أصول المحاكمات الجزائية رقم (23) لسنة (1971) ، وتأسيساً على الأحكام الخاصة بطرق الطعن في القانون المذكور سلفًا، نجد أنه قد انفرد عن التشريعات المقارنة بما يلي:

أولاً: بإلغاء الاستئناف؛ كطريق من طرق الطعن العادية في الأحكام الجزائية.

ثانياً: إقرار طريق جديد لم تقرره التشريعات المقارنة وهو الطعن بتصحيح القرار التمييزي.

حاصل القول إذن؛ أن طرق الطعن في الأحكام الجزائية في القانون العراقي هي: الطرق العادية المتمثلة في الاعتراض على الحكم الغيابي ، والطرق غير العادية المتمثلة في التمييز، تصحيح القرار التمييزي، إعادة المحاكمة ، وفي بالمقابل، نجد أن المشرع الجنائي المصري قد قسم طرق الطعن في الأحكام الجزائية إلى طرق عادية. وأخرى غير عادية ، وغني عن البيان القول بأن الطاعن يجب أن يكون خصمًا في الدعوى، وله مصلحة في رفع الطعن.
المعالجات الجزائية للألعاب المحرضة على العنف في القانون العراقي
Authors: حافظ عبدالحليم , الاميري سامر
Published: September 2022

ان ظاهرة الالعاب المحرضة على العنف اصبحت منتشرة في الاسواق بشكل واسع الذي يعزو الى ضعف القوانين والانظمة والتعليمات المطبقة بحق المتاجرين وبالتالي انعدام التطبيقات القضائية ، ولخطورة التوجه الكبير لهذه الألعاب ، كما ان البحث في هذا الموضوع  وتحديد مسؤولية المتاجر بهذه الالعاب يجعل الدولة أكثر تحكما في هذه الظاهرة وتساعد على  الحد من انتشارها ومن ثم تخفيف حدة العنف السائد في المجتمع والذي تعد الالعاب من اهم مصادره، إن الانتشار الملفت لهذه الالعاب بدأ يثير من قبل المربين وعلماء النفس وعلماء الاجتماع حول آثارها سواء النفسية منها أم الاجتماعية وأصبح هذا الموضوع مثار جدل قائم في المجتمع ، فالألعاب  ليست تسلية بريئة بل هي وسيلة إعلامية تتضمن رسائل يهدف المرسل من خلالها إلى تحقيق أهداف وغايات ثقافية وسياسية ودينية، فقواعد اللعبة تفرض على اللاعب تقمص الشخصية المفروضة عليه وانغماس في واقع معين من الحرب الفكرية أو العسكرية أو الثقافية أو الأيديولوجية كما تكمن الخطورة أيضا في إمكانية تقريب اللاعب بين الخيال والواقع إلى درجة أنه يحاول تطبيق مضامين هذه الألعاب في حياته اليومية، مما يعني تنميط السلوك على النحو الذي يرغب فيه صانعو هذه الألعاب.
دور المنظمات الدولية في تنفيذ قواعد حماية الرفات البشرية
Authors: محمد سارة , سلام رنا
Published: September 2022

سيتم تسليط الضوء في بحثنا على ابرز الإجراءات المتخذة من قبل المنظمات الدولية في معالجة أبرز آثار النزاع المسلح وعمليات الإبادة الجماعية التي تكون نتيجتها اعداد كبيرة من الجثث واليات البحث عن الرفات البشرية وتحديد الهوية .
Activación de conjuntos habitacionales vulnerables en cuatro principios de habitabilidad sostenible: exterioridad, interioridad, sociabilidad, confortabilidad
Authors: Cabrera Recoba Andrés Javier
Published: September 2022

Los cuatro principios de habitabilidad sostenible: exterioridad, diversidad, sociabilidad y confortabilidad presentados en este trabajo surgen de la observación minuciosa de la realidad de los conjuntos habitacionales vulnerables mediante la aplicación de un método de análisis multiescalar-multitemático (MAM).  El análisis deviene en lecturas y estas en oportunidades que promueven acciones que tienden a transformar favorablemente el universo diario de los habitantes de los conjuntos porque permiten vivir afuera, vivir diferente, vivir con otros y vivir cómodo, unas condiciones tan elementales –humanas– como imprescindibles.La activación de los conjuntos vulnerables es una forma de entender la sostenibilidad urbano-edilicia que potencia el patrimonio residencial construido, apoyada en la idea de la continuidad del proyecto, la preservación de las comunidades y la construcción de la ciudad como un proceso constante y acumulativo. Los microproyectos, que denominamos activadores, son acciones capaces de generar activaciones inmediatas y directas en distintas escalas del conjunto, desde la intimidad de la habitación hasta el barrio. En este sentido, el microproyecto coloca al usuario en el centro, lo hace partícipe y le proporciona condiciones de habitabilidad sostenible.
Morfometria da sub-bacia hidrográfica do ribeirão São Domingos, no município de Muniz Freire (ES)
Authors: Fiorese Caio Henrique Ungarato , Aguilar Tiago Oliveira de
Published: September 2022

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar alguns parâmetros morfométricos da sub-bacia hidrográfica do ribeirão São Domingos (BHRSD), a fim de apoiar melhorias a respeito da conservação dos recursos naturais e contribuir para levantamento da potencialidade a ocorrência de problemas ambientais. Os procedimentos ocorreram no programa ArcGIS®. A BHRSD foi delimitada para, em seguida, serem estimados os parâmetros: área e perímetro, coeficiente de compacidade, fator de forma, índice de circularidade, coeficiente de manutenção, altitude, declividade, índice de rugosidade, comprimento e número dos canais d’água, extensão do percurso superficial e densidades de drenagem e hidrográfica. A BHRSD possui muito baixa susceptibilidade a enchentes e é bem drenada. Cada gota d’água percorre cerca de 180 m até atingir o canal hídrico, favorecendo o escoamento superficial. As elevadas amplitudes altimétrica e clinométrica indicam irregularidades topográficas e potencialidade à erosão, sendo este o principal problema. A manutenção de uma cobertura vegetal mais densa junto com práticas corretas de manejo agropecuário são medidas importantes.
Urban Renewal: A Need to Redefine and Rebuild the Old City Area – Case of Thane, Kalyan-Dombivali and Mira Bhayander
Authors:   Assistant Urban Planner, Techcomm Urban Management Consultants Private Limited, Thane, India., Korde Janhavi Rajeev , Deshmukh Digvijay Sanjay ,   Higher Secondary, Shubham Raje Jr.  College, Thane, India., Pawar Sagar ,   HOD Planning, Techcomm Urban Management Consultants Private Limited, Thane, India.
Published: September 2022

Urban renewal initiatives play an important role in achieving the targets of making human settlements and cities safe, inclusive, resilient and sustainable. Urban Renewal in India is a comprehensive presentation of strategic, technical and theoretical aspects of urban areas. ‘Urban Renewal’ refers redevelopment of urban areas to ensure quality of life, growth of infrastructure, promotion of tourism. The paper describes the tools or approaches for urban renewal namely slum clearance, redevelopment and rehabilitation. To describe the urban renewal scenario in Mumbai Metropolitan Region cases of Thane, Kalyan-Dombivali and Mira Bhayandar are described.
Mesothelioma in a developing country: a retrospective analysis of the diagnostic process
Authors: Henrique Peitl Gregório1 Paulo , Mingarini Terra2 Ricardo , Pontual Lima2 Leonardo , Manuel Pêgo-Fernandes1 Paulo
Published: September 2022

Objective: To evaluate the process of diagnosing patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) at a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This was a retrospective study involving patients referred to a tertiary-care cancer center in Brazil between 2009 and 2020. The diagnostic process was divided into four steps: onset of symptoms, referral to a specialist visit, histopathological diagnosis, and beginning of treatment. The intervals between each phase and the factors for delays were evaluated. Data including clinical status, radiological examinations, staging, treatment modalities, and survival outcomes were collected. Results: During the study period, 66 patients (mean age = 64 years) were diagnosed with MPM and underwent treatment. Only 27 (41%) of the patients had knowledge of prior exposure to asbestos. The median number of months (IQR) between the onset of symptoms and the first specialist visit, between the specialist visit and histopathological characterization, and between definite diagnosis and beginning of treatment was, respectively, 6.5 (2.0-11.4), 1.5 (0.6-2.1), and 1.7 (1.2-3.4). The knowledge of prior asbestos exposure was associated with a shorter time to referral to a specialist (median: 214 vs. 120 days; p = 0.04). A substantial number of nondiagnostic procedures and false-negative biopsy results (the majority of which involved the use of Cope needle biopsy) were found to be decisive factors for the length of waiting time. The mean overall survival was 11.9 months. Conclusions: The unfamiliarity of health professionals with MPM and the patient's lack of knowledge of prior asbestos exposure were the major factors to cause a long time interval between the onset of symptoms and beginning of treatment. An overall survival shorter than 1 year is likely to have been due to the aforementioned delays.
The Association Of Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio And In-Hospital Mortality In Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients: Meta Analysis
Authors: Widyasari Nurul Fajri , Helda Helda , Febriawan Rizki
Published: September 2022

Coronary artery disease, including acute coronary syndrome (ACS), is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a nonspecific marker of inflammation and previous studies have shown that increased NLR is associated with mortality in acute coronary syndrome patients and may act as a prognostic marker. The aim of this study was to assess the association of NLR and in-hospital mortality in ACS patients. The method used in this study was, Literature search was carried out using the Ebsco, Embasse, Nature, Proquest, PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus databases until March 2022 to find an observational cohort study that assessed the association of NLR and in-hospital mortality in ACS patients. A systematic review of published studies following the preferred reporting items for systematic review and guideline meta-analysis (PRISMA) was conducted. Study quality was assessed with the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) and only high quality studies were included in this meta-analysis. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality and the effect was measured in Risk Ratio (RR) and 95% CI. Conclusion: A high NLR increases the risk of in-hospital death in acute coronary syndrome patients. Further studies in large settings are needed to assess the NLR threshold values ​​that can predict in-hospital mortality in acute coronary syndrome patients
The Role of Brand Image, Promotion, Price there is Trust, and Purchasing Decisions towards the Loyalty of Private Label Products of the traditional retail industry in Nunukan North Kalimantan
Authors: Mardiana Mardiana , Nuryakin Nuryakin
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this research is to examine, the effect of brand image, promotion, and price on trust, and purchasing decisions, the effect of trust on purchasing decisions, and customer loyalty, and the effect of purchasing decisions on loyalty. In this study, private-label brands in the retail industry in Yogyakarta are objects and the people of Yogyakarta are subjects with the minimum criteria for purchasing private labels three times. The sample is 272 respondents. The analytical tool used is SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) which is operated through the AMOS program. Sampling was carried out using a multistage random sampling technique. Furthermore, data collection is carried out by distributing questionnaires through a google form.  The SEM method used in this study is the estimation of maximum probability and is used as a one-step approach in modeling the SEM approach. Descriptive statistical analysis and Cronbach’s alpha were performed with SPSS 21. SEM analysis was performed using the AMOS program. These results indicate that there is a positive and significant influence between Brand Image, Promotion, and Price on Trust and Purchase decisions. Trust has a positive and significant effect on Purchase Decisions and Loyalty, Purchase Decisions have a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty.
The Influence of Transformational Leadership Style to Nurse Job Satisfaction and Performance in Hospital
Authors: Wijayanti Kusumaningrum , Aini Qurratul
Published: September 2022

The complexity of today's healthcare system challenges hospitals to provide safe, patient-oriented, and cost-effective services. Leadership style in an organization is one factor that plays an essential role in increasing or slowing down the interest and commitment of individuals in the organization. The transformational leadership style emphasizes moral principles, cooperation, and community together united in the privilege of human ethics. Job satisfaction of nurses is expected to improve their performance to create full service to patients. This literature review aims to determine the effect of transformational leadership style on job satisfaction and performance of hospital nurses.  The method in this study is a literature review by searching for articles through the Ebscohost, Science direct, and Proquest electronic databases published from 2016-2021 and meeting the inclusion criteria. The review process uses the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results: The results of this review obtained nine articles showing that the transformational leadership style has a positive influence on job satisfaction. Five reports show that leadership positively affects nurse performance in hospitals. Transformational leadership style influences job satisfaction and nurse performance in hospitals. Transformational leadership has more influence on nurse performance than transactional leadership in public hospitals. Nurses' job satisfaction is influenced by opportunity, structural empowerment, job attachment, work environment, and stress. At the same time, nurse performance is influenced by organizational commitment, employee empowerment, workload, motivation, stress, psychological safety, work attachment, and work environment.
Notary Liability in Criminal Acts of Fraud Based on a Power of Buying Deed
Authors: Panduwinata Poppy Agustina , Purwadi Hary , Novianto Widodo Tresno
Published: September 2022

The aims of this study are as follows: a) To find out the violations committed by the notary in this case fulfill the elements of a criminal act of fraud as in determining Article 378 of the Criminal Code regarding fraud; b) To find out the basis for the consideration of the reviewing judge (PK) in deciding that the case is in accordance with the duties and authorities of a notary as regulated in the Law on Notary Positions. The method used in this research is the doctrinal method (doctrinal research) with secondary data sources. That the facts of the trial of Decision Number 20 PK/Pid/2020 state that the notary commits a criminal act of fraud as referred to in Article 378 of the Criminal Code does not meet the following elements: a) The objective element (element of the act committed) and b) Subjective element (element of intent or purpose). ) which consists of benefiting personally or others and violating the law. The judge in his consideration stated that there was negligence of the Defendant in the process of making the power of attorney for the deed of sale and purchase between the witnesses, then the settlement was administratively. Freeing a notary based on the fraudulent sale and purchase deed according to legal facts, regarding the loss of victim witness Marhendro Anton Inggriyono who was harmed by witness Gunawan Priambodo who did not perform his/her obligations or defaults, it turned out that the Defendant was being processed by criminal law, even though according to the facts of the trial, he did not receive any profit from the transaction of making a power of attorney deed of sale and purchase of land at Paradise Loft.
Juridical Analysis Of The Establishment Of Land Bank As An Agrarian Conflict Settlement
Authors: Kinanthi Sihutami Veronica , Imanullah Moch.Najib , Suraji Suraji
Published: September 2022

Agrarian conflicts can occur between individuals and individuals or individuals with groups or business entities as well as with the government. Throughout 2020, there were 241 cases of agrarian conflict found. The existence of the Job Creation Law which also regulates land contains provisions for the existence of a Land Bank as an institution that can shelter abandoned lands of the state to be used for the prosperity of the people. In fact, a number of problems were found regarding the existence of this Land Bank which tends not to be able to bridge agrarian conflicts between parties. This study aims to describe how ineffective the Land Bank is in resolving agrarian conflicts. This research is a normative legal research with a qualitative approach. The results showed that the existence of a Land Bank with a non-profit principle actually benefited the private sector who wanted to use the land through the Land Bank. The absence of a Government Regulation concerning Land Bank also means that this institution does not yet have a legal umbrella to run. Utilization of abandoned land that can be taken by the state just like that is also considered to be impartial to the existence of farmers as small people, then it was found. in the control of a Land Bank, the benefits can be enforced and used in accordance with the actual procedure
Türkiye’de Okul Öncesi Eğitim Politikaları ve Yeni Politika Önerileri
Authors: ULUS Leyla , ÇETİN Murat
Published: September 2022

21. yüzyıl, başlangıcından itibaren insanoğlunun geçirdiği üç büyük devrimden sonuncusu olan Bilgi Çağı’nın tüm dünyada etkilerini hissettirmeye başladığı bir dönemi de temsil etmektedir. Bu yeni döneme uyum/geçiş ihtiyacı eğitim politikalarının ve özellikle de eğitimin önemini daha da altını çizmiş; Bilgi Çağı’nın gereklerine göre yeniden dizaynını zorunlu kılmıştır. Okul öncesi dönemin insan gelişiminin ve eğitiminin en önemli yılları olduğu her geçen gün yeni araştırmalarla ortaya çıkmış, ülkelerin okul öncesi eğitim politikalarına verdikleri önem her geçen gün artmıştır. Ancak bu gelişmelere rağmen Türkiye’de okul öncesi eğitimde bütüncül ve etkili politikaların geliştirilmesi mümkün olmamıştır. Bu çalışmada, eğitimin ilk ve en önemli basamağı olan okul öncesi eğitimin Türkiye’deki durumu geçmişten günümüze incelenerek, yeni çağın da gerekleri ışığında politika önerilerine yer verilecektir.