bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A deep learning-based reconstruction approach for accelerated magnetic resonance image of the knee with compressed sense: evaluation in healthy volunteers
Authors: Iuga Andra-Iza , Rauen Philip Santiago , Siedek Florian , Große-Hokamp Nils , Sonnabend Kristina , Maintz David , Lennartz Simon , Bratke Grischa
Published: April 2023

Objectives:

To evaluate the feasibility of combining compressed sense (CS) with a newly developed deep learning-based algorithm (CS-AI) using convolutional neural networks to accelerate 2D MRI of the knee.

Methods:

In this prospective study, 20 healthy volunteers were scanned with a 3T MRI scanner. All subjects received a fat-saturated sagittal 2D proton density reference sequence without acceleration and four additional acquisitions with different acceleration levels: 2, 3, 4 and 6. All sequences were reconstructed with the conventional CS and a new CS-AI algorithm. Two independent, blinded readers rated all images by seven criteria (overall image impression, visible artifacts, delineation of anterior ligament, posterior ligament, menisci, cartilage, and bone) using a 5-point Likert scale. Signal- and contrast-to-noise ratios were calculated. Subjective ratings and quantitative metrics were compared between CS and CS-AI with similar acceleration levels and between all CS/CS-AI images and the non-accelerated reference sequence. Friedman and Dunn´s multiple comparison tests were used for subjective, ANOVA and the Tukey Kramer test for quantitative metrics.

Results:

Conventional CS images at the lowest acceleration level (CS2) were already rated significantly lower than reference for 6/7 criteria. CS-AI images maintained similar image quality to the reference up to CS-AI three for all criteria, which would allow for a reduction in scan time of 64% with unchanged image quality compared to the unaccelerated sequence. SNR and CNR were significantly higher for all CS-AI reconstructions compared to CS (all p < 0.05).

Conclusions

AI-based image reconstruction showed higher image quality than CS for 2D knee imaging. Its implementation in the clinical routine yields the potential for faster MRI acquisition but needs further validation in non-healthy study subjects.

Advances in knowledge

Combining compressed SENSE with a newly developed deep learning-based algorithm using convolutional neural networks allows a 64% reduction in scan time for 2D imaging of the knee. Implementation of the new deep learning-based algorithm in clinical routine in near future should enable better image quality/resolution with constant scan time, or reduced acquisition times while maintaining diagnostic quality.
Adipopenia in body composition analysis: a promising imaging biomarker and potential predictive factor for patients undergoing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt placement
Authors: Alatzides Georgios Luca , Haubold Johannes , Steinberg Hannah Luisa , Koitka Sven , Parmar Vicky , Grueneisen Johannes , Zeller Amos Cornelius , Schmidt Hartmut , Theysohn Jens Matthias , Li Yan , Nensa Felix , Schaarschmidt Benedikt Michael
Published: April 2023

Objective:

Body tissue composition plays a crucial role in the multisystemic processes of advanced liver disease and has been shown to be influenced by transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). A differentiated analysis of the various tissue compartments has not been performed until now. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of imaging biomarkers derived from automated body composition analysis (BCA) to predict clinical and functional outcome.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis of 56 patients undergoing TIPS procedure between 2013 and 2021 was performed. BCA on the base of pre-interventional CT examination was used to determine quantitative data as well as ratios of bone, muscle and fat masses. Furthermore, a BCA-derived sarcopenia marker was investigated. Regarding potential correlations between BCA imaging biomarkers and the occurrence of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) as well as 1-year survival, an exploratory analysis was conducted.

Results:

No BCA imaging biomarker was associated with the occurrence of HE after TIPS placement. However, there were significant differences in alive and deceased patients regarding the BCA-derived sarcopenia marker (alive: 1.60, deceased: 1.83, p = 0.046), ratios of intra- and intermuscular fat/skeletal volume (alive: 0.53, deceased: 0.31, p = 0.015) and intra- and intermuscular fat/muscle volume (alive: 0.21, deceased: 0.14, p = 0.031).

Conclusion:

A lower amount of intra- and intermuscular adipose tissue might have protective effects regarding liver derived complications and survival.

Advances in knowledge:

Precise characterization of body tissue components with automated BCA might provide prognostic information in patients with advanced liver disease undergoing TIPS procedure.
The dosimetric underpinning of bladder filling criteria for prostate image-guided volumetric modulated arc therapy
Authors: Kong Vickie , Dang Jennifer , Wan Vanessa , Rosewall Tara
Published: April 2023

Objectives:

Repeated CT simulation imaging is common at our institution due to failure to achieve acceptable bladder filling in patients undergoing prostate radiotherapy. There is operational value in re-assessing the validity of the bladder filling assessment criteria by comparing the quality of two plans optimized based on either an “Accepted” or “Rejected” bladder status.

Methods:

Twenty prostate patients with repeated CT simulation imaging were included. For each patient, a VMAT plan created using the “Rejected” bladder was compared with the “Accepted” bladder plan. Then, delivered dose to bladder was estimated using ≥4 CBCTs to measure number of fractions with major bladderdose violation (>5% difference) for both plans. Bladder heights of fractions without major bladder dose violations were compared to those with a violation to determine a threshold height for bladder filling acceptability.

Results:

Using the “Accepted” bladder plans for treatment resulted in 30/175 fractions with major dose violations. These 30 bladders were significantly shorter than those without major violation (mean 28 vs 43mm, p < 0.05). The “Rejected” bladder plans delivered a lower dose to the bladder by ≥5% than the ‘“Accepted” bladder plans in 59% of fractions, and the number of fractions with major dose violations was 17.

Conclusions:

Using a shorter bladder for plan optimization resulted in better bladder sparing during treatment and improved compliance to protocol specific bladder dose constraints. A bladder height range of 20–40 mm measured between the bladder dome and the superior aspect of the symphysis pubis is recommended for prostate radiotherapy requiring a full bladder protocol.

Advances in knowledge:

Using real patient data from simulation and treatment, this study established a range of bladder height that can be measured easily in a clinical setting for assessing adequacy of bladder filling for prostate radiotherapy.
Radiation dose and factors related to exceeding the diagnostic reference level in 496 transnasal ileus tube placement procedures from the REX-GI study
Authors: Nagaike Koji , Hayashi Shiro , Yakushijin Takayuki , Yamamoto Masashi , Sumiyoshi Tetsuya , Yamaguchi Shinjiro , Tamaru Yuzuru , Yamada Takuya , Tsumura Hidetaka , Nakai Yousuke , Doyama Hisashi , Maetani Iruru , Takagi Tadayuki , Asai Satoshi , Matsubara Kosuke , Takenaka Mamoru , Hosono Makoto , Nishida Tsutomu
Published: April 2023

Objective:

We aimed to examine the factors contributing to radiation exposure exceeding the DRL of the transnasal ileus tube placement in this post hoc analysis from the cohort of the REX-GI study.

Methods:

Patients with transnasal ileus tubes were enrolled in the rex-gi study from may 2019 to december 2020. We investigated the endoscope insertion time (min), procedure time (min), tube insertion length (cm), fluoroscopy time (FT: min), air kerma at the patient entrance reference point (Ka.r: mGy), and air kerma–area product (PKA: Gycm2). The third quartile value of the PKA value was calculated as the diagnostic reference level (DRL) value. We explored the factors associated with radiation exposure exceeding the DRL.

Results:

In the REX-GI study, 496 patients who underwent transnasal ileus tube placement were enrolled. The median age of the patients was 71 years. The median endoscopy insertion time, procedure time, and tube insertion length were 6 min, 20 min, and 170 cm, respectively. The third quartile/median FT, Ka.r, and PKA were 18/11.9 min, 99.2/54.4 mGy, and 46.9/28 Gycm2, respectively. The third quartile value of PKA (47 Gycm2) was set as the DRL value. There were differences in distribution by the hospital. Compared with procedures under the DRL, the FT (19 vs 10 min), procedure time (25 vs 18 min), and tube insertion length (185 vs 165 cm) were significantly longer for procedures above the DRL.

Conclusion:

We report the DRL for transnasal ileus tube placement in Japan. A longer procedure time and tube insertion length may be associated with DRL exceedance.

Advances in knowledge:

Transnasal ileus tube placement under fluoroscopy guidance is a standard clinical procedure for bowel obstruction. However, the appropriate radiation dose level has not yet been established. We report the (DRL) for transnasal ileus tube placement in Japan. A longer procedure time and tube insertion length may be associated with DRL exceedance.
To what extent are objectively measured mammographic imaging techniques associated with compression outcomes
Authors: Hudson Sue M , Wilkinson Louise S , De Stavola Bianca L , dos-Santos-Silva Isabel
Published: April 2023

Objective:

To describe the association between objectively measurable imaging techniques and the resulting compression thickness and dose.

Methods:

The study included 80,495 routine screens from the South-West London Breast Screening Service between March 2013 and July 2017. Average compression force, paddle tilt and dose were calculated. The Volpara® DensityTM algorithm was used to estimate pressure, breast volume and density. Linear regression models, using generalized estimating equations (GEEs) to account for clustering by practitioner, assessed the strength of the associations between the imaging compression outcomes, (thickness, dose) and imaging techniques (force, pressure and paddle tilt), adjusting for the subject’s characteristics (age, ethnicity, breast volume and percent mammographic density).

Results:

Fully adjusted linear regression models showed that compression thickness decreased by ~1 mm (~2% of mean thickness) for every 1daN increase in force and decreased by ~0.8 mm with an increase of 1 kPa of pressure (at median pressure). Increasing pressure above 15 kPa resulted in minimal reduction in thickness. Dose increased with increased force but decreased by ~1% of mean dose with every increase in 1 kPa of pressure. For 1o increase in paddle tilt, the compression thickness increased by ~1.5 mm (~2.5%) and dose increased by ~2.5%, (Pt <0.001 in all cases).

Conclusion:

Differences in imaging technique are associated with imaging outcome measures (thickness and dose). A better understanding of the association between objective image acquisition parameters and tumour conspicuity could lead to clearer guidelines for practitioners.

Advances in knowledge:

Increased paddle tilt is associated with increased compression thickness and increased dose after adjustment for breast volume and force applied.
Mos Historicus: Μία Εισαγωγή
Authors: Κωνσταντινίδου Μαρία , Σπανίδου Αθηνά , Χατζηαθανασίου Μάνος
Published: April 2023

Εισαγωγή στο τεύχος.
The outbreak of new diseases in an era of religious and spiritual crisis:
Authors: Kavvadia Maria
Published: April 2023

The paper examines how the humanist physician and later professor of medicine at the great Universities of Italy, Girolamo Mercuriale of Forlì (1530-1606), addressed the issue of new diseases in medical as well as religious-social terms in his medical book De arte gymnastica (Venice, 1569), while he served as the personal physician of Cardinal Alessandro Farnese (1520-1589). Mercuriale's medical gymnastics, as a medical method for the treatment of new diseases, stands out as paradigmatic, on the one hand, of the scientific-medical culture of mid-sixteenth century Rome and, on the other hand, the political-religious strategies of the Catholic Church regarding the control of body culture in the context of the Counter-Reformation.
Basler Münsterhügel am Übergang von spätkeltischer zu römischer Zeit (Text)
Authors: Deschler-Erb Eckhard
Published: April 2023

Eckhard Deschler-Erb hat im Rahmen seiner Habilitationsschrift eine umfangreiche Studie zur spätkeltisch-frühkaiserzeitlichen Besiedlung des Basler Münsterhügels und dessen Entwicklung von einer einheimischen zu einer gallo-römischen Siedlung verfasst. Grundlage dieser Publikation bildet die wissenschaftliche Auswertung der Rettungsgrabungen in den Jahren 1978 bis 1980 auf dem Münsterhügel. Diese Rettungsgrabungen, die aufgrund des Baus neuer Leitungstrassees für das Fernheizungs-, Telefon- und Trinkwassernetz nötig wurden, zählen zu den grössten Grabungen auf dem Basler Münsterhügel und lieferten durchgehende Schichtaufschlüsse sowie stratifiziertes Fundmaterial in grossen Mengen.
Band A: Text
Band B: Katalog
Archäozoologische Auswertung der Grabungen FH 1978/13 und TEW 1978/26 auf dem Basler Münsterhügel
Authors: Stopp Barbara
Published: April 2023

Das bearbeitete Tierknochenmaterial stammt aus zwei Grabungen aus dem Jahre 1978, welche anlässlich des Baus von Fernheizungsanschlüssen (Grabung FH 1978/13) und der Neuverlegung von Leitungen für Telefon, Elektrizität und Wasser (Grabung TEW 1978/26) getätigt wurden.

Die Tierknochen datieren in den Zeitraum zwischen Spätlatènezeit und der frühen Kaiserzeit (augusteische bis tiberisch- claudische Horizonte), also von ca. 80/70 v. Chr. bis 30/40 n. Chr. und gehören einer kulturhistorisch interessanten Epoche der Region Nordwestschweiz an, welche bisher nur wenig untersucht ist. Historisch gesehen befinden wir uns in einer Zeit, da das Gebiet um Basel durch römische Truppen aktiv in Besitz genommen wurde. Mit der hier vorgelegten archäozoologischen Arbeit können neue Erkenntnisse vermittelt und aufgezeigt werden, wie Ernährungsgewohnheiten und Wirtschaft auf politische, kulturelle und soziale Veränderungen reagieren.
Katalog der Gräber und Grabinventare
Authors: Ochsner Christine , Bayer Anja , Schorta Regula
Published: April 2023

unter Mitarbeit von Hans-Rudolf Courvoisier und Bruno Kaufmann (Anthropologie)
Der Katalog ist in der Reihenfolge der Laufnummern der Ausgrabungen und nach den Grabnummern aufgelistet. Die Funde, das heisst die Grabbeigaben, sind nach Materialien gegliedert (Holz, Metall, Bein und Horn, Ton, Glas, Papier, Textilien, Leder). Die Münz- und Medaillenfunde werden nur summarisch gewürdigt. Es wird auf die Publikation von Guido Helmig (1999) verwiesen. Auf die Vorlage der anthropologischen Bestimmungen musste aus Zeit-, Kapazitäts- und Kostengründen verzichtet werden.
Zusammenstellung der im 14. und 15. Jahrhundert bestatteten Angehörigen von Adelsgeschlechtern und ihrer Bestattungsorte im Basler Münster
Authors: Ochsner Christine
Published: April 2023

Anhang 4 umfasst eine Auflistung der im 14. und 15. Jahrhundert im Basler Münster bestatteten Angehörigen von Adelsgeschlechtern und ihrer Bestattungsorte.
Derechos Humanos internacionalmente reconocidos ante la Corte Penal Internacional
Authors: Estévez Lledó David
Published: April 2023

Las fuentes de derecho aplicable constituyen un aspecto nuclear del sistema judicial de la Corte Penal Internacional, pues delimita tanto sus herramientas de trabajo como el método de empleo de estas. Dichas fuentes, consagradas en el artículo 21 de su Estatuto, comprenden una jerarquía de fuentes internas y externas, la jurisprudencia de la Corte y, por último, los derechos humanos internacionalmente reconocidos.

El presente ensayo tiene por objeto en el estudio de algunos de los interrogantes que plantean los derechos humanos internacionalmente reconocidos como fuente del derecho aplicable por la Corte. En particular, nuestro análisis abarca desde conceptos tan básicos como “¿qué debe entenderse por derechos humanos ‘internacionalmente reconocidos’?”, y “¿cuáles son esos derechos?”; hasta las más complejas problemáticas, derivadas de la naturaleza de estos derechos como cúspide de la jerarquía normativa de la Corte, y la legitimación de esta para actuar, en última instancia, como “legisladora de facto” para proteger tales derechos en caso de conflicto con su Estatuto.

Para ello, se tomarán como referencia los principales aportes doctrinales y jurisprudenciales que han intentado dar respuesta acerca del contenido, alcances e implicaciones de la función que los derechos humanos internacionalmente reconocidos desempeñan ante la Corte Penal Internacional.
Dels Noradell als Fraginals: caracterització i evolució de les nissagues muntanyenques
Authors: Bartolí Masons Gemma
Published: April 2023

Aquest article es proposa de caracteritzar els personatges de l’anomenada novel·la muntanyenca i estudiar-ne la seva tipificació —seguint Lukács— i la seva evolució, que desemboca ja en el marc de la novel·la modernista. Per fer-ho, pren com a referències L’hereu Noradell, de Carles Bosch de la Trinxeria, i La vida i la mort d’en Jordi Fraginals, de Josep Pous i Pagès, tot passant per altres personatges de la novel·lística de Josep Pin i Soler o Marian Vayreda. L’estudi comparatiu constata un canvi en la intencionalitat política de les obres i en la seva voluntat artística.
El proyecto “Escuela para migrantes: educación para el ejercicio de derechos y responsabilidades” como práctica de responsabilidad social universitaria
Authors: Palacios Sanabria Luis
Published: April 2023

Se abordó teóricamente la relación entre derechos humanos y responsabilidad social universitaria mediante el estudio de la iniciativa “Escuela para Migrantes: Educación para el Ejercicio de Derechos y Responsabilidades”, un proyecto de vinculación con el medio de la Universidad Austral de Chile, ejecutado por la Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales. Esta iniciativa se consideró como una práctica socialmente responsable bajo los supuestos teóricos de la responsabilidad social, aplicables a la gestión universitaria. Se realizó una investigación de carácter cualitativo para conformar una base de información a partir de interacciones mediante conversaciones con informantes clave y revisión de fuentes bibliográficas.
El uso de la tecnología en la universidad. ¿Es necesaria su regulación?
Authors: Lladó Martínez Albert
Published: April 2023

El objeto del presente trabajo es el estudio, desde un punto de vista jurídico, de las posibles consecuencias indeseadas derivadas de la introducción de nuevas tecnologías de información y comunicación en el ámbito universitario; en particular, sobre algunos de los derechos constitucionales de los miembros de la comunidad universitaria.  La finalidad del estudio es aportar elementos de reflexión sobre la conveniencia o no de regular los usos de la tecnología aplicada especialmente a la docencia y a la gestión universitaria para garantizar el respeto a los mencionados derechos.
La metodología empleada es la propia de la investigación en materia jurídica, a través del estudio de la normativa y jurisprudencia existente con incidencia en este ámbito, así como de la doctrina publicada al respecto.
Los resultados obtenidos muestran evidencias de que efectivamente pueden darse situaciones en el desarrollo normal de la actividad universitaria en que el uso o la imposición de determinadas nuevas tecnologías afecte derechos de sus miembros.   Se constata asimismo que no existe regulación que ordene este ámbito o que impida tales afectaciones.
Ello lleva a concluir que el uso de la tecnología en la universidad debería regularse, de forma que se asegure la transparencia en su diseño e implementación, así como la protección de los derechos de sus usuarios y de los destinatarios de su utilización.  La Ley Orgánica reguladora de la universidad aparece como el nivel adecuado para establecer un marco común de amparo de derechos, mientras que la normativa autonómica universitaria debería tener espacio para su posterior desarrollo en uso de sus competencias.
Assessment of sub-micron subsurface damage in glass
Authors: Xu Jing , Chen Gong , Qiao Jie , Lambropoulos John C.
Published: April 2023

We present a new, to the best of our knowledge, experimental method for
assessing sub-micron level subsurface damage (SSD) on optical glass.
The method correlates surface characteristics such as the fracture
toughness and Young’s modulus via nanoindentation with the penetration
depth into the tested surfaces at different overall penetration
depths, as revealed by magnetorheological finishing spotting
techniques. Our results on ground surfaces suggest that low surface
roughness does not necessarily imply the absence of SSD. We also
compared SSD on surfaces processed by deterministic microgrinding and
femtosecond (fs) laser polishing. The fs-laser polished surfaces
revealed no detectable SSD, thus establishing the feasibility of
fs-laser polishing for precision optical manufacturing.
THz transmissive all-dielectric guided-mode resonance filter with high Q and tunability using suspended gratings
Authors: Zhou Pan , Sun Guotao , Wang Qingkang , Wu Kaiyu
Published: April 2023

Most currently available THz narrowband filters employ metal that
introduces loss, or work in reflection mode, which limits their scope
of application. Here, a transmissive all-dielectric guided-mode
resonance filter in the THz region is presented. It contains a
suspended grating layer and a waveguide layer, separated by an air
layer. A fabrication process of the filter is proposed. Simulation
results show that the designed filter exhibits excellent transmittance
of ∼97.5% with a high Q value of ∼1500 at 1.64 THz. Furthermore, this
transmission peak is surrounded by a wide and flat sideband with width
of ∼0.75THz and transmission below 10%. Moreover,
tunability of the filter is realized by geometric scaling and by
varying the thickness of the air layer. Using geometric scaling, the
filtering frequency can be widely tuned from 0.54 to 1.64 THz,
covering the 625–725 and 780–910 GHz wireless communication
windows. Additionally, fine tuning achieved by varying the air layer
thickness could be used to compensate for a tiny shift of the designed
filtering frequency caused by errors introduced in the fabrication
process. The Q value can be further boosted to ∼11,500 by adding another layer of waveguide.
Due to its transmissive nature and high-Q resonant mode with a wide sideband
and tunability, the presented filter exhibits great potential in THz
applications such as spectroscopy, imaging, and communication.
Synergistic effect of serum uric acid and body mass index trajectories during middle to late childhood on elevation of liver enzymes in early adolescence: Findings from the Ewha Birth and Growth Study
Authors: Lee Sung Hee , Choi Eun Jeong , Kim Ui Jeong , Park Hyunjin , Park Bomi , Lee Hye Ah , Park Hyesook
Published: April 2023

Background/objectives

We aimed to determine whether serum uric acid (SUA) and body mass index (BMI) trajectories in childhood have longitudinal association with liver enzymes in adolescence.

Methods

We conducted a study using data from the Ewha Birth and Growth Cohort. Individual trajectories of SUA (n = 203) and BMI (n = 206) from 5, 7, and 9 years were defined by group-based trajectory modeling. Also, liver function enzymes were collected at 11 to 12 year of age (Aspartate Aminotransferase [AST], Alanine transaminase [ALT], and Gamma-glutamyl transferase [γ–GTP]) (n = 206). Using a generalized linear model, the effects of SUA trajectory and BMI trajectory on liver function enzymes were assessed. We also assessed the interaction effect of SUA and BMI trajectories on liver enzymes.

Results

For trajectory patterns, both SUA and BMI were classified into two distinct groups (High or Low). Both trajectory of SUA and BMI in childhood were positively associated with levels of liver enzymes at 11–12 years of age. The results showed that the combined effect of SUA and BMI trajectories on liver enzymes had a higher means in high-risk group (high SUA–high BMI trajectories group) than in low-risk group (low SUA-low BMI trajectories group) for ALT and γ–GTP, respectively. It remained significant association when adjusted for covariates. In addition, the interaction of BMI and SUA trajectories showed a significant synergistic effect.

Conclusion

Elevated childhood SUA and BMI trajectories are associated with increased liver enzymes in beginning of adolescent. This finding suggesting that early interventions in SUA and BMI may need for optimization of liver enzymes as potential marker for development of related disease in later life.
The structure of prevacuolar compartments in Neurospora crassa as observed with super-resolution microscopy
Authors: Bowman Barry J.
Published: April 2023

The hyphal tips of Neurospora crassa have prevacuolar compartments (PVCs) of unusual size and shape. They appear to function as late endosomes/multivesicular bodies. PVCs are highly variable in size (1–3 microns) and exhibit rapid changes in structure. When visualized with tagged integral membrane proteins of the vacuole the PVCs appear as ring or horseshoe-shaped structures. Some soluble molecules that fill the lumen of mature spherical vacuoles do not appear in the lumen of the PVC but are seen in the ring or horseshoe-shaped structures. By using super-resolution microscopy I have achieved a better understanding of the structure of the PVCs. The PVC appears to form a pouch with an open end. The walls of the pouch are composed of small vesicles or tubules, approximately 250 nm in diameter. The shape of the PVC can change in a few seconds, caused by the apparent movement of the vesicles/tubules. In approximately 85% of the PVCs dynein and dynactin were observed as poorly defined lumps inside the pouch-shaped PVCs. Within the PVCs they were not attached to microtubules nor did they appear to be in direct contact with the vesicles and tubules that formed the PVCs. In the future, the structure and relatively large size of the Neurospora PVC may allow us to visualize protein-sorting events that occur in the formation of vacuoles.
Round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) δ13C/δ15N discrimination values and comparisons of diets from gut content and stable isotopes in Oneida Lake
Authors: Poslednik Anna M. , Evans Thomas M. , Jackson James R. , VanDeValk Anthony J. , Brooking Thomas E. , Rudstam Lars G.
Published: April 2023

Gut content analyses have found that round gobies (Neogobius melanostomus) are highly dependent on dreissenid mussels but stable isotope analysis has often suggested that the dreissenid contribution is lower. However, estimation of dietary contributions with stable isotopes relies on accurate discrimination factors (fractionation factors). To test if discrimination values commonly used in aquatic food web studies are suitable for round gobies, we collected round gobies from Oneida Lake, raised them for 63 days under four different diets (Chironomus plumosus, Mytilus chilensis, Dreissenia spp., Euphausia superba) and measured the change in white muscle δ13C and δ15N. Gobies were also collected throughout Oneida Lake for gut content and stable isotope analysis. Diets changed as round gobies grew, with small round gobies (17-42mm) feeding mostly on cladocera and chironomids, intermediate sized gobies (43-94mm) transitioning from chironomid to dreissenid consumption, and larger gobies (95-120mm) predominantly consuming dreissenids, similar to findings in other studies. Discrimination factors were obtained by fitting a commonly used asymptotic regression equation describing changes in fish δ13C and δ15N as a function of time and diet stable isotope ratios. The discrimination factor determined for δ13C (-0.4‰ ± 0.32, SE) was lower than the “standard” value of 0.4‰, while that of δ15N (4.0‰ ± 0.32, SE) was higher than the standard value of 3.4‰. Turnover rates for both δ13C and δ15N were estimated as 0.02 ‰*day-1. The use of experimentally determined discrimination factors rather than “standard” values resulted in model estimates that agree more closely with the observed increasing importance of dreissenids in gut content of larger gobies. Our results suggest that the importance of dreissenid mussels inferred from stable isotope studies may be underestimated when using standard isotopic discrimination values.
Does the threat of COVID-19 modulate automatic imitation?
Authors: Roberts James W. , Bennett Simon J.
Published: April 2023

The tendency to involuntarily imitate the actions of others (automatic imitation) can be modulated by social affiliative cues. Here, we explored whether the disruption to our social lives caused by the COVID-19 pandemic may subsequently influence automatic imitation. Three groups were initially presented a sentence comprehension task that featured either neutral (control), safe or unsafe primes to COVID-19 infection. They then completed an automatic imitation task, where a numeric cue was presented alongside apparent motion of an index or middle finger, which was either compatible or incompatible with the required response. Reaction times were longer for the incompatible compared to compatible trials, and thus demonstrated automatic imitation. However, there was no influence of the primes indicating that automatic imitation was unaffected by the risk of COVID-19. The potential theoretical explanations and practical implications of pathogen avoidance and social bonding incentives are discussed with reference to pandemic events.
Visualizing international relations: Challenges and opportunities in an emerging research field
Authors: Bleiker Roland
Published: April 2023

The visual is central to global politics. Over the past two decades, scholars in the field of international relations have increasingly recognized and examined the numerous and complex ways in which the visual, the political and the international are intertwined. They have scrutinized how a diverse range of global political phenomena – from war, diplomacy and development to election campaigns and refugee policies – are shaped by images and visual artefacts, such as photographs, film, videogames, satellite images, art, surveillance technologies, monuments and architecture. The purpose of this commentary is two-fold. First: I overview this bourgeoning body of literature on visuality in international relations. I discuss the emergence and evolution of this field of research, drawing attention to the significance of the ensuing contributions. Second: I highlight three key challenges that lie ahead: understanding the changing relationship between visuality and digitalization; embarking on more cross-disciplinary inquires; decolonizing research on visual communication. I end with highlighting that understanding the role of visuality goes far beyond appreciating the political impact of images. Visuality goes to the very core of politics because it shapes how we – as individuals and as collectives – see, perceive and enact the political world around us.
Mirror, mirror on the wall: Candidate image and political impression management
Authors: De Vries Philippe
Published: April 2023

The relevance of candidate image research as an element of political impression management has been scrutinized and contested, as it has been the case for candidate image research in many other scientific domains. For decades the emphasis of political science research was on more conventional topics such as the influences of political ideology, the impact of political rhetoric, the role of political structures and institutions. Nevertheless, with the birth of mass media and maybe even more so with the more recent introduction of social media, the emergence of a predominant visual culture has put candidate image at the centre of political impression formation processes. The managing of political impressions deserves particular attention and profound research. In this article we present an overview of relevant theories and research linked to candidate image within political impression management. The article will firstly discuss how the trend towards perception politics emerged and will revisit the role of perceptions and the formation of politically relevant impressions. Secondly, this article will focus on the politically suitable appearance and the concept of candidate image as an important part of both offline and online political impression management.
En torno al origen y datación del Canon 10 Comperimus quosdam Iudaeos nuper ad fidem Christi uocatos, extraído de un concilio hispalense de época visigoda
Authors: Martín Iglesias José Carlos
Published: April 2023

El Excerptum Canonicum es una colección sistemática de 20 cánones incluida en la Recensión Juliana de la Hispana cronológica al final del Concilio VIII de Toledo (a. 653). Contiene siete entradas de tema judaico que incluyen un Canon 10 atribuido a un Concilio de Sevilla que se ha identificado tradicionalmente con el Concilio III de Sevilla. Este artículo trata de demostrar que el Canon 10 debe atribuirse a concilio hispalense anterior al Concilio II de Sevilla (a. 619) y fecharse hacia los años 616/7, poco después del decreto de bautismo forzoso de la población judía de Hispania promulgado por el rey Sisebuto hacia el año 615.
carta-relato de Maximiliano Transilvano sobre la expedición de Magallanes-Elcano. Primera vuelta al mundo (1519-1522)
Authors: Yarza Urquiola Valeriano
Published: April 2023

El primer relato publicado sobre la expedición de Magallanes y Elcano (1519-1522), que supuso la primera vuelta al mundo, fue obra de Maximiliano Transilvano, secretario del emperador Carlos I de España, bajo el formato de una carta escrita en latín, dirigida a M. Lang, cardenal de Salzburgo, al mes siguiente de la llegada a Sevilla de los supervivientes del viaje. De ellos toma su información el autor, principalmente de Elcano, el capitán de la única nave que arribó a puerto hispano de las cinco que iniciaron la singladura.
            Nuestro trabajo principal ha consistido en la realización de la edición crítica y la traducción del documento a partir especialmente de las primeras ediciones del texto. En la breve introducción nos ocupamos además de otros puntos como la figura de Transilvano, el contenido de su narración y la descripción de las ediciones y manuscritos que transmiten la obra
A study of African swine fever virus in Regional VI of the Disease Investigation Center of Denpasar Bali in Indonesia
Authors: Tenaya Wayan Masa , Swacita Ida Bagus Ngurah , Wirata Ketut , Damriyasa Made , Besung Nengah Kerta , Suarsana Nyoman , Sari Tri Komala , Agustina Kadek Karang
Published: April 2023

Background and Aim: African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious viral disease that causes major economic losses due to morbidity and fatality rates of up to 100% in wild boar and domestic pigs. The disease emerged in Africa in 1921 and then entered several European countries by 1957. In Indonesia, the first outbreak of ASF in 2019 in North Sumatra killed thousands of pigs and quickly spread to 10 out of 34 pig-producing provinces, including Bali and Eastern Nusa Tenggara. As no commercial ASF vaccine is available, the disease has become endemic and continues killing pigs. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological and virological studies of ASF virus (ASFV) conducted in 2020 and 2021 by the Disease Investigation Center Regional VI of Denpasar Bali, which covers three provinces in Indonesia, including Bali, Western Nusa Tenggara, and Eastern Nusa Tenggara.

Materials and Methods: A total of 5402 blood samples were sent to the laboratory to detect ASFV infection using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests. The virological studies were performed by culturing local ASFV isolates obtained from field cases in primary macrophages and confirmation of viral growth by qPCR.

Results: The qPCR results show that only 156/4528 (3.4%) of samples originating from Bali and Eastern Nusa Tenggara were ASFV-positive with cycle threshold value of 18 to 23, while the virus was not detected in Western Nusa Tenggara. Of 874 serum samples tested, 114 (13%) were antibody positive and were all collected from the two ASFV-affected provinces in 2020. A Bali ASFV isolate (BL21) was isolated and characterized molecularly.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that during the time of sampling, ASFV was detected only in Bali and East Nusa Tenggara but not in Western Nusa Tenggara. These findings support the symptomology of ASFV reported in the two regions. Moreover, BL21 may be useful for developing subculture-attenuated vaccines using commercial cell lines. However, the current study has some limitations namely the investigation was not performed during the initial outbreak and no pathological examination of internal organs was conducted.

Keywords: African swine fever virus, epidemiology, macrophages, real-time polymerase chain reaction, vaccine.
Investigate the Possibility of Improving the Properties of Aluminum Scrap Powder by adding Graphite Powder
Authors: Nuyang Prathumrat , Sangsana Kittisak , Monteanthong Channarong , Nuilek Kanokon
Published: April 2023

Aluminum scraps are derived from industrial waste in the machining process called turning and are rarely reused. Recycling this wasted aluminum is particularly appealing. The Aluminum powder is made from this industrial waste. This article uses a metallurgical technique to prepare and use scrap recycled aluminum. In this study, the goal was to improve the properties of aluminum scraps by adding graphite powder. This study is based on a powder metallurgical process, where aluminum scraps from the machining processes are converted into fine powder (~60 μm) using a ball mill process. The powder is then mixed into a composite of aluminum powder (Al) and graphite powder (GP) using a high-speed mixing method. The GP added to the Al has a particle matter ratio of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 percent by weight. The composite powder is then compressed into a test specimen and sent for sintering. The study aims to look at the mechanical and electrical properties after the introduction of graphite powder. In ideal circumstances, the study showed an increase in ultimate tensile strength (UTS), young’s modulus (E), hardness, and electrical conductivity of composite in comparison with pure aluminum, with a UTS value of 140.32 MPa up from 131.05 MPa, an E value of 49.78 GPa up from 41.48 GPa and a hardness value of 91.88 HV up from 64.69 HV.
Comparison of two morphotypes of Zuccagnia punctata (Fabaceae) from Valles Calchaquíes in Argentina
Authors: Álvarez María A. , Correa Uriburu Florencia M. , Barrera María C. , Enrico Roxana J. , Andrada Aldo R. , Silenzi Usandivaras Gabriela M. , Páez Valeria A. , Caro María S. , Zampini Iris C. , Isla María I.
Published: April 2023

Zuccagnia punctata Cav. (Fabaceae) is a medicinal aromatic shrub, a monotypic species with a wide distribution in Argentina. Two morphotypes were found in Valles Calchaquíes, one with yellow fruits (YF) and other with red-brown fruits (RBF). The color of fruits varies between individuals within a population, with some plants producing red-brown fruits and other yellow fruits. The cytogenetic differentiation was determined using root tips. Leaves and fruits were used to analyze chemical composition by HPLC-DAD and HPLC/MS/MS. The number of chromosome (2n = 24) was reported for the first time for the genus. The yellow fruits and red-brown fruits morphotypes showed different karyotypes. The compounds common to both morphotypes were identified in leaves and fruits as chalcones, compounds with biological activity and biomarkers used for quality control of Z. punctata products. Two chemotypes related to the color of the fruits, were detected. An anthocyanin, cyanidin 3-glucoside was found in red-brown fruits (4.75 mg.g-1 fruits) but not in yellow fruits. These is the first report on yellow fruits morphotype of Z. punctata and on presence of anthocyanins in Z. punctata red-brown fruits morphotype. This work contributes to the knowledge of Z. punctata, a native plant from Argentina with high economic potential to promote the regional economy.
Causatives in Classical Armenian
Authors: Kocharov Petr
Published: April 2023

This paper presents the results of a study of the five causative formations of Classical Armenian. It focuses on the correspondence between the morphosyntactic complexity of causatives and the autonomy of the causee, which is specified based on the semantic type of the noncausal base verb. The correspondence proves to be incomplete as witnessed by areas of overlap in the lexical distribution of base verbs. While the competing lexical and synthetic causatives reflect the patientive and non-patientive readings of the first argument of the noncausal verb, respectively, the competing synthetic and analytic causatives rather express the contrast in the degree of affectedness of the causee, which does not fully depend on the semantic properties of the noncausal predicate. The semantic types of causation better correlate with morphosyntactic complexity than with segmental length in Classical Armenian.
Alkali-Silica Reaction and Its Effects on the Splitting Tensile Strength and Direct Compressive Strength of Mortar Bars
Authors: Pachel Caleb E. C. , Tanner Jennifer Eisenhauer
Published: April 2023

The alkali-silica reaction (ASR) is a type of alkali-aggregate reaction that is associated with the chemical interaction of siliceous aggregate and the alkaline pore solution of concrete. The reaction causes a gel to form that readily absorbs water and can cause expansion that damages concrete in a cyclical manner. This research aims to determine the relationship between the expansion due to ASR and the strength of concrete. Despite the inherent issues pertaining to the accuracy and precision of the accelerated mortar bar test (AMBT), its relative quickness makes it one of the most popular ASR tests. Conventional AMBTs were used to evaluate the reactivity of 12 aggregates and compared to a suite of control specimens to benchmark expansions and strengths. The aggregates evaluated were moderately reactive, highly reactive, or very highly reactive. Based on a total of 1,872 tests and regression analyses, both the splitting tensile and compressive strengths of the exposed mortar bars showed marked decreases when compared to the control mortar bars. The splitting tensile strength was affected more adversely than the compressive strength.
Novel Mechanical Design, Simulation, and CFD Analysis of a DNA-Shaped Quadcopter Fabricated through Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Ergunes Burak , Gunduz Hasan , Ulkir Osman
Published: April 2023

This paper proposes the design, fabrication, and static and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of a quadcopter with a unique structure. In contrast to traditional unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), the arms of the quadcopter are designed in the shape of a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) helix. Customization of the quadcopter is merged with additive manufacturing technology; its all-skeletal components are fabricated with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene material utilizing the fused deposition modeling technique. This design technology contributes to additional customization by diversifying the quadcopter’s applicability scenarios. Although the propellers have a significant impact on the movement of the UAV, the rotation of the propeller generates thrust in the axial direction of the quadcopter and is therefore a vital aspect of the quadcopter’s fabrication process. In order to calculate this thrust, CFD analysis is performed on the quadcopter and its propellers. In addition, the finite element method (FEM) is applied to the structural analysis of the DNA-shaped quadcopter’s (DNASQ) skeletal structure and components, and CFD is utilized to examine the impact of the quadcopter’s body during airflow. Based on the results of the structural assessment, it is determined that the structure’s completion would allow the weight of the avionics system to compensate for the impact accurately. According to the aerodynamic analysis, the drag force of the DNASQ is computed as 7.358 N, and the drag coefficient is calculated as 0.6656. After analyzing propeller thrust with the FEM at various rotational speeds, the highest thrust force is determined as 31.806 N at a rotating speed of 8,450 rpm (rev/min). Based on the results, it is clear that the propeller can generate the required thrust to lift the quadcopter and sustain dynamic loading without any failure.
The ASC‐1 complex promotes translation initiation by scanning ribosomes
Authors: Kito Yuki , Matsumoto Akinobu , Ichihara Kazuya , Shiraishi Chisa , Tang Ronghao , Hatano Atsushi , Matsumoto Masaki , Han Peixun , Iwasaki Shintaro , Nakayama Keiichi I
Published: April 2023

Translation initiates when the eIF4F complex binds the 5′ mRNA cap, followed by 5′ untranslated region scanning for the start codon by scanning ribosomes. Here, we demonstrate that the ASC‐1 complex (ASCC), which was previously shown to promote the dissociation of colliding 80S ribosomes, associates with scanning ribosomes to regulate translation initiation. Selective translation complex profiling (TCP‐seq) analysis revealed that ASCC3, a helicase domain‐containing subunit of ASCC, localizes predominantly to the 5′ untranslated region of mRNAs. Ribo‐seq, TCP‐seq, and luciferase reporter analyses showed that ASCC3 knockdown impairs 43S preinitiation complex loading and scanning dynamics, thereby reducing translation efficiency. Whereas eIF4A, an RNA helicase in the eIF4F complex, is important for global translation, ASCC was found to regulate the scanning process for a specific subset of transcripts. Our results have thus revealed that ASCC is required not only for dissociation of colliding 80S ribosomes but also for efficient translation initiation by scanning ribosomes at a subset of transcripts.
Theoretical Analysis of the Phenomenon of Professional Burnout (Based on Modern Foreign Studies)
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Veterok Ekaterina V.
Published: April 2023

The article presents the theoretical aspects of studying the phenomenon of professional burnout on the material of modern foreign studies. The specifics of the phenomenon of professional burnout as a number of components, including burnout associated with the personality of the subject, with professional activity and with other people, are analyzed. The first component includes physical, psycho-emotional and cognitive exhaustion. The second component is psychophysical fatigue in the process of performing professional activities. The third component involves mental and physical fatigue, which is actualized in contacts with clients. Various factors that cause the occurrence of professional burnout are considered. In the process of theoretical analysis, it was found that professional burnout is defined as a three-dimensional reaction to professional stress, characterized by a feeling of fatigue from the demands made, an indifferent attitude to professional activity, as well as inadequate reactions in the context of the workflow. It has been revealed that currently there are a number of unresolved problems in scientific research related to the problem of professional burnout.