bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stress radiography of medial knee instability provides a reliable correlation with the severity of injury and medial joint space opening—A robotic biomechanical cadaveric study
Authors: Briese Thorben , Holz Matthias , Peez Christian , Raschke Michael J. , Deichsel Adrian , Herbst Elmar , Herbort Mirco , Kittl Christoph
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The medial collateral ligament (MCL), and posterior oblique ligament (POL) are the primary valgus stabilisers of the knee, and clinical examinations in grading valgus instability can be inherently subjective. Stress radiography of medial‐sided knee injuries provides objective diagnosis and was analysed in this study. We hypothesised that (1) medial joint space opening would increase cutting the superficial MCL (sMCL), POL and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL); (2) isolated deep MCL (dMCL) injury would not increase medial joint space opening; (3) medial joint space opening would increase at higher flexion angles.

Study Design

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods

Ten human cadaveric knees were dissected, preserving ligamentous structures, muscles and fascia. The femur was secured, and the tibia was attached to the six‐degree‐of‐freedom robot. A 10 Nm valgus torque was applied at 0°–45° of flexion and anterior‐posterior (a.p.) radiographs were taken. Sequential sectioning was performed on the dMCL, sMCL, POL and ACL. Medial joint space opening was measured on a.p. radiographs (midpoint technique). Statistical analysis was conducted using a mixed model with post hoc correction (p < 0.05). Intra‐ and interobserver reliability was assessed by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results

Medial joint space opening significantly increased with cutting state (p < 0.0001) and flexion angle (p < 0.0001). Although isolated dMCL injury did not significantly increase medial joint space opening, sMCL resection gradually increased joint space opening 3.2 ± 1.9 to 6.9 ± 2.7 mm (p = 0.039) between 0° and 45° knee flexion. Following POL deficiency, medial joint space opening further increased 6.4 ± 2.7 to 11.4 ± 6.2 mm between 0° and 45° knee flexion (p = 0.0035). A combined injury (dMCL/sMCL/POL/ACL) increased medial joint space opening 12.0 ± 4.9 to 21.8 ± 7.9 mm (p < 0.0001) between 0° and 45° knee flexion, compared to the intact state. The intraobserver ICC was 0.995 and the interobserver ICC was 0.955 showing excellent intra‐ and interobserver reliability.

Conclusion

Deficiency of the medial stabilisers of the knee increased medial joint space opening in stress radiography, whereas isolated dMCL deficiency did not significantly affect valgus gapping. This study demonstrated a good concordance between valgus stress radiography and clinical scores (International Knee Documentation Committee and Hughston). Our findings support performing valgus stress tests at 0° and at least 20° of flexion.

Level of Evidence

There is no level of evidence as this study was an experimental laboratory study.
Optimal Recovery Mode for New Energy Vehicle Battery Recycling Under Government Policies
Authors: Wu Wenqi , Li Ming , Huang George Q.
Published: January 2025

The choice of spent new energy vehicle (NEV) battery recovery mode is crucial to improve recovery performance. This paper examines the decision‐making rules for the closed‐loop supply chain of NEV batteries under the intervention of government policies. It also compares the performance of the supply chain across various recovery modes and the effects of different policies. Results indicate that (1) in terms of total revenue and recovery rate, the battery producer recovery mode, mixed recovery mode involving automobile manufacturer and professional recycler, is more effective. (2) The optimal solution for the decision variable is influenced by government policies, and this influence remains consistent across different recovery modes. (3) The positive impact of the deposit‐return system is linked to the relationship between the deposit amount and the reward scale. If the refund constitutes too small a proportion of the deposit, both total revenue and recovery rate will decline. Reducing recycling channel costs and enhancing purchasers' environmental awareness can increase the battery recycling ratio and higher total revenue.
Human Endogenous Retrovirus K in Astrocytes Is Altered in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Fu YuHong , Adler Gabrielle L. , Youssef Priscilla , Phan Katherine , Halliday Glenda M. , Dzamko Nicolas , Kim Woojin Scott
Published: January 2025

Background

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disease. Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are proviral remnants of ancient retroviral infection of germ cells that now constitute about 8% of the human genome. Under certain disease conditions, HERV genes are activated and partake in the disease process. However, virtually nothing is known about the pathological relationship, if any, between HERV and PD.

Objective

The objectives of this study were to unravel the pathological relationship between human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV‐K) and PD, determine the localization of HERV‐K in the brain, determine whether HERV‐K levels are altered in PD brain and blood, and examine whether HERV‐K could serve as a biomarker for PD.

Methods

In situ HERV‐K and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in the superior frontal and fusiform cortices of PD and control brain were analyzed using immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. HERV‐K load and copy number in PD and control blood were measured by digital droplet polymerase chain reaction and GFAP by single‐molecule array. HERV‐K load was analyzed in relation to the Hoehn and Yahr Scale and Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III.

Results

HERV‐K is predominantly expressed in astrocytes and colocalized with astrocytic GFAP, with decreased expression of both HERV‐K and GFAP in PD brain compared with controls. Consistent with this, HERV‐K levels were decreased in PD blood compared with controls and were correlated to blood GFAP levels. HERV‐K levels were inversely correlated to PD severity and duration.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that HERV‐K is related to astrocyte function and to PD progression, and that HERV‐K could be neuroprotective. © 2025 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Experimental investigation on the impact resistance and damage mechanism of carbon/glass unidirectional and woven hybrid laminates
Authors: Wang Yingming , Han Wenqin , Hu Kejun , Zheng Yingxiao
Published: January 2025

The mechanical properties of hybrid fiber composite laminates are affected by the hybrid ratio as well as the stacking sequences, to investigate the effect. In this paper, the effects of the hybrid ratio and stacking sequences on the impact resistance and residual compression properties of carbon/glass unidirectional and woven hybrid laminates are investigated. The use of acoustic emission technology enables the real‐time monitoring of the impact and compression damage processes of carbon/glass composite laminates with varying hybrid ratios and stacking sequences, thereby facilitating the elucidation of the underlying failure mechanisms and the evolution of the laminates. The findings indicated that laminates with symmetrical stacking demonstrated superior impact resistance, resilience, and residual compression properties compared to those with asymmetrical stacking when subjected to high‐energy impact. Sandwich stackings demonstrate superior energy absorption properties relative to alternate‐stacking laminates, although they exhibit diminished residual compression properties. The impact resistance of laminates with a high carbon content under a sandwich stacking sequence is poor. In the context of alternating symmetric stacking, the impact resistance of the laminate is not significantly influenced by the carbon content. The results of the acoustic emission analysis indicate that the damage is minimized when the stacking sequence is alternating symmetry and the impact side is a woven material.

Highlights

Enhancing impact resistance of composites through hybrid structure research.

Report the optimal parameters of the effects on the impact resistance of the composite.

The VMD method is used to determine the percentage of damage types in the laminate.
Special Education Teacher Preparation in PBIS for Students With Extensive Support Needs
Authors: Walker Virginia L. , Carpenter Megan E. , Kurth Jennifer A. , Zagona Alison , Loman Sheldon
Published: January 2025

School‐wide positive behavioral interventions and supports (PBIS) is a multi‐tiered system of supports that promotes a safe and equitable school environment by supporting the social, emotional, and behavioral needs of all students, including those with extensive support needs (ESN). Research suggests not all students with ESN access and meaningfully participate in all aspects of PBIS, in part due to teachers' misconceptions and negative beliefs concerning the involvement of students with ESN in PBIS. In response to calls for research focused on teacher preparation in this area, we conducted an exploratory survey study of 34 course instructors in undergraduate and graduate teacher preparation programs that prepare special education teachers of students with ESN with a specific focus on universal, Tier 1 PBIS. Instructors at the undergraduate and graduate levels reported addressing a wide range of content focused largely on knowledge acquisition, with fewer reports of course activities involving skill development and practice‐based applications. Overall, instructors viewed the inclusion of content focused on PBIS for students with ESN as important. We present detailed findings, implications for special education teacher preparation programs, and directions for future research extending this line of inquiry.
Emotional Control in Education: Insights From High‐Achievers in PISA 2022
Authors: Pongsophon Pongprapan
Published: January 2025

This study delves into the determinants of emotional control among 6606 Singaporean students, aged 15 years old, participating in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2022. It aims to explore the various factors contributing to emotional control, utilizing multiple regression analysis on data from PISA's comprehensive 2022 dataset. This research seeks to identify and analyze key contributors to emotional control among these high‐performing students. Using R programming, the study entailed both descriptive and multiple regression analyses, with special attention to weighting within this large‐scale, complex survey. The findings reveal the multifaceted nature of factors influencing emotional control. Key positive influences identified include stress resistance and perseverance, while empathy and a sense of belonging also play significant, albeit less dominant, roles. An interesting observation is the slight inverse relationship between assertiveness and emotional control, suggesting a complex interplay of this trait with resilience. The model demonstrates moderate explanatory power, explaining about 31% of the variation in emotional control. The insights from this study carry significant implications for holistic education, targeted interventions, and curriculum development. By shedding light on the dynamics of emotional control in high‐achieving students, this research can guide the formulation of more effective and empathetic educational strategies.
The Validity, Reliability, and Responsiveness of the Turkish Version of the Adolescent Health Promotion Scale‐Short Form
Authors: İnci Fadime Hatice , Çelik Ferhat
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study is to examine the validity, reliability, and responsiveness of the Turkish version of the Adolescent Health Promotion‐Short Form (AHP‐SF). This cross‐sectional study was completed with 1483 students. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the construct validity of the scale, demonstrating a good model fit with acceptable fit indices. Discriminant validity was established, revealing that lower AHP‐SF scores were associated with an increased likelihood of unhealthy weight and chronic diseases. Reliability analyses revealed strong internal consistency, with Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega values indicating a high level of homogeneity among items. Test–retest reliability showed excellent stability, with no significant score differences between the two administrations. Differential item functioning (DIF) related to age suggests some items may perform differently for younger and older adolescents. However, most items showed negligible DIF, indicating reliable measurement of health‐promoting behaviors across age groups. Item discrimination, difficulty, infit, and outfit results were within acceptable values. The AHP‐SF is a valid and reliable tool for evaluating health‐promoting behaviors of adolescents in Turkey. Nurses can assess health‐promoting behaviors of adolescents in a short time by using this scale.
DisDock: A Deep Learning Method for Metal Ion‐Protein Redocking
Authors: Lin Menghan , Li Keqiao , Zhang Yuan , Pan Feng , Wu Wei , Zhang Jinfeng
Published: January 2025

The structures of metalloproteins are essential for comprehending their functions and interactions. The breakthrough of AlphaFold has made it possible to predict protein structures with experimental accuracy. However, the type of metal ion that a metalloprotein binds and the binding structure are still not readily available, even with the predicted protein structure. In this study, we present DisDock, a deep learning method for predicting protein‐metal docking. DisDock takes distogram of randomly initialized protein‐ligand configuration as input and outputs the distogram of the predicted binding complex. It combines the U‐net architecture with self‐attention modules to enhance model performance. Taking inspiration from the physical principle that atoms in closer proximity display a stronger mutual attraction, this predictor capitalizes on geometric information to uncover latent characteristics indicative of atom interactions. To train our model, we employ a high‐quality metalloprotein dataset sourced from the Mother of All Databases (MOAD). Experimental results demonstrate that our approach outperforms other existing methods in prediction accuracy for various types of metal ions.
Enhancement of Sensitivity Near Exceptional Points in Dissipative Qubit‐Resonator Systems
Authors: Han Pei‐Rong , Wu Fan , Huang Xin‐Jie , Wu Huai‐Zhi , Zou Chang‐Ling , Yi Wei , Zhang Mengzhen , Li Hekang , Xu Kai , Zheng Dongning , Fan Heng , Wen Jianming , Yang Zhen‐Biao , Zheng Shi‐Biao
Published: January 2025

Dissipation usually plays a negative role in quantum metrological technologies, which aim to improve measurement precision by leveraging quantum effects that are vulnerable to environment‐induced decoherence. Recently, it has been demonstrated that dissipation can actually be used as a favorable resource for enhancing the susceptibility of signal detection. However, demonstrations of such enhancement for detecting physical quantities in open quantum systems are still lacking. Here a protocol is proposed and demonstrated for realizing such non‐Hermitian quantum sensors for probing the coupling between a qubit and a resonator subjecting to energy dissipations. The excitation‐number conversion associated with the no‐jump evolution trajectory enables removal of the noisy outcomes with quantum jumps, implementing the exceptional point (EP), where the Rabi splitting exhibits a divergent behavior in response to a tiny variation of the effective coupling. The sensitivity enhancement near the EP is confirmed by both theoretical calculation and experimental measurement.
Possible mechanisms of spermatogenic dysfunction induced by viral infections: Insights from COVID‐19
Authors: Okada Keisuke , Kin Chanhyon , Yamashita Yosuke , Kawamura Shun , Sato Katsuya , Chiba Koji , Miyake Hideaki
Published: January 2025

Background

As the COVID‐19 pandemic nears resolution in 2024, the mechanisms by which SARS‐CoV‐2 and other viral infections induce spermatogenic dysfunction remain poorly understood. This review examines the mechanisms by which viral infections, particularly COVID‐19, disrupt spermatogenesis and highlights the implications for male reproductive health. While reports suggest that spermatogenic dysfunction caused by COVID‐19 is mild and transient, these findings may have broader applications in understanding and treating spermatogenic dysfunction caused by future viral infections.

Methods

The PubMed database was searched to identify original and review articles investigating the mechanisms by which viral infections, particularly SARS‐CoV‐2, contribute to spermatogenic dysfunction.

Main Findings

SARS‐CoV‐2 affects the testis through multiple mechanisms, including ACE2 receptor‐mediated entry, direct viral damage, inflammatory response, blood–testis barrier disruption, hormonal imbalance, oxidative stress, and impaired spermatogenesis. The combination of these factors can disrupt testicular function and highlights the complexity of the effects of COVID‐19 on male reproductive health.

Conclusion

COVID‐19 may disrupt spermatogenesis through direct testicular infection, systemic inflammation, hormonal disruption, and oxidative stress. Ongoing research, vaccination efforts, and clinical vigilance are essential to address these challenges and develop effective treatment and prevention strategies.
Exploring Undergraduate Students' Conceptions of Environmental Education Through Phenomenographic Analysis
Authors: Luan Hui , Syu Yi‐Lun , Lee Min‐Hsien , Tsai Chin‐Chung
Published: January 2025

The core function of science education is to equip students with scientific literacy, enabling them to understand complex environmental challenges and actively engage in proenvironmental behaviors. Therefore, understanding students' conceptions of environmental education is crucial for advancing environmental education. In this study, we explored undergraduate students' conceptions of environmental education and its relationship to approaches to learning from a phenomenographic perspective. We conducted interviews with 36 undergraduates and identified 5 qualitatively different categories of conceptions of environmental education, namely, “receiving information,” “disseminating and communicating,” “understanding,” “awareness and reflective thinking,” and “solving problems and taking action.” These categories are hierarchically ordered from lowest to highest, reflecting increasing complexity. Specifically, the first two were categorized as passive conceptions, while the last three were classified as active conceptions. Our findings showed that passive and active conceptions were evenly distributed among the students. In addition, a χ2 analysis revealed an observable correlation between students' conceptions and their adopted learning strategies. Particularly, students with more passive conceptions tended to employ surface learning strategies, whereas those with more active conceptions were inclined toward deep learning strategies. The implications of these findings for promoting students' proenvironmental behavior are discussed.
Bayesian Modeling of Cancer Outcomes Using Genetic Variables Assisted by Pathological Imaging Data
Authors: Im Yunju , Li Rong , Ma Shuangge
Published: January 2025

With the increasing maturity of genetic profiling, an essential and routine task in cancer research is to model disease outcomes/phenotypes using genetic variables. Many methods have been successfully developed. However, oftentimes, empirical performance is unsatisfactory because of a “lack of information.” In cancer research and clinical practice, a source of information that is broadly available and highly cost‐effective comes from pathological images, which are routinely collected for definitive diagnosis and staging. In this article, we consider a Bayesian approach for selecting relevant genetic variables and modeling their relationships with a cancer outcome/phenotype. We propose borrowing information from (manually curated, low‐dimensional) pathological imaging features via reinforcing the same selection results for the cancer outcome and imaging features. We further develop a weighting strategy to accommodate the scenario where information borrowing may not be equally effective for all subjects. Computation is carefully examined. Simulations demonstrate competitive performance of the proposed approach. We analyze TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) LUAD (lung adenocarcinoma) data, with overall survival and gene expressions being the outcome and genetic variables, respectively. Findings different from the alternatives and with sound properties are made.
Silver Nanoparticles Incorporated Covalent Organic Framework Catalyzed Sustainable Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates and Oxazolidinones Under Atmospheric CO2 Pressure: A Novel Approach of CO2 Utilization
Authors: Mondal Titu , Sarkar Priyanka , Islam Mohammad Shahidul , Dahlous Kholood A. , Manirul Islam Sk.
Published: January 2025

This work presents the facile synthesis of Ag nanoparticles‐decorated porous crystalline covalent organic frameworks (namely, Ag@TPT‐TP COF) having exceptional surface area and CO2 uptake capacity to facilitate CO2‐cyclization reactions to produce highly value‐added compounds. Several characterization techniques have been used to thoroughly analyze the as‐synthesized nanomaterial, Ag@TPT‐TP COF. The synthesized Ag NPs‐embedded 2D COF serves as a stable and active porous catalyst for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from a variety of epoxides and derivatives of 2‐oxazolidinone from propargyl alcohols and amines with high yield and selectivity of the corresponding products via fixation of CO2 (1 atm) under sustainable reaction conditions. The functionalized porous catalyst (Ag@TPT‐TP COF) exhibited exceptional recyclability for both reactions up to six consecutive runs without any visible deterioration in the catalytic activity. Consequently, formation of wide range of compounds are dramatically expanded by these organic transformations and provide a possible pathway for CO2 functionalization to get beyond the energy barrier in this area.
Eco‐Friendly Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted Thiazolidine‐4‐One Derivatives Via A Multicomponent Reaction with Microwave Irradiation in a Chiral Ionic Liquid Medium
Authors: Gundogdu Hizliates Cevher , Oncuoglu Serkan
Published: January 2025

Thiazolidinone (TZD) derivatives, especially those containing a 1,3‐thiazolidine‐4‐one core, are highly valued in drug design due to their broad spectrum of biological activities, including antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anticancer, and anti‐inflammatory effects. These compounds are considered “privileged scaffolds” due to their potential in developing novel therapeutic agents. Traditional methods for synthesizing TZD derivatives involve condensation reactions that typically require toxic catalysts and organic solvents, often resulting in low yields. These drawbacks have spurred the development of more sustainable and efficient synthesis methods. Recent advancements focus on green and efficient techniques, such as microwave heating, solid‐phase synthesis, and the use of ionic liquids (ILs). ILs, particularly chiral ionic liquids (CILs), offer significant benefits, including non‐volatility, recyclability, and high thermal stability, making them ideal for multicomponent reactions. Their use improves both sustainability and reaction efficiency. In one recent study, a one‐pot, three‐component reaction was conducted with aromatic aldehyde, aromatic amine, and thioglycolic acid in the presence of the chiral ionic liquid 1‐(S‐2'‐methyl butyl)‐3‐methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate [mbmi][BF4]. This method, utilizing microwave irradiation, enabled the rapid and highly efficient synthesis (88–96% yield) of various 2‐(3‐halophenyl)‐3‐(methoxy‐substituted phenyl) thiazolidine‐4‐one derivatives. Notably, several compounds, including 3d, 3e, 3g, 3h, and 3i, were synthesized for the first time, highlighting the effectiveness of CILs in the green synthesis of TZD derivatives.
Partially Substituted La for Sm in Sm0.8Sr0.2NiO3: An Efficient Electrocatalyst Towards Alkaline Water Splitting
Authors: Parihar Reena , Mishra Prakhar , Yadav Pradeep Kumar , Singh Narendra Kumar
Published: January 2025

Perovskite‐type oxides having composition LaxSm0.8−xSr0.2NiO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.6) were explored for their ability to act as facilitators for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline media. Synthesis of the materials was conducted through a sol‐gel procedure via malic acid. The materials underwent advanced physicochemical characterization utilizing techniques, namely transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). These analyses provided crucial details about the material’s particle size, surface morphology/chemical composition and crystalline structure, opening up exciting possibilities for their diverse applications. From TEM analysis, the average particle size of the oxide materials has been estimated and found to be 5.9 nm for Sm0.8Sr0.2NiO3 and 4.8 nm for La0.6Sm0.2Sr0.2NiO3. The particle size of the oxide material decreases when La was partially substituted for Sm in Sm0.8Sr0.2NiO3. Cyclic voltammetry and Tafel plot were observed for the electrochemical analysis in 1 M KOH (25 °C). An investigation on the anodic polarization of oxides revealed an increased electrocatalytic activity when La was partially substituted for Sm in Sm0.8Sr0.2NiO3. La0.6Sm0.2Sr0.2NiO3 was found to be most active at 800 mV with a current density, j = 184.1 mA/cm2. The Tafel experiment was conducted in 1M KOH at varying temperatures to determine thermodynamic properties like standard electrochemical energy of activation (), standard enthalpy of activation (ΔH°#), and standard entropy of activation (ΔS°#).
Backbone Engineering of Bithiophene Imide Dimer‐Based Polymeric Mixed Ionic‐Electronic Conductors for High‐Performance n‐Type Organic Electrochemical Transistors
Authors: Zhang Xiage , Zhu Rongjin , Yang Wanli , Wang Keli , Ding Riqing , Jeong Sang Young , Woo Han Young , Feng Kui , Guo Xugang
Published: January 2025

Polymeric mixed ionic‐electronic conductors (PMIECs) are gaining significant attention due to their potential applications in organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs). However, the performance of n‐type OECTs still lags behind that of their p‐type counterparts. Here, the structure‐performance correlation of fused bithiophene imide dimer (BTI2)‐based PMIECs is systematically investigated with the backbone evaluation from acceptor‐strong donor (A‐SD) to acceptor‐donor (A‐D), to acceptor‐weak donor (A‐WD), to acceptor‐weak acceptor (A‐WA), and finally to A‐A structures. Compared to other PMIECs, the A‐A backbone‐based PMIEC PBTI2g‐BTI features the most suppressed lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level, a highly planar backbone, and superior n‐type electrochemical dopability. Consequently, polymer PBTI2g‐BTI delivers an exceptional unipolar n‐type OECT performance with a high electron mobility of 0.25 cm2 V⁻¹ s⁻¹ and a remarkable µC* value of 63.79 F cm⁻¹ V⁻¹ s⁻¹, both of which are significantly higher than those of other types of PMIECs. This study demonstrates that the A‐A backbone strategy is an effective approach to developing high‐performance n‐type PMIECs for applications in OECTs.
Optical Simulation and Modulation of Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells with Dual Ultrathin Ag Film Transparent Electrodes
Authors: Luo Guoping , Wang Meizhen , Li Xuebin , Liao Junchen , Zhu Weiling
Published: January 2025

The advancement of semitransparent organic solar cells utilizing narrow bandgap donor and acceptor materials has progressed rapidly in recent years. These semitransparent devices exhibit high absorption in the near‐infrared range and high transmission in the visible region, offering broad application potential. This research suggests employing dual ultrathin metal films as transparent electrodes to fabricate semitransparent photovoltaic devices. The investigation focuses on the spectral simulation and modulation of the transparent electrode structure, film thickness, optical coupling layer, and 1D photonic crystal utilizing the optical transfer matrix method. The primary goal of the integrated optical effects is to enhance the light absorption in the active layer while maintaining device visible transparency. Simulation results indicate the feasibility of a device structure consisting of Nb2O5/Ag/Nb2O5/PM6:BTP‐eC9:L8‐BO/MoO3/Ag/ZnSe/Na3AlF6/ZnSe, achieving an expected short‐circuit current density () of 17.10 mA cm−2, an average visible transmittance (AVT) of 50.40%, and a light utilization efficiency (LUE) of 5.49%. The incorporation of three nonperiodic dielectric layers shows the potential to further increase , AVT, and LUE to 17.40 mA cm−2, 51.49%, and 5.71%, respectively. This study introduces a novel device structure that optimizes active layer absorption and visible transmittance, aiming to advance semitransparent photovoltaic devices.
Hierarchical Planning Applied to the Preliminary Design of CubeSats: Nanospace Study
Authors: Gateau Thibault , Cordero Sophia Salas , Vingerhoeds Rob
Published: January 2025

CubeSat design has been already studied and formalized but knowledge representation remains a challenge. The management of human‐learnt knowledge during the process is not an aspect that is often spoken about. This paper discusses the proposal of integrating a hierarchical planning approach with a model‐based one to the open‐source Nanospace framework, a web‐based application for concurrent engineering during the preliminary design phase of CubeSats. Hierarchical planning aids to introduce commonly tacit human expertise, an aspect that the preliminary design of CubeSats can benefit from. The proposed integration could allow a faster design convergence and faster inspection of candidate architectures The Nanospace framework itself may benefit from an approach bringing in model‐based efforts and hierarchical planning facilitate knowledge representation and reuse. A use case on the CREME CubeSat project is detailed, emphasizing how to impregnate the design iterations with experts' knowledge.
Radial Stress Distribution in Micro Dry‐Etched Perfluorinated Polymer Optical Fibers
Authors: Nakanishi Takuto , Nakashima Ryo , Ishida Keito , Wada Yuji , Lo Cheng‐Yao , Nakamura Kentaro , Lee Heeyoung , Mizuno Yosuke , Yamane Daisuke
Published: January 2025

This paper presents the first investigation into how the dry etching depth of the reinforcement layer in perfluorinated polymer optical fibers (PF‐POFs) influences radial stress distribution. Using finite element method simulations, we model the PF‐POF structure based on the actual dry‐etched profiles achieved through reactive ion etching (RIE). The results demonstrate that increasing the etching depth leads to higher radial stress in both the core and cladding layers when strain is applied longitudinally. These findings suggest that RIE processes present a feasible method for tuning the sensitivity of PF‐POF‐based strain sensors. © 2025 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Electromagnetic Field Modeling and Optimization Design of Axial Magnetic Flux Eddy Current Brake Considering Non‐Ideal Factors
Authors: Yang Fan , Ouyang Bin , Zhai Xiaofei
Published: January 2025

Accurate analytical calculation of electromagnetic field is the basis of research and optimization of axial magnetic flux eddy current brake, and structural optimization design is the key to improving system performance and reducing engineering construction costs. In order to establish an accurate analytical calculation model of electromagnetic field of axial magnetic flux eddy current brake, based on the two‐dimensional analytical calculation model of electromagnetic field, this paper comprehensively considers the influence of non‐ideal factors such as core saturation, transverse dynamic end effect and secondary skin effect on the electromagnetic characteristics of axial magnetic flux eddy current brake, and obtains an improved analytical calculation model of electromagnetic field by introducing corresponding correction coefficients, and verifies the accuracy of the analytical calculation model of electromagnetic field by comparing with the numerical calculation results of three‐dimensional electromagnetic field finite element model. On this basis, an improved multi‐objective particle swarm optimization algorithm is adopted to optimize the system design, so as to increase the electromagnetic braking torque, reduce the electromagnetic axial force and reduce the secondary mass. Finally, the accuracy of the above electromagnetic field analytical calculation model and optimization design results is verified on the experimental research platform of axial magnetic flux eddy current brake, which can provide theoretical basis for subsequent researchers to design and optimize the electromagnetic scheme. © 2025 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
A Novel Shortcut to Cubical Perspective Drawing
Authors: Olivero Lucas Fabian , Araújo António Bandeira , Rossi Adriana
Published: January 2025

The article introduces a novel construction that simplifies the drawing of cubical perspectives. A recent work described a method for drawing cubical perspectives which classifies lines into several types and renders each type systematically. Some of these types require an auxiliary external construction, hindering the drawing process. This research proposes a novel method that shortcuts this step with an internal construction. This method both accelerates and simplifies the studio process, reduces systematic errors, and makes freehand sketching more viable and precise. Next, the shortcut is applied through the case of the Solimene factory (Italy), an organic architecture that highlights both the issues inherent to cubical representation and the advantages of the proposed shortcut.
Mentalisierungsbasierte Therapie für Jugendliche mit Störungen des Sozialverhaltens
Authors: Taubner Svenja , Hauschild Sophie
Published: January 2025

Die Mentalisierungsbasierte Therapie (MBT) ist eine evidenzbasierte integrative Therapie, die für die Behandlung von Patient:innen mit Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörungen entwickelt wurde. In den letzten Jahren wurden das Verfahren auf andere Patient:innengruppen ausgedehnt. Im vorliegenden Beitrag stellen wir die neue Anwendung der MBT für Jugendliche mit Störungen des Sozialerhaltens vor (MBT-SSV), für die weitere Elemente, wie z. B. Familientherapie und Motivational Interviewing, in die Therapie integriert wurden. Im Rahmen einer Machbarkeitsstudie wurde überprüft, ob Therapeut:innen in Ausbildung verschiedener Grundorientierungen die MBT-SSV manualgetreu anwenden können. Dabei zeigten sich spezifische Anwendungsunterschiede in Abhängigkeit vom jeweiligen Verfahren.
Automated vs manual cardiac MRI planning: a single-center prospective evaluation of reliability and scan times
Authors: Glessgen Carl , Crowe Lindsey A. , Wetzl Jens , Schmidt Michaela , Yoon Seung Su , Vallée Jean-Paul , Deux Jean-François
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Evaluating the impact of an AI-based automated cardiac MRI (CMR) planning software on procedure errors and scan times compared to manual planning alone.

Material and methods

Consecutive patients undergoing non-stress CMR were prospectively enrolled at a single center (August 2023–February 2024) and randomized into manual, or automated scan execution using prototype software. Patients with pacemakers, targeted indications, or inability to consent were excluded. All patients underwent the same CMR protocol with contrast, in breath-hold (BH) or free breathing (FB). Supervising radiologists recorded procedure errors (plane prescription, forgotten views, incorrect propagation of cardiac planes, and field-of-view mismanagement). Scan times and idle phase (non-acquisition portion) were computed from scanner logs. Most data were non-normally distributed and compared using non-parametric tests.

Results

Eighty-two patients (mean age, 51.6 years ± 17.5; 56 men) were included. Forty-four patients underwent automated and 38 manual CMRs. The mean rate of procedure errors was significantly (p = 0.01) lower in the automated (0.45) than in the manual group (1.13). The rate of error-free examinations was higher (p = 0.03) in the automated (31/44; 70.5%) than in the manual group (17/38; 44.7%). Automated studies were shorter than manual studies in FB (30.3 vs 36.5 min, p < 0.001) but had similar durations in BH (42.0 vs 43.5 min, p = 0.42). The idle phase was lower in automated studies for FB and BH strategies (both p < 0.001).

Conclusion

An AI-based automated software performed CMR at a clinical level with fewer planning errors and improved efficiency compared to manual planning.

Key Points

Question

What is the impact of an AI-based automated CMR planning software on procedure errors and scan times compared to manual planning alone?

Findings

Software-driven examinations were more reliable (71% error-free) than human-planned ones (45% error-free) and showed improved efficiency with reduced idle time.

Clinical relevance

CMR examinations require extensive technologist training, and continuous attention, and involve many planning steps. A fully automated software reliably acquired non-stress CMR potentially reducing mistake risk and increasing data homogeneity.
Computational analysis of musical elements across twenty-two European countries
Authors: Mihelač Lorena , Povh Janez
Published: January 2025

This work examines the similarities and differences between twenty-two European countries by using the computational model Information Dynamics of Music (IDyOM) to analyze various musical elements in folk songs, children’s folk songs, and children’s songs. The examination of the (dis)similarities between 22 European countries tests two hypotheses. First, it examines whether there are significant differences in the use of musical elements between European countries that are considered to have a common musical style. Secondly, it explores whether the musical elements used in the representative music of a particular country are more similar in countries with similar cultural, political, historical and economic backgrounds and geographical proximity. The results of the research, which compared the three genres across 22 European countries, revealed significant differences that highlight the unique ways in which these genres manifest themselves and how musical elements are integrated into the musical structure, suggesting that European countries do not possess a single musical style. Furthermore, some geographically distant countries have exhibited similarities, while other geographically close countries showed dissimilarities. This implies that either there is no shared musical foundation across different countries, or that the unique variations in musical expression within certain countries have had a significant influence on the overall population.
Automated Detection of Cancer-Suspicious Findings in Japanese Radiology Reports with Natural Language Processing: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Sugimoto Kento , Wada Shoya , Konishi Shozo , Sato Junya , Okada Katsuki , Kido Shoji , Tomiyama Noriyuki , Matsumura Yasushi , Takeda Toshihiro
Published: January 2025

Missed critical imaging findings, particularly those indicating cancer, are a common issue that can result in delays in patient follow-up and treatment. To address this, we developed a rule-based natural language processing (NLP) algorithm to detect cancer-suspicious findings from Japanese radiology reports. The dataset used consisted of chest and abdomen CT reports from six institutions. Reports from our institution were used for algorithm development and internal evaluation, while reports from the other five institutions were used for external evaluation. To create the gold standard, reports were annotated by two experienced physicians. Data were statistically analyzed using precision, recall and F1 score with 1000 bootstrap iterations. BERT was used as a baseline deep learning model, and its performance was compared with the proposed rule-based method. At the report level of detection, the overall precision, recall, and F-1 score were 0.886, 0.886, and 0.883, respectively, for the rule-based algorithm, which were higher than those of the deep learning algorithm (0.851, 0.679, and 0.733). The overall results include both internal and external validation data. For the internal validation set, the precision, recall, and F-1 score were 0.929, 0.929, and 0.927, respectively. For the external validation set, the precision, recall, and F-1 score were 0.875, 0.879, and 0.873, demonstrating generalizability. In conclusion, we show the rule-based NLP algorithm exhibited a high performance in detecting cancer-suspicious findings from multi-institutional CT reports.
Skewness Issues in Quantifying Efficiency: Insights from Stochastic Frontier Panel Models Based on Closed Skew Normal Approximations
Authors: Haschka Rouven E. , Wied Dominik
Published: January 2025

Typically, the inefficiency term in stochastic frontier models is assumed to be positively skewed; however, efficiency scores are biased if this assumption is violated. This paper considers the case in which negative skewness is also allowed in the model. The paper discusses estimation of a stochastic frontier panel model with unobserved fixed effects without having to identify additional parameters that determine skewness of inefficiency. On the one hand, the parameters can be estimated via integrating out nuisance parameters by means of marginal maximum likelihood. On the other hand, we propose an approximation based on closed skew normal distributions, which turns out to be sufficiently accurate for maximum likelihood estimation. Simulations assess the finite sample performance of estimators and show that all model parameters and efficiency scores can be estimated consistently regardless of positive or negative inefficiency skewness. An empirical analysis to unravel inefficiencies in the German healthcare system demonstrates the practical relevance of the model.
Missing value replacement in strings and applications
Authors: Bernardini Giulia , Liu Chang , Loukides Grigorios , Marchetti-Spaccamela Alberto , Pissis Solon P. , Stougie Leen , Sweering Michelle
Published: January 2025

Missing values arise routinely in real-world sequential (string) datasets due to: (1) imprecise data measurements; (2) flexible sequence modeling, such as binding profiles of molecular sequences; or (3) the existence of confidential information in a dataset which has been deleted deliberately for privacy protection. In order to analyze such datasets, it is often important to replace each missing value, with one or more valid letters, in an efficient and effective way. Here we formalize this task as a combinatorial optimization problem: the set of constraints includes the context of the missing value (i.e., its vicinity) as well as a finite set of user-defined forbidden patterns, modeling, for instance, implausible or confidential patterns; and the objective function seeks to minimize the number of new letters we introduce. Algorithmically, our problem translates to finding shortest paths in special graphs that contain forbidden edges representing the forbidden patterns. Our work makes the following contributions: (1) we design a linear-time algorithm to solve this problem for strings over constant-sized alphabets; (2) we show how our algorithm can be effortlessly applied to fully sanitize a private string in the presence of a set of fixed-length forbidden patterns [Bernardini et al. 2021a]; (3) we propose a methodology for sanitizing and clustering a collection of private strings that utilizes our algorithm and an effective and efficiently computable distance measure; and (4) we present extensive experimental results showing that our methodology can efficiently sanitize a collection of private strings while preserving clustering quality, outperforming the state of the art and baselines. To arrive at our theoretical results, we employ techniques from formal languages and combinatorial pattern matching.
Differential coding of the occurrence of negative eventualities and the nonoccurrence of eventualities in Japanese
Authors: Oshima David Y.
Published: January 2025

In Japanese, the use of a negative preterite (past-perfective) clause (“…V-nakatta”) is pragmatically constrained, and oftentimes a negative nonpast-nonperfective clause (“…V-te
inai”) is used where a preterite clause is expected. This work argues that the Japanese negative preterite invariably represents the occurrence of a “negative eventuality”—something whose existence and ontological nature have been extensively debated—rather than the “nonoccurrence” of eventualities. This has significant implications for the general-linguistic understanding of negation, (i) lending support to the supposition that negation comes in two varieties: “propositional” (or Boolean) negation, which expresses the nonoccurrence of eventualities, and “eventive” negation, which expresses the occurrence of a negative eventuality, and also (ii) implying that some negative predicate forms specifically express the latter. It will furthermore be argued that, while in general Japanese nonpast-tensed clauses specify that the topic time is the present or a future time, this is not necessarily the case with nonpast-nonperfective clauses, making it possible for a negative nonpast-nonperfective clause to represent the nonoccurrence of eventualities in a past topic time.
What is ‘teacher awareness’ and can teachers use it to overcome their expectation bias?– a thematic analysis of research
Authors: Lomholt Rune
Published: January 2025

In many teacher expectation studies, it is suggested that teachers can overcome expectation bias through enhanced awareness. In this exploratory paper, I extrapolate and map the conceptual demarcations of ‘teacher awareness’ based on a thematic analysis of twenty-six teacher expectation studies identified in a systematic literature search (2018–2023). I identify three analytical themes in the literature, and my analysis suggests that there is often a fundamental assumption of cognitive control attached to teacher awareness. In many teacher expectations studies, the formation of teacher expectations is characterised as an active process in which teachers integrate, assimilate and interpret student information using critical reasoning and analytical thinking. Furthermore, the analysis suggests that the conceptualisations of teacher awareness and the teacher expectation construct are interdependent. With reference to recent research which shows that teachers unconsciously process student information and have implicit bias when they form academic expectations, I argue that different conceptualisations of teacher awareness of expectation bias do not have equally practical applicability for teachers. By drawing on Dual Process Theory and educational sociological research, I argue that greater theoretical explication of the teacher expectation construct is necessary in future research to develop a concept of teacher awareness that is applicable to overcome expectation bias in teacher practice.