bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Twitter Women’s Tips on Academic Writing: A Female Response to Gioia’s Rules of the Game
Authors: Greenhalgh Trisha
Published: July 2019

This article, intended in a spirit of good humor, offers a critique of a paper by Gioia on how to get published. Based on a social media discussion to which 46 women academics from around the world contributed, we ask whether the recommendations in Gioia’s original paper are based on gendered assumptions and stereotypes (the “lone wolf” male academic competing with colleagues for a slot in a prestigious journal). Drawing on feminist scholars such as Mary Wollstonecraft (“Virtue can only flourish among equals”), we offer some additional recommendations which emphasize the importance of reflection, collaboration, acceptance of ambiguity, attention to audience and context, and nurturing self and others.
A School Nurse Application of the ECHO Model
Authors: Shimasaki Suzuho , Brunner Nii Pamela , Davis Lisa , Bishop Erin , Berget Cari , Perreault Christine , Thomas John F. “Fred”
Published: July 2019

Type I diabetes (T1D) is one of the most common childhood diseases and Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing at alarming rates. Given that children spend a great percentage of their time in school, this setting is a critical environment for models of care that lead to better management of this and other health conditions. The School Nurses Managing Diabetes Care ECHO was offered to Colorado school nurses to build their capacity in providing evidence-based management of T1D. The purpose of this effort was to (1) determine whether or not the model could be used as a tool of collaboration and dissemination for school nurses across Colorado and (2) assess the effectiveness of the “School Nurses Managing Diabetes Care” ECHO learning series. Post-series survey results demonstrated a 25% increase in self-efficacy ratings, moving learners from “average among my peers” toward “competent.” Additionally, all respondents planned to make one or more practice changes to improve care for students with T1D. Expanding the use of the ECHO model to implement intensive management of children and youth with T1D is critically important as rates of this and other chronic conditions continue to increase.
Homogenization of frame lattices leading to second gradient models coupling classical strain and strain-gradient terms
Authors: Abdoul-Anziz Houssam , Seppecher Pierre , Bellis Cédric
Published: July 2019

We determine in the framework of static linear elasticity the homogenized behavior of three-dimensional periodic structures made of welded elastic bars. It has been shown that such structures can be modeled as discrete systems of nodes linked by extensional, flexural/torsional interactions corresponding to frame lattices and that the corresponding homogenized models can be strain-gradient models, i.e., models whose effective elastic energy involves components of the first and the second gradients of the displacement field. However, in the existing models, there is no coupling between the classical strain and the strain-gradient terms in the expression of the effective energy. In the present article, under some assumptions on the positions of the nodes of the unit cell, we show that classical strain and strain-gradient strain terms can be coupled. In order to illustrate this coupling we compute the homogenized energy of a particular structure that we call asymmetrical pantographic structure.
A? Developmental? Path? To? Text? Quality?
Authors: Bazerman Charles
Published: July 2019

Writing development in early schooling can reveal much about the bigger picture of writing development. As any epoch in life, it presents its own dynamics that intersect with wider social, psychological, and language processes; follows on early epochs; and leads to later accomplishments. In addition, it is particularly strategic to untangle complex relations between technical and communicative abilities, and between curriculum and personal development. But to untangle these puzzles, we need to be careful in not assuming particular solutions implied in our terms. To place the studies here and elsewhere in relation to the broader and more complex investigation of writing development, this essay interrogates each term in the thematic title of this special issue.
Transgender Youth and Social Support: A Survey Study on the Effects of Good Relationships on Well-being and Mental Health
Authors: Alanko Katarina , Lund Heidi
Published: July 2019

Positive gender-supportive relationships have been found to promote well-being of transgender youth. The present study investigates how the quality of relationships to parents, friends and partners affects the mental well-being of transgender youth. An online survey was used for data collection. The sample consisted of 1,613 Finnish youth between 15 and 25 years of age. Youths who were identified as a transgender ( n = 370) were compared to cisgender (= no gender conflict, n = 1,243, mostly sexual minority youth) on measures of relationship quality and positive well-being. Transgender youth reported poorer well-being and relationships to parents than the control group did. Relationship quality predicted well-being of all participants, and there were no significant interactions between gender identity and relationship quality. Social support is important for transgender youth and has an impact on the well-being of youth regardless of gender identification.
Influence of refractive error on pupil diameters in highly myopic eyes with implantable collamer lenses
Authors: Zhu Yi , Yue Yu , Zhu Haobin , Chen Jili , Zhou Jibo
Published: July 2019

Purpose:

To investigate the influence of refractive error on pupil diameters in highly myopic eyes with implantable collamer lenses.

Setting:

Shanghai, China.

Design:

A prospective consecutive observational study.

Methods:

Sixty-six eyes of 66 patients that underwent ICL V4c implantation were included. Pupil diameters before and 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after surgery were measured using an automatic pupillometry system (MonCv3; Metrovision, Pérenchies, France) under four standardized illumination conditions: 0, 1, 10, and 100 cd/m2. The correlations between changes in pupil diameter and spherical equivalent values and patient age were investigated.

Results:

Based on preoperative spherical equivalent values, included eyes were divided into a high-myopia group (–6.3 to −9.9 D (diopters)) and a super-high-myopia group (–10 to −20 D). Pupil sizes remained unchanged after surgery in the high-myopia group and decreased at 1 and 10 cd/m2 in the super-high-myopia group. A between-group comparison showed that pupils were significantly smaller in the super-high-myopia group 1 week postoperatively under all illumination conditions and remained smaller at 1 month and 3 months under 1 and 10 cd/m2 lighting conditions. Preoperative spherical equivalent values were significantly correlated with the percent decrease in pupil diameter 1 week postoperatively under 0, 1, and 10 cd/m2 illumination conditions; the greater the degree of myopia, the greater the reduction in pupil diameter.

Conclusion:

Preoperative refractive error significantly affects pupil diameter in highly myopic eyes after implantable collamer lens implantation. Pupils of super highly myopic eyes remained smaller than preoperative levels under mesopic conditions after implantable collamer lens implantation.
Classroom Evaluation of Online Quizzing and Concept Building Exercises Embedded in an Integrated Learning System
Authors: Nevid Jeffrey S. , Gordon Alexander J. , Terjesen Mark D. , Hicks Ashley
Published: July 2019

The advent of the integrated learning system (ILS) offers instructors opportunities to provide students with feedback-enabled, interactive learning exercises as online supplements to assigned textbooks. Major college publishers are now bundling an ILS with many of their textbook offerings in undergraduate courses in psychology and other fields. We incorporated an ILS in two separate classes in introductory psychology and evaluated the learning benefits of requiring ILS quizzing and concept-building exercises embedded within the ILS. The two classes were taught by different instructors using the same textbook and course examinations. We incentivized use of these ILS resources by allocating a substantial portion of the student's grade to performance on online assignments. Our findings suggest potential learning benefits of requiring these ILS resources. As learning benefits were limited to students in the upper third of the class distribution, additional efforts may be needed to help poorer performing students utilize online resources more effectively.
The importance of clinical documentation improvement for Australian hospitals
Authors: Hay Patricia , Wilton Kathy , Barker Jennifer , Mortley Julie , Cumerlato Megan
Published: July 2019

Clinical documentation improvement (CDI) is a recent initiative gaining increased momentum in Australia. The benefits surrounding its success internationally include improved quality and patient safety outcomes and increased reimbursement. The premise of CDI is simple: engage clinicians to improve the clinical documentation in the medical record in “real time” so that it is fit for reporting, analysis and reimbursement. Every country has differing healthcare systems and this article has focused on validating the relevancy of CDI for the Australian healthcare environment.
Infectious Disease Prevalence, Not Race Exposure, Predicts Both Implicit and Explicit Racial Prejudice Across the United States
Authors: O’Shea Brian A. , Watson Derrick G. , Brown Gordon D. A. , Fincher Corey L.
Published: July 2019

What factors increase racial prejudice? Across the United States, increased exposure to Black Americans has been hypothesized to increase White Americans’ prejudicial attitudes toward Black Americans. Here we test an alternative explanation: People living in regions with higher infectious disease rates have a greater tendency to avoid out-groups because such avoidance reduces their perceived likelihood of contracting illnesses. Consistent with this parasite-stress hypothesis, we show that both White and Black individuals ( N > 77,000) living in U.S. states in which disease rates are higher display increased implicit (automatic) and explicit (conscious) racial prejudice. These results survived the inclusion of several individual- and state-level controls previously used to explain variability in prejudice. Furthermore, showing disease-related primes to White individuals with strong germ aversion increased their explicit, but not implicit, anti-Black/pro-White prejudice. Domestic out-groups, not just foreigners, may therefore experience increased overt forms of prejudice when disease rates are high.
Systematic endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration improves radiotherapy planning in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Cole Aidan Joseph , Hardcastle Nicholas , Turgeon Guy-Anne , Thomas Roshini , Irving Louis B. , Jennings Barton R. , Ball David , Kron Tomas , Steinfort Daniel P. , Siva Shankar
Published: July 2019

Objectives

Patients suitable for radical chemoradiotherapy for lung cancer routinely have radiotherapy (planning) volumes based on positron emission tomography (PET)-computed tomography (CT) imaging alone. Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) can identify PET-occult malignancy and benign PET-avid regions. We investigated the impact of EBUS-TBNA on curative-intent radiotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods

A prospective multicentre trial was undertaken, investigating the impact of systematic EBUS-TBNA in addition to PET-CT for patients considered for radical chemoradiotherapy with NSCLC. A subset analysis of patients with discordant findings between PET-CT and EBUS-TBNA was performed. Radiotherapy plans investigated tumour coverage and dose to critical organs at risk (OARs) using PET-CT alone in comparison to PET-CT and EBUS-TBNA.

Results

Of 30 patients enrolled, 10 had discordant findings between PET-CT and EBUS-TBNA. EBUS-TBNA-derived plans allowed for reduction in dose to OARs in patients downstaged by EBUS-TBNA, and reduced the risk of geographic miss in treating PET-occult disease in four patients where EBUS-TBNA identified malignant involvement of PET-negative lymphadenopathy. With the addition of EBUS-TBNA to radiotherapy planning, reductions were noted of 5.7%, 3.7% and 12.5% for the risks of symptomatic pneumonitis, mean heart dose and mean oesophageal dose, respectively.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates for the first time that systematic EBUS-TBNA prior to radical-intent radiotherapy significantly improves coverage of subclinical disease through detection of PET-occult metastases. Identification of false-positive lymph node involvement in highly selected cases may reduce radiation dose to critical structures, and risk of organ toxicity.
Precursor-induced conditional random fields: connecting separate entities by induction for improved clinical named entity recognition
Authors: Lee Wangjin , Choi Jinwook
Published: July 2019

Background

This paper presents a conditional random fields (CRF) method that enables the capture of specific high-order label transition factors to improve clinical named entity recognition performance. Consecutive clinical entities in a sentence are usually separated from each other, and the textual descriptions in clinical narrative documents frequently indicate causal or posterior relationships that can be used to facilitate clinical named entity recognition. However, the CRF that is generally used for named entity recognition is a first-order model that constrains label transition dependency of adjoining labels under the Markov assumption.

Methods

Based on the first-order structure, our proposed model utilizes non-entity tokens between separated entities as an information transmission medium by applying a label induction method. The model is referred to as precursor-induced CRF because its non-entity state memorizes precursor entity information, and the model’s structure allows the precursor entity information to propagate forward through the label sequence.

Results

We compared the proposed model with both first- and second-order CRFs in terms of their F1-scores, using two clinical named entity recognition corpora (the i2b2 2012 challenge and the Seoul National University Hospital electronic health record). The proposed model demonstrated better entity recognition performance than both the first- and second-order CRFs and was also more efficient than the higher-order model.

Conclusion

The proposed precursor-induced CRF which uses non-entity labels as label transition information improves entity recognition F1 score by exploiting long-distance transition factors without exponentially increasing the computational time. In contrast, a conventional second-order CRF model that uses longer distance transition factors showed even worse results than the first-order model and required the longest computation time. Thus, the proposed model could offer a considerable performance improvement over current clinical named entity recognition methods based on the CRF models.
A controlled field experiment to investigate the deterioration of earthen heritage by wind and rain
Authors: Richards J. , Zhao G. , Zhang H. , Viles H.
Published: July 2019

Earthen heritage constitutes 10% of sites on the World Heritage List and many of these sites are experiencing extensive deterioration caused by environmental forces, such as wind and rain. This study used a well-established test wall to investigate the impact of environmental conditions on the deterioration of earthen heritage at the remote and under-studied site of Suoyang Ancient City, Gansu Province, China, which is exhibiting widespread deterioration. Test walls have previously been used in earthen heritage research as they allow controlled experiments to be undertaken on complex, realistic structures without risking damage or loss of value to the historic material. This study used portable wind and rain erosion simulation devices to investigate experimentally (i) the comparative effect of wind, sediment-laden wind and wind-driven rain in causing deterioration to earthen heritage and (ii) how the incipient deterioration features produced by wind, sediment-laden wind and wind-driven rain on the test wall relate to the deterioration features recorded on the historic city walls. The test wall was subjected to low, medium and high intensities of clean wind, sediment-laden wind and wind-driven rain. The extent of deterioration produced was measured using repeat, high resolution laser scans before and after each test run. The deterioration features caused by each environmental force were notably different with clean wind removing the loose surface material, sediment-laden wind causing pitting and wind-driven rain causing incipient gullying. These incipient features compare well with more developed features seen on the historic walls. Wind-driven rain caused the greatest amount of deterioration while clean wind caused the least. However, as the frequency and duration of wind events at Suoyang is much greater than those of rain events, wind is likely to play an important role in the deterioration of earthen heritage over annual timescales. These findings show that conservation strategies at rammed earth sites like Suoyang need to address the impact of multiple environmental forces, such as clean wind, sediment laden wind and wind-driven rain.
Comparison of screening strategies for Lynch syndrome in patients with newly diagnosed endometrial cancer: a prospective cohort study in China
Authors: Chao Xiaopei , Li Lei , Wu Ming , Ma Shuiqing , Tan Xianjie , Zhong Sen , Bi Yalan , Lang Jinghe
Published: July 2019

Background

The prevalence of Lynch syndrome and screening strategies for this disorder in Chinese patients with endometrial cancer have seldom been investigated. Such data would be essential for the screening, prevention, genetic counseling, and treatment of Lynch syndrome. The purpose of this prospective study was to determine the accuracy of the mismatch repair (MMR) protein immunohistochemistry (IHC), microsatellite instability (MSI) test, and clinical diagnostic criteria in screening for Lynch syndrome‐associated endometrial cancer (LS‐EC) in a prospective Chinese cohort.

Methods

All patients with newly diagnosed endometrial cancer (EC) were evaluated using clinical diagnostic criteria (Amsterdam II criteria and the revised Bethesda guidelines), MSI test, and IHC of MMR proteins in tumor tissues. For all patients, the screening results were compared with results of germline sequencing for pathogenic variants of MMR genes.

Results

Between December 2017 and August 2018, a total of 111 unselected patients with newly diagnosed EC were enrolled. Six patients (5.4%) harbored a pathogenic germline mutation of MMR genes: 1 had a mutation in MutL homolog 1 (MLH1), 2 in MutS homolog 2 (MSH2), and 3 in MutS homolog 6 (MSH6). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for identifying LS‐EC were 33.3%, 88.6%, 14.3%, and 95.9%, for the clinical criteria, 66.7%, 75.0%, 14.3%, and 97.3% for IHC of MMR proteins, 100%, 89.9%, 33.3%, and 100% for MSI test, and 100%, 72.4%, 20.0% and 100% for combined IHC and MSI test, respectively. The combination of IHC and MSI test had higher sensitivity and PPV than the clinical criteria (p = 0.030). MSI test and IHC were highly concordant for LS‐EC screening (73/77, 94.8%).

Conclusion

The accuracy of the combination of IHC of MMR proteins and MSI test for screening LS among Chinese patients with EC was superior to that of the clinical criteria.

Trial registration NCT03291106. Registered on September 25, 2017
Impact of BRAF V600E and TERT Promoter Mutations on Response to Therapy in Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Trybek Tomasz , Walczyk Agnieszka , Gąsior-Perczak Danuta , Pałyga Iwona , Mikina Estera , Kowalik Artur , Hińcza Kinga , Kopczyński Janusz , Chrapek Magdalena , Góźdź Stanisław , Kowalska Aldona
Published: July 2019

In this study, we examined the relationship between coexisting BRAF V600E and TERT promoter mutations in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and response to therapy. PTC cases (n = 568) with known BRAF and TERT status, diagnosed from 2000 to 2012 and actively monitored at one institution, were reviewed retrospectively. Associations between BRAF V600E and TERT promoter mutations and clinicopathological features, Tumor-Node-Metastasis stage, initial risk, response to therapy, follow-up, and final disease outcome were assessed according to American Thyroid Association 2015 criteria and the American Joint Committee on Cancer/Tumor-Node-Metastasis (8th edition) staging system. Median follow-up was 120 months. TERT promoter mutations (any type) were detected in 13.5% (77/568) of PTC cases with known BRAF status. The C228T and C250T TERT hotspot mutations were found in 54 (9.5%) and 23 (4%) patients, respectively, and 22 other TERT promoter alterations were identified. Coexisting BRAF V600E and TERT hotspot promoter mutations were detected in 9.5% (54/568) of patients, and significantly associated with older patient age (P = 0.001), gross extrathyroidal extension (P = 0.003), tumor stage pT3-4 (P = 0.005), stage II to IV (P = 0.019), intermediate or high initial risk (P = 0.003), worse than excellent response to primary therapy (P = 0.045), recurrence (P = 0.015), and final outcome of no remission (P = 0.014). We conclude that coexisting BRAF V600E and TERT mutations in patients with PTC are associated with poor initial prognostic factors and clinical course and may be useful for predicting a worse response to therapy, recurrence, and poorer outcome than in patients without the above mutations.
The good, the bad and the slimy: experimental studies of hagfish digestive and nutritional physiology
Authors: Glover Chris N. , Weinrauch Alyssa M.
Published: July 2019

The hagfishes provide valuable insight into the physiology of feeding, digestion and nutrient absorption by virtue of unusual and unique features of their biology. For example, members of this group undergo long periods of fasting, and are the only vertebrates known to absorb organic nutrients across their epidermal surface. Such properties engender significant attention from researchers interested in feeding and feeding-related processes; however, the practical realities of employing the hagfish as an experimental organism can be challenging. Many of the key tools of the experimental biologist are compromised by a species that does not readily feed in captivity, is difficult to instrument and which produces copious quantities of slime. This Commentary provides critical insight into the key aspects of hagfish feeding and digestive processes, and highlights the pitfalls of this group as experimental organisms. We also suggest key research gaps that, if filled, will lead to better understanding of hagfishes, and we consider how this group may advance our knowledge of feeding, digestion and nutrient absorption processes.
Correlates of Children’s Physical Activity: A Canadian Multisite Study
Authors: LAROUCHE RICHARD , BLANCHETTE SÉBASTIEN , FAULKNER GUY , RIAZI NEGIN , TRUDEAU FRANÇOIS , TREMBLAY MARK S.
Published: July 2019

Purpose

To inform future physical activity (PA) interventions among children, we investigated the correlates of PA among 8- to 12-yr-olds in three regions of Canada: Ottawa, Trois-Rivières, and Vancouver.

Methods

We recruited 1699 children (55.0% girls) in 37 schools located in urban, suburban, and rural areas that differed in socioeconomic status. Children wore a sealed SC-StepRx pedometer capable of measuring moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) for seven consecutive days. Children and one of their parents/guardians completed a questionnaire that captured multiple potential PA correlates. Publicly available data on weather and neighborhood walkability were obtained. Multiply-imputed gender-stratified linear mixed models were used to examine the correlates of daily step counts and MVPA while controlling for age, site, type of urbanization, and area-level socioeconomic status.

Results

Each additional hour spent outdoors was associated with higher PA in boys (+769 steps per day; +3.7 min MVPA per day) and girls (+596 steps per day; +3.5 min·d−1). Boys’ PA declined with age (−500 steps per day; −3.7 min·d−1). Boys were less active if they had a long-standing injury/illness (−1862 steps per day; −3.7 min·d−1) or their parents reported driving to work (−835 steps per day; −4.4 min·d−1), were worried about traffic (−982 steps per day; −6.4 min·d−1), or about other people in their neighborhood (−1250 steps per day). Girls speaking neither English nor French at home were less active (−620 steps per day; −3.7 min·d−1). In girls, each degree Celsius increase in morning temperature was associated with 77 additional steps per day, and each kilometer increase in active school travel distance was associated with 0.5 more MVPA minutes per day.

Conclusion

Consistent with previous studies, our results suggest that PA interventions should aim to increase outdoor time. The observed gender differences in PA correlates suggest the need for a gender-sensitized approach to PA promotion.
Understanding the contribution of UK public health research to clinical guidelines: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Guthrie Susan , Cochrane Gavin , Deshpande Advait , Macaluso Benoit , Larivière Vincent
Published: July 2019

Background: There is an increasing need to understand the wider impacts of research on society and the economy. For health research, a key focus is understanding the impact of research on practice and ultimately on patient outcomes. This can be challenging to measure, but one useful proxy for changes in practice is impact on guidelines.

Methods: The aim of this study is to map the contribution of UK research and UK research funders to the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) public health guidelines, understanding areas of strengths and weakness and the level of collaboration and coordination across countries and between funders. The work consisted of two main elements: analysis of the references cited on NICE guidelines and interviews with experts in public health.

Results: Across the papers cited on 62 NICE public health guidelines, we find that 28% of the papers matched include at least one UK affiliation, which is relatively high when compared to other health fields. In total, 165 unique funders were identified with more than three acknowledgements, based in 20 countries. 68% of papers which acknowledge funding cite at least one UK funder, and NIHR is the most highly cited funder in the sample.  

Conclusions: The UK makes an important contribution to public health research cited on NICE PH guidelines, although the research does not appear to be bibliometrically distinct from other research sectors, other than having a relatively low level of international collaboration. However, the extent to which NICE public health guidelines reflect practice at the local authority level is less clear. More research is needed to understand the sources of evidence to support public health decision making at the local level and how NICE guidance can be made more applicable, timely and accessible in this new context.
Geometric-Graphic Student Olympiad in St. Petersburg
Authors: Абросимов С. , Abrosimov S. , Тихонов-Бугров Д. , Tikhonov-Bugrov D. , Глазунов К. , Glazunov K.
Published: July 2019

Two geometric-graphic Olympiads are held in St. Petersburg: the urban Olympiad in descriptive geometry, initiated by BSTU “VOENMECH” since 1979, and the Olympiad called “Engineering Computer Graphics”, conducted by LETI and ITMO. The peculiarity of the Olympiad in descriptive geometry is its democracy. Its content and organization features are supervised by the professional community, which is united by the section “Geometry, Graphics, Design” of the House of Scientists named after M. Gorky. Competition tasks are developed not only by the organizers. Accepted and suggestions of participants. The content of the Olympiad eventually changes, contributing to its development. Thus, at the suggestion of a number of participants, a comprehensive task was introduced to know the main sections of the course, the task of composition of the task. Despite the withdrawal of the course of descriptive geometry from a number of standards, the fundamentals of this discipline are kept up to date with engineering graphics, which ensures participation in the Olympiad of 7–10 leading technical universities of the city. Olympiad in engineering computer graphics can be attributed to the problem: the level of tasks, focused exclusively on the bachelor degree; on the principles of organization (problem bank of tasks, features of the appeals process); authoritarian chairman of the jury. As a result, it was boycotted by universities, which, unlike the winners, show decent results at All-Russian Olympiads. Among the All-Russian Olympiads, the Olympiad held by MIT stands out. The organizers managed to create a complex competition, which included the ability to solve interesting applied problems on an orthogonal drawing, possession of tools for creating three-dimensional models and drawings of technical products. Given the experience of MIT, the need to create in St. Petersburg an alternative computer graphics competition that is not purely instrumental in nature, the GUT organized an Olympiad called “Total Drawing”. This competition, held under the direction of the chairman of the jury of Professor D.Voloshinov, is gaining popularity. The article discusses and analyzes the principles of organization and the content of these competitions, offers for their modernization and development.
Does fluoroscopy prevent inadvertent parathyroidectomy in thyroid surgery?
Authors: DiMarco A , Chotalia R , Bloxham R , McIntyre C , Tolley N , Palazzo FF
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Near-infrared imaging may facilitate intraoperative identification of parathyroid glands by causing autofluorescence but its clinical value has not been established. Inadvertent parathyroidectomy occurs in 5–22% of thyroidectomies and is associated with temporary and permanent hypoparathyroidism. The aim of this study was to determine whether near-infrared imaging prevents inadvertent parathyroidectomy and early hypocalcaemia as a surrogate for permanent hypoparathyroidism.

Materials and methods

Near-infrared imaging was used in a prospective cohort of consecutive thyroidectomies. Thyroidectomies performed prior to the introduction of near-infrared imaging formed a control group. The thyroid bed and specimen were scanned with near-infrared imaging. Areas of autofluorescence on the specimen were examined and any parathyroid tissue found was autotransplanted. Inadvertent parathyroidectomy was therefore recorded as established intraoperatively by near-infrared imaging (allowing autotransplantation) or on subsequent histology (missed). Serum calcium and parathyroid hormone were measured on day one and at two weeks and six months postoperatively.

Results

A total of 269 patients were included: 106 near-infrared imaging and 163 controls. Inadvertent parathyroidectomy was detected by near-infrared imaging in two (and autotransplantation performed) and histologically (i.e. missed by near-infrared imaging in 13, 12.3% vs 17, 10.4% controls). Neither result was statistically significant (P = 0.08, 0.89). There was no significant difference in serum calcium or parathyroid hormone between near-infrared imaging and control groups at one day, two weeks or thereafter.

Discussion

Near-infrared imaging may detect inadvertent parathyroidectomy and may allow autotransplantation. It did not, however, reduce the incidence of missed inadvertent parathyroidectomy and no difference was seen in early hypocalcaemia or late hypoparathyroidism. Current near-infrared imaging technology does not appear to confer a clinical benefit sufficient to justify its use.
CAPTAÇÃO DE ÁGUA DA CHUVA COMO ALTERNATIVA PARA A SEGURANÇA HÍDRICA NO POVOADO DE CANTO NO MUNICÍPIO DE SERRINHA-BA
Authors: Matos Franciele Queiroz de
Published: July 2019

A atuação da Articulação do Semiárido Brasileiro (ASA), no que se refere à constituição e execução de programas em parceria com o governo federal, é foco central desse texto. Assim, analisamos a experiência do uso de tecnologias sociais de captação de água da chuva, através da execução do Programa Um Milhão de Cisternas Rurais – P1MC e do Programa Uma Terra e Duas Águas – P1+2, com o objetivo de desvelar as principais estratégias para efetivação de uma política de segurança hídrica para o semiárido brasileiro, num contexto onde predomina a tese de convivência com o semiárido em detrimento das velhas ideias de combate a seca.
Effect of Lipoprotein(a) on the Diagnosis of Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Does It Make a Difference in the Clinic?
Authors: Chan Dick C , Pang Jing , Hooper Amanda J , Bell Damon A , Burnett John R , Watts Gerald F
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND

Diagnostic tools for familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) rely on estimation of LDL cholesterol concentration. However, routine measurement or calculation of LDL cholesterol concentration using the Friedewald equation contains a cholesterol contribution from lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)]. We investigated whether Lp(a) influences the phenotypic diagnosis of FH by commonly used clinical criteria.

METHODS

A cohort of 907 adult index patients attending a clinic were studied. The Dutch Lipid Clinic Network (DLCN) and Simon Broome (SB) diagnostic criteria were estimated before and after adjusting LDL cholesterol concentration for the cholesterol content (30%) of Lp(a). Diagnostic reclassification rates and area under the ROC (AUROC) curves in predicting an FH mutation were also compared.

RESULTS

Seventy-four patients defined by DLCN criteria (8.2%) and 207 patients defined by SB criteria (22.8%) were reclassified to “unlikely” FH after adjusting LDL cholesterol for Lp(a) cholesterol. The proportion of FH patients defined by DLCN (probable/definite) and SB (possible/definite) criteria decreased significantly in patients with increased Lp(a) (>0.5 g/L; n = 330) after Lp(a) cholesterol adjustment (P < 0.01). The overall reclassification rate was significantly higher in patients with Lp(a) concentration >1.0 g/L (P < 0.001). The AUROC curve for LDL cholesterol concentration ≥191 mg/dL (≥5.0 mmol/L), DLCN criteria, and SB criteria in predicting an FH mutation increased significantly after adjustment (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in AUROC curve before and after Lp(a) cholesterol adjustment at an LDL cholesterol concentration ≥251 mg/dL (≥6.5 mmol/L).

CONCLUSIONS

Adjusting LDL cholesterol concentration for Lp(a) cholesterol improves the diagnostic accuracy of DLCN and SB criteria, especially with Lp(a) >1.0 g/L and LDL cholesterol <251 mg/dL (<6.5 mmol/L). Lp(a) should be measured in all patients suspected of having FH.
Molecular diversity of the invA gene obtained from human and egg samples
Authors: Kadry Mona , Nader Sara Mohamed , Dorgham Sohad M. , Kandil Mai M.
Published: July 2019

Background and Aim: Salmonellosis is one of the most common foodborne bacterial diseases in the world. The great majority of Salmonella infections in humans are foodborne with Salmonella enterica and Salmonella Typhimurium accounting for a major part of the problem. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of invA gene in strains of Salmonellae isolated from eggs and diarrheal swabs from human cases. In addition, the relationship between invA gene nucleotide sequences from different sources (human stool and egg samples) have been studied through phylogenetic tree. Materials and Methods: One hundred and seventy eggs (eggshell and its contents) and 160 stool swabs samples were collected from four poultry farms and medical hospital in Giza Governorate. Results: The study reported the presence of two Salmonella strains in eggshell surface with an overall isolation rate of 1.2 and 0% of the egg content. Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium were isolated from eggshell surface with an incidence of 50% for each strain. Six salmonella strains were isolated from human stool with an incidence of 3.75%; the isolated strains are S. Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis, Salmonella Virchow, Salmonella Haifa, and Salmonella Kentucky with an incidence of 33.3%, 16.6%, 16.6%, 16.6%, and 16.6%, respectively. Among eight Salmonella strains, invA gene was detected with percentage of 50%. The phylogenetic analysis of the sequences invA gene, from two isolates included in this study and five isolates retrieved from GenBank showed that sequence from human, layer hens, egg, and water in the same clusters. Conclusion: Close relation between drinking contaminated water and layer hens and contaminated water is one such source.
Maternal Indigenous and Artisanal Coastal Nutrition, the SDG Imperative: A Suggested Renaissance of Ethics for Research and Tertiary Education in the Anthropocene Era
Authors: Watts Paul D.
Published: July 2019

Maternal nutrition is at the core of any principle-centered projection of Sustainable Development Goals. Without the developmental health of newborns – there is no quality future. Specifically, there are situations all around the globe where Indigenous and Artisanal coastal people suffer from maternal malnutrition inadvertently limiting future potentials in many locations that will be most challenged by climate change. Results from research with Artisanal Fisherfolk in the Philippines and analysis of harvest by the Canadian Inuit people are discussed in terms of the ethics of setting national as well as global education and research priorities.
Isolated Intestinal Ganglioneuroma Mimicking Small Bowel Crohn's Disease
Authors: Badrinath Madhuri , Mandru Rachana , Lowe Dhruv , Manocha Divey , Achufusi Ted
Published: July 2019

Ganglioneuromas (GNs) are hamartomatous tumors derived from the autonomic nervous system. GNs are frequently associated with neurofibromatosis-1 and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2b and commonly present with constipation, abdominal pain, weight loss, obstruction, and gastrointestinal bleeding. We report a 40-year-old man with symptoms of chronic abdominal pain, weight loss, and diarrhea for 1 year. Imaging was suggestive of thickening of ileal wall with a stricture, and subsequent biopsy revealed intestinal GN. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of an isolated intestinal GN masquerading as Crohn's disease.
Utility of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in the Treatment of Intraductal Papillary Neoplasm of the Bile Duct
Authors: Patel Nicolas , Goodman Adam
Published: July 2019

Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct is a rare bile duct tumor that displays a range of cytoarchitectural atypia and is recognized as a precursor of invasive carcinoma. We present a 71-year-old woman with a recent diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma, who presented with acute cholangitis secondary to an obstructive intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct. The patient underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, which identified the lesion, and on biliary sweep, the polyp presented externally and she underwent successful polypectomy with resolution of the infection.
Intramural Hematoma Causing Hematochezia After Colonoscopy With Polypectomy
Authors: Gavrić Aleksandar , Dežman Rok , Stefanović Sebastian , Drnovšek Jan , Štabuc Borut
Published: July 2019

Intramural hematoma of the colon is a rare complication of colonoscopy. We present a case of a 78-year-old woman on warfarin who presented with hematochezia and hypotension due to intramural hematoma of the sigmoid colon after colonoscopy with polypectomy of small polyps in the right colon.
Strongyloides stercoralis Hyperinfection and Concomitant Cytomegalovirus Gastroenteritis in an Immunocompromised Host
Authors: Crowe Brooks R. , Duenas Sean M. , Serrano Antonio , Kingsbery Joseph , Williams Renee
Published: July 2019

Strongyloides stercoralis infection typically presents with nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms and no definitive or pathognomonic endoscopic findings. Disease burden can vary depending on a patient's immune status. Immunocompromised patients with strongyloidiasis can develop tremendous disease burden, extraintestinal dissemination, and are at risk for coinfection with other organisms. We present the case of an immunocompromised patient presenting with multiple gastrointestinal complaints found to have S. stercoralis hyperinfection and concomitant cytomegalovirus gastroenteritis.
GENERAL MODEL OF RADIATIVE AND CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER IN BUILDINGS: PART I: ALGEBRAIC MODEL OF RADIATIVE HEAT TRANSFER
Authors: Ficker Tomáš
Published: July 2019

Radiative heat transfer is the most effective mechanism of energy transport inside buildings. One of the methods capable of computing the radiative heat transport is based on the system of algebraic equations. The algebraic method has been initially developed by mechanical engineers for wide range of thermal engineering problems. The first part of the present serial paper describes the basic features of the algebraic model and illustrates its applicability in the field of building physics. The computations of radiative heat transfer both in building enclosures and also in open building envelopes are discussed and their differences explained. The present paper serves as a preparation stage for the development of a more general model evaluating heat losses of buildings. The general model comprises both the radiative and convective heat transfers and is presented in the second part of this serial contribution.
Segurança e saúde dos pescadores de camarão em Bertioga-SP: Um estudo com foco nos fatores atmosféricos
Authors: De Souza Gilmar Ortiz , Bitencourt Daniel Pires
Published: July 2019

No trabalho do pescador marítimo há sempre alto risco de acidentes, com gravidade que varia desde pequenas lesões até mortes por afogamento. Tanto para segurança como para a saúde, esses riscos são potencializados devido aos fatores atmosféricos, tais como tempestades, vento, radiação solar, umidade, calor, frio, entre outros. Por tudo isso, a pesca é considerada a atividade mais perigosa do mundo, merecendo constantes adequações de normas e procedimentos, assim como de políticas públicas adequadas. Com intuito de contribuir com essas ações no Brasil, propõe-se nesse estudo analisar as condições de trabalho de um grupo de pescadores frente aos fatores atmosféricos. Para isso, aplicou-se um questionário em 20 pescadores de camarão de Bertioga-SP, buscando identificar quais são as medidas de controle adotadas por eles para evitar os acidentes e doenças. Os resultados revelaram precárias condições de trabalho e alta vulnerabilidade desses trabalhadores. Constatou-se que existem riscos de acidentes e doenças na atividade da pesca de camarão e que os fatores atmosféricos contribuem significativamente para o aumento desse risco. As precárias condições de trabalho são agravadas pela ausência de métodos adequados e de medidas preventivas e emergenciais.
"Sou menos/Quando não sou líquida"
Authors: Silva Sandro Adriano da
Published: July 2019

Este artigo pretende uma análise do poema “I”, da obra Alcoólicas (1989), de Hilda Hilst, considerando os elementos de sua configuração poética e presença de uma imaginação simbólica em torno do elemento água em sua face etílica. A arquitetônica do poema e o imaginário fundem-se na captação e expressão da experiência de um sujeito poético solitário que margeia sentidos de dissolvência pela embriaguez da subjetividade lírica diante do imponderável existir. E ainda assim celebra a Vida. É nessa faixa criadora que se situa Alcoólicas, cujos poemas afirmam-se na ubiquidade do arquétipo água – desde sempre apontado como arké, fonte ou origem da vida e da morte – que os nutre no essencial, violento e ambíguo confluir da atividade imaginante da poeta.

Palavras-chave: Poesia brasileira. Hilda Hilst. Alcoólicas. Poética. Imaginação simbólica.
Ciclos míticos do sul
Authors: Mora Arthur Katrein
Published: July 2019

Ciclos míticos podem modificar uma linguagem – costumes, imaginário – para além do reconhecimento, alterando profundamente as relações de uma população com a sua terra. Relações estas que transitam entre tradição e progresso, manutenção e destruição, quebra e continuidade, e que permeiam a narrativa de Assim na terra, romance de Luiz Sérgio Metz. O espaço do Rio Grande do Sul, seus edifícios e seus personagens, além de seu processo histórico, encontra na literatura e em seu repertório de mitos, símbolos e tradições, um novo vigor que ilustra o consolo dos eufemismos frente ao esquecimento e a morte. Entre a afetividade poética dos espaços de Gaston Bachelard (1975) e as harmonias e redundâncias da imaginação simbólica de Gilbert Durand (1982;1988;1996), testemunhamos na obra de Metz uma jornada rumo à afirmação da saudade, intuição afetiva que dá sentido ao olvido e aos ciclos míticos da qual deriva.

Palavras-chave: imaginário, literatura gaúcha, ciclos míticos, Bachelard, Durand.
Formas e cores do imaginário na construção de um mito
Authors: Silva Vera Maria Tietzmann
Published: July 2019

Este artigo pretende analisar a ilustração de Chico Moleque, um sonho de liberdade, de Maria Luiza Batista Bretas. Trata-se da história de um ex-escravo que comprou a sua alforria e a da sua família e fundou um quilombo em Goiás para abrigar outros negros que quisessem lá viver em liberdade. Apesar de a narrativa ser bastante simples e despretensiosa, as imagens criadas por Santiago Regis, devido a seu teor simbólico e místico, dão uma dimensão maior aos subentendidos da história.

Palavras-chave: Narrativa infantil. Escravidão no Brasil. Chico Moleque. Herói negro
Figurações da voragem em Duas Iguais (1998), de Cíntia Moscovich
Authors: Martins Gabriel Silveira
Published: July 2019

O presente artigo busca explorar a temática da voragem na obra Duas iguais (1998), da escritora sul-rio-grandense Cíntia Moscovich (1958 –). Tomando a voragem como símbolo central da narrativa de Moscovich, buscamos identificar os diferentes elementos (alimentos, ritos de preparação, refeições, aromas etc.) presentes ao longo da trama e os modos pelos quais estabelecem vínculos com as diferentes relações entre a narradora-personagem Clara e os demais personagens da obra. De imediato, identificamos três diferentes polos em que o imaginário da comida aparece com significações distintas: no espaço familiar, na vida ao lado do marido e nas descrições da personagem Ana, com quem a protagonista vive um secreto caso de amor. Por fim, reforçamos a intrincada relação entre linguagem poética e discussão ética como um dos elementos de destaque da obra de Moscovich.

Palavras-chave: Literatura e imaginário. Literatura intimista. Autoria feminina sul-rio-grandense
Expediente
Authors: Nunes Freitas Souza Enivalda
Published: July 2019

Expediente
Lean optimization model for managing the yield of pima cotton (gossipier Barba dense) in small- and medium-sized farms in the Peruvian coast areas
Authors: Rojas Claudia , Quispe Grimaldo , Raymundo Carlos
Published: July 2019

This study proposes a lean manufacturing-based optimization model to standardize “Pima cotton” crop yields in the Peruvian coast areas toward the north of Piura as the study area. The study also discusses how Pima cotton is grown in the Peruvian cost areas. This is represented in 2 stages: diagnosis and development of the cotton crop model. The diagnosis stage consists of 3 steps, and the development stage consists of 2 steps. The interrelation of each stage has been identified with the lean manufacturing principle for the improvement of crop yield. Results showed that to increase current crop yield in Piura to 172 bushels/ha as well as determine the quantities of resources and raw materials required considering a standardized crop production process. The limitations of the research depend on the climatic conditions in Peru. The main contribution of this research is to propose a model using which farmers may produce Pima cotton by utilizing the indicators proposed to increase the process control. In addition, the paper proposes a standardized crop production process that farmers must follow, supported by a mathematical model simulation.