bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermally Activated Upconversion Near‐Infrared Photoluminescence from Carbon Dots Synthesized via Microwave Assisted Exfoliation
Authors: Li Di , Liang Chao , Ushakova Elena V. , Sun Minghong , Huang Xiaodan , Zhang Xiaoyu , Jing Pengtao , Yoo Seung Jo , Kim Jin‐Gyu , Liu Enshan , Zhang Wei , Jing Lihong , Xing Guichuan , Zheng Weitao , Tang Zikang , Qu Songnan , Rogach Andrey L.
Published: November 2019

Upconversion near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) are important for imaging applications. Herein, thermally activated upconversion photoluminescence (UCPL) in the NIR region, with an emission peak at 784 nm, which appears under 808 nm continuous‐wave laser excitation, are realized in the NIR absorbing/emissive CDs (NIR‐CDs). The NIR‐CDs are synthesized by microwave‐assisted exfoliation of red emissive CDs in dimethylformamide, and feature single or few‐layered graphene‐like cores. This structure provides an enhanced contact area of the graphene‐like plates in the core with the electron‐acceptor carbonyl groups in dimethylformamide, which contributes to the main NIR absorption band peaked at 724 nm and a tail band in 800–850 nm. Temperature‐dependent photoluminescence spectra and transient absorption spectra confirm that the UCPL of NIR‐CDs is due to the thermally activated electron transitions in the excited state, rather than the multiphoton absorption process. Temperature dependent upconversion NIR luminescence imaging is demonstrated for NIR‐CDs embedded in a polyvinyl pyrrolidone film, and the NIR upconversion luminescence imaging in vivo using NIR‐CDs in a mouse model is accomplished.
Bridge across the Schorgast Valley – design process for an exciting cable‐stayed bridge
Authors: Schäpertöns Bernhard , Schäfer Daniel , Näßl Andreas
Published: November 2019

Kurita‐Albrecht Best Technical Paper Award – Steel at 12th Japan German Bridge Symposium, September 2018 in Munich

The bridge across the Schorgast Valley is based on a competition‐winning design. It comprises an overhead structure consisting of six pylons each with 10 stay cables and a slender composite cross‐section with a torsion‐resistant steel box as the bridge superstructure.

The jury concluded that the competition submission was a self‐assured accomplishment integrating harmoniously into the sensitive landscape of the Schorgast Valley. The substructure solution shows great transparency, emphasizing the significance of the superstructure. All in all, the design is a convincing contribution to the region's building culture characterized by innovative spirit and creative power.

The structural analysis of the cross‐girders and the supporting frame structures is explained in this article. To this end, the section forces from the global model were applied to a local finite element model.
Snow loads on flat roofs with elevated solar panel arrays
Authors: Grammou Natascha , Pertermann Ina , Puthli Ram
Published: November 2019

The installation of solar (or photovoltaic, PV) panels (also arrays) on flat roofs is becoming increasingly popular. Experimental investigations have not only provided qualitative results for snow load distributions, but also quantitative results that enable snow load shape coefficients to be derived for flat roofs with elevated PV arrays. Small‐scale water flume tests were carried out to analyse how the presence of PV arrays can influence wind‐induced snow accumulations. The laws of physical similarity between model and climatic data were used for this. The tests were carried out at the Institute for Hydraulic Engineering and Water Management at the Technical University of Darmstadt. Recently, design models for snow loads on flat roofs with elevated solar arrays have been published in draft versions of the Eurocode prEN 1991‐1‐3, currently under review. They are based on regulations soon to be published in a new German National Annex to the existing Eurocode DIN EN 1991‐1‐3/NA:2019. In this paper it is shown that these draft models are not suitable for every climatic condition. Research results and alternative criteria are discussed on the basis of the investigations.
CD10 expression identifies a subset of human perivascular progenitor cells with high proliferation and calcification potentials
Authors: Ding Lijun , Vezzani Bianca , Khan Nusrat , Su Jing , Xu Lu , Yan Guijun , Liu Yong , Li Ruotian , Gaur Anushri , Diao Zhenyu , Hu Yali , Yang Zhongzhou , Hardy W. Reef , James Aaron W. , Sun Haixiang , Péault Bruno
Published: November 2019

The tunica adventitia ensheathes arteries and veins and contains presumptive mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) involved in vascular remodeling. We show here that a subset of human adventitial cells express the CD10/CALLA cell surface metalloprotease. Both CD10+ and CD10− adventitial cells displayed phenotypic features of MSCs when expanded in culture. However, CD10+ adventitial cells exhibited higher proliferation, clonogenic and osteogenic potentials in comparison to their CD10− counterparts. CD10+ adventitial cells increased expression of the cell cycle protein CCND2 via ERK1/2 signaling and osteoblastogenic gene expression via NF-κB signaling. CD10 expression was upregulated in adventitial cells through sonic hedgehog-mediated GLI1 signaling. These results suggest that CD10, which marks rapidly dividing cells in other normal and malignant cell lineages, plays a role in perivascular MSC function and cell fate specification. These findings also point to a role for CD10+ perivascular cells in vascular remodeling and calcification.

Significance statement Perivascular adventitial cells include multipotent progenitor cells giving rise in culture to mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells. The present data show that a subset of human adventitial cells natively express the CD10 surface marker, regulated by sonic hedgehog/GLI1 signaling. Purified CD10+ adventitial cells exhibit high proliferative, clonogenic and osteogenic potentials, suggesting a role in pathologic vascular remodeling.
Wnt5a promotes differentiation and development of adult-born neurons in the hippocampus by noncanonical Wnt signaling
Authors: Arredondo Sebastian B. , Guerrero Fernanda G. , Herrera-Soto Andrea , Jensen-Flores Joaquin , Bustamante Daniel B. , Oñate-Ponce Alejandro , Henny Pablo , Varas-Godoy Manuel , Inestrosa Nibaldo C. , Varela-Nallar Lorena
Published: November 2019

In the adult hippocampus, new neurons are generated in the dentate gyrus. The Wnt signaling pathway regulates this process, but little is known about the endogenous Wnt ligands involved. We investigated the role of Wnt5a on adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Wnt5a regulates neuronal morphogenesis during embryonic development, and maintains dendritic architecture of pyramidal neurons in the adult hippocampus. Here, we determined that Wnt5a knockdown in the mouse dentate gyrus by lentivirus-mediated shRNA impaired neuronal differentiation of progenitor cells, and reduced dendritic development of adult-born neurons. In cultured adult hippocampal progenitors (AHPs), Wnt5a knockdown reduced neuronal differentiation and morphological development of AHP-derived neurons, whereas treatment with Wnt5a had the opposite effect. Interestingly, no changes in astrocytic differentiation were observed in vivo or in vitro, suggesting that Wnt5a does not affect fate-commitment. By using specific inhibitors, we determined that Wnt5a signals through CaMKII to induce neurogenesis, and promotes dendritic development of newborn neurons through activating Wnt/JNK and Wnt/CaMKII signaling. Our results indicate Wnt5a as a niche factor in the adult hippocampus that promotes neuronal differentiation and development through activation of noncanonical Wnt signaling pathways.
Automatic label‐free detection of breast cancer using nonlinear multimodal imaging and the convolutional neural network ResNet50
Authors: Ali Nairveen , Quansah Elsie , Köhler Katarina , Meyer Tobias , Schmitt Michael , Popp Jürgen , Niendorf Axel , Bocklitz Thomas
Published: November 2019

Breast cancer is the main cause of all female cancer deaths worldwide. Because of the lack of early symptoms, the early detection of breast cancer becomes challenging. This detection is performed by screening techniques in organized preventive examinations. A promising imaging technology that can detect biomolecular alterations and can support the screening technologies by enhancing their low sensitivity, is nonlinear multimodal imaging. To detect these biomolecular alterations, machine‐learning algorithms are utilized. Our analysis started by preprocessing the images and comparing them to the pathological diagnosis. We trained two classification models utilizing the deep convolutional neural network ResNet50. This network was either used as feature extractor or to be fine‐tuned as a classification model. Beside these two classification approaches, two data validation techniques were investigated: the leave‐one‐patient‐out cross‐validation (LOPO‐CV) and the training‐test validation. The best reported result of breast cancer detection was introduced by the fine‐tuned ResNet50 network and LOPO‐CV accounting to 86.23% mean‐sensitivity.
New design of robust PID controller based on meta‐heuristic algorithms for wind energy conversion system
Authors: Elsisi Mahmoud
Published: November 2019

This paper proposes a new robust control method for a wind energy conversion system. The suggested method can damp the deviations in the generator speed because of the penetration of wind speed and load demand fluctuations in the electrical grid. Furthermore, it can overcome the uncertainties of the plant parameters because of load demand fluctuations and the errors of the implementation. The new method has been built based on new simple frequency‐domain conditions and the whale optimization algorithm (WOA). This method is utilized to design a robust proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) controller based on the WOA in order to enhance the damping characteristics of the wind energy conversion system. Simulation results confirm the superiority and robustness of the proposed technique against the wind speed fluctuations and the plant parameters uncertainties compared with other meta‐heuristic algorithms.
Catalytic creation of baby bubble universe with small positive cosmological constant
Authors: Koga Issei , Ookouchi Yutaka
Published: November 2019

Abstract

We investigate the decay of metastable de Sitter, Minkowski and anti-de Sitter vacua catalyzed by a black hole and a cloud of strings. We apply the method to the creation of the four dimensional bubble universe in the five dimensional anti-de Sitter spacetime recently proposed by Banerjee, Danielsson, Dibitetto, Giri and Schillo [1, 2]. We study the bounce action for the creation and find that the bubble with very small cosmological constant, of order Λ(4)
/

$$ {M}_4^4 $$

M
4
4

∼ 10
−120, is favored by the catalysis by assuming appropriate mass scales of the black hole and the cloud of strings to reproduce the present energy densities of matter and radiation in the bubble universe.
Spectrum of a supersymmetric color superconductor
Authors: Faedo Antón F. , Mateos David , Pantelidou Christiana , Tarrío Javier
Published: November 2019

Abstract

We have recently shown that the ground state of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4, SU(Nc) super Yang- Mills coupled to Nf ≪ Nc flavors, in the presence of non-zero isospin and R-symmetry charges, is a supersymmetric, superfluid, color superconductor. The holographic description consists of Nf D7-brane probes in AdS5×S5 with electric and instantonic fields on their worldvolume. These correspond to fundamental strings and D3-branes dissolved on the D7-branes, respectively. Here we use this description to determine the spectrum of mesonic excitations. As expected for a charged superfluid we find non-relativistic, massless Goldstone modes. We also find extra ungapped modes that are not associated to the breaking of any global symmetries but to the supersymmetric nature of the ground state. If the quark mass is much smaller than the scale of spontaneous symmetry breaking a pseudo-Goldstone boson is also present. We highlight some new features that appear only for Nf> 2. We show that, in the generic case of unequal R-symmetry charges, the dissolved strings and D3-branes blow up into a D5-brane supertube stretched between the D7-branes.
Quantum chaos in the Brownian SYK model with large finite N : OTOCs and tripartite information
Authors: Sünderhauf Christoph , Piroli Lorenzo , Qi Xiao-Liang , Schuch Norbert , Cirac J. Ignacio
Published: November 2019

Abstract

We consider the Brownian SYK model of N interacting Majorana fermions, with random couplings that are taken to vary independently at each time. We study the out-of-time-ordered correlators (OTOCs) of arbitrary observables and the Rényi-2 tripartite information of the unitary evolution operator, which were proposed as diagnostic tools for quantum chaos and scrambling, respectively. We show that their averaged dynamics can be studied as a quench problem at imaginary times in a model of N qudits, where the Hamiltonian displays site-permutational symmetry. By exploiting a description in terms of bosonic collective modes, we show that for the quantities of interest the dynamics takes place in a subspace of the effective Hilbert space whose dimension grows either linearly or quadratically with N , allowing us to perform numerically exact calculations up to N = 106. We analyze in detail the interesting features of the OTOCs, including their dependence on the chosen observables, and of the tripartite information. We observe explicitly the emergence of a scrambling time t∗∼ ln N controlling the onset of both chaotic and scrambling behavior, after which we characterize the exponential decay of the quantities of interest to the corresponding Haar scrambled values.
Strong constraints on non-standard neutrino interactions: LHC vs. IceCube
Authors: Pandey Sujata , Karmakar Siddhartha , Rakshit Subhendu
Published: November 2019

Abstract

We find the constraints on various non-standard interactions (NSI) of neutrinos from monojet+"Image missing"T searches at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Also, we show that the measurement of neutrino-nucleon cross-section from the observation of high energy astrophysical neutrino events at IceCube facilitates strong constraints on NSI as well. To this end, we pursue a comparative study of the prospects of LHC and IceCube in detecting NSI, also mentioning the role of low-energy experiments. We discuss the case of NSI with a new vector boson Z′ and it is found that for some range of mz′ LHC puts more stringent bound, whereas IceCube supersedes elsewhere. We also pay special attention to the case of Z′ of mass of a few GeVs, pointing out that the IceCube constraints can surpass those from LHC and low-energy experiments. Although, for contact-type effective interactions with two neutrinos and two partons, constraints from LHC are superior.
Experimental study of the internal flow in freezing water droplets on a cold surface
Authors: Karlsson Linn , Lycksam Henrik , Ljung Anna-Lena , Gren Per , Lundström T. Staffan
Published: November 2019

The study of a freezing droplet is interesting in areas, where the understanding of build up of ice is important, for example, on wind turbines, airplane wings and roads. In this work, the main focus is to study the internal motion inside freezing water droplets using particle image velocimetry and to reveal if mechanisms such as natural convection and Marangoni convection have a noticeable influence on the flow within the droplet. The flow has successfully been visualized and measured for the first 25% of the total freezing time of the droplet when the velocity in the water is the highest and when the characteristic vortices can be seen. After this initial time period, the high amount of ice in the droplet scatters the PIV light sheet too much and the images retrieved are not suitable for analysis. Initially, it can be seen that the Marangoni effects have a large impact on the internal flow, but after about 15% of the total freezing time, the flow turns indicating increased effects of natural convection on the flow. Shortly after this time, almost no internal flow can be seen.

Graphic abstract
Effect of Reynolds number on a normal shock wave-transitional boundary-layer interaction over a curved surface
Authors: Coschignano A. , Atkins N. , Babinsky H. , Serna J.
Published: November 2019

The interaction between a normal shock wave and a boundary layer is investigated over a curved surface for a Reynolds number range, based on boundary-layer growing length x, of $$0.44\times 10^6\le \text {Re}_x\le 1.09\times 10^6$$0.44×106≤Rex≤1.09×106. The upstream boundary layer develops around the leading edge of the model before encountering a $$M$$M$$\sim $$∼1.4 normal shock. This is followed by adverse pressure gradients. The shock position and strength are kept constant as $$\text {Re}$$Re is progressively varied. Infra-red thermography is used to determine the nature of the upstream boundary layer. Across the $$\text {Re}$$Re range, this is observed to vary from fully laminar to fully turbulent across the entire span. Regardless of the boundary-layer state, the interaction remains benign in nature, without large scale shock-induced separation or unsteadiness. Schlieren images show a pronounced oblique wave developing upstream of the main shock for the laminar cases, this is believed to correspond to the separation and subsequent transition of the laminar shear layer. Downstream of the shock, in the presence of adverse pressure gradients, the boundary-layer growth rate is inversely proportional to $$\text {Re}$$Re. Nonetheless, across the entire range of inflow conditions the boundary layer recovers quickly to a healthy turbulent boundary layer. This suggests the upstream boundary-layer state, and its transition mechanism, to have little effect on the outcome of its interaction with a normal shock wave.

Graphic abstract
Reconstruction and Interpolation of Manifolds. I: The Geometric Whitney Problem
Authors: Fefferman Charles , Ivanov Sergei , Kurylev Yaroslav , Lassas Matti , Narayanan Hariharan
Published: November 2019

We study the geometric Whitney problem on how a Riemannian manifold (M, g) can be constructed to approximate a metric space $$(X,d_X)$$

(
X
,

d
X

)

. This problem is closely related to manifold interpolation (or manifold reconstruction) where a smooth n-dimensional submanifold $$S\subset {{\mathbb {R}}}^m$$

S
⊂

R

m

, $$m>n$$

m
>
n

needs to be constructed to approximate a point cloud in $${{\mathbb {R}}}^m$$

R

m

. These questions are encountered in differential geometry, machine learning, and in many inverse problems encountered in applications. The determination of a Riemannian manifold includes the construction of its topology, differentiable structure, and metric. We give constructive solutions to the above problems. Moreover, we characterize the metric spaces that can be approximated, by Riemannian manifolds with bounded geometry: We give sufficient conditions to ensure that a metric space can be approximated, in the Gromov–Hausdorff or quasi-isometric sense, by a Riemannian manifold of a fixed dimension and with bounded diameter, sectional curvature, and injectivity radius. Also, we show that similar conditions, with modified values of parameters, are necessary. As an application of the main results, we give a new characterization of Alexandrov spaces with two-sided curvature bounds. Moreover, we characterize the subsets of Euclidean spaces that can be approximated in the Hausdorff metric by submanifolds of a fixed dimension and with bounded principal curvatures and normal injectivity radius. We develop algorithmic procedures that solve the geometric Whitney problem for a metric space and the manifold reconstruction problem in Euclidean space, and estimate the computational complexity of these procedures. The above interpolation problems are also studied for unbounded metric sets and manifolds. The results for Riemannian manifolds are based on a generalization of the Whitney embedding construction where approximative coordinate charts are embedded in $${{\mathbb {R}}}^m$$

R

m

and interpolated to a smooth submanifold.
Optimised multi-stream microfluidic designs for controlled extensional deformation
Authors: Zografos Konstantinos , Haward Simon J. , Oliveira Mónica S. N.
Published: November 2019

In this study, we optimise two types of multi-stream configurations (a T-junction and a flow-focusing design) to generate a homogeneous extensional flow within a well-defined region. The former is used to generate a stagnation point flow allowing molecules to accumulate significant strain, which has been found very useful for performing elongational studies. The latter relies on the presence of opposing lateral streams to shape a main stream and generate a strong region of extension in which the shearing effects of fluid–wall interactions are reduced near the region of interest. The optimisations are performed in two (2D) and three dimensions (3D) under creeping flow conditions for Newtonian fluid flow. It is demonstrated that in contrast with the classical-shaped geometries, the optimised designs are able to generate a well-defined region of homogeneous extension. The operational limits of the obtained 3D optimised configurations are investigated in terms of Weissenberg number for both constant viscosity and shear-thinning viscoelastic fluids. Additionally, for the 3D optimised flow-focusing device, the operational limits are investigated in terms of increasing Reynolds number and for a range of velocity ratios between the opposing lateral streams and the main stream. For all obtained 3D optimised multi-stream configurations, we perform the experimental validation considering a Newtonian fluid flow. Our results show good agreement with the numerical study, reproducing the desired kinematics for which the designs are optimised.
The exercise of the object
Authors: Travis Charles
Published: November 2019

What is an object? A prior question: What is objecthood?Au fond, and to logic’s eye,objectis a role to be played with respect to a thought (on a decomposition). It is to be a countable which that thought represent as being some way for such a countable to be; what restores the business of truth-of to that of truth outright. What plays that role for some given thought is then an object with respect to that thought. Given this, there are corresponding absolute notions,to be fit for this role, andto be fit only for this role. So the fundamental task here is identifying the conditions on playing this role at all. All this is a contribution, however limited, to a topic called ‘ontology’. This last word also occurs in the plural in several contexts. The end of this essay considers how these notions (non-countable, and the several countables) might relate, and what assumptions underlie what some have seen them to.
Skew Category Algebras
Authors: Bavula V. V.
Published: November 2019

We study a new (large) class of algebras (that was introduced in Bavula in Math Comput Sci 11(3–4):253–268, 2017)—the skew category algebras. Any such an algebra $$ \mathcal{C}(\sigma )$$C(σ) is constructed from a category $$ \mathcal{C}$$C and a functor $$\sigma $$σ from the category $$ \mathcal{C}$$C to the category of algebras. Criteria are given for the algebra $$ \mathcal{C}(\sigma )$$C(σ) to be simple or left Noetherian or right Noetherian or semiprime or have 1.
Pavel Florensky’s Theory of Religious Antinomies
Authors: Rojek Paweł
Published: November 2019

Pavel Florensky (1882–1937), a Russian theologian, philosopher, and mathematician, argued that the religious discourse is essentially contradictory and put forward the idea of the logical theory of antinomies. Recently his views raised interesting discussions among logicians who consider him a forerunner of many non-classical logics. In this paper I discuss four interpretations of Florensky’s views: paraconsistent, L-contradictory, non-monotonic and rhetorical. In conclusion I argue for the integral interpretation which unites these four approaches.
The petrological characteristics and significance of organic-rich shale in the Chang 7 member of the Yanchang Formation, south margin of the Ordos basin, central China
Authors: Li Sen , Zhu Ru-Kai , Cui Jing-Wei , Luo Zhong , Cui Jing-Gang , Liu Han , Li Wei-Qiang
Published: November 2019

The organic-rich shale of the Chang 7 member is the most important source rock in the Ordos basin. The sedimentary environment and the controlling factors of organic matter enrichment, however, are still in contention. In this investigation, the Yishicun outcrop, located on the south margin of the Ordos basin, has been considered for the study. X-ray diffraction, polarizing microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy and cathodoluminescence (CL) were used to investigate the petrological features of the organic-rich shale. The content of volcanic ash and the diameter of pyrite framboid pseudocrystals were measured to illustrate the relationship between oxygen level, ash content and the enrichment of organic matter. It has been found that the diameter of pyrite framboid pseudocrystals has a strong correlation with the total organic carbon, demonstrating that the redox status degree of the water column has a positive impact on the enrichment of organic matter. Additionally, with an increase in the ash content, the content of organic matter increased at first and then decreased, and reached a maximum when the ash content was about 6%, illustrating that the ash input has a double effect on the enrichment of organic matter.
Influence of component design on extrusion processes in sheet-bulk metal forming
Authors: Pilz F. , Merklein M.
Published: November 2019

Nowadays, the functional integration of workpieces challenges existing forming processes. The combination of established forming processes – like sheet metal and bulk forming – offers the possibility to counter this issue. The application of bulk forming operations on sheet metal semi-finished products, also called sheet-bulk metal forming (SBMF), is an innovative approach. The potential of SBMF cannot be fully exploited, as there are no recommendations in terms of workpiece design and layout influence on the process result. Therefore, this paper focuses on the analysis of semi-finished products and component design parameters on resulting part and process properties in two extrusion processes in SBMF. The investigation is based on a combined numerical and experimental approach. It is shown that the investigated design parameters, in addition to the achievable dimensional accuracy, substantially influence the occurring tool loads as well as the required process forces.
The Pliocene flora of Frankfurt am Main, Germany: taxonomy, palaeoenvironments and biogeographic affinities
Authors: Kvaček Zlatko , Teodoridis Vasilis , Denk Thomas
Published: November 2019

The Pliocene flora of Frankfurt am Main described by Karl Mädler during the first half of the twentieth century is a key flora for the European Pliocene. In the present study, we revised the leaf fossil taxa described by Mädler and investigated plant material collected after Mädler’s publication. The revised and augmented floral list comprises seven new species and some new combinations of taxa described by Mädler. In total, 16 gymnosperm species in 15 genera and 73 angiosperm species (of which 15 could not be assigned to a genus) in 40 genera are recognised in the leaf record. Main characteristics of the flora are the high diversity of conifers, the diverse assemblage of exclusively deciduous Fagaceae, including six species of oaks, and the high diversity of Rosaceae. These features indicate cool temperate climatic conditions (comparable to Lugano in southern Switzerland). Angiosperm genera that are today confined to North America and/or East Asia (Eucommia,MagnoliaandSassafras) also are deciduous, whereas evergreen taxa are shrubs typical of the understorey (Buxus,Ilex,Pachysandra,Prunus lusitanicatype) andViscum. Eighteen taxa recorded in the Pliocene of Frankfurt am Main are today absent from western Eurasia and eastern North America, and 25 taxa are absent from western North America. This shows (i) a strong biogeographic link of the Pliocene flora of Frankfurt am Main with East Asia, (ii) surprisingly high levels of speciation (Pliocene endemisms) and (iii) that the European flora was more diverse in woody species shortly before the onset of major Pleistocene glaciations than today.
The glass swing: a vector active structure made of glass struts and 3D-printed steel nodes
Authors: Snijder A. H. , van der Linden L. P. L. , Goulas C. , Louter C. , Nijsse R.
Published: November 2019

The majority of glass used in load-bearing structures is as planar elements. Some projects exist that use linear glass elements. This paper discusses in broad terms the design, engineering, and fabrication of a unique vector active glass structure consisting of glass bundles and partly printed steel connections. A structure was conceived that utilizes the glass bundles in a way that can be directly experienced by the users: a swing. To create a non-standard form for the swing, a structural optimization procedure was used. To realize the structure, a novel steel node was developed and produced using an additive manufacturing technique in steel. These novel applications have made the project innovation heavy, particularly considering the limited timeframe for its development and construction. Description is given of the several optimization techniques incorporated in the digital process, the assembly and testing of the glass bundles, and the manufacturing of the steel nodes by Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing.
The German Version of the PERMA-Profiler: Evidence for Construct and Convergent Validity of the PERMA Theory of Well-Being in German Speaking Countries
Authors: Wammerl Martin , Jaunig Johannes , Mairunteregger Thomas , Streit Philip
Published: November 2019

With the PERMA theory, Seligman (2011) postulates that well-being consists of five independently measurable factors: Positive Emotions (P), Engagement (E), Positive Relationships (R), Meaning (M) and Accomplishment (A). The PERMA-Profiler provides the first questionnaire, which measures all five well-being domains in an economical and reliable way. In order to test the validity of the questionnaire in German speaking countries, a German version of the PERMA-Profiler was developed and evaluated in a large sample (N = 854). The results provide evidence for acceptable reliability, very good construct validity (factorial and convergent) and first indications for measurement invariance, for both gender and nationality. Compared to three theoretically competing models, the inter-correlated Five-Factor Model turned out to be the most appropriate statistical model to describe the collected data. It revealed the best trade-off between model fit, parsimony and theoretical interpretability. Our results support the hypothesis of a multidimensional PERMA theory, which gives a closer insight in at least some of the building blocks of well-being. Therefore, the PERMA theory can be seen as a useful extension to a unidimensional subjective well-being approach. Like the English original, the German version of the PERMA-Profiler allows to measure well-being economically across multiple well-being domains. Therefore, the PERMA-Profiler can be recommended as a valid well-being screening instrument for the German speaking adult population.
QUEERING HETEROSEXUAL (INTERSECTARIAN) LOVE IN LEBANON
Authors: Allouche Sabiha
Published: November 2019

This article draws on a year of ethnography conducted among cis heterosexual couples in contemporary urban Lebanon in order to argue that, in the absence of a serious project of national reconciliation, intersectarian love, despite its short lifespan, constitutes restorative instances in post–civil war Lebanon. Intersectarian hetero desire emerges as a counter-discourse that threatens the masculinist foundations of the Lebanese state. By tracing the timeline of love in the life of Lebanese citizens, this article places personal narratives of “impossible” intersectarian love stories in conversation with queer temporality scholarship in order to recognize the political, albeit limited, potential of romantic love. Here, societal expectations of married life are replaced by an ephemeral unity that operatesin contrato hegemonic interpretations of “man and wife.”
Building Bombs, Building a Nation: The State,Chaebŏl, and the Militarized Industrialization of South Korea, 1973–1979
Authors: Kwon Peter Banseok
Published: November 2019

In response to US plans to withdraw troops from South Korea in the 1970s, the Park Chung Hee administration (1961–79) leveraged all defense-related civilian industries to build an independent system of weapons production. In keeping with Park's advancement of military modernization driven by strong private-sector growth, an agenda that he promoted with his banner slogan “rich nation, strong military,” large Korean companies known aschaebŏlwere transformed to serve as government contractors that drove both national economic development and military modernization. A case study of one such company, Hanwha, illustrates how the state's hyper-militarization of Korean industries determined the distinct course and character of South Korea's national development. The study highlights the dynamic interplay that occurred between state actors and private-sector CEOs, managers, and laborers in shaping thechaebŏl-centered economic and defense industrialization.
Does tranexamic acid improve intra-operative visualisation in endoscopic ear surgery? A double-blind, randomised, controlled trial
Authors: Das A , Mitra S , Ghosh D , Kumar S , Sengupta A
Published: November 2019

Objective

To assess the effect of tranexamic acid on intra-operative bleeding and surgical field visualisation.

Methods

Fifty patients undergoing various endoscopic ear surgical procedures, including endoscopic tympanoplasty, endoscopic atticotomy or mastoidectomy, endoscopic ossiculoplasty, and endoscopic stapedotomy, were randomly assigned to: a study group that received tranexamic acid or a control group which received normal saline. The intra-operative bleeding and operative field visualisation was graded using the Das and Mitra endoscopic ear surgery bleeding and field visibility score, which was separately analysed for the external auditory canal and the middle ear.

Results

The Das and Mitra score was better (p < 0.05) in the group that received tranexamic acid as a haemostat when working in the external auditory canal; with respect to the middle ear, no statistically significant difference was found between the two agents. Mean values for mean arterial pressure, heart rate and surgical time were comparable in both groups, with no statistically significant differences.

Conclusion

Tranexamic acid appears to be an effective haemostat in endoscopic ear surgery, thus improving surgical field visualisation, especially during manipulation of the external auditory canal soft tissues.
Decent Work in Scotland, an Agenda-Setting Analysis
Authors: PAUTZ HARTWIG , WRIGHT SALLY A. , COLLINS CHIK
Published: November 2019

This article uses John Kingdon’s multiple streams framework as an analytical tool to consider how the policy issue of ‘job quality’, in the guises of ‘decent work’ and ‘fair work’, developed a ‘career’ in Scotland between 2013 and 2017. The aim is to understand why, despite the efforts of a variety of policy entrepreneurs and the openness of the Scottish Government to this policy problem, job quality did not arrive on the Scottish Government’s decision agenda. The article finds that the crucial ‘policy window’ did not open due to the 2016 ‘Brexit’ decision dramatically changing the political landscape.

The article demonstrates the applicability of Kingdon’s framework for agenda-setting analysis in a parliamentary environment and constitutes a rare application of the framework to a ‘live’ policy issue.

The authors were involved in a research and advocacy project on ‘decent work’ that was undertaken in Scotland during 2015 and 2016 and therefore were amongst the policy entrepreneurs seeking to place job quality on the Scottish Government’s agenda.
Performing Iraqi-Jewish History on the Israeli Stage
Authors: SHEM-TOV NAPHTALY
Published: November 2019

The analysis of the following two Israeli plays is the focus of this article:Ghosts in the Cellar(Haifa Theatre, 1983) by Sami Michael, andThe Father's Daughters(Hashahar Theatre, 2015) by Gilit Itzhaki. These plays deal with the Farhud – a pogrom which took place in Iraq in 1941, in which two hundred Iraqi Jews were massacred by an Iraqi nationalist mob. The Farhud has become a traumatic event in the memory of this Jewish community. Using the concept of ‘performing history’ as advanced by Freddie Rokem, I observe how these plays, as theatre of a marginalized group, engage in the production of memory and history as well as in the processing of grief. These plays present the Farhud and correspond with the Zionist narrative in two respects: (1) they present the traumatic historical event of these Middle Eastern Jews in the light of its disappearance in Zionist history, and (2) their performance includes Arab cultural and language elements of Iraqi-Jewish identity, and thus implicitly points out the complex situation of the Arab–Israeli conflict.
Evaluation and Microanalysis of Parasitic and Bacterial Agents of Egyptian Fresh Sushi,Salmo salar
Authors: Abdel-Hakeem Sara S. , Mahmoud Ghada Abd-Elmonsef , Abdel-Hafeez Hanan H.
Published: November 2019

The present study aimed to evaluate the quality of fresh sushi in Egypt. Fifty samples of sushi (Salmo salar) were collected from restaurants in Alexandria, Egypt. Paraffin, semi-thin and ultra-thin sections were used for parasitological analysis bylight and transmission electron microscopy. Bacteria were isolated by the dilution plate and direct plate methods and identified by a Vitek system. Twenty (40%) of the total examined samples showed microsporidia and helminth metacercariae infections. Histochemical stains showed distinct pinkish-red pyriform microspores embedded in muscular tissue stained with Gram, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), and Ziehl–Neelsen (ZN) stains. Semi-thin sections showed double membrane xenoma-inducing granulomas containing spores at different developmental stages. Empty sporophorous vesicles and free spores were observed in the electron microscopic images. A bacteriological assay showed forty samples (80%) contaminated with human pathogenic bacteria with the average total bacterial counts ranging from 32 to 526 CFU/g. Four species of human pathogenic bacteria were identified in the examined samples, namelyKlebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, andSerratia plymuthicain 40, 38, 11, and 6 samples, respectively. These constitute the first record of fresh sushi product in Egypt and indicate the potential pathogenicity associated with raw seafood products.
Annuity pricing in public pension plans: importance of interest rates
Authors: Abashidze Nino , Clark Robert L. , Hammond Robert G. , Ritter Beth M. , Vanderweide David
Published: November 2019

This study examines the distribution options of 85 large public retirement plans covering general state employees, teachers, and local government employees. The interest rates used to price annuities vary considerably across the plans. As a result, retirees with the same monthly benefit if a single life benefit is chosen will have substantially different monthly benefits if they select a joint and survivor annuity. We examine the impact of variation in the pricing of annuity options using both cross-plan differences in interest rates and the change in the choice of annuity options in one plan after the price of options changes due to new assumed interest rates and mortality rates.
Occurrence and Modeling Examination of Sporadic‐E Layers in the Region of the South America (Atlantic) Magnetic Anomaly
Authors: Conceição‐Santos Fredson , Muella Marcio T. A. H. , Resende Laysa C. A. , Fagundes Paulo R. , Andrioli Vania F. , Batista Paulo P. , Pillat Valdir G. , Carrasco Alexander J.
Published: November 2019

In this work, the occurrence of different types of sporadic‐E layers (Es) was described for two stations located in the region of the South America Magnetic Anomaly: Jataí and São José dos Campos. The results show the hourly and monthly values of the Es occurrences and presented five types of layers (cusp, high, flat, low, and slant), with the flat/low types (Esf/l) being the most frequent over both stations. We also analyzed the Es layer parameters of blanketing frequency (fbEs) and top frequency (ftEs) obtained from ionosonde data during storm‐time periods, in order to investigate possible evidences of energetic particle‐induced E‐layer ionization. The results revealed increases in the values of the nighttime ftEs and fbEs, which can be related to the particle precipitation in the South America Magnetic Anomaly region. Additionally, we investigated the roles of the wind shear mechanism in the formation of the Es types by using a modified form of the Ionospheric E‐Region Model (MIRE), which incorporates tidal winds obtained from meteor radar data. Furthermore, the electron densities deduced from fbEs parameter were compared with the maximum electron densities obtained from MIRE simulations. Depending on local time and season, the initial results revealed for both stations some discrepancies between modeled and measured electron densities. However, a better fitting was obtained when the amplitudes of the zonal/meridional wind components were adjusted by some factor, which may be attributed to the possible effects of day‐to‐day tidal wind variability and their interaction with gravity and planetary waves.
Taliks: A Tipping Point in Discontinuous Permafrost Degradation in Peatlands
Authors: Devoie Élise G. , Craig James R. , Connon Ryan F. , Quinton William L.
Published: November 2019

Taliks (perennially thawed soil in a permafrost environment) are generally found beneath water bodies or wetlands, and their development and evolution in other environments is poorly documented. Sustained isolated taliks between seasonally frozen surface soils and permafrost have been observed at the Scotty Creek Research Station in the discontinuous permafrost region of the Northwest Territories, Canada. These taliks have been expanding both vertically and laterally over the past decade of monitoring. The main controls on expansion are thought to be (1) the availability of energy, determined by incoming radiation and advective heat flux, (2) the ability to transfer this energy to the freezing/thawing front, determined by the thermal conductivity (soil properties and moisture content), and (3) the presence and thickness of the snowpack. These controls are investigated using data collected in the field to inform a 1‐D coupled thermodynamic freeze‐thaw and unsaturated flow model. The model was successfully used to represent observed thaw rates in different parts of the landscape. It is found that high soil moisture, deeper snowpacks, and warmer or faster advective flow rates all contribute to accelerated talik growth and subsequent permafrost degradation. Simulations show that slight perturbations of available energy or soil properties, such as an increase in average surface temperature of 0.5°C or a 1‐cm change in snow water equivalent, can lead to talik formation, highlighting the vulnerability of this landscape to changes in climate or land cover.
AGU Makes Strides in 2019 Union Awards, Medals, and Prizes
Authors: Bell Robin , Lozier Susan
Published: November 2019

Nominations of and accolades earned by women climb to representative rates within the AGU community.
The Role of the Amazon River Plume on the Intensification of the Hydrological Cycle
Authors: Gouveia N. A. , Gherardi D. F. M. , Aragão L. E. O. C.
Published: November 2019

The Amazon River low‐salinity plume takes part in important ocean and atmosphere processes that influence climate. In the last three decades, the intensification of the hydrological cycle has increased the interannual variability of total freshwater discharged into the ocean. However, the feedback mechanisms of the Amazon River plume acting on this intensification are not fully understood. Correlation maps and multiple regression analysis applied to 16 years of satellite data and river flow measurements indicate that a positive precipitation trend of 15 mm/year in the western Amazon basin follows the long‐term warming of the tropical Atlantic. This increased the total amount of freshwater discharged into the ocean and reduced the Amazon River plume salinity by 3.5% per year in the main plume water export pathway. Based on these results we propose a process‐oriented model of the feedback process that explains the intensification of the Amazon hydrological cycle.
Interglacial Paleoclimate in the Arctic
Authors: Cronin Thomas M. , Keller Katherine J. , Farmer Jesse R. , Schaller Morgan F. , O'Regan Matt , Poirier Robert , Coxall Helen , Dwyer Gary S. , Bauch Henning , Kindstedt Ingalise G. , Jakobsson Martin , Marzen Rachel , Santin Emiliano
Published: November 2019

Marine Isotope Stage 11 from ~424 to 374 ka experienced peak interglacial warmth and highest global sea level ~410–400 ka. MIS 11 has received extensive study on the causes of its long duration and warmer than Holocene climate, which is anomalous in the last half million years. However, a major geographic gap in MIS 11 proxy records exists in the Arctic Ocean where fragmentary evidence exists for a seasonally sea ice‐free summers and high sea‐surface temperatures (SST; ~8–10 °C near the Mendeleev Ridge). We investigated MIS 11 in the western and central Arctic Ocean using 12 piston cores and several shorter cores using proxies for surface productivity (microfossil density), bottom water temperature (magnesium/calcium ratios), the proportion of Arctic Ocean Deep Water versus Arctic Intermediate Water (key ostracode species), sea ice (epipelagic sea ice dwelling ostracode abundance), and SST (planktic foraminifers). We produced a new benthic foraminiferal δ18O curve, which signifies changes in global ice volume, Arctic Ocean bottom temperature, and perhaps local oceanographic changes. Results indicate that peak warmth occurred in the Amerasian Basin during the middle of MIS 11 roughly from 410 to 400 ka. SST were as high as 8–10 °C for peak interglacial warmth, and sea ice was absent in summers. Evidence also exists for abrupt suborbital events punctuating the MIS 12‐MIS 11‐MIS 10 interval. These fluctuations in productivity, bottom water temperature, and deep and intermediate water masses (Arctic Ocean Deep Water and Arctic Intermediate Water) may represent Heinrich‐like events possibly involving extensive ice shelves extending off Laurentide and Fennoscandian Ice Sheets bordering the Arctic.
Rapid evolution and biogeographic spread in a colorectal cancer
Authors: Alves Joao M. , Prado-López Sonia , Cameselle-Teijeiro José Manuel , Posada David
Published: November 2019

How and when tumoral clones start spreading to surrounding and distant tissues is currently unclear. Here we leveraged a model-based evolutionary framework to investigate the demographic and biogeographic history of a colorectal cancer. Our analyses strongly support an early monoclonal metastatic colonization, followed by a rapid population expansion at both primary and secondary sites. Moreover, we infer a hematogenous metastatic spread under positive selection, plus the return of some tumoral cells from the liver back to the colon lymph nodes. This study illustrates how sophisticated techniques typical of organismal evolution can provide a detailed, quantitative picture of the complex tumoral dynamics over time and space.