bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Considerazioni Sul Problema Dei Mioepiteli Nella Genesi Di Talune Neoplasie
Authors: Pignataro O.
Published: April 2018

Basing on Cotchin's identification of the so-called «interposed cells » of mammary tumours with myoepithelia, a careful analysis of the literature concerned with the nature of these elements was carried out. Data supporting the hypothesis that these cells, under hormonal unrestrained influence, may be able to acquire in part characters of embrional plasticity, and to become pluripotential giving origin to some benign or malignant neoplasms (especially of the breast) are compared, and the peculiar histological and histochemical characters allowing the identification between interposed cells and myoepithelia are considered. Results seem to be rather probative.

Among the benign tumours of the breast, the « fibrosing adenosis » is of particular interest, both for the close relations of its evolution to the hormonal metabolism and for the role that the myoepithelia play in its evolution. The personal observation of over 60 cases of fibrosing adenosis permitted to check the observations related to other neoplasms as concerns the argyrophilia and histochemistry of these elements. Results are tabulated.

The present research is preliminary to a more specific investigation on the role of myoepithelia in the genesis of mixed tumours of the parotis which, according to some authors, would be a hormone target organ.
Osservazioni Sulla Citologia Dello Sternopuntato Nei Portatori Di Carcinoma Della Prostata
Authors: Bonera E.
Published: April 2018

Prostatic carcinoma causes early microemboli of tumour cells to the bone marrow, and frequent bone metastases. A myelogram was carried out in 30 subjects with established prostatic neoplasm, 6 of whom with radiologically evident bone metastases. Metastatic tumour cells were found in 2 cases only. In 16 cases the myelogram modification was unrelevant, in the remaining 12 cases some particular changes were demonstrated. These changes, although non-specific, seem to be the result of a conspicuous micro-embolism of tumour cells in the bone marrow; they consist in isolate or associate pictures of hyper-erythroblastosis, disproportionate to the degree of peripheral anemia, of plasmacell reaction, of reticular and lymphoidoreticular hyperplasia; the latter is related to particular changes of protein metabolism.
Le Auxine in Biologia Animale: Parte II - Azione Dell'acido Indolacetico e Della Kinetina in Vitro Su Tessuti Normali e Tumorali
Authors: Volpe R. Della , Albertini E. , Necco A.
Published: April 2018

The present paper is concerned with mitokinetic and cytokinetic action of two auxins — Kinetin and indolacetic acid — on «in vitro » cultures of normal animal cells (heart fibroblasts of chick embryo), and of neoplastic cells (from ascites Walker adenocarcinoma of the rat).

The «in vitro » cultures were kept into contact with Kinetin doses ranging between 0.0005 and 0.001 γ/ml for normal tissues, and between 0.001 and 1 γ/ml for neoplastic cells.

Indolacetic acid was used in doses ranging between 0.00005 and 0.0005 γ/ml for normal cells, and between 0.0005 and 0.05 γ/ml for neoplastic cells.

Consideration has been given to the growth properties of the cultures, to the frequency of mitoses, and to the content in nucleic acids determined by the histochemical method and by the orange-acridin in U.V. light method.

It has been demonstrated that Kinetin, even at low doses, exerts an inhibitory action on the heart fibroblasts growth, with considerable cytitoxic action and partial inhibition of the mitotic activity. Indolacetic acid did not show any cytotoxic action, and failed to demonstrate any cyto- and mitokinetic activity.

Experiments carried out with the association of both auxins in suitable dosage showed a prevailing cytotoxic action of Kinetin, and were not able to demonstrate a mitotic activity.

In addition, the single or associate administration of the two auxins did not influence the DNA synthesis in normal cells.

In «in vitro» cultures of cells from ascites Walker adenocarcinoma an early and constant mitokinetic activity has been demonstrated by Kinetin and indolacetic acid as well. Cytotoxic activity was absent, even at high concentrations. No synergic action was shown by the two auxins.
Study of 8 Cases of Hürthle-cell Tumors of the Thyroid Gland
Authors: Pignataro Oreste
Published: April 2018

Eight Hürthle-cell tumors of the thyroid gland, 6 benign and 2 malignant, are presented. Of the two carcinomas, the first was a nodule isolated in a follicular adenoma, the second, observed in a 78 years old man, had lymph nodes metastases and was characterized by a very slow clinical course. The emi-thyroidectomy allowed a 5 years survival, without relapses, in four of the six adenomas and in the first case of the two carcinomas.
Thyroid Carcinoma in Childhood: Report of Six Cases
Authors: Veronesi Umberto , Cascinelli Natale
Published: April 2018

Out of 302 cases of thyroid carcinoma seen at the Cancer Institute of Milan, six occurred in children, 5 females and 1 male. Two were papillary carcinomas. In three cases the first clinical symptom was a lymph node metastasis. In 5 cases combined surgical and radiological therapy was instituted, and in 1 case radiological therapy alone was applied. The patients are alive and well after a period ranging between 1 month and 15 years. A survey of a total of 12 cases of childhood thyroid carcinoma published in the Italian literature revealed in 3 cases a history of x-rays treatment at variable time before the onset of the thyroid tumor.
Combined Surgical and Radiological Therapy in 3 Cases of Endorachideal Localization of Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Ricci Sante Basso , Miserocchi Enrico
Published: April 2018

Two cases of generalized Hodgkin's disease survived 5 years and 14 months respectively after a combined surgical and radiological therapy on an endorachideal localization, without relapse of the local symptomathology. In a third similar case, the same therapy gave a poor result.
Method for a Rapid Measurement of Absorbed Dose in Telecobaltum-therapy
Authors: Romanini Attilio , Fava Giannino
Published: April 2018

An elaboration of the Keller's method for the measurement of absorbed γ-rays dose is presented. The procedure suggested is suitable for the daily practice when the tumor dose instead the incident dose is indicated, particularly when a treatment with crossed beams is performed, the beams contributing to the tumor dose with different energy quantities. Tables of a calculated factor are presented.
Histological and Clinical Study of 12 Cases of Melanoblastoma Treated by Radiosurgery
Authors: Ricci Sante Basso , Guarino Michele
Published: April 2018

Twelve patients with melanoblastoma treated by radiosurgery are symptomless more than 5 years after therapy (4 cases after 5 years, 2 after 6, 1 after 8, 3 after 10, 1 after 12, and 1 after 16). Of these melanoblastomas, one had surface development, one developed on Dubreuilh's melanosis, 5 were of the spindle-cell type, mainly with fasciculate structure, 5 were of the polymorphic-cell type with cytoblastomatous or alveolar structure. A better prognosis was observed for spindle-cell melanoblastomas in comparison with polymorphic-cell melanoblastomas.
Homo- and Heterotransplantation of Tumors Induced in Amphibians
Authors: Leone Vincenzo G. , Zavanella Teresa
Published: April 2018

Tumors were induced by methylcholanthrene in newts (Triturus cristatus) and transplanted serially into other newts of the same species, and of a different genus (Pleurodeles) and into anurans (Xenopus laevis). In total 172 homo- and 75 heterotransplantations were performed. The tumor took in a high percentage (80%), both in the cases of homografts and of heterografts, and gave metastases in the spleen, liver, heart, kidneys, brain, etc., respectively in the 53% and in the 67% of the cases. The site of implantation of the tumor, the anterior chamber of the eye and the subcutaneous tissue, affected the percentage of the taking, the grafts in the eye being positive in 80% of the cases, whereas subcutaneously 64% of the homografts and 54% of the heterografts were successfull. The morphology of the tumor remained unchanged throughout the passages in urodeles, but showed the characteristics of the host cells, (i.e. small dimensions and large nucleoli) when passed to the anurans.
The Effect of Urethan and 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]Anthracene on Organ Cultures of Newborn and Adult Mouse Thymuses
Authors: Tomatis Lorenzo , Wang Lily
Published: April 2018

Thymuses of newborn and adult mice were maintained as organ cultures for 20 days. A 24 hour treatment with urethan or with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) induced necrosis of the peripheral zone of the cortex in both the newborn and adult cultured thymuses. In all the DMBA treated thymuses and the newborn thymuses treated with urethan, the necrosis eventually involved a large part of the organs. In the adult thymuses treated with urethan the necrosis appeared notably reduced at the end of the 20 day observation period.
Cell-free Transmission of a Methylcholanthrene-induced Malignant Melanoma in Amphibians
Authors: Zavanella Teresa
Published: April 2018

Methylcholanthrene-induced malignant melanomas of the newt can be successfully transplanted by cell-graft with a 80–100 percent take. Filtrates were prepared from a transplanted tumor at the 5th passage. The aseptically removed tumor fragments were ground by hand in a mortar, 0.05 M sterile chilled citrate buffer at pH 6.6 (containing 1 mg percent of jaluronidase) being added to obtain a cell suspension of 5 percent concentration. After 1 hour of standing at room temperature (25 – 27 °C), the cell suspension was centrifuged at 5.000 x g at 0°C, for 10'; the supernate was centrifuged again at 5.000 x g for 10′. The second supernate was then passed through membranes of 150 – 250 mμ porosity (membranfilter Gottingen N° 8) at 0°C. The filters were impervious to «E. coli», as determined by tests carried out immediately after the filtration of each extract (incubation at 37 °C for 6–8 days). Two filtrates were inoculated, subcutaneously, into a total of 15 adult newts; 9 of them developed melanomas after 1–4 months, with metastases in all organs. The transplanted and filtrate-induced melanomas were morphologically similar to the methylcholanthrene-induced tumors. Spontaneous melanoma was never observed in about 1800 newts examined in this laboratory.
Technique for Radioautographic Study of Goitre with I131.
Authors: Bertolotti Andrea
Published: April 2018

A method for the radioautographic study of I131 localization in thyroid tissue in patients with goitre is described.
Combined Effect of Influenza Virus Infection and Urethan Treatment on the Incidence of Lung: Tumors in Mice.
Authors: Casazza Anna Maria , Gaetani Marcello , Ghione Mario , Turolla Enrico
Published: April 2018

Swiss mice were intranasally infected with influenza A2 virus and treated with urethan in order to detect whether the joint action of the two agents would enhance the development of lung tumors. The average number per mouse of the typical lesions induced by the two treatments together with their location, their histological and histochemical characteristics and the percentage of death in the different groups of animals were recorded. Results indicated that 51.7 % of the mice infected with influenza virus and treated with urethan had both bronchial dysplastic lesions due to influenza virus, and tumors induced by urethan. In this group the number of tumors was smaller than in the mice treated with the carcinogen only and no invasive pulmonary carcinomas were observed. The dysplastic lesions caused by influenza A2 virus as well as the lung adenomas induced by urethan maintained their typical histological and histochemical characteristics even when occurring in a close position. The failure of urethan to enhance the induction of lung tumors in mice exposed to influenzal infection might be ascribed to the different primary sites of response of the pulmonary tissue to the two agents, i.e. the bronchial epithelium for influenza virus and the alveolar epithelium for urethan.
«In Vivo » Studies on RNA Metabolism of Human Acute Leukemia Cells.
Authors: Gavosto Felice , Pileri Alessandro , Pegoraro Luigi , Gabutti Wilma
Published: April 2018

« In vivo » injection of uridine-3H was employed for the direct study of RNA metabolism in acute leukemia cells: blood samples were taken at different times following precursor administration. The degree of RNA labelling in the whole population, in some classes of blast cells with different diameter, and in the single subcellular structures was evaluated by high resolution autoradiographic technique. Great stability was observed in the RNA labelling of the blast population. This finding is discussed in relation to the following points: 1) true metabolic stability, 2) continuous intracellular resynthesis of the catabolites of the labelled macromolecules, 3) reutilization of the extracellular degradation products. From the behaviour of RNA labelling in the different classes and time-stages of the experiment some deductions about the proliferative kinetics of leukemia cells are possible. Finally from the behaviour of the labelling in the different subcellular structures (nucleus, nucleolus, cytoplasm) an early nuclear and a possible nucleolar synthesis of RNA was observed.
Scintillation Scanning of the Liver in Neoplastic Diseases
Authors: Dragoni Giovanni , Roncoroni Luigi , Boioli Faustino
Published: April 2018

The authors report their experience in the use of colloidal Au198 for liver scanning in the neoplastic disease. Radioisotope scintillation scanning of the liver has been performed in 156 patients, of whom 3 with primary tumors, 94 with clinical suspicion of metastatic lesions from tumors of various origin and kind, and 58 with lymphomas. According to the experience of the authors, liver scanning gives certain information about changes in size and shape of the liver; it is principally useful in demonstrating the derangements of internal pattern produced by space-occupying lesions. In fact it is a valuable test to employ in the study of malignant neoplasms. However the procedure may be not sufficient for the detection of liver lesions of small size, not inducing changes of the volume and shape of the liver. Original scintigraphy are presented and the results of some interest and of particular meaning are discussed.
Clinicostatistical Analysis of Rhinopharyngeal Neoplasms Treated by Radiotherapy from 1928 to 1963 (314 Cases)
Authors: Banfi Alberto , Carnevali Giuseppe , De Yoldi Gianfranco Coopmans , Felci Ugo , Guzzon Adalgiso
Published: April 2018

Results obtained by radiotherapy in 314 cases of rhinopharyngeal neoplasms treated from 1928 to 1963 at the Institute of Radiology of the Medical School and at the National Cancer Institute are presented. The series of cases includes 61 epithelial neoplasms, 117 rhinopharyngiomas, 112 connective neoplasms and 24 cases non histologically proved. In 41.7 % of the cases regional lymph node invasion was the first sign of the disease. Regional lymph node involvement was present at the beginning of radiotherapy in 72.5 % of the cases. Sixty-eight cases, hospitalized from 1928 to 1945, were prevailingly treated with endocavitary radiumtherapy and by roentgentherapy. One hundred and sixty cases, hospitalized from 1946 to 1958, were treated by various procedures and, in the last years, almost exclusively by multiple small fields roentgentherapy and by convergent roentgentherapy. Most of the 80 cases treated from 1959 to 1963 were submitted to telecobalt therapy. In the connective neoplasms (lympho- and reticulosarcomas) the overall 3-year and 5-year survival rate has been 34.2 % and 28.5 % respectively. In particular, cases without regional lymph node invasion at the beginning of the treatment had a 5-year survival rate of 61.5 %, opposite to 15.4 % in patients with lymph node metastases. In the other histological forms (rhinopharyngiomas, epitheliomas and non ascertained cases) the overall 3-year survival was 28 %, and the 5-year survival 19.6 %. In patients showing no lymph node involvement at the beginning of the treatment the 5-year survival rate was 37.8 %, in those with unilateral invasion 15.8 %, and in those with bilateral lymph node metastases 5.8 %. In epithelial neoplasms, the 5-year survival was 12.5 % in patients who had, at the beginning of the treatment, neurological or radiological signs of metastases to the base of the skull, and 21.9 % in patients, without involvement of the base of the skull. A statistical analysis of the results obtained in the various periods showed a more favourable outcome in patients treated by telecobalt therapy, as demonstrated both by average life and 3-year and 5-year survival rates.
Comparative Study of the Liver of Rats treated with Cholic and Lithocholic Acid, alone or associated with Butter-yellow
Authors: Lacassagne Antoine , Buu-hoi Nguyen P. , Hurst Lucienne
Published: April 2018

As lithocholic acid has been found by many workers to exert a cirrhogenic effect on the liver in a variety of animal species, it seemed probable that, given simultaneously with butter-yellow, this biliary acid would act as a hepato-cocarcinogen. In an experimental investigation carried out in rats, both lithocholic and cholic acid showed no accelerating action on the carcinogenicity of butter-yellow. On the contrary, lithocholic acid alone, administered daily for several months, showed a slightly lower toxicity when compared with cholic acid.
Nuclear Antigens and Immunoprophylaxis of Experimental Tumors induced by 20-methylcholanthrene in Mice and Rats
Authors: Maisin J. H.
Published: April 2018

It is well known that in chemically induced sarcoma (rats) or epithelioma (mice) tumor-specific antigens are present, which differ from the tissue-specific antigens normally present in the tissues from which these cancers arise. However, the host tolerates the tumor and is apparently unable to elaborate antibodies active enough to reject the tumor. On the other hand, it is well known that the specific-tumor antigens elaborated by different cancers, though arising from a same tissue and produced by a same carcinogen, are often chemically different. These chemical differences between tissue-specific antigens constitute a major difficulty to use them to induce an immunoprophylaxis against the induction of cancer of the same tissue with a same carcinogen. Nevertheless, we have previously demonstrated that by using the specific antigens, present in a pool of microsomes extracted from cancer cells, it is possible to induce a marked degree of resistance towards the induction of a similar type of cancers in the immunised animal. In this paper it is shown that, by chemical procedure, it is possible to extract, from a pool of nuclei of cancer cells, two fractions which can induce a highly significant degree of resistance in the injected animals towards the incidence of cancer of a similar type. The two types of cancers investigated were the subcutaneous sarcoma of the rat induced by injection of methylcholanthrene and the skin cancer of the mouse induced by cutaneous methylcholanthrene paintings.
Blastic Transformation Induced on the Lymphocytes «in vitro» by an Exudate of Reticulum Cell Sarcoma
Authors: Grifoni Vincenzo , Rugakli Claudio , Tossi Bruna , Besana Carlo , Forni Alessandra
Published: April 2018

The blood lymphocyte culture «in vitro» has been employed in order to investigate (a) the presence of neoplastic antigens in reticulum cell sarcoma exudates, and (b) the ability of patients with reticulum cell proliferative diseases (reticulum cell sarcoma, reticulum cell reticulosis) to give immune reactions to such antigens. Lymphocytes from a patient with reticulum cell reticulosis showed a 7.3% transformation to blast cells in the presence of the pleural exudate from a reticulum cell sarcoma patient. However, this same exudate did not induce transformation of lymphocytes from two other patients with reticulum cell sarcoma nor of normal lymphocytes. Lymphocytes from the exudate donor patient did show a small percentage transformation in the presence as well as in the absence of the exudate (2.3, and 2.1%, respectively). With the purpose of identification of the transformating factor, fractionation studies were performed yielding a carbohydrate-rich, partially dialyzable mucoprotein. The conclusion is drawn that lymphocytes from the patient with reticulum cell reticulosis were immunologically reactive to a neoplastic antigen contained in the reticulum cell sarcoma exudate, and possibly produced by the proliferating reticulum cells.
The Intraductal Carcinoma of the Breast is Never a Carcinoma «In Situ».
Authors: Sirtori Carlo , Talamazzi Franco
Published: April 2018

Histological patterns of « intraductal carcinoma » were observed in lymph node metastases, in 16 of 69 intraductal carcinomas of the breast. The so-called intraductal cancer, generally considered a « in situ » carcinoma of the breast, is therefore an infiltrating tumor; its histological picture, present sometime also in the metastases, is related to a particular morphogenetic differentiative activity of the tumor cells.
A Study on the Role of Compensatory Hyperplasia in Renal Carcinogenesis with Dimethylnitrosamine in the Rat
Authors: Terracini Benedetto , Palestro Giorgio , Ruà Savino , Trevisio Anna
Published: April 2018

Two experiments of renal carcinogenesis with dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) are described. In experiment I, the carcinogenicity of a single neonatal injection of DMN was compared in 34 intact rats and in 38 rats right-nephrectomized at 8–10 weeks of age. A total of 37 tumor-bearing kidneys were seen: both tubular and anaplastic; tumor incidence and time of observation showed no significant differences between intact and nephrectomized animals. Liver tumors were seen in 38 of 72 rats. In experiment II, 64 adult rats were given DMN in the drinking water for 2 weeks at a concentration corresponding to half an effective dose: 20 rats were used as non-nephrectomized controls; the others were right nephrectomized either on the 7th - 8th day of treatment with DMN or 15 days prior to the beginning of the treatment with the carcinogen. In no case did unilateral nephrectomy have a modifying effect upon carcinogenesis. In nephrectomized rats nonneoplastic nephritic changes were more severe than in intact animals. The design of the present experiments is compared with that of previous studies on the role of either partial hepatectomy or unilateral nephrectomy in carcinogenesis.
Combined Therapy in Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Pipino Giorgio , Germiniani Roberto
Published: April 2018

30 postmenopausal or oophorectomised women with metastasising breast cancer were treated with cyclophosphamide 500 mg weekly or with triethylenthiophosphoramide 20 mg monthly; aminopterin, fluorouracil or vinblastine were given in association. A marked reduction of the metastases was observed in 15 of the 30 cases treated.
Electron Microscopic Study of Viral Particles in the Pancreas of Normal and Leukemic Mice
Authors: Torre Gabriella Della
Published: April 2018

An electron microscopic study of viral particles was conducted on pancreas, thymus, and bone marrow of normal and leukemic (C57BL x C3Hf) F1 (BC3) and SWR mice. The leukemic mice had developed thymic lymphosarcoma after neonatal injection of N-nitrosomethylurea or urethan. An intense proliferation of type C particles morphologically identical to the murine leukemia virus was found in the acinar cells of the exocrine pancreas of BC3 mice. The particles were predominantly located in intracytoplasmic vacuoles but they were also numerous in dilated cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and in extracellular spaces. A substantial quantitative difference of type C particles between the pancreases of leukemic and healthy mice was not observed. No viral particles were found in the pancreas of SWR mice. In the thymus and bone marrow of BC3 and SWR mice a small number of type C particles and intracisternal type A particles was found in all the experimental and control groups. The observation of a high number of type C particles in the exocrine pancreas of BC3 mice is discussed in relation to a viral etiology of chemically-induced lymphomas.
Effects of Repeated Injections of Rabbit Anti-mouse Lymphocyte Serum on Tumors Induced in Mice by 7,12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene Given at Birth.
Authors: Baroni Carlo D. , Scelsi Roberto , Peronace Laura , Uccini Stefania , Cavallero Anna
Published: April 2018

The present paper describes the effects of repeated administration of rabbit anti-mouse lymphocyte serum (ALS) or normal rabbit serum (NRS) on tumors induced in Charles–River mice by 7,12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA) given at birth. ALS or NRS were given at the same time of DMBA administration and subsequently at weekly intervals for the first 10 weeks of life or at daily intervals for 7 days during the first, second, third or fourth week of life. Incidence, latency, diffusion and histology of the tumors were studied. It was found that either chronic administration of ALS or treatment of very young mice with the serum, greatly reduced the mean survival time of mice, markedly increased the number of tumor bearing mice and the incidence of all histological types of tumors, and decreased their latency period. Administration of ALS in the other experimental groups gave results essentially similar to those observed in DMBA control and NRS treated mice.
Structural Analysis and in Vitro Function of 80 s Ribosomes Isolated from Mouse Tumor Cells.
Authors: Sacchi Ada , Delpino Andrea , Greco Claudia , Ferrini Umberto
Published: April 2018

Investigations were conducted on the RNA/protein ratio and in vitro functional activity of the large pool of 80 s ribosomes and their subunits isolated from some mouse tumors. No differences in the capacity of these ribosomes for polyU-directed polyphenylalanine synthesis were observed. On the other hand, the large subunit of Ehrlich and Sarcoma 180 tumors was found to have a different RNA/protein ratio (corresponding to a loss of about 5 % of its protein content) from the 60 s subunit of mouse liver.
Lymphocyte-macrophage Interaction in the Rejection Reaction Against Isologous and Homologous Ascites Tumors.
Authors: Bellelli Luciano , Nista Anna , Russo Matteo , Sezzi Maria Luisa
Published: April 2018

The immunological rejection of two strains of Ehrlich adenocarcinoma ascites cells and of leukemia L1210 ascites cells was studied respectively in Swiss and DBA/2 mice previously immunized with irradiated tumor cells. During the first phases of the reaction cell contacts between lymphocytes and cancer cells, lymphocytes and macrophages and also between two lymphocytes were frequently observed. Afterwards macrophages surrounding tumor cells and macrophages loaded either with whole tumor cells or with cell debris were a usual finding. During the immunological rejection 7S globulin could not be detected on cancer cells by fluoresceine isothiocyanate labelled rabbit γ-globulin anti-7S mouse globulin. Cytotoxicity test performed on 51Cr-labelled tumor cells showed that peritoneal cells are more active than spleen and lymph node cells. Some hypotheses on the observed phenomena are discussed.
Morphological Typing of Endometrial Adenocarcinoma as the Basis of the Natural History of the Tumor.
Authors: Filotico Marcello , Trabucco Mario , Faggiano Francesco , Mannarini Giovanni , Grasso Silvana
Published: April 2018

Current ideas on Müllerian tumors of the ovary are applied to the classification of endometrial adenocarcinomas, which are divided into four main histotypes: Type 1 or homologous or endometrioid (65 % of cases); Type 2 or Fallopianlike (15.8 %); Type 3 or cervical-like (13.4%) and Type 4 or unclassifiable (5%). This classification aims to provide a useful morphological criterion for forecasting the sensitivity of endometrial adenocarcinomas to endocrine treatment with progestational agents. Type 1 accounts for about 80 % of all adenocarcinomas of the endometrium in the fifth decade of life, which is supposed to be the period most exposed to estrogenic stimulation. These adenocarcinomas represent only 14 % of all endometrial adenocarcinomas. The above results are based on a 155-case series.
The Evaluation of Cancer Control Measures.
Authors: Boyes David A. , Knowelden John , Phillips Alexander J.
Published: April 2018

The assessment of a screening procedure falls into two parts. The first is the development of a test and the establishment of criteria of specificity and sensitivity. The second stage is that of the application of the test to the general population, demanding attention to the natural history of the disease and to the usefulness and simplicity of the test itself. The decision to organize a screening programme has usually to be taken on the basis of incomplete information and in the setting of a population subjected to constant change. It is the hope of the Committee on Cancer Prevention and Detection of the UICC that the conclusions from the Symposium will prove helpful to all who face such decisions.
Parameters of the Infiltration of Epiglottic Cancer and Horizontal Supraglottic Laryngectomy.
Authors: Urbano Ugo , Ghilardi Pier Luigi , Vaglini Francesco
Published: April 2018

The study of local infiltration of supraglottic cancer in 34 cases of horizontal supraglottic laryngectomy shows the sharp demarcation of this type of tumour on the cordal plane and the absence of local recurrences.
Characterization of a Herpes Simplex Virus Isolated from a Lip Tumor Developing after Recurrent Herpes.
Authors: Cassai Enzo N. , Terni Maurizio , Califano Adalberto
Published: April 2018

A spindle-cell carcinoma developed on the lower lip of 53-year-old patient who had suffered from recurrent local herpes. From a tumor biopsy a human herpesvirus 1 (Type 1 Herpes Simplex Virus) was isolated (strain n. 466). Infected cells contain eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions (fig. 3); the agent's cpe is abolished by anti-HSV antiserum and by chloroform; the agent produces typical plaques (fig. 4), grows at 38 °C, and its DNA has a density of approximately 1.726 g per cm3, equal to that of DNA of « F » prototype of human herpesvirus 1 (text-fig. 1). However, its immunological structure (text-fig. 2) and its protein electrophoretic pattern (fig. 5) slightly differentiate this virus from homotypic strains including some local isolates. At the time the virus was isolated from the tumor no HSV was recovered from the surrounding skin of the patient. After surgical removal of the tumor, the patient suffered no more of herpetic recurrences. As far as the significance of the isolation is concerned, UV-inactivated strains possess a transforming activity in vitro and human herpesvirus 2 is known to be associated to cervical carcinoma in some human populations, but no direct oncogenicity has been shown in HSV. In our case, HSV may have been implicated through the association of the irritant effect of repeated recurrences and a possible abortive type of infection with cigarette smoking.
Correlations between Clinical Control and Histopathologic Findings in Breast Cancer after Irradiation and Radical Mastectomy.
Authors: Uslenghi Carlo , Zucali Roberto , Clemente Claudio , Kenda Rado
Published: April 2018

154 cases of breast cancer (30 T1-T2; 124 T3-T4) treated by irradiation followed by radical mastectomy were subjected to histological revision in order to check the efficacy of radiotherapy in the local control of cancer and to seek correlations between the histological findings and the clinical course of the disease. The tumor disappeared completely only in 24 % of cases, the percentage being higher in the initially smaller tumors; the axillary lymph nodes showed disappearance of the metastases in a still smaller proportion of cases, namely 15–20%. Only in 16 cases (10% of cases) were the histological findings negative both at mammary and axillary levels. X-ray therapy and cobalt therapy were of equal value in the local control of the disease, despite the higher doses of cobalt. The patients operated on after radiotherapy had a decidedly better survival rate than those treated with irradiation only, since the former were selected because of their better clinical course and operated on because of this. Of the operated patients those whose axillary histology was negative presented a higher survival rate (75% of patients living) than those whose findings were positive (53%). Factors of negligible importance prognostically were: complete sterilization at mammary and axillary level after radiotherapy, persistence of florid cancer tissue at mammary level and histiocytosis of the axillary lymph nodes. In short, the result of locoregional therapy, even when successful, was not crucial in the general control of the disease, especially in advanced locoregional breast cancer (T3-T4 with axillary metastases).
Prognosis of Melanoma of the Vulva.
Authors: Bozzetti Federico , Cascinelli Natale , Cataldo Ignazio , Lupi Giovanni
Published: April 2018

From 1930 to 1972, 27 cases of melanoma of the vulva were treated at the National Cancer Institute of Milan. Prognosis was evaluated in relation to the therapy, the anatomical site, the lymphnodes metastases and the classification according to Clark. The median survival was 20 months and the 4-yr survival was 19 %. The authors reached the following conclusions: site and T of melanoma have no prognostic value; survival is strictly related to the lymphnodes metastases and to Clark's classification: no N+ patients survived longer than two years while 62 % of N- patients are still alive after four years. No survival after 2 years was observed in IV-V class of Clark while a 54 % survival after 4 years was observed in II-III class of Clark. Surgery gives the best results while radiotherapy as single treatment is useless and its role as adjuvant postoperative therapy is still uncertain.
The Importance of Gonadotropin Assays in the Clinical follow up Patients with Germinal Tumors of the Testis
Authors: Chigbuh Alexander , Pizzocaro Giorgio
Published: April 2018

Clinical-hormone studies were done on 34 patients with germinal tumors of the testis. The gonadotropin titres varied from normal to highly elevated values. Only in 4 cases (11.77%), however, were the gonadotropin titres above 10,000 mouse units/24 hours. These 4 were among the 9 cases (26.47%) with positive pregnancy tests. Gynaecomastia was present in 4 patients (11.77%). Total estrogens were assayed in these 4 cases and were found to be high. Gynaecomastia is attributed to excess estrogens. Elevated gonadotropin titres were found predominantly in cases of embryonal carcinoma, teratocarcinoma and choriocarcinoma, as well as in the most advanced clinical stages. As regards the correlation between gonadotropin titres and course of the tumor, it was found that the higher the titre the worse the prognosis. The results suggest that hormonal assays are of value in the clinical follow-up of testicular germinal tumors and should therefore be carried out in association with other clinical parameters.
Criteria for Applying Target Biopsy and Histological Features in the Diagnosis of Gastric Cancer in Situ
Authors: Russo Antonio , Grasso Giuseppe , Sanfilippo Giuseppe , Giannone Giorgio
Published: April 2018

A histological examination of samples of 131 chronic gastric ulcers, 9 polyps and 12 cases of mucosal atrophy taken by means of a endoscope showed 3 border-line lesions and 4 early gastric cancers. The histological patterns of these lesions are described and the difficulty of histological diagnoses in early malignancy are emphasized.
An Analysis of 800 Breast Cancer Patients Relapsed after Radical Mastectomy
Authors: Di Pietro Sergio , Bertario Lucio , Cantù Giulio , Re Alberto
Published: April 2018

The chronology of first recurrences, their topographic distribution and survival from mastectomy were retrospectively studied in a series of 800 mastectomized women with special reference to the relationship between these data and treatment delay, T N categories and free interval. Visceral metastases were more frequent in patients under 50 years, whereas local recurrences were more common in patients over 50. The average free interval was 26 months (over 5 years in 18% of cases) and seemed to be influenced little by the treament delay or by tumor size; it was shorter in patients under 50 years and shorter still in patients with lymph node involvement at operation. A similar correlation exists between these parameters and survival. The 5 year survival rate of the 800 cases with recurrence was 52%, which is quite different from the rate generally indicated for surgical cases, and much higher than the rate for the natural history of untreated breast cancer. The survival rate in cases with first metastases confined to the soft tissues is much higher than in those with bone and/or with visceral metastases. The survival after recurrence proves to be significantly influenced by the length of the free interval, but much more by the presence or absence of regional lymph node involvement, so that the lymph nodes status (N–- or N+) turns out to be a prognostic item of primary importance, even after the onset of recurrence.
Adriamycin plus Bleomycin versus Cyclophosphamide plus Vincristine in Advanced Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix
Authors: de Palo Giuseppe M. , Bajetta Emilio , Beretta Gianni , Bonadonna Gianni
Published: April 2018

The paper reports the results of a prospective controlled study with two drug combinations (adriamycin plus bleomycin versus cyclophosphamide plus vincristine) in 34 consecutive patients with advanced or recurrent carcinoma of uterine cervix. Despite adequate dosage, the incidence of complete and partial remission was low (10% vs 20%) and not superior to that usually obtained with single agent chemotherapy. By adding objective improvement, the over all response rate was 47% and 26%, respectively. The duration of complete plus partial remission was 7.5 and 7.2 months, the median survival for responders 19 and 8.3 months, respectively. After cross over, adriamycin plus bleomycin yielded response in 4/10 patients, cyclophosphamide plus vincristine objective improvement in 1/3 patients. Since the control of advanced cervical carcinoma remains difficult, a combined modality approach with radiotherapy plus adjuvant chemotherapy for stages IIB and III appears worth of trial.
Amyloidosis and Light Chain Plasmocytoma
Authors: Tosato Giovanna , Fagiolo Enzo
Published: April 2018

Nine cases of light chain plasmocytomas, 6 type λ and 3 type k, have been studied in reference to amyloid presence and localisation. Bone marrow plasmocytosis, light chains in serum and/or in the urine, and osteolytic lesions were demonstrated in all the patients. Initial symptoms, i.e., macroglossia and lymphadenopathy, were secondary to amyloid deposits in two patients; the absence of overt evidence of plasmocytoma had previously led to the diagnosis of « primary » amyloidosis in one case. Amyloidosis may therefore be associated with concealed plasmocytomas, evident only after a certain period of time. Amyloidosis was not detected in the sites where it was clinically suspected in two cases. However, on bone marrow aspirates, amyloid was present in seven patients where thioflavine T appeared as homogeneous, amorphous, intercellular substance localised in small areas.
Cocarcinogenic and Irritant Factors of Euphorbia Esula L. Latex
Authors: Upadhyay R. R. , Bakhtavar F. , Ghaisarzadeh M. , Tilabi J.
Published: April 2018

The latex of « Euphorbia esula » has been found to contain highly skin irritant and inflammatory ingenol-3-Δ2,4,6,8,10 pentene tetradecanoate and another factor, ingenol-3-dodecanoate, which is less irritating but which can be responsible for the cocarcinogenic activity exhibited by the latex preparation in the mice back skin experiment.
Osteolysis in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Lambertenghi-Deliliers Giorgio , Castagnone Daniela , Porro Fernando , Cortelezzi Agostino
Published: April 2018

Four patients affected by chronic myeloid leukemia who developed osteolytic lesions in the course of the disease are described. According to the literature, the appearance of these alterations seems to signify an unfavorable prognosis, since they occur slightly before or even at the same time as the blastic transformation of the disease. However, in one case bone biopsy showed a metastasis of a solid tumor, emphasizing the importance of this procedure in order to give a more precise clinical evaluation, both diagnostic and therapeutic.
Radiotherapy of Seminoma of the Testis. Report on 129 Patients
Authors: Cionini Luca , Ciatto Stefano , Pirtoli Luigi , Santoni Riccardo , Cappellini Mario
Published: April 2018

From 1958 to 1974, 129 patients with pure seminoma of the testis were admitted to the Institute of Radiology, University of Florence. Sixty-two were in Stage I, 36 in Stage II A, 23 in Stage II B, 3 in Stage III, and 5 in Stage IV. Para-aortic and ipsilateral iliac nodes were treated in all cases with doses ranging from 3000 to 4200 rads. In the treatment of the supradiaphragmatic area, uniform criteria were not adopted. Out of 124 cases in Stage I, II A and B, and III, 17 suffered a relapse; all relapsed cases died except for one. Site and cause of the failures were analyzed. Prophylactic irradiation of the mediastinum and supraclavicular area appears to lower the probability of recurrence in Stage II. Doses over 3500 rads may be necessary to destroy large metastases. The presence of nonseminomatous areas in a seminoma showing inadequate regression after radiotherapy must be suspected; an exploratory laparotomy should be indicated in such a case.
Cytology in the Diagnosis of Malignant Melanoma
Authors: Svejda Jaroslav , Mechl Zdenek , Sopkova Bozena
Published: April 2018

Some cytologic criteria useful for routine examinations in the diagnosis of malignant melanoma are reported and the diagnostic value of the pre-operatory cytologic smears is also emphasized.
Homology between Cellular Repeated Nucleotide Sequences and a Murine Leukemia Viral Genome
Authors: Ginelli Enrico , Gianni Alessandro M. , Corneo Gianmarco
Published: April 2018

Moloney murine leukemia virus c-DNA hybridizes mainly with cellular middle repeated sequences of NIH-Swiss mouse spleen DNA, fragmented to different lengths, denatured and renatured to an intermediate value of Cot, and fractionated in an Ag+-Cs2SO4 preparative gradient suitable to separate unique, middle repeated and highly repeated DNA.
Malignant Brenner Tumor of the Ovary: Case Report with a Review of the Literature
Authors: Chiarelli Silvia M. , De Marchi Antonio , Piazza Mario
Published: April 2018

A case of malignant Brenner tumor of the ovary is reported. From a survey of the literature some anatomo-clinical considerations are drawn and the histopathologic criteria for diagnosis are discussed.
The Value and Present Indications of Staging Laparotomy in Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Lise Mario , Nitti Donato , Fiorentino Mario , Ricci Giangualberto , Grigoletto Eligio , Orsini Arturo , Fosser Vinicio , Rossi Carlo Riccardo
Published: April 2018

From December 1971 to December 1976 224 patients with Hodgkin's disease underwent diagnostic laparotomy and splenectomy under a multidisciplinary protocol of treatment. In 149/224 (66.5%) the clinical stage of the disease was confirmed, whereas in 75/224 (33.5%) it was modified after surgery. In 7.6% of the patients (17/224) there were postoperative complications. One patient died of myocardial infarction. The rate of complications in the last 100 cases was 5%. Preoperative patient selection, excluding those definitely in stage IV, is of relevance, and it can be done by iliac crest biopsy and laparoscopy. Although a better exploitation of some diagnostic procedures (lymphangiography, laparoscopy) and the expanding use of chemotherapy may reduce in the future the need for staging laparotomy and splenectomy, diagnostic laparotomy is still indicated for the selection and preparation of patients for radiation therapy in stages I, II and III.
Ultrastructural Study of Leukemic Cell Phagocytosis Using the Myeloperoxidase Reaction
Authors: Pozzoli Ermanno , Lambertenghi-Deliliers Giorgio , Soligo Davide , Nava Maria Teresa , Zanon Paola , Maiolo Anna Teresa
Published: April 2018

The phagocytosis (in the absence of serum factors) of zymosan particles by peripheral leukocytes isolated from ten patients with acute leukemia (AMbL, AMoL, AMML, AUL, ALL and CML-BC) was studied at the electron microscope. An evident phagocytic activity was observed only in the cells in which cytochemical and ultrastructural features suggested that the blast elements belonged to the monocytic series. However, no phagocytosis by unclassifiable leukemic blasts was observed, even though they had some submicroscopic characteristics of the monocytic series. These findings suggest that phagocytic capacity develops during the course of cell differentiation, becoming striking only when the blast cell acquires the ultrastructural features of the pro-monocytic stage. Using the myeloperoxidase reaction, this study also demonstrates a morphological alteration in the degranulation process after the ingestion of zymosan particles in both the blasts and the mature PMN cells of leukemic patients. This defect could be related to the susceptibility to severe infections usually found in subjects with hematological malignancies.
Adjuvant Multiple Drug Chemotherapy for Osteosarcoma of the Extremity: A 6 Year Report
Authors: Bacci Gaetano , Campanacci Mario , Picci Piero , Pagani Paolo
Published: April 2018

Fifty-five cases of osteosarcoma of the extremities were treated between 1972 and 1976 with combination surgery and polychemotherapy (vincristine, adriamycin and methotrexate at medium doses) for 18 months. Their follow-up presently ranges between 30 and 80 months (x̄ = 48 months). Twenty-six patients remained free from disease signs, 2 showed local recurrence but no metastases, and 27 exhibited metastases (4 of these also had local recurrences). In 12 patients, the metastases appeared after the end of chemotherapy. Both metastases and local recurrences were more frequent in those patients submitted to segmental bone resection (7/8) than in those treated by more radical surgery (22/47). Comparison with a historical group (94 osteosarcoma patients treated with surgery alone at our Institute between 1960 and 1971) revealed that, during the follow-up period considered, the percentage of patients free from disease signs was higher in the group that also received chemotherapy. In addition, in this group metastatic appearance was delayed (x̄ = 15 months) as compared to historical controls (x̄ = 8 months). On the other hand, after the same kind of surgery, the rate of local recurrences and the time of their appearance was practically the same in both groups.
Laparoscopy Combined with Peritoneal Cytology in Staging and Restaging Ovarian Carcinoma
Authors: Spinelli Pasquale , Pilotti Silvana , Luini Alberto , Spatti Giovan Battista , Pizzetti Paolo , de Palo Giuseppe
Published: April 2018

The merits of laparoscopy, with inspection of the diaphragmatic leaves, and of peritoneal cytology (free fluid or washing) in staging and restaging were studied in 153 patients with ovarian carcinoma. Of 153 patients examined, 83 were new cases, 34 were restaging in patients without clinical and/or radiological signs of disease, and 36 in patients with evident disease. The conversion rate for diaphragmatic metastases alone was 6%. Information about the spread of disease (diaphragmatic metastases) was obtained in 33 new cases (39.7%). In pretreated patients, laparoscopy was positive in 4 of 34 NED restaging and in 24 of 36 ED restaging. The conversion rate for peritoneal cytology was 6.6%, but information about the cellular intraperitoneal spread of the disease was obtained in 31 new cases (37.8%). In pretreated patients, peritoneal cytology was positive in 4 of 34 NED restaging and in 13 of 36 ED restaging.