bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Generative artificial intelligence and evaluating strategic decisions
Authors: Doshi Anil R. , Bell J. Jason , Mirzayev Emil , Vanneste Bart S.
Published: November 2024

Research Summary

Strategic decisions are uncertain and often irreversible. Hence, predicting the value of alternatives is important for strategic decision making. We investigate the use of generative artificial intelligence (AI) in evaluating strategic alternatives using business models generated by AI (study 1) or submitted to a competition (study 2). Each study uses a sample of 60 business models and examines agreement in business model rankings made by large language models (LLMs) and those by human experts. We consider multiple LLMs, assumed LLM roles, and prompts. We find that generative AI often produces evaluations that are inconsistent and biased. However, when aggregating evaluations, AI rankings tend to resemble those of human experts. This study highlights the value of generative AI in strategic decision making by providing predictions.

Managerial Summary

Managers are seeking to create value by integrating generative AI into their organizations. We show how managers can use generative AI to help evaluate strategic decisions. Generative AI's single evaluations are often inconsistent or biased. However, if managers aggregate many evaluations across LLMs, prompts, or roles, the results show that the resulting evaluations tend to resemble those of human experts. This approach allows managers to obtain insight on strategic decisions across a variety of domains with relatively low investments in time or resources, which can be combined with human inputs.
Combination Nanodrug Delivery Systems Facilitate the Syncretism of Chemotherapy with Immunotherapy to Promote Cancer Treatment
Authors: Guo Zishuo , Zheng Haocheng , Wang Tieshan , Han Ning , Zhang Haitong , Li Jialing , Cheng Xuehao , Ye Jinhong , Du Shouying , Li Pengyue
Published: November 2024

Cancer has emerged as a significant threat that gravely endanger human health. Anti‐tumor immunotherapy has now emerged as an important treatment for cancer. However, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment limits the antitumor immunity. The importance of the immune system in the cancer treatment process must be emphasized. Herein, two precision‐targeted nanoparticles PD‐L1@Cur‐NPs and PD‐1@AS‐NPs are constructed for cancer treatment. PD‐L1@Cur‐NPs can precisely target tumor cells in vivo to eradicate tumor cells or induce them apoptosis. PD‐1@AS‐NPs can precisely target T cells in vivo to activate the T cell‐mediated immune system and induce antitumor immune responses. Furthermore, these two nanoparticles have good synergistic effect and show stronger antitumor effect after combination. After treatment with the combination of two nanoparticles, the tumor volumes of C57BL/6 tumor‐bearing mice are significantly reduced. Moreover, the percentage of CD8+T cells and CD4+T cells in the tumor significantly increased, and the percentage of regulatory T cells significantly decreased. The percentage of memory T cells and memory effector T cells in the spleen also significantly increased after treatment, suggesting that the antitumor immunity is activated after treatment. This study provides a new antitumor treatment strategy combining chemotherapy and immunotherapy, which has good application prospect.
Engineering Photocarrier Redistributions in Graphene/III‐V Quantum Dot Mixed‐Dimensional Heterostructures for Radiative Recombination Enhancements
Authors: Chu Rafael Jumar , Lung Quang Nhat Dang , Laryn Tsimafei , Choi Won Jun , Jung Daehwan
Published: November 2024

Integration of graphene and quantum dots (QD) is a promising route to improved material and device functionalities. Underlying the improved properties are alterations in carrier dynamics within the graphene/QD heterostructure. In this study, it is shown that graphene functions as a carrier redistribution and supply channel when integrated with InAs QDs. Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy provides evidence that graphene modifies the redistribution, escape, and recombination dynamics of carriers in the InAs QD ensemble, which ultimately leads to enhanced radiative recombinations at all temperatures and excitation densities probed. It is also shown that the PL enhancement from the graphene/InAs QD heterostructure is greatest with a thin GaAs cap and at higher temperatures where devices operate. This study advances the understanding of graphene/QD heterostructures and can aid the design of mixed‐dimensional optoelectronic devices.
Nucleophilic Sn Seeding and Interface Engineering for Highly Stable Sodium Metal Batteries
Authors: Ali Zeeshan , Shafqat Muhammad Burhan , Ahsan Muhammad Tayyab , Li Shibo , Zhao Wanting , Hou Yanglong
Published: November 2024

Sodium metal is a promising anode material for energy storage beyond lithium‐ion batteries due to its abundance and low cost. However, the uncontrolled growth of dendrites and associated safety concerns have limited the practical application of sodium metal batteries (SMBs). By embedding nucleophilic tin seeds in a free‐standing carbon film (FSF), here, an effective solution is developed to stabilize the sodium metal anode. The highly conductive and porous carbon matrix, intimately embedded with abundant Sn seeds (C@Sn), enables remarkably uniform sodium plating, and provides long‐term stability for SMBs. Mechanistic studies confirm the formation of an Na─Sn alloy on interface which helps to lower the nucleation barrier for sodium plating. Hence, symmetric sodium cells equipped with C@Sn FSFs can sustain uninterrupted sodium plating and stripping for almost 2600 h at a high areal capacity of 4 mA h cm−2, achieving an average Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 99.88%. In addition, full cells prepared with commercial Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode and C@Sn‐FSFs anode deliver remarkable cycling (90 mA h g−1 beyond 1300 cycles at 1C) and excellent rate performance. This ingenious strategy of embedding Sn particles within a carbon matrix offers an overall compelling solution to enhance the longevity of sodium anodes.
Isoreticular Squaraine‐Linked Titanium‐Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic Water Splitting to Hydrogen Under Visible Light
Authors: Yang Le , Yang Huaizhi , Wang Zejin , Han Susu , Tian Liyi , Wang Ying , Zou Zhigang
Published: November 2024

Inspired by the excellent photocatalytic activity of TiO2, titanium metal‐organic frameworks (Ti‐MOFs) with broad absorption of visible light are regarded as promising photocatalysts, but carboxylate‐linkers used in them are mainly limited to the large extended π‐electron systems. Developing Ti‐MOFs using organic linkers with a donor–acceptor–donor (D–A–D) structure is expected to improve their charge separation but is still challenging. Herein the design of two new isoreticular Ti‐MOFs, Ti6‐SQ1 and Ti6‐SQ2 are reported, by using squaraines bearing different electron donors as organic linkers. Discrete fourier transform (DFT) calculations demonstrate that ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer (LMCT) from the acceptor units of squaraines to the Ti6‐oxo secondary building units (SBUs) drives the photocatalytic water splitting to hydrogen reaction. Compared with Ti6‐SQ2, the shorter distance between the squaraine centers and the Ti6‐oxo SBUs in Ti6‐SQ1 makes stronger LMCT, showing higher photocatalytic hydrogen evolution efficiency of 11.5 mmol g−1 h−1 under visible light (λ > 420 nm), which is ≈8 times that of Ti‐based MOF photocatalysts reported so far. This work provides a new strategy to design Ti‐MOF photocatalysts and understand their structure‐property relationship.
Grid‐Like Structured Sb@DNC Anode by Self‐Sacrificial Etching for Fast and Durable Sodium Storage
Authors: Wang Guang , Li Qinghua , Zhang Wei , Liang Zhixin , Wang Junling , Lin Zeyu , Huang Zhijiao , Xie Sike , Xu Jinbao , Huang Shaoming
Published: November 2024

Alloying‐type materials are promising anodes for sodium storage due to high specific capacities and appropriate redox potentials, but their practical application is impeded by rapid capacity decay from volume change during sodium ion insertion/extraction. Hence, a dual‐type N‐doped carbon‐confined antimony (Sb) nanoparticle (Sb@DNC, where DNC contains an outer N‐doped carbon armor and an inner N‐doped grid‐like carbon skeleton) anode material is fabricated via a self‐sacrificial etching strategy to address this challenge. Specifically, the dual‐type N‐doped carbon matrix can prevent the agglomeration and precipitation of Sb particles, increase a large number of reactive active sites, alleviate severe volume expansion/contraction, and construct a highly interconnected electron/ion transport network. Benefiting from the exquisite structure, the Sb@DNC electrode exhibits excellent cycling stability (2400 cycles at 1.0 A g−1) and astonishing high‐rate performance (331.0 mAh g−1 at 10.0 A g−1). Additionally, the state‐of‐the‐art in/ex situ technologies reveals the sodium storage mechanism of the “battery‐capacitance dual‐mode” and the origin of the ability to withstand continuous volumetric strain for the Sb@DNC electrode. Finally, the derived sodium‐ion full cell presents outstanding practical potential. This work emphasizes the great significance of rational structural engineering strategies in the field of alloy‐type anode materials for high‐performance sodium‐ion batteries.
Complex‐mediated nucleophilic aromatic substitution with aryl nitriles to realize intramolecular flapping‐restricted D‐A AIEgens for bioimaging
Authors: Liu Feng , Liu Junkai , Gong Junyi , Lin Runfeng , Qiu Siyuan , Liu Zicheng , Li Chongyang , Meng Miao , Li Shijie , Tu Mei , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Niu Guangle , Chen Ming
Published: November 2024

Donor‐acceptor (D‐A) compounds are particularly important in optoelectronic and biological applications. However, they are normally synthesized in the presence of transition metal catalysts. Herein, we report a metal‐free method by a complex‐mediated nucleophilic aromatic substitution of aryl nitriles with amines. The method can lead to rich D‐A type aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) with tunable properties. They emit from deep‐blue to yellow‐green and possess high photoluminescence quantum yields up to 70.5% in the aggregate state. Interestingly, the suppression of intramolecular flapping is proved to play an indispensable role in the AIE behavior, which is different from the mechanism met in other AIEgens. Moreover, the biocompatible AIEgens possess specific staining of lipid droplets in HeLa cells and the superiority of identifying fatty liver over traditional Oil Red O staining is exhibited.
Unveiling the Potential of Ultraviolet Fluorescence Imaging as a Versatile Inspection Tool: Insights from Extensive Photovoltaic Module Inspections in Multi‐MWp Photovoltaic Power Stations
Authors: Buerhop‐Lutz Claudia , Stroyuk Oleksandr , Mashkov Oleksandr , Hauch Jens A. , Peters Ian Marius
Published: November 2024

UV fluorescence imaging (UVF) has the potential to grow into a powerful, informative, and economically attractive inspection method for photovoltaic (PV) power stations. UVF demonstrates the ability to indicate differences in polymer types and degradation states in backsheets and encapsulation materials of PV modules. The data acquisition rate of UVF measurements is 10 to 15 times higher than that achieved by state‐of‐the‐art near‐infrared spectroscopy, enabling the mapping of the bill of materials (BoMs) and degradation state for every module in large PV arrays. Combinations of UVF with vibrational spectroscopies allow the polymer BoMs to be recognized and correlated with aging phenomena such as metal corrosion or potential induced degradation. UVF imaging can also be used for conventional visualization of nonmaterial‐related anomalies, such as hot cells or cell cracks. The low purchase cost of the equipment makes UVF an affordable and high‐throughput diagnostic method yielding comprehensive information that would otherwise only be accessible by combining several slower and more laborious methods. Automated UVF image analysis and refinements of correlations between different BoMs and UVF pattern geometry can further unlock the potential of UVF as a straightforward tool accessible to all stakeholders and promote proactive strategies for the optimization of the reliability and performance of PV power stations.
Effect of pore solution alkalinity on alkali–silica reaction (ASR) in metakaolin‐based geopolymer
Authors: Lei Jiawei , Kumar Dhanendra , Yang En‐Hua
Published: November 2024

Geopolymer concretes have shown better resistance against alkali–silica reaction (ASR) than ordinary Portland cement concretes, which was attributed to the low pore solution alkalinity of the geopolymer. However, the alkalinity of the geopolymer pore solution depends on the concentration and volume of the activating solutions used and age of the geopolymer. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of pore solution alkalinity on the ASR expansion of the metakaolin‐based geopolymer concrete. The chemistry of the pore solution of metakaolin‐based geopolymer was studied, and its reaction with reactive and non‐reactive aggregates was investigated. The concrete prism expansion tests showed no ASR‐induced expansion in geopolymer despite sufficient pore solution alkalinity to attack the reactive aggregates. The SEM and XRD characterizations confirmed that no ASR‐related gel was formed during the reaction between reactive aggregates and extracted pore solution. The chemical structure of the reaction product between aggregates and pore solution was characterized using MAS NMR and revealed no difference in the reaction products with reactive and non‐reactive aggregates. The results suggest that the pore solution alkalinity is not the sole governing parameter for ASR expansion in the geopolymer.
Progress in molecular systematics of Caprifoliaceae
Authors: Wang Guo‐Qing , Morales‐Briones Diego F. , Landis Jacob B. , Wang Hong‐Xin , Wang Hua‐Feng
Published: November 2024

Caprifoliaceae sensu APG IV shows a disjunctive distribution between Eurasia and America, and is an excellent study system for exploring the formation of species with an Eurasian–North American disjunct distribution. Due to widespread hybridization and introgression in Caprifoliaceae sensu APG IV as well as morphological convergence and discontinuous distribution of species, the phylogenetic relationships among subfamilies and the systematic positions of some genera have yet to be fully resolved. Therefore, we present an overview of the classification and molecular phylogenetic studies of Caprifoliaceae sensu APG IV in recent years, aiming to provide a reference for the systematic classification of Caprifoliaceae sensu APG IV and to facilitate discussions of problems and directions of systematic studies in the family.
A Review on Chemistry and Methods of Synthesis of 1,2,4‐Triazole Derivatives
Authors: Couto Rodrigues Searitha , Silva Moratório de Moraes Raphael , Tavares de Almeida Pinto Gabriel , Miranda Martins Maria Tereza , Antunes do Nascimento Patrick , Alves Soares Deivid Lucas , Mestre Botelho Ana Beatriz , Cardoso Cruz Camille , Cunha Anna Claudia
Published: November 2024

This review provides a comprehensive overview of research on 1,2,4‐triazoles conducted over the last fifteen years. 1,2,4‐Triazoles are highly significant in the pharmaceutical industry, with numerous compounds from this class used clinically as antifungal, antiviral, antibacterial, anti‐inflammatory, and antitubercular agents. Beyond their pharmaceutical relevance, this review also explores their role in material science and agriculture. In material science, 1,2,4‐triazoles are gaining prominence, particularly in the development of energetic materials (EMs), due to their exceptional properties such as thermal stability, coordination ability, and performance comparable to well‐known explosives. Their applications extend to polymers, corrosion inhibitors, and metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), and they play a significant role in the development of functional materials for sensors, catalysis, and energy storage. Additionally, the review addresses general aspects and synthetic methodologies for the functionalization and construction of the 1,2,4‐triazole ring. Synthetic methods discussed include metalation synthesis, cyclization of hydrazine derivatives, multicomponent reactions, cyclization of amides and amidines, and microwave‐assisted synthesis. Given the significance of the triazole scaffold, its synthesis has garnered considerable attention due to its wide‐ranging applications across various industrial sectors.
Navigating beyond a veterinary career to One Health and its practical applications
Authors: Devkumar Sinthu
Published: November 2024

Becoming a vet was among many career options for Sinthu Devkumar and after intercalating in the social sciences during her preclinical years, the role of interdisciplinary research started to shape her future career path.
Cattaneo‐Christov model for cross nanofluid with Soret and Dufour effects under endothermic/exothermic reactions: a modified Buongiorno tetra‐hybrid nanofluid approach
Authors: Sajid Tanveer , Bilal Muhammad , Altamirano Gilder Cieza
Published: November 2024

The previous researchers used a slightly different version of the Buongiorno hybrid nanofluid (BHNF) concept. In the existing research, there is not a single effort that was undertaken to explore the effect that tetra hybrid nanoparticles (tethnf) implanted with the BHNF model have on liquid movement that is then exposed to an elastic sheet. This endeavor focuses on researching the implication of a modified Buongiorno tetra hybrid cross nanofluid concept on magnetized radiative cross nanofluid transport, along with impacts such as Cattaneo–Christov heat flux and Cattaneo–Christov mass flux, variable thermal conductivity, diffusion‐thermo and thermo‐diffusion effects, and endothermic/exothermic type chain reactions. This approach integrates both Buongiorno and tethnf. By inserting similar variables, the controlling model partial differential equations have been transformed into dimensionless Ordinary differential equations. These equations are then treated computationally with the help of the Lobatto III A technique. The MATLAB computer program is used to produce simulation solutions, as well as the findings, which are displayed in the form of graphs and tables. Based on the results that have been gathered, it was discovered that the speed of heat delivery increases when there is an increase in the speed of an endothermic reaction. When the Dufour and thermal relaxation factors are increased, the speed at which heat is transmitted also increases. The fluid viscosity becomes more pronounced as a result of an increase in the viscosity index n, the Weissenberg number We, and the magnetic field M, all of which contribute to a reduction in the velocity distribution. A progressive change in the radiation parameters Rd, Dufour effect, and thermal conductivity which magnifies Nusselt number causes an increase in the heat delivery rate, which in turn amplifies Nusselt number.
Spoken Dialogue Technology for Semi-Autonomous Cybernetic Avatars
Authors: Kawahara Tatsuya , Saruwatari Hiroshi , Higashinaka Ryuichiro , Komatani Kazunori , Lee Akinobu
Published: November 2024

Speech technology has made significant advances with the introduction of deep learning and large datasets, enabling automatic speech recognition and synthesis at a practical level. Dialogue systems and conversational AI have also achieved dramatic advances based on the development of large language models. However, the application of these technologies to humanoid robots remains challenging because such robots must operate in real time and in the real world. This chapter reviews the current status and challenges of spoken dialogue technology for communicative robots and virtual agents. Additionally, we present a novel framework for the semi-autonomous cybernetic avatars investigated in this study.
Perspektiven auf das Lebensende: eine systematische Erhebung bei Patienten mit amyotropher Lateralsklerose
Authors: Eickhoff Clemens , Schöne-Seifert Bettina , Kettemann Dagmar , Bormann Eike , Grehl Torsten , Boentert Matthias , Koch Jan C. , Schmitt Carolina , Schrank Bertold , Schröter Carsten , Meyer Thomas
Published: November 2024

Hintergrund

Die amyotrophe Lateralsklerose (ALS) ist eine Erkrankung, die weiterhin vorwiegend symptomatisch bzw. palliativ behandelt werden muss. Umso wichtiger ist es, neben der Initiierung von Therapien wie Perkutane endoskopische Gastrostomie (PEG), nichtinvasiver Beatmungstherapie (NIBT), invasiver Beatmungstherapie mit Tracheotomie (IBT), beizeiten über die mögliche Beendigung dieser Maßnahmen zu sprechen.

Fragestellung

Welche Bedeutung haben Patientenverfügungen für die Betroffenen und wo liegen eventuelle Defizite der Therapieplanung für das Lebensende?

Material und Methode

An sechs Behandlungszentren wurden im Zeitraum zwischen März 2017 und Januar 2019 Patienten mit der klinisch sicheren Diagnose ALS gebeten, einen Fragebogen auszufüllen. Insgesamt haben 328 Personen diese Bögen ausgefüllt zurückgegeben.

Ergebnisse

Insgesamt 72 % der Befragten besaßen eine Patientenverfügung (PV), 25 % planten eine solche auszufüllen, lediglich 3 % lehnten dies ab. Beim Verfassen der PV hatten die meisten Patienten (90 %) Unterstützung erhalten, bei 56 % fand jedoch keine ärztliche Beratung statt und lediglich 18 % hatten ihre Verfügung gemeinsam mit Arzt und Angehörigen erstellt, wobei sich die Mehrzahl eine Unterstützung auch durch einen Arzt gewünscht hätte. 37 % aller Patienten wünschten sich einen Ansprechpartner, um über ihre Erkrankung zu sprechen, lediglich 40 % von diesen hatten einen solchen Ansprechpartner. 22 % aller Patienten gaben an, einen Suizid erwogen zu haben. Von diesen gaben 55 % an, keinen Ansprechpartner für die psychische Belastung durch die Erkrankung zu haben; 31 % gaben aber an, dass sie gerne einen Ansprechpartner hätten.

Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung

Eine koordinierte Versorgung von ALS-Patienten, die auch die psychosozialen Aspekte in den Blick nimmt, ist dringend erforderlich.
Temperature-dependent optical absorption spectroscopy of ion irradiated silicon carbide epilayers on silicon
Authors: Costantini Jean-Marc , Guillaumet Maxime , Lelong Gérald
Published: November 2024

Transmission optical absorption spectra of ion-irradiated 3C-SiC epitaxial films on a silicon substrate are measured in the visible-near infrared range from room temperature down to about 10 K. These data show strong interference fringe patterns on top of the silicon absorption edge at about 10,460 cm1 which limits the transmittance of the samples. The radiation damage by 2.3-MeV Si+ and 3.0-MeV Kr+ ions is studied by following the impact of ion irradiation on these transmission spectra as a function of ion fluence and at various temperatures. The temperature dependence of the optical gap of silicon is deduced from the evolution of the fundamental absorption edge and that of the refractive index of SiC is deduced from the evolution of fringe spacing. The low temperature measurements evidence the shrinkage of band gap of silicon which is assigned to the gradual amorphization of the ion-implanted zone of the substrate as a function of fluence. These new results bridge a gap in the data on the properties of ion-induced damage in silicon carbide and silicon.
Evaluating transurethral resection of the prostate over twenty years: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Porto Joao G. , Bhatia Ansh M. , Bhat Abhishek , Suarez Arbelaez Maria Camila , Blachman-Braun Ruben , Shah Khushi , Malpani Ankur , Lopategui Diana , Herrmann Thomas R. W. , Marcovich Robert , Shah Hemendra N.
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The goal of this systematic review is to assess the temporal changes in outcomes and complications of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) from 2000 to 2022.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 103 randomized clinical trials from PubMed on TURP, involving 8521 patients. Studies were grouped by years: 2000–2004, 2005–2009, 2010–2014, and 2015–2022. We assessed International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), Peak Flow (Qmax), Post-void residue of urine (PVR), and post-operative complications. Heterogeneity was ranked as low (I2 < 25%), moderate (I2 = 25–75%), or high (I2 > 75%).

Results

TURP significantly improved IPSS, Qmax, and PVR, with the most recent studies showing superior results in IPSS and Qmax after 3 years compared to 2000–2004 studies. Heterogeneity in PVR was high (I2 = 100%). No negative impact on erectile function was observed. Complication rates included TURP syndrome (2%), bleeding (8%), and blood transfusion (6%), but elevated heterogeneity with difference between the groups was seen in clot evacuation (I2 = 83%) and urinary tract infections (I2 = 82%). Other complications were urinary retention (4%), incontinence (8%), urethral stricture (3%), bladder neck stenosis (2%).

Conclusion

In the last 20 years there has not been a clear trend in the results of TURP. The found heterogeneity may indicate a lack of standardization in TURP procedures. However, symptomatic improvement among patients is uniform, which supports this procedure as a historical benchmark surgical treatment for BPH.
Microglia contribute to the production of the amyloidogenic ABri peptide in familial British dementia
Authors: Arber Charles , Casey Jackie M. , Crawford Samuel , Rambarack Naiomi , Yaman Umran , Wiethoff Sarah , Augustin Emma , Piers Thomas M. , Price Matthew , Rostagno Agueda , Ghiso Jorge , Lewis Patrick A. , Revesz Tamas , Hardy John , Pocock Jennifer M. , Houlden Henry , Schott Jonathan M. , Salih Dervis A. , Lashley Tammaryn , Wray Selina
Published: November 2024

Mutations in ITM2B cause familial British, Danish, Chinese, and Korean dementias. In familial British dementia (FBD), a mutation in the stop codon of the ITM2B gene (also known as BRI2) causes a C-terminal cleavage fragment of the ITM2B/BRI2 protein to be extended by 11 amino acids. This fragment, termed amyloid-Bri (ABri), is highly insoluble and forms extracellular plaques in the brain. ABri plaques are accompanied by tau pathology, neuronal cell death and progressive dementia, with striking parallels to the aetiology and pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. The molecular mechanisms underpinning FBD are ill-defined. Using patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells, we show that expression of ITM2B/BRI2 is 34-fold higher in microglia than neurons and 15-fold higher in microglia compared with astrocytes. This cell-specific enrichment is supported by expression data from both mouse and human brain tissue. ITM2B/BRI2 protein levels are higher in iPSC-microglia compared with neurons and astrocytes. The ABri peptide was detected in patient iPSC-derived microglial lysates and conditioned media but was undetectable in patient-derived neurons and control microglia. The pathological examination of post-mortem tissue supports the presence of ABri in microglia that are in proximity to pre-amyloid deposits. Finally, gene co-expression analysis supports a role for ITM2B/BRI2 in disease-associated microglial responses. These data demonstrate that microglia are major contributors to the production of amyloid forming peptides in FBD, potentially acting as instigators of neurodegeneration. Additionally, these data also suggest ITM2B/BRI2 may be part of a microglial response to disease, motivating further investigations of its role in microglial activation. These data have implications for our understanding of the role of microglia and the innate immune response in the pathogenesis of FBD and other neurodegenerative dementias including Alzheimer’s disease.
Climate variability links to changes in Rioja wine (Spain)
Authors: Rasilla Domingo F. , Aransay Raquel , Conde-Oria Francisco
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the impact of regional climate changes on the production, quality, chemical composition, and phenological patterns of Rioja wine in Spain from 1993 to 2017. Data from DOCa Rioja and the Marqués de Riscal winery were analyzed in conjunction with meteorological and remote sensing data to provide a comprehensive evaluation. The findings reveal an increase in alcohol content and pH, coupled with a decrease in acidity, correlative to phenological shifts such as earlier grape ripening and reduced leaf canopy. Additionally, a thorough examination of monthly climate anomalies highlights the significance of May in determining harvest outcomes, influenced by the Eastern Atlantic (EA) mode of low-frequency variability. The potential connection between springtime weather conditions and tropical climate variability is also explored.
Effects of cybersickness mitigation methods on behavior: a comparative study based on the skill–rule–knowledge model
Authors: Qi Shuaixin , Menozzi Marino
Published: November 2024

Cybersickness (CS) is a pressing issue in virtual reality (VR) systems. While various mitigation methods (MMs) have been developed to counteract CS, their effects on human behavior remain largely unexplored, raising concerns about their potential applications. Using Jens Rasmussen’s skill–rule–knowledge (SRK) model as a framework, our study investigated the effects of two widely adopted MMs—dynamic field of view and dynamic blurring—in VR. We compared these methods to a baseline condition where no MM was applied. We designed three VR tasks that align with the behavioral levels of the SRK model. In a within-subject study (N = 22), participants completed each task using these MMs. We measured task performance, CS symptoms, and locomotion control. Additionally, qualitative feedback was collected. Our results revealed that neither MM significantly alleviated CS across different VR scenarios. Furthermore, while some participants found MMs helpful, a larger portion reported visual hindrances, and a significant performance drop was measured in the skill-based task. More critically, participants indicated behavioral adaptations in response to the MMs, including changes in locomotion strategies and viewing behavior. Potential causes and implications were discussed. In conclusion, MMs offer promise, but their application necessitates a nuanced understanding of their impacts. We recommend a context-sensitive approach when designing and integrating MMs, prioritizing both maximizing CS mitigation and minimizing interference with the natural behaviors of users.
Does seismic isolation reduce the seismic vulnerability and the variability of the inelastic seismic response? Large-scale experimental investigation
Authors: Tsiavos Anastasios , Nunes Miguel Figueiredo , Stojadinovic Bozidar
Published: November 2024

This paper focuses on the large-scale experimental investigation of the seismic vulnerability and the variability of the inelastic seismic response of seismically isolated structures in comparison to conventional, fixed-based structures. The experimental setup comprises a steel structure consisting of two steel columns and a steel mass on top. The structure is seismically isolated using four friction pendulum bearings and subjected to an ensemble of strong recorded earthquake ground motion excitations using the shaking table of ETH laboratory. A mechanical clevis connection consisting of two hinges and two replaceable steel coupons is designed and constructed to facilitate the investigation of the seismic inelastic behavior of the structure for the selected ground motion record ensemble through the replacement of the damaged coupons after each shaking table excitation. Within this frame, the mechanical clevis connection presented in this study facilitates the parametric and experimental investigation of the seismic, inelastic behaviour of a wide range of structures and the experimental determination of their seismic fragility curves. The seismic vulnerability and the variability of the seismic response of the seismically isolated and the corresponding fixed-based structure are compared for three seismic hazard levels. The comparison of the response of the two structures demonstrates experimentally the ability of seismic isolation to reduce the seismic vulnerability and the variability of the seismic response of structures subjected to strong earthquake ground motion excitation, thus leading to the design of structures of higher performance, predictability and reliability in their response, even for extreme earthquake events.
Germline pathogenic variants in RNF43 in patients with and without serrated polyposis syndrome
Authors: Brinch Heidi Hesselø , Byrjalsen Anna , Lohse Zuzana , Rasmussen Andreas Ørslev , Karstensen John Gásdal , Kristiansen Britta Schlott , Jelsig Anne Marie
Published: November 2024

Serrated Polyposis Syndrome (SPS) is characterized by multiple and/or large serrated polyps in the colon and an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). The etiology is largely unknown, but in a subset of patients with SPS, monoallelic pathogenic variants in RNF43 are detected. To date, however, the penetrance and phenotypic spectrum of patients carrying pathogenic variants (PV) in RNF43 are poorly described. We present eight patients both with and without serrated polyps from four unrelated families with likely pathogenic variants (LPV) in RNF43 and compare the results to current literature. The patients were referred to genetic counseling due to suspicion of hereditary cancer. They underwent genetic testing with custom NGS gene panels including RNF43 as part of a routine genetic work-up. Three LPVs, one multi-exon deletion and two nonsense variants, were detected in four families. Family I had a history of CRC and serrated polyps, but in the three other families (II‒IV) there was no history of CRC or serrated polyps. Colonoscopies in the probands of these families did not reveal any serrated polyps and/or CRC despite some of them being relatively old. Our findings suggest that the penetrance of RNF43-related disease is much lower than previously thought, and raise questions about the connection between RNF43 and disease. The results highlight the complexity of genetic counseling in RNF43 positive families– particularly in families without polyposis. Further research is needed to elucidate the role of RNF43 in the risk of SPS and CRC.
The genetic landscape of Lynch syndrome in the Israeli population
Authors: Shtaya Aasem Abu , Nathan Sofia Naftaly , Kedar Inbal , Friedman Eitan , Half Elizabeth , Lidzbarsky Gabi , Levi Gili Reznick , Laish Ido , Katz Lior , Bazak Lily , Peretz Lilach Peled , Salmon Lina Basel , Douiev Liza , Kalis Marina Lifshitc , Schechter Menachem , Barzily-Rokni Michal , Samra Nadra Nasser , Abu-Freha Naim , Hagari-Bechar Ofir , Segol Ori , Mattar Samar , Barhom Sarit Farage , Mordechai Shikma , Rafid Shiri Shkedi , Shalev Stavit A. , Peretz-Yablonski Tamar , Levi Zohar , Bruchim Revital , Vinkler Chana , Bernstein-Molho Rinat , Lieberman Sari , Goldberg Yael
Published: November 2024

Deciphering the spectrum and founder disease-causing variants (DCVs) in specific populations can shape and facilitate the diagnostic process of Lynch Syndrome (LS). The aim of this report was to comprehensively update on the genetic landscape of LS in the ethnically diverse Israeli-Jewish population. The cohort included 1080 carriers from 588 families; some from underrepresented, understudied Israeli ethnic groups recruited from 8 genetic institutes and high-risk clinics throughout the country. Variant classification was performed according to the American College of Medical Genetics criteria. A total of 157 DCVs were identified, 12 are reported here for the first time, and 9 reclassified. MSH2 DCVs were identified in 286 families (49%). Most DCVs (125/157, 80%) were noted in one or two families only. Sixteen DCVs, each detected in ≥ 5 families, and accounted for LS in 378/588 (64%) families. Constitutional mismatch repair deficiency (CMMRD) was diagnosed in 7 families. Twenty-five carriers (2.3%) had an additional DCV or risk alleles in another cancer susceptibility gene. In conclusion, MMR gene variant distribution in Israel is diverse. MSH2 is most commonly mutated due to founder DCVs. Though the 16 prevalent LS-associated DCVs were frequently detected in our cohort, none of them is frequently reported in the general population. These data should facilitate variant interpretation, spouse and cascade testing.
Assessing Whether Negative Parenting Cognitions Bias Parent Report of Preschoolers’ Externalizing Symptoms: A Regularized Moderated Non-Linear Factor Analysis Approach
Authors: Behrens Brigid , Edler Katherine , Valentino Kristin
Published: November 2024

Parent report is frequently used to assess children’s psychopathology, however, researchers have expressed concerns about the validity of parent reports. Some parental characteristics, attitudes, or beliefs may systematically bias a parent’s report of their child’s behaviors and functioning. Informed by social information processing models of parenting risk, parents with more difficulties reflecting on and interpreting their children’s behavior may be at risk for less accurate reports. The present study conducted two regularized moderated non-linear factor analyses with LONGSCAN data to examine how parents’ self-reported negative parenting cognitions were associated with structural parameters of parent-reported child aggression and attention problems. While differential item functioning (DIF) was present on the aggression and attention problems subscales as a function of negative parenting cognitions, the DIF was small in magnitude, inconsistent in directionality and did not significantly alter factor-level parameters. Negative parenting cognitions did demonstrate a small but significant negative impact on all latent externalizing factors (aggression and attention problems), such that caregivers with fewer negative parenting cognitions endorsed fewer items, and this was associated with a lower mean of each latent variable. Given that accounting for DIF did not contribute to meaningful differences in impact parameters or improve criterion validity, findings suggest that the aggression and attention subscales are functionally invariant to negative parenting cognitions, suggesting that externalizing symptoms can be reliability compared across parents of varying parenting cognitions.
Longitudinal Predictors of Adaptive Functioning in Emerging Adults with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Fossum Ingrid Nesdal , Øie Merete Glenne , Orm Stian , Andersen Per Normann , Skogli Erik Winther
Published: November 2024

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) display heterogeneity in adaptive functioning, underscoring the need to identify predictors to inform clinical and scientific interventions. We investigated the longitudinal associations between an autism diagnosis, co-occurring psychopathology symptoms, executive functions (EF) and subsequent adaptive functioning in individuals with and without ASD (IQ > 70). Sixty-six individuals (26 with ASD, 40 without ASD) were assessed at baseline (mean age = 11.8 years, SD = 2.1) and at 10-year follow-up (mean age 21.4, SD = 2.3). The diagnostic evaluation comprised a comprehensive assessment of autism symptoms and emotional and cognitive functioning. Co-occurring psychopathology symptoms were assessed with two measures: self-reported depressive symptoms with the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire and parent-reported total problems with the Child Behavior Checklist 6–18. Participants completed neuropsychological tests to evaluate EF. We investigated adaptive functioning by using the Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale (WFIRS) which is a self-report measure of impairment in the following domains: family, work, school, life skills, self-concept, social and risk-taking. Among the emerging adults previously diagnosed with ASD, 46% reported living independently, 75% had at least one friend, and 71% were employed or in education. Individuals with ASD reported significantly lower adaptive functioning compared to individuals without ASD (WFIRS Total, Hedges’ g = 0.92). Greater EF difficulties in childhood/adolescence predicted lower adaptive functioning in emerging adulthood, surpassing the influence of autism diagnosis and co-occurring symptoms. The findings highlight the influential role of EF, implying that interventions targeting EF difficulties could improve long-term outcomes for individuals with ASD.
The Simons Observatory: Design, Optimization, and Performance of Low-Frequency Detectors
Authors: Mangu Aashrita , Westbrook Benjamin , Beckman Shawn , Corbett Lance , Crowley Kevin T. , Dutcher Daniel , Johnson Bradley R. , Lee Adrian T. , Kabra Varun , Prasad Bhoomija , Staggs Suzanne T. , Suzuki Aritoki , Wang Yuhan , Zheng Kaiwen
Published: November 2024

The Simons Observatory (SO) is a cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiment located in the Atacama Desert in Chile that will make precise temperature and polarization measurements over six spectral bands ranging from 27 to 285 GHz. Three small aperture telescopes (SATs) and one large aperture telescope (LAT) will house

$$\sim$$

∼

60,000 detectors and cover angular scales between one arcminute and tens of degrees. We present the performance of the dichroic, low-frequency (LF) lenslet-coupled sinuous antenna transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometer arrays with bands centered at 27 and 39 GHz. The LF focal plane will primarily characterize Galactic synchrotron emission as a critical part of foreground subtraction from CMB data. We will discuss the design, optimization, and current testing status of these pixels.
Microbial-induced structural changes in non-stoichiometric magnetite via radioanalytical methods
Authors: Vyhnáleková Silvia , Miglierini Marcel B. , Cesnek Martin , Štefánik Milan , Matúš Peter
Published: November 2024

Structural alterations in non-stoichiometric magnetite induced by microorganisms are studied by nuclear methods. Magnetite samples were exposed to fungal strain known for its immobilization capabilities. Neutron activation analysis identified iron as the dominant element. The presence of maghemite in non-stoichiometric magnetite complicates the determination of iron sites by Mössbauer spectrometry. Mössbauer spectra recorded at 4.2 K display overlapping lines corresponding to tetrahedral and octahedral iron sites. Application of external magnetic field of 6 T improved the spectral resolution and revealed a presence of distinct sextets. Interaction with Aspergillus niger did not notably affect magnetite´s magnetic properties, indicating its stability.
Dynamic changes in the hippocampal memory index and biochemical indices in Sprague Dawley rats exposed to intrauterine kola nut
Authors: Atiba Foluso A. , Nkomozepi Pilani , Mbajiorgu Felix E. , Ihunwo Amadi O.
Published: November 2024

Kola nut is commonly consumed by pregnant women to suppress symptoms of morning sickness. This study investigated the effects of kola nut on the biochemical indices of the hippocampus and its dependent memory. Kola nut extract was fed to pregnant dams from the first day of their pregnancy until parturition. The following behavioral function tests were conducted: surface righting (SR); cliff avoidance (post-natal day [PND] 4, 5, 6 & 7); open field; novel object recognition and location; and radial-arm maze (PND 21 and 56). The levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), acetylcholine (ACh), and malondialdehyde (MDA) of the matched hippocampal tissues were also checked in the pups. The kola nut-treated pups showed significantly reduced behavioral indices compared to the pups in the control group: lower postural balance, higher risk avoidance memory, and lower frequency in pivoting and rearing compared to that in the control group. However, the frequency of urine and fecal bolus was significantly lower in the pups in the control group than that in the treated pups. The discrimination ratio of the control group pups in novel object recognition (NOR) and novel object location (NOL) was significantly higher than that in the treated pups, and the time taken by the treated pups to complete RAM was significantly higher. The levels of ACh and BDNF in the treated pups were increased compared to that in control pups. A positive correlation was found between MDA and SR (r = 0.7207; p = 0.0437), grooming (r = 0.7707; p = 0.0252), and fecal bolus (r = 0.7606; p = 0.0284), as well as with the BDNF level in those treated with grooming (r = 0.7570; p = 0.0297). However, negative correlations between ACh and rearing (r = -0.8261; p = 0.0115) and fecal bolus (r = -0.8066; p = 0.0156) and a positive correlation with NOL (r = 0.8358; p = 0.0098) were observed. Based on these observations, the study concluded that Kola nut affects both biochemical and hippocampal memory profiles.
The use of lined paper in child education: impact of line presence on handwriting quality
Authors: Guilbert Jessica , Fernandez Jonathan
Published: November 2024

Several surveys have shown that the type of paper used in classroom writing activities varies considerably between schoolteachers, school grades, and also countries. The present study aims to (1) evaluate if handwriting quality (both legibility and fluency) of school age children is better when they write on lined than on unlined paper and (2) explore whether fine motor and visuomotor skills of children could moderate the potential effects of lined paper. To this end, 34 third-grade students copied a text on blank and lined paper. All children were exposed to the two paper conditions (within-subject design). Handwriting legibility and fluency were evaluated using the Concise Assessment Scale for Children’s Handwriting. The students’ fine motor and hand–eye coordination skills were also assessed to determine whether these factors moderate the effect of line presence. The results revealed that handwriting legibility was better on lined paper than on unlined paper. However, fluency was not impacted by the presence of lines on the paper. Moderation analyses revealed that for third-grade students, lined paper similarly impacts handwriting performance regardless of their fine motor and visuomotor skills. The implications of these findings for guiding teachers in choosing a type of paper for classroom handwriting activities are discussed.