bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relative frequency and survival results of cancer seen at a county hospital
Authors: Lee Yeu‐Tsu N.
Published: February 2007

The relative frequency of cancer cases (percentage of total malignancies) admitted to Los Angeles County‐University of Southern California (LAC‐USC) Medical Center from 1942 to 1974 was studied (basal cell and epidermoid carcinoma of the skin were excluded). Among cancers of the digestive system, the relative frequency of cancer of the stomach has definitely declined from a high of 9.5% before 1946 to a low of 2% in 1972. Carcinoma of the colorectum has shown a downward trend in the last decade. Among cancers of the respiratory system, cancer of the lung continues its steady increase from a relative frequency of 7% before 1946 to a high of 20% in 1974. The percentages of malignant lesions of the female organs (breast, uterine body, ovaries) have stayed relatively constant. Cancers of the central nervous system and malignancy of unknown primary site showed an increasing trend over the last 15 years.

The 8 most common cancers according to their relative frequency at Los Angeles County Hospital in 1974 are: colon (10%), rectum (5%), breast (15%), lung (13%), prostate (7%), cervix uteri (6%), stomach (3%), and pancreas (3%). In general, survival results of patients in the California Tumor Registry are comparable with those reported in the national study, and survival rates of patients seen at the Los Angeles County Hospital are lower. But 5 year survival rates have improved by more than 3 percentage points for patients with all stages of cancer of the colon, breast, prostate, and cervix uteri diagnosed at the Los Angeles County Hospital in recent years.
Factors affecting survival following radical mastectomy
Authors: Freund H. , Grover N. B. , Durst A. L.
Published: February 2007

Data on 17 potentially useful factors from 152 women undergoing radical mastectomy for operable breast cancer were analyzed in order to determine the effect of each on survival and their relative importance. Only four, clinical stage, clinical and pathological lymph node involvement, and appearance of recurrence and metastases, proved to be of significant prognostic value. Axillary nodal involvement was the main single determinant of survival. Multiple regression analysis, based on factor analysis of the original input variables, was able to account for 34% of the variance in survival and is thus of only very limited use as a predictive instrument in the clinical management of prospective patients.
Common antigens found on fetal cells and viral transformed adult prostatic tissue
Authors: Javadpour N. , Hyatt C. L. , Barone J. J.
Published: February 2007

In vivo and in vitro immunologic cross reactivity between SV40 virus transformed prostatic tissue and fetal antigens of LVG/LAK strain hamsters has been studied. The hamsters immunized with fetal antigens demonstrated significant resistance to tumor growth. Complement‐dependent humoral cytotoxicity of target SV40 tumor cells in microtest plates was used to demonstrate the presence of significant antibody titer in fetal‐immunized hamsters. When the immune sera were absorbed with SV40 transformed prostatic tissue, cytotoxicity indices were markedly lower than with the unabsorbed immune sera. The transformed prostatic tissue was found to have an elevated tartrate inhibited acid phosphatase indicative of the presence of epithelial components in the transformed tissue. These experiments demonstrate in vivo and in vitro cross reactivity between fetal antigens and tumor associated antigens of transformed prostatic tissue. This study suggests a similarity between fetal antigens and antigens of a specific organ tissue (prostate) transformed by a DNA oncogenic virus.
Carcinoembryonic antigen follow‐up and selection of patients for second‐look operation in management of gastrointestinal carcinoma
Authors: Staab Hans J. , Anderer F. Alfred , Stumpf Edgar , Fischer Rainer
Published: February 2007

A long‐term post operative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) follow‐up study is carried out with patients having undergone primary resection of histologically proved adenocarcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract. Up to now, 122 patients who underwent curative resections, as judged from the situs and the results of histologic examinations, were followed up for tumor recurrence by computerized CEA surveillance diagrams and clinical diagnostic methods. In the cases of tumor recurrence the rise of the CEA level preceded a positive clinical diagnosis by a mean of 4 months. On the basis of the CEA time course, we selected 28 patients for second‐look surgery. In all cases proof of recurrence of the disease was obtained. A local recurrence correlating with a slow CEA rise was generally resectable, metastases correlating with a rapid CEA rise were only in some cases resectable, provided that second‐look surgery was carried out without delay.
Effect of operation on B and T lymphocyte counts
Authors: Lee Yeu‐Tsu N. , Marshall G. June , Jalaba Jerry
Published: February 2007

Preoperative and postoperative studies of peripheral B and T lymphocyte counts were accomplished in 21 patients. Diagnoses included 10 carcinoma of the breast, 3 sarcoma, and 8 benign diseases. On postoperative day one and two, an increase in B‐cell percentage was observed in the majority of patients tested. However, there was a decrease in total lymphocyte count and fast‐reacting T lymphocyte numbers on postoperative day one, especially in patients who had intraabdominal operations. All the lymphocyte counts returned to preoperative range within one week. Pertinent reports in the literature were reviewed and discussed.
Special problems in the evaluation of results in adjuvant trials of cancer treatment
Authors: Higgins George A.
Published: February 2007

Adjuvant trials in cancer treatment present special problems in statistical analysis. When the primary treatment modality results in a relatively high cure rate and additional methods of treatment are being inserted in an effort to raise the figures to even higher levels, therapeutic benefit can be obscured unless all features of the study are carefully considered. Biologic benefit may easily be masked by the sizable number of patients randomized to receive adjuvant treatment who have no residual tumor and therefore could not possibly benefit therefrom. For example, 50% of patients undergoing “curative” resection for colon cancer survive without evidence of disease beyond the five‐year postoperative period; thus at least half the patients randomized to receive adjuvant treatment (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy) will be disease‐free at the time of randomization and cannot benefit from adjuvant therapy. New methods of assessment of treatment must be developed; otherwise, substantial therapeutic effectiveness may go undetected.
Treatment of symptomatic metastatic cancer to the liver from primary colon and rectal cancer by the intraarterial administration of chemotherapy and radioactive isotopes
Authors: Ariel Irving M. , Padula Guido
Published: February 2007

Sixty‐five patients were referred for treatment with symptoms resulting from metastatic cancer to the liver from the GI tract. Two groups of patients were analyzed. The first group of 40 patients were subjected to a laparotomy and insertion of a catheter into the hepatic artery and a second group had the catheter inserted percutaneously and a bolus of cancer chemotherapeutic agents injected into the catheter. In both groups, chemotherapy in the form of 5‐fluorouracil was supplemented by internal irradiaton delivered from the intraarterial administration of Yttrium 90 microspheres. Forty percent of the patients who had an indwelling catheter performed at celiotomy manifested an objective response and in 60% a significant subjective improvement occurred. In the 25 patients whose catheter was inserted percutaneously, the response rate was roughly similar, in that 35% demonstrated an objective response and 65% demonstrated a subjective response.
Urinary etiocholanolone and prognosis in early carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Prescott R. J. , Miller W. R. , Hamilton T.
Published: February 2007

Etiocholanolone levels have been measured in both premastectomy and postoperative urines from 86 women with early breast cancer. Levels did not differ between patients subsequently surviving five years following mastectomy and those dying from recurrent disease within this period.
Splenic cysts
Authors: Doolas Alexander , Nolte Minerva , McDonald Owen G. , Economou Steven G.
Published: February 2007

Benign non‐parasitic cysts of the spleen are very uncommon, with a total of 651 cases having been described in the literature to date. Because of their uncommon nature, and the fact that their symtoms may be vague, a high index of suspicion is necessary if they are to be diagnosed. The therapy of choice is surgical excision by splenectomy and the accompanying cystectomy. The prognosis following such therapy is excellent.
Hemangiopericytoma of the uterus: Report of a case with a comprehensive review of the literature
Authors: Sooriyaarachchi Gamini S. , Ramirez Guillermo , Roley Everett L.
Published: February 2007

A case of locally recurrent and metastatic uterine hemangiopericytoma successfully treated with surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy is presented. The patient is alive without evidence of detectable tumor, 13 years after the initial diagnosis. Review of the literature revealed 64 reported cases of uterine hemangiopericytoma. The clinical features are not sufficiently characteristic to enable the diagnosis to be made preoperatively. However, with the help of histological and ultrastructural studies a definite diagnosis of hemangiopericy toma can be made. The primary treatment is radical surgery which usually involves total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy. The prognosis of uterine hemangiopericy toma is better than that of other sites. However, long follow‐up of these patients is necessary because of the tendency to local and distant recurrence many years after the initial treatment. The recurrent tumor should be treated aggressively with surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy as long‐term survival is not unusual.
Combination therapy with mitomycin C, 5‐fluorouracil, and cytosine arabinoside for nonresectable malignant tumor in man
Authors: Yamaguchi Takayuki , Nakamura Masanori
Published: February 2007

The effectiveness of MFC (mitomycin C, 5‐fluorouracil and cytosine arabinoside) therapy for non‐resectable cancers and cancers recurring after surgery was investigated in 60 patients with solid cancers aged 26 to 69 years. Treatment was effective in 28 patients (47%) including seven (12%) who showed a very good response. Side effects included anorexia, vomiting, melena, anemia, decreased leukocyte and platelet counts, and impaired renal function. In particular, hemorrhage of the digestive tract should be watched carefully during MFC therapy. MFC therapy is suitable for solid tumors of the breast and digestive organs, especially with metastases to the lymph nodes. Response to treatment is generally seen after 6–10 doses. If there is no response at this time, treatment should be changed. In cases where induction of remission is successful, maintenance therapy should be continued keeping the frequency of administration to a minimum. Remission is readily induced with MFC therapy, but because of the problems of hemorrhage of the digestive tract, and bone marrow suppression, its use for out patient treatment is not considered safe. Therefore, alternative treatment should be given for long term maintenance of remission. FAMT (5‐fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide‐endoxan, mitomycin C, chromomycin A3‐toyomycin) therapy is considered safe and suitable for maintenance therapy in outpatients. Three cases in which MFC therapy was very effective are described to illustrate the treatment program.
BCG immunotherapy: Effects of dose and route of administration on survival of mice bearing established tumors
Authors: Codish Stephen D. , Monaco Anthony P.
Published: February 2007

Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) was administered in various doses by four different routes to C3H/HeJ mice bearing well‐established syngeneic MC‐42 fibrosarcomas. Injections of BCG into established primary tumors decreased survival of tumor‐bearing mice as compared to saline‐injected controls. Of the three dosage groups, high‐dose (108 viable organisms) intralesional BCG was most detrimental. The injection of low‐dose BCG (104 organisms) into established tumors or subcutaneously at a distant site also shortened host survival times. Other subcutaneous injections and injections of BCG into the peritoneal or pleural cavities had no significant effect on survival, regardless of dosage. The dose‐dependent effects of BCG immunotherapy which may prolong or shorten survival are discussed.
Myxedema coma and inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion after deep neck irradiation: Clinical implications and report of a case
Authors: Formeister Joseph F. , Sako Kumao , Razack Mohamed S. , Aungst C. William
Published: February 2007

A case report is presented in which myxedema coma and inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion developed as a result of radiation therapy and surgery to the neck area in a patient with recurrent metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the floor of the mouth. Laboratory findings of low thyroxine level and the findings of persistent hyponatremia and hypoosmolality of serum in spite of persistent sodium loss in the urine were helpful in diagnosing the problem. Treatment included thyroid hormone replacement and fluid restriction resulting in complete reversal of her condition.

We believe that patients with head and neck cancer who have undergone a course of radiation to the neck, and particularly when thyroid function might have been altered by previous subtotal thyroidectomy as part of a curative resection, should be carefully followed with periodic thyroid function assays and serum electrolytes with particular attention to serum sodium values.
Primary malignant hemangioendothelioma of the liver: Survival following nonoperative treatment
Authors: Langley Jack R. , Rosato Francis E. , El‐Mahdi Anas
Published: February 2007

A case of primary hemangioendothelioma is presented. Following autodearterialization, the patient received 5‐fluorouracil orally and total hepatic radiation. To date, 30 months later, he remains alive and active with residual hepatic defect on liver scan, but no indication of progression of disease. Primary malignant hemangioendothelioma is discussed briefly in terms of etiology, pathology, diagnosis, and treatment, and a treatment plan is presented. This case also presented an unusual side effect of 5‐fluorouracil therapy ‐ mononeuritis multiplex ‐ and is presented out of interest.
The value of preoperative screening procedures in stage I and II malignant melanoma
Authors: Aranha Gerard V. , Simmons Richard L. , Gunnarsson Audolfur , Grace Theodor B. , McKhann Charles F.
Published: February 2007

Fifty patients with melanoma (30 with clinical Stage I disease and 20 with clinical Stage II disease) were analyzed retrospectively along with the screening test done prior to surgery. While the value of the chest X ray is unquestioned in preoperative screening, the same cannot be said of liver, brain, and bone scans. The bone marrow biopsy, however, done with a Janshidi needle was of value in detecting one patient with bone‐marrow metastases who on examination had clinical Stage II disease and precluded surgery in this same individual. Therefore, we feel that in the preoperative scanning of patients with Stage I or Stage II human malignant melanoma, and especially in the latter, the bone‐marrow biopsy should be done routinely in addition to a hematological profile, liver profile, and chest X ray.
Carcinoma of the bronchus with atypical presentation: Report of a case
Authors: Schachner Elbio R. , Schwarz Armin , Freund Uri , Atlan Henry , Durst Arie L.
Published: February 2007

A 64‐year‐old man presented with dysphagia due to obstruction of lower third of the esophagus. Esophagoscopy showed narrowing of the esophagus with normal mucosa. Chest X rays were normal, but on lung scan there was no perfusion of the left lung. That patient died of aspiration and on post mortem a carcinoma of the bronchus with abscess formation and perforation into the esophagus was found.
The effect of age and postsplenectomy interval on the susceptibility of the asplenic adult rat to pneumococcal challenge
Authors: Goldthorn Jane F. , Schwartz Allen D.
Published: February 2007

The response to intravenous challenge with pneumococcus was examined in asplenic and sham‐operated adult Sprague‐Dawley rats eighteen weeks following surgery. The LD50 was over 2,000‐fold greater in the sham‐operated animals than in the asplenic animals. These results suggest that the age of an asplenic host, the length of time following splenectomy, and the presence of a normal immune system other than the asplenic state do not in themselves confer immunity.
The relationship between slgM positive lymph‐node lymphocytes and breast cancer metastasis
Authors: Richters Arnis , Paller Mimi
Published: February 2007

The relative frequency of lymphocytes with surface immunoglobulins (sIgM, sIgG, sIgA) was studied in breast‐cancer patients' axillary lymph nodes by the immunofluorescence technique. The study encompassed a total of 105 patients, most of whom had infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC). The results have indicated a significantly higher ( p < 0.005) average percentage of sIgM positive lymphocytes in lymph nodes in the group of IDC patients with lymph‐node metastasis. Shortterm followup was available for a limited number of patients, but no conclusions were reached with respect to sIgM positive lymphocytes. It is suggested that evaluation of axillary lymph‐node and peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations for each cancer patient would provide new information which could aid in determining the extent of the disease process. Moreover, such information may be of assistance in decisions of therapeutic modalities, detection of occult metastasis, and prediction of prognosis.
Immunologic features of a carcinogen‐induced murine bladder cancer: In vivo and in vitro studies
Authors: Javadpour N. , Hyatt C. L. , Soares T.
Published: February 2007

Certain in vivo and in vitro immunologic features of carcinogen‐induced murine bladder cancer have been studied. The consistency of tumor induction, its natural history, and immunogenicity both in vivo and in vitro render this syngeneic murine bladder tumor a suitable model for immunologic studies. Pre‐immunization of strain C3H/Hen mice with mid‐gestational fetal cells did not protect the animals from tumor challenge. Sera of mice immunized with mid‐gestational fetal cells were not cytotoxic to cultured tumor cells in a microcytotoxicity assay indicative of dissimilarity between the tumor associated antigen and the syngeneic mid‐gestational fetal antigen.
Tumoricidal effects of mycobacterium ulcerans toxin on murine adenocarcinoma (C3HBA)
Authors: Heggers John P. , Robson Martin C. , Yetter Joseph F. , Kreig Richard E. , Jennings Paul B.
Published: February 2007

Fresh homogenized mammary gland adenocarcinoma (C3HBA) material was subcutaneously inoculated in the anterior right thigh of transplant host mice (C3H/HeJ). When tumors were palpable, the mice were separated into three groups. The test group received biweekly intratumoral injections of Mycobacterium ulcerans filtrate containing 40 mg of protein per ml. One control group received intratumoral injections of normal physiological saline, and the remaining group received no treatment at all. The survival rate of toxin‐treated animals was 13.5% at 15 weeks when compared with the control groups. Additionally, tumor metastasis was apparently abrogated in test animals when compared to the control animals. Marked necrosis of the tumors in the test animals was noted by histological examination. Controls showed slight to moderate degrees of tumor necrosis. In this model Mycobacterium ulcerans toxin appears to have therapeutic value as an antitumor agent.
Assessment of myelotoxic effects of chemotherapy from early leukopenic response: Application of a mathematical model for granulopoiesis
Authors: Blumenson Leslie E. , Bross Irwin D.
Published: February 2007

A recently developed model of the human granulopoietic system had been used to analyze the toxic effects of 5‐fluorouracil administered to cancer patients. From this analysis there appeared to be a relationship between the level of the early leukopenic depression and the rate at which the drug kills cells in the marrow. In particular, it may be possible to estimate this kill rate from the extent of the maximal depression in the white blood count during the second or third week after treatment begins. This estimate may be useful when planning modifications in treatment in order to prevent the onset of hematologic crises.
Squamous‐cell carcinoma of the pilonidal sinus: Report of a case and review of the literature
Authors: Lerner Harvey J. , Deitrick George
Published: February 2007

Squamous‐cell cancer developing in chronic pilonidal sinuses is extremely rare. Thousands of pilonidal cysts and sinuses are operated upon each year, and malignancy is almost never encountered. Only 26 cases of malignancy arising in pilonidal sinuses are reported in the world literature. We report and document a squamous‐cell cancer arising in a chronic pilonidal sinus and also review the world literature.
Electrocoagulation: Palliative surgery to control metastatic cutaneous malignancy
Authors: Reinhold Randolph B. , Lokich Jacob J.
Published: February 2007

The adaptation of the principles of electrocoagulation to controlling symptomatic cutaneous metastatic disease is discussed. The technique permits minimal anesthesia, excellent hemostasis, local control, satisfactory cosmesis with reduced hospitalization. Two illustrative cases are reported of metastatic malignant melanoma and metastatic leiomyosarcoma.
The effect of anticancer therapy on peripheral blood T and B lymphocyte counts and function
Authors: Hadfield T. L. , Marcus S. , Smart C. R.
Published: February 2007

Patients categorized according to tumor type were compared to a control nontumor population. Comparison of relative T cell values among the groups showed no significant differences; however, when absolute numbers of T cells/ mm3 were compared, all cancer patients, whether from treated or untreated groups, had significantly depressed T cell values. No significant differences were observed in the relative or absolute numbers of B cells. Comparison of the total lymphocyte response to PHA showed no significant differences among the various cancer groups; however, response in all cancer groups whether from treated or untreated patients, was depressed by comparison to the control group. Patients categorized according to the type of treatment received showed significant depression in the white blood cell count, lymphocyte count, relative and absolute T cell counts and the absolute B cell count in the postsurgery, postadjunctive therapy group. The pretherapy group also showed significant depression in the absolute number of T cells/mm3 when compared to the controls. Response to PHA correlated with the absolute T cell values.
Spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage from a ruptured hypernephroma
Authors: Trivedi R. , Levy M. , Ibrahim I. , Bonacarti A.
Published: February 2007

The clinical presentation and roentgenographic findings of renal cell carcinoma have been consistently variable. These patients can appear with flank pain mimicking ureteral colic, flank tumors, or symptomatic metastasis [1]. Systemic cardiac manifestations including cardiomegaly with congestive heart failure due to arteriovenous fistula formation have been reported [2]. Roentgenographic findings may show the tumor to be either vascular or avascular. It may present as a spontaneous perforation of the pelvic ureteral system which is demonstrated by intravenous pyelography [3]. In this article, we describe a case of hypernephroma in a cyst wall causing severe spontaneous hemorrhage in the retroperitoneal space resulting in a state of hypovolemic shock.
Extraosseous osteogenic sarcoma: Case report
Authors: Lopez R. , Karakousis C. P. , Rao U. , Berjian R. A. , Bakamjian V.
Published: February 2007

Extraosseous osteogenic sarcoma is a highly malignant tumor, and in order to improve the chances of survival of those who have it, aggressive surgical treatment, including major amputations, should be performed. Based on the results obtained in the treatment of its osseous counterpart, the use of adjuvant chemotherapy is strongly recommended. Evaluation should not be done because it is usually followed by local recurrence.
Arsenically associated cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma with hypercalcemia
Authors: Southwick Graeme J. , Schwartz Robert Allen
Published: February 2007

Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin complicated by hypercalcemia is very rare. This report is of a patient with long‐term exposure to medicinal oral arsenic who developed an extensive squamous cell carcinoma complicated by hypercalcemia.
Management of multiple lung metastases
Authors: Takita Hiroshi , Edgerton Francis , Merrin Claude , Douglass Harold D. , Karakousis Constantine
Published: February 2007

During the past seven years, 78 patients with multiple lung metastases underwent lung resection. Most of the patients with bilateral lung metastases had lung resection through a median sternotomy rather than by bilateral thoracotomies. “Local excision” of the lung lesions was the most frequently used technique in order to preserve as much lung tissue as possible. Sixty‐three of the 78 patients received adjuvant therapies following lung resection. Operative mortality was 3.8%. The over‐all median survival was 18.3 months. Analysis of the data showed shorter tumor doubling time to be an indicator of poor prognosis, whereas other factors such as disease‐free intervals and unilateral vs bilateral metastases did not affect the postoperative survival.
Immunotherapy of a murine sarcoma using specific antitumor immune RNA
Authors: Webster D. J. T. , Cornacoff J. B. , Vallera D. A. , Dalmasso J. P. , Dodd M. C. , Minton J. P.
Published: February 2007

The effect of IRNA therapy in a polyoma‐induced fibrosarcoma of C3H mice has been studied. Although a protocol that transferred in vitro cytotoxicity was used, no reduction in incidence of tumors, tumor size, or survival was demonstrated. In one experiment, enhancement of tumor growth occurred. It is concluded that cytotoxicity does not reflect in vivo changes and that therapeutic trials of IRNA are premature.
5‐FU versus combination therapy with tubercidin, streptozotocin, and 5‐Fu in the treatment of pancreatic carcinomas: COG protocol 7230
Authors: Awrich Alan , Fletcher William S. , Klotz Jerome H. , Minton John P. , Hill George J. , Aust J. Bradley , Grage Theodor B. , Multhauf Phyllis M.
Published: February 2007

From May 1972 until May 1976, 105 patients were entered on Central Oncology Group protocol 7230 to compare the combination of streptozotocin, tubercidin, and 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) versus 5‐FU alone in the treatment of adenocarcinoma and islet cell carcinoma of the pancreas. Twenty‐nine were not evaluable. Thirty‐six evaluable cases received 5‐FU, and 40 received the combination, with no significant difference in time to progression or survival. Toxicity in the two regimens was somewhat different but was essentially similar in magnitude. Results indicate no benefit in the treatment of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas with the three‐drug combination over 5‐FU alone. All of the islet cell tumor patients benefited from the combination by response or arrest of progression of disease. Further study should be directed toward the use of this combination in the treatment of functioning and non‐functioning islet cell tumors of the pancreas.
Effect of immunochemotherapy on lymphocyte response of patients with gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Mashiba Harukazu , Yoshinaga Hirokuni , Matsunaga Keiko , Gojobori Mariko , Furusawa Motonosuke
Published: February 2007

Patients with gastrointestinal cancer were treated with 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in combination with a streptococcal preparation, OK‐432, or without OK‐432 before operation, and lymphocyte response to PHA was examined. Oral administration of 5‐FU with or without intramuscular injection of OK‐432 did not affect the response. However, treatment with cytostatic drugs in combination with OK‐432 markedly augmented the lymphocyte response to PHA, but the cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes was not elevated.
Epidemiologic aspects of american kaposi's sarcoma
Authors: Laor Yona , Schwartz Robert Allen
Published: February 2007

In our series of 37 patients with Kaposi's sarcoma, a larger than expected incidence of Americans of Italian and Jewish lineage was found, with 51% of Italian and 38% of Jewish background. Although a predominance of these two groups has been clearly shown previously, this may be the highest percentage of any series. In addition, 12, or 32%, of the patients were found to have concurrent diabetes mellitus. This association has been observed previously, but is not generally appreciated.
Further studies on the prognostic importance of barr body frequency in human breast cancer: With discussion on its probable mechanism
Authors: Borah Vidya , Shah P. N. , Ghosh S. N. , Sampat M. B. , Jussawalla D. J.
Published: February 2007

Based on the Barr body frequency, a total of 285 unselected breast cancer tissues were categorised as negative and positive tumours; incidence of these two groups in our series was 2:1, respectively. When 2‐years' disease‐free interval and 10‐years' survival were considered, it was seen that patients harbouring negative tumours had significantly early recurrence and shorter duration of survival as compared to those having positive tumours. As vascular spread is the prerequisite of early recurrence, the shorter survival in the patients having negative tumours could be explained on the basis of blood vessel invasion, in that 73% of the negative tumours had blood vessel invasion, in contrast to only 24% in the positive tumours.
Presence of a carcinoma‐associated antigen(s) in the spent chemically defined medium of a human colon carcinoma cell line
Authors: Chee Darwin O. , Gupta Rishab K. , Morton Donald L.
Published: February 2007

The human colon carcinoma cell line HT‐29 was adapted to grow in chemically defined medium (CDM). The spent CDM (S‐CDM) was concentrated by Amicon filtration and the crude HT‐29 S‐CDM purified by 40% saturated(NH4)2 SO4 precipitation. The purified antigen was tested by a micro‐complement fixation (MCF) assay against the sera of cancer patients of various histologic types and against the sera of normal donors. Fifteen of 20 (75%) colon cancer, 16/20 (80%) breast cancer sera, 14/19 (74%) lung cancer sera, and 13/20 (65%) miscellaneous carcinoma sera were positive in the MCF. By contrast, 2/21 (10%) melanoma sera, 7/20 (35%) sarcoma sera, and 2/19 (11 %) normal sera were positive. These data suggest the presence of a carcinoma‐associated antigen in the spent CDM of the HT‐29 colon carcinoma cell line adapted to grow in CDM.
Rehabilitation of patients after repeated operations for cancer of colon and rectum
Authors: Simonov Nicholas N. , Mosidze Badur A.
Published: February 2007

The authors investigated social and occupational rehabilitation of patients treated at N.N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology for cancer recurrences in colon and rectum (96 cases), for metachronic neoplasms (40 cases), and also for patients accepted for coloplasty after Hartmann operation (11 cases). The term of hospitalization in cancer recurrences was 15.9 ± 2.5 months; in metachronic tumors, 77.1 ± 9.9 months; and for the patients accepted for coloplasty, from 6 to 12 months. The period of patients' survival after radical operations in cases of metachronic tumors is twice as long as in recurrences and approaches, on the average, five years. The patients operated upon for their metachronic tumors are characterized by a high degree of social and occupational readaptation (about 80%) in comparison with patients with tumor recurrences (30%). All the patients who had undergone coloplasty were subsequently completely readapted from a social point of view, which was due to the elimination of a fecal fistula.
A method for temporary reconstitution of the cervical esophagus
Authors: Cochran John H. , Shinn John B.
Published: February 2007

A simple method of temporary reconstitution of the cervical esophagus in major head and neck surgery is detailed in a case report. Accompanying diagrams illustrate the mechanics of inserting a number 26 nasopharyngeal airway from the hypopharynx to the esophagus. This arrangement simplifies the management of oral secretions until permanent reconstruction of the cervical esophagus can be accomplished.
An investigation of the cause of death from cancer
Authors: Houten Lorne , Reilley Andrew A.
Published: February 2007

Four thousand seven hundred twenty‐eight autopsies performed at the Roswell Park Memorial Institute were reviewed to determine causes of death from cancer. The duration of the disease from the date of diagnosis to death, the primary site of the tumor, a detailed description of the presence or absence of metastatic tumor at a series of sites, and an estimate of the total tumor mass were included in the evaluation. Twenty‐three common primary sites were selected for investigation. These sites represented 99% of the total series. Nine causes of death were described. These were respiratory failure, infection, toxic drug reaction, hepatic failure, renal failure, shock or heart failure, adrenal gland failure, electrolyte imbalance, and central nervous system failure. Some of these associations were obviously due to the direct destruction of the organ in question. There are some differences, however, comparing lung lesions to hepatic lesions. These and other factors are recited in the text.
“High‐affinity” t‐cell rosettes: The effects of clinical manipulations and potential prognostic significance
Authors: Weese James L. , West William H. , Herberman Ronald B. , Payne Susan M. , Siwarski Joyce W. , Turcotte Jeremiah G.
Published: February 2007

Incubation of blood mononuclear cells with sheep erythrocytes at 29°C identifies “high‐affinity” rosette‐forming T‐cells (RFC). The proportion of highaffinity RFC was more frequently depressed in patients with cancer than the total number of RFC identified under optimal rosetting conditions. Our purpose was to determine the effect of chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy on the level of RFC and to determine whether trends in serial values had prognostic significance.

Two hundred thirty‐seven of 270 normal individuals tested had 29°C RFC levels greater than or equal to 47%, while 21 of 41 untreated cancer patients had higher levels. Cancer patients with depressed 29°C RFC usually normalized within four weeks of operation. Serial studies of 29°C RFC were performed on 32 stage I and II lung cancer patients. Eight patients have developed recurrent tumor. We noted a pattern of falling rosette values (two or more consecutive values within normal limits followed by two consecutive depressed values) in five of these patients an average of five months before clinical relapse. Fifteen patients who have remained disease free either maintained normal levels of rosettes or increased into the normal range. Four of 13 (31%) stage I and four of nine (44%) stage II breast cancer patients had depressed rosette levels preoperatively. In seven stage II patients with no further therapy after mastectomy, only two of 27 serial tests showed low RFC. Twenty‐six stage II patients receiving L‐phenylalanine mustard (L‐PAM) therapy after mastectomy were depressed in 18 of 90 (20%) serial tests. Twenty‐one patients receiving cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5‐fluorouracil (CMF) after mastectomy were depressed in 25 of 73 (34%) serial tests. In contrast, seven patients treated with CMF and additionally with Corynebacterium parvum after mastectomy were depressed in eight of 27, or 29%, of serial tests. The 29°C E‐rosette assay gives reproducible counts of a T‐cell subset. Serial monitoring of patients with “high‐affinity” rosette‐forming cells may predict relapse earlier than clinical evaluation. This T‐cell population, depressed by chemotherapy, may be restored by immunopotentiators.
Serial CEA levels in colorectal carcinoma on adjuvant immuno(chemo)therapy—further follow‐up. Modulation of adjuvant treatment
Authors: Sopranzi N. , Ponzini D. , Di Paola M. , Inserra A. , Colizza S.
Published: February 2007

Serial plasma CEA levels have been studied preoperativelyd (testing A); one day after surgery (B); 10–15 days after surgery (C); 4 (D), 8(E), 12 (F), 16–18 (G), and 22–24 (H) months after surgery in a series of 45 patients affected by colorectal carcinoma who started soon after surgery a protocol of adjuvant immuno(chemo)therapy with Levamisole and BCG. Postoperative follow‐up was from one to 26 months, with 28 patients followed for at least one year. Fourteen patients had recurrences: two of these had false‐negative CEA tests, three had persistent high CEA levels after surgery, nine had increasing levels 9 12 months before clinical recurrence; and nine of these 14 patients showed frankly pathologic preoperative plasma CEA levels. Six patients who did not have a recurrence but (both at clinical and instrumental evaluation) who had two consecutive high plasma CEA levels, were put on prophylactic polichemotherapy. The prognostic importance of CEA levels both pre‐and postoperatively, the possibility of “modulating” postoperative adjuvant treatments on the basis of CEA levels, and the problem of unexplained fluctuations of plasma CEA levels with the putative metabolic linkages are discussed.
Tumor antigens as related to pancreatic cancer
Authors: Chu T. Ming , Holyoke E. Douglas , Douglass Harold O.
Published: February 2007

Data are presented suggesting the presence of pancreas tumor‐associated antigens. Slow progress has been made during the past few years in the identification of pancreatic tumor antigens that may be of clinical usefulness and it seems unlikely that many of the practical problems now being faced in identification and isolation of these antigens and in development of a specific, sensitive assay will be solved by conventional immunochemical approaches. The study of antigen and/or antibody purified from immune complexes in the host and the application of leukocyte adherence inhibition techniques to immunodiagnosis of pancreatic cancer are among the new approaches that may provide effective alternatives in the study of pancreatic tumor antigens.
Lymph node dissection in malignant melanoma
Authors: Karakousis C. P. , Stahl L. , Moore R. , Holyoke E. D.
Published: February 2007

Regional node dissection was performed in 120 patients with malignant melanoma. Patients with clinically negative nodes had a 90% survival, where‐as patients with enlarged nodes had a 15% survival. In 45 inguinal dissections, usually associated with a high morbidity, there was only a 4.5% incidence of infection and a 6.5% incidence of skin edge necrosis. For all types of node dissection, the overall incidence of wound infection was 5.8%, and that of necrosis of skin edges was 5%.
Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy for cancer of the liver
Authors: Bland Kirby I. , Knutson Carl O. , Max Martin H.
Published: February 2007

Hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) provides objective palliation for unresectable primary and secondary liver neoplasms. By utilizing HAIC rather than systemic chemotherapy, a greater concentration of the chemotherapeutic agent(s) within the liver is achieved with a comparative decrease in toxic side effects. A review of pertinent literature disclosed response rates of 50–71% associated with the administration of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) and 5‐fluoro‐2‐deoxyuridine (5‐FUDR) via the hepatic artery, whereas response rates of 0–25% have been tabulated for systemic chemotherapy.
The effects of endotoxin on CFU‐C clonogenic capacity of marrow and spleen cells from RLV‐A infected mice
Authors: Koltun L. A. , Lobue J. , Gordon A. S. , Fredrickson T. N.
Published: February 2007

Bacterial endotoxin was used as a granulopoietic stressor in the RLV ‐A infected mouse as a means of studying the marrow and spleen CFU‐C response to this agent. A control group of phenylhydrazine (PHZ)‐treated mice was also employed to induce a reduction in hematocrit levels equivalent to that observed in the early and mid‐stage of the disease course and was used to determine whether the cloning observed was a manifestation of RLV ‐A disease or could be attributed solely to the resulting anemia. Both RLV ‐A infected and PHZ marrow from mice maintained at a hematocrit of 40% exhibited similar but higher than normal clonogenic capacities, whereas RLV‐A (hematocrit 40%) spleen had an expanded number of CFU‐C's when compared to PHZ treated (hematocrit 40%) mice. Examination of spleens of endotoxin‐treated RLV‐A (hematocrit 30%) infected mice indicated a 6 to 7‐fold increase in splenic CFU‐C numbers compared to endotoxin‐treated normal mice. PHZ plus endotoxin‐treated normal animals (hematocrit 30%) had splenic CFU‐C values which were approximately half those of RLV‐A infected (hematocrit 30%) endotoxin‐treated animals. Results of this experiment suggest a fully operable but greater than normal CFU‐C storage pool in the RLV‐A infected mouse spleen which does not seem to be due entirely to the anemia.
Coagulation problems in patients with cancer
Authors: Mitchell William H. , Parson B. J. , Althaus J.
Published: February 2007

The cases of 43 cancer patients and nine patients without cancer were reviewed to assess the coagulation mechanism in patients with cancer. Of the 43 patients with cancer, at least one factor known to be associated with coagulation disturbances was present in 26. Hematologic or coagulation studies disclosed one or more abnormalities in 34 of the patients. A subgroup of 17 patients had no clinical or laboratory evidence of ongoing variables that should interfere with coagulation or hemostasis. Of these, 11, or 65%, had one or more abnormal results from coagulation studies. Of the nine members of the control group (patients without cancer), no patient had a positive history for a clinical coagulation disorder except for one incidence of thrombophlebitis in the year preceding the study. During the study, at least one coagulation abnormality was disclosed by hematologic testing. The results support the concept that coagulation problems in cancer patients are attributable to debilitation, multiple organ involvement, and coagulation‐interfering variables rather than to a primary effect of the malignant tumor.
Uptake of 5‐fluorouracil during isolated perfusion of the canine liver
Authors: Stone Richard T. , Jabour Adel , Wilson Samuel E. , Rangel Decio M.
Published: February 2007

This study describes a technique of hepatic isolated perfusion in dogs. The uptake of 14 C‐Iabeled 5 fluorouracil (5‐FU) by the normal canine liver was fourfold greater when isolated perfusion was used than when peripheral intravenous administration or hepatic artery infusion were applied. Systemic leakage of 5‐FU was small during, and even following, hepatic isolated perfusion. This technique, which maximizes chemotherapy delivery to the liver while minimizing systemic toxicity, may be useful in the treatment of primary and metastatic hepatic malignancies.
Nonfunctional preaortic paraganglioma: Report of one case
Authors: Crisci E. , Montagnini R. , Bracci F. , Conte F. , Bigotti A. , Colizza S.
Published: February 2007

A case of nonfunctional benign preaortic paraganglioma is reported. The patient, a woman aged 50, complained of vague mesogastric pain irradiated posteriorly, occasional nausea and vomiting, related to a tender pulsatile mesogastric mass fixed to the posterior wall of the abdomen. Preoperative diagnostic examinations showed a severe anemia, a severe mechanical impairment of renal function as shown at IVP, a doubt of aortic aneurism at echography, not confirmed by selective arteriography. The mass was removed radically. The diagnosis of nature was only microscopic. Since from 15 days after surgery IVP improved significantly. At three months follow‐up the patient is well with no sign of recurrence.
Pancreatic polypeptide cell hyperplasia with and without watery diarrhea syndrome
Authors: Tomita T. , Kimmel J. R. , Friesen S. R. , Mantz F. A.
Published: February 2007

Two cases of pancreatic polypeptide cell hyperplasia were obtained by operation. The first case exhibited adenocarcinoma of the stomach with metastases to the neck lymph nodes and pancreatic polypeptide hypersecretion. Pancreatic polypeptide cell hyperplasia was confirmed by the immunoperoxidase method and by the elevated level of pancreatic polypeptide in the pancreatic extracts and in the circulating blood. There was no watery diarrhea syndrome. The second case presented with persistent watery diarrhea of two and one‐half year duration, and the resected pancreas contained extremely large atypical islets, exclusively composed of pancreatic polypeptide cells. It is speculated that in some cases pancreatic polypeptide oversecretion may be causative for pseudo‐Verner‐Morrison syndrome in the absence of ulcer or carcinoma in the upper gastrointestinal tract.
Primary carcinoma of the gallbladder: A review of 328 cases
Authors: Gupta S. , Udupa K. N. , Gupta Saroj
Published: February 2007

A ten‐year retrospective study of 328 histologically proven cases of primary carcinoma of the gallbladder between 1967 and 1976, with a two‐year minimum follow‐up was undertaken. The overall incidence was 2.9% of all cancer cases and 31.8% of all malignant tumours of the gastrointestinal tract. Male to female ratio was 1:2.64. The disease occurred on the average at a younger age in females (43 years) than in males (50 years). Pain and lump in the right upper abdomen were the commonest clinical features. Laboratory and radiological investigations most often confirmed the diagnosis of advanced disease. The majority (80.8%) were adenocarcinomas. In all the 42 cholecystectomized patients association of gallstones was noted, but as in the majority of cases laparotomy biopsy alone was done, no mention of gallstones was recorded. Five‐year survival rate of only 1.8% suggests extensive use of prophylactic cholecystectomy.
The relation between testicular tumours, undescended testes, and inguinal hernias
Authors: Wobbes Th. , Koops H. Schraffordt , Oldhoff J.
Published: February 2007

A group of 230 patients with a malignant testicular tumour was found to include 12 patients with a history of an undescended testis (5.2%). Eight patients had a history of inguinal hernia (3.4%). The risk of malignant degeneration in an undescended testis proved to be 17 times greater than in the normal population. We found no increased risk for patients with a history of inguinal hernia. Nine patients with a history of orchiopexy developed a malignant testicular tumour; inguinal lymph node metastases were found in three of them. We advise the removal of all undescended testicles after puberty. In cases of malignant degeneration of a testis, which have been fixed in the scrotum, or in cases with a history of an operation in the inguinal region, the inguinal lymph nodes have to be treated. For seminoma, irradiation of these nodes is necessary; for non‐seminoma tumours, hemiscrotectomy and inguinal lymph node dissection have to be performed.
Lymph node biopsy for diagnosis: A statistical study
Authors: Lee YEU‐TSU N.(Margaret) , Terry Roger , Lukes Robert J.
Published: February 2007

This is retrospective and all inclusive study of 925 patients who had isolated lymph node biopsies for diagnosis from 1973 to 1977. Overall, 60% of the nodes had benign lesions, 28% carcinoma, and 12% lymphoma. The comparable figures for abdominal nodal biopsies were 63%, 33% and 4%; for intrathoracic nodes, 73%, 26% and 1%; for peripheral nodes, 56%, 29% and 15%. Detailed distribution according to specific site of nodal biopsy, histological subtypes, age, and sex of patients are presented. Statistically, age is the most important factor useful in estimating the probability of whether the lymphadenopathy is due to a benign or malignant process.