bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peculiarities of yield formation of potato depending on the climate conditions of the western forest steppe of Ukraine
Authors: Shuvar Ivan , Korpita Hanna , Balkovskyi Volodymyr , Shuvar Antin
Published: May 2021

The study of the problem of the influence of climatic factors on the conditions of formation of productivity of agrocenoses has important ecological and national economic value as the estimation of dynamics of productivity of the main crops of Ukraine according to change of meteorological factors is especially actual in the conditions of global climate changes.The correlation dependence of the formation of the yield of potato tubers on the climatic factors of the western forest-steppe of Ukraine has been analyzed. Te features of the formation of potato yields depending on the amount of active temperatures, the amount of precipitation during the growing season of the crop and the reserves of productive moisture in the arable (0-30 cm) soil layer in the budding phase and during the harvesting of the crop have been established.
Improvement of cultivation technology of winter durum wheat in the conditions of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic
Authors: Kishev A.Yu. , Berbekov K.Z. , Shibzukhova Z.S. , Shibzukhov Z.-G.S. , Mamsirov N.I.
Published: May 2021

Plants' nutritional elements have great opportunities to increase the yield of cereals, which contribute to the activation of initial growth and accelerate plants' development, stimulate the plumpness and grain formation, increase grain resistance to adverse soil and climatic conditions, increase productivity and biochemical qualitative indicators. In modern conditions, designing a technological system for regulating the growth and development of winter durum wheat by complex mineral fertilizers' application in steppe conditions of CBR is very relevant. The positive influence of nutritional elements on the development and root system of cereals has been revealed. Seeds of modern durum wheat varieties have high nutritional and taste qualities. The main direction of increasing winter durum wheat production is the introduction of new high-yielding varieties into production and their cultivation according to intensive technology with reasonable doses and norms of nutrients.
Marker-assisted screening of promising forms in the strawberry breeding
Authors: Lyzhin Alexander , Luk’yanchuk Irina
Published: May 2021

The results of the use diagnostic DNA-markers in the breeding of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) were shown. The carriers of target alleles of red stele root rot resistance (F. virginiana Duch. ssp. platypetala, Bylinnaya, 69-29 (Feyerverk × Bylinnaya), 72-24 and 72-71 (Privlekatelnaya × Bylinnaya)), anthracnose resistance (Borovitskaya, Sudarushka, Elianny, Troubadour, 933-4 (F. virginiana Duch. ssp. platypetala × Rubinovyy kulon)), high mesifurane content in fruits (F. orientalis Los., F. moschata Duch., F. virginiana Duch. ssp platypetala, Lastochka, Torpeda, Flora, Samson, 932-29 (F. virginiana Duch. ssp. platypetala × Feyerverk), 56-5 (Gigantella × Privlekatelnaya)) and γ-decalactone content in fruits (F. orientalis Los., F. moschata Duch., F. ovalis Rydb., Bylinnaya, Kupchikha, Sonata, Vima Tarda) were identified. These genotypes are valuable initial forms for involvement in the breeding process to improve the strawberry assortment.
Biocidal and resistance-inducing effects of chitosan on phytopathogens
Authors: Tarakanov Rashit , Shagdarova Balzhima , Varlamov Valery , Dzhalilov Fevzi
Published: May 2021

In connection with the of the law adoption on organic products in the Russian Federation, as well as the appearance of fungicide-resistant forms of phytopathogens, the search for new preparations of biological origin for plant protection from disease remains relevant. Chitosan is a promising substance obtained from shells of crustaceans, zygomycete fungi: on the one hand, it prevents the pathogen's penetration into the plant inducing a horizontal resistance, and on the other, it has a bactericidal effect against some bacteria and fungi. This article shows the biocidal effect of chitosan hydrolysate with a molecular weight of the main fraction of 33.7 kDa in relation to 5 phytopathogenic bacteria. The minimum bactericidal concentration ranged from 0.25 to 0.5%. It was noted that the substance acts more actively against Gram-negative bacteria than in relation to Gram-positive. Biological substance efficacy on artificial infectious background of cucumber downy mildew during preventive treatment amounted to the average of 55.4% compared to control with no treatment.
Change in the soils’ fertility level of tea agrocenoses in the transition to cultivation without mineral fertilizers in the humid-subtropical zone of Russia
Authors: Kozlova N.V. , Malyukova L.S.
Published: May 2021

Research was carried out on the basis of preserved field multifactor experiment on tea crop (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) in the conditions of the Sochi Black Sea coast. The application of NPK fertilizers in different doses and combinations according to the experimental scheme was carried out annually from 1986 to 2011. Since 2012, the use of fertilizers has been completely discontinued. The fertility indicators of long-fertilized brown forest acidic soils (in layers 0-20/20-40 cm) were compared with those after 7-8 years of fertilizer withdrawal. During the period of fertilizers’ application, the level of soils’ nitrogen supply significantly exceeded the control (by 30-75/30-56 mg/kg depending on the doses of nitrogen fertilizers). After the fertilizers’ discontinuity, nitrogen supply level equalization occurred in all experimental options. The content of labile phosphorus in soils previously fertilized with high phosphorus doses (120 kg P2O5 ha-1 year-1 and more), during the period of experiment’s conservation decreased by 450-500/350-450 mg/kg, but exceeded the control in 2-2.5 times; in soils previously fertilized by low doses, the indicators have not changed significantly. In soils highly supplied with labile potassium, the content of the element decreased by 70-140 mg/kg. The yield of tea in 2019-2020 was equally low (12-26 cwt/ha) on all options, 2.2-3 times lower than fertilized plantations. After the fertilizers’ withdrawal, there was a decrease in acidity (an average increase in pH by 0.18-0.24/0.12-0.20 units) of agrogenic-acidized soils and an increase in their oppressed respiratory activity (on average by 1.6 times). These changes reflect the tendency of soil self-restoration after the removal of the fertilizers’ load.
Calcium in the “soil-plant” system of apple orchard when using nitrogen and potash fertilizers
Authors: Leonicheva Elena , Stolyarov Maxim , Roeva Tatyana , Leonteva Larisa
Published: May 2021

The experiment was carried out to study the relationship between the soil calcium conditions and the content of this element in fruit and leaves of apple trees at ground fertilization with nitrogen and potassium. The experimental orchard is located in the forest-steppe zone of the Central Russian Upland (Oryol region). The soil of the orchard is Loamy haplic luvisol with a slightly acidic reaction and a high content of organic matter. Fruit plantations are represented by apple trees of ‘Sinap orlovsky’ variety on rootstock 54-118 planted in 2013. Ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride were used as soil fertilizers and applied early in spring at doses of N30K40, N60K80 and N90K120. Annually from 2016 to 2019, the content of exchangeable and water-soluble Ca compounds in the orchard soil and the total element content in leaves and fruits were determined. With the annual application of nitrogen and potash fertilizers the changes in the conditions of apple tree calcium nutrition occured already in the first years after treatments. The changes lay in increasing the calcium mobility and subsequent decrease in the element’s concentration in the root zone. At the same time, there was an annual decrease in the calcium status of fruits. The Ca content in fruits was positively correlated with the content in the soil of exchange (r = 0.43; P<0.05) and water-soluble (r = 0.51; P<0.01) forms of the element. There was no statistically significant relationship between the studied soil calcium forms and element content in apple leaves.
Spatial Variability of Small-leaved Linden (Tilia cordata Mill.) Leaf Blade
Authors: Baranov Sergey G. , Zykov Igor E. , Poloskova Elena Yu. , Lipponen Irina N. , Goncharova Oxana A. , Kuznetsova Darya D.
Published: May 2021

The features of asymmetry and shape of small-leaved linden leaf blades (Tilia cordata Mill.) on the Kola Peninsula (Murmansk region, Kirovsk) and in the middle part of Russia (Moscow region, Orekhovo-Zuevo) were studied. The size of leaf blades in the northern population (Murmansk oblast) was significantly smaller (p <0.0001). Five linear traits had non-directional fluctuating asymmetry (FA). The method of geometric morphometrics showed a higher variability of leaf shape in the northern population compared to the southern one. Leaves differed in shape upon re-collection, and the leaf × side factor interaction showed the presence of FA in both populations (Goodall’s F criterion in the northern population was 31.7; in the southern – 92.3; p <0.0001). A high value of directional asymmetry was noted in the population on the Kola Peninsula (p <0.0001). The asymmetry of the shape did not depend on size of the leaf blades. According to linear features, plastic variability, especially in the northern population, strongly correlated with fluctuation variability (r = 0.81-0.82; p <0.05). The obtained data allows us to conclude that method of geometric morphometrics was more complex in determining the stability of development. FA was higher in the southern population, while directional asymmetry with a weak expropriation of FA was higher in the northern population. High latitude did not affect the decrease in developmental stability in terms of FA, but led to a decrease in the area of leaf blades with directional asymmetry.
Monitoring of the biological diversity of vegetation in the vicinity of Lake Kravtsovo
Authors: Seliverstova E.N. , Volkova V.V.
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this work was to conduct plant monitoring in the vicinity of Lake Kravtsovo within the framework of preserving animal and plant world biodiversity. Lake-swamp Kravtsovo - a unique object of the Stavropol upland, here you can study the diversity of almost half of the entire flora and fauna of Stavropol Territory. 139 species of vascular plants were registered in the studied territory, among which 11 are subject to protection – Paeonia tenuifolia L., Cladium mariscus (L.) Ponl, Iris notha M. Bieb., I. halophila Pall., Adonis vernalis L., Calamagrostis canescens (Weber) Roth, Utricularia vulgaris L., Carex panicea L., C. ericetorum Pollich, Lythrum thesioides Bieb, Thelypteris palustris Schott. In the structure of the coenosis, the most part is occupied by forbs – 67 %, then cereals – 27 %, legumes in a smaller amount – 6 %. The composition and structure of the community are changed in some way by grazing of farm animals, land plowing and afforestation (a characteristic increase in the proportion of shrubs and trees). The initial stage of pasture degression and the associated increase in the role of associated grazing species (poisonous, prickly, poorly eaten and weedy) are observed. The horizontal structure of the vegetation cover is also heterogeneous.
Responsiveness of spring barley cultivars to top-dressing in the conditions of the Volga-Vyatka region
Authors: Noskova E.N. , Shchennikova I.N. , Svetlakova E.V.
Published: May 2021

Fertilizers are a means of influencing both the value of the yield and its quality. The quality of the yield will vary depending on the types of fertilizer, the timing and methods of their application, and the balance of ratios for the main nutrition elements. Under the conditions of field experiments on sod-podzolic soil, the influence of various types of top-dressing on the yield and quality traits of barley grains of the cv. Novichok, Rodnik Prikamya and Pamyati Rodinoj was studied. High efficiency of application of all top-dressings on grain yield capacity of barley cv. Novichok has been established. The use of liquid mineral fertilizer KAS in the tillering stage contributed to an increase in the yield of barley cv. Rodnik Prikamya and Pamyati Rodinoj by 0.34 and 0.31 t/ha. The barley cv. Pamyati Rodinoj also responded positively to the input of the preparation Alfastim in the heading stage; the grain yield increase was 0.82 t/ha. The high efficiency of top-dressings on the physical properties of grains has been established in barley cv. Novichok and Pamyati Rodinoj. The protein content in the cv. Pamyati Rodinoj was increased during treatment of sowings with prepara-tion Amino Start in the tillering stage by 15.0–16.5 g/kg. In the cv. Novichok, when inputting the growth stimulant Alfastim at heading stage, an increase in protein content by 4.0–4.8 g/kg was noted. In terms of fiber content, the obtained grains of all cultivars meet the requirements of the first class grain.
Exterior features and meat productivity of Aubrac breed cattle during acclimatization in the conditions of Northern Trans-Urals
Authors: Sheveleva O.M. , Bakharev A.A. , Lysenko L.A. , Chasovshchikova M.A.
Published: May 2021

The article presents materials on the study of the cows’ exterior and meat productivity of Aubrac gobies in the acclimatization period of the third and sixth generation animals in the conditions of Northern Trans-Urals. It was established that as a result of 18 years of Aubrac breeding, animals were formed in the enlarged type of physique in the conditions of the Northern Trans-Urals. Cows of the sixth generation had larger measurements in shoulder height by 9.7cm, in rump - by 5.2 cm, slantwise body length - by 12.8 cm, as well as chest depth - by 5.5cm, chest width by 9.2 cm and chest girth by 10.1 cm. The highest live weight in growing gobies between 9 and 18 months was in sixth-generation animals. The indicators that characterize animals’ meat productivity increased. The slaughter weight of the sixth-generation gobies was 330 kg. It was found that by the size of the carcasses’ edible part, animals of the sixth generation were superior to the peers of previous generations. The amount of muscle tissue in the sixth-generation gobies was the highest and amounted to 243.2 kg, muscle tissue output - 77.5%.
Use of local raw materials in the composition of protein-vitamin-mineral additives
Authors: Yarmots G.A.
Published: May 2021

As a result of hard breeding work, people managed to achieve extremely high productivity from pigs, which entailed increased requirements for the feed quality, keeping conditions and microclimate. Pigs receive the main amount of energy from cereal grains, some energy comes from protein splitting and to a lesser extent - due to fat feed. The difference in the amount of exchange energy can reach up to 5 MJ. The lower the amount of energy in the diet, the more the animal needs to consume feed, so PVMA should be added to cereal mixtures to balance the diets by nutrients. Over the past decades, full combined fodder has become the most reliable food source for pigs. Being based on former feed mills, local enterprises are purchasing new equipment and mastering new technologies of modern combined fodder and protein-vitamin-mineral additives production for different types and age-sex groups of farm animals.
Vermiculture as a source of animal protein
Authors: Antonova Elena , Titov Igor , Pashkova Irina , Stom Devard
Published: May 2021

The paper presents a data analysis of the international scientific community on the issues of vermicultivation for the last 75 years. The authors considered terminology, the biochemical contents of earthworms’ tissues, production technology; distinguished 4 stages, 8 methods and biological aspects of their safety. The paper covers economic production characteristics. The results on the practical use of dry and paste vermiproducts have been summarized: feed additives in fishing (6 examples), poultry farming (8 examples), mammal breeding (3 examples), growth media for microorganisms (1 example). The benefits of vermiproducts as food supplements for humans have been explored. Vermi food contains a high amount of protein (64.5-72.9 % per dry weight), all essential amino- and fatty acids, calcium (cheese and milk), iron (10 times more than in soybeans).
Effect of transcranial electrotherapy stimulation on reparative regeneration of the damaged sciatic nerve in the experiment
Authors: Dashko Denis , Silkin Ivan
Published: May 2021

The purpose of our research was to study the effect of transcranial electrical stimulation on the regeneration of damaged nerve fibers in laboratory animals. In the experiment, an operation was performed to cut the sciatic nerve at the level of the midthigh and to connect its ends with an epiperineural microsurgical suture. After the operation, one group (experimental) of animals was subjected to electrical exposure using electrodes inserted subcutaneously in the forehead and behind the auricles. The electric current was supplied in the mode of a combination of a direct current of 0.8±0.2 mA and a pulse current of 0.4±0.1 mA with a frequency of 70 Hz, a pulse duration of 3.0-3.5 ms. There were 4 sessions of exposure lasting 1 hour with an interval of three days for two weeks after the operation. The animals were monitored for 9 months. Transcranial electroanalgesia (electrostimulation) was found to activate regenerative morpho-functional processes in the nerve fibers of the damaged sciatic nerve in rats.
Dynamics of correlation coefficients of economic and productive characteristics depending on the age of cows
Authors: Harlap S.Yu. , Gorelik A.S. , Bitkeeva M.A. , Demina N.A. , Mullagulova G.M.
Published: May 2021

In 2002, a new Ural type of black-and-white breed was officially registered. Animals of this type have high productivity indicators, but at the same time there is a decrease in the productive longevity of the breeding stock. The conjugacy of milk yield for lactation is established, which allows for the first lactation to carry out selection fory milk yield. The relationship of milk yield for the first lactation weakens with the age of the animals and becomes negative for the fifth lactation. The conjugacy of such characteristics as milk yield per lactation and fat mass fraction in milk varies both by lactation and relative to milk yield per lactation. The conjugacy between milk yield and protein in milk for lactation was negative with fluctuations from low to medium-negative. For 5 lactation, there is a high positive relationship between milk yield for the first lactation and protein mass fraction in milk for 5 lactation. There are fluctuations in the correlation coefficients for fat mass fraction in milk for lactations, the conjugation of the trait with each other remains positive in the period from the first to the 4 lactation, excluding the correlation coefficient of this indicator between 1 and 5 lactation.
Changes in the live weight of cows with age and its impact on their productive qualities
Authors: Gorelik O.V. , Harlap S.Yu. , Drobyshevsky M.V. , Khramykh O.V. , Larionova S.E.
Published: May 2021

In the Sverdlovsk region, holstinized black-and-white cattle of the Ural type is bred, which is represented by large, highly productive animals with a high genetic potential for productivity. The purpose of the work is to study the dynamics of live weight of cows with age and its relationship with milk productivity. In animals, there is an increase in live weight with age by 22.6 kg (from 3 to 4 lactation) – 46.2 kg (from the first to the 2 lactation) or by 3.4 – 7.9%. With an increase in live weight, there was an increase in milk yields up to 3 lactation, and then their decrease. The greatest decrease was observed in the fifth lactation. The coefficient of milk production decreases with the age of cows and is accompanied by an increase in live weight. Despite an increase in live weight and a decrease in milk yield for every 100 kg of live weight of cows, all of them turned out to be of dairy-oriented productivity. However, it should be noted that achieving a live weight of 710 kg or more leads to a decrease in the efficiency of cow use. There is a low negative relationship between live weight and milk yield of cows.
The relationship of economic and useful traits in the Ural type cows of the black-and-white breed
Authors: Gorelik O.V. , Pavlova J.S. , Shvechikhina T.Yu. , Arapova O.A. , Ponomareva L.F.
Published: May 2021

In the Sverdlovsk region, holsteinized black-and-white cattle of the Ural type are bred. All cows have high productivity indicators; the best milk yields are distinguished by the animals of the Vis Back Ideal line, which surpass their peers by 99 (Reflection Sovering line) and 1477 kg (Montwick Chieftain line) or by 0.9 – 13.7%. In the second case, the difference is significant at P≤0.01. According to the FMF in milk, higher values were observed in cows of the Montwick Chieftain line – 4.03±0.003%. They significantly surpass cows from other lines by 0.04 – 0.07% at P≤0.01, which did not affect the output of nutrients with milk. There is a stable high correlation between cow milk yield and milk fat yield with milk. The correlation coefficients approach one. A negative correlation was found between milk yield and fat mass fraction, which ranged from low (-0.03, Montwick Chieftain line) to medium (-0.34, Vis Back Ideal line). The average positive relationship between the fat mass fraction in milk and the amount of milk fat was found in cows of the lines of the Reflection Sovering and Vis Back Ideal
Methods of increasing efficiency and acceleration of selection process in breeding of new breeds, types, and lines in pig husbandry
Authors: Novikov A.A. , Pokhodnya G. S. , Breslavets P. I. , Zhabinskaya V.P. , Breslavets Yu. P.
Published: May 2021

Within the framework of the national educational center “Innovative solutions in the agro-industrial complex”, created by the order of the Governor of the Belgorod region in July 2019, scientists of the ALL-Russian research Institute of breeding (Vniiplem), the Belgorod state agrarian University named after V.Y. Gorin (Belgorod state agrarian University) and specialists of the APC “Gorin collective Farm” (Belgorod region, Bessonovka village) developed an innovative project to create in the Belgorod region intra-breed type of pigs of a large white Breed. This project is planned to be implemented within the framework of the scientific and production platform “Selection and genetic research, cell technologies and genetic engineering: animal husbandry” using modern genetic methods and approaches. Due to the introduction, development and practical use of high-tech methods of breeding work, it is planned to create a type of large white breed pigs that can compete with the best foreign breeding achievements by 2025, not only in terms of productivity, in particular, obtaining from one sow per year up to four tons of pork in live weight, but also, most importantly, to consistently show the effect of heterosis when used in hybridization programs.
Analysis of the effectiveness of therapeutic and prophylactic measures for finger dermatitis of cows
Authors: Ivanova Svetlana , Ivanova Vitalina , Mukhitov Asgat , Mukhitov Azat
Published: May 2021

This article presents the results of comparative studies of the therapeutic efficacy of drugs in the treatment of finger dermatitis in cows on the farm, hematological blood parameters before and after treatment are studied, the main changes in the body of cows after the complex treatment and the clinical picture are considered. Complex treatment in the experimental group showed the greatest therapeutic effect. The beneficial effect of the complex treatment was to stimulate blood counts and the animal's recovery. The optimal method of treatment on the farm is the scheme proposed for the treatment of cows in the experimental group, since this scheme is more effective in therapeutic terms and recovery occurs faster than when using the scheme used at the enterprise.
Physiotherapy in the rehabilitation of sledge dogs
Authors: Trudova Liliya , Stekolnikov Anatoliy , Smolin Alexandr , Bluzma Anastasiya , Titova Elizaveta
Published: May 2021

The article deals with the current problems of rehabilitation of dogs participating in sledding competitions. The analysis of sports injuries among sled dogs was carried out, the main types of injuries were established, the general clinical condition of injured dogs was monitored, a clinical blood test was performed, the indicators of uric acid in the blood serum were determined, the main changes in the thermographic parameters of muscle groups were established before physiotherapy and after a course of restorative massage and low-frequency magnetic therapy. As a result of the conducted studies, it was found that the main injuries of sledge dogs were caused by violations associated with improper equipment and exterior deficiencies in the distal parts of the limbs, which was reflected in the overstrain of the shoulder girdle muscles. The use of massage and low-frequency magnetic therapy contributed to the rapid recovery of the dogs’ athletic form.
Analytical review of issues of creation of the agro-digital cooperation platform as an economic mechanism for sustainable development of agricultural production
Authors: Amirova E.F. , Zolkin A.L. , Podolko P.M. , Baldina Е.I. , Kosnikov S.N.
Published: May 2021

The article proposes a program to create a digital platform for cooperation and regulation of agricultural production. It is substantiated that the digitalization of the agricultural sector takes place simultaneously in three environments: real (offline) environment, virtual (online) environment, institutional environment. It was revealed that priority projects to ensure sustainable development of agricultural production based on digital technologies ensure the improvement of the regulatory environment, based on the principle of the primacy of sustainable development and digital processes, products and services, the development of ICT infrastructure that meets modern requirements and capabilities, and the provision of an accessible digital education for the population of rural areas and their access to digital technologies, the formation of an agro-digital platform as the core of a nationwide digital business ecosystem.
Using grading to motivate staff in agricultural enterprises
Authors: Yekimov Sergey , Otroshchenko Nataliia , Voytsekhovska Yuliya , Nakhod Svitlana , Gavrilko Tetiana
Published: May 2021

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated difficulties in the functioning of agricultural enterprises, in our opinion, new approaches are required to improve the efficiency of agricultural enterprises. The economic efficiency of an agricultural enterprise depends to a large extent on the efficiency of its personnel. In our opinion, human resources are one of the most important resources in the agricultural business. In this paper, we considered the use of grading to motivate employees of an agricultural enterprise. In our opinion, this will assist in the formation of a clear and transparent system of payment for work activities for the company’s employees and, in addition, will optimize the size of the company’s employee compensation fund. The system of management of labor resources of the agricultural enterprise should take into account the personality of the employee, knowledge of his features of motivation , and also be combined with the goals and objectives that the enterprise has.
Improvement of budgeting subsystem in agriculture of the “AdeptIS: Agrocomplex” configuration
Authors: Butyugina Anastasiya , Gorbunova Elena
Published: May 2021

Agriculture differs from other sectors of the economy by the presence of various forms of ownership, as well as the discrepancy between the calendar year and the production year. Therefore, for organizations specializing in the production and processing of products in agriculture, it is very difficult to choose programs for automating cost, operational and tax accounting. But, at the present stage, automation is necessary to maintain the competitiveness of the enterprise. In a market economy, planning is one of the most important management functions. The volume and quality of information provided by the accounting service is of great importance for proper and prompt financial planning. From this point of view, in our opinion, the system for organizing production, accounting, control and budgeting is relevant. Automation of budgeting in agro-industrial organizations will ensure production efficiency, increase productivity and labor efficiency, as well as competitive products manufacturing. The article describes the features of the introduction and application of information technologies, taking into account the specifics of agricultural industries. The theoretical and methodological possibilities of the automated budgeting system for the enterprises of the agro-industrial complex are also considered and analyzed. In summary, the main conclusions on improving automated cost accounting and budgeting are formulated.
Interventionelle Therapie der akuten iliofemoralen Thrombose
Authors: Langer Stephan , Regeniter Philipp
Published: May 2021

Der Goldstandard in der Behandlung der Phlebothrombose ist die konservative Therapie mittels Antikoagulation und Kompression. Bei akuten proximalen iliofemoralen Thrombosen mit Beteiligung der Beckenvene muss jedoch hierbei mit einer Inzidenz für das Entstehen eines postthrombotischen Syndroms im Langzeitverlauf von bis zu 70 % gerechnet werden. Zur Prävention eines solchen Folgeschadens rückt neben der selten durchgeführten operativen venösen Thrombektomie in den letzten Jahren zunehmend die interventionelle rekanalisierende Therapie in den Fokus der Behandlungsstrategie. In dieser Übersicht werden die verschiedenen Techniken und aktuellen Entwicklungen dieser Therapie dargestellt und einer kritischen Wertung vor dem Hintergrund der bestehenden Evidenz unterzogen.
Maternal Serum Placental Protein-13 Levels in the Prediction of Pregnancies with Abnormal Invasive Placentation
Authors: Şahin Banuhan , Turhan Uğur , Şahin Buğra , Dağ İsmail , Tinelli Andrea
Published: May 2021

Objective To evaluate whether placental protein-13 (PP-13) measured in the
serum of pregnant women could predict abnormal invasive placentation (AIP)
detected by color Doppler ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging scan in
addition to the routine US scan during the third trimester.

Materials and methods The prospective case-control study included patients
subdivided in 2 groups: 42 pregnant women with a singleton pregnancy at
28–32 weeks of gestation with only suspected AIP, and 32 healthy
pregnant women. The serum PP-13 levels were measured in both groups using an
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method and statistically compared. The
cases of AIP were confirmed by placental histopathological examination
and/or the uterus removed by hysterectomy after elective caesarean
section.

Results Serum PP-13 levels of pregnant women with AIP were significantly
higher (p<0.001) than those of controls (650.32±387.33 vs.
231.43±94.33). Statistical analysis of maternal serum PP-13 levels above
the threshold of 312 pg/ml (measured in the early third trimester)
predicted AIP with 76.2% sensitivity and 75% specificity.

Conclusion Maternal serum PP-13 may have a role in the pathophysiology of
AIP owing to its high serum value in the AIP group. The maternal serum dosage of
PP-13 levels could improve pregnancy management in those patients suspected of
having AIP.
Synthesis of β-Hydroxy Aryl Selenides via Transition-Metal-Free Three-Component Reaction of Arylamines, Elemental Selenium, and Epoxides
Authors: Wang Hongwei , Li Hongchen , Yu Guoqi , Zhou Yun-Bing , Bai Yalong , Hei Yanling , Chen Junwei
Published: May 2021

An efficient protocol for the construction of valuable β-hydroxy aryl selenides from easily available arylamines, elemental selenium, and epoxides through a transition-metal-free radical process is described. A wide variety of β-hydroxy aryl selenides were obtained in good to excellent yields with excellent stereo- and regioselectivity. In this reaction, two C–Se bonds can be built along with the cleavage of a C–N and C–O bond, demonstrating the high step economy and efficiency of this approach.
Role of Diffuse Tensor Imaging in Predicting Outcomes of Decompressive Surgery in Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy—A Prospective Analysis
Authors: Sharma Neeraj , Alugolu Rajesh , Gangapatnam Dinesh , Saradhi Mudumba Vijaya
Published: May 2021

Background Cervical spondylotic myelopathy is a common degenerative disorder of the cervical spine. Assessing the severity of the disease objectively remains a challenge. Advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), especially diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), elucidate the damaged or compressed fiber tracts in the cord. This study is our endeavor to correlate the relationship between clinical features, radiological features with special reference to DTI, and surgical outcome in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy.

Methods All consecutive patients of cervical spondylotic myelopathy and cord intensity changes in MRI, admitted and treated in the department of neurosurgery during the period of 2016 to 2018, were included and evaluated clinically and radiologically. The clinical evaluation included motor assessment scale (MAS), 30 meters walking, and hand grip. Radiological investigations included additional DTI in 3T MRI and clinical outcome was measured postoperatively after 12 months by modified Japanese Orthopedic Association (mJOA) recovery ratio and MAS scores.

Results The patients age ranged from 30 to 80 years and the mean age of the study population was 55.95 ± 10 years. Patients with fractional anisotropy (FA) < 0.5 had higher grade of Nurick, that is, grade 5 in 4.3%, grade 4 in 65.2%, and grade 3 in 27.1% compared with grade 5 in 0%, grade 4 in 23.5%, and grade 3 in 47.1% in FA > 0.5. Mean mJOA recovery ratio in the group FA > 0.5 was 57.32 whereas it was 38.78 in FA < 0.5.

Conclusion DTI serves as a potential biomarker for predicting the surgical outcome in degenerative cervical myelopathy cases and thereby making the surgical decision precise. FA can be a potential quantitative tool to predict the functional outcome following decompressive surgery for degenerative cervical myelopathy conditions, in particular lower FA values carries poor prognosis.
Survey of Hospital Chargemaster Transparency
Authors: Arvisais-Anhalt Simone , McDonald Samuel , Park Jason Y. , Kapinos Kandice , Lehmann Christoph U. , Basit Mujeeb
Published: May 2021

Background In January 2019, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) required hospitals to list their standard charges (chargemasters) publicly in an effort to increase price transparency in health care. Surveying hospital chargemasters may be informative to assess the implementation of this rule and its utility to consumers.

Objective We aimed to compare hospital chargemaster data within a local hospital market where patients would reasonably try to shop or compare services.

Methods We identified and aggregated Dallas County hospital chargemasters available in a database compatible format in May 2019. We manually examined a convenience sampling of 10 common laboratory tests, medications, and procedures.

Results Thirteen hospital chargemasters were identified. Eleven hospitals had chargemasters available in a database compatible format (xlsx or csv). These 11 chargemasters were aggregated into a single file containing 155,576 chargeable items, prices, and descriptions. We observed heterogeneous names and descriptions of synonymous items across institutions, preventing automated comparisons. The examined items revealed a high variation in charges. The largest charge variation for laboratory tests examined included a 2,606% difference (partial thromboplastin time: $18.70–506.00), for medications an 18,617% difference (5-mg tablet of amlodipine: $0.23–43.05), and for procedures a 2,889% difference (circumcision: $252.00–7,532.10). One institution accounted for 27% of the lowest prices and another accounted for 60% of the highest prices.

Conclusion Chargemaster data presentation varied among the hospitals surveyed, making automatic comparison impossible. Chargemaster data are difficult to interpret for health care decisions. Refining the minimum requirements for publishing chargemaster data could increase their utility.
Colloid Cyst Presenting as Head Injury
Authors: Shrivastava Ankur , Bajaj Jitin , Yadav Yad R. , Swamy Narayan M. , Parihar Vijay , Ratre Shailendra , Sinha Mallika , Hedaoo Ketan , Kumar Ambuj , Chauhan Pankaj Singh
Published: May 2021

Colloid cysts are mucous- or hyaloid-filled lesions with an outer fibrous layer. These are rare developmental and nonneoplastic malformation. They may be found incidentally, while some cases may present with intermittent headache, rapid neurologic deterioration, drop attacks, and even sudden death. Early recognition of this disease may result in lesser mortality. Here, we present a 22-year-old male with a history of fall while driving his two-wheeler. A diagnosis of colloid cyst of the third ventricle with a head injury was made. Colloid cyst presenting with a head injury is exceedingly rare with only five case reports in the literature. This report may help to support surgical intervention in an asymptomatic patient, as the cyst can predispose head injury with serious consequences. It also stresses the importance of a high degree of suspicion when there is any well-defined radiological abnormality in the region of the third ventricle. A colloid cyst may easily be confused with intracranial hemorrhage due to hyperdensity in head trauma. It can be distinguished by the presence of an accompanying traumatic lesion. The cyst usually has well-defined round margins, and the morphologic appearance and density do not change on a follow-up computed tomography (CT) scan, whereas in hemorrhage the density usually regresses with clinical improvement on serial imaging.
Enhancing efficiencies of solar thermophotovoltaic cells by downconversion of high-energy photons
Authors: Wang Yuan , Wang Shao , Zhang Yiwei , Mao Qianhui , Su Shanhe , Chen Zhilin
Published: May 2021

To better suit the bandgap of solar cell, we proposed a novel theoretical model of solar thermophotovoltaic system, which consists of a concentrator, a surface-textured absorber, an emitter, a photovoltaic cell, and a downconversion layer. Two configurations of rear and front down converters are proposed to enhance the performance of the solar thermophotovoltaic system. The corresponding expressions of particle and heat fluxes are derived. Based on balance equations of particle and energy, the temperatures of emitter and solar cell, and the voltages of down converter are determined. In addition, the influences of solar concentration ratio, geometrical factor, and refractive indexes of emitter and solar cell are considered. Moreover, the operating voltage of solar cell, the areas of emitter and solar cell, and the bandgap of solar cell are optimized at the maximum efficiency condition. The results show that the existence of down converter can efficiently enhance the performance of the solar thermophotovoltaic system, and the proposed configurations can provide theoretical guidance for efficient solar energy harvesting.
COVID-19 pandemic, lockdown, and consequences for a fossil fuel-dominated electricity system
Authors: Khan Imran , Sahabuddin Md.
Published: May 2021

In South Asian countries, the spread of COVID-19 was not treated seriously until mid-March 2020. Measures similar to those considered in Europe and other developed countries, such as maintaining social distance and lockdowns, were imposed. Lockdowns imposed a significant impact on the power sector, and this has been well explored in the literature for developed countries. A country-specific assessment of the impact of COVID-19 on the energy sector is crucial for future crisis management and underpinning sustainable power sector development plans. The impact of COVID-19 on Bangladesh’s fossil-fuel dominated electricity sector is explored in this study. The analyses were conducted for 2019 and for the pandemic lockdown period in 2020. Daily hourly demand variations for different electricity generation zones in the country were investigated. The impact of these demand variations on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions was assessed through time-varying carbon intensity analysis. Nationwide, the analysis revealed that the maximum hourly demand reduced by about 14% between 5 and 6 pm whereas the minimum demand reduction (3%–4%) occurred between 7:30 and 8 pm. Peak time demand reduction was found to be minimal during lockdowns. The national absolute GHG emission reduced by about 1075 kt CO2e, an ∼16% reduction compared with that in 2019. Time-varying carbon intensity patterns varied significantly between zones.
Sea-surface temperatures predict targeted visual surveys of octopus abundance
Authors: Scheel D. , Johnson C.
Published: May 2021

In upwelling systems around the world, octopus abundance is forecast by marine productivity linked to upwelling strength, often indicated by sea-surface temperatures. Climate change may disrupt populations of marine animals that are linked to such temperature-dependent events. We analysed the relationship of the abundance of giant Pacific octopuses (Enteroctopus dofleini) to Gulf of Alaska and Washington State water temperatures. Abundance was measured in targeted visual surveys in Prince William Sound, Alaska, over the period 1995–2016 and from REEF.org diver surveys in Washington State from 2003 to 2019. Octopus counts from both survey programs had significant negative correlations with water temperatures over the previous 2.5–4 years. Water temperature accounted for from 0.41 to 0.71 of the variance (R2) in octopus abundance in eastern Gulf of Alaska waters located in ocean currents up-stream of the survey areas, and up to 0.81 of the variance in Washington State waters. These negative correlations provide a possible predictive index for octopus abundance as measured by targeted visual surveys. These methods may be useful tools in management of octopuses and indicate impacts of climate change on North Pacific coastal marine ecosystems.
Galectin-3 N-terminal tail prolines modulate cell activity and glycan-mediated oligomerization/phase separation
Authors: Zhao Zihan , Xu Xuejiao , Cheng Hairong , Miller Michelle C. , He Zhen , Gu Hongming , Zhang Zhongyu , Raz Avraham , Mayo Kevin H. , Tai Guihua , Zhou Yifa
Published: May 2021

Significance

The functional role of the N-terminal tail (NT) of galectin-3 (Gal-3) with its numerous proline residues (27 out of 113 in human Gal-3) has remained enigmatic since its discovery. Our study enlightens the galectin field on the role of specific Gal-3 NT prolines and opens a window into understanding the mechanisms of Gal-3 proline polymorphisms (e.g., at P64) in various pathological disorders. In addition, we show that Gal-3 oligomerization, triggered by binding to glycoconjugates either in solution or on the plasma membrane and disrupted endomembranes, is a dynamic process analogous to liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS). This dynamic behavior of Gal-3 illuminates a mechanism underlying the formation, regulation, and function of clusters of glycosylated cell surface receptors.
Liberibacter africanus (African greening).
Authors: Arengo Esther
Published: May 2021

The African form of Huanglongbing is not considered as invasive as the Asian form; however, the species and its vector are on several alert lists including the EPPO A1 Regulated Quarantine Plant Pests.
Monilia polystroma (asiatic brown rot).
Authors:   USA, USDA-ARS
Published: May 2021

M. polystroma is the conidial form of an unknown apothecial ascomycete closely related to Monilinia fructigena, from which it has so far been distinguished by molecular means. Although M. fructigena and the other brown-rot species, M. fructicola and M. laxa, are known on various continents, M. polystroma was identified in Japan and initially known only in that country. Recent published reports placed it in Hungary and China as well. This species may be widely distributed in Asia and perhaps Europe. In the absence of natural barriers, it will spread by means of airborne conidia. Long distance dispersal would most likely occur through infected planting stock or fruit. Therefore, M. polystroma is a regulated pest for Canada. Monilinia fructigena is a regulated pest for the USA.
Botryosphaeria berengeriana f. sp. pyricola (Physalospora canker).
Authors:   USA, USDA-ARS
Published: May 2021

B. berengeriana f.sp. pyricola is an ascomycete causing leaf spots, warty growths on stems, and "ring rot" of pear [Pyrus] and apple [Malus] fruits in eastern Asia. Morphologically, it is very similar to the "white rot" pathogen of pome fruit, Botryosphaeria dothidea, and the species B. berengeriana itself has been synonymized with that more widespread species, but the production of some different symptoms by the Asian fungus warns of a physiological difference that is not understood or defined and that could still constitute a threat in pome fruit-growing areas where white rot already occurs. No assay, other than by the inoculation of trees, exists to distinguish the fungus easily and quickly from closely-related Botryosphaeria pathogens that might also be carried in fruit or in fruit tree propagating material.
Puccinia pittieriana (common rust of potato).
Authors:   USA, USDA-ARS
Published: May 2021

P. pittieriana is a microcyclic rust fungus occurring on potato [Solanum tuberosum], tomato [Solanum lycopersicum] and wild species of Solanum in South and Central America and is an EPPO A1 quarantine organism for Europe (EPPO, 1988). Probably capable of causing disease on potatoes in cool, moist regions of the temperate and tropical zones, this fungus can be transported in fresh or dried plant material or crop debris in soil. As the basidiospores are short-lived and not produced in large numbers, the fungus is not spread far by natural agents such as the wind.
Patient Perspectives of Barriers to Naloxone Obtainment and Use in a Primary Care, Underserved Setting: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Ko Jennifer , Chan Emily , Doroudgar Shadi
Published: May 2021

Background

Gaps in naloxone obtainment and use are not well studied, particularly among minoritized groups.

Objective

To describe patient perspectives that serve as barriers to naloxone obtainment and the number of patients who obtained naloxone in a primarily African American population in a primary care, underserved setting.

Methods

This qualitative study conducted semi-structured interviews and included 36 adults who were prescribed naloxone at a federally qualified health center using convenience sampling. Participants answered survey questions describing naloxone acceptability, perceived risk for overdose, and barriers to naloxone use.

Results

Sixty-nine percent of the patients were Black or African American. The majority of patients attempted to fill their naloxone at a local pharmacy (69%) and reported no difficulties (88%). Five major themes revealed: overall positive views of naloxone because it saves lives; existing knowledge gaps related to indications for naloxone prescription; stigma surrounding receiving a naloxone prescription; inadequacies of the patient education provided; and the role providers play in naloxone receptivity

Conclusions

Among a majority African American population, many perceived naloxone to be lifesaving. However, stigmatizing perceptions and inability to recall patient education contribute to a perception of low overdose risk. Further research describing the impact of the opioid epidemic on underrepresented groups is necessary.