bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indole Curcumin Reverses Multidrug Resistance by Reducing the Expression of ABCB1 and COX2 in Induced Multidrug Resistant Human Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Pajaniradje Sankar , Mohankumar Kumaravel , Radhakrishnan Rakesh , Sufi Shamim Akhtar , Subramanian Srividya , Anaikutti Parthiban , Hulluru Surya Prakash Rao , Rajagopalan Rukkumani
Published: June 2020

Background:

Drug resistance by the cancer cells towards current chemotherapeutic
approaches poses a great challenge. In the present study, an indole analogue of a well-known plant
derived anticancer molecule, curcumin, was tested for its Multidrug Resistance (MDR) reversing
potential in induced multi drug resistant A549 cell line.

Materials and Methods:

Human lung cancer cell line A549 was made Multidrug Resistant (MDR)
by prolonged treatment with low dosage of Docetaxel, an established anticancer drug. The MDR
induction was confirmed by morphological evidence, Hoechst 33342 staining, MTT assay,
Rhodamine123 staining and RT-PCR of ABCB1 gene. Protein expression studies were carried out
using western blotting technique

Results and Discussions:

The induced MDR A549 cells exhibited significant increase in the gene
expression of ABCB1 gene at the transcriptional level. Retention and efflux studies with Pglycoprotein
(P-gp) substrate Rh123 indicated that indole curcumin inhibited P-gp mediated efflux
of Rhodamine. Furthermore, treatment of MDR A549 cells with indole curcumin showed downregulation
of gene expression of ABCB1 and COX 2. This was also confirmed from the decreased
protein expression of COX 2.

Conclusion:

The results of the present study indicate that indole curcumin reverses multi drug
resistance by downregulating the expression of ABCB1 and COX 2 genes. Thus, indole curcumin
may act as a potent modulator for ABCB1 and COX 2 mediated MDR in lung cancer.
A Comprehensive Review on Strategies for New Drug Discovery and Enhanced Productivity in Research and Development: Recent Advancements and Future Prospectives
Authors: Sharma Adity , Mittal Karan , Arora Daisy , Ganti Subrahmanya Sarma
Published: June 2020

At present, due to increased costs, decreased productivity, and lack of breakthrough technologies,
many pharmaceutical firms face various challenges in their research and development projects.
A variety of environmental concerns have also been gradually placing pressure on the pharmaceutical
industry, including substantial profit losses due to patent expiration, more expensive health
care facilities, and more stringent regulatory requirements. A system-oriented approach to finding innovative
solutions is essential to this complicated problem. In our opinion, the key to solving these
challenges is to increase the quality and number of creative and cost-effective new pharmaceutical
products without incurring excessive R&D expenses, both for the future profitability of pharmaceutical
industries and developments in healthcare. Our main emphasis is to highlight the strategies and
models like Quality by Design, Lean Six Sigma, Organ-on-Chip, Chorus, AI, and so on in delivering
innovations, which can be a good positive change for industries as to increase productivity in terms
of time efficiency and innovation as well. These models focus on the creation and diffusion of
knowledge internal to the firms. The major focus points should include critical investigation in innovations
where the risk is high, as this can lead to the safer side of the development. We then propose
specific strategies that could have the most substantial impact on improving R&D productivity. Besides
this, the selection of strategy and models at the same point is as important as its implementation
and its accurate selection can assist pharmaceutical companies to improve R&D organizations and
their productivity.
Characterization of an Unknown Impurity in Indobufen Tablets by HPLC-Q-TOF MS and NMR
Authors: Li Yu , Kong Xiangwen , Hong Liya , Yue Chen , Wang Xinyue , Zhu Peixi
Published: June 2020

Background:

Indobufen is a drug that hinders the aggregation of platelets by reversibly repressing the cyclooxygenase enzyme, further bringing about diminished thromboxane production. During quality control of indobufen
tablets, an unknown impurity was detected.

Objective:

To characterize an unknown impurity in indobufen tablets.

Methods:

A new method compatible with mass spectrometry detection was set up. A C18 column at
35 °C with a mobile phase consisting of aqueous buffer (including ammonium formate) and methanol
(35: 65, v/v) was used at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min at 228 nm. High-performance liquid chromatography
quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF MS) was used
to identify the impurity with the electrospray ionization (ESI) source in the positive ionization mode.

Results:

The results of HPLC-Q-TOF MS analysis indicated that the protonated molecule ions [M +
H]+ of the unknown impurity was at m/z 312. Preparative LC method was put into practice with a Prep-
C18 column with a mobile phase consisting of water and methanol (20: 80, v/v) at a flow rate of 20.0
mL/min at 228 nm. The assignment of the 1D and 2D NMR signals was performed for the unknown
impurity. In addition, possible formation of the novel impurity was also studied.

Conclusion:

An unknown impurity in indobufen tablets was characterized. The impurity was assigned
as 2-(4-(1-hydroxy-3-oxoisoindolin-2-yl) phenyl) butanoic acid.
Synergistic Effect of Polyalthia longifolia Leaf and Antibiotics against Clinical Isolates of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by Microscopic Technique
Authors: Kirubakari Balasupramaniam , Chen Yeng , Sasidharan Sreenivasan
Published: June 2020

Background:

Polyalthia longifolia is a popular medicinal plant and has been
widely used as a traditional remedy for centuries in curing of various ailments. The purpose
of this study was conducted to determine the in situ antimicrobial synergistic effects
between Polyalthia longifolia leaf ethyl acetate fraction (PLEAF) and ampicillin against
MRSA local isolate by using modern microscopy technique.

Methods:

Hence, the evaluation of the synergistic activity of PLEAF and ampicillin
against MRSA local isolate was conducted with scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Results:

The combinational effect of PLEAF fraction and ampicillin exhibited significant
antibacterial activity against MRSA. Bacterial cells observations showed invagination, impaired
cell division, extensive wrinkles, cell shrinkage, the appearance of a rougher cell
with fibrous matrix and clustered cells which confirmed the synergistic effect of PLEAF
and ampicillin against MRSA local isolate by SEM.

Conclusion:

Conclusively, the in situ SEM observation proved the synergistic antimicrobial
activity between PLEAF fraction and ampicillin to destroy the MRSA resistance bacteria
which is an important aspect of PLEAF fraction to be used in the future combinational
therapy.
Bioactive Sterol Derivatives Isolated from the Pleurotus djamor var. Roseus Induced Apoptosis in Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Jagadeesh Raman , Babu Gajandran , Lakshmanan Hariprasath , Oh Oh Min-Ji , Jang Jang Kab-Yeul , Kong Kong Won-Sik , Raaman Nanjian
Published: June 2020

Objective:

The aim of the present study is to isolate and characterize the bioactive compounds
from Pleurotus djamor against human breast cancer (MDA-MD-231) and mouse T cell lymphoma
(EL4) cell lines.

Materials and methods:

Sequential fractionization and column chromatography methods were involved
in compound isolation. The structures of the isolated compound were determined by NMR,
GC/MS, and X-ray crystallography studies.

Results:

The isolated compounds 1- 4 [D-mannitol (C1), ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3β-ol (C2), 5,8-
epidioxy-ergosta-6-22-dien-3β-ol (C3), and palmitic acid (C4)] are white crystal and amorphous
powder in nature. All these compounds were isolated from this mushroom for the first time. In vitro
lipid peroxidation activities of isolated compounds were determined by ferric thiocyanate (FTC) and
thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method. The sterol derivatives C2 and C3 compounds displayed strong antioxidant
activity and were not significantly different (p<0.05) to α-tocopherol. This finding elaborates
on the isolation of a cytotoxic compound C2 and C3 from P. djamor via a rapid elution method.

Conclusion:

The compound C3 has exhibited better cytotoxic activity against MDA-MD-231 and
EL4 cells. The present finding and data might provide new insights into the possible therapeutic and
pharmaceutical use for the design of anti-cancer drugs from this edible mushroom.
A Comprehensive Review on DNA Gyrase Inhibitors
Authors: Chitra S.R. , Ramalakshmi N. , Arunkumar Subramani , Manimegalai P.
Published: June 2020

The newly emerging infectious organisms, the global crisis in antibiotic resistance, and
the threat of bioterrorism create an urgent need to discover novel antimicrobial agents. In order to
develop novel antimicrobial agents, the mechanism of infectious disease must be better understood.
DNA Gyrase is a bacterial enzyme that plays an important role in the replication of DNA
and transcription process. It is not present in higher eukaryotes making it a perfect target for developing
new antibacterial agents. This review describes the role of DNA gyrase inhibitors in
preventing various diseases. In this review, we outline the synthesis and pharmacological action of
various novel DNA gyrase inhibitors. DNA gyrase inhibitors were used to treat tuberculosis, bacterial,
fungal infections and malaria. DNA gyrase inhibitors mainly act by preventing the supercoiling
of DNA strands..
Tea from the Food Science Perspective: An Overview
Authors: Cisneros-Yupanqui Miluska , Lante Anna
Published: June 2020

Tea (Camelia sinensis L.) is one of the main beverages known and consumed all around the world. Quality of tea is not only linked to the raw material but also to the processing steps that influence on the biochemical and sensory characteristics of each type of tea. This overview is focused on the differences in the production and composition of the main types of teas present in the market, highlighting not only their chemical and sensory characteristics, but also the importance of this plant from the food science viewpoint related to its several applications.
Dentists’ Self-perception on Teledentistry: The Changing Landscape Driven by Technological Booming in the 21stCentury.
Authors: Alsharif Alla T. , Al-harbi Shaima S.
Published: June 2020

Aim:

Teledentistry has gained popularity worldwide because it is cost-effective and increase accessibility to dental healthcare. This study assessed the self-perceptions of teledentistry among dental practitioners in Saudi Arabia and examinedany gender-related differences.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted between January and December 2017 and recruited a convenience sample of dental practitioners, whose self-perceptions of the practice-related use of teledentistry were assessed viaateledentistry survey (TDS). The TDS consisted off our sections:efficiency in patient care, cost reduction,capabilities forimproving practice, and security and confidentiality.Data analyseswere conducted throughdescriptive statistics,internalreliability tests(Cronbach’s alpha), andchi-squaredtests of the TDS.

Results:

The response rate was 620/800(78%). Most respondents were female (62%), and 58% of themworked in the public sector. The internal reliability of the TDS was 0.85 for the whole sampleand 0.85 and 0.90 for males and females, respectively. Among the entire sample, 51% agreed that teledentistry reduced potential cost, and 65% reported shortened waitlists. More females (42%, p<0.001) than males (22%) agreed that teledentistry could help monitor a patient’s condition.More females (35%) than males (13%, p<0.001) considered that teledentistry would require additional appointments for imaging. More females(29%, p=0.0001) than males (22%) expressed great concern aboutpotential violations of confidentiality.

Conclusion:

These findings suggest thatteledentistry in dental practiceis well perceived by practitioners in Saudi Arabia. Gender differences in perceptions are linked to certain aspects of teledentistry.
Microbiological and Public Health Status of Cooked Meat and Fish in Ethiopia
Authors: Bedada Tesfaye L. , Feto Tatek K. , Awoke Kaleab S. , Derra Firehiwot A. , Gebre Samson G. , Sima Waktole G. , Negassi Tigist Y. , Beyene Yosef
Published: June 2020

Background:

Due to poor sanitation practices and handling of food, weak regulatory systems, lack of resources and education for food-handlers, food-borne infections happen frequently and pose a serious threat to human health in developing countries like Ethiopia.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 265 samples of meat and fish with berbere spice added or not were collected from Ethiopia between Jan. 2013 to Dec. 2017. The food samples were analysed using colony count for Aerobic Colony Count (ACC) and S. aureus, spread method for yeasts and moulds enumeration, Nordic Committee on Food Analysis Method No. 44 for coliforms and ES ISO 6579:2002 for Salmonella and Shigella species. The data was analysed using SPSS 20.0.

Results:

The unsatisfactory levels for aerobic colony count, total and thermotolerant coliforms, E. coli, moulds and yeasts counts for the total samples were 12.1% (N=32), 11.7% (N=31), 1.9% (N=5), 3.4% (N=9), 1.2% (N=3) and 1.9% (N=5), respectively. Among the categories of three ready-to-eat foods examined, beef and mutton meats, fish and poultry, had the highest and lowest microbial contamination. Microbial quality of packaged samples with berbere spice added was reasonable compared with unpackaged samples with no berbere spice added.

Conclusion:

About 21% of the samples had unsatisfactory microbial quality because of aerobic colony count, coliforms or fungi. However, Salmonella, Shigella spp. and S. aureus were not detected in the samples tested. Processing under hygienic conditions, adding berbere spice to foods and packaging enhances the quality of ready to eat articles.
Stratum Corneum Biomarkers in Atopic Dermatitis: Biological and Spatial Variability
Authors: Toncic Ruzica Jurakic , Kezic Sanja , Hadzavdic Suzana Ljubojevic , Marinovic Branka , Jakasa Ivone
Published: June 2020

Background:

Atopic dermatitis is a highly heterogeneous skin disease, mainly affecting children. Introduction of biological therapies has urged the development of biomarkers to facilitate personalized therapy. Stratum corneum biomarkers emerged as a promising non-invasive alternative to skin biopsy, yet validation of spatial and biological variability is essential for their application in clinical research.

Objective:

To assess spatial and biological variability of stratum corneum biomarkers for atopic dermatitis.

Methods:

Stratum corneum was collected from 17 atopic dermatitis patients by consecutive application of eight adhesive tapes to a lesional skin site and 2 cm and 4 cm from the lesion. Two non-lesional sites at a 2 cm distance from the same lesion were collected to determine biological variability. Filaggrin degradation products (NMF) were determined by liquid chromatography and thirteen cytokines (IL-4, IL-13, IL-18, IL-31, IL-33, CCL17, CCL22, CCL27, CXCL8, IL-1α, IL-RA, IL-18, IL-22) by multiplex immunoassay.

Results:

Biomarker levels showed gradual changes from lesional to non-lesional skin sites at 2 cm and 4 cm; magnitude and direction of change were biomarker-specific. Intra-subject variability ranged from 17.3% (NMF) to 85.1% (CXCL8). Biomarker levels from two stratum corneum depths were highly correlated; several biomarkers showed significant depth dependence.

Conclusion:

Stratum corneum enables non-invasive collection of relevant immune and epidermal biomarkers, but biomarker-specific spatial and biological variability emphasizes the importance of standardized procedures for stratum corneum collection.
Memristor and its Applications: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Anusudha T.A. , Reka S.S. , Prabaharan S.R.S.
Published: June 2020

The emergence of memristor offers new avenues to look at several potential applications
ranging from non-volatile memories to neuromorphic system. A typical sign of the physical
memristor device is Pinched Hysteresis Loop. In the aspect of accomplishing this loop with high
accuracy, several memristor models have been evolved in the past. Moreover, various mathematical
window functions have been developed from the researchers to throw more insight into the
memristor model with the accordance of enhancing the degree of nonlinearity, resolving boundary
effect and boundary lock. This review portrays a brief description of explored memristor models
and window functions. With this, a comprehensive analysis is made to depict the advantages and
disadvantages in a more explicit manner. Furthermore, this work exhibits the prevailing properties
of memristor and the different types of switching mechanisms. Here, the future perspective of the
memristive technology is also explored very well as the memristor has become an innovative candidate
in the memory technology over the semiconductor. Memristor-based potential applications
such as a fine resolution programmable gain amplifier, synapse, and logic gate are also explained
briefly.
Terahertz Radiators Based on Si~3C-SiC MQW IMPATT Diodes
Authors: Ghosh Monisha , Biswas Arindam , Acharyya Aritra
Published: June 2020

Aims::

The potentiality of Multiple Quantum Well (MQW) Impacts Avalanche Transit
Time (IMPATT) diodes based on Si~3C-SiC heterostructures as possible terahertz radiators have
been explored in this paper.

Objective::

The static, high frequency and noise performance of MQW devices operating at 94,
140, and 220 GHz atmospheric window frequencies, as well as 0.30 and 0.50 THz frequency
bands, have been studied in this paper.

Methods:

The simulation methods based on a Self-Consistent Quantum Drift-Diffusion (SCQDD)
model developed by the authors have been used for the above-mentioned studies.

Results:

Thus the noise performance of MQW DDRs will be obviously better as compared to the
flat Si DDRs operating at different mm-wave and THz frequencies.

Conclusion::

Simulation results show that Si~3C-SiC MQW IMPATT sources are capable of
providing considerably higher RF power output with the significantly lower noise level at both
millimeter-wave (mm-wave) and terahertz (THz) frequency bands as compared to conventional
flat Si IMPATT sources.
A Study on Sensitivity of Some Switching Parameters of JLT to Structural Parameters
Authors: Ghosal Subhro , Ganguly Madhabi , Ghosh Debarati
Published: June 2020

Background:

The stringent technological constraints imposed by the requirement of
ultra-sharp doping profiles associated with the sub-30 nm regime has led to the search for alternatives
to the conventional Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) Field Effect Transistor (FET). An
obvious alternative is a device whose architecture does not have any junctions in the sourcechannel-
drain path. One such device is the Junctionless transistor comprising of an isolated ultrathin
highly doped semiconductor layer whose volume is fully depleted in the OFF state and is
around flat- band in the ON state. Such a structure overcomes the stringent technological requirement
of an ultra-sharp grading profile required for nano-scale MOSFETs. For widespread application
in today’s high-speed circuits, a key factor would be its effectiveness as a switch.

Methods:

In this work we have studied the relative sensitivity of two such parameters namely the
ION/IOFF ratio and gate capacitance to variations in several structural parameters of the device
namely channel width, composition of the dielectric layer, material composition of the channel region
(i.e. Si vis-à-vis SiGe), doping concentration of the channel region and non-uniformity in the
doping profile.

Results:

The work demonstrates through device simulations that replacement of Si with Si-Ge
leads to an improvement in the performance.

Conclusion:

The most notable change has been observed by using a vertically graded doping profile
as opposed to the original proposed uniformly doped channel.
A Comparative Study between Lithium and Extended-release Carbamazepine in Acute Mania: A Double-blind Clinical Trial
Authors: Shafti Saeed S. , Kaviani Hamid
Published: June 2020

Background:

Recently, numerous large clinical trials have been performed to evaluate the
effectiveness and tolerability of extended-release formulations of carbamazepine in bipolar disorder.

Objective:

In the current study, we compared lithium with a prolonged-release form of carbamazepine
(Tegretol CR) to evaluate its efficiency and safety in a group of patients with a diagnosis of
acute mania.

Methods:

Fifty patients with the diagnosis of acute mania were selected for a three-week, doubleblind
study, and were randomly administered lithium carbonate or tegretol CR. The main outcome
measured in the present evaluation was the Manic State Rating Scale (MSRS), which was scored at
baseline and weekly intervals up to the third week. Moreover, insight and overall illness severity and
improvement were assessed using the Schedule for Assessment of Insight (SAI), the Clinical Global
Impressions-Global Improvement scale (CGI-I), and the Clinical Global Impressions Severity Scale
(CGI-S), respectively. The statistical significance was defined with a p-value ≤0.05, and the treatment
efficacy was analyzed by independent samples t-test and repeated measures analysis of variance
(ANOVA).

Results:

Despite the fact that the mean total score of MSRS improved significantly with respect to
both lithium carbonate and tegretol CR at the end of the third week, the between-group analysis
showed a significant advantage of lithium, regarding both frequency and intensity of symptoms, at
the end of the study. The mean total score of SAI, as well, showed significant improvement caused
by both of them. Nevertheless, while the CGI-I demonstrated significant improvement in participants
taking lithium and tegretol CR, the CGI-S showed significant progress only with lithium. Besides,
Cohen’s effect size analysis showed a large improvement of MSRS by lithium and medium improvement
by tegretol CR. Post-hoc power analysis showed an intermediate power of 0.42 on behalf
of the current evaluation.

Conclusion:

While both lithium carbonate and tegretol CR were found to be valuable for the improvement
of manic symptoms, management with lithium appears to be more helpful.
Basal area growth models for Eucalyptus tereticornis Smith stands on the Colombian Atlantic coast
Authors: Barrios-Trilleras Alonso , López-Aguirre Ana Milena
Published: June 2020

Eucalyptus tereticornis is an important species used in reforestation programs in Colombia. Information on the dynamics and development of the E. tereticornis stands is required to improve management planning. This study compares nine basal area growth models, evaluating their goodness of fit and prediction, and describes their linkage to a thinning response model for E. tereticornis plantations. The evaluated models showed a good fit to the data, the R2adj ranged between 0.90 - 0.92 and 0.69 - 0.86 for the basal area projection and prediction models, respectively. The root of the mean square error (RMSE) ranged between 1.080 m2 ha-1 - 1.343 m2 ha-1 for basal area projection models and 1.671 m2 ha-1 - 2.206 m2 ha-1 for basal area prediction models. The selected basal area model for unthinned stands depends on the age, stand density, and dominant height. For the thinned stands, the basal area was predicted using a competition index that depends on the age and the dominant height of the stand. The competition index had an R2adj = 0.87, and a standard error of estimate of 0.031%. The system of equations presented a slight tendency to overestimate with a mean error of -0.14 m2 ha-1 and a RMSE of 0.696 m2 ha-1. This way, the developed models have the potential to be applied to unthinned and thinned stands with different ages, productivity, and planting densities. The developed models provide new tools to support forest management and research of the species growing in plantations.
Evaluation of Effectiveness of Multifactorial Lesion Field Taking into Account the Action of Incendiary Ele-ments
Authors: Kozlov V. V. , Vasilyev A. V. , Dеmсhеnко A. A. , Chuprin A. I.
Published: June 2020

Проведенный анализ последних военных операций с применением массированного высокоточного оружия в обычном снаряжении (Югославия, Ирак, Ливия, Сирия и др.) подтверждает, что основными береговыми и морскими целями являются объекты ракетных и авиационных комплексов как потенциальные носители ядерного оружия. Спланированное поражение объектов ракетных и авиационных комплексов на земле и на море обеспечивает стратегическое превосходство. Объекты авиационных и мобильных ракетных комплексов относятся к объектам с горюченасыщенными материалами и при известном их местоположении являются весьма уязвимыми целями по отношению к совместному осколочно-огневому воздействию. При этом следует отметить, что для поражения данных целей используется и энергия самих целей, во много крат превосходящая энергию применяемого средства поражения.Сегодня осколочные и осколочно-фугасные боевые части средств поражения образуют один из самых обширных и развитых классов боеприпасов, предназначенных для поражения практически всех типов целей, однако их применение без использования зажигательных средств поражения не всегда целесообразно и эффективно. В условиях ведения боевых действий основной объем задач по поражению назначенных целей решается с высокой степенью вероятности одновременным применением осколочно-фугасных и зажигательных средств поражения. Известно, что совместное применение боеприпасов разрушительного (фугасного, осколочного и др.) и зажигательного характера эффективно с точки зрения нанесенного ущерба при условии совмещения их зон поражения. В реальных условиях организация такого комбинированного воздействия затруднена из-за значительного индивидуального рассеивания средств поражения с различными поражающими факторами.Совместное применение средств поражения разрушительно-зажигательного действия в едином боеприпасе значительно повышает их боевую эффективность, и прежде всего по объектам с горюченасыщенными материалами. Создание такого многофакторного оружия – один из безусловных приоритетов госпрограммы вооружения.Для конструирования такого оружия на начальных этапах необходимо выработать единый научный подход для оценки эффективности многофакторных полей поражения с учетом действия зажигательных элементов, которого на сегодня нет. Представлены теоретические исследования в области оценки эффективности многофакторного оружия.
LA PRUEBA ILÍCITA, REFLEXIONES A PARTIR DE LA “OPERACIÓN FÉNIX”, EN COLOMBIA
Authors: Ramírez Diana María
Published: June 2020

Este trabajo analiza la ilicitud de la prueba, calificación que se obtiene cuando ella es recogida o presentada, mediante violaciones al debido proceso e incluso a cualquier otro derecho fundamental subjetivo, a partir de la operación Fénix en Colombia
EL FEDERALISMO ARGENTINO A DEBATE: ARGUMENTOS EN DEFENSA DE UN MODELO DEMOCRÁTICO DELIBERATIVO DE GOBIERNO FEDERAL
Authors: Olivares Nicolás Emanuel
Published: June 2020

Este trabajo de investigación tiene por objetivo general reconstruir y evaluar dos modelos democráticos contemporáneos pero disímiles que tienen por epicentro el concepto de federalismo. Un primer modelo de tipo federal pluralista impropio surgió en 1994, año en el cual se sancionó la última reforma constitucional argentina. Un segundo modelo de tipo federal deliberativo se propone aquí como salida adecuada a las objeciones normativas del primer modelo. El primer enfoque federal promueve un poder ejecutivo nacional fuerte, en tanto árbitro y/o mediador en los procesos de concertación habidos entre las provincias argentinas. En este primer modelo, el principio de resolución de conflictos es el de negociación y promueve un sistema hiperpresidencial capaz de someter a las provincias a criterios evaluativos los cuales están prefijados en la constitución nacional de 1994. El segundo enfoque de tipo deliberativo promueve un gobierno político más descentralizado, con una dinámica cooperativa entre poderes constituidos nacionales y subnacionales. En este segundo modelo el principio de resolución de conflictos propuesto es el argumentativo y el gobierno nacional adoptaría un sistema semipresidencial en el cual se evaluaría el proceder de cada entidad subnacional en función de criterios establecidos durante un debate político previo entre los organismos afectados
Editorial
Authors: Cardona-Rodas Hilderman
Published: June 2020

Para el presente número, la revista está integrada por siete artículos que son el resultado de procesos diversos de investigación, siete traducciones del francés al español y cuatro reseñas.
Un curso de Michel Serres o el don de la palabra
Authors: Paláu Castaño Luis Alfonso
Published: June 2020

Michel Authier

Traducción del francés al español de Luis Alfonso Paláu-Castaño

Ante nuestros ojos, el filósofo de las ciencias duras nos descubría las matemáticas en la filosofía de Leibniz, la topología en los nombres y los lugares de las novelas de Julio Verne, la estética del equilibrio del bien y el mal en los cuadros de Carpaccio, la termodinámica de la genética fatal que consume a los personajes de Zola, la comunicación que provoca la risa en las viñetas de Tintin… Entonces no sabíamos que los pozos, los puentes, los grafos presentes desde el origen en la tesis saturada de integrales, de series, de combinaciones, de infinitos grandes y pequeños, estaría aun operando para tejer, puentear, integrar los más variados conceptos. Lejos de la experticia sobre la idea, el pensamiento, el sistema de un autor que legitima al doctor en filosofía, comenzábamos a comprender que la variedad que funcionaba nos dejaba ver un filósofo.
Michel Serres, historiador de las ciencias
Authors: Paláu Castaño Luis Alfonso
Published: June 2020

Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent.

Traducción del francés al español de Luis Alfonso Paláu-Castaño

Entre todos los títulos que se le atribuyen a Michel Serres —filósofo, escritor, académico…—, rara vez se recuerda el de historiador. Sin embargo, es el que le conviene por profesión desde que el departamento de historia de la Universidad París le confió en 1970 una cátedra de historia de las ciencias. Este aspecto de su carrera es invariablemente ocultado aunque él no tenga nada de episódico, puesto que Serres enseñó historia de las ciencias durante cerca de treinta años. Formó una generación entera de estudiantes en la Sorbona y dirigió una obra colectiva Elementos de historia de las ciencias, que sirvió de manual a gran cantidad de estudiantes durante una buena decena de años.
Filosofía para el tiempo presente
Authors: Paláu Castaño Luis Alfonso
Published: June 2020

Christiane FrémontTraducción del francés al español de Luis Alfonso Paláu-Castaño La obra entera y desde sus comienzos anuda el inventario y la invención, una y otra se enriquecen mutuamente como lo deseó y lo hizo en la época clásica europea ese Leibniz del que Michel Serres (2001) ha partido, al que realmente no ha dejado nunca, yendo como él de un pensamiento de tipo estructural salido de las matemáticas a una exploración de lo real (natural y humano) que toma la forma de un relato. Historiador de las ciencias —puesto que tal fue después de todo, su estatuto en la Universidad, dado que los filósofos de oficio nunca lo integraron a su disciplina— prosiguió su largo trabajo de escritura pensando en el mundo, el conocimiento, las culturas y el trabajo de la ciencia, como una historia mezclada, el relato de esta alianza de contingencia y de necesidad que engendra y hace durar todas las cosas.
El pochoir y la dimensión estética del color. Algunas reflexiones sobre la obra de E. A. Séguy
Authors: Cardona-Rodas Hilderman
Published: June 2020

Emile-Allain Séguy (1877-1951), artista y diseñador francés, se inscribe en el art decó y el art nouveau, facetas en la historia del arte que cultivan la simetría y lo orgánico en el diseño, surgidas a principios del siglo XX con efectos en la pintura y la escultura en aquella época. Según Gombrich (1999), al concluir el siglo XIX se generó un ambiente de intranquilidad y estupor, ya que los artistas se sentían insatisfechos con los fines y procedimientos del arte que agradaba al público. “La arquitectura ofreció el blanco más fácil para sus ataques, pues había evolucionado hasta convertirse en una rutina sin sentido” (Gombrich, 1999, p. 535). Así se fue consolidando un “arte de fachada” alimentado por la exigencia del público de columnas, pilastras, cornisas y molduras que reprodujeran patrones de estilos históricos.
La comprensión lectora fortalecida por los textos expositivos
Authors: Bustamante María Elizabeth , Hernández Moreno Sara , Restrepo Higuita María Victoria , Ríos Escobar Paola Andrea
Published: June 2020

Este artículo parte de la hipótesis de que a mayor uso de los textos expositivos, mejor es el grado de comprensión lectora de los estudiantes. Se busca resaltar algunos resultados emanados de la investigación Prácticas de lectura con textos expositivos para mejorar la comprensión lectora en los estudiantes de grado 5°, a través de unas secuencias didácticas, en las Instituciones educativas San Pablo y Compartir. La investigación, bajo un enfoque cualitativo y con el diseño de las secuencias con estrategias y actividades intencionadas, permitieron establecer algunas consideraciones en torno a los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la compresión lectora para estudiantes y docentes, y potenciar el trabajo con los textos expositivos.
Mia Couto – As Areias do Imperador: escrever Portugal, a partir do degredo…
Authors: Pereira José Paulo
Published: June 2020

a nossa leitura dos últimos três romances do escritor moçambicano Mia Couto centra-se especificamente nas cartas do sargento português Germano de Melo – deportado para Moçambique em punição pelo seu envolvimento na sublevação de «31 de Janeiro» de 1891, em reação de protesto contra a submissão do governo monárquico às exigência britânicas do Ultimatum, no ano anterior. O que é central à nossa leitura é, portanto, não apenas a ideia – trazida por Homi K. Bhabha – da ambivalência do tempo narrativo necessário à escrita da nação moderna, mas também a noção de que a sua correspondência inscreve, em si própria, um certo modo de discurso performativo. O que desencadeou esse olhar com que a lemos foi uma das pequenas histórias que nela podemos encontrar.
“El exilio español no es una abstracción”. Eugenio Granell – un surrealista transterrado.
Authors: Castiglioni Ruben Daniel
Published: June 2020

Eugenio Fernández Granell foi, entre muitas outras coisas, escritor, músico, pintor e professor. Nasceu em La Coruña, Espanha, no dia 28 de novembro de 1912. Nos anos trinta, publicou seus primeiros textos nas revistas Nueva España e PAN e realizou diversas atividades políticas. Por esse motivo, teve de exilar-se, em 1941, na República Dominicana, país em que residiu até 1946 e onde conheceu André Breton e se interessou profundamente pelo surrealismo. Novas ameaças a sua vida o obrigaram a se mudar, tendo vivido em vários países. Entre exílios e viagens, pintou e escreveu livros, como A novela do Índio Tupinambá (1959), obra sobre a qual pouco tem-se falado. Na verdade, pouco se falou da obra de Granell em particular, do surrealismo de autores espanhóis e do surrealismo fora da França, em geral. Apoiado nas conclusões de destacados pesquisadores, o objetivo deste trabalho é abordar alguns aspectos da vida e da obra do autor.
"Viagem SentimentaL", de Viktor Chklóvski
Authors: Prudencio Rafael Do Amaral
Published: June 2020

Viagem Sentimental figurou durante muito tempo como uma obra proibida. Isso porque o nome de Viktor Chklóvski esteve na lista dos envolvidos em atos terroristas contra os bolcheviques. O livro, escrito originalmente em russo, é dividido em duas partes: a primeira (“Revolução e Front”), redigida em 1919, em meio ao cerco de Petersburgo pelo Exército Branco, e publicado em 1921 pela própria editora do autor; a segunda (“Escrivaninha”), redigida em 1922 em Berlim, quando o autor já estava exilado. Em 1958, Viagem Sentimental esteve na lista dos livros proibidos pelo governo. Em 2002, a obra reapareceu completa na Rússia e, em 2018, em meio às celebrações do centenário das Revolução de 1917, a obra ganhou uma edição brasileira pela Editora 34 com tradução inédita e direta do russo, feita por Cecília Rosas.
Avaliação da aprendizagem: contribuições da pesquisa-ação colaborativa
Authors: Ribeiro Marinalva Lopes , Santos Mylena Jannis de Oliveira
Published: June 2020

O trabalho apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa de cunho qualitativo, do tipo pesquisa-ação colaborativa, que teve como objetivo: compreender a base epistemológica da avaliação da aprendizagem de professores participantes da pesquisa-ação colaborativa. Trata-se de duas professoras iniciantes na carreira do magistério superior, da área de exatas, que participaram da referida pesquisa durante seus três anos de desenvolvimento. Este artigo tomou para análise a observação da prática docente de tais colaboradoras, durante o semestre 2018.1. O estudo teve como base teórica, dentre outros autores, Perrenoud, (1999); Becker, (2002); Matui, (1995); Behrens, (2003; Stenhouse, apud Rudduck e Hopkins (2007); Pimenta, (2005). As principais conclusões apontam que os resultados das práticas avaliativas das duas professoras colaboradoras, agora voltadas para a aprendizagem e não para a classificação dos estudantes, fazem com que tanto estes sujeitos quanto as próprias docentes aumentem seus autoconceitos, na medida em que resultaram em satisfação pela docência que exercem e pelas aprendizagens construídas nos componentes curriculares durante o semestre em evidência.
Female on boards and the risk-taking of microfinance institutions: The moderating role of outreach
Authors: Adusei Michael
Published: June 2020

This study examines the effect of female on boards on
risk-taking with data from 401 microfinance institutions (MFIs) drawn from 64 countries. The study also investigates whether the effect is sensitive to the outreach performance of MFIs. The MFIs sampled for this study are spread across the six MFI regions. The study measures MFI risk by its risk-taking Z-score and risk-adjusted return on assets. The fixed effects estimation technique, known to overcome the omitted variable bias, is deployed to analyze the data. The results show that female representation in the boardroom increases the risk-taking of MFIs. However, when female on boards interacts with the depth of outreach performance of an MFI, its positive impact on MFI risk is observed. It suggests that female directors are more likely to be beneficial to risk management in MFIs that lend more to indigent clients. Several tests, including an instrumental variable test for endogeneity, have been conducted to confirm the robustness of these results.
PENENTUAN RUMUS PERCEPATAN TANAH AKIBAT GEMPABUMI DI KOTA MATARAM MENGGUNAKAN METODE EUCLIDEAN DISTANCE
Authors: Taruna Rian Mahendra , Setiadi Tio Azhar Prakoso
Published: June 2020

Wilayah Lombok khususnya Kota Mataram dikategorikan sebagai kawasan dengan kerentanan tinggi terhadap gempabumi. Kota Mataram dikelilingi oleh beberapa zona sumber gempa termasuk subduksi dan back arc thrust. Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) merupakan suatu parameter yang bisa menggambarkan dampak dari gempabumi. Pada penelitian ini kami menentukan persamaan terbaik untuk memperkirakan PGA di antara beberapa model yang ada. Metode yang digunakan untuk memilih persamaan adalah analisa residual dan Euclidean Disteance Ranking. Data yang digunakan terdiri atas nilai PGA dari accelerograph di Stasiun Geofisika Mataram (MAKE), katalog gempabumi di sekitar Mataram pada periode 2016 hingga 2018, dan kondisi situs di MAKE. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa beberapa persamaan memiliki hubungan yang baik dengan PGA hasil observasi di Kota Mataram yang penting untuk mitigasi gempabumi.
eAmmattilaisten osaaminen käyttöön sosiaali- ja terveydenhuoltoon
Authors: Jauhiainen Annikki , Sihvo Päivi , Hämäläinen Susanne , Hietanen Aija , Nykänen Jaana , Hämäläinen Jaana , Franssila Päivi , Tikkanen Kaija
Published: June 2020

Digitaalinen teknologia muuttaa sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollon työtä, asiakkaan palveluja ja siten myös ammattilaisilta edellytettävää osaamista. Pohjois-Karjalan ja Pohjois-Savon DigiSote -hankkeissa (ESR) kehitettiin sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollon digitaalisia palveluja ja ammattilaisten osaamista. Hankesuunnittelussa luotiin käsite eAmmattilainen. Kehittämistyön tarkoituksena oli kuvata eAmmattilaisen tarvetta, tehtäviä ja osaamista sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollossa. Kehittämistyön menetelminä käytettiin nopeita kokeiluja ja työpajatyöskentelyä. Kokeilujen tavoitteena oli kehittää sosiaali- ja terveyspalveluja ja tunnistaa digitalisaation edellyttämät osaamistarpeet. Aineistoina eAmmattilaisen osaamisen määrittelyyn olivat hankkeiden tulevaisuustyöpajojen (n = 3) ja valmennustyöpajojen (n = 3) materiaalit ja digitaalisten palvelujen kokeiluraportit (n = 7), teemahaastattelut (n = 17) julkisen, yksityisen ja kolmannen sektorin johtotason edustajille hyvinvointialalla sekä asiantuntija-arviointi (n = 35) osaamisalueista ja -vaatimuksista. Tulevaisuustyöpajoihin osallistui sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollon ammattilaisten lisäksi asiakkaita, ICT-ammattilaisia, sosiaali- ja terveysalan opettajia sekä muiden hankkeiden edustajia (n = 73). Valmennustyöpajoihin osallistui sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollon ammattilaisia ja esimiehiä (n = 70). Tekstimuotoinen aineisto analysoitiin induktiivisella sisällön analyysillä. Asiantuntija-arvioinnissa vastaajat arvioivat osaamisvaatimusten relevanttiutta ja esittivät korjaamistarpeita. eAmmattilaisen osaaminen nähtiin erikoisosaamisena, joka muodostui kahdeksasta osa-alueesta ja 34 osaamisvaatimuksesta. Osaamisalueista ja -vaatimuksista muodostettiin myös eAmmattilaisen osaamiskartta osaamisen arviointia varten. eAmmattilaiset kehittävät organisaatioissaan työtä ja digitaalisia palveluja sekä ohjaavat ja tukevat asiakkaita ja ammattilaisia käyttämään digitaalisia palveluja. Osa sosiaali- ja terveysalan ammattilaisista tarvitsee valmennuksen eAmmattilaisiksi. Täydennyskoulutuksena toteutettava modulaarinen valmennus mahdollistaa tarvelähtöisen ja työhön kiinnittyvän osaamisen kehittymisen kohti eAmmattilaisuutta.
Hoitotyöntekijöiden näkemyksiä lääkehoidon hallintajärjestelmän tuesta ammattimaiseen ja turvalliseen lääkehoitoon
Authors: Santavirta Jenni , Kuusisto Anne , Saranto Kaija , Suominen Tarja , Asikainen Paula
Published: June 2020

Turvallinen lääkehoito on keskeinen osa sairaanhoitajan työtä. Turvallista lääkehoitoa on tutkittu lääkitysvirheiden avulla, mutta turvallista ja ammattimaista lääkehoitoa tukevista asioista on vähemmän aiempaa tutkimustietoa. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on kuvata hoitotyöntekijöiden näkemyksiä siitä, mikä nykyisessä lääkehoidon hallintajärjestelmässä tukee turvallista ja ammattimaista lääkehoitoa. Lääkehoidon hallintajärjestelmällä tarkoitetaan kaikkia lääkehoidon antamista ja siihen liittyviä toimenpiteitä ohjaavia ja tukevia organisaation rakenteita ja käytäntöjä.

Tutkimus toteutettiin yhdessä Suomen keskussairaalassa. Aineisto kerättiin kaksoiskäännetyn Medication Administration System – Nurses Assesment Scale (MAS - NAS) -mittarin avoimen osion ja taustakysymysten avulla. Aineisto analysoitiin induktiivisella sisällönanalyysilla.

Turvallista lääkehoitoa tuki säilytyspaikan asianmukaisuus, tarvikkeiden tarpeenmukaisuus, lisätiedon saatavuus lääkkeistä, sähköisen järjestelmän hyödyllisyys ja hyvä käytettävyys, potilaskohtaisten tietojen saatavuus, lääkityksen varmistusmahdollisuus, tarkistuskäytäntöjen ja lääkehoidon osa-alueestaan vastuun kantaminen. Ammattimaista lääkehoitoa tuki yhteistyössä toimiminen ja ajan tasalla pysyminen.

Tukeakseen turvallista lääkehoitoa johtajien tehtävänä on tarjota lääkkeille asianmukaiset säilytystilat ja hoitotyöntekijöiden käyttöön tarvittavat tarvikkeet sekä sellaiset välineet, että lääkityksessä tarvittavat tiedot ovat saatavilla ja lääkitys on mahdollista varmistaa. Tarkistuskäytännöt tulee ottaa käyttöön ja varmentaa, että kaikki tuntevat lääkehoidon vastuunsa. Sähköisen järjestelmän hyvä käytettävyys ja hyödyllisyys hoitotyöntekijöille on keskeistä turvalliselle lääkehoidolle. Ammattimaista lääkehoitoa vahvistavat tiedon jakaminen ja esimiesten kannustus yhteistyössä toimimiseen, kouluttautumiseen ja aktiiviseen tiedonhakuun.
Lääkintälaitteiden valmistajien valmistautuminen uuteen lääkintälaiteasetukseen (MDR)
Authors: Huusko Juhamatti , Kinnunen Ulla-Mari , Saranto Kaija
Published: June 2020

Markkinoilla on enenevässä määrin lääkintälaitteita, joita käytetään potilaiden hoidossa ja potilaan itsensä suorittamassa omahoidossa. Tämä vaatii lainsäätäjiltä lainsäädännön ajantasaistamista. Lainsäädännön yksi keskeisin tarkoitus on potilasturvallisuuden varmistaminen.

Vuonna 2017 Euroopan parlamentti ja neuvosto antoivat asetuksen (2017/745) lääkintälaitteista (engl. Medical Device Regulation, MDR), joka astui voimaan toukokuussa 2017. Sen siirtymäaikaa on vuoden 2020 toukokuuhun asti, ja se korvaa aikaisemmin voimassa olleen lääkintälaitedirektiivin (93/42/ETY).

Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli kartoittaa, minkälaista tietoa Suomessa toimivien lääkintälaitteiden valmistajilla on uudesta lääkintälaiteasetuksesta (2017/745) ja kuinka ne hankkivat lisää tietoa ennen siirtymäajan loppua. Tutkimusaineisto kerättiin kyselylomakkeella Suomessa toimivilta lääkintälaitteiden valmistajilta vuoden 2019 huhtikuussa. Kyselylomake muodostettiin Webropol-ohjelmistolla ja vastaanottajille (N=287) lähetettiin linkki kyselylomakkeeseen. Tämän lisäksi vastauslinkkiä jaettiin sosiaalisessa mediassa. Kyselyyn vastasi lääkintälaitteiden valmistajien edustajia (n=60) ympäri Suomea.

Tämä tutkimus osoitti, että tieto uuteen lääkintälaiteasetukseen (2017/745) liittyen on pirstaloitunutta ja yritykset joutuvat hakemaan tietoa useasta eri lähteestä. Yritysten mielestä tietoa on kuitenkin saatavana ja osaamisen taso on hyvää yritysten keskuudessa. Yritykset hankkivat huomattavassa määrin osaamista itsenäisesti opiskellen, mutta myös kouluttautuvat osallistumalla muun muassa Healthtech Finlandin ja regulaatiopalveluita tarjoavien asiantuntijayritysten järjestämiin koulutuksiin. Suuremmat yritykset ovat pienempiä yrityksiä paremmin valmistautuneita ja tietoisia uudesta lääkintälaiteasetuksesta (2017/745). Tämän tutkimuksen perusteella voidaan todeta, että uuden lääkintälaiteasetuksen (2017/745) alkuperäinen aikataulu oli haastava. Tähän tutkimukseen osallistuneista yrityksistä neljäsosalla oli rekisteröity lääkintälaitteita Iso-Britanniaan.
Kontribusi Keputusan Operasi dalam Pencapaian Keunggulan Bersaing Biaya Rendah (Low Cost) pada Monica Collection Semarang
Authors: Kusdiartini Veronica , Soekesi Agustine Eva Maria , Prapti Meniek Srining , Perstianto Bayu
Published: June 2020

This research result gives contribution to Decision on Operation in achieving  Low Cost Competitive Advantage in Monica Collection Semarang. Realizing this objective, it should be conducted research in operation decision supporting Monica Collection company to achieve its competitive advantage based on low cost. In this research it was found that there was operation decision conducted which supporting this low cost competitive advantage.