bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
History of translation / História da Tradução, de Samuel Johnson
Authors: Johnson Samuel , Althoff Gustavo , Furlan Mauri
Published: August 2017

Samuel Johnson (1709-1784) foi um intelectual multifário cuja fama atravessou os séculos após a publicação de seu monumental e pioneiro Dictionary of the English Language, de 1755, uma das grandes conquistas da cultura de língua inglesa, obra de referência compulsória por mais de um século até a publicação do imenso Oxford English Dictionary a partir de 1888. Nesse ensaio, Johnson reúne fragmentos da história da tradução e os expõe cronologicamente, mesclando a eles os seus juízos sobre o estado da atividade em cada época. Começa pelos Gregos, passa pelos Romanos, trata dos Árabes, informa o estado de confusão propiciado pelos bárbaros, descreve o humor da Idade Média e aponta a luz que a sucedeu, até a tradução chegar a Inglaterra, assunto da segunda metade do ensaio. Rajadas curtas de crônica histórica interpostas por juízos de valor a culminar, ao fim, numa visão da tradução não tão estranha aos artistas que a ela se dedicam ainda hoje.
Traduzir línguas sem padrão: variação e norma no catalão do século XIX
Authors: Calvo del Olmo Francisco
Published: August 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-4237.2014n16p33Este artigo examina especificidades decorrentes em projetos de tradução que propõem trabalhar com textos escritos em línguas sem padrão ou escassamente padronizadas. Para tanto, problematizamos algumas especificidades relevadas em um corpus de poesia em língua catalã do século XIX. Primeiramente, apresentamos de maneira concisa o contexto histórico, linguístico, literário e cultural dos territórios de línguas catalã durante a segunda metade do século XIX, época em que um grupo de intelectuais e escritores reivindica a língua a partir do uso que eles próprios fazem do idioma. Em seguida, mostramos algumas das dificuldades encontradas por esses autores ao usarem uma língua sem padrão como veiculo de expressão literária e fazemos uma classificação dos dialetalismos, vulgarismos, arcaísmos e estrangeirismos identificados. Por fim, propomos estratégias que considerem o espaço polilinguístico captado pelo texto fonte na língua de chegada.ABSTRACTThis paper examines specific issues arising on translation projects that propose to work with texts written in languages no or low standardized. Therefore, we question particular phenomena of a poetry corpus in Catalan language of the nineteenth century. First, we present concisely the historical, literary, linguistic and cultural context of Catalan territories during the second half of the nineteenth century, when a group of intellectuals and writers claim the language from the use they make own language. Right after, we reveal some of the difficulties encountered by these authors to use a nonstandard language as a vehicle of literary expression and make a classification of dialectalisms, vulgarisms, archaisms and loanwords in the texts. Finally, we propose strategies that consider the polilinguistic space captured by the source text in the target language.Keywords: nonstandard language; poetic translation; Catalan language.
Tecendo uma ideia crítica sobre a lusofonia em Timor-Leste: entre a política linguística de fato e a de direito
Authors: Silveira Alexandre Cohn da , Dias Christiane Da Silva
Published: August 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1984-8420.2015v16n2p139As turbulências históricas e políticas vivenciadas em Timor-Leste motivaram uma decisão política estatal pela co-oficialização da língua portuguesa no pequeno país multilíngue asiático. Esta decisão, no entanto, embora pretenda caracterizar o país como lusófono “de direito”, configura a criação de uma “comunidade imaginada” lusófona (ANDERSON, 2008) uma vez que as políticas linguísticas “de fato” revelam que a língua portuguesa está longe de constituir uma unanimidade nas práticas cotidianas, ocupando um lugar exógeno e distante para muitos indivíduos timorenses.  As relações de poder em suas instâncias macro e micro (FOUCAULT, 1997) produzem a emergência de uma língua que atenda interesses diversos, cumprindo inclusive papel segregante e uma hierarquização linguística. A reflexão proposta por este trabalho consiste na problematização acerca da presença do idioma lusitano em Timor-Leste e as tensões produzidas pelas relações de poder e pelos discursos conflitantes em defesa (ou não) do idioma. O corpus de análise consiste, além da base documental oficial de Timor-Leste, de depoimentos (oficiais e não oficiais) de cidadãos timorenses, pertencentes a diversos grupos sociais,  coletados em trabalho dos pesquisadores no país. O que se percebe é que Timor-Leste vive um dilema causado pelas questões institucionais sobre o projeto de uma lusofonia forçada o que faz com que os timorenses, em maior ou menor escala, vivenciem um apagamento de línguas, culturas e vozes nas políticas de língua adotadas.
Os discursos da EJA em florianópolis: cidadania, trabalho e controle
Authors: Raulino Samoel Valdemiro , Butturi Junior Atilio
Published: August 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1984-8420.2015v16n2p185Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os discursos de três documentos le­gais que regem a Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) enquanto modalidade de ensino no sistema municipal de ensino de Florianópolis, entendendo-os segundo a discussão dos dispositivos de governo, conforme os debates foucaultianos. Inicialmente, apresen­tamos algumas problematizações de ordem metodológica. Adiante, elaboramos um pa­norama discursivo dos discursos educacionais sobre a escolarização de jovens e adultos no cenário histórico brasileiro – partindo da época colonial até hoje. Depois disso, traça­mos as análises dos documento da EJA, interrogando-os segundo os discursos de forma­ção para o trabalho, cidadania e controle. Concluímos que permanece no discurso da EJA uma assunção do mito da educação e de um poder positivo que cinde formas de subjeti­vidade a partir da necessidade de formação – controlada e disciplinada – dos educandos.
A política da língua portuguesa em Guiné Equatorial
Authors: Leviski Charlott Eloize
Published: August 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1984-8420.2015v16n2p62A oficialização da língua portuguesa em Guiné Equatorial, país da África Central, e sua posterior vinculação à Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa é propósito de problematização neste artigo. A discussão se encaminha de uma perspectiva interdisciplinar entre história e linguística, em que se busca colocar em pauta a dimensão política da descrição linguística do fá d´ambô, língua falada em Ano Bom, um dos territórios pertencentes a Guiné Equatorial, o que forneceu prova de conexão com a cultura e língua portuguesa. Recorrendo a uma abordagem crítica, procurou-se refletir em que medida o resgate histórico da língua seria uma tentativa de estabelecer uma continuidade com um elo perdido, interpretando a política linguística de descrição e registro da língua por intermédio da tradição inventada de Hobsbawm (2015).
Evaluation of the association between disaster training and confidence in disaster response among graduate medical trainees: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Grock, MD Andrew , Aluisio, MD, MSc Adam R. , Abram, MD Elizabeth , Roblin, MS Patricia , Arquilla, DO Bonnie
Published: August 2017

Objective: Disasters by definition overwhelm the resources of a hospital and may require a response from a range of practitioners. Disaster training is part of emergency medicine (EM) resident curricula, but less emphasized in other training programs. This study aimed to compare disaster educational training and confidence levels among resident trainees from multiple specialties. Design: A structured questionnaire assessed graduate medical training in disaster education and self-perceived confidence in disaster situations. Cross-sectional sampling of resident trainees from the departments of surgery, pediatrics, internal medicine, and EM was performed. Setting: The study took place at a large urban academic medical center during March 2013.Participants: Among 331 available residents, a convenience sample of 157 (47.4 percent) was obtained.Main Outcome Measures: Outcomes investigated include resident confidence in various disaster scenarios, volume of disaster training currently received, and preferred education modality.Results: EM trainees reported 7.3 hours of disaster instruction compared to 1.3 hours in non-EM trainees (p < 0.001). EM residents reported significantly more confidence in disaster scenarios compared to non- EM residents except for overall low confidence levels for mega mass casualty incidents. The preferred education modality for both EM and non-EM residents was simulation exercises followed by lecture.Conclusions: This study demonstrated relatively lower confidence among non-EM residents in disaster response as well as lower number of disaster education time. These data report a learner preference for simulation training.
Risk perception and perceived self-efficacy of deaf and hard-of-hearing seniors and young adults in emergencies
Authors: Engelman, DrPH, MPH Alina , Ivey, MD, MHSA Susan L. , Tseng, PhD Winston , Neuhauser, DrPH, MPH Linda
Published: August 2017

Objectives: The authors explored the factors influencing risk perception and perceived self-efficacy before and during an emergency for deaf and hard-of-hearing (Deaf/HH) seniors and young adults.Methods: The authors collected demographic survey data and conducted four focus groups with 38 Deaf/HH residents of the San Francisco Bay Area; two groups were with young adults (ages 18-35), including one group of college students and one group of young professionals, and two were with older adults (ages 50-90).Results: Significant differences were found between Deaf/HH young adults and seniors in both the sources of self-efficacy and risk perception and their attitudes toward preparedness. All groups demonstrated high resilience. Deaf/HH young professionals expressed more concern about their risk in an emergency than Deaf/HH college students. Alternately, the risk perception of Deaf/HH older adults was often rooted in their past experiences (survival of past emergencies, inaccessibility of communications during drills).Conclusions: Policy implications include the need to dedicate more resources to increasing accessibility and relevance of emergency communications technology for Deaf/HH populations. This could help increase adaptability before, during, and after emergencies among all groups of Deaf/HH people, particularly among young Deaf/HH professionals.
Family emergency plan and preparedness among medical practitioners in Zaria, Nigeria
Authors: Makama, MBBS, FWACS, FACS Jerry Godfrey , Joshua, MBBS, MPH Istifanus Anekoson , Makama, RN, RM, PGDDRMDS, MDRMDS Elizabeth Jerry
Published: August 2017

Background: There has been an increase in the incidence of disasters in many parts of the world. Similarly, Nigeria has witnessed a recent increase of man-made disaster events such as plane crash, fire incidents, flood, and building collapse, including bomb blast orchestrated by terrorists that often create emergency situations. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate family emergency plan and preparedness among medical practitioners in Zaria.Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study (May-July, 2013) of medical practitioners in Zaria, Nigeria. The structured questionnaire sought the socio-demographic features of the respondents, the availability of emergency gate(s) in the house, education of safety measures within and outside the house, well-known located shut-off devices for gases, electricity, and water in the house, and written document/policy in the event of disaster. Also, planned orientations/ drills/sensitizations, whether there is contact information of family members and supporting agencies.Results: Majority of the respondents were male 56 (80.0 percent) and fall within the age group of 46-50 years (20.0 percent). Only 8.6 percent admitted having an unwritten policy on emergency management in their houses. Similarly, only 8.6 percent do create time to teach their family members on emergency management. Only 27 (38.6 percent) had emergency supplies kits and among this group, water appears to be the most essential component that the respondents had paid attention to, leaving out special items. The communication plans of respondents to likely supportive services/agencies during disaster showed that majority had contact address or have affirmative plans for hospital and ambulance services than for radio and television stations.Conclusion: Family emergency plans and preparedness among medical practitioners in Zaria are extremely low. There is a gap between knowledge of what need to be done to enhance preparedness and internalizing preparedness recommendations in the study area.
Women’s status in disasters: A gap between experts’ desk and affected fields of Iran
Authors: Sohrabizadeh, PhD Sanaz
Published: August 2017

Although international agreements have achieved significant milestones in the improvement of women’s status, experiences from the fields show a discrepancy between words and actions. The aim of this brief communication was to identify the gap between experts’ perceptions and the findings of a large qualitative field survey on women’s status in the recent natural disasters of Iran. A total of 10 experts were asked to fill a checklist, which consisted of the concepts extracted from field data. The range of agreement between experts’ perceptions and field data was between 40 and 100 percent. In conclusion, although literature review and international research papers can provide appropriate information for both experts and managers, meeting the various needs of women living in the affected regions requires field-based surveys.
Een blik vanuit de marge
Authors: Nout Senne , Smiet Katrine
Published: August 2017

A View from the Margins. A Situated Intersectional Perspective in Philosophy

In this article, we introduce a situated intersectional perspective as an approach to look critically at the ways in which philosophical knowledge is constructed, and to question what disappears from sight in the process. ‘Intersectionality’ and ‘situated knowledges’ are two concepts that have been developed within feminist scholarship. While they have been taken up widely in gender studies and other social science disciplines, their reception within the field of philosophy has been limited. However we contend this approach has a lot to offer philosophy, and can serve as a fruitful strategic tool for making difference visible within philosophical discussions. After introducing and contextualizing these central concepts, the article puts a situated intersectional perspective in practice through an analysis of Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology of the body. Looking at Merleau-Ponty’s theory through this lens shows both how his thought on the body is shaped through his own historical and geo-political situatedness, as well as the intersectional blind spots that this situatedness brings with it. We argue that this case study demonstrates the importance of diverse voices and perspectives within the field, not in order to dismiss Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology, but rather in order to use it as a starting point for a multiplicity of embodied experiences. By opening up a space for critical reflection on one’s own situation and recognizing the partiality of our perspectives, a situated intersectional perspective challenges exclusionary tendencies in philosophy.
Filosoferen over littekens
Authors: Slatman Jenny
Published: August 2017

Philosophizing on Scars: Plea for a Material Turn in Phenomonology

In this paper, I provide a philosophical reflection on the meaning of scars while drawing on phenomenological studies of the body. According to Husserl and Merleau-Ponty, the body as Leib or corps vécu (lived body) functions as a transcendental condition for world disclosure. Because of this transcendental reasoning, phenomenological studies concerning embodiment often prioritize a form of embodied subjectivity that is virtually immaterial. Endowing meaning to one’s world by becoming engaged in actions and projects is most successful when one’s body is ‘absent,’ ‘transparent,’ or, at least, if it is not in the center of one’s attention. This taken-for-granted nature can be disturbed by discomfort, disability, and disfigurement. Habituation to these kinds of disturbances aims at maintaining or restoring the body’s taken-for-grantedness. Successful restoration of this taken-for-grantedness is mostly understood in terms of incorporation. My analysis of the case of a woman who successfully habituated to her mastectomy scar demonstrates, however, that habituation to a perceptible scar can be understood only partly in terms of incorporation. Next to a decrease of explicit attention for the scar and the discomfort it produces (i.e. incorporation), the scar should also stop being a sign that refers to something else than itself. This is only possible, I argue, by taking the body’s materiality seriously, rather than it being wiped out as a result of transcendental reasoning.
Más sobre la muerte de Turno
Authors: Estefanía Dulce
Published: August 2017

En este artículo se analiza desde la intertextualidad homérica y la intratextualidad de la Eneida el episodio final del poema prescindiendo de interpretaciones extraliterarias.
Los clásicos grecolatinos de la Biblioteca Universal de Joaquín Pi y Margall (II)
Authors: Castro de Castro J. David
Published: August 2017

Este trabajo se enmarca en el estudio de la divulgación de los clásicos grecolatinos por medio de traducciones publicadas en colecciones españolas a lo largo de los siglos XIX y XX. Se centra en la Biblioteca Universal de Joaquín Pi y Margall, describiendo las características principales de la colección y las de los volúmenes de autores clásicos en ella publicados. La Biblioteca Universal tiene características peculiares que la convierten en un ejemplo representativo de un tipo determinado de divulgación, la dirigida a un público generalista gracias al mantenimiento de un precio muy económico. Los volúmenes en ella publicados lograron, por ello, una notable difusión, pero no sólo entre el público general, sino también entre los intelectuales de la época. Tras haber presentado en la primera parte del trabajo las características generales de la colección y las traducciones que en ella publicó Ángel Lasso de la Vega, abordamos ahora el resto de traductores y versiones y ofrecemos unas conclusiones sobre la relevancia de esta colección como vehículo de difusión de los clásicos.
Celebrating Bimal Krishna Matilal: A Give and Take
Authors: Spivak Gayatri Chakravorty
Published: August 2017

This article engages in a “culturally different” philosophical/narrative discourse by reading the epics of ancient India, Mahābhārata and Rāmāyana, as a narrative instantiation of philosophy. This is the result of my cross-disciplinary working relationship and friendship with Bimal Krishna Matilal (1935–1991), who was the Spalding Professor of Eastern Religions and Ethics at Oxford University. Combining Matilal's expertise in Indic rational critique and my own as a feminist reader animated by deconstruction, I present some of the results of this engagement before building on this to present the case of Madhusudana Saraswati, a sixteenth-century philosopher who introduced various radical elements into existing Hindu monasticism.
Born This Way? Time and the Coloniality of Gender
Authors: Draz Marie
Published: August 2017

The “born this way” narrative remains a popular way to defend nonnormative genders and sexualities in the United States. While feminist and queer theorists have critiqued the narrative's implicit ahistorical and essentialist understanding of sexuality, the narrative's incorporation by the state as a way to police gender identity has gone largely underdeveloped. I argue that transgender accounts of this narrative reorient it amid questions of temporality, race, colonialism, and the nation-state, thereby allowing for a critique that does justice to the enmeshment of categories of difference.
Life and Sexual Difference in Hegel and Beauvoir
Authors: Mussett Shannon M.
Published: August 2017

I argue that Simone de Beauvoir's chapter “Biological Data,” from The Second Sex, is grounded in her reading of Hegel's Philosophy of Nature. This reading reveals original formulations of her understanding of the concept of life, the relation of the individual organism to the species, and the supposed necessity of heterosexual reproduction. Beauvoir's strategic engagement with Hegel on the themes of organic life and the rational division of the sexes deepens our understanding of the complexity of Beauvoir's approach in The Second Sex and opens up radically different possibilities regarding the configuration and metaphysical necessity of human sexuality and reproduction.
Programmed to Fail? On the Limits of Inscription and the Generality of Writing
Authors: Goldgaber Deborah
Published: August 2017

In Of Grammatology, Derrida asserts the absolute generality of the trace, arguing that it pertains to life and its material basis. However, it has been difficult for Derrida's interpreters to identify the warrant for this generality claim. Recently, Martin Hägglund has offered an influential defense of the generality of the trace by grounding it in the form of finite life (survival). However, as Catherine Malabou's critique of the grammatological project suggests, any such attempt is programmed to fail. On her view, writing never was and never could be general; by linking the trace to the model of writing or inscription, Derrida limited the generality of the trace and its pertinence for any philosophical materialism. Materiality, Malabou argues, is what will always necessarily escape every model of inscription. To think the generality of the trace requires thinking a nongraphic trace. Insofar as Malabou's notion of “plasticity” does this, it should be understood as heir to Derrida's notion of writing. However, I argue, Derrida's notion of “writing” was always already nongraphic, or plastic in a way that Malabou and other interpreters have failed to factor.
Initiating Life: Agamben and the Political Use of Intimacy
Authors: Bordeleau Erik
Published: August 2017

What does it mean to initiate life? According to Giorgio Agamben, the question of initiating life concerns how we conceive and experiment with the “how” of a form of life. In short, it involves ways of envisaging an absolutely immanent life on the threshold of its political and ethical intensification. To follow Agamben's paradigmatic problematization, an initiated life is a life made inextricable from its manner or form—a form-of-life. It is within this practical and ethopoietical horizon of thought that I envisage Agamben's work here, on the lookout for what I call “signs of passion.” Signs of passion are what an initiated life is composed of; they are inherently precarious and participate in a political use of intimacy in which a form-of-life nurtures and preserves its sense of nonknowledge and the generative limits of its own (absence of) mystery.
BALANÇO HÍDRICO CLIMATOLÓGICO: PRECIPITAÇÃO E EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIA ESTIMADAS COM METODOLOGIA ALTERNATIVA
Authors: Souza Jorge Luiz Moretti , Jerszurki Daniela , Schafer Rossana , Gurski Bruno Cesar , Schafer Herbert
Published: August 2017

Teve-se por objetivo analisar o desempenho de balanços hídricos diários calculados a partir das variáveis de entrada precipitação (P) e evapotranspiração de referência (ETo), estimadas de forma alternativa, em comparação com a metodologia padrão. Para tanto, foram obtidas medidas de P em um pluviômetro padrão do tipo Ville de Paris e em um pluviômetro alternativo constituído de garrafa PET. Para a estimativa da ETo foram empregados o método padrão de Penman-Monteith e o método alternativo de Camargo. Para fins de comparação entre as metodologias padrão (pluviômetro Ville de Paris – PVP e ETo pelo método de Penman-Monteith – EToPM) e alternativa (pluviômetro alternativo – PA e ETo pelo método de Camargo – EToCM) foram calculados balanços hídricos diários entre julho de 2008 e janeiro de 2009, na região de Curitiba, Paraná. Os balanços hídricos foram comparados pelo erro absoluto da deficiência hídrica (DEF). O desempenho do balanço hídrico realizado com a metodologia alternativa, em comparação com a metodologia padrão, depende da água disponível no solo (AD) e da combinação do grau de acerto (associação e exatidão) com que os métodos alternativos estimam P e ETo. As componentes do balanço hídrico alternativo em relação ao padrão (DEF; evapotranspiração real – ER; e, armazenamento de água no solo – ARM) têm maiores desvios para períodos quentes e com ocorrência de P insuficiente para manter o armazenamento da água no solo próximo da zona úmida. Os resultados indicaram que, para diferentes regiões, métodos alternativos devem ser testados individualmente e em conjunto com algum tipo de metodologia, quando de sua recomendação e utilização.
BALANÇO DE ONDAS CURTAS SOBRE FLORESTA SAZONALMENTE ALAGÁVEL DO PANTANAL MATO-GROSSENSE
Authors: Querino Carlos Alexandre Santos , Biudes Marcelo Sacardi , Machado Nadja Gomes , Querino Juliane Kayse A. da Silva , Santos Neto Luiz Alves , Da Silva Marcelo José Gama , De Arruda Paulo Henrique Zanella , Nogueira José De Souza
Published: August 2017

A determinação e o entendimento do Balanço de Ondas Curtas (BOC) na interface biosfera-atmosfera é fundamental para se entender os principais processos de ordem física, química e biológica na superfície terrestre. O objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar a radiação solar global, o albedo superficial e o balanço de ondas curtas sobre uma área sazonalmente alagável no Pantanal. Os dados foram coletados em uma torre micrometeorológica instalada no Centro Avançado de Pesquisas da Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, no Parque Baía das Pedras da Estância Ecológica SESC – Pantanal, entre novembro de 2013 até outubro de 2014. Houve influência direta do regime pluviométrico em todas as variáveis durante o período de estudo. A menor quantidade de precipitação durante a estação chuvosa e a maior durante a estação seca, em relação a normal climatológica, proporcionaram redução e aumento, respectivamente, na radiação solar incidente. Outra consequência do déficit pluviométrico na estação chuvosa e da anomalia positiva da precipitação na estação seca foi a inversão do albedo superficial entre as estações. As maiores médias do albedo superficial ocorreram durante a estação chuvosa e as menores na estação seca. A radiação solar incidente teve menor média durante o período vespertino que no período matutino ao longo de todo ano, o que indica que houve uma intensificação na formação de nuvens no período vespertino na região. Por fim, ressalta-se que o BOC foi fortemente influenciado pela variação sazonal e horária, tanto das componentes da radiação solar incidente quanto refletida.
Nurses knowledge and attitudes to individuals who self-harm: A quantitative exploration
Authors: J Vine , L Shahwan-Akl , P Maude , LK Jones , A Kimpton
Published: August 2017

Objective: Self-injury can be described as the deliberate destruction of the body without the intent to die, and is a distinct clinical presentation needing to be assessed separately from suicide and para-suicide. Nurses attitude to self-injury is a largely unexplored area particularly within Australia. The aim of this paper is to explore Australian general and mental health nurses’ attitudes towards self-injury taking into account their preparation as registered nurses (RNs) or enrolled nurses (ENs) and length of experience.Methods: This was a mixed methods exploratory design study. Phase one used a combination of two established surveys, the Self-Harm Antipathy Scale (SHAS) and the Attitudes Towards Deliberate Self-Harm Questionnaire (ATDSHQ). Nurses who were either RNs or ENs, mental health educated (MHE) or not, working in the area of mental health or emergency departments (ED) were recruited through a number of professional nursing organisations. A total of 172 nurses completed the phase one online questionnaire. The results of this survey are reported in this paper.Results: The key findings indicated a significant relationship between years of mental health nursing experience and mental health nursing qualification. A significant difference was noted in the knowledge level of self-injury between the mental health nurses who had a greater knowledge compared to those who were not mental health educated. Lastly, the attitudes of nurses to self-injury were generally found to be positive.Conclusions: These results extend much of what is in the literature on knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of nurses to non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and place these results in an Australian context. Further research to assess the effectiveness of increased education and community engagement should be undertaken.
Inflammation Mediators Related to Periodontal Disease and Pregnancy Outcomes: A Call for Quality of Antenatal Care While Promising Evidences Are Emerging
Authors: Faquim Juliana Pereira da Silva , Oliveira Ana Paula De Lima , Silva Marcelo José Barbosa , Frazão Paulo
Published: August 2017

Infections may play a significant role in the induction of births and prematurity. Periodontal disease could be a risk factor for pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth, and low birth weight. Possible mechanisms of this relationship are the production of inflammatory mediators and cytokines like C-reactive protein (CRP), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), matrix metalloproteinases, interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alfa (TNF-a); the translocation of periodontal pathogens to the feto-placental unit through blood stream, a periodontal reservoir of lipopolysaccharides (LPS); and shared risk factors. Although this knowledge is just emerging, it has important implications for the health services and the healthcare delivery model. Committed health teams to an interprofessional collaborative work within the health services can raise the quality of antenatal care. Population strategies directed to prevent and control periodontal disease can increase the periodontal health of the majority of people and affect positively risk groups. These inexpensive basic measures joined with other actions at different levels could enhance the quality of antenatal care and contribute for favorable pregnancy outcomes. Further researches need to clarify the evidences on those relationships.
De gelijkwaardige voorziening: geen gezeik iedereen rijk?
Authors: Jansen Niels
Published: August 2017

De gelijkwaardige voorziening: geen gezeik iedereen rijk?

De gelijkwaardige voorziening leek na anderhalf jaar Wwz veroordeeld tot een anoniem bestaan, maar niets blijkt minder waar. De oogst van het huidige kalenderjaar tot heden: vijf uitspraken en een controversieel verklaard wetsvoorstel. Al met al genoeg reden deze rechtsfiguur aan een nader onderzoek te onderwerpen. In deze bijdrage worden onder meer enkele voor de praktijk relevante knelpunten besproken.
Bibliotherapy-based Wellness Program for Healthcare Providers: Using Books and Reading to Create a Healthy Workplace
Authors: Tukhareli Natalia
Published: August 2017

Within the context of benefits of a healthy workplace, bibliotherapy is seen as an effective way of promoting health and wellness to hospital employees. The paper will present a detailed description of an innovative informational and recreational bibliotherapy-based reading program for healthcare providers developed and implemented by a Health Sciences library, in collaboration with the Occupational Health department. The methodology involved an extensive review of the bibliotherapy research and best practices in the UK and North America. The mechanics, benefits, and challenges of the program will be discussed. The program evaluation included an internal survey to the hospital employees. The evaluation results show that the bibliotherapy program has provided a new venue to address work-related stress and promote health, well-being, and resilience within the organization. Moreover, it helped to expand opportunities for collaborative projects and partnerships for the library as well as increase visibility of the library within the organization.
Natural Fibres From the Bark of Mulberry Branches for Textile Application
Authors: Dong Zhen , Ding Zhirong , Zhang Shengyi , Zhang Yao , Fan Hongxuan , Yang Yanyan
Published: August 2017

Fibers with low gum content were extracted from the bark of mulberry branches by a combination of bacteria and peroxide treatments. The bark of mulberry branches, with 30% cellulose, is a copious and inexpensive source of natural fibers. However, fibers extracted by microwave, enzyme or alkali had a high gum content (15.5% for hemicellulose and 8.6% for lignin), which rendered them difficult to be made into high- value textiles. In this research, strains with high polygalacturonase activities and subsequent hydrogen peroxide decreased the hemicellulose content to 2.5% and lignin content to 2.4%. Mulberry fibers in our study could be spun into yarns with a fineness of 18.2 tex. Compared to flax yarns, mulberry fiber yarns had a tenacity 20% higher, an elongation 18% higher and an unevenness 30% lower. Cotton/mulberry fiber fabrics had softer and smoother hand than cotton/flax fabrics. Overall, the fibers in our study show better potential for industrial textile applications than those in previous studies.
A Statistical Review of Alternative Zinc and Copper Extraction from Mineral Fertilizers and Industrial By-Products
Authors: Cenciani de Souza Camila Prado , Aparecida de Abreu Cleide , Coscione Aline Renée , Alberto de Andrade Cristiano , Teixeira Luiz Antonio Junqueira , Consolini Flavia
Published: August 2017

Rapid, accurate, and low-cost alternative analytical methods for micronutrient quantification in fertilizers are fundamental in QC. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) content in mineral fertilizers and industrial by-products determined by the alternative methods USEPA 3051a, 10% HCl, and 10% H2SO4 are statistically equivalent to the standard method, consisting of hot-plate digestion using concentrated HCl. The commercially marketed Zn and Cu sources in Brazil consisted of oxides, carbonate, and sulfate fertilizers and by-products consisting of galvanizing ash, galvanizing sludge, brass ash, and brass or scrap slag. The contents of sources ranged from 15 to 82% and 10 to 45%, respectively, for Zn and Cu. The Zn and Cu contents refer to the variation of the elements found in the different sources evaluated with the concentrated HCl method as shown in Table 1. A protocol based on the following criteria was used for the statistical analysis assessment of the methods: F-test modified by Graybill, t-test for the mean error, and linear correlation coefficient analysis. In terms of equivalents, 10% HCl extraction was equivalent to the standard method for Zn, and the results of the USEPA 3051a and 10% HCl methods indicated that these methods were equivalents for Cu. Therefore, these methods can be considered viable alternatives to the standard method of determination for Cu and Zn in mineral fertilizers and industrial by-products in future research for their complete validation.
Development and Validation of an HPLC–UV Method to Quantify Tavaborole During in Vitro Transungual Permeation Studies
Authors: Tampucci Silvia , Terreni Eleonora , Burgalassi Susi , Chetoni Patrizia , Monti Daniela
Published: August 2017

A selective and rapid reversed-phase HPLC–UV method was developed and validated to quantify tavaborole (TAV; AN2690) in biological samples, i.e., in receiving phase and in bovine hoof membrane extract derived from in vitro transungual permeation studies. A simple solid–liquid extraction procedure was used to recover the drug from the bovine hoof slices. TAV chromatographic separation was achieved on a Luna PFP column (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) using a mobile phase consisting of a 70% phosphoric acid solution (10 mM, pH 2.0) with 30% acetonitrile. The detection wavelength was set to 220 nm using a UV detector. The method exhibited good linearity in the calibration ranges, which were 0.5–8.0 and 0.03–2.5 μg/mL for the receiving phase and hoof membranes, respectively. The obtained LOD and LOQ values were 0.023 and 0.069 μg/mL, respectively, for the receiving phase and 0.0024 and 0.007 μg/mL for the bovine hoof membrane extracts. In all cases, the CV for intraday and interday precision was widely below the limit of 2%, demonstrating good precision. The analytical method described was sensitive, precise, linear, and accurate and could be applicable for clinical and bioanalytical studies as an alternative to other analytical methods, which are quite expensive and not always available in research laboratories.
Novel Approach for the Simultaneous Determination of Carbinoxamine Maleate, Pholcodine, and Ephedrine Hydrochloride Without Interference from Coloring Matter in an Antitussive Preparation Using Smart Spectrophotometric Methods
Authors: Moustafa Azza A , Hegazy Maha A , Mohamed Dalia , Ali Omnia
Published: August 2017

The presence of coloring matters in syrups usually interferes with the spectrophotometric determination of active pharmaceutical ingredients. A novel approach was introduced to eliminate the interference of sunset yellow (coloring matter) in Cyrinol syrup. Smart, simple, accurate, and selective spectrophotometric methods were developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of a ternary mixture of carbinoxamine maleate, pholcodine, and ephedrine hydrochloride in syrup. Four of the applied methods used ratio spectra: successive derivative subtraction coupled with constant multiplication, successive derivative of ratio spectra, ratio subtraction coupled with ratio difference, and ratio spectra continuous wavelet transforms zero-crossing. In addition, a method that was based on the presence of an isosbestic point, the amplitude summation method, was also established. A major advantage of the proposed methods is the simultaneous determination of the mentioned drugs without prior separation steps. These methods were successfully applied for the determination of laboratory-prepared mixtures and a commercial pharmaceutical preparation without interference from additives, thus proving the selectivity of the methods. No significant difference regarding both accuracy and precision was observed upon statistical comparison of the results obtained by the proposed methods with each other and with those of official or reported ones.
An HPLC Method for the Determination of Isoflavones and the Evaluation of Their Antioxidant Capacity in Both Homogeneous and Microheterogeneous Systems
Authors: Montero Guillermo , Günther Germán , Valdés Karina , Arriagada Francisco , Morales Javier
Published: August 2017

In this work, we developed an HPLC method to simultaneously quantify and hence evaluate the stability, distribution, and antioxidant capacity of six isoflavones: genistein, genistin, daidzein, daidzin, glycitin, and biochanin A. Isoflavones have been described as having an important estrogenic activity to treat menopausal symptoms and can reduce postmenopausal bone loss and also participate in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. These beneficial properties are believed derived from their capacity to act as free-radical scavengers. Isoflavones are formulated in capsules and creams and also can be used as antioxidants in liposomes. HPLC separation was achieved on an Agilent Hypersil ODS C18 column. The mobile phase consisted of 0.02–0.2% orthophosphoric acid in water–acetonitrile with gradient elution. The diode array detector was operated at 260 nm. The hydrophobicity of isoflavones was determined through their distribution in octanol–buffer. These results allowed us to establish a relation between chemical structure, pKa, lipophilicity, and the characteristics of the dispersion medium. Photolysis of hydrogen peroxide was used to measure the HO• scavenging capability of isoflavones. In liposomes, the order of reactivity of the studied compounds was genistein > biochanin A > genistin > daidzein > daidzin > glycitin.
General Steps to Standardize the Laboratory Measurement of Serum Total 25-Hydroxyvitamin D
Authors: Sempos Christopher T , Betz Joseph M , Camara Johanna E , Carter Graham D , Cavalier Etienne , Clarke Michael W , Dowling Kirsten G , Durazo-Arvizu Ramon A , Hoofnagle Andrew N , Liu Andy , Phinney Karen W , Sarafin Kurtis , Wise Stephen A , Coates Paul M
Published: August 2017

The Vitamin D Standardization Program (VDSP) has collaborated with numerous groups and agencies to assemble a set of tools, i.e., a reference measurementsystem, that can be used to establish the traceability of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] assays to relevant reference measurement procedures and reference materials. This is done with the goal of verifying end-user laboratory performance using precise statistical criteria to determine whether a specific assay isstandardized. The purpose of this paper was to outline a set of steps that routine clinical and researchlaboratories can use to standardize their 25(OH)D assays using these tools. These steps apply to laboratories using commercially developed immunoassay measurement systems as well as in-house assays, usually based on high HPLC or LC tandem MS measurement systems. The steps are (1) initial calibration, (2) initial assessment of accuracy and bias, (3) assessment of total percent CV and mean bias, (4)use of trueness controls, and (5) participation in accuracy-based performance testing and/or external quality assessment schemes. The goal of each laboratory assay is to have a total CV of ≤10% and mean bias of ≤5%. Rigorous and less rigorous but low-cost options for meeting thesestatistical criteria are provided. Research laboratories who infrequently measure 25(OH)D are advised torepeat steps 1–4 for every measurement cycle.For users of commercial immunoassays who have relatively little control over standardization, we presentan option for using trueness controls to develop a master equation that can be used to standardize results to the reference methods.
Sensibilisation d’étudiants en formation des adultes au maniement de la zone proximale de développement
Authors: Montandon Christiane
Published: August 2017

L’enjeu de cette formation réside dans une double démarche d’expérimentation, sur soi et sur autrui, des instruments psychologiques fournis par le Programme d’Enrichissement Instrumental (PEI). Cette méthode développementale fondée sur les médiations sémiotiques énumérées par Vygotski vise à opérationnaliser la façon d’intervenir dans la zone proximale de développement (ZPD) à partir d’une liste de paramètres caractéristiques des différents processus d’apprentissage. Après avoir repéré sur lui-même les moments de restructuration cognitive suscitée par ces instruments, l’étudiant choisit les outils correspondant aux besoins cognitifs des élèves lors de son stage, pour rendre opérationnel le maniement de la ZPD, dans sa triple dimension, théorique, méthodologique et pédagogique. L’écriture par l’étudiant d’un dossier de terrain s’avère un transformateur cognitif déterminant, qui lui fait prendre conscience de la nécessité de lier carte cognitive et ZPD et contribue à développer chez lui une posture réflexive. Enfin la pluridimensionnalité de la carte cognitive facilite une intervention différenciée du formateur pour gérer les trajectoires développementales diversifiées des apprenants: cette gestion collective de leurs différences de potentialités nous incite à proposer le terme de ZGDP, zone groupale de développement le plus proche.
O papel do direito para garantir acesso à cultura na sociedade da informação
Authors: Proner Carol , Alcântara Pereira Larissa
Published: August 2017

A experiência de quase uma década na aplicação da Lei 9.610/98 vem demonstrandosua insuficiência em atender às demandas de acesso à cultura, o que ficou ainda mais evidente com a disseminação da prática de circulação de obras intelectuais em meio digital.A realidade tecnológica evidencia um conflito constitucional atualmente sem solução:a colisão entre a proteção dos interesses do investidor e do criador e o princípio do usosocial das propriedades em benefício da coletividade, o que denota a necessidade e importânciade se reanalisar o instituto da propriedade intelectual, bem como o papel doDireito na resolução dos conflitos advindos desta realidade, denominada sociedade dainformação. Considerando que muitas são as formas de se fomentar a inclusão tecnológica,promovendo o acesso à informação (efetividade do direito à cultura), sendo quenem todas dependerão somente da iniciativa estatal, propõe-se a adoção da política docommons, que consiste no “espírito da dádiva”, em que a informação é um bem público e,ao mesmo tempo, insumo do seu próprio processo de produção.
Desenvolvimento e direito de autor na sociedade de informação
Authors: Costa José Augusto Fontoura , Sola Fernanda
Published: August 2017

Este trabalho é um ensaio sobre a interação entre os conceitos de desenvolvimento, direitos de propriedade intelectual, principalmente os direitos de autor, e as transformações resultantes da sociedade de informação. Considerando que os serviços e os bens imateriais são as mais importantes fontes de riqueza, a estrutura jurídica dos direitos de propriedade intelectual e os gastos governamentais para sua garanti a são dados que influem sobre a riqueza e o desenvolvimento. Portanto, é necessário compreender como os insti tutos e órgãos jurídicos conformam a circulação econômica de bens e serviços. Para tratar essa questão, este ensaio propõe uma análise multi disciplinar apoiada em conceitos jurídicos e econômicos, em especial com respeito à abordagem da análise econômica do direito para a avaliação dos regimes e insti tutos jurídicos.
Meio ambiente e desenvolvimento: análise do caso de parcelamento irregular do solo na perspectiva dos direitos humanos
Authors: Althaus Ingrid Giachini , Alberto Tiago Gagliano Pinto
Published: August 2017

Como resultado do advento de novos direitos, entre os quais os relacionados à perspecti va do desenvolvimento sustentável alusivo aos direitos humanos socioambientais, a sociedade passa por momento de adaptação em seara pública e privada. Nesse contexto, o parcelamento do solo urbano, se empreendido de maneira a atender as diretrizes legais e sociais, revela-se como meio apto a viabilizar o desenvolvimento pleno da sociedade e não o mero crescimento econômico. Ao revés, se realizado de maneira paralela ao ordenamento jurídico e desconsiderando parâmetros principiológicos hodiernos, ter-se-á não uma forma de evolução no trato dos direitos humanos relati vos ao ecodesenvolvimento, senão distribuição do solo que não atenda aos anseios sociais. O presente trabalho visa empreender análise acerca destes novos direitos e sua necessária correlação com o desenvolvimento do país por meio do parcelamento do solo urbano.
Psicologia do testemunho
Authors: Ambrosio Graziella
Published: August 2017

O testemunho de uma pessoa sobre um fato depende, essencialmente, de como ela percebeu esse acontecimento, de como sua memória o armazenou e o evocou e, ainda, do modo como esse fato pode ser expresso. Sobre esses processos psíquicos (percepção, memória e expressão) atuam uma série de fatores externos e internos ao indivíduo, como hábito, automati smo, memória temporal e tendência afeti va. Nesse senti do, a análise prévia do ti po de personalidade e das relações afeti vas da testemunha permite verifi car se o testemunho será ou não imparcial. Em outras palavras, é desvendar a intenção do testemunho, que pode ser vingança, compaixão, afeto, egoísmo, etc., podendo o interrogador aplicar técnicas, como o método centrípeto, para obter o exato esclarecimento dos fatos. Embora nenhum testemunho seja perfeito, é possível aferir o grau de fi dedignidade do relato da testemunha por meio dos instrumentos de análise psicológica.