bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Capacidad de absorción del conocimiento, aprendizaje y tecnologías de la información en las organizaciones: estado del arte y evolución de la investigación
Authors: Abarca Sánchez Yasser , Barreto Rivera Urbi
Published: November 2020

Esta investigación tiene por objetivo realizar el estado del arte de la capacidad de absorción del conocimiento, el aprendizaje y las tecnologías de la información (TI) en las organizaciones; las referencias estudiadas formulan relaciones entre las variables antes mencionadas de manera incipiente, por lo que el presente artículo sistematiza la información y propone una representación gráfica de complementariedad entre estas. La metodología empleada se basa en una revisión literaria, tipo sistémica, aplicando una búsqueda bibliométrica de las variables utilizando las bases de datos Scopus y Science Direct por medio de un análisis documentario, con un proceso analítico-sintético basado en la categorización de artículos acerca de la capacidad de absorción del conocimiento, capacidad de absorción del conocimiento y aprendizaje y finalmente capacidad de absorción del conocimiento y tecnologías de la información, utilizando para la selección final de artículos, criterios basados en población, unidad de análisis y año de publicación. Se tiene como resultado la elaboración de representaciones gráficas que esquematizan las variables de forma independiente, así como la relación entre ellas.
Rendimiento académico: universo muy complejo para el quehacer pedagógico
Authors: Tacilla  Cardenas Ingrid , Vásquez Villanueva Salomón , Verde Avalos Emilyn Elizabeth , Colque Díaz Eloy
Published: November 2020

Este trabajo tiene el objetivo de analizar los factores que inciden sobre el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes. En la actualidad, los estudios recientes muestran la problemática relacionada con este objeto de estudio; entre otros problemas, se destaca la metodología tradicional, los factores sociofamiliares, la falta de motivación y la automotivación. Por ello, este estudio enfatiza la definición del rendimiento académico: un conjunto de notas; el avance académico responde a diferentes factores de carácter biológico, psicológico, económico y sociológico. Por lo tanto, el rendimiento académico es un constructo básico, complejo y multidimensional en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, porque identifica el avance académico del estudiante y emite un juicio de valor. En conclusión, las evaluaciones, la metodología, los factores y el rol del docente están asociados directamente con el avance académico del estudiante.
Toxic Gaslighting: On the Ins and Outs of Pollution
Authors: Grandia Liza
Published: November 2020

Outdoor images predominate in cultural conceptions of “air pollution,” whilst indoor air quality (IAQ) is typically tenfold more contaminated.  Recent nonprofit research revealed that “green label” carpet contains up to 44 hazardous substances.  How and why do school administrators not know this?  When people speak colloquially about “toxic” schools, they typically refer to social environments whose power dynamics are manipulated by difficult people (bullies, narcissists, gaslighters, etc.). In this article, I borrow the cultural concept of gaslighting to query how and why the literal off-gassing of banal objects like carpet have escaped scientific inquiry.  In dialogue with recent innovative air studies in California that blur the boundaries of in/outdoor pollution, this auto-ethnographic paper chronicles a carpet controversy at “Beacon” Elementary, a bilingual school in the Central Valley.  Even as outdoor smoke from California wildfires in 2017 pushed PM2.5 levels past red into unprecedented magenta alerts, children were sickened inside school classrooms after new carpets were laid in 2017.  By “outing” internal school board communication through repeated public records requests, Beacon mothers discovered how a chemical risk manager on the board manipulated confusion about patterns of pollution to dismiss the mothers’ citizen science of the chemical abuse of their children.  When pollution occurs out-of-sight (in locked classrooms) or affects groups rarely studied in exposure (minors), institutions can easily deploy gaslighting techniques of doubt, denial, and disavowal of the chemical abuse of children.  Given the slow (Nixon 2011), delayed, incremental, and “gaslighted” nature of modern chemical violence, even those harmed by chronic pollution may misrecognize the symptoms; those that do recognize the symptoms may be perceived or portrayed as delusional in stories worthy of Hollywood noir.
Análisis del ejercicio de la potestad administrativa de recuperación de oficio de los caminos públicos municipales
Authors: Villalba Lava Mercenario
Published: November 2020

Acercamiento a una fijación conceptual de los bienes de dominio o de servicio público, en cuanto propiedades de las diferentes Administraciones Públicas, y su marco normativo. En el régimen local, descripción de las disposiciones legales que amparan los bienes de dominio público y capacidad de las entidades municipales y provinciales para su señalamiento, inscripción, defensa, recuperación y desahucio, así como los medios compulsorios admitidos por la vía administrativa y judicial. Se describe la doctrina jurisprudencial y los criterios utilizados por la jurisdicción contencioso-administrativa respecto de los caminos públicos locales, de su catalogación y de su naturaleza; de igual modo, se indican los criterios sobre la legalidad de los actos de las entidades locales, tanto procedimentales como de fondo, en la fijación de los bienes como servicio público. Recoge, asimismo, las sentencias más destacadas sobre esta materia pronunciadas en estas dos últimas décadas.

Doi: https://doi.org/10.17398/2695-7728.35.621
THE USE OF ILLUSTRATION IN BIOCHEMISTRY TEACHING AND LEARNING
Authors: ADNAN AZILA
Published: November 2020

Biochemistry is known as a complex course, especially the metabolic pathway topics. The main issue that instigate this initiative is the learners’ difficulty in understanding metabolic pathway topic(s), resulting in uninteresting learning environment. Hence, ‘the metabolic town’ illustration, that depicts three metabolic pathways (glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain) is used as an initiative to revive learners’ enthusiasm, which could breed interest and motivation to study this course. Trials were conducted with 35 students of Crop Science learners from the Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu. Eighty-six percent (86.2%) responded ‘strongly agree’ and 13.8% responded ‘agree’ that the overall learning experience through the use of this illustration has created a positive and fun environment. Additionally, around 79% learners responded ‘strongly agree’ that their knowledge on these topics have improved while 17.2% responded ‘agree’. Nearly 100% of the learners agreed thus establish the connection between the lecture notes and the illustration. Other than that, from an intrinsic aspect, 72.4% of learners firmly agreed that this illustration aided their interest and motivation towards Biochemistry subject; while the other 27.6% agreed. 89.6% who answered strongly agreed showed that they are in favor of the use of illustration for revision while the rest agreed. Consequently, 86.2% of learners strongly agreed that the illustration boosted their understanding and boost their imagination, and the other 13.8% ‘agreed’. This study investigates how an illustration of analogy could improve the learning process.
The Relationship between Metacognitive Reading Strategy Awareness and Reading Comprehension among freshman EFL Students, Ethiopia
Authors: Wudneh Asalefew Mekuria
Published: November 2020

The study was an attempt to investigate the level of awareness on Metacognitive reading strategies among first year Ethiopian EFL students.  It  also  tried  to  figure  out  the  possible  relationship  between  Metacognitive reading strategies  use  and  reading comprehension achievement.  Ninety-four EFL learners participated  in  the  study.  Metacognitive reading strategy inventory and reading comprehension test were used to collect the data. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics to determine the mean value of strategies employed by the learners. Moreover, Pearson correlation coefficient  was  used  to discover  the  association  between  reading  strategy  use  and  reading  comprehension  achievement. According  to  the  findings  Ethiopian  EFL  learners ,were almost near to the lower limit (M=2.55,Sd.=0.34)line of medium level reading strategy users. Furthermore, the use of metacognitive reading strategy had weak correlation (r=0.21,p=0.039) with reading  comprehension achievement. The possible cause of this could be lack of awareness on how to regulate and monitor reading comprehension.
Theme of time and past of youth in a couple of distinct ways in Summer and Smoke
Authors: Afshan Syed
Published: November 2020

The phrase ‘Summer and Smoke’ comes from the Hart Crane’s Poem “Emblems of Conduct”. It is a two part, thirteen scene 1948 play by Tennessee Williams, originally titled “Chart of Anatomy”. The play centers on a highly-strung, unmarried minister’s daughter, Alma Wine miller, and the spiritual sexual romance that nearly blossoms between her and the wild, undisciplined young doctor who grew up next door, Jahn Buchanan. Williams makes clear during the play that Alma means ‘Soul’ in Spanish whereas John represents the ‘Earth’. The play’s end is tragic because both have traded places philosophically. The thing that makes this play so tragic is that John is not a bad guy. John is a damaged Soul, and he is determined to live up to everyone’s horrible opinions of him. Williams focuses on a Stagnant Society that is hostile and unaccommodating to the young. In his play, women who attempt to talk of a higher love or spirituality are often knocked off their self-erected pedestals into the arms of a dominant man. He exposes Society’s double standard where men are expected to sow their wild oats, but if women, the pillars of Society, choose this path, it is viewed as scandalous. As a victim of Society, Alma is overpowered by a man who values only sexual gratification in a relationship.
Social Isolation as a Cause of Incest in Latin American Fiction
Authors: ABDERRAZAG Sara , KAZI-TANI Dr. Lynda
Published: November 2020

In his One Hundred Years of Solitude (1967), the Latin American writer Gabriel Garcia Marquez depicts the Buendia family, whose members seem to have a great difficulty marrying and developing sexual relationships with characters outside this family. Marquez portrays these characters as such in order to represent incest and connect it with the social behavior of individuals.  The present paper, then, is an attempt to prove that through depicting male as well as female characters as unable to establish healthy relationships with people outside the family, Marquez seems to show that social isolation is one of the key causes to social aberration.
Observation and Reflection of English Intensive Reading Classroom from the Perspective of Multimodal Discourse Analysis
Authors: Zhe Guo
Published: November 2020

The application of Multimodal Discourse Analysis to language teaching classroom adapts to the requirements put forward by the multimodality environment in modern social life, since various multimodal teaching strategies are employed to enhance students' language skills. However, problems exist in the efficient collocation between various modes. Classroom observation is employed to collect the data, and the framework proposed by Zhang Delu (2016) is followed to conduct the Multimodal Discourse Analysis of the Intensive Reading class of the juniors of English majors in North China Electric Power University. Finally, the problems from the aspects of cultural context, contextual context, interactive context, modal and media are identified, and the suggestions to improve language teaching practice are raised accordingly in terms of teachers' employment of modality and the teaching design.
Writing in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Guarneri Cristina
Published: November 2020

Writing is one of the most important courses to take within higher education in the twenty-first century, especially when aligning education that will meet individual career goals. According to the Nation's Report Card on Writing, in 2011 alone, only about a quarter of young people can write proficiently. There is a need to institute change to developing and increasing the amount and quality of writing students are expected to produce. There is a need for greater collaboration for student learning by using innovative pedagogies that maintain the complexity and importance of pioneering work while showing that it is, in some cases, negotiable with traditional classroom practices. There are three specific examples: teaching point of view with multicultural studies, incorporating language awareness/critical theory into the composting process, and considering prescriptive suggestions in the workshop. Discussions of large-scale structural change should and will continue, but this article—which reviews how some theorists situate and enact innovation, include narratives of student resistance, and discuss practices that reframe more traditional activities—invites instructors to reflect on recent scholarship and consider larger educational goals for their classrooms.
A Study of Factors Responsible for Low Motivation level for Learning English as Second Language Level in Saudi Female Students
Authors: Aslam Zeinab
Published: November 2020

English is hailed as one of the most popular second language among people living in different parts of the world, where it does not enjoy the status of the native language. Countries in the middle east especially Saudi Arabia has made noticeable changes in their education system, nearly at all levels to accommodate teaching of English in the curriculum. They are striving hard to make programs of teaching of English as Second language (ESL) a success. Despite all these continuous efforts low motivation level among the English learners especially females is a cause of worry for educationist in countries like Saudi Arabia. The present study is focused to look at some of the possible reasons for low motivation level in the female learners of Saudi Arabia, who study English as a second language at post-secondary level. The present study is based on personal experience, continuous observation and interaction with the students of various level and faculty members of College of Education for two years, in the capacity of an English Teacher. The College of Education Jubail is situated in the Eastern Province of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
The Effects of Formula Instruction on Knowledge and Use of the Target Formulas
Authors: Manan Nor Ashikin Ab , Pandian Ambigapathy
Published: November 2020

This study was conducted to explore the benefits of formula instruction in an academic writing class. Its main objective is to determine whether the students’ knowledge of the target formulas can be enhanced through direct instruction of the target academic formulas (DIAF) chosen from the academic formula list (AFL).In this study, twenty  five formulas were selected from the Academic Formula List (Simpson-Valch & Ellis, 2010) as target formulas and were directly taught to a group of students attending an academic writing class. After five weeks of instruction, their knowledge of the target formulas was tested using an objective test and an academic essay writing test. This paper discusses the result of the study by addressing four research questions:  (1) What are the effects of formula instruction on the students’ knowledge of the target formulas? (2)  What are the effects of formula instruction on the students’ academic writing performance? (3) What are the effects of formula instruction on the use of the formulas in the academic essay? (4) What is the effect of target academic formula use on the scores of the academic essay writing test?
African Literature and Orality: A Reading of Ngugi wa Thiango’s Wizard of the Crow (2007)
Authors: Bala Mustapha Ruma
Published: November 2020

This paper explores the relationship between orality and written literature in Africa. The paper interrogates the transformation of oral narrative into written texts and vice-versa. The paper specifically focuses on how Ngugi appropriates oral-narrative techniques commonly employed in African traditional societies in shaping the narration of events in this monumental novel. In this regard, the paper focuses on how the oral tradition in Africa influences the plot structure of Wizard of the Crow. The paper also looks at how Ngugi uses multiple narrators some of whom are observers as well as participants in unfolding the drama in the novel. These narrators, some of whom are categorically defined and the not well-defined, recount and render events happening in the novel orally in the presence of a live audience and in the process also embellish the story as they deem fit thereby rendering different versions of the same event The paper concludes with the observation that in spite of its being presented in the written medium of the novel, Wizard of the Crow indeed has generic resemblance to an extended oral narrative.
“One of Us” in Joseph Conrad’s Lord Jim: Fact or Myth?
Authors: Haque Md. Ziaul
Published: November 2020

This paper attempts to analyse the term ‘one of us’ in Joseph Conrad’s Lord Jim from a range of viewpoints. Marlow consistently regards Jim as ‘one of us’ and many hidden meanings tag along. We have to ponder over the fact that what Marlow’s actual intention is especially when he utters those three words. Consequently, the phrase, ‘one of us’ has turned into a tricky puzzle before us. Let us find out what is concealed behind these words. However, it goes without saying that this paper will concentrate especially on racism, behaviour, optimism, honour, sympathy, shameful secrets, homosexuality, trustworthiness, manliness and courage and universality in order to detect the factual meanings of the term in question.
A Focus On Caricature In Chukwuemeka IKE’s Our Children Are Coming
Authors: Yakubu Mohammed Attai , Ikerionwu Leonard
Published: November 2020

The study commenced with conceptual clarification in order to properly define the focus and state the purpose of the study which is to study caricature in Ike’s Our Children Are Coming and point out its communicative function. The researcher carried out a review of some critical works on Ike’s novels to establish a lacuna that this study intended to fill. The researcher observed that caricature as an aspect of Ike’s style had not been investigated. In the novel, Our Children Are Coming caricature is a device employed by Ike to ridicule characters, titles, and commissions of inquiry in Nigeria in order to bring about a positive change. A number of passages were extracted from the novel and analysed. Some of the findings of the study are: caricature enhances an understanding and interpretation of the novel; it has both entertainment and communicative functions; it is a way of expressing the author’s disgust for some people,their idea, and the institution they represent.
Code-Switching as a Strategy in Conducting Public Affairs: A Case Study of Rural Namibians
Authors: Aukongo Iina-Marie , Smit Talita C
Published: November 2020

Outapi is a rural town in the northern part of Namibia. Its residents are exposed to a variety of languages. Speakers whose English proficiency is limited, but who are able to communicate in Oshiwambo, use Oshiwambo to communicate. The problem arises when communication is in English, as the majority are English second or third language speakers and thus unable to express themselves very well. This study sought to understand the role of code switching between English and Oshiwambo by Outapi residents and public officials when conducting public affairs in the bank, the clinic and the post office. A qualitative research approach based on a case study research design was applied to determine the pertinence of code switching in the multilingual community. Findings from observations and interviews revealed that code switching facilitated communication in Outapi for speakers to attain their communication goals. Although the study indicated how code switching enriches Oshiwambo in terms of vocabulary, it also indicates a contribution to the language death of local languages.
Egyptian Arab Spring in CNN's Online News Reports… Supporting Peoples or Authorities is a Matter of Policy
Authors: Al- Radhi Hanan , Pandian Prof. Dr. Ambigapathy , Mehdi Prof. Dr. Tengku Sepora Tengku
Published: November 2020

This study aimed to explore Arab spring consequences that prevailed in Egypt after 2010-2011 as reflected by CNN in its online news article released in its website 2013. The main concern of the study is to unveil CNN's hidden ideologies towards Arab spring upheaval in Egypt investigating its discoursal ''Self'' and ''Other'' representations. To achieve this goal, the researcher utilized the following theories: 1) van Dijk's theory of Semantic Macrostructure (1980); to examine macro and micro structures of CNN's online news articles, 2) van Dijk's theory of Ideological Square (1998c); to examine CNN's ideologies embedded within its online news articles and 3) Wodak's Discourse- Historical Approach; to endorse linguistic and ideological analysis of CNN's online news article. Fairclough's three-dimensional Approach was utilized to organize the process of analysis. Within the linguistic analysis, macro and micro structures of CNN's online news articles were analyzed. At the macro level, the semantic macrostructure of CNN's text was outlined to determine its global meaning. At the micro level, the syntactic, lexical and rhetorical structures of CNN's text were examined to determine their local meaning. Within the ideological analysis, the CNN's online news text was analyzed to determine its ideological positive ''Self'' (in-group) and negative ''Other'' (out-group) presentations. The findings revealed that CNN's ideological orientations towards its positive "Self" and negative "Other" were varied as far as Egyptian conflict is concerned. Thus, it presented the Egyptian new authority as the positive identities while Muslim Brotherhood as the negative "Other'' identities.
Satire in Swift’s Own Words: Considerations on Glossopoesis in Gulliver’s Travels
Authors: Noletto Israel Alves Correa , Lopes Sebastião Alves Teixeira , Costa Margareth Torres de Alencar
Published: November 2020

Jonathan Swift’s satire Gulliver’s Travels has always been subject of extensive research. However, some points are deserving of more discussion. The present essay aims to exploit those points, namely the languages invented by the author, tracing their possible origins and explaining their glosses as accurately as achievable, by researching the most relevant  references available like Ehrenpreis (1948), Asimov (1980), Clark (1972) and  Pons (1972), and investigating the relevant matters in his writing, hence providing a more specific study on Swift’s memorable glossopoeias, which, in turn, will also corroborate to a wider understanding of the writer’s satiric view, otherwise hidden in the author’s neologisms. While this paper does not claim to have deciphered every and any ‘artificial’ word Swift coined, it has certainly contributed an enhanced comprehension of the glossopoeias found in the texts.
Developing Group Investigation Based Student Worksheets
Authors: Zulyadaini Zulyadaini , Yamin Martinis
Published: November 2020

The purposes of this research are to describe the development of Group Investigation Based Student Worksheets on Similarity and Congruence for the 9th Grade Students, as well as to find out the quality of Student Worksheets developed based on the aspects of validity and practicality. It is a Research and Development (R&D), with the findings as follows; (1) the validation conducted by the material experts obtained the percentage of feasibility of 82%, (2) the validation conducted by the design experts obtained the percentage of feasibility of 77,9%, (3) the validation conducted by the media experts obtained the percentage of feasibility is 94,29%, (4) the students’ responses on the individual test obtained the percentage of feasibility of 95,03%, which is categorized very feasible, (5) the students’ responses on the small-group test obtained the percentage of feasibility of 79,2%, which is categorized very feasible, (6) the students’ responses on the large-group test obtained the percentage of feasibility of 79,2%. Based on the data analysis obtained from the assessment on the Student Worksheets conducted by some experts (material, design, and media) and based on the data of students’ response obtained from the product testing, it can be concluded that the developed Student Worksheets meet the validity and practicality criteria.
The Role of Children’s Literature in the Declaration of Nigeria as a Multicultural State
Authors: Adetuyi Chris Ajibade
Published: November 2020

This paper considers the role of children’s literature in the declaration of Nigeria as a multicultural State. Nigeria is generally noted for its numerous languages, cultures and dialects. Children’s literature has always provided opportunity for cultivation of individual and group’s cultural heritage promoting its appreciation and internalization. The growth and development of children’s self-perception is impacted, resulting in transference of such to future use as well as generation unborn. This paper, therefore, proposes that given the inherent role literature plays in character molding, children’s literature should be replete with topics and ideas that promote better understanding of cultures and diversities represented within Nigeria. This will thereby make children’s literature a vital tool for promoting the declaration of Nigeria as a multicultural state.
Altered Perception of Parent Child Relationships in the Works of Khalid Husseini
Authors: WARDA WAHAJ UNNISA
Published: November 2020

Husseni uses relationships between fathers, mother, sons and daughters which was  with pain and longing. Relying on children to cover up their shattered lives  infecting them and the influence of which would span several decades.
(Re)Imagining Uganda Postcolony in Moses Isegawa’s Abyssinian Chronicles
Authors: Barasa Remmy Shiundu
Published: November 2020

Colonialism and its legacy continue to inspire a lot of debate among literary critics and theorists. Moses Isegawa’s novel, Abyssinian Chronicles, weaves interconnecting personal narratives which help illuminate the larger national stories of the postcolony nation-state, Uganda. The novel, through gendered narrativization, tells stories that represent Uganda’s socio-economic, cultural and political postcolonial state. Through close reading and critical analysis, this paper focuses on (re)construction of the postcolony by relying on the memory of the gendered subjectivities in the story. The chapter directs us to narratological, post-colonial and feminist literary critiques in which the narrative demonstrates its repudiations of stereotypes and reconfigurations of gender identities as part of an agent undertaking to recover the distinctive tradition of both the African man and woman.
Sibling Incest in Tabitha Suzuma’s Forbidden and Kate Avelynn’s Flawed
Authors: Winarsih Sri , Kurnia Fabiola D. , Mustofa Ali
Published: November 2020

This study purposely appoints the topic of sibling incest as reacted from the phenomenon of proliferation of illicit relationships that are increasingly being shown blatantly especially in social media. Through literary works such as novel, the phenomenon can be analyzed since those works are the portrayal of real life. ‘Forbidden’ by Tabitha Suzuma and ‘Flawed’ by Kate Avelynn were analyzed with three objectives; 1) describing sibling incest in both novels, 2) finding out the causing factors, 3) describing the impact toward the characters’ life. To achieve those objectives, the concept of incest, theory of psychoanalysis by Karen Horney and theory of comparative literature were applied. While in analyzing the data, it used interpretive perspective with author-oriented approach which concerns with psychoanalytic criticism. The results of this study reveal that the sibling incest in the two novels is different in type although the offenders’ composition is the same, incest between older brother and younger sister. ‘Forbidden’ shows non-abusive incest since it is done on mutual willingness which is motivated by affection, while ‘Flawed’ shows abusive incest since it is done forcefully by the older brother against his sister which is motivated by affection, eroticism, and aggression. The similar factors causing the sibling incest found in both novels are dysfunctional family and between ages peers, while the factor of Law of Homogamy is only found in ‘Forbidden’. Those factors do not cause the sibling incest just like the way without any influences of the characters’ psychological condition which is shaped by their childhood experience and neurotic needs. This study also reveals how sibling incest impacts the characters’ life. They suffer from psychological problems such as anxiety, self disgust, depression, self-destruction, self-blame, low self-esteem, and trauma. The enactment of incest taboo in their state also impacts them to self-isolation and prosecution. Evidently, this study reveals that any kinds of sibling incest with any reasons behind it lead into bad impact and dark phase of the offenders’ life.
ESP Need Analysis: A Study of English Language Learning of Business Students
Authors: Mahmood Anser
Published: November 2020

The present study explores the need and use of English language for business students at university level. For that purpose, pedagogical knowledge and existing curriculum has been analysed and also investigated the current needs of students lastly recommended end dealing with the learner requests regarding the connection circumstances and different obstructions. A questionnaire was administered containing 19 close ended items. This investigation persuaded by the understanding that "Needs investigation is neither one kind of language teaching nor inside the language training, however it will regularly have seen similar to the foundation of ESP and it leads to the engaged course" (Dudley-Evans & St John, 1998). It has been observed that most of the learners need to learn business communication and also such type of English in future for job profession. Basically most of the learners focus on writing skills which facilitate them in the final exam. They have least concerned with speaking skills in the classroom but face difficult when they have to communicate with their clients in practical life. The selected course materials or teacher must have to consult different courses such as text books CD and DVD and also use different materials for the training of people to get a job such as work form, samples and charts of the assignment and statement of course.
Integrating Culture in Africa’s Economic Development
Authors: Barasa Remmy Shiundu
Published: November 2020

The importance of culture as panacea of development can fully be appreciated by considering its role in regenerating world economies. In the last few decades, interest by nations in culture as an economic force of its own has been manifested in their development blueprints. In this paper we argue that although there is evidence from early civilizations and economic manifestos of African countries that culture drives economic growth, there is a dearth of explicit literature on how this happens. This is a library-based qualitative study in which we argue that culture fosters economic growth. The study draws on post-structuralism, modernism and post-colonial approaches to find that institutions and practices reveal particular cultural pretensions, ethics and meanings; and gives recommendations on integrating culture with economic growth on the continent.
Construction of Gendered Identities through Cultural Memory in Moses Isegawa’s Novel, Snakepit
Authors: Barasa Remmy Shiundu
Published: November 2020

Creative writing from Uganda hardly passes without the mention of the Idi Amin era which has significantly influenced the writing from that country. In this paper I examine how Isegawa narrates a people’s cultural memory to define gender identities in his novel, Snakepit. Cultural memory permeates individual as well as social identity formation. Narrating cultural memory results from long interactions with others as well as semiotic objects in a particular social setting. Snakepit was purposively sampled to underscore the interpenetrating relationship between cultural memory and gendered identity formations. The discussion applies itself to the post-colonial theory to explore and make meaning out of the narrative.
Intercultural Language Teaching: What Skills are needed to cope with a 21st Century EFL classroom?
Authors: BENMOUSSAT Smail , BENMOUSAT Nabil Djawad
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this article is to enrich EFL teachers’ understanding of the re-considerations involved in the nature of language learning with respect to the increasing process of global economic, political, linguistic and cultural integration. Needless to say, the globalization process tends to blur national boundaries, and this has already started with the European Union. What is more, the use of computer-assisted learning devices and other ICT tools, which have reduced the world into a village-like planet, have tremendously affected the field of foreign language pedagogy. All this, virtually creates a need for greater cross-cultural knowledge. The language learning communicative ends of the 70s and 80s have been re-moulded on intercultural grounds to give birth to a new concept: inter/cross-cultural competence. This intercultural scheme, one might argue, ensures the link between teaching language and learning culture, hence the intercultural language teaching or ‘teaching-and-learning language-and-culture’ approach (hereafter written TLLC), a term coined by Byram et al. (1994).
Rhetorical Functions of Reporting Verbs in Author Prominent Citations of Graduate Students’ Research Papers
Authors: Amrullah Qadrina Lailyn , Munir Ahmad , Suharsono Suharsono
Published: November 2020

This study investigates the rhetorical functions of reporting verbs employed in the author prominent citations of research papers written by graduate students. Specifically, this study aims to 1) describe the use of reporting verbs functioning as research acts, cognition acts and discourse acts in the graduate students’ research papers, and 2) evaluate the appropriateness of those uses of reporting verbs in each research paper. Thus, the examples of the use, misuse, and overuse of the reporting verbs committed by the students were presented in this study. Following this, Hyland’s (2002) insightful framework is used as preliminary identification of the functional activities of research verbs, cognitive verbs, and discourse verbs. Documents analysis with checklist worksheet was used to obtain the data. The data comprised eighteen research papers completed as the final project of linguistic subject. The findings show that the students tend to use reporting verbs in discourse act category instead of research act and cognitive act categories. More specifically, the findings reveal that 1) for research act category, the most used verbs were ‘find’, ‘show’ and ‘identify’, 2) only the verb ‘believe’ was found in cognition act category, 3) the verb ‘state’ which belongs to the functional categories of discourse verb has the highest occurrence in all of the data. It means that the students tend to overuse and misuse the verb ‘state’ to present any kinds of cited sentences without fully understanding its functional meaning within the context. And 4) for the appropriateness of reporting verbs, the students’ problems were found on the misuses verb choice, tense choice, and syntactic pattern of the reported sentences. This indicates the students are likely to be unaware of the functional use of reporting verbs in cited sentences. To achieve successful communicative purpose in citing others’ work, students should be encouraged in advancing their knowledge to familiarize the meanings of reporting verbs within the context in academic writings.
Walter Scott and the Islamic East: Ivanhoe and the Talisman
Authors: Yousef Nisreen Tawfiq
Published: November 2020

This paper examines representations of the Islamic East in two novels by Sir Walter Scott: Ivanhoe (1820) and The Talisman (1825). The paper’s argument is that Scott’s representations of the Islamic East seems influenced in very specific ways by dominant nineteenth-century portrayals of the East. Scott’s two novels present ambivalent depictions of the East, some of which deviate from standard patterns of representation of earlier centuries. For instance, on the one hand his novels attribute positive spiritual qualities to Saracens such as generosity, bravery and kindness to animals, while on the other, and often in the same passage, they sometimes depict Saracens as violent and atavistic. I argue that, through his various narrators and characters, Scott depicts the relationship between the Islamic East and the Christian West as a significant form of cultural interaction whereby the East is presented as complementing the West. However, Scott’s portrayal of East-West relation is complex, and it would be inaccurate to claim that this denotes total acceptance of Islamic manners, customs and perspectives.
Contesting Captive Spaces: A Reading of Emma Donoghue’s Room
Authors: Das Ankita , Singh Rajni
Published: November 2020

Experiencing space in its entire manifold is extremely indispensable to human existence. Our everyday life, social and personal relations and idea of the self are somehow defined by space. However, owing to its ambiguous nature space might not always add a smooth dimension to one’s life. Analysing the mesh of complexity and anxietylying underneath the common understanding of space, an attempt is made in this paper to study Emma Donoghue’s Room.Through an examination of its central characters, Ma and Jack, the essay seeks to highlight the trauma borne out of changing spaces.
Orwell's Animal Farm: Ideological State Apparatuses and the Crisis of the Modern State
Authors: Al-Aghberi Munir Ahmed
Published: November 2020

The present paper explores the crisis of the modern democratic state based on Althusser’s concept of the Ideological State Apparatuses and Chomsky’s investigation into the suspicious role of the media. Orwell’s novel Animal Farm was examined by way of casting the light on the junctures of intersection between history and culture. Re-reading the novel through the perspective of Althusser's ISA and Chomsky’s experienced lens help understand the way of the modern world where the various media means drive the masses into the end determined by the ruling business groups.
“Securing One’s Base in Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o’s Ongoing Literary Theory”: An Interview
Authors: Ndour Moustapha
Published: November 2020

In this interview, Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o shares his current ongoing thoughts on the definition of African literature, issue of language and positionality, and decolonization of African resources. Ngũgĩ argues that English and European languages are stealingAfrican literary identity. His personal commitment to write in Gĩkũyũ is less motivated by a wider readership than a concern to secure “his base”. He lays the blame on Africans for lacking self-esteem or self-conception. Decolonizing African resources, including reforming language policies, stands as a mental sanity challenge in a world where African people are stereotyped and ethnicized in comparison to their Western counterparts. He concludes his thought humorously by calling for a full control of African resources and spaces.
Advertisements and Depiction of the Woman Image: A Critique on Feminism
Authors: Jarandikar Shubhangi
Published: November 2020

By promulgating the principle of equal status for the women, the movement of feminism has questioned, criticized, and protested against the conventional images of woman. By re-defining the existence of woman it compelled both men and women of the society to comprehend the identity of the woman from a different, hitherto neglected perspective. However, with the rampant socio-cultural changes due to the globalization, feminism has been trapped in new trauma. In this post-capital, post-post-modern world, all the revolutionary ideas are swiped away. Amidst this, several rejected values are re-nurturing their roots. This revival has made many revolutionary movements and thoughts dead. By watching the media that is the complete product of globalization  and especially the advertisements that are the effective means of communication and manifesting tools of the contemporary culture one is sure to ask whether like all other disciplines there is the death of feminism. 

            The present research paper intends to probe into the philosophy of feminism and its present status in the light of some select advertisements. Many times the audio-visual texts of ads may not use an overt manifestation of women, however, the pretext to the text and the cross referential world it creates through the text do communicate the new stereotypes of women image.
Image Re-presentation in Don DeLillo’s Point Omega
Authors: Chang Chi-Min
Published: November 2020

While technological advancement and artistic creations have amazingly diversified the (re-)presentation of images, infinite image proliferation becomes an irresistible trend. To resist the subsuming power of the image-laden society, the renewed perceptions and interpretations of the image presentation are explored both in artistic presentation and in literary writing. Point Omega is a convergence of such an attempt. The paper explores how the time-featured image in Point Omega activates new idea, sensuous responses, and self-perception. Point Omega represents Douglas Gordon’s 24 Hour Psycho which is an adaptation of Hitchcock’s Psycho. By reframing the running speed to two frames a second, Gordon drastically challenges the familiar recognition and interpretation. Writing about Gordon’s work, DeLillo stresses the emergence of various perceptions, imaginations, and association in the video-watching process. No longer resting on the cultural critique on the media society as what has been done in his earlier works, DeLillo marks time as the prominent variable for the emergence of the new and the unknown.

    Moreover, DeLillo’s image representation highlights the physical condition which is both an essential feature of Gordon’s video installation and the hinge for DeLillo’s distinct writing. For one thing, the emergence of the new and the unthought lies in the interweaving between the spectator’s awareness and imagination of the physicality and his responses to the reframed image. For another, the physicality of the time-reframed image resonates with the desert underscored in the main story. In the story, DeLillo contends about the relation between the time-featured space and the transient self. The desert mirroring the time-featured image renders the distinctive conditions for different self-perception. Hence, the image representation in Point Omega proffers the condition for the unexpected and unthought, reconfigures the selfhood, and, significantly, enacts the alternative writing which trespasses from the filmic to the fictional, from the visual to the verbal.
Continuity of Earthquake and Tsunami Monitoring by Japan Meteorological Agency under Critical Conditions
Authors: Kamaya Noriko , Hoshiba Mitsuyuki , Katsumata Akio , Doi Keiji
Published: November 2020

The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) is a governmental organization that has responsibilities for mitigation of natural disasters. JMA issues warnings and information about natural disasters, in addition to daily weather forecasts. When an earthquake occurs, JMA analyzes seismic data to issue an earthquake early warning and to warn of possible tsunamis when a tsunami is expected to strike coastal areas of Japan. During tsunami warning in effect, JMA monitors tsunami meters and updates the warning. JMA also provides several types of macroseismic information. To fulfill these responsibilities, JMA collects data from 4400 seismic intensity meters, 1800 seismometers, 400 tsunami meters, and 39 strainmeters. Monitoring must be continued even under difficult situations such as times following great earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, severe weather conditions, and pandemics. JMA has dual operations centers located in Tokyo and Osaka. When one loses functionality due to a disaster or infection, the other continues 24/7 operations including warnings and issuing other information. Disastrous situations often cause power and communication failures and insufficient numbers of technical specialists. Following the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake, JMA enhanced power and communication capabilities by adding large capacity batteries at each station and satellite communication links. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, JMA has taken several measures to prevent technical specialists’ infection to continue the full range of functions for issuing of warnings and conveying needed information.
#IStayhome and Guarantee Seismic Surveillance and Tsunami Warning during the COVID-19 Emergency in Italy
Authors: Margheriti Lucia , Quintiliani Matteo , Bono Andrea , Lauciani Valentino , Bernardi Fabrizio , Nostro Concetta , Concetta Lorenzino Maria , Pintore Stefano , Mariano Mele Francesco , Ruotolo Eleonora , Ficeli Pietro , Sensale Gianpaolo , Pirro Vincenzo , Cerrone Massimiliano , Amato Alessandro , Stramondo Salvatore
Published: November 2020

The continuity of monitoring operations at national earthquake centers during crisis is an important challenge. In 2020, because of the COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) health emergency, monitoring centers all over the world faced new, unexpected problems. In Italy, the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) has the duty to perform earthquake and volcano monitoring, seismic surveillance and tsunami alerting, and maintaining effective communication with the National Civil Protection agency and the public. During the lockdown, that started on 9 March 2020, INGV set up a series of sanitary and organizational measures and improved the technological infrastructures in the control room in Rome for remote use of software for seismic network monitoring, seismic surveillance, and tsunami alerting. Our main goal was to protect the researchers and technicians on duty as much as possible and develop the remote use of software tools necessary to perform service activities when needed to limit the presence in the control room to the essential.

In the first month of lockdown, we implemented the organizational controls, the health aids, and the tools for remote surveillance and alerting, and gave online training courses for about 100 shift workers. At the end of March 2020, most of the technicians, researchers, and tsunami experts on duty were able to access the new monitoring tools from home. During these months, the shifts in the control room were done in person and we performed remote seismic surveillance and tsunami alerting only during the weekly disinfections of the control room and at the beginning of each week. The tools developed during the COVID health emergency are going to be useful in the future especially in the case of other emergencies including the occurrence of a strong earthquake.
¿Por qué si el agua es transparente uno ve el mar azul? Lo que se preguntan los niños sobre ciencias contestado en breves relatos de expertos
Authors: Gómez Paz Luis David ,   Universidad Icesi
Published: November 2020

Este libro, cuyo título es precisamente una de las preguntas de los niños, una de aquellas que quizás nos hicimos cuando teníamos esas edades, nos mostró lo cerca que está la ciencia de cada uno, todas las inquietudes que se tienen sobre la misma y la oportunidad que tenemos si enriquecemos la escuela con espacios que permitan aprovechar dichas preguntas para enseñarles a pensar a nuestros niños, a despertar su curiosidad y a seguir teniendo ideas maravillosas.