bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First demonstration of a combined light and charge pixel readout on the anode plane of a LArTPC
Authors: Anfimov N. , Branca A. , Bürgi J. , Calivers L. , Cuesta C. , Diurba R. , Dunne P. , Dwyer D.A. , Evans J.J. , Ezeribe A.C. , Gauch A. , Gil-Botella I. , Greenberg S. , Guffanti D. , Karcher A. , Kreslo I. , Kunzmann J. , Lane N. , Manthey Corchado S. , McConkey N. , Navrer-Agasson A. , Parsa S. , Ruiz Ferreira G. , Russell B. , Selyunin A. , Söldner-Rembold S. , Szelc A.M. , Tapper A. , Terranova F. , Tognina C. , Stenico G.V. , Weber M. , Xiotidis I. ,   The SoLAr collaboration
Published: November 2024

The novel SoLAr concept aims to extend sensitivities of
liquid-argon neutrino detectors down to the MeV scale for
next-generation detectors. SoLAr plans to accomplish this with a
liquid-argon time projection chamber that employs an anode plane
with dual charge and light readout, which enables precision matching
of light and charge signals for data acquisition and reconstruction
purposes. We present the results of a first demonstration of the
SoLAr detector concept with a small-scale prototype detector
integrating a pixel-based charge readout and silicon
photomultipliers on a shared printed circuit board. We discuss the
design of the prototype, and its operation and performance,
highlighting the capability of such a detector design.
160 kW beam commissioning for the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron of the China Spallation Neutron Source
Authors: Huang Ming-Yang , Liu Hanyang , Huang Liangsheng , Xu Shouyan , Lu Xiaohan , An Yuwen , Peng Jun , Li Zhiping , Li Yong , Chen Jianliang , Zhou Kai , Han Yanliang , Yuan Yaoshuo , Yuan Yue , Wang Sheng
Published: November 2024

For the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS), the rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS)
accumulates and accelerates the injection beam to the design energy of 1.6 GeV and then extracts
the high energy beam to the target. In this paper, the 160 kW beam power commissioning for
the CSNS RCS has been comprehensively studied, including: increase in the pulse width of
the injection beam to optimize the transverse painting, commissioning of the two dual
harmonic radio frequency (RF) cavities, optimization of the transverse and momentum collimators,
longitudinal dynamic optimization, beam instability suppression,
global closed orbit correction, local closed orbit correction, optimization of the RCS occasional
large beam loss, optimization of the extraction mode and extraction occasional large beam loss,
and so on.
In order to meet the requirements of beam power increase and stable operation of the accelerator,
the RCS beam losses from different sources are studied and optimized. With the aid of weekly
radiation dose measurement, the hot spots of the RCS are studied in depth to explore the causes.
Mesalamine loaded ethyl cellulose nanoparticles: optimization and in vivo evaluation of antioxidant potential in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Gautam Preety , Akhter Md Habban , Anand Anubhav , Rab Safia Obaidur , Jaremko Mariusz , Emwas Abdul-Hamid
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to optimize mesalamine (MES)-nanoparticles (NPs) using Box Behnken Design and investigate its in vivo antioxidant potential in colon drug targeting. The formulation was prepared using oil/water (O/W) emulsion solvent evaporation technique for time dependent colonic delivery. The optimal formulation with the following parameters composition was selected: polymer concentration (% w/w) (A) = 0.63, surfactant concentration (% w/w) (B) = 0.71, sonication duration (min) (C) = 6. The outcomes showed that ethyl cellulose (EC) NP containing MES has particles size of 142 ± 2.8 nm, zeta potential (ZP) of −24.8 ± 2.3 mV, % EE of 87.9 ± 1.6%, and PDI of 0.226 ± 0.15. Scanning electron microscopy revealed NPs has a uniform and spherical shape. The in-vitro release data disclosed that the EC NPs containing MES showed bursts release of 52% ± 1.6% in simulated stomach media within 2 h, followed by a steady release of 93% ± 2.9% in simulated intestinal fluid that lasted for 48 h. The MES release from NP best match with the Korsmeyer–Peppas model (R
2 = 0.962) and it followed Fickian diffusion case I release mechanism. The formulation stability over six-months at 25 °C ± 2 °C with 65% ± 5% relative humidity, and 40 °C ± 2 °C with 75% ± 5% relative humidity showed no significant changes in colour, EE, particle sizes and ZP. As per in vivo results, MES-NP effectively increased glutathione, SOD level and reduces the LPO level as compared to other treatment groups. The findings hold promise that the developed formulation can suitably give in ulcerative colitis.
Sentinel-1 data reveals unprecedented reduction of open water extent due to 2023-2024 drought in the central Amazon basin
Authors: Maciel Daniel A , Lousada Fellipe , Fassoni-Andrade Alice , Pacheco Quevedo Renata , Barbosa Claudio Clemente Faria , Paule-Bonnet Marie , Novo Evlyn Márcia Leão de Moraes
Published: November 2024

In 2023, an intense drought impacted the Amazon basin triggered by climate change and a strong El Niño event, with the Negro River reaching its lowest water level in 120 years. However, the spatiotemporal open water extent (OWE) during this drought remains unclear. This study comprehensively evaluates OWE variability in the central Amazon using Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data since 2017. Monthly OWE masks were generated through an empirical threshold classification with accuracy >95%. Overall, the central Amazon experienced a reduction of ∼8% in OWE in the 2023 dry season months (November and December) when compared to monthly-average. However, reductions of up to 80% in OWE were observed in several specific lakes. Our analysis underscores the unprecedented severity of the 2023/2024 drought on rivers and floodplains. Utilizing SAR remote sensing technologies, this study emphasizes the urgent need for proactive conservation measures to safeguard the Amazon’s ecological integrity amid escalating environmental challenges. Monthly water masks from January/2017 to September/2024 are available here: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12751783.
Learning from past society-environment interactions is discursive rather than substantive
Authors: Mordechai Lee , Tubi Amit
Published: November 2024

Environmental changes pose unprecedented risks to human societies worldwide. Over the past few decades, burgeoning academic literature argues or assumes that past societies’ responses to environmental impacts can provide valuable lessons to guide adaptation to contemporary environmental changes. The ancient Maya civilization, whose decline is often linked with historically unprecedented droughts, constitutes a major case study for extracting such lessons. To analyze these lessons, we conduct a meta-analysis of the discourse of learning from past Maya-environment interactions. We demonstrate that although studies often refer to learning from the Maya explicitly, the learning is primarily declarative and discursive rather than substantive, and lessons are often vague, misguided, or inapplicable. Only a few articles employ research designs conducive to learning from the past, and only a few reflect on the process of, or the problems associated with, learning from the past. On the other hand, many articles are content with reaching ‘inspirational’ lessons, calling, for example, for increasing resilience, while only a fifth of the papers drew more specific lessons that offer somewhat concrete recommendations and courses of action. Many studies also claimed that their findings are applicable to present-day societies far outside the core regions of Maya habitation, ignoring pertinent social and geographical differences. Although the paper does not preclude the theoretical possibility of learning from the past, it argues that such learning must undergo significant changes to achieve robustness and relevance for the present. This would also require a more open discussion between scholars of the past and adaptation practitioners.
Deciding finiteness of bosonic dynamics with tunable interactions
Authors: Edward Bruschi David , Xuereb André , Zeier Robert
Published: November 2024

We are motivated by factorization of bosonic quantum dynamics and we study the corresponding Lie algebras, which can potentially be infinite dimensional. To characterize such factorization, we identify conditions for these Lie algebras to be finite dimensional. We consider cases where each free Hamiltonian term is itself an element of the generated Lie algebra. In our approach, we develop new tools to systematically divide skew-hermitian bosonic operators into appropriate subspaces, and construct specific sequences of skew-hermitian operators that are used to gauge the dimensionality of the Lie algebras themselves. The significance of our result relies on conditions that constrain only the independently controlled generators in a particular Hamiltonian, thereby providing an effective algorithm for verifying the finiteness of the generated Lie algebra. In addition, our results are tightly connected to mathematical work where the polynomials of creation and annihilation operators are known as the Weyl algebra. Our work paves the way for better understanding factorization of bosonic dynamics relevant to quantum control and quantum technology.
Non-equilibrium dynamics of symmetry-resolved entanglement and entanglement asymmetry: exact asymptotics in Rule 54*
Authors: Klobas Katja
Published: November 2024

Symmetry resolved entanglement and entanglement asymmetry are two measures of quantum correlations sensitive to symmetries of the system. Here we discuss their non-equilibrium dynamics in the Rule 54 cellular automaton, a simple, yet interacting, integrable model. Both quantities can be expressed in terms of the more analytically tractable ‘charged moments’, i.e. traces of powers of a suitably deformed density matrix, via a replica trick. We express them in terms of a tensor network, which we contract in space using a system of local algebraic relations. This gives the asymptotic form for the charged moments, valid in the regime of large but finite time that is shorter than all the relevant subsystem sizes. In this regime the charge moments decay exponentially with the rate given by the leading solution to a cubic equation.
Derivation of a generalized Langevin equation from a generic time-dependent Hamiltonian
Authors: Héry Benjamin J A , Netz Roland R
Published: November 2024

The traditional Mori–Zwanzig formalism yields equations of motion, so-called generalized Langevin equations (GLEs), for phase-space observables of interest from the microscopic dynamics of a many-body system governed by a time-independent Hamiltonian using projection techniques. By using time-ordered propagators and time-independent projection operators, we derive the GLE for a scalar observable from a generic time-dependent Hamiltonian. The only restriction in our derivation is that the time-dependent part of the Hamiltonian and the observable of interest depend on spatial phase-space variables only. If the observable obeys Gaussian statistics and the time-dependent part of the Hamiltonian can be expressed as an odd power of the observable, the friction memory kernel in the GLE becomes proportional to the second moment of the complementary force, as is the case for a time-independent Hamiltonian in the Mori–Zwanzig formalism.
Surface analysis in additive manufacturing: a systematic literature review regarding powder bed fusion processes
Authors: Grimm Tobias , Hantke Nick , Iusupova Alsu , Sehrt Jan T
Published: November 2024

The analysis of surface effects in powder bed fusion additive manufacturing is the subject of intensive research activities. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge and to gain a comprehensive understanding of this subject area. The paper is intended to enable researchers to select specific articles for their own further research context. In addition, a bibliometric analysis validates the data base. A discussion of the findings suggests that the criticality of the surface should be considered as a quality factor in the field of additive manufacturing by powder bed fusion processes. An accurate and reliable measurement is crucial for predicting component quality. There is a clear trend from two-dimensional measurements to three-dimensional measurements. Conducting comprehensive research is essential to improve the reliability and comparability of measurement results and to promote broad acceptance and application of this technology in the industry.
Study on the sound absorption characteristics and noise reduction mechanism of coconut-shell-activated carbon particles and coconut fiber composite biomass sound-absorption materials
Authors: Hou Zhenhua , Ma Xiaoying , Pan Liai , Zhang Rui , Wang Libo
Published: November 2024

Sound-absorbing materials are widely used in the field of automotive industry. Biomass materials are abundant in the nature, some of which have natural sound absorption and noise reduction properties. Biomass sound-absorption materials are green and pollution-free, which have obvious noise reduction effect on middle- and high-frequency noises, a large specific surface area, a light weight and strong sound absorption effect. The purpose of this paper is to prepare new types of biomass composite sound absorbing material. In order to analyze the sound absorption and physical properties of biomass sound-absorbing materials, the noise reduction performance of different structures of biomass sound-absorbing materials was analyzed. In this paper, the biomass sound-absorbing materials coconut-fiber- and coconut-shell-activated carbon particles were used to make samples. A coconut-shell-activated carbon sound-absorption material (CSAC) was made. The cylindrical holes were made and filled with coconut fiber materials to form composite sound-absorbing materials (CSAC-F). The acoustic performance of an impedance tube was tested based on the acoustic absorption coefficient, whose physical performance was studied by means of a scanning electron microscope (SEM), Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET), x-ray diffraction (XRD), a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and other detection methods. In contrast, the sound absorption effect of CSAC-F was better in the middle- and low-frequency range, whose microstructure was analyzed and its mechanism of noise reduction was studied. This study will provide a new way for the research and development of sound-absorbing materials in the automotive industry, and biomass sound-absorbing materials have potential applications in the noise absorption and vibration control of automotive interior.
Laser sintering of metal powders: failure analysis and implementation of solutions for aluminium and stainless steel parts
Authors: Szabó Valentin Endre , Kun Krisztián
Published: November 2024

In this research, the failures and possible solutions of direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) have been investigated, with the aim of presenting an overview of the current state of science and possible technical solutions to the various challenges and potential solutions. DMLS technology allows to produce high density parts and has proven to be suitable for the cost-effective production of both mass-produced and individual parts in the automotive, aerospace, medical and hydrogen technology industries. This study reveals the fundamental principles, potential benefits, and limitations of metal 3D printing. The defects are categorized into those related to raw materials and those caused by the manufacturing process. The properties of the parts fabricated by this method are mainly depending on the quality of the raw material and the intensity of the laser beam. Clusters of raw materials have a negative impact on the whole manufacturing process, requiring their investigation and avoidance. Another critical defect identified is the significant internal stress generated during the manufacturing process. Various methods are developed to quantify and mitigate these internal stresses. This study provides a detailed analysis of these defects and their impacts, along with a review of literature-based solutions. Among the evaluated and implemented solutions, emphasis is placed on the effects of preheating the build plate and post-process heat treatment. Future objectives and research directions are proposed, presenting and assessing alternative solutions such as Vibratory Stress Relief (VSR) and Thermo-Vibratory Stress Relief (TVSR), which combine heat treatment with vibration. In the scope of the research, the process by which the most common failures occur, and their potential outcomes was reviewed. Special attention was given to deformation caused by internal stress and the possibilities for its mitigation. The feasibility of applying a new approach was investigated, and future research objectives were outlined. SEM imaging was employed to conduct and analyse the grain size of stainless-steel raw material, and agglomerates were observed in the post-print recycled powder.
Study on the mechanical properties of layered gradient structure PBT-based flame retardant composite materials
Authors: Cui Peng , Niu Lei , Ren Shibo
Published: November 2024

Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT) was widely used for its excellent mechanical properties, low moisture absorption, and good chemical corrosion resistance. To enhance the flame retardancy of PBT while addressing the decrease in mechanical properties caused by flame retardants, this study employed brominated polystyrene (BPS) as the flame retardant and modified nano-antimony trioxide (nano-Sb2O3) as a synergistic flame retardant. These were added to PBT, and a gradient distribution of nano-Sb2O3 was achieved through lamination hot-pressing technology. The effects of this gradient distribution on the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of the composite materials were investigated. The results show that the modifiers Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and γ-Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH560) successfully graft onto the nano-Sb2O3 surface, enhancing its compatibility with the matrix material. Compared to the homogeneous composite materials, the gradient composites exhibit an increased Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI), with the most significant improvement seen in the composite (G828) that has a 6 wt% difference in concentration between the outer and inner layers, increasing the LOI by 6%. Additionally, as the concentration of nano-Sb2O3 on the surface of the composite material increases, so does the amount of char residue. Compared to homogeneous composites, the gradient composites show significant improvements in mechanical properties, with G828 exhibiting increases of 19.7% in tensile strength, 37.1% in bending strength, and 103% in impact strength, demonstrating the significant effect of the gradient distribution in enhancing both flame retardancy and mechanical properties of the composite material.
Optimized scintillation imaging in low dose rate and bright room light conditions
Authors: Niver Alexander P , Bruza Petr , Pogue Brian W
Published: November 2024

Objective. To develop a robust method for non-contact surface dosimetry during Total Body Irradiation (TBI) that uses an optimally paired choice of scintillator material with camera photocathode and can work insensitively to the normal ambient room lighting conditions (∼500 Lux). Approach. This goal was approached by assessing the emission contrast of scintillator signal to background room ratio (SBR) detected by the camera, in the challening conditions of low dose rate TBI with high room lights. A total of 9 fast-response scintillators, 3 wavelength shifters, and 2 camera photocathodes were systematically tested to determine the optimal combination. The effects of room lights on the scintillator signal and the background signal were assessed to avoid signal saturation while retaining accurate dose measurement. A bandpass wavelength filter was then applied to reduce the effects on room lights and scintillator signal. Main Results. One scintillator (EJ262) combined with a blue-green sensitive photocathode camera and a 500 nm band pass filter produced the greatest available scintillator SBR of 95 with maximal room lights on. The caveat is that this design rejects all patient Cherenkov light, which can be useful for visualizing the patient treatment. Another option which retained the Cherenkov signal but produced less available scintillator signal was found with another scintillator (EJ-260) and a red photocathode camera with SBR of 35, but a narrow bandpass filter is required to make it work in ambient room lights, which addition will also remove most of the Cherenkov signal. Significance. Non-contact scintillator imaging can be used for surface dosimetry in TBI with appropriate pairing of scintillator emission spectrum and camera photocathode sensitivity or optical filtering range.
Inclusive engagement for equitable resilience: community case study insights
Authors: Eisenhauer Emily , Maxwell Keely , Kiessling Brittany , Henson Siena , Matsler Marissa , Nee Raven , Shacklette Maureen , Fry Meridith , Julius Susan
Published: November 2024

Incorporating equity into climate resilience planning, especially through participatory processes, is important to adequately address social vulnerability and avoid reproducing inequities. Recent analyses of resilience and adaptation plans in the United States suggest that there is increasing attention on equity and justice, but a wide variation in how it is being incorporated and implemented. Available studies of resilience planning are limited by their focus on larger urban areas and on plan contents. This research contributes a qualitative analysis of participatory engagement for resilience planning in smaller cities and rural areas. It presents findings from community case studies used as part of human-centered design research to develop an equitable resilience planning tool. Materials from the tool were used to conduct participatory engagement activities including storytelling, mapping, and brainstorming actions that elicited community members’ experiences with hazards and disasters and ideas for equitable resilience actions. Themes that emerged from the qualitative analysis of the workshop discussions were: community members’ include both environmental and social concerns in addressing resilience, challenges associated with social vulnerability framing, the underlying social systems that perpetuate inequities, recognizing different types of trauma, the power of convening, and challenges with sustaining engagement without dedicated resources. This article provides insights that inform efforts to better incorporate equity into resilience planning and advance the study of equitable resilience.
Carbon-based nanocomposites for sensing applications-a review
Authors: Peyrow Hedayati Davood , Termine Stefania , Bascucci Christopher , Al Malak Paul , Bondavalli Paolo , Semitekolos Dionisis , Clemens Frank , Charitidis Costas , Böhm Robert
Published: November 2024

Carbon nanomaterials exhibit unique morphological and physical properties. When used as fillers in various matrices such as polymers, they can provide enhanced electrical, thermal and mechanical characteristics. The emerging field of sensing technologies has witnessed remarkable advancements, resulting from the integration of carbon-based nanocomposites. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the latest a developments in key carbon-based nanocomposite sensors. First, the unique properties of carbon nanomaterials are reviewed covering the full dimensional spectrum, followed by main synthesis routes addressing critical aspects such as morphology, surface functionalization, and doping strategies. Later, the synergistic effects arising from the combination of carbon nanomaterials with other components, such as polymers, are explored in detail, emphasizing the role of percolation levels in the overall sensing performance. The different sensing applications presented in this review cover a broad range, including strain, temperature, gas and biosensing. The mechanisms and principles governing the sensing capabilities of carbon-based nanocomposites are provided, shedding light on the interactions between analytes and nanocomposite surfaces. A critical analysis of current challenges and prospects is also presented, outlining potential avenues for further research and innovation. Finally, this review aims to serve as a valuable resource for researchers interested in carbon-based nanocomposites and their evolving role in advancing sensing technologies.
Efficient data processing pipeline for event-based vision datasets: techniques and insights
Authors: Aitsam Muhammad , Jimenez Rodriguez Alejandro , Di Nuovo Alessandro
Published: November 2024

Event-based vision datasets have emerged as a critical asset in advancing the capabilities of real-time perception systems, particularly in fields such as robotics, autonomous vehicles, and human-computer interaction. These datasets enable low-latency processing by capturing asynchronous, pixel-level changes in the scene, providing a distinct advantage over traditional frame-based systems. However, the diverse formats and characteristics of event-based datasets pose significant challenges for efficient processing and analysis, hindering their broader adoption and integration. In this paper, we present a versatile and comprehensive data processing pipeline designed to address these challenges by supporting multiple event-data formats, including newer formats such as EVT2 and EVT3. This pipeline not only converts data into widely supported formats like AEDAT and NPZ, but also ensures that the unique characteristics of event-based data-such as temporal precision and sparse event representation-are preserved throughout the conversion process. By applying this pipeline to several open-source datasets, we establish a standardized, efficient methodology for dataset manipulation that enhances compatibility and reproducibility in event-based vision research. Additionally, we introduce a novel high-resolution event-based action dataset, converted into various formats using our pipeline, which opens new avenues for exploring event-based techniques in action recognition. This dataset and our pipeline serve as valuable resources for the research community, enabling advancements in real-time vision applications and fostering greater collaboration and standardization across studies.
Advanced sensing and analytical techniques for quality control of tobacco flavoring
Authors: Wang Xingguo , Liu Bowen , Han Lu , Xi Gaolei , Li Shaohua , Zhao Weimin , Chen Xia , Du Shantao , Ai Bin
Published: November 2024

Assuring stability and uniformity in tobacco cut filler flavoring is crucial for cigarette product quality. This review focuses on advanced sensing and analytical techniques like gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and electronic nose technology. These methods analyze the chemical composition of flavoring liquids and detect volatile components in tobacco cut filler samples, thereby evaluating flavoring stability and uniformity. The review also acknowledges additional technologies like near-infrared spectroscopy and continuous flow analysis. Strengths and weaknesses of these detection techniques are discussed, providing insights into quality control of tobacco cut filler flavoring.
An investigation of the surface topography of wire tool and the modelling of wire electro-spark machined Ti-alloy using ANN
Authors: Sharma Vikas , Misra Joy Prakash , Singhal Sandeep
Published: November 2024

Titanium and its alloys are in demand in the field of biomedical and aerospace engineering because of its high strength-to-weight ratio and anti-corrosive properties. WESM emerged as a processing method as traditional methods could not process because of strain hardening and low material conductivity; however, wire tool consumption contributes to high costs while processing with WESM. The current Article investigates the effect of input factors on wire consumption and their significance level on wire consumption. 81 experimental runs were conducted while taking input factors Spark on, Spark off time, peak current and servo voltage at three levels, each using a full factorial approach. Experimental results were analysed using ANOVA and MLR (Multi-Linear regression). Moreover, ANN modelling is done to model the wire consumption using a 4-10-1 architecture that increased the coefficient of correlation (R2) up to 0.991. Lastly, after processing, the wire tool surface is evaluated using a scanning electron microscope to assess the effect of various input energy levels and find input combinations for minimum wire consumption.
DGTNet:dynamic graph attention transformer network for traffic flow forecasting
Authors: Chen Jing , Li Wuzhi , Chen Shuixuan , Zhang Guowei
Published: November 2024

Graph-based traffic flow prediction plays a crucial role in urban traffic management and planning. In this paper, we propose a novel Dynamic Graph Attention Transformer Network (DGTNet), which is designed to address the issue of inadequate integration of temporal and spatial dimensions in traditional models. DGTNet maintains temporal continuity while revealing the complex dynamic relationships between key nodes in the urban traffic system, capturing the periodic changes in the rhythm of city life. Specifically, this study adopts adaptive signal decomposition technology to decompose traffic data into multiple Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs), effectively capturing the dynamic changes in traffic flow. This decomposition method is key to the implementation of DGTNet’s dynamic graph construction, enabling the analysis of traffic flow at different time scales, thereby providing a new perspective for traffic flow prediction research. In the traffic prediction module, we comprehensively consider node, edge, and graph structural information, adopting a multi-head self-attention mechanism to achieve direct cross-modeling in both temporal and spatial dimensions. Finally, we introduce a position-wise feedforward network layer to integrate different types of data and capture nonlinear relationships. The experimental results, based on public transportation network datasets METR_LA, PEMS_BAY, PEMS03, and PEMS07, demonstrate that DGTNet exhibits notable enhancements in three evaluation indicators, namely the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and the Mean Absolute Error (MAE). The pertinent code has been made available for public access at https://github.com/chenjing0616/DGTNet.
Micromechanical study of core barrel drilling for rotary drilling rigs based on the discrete element method
Authors: Zhao Lei , Chen Liangyu , Yuan Fei , Ma Jiaocheng
Published: November 2024

This study developed a gravel soil granular bed model using the discrete element method, elaborating on the core barrel drilling process by integrating bond-breaking and particle flow patterns. A quantitative description of the drilling process is achieved by defining bond-breaking efficiency. The results indicate that the force on particles near the drill tooth is the greatest, and this force increases with the core barrel feed rate, which enhances drilling efficiency and exacerbates wear on the drill tooth and guide bars. An increase in rotational speed raises the force on the particles in the boundary region, leading to deeper wear of the guide bar; however, the enlargement of particle voids near the drill tooth mitigates wear. Additionally, a coupled discrete element method and finite element method are developed to analyse the effects of drilling parameters on drill tooth deformation, revealing that the design of the open hole at the top of the drill can effectively reduce the maximum equivalent stress and wear depth. The conclusions drawn contribute to understanding particle mechanics, the particle bonding damage mechanism, and drilling mechanical behavior, providing a reference for optimizing drilling operations and drill design.
Investigation of burnout effect in turbine blade tip leakage at transonic conditions: a numerical study
Authors: Boopalan Vignesh , R Jishnu Chandran , Arumugam Senthil Kumar , P Rajesh Kanna
Published: November 2024

In the aviation industry, turbine blade tip leakage significantly impacts the economy due to aerodynamic losses in the turbine. The tip leakage flow increases when the tip surface is exposed to high heat loads from the burnout effect, contributing to nearly 30% of the total loss in the turbine stage. This study numerically investigates two-dimensional flat tip and burnt-out tip models under different flow accelerations at transonic conditions. Variations in the discharge coefficient are examined for different pressure ratios across the tip gap. Flow and shockwave patterns for various blade tip geometries are obtained and analyzed. The burnt-out tip notably increases tip leakage, and a significant decrease in turbine efficiency is observed beyond a critical burnout limit. The quantified losses at different stages of blade tip burnout are used to predict the effective operational life of the blade. A correlation is developed to relate the non-dimensional tip-leakage flow parameters to the normalized blade-tip geometry.
High-speed voltage level-up shifter with wide range conversion for system-on-chip applications
Authors: Sudhakar M Venkata
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this investigation is to demonstrate a level shifter circuit that enhances voltage switching capacity while simultaneously reducing latency by employing a cascaded current mirror, input, and output inverters. We improved our design using multi-threshold complementary metal-oxide semi-conductor (MTCMOS) technology by adding stackable transistors, super-cutoff mechanisms, and cascaded techniques. The level shifting between voltage ranges of 0.3 V and 2.0 V is accomplished by the proposed level shifter. Our design has been fine-tuned to meet the needs of system-on-chip applications by meticulously optimizing performance characteristics like energy usage, latency, and space utilization. The proposed level shifter has an area of 6.936 μm2 and a power consumption of 17 nW, with a delay of 90.64 ps. The proposed work has been done on the Cadence Virtuoso Tool using 45 nm technology. Our suggested level shifter is more effective than earlier methods in terms of latency and conversion range. In addition to delivering considerable reductions in space and power consumption, the suggested design promises a 50-fold increase in operating speed.
The mechanical properties of aged PA-12 FS3300PA powder: influence of layer thickness, sintering orientations, and laser power
Authors: Rosley Mohd Idain Fahmy , Mat Nuri Nur Rashid , Mohammad Nasir Mohd Zakaria , Omar Mohamad Rafi , Mamat Mohd Fauzi
Published: November 2024

This research investigates the influence of layer thickness, laser power, and sintering orientation on the mechanical properties of aged Polyamide-12 (PA-12) FS3300PA using the Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) 3D printing method. Specimens were sintered with three different layer thicknesses, laser powers, and sintering orientations using SLS. The study also aimed to examine the resulting powder morphology, mechanical properties, and tensile fracture behaviors of the aged (more than eight continuously sintering cycles) and virgin FS3300PA powders. The specimens divided into ten groups: nine groups of aged powder and one group of virgin powder as a benchmark. The nine groups of aged powder were sintered with three different layer thicknesses (0.07 mm, 0.12 mm, and 0.15 mm), laser powers (65 W, 70 W, and 75 W), and orientations (YZY 0°, YZY 90°, and XYY 0°). The selections of these laser power and layer thickness values for the sintering setting are due to machine and material parameter limitation. The results from these parameters then compared with those of the virgin powder, which sintered using the parameters provided by the manufacturer, in terms of powder morphology, mechanical properties, and tensile fracture behaviours. Observation made using scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed that there were not many changes in shape, size, and distribution between the virgin and aged powder, but slightly larger sizes and the presence of cracks found in the aged powder. The tensile strength, elongation at break value, and Young’s modulus all shared a similar trend, increasing with higher laser power but decreasing with increased layer thickness. Regarding the fracture morphologies, the number of pores and dimples decreased with increased laser power but increased with thicker layer thickness. There was also the occurrence of un-molten powder, especially in specimens sintered at the YZY 90° orientation with lower laser power and thicker layer thickness.
Impact of nano cerium oxide addition with pyrolysis waste plastic oil on combustion, performance and emission characteristics of CRDI diesel engine
Authors: D M Madhuvanesan , J M Babu
Published: November 2024

This investigation examined the effect of incorporating cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticle into diesel and waste plastic oil (WPO) blends on the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of the diesel engine. The WPO was extracted from low density polyethylene using plastic pyrolysis. The blending of diesel and WPO with combination of D70:WPO30 and D50:WPO50 was prepared to evaluate the engine operation. Additionally, the spherical sized CeO2 with 50 mg l−1 and 100 mg l−1 was added with this blend. The various blends named as Diesel, D-WPO30, D-WPO30+Ce50, D-WPO30+Ce100, D-WPO50, D-WPO50+Ce50 and D-WPO50+Ce100 were used in this investigation to operate the engine under various load conditions. The experiment was performed using water cooled common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine with prepared D-WPO blend. Different characteristics such as In-cylinder pressure (CP), heat release rate (HRR), ignition delay time (IDT), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and exhaust gas temperature (EGT), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), nitrogen oxide (NOx) and smoke opacity emission are studied with respect to the effect of different blends and applied load used. It was observed that increasing of CeO2 nanoparticles in blend improved the overall performance and emission of the engine. Form the results, D-WPO30+Ce100 blend showed enhanced brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and exhaust has temperature (EGT) are 28.2%, 3% and 465 °C respectively. Similarly, reduced emission of CO, NOx, HC and smoke opacity was observed in the CeO2 added blends particularly at 100 mg l−1. It was concluded that among all blends prepared, the D70:WPO30 with 100 mg l−1 of CeO2 showed improved combustion, performance and emission characteristics in proposed diesel engine.
Focus on synthesis, characterization and applications of low dimensional nanomaterials
Authors: Kumar Arun , Kumar Pramod , Di Bartolomeo Antonio
Published: November 2024

This Editorial summarizes the content of a focus collection on the synthesis, characterization and applications of low dimensional materials. The collection groups original research and review articles providing recent results and prospects in the field, with particular attention on optoelectronic applications, dielectric and magnetic properties, and electrochemical and biological performances.
Curbing the crises, gauging the gap: measuring the nexus between gender and the environment
Authors: Duerto-Valero Sara , Kaul Sneha , Billi Lauren , Encarnacion Jessamyn , Olofsson Sofia
Published: November 2024

Women and men interact with the environment differently. Although data on the gender and environment nexus is only recently starting to become more widely available, existing evidence shows that, in many countries, women and men’s livelihoods, roles at home, and decision-making actions are widely different, and thus so are their contributions to environmental conservation and degradation. Similarly, climate change, pollution and biodiversity loss affect women and men in different ways, but the limited availability of related data still prevents a full understanding of the multiplicity of ways in which these differences manifest. In recent years, numerous methodological advancements have taken place, which are enabling the production of gender and environment statistics to better understand these connections. From dedicated surveys to uses of non-conventional data sources, empirical evidence on this topic is increasingly available. Still, substantial efforts are needed to fill existing data gaps and gain a thorough understanding of the connections. This paper showcases available evidence on various aspects of the gender-environment nexus and highlights possible solutions to fill remaining data gaps.
Theory of shifts, shocks, and the intimate connections to 𝐿²-type A posteriori error analysis of numerical schemes for hyperbolic problems
Authors: Giesselmann Jan , Krupa Sam
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we develop reliable a posteriori error estimates for numerical approximations of scalar hyperbolic conservation laws in one space dimension.

Our methods have no inherent small-data limitations and are a step towards error control of numerical schemes for systems. We are careful not to appeal to the Kruzhkov theory for scalar conservation laws. Instead, we derive novel quantitative stability estimates that extend the theory of shifts, and in particular, the framework for proving stability first developed by the second author and Vasseur. This is the first time this methodology has been used for quantitative estimates.

We work entirely within the context of the theory of shifts and

a
a

-contraction, techniques which adapt well to systems. In fact, the stability framework by the second author and Vasseur has itself recently been pushed to systems (see G. Chen, S. G. Krupa, and A. F. Vasseur [Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 246 (2022), pp. 299–332]).

Our theoretical findings are complemented by a numerical implementation in MATLAB and numerical experiments.
A note on rational homology vanishing theorem for hypersurfaces in aspherical manifolds
Authors: He Shihang , Zhu Jintian
Published: November 2024

In this note, Gromov’s reduction [No metrics with positive scalar curvatures on aspherical 5-manifolds, https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.05332, 2020], from the aspherical conjecture to the generalized filling radius conjecture, is generalized to the smooth

Q

\mathbb Q

-homology vanishing conjecture in the case of hypersurface. In particular, we can show that any continuous map from a closed

4
4

-manifold admitting positive scalar curvature to an aspherical

5
5

-manifold induces zero map between

H
4

(
⋅
,

Q

)

H_4(\cdot ,\mathbb Q)

. As a corollary, we obtain the following aspherical splitting theorem: if a complete orientable aspherical Riemannian

5
5

-manifold has non-negative scalar curvature and two ends, then it splits into the Riemannian product of a closed flat manifold and the real line.
Roots and logarithms of multipliers
Authors: Xia Jingbo , Yan Congquan , Zhao Danjun , Zhu Jingming
Published: November 2024

By now it is a well-known fact that if

f
f

is a multiplier for the Drury-Arveson space

H
n
2

H^2_n

, and if there is a

c
>
0

c > 0

such that

|

f
(
z
)

|

≥
c

|f(z)| \geq c

for every

z
∈

B

z \in \mathbf {B}

, then the reciprocal function

1

/

f

1/f

is also a multiplier for

H
n
2

H^2_n

. We show that for such an

f
f

and for every

t
∈

R

t \in \mathbf {R}

,

f
t

f^t

is also a multiplier for

H
n
2

H^2_n

. We do so by deriving a differentiation formula for

R
m

(

f
t

h
)

R^m(f^th)

. Moreover, by this formula the same result holds for spaces

H

m
,
s

\mathcal {H}_{m,s}

of the Besov-Dirichlet type. The same technique also gives us the result that for a non-vanishing multiplier

f
f

of

H
n
2

H^2_n

,

log
⁡
f

\log f

is a multiplier of

H
n
2

H^2_n

if and only if

log
⁡
f

\log f

is bounded on

B

\mathbf {B}

.
The 𝐿_{𝑝}-discrepancy for finite 𝑝>1 suffers from the curse of dimensionality
Authors: Novak Erich , Pillichshammer Friedrich
Published: November 2024

We prove that the

L
p

L_p

-discrepancy suffers from the curse of dimensionality for all

p
p

in

(
1
,
∞
)

(1,\infty )

and hence only the case

p
=
1

p=1

is still open.
Big mapping class groups are not extremely amenable
Authors: Long Yusen
Published: November 2024

This paper uses the renowned Kechris-Pestov-Todorcevic machinery to show that (big) mapping class groups are not extremely amenable unless the underlying surface is a sphere or a once-punctured sphere, or equivalently when the mapping class group is trivial. The same techniques also show that the pure mapping class groups, as well as compactly supported mapping class groups, of a surface with genus at least one can never be extremely amenable.
New congruences modulo 4 and 8 for Ramanujan’s 𝜙 function
Authors: Du Julia Q. D. , Lovejoy Jeremy , Yao Olivia
Published: November 2024

In his lost notebook, Ramanujan defined the function

ϕ
(
q
)

\phi (q)

which is a mock modular form and is related to some of Ramanujan’s mock theta functions. In recent years, a number of congruences for the coefficients of

ϕ
(
q
)

\phi (q)

have been proved by Baruah and Begum, Chan, Du and Tang, and Xia. Motivated by their works, we characterize congruences modulo 2 and 4 for the coefficients of

ϕ
(
q
)

\phi (q)

based on the congruences on the eighth order mock theta function established by Chen and Garvan. We also prove some congruences modulo 8 for the coefficients of

ϕ
(
q
)

\phi (q)

based on an identity due to Newman.
Modified scattering for nonlinear Schrödinger equations with long-range potentials
Authors: Kawamoto Masaki , Mizutani Haruya
Published: November 2024

We study the final state problem for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a critical long-range nonlinearity and a long-range linear potential. Given a prescribed asymptotic profile which is different from the free evolution, we construct a unique global solution scattering to the profile. In particular, the existence of the modified wave operators is obtained for sufficiently localized small scattering data. The class of potential includes a repulsive long-range potential with a short-range perturbation, especially the positive Coulomb potential in two and three space dimensions. The asymptotic profile is constructed by combining Yafaev’s type linear modifier associated with the long-range part of the potential and the nonlinear modifier introduced by Ozawa. Finally, we also show that one can replace Yafaev’s type modifier by Dollard’s type modifier under a slightly stronger decay assumption on the long-range potential. This is the first positive result on the modified scattering for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation in the case when both of the nonlinear term and the linear potential are of long-range type.
Calcium dynamics of skin-resident macrophages during homeostasis and tissue injury
Authors: Leon Guerrero Pearl A. , Rasmussen Jeffrey P. , Peterman Eric
Published: November 2024

Immune cells depend on rapid changes in intracellular calcium activity to modulate cell function. Skin contains diverse immune cell types and is critically dependent on calcium signaling for homeostasis and repair, yet the dynamics and functions of calcium in skin immune cells remain poorly understood. Here, we characterize calcium activity in Langerhans cells, skin-resident macrophages responsible for surveillance and clearance of cellular debris after tissue damage. Langerhans cells reside in the epidermis and extend dynamic dendrites in close proximity to adjacent keratinocytes and somatosensory peripheral axons. We find that homeostatic Langerhans cells exhibit spontaneous and transient changes in calcium activity, with calcium flux occurring primarily in the cell body and rarely in the dendrites. Triggering somatosensory axon degeneration increases the frequency of calcium activity in Langerhans cell dendrites. By contrast, we show that Langerhans cells exhibit a sustained increase in intracellular calcium following engulfment of damaged keratinocytes. Altering intracellular calcium activity leads to a decrease in engulfment efficiency of keratinocyte debris. Our findings demonstrate that Langerhans cells exhibit context-specific changes in calcium activity and highlight the utility of skin as an accessible model for imaging calcium dynamics in tissue-resident macrophages.