bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plant growth promoting characteristics of halophilic and halotolerant bacteria isolated from coastal regions of Saurashtra Gujarat
Authors: Reang Likhindra , Bhatt Shraddha , Tomar Rukam Singh , Joshi Kavita , Padhiyar Shital , Vyas U. M. , Kheni Jasmin Kumar
Published: March 2022

Halophiles are a class of microorganisms that thrive in environments with very high salt concentrations. The coastal regions of Saurashtra Gujarat host a diverse group of microorganisms including halophilic and halotolerant bacteria that may have plant growth promoting characteristics. Microorganisms with plant growth promoting characteristics are of immense importance in the field of agriculture and the present study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of halophilic and halotolerant bacteria isolated from agricultural soils of coastal regions of Junagadh and Porbandar districts of Saurashtra, Gujarat. A total of 15 isolated strains showed indole acetic acid production, solubilization of phosphate and potash, and nitrogen fixing capacity ranging from 18.77–33.48 μg ml−1, 50.10–106.10%, 180.42–239.92% and 0.170–0.480 g kg−1 of Jensen’s agar medium, respectively, while two isolates were also found positive for siderophore production. Besides, nine out of fifteen isolates also showed positive ACC deaminase activity ranging from 0.92-5.78 µM α-ketobutyrate mg−1 h−1. The isolates were further characterized by physiological, microscopic, and biochemical tests. The halophilic and halotolerant bacterial isolates were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as belonging to Halomonas pacifica, H. stenophila, and Bacillus haynesii, B. licheniformis and Oceanobacillus aidingensis respectively. The 16S rRNA partial gene sequence of two isolates belonging to H. pacifica and H. stenophila were submitted to NCBI with accession number MK955347 and MK961217 respectively. The findings of the present investigation showed that isolated bacterial halophiles possess promising plant growth promoting characteristics. Their potential as bioinoculants to alleviate salinity stress in crops and for bioremediation deserves further investigation.
Analysis tools for single-monomer measurements of self-assembly processes
Authors: Hoyer Maria , Crevenna Alvaro H. , Kitel Radoslaw , Willems Kherim , Czub Miroslawa , Dubin Grzegorz , Van Dorpe Pol , Holak Tad A. , Lamb Don C.
Published: March 2022

Protein assembly plays an important role throughout all phyla of life, both physiologically and pathologically. In particular, aggregation and polymerization of proteins are key-strategies that regulate cellular function. In recent years, methods to experimentally study the assembly process on a single-molecule level have been developed. This progress concomitantly has triggered the question of how to analyze this type of single-filament data adequately and what experimental conditions are necessary to allow a meaningful interpretation of the analysis. Here, we developed two analysis methods for single-filament data: the visitation analysis and the average-rate analysis. We benchmarked and compared both approaches with the classic dwell-time-analysis frequently used to study microscopic association and dissociation rates. In particular, we tested the limitations of each analysis method along the lines of the signal-to-noise ratio, the sampling rate, and the labeling efficiency and bleaching rate of the fluorescent dyes used in single-molecule fluorescence experiments. Finally, we applied our newly developed methods to study the monomer assembly of actin at the single-molecule-level in the presence of the class II nucleator Cappuccino and the WH2 repeats of Spire. For Cappuccino, our data indicated fast elongation circumventing a nucleation phase whereas, for Spire, we found that the four WH2 motifs are not sufficient to promote de novo nucleation of actin.
Validation of leaf area index measurement system based on wireless sensor network
Authors: Yang Rongjin , Liu Lu , Liu Qiang , Li Xiuhong , Yin Lizeyan , Hao Xuejie , Ma Yushuang , Song Qiao
Published: March 2022

Accurate measurement of leaf area index (LAI) is important for agricultural analysis such as the estimation of crop yield, which makes its measurement work important. There are mainly two ways to obtain LAI: ground station measurement and remote sensing satellite monitoring. Recently, reliable progress has been made in long-term automatic LAI observation using wireless sensor network (WSN) technology under certain conditions. We developed and designed an LAI measurement system (LAIS) based on a wireless sensor network to select and improve the appropriate algorithm according to the image collected by the sensor, to get a more realistic leaf area index. The corn LAI was continuously observed from May 30 to July 16, 2015. Research on hardware has been published, this paper focuses on improved system algorithm and data verification. By improving the finite length average algorithm, the data validation results are as follows: (1) The slope of the fitting line between LAIS measurement data and the real value is 0.944, and the root means square error (RMSE) is 0.264 (absolute error ~ 0–0.6), which has high consistency with the real value. (2) The measurement error of LAIS is less than LAI2000, although the result of our measurement method will be higher than the actual value, it is due to the influence of weeds on the ground. (3) LAIS data can be used to support the retrieval of remote sensing products. We find a suitable application situation of our LAIS system data, and get our application value as ground monitoring data by the verification with remote sensing product data, which supports its application and promotion in similar research in the future.
Variation in cross-sectional indicator of femoral robusticity in Homo sapiens and Neandertals
Authors: Kubicka Anna Maria , Balzeau Antoine , Kosicki Jakub , Nowaczewska Wioletta , Haduch Elżbieta , Spinek Anna , Piontek Janusz
Published: March 2022

Variations in the cross-sectional properties of long bones are used to reconstruct the activity of human groups and differences in their respective habitual behaviors. Knowledge of what factors influence bone structure inHomo sapiensand Neandertals is still insufficient thus, this study investigated which biological and environmental variables influence variations in the femoral robusticity indicator of these two species. The sample consisted of 13 adult Neandertals from the Middle Paleolithic and 1959 adult individuals ofH. sapiensranging chronologically from the Upper Paleolithic to recent times. The femoral biomechanical properties were derived from the European data set, the subject literature, and new CT scans. The material was tested using a Mantel test and statistical models. In the models, the polar moment of area (J) was the dependent variable; sex, age, chronological period, type of lifestyle, percentage of the cortical area (%CA), the ratio of second moment areas of inertia about the X and Y axes (Ix/Iy), and maximum slope of the terrain were independent covariates. The Mantel tests revealed spatial autocorrelation of the femoral index inH. sapiensbut not in Neandertals. A generalized additive mixed model showed that sex, %CA, Ix/Iy, chronological period, and terrain significantly influenced variation in the robusticity indicator ofH. sapiensfemora. A linear mixed model revealed that none of the analyzed variables correlated with the femoral robusticity indicator of Neandertals. We did not confirm that the gradual decline in the femoral robusticity indicator ofH. sapiensfrom the Middle Paleolithic to recent times is related to the type of lifestyle; however, it may be associated with lower levels of mechanical loading during adolescence. The lack of correlation between the analysed variables and the indicator of femoral robusticity in Neandertals may suggest that they needed a different level of mechanical stimulus to produce a morphological response in the long bone thanH. sapiens.
Cardiac protection by pirfenidone after myocardial infarction: a bioinformatic analysis
Authors: Aimo Alberto , Iborra-Egea Oriol , Martini Nicola , Galvez-Monton Carolina , Burchielli Silvia , Panichella Giorgia , Passino Claudio , Emdin Michele , Bayes-Genis Antoni
Published: March 2022

Left ventricular (LV) remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) is promoted by an intense fibrotic response, which could be targeted by the anti-fibrotic drug pirfenidone. We explored the relationship between protein modulation by pirfenidone and post-MI remodeling, based on molecular information and transcriptomic data from a swine model of MI. We identified 6 causative motives of post-MI remodeling (cardiomyocyte cell death, impaired myocyte contractility, extracellular matrix remodeling and fibrosis, hypertrophy, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system activation, and inflammation), 4 pirfenidone targets and 21 bioflags (indirect effectors). Pirfenidone had a more widespread action than gold-standard drugs, encompassing all 6 motives, with prominent effects on p38γ-MAPK12, the TGFβ1-SMAD2/3 pathway and other effector proteins such as matrix metalloproteases 2 and 14, PDGFA/B, and IGF1. A bioinformatic approach allowed to identify several possible mechanisms of action of pirfenidone with beneficial effects in the post-MI LV remodeling, and suggests additional effects over guideline-recommended therapies.
Arc and forearc rifting in the Tyrrhenian subduction system
Authors: Corradino M. , Balazs A. , Faccenna C. , Pepe F.
Published: March 2022

The evolution of forearc and backarc domains is usually treated separately, as they are separated by a volcanic arc. We analyse their spatial and temporal relationships in the Tyrrhenian subduction system, using seismic profiles and numerical modelling. A volcanic arc, which included the Marsili volcano, was involved in arc-rifting during the Pliocene. This process led to the formation of an oceanic backarc basin (~ 1.8 Ma) to the west of the Marsili volcano. The eastern region corresponded to the forearc domain, floored by serpentinised mantle. Here, a new volcanic arc formed at ~ 1 Ma, marking the onset of the forearc-rifting. This work highlights that fluids and melts induce weakening of the volcanic arc region and drive the arc-rifting that led to the backarc basin formation. Later, the slab rollback causes the trench-ward migration of volcanism that led to the forearc- rifting under the control of fluids released from the downgoing plate.
Newly initiated carbon stock, organic soil accumulation patterns and main driving factors in the High Arctic Svalbard, Norway
Authors: Juselius T. , Ravolainen V. , Zhang H. , Piilo S. , Müller M. , Gallego-Sala A. , Väliranta M.
Published: March 2022

High latitude organic soils form a significant carbon storage and deposition of these soils is largely driven by climate. Svalbard, Norway, has experienced millennial-scale climate variations and in general organic soil processes have benefitted from warm and humid climate phases while cool late Holocene has been unfavourable. In addition to direct effect of cool climate, the advancing glaciers have restricted the vegetation growth, thus soil accumulation. Since the early 1900’s climate has been warming at unprecedented rate, assumingly promoting organic soil establishment. Here we present results of multiple organic soil profiles collected from Svalbard. The profiles have robust chronologies accompanied by soil property analyses, carbon stock estimations and testate amoeba data as a proxy for soil moisture. Our results reveal relatively recent initiation of organic soils across the Isfjorden area. The initiation processes could be linked to glacier retreat, and improvement of growing conditions and soil stabilization. Carbon stock analyses suggested that our sites are hot spots for organic matter accumulation. Testate amoebae data suggested drying of soil surfaces, but the reason remained unresolved. If continued, such a process may lead to carbon release. Our data suggest that detailed palaeoecological data from the Arctic is needed to depict the on-going processes and to estimate future trajectories.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: A one-year observational cohort study of menstrual cramps and ovulation in healthy, normally ovulating women
Authors: Bann Sewon , Goshtasebi Azita , Shirin Sonia , Prior Jerilynn C.
Published: March 2022

This is a prospective, observational community cohort study with the objective of investigating menstrual cramp occurrence related to ovulatory characteristics. Women reported cramp intensity on daily Menstrual Cycle Diary© records over one year. Ovulation and luteal phase lengths were assessed by validated Quantitative Basal Temperature© (QBT) analysis. Healthy, normal-weight, non-smoking community dwelling premenopausal women ages 21–41 years with two consecutive, normally ovulatory, normal-length menstrual cycles were enrolled. All 53 women, with 13.6 ± 2.8 cycles per woman, reported at least one cramp episode of median intensity 1.5 [0–4 scale; range 1.0–3.5], and 2.2 days’ [range 1.0–10.2] duration. Within the 49 women who experienced all ovulatory cycle types (normal, short luteal length [SLL < 10 days] and anovulatory), median cramp intensity was greater in normal-length cycles having subclinical ovulatory disturbances (SLL and anovulatory; median 1.4 [range 0.0–2.8]) than in normally ovulatory cycles (median 1.2 [range 0.0–2.3]) (P = 0.023). Cramp Scores did not differ by ovulatory status within the 19 women having both normally ovulatory and anovulatory cycles (P = 0.222). Within-woman 1-year Cramp Scores were not different in anovulatory and normally ovulatory menstrual cycles but were more intense with ovulatory disturbances.
Local pressure calibration method of inductively coupled plasma generator based on laser Thomson scattering measurement
Authors: Sun Jinhai , Liu Yong-Qiang , Zheng Yan , Shi Jielin , Li Yu , Zhao Yarui , Zhang Xutao , Cai He , Zhu Xianli , Sun Xinxue , Chao Zengming , Yin Hongcheng , Ding Hongbin
Published: March 2022

Based on laser Thomson scattering (TS) measurements and finite element method (FEM) simulations of electron density in inductively coupled plasma (ICP), the simulated local pressure calibration curves of ICP generator are obtained by comparing the experimental and simulated electron density distributions and maxima. The equation coefficients of theoretical model associated with the ICP generator experimental system can be obtained by fitting the simulation curve with the least square method, and the theoretical pressure calibration curves under different absorbed powers can be further obtained. Combined with the vacuum gauge measurements, both the simulated and theoretical pressure calibration curves can give the true local pressure in the plasma. The results of the local pressure calibration at the different absorbed powers show that the density gradient from the vacuum gauge sensor to the center of the coil in ICP generator cavity becomes larger with the increase of electron density, resulting in a larger gap between the measured value and the pressure calibration value. This calibration method helps to grasp the local pressure of ICP as an external control factor and helps to study the physicochemical mechanism of ICP in order to achieve higher performance in ICP etching, material modification, etc.
Geographical prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 variants, August 2020 to July 2021
Authors: Chan Wai Sing , Lam Yuk Man , Law Janet Hei Yin , Chan Tsun Leung , Ma Edmond Shiu Kwan , Tang Bone Siu Fai
Published: March 2022

We extracted one-year genomic data (August 2020–July 2021) from GISAID EpiCoV™ database and estimated monthly proportions of 11 SARS-CoV-2 variants in various geographical regions. From continental perspective, Delta VOC predominated in Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and Oceania, with proportions of 67.58–98.31% in July 2021. In South America, proportion of Delta VOC (23.24%) has been approaching the predominant yet diminishing Gamma VOC (56.86%). We further analyzed monthly data on new COVID-19 cases, new deaths, vaccination status and variant proportions of 6 countries. Delta VOC predominated in all countries except Brazil (Gamma VOC) in July 2021. In most occasions, rise and predominance of Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Zeta variants were accompanied with surges of new cases, especially after the time point of major lineage interchange. The ascending phases of new cases lasted for 1–5 months with 1.69- to 40.63-fold peak growth, whereas new death tolls varied with regional vaccination status. Our data suggested surges of COVID-19 cases might be predicted from variant surveillance data. Despite vaccine breakthroughs by Delta VOC, death tolls were more stable in countries with better immunization coverage. Another takeaway is the urgent need to improve vaccine efficacy against Delta and emerging variants.
Characterization and reduction of non-endocrine cells accompanying islet-like endocrine cells differentiated from human iPSC
Authors: Hiyoshi Hideyuki , Sakuma Kensuke , Tsubooka-Yamazoe Noriko , Asano Shinya , Mochida Taisuke , Yamaura Junji , Konagaya Shuhei , Fujii Ryo , Matsumoto Hirokazu , Ito Ryo , Toyoda Taro
Published: March 2022

The differentiation of pancreatic endocrine cells from human pluripotent stem cells has been thoroughly investigated for their application in cell therapy against diabetes. Although non-endocrine cells are inevitable contaminating by-products of the differentiation process, a comprehensive profile of such cells is lacking. Therefore, we characterized non-endocrine cells in iPSC-derived pancreatic islet cells (iPIC) using single-cell transcriptomic analysis. We found that non-endocrine cells consist of (1) heterogeneous proliferating cells, and (2) cells with not only pancreatic traits but also liver or intestinal traits marked by FGB or AGR2. Non-endocrine cells specifically expressed FGFR2, PLK1, and LDHB. We demonstrated that inhibition of pathways involving these genes selectively reduced the number of non-endocrine cells in the differentiation process. These findings provide useful insights into cell purification approaches and contribute to the improvement of the mass production of endocrine cells for stem cell-derived cell therapy for diabetes.
Organelle specific fluorescent phenomics and transcriptomic profiling to evaluate cellular response to tris(1,3 dichloro 2 propyl)phosphate
Authors: Haque Md Mamunul , Voitsitskyi Taras , Lee Jun-Seok
Published: March 2022

Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate (TDCPP) has been suspected to cause toxicity invertebrates, but its phenotypic effects and the underlying regulatory mechanism have not been fully revealed. Generally, cellular responses tightly control and affect various phenotypes. The scope of the whole organism or cellular toxicological phenotyping, however, has been limited, and quantitative analysis methods using phenotype data have not been fully established. Here, we demonstrated that fluorescence imaging of sub-organelle-based phenomic analysis together with transcriptomic profiling can enable a comprehensive understanding of correlations between molecular and phenomic events. To reveal the cellular response to TDCPP exposure, we obtained three sub-organelle images as fluorescent phenotypes. Transcriptomic perturbation data were measured from the RNA-seq experiment, and both profiling results were analyzed together. Interestingly, organelle phenomic data showed a unique fluorescent intensity increase in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and pathway analysis using transcriptomic data also revealed that ER was significantly enriched in gene ontology terms. Following the series of analyses, RNA-seq data also revealed potential carcinogenic effects of TDCPP. Our multi-dimensional profiling approach for organophosphate chemicals can uniquely correlate phenotypic changes with transcriptomic perturbations.
The clinical application of a scoring protocol to select endarterectomy or stenting for carotid artery stenosis
Authors: Chung Joonho , Kim Jung-Jae , Kim Yong Bae , Suh Sang Hyun , Lee Kyung-Yul
Published: March 2022

Previously we described the protocol-based decision for choosing the proper surgical treatment option for carotid stenosis. The objective of this study is to describe our experiences of using this scoring protocol in the selection of endarterectomy or stenting for carotid stenosis. Between October 2014 and March 2018, the scoring protocol was applied to a total of 105 consecutive patients. Eighty (76.2%) patients had symptomatic stenosis ≥ 50%, and 25 (23.8%) patients had asymptomatic stenosis ≥ 80%. We also speculated about how effectively the protocol worked in the real clinical setting. Stenting was performed in 73 patients and endarterectomy in 32 patients. Overall, 98 (93.3%) patients were treated according to the protocol, while the protocol was violated in seven (6.7%) patients. Sixty-one (58.1%) patients received treatments that were decided by the protocol. There were 37 (35.2%) patients who had the same score for both treatment options. Among these patients, 28 patients underwent stenting and nine patients underwent endarterectomy. In the stenting cases, 90.4% of the patients followed the protocol and violations occurred in 9.6%. In the endarterectomy cases, all of the patients followed the protocol. Overall, one patient had a procedure-related complication without morbidity. During the 12-month follow-ups, there were no restenoses or major strokes. Minor strokes were diagnosed in three (2.8%) patients. In patients with carotid artery stenosis, stenting and endarterectomy should be considered simultaneously together, not against each other. Our scoring protocol can be used to weigh these options and applied in clinical practice.
Application of fingernail samples as a biomarker for human exposure to arsenic-contaminated drinking waters
Authors: Shokoohi Reza , Khazaei Mohammad , Karami Manoochehr , Seid-mohammadi Abdolmotaleb , Khazaei Salman , Torkshavand Zahra
Published: March 2022

This study evaluated the relationship between arsenic uptake via drinking water ingestion and arsenic concentration in fingernails as a biomarker for human exposure. For this purpose, we collected fingernail samples from 40 healthy participants of arsenic-affected rural regions of Kaboudrahang County, the west of Iran. A total of 49 fingernail samples were also collected from individuals who lived in areas where contamination of drinking water sources with arsenic had not been reported. It was found that the fingernails arsenic contents in 50 and 4.08% of the samples collected from arsenic-contaminated and reference villages were higher than the normal arsenic values of nails (0.43–1.08 µg/g), respectively. Based on the results of adjusted multiple linear regression, a significant association was found between groundwater and fingernails arsenic concentration (p < 0.001). Moreover, a statistically significant association was shown between arsenic in the fingernail samples and gender (p = 0.037). Fingernails arsenic contents were not significantly affected by other variables including age, smoking habits, and BMI (p > 0.05). In light of the results of this study, the use of biological indicators such as fingernail tissues due to easier sampling and less risk of external contamination is suitable for assessing exposure to heavy metals in contaminated areas.
N-doped graphitized carbon supported Co@Ru core–shell bimetallic catalyst for hydrogen storage of N-ethylcarbazole
Authors: Qin Yibo , Bai Xuefeng
Published: March 2022

We investigate the hydrogenation of one promising liquid organic hydrogen carrier N-ethylcarbazole on the N-doped graphitized carbon (NGC) supported Co@Ru core–shell bimetallic catalyst.
Revealing the peculiar local behavior of manganese and cobalt in diffusion-doped calcium orthovanadate Ca3(VO4)2
Authors: Kuz'micheva Galina M. , Ivleva Liudmila I. , Kaurova Irina A. , Khramov Evgeny V. , Lazarenko Vladimir A. , Rybakov Victor B. , Svetogorov Roman D. , Doroshenko Maxim E.
Published: March 2022

The local environment of manganese and cobalt in diffusion doped Ca3(VO4)2 crystals was experimentally evidenced: tetrahedral coordination and the coordination intermediate between tetrahedral and octahedral was revealed for Mn(2+δ)+ and Co2+ ions.
Adding exogenous protein relieves the toxicity of nanoparticles to anammox granular sludge by adsorption and the formation of eco-coronas
Authors: Ma Wen-Jie , Wang Xin , Zhang Jiang-Tao , Guo Jie-Yun , Lin Yan-Xu , Yao Yu-Xi , Li Gui-Feng , Cheng Ya-Fei , Fan Nian-Si , Jin Ren-Cun
Published: March 2022

MgO nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used in bactericides, fuel cells and electronic materials and are frequently detected in aquatic environments.
A laser-driven optical atomizer: photothermal generation and transport of zeptoliter-droplets along a carbon nanotube deposited hollow optical fiber
Authors: Lee Hyeonwoo , Partanen Mikko , Lee Mingyu , Jeong Sunghoon , Lee Hyeung Joo , Kim Kwanpyo , Ryu Wonhyoung , Dholakia Kishan , Oh Kyunghwan
Published: March 2022

This paper presents a novel atomizing methodology along the single strand of an optical fiber integrated with single-walled carbon nanotubes. Based on this photonic device, numerous droplets generation with zeptoliter volume scale was confirmed.
Synthesis and structures of fluoride-bridged dysprosium clusters: influence of fluoride ions on magnetic relaxation behaviors
Authors: Yuan Qiong , Meng Yin-Shan , Zhang Yi-Quan , Gao Chen , Liu Shan-Shan , Wang Bing-Wu , Gao Song
Published: March 2022

The synthesis of fluoride-bridged 1Dy, 2Dy and hepta-nuclear 3Dy dysprosium complexes is reported here and a hydroxy-bridged dinuclear dysprosium complex 4Dy is synthesized for comparison.
Maximizing hydrogen production by AB hydrolysis with Pt@cobalt oxide/N,O-rich carbon and alkaline ultrasonic irradiation
Authors: Gu Bingni , Sun Ting , Wang Yi , Long Yan , Fu Jinsong , Fan Guangyin
Published: March 2022

Considerable hydrogen production from ammonia borane hydrolysis was achieved by Pt@cobalt oxide/N,O-rich carbon under ultrasonic irradiation in basic solution.
Wearable microfluidic-based e-skin sweat sensors
Authors: Tabasum Humairah , Gill Nikita , Mishra Rahul , Lone Saifullah
Published: March 2022

Electronic skins are soft wearable devices that emulate attributes of human skin and act as a human–machine interface for early prediction and real-time monitoring of disease.
Generation of mode-locked pulses based on D-shaped fiber with CdTe as a saturable absorber in the C-band region
Authors: Ahmad Harith , Mansor Nur Hidayah , Reduan Siti Aiyah , Ramli Rizal
Published: March 2022

This study demonstrates the potential of cadmium telluride (CdTe), a part of the quantum dot (QD) family, as a saturable absorber (SA) to generate ultrashort pulses at the C-band region.
Large electrocaloric effect with high thermal and electric field cycling stability in solution-processed Y:HfO2 thin films
Authors: Samanta Shibnath , Anoop Gopinathan , Seol WooJun , Park Seong Min , Joh HyunJin , Choi Je Oh , Ahn Dante , Unithrattil Sanjith , Kim Hoon , Yeom Jiwon , Hong Seungbum , Jo Ji Young
Published: March 2022

Si/Y-HfO2/Pt shows a large electrocaloric temperature change (ΔT) of 24.84 K with high reliability on thermal and electrical field cycling.
Large-scale cascade cooling performance evaluation of adsorbent/water working pairs by integrated mathematical modelling and machine learning
Authors: Liu Zhilu , Li Wei , Cai Shanshan , Tu Zhengkai , Luo Xiaobing , Li Song
Published: March 2022

The cooling performance of over 90 000 adsorbent/water combinations in cascaded adsorption chillers are evaluated based on experimental water adsorption isotherm by mathematical modeling, as well as efficiently predicted by machine learning models.
Development of poly(p-coumaric acid) as a self-anticancer nanocarrier for efficient and biosafe cancer therapy
Authors: Wang Liying , You Xinru , Dai Chunlei , Fang Yifen , Wu Jun
Published: March 2022

This work developed a self-anticancer nanocarrier based on bioactive poly(p-coumaric acid) for the effective delivery of docetaxel, achieving enhanced therapeutic efficacy against colon cancer.
Synthesis of spiropyrans via the Rh(iii)-catalyzed annulation of 3-aryl-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazines with diazo ketoesters
Authors: Zhang Jing Jing , Zhang Mengying , Lu Mingxin , He Yuhao , Li Song , Fan Liangxin , Zhang Xinle , Wu Jia-Kai , Yang Xifa
Published: March 2022

An efficient Rh(iii)-catalyzed 1 : 2 coupling of 3-aryl-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazines with diazo ketoesters has been realized via twofold C–H activation followed by unusual [3+3] and [4+2] annulation, providing a straightforward strategy to access polycyclic spiropyrans.
Electronic versatility of vanadium in tris-chelates with redox-active ligands
Authors: Sproules Stephen
Published: March 2022

Neutral tris-dioxolene vanadium complexes possess a central V(v) ion and fully delocalised Class III ligand mixed valency.
Stoichiometric couplings of methylarenes through visible-light-induced bromo radical formation from aryl halides
Authors: Wang Qiao-Lin , Sun Zhaozhao , Huang Huawen , Mao Guojiang , Deng Guo-Jun
Published: March 2022

The unique merger of photocatalysis, nickel catalysis and bromo radical-enhanced HAT proved to be the key to the success of stoichiometric couplings of methylarenes and aryl bromine.
Synthesis of functionalized 1-aminoisoquinolines through cascade three-component reaction of ortho-alkynylbenzaldoximes, 2H-azirines, and electrophiles
Authors: Hosseinijei Reyhaneh , Zahedian Tejeneki Hossein , Nikbakht Ali , Rominger Frank , Balalaie Saeed
Published: March 2022

An efficient strategy for the synthesis of functionalized 1-aminoisoquinoline derivatives has been developed through the reaction of o-alkynylbenzaldoximes with 2H-azirines using electrophiles.
Correction: Incorporation of Fmoc-Dab(Mtt)-OH during solid-phase peptide synthesis: a word of caution
Authors: Lam Pak-Lun , Wu Yue , Wong Ka-Leung
Published: March 2022

Correction for ‘Incorporation of Fmoc-Dab(Mtt)-OH during solid-phase peptide synthesis: a word of caution’ by Pak-Lun Lam et al., Org. Biomol. Chem., 2022, DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00070a.
Platinum-containing heterometallic complexes in cancer therapy: advances and perspectives
Authors: Ma Lili , Li Luwei , Zhu Guangyu
Published: March 2022

This review focuses on Pt–M heterometallic complexes (M = Ru, Au, Ti, Fe, Rh, Pd, Cu, Ir, Gd, Eu, Re and Tc) for cancer therapy. The design, anticancer activities, mechanism of action, and interplay between different metal center(s) are discussed.
The unique sandwich K6Be2B6H6 cluster with a real borozene B6H6 core
Authors: Wang Ying-Jin , Feng Lin-Yan , Yan Miao , Miao Chang-Qing , Feng Su-Qin , Zhai Hua-Jin
Published: March 2022

The fascinating sandwich K6Be2B6H6 cluster with a real borozene ring, being stabilized collectively by three-fold 2σ/6π/2σ aromaticity.
Stimulus-responsive self-assembled prodrugs in cancer therapy
Authors: Dong Xiao , Brahma Rajeev K. , Fang Chao , Yao Shao Q.
Published: March 2022

Various prodrug conjugation strategies and innovative linker chemistries that exploit tumor-associated stimuli are summarized in this review to provide deep insights into the engineering of self-assembled prodrugs for efficient cancer therapy.
A chemical lithiation induced Li4.4Sn lithiophilic layer for anode-free lithium metal batteries
Authors: Zhang Zibo , Luo Hao , Liu Zhenyuan , Wang Shuhui , Zhou Xufeng , Liu Zhaoping
Published: March 2022

A lithiophilic Li4.4Sn layer is conducive to fast electrochemical kinetics and induces higher nucleation density, which facilitates the epitaxial dense deposition of Li ions.
Superior energy storage performance in (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3-based lead-free relaxor ferroelectrics for dielectric capacitor application via multiscale optimization design
Authors: Li Chongyang , Liu Jikang , Bai Wangfeng , Wu Shiting , Zheng Peng , Zhang Jingji , Pan Zhongbin , Zhai Jiwei
Published: March 2022

A high-performance lead-free relaxor ferroelectric ceramic capacitor designed by a multiscale optimization strategy for energy storage applications.
Enhanced charge collection and surface activity of a CuBi2O4 photocathode via crystal facet engineering
Authors: Tan Bing , Liu Bo , Sun Mengdi , Li Yingtao , Cao Zhen , Zhang Zemin
Published: March 2022

A crystal facet engineering approach was applied to prepare a rod-like CuBi2O4 photocathode dominated with the stable and active (002) facet to boost performance by enhancing the surface activity and improving the charge collection.
Photo-switchable supramolecular comb-like polymer brush based on host–guest recognition for use as antimicrobial smart surface
Authors: Zheng Si Yu , Ni Yifeng , Zhou Jiahui , Gu Yucong , Wang Yiting , Yuan Jingfeng , Wang Xiaoyu , Zhang Dong , Liu Shanqiu , Yang Jintao
Published: March 2022

A hydrophilic comb polymer brush was constructed for the functional surface based on host–guest recognition. This brush performed functions that were a combination of antifouling, antibacterial action, bacterial release, and surface regeneration.
Amphiphilic silicones to mitigate lens epithelial cell growth on intraocular lenses
Authors: Marmo Alec C. , Rodriguez Cruz J. Jesus , Pickett Jackson H. , Lott Lucas R. , Theibert Dustin S. , Chandler Heather L. , Grunlan Melissa A.
Published: March 2022

PEO-silane amphiphiles as surface modifying additives allowed for tunable properties with the potential to produce LEC-resistant silicone IOLs.
Drawing Talking: Listening to Children With Speech Sound Disorders
Authors: McCormack Jane , McLeod Sharynne , Harrison Linda J. , Holliday Erin L.
Published: March 2022

Purpose:

Listening to children using age-appropriate techniques supports evidence-based clinical decision-making. In this article, we test the Sound Effects Study Drawing Protocol, an arts-based technique, to support children with speech sound disorder (SSD) to express their views about talking.

Method:

Participants were 124 Australian children aged 4–5 years in the Sound Effects Study. Their parents and teachers were concerned about their talking, and they were assessed as having SSD on the Diagnostic Evaluation of Articulation and Phonology. Drawings and children's interpretations were elicited then analyzed using the (a) Who Am I? Draw-a-Person Scale and (b) Sound Effects Study Focal Points.

Results:

Drawings were developmentally typical for 4- to 5-year-olds. The six Sound Effects Study Focal Points were identified across the 124 drawings: body parts and facial expressions, talking and listening, relationships and connection, positivity, negativity, and no talking. Participants portrayed talking and listening as an action requiring mouths and ears represented by symbols (letters, speech bubbles) or as an activity with a variety of people. Children typically portrayed themselves as happy when talking; however, some portrayed negativity and some chose not to draw talking.

Conclusions:

In keeping with Articles 12 and 13 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, this research demonstrated that 4- to 5-year-old children with SSD can express their views about talking via drawing. Professionals may use the Sound Effects Study Drawing Protocol as a child-friendly technique to support children to express views to guide holistic, evidence-based, child-centered speech-language pathology practice.
How to Document Scientific and Clinical Impact of Research: Six Steps to Success
Authors: Nicholson Nannette , Smith Sherri L.
Published: March 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this article was to provide a brief tutorial about impact metrics and how to use these metrics to document scientific impact. In addition, examples are provided that describe possible ways to document clinical impact of research.

Method:

We briefly introduce traditional bibliometrics for journals (e.g., impact factor), articles (e.g., citation counts), and authors (e.g.,
h
index). We describe alternative metrics (i.e., altmetrics) that focus on other types of dissemination metrics such as usage (e.g., downloads, reads, and views), engagement (e.g., comments, shares, and replies), and attention (e.g., Altmetric Attention Score). We also discuss how these metrics are used by others to make decisions about employment, tenure and promotion, funding, and the like. We detail six steps to documenting the scientific and clinical impact of your research. Steps include establishing an ORCID (Open Researcher and Contributor ID) account, creating research profiles on academic platforms, engaging in broad dissemination activities, harvesting bibliometric and altmetric data, adding bibliometric and altmetric information to your curriculum vitae (CV), and submitting your promotion and tenure portfolio with confidence. Examples for ways in which scientific impact and clinical impact of research can be documented on your CV are provided.

Results:

Readers will have an introductory understanding of bibliometrics and altmetrics and how these data may be used in the evaluation of their research impact and reach. Some strategies are offered as means to increase scientific and clinical impact of research using research profiles on academic platforms. Others are suggestions for documenting scholarly activity aimed to increase clinical impact of research.

Conclusions:

Creating profiles with organizations that document scientific impact and engaging in the research community using less traditional methods may allow researchers to achieve a broader reach and greater clinical impact for their research. Documenting such research outputs should facilitate a researcher's career advancement.
Correlations ofr-process elements in very metal-poor stars as clues to their nucleosynthesis sites
Authors: Farouqi K. , Thielemann F.-K. , Rosswog S. , Kratz K.-L.
Published: March 2022

Aims.Various nucleosynthesis studies have pointed out that ther-process elements in very metal-poor (VMP) halo stars might have different origins. By means of familiar concepts from statistics (correlations, cluster analysis, and rank tests of elemental abundances), we look for causally correlated elemental abundance patterns and attempt to link them to astrophysical events. Some of these events produce ther-process elements jointly with iron, while others do not have any significant iron contribution. We try to (a) characterize these different types of events by their abundance patterns and (b) identify them among the existing set of suggestedr-process sites.

Methods.The Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients were used in order to investigate correlations amongr-process elements (X,Y) as well as their relation to iron (Fe) in VMP halo stars. We gradually tracked the evolution of those coefficients in terms of the element enrichments [X/Fe] or [X/Y] and the metallicity [Fe/H]. This approach, aided by cluster analysis to find different structures of abundance patterns and rank tests to identify whether several events contributed to the observed pattern, is new and provides deeper insights into the abundances of VMP stars.

Results.In the early stage of our Galaxy, at least threer-process nucleosynthesis sites have been active. The first two produce and eject iron and the majority of the lighterr-process elements. We assign them to two different types of core-collapse events, not identical to regular core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe), which produce only light trans-Fe elements. The third category is characterized by a strongr-process and is responsible for the major fraction of the heavy mainr-process elements without a significant coproduction of Fe. It does not appear to be connected to CCSNe, in fact most of the Fe found in the relatedr-process enriched stars must come from previously occurring CCSNe. The existence of actinide boost stars indicates a further division among strongr-process sites. We assign these two strongr-process sites to neutron star mergers without fast black hole formation and to events where the ejecta are dominated by black hole accretion disk outflows. Indications from the lowest-metallicity stars hint at a connection with massive single stars (collapsars) forming black holes in the early Galaxy.
Spectral softening in core-collapse supernova remnant expanding inside wind-blown bubble
Authors: Das Samata , Brose Robert , Meyer Dominique M.-A. , Pohl Martin , Sushch Iurii , Plotko Pavlo
Published: March 2022

Context. Galactic cosmic rays (CRs) are widely assumed to arise from diffusive shock acceleration, specifically at shocks in supernova remnants (SNRs). These shocks expand in a complex environment, particularly in the core-collapse scenario as these SNRs evolve inside the wind-blown bubbles created by their progenitor stars. The CRs at core-collapse SNRs may carry spectral signatures of that complexity.

Aims. We study particle acceleration in the core-collapse SNR of a progenitor with an initial mass of 60 M⊙ and realistic stellar evolution. The SNR shock interacts with discontinuities inside the wind-blown bubble and generates several transmitted and reflected shocks. We analyse their impact on particle spectra and the resulting emission from the remnant.

Methods. To model the particle acceleration at the forward shock of a SNR expanding inside a wind bubble, we initially simulated the evolution of the pre-supernova circumstellar medium (CSM) by solving the hydrodynamic equations for the entire lifetime of the progenitor star. As the large-scale magnetic field, we considered parameterised circumstellar magnetic field with passive field transport. We then solved the hydrodynamic equations for the evolution of a SNR inside the pre-supernova CSM simultaneously with the transport equation for CRs in test-particle approximation and with the induction equation for the magnetohydrodynamics in 1D spherical symmetry.

Results. The evolution of a core-collapse SNR inside a complex wind-blown bubble modifies the spectra of both the particles and their emission on account of several factors including density fluctuations, temperature variations, and the magnetic field configuration. We find softer particle spectra with spectral indices close to 2.5 during shock propagation inside the shocked wind, and this softness persists at later evolutionary stages. Further, our calculated total production spectrum released into the interstellar medium demonstrates spectral consistency at high energy (HE) with the injection spectrum of Galactic CRs, which is required in propagation models. The magnetic field structure effectively influences the emission morphology of SNRs as it governs the transportation of particles and the synchrotron emissivity. There is rarely a full correspondence of the intensity morphology in the radio, X-ray, and gamma-ray bands.
TUVOpipe: A pipeline to search for UV transients with Swift-UVOT
Authors: Modiano David , Wijnands Rudy , Parikh Aastha , van Opijnen Jari , Verberne Sill , van Etten Marieke
Published: March 2022

Despite the prevalence of transient-searching facilities operating across most wavelengths, the ultraviolet (UV) transient sky remains to be systematically studied. Therefore, we recently initiated the Transient Ultraviolet Objects (TUVO) project, with which we search for serendipitous UV transients in data obtained using currently available UV instruments with a strong focus on the UV and Optical (UVOT) telescope aboard the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory (an overview of the project is described in a companion paper). Here, we describe the pipeline (named TUVOpipe) we constructed in order to find such transients in the UVOT data, using difference image analysis. The pipeline is run daily on all new public UVOT data (which are available 6–8 h after the observations are performed), so we discover transients in near real time. Transients that last >0.5 days are therefore still active when discovered, allowing for follow-up observations to be performed. From 01 October 2020 to the time of submission, we used the TUVOpipe to process 75 183 individual UVOT images, and we currently detect an average rate of ~100 transient candidates per day. Of these daily candidates, on average ~30% are real transients (separated by human vetting from the remaining “bogus” transients which were not discarded automatically within the pipeline). Most of the real transients correspond to known variable stars, though we also detect a significant number of known active galactic nuclei and accreting white dwarfs. The TUVOpipe can additionally run in archival mode, whereby all the archival UVOT data of a given field is scoured for ‘historical’ transients; in this mode, we also mostly find variable stars. However, some of the transients we find (in particular in the real-time mode) represent previously unreported new transients or undiscovered outbursts of previously known transients, predominantly outbursts from cataclysmic variables. In this paper, we describe the operation of (both modes of) TUVOpipe and some of the initial results we have obtained so far.
BEYONDPLANCK
Authors: Svalheim T. L. , Andersen K. J. , Aurlien R. , Banerji R. , Bersanelli M. , Bertocco S. , Brilenkov M. , Carbone M. , Colombo L. P. L. , Eriksen H. K. , Foss M. K. , Franceschet C. , Fuskeland U. , Galeotta S. , Galloway M. , Gerakakis S. , Gjerløw E. , Hensley B. , Herman D. , Iacobellis M. , Ieronymaki M. , Ihle H. T. , Jewell J. B. , Karakci A. , Keihänen E. , Keskitalo R. , Maggio G. , Maino D. , Maris M. , Paradiso S. , Partridge B. , Reinecke M. , Suur-Uski A.-S. , Tavagnacco D. , Thommesen H. , Watts D. J. , Wehus I. K. , Zacchei A.
Published: March 2022

Using the Planck Low Frequency Instrument (LFI) and WMAP data within the global Bayesian BEYONDPLANCK framework, we constrained the polarized foreground emission between 30 and 70 GHz. We combined, for the first time, full-resolution Planck LFI time-ordered data with low-resolution WMAP sky maps at 33, 40, and 61 GHz. The spectral parameters were fit with a likelihood defined at the native resolution of each frequency channel. This analysis represents the first implementation of true multi-resolution component separation applied to CMB observations for both amplitude and spectral energy distribution (SED) parameters. For the synchrotron emission, we approximated the SED as a power-law in frequency and we find that the low signal-to-noise ratio of the current data strongly limits the number of free parameters that can be robustly constrained. We partitioned the sky into four large disjoint regions (High Latitude; Galactic Spur; Galactic Plane; and Galactic Center), each associated with its own power-law index. We find that the High Latitude region is prior-dominated, while the Galactic Center region is contaminated by residual instrumental systematics. The two remaining regions appear to be signal-dominated, and for these we derive spectral indices of βsSpur = −3.17 ± 0.06 and βsPlane = −3.03 ± 0.07, which is in good agreement with previous results. For the thermal dust emission, we assumed a modified blackbody model and we fit a single power-law index across the full sky. We find βd = 1.64 ± 0.03, which is slightly steeper than the value reported in Planck HFI data, but still statistically consistent at the 2σ confidence level.