bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fuel Consumption Reduction By Use Of Hybrid Drive Systems
Authors: Renken Folker
Published: August 2015

Vehicles with hybrid drive systems are characterized by their driving dynamics, their energy efficiency and their environment-friendliness especially. Dependent on the electrical power and the drive train structure these hybrid drives are grouped into different classes. Designations such as micro-hybrid, mild- hybrid, full-hybrid, serial-hybrid, serial/parallel-hybrid or power-split-hybrid reflect the large variance of these different drive train possibilities. In hybrid drive systems electronically controlled converters take an important role. With such a converter also the energy exchange between electrical power system and electrical machine is regulated. The reduction of the vehicle fuel consumption here is of special interest. Today's hybrid vehicles use for the control mainly information from the present driving conditions, taking into account the actual electrical power system-charge as well as the power demand of the driver. With such a control already considerable fuel reductions are reached. But additionally superimposed control and information systems promise substantial potential for more fuel reduction. With these systems an outstanding energy-saving and anticipatory way of driving could be realized. The aim is to find the best operating point in each case for the combustion engine and to adapt the charge state of the electrical power system to the respective driving situation.
Evaluation of an Initiative to Increase Exclusive Breastfeeding Among Rural Hispanic Women
Authors: Pitcock Naomi , Drake Emily , Kulbok Pamela A. , Pineda Kimberly , Gibson Mary , Yoder Laura
Published: August 2015

Background: There is a growing Hispanic population in the U.S. healthcare providers, and lactation consultants are challenged to design targeted, culturally competent programs to support immigrant populations.

Objective: To evaluate a prenatal education
program using intercultural communication strategies designed to increase the number of Hispanic women who choose to exclusively breastfeed their newborns

Methods: A 2-group quasi-experimental design was used to test the educational intervention. The sample consisted of 71
Hispanic women who were pregnant, low income, and uninsured. Participation in the class was voluntary and used a convenience sample. Data regarding intention to breastfeed and breastfeeding during hospitalization was gathered through chart review.

Results: Reaching statistical
significance, 41% of the mothers who attended the educational intervention achieved exclusive breastfeeding at discharge from the hospital, compared to only 3.1% of the usual care group.

Conclusions: The outcomes of this program evaluation can add to the body of knowledge
on successful breastfeeding interventions in the Hispanic population and may provide a model for others who are designing culturally competent interventions in their communities.
Mechanistic Models for Predicting Sand Production: A Case Study of Niger Delta Wells
Authors: Udebhulu Dickson O. , Ogbe David O.
Published: August 2015

Niger Delta Province is predominantly a friable, unconsolidated sandstone terrain which is susceptible to sand production while developing hydrocarbon reserves in such terrain. In this study, a simple and easy-to-use mechanistic model for predicting sand production rate (SPR) in Niger-Delta wells was developed by coupling the static sanding criteria and the dynamic requirement for fluidization of the produced sand. A generic mechanistic model that incorporates the concept of dimensionless quantities associated with sanding was developed; the quantities considered include the loading factor, Reynolds Number, water cut and gas-liquid ratio, GLR. The output from the proposed model is a dimensionless sand production rate (SPR) correlation index. Results indicated that every reservoir has a unique SPR correlation index which represents its propensity to produce sand or its sanding identity.

The developed model was validated by comparing its predictions with field data and the results showed an acceptable maximum deviation of less than 6% in the wells of an onshore asset investigated in the Niger Delta. Compared to existing models, the proposed model predicts better results especially when GLR is significantly high. The applications of this study include reservoir management, completion design, perforation design, sand monitoring strategy, design of surface facilities and pipelines, and analysis of field development plans and economics.
Determination of Pressure Drop in a Natural Folwing Gas Well using Nodal Analysis
Authors: Dala J. A. , Agbaka O. O. , Olafuyi O. A. , Adewole E. S.
Published: August 2015

If a well loses it producing potential before depletion, then the pressure analysis of the well system should be carried out to ascertain the cause. Nodal analysis, is one of the analysis methods which is aimed at analysing pressure distributions across different nodes. This analysis will serve as a guide to revamping the well. This paper utilizes nodal analysis simulation approach to study the cause of pressure drop in a well system.

Inflow performance relation (IPR) and vertical lift performance (VLP) were used to determine the pressure distribution in the well attainable at various flow rates and wellbore condition.

Results show that nodal analysis method can be used to obtain prevailing well bottom hole pressures at various flow rate, the flow rates responsible for a unit pressure drop in a well system, the pressure loss across perforation and tubing using IPR and VLP of the well system respectively. Well completion strategies are adequately advisable from application of nodal analysis.
Applying Gyro While Drilling Technology to Enhance Tophole Drilling: Niger Delta Experience
Authors: Okwu Alaekwe Ewelike , Hughes Ex-Baker
Published: August 2015

Drilling topholes with MWD tools that use magnetometers as their directional sensor poses challenges when wells are closely spaced due to magnetic interference from the casing of offset wells. Failure to attain reliable directional data under these conditions invalidates collision avoidance rules, increasing risk of collision with offset wells and well position uncertainty.

As a result, gyroscopic directional measurements are used in place of magnetic measurements of traditional MWD tools until the well is far enough away to be sufficiently free of magnetic interference. Gyro sensors are traditionally deployed in one of two ways: either go-devil or on wireline. In go-devil the gyro sensor is dropped into the drillstring to seat on a universal bottom-hole orienting sub (UBHO) in the BHA while in wireline the gyro is run on wireline to seat on a UBHO in the BHA. The drop gyro is usually a multi-shot gyro while the wireline gyro is usually a single shot gyro.

These methods are; time consuming, increase the risk of stuck pipe incident, higher directional sensor to bit offset, require more personnel and results in more cost. Gyro-while-drilling (GWD) technology significantly reduces these disadvantages. In GWD the gyro sensor is deployed as a part of the BHA. This eliminates the time spent in running WLSSG (Wireline Single Shot Gyro) or waiting for the drop gyro, the extra personnel required and the risk of stuck pipe. It may also eliminate the need for a drop gyro for surveying the conductor casing and brings the directional sensor closer to the bit, improving directional drilling performance and reducing collision risk.

The paper will discuss the advantages offered by GWD technology over the drop or wireline gyro by making a detailed comparison of two top holes; one drilled using the WLSSG and the other with GWD tool. These wells are located in an onshore field in the Niger Delta. Surrounding these wells are two other wells each with a slot spacing of about 19.6ft. These wells produce a gas reservoir at about 10,000ft. The paper will also make a comparison of surveys taken by GWD and MWD in the same wellbore and how they fit with the error models used to determine position uncertainty in well planning. It also would highlight the combination of GWD and MWD in a single BHA so that a trip is not required to switch over to MWD surveys and highlight possible future improvements to the GWD system.
Solution-By-Elimination (SBE) Approach to Root-Cause-Analysis in Production Operations: SPDC Field Case Study.
Authors: Sukubo Ibianga , Nwabueze Vincent , Okoro Chidi , Chiejina Leo
Published: August 2015

Engineering problems may be easy to solve when they are properly understood and straight forward. Often times, most oil and gas industry problems pose multifaceted reasoning challenges to the engineer and an array of possible answers only make the solution complex. Many projects have been stalled due to complexities they pose and others have suffered unending futile efforts trying to address the cause of problem. Sometimes there may appear to be several very likely causes deducible from analyses. However, there can only be one remote cause and the identification of that remote cause is the end result of the Solution-By-Elimination (SBE) approach; the solution consequently will be fit-for-purpose addressing the main cause of problem and adding value to SPDC business.

The SBE is a systematic and sequential end-to-end process that considers careful observation of evidence, identification and enlistment of all possible/probable causes of a problem, analysing and narrowing down to the root cause. It is a stop-gap approach in successfully solving complex oil and gas problems.

This paper presents the experiences gathered from solving observed production problems in selected SPDC fields, to provide basic guidance to identifying the root-cause of complex oil and gas industry problems using the Solution-By-Elimination (SBE) Approach. Illustrations from selected case studies in some SPDC fields: Case 1 is a complicated case of severe (over 100ft of sand) sand build-up in a dump-flood type injection well and the result of analysis showed that the sand was from the target (injected) zone caused by a late time re-perforation event whereas Case 2 is a case of repeated flowline approach sectional failure and the root-cause of the failure was adjudged to be Cavitation Erosion.
Preliminary Investigation of Temperature and Pressure Measurement System for Down-hole Monitoring of Oil Wells Using FBG/EFPI Sensing Technique
Authors: Udoh S. , Njuguna J. , Prabhu R. , Chirappuram B. , Radhakrishnan P.
Published: August 2015

To overcome the limitations of conventional electronic sensors currently used for downhole monitoring of oil and gas wells, including drastic reduction in reliability, long term instability and susceptibility to electromagnetic interference, a multiplexed fibre Bragg grating (FBG)/extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer (EFPI) sensor for simultaneous measurement of temperature and pressure is reported. Analysis of the spectral characterization is presented and a de-multiplexing mathematical model for the multiplexed sensor is proposed. This configuration is used to eliminate the issue of temperature-pressure cross-sensitivity and effectively improve the resolution of the sensor system. Experimental results show good linearity between the Bragg wavelength shift and the physical parameters (temperature and pressure), high sensitivity and high accuracy.
Aquifer Matching With Material Balance Using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm – PSO
Authors: Ottah D. G. , Ikiensikimama S. S. , Matemilola S. A.
Published: August 2015

Reservoir modelling is repeatedly employed in petroleum reservoir studies to understand and analyse petroleum reservoirs, evaluate and/or quantify subsurface uncertainties and to generate production forecasts. For the reservoir to be described and understood with sufficient accuracy, the presence of an external energy in the reservoir must be identified and described. One of the key petroleum tools employed for this endeavouris the Material Balance. Itcan be used to understand the reservoir behaviour, including the size and response of any connecting aquifer that may be present.

This study focuses on the application of a non-deterministic method - Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm (PSO) in identification and estimation of the aquifer properties – aquifer-to-reservoir radius ratio and original oil in place in a petroleum reservoir. The method can be applied to both simple and complex reservoirs for quick analysis and interpretation of historical production data. While current methods use a deterministic approach to generate an ‘optimum’ solution, PSO generates an ensemble of solutions making it possible to estimate the uncertainty bandwidth and thus a confidence interval for certain parameters. This is done by applying the Havlena-Odeh material balance equation and by using production data available. We show that Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm is able to identify the aquifer-to-reservoir radius ratio and original oil in place uncertainty bandwidth. Furthermore, a P90 analysis of the results obtained compared fairly well to other methods and actual results.
Petroleum Source Rock Potential of the Upper Benue Trough, Nigeria: Implications for Hydrocarbon Exploration
Authors: Raji Jamiudeen Kayode , Adebowale Ademola Olabisi
Published: August 2015

Forty six (46) shale samples were collected from borehole, quarry and outcrop in the Northern Benue Trough which consists of Gongola and Yola Basins respectively. The Gongola Basin comprises Bima Formation, the Yolde Formation, Pindiga/Gongila Formation and capped with Gombe Formation whereas the Yola Bain consists of Bima Formation, Yolde Formation, Dukul/Jessu/Numanha Formation and capped with Lamja Formation. The samples were subjected to vitrinite reflectance, Rock Eval pyrolysis and infrared spectroscopy in order to evaluate their organic richness, thermal maturity and petroleum generating potential. The total organic carbon (TOC) values of the Gongola Basin are between 0.20 and 2.46 wt. % averaging 0.70 wt. % while that of Yola Basin range from 0.11 to 12.9 wt. % averaging 1.50 wt. %. The mean random vitrinite reflectance (Rom) values in the Gongola Basin range from 0.48% in the Gombe Formation to 0.65% in the Pindiga Formation and 0.67% in the Gongila Formation. Also, the reflectance values in the Yola Basin increase with stratigraphic age ranging from 0.63 to 0.80% in the Dukul and Yolde Formations respectively. The thermal maturity of the organic matter (Tmax) values from the pyrolysis of shales in the Gongola Basin is between 420 and 440°C while that of Yola Basin range from 435 to 445°C. The plot of hydrogen index (HI) vs Tmax for classification of kerogen in the Gongila and Pindiga Formations reveals prevalence of Type III kerogen while that of Dukul and Yolde Formations shows Type II – III kerogen. The results obtained suggest that Gongola Basin source rocks are fair and thermally immature to marginally mature and have potential to generate gas in the deeply buried section whereas the Yola Basin source rock are between fair to good and thermally mature with potential to generate oil and gas in the deeper section.
Saturation Height Modelling in a Partially Appraised Gas Field using analogue Field Core Data: An optimisation case study of ZAN Field in the Niger Delta
Authors: Olakunle Iyowu , Chinedu Anijekwu , Udoka Nwabudike , Muyiwa Esho
Published: August 2015

Saturation height modelling is a critical input into 3-D based resource volume estimates. Calibrating saturation height models with in-field core data, particularly from the reservoir of interest, helps to reduce the uncertainties in reservoir saturation estimates. Due to paucity of Core data in most fields; Saturation height modelling is usually done with wireline logs only, using analytical equations. These equations sometimes do not have unique solutions with the same set of log data. The accuracy of the derived solutions is further reduced when these fits are derived without calibration to core data. Some of the log-only model-fits may also not have physical meaning even when there are good visual match with saturation profile at well points; thus failing when exported into a reservoir simulator. It is therefore pertinent to find a way of constraining the results from log-derived capillary models with fitting parameters obtained using core data from analogue fields in the absence of in-situ core data in subject field.

The paper demonstrates the value in the use of analogue field core data for calibration of log-derived saturation model. ZAN field is a partially appraised field that has been identified for gas development with two well penetration that have complete suite of logs required for reliable saturation estimates and no core data. Log-based Capillary Pressure models were initially built, without any form of core calibration, with very limited success. To improve the quality of the model, capillary pressure measurements from analogue fields were used as building block for an improved capillary pressure model that was subsequently calibrated with logs from the field of interest. This resulted in an improved saturation match at well positions and also improved dynamic model initialisation.
A New Solution Methodology to the Material Balance Equation, for Saturated Reservoirs
Authors: Mosobalaje Olatunde O. , Onuh Charles Y. , Seteyeobot Ifeanyi
Published: August 2015

The material balance equation (MBE) is a versatile analytical tool in petroleum reservoir engineering. Solution to the MBE is put to a predictive use for predicting reservoir performance, i.e. cumulative oil production, Np as a function of the declining average reservoir pressure, P¯. For under-saturated reservoir (single-phase flow), the MBE presents Np as an explicit function of pressure drawdown (P¯−Pwf); hence a direct solution of the MBE yields the average pressure, P¯ for a given Np value. However, for multiphase flow in saturated reservoirs, the average reservoir pressure P¯ does not appear explicitly in the MBE, rather, it is implicitly present in the various pressure-dependent PVT parameters in the MBE (i.e. (Bo, Bg and Rs). Furthermore, the MBE for saturated reservoirs features the cumulative GOR term, Rp, a parameter related to Np; hence solving the MBE for saturated reservoirs typically involves cumbersome iterative schemes.

There exist in the literature various methodologies of solving the MBE with the purpose of predicting estimates of cumulative oil production, Np versus the declining average reservoir pressure, P¯. The methodologies typically involve some multi-step iterations as the equation is solved for Np or Gp at various arbitrarily-chosen pressure nodes.

The need to solve this implicit problem without the rigor of human guesswork is the motivation for this work. This current work therefore presents a simple and computationally-cheap method for solving the MBE for the purpose of predicting estimates of cumulative oil production, Np versus the declining average reservoir pressure, P¯.

In this new solution methodology, the philosophy of solving the MBE is analytically founded on the equality of the Left Hand Side, LHS (fluid withdrawal terms) and the Right Hand Side, RHS (fluid expansion terms) of the MBE for saturated reservoirs, and the pressure that upholds the equality.

This new solution methodology has been applied to two reservoir models and has been found to yield performance predictions that compares excellently well with predictions obtained from numerical solution (simulation) of complex fluid flow equations.
A Field Study of Surface Sampling in Well Testing. A New Approach
Authors: Boniface Oriji Aleruchi , zakka Bala
Published: August 2015

This paper is on a new method of conducting surface sampling in well testing for representative well samples for better results based on acceptable well conditioning procedures,. It is important to properly condition the well before commencing sampling because pressure drawdown associated with normal production rates may often cause two phase flow near the wellbore, especially if the fluid in the formation was initially saturated. Proper well conditioning during sampling is also important to ensure that filtrate contaminants from mud which can mix with produced fluid are eliminated prior to commencement of sampling. This study was carried out in four stages; a review of the conventional sampling methods, field data collection, analysis of the field PVT data and the analysis of BS&W sample data. A quantitative and qualitative comparison of the BS&W samples were carried out using the Conventional Method and the new method(Auto-Sampling Method). The Auto-Sampler has a mixing device which enhanced better agitation and mixing prior to analyzing the samples for Water- Cut and BS&W determination. The Auto-Sampling Method gave a higher better value of 2% BS&W as against the 0 % obtained from the Manual Conventional Method for the case study samples. The Auto-Sampler gave a more representative results due to better location of the sampling points. However, no matter the urgency at which data are required and the application of safe practices, it is recommended that sampling should not be done in isolation from other objectives of a Well Test because there could be direct conflict in some cases.
Using Material Balance (MBAL) Multi Tank Model to Evaluate Future Well Performance in Reservoirs with Distinct Geological Units
Authors: Mogbolu Emmanuel , Okereke Onyedikachi , Okporiri Cyril , Ukauku Ikwan , Esharegharan Ovokerhoyi , Taiwo Isaac , Sukubo Ibianga
Published: August 2015

A quick evaluation of reserves for new opportunities (e.g. perforation extension and other work over types) in reservoirs with distinct geological units and features is possible using a multi tank MBAL option. This saves time while still having results closely matching more detailed simulation models besides reservoir management due to subsurface uncertainties.

In cases where a reservoir is naturally separated into units with the aquifer as the only common communication base or where there are constricting saddles which in production time allows preferential sweeping of the reservoir posits the possibility of separate tanks. Multi-tank MBAL has been used in this scenario to generate a production forecast for a work over opportunity in Reservoirs A, B & C.

This methodology transmits the segregated accumulations of the reservoirs into tank sectors and connects them using transmissibility value to a common aquifer leg in a multidisciplinary approach. Resultant model is history matched and contacts calibrated prior to prediction especially when present contact information exists.

The methodology as opposed to a single tank MBAL model gives better calibration of contact movement and forecast of the future and existing opportunities, thus giving credence to more robust reservoir management plan and resource volume estimation for the work over project.

The MBAL multi tank methodology is a handy improvement tool for brownfield production forecast within the Wells, Reservoir & Facility Management domain especially where no 3D dynamic models exist.
Numerical investigation of steady-state thermal behavior of an infrared detector cryo chamber
Authors: Singhal Mayank , Singhal Gaurav , Verma Avinash , Kumar Sushil , Singh Manmohan
Published: August 2015

An infrared (IR) detector is simply a transducer of radiant energy, converting radiant energy into a measurable form. Since radiation does not rely on visible light, it offers the possibility of seeing in the dark or through obscured conditions, by detecting the IR energy emitted by objects. One of the prime applications of IR detector systems for military use is in target acquisition and tracking of projectile systems. The IR detectors also have great potential in commercial market. Typically, IR detectors perform best when cooled to cryogenic temperatures in the range of nearly 120 K. However, the necessity to operate in such cryogenic regimes makes the application of IR detectors extremely complex. Further, prior to proceeding on to a full blown transient thermal analysis it is worthwhile to perform a steady-state numerical analysis for ascertaining the effect of variation in viz., material, gas conduction coefficient, h, emissivity, ?, on the temperature profile along the cryo chamber length. This would enable understanding the interaction between the cryo chamber and its environment. Hence, the present work focuses on the development of steady-state numerical models for thermal analysis of IR cryo chamber using MATLAB. The numerical results show that gas conduction coefficient has marked influence on the temperature profile of the cryo chamber whereas the emissivity has a weak effect. The experimental validation of numerical results has also been presented.
Two Measures for Cross-Cultural Research on Morality: Comparison and Revision
Authors: Zhang Yanyan , Li Sisi
Published: August 2015

The current research assessed the reliability and validity of two Western measures of morality in a Chinese sample, namely the Community, Autonomy, and Divinity Scale (CADS) and the Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ). Questionnaires were administered to 274 Chinese participants in Northern China ( M age = 25.4 yr., SD = 8.50; 86% women). Confirmatory factor analysis using a structural equation model was conducted to evaluate the construct validity of the two scales. The results indicated a reasonable model fit of both the CADS and the MFQ after certain modifications. The revised versions of both measures had good internal consistency reliabilities. Correlation analysis indicated moderate correlations between the dimensions of the two scales. Regarding the content of morality, Chinese people endorsed more of the traditional ethics and foundations than people from Western cultures in other studies. In addition, participants who reported a religious affiliation scored higher on the Divinity subscale compared to those who claimed to be atheists.
A Rare Theatrical Journal: The Arthurian Theatre Magazine
Authors: Flory Claude
Published: August 2015

The Arthurian Theatre Magazine is apparently one of the rarest items of early twentieth-century British theater history. Volume I, number 1, appeared in February 1905.

Several years ago in collecting material for a projected edition of the plays of Charles Rogers, late Victorian provincial playwright, I obtained a Camden (London) Theatre program carrying a full page advertisement of The Arthurian Theatre Magazine: "bright illustrations, interesting features, attractive articles ... admittedly the. most attractive penny theatrical paper." Even allowing for editorial self-esteem it sounded like something the student of fin de siecle theater ought to examine at least casually.
The Rugged Individualists Of Henry De Montherlant
Authors: Belli Angela
Published: August 2015

To PERUSE THE THEATER OF Henry de Montherlant is to encounter a number of characters who are among the most arresting in contemporary drama for their magnificence of stature and psychological complexity. Contained in forms which give evidence of a Greek and a French classical influence, their experience invariably involves a struggle of that intensity met in the hearts of the heroes of Euripides and Racine. Like these predecessors Montherlant creates drama where the most meaningful action takes place inside his protagonists. Besides their complicated interiors, however, the contemporary creations bear an exterior resemblance to the heroes of old, exteriors which are of account in summing up the nature of their tragedy. The face that they present to the world is that of the aristocrat. We have Aristotle's testimony regarding the uses to which Greek tragedians put illustrious men of great houses. What is interesting to consider is the presence of aristocratic heroes in Montherlant's works, especially in view of the dominance of naturalistic theory in twentieth-century drama.
The Relationship Of Setting And Idea In Peer Gynt
Authors: Smith Denzell
Published: August 2015

OF IBSEN'S TWO MOST FAMOUS verse plays, Brand and Peer Gynt, the first often has been admired for its use of setting to reinforce idea. In Act I on the mountain plateau, the aspiring but untested Brand haughtily dismisses classes of objection to his call. In Acts II-IV, he descends into the dark valley of unenlightened men for the articulation, development, and testing of his call. In Act V, when his ethical imperative demands that he reject the compromise of the valley, he ascends out of the valley on the difficult path to the ice church with his followers. Rejected by them, he pursues his call onward and upward, alone but for the mad Gerd, to discover on the heights that will triumphant must yet aspire to love. The relationship of setting to idea in Peer Gynt, however, is not as clear cut in its main outline, chiefly because Peer travels the whole western world during his lifetime. Nevertheless, the three-fold division of the setting, like that in Brand is relevant to the developing idea of the play, and, within this division, Ibsen clearly relates setting to idea.
A New Look At The Drama Of “Job"
Authors: Usmiani Renate
Published: August 2015

IN THE INTRODUCTION TO his remarkable little volume The Theatre of the Absurd,Esslin makes the tantalizing suggestion that our contemporary literature of the Absurd, all appearances nothwithstanding, might well be seen as a return to old, even archaic, traditions, traditions which "may at times have been submerged, but ... can be traced back to antiquity." It certainly seems reasonable to assume that the excessive use of technical and stylistc innovations on the part of modern authors, and their unabashed propensity to unleash shock effects upon their audiences, have blinded us to the fact that the works themselves are basically much less novel than they appear. It is the purpose of this article to demonstrate how far back into our cultural past the roots of this contemporary movement really reach by the use of one supremely archaic example, namely, the Book of Job. I shall try to show that the Book of Job bears striking resemblances to the modern literature of protest and paradox, thematically as well as in treatment. The argument is not nearly as incongruous as it may sound. By examining works of the past in the light of significant new insights, we may well gain a deeper understanding of these earlier works than their own contemporaries, perhaps even their authors, were capable of attaining.
Some Attitudes And A Posture: Religious Metaphor and Ritual in Tennessee Williams' Query of the American God
Authors: Fritscher John
Published: August 2015

TENNESSEE WILLIAMS' THEATER is in one sense very like the ancient classical theater. It is essentially a religious act. Sweet Bird of Youth, Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, The Milk Train Doesn't Stop Here Anymore, and Baby Doll center on altar tables of beds; Eccentricities of a Nightingale, Summer and Smoke, and Camino Real revolve around ritual fountains of Eternity. Battle of Angels, Orpheus Descending, and Suddenly Last Summer are ritual reenactments of events of salvationand damnation. The patio setting of Night of the Iguana is sanctuary-like, the characters making entrance from their isolated sacristry cells. A Streetcar Named Desire moves its people in a deftly choreographed ritual from the introit of scene one, played appropriately on the steps of the house, to Stella's offertory to Blanche, to Blanche's repetitious ritual cleansing in white tubs of water, to the ritual of The Poker Night played around an altar of a table by men whom Williams' stage directions place in ritual vestments of primary colors. Blanche; Host-white as a victim should traditionally be, knows Stanley to. be her executioner. Her words of consecration are her story to Mitch about her young first husband: she wins Mitch and "there's God-so quickly." This story next told by Stella does not convert Stanley-who by scene ten vests himself in the ritual silk pajamas of his wedding night and protrudes his tongue between his teeth to rape-consume Host-Blanche in an inverse ritual of communion become sexual cannibalization.
Management of cervical spine deformity after intradural tumor resection
Authors: Joaquim Andrei F. , Riew K. Daniel
Published: August 2015

Management of intradural spinal tumors requires posterior decompressive techniques. Cervical spine deformity secondary to sagittal and/or coronal imbalance after a laminectomy may result in significant cervical pain and functional deterioration, as well as neurological deficits in the most severe cases. In this paper, the authors discuss the management of cervical spine deformity after intradural tumor resection, with emphasis on the surgical strategies required to reestablish acceptable cervical spine alignment and to correct postoperative deformity. In general, after an oncological evaluation, assessing the alignment, extent, and flexibility of the deformity is mandatory before surgical planning. Rigid deformities require an osteotomy and, most often, combined approaches to restore cervical alignment. Flexible deformities can often be treated with a single approach, although a circumferential approach has its advantages.
Imaging diagnosis and the role of endovascular embolization treatment for vascular intraspinal tumors
Authors: dos Santos Marlise P. , Zhang Jingwen , Ghinda Diana , Glikstein Rafael , Agid Ronit , Rodesch Georges , Tampieri Donatella , terBrugge Karel G.
Published: August 2015

Intraspinal tumors comprise a large spectrum of neoplasms, including hemangioblastomas, paragangliomas, and meningiomas. These tumors have several common characteristic imaging features, such as highly vascular mass appearance in angiography, hypointense rim and serpentine flow voids in MRI, and intense enhancement after intravenous contrast administration. Due to their rich vascularity, these tumors represent a special challenge for surgical treatment. More recently, the surgical treatment of intraspinal vascular tumors has benefited from the combination of endovascular techniques used to better delineate these lesions and to promote preoperative reduction of volume and tissue blood flow. Endovascular embolization has been proven to be a safe procedure that facilitates the resection of these tumors; hence, it has been proposed as part of the standard of care in their management.
Hemilaminectomy approach for intradural extramedullary spinal tumors: an analysis of 164 patients
Authors: Turel Mazda Keki , D’Souza Wilson Prashanth , Rajshekhar Vedantam
Published: August 2015

OBJECT

The authors report their experience with the use of a minimally invasive hemilaminectomy approach for the excision of intradural extramedullary (IDEM) tumors of the spinal cord.

METHODS

Included were 164 consecutive patients (167 tumors in total), treated between January 2004 and December 2014, in whom the hemilaminectomy approach for IDEM spinal cord tumors was planned. The clinicoradiological data of patients presenting to Christian Medical College were analyzed retrospectively using a computerized chart-review method. Preoperative MRI localization was used in 51 cases.

RESULTS

The mean age (± SD) of the patients was 42.6 ± 16.6 years, and the mean duration of symptoms was 20.8 ± 27.8 months. The average tumor size was 2.4 ± 1.7 cm. Forty-four tumors were cervical, 5 were cervicothoracic, 72 were thoracic, 7 were thoracolumbar, and 39 were lumbar. Forty-two tumors were ventrally located, whereas 11 were ventrolateral; the rest were either dorsal or dorsolateral. The most common pathologies were schwannoma (110 cases) and meningioma (31 cases). Total excision was achieved for 93% of the tumors. The average duration of surgery was 1.6 ± 0.6 hours.

CONCLUSIONS

The hemilaminectomy approach to the removal of intradural tumors was quick and safe and resulted in minimal morbidity and no mortality. Preoperative MRI localization improved accuracy and reduced operating time by eliminating the need for intraoperative fluoroscopy.
Plagiarism  A Noble Misconduct
Authors: Rahman Md Rezwanur
Published: August 2015

Abstract not availableDelta Med Col J. Jul 2015; 3(2): 53-56
Photographic Estimation of Intercanthal Width of Bangladeshi Women
Authors: Farhat Nazma , Naushaba Humaira , Chowdhury Md Shahjahan , Karmakar Mallika
Published: August 2015

Background: Estimation of intercanthal width and biocular breadth from digital photography is important in the evaluation of several systemic syndromes, craniofacial abnormalities and in surgical treatments of post-traumatic telecanthus. Dysmorphologists employ canthal measurements in evaluating the degree of hypertelorism. So intercanthal width and biocular breadth values are very important for clinicians, ophthalmologists, plastic and reconstructive surgeons. The reliability of estimation of intercanthal width from biocular breadth by using multiplication factor is high.Objective: To make an attempt to determine the multiplication factor for estimation of intercanthal width.Materials and method: This is a cross sectional study conducted in the Anatomy department of Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2010 to June 2011. One hundred Bangladeshi 25 to 45 years old women were selected purposively for the study.Results: The mean±SD intercanthal width was 3.456±0.3585 cm. Multiplication factor for measuring intercanthal width from biocular breadth (9.348±0.7174 cm) was 0.369±0.0232 cm. The mean±SD of estimated intercanthal width was 3.449±0.2647 cm. No significant difference was found between the measured and estimated intercanthal width.Conclusion: Multiplication factor can be used to determine intercanthal width in Bangladeshi women though agreement test would have been done to generalize the finding.Delta Med Col J. Jul 2015; 3(2): 78-82
Pattern and Pain Assessment of Musculoskeletal Disorders Attending to Physiotherapy Services in Selected Physiotherapy Centres of Dhaka City
Authors: Amin Md Ruhul , Akhter Sanjida , Rahman Kazi Afzalur
Published: August 2015

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are the most common causes of severe long-term pain and physical disability, affecting hundreds of millions of people around the world. Among different modalities of treatment and management for musculoskeletal pain, physiotherapy might be cost-effective.Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the pattern and pain assessment of musculoskeletal disorders attending to physiotherapy services in selected physiotherapy centers of Dhaka city.Materials and method: It was a cross sectional study. Sample size was 400 and a pre-tested, modified, semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16.0.Results: Majority of the respondents (69.2%) belonged to 46-65 year age group with least in extreme age groups. Mean±SD of age was 33.58±12.33 years. Most of the respondents were male (69.2%). Study revealed that neck pain (75.2%) was the major complaint followed by back pain (48.00%). Regarding pattern of pain, intermittent (73.2%) type was predominant. Muscle spasm (29.2%) was the main cause for musculoskeletal pain followed by degenerative diseases (27.5%). Of the respondents 55.00% received traction, 91.25% exercise, 21.25% manipulation, 97.95% short wave diathermy, 85.00% ultrasound therapy, 33.75% infra red ray, and 12.75% electrical stimulation as physiotherapy treatment. There were statistically significant difference between sex and severity of pain (p=0.019), educational status and pain persisting time in years (p=0.000). There was also statistically highly significant difference between severity of pain responses before and after physiotherapy treatment (p=0.000).Conclusion: Study concluded that common areas of musculoskeletal pain were neck followed by back and shoulder and pain characteristics were intermittent, radiating, numbness, burning in nature. Respondents had taken medication and different type of physiotherapy services, including traction, exercise, short wave diathermy and ultrasound therapyDelta Med Col J. Jul 2015; 3(2): 83-88
Everybody Loves A Parade . . . But How Many Is Everybody?
Authors: Biaett Vern , Hultsman Wendy
Published: August 2015

This study created and field tested a density count method to analytically estimate the number of spectators attending parades. Literature review revealed an earlier suggested method to estimate attendance at parades, but no indication of it ever being assessed in the field was uncovered.
Additional literature, more focused on other types of large open festivals, provided further empirical insight into estimating attendance at events in general. The study began with trials and fieldwork to establish basic physical space requirements of spectators, as well as the total available
square footage of viewing area along a parade route, in order to ascertain the maximum possible attendance as a control on final attendance approximations. During two major parades in Phoenix, Arizona, researchers hand counted exact attendance in predetermined route sections which, when compared
to density counts of identical sections by another researcher, were deemed comparably significant. Combining the density counted estimates for all sections, spectator attendance was extrapolated for both parades, which was found to be considerably less than attendance estimates assumed by
event organizers and reported in the press. The density count technique was verified as a valid method to estimate parade attendance, ultimately controlled by calculations of maximum possible attendance.
The London Summer 2012 Olympic Games: Threat of Disruption and Business Reaction
Authors: Jones Adam , Woolley Janet , Currie Graham
Published: August 2015

The impact of and reaction to the disruption on transport created by mega-events on host communities and, in particular, businesses, is an underresearched area. Utilizing social exchange theory, this article examines the relationship between businesses and transport authorities in the
implementation of the Travel Demand Management (TDM) strategy for the London Olympics 2012. This research identifies the mechanisms by which the authorities meet the specific antecedent conditions that impact on the exchange. This research is unusual as a qualitative approach is used to gain
in-depth understanding of the impacts of mega-events on business and their attitudes to these antecedents. The theoretical contribution of this study is a model that depicts the decision-making processes by which businesses evaluate the exchange relationship. Results identify that there is
a link between business typology, antecedent, and the level of engagement. The practical implications of the results and the limitations of the study are discussed with reference to future mega-events and research possibilities.
Sport Mega-Event Volunteers' Motivations and Postevent Intention to Volunteer: The Sydney World Masters Games, 2009
Authors: Dickson Tracey J. , Darcy Simon , Edwards Deborah , Terwiel F. Anne
Published: August 2015

Investment in mega-sport events is frequently justified on the basis that there are infrastructure and social legacies that remain after the event. This research explores the claims of a social legacy through a pre- and post-Games survey of volunteers at the Sydney world Masters Games
2009 (SwMG). Through online surveys the research explores pre-and post-volunteer motivations, postevent volunteering intentions before the Games and actual volunteer behavior after the Games. The pre-Games survey supports previous research that a desire to be involved in the event motivates
people to volunteer. however, the postevent expression of motivations shifted to a more altruistic focus. The postevent volunteering intentions as indicated in the preevent survey would support the claim of a social legacy; however, this was not supported by the postevent measures of volunteering
levels. The use of a pre- and postevent survey has highlighted that the timing of measures of motivations can influence responses and one may not depend on preevent intentions as an indicator of postevent behaviors.
Pd(OAc)2-catalyzed dehydrogenative C–H activation: An expedient synthesis of uracil-annulated β-carbolinones
Authors: Mondal Biplab , Hazra Somjit , Panda Tarun K , Roy Brindaban
Published: August 2015

An intramolecular dehydrogenative C–H activation enabled an efficient synthesis of an uracil-annulated β-carbolinone ring system. The reaction is simple, efficient and high yielding (85–92%).
The Detection of Rheumatic Disease through Hospital Diagnoses with Examples of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Giant Cell Arteritis: What Are We Missing?
Authors: John Michet C. , Crowson Cynthia S. , Achenbach Sara J. , Matteson Eric L.
Published: August 2015

Objective.

We examined hospitalizations for patients with known rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or giant cell arteritis (GCA) to evaluate whether hospitalization-related diagnoses accurately identified patients with rheumatologic diseases.

Methods.

Diagnosis codes for hospitalizations in 1996–2012 among previously identified population-based cohorts of patients with RA or GCA were examined for RA or GCA mentions.

Results.

RA or GCA mention occurred in only 55% of 2407 hospitalizations among patients with RA and 31% of 502 hospitalizations among patients with GCA. RA or GCA was mentioned more often in recent years, younger patients, and rheumatic medication users.

Conclusion.

Coding for RA or GCA during hospitalizations was often missed. Research using hospital diagnoses alone could be biased.
(Des)naturalización y elección: emergencias en la parentalidad y el parentesco de lesbianas, gays, bisexuales y transexuales
Authors: Pichardo Galán José Ignacio , De Stéfano Barbero Matías , Martín-Chiappe M. Laura
Published: August 2015

En los procesos de transformación de las estructuras familiares que han vivido las sociedades europeas, y específicamente la española, en las últimas décadas, las familias formadas por lesbianas, gays, bisexuales y transexuales (LGBT) han ocupado un lugar protagonista. La hipótesis de partida de nuestro trabajo de investigación exploratorio ha sido que, conjuntamente con las rupturas que las llamadas familias arcoíris (las formadas por personas LGBT) han incorporado a las concepciones de la familia, las nuevas situaciones familiares en este colectivo se interpretan reproduciendo algunos de los elementos del modelo hegemónico vigente. Así, aunque existen emergencias en lo que se refiere al acceso a la parentalidad y a la división sexual de las tareas reproductivas y domésticas, se mantiene generalmente la hegemonía del modelo de familia nucleada en torno a la pareja o el deseo de lazos genéticos que legitimen la filiación. Asimismo, es de suma importancia reconocer el proceso de transformación creativa del parentesco tradicional que este colectivo lleva adelante, cuyo correlato es la revisión y redefinición del parentesco en su conjunto.
Interdisciplinary Health Science Simulation Center
Authors: Frankland Tammy , Bodily David
Published: August 2015

The purpose of this chapter is to describe the benefits and challenges associated with creating an interdisciplinary simulation center for eight allied health programs (athletic training, medical laboratory technician, nursing, occupational therapy assistant, paramedic technology, pharmacy technician, radiography, and respiratory therapy) at a two-year college. Planning, securing resources, developing and implementing curricula, training faculty, orienting students, preliminary survey data, and plans for sustainability will be shared.
Biogenetic Structural Perspectives on Shamanism and Raves
Authors: Winkelman Michael James
Published: August 2015

The worldwide development of raves and similar collective rituals characterized by all night communal rituals involving dance, drumming, music, and often the use of psychedelic substances can be understood as a modern manifestation of the same biological principles underlying shamanism. The shamanic ritual was a nighttime ceremony which engaged all of the community in a powerful interaction with the spirit world as the shaman beat drums or rattled while singing, chanting and dancing. The common underlying biogenetic structures of shamanism and raves involve: the social functions of ritual; the effects of dance and music as systems for social bonding and emotional communication; and the effects on consciousness that produce alterations of emotions, identity and consciousness and personal healing.