bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic analysis and marker assisted backcrossing for transfer of mosaic virus resistance in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]
Authors: Dinesh H. B. , Lohithaswa H. C. , Viswanatha K. P. , Manjunatha L. , Ambika D.  S. , Prasanna Kumar M. K.
Published: August 2018

Cowpea mosaic virus (CpMV) is known to cause yield loss of as much as 80-100 per cent. Among different approaches available in the management of this disease development and release of resistant varieties is the most viable option for farmers. Hence an investigation was carried out to study the inheritance of resistance to cowpea mosaic virus (CpMV) and to identify DNA markers linked to genomic regions conferring resistance to CpMV. The resistance was found to be governed by single recessive gene in the 191 F2:3 progenies derived from the cross C-152 (susceptible) × V-57817 (resistant). Single marker analysis with 191 F2 individuals and 106 polymorphic SSR markers indicated that two markers, MA15 and MA80 were linked to CpMV resistance as evidenced by significant mean sum of squares due to between marker classes and putative linkage of these markers for resistance to CpMV was confirmed by bulked segregant analysis. Through linkage map constructed utilizing 91 polymorphic SSR markers it was possible for us to show that the two markers MA15 and MA80 were included in the linkage group 6 and the marker gene was likely to be present between these markers. Marker assisted backcrossing was practiced to transfer resistance gene in to an agronomically superior variety C-152.
Ameliorative effect of thiourea priming on germination characteristics of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) under water and salinity stress
Authors: Jhanji Shalini , Dhingra Madhu
Published: August 2018

The germination behaviour of unsoaked, hydroprimed and thiourea primed seeds (TU,750, 1000 and 1250 ppm) in water , polyethylene glycol (PEG, -0.2 and -0.4 MPa ) and NaCl (30 and 50 mM) was investigated. The percent germination and seedling growth of TU primed seeds was best compared to other treatments under stressed conditions. The root/shoot ratio increased with stress in all seedlings and vice versa for seedling vigour index. TU primed seeds exhibited the highest tolerance index (85) under - 0.2 MPa PEG treatment and 40 tolerance index under 30mM salinity stress. Priming with thiourea @1000 ppm was the most effective in ameliorating water and salinity stress.
Sustainable diversification of maize (Zea mays L.) -legumes cropping systems for productivity, profitability and resource-use efficiency in West Garo Hills of Meghalaya, India
Authors: Islam Mokidul , Nath L. K. , Samajdar T.
Published: August 2018

A field experiment was conducted at Instructional Farm of ICAR- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Tura during kharif, pre-rabi and rabi season of 2011-12 to 2013-14 to determine the suitable production potential, profitability, resource use efficiency and sustainability of diversified maize-legumes cropping system. The five cropping sequences viz., CS1: Maize + Blackgram (1:2) – green gram + maize (2:1) – tomato, CS2: maize + green gram(1:2) – green gram + maize (2:1) – tomato, CS3: maize + groundnut(1:2) – green gram + maize (2:1) – tomato, CS4: maize + Ssybean(1:2) – tomato and CS5: maize sole – green gram – tomato were replicated four times using a randomized block design on sandy loam soil with low to medium fertility level and slightly acidic in reaction. The cropping system “Maize + Green gram(1:2) – green gram + maize (1:1) – tomato” was found to be most remunerative and sustainable with system productivity (175.49 q/ha), net return (Rs.3,38,725/ha), profitability (Rs. 928.01 /ha/day), benefit cost ratio (4.40), sustainable yield index (1.00), production efficiency (Rs.58.30/ha/day), relative economic efficiency (162.72%), except land use efficiency(LUE) which was the highest (85.75%) in “maize + groundnut(1:2) – green gram + maize (1:1) – tomato” cropping system. The lowest system productivity, net returns, profitability, production efficiency, land use efficiency etc was found in maize+ soybean (1:2)- tomato followed by maize-greengram-tomato cropping system. Hence, the cropping sequence maize + green gram(1:2) – green gram + maize (1:1) – tomato and maize + groundnut(1:2) – green gram + maize (1:1) – tomato were found to be the productive, profitable, remunerative, resource use efficient and sustainable in the mid hills sub-tropical regions of India.
Characterization of Mesorhizobium strains for salt tolerance and wilt control: Their potential for plant growth promotion of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Sehrawat Anju , Khandelwal Aakanksha , Sindhu Satyavir Singh
Published: August 2018

Mesorhizobium sp. indirectly promote the growth of plants as a biocontrol agent by inhibiting the growth of pathogens particularly Fusarium wilt of chickpea. Out of 24 Mesorhizobium isolates obtained from chickpea nodules, eight isolates showed antagonistic effect against Fusarium oxysporum. Salinity stress severely affects growth, nodulation and yield of chickpea. Mesorhizobium isolates were tested for their salt tolerance capacity at 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8% NaCl concentrations. Only two Mesorhizobium isolates MCA5 and MCA22 were found salt-tolerant upto 8% of salt concentration. Maximum increase (45.5%) in shoot dry weight was observed by inoculation of isolate MCA20 at 40 days of chickpea growth under chillum jar conditions, whereas isolate MCA23 resulted in 166.2% increase in root dry weight. Likewise, 112.6% increase in shoot dry weight was observed on inoculation of MCA14 isolate at 80th day of observation. Further extensive research is required to understand the mechanism of potential Mesorhizobium isolates of chickpea in controlling Fusarium wilt disease and salt tolerance. Selection of mesorhizobia with twin functional traits (plant growth promoting and biocontrol agent) can be exploited as future biofertilizer in chickpea.
Tripanosomiasis bovina en ganadería lechera de trópico alto: primer informe de Haematobia irritans como principal vector de T. vivax y T. evansi en Colombia
Authors: Zapata Salas Richard , Cardona Zuluaga Edison Alberto , Reyes Vélez Julián , Triana Chávez Omar , Peña García Víctor Hugo , Ríos Osorio Leonardo Alberto , Barahona Rosales Rolando
Published: August 2018

Bovine trypanosomiasis is a hemoparasitic disease transmitted in Latin America mainly by biting flies of the family Tabanidae. The study aimed to evaluate infection by Trypanosoma vivax and Trypanosoma evansi in cattle specialized in milk production on a farm and their potential vectors. A direct parasitological and entomological study was performed using microscopy techniques and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with two molecular markers to differentiate Trypanosoma species in blood samples of cattle and flies. Infection frequency with Trypanosoma vivax and Trypanosoma evansi in cattle was 3.6 and 0%, respectively. Characterization of vectors shows Haematobia irritans as the most frequent fly in the study area (97.1%), followed by Stomoxys calcitrans (2.8%). No horseflies were identified. T. vivax and T. evansi were found in proboscis and thorax-abdomen of biting flies Haematobia irritans and Stomoxys calcitrans, representing an epizootic behavior, atypical in South American countries. Due to its high population density, it is suggested that the Haematobia irritans fly is the main potential vector.
Prevalencia de estereotipias clásicas en caballos fina sangre de carrera del Hipódromo Chile, Chile
Authors: Muñoz Alonzo Lisandro , Cruces Leal Jaime , Briones Luengo Mario
Published: August 2018

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of classic stereotypies in thoroughbred race horses at the Hipódromo Chile (Chile) and the influence of gender and age. All population of thoroughbred racing horses resident at the Hipódromo Chile was studied (n = 565). Direct observation determined the presence or absence of cribbing, stall-walking, or weaving in each horse. Results are expressed as simple percentages. For statistical analysis, Fisher’s exact test was used with a significance level of p < 0.05. The overall prevalence of classic stereotypies was 6.19% (aerophagia 2.68%, stall-circling 2.33%, and weaving 1.79%). No association was found between stereotypies and gender. Association was only found between the presence of stall-circling and 2 to 3-year-old horses (p = 0.022). Results suggest that thoroughbred race horses at the Hipódromo Chile have a prevalence of classic stereotypies within the previously established range and that age is a risk factor for stall-circling.
Farmacocinética plasmática y urinaria de marbofloxacina intramuscular en caninos
Authors: Prieto Paoletti Guillermo Fermín , Errecalde Erlicher Carlos , Urzúa Pizarro Natalia Francisca , Tonini García María Paula , Messina Mur María Jimena
Published: August 2018

Plasma and urinary disposition of marbofloxacin was studied in canines (n = 6) after intramuscular administration of 2 mg/kg. At different times post-administration, blood samples were collected until 24 h, and urine samples, only from male dogs (n = 4) at 48 12, and 24 h. Liquid-liquid extraction of analyte with water, methanol, and centrifugation at 13500 rpm at 4 °C were performed. Separation and quantification were made using HPLC by reverse phase isocratic elution with a C18 column, fluorescence detector at 295 nm excitation and 490 nm emission, and a mobile phase consisting of water, acetonitrile, and triethylamine. Temporary plasma concentrations were analyzed with non-compartmental PK Solution 2.0 software. The results obtained indicate rapid absorption, as well as rapid and wide distribution. Cl and values of t½β and MRT indicate slow clearance and prolonged stay. The study evidenced plasma concentrations up to 24 h, which exceed the MIC of relevant pathogens. The AUC/MIC ratio indicates efficacy against microorganisms with MIC ≤ 0.15 μg/ml. Urinary levels of marbofloxacin are more significant than plasmatic levels. However, new studies are required to assess their use with the tested dose and route of application.
Concordancia entre la prueba del anillo en leche y ELISA indirecto en el diagnóstico de brucelosis bovina
Authors: Moreira Zúñiga Rubén Darío
Published: August 2018

Concordance analysis are used to compare diagnostic methods when applied to the same group of individuals (paired samples). This article analyses the case of two laboratory methods, whose results are expressed in form of dichotomous qualitative variable (positive/ negative). In order to analyze the problem of concordance, the dual-vision method for analysis of agreement was used, which is based on a main assumption: two diagnostic methods agree when they have the same sensibility and specificity. The study analyzed 153 milk samples corresponding to the same number of herds in the central area of Chile these were classified into three strata, defined by the number of lactating cows at the time of obtaining the sample. Standard methodology of milk ring test (MRT) and indirect ELISA (ELISA-i) were performed. To determine the concordance between these two diagnostic methods, values observed in all three strata (A, B, and C) were used for each one, concordance rate (l) was calculated. Concordance rates were high in all strata, so the study concludes that both MRT and ELISA-i could be used to diagnose bovine brucellosis.
Transferencia de embriones en yeguas receptoras anovulatorias
Authors: Vallejo Aristizábal Viviana Helena , Mogollón García Henry David , Monteiro da Silva Elisa Sant’anna , Dell’Aqua Junior José Antônio
Published: August 2018

This article discusses the main aspects of using hormonal protocols based on the application of estrogen followed by progestogen in anovulatory or acyclic recipients, either in anestrous or transition in embryo transfer protocols. Most mares demonstrate seasonally polyestrous behavior, by which they manifest estrus and ovulatory cycles during periods of higher daily luminosity. The annual reproductive cycle of mares is characterized by the presence of four phases defined by follicular dynamics: anestrous, spring transition, ovulatory, and autumn transition. During the phases of transition and anestrous, the incidence of ovulations decreases or is zero, making it difficult to synchronize ovulations between donors and recipients in preparation for embryo transfer. Some studies have shown that anovulatory/acyclic recipient mares managed with steroid-based protocols have similar uterine changes to those observed in pregnant mares. However, there is no sufficient research to allow to clarify the best steroid protocol with respect to dose, treatment times, and routes of administration.
Transporte de cerdos y sus repercusiones en el bienestar animal y la producción cárnica
Authors: Uribe Corrales Natalia , Henao Villegas Santiago
Published: August 2018

When trying to generate good productive and reproductive performance in swine livestock production, animal welfare is a transversal axis of great importance. The transportation phase is an essential step in swine production that affects meat quality and productivity. It is necessary to know the factors that may be affecting it, such as cargo density, duration of the journey, and vibration generated in the truck, floors, walls, and internal divisions, which favor stress situations in pigs. In these animals, when exposed to lack of food and water, an unfamiliar environment, with little space, and subjected to different methods of handling, there are increased losses in carcass weight due to injuries, death, and defective meat products, such as pale, soft, and exudative meat, or, conversely, tough, dry, and dark meat. It is necessary to create new evaluation and monitoring systems in the transportation of pigs, in order to reduce mortality and damage to carcass with interventions from animal welfare.
Comparación del grado de sedación, profundidad anestésica y efectos colaterales de cinco protocolos anestésicos en perros sanos
Authors: Gil Sandra J. , Ramírez Camilo L. , Galindo Vladimir
Published: August 2018

El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar el grado de sedación, profundidad anestésica y efectos colaterales de cinco protocolos anestésicos utilizados de rutina en caninos sanos en la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Se anestesiaron quince caninos adultos (1-5 años de edad), de raza criolla (cinco machos, diez hembras), 15-20 kg de peso, usando los siguientes protocolos: 1. Atropina + xilazine seguidos por tiopental sódico; 2. Atropina + xilazine seguidos por ketamina + diazepam; 3. Acepromazina, seguida por atropina + hidromorfona y luego por tiopental sódico; 4. Atropina + hidromorfona, seguidas por diazepam y luego tiopental sódico y; 5. Atropina + hidromorfona, seguidas por diazepam y luego propofol. Los animales se encontraban sanos y en cada uno se usaron los cinco protocolos anestésicos, con un intervalo mínimo de una semana. No se llevó a cabo ningún procedimiento quirúrgico. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre protocolos, en cuanto a la necesidad de restricción (p=0,0043), profundidad anestésica (p=0,0183) y analgesia a los 0 y 5 minutos postinducción (p=0,0045 y 0,0233, respectivamente). Con respecto a los efectos colaterales, hubo diferencias significativas en parámetros, como la pérdida de temperatura (p=0,0137) y saturación parcial de oxígeno (p=0,0001). No hubo diferencias significativas en parámetros importantes, tales como la frecuencia de presentación de arritmias (p=0,7404), pero estas fueron más severas al usar el protocolo 1. Los tiempos anestésicos más largos fueron observados con el protocolo 3. Se concluye que el protocolo 5 es superior a los demás, ya que provee adecuada profundidad anestésica, con efectos colaterales menos severos.
Determinación de los grados de resistencia antihelmíntica que presentan los pequeños strongylus frente a las lactonas macrocíclicas, según el test de análisis del desarrollo de larvas (LDA) en equinos de las sabanas de Casanare
Authors: Alonso Prada Germán , Romero Clara Stefany
Published: August 2018

El presente estudio se desarrolló en las sabanas de Casanare, a fin de determinar los grados de susceptibilidad o resistencia antihelmíntica que presentan las poblaciones de pequeños Strongylus de esta región del país, frente a las lactonas macrocíclicas. Se muestrearon cuatro municipios del departamento: Aguazul, Paz de Ariporo, Maní y El Yopal, entre junio del 2006 y abril del 2007, recolectando en cada uno de los municipios diez muestras de materia fecal fresca, directamente de los potreros y completamente al azar. Las muestras fueron procesadas mediante la técnica coprológica de MacMaster, estableciendo el número de hpg de materia fecal por municipio. A las seis muestras con el conteo de hpg de materia fecal más alto, de cada predio se extrajeron larvas L3 mediante las técnicas de coprocultivo y Baermann-Wetzel con las cuales se corrió la prueba análisis del desarrollo de larvas (LDA), detectando poblaciones de pequeños Strongylus altamente susceptibles a la acción de las lactonas macrocíclicas (ivermectina).
Enfermedades del ganado en la región de La Macarena (Meta). Un ejercicio de epidemiología participativa
Authors: Benavides Ortiz Efraín , López Rozo Marco , Alayón Flórez Luis Eduardo
Published: August 2018

La serranía de la Macarena marca una transición entre los ecosistemas andinos. Actualmente, existen importantes asentamientos humanos que buscan supervivencia digna en la ganadería extensiva. En los municipios de Puerto Rico y La Macarena, se ejecuta un proyecto apoyado por el Estado colombiano, que busca introducir un paquete tecnológico de ganadería tropical, para tecnificar y especializar las ganaderías en comunidades de productores población vulnerable. Se describe el uso de herramientas de epidemiología participativa, en el marco de las actividades del proyecto; se resalta la validez del uso de métodos participativos como alternativa para acercarse a los problemas de productores rurales y proponer alternativas de solución, en situaciones en las cuales los limitados recursos impiden usar otras metodologías de estudio. Se realizaron entrevistas individuales y talleres grupales con ganaderos quienes describieron, desde su perspectiva, las alteraciones de salud de animales observadas en sus fincas. Luego de una triangulación, se cotejó esa descripción de enfermedad provista con observación directa en campo y con la descripción científica de alteraciones de salud de los bovinos en el trópico. Se detectó que las enfermedades carenciales (pica, botulismo) son frecuentes en la región, lo que refleja la pobreza de suelos y pastos. Hay enfermedades infecciosas de los terneros (peste boba, diarrea negra) que ocurren por errores de manejo y son fácilmente prevenibles. También existen patologías toxicas y parasitarias (fotosensibilización, hemoparásitos), que requieren que su dinámica sea mejor entendida, para poder diseñar estrategias de prevención apropiadas.
Fisiología cardiovascular aplicada en caninos con insuficiencia cardiaca
Authors: Álvarez Ramírez Iván , Cruz Martínez Luis Eduardo
Published: August 2018

La insuficiencia cardiaca está relacionada con anormalidades de la contracción y relajación ventricular. Recientes publicaciones han mostrado que la mayoría de los pacientes con enfermedades cardiacas coexiste alteraciones de la función sistólica y diastólica. Actualmente, hay muchas ambigüedades en el uso de términos clínicos y fisiológicos usados cotidianamente con respecto a este tema. Este artículo pretende revisar algunos conceptos fisiológicos del sistema cardiovascular.
Plan Nacional de Investigación Forestal y Plan Estratégico del Programa Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologías Agropecuarias (Colciencias)
Authors: Baquero Parra Mónica María , Suárez Londoño Álvaro Antonio
Published: August 2018

El presente artículo divulga a la comunidad científica las prioridades de investigación nacional de las áreas agropecuaria y forestal, con base en las líneas de investigación identificadas por el Programa de Ciencia y Tecnologías Agropecuarias, para los planes estratégicos 2010-2019 de Colciencias. El plan estratégico agropecuario ha establecido que las prioridades de investigación para Colombia son gestión de la cadena de suministros, nutrición, pobreza rural, calidad e inocuidad, lenta transformación productiva: costo de oportunidad e investigación insuficiente y descontextualizada; cada una de las problemáticas anteriormente mencionadas es descrita brevemente en el documento. En cuanto al Plan Nacional de Investigación Forestal, se han propuesto las siguientes tres líneas temáticas: fortalecer un programa nacional de mejoramiento genético de especies forestales que contribuyan a la productividad y al incremento de los servicios ambientales; identificar y caracterizar áreas, especies y productos potenciales para programas de reforestación; e identificar especies, arreglos y densidades que optimicen los bienes obtenibles de una plantación forestal y sus servicios ambientales, para las condiciones sociales y agroecológicas prioritarias del país. Se espera divulgar la información de los dos planes estratégicos en el ámbito nacional, durante el primer semestre del año 2011, a fin de que el Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (Colciencias), apoye los proyectos de investigación que cumplan con las expectativas de las prioridades identificadas.
Seroprevalencia de babesiosis bovina en la hacienda Vegas de la Clara, Gómez Plata (Antioquia), 2008
Authors: Zapata Salas Richard , Lara Ramírez Natasha , Baena Zapata Armando , Reyes Vélez Julián , Ríos Osorio Leonardo Alberto
Published: August 2018

Babesiosis is a cattle disease transmitted by Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks and caused by protozoan parasites Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina. An area is considered as epizootiologically stable to Babesia spp when 75% of the cattle between the ages of 3 to 9 months are seroreactive (IgG) against Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina, and there is no clinical evidence. The purpose of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina in cattle at the Vegas de la Clara Farm (Antioquia University, Gómez Plata, Antioquia) through indirect immunofluorescence. A prospective descriptive study with cross-sectional analysis was designed and the entire bovine population of the Clara Vegas Farm (n = 118) was evaluated. All samples were evaluated through indirect immunofluorescence in order to detect specific IgG antibodies against B. bovis and B. bigemina. The seroreactivity obtained in the evaluated bovines for at least one species of Babesia was of 89.8%, of 83.8% for Babesia bovis and of 61% for B. bigemina. A statistically significant relationship was obtained between the seroreactivity for B. bigemina and the frequency of acaricide treatment. Seroreactivity indicates enzootic stability in the herd for B. bovis, whereas for B. bigemina it was found that the frequency of acaricide treatment interrupts its transmission cycle.
Meningoencefalitis por histoplasmosis en un canino: reporte de caso
Authors: Arias Sergio , Suárez Frank , Álvarez Iván , Gutiérrez Edgar , Castellanos Iovana , Cardona Leonel
Published: August 2018

Canine Histoplasmosis is an American important disease mostly in the central and southwest partof the United States that has not been yet reported in Colombia. Reports in human beings suggest the presence of this parasite in Colombia. This paperintends to report a case of canine histoplasmosis which was presented to the Small Animal Hospitalof La Salle University located at Bogotá- Colombia.The dog showed clinical signs of ataxia, turning, meningoecephalitis, the CSF analysis showed yeast-likeof Histoplasma capsulatum. For our information this is one of the first reports of meningo encephalitis by Histoplasma in dogs in Colombia.
Las enfermedades infecciosas y su importancia en el sector avícola
Authors: Jaimes Olaya Javier Andrés , Gómez Ramírez Arlen Patricia , Álvarez Espejo Diana Claudia Marcela , Soler Tovar Diego , Romero Prada Jaime Ricardo , Villamil Jiménez Luis Carlos
Published: August 2018

Poultry industry has become one of the most promising and fastest growing in Colombia, with in the context of a country whose best skills are in the agricultural sector. For this reason, programs currently being implemented to improve the quality of poultry products, with the aim not only to maintain the growth of the industry but to expand the frontiers toexport. However, the poultry industry faces a great challenge to production level, because infectious diseases affecting birds continue to be the major headacheof the sector, even over food and genetics. This article presents relevant elements concerning the poultry industry as well as official control infectious diseases and some infectious diseases that afflictmore, emphasizing the importance of the intervention for managing and controlling such diseases.
Estudio seroepidemiológico del virus de parainfluenza 3 en bovinos del municipio de Montería (Colombia) con trastornos reproductivos
Authors: Betancur Hurtado César , Orrego Uribe Alberto , González Tous Marco
Published: August 2018

The virus of the bovine Para influenza 3 is known to be a part of the bovine respiratory complex, along with another infectious agent as the bovine sincitialrespiratory virus, which has not as yet been diagnosed at the geographical area of this study. This work was carried out at Monteria, Colombia, in bovines from 28 farms, with the aim of finding the serological prevalence of the PI-3 virus. Blood samples were collected from 137 females, with a history of reproductive failure, and from 26 bulls from the same farms. The serological test used was the ELISA test. A descriptive analysis was carried out, recording data from positives and from negatives sera. A Chi-square test was used to test for association between the variables: sex, age, reproductive condition and type of production system, with serological reactivity to the PI-3virus. Concerning the results of the study, the point prevalence for the PI-3 virus found was 13, 5%, and under statistical bases, statistical significance was found between age groups and association was not found for the others variables taken in account for the study. According to the results, it was concluded that the PI-3 virus is present in bovines of Monteria, and that a part of the reproductive failure in females of the region, mostly the return to estrus and abortions, is due to the effect of that pathological entity. Finally, the authors recommend more extensive studies on PI-3 Infection, at the different cattle raising areas of Colombia, a country of 24 million heads.
Determinación de los valores del índice de Tei (índice de performance miocárdico) en caninos con insuficiencia cardiaca, evaluados mediante ecocardiografía Doppler
Authors: Álvarez Iván , Ortiz Carlos , Cruz Luis Eduardo
Published: August 2018

The left ventricular (LV) Tei index (index of myocardial performance) has been demonstrated to be clinically useful in estimating comprehensive LVfunction, including the systolic and diastolic performances. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the LV Tei index in dogs with Heart Failure (HF). The LV Tei index significantly increased in dogs with HFcompared with normal dogs. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that the LV Tei index was measurable in dogs and not influenced by heart rate, age and body weight. The LV Tei index significantly increasedin dogs with HF.
Aspectos moleculares relevantes de las proteínas de patogenicidad de Leptospira sp.
Authors: Baquero Parra Mónica , Gómez Arlen Patricia , Hernández Rodríguez Patricia
Published: August 2018

La leptospirosis es una zoonosis ampliamente difundida, que afecta cerca de 160 especies salvajes y domésticas, las cuales se constituyen en reservorios latentes y son fuente primaria de contaminación para el hombre. Esta zoonosis es causada por la Leptospira sp., bacteria Gram negativa que tiene la capacidad de sobrevivir en la orina. Esto, sumado a la presencia de charcos, lagunas y aguas estancadas que se contaminan fácilmente y se convierten en un foco permanente de transmisión, hace de la leptospirosis una enfermedad de impacto en salud pública. La leptospirosis se diagnóstica utilizando la técnica convencional por microglutinación (MAT). Sin embargo, no existen criterios unificados respecto a los títulos considerados como positivos, originando un número relevante de falsos positivos y negativos. Por consiguiente, es necesario evaluar nuevas estrategias diagnósticas altamente sensibles y específicas para lograr un diagnóstico preciso y confiable. Con este artículo se busca hacer una revisión sobre el papel de las proteínas asociadas con patogenicidad y la utilidad de estudios de expresión génica, en la implementación de nuevas técnicas diagnósticas que permitan postular marcadores moleculares de infección.
Importancia de los sistemas silvopastoriles en la reducción del estrés calórico en sistemas de producción ganadera tropical
Authors: Navas Panadero Alexander
Published: August 2018

Los sistemas de producción bovina en el país se han desarrollado a partir de conceptos y tecnologías de revolución verde, donde se privilegia el monocultivo de gramíneas, eliminando de las áreas de pastoreo la cobertura arbórea. Este modelo no ha tenido en cuenta las condiciones climáticas de los diferentes ecosistemas tropicales, en los cuales variables como temperatura, humedad relativa y evaporación pueden limitar la eficiencia productiva y reproductiva de los animales, además de ser un factor de riesgo para la presencia de enfermedades en el hato. Las razas Bos Taurus y Bos Indicus presentan rangos de termoneutralidad donde pueden expresar su potencial genético, cuando los animales se salen de esta zona confort entran en estrés calórico el cual reduce su desempeño y en ocasiones puede causar la muerte. Los sistemas silvopastoriles tienen múltiples funciones, entre ellas contribuyen a reducir el estrés calórico, ya que bajo la copa de los árboles se reduce entre 2 y 9° C la temperatura con relación a las áreas de potrero abierto, se han encontrado diferencias en la reducción de la temperatura entre tipos de sistemas silvopastoriles y entre especies, siendo los arreglos de árboles en grupo o bosquetes y las especies con copa densa las que tienen mayor efecto. Se debe analizar las interacciones entre los componentes para diseñar un sistema que incorporen una cobertura arbórea suficiente para lograr la reducción del estrés calórico, sin que los árboles lleguen a afectar la producción de forraje en los potreros. Los sistemas silvopastoriles contribuyen a mejorar el bienestar animal.
Toxicología de las dioxinas y su impacto en la salud humana
Authors: Cruz Carrillo Anastasia , Moreno Figueredo Giovanni , Lara Osorio Mauricio
Published: August 2018

Las dioxinas son contaminantes de síntesis que se forman de manera espontánea en diversos procesos industriales. Son compuestos organoclorados muy estables en el medio ambiente, capaces de permanecer en los tejidos humanos y animales; y por ello hacen bioacumulación, lo que facilita la presentación de toxicidad crónica, dentro de la que se destaca la carcinogenicidad, la mutagenicidad y el efecto disruptor endocrino. Se hace referencia a las características físicoquímicas de estos compuestos, a su toxicodinamia y efectos adversos, para finalmente, relacionar la toxicidad de estos compuestos con la salud humana y con la responsabilidad de producir alimentos inocuos para el ser humano.
MENGUKUR RASA INGIN TAHU SISWA [MEASURING STUDENTS' CURIOSITY]
Authors: Raharja Steven , Wibhawa Martinus Ronny , Lukas Samuel
Published: August 2018

One factor that influences students in becoming active learners and self developers is curiosity.  Curiosity is defined as an impulse within a person to gain new information without appreciation or extrinsic factors. A person's curiosity encourages him to devote more attention to an activity, to process information more deeply, to remember information better, and to fulfill tasks more accurately. This paper aims to create a valid and reliable instrument to measure students’ curiosity and to test it students in a grade 10 and 11 science class using cluster random sampling.  Results showed no correlation between students’ curiosity and their grades. It was also found that there was no significant mean difference in students’ curiosity between male and female students. 

BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRAK: Salah satu faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi siswa sebagai pembelajar yang aktif dan terus mengembangkan diri adalah rasa ingin tahu. Rasa ingin tahu didefinisikan sebagai dorongan dalam diri seseorang untuk memperoleh informasi baru tanpa adanya penghargaan maupun faktor ekstrinsik. Rasa ingin tahu seseorang mendorong ia mencurahkan banyak perhatian kepada suatu aktivitas untuk memproses informasi lebih dalam, mengingat informasi lebih baik dan lebih cenderung mengerjakan tugas dengan tuntas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat instrumen yang valid dan reliabel untuk mengukur rasa ingin tahu siswa, mengujikannya pada siswa kelas X dan XI disuatu sekolah dengan cluster random sampling. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan instrumen kuesioner yang valid dan reliabel serta pengujian hipotesa yang menyatakan tidak ada hubungan rata-rata rasa ingin tahu dengan tingkat pendidikan kelas X dengan kelas XI dan tidak ada perbedaan rata-rata rasa ingin tahu siswa perempuan dengan siswa pria.
An Analysis of Pre-Service Science Teachers’ Attitude towards Renewable Energy Sources and Their Awareness towards Environmental Problems
Authors: YENİCE Nilgün , ALPAK TUNÇ Gizem
Published: August 2018

This study aims at analysis to determine relation between awareness towards environmental problems of science teacher candidates and their attitude towards renewable energy sources. It was carried out during the school year of 2015-2016 with 371 pre-service science teachers attending a faculty of education in university where is located in the western part of Turkey. The data of the study were collected using two tools: “Environmental Problems Awareness Scale” and “The Scale of Renewable Energy Sources”. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics. In addition to descriptive statistics, benefited from pearson moment correlation analysis to determine relation between awareness towards environmental problems of science teacher candidates and their attitude towards renewable energy sources. The findings showed that the participants had a awareness towards environmental problems was positive also their attitude towards renewable energy sources was close to positive level. It was also found that, there is a meaning, positive and moderate relationship between the participants awareness towards environmental problems and their attitude towards renewable energy sources.
A Critical Approach to Turkish Language and Literature Course Syllabus Dated 2017
Authors: CEMİLOĞLU Mustafa
Published: August 2018

In this study, Turkish language and literature lesson curriculum dated 2017 is examined and criticised. It is realised that this curriculum make two different lessons into one lesson form and student achievements is regulated again. Firstly philosophical perspective of the programme is examined then reading texts and the organization of skills and students achievements, suggestions and complaints about assessment and evaluations are evaluated and this programme have integrity whether do not have integrity in itself is investigated.
The Relationship of Preservice Science Teachers’ Decision Making Strategies and Content Knowledge in Socio-Scientific Issues
Authors: DEMİRAL Ümit , TÜRKMENOĞLU Hande
Published: August 2018

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between preservice science teachers' decision-making strategies and their content knowledge in a socioscientific issue. For this purpose, holistic multiple case design was used in qualitative research methods in this research. The study was carried out with 15 preservice teachers selected by means of purposive sampling method among 125 preservice teachers studying at Science Education Department of a state university at Central Anatolian Region of Turkey. As a data collection tool in the research, GMOs Knowledge Test (GKT), Chocolate Selection Scenario and interview questions were used. First, GKT was applied to 125 preservice teachers. As a result of this test, preservice teachers are divided into three groups as low, medium and high level content knowledge about GMOs. From these groups, low level (f = 5), medium level (f = 5) and high level (f = 5) preservice teachers were selected by purposeful sampling method for the interview. A scenario was given in order to evaluate the decision-making strategies of the 15 selected preservice teachers and then interviews were conducted. According to research findings, the group with high-level content knowledge about GMOs seems to discuss according to their importance by comparing the criterias that consider different aspects of the options at a high level (compensatory decision-making strategy). It is seen that the group with medium level content knowledge uses cut offs as well as making comparisons between the criteria (mixed strategy). It is also seen that the group with low level content knowledge frequently uses cut offs between options and evaluates options in a narrow viewpoint (non-compensatory decision-making strategy). According to these results, decision making abilities of preservice teachers with high-level content knowledge are higher than other groups. The training environment which increases the content knowledge in this issue is suggested so that the preservice teachers can have effective decision making strategies in socio-scientific issues during the education process
As dinâmicas coletivas de criação em teatro e os diferentes sentidos de dramaturgia
Authors: Nicolete Adélia
Published: August 2018

Analisadas a criação coletiva e o processo colaborativo, verifica-se que, dentre as características das encenações resultantes, encontram-se configurações formais que escapam à estrutura dramática convencional e seu funcionamento orgânico. Pretende-se, com este artigo, refletir sobre alguns sentidos abarcados pelo termo dramaturgia no teatro contemporâneo a fim de fundamentar a busca pelas novas formas do texto verbal e da cena criadas em dinâmicas coletivas.
A atividade teatral paulistana no século XXI e o conceito de “forma de produção”
Authors: Frin Luiz Eduardo , Mate Alexandre
Published: August 2018

A partir da apreciação do trabalho de duas companhias teatrais da cidade de São Paulo: a Cia. Livre e a Cia. Teatro Balagan, propõe-se o conceito de “forma de produção”, contextualizado historicamente e determinante na atividade do chamado Movimento de Teatro Grupo Paulistano.
Enche a roda! Vem ouvir! As histórias da carroça que hoje passam por aqui!
Authors: Vasconcelos Gisele Soares de
Published: August 2018

Da oralidade ao texto escrito, a dramaturgia do espetáculo de teatro de rua A Carroça é Nossa, do Grupo Xama Teatro (MA), segue um caminho de experiências compartilhadas por atores contadores brincantes, tendo como ponto de partida a tradição e a memória. Este escrito descreve uma prática que faz eco dos saberes populares, de uma organização fundada nas manifestações da cultura de um povo que dança, narra e canta.
Editorial
Authors: Spina Rodrigo
Published: August 2018

Editorial da Pitágoras 500: Revista de Estudos Teatrais
Comédia tática: entre um burro comendo figos e um jiu-jitsu semiótico
Authors: Salvatti Fabio
Published: August 2018

A proximidade histórica entre humor e a crítica social nos leva a perguntar qual a possibilidade de aproveitar esta relação para propósitos que extrapolem finalidades artísticas e ganhem contornos de ativismo político. Para tanto, primeiro examinamos como comédia e política se associaram em determinados momentos da história da arte. Em seguida, partindo das experiências dos yippies e dos situacionistas, e considerando a distinção entre tática e estratégia feita por Michel Certeau, propomos a categoria de risoativismo.
Collaborative and Adaptive Dam Operation for Flood Control
Authors: Someya Kenji ,   Kizugawa Dams Integrated Operation and Management Office, Japan Water Agency
 2811-2 Shimohinachi, Nabari-City, Mie 518-0413, Japan
Published: August 2018

Flood control by a dam is generally executed to follow the predetermined operation rule, which can determine the required outflow discharge in accordance with the change in inflow. However, when flood damage could be reduced by using the dam flood control capacity to its limit, the dam would be expected to store as much water as possible without any regard to the predetermined operation. Occasionally, an adaptive operation for flood control would be effective in such cases, for example, to reduce dam outflow discharge compared to the predetermined outflow discharge to match river flow capacity, which is low in some downstream parts of a dam, or to ease one river to flow down quickly by storing and retarding another river flow by dams. However, such an adaptive operation is non-typical and requires extra effort in addition to being risky to dam managers and the people along the rivers. This paper introduces two cases of adaptive flood control for the flood control executed in the Yodo river in 2009 and 2013 and then describes the systems applied in the Kizugawa Dams Integrated Operation and Management Office (KDIIMO), Japan Water Agency (JWA) to execute an adaptive operation for flood control in a safer manner.
Floods in Southern Thailand in December 2016 and January 2017
Authors: Tebakari Taichi , Wongsa Sanit , Hayashi Yoshiaki ,   Toyama Prefectural University 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu-shi, Toyama 939-0398, Japan,   Department of Civil Technology Education, Faculty of Industrial Education and Technology,
King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand,   Department of Civil Engineering, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
Published: August 2018

A large scale flood disaster occurred in Southern Thailand in December, 2016 and January, 2017, resulting in 95 deaths. The majority of the 15 provinces in Southern Thailand suffered from the disaster and extensive, long-term damage was caused which distinguished this flood event from previous flood disasters. This paper reports the findings of a field survey conducted in February, 2017 and analyzes the precipitation phenomena by using ground rainfall data as well as satellite rainfall data because there were not enough ground rain gauges set in this region. Results revealed that this precipitation event had the highest intensity out of all precipitation events occurring over the last 11 years.
Expression of Signaling Molecules Involved in Embryonic Development of the Insertion Site Is Inadequate for Reformation of the Native Enthesis
Authors: Deng Xiang-Hua , Lebaschi Amir , Camp Christopher L. , Carballo Camila B. , Coleman Nathan W. , Zong Jianchun , Grawe Brian M. , Rodeo Scott A.
Published: August 2018

Background:

Since healing of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) grafts occurs by formation of a fibrovascular scar-tissue interface rather than by reformation of the native fibrocartilage transition zone, the purpose of our study was to examine expression of various signaling molecules and transcription factors that are known to be involved in embryologic insertion-site development following ACL reconstruction. We also aimed to characterize a murine model of ACL reconstruction to allow future study of the molecular mechanisms of healing.

Methods:

Seventy-nine mice underwent reconstruction of the ACL with autograft. Healing was assessed using histology in 12 mice and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) gene-expression analysis in 3 mice at 1 week postoperatively (Group-1 mice) and by biomechanical analysis in 7, histological analysis in 7, immunohistochemical analysis in 5, microcomputed tomography analysis in 5, and qRT-PCR analyses in 8 at 2 weeks (Group-2 mice) and 4 weeks (Group-3 mice) postoperatively. Fifteen additional mice did not undergo surgery and were used for biomechanical (7 mice), qRT-PCR (3 mice), and immunohistochemical (5 mice) analyses to obtain baseline data for the native ACL.

Results:

Histological analysis demonstrated healing by formation of fibrovascular tissue at the tendon-bone interface. Immunohistochemical analysis showed a positive expression of proteins in the Indian hedgehog, Wnt, and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) pathways. There was minimal Sox-9 expression. Gene-expression analysis showed an initial increase in markers of tissue repair and turnover, followed by a subsequent decline. Mean failure force and stiffness of the native ACL were 5.60 N and 3.44 N/mm, respectively. Mean failure force and stiffness were 1.29 N and 2.28 N/mm, respectively, in Group 2 and were 1.79 N and 2.59 N/mm, respectively, in Group 3, with 12 of 14 failures in these study groups occurring by tunnel pull-out.

Conclusions:

The spatial and temporal pattern of expression of signaling molecules that direct embryologic insertion-site formation was not adequate to restore the structure and composition of the native insertion site.

Clinical Relevance:

Development of a murine model to study ACL reconstruction will allow the use of transgenic animals to investigate the cellular, molecular, and biomechanical aspects of tendon-to-bone healing following ACL reconstruction, ultimately suggesting methods to improve healing in patients.
Risk Factors for Failure of Arthroscopic Revision Anterior Shoulder Stabilization
Authors: Su Favian , Kowalczuk Marcin , Ikpe Stephenson , Lee Hannah , Sabzevari Soheil , Lin Albert
Published: August 2018

Background:

Recurrent anterior instability following a failed Bankart repair in the shoulder represents a challenging clinical scenario. Few studies have examined the role of arthroscopic revision anterior stabilization as a treatment option in these cases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of arthroscopic revision anterior stabilization for patients with recurrent instability after a failed index procedure.

Methods:

Ninety-two patients underwent arthroscopic revision anterior stabilization after a failed index (open or arthroscopic) stabilization procedure. Sixty-five patients with a minimum of 2 years of follow-up were included in this study. The mean age at the time of revision surgery was 26 years (range, 15 to 57 years). The rate of recurrent instability and risk factors for failure were evaluated; the mean duration of follow-up was 4.7 years (range, 2 to 10.8 years). Glenoid and humeral bone loss were quantitatively assessed using preoperative T1-weighted magnetic resonance arthrograms to determine if the lesions were on-track or off-track.

Results:

Twenty-seven (42%) of the patients experienced recurrent instability at a mean of 2.3 years after arthroscopic revision anterior stabilization. On multivariate analysis, the presence of an off-track lesion, an age of <22 years, and ligamentous laxity were independent predictors of recurrence (p = 0.022, 0.028, and 0.031, respectively). Among a cohort with these risk factors excluded, the failure rate was 19%.

Conclusions:

Arthroscopic revision anterior stabilization is associated with a high rate of recurrent instability, and patient selection is of critical importance in order to minimize recurrence.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.