bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reading Speed as Correlate for Reading Comprehension of College Freshmen Students
Authors: Bulilan Ramil S.
Published: May 2016

Reading is for communication and inseparable with comprehension. Without comprehension, reading becomes meaningless. However, comprehension can be affected by lots of factors. In this study, speed was primarily presumed as such. Thus, it sampled 234 freshmen of Bohol Island State University, Clarin, Bohol, Philippines. The study utilized descriptive-correlational survey method which specifically gathered respondent’s preferred communication skills, attitudes towards reading, levels of comprehension, difference among attitudes towards reading, and the correlation between speed and comprehension. In determining reading proficiency, speed and comprehension tests were made. Results showed that in comprehension, respondents from the College of Teacher Education were very good readers, and only good readers were from the College of Technology and Allied Sciences. Respondents’ uncertain attitude towards reading was manifested in their strong preference of listening than reading. Most of them found difficulty in dealing with higher order comprehension skills. Respondents were below average in speed and only good in comprehension. It showed a highly significant difference on their attitudes towards reading. Furthermore, their speed and comprehension were correlated, which means that comprehension was dependent upon their speed; hence, that the slower they read, the poorer they comprehend.
Sociocultural Experiences of the Bago Indigenous Students
Authors: Padios-Relon Luzviminda
Published: May 2016

The traditions of certain groups or communities may change as new values may emerge and later be integrated into the society. This scenario has been evident among the indigenous peoples. Contrary to this, however, there are some minorities that can preserve their customs, beliefs, and practices. Other IPs’ existence, however, is unknown to many, especially among the younger ones nowadays. This study described the sociocultural experiences of the Bago students of University of Northern Philippines together with the problems they have encountered as a result of their exposure and dealings with the lowlanders. The descriptive research design was employed and utilized interview and observation methods. The respondents were purposively chosen. Based on the findings, the Bago students are incognizant of some elements of their customs, beliefs, and practices for they have been influenced by other groups or communities. They tend to be peace-loving, open-minded, and willing to accept changes, as manifested in mingling harmoniously with fellow students. Based on the findings, it is recommended that an organization be created, and programs are designed in the University that will serve as an avenue for the Bago students to showcase their unique culture. This will contribute in raising the level of awareness of the UNP community regarding their rich cultural heritage.
Geometric Transformations of the Loom Woven Cloth of Abra
Authors: Bose, Jr. Pablo B. , Talledo Maria Rebecca B. , Bose Maria Digna T.
Published: May 2016

The loom woven cloth reveals the distinct and rich culture of Abra. It displays intricate designs, arts, and patterns which reveal the ingenuity of the Abrenio. This study aimed to determine the different geometric concepts, shapes, designs, arts and patterns present in the loom woven product.  It also attempted to identify meanings and cultural implications exhibited in the colors and embroidery stitches present in the loom woven cloth of Abra.   The study made use of ethno-math research design. Interview of the loom weavers and actual examination of the loom woven cloth were done in this study. Key informants helped the researchers validate their prior knowledge about the geometric transformations present in the loom woven cloth of Abra.  It was found out that there are geometric concepts and transformations produced from the color combinations of the warp and weft threads.  Furthermore, there are ethnic meanings of the different embroidery stitch designs present in the loom woven cloth of Abra. The result of the study will be utilized as instructional material in math and allied subjects; and likewise a way of promoting the loom weaving industry of Abra.
Nível de engagement dos fãs das Termas do Centro de Portugal no Facebook
Authors: Torres Maria Filomena , García José Álvarez , Del Río Rama María de la Cruz , Coutinho Pires dos Santos Barbara
Published: May 2016

As redes sociais, tais como o Facebook, revolucionaram as estratégias de comunicação das marcas transformando o modo como a sociedade se comunica ao modificar percepções e normas sociais e, portanto, as dinâmicas da comunicação.  Neste sentido, tornou-se pertinente analisar a presença das Termas do Centro de Portugal, nas redes socias, uma vez que, as mesmas permitem transmitir informação sobre os seus serviços e produtos. O objetivo deste trabalho é medir, o nível de interação das Termas do Centro de Portugal com o seu público, de forma a comparar e a medir o envolvimento e a interação de cada uma das páginas com seus os utilizadores, e assim, poder auxiliar os gestores na elaboração de estratégias de conteúdos que possibilitem aumentar o grau de envolvimento dos fãs com a marca.  A escolha das Termas, que são estabelecimentos onde se presta serviços de saúde, no qual se realiza o aproveitamento das propiedades terapêuticas de uma água minero-medicinal para fins de prevenção a doenças, terapias, etc., baseou-se na importância que o setor de turismo de saúde em Portugal está adquirindo na atualidade, sendo as Termas seu principal representante. A metodologia do trabalho baseou-se em análises quantitativas utilizando a análise das métricas digitais PageMatch e Kaushik junto com uma análise de conteúdo das páginas oficiais das termas no Facebook. O processo de amostragem foi não probabilista intencional e a recolha dos dados se realizou entre os meses de junho a outubro de 2015. Compreendeu-se que a quantidade de informação disponibilizada nas páginas não é a responsável pelo o aumento do nível de Engagement. Verificou-se ainda, que a maioria das páginas de Facebook das Termas do Centro de Portugal, não potencializam essa ferramenta.
O potencial turístico para a observação da avifauna em três áreas verdes na cidade de Campo Grande, MS
Authors: Alibio Oppliger Emilia , Mussi Fontoura Fernanda , Morbeck de Oliveira Ademir Kleber , Barbosa de Toledo Maria Cecília , Soares da Silva Mauro Henrique , Robaldo Guedes Neiva Maria
Published: May 2016

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o potencial turístico da avifauna encontrada em três áreas verdes da cidade de Campo Grande. As áreas do estudo são abertas ao público, caracterizadas como um parque, uma praça e uma lagoa. O levantamento qualitativo da avifauna totalizou 55hs de observação por meio do método de observação direta por pontos. As espécies foram registradas e se calculou a frequência de ocorrência (FO) de cada espécie por área analisada.  Foram registradas 107 espécies que somam 12% das encontradas no bioma Cerrado e a arara-canindé foi a espécie com frequência absoluta de ocorrência nas três áreas. Cada uma das áreas apresentou espécies exclusivas e o parque, o maior número de espécies registradas, destacando-se como um local apropriado para realizar o roteiro de observação de aves. Porém, o potencial turístico dessa avifauna deve ser fortalecido com outras ações como observar se há complementariedade entre oferta e demanda, planejar e construir elementos próprios para as atividades de observação, organizar e apresentar modalidades da prática de observação de aves de acordo com as limitações da oferta e com o grau de envolvimento e especialização dos ‘birdwatchers’. A população local deve ser mobilizada e motivada a conhecer as aves que fazem parte da paisagem; a iniciativa privada pode se utilizar de um produto turístico formatado e criar novos produtos ou necessidades, como artesanato ou guias impressos; e a participação do poder público é imprescindível na promoção do produto ‘roteiro urbano de observação de aves’, como na manutenção de reservas naturais urbanas.
Appreciation of peer reviewers for 2015
Authors: Becker Thorsten W. , Blichert‐Toft Janne , Lee Cin‐Ty , Paytan Adina , Faul Ulrich , Yokoyama Yusuke
Published: May 2016

The editorial and scientific publishing process relies on the sustained work of volunteer reviewers, and evaluating the interdisciplinary and broad interest papers published in G‐Cubed can be a particular challenge. As Editors and Associated Editors, we are therefore hugely appreciative of the efforts of our reviewers and would like to thank and acknowledge them in this editorial. G‐Cubed published 252 manuscripts out of 472 submissions in 2015, and for this, we were able to rely on the efforts of 712 dedicated reviewers. Their names are listed below; in italics are those 41 who provided three or more reviews(!). A big thank you from the G‐Cubed team!
Evolution of chorus emissions into plasmaspheric hiss observed by Van Allen Probes
Authors: Zhou Qinghua , Xiao Fuliang , Yang Chang , Liu Si , He Yihua , Wygant J. R. , Baker D. N. , Spence H. E. , Reeves G. D. , Funsten H. O.
Published: May 2016

The two classes of whistler mode waves (chorus and hiss) play different roles in the dynamics of radiation belt energetic electrons. Chorus can efficiently accelerate energetic electrons, and hiss is responsible for the loss of energetic electrons. Previous studies have proposed that chorus is the source of plasmaspheric hiss, but this still requires an observational confirmation because the previously observed chorus and hiss emissions were not in the same frequency range in the same time. Here we report simultaneous observations form Van Allen Probes that chorus and hiss emissions occurred in the same range ∼300–1500 Hz with the peak wave power density about 10−5 nT2/Hz during a weak storm on 3 July 2014. Chorus emissions propagate in a broad region outside the plasmapause. Meanwhile, hiss emissions are confined inside the plasmasphere, with a higher intensity and a broader area at a lower frequency. A sum of bi‐Maxwellian distribution is used to model the observed anisotropic electron distributions and to evaluate the instability of waves. A three‐dimensional ray tracing simulation shows that a portion of chorus emission outside the plasmasphere can propagate into the plasmasphere and evolve into plasmaspheric hiss. Moreover, hiss waves below 1 kHz are more intense and propagate over a broader area than those above 1 kHz, consistent with the observation. The current results can explain distributions of the observed hiss emission and provide a further support for the mechanism of evolution of chorus into hiss emissions.
An algebraic continuous time parameter estimation for a sum of sinusoidal waveform signals
Authors: Ushirobira Rosane , Perruquetti Wilfrid , Mboup Mamadou
Published: May 2016

In this paper, a novel algebraic method is proposed to estimate amplitudes, frequencies, and phases of a biased and noisy sum of complex exponential sinusoidal signals. The resulting parameter estimates are given by original closed formulas, constructed as integrals acting as time‐varying filters of the noisy measured signal. The proposed algebraic method provides faster and more robust results, compared with usual procedures. Some computer simulations illustrate the efficiency of our method. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanical Properties of the Boron Nitride Analog of Graphyne: Scaling Laws and Failure Patterns
Authors: Becton Matthew , Zeng Xiaowei , Wang Xianqiao
Published: May 2016

Recent years have witnessed the explosive growth of interest in novel two‐dimensional materials beyond graphene, such as the boron nitride analogue BNyne. Here, the authors perform steered molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to probe the structure, mechanical properties, and failure of BNyne with a range of triple‐single‐bond linker numbers. The authors develop a set of general scaling laws for the cumulative effects of linkers based on MD, allowing extrapolation to extended BNynes. Results indicate that the number of linkers, and thus density, is a vital metric of material strength and stiffness. We find that BNyne is stronger in the armchair direction but stiffer in the zigzag direction. These findings are promising as the application of this strong, anisotropic 2D material becomes closer to reality.
Tactical capacity planning for semiconductor manufacturing: MILP models and scalable distributed parallel algorithms
Authors: Zhou Rui‐Jie , Li Li‐Juan
Published: May 2016

A multiperiod stochastic mixed‐integer linear programming model is developed to address the tactical capacity planning of semiconductor manufacturing with considerations of complex routing of material flows, in‐process inventory, demand and capacity variability, multisite production, capacity utilization rate, and downside risk management. Both planning level decisions (i.e., capacity allocation and customer service level decisions) as well as operational level decisions (i.e., production, inventory, and shipment decisions) can be simultaneously determined based on the two proposed multiobjective optimization models. To address the huge number of scenarios needed to characterize the uncertainty and the large number of first‐stage integer variables in industrial scale applications, two novel scalable distributed parallel optimization algorithms are developed to mitigate the computational burden. The proposed mathematical models and algorithms are illustrated through two case studies from a major US semiconductor manufacturer. Results from these case studies provide key decision support for capacity expansion in semiconductor industry. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 3930–3946, 2016
Adolescents and adults affected by Cornelia de Lange syndrome: A report of 73 Italian patients
Authors: Mariani Milena , Decimi Valentina , Bettini Laura Rachele , Maitz Silvia , Gervasini Cristina , Masciadri Maura , Ajmone Paola , Kullman Gaia , Dinelli Marco , Panceri Roberto , Cereda Anna , Selicorni Angelo
Published: May 2016

Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a rare genetic condition related to mutation of various cohesion complex related genes. Its natural history is quite well characterized as regard pediatric age. Relatively little information is available regarding the evolution of the disease in young‐adult age. In medical literature, only one specific study has been published on this topic. We report on our experience on 73 Italian CdLS patients (40 males and 33 females) with and age range from 15 to 49 years. Our results confirm the previous study indicating that gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the main medical problem of these patients in childhood and young‐adult age. Other medical features that should be considered in the medical follow‐up are tendency to overweight/frank obesity, constipation, discrepancy of limbs’ length, epilepsy, hearing, and visual problems. Behavioral problems are particularly frequent as well. For this reason, every source of hidden pain should be actively searched for in evaluating a patient showing such a disorder. Finally, recommendations for medical follow‐up in adult age are discussed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Crystalline Isotactic Polar Polypropylene from the Palladium‐Catalyzed Copolymerization of Propylene and Polar Monomers
Authors: Ota Yusuke , Ito Shingo , Kobayashi Minoru , Kitade Shinichi , Sakata Kazuya , Tayano Takao , Nozaki Kyoko
Published: May 2016

Moderately isospecific homopolymerization of propylene and the copolymerization of propylene and polar monomers have been achieved with palladium complexes bearing a phosphine‐sulfonate ligand. Optimization of substituents on the phosphorus atom of the ligand revealed that the presence of bulky alkyl groups (e.g. menthyl) is crucial for the generation of high‐molecular‐weight polypropylenes (Mw≈104), and the substituent at the ortho‐position relative to the sulfonate group influences the molecular weight and isotactic regularity of the obtained polypropylenes. Statistical analysis suggested that the introduction of substituents at the ortho‐position relative to the sulfonate group favors enantiomorphic site control over chain end control in the chain propagation step. The triad isotacticity could be increased to mm=0.55–0.59, with formation of crystalline polar polypropylenes, as supported by the presence of melting points and sharp peaks in the corresponding X‐ray diffraction patterns.
An Iridium(I) N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complex Catalyzes Asymmetric Intramolecular Allylic Amination Reactions
Authors: Ye Ke‐Yin , Cheng Qiang , Zhuo Chun‐Xiang , Dai Li‐Xin , You Shu‐Li
Published: May 2016

A chiral iridium(I) N‐heterocyclic carbene complex was reported for the first time as the catalyst in the highly enantioselective intramolecular allylic amination reaction. The current method provides facile access to biologically important enantioenriched indolopiperazinones and piperazinones in good yields (74–91 %) and excellent enantioselectivities (92–99 % ee). Preliminary mechanistic investigations reveal that the C−H activation occurs at the position ortho to the N‐aryl group of the ligand.
Synthesis, characterization, catalytic and splinting activity of nano Ag end capped l‐glutathione bridged amphiphilic diblock copolymer
Authors: Jeyapriya Muthuramalingam , Meenarathi Balakrishnan , Anbarasan Ramasamy
Published: May 2016

l‐glutathione, a naturally occurring environmental friendly amino acid, was used as an initiator towards the ring opening polymerization (ROP) of ɛ‐caprolactone (CL) followed by the ROP of tetrahydrofuran (THF). The thiol group of l‐glutathione reduces Ag+ ions and chemically bound to the surface of Ag nanoparticles. The ROP of CL was carried out at 160 °C under nitrogen atmosphere in the presence of stannous octoate(SO) as catalyst whereas the ROP of THF was carried out at 45 °C for 24 h in the presence of phthalic anhydride (PAH) as a comonomer. The synthesized homo, di and nano Ag end capped diblock copolymers were characterized by FTIR, DSC, TGA, FESEM, high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), EDAX, GPC, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fluorescence and CD. Further the application of diblock copolymer was tested for splinting activity. The catalytic reduction of 4‐nitrophenol (NP) in the presence of nano Ag end capped diblock copolymer was carried out with the assistance of sodium borohydride as a reducing agent and the apparent rate constant (kapp) was determined and compared with the literature values. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43804.
Post‐capture survival of whale sharks encircled in tuna purse‐seine nets: tagging and safe release methods
Authors: Escalle Lauriane , Murua Hilario , Amande Justin Monin , Arregui Igor , Chavance Pierre , Delgado de Molina Alicia , Gaertner Daniel , Fraile Igaratza , Filmalter John David , Santiago Josu , Forget Fabien , Arrizabalaga Haritz , Dagorn Laurent , Merigot Bastien
Published: May 2016

1. Whale shark, the world's largest fish, is believed to be particularly vulnerable owing to its biological characteristics (slow growth, late maturation, great longevity) and is listed as Vulnerable by IUCN and included in Appendix II of CITES.

2. Whale sharks are occasionally encircled in tropical tuna purse‐seine nets, throughout this global fishery. Although apparent immediate survival rates following encirclement and release have recently been assessed through scientific onboard observer programmes, a more rigorous methodology is still required for studying post‐released survival.

3. This work provides a method for applying pop‐up satellite tags and reports an enhanced release procedure for whale sharks. The first assessment of survival after release from purse‐seine nets involved six whale sharks tagged between May and September 2014 in the eastern tropical Atlantic Ocean. Five tags transmitted data: three popped up as programmed (after 30 days), while two surfaced prematurely (one after 21 and the other after 71 days (programmed to pop off after 30 and 90 days, respectively)) but showed no sign of unusual behaviour.

4. Overall, whale sharks survived at least 21 days (one at least 71 days) after release from purse‐seine nets. These observations based on five large individuals (total length > 8 m), suggest that whale sharks have a good chance of survival when released with the proposed method.

5. Additional tagging in this and other oceans, especially of juveniles which may be more sensitive to encirclement and release operations, is essential to further assess whale shark post‐release survival rates in tuna purse‐seine fisheries. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
From chalkboard, slides, and paper to e‐learning: How computing technologies have transformed anatomical sciences education
Authors: Trelease Robert B.
Published: May 2016

Until the late‐twentieth century, primary anatomical sciences education was relatively unenhanced by advanced technology and dependent on the mainstays of printed textbooks, chalkboard‐ and photographic projection‐based classroom lectures, and cadaver dissection laboratories. But over the past three decades, diffusion of innovations in computer technology transformed the practices of anatomical education and research, along with other aspects of work and daily life. Increasing adoption of first‐generation personal computers (PCs) in the 1980s paved the way for the first practical educational applications, and visionary anatomists foresaw the usefulness of computers for teaching. While early computers lacked high‐resolution graphics capabilities and interactive user interfaces, applications with video discs demonstrated the practicality of programming digital multimedia linking descriptive text with anatomical imaging. Desktop publishing established that computers could be used for producing enhanced lecture notes, and commercial presentation software made it possible to give lectures using anatomical and medical imaging, as well as animations. Concurrently, computer processing supported the deployment of medical imaging modalities, including computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound, that were subsequently integrated into anatomy instruction. Following its public birth in the mid‐1990s, the World Wide Web became the ubiquitous multimedia networking technology underlying the conduct of contemporary education and research. Digital video, structural simulations, and mobile devices have been more recently applied to education. Progressive implementation of computer‐based learning methods interacted with waves of ongoing curricular change, and such technologies have been deemed crucial for continuing medical education reforms, providing new challenges and opportunities for anatomical sciences educators. Anat Sci Educ 9: 583–602. © 2016 American Association of Anatomists.
Economic risk analysis and critical comparison of optimal biorefinery concepts
Authors: Cheali Peam , Posada John A. , Gernaey Krist V. , Sin Gürkan
Published: May 2016

In this paper, eight optimal biorefinery concepts for biofuels and biochemicals production are critically analyzed and compared in terms of their techno‐economic performance and associated economic risks against historical market fluctuations. The investigated biorefinery concepts consider different combinations of biomass feedstock (lignocellulosic versus algal) and conversion technologies (biochemical versus thermochemical). In addition, the economic performance of each biorefinery concept is tested assuming a sudden drop in oil prices in order to compare the fitness/survival of each concept under extreme market disturbances. The analyses reveal amongst others that: (i) lignocellulosic bioethanol production is not economically feasible considering a drop in oil prices (a negative internal rate of return); (ii) a multi‐product biorefinery concept, where bioethanol is upgraded to higher value‐added chemicals (diethyl ether and 1,3‐butadiene), provides an improved resilience and robustness against market price fluctuations by reducing economic loss by 140 MM$/a (17% IRR); (iii) the economic analysis favors biochemical conversion technologies for a small production/processing capacity, whereas the thermochemical conversion platform is favored for a relatively larger production capacity; and (iv) the microalgae‐based biorefinery concept performed worse in terms of economics compared to the others, which is largely due to the cost of algae production and harvesting. In general, we recommend that a comprehensive economic risk analysis, using for example the Monte Carlo technique, should be an integral part of the conceptual design, development, and optimization of biorefineries to help improve their economic robustness in view of the competitive market for chemicals and fuels. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Laser shock wave‐induced visible mechanoluminescence from semi‐transparent organic crystals
Authors: Sonwane V.D. , Gour Anubha S. , Jha Piyush
Published: May 2016

Indirect focusing of the output from a pulsed infrared Nd3+:YAG laser through a shock‐generating layer onto organic crystals results in the emission of an intense microsecond duration pulse of mechanoluminescence (ML). The ML appears after a threshold laser fluence has been reached and increases sharply above this threshold. This specifies that there is a corresponding amplitude of a laser‐induced shock wave that is necessary to induce crystal fracturing. Thus, the intensity of ML can be controlled by varying the laser fluence. Piezoelectric charges produced on the surfaces of a fractured crystal create the foundation for luminescence. Initially, the ML intensity increases with the shock wave pressure and time due to the creation of more surfaces in the crystal; the ML intensity reaches a peak value and then decreases over time. Thus, laser shock wave‐induced ML provides a new optical technique for the study of materials under high pressure. Expressions explored for the characteristics of laser shock wave‐induced ML satisfactorily explain the experimental results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identifyability measures to select the parameters to be estimated in a solid‐state fermentation distributed parameter model
Authors: da Silveira Christian L. , Mazutti Marcio A. , Salau Nina P. G.
Published: May 2016

Process modeling can lead to of advantages such as helping in process control, reducing process costs and product quality improvement. This work proposes a solid‐state fermentation distributed parameter model composed by seven differential equations with seventeen parameters to represent the process. Also, parameters estimation with a parameters identifyability analysis (PIA) is performed to build an accurate model with optimum parameters. Statistical tests were made to verify the model accuracy with the estimated parameters considering different assumptions. The results have shown that the model assuming substrate inhibition better represents the process. It was also shown that eight from the seventeen original model parameters were nonidentifiable and better results were obtained with the removal of these parameters from the estimation procedure. Therefore, PIA can be useful to estimation procedure, since it may reduce the number of parameters that can be evaluated. Further, PIA improved the model results, showing to be an important procedure to be taken. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:905–917, 2016
Mechanistic failure mode investigation and resolution of parvovirus retentive filters
Authors: LaCasse Daniel , Lute Scott , Fiadeiro Marcus , Basha Jonida , Stork Matthew , Brorson Kurt , Godavarti Ranga , Gallo Chris
Published: May 2016

Virus retentive filters are a key product safety measure for biopharmaceuticals. A simplistic perception is that they function solely based on a size‐based particle removal mechanism of mechanical sieving and retention of particles based on their hydrodynamic size. Recent observations have revealed a more nuanced picture, indicating that changes in viral particle retention can result from process pressure and/or flow interruptions. In this study, a mechanistic investigation was performed to help identify a potential mechanism leading to the reported reduced particle retention in small virus filters. Permeate flow rate or permeate driving force were varied and analyzed for their impact on particle retention in three commercially available small virus retentive filters. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:959–970, 2016
Characterizing the effect of multiple Fc glycan attributes on the effector functions and FcγRIIIa receptor binding activity of an IgG1 antibody
Authors: Pace Danielle , Lewis Nathaniel , Wu Tina , Gillespie Ron , Leiske Dan , Velayudhan Jyoti , Rohrbach Amanda , Connell‐Crowley Lisa
Published: May 2016

N‐linked Fc glycosylation of IgG1 monoclonal antibody therapeutics can directly influence their mechanism of action by impacting IgG effector functions such as antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement‐dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). Therefore, identification and detailed characterization of Fc glycan critical quality attributes (CQAs) provides important information for process design and control. A two‐step approach was used to identify and characterize the Fc glycan CQAs for an IgG1 Mab with effector function. First, single factor experiments were performed to identify glycan critical quality attributes that influence ADCC and CDC activities. Next, a full‐factorial design of experiment (DOE) to characterize the possible interactions and relative effect of these three glycan species on ADCC, CDC, and FcγRIIIa binding was employed. Additionally, the DOE data were used to develop models to predict ADCC, CDC, and FcγRIIIa binding of a given configuration of the three glycan species for this IgG1 molecule. The results demonstrate that for ADCC, afuco mono/bi has the largest effect, followed by HM and β‐gal, while FcγRIIIa binding is affected by afuco mono/bi and β‐gal. CDC, in contrast, is affected by β‐gal only. This type of glycan characterization and modeling can provide valuable information for development, manufacturing support and process improvements for IgG products that require effector function for efficacy. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:1181–1192, 2016
Consumers who avoid relationships: social anxiety in commercial contexts
Authors: Delacroix Eva , Guillard Valérie
Published: May 2016

This article focuses on the study of consumers with social anxiety who avoid relationships in commercial settings. While relationship marketing recommends fostering personal relationships with customers, our research shows that too much closeness can be a problem for people with social anxiety who are apprehensive about interacting with strangers. A qualitative study based on 17 in‐depth interviews with individuals with social anxiety allows us to specify the contexts that give rise to social anxiety—physical closeness between consumer and salesperson, when the interaction is relatively long, in new situations, or in situations designed to be repeated. Our study shows that social anxiety has psychological, economic, and time costs for the consumer. Additionally, the study sets out the relational preferences of people with social anxiety, showing that they prefer neutral, distant or anonymous relationships, that they do not like or benefit from special treatment, nor do they like to be surprised by novelty. The conventional recommendations of relational marketing (e.g., creating a close relationship with customers) are partly called into question by this study, which shows that not all individuals necessarily want such relationships in a commercial context. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: Phase Equilibria in the Ternary System PbO ‐ P2O5 ‐ PbF2.
Authors: BERAK J. , DABROWIECKA H.
Published: May 2016

Es wird das Phasendiagramm des Titelsystems erstellt und diskutiert.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of Cobalt and Cobalt‐Chromium Alloys in SO2‐O2 Atmosphere at 1073 K.
Authors: PRZYBYLSKI K. , WOJTOWICZ A.
Published: May 2016

Es wird die Struktur und die Zusammensetzung der unter den Titelbedingungen auf reinem Co und auf Co‐Cr‐Legierungen (0.8‐33% Cr) entstehenden Oberflächenfilme untersucht (IR, SEM, EDAX, EPMA).
ChemInform Abstract: A METHOD FOR THE INHIBITION OF SULFIDE STRESS CORROSION CRACKING IN STEEL ‐ I. ELECTROCHEMICAL ASPECTS
Authors: TSEUNG A. C. C. , SRISKANDARAJAH T. , CHAN H. C.
Published: May 2016

Electrochemical Aspects.
ChemInform Abstract: THE INFLUENCE OF REDUCING CONDITIONS ON THE SODIUM SULFATE‐INDUCED CORROSION OF PURE AND ALLOYED βNIAL
Authors: LEMOINE V. , STEINMETZ P. , ROQUES B.
Published: May 2016

Im Hinblick auf ihre Anwendung als Schutzschicht für der Hitze ausgesetzte Maschinenteile ( ;z.B. in Schiffsturbinen oder Flugzeugmotoren) wird die Korrosion der Phase β‐NiAl (rein oder mit Co‐ und Cr‐Zusätzen) durch Na2SO4 in reduzierenden Atmosphären (p(O2) = 10"′ at) bei 850°C untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: METAL‐PROMOTED FUSION OF B6H9‐. DIRECTED SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF DODECABORANE(16), B12H16
Authors: BREWER C. T. , SWISHER R. G. , SINN E. , GRIMES R. N.
Published: May 2016

Bei der Reaktion von 86H,′ (erhalten durch Deprotonierung von B6H", mit H′ in THF) mit FeC12/FeC13 wird erstmals das neutrale Bn‐Hydrid (III) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF MOLYBDENUM DIIODIDE WITH SULFUR
Authors: DROBOT D. V. , STARKOV V. V. , PISAREV E. A.
Published: May 2016

Bei der Titelreaktion im Vakuum bildet sich die Verbindung Moszlz, isostrukturell mit ihrem Chlor‐ und Bromanalogon.
ChemInform Abstract: HOST‐GUEST COMPLEXATION. 36. SPHERAND AND LITHIUM AND SODIUM ION COMPLEXATION N RATES AND EQUILIBRIA
Authors: CRAM D. J. , LEIN G. M.
Published: May 2016

Die Komplexbildungsfähigkeit von 1 Wirtsmolekülen, wie in vorstehendem Referat beschrieben, sowie solchen wie (I)‐(III) mit Li‐ und Na‐pikrat wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES WITH CYCLOBUTADIENES. 7. APPROACH TO THE 2‐OXABICYCLO(2.2.0)HEXENE/3‐OXATRICYCLO(3.1.0.02,6)HEXANE SYSTEM BY THERMAL CYCLOADDITION OF CARBONYL COMPOUNDS TO A STABLE CYCLOBUTADIENE
Authors: FINK J. , REGITZ M.
Published: May 2016

Während sich die Säurechloride (II) an das Cyclobutadien (I) unter Bildung der Cyclobutene (III) addieren, beobachtet man mit den Aldehyden (V) bzw. den aktivierten Ketonen (VI) die Entstehung der Oxabicyclen (IV) bzw. der Oxatricyclen (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: DIRECT OBSERVATION AND CHEMISTRY OF BIRADICALS FROM PHOTOCHEMICAL DECARBONYLATION OF α‐PERPHENYLATED CYCLOALKANONES
Authors: BARTON D. H. R. , CHARPIOT B. , INGOLD K. U. , JOHNSTON L. J. , MOTHERWELL W. B. , SCAIANO J. C. , STANFORTH S.
Published: May 2016

Bei präparativer Photolyse der Tetraphenylketone (I) bzw. (V) entstehen über die (blitzphotolytisch nachgewiesenen) Biradikale (II) bzw. (VI) die Produkte (III) und (IV) bzw. (VII) und (VIII); angegeben sind die isolierten Ausbeuten.
ChemInform Abstract: CONVENIENT SYNTHESIS OF VINYLCYCLOPROPANES BY INTERMOLECULAR TRAPPING OF THERMALLY GENERATED PERCHLOROVINYLCARBENE
Authors: WEBER W. , DE MEIJERE A.
Published: May 2016

Das Cyclopropen (I) erfährt oberhalb 150°C Ringspaltung unter Bildung von Perchlorvinylcarben (II), welches sich intermolekular an Olefine addiert.
ChemInform Abstract: THE FLUORIDE ION EFFECT IN THE REACTIONS OF SINGLET OXYGEN WITH ENOLS
Authors: WASSERMAN H. H. , PICKETT J. E.
Published: May 2016

Die Enole von Diketonen weisen eine geringe Reaktivität gegenüber SinguIett‐Sauerstoff auf; wird die Umsetzung jedoch in Gegenwart von Fluoridionen durchgeführt, erhält man aus den β‐Diketonen (I), (V), (VIII), (X), (XII) und (XIV) z.T. mit guten Ausb. die im Formelschema aufgeführten Produkte [(XIb) und (Xlc) werden nach Reaktion mit o‐Phenylendiamin als Chinoxalin‐Derivate isoliert].
ChemInform Abstract: DYE‐SENSITIZED PHOTO‐OXYGENATION OF 1,2‐CYCLOHEXANEDIONES
Authors: UTAKA M. , NAKATANI M. , TAKEDA A.
Published: May 2016

Die Photooxida‐ tion der Titelverbindungen (I) unter unterschiedlichen Reaktionsbedingungen wird beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND STABILITY OF α,β‐UNSATURATED SULFINES
Authors: RAO V. P. , RAMAMURTHY V.
Published: May 2016

Die cyclischen als‐ungesättigten Thioketone wie z.B. (I) werden durch m‐Chlorperbenzoesäure zu einem E/Z‐ Isomerengemisch der Sulfine (II) oxidiert.
ChemInform Abstract: Notiz zur Herstellung von Chloromethylmethylether aus Methoxyessigsäure.
Authors: STADLWIESER J.
Published: May 2016

Die Umsetzung von Methoxyessigsäure (I) mit Thionylchlorid führt zum Säurechlorid (II), das beim Erwärmen mit Aluminiumchlorid zum Chlordimethylether (III) decarbonyliert.
ChemInform Abstract: A ONE‐STEP TRANSFORMATION OF AROMATIC ALDEHYDES TO NITRILES, USING S,S‐DIMETHYLSULFURDIIMIDE AS IMINATING AGENT. ISOLATION OF DITHIATETRAZOCINES AS REACTION INTERMEDIATES
Authors: GEORG G. I. , PFEIFER S. A. , HAAKE M.
Published: May 2016

Mit S,S‐Dimethylschwefeldiimid (I) werden die aromatischen Aldehyde (II) in sehr guten Ausbeuten in die Nitrile (III) übergefuhrt.
ChemInform Abstract: DIRECT FLUORINATION OF BICYCLIC MOLECULES
Authors: GAL C. , ROZEN S.
Published: May 2016

Die direkte Fluorierung von bicycli‐ schen Kohlenwasserstoffen mit elementarem Fluor erfolgt an tertiären C‐Atomen.
ChemInform Abstract: A CONVENIENT SYNTHESIS OF ALKYL ARYLCYANOACETATES BY PALLADIUM‐CATALYZED AROMATIC SUBSTITUTION
Authors: UNO M. , SETO K. , UEDA W. , MASUDA M. , TAKAHASHI S.
Published: May 2016

Die Aryliodide (I) lassen sich mit den Cyanessigsäureestern (II) unter Palladium‐Katalyse in die α‐Cyanarylessigsäureester (III) umwandeln.
ChemInform Abstract: DIAZO REACTIONS WITH UNSATURATED COMPOUNDS. III. ANIONOARYLSULFONYLATION OF SOME DIENE HYDROCARBONS
Authors: NAIDAN V. M. , NAIDAN G. D. , DROZDOVA S. G. , MUSIENKO V. M.
Published: May 2016

Diene (I) reagieren mit Diazoniumsalzen (All) und Schwefeldioxid in Gegenwart von Kupfersalzen unter 1,4‐Addition zu den Sulfonen b8 (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Some New α‐Monosulfenylated Benzyl Phenyl Sulfones. Versatile Intermediates for the Synthesis of p‐Substituted Benzaldehydes.
Authors: WLADISLAW B. , MARZORATI L. , UCHOA R. B. , VIERTLER H.
Published: May 2016

Die Umsetzung der Benzyl‐phenylsulfone (I) mit Dimethyldisulfid und Natriumhydrid führt zu den α‐sulfenylierten Sulfonen (II), die durch saure Hydrolyse oder anodische Oxidation in die Benzaldehyde (III) umgewandelt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: ADDITION REACTIONS OF HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS. PART 81. PRODUCTS FROM DIMETHYL L ACETYLENEDICARBOXYLATE WITH SOME CYCLOALKYL(B)PYRIDINES
Authors: ABBOTT P. J. , ACHESON R. M. , CHOI M. C. K.
Published: May 2016

Die Cycloalkylpyridine (I) reagieren mit dem Diester (II) unter Bildung von Heterocyclen vom Typ (III)‐(VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Singlet Oxygen Photooxygenation of Furans. Isolation and Reactions of [4 + 2]‐Cycloaddition Products (Unsaturated sec.‐Ozonides).
Authors: GOLLNICK K. , GRIESBECK A.
Published: May 2016

Die 1O2‐Oxidation der Furane (I) führt zu den Ozoniden (II), die mit Ausnahme des Furfural‐Adduktes (IIi) bei Durchführung der Reaktion in unpolaren, aprotischen Lösungsmitteln bei tiefen Temp. isoliert werden [(IIe) nur in Lösung] und zu den Diketonen (III) reduziert werden können.
ChemInform Abstract: CONDENSED ANALOGS OF 2‐AMINO‐3‐CYANOBENZOFURAN
Authors: MAKOVETSKII B. P. , VOLOVENKO YU. M. , SVISHCHUK A. A.
Published: May 2016

Die 2‐Amino‐3‐cyanobenzofurane (I), als heterocyclische Analoga zum Anthranilonitril von Interesse für die Herstellung physiologisch aktiver Substanzen, werden einer Reihe von Umsetzungen unterworfen.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,8‐DIHYDRODITHIENO(3,4‐B:3′,4′‐I)‐1,4,8,11‐TETRAAZA(14)ANNULENES (4H,12H‐(1,4,8,11)TETRAAZACYCLOTETRADECINO(2,3‐C:9,10‐C′)DITHIOPHENES)
Authors: BASTIAN H. , BREITMAIER E.
Published: May 2016

Durch Reaktion des Thiophens (I) mit Aldehyden des Typs (II) lassen sich die orangeroten bis roten Titelverbindungen (III) darstellen.
ChemInform Abstract: CARBOCATIONS, CARBANIONS, AND CARBENES AS RING MEMBERS OF CROWN ETHERS
Authors: VON ITTER F.‐A. , VOEGTLE F. +
Published: May 2016

Ausgehend vom Kronenether (Ia) werden auf den angegebenen Wegen die Derivate (Ib)‐(Ie) dargestellt, von denen (lc), (Id) bzw. (Ia), (le) in die Titelspezies (III) bzw. (IV) übergeführt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF PHOSPHORUS TRIBROMIDE WITH 1,1,5‐TRIHYDROPERFLUOROPENTANOL
Authors: KROLEVETS A. A. , RAGULIN L. I.
Published: May 2016

Aus dem partiell fluorierten Pentanol (I) und Phosphor(III)‐bromid (II) erhält man ein Gemisch der Phosphite (III)‐(V), wobei (IV) nicht isolierbar, aber spektroskopisch nachweisbar ist.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATION OF RHODIUM COMPLEXES OF ASYMMETRIC WATER‐SOLUBLE DIPHOSPHINE DERIVED FROM 2‐((DIPHENYLPHOSPHINO)METHYL)‐4‐(DIPHENYLPHOSPHINO)PYRROLIDINE
Authors: BENHAMZA R. , AMRANI Y. , SINOU D.
Published: May 2016

Der bekannte Diphosphin‐Komplexbildner (I) für asymmetrische Hydrierungen mit Rhodiumkatalysatoren wird durch Umsetzung mit dem Trimellitsäureanhydridchlorid (II) und anschließende Verseifung bzw. durch Umsetzung mit Taurin (V) in die wasserlöslichen Verbindungen (IV) bzw. (VI) umgewandelt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE OF 1,4‐DIHYDRO‐1,4‐DIPHOSPHININES AND 1,4‐DIHYDRO‐1,4‐PHOSPHARSININES
Authors: MAERKL G. + , WEBER W. , WEISS W.
Published: May 2016

Die cyclisierende Addition der prim. Phosphine und Arsine (II) an die durch Grignardierung von R1PCl2 mit Ethinyl‐MgBr synthetisierten Diethinylphosphine (I) zu den 1,4‐Dihydro‐1,4‐diphosphininen bzw. ‐phospharsininen (III) gelingt radikalisch (AIBN) und basenkatalysiert.
ChemInform Abstract: Über P‐P‐haltige cyclische Verbindungen. 3. Mitt. Diazatriphospholane.
Authors: KLEEMANN S. , FLUCK E. , RIFFEL H. , HESS H.
Published: May 2016

Das Phosphinoamid (I) reagiert mit Hexamethyldisilthian (II) zum Diazatrisphospholanoxid (III), das mit Schwefel zum Oxodithiodiazatriphospholan (IV) oxidiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthese und einige Eigenschaften von 1,2,4‐Azadiphosphetidinen.
Authors: NOVIKOVA Z. S. , KABACHNIK M. M. , MONIN E. A. , BORISENKO A. A. , LUTSENKO I. F.
Published: May 2016

Die Dichloride (Ia) und (Ib) reagieren mit primären Aminen (II) zu den Diamiden (III), die thermisch zu den im Titel genannten Verbindungen (IV) cyclisieren.
ChemInform Abstract: A CONVENIENT PREPARATION OF SE‐ARYL SELENOCARBOXYLATES VIA SE‐ARYL ACYLMETHANESULFENOSELENOATES
Authors: KATO S. , KABUTO H. , ISHIHARA H. , MURAI T.
Published: May 2016

Die Acylsulfenylselenide (III), die aus Thiocarboxylaten (I) und Selenylbromiden (II) oder aus Acylsulfenylbromiden (IV) und Diseleniden (V) zugänglich sind, lassen sich durch Triphenylphosphin zu den Acylseleniden (VI) entschwefeln.
ChemInform Abstract: A SIMPLE SYNTHESIS OF ARYL DIFLUOROMETHYL SELENIDES AND TELLURIDES
Authors: SUZUKI H. , YOSHINAGA M. , TAKAOKA K. , HIROI Y.
Published: May 2016

Die Umsetzung der Arenselenolate bzw. Arentellurolate (I) mit Difluorcarben führt zu den Difluormethylseleniden bzw. ‐telluriden (III).
ChemInform Abstract: HETEROCYCLOPOLYAROMATICS. XIV. 2‐LITHIO‐(ALL‐αS)CYCLOTETRATHIOPHENE: SYNTHESIS AND PREPARATIVE APPLICATIONS
Authors: KAUFFMANN T. , MACKOWIAK H. P.
Published: May 2016

(all‐aS)Cyclotetrathiophen (II) wird mit Butyl‐Li in hoher Ausb. ( 79%) zu (Ia) monolithiiert, wie über die anschließende Reaktion mit Trimethylsilylchlorid zum Trimethylsilyl‐Derivat (Ib) bestätigt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: DINUCLEAR ARYLOXIDE CHEMISTRY. 4. EFFECT OF ARYLOXIDE ANCILLARY LIGANDS ON THE CHEMISTRY OF MOLYBDENUM‐MOLYBDENUM AND TUNGSTEN‐TUNGSTEN MULTIPLE METAL‐METAL BONDS
Authors: COFFINDAFFER T. W. , NICCOLAI G. P. , POWELL D. , ROTHWELL I. P. , HUFFMAN J. C.
Published: May 2016

Die Reaktionen der zweikernigen Dimethylamide (II) sowie des Isopropoxids (VIIa) mit substituierten Phenolen werden untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: TETRANUCLEAR CARBIDOTUNGSTEN AND NITRIDOMOLYBDENUM CLUSTERS SUPPORTED BY ALKOXIDE LIGANDS: W4(C)(OCHME2)12(NME) AND MO4(N)2(OCHME2)12
Authors: CHISHOLM M. H. , FOLTING K. , HUFFMAN J. C. , LEONELLI J. , MARCHANT N. S. , SMITH C. A. , TAYLOR L. C. E.
Published: May 2016

Bei Reaktion von W2(NMe2)6 mit W‐W‐Dreifachbindung mit mehr als 6 Äquiv.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐ALKYLPORPHYRIN FORMATION DURING THE REACTIONS OF CYTOCHROME P‐450 MODEL SYSTEMS
Authors: MASHIKO T. , DOLPHIN D. , NAKANO T. , TRAYLOR T. G.
Published: May 2016

Das elektronegativ substituierte Hämin (I) ist als wirksamer Katalysator für die Oxidation von organischen Verbindungen mit dem Iodosobenzol (II) bekannt.
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANYLIRON COMPLEXES OF THE TYPE CP(PH2P(CH2)NPPH2)FER
Authors: LEHMKUHL H. , MEHLER G.
Published: May 2016

R. ‐ Die Darstellung der Halogeno‐cyclopentadienyl‐bis‐[phosphin]‐Fe‐Komplexe (III) erfolgt wie aufgezeichnet; als Nebenprodukt entsteht stets Ferrocen (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: METAL‐PROMOTED FUSION AND LINKAGE OF B5H8‐, 1‐XB5H7‐ (X = D, CH3), B10H13‐, AND (η5‐C5H5)COB4H7‐. FACILE ROUTES TO B10H14 AND (η5‐C5H5)2CO2B8H10 ISOMERS
Authors: BREWER C. T. , GRIMES R. N.
Published: May 2016

Die oxidative Kupplung und Käfigverknüpfung von Boranen wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: RING OPENING OR REDOX REACTIONS ON TREATING (M(CO)3(PH2PCH2PPH2‐PP′)(PH2PCH2PPH2‐P)) (M = CR, MO OR W) WITH CU(I), AG(I), AU(I) OR HG(II) COMPLEXES: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF ((OC)2W(μ‐PH2PCH2PPH2)2(μ‐CL)(μ‐CO)CU)
Authors: BLAGG A. , HUTTON A. T. , SHAW B. L. , THORNTON‐PETT M.
Published: May 2016

Die Umsetzung der r‐ner‐ Komplexe (I) mit Cu(I)‐halogeniden führt unter Öffnung des Chelatringes zu den heterobimetallischen Produkten (II), deren Struktur durch eine Röntgenstrukturanalyse des W‐Komplexes (RG P21/c, Z=4) ermittelt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: TETRAKIS(1‐METHYLIMIDAZOLINE‐2(3H)‐THIONE)‐μ2‐(1‐METHYLIMIDAZOLINE‐2(3H)‐THI# ONE)DICOPPER(I) SULFATE TRIHYDRATE: PREPARATION, THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE
Authors: ATKINSON E. R. , RAPER E. S. , GARDINER D. J. , DAWES H. M. , WALKER N. P. C. , JACKSON A. R. W.
Published: May 2016

Die lz4‐molare Umsetzung von Cu(II)‐sulfatpentahydrat mit dem Titelliganden in siedendem wäßrigen Aceton ergibt den als Trihydrat isolierten Titelkomplex (l).
ChemInform Abstract: Influence of Additives on Suppression of Racemization in Peptide Synthesis. Part 4. The Use of Additives for Suppression of Racemization in Peptide Synthesis by the Method of Mixed Anhydrides.
Authors: PRZYBYLSKI J. , SOKOLOWSKA B.
Published: May 2016

Anhand des Anderson‐Tests [Darstellung des Peptides (l)] wird die Wirkung verschiedener Zusätze auf die Unterdrückung der Racemisierung bei der Peptid‐Kondensation nach der Mischanhydrid‐Methode untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: NATURAL PEPTIDES AND THEIR ANALOGS. XXXIV. STUDY OF ROUTES OF SYNTHESIS OF DELTA PEPTIDE AND ITS STRUCTURAL ANALOGS
Authors: RYABTSEV M. N. , FUNTOVA S. M. , ZUYANOVA T. I. , SHVACHKIN YU. P.
Published: May 2016

Zur Synthese des Delta‐Peptids (I) (Delta‐sleep‐inducing peptide, DSlP) und seiner Phenylalanin‐ und Tyronin‐ Analoga (II) bzw. (III) werden zwei Synthesewege vorgestellt: Ein Festphasenverfahren an einem Chlor‐methylierten Styrol‐Divinylbenzol‐Copolymeren unter Verwendung von DCC als Kondensationsmittel sowie ein Lösungsmittelverfahren, das für die Herstellung von (I) überlegen ist.
ChemInform Abstract: A SIMPLE METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF DIPHENYLMETHYL ESTERS OF N‐PROTECTED AMINO ACIDS
Authors: LAPATSANIS L. , MILIAS G. , PARASKEWAS S.
Published: May 2016

Die N‐geschützten Aminosäuren (I) werden durch Benzophenonhydrazon (II) mit Phenyliod(III)‐diacetat (III) als Oxidationsmittel in die Diphenylmethylester (IV) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: THE SYNTHESIS OF LEUKOTRIENE ANALOGS VIA ACETYLENE CARBOCUPRATION
Authors: FURBER M. , TAYLOR R. J. K. , BURFORD S. C.
Published: May 2016

Die Herstellung des Alkohols (II) aus Acetylen/n‐Pentanal und verschiedenen Organocupraten wird als Modellreaktion für die Synthese von Leukotrien‐Analoga untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: PHEROMONES. 48. A NEW SYNTHESIS OF (N,N+3)‐ALKADIENES
Authors: BESTMANN H. J. , DOETZER R. + , MANERO‐ALVAREZ J.
Published: May 2016

Die Pheromone (VI) werden synthetisiert.