bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scintillometric Length of Uterus during Adolescence
Authors: ODEBLAD ERIK , BERGSTRAND CARL GUSTAF
Published: January 2008

The size of the uterus was determined with the method of scintillometry in adolescent girls. The correlation between age and uterine size showed large variations. The correlation between other signs of estrogenic activity and uterine size showed better correlation. A relation between time after menarche and uterine size is also presented. A comparison is made between the rectal and vaginal routes of scintillometry of the uterus. The diagrams are available as a normal reference in clinical applications.

La longueur scintillométrique de ľutérus pendant ľadolescence.

Ľauteur a procédéà des déterminations des dimensions de ľuterus par la methode scintillometrique chez des adolescentes. II est apparu qu'il n'existe pour ainsi dire aucune relation entre ľâge des intéressées et les dimensions de ľutérus. D'autre part, il semble qu'il existe une certaine corrélation entre les autres signes de ľactivitéœestrogène et les dimensions de ľutérus. De même, il semble qu'il y ait également une corrélation entre les dimensions de ľutérus et le temps qui s'est écoulé de depuis la pubertyé. L'auteur établit ensuite une comparaison entre la scintillométrie de ľuteŕus par voie vaginale et par voie rectale. Les diagrammes peuvent servir de réferAence pour les applications cliniques de cette methode.

Scintillometrische Langenmessung am jugendlichen Uterus.

Die Grösse des Uterus wurde bei heranwachsenden Mädchen mit Hilfe der scintillometrischen Methode bestimmt. Die Wechselbeziehung zwischen Alter und Uterusgrosse wies grösse Schwankungen auf. Die Wechselbeziehung zwischen anderen Zeichen von östrogener Tätigkeit und Uterusgrösse war mehr einheitlich. Eine Bezie‐hung zwischen der Zeitspanne seit der Menarche und der Uterusgrösse ist auch aufgezeigt. Die rektale Route für die Scintillometrie des Uterus wird mit der vaginalen verglichen. Die Diagramme werden fur normale Bezugnahme zur Anwendung in der Klinik dargeboten.

Crecimiento centelleante del útero durante la adolescencia.

Determinación del tamaño del útero en mocitas adolescentes, por el método de la centelleometría. La correlación entre la edad y el tamaño del útero, presenta variaciones considerables. La correlación entre otros síntomas de actividad estrógena y el tamafio uteriño, es mejor. Además, consideración de la relación entre la época post‐menaarquica y el tamaño uterino. Comparación de las rutas rectal y vaginal de la centelleometría uterina. Se dispone de los diagramas a título de referencia normal para aplicaciones clinicas.
Die Bedeutung der Streptokokkeninfektion für die immuno‐logische Reaktivitat des Makroorganismus1
Authors: ZAVÁZAL VLADIMIR , BOŘIKOVÁ EVA , WEIDENHOFER JOSEF , LAVIČKA JOSEF
Published: January 2008

Die Autoren haben die immunologische Reaktivität in der Rekonvaleszenz der behandelten und unbehandelten Streptokokkeninfektion untersucht und mit der Reaktivität der Kontrollpersonen verglichen. In der Rekonvaleszenz der unbehandelten Streptokokkeninfektion haben sie eine signifikante Hyperreaktivität gefunden, während in der Gruppe der mit Penicillin behandelten Streptokokkeninfektion die Werte der Reaktivität normal waren.

The significance of streptococcal infection for the immunological reactivity of the macro‐organism.

The authors have examined the immunological reactivity of convalescents after treated and untreated streptococcal infections respectively, and compared it with the reactivity of control persons. They found a significant hyperreactivity in convalescents after untreated streptococcal infection, while the group of persons whose streptococcal infections had been treated with penicillin, showed normal reactivity values.

La signification de ľinfection streptococcique pour la réactivité immunologique du macro‐organisme.

Les auteurs se sont livrés à une étude comparative de la réactivité immunologique chez des convalescents relevant ?une infection streptococcique traitee ou non traitée, par rapport à la réactivité observée chez des sujets‐témoins normaux. lis ont constate que les convalescents dont ľinfection streptococcique n'avait fait ľobjet ?aucun traite‐ment présentaient une hyperéactivité marquée, alors que ceux qui avaient été traites par la pénicilline, présentaient une réactivite normale.

Importancia de la infección estreptocócica en relación con la reactividad immunológica del macroorganismo.

Los autores han investigado la reactividad inmunológica en la convalecencia de infecciones estreptocócicas tratadas y no tratadas, compareándola con la reactividad de sujetos control. En la convalecencia de las infecciones estreptocócicas no tratadas han observado una hiperreactividad significativa, mientras que en el grupo de infecciones estreptocócicas tratadas con penicilina los valores de la reactividad eran normales.
Use of Analysis in Mechanics of Breathing in Provocation Test in Bronchial Asthma1
Authors: ENGSTRÖM INGA , KARLBERG PETTER , KOCH GÜNTER , KRAEPELIEN SVEN
Published: January 2008

A study of the mechanics of breathing during provocation tests in cases of bronchial asthma enhances the possibilities of demonstrating manifest allergies.

Avantage de ľétude de la mécanique respiratoire, au cours du teat de«provocation», chez les asthmatiques.

L'étude de la mécanique respiratoire au cours des épreuves de « provocation », chez des asthmatiques, permet de mieux préciser ľorigine allergique spécifique, des phénomenes pulmonaires.

Nutzen der Analyse der Atemmechanik uäahrend des Provokationsversuchs bei Bronchial‐asthma.

Das Studium der Atemmechanik während eines Provokationsversuchs in Fällen von Bronchialasthma gibt grössere Möglichkeiten zum Nachweis einer manifesten Allergie.

Las ventajas del estudio de la mecánica respiratoria durante'las pruebas de provocación en los asmáticos.

El estudio de la mecánica respiratoria durante las pruebas de provocación en casos de asma bronquial aumenta las posibilidades de demostración de las alergias manifiestas.
Mysoline and Meprobamat in Cerebral Palsy
Authors: PLUM P. , SPARUP K.
Published: January 2008

1. Mysoline was employed tentatively in 46 cases of cerebral palsy in doses of about 5 mg per kg per 24 hours. In cases of athetosis, particularly, a favourable effect was observed in the involuntary movements and the increased muscular tone. The tolerance for Mysoline is less in children with cerebral palsy than in epileptics.

2. Meprobamat was employed in 33 cases of cerebral palsy. A moderately favourable effect was seen in a number of the cases of spastic paralysis but not, however, in cases of athetosis.

La mysoline et le méprobamate dans la paralysie cérébrate.

On essaya la mysoline (5mg/kg toutes les 24 heures) dans 46 cas de paralysie cérébrale. Dans les cas ?athétose en particulier, on remarqua un effet favorable sur les mouvements involontaires et une augmentation du tonus musculaire. La mysoline est mieux tolérée par les épileptiques que par les enfants atteints de paralysie cérébrale. Le méprobamate fut employe dans 33 cas de paralysie cerebrale. On nota un effet mediocrement favorable dans un certain nombre de cas de paralysie spasmodique, mais la drogue fut sans effet pour les cas ?athétose.

Mysolin und Meprobamat in zerebraler Lähmung.

Mysolin wurde versuchsweise bei 46 Faullen von zerebraler Lähmung in Gaben von ungefähr 5 mg kg in 24 Stunden angewendet. Ein günstiger Einfluss auf die unwill‐kürlichen Bewegungen und den erhöhten Muskeltonus wurde besonders bei Athetose beobachtet. Die Vétraglichkeit für Mysolin ist bei Kindern mit zerebraler Lähmung geringer als bei Epileptikern. Meprobamat wurde in 33 Fällen von zerebraler Lähmung zur Anwendung gebracht. Eine massig günstige Wirkung wurde bei einer Anzahl von Fällen mit spastischer Paralyse beobachtet, aber gar kein Einfluss bei der Athetose.

La misolina y el meprobamato en la parálisis cerebral.

Se ensaya la misolina, en dosis de aprox. 5 mg por kg por 24 horas, en 46 casos de parálisis cerebral. En los casos de atetosis, especialmente, se observan efectos favorables en los movimientos involuntarios y el incremento del tono muscular. Los niños con parálisis cerebral, presentan menos tolerancia la misolina que los epilépticos. El meprobamato fué empleado en 33 casos de parálisis cerebral. Se observaron efectos modera‐damente favorables en cierto número de casos de páralisis espástica, mientras que en los casos de atetosis, resultaba sin efecto.
Treatment of Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura in Childhood
Authors: BERGLUND GUNILLA , BROBERGER OVE
Published: January 2008

Summary

A series of 28 children with ITP treated during 1951–1958 is presented. Some mild cases required no treatment in any form, but most of the cases were treated with steroids, to which some responded with complete remission. The patients not responding to steroid therapy underwent splenectomy with a good result, except in one who responded to a renewed steroid therapy. No relapses, complications or deaths occurred in this group of patients
Evaluation of the Recovery of Staph, aur. pyogenes from the Faeces of Children.
Authors: LAURELL G. , PHILIPSON L. , GYLLENSWlRD A.
Published: January 2008

Summary

A series of children with and without diarrhoea from whose faeces Staph, aur. pyogenes had been recovered on some occasion was studied. Samples were taken before and after treatment with antibiotics of the tetracycline type, and, in untreated cases, at regular intervals during their stay in hospital. Phage‐typing of the staphylococci was performed to some extent.

The results indicate that most children with staphylococci in the faeces had on admission a sensitive strain, which after treatment was replaced by a resistant strain the phage‐pattern of which differed from that of the original strain in some cases. In some of the children not treated, the strains of staphylococci also changed after a certain period in hospital. Representative cases to illustrate these phenomena are described.

Further, a minor epidemic of enteritis, probably staphylococcal in origin, is described, and also a case of severe enteritis, which may have been caused by staphylococci after suppression of the gastro‐intestinal flora by neomycin.
C‐reactive Protein in Human Colostrum
Authors: NORDBRING FOLKE , PHILIPSON LENNART
Published: January 2008

Summary

C‐reactive protein (CRP) was determined in colostrum and milk samples from 12 mothers with positive reactions in their sera. CRP could not be demonstrated in any of 63 colostrum or milk specimens, and a transfer of CRP from mother to child by ingestion of colostrum or milk thus is unlikely. This supports the opinion that the infant is capable of producing CRP in early life.
Treatment of the Obese Child
Authors: WALLGREN ARVID
Published: January 2008

Summary

Obesity in children is often accompanied with psychic disorders and signs of family‐social maladjustments. Such psychic health hazards may occasionally constitute a primary factor in the production of obesity. Usually it is secondarily produced by various psychogenic influences and mechanisms causing conflicts and tension in the family‐child relationship, such as lack of sufficient understanding, ill‐treatment of the child's corporal handicap or rash attempts to reduce the weight without the joint effort of the child. In view of the fact that obesity rarely constitutes a serious physical health hazard for the child, it would seem more appropriate to omit any strictly regulated reducing diet. Treatment should primarily concern the obese child and not solely its obesity.
Some Physical Measurements (Weight, Length, Head Circumference and Chest Circumference) in Healthy Swedish Children in the First Two Years of Life1
Authors: KARLBERG PETTER , PERMAN ALICE
Published: January 2008

Summary

Weight (naked), recumbent length, head circumference and chest circumference have been measured in 1361 healthy Swedish children (701 boys and 660 girls) within the age range of 1 to 24 months. The children were born in the period 1948–1951 and their parents came from both urban and rural populations and lived in modern areas of Stockholm.

Means and standard deviations of the four body measurements are given for different ages. With the material grouped according to age there are significant systematical sex differences, hence the means and the Standard deviations are given separately for boys and girls. When grouped in length classes, the weight, head circumference and chest circumference show less marked sex differences, so means and standard deviations are given together for boys and girls.

A graphical comparison with some earlier investigations in Sweden and other countries is presented.

Our data indicate that in clinically evaluating the growth of a child, the length should be correlated to age, and the weight correlated to length. Head circumference and chest circumference should also be correlated to another body measurement.

We are grateful to Miss Zita Olsson, R.N., who performed the measurements faithfully during the two periods of study. Our thanks are also due to the nurses of the welfare clinic whose co‐operation was invaluable.
Congenital Obstructive Emphysema in Infants
Authors: EIKEN M.
Published: January 2008

Three cases of congenital emphysema in infants are reported. All had clinical signs from birth and were treated by operation a t the age of 2 ½ years, 5 ½ months, and 4 days respectively. Likely causes of the emphysema, in the form of narrowing of the respective bronchi, were found in only two of the patients, one of whom was also suffering from hypoplastic achondroplasia.

Aetiology, clinical features, and differential diagnosis are discussed, and the importance of early diagnosis and treatment is stressed.

Obstructive emphysema of congenital origin has to be considered as a differential diagnostic possibility, when an infant shows signs of respiratory disorder, consisting in dyspnoea, cough, and possibly cyanosis during the first months of life. The diagnosis is based primarily upon the radiographic changes in conjunction with the history and clinical course.

As a rule, the course is chronic. In most cases the treatment is surgical, viz. resection of the emnhvsematous segments.
The Incidence of Head Injuries in Children
Authors: MELCHIOR JOHANNES C.
Published: January 2008

In 1190 Children consecutively admitted to hospital, inquiries were made concerning head injury and information on the subject was obtained in 1134. In the entire material, 16 per cent replied in the affirmative and no difference in the incidence between boys and girls was observed. In patients admitted on account of neurological or severe psychiatric conditions the incidence was significantly greater, viz 28 per cent as compared with 12 per cent in the group of patients without neurological or psychiatric conditions.
The Influence of Birth on the Weights of the Left and Right Cardiac Ventricles in Prematurely Born Infants
Authors: MITHAL AVINASH , EMERY JOHN L.
Published: January 2008

The mean ventricular weights of prematurely born infants who had lived for five or more days were compared with the mean ventricular weights of stillborns of equal crown rump lengths. The left ventricular weights suggest that there has already been some hypertrophy over that which would have occurred in utero. The right ventricle growth continued a t the same rate as would have occurred had the child remained in vitero.
The Iron and Copper Concentration of the Liver in Intrauterine Life and in Haemolytic Disease
Authors: EMERY JOHN L. , HILTON DOROTHY J.
Published: January 2008

A study of the iron and copper concentration of livers from 75 apparently normal stillborns and 11 infants dying with haemolytic disease, show that in normal circumstances there is no increase in the iron and copper concentration with increasing intrauterine maturity.

There is no difference between the concentration of copper in the left and right lobes but there is a significant difference in the amount of iron, the left containing more than the right.

In children with haemolytic disease there is a gross increase in the iron concentration of the liver and this is more marked in the right than in the left lobe. In children with Rh disease there is possibly some diminution in the copper concentration of the liver in those cases that survive to full term.
Subperiosteal Haemorrhage in Haemophilia A and B
Authors: CREVELD S. Van , KINGMA M. J.
Published: January 2008

Description of two cases of extensive subperiosteal haematoma of the heel in a patient with haemophilia A and in a patient with haemophilia B. These haematomata gave rise to extensive destruction of the calcaneus. Discussion of the means by which recovery was obtained.

We are grateful to Dr. H. A. E. Fermin and his staff from the Roentgenological Department of the Binnen Gasthuis for the preparation of the X‐ray films.
Serum‐total and L (+)‐Tartaric‐acid‐inhibited Acid‐phosphatase Activity in Various Diseases in Childhood1
Authors: LARON ZVI , KOWADLO AVIVAH
Published: January 2008

Serum‐total acid phosphatase (TAP) and L(+)—tartaric‐acid‐inhibited acid‐phosphatase (TIAP) activities have been determined in 95 and 55 children respectively, suffering from a variety of diseases. It was found that in a certain number of children with rheumatic fever, diseases of the liver, lungs, kidneys and bones the variations in total‐serum acid phosphatase were considerably greater than in normal children. The activity of TIAP was significantly increased in rheumatic fever.
Discussion on the Advisability of Performing Exchange Transfusion in Neonatal Jaundice of Unknown Aetiology1
Authors: TROLLE DYRE
Published: January 2008

In a study of 1000 newborns jaundice of unknown aetiology was a common finding during the first week of life. In these children the bilirubin values were as follows:

≤10 mg%in 26%of full‐term 62%of premature

≤20 mg%in 6%of full‐term 11%of premature

It is known from the the literature that there is a causal relationship between severe jaundice occurring in the first week of life and the subsequent development of athetosis. By carrying out exchange transfusion on children with a serum bilirubin value of ≤20%, and comparing the number with frequency of athetosis reported in the literature, it is shown that the following will be exchange transfused:

(a) 2140 full‐term babies in order to prevent subsequent atheticsis in one, but one runs the risk of 21 dying as a result of the procedure itself.

(b)92 premature infants to prevent subsequent athetosis in one, but one runs the risk of 4 dying as a result of the procedure.

The limit of 20 mg%is thus not appropriate. Through systematic investigations must be found better criteria for exchange transusing new born with jaundice of unknown aetiology.

As opposed to this, the criteria for exchange transfusing Rhesus sensitised children are satisfactory. Admittedly it is unnecessary in the case of 44 out of every 100 children but, on the other hand, 56 will be saved from death or kernicterus, with the risk of death due to the procedure in only one case.
Nasal Eosinophilia in So‐called Bacterial Hypersensitivity in Asthmatic Children Preliminary Report
Authors: AAS KJELL
Published: January 2008

A preliminary report is given of some studies concerning bacterial vaccines in asthmatic children. A method is introduced in which nasal eosinophilia is studied in connection with local applications of bacterial vaccines and controls. A repro‐ducable positive response is found in three patients of a selected group suffering from presumed “bacterial allergy”. In two of these patients focal asthmatic reactions are observed following the injection of minute doses of the vaccine in question. The method is briefly discussed.
Precipitating Antibodies in Human Sera from Different Age Groups and in Colostrum as Determined by Streptococcal Antigens with Diffusion‐in‐Gel Methods
Authors: HANSON LARS Å. , HOLM STIG E.
Published: January 2008

The development of the immune globulins was studied by means of the determination of precipitating antibodies against β‐hemolytic streptococci in sera from different age groups—fetal, newborn, child and adult. The analyses were performed with diffusion‐in‐gel methods.

In fetal sera after 18–20 weeks of gestation precipitating antibodies were found, but in a lower number than in the sera from the corresponding mothers. The same number of antibodies were found in the maternal and umbilical cord sera after 21–40 weeks of gestation as well as at parturition. The antistreptolysin O titer was also the same in the sera from the mothers and newborn. From birth till the age of 9–17 months a decreasing number of antibodies was seen. From this age a slow increase was noted and the level which was found i the adult material was approached in the age group of 13–16 years. The same immune electrophoretic characteristics was demonstrated for the antibodies in the different groups of sera as in colostrum.

Finally a positive correlation was found between the number of precipitating antibodies and the antistreptolysin O titers.
Congenital Obstructive Emphysema in Infants
Authors: EIKEN M.
Published: January 2008

Three cases of congenital emphysema in infants are reported. All had clinical signs from birth and were treated by operation at the age of 21/2 years, 51/2 months, and 4 days respectively. Likely causes of the emphysema, in the form of narrowing of the respective bronchi, were found in only two of the patients, one of whom was also suffering from hypoplastic achondroplasia.

Aetiology, clinical features, and differential diagnosis are discussed, and the importance of early diagnosis and treatment is stressed.

Obstructive emphysema of congenital origin has to be considered as a differential diagnostic possibility, when an infant shows signs of respiratory disorder, consisting in dyspnoea, cough, and possibly cyanosis during the first months of life.

The diagnosis is based primarily upon the radiographic changes in conjunction with the history and clinical course.

As a rule, the course is chronic. In most cases the treatment is surgical, viz. resection of the emphysematous segments.
The Vitamin B1, B2 and C Content in Urine of Premature and Fullterm Newborn Infants
Authors: DAHL M. , MARKKANEN T. , VANHA‐PERTTULA T.
Published: January 2008

The daily excretion of vitamins B1, B2 and C was studied in 24 newborn full‐term infants during the three first days of life, and in 15 premature infants on three successive days of treatment. No correlation was observed between the mothers' state of health during pregnancy, the number of previous births and the presence of certain diseases, with the daily excretion of vitamin B1, B2 and C in the urine of newborn full‐term infants.
Sleep Patterns in Infancy A Study of One Idant from Birth to Eight Months of Age
Authors: PARMELEE ARTHUR H.
Published: January 2008

A review and analysis of the sleep and wakefulness patterns of one boy from birth to 35 weeks of age has been presented. This boy's total sleeping time decreased gradually from 17.8 hours in the first week to 14.3 hours at 35 weeks. The most remarkable changes were in the increase in the duration of the sleep and +waking periods. The average longest sleep period for the first week was 4.4 hours and for the 29th week 11.7 hours. The frequency of wakeful periods dropped from an average of 7.5 in the first week to 4.2 in the 35th week. A diurnal sleep pattern is apparent in the Behavior Day Charts from the sixth week on and very definite after the 12th week. The sleep pattern noted in this case are essentially the same as reported in the literature cited. Essentially, all have noted predominantly a lengthening of single sleep and wakeful periods with maturation in the first year, rather than a marked reduction in the total amount of sleeping time.

Possible neurophysiological explanations for the changes in sleep patterns are discussed.
Polycystic Kidneys in Newborns, Infants and Children A Clinical and Pathological Study
Authors: LUNDIN PER M. , OLOW INGEMAR
Published: January 2008

Twenty‐eight cases of polycystic kidneys in newborn, infants and children have been investigated clinically and histopathologically. Three more or less distinct morphological types of polycystic kidneys are described and in addition single cases of deviating appearance. The clinical and hereditary aspects are discussed. In Group I (spongy kidney) a single gene recessive heredity has been proved.
The Influence of Birth on the Weights of the Left and Right Cardiac Ventricles in Prematurely Born Infants
Authors: MITHAL AVINASH , EMERY JOHN L.
Published: January 2008

The mean ventricular weights of prematurely born infants who had lived for five or more days were compared with the mean ventricular weights of stillborns of equal crown rump lengths. The left ventricular weights suggest that there has already been some hypertrophy over that which would have occurred in vtero. The right ventricle growth continued at the same rate as would have occurred had the child remained in vtero.
The Morphological Development of Pulmonary Arteries During the First Years of Life
Authors: HERZENBERG H. , ESKELUND V.
Published: January 2008

The normal pulmonary arterial vascular bed undergoes a morphological development during infancy. The intrapulmonary arteries at birth have narrow luminae and thick vessel walls, thus resembling the structure of systemic arteries. During the first months of life, there is a progressive change, so that the lumen of the intrapulmonary arteries widens and the thickness of the vessel wall decreases.

After 3–4 months of age, this development takes place more slowly, and after 8 months of life has almost subsided. In regard to the different types of intrapulmonary vessels, the elastic arteries (intrapulmonary arteries of greater size) seem to undergo an earlier development than the muscular arteries (smaller type of intrapulmonary arteries). Corresponding to the progressive vascular change during the first months of life, the hemodynamic behaviour of the pulmonary circulation changes from the high‐resistance circulation of the fetus to the low‐resistance circulation seen in the adult.
Subperiosteal Haemorrhage in Haemophilia A and B
Authors: CREVELD S. van , KINGMA M. J.
Published: January 2008

Description of two cases of extensive subperiosteal haematoma of the heel in a patient with haemophilia A and in a patient with haemophilia B. These haema‐tomata gave rise to extensive destruction of the calcaneus. Discussion of the means by which recovery was obtained.

We are grateful to Dr. H. A. E. Fermin and his staff from the Roentgenological Department of the Binnen Gasthuis for the preparation of the X‐ray films.
Serum‐total and L (+)‐Tartaric‐acid‐inhibited Acid‐phosphatase Activity in Various Diseases in Childhood1
Authors: LARON ZVI , KOWADLO AVIVAH
Published: January 2008

Serum‐total acid phosphatase (TAP) and L(+)‐tartaric‐acid‐inhibited acid‐phosphatase (TIAP) activities have been determined in 95 and 55 children respectively, suffering from a variety of diseases. It was found that in a certain number of children with rheumatic fever, diseases of the liver, lungs, kidneys and bones the variations in total‐serum acid phosphatase were considerably greater than in normal children. The activity of TIAP was significantly increased in rheumatic fever.
Time Intervals in the Electrocardiogram of Healthy Infants
Authors: COLEMAN ERIC N.
Published: January 2008

The standard limb leads of the electrocardiograms of 100 healthy infants were examined. The heart rate and the length of the P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, T wave, ST segment, QT interval and the corrected QT interval (QTc) were measured. The heart rate showed wide variations throughout the period under review but decreased as age advanced. Sinus arrhythmia was encountered only five times but minor differences in the length of cardiac cycles occurred frequently. No other disturbance of rhythm was observed. The P wave, PR interval, QRS complex and T wave lengthened as age increased and, the P wave excepted, as the heart rate slowed. The ST segment tended to shorten both with increasing age and increasing heart rate. The linear association between the length of the QT interval and the heart rate was confirmed. The observed values for the corrected QT interval (QTc) fell within the range, 0.36 to 0.42.
Gamma Globulin against Rubella in Pregnancy: I. Prevention of Maternal Rubella by Gamma Globulin and Convalescent Gamma Globulin: a Follow‐Up Study
Authors: LUNDSTRÖM ROLF , THORÉN CLAES , BLOMQUIST BERNT
Published: January 2008

In the present investigation, 251 women —who in 1956 had been exposed to rubella in the first 4 months of pregnancy—were given 4 ml of convalescent gamma globulin. An account is given of a follow‐up study, with examination of their children at 2–3 years of age. All but 5 cases were traced. Despite treatment; six women contracted rubella, i.e., an attack rate of 2.4%. Three of these six women aborted, and one had a child with malformations of the rubella syndrome type.

Two of the 245 women showing no signs of manifest rubella had children with defects that might be ascribed to inapparent maternal rubella.

Another 28 pregnant women were given 24 ml of ordinary pooled gamma globulin. None contracted rubella, two had spontaneous abortions, and one gave birth to a child with mongolism.

The present investigation indicates that convalescent gamma globulin and ordinary gamma globulin have a protective effect against rubella.

The following dosage is recommended for future use in pregnant women exposed to rubella. Rubella convalescent gamma globulin (12%), 12 ml i.m. as soon as possible after exposure; when this is not available, pooled gamma globulin (12%), 24 ml i.m.
Acute Respiratory Illness and Gastroenteritis in Association with Adenovirus Type 7 Infections1
Authors: STERNER GÖRAN , GERZÉN PER , OHLSON MARIANNE , SVARTZ‐MALMBERG GUNVOR
Published: January 2008

During an epidemic in Stockholm in the autumn of 1959 adenovirus type 7 was isolated from 99 hospitalized children. There was serological evidence of acute gdenovirus infection in 75 cases. The virus strains could not be referred to types 7 or 7A according to the scheme of Rowe et al., since no definite differences between the prototypes for these strains could be demonstrated by cross‐neutralization tests. In addition to the symptoms of acute respiratory illness observed previously in such infections, many of the patients exhibited symptoms of gastroenteritis, for which no other cause could be established.
The Bacterial Flora of the Upper Respiratory Tract and Gut in Children of Nomad Lapps1
Authors: LAURELL GUNNAR , MELLBIN TORE
Published: January 2008

The incidence of bacteria in the respiratory passages and gut of Lapp children attending the six nomad schools in the County of Norrbotten, Sweden, was investigated during autumn 1957 and autumn 1958.

The incidence of Staph. pyogenes, possibly to some extent originating from domestic animals, was high, particularly on the arrival of the children at the schools. This was also true of fungi. The Staphylococci were highly sensitive to most of the antibiotics against which they were tested.

The antistaphylolysin titres (ASta) were almost always within normal limits, only 0.9% of the children showing titres over 2.8 U.

β‐haemolytic Streptococci were present in more of the children after 7 weeks at school than at the beginning of term. This would indicate cross‐infection.

The antistreptolysin titres (AST) were remarkably high, 26% of the children showing values exceeding 400 U.

The incidence of Pneumococci and H. influenme varied greatly from one school to another.

The overall incidence of bacteria after 7 weeks at school was higher in the more southerly schools, which might be due to infection from the sedentary population.

Faeces culture resulted in fairly abundant growth of Staph. pyogenes, and pathogenic E. coli were isolated in eight cases.

A new transport medium was tried. This gave enhanced results with H. influenzae, but less prolific growth of Staph. pyogenes and fungi.
Salmonella Septicemia and Aplastic Crisis in a Patient with Sickle‐Cell Anemia
Authors: MEGAS HERCULES , PAPADAKI EVANGELIA , CONSTANTINIDES BASIL
Published: January 2008

A case of aplastic crisis in a child with sickle‐cell anemia and salmonella typhi‐murum septicemia is reported. Salmonello‐sis appears to be the most frequently proven infectious agent triggering the onset of aplastic crises in these patients. Steroids are of no real value in the management of the aplastic crisis. Their use in patients with sickle‐cell anemia during aplastic episodes may be contraindicated.
Tuberous Sclerosis in a Mother and Her New‐Born Son
Authors: BRORSON L. O. , FREDGA K. , HULTQUIST G. T. , LUNDBERG P. O.
Published: January 2008

Changes typical of tuberous sclerosis were observed in a 28–year‐old woman and her one‐day‐old son. The clinical signs in the woman were skin lesions, epileptic fits, and low intelligence. In the boy the diagnosis was based on postmortem findings, notably changes in the heart and brain. The diagnostic criteria of this disease are discussed. No chromosomal abnormalities were found either in the normal skin nor in the fibroma on the nail‐bed of the mother.
Generalized Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease in a Newborn Infant
Authors: SVENDSEN HARALD MORTEN
Published: January 2008

A case of generalized inclusion body disease in a newborn premature male infant is reported. The diagnosis is based on the clinical picture, the demonstration of typical cells in a biopsy from the parotid gland, and a positive antibody titer against salivary gland virus. This is the first patient from Scandinavia in whom the diagnosis has been made intra vitam and who has survived, although with cerebral damage. Several diagnostic features are discussed. Early treatment with corticosteroids is recommended.
Intraspinal Dermoid Cysts in Children Survey of Literature and Own Cases
Authors: PETTERSSON GUSTAF , WERKMÄSTER KERSTIN
Published: January 2008

Report of two cases of successfully operated intraspinal dermoid cysts.
Quantitative Bacteriological Examination of Urine in Children with Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: LYSTAD ARVE , GARDBORG ODD
Published: January 2008

Quantitative bacteriological examinations have been carried out in 287 urine specimens from 74 girls and 44 boys with urinary tract infection (17 girls and 21 boys below the age of 3 years and 57 girls and 23 boys between 3 and 12 years of age). Clean voided specimens were consistently taken from the boys. Partly clean voided, partly catheterized specimens were taken from the girls. Gram‐stained smears from the urine specimens were also examined in the microscope.

The investigations show a good correlation between quantitative bacteriological results and clinical findings. The lower limit of 100,000 bacteria per ml from fresh samples of bladder urine as an indication of infection seems to be correct. There is good agreement between the results of the quantitative bacteriological examinations and direct microscopic examination of gram‐stained smears of the uncentrifuged urine. This supports the use of direct microscopy in diagnosis of urinary tract infections.

In 50 double specimens from 49 girls without infection (the norm), and in 35 double specimens from 33 girls with urinary tract infection a correspondence was found between clean voided and catheter specimens in about 82% of the cases. It may be concluded that clean voided specimens taken lege artis and followed up by quantitative bacteriological examination should yield a reliable diagnostic method. The quantitative method can be used to distinguish between infection and contamination.

The investigations indicate a strong tendency for microbes to develop resistance during treatment with chemotherapeutic agents or antibiotics. This emphasizes the importance of repeated bacteriological examinations of patients with urinary tract infection.

The importance of obstruction as an etiological factor in urinary tract infection in children is supported.
Generalized BCG Infection with Fatal Course in an Infant
Authors: GARDBORG ODD , IVERSEN OLAV H. , TORHEIM BERGLJOT J. , HESSELBERG IVAR
Published: January 2008

A fatal case of generalized BCG infection following vaccination is reported. The patient, a girl BCG‐vaccinated at the age of six weeks, developed septic fever and leucocytosis at 5 1/2 months of age and died at 7 months of age in a poor condition with extensive edemas, icterus and severe attacks of general convulsions.

Autopsy revealed disseminated tuberculosis. The histological picture showed little tendency to tuberculoid structure, marked caseous necrosis and myriads of acid‐fast bacilli in the affected areas. By bacteriological examination the acid‐fast bacilli were indistinguishable from BCG.

Increased virulence or other changes in the BCG vaccine which might explain the fatal complication has not been found.

Two of the patient's three siblings had previously shown definite signs of reduced resistance to infection, and both died at an early age from infections. Adding this to the patient's case history, one feels justified in concluding that a familial resistance impairment to infection is present. The cause of this deficiency is discussed.

There are at present five known cases of fatal BCG infection following vaccination in Scandinavia, and the number of persons vaccinated is estimated to be between 6 and 7 millions. The probable incidence of fatal complications can thus be put at less than one case per million vaccinated.

As the protective effect of BCG vaccination is beyond doubt and the serious complications extremely rare, there seems to be no ground at present for objecting to continued BCG vaccination.
On Relationship between Maternal Conditions during Pregnancy and Congenital Malformations
Authors: HEDBERG E. , HOLMDAHL K. , PEHRSON S. , ZACKRISSON U.
Published: January 2008

The relationship between maternal health during pregnancy and defects in the foetus was studied. A prospective method of study was used including about 15,000 pregnant women. A preliminary report of the first 3000 cases is given. The incidence of malformations was 2.3 %. Abnormalities of the musculoskeletal system were predominant. No relationship between maternal age or parity and foetal malformations was found. Mothers of malformed children gave a history of previous abortions about twice as often as controls. No relationship between sex and abnormality could be shown. There was a considerably higher rate of perinatal mortality and prematurity among malformed infants than among controls. The mothers of malformed infants had a higher morbidity prior to the actual pregnancy than the controls. No relationship could be demonstrated between various disorders during pregnancy and the occurrence of malformations in the child. The present series is too small to give reliable information about the importance of any single factor in the aetiology of congenital malformations. The investigation has clearly shown the advantages of prospective study.
Endogenous Formation of Carbon Monoxide in Newborn Infants1
Authors: BJURE J. , FÄLLSTRÖM S. P.
Published: January 2008

The COHb concentration has been determined in 35 normal non‐icteric newborn infants and in 29 infants with icterus of unknown origin. It is stated that the COHb concentration in blood well reflects the degree of red cell destruction. The results indicate that there is an increased haemoglobin catabolism during the newborn period and that increased degradation of haemoglobin contributes to the neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia in cases without known haemolytic disease.
Family Background and State of Mental Health in a Group of Diabetic Schoolchildren
Authors: STERKY GÖRAN
Published: January 2008

In a material of 145 diabetic and 126 matched non‐diabetic schoolchildren aged 7–20 years, the social and family structure was investigated. Family history of mental disturbances and actual mental symptoms of the children were obtained by interviews with the mothers. A diagnosis of the mental health of the children and their mothers was arrived at by clinical judgement. Roughly half the diabetic series was treated more strictly and intensely than the other.

The diabetic group had a significantly increased frequency of mentally disturbed mothers who mostly displayed various anxiety symptoms.

The frequency of children without reported mental symptoms was the same in the two groups. On examination mentally undisturbed cases were found as often in the diabetic as in the non‐diabetic group. The diabetics, especially the older ones, showed somewhat more symptoms per case. The most common symptoms among the diabetics were emotional lability and difficulties with companions.

School achievements were evenly performed by the two groups and uninfluenced by the age at onset of diabetes.

Diabetic children with pathological mental findings had a significantly increased frequency of mentally disturbed mothers. Cases of “poor” diabetic control were found to have mental symptoms more often than those of “fair” control. In the strictly treated diabetic group there was no increase in problems of adjustment, neither as regards the mothers nor the children.

In order to avoid anxiety reactions, the need of careful instruction of both parents and children is emphasized.
Plasma Erythropoietin Levels in Cord Blood and in Blood During the First Weeks of Life1
Authors: HALVORSEN S.
Published: January 2008

Plasma erythropoietin levels have been studied in cord blood from normal and erythroblastotic infants, and in blood from normal and hypoxic infants during the first weeks of life. The erythropoietins are slightly elevated in cord plasma from normal infants, and markedly elevated in plasma from severely anemic infants. No erythropoietin is detectable in plasma from normal infants during the first weeks of life while hypoxic infants have elevated plasma erythropoietin levels. It is concluded that the vital regulatory mechanism of erythropoiesis through erythropoietins is intact in the last part of intrauterine life and in the neonatal period. The present findings are another confirmation of the concept that the postnatal fall in erythropoiesis is due to an improvement of oxygenation following birth.
Fetal and Postnatal Development of the Intrarenal Arterial Pattern in Man
Authors: LJUNGQVIST ARNE
Published: January 2008

The development of the intrarenal arterial pattern in man has been studied by parallel micro‐angiographic and histologic examinations on 104 kidneys obtained from 64 autopsy subjects, ranging in age from the fourth fetal month to the twentieth year of life. Various stages of development of the glomerular capillary tuft were noted, but the most primitive ones were no longer observed after the first week of life.

In the fourth fetal month well‐developed arteriole‐glomerular units were found in the juxtamedullary zone and the pelvic connective tissue. These subsequently gave off postglomerular vessels to the medulla. From the end of the fourth fetal month a cortico‐medullary vascular pattern was present with arteriolae rectae leading to the medulla and a cortical arrangement of the glomeruli. Postglomerular vessels in the cortex did not appear until after the eighth fetal month, andup to that time the lobar circulation is therefore probably medullary.

Glomeruli in the pelvic and periarcuate connective tissue began to degenerate during the seventh fetal month, with the formation of so‐called arteriolae rectae verae to the medulla through canalization of the glomerular scars. These scars were gradually incorporated into the connective tissue and became istologically unidentifiable.

seventh year of life juxtamedullary glomeruli outside the periarcuate connective tissue began to degenerate with the formation of arteriolae rectae verae. Vessels to the renal pelvis were given off by pelvic arteriole‐glomerular units.

ninth fetal month there was evidence of congenital glomeruloscierosis ‐that is, sclerosis of scattered cortical glomeruli with atrophy of the whole arteriole‐glomerular unit.
Studies on Human Lactation
Authors: KARMARKAR M. G. , RAJALAKSHMF R. , RAMAKRISHNAN C. V.
Published: January 2008

Longitudinal studies were carried out in subjects of poor nutritional status on changes in the fat, protein, and essential amino‐acid composition and 24‐hour yield of milk following dietary supplementation. The supplementation was carried out with regard to fat and protein, singly and in combination, and with and without added vitamins. The results obtained were compared with those of an isocaloric group supplemented with equivalent amounts of carbohydrate.

The supplementation studies showed that fat and protein contents of milk increase to a ceiling level with the dose supplemented till dietary levels of 50–55 g are reached in regard to either. The increase in protein content was found to be associated with a general increase in essential amino‐acids, the same being significant with regard to histidine, methionine, and tryptophan.
Congenital Choanal Atresia
Authors: DIAMANT H. , KINNMAN J.
Published: January 2008

Congenital atresia of the choanae, which form the communication between the nose and the pharynx, is an uncommon, though not extremely rare, anomaly. The first clinically diagnosed and treated case of choanal atresia was reported by Emmert in 1853 [8]. A classic description of bilateral choanal atresia was given by Ronaldson in 1880 [17]. In 1945 Durward et al. [7] compiled some 400 cases in a report containing 350 references. Although in the last 10–15 years choanal atresia has received increasing attention, the nasal passages of newborns are not routinely examined and unless marked symptoms of respiratory obstruction are present, early diagnosis of atresia may well be overlooked.
The Syndrome of Familial Atrial Septal Defect, Heart Arrhythmia and Hand Malformation (Holt‐Oram) in Mother and Son
Authors: ZETTERQVIST PER
Published: January 2008

The so‐called atrio‐digital dysplasia or Holt‐Oram syndrome consists of atrial septal defect, a tendency to cardiac arrhythmia and characteristic skeletal malformations, involving particularly the thumbs. It has previously been described in two families and seems to be transmitted as a dominant trait. The present report describes its occurrence in a mother and son, both of whom have been successfully operated upon for the atrial septal defect. The nature of the cardiac arrhythmia and its dependence upon different circumstances are discussed.