bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structuralist or Lesbian? Claude Lévi-Strauss and Monique Wittig on Rousseau's “Science”
Authors: Burton William M.
Published: August 2024

In postwar France a proliferation of thinkers sought to move away from the dialectic of negation and synthesis. Two such writers turned to Jean-Jacques Rousseau as the source of a non-dualistic reflection. In 1962, Claude Lévi-Strauss laid claim to him as the “founder of the sciences of man,” and, inspired in part by his contact with Buddhism, he created a non-dualist version of the philosophe as a foil to Sartre. In 1989, Monique Wittig would also take up Rousseau, but in order to challenge Lévi-Strauss's notion of the exchange of women. In her hands, Rousseau also became a non-dualist through whom she could formalize the insights of gay and lesbian community life as a theory of sex abolition: “the science of the oppressed.” With archival materials, close readings, and historical contextualization, this article explores the genesis and interactions of both interpretations and situates them on the broader horizon of postwar thought.
Thai Habitus in Contemporary Society: Paving the Way for Tackling Inequality
Authors: Thongsawang Sirima , Rehbein Boike , Chantavanich Supang
Published: August 2024

This paper examines the habitus of contemporary Thailand based on the concepts developed by Pierre Bourdieu and their operationalisation to Thai society developed by Boike Rehbein's principles, which explain how contemporary habitus is linked to social inequality and mobilisation participation. Thailand has two key social structures: precapitalist and capitalist. Both create and reproduce different types of habitus. The paper used a mixed-methods research approach to analyse social inequality and challenges in Thailand since 2019. Data collection was conducted during the years between 2021 and 2022 from 400 surveys and fifteen qualitative interviews. The paper proposes eight habitus types rooted in Thai social structures with seven characteristics for explaining contemporary Thai society. The pre-capitalist structure generates the following habitus types: subsistential, traditionalist, and powerful (phuyai). The capitalist structure generates the following types: desperate, individualist, aspirant, and content creator. Between these two structures is the conformist. All habitus types share some characteristics. Authoritarianism is the fundamental trait of the predominant habitus types in Thai society, which are interconnected with social structures, thereby reflecting the consequences of social inequality and mobilisations. The demographic most affected by social inequality is the desperate group, but a more significant habitus for mobilisation participation is that of content creator, which is considerably small now but is likely to increase. Traditionalist and conformist groups are less likely to protest and, to a lesser degree, this is true of the subsistential and powerful types. Moreover, rationales of being affected by social inequality and reacting differently are distinct characteristics of each type, and socio-economic positions interplayed with social media influences.
Estimates of Lake Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Chlorophyll‐a Concentrations to Characterize Harmful Algal Bloom Risk Across the United States
Authors: Brehob Meredith M. , Pennino Michael J. , Handler Amalia M. , Compton Jana E. , Lee Sylvia S. , Sabo Robert D.
Published: August 2024

Excess nutrient pollution contributes to the formation of harmful algal blooms (HABs) that compromise fisheries and recreation and that can directly endanger human and animal health via cyanotoxins. Efforts to quantify the occurrence, drivers, and severity of HABs across large areas is difficult due to the resource intensive nature of field monitoring of lake nutrient and chlorophyll‐a concentrations. To better characterize how nutrients interact with other environmental factors to produce algal blooms in freshwater systems, we used spatially explicit and temporally matched climate, landscape, in‐lake characteristic, and nutrient inventory data sets to predict nutrients and chlorophyll‐a across the conterminous US (CONUS). Using a nested modeling approach, three random forest (RF) models were trained to explain the spatiotemporal variation in total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and chlorophyll‐a concentrations across US EPA's National Lakes Assessment (n = 2,062). Concentrations of TN and TP were the most important predictors and, with other variables, the RF model accounted for 68% of variation in chlorophyll‐a. We then used these RF models to extrapolate lake TN and TP predictions to lakes without nutrient observations and predict chlorophyll‐a for ∼112,000 lakes across the CONUS. Risk for high chlorophyll‐a concentrations is highest in the agriculturally dominated Midwest, but other areas of risk emerge in nutrient pollution hot spots across the country. These catchment and lake‐specific results can help managers identify potential nutrient pollution and chlorophyll‐a hot spots that may fuel blooms, prioritize at‐risk lakes for additional monitoring, and optimize management to protect human health and other environmental end goals.
Duct Effect of Magnetic Dips on the Propagation of EMIC Waves in Jupiter's Magnetosphere With Observations of Juno
Authors: Yuan Zhigang , Zhao Yufeng , Yu Xiongdong , Xue Zuxiang , Deng Dan
Published: August 2024

In recent years, it has been found that magnetic dip caused by diamagnetic motion of injected plasma can provide an appropriate environment for excitation of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves. These findings have been widely reported in the Earth's magnetic environment. However, it has rarely been reported in Jupiter's magnetic environment. This paper reports the characteristics of EMIC waves observed by Juno in the magnetic dip of Jupiter. Multiple‐band EMIC waves are observed in frequency range from 10−3 Hz to several Hz. The theoretical analysis shows that in this event both He+ band and O+ band EMIC waves can be constrained in the magnetic dip, which is consistent with the wave emissions observed inside the magnetic dip. Our result provides the first evidence that EMIC wave can be ducted inside a magnetic dip in Jupiter's magnetosphere.
Increasing Sensitivity of Tree Radial Growth to Precipitation
Authors: Li Tiewei , He Bin , Chen Deliang , Chen Hans W. , Guo Lanlan , Yuan Wenping , Fang Keyan , Shi Feng , Liu Lianyou , Zheng Huan , Huang Ling , Wu Xiuchen , Hao Xingming , Zhao Xiang , Jiang Weiguo
Published: August 2024

The sensitivity of tree growth to precipitation regulates their responses to drought, and is a crucial metric for predicting ecosystem dynamics and vulnerability. Sensitivity may be changing with continuing climate change, yet a comprehensive assessment of its change is still lacking. We utilized tree ring measurements from 3,044 sites, climate data and CO2 concentrations obtained from monitoring stations, combined with dynamic global vegetation models to investigate spatiotemporal changes in the sensitivity over the past century. We observed an increasing sensitivity since around 1950. This increased sensitivity was particularly pronounced in arid biomes due to the combined effect of increased precipitation and elevated CO2. While elevated CO2 reduced the sensitivity of the humid regions, the intensified water pressure caused by decreased precipitation still increased the sensitivity. Our findings suggest an escalating vulnerability of tree growth to precipitation change, which may increase the risk of tree mortality under future intensified drought.
Differences in Thunderstorms' Ice Microphysics Between the Amazon and Central Africa Inferred From Spaceborne Passive Microwave and Radar Observations
Authors: Morvais Florian , Liu Chuntao
Published: August 2024

This study examines the differences related to microphysical properties of ice in thunderstorms over the Amazon and Congo Basin using the Precipitation Feature (PF) data sets derived from passive microwave and radar observations from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission and Global Precipitation Mission Core Satellites. Analysis reveals that Amazon thunderstorms are likely composed of ice crystals smaller but more numerous than those in the Congo Basin, resulting in half as many flashes per PF on average in the Amazon, for similar Ice Water Content (IWC) or Area of 30 dBZ at −10°C (Acharge). The increase of the flash count following an increase of the IWC (Acharge) is only 72% (61%) as effective in the Amazon as it would be in the Congo Basin area. PFs with similar 30 dBZ radar echo top heights exhibit lower Brightness Temperatures (TBs) in the 85/89, 165, and 183 GHz frequencies over the Amazon, indicating more numerous smaller ice particles compared to those over the Congo Basin, which tend to show colder TBs at 37 GHz, possibly due to more numerous large graupel or hail particles. Comparisons of TBs in PFs with similar 30 dBZ echo top temperature between the Amazon and 3 × 3º global grids show that the median TB in Amazon is higher than that in most oceanic areas but is comparable to areas having high oceanic lightning activity (e.g., South Pacific Convergence Zone). It suggests that systems in the Amazon have similarities with maritime precipitation systems, yet with distinct characteristics indicative of land systems.
The HOXC10/NOD1/ERK axis drives osteolytic bone metastasis of pan-KRAS-mutant lung cancer
Authors: Li Kun , Yang Bo , Du Yingying , Ding Yi , Shen Shihui , Sun Zhengwang , Liu Yun , Wang Yuhan , Cao Siyuan , Ren Wenjie , Wang Xiangyu , Li Mengjuan , Zhang Yunpeng , Wu Juan , Zheng Wei , Yan Wangjun , Li Lei
Published: August 2024

While KRAS mutation is the leading cause of low survival rates in lung cancer bone metastasis patients, effective treatments are still lacking. Here, we identified homeobox C10 (HOXC10) as a lynchpin in pan-KRAS-mutant lung cancer bone metastasis. Through RNA-seq approach and patient tissue studies, we demonstrated that HOXC10 expression was dramatically increased. Genetic depletion of HOXC10 preferentially impeded cell proliferation and migration in vitro. The bioluminescence imaging and micro-CT results demonstrated that inhibition of HOXC10 significantly reduced bone metastasis of KRAS-mutant lung cancer in vivo. Mechanistically, the transcription factor HOXC10 activated NOD1/ERK signaling pathway to reprogram epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and bone microenvironment by activating the NOD1 promoter. Strikingly, inhibition of HOXC10 in combination with STAT3 inhibitor was effective against KRAS-mutant lung cancer bone metastasis by triggering ferroptosis. Taken together, these findings reveal that HOXC10 effectively alleviates pan-KRAS-mutant lung cancer with bone metastasis in the NOD1/ERK axis-dependent manner, and support further development of an effective combinatorial strategy for this kind of disease.
Prognostic value of post-operative iron biomarkers in colorectal cancer: population-based patient cohort
Authors: Gwenzi Tafirenyika , Schrotz-King Petra , Anker Sophie C. , Schöttker Ben , Hoffmeister Michael , Brenner Hermann
Published: August 2024

Background

Post-operative anaemia is linked to iron deficiency. We investigated the prognostic value of post-operative iron biomarkers in colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods

Ferritin, transferrin, iron, and transferrin saturation (TS%) were measured from blood collected at a single time-point post-surgery in 2769 CRC patients. Associations between iron biomarkers with cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed using Cox regression with hazard ratios (HR), stratified by post-operative time of blood collection (<1-month/≥1-month).

Results

After a median follow-up of 9.5 years, 52.6% of patients had died. For iron biomarkers assessed <1-month post-surgery, higher compared to normal TS% was associated with shorter CSS (HR [95% CI] = 2.36 [1.25–4.46]), and higher iron levels with better OS (upper vs. median tertile: HR [95% CI] = 0.79 [0.65–0.97]). When assessed ≥1-month post-surgery, elevated ferritin was associated with poor CSS (high vs. normal: HR [95% CI] = 1.44 [1.10–1.87]), and low TS% with worse CSS (low vs. normal: HR [95% CI] = 1.60 [1.24–2.06]). Similar but weaker associations were observed for OS.

Conclusion

Monitoring of serum ferritin and TS% beyond 1-month post-surgery may be relevant for risk stratification of patients with operable CRC. Future studies should validate our findings.
Intention to have blood-based multi-cancer early detection (MCED) screening: a cross-sectional population-based survey in England
Authors: Schmeising-Barnes Ninian , Waller Jo , Marlow Laura A. V.
Published: August 2024

Background

Trials assessing the clinical utility of blood-based multi-cancer early detection (MCED) tests are underway. Understanding public attitudes towards MCED screening is essential if these tests are to be used. We aimed to quantify MCED screening intention and potential barriers and facilitators to uptake.

Methods

Adults aged 50–77 (n = 958) completed an online survey. The primary outcome was intention to have MCED screening if offered. Psychological variables including barriers and facilitators were assessed. We used logistic regressions to explore associations between socio-demographics and psychological factors and intention.

Results

93.8% of participants said they would ‘definitely’ or ‘probably’ have MCED screening if offered. Intention was significantly associated with previous screening participation and general cancer attitudes but not with socio-demographic factors. Participants were more likely to be intenders if they had higher health motivation, and perceived greater benefits of blood tests. Participants were less likely to be intenders if they perceived greater disadvantages of blood tests, more practical barriers, were more worried about the outcome and more concerned about a positive result.

Conclusions and implications

MCED screening intention was high. The lack of socio-demographic variation suggests equitable interest in this type of screening; however, future research should consider how intention translates to uptake.
TRPA1 aggravates osteoclastogenesis and osteoporosis through activating endoplasmic reticulum stress mediated by SRXN1
Authors: Zhu Pengfei , Tao Huaqiang , Chen Kai , Chu Miao , Wang Qiufei , Yang Xing , Zhou Jun , Yang Huilin , Geng Dechun
Published: August 2024

Osteoporosis (OP) is a disorder of bone remodeling caused by an imbalance between bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. Therefore, inhibiting excessive osteoclast activity is one of the promising strategies for treating OP. A major transient receptor potential cation channel, known as transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), was found to alleviate joint pain and cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis. However, little research has focused on TRPA1 function in OP. As a result, this study aimed to explore the TRPA1 characteristics and its potential therapeutic function during osteoclastogenesis. The TRPA1 expression gradually increased in the osteoclast differentiation process; however, its suppression with small interfering RNA and an inhibitor (HC030031) significantly controlled the osteoclast count and the expression of osteoclast characteristic genes. Its suppression also inhibited endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related pancreatic ER kinase (PERK) pathways. An ER stress inhibitor (thapsigargin) reversed the down-regulated levels of ER stress and osteoclast differentiation by suppressing TRPA1. Transcriptome sequencing results demonstrated that TRPA1 negatively regulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and significantly increased the expression of an antioxidant gene, SRXN1. The osteoclast differentiation and the levels of ER stress were enhanced with SRXN1 inhibition. Finally, TRPA1 knockdown targeting macrophages by adeno-associated virus-9 could relieve osteoclast differentiation and osteopenia in ovariectomized mice. In summary, silencing TRPA1 restrained osteoclast differentiation through ROS-mediated down-regulation of ER stress via inhibiting PERK pathways. The study also indicated that TRPA1 might become a prospective treatment target for OP.
Enantiospecificity in NMR enabled by chirality-induced spin selectivity
Authors: Georgiou T. , Palma J. L. , Mujica V. , Varela S. , Galante M. , Santamaría-García V. J. , Mboning L. , Schwartz R. N. , Cuniberti G. , Bouchard L.-S.
Published: August 2024

Spin polarization in chiral molecules is a magnetic molecular response associated with electron transport and enantioselective bond polarization that occurs even in the absence of an external magnetic field. An unexpected finding by Santos and co-workers reported enantiospecific NMR responses in solid-state cross-polarization (CP) experiments, suggesting a possible additional contribution to the indirect nuclear spin-spin coupling in chiral molecules induced by bond polarization in the presence of spin-orbit coupling. Herein we provide a theoretical treatment for this phenomenon, presenting an effective spin-Hamiltonian for helical molecules like DNA and density functional theory (DFT) results on amino acids that confirm the dependence of J-couplings on the choice of enantiomer. The connection between nuclear spin dynamics and chirality could offer insights for molecular sensing and quantum information sciences. These results establish NMR as a potential tool for chiral discrimination without external agents.
Neuromorphic overparameterisation and few-shot learning in multilayer physical neural networks
Authors: Stenning Kilian D. , Gartside Jack C. , Manneschi Luca , Cheung Christopher T. S. , Chen Tony , Vanstone Alex , Love Jake , Holder Holly , Caravelli Francesco , Kurebayashi Hidekazu , Everschor-Sitte Karin , Vasilaki Eleni , Branford Will R.
Published: August 2024

Physical neuromorphic computing, exploiting the complex dynamics of physical systems, has seen rapid advancements in sophistication and performance. Physical reservoir computing, a subset of neuromorphic computing, faces limitations due to its reliance on single systems. This constrains output dimensionality and dynamic range, limiting performance to a narrow range of tasks. Here, we engineer a suite of nanomagnetic array physical reservoirs and interconnect them in parallel and series to create a multilayer neural network architecture. The output of one reservoir is recorded, scaled and virtually fed as input to the next reservoir. This networked approach increases output dimensionality, internal dynamics and computational performance. We demonstrate that a physical neuromorphic system can achieve an overparameterised state, facilitating meta-learning on small training sets and yielding strong performance across a wide range of tasks. Our approach’s efficacy is further demonstrated through few-shot learning, where the system rapidly adapts to new tasks.
Tropical peat composition may provide a negative feedback on fire occurrence and severity
Authors: Crawford Alastair J. , Belcher Claire M. , New Stacey , Gallego-Sala Angela , Swindles Graeme T. , Page Susan , Blyakharchuk Tatiana A. , Cadillo-Quiroz Hinsby , Charman Dan J. , Gałka Mariusz , Hughes Paul D. M. , Lähteenoja Outi , Mauquoy Dmitri , Roland Thomas P. , Väliranta Minna
Published: August 2024

Loss of peat through increased burning will have major impacts on the global carbon cycle. In a normal hydrological state, the risk of fire propagation is largely controlled by peat bulk density and moisture content. However, where humans have interfered with the moisture status of peat either via drainage, or indirectly via climate change, we hypothesise that its botanical composition will become important to flammability, such that peats from different latitudes might have different compositionally-driven susceptibility to ignition. We use pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry to determine the temperature of maximum thermal decomposition (Tmax) of peats from different latitudes, and couple this to a botanical composition analysis. We find that tropical peat has higher Tmax than other regions, likely on account of its higher wood content which appears to convey a greater resistance to ignition. This resistance also increases with depth, which means that loss of surface peat in tropical regions may lead to a reduction in the subsequent ignitability of deeper peat layers as they are exposed, potentially resulting in a negative feedback on increased fire occurrence and severity.
Extensive hydrogen incorporation is not necessary for superconductivity in topotactically reduced nickelates
Authors: Balakrishnan Purnima P. , Ferenc Segedin Dan , Chow Lin Er , Quarterman P. , Muramoto Shin , Surendran Mythili , Patel Ranjan K. , LaBollita Harrison , Pan Grace A. , Song Qi , Zhang Yang , El Baggari Ismail , Jagadish Koushik , Shao Yu-Tsun , Goodge Berit H. , Kourkoutis Lena F. , Middey Srimanta , Botana Antia S. , Ravichandran Jayakanth , Ariando A. , Mundy Julia A. , Grutter Alexander J.
Published: August 2024

A key open question in the study of layered superconducting nickelate films is the role that hydrogen incorporation into the lattice plays in the appearance of the superconducting state. Due to the challenges of stabilizing highly crystalline square planar nickelate films, films are prepared by the deposition of a more stable parent compound which is then transformed into the target phase via a topotactic reaction with a strongly reducing agent such as CaH2. Recent studies, both experimental and theoretical, have introduced the possibility that the incorporation of hydrogen from the reducing agent into the nickelate lattice may be critical for the superconductivity. In this work, we use secondary ion mass spectrometry to examine superconducting La1−xXxNiO2 / SrTiO3 (X = Ca and Sr) and Nd6Ni5O12 / NdGaO3 films, along with non-superconducting NdNiO2 / SrTiO3 and (Nd,Sr)NiO2 / SrTiO3. We find no evidence for extensive hydrogen incorporation across a broad range of samples, including both superconducting and non-superconducting films. Theoretical calculations indicate that hydrogen incorporation is broadly energetically unfavorable in these systems, supporting our conclusion that extensive hydrogen incorporation is not generally required to achieve a superconducting state in layered square-planar nickelates.
DNA polymerase α-primase facilitates PARP inhibitor-induced fork acceleration and protects BRCA1-deficient cells against ssDNA gaps
Authors: Machacova Zuzana , Chroma Katarina , Lukac David , Protivankova Iva , Moudry Pavel
Published: August 2024

PARP inhibitors (PARPi), known for their ability to induce replication gaps and accelerate replication forks, have become potent agents in anticancer therapy. However, the molecular mechanism underlying PARPi-induced fork acceleration has remained elusive. Here, we show that the first PARPi-induced effect on DNA replication is an increased replication fork rate, followed by a secondary reduction in origin activity. Through the systematic knockdown of human DNA polymerases, we identify POLA1 as mediator of PARPi-induced fork acceleration. This acceleration depends on both DNA polymerase α and primase activities. Additionally, the depletion of POLA1 increases the accumulation of replication gaps induced by PARP inhibition, sensitizing cells to PARPi. BRCA1-depleted cells are especially susceptible to the formation of replication gaps under POLA1 inhibition. Accordingly, BRCA1 deficiency sensitizes cells to POLA1 inhibition. Thus, our findings establish the POLA complex as important player in PARPi-induced fork acceleration and provide evidence that lagging strand synthesis represents a targetable vulnerability in BRCA1-deficient cells.
Computing the alpha complex using dual active set quadratic programming
Authors: Carlsson Erik , Carlsson John
Published: August 2024

The alpha complex is a fundamental data structure from computational geometry, which encodes the topological type of a union of balls $$B(x;r) \subset {\mathbb {R}}^m$$

B

(
x
;
r
)

⊂

R

m

for $$x\in S$$

x
∈
S

, including a weighted version that allows for varying radii. It consists of the collection of “simplices” $$\sigma =\{x_0,...,x_k\} \subset S$$

σ
=
{

x
0

,
.
.
.
,

x
k

}
⊂
S

, which correspond to nonempty $$(k+1)$$

(
k
+
1
)

-fold intersections of cells in a radius-restricted version of the Voronoi diagram $${{\,\textrm{Vor}\,}}(S,r)$$

Vor

(
S
,
r
)

. Existing algorithms for computing the alpha complex require that the points reside in low dimension because they begin by computing the entire Delaunay complex, which rapidly becomes intractable, even when the alpha complex is of a reasonable size. This paper presents a method for computing the alpha complex without computing the full Delaunay triangulation by applying Lagrangian duality, specifically an algorithm based on dual quadratic programming that seeks to rule simplices out rather than ruling them in.
Differences in macular thickness associated with peripheral retinal vessel whitening in diabetic patients
Authors: Kalaw Fritz Gerald P. , Sharma Paripoorna , Walker Evan , Borooah Shyamanga
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to determine the difference in macular thickness among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) with and without peripheral retinal vessel whitening (PRVW). PRVW was defined by retinal vessel whitening outside the standard seven ETDRS fields. Subjects were divided into DM with PRVW, DM without PRVW, and normal age-matched controls. Optical coherence tomography scans were divided into total, inner, and outer retinal layer thicknesses and were compared in the macula's central, inner, and outer rings. Forty-seven eyes were included: DM with PRVW = 15, DM without PRVW = 16, and Controls = 16. Overall, the mean retinal thickness in patients with DM with PRVW was lower than in patients with DM without PRVW and controls. In the inner macula, DM patients with PRVW showed a significantly lower mean inner superior, nasal, inferior, and temporal macula compared to DM patients without PRVW (p = 0.014, 0.008, 0.005, < 0.001, respectively). DM patients with PRVW also showed a significantly lower mean outer superior, nasal, inferior, and temporal macula than controls (p = 0.005, 0.005, 0.016, 0.025, respectively). This study demonstrates that PRVW in DM patients may be associated with global structural changes to the macular region, promoting a decrease in inner and outer retinal thickness. Further studies should investigate the functional correlation with PRVW in DM patients in order to better understand its potential implications in diabetic patients.
Transcriptome analysis of Drosophila suzukii reveals molecular mechanisms conferring pyrethroid and spinosad resistance
Authors: Tabuloc Christine A. , Carlson Curtis R. , Ganjisaffar Fatemeh , Truong Cindy C. , Chen Ching-Hsuan , Lewald Kyle M. , Hidalgo Sergio , Nicola Nicole L. , Jones Cera E. , Sial Ashfaq A. , Zalom Frank G. , Chiu Joanna C.
Published: August 2024

Drosophila suzukii lay eggs in soft-skinned, ripening fruits, making this insect a serious threat to berry production. Since its 2008 introduction into North America, growers have used insecticides, such as pyrethroids and spinosads, as the primary approach for D. suzukii management, resulting in development of insecticide resistance in this pest. This study sought to identify the molecular mechanisms conferring insecticide resistance in these populations. We sequenced the transcriptomes of two pyrethroid- and two spinosad-resistant isofemale lines. In both pyrethroid-resistant lines and one spinosad-resistant line, we identified overexpression of metabolic genes that are implicated in resistance in other insect pests. In the other spinosad-resistant line, we observed an overexpression of cuticular genes that have been linked to resistance. Our findings enabled the development of molecular diagnostics that we used to confirm persistence of insecticide resistance in California, U.S.A. To validate these findings, we leveraged D. melanogaster mutants with reduced expression of metabolic or cuticular genes that were found to be upregulated in resistant D. suzukii to demonstrate that these genes are involved in promoting resistance. This study is the first to characterize the molecular mechanisms of insecticide resistance in D. suzukii and provides insights into how current management practices can be optimized.
Effect of welding parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties of dissimilar AISI 304/ductile cast iron fusion welded joints
Authors: El-Shennawy M. , Abdel-Aleem H. A. , Ghanem M. M. , Sehsah A. M.
Published: August 2024

Problems associated with dissimilar fusion welding are mainly originated from the differences in melting points, coefficients of thermal conductivity and thermal expansion, …etc., and carbon content when welding dissimilar ferrous materials. In this study, the problems associated with dissimilar fusion welding of stainless steel AISI304 with ductile cast iron DCI grade A536 were investigated. Using shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) process, various welding parameters were studied to investigate the successful/accepted dissimilar welded joint(s). Welding electrodes and welding techniques were the main studied parameters. Microstructural and mechanical investigations were carried out for welded joints under different welding parameters. Tensile, impact and hardness tests coupled with optical and scanning electron microscopic examinations with EDX analysis were made for metallurgical and mechanical evaluations of welded joints. This extensive study could solve the problem of dissimilar welding between ductile cast iron and 304 stainless steel. The main results showed that joints welded by ENiCrFe-3 electrode in root pass and ENiFe-CI in filling passes were the successful dissimilar welded joints with 422 MPa tensile strength which represents 104% of annealed DCI base metal and without any changes in toughness properties, where toughness at HAZ of DCI was 18 J. High Ni content in weld metal increased the strength, ductility and reduced the weld metal dilution.
Oxidative stress and regulation of adipogenic differentiation capacity by sirtuins in adipose stem cells derived from female patients of advancing age
Authors: Bernhardt Anne , Jamil Alan , Morshed Md. Tanvir , Ponnath Pia , Gille Veronika , Stephan Nadine , Sauer Heinrich , Wartenberg Maria
Published: August 2024

Patient age is critical for mesenchymal stem cell quality and differentiation capacity. We demonstrate that proliferation and adipogenic capacity of subcutaneous adipose stem cells (ASCs) from female patients declined with advanced age, associated with reduction in cell nucleus size, increase in nuclear lamina protein lamin B1/B2, and lamin A, upregulation of senescence marker p16INK4a and senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity. Adipogenic induction resulted in differentiation of adipocytes and upregulation of adipogenic genes CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha, fatty acid binding protein 4, lipoprotein lipase, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, which was not affected by the Sirt-1 activator YK-3-237 or the Sirt-1 inhibitor EX-527. Protein expression of the stem cell markers Oct4 and Sox2 was not significantly downregulated with advanced patient age. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species were increased in ASCs from old-aged patients, whereas protein expression of NADPH oxidases NOX1 and NOX4 was downregulated, and dual oxidase isoforms remained unchanged. Generation of nitric oxide and iNOS expression was downregulated. Protein expression of Sirt-1 and Sirt-3 decreased with patient age, whereas Sirt-2 and Sirt-5 remained unchanged. Induction of adipogenesis stimulated protein expression of Sirt-1 and Sirt-3, which was not affected upon pre-incubation with the Sirt-1-activator YK-3-237 or the Sirt-1-inhibitor EX-527. The Sirt-1 inhibitor Sirtinol downregulated adiponectin protein expression and the number of adipocytes, whereas YK-3-237 exerted stimulatory effects. In summary, our data demonstrate increased oxidative stress in ASCs of aging patients, and decline of adipogenic capacity due to Sirt-1- mediated adiponectin downregulation in elderly patients.
Uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are associated with insecticide resistance in the major malaria vectors Anopheles gambiae s.l. and Anopheles funestus
Authors: Logan Rhiannon Agnes Ellis , Mäurer Julia Bettina , Wapler Charlotte , Ingham Victoria Anne
Published: August 2024

Malaria remains one of the highest causes of morbidity and mortality, with 249 million cases and over 608,000 deaths in 2022. Insecticides, which target the Anopheles mosquito vector, are the primary method to control malaria. The widespread nature of resistance to the most important insecticide class, the pyrethroids, threatens the control of this disease. To reverse the stall in malaria control there is urgent need for new vector control tools, which necessitates understanding the molecular basis of pyrethroid resistance. In this study we utilised multi-omics data to identify uridine-diphosphate (UDP)-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) potentially involved in resistance across multiple Anopheles species. Phylogenetic analysis identifies sequence similarities between Anopheline UGTs and those involved in agricultural pesticide resistance to pyrethroids, pyrroles and spinosyns. Expression of five UGTs was characterised in An. gambiae and An. coluzzii to determine constitutive over-expression, induction, and tissue specificity. Furthermore, a UGT inhibitor, sulfinpyrazone, restored susceptibility to pyrethroids and DDT in An. gambiae, An. coluzzii, An. arabiensis and An. funestus, the major African malaria vectors. Taken together, this study provides clear association of UGTs with pyrethroid resistance as well as highlighting the potential use of sulfinpyrazone as a novel synergist for vector control.
Upwelling-driven high organic production in the late Ediacaran
Authors: Cañadas Fuencisla , Papineau Dominic , Algeo Thomas J. , Li Chao
Published: August 2024

The Ediacaran ocean (635-541 million years ago) is typically viewed as a stagnant, redox-stratified ocean with low phosphorus availability. However, this contradicts the high total organic carbon (up to 15 wt%) recorded in the upper Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation in South China. Here, we present a quantitative reconstruction of primary productivity and sediment total organic carbon using basin-scale simulations based on various redox-nutrient scenarios. Our results indicate that oceanic upwelling was the primary driver of enhanced primary productivity, with estimates over 2.5 times the modern ocean’s average, providing quantitative evidence for oceanic circulation in the Ediacaran Nanhua Basin. Our results also indicate the development of spatially linked but opposing redox trends, i.e., a ‘redox anticouple’, whereby the expansion of the oxic surface layer occurred concurrently with intensification of deep-water anoxia due to enhanced PP in surface and its consumption of oxidants in underlying waters. This model may explain the conflicting redox records across the Nanhua Basin. Our findings explain the unusually high rates of organic matter production and preservation in the low-pO2 Ediacaran ocean and provide a mechanism for its progressive oxygenation.
A Green Biorefinery Concept: Proteins and Lipids as Sustainable Biomass
Authors: Arshad M. , Zubair M. , Ullah A.
Published: August 2024

Biorefinery is a concept derived from the traditional oil refinery, which enables the production of bio-based materials without generating waste. Basically, this idea aligns with the concept of sustainable development, where every part of the biomass is processed into high-value-added materials via multiple unit operations in an economical and eco-friendly way. Proteins and lipids are unique sustainable bioresources containing a wide range of functional groups, i.e., amino acids in proteins. In contrast, esters, alcohols, and unsaturated bonds in lipids enable the production of numerous bio-derived materials using biorefinery concepts for applications in cosmetic, packaging, pharmaceutical, lubricant, biofuel, agriculture, food, and health industries. This chapter provides a successful biorefinery concept, involving the extraction of proteins and lipids and exploring their various potential applications.
Enhancing humidity resistance of nickel-rich layered cathode materials by low water-soluble CaF2 coating
Authors: Zhang Zijian , Feng Jiajin , He Ran , Zhang Yelong , Zhu Hangmin , Wu Feng , Zeng Qingguang , Yu Hui , Hui Kwun Nam , Liu Xi , Wang Da
Published: August 2024

The coating of a low-water-soluble but hydrophilic compound, CaF2, is demonstrated to be effective in not only alleviating side reactions with electrolytes, but also protecting nickel-rich cathodes from the erosion of moisture and even water.
Distinct DNA conformations during forward and backward translocations through a conical nanopore
Authors: Zheng Fei , Han Quan
Published: August 2024

A conical nanopore reveals distinct conformations of DNA molecules during the forward and backward translocations.
Single reaction chamber microwave digestion coupled with ICP-MS for the determination of ultra-trace mercury in rocks
Authors: Liang Minsi , Liu Hongtao
Published: August 2024

A sensitive, stable, acid-conserving method for Hg determination in rocks using ICP-MS with single reaction chamber microwave digestion has been proposed, ensuring reliable and efficient analysis vital for geochemical research.
Reusable semi-IPN polymer networks as long-term antibacterial coatings
Authors: Prajapati Deepak G. , Mishra Abhijit
Published: August 2024

A semi-IPN coating was formed via crosslinking between surface amine groups and glutaraldehyde with AB polymer inter-penetrated through the network, displaying excellent bactericidal activity.
Switching between P-acylation and O-acylation of H-phosphonates with chloroformates by changing acyl pyridinium and acyl ammonium ions in a microflow reactor
Authors: Kitamura Hiroshi , Tanaka Yuma , Fuse Shinichiro
Published: August 2024

We report the first switchable acylation of H-phosphonate with chloroformate in microflow reactors. The acylation site (P vs. O) in H-phosphonate was switched by changing the acyl pyridinium/ammonium ions.
Glutathione and viscosity double-locked response fluorescent probe for imaging and surgical navigation of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Wen , Zhang Min , Li Mengmei , Wang Xin , Li Ping , Tang Bo
Published: August 2024

We constructed a fluorescent probe (PG-V) activated cascadically by glutathione and viscosity. PG-V possessed excellent photophysical properties and could achieve fluorescence imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma and imaging-guided tumor resection.
Cobalt-catalyzed three-component assembly of aromatic oximes with substituted dienes and formaldehyde
Authors: Prusty Priyambada , Jeganmohan Masilamani
Published: August 2024

A highly regio- and chemoselective three-component assembly of substituted aryl oximes with dienes and formaldehyde in the presence of a Co(iii) catalyst is demonstrated.
Facile preparation of copper-based amorphous/crystalline heterophase nanocatalysts and their applications as efficient non-enzymatic biosensors
Authors: Zhao Ruopeng , Shi Xiaonan , Liu Jing , Zhou Peiyang , Zhou Yandi , Wu Zhangyong , Yao Lin , Liu Yong , Zhao Changrong
Published: August 2024

A branch-shaped nanocatalyst consisting of amorphous/crystalline heterophase AuCu alloy was efficiently synthesized and utilized for the high-performance detection of glucose.
Enhanced oxygen evolution reaction activity on two-dimensional vdW ferromagnetic Cr2Ge2Te6 through synergism between two active sites
Authors: Kang Zongxiang , Su Wei , Li Qiuhong , Hu Jingguo , Pan Jing
Published: August 2024

The two-active-site synergism mechanism through a hydroxyl-boosted pathway is proposed to enhance the OER activity of the Cr2Ge2Te6 electrocatalyst.
Fully quantal description of combined internal conversion and intersystem crossing processes in the smallest Criegee intermediate CH2OO
Authors: Nikoobakht Behnam , Köppel Horst
Published: August 2024

In this work, we describe combined internal conversion and intersystem crossing processes in the smallest Criegee intermediate CH2OO. Our method is based on the wavepacket propagation technique in which a 15 × 15 Hamiltonian model is constructed.
Conditions under which a natural iterative method for calculating the orientation distribution of rodlike particles decreases the free energy at each step
Authors: Berger Alan E.
Published: August 2024

For physically meaningful particle interactions, a natural iteration of the orientation distribution function decreases the free energy, F, at each step and, in practice, converges at a local free energy minimum.
A first-principles study of the electronic structure and point defects in higher manganese silicide Mn4Si7
Authors: Chai Jun , Li Guangshu , He Mingping , Shen Hangjia
Published: August 2024

This study systematically investigates the intrinsic and extrinsic point defects of a higher manganese silicide (Mn4Si7) using first-principles calculations.
High-resolution infrared spectra and rovibrational analysis of the ν12 band of propylene oxide
Authors: Vávra Karel , Döring Eileen , Jakob Jan , Peterß Fabian , Kaufmann Matin , Stahl Pascal , Giesen Thomas F. , Fuchs Guido W.
Published: August 2024

High-resolution infrared gas phase spectroscopy of the fundamental ν12 ring breathing mode of propylene oxide (CH3CHCH2O) using a quantum cascade laser spectrometer at 8 μm.
Heavier group 14-transition metal π-complex congeners
Authors: Hadlington Terrance J.
Published: August 2024

Heavier derivatives of classical carbon-centred π-complexes have seen significant interest in recent decades. Their syntheses are discussed, along side a commentary on similarities and differences with the lightest congeners.
Construction of Fe3O4@Au catalysts via the surface functional group effect of ferric oxide for efficient electrocatalytic nitrite reduction
Authors: Zhang Wei , Li Jin , Sun Cuilian , Xing Xiujing , Lv Yaokang , Xiong Wei , Li Hao
Published: August 2024

Different modification groups were successfully introduced on the surface of Fe3O4 spheres using the hydrothermal method. The typical Fe3O4–COOH@Au1.0 sample showed good electrocatalytic nitrite reduction for ammonia synthesis.
Colloidal properties and stability of colloidal activated carbon: effects of aqueous chemistry on sedimentation kinetics
Authors: Ndubueze Ezinneifechukwunyelu U. , Boparai Hardiljeet K. , Xu Laura , Sleep Brent E.
Published: August 2024

Recently, in situ injections of polymer-stabilized colloidal activated carbon (CAC) have shown successful immobilization of per/polyfluoroalkyl substances from groundwater.
Optimizing deep eutectic solvent pretreatment for enhanced glucan recovery from miscanthus
Authors: Piedade Patrícia J. , Nowotarski Michał M. , Dudek Gabriela , Lukasik Rafal M.
Published: August 2024

Choline chloride–acetic acid (1 : 2) composed DES has shown to be effective for the pretreatment of the lignocellulosic biomass Miscanthus, increasing the enzymatic susceptibility of cellulose and quantitative conversion of xylan fraction.
Colorimetric and photothermal dual-modal analysis of a cancer-related gene based on G-quadruplex-hemin cascade signal amplification
Authors: Tao Hongling , Chen Yanyue , Liu Jiawen , Liu Jiali , Yang Yunhui , Hu Rong
Published: August 2024

We developed a label-free colorimetric photothermal bimodal POCT sensing platform based on cascade catalytic signal amplification for the detection of p53.
Computational insights into non-C2-symmetric BINOLate titanium catalyzed cyanation of aldehydes
Authors: Huang Dongfeng , Hou Haili
Published: August 2024

DFT calculations reveal that HCN coordinated to the catalyst first, and then decomposed to form a zwitterionic intermediate, followed by the C–C bond forming step via a concerted transition state to obtain the final product.
Graphene-coated nickel in biological environments: role of structural defects
Authors: Devadig Ramesh , Sigdel Pawan , Rahman Md. Hasan-Ur , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Rahman Muhammad M. , Gadhamshetty Venkataramana
Published: August 2024

Graphene (Gr) is a promising material for addressing microbially induced corrosion (MIC) issues that cause staggering economic losses, estimated at nearly $55 billion annually in the US alone.
Tailoring the structural and electro-optical properties of avisible-light emitting BaZrO3 photocatalyst: integrating DFT and comprehensive experimental analysis
Authors: Dubey Shubha , Kumar Vipin , Dubey Kumud , Sahu Chinmay , Modi Anchit , Gautam U. K. , Sharma R. K. , Haque Fozia Z. , Pagare Gitanjali , Gaur N. K.
Published: August 2024

Possible photocatalytic mechanisms over BaZrO3 nanoparticles under visible-light illumination.
Role of additive size in the segmental dynamics and mechanical properties of cross-linked polymers
Authors: Zheng Xiangrui , Xu Lan , Douglas Jack F. , Xia Wenjie
Published: August 2024

The effects of additive size on the segmental dynamics and mechanical properties of cross-linked polymers are studied, revealing that additive aggregation increases with greater segmental size disparity between cross-linked polymer and additives.
Recent progress on Ti-based catalysts in the electrochemical synthesis of ammonia
Authors: Lin Peiyan , Zhao Fang , Ren Xuefeng , Lu Yumeng , Dong Xiaoying , Gao Liguo , Ma Tingli , Bao Junjiang , Liu Anmin
Published: August 2024

Electrochemical ammonia synthesis presents a sustainable alternative, offering the potential for enhanced energy efficiency and environmental benefits compared to the conventional Haber-Bosch process.
Exploring 2-mercapto-N-arylacetamide analogs as promising anti-melanogenic agents: in vitro and in vivo evaluation
Authors: Jung Hee Jin , Park Hye Soo , Kim Hye Jin , Park Hyeon Seo , Kim Young Eun , Jeong Da Eun , Noh Sang Gyun , Park Yujin , Chun Pusoon , Chung Hae Young , Moon Hyung Ryong
Published: August 2024

Based on the hypothesis that the 2-mercaptoacetamide moiety chelates the copper ions of tyrosinase, 2-mercapto-N-arylacetamide (2-MAA) analogs were designed and synthesized as potential tyrosinase inhibitors.
The phase behavior of CO2 injection in shale reservoirs with nano-pores
Authors: Wan Tao , Ding Kun , Xiong Qiyong , Guo Jing
Published: August 2024

The solubility of CO2 in formation water, crude oil and oil–water mixtures was determined. The effect of nano-pore confinement on the solubility of CO2 was analyzed.
Design, synthesis and potent anti-pancreatic cancer activity of new pyrazole derivatives bearing chalcone, thiazole and thiadiazole moieties: gene expression, DNA fragmentation, cell cycle arrest and SAR
Authors: Kamel Monica G. , Sroor Farid M. , Hanafy Mahmoud KH. , Mahrous Karima F. , Hassaneen Hamdi M.
Published: August 2024

Four pyrazol derivatives (4, 5, 7, and 25) showed potent anti-PACA-2 cell line with IC50 (13.0, 31.5 and 24.9, 5.5 μg mL−1) respectively, while compounds 23 and 25 showed potent anti-PC3 cell line with IC50 (26.1 and 11.8 μg mL−1).
Influence of pomelo pericarp essential oil on the structural characteristics of gelatin-arrowroot tuber flour-based edible films
Authors: Venkatachalam Karthikeyan , Charoenphun Narin , Noonim Paramee , Pechwang Jaraslak , Lekjing Somwang
Published: August 2024

In this study, the effects of pomelo pericarp essential oil (PEO) at concentrations of 0.5–2.0% on the structural properties of gelatin-arrowroot tuber flour (GEL-ATF) edible films were evaluated.
One-pot synthesis of tetrahydropyrimidinecarboxamides enabling in vitro anticancer activity: a combinative study with clinically relevant brain-penetrant drugs
Authors: Upadhyay Dipti B. , Nogales Joaquina , Mokariya Jaydeep A. , Vala Ruturajsinh M. , Tandon Vasudha , Banerjee Sourav , Patel Hitendra M.
Published: August 2024

This study describe one-pot three-component synthesis of bioactive tetrahydopyrimidinecarboxamide employing La(OTf)3 as a catalyst. Compound, 4f had the most potent anti-cancer activity and impeded cell cycle progression effectively.