bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
History and prospects for the use of morphine in clinical practice: literature review
Authors: Raspopin Yurii S. , Shifman Efim M. , Feoktistova Daria A.
Published: March 2024

The authors analyzed various studies on acute and chronic pain syndrome treatment. This review provides brief historical data on the discovery and use of morphine from ancient times to present. Morphine remains one of the most common painkillers worldwide and has a rich history dating back more than 200 years. Its basic properties, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and principles of use are discussed. No drug has had such an impact on society as morphine because of its medical use as a pain reliever and its illicit use as a drug of addiction and abuse. This review includes the main modern recommendations for the treatment of acute and chronic pain, particularly from the World Health Organization for the treatment of chronic pain and the Procedure-Specific Postoperative Pain Management (PROSPECT) group for the treatment of postoperative pain in various surgical interventions. The types of opioids and their clinical use are described, and the authors’ opinion on the current use of morphine for treating acute and chronic pain syndrome is presented.
Effectiveness of erector spinae plane block in children with pectus excavatum deformity during minimally invasive thoracoplasty with osteosynthesis of the sternocostal complex: a prospective randomized comparative study
Authors: Savenkov Artem N. , Ryzhikov Dmitry V. , Ivanov Marat D. , Vissarionov Sergey V. , Koriachkin Victor A. , Pogorelchuk Viktor V. , Zabolotskii Dmitrii V.
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND: Despite the widespread use of regional blocks in children, ensuring adequate perioperative pain control during minimally invasive thoracoplasty with osteosynthesis of the sternocostal complex remains a problem. The introduction of ultrasound navigation has allowed specialists to increasingly give preference to peripheral blockades; paravertebral anesthesia has proven to be effective in thoracic surgery. However, safer interfascial blocks, including erector spinae plane block, are rarely used in pediatrics, and there is no evidence base for the effectiveness of the method.
OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to compare the effectiveness of erector spinae plane block with paravertebral blockade during minimally invasive thoracoplasty with osteosynthesis of the sternocostal complex in children.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective randomized comparative study of children who underwent minimally invasive thoracoplasty with osteosynthesis of the sternocostal complex was conducted from September 2022 to April 2023. According to the inclusion criteria, the selected 39 children were divided into groups: I — paravertebral blockade, and II — erector spinae plane block. The mean arterial pressure, heart rate during the perioperative period stages, postanesthesia recovery by Aldrete scale and pain intensity by the Wong–Baker scale, and stress response markers (cortisol and lactate) were assessed.
RESULTS: No significant differences were observed in the study groups when comparing mean arterial pressure and heart rate at any of the measurement points of the perioperative period (p 0.05). Further, no significant differences were noted between the groups when comparing cortisol and lactate levels (p 0.05). The awakening level was characterized by a short recovery period and did not differ between the groups (p 0.05). The intensity of pain during the observation period did not exceed 5 points on the verbal rating scale in both groups, and the severity of pain was significantly higher in the group with blockade of the erector spinae plane block only 2 hours after surgery (p 0.05).Postoperative nausea and vomiting were more common in children with erector spinae plane block (p 0.05). No other adverse events were recorded.
CONCLUSION: Erector spinae plane block is an effective and simple method of regional anesthesia for minimally invasive thoracoplasty with osteosynthesis of the sternocostal complex and can be used as an alternative to paravertebral blockade in children.
İnsan Odaklı Gezegenin Çevresel Etkileri ve Yol Açtığı Sağlık Sorunları
Authors: Bulduk Kübra Doğanay , Piyal Birgül
Published: March 2024

Geçmişten günümüze insan toplulukları dünyayı kendi yaşam kalıplarına uyarlama çabası içindedir. Bunun sonucu olarak çevresel değişikliklere ve bozulmalara neden olmuşlardır. Bu çevresel değişiklikler insan sağlığı için elde edilen gelişmeleri tehdit etmekte, var olan eşitsizlikleri derinleştirmekte ve yeni sağlık riskleri ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çevresel bozulmalardan en önemlilerinden biri kabul edilen iklim değişikliğinin 2030 ile 2050 yılları arasında yılda yaklaşık 250.000 ek ölüme neden olacağı öngörülmektedir. Özellikle en savunmasız bireyler ya da gruplar etkilenecektir. Bu nedenle bu değişikliklere yönelik eyleme geçilmesi ivedi bir gerekliliktir. Bu çerçevede gezegen sağlığı gibi sağlık tanımına daha geniş açıdan bakan yaklaşımların benimsenmesi son derece önemlidir.
Diabetes Mellitus'ta Nrf2-Keap1 Aktivasyonu, Antioksidan Savunma Sisteminin Potansiyel Bir Hedefidir
Authors: Alı Shireen Adil , Sapmaz Erçakallı Tuğçe , Kara Samet , Polat Sait
Published: March 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM), hiperglisemi ile karakterize kronik bir hastalıktır ve mikro- ve makrovasküler hastalıkları içeren komplikasyonları vardır. Nrf2 ve endojen inhibitörü Keap1, oksidatif stresle mücadele etmek için yaygın, evrimsel olarak korunmuş hücresel bir savunma mekanizması olarak işlev görür. Sitoplazmik Keap1 tarafından tutulur ve bazal koşullarda proteazomal bozulmaya hedeflenir, oksidatif stres durumunda Nrf2, Keap1'den ayrılır ve çekirdeğe taşınır, burada küçük Maf proteinlerinden biri ile heterodimer oluşturur. Heterodimerler, Nrf2 hedef genlerinin düzenleyici bölgelerinde bulunan güçlendirici dizileri (ARE'ler) tanır, transkripsiyon için önemli faktörlerin rekrütasyonu için gereklidir. Oksidatif stres, diyabetin ana patojenik faktörüdür ve Nrf2 tarafından iletilir, antioksidan koruma tepkisinin ana düzenleyicisidir. Bu yanıt, ilaç detoksifikasyonu ve prooksidanların metabolik eliminasyonunda yer alan bir dizi işbirliği yapan enzimi içeren bir ağa dahil olur. NRF2 tarafından indüklenen antioksidan metabolik yollar, azalmış glutatyonun (GSH) üretimi, kullanımı ve rejenerasyonu için enzimleri içerir. Nrf2'nin oksidatif, iltihaplı ve apoptotik etkileri koruyucu olduğu gösterilmiştir. Keap1/Nrf2 sinyal yolunun pankreatik β-hücreleri oksidatif stres kaynaklı DNA hasarından koruyarak T1DM gelişimini bastırmaya katkıda bulunduğu gösterilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, Keap1/Nrf2 sinyal yolunun inhibisyonu T1DM'nin ilerlemesini önemli ölçüde teşvik etmiştir. Uzun süreli diyabet sonucu diyabetik komplikasyonlar, metabolik dengesizliklerde meydana gelebilir, mikrovasküler ve makrovasküler komplikasyonlara yol açabilir. NRF2 ile ilişkili epigenetik değişikliklerin, oksidatif stresi inhibe ederek diyabetik komplikasyonların oluşumunu ve ilerlemesini azalttığı öne sürülmüştür. Ayrıca A, E, C vitaminleri ve karotenoidler gibi vitaminler ile çinko, mangan, bakır, demir ve selenyum gibi mineraller gibi çeşitli antioksidanlar NRF-2'nin aktivitesi için esastır, ayrıca sebzelerde, meyvelerde ve yenilebilir otlarda bulunan doğal antioksidanlar da Nrf2 sinyal yolunun aktive edilmesinde önemli bir rol oynar. Bu derlemede, diyabetik patogenezde oksidatif stresin rolünü ve diabetes mellitus tedavisinde NRF-2'nin düzenlenmesinde antioksidanların rolünü özetliyoruz.
Overcoming the apocalypse in the pluralistic space of poetics and politics
Authors: Kharkevich M.V.
Published: March 2024

In the shift toward the Early Modern era, the end-centric temporality of the Middle Ages underwent a critical reevaluation, which spawned four distinct historical paradigms in the interplay between eschatology and politics. This article delineates these paradigms as follows: the revolutionary, where political constructs undergo a metamorphosis toward the eschatological, culminating in their complete dissolution within it; the progressive, in which political elements evolve in the direction of eschatological thought while retaining their distinct existence; the conservative, where political structures act to curtail the influence of eschatological expectations; and the post-apocalyptic, wherein both political and eschatological spheres merge into the economic, exemplifying the cultural logic of late capitalism. Utilizing process tracing as a methodological tool within the framework of critical realism, the study investigates the dynamic processes through which societies confront and potentially overcome apocalyptic scenarios. It reveals that poetic and political pluralism serves as a transformative mechanism, facilitating the potential overcoming of apocalyptic threats. However, this overcoming is only achieved in the progressive model, which is marked by the adoption of a polytheistic political myth and a clear separation between the domains of politics and ethics. In contrast, the post-apocalyptic model is characterized by a radical proliferation of apocalyptic narratives, which leads to the normalization and institutionalization of a metaphorical ‘worldly hell.' In this context, the political and eschatological are reconstituted within the economic domain, signaling a shift to a new cultural and ideological paradigm dominated by capitalist ideology.
Make-up of fiscal integration in the European Union
Authors: Strezhneva M.V.
Published: March 2024

The present article aims to expose current trends in fiscal integration in the EU. Its milestones are brought forward, with particular attention being paid to the “NextGenerationEU” recovery plan, the latter constituting Brussels' key response to the socio-economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The article evaluates whether this program is going to remain a temporary phenomenon and to what extent it can define the “new normal” for the Economic and Monetary Union. Due to the Ukrainian crisis, the suggestions are spelled out more insistently to provide Brussels with “fiscal capacity” or permanent fiscal mechanisms that could repel emerging challenges and threats. The question that is considered here is whether we can expect such perpetual tools to become future elements of a full-scale fiscal union, bringing the euro area closer to the contours of an optimum currency area. The influence of European institutions as initiators of the integration process and the involvement of non-governmental players in it have received wider coverage in the specialized literature. Thus, in this case the role played in the process of fiscal integration by national governments is explored in more detail. For this purpose, the theory of multilevel governance and, in particular, its “dynamic” version are applied. It proves useful for identifying cases and ways in which governments can maintain control over decisions made within the integration system. The analysis confirmed that the Union has no plans to increase the issuance of the EU debt in order to replace national borrowing, or to transfer taxes from the national to the supranational level. It can be expected that in the future more active EU borrowing in financial markets will be accompanied by the measure of institutional flexibility which has now been achieved due to an intergovernmental compromise. At the same time temporary tools like NGEU and SURE are unlikely to lead to the fiscal union being completely federalized.
Antioxidant Effectiveness Test of Olive Oil on Malondialdehyde in Hyperglycemic Rats
Authors: Okvenda Ariani Zaltin , Yerizel Eti , Yerizel Raveinal , Yerizel Almurdi
Published: March 2024

Background Hyperglycemia is a medical condition that increases blood glucose levels beyond normal limits because the body lacks enough insulin or insulin does not work properly and is known to trigger oxidative stress. In cells sensitive to Hyperglycemia, such as endothelial cells, excessive glucose loads trigger the formation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in mitochondria, impairing mitochondrial function. ROS are essential mediators for activating pro-inflammatory signaling pathways; obesity and hyperglycemia-induced ROS production may support the induction of proinflammatory macrophages such as M1 during the onset and development of diabetes. Consumption of olive oil can increase plasma antioxidant capacity and reduce oxidative stress markers. Methods This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of olive oil antioxidants against Malondialdehyde (MDA) in hyperglycemic rats. This is an experimental design with a post-test-only group design. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into three groups (n = 8): negative control (K-), positive control (K+), and treatment (P). The normality test was conducted using the Shapiro-Wilk test, followed by Kruskal Wallis. Results The olive oil was proven to reduce levels of Malondialdehyde in the P group, with an average of 2.29 nmol/mL lower than the K+ group. Although the olive oil reduced the average MDA level in hyperglycemic rats, the post-hoc test showed no difference in MDA between the K+ and P groups (p-value = 0.226). Conclusions Antioxidants in olive oil may effectively lower blood glucose levels, reducing levels of Malondialdehyde in hyperglycemic rats.
Perbedaan Jumlah Blast pada Hitung Manual dengan Alat Hematologi Siemens Advia 2120i
Authors: Mario Mario , PB Notopuro
Published: March 2024

Latar Belakang Kemajuan teknologi alat hematologi otomatis menyebabkan permintaan pemeriksaan hitung jenis manual menurun. Hapusan Darah Tepi (HDT) tetap memiliki peran dalam membantu menentukan jenis leukemia, dengan melihat tipe dari jenis dan jumlah/hitung blast pada hapusan darah yang semestinya tidak ditemukan pada HDT normal. Pada alat hematologi Siemens ADVIA 2120i terdapat parameter persentase jumlah sel blast. Penelitian ini menilai perbedaan jumlah sel blast yang didapat dari hitung manual dengan alat hematologi Siemens ADVIA 2120i. Metode Penelitian bersifat analisis observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 30 (22 sampel darah tepi, 8 sampel sumsum tulang) yang terdeteksi adanya sel blast pada alat hematologi Siemens ADVIA 2120i, Sampel dikumpulkan dari bulan November 2015 s/d Agustus 2016. Masing-masing sampel dilakukan perhitungan manual jumlah sel blast dengan pemeriksaan hapusan. Hasil Dari 30 sampel didapatkan 23 kasus AML dan 7 kasus ALL. Rentang jumlah sel blast pada hitung manual 0 sampai 95% dengan mean 28.5%, rentang jumlah sel blast pada alat hematologi Siemens ADVIA 2120i 0.1 sampai 99% dengan mean 16.2%. Kesesuaian hasil perhitungan jumlah blast antara hitung manual dan alat hematologi Siemens ADVIA 2120i terdapat perbedaan bermakna dengan nilai p < 0.05 Pembahasan Perbedaan hasil perhitungan jumlah sel blast antara hitung manual dan alat ADVIA 2120i dikarenakan pada perhitungan manual penilaian sel blast dari ciri sitoplasma, adanya granula, bentuk inti sel, kromatin inti, anak inti, sedangkan pada alat hematologi Siemens ADVIA 2120i hanya berdasarkan atas kompleksitas dan ketahanan terhadap reagen BASO. Kesimpulan Terdapat perbedaan bermakna jumlah blast antara hitung manual dengan alat hematologi Siemens ADVIA 2120i.
Prediction of Radio Signal Failures of Communication Based Train Operating Systems by Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Arslan Burak , Tiryaki Hasan
Published: March 2024

The use of rail systems in urban public transportation has become a necessity for reasons such as time saving, travel comfort and operating costs, especially in cities with high population and road traffic. Communication based train operating systems (CBTC) are used for the safe use of urban rail systems and the maximum capacity of the railway line. In this study, in line with the data collected from the trains on a railway line operated with CBTC, the status of the radio signals that enable the wireless communication of the trains with the trackside signaling equipment was evaluated by machine learning methods, and the situations that may have negative effects on the train operations of the problems at the signal level were evaluate. The problems on the antennas which receives signals from trackside above trains, the poor connection related with fiber optical and LAN cables, the trackside transmitter antenna orientation problems causes decrease on signal levels. It is aimed that to take actions about the problematic signal levels without any negative impact on the passenger comfort and the operation yet. The radio signal losses cause unexpected trains stops and delays. A decision support model has been developed that will offer early solution suggestions to system maintainers in order to intervene first. In conclusion, since it is the first study related with failure prediction by using radio signal levels data on railway signaling system, this study presents an important innovation in terms of literature.
Risk Prioritization in A Manufacturing Project with Fuzzy SWARA and Fuzzy MOORA Methods
Authors: Korkusuz Polat Tülay , Saltan Yaşlı Gülsüm
Published: March 2024

Businesses must constantly change and develop to keep up with customer needs and changes in the market. Not being able to adapt to change or not being ready enough can bring risks. These changes and risks can affect both the process and the outputs of the process. It is essential to be prepared for the possible risks experienced in the operations, especially in project-based, production-to-order enterprises, to meet the customer's demands and to comply with the delivery date. Businesses must implement an effective risk assessment process to achieve this. This study implemented a risk prioritization for a new business project that produces energy storage systems by having to order. Changes must be made in the production process for an additional feature to be added to the product in line with the customer's request. The risks posed by the change and the short deadline were analyzed and prioritized. A new model was developed by developing the classical Decision Matrix Risk Assessment (DMRA) method, one of the risk assessment methods to evaluate the ten identified risks. The "severity" component of the classical DMRA method is divided into three sub-components (the severity of delivery time, the severity of cost, and the severity of quality) to be evaluated more specifically. Moreover, since the weights of these sub-components on the risks are different, the components are weighted with the Fuzzy SWARA method. The weights obtained from the Fuzzy SWARA method are used in the Fuzzy MOORA method, and the risks are prioritized. Thus, the effectiveness of the classical risk assessment approach has increased by detailing the "severity" component of the risk assessment components and weighting and prioritizing the components using multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques.
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Effects of Some Plant Species Growing in Turkiye: Verbascum lydium Boiss. var. lydium Boiss., Euphorbia anacampseros Boiss. var. tmolea M.S. Khan., Rosa pisiformis subsp. pisiformis (Christ) D. Sosn., Stachys tmolea Boiss. subsp. tmolea and Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott
Authors: Bilgi Çiğdem , Demiray Hatice , Kaplan Engin
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has emerged as a critical global public health issue, necessitating the exploration of alternative measures to combat infectious diseases. Traditional medicinal plants have been long recognized for their potential in providing natural compounds with antimicrobial properties for various therapeutic purposes. The diverse plant biodiversity in Turkey offers a promising potential for the discovery of novel antimicrobial compounds. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial activities of methanolic extracts from several endemic and non-endemic plant species against various microorganisms. The endemic species included Verbascum lydium Boiss. var. lydium (stem), Euphorbia anacampseros var. tmolea Boiss. (root), Stachys tmolea subsp. tmolea Boiss. (leaves and stem), Rosa pisiformis subsp. pisiformis (fruit, petiole, root, leaves), while non-endemic species were represented by cultivated Aronia melanocarpa (fruit). In this research, the effectiveness of V. lydium, E. anacampseras, R. pisiformis (all tested parts) and A. melanocarpa (fruits) were demonstrated against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Methanolic extracts of the roots and leaves of R. pisiformis showed the most promising bioactivity with a MIC value of 62.5 µg mL-1 on Pseudomonas aeruginosa among all tested extracts. In addition, the results showed that antimicrobial bioactivities were observed for Candida parapsilosis, C. glabrata and Klebsiella pneumoniae for V. lydium; S. tmolea and R. pisiformis with MIC values of 31.5 µg mL-1 per each. The findings of this study could provide valuable information for future research into the use of Turkish plants for pharmacological purposes, public health and traditional medicine applications.
A Research on the Generalizations of Modules Whose Submodules are Isomorphic to a Direct Summand
Authors: Karabacak Fatih , Taşdemir Özgür
Published: March 2024

A module M is called virtually semisimple (resp. virtually extending) if every submodule (resp. complement submodule) of M is isomorphic to a direct summand of M. It is known that virtually extending modules is a generalization of virtually semisimple modules. In this paper, the relationships between virtually extending modules and other generalizations of virtually semisimple modules are examined. Moreover, we introduce a new generalization of virtually semisimple modules; namely CH modules: We say a module M is a c-epi-retractable (or briefly CH module) if any complement submodule of M is a homomorphic image of M. CH modules contains the class of virtually extending modules and the class of epi-retractable modules. We also give some basic properties of this new module class.
Trichomes on Vegetative and Reproductive Organs of Endemic Ballota macrodonta (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Kandemir Nezahat
Published: March 2024

The morphological features and distributions of trichomes on both vegetative and reproductive organs of endemic Ballota macrodonta were examined in this study. The species has limited distrubution in Türkiye and is endemic Iranian Turanian element. In this taxon, different trichome types were seen and these trichomes were divided into two main groups. The first group forms eglandular trichomes, the other group forms glandular trichomes. Two types of eglandular trichomes were obtained on the vegetative and reproductive organs of the taxon: simple unbranched and branched. Stellate type of branched eglandular trichomes were seen more frequently on the lower surface, margins, veins of leaves, corolla, and outer part of calyx, while long unicellular, bicellular, tricellular and multicellular types of simple unbranched eglandular trichomes were seen more frequently on all the organs of this taxon. Glandular trichomes were categorized as capitate with different stalk lengths and one–two head cells and peltate with four–eight secretory cells. According to number of stalk cells, capitate trichomes were grouped into as unicellular, bicellular, tricellular and multicellular trichomes. The capitate ones were seen nearly on all organs of B. macrodonta. Peltate trichomes were rarely found on the stem, upper surface of leaf and corolla, while these trichomes were densely found on the surface of the calyx. It was emphasized that both simple unbranched and stellate eglandular trichomes could be used as valuable characters in the classification of this species.
MCQs for PGs in Prosthodontics
Authors: Bhat Vinaya , Balaji S Sriram
Published: March 2024

Medical Science has always looked up to minute details in what it has to offer to the students and professionals.  Multiple Choice Questions are exactly aimed at achieving this goal. This book is unique in the sense, it is written with the postgraduates of Prosthodontics in mind.  However, it will also come handy for undergraduate students preparing for Common Entrance Tests. The second edition of the book consists of a vast collection of nearly 3000 questions prepared directly from most popular recent books and manuals used in the field of Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology. For easy and quick reference, the questions have been grouped under seven sections namely, Fixed Partial Denture Prosthodontics, Removable Partial Denture Prosthodontics, Complete Denture Prosthodontics, Oral Implantology, Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, TMJ & Occlusion and General Topics including questions on full mouth rehabilitation and precision attachments.  A list of references is included in the end, to further expand the knowledge of the reader.
Nurses’ Manual of Paediatric Cardiac Intensive Care
Authors: Shastri Dr. Ramkinkar
Published: March 2024

Every successful unit follows a certain set of protocols which are nothing but the guidelines for actions in specific circumstances. These guidelines are based on certain rules described in literature, being followed across various units and modified according to the native need and experience. Protocols are made to standardize the method of care to ensure smooth running of routine and emergency activities and successful replication of results by the followers. The team should agree to work in accordance with the current protocol and should not deviate from it except advised otherwise by the consultant as per the need of the situation.

Protocols provide a framework for working in different scenarios. This standardization of practice reduces variation in the treatment of patients and improves the quality of care. Protocol based care can help reduce errors in treatment and outcomes. Variations between planned and actual care may still occur as clinical judgements vary to meet the needs of patients. These variations should be brought forward and discussed in the team so that necessary changes can be made in the unit protocol.

This protocol book-cum-educational manual is written for the new members for induction into the team and old members as a reference guide. The protocols may vary from unit to unit but basic principles remain same. The book is basically an educational tool on useful ICU topics and a compilation of commonly agreed protocols of various units. Figures of ECG and X-ray are taken from random sources without revealing identities. I hope the book finds its purpose in guiding paediatric cardiac intensive care teams.

Dr. Ramkinkar Shastri
Handbook on Novel Coronavirus: What You Need to Know?
Authors: Khaleel Dr. Md.
Published: March 2024

Key Features:

The handbook brings you a collection of meticulously chosen topics on latest advances in diagnosing and managing coronavirus.
Each topic has been reviewed by the subject reviewers who have added their prevailing knowledge, valued each area in the hospital and the community.
Each topic is accompanied by key messages, expressing valid and authentic information in view of ICMR, WHO, MOHFW, Govt. of India.
A must read for physician, infection control practitioners, medical students, nurses, hospital administrators, laboratory personnel.
Comparative analysis of direct laryngoscopy and video laryngoscopy performance by medical students in simulated airway management scenarios
Authors: Abna P K  , Muhamed Luqman , Parapurath Devdas
Published: March 2024

This study aims to compare the effectiveness of video laryngoscopes and Macintosh laryngoscopes for intubation by novices in a mannequin model.

This study was conducted at our institution- Karuna Medical College, Hospital. A total of 50 house surgeons were included in this study. All 50 participants intubated on the airway trainer using a video laryngoscope and a conventional method using a Macintosh laryngoscope. Group A: Video laryngoscopy, Group B: Conventional Laryngoscopy. The following parameters such as – time taken to visualize vocal cords, time taken to intubate, POGO scoring, ease of intubation, etc. were recorded.

Video laryngoscope performed better in terms of time-related metrics, glottis visibility, and injury prevention to lip and teeth. Both devices had a similar ease of intubation and number of attempts. The results provide evidence supporting the advantages of the video laryngoscope in certain aspects of intubation procedures.

The video laryngoscope had several benefits over the Macintosh laryngoscope, such as top quality visualization of airway structures and an easier intubation process for novices. The video laryngoscope provides superior visualization of the larynx, requires fewer external adjustments, and reduces the number of intubation attempts compared to direct laryngoscopy using a Macintosh blade.
A retrospective review of effectiveness of ERAS post-operative pain protocol in hip replacement surgeries under general anaesthesia at a tertiary orthopaedic hospital
Authors: Dabbeghatta Shashidhar
Published: March 2024

: The concept of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) was first introduced in 1997 by a group of European surgeons led by Henrik Kehlet.

The ERAS concept was introduced to target the factors delaying post-operative recovery such as organ dysfunction, surgical stress and to improve the surgical outcomes and length of stay at the hospital. The primary aim of this approach is to reduce the body’s response to surgical stress by implementing a multidisciplinary, multitude of interventions in a coordinated clinical pathway. It was first implemented for colorectal surgeries to improve the post-surgical recovery rates by decreasing the post-operative ileus and thereby reducing the cost and length of hospital stay. Since the successful introduction of the program, ERAS has been used in several other specialties such as breast, urological, gynaecological, and musculoskeletal procedures. Off-late ERAS has become important in orthopaedic surgeries, particularly elective hip and knee arthroplasties.

A retrospective review audit was conducted at tertiary Orthopaedic NHS Hospital to determine the effectiveness of ERAS post-operative pain protocol in patients who had primary hip arthroplasty under general anaesthesia. The qualitative and quantitative data included the length of stay at the hospital and default rates in the ERAS pain protocol. The length of stay at the hospital in ERAS compliant group was a mean of 3.95 days and in ERAS default group was 4.7 days, showing an increase of 16% in the total duration. The IV PCA group had 4.6 days of the average length of stay.

: ERAS pathway advocates for using opioid-sparing multimodal analgesia to control pain, peripheral nerve blocks (single-shot/continuous), and local infiltration /peri-articular injections have become a better alternative to opioids in controlling the immediate post-surgical pain effectively. There is clear evidence to suggest that these techniques can improve patient outcomes and decrease the duration of stay.
Neuroprotective effects of acteoside in a glaucoma mouse model by targeting Serta domain-containing protein 4
Authors:   Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China, Hao Hui-Jie , Yu Bo ,   Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China, Liu Xun ,   Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China, Zhang Yan ,   Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China, Xing Xiao-Li ,   Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China
Published: March 2024

AIM: To explore the therapeutic effect and main molecular mechanisms of acteoside in a glaucoma model in DBA/2J mice.
METHODS: Proteomics was used to compare the differentially expressed proteins of C57 and DBA/2J mice. After acteoside administration in DBA/2J mice, anterior segment observation, intraocular pressure (IOP) monitoring, electrophysiology examination, and hematoxylin and eosin staining were used to analyze any potential effects. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays were used to verify the proteomics results. Furthermore, retinal ganglion cell 5 (RGC5) cell proliferation was assessed with cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assays. Serta domain-containing protein 4 (Sertad4) mRNA and protein expression levels were measured by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively.
RESULTS: Proteomics analysis suggested that Sertad4 was the most significantly differentially expressed protein. Compared with the saline group, the acteoside treatment group showed decreased IOP, improved N1-P1 wave amplitudes, thicker retina, and larger numbers of cells in the ganglion cell layer (GCL). The IHC results showed that Sertad4 expression levels in DBA/2J mice treated with acteoside were significantly lower than in the saline group. Acteoside treatment could improve RGC5 cell survival and reduce the Sertad4 mRNA and protein expression levels after glutamate injury.
CONCLUSION: Sertad4 is differentially expressed in DBA/2J mice. Acteoside can protect RGCs from damage, possibly through the downregulation of Sertad4, and has a potential use in glaucoma treatment.
Proteomic study of vitreous in proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients after treatment with aflibercept: a quantitative analysis based on 4D label-free technique
Authors:   Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300020, China, Feng Ting-Ting , Liang An-Ran ,   Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Jining No.1 People’s Hospital, Jining 272011, Shandong Province, China, Zhao Bo-Wen ,   Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300020, China, He Guang-Hui ,   Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300020, China, Chen Song ,   Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300020, China
Published: March 2024

AIM: To identify different metabolites, proteins and related pathways to elucidate the causes of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and resistance to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs, and to provide biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of PDR.
METHODS: Vitreous specimens from patients with diabetic retinopathy were collected and analyzed by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses based on 4D label-free technology. Statistically differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway representation and protein interactions were analyzed.
RESULTS: A total of 12 samples were analyzed. The proteomics results showed that a total of 58 proteins were identified as DEPs, of which 47 proteins were up-regulated and 11 proteins were down-regulated. We found that C1q and tumor necrosis factor related protein 5 (C1QTNF5), Clusterin (CLU), tissue inhibitor of metal protease 1 (TIMP1) and signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) can all be specifically regulated after aflibercept treatment. GO functional analysis showed that some DEPs are related to changes in inflammatory regulatory pathways caused by PDR. In addition, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network evaluation revealed that TIMP1 plays a central role in neural regulation. In addition, CD47/SIRPα may become a key target to resolve anti-VEGF drug resistance in PDR.
CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis is an approach of choice to explore the molecular mechanisms of PDR. Our data show that multiple proteins are differentially changed in PDR patients after intravitreal injection of aflibercept, among which C1QTNF5, CLU, TIMP1 and SIRPα may become targets for future treatment of PDR and resolution of anti-VEGF resistance.
Systematic bibliometric analysis of research hotspots and trends on the application of premium IOLs in the past 2 decades
Authors:   Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300020, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300020, China, Li Liang-Pin , Mao De-Shen ,   Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China, Hua Xia ,   Tianjin Aier Eye Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300190, China, Yuan Xiao-Yong ,   Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300020, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300020, China
Published: March 2024

AIM: To analysis of research hotspots and trends on the application of premium intraocular lens (PIOLs) in the past 2 decades.
METHODS: The literature search was performed on the Web of Science and included PIOLs studies published between January 2000 and December 2022. The retrieved literature was collated and analyzed by R-tool’s Bibliometrix package, CitNetExplorer, CiteSpace and other software.
RESULTS: A total of 1801 articles about PIOLs were obtained, most of which were published in Spain and the United States. The organization that published the most articles was the University of Valencia in Spain. Alió JL, and Montés-Micó R, from Spain were the most influential authors in this field. The Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery and Journal of Refractive Surgery were the core journals for this field; the top 10 cited articles mainly focus on postoperative satisfaction with multifocal intraocular lens (IOLs) and postoperative results of toric IOLs. Through the keyword analysis, we found that trifocal IOLs, astigmatism and extended depth of focus (EDoF) IOLs are the most discussed topics at present, and the importance of astigmatism and the clinical application of the new generation of PIOLs are the emerging research trends.
CONCLUSION: Bibliometric analysis can effectively help to identify multilevel concerns in PIOLs research and the prevailing research trends in the realm of PIOLs encompass the adoption of EDoF IOLs, trifocal IOLs, and their respective Toric models.
Análisis del índice de claridad atmosférica diaria en la ciudad de Puno, 2014-2021
Authors: Quispe Huaman Lelia
Published: March 2024

El índice de claridad atmosférica es un parámetro óptico que resulta de la relación de la radiación solar global y la extraterrestre; dicha relación indica el estado atmosférico de una zona, las condiciones y características climáticas y su cambio en el transcurso del tiempo. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar el índice de claridad atmosférica en Puno desde enero del 2014 hasta diciembre del 2021, exceptuando el 2016 por ausencia de datos registrados. La radiación solar global se midió con el piranómetro Kipp & Zonen CMP11 del Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología - Zonal Puno en diferentes condiciones de cielo: muy soleado, soleado, parcialmente nublado y nublado. Según los resultados, el 39,138 % de los días fueron muy soleados, el 25,636 % soleados, el 34,873 % parcialmente nublados y el 0,313 % nublados, con variaciones en el índice de claridad atmosférica de 0,755-, 990, 0,645-0,754, 0,263-0,644 y 0-0,242, respectivamente, y un promedio de radiación solar global de 6,624 kWh/m2. En conclusión, este índice de claridad atmosférica es óptimo para la observación astronómica, la aviación y la implementación de los sistemas fotovoltaicos orientados a mitigar la contaminación antropogénica en el medio ambiente de la ciudad y la región de Puno.
A Study on Green Marketing Practices of Quick Service Restaurants at Bengaluru
Authors: Sreenath Sumithra , Anusha K. , Buthello Macwin
Published: March 2024

Eating out is one of most liked habits of human community worldwide. In today’s scenario, going out and eating food is considered a favourite activity, people celebrate life events like birthdays, anniversaries, and family get-togethers, and spend quality time enjoying the ambiance, and special delicacies made by expert chefs. There is also specific reason like friend meetings, and formal and informal meetings happen at restaurants. Themed cafes are popular like “a lot of things happen over a cup of coffee” café coffee day, Star Bucks where the general public sits and works with laptops, discusses official/unofficial matters, and stay for long hours. The present study aims at understanding the consumer perspectives of green practices at quick service restaurants, as the globe is moving towards green initiatives to protect/save the planet for the main kind. It is also well understood that in India, the middle-aged and adolescent segment visits restaurants /cafes more often. The study entirely focuses on examining the Green Practices that are used by Quick Service Restaurants (QSR). The data was collected online by using google forms. The findings land on the perspective that most are using environment-friendly processes in some or the other form.
Upskilling Rural Women for Toy Making through Skill India Movement: With Special Reference to Channapatna Toy Making
Authors: Leelavathi S. , Kumar K. R. Mahesh
Published: March 2024

Upskilling women by empowering them through Women Entrepreneurship. Women Entrepreneur is a person who accepts a challenging role to meet her personal needs and become economically independent. Many women have this quality, but they never got a platform to show their talents and hence, their real abilities are not revealed. Women in India are taking more responsibilities in bringing up children and maintaining a better home with love and affection. At the family level, the task of coordinating various activities in a more effective manner, without feeling the pinch of inconveniences, is being carried out by the women folk. This paper focuses on toy making through upskilling women entrepreneurs in India, especially in toy making industry with special reference to Channapatna toys. Women are equally competent in running businesses but lacks behind, in spite of the women empowerment movement in our country. There are social, cultural, and economic hurdles in the way of women entrepreneurship and the major problem is lack of entrepreneurial environment. In spite of their potential and talent, women are deprived of opportunities, information and education. Some of the major problems identified are women's family obligations, gender inequality, financial problems, low-risk-taking attitude and the male-female competition. The problems of women entrepreneurs can be eradicated by appropriate training, incentives, encouragement and motivation, social recognition of their entrepreneurial abilities, and family moral support. Women are also given proper training on the upliftment of the knowledge regarding the toy making.
Psychological Burden - Pandemic and its Aftermath
Authors: Shetty Rohini G. , Anand Aishwarya
Published: March 2024

On March 11th 2020, the World Health Organization officially declared the outbreak of Coronavirus (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus. Interestingly, Covid -19 affected not only the physical health but also the mental health of people especially, that of the vulnerable student community across the globe. A stable mental state is vital for students to attain tutorial success to fulfill their career aspirations and pursue their profession. The pandemic led to decreasing motivation, concentration, attention span & all social interactions creating an imbalance in student mindset. Anger, aggression, frustration & annoyance were also observed. The continuing pandemic situation calling for social isolation; lockdowns and new methodology of learning thru’ online classes further compounded the problem thereby taking a toll on the mental health of students with visible dysfunctional behavioral patterns during the pandemic and its aftermath. As predicted by experts the psychological burden of Covid-19 is likely to persist for several years and needs detail investigation. This study delves into the common mental health conditions experienced by Management students of Bengaluru.
Assessing the Necessity and Impact of Caste-Based Reservations among the Dravidians
Authors: Hariharan M. , Muthukirthik S.
Published: March 2024

In this study, the Dravidian community's need for and effects of caste-based reservations are investigated. Caste-based reservations, a measure put in place in India to rectify historical societal imbalances, have come under intense scrutiny and controversy. The Dravidian community, a sizable ethnic group in Southern India with a distinctive historical and social setting, is the subject of this study. This study's main goal is to determine if caste-based reservations are still required to solve socioeconomic inequities among Dravidians. To achieve this, a comprehensive analysis of the historical background, policy implementation, and current socio-economic indicators within the Dravidian community is conducted. The study identifies both positive outcomes, such as increased access to education and representation in government, as well as areas requiring continued attention, such as intra-caste disparities and the need for policy refinement. By examining the specific case of the Dravidians, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the effectiveness and necessity of such policies in addressing historical social inequalities.
Hide Text within a Video Using Data Encryption Standard (DES) Technology
Authors: Al-Agaili Abbas Ali Hassan , Hamdan Ali Huda , Naser Hayder A.
Published: March 2024

It is possible to encode a message using one of the encryption algorithms and embed the text within a selected frame from the video, as this is considered a more secure method for handling confidential information. The concealment is deemed unbreakable because the message is encrypted in a manner that prevents decryption, making it challenging to retrieve the hidden text. In this study, Data Encryption Standard (DES) technology was employed to embed the last bits of the chosen video frame using a software-based approach. The frames, decoders, PSNR, and encrypted messages are illustrated in various videos. The results demonstrated minimal impact on the video's accuracy, as concealment occurs in the least significant bits (LSB), preserving the overall precision of the video.
Peningkatan Akurasi Prediksi Cnn-Lstm Dan Cnn-Gru Untuk Mendiagnosa Skizofrenia Melalui Sinyal Eeg
Authors: Cahyadi Gabriel Ekoputra Hartono , Sukemi Sukemi , Rini Dian Palupi
Published: March 2024

AbstrakSkizofrenia adalah gangguan jiwa yang umumnya muncul dalam bentuk halusinasi pendengaran, paranoia, atau cara berbicara dan berpikir yang kacau. Diagnosa penderita Skizofrenia dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan pemeriksaan sinyal EEG. Penelitian ini melakukan analisa perbandingan metode yang terbaik untuk melakukan klasifikasi EEG menggunakan metode Deep Learning (DL). Penulis menggunakan metode 1D Convolutional Neural Network (1D CNN) yang menggunakan layer berbeda. 1D-CNN pertama menggunakan layer Long short-term memory (LSTM) dan 1D-CNN kedua menggunakan layer Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU). Dataset yang digunakan adalah 28 jenis sinyal EEG yang terdiri dari 14 penderita Skizofrenia dan 14 subjek normal. Hasil pengujian akurasi F1 Score dari CNN yang menggunakan layer LSTM memiliki nilai sebesar 95% dan CNN yang menggunakan layer GRU memiliki nilai 96%. Pengujian kedua metode tersebut menunjukkan bahwa nilai dari CNN-GRU lebih besar dari CNN-LSTM.