bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prospective Observational Study Comparing Calcium and Sodium Levofolinate in Combination with 5-Fluorouracil in the FOLFIRI Regimen
Authors: Passardi Alessandro , Monti Manlio , Donati Caterina , Foca Flavia , Pagan Flavia , Rapposelli Ilario , Ruscelli Silvia , Bartolini Giulia , Valgiusti Martina , Matteucci Laura , Sullo Francesco , Sbaffi Stefania , Crudi Laura , Frassineti Giovanni Luca , Masini Carla
Published: March 2021

Lessons Learned

Background

The objectives of this study were to compare the safety profiles of sodium levofolinate (Na-Lev) and calcium levofolinate (Ca-Lev) in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in the FOLFIRI regimen and to measure the organizational impact of the introduction of Na-Lev on drug production and administration.

Methods

The study opened in November 2015 and closed in August 2019. Patients with gastrointestinal cancers who were candidates for treatment with the FOLFIRI regimen were included in this nonrandomized study. Age ≥18 years, life expectancy <3 months, adequate bone marrow reserve, adequate hepatic and renal function, and an ECOG performance status of 0–2 were required. Patients in the Ca-Lev arm received a 2-hour infusion of Ca-Lev followed by 5-FU, whereas those in the Na-Lev arm received Na-Lev and 5-FU administered in a single 48-hour pump.

Results

Sixty patients were enrolled, 30 in each arm. Patient characteristics were balanced. Grade (G)1–2 adverse events occurred in 18 (60.0%) and 19 (63.4%) patients of Na-Lev and Ca-Lev cohorts, respectively, whereas G3–4 adverse events occurred in 12 (40.0%) and 11 (36.6%) patients, respectively. The use of Na-Lev enabled us to save approximately 13 minutes for drug preparation and 2 hours for treatment administration, per patient per cycle.

Conclusion

Na-Lev showed a reassuring toxicity profile and a favorable impact on drug preparation and administration.
Non‐rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas diagnosed in patients at a young age. An overview of clinical, pathological, and molecular findings
Authors: Renzi Samuele , Cullinan Noelle , Cohen‐Gogo Sarah , Langenberg‐Ververgaert Karin , Michaeli Orli , Alkendi Jalila , Kanwar Nisha , Lo Winnie , Villani Anita , Shlien Adam , Malkin David , Ryan Anne L. , Gallinger Bailey , Ingley Katrina , Hopyan Sevan , Gupta Abha , Chami Rose
Published: March 2021

Objective

Disease spectrum in pediatric sarcoma differs substantially from adults. We report a cohort of very young children with non‐rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcoma (NRSTS) detailing their molecular features, treatment, and outcome.

Methods

We report features of consecutive children (age <2 years) with NRSTS (2000–2017). Archival pathological material was re‐reviewed, with additional molecular techniques applied where indicated.

Results

Twenty‐nine patients (16 females, 55%) were identified (median age 6 months; range 0–23). Most common diagnoses included infantile fibrosarcoma (IFS, n = 14, 48%), malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT, n = 4, 14%), and undifferentiated sarcoma (n = 4, 14%). Twenty‐seven of 29 (93%) had tumor molecular characterization to confirm diagnosis. Clinical presentation included a swelling/mass (n = 23, 79%). Disease extent was localized (n = 20, 69%), locoregional (n = 6, 21%), or metastatic (n = 3, 10%). Seventeen of 29 (59%) who underwent surgery achieved complete resection (R0). Other treatments included conventional chemotherapy (n = 26, 90%), molecularly targeted therapies (n = 3, 10%), and radiation (n = 5, 17%). At last follow‐up (median 3 years; range 0.3–16.4), 23 (79%) were alive, disease‐free and six (21%) had died of disease. All patients with IFS were alive and all those with MRT died. A cancer predisposition syndrome (CPS) was confirmed in three of 10 (30%) genetically tested patients.

Conclusion

We recommend tumor molecular characterization in all young patients including evaluation for CPS to optimize treatment options and prognostication.
Quality of life is an important indication for second‐line treatment in children with immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Shimano Kristin A. , Neunert Cindy , Bussel James B. , Klaassen Robert J. , Bhat Rukhmi , Pastore Yves D. , Lambert Michele P. , Bennett Carolyn M. , Despotovic Jenny M. , Forbes Peter , Grace Rachael F.
Published: March 2021

Background

The decision to initiate second‐line treatment in children with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is complex and involves many different factors.

Methods

In this prospective, observational, longitudinal cohort study of 120 children from 21 centers, the factors contributing to the decision to start second‐line treatments for ITP were captured. At study entry, clinicians were given a curated list of 12 potential reasons the patient required a second‐line treatment. Clinicians selected all that applied and ranked the top three reasons.

Results

Quality of life (QOL) was the most frequently cited reason for starting a second‐line therapy. Clinicians chose it as a reason to treat in 88/120 (73%) patients, as among the top three reasons in 68/120 (57%), and as the top reason in 32/120 (27%). Additional factors ranked as the top reason to start second‐line treatment included severity of bleeding (22/120, 18%), frequency of bleeding (19/120, 16%), and severity of thrombocytopenia (18/120, 15%). Patients for whom QOL (p = .006) or sports participation (p = .02) were ranked reasons were more likely to have chronic ITP, whereas those for whom severity (p = .003) or frequency (p = .005) of bleeding were ranked reasons were more likely to have newly diagnosed or persistent ITP. Parental anxiety, though rarely the primary impetus for treatment, was frequently cited (70/120, 58%) as a contributing factor.

Conclusion

Perceived QOL is the most frequently selected reason pediatric patients start second‐line therapies for ITP. It is critical that studies of treatments for childhood ITP include assessments of their effects on QOL.
Impact of nanoclay loading on the structural, thermal and dielectric properties of montmorillonite/polypropylene nanocomposites
Authors: Ben Ammar Latifa , Hammami Helmi , Fakhfakh Slim , Taktak Sirine
Published: March 2021

The morphological, thermal and electrical properties of nanocomposites based on polypropylene (PP) filled with 2 wt% and 6 wt% of organo‐clay montmorillonite (MMT) were studied in this research. X‐ray diffraction show an increase of the inter‐lamellar distance indicating that PP chains have been well intercalated in the galleries of the montmorillonite. Transmission electron microscopy images show a good dispersion of the nanoclay with orientation parallel to the film surface. Moreover, it is also noted that an improvement in PP/MMT nanoclay interfacial adhesion with better orientation is achieved in PP2% compared to PP6%. The study of the real, ε′, and imaginary, ε″, parts of the complex permittivity shows the presence of the αc relaxation process and an interfacial polarization only in the cases of the PP2% and PP6% nanocomposites. We note a change in the activation energy value Ea(MWS) in regard to the variation of the dielectric strength parameter ∆ε(MWS). The PP2% nanocomposite has the highest value of Ea=1.027 eV, which agrees with the lowest value of ∆ε(MWS), then decreases with PP6% to the value Ea=0.962 eV. This difference reflects the highest interactions between the reinforcement (MMT nanoclay) and the matrix (PP) in the case of PP2% nanocomposite proving a good adhesion between PP matrix and MMT nanoclay and more rigid interface compared to the nanocomposite PP6%.
Interface thermal resistance and thermal conductivity of polymer composites at different types, shapes, and sizes of fillers: A review
Authors: Jasmee Solehah , Omar Ghazali , Othaman Siti Syahirah Che , Masripan Nor Azmmi , A. Hamid Husna
Published: March 2021

The growing demand toward miniaturization and power device packaging required new die‐attach materials with high thermal conductivity (TC). Multitudinous attention is being paid to enhance the TC of thermally conductive polymer composites as it is easy to fabricate and environmentally friendly and has low‐cost processability. However, after years of extensive research, it can be concluded that reinforcing different morphologies of fillers (types, sizes, and shapes) into polymer composite creates interfacial thermal resistance (ITR) that greatly constrains the TC value. Thus, this article presents an exhaustive review in minimizing the ITR effect by optimizing the types, sizes, and shapes of the fillers used. This literature also seeks to review the use of different morphologies of fillers in single and hybrid polymer composites. It was found that hybridizing two different fillers shows remarkable TC enhancement due to its synergistic effect and formation of three‐dimensional network/conduction path. The size and shape of fillers used play a vital role in improving the TC of the polymer composite compared with the type of filler used due to more contact area created, which significantly reduces the ITR. The results presented here may facilitate improvement in the development of future work for new die attach of the thermally conductive polymer composite.
Proteomics reveals the potential mechanism of Mrps35 controlling Listeria monocytogenes intracellular proliferation in macrophages
Authors: Yuan Jiangbei , Li Zhangfu , Li Fang , Lin Zewei , Yao Siyu , Zhou Hang , Liu Wenhu , Yu Haili , Liu Yang , Liu Fang , Li Fei , Ran Haiying , Zhang Junying , Huang Yi , Fu Qihuan , Wang Liting , Liu Jikui
Published: March 2021

Macrophages are sentinels in the organism which can resist and destroy various bacteria through direct phagocytosis. Here, we reported that expression level of mitochondrial ribosomal protein S35 (Mrps35) continued to decrease over infection time after Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) infected macrophages. Our results indicated that knockdown Mrps35 increased the load of L. monocytogenes in macrophages. This result supported that Mrps35 played the crucial roles in L. monocytogenes infection. Moreover, we performed the comprehensive proteomics to analyze the differentially expressed protein of wild type and Mrps35 Knockdown Raw264.7 cells by L. monocytogenes infection over 6 h. Based on the results of mass spectrometry, we presented a wide variety of hypotheses about the mechanism of Mrps35 controlling the L. monocytogenes intracellular proliferation. Among them, experiments confirmed that Mrps35 and 60S ribosomal protein L22‐like 1 (Rpl22l1) were a functional correlation or potentially a compensatory mechanism during L. monocytogenes infection. This study provided new insights into understanding that L. monocytogenes infection changed the basic synthesis or metabolism‐related proteins of host cells.
Functionalized acrylic polyhydroxy urethanes as molecular tool box for photocurable thermosets and 3D printing
Authors: Buchheit Hannah , Bruchmann Bernd , Stoll Klaus , Mülhaupt Rolf
Published: March 2021

Liquid urethane (meth)acrylates represent attractive components of photocurable thermosets for applications ranging from coatings and adhesives to 3D printing. Herein we tailor liquid polyfunctional urethane methacrylates (UMA) derived from acrylic polyhydroxy urethanes. Cyclic carbonate methacrylates react with diamines to form dihydroxy‐functional urethane dimethacrylates. In an “one‐pot” process the hydroxy groups are functionalized either by reaction with 2‐isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (IEMA) or by esterification with methacrylic anhydride (MAA) and acetic anhydride (AA). The hydroxy group esterification substantially lowers the resin viscosity (26–156 Pa•s). Hydroxy functionalization with IEMA and MAA affords tetrafunctional methacrylates. The corresponding photo‐cured thermosets exhibit higher crosslinking density and improved stiffness as reflected by increasing the Young's modulus from 2900 to 3700 MPa combined with increasing the glass temperature from 135 to 204°C. Hence, this facile molecular UMA design enables to control functionality and thermoset properties over a wide range and meets the demands of 3D printing applications.
Impact of different image guidance schedules in head and neck irradiation: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Bhatia Jatin Vinod , Kothavade Vikas Digambar , Ramachandran Vinoth Kumar
Published: March 2021

Objective

Is daily image‐guided radiation therapy justified for all patients? Here, we attempt to address this issue and present data obtained from various frequencies.

Methods

All consecutive head and neck cancer patients receiving radiation with curative intent and daily image‐guided radiation therapy using kV cone beam computed tomography scans were eligible. Displacements in the medial–lateral, superior–inferior (SI), and anterior–posterior directions were documented daily. The retrospectively simulated scenarios with reducing frequency were 50%, 30%, 20%, and 10%. The mean displacements, systematic errors, random errors, and planning target volume margins were calculated.

Results

A total of 831 cone beam computed tomography scans of 31 patients were analyzed, showing normally distributed mean displacements in the medial–lateral, SI, and anterior–posterior direction, except in SI for daily format. The mean displacements in the three directions was <0.1 cm, reflected in the systematic errors (<0.2 cm). In the SI direction, the random errors for daily format were 0.7 cm and 0.2 cm for simulated scenarios; these differences were demonstrated in planning target volume margin calculation, 1 cm in the SI direction based on daily data, and 0.5 cm based on simulated scenarios. The margin estimation was similar in the other directions for all formats.

Conclusion

The errors were similar across all scenarios, inconclusive of superiority for any schedule; however, a higher random error was observed with daily format in the SI direction. Our findings further validate the need for more data to determine the optimum image‐guided radiation therapy frequency.
Evaluation of hepatic findings by magnetic resonance after use of gadoxetic acid
Authors: de Almeida Marina Cabral , Netto Raphael Oliveira Ramos Franco , de Melo João Italo Fortaleza , Fernandes Victor Augusto Ramos , Manfredini Rebecca Corrêa , Dutra Luiz Dias
Published: March 2021

Objective

To evaluate the use of post‐contrast sequences using a hepatospecific contrast medium (gadoxetic acid) in patients with suspected liver nodules or masses, and to identify and describe the main findings in these images.

Methods

We performed a retrospective study with 67 outpatients, who underwent abdominal magnetic resonance examination with injection of disodium gadoxetate to investigate suspicious nodules or masses. The patients were submitted to the examination on medical request.

Results

The mean age was 41 ± 11.59 years. The most frequent histological types were focal nodular hyperplasia (31.3%), hemangioma (31.3%), and adenoma (22.4%). In focal nodular hyperplasia and adenoma, there was a greater distribution of hypointense and hyperintense enhancement in the pre‐contrast phase. Isointense enhancement was much more prevalent in the arterial, portal, equilibrium, and hepatobiliary phases 15–20. In hemangiomas, hypointense enhancement was prominent in all phases.

Conclusion

Based on the behavior of liver injuries in this study after the use of the substance studied, it allowed for a better characterization of liver injuries, which can contribute to the medical practice at the time of clinical diagnosis.
A novel sustained‐release cysteamine bitartrate formulation for the treatment of cystinosis: Pharmacokinetics and safety in healthy male volunteers
Authors: Berends Cécile L. , Pagan Lisa , van Esdonk Michiel J. , Klarenbeek Naomi B. , Bergmann Kirsten R. , Moerland Matthijs , van der Wel Vincent , de Visser Saco J. , Büller Hans , de Loos Frans , de Vries Wouter S. , Waals Hans , de Leede Leo G. J. , Burggraaf Jacobus , Kamerling Ingrid M. C.
Published: March 2021

The strict intake regimen of cysteamine bitartrate formulations, associated with side effects, is a concern for the treatment compliance in cystinosis therapy. Therefore, there is a need for a cysteamine formulation with an improved pharmacokinetic profile. This study investigated the pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of a new sustained‐release cysteamine dosage form, PO‐001, in healthy volunteers. This was a randomized, investigator‐blinded, three‐way cross‐over study to compare single doses (600 mg) of PO‐001 with Cystagon® (immediate‐release) and Procysbi® (delayed‐release). Collected blood samples were analyzed for plasma cysteamine concentrations and pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by noncompartmental analysis. In addition, plasma cysteamine concentrations were analyzed using a population pharmacokinetic approach using NONMEM®. Pharmacokinetics showed clear sustained‐release characteristics of PO‐001 over time with a lower Cmax and longer Tmax compared to Cystagon® and Procysbi®. All treatment‐emergent adverse events were of mild severity, with the exception of two subjects who reported moderate severity gastrointestinal problems including vomiting and diarrhea, which were related to Cystagon® intake. Population PK simulations showed a favourable PK profile based on Cmax and Ctrough concentrations at steady state. In conclusion, a single dose of 600 mg PO‐001 was well tolerated with no findings of clinical concern. This new cysteamine bitartrate formulation showed pharmacokinetics of a sustained‐release formulation, which may be beneficial for the treatment of cystinosis patients. This study supports advancing this type of sustained‐release formulation into a subsequent study to confirm reduced dosing frequency with efficient control of white blood cells (WBCs) cystine levels. Netherlands Trial Registry (NTR) (NL67638.056.18).
A stable polyamine‐modified zein‐based nanoformulation with high foliar affinity and lowered toxicity for sustained avermectin release
Authors: Chen Long , Lin Yuanxiong , Zhou Hongjun , Hao Li , Chen Huayao , Zhou Xinhua
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND

A large amount of pesticides that are not deposited on desired locations due to drift and rolling, endangering the ecological environment and human health. Therefore, it is urgent to develop environmentally friendly and foliar affinity formulations. The design and construction of pesticide nano‐delivery system is considered to be an effective way to solve this problem.

RESULTS

In this research, polyamine‐modified zein (AM‐zein) was synthesized by incorporating ethylenediamine‐terminated polyethyleneimine into zein to improve its stability as a nanocarrier, enhance electrostatic force between the carrier and pesticides and plant foliage. Avermectin (AVM)‐loaded nanoparticles, containing a high positive charge, were prepared by the anti‐solvent method using AM‐zein as carrier. The nanoparticles can be stored for 30 days without any significant change in the particle size and stably dispersed at pH 5–9. Compared to the commercial emulsifiable concentrate (EC), nanoparticles dispersions exhibited better leaf affinity, and the retention of dispersion increased from 7.82 to 13.86 mg/cm2. Interestingly, we have discovered for the first time that the ultraviolet (UV) barrier effect of zein increases while prolonging the UV exposure time; 30.47% of the encapsulated AVM remained intact after exposure to UV for 60 min, compared to only 17.13% for the EC. Insecticidal activity of AVM nanoparticles did not improve compared to EC, but they demonstrated significantly lower toxicity against zebrafish.

CONCLUSION

This research opens up a new idea for improving the stability of zein nanoparticles, providing a novel path to deliver pesticides efficiently and eco‐friendly. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Ferroelectric Domain Structures in Monoclinic (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 Epitaxial Thin Films
Authors: Luo Jin , Liu Lisha , Zhang Su-Wei , Li Jing-Feng
Published: March 2021

Ferroelectric domain walls (DWs) are an important feature of ferroelectric materials and play a vital role in the ferroelectric materials, where charged DWs are a focus of extensive research due to their unique interfacial properties. Herein, epitaxial (K,Na)NbO3 (KNN)‐based thin films are prepared by a sol–gel method, and the monoclinic MC structure of the thin film is confirmed. Stripe‐shaped domain patterns with head‐to‐head and tail‐to‐tail charged DWs in the (110)pc and (1¯10)pc planes are observed in the KNN‐based epitaxial thin film. Although the screening of the bound charges in the charged DWs inevitably increases the energy of the system, the charged DWs in the KNN‐based epitaxial thin film are stabilized by the lattice mismatch strain between the thin film and the substrate. These interesting findings should shed light on the exploration of the functional charged DWs by strain engineering.
Environmental and spatial drivers of oligochaeta metacommunities structure along the Paraguay‐Paraná fluvial system
Authors: Saigo Miguel , Marchese Mercedes R.
Published: March 2021

The metacommunity theory is a framework that explains the interdependence of local factors and regional processes as community drivers. In rivers, it has been hypothesized that the metacommunity structure and the relative importance of dispersal and local environmental conditions may vary from headwaters toward lowlands. The aims of this study were (1) to analyze the benthic metacommunity structure along the longitudinal dimension of the Paraguay‐Paraná system, and (2) to assess the relative importance of dispersal (spatial structure) and niche‐based processes as drivers of these structures. We used data of oligochaetes assemblages in the studied system and analyzed the Elements of Metacommunity Structure in different river sections. Moreover, we performed a variance partitioning analysis to determine the relative importance of spatial and environmental variables. In the upper section, we found a gradient structure (Gleasonian) and in the lower section we found random and quasi‐Clementsian structures. Similarly, environmental variables were the main structuring factor in the upper section while spatial variables were more important in the delta. The present study provides evidence that metacommunity structure and the underlying mechanisms that shape it, change along the longitudinal dimension of a large South American River. However, we emphasize the necessity of further studies assessing other taxonomic groups and other large South American Rivers.
The Impact of Precursor Ratio on the Synthetic Production, Surface Chemistry, and Photovoltaic Performance of CsPbI3 Perovskite Quantum Dots
Authors: Qian Yuli , Shi Yao , Shi Guangyi , Shi Guozheng , Zhang Xuliang , Yuan Lin , Zhong Qixuan , Liu Yang , Wang Yao , Ling Xufeng , Li Fangchao , Cao Muhan , Li Shaojuan , Zhang Qiao , Liu Zeke , Ma Wanli
Published: March 2021

Lead‐halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have attracted substantial attention due to their great potential in solution‐processed optoelectronic applications. The current synthetic method mostly relies on the binary‐precursor strategy, which significantly restricts the reaction yield and elemental regulation, leading to extremely high material cost. Herein, a more versatile ternary‐precursor method to investigate the effect of the precursor ratios on the synthetic production, surface chemistry, and photovoltaic performance of CsPbI3 QDs is explored. It is revealed that a decreased Pb/Cs feeding ratio can largely increase the reaction yield, whereas a reduced Pb/I ratio can improve the surface termination and optical properties of the resultaning CsPbI3 QDs. After rational tuning of the synthetic protocol, the reaction yield can be improved more than 7.5 times and the material cost can be reduced from 303 $ g−1 to as low as 42 $ g−1 compared to the conventional binary‐precursor method. In addition, the photovoltaic device using these QDs exhibits an efficiency close to the reported state‐of‐the‐art ones. It is believed that this scalable and low‐cost preparation of CsPbI3 QDs provides new insight into the future commercialization of perovskite QDs‐based optoelectronics.
Enhancing Photovoltaic Performances of Naphthalene‐Based Unfused‐Ring Electron Acceptors upon Regioisomerization
Authors: Zhang Xin , Wei Yanan , Liu Xingzheng , Qin Linqing , Yu Na , Tang Zheng , Wei Zhixiang , Shi Qinqin , Peng Aidong , Huang Hui
Published: March 2021

Isomeric effects play a crucial role in regulating electronic properties, molecular packing, and device performance of organic semiconductors. Herein, a series of unfused‐ring electron acceptor (UREA) regioisomers (NOF‐1, NOF‐2, and NOF‐3), which are constructed using 2,6‐α‐, 1,5‐β‐, and 3,7‐β‐type naphthalene cores, are successfully synthesized and characterized. The regioisomeric effects on geometries, photophysics, electrical properties, molecular packing behaviors, charge transport properties, blend film morphologies, and photovoltaic performance are systematically studied. As a result, the PBDB‐T:NOF‐3‐based device delivers a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.58% due to its more balanced charge mobility, efficient exciton dissociation, less charge recombination, and favorable film morphology. These findings encourage further attention to the regioisomeric effects to design high‐performance UREAs.
Nitrogen Vacancy‐Induced Deposition of Pd Nanoparticles onto g‐C3N4 with Greatly Improved Photocatalytic Activity in H2 Evolution
Authors: Yao Yuan , Ren Guangmin , Li Zizhen , Bai Hongcun , Hu Xiude , Meng Xiangchao
Published: March 2021

C3N4 exhibits excellence in photocatalytic water splitting. However, some hindrances should be overcome before its wide application. Herein, nitrogen vacancies (NVs) are successfully introduced in C3N4. As‐fabricated NVs act as targets to induce the deposition of Pd nanoparticles (NPs). Photocatalytic activity in H2 evolution for C3N4 is improved from none to 10.12 μmol h−1 gcat−1 in the presence of NVs, and to 287.94 μmol h−1 gcat−1 with the modifications of both NVs and Pd NPs. The great improvement may be due to that: 1) the formation of NVs can drive up the Fermi level and optimize the band structure of C3N4; 2) the addition of the impure energy level of NV within the bandgap expands the utilization of the solar spectrum; 3) Pd NPs with the surface plasmonic resonance (SPR) effect are capable of absorbing more visible‐light photons; and 4) Pd acts as a reservoir of photogenerated charge carriers, suppressing its recombination. The mechanism of the enhancements is explored in detail and comprehensively discussed in this work.
Influence of Finish Rolling Temperature and Molybdenum Addition on Strengthening of Low Carbon Niobium Steels—A Computational and Experimental Study
Authors: Chakraborty Arnab , Primig Sophie
Published: March 2021

Low C microalloyed steels with a ferritic matrix are attractive for thin sheet applications, because they offer superior stretch formability. Previous approaches to overcome their poor yield strength apply warm deformation in the two‐phase region (γ + α), achieving ultrafine grain sizes. Single‐hit deformation studies of various microalloyed steels highlight the beneficial role of small Mo additions on enhancing ferritic yield strength via interphase nanoprecipitation. However, the detailed role of Mo on grain refinement and precipitation strengthening in industrial‐like schedules for low C microalloyed steels remains unclear. A computational approach for alloy and process design aims at improving ferrite yield strength through lowering finish rolling temperature, and Mo addition is attempted here. Based on modeling results, two compositions (Nb and NbMo) are cast and deformed under plane strain compression with two finish deformation conditions, in the single‐ and two‐phase regions, at 950 and 750 °C. Warm finishing at 750 °C results in an ultrafine polygonal ferrite grain sizes averaging of 1.6 μm (NbMo) and 2.1 μm (Nb). An ultimate tensile strength of >700 MPa is found for the NbMo steel under both finishing conditions, with a maximum yield strength of 484 MPa. The role of Mo on the ferrite morphology and precipitation strengthening is assessed using electron microscopy.
A hybrid solution proposal for precast tunnel segments
Authors: Trabucchi Ivan , Smarslik Mario , Tiberti Giuseppe , Petraroia Diego N. , Plizzari Giovanni A. , Mark Peter
Published: March 2021

The construction of underground structures is playing a relevant role in modern society. As a result of noticeable tunnel boring machine (TBM) evolution, mechanized excavation methods are gaining increased market shares. TBM driven tunnels are generally used in combination with precast concrete segments as the main support system for reducing or minimizing surface disturbances during construction and to fulfill the project requirements with regards to quality, construction times, budget and safety. Within this framework optimization approaches strongly focused on these process parameters, rather than the general structural performance of the segments. However, improving the performance by using conventional reinforcement, High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concretes (HPFRCs) or a combination of such enables a possible reduction of the lining thickness or the amount of reinforcement. To this aim, this paper presents a new hybrid solution for precast tunnel segments with a reduced thickness, which leads to new perspectives in reducing the total amount of concrete, in decreasing the volume of disposal materials from the boring process as well as to minimize the TBM size. A parametric numerical study is developed for evaluating the effectiveness of proposed hybrid solution. The latter is based on high strength reinforced concrete in combination with HPFRC at the longitudinal joints, whose geometric configuration is properly modified to maximize the segment's bearing capacity.
Ligand Effects in Low‐Valent Co(I) Clathrochelate Complexes
Authors: Planes Ophélie Marie , Scopelliti Rosario , Fadaei‐Tirani Farzaneh , Severin Kay
Published: March 2021

Clathrochelate complexes of cobalt are known in the oxidation states I, II, and III. Low‐valent Co(I) complexes are highly reactive compounds, and there is only limited knowledge about their structures in the solid state. Herein, we describe the crystallographic analyses of three low‐valent clathrochelate complexes, along with analyses of the corresponding Co(II) precursors. Two different ligand environments were studied: a) ligands with alkyl substituents, which render the complexes highly reducing, and b) potentially redox non‐innocent ligands. Our analyses show that the ligands have a large effect on the redox potentials, but only a small effect on the geometry and the electronic state of the central Co ion.
Uncertainties in Rainfall and Water Resources in Maghreb Countries Under Climate Change
Authors: Meddi Mohamed , Eslamian Saeid
Published: March 2021

The vulnerability of the climate change in the South of the Mediterranean’s south regions varies depending on the part of their climate which is sensitive to the economy. In Tunisia, agriculture represents 16% of the workforce and 12% of GDP in 2006. In Algeria, agriculture represents 20% of the workforce and 8% of GDP in 2009. In Morocco, agriculture accounts for 40% of the workforce and 17.7% of GDP in 2006. The agriculture is directly related to the availability of water which in turn is directly related to rainfall. The drought has affected all countries of the Maghreb. It is considered the most severe in the history of these countries. The drought has forced the agricultural sector in Morocco to the limitation of annual crops which are not needed, the prohibition of any new tree planting and the ban on vegetable crops in dry years. During the years 1987, 1988, and 1989, Tunisia has experienced the most critical drought. It led to a water deficit of around 30%. For Morocco the rainfall shows a negative trend at national and regional scales, and spring rainfall has declined by over 40% since the 1960s. For Algeria, the western region has recorded a considerable reduction in rainfall. The winter rains have decreased between 40% and 70%. Contributions to dams have decreased between 30% and 50%. These changes had a negative influence on the water resource and crop yield. Many programs have been initiated since then to meet the growing demand.
Developing the Relationship Management Upper Mid-Range Theory
Authors: Deszczyński Bartosz
Published: March 2021

This chapter presents the final proposal of the RM maturity model and proposes a robust framework for the upper RM mid-range theory. The first section synthesizes and explains the mutual connections of distinct RM activities and approaches of an RM-mature firm. A quick test for RM maturity is proposed. The second section introduces the notion of an RM niche, which is needed to explain why moderate proficiency in RM yields no significant advantages and why the relationship between what a company does in terms of RM and achieving a sustainable competitive advantage is highly curvilinear. The universal factors that determine the size of an RM niche and thus the size and scope of RM-mature firms are proposed and discussed. The third section provides eight examples of companies illustrating different facets of RM ‘in motion’ and serves as supplementary qualitative material to study the diverse challenges in managing relationships.
Text und Kontext
Authors: Bednorz David
Published: March 2021

Gesamtüberblick: Die vorliegende Arbeit forciert die Analyse von Texten und die damit in Verbindung stehenden rezeptiven Prozesse. Entsprechend sind eine Klärung und Erörterung des Begriffs Text für den Mathematikunterricht notwendig. Bei der Definition, was als Text verstanden wird, ergeben sich unterschiedliche Kriterien aus der Literatur, die verschiedene Facetten des Begriffs Text aufgreifen (Abschnitt 3.1).
Zielsetzung und Methoden der Studie
Authors: Bednorz David
Published: March 2021

Gesamtüberblick: Das sich aus dem theoretischen Teil ergebene Forschungsinteresse leitet zur Entwicklung eines Instruments zur sprachlichen Variation von Textaufgaben hin, das auf empirisch festgestellten Variationen basiert und spezifische Zielsetzungen verfolgt. Unter der Maßgabe der Entwicklung des Instruments ergeben sich ein auf die Zielsetzung ausgerichtetes Studiendesign und eine Auswahl an Methoden, um das Instrument zu konzeptualisieren. Unter Rückbeziehung des gewählten Verfahrens auf die in der Theorie gegebenen Ansätze, die die Basis für die empirische Studien bilden, ergeben sich Aspekte, die für die empirische Analyse von sprachlichen Variationen zu beachten sind.
Erste quantitative Studie
Authors: Bednorz David
Published: March 2021

Gesamtüberblick: Die erste quantitative Studie verfolgt die in Abschnitt 6.1 genannte dritte Zielsetzung, die Bildung von Faktoren, die die systematischen Variationen der Textmerkmale abbilden. Für das Vorgehen wird zur Analyse der Textmerkmale ein auf die erste quantitative Studie ausgerichtetes Auswertungsverfahren verwendet. Für die Auswertung wird, wie in Abschnitt 4.4 geschildert, ein korpusbasierter Ansatz genutzt und für die empirische Analyse spezifiziert.
Topological or rotational non-Abelian gauge fields from Einstein-Skyrme holography
Authors: Cartwright Casey , Harms Benjamin , Kaminski Matthias
Published: March 2021

Abstract

We report analytically known states at non-zero temperature which may serve as a powerful tool to reveal common topological and thermodynamic properties of systems ranging from the QCD phase diagram to topological phase transitions in condensed matter materials. In the holographically dual gravity theory, these are analytic solutions to a five-dimensional non-linear-sigma (Skyrme) model dynamically coupled to Einstein gravity. This theory is shown to be holographically dual to $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 Super-Yang-Mills theory coupled to an SU(2)-current. All solutions are fully backreacted asymptotically Anti-de Sitter (AdS) black branes or holes. One family of global AdS black hole solutions contains non-Abelian gauge field configurations with positive integer Chern numbers and finite energy density. Larger Chern numbers increase the Hawking-Page transition temperature. In the holographically dual field theory this indicates a significant effect on the deconfinement phase transition. Black holes with one Hawking temperature can have distinct Chern numbers, potentially enabling topological transitions. A second family of analytic solutions, rotating black branes, is also provided. These rotating solutions induce states with propagating charge density waves in the dual field theory. We compute the Hawking temperature, entropy density, angular velocity and free energy for these black holes/branes. These correspond to thermodynamic data in the dual field theory. For these states the energy-momentum tensor, (non-)conserved current, and topological charge are interpreted.
Blocks and vortices in the 3d ADHM quiver gauge theory
Authors: Crew Samuel , Dorey Nick , Zhang Daniel
Published: March 2021

Abstract

We study the hemisphere partition function of a three-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 supersymmetric U(N) gauge theory with one adjoint and one fundamental hypermultiplet — the ADHM quiver theory. In particular, we propose a distinguished set of UV boundary conditions which yield Verma modules of the quantised chiral rings of the Higgs and Coulomb branches. In line with a recent proposal by two of the authors in collaboration with M. Bullimore, we show explicitly that the hemisphere partition functions recover the characters of these modules in two limits, and realise blocks gluing exactly to the partition functions of the theory on closed three-manifolds. We study the geometry of the vortex moduli space and investigate the interpretation of the vortex partition functions as equivariant indices of quasimaps to the Hilbert scheme of points in ℂ2. We also investigate half indices of the ADHM quiver gauge theory in the presence of a line operator and discuss their geometric interpretation. Along the way we find interesting relations between our hemisphere blocks and related quantities in topological string theory and equivariant quantum K-theory.
Is SMEFT enough?
Authors: Cohen Timothy , Craig Nathaniel , Lu Xiaochuan , Sutherland Dave
Published: March 2021

Abstract

There are two canonical approaches to treating the Standard Model as an Effective Field Theory (EFT): Standard Model EFT (SMEFT), expressed in the electroweak symmetric phase utilizing the Higgs doublet, and Higgs EFT (HEFT), expressed in the broken phase utilizing the physical Higgs boson and an independent set of Goldstone bosons. HEFT encompasses SMEFT, so understanding whether SMEFT is sufficient motivates identifying UV theories thatrequireHEFT as their low energy limit. This distinction is complicated by field redefinitions that obscure the naive differences between the two EFTs. By reformulating the question in a geometric language, we derive concrete criteria that can be used to distinguish SMEFT from HEFT independent of the chosen field basis. We highlight two cases where perturbative new physics must be matched onto HEFT: (i) the new particles derive all of their mass from electroweak symmetry breaking, and (ii) there are additional sources of electroweak symmetry breaking. Additionally, HEFT has a broader practical application: it can provide a more convergent parametrization when new physics lies near the weak scale. The ubiquity of models requiring HEFT suggests that SMEFT is not enough.
Printable anisotropic magnetoresistance sensors for highly compliant electronics
Authors: Oliveros Mata Eduardo Sergio , Cañón Bermúdez Gilbert Santiago , Ha Minjeong , Kosub Tobias , Zabila Yevhen , Fassbender Jürgen , Makarov Denys
Published: March 2021

Printed electronics are attractive due to their low-cost and large-area processing features, which have been successfully extended to magnetoresistive sensors and devices. Here, we introduce and characterize a new kind of magnetoresistive paste based on the anisotropic magnetoresistive (AMR) effect. The paste is a composite of 100-nm-thick permalloy/tantalum flakes embedded in an elastomer matrix, which promotes the formation of appropriately conductive percolation networks. Sensors printed with this paste showed stable magnetoresistive properties upon mechanical bending. The AMR value of this sensor is $$0.34\%$$

0.34
%

in the field of 400 mT. Still, the response is stable and allows to resolve sub-mT field steps. When printed on ultra-thin 2.5-$$\upmu \hbox {m}$$

μ
m

-thick Mylar foil, the sensor can be completely folded without losing magnetoresistive performance and mechanically withstand $$20\, \upmu {\hbox {m}}$$

20

μ
m

bending radius. The developed compliant printed AMR sensor would be attractive to implement on curved and/or dynamic bendable surfaces for on-skin applications and interactive printed electronics.
High range of motion in the first ten postoperative days after TKA does not predict superior outcome in the long run
Authors: Köglberger Paul , Wurm Alexander , Coraça-Huber Débora , Krismer Martin , Oberaigner Wilhelm , Liebensteiner Michael
Published: March 2021

Introduction

To retrospectively investigate the early postoperative range of motion (ROM) (days 4, 7, 10) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and to test for associations (a) with long-term outcome in terms of ROM and (b) with a disease-specific knee score.

Materials and methods

A retrospective analysis was performed in patients with previous primary TKA. Data taken from the medical records were ROM from preoperative and postoperative days 4, 7 and 10 and 1 year. As patient-reported outcome the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC Score) was taken from preoperative and one year after TKA.

Results

316 patients (330 knees) were available. Only negligible correlations were determined between ROM at twelve months postoperative and ROM in the early postoperative days (days 4, 7, 10). Similarly, only negligible correlations were determined between ROM in the early postoperative days (days 4, 7, 10) and the 1-year WOMAC.

Conclusion

From the main findings it would seem that steepness of ROM ascent in the early postoperative days is of minor importance for (a) long-term ROM and (b) long-term knee score outcome after TKA.
Investigation of a new method for sound generation – Advanced Digital Sound Reconstruction
Authors: Mayrhofer Dominik , Kaltenbacher Manfred
Published: March 2021

The current loudspeaker market has a high demand for portable audio devices. Hence, the miniaturization of loudspeakers (microspeakers) is of great importance for manufacturers. Traditional loudspeakers – for example the electrodynamic loudspeaker – are the forerunners, but so-called MEMS loudspeakers (Micro-Electro-Mechanical-System) have emerged recently. MEMS devices have already been used for sensors (i.e., microphones) to a great extend due to their advantages regarding form factor and production efficiency. Albeit additional challenges for actuators like moving enough air with a microstructure – as it is the case for a loudspeaker – the usage of MEMS technology for loudspeakers is very attractive.

Since especially low-frequency audio signals often pose problems for microspeakers, this article focuses on a new sound generation technique called Advanced Digital Sound Reconstruction (ADSR) which is especially well-suited for low-frequency audio signals since ADSR can generate more volume displacement relative to its size. Based on a general description of the principle, an outlook of the possibilities regarding achievable sound pressure compared to the classical excitation scheme is derived. Furthermore, measurements are presented, which aim to prove the concept of ADSR based on already existing actuators.
Modifikation eines Modells von Verbindungsmitteln zur Prognose des Schalldämmmaßes von Leichtbaukonstruktionen mittels Finite Elemente-Methode im erweiterten Frequenzbereich
Authors: Neusser Maximilian , Bednar Thomas
Published: March 2021

Die vorliegende Arbeit hat die primäre Zielsetzung, ein leistungsfähiges Berechnungsmodell für die Prognose des Schwingungsverhaltens und damit des Schalldämmmaßes von „leichten“ Baukonstruktionen zu entwickeln. Eine Anwendung der derzeit normativ abgedeckten Verfahren für diese Baukonstruktionen ist ausdrücklich in den betreffenden Regelwerken ausgeschlossen. Die derzeit auf wissenschaftlicher Basis stehenden Berechnungsverfahren bieten im betrachteten Frequenzbereich zwischen 50 Hz und 5000 Hz keine ausreichende Zuverlässigkeit der Prognosequalität in den schalltechnischen Kenngrößen zur Beschreibung des bauakustischen Verhaltens solcher Konstruktionen. Neben den zu erwarteten diffusen Berechnungsergebnissen im unteren Frequenzspektrum ist eine Abbildung der Verbindungsausbildung zwischen Plattenwerkstoff und Tragkonstruktion, die in dem betreffenden Frequenzbereich einen wesentlichen Einfluss aufweisen, nicht möglich. Ebenso ist es daher auch nicht möglich, mittels bestehender Verfahren die Auswirkungen von schwankender Verarbeitungsqualität, wie z. B. den Schraubenanzugsmoment, in die Prognose der Kenngrößen einfließen zu lassen. Das entwickelte Simulationsmodell in der Finite Elemente-Umgebung „COMSOL 5.6“ bietet die Möglichkeit der Berücksichtigung der Parameter Schraubendimensionen, Schraubenabstand, Anzugsmoment und Position der Schrauben auf der Tragkonstruktion. Durch die numerischen Ergebnisse des Prognosemodells können somit die Wechselwirkungen zwischen den unterschiedlichen Wandkomponenten und deren Verbindungselementen untersucht und optimiert werden.
Systematische Untersuchungen zur Funktionsweise des Kantenabsorbers als „Modenbremse“
Authors: Kurz Eric , Graber Gerhard , Weselak Werner
Published: March 2021

Das heutige Wissen über den akustischen Einfluss von Kantenabsorbern auf ein Schallfeld basiert hauptsächlich auf empirischen Erfahrungen. Da es kein rechnerisches Modell für Kantenabsorber gibt, wird diese Art von Absorbern leider nur zögerlich in der raumakustischen Planung eingesetzt.

Dieser Beitrag untersucht das Absorptionsverhalten von Kantenabsorbern systematisch und schlägt einen Ansatz für ein rechnerisches Modell für Kantenabsorber in einfachen Raumgeometrien vor. Für die systematischen Untersuchungen wurde ein modularer Kantenabsorber entwickelt und konstruiert. Im Entwicklungsprozess wurden optimale Parameter für den Strömungswiderstand, das Perforationsverhältnis des Absorbergehäuses und die Schichtdicke des eingebauten porösen Materials gefunden. Durch das Baukastenprinzip des entwickelten Kantenabsorbers ist ein flexibler Aufbau möglich.

Es wurden verschiedene Konfigurationen des modularen Kantenabsorbers im Hallraum gemessen. Das akustische Verhalten des Kantenabsorbers wurde in mehreren Hörsälen ermittelt. Es konnte festgestellt werden, dass die äquivalente Absorptionsfläche pro Längeneinheit sowie die untere Grenzfrequenz des Kantenabsorbers abhängig von der Einbautiefe und der jeweiligen Montagekante des Kantenabsorbers sind. Außerdem ist die Bandbreite für die effektive Absorption von den Abmessungen des Kantenabsorbers abhängig.

Der modulare Kantenabsorber wurde bei einer raumakustischen Sanierung eingesetzt und Vorher-Nachher-Messungen wurden durchgeführt, um die Effektivität des Kantenabsorbers zu bestätigen.