bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KAJIAN PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN INFORMASI GEROMBOL TERHADAP PREDIKSI AREA NIRCONTOH PADA DATA BINOMIAL
Authors: Trianjaya Beny , Kurnia Anang , Soleh Agus M
Published: December 2020

Employment data is one of the important indicators related to the development progress of a country. Labor conditions in the territory of Indonesia can only be compared between times through the Survei Angkatan Kerja Nasional (Sakernas) data. Data generated from Sakernas and published by BPS is the number of employed and unemployed. The obstacle in estimating the semester unemployment rate at the regency/municipality level is the lack of a number of examples. One of the indirect estimates currently developing is small area estimation (SAE). This study developed the generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) by adding cluster information and examines the development of modifications with several model scenarios. The purpose of this study was to develop a prediction model for basic GLMM on a small area approach by adding cluster information as a fixed effect or random effect. The simulation results show that Model-2, a model that adds a fixed effect k-cluster and also adds a mean from the estimated effect of random areas in the sample area, is the best model with the smallest relative bias (RB) and Relative root mean squares error (RRMSE). This model is better than the basic GLMM model (Model-0) and Model-1 (a model which only adds a mean from the estimated random effect area in the sample area). Model-2 is applied to estimate the proportion of unemployed sub-district level in Southeast Sulawesi Province. Estimating the proportion of unemployed with calibration Model-2 produced an estimated aggregation of the unemployment proportion of Southeast Sulawesi Province at 0.0272. These results are similar to BPS (0.0272). Thus, the results of the estimated proportion of unemployment at the sub-district level with a calibration Model-2 can be said to be feasible to use.
DAMPAK KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH TERHADAP PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI D. I. YOGYAKARTA 2001-2017
Authors: Larasati Anissa Dika , Lisna Vera
Published: December 2020

Economic development includes increasing economic growth and alleviating poverty. D.I Yogyakarta is a province with the lowest economic growth and per capita income compared to other provinces in Java. Besides, it has the highest poverty rate. With this condition, it is feared that economic development and economic contribution in D.I Yogyakarta which are relatively low are difficult to increase. This study aims to analyze the simultaneous relationship between indicators of economic development in the province of D.I Yogyakarta, explores the variables that influence it, and perform policy simulations to improve economic development. The indicators used to describe economic growth in this study are Regional Gross Domestic Product (regional GDP), household consumption, and community savings in banks. While the indicators that are used to reflect the poverty level are the percentage of poor people. The estimation method used is simultaneous Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) equation system which consisted of three structural equation and one identity equation using the historical data from the year 2001-2017. The results of the simulation show a 6% increase in government expenditure can improve economic growth to 5.41% and reduce the percentage of poor people by 0.41% points.
PEMODELAN STATISTICAL DOWNSCALING DENGAN LASSO DAN GROUP LASSO UNTUK PENDUGAAN CURAH HUJAN
Authors: Yunus M. , Saefuddin Asep , Soleh Agus M
Published: December 2020

One of the rainfall prediction techniques is the Statistical Downscaling Modeling (SDS). SDS modeling is one of the applications of modeling with covariates conditions that are generally large and not independent. The problems that will be encountered is the problem of ill-conditional data i.e multicollinearity and the high correlation between variables. The case of highly correlated data causes a linear regression coefficient estimators obtained to have a large variance. This research was conducted to make the statistical downscaling modeling using the lasso and group lasso for the prediction of rainfall. Group of the covariate scenario is applied based on the adjacent area, the high correlation between covariates and correlation between covariates and responses, and also the addition of dummy variables. Scenario six (grouping which is done by considering the covariates that have a positive correlation to the response is divided into 3 groups, 1 individual and the covariates that are negatively correlated with the response are divided into 2 groups, 1 individual) is better than the other scenarios in linear modeling without a dummy. Then, linear modeling with a dummy is better than without a dummy for both techniques. In linear modeling with a dummy, the Group lasso technique can be considered more in SDs modeling, because the difference in the RMSEP statistical value and the correlation coefficient value is significant.
Cybersecurity and Cyber Forensics: Machine Learning Approach Systematic Review
Authors: Goni Ibrahim , Gumpy Jerome M. , Maigari Timothy U. , Mohammad Murtala
Published: December 2020

The proliferation of cloud computing and internet of things has led to the connectivity of states and nations (developed and developing countries) worldwide in which global network provide platform for the connection.Digital forensics is a field of computer security that uses software applications and standard guidelines which support the extraction of evidences from any computer appliances which is perfectly enough for the court of law to use and make a judgment based on the comprehensiveness, authenticity and objectivity of the information obtained. Cybersecurity is of major concerned to the internet users worldwide due to the recent form of attacks,threat, viruses, intrusion among others going on every day among internet of things. However, it is noted that cybersecurity is based on confidentiality,integrity and validity of data. The aim of this work is make a systematic review on the application of machine learning algorithms to cybersecurity and cyber forensics and pave away for further research directions on the application of deep learning, computational intelligence, soft computing to cybersecurity and cyber forensics.
MÛSÂ CÂRULLAH BİGİYEF EFENDİ VE İMAN ADLI MAKALESİ
Authors: ÇAM Süleyman
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmada, Osmanlının son dönemlerinde yaşayan Tatar ulemasından Mûsâ Cârullah Bigiyef Efendi’nin hayatı, eserleri ve bazı teolojik görüşlerine yer verilmiştir. Ayrıca iman-amel ilişkisi bağlamında kaleme aldığı “İman” adlı makalesi Kelâm ve Mezhepler Tarihi alanına katkı sağlayabileceği düşüncesiyle sadeleştirilerek değerlendirilmiştir. İman-amel ilişkisi gibi teolojik meseleler, İslâm âleminin değişik dönemlerinde tartışılan kanular arasında yer alır. Bu konu ilk defa Sıffın Savaşı’ndan sonra Haricîler’in imanı yeniden tanımlayarak büyük günah işleyenleri tekfir etmesi ile gündeme gelmiştir. Hâricîler imanı tanımlarken ameli imana dâhil etmişler ve küçük dahi olsa günah işleyen kişinin kâfir olacağına hükmetmişlerdi. Sözkonusu mesele Osmanlının son dönemlerinde İslâm uleması tarafından da tartışılmıştır. Gelenekçi çizgide yer alan ulema imanı ayrı, ameli ayrı olarak değerlendirmiştir. Fakat Tatar ulemasından ve aynı zamanda yenilikçi çizgide bulunan Mûsâ Cârullah, iman-amel ayrımı yapmamıştır. O, Ehl-i Sünnet’in iman-amel ayrımının bazı yanlışlıklarına işaret etmiştir. Bu konu ile ilgili görüşlerini ve gelenekçi çizgide yer alan ulema hakkındaki eleştirilerini ortaya koymuştur.
Mûsâ Cârullah, İslâm dünyasının durumu ile itikadî mezhepler arasında çok büyük bağlantıların olduğuna işaret etmiştir. İslâm âleminde yaşanan siyasî olayların ya itikadî mezheplerden kaynaklandığı ya da itikadî mezheplerin siyasî olaylara göre tertip edildiğini belirtmiştir. Özellikle Eş’arîlerin ortaya koyduğu ilkelerin, ahlakın ve siyasetin bozulmasına zemin hazırladığı, Sünnîlik ile Şiîlik gibi mezhepler arasındaki ihtilafların ise Müslümanlar arasında ayrılıklara ve hatta düşmanlıklara neden olduğu görüşündedir. İslâm âleminde yaşanan siyasî olayların gerçek nedenlerini Müslümanların itikatlarına bağlamıştır. İnsanın itikadı; iradesine, ahlakına ve bütün hareketlerine tesiri nedeniyle siyasî olayların gerçek nedenleri itikadî mezheplerde aranması gerektiğine dikkat çekmiştir. Mezhepler arasındaki ihtilafı ortadan kaldırmayı, kelâmcıların ortaya koyduğu Ehl-i Sünnet anlayışını, dar çerçevesinden kurtarıp Kur’an ve Sünneti merkeze alan oldukça geniş bir alana taşımaya çalışmıştır. İslâm dünyasının gerilemesinde; mezhep taraftarlarının Kur’an-ı Kerim’i kendi mezheplerinin görüşleri doğrultusunda ele alarak dar bir çerçeveye sokması, ictihat kurumunun işlevselliğini yitirmesi, amelin imana dâhil edilmeyerek ayrı değerlendirilmesi, yanlış tevekkül anlayışı, taklit ile birlikte Müslümanları atâlete sevk eden yanlış “kaza” ve “kader” anlayışı etkili olmuştur. Mûsâ Cârullah, mezheplere eleştirel bir yaklaşım sergilemiş, kendisini herhangi bir mezhep ile sınırlandırmamış ve İslâmı mezheplerden üstün tutmuş, genellikle mezhepler ile ilgili eleştirilerinde ölçülü bir metot kullanmıştır. Hayatı boyunca hiç kimseye kendi görüşlerini
سلطة الحديث الآحاد في المذهب الحنفي وأثر المحدثين فيها -الجمع بين الصلاتين في السفر أنموذجا
Authors: SARMINI Mohamad Anas , GÜLER Ayşe
Published: December 2020

تُغاير سلطة الحديث الآحاد لدى أهل الرأي ما عليه المحدثون في نقاط معينة، وقد نوقشت هذه المسألة كثيراً، ويهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة تطور منهج نقد الحديث عند الأحناف، وفيما إذا انتقلت إليه بعض مزايا منهج المحدثين، ويفترض أنه مع استقرار نظام الإسناد انتقلت بعض ملامح منهج المحدثين في التعامل مع الحديث إلى أهل الرأي، وعليه فإن هناك فرقا بين منهج الحنفية المتقدمين وبين المتأخرين في نقد الحديث وعملهم به. وقد اختار البحث مسألة الجمع بين الصلاتين في السفر لتكون أنموذجا للدراسة، إذ إنها من المسائل الخلافية بين العلماء بسبب الأحاديث المتعارضة فيها، وبسبب مخالفتها دلالة العام من الآيات. وقد اختار البحث مجموعة من الكتب المتخصصة بإيراد المسائل الحديثية على منهج أهل الرأي كمجال للدراسة، ثم تتبع ما طرأ فيها من تغيرات عبر العصور في مسألة سلطة الحديث والتأثر بمنهج المحدثين فيه، وخلص إلى إثبات الفرضية المذكورة.
توقف البحث عند أسباب هذا التأثير وأرجعها إلى عدة أمور، منها استقرار علوم الحديث ونظام الإسناد، واتساع العلوم التي تخدمها كعلوم العلل والتاريخ والرجال والجرح والتعديل، وأيضا علُو شأن الحديث الصحيح واشتهار القول بأن أحاديث الصحيحين تفيد العلم أو القطع النظري، بما جعل من العدول عن العمل بهذه الأحاديث شأنا صعبا على متأخري الحنفية ومستنكَرا عليهم. يضاف إلى ذلك أنَّ الحنفية المتأخرين لم يُعنَوا كثيرا بمزيد تأصيل لحجية الخبر الآحاد والتوقف عند مراتبه التي بيَّنها المحدثون، وخصوصا التمييز بين الحديث الصحيح المروي في الصحاح وغيره في هذا السياق، واكتفوا بالتعامل معها كلها على أنها من الأحاديث الآحاد الظنية، التي لا يمكن أن تعارض القطعي المتمثل بالقرآن الكريم، والسنن المشتهرة والإجماع والقواعد الكلية. ولم يشتغلوا على بيان مذهبهم وحججه أمام نظام الإسناد. ولكن في المقابل يمكن لنا القول بأن التأثير الذي حصل بين الحنفية والمحدثين كان تأثيرا متبادلا، فكما أن الحنفية تأثروا باستقرار نظام الإسناد، فإن المحدثين أيضا تأثروا بمنهج الحنفية في تقديم رواية الراوي الفقيه على غيره عند التعارض، وفي بعض ملابسات التفرد التي ناقشها الحنفية في مسألة عموم البلوى وأمثالها.
ANDRAGOJİK AÇIDAN BİR DEĞER OLARAK SALİH AMEL
Authors: YILMAZ Nusrettin
Published: December 2020

Andragoji, yetişkinlerin öğrenme özelliklerine odaklanan eğitim yaklaşımlarından biridir. Çocukların öğrenmelerine rehberlik etme pedagoji, yetişkinlere öğretme metodu için de andragoji kavramı kullanılmaktadır. Her yaşın öğrenme ihtiyaç ve özellikleri birbirinden farklı olduğu için geleneksel pedagojiden ayrı olarak andragojik ilkelerin de dikkate alınması önemlidir. Burada andragoji ile yetişkinler kastedilmektedir ki, bu grup aynı zamanda dini açıdan vahye muhatap olan hedef kitledir.
Değerler açısından bir analiz yapıldığında, İslam’ın çok geniş bir değerler manzumesine sahip olduğu, insanın iyi niyetle, iyi işler yapmasının Allah’a kul olma (ibadet) ile eşitlendiği görülecektir. İslam'da değerlerin kaynağı Kur'an ve Sünnettir. Namaz, zekat, hac vb birçok ibadet değerlerle yüklüdür. Ayrıca İslam her türlü kötülüğü ve ahlaksızlığı yasaklamaktadır.
Böylece insan, bir yandan amaçlı ve anlamlı eylemler yapmaya teşvik edilmekte, diğer yandan da her türlü kötülüğü işlemekten uzak durmaya davet edilmektedir. Bu aynı zamanda, toplumdaki aksiyolojik kapasiteyi yükselten ve kötülüğün iyilik karşısında mevzilenmesine de engel oluşturacak çok temel bir yaklaşımdır.
Vahiy ekseninde temellenen değer anlayışına göre, insanın kendi iç dünyasındaki değişmelerle, toplumsal değişim arasında doğrudan bir ilişki vardır. İnsanın ebedi kurtuluşu, onun için bir hak değildir. Bu değere ulaşması için kişisel çaba ve mücahede etmesi gerekir. Bunun yolu ise iman ve salih ameldir.
Buna göre, insanın, eylem ve davranışlarında inanca dayalı bir seçim yaparak ahlaki bir toplum inşa etmesi mümkündür ve inanan her insan bundan sorumludur. Burada belirleyici olan Allah’ın vahyettiği yol gösterici ilkelere bağlı kalmaktır.
Yukarıda söz edilen bağlamlar eşliğinde, bu araştırmada iki temel amaç üzerinde durulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bunlardan biri, toplumda yeniden yapılandırılan temel insani değerlerin oluşmasını değişimle ilişkilendirerek açıklayan bir model olarak İslam’ın değerler eğitimi anlayışına vurgu yapmak, diğeri de somut bir değer eylemi olarak salih amelin, İslam’ın açıkladığı “iyilik yolu” ile insanı bütünleştirdiğine dikkatleri çekmektir.
DİNİN KEMALE ERDİRİLMESİ AYETİ (MÂİDE 5/3) ÇERÇEVESİNDE MEZHEBİ İHTİLAFLARİN KUR’AN YORUMUNDAKİ İZDÜŞÜMLERİ
Authors: KÖSE Mustafa
Published: December 2020

Kur’ân, İslâm’ın kutsal metni ve ilahi hitabın ete kemiğe bürünmüş halidir. İslâm kültür havzasında Resulullah’ın vefatından sonra başlayan Kur’ân’ı anlama çabaları tarih boyunca sürmüştür. Bu çabalar özünde, metinde var olduğu düşünülen ilahi emirleri, manaları bulup çıkarmaya yöneliktir. Ancak şurası da bir gerçektir ki her anlama çabası nihayetinde belli bir uzamda ve kültürel atmosferde gerçekleşmektedir. Anlam arayışının en önemli saiki siyasi / itikadi mücadelelerdir. Çünkü İslâm dünyasında siyasi olan şeyler itikadi, itikadi olan şeylerse siyasidir. Dolayısıyla geçmişten günümüze aktarılan her tefsir aslında metnin bize ulaşmasını engellemekte ve mana üzerindeki tortunun giderilme çabasını da beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu makale, dinin tamamlanması ile ilgili olarak temel referans kabul edilen bir ayetin (Bugün sizin için dininizi kemale erdirdim ve sizin üzerinizdeki nimetimi tamamladım. Sizin için din olarak İslâm’ı seçtim. Mâide 5/3) yorumu ve bu yorumda etkili olan zihniyetler / mezheplerin bu ifadeden anladıklarını ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu manada ilk bölümde ayetin ve ayetin ilişkili olduğu ayet grubunun nerede, ne zaman, hangi olayla / kişilerle ilgili olduğu tespit edilecektir. Akabinde ayetlerin ihtiva ettiği manalar, bağlam gözetilerek ifade edilmeye çalışılacaktır. Müfessirlerin anılan konulardaki görüşlerinin farklılaşmasının nedenleri ve bunların söz konusu fikirlere yansımalarına da işaret edilecektir. Çalışmamızda dinin ne olduğuna dair bir içerik saptaması yapılmayacaktır. Sadece ve sadece belli anlam dünyalarının paydaşı olan bu müfessirlerin fikirlerinin analizi yapılmaya çalışılacaktır. Bu noktada ayetin muhtevasının bir manaya delalet ettiği kabul edilecek ve kesinlikle çok anlamlılık gibi bir ön kabul benimsenmeyecektir. İslâm düşünce tarihini çevreleyen ve olayların nasıl görüleceği ve ne şekilde anlamlandırılacağına dair bize bir anlam haritası sunan birtakım zihniyetler ve belli yaklaşım biçimleri olduğu muhakkaktır. İkinci bölümde işte bu zihniyetler esas alınarak söz konusu zihniyetleri temsil eden ve belli bir mezhebi aidiyeti olan alimlerin görüşleri, görüşlerinin ana parametrelerine atıflar yapılarak verilecektir. Bu amaçla ilk olarak ortak bir dünya görüşünü paylaşan ancak itikadi / siyasi olarak birbiriyle muhalif olan Sünni (Ehl-i Hadis ve Ehl-i Rey), Mutezilî düşüncenin yaklaşımları göz önüne serilecektir. Daha sonra İslam dünyasında siyasi / karizmatik / liderci zihniyetin en önemli temsilcisi olan Şia’nın özellikle velayet eksenli yaklaşımı kendi kaynaklarından hareketle ortaya konulacaktır. Şiiliğin Ahbari - Usuli biçimindeki fikri ayrışmasının yol açtığı farklı görüşlerin yorumlar üzerindeki etkisine işaret edilecektir.
Kelas “Tommoane Masayang” meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan suami tentang kesehatan ibu dan anak
Authors: Immawanti Immawanti , Wahyuddin Munadiah , Wahyuddin Munadiah
Published: December 2020

Pendahuluan:Salah satu tujuan dari program kesehatan ibu dan anak adalah peningkatan kemandirian keluarga dalam memelihara kesehatan ibu dan anak. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh kelas “Tommoane Masayang” terhadap pengetahuan dan keterampilan para suami mengenai kesehatan ibu dan anak. Metode:Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi eksperiment, one group predan post testdesain. Sampel yang digunakan adalah para suami ibu hamil dengan usia kehamilan 28 – 40 minggu. Instrument penelitian yang digunakan yaitu kuesioner dan media KIE yaitu buku KIA,leafleat, dan boneka bayi. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa P value= 0,031 dan 0,001, < α 0,05. Simpulan: Ada pengaruh kelas “Tommoane Masayang” terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan suami tentang kesehatan ibu dan anak. Partisipasi suami merupakan bagian dari tanggujawab sebagai salah satu bentuk dari upaya pemeliharaan kesehatan reproduksi yaitu dengan keterlibatan suami dalam peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan tentang kesehatan ibu dan anak. Keterlibatan suami selama masa kehamilan istri sampai persalinan, dibutuhkan dukungan dari petugas kesehatan.
Forecast of demand for the rmal energy for buildings of secondary educational institutions based on the properties of heteromorphism of their energy systems
Authors: Guzhov S. V.
Published: December 2020

THE PURPOSE. Improving the accuracy of forecast calculations of demand for energy resources is an urgent task, especially in the light of the Digital Energy of the Russian Federation program. Prediction is also required for he at supply systems. The complexity of the analysis is the lack of confirmation of the similarity properties of energy systems and complexes for buildings with similar functionality. On the example of buildings of secondary educational institutions located i n the territory of Moscow, the assumption of heteromorphism of thermal systems is proved. METHODS. In the work, an assumption was made that there were no significant changes in the data on the heat consumption of the energy facilities of schools, which was confirmed by the absence of changes in the average annual heat consumption and jumps in the monthly heat consumption diagrams. The amount of heat energy consumption measured and transferred to the IS is influenced by a number of additional factors: accura cy drift of heat energy metering devices; aging and overgrowing of the internal surfaces of the building's heating network equipment; physical aging and deterioration of the building envelope and deterioration of their thermal insulation performance. When compiling predicted energy consumption, this means that it is permissible to use not only statistical data about the analyzed object itself, but also about a variety of objects similar to those analyzed in structure and functionality. RESULTS. A set of input factors is proposed that makes it possible to accurately determine the predicted demand for thermal energy for buildings of secondary educational institutions. The possibility and similar accuracy of the results of forecasting the demand for thermal ene rgy is shown both through the use of multivariate regression analysis and artificial neural networks. CONCLUSION. ЭBased on the combined use of various mathematical approaches, it is proposed to use the methodology for forecasting energy demand by energy complexes and systems as a mechanism for determining the correctness of the transmitted meter readings.
TERMAL TURİZMDE SOSYAL MEDYA PAZARLAMA FAALİYETLERİNİN ALGILANAN HİZMET KALİTESİNE VE MARKA DEĞERİNE ETKİSİ: AFYONKARAHİSAR’DA BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: TÜFEKÇİ Ömer Kürşad , TÜFEKCİ Nezihe , KOCABAŞ Dilek
Published: December 2020

Sosyal medya, günümüzdeki tüketicilerin bakış açısını kökten değiştirmiştir. Özellikle tüketiciler arasında ve tüketiciler ile örgütler arasında genişletilmiş kanallar ve etkileşim noktaları sağlamasıyla dikkat çekmektedir. Bu nedenle örgütler rekabetçi üstünlük sağlayabilmeye ve sürdürebilmeye yönelik sosyal medya pazarlama faaliyetlerine ayrı bir önem vermeye başlamışlardır. Sosyal medya pazarlama faaliyetlerinin tüketicinin algıladığı tüm değişkenler üzerinde etkisinin olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Buradan hareketle bu araştırmada sosyal medya pazarlama faaliyetlerinin algılanan hizmet kalitesi ve marka değerine etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç çerçevesinde Afyonkarahisar’da faaliyet gösteren altı farklı beş yıldızlı termal otelin müşterilerine sosyal medya üzerinden ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmanın amacına bağlı olarak, 461 termal turizm tüketicisinden elde edilen veri seti istatistik programları ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmada önerilen hipotezler yapısal eşitlik modellemesi ile test edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda termal turizmde sosyal medya pazarlama faaliyetlerinin algılanan hizmet kalitesine ve marka değerine etkisi bulgulanmıştır.
SYSTEMATIZING THE TYPES OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES BY THE TYPE OF ENTERPRISE WORKFORCE
Authors: T. VODOLAZHSKA
Published: December 2020

The article considers various classification features of personnel management strategies used in theoretical and practical activities of enterprises, and identifies three main approaches to their classification (related to corporate strategy and enterprise development; personnel policy and management philosophy; individual elements (enterprise mission, type of workforce, management functions, etc.)). It is established that currently the key competitive advantage and the main resource of each enterprise is its own staff. Therefore, a relevant, popular and well-founded classification feature used to develop personnel management strategies is the type of workforce, which also takes into account the influence of the internal environment of the organization – its culture.The main purpose of the article is to systematize the types of personnel management strategies of the enterprise according to the type of workforce by organizing their main features and justifying the types.It is determined that today in the relevant literature there is a certain amount of scientists’ developments on the formation of personnel management strategies based on the type of workforce. However, they are mostly general and superficial, do not contain methodological support for the development of personnel management strategies based on the type of workforce. In addition, the issue of specifying the content of the actual personnel management strategies that correspond to the selected type of staff for each of the segments and does not provide a way to coordinate them remains unresolved.The article proposes a general classification of personnel management strategies based on the type of work team, depicted in the form of a cube, which, in contrast to the existing ones, provides a comprehensive consideration of three relevant features: the role of team leader, according to the cube of personnel management strategies by types of workforce, all possible combinations of such general strategies have been developed and their content has been specified, taking into account the key factors influencing it.The developed general personnel management strategies depending on the existing type of team are the basis for the formulation of instrumental strategies for personnel management (planning of personnel needs; recruitment and dismissal; employee motivation; control over their work).
STUDYING CSR AS A BASIS FOR THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENTERPRISE
Authors: N. BOCHAROVA  , I. FEDOTOVA
Published: December 2020

The article examines the global trends in the development of corporate social responsibility (CSR) with special emphasis on the sustainable development of enterprise viability. The existing models of sustainable development offered by different scientists are analyzed. A spherical model of sustainable development of the enterprise is proposed, which consists of three spaces of the external environment with which the enterprise interacts, and the tools for their management on the basis of corporate social responsibility. The proposed model presents the hierarchical location of economic, social, environmental spheres and defines the scope of corporate social responsibility of the enterprise. The directions of application of management tools are offered by means of which the enterprise influences the space with which it interacts, and meets modern demands of a society for a life in a safe environment. These areas of implementation of management tools are focused on maintaining the stability and viability of the enterprise and its sustainable development, it is a way to solve the problem of adaptation to the current situation, according to each area faced by the enterprise. The proposed model allows to achieve a long-term balance between the main areas of sustainable development of the enterprise (economic, social, environmental) with the relevant areas of implementation of corporate social responsibility management tools. The model is built for society as a whole, but it can be adapted to form a model of sustainable development of the enterprise in terms of ensuring its viability. The application of social responsibility in practice provides benefits in improving management by preventing risks, improving the company’s reputation, increasing sales and market share, employee motivation, investor loyalty, improving financial performance, building relationships with the public sector and society, and environmental protection, which in turn will lead to the formation of long-term viability of the enterprise.
Homework is a long lever to elevate education, but where is the fulcrum?
Authors: AISDL
Published: December 2020

Homework effectiveness has long been a controversial issue for many educators, schools and parents. Many researchers have tried to prove homework is not just a nuisance we all have to face throughout the years but really "build characters" and "is good for you" like teachers and parents typically say. This bibliometrics review studied 429 documents related to homework in education from Clarivate Web of Science from 1977 to 2020. This study aims to record the volume, growth pattern of homework literature, and identify critical author, publication and topic of this knowledge base. The review found that the homework literature has grown remarkably over the past 43 years, with most-cited authors are from the US, Spain and China. Using co-citation, co-occurrence and bibliographic coupling analysis from VOSviewer program, this research also indicated some significant results and suggestions for future research.
Indications for removal of impacted mandibular third molars and associated pathologies
Authors: Subedi Sushil , Koirala Ujjwal , Shrestha Bijayata
Published: December 2020

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to assess the various indications of impacted mandibular third molar removal and pathologies associated with it.

Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Oral Surgery, Gandaki Medical College. The clinical case records from September 2016 to August 2019 were retrieved, reviewed, and analyzed. Surgically removed impacted mandibular third molars for which orthopantomogram were available and the lesions verified histologically were included in the study. Orthopantomograms were studied to determine the angular position of the impacted mandibular third molars and associated pathology. The data was entered in SPSS 20 and descriptive statistics was applied.

Results: A total of 1344 impacted mandibular third molars (Male-709, 52.8%; Female - 635, 47.2%) were surgically extracted during the three-year period. The majority of patients (36.5%) were in the age groups of 25 - 34 years with a higher incidence of mesioangular impaction (33%). Recurrent pericoronitis (62.9%) was the most common indication followed by caries (11.7%). The radiographically detectable lesion was seen in 471 (35%) cases out of which 304 (64.5%) were symptomatic at the time of extraction. Among137 histopathologically diagnosed cases, chronic inflammatory lesion (76, 55.9%) was the most common finding.

Conclusion: Awareness of the indications for removal of impacted mandibular third molars helps in proper management and prevention of future complications associated with retention and delayed extraction of such teeth. So, regular and periodic clinical and radiographic examination is required for patients with impacted mandibular third molars.
COMPARISON OF SARS-CoV-2 VIRUS VARIANT GENOMES DETECTED IN CHINA AND THE USA
Authors: Sahingil Mehmet Cihan , Ozkazanc Yakup
Published: December 2020

In the spreading period of the SARS-CoV-2 virus which is the cause of COVID-19 in the world, it is seen that the genome of the virus mutates and this mutation processes create new SARS-CoV-2 variants. In this study, we examined two variant genome groups. The first group includes the genomes of variants detected in China, while the second includes those detected in the USA. We applied the multiple sequence alignment process on these publicly available SARS-CoV-2 virus genomes and reported the obtained results. There are 87 genomes for China variants and 200 for USA variants in the used data. The analyses were made for each domain of the genomes. The results of the analysis show that the variant genomes in the two SARS-CoV-2 groups examined have some similar mutation features as well as different characteristics. It is also one of the results obtained in this study that the domains where the most mutations are detected on the genome are regions that have properties that affect the interaction of the virus with the host.
A PRELIMINARY MOLECULAR ASSESSMENT OF THE TAXONOMIC VALIDITY OF Hexagenia orlando TRAVER, 1931 (EPHEMEROPTERA: EPHEMERIDAE)
Authors: Orfinger Alexander B.
Published: December 2020

In an effort to evaluate the taxonomic uncertainty of the species status of Hexagenia orlando Traver, 1931 (Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae), molecular data were used for the first time to test its current classification. Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) haplotypes were evaluated using three types of analyses in the form of distance-based, tree-based, and model-based delimitation methods. All analyses consistently recovered H. orlando as a valid species. These preliminary results lend evidence reinforcing the current classification scheme and encourage renewed scrutiny of adults and nymphs to hopefully identify additional morphological characters that may serve to separate H. orlando and its congener Hexagenia limbata (Serville, 1829).
Struktur dan Pola Komunikasi dalam Wacana Pembelajaran Teks Eksplanasi di Madrasah Aliyah Al-Istiqomah
Authors: Wahyuni Ari , Wardhana Dian Eka Chandra , Trianto Agus
Published: December 2020

Pembelajaran wacana teks eksplanasi dapat dilihat berhasil atau tidaknya mengantarkan siswa mencapai tujuan pembelajaran bahasa dengan cara mengkaji struktur dan pola komunikasinya. Untuk itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan struktur dan pola komunikasi dalam wacana pembelajaran teks eksplanasi di Madrasah Aliyah Al-Istiqomah. Metode penelitian menggunakan model analisis wacana kelas dengan model IRF. Subjek penelitian ini berjumlah 21 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, perekaman, dan wawancara. Teknik analisis wacana menggunakan analisis wacana kelas Sinclair dan Coulthard dengan model IRF yaitu initiation, response, dan follow-up. Uji keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi teknik pengumpulan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam melakukan pembelajaran teks eksplanasi, struktur wacana kelas pada pembelajaran tidak selalu berstruktur IRF pada pertukaran bebas. Sedangkan pada pertukaran terikat fungsi F tidak hanya menjadi balikan, namun disertai inisiasi ulang atau terikat (Ib) sehingga struktur wacana kelasnya menjadi I R Ib R F/Ib R. Pola komunikasi yang terjadi dalam pembelajaran terdiri dari dua pola, yaitu pola komunikasi sebagai interaksi dan pola komunikasi transaksi.
Muhtarlar ve Topluluk-Temelli Afet Yönetişimi
Authors: ÇAKI Fahri , GÜLTEKİN ÖZBAYRAM Goncagül
Published: December 2020

Türkiye’de devletin modernleşme çabalarının bir ürünü olarak doğan ve 1829’dan berivarlığını bugüne kadar koruyan muhtarlık kurumu yerli ve özgün bir teşkilattır. Muhtarlar,belli sürelerle çoğunlukla yerel halk içinden doğrudan yerel halkın oylarıyla seçilirler.Bu durum onları yerel halk ile daha yakın bağlar kurmaya, yerel sorunlar ve ihtiyaçlarıyakından bilmeye ve mahalleleri hakkında zengin bir veri kaynağı olmaya sevk eder.Bu özellikleriyle muhtarlar topluluk temelli afet yönetişiminde ve onun asli bir aşamasıolan hazırbulunuşluk sürecinde önemli aktörler olma potansiyelini taşırlar.Ancak fiili durumda muhtarlar ne denli bu rolü oynamaktadırlar ya da oynamalarınaolanak sağlanmaktadır? Muhtarlar, afetlere hazırbulunuşluk süreçlerinde yönetişimilkesine ne kadar ortaktırlar? Bu sorular bu makalenin problematiğini teşkil etmektedir.Makale, topluluk temelli doğal afet yönetiminin Türkiye’deki özel durumunu birçokdoğal afet riskinin yoğun hissedildiği illerden biri olan Balıkesir örnek olay incelemesiçerçevesinde, doğal afet yönetişimindeki rolü genellikle ihmal edilen muhtarlarüzerinden incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.Makale, fenomenolojik bir yöntem anlayışıyla derinlemesine mülakat tekniği kullanılarak50 muhtardan elde edilen verileri kullanmaktadır. Ulaşılan en önemli bulgu,politik seçkinlerin yerel bilgiyi önemsememe ve sürece dâhil etmeme eğilimlerindendolayı muhtarların afet hazırbulunuşluğu süreçlerinden dışlandıkları ve potansiyelkatkılarının kısıtlandığıdır.
Association between flat-panel computed tomography hyperattenuation and clinical outcome after successful recanalization by endovascular treatment
Authors: Baek Jang-Hyun , Kim Byung Moon , Heo Ji Hoe , Kim Dong Joon , Nam Hyo Suk , Kim Young Dae , Choi Hyun Seok , Kim Jun-Hwee , Kim Jin Woo
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE

Hyperattenuation on CT scanning performed immediately after endovascular treatment (EVT) is known to be associated with the final infarct. As flat-panel CT (FPCT) scanning is readily accessible within their angiography suite, the authors evaluated the ability of the extent of hyperattenuation on FPCT to predict clinical outcomes after EVT.

METHODS

Patients with successful recanalization (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction grade 2b or 3) were reviewed retrospectively. The extent of hyperattenuation was assessed by the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score on FPCT (FPCT-ASPECTS). FPCT-ASPECTS findings were compared according to functional outcome and malignant infarction. The predictive power of the FPCT-ASPECTS with initial CT images before EVT (CT-ASPECTS) and follow-up diffusion-weighted images (MR-ASPECTS) was also compared.

RESULTS

A total of 235 patients were included. All patients were treated with mechanical thrombectomy, and 45.5% of the patients received intravenous tissue plasminogen activator. The mean (± SD) time from stroke onset to recanalization was 383 ± 290 minutes. The FPCT-ASPECTS was significantly different between patients with a favorable outcome and those without (mean 9.3 ± 0.9 vs 6.7 ± 2.6) and between patients with malignant infarction and those without (3.4 ± 2.9 vs 8.8 ± 1.4). The FPCT-ASPECTS was an independent factor for a favorable outcome (adjusted OR 3.28, 95% CI 2.12–5.01) and malignant infarction (adjusted OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.31–0.57). The area under the curve (AUC) of the FPCT-ASPECTS for a favorable outcome (0.862, cutoff ≥ 8) was significantly greater than that of the CT-ASPECTS (0.637) (p < 0.001) and comparable to that of the MR-ASPECTS (0.853) (p = 0.983). For malignant infarction, the FPCT-ASPECTS was also more predictive than the CT-ASPECTS (AUC 0.906 vs 0.552; p = 0.001) with a cutoff of ≤ 5.

CONCLUSIONS

The FPCT-ASPECTS was highly predictive of clinical outcomes in patients with successful recanalization. FPCT could be a practical method to immediately predict clinical outcomes and thereby aid in acute management after EVT.
The utility of arterial spin labeling in the presurgical evaluation of poorly defined focal epilepsy in children
Authors: Lam Jack , Tomaszewski Patricia , Gilbert Guillaume , Moreau Jeremy T. , Guiot Marie-Christine , Albrecht Steffen , Farmer Jean-Pierre , Atkinson Jeffrey , Saint-Martin Christine , Wintermark Pia , Bernhardt Boris , Baillet Sylvain , Dudley Roy W. R.
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE

The authors sought to assess the utility of arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion 3T-MRI for the presurgical evaluation of poorly defined focal epilepsy in pediatric patients.

METHODS

Pseudocontinuous ASL perfusion 3T-MRI was performed in 25 consecutive children with poorly defined focal epilepsy. ASL perfusion abnormalities were detected qualitatively by visual inspection and quantitatively by calculating asymmetry index (AI) maps and significant z-score cluster maps based on successfully operated cases. ASL results were prospectively compared to scalp EEG, structural 3T-MRI, FDG-PET, ictal/interictal SPECT, magnetoencephalography (MEG), and intracranial recording results, as well as the final surgically proven epileptogenic zone (EZ) in operated patients who had at least 1 year of good (Engel class I/II) seizure outcome and positive histopathology results.

RESULTS

Qualitative ASL perfusion abnormalities were found in 17/25 cases (68%), specifically in 17/20 MRI-positive cases (85.0%) and in none of the 5 MRI-negative cases. ASL was concordant with localizing scalp EEG findings in 66.7%, structural 3T-MRI in 90%, FDG-PET in 75%, ictal/interictal SPECT in 62.5%, and MEG in 75% of cases, and with intracranial recording results in 40% of cases. Eleven patients underwent surgery; in all 11 cases the EZ was surgically proven by positive histopathology results and the patient having at least 1 year of good seizure outcome. ASL results were concordant with this final surgically proven EZ in 10/11 cases (sensitivity 91%, specificity 50%). All 10 ASL-positive patients who underwent surgery had positive surgical pathology results and good long-term postsurgical seizure outcome at a mean follow-up of 39 months. Retrospective quantitative analysis based on significant z-score clusters found 1 true-positive result that was missed by qualitative analysis and 3 additional false-positive results (sensitivity 100%, specificity 23%).

CONCLUSIONS

ASL supports the hypothesis regarding the EZ in poorly defined focal epilepsy cases in children. Due to its convenience and noninvasive nature, the authors recommend that ASL be added routinely to the presurgical MRI evaluation of epilepsy. Future optimized quantitative methods may improve the diagnostic yield of this technique.
Experience with an Enhanced Recovery After Spine Surgery protocol at an academic community hospital
Authors: Young Robert , Cottrill Ethan , Pennington Zach , Ehresman Jeff , Ahmed A. Karim , Kim Timothy , Jiang Bowen , Lubelski Daniel , Zhu Alex M. , Wright Katherine S. , Gavin Donna , Russo Alyson , Hanna Marie N. , Bydon Ali , Witham Timothy F. , Zygourakis Corinna , Theodore Nicholas
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols have rapidly gained popularity in multiple surgical specialties and are recognized for their potential to improve patient outcomes and decrease hospitalization costs. However, they have only recently been applied to spinal surgery. The goal in the present work was to describe the development, implementation, and impact of an Enhanced Recovery After Spine Surgery (ERASS) protocol for patients undergoing elective spine procedures at an academic community hospital.

METHODS

A multidisciplinary team, drawing on prior publications and spine surgery best practices, collaborated to develop an ERASS protocol. Patients undergoing elective cervical or lumbar procedures were prospectively enrolled at a single tertiary care center; interventions were standardized across the cohort for pre-, intra-, and postoperative care using standardized order sets in the electronic medical record. Protocol efficacy was evaluated by comparing enrolled patients to a historic cohort of age- and procedure-matched controls. The primary study outcomes were quantity of opiate use in morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs) on postoperative day (POD) 1 and length of stay. Secondary outcomes included frequency and duration of indwelling urinary catheter use, discharge disposition, 30-day readmission and reoperation rates, and complication rates. Multivariable linear regression was used to determine whether ERASS protocol use was independently predictive of opiate use on POD 1.

RESULTS

In total, 97 patients were included in the study cohort and were compared with a historic cohort of 146 patients. The patients in the ERASS group had lower POD 1 opiate use than the control group (26 ± 33 vs 42 ± 40 MMEs, p < 0.001), driven largely by differences in opiate-naive patients (16 ± 21 vs 38 ± 36 MMEs, p < 0.001). Additionally, patients in the ERASS group had shorter hospitalizations than patients in the control group (51 ± 30 vs 62 ± 49 hours, p = 0.047). On multivariable regression, implementation of the ERASS protocol was independently predictive of lower POD 1 opiate consumption (β = −7.32, p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in any of the secondary outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS

The authors found that the development and implementation of a comprehensive ERASS protocol led to a modest reduction in postoperative opiate consumption and hospital length of stay in patients undergoing elective cervical or lumbar procedures. As suggested by these results and those of other groups, the implementation of ERASS protocols may reduce care costs and improve patient outcomes after spine surgery.
Can we use shorter constructs while maintaining satisfactory sagittal plane alignment for adult spinal deformity?
Authors: Moridaira Hiroshi , Inami Satoshi , Takeuchi Daisaku , Ueda Haruki , Aoki Hiromichi , Imura Takuya , Taneichi Hiroshi
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE

Issues with spinopelvic fixation for adult spinal deformity (ASD) include loss of the physiological mobility of the entire lumbar spine, perioperative complications, and medical costs. Little is known about the factors associated with successful short fusion for ASD. The authors evaluated radiographic and clinical outcomes after shorter fusion for different subtypes of ASD at 2 years postoperatively and examined factors associated with successful short fusion.

METHODS

This was a single-center study of 37 patients who underwent short fusion and a minimum 2 years of follow-up for ASD in which lumbar kyphosis was the main deformity. The exclusion criteria were 1) age < 40 years, 2) previous lumbar vertebral fracture, 3) severe osteoporosis, 4) T10–L2 kyphosis > 20°, 5) scoliotic deformity with an upper end vertebra (UEV) above T12, and 6) concomitant Parkinson’s disease or neurological disease. The surgical procedures, radiographic course, and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were assessed, and correlations between radiographic parameters and postoperative ODI at 2 years were analyzed.

RESULTS

A mean of 3.5 levels were fused. The mean radiographic parameters preoperatively, at 2 weeks, and at 2 years, respectively, were as follows: coronal Cobb angle: 22.9°, 11.5°, and 12.6°; lumbar lordosis (LL): 12.9°, 35.8°, and 32.2°; pelvic incidence (PI) minus LL: 35.5°, 14.7°, and 19.2°; pelvic tilt: 29.4°, 23.1°, and 25.0°; and sagittal vertical axis 85.3, 36.7, and 59.2 mm. Abnormal proximal junctional kyphosis occurred in 8 cases. Revision surgery was performed to extend the length of fusion from a lower thoracic vertebra to the pelvis in 2 cases. The mean ODI scores preoperatively and at 2 years were 50.7% and 24.1%, respectively. Patient age, number of fused intervertebral segments, and radiographic parameters were analyzed by the stepwise method to identify factors contributing to the ODI score at 2 years, preoperative PI, and sagittal vertical axis at 2 years. On receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of the minimal clinically important difference of ODI (15%) and preoperative PI, the cutoff value of the preoperative PI was 47° (area under the curve 0.75).

CONCLUSIONS

In terms of subtypes of ASD in which lumbar kyphosis is the main deformity, if the PI is < 47°, then the use of short fusion preserving mobile intervertebral segments can produce adequate LL for the PI, improving both postoperative global spinal alignment and quality of life.
Polyphenols and Cognition In Humans: An Overview of Current Evidence from Recent Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
Authors: Lamport Daniel Joseph , Williams Claire Michelle
Published: December 2020

Background: There is increasing interest in the impact of dietary influences on the brain throughout the lifespan, ranging from improving cognitive development in children through to attenuating ageing related cognitive decline and reducing risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Polyphenols, phytochemicals naturally present in a host of fruits, vegetables, tea, cocoa and other foods, have received particular attention in this regard, and there is now a substantial body of evidence from experimental and epidemiological studies examining whether their consumption is associated with cognitive benefits. Objective: The purpose of this overview is to synthesise and evaluate the best available evidence from two sources, namely meta-analyses and systematic reviews, in order to give an accurate reflection of the current evidence base for an association between polyphenols and cognitive benefits. Method: Four meta-analyses and thirteen systematic reviews published between 2017–2020 were included, and were categorised according to whether they reviewed specific polyphenol-rich foods and classes or all polyphenols. A requirement for inclusion was assessment of a behavioural cognitive outcome in humans. Results: A clear and consistent theme emerged that whilst there is support for an association between polyphenol consumption and cognitive benefits, this conclusion is tentative, and by no means definitive. Considerable methodological heterogeneity was repeatedly highlighted as problematic such that the current evidence base does not support reliable conclusions relating to efficacy of specific doses, duration of treatment, or sensitivity in specific populations or certain cognitive domains. The complexity of multiple interactions between a range of direct and indirect mechanisms of action is discussed. Conclusions: Further research is required to strengthen the reliability of the evidence base.
Data science skills: Building partnership for efficient school curriculum delivery in Africa
Authors: Adeboye Nureni Olawale , Popoola Peter Osuolale , Ogunnusi Oluwatobi Nurudeen
Published: December 2020

Data science is a concept to unify statistics, data analysis, machine learning and their related methods in order to analyze actual phenomena with data to provide better understanding. This article focused its investigation on acquisition of data science skills in building partnership for efficient school curriculum delivery in Africa, especially in the area of teaching statistics courses at the beginners’ level in tertiary institutions. Illustrations were made using Big data of selected 18 African countries sourced from United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) with special focus on some macro-economic variables that drives economic policy. Data description techniques were adopted in the analysis of the sourced open data with the aid of R analytics software for data science, as improvement on the traditional methods of data description for learning and thus open a new charter of education curriculum delivery in African schools. Though, the collaboration is not without its own challenges, its prospects in creating self-driven learning culture among students of tertiary institutions has greatly enhanced the quality of teaching, advancing students skills in machine learning, improved understanding of the role of data in global perspective and being able to critique claims based on data.