bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mesoscale structures in amorphous silks from a spider’s orb-web
Authors: Riekel Christian , Burghammer Manfred , Rosenthal Martin
Published: October 2020

Of the 7–8 silk fibers making up an orb-web only the hierarchical structural organization of semicrystalline radial fibers -composed of major ampullate silk- has been studied in detail, given its fascinating mechanical features. While major ampullate silk’s nanofibrillar morphology is well established, knowhow on mesoscale (> 50–100 nm) assembly and its contribution to mechanical performance is limited. Much less is known on the hierarchical structural organization of other, generally less crystalline fibers contributing to an orb-webs’ function. Here we show by scanning X-ray micro&nanodiffraction that two fully amorphous, fine silk fibers from the center of an orb-web have different mesoscale features. One of the fibers has a fibrillar composite structure resembling stiff egg case silk. The other fiber has a skin–core structure based on a nanofibrillar ribbon wound around a disordered core. A fraction of nanofibrils appears to have assembled into mesoscale fibrils. This fiber becomes readily attached to the coat of major ampullate silk fibers. We observe that a detached fiber has ripped out the glycoprotein skin-layer containing polyglycine II nanocrystallites. The anchoring of the fiber in the coat suggests that it could serve for strengthening the tension and cohesion of major ampullate silk fibers.
Nature-based activities improve the well-being of older adults
Authors: Sia Angelia , Tam Wilson W. S. , Fogel Anna , Kua Ee Heok , Khoo Kenneth , Ho Roger C. M.
Published: October 2020

Current literature shows that interaction with urban greenery can have a wide range of positive health outcomes. Targeted nature-based programs, such as therapeutic horticulture, have been shown to result in multiple health benefits for older adults residing in temperate environments, but much less research has been carried out on populations with different phenotypes, such as older Asian adults in the tropics. The current study investigated the effects of a 24-session therapeutic horticulture program on 47 older participants in Singapore, with an experimental pretest posttest design. We found that participants maintained healthy sleep patterns and psychological health, as well as showed reduced anxiety and improved cognitive functioning (p < 0.05). In addition, they reported an increase in mean happiness score after each session. This study provides new evidence using a comprehensive set of indicators across the affective, cognitive, functional, psychosocial and physical domains, supporting current literature on the benefits of nature programs, with a novel focus on tropical environments. It provides evidence that the nature-based intervention has the potential to be translated to programs to benefit older adults in the tropics.
Author Correction: Application and Evaluation of Highly Automated Software for Comprehensive Stent Analysis in Intravascular Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Lu Hong , Lee Juhwan , Jakl Martin , Wang Zhao , Cervinka Pavel , Bezerra Hiram G. , Wilson David L.
Published: October 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Genomic analysis of European bovine Staphylococcus aureus from clinical versus subclinical mastitis
Authors: Hoekstra Jurriaan , Zomer Aldert L. , Rutten Victor P. M. G. , Benedictus Lindert , Stegeman Arjan , Spaninks Mirlin P. , Bennedsgaard Torben W. , Biggs Andrew , De Vliegher Sarne , Mateo Demetrio Herrera , Huber-Schlenstedt Reglindis , Katholm Jørgen , Kovács Péter , Krömker Volker , Lequeux Guillaume , Moroni Paolo , Pinho Luís , Smulski Sebastian , Supré Karlien , Swinkels Jantijn M. , Holmes Mark A. , Lam Theo J. G. M. , Koop Gerrit
Published: October 2020

Intramammary infections (IMI) with Staphylococcus aureus are a common cause of bovine mastitis and can result in both clinical (CM) or subclinical mastitis (SCM). Although bacterial isolates of S. aureus differ in their virulence potential it is largely unclear which bacterial virulence factors are responsible for increased clinical severity. We performed a genome wide association study and used a generalized linear mixed model to investigate the correlation between gene carriage, lineage and clinical outcome of IMI in a collection of S. aureus isolates from cattle with CM (n = 125) and SCM (n = 151) from 11 European countries. An additional aim was to describe the genetic variation of bovine S. aureus in Europa. The dominant lineages in our collection were clonal complex (CC) 151 (81/276, 29.3%), CC97 (54/276, 19.6%), CC479 (32/276, 11.6%) and CC398 (19/276, 6.9%). Virulence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) gene carriage was highly associated with CC. Among a selection of nine virulence and AMR genes, CC151, CC479 and CC133 carried more virulence genes than other CCs, and CC398 was associated with AMR gene carriage. Whereas CC151, CC97 were widespread in Europe, CC479, CC398 and CC8 were only found in specific countries. Compared to CC151, CC479 was associated with CM rather than SCM (OR 3.62; 95% CI 1.38–9.50) and the other CCs were not. Multiple genes were associated with CM, but due to the clustering within CC of carriage of these genes, it was not possible to differentiate between the effect of gene carriage and CC on clinical outcome of IMI. Nevertheless, this study demonstrates that characterization of S. aureus CC and virulence genes helps to predict the likelihood of the occurrence of CM following S. aureus IMI and highlights the potential benefit of diagnostics tools to identify S. aureus CC during bovine mastitis.
Inflammatory indexes as predictive factors for platinum sensitivity and as prognostic factors in recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer patients: a MITO24 retrospective study
Authors: Farolfi Alberto , Scarpi Emanuela , Greco Filippo , Bergamini Alice , Longo Lucia , Pignata Sandro , Casanova Claudia , Cormio Gennaro , Bologna Alessandra , Orditura Michele , Zavallone Laura , Attademo Laura , Gallà Valentina , Franzese Elisena , Pigozzi Eva , Loizzi Vera , Giorda Giorgio , Giardina Donatella , Cioffi Raffaella , De Giorgi Ugo
Published: October 2020

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and systemic inflammatory index (SII) are prognostic factors in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Their predictive value for platinum-sensitivity and their role in recurrent EOC are unknown. A total of 375 EOC patients were retrospectively analyzed. The correlation between baseline NLR and SII, and platinum-free interval (PFI) according to first line bevacizumab treatment were analyzed using logistic regression analyses adjusted for baseline patient characteristics. Subsequently NLR and SII calculated before second line treatment initiation were evaluated to identify a potential correlation with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in platinum-sensitive and in platinum-resistant population. In multivariate analysis, NLR ≥ 3 is an independent predictive factor for PFI at 6 months in the chemotherapy group (OR = 2.77, 95% CI 1.38–5.56, p = 0.004), not in bevacizumab treated patients. After having adjusted for ECOG performance status, histology, ascites, bevacizumab treatment at second line and BRCA status, NLR ≥ 3 and SII ≥ 730 are significantly associated with worse OS in platinum-sensitive (HR = 2.69, 95% CI 1.60–4.53, p = 0.002; HR = 2.11, 95% CI 1.29–3.43, p = 0.003, respectively), not in platinum-resistant EOC patients. Low NLR is an independent predictive factor for platinum-sensitivity in patients treated without bevacizumab. NLR and SII are prognostic factors in recurrent platinum-sensitive EOC patients.
Limited usefulness of serum carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels for gastrointestinal and whole-body cancer screening
Authors: Sekiguchi Masau , Matsuda Takahisa
Published: October 2020

The diagnostic performance of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 levels for multiple-organ cancer screening has not been fully elucidated. However, they are widely used for real-world opportunistic screening of multiple-organ cancers. This study aimed to examine the diagnostic performance of these serum markers in multiple-organ cancer screening. Data from asymptomatic individuals subjected to opportunistic cancer screening were analyzed. The diagnostic performance of CEA and CA 19-9 was assessed for (A) upper/lower gastrointestinal cancers and (B) whole-body cancers (including both gastrointestinal and other organ cancers) using the results of upper/lower gastrointestinal endoscopy and whole-body imaging as reference. Data from 12,349 and 7616 screened individuals were used to assess the diagnostic performance of CEA and CA 19-9 for (A) and (B), respectively. For (A), the sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) of CEA (cut-off: 5 ng/mL) were 7.8% and 3.7%, respectively; those of CA19-9 (cut-off: 37 U/mL) were 7.4% and 2.7%, respectively. For (B), the sensitivity and PPV of CEA were 6.6% and 4.1%, respectively, and those of CA19-9 were 10.8% and 5.8%, respectively. Considering even multiple cancers, the sensitivity and PPV of CEA and CA 19-9 were low, thus confirming their limited usefulness in multiple-organ cancer screening.
Publisher Correction: Toxicities of and inflammatory responses to moxifloxacin, cefuroxime, and vancomycin on retinal vascular cells
Authors: Miyake Hitomi , Miyazaki Dai , Shimizu Yumiko , Sasaki Shin-ichi , Baba Takashi , Inoue Yoshitsugu , Matsuura Kazuki
Published: October 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
From whole-mount to single-cell spatial assessment of gene expression in 3D
Authors: Waylen Lisa N. , Nim Hieu T. , Martelotto Luciano G. , Ramialison Mirana
Published: October 2020

Unravelling spatio-temporal patterns of gene expression is crucial to understanding core biological principles from embryogenesis to disease. Here we review emerging technologies, providing automated, high-throughput, spatially resolved quantitative gene expression data. Novel techniques expand on current benchmark protocols, expediting their incorporation into ongoing research. These approaches digitally reconstruct patterns of embryonic expression in three dimensions, and have successfully identified novel domains of expression, cell types, and tissue features. Such technologies pave the way for unbiased and exhaustive recapitulation of gene expression levels in spatial and quantitative terms, promoting understanding of the molecular origin of developmental defects, and improving medical diagnostics.
Comparing rates of introgression in parasitic feather lice with differing dispersal capabilities
Authors: Doña Jorge , Sweet Andrew D. , Johnson Kevin P.
Published: October 2020

Organisms vary in their dispersal abilities, and these differences can have important biological consequences, such as impacting the likelihood of hybridization events. However, there is still much to learn about the factors influencing hybridization, and specifically how dispersal ability affects the opportunities for hybridization. Here, using the ecological replicate system of dove wing and body lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera), we show that species with higher dispersal abilities exhibited increased genomic signatures of introgression. Specifically, we found a higher proportion of introgressed genomic reads and more reticulated phylogenetic networks in wing lice, the louse group with higher dispersal abilities. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that differences in dispersal ability might drive the extent of introgression through hybridization.
Myostatin regulates fatty acid desaturation and fat deposition through MEF2C/miR222/SCD5 cascade in pigs
Authors: Ren Hongyan , Xiao Wei , Qin Xingliang , Cai Gangzhi , Chen Hao , Hua Zaidong , Cheng Cheng , Li Xinglei , Hua Wenjun , Xiao Hongwei , Zhang Liping , Dai Jiali , Zheng Xinmin , Zhu Zhe , Qian Chong , Yao Jie , Bi Yanzhen
Published: October 2020

Myostatin (MSTN), associated with the “double muscling” phenotype, affects muscle growth and fat deposition in animals, whereas how MSTN affects adipogenesis remains to be discovered. Here we show that MSTN can act through the MEF2C/miR222/SCD5 cascade to regulate fatty acid metabolism. We generated MSTN-knockout (KO) cloned Meishan pigs, which exhibits typical double muscling trait. We then sequenced transcriptome of subcutaneous fat tissues of wild-type (WT) and MSTN-KO pigs, and intersected the differentially expressed mRNAs and miRNAs to predict that stearoyl-CoA desaturase 5 (SCD5) is targeted by miR222. Transcription factor binding prediction showed that myogenic transcription factor 2C (MEF2C) potentially binds to the miR222 promoter. We hypothesized that MSTN-KO upregulates MEF2C and consequently increases the miR222 expression, which in turn targets SCD5 to suppress its translation. Biochemical, molecular and cellular experiments verified the existence of the cascade. This novel molecular pathway sheds light on new targets for genetic improvements in pigs.
Spin–orbit torque nano-oscillator with giant magnetoresistance readout
Authors: Chen Jen-Ru , Smith Andrew , Montoya Eric A. , Lu Jia G. , Krivorotov Ilya N.
Published: October 2020

Spin-orbit torque nano-oscillators based on bilayers of ferromagnetic and nonmagnetic metals are ultra-compact current-controlled microwave signal sources. They are attractive for practical applications such as microwave assisted magnetic recording, neuromorphic computing, and chip-to-chip wireless communications. However, a major drawback of these devices is low output microwave power arising from the relatively small anisotropic magnetoresistance of the ferromagnetic layer. Here we experimentally show that the output power of a spin-orbit torque nano-oscillator can be significantly enhanced without compromising its structural simplicity. Addition of a ferromagnetic reference layer to the oscillator allows us to employ current-in-plane giant magnetoresistance to boost the output power of the device. This enhancement of the output power is a result of both large magnitude of giant magnetoresistance compared to that of anisotropic magnetoresistance and their different angular dependencies. Our results hold promise for practical applications of spin-orbit torque nano-oscillators.
Duplex-specific nuclease signal amplification-based fluorescent lateral flow assay for the point-of-care detection of microRNAs
Authors: Wei Hongjuan , Peng Yongjin , Bai Zikun , Rong Zhen , Wang Shengqi
Published: October 2020

We demonstrate a fluorescent lateral flow assay combined with duplex specific nuclease signal amplification strategy for high-sensitive point-of-care detection of cancer-related miRNA.
Lanthanide contraction regulates the HER activity of iron triad intermetallics in alkaline media
Authors: Ji Shen-Jing , Xue Huai-Guo , Suen Nian-Tzu
Published: October 2020

In this work, we have systematically investigated the HER activity of RE2Co17. We discovered that lanthanide contraction can regulate the HER activity of iron triad intermetallics in alkaline media.
Tetrel and pnictogen functionalised propargylidynes
Authors: Manzano Richard A. , Hill Anthony F. , Georgelin Rosemary L.
Published: October 2020

The synthesis of lithium and silver propargylidyne reagents allow the installation of main group elements (Si, Sn, Pb, P, As) as propargylidyne termini.
A small-molecule probe for monitoring binding to prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 by fluorescence polarisation
Authors: Li Zhihong , Zhen Shuai , Su Kaijun , Tumber Anthony , Yu Quanwei , Dong Ying , McDonough Michael , Schofield Christopher J. , Zhang Xiaojin
Published: October 2020

A small-molecule FP probe useful for monitoring binding to PHD2 and identifying potential PHD2 inhibitors.
Interplay between local structure, vibrational and electronic properties on CuO under pressure
Authors: Cuartero Vera , Monteseguro Virginia , Otero-de-la-Roza Alberto , El Idrissi Mourad , Mathon Olivier , Shinmei Toru , Irifune Tetsuo , Sanson Andrea
Published: October 2020

X-ray absorption spectroscopy andab initiocalculations unveil the correlation between local, vibrational and electronic structure of CuO under high pressure.
Unveiling shape resonances in H + HF collisions at cold energies
Authors: Jambrina P. G. , González-Sánchez L. , Lara M. , Menéndez M. , Aoiz F. J.
Published: October 2020

By aligning the reactant's rotational angular momentum it is possible not only to enhance or to diminish the intensity of the resonance, but also to split the resonance peak, disentangling the underlying contributions to the resonance pattern.
Aryl acyl peroxides for visible-light induced decarboxylative arylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones under additive-, metal catalyst-, and external photosensitizer-free and ambient conditions
Authors: Xie Long-Yong , Peng Sha , Yang Li-Hua , Peng Cun , Lin Ying-Wu , Yu Xianyong , Cao Zhong , Peng Yu-Yu , He Wei-Min
Published: October 2020

Aryl radicals were generated for the first time from aryl acyl peroxides in ethyl acetate under ambient conditions and visible-light illumination in the absence of any additive, metal catalyst, or external photosensitizer.
Oxalato bridged coordination polymer of manganese(iii) involving unconventional O⋯π-hole(nitrile) and antiparallel nitrile⋯nitrile contacts: antiproliferative evaluation and theoretical studies
Authors: Dutta Debajit , Sharma Pranay , Frontera Antonio , Gogoi Anshuman , Verma Akalesh K. , Dutta Diksha , Sarma Bipul , Bhattacharyya Manjit K.
Published: October 2020

Unconventional O⋯π-hole(nitrile) and antiparallel nitrile⋯nitrile contacts have been theoretically investigated for a Mn(iii) coordination polymer considering cytotoxicity, apoptosis, ROS generation, molecular docking and pharmacophore features.
Effects of crystallinity and dispersity on the self-assembly behavior of block co-oligomers in water
Authors: Vleugels Marle E. J. , de Zwart Marnie E. , Magana Jose Rodrigo , Lamers Brigitte A. G. , Voets Ilja K. , Meijer E. W. , Petkau-Milroy Katja , Palmans Anja R. A.
Published: October 2020

Dispersity and crystallinity affect the dimensions of lamellar structures formed by amphiphilic block co-oligomers in water as well as the reproducibility of sample formation; spherical and cylindrical morphologies are less affected.
General and efficient synthesis of 1,2-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-b]indol-3-ones via a formal [3 + 2] cycloaddition initiated by C–H activation
Authors: Xing Siyang , Guo Junsuo , Wang Yuhan , Wang Chenyu , Wang Kui , Zhu Bolin
Published: October 2020

A [Cp*RhCl2]2-catalyzed formal [3 + 2] cycloaddition involving a sequential coupling reaction initiated by C–H activation and aza-Michael addition has been developed for the general and efficient synthesis of 1,2-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-b]indol-3-ones.
Correction: A removable directing group-assisted Rh(iii)-catalyzed direct C–H bond activation/annulation cascade to synthesize highly fused isoquinolines
Authors: Cheng Yilang , Han Xu , Li Junyou , Zhou Yu , Liu Hong
Published: October 2020

Correction for ‘A removable directing group-assisted Rh(iii)-catalyzed direct C–H bond activation/annulation cascade to synthesize highly fused isoquinolines’ by Yilang Cheng et al., Org. Chem. Front., 2020, 7, 3186–3192, DOI: 10.1039/D0QO00786B.
Investigating first-year undergraduate chemistry students’ reasoning with reaction coordinate diagrams when choosing among particulate-level reaction mechanisms
Authors: Atkinson Molly B. , Croisant Michael , Bretz Stacey Lowery
Published: October 2020

Reaction coordinate diagrams (RCDs) are an important tool used to visualize the energetics of a chemical reaction. RCDs provide information about the kinetics of the reaction, the mechanism by which the reaction occurs, and the relative thermodynamic stability of the molecules in a reaction. Previous research studies have characterized student thinking about chemical kinetics, including their confusion in distinguishing between kinetics and thermodynamics. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 44 students enrolled in a second-semester, first-year undergraduate chemistry course to elicit students’ ideas about surface features of RCDs and to examine how students connect those surface features to features of particulate-level reaction mechanisms. Students were provided both a gas-phase reaction and its accompanying RCD, and then they were asked to choose the particulate-level reaction mechanism that best corresponded to both the reaction and the RCD from among several possible particulate-level reaction mechanisms. Students were asked to explain their reasoning throughout the interview. Findings include students who chose the correct mechanism with appropriate reasoning, as well as students who chose the correct mechanism yet still expressed inaccurate ideas related to the surface features of RCDs and the concepts encoded within them. Students struggled to explain and reason with surface features such as peaks, valleys, and peak height. Moreover, students frequently found it difficult to identify meaningful connections between these surface features, the stoichiometry of the reaction, and the steps in a reaction mechanism. In addition, many students failed to mention important features of RCDs when describing their reasoning about the connections between particulate-level reaction mechanisms and RCDs. The implications for incorporating these research findings into teaching practices in first-year undergraduate chemistry contexts are discussed.
Click and count: specific detection of acid ceramidase activity in live cells
Authors: Casasampere Mireia , Izquierdo Eduardo , Casas Josefina , Abad José Luís , Liu Xiao , Xu Ruijuan , Mao Cungui , Chang Young-Tae , Delgado Antonio , Fabrias Gemma
Published: October 2020

The use of intact cells in medical research offers a number of advantages over employing cell-free systems.
Long-range mechanical signaling in biological systems
Authors: Alisafaei Farid , Chen Xingyu , Leahy Thomas , Janmey Paul A. , Shenoy Vivek B.
Published: October 2020

Cells can respond to signals generated by other cells that are remarkably far away.
Integrating P2 into O′3 toward a robust Mn-Based layered cathode for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Liu Zhaoguo , Jiang Kezhu , Chu Shiyong , Wu Jianghua , Xu Hang , Zhang Xueping , Wang Peng , Guo Shaohua , Zhou Haoshen
Published: October 2020

Manganese-based layered cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries are attractive on account of the superiorities of high capacity and cost effectiveness.
Triple perovskite oxide as an advanced pseudocapacitive material: multifarious element approach with an ordered structure
Authors: Tomar Anuj Kumar , Joshi Akanksha , Singh Gurmeet , Sharma Raj Kishore
Published: October 2020

High capacitance and large potential window are prerequisites for high energy density aqueous supercapacitors.
CircSERPINE2 weakens IL-1β-caused apoptosis and extracellular matrix degradation of chondrocytes by regulating miR-495/TGFBR2 axis
Authors: Zhang Qingpu , Qiao Xiaomiao , Xia Wenwei
Published: October 2020

The dysregulated circular RNAs (circRNAs) are relevant to the development of osteoarthritis (OA). The circRNA serpin family E member 2 (circSERPINE2) is dysregulated in OA, while the role and mechanism of circSERPINE2 in OA are largely unknown. The aim of our research is to explore how and whether circSERPINE2 regulates interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-caused chondrocyte damage in OA. In the present study, the chondrocytes (CHON-001 cells) were exposed to IL-1β to mimic the injury in OA. CircSERPINE2, microRNA-495 (miR-495) and transforming growth factor-β receptor 2 (TGFBR2) abundances were detected via quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) or Western blot. Cell apoptosis was assessed via viability, apoptotic rate and caspase-3 activity. Extracellular matrix was investigated by levels of Sry-type high-mobility-group box 9 (SOX9), collagen type II α 1 (COL2A1) and Aggrecan using Western blot. The interaction among circSERPINE2, miR-495 and TGFBR2 was assessed via dual-luciferase reporter analysis and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP). The results showed that circSERPINE2 expression was reduced in OA patients and IL-1β-treated chondrocytes. CircSERPINE2 overexpression mitigated IL-1β-caused apoptosis and extracellular matrix degradation. miR-495 was targeted by circSERPINE2 and up-regulated in OA patients and IL-1β-treated chondrocytes. miR-495 up-regulation reversed overexpression of circSERPINE2-mediated inhibition of apoptosis and extracellular matrix degradation. TGFBR2 was targeted by miR-495 and lowly expressed in OA patients and IL-1β-treated chondrocytes. CircSERPINE2 could mediate TGFBR2 expression by binding with miR-495. As a conclusion, circSERPINE2 attenuated IL-1β-caused apoptosis and extracellular matrix degradation of chondrocytes by regulating miR-495/TGFBR2 axis, indicating a new target for OA treatment.
Eicosanoid blood vessel regulation in physiological and pathological states
Authors: Imig John D.
Published: October 2020

Arachidonic acid can be metabolized in blood vessels by three primary enzymatic pathways; cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LO), and cytochrome P450 (CYP). These eicosanoid metabolites can influence endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell function. COX metabolites can cause endothelium-dependent dilation or constriction. Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) and thromboxane (TXA2) act on their respective receptors exerting opposing actions with regard to vascular tone and platelet aggregation. LO metabolites also influence vascular tone. The 12-LO metabolite 12S-hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (12S-HETE) is a vasoconstrictor whereas the 15-LO metabolite 11,12,15-trihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (11,12,15-THETA) is an endothelial-dependent hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). CYP enzymes produce two types of eicosanoid products: EDHF vasodilator epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and the vasoconstrictor 20-HETE. The less-studied cross-metabolites generated from arachidonic acid metabolism by multiple pathways can also impact vascular function. Likewise, COX, LO, and CYP vascular eicosanoids interact with paracrine and hormonal factors such as the renin–angiotensin system and endothelin-1 (ET-1) to maintain vascular homeostasis. Imbalances in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell COX, LO, and CYP metabolites in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases result in vascular dysfunction. Restoring the vascular balance of eicosanoids by genetic or pharmacological means can improve vascular function in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Nevertheless, future research is necessary to achieve a more complete understanding of how COX, LO, CYP, and cross-metabolites regulate vascular function in physiological and pathological states.
An extremely hot white dwarf with a rapidly rotating K-type subgiant companion: UCAC2 46706450
Authors: Werner Klaus , Reindl Nicole , Löbling Lisa , Pelisoli Ingrid , Schaffenroth Veronika , Rebassa-Mansergas Alberto , Irawati Puji , Ren Juanjuan
Published: October 2020

The subgiant UCAC2 46706450 is a late-type star with an ultraviolet (UV) excess. It was considered as a candidate to establish a sample of stars of spectral type F, G, and K with white dwarf (WD) companions that could be used to test binary evolution models. To verify the WD nature of the companion, UV spectroscopy has previously been performed by other authors. Via a detailed model-atmosphere analysis, we show that the UV source is an extremely hot WD with an effective temperature ofTeff= 105 000 ± 5000 K, mass ofM∕M⊙= 0.54 ± 0.02, radius ofR/R⊙= 0.040−0.004+0.005, and luminosity ofL/L⊙= 176−49+55, meaning that the compact object is just about to enter the WD cooling sequence. Investigating spectra of the cool star (Teff= 4945 ± 250 K), we found that it is a K-type subgiant withM∕M⊙= 0.8−2.4,R/R⊙= 5.9−0.5+0.7, andL/L⊙= 19−5+5that is rapidly rotating withvsin(i) = 81 km s−1. Optical light curves reveal a period of two days and ano-band peak-to-peak amplitude of 0.06 mag. We suggest that it is caused by stellar rotation in connection with star spots. With the radius, we infer an extremely high rotational velocity ofvrot= 151−13+18km s−1, thus marking the star as one of the most rapidly rotating subgiants known. This explains chromospheric activity observed by Hαemission and emission-line cores in Ca IIH and K as well as NUV flux excess. From equal and constant radial velocities of the WD and the K subgiant as well as from a fit to the spectral energy distribution, we infer that they form a physical, wide (though unresolved) binary system. Both components exhibit similar metal abundances and show iron-group elements with slightly oversolar (up to 0.6 dex) abundance, meaning that atomic diffusion in the WD atmosphere is not yet active due to a residual, weak radiation-driven wind. Kinematically and from its height above the Galactic plane, the system belongs to the Galactic thick disk, indicating that it is an old system and that the initial masses of both stars were close to 1M⊙.
Evolution of a migrating giant planet in the presence of an inclined binary companion
Authors: Roisin A. , Libert A.-S.
Published: October 2020

Aims. There are a growing number of giant planets discovered moving around one stellar component of a binary star, most of which have very diverse eccentricity. These discoveries raise the question of their formation and long-term evolution because the stellar companion can strongly affect the planet formation process. We aim to study the dynamical influence of a wide binary companion on the evolution of a single giant planet migrating in a protoplanetary disk.

Methods. Using a symplectic N-body integrator adapted for binary star systems and modeling the dissipation due to the disk by appropriate formulae emerging from hydrodynamical simulations, we carried out 3200 simulations with different orbital parameters for the planet and different eccentricity and inclination values for the binary companion. The long-term evolution of the planets was followed for 100 Myr and the different dynamical behaviors were unveiled using a quadrupolar Hamiltonian approach.

Results. We show that a capture in a Lidov-Kozai resonant state is far from automatic when the binary companion star is highly inclined, since only 36% of the systems end up locked in the resonance at the end of the simulations. Nevertheless, in the presence of a highly inclined binary companion, all the planetary evolutions are strongly influenced by the Lidov-Kozai resonance and the nonresonant evolutions present high eccentricity and inclination variations associated with circulation around the Lidov-Kozai islands.
The spin-orbit alignment of visual binaries
Authors: Justesen A. B. , Albrecht S.
Published: October 2020

Context. The angle between the stellar spin-axis and the orbital plane of a stellar or planetary companion has important implications for the formation and evolution of such systems. A study by Hale (1994, AJ, 107, 306) found that binaries with separations a ≲ 30 au are preferentially aligned while binaries on wider orbits are frequently misaligned.

Aims. We aim to test the robustness of the Hale study results by reanalysing the sample of visual binaries with measured rotation periods using independently derived stellar parameters and a Bayesian formalism.

Methods. Our analysis is based on a combination of data from the Hale study and newly obtained spectroscopic data from the Hertzsprung SONG telescope, combined with astrometric data from Gaia DR2 and the Washington Double Star Catalog. We combine measurements of stellar radii and rotation periods to obtain stellar rotational velocities v. Rotational velocities v are combined with measurements of projected rotational velocities v sin i to derive posterior probability distributions of stellar inclination angles i. We determine line-of-sight projected spin-orbit angles by comparing stellar inclination angles with astrometric orbital inclination angles.

Results. We find that the precision of the available data is insufficient to make inferences about the spin-orbit alignment of visual binaries. The data are equally compatible with alignment and misalignment at all orbital separations.

Conclusions. We conclude that the previously reported trend that binaries with separations a ≲ 30 au are preferentially aligned is spurious. The spin-orbit alignment distribution of visual binaries is unconstrained. Based on simulated observations, we predict that it will be difficult to reach the sufficient precision in v sin i, rotation periods, and orbital inclination required to make robust statistical inferences about the spin-orbit alignment of visual binaries.
Phase-angle dependence of colour ratios and potential implications for lunar remote sensing
Authors: Yang Yazhou , Ma Pei , Qiao Le , Zhang Hao , Jin Weidong , Jiang Te , Liu Yang , Zou Yongliao
Published: October 2020

Context.The colour-ratio technique has been widely used in mapping planetary surfaces, but its solar phase-angle dependence is not well understood. Understanding the phase-angle dependence of the colour ratio would enhance our abilities in interpreting planetary remote sensing data.

Aims.We aim to investigate the dependence of the colour ratio indices on mineralogy, phase angle, particle size, and the degree of simulated space weathering.

Methods.We measured the multi-band (i.e. 458, 633, 750, and 905 nm) and multi-angle reflectance spectra of four typical lunar-type minerals with different particle sizes using a custom multi-angular imaging device.

Results.The colour ratio does have a phase-angle dependence that is more sensitive to the mineralogy and wavelength and less sensitive to particle size distribution.

Conclusions.The combined analysis of the colour ratio and its phase dependence can improve efficiency in mapping the lunar surface. With a prior knowledge of the phase behaviours of colour ratios of specific lunar-type minerals, an optimised colour ratio at certain phase angles can be found to efficiently distinguish the composition of a target surface.
Q methodology to determine distinguishing and consensus factors (a case study of university students’ ecoliteracy on disaster risk reduction)
Authors: Rahma Aldila , Mardiatno Djati , Rahmawati Hizbaron Dyah
Published: October 2020

Q methodology is to measure the diversity of human subjectivity, such as perspective, mindset, preferences, opinions, and attitudes. It is one of the approaches applied in mixed methods research. This paper is part of a preliminary study that aims to examine the application of Q methodology. Fourteen undergraduate students from the Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada, participated in this study. Data collected with Q sorting techniques using the Q-Sortware, and analyzed with Principal Component Analysis using KADE desktop. Both are software used specifically in Q methodology research. The method implementation aims to determine the distinguishing factors and consensus of students’ ecoliteracy components on disaster risk reduction. The research showed that Q-Sortware tends to facilitate researchers in collecting data. However, it is quite complicated and less practical for participants. Meanwhile, the KADE desktop has an attractive interface with a tutorial that makes it easy to use. By analyzing the case study, the result showed that the students’ ecoliteracy component is represented by five distinguishing factors and two consensus statements, with cumulative variations explained by 68 %. This study is, however, limited by the performance of quantitative procedures without in-depth qualitative data interpretation.
Vulnerability assessment of residential buildings to tidal flood hazards in Sriwulan Village, Sayung District, Demak Regency
Authors: Afifah Sani , Hizbaron Dyah Rahmawati
Published: October 2020

Tidal floods are among the destructive hazards to coastal settlements. In December of 2017, extreme tidal floods impacted 3, 500 houses in Sriwulan Village, Sayung District, Demak Regency. This research was intended to (1) asses the vulnerability levels of the residential buildings and (2) analyze the most influencing factors. The assessment was based on the scenarios built with a 150cm-high tidal flood, as observed during the 2017 event and projected for the subsequent five years (2022). The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Spatial Multi-Criteria Evaluation (SMCE) were used in four scenarios, namely, hazard, physical, environmental, and economic. The equal scenario was also developed as a comparison to the first four scenarios to achieve the second objective. Based on the physical, environmental, and equal scenarios, 22 houses distributed throughout most of the areas of Nyangkringan Sub-Village fell into the category of highly vulnerable. The most determinants of the vulnerability are related to the physical and environmental parameters. The former includes the design flood elevation, building maintenance, and building materials, while the latter consists of the source of tidal floods and their preventive measures, distance to water bodies, and accessibility.
Effects of heavy rainfall on the slope stability – A case study on Imogiri Cemetery: The graveyard complex of Mataram Royal Kings
Authors: Fadilah Shofwatul , Luknanto Djoko
Published: October 2020

Rainfall is the most common cause of landslides in Indonesia. On March 17, 2019, a landslide occurred in the Imogiri Cemetery, Mataram Royal Kings Graveyard Complex. It was expected to have been triggered by heavy rainfall of 148 mm d–1intensity. This research aims to determine the effect of rainfall on the slope stability on the landslide at the Imogiri Cemetery. The study was carried out by slope stability modelling using Geostudio software. Rainfall information and soil characteristics data obtained from testing soil samples in the Soil Mechanics Laboratory, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, were used as input on the software. The output of the analysis is the factor of safety (FS) value, defined as the ratio of the shear strength to the shear stress. Without the rains, the FS value is about 2.44, which means the slope stability is stable. After heavy rainfall, the FS value decreased to 1.209 at the end of the simulation, which indicates happen the slope instability. Based on the simulation, the FS value depends on the volume of water content and hydraulic conductivity of the soil. Result of this study shows that heavy rainfall can trigger slope instability in the Imogiri Cemetery.
Keys of sustainable community-based waste management (lesson learnt from Yogyakarta City)
Authors: Fajarwati Alia , Setyaningrum Agustina , Rachmawati Rini , Prakoso Bambang Sriyanto Eko
Published: October 2020

In Indonesia, trough Sanimas (Community Based Sanitation Program), which is coordinated by the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing in collaboration with local governments and communities, establishes KSM (Community Self-Help Group) for Communal Liquid Waste Management Installations. The purpose of this study is to examine the factors that cause the sustainability of community-based liquid waste management. This research uses mixed methods, that is by analyzing quantitative data from the SKM (Community Satisfaction Survey) 2019 on the Implementation of Infrastructure Services in Yogyakarta City and then validated with primary data collected from semi-structured interviews with the head of KSM from the three well-managed Communal IPALs. Instead of the active participation of the community, the result shows in the case of Yogyakarta City, the key of Communal IPAL management sustainability is still more on the role and commitment of KSM or community leaders rather than the active participation of the community.
Nutrient content, fiber fraction and ethanol production of three cultivars (Pennisetum purpureum Scumach.)
Authors: Umami Nafiatul , Ananta Dwi , Bachruddin Zaenal , Suhartanto Bambang , Hanim Chusnul
Published: October 2020

This study aimed to determine nutrient content, fiber fraction, and ethanol production of three cultivars Pennisetum purpureum Schumach. Cultivars: tifton, king Thailand and local. The design of this study completed a randomized design of three Pennisetum purpureum Schumach cultivars, with three replications for each dose.Grasses were planted with space 1x1 m and then divided into three plots. Variables observed in the study included nutrient content (dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, and nitrogen-free extract), fiber fraction (crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber) and ethanol production. Data obtained were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance as completed randomized design and continued with Duncan’s new multiple range test for any difference detected. The results showed that cultivar’s variety of napiergrass was significant (P<0.05) on dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and ethanol production. King Thailand produced the highest dry matter (20.82%), crude protein (11.85%), neutral detergent fiber (69.55%), and ethanol production (55, 90 l/ton). Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that napiergrass cultivars give different results on dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and ethanol production. The best cultivar is King Thailand because it has the highest value on dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and ethanol production.
Quantification of agricultural land balance sheet of Purworejo District in 2009 and 2018
Authors: Nugroho Ananda Trisakti , Sudrajat Sudrajat
Published: October 2020

Some districts in Central Java have problems regarding the shrinkage of agricultural land area and a high decrease in the number of farm households. The increase in population and economic development is one reason for the increased demand for land to convert agricultural land. The faster rate of land use change can affect the conditions of domestic food availability in an area, so it is important to quantify the area of agricultural land to monitor changes in land area. This research aims to calculate changes in agricultural land area through the balance of agricultural land resources. This research was conducted with quantitative methods and analyzed descriptively and spatially. Agricultural land is calculated using the land resource balance through a skronto table in 2009 and 2018. The results show that a decrease in area is more dominant than an increase in land area. The largest decrease in total land area occurred in tegal/farm area of 21.12 % and paddy field area of 3.43 % of the previous area. Spatially, changes of land area influenced by land conversion with two factors, namely physical condition and accessibility of the area.
Suplementation Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in commercial feed on physic and chemical quality meat of hybrid duck
Authors: Addini Safira Amalina , Suwignyo Bambang , Hanim Chusnul
Published: October 2020

The aimed of this study was to determine the effect of suplementation level of alfafa (Medicago sativa L.) on hybrid duck’s meat quality with basal diet commercial feed. This study used in vivo tecnique on 108 hybrid ducks. The research consisted of 3 treatments and 6 replications, each replication consisted of 6 ducks. The treatments were P1 = commercial feed + 0 % fresh alfafa, P2 = commercial feed + 5 % alfafa, P3 = commercial feed + 10 % fresh alfafa. Alfalfa was calculated in dry matter based but offered in the form as fed. Feed and water was offered ad libitum. The variables measured include product appereance, carcass quality, physic and chemical hybrid duck’s meat. One way Completely randomized design was used in this research. All data collected was analized with Statistical Package for Sosial Science version 22. Data with significant differences were further tested with Duncan’s new Multiple Range Test. Data resulted significant differences (P<0.05) on water content, pH, water holding capasity, and coking loss of the meat among treatment, but not for crude protein, extract ether, and tenderness (P>0.05). Based on the data resulted, it can be concluded that commercial feed with 5 % alalfa suplementation (P2) was the best treatment to the physic and chemical quality meat of hybrid duck.
The impacts of COVID-19 pandemic to informal economic sector in Indonesia: Theoretical and empirical comparison
Authors: Pitoyo Agus Joko , Aditya Bagas , Amri Ikhwan
Published: October 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global multidimensional crisis, one of its impacts being the crisis on the informal economy. This paper presents a review of the effects of this pandemic on the informal economy, coupled with empirical evidence based on surveys conducted in Indonesia. Data used in this study was collected by an online survey during the pandemic. Theoretically, there are two points of view about the informal economy roles during a crisis: optimistic views that see informal economy survive in a crisis and pessimistic views that see the ongoing informal economy continue to suffer losses and also informal workers as vulnerable groups during a crisis. The research also discussed the impacts of the crisis triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic on informal employments and incomes, readiness in dealing with the pandemic, and the livelihood conditions of informal workers. The crisis as a result of this pandemic provides a new experience for the informal sector in dealing with the crisis. The informal sector is not always a hero during the crisis but rather an alternative sector that offers business flexibility.
Farm worker households in Wonorejo Village, Baluran National Park: socio-demographic characteristics and economic assets
Authors: Dewi Ratri Purnama , Martiwi Monita Deka , Aziza Yolanda Fikrina , Putri Ratih Fitria , Budiani Sri Rahayu , Tristan Abraham Cardénas
Published: October 2020

Wonorejo is one of the village near Baluran National Park, East Java that dominated by farm workers. The total farm workers in Wonorejo Village up to 45% by 2018. We know that farm workers are vulnerable groups which have high risk in poverty. But, these groups actually exist in the village. The purpose of this study is to describe socio-demographic characteristics and economic assets of farm worker households in Wonorejo Village, Baluran National Park, East Java. We used primary data with households survey and descriptive quantitative method of analysis. According to social characteristics it is known that the most of household heads of farm workers in Wonorejo Village did not finish primary school (46%) and only 65% of farm workers were all members in healthy condition. According to demographic characteristics, most of farm worker households were headed by male and the number of family members was quite diverse, the average age of farm workers more than 64 years. The result also showed that savings were the one of farm workers strategy for survival.
Chlorophyll-a variability during positive IOD - the east season period in 2019 in Padang Sea, Indonesia
Authors: Pelly Dandi Arianto , Marfai Muh Aris , Pangaribowo Evita Hanie , Fadholi Akhmad
Published: October 2020

This study aimed to identify the effect of the positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) phenomenon on the spatial, temporal distribution of chlorophyll-a concentrations in the East Season in Padang Sea in 2019. The method used in this research was the Kriging analysis method applied in oceanographic parameter satellite imagery extraction point data. By applying the method, we produced the maps of the spatial distribution variation of chlorophyll-a content and Sea Surface Temperature (SST). The data of IOD events in 2019 showed the occurrence of a strong positive IOD phenomenon that caused anomaly in the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in Padang Sea. The interpretation of Aqua-Modis level 2 satellite image data showed that the sea surface temperature during the East Season was relatively cold, which was in the minimum temperature ranging from 18.5-22°C with a normal temperature condition of 28-29°C. The minimum chlorophyll-a concentration in the East Season was 0.252 mg/m3; while the maximum value reached 18.5 mg/m3. The distribution value of chlorophyll-a concentration was 1.028 mg/m3.The RMSe Cross Validation value obtained was 0.504 for SST and 0.363 for chlorophyll-a with a mean SST of -0.0005 and mean chlorophyll-a of -0.0039.