bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial properties of intestinal microbiota of the Japanese sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus
Authors: Bogatyrenko E A , Dunkay T I , Kim A V , Yunusova I O , Ponomareva A L , Eskova A I
Published: August 2019

The ability of 134 bacterial strains isolated from the digestive system of the Japanese sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus to inhibit the growth of Vibrio alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus, V. splendidus, Staphylococcus aureus, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli was studied. 17 strains (13%) had different level of antimicrobial activity against investigated test -cultures, 8 (6%) of them were bacteria of the genus Bacillus. The highest antimicrobial activity was demonstrated by the strains Bacillus sp. K32, Arthrobacter sp. A16, Kocuria sp. A34, Bacillus megaterium K13 and Pseudoalteromonas sp. K59. The results indicate a high potential of symbiotic microflora of Apostichopus japonicus to confront pathogenic microorganisms.
Evaluation of background content of priority contaminating substances in atmospheric air at the pre-design stage of construction of landfill solid waste disposal
Authors: Sereda T G
Published: August 2019

The article is devoted to experimental studies to determine the approximate values of background concentrations of pollutants in the ambient air in the area of the proposed construction of solid waste landfill. By preliminary calculations of dispersion priority substances for which it is necessary to determine their background concentration were identified. A number of situ measurements of concentrations in atmospheric air were carried out for the selected substances. According to the results of measurements, the most probable laws of distribution of random variables are determined. Also the quota of air pollution by solid waste landfill on the basis of existing sanitary standards of air quality is determined.
Optimal weight and power parameters of crawler tractors to reduce pressure on the soil
Authors: Yuferev S S , Lesovskaya M I , Olentsova Yu A
Published: August 2019

Crawler and wheeled vehicles are used in a variety of soil and climatic conditions. In the Krasnoyarsk region crawler tractors have a number of advantages. They have a higher traction efficiency, low fuel consumption, and low pressure on the soil. Reducing the pressure on the soil helps to preserve its structure and fertility. This fact is relevant for the agro-industrial complex of Siberia. At present, the vehicle fleet of general-purpose crawler tractors is being reduced. This is due not only to economic reasons, but also the lack of justification for their operation. The paper shows the optimal weight and power parameters. The use of triangular crawler track increases traction efficiency by 3.0% and significantly expands the traction range of effective use of the tractor. For tractors of 4 and 5 classes, the optimal range of change in operating power is 140…175 kW, it corresponds to the optimal range of change in weight 8.5…9.5 tons. For tractors of 5 and 6 classes, optimal interval of changing the operating power is 155…210 kW, it corresponds to the interval of weight change 10, 5…12, 0 tons. Regulation of operating parameters is produced with a change in the coefficient of engine adaptability from 1.2 to 1.4.
Monitoring of drinking water quality from the distribution network of the regional centralized water supply
Authors: Bayanova A A
Published: August 2019

The territory of the Irkutsk region belongs to one of the most endowed with fresh water. Along with this, monitoring studies to provide residents with quality drinking water from the distribution network of centralized water supply revealed an excess of hygienic standards. The discrepancy is due to the excess content in drinking water of iron, manganese, nitrates, magnesium, increased rigidity, the presence of common and thermotolerant coliform bacteria. The main causes of poor quality of drinking water are identified, the sources of systematic pollution of water bodies are called. It was recommended to conduct activities that bring the quality of drinking water into line with the requirements of current legislation.
Environmental monitoring: personalized access approach to the remote sensing information resources
Authors: Kovalev I V , Kovalev D I , Karaseva M V , Brezitskaya V V , Voroshilova A A
Published: August 2019

The article considers the necessity to apply a user profile operating with the earth remote sensing information used in the environmental monitoring. The stages of forming a user profile are presented; a dynamic profile model is given. It allows to take into account both long-term and short-term profiles. The main attention is paid to the following issues in describing the stages of user personalization: monitoring the user’s activity; creating user profiles; evaluating the effectiveness of personification. The proposed approach has been successfully implemented for the environmental monitoring of the power plants.
Dynamics of trichloroethylene adsorption on activated carbons
Authors: Gorelkina A K , Krasnova T A , Timoshchuk I V , Gora N V , Golubeva N S
Published: August 2019

We studied trichloroethylene adsorption from aqueous solutions on activated carbons (SKD-515, ABG, and Purolat-Standart brands), which differ in composition, method of production, structure and surface chemical state. Performance time of the filter layer before the breakthrough decreased in SKD-515 > ABG > Purolat-Standart respectively, which was caused by their porous structure and the nature of functional oxygen-containing groups on carbon surface. The interaction of trichloroethylene with functional groups of carbon surface was also noted. We studied the layer height on efficiency of trichloroethylene adsorption on different activated carbons at a constant flow rate. The reduction of the solution flow rate through the filter contributed to the increase of the dynamic adsorption capacity, which indisputably proved pore diffusion resistance of mass transfer.
Ecological and agrochemical bases of the nitrogen regime of typical chernozem depending on agrotechnical methods
Authors: Stupakov A G , Orekhovskaya A A , Kulikova M A , Manokhina L A , Panin S I , Geltukhina V I
Published: August 2019

In the environment of the southwestern part of the Central Black Earth Region (Central Chernozem) of the Russian Federation, an increase in the content of alkali-hydrolyzable and nitrate nitrogen, as well as an increase in the soil nitrification capacity in typical chernozem, is mainly due to increasing doses of mineral fertilizers, manure aftereffects, the use of perennial grasses in crop rotation as precursors of winter wheat, and for the most part, plowing in the main tillage system. The most noticeable variation in the content of alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen in the soil is 20-50 cm in soil, and soil nitrification capacity in the 0-20 cm layer. Nitrate nitrogen is characterized by the most significant increase in its content in the soil layer 0-20 cm with a combination of mineral fertilizers and manure, especially by plowing. The tendency to increase the nitrate content in the underlying layers is due to the use of an overdose of mineral fertilizer for winter wheat - N120P120K120 + N60 (saturation of 1 ha of the crop rotational area in the grass-growing crop rotation N84P124K124 and in the grain-growing crop rotation N120P124K124) and due to the aftereffects for the fourth year 40 and 80 t/ha of manure (saturation 8 and 16 t/ha). In the grain grass crop rotation, this is common in all studied soil layers — 0–20, 20–50 and 50–100 cm, and in grain cultivation crop rotation, only the 0–20 and 20–50 cm layers.
Nanostructured dolomite flour for soil liming
Authors: Bikkinina L M-H , Ezhkov V O , Yapparov I A , Katnov V E , Ilyasov M M
Published: August 2019

The nanostructured dolomite flour is produced by ultrasonic dispersion of dolomite flour. It is a suspension of evenly distributed mineral particles in deionized water. The visualized surface showed that the minerals had particles of various sizes and shapes. The structure of dolomite flour was represented by a conglomerate of 0.25–1.0 µm. The particle size of nanostructured dolomite flour ranged from 40.0-120.0 nm, the average size was 50.04 nm. The highly dispersed crushing of dolomite flour conglomerates contributed to an increase in the contact area of particles and the soil; it accelerated their interaction. Shift pHsalt. by 0.3 units, and an increase in the grain of spring wheat by 2.0% using a nanostructured analogue in doses of 0.1 g. and 0.05 Hr. were comparable at a flow rate of 10 and 20 times less compared with dolomite flour at a dose of 1.0 Hr respectively.
Influence of cultivation technologies of agricultural crops with the use of machines and tools of domestic and foreign production for the dry area of the South of Russia
Authors: Grechishkina Y I , Golosnoy E V , Esaulko A N , Sigida M S , Ozheredova A Y
Published: August 2019

The problems of improving the tillage systems and crop cultivation technologies are of particular relevance both in terms of energy savings and, in general, resource conservation. The article describes various tillage systems using machines and implements of domestic and foreign production for the arid zone of southern Russia. The initial position in the development of cultivation technology of crops are agroecological requirements of the crop and variety to the growing conditions. Sequential overcoming of factors that reduce crop yields and product quality allows us to form the most optimal growing technology for specific climatic conditions of the economy. The article describes the tillage systems - moldboard, resource-saving using domestic tillage equipment, resource-based on foreign technology and recommended using combined technology, which has different effects on the conservation and accumulation of productive moisture. With the moldboard tillage, these indicators are the smallest, and resource-saving systems give approximately the same results when determining the stock of productive moisture in all phases of crop development. Different tillage systems for crop rotation affect the agrophysical indicators of fertility - aggregate composition, water strength, structural coefficient to the same extent. Moldboard tillage system causes the lowest density of soil in the cultivation of crop rotation in comparison with various resource-saving systems, as for the porosity of the soil, in most cases, these indicators of large values are marked by moldboard tillage. Resource-saving tillage systems significantly complicate the phytosanitary situation in the cultivation of crop rotation in comparison with the moldboard tillage system.
Estimation of surface subsidence during tunneling
Authors: Vershinina L P , Vershinin M I
Published: August 2019

The limitations of the traditional methods of assessing the surface subsidence and the state of structures and natural objects in mining operations are shown. An innovative approach to predicting the surface subsidence during tunneling is proposed. A model has been developed to forecast and estimate the land surface subsidence and deformation at any point of the displacement trough in an arbitrary direction at various stages of the tunneling. The model can be used not only at the design stage of tunnels, but also in the process of their construction.
The organization of the territory of agricultural land use in the South of Russia on an environmental-landscape basis (using the example of an agricultural enterprise)
Authors: Pismennaya E V , Volters I A , Yu Azarova M , Stukalo V A
Published: August 2019

The key position of grain farming and livestock in the South of Russia in the economic sphere is due to the fact that it can be the main factor in ensuring food security and the main condition for the sustainable development of agriculture and the agro-industrial sector as a means of using soil, climatic, orographic and conditions of the land use effectively. These factors make it possible to consider an increase in grain and livestock production for the market a strategic task for the region, and first of all, as an indicator of the most efficient use of the natural resource potential of the territory. An analytical study is conducted on the database management of two multi-parameter systems, the environment and the crop and livestock production state on the basis of reports and statistical materials. The analysis of the current industries state is aimed at identifying decision-making methods for managing agricultural land productivity based on agro-ecological and landscape zoning of the territory of an agribusiness. Currently, there are conditions when it is necessary to switch to a new scientifically based model of the spatial business organization. This will allow implementing the strategy of environmentally adaptive intensification of crop and livestock production. This approach is based on the identification of seven agro-ecological groups of lands and the placement of field, forage and soil-protection crop rotations on them, taking into account the proposed model of the soil-protective complex, reducing the manifestation of water and wind erosion. Such an approach in the use of the territory of an agribusiness will correspond to the grain and livestock specialization of the third agricultural zone of the Stavropol region.
Waste management of dark coniferous trees debarking for producing antibacterial preparations
Authors: Krotova I V , Gulenkova G S , Osmolovskaya N A , Yu Smirnov R
Published: August 2019

The article presents the results of studying the antibacterial activity of fir tree and Siberian spruce bark water extracts. As test objects, pathogenic (3-4 hazard class) and saprotrophic bacteria were used. It has been shown that the studied aqueous extracts of dark-coniferous bark do not exhibit biocide activity against the conditionally pathogenic bacterium Escherichia coli. However, all the other studied bacteria are sensitive to the extracts analyzed both on day 3 and day 13. At the same time, the aqueous extract of the Siberian fir bark has a higher biocide activity against conditionally pathogenic and saprotrophic bacteria in comparison with the aqueous extract of the Siberian spruce bark. The antibacterial activity of aqueous extracts of the studied plants bark is determined by their chemical composition, primarily the presence of substances of a phenolic nature. It has been shown that the studied extracts mainly contain compounds of quercetin, dihydroquercetin and kaempferol.
Research experience of the plant development stability in areas with a high anthropogenic load
Authors: Ivantsova E N , Uvarov V M
Published: August 2019

A multi-year assessment of the impact of the mining industry anthropogenic stress on a stable development of white birch (Betula pendula Roth.) and green strawberries (Fragaria viridis) has been carried out. The results showed that the stable development of the white birch is annually decreasing, which is explained both by the influence of climatic conditions and the increase in anthropogenic load. In contrast to birch, green strawberries demonstrate a strong fluctuation in the indicators of a stable developmental depending on the climatic conditions of the year, which most likely have a decisive influence on the development homeostasis. This species is better used to detect local pollution.
Priming dose in distributed injection systems of overheated alcohol fuel
Authors: Egorov A V , Lysyannikov A V , Kaizer Yu F , Shram V G , Lysyannikova N N , Kuznetsov A V , Tyukanov V L , Kaizer O A
Published: August 2019

The expansion of the use of alcohol-containing fuels is evidenced by the release to the market of vehicles operating on benzoethanol mixtures E85 and E90, as well as on pure fuel ethanol E100. For regions with a temperate and cold climate (Russia, USA, Canada, Western Europe), the lack of fuel systems, which make it possible to launch and operate engines on pure alcohols (n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl), restrains, among other reasons, the widespread use of alcohols as motor fuels. According to numerous studies, an engine operating on pure alcohols can be started at temperatures above 10 ° C, at lower temperatures it becomes impossible to start and for its implementation at least 10-15% of the priming dose of gasoline is introduced into alcohols. The priming dose of gasoline in gas-alcohol mixtures can be replaced by a priming dose of alcohol injected into the intake manifold in a superheated state. This technical solution is proposed in patents for inventions of the Russian Federation of the authors. This article is devoted to the scientific and technical rationale for the efficiency of the use of pure superheated alcohols in injection systems and their impact on the effective performance of internal combustion engines with forced ignition.
Studying the effect of preplanting tillage on the germination and forage productivity of Kochia prostrate in the northern desert of Kazakhstan
Authors: Mukhambetov B , Kabiev E , Abdinov R
Published: August 2019

The earlier studies about the efficiency of the main tillage showed that at the overall tillage for Kochia prostrate sowing don not guarantee the uniformgermination throughout the field, both in space and in time. It is due to theunsatisfactory water-physical conditions of the subsurface soil where seeds lie. Taking it into account, a farming system is being developed. It is aimed at accumulating and preserving moisture in the soil strips (10-15 cm wide, repeatedin 45-50 cm in the virgin soil), treated with a help of the method of a surface excavation of a loose soil layer with the formation of a solid compacted bed where seeds of Kochia prostrate are placed. The research results showed a high efficiency of harvesting the upper loose soil layer in strips with a width of 10-15 cm to a depth of 5-8 cm with the creation of a highly compacted solid seed bed, without conducting basic soil cultivation. In this variant, the optimum completeness of seedlings and a rather high yield of forage by fodder mass of Kochia prostrate were obtained 3.12 g / ha on average over three years. Earlier, before the development of this research, Kochia prostrate with annual sowing provided only 2 years of full-fledged germination from five years of sowing. Then as a result of the conducted research, a number of years providing full-fledged germination has reduced to 4 years of sowing.
Application of silver nanoparticles to improve wheat seedlings growth
Authors: Asanova A A , Yashin S E , Trofimova T V , Polonskiy V I
Published: August 2019

In the current study, the effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized under the action of “green” reagent glucose, on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat were investigated. Nanoparticles had a spherical shape and an average size of about 10 nm. Wheat seeds and seedlings were cultivated in Petri dishes for 3-7 days. After this, the number of germinated seeds, shoot and root fresh mass, and root length were measured. The results showed that the concentration range of 0.001-0.5 mg/L had no effect on seed germination, while the enhanced concentration induced an inhibitory effect. It was found that AgNPs had led to an increase in shoot and root fresh mass in the range of 0.06-1 mg/L and in the range of 0.03-0.1 mg/L, respectively. Beyond the concentrations up to 3 and 5 mg/L shoot and root fresh mass were inhibited respectively. Application of tested nanoparticles in the range of 0.005-0.5 mg/L caused an increase in root length of wheat. AgNPs at the concentration over 5 mg/L caused root length inhibition. The results show that AgNPs in the range of 0.06-0.5 mg/L may hold significant applications in agriculture and could provide as an alternative source of ecofriendly fertilizer for wheat.
Food forest resources as a component of environmental management
Authors: Stepakova N N , Kiseleva T F , Koryakina N A , Frolova N A , Yu Reznichenko I
Published: August 2019

Forest resources are concerned as renewable natural biological resources. Wood is the main type of forest operation products. Non-timber and food forest resources are also valuable. The article presents an overview of food forest resources of Far Eastern Federal District, such as wild berry, walnut raw materials and pharmaceuticals, and the main ways of its using in industrial production. Article shows food forest resources harvest by types. The main share of it contains mushrooms and berries. Food forest resources harvesting and processing are advanced direction in environmental management, which can stimulate the development of new production organization approaches in related spheres: food, processing and agro-industrial industries.
Governmental support of environmental protection and reducing of the negative consequences of adverse effects on the environment of the Krasnoyarsk region
Authors: Letyagina E A , Dadayan E V , Storozheva A N
Published: August 2019

The relevance of the research on the issues of governmental protection of the environment and reducing the adverse impact on the environmental situation of the agglomeration is due, first of all, to important problems in developing a favorable environment and protecting it in the regions with a large number of urban settlements.
Some areas of agribusiness participation to ensure food security of the Yenisei Siberia
Authors: Trofimova S A , Trofimova I B , Gotsko L G
Published: August 2019

The study analyzes the indicators of production and actual consumption of certain types of food in the territories of Tyva, the Republic of Khakassia and Krasnoyarsk Krai united in the Yenisei Siberia. The research makes conclusions about ensuring food security on the basis of the ratio of actual consumption, production and norms of rational food consumption and suggests some directions for agribusiness to be involved in food security.
Environmentally friendly technologies for obtaining fuels for agricultural energy
Authors: Baranova M P , Grishina I I , Bastron T N
Published: August 2019

The paper describes some ways of greening the agricultural energy industry, in particular, methods of utilizing industrial waste to produce fuel briquettes using pig manure as a binder and creating a biogas plant in the climatic conditions of Siberia, which allows organic waste (manure, bird droppings, household waste) to be recycled etc. The optimal ratios of the initial components in the briquette mixture are revealed. It is established that the best compositions, taking into account the strength of the briquettes obtained, are briquettes with coal of grade D - up to 10%: grade B2 - from 60%: manure with moisture content 72% - not more than 30%. It was determined that reducing the proportion of binder (manure) to 15% leads to the need to increase the pressure of the press to 300 kgf / cm2. Adding manure in the briquette changes the burning characteristics, the briquette burns longer, and it becomes possible to reduce the pressure. The data on the kinetics of drying the prepared briquettes with the determination of the optimal mode providing explosion-fire safety and the absence of volatile substances were obtained. The possibility of introducing biogas technologies into the agricultural sector of the Krasnoyarsk Territory economy has been considered.
Dust emissions of industrial enterprises as a factor of negative impact on the agricultural territories
Authors: May I V , Yu Zagorodnov S
Published: August 2019

The study is devoted to the determination of the dispersed and component composition of industrial dust emissions as factors of a potential negative impact on the quality of atmospheric air, precipitation and soil, including agricultural use. It is shown that the dust emissions of ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy, engineering and the mining industry facilities have a complex composition, including toxic heavy metals. The presence in emissions of fine-dispersed fractions (PM10, PM2.5) causes the transfer of contaminants over long distances. The location of agricultural areas in close proximity to industrial enterprises can lead to snow and soil contamination by heavy metals. Agricultural plants can be included in the chain of heavy metals migration and accumulate them. In order to develop measures for the protection of environmental objects, studies have been carried out on the in-depth analysis of the component and dispersion composition of emissions. An estimate of the distribution areas of emissions has been performed. Proposals for the organization of environmental monitoring are developed.
Determination of the stress state in the deformation zone under local loading
Authors: Melnik Yury , Zaides Semen , Bobrovskij Nikolaj , Cao Cuong Ngo , Levitskih Olesja , Petr Salov , Lukyanov Aleksey
Published: August 2019

Based on the theory of small elastoplastic deformations and the finite element method, a mathematical model of local loading was created using the ANSYS application program, which allows determination of the stress state in the deformation zone and residual stresses in the hardened part. Paper studies the influence of various factors on the stress state: ball diameter, penetration depth and the cylindrical sample diameter. The results show that using the finite element method in the analysis of technological processes of hardening gives a deeper understanding of the stress development that occurs during the deformation of the workpiece. The process in question can be implemented without the use of environmentally hazardous lubricating cooling technological means, which makes it possible to attribute it in the future to one of the types of green mechanical processing technologies.
Experimental investigation of aerodynamic properties of colour pigment for calcium silicate bricks
Authors: Yu Klimenti N , Khorzova L I , Azarov D V , Vlasova O S
Published: August 2019

At construction industry enterprises, in particular at plants manufacturing coloured calcium silicate bricks, aerosols and fine dusts of raw materials are formed in the course of various processes of grinding, transporting, mixing, pouring etc. They are characterized by a high degree of dispersion and high concentration in working zone air and exceed the Maximum Permissible Concentrations by several times. One of the most significant reasons for increased dust amount in the air of working zones of industrial shops is the presence of locations of dust wastes storage. For the purpose of complete evaluation of dust conditions inside an industrial shop for components mixing for coloured calcium silicate bricks, it is necessary to investigate the dispersion process and the aerodynamic properties of the finest dust – colour pigment. The authors have conducted experimental investigations of the aerodynamic properties of colour pigment for calcium silicate bricks and formulated the conclusions.
Environmental problems of fighting fires in the permafrost zone
Authors: Orlovsky S N , Berdnikova L N , Kukhar I V , Martynovskaia S N
Published: August 2019

The impact of existing methods and technologies for extinguishing forest fires in the permafrost zone of the Krasnoyarsk Territory has been studied. Technologies to extinguish forest fires and the design of tools intended to carry them out environmentally safe for the nature of the North presented are. Methods for the delivery of technical equipment to the combustion centre and tactical extinguishing tactics that ensure the elimination of violations of forest ecology in permafrost are proposed.
Electromagnetic worm-like locomotion system for in-pipe robots: novel design of magnetic subsystem
Authors: Sattarov Robert R , Almaev Marsel A
Published: August 2019

This paper describes a magnetic subsystem of an electromagnetic worm-like locomotion system (WLLS) with coupled electromagnets. WLLS simple-design consists of two elastically connected ring-like segments that form two magnetically coupled electromagnetic actuators. The actuators generate longitudinal and transverse displacements which lead to locomotion due to synchronized changes of inertial, normal pressure, and friction forces. In present paper, analysis of the magnetic circuit of the WLLS had been performed. From symmetry and general consideration of magnetic system effectiveness, a novel design of the coupled magnetic circuits had been developed. The novel WLLS has two-force component electromagnetic actuators that produce the transverse and longitudinal forces. The novel design of the electromagnetic WLLS is able to move an in-pipe robots and should have better specific pulling force.
Integrated assessment of the influence of shungite-containing fertilizer on physical and chemical properties of typical chernozem in Rostov region
Authors: Pyzhov Viktor S , Cherednikova Ekaterina A
Published: August 2019

The aim of the presented research was to study the impact of the shungite-containing fertilizer on elemental composition and physical and chemical properties of typical chernozem in Rostov region, Russia. The trial was conducted under conditions of a model experiment with application of laboratory and instrumental methods of soils analysis in accordance with established procedures. The novelty of the study is that it defines the influence of the shungite-containing fertilizer on the content of humus, exchangeable base in the soil, active soil acidity, intensity of processes of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium transformation in typical chernozem.
Increase of bending rigidity of long-dimensional shaft by surface plastic deformation
Authors: Melnik Yury , Zaides Semen , Bobrovskij Nikolaj , Van Hinh Nguyen , Leonid Khudobin , Levitskih Olesja , Nosov Nicolay
Published: August 2019

The results of computer simulation of bending stiffness of cylindrical part are presented. The effect of residual stresses on the maximum bending is considered. It is established that the formation of residual stresses in the surface layers of a certain thickness have a positive effect on increasing the rigidity of the cylindrical pieces. The influence of the degree of relative deformation with the covering surface plastic deformation on the flexural rigidity of long shafts is determined. It is established that the degree of relative deformation in the range from 0.4 to 1.0% has a positive effect on the flexural rigidity of the shafts. The process in question can be implemented without the use of environmentally hazardous lubricating cooling technological means, which makes it possible to attribute it in the future to one of the types of green mechanical processing technologies.
Evaluation of microgeometry of cylindrical parts after cross-rolling in smooth plates
Authors: Metel Alexander , Zaides Semen , Bobrovskij Nikolaj , Dak Fong Fam , Levitskih Olesja , Quang Le Hong , Lukyanov Aleksey
Published: August 2019

Hardening and finishing processing of cylindrical parts by transverse rolling in smooth plates was studied. The effect of the relative deformation and rotational speed of the workpiece on the main quality characteristics of the surface layer of hardened parts, such as diameter accuracy, roughness and ripples of the surface layer was determined experimentally. The results of the work offer a means for adopting the described method of cross-rolling for manufacturing of machine parts. The process in question can be implemented without the use of environmentally hazardous lubricating cooling technological means, which makes it possible to attribute it in the future to one of the types of green mechanical processing technologies.
Photosynthetic and symbiotic efficiency in shaping the yield of pea seed in the agro-ecological conditions of the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia
Authors: Popolzukhina Nina , Kadermas Irina , Ozyakova Ekaterina , Asanov Akimbek
Published: August 2019

The article presents data on the contribution of photosynthetic processes and symbiotic nitrogen fixation to the productivity of pea seeds. The interdependence of the processes of photosynthesis and nodule formation has been revealed, as well as the share of influence of factors on yield formation.
Methods of air-cured and dried fish storage technique improvement
Authors: Neverov E N , Korotkiy I A , Korotkaya E V , Korotkih P S , Fedorov E D
Published: August 2019

The article gives the review of production and consumption of air-cured and dried fish in Russia. While storaging there may be prominent mass losses because of shrinking caused by different factors. To reduce air-cured and dried fish shrinking there may be used different methods of creating and supporting the temperature and humidity conditions, different kinds of packaging, solutions for fish surface treatment. Refrigerated counters, used for fish storage and sales, have some drawbacks. The major drawbacks of the traditional methods of fish storage are changes of relative humidity in a holding room, of fish humidity, and of temperature, which leads to shortening of storage time and to fish shrinking. The use of different adsorbents allows to reach the necessary air humidity in refrigerated counters, and a fat substitute allows to reduce food shrinking. The investigation shows that the use of monoglyceride helps to increase fish storage period, but at the same time the taste of sea- or river-fish changes. Carbon dioxide considerably slows different microorganisms development, and consequently, increases a storage period. The use of carbon dioxide does not substantially influence the taste of fish. Though carbon dioxide increases the humidity in a holding room, its chemical properties sustain considerable lessening of oxygen concentration in a holding room, thus slowing the process of outer and inner changes in fish tissues, which results in a longer storage period. In the course of investigation the advantages and disadvantages of each method have been developed and their efficiency has been estimated.
On the problem of monitoring a technological process based on multipoint spatial measurement of parameters
Authors: Kovalev I V , Losev V V , Saramud M V , Kovalev D I , Karaseva M V , Kuznetsov A S
Published: August 2019

The article considers a method for increasing the parameters reliability of a multipoint spatial measurement during the environmental monitoring at thermal power plants. The result is achieved by using functional dependency and applying fuzzy voting by the agreed majority for decision making. The functional dependence is caused by physical processes occurring while the flue gases transformation along the length of the pipe. The proposed approach helps to compare directly the values of the measured parameter obtained at different points in space, due to their reduction using functional dependencies. This approach also can detect the faults in the sensors. The detection of failures occurs by comparing the direct readings at a given point with the readings calculated about other points.
Stocks of raw materials of wild medicinal plants in the Western Baikal Region
Authors: Khudonogova E G , Rachenko M A , Dubrovsky N G , Popova O A , Taisayev T T
Published: August 2019

The paper presents the results of resource studies of wild medicinal plants of the Western Baikal. The area of thickets, productivity, operational stock and volumes of possible annual procurement of raw materials of the studied species are determined, 10 species are recommended for industrial blanks for the needs of the region and for Russia, 5 species are recommended for regional and district use. The collection of medicinal raw materials is possible subject to scientifically grounded recommendations on the procurement of medicinal plants, taking into account the frequency of collection and the possible annual removal of raw materials from a specific territory.
Protected plants of Siberian forest-steppe ecosystems
Authors: Antipova E M , Antipova S V
Published: August 2019

Protection of Red Book plants in the forest-steppes of Central Siberia (Krasnoyarsk, Kansk and Achinsk) is carried out in nature reserves and nature monuments of regional significance, as well as a result of preserving landscapes in general, and, consequently, plant communities, without which conservation of rare plant species in nature is impossible. The aim of the work was the analysis of protected flora species of forest-steppe ecosystems of Central Siberia. The object of the analysis is a synopsis of the vascular plants of the forest-steppe, compiled on the basis of the collections of the plants of Herbarium named after L M Cherepnin (KRAS), collected by the authors from 1985 to 2018 by methods of local floras and model sections. There are 106 protected species, among which 31 are endemic taxa, 17 species of relict origin (5 relics are endemics), 19 species at the boundary of ranges (16 species at the border of ranges - relics and endemics). Krasnoyarsk, Krasnoyarsk-Kansky, Altai-Sayan, Altai-Sayan-Mongolian, South Siberian, Yeniseyian, Tuvino-Khakassia-Krasnoyarsk, South-West Siberian and Siberian ones were found among the Red Books of endemic and hemiendemic species of forest-steppes. Tertiary relics are mainly forest species of the immoral complex, steppe relics - Pliocene and aquatic. Relics of the Pleistocene age are represented by glacial and forest-steppe. The low category of rarities in many species, including relics and endems, is associated with the boundary of their ranges. Compared to the whole Krasnoyarsk Territory, the share of species 0 and 1 of rarity categories is increased, which indicates a strong anthropogenic effect on the natural forest-steppe ecosystems of Central Siberia.
Floral finds in the city of Abakan (Republic of Khakassia, Russian Federation)
Authors: Antipova E M , Chebotareva O P
Published: August 2019

Abakan is a city district, the capital of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation of the Republic of Khakassia, with a population of 171.2 thousand people. On botanical and geographical zoning of L M Cherepnin Abakan is located in the Priabakanskaya valley steppe (S1) in the central part of the Khakass-Minusinsk depression at a height of 250 m above the sea level at the mouth of the Abakan river. Despite the fact that the territory of the Republic of Khakassia is studied well from the botanical point of view, there is not enough information about the current state, structure and species composition of the flora of the city of Abakan, which constituted the basis for in-depth studies of its vegetation cover. The aim of the work was to identify new and rare plant species in the flora of the city of Abakan. Floristic collections in the city were carried out from 2016 to 2018 by the method of model section of the urbanized landscape. As a result of the expeditionary research of 11 model sections, new plant species for the Republic of Khakassia (Centaurea ruthenica, Galium coriaceum, Myosotis sparsiflora, Oxytropis candicans, Peucedanum morisonii, Sagittaria trifolia, Silene turgida) and the city of Abakan were found and identified for the first time in the administrative boundaries of Abakan (Aquilegia grandulosa, Batrachium peltatum, Potamogeton crispus, Scirpus radicans, Viola canina). Habitats and model sections with the coordinates of the collection are specified, the boundaries of the ranges of species in the regions are marked.
Influence of the ratio of ingredients in the processed substrata on adaptation of the Eisenia Foetida (Sav.) worms to them
Authors: Okhotnikov S I , Kabanova T V , Dolgorukova M V
Published: August 2019

Recently in Russia and in the near and far abroad the vermikomposting of organic wastes has been widely adopted. In a vermiculturing the species of worms specializing in eating of vegetable oddments and excrement of mammals are used, it is Eisenia foetida (Savigni, 1826) and its subspecies E.f. foetida, E. Fandrei, and also an ordinary earthworm which is Lumbricus terrestris, the small red worm L. rubellus and types of Dendrobaena subrubicunda and D. Veneta. Many researchers consider that the vermicomposting promotes a solution of the problem of utilization of large numbers of household garbage, rainfall of sewage, wastes of the food industry, the cellulose-paper and woodworking, tanning, hydrolyzing industries, and branches of agriculture. The technology of a vermiproducting supposes the preparation of substrata. Such receptions as humidification of wastes; their aeration, neutralization; crushing and homogenization, use of various excipients in substrata (straw, rotten hay, opit, peat, some quantity of the mineral soil) reduce terms of preparation of substrata for a vermiculture. Our researches were devoted to definition of an optimum ratio of ingredients in the substrata prepared for a vermiculturing on the basis of a bird’s dung for successful adaptation of Eisenia foetida (Sav.) to them.
Weediness of crops in various crop rotations
Authors: Zamyatin S A , Efimova A Y , Maksutkin S A , Apaeva N N
Published: August 2019

Weediness of crops of field crops is examined in various crop rotations. Different types of weeds have unequal effects on crop plants. An expression of this effect is the harmfulness of weeds, which leads to a decrease in yield and a deterioration in the quality of the products. It is possible to change the species composition of weeds in the course of time on agricultural crops, which depends on the intensity of the cultivation technology and, first of all, on the alternation of crops and the introduction of straw. Monitoring of weed infestation of crops is necessary to predict the spread of the most harmful weeds in crop rotations. The aim of the research is to trace the dynamics of weediness and species composition of weeds on sodpodzolic soil in field crop rotations. The research was carried out in 1998-2017 on a stationary site, on sod-podzolic medium loamy soil with a high content of mobile forms of phosphorus and exchangeable potassium. The biomorphological spectrum of weed species indicates that 26 species of juvenile weeds occur, and 9 species of perennial species. The appearance of Chenopodium album L. was the most common. There is an increase in the abundance of weeds during the research in the studied agrocenoses. If 61 specimens of weed vegetation per 1 m2 were observed in the first rotation, including 50 annual ones, then in the second rotation the abundance of weeds increased to 67 pieces / m2. The greatest amount of weed vegetation was observed - 76 pieces/m2 in the third rotation of crop rotations. We come to the conclusion that the weediness of field agrocenoses increases, examining the dynamics of the contamination of crop field crop rotations, especially over the last six years of research. The number of species of Fumaria officinalis L. and Stellaria media (L.) Vill increases during the study. The number of species of Chenopodium album L. and Echinochloa crus-galli L. has increased significantly over the past six years. We found that the crops in the first crop rotation were the most littered. The rotation, including grasses and row crops, helps to cleanse crops of other crops from weeds. The quantity of weeds in crops of field crops increases with cultivation of crops by organic technology.
The state and problems of increasing milk production in Russian Federation
Authors: Kuznetsova A R , Avzalov R H , Avzalov M R , Gusmanov R U , Askarov A A
Published: August 2019

Milk production in the implementation of a competent management approach is a profitable agricultural business. To improve management decision making, regular monitoring of the situation on the milk market is needed. Our analysis showed that, despite the reduction in the number of dairy cows in all forms of management and despite the decline in milk production, in the period from 1990 to 2016 in the agricultural organizations of the country, the productivity of dairy cows increased by two folds. Secondly, the cost of producing one center of milk decreased four-fold, which indicates the processes, innovations, mechanization and automation of production are in place and working well. Thirdly, labor costs per cow, in man-hours decreased by 2.5 times. Fourthly, it is positive that the loss of milk decreased by half. Fifthly, the export of milk, which includes exports both to non-CIS countries and the CIS, has increased by 93%. In order to identify the factors that affect the productivity of dairy cows, we performed a special correlation regression analysis. Our analysis allows us to conclude that the most significant factors affecting the productivity of dairy cows are: (1) the cost per year for the maintenance of one cow, in thousands of rubles; (2) labor costs for the production of one center of milk, man-hours; (3) the number of livestock per 100 hectares of agricultural land, heads; (4) the mass of one calf at birth, in kilograms; (5) the load per operator of machine milking, heads; (5) average monthly salary of a machine milking operator, rubles. The state regulation of dairy cattle breeding should be carried out on the basis of competent economic mechanisms, it presupposes rationalization of the structure of agricultural production, inter-industry and inter-farm relations, the creation of stable economic, legal and social conditions for the development of agriculture, taking into account the already achieved production results, available and potential resource base, especially availability of basic production assets.
Biotechnological potential of the straight-wing species Acheta domesticus as raw material for the production of feed for aquaculture
Authors: Talan M S , Lapin A A , Dokuchaeva I S
Published: August 2019

The article assesses the biotechnological potential of crickets of Acheta domesticus species for use as feed for aquaculture. The optimal diet was selected and the most favorable conditions for the reproduction of insects in a mini-farm were determined. Studied the qualitative composition of the substrate on the basis of the crickets of the species Acheta domesticus. With the aim of selecting the optimal technological modes of processing of raw materials on the basis of the insects investigated the total antioxidant activity of aqueous extracts of dried crickets of the species Acheta domesticus crustaceans of the genus Gammarus pulex. For crickets Acheta domesticus activity was 1.508 g routine per 100 g absolutely dry sample and 1.888 g routine for Gammarus pulex. It was found that the samples of Gammarus pulex have the property of thermal stability according to the criterion of total antioxidant activity during drying of dry samples to a constant weight at 105°C.
The efficiency of cyproconazole and fludioxonil for plant protection against the phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Baybakova E V , Nefed’eva E E , Belitskaya M N , Gribust I R , Zheltobriukhov V F
Published: August 2019

The effect of two active ingredients of fungicides on pure culture of Botrytis cinerea Pers was assessed. The analysis was carried out for 16 possible combinations of cyproconazole and fludioxanil, one of which was a control one. According to the results of measurements of the dry weight of mycelium in an accumulative culture, a diagram was constructed and two-factor analysis of variance was given. It has been established that the combined effect of these fungicides has a significant effect on the growth of mycelium. The following combinations had significant effect: fludioxonil at maximum concentration (0:10), 1 part of cyproconazole and 10 parts of fludioxonil (1:10), 5 parts of cyproconazole and parts of 10 fludioxonil (5:10), 10 parts of cyproconazole and 5 parts of fludioxonil (10:5), and the maximum concentrations of two substances (10:10).