bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Program Air Kita: Program Pemberdayaan Karang Taruna Dalam Upaya Peningkatan Kualitas Air di Kelurahan Bandarharjo
Authors: Eka Naftalina Bernadeta , Putri Lestari Ayu , MGP Simatupang Michael , Pakavi Zahrudin Savero , Wijaya Hendrik , Widiasa I Nyoman
Published: October 2021

Bandarharjo merupakan sebuah kelurahan yang terletak di Kecamatan Semarang Utara, wilayah ini berbatasan langsung dengan Laut Jawa di sebelah Utara dan berkembang menjadi suatu Kawasan kumuh karena adanya banjir yang menggenang menyebabkan penurunan kualitas hidup masyarakat. Situasi ini menyebabkan air permukaan tidak dapat dimanfaatkan karena rasanya asin dan tercemar limbah. Masyarakay biasanya menggunakan air tanah untuk kebutuhan sehari-hari yang kualitasnya masuk dalam kelas E dengan kategori sangat amat buruk sehingga apabila dikonsumsi dapat menyebabkan penyakit diare. Saat ini, belum terdapat tatanan tim kelembagaan untuk mengatasi permasalahan air bersih. Oleh karena itu,  kami mengusung program dengan mengoptimalkan fungsi Karang Taruna setempat yaitu Program “Air Kita”. Program Air kita adalah program yang bertujuan meningkatkan kualitas air dan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang air bersih. Pelaksanaan program “Air Kita” menggunakan konsep blended, yaitu virtual digital, daring, dan luring dengan penerapan protokol kesehatan secara ketat. Program ini terdiri dari 2 kegiatan utama yakni pelatihan pembuatan alat pemurni air dan penyuluhan. Dari hasil uji pemeriksaan air  secara kimia dan fisika, air hasil filtrasi alat pemurni Air Kita telah memenuhi parameter yang ditetapkan oleh  Permenkes RI No.416/Menkes/Per/IX/1990 sehingga aman untuk digunakan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari.
Pengelolaan Produk Higienis dan Penerapan e-Commerce pada IRT Ga’de Buahta’ di Kota Makassar
Authors: Hasbullah Fitriani , Heryanti Heryanti , Rohim Roufur , Amin Sitti Ajriana , Shulfiani Shulfiani , Mansyur St. Hajrah
Published: October 2021

Manisan buah merupakan makanan olahan yang banyak disukai oleh masyarakat karena mempunyai rasa yang manis bercampur dengan rasa khas buah. Pengolahan buah menjadi manisan memiliki daya tarik tersendiri sehingga cocok dinikmati diberbagai kesempatan namun permintaan produksi manisan mengalami pengurangan produksi yang diakibatkan kecilnya permintaan dari para pelanggan karena wabah Covid-19. Hal utama yang menjadi permasalahan mitra adalah proses produksi masih dilakukan secara konvensional dengan metode dan peralatan yang sederhana. Hal tersebut berdampak kepada nilai jual produk manisan yang dianggap biasa di kalangan masyarakat. Selain itu, belum adanya penerapan sistem berbasis digital yang dapat meningkatkan proses pemasaran manisan buah. Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah sebuah perancangan dan penerapan aplikasi pemasaran digital dengan nama aplikasi e-CandiedFruitMart berbasis website yang berfungsi untuk proses manajemen bisnis sehingga dapat menghasilkan proses pencatatan, transaksi dan pelaporan secara detail dan sistematis. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dari 34 responden dari proses pengabdian kepada masyarakat melalui penyebaran kuesioner pengolahan manisan diperoleh 34 responden yang menyatakan bahwa tingkat keberhasilan sebesar 65,7% dan dari segi website diperoleh tingkat keberhasilan sebesar 69,5%. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil dari proses pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dapat membantu mitra dalam proses pengolahan dan pemasaran manisan ditengah wabah pandemi covid-19.
Peningkatan Nilai Jual Produk Usaha dan Penerapan E-Commerce Pada Kelompok Tani Madani Jeneponto
Authors: Amin Muhammad Aqil , Syarif Rini Indriani Alashari , Lestari Andi Indah Ayu , Mansyur St. Hajrah
Published: October 2021

Selama adanya wabah covid-19 permintaan kunyit bubuk dan kacang mete semakin berkurang. Hal tersebut menyebabkan permintaan penjualan produk kelompok tani madani mengalami penurunan omset hingga 50 persen. Selain itu, kami melihat kemasan dan label produk kunyit bubuk dan kacang mete kurang menarik dan kurang informatif. Adapun kendala mitra dari aspek pemasaran yang konvensional, minimnya pemahaman Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) dalam penggunaan teknologi dan media sosial, sehingga penjualan produk hanya sebatas wilayah Jeneponto. Oleh karena itu, kami bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kompetensi SDM dalam mendesain label kemasan yang menarik, serta membantu dalam sistem pemasaran digital sehingga proses penjualan produk kelompok Tani Madani dapat meningkat  di masa new normal life. Metode pelaksanaan yang kami lakukan yaitu identifikasi masalah mitra, pembuatan label kemasan, pengembangan website, sosialisasi dan pelatihan serta evaluasi. Adapun hasil yang telah dicapai setelah kami melakukan sosialisasi, diperoleh data terkait penilaian kemasan dan pelabelan produk terdapat 73,7% memberikan tanggapan sangat menarik. Selanjutnya diperoleh data terkait penilaian harga jual berdasarkan ukuran dan bentuk kemasan produk terdapat 84,2% memberikan tanggapan terjangkau. Data perolehan hasil penilaian terkait tampilan website e-SilanuMart terdapat 63,2% memberikan tanggapan menarik. Serta diperoleh data terkait kinerja pemasaran dan manajemen dari website e-SilanuMart terdapat 57,9% memberikan tanggapan sangat membantu.
Pemanfaatan Website Sebagai Media Informasi Desa Kedungdadi Dimasa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Hanifah Ayu Ismi , Putra Risky Nur Cahya
Published: October 2021

Pada pertengahan tahun 2021, kasus covid-19 di Indonesia mengalami kenaikan yang signifikan. Melonjaknya virus covid-19 ini dimungkinkan karena adanya varian baru yang lebih mudah menyebar dari virus covid-19. Hal ini mengakibatkan pemerintah melakukan pemberlakuan pembatasan kegiatan masyarakat. Namun, kurangnya informasi yang diterima warga desa, terutama dengan adanya pembatasan kegiatan ini, menimbulkan adanya kepanikan masyarakat desa. Oleh sebab itu, pengabdi berinisiatif untuk membuat sistem informasi terpadu menggunakan website. Adanya website ini diharapkan warga desa Kedungdadi mendapatkan informasi terbaru dan akurat tanpa harus ke luar rumah. Pengabdian dilaksanakan dalam beberapa tahapan yaitu kunjungan dan pengumpulan data, pembuatan website, serta pengarahan dan pendampingan. Dari hasil pengabdian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembuatan dan pelatihan website ini sangat bermanfaat bagi warga pada umumnya, dan perangkat desa Kedungdadi. Berita terkini dapat disampaikan kepada warga desa dalam waktu yang singkat, serta dapat dengan mudah dilakukan pemeliharaan data dan informasi melalui mekanisme website tersebut.
Penanganan Stunting Dan Aki AKB Era Pandemi Covid-19 Dengan 3M Di Desa Trewung Kecamatan Grati Kabupaten Pasuruan
Authors: Khoirunisak Naretta , Wulanjari Distiana
Published: October 2021

Stunting merupakan masalah kesehatan yang utama pada balita, hal ini dapat menghambat pertumbuhan dan perkembangan pada balita. Prevalensi stunting di Indonesia terbilang tinggi sebesar 27,67% pada tahun 2019 dan belum mencapai target nasional dalam penurunan kasus stunting. Kasus stunting yang terjadi di Desa Trewung sebesar 40% dan menjadi nomor 1 di Kecamatan Grati terkait kejadian kasus stunting. Tujuan dilakukannya pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah menangani kejadian kasus stunting di Desa Trewung dengan baik, agar angka kejaidan stunting bisa menurun serta masyarakat Desa Trewung dapat melakukan penanganan dengan baik. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan KKN BTV 3 UNEJ di Desa Trewung Kecamatan Grati Kabupaten Pasuruan yaitu dengan melakukan penyuluhan edukasi stunting, edukasi pentingnya MPASI, sanitasi lingkungan rumah, serta kolaborasi dengan bidan desa dan kader dalam kegiatan posyandu balita. Hasil yang didapatkan melalui kegiatan yang telah dilaksanakan sasaran dapat mengerti dan memahami bahaya stunting pada anak, bagaimana penanganan dan pencegahan dini stunting pada anak, bagaimana membuat MPASI yang sehat untuk anak.
Rancang Bangun Alat Penghapus Papan Tulis Otomatis Berbasis Arduino Uno Menggunakan Sensor Suara
Authors: Dawolo Berkat Iman Setia , Safii M. , Gunawan Indra , Parlina Iin , Saputra Widodo
Published: October 2021

Dalam membantu dan mempermudah menjaga kebersihan, kesehatan dan efesien dalam proses belajar bengajar pada saat menghapus papan tulis banyak murid atau para pengajar yang menyebabkan tangan menjadi kotor dan berdampak pada kesehatan. Salah satu teknologi yang dapat di terapkan dalam mengatasi hal tersebut yaitu merancang suatu alat yang dapat menghapus papan tulis secara otomatis menggunakan perangkat keras (Hadware) seperti sensor suara, sensor PIR, motor DC yang berbasis mikrokontroler arduino. Dimana alat penghapus papan tulis akan berkerja dan berfungsi apabila sensor PIR mendeteksi adanya pergerakan yang memiliki pancaran infrared pasif yaitu tubuh  manusia dan input suara terdeteksi pada sensor suara serta di bantu dengan pergerakan motor DC yang telah di integerasikan dengan mikrokontroler sebagai penggerak penghapus papan tulis. Dan berdasarkan hasil pengujian alat kondisi penghapus papan tulis akan bergerak dua kali bolak balik dari  kiri ke kanan untuk menghapus papan tulis.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Project Based Learning Untuk Meningkatkan Keaktifan Dan Motivasi Belajar Siswa Kelas X Multimedia Mata Pelajaran Simulasi Dan Komunikasi Digital Di SMK Negeri 1 Mempawah Hulu
Authors: Marselus Marselus
Published: October 2021

Penelitian bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keaktifan dan motivasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Simulasi dan Komunikasi Digital di kelas X MM SMK Negeri 1 Mempawah Hulu dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Project Based Learning. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (Classroom Action Research) yang bertujuan untuk mengatasi permasalahan yang ada di kelas. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas X MM semester genap tahun ajaran 2020/2021 yang berjumlah 36 siswa. Penelitian dilakukan dalam tiga siklus dan setiap akhir siklus dilakukan refleksi terhadap tindakan yang diberikan. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian menggunakan lembar observasi, angket, dan dokumentasi. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Project Based Learning pada mata pelajaran Simulasi  dan  Komunikasi  Digital  dapat  meningkatkan keaktifan  dan  motivasi belajar siswa. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari keaktifan siswa dari siklus I sebesar 71,87% meningkat pada siklus  II sebesar 75,35% dan  meningkat juga pada siklus  III menjadi 76,77%. Motivasi belajar siswa pada siklus I sebesar 71,86% meningkat pada siklus II sebesar 74,61% dan meningkat juga pada siklus III menjadi 77,44%. Terbukti bahwa model pembelajaran Project Based Learning dapat meningkatkan keaktifan dan motivasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Simulasi dan Komunikasi Digital.
Game Edukasi Pengenalan Hewan Berdasarkan Habitatnya Untuk Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Kurniawan Yogiek Indra , Paramesvari Dhenok Prastyaningtyas , Purnomo Widhiatmoko Herry
Published: October 2021

Terdapat masalah dalam penyampaian materi pelajaran pada siswa sekolah dasar, seperti pada materi pengenalan hewan, yaitu kebosanan anak dalam belajar serta kesulitan dalam memahami materi pembelajaran yang diberikan karena kurangnya media pembelajaran. Game edukasi ini bertujuan untuk dapat mengatasi masalah pembelajaran dalam meningkatkan minat belajar, membantu perkembangan kecerdasan dan meningkatkan kemampuan anak dalam peroses belajar siswa sekolah dasar pada materi pengenalan hewan berdasarkan habitatnya. Game edukasi ini dibuat dengan menggunakan metode Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) yang terdiri dari 6 tahap, yaitu concept, design, material collecting, assembly, testing dan distribution. Dari hasil implementasi, game edukasi yang dibangun memiliki beberapa fitur, seperti : materi, bermain, dan kuis. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian blackbox, semua fitur sudah berjalan sesuai dengan yang diharapkan, sedangkan berdasarkan user acceptance test, nilai rata-rata persepsi user terhadap game edukasi yang dibangun bernilai 80% dan berada di indikator kategori baik.
LA CLASSE INVERSÉE EN PÉDAGOGIE UNIVERSITAIRE
Authors: Harutyunyan G.
Published: October 2021

L‘article traite de la nouvelle approche de l‘enseignement/l‘apprentissage
dans le contexte universitaire: «La classe inversée» qui ouvre de nouvelles
perspectives pour améliorer la qualité de l'enseignement à l‘université. Dans
l‘article sont présentes les raisons nécessaires pour le passage aux technologies
de la «Classe inversée», les étapes historiques de la formation de cette
technologie, les objectifs, ainsi que sont analysés diverses possibilités de son
application en Arménie, ses avantages et ses inconvénients.
ԳԵՂԱԳԻՏԱԿԱՆ ԴԱՍՏԻԱՐԱԿՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՀԻՄՆԱՀԱՐՑԵՐՆ ԱՐԴԻ ԴՊՐՈՑՈՒՄ / THE MAIN PROBLEMS OF AESTHETIC EDUCATION IN MODERN SCHOOL
Authors: Manvelyan A.
Published: October 2021

Այսօր մեր երկրում ընթացող հասարակական, քաղաքական զարգացումները, պատերազմական և հետպատերազմական վիճակն ու համավարակը դպրոցում գեղագիտական դաստիարակության գործընթացի կազմակերպման գործում առաջադրեցին բազմաթիվ խնդիրներ, որոնց ուսումնասիրությանն էլ նվիրված է հոդվածըֈ Հոդվածում ներկայացված են այն խնդիրները, որոնք պայմանավորված են ստեղծված իրավիճակով, գեղագիտական դաստիարակության իրականացման հնարավորություններով, նախանշված են դրանց լուծումներըֈ: / The article is devoted to the study of the problems of organizing aesthetic education at school, which was caused by the epidemic, current socio-political, war and post-war events in our country. The paper presents the problems, defines the ways of implementing aesthetic education at school and outlines the ways to solve them.
ԿԱՆԱՆՑ ՄԱՍՆԱԿՑՈՒԹՅԱՆ ԷՎՈԼՅՈՒՑԻԱՆ ԱՏԼԵՏԻԿԱՅՈՒՄ / EVOLUTION OF WOMEN'S PARTICIPATION IN ATHLETICS
Authors: Barseghyan G.
Published: October 2021

Աշխատանքը նվիրված է նոր ժամանակներում կանանց սպորտի
միջազգային ճանաչման և զարգացման պատմությանը:
Հանգամանորեն ներկայացվում է կանանց միջազգային
ատլետիկայի ձևավորման գործընթացը, նկարագրվում է ինչպիսի
խոչընդոտներ և դժվարություններ է հաղթահարել իր զարգացման
պատմության ընթացքում՝ 20-րդ դարասկզբից մինչև վերջին
ժամանակներս:
Աշխատանքում նշվում է ատլետիկական միջազգային
մրցումներում կանանց մասնակցության բուռն առաջընթացի մասին:
Ընդգծվում է, որ ատլետիկան դարձավ այն առաջին մարզաձևերից,
որտեղ կանայք իրենց կարողացան լիարժեք դրսևորել, և այսօր լիիրավ
հավասարություն է կանանց և տղամարդկանց ատլետիկական
մրցաձևերի միջև: / The work is dedicated to the history of international recognition and
development of women's sports in modern times.
The process of developing women's international athletics is presented in
detail, it is described what kind of obstacles and difficulties it has overcome
during its development history, from the beginning of the 20th century to the
recent times. The work notes the rapid progress of women's participation in
international athletics disciplines. It is emphasized that athletics became one of the first types of sports where women were able to fully express themselves, and today there is a full rights equality between men‘s and women‘s athletics disciplines.
Energy Efficiency Techniques in Heterogeneous Networks
Authors:   Computer Science Department, Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology, India, Verma Ashish Sharma, Sandeep Tayal, Radhika Bansal, and Sushant
Published: October 2021

According to the present data 0.5% of global energy is consumed by wireless networks. Energy efficiency is required for the environment and to lower the network operational cost. In this paper, we are about to discuss various methods of energy conservation in the heterogeneous cellular network. Energy consumption is reduced by self-organization algorithm and message passing algorithm by switching off-peak Base station controllers (BSC). Along with the increasing demands for cellular networks, the various problems for energy conservation in cellular networking have also increased. There are various models present which help in increasing the energy efficiency of cellular networking such as the Novel power consumption model and refined power consumption model. Also, an increase in the higher performance of cellular networks leads to an increase in energy consumption. In this paper, we are about to discuss various challenges which are faces for increasing energy efficiency and their solution.
A novel approach for Spam Email Filtering Using Machine Learning
Authors:   Research Scholar, Electrical Engineering, India, Sahoo Subhalaxmi ,   School of Computer Science  ; Engineering, Lovely Professional University, India,   School of Computer Science  ; Engineering, Lovely Professional University, India, Jha Sudan , Prashar Deepak
Published: October 2021

Spam emails also known as unsolicited emails (maybe commercial or maybe not) i.e. those mails which are sent without our request or concern. Email spam is the practice of sending unwanted emails, mostly contains commercial messages to randomly generated persons. In the internet email spam is widespread because of such low cost of sending emails other than any other means of communication. It is important to filter spam emails because most of the malicious activities performed in the internet done through email spamming. Though there are many spam filters are available we still get huge amount of spam emails. This is not because the filters are not accurate ; effective; the reason is the generation of quick and effective counters of the algorithm used in the filters. In our project we used mainly three supervised learning algorithms namely Linear SVC, Multinomial NB, and k-NN to implement the filter. We used these algorithms to train the system about spam email by using the feature called word count vector which is generated by processing a dataset filled with existing emails containing both spam and legitimate emails. The full process of the project and the result of the execution by implementing the three models/algorithms are discussed.
PENGARUH ALAT MODIFIKASI BOLA GANTUNG TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN PASSING BAWAH DALAM PERMAINAN BOLA VOLI
Authors: Ahmad Yanuar Syauki
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Alat Modifikasi Bola Gantung Terhadap Keterampilan Passing Bawah dalam Permainan Bola Voli. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yang mengunakan deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik dalam pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan studi literatur yang dimana menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder. Teknik keabsahan data menggunakan  triangulasi data. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa Terdapat pengaruh alat modifikasi bola gantung terhadap keterampilan passing bawah sebelum dan sesudah pelaksanaan passing bawah bola voli dengan menggunakan alat modifikasi bola gantung. Dengan penggunaan alat modifikasi bola gantung berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap keterampilan passing bawah dalam permaianan bola voli.
Research on Inheritance of Intangible Cultural Heritage between Professional and Non-Professional Groups: A Case Study of China’s Kunqu Opera
Authors: Zhao Run , Uekita Yasufumi
Published: October 2021

Non-professional groups, consisting of members gathering together out of the same hobby, have long been deemed as auxiliary power in the inheritance of intangible cultural heritage (ICH). Being widely considered as less important than professional groups, non-professional ones seem to mostly function like governments, IGOs, NGOs, among other things, to indirectly help professionals inherit ICH almost by practicing this heritage as a way of dissemination to build a better social environment friendly towards ICH to live well. However, their role in the direct and faithful inheritance of ICH can be underestimated, or even ignored. In this paper, China’s Kunqu Opera is taken as an example, one professional group (Shanghai Kunqu Opera Troupe) and one non-professional group (Shanghai Kunqu Study Society) are chosen to do some comparative analyses in pronunciation, melody, literary form of lyrics, and performing scenes of this art. It is concluded that even though not living off this art, non-professional groups could inherit some traditional factors of Kunqu Opera to a larger degree than professional ones, especially in pronunciation and melody. And one major reason can be summarized that non-professional groups, who cherish the art’s tradition heavily, don’t need to cater to the mass-market and most modern audience, who are highly influenced by modernization and globalization so that they can preserve these traditional factors carefully by studying, practicing as well as imparting them to other amateurs seriously. Thus, paying more attention to their role in the inheritance of ICH is not only sensible but also essential.
Supporting Teacher Learning: How Does It Feel? Teachers Count on the Alphabet Instead of Numbers
Authors: Baek Jae , Flores Alfinio
Published: October 2021

Developing knowledge and understanding of how children learn mathematics is one of the most important aspects in teacher education for both preservice and in-service teachers of mathematics. Teachers who understand how children learn mathematics can provide higher-quality instruction. Their understanding of what children know and are able to do allows them to understand students' strategies and determine how to respond to them, what problems to pose next, and how to manage mathematical discussions (Ball 1997, 2000; Loucks-Horsley et al. 2003; Sowder 1998).
Investigations: Time Is of the Essence
Authors: Moone Grace , de Groot Cornelis
Published: October 2021

This department features children's hands-on and minds-on explorations in mathematics and presents teachers with open-ended investigations to enhance mathematics instruction. The tasks invoke problem solving and reasoning, require communication skills, and connect various mathematical concepts and principles. The ideas presented have been tested in classroom settings.
Problem Solvers: Cheerio Count and Solutions to the A Word to the Wise Problem
Authors: Tayeh Carla , Britton Barbara
Published: October 2021

The goal of the “Problem Solvers” department is to foster improved communication among teachers by posing one problem each month for K-6 teachers to try with their students. Every teacher can become an author: pose the problem, reflect on your students' work, analyze the classroom dialogue, and submit the resulting insights to this department. Every teacher can help us all better understand children's capabilities and thinking about mathematics with their contributions to the journal. Remember that even student misconceptions provide valuable information.
Photovoltage‐Competing Dynamics in Photoelectrochemical Devices: Achieving Self‐Powered Spectrally Distinctive Photodetection
Authors: Liu Xin , Wang Danhao , Kang Yang , Fang Shi , Yu Huabin , Zhang Haochen , Memon Muhammad Hunain , He Jr‐Hau , Ooi Boon S. , Sun Haiding , Long Shibing
Published: October 2021

Multiple‐band and spectrally distinctive photodetection play critical roles in building next‐generation colorful imaging, spectroscopy, artificial vision, and optically controlled logic circuits of the future. Unfortunately, it remains challenging for conventional semiconductor photodetectors to distinguish different spectrum bands with photon energy above the bandgap of the material. Herein, for the first time, a photocurrent polarity‐switchable photoelectrochemical device composed of group III‐nitride semiconductors, demonstrating a positive photocurrent density of 10.54 µA cm−2 upon 254 nm illumination and a negative photocurrent density of −0.08 µA cm−2 under 365 nm illumination without external power supply, is constructed. Such bidirectional photocurrent behavior arises from the photovoltage‐competing dynamics across two photoelectrodes. Importantly, a significant boost of the photocurrent and corresponding responsivity under 365 nm illumination can be achieved after decorating the counter electrode of n‐type AlGaN nanowires with platinum (Pt) nanoparticles, which promote a more efficient redox reaction in the device. It is envisioned that the photocurrent polarity‐switch behavior offers new routes to build multiple‐band photodetection devices for complex light‐induced sensing systems, covering a wide spectrum band from deep ultraviolet to infrared, by simply engineering the bandgaps of semiconductors.
Multifunctional Optoelectronic Synapse Based on Ferroelectric Van der Waals Heterostructure for Emulating the Entire Human Visual System
Authors: Guo Feng , Song Menglin , Wong Man‐Chung , Ding Ran , Io Weng Fu , Pang Sin‐Yi , Jie Wenjing , Hao Jianhua
Published: October 2021

The development of optoelectronic synapses can provide an important breakthrough toward creating a sophisticated and adaptable artificial visual system analogous to that of humans. However, it remains a great challenge to implement the various functions of the biological visual neuromorphic system at the single device level. Intriguingly, 2D van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure may offer a platform to address the issue. Here, a novel multifunctional synaptic device based on ferroelectric α‐In2Se3/GaSe vdW heterojunction is proposed to emulate the entire biological visual system. Essential synaptic behaviors are observed in response to light and electrical stimuli; additionally, the retina‐like selectivity for light wavelengths and the achievement of Pavlov's dog experiment demonstrate the device's capacity for processing complex electrical and optical inputs. Beyond the optoelectronic synaptic behaviors, the device incorporates memory and logic functions analogous to those in the brain's visual cortex. The results of artificial neural network simulations show that the vdW heterojunction‐based device is completely capable of performing logic operations and recognizing images with a high degree of accuracy. The study indicates that versatile devices with a rationally designed construction have great potential for efficiently processing complex visual information and may simplify the design of artificial visual systems.
A high‐performance hybrid supercapacitor electrode based on ZnO/nitrogen‐doped carbon nanohybrid
Authors: Abdelhamid Hani Nasser , Al Kiey Sherief A. , Sharmoukh Walid
Published: October 2021

Hybrid nanomaterials offer promising properties to serve as an electrode for hybrid supercapacitors. Herein, dye (rhodamine B, RhB) encapsulated zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (RhB@ZIF‐8) was synthesized at room temperature via triethylamine (TEA)‐assisted method. The material was used as a precursor for synthesizing zinc oxide embedded nitrogen‐doped carbon (ZnO@N‐doped C) via the carbonization at different temperatures (400°C, 600°C, and 800°C). The materials were characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), high‐resolution transmission electron microscope (HR‐TEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray mapping (EDX), nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherm, and X‐ray photoelectron microscope (XPS). ZnO@N‐doped C nanocrystals (15–20 nm) were used as an electrode for a hybrid supercapacitor. ZnO@N‐doped C exhibited a high capacitance of 1200 F·g−1 at a current density of 1 A·g−1 without losing any capacitance (87.7% of initial capacitance) even after 1000 galvanostatic charge–discharge cycles (GCDCs). The presence of a guest molecule such as RhB improved the capacitance of the carbonized ZIF‐8 two‐fold compared with the carbonized materials using conventional ZIF‐8.
Morphology, phase diagram, and properties of high‐density polyethylene/thermally treated waste polyethylene wax blends
Authors: Esmaeilzade Romina , Sharif Farhad , Rashedi Reza , Dordi Nejad Abdolkamal
Published: October 2021

Waste polyethylene wax is thermally treated using a rotary evaporator to reduce unwanted components. Fourier transform infrared proves the absence of undesirable material. Wax is extruded with high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) at various loadings to study its morphology and final properties. Scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimeter were employed to obtain the phase diagram showing the immiscibility of blends containing more than 20 wt% of wax. Due to the low melting temperature of the wax and its plasticating effect on HDPE, a decrease in melting temperature, enthalpy of fusion, and crystallinity with increasing wax content of the blend is observed. The phase diagram displays four possible phases depending on temperature and wax loading. Improved processability of HDPE/wax blends is demonstrated using complex viscosity curves. Han plots prove the miscibility of wax and HDPE in the melt state even at high concentrations of wax. HDPE/wax compounds have lower crystallinity, and wax particles, acting as weak spots, lower the elastic modulus, yield stress, and stress and strain at break as wax content increases. An increase in yield strain is observed due to the more effortless extension of HDPE chains at higher wax content. In 10 wt% of wax is accepted as the upper limit for wax incorporation into the HDPE matrix.
Anaerobic digestion of cornmeal – the effect of crude enzyme extract and co‐digestion with cow manure
Authors: Pinheiro Vanessa Elisa , Wainaina Steven , Polizeli Maria de Lourdes Teixeira de Moraes , Horváth Ilona Sárvári
Published: October 2021

This study examined the effect of a crude enzyme extract, containing mainly starch‐degrading enzymes, on cornmeal (Zea mays) hydrolysis. This was followed by an investigation of the effect of enzymatic treatment for the anaerobic digestion of this biomass. Cornmeal and cow manure were also co‐digested, and both batch and semi‐continuous experiments were performed. The enzymatic pretreatment of cornmeal resulted in a yield of 65 ± 5% reducing sugars, with 1:10 w/v (grams of dry substrate per mililiters of enzyme extract) enzyme load at 45 °C for 48 h. There was an 8% enhancement of methane production observed during the batch assays, both when cornmeal hydrolysate was digested and when enzymes were added directly to the digester. Synergetic effects were found when co‐digesting cornmeal and cow manure, leading to higher methane yield (280 NmL gVS–1) than that (200 NmL gVS–1) calculated based on the methane potential of the individual substrates. Regarding long‐term effects, the laboratory‐scale semi‐continuous experiments also demonstrated that the co‐digestion of cornmeal and cow manure (1:1 volatile solid (VS) basis) led to a stable process reaching an organic loading rate of 3 g VS L day–1 and achieving a daily methane production of 1280.12 ± 99.4 NmL CH4/day. However, when cornmeal was investigated in mono‐digestion, and the enzyme extract was directly added during semi‐continuous digestion of cornmeal, volatile fatty acid (VFA) accumulation was observed, leading to a decrease in pH, and no significant enhancement of the conversion into methane was observed. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
A case of COVID‐19 with superficial thrombophlebitis caused by an indwelling peripheral venous catheter
Authors: Tachi Hiroaki , Hanazawa Midori , Matsuda Takashi , Shimizu Kei , Yamamoto Yusuke
Published: October 2021

A local hypercoagulable state caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 and an indwelling peripheral venous catheter can lead to superficial thrombophlebitis. If the venous catheter is no longer needed during treatment for COVID‐19 it should be removed promptly.
Non‐islet‐cell tumor hypoglycemia as first manifestation of an advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Rojbi Imen , Ben Elhaj Wiem , Mchirgui Nadia , Jrad Meriem , Ben Nacef Ibtissem , Khiari Karima
Published: October 2021

In a nondiabetic patient, fasting hypoglycemia is uncommon and warrants careful assessment. Although rare, NICTH should be considered in patients with recurrent hypoglycemia especially in those with risk factors for HCC.
Lactate and pyruvate levels correlation with lactate dehydrogenase gene expression and glucose consumption in Tamoxifen‐resistant MCF‐7 cells using capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection (CE‐C4D)
Authors: Alhusban Ala A. , Hamadneh Lama A. , Albustanji Sokiyna , Shallan Aliaa I.
Published: October 2021

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women after lung cancer. The first‐line treatment of metastatic breast cancer in premenopausal women relies on tamoxifen. The development of tamoxifen resistance is not fully understood. In this study, capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detector was developed to monitor the changes in lactate and pyruvate levels in supernatant media of three models of developed MCF‐7 tamoxifen‐resistant cells and correlate these metabolites changes with lactate dehydrogenase genes expression and glucose consumption. The electrophoretic separation was achieved under reversed electroosmotic flow conditions. The linear ranges were 0.15–5 and 0.01–1 mM with a correlation coefficient of 0.9966 and 0.9971 and the limits of detection were 0.01 and 0.02 μM for lactate and pyruvate, respectively. Inter‐ and intrarun accuracy were in the range of 96.88–105.94% with precision (CV, %) of ≤7.35%. The method was completely validated and the results were in agreement with those obtained using the lactate and glucose assay kits. The results revealed a significant increase in both lactate and pyruvate production in the three tamoxifen‐resistant MCF‐7 cells models compared to control cells. This increase was correlated with the increase of lactate dehydrogenase genes expression and the increase of glucose consumption.
Prediction of UL‐94V tests performed on a wide range of polymeric materials using a comprehensive pyrolysis model coupled with an empirical flame heat feedback model
Authors: McCoy Conor G. , Stoliarov Stanislav I.
Published: October 2021

Previously, a model of the UL‐94V test combining a comprehensive two‐dimensional pyrolysis model with an empirical heat feedback model of the burner and polymer flames was developed and tested using extruded poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). PMMA samples with and without insulated sides were used to investigate edge effects: the propensity for the flame to ignite and spread at the edges. Flame growth dynamics were quantified by processing video recorded at 900 nm wavelength. UL‐94V tests were simulated using a numerical solver, ThermaKin2Ds; flame length was predicted well for the insulated samples but not for the non‐insulated samples, likely due to edge effects. In this study, the model was evaluated against UL‐94V tests of seven other polymers of different UL‐94V ratings, using both insulated and non‐insulated samples. Thermogravimetric analysis was performed in 5 vol% oxygen to check the materials' sensitivity to oxygen; only high‐impact polystyrene was affected, for which a surface oxidation expression was developed. For the materials that sustain flame, predictions of flame spread for insulated samples were good after dripping and soot accumulation were considered, although initial flame length was underpredicted for two materials. Predictions for the non‐insulated samples were worse for all materials, likely due to edge effects. For the materials that did not sustain flame, the model predicted extinction correctly in 50% of them. It was unable to predict extinction due to gas‐phase flame inhibition since such effects are not included in the model. However, for these materials, predicted flame lengths before extinction were excellent.
How prevalent and severe is addiction on GABAmimetic drugs in an elderly German general hospital population? Focus on gabapentinoids, benzodiazepines, and z‐hypnotic drugs
Authors: Bonnet Udo , McAnally Heath B.
Published: October 2021

Objective

Gabapentinoids (GPT) are reported to be increasingly misused by opioid‐ and polydrug‐users, but the addictive potential of GPT outside of these populations remains understudied. Investigations comparing GPT abuse and dependence liability to that of other commonly prescribed Central Nervous System‐acting medications are therefore warranted. We provide a comparison of GPT‐abuse/dependence to that of other GABAmimetics within an elderly population.

Design

DSM‐IV‐TR‐based data (previously prospectively collected by SKID‐I‐interview) from a random sample of elderly patients admitted to a metropolitan German general hospital were reviewed. The prevalence and severity of GPT, benzodiazepine (BDZ), and z‐hypnotic drug (ZD)‐abuse and ‐dependence were compared, stratified also by mono‐substance (no concurrent current or previous substance use) and de novo‐substance (first)‐abuse and ‐dependence states.

Results

Among 400 patients (75 ± 6.4 years old; 63% females), neither current nor past abuse of BDZ, ZD or GPT, nor other illicit substances was observed. Dependence upon BDZ, ZD or GPT was observed among 55 (13.75%) individuals. The related lifetime/12‐month prevalence‐rates were: dependence condition (BDZ: 7%/2.45%; ZD: 4.25%/4.25%; GPT: 2.75/2.5%); mono‐dependence condition (BDZ: 2.25%/0.75%; ZD: 1%/1%, GPT: 0%/0%); de novo‐dependence condition (BDZ: 2.75%/1.75%; ZD: 1%/1%, GPT: 0.5%/0.5%). Opioid analgesic‐dependence (N = 43/400) was significantly more frequently linked with BDZ than with GPT (p < 0.01) [Correction added on 29 December 2021, after first online publication: In the sentence ‘Opioid analgesic‐dependence…’, the term ‘and ZD’ has been deleted]. For all three GABAmimetic classes, most mono‐ and de novo‐dependence states were mild‐to‐moderate and lasted 2–6 years (median).

Conclusion

GABAmimetic‐dependence was usually mixed with other substance‐dependences. Every third to fourth instance of BDZ‐ or ZD‐dependence was a mono‐dependence condition, while a pure GPT‐dependence was absent in this elderly (and illicit substance‐naïve) population.
Predicting Maximal Costal Cartilage Graft Size for Laryngotracheal Reconstruction
Authors: Wolter Nikolaus E. , Vilchez‐Madrigal Luis D. , Gorodensky JH Jonah H. , Greer Mary‐Louise C. , Peer Shazia , Highmore Kerri , Padfield Nancy , Holowka Stephanie , Propst Evan J.
Published: October 2021

Objectives/Hypothesis

Current methods of assessing rib cartilage dimensions for laryngotracheal reconstruction (LTR) are inexact, making surgical planning difficult. The purpose of this study was to determine the most appropriate rib for costal cartilage graft LTR to minimize the number of ribs harvested and improve surgical outcomes.

Study Design

Retrospective review.

Methods

Computed tomography imaging of chest scans in 25 children aged 1 to 18 years was evaluated. The lengths and widths of medial and lateral cartilaginous segments of ribs 4 to 7 were measured bilaterally. Right and left cartilaginous rib dimensions were compared using a two‐sample t‐test. Linear mixed‐effect regression was performed to develop models quantifying the relationship between rib size and patient height, rib side, and rib number.

Results

Regression analysis established strong models for medial rib length (R2 = 0.89) and for medial and lateral rib width (R2 = 0.71, 0.77, respectively). There was no difference in rib dimensions across chest sides. Rib length and width increased with child height. Total cartilaginous rib length increased from superiorly to inferiorly, primarily due to an increase in the dimensions of the medial portion of each rib.

Conclusion

Cartilaginous rib lengths and widths were associated with patient height, with taller children having longer ribs. Inferior ribs were longer than superior ribs, suggesting that inferior ribs may be preferred for LTR. There was no difference in cartilaginous rib length across chest side. Results may help surgeons with preoperative planning.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 132:1682–1686, 2022
Modeling the effect of wastewater irrigation on soil salinity using a SALT‐DNDC model
Authors: Shah Syed Hamid Hussain , Wang Junye , Hao Xiying , Thomas Ben W.
Published: October 2021

Wastewater has been widely reclaimed to irrigate crops where freshwater resources are scarce. Therefore, predicting the impacts of wastewater irrigation on soil moisture and soil salinity is critical for sustainable wastewater irrigation management. In this study, the denitrification‐decomposition (DNDC) model was modified to couple wastewater irrigation with a water balance equation (SALT‐DNDC). Secondly, the SALT‐DNDC model was verified against the measured soil moisture, temperature, and nitrous oxide emission during the barley‐growing season at Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada. Third, the SALT‐DNDC model was used to predict the effects of one‐time and split wastewater irrigation with varying quantity and quality on transpiration and soil salinity. The results showed that split irrigation of wastewater with an electrical conductivity of 6 dS m−1 reduced the peak soil salinity from 52–55 dS m−1 to a range of 8–20 dS m−1, compared to one‐time irrigation. Therefore, the split irrigation of wastewater could substantially reduce peak soil salinity. In this regard, optimal split wastewater irrigation with elevated salt concentration can limit soil salinity to acceptable salt tolerance levels for crop growth. The SALT‐DNDC model can simulate dynamics of split irrigation wastewater and offers a new tool for assessing the effects of wastewater reuse on soil salinity.
Predictive values of static endoscopic evaluation of swallowing in adults
Authors: Chang Joseph , Brown Sarah K. , Hwang Chaewon , Kirke Diana N. , Goldberg Leanne
Published: October 2021

Objective

Static endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (SEES) is an instrumental evaluation developed for in‐office identification of patients who may benefit from a modified barium swallow study (MBSS). We aim to determine the predictive value of SEES for evaluating dysphagia.

Methods

A retrospective case series was performed on adults evaluated for dysphagia using SEES followed by MBSS at a single tertiary care center. Studies were evaluated by two blinded expert raters.

Results

Fifty‐eight patients were included. Thin liquid penetration on SEES had a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of 0.86 (95% CI 0.70‐0.95), 0.63 (95% CI 0.24‐0.91), 0.91 (95% CI 0.76‐0.98), and 0.5 (0.19‐0.81), respectively, for predicting thin liquid penetration on MBSS, and 1.0 (95% CI 0.59‐1.0), 0.29 (95% CI 0.15‐0.47), 0.23 (95% CI 0.10‐0.41), and 1.0 (95% CI 0.69‐1.0) for predicting thin liquid aspiration on MBSS. Thin liquid aspiration on SEES had a sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 0.67 (95% CI 0.09‐0.99), 0.85 (95% CI 0.66‐0.96), 0.33 (95% CI 0.04‐0.78), and 0.96 (95% CI 0.79‐1.0), respectively, for predicting thin liquid aspiration on MBSS.

Conclusions

SEES may be used as an objective in‐office test to screen for aspiration and penetration. Thin liquid penetration on SEES is moderately sensitive for predicting penetration on MBSS. Absence of thin liquid penetration or aspiration on SEES has a high NPV for excluding aspiration on MBSS. Abnormalities on SEES or the need to view the entire swallowing mechanism should prompt an MBSS for a more complete evaluation of dysphagia.

Level of Evidence: 4
Which combined nerve conduction study scores are best suited for polyneuropathy in diabetic patients?
Authors: Dunker Øystein , Nilsen Kristian Bernhard , Olsen Sandra Elise , Åsvold Bjørn Olav , Bjørgaas Marit Ragnhild Rokne , Sand Trond
Published: October 2021

Introduction/Aims

Nerve conduction studies (NCS) are widely used in diagnosing diabetic polyneuropathy. Combining the Z scores of several measures (Z‐compounds) may improve diagnostics by grading abnormality. We aimed to determine which combination of nerves and measures is best suited for studies of diabetic polyneuropathy.

Methods

Sixty‐eight patients with type 1 diabetes and 35 controls were included in this study. NCS measurements were taken from commonly investigated nerves in one arm and both legs. Different Z‐compounds were calculated and compared with reference material to assess abnormality. A sensitivity proxy, the accuracy index (AI), and Cohen's d were calculated.

Results

Z‐compounds with the highest AI consisted of the tibial and peroneal motor, and the sural, superficial peroneal, and tibial medial plantar sensory nerves in one or two legs. All Z‐compounds were able to discriminate between diabetic subjects and nondiabetic controls (mean Cohen's d = 1.42 [range, 1.03‐1.63]). The association between AI and number of measures was best explained logarithmically (R2 = 0.401), with diminishing returns above approximately 14 or 15 measures. F‐wave inclusion may increase the AI of the Z compounds. Although often clinically useful among the non‐elderly, the additional inclusion of medial plantar NCS into Z‐compounds in general did not improve AI.

Discussion

Performing unilateral NCS in several motor and sensory lower extremity nerves is suited for the evaluation of polyneuropathy in diabetic patients. The use of Z‐compounds may improve diagnostic accuracy in diabetic polyneuropathy and may be particularly useful for follow‐up research studies as single summary measures of NCS abnormality development over time.
Identification of the age of white tea using proton transfer reaction time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (PTR‐TOF‐MS) coupled with multivariate analysis
Authors: Wu Weihua , Zhang Dandan , He Ye , Cao Jie , Li Xiaojing
Published: October 2021

Rationale

In recent years, white tea has become increasingly popular. Some merchants confuse the age of white tea and sell poor‐quality products for profit. Therefore, it is necessary to provide technical support for product authentication and valorization in white tea of different marked ages.

Methods

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were detected by proton transfer reaction time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (PTR‐TOF‐MS) and identified as volatile fingerprints. PTR‐TOF‐MS combined with multivariate analysis was found to identify white tea of four different marked ages (1, 3, 5, and 8 years) for authentication. Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least‐squares discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA) were used as classification models to identify key volatile metabolites.

Results

The OPLS‐DA model achieved the best results (96.67%, 96.67%, 96.67%, and 96.67% in the training set and 96.00%, 96.00%, 100%, and 100% in the prediction set for 1‐year, 3‐year, 5‐year, and 8‐year tea samples, respectively), showing that PTR‐TOF‐MS with the OPLS‐DA model could successfully be used in the identification of white tea with different marked ages. Out of the 60 identified VOCs, 26 volatile materials were closely correlated with tea age and were used as markers to discriminate white tea of different ages.

Conclusions

PTR‐TOF‐MS coupled with multivariate analysis could be applied for quality evaluation of tea products of different ages and provided a feasible technical support for product authentication and valorization in white tea of different marked ages.
Automating integration under emergent constraints for embedded systems
Authors: Schlatow Johannes , Schmidt Edgard , Ernst Rolf
Published: October 2021

As embedded applications are subject to non-functional requirements (latency, safety, reliability, etc.) they require special care when it comes to providing assurances. Traditionally, these systems are quite static in their software and hardware composition. However, there is an increasing interest in enabling adaptivity and autonomy in embedded systems that cannot be satisfied with preprogrammed adaptations any more. Instead, it requires automated software composition in conjunction with model-based analyses that must adhere to requirements and constraints from various viewpoints. A major challenge in this matter is that embedded systems are subject to emergent constraints which are affected by inter-dependent properties resulting from the software composition and platform configuration. As these properties typically require an in-depth evaluation by complex analyses, a holistic formulation of parameters and their constraints is not applicable. We present a compositional framework for model-based integration of component-based embedded systems. The framework provides a structured approach to perform operations on a cross-layer model for model enrichment, synthesis and analysis. It thereby provides the overarching mechanisms to combine existing models, analyses and reasoning. Furthermore, it automates integration decisions and enables an iterative exploration of feasible system compositions. We demonstrate the applicability of this framework on a case study of a stereo-vision robot that uses a component-based operating system.