bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interoperability study of fast wireless charging and normal wireless charging of electric vehicles with a shared receiver
Authors: Zhang Yiming , Yan Zhengchao , Kan Tianze , Mi Chris
Published: February 2019

Fast charging of electric vehicles (EVs) has been the trend recently. For conductive charging, normal charging can be realised by an on‐board charger, while fast charging can be realised by a DC charger which is usually off‐board the vehicle. However, for wireless charging, there is a need of a transmitter on the ground and a receiver on the EV side. Therefore, there will be a high‐power receiver and a low‐power receiver in one EV to achieve dual charging capabilities. To reduce the EV‐side cost, weight, and volume, this paper proposes a wireless charging system with a shared receiver compatible of fast wireless charging (FWC) at a small air gap and normal wireless charging (NWC) at a large air gap. The relationship between the coil size and the power level is investigated and a suitable receiver coil size is selected for FWC. The LCC‐LCC topology is selected due to its characteristic of output power proportional to the coupling coefficient. Design procedures of the receiver and transmitters are investigated. The simulations and the experimental results obtained from the downscaled prototype verified the effectiveness of the compatibility design.
Design for continuous‐current‐mode operation of inductive‐power‐transfer converters with load‐independent output
Authors: Qu Xiaohui , Jing Yanyan , Lian Jing , Wong Siu‐Chung , Tse Chi K.
Published: February 2019

The control design of inductive power transfer (IPT) converters can be greatly simplified by exploring the property of load‐independent output. However, IPT converters can easily enter a discontinuous current mode (DCM) operation due to the non‐linearity of the output diode rectification circuit at some loading conditions. The switching between operations of continuous current mode (CCM) and DCM within a switching cycle is highly non‐linear, making the converter behaviour difficult to predict and analyse. The well‐known first harmonic approximation (FHA) analysis method and the load‐independent output property are no longer applicable when the converter enters DCM operation. This paper presents a simple and yet effective harmonic analysis method to reveal the main reason for the converter to enter DCM operation. Subsequently, the load boundary between CCM and DCM operations is derived in detail as a design criterion. A solution by increasing the input impedances at some higher order harmonic frequencies is also suggested to extend the load range against DCM operation. Finally, IPT prototypes using two higher order compensation circuits, having load‐independent voltage output and capacitor filter, are demonstrated to verify the theoretical analysis.
Studies on metallurgical contamination accumulation characteristics on ceramic insulator of 500 kV AC transmission line
Authors: Lan Lei , Mu Lin , Yuan Xiaoqing , Yan Jing , Wang Yu , Wang Wei , Shen Yang , Hao Lu
Published: February 2019

The composition of metallurgical contamination is rather special, which has a great influence on the contamination accumulation and flashover characteristics of the insulators. In this study, the 500 kV AC line insulators in metallurgical industry area of central China were sampled. The ion composition, element composition, micromorphology and particle size distribution of contamination at high and low end of insulator string were tested, respectively. The equivalent salt deposit density (ESDD) and non‐soluble deposit density (NSDD) of high‐voltage end, low‐voltage end and middle segment of three‐phase insulator strings were tested. The results indicate that the contamination particles are irregular in shape and dispersed with each other. The contamination particle size of high‐voltage end is larger than that of low‐voltage end. The main components of the contamination are Fe2O3 and CaSO4. The ESDD and NSDD of upper surface of upper phase is lower than that of middle phase and lower phase with the cleaning of rainwater. Due to the subsidence of metallurgical contamination from high altitude, the ESDD and NSDD of lower surface of the upper phase is higher than that of middle phase and lower phase. The ESDD and NSDD of lower surface of three phases reduce with the decrease of height.
Microstructural and magnetic properties of Zn substituted nickel ferrite synthesised by facile solution combustion method
Authors: Kumar Surbhi , Singh Jashanpreet , Kaur Harpreet , Singh Harminder , Singh Dosanjh Harmanjit
Published: February 2019

This work reports the synthesis of Ni1−x Znx Fe2O4 ferrite (where x = 0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5) by a facile solution combustion method, using oxalyl‐dihydrazide as a fuel. Owing to stoichiometric mixing of the starting materials and dissipation of heat during the combustion process, nano‐sized spinel ferrites have been synthesised. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies were carried out to confirm the presence of metal‐oxide bands in spinel ferrites. X‐ray powder diffraction analysis confirmed the presence of a single phase cubic nanocrystalline nature of ferrite samples. Energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy studies showed the purity of ferrite samples. The effect of Zn substitution on the magnetic properties of these ferrites is also reported here. Magnetic studies revealed that the saturation magnetisation for these ferrite powders increases up to x = 0.3 (38.73 emu/g) and then decreases. Mössbauer measurements revealed a gradual transition from a ferrimagnetic to a superparamagnetic character with increasing concentration of Zn.
Effects of composition and heat treatment on manganese–bismuth magnets
Authors: Sirisathitkul Chitnarong , Charoensuk Thanida
Published: February 2019

Synchrotron X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) spectra are used to complement X‐ray diffractometry (XRD) in the phase identification of pressed manganese–bismuth (MnBi) pellets. The heat treatment at 1000°C for 10 min after the synthesis improves the ferromagnetic properties. The magnetisation and coercive field are further enhanced when the Mn:Bi ratio is raised to 2:1. The obtained magnetic properties are related to the MnBi peaks in XRD patterns as well as the Mn‐edge XANES spectra. Although the spectra in the case of Mn:Bi ratio of 2:1 and 3:1 resemble that of MnO reference, the pre‐edge is shifted by the contribution of zero valent Mn and the peak intensity is reduced. A variety of phases in MnBi alloys dictate their magnetic properties required for permanent magnets and desirable ferromagnetic properties are governed by the increase of MnBi phase at the expense of MnO.
Co2 P/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites and their multifunctional performances
Authors: Liu Shuling , Chen Yuanru , Wang Xiaojian , Wang Yueyan
Published: February 2019

Cobalt phosphide/reduced graphene oxide (Co2 P/RGO) nanocomposites were synthesised successfully via a facile in‐situ solvothermal method. Co2 P nanoparticles with a mean size of 80 nm anchor uniformly and firmly on the surface of RGO nanosheets, which not only avoid the aggregation of Co2 P nanoparticles, but also prevent the restacking of RGO nanosheets. Used as a degradation agent, the as‐prepared composites exhibit superior adsorption degradation activity for various organic dyes. As an anode material for Li‐ion battery, the Co2 P/RGO composites also show good electrochemical properties and its initial discharge specific capacity of the as‐prepared composites can achieve to 900 mAh/g. The reason might be attributed to the interfacial interaction and the effective combination of Co2 P nanoparticles with RGO nanosheets.
Strengthening mechanism and properties of Co–WC composite coatings deposited by plasma‐transferred arc welding
Authors: Jiang Qiuyue , Tian Ye , Shu Fengyuan , Zhao Hongyun , Sun Yiming , He Wenxiong , Xu Binshi
Published: February 2019

Cobalt (Co)‐based tungsten carbide (WC) wear‐resistant coatings with different content of WC were prepared on the surface of Q235 low carbon steel by plasma‐transferred arc welding. The properties of the coatings such as strengthening mechanism, microhardness and wear properties were tested by using a metallurgical microscope, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrometer, X‐ray diffraction, Rockwell hardness tester, and friction wear equipment. The results show that the main reasons for the strengthening of spray welding layer are the solution strengthening formed by α‐Co with supersaturated tungsten (W) and the dispersion strengthening caused by eutectic precipitated carbide and silicide. The proportion of the solid solution of W in α‐Co steadily ranges from 18.00 to 19.59%. The morphologies of rich W‐phase are mainly related to the content of W. With the content of W increasing, the evolution process of the shape is the amorphous form→damascene shape→star‐like shape→the polygon. Amorphous W‐rich phase can be obtained when the content of WC ranges from 20 to 30%, evenly distributed W‐rich phase in the shape of damascene or star can be obtained when the WC content ranges from 30 to 40%, and the polygonal W‐rich phase can be obtained at the percentage of 40–50%.
Hydrothermal two‐dimensionalisation to porous ZnCo2O4 nanosheets non‐platinum ORR catalyst
Authors: Tao Nian , Liu Junchen , Wang Bowen , Liang Ce , Lin Sen , Du Yinxiao , Fan Dongyu , Yang Hujiang , Wang Yonggang , Huang Kai , Bi Ke , Liu Wenjun , Lei Ming
Published: February 2019

Ultrathin porous spinel structure ZnCo2O4 nanosheets (ZCONSs) are successfully prepared by a facile combination of hexamethylenetetramine‐assisted mild water bath reaction and a heat treatment process. The ultrathin film shape and porous of the as‐prepared ZCONSs were demonstrated by a transmission electron microscope. Such a specific nanostructure of the as‐prepared ZCONS provided an efficient charge transfer process, as well as an efficient mass transport process. Therefore, in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) test, ZCONS shows good electrocatalytic ability. Additionally, because of the ultrathin nanosheets possess enough extra free space for alleviating, so that endow long‐term cycling stability, make the catalyst possesses superior durability and excellent methanol tolerance ability.
Periprosthetic joint infections after total hip replacement: an algorithmic approach
Authors: Sukeik Mohamed , Haddad Fares Sami
Published: February 2019

An algorithm for managing periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) after total hip replacement (THR) surgery using a multidisciplinary approach and a clearly defined protocol may improve infection eradication rates. In this article, we present an algorithm for the management of different types of PJIs including the acutely infected cemented and cementless THRs where the components are well-fixed postoperatively and when the infection is secondary to haematogenous spread in previously well-functioning and well-fixed implants. For chronic PJIs where the components are often loose, the standard treatment includes a two-stage revision procedure. However, in a highly selected subset of patients, a single-stage approach has been utilised with high rates of eradicating infections.
An examination of action capabilities and movement time during a soccer anticipation task
Authors: Wilson Ricky , Dicks Matt , Milligan Gemma , Poolton Jamie , Alder David
Published: February 2019

This study examined the anticipation responses of twenty skilled youth players who were assigned to either a change of direction (CODG) or small-sided games group (SSGG). Action capabilities were assessedviaa countermovement vertical jump (CMVJ), 20 m sprint, 5 m acceleration and arrowhead change of direction (COD) test. Anticipation was measuredviaa soccer-specific anticipation test (SSAT), which required participants to anticipate the actions of an opposing player and intercept a pass. Pre- and post-intervention testing procedures were identical for both groups. Following training there was an overall improvement in CMVJ performance (p < 0.05,r = 0.52) for both training groups and this improvement was correlated with movement initiation in the SSAT (r = 0.61,p < 0.05). The novel findings of this study highlight that different training modes can potentially have a positive impact on anticipation performance. Further investigation focussing on an examination of the relationship between training, anticipation, and action capabilities in sport is warranted for the development of research and applied perspectives in expertise.
CO2 vs. air insufflation in endoscopic ultrasonography: a prospective study
Authors: Serrani Marta , Lisotti Andrea , Spada Alessia , Sferrazza Sandro , Calvanese Claudio , Fusaroli Pietro
Published: February 2019

Background and study aims Carbon dioxide (CO2) is being increasingly used for insufflation during endoscopy for safety and better tolerance. The role of CO2 during endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) has not been studied yet. Our main aim was to compare the effects of CO2 vs. air insufflation on abdominal discomfort in patients undergoing EUS. Our secondary outcomes were to ascertain the effects of CO2 insufflation on image quality/visual artifacts and on the amount of sedation.

Patients and methods This was a prospective, controlled, single-blind, observational study. Abdominal discomfort was assessed before diagnostic EUS, and 1 and 3 hours post-procedure and recorded as a visual analogue scale. Image quality was also recorded as a 4-point scale from optimal to poor at four different scanning sites (esophagus, stomach, duodenal bulb and second portion).

Results A total of 198 patients were enrolled. We observed that CO2 resulted in less abdominal discomfort than air insufflation that was statistically significant at 3 hours (P = 0.048) but not at 1 hour after EUS (P = 0.112), probably due to the ongoing effects of sedation at the latter stage. On the other hand, no differences were found in the dose of sedation administered in the two groups. Image quality was significantly better in the CO2 group compared to the air group at all four different scanning sites (P < 0.01). Similarly, CO2 correlated with less visual artifacts and need of suction (P < 0.01).

Conclusions Similarly to previous findings with other endoscopic procedures, EUS was associated with improved scores for abdominal discomfort with CO2 rather than air insufflation. Moreover, overall EUS image quality was improved using CO2 insufflation. Future studies are warranted to ascertain whether CO2 insufflation should be regarded as the standard of care for diagnostic EUS.
Next endoscopic approach for acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding without an identified source on colonoscopy: upper or capsule endoscopy?
Authors: Aoki Tomonori , Nagata Naoyoshi , Yamada Atsuo , Shimbo Takuro , Matsushita Yuuki , Shimomura Akira , Kobayashi Sakurako , Moriyasu Shiori , Niikura Ryota , Sakurai Toshiyuki , Hirata Yoshihiro , Akiyama Junichi , Uemura Naomi , Koike Kazuhiko
Published: February 2019

Background and study aims We evaluated the utility of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) or capsule endoscopy (CE) as the next diagnostic approach after negative colonoscopy (CS) results in acute-onset hematochezia.

Patients and methods We retrospectively analyzed 401 patients emergently hospitalized for acute hematochezia who underwent CS within 48 hours of arriving at two large emergency hospitals and in whom a definitive bleeding source was not identified. The positive endoscopic findings, requirement for additional therapeutic procedures, and 30-day rebleeding rates were compared among three strategies: EGD following CS (CS-EGD), CE following CS (CS-CE), and CS alone. Predictors of positive endoscopic findings in the CS-EGD strategy were determined.

Results The rates of positive endoscopic findings and requirement for additional therapeutic procedures were 22 % and 16 %, respectively, in CS-EGD and 50 % and 28 % in CS-CE. The 30-day rebleeding rate did not significantly decrease in CS-EGD (8 %) or CS-CE (11 %) compared with CS alone (12 %). The rate of additional endoscopic therapies was lower in patients with a colonic diverticulum than in those without (CS-EGD: 3 % vs. 33 %, P = 0.007; CS-CE: 11 % vs. 44 %, P = 0.147). A history of syncope, low blood pressure, blood urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio of ≥ 30, and low albumin level significantly predicted EGD findings after negative CS results (P < 0.05).

Conclusions When the definitive bleeding source is not identified by colonoscopy in patients with acute hematochezia, adjunctive endoscopy helps to identify the etiology and enables subsequent therapy, especially for patients without a colonic diverticulum. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is indicated for severe bleeding; other patients may be candidates for capsule endoscopy.
Jung bleiben mit Omega-3-Fettsäuren
Authors: Schmiedel Volker
Published: February 2019

Stille Entzündung ist ein Risikofaktor für das Altern. Alle Faktoren, die dazu
beitragen, Entzündungen zu reduzieren, sollten daher auch den Alterungsprozess
verlangsamen können. Medikamente wie Kortison oder NSAR kommen wegen zahlreicher
Nebenwirkungen allerdings nicht in Frage. Die antiinflammatorische Wirkung von
Omega-3-Fettsäuren ist seit langer Zeit bekannt. Gibt es auch Nachweise, dass
Altersbeschwerden wie Demenz, Sarkopenie oder Hautalterung durch
Omega-3-Fettsäuren aufgehalten werden können? Der Artikel gibt eine Übersicht
über die wichtigsten Studien.
Rasayana – Ayurvedisches Anti-Aging
Authors: Chopra Ananda Samir
Published: February 2019

Die Āyurveda-Medizin kennt schon seit 2000 Jahren differenzierte Konzepte zur
Erhaltung von Jugendlichkeit und Kraft auch im hohen Alter. Rasāyana bezeichnet
den Fachbereich der Āyurveda-Medizin, der speziell diesem Ziel gewidmet ist. Zu
Rasāyana gehören sowohl der Einsatz spezifischer pflanzlicher Arzneien, als auch
die Durchführung besonderer Therapieverfahren und eine gesundheitsförderliche
Lebensweise. Die verschiedenen Behandlungsmöglichkeiten müssen aber stets auf
der Grundlage einer individuellen Betrachtungsweise des Menschen eingesetzt und
kombiniert werden. Dabei ist die Grundkonstitution des Menschen zu
berücksichtigen ebenso wie Lebensalter und andere individuelle Determinanten.
Behandlungsansätze und Vorgehensweisen des Rasāyana werden hier übersichtsartig
vorgestellt.
Outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial esophageal cancer in an elderly population: a retrospective single center cohort study
Authors: Iizuka Toshiro , Kikuchi Daisuke , Hoteya Shu
Published: February 2019

Background and study aims Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is increasingly being used to treat superficial esophageal cancer in the elderly. However, data on clinical outcomes in this age group are limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ESD in treatment of superficial esophageal cancer and its effect on long-term outcome in the elderly.

Patients and methods In total, 664 consecutive patients with a histological diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma or high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia who underwent ESD between April 2008 and March 2016 at our institution were enrolled. Clinical outcomes and prognostic factors were compared retrospectively between those aged 75 years or older (n = 162) and those aged younger than 75 years (n = 502).

Results There was no significant difference in post-ESD bleeding (0 vs. 0.8 %, P = 0.27) and perforation rates (1.8 vs. 1.2 %, P = 0.47) between the two age groups; however, stricture rate was higher in younger patients than in elderly patients (20.8 % vs 11 %; P = 0.036). There was no significant difference in the rate of locoregional recurrence between the two groups. Overall survival was significantly different between the two groups, but cause-specific survival was similar.

Conclusion These findings confirm the efficacy of ESD for superficial esophageal cancer in selected elderly patients (75 years or older) who were fit for the treatment because they can achieve similar long-term survival to younger patients.
Verschwörung in der Pathologie
Authors: Hardinghaus Christian
Published: February 2019

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser. In diesem Jahr soll sich meine medizingeschichtliche Kolumne um „spektakuläre Fälle“ der Medizin drehen. Keine andere Wissenschaft als die Ihre hat so vielen Menschen das Leben gerettet. Doch immer auch gab es schwarze Schafe, die ihr Wissen und ihre Kunst missbrauchten und damit Leid verursacht haben. Ärzte feiern Erfolge, Ärzte machen Fehler. Ärzte sind Menschen. Das führt zu amüsanten, skurrilen oder auch schaurigen Ereignissen. 11 der spektakulärsten stelle ich Ihnen vor. Während der Recherchen zu meiner gerade erscheinenen Biografie über Ferdinand Sauerbruch bin ich auf einen kuriosen Fall des bis 1929 an der Charité lehrenden Professors der Pathologie Otto Lubarsch (1860– 1933) aufmerksam geworden. Nach Jahrzehnten zwischen Erfolgen und Anerkennung leistet er sich in seinem Hörsaal einen Fauxpas, der weltweit für Aufsehen sorgt und nicht nur die Charité in eine Krise stürzt, sondern auch sein eigens Ansehen nachhaltig beschädigt.
Miasmatic Rubric: Concept and Applications
Authors: Soulis Dimitrios
Published: February 2019

Background The aim of this study is to distinguish repertory rubrics where at least one miasm has a significantly higher prevalence amongst the remedies included.

Methods Sankaran's 10 miasm classification has been used where each remedy belongs only to one miasm. In this study, 14,486 rubrics from Schroyens ‘synthesis’ repertory were included; each one has 11 remedies at least. Pearson's chi-square test was applied to each rubric comparing the observed distribution of remedies amongst miasms to the expected one (based on the distribution of remedies amongst the whole population of rubrics).

Results Total 536 rubrics were identified to be significantly different regarding the observed count of remedies in each miasm compared with the expected one.

Conclusions Some of the ‘miasmatic rubrics’ identified refer to symptoms closely related to the miasm definitions and some of them do not. The latter category can give us more insight into the concept of each miasm by associating it with symptoms not currently included in miasmatic theory.
Impact of Multilayer Vascularized Reconstruction after Skull Base Endoscopic Endonasal Approaches
Authors: Simal-Julián Juan Antonio , Miranda-Lloret Pablo , Pérez de San Román Mena Laila , Sanromán-Álvarez Pablo , García-Piñero Alfonso , Sanchis-Martín Rosa , Botella-Asunción Carlos , Kassam Amin
Published: February 2019

Background The use of vascularized flap to reconstruct the skull base defects has dramatically changed the postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak rates allowing the expansion of endoscopic skull base procedures. At present, there is insufficient scientific evidence to permit identification of the optimal reconstruction technique after the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA).

Objective The main purpose of this article is to establish the risk factors for failure in the reconstruction after EEA and whether the use of a surgical reconstruction protocol can improve the surgical results.

Material and Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted in our institution, selecting patients that underwent EEA with intraoperative CSF leak. Two reconstructive protocols were defined based on different reconstructive techniques; both were vascularized but one monolayer and the other multilayer. A multivariate analysis was performed with outcome variable presentation of postoperative leak.

Results One hundred one patients were included in the study. Patients reconstructed with protocol 1, with the diagnosis different to the pituitary adenoma and older than 45 years old had higher risk of presenting postoperative leak, and with statistically significant differences when we adjusted for the remaining variables.

Conclusion The vascularized reconstructions after endoscopic endonasal skull base approaches have demonstrated to be able to obtain a low rate of postoperative CSF leak. The multilayer vascularized technique may provide a more evolved technique, even reducing the postoperative leak rates comparing with the monolayer vascularized one. The reconstructive protocol employed in each case, as well as age and histological diagnosis, is independent risk factor for presenting postoperative leak.
Transcanal Microscopic Transpromontorial Approach for Vestibular Schwannoma
Authors: Isaacson Brandon , Tolisano Anthony M. , Patel Ankur Ramanlal , Barnett Samuel L.
Published: February 2019

Objectives This video demonstrates the transcanal transpromontorial approach for resection of vestibular schwannoma.

Design/Setting/Participants Present study is based on a video of a single patient undergoing the above approach at a tertiary care skull base surgery program.

Results This video demonstrates a transcanal microscopic transpromontorial approach for resection of an enlarging intracanalicular vestibular schwannoma in a young patient with nonserviceable hearing. The video highlights the pertinent surgical anatomy and outlines, in a step-by-step fashion, the approach to the internal auditory canal via this minimally invasive approach. The surgical indications and reconstructive techniques are also discussed (Fig. 1).

Conclusions A transcanal microscopic transpromontorial approach for vestibular schwannoma is feasible and offers a minimally invasive option for patients electing for microsurgical resection.

The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/-oKkRooytws.
The Use of Mobile Educational Tools to Improve Antimicrobial Prescription for the Treatment of Acute Pyelonephritis in Pregnancy: A Retrospective Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Antonello Vicente Sperb , Cunegatto Marjane Caroline , Rosin Elisa Tasca , Castilhos Júlia Xavier , Beduschi Fabrícia Gamba , Bumaguin Daniela Benzano , Antonello Ivan Carlos Ferreira , Jimenez Mirela Foresti
Published: February 2019

Objective To analyze the prescription of antimicrobial agents for pregnant women admitted into the obstetrics service who presented with acute pyelonephritis.

Methods Three cross-sectional studies were performed comparing the prescription of antimicrobials for pyelonephritis in pregnant women in the time periods evaluated (2010–2011: 99 patients evaluated; 2013: 116 patients evaluated; 2015: 107 patients evaluated), at the Hospital Fêmina, Porto Alegre, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The analysis was performed before and after the promotion of an institutional protocol for the treatment of pyelonephritis during pregnancy, and on a third occasion after the introduction of a smartphone-based mobile educational tool.

Results The evaluation of the prescribing physicians and the adequacy of the prescriptions between the different periods studied revealed a significant increase in appropriate conduct for the choice of antimicrobial (2010: 83.8%; 2013: 95.7%; and 2015: 100%), route of administration (2010: 97%; 2013: 100%; and 2015: 100%), and interval (2010: 91.9%; 2013: 95.7%; and 2015: 100%), following the introduction of the protocol, and again after the implementation of the software application with orientations on the antimicrobial treatment.

Conclusion The use of specific mobile applications should be encouraged to attain a better quality and accuracy in prescriptions and to include strategies that not only reduce the risk of negative outcomes, but also improve the quality of care and treatment for maintaining the health both of the mother and of the baby.
Comparison of Continuation of Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin versus Switching to Unfractionated Heparin in the Peripartum
Authors: Enakpene Christopher A. , Pontarelli Kristina N. , Della Torre Micaela
Published: February 2019

Objective This study aimed to determine whether switching from low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) to unfractionated heparin (UFH) or its continuation in the peripartum affected anesthesia choice or bleeding complications.

Study Design A retrospective cohort study of 189 anticoagulated pregnant women who delivered at the University of Illinois at Chicago Hospital and Health Science System from 2005 to 2016. Demography, anesthesia choice, and bleeding complications were compared between the two groups.

Results There were 138 (73%) women on LMWH versus 51 (27%) who switched from LMWH to UFH during the peripartum. The demographics were similar, 123 women were on prophylactic: 81 (66%) were on LMWH and 42 (34%) switched to UFH. Of the 66 women on therapeutic anticoagulation, 57 (86%) continued on LMWH, while 9 (14%) switched to UFH. No difference in neuraxial anesthesia type received: 42 (82.4%) versus 108 (79.7%) women (odds ratio: 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.52–2.73, p = 0.837). Bleeding complications more than 1,000 mL, 6 versus 10% (relative risk [RR]: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.17–1.94, p = 0.380) and relaparotomy due to hemoperitoneum, 2% in either group (RR: 0.9, 95% CI: 0.10–8.48, p = 0.930) were similar in the two groups regardless of time of last injection.

Conclusion Anesthesia type and rate of bleeding complications were similar between women on LMWH and UFH during the peripartum.
Effects of heavy ion irradiation on Zr-2.5Nb pressure tube alloy. II. Orientation dependent dislocation loop propagation and elemental redistribution
Authors: Wang Qiang , Balogh Levente , Dong Qingshan , Guo Ning , Yao Zhongwen , Daymond Mark R.
Published: February 2019

The irradiation induced microstructure of heavy ion irradiated Zr-2.5Nb alloy has been characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Diffraction line profile analysis is used to analyze the X-ray diffraction data and anisotropic responses to irradiation in terms of peak broadening in axial direction (AD; sample surface normal aligned with axial direction) and transverse direction (TD; sample surface normal aligned with transverse direction) samples. More specifically, AD samples demonstrate a significantly higher peak broadening than TD for the same irradiation dose level. TEM characterization shows that heavy ion irradiation induces small  type dislocation loops in the range of 2-10 nm in diameter. However, up to 0.2 dpa, the dislocation densities calculated from X-ray diffraction and TEM characterization both show comparable quantities for AD and TD samples. The considerable additional peak broadening of AD samples is attributed to an intergranular strain distribution. Chemi-STEM analysis shows that Fe is depleted from β-phase to α-β phase boundary and then into the α matrix, mainly due to ion sputtering during heavy ion irradiation.
Strain effects on electronic and magnetic properties of the monolayer α-RuCl3: A first-principles and Monte Carlo study
Authors: Vatansever Erol , Sarikurt Sevil , Ersan Fatih , Kadioglu Yelda , Üzengi Aktürk Olcay , Yüksel Yusuf , Ataca Can , Aktürk Ethem , Akıncı Ümit
Published: February 2019

The electronic and magnetic properties of a material can be altered by strain engineering. We elucidate the strain dependence of electronic and magnetic properties in α-RuCl3 monolayer by varying the biaxial in-plane tensile strain from 1% to 8%. The magnetic ground state of the α-RuCl3 monolayer evolves from antiferromagnetic zigzag (AFM-ZZ) configuration to ferromagnetic (FM) under a biaxial in-plane tensile strain higher than 2%. In a strain-free state, the FM configuration has a direct bandgap of 0.54 eV, and the AFM-ZZ configuration has an indirect bandgap of 0.73 eV. The energy bandgap of the α-RuCl3 monolayer undergoes a change by the variation of the tensile strain. Furthermore, a detailed Monte Carlo simulation has been implemented to investigate the magnetic properties of the considered system for varying values of tensile strain. Temperature dependencies of the thermodynamic quantities of interest as functions of strains display strong evidence supporting the first-principles calculations within density functional theory. Our Monte Carlo findings also suggest that the Curie temperature of the α-RuCl3 monolayer tends to get higher up to 20.11 K with a tensile strain 8%, which means that applying a strain leads to getting a more stable FM ground state. In addition, we find that magnetocrystalline anisotropy in the α-RuCl3 monolayer can be controlled by the applied strain.
Aging effect and metastable ferroelectric state in Ba4Eu2(Ti0.9Zr0.1)4Ta6O30 tetragonal tungsten bronze ceramic
Authors: Feng Wen Bin , Zhu Xiao Li , Liu Xiao Qiang , Chen Xiang Ming
Published: February 2019

The aging effect and the metastable ferroelectric state are investigated in the Ba4Eu2(Ti0.9Zr0.1)4Ta6O30 ceramic, where the tetragonal tungsten bronze structure with a P4bm space group is confirmed. When the compound is cooled from temperatures far above its transition temperature (TC), a very slim polarization-electric field curve is observed at 300 K. After 3 days of aging at 300 K, an obvious increase in the remanent polarization and the coercive electric field can be obtained. Moreover, a gradual recovery of the endothermic peak is detected in the differential scanning calorimeter curves when the compound is cooled from temperatures above TC and aged at 300 K for several days. These phenomena are interpreted as the result of a metastable ferroelectric state and the related aging effect, which may be deeply concerned with the compositional inhomogeneity and the hindered superstructure transformation. Through manipulating A and B site cation substitutions, the range of the metastable ferroelectric state can be tuned, and compounds with a different ferroelectric transition process can be obtained.
Dual Dirac cones in elastic Lieb-like lattice metamaterials
Authors: Li Bing , Li Zheng , Christensen Johan , Tan K. T.
Published: February 2019

Double-zero-index properties of electromagnetic and acoustic waveguides have been recently realized based on Dirac/Dirac-like cones at the Brillouin zone (BZ) center. However, very limited research has been devoted to double-zero-index structural systems of elastic waveguides, and almost no lattice system has been able to achieve multiple separated Dirac cones generated around different frequencies at the BZ center. Here, we report two separated elastic-wave Dirac-like cones, which are simultaneously achieved around different Dirac points at the BZ center, due to the accidental degeneracy and frequency repulsion effect in a Lieb-like lattice metamaterial. Using the proposed elastic medium, the double-zero-index properties of various elastic wave modes are theoretically analyzed, numerically computed, and experimentally observed at the neighborhood of both Dirac-like points. The performance of near total transmission without the phase change and the ability of wave-front shaping are unambiguously verified by numerical simulation and experimental measurements.
Optical gain of inelastic exciton-exciton scattering in CdS nanowires
Authors: Jang Juyeong , Song Gwangseop , Kyhm Kwangseuk , Cho Chang-Hee
Published: February 2019

We have performed a variable stripe length method at 5 K to measure the optical gain of CdS nanowires. When the excited carrier density is lower than the Mott density, we found that various inelastic scatterings of excitons and LO-phonons are involved. As a consequence of inelastic exciton-exciton scattering, the excitons scattered down to the low polariton branch cause P-emission lasing, and the excited excitons also result in a population inversion through intra-relaxation. When LO-phonon scatterings are involved, a broad optical gain spectrum is observed resulting from exciton-LO and P-LO scatterings.
A Trip to the Density Functional Theory Zoo: Warnings and Recommendations for the User
Authors: Goerigk Lars , Mehta Nisha
Published: February 2019

This account is written for general users of density functional theory (DFT) methods as well as experimental researchers who are new to the field and would like to conduct such calculations. Its main emphasis lies on how to find a way through the confusing ‘zoo’ of DFT by addressing common misconceptions and highlighting those modern methods that should ideally be used in calculations of energetic properties and geometries. A particular focus is on highly popular methods and the important fact that popularity does not imply accuracy. In this context, we present a new analysis of the openly available data published in Swart and co-workers’ famous annual ‘DFT poll’ (http://www.marcelswart.eu/dft-poll/) to demonstrate the existing communication gap between the DFT user and developer communities. We show that despite considerable methodological advances in the field, the perception of some parts of the user community regarding their favourite approaches has changed little. It is hoped that this account makes a contribution towards changing this status and that users are inspired to adjust their current computational protocols to accommodate strategies that are based on proven robustness, accuracy, and efficiency rather than popularity.
The intersection of language ideologies and language awareness among in-service teachers of emergent
bilinguals
Authors: Lindahl Kristen , Henderson Kathryn I.
Published: February 2019

Important components of the teacher knowledge base are how aware a teacher is of language (including how it is
acquired and best taught), as well as their language ideologies. Because a combination of ideologies and awareness may guide many
pedagogical decisions, this mixed-methods sequential explanatory study explored prevalent language ideological orientations of
educators in a dual language immersion (DLI) context, their degrees of Teacher Language Awareness (TLA), and the relationship
between the two. Findings revealed that participants with high degrees of TLA oriented significantly more positively towards
additive language ideologies, while educators with low degrees of TLA were significantly more likely to orient toward deficit
ideologies. Data from cases representing high and low degrees of TLA provide an in-depth view of the relationship between
teachers’ TLA and ideologies in practice. This study extends an understanding of how language awareness and ideologies interact,
along with implications for pre- and in-service teacher professional development.
The large genome size variation in the Hesperis clade was shaped by the prevalent proliferation of DNA repeats and rarer genome downsizing
Authors: Hloušková Petra , Mandáková Terezie , Pouch Milan , Trávníček Pavel , Lysak Martin A
Published: February 2019

Background and Aims

Most crucifer species (Brassicaceae) have small nuclear genomes (mean 1C-value 617 Mb). The species with the largest genomes occur within the monophyletic Hesperis clade (Mandáková et al., Plant Physiology174: 2062–2071; also known as Clade E or Lineage III). Whereas most chromosome numbers in the clade are 6 or 7, monoploid genome sizes vary 16-fold (256–4264 Mb). To get an insight into genome size evolution in the Hesperis clade (~350 species in ~48 genera), we aimed to identify, quantify and localize in situ the repeats from which these genomes are built. We analysed nuclear repeatomes in seven species, covering the phylogenetic and genome size breadth of the clade, by low-pass whole-genome sequencing.

Methods

Genome size was estimated by flow cytometry. Genomic DNA was sequenced on an Illumina sequencer and DNA repeats were identified and quantified using RepeatExplorer; the most abundant repeats were localized on chromosomes by fluorescence in situ hybridization. To evaluate the feasibility of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-based comparative chromosome painting in Hesperis-clade species, BACs of arabidopsis were used as painting probes.

Key Results

Most biennial and perennial species of the Hesperis clade possess unusually large nuclear genomes due to the proliferation of long terminal repeat retrotransposons. The prevalent genome expansion was rarely, but repeatedly, counteracted by purging of transposable elements in ephemeral and annual species.

Conclusions

The most common ancestor of the Hesperis clade has experienced genome upsizing due to transposable element amplification. Further genome size increases, dominating diversification of all Hesperis-clade tribes, contrast with the overall stability of chromosome numbers. In some subclades and species genome downsizing occurred, presumably as an adaptive transition to an annual life cycle. The amplification versus purging of transposable elements and tandem repeats impacted the chromosomal architecture of the Hesperis-clade species.
Altered Cortical Brain Structure and Increased Risk for Disease Seen Decades After Perinatal Exposure to Maternal Smoking: A Study of 9000 Adults in the UK Biobank
Authors: Salminen Lauren E , Wilcox Rand R , Zhu Alyssa H , Riedel Brandalyn C , Ching Christopher R K , Rashid Faisal , Thomopoulos Sophia I , Saremi Arvin , Harrison Marc B , Ragothaman Anjanibhargavi , Knight Victoria , Boyle Christina P , Medland Sarah E , Thompson Paul M , Jahanshad Neda
Published: February 2019

Secondhand smoke exposure is a major public health risk that is especially harmful to the developing brain, but it is unclear if early exposure affects brain structure during middle age and older adulthood. Here we analyzed brain MRI data from the UK Biobank in a population-based sample of individuals (ages 44–80) who were exposed (n = 2510) or unexposed (n = 6079) to smoking around birth. We used robust statistical models, including quantile regressions, to test the effect of perinatal smoke exposure (PSE) on cortical surface area (SA), thickness, and subcortical volumes. We hypothesized that PSE would be associated with cortical disruption in primary sensory areas compared to unexposed (PSE−) adults. After adjusting for multiple comparisons, SA was significantly lower in the pericalcarine (PCAL), inferior parietal (IPL), and regions of the temporal and frontal cortex of PSE+ adults; these abnormalities were associated with increased risk for several diseases, including circulatory and endocrine conditions. Sensitivity analyses conducted in a hold-out group of healthy participants (exposed, n = 109, unexposed, n = 315) replicated the effect of PSE on SA in the PCAL and IPL. Collectively our results show a negative, long term effect of PSE on sensory cortices that may increase risk for disease later in life.
Emergence of Drug Resistance in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study Under Potent Antiretroviral Therapy Is Observed in Socially Disadvantaged Patients
Authors: Abela Irene A , Scherrer Alexandra U , Böni Jürg , Yerly Sabine , Klimkait Thomas , Perreau Matthieu , Hirsch Hans H , Furrer Hansjakob , Calmy Alexandra , Schmid Patrick , Cavassini Matthias , Bernasconi Enos , Günthard Huldrych F ,   Swiss HIV Cohort Study, Anagnostopoulos A , Battegay M , Bernasconi E , Böni J , Braun D L , Bucher H C , Calmy A , Cavassini M , Ciuffi A , Dollenmaier G , Egger M , Elzi L , Fehr J , Fellay J , Furrer H , Fux C A , Günthard H F , Haerry D , Hasse B , Hirsch H H , Hoffmann M , Hösli I , Huber M , Kahlert C , Kaiser L , Keiser O , Klimkait T , Kouyos R D , Kovari H , Ledergerber B , Martinetti G , Martinez de Tejada B , Marzolini C , Metzner K J , Müller N , Nicca D , Paioni P , Pantaleo G , Perreau M , Rauch A , Rudin C , Scherrer A U , Schmid P , Speck R , Stöckle M , Tarr P , Trkola A , Vernazza P , Wandeler G , Weber R , Yerly S
Published: February 2019

Background

The rate of acquired human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) drug resistance (ADR) has fallen dramatically since introduction of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) in Switzerland. However, clinical experience indicates that there are still patients at risk of newly acquiring drug resistance despite having access to cART. Here, we characterized risk factors for ADR, to improve patient care and prevent emergence of drug resistance and treatment failure.

Methods

We performed a case-control study to identify risk factors for ADR in all patients starting their first cART in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS) since 1996. The SHCS is highly representative and includes >75% of patients receiving ART in Switzerland. To this end, we implemented a systematic medical chart review to obtain more detailed information on additional parameters, which are not routinely collected in the SHCS. The collected data were analyzed using univariable and multivariable conditional logistic regression.

Results

We included in our study 115 cases and 115 matched controls. Unemployment (multivariable odds ratio [mOR], 2.9 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.3–6.4]; P = .008), African origin (mOR, 3.0 [95% CI, 1.0–9.2]; P = .047), comedication with anti-infectives (mOR, 3.7 [95% CI, 1.0–12.6]; P = .045), and symptoms of mental illness (mOR, 2.6 [95% CI, 1.2–5.5]; P = .012) were associated with ADR in the multivariable model.

Conclusions

Although ADR has become very rare with cART due to new potent therapies, patients in socially challenging life situations or presenting with mental health issues are at higher risk for drug resistance. Prompt identification and adequate support of these patients before ADR will prevent treatment failure and HIV-1 transmission.
T-lymphocyte in ANCA-associated vasculitis: what do we know? A pathophysiological and therapeutic approach
Authors: Martinez Valenzuela Laura , Bordignon Draibe Juliana , Fulladosa Oliveras Xavier , Bestard Matamoros Oriol , Cruzado Garrit Josep Maria , Torras Ambrós Juan
Published: February 2019

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is an autoimmune condition that commonly causes kidney impairment and can be fatal. The key participation of B-lymphocytes as ANCA producers and neutrophils as target of these antibodies is widely described as the mechanism of endothelial damage in this disease. There has been a rising interest in the role of T-lymphocytes in AAV in recent years. Evidence is strong from animal models, and T-lymphocytes can be found infiltrating kidney tissue and other tissue sites in AAV patients. Furthermore, the different subsets of T-lymphocytes are also key players in the aberrant immune response observed in AAV. Polarization towards a predominant Th1 and Th17 response in the acute phase of the disease has been described, along with a decline in the number of T-regulatory lymphocytes, which, in turn, show functional impairment. Interactions between different T-cell subsets, and between T-cells and neutrophils and B-cells, also enhance the inflammatory response, constituting a complex network. Novel therapies targeting T-cell immunity are emerging in this scenario and may constitute an interesting alternative to conventional therapy in selected patients. This review aims to summarize the available evidence regarding T-cell imbalances and functional impairment, especially focusing on renal involvement of AAV.