bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microtubers production by using Temporary Immersion System (TIS) bioreactor to potato varieties
Authors: Andriani Septi , Siregar Luthfi Aziz Mahmud , Safni Irda
Published: November 2021

As the national potatoes growth has become lower from year to year, it is now known that the problems came from the lack of certified potato seed varieties and the minimum access to sophisticated technology to make a good potato variety. The solution that can be made is to utilize microtubers as an efficient factor. The purpose of this research is to find the most effective method in micro tubers cultivation in vitro by comparing the conventional tissue culture method and the Temporary Immersion System (TIS) bioreactor method to four different potato varieties (Granola L., Dayang Sumbi, Atlantic Malang, Maglia). This research uses a split-plot design with a completely randomized design by using two factorial. The result of this study shows that the microtubers in the multiplication and production step using the TIS bioreactor method has a higher average compared to the conventional tissue culture method. As the various details, Dayang Sumbi has the highest parameter such as most sprouts, primer roots, diameter, wet weights, and fastest time growth. Granola L. excel in planlet height and most tubers. Atlantic Malang in the most multiplication and nodus. Meanwhile Maglia excel in most leaves.
Amplification rate of matK and rbcL genes in three types of durian
Authors: Cahyaningsih Y F , Sukartini  , Sutanto A , Santoso P J , Arsyad M A , Larekeng S H
Published: November 2021

Durian is a tropic fruit having numerous variations on its fruits. Its variations are not only in its shape but also in its aril fruit, aril color, flavor, and aril thickness. In addition to its fruit variations, the genus Durio also has many species which quite hard to distinguish morphologically, except during flowering and fruiting times. This study aimed to determine the genetic relationship among Durian, Pelangi Atuturi Variety Durian, Durio graveolent, and Durio zibetinus based on chloroplast genes (RbcL and matK genes). The primers were previously designed for amplifying matK and rbcL genes based on the Durio zibethinus sequence. Both genes were used because of having great competence to describe genetic relationships between plant species. The rbcL primer could amplify all evaluated samples. Meanwhile, matK primer generated a smeared band in Durian Pelangi; thus, we did not obtain any sequence of this plant. Sequence analysis showed no variation of rbcL sequence in these evaluated species. A similar result was also observed on D. zibethinus and D. graveolent. Overall, both genes could not describe the genetic relationship among the evaluated durians, and they were grouped in the same cluster in phylogenetic.
Vegetation diversity of Hevea brasiliensis agroforest system in Tumbang Mantuhe Village, Gunung Mas Regency, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Purnawan E I , Jemi R , Kasim H , Uthan L A , Regalino J , Hamidi A
Published: November 2021

A rubber agroforest system is a form of land use that considers ecological and economic aspects that are still maintained by the people of Tumbang Mantuhe Village. This study aims to identify and analyze the diversity of vegetation in the agroforest system in Tumbang Mantuhe Village, Gunung Mas Regency, Central Kalimantan. This research uses purposive sampling and the vegetation analysis method. The results showed that the species of vegetation in the rubber agroforest system amounted to 29 species in 23 families. At the seedling level, it is dominated by Macaranga sp. and Xylopia ferruginea; the sapling level is dominated by H. brasiliensis and Syzygium tawahense; the pole level is dominated by Deplanchea bancana and Xylopia ferruginea; at the tree, the level is dominated by H. brasiliensis and Lithocarpus sp. At the seedling, sapling, pole, and tree levels, the diversity values were moderate and the species richness values were moderate to high, and the species distribution was even (stable). The H. brasiliensis agroforest system with various trees in it is a characteristic of local wisdom that the people of Tumbang Mantuhe Village have applied from generation to generation, which provides a balance between ecology and economy.
Isolation of phosphate-solubilizing rhizosphere fungi from jabon merah (Neolamarckia macrophylla) stand of Sidrap Provenance, South Sulawesi
Authors: Jufri S W , Rahim I , Arif A , Restu M , Iswanto I , Larekeng S H
Published: November 2021

Phosphate is an essential macro element that has a necessary function as a constituent of ATP and DNA in plants. However, the availability of dissolved phosphate in the soil is minimal because it tends to bind with soil minerals to form phosphate complexes. With rhizosphere fungi, the low available phosphate in the soil can be overcome. This study aimed to determine the character and potential of fungi capable of dissolving phosphate. The source of the isolates used was a collection of rhizosphere fungus isolates under the red jabon stand. Purification was carried out using the point method on PDA media. The phosphate dissolving ability test was done using the standard method using liquid pikovskaya media and then analyzed descriptively and quantitatively. Eighteen rhizosphere fungus isolates were observed, two of which could dissolve phosphate, respectively, obtained from isolates JCS16 with a concentration value of 10.48 ppm, JCS 13 with a concentration value of 10.06 ppm.
Characterization of phosphate solubilizing and cellulolytic fungi isolated from soil under Eurycoma longifolia stands
Authors: Elfiati D , Susilowati A , Siagian T M
Published: November 2021

Eurycoma longifoliais one of the potential medicinal plants and has a high economic value if developed. The bioactive compound produced byE. longifoliahas potential as medicine, thus causing increased exploitation of their habitat. This condition resulted in the decreasing population ofE .longifoliain nature. The distribution ofE. longifoliais influenced by soil fertility conditions. The presence of phosphate solubilizing fungi and cellulolytic fungi in the soil can support the growth ofE. longifoliain nature. The purpose of this study was to calculate the population of phosphate solubilizing and cellulolytic fungi and to identify the types of phosphate solubilizing and cellulolytic fungi found in the soil underE. longifoliastands. Soil samples were taken randomly at a depth of 0–20 cm in a natural forest of Papaso Village, Lubu Sutam District, Padang Lawas Regency, North Sumatra. Population and isolation of phosphate solubilizing and cellulolytic fungi were obtained by dilution methods. The isolates obtained were identified morphologically to the genus level by macroscopic and microscopic observation of colonies. The results showed that the population of phosphate solubilizing and cellulolytic fungi were 6.64 × 104CFU/mL and 9.31 × 103CFU/mL, respectively. The isolation results in 11 isolates of phosphate solubilizing and 10 isolates of cellulolytic fungi. Based on the morphological identification of phosphate solubilizing fungi isolates consisted of 5 genera, namelyAspergillus, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Fusarium, andMucor, while isolates of cellulolytic fungi also included 5 genera, namelyAspergillus,Cladosporium,Penicillium,Rhizopus, andMucor.
Environmental communication model through community-based tourism development in overcoming mangrove damage
Authors: Yasir Yasir , Firdaus Muhammad , Nurjanah Nurjanah , Salam Noor Efni
Published: November 2021

Environmental crises such as pollution, forest damage, loss of biodiversity, and climate change are the real problems. The environmental changes can impact the social and economic life of the community. The destruction of mangrove forests and abrasion is a major problem on the coast of Riau Province. This study aims to explain environmental communication through Community based Tourism (CBT) in overcoming mangrove damage in Pangkalan Jambi Village, Bengkalis Regency. This study uses a qualitative method with case studies. The results showed that environmental communication through CBT was carried out by Community Development of PT Pertamina RU II Sei Pakning in collaboration with a fishing group. Environmental communication activities to overcome abrasion and mangrove damage are done by establishing good relations, strengthening fishermen group institutions, and connecting with other groups or stakeholders. Pertamina empowers the fishing group by holding meetings, providing training, and developing tourism-based innovations to conserve mangroves. The emphasis of communication with CBT uses the principles: friendship, deliberation, and mutual cooperation. Mangrove Education Center, besides being a tourist destination, its existence is an important communication channel for public education to care about the environment. This environmental message is not only addressed to empower communities, school students, and local village youth but also has a broad impact on visitors, even becoming mass media coverage and discussions on social media. This CBT-based environmental communication model must be supported and integrated with other stakeholders so that its existence has a wider and sustainable impact.
The social capital of the Tana Toraja community becomes one of the key strategies for social forestry development in the working area of the saddang I forest management unit
Authors: Pairunan K , Dassir M , Paembonan S
Published: November 2021

The success of forestry development is largely determined by the extent to which the level of community participation in contributing to forest management efforts and the quality of human resources that support it. The process of community empowerment is basically an effort how the community can recognize and reflect its own problems, potential itself and the environment and motivate in developing that potential proportionally in participatory ways or methods. Social capital is the ability of the community to relate to one another and become a very important force for the economic life of the community as well as other aspects of social existence. The characteristics of social capital become one of the indicators that will determine the sustainability of Social Forestry management. The low level of one of the categories of social capital will result in decreased support for activities carried out in the Social Forestry program.
Socioeconomic characteristics of communities utilizing land in forest areas in the Maros Watershed
Authors: Ekasari Chaerunnisa , Barkey Roland , A Chairil , Nursaputra Munajat , Pahar Septian Perdana Putra
Published: November 2021

The community has used the land throughout the area without exception in the forest area. The function of forest areas also varies based on the biophysical conditions of a land. The Maros River Basin has a complex forest area function ranging from production forest, protection forest to conservation forest (National Park). In addition, the Maros watershed also has its own uniqueness in the form of a karst ecosystem and biodiversity. This requires information related to activities, and the role of forests for people who use land in forest areas to meet their daily needs. Based on this, this study aims to analyze land use patterns, and socio-economic characteristics of the people in the Maros River Basin. This analysis begins with spot image analysis, and land use interpretation. The second analysis conducts detailed observations of land use in the field based on the results of land use interpretations that indicate community activities in forest areas. The last analysis is the socio-economic conditions, and the influence of the role of the forest on the community in using land in the forest area. The results of the analysis show that each area function is dominated by land use patterns in the form of dry land mixed with shrubs, rice fields, plantations, plantation forests, and secondary forests. Land use in the form of dry land mixed with shrubs is used as seasonal crops such as corn and horticulture. The use of plantation land, the community gets results in the form of candlenut and coffee. The use of plantation forest land is used to obtain pine resin, while the community uses the secondary forest as non-timber forest products such as honey bees and bamboo. The level of education of people who use forest areas is still low and the average income from the use of these areas is Rp. 1,372,679, - lower than the minimum wage in South Sulawesi Province.
Community social capital in community forest management in Pinang Village, Cendana District, Enrekang Regency
Authors: Nurindah Andi , Alam Syamsu , Sabar Adrayanti
Published: November 2021

This study aims to examine 3 elements of social capital, namely mutual trust (trust), network (network), and reciprocal relationships (reciprocal) in the development of Community Forests (HKm). The qualitative descriptive method was carried out as a research approach. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis used is qualitative, data reduction, data presentation, and concluding. The results showed that the level of public trust in general, both supported by cooperation between communities, trust between members of farmer groups, farmer groups with other farmer groups, and farmer groups with the government was well established because they always believed in each other that all parties, both the community, government, and other agencies work together to bring about the development of HKm in their villages. The social network that is intertwined in the village community is well established. In addition to being motivated by kinship, communication and mutual understanding are also strong factors in social networks in the village, namely social networks in community economic activities have reaped an increase in marketing. Social networks in environmental activities are proven by the willingness of farmer groups to receive information related to forest management. Social networking in community activities is proven by the enthusiasm of the village community in participating in training held by the government. The mutual benefits that exist between the parties can be seen in the benefits received by each party, both the community, government and NGOs, and other supporting institutions.
Policy model of regional fishery management for Indonesia’s exclusive economic zone
Authors: Pramoda Radityo , Yuliaty Christina , Shafitri Nensyana , Zulham Armen , Koeshendrajana Sonny , Kurniasari Nendah , Mu’awanah Umi , Kurniawan Tikkyrino , Indahyanti Bayu Vita , Hafsaridewi Rani
Published: November 2021

The abundant potential of Fishery resources within the Indonesia’s Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) would be very beneficial for the entire community if it is properly managed. The correct management model can provide a balanced state between optimal economic benefits and resources preservation. This study aimed at developing a fisheries management policy model in the Indonesian EEZ as an effort to create optimal and sustainable utilization. The analysis was carried out qualitatively using a case study approach within an empirical juridical point of view which resulted in a descriptive report. The management models developed prescribes several policies to be carried out, such as: 1). New vessels development; and 2). Provision of Access Regulation for both Indonesian as well as foreign fishers. The management model also requires several important prerequisites, such as: 1). Periodic reasonable sea monitoring efforts; 2). Facilitation for the national business actors in the operation and marketing of catches; and 3). Simplification of fishing permits for foreign vessels accompanied by clear and firm cooperation agreements.
Identification of plant constituents for tapanuli orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis) nest in Batang Toru North Tapanuli
Authors: Sianipar H F , Sijabat A , Siahaan T M , Sinaga C V R , Siahaan M M , Harefa N
Published: November 2021

Tapanuli orangutan is an endemic animal in North Sumatra that must be protected so that conservation efforts are needed to preserve it. Tapanuli Orangutan nests are the focus of this research. This research is aimed to know the variety of constituents plant the nests of tapanuli orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis), to know the kind of the most dominant plant to construct the nests by Tapanuli orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis), the composition of constituents the nests of tapanuli orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis) in North Tapanuli. This research was primery forest Batang Toru National Park. This research using line transect method with 4 transects (transects I, II, III, IV) were used to observe the nest tree and the nest constituent of Tapanuli orangutan. This research results is there are 5 species of of constituents plant the nests with quantity 14 nests. The most dominant tree nest is Syzygium sp (43%), Plant constituent orangutan nests also use the leaves of the Shorea hopeifolia (94.1%), as well as branches of Palaquium gutta (6.6%).
Tree biodiversity in USU green space: Exotic plant and its risk to native species
Authors: Susilowati A , Rachmat H H , Rangkuti A B , Iswanto A H , Elfiati D , Rambey R , Ginting I M , Larekeng S H
Published: November 2021

Globally, urban ecosystems provide important green spaces for biodiversity conservation. Many exotic species are grown in tropical urban ecosystems, and their harmful effects on native species and pollinator communities have been widely documented. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to determine the origin (native or exotic to Indonesia, sexual and reproductive system) of tree species on the University of Sumatera’s (USU) campus. Field inventory methods were used in this study for observed tree species on the USU campus. All tree species were observed, their flowering observed if any. According to our research, the USU green area comprises a collection of 121 tree species. Seventy species (57.85 %) are native to Indonesia, while 51 species (42.15 %) are exotics from other tropical regions. In terms of individual abundance, these values are 37.28% native and 62.72% exotic. The exotic trees on the USU campus show monoecious and dioecious flower sexuality; 19 species are hermaphrodite, two species have self-incompatibility characters, seven species are dioecious, and 23 species are monoecious. Together with the results from the few other experimental studies, it concluded that the increase of exotic species plantation in USU campus might indicate risk for animal interactions (e.g., pollination; dispersal), threaten reproduction of native plant species, pollination specialization, habitat, and other life-history properties. Therefore, the use of these exotic species needs special attention for stakeholders at USU.
Germination speed and flowing age of corn with the utilization of organic materials fortuned Pleurotus ostreatus dry land
Authors: Syamsiar Z , Ambo A , Rismaneswati  , Iradhatullah R
Published: November 2021

Organic matter plays an effective role in restoring soil fertility. This indicator of soil fertility lies in the organic content of the soil. One of the organic materials that have been proven to improve land quality is biochar and chicken manure. In addition, the use of Pleurotus ostreatus can increase the hormone content in organic matter. The purpose of this study was to determine the speed of germination and flowering speed of maize (Zea mays) with the application of organic matter enriched with the fungus Pleurotus ostreatus. The study was structured using a Split Plot Design (RPT). The main plot is organic matter, and the subplot is the administration of Pleurotus ostreatus. The study consisted of 12 treatment combinations which were repeated 3 times to obtain 36 plots of observation units. The results showed that the application of treatment had a significant and very significant effect on the speed of germination and flowering speed of maize (Zea mays). The combination treatment of manure + biochar with 10% Pleurotus ostreatus gave the speed of germination on day 4.33 and flowering speed on day 47.33.
Review: Utilization of interspecific Acacia hybrid for pulp/paper industry and increasing of forest biodiversity
Authors: Sunarti S , Nirsatmanto A
Published: November 2021

Wood-based forestry industries are one of the strategic sectors in the development for providing a good impact in ecological and socio-economic in a country. Such an industry should have high productivity in order to ensure sustainable resources and an efficient manufacturing process. Based on this fact, tree breeding program is one of the good practices which could be done through the hybridization method to increase the uses from forest genetic resources. This paper presents a review on the basis of the utilization of inter-specific Acacia hybrids resulted from hybridization between two species of Acacia mangium and Acacia auriculiformis for supporting the pulp/paper industry and increasing the forest biodiversity in Indonesia. Improving some traits relevant to the industrial requirements is the main target in the development of Acacia hybrid. This involves fast growth, good wood properties, and tolerance to pests and diseases. The Acacia hybrids could provide some advantages in overcoming the current problems of the forest plantation and industry in which some of them could not be resolved by planting the pure species. In addition, the varies of the Acacia hybrid progenies could be used to increase forest biodiversity, which is important as a genetic base for further breeding purposes and challenges.
Differences in microhabitat and morphology of two sympatric congeneric species Palaquium maliliensis and Palaquium obovatum in the education forest of Hasanuddin University
Authors: Palgunadi M A , Oka N P , Achmad A
Published: November 2021

Two species of Palaquium (P. maliliensis and P. obovatum) were found coexist in same habitat in the educational forest of Hasanuddin University (Unhas). Two or more species are living in a habitat could be formed from similar parent through genetic isolation process without geographic isolation and was classified as sympatric congeneric species. So far, sympatric congeneric species is still controversial among researchers. Based on this case, the purpose of this study was to determine the microhabitat and morphological differences between the two species. The methods of the study were conducted by purposively selecting 21 samples of P. maliliensis and 20 samples of P. obovatum at the tree level. In each samples found, the microhabitat characteristics (topographic position and slope) and morphological characteristics (leaf, buttress root, and morphological in general) were observed. Morphological measurement data were analyzed with correlation test for intra-species variable and real difference test for inter-species variable. This study concluded that the slope was one of the major microhabitat factors that has driven the process of sympatric speciation between P. maliliensis and P. obovatum. In morphological characteristics, differences between P. maliliensis and P. obovatum appeared in the form of leaves.
Comparison of carcass and non-carcass characteristics of Local and Pekin ducks
Authors: Bugiwati S R A , Dagong M I A , Rahim L
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study was to evaluate carcass and non-carcass characteristics of local ducks. The research material was carcasses of five local male ducks aged 24 weeks (relative weight of about 1220 g) and five male Pekin ducks of 9 weeks of age (relative weight of about 1440 g) which were kept in the duck cage at the laboratory of Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia using intensive housing systems and commercial feed. The research method was all ducks were fasted and rested for 8 hours, slaughtered, carcasses, and parameters analyzed. Parameters measured were weight and percentage of carcass traits (wings, dorsal, thighs, breast, and neck), weight and percentage of non-carcass traits (head, shank, kidney, heart, trachea, esophagus, gizzard, liver, intestine, feathers), three types of weight (live weight, slaughter weight, and carcass weight), percentage of the total carcass, and meat bone ratio (thigh and breast). The results showed that there were no significant differences in all carcass and non-carcass parameters between local ducks and Pekin ducks except for non-carcass parameters, namely head, gizzard, shank, intestine, heart, and trachea. At different ages, Pekin ducks and local ducks showed similar carcass characteristics. These results show that the growth rate of Pekin ducks is faster than that of local ducks. These results become one of the bases and references that local ducks still need a breeding program for improving carcass growth to reach optimum carcass characteristics.
The morphological character variation analysis of Schizostachyum lima (Blanco) Merr in Central Lombok Regency
Authors: Aryanti Evy , Indriyani Serafinah , Arisoesilaningsih Endang , Azrianingsih Rodiyati
Published: November 2021

The small diameter size with thin wall thickness is the unique character of S. lima, so it is appropriate to be used as raw material for environmentally friendly bamboo straws. This environmentally friendly bamboo straw has become one of the mainstay export commodities from Lombok Island. This research aimed at determining the diversity of S.lima in Central Lombok Regency through morphological characteristics and analyzing the phenetic relationship. The research was conducted from November 2020 to June 2021 in Central Lombok Regency. Determination of sampling locations based on literature and the community, especially bamboo craftsmen and S.lima collectors. There are 45 phenetic characters used in this research, consisting of qualitative data and quantitative data. Data analysis was used the NTSYS PC version 2.11a to analyze phenetic relationships. The phenogram was analyzed and subsequently used to develop descriptions of each S.lima which was found in the Central Lombok Regency. As a result, most of S.lima was found growing in community plantations with variations in the soil texture. The results of the cluster analysis resulted in 2 large groups, the first group consisting of 21 locations S.lima was found, and the second group only consisted of 1 location, namely Lantan. The level of similarity between the first group and the second group 2 was only 40%. Another group consisting of 21 locations showed a varying degree of similarity from one location to another (52%-93%). There are 6 locations that have the highest level of similarity (93%), namely, between Jurit and Presak bat, Bebante with Mekar Damai and Montong Terep, and Gunung Ise. The results of this study indicate that S.lima found in all locations in Central Lombok did not show significant variation when the growth factor was optimal. Further research by molecular approach is needed to determine the genetic variation of S. lima in Central Lombok Regency.
The taxonomy, ecology, leaf anatomy and utilization of Freycinetia macrostachya, Pandanaceae in New Guinea
Authors: Sinaga Nurhaidah Iriany , Sarungallo Zita Letviany , Susanti Cicilia M E , Irbayati Diana
Published: November 2021

Freycinetia macrostachya is a Pandanaceae species that was first published by Martelli in 1910. The species occur majority on Coastal Forest in both northern and southern bird’s head Papua until East New Guinea. Many species of Freycinetia have only narrowest distribution and become dying on the open area, It is different to F. macrostachya. This species has ability to live both on primary and secondary forest. Purposed of the study were to obtain delimitation of species concepts, to know the phylogenetic classification of the species and relationship among other New Guinea Freycinetia species, to understanding more about ecological aspect and the ability to live on the extreme habitat, and to know about nutrient contain for developing food product from the species. Method of the study is descriptive method with revision of taxonomy as a step working and phylogenetic analysis using PAUP program with Sararanga as an out group, survey as a research technique to ecological study and it was followed by collected some specimen for anatomy leaf study. Analysis of nutrient content of F. macrostachya bracts, i.e. moisture content, ash, crude fat (soxhlet extraction), and protein (micro kjeldahl), while carbohydrates was determined using by difference method. The result showed that the species has three layers of epidermis tissue compare to other species like F. javanica that only has one layer. This is why the species could be living on the open forest. New Guinea Freycinetia have 4 groups below the genus, the first group name F. macrostachya are belonging to the imbricate leave species, now have about 40 species and the group name was given because of F. macrostachya is an older name of all species in the group. Phylogenetic analysis trees showed that this species become an old species among all New Guinea Freycinetia species. Analysis proximate of bracts show that the carbohydrate inside is about 77 %, it is meaning that we can make many food products from bracts.
Agrobiodiversity of using refugia plants towards several plant gardens at Tulung Rejo, East Java
Authors: Hardiansyah Muhammad Yusril , Hartini  , Musa Yunus
Published: November 2021

A study and identificiation on agrobiodiversity of refugia plant as alternative solution by farmers towards their several plant gardens to repel pest was conducted at Tulung Rejo, East Java, Indonesia in March 2021. Refugia plants are biodiversity plants that grow around cultivated plants, which have the potential as a place of protection and a source of food for natural enemy insects (both predators and parasitoids). The principle of refugia pants is that these plants can attract and become a place of life and a source of life for insects, natural enemies of pests. the reseach was using a survey method with interview with farmers who have a land and using refugia plant as a natural pesticides to repel pests of their plants. besides, this research was also using a physical indentification of several refugia plants. Among several locations in Tulung Rejo, the results show that on average farmers use refugia plants of the type of kenikir flower Cosmos caudatus. This has evident because from 20 garden locations, 18 of them use Cosmos caudatus. The needs of farmers in Tulung Rejo, East Java to repel pests naturally.
Threats to the sustainability of biodiversity in Indonesia by the utilization of forest areas for national strategic projects: A normative review
Authors: Maskun  , Assidiq Hasbi , Mukarramah Nurul Habaib Al , Bachril Siti Nurhaliza
Published: November 2021

Strategic geographical conditions have made Indonesia becomes the country with the second highest level of biodiversity in the world and is in the ranks of 17 mega biodiversity countries. Forest ecosystems are home to a large number of these biodiversity species, and therefore, the existence of forests is the key to their sustainability. Although supported by the availability and potential of massive forest resources, Indonesia is not necessarily exempt from the threat of biodiversity degradation. Indonesia ranks first as the country with the highest number of endangered species in Southeast and South Asia. Habitat degradation and fragmentation are suspected to be the main factors causing the extinction of various species of biodiversity in Indonesia. For this reason, legal protection that ensures the viability of biodiversity species and their habitats is indispensable. Unfortunately, the direction of development policy in Indonesia seems to show a step backwards towards these protection efforts, one of which is through the legalization of forest areas utilization for several development activities designated as National Strategic Projects. This study aims to normatively analyze the impact of the legalization of forest areas utilization for National Strategic Projects. The main findings indicate several legal issues and various potential threats to the sustainability of biodiversity, especially in relation to forest governance.
Protection of biodiversity in concession of sustainable palm oil
Authors: Naswar  , Maskun  , Achmad  , Assidiq Hasbi , Bachril Siti Nurhaliza , Mukaramah Nurul Habaib Al
Published: November 2021

The increasing population growth is in line with the increasing world demand for vegetable oil. In 2050, the world population is projected to reach 9.8 billion people. With this population, the world’s vegetable oil needs reach 310 million tons. Total vegetable oil production in 2018 was only 200.8 million tons. The oil crops biologically have a potential to produce vegetable oil much more than with other plants in the same area of land. It means that it is economically more efficient than others. However, an unavoidable fact is that the expansion of oil palm plantations in Indonesia has encroached on forest areas, destroying biodiversity, and threatening environmental sustainability. Of the 9.1 million hectares of deforestation occurred in 2001 to 2016, 2.1 million hectares or 23% of the national deforestation turned to oil palm. In addition, of the 16.8 million hectares of Indonesian palm oil cover, 3.4 million hectares or 20.2% of oil palms are in forest areas. This article aims to diagnose the norms of biodiversity protection with the approach of protecting high conservation value areas and high carbon stocks in oil palm plantation concessions. Normatively referring to the concept of sustainable palm oil plantations, companies are obliged to protect areas that have high biodiversity values and high carbon stocks in their concession areas and are prohibited from being converted. This norm is very important to protect biodiversity in oil palm concessions. Unfortunately, Indonesia’s positive law does not yet have an optimal legal framework to protect this area, so it is necessary to strengthen specific norms and policies to protect biodiversity in sustainable palm oil plantation concessions.
Potential analysis of palm sugar industry development in Lombo Village, Sidrap District
Authors: Fitriwati  , Syahidah  , Makkarennu  , Syahid M , Syahwiah A
Published: November 2021

Palm sugar is one of the primary commodities in agribusiness sector, that have a huge potential to be developed into an industry. The palm sugar industry has an important role in employment, income distribution, and improving the welfare of local communities. The problem in this research is how to develop the potential of small palm sugar industry in Lombo Village, Sidrap Districts. The purpose of this study is to identify external and internal factors, 2. Formulate the palm sugar industry development strategy. The method used in this research is descriptive with a qualitative approach. The sampling method in this study used the accidental sampling method with a selected sample of 15 respondents. Data analysis was performed using SWOT matrix analysis. The conclusions obtained are based on matrix analysis of Internal Strategic Factors (IFAS) 2.9 and External Strategic Factors (EFAS) 2.4. This shows that the palm sugar industry in Lombo Village, Sidrap Districts has strengths that can be maintained or improved and have opportunities that can be developed. The development strategy that can be carried out is a strategy that supports aggressive growth. The advice given is to maintain the characteristic taste of the product and improve product quality by creating innovations in product packaging, diversifying product types so that they have high added value.
The level of damage and estimation of rehabilitation value in the Lantebung Mangrove Ecotourism, Makassar City
Authors: Hasanuddin  , Sribianti Irma , Daud M , Saharuddin
Published: November 2021

This study aims to determine the level of damage and estimation of rehabilitation value in the Lantebung Mangrove Ecotourism, Makassar City. The sampling technique was carried out using a survey technique with a purposive sampling method. The size of the plots made is 20 m x 50 m with a total of 8 plots. The level of mangrove damage is determined based on land cover and vegetation density. Estimating the value of ecotourism rehabilitation is based on the Regulation of the Director-General of Natural Resources and Ecosystem Conservation P.8/KSDAE/SET/REN.2/10/2017 concerning Standards for Activities and Costs for Conservation of Natural Resources and Ecosystems. The results showed that there were two types of mangrove species, namely Rhizophora mucronate and Avicennia alba. Lantebung Mangrove Ecotourism has a vegetation cover of 82% with a vegetation density of 1,760 individuals/ha, so that the level of damage to mangroves is in a good category. In general, damage to Lantebung Mangrove Ecotourism is caused by converting mangrove forests into fishponds and settlements. The total cost of mangrove forest rehabilitation is IDR. 350,220,000
Improving the growth of cempaka (Elmerillia ovalis) seedlings to accelerate ex situ plantation
Authors: Prameswari Diana , Widyati Enny , Andadari Lincah
Published: November 2021

Cempaka tree (Elmerillia ovalis), best known as a multipurpose tree species, is mostly used for the building of luxurious traditional houses of the Toraja and Minahasa Tribe as well as for religious sculptures. Due to the specific qualifications, the cempaka wood demands gradually increase, while the populations in nature drastically decrease. On the other hand, early seedling growth encounters many obstacles such as recalcitrant seeds, slow growth, and sensitivity to leaf disease. This study aimed to improve the quality of the seedling prepared for a higher survival rate when planted in the field. This research was conducted at the nursery of the Bogor Forest Research and Development Centre, Indonesia. The factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, consisting of two factors: wood vinegar as a growth stimulant and media composition, in three replications. The stimulant factor consisted of two levels: the addition of wood vinegar (1.5 %) and (control), and the media composition factor consisted of four levels: (a) soil 100%, (b) soil: cocopeat rice husks (6: 3: 1), (c) soil: rice husks (1:1), and (d) soil: manure (2:1). The observed parameters were seedling height, diameter, root/shoot ratio, seedling quality index (SQI). The best growth of cempaka seedlings resulted in treatments of wood vinegar in combination with soil media mixed with manure. Seedlings in this treatment height 58.93 cm, 6.8 mm diameter, S/R ratio 3.61, and 1.26 SQI, respectively, better than the others. The best treatment also gives the 12 months seedlings absence of leaf disease.
Economic valuation of mangrove ecosystem environmental services based on green economy
Authors: Sribianti Irma , Muthmainnah  , Hikmah  , Kiswandi
Published: November 2021

One of the important agendas in current development is promoting mangrove forests as one of the green economic assets in Indonesia. The green economy concept emphasizes improving people’s welfare but reducing the risk of environmental damage and scarcity of ecological functions. One approach that can be used to maintain economic activity and preserve the environment is the economic valuation approach. Therefore, this study aims to measure the value of the economic benefits of mangrove ecosystem services as one of the concepts of the green economy as an effort to support government programs to realize the mangrove ecosystem as a green economic asset in Indonesia. The economic valuation method used to calculate the mangrove ecosystem’s environmental services in Takalar Lama Village, Mappakasunggu District, Takalar Regency. The value of mangrove ecosystem environmental services calculated in this study is the value of abrasion resistance, the importance of preventing seawater intrusion, the value of crab feed providers, the value of carbon sequestration, the value of oxygen production, and the value of maintaining biodiversity. The results revealed that the value of the benefits of mangrove forest environmental services as a barrier to abrasion was IDR 32,457,189/ha/year or IDR 973,715,670/year, the value to prevent seawater intrusion was IDR 3,394.445,688/ha/year or IDR 101,833,370,640/year, the value of benefits as a provider of crab feed is IDR 544,320,000/ha/year or IDR 16,329,600,000/year, the annual carbon sequestration value is IDR 198,300.07/ha/year or IDR 5,949,002.1/year, the value of oxygen production is IDR 2,011,590/ha/year or IDR 60,347,700/year, and the value of biodiversity is IDR 637,376/ha/year or IDR 19,121,280/year so that the total value of environmental services for mangrove ecosystems based on green economics is IDR 3,974,070,143.1/ha/year (275,052.13 USD/ha/year) or IDR 119.222.104.292,1/year (8,250,663 USD/year).
Test of Samosir local varieties of shallots with gamma-ray radiation on changes morphology characters, physiology and production
Authors: Jabat Yelfi Yana Linda Br , Rosmayati  , Ginting Jonathan
Published: November 2021

Shallots are one of the vegetable commodities that are in demand by the public, but their production does not meet market demand. One of the reasons is the difficulty of suitable seeds for the area. This condition can be overcome by obtaining superior seeds in the Samosir area through irradiation on shallot bulbs. The research objectives were to produce high production, and to identify changes in the morphological and physiological characters of the local Samosir variety shallots. Treatments were arranged in a non-factorial Randomized Block Design. Shallots bulbs were irradiated with several doses of gamma-ray irradiation (0, 1, and 2Gy) using a Co 60irradiation sources. The results showed that there were morphological and physiological differences between the irradiation treatments. The number of leaves with the highest value at 2 Gy 20.147 g and the lowest at 18.894 g control. The heaviest wet weight in the control was 20.355 g and the lowest was at 2 Gy 18.45 g. At 1 Gy and 2 Gy can significantly increase the content of chlorophyll-a 2 Gy 2.484, chlorophyll-b 2 Gy 1.579, and total chlorophyll-(a+b) 2 Gy 4.056. This proves that the dose of gamma-ray radiation affects the morphological and physiological characters of shallots.
Land suitability assesment for Coffea arabica on the land overgrowed by Uncaria gambir
Authors: Rahmawaty  , Ginting Y A , Batubara R , Carenina G , Ginting C F , Ginting R K , Angelita L , Rauf A
Published: November 2021

Aornakan I and Kuta Tinggi villages are villages located in Pak-pak Bharat Regency, North Sumatra Province. Currently, the villagers are planting Uncaria gambir and Coffea arabica. This study aimed to evaluate land for cofffe plantations on land overgrown with gambier in Pak-pak Bharat Regency. Sampling was carried out purposively on land overgrown with gambier plants in Aornakan I Village, Pargetteng-getteng Sengkut Sub-district and Kuta Tinggi Village, Salak Sub-district, Pakpak Bharat Regency. The evaluation of land suitability for coffee uses the matching method, namely by analysing laboratory data and data measured in the field with the characteristics of the land for cofffe. The results showed that the land evaluation for Coffea arabica was marginally suitable (S3) with the limiting factor was the root zone media (rc) in terms of soil texture.
Biodiversity of Trichoderma antagonist saprophytic fungi and its use for biocontrol of Fusarium wilt disease on shallots at Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Authors: Sudantha I M , Suwardji S
Published: November 2021

One of the obstacles in the development of shallots in West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) is the presence of Fusarium wilt disease. The use of antagonistic saprophytic fungi Trichoderma spp. is a biological control technique. The aim of this research is to explore the biodiversity of Trichoderma spp. and its use for controlling Fusarium wilt disease. Research using exploratory methods conducted at the shallot planting center on Lombok Island included isolation of antagonistic saprophytic fungi, purification and identification of isolates. Furthermore, research was carried out in the laboratory using experimental methods including in-vitro antagonism tests by direct opposition and culture steam. The research was continued in Greenhouses in planta and in field conditions in the Highlands of Sembalun Village, Medium Plains of Santong Village and Senteluk Village Lowlands. The results concluded that: there were 6 isolates of saprophytic fungi that were antagonistic, namely T. viride, T. longibrachiatum, T. koningii, T. piluliferum, T. harzianum, and T. hamatum. The mechanism of antagonism is physically through space competition, mycoparasites and antibiosis. Three isolates, namely T. virede, T. harzianum and T. hamatum, were effective in suppressing Fusarium wilt disease and even causing immunity.
Analysing the rate of mangrove forest conversion in South Konawe, Southeast Sulawesi
Authors: Yusuf Dewi Nurhayati , Prasetyo LB , Kusmana C , Machfud  , Ritabulan
Published: November 2021

The degradation of mangrove forests in the Konawe Selatan District has been very rapid over the past three decades. Increases in population growth in coastal areas have been associated with rapid development, including the need for land for housing and livelihood. This development has led to land conversion from mangrove forests to other uses. The aim of the research was to identify the pattern of spatial change of mangrove forests in South Konawe using a geospatial approach from 1984 to 2014. Landuse classification was generated through the processing of Landsat satellite imagery in multiple time series. The research showed that that between 1984 and 1993 in South Konawe District about 9.9% of mangrove forest was converted into open land, 2.3% into aquaculture ponds, and 0.4% into settlements. From 1993 to 2003, the rate of conversion increased rapidly as 13.8% of the remaining mangrove forest was cleared for aquaculture ponds and 1.5% into a settlement. Over the past three decades, 39.9% of mangrove forest in the district has been converted to other uses, and some of this conversion has occurred in protected areas. It’s recommended that the stronger enforcement of regulations pertaining to the protection of mangrove forests in South Konawe.
The management pattern and potential wood of community forest in Parakan Muncang Village, Naggung District, Bogor Regency
Authors: Meiganati Kustin Bintani , Ningsih Budi Setya , Lidiawati Ina
Published: November 2021

Community Forest is an alternative to meet the needs of industrial wood raw materials and plays a role in increasing income and welfare of farmer households. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential for stands of community forests and the community forest management patterns applied by forest farmers. The research location is in Parakan Muncang Village, Nanggung District, Bogor Regency. Sampling of respondents using the census method. The data collection method used was a field survey approach and interviews using a questionnaire. The potential for community forest stands in Parakan Muncang Village is 543.75 m3, while the potential per hectare is 32.478 m3. The highest potential is Sengon wood by 51.95%, Teak by 16,16% and Puspa by 9.89%. The pattern of community forest management that is applied is 12.5% of the respondents use the pure community forest pattern (monoculture) and 87.5% use the agroforestry pattern. The cropping pattern in agroforestry forests uses a border tree planting, where wood plants are planted around agricultural crops using a random/irregular cropping pattern.
Nematodes in fish of genus Cottocomephorus (Cottidae)
Authors: Baldanova D R , Khamnuyeva T R , Rinchinov Z A
Published: November 2021

The data on the morphology and relative abundance of nematodes in bottom-pelagic cottidsCottocomephorus grewingkiandC. inermismet in Lake Baikal are presented. Three species of nematodes (Comephoronema werestschagini, Ichtiobronema hamulatum, Contracaecum osculatum baicalensis) were found. The differences in cottids invasion with nematodes are shown.