bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Suporte organizacional, capital social e atitudes inovadoras: Um estudo correlacional em trabalhadores na cidade de Natal-RN
Authors: Formiga Nilton S. , Fernandes Antonio Jorge , Freire Bruna G. O. , Franco Juliana Bianca Maia , Oliveira Heitor César Costa , Prochazka Gleyssielle Lira , Valin Cristienne Gonçalves Pereira , Grangeiro Sara Ruth Araújo , Estevam Ionara Dantas
Published: March 2021

A busca por atitudes inovadoras, assim como o incentivo para o desenvolvimento das relações sociais no ambiente de trabalho, vem sendo considerada variáveis mediadoras do sucesso organizacional. Com isso, ações de reconhecimento e valorização acerca das práticas profissionais tem se tornado prática constante no ambiente corporativo, no entanto tem surgido dúvidas sobre os benefícios e reais contribuições para o bem-estar físico e psicológico dos profissionais. Dessa forma, a presente pesquisa tem por objetivo verificar a influência do suporte organizacional sobre o capital social e as atitudes inovadoras dos trabalhadores que atuam em organizações públicas e privadas. Por meio dos instrumentos de pesquisa propostos por Siqueira (1995), Nahapiet e Ghoshal (1998), Fandiño, Formiga e Menezes (2018) sobre suporte organizacional, capital social e atitudes inovadoras, a pesquisa foi aplicada por meio de questionários eletrônicos a 412 trabalhadores brasileiros que atuam em organizações públicas e privadas. O tratamento dos dados ocorreu por meio de análises de discriminação dos itens, representatividade de conteúdo, análise exploratória e confirmatória das medidas em questão. Para isso foram utilizados os softwares SPSS (versão 21.0) para análise dos dados e observou-se que o desenvolvimento de atitudes inovadoras não ocorre de forma única, mas, tem a empresa que oferece suporte, tornando claro a implementação de vínculos entre os profissionais da organização, a construção dos tipos de relacionamentos e a percepção dos trabalhadores acerca da importância dessa interação, conexão, e compartilhamento de experiência.
Atenção domiciliar: Desafios para a promoção da saúde de idosos
Authors: Coutinho Késia Larissa Brito , Teixeira Francisco Bruno
Published: March 2021

O presente artigo tem por objetivo identificar a importância da Atenção Domiciliar (AD), juntamente com os desafios dessa modalidade terapêutica na promoção da saúde de pessoas idosas. A metodologia constituiu-se de uma revisão de literatura na modalidade narrativa, que apresenta um caráter descritivo-discursivo. Utilizou-se como fonte de pesquisa as bases de dados BVS, SciELO e LILACS. A ocorrência de atendimento domiciliar é maior em mulheres, idosas, com doenças crônicas (como hipertensão, diabetes) associadas a comorbidades e histórico de quedas e hospitalização. Os resultados apontam para uma necessidade de mudança do modelo institucionalizado de saúde, redução dos custos hospitalares e uma necessidade do cuidado centrado no paciente e em sua relação com o próprio espaço de convivência através da AD. Concomitante a isso,  resultados consignam a necessidade de enfrentamento dos desafios que ela traz como o desgaste incessante do cuidador, o qual tem poucas informações e orientação de como cuidar, além das próprias dificuldades e barreiras do território do idoso, dificultando o cuidado e tornando o quadro epidemiológico mais complexo. Conclui-se a necessidade de aprofundamento de discussão de várias questões que abrangem o AD, e a importância de reestruturação do acesso com ênfase na integralidade da saúde do idoso e nos atores importantes nesse processo: o cuidador, a família e a equipe de saúde.
Efeitos do ciclone Idai na produção, disponibilidade e acesso aos alimentos no distrito de Sussundenga em Moçambique
Authors: Buanango Maitu Abibo , Chume Pedro Fernando Chimela , Oliveira Maria Rita Marques de
Published: March 2021

O manuscrito versa sobre os efeitos do Ciclone Idai sobre a diversidade dietética, no distrito de Sussundenga em Moçambique. Considerando que tem sido apontado como o celeiro da província, supõe-se que exista diversidade dietética, Questiona-se por que é que há desnutrição infantil quando supostamente existe diversidade de alimentos, e de forma particular, como é que o ciclone Idai pode ter contribuído para o agravamento. Objetivou-se analisar os efeitos do Ciclone na diversidade dietética, com recurso à observação não participante e anotação em diário de campo, Questionário de Diversidade Dietética e um roteiro de entrevistas. Envolveu 131 mães de escolares, quatro líderes comunitários e um representante do setor de Agricultura. Decorreu entre setembro de 2018 e outubro de 2019. Constatou-se que, seus efeitos sobre a produção, disponibilidade e acesso ao alimento, pois as diferenças das médias foram significativas, podendo ter contribuído para a ampliação das dificuldades para uma dieta diversificada, o que pode ter resultado na elevação das taxas de desnutrição infantil. O ciclone afetou a dieta das famílias. É importante que se priorize a agricultura e criação de animais pecuários para o consumo alimentar, melhorando a diversidade de alimentos, em especial a fonte proteica, para a prevenção da desnutrição infantil.
Abordagem da educação alimentar em livros didáticos de ciências do oitavo ano do Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Lee Lundoi Tobias , Francisco Fernanda Rodrigues , Ferreira Carolina França , Medeiros Thiago de Ávila
Published: March 2021

A alimentação saudável é responsável em nos proporcionar saúde e boa qualidade de vida. Por outro lado, existem inúmeras doenças associadas a má alimentação e os índices são alarmantes, além da questão da obesidade que representa uma grande preocupação entre os adultos e cada vez mais é mais frequente em crianças. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a abordagem da educação alimentar em livros didáticos de ciências do oitavo ano do Ensino Fundamental, de escolas do município de Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. O estudo se desenvolveu a partir da análise do conteúdo desses livros por meio de um questionário elaborado pelos autores. Após análise qualitativa dos dados, evidenciou-se que os livros em questão abordam grande parte dos conteúdos propostos, porém, não foi possível apontar o melhor ou mais completo. Todavia, por se tratar de autores diferentes abordando o mesmo assunto, alguns temas são mais bem enfatizados em determinados livros e menos em outros.
Growth of leopard flower (Belamcanda chinensis) with humics acids in nursery garden
Authors: Silva Libério Junio da , Lozada Jorge Rodriguez , Silveira Klever Cristiano , Sander Nilo Leal , Leite Fernanda Figueiredo Granja Dorilêo , Baldotto Marihus Altoé , Baldotto Lílian Estrela Borges
Published: March 2021

Humic acids constitute a fraction of organic matter that either has direct effects on the growth and development of ornamental plants. The present study aimed to evaluate the differential growth of the leopard flower (Belamcanda chinensis) from the application of humic acids extracted from poultry litter (HAPL) and bovine manure (HABM) during the nursery garden phase. The seeds were immersed in solutions of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mmol L-1 of C in HAPL and in the same way for HABM. After 150 days, the plants were collected and measured the number of leaves, plant height, fresh matter of the aerial part, dry matter of the root, total fresh matter, and dry matter of the aerial part, dry matter of the root and total dry matter. The use of the correct concentration of humic acids stimulates the growth and accumulation of total dry material in the leopard plant in the order of 33% to 58% for HAPL and HABM respectively.
Mapa conceitual no ensino presencial ao remoto durante a pandemia do coronavírus: relato de experiência
Authors: Góis Amanda Regina da Silva , Góis Camila Gabriela da Silva , Barbosa Paulo Filipe Cândido
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: relatar a experiência da criação de mapa conceitual no ensino presencial ao remoto durante a pandemia do coronavírus. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo descritivo-explicativo do tipo relato de experiência. Resultados: Tanto no ensino presencial quanto no virtual os alunos demonstraram total interesse e disponibilidade de participar das atividades propostas. Na primeira turma realizada de forma presencial os alunos puderam ampliar seus conhecimentos e integração utilizando ferramentas diversas, estimulando o uso da criatividade através da aplicação de recursos como canetas, tintas, lápis coloridos, promovendo a interação dos alunos que ao final podiam compartilhar seus trabalhos e realizar uma autoavaliação. Nas aulas remotas utilizou-se plataformas virtuais para a realização da atividade. Divididos em grupos os alunos, mesmo de forma remota, puderam exercer o diálogo e integração. Desta maneira, percebeu-se que o uso de mapas conceituais junto com a prática de uma aprendizagem ativa se torna positivo, tanto no ambiente remoto quanto presencial, auxiliando na compreensão de conceitos. Conclusão: o uso do mapa conceitual em conjunto com a aprendizagem ativa auxilia no desenvolvimento de um ambiente educacional, tanto presencial quanto virtual, prazeroso, capaz de promover integração, pensamento crítico e autonomia entre os alunos.
Exposição ocupacional aos agrotóxicos da classe dos fungicidas em uma população de viticultores
Authors: Lini Renata Sano , Oliveira Nadya Garcia de , Nery Bruna Giovana , Aguera Raul Gomes , Silva Lais Fernanda Ferreira da , Nerilo Samuel Botião , Capelari Sílvia , Oliveira Magda Lúcia Félix de , Mossini Simone Aparecida Galerani
Published: March 2021

A exposição crônica aos agrotóxicos pode levar ao desenvolvimento de doenças, e a escassez de informações sobre manifestações clínicas na exposição a longo prazo é uma preocupação atual. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o uso crônico de agrotóxicos da classe dos fungicidas por viticultores de um município do Paraná, região sul do Brasil. Foram entrevistados 192 agricultores familiares, que residiam em 66 propriedades, com instrumentos desenvolvidos segundo o protocolo de avaliação das intoxicações crônicas por agrotóxicos da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde do Paraná. Entre os participantes, 45,8% trabalhava há mais de 20 anos na viticultura, utilizando continuamente os fungicidas e apenas 6,8% relatou uso de todos os equipamentos de proteção recomendados para a aplicação dos agrotóxicos. Foram relatados sintomas como irritação cutânea pruriginosa (20,5%) e tremores (12,1%) que podem estar associados a exposição crônica aos fungicidas ditiocarbamatos. A população agricultora familiar carece de assistência à saúde, fato relatado também pela população estudada, evidenciando falhas no serviço de atenção e a necessidade de novas estratégias e tecnologias de acesso a esse grupo.
Avaliação do desempenho de acadêmicos de odontologia no ensino superior sob metodologia ativa: percepções e vivências
Authors: Santos Francisca Alana de Lima , Pita Neto Ivo Cavalcante
Published: March 2021

A capacidade de adquirir conhecimento e habilidades no meio acadêmico é multifatorial, perpassando pela qualidade de ensino até empenho do acadêmico dentre outros indicadores, como aspectos sociais, familiares, institucionais e pedagógicos, que impactam diretamente no desempenho desse acadêmico em avaliações. Sabendo disso, a avaliação do desempenho acadêmico (ADA) é necessária para haja a compreensão se houve sedimentação do aprendizado e a percepção de qual processo avaliativo desenvolve melhor rendimento para os estudantes e como estes lidam com esse momento. Portanto, essa pesquisa objetivou apontar as percepções e vivências de acadêmicos do ensino superior em avaliação sob metodologia ativa e seu desempenho. Tratou-se de um estudo transversal e retrospectivo, com abordagem qualitativa desenvolvida através de formulário eletrônico, com 71 acadêmicos do curso de odontologia de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior, através de questões que abordavam os sintomas/sensações antes, durante e após a avaliação, e permitiam que estes escrevessem relatos dos pontos importantes da vivência. Ao analisar os sintomas/sensações relatados antes, durante e após a aplicação da metodologia ativa percebeu-se predominância das sensações de medo e palpitação antes da avaliação e, relaxamento e alívio após. Quanto aos fatores precipitantes de sintomas/sensações que interferiram no desempenho dos acadêmicos na avaliação sob metodologia ativa, a abordagem em aula do professor da disciplina, assim como os relatos de alunos que já haviam passado pela experiencia, estimularam o desenvolvimento de ansiedade e estresse. Já o preparo prévio e o formato avaliativo estimularam a tranquilidade e confiança. Conclui-se que a avaliação dos acadêmicos sob metodologia ativa pode trazer vivências positivas e conflitantes a este, contudo, a forma como o discente encara o processo interfere diretamente no seu desempenho.
Robótica na cirurgia odontológica: Revisão integrativa
Authors: Queiroga Isis Samara de Melo , Falcão Maria Clara de Aquino Veras , Alves-Silva Esdras Gabriel , Melo Eloiza Leonardo de , Gerbi Marleny Elizabeth Márquez de Martínez , Bispo Mávio Eduardo Azevedo , Sá Renata Araújo Gomes de , Menezes Maria Regina Almeida de
Published: March 2021

Os robôs são uma inovação tecnológica adaptada para utilização em procedimentos cirúrgicos dos mais variados âmbitos, auxiliando o profissional de saúde no cumprimento de seu papel. Quando associados à odontologia, tem-se aplicabilidade em diversas áreas como a oncologia e implantodontia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão integrativa da literatura atual sobre procedimentos cirúrgicos robotizados na odontologia, destacando suas técnicas, indicações, vantagens e desvantagens. Foi feita uma pesquisa dos artigos nas bases de dados eletrônicas CAPES, PubMed e MEDLINE, utilizando os descritores: “Robotic Surgical” “Procedures”, “Dentistry”, “Oral Surgery”, indexados no período de 2015 a 2020, que tratavam de relatos de caso, revisões de literatura, estudos in vivo que relatam a utilização de robôs em procedimentos cirúrgicos odontológicos, estudos de viabilidade e ensaios clínicos. Após os critérios de elegibilidade, foram analisados 18 artigos integralmente publicados em língua inglesa. Os estudos mostraram que a utilização de robôs na cirurgia odontológica traz mais precisão ao procedimento, diminuindo a perda de tecido, reduzindo a possibilidade de hemorragia, reduzindo possíveis cicatrizes resquiciais, e pós-cirúrgico. A cirurgia robótica em diversos âmbitos da odontologia já demonstrou alta confiabilidade permitindo desde melhor precisão até maior assertividade, além de proporcionar um acesso cirúrgico menos invasivo com dano tecidual adjacente à área de atuação relativamente menor, otimizando o procedimento cirúrgico.
Sífilis gestacional na Cidade do Recife: uma análise dos casos no Distrito Sanitário
Authors: Ribeiro Marcella Dantas , Lamb Paolo Porciuncula , Lima Mariana Nathália Gomes de , Roges Andréa Loureiro
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os casos notificados de sífilis gestacional no Distrito Sanitário VII da cidade do Recife, Brasil. Método: Trata-se de um estudo documental, do tipo exploratório-descritivo, realizado através das fichas de notificação dos casos de sífilis gestacional, ocorridos no período entre janeiro de 2014 e dezembro de 2018, analisados a partir de estatística descritiva. Resultados: Foram identificados 247 casos durante o período de análise, com crescente aumento no ano de 2018. As mulheres tinham entre 20 e 24 anos de idade, tinham baixa escolaridade, eram pardas e tiveram diagnóstico no segundo e terceiro trimestre de gestação. Não houve diferenças significativas no perfil das gestantes ao longo dos anos. Conclusão: O crescente aumento dos casos mostrou uma fragilidade dos serviços de saúde durante o processo, demonstrando a necessidade do estímulo à notificação e preenchimento correto das fichas. Sendo assim, ressaltamos a importância da educação em saúde, com vistas a esclarecer os principais pontos relativos à doença, se utilizando de uma linguagem de fácil compreensão pela população.
Using machine learning to link spatiotemporal information to biological processes in the ocean: a case study for North Sea cod recruitment
Authors: Kühn B , Taylor MH , Kempf A
Published: March 2021

Marine organisms are subject to environmental variability on various temporal and spatial scales, which affect processes related to growth and mortality of different life stages. Marine scientists are often faced with the challenge of identifying environmental variables that best explain these processes, which, given the complexity of the interactions, can be like searching for a needle in the proverbial haystack. Even after initial hypothesis-based variable selection, a large number of potential candidate variables can remain if different lagged and seasonal influences are considered. To tackle this problem, we propose a machine learning framework that incorporates important steps in model building, ranging from environmental signal extraction to automated variable selection and model validation. Its modular structure allows for the inclusion of both parametric and machine learning models, like random forest. Unsupervised feature extractions via empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) or self-organising maps (SOMs) are demonstrated as a way to summarize spatiotemporal fields for inclusion in predictive models. The proposed framework offers a robust way to reduce model complexity through a multi-objective genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) combined with rigorous cross-validation. We applied the framework to recruitment of the North Sea cod stock and investigated the effects of sea surface temperature (SST), salinity and currents on the stock via a modified version of random forest. The best model (5-fold CV r2 = 0.69) incorporated spawning stock biomass and EOF-derived time series of SST and salinity anomalies acting through different seasons, likely relating to differing environmental effects on specific life-history stages during the recruitment year.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE DE LEGE LATA LEGISLATION ON ALTERNATIVE PUNISHMENTS IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC IN COMPARISON WITH GERMANY
Authors: Tóthová Veronika , Sisák Ľuboslav
Published: March 2021

This paper concentrates on the comparation of the Slovak de lege lata legislation on alternative punishments with the legislation in Germany. From among alternative sentences the authors chose the sentence of house arrest and the sentence of community service. The authors focus on a brief historical development of the legal regulation of these alternative punishments, the reason for their introduction into the legal order of individual countries, how they have changed over time and what their current state is. In order to evaluate the legislation of alternative punishments in the chosen countries, the authors use the comparative method and formulate de lege ferenda proposals which can be found at the end of the article.
Knowledge and healthcare-seeking behavior of family caregivers of children with pneumonia: A qualitative study in an urban community in Indonesia
Authors: Purwati Nyimas Heny , Rustina Yeni , Supriyatno Bambang
Published: March 2021

Background: Childhood pneumonia is the leading cause of death. Family caregivers may have a poor understanding of pneumonia, especially related to prevention and treatment. It is crucial to understand country-specific knowledge and healthcare-seeking behaviors of caregivers of children with pneumonia before planning programmatic responses, particularly in an urban community where the culture-social economic status is diverse. Objective: This study aimed to describe the knowledge and healthcare-seeking behavior of family caregivers of children with pneumonia in Indonesia’s urban community. Methods: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted at a public hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia, from 10 December 2019 to 28 January 2020. Ten family caregivers of children with pneumonia were included, and a semi-structured interview was conducted for data collection. The audio recording was transcribed verbatim, and the data were analyzed using content analysis. Results: The emerged data indicated low knowledge of the family caregivers, especially mothers, which considered pneumonia a common cold only, and they failed to understand the risk of its transmission. Using traditional medicines was the first stage of healthcare-seeking behavior. If the symptoms worsened, the caregivers brought their children to the nearest health center. If there was no change in the symptoms, they headed to the hospital. The health center’s location, condition, services, and staff attitude were considered factors to choose the services. Conclusion: Living in an urban area does not guarantee the family caregivers have better knowledge and good healthcare-seeking behavior. Therefore, nurses should provide comprehensive education about pneumonia, its symptoms, and treatment management to improve family care and prevent pneumonia-related deaths. Integrated management of children with illness is recommended to help the family caregivers of children with pneumonia receive treatment as quickly as possible. Funding: This study was funded by Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta, Indonesia.
Data Perversion: a Psychoanalytic Perspective on Datafication
Authors: Johanssen Jacob
Published: March 2021

This article adopts a psychoanalytic perspective and argues that users are in a perverse relationship with contemporary platforms. Following a review of recent critical scholarship on datafication, which places too much emphasis on platforms and situates users as helpless, the psychoanalytic concept of perversion is introduced. Perversion describes a relationship that is characterised by dominance, exploitation and dehumanization as well as care, love, and idealization. While the pervert (the platform and its owners and developers) is the perpetrator, the other (the user) is also actively participating in the perverse relationship. Contemporary relations are thus marked by foregrounding connectivity, convenience and communication which mask the violence of datafication. Such relations are upheld, because users affirmatively reproduce them by using highly attractive platforms which are customized for each individual. Psychoanalysis can thus offer a complex conceptualisation of the interplay between affirmation, attraction and exploitation that is immanent to platforms and users today.
The Twitter Explorer: A Framework for Observing Twitter through Interactive Networks
Authors: Pournaki Armin , Gaisbauer Felix , Banisch Sven , Olbrich Eckehard
Published: March 2021

We present an open-source interface for scientists to explore Twitter data through interactive network visualizations. Combining data collection, transformation and visualization in one easily accessible framework, the twitter explorer connects distant and close reading of Twitter data through the interactive exploration of interaction networks and semantic networks. By lowering the technological barriers of data-driven research, it aims to attract researchers from various disciplinary backgrounds and facilitates new perspectives in the thriving field of computational social science.
Privacy attitudes and behaviors in the age of post-privacy: An empirical approach
Authors: Demertzis Nicolas , Mandenaki Katerina , Tsekeris Charalambos
Published: March 2021

The digital world is a field of information and entertainment for users and a field of extraction of the most valuable good of recent years: personal data. How much of a threat to privacy is the collection and processing of data by third parties and what do people think about it? On the occasion of the extensive methods of surveilling citizens and collecting their data, this study attempts to contribute new empirical data evidence from the international research on the use of the Internet by the World Internet Project on attitudes and behaviors of individuals regarding online privacy and surveillance. The aim is to determine whether and to what extent the recorded concerns about the violation of privacy intersects with a growing acceptance of its very absence.
Expression of Androgen Receptors in Abating Age-Related Temporomandibular Muscles Dysfunctions in Female Albino Wistar Rats
Authors: S Ashour Ahmed , A khairy Dina
Published: March 2021

Dysfunctions of Muscles of Mastication (MM) are commonly associated with facial pain, and it is a common medical condition in women's reproductive health. Hypothetically, sex hormones could be considered an underlying cause for this dysfunction, but few studies were done to explore sex hormones receptors in MM. The aim of the present study is to explore the effect of both age and sex on the expression of estrogen and androgen receptors in muscles of mastication. Eighty rats were randomly assigned into four groups. Group-12F, group-12M, group-24F and group-24M. After rats were sacrificed, MM were removed for histological and immunohistochemical examinations. Regardless age and sex, there was a weak expression of estrogen receptors (α,β) in all muscles. In group-24M, expression of androgen receptors in MM was significantly higher than that of other groups. In conclusion, the present study sheds the light on the age-related increased expression of androgen receptors in male albino wistar rats which could protect against temporomandibular muscles dysfunctions. Further studies are needed to evaluate this hypothesis for further clinical applications.
Predicting the Size and Duration of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lewis Ted G. , Al Mannai Waleed I.
Published: March 2021

This article explores the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, asking how long it might last. Focusing on Bahrain, which has a finite population of 1.7M, it aimed to predict the size and duration of the pandemic, which is key information for administering public health policy. We compare the predictions made by numerical solutions of variations of the Kermack-McKendrick SIR epidemic model and Tsallis-Tirnakli model with the curve-fitting solution of the Bass model of product adoption. The results reiterate the complex and difficult nature of estimating parameters, and how this can lead to initial predictions that are far from reality. The Tsallis-Tirnakli and Bass models yield more realistic results using data-driven approaches but greatly differ in their predictions. The study discusses possible sources for predictive inaccuracies, as identified during our predictions for Bahrain, the United States, and the world. We conclude that additional factors such as variations in social network structure, public health policy, and differences in population and population density are major sources of inaccuracies in estimating size and duration.
CellPAINT: Turnkey Illustration of Molecular Cell Biology
Authors: Gardner Adam , Autin Ludovic , Fuentes Daniel , Maritan Martina , Barad Benjamin A. , Medina Michaela , Olson Arthur J. , Grotjahn Danielle A. , Goodsell David S.
Published: March 2021

CellPAINT is an interactive digital tool that allows non-expert users to create illustrations of the molecular structure of cells and viruses. We present a new release with several key enhancements, including the ability to generate custom ingredients from structure information in the Protein Data Bank, and interaction, grouping, and locking functions that streamline the creation of assemblies and illustration of large, complex scenes. An example of CellPAINT as a tool for hypothesis generation in the interpretation of cryoelectron tomograms is presented. CellPAINT is freely available at http://ccsb.scripps.edu/cellpaint.
Sustainable Remediation of Contaminated Soil Using Biosurfactants
Authors: Mulligan Catherine N.
Published: March 2021

Selection of the most appropriate remediation technology must coincide with the environmental characteristics of the site. The risk to human health and the environment at the site must be reduced, and not be transferred to another site. Biosurfactants have the potential as remediation agents due to their biodegradability, low toxicity, and effectiveness. Selection of biosurfactants should be based on pollutant characteristics and properties, treatment capacity, costs, regulatory requirements, and time constraints. Moreover, understanding of the mechanisms of interaction between biosurfactants and contaminants can assist in selection of the appropriate biosurfactants for sustainable remediation. Enhanced sustainability of the remediation process by biosurfactants can be achieved through the use of renewable or waste substrates, in situ production of biosurfactants, and greener production and recovery processes for biosurfactants. Future research needs are identified.
Multiscale Structural Elucidation of Peptide Nanotubes by X-Ray Scattering Methods
Authors: Narayanan Theyencheri , Rüter Axel , Olsson Ulf
Published: March 2021

This mini-review presents the structural investigations of the self-assembled peptide nanotubes using X-ray scattering techniques. As compared to electron microscopy, scattering methods enable studies of nanotubes in solution under the appropriate physicochemical conditions and probe their formation mechanism. In addition, a combination of X-ray scattering methods allow the elucidation of structural organization from the molecular scale to the dimension of nanotubes.
Altered Actin Dynamics in Cell Migration of GNE Mutant Cells
Authors: Devi Shamulailatpam Shreedarshanee , Yadav Rashmi , Arya Ranjana
Published: March 2021

Cell migration is an essential cellular process that requires coordination of cytoskeletal dynamics, reorganization, and signal transduction. The actin cytoskeleton is central in maintaining the cellular structure as well as regulating the mechanisms of cell motility. Glycosylation, particularly sialylation of cell surface proteins like integrins, regulates signal transduction from the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeletal network. The activation of integrin by extracellular cues leads to recruitment of different focal adhesion complex proteins (Src, FAK, paxillin, etc.) and activates the signal including Rho GTPases for the regulation of actin assembly and disassembly. During cell migration, the assembly and disassembly of actin filament provides the essential force for the cell to move. Abnormal sialylation can lead to actin signaling dysfunction leading to aberrant cell migration, one of the main characteristics of cancer and myopathies. In the present study, we have reported altered F-actin to G-actin ratios in GNE mutated cells. These cells exhibit pathologically relevant mutations of GNE (UDP N-acetylneuraminic 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase), a key sialic acid biosynthetic enzyme. It was found that GNE neither affects the actin polymerization nor binds directly to actin. However, mutation in GNE resulted in increased binding of α-actinin to actin filaments. Further, through confocal imaging, GNE was found to be localized in focal adhesion complex along with paxillin. We further elucidated that mutation in GNE resulted in upregulation of RhoA protein and Cofilin activity is downregulated, which could be rescued with Rhosin and chlorogenic acid, respectively. Lastly, mutant in GNE reduced cell migration as implicated from wound healing assay. Our study indicates that molecules altering Cofilin function could significantly revert the cell migration defect due to GNE mutation in sialic acid-deficient cells. We propose cytoskeletal proteins to be alternate drug targets for disorders associated with GNE such as GNE myopathy.
Wnt Signaling Drives Correlated Changes in Facial Morphology and Brain Shape
Authors: Marchini Marta , Hu Diane , Lo Vercio Lucas , Young Nathan M. , Forkert Nils D. , Hallgrímsson Benedikt , Marcucio Ralph
Published: March 2021

Canonical Wnt signaling plays multiple roles critical to normal craniofacial development while its dysregulation is known to be involved in structural birth defects of the face. However, when and how Wnt signaling influences phenotypic variation, including those associated with disease, remains unclear. One potential mechanism is via Wnt signaling’s role in the patterning of an early facial signaling center, the frontonasal ectodermal zone (FEZ), and its subsequent regulation of early facial morphogenesis. For example, Wnt signaling may directly alter the shape and/or magnitude of expression of thesonic hedgehog(SHH) domain in the FEZ. To test this idea, we used a replication-competent avian sarcoma retrovirus (RCAS) encodingWnt3ato modulate its expression in the facial mesenchyme. We then quantified and compared ontogenetic changes in treated to untreated embryos in the three-dimensional (3D) shape of both theSHHexpression domain of the FEZ, and the morphology of the facial primordia and brain using iodine-contrast microcomputed tomography imaging and 3D geometric morphometrics (3DGM). We found that increasedWnt3aexpression in early stages of head development produces correlated variation in shape between both structural and signaling levels of analysis. In addition, alteredWnt3aactivation disrupted the integration between the forebrain and other neural tube derivatives. These results show that activation of Wnt signaling influences facial shape through its impact on the forebrain andSHHexpression in the FEZ, and highlights the close relationship between morphogenesis of the forebrain and midface.
Mechanisms of Cellular Senescence: Cell Cycle Arrest and Senescence Associated Secretory Phenotype
Authors: Kumari Ruchi , Jat Parmjit
Published: March 2021

Cellular senescence is a stable cell cycle arrest that can be triggered in normal cells in response to various intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli, as well as developmental signals. Senescence is considered to be a highly dynamic, multi-step process, during which the properties of senescent cells continuously evolve and diversify in a context dependent manner. It is associated with multiple cellular and molecular changes and distinct phenotypic alterations, including a stable proliferation arrest unresponsive to mitogenic stimuli. Senescent cells remain viable, have alterations in metabolic activity and undergo dramatic changes in gene expression and develop a complex senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Cellular senescence can compromise tissue repair and regeneration, thereby contributing toward aging. Removal of senescent cells can attenuate age-related tissue dysfunction and extend health span. Senescence can also act as a potent anti-tumor mechanism, by preventing proliferation of potentially cancerous cells. It is a cellular program which acts as a double-edged sword, with both beneficial and detrimental effects on the health of the organism, and considered to be an example of evolutionary antagonistic pleiotropy. Activation of the p53/p21WAF1/CIP1and p16INK4A/pRB tumor suppressor pathways play a central role in regulating senescence. Several other pathways have recently been implicated in mediating senescence and the senescent phenotype. Herein we review the molecular mechanisms that underlie cellular senescence and the senescence associated growth arrest with a particular focus on why cells stop dividing, the stability of the growth arrest, the hypersecretory phenotype and how the different pathways are all integrated.
Endothelial Cell Behavior Is Determined by Receptor Clustering Induced by Thrombospondin-1
Authors: Morandi Verônica , Petrik Jim , Lawler Jack
Published: March 2021

The thrombospondins (TSPs) are a family of multimeric extracellular matrix proteins that dynamically regulate cellular behavior and response to stimuli. In so doing, the TSPs directly and indirectly affect biological processes such as embryonic development, wound healing, immune response, angiogenesis, and cancer progression. Many of the direct effects of Thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1) result from the engagement of a wide range of cell surface receptors including syndecans, low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), CD36, integrins, and CD47. Different or even opposing outcomes of TSP-1 actions in certain pathologic contexts may occur, depending on the structural/functional domain involved. To expedite response to external stimuli, these receptors, along with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and Src family kinases, are present in specific membrane microdomains, such as lipid rafts or tetraspanin-enriched microdomains. The molecular organization of these membrane microdomains and their constituents is modulated by TSP-1. In this review, we will describe how the presence of TSP-1 at the plasma membrane affects endothelial cell signal transduction and angiogenesis.
Molecular Identification of Invasive Non-typeable Group B Streptococcus Isolates From Denmark (2015 to 2017)
Authors: Slotved Hans-Christian , Fuursted Kurt , Kavalari Ioanna Drakaki , Hoffmann Steen
Published: March 2021

The number of invasive Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) non-typeable (NT) isolates in Denmark received since 1999 has in general accounted for 10% of all invasive GBS isolates. We present data on 55 clinical NT isolates based on clinical manifestations, clonal relationship, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants, and virulence factors. The GBS isolates included in this study were phenotypic-based NT obtained from 2015 to 2017, as well as 10 reference isolates. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on all isolates and the data were analyzed for the presence of both species specific genes, capsular genes (genotype), and other relevant genes. We furthermore compared different procedures for detection of serotype specific capsular genes. Overall we were able to genotype 54 of the 55 isolates. After retesting the isolates a phenotype was detected for 20 (36%) isolates, of which the initial phenotyping problem for 13 isolates was found to be due to a problem with serotype Ia specific antiserum. Thirty-five isolates remained phenotypic non-typeable with a majority of genotype V isolates which do not express a capsular gene. From all the Danish invasive GBS isolates from 2015 to 2017, the 35 NT isolates were all detected in the age group above 21 years with bacteremia. The 35 NT isolates belonged to six different well-known human pathogenic clonal complexes. The CDC recommended sequences for capsule genotyping were the most optimal for serotype prediction, because of the sequence simplicity and clear cutoff values. However we recommend to also use other capsular sequences for the NT isolates, if they cannot be genotyped by the CDC method.
Effects of Infant Formula Supplemented With Prebiotics and OPO on Infancy Fecal Microbiota: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Zhu Bingquan , Zheng Shuangshuang , Lin Kexin , Xu Xin , Lv Lina , Zhao Zhengyan , Shao Jie
Published: March 2021

Several lines of evidence suggest that the intestinal microbiota plays crucial roles in infant development, and that it is highly influenced by extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Prebiotic-containing infant formula may increase gastrointestinal tolerance and improve commensal microbiota composition. However, it remains unknown whether supplementation of milk-formulas with prebiotics and 1,3-olein-2-palmitin (OPO) can achieve feeding outcomes similar to those of breastfeeding. In the present study, we investigated the effects of two kinds of infant formula with different additives on the overall diversity and composition of the fecal microbiota, to determine which was closer to breastfeeding. A total of 108 infants were enrolled, including breastfeeding (n=59) and formula feeding group (n=49). The formula feeding infants were prospectively randomly divided into a standard formula group (n=18), and a supplemented formula group(n=31). The fecal samples were collected at 4 months after intervention. Fecal microbiota analysis targeting the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was performed using MiSeq sequencing. The overall bacterial diversity and composition, key functional bacteria, and predictive functional profiles in the two different formula groups were compared with breastfeeding group. We found that the alpha diversity of the gut microbiota was not significantly different between the OPO and breastfeeding groups with Chaos 1 index (p=0.346). The relative abundances of Enhydrobacter and Akkermansia in the OPO group were more similar to those of the breastfeeding group than to those of the standard formula group. The gut microbiota metabolism function prediction analysis showed that the supplemented formula group was similar to the breastfeeding group in terms of ureolysis (p=0.297). These findings suggest that, when formula supplemented with prebiotics and OPO was given, the overall bacterial diversity and parts of the composition of the fecal microbiota would be similar to that of breastfeeding infants.
Staphylococcus aureus β-Hemolysin Up-Regulates the Expression of IFN-γ by Human CD56bright NK Cells
Authors: Guan Zhangchun , Liu Yu , Liu Chenghua , Wang Huiting , Feng Jiannan , Yang Guang
Published: March 2021

IFN-γ is produced upon stimulation withS. aureusand may play a detrimental role during infection. However, whether hemolysins play a role in the mechanism of IFN-γ production has not been fully characterized. In this study, we demonstrated that Hlb, one of the major hemolysins ofS. aureus, upregulated IFN-γ production by CD56brightNK cells from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Further investigation showed that Hlb increased calcium influx and induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Either blocking calcium or specifically inhibiting phosphorylation of ERK1/2 decreased the production of IFN-γ induced by Hlb. Moreover, we found that this process was dependent on the sphingomyelinase activity of Hlb. Our findings revealed a novel mechanism of IFN-γ production in NK cells induced by Hlb, which may be involved in the pathogenesis ofS. aureus.
Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index Reflects Impaired Exercise Capacity and Predicts Adverse Prognosis in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Watanabe Koichiro , Yoshihisa Akiomi , Sato Yu , Hotsuki Yu , Anzai Fumiya , Ichijo Yasuhiro , Kimishima Yusuke , Yokokawa Tetsuro , Misaka Tomofumi , Sato Takamasa , Kaneshiro Takashi , Oikawa Masayoshi , Kobayashi Atsushi , Takeishi Yasuchika
Published: March 2021

Aims: We aimed to assess the associations of CAVI with exercise capacity in heart failure (HF) patients. In addition, we further examined their prognosis.

Methods: We collected the clinical data of 223 patients who had been hospitalized for decompensated HF and had undergone both CAVI and cardiopulmonary exercise testing.

Results: For the prediction of an impaired peak oxygen uptake (VO2) of < 14 mL/kg/min, receiver-operating characteristic curve demonstrated that the cutoff value of CAVI was 8.9. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis for predicting impaired peak VO2, high CAVI was found to be an independent factor (odds ratio 2.343, P = 0.045). We divided these patients based on CAVI: the low-CAVI group (CAVI < 8.9, n = 145) and the high-CAVI group (CAVI ≥ 8.9, n = 78). Patient characteristics and post-discharge cardiac events were compared between the two groups. The high-CAVI group was older (69.0 vs. 58.0 years old, P < 0.001) and had lower body mass index (23.0 vs. 24.1 kg/m2, P = 0.013). During the post-discharge follow-up period of median 1,623 days, 58 cardiac events occurred. The Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated that the cardiac event rate was higher in the high-CAVI group than in the low-CAVI group (log–rank P = 0.004). The multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis revealed that high CAVI was an independent predictor of cardiac events (hazard ratio 1.845, P = 0.035).

Conclusion: High CAVI is independently associated with impaired exercise capacity and a high cardiac event rate in HF patients.
Recent Advances in Stability and Failure Mechanisms of Landslide Dams
Authors: Zheng Hongchao , Shi Zhenming , Shen Danyi , Peng Ming , Hanley Kevin J. , Ma Chenyi , Zhang Limin
Published: March 2021

Numerous landslide dams have been induced in recent years as a result of frequent earthquakes and extreme climate hazards. Landslide dams present serious threats to lives and properties downstream due to potentially breaching floods from the impounded lakes. To investigate the factors influencing the stability of landslide dams, a large database has been established based on an in-depth investigation of 1,737 landslide dam cases. The effects of triggers, dam materials, and geomorphic characteristics of landslide dams on dam stability are comprehensively analyzed. Various evaluation indexes of landslide dam stability are assessed based on this database, and stability evaluation can be further improved by considering the dam materials. Stability analyses of aftershocks, surges, and artificial engineering measures on landslide dams are summarized. Overtopping and seepage failures are the most common failure modes of landslide dams. The failure processes and mechanisms of landslide dams caused by overtopping and seepage are reviewed from the perspective of model experiments and numerical analyses. Finally, the research gaps are highlighted, and pathways to achieve a more complete understanding of landslide dam stability are suggested. This comprehensive review of the recent advances in stability and failure mechanisms of landslide dams can serve as a key reference for stability prediction and emergency risk mitigation.
Thrombospondin 1 in Metabolic Diseases
Authors: Gutierrez Linda S. , Gutierrez Jovita
Published: March 2021

The thrombospondin family comprises of five multifunctional glycoproteins, whose best-studied member is thrombospondin 1 (TSP1). This matricellular protein is a potent antiangiogenic agent that inhibits endothelial migration and proliferation, and induces endothelial apoptosis. Studies have demonstrated a regulatory role of TSP1 in cell migration and in activation of the latent transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1). These functions of TSP1 translate into its broad modulation of immune processes. Further, imbalances in immune regulation have been increasingly linked to pathological conditions such as obesity and diabetes mellitus. While most studies in the past have focused on the role of TSP1 in cancer and inflammation, recently published data have revealed new insights about the role of TSP1 in physiological and metabolic disorders. Here, we highlight recent findings that associate TSP1 and its receptors to obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. TSP1 regulates nitric oxide, activates latent TGFβ1, and interacts with receptors CD36 and CD47, to play an important role in cell metabolism. Thus, TSP1 and its major receptors may be considered a potential therapeutic target for metabolic diseases.