bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-surgical treatment for arterial leg ulcers: a narrative review
Authors: John Jomcy , Tate Sophia , Price Annie
Published: November 2022

Objectives:

Arterial leg ulcers (ALUs) pose a considerable burden on patients and health services. The cornerstone of treatment is revascularisation; however, this is not always possible and does not necessarily guarantee ulcer healing. Alternative treatment options are therefore also important. This narrative review aims to summarise the evidence available for non-surgical treatment of ALUs, including topical therapy, pharmacological agents, therapeutic angiogenesis and devices.

Methods:

A literature search was performed in November 2020 to identify studies reporting data on the non-surgical management of ALUs. Prospective randomised controlled trials (RCTs), controlled clinical trials and meta-analyses that investigated conservative or medical interventions on patients with intractable ALUs, and which provided quantitative data on ulcer healing were included. Following screening, studies that met the inclusion criteria underwent a data extraction process and findings were synthesised and categorised narratively.

Results:

In total, 14 controlled trials were selected for inclusion and analysed based on experimental protocol and outcome measures.

Conclusion:

There is some evidence available for the use of short-term systemic prostanoids, ultrasound therapy and pneumatic compression. There are limitations to these options including side effects, patient tolerance due to pain and availability in clinical practice. Further research is needed to improve treatment options for this complex group.
Effectiveness of silver dressings in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Luo YiXin , Li Li , Zhao Ping , Yang Chuan , Zhang June
Published: November 2022

Objective:

Silver dressings have been used in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). However, meta-analyses examining their effectiveness is lacking. Therefore, this meta-analysis evaluates the effectiveness of silver dressings on DFU healing.

Method:

Various databases were searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of silver dressing applied to DFUs.

Results:

A total of seven studies involving 650 patients were identified for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The odds ratio (OR) for silver dressing improving wound healing rate, complete healing time, ulcer-related in-hospital time and infection resolution rate were: 4.02 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.25–7.17; p<0.01); 2.81 (95% CI: –3.33––2.29; p<0.01); 12.13 (95% CI:–20.64––3.62; p<0.01); and 7.36 (95% CI: 1.58–34.22; p=0.01), respectively. The OR on ulcer area reduction was 8.60 (95% CI:–8.93–26.12; p=0.34) indicating no significant effect.

Conclusion:

The results of this meta-analysis showed that silver dressings enhance DFU healing rate, shorten the time to complete healing, shorten in-hospital duration, and improve infection resolution rate, while having no significant effect on reduction of ulcer area. Large-scale, multicentre, rigorously designed RCTs are recommended for future investigation to justify the beneficial effects of silver dressings on DFU healing.
Triterpenoid cholinesterase inhibitors that might improve gait disturbances in Parkinson's disease patients
Authors: Heise Niels V , Schüler Jördis-Ann , Orlamünde Torje E. , Brandes Benjamin , Deigner Hans-Peter , Al-Harrasi Ahmed , Csuk René
Published: November 2022

: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Besides rigidity and tremor, patients often suffer from gait disturbance. Treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEI) has been shown to improve gait speed. Thus, the triterpene acids oleanolic acid and ursolic acid have been used as starting materials for the synthesis of compounds intended to act as inhibitors of the enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). The parent compounds were acetylated and converted via isocyanates and amines into a series of amides, while the isocyanates were also used as starting materials for the synthesis of several urea derivatives. Screening of the compounds with the cholinesterases showed them to be good to moderate inhibitors, with ursolic acid derived isocyanate being a superior mixed-type dual inhibitor for both enzymes holding Ki values in the low mM concentration range. The data from the experiments parallel the results from molecular modeling calculations. In addition, this compound is remarkably stable in an aqueous solution and undergoes decarboxylative hydrolysis to the corresponding amine only at 50 °C after several hours.
Generation of chemical deposits on fused silica optics and their modulation on the light intensity distribution
Authors: Ye Hui , Cui Zhuangzhuang , Li Zhuang , Yang Wei , Qian Yuan
Published: November 2022

Deposited substances generated from hydrofluoric acid based (HF-based) etching are found to be the precursors that deteriorate the resistance of fused silica optics to laser damage. In this paper, the surface of polished fused silica was treated with a buffer oxide etchant (BOE, 5–10%wt. HF

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was found to increase significantly with the amount of material removal and sensitivity to the post-cleaning procedure. Three shapes of deposited particles are simultaneously identified on the treated samples. The 3D finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) was used to simulate the light field distribution near the deposited particles, which demonstrates that fused silica is subject to more light modulation when a particle is exposed on the front surface laser than on the rear surface laser. In addition, dense particles barely increase the light intensification factor (LIF) while markedly increase the light focused probability inside fused silica. Moreover, a multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis for the LIF builds a fitting plane model of the LIF and the particle height as well as the horizontal size, revealing that the LIF increases with the size of the deposited particle, especially its height. The laser damage testing results indicate that a deposited layer of 

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in height had little influence on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the optics and larger deposited particles with up to 9 µm thickness may deteriorate the LIDT to 41.62% that of the reference sample. Both the simulation and experimental results demonstrate that deposited particles with a height of more than 0.1 µm should be inhibited to achieve fused silica with superior laser damage performance.
Low coherence laser pulse amplification theory for rare earth ions doped glass medium
Authors: Li Fujian , Liu Dong , Ji Lailin , Cui Yong , Zhao Xiaohui , Ma Weixin , Sui Zhan , Gao Yanqi
Published: November 2022

A new theory for the low coherence laser amplification in rare ions doped glass has been proposed. Based on one-dimensional continuous energy level assumption and independent response assumption, the theory can describe the amplification of low coherence laser pulses with any time scale and any bandwidth. By the new theory, McCumber formula can be obtained, and a complete low coherence optical pulse amplification model in neodymium glass is established. Computation shows that at high fluences, inhomogeneous broadening will severely limit energy extraction of narrowband high coherence laser, therefore the extraction of broadband low coherence laser will exceed that of narrowband high coherence laser. In addition, the portion of long-wave of the output spectrum is slightly larger than that predicted by the homogeneous model. The new theory could be beneficial for the studies of low coherence pulse amplification in rare earth doped medium and other laser mediums.
High dynamic range thickness measurement using a double heterodyne interferometer
Authors: Wakabayashi Fuma , Kawai Kotaro
Published: November 2022

The present study theoretically demonstrates a high dynamic range optical interference measurement approach based on phase change of the amplitude modulated (AM) wave envelope obtained by on-axis heterodyne interference, which can measure thicknesses from sub-wavelength to several millimeters. First, the AM light wave generated by on-axis heterodyne interference is split into two AM light waves. The sample thickness is obtained from the position of the interference fringes, produced by interfering with the transmitted AM light wave through the sample and reference AM wave. Furthermore, the proposed measurement approach is simplified via 4-beam optical interference using circularly polarized heterodyne-modulated waves.
Assessing the capacity of primary health care facilities in Nigeria to deliver eye health promotion: Results of a mixed-methods feasibility study
Authors: Aghaji Ada , Burchett Helen E. D. , Hameed Shaffa , Gilbert Clare
Published: November 2022

Over 25 million people in sub-Saharan Africa are blind or visually impaired, the majority from avoidable causes. Health promotion and disease prevention are important strategies for eye health, through good governance, health literacy and increasing access to eye care services. To increase equity in access for eyecare services, the World Health Organization Africa Region developed a package of interventions for primary eye care, which includes health promotion. The aim of this study was to assess the capacity of the primary healthcare system to deliver health promotion for eye care in Nigeria. Mixed methods were used during a survey of 48 government-owned primary health care facilities in Anambra state, Nigeria: interviews with district health supervisors, facility staff and village health workers, and a desk review of policy documents for primary health care and eye care in Nigeria. Findings were benchmarked against the capacities needed to deliver health promotion agreed through a Delphi exercise and were analysed using the World Health Organization’s health system building blocks. Eye health promotion policies exist but are fragmented across different national health policies. Health promotion activities focussed on “mobilising” community members to access care provided in facilities, particularly for women of childbearing age and young children, and health education was limited. Only one in ten facilities engaged the elderly and a fifth delivered health promotion for eye care. Health promotion activities were supervised in 43.2% of facilities and transport to remote areas was limited. A robust eye health promotion strategy needs to be included in the National Eye Health Policy. The scope of existing health promotion will need to expand to include eye conditions and different age groups. Increasing eye health literacy should be emphasized. Governance, training health workers in eye health promotion, educational materials, and transport to visit communities will also be needed.
Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on physical activity behaviours of older adults who participated in a community-based exercise program prior to the lockdown
Authors: Nosaka Kaoru , Fox-Harding Caitlin , Nosaka Kazunori
Published: November 2022

This study investigated the impact of the 2020 COVID-19 lockdown on community-dwelling older adults attending a community-based exercise program to seek strategies to keep them active during self-isolated situations. A two-phase mixed methods approach included a survey followed by in-person focus groups. Forty-eight participants, with 32 starting a community-based exercise program before the lockdown and 16 joining the program after the lockdown, completed a questionnaire survey about physical activities before and during the lockdown. This was followed by three focus groups (26 participants in total) to identify factors influencing physical activity behaviours found in the survey. The survey found that the COVID-19 lockdown had varied impact on exercise adherence of the older adults: 43% of the participants exercised less during the lockdown than pre-lockdown, but 26% exercised more. Interestingly, among the participants approximately 80% still achieved the recommended physical activity level by the WHO during the lockdown. The focus groups revealed that exercise behaviours before the lockdown directly affected the behaviours during the lockdown. Participants’ recognition of the support from trustworthy people also influenced their motivation to perform exercises in an isolated environment. Remote exercise programs, such as digital and printed exercise materials, were found beneficial for the participants only when they came from the people the older adults trusted through their previous experience (i.e., the program). A sense of belonging to the exercise group was also essential for the participants to achieve self-managed exercise. It was concluded that older adults need connections to an exercise group and a trustworthy exercise instructor who could continuously support them to be physically active in isolated situations such as lockdowns, in addition to exercise knowledge and a better understanding of the benefits of exercise.
Expression of plant-produced anti-PD-L1 antibody with anoikis sensitizing activity in human lung cancer cells via., suppression on epithelial-mesenchymal transition
Authors: Phetphoung Thareeya , Malla Ashwini , Rattanapisit Kaewta , Pisuttinusart Nuttapat , Damrongyot Naruechai , Joyjamras Keerati , Chanvorachote Pithi , Phakham Tanapati , Wongtangprasert Tossapon , Strasser Richard , Chaotham Chatchai , Phoolcharoen Waranyoo
Published: November 2022

Immune checkpoint antibodies in cancer treatment are receptor-ligand pairs that modulate cancer immunity. PD-1/PD-L1 pathway has emerged as one of the major targets in cancer immunotherapy. Atezolizumab, the first anti-PD-L1 antibody approved for the treatment of metastatic urothelial, non-small cell lung, small cell lung and triple-negative breast cancers, is produced in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells with several limitations i.e., high-production costs, low-capacity yields, and contamination risks. Due to the rapid scalability and low production costs, the transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves was investigated by co-infiltration of Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101 cultures harboring the nucleic acid sequences encoding for Atezolizumab heavy chain and light chain in this study. The transient expression of Atezolizumab in transformed N. benthamiana accumulated up to 86.76 μg/g fresh leaf weight after 6 days of agroinfiltration (OD 600 nm: 0.4) with 1:1 ratio of heavy chain to light chain. The structural and functional characteristics of plant-produced Atezolizumab was compared with commercially available Tecentriq® from CHO cells with similar binding efficacies to PD-L1 receptor. The direct anti-cancer effect of plant-produced anti-PD-L1 was further performed in human lung metastatic cancer cells H460 cultured under detachment condition, demonstrating the activity of anti-PD-L1-antibody on sensitizing anoikis as well as the suppression on anti-apoptosis proteins (Bcl-2 and Mcl-1) and modulation of epithelial to mesenchymal regulating proteins (E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Snail and Slug). In conclusion, this study manifests plants as an alternative cost-effective platform for the production of functional monoclonal antibodies for use in cancer therapy.
ARL11 correlates with the immunosuppression and poor prognosis in breast cancer: A comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of ARL family members
Authors: Xie Ning , Shu Qiuai , Wang Ziwei , Huang Xindi , Wang Yalan , Qin Bin , Chen Yan , Liu Na , Dong Lei , Wu Jian , Song Yahua
Published: November 2022

ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein (ARL) family members (ARLs) may regulate the malignant phenotypes of cancer cells. However, relevant studies on ARLs in breast cancer (BC) are limited. In this research, the expression profiles, genetic variations, and prognostic values of ARLs in BC have been systematically analyzed for the first time using various databases. We find that ARLs are significantly dysregulated in BC according to the TCGA database, which may result from DNA methylation and copy number alteration. Prognostic analysis suggests that ARL11 is the most significant prognostic indicator for BC, and higher ARL11 predicts worse clinical outcomes for BC patients. Further functional enrichment analysis demonstrates that ARL11 enhances the immunosuppression in BC, and dysregulation of ARL11 is significantly associated with immune infiltration in various types of cancer. Our results demonstrate the potential of ARL11 as an immune therapeutic target for BC.
Capsules with bacteria and fungi in distinct compartments: A platform for studying microbes from different kingdoms and their cross-communication
Authors: Ahn So Hyun , Karlsson Amy J. , Bentley William E. , Raghavan Srinivasa R.
Published: November 2022

Recently, we have created ‘artificial cells’ with an architecture mimicking that of typical eukaryotic cells. Our design uses common biopolymers like alginate and chitosan to create multi-compartment capsules (MCCs) via oil-free microfluidics. MCCs (~ 500 μm in diameter) can be engineered with multiple inner compartments, each with a distinct payload. This mimics the distinct organelles in eukaryotic cells, each of which has unique properties. In this study, we encapsulate microbial cells from two distinct kingdoms —Pseudomonas aeruginosa(bacteria) andCandida albicans(fungi) — in the inner compartments of MCCs. The two microbes are commonly found in biofilms at sites of infection in humans. We first demonstrate that the MCC can serve as a simple platform to observe the comparative growth of the cells in real time. Unlike typical co-culture in solution or on agar plates, the cells can grow in their own compartments without direct physical contact. Moreover, the hydrogel matrix in the compartments mimics the three-dimensional (3-D) environment that cells naturally encounter during their growth. Small molecules added to the solution are shown to permeate through the capsule walls and affect cell growth: for example, cationic surfactants inhibit the fungi but not the bacteria. Conversely, low pH and kanamycin inhibit the bacteria but not the fungi. Also, when the bacteria are present in adjacent compartments, the fungal cells mostly stay in ayeastmorphology, meaning as spheroidal cells. In contrast, in the absence of the bacteria, the fungi transition intohyphae, i.e., long multicellular filaments. The inhibition of this morphological switch in fungal cells is shown to be induced by signaling molecules (specifically, the quorum sensing autoinducer-1 or AI-1) secreted by the bacteria. Thus, the MCC platform can also be used to detect cross-kingdom signaling between the compartmentalized microbes.
Beyond prosociality: Recalling many types of moral behavior produces positive emotion
Authors: Miles Andrew , Upenieks Laura , Orfanidis Christos
Published: November 2022

Prosocial acts can increase positive emotions and contribute to emotional well-being, but it is unclear whether other types of moral behavior have similar effects. Respondents from a large online sample (N = 1783) were randomly assigned to recall recent instances when they had performed moral, self-indulgent, or routine acts. Those who recalled self-indulgent behaviors or acts associated with care, fairness, loyalty, authority, and sanctity-based morality increased in positive emotions relative to routine acts controls. Initial evidence suggests that effects for recalling moral acts occurred in part because individuals who recalled these behaviors generated positive moral self-appraisals and satisfied a basic psychological need for relatedness. Study results are consistent with the recent claim that morality is a basic psychological need.
Proof of principle study replicating microbial clusters in connection to birth mode and diet in the early life intestine
Authors: Schimmel Patrick , Kleinjans Lennart , Vael Carl , Desager Kristine , Knol Jan , Belzer Clara
Published: November 2022

The human gut ecosystem starts developing at birth and is influenced by many factors during early life. In this study we make use of a Belgian cohort of 64 children, followed until the age of 6 years, to analyze different phases of microbiota development. We analyzed fecal samples taken before weaning (age 1 month), shortly after weaning (age 6 months), when milk feeding has been discontinued completely (age 1 year), and at the age of 6 years. We performed 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing on the collected fecal samples and analyzed the compositional data in relation to dietary metadata and birth mode. Human and formula milk feeding promotes a microbiota dominated by either Bacteroides or Bifidobacterium, respectively. Into later life stages, the microbiota composition follows distinct microbiota clusters, related to abundance dynamics of certain bacterial groups. Furthermore, it becomes apparent that a formula diet leads to early maturation of the infant gut microbiota. Despite other clinical variables within the infant cohort, they did not significantly contribute to the microbiota patterns we observed. Our data provide a proof of principle study of the importance of diet to the development of the microbiota in early life that replicates earlier findings in other cohorts.
Slow development of woodland vegetation and bird communities during 33 years of passive rewilding in open farmland
Authors: Broughton Richard K. , Bullock James M. , George Charles , Gerard France , Maziarz Marta , Payne Wesley E. , Scholefield Paul A. , Wade Daniel , Pywell Richard F.
Published: November 2022

Passive rewilding is a potential tool for expanding woodland cover and restoring biodiversity by abandoning land management and allowing natural vegetation succession to occur. Land can be abandoned to passive rewilding deliberately or due to socio-economic change. Despite abandonment being a major driver of land use change, few have studied the long-term outcomes for vegetation and biodiversity in Western Europe. Studies are also biased towards sites that are close to seed sources and favourable to woodland colonisation. In this case-study, we reconstruct a time series of passive rewilding over 33 years on 25 ha of former farmland that had been subject to soil tipping, far from woodland seed sources. Natural colonisation by shrubs and trees was surveyed at three points during the time series, using field mapping and lidar. Breeding birds were surveyed at three time points, and compared with surveys from nearby farmland. Results showed that natural colonisation of woody vegetation was slow, with open grassland dominating the old fields for two decades, and small wetlands developing spontaneously. After 33 years, thorny shrub thickets covered 53% of the site and former hedgerows became subsumed or degraded, but trees remained scarce. However, the resulting habitat mosaic of shrubland, grassland and wetland supported a locally distinctive bird community. Farmland bird species declined as passive rewilding progressed, but this was countered by relatively more wetland birds and an increase in woodland birds, particularly songbirds, compared to nearby farmland. Alongside biodiversity benefits, shrubland establishment by passive rewilding could potentially provide ecosystem services via abundant blossom resources for pollinators, and recreation and berry-gathering opportunities for people. Although closed-canopy woodland remained a distant prospect even after 33 years, the habitat mosaic arising from passive rewilding could be considered a valuable outcome, which could contribute to nature recovery and provision of ecosystem services.
Spatial and temporal distribution of rural settlements and influencing mechanisms in Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Zhou Haitao , Wang Cuizhen , Bai Yanru , Ning Xiaoli , Zang Shuying
Published: November 2022

Revealing the patterns and influencing mechanisms of spatial and temporal distribution of rural settlements is crucial for rural revitalization and sustainable development. However, our limited understanding of the rural settlements in China’s ethnic minority border areas has hindered the process of their agricultural and rural modernization. Based on data on rural settlements in Inner Mongolia, China in four periods between 1990 and 2020, this study reveals its spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and describes the dynamic transformation process of settlement. Using a geographical detector approach, 17 factors are explored to identify the influencing mechanisms of each factor on the distribution of rural settlements in different regions. The results show obvious regional differences in the spatial distribution of rural settlements in Inner Mongolia, with the largest kernel density values in the west (Hetao irrigation area) and higher kernel densities in the central (Hohhot) and the east (Chifeng and Tongliao). While rural population decreases, rural settlements expand into cultivated land, grassland, and unused land resources. Its spatial distribution is significantly influenced by the factors of distance to cultivated land, distance to towns, and population density. The east of the study area is mainly controlled by temperature, while vegetation type and vegetation coverage have a greater impact in the west. The interactions between two influencing factors possess bilinear or nonlinear enhancement relationships. This study enriches the understanding of the rural settlements in ethnic minority border areas, which provide reference for the improvement of rural human settlement environment in Inner Mongolia.
Entre la relativización, la ambigüedad y el silencio. Un repaso a las narrativas complacientes con la última dictadura en Uruguay
Authors: Marchesi Aldo
Published: November 2022

El artículo repasa un conjunto de narrativas sobre la última dictadura uruguaya. Todas estas narrativas presentan una estructura similar. Explican el conflicto ocurrido en Uruguay como el resultado del accionar de las izquierdas. Para ellas ese fue el punto de partida que inevitablemente llevó a la respuesta militar para la defensa del orden estatal. Las visiones sobre las características de la respuesta militar son variadas: algunos los consideran excesos y otros, violaciones a los derechos humanos. Pero todas las narrativas comparten una mirada complaciente sobre los militares y ponen el énfasis en la condena a los que inicialmente supuestamente agredieron a la democracia y la nación y no a los que respondieron en torno a la supuesta agresión. Estas narrativas complacientes con los violadores a los derechos humanos desarrolladas por militares y políticos que incluso se opusieron a la dictadura no niegan las prácticas represivas sino que las relativizan, por momentos las silencian y en ciertas circunstancias históricas las reivindican en un tono amenazante.
Álvaro Uribe Vélez: el negacionismo del conflicto armado y de los crímenes estatales y la retórica de descalificación de las izquierdas y de la paz de La Habana, en el poder y en la oposición
Authors: López De La Roche Fabio
Published: November 2022

El discurso negacionista de Álvaro Uribe y la derecha frente al exterminio del partido de izquierda “Unión Patriótica”, entre los años 80 y 90 del siglo XX, así como de las ejecuciones extrajudiciales por miembros de las Fuerzas Militares de Colombia, de 6.402 jóvenes de barriadas populares, haciéndolos pasar como guerrilleros muertos en combate, se constituyó en un dispositivo de falseamiento de la verdad histórica y manipulación de la opinión, con la ayuda de los discursos de algunos medios oligopólicos y sectores del periodismo, que en medio de la polarización entre amigos y detractores de la paz, santistas (partidarios del presidente Juan Manuel Santos) y uribistas, y recientemente entre uribistas y petristas (partidarios del candidato presidencial de la izquierda Gustavo Petro), tomaron partido en actitud de cruzada, por el ex presidente Uribe y su propuesta ideológica.
Reseña del libro: "La nueva izquierda en la historia argentina. Debates conceptuales y análisis de experiencias", dirigido por María Cristina Tortti y Mora González Canosa Mora, coordinado por Juan Alberto Bozza
Authors: Casco José María
Published: November 2022

El texto se concentra en el libro dirigido por María Cristina Tortti y Mora González Canosa, La nueva izquierda en la Historia Reciente argentina, dirigido por María Cristina Tortti y Mora González Canosa y coordinado por Juan Alberto Bozza. Recorre su trama, describe y comenta sus artículos poniendo de relieve sus puntos altos y los vacíos que se encuentran en la compilación.
El discurso de la Historia en un manual de secundaria en español: análisis de tres géneros usados para contar, explicar e interpretar la Revolución Mexicana
Authors: De los Santos Mercedes , Bassa Figueredo Lorena , Difalcis Micaela
Published: November 2022

La didáctica de géneros apunta a favorecer el desarrollo del lenguaje, en particular, de aquellas formas del lenguaje propias de esferas institucionales educativas. Los conocimientos escolares a los que se accede mediante el desarrollo de habilidades de lectura y escritura les permite a los estudiantes la inserción social en distintos ámbitos de participación democrática. En este trabajo, nos proponemos hacer un aporte a la descripción del discurso de la Historia en español de la escuela secundaria, que se ocupa de contar, explicar e interpretar el pasado. Para esto, seleccionamos tres textos de un manual de Historia argentino que aborda la Revolución Mexicana. Analizamos estos textos como tres géneros diferentes (explicación secuencial histórica, explicación factorial y justificación), describiendo su propósito, su estructura y los recursos lingüísticos más relevantes, principalmente, en el estrato semántico-discursivo. A partir de esto, estudiamos la trayectoria de aprendizaje genérico. Discutimos, al respecto, cómo el análisis realizado permite abordar la enseñanza de la lectura y la escritura de estos textos como instancias de géneros históricos. Apuntamos así a contribuir a la reflexión didáctica sobre estrategias de enseñanza para abordar la lectura y la escritura de estos géneros históricos.
Categorías emergentes de las habilidades retóricas y argumentativas en derechos de petición
Authors: Londoño Vásquez David Alberto , Uribe Viveros Margarita María
Published: November 2022

Este artículo presenta las categorías emergentes identificadas en la descripción de las habilidades retóricas y argumentativas en los derechos de petición interpuestos por estudiantes en una institución universitaria de Antioquia, Colombia, en 2019. Se analizaron doce derechos de petición del total de los interpuestos por estudiantes en ese año (tres de cada uno de los cuatro programas de pregrado de dicha institución), elaborados bajo la modalidad de cuestionario, a través de una rúbrica validada en investigaciones previas. De allí, se identificaron tres categorías emergentes. Posteriormente, se procedió a la organización de un grupo focal, donde participaron seis de los peticionarios del cuestionario. Una vez transcrita la grabación, se abordó la unidad a partir de una matriz de triple entrada. Los resultados evidenciaron las categorías emergentes en el grupo focal, gracias a lo cual fue posible recolectar elementos empíricos y conceptuales para la descripción y conceptualización de estas. Se reportan las situaciones socialmente punibles, las enunciaciones predominantemente manipulativas y la narración de eventos como evidencia en las construcciones de este género discursivo, las cuales afectan su calidad argumentativa.
La adaptación metodológica del profesorado de chino durante la pandemia del COVID-19
Authors: Chao Chao Kuok-Wa , Arias Corrales Ileana , Díaz Fuentes Isela , Campos Vargas Alicia
Published: November 2022

Esta investigación describe la adaptación metodológica del profesorado de chino como lengua extranjera en el contexto de la enseñanza remota de emergencia producido por la pandemia de la COVID-19 en Costa Rica en 2020. Se adoptó un enfoque cualitativo de tipo exploratorio, el cual incluyó la participación de once docentes que respondieron a un cuestionario en línea y participaron en una discusión de grupo focal. Los resultados sugieren que las tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación cumplieron un papel primordial en esta adaptación metodológica y que, gracias a su integración en la metodología del personal docente, se pudo asegurar la continuidad en la enseñanza de las cuatro macrocompetencias en los cursos. Se constató además que para el desarrollo de las cuatro competencias lingüísticas se usó una gama variada de actividades y se logró una mayor participación del estudiantado en su aprendizaje. A modo de conclusión, se confirmó que las adaptaciones conllevaron un aumento considerable en las horas de trabajo del personal docente de chino.
El enfoque sociocultural del lenguaje: más allá de lo lingüístico y lo comunicativo
Authors: Pérez Guzmán Jesús
Published: November 2022

In recent decades, in the global field of education, a view that understands the teaching of reading and writing as practices –also called the sociocultural approach– has been gaining strength. In this sense, this article presents a document review in light of the following questions: What are the emphases in the teaching of reading and writing that occupy a preponderant place in Colombian schools and what are their usual practices? How is a sociocultural approach different from those other approaches? What elements does a sociocultural view take from linguistics and communication?
Accordingly, qualitative research is carried out via the document analysis method based on the following stages: 1) search and selection of information and 2) information analysis. As a result, it is found that the approaches with the greatest tradition in schools are the linguistic and the communicative ones; the teaching of reading from a sociocultural perspective goes beyond what these two perspectives propose; and, although the sociocultural approach differs from the linguistic and communicative ones, it takes up elements from these to offer a broader view. Finally, it is indicated that the teaching of reading and writing as practices is the most pertinent perspective in the context of Colombian basic and secondary education.
Kajian Antropologi Hukum: Fenomena Pengungkapan Identitas Terduga Pelaku Kekerasan Seksual di Media Sosial
Authors: Putri Widyani
Published: November 2022

Sejak diundangkannya Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2022 tentang Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual (UU TPKS), kekerasan seksual yang telah lama meresahkan masyarakat resmi dirumuskan sebagai suatu tindak pidana. Namun, layaknya sebuah pedang bermata dua, pemidanaan melukai baik korban, pelaku, sampai dengan masyarakat sehingga harus diupayakan sebagai obat terakhir (ultimum remedium) atau upaya terakhir yang ditempuh apabila tidak ada upaya lain lagi yang efektif mengendalikan kejahatan. Dengan ini, menjadi penting untuk menjaga pemenuhan asas praduga tidak bersalah bagi pelaku dan asas fair trial dalam sistem peradilan pidana kita agar terwujud tujuan kita bersama, yakni kehidupan bermasyarakat yang adil dan damai. Dari hasil penelusuran yang telah dilakukan, fenomena pengungkapan identitas pelaku kekerasan seksual, terutama terduga pelaku, tersangka, maupun terdakwa telah menjamur di ranah media sosial. Padahal, tindakan tersebut mengancam tercapainya tujuan dari sistem peradilan pidana kita, yakni menciptakan manusia yang utuh setelah melalui pemidanaan dan perbaikan selama menjalani pemidanaan. Untuk itu, tulisan ini bermaksud mengkaji fenomena tersebut dari kacamata antropologi hukum untuk mengetahui apa yang melatarbelakangi perilaku pengguna media sosial yang menyebabkan fenomena tersebut.
Synthesis of Biodiesel from Feun Kase (Thevetia peruviana) Seed Oil Using NaOH Catalyst
Authors: Presson Jefry , Kedang Yohana Ivana , Guterres Maria Lilita , Adu Risna Erni Yati , Korbafo Elisabeth , Suseno Heri
Published: November 2022

The demand for biodiesel in the renewable energy sector continues to grow yearly. However, the majority of biodiesel sources currently still compete with the food sector. Feun Kase seeds contain high oil and do not compete with food, so they have prospects as a new source of biodiesel. This study aimed to find the optimal conditions for synthesizing biodiesel from Feun Kase seed oil, carried out through transesterification with four reaction variables: catalyst variation, time, temperature, and the molar ratio of oil/methanol. This study was equipped with parameter test data according to SNI (Indonesian National Standard) 7182:2015, also equipped with characterization using FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) and GCMS (Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy). The highest biodiesel yield of 84.09% was obtained using optimum conditions of 1% NaOH catalyst, oil/methanol molar ratio of 1:6 at 70°C for 90 minutes of reaction. The test results of biodiesel parameters are density (851 kg/m3), smoke point (6°C), kinematic viscosity (5.35 cSt); acid number (1.08 mg KOH/gr), saponification number (159.32 mg KOH/gr), iodine number (78.62 g I2/100 g sample), flash point (165°C), and cetane number (62.86). FTIR analysis proved the presence of methyl esters with typical absorption at 1743 cm-1, 1195.87 cm-1, and 1436.97 cm-1. GCMS characterization showed that Feun Kase biodiesel was dominated by methyl oleate (53.45%), methyl palmitate (27.05%), methyl stearate (10.96%), and methyl linoleate (6.29%).
Solvent-less Oxidation of Aromatic Alcohols Using CrO3/Al2O3 under Ultrasonic Irradiation
Authors: Firdaus Maulidan , Kusumaningsih Triana , Arifagama Ichsan , Amin Zuhdi Alqowamul
Published: November 2022

Alcohol oxidation plays an essential contribution to the chemical industry. Innovative green techniques, such as ultrasound irradiation, could be economically remarkable by enhancing reaction yield. In this research, the design and improvement of a new green ultrasound-assisted oxidation of alcohols procedure using CrO3 supported by Al2O3 with the addition of a small amount of t- butanol were reported. The oxidation of alcohols was also done without ultrasound irradiation to study the sonochemical effect. Based on FTIR and GC/MS analyses, the alcohols were effectively oxidized into their corresponding aldehydes in satisfactory yields (74–93%). The yield of the obtained aldehydes was increased by applying the ultrasonic irradiation technique, and no over-oxidation products were found. Overall, the innovative procedure offers several benefits, such as being easy to use, environmentally friendly, capable of improving yields, and having shorter oxidation times.
Synthesis of Oil Palm Fronds Charcoal as Adsorbent to Reduce Levels of Fe (III) in Peat Water
Authors: Zikri Rahmat , Natasyah Evelin , Muhdarina Muhdarina
Published: November 2022

The high content of carbon compounds in palm fronds (OPF) makes them potentially useful as an adsorbent. The carbonization method was used for the adsorbent synthesis process. This process began with collecting palm frond waste and then drying and sifting the adsorbent particle. This process resulted in the escape particles with a size of 80 mesh and suspended particles with 120 mesh. Then this process continued by carbonizing the palm fronds with temperature variations starting from (400, 500, and 600°C) for 60 minutes to obtain Charcoal Oil Palm Fronts (COPF). The obtained COPF was determined for moisture and ash content and characterized using FTIR, XRD, and SEM to determine the surface, functional groups, degree of amorphism, crystallinity, and surface morphology. The adsorption efficiency of COPF was applied to the adsorption of Fe (III) in peat water under varying contact time, adsorbent mass, and peat water volume conditions. The water and ash content of COPF qualify the technical quality requirements for activated charcoal according to SNI 06-3730-1995. FTIR analysis detected the presence of vibrations of the C-O, O-H, C=O, C-C, and C-H functional groups on the COPF surface. The XRD pattern showed the existence of a semi-crystalline (002) and (100) plane structure, which is shown at scattering angles of 2θ = 22o and 42o. The surface morphology of COPF showed that as the carbonization temperature increased, the number of pores formed increased, and the pore size decreased. The best adsorption test results were obtained with a contact time of 30 minutes, an adsorbent mass of 1.00 g, and a peat water volume of 100 mL. The highest Fe adsorption efficiency was achieved by COPF 500, where the adsorbed mass was 0.054 mg. Increasing the carbonization temperature causes the water content to decrease and the ash content to increase. High water content and ash content cause a decrease in adsorption efficiency because they can cover the pores of the adsorbent.
Antisemitismus, Antizionismus und Ausnahmen: positive Bezüge auf Israel und Zionismus von rechts in historischer Perspektive
Authors: Schreiter Nikolai
Published: November 2022

This article analyzes the turn towards Israel in parts of the German and Austrian extreme right since 2010 in a historical perspective. Both political parties in the focus of the analysis, AfD and FPÖ, and the extreme right in general have a history of antisemitism, antizionism and hostility towards Israel and Zionism. After establishing antizionism as an inherent part of antisemitism almost from its outset, several exceptions from this rule are analyzed with respect to the relationship of the two. All of the introduced positive references towards Zionism and Israel from an antisemitic background will turn out to be based on antisemitic images of Jews, Zionism and the State of Israel. They fulfill a certain end to antisemitism itself, its denial and its bearers, and thus serve the preservation of the ideology rather than, as has been suggested, marking an end to antisemitism or being solely strategically motivated.
Realism after Ukraine: A Critique of Geopolitical Reason from Monroe to Mearsheimer
Authors: Specter Matthew
Published: November 2022

This article seeks to historicize both the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 and the debate on realism occasioned by Russian aggression in Ukraine since 2014. Using the research of Gerard Toal on Russia’s construction of its security interests in the post-Soviet spaces that include Ukraine, the article argues that neorealist geopolitical explanations fail to do justice to the roles of contingency and culture in setting Russia’s so-called ‘red lines.’ It also identifies an agency problem in realism: realists not only fail to do justice to the agency of small states like Ukraine in this conflict but elide the moral and practical agency of decisionmakers like Russian President Vladmir Putin. The article also suggests that the current realism debate is the tip of an iceberg: realism has long had a problem specifying the relation of its theory to its practice. The article concludes by discussing the long shadow of 19th century imperial history over contemporary discussions of spheres of influence and great power status.
Aggravated renal fibrosis is positively associated with the activation of HMGB1-TLR2/4 signaling in STZ-induced diabetic mice
Authors: Yuan Yan , Liu Yuanxia , Sun Mengyao , Ye Huijing , Feng Yuchen , Liu Zhenzhen , Pan Lingyu , Weng Hongbo
Published: November 2022

Diabetic kidney dysfunction is closely associated with renal fibrosis. Although the suppression of fibrosis is crucial to attenuate kidney damage, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, renal injury in diabetic mice was induced by the intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (100 or 150 mg/kg) for 2 consecutive days. In the model mice, remarkable renal injury was observed, manifested by albuminuria, swelling of kidneys, and histopathological characteristics. The renal fibrosis was obviously displayed with high-intensity staining of fibrin, type IV collagen (Col IV), and fibronectin. The levels of Col IV and transforming growth factor-β1 were significantly increased in diabetic mice kidneys. The aggravated fibrotic process was associated with the overexpression of HMGB1, TLR2/4, and p-NF-κB. Furthermore, a high expression of F4/80 and CD14 indicated that macrophage infiltration was involved in perpetuating inflammation and subsequent fibrosis in the kidneys of diabetic mice. The results demonstrate that the severity of renal fibrosis is positively associated with the activation of HMGB1/TLR2/4 signaling in diabetes.
Wigner-Ville distribution and ambiguity function associated with the quaternion offset linear canonical transform
Authors: Bhat Mohammad Younus , Almanjahie Ibrahim M. , Dar Aamir H. , Dar Javid G.
Published: November 2022

Wigner-Ville transform or Wigner-Ville distribution (WVD) associated with quaternion offset linear canonical transform (QOLCT) was proposed by Bhat and Dar. This work is devoted to the development of the theory proposed by them, which is an emerging tool in the scenario of signal processing. The main contribution of this work is to introduce WVD and ambiguity function (AF) associated with the QOLCT (WVD-QOLCT/AF-QOLCT). First, the definition of the WVD-QOLCT is proposed, and then several important properties such as dilation, nonlinearity, and boundedness are derived. Second, we derived the AF for the proposed transform. A bunch of important properties, including the reconstruction formula associated with the AF, are studied.
The status of nominal sub-categories: Exploring frequency densities of plural -s
Authors: Rauhut Alexander
Published: November 2022

Plurale-tantum nouns (scissors, leggings, glasses) are an example of the systematic lack of an unmarked form of a lexeme. In contrast to singulare-tantum nouns, most notably mass nouns, this systematicity is mostly restricted to individual lexemes and analogously related ones (trousers, pants, knickers). It remains an open question whether there is any functionally motivated nominal subclass that goes beyond smaller lexical fields. The main goal of this paper is to estimate whether such extreme proportions in the absence or presence of inflectional markers cause distinctly high concentrations of lexemes, i.e. nominal subclasses. In a first step, the probabilities for a lemma to occur with plural -s were bootstrapped with replacement. Secondly, the bootstrapped data was equally split into 10 strata at varying inflection probabilities. Homonyms and polysemes that differ in their probability to be inflected are thus disambiguated. For each stratum, type frequencies were extrapolated by means of LNRE models. The same process was repeated for reference data sets containing verbal -ed and -ing. The bootstrapped data showed that frequency and proportion of inflection reveal clusters likely to represent different polysemes or homonyms. The type frequencies of the partially disambiguated singulare-tantum nouns turned out to be clearly distinct. However, for the plurale-tantum nouns, the extrapolated type frequencies were only marginally higher than those of the other suffixes, which are not usually thought to have a tantum-like subcategory.
No big deal: Situation-backgrounding uses of the Polish dative reflexive pronoun sobie/se
Authors: Wyroślak Piotr
Published: November 2022

The aim of this paper is to work towards an account of the multiple functions of the Polish dative reflexive pronoun sobie/se in spontaneous spoken discourse. Although typically used for recipient-beneficiary marking, sobie/se fulfills a wide range of semantico-pragmatic functions, comparable to ‘ethical datives’ found across many languages. Using corpus data from spontaneous spoken registers, I analyze the potential of sobie/se to be used in situation-backgrounding functions, focusing specifically on (i) scale-lowering and normalization, (ii) generic situations and ordinariness, (iii) narrative uses. In order to explore the relations between the marker and these situation-backgrounding functions, I present a quantitative, exploratory study comparing the uses of the state/posture verb siedzieć ‘to sit’ with and without sobie/se. The results suggest that narrative and generic uses are compatible with sobie/se – yet, at the same time, restricted to specific types of genericity and narrativity. On the methodological level, the results demonstrate that quantitative empirical analyses can be successfully employed in semantico-pragmatic analyses of constructions in spoken discourse, making it possible for researchers to elaborate and falsify their qualitative results.