bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rewriting Concepts Using Terminologies - Revisited
Authors:   Aachen University of Technology, Baader Franz , Küsters Ralf , Molitor Ralf
Published: April 2022

Please download the revised version LTCS-00-04 containing revised proofs of the technical results.An abridged version of this report appeared in the Proceedings of the International Conference on Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KR'2000). The problem of rewriting a concept given a terminology can informally be stated as follows: given a terminology T (i.e., a set of concept definitions) and a concept description C that does not contain concept names defined in T , can this description be rewritten into a 'related better' description E by using (some of) the names defined in T ? In this paper, we first introduce a general framework for the rewriting problem in description logics, and then concentrate on one specific instance of the framework, namely the minimal rewriting problem (where 'better' means shorter, and 'related' means equivalent). We investigate the complexity of the decision problem induced by the minimal rewriting problem for the languages FL0, ALN, ALE, and ALC, and then introduce an algorithm for computing (minimal) rewritings for the languages ALE and ALN. Finally, we sketch other interesting instances of the framework. Our interest for the minimal rewriting problem stems from the fact that algorithms for non-standard inferences, such as computing least common subsumers and matchers, usually produce concept descriptions not containing defined names. Consequently, these descriptions are rather large and hard to read and comprehend. First experiments in a chemical process engineering application show that rewriting can reduce the size of concept descriptions obtained as least common subsumers by almost two orders of magnitude.
ФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА ОРОШАЕМЫХ ПОЧВ ЧИРЧИКСКОГО БАССЕЙНА
Authors: Курвантаев Р.К. , Халилова З.Ф.
Published: April 2022

В статье изложены физические свойства орошаемых почв различного типа распространённых в Чирчикском бассейне. Удельная масса почв бассейна колеблется от 2,52 до 2,71 г/см3. Оптимальные величины по плотности сложения (1,13–1,38 г/см3) и высокая общая порозность было отмечено на орошаемых типичных сероземах и серозёмно-луговых почвах (50–56 %).
THE WORD IS AS A SYMBOL IN SPIRITUAL LIFE OF KYRGYZ PEOPLE
Authors: Исаков К.А. , Осмонова Н.И. , Жумабай у.А.
Published: April 2022

Слово как символ, согласно мифологическому символизму, являясь неотъемлемым способом познания и освоения мира, способом организации реальности и формой ее первичного самоосознания, отличения «своего» от «чужого», «освоенного» от «неосвоенного», представляет собой органическое слияние слова и обозначаемой им вещи, символа и символизируемого, означающего и означаемого, знака и денотата, которое проявляется в так называемой «вербальной магии», или в вере в действенность слова. Эта статья посвящен раскрытию магического, перформативного, социального и духовного значения слова как символа и способа хранения и трансляции сакральной информации в ритуально-языковой практике кыргызов.

The word as a symbol, according to mythological symbolism, being an integral way of knowing and mastering the world, a way of organizing reality and a form of its primary self-awareness, distinguishing «ours» from «others», «mastered» from «unassimilated», is an organic fusion of the word and denoted by the things, symbol and symbolized, signifier and signified, sign and denotation, which manifests itself in the so-called «verbal magic», or in the belief in the efficacy of the word. This article is devoted to the disclosure of the magical, performative, social and spiritual meaning of the word as a symbol and way of storing and transmitting sacred information in the ritual and linguistic practice of the Kyrgyz.
Polyester-Tethered Near-Infrared Fluorophores Confined in Colloidal Nanoparticles: Tunable Excitonic Coupling and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Wang Mingfeng , Yang Cangjie , Zhang Wei , Pang Xin , Xiao Fan , Kalva Sandeep Kumar , Zhang Yipeng , Pramanik Manojit , Tian Leilei , Liu Gang
Published: April 2022

Intricate assembly of multiple molecular chromophores assisted by protein scaffolds is essential in tuning the optical absorption and energy transfer in the light-harvesting complexes of the photosynthetic systems in nature. However, it remains a challenge to achieve such structural complexity and functionality in synthetic polymer-chromophore systems. Here we report a series of polyester-tethered pyrrolopyrrole cyanine derivatives and their colloidal nanoparticles dispersed in water, which show tunable J- or H-aggregation excitonic coupling and near-infrared fluorescence by precise control of the polymer chain lengths, composition, and temperature. Moreover, the optimal fluorescence or photothermal effect of the J-aggregates nanoparticles enables broad applications in fluorescence or photoacoustic bioimaging and phototherapy.
Remote C(sp3)—H insertion into non-activated bonds: rapid construction of an added-value molecular diverse library
Authors: Miguélez Rubén , Rodríguez-Arias Carlos , Mykhailiuk Pavel , González José M. , Barrio Pablo
Published: April 2022

The synthesis of added-value compounds from raw feedstock materials represents one of the major challenges in synthetic organic chemistry. By using a well-defined intramolecular C—H insertion reaction, it is possible to transform a number of raw feedstock compounds into a library of molecularly complex and diverse compounds. In addition, these compounds display a C—Br bond amenable for further functionalization. A preliminary mechanistic study supports the participation of an elusive gold (I) vinylidene complex as key intermediate of the reaction. The most salient feature of this methodology is the ability to functionalize in a predictable way non-activated C—H bonds without any sort of electronic, geometric or conformational bias.
Reductive anti-dimagnesiation and dialumination of alkynes: Synthesis and reactions of trans-1,2-dimetalloalkenes
Authors: Takahashi Fumiya , Kurogi Takashi , Yorimitsu Hideki
Published: April 2022

Given the great significance of polar reactive organometallic species in synthesis for more than one century, generation and use of stereodefined 1,2-dimetallated alkenes should be fascinating yet has been very challenging. Here we report reductive anti-1,2-dimetalation of alkynes to easily and stereoselectively generate trans-1,2-dimagnesio- and 1,2-dialuminoalkenes that are difficult to prepare, reasonably stable, and thus useful for organic synthesis. The key for the success is the use of sodium dispersion as a powerful reducing agent and organomagnesium and organoaluminum halides as reduction-resistant electrophiles counterintuitively. Highly nucleophilic 1,2-dimagnesioalkenes serve as dual Grignard reagents and react with various electrophiles to afford anti-difunctionalized alkenes. Interestingly, 1,2-dialuminoalkenes react with paraformaldehyde with dearomatization of the aryl moieties to form the corresponding dearomatized 1,4-diols, the overall reaction being regarded as alkynyl-directed dearomatization of arenes. Our anti-1,2-dimetalation including structural and computational investigation provides a new powerful tool and unique insight in the development of organometallic chemistry and organic synthesis.
Link-INVENT: Generative Linker Design with Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Guo Jeff , Knuth Franziska , Margreitter Christian , Janet Jon Paul , Papadopoulos Kostas , Engkvist Ola , Patronov Atanas
Published: April 2022

In this work, we present Link-INVENT as an extension to the existing de novo molecular design platform REINVENT. We provide illustrative examples on how Link-INVENT can be applied on fragment linking, scaffold hopping, and PROTACs design case studies where the desirable molecules should satisfy a combination of different criteria. With the help of Reinforcement Learning, the agent used by Link-INVENT learns to generate favourable linkers connecting molecular subunits that satisfy diverse objectives, facilitating practical application of the model for real-world drug discovery projects. We also introduce a range of linker-specific objectives in the scoring function of REINVENT. The code is freely available at https://github.com/MolecularAI/Reinvent.
Common neuropsychological assessment measures as performance indicators in neuropsychological rehabilitation: An exploratory correlational study
Authors: Mendes Liliana , Dores Artemisa , Carvalho Irene , Barbosa Fernando
Published: April 2022

This study aims to identify neuropsychological assessment measures that can better guide the selection and difficulty level adjustment of neuropsychological rehabilitation tasks for patients with acquired brain injury. Eight patients with acquired brain injury were recruited from one rehabilitation institution. The neuropsychological protocol included standard neuropsychological tests targeting attention, memory, and executive functions. After the assessment, the patients enrolled in an intensive online cognitive neuropsychological rehabilitation training program (80 sessions of 49 cognitive training and 31 affective and psychosocial intervention sessions). The association between the assessment results and the training outcomes was measured to explore which measures were better associated with specific training outcomes. This study suggests that the results of specific conventionally administered neuropsychological tests can be good indicators of the patients’ performance in the cognitive training of attention and working memory. On the other hand, none of the tests provided valuable data regarding the patients’ ability to perform the executive functioning training tasks, perhaps because those appeal to everyday situations, which are not adequately represented in the administered tests. More research is needed, especially regarding the executive function.
Quasi-likelihood Estimation in Fractional Levy SPDEs from Poisson Sampling
Authors: Bishwal Jaya P. N.
Published: April 2022

We study the quasi-likelihood estimator of the drift parameter in the stochastic partial differential equations driven by a cylindrical fractional Levy process when the process is observed at the arrival times of a Poisson process. We use a two stage estimation procedure. We first estimate the intensity of the Poisson process. Then we plug-in this estimate in the quasi-likelihood to estimate the drift parameter. We obtain the strong consistency and the asymptotic normality of the estimators.
Occurrence Of Tar Pollution Along Some Shores In Indonesia
Authors: Prasetyo J. Bilal B , M. Joanny G. Bodennec L. Loubersac
Published: April 2022

Four typicul Indonesian costr : Jakarta Bay, Malacea and Makussar Strats, as well as South coart of Yogyakurta, Central Java, were nurveyed in August 1982 and May 1984 with the purpose of assessing, quantifying and identifying tar stranded thereon. The estimution of tar pollution was determined using a typical statistical methodology bated on a stratifled rundom sampling Quantitative beach sampling conducted in Augar 1982 during the East monuoon season yielded avenage stranded beach tar concentrations nanging from less than 1 gim to about 2.800gim (values in grost weight) of shoreline. The vuhuer obtutned in May 1984 after the West monsoon ranged between 2,8 and 9.500 g/m. In the two nunveys, the most polhuted area was located in the Kepulaun Seribu area (Jaharta Ray) Average tar weight of over 2 kaim beach are comparuble to that of other couut along major tanker routes as Kuwait or Benmuda Obuerved tur pollution in Aulae Kapal Besar , labon Kecil, Nirup, Pelampong and Takong Kecl (in the Straits of Malacca) and Langga Beach (on the Straits of Makussar) war lower during these nurveys. The reason why inapite of such dense marine traffic is not clear, until one examines the internal current circulation between the islands, the local geopaphical feutwes of the site and preferen tial wind directions.
Técnica de entrenamiento en habilidades sociales y factores de riesgo en adolescentes con adicción a la marihuana: una revisión bibliográfica
Authors: Yaguana García Jenipfer Alexandra , Álvarez Saquinaula Daniel Felipe
Published: April 2022

El presente trabajo se justifica por el déficit de investigaciones que aborda la técnica de entrenamiento en habilidades sociales en adolescentes con adicción a la marihuana, la proliferación de las mismas ayudara a tomar en cuenta los factores que inciden en los adolescentes para que consuman dicha sustancia. La investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar la técnica de entrenamiento en habilidades sociales y factores de riesgo en adolescentes con adicción a la marihuana mediante una revisión bibliográfica. El método que se utilizó fue un diseño cualitativo, descriptivo, no experimental. Obteniendo como resultados los siguientes: de los estudios analizados con respecto a la aplicación de la Técnica de Entrenamiento en Habilidades Sociales en adolescentes con adicción a la marihuana, se ha evidenciado que ejerce efectos significativos en los adolescentes. Por otro lado, los principales factores de riesgo que indicen en el consumo de marihuana es el familiar, individual y los ambientales.
APLIKASI PEMANFAATAN TAWAS DARI LIMBAH KALENG COCACOLA MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT HCl DALAM PROSES PENJERNIHAN AIR LIMBAH
Authors: Setiawan Arif , Azhari Azhari , Masrullita Masrullita , Sylvia Novi , Jalaluddin Jalaluddin
Published: April 2022

Semua kaleng minuman rata-rata terbuat dari aluminium sehingga sangat memungkinkan untuk dimanfaatkan dalam pembuatan tawas. Tawas atau alum adalah suatu senyawa aluminium sulfat dengan rumus kimia [Al2(SO4)212H2O].  Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memanfaatkan kandungan aluminium yang terkandung di dalam kaleng minuman bekas untuk pembuatan tawas kemudian tawas tersebut dimanfaatkan untuk penjernihan air. Pada penelitian ini digunakan konsentrasi HCl 20 % dan H2SO4 9M dan berat sampel 5 gram dimana nilai yield yang diperoleh yaitu 52,36%. Hasil penjernihan air kolam dengan turbidity awal 27,83 NTU dan pH 7,6 pada waktu 1 jam dan massa tawas 0,5 gr didapat turbidity 17,40 NTU dan pH 3,9 tetapi dari penelitian ini hasil penjernihan air yang terbaik yaitu pada dosis tawas 0,5 gr dengan waktu penjernihan 2,5 jam.
Reconstitution of an Absence: The Jewish Community of Alba Iulia in the Context of Urban Development
Authors:   Dumitran Daniel, Dumitran Daniel , Borșan Tudor
Published: April 2022

The study addresses the issue of reconstituting the heritage of the Jewish community in Alba Iulia (Romania), starting from several documentary and topographical sources from the first part of the 20th century. The choice of this case study is justified by the importance of the city for the history of Jews in Romania, as the only city in Transylvania (historical province integrated into Romania in 1918) where Jews received the right to settle as early as the 17th century. The main documentary source used is a list of Jewish properties in Alba Iulia declared confiscated in 1941, in the context of the anti-Semitic policy promoted by the regime of Marshal Ion Antonescu (Leader of the Romanian state during 1940-1944). Correlating it with the cadastral plan of the city drafted in 1914 and applying the georeferencing method reconstitutes the position of the still existing buildings and those that disappeared as a result of the systematization policy during the communist regime, in the central area of the city. A more complex approach is also proposed, based on the use of the GIS methodology, whereby the topographic information can be associated with the documentary and epigraphic sources referring to the Jewish cemetery in the city. The issue of the relevance of the Jewish heritage for the current urban strategy is also discussed, starting from the city’s development documents in force.
“If I don’t smoke shisha, I won’t be able to sleep”: lived experiences of high school students in Ethiopia
Authors: Hirpa Selamawit , Dobbie Fiona , Fogarty Andrew , Addissie Adamu , Kaba Mirgissa , Frese Thomas , Unverzagt Susanne , Kantelhardt Eva Johanna , Siddiqi Kamran , Bauld Linda , Deressa Wakgari
Published: April 2022

Background

Shisha smoking predisposes the users to cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and infections, such as tuberculosis, hepatitis, and herpes. In Ethiopia, there is little data on the adolescents’ shisha smoking experience. This study aimed to explore the lived experience of high school students and inform ongoing and future prevention and control interventions.

Methods

This study was conducted in Addis Ababa and Adama cities in Ethiopia. Twenty-five secondary school students aged 15-22 years who had shisha smoking experience participated in this study. A topic guide was used to facilitate the in-depth interviews (IDIs) and a digital audio recorder recorded the interviews. Interviews varied between 40-90 minutes and were conducted in private open-air spaces where only the interviewee and researcher were present. Each transcript was coded using Atlas.ti version 8 software. The analytical approach was iterative, with interview transcripts analyzed at the time of coding and re-analyzed after a preliminary result was drafted to search for additional themes.

Results

Students described two key factors that influenced their decision to initiate shisha smoking: peer influence and perceiving it as a means to release stress. After initiating shisha use students maintained the behaviour because of: peer influence, khat chewing, enjoyment of shisha smoking, having prolonged leisure time, and accessibility to shisha. Students regretted the impact shisha use had on their lives, such as conflict with their families, poor academic performance, and spending money on shisha smoking. Female students were also concerned about reproductive health risks related to shisha use.

Conclusions

Peer influence played a major role both in initiating and maintaining shisha use. However, students admitted concern over the impact of shisha smoking on academic performance and their relationship with their families. Since shisha use is associated with khat chewing; shisha smoking control programs cannot be successful without controlling khat. Especially young girls had worries about their reproductive health risks associated with shisha use. This suggests that targeted awareness raising programs highlighting the dangers of shisha use for both health and safety; especially for young women is required.
COVID-19 and the fear of other unknowns: challenges and lessons learned from a digital contact tracing activity in the Rohingya camps in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmed Adeepto I. , Kaiser Adrita , Jayal Gayatri , Lesh Neal , Hasan Md. Mahmudul , Rashid Sabina F. , Hasan Md. Tanvir
Published: April 2022

Contact tracing can play an important role in controlling infectious disease outbreaks such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Containing the spread of COVID-19 is crucial in humanitarian settings such as in the Rohingya camps in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. This manuscript describes the COVID-19 contact tracing activities undertaken by a group of researchers and implementers in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. The paper details the design and development of the Commcare ‘Contact tracing and case monitoring app’, subsequent implementation of the contact tracing activity, challenges faced during the implementation process, and the strategies adopted by the research team to overcome these challenges. The research team leveraged the suite of template applications for COVID-19 response developed by Dimagi in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Research partners organized a series of brainstorming meetings and workshops with relevant stakeholders to finalize the ‘COVID- 19 contact tracing and case monitoring app’ for final implementation. This app was implemented in 10 Rohingya camps from Ukhiya and Teknaf sub-districts of Cox’s Bazar for 4.5 months from 1st January 2021 to 15th May 2021. Due to a restriction on internet availability in the Rohingya camps by the government of the host country, the research team had to adopt a manual approach to implement the contact tracing activity. During these 4.5 months, 249,452 individuals from 10 Rohingya camps were screened for COVID-19 case registration. Of all the screened individuals, 431 were identified as COVID suspected cases, and 77 were identified as confirmed cases. The research team experienced several implementation challenges such as inexperience of contact tracers with the nature of the work, convincing the community to register in a digital system, obtaining information around COVID-19 symptoms, and many cultural, linguistic, gender, and other social barriers. The team adopted challenge-specific mitigation strategies for the effective implementation of the activity. The modalities of operation adopted by the team engaged with this present intervention to overcome the difficulties experienced in its conduction can hopefully provide some guidance to future parties attempting to conduct similar activities in complex humanitarian settings.
Assessment of the health risk in rats of the pyrrolizidine alkaloids of Vernonia amygdalina Del. used by hepatic patients before their hospitalization at the University Hospital Center (UHC) of Cocody (Côte d’Ivoire)
Authors: Brahima Kandé  , Emile Allah-Kouadio  , Desirée Marhe Ursule Djedjagne  , Bernard Yao Kouassi  , Witabouna Mamidou Koné
Published: April 2022

Vernonia amygdalina is a medicinal plant used in Côte d'Ivoire for the treatment of various diseases, such as malaria and diabetes. This work evaluated the health risk related to the presence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in this plant consumed by liver diseases patients before hospitalization in the department of Medicine and Hepato-gastroenterology at the University Hospital Center of Cocody. The biochemical parameters of the hepatic functions of wistar rats were accessed under repeated administration of the aqueous total extract (EAVA) and pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) enriched extract (EEPAs) prepared from the leaves. Fourty rats were divided into eight groups of five rats each. The doses were 6.25; 12.5; 25 and 50 mg/Kg body weight (BW) for EAVA and 3; 6 and 9 mg/Kg BW for EEPAs during 14 days, twice per days. The results showed a significant increase in transaminase and specific liver protein concentrations, regardless of the type of extracts. High significant increase (p < 0.05) in ALT concentrations was observed with EEPAs. The values were respectively 195.825 IU/L at 3 mg/Kg BW, 215.354 IU/L at 9 mg/Kg BW and 234.748 IU/L at 6 mg/Kg BW. In the control group, a concentration of 84.304 IU/L was recorded. No significant difference between concentrations of ALT of rats treated with EAVA and control groups (p > 0.05). At 50 mg/Kg BW, the concentration was 88.548 IU/L, compared to control group (84.304 IU/L). These results showed a potential exposure of populations to toxic compounds, due to risk related to the consumption of this medicinal plant.
Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of gram-negative bacteria isolated from apron and tables of meat vendors in Elele Market, Rivers State
Authors: Chinedu Joseph Ikem  , Ifeanyichukwu Favour Monyei  , Ben Enoluomen Ehigiator  , Israel Kevin Umana  , Osinachi Anthony Unegbu
Published: April 2022

Because of poor sanitary practices and a lack of knowledge about proper hygiene, meat vendors' aprons and tables could be potential sources of cross-infection of many public health bacteria. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of gram-negative bacteria isolates obtained from meat vendors' aprons and tables. 100 fresh swabs from meat vendors' aprons and tables were streaked on Eosin methylene blue, Cetrimide, and MacConkey agar and identified by the biochemical test. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern was evaluated on Mueller Hinton agar using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: Out of the 100 samples processed, 66 Gram-negative bacteria were isolated. Klebsiella pneumoniae (74.24%) was the dominant gram-negative isolates, followed by E. coli (18.18%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.55%), and Proteus sp (3.03%) respectively. The isolates from the tables recorded 100% resistance to Erythromycin and Cloxacillin with the highest sensitivity to Ofloxacin (66.7%) followed by Gentamicin (50%) while the isolates from aprons were 100% resistant to Augmentin and Cloxacillin followed by cefuroxime (93.3%) and Erythromycin (90%) with the highest sensitivity to Ofloxacin (100%) followed by Gentamicin (33.3%). This study confirmed the presence of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria on the apron, and the levels of contamination detected on the aprons and tables used by meat vendors in Elele market presented an inadequate microbiological standard and quality. It is critical to implement proper orientation and workshops to educate meat vendors on standard practices to be followed when handling meat.
The effectiveness of I-Waris application to increase inheritance understanding based on Islamic law
Authors: Kosim Kosim
Published: April 2022

One of the important parts that need to be taught by Muslims to organize their lives according to the Al-Qur'an is inheritance. Studying inheritance based on Islamic law is not easy. Some students reacted that learning about inheritance was confusing. However, advances in technology require humans to develop. With the impact of technological advances, humans can create I-Waris as one of the inheritance learning solutions. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the application of I-Waris in increasing the understanding of inheritance based on Islamic law. This research method is pre-experimental. The sample consisted of 38 students majoring in Constitutional Law (HTN), odd semester of the 2021-2022 academic year, IAIN Syekh Nurjati Cirebon, Indonesia. Analysis of the effectiveness of the I-Waris application was measured using the N-Gain value. The results of this study indicate that the I-Waris application is effective in increasing Islamic-based understanding of inheritance. In addition, it motivates students' learning enthusiasm.
Analisis Doktrin Perang Yang Adil (Just War ) dalam Kasus Serangan Siber Rusia Terhadap Georgia Tahun 2008
Authors: Yuliantiningsih Aryuni
Published: April 2022

Cyberwarfare is a warfare  with information technology that has developed. It has not been  regulated in humanitarian law. Cyber attacks have been carried out by several countries by ignoring the Just War Theory. This  article aims to analyze the implementation of the Just War theory in cyber warfare according to international humanitarian law in the case of conflict between the Russian and Georgia in 2008. The research method use the normative juridical and  using secondary data sources. Qualitative data using deductive conclusion method. Based on the research results, it is known that the just  war theory including jus ad bellum, jus in bello and jus post bellum is not applied in cyberwarfare. The Russian’s cyber attack against Georgia violates the distiction principle , the principle of proportionality and the principles of proportionality. The losses incurred as a result of cyberattacks are not compensated by Russia.Keywords: just war, cyber attack, Russia, Humanitarian law.
Health Workers Handling Covid-19, Heroes Without Protection?
Authors: Amnesti Sheila Kusuma Wardani
Published: April 2022

In recent months the world has faced a serious case in the form of the Covid-19 pandemic. All work together in order to reduce the number of increasing cases of Covid-19. Including among them is the state of Indonesia. Where Indonesia is slowly but surely increasing the number of victims from both ordinary people and medical personnel. The mortality ratio is 8%. Some of the deaths were due to Covid-19 medical personnel. The ratio of the death rate due to Covid 19 in Indonesia is recorded as the highest in the Southeast Asia region. Medical personnel are a profession where handling Covid-19 is at the forefront. However, the Indonesian government has not been able to meet the needs of medical personnel in order to serve or treat positive COVID-19 patients. Several government referral hospitals for covid-19 patients do not yet have sufficient medical equipment such as PPE, N95 Mask, Hand Sanitazer and others. This of course is not in accordance with Law Number 36 of 2014 concerning health workers. The research method used in this article is a normative research approach with a statute approach. The purpose of writing this scientific article is to provide recommendations regarding the government's responsibility for the rights of medical personnel as stipulated in Law Number 36 of 2004 concerning Health Workers.Keywords: Health Workers, Covid-19, Legal Protection
Urgensi Pembaharuan Hukum Mengenai Perlindungan Data Pribadi E-Commerce di Indonesia
Authors: Sangojoyo Bram Freedrik , Kevin Aurelius , Sunlaydi David Brilian
Published: April 2022

E-commerce in Indonesia is increasing, especially since the Covid-19 pandemic. Electronic transactions run effectively and efficiently because there are facilities in the e-commerce platform that provide a variety of products to help people meet their daily needs. The use of e-commerce platforms requires all users to register first using their name, phone number, e-mail, and some other personal data before they can take advantage of the facility. Unfortunately, there are cases of data leaks that are massively done by taking data contained in the e-commerce platform and sold freely on illegal websites. One of the factors that influence the occurrence of data leaks is the absence of comprehensive rules governing the protection of personal data in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to analyze the form of the legal protection of personal data of e-commerce users in Indonesia and see the comparison of personal data protection laws in Indonesia with those in Malaysia and Singapore. The results explained that there are regulations in the form of ministerial regulations governing the protection of personal data electronically, but the rules do not provide data protection expressly and far behind the rules in some ASEAN countries such as Malaysia and Singapore, so there needs to be a renewal of the law regarding data protection in Indonesia by issuing regulations at the level of laws as regulated and implemented. n in the Personal Data Protection Act of Malaysia and Singapore which also conform to EU GDPR rules. It aims to tighten the security of data managed by private parties and impose strict sanctions on anyone who accesses, collects, and transports data in an unauthorized or unlawful manner.Keywords: Personal Data Protection, e-Commerce, Legal Renewal
A Review on the Phytochemical and Pharmacological Activitities of Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb.
Authors: Harfiani Erna , Pradana Dhigna Citra , Yusmaini Hany
Published: April 2022

Indonesia is a country with a tropical climate, so it can be a place to live for various plants in the world. The use of plants in Indonesia as an alternative treatment requires a lot of research because many plants have not been studied for their chemical compounds and pharmacological effects. Ethnopharmacological studies of a plant can be the basis for medicinal plant research. Empirically, Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb. (angled luffa, gambas) is a plant that has various therapeutic benefits. This study aimed to determine pharmacognostic properties (macroscopic and microscopic fradments of crude drugs), chemical compound content, and pharmacological activity of L. acutangula extract in literature studies. Literature searching were performed by online searching using Google Scholar, Science Direct, and PubMed as the databases. L. acutangula has been used empirically in Indonesia for helping in the treatment of various diseases. The phytochemical content of L. acutangula extract will affect its pharmacological activity. Phytochemical analysis of L. acutangula leaf powder, namely there are chemical compounds of alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, carbohydrates, amino acids, and lipids. Analysis of the ethanol extract of L. acutangula contained chemical compounds of alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, carbohydrates, and steroids. Analysis of the aqueous extract of L. acutangula contained alkaloids, saponins, carbohydrates, terpenoids, and triterpenoids. The pharmacological activities of L. acutangula included antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, gastroprotective, immunomodulatory, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-thyroid. L. acutangula which contain various phytochemical compounds is potentially to be further studied to develop its pharmacological benefits.
Evaluasi Perencanaan dan Pengadaan Obat di Era Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) di Puskesmas Kabupaten Cianjur
Authors: Anggriani Yusi , Rosdiana Rina , Khairani Sondang
Published: April 2022

Perencanaan diperlukan untuk menentukan jenis dan jumlah obat yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Pengadaan merupakan tahapan selanjutnya untuk merealisasikan kebutuhan obat, sehingga obat dapat tersedia dengan efektif dan efisien. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui kesesuaian perencanaan dan pengadaan obat dengan rencana kebutuhan obat, e-catalogue dan Fornas di Puskesmas Kabupaten Cianjur. di Puskesmas Kabupaten Cianjur. Desain penelitian kuantitatif non eksperimental observasional. Data kuantitatif diambil secara retrospektif dari dokumen perenacanan, pengadaaan, dan laporan penggunaan obat di Puskesmas obat tahun 2019. Penelitian dilakukan di 23 Puskesmas yang disampling berdasarkan wilayah secara proporsional, dipilih berdasarkan tipe puskesmas dan jumlah kapitasi pertahun Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan; rata-rata kesesuaian jenis obat di RKO dengan pengadaan obat sebesar 85,90%, kesesuaian jumlah obat di RKO dengan pengadaan sebesar 70,55%, kesesuaian antara pengadaan obat dengan Fornas  sebesar 77,01%. Kesesuaian dana obat yang terdapat dalam RKO dengan pengadaan obat sebesar 95,77%, alokasi dana pengadaan yang terserap sebesar 93,86%, alokasi dana obat sebesar 20,35% dari total dana pelayanan Kesehatan di Puskesmas. Pengadaan obat berdasarkan e-catalogue sistem sebesar 32,44%. Pengadaan obat di Puskesmas Kabupaten Cianjur belum sesuai dengan perencanaan, penggunaan dana JKN yang belum optimal, dan pengadaan obat berdasarkan e-catalogue masih perlu ditingkatkan.
Karakterisasi POC (Pupuk Organik Cair) Berbasis Limbah Dapur Dari Universitas Darussalam Gontor Kampus Putri
Authors: Hamawi Mahmudah , Akhiriana Enik
Published: April 2022

Kitchen waste, either the organic or the inorganic ones, accumulated on landfills causes environmental and health problems. Composting is an alternative that reduces environmental problems while producing Liquid Organic Fertilizers (LOF). This research was aimed to examine the LOF character made of organic kitchen waste from Darussalam Gontor University, Girls Campus. The research was conducted by composting 10 kg of kitchen waste (comprised of banana peel, rotten watermelon, and vegetable waste), 20 liters of rice washing water, 10 kg of eggshell, 1 kg of sugar, 1 liter of EM4 (decomposing microorganism), and 80 liters of water. The liquid fertilizer produced was analyzed physically, namely from the color, smell, and presence of insect larvae. Chemical analysis was carried out for the content of C-organic, organic matter N, P, and K). C-organic and other organic matter content were analyzed using the Walkley & Black method. Total N content was analyzed using the Kjeldahl method. The content of P and K were analyzed by the extraction method of HNO3 and HClO4. The liquid fertilizer produced was yellowish-brown in color, did not have a bad smell, and did not contain insect larvae. Its nutrient content, respectively C-organic, other organic matters, N, P, and K were 0.74%; 1.27%; 0.13%; 0.015%; and 0.10%. The fertilizer produced had not met the standards of the Ministry of Agriculture No. 261 of 2019. Further studies are needed with the addition of animal manure and the composition of the ratio of organic matter to water. Limbah organik dapur yang dibuang di tempat pembuangan akhir (TPA) menimbulkan permasalahan lingkungan dan kesehatan. Pengomposan sebagai salah satu alternatif mengurangi masalah lingkungan dari limbah organik dapur dan menghasilkan POC (Pupuk Organik Cair). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji karakter POC limbah organik dapur dari Universitas Darussalam Gontor Kampus Putri. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara mengomposkan limbah dapur 10 kg (kulit pisang, semangka busuk dan limbah sayuran), air cucian beras 20 L, cangkang telur 10 kg, gula 1 kg, EM4 1 L dan air 80 L. POC yang dihasilkan dianalisa secara fisik (warna, bau dan kehadiran larva serangga) dan analisa kimia (kandungan C-organik, bahan organik, N, P dan K). Kandungan C-organik dan Bahan organik dianalisa dengan metode Walkley & Black. Kandungan N total dianalisa dengan menggunakan metode Kjeldhal. Kandungan P dan K dianalasi dengan metode ekstraksi HNO3 dan HClO4. POC yang dihasilkan berwarna coklat kekuningan, tidak berbau busuk dan tidak mengandung larva serangga. Kandungan unsur hara POC yaitu: C organik 0,74%; bahan organik 1,27%; N 0,13%; P 0,015%; K 0,10%. POC yang dihasilkan belum memenuhi standar Permentan No. 261 Tahun 2019, sehingga perlu kajian lebih lanjut dengan komposisi penambahan kotoran hewan dan komposisi perbandingan bahan organik dengan air.
FORMASI KEKUASAAN BIROKRAT GARIS DEPAN DALAM IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM BANTUAN STIMULA PERUMAHAN SWADAYA BAGI MASYARAKAT BERPENGHASILAN RENDAH DI KABUPATEN MANGGARAI TIMUR
Authors: Ethelbert Yohanes Kornelius , Margono Subando Agus , Pratama Muhammad Rizki
Published: April 2022

Abstrak Menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif, penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi terbentuknya power street level bureaucrats dalam implementasi program Bantuan Stimulan Perumahan Swadaya bagi Masyarakat Berpenghasilan Rendah (MBR) di Kabupaten Manggarai Timur. Penelitian ini berusaha mengisi kekurangan penelitiaan studi implementasi dari perspektif bottom-up di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan street level bureaucrats menggunakan kekuasaan untuk melakukan diskresi sebagai cara mengatasi permasalah di lapangan. Beberapa alasan memicu street level bureaucrats menggunakan kekuasaannya untuk melakukan diskresi: (1) inkonsistensi Pemerintah Pusat terkait besaran dana yang harus diterima masyarakat (2) dana swadaya mandiri penerima bantuan sangat terbatas (3) minimnya kepemilikan KTP (4) infrastruktur yang kurang memadai (5) dukungan kearifan lokal masyarakat di Manggarai Timur dalam menyelesaikan persoalan. Kata Kunci: Birokrat Garis Depan; Kekuasan; Diskresi Abstract This research employed qualitative methods to uncover the power of street level bureaucrats to implement the Incentive for Low-Income Housing Program in the East Manggarai Regency. This research aims to fill a loopholes of implementation study from a bottom-up perspective in Indonesia. The result indicates that street bureaucrats use power to solve the problem by using discretion. There are a variety of reasons that affect the street level bureaucrats who use this power to implement a discretionary policy; (1) central government's inconsistency in the amount of funds for housing incentive recipients. (2) limited personal funds of housing incentive recipients. (3) lack of identity card ownership (4) inadequate infrastructure (5) support from local wisdom of the Manggarai Timur Regency. Keywords: Street Level Bureaucrats; Power; Discretion
Pengaruh Pembelajaran Online terhadap Kemampuan Literasi, Keaktifan, dan Tingkat Pemahaman Mahasiswa pada Mata Kuliah Sains dalam Al-Qurâ€™an di IAIN Tulungagung
Authors: Fahrudin Ahmad , Fauziah Arbaul
Published: April 2022

The covid-19 pandemic affected various sectors, one of them was education. In order to break the covid-19 distribution chain, there was a renewal of the learning method from face-to-face to online methods. The aims of this research were to identify the effect of online learning on literacy skills, activeness, and the level of understanding of students in Science in the Qurâ€™an course at IAIN Tulungagung. The research was conducted using survey and observations methods conducted on students who took the Science in the Qur'an course. The results showed that online learning was able to improve literacy skills and the level of student activity in discussion forums. That were indicated by the statement of 88% of students about an increase in the ability to compose sentences properly and correctly and an increase in the courage to argue in discussion forums. In addition, as many as 67% of students stated that student activity in discussion forums was increasing. However, most of the students stated that in online learning, students' understanding of course material was low.Keyword: activeness, literacy, online learning, understanding Â Pandemi covid-19 berpengaruh terhadap berbagai sektor, salah satunya adalah pendidikan. Dalam rangka pemutusan rantai persebaran covid-19, maka terjadi pembaharuan metode pembelajaran dari metode tatap muka menjadi metode online. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh pembelajaran online terhadap kemampuan literasi, keaktifan, dan tingkat pemahaman mahasiswa pada Mata Kuliah Sains dalam Al-Qurâ€™an di IAIN Tulungagung. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survei dan observasi yang dilakukan terhadap mahasiswa pengambil mata kuliah Sains dalam Al-Qurâ€™an. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran online mampu meningkatkan kemampuan literasi dan tingkat keaktifan mahasiswa dalam forum diskusi. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan pernyataan 88% mahasiswa tentang adanya peningkatan kemampuan dalam menyusun kalimat dengan baik dan benar serta peningkatan keberanian untuk berpendapat dalam forum diskusi. Selain itu, sebanyak 67% mahasiswa menyatakan bahwa keaktifan mahasiswa dalam forum diskusi semakin meningkat. Namun, sebagian besar dari mahasiswa menyatakan bahwa pada pembelajaran online, pemahaman mahasiswa terhadap materi kuliah tergolong rendah.Kata kunci: keaktifan, literasi, pembelajaran online, pemahaman
PERAN ORANG TUA WORK FROM HOME DALAM MEMENUHI HAK PENDIDIKAN ANAK DI ERA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Azhari Hulaimi
Published: April 2022

Peran orang tua sangat membantu anak-anak dalam proses pendampingan belajar di era Covid-19 ini. Pandemi Covid-19 telah mewabah ke seluruh penjuru nusantara sehingga memberikan efek yang cukup besar, termasuk pada sektor pendidikan. Pemerintah memberi kebijakan untuk melaksanakan pembelajaran daring guna memutus penyebaran virus. Pembelajaran secara daring menjadi faktor utama dilaksanakan ulang peran keluarga khususnya peran orang tua. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana peran orang tua work from home dalam melakukan pendampingan pada anak selama pandemi berlangsung yang pada dasarnya menjadi tanggung jawab elemen keluarga khususnya orang tua. Penelitian ini memakai data kualitatif dan berbentuk verbal dengan sumber data bberupa hasil wawancara dan literatur perundang-undangan. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa peran aktif orang tua work from home dalam memenuhi hak pendidikan anak di era pandemi Covid-19 belum sepenuhnya dilaksanakan, karena terdapatbanyak hambatan yang mengiringinya seperti proses belajar anak berbenturan dengan jadwal pekerjaan orang tuanya, sehingga orang tua work from home kurang berpartisipasi dalam melakukan pengawasan serta pendampingan pada proses pembelajaran anak sedang berlangsung.
Upaya Meningkatkan Pemahaman Qawaid Melalui Penggunaan Media Kartu Bagi Siswa Kelas VII MTsN 8 Kediri
Authors: Anisnaini Emmy
Published: April 2022

Abstract: Language learning consist of teaching language rules and language skills wherever students are required to master both. Understanding and mastery of grammatical rules, such as nahwu and shorof are also very necessary in learning Arabic, both in formal and non-formal learning. In the implementation of learning Arabic, there are still problems like some students still find the difficulty of understanding the rules of the Arabic language. This is caused by several factors including the teacher’s methods and techniques in delivering the material that is less varied. In addition, student’s backgrounds are different so that not all off them have Arabic language competence. Likewise for learning Arabic in Qawaid material at MTsN 8 Kediri, especially for class VII-B. Based on the results of observations and pre-test results showedd that student learning outcomes in Qawaid learning were still very low, namely the majority of students scored below 50. This type of research used classroom action research (CAR). Data collection techniques used in the form of tests, observations and documentation. Analysis of the data used is a comparison between test. The number of subjects in this study were 33 subject. The results of this study indicated (1) The need for the use of various methods in order to improve student’s understanding of Arabic subject in general; (2) the word card method is one method that can improve student’s understanding of Qawaid in learning Arabic.Abstrak: Pembelajaran bahasa terdiri atas pengajaran kaidah bahasa dan keterampilan berbahasa dimana siswa dituntut untuk menguasai keduanya. Pemahaman dan penguasaan kaidah tata bahasa, seperti nahwu dan shorof juga sangat diperlukan dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab baik dalam pembelajaran formal maupun non-formal. Dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran bahasa Arab masih ditemui permasalahan di antaranya sebagian siswa masih merasa kesulitan dalam memahami kaidah bahasa Arab. Hal ini disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor di antaranya metode dan teknik guru dalam menyampaikan materi yang kurang variatif. Selain itu, latar belakang siswa berbeda-beda sehingga tidak semuanya memiliki kompetensi bahasa Arab. Begitu juga pada pembelajaraan bahasa Arab pada materi qawaid di MTsN 8 Kediri khususnya kelas VII-B. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan dan hasil pre-test menunjukkan bahwa hasil belajar siswa pada pembelajaran qawaid masih sangat rendah yaitu mayoritas siswa mendapat nilai dibawah 50. Jenis penelitian menggunakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan berupa tes, observasi dan dokumentasi. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah perbandingan antar tes. Jumlah subjek dalam penelitian sebanyak 33 subjek. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan: 1. Perlunya penggunaan metode yang bervariasi agar dapat meingkatkan kemampuan pemahaman siswa terhadap qawaid dalam mata pelajaran bahasa Arab umumnya. 2. Metode kartu kata adalah salah satu metode yang dapat meingkatkan pemahaman siswa terhadap qawaid dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab.