bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Development of New-Generation, Ecofriendly, Heat-Insulation Plastic Foam Based on Carbamide Formaldehyde Resins
Authors: Gerasimenya V.P. , Gumargalieva K.Z. , Zakharov S.V. , Kalinina I.G. , Sobolev L.A.
Published: September 2018

The results of investigations into the development and creation of new-generation heat-insulation material based on ecofriendly carbamide formaldehyde resins (CFRs) created using innovative technologies as a priority in the field of the development of the building industry are set out. The technical data of the developed new equipment, the composition of the film-forming formulations, and the technology for producing ecofriendly open-pore carbamide formaldehyde plastic foam (CFPF) are given. The results of laboratory investigations and tests of the created heat-insulation material are set out. The physicomechanical properties of CFPF of different density are described. As the principal conclusion, the practical significance of the promising ecofriendly heat-insulation materials proposed for application in building and in the restoration of buildings and structures of different designation is briefly substantiated.
The Influence of Modification on the Properties of Epoxy Anhydride Binder and Microplastic Based on It
Authors: Tatarintseva O.S. , Khodakova N.N. , Uglova T.K.
Published: September 2018

An investigation was made of the modifying effect of epoxy oligomer and elastifier (rubber) on the properties of epoxy anhydride binder. The boundary values of modifier content that ensure the most satisfactory combination of processing and mechanical characteristics were determined. A positive effect from modification of the binder was realised in microplastic on basalt roving.
The Properties of a New Biodegradable Composite Material Based on an Acrylic Copolymer and Starch
Authors: Polyakova E.A. , Korotneva I.S. , Turov B.S. , Komin A.V.
Published: September 2018

The paper is devoted to the regulation of the properties of a polymer composite by changing the ratio of components for improving the deformation and mechanical characteristics. Processes of degradation of the material by UV irradiation and air oxygen and methods for stabilising the material are studied.
Additives for Petroleum Products, Based on Copolymers of Higher alkyl (meth)acrylates and N-alkylacrylamides
Authors: Sivokhin A.P. , Kazantsev O.A. , Shirshin K.V. , Arifullin I.R. , Moikin A.A. , Lukonin V.P.
Published: September 2018

It has been shown that the introduction of N-alkylacrylamide units into polymers of higher alkyl (meth)acrylates (with a different composition of the alkyl groups) raises their effectiveness as depressants for paraffin oils, as additives in the low-temperature solution deparaffination of oil fractions, and as viscosity-dispersing additives for petroleum oils.
Prediction of Weld Line Strength in Injection-Moulded Parts Made of Unreinforced Amorphous Thermoplastics
Authors: Onken J. , Hopmann C.
Published: September 2018

In the production of injection-moulded parts, the formation of weld lines is usually unavoidable. These often represent mechanical weaknesses. Currently, however, there are no methods available to parts designers that allow a reliable design of plastics parts while taking account of the mechanical influence of the weld line. A calculation routine for the prediction of weld line strength in unreinforced thermoplastic parts therefore has been developed at the Institute of Plastics Processing (IKV) in Industry and the Skilled Crafts at RWTH Aachen University, Germany. In this routine, a reduction factor for the material strength of the weld lines is calculated based on process data generated in injection-moulding simulations for use in structural simulations. The calculation is based on a physical model of molecular interdiffusion, which has been empirically expanded and calibrated on the basis of experimentally determined data.
The Effect of Paraffin Oil on the Structure of Vulcanisates of Ternary Ethylene Propylene Diene Elastomers
Authors: Solomatin D.V. , Kuznetsova O.P. , Zvereva U.G. , Prut E.V.
Published: September 2018

An investigation was made of the process of vulcanisation of ternary ethylene propylene diene elastomers (SKEPTs) with different contents of paraffin oil. Sol–gel analysis was carried out, and the crosslink density of the obtained vulcanisates was determined. The structure of the obtained vulcanisates was investigated using atomic force microscopy. It was shown that the process of vulcanising SKEPTs proceeds inhomogeneously within the specimen. There are both sparsely and densely crosslinked regions: darker unstructured zones are lightly crosslinked by comparison with the lighter regions. The presence of oil in the rubber promotes a more homogeneous crosslink distribution within the specimen.
New, Highly Structured Carbon Black of the OMCARB Series for Reducing the Hysteresis in Rubber. Part 1. Features of the Structure and Properties of Carbon Black
Authors: Moiseevskaya G.V. , Razd'yakonova G.I. , Petin A.A. , Strizhak E.A.
Published: September 2018

The aim of this work was to study the properties of carbon black CH85 of the OMCARB series and to compare them with the properties of standard carbon blacks N339 and N234. The morphological characteristics, the size distribution of the globules and aggregates, the surface area, the proportion of micropore area, the degree of branching of aggregates, and also the mechanical and chemical properties were measured and calculated. The average size of the aggregates of CH85 is greater than that of N339 and N234, and the aggregates have a more open and branched structure. The iodine adsorption by CH85 is practically the same as that by N339 and lower than that by N234. The low-hysteresis index calculated on the basis of structural data is much better for CH85. This opens up the possibility of using this type of carbon black for the development of elastomeric materials with low hysteresis.
Heat Transfer and Flame Retardant Properties of Silicone Elastomers
Authors: Lehmann K. , Nawracala A.
Published: September 2018

The following article discusses the use of novel compounds from the Tegosil series which are intended to significantly increase the thermal conductivity of HCR- and even LSR-based silicone elastomers or to provide a simple way of improving their flame retardant properties by adding these compounds. Heat transfer characteristics from hot disc testing are presented and the reduced burn time in the UL 94 test demonstrates the improved flame resistance of the resulting elastomer formulations.
Calculating the Tear Strength of Plastics using a Reinforcing Element in the Form of Thin Wire
Authors: Novikov V.V.
Published: September 2018

A method for calculating the tear strength of plastics using a reinforcing element in the form of thin wire is proposed. This method enables the tear strength to be predicted on the basis of the known mechanical properties of the investigated plastic.
Determining the Rheological Parameters of Polyvinyl Chloride, with Change in Temperature Taken into Account
Authors: Dudnik A.E. , Chepurnenko A.S. , Litvinov S.V.
Published: September 2018

A procedure for determining the relaxation constants of material that enter the Maxwell–Gurevich non-linear equation was examined. For recycled polyvinyl chloride, relaxation curves plotted at different temperatures were processed, and the influence of temperature on the relaxation parameters was investigated. For each parameter, an empirical formula was selected to describe its temperature dependence.
Investigating the Electret Properties of Polystyrene and Graphite Composites
Authors: Galikhanov M.F. , Deberdeev R.Ya. , Mochalova E.N.
Published: September 2018

Coronoelectrets based on composites of polystyrene with a conductive filler – graphite – were studied. It was shown that the introduction of up to 8 vol% filler into the polymer raises the level and the time and thermal stability of its electret properties. By controlling the ratio of the components in the composite, it is possible to create electrets with prescribed properties.
The Influence of Temperature on the Copolymerisation of 1,3-butadiene and Styrene using a Modified Lithium-containing Initiating System
Authors: Vagizov A.M. , Khusainova G.R. , Akhmetov I.G. , Sakhabutdinov A.G.
Published: September 2018

The relationships governing 1,3-butadiene copolymerisation in a hexane solvent in the temperature range 30–70°C were studied. The copolymerisation process was initiated by n-butyllithium. A mixture of alkali metal and alkaline earth metal amine-containing alcoholates (AMD) was used as the modifier. The microstructure and macrostructure of the obtained p-SBR specimens were investigated. In p-SBR specimens obtained in the presence of AMD in the investigated temperature range, the distribution of styrene units in block was not found. The introduction of AMD leads to the disappearance of the induction period and to an increase in the copolymerisation rate, i.e. the reactivity of the system increases, and a reduction in temperature accelerates this process. It was shown that, with increase in the process temperature, there is a reduction in the average molecular weights of the copolymer. In the presence of AMD, lowering of the copolymerisation temperature leads to ‘enrichment’ of the butadiene part in 1,2-units (up to 66.3%).
Highly Efficient Mixing with Tangential Internal Mixers
Authors: Jennissen J.
Published: September 2018

Tangential internal mixers have been used successfully for over 100 years to process rubber compounds. Continuous development of the mixer has enabled the mixing process to be made ever more effective. The present article describes an often unexploited potential in terms of process engineering. By deliberately adjusting friction and the position of the rotors, further potential can be leveraged at different mixing stages. This additional function can be retrofitted on to existing lines at reasonable cost. Modern multi-layer power train concepts also help to reduce operating costs for the mixing line.
Hydrolysates of Sulphur-containing Polypeptides (Keratins) as New Ingredients for Polymeric Composite Materials
Authors: Kolotilin D.V. , Potapov E.E. , Reznichenko S.V. , Ermilov V.V. , Prut E.V. , Volik V.G. , Kovaleva A.N. , Popov A.A. , Mastalygina E.E. , Polyakov V.S. , Fedorova T.Yu.
Published: September 2018

In the creation of new polymeric composite materials, the use of biologically active substances, e.g. the hydrolysis products of keratin-containing proteins of different structure, is promising. The possibility of using keratin hydrolysates as modifying additives for improving different properties of various elastomer composites is shown. These are vulcanising agents and vulcanisation accelerators for composite materials based on synthetic polyisoprene; secondary vulcanising agents for elastomer materials based on chlorine-containing rubbers; vulcanisation accelerators for composites. The use of these compounds makes it possible to remove from the composition of materials ecologically harmful components and ingredients that are produced from non-renewable sources of raw material, to solve a number of economic problems, associated, among other things, with the need for import replacement, and also to produce latex composites that in their properties approach latexes of natural rubber.
The Structure of Thermoplastic Vulcanisates Based on Rubbers of Different Polarity and Polypropylene
Authors: Panfilova O.A. , Vol'fson S.I. , Okhotina N.A. , Sabirov R.K. , Baranets I.V.
Published: September 2018

To expand the range of properties and the range of types of thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), materials based on ternary blends of polypropylene and polar and non-polar rubbers were produced and investigated. To obtain blended and dynamically vulcanised materials, one- and two-stage methods were tested. It was established that the best properties are possessed by composites produced using master batches (rubber mixes) based on a thermoplastic vulcanisate (TPV) rubber phase, and to improve the combination of polymers of different polarity, functionalised additives modifying the polypropylene are necessary. Optical microscopy was used to study the influence of compounding factors (the ratio of components of the polymer phase, the presence or absence of compatibilisers) and technological factors (the production method) on the structure and properties both of blended and of dynamically vulcanised TPEs. A study of the morphology of blended and vulcanised TPEs showed that, in all cases, in the polypropylene, which is the dispersion medium, there are areas rich in rubber to different degrees. Here, fragments of polar rubber are found both in the polypropylene and in zones rich in non-polar rubber, and the range of particle sizes of the disperse phase depends on the production method. The introduction of a compatibiliser leads to a considerable increase in the homogeneity of distribution of the components throughout the material, and to a reduction in the size range of the disperse phase and in the thickness of the polypropylene-rich surface layer of the extrudate (strand). In the surface layer of the strands, anisotropy of the polypropylene fibrils is observed in the direction of extrusion.
Non-isothermal Flow of Viscoelastic Elastomer Composites in a Converging Channel
Authors: Baranov A.V.
Published: September 2018

Highly filled polymer composites are very widely used in different processes of modern industry, and therefore the investigation of the flow of such media in different channels of processing equipment is being paid a great deal of attention. A mathematical model of the non-isothermal flow of a Newtonian fluid in a converging plane channel is presented. All the important factors that must be taken into account in the development of the model are noted. Many assumptions are made on the basis of the fact that flow occurs at low Reynolds numbers and high Peclet numbers. As the rheological model, the Maxwell higher convective model is used. The solution is sought using series, and all the stress components are expressed in the form of power series expansion. Thermal boundary conditions of the first kind, the temperature dependence of viscosity, and energy dissipation are taken into account. The problem of finding the temperature profiles is solved by an iteration scheme, at each step of which the collocation method is used. The results of calculations are given.
Single-wall Carbon Nanotubes in Vulcanisates Based on Different Rubbers: Investigation of the Dynamic Mechanical Characteristics
Authors: Dorozhkin V.P. , Muradyan V.E. , Mokhnatkin A.M. , Mukhtarov A.R. , Mokhnatkina E.G.
Published: September 2018

The dynamic mechanical properties of sulphur vulcanisates based on different rubbers containing single-wall carbon nanotubes (SCNTs) were studied. Components of the dynamic modulus (G′ and G″) and the temperature dependence of the mechanical loss tangent tg δ were obtained on a DMS Ares instrument (Reometrics) at an amplitude of 0.5%, a frequency of 1 Hz, and a heating rate of 1°C/min at temperatures ranging from −80 to +80°C. The glass transition temperature Tg was determined as the temperature of the maximum on the temperature dependence of tg δ. The morphology was studied on transmission and scanning electron microscopes. Rubber compounds based on hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR Therban 3496), styrene butadiene rubber (Sprintan SLR 4502), and natural rubber (NR of grade SMR CV60) were chosen. SCNTs (1%) were introduced into composite YU-58 containing NR latex (98%) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (1%). This composite was regarded as the filler. The properties of composites containing SCNTs with a carboxylated surface (SCNT-COOH) were also studied. To calculate the parameters of the two-phase ‘rubber (matrix)–filler’ system at temperatures of −70, −30, and +23°C, we used the Kerner equation. There is a notable trend towards an increase in the flexibility of the macromolecules. For NR-based composites containing 0.3% SCNTs, the calculated value of G′ of the boundary layer at −30°C is 10 times higher than the G′ value of the matrix, and 15 times higher at +23°C. Deliberations concerning the nature and properties of the boundary layer are laid out.
The Effect of Metal-containing Nanofillers on the Properties of Blended and Dynamically Vulcanised Thermoplastic Elastomers Based on Isotactic Polypropylene and Ternary Ethylenepropylenediene Elastomer
Authors: Kurbanova N.I. , Alimirzoeva N.A. , Kuliev A.M. , Medintseva T.I. , Kuznetsova O.P. , Shevchenko V.G. , Prut E.V.
Published: September 2018

New thermoplastic elastomers based on isotactic polypropylene and a ternary ethylenepropylenediene elastomer of different composition (with and without oil) with the use of nanofillers containing nanoparticles of oxides of different metals have been developed. It is shown that a small addition of nanofiller has practically no effect on the crystallinity and dielectric permittivity of the thermoplastic elastomers, but lowers their elastic modulus. The size of the nanoparticles has a considerable effect on the mechanical properties of the materials. The introduction of nanofillers into blends based on oil-extended elastomer does not affect their properties.
The Development and the Study of the Properties of Hydrosorption Material Based on a Blended Thermoplastic Vulcanisate
Authors: Galikhanov M.F. , Akhmedzyanova D.M. , Nikitin N.R.
Published: September 2018

Hydrosorption thermoplastic vulcanisates (TPVs) with a controllable swelling rate have been developed. They contain low-density polyethylene (LDPE), nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC) – a water-soluble polymer (WSP). They were mixed on a laboratory mill in two stages and vulcanised at a temperature of 170°C. At the first stage, the NBR with a vulcanising system and carbon black were mixed with the WSP at 50°C, and at the second stage this composite was mixed with the polyethylene (PE) at 140°C. The hydrosorption, deformation and strength, and electret properties of the obtained TPVs were studied. The study of the sorption properties under conditions of limited and unlimited access of water showed that composites consisting of 25% polyethylene and 75% WSP swell in water by ∼28%, and here processes of migration of the WSP out of the composites are absent. The deformation and strength properties were determined on an Inspekt Mini TR-3 kN tensile testing machine. The level of deformation and strength characteristics of the obtained TPVs is not high, which is due to the low adhesion between the PE and the polar NBR, and also between the NBR and the WSP. However, for seals and gaskets, the achievable level of strength properties is quite adequate. An electret state of the TPVs was obtained in a negative corona discharge as they cooled down after heating to 90°C. Washers were manufactured from the developed TPVs, and they were tested for their sealing capacity. It was shown that the electret state inhibits the process of swelling of the TPVs in water, which is due to the negative effect of the electric field on the rate at which wetting, dissolution, and diffusion processes take place. However, during service, the electret state of articles manufactured from the developed TPVs rapidly relaxes, after which the swelling process occurs at a steady rate. This makes it possible to carry out assembly work involving the fitting or replacement of seals made of the hydrosorption TPVs.
The Development of Fireproofing Compositions Based on Chemical Industry Waste
Authors: Akhrarov B.B. , Mukhamedgaliev B.A.
Published: September 2018

Certain possibilities of synthesising new fireproofing compositions based on chemical industry waste are considered. The kinetic behaviour patterns and the mechanism of the process of synthesising oligomeric fireproofing compositions are identified.
The Gas Permeability of Polyolefin Blends Containing a Glass Flake Filler
Authors: Ermilova A.I. , Ushakova O.B. , Petrova M.Yu. , Kalugina E.V.
Published: September 2018

The results of investigating the influence of the concentration of glass flake filler on oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water vapour permeability in composites based on high-density polyethylene blends are given.
The Heterophase Polymerisation of Styrene in the Presence of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Serkhacheva N.S. , Prokopov N.I. , Gerval'd A.Yu. , Lobanov N.A. , Gritskova I.A.
Published: September 2018

Heterophase polymerisation of styrene was carried out, and nanocomposite polystyrene microspheres with a controllable content of ZnO nanoparticles were synthesised. The colloid chemical properties of the obtained polymer suspensions were studied, and it was shown that the particles have a ‘core–shell’ structure with a ZnO content of up to 30%.
The Rheological Behaviour of Prooxidants Based on Iron Stearate
Authors: Korchagin V.I. , Protasov A.V. , Erofeeva N.V.
Published: September 2018

The rheological behaviour of prooxidants based on standard grades of polyethylene with an iron stearate content of 5.0, 10.0, and 15.0 wt% is examined. The technological principles for the production and processing of prooxidants in high-speed equipment are developed, taking into account their physicomechanical properties.
The Effect of Nanocarbons on the Structural and Thermophysical Characteristics of a Polymer Matrix
Authors: Voznyakovskii A.P. , Smirnov A.V. , Fedorov B.A. , Esina A.V. , Boreiko N.P.
Published: September 2018

The effect of nanocarbons of different origin – C60 fullerenes, single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), and, as a model, carbonised starch (PSC) – on the structure and properties of a filled and an unfilled polyurethane matrix was investigated. The nanocarbons were introduced into part of a polyurethane prepolymer and treated in an ultrasonic field. The specific surface of the fillers was determined by the method of thermal desorption of nitrogen on a Quantachrome NovaWin instrument (Quantachrome Instruments, USA). Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data obtained on an Anton Paar (Austria) diffractometer suggest a high surface roughness of the SWCNT particles (fractal dimension D = 2.9) and a low surface roughness of the C60 and PSC (D = 2.0), as well as constancy of the structural organisation of the domains of rigid blocks at distances of the order of 3 nm or less. Large-angle scattering (Bruker D2 Phaser) makes it possible to draw a conclusion concerning the preferential distribution of particles of highly dispersed nanocarbons among elements of the free fluctuation volume of the polyurethane matrix. As a consequence, these particles have no effect on the morphology of elements of the matrix. The lack of dependence of the glass transition temperature, determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC 8000, PerkinElmer), on the presence and nature of nanocarbons indicates the constancy of motion of the polymer macromolecules. Data of all these methods indicate that nanocarbon particles are distributed in the interdomain space and preferentially among areas of local stress of the polyurethane polymer matrix. This conclusion is in good agreement with the strength parameters obtained (Tinius Olsen H10KT tensile testing machine, UK): a 20–50% increase in the stress under 100 and 200% elongation and an increase of up to 80% in the tear strength.
Quality Control of the Joints of Fabric Rubber Conveyor Belts with the Aid of a Thermovisor
Authors: Golikov G.F. , Ryabov D.V. , Galashin S.N. , Kondrashin Yu.A.
Published: September 2018

A method of direct quality control of the vulcanised joints of fabric rubber conveyor belts with the use of a TESTO 875-1 high-resolution thermovisor (Germany) has been approved. The method is based on the different thermal conductivity of materials inside and outside the zone of defects. This leads to a difference between the temperature inside the zone of a defect and the temperature outside this zone in the solid mass of the belt during heating (or cooling). This difference is recorded by temperature gauges and very graphically by the thermovisor. Fabric rubber belts of 500 mm thickness, made from fabric TK-200 with artificial defects mirroring those most often encountered during joining and service – blisters, microporosity, damaged joints, incomplete coating with adhesive – were tested. Heating was carried out between the plates of the vulcanisation press used for joining, from a temperature of +10°C for most of the defects, or from −10°C for the defect associated with incomplete coating with adhesive, to a temperature of +70°C. In the case of the most common defect –blisters – tests were also conducted in a cooling regime (from +90 to +70°C). The difference in temperatures between the zone of defects and the solid mass of the belt ranged from 15 to 4°C. In future, it is proposed that the state of the joints be monitored for the entire length of their service, especially on heavy-duty and critical conveyors.
Drop-Load Testing of Pipe-Grade Polyethylenes
Authors: Ivanov M.S. , Kuleznev V.N.
Published: September 2018

The nature of strain of pipe-grade polyethylenes in drop-load impact machine tests in comparison with elongation on a tensile testing machine is analysed. A procedure for the drop-load testing of dumb-bell testpieces is described, the relative strain and the stress acting on the specimen are calculated, and the nature of failure of the materials is analysed.
Ways of Addressing Problems of Quality Control of Synthetic Rubber Products at an International Level
Authors: Boreiko N.P. , Tkachenko G.T. , Efremova M.A.
Published: September 2018

The importance of developing GOST standard specifications for the quality control of different grades of synthetic rubber produced in Russia, incorporating standard elastic strength and rheometric characteristics, is shown. Here, ISO and ASTM test procedures must be used, as well as positive features of Russian technical documentation. The need for and the possibility of producing and certifying home-produced reference ingredients and carbon black are also shown. The creation of a unified base of reference materials (ingredients, carbon black, etc.) will make it possible to increase the reliability of product quality control at synthetic rubber, tyre, and mechanical rubber goods plants.
The Effect of Mineral Fillers on the Main Physicomechanical Properties of Random Polypropylene Copolymers
Authors: Kakhramanov N.T. , Osipchik V.S. , Arzumanova N.B. , Kuliev A.D. , Lalaeva R.N. , Khamedova L.Kh. , Ishchenko N.Ya.
Published: September 2018

The effect of quartz four, whiting, and cement on the physicomechanical properties of filled polymer composites based on a statistical polypropylene copolymer – random polypropylene copolymer – was investigated.
The Possibility of using Complex Anti-Agers for Rubber Compounds Based on Polyisoprene Rubbers and Operating under Extreme Conditions
Authors: Puchkov A.F. , Kablov V.F. , Spiridonova M.P. , Tret'yakova N.A. , Vysochinskaya O.A. , Gerasimenko E.I.
Published: September 2018

The effect of complex anti-agers on the behaviour under extreme conditions of rubber compounds based on SKI-3 isoprene rubber was studied. Data for rubber compounds containing only N-isopropyl-N-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (IPPD) or a complex salt that besides IPPD contains ∊-caprolactam (PRS-1N) were compared. The nominal tensile strength, ft, and dynamic strength, N, were determined on an MRS-2 machine, the abrasive wear, α, on a Grasselli machine, and the amount of sol fraction (SF) on a viscometer, and the equilibrium degree of swelling in toluene, Qequ, was also determined. IR spectra were obtained using a Nicolet-6700 Fourier IR spectrometer, and electron micrographs using an EM-14 microscope. Heat treatment of the rubber compounds under critical (for isoprene rubbers) temperature conditions (at 140°C) for different periods of time, τ, makes it possible to increase N considerably, and to reduce α. The values of N are practically the same for rubber compounds with IPPD and PRS-1N, and the maximum is achieved at τ = 25 h. The values of α are considerably lower for rubber compounds containing PRS-1N. The results with respect to SF, Qequ, IR spectroscopy, and electron microscopy confirm the presence of a certain temperature-time zone in which physicochemical processes postponing catastrophic failure of the rubber compound occur. The use of complex anti-agers with synergy in their protective action enables the time before catastrophic failure of an article to be increased.
The Influence of the Type of Dipping Composition on the Structure of Aramid Cord Threads
Authors: Andreikova L.N. , Bobrov S.P. , Andriasyan Yu.O. , Karpova S.G. , Mikhailov I.A.
Published: September 2018

Publications concerned with the influence of the type of dipping composition on the adhesion, physicomechanical, and service properties of aramid cord threads of grades Arom-75 (Rusar-75), Arom-175 (Rusar-175), and Rusar-200 are analysed. According to current ideas, the type of dipping composition affects not only the adhesion and physicomechanical properties of aramid cord but also its structure. Using electron spin resonance spectroscopy, we studied specimens of dipped Arom-75 cord threads and undipped threads (for comparison). The parameters characterising the structural state of the investigated polymer specimens were determined: the correlation time, the radical concentration in the investigated specimen, and the ratio of the proportion of dense amorphous regions to the proportion of loose amorphous regions. Data for cord based on Ruslan® threads dipped in two different compositions and data for undipped cord were compared. The possibility of changing the structure of cord and the service properties of mechanical rubber goods with an aramid skeleton by using different types of dipping composition was shown.
Analysis of the Mechanism for the Appearance of Bubbles in Rubber during Vulcanization
Authors: Sato Yuji
Published: September 2018

Appearance of bubbles in the rubber has been observed in real time by using X-ray imaging method in SPring-8. The behavior of diameter and quantity of bubbles has been measured for the samples which have the various contents of cure agent and moisture. The babbles appear after 30 to 50 sec from releasing curing pressure at the place where there are no any feature in the X-ray images pixel size is 0.5 μm. The diameter of bubbles increases linearly with time at first, and then it grows up to be closer to the limit diameter finally. This final diameter changes with cure time and amount of cure agent. And the quantity of bubbles changes with amount of moisture. The result shows the one of origin of bubbles is moisture, and even if the moisture content changes, the size of moisture particles does not change, the quantity of particles changes. The crosslink density participates in whether this particle changes to a bubble or keeps that state. That also participates in the final diameter of bubble. X-Ray experiments were performed at BL19B2, BL46XU in the SPring-8 with approval of the Japan Radiation Research Institute (JASRI) Proposal No. 2014A1571,2014A1572).
Characterisation and Approval of FKM Polymers and Compounds with RPA – an Initial Experience Report
Authors: Guntrum J. , Dinu-Biringer G. , Weber T. , Klein J.
Published: September 2018

For decades, measurement of the Mooney viscosity has been used for testing the viscosity of raw polymers and mixed stocks. The Mooney viscometer is commonly used on the shop floor alongside the rheometer. The relevance of the Mooney test for the processing of rubber compounds is limited and the use of a rubber process analyser (RPA) is a suitable alternative. The instrument is robust, easy to handle and therefore perfectly suitable for day-to-day use on the shop floor. High accuracy and repeatability of the measurement are further advantages. This article describes initial experiences with testing FKM raw polymers and compounds based on frequency and strain sweeps. Tests under high strain in particular demonstrate significant differences between polymers, which are not seen under normal test conditions (small amplitudes). In this way, rubber compounders and processors receive considerably more information about the viscoelastic properties of the raw polymers used and the compounds produced from them.
Determining the Glass Transition Temperature of an Epoxy Siloxane Composite by Thermal Analysis Methods
Authors: Osipchik V.S. , Olikhova Yu.V. , Nguen L.Kh. , Lushcheikin G.A. , Aristov V.M.
Published: September 2018

Thermomechanical analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and dielectric thermal analysis were used to determine the glass transition temperature of hot-curing epoxy siloxane composites. The effect of polymethylphenylsiloxane resin on the parameters of the three-dimensional structure and on the deformation and strength properties of epoxy novolac resin during curing by 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane was established.
PRP and Correction of Penile Curvature (Peyronie’s Disease)
Authors: Marcovici Iacob
Published: September 2018

Many men with Peyronie’s disease are embarrassed and choose to suffer in silence rather than get help. Peyronie’s disease can be a physically and psychologically devastating. This case report presents a successful correction of penile curvature using platelet rich plasma (PRP) treatment in an office setting.
Evolution of Brain Glucose Metabolic Abnormalities in Children With Epilepsy and SCN1A Gene Variants
Authors: Kumar Ananyaa , Juhász Csaba , Luat Aimee , Govil-Dalela Tuhina , Behen Michael E. , Hicks Melissa A. , Chugani Harry T.
Published: September 2018

Three children with drug-refractory epilepsy, normal magnetic resonance image (MRI), and a heterozygous SCN1A variant underwent 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) scanning between age 6 months and 1 year and then at age 3 years 6 months to 5 years 5 months. Regional FDG uptake values were compared to those measured in age- and gender-matched pseudo-controls. At baseline, the brain glucose metabolic pattern in the SCN1A group was similar to that of the pseudo-controls. At follow-up, robust decreases of normalized FDG uptake was found in bilateral frontal, parietal and temporal cortex, with milder decreases in occipital cortex. Children with epilepsy and an SCN1A variant have a normal pattern of cerebral glucose metabolism at around 1 year of age but develop bilateral cortical glucose hypometabolism by age 4 years, with maximal decreases in frontal, parietal, and temporal cortex. This metabolic pattern may be characteristic of epilepsy associated with SCN1A variants and may serve as a biomarker to monitor disease progression and response to treatments.
Does Inflation Affect Savings Non-linearly? Evidence from India
Authors: Dash Santosh K. , Kumar Lakshmi
Published: September 2018

In the wake of the steep fall in the saving rate between 2007–2008 and 2012–2013, this article investigates to what extent inflation explains the variation in the saving rate. Most of the extant studies on saving focus on estimating the linear impact of inflation on saving; our article examines for the first time whether inflation has a non-linear impact on saving. To ascertain how inflation affects saving, we use both linear and non-linear models like the quadratic method and the Sarel (Staff Papers [Interdomestic Monetary Fund], 43, 199–215, 1996) methodology. Our findings from the linear saving model suggest that both domestic and private savings are negatively correlated with inflation, the real interest rate and the share of agriculture, and positively correlated with the growth rate. Further, higher public saving crowds out private saving, suggesting a partial Ricardian equivalence. Results from the non-linear models do not suggest a non-linear impact of inflation on saving. Thus, there is no threshold inflation in the context of the inflation–saving relationship. Instead, we find that inflation has a linear and significant negative effect on savings. The implication of not finding threshold inflation is that the central bank should control inflation, so as to promote a higher saving rate.

JEL Classification: C22, E21, E31
Interdependence between Monetary Policy and Stock Liquidity: A Panel VAR Approach
Authors: Debata Byomakesh , Mahakud Jitendra
Published: September 2018

This article examines the relationship between monetary policy and individual stock liquidity in an order-driven emerging stock market like India. This study considers stocks listed in National Stock Exchange of India (NSE) and continuously traded from April 2002 to March 2015. Considering the multiple dimensions of liquidity, this study uses five different liquidity proxies to capture the various facets of liquidity such as trading activity, price impact and transaction cost. An array of macroeconomic and firm-specific control variables are used while analysing the liquidity and monetary policy relationship. Econometric methods like panel vector autoregressive (VAR)–Granger causality test, impulse response functions and variance decomposition analysis have been employed to carry out this analysis. The empirical findings suggest that monetary policy significantly Granger-causes stock liquidity, and the expansionary monetary policy characterised by low interest rate and higher money supply is positively associated with individual stock liquidity in India. The impact of monetary policy on liquidity of individual stocks is more prominent during financial crisis. The findings of the present study have certain theoretical as well as practical implications. The market participants in equity market can improve the forecasting of liquidity of their investment portfolio by employing monetary policy along with individual asset’s characteristics. Regulators and policymakers may consider the cross-sectional relationship between stock liquidity and monetary policy as an important source of information for policy formulation and implementation.

JEL Classification: E44, E51, G12
Building and Maintaining a Citizen Science Network With Fishermen and Fishing Communities Post Deepwater Horizon Oil Disaster Using a CBPR Approach
Authors: Sullivan John , Croisant Sharon , Howarth Marilyn , Rowe Gilbert T. , Fernando Harshica , Phillips-Savoy Amanda , Jackson Dan , Prochaska John , Ansari Ghulam A. S. , Penning Trevor M. , Elferink Cornelis ,   Community Partner Authors: Louisiana Environmental Action Network, United Houma Nation, Bayou Interfaith Shared Community Organizing, Dustin Nguyen-Vietnamese Community Partner, Center for Environmental & Economic Justice, and Alabama Fisheries CooperativeProject Community Scientist Author: Wilma Subra
Published: September 2018

When the Deepwater Horizon oil rig blew out in 2010, the immediate threats to productive deep water and estuarial fisheries and the region’s fishing and energy economies were obvious. Less immediately obvious, but equally unsettling, were risks to human health posed by potential damage to the regional food web. This paper describes grassroots and regional efforts by the Gulf Coast Health Alliance: health risks related to the Macondo Spill Fishermen’s Citizen Science Network project. Using a community-based participatory research approach and a citizen science structure, the multiyear project measured exposure to petrogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, researched the toxicity of these polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds, and communicated project findings and seafood consumption guidelines throughout the region (coastal Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama). Description/analysis focuses primarily on the process of building a network of working fishermen and developing group environmental health literacy competencies.
Research Misconduct in Business and Management Studies: Causes, Consequences, and Possible Remedies
Authors: Tourish Dennis , Craig Russell
Published: September 2018

This article analyses 131 articles that have been retracted from peer-reviewed journals in business and management studies. We also draw from six in-depth interviews: three with journal editors involved in retractions, two with coauthors of papers retracted because a fellow author committed research fraud, and one with a former academic found guilty of research fraud. Our aim is to promote debate about the causes and consequences of research misconduct and to suggest possible remedies. Drawing on corruption theory, we suggest that a range of institutional, environmental, and behavioral factors interacts to provide incentives that sustain research misconduct. We explore the research practices that have prompted retractions. We contend that some widely used, but questionable research practices, should be challenged so as to promote stronger commitment to research integrity and to deter misconduct. To this end, we propose eleven recommendations for action by authors, editors, publishers, and the broader scientific community.
Cervical Local Immune Response for High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection
Authors: Sahin Erdem , Madendag Yusuf , Sahin Mefkure Eraslan , Madendag Ilknur Col , Acmaz Gokhan , Karakukcu Cıgdem , Karaman Hatice , Muderris Iptisam Ipek
Published: September 2018

Purpose:

To evaluate cervical mucus secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) concentrations in patients with high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) 16 or 18 positive and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LGSIL) or high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HGSIL).

Method:

Patients with HPV 16 or 18 positive from 30 to 45 years of age whose cervical cancer screening results reported cytologically LGSIL or HGSIL were included in the study. In the control group, we included participants in the same age with cytology negative and HPV-negative healthy women. All cytological LGSIL or HGSIL results were histopathologically confirmed with colposcopic biopsy specimens. Finally, the study consisted of a total of 3 groups each containing 25 participants as follows: (1) Pap smear and HPV-negative control group, (2) HPV 16 or HPV 18 and LGSIL-positive participants, and (3) HPV 16 or 18 and HGSIL-positive participants. Cervical mucus SLPI levels were analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method.

Results:

The mean cervical mucus SLPI levels were 32.94 ng/mL (range: 23-41.29 ng/mL) in the hrHPV + LGSIL group, 29.40 ng/mL (range: 21.03-38.95 ng/mL) in the hrHPV + HGSIL, and 18.75 ng/mL (range: 13.58-29.24 ng/mL) in the healthy control group. Cervical mucus SLPI levels were found to be significantly higher in the hrHPV + LGSIL and hrHPV + HGSIL groups compared to the control group ( P < .001).

Conclusions:

The data from the present study indicate that SLPI seems to be one of the important immunomodulatory proteins that provide local immune response in cervical mucosa.
Skin-Related Complications Among Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Using Insulin Pump Therapy
Authors: Al Hayek Ayman A , Robert Asirvatham A , Al Dawish Mohamed A
Published: September 2018

Background:

To identify the skin-related complications in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) using the insulin pump therapy (IPT).

Methods:

A total of 64 T1D adolescents (between ages 13 and 19) using the insulin pump were included in this cross-sectional study. They had visited the Diabetes Clinic at Diabetes Treatment Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Saudi Arabia, for treatment from January 2018 to March 2018. Data on the prior and present skin-related complications, for a 6-month interval, were gathered via a closed/structured questionnaire. Besides this, demographic information was also recorded.

Results:

From the patients in this study (n = 64), 9.3% experienced 3 or more skin-related complications, whereas 7.8% patients registered 2 and 25% had only 1 such disorder. However, in 37 patients (51.8%), there was no evidence of skin-related complications. Significantly, the female revealed a higher level of issues ( P = .036), >3 years on IPT ( P = .039), negligence of infusion set rotation ( P = .001), needle length of 9 mm ( P = .021), and beyond 3 days for catheter replacement ( P = .022). The factors age, body mass index, diabetes duration, and insulin dosage remained quite unaffected. From the regression analysis, the factors female gender, catheter replacement, and infusion set rotation showed up as the independent risk factors for the skin complications.

Conclusions:

The IPT users invariably experience dermatologic conditions. Through this study, female gender, length of IPT usage time, and infusion set rotations were identified as the independent risk factors responsible for the skin issues.
Confirmatory factor analysis of a myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome stigma scale
Authors: Terman Julia M , Awsumb Jessica M , Cotler Joseph , Jason Leonard A
Published: September 2018

This study adapted a chronic illness stigma scale and explored its psychometric properties. The main purposes were to confirm the factor structure of the instrument with this population and address the previous factor intercorrelation discrepancies. Five hundred and fifty-four individuals with myalgic encephalomyelitis or chronic fatigue syndrome completed the adapted stigma scale. Results document the stigma experienced by an international sample of individuals with myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome. Factors demonstrated good internal consistency, and a model fit was found in a confirmatory factor analysis. Participants endorsed high levels of stigma, estrangement, and disclosure. Implications of these findings and future directions are discussed.
The effects of explicit instruction on L2 learners’ acquisition of verb–noun collocations
Authors: Tsai Mei-Hsing
Published: September 2018

This study investigates the relative effectiveness of two methods for teaching a set of English verb–noun collocations: form-focused instruction (FFI) and concept-based instruction (CBI). The sample comprised 73 Chinese-speaking learners of English taking intermediate English courses, who were randomly assigned to one of three groups: an FFI intervention group, a CBI intervention group, and a control group. In order to determine the effects of the two instructional methods, the participants’ collocational knowledge was measured in three ways: via form recall testing, form recognition testing, and meaning recall testing. Specifically, all of the participants took pretests, immediate posttests, and one-week delayed posttests. The results of a comparison of the learning gains between the three groups showed that the CBI and FFI approaches each had a positive effect on establishing initial form–meaning relationships for verb–noun collocations. The CBI group significantly outperformed the FFI group on both collocational acquisition and retention. This result suggests that CBI’s focus on learning verbal meanings through image schemas and conceptualization practice is associated with a deeper understanding of English verb–noun collocations. The study concludes with pedagogical implications for teaching second language (L2) collocations.
Parametric modelling of knock intensity data using a dual log-normal model
Authors: Peyton Jones James C , Shayestehmanesh Saeed , Frey Jesse
Published: September 2018

The Pearson test is used to confirm that knock intensity data closely approximate a cyclically independent random process which is therefore fully characterized by its probability density function or cumulative distribution function. Although these distributions are often assumed to be log-normal, other results have shown that the data do not conform to a log-normal distribution at the 5% significance level. A new dual log-normal model is therefore proposed based on the assumption that the data comprise a mixture of two distributions, one knocking and one non-knocking. Methods for estimating the parameters of this model, and for assessing the quality of fit, are presented. The results show a significantly improved model fit.