bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Occupational health morbidities and associated socio-demographic variables among street sweepers in a metropolitan city
Authors: Mishra Tuhina , Sukhsohale Neelam , Mankeshwar Ranjit
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND- In India, the traditional culture has stigmatized street sweeping as a filthy and lowly occupation. The medical problems of these workers are further compounded by various socioeconomic factors such as poverty, lack of education, poor housing conditions and poor diet. The objective of the current study was to assess the socio demographic profile of the street sweepers, the morbidities prevalent amongst them and to establish an association between socio demographic variables and various morbidities.METHODS- A cross sectional questionnaire based epidemiological study was carried out ,after taking written consent, amongst 100 street sweepers belonging to age group of 18-60 years in South Mumbai under E ward of Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation for a period of 2 months.RESULTS- Skin problems (91%) followed by musculoskeletal disorders (88%) were the most common morbidities observed amongst street sweepers predominantly in males belonging to the age group of 40-50 years. The prevalence of anemia was found to be relatively higher in females with low socio economic background (6.7%). It was also observed that greater the duration of services, more was the risk of morbidities like musculoskeletal disorders (88.5%), respiratory disorders (11.5%), hypertension (6.4%) and cardiovascular disorders (1.3%).CONCLUSION- The most common morbidities observed were skin problems ( 91%) and musculoskeletal disorders (88%) predominantly in males belonging to age group 40-50 years. Anemia was more common in females . Additionally, illiteracy was a risk factor for respiratory symptoms (14.7%).KEYWORDS- Occupational health, Health hazards, Street sweepers,
Awareness and utilization of health insurance among patients of a tertiary care centre in South India
Authors: Luke Swetha , Vincent Jose
Published: September 2020

Background: While health insurance may seem like just another form to fill, it has proven to be a literal life saver in case of medical catastrophes, saving those subscribed from possible health expense induced poverty. The objective of this study is to assess the proportion of patients aware of the provision of health insurance and have subscribed to them.Methods: Cross sectional study conducted in a tertiary care center based in South India during the period July 2019 to September 2019. Convenience sampling with a sample size of 58was used. Data collected with the help of an interviewer administered semi-structured questionnaire.Results: Awareness of the provision of health insurance was found to be as high as 89.7%. But only 51.7% were found to be subscribed to a health insurance plan. Of which 70% had joined a Government insurance scheme and 30% had a private health insurance.Conclusions: While a basic level of awareness is present, that itself does not lead to subscription to an insurance plan. The public should be exposed to the newer, more affordable government led plans which best suit their financial situations.
Prevalence of speech language and hearing impairment in school going children of rural area: a longitudinal study
Authors: Varsha N. S. , R. Sowmiya , P. Prasitha , Praveena Jayakumar
Published: September 2020

Background: This study aimed on identifying children with hearing, speech and language disorders in rural population that are not identified, diagnosed or rehabilitated yet. The study also focused on collecting a large data with increased study duration to give an appropriate representation of the findings in a rural population.Methods: Subjective tests were used to screen for hearing, speech and language disorders.Results: On performing audiological and speech language tests, 130 children were found to have hearing, speech and language disorders out of 1,453 children.Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that there is a need to create an awareness and importance in identifying hearing and speech language disorders. This can be done by setting up clinics in rural areas, thus improving the accessibility of these diagnostic and rehabilitative services.
Performance and costing of nutrition intervention measures on admitted children in malnutrition treatment center: a case study from Jharkhand, India
Authors: Sinha Rajesh Kumar , Kiran Asha , Kashyap Vivek , Kumar Praveen
Published: September 2020

Background: Children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) having medical complications require immediate care at malnutrition treatment centers (MTC). Thus, it becomes important to assess the effect and treatment cost of such children in these facilities. Hence, the present study was done with these aims in two MTCs in Jharkhand, India.Methods: A retrospective record review was done of the children admitted to these two MTCs between 1st April 2017 and 31st March 2018. A predesigned proforma was used to collect child related information. The data collected was entered in Microsoft excel sheet and analysed.Results: Majority of the admitted children (90.6%) were in 6-23 months age group. 358 (51.5%) children were females. Only, 194 (27.9%) children admitted were SAM had any medical complication. 690 (99.3%) children were discharged of whom 499 (72.3%) were discharged after achieving the target weight. The average weight gain during their stay was 8.1±2.4 g/kg/day and average length of stay was 16.7±3.2 days. Post discharge follow up rates were found to be low and only 130 (18.8%) children completed all three follow ups. Average cost per SAM child treated was Rs. 18,599 (US$ 272) and per SAM child cured was Rs. 25,904 (US$ 379).Conclusions: MTCs are effective in managing medically complicated SAM children. However, improvements are necessary to ensure that more such children should be treated at facility level, complimented with a community based programme for managing uncomplicated SAM children to improve coverage and ensure continuum of care.
Prevalence and regional disparity of women's autonomy and intimate partner violence in India: evidence from National Family Health Survey-IV 2015-2016, India
Authors: Ghosh Koustav , Mog Mithun
Published: September 2020

Background: The study was done with the aim to assess the prevalence and regional differences of women autonomy (WA) and Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) in India.Methods: The study utilizes data from the fourth round of National Family and Health Survey, 2015-16, encompassing a sample of 62,716 currently married in the age group of 15-49 years. Bivariate analysis has been performed to draw inferences from the data.Results: Study portrays that 69% of the currently married women live with any autonomy, whereas, 27%, 12% and 7% of them suffer from physical, emotional and sexual violence respectively. The higher level of autonomy has found in North-eastern and Western, whereas, the IPV was found in Eastern and Central parts of India. The major finding from the study was that women from northeast region have better women empowerment and less violence except Manipur against rest region.Conclusion: Women of rural area is still more sufferer of any form of violence and less empowerment existing many major states of India. For better improvement of women empowerment and minimize IPV against women, government need to give more attention to gain progress in every development fields and enhance rural education for rural women particularly.
Knowledge and attitude of rural community towards the respiratory diseases
Authors: B. P. Satish Kumar , Zuber Mohammed , Johns Anwitha , V. Vinod Kumar
Published: September 2020

Background: Respiratory diseases are considered as one of the major public health problems in developing countries like India. Among all illness in adults, heart, cancer, diabetes and chronic lung diseases are the major cause of mortality and morbidity in India.  Since majority of the Indian population resides in rural areas, assessment of knowledge and attitude in that region regarding respiratory diseases are essential.Methods: A descriptive study was conducted using restructured and pretested questionnaire to assess the knowledge and attitude of the rural people. Descriptive statistics were used to represent the study characteristics. Chi-square test was used to assess the association among the study variables with p-value of <0.05 which was statistically significant.Results: Total 467 participants enrolled in the study out of which 39.4% were male and 60.6% were female. The mean age of the participants was 44.7±16.1 years, where majority of participants belongs to the age group 38-47 years. Overall the knowledge of the participants was found to be poor 6%, average 49.5% and good (44.5%). Statistically significant association between the literacy level and the knowledge on respiratory diseases was found.Conclusions: Although knowledge and attitude of the people towards the respiratory diseases are encouraging, there is a need for long term educational program. The findings of this study can guide the public health authorities in making and implementing decisions to reduce the health problems related to respiratory diseases.
Health information seeking on the internet (Dr Google) and its effect on doctor-patient relationship: a cross-sectional study from Central Karnataka
Authors: Shekhar Rachna , Javalkar Sandhya Rani
Published: September 2020

Background: The Internet has proven to be a powerful vehicle for the dissemination of information and the use of Internet by the patients as a source of information on health and disease is increasing rapidly. It has reformed the doctor-patient relationship by empowering patients with information. The objective was to study the trends of patient’s health information seeking behaviour on the internet and its effects on the doctor-patient relationship.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted amongst the 73 doctors and 110 patients attending the tertiary health care centre, Davanagere. A pre-tested and pre-validated questionnaire was used to collect data. Percentages and Proportions were used to summarize the study variables.Results: The most common search engine used was Google i.e. 92% and majority of them looked up symptoms/ disease condition 80%. 57% respondents verified doctor’s advice. 73% respondents stated that they used online health information for self-diagnosis but less than 10% of respondents took medications mentioned online. The doctors (60%) stated that the patient’s Internet use proves that the patient or his/her family are involved and take responsibility. However, 49.3% of doctors stated that they get uncomfortable when presented with online health information by the patients.Conclusions: Doctors are starting to recognize the use of the internet by patients as a source of health information. Patients consider the internet as a supplementary resource for better understanding of symptoms and diagnosis. The need of the hour is better communication between doctor and patients; and availability of reliable web-based health resources to patients for better compliance.
A cross sectional community-based study to determine prevalence of high blood pressure and its associated risk factors amongst women residing in rural area of Navsari district in Gujarat
Authors: Vyas Parth H. , Dhadwe Kanchan , Shah Harsha A. , Dave Hiral M.
Published: September 2020

Background: The increase in prevalence of hypertension is evident in urban as well as rural areas over the years from trend studies. The objectives of this study were to determine prevalence of high BP and to assess the magnitude of undiagnosed high BP cases amongst women residing in the study area.Methods: 28 Villages which are the field practice area of Gram Seva Trust Sarvjanik Hospital, Kharel were selected. Women above 25 years of age and wanted to participate in women’s health screening camps were included.Results: 31% belonged to the age group of 36 to 45 years. 49.7% among the study participants were engaged in farm labor. 25.4% women were underweight. As per the JNC–7 criteria it was found that 13.7 % and 7.4% women were in stage 1 and stage 2 respectively. 21.6% women were in the pre-hypertension stage. 82% women were newly diagnosed and didn’t know that they were hypertensive. Significant relation between high body mass index (BMI) and hypertension was found. However, the prevalence of high BP amongst underweight and normal BMI women was alarming (13.1% and 19.8% respectively).Conclusions: There is significant burden of women with high BP in rural areas in Navsari district. This invites for immediate population and high-risk approach to lower blood pressure in the community and thereby reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Oral hygiene practices and knowledge among children of age 10-13 years in a private school in Chennai, South India
Authors: Kanagavelu Aravind Sunderavel Kumaravel , Chandran Arun , Brinda Jaya
Published: September 2020

Background: Oral health is an important and proven determinant of overall health and quality of life. It is well established that oral health and non-communicable diseases share common risk factors. Our study was designed to assess the practice and knowledge of oral health among 10-13 years old because at this age, lifelong beliefs and essential skills are developed.Methods: A cross-sectional study was done by randomly selecting students from V to VIII standards in a private school. Data was collected using a pre-designed questionnaire. The results were analysed using ‘Jamovi’ software with 'Pearson Chi-square test’ and a p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Out of the 210 students, only around 1/3rd of the students used both brush with toothpaste, and dental floss to clean their teeth. 123 (58.6%) students brushed twice a day. The association between the frequency of brushing and the age groups was statistically significant. Gender played a role in the duration of brushing.Conclusions: It can be noted from our study that the oral practices and knowledge was better in 10-11 years olds than the 12-13-year olds and better in girls than in boys. Thus, oral education must be tailor made based on the calibre of a particular group instead of ‘one for all’ method.
Preferences, perceptions and barriers to E-learning among medical students during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in India
Authors: Suryawanshi Deodatt M. , Venugopal Raghuram
Published: September 2020

Background: Following the imposition of the nationwide lockdown on 24th March 2020, many medical institutions adopted E-learning as a method to ensure continuity in medical education. Understanding perceptions and preferences of medical students and addressing their barriers are essential for a seamless learning experience.Methods: Data was collected using a semi-structured online questionnaire after obtaining informed consent. A total of 296 students of the second year MBBS and pre-final year were recruited using non probability sampling. Data pertaining to 286 students who returned the questionnaire was entered in Microsoft excel and analysed using SPSS version 21.Results: Majority of the participants 179 (62.5%) were female. Only 18 (6.2%) had advanced computer and internet usage skills. 138 (48.2%) students showed preference for blended mode of teaching. 203 (71.0%) of students showed preferences for non-interactive learning methods like slide share and YouTube videos. 180 (62.9%) cited that lack of personal interaction with the teacher followed by access to internet 67 (23.4%) and lack of hardware 53 (18.5%) as barriers in the e-learning. Significant differences were observed between female and male students in the teaching methods with regards to ease of understanding (p=0.009) and use of non-interactive platforms for e leaning (p=0.03).Conclusions: The study identified blended learning as an acceptable method of learning medical curriculum. Schedule flexibility, ease of understanding and absence of monotony of classroom teaching made e-learning more acceptable. lack of teacher-student interaction, lack of accesses to high speed internet and hardware were barriers perceived to e-learning among medical students.
Empathy levels and its relationship with various independent factors: a web-based cross-sectional study amongst medical students
Authors: Rawat Ranu , Singh Parmal
Published: September 2020

Background: Empathy is a critical construct in the context of the doctor patient relationship. Very few studies in India have previously assessed clinical empathy explicitly in medical students. The present study aimed to estimate and compare the empathy scores of the medical students with various independent factors and to determine the correlation between empathy scores and age of participants.Methods: A web based cross-sectional study was undertaken using a partly self-designed and partly pre-designed Jefferson scale of physician empathy (JSPE) questionnaire for data collection.Results: The mean empathy score of the students was found to be 98.79±12.02. Gender, type of schooling and personal rating of the student were found to have a statistically significant association on comparison. A low degree of statistically insignificant negative correlation (r=-0.1) between age and empathy scores was found.Conclusions: The mean empathy scores recorded in our study are lower as compared to those obtained by Western studies. Aptitude assessment at the time of Bachelor of medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) entry could improve the selection of students to those who possess more attributes necessary in a doctor. Orientation in empathy is also required for MBBS students as it is documented that clinical empathy level is amenable to change by empathy education. Males, government school students and very good and average to poor students need special attention to improve their empathy levels. Longitudinal empathy training could minimize the negativity of age on empathy levels in student.
Do vegetables/fruits act as a vehicle in the spread of COVID-19?
Authors: Telang Kapil , Jain Rahul , Sodani Ajoy , Shaw Prachi , Kosta Susmit
Published: September 2020

The current study was aimed to find out whether the COVID-19 virus is detectable upon the fruits and vegetables after coming in close contact with a patient suffering from nSARS-CoV-2. We included ten subjects, who tested positive for nSARS-CoV-2 RNA within seven days of the experiment. After explaining the experiment, a tray filled with seasonal vegetables and fruits were placed in front of them. The tray remained within their reach, for next thirty minutes. The subjects were requested to remove their face masks and remain so throughout the task. They were requested to manipulate the food articles the way they liked. Subjects were instructed to cough into their hands and then to manipulate each item at least 5 times, during the experiment. Thereafter, the trays were moved into an open and shaded area with free flow of natural air but no direct sunlight. After 1-hour, swabs were taken from surfaces of items by thoroughly rubbing over each of them. Samples were sent immediately to our RT-PCR lab. The nSARS-CoV-2 RNA was not detected, from the samples collected from the fruit/vegetable, at the end of one hour of the direct exposure to the COVID-19 patients. Our results suggest, even after direct exposure to and significant handling by the COVID-19 patients the nSARS-CoV-2 RNA remains undetected after one hour of storage in open. The fruits and vegetables, in real-life situations, are unlikely to act as a fomite and play any significant role in the spread of this disease.
Epidemiology of malaria as it relates to utilization of insecticide treated nets among pregnant women and under five years children in South-South Nigeria
Authors: Odoko Joseph O. , Nwose Ezekiel U. , Nwajei Samuel D. , Agege Emmanuel A. , Moyegbone John E. , Igumbor Eunice O.
Published: September 2020

Pregnant mothers and children under five years are exposed to malaria infection. One of the WHO recommendations on prevention of malaria is the use of insecticide treated nets (ITNs). The use of ITNs is still low in Nigeria. Is to access challenges and improvement on use of ITNs among pregnant mothers and care givers of children under five in Bayelsa, Delta and Rivers state respectively. Review of articles related to use of ITNs among pregnant mothers and under five years children were adopted using The American Journal of Human Genetics among 28 studies. Malaria is responsible for 30% childhood and 11% maternal mortality despite the availability on use of ITNs. ITNs were 62.8% effective in reducing febrile episodes and 84.1% effective in reducing marked levels of malaria parasitemia. Mass distribution of bed-nets has increase ownership of ITNs resulting to 81.5% in Nigeria. Free ITNs has resulted in universal household ownership but the use of the nets is still very low in Nigeria. Malaria interventions are threatened by pyrethroids used in all ITNs. Irritation and suffocation are challenges to utilization of ITNs. In health promotion on use of ITNs, manufacturers’ improvement on quality of ITNs is an epidemiological factor that could enhance the use among the vulnerable groups.
Ideal guidance and procedures for donning and doffing personal protective equipment to be used by health workers during management of patients confirmed with COVID-19 or person under investigation
Authors: Ahmad Saima , Manzoor Haseeb , Chaudhary Fatima Gul
Published: September 2020

Highly infectious disease epidemics such as COVID-19 put healthcare workers at higher risk of infection than regular people as they come into more potential contact with contaminated respiratory droplets and so caution is warranted in the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) to lessen risk. It is not clear what kind of PPE best offers protection and the best way to remove PPE. PPE is used by Healthcare workers in the COVID-19 virus disease situation. Its use is an integral part of the strategy to combat COVID-19 and prevent its spread. Optimal PPE use is hard and thus healthcare workers may alter the delivery of care because of improper PPE use. Preventing contamination of PPE during donning and doffing therefore becomes crucial and requires improvisation. Donning and doffing of PPE should include adherence to protocols as well as COVID- 19 specific design of PPE and further research into the risks, benefits, and best practices of PPE use. Lastly, training of users must be stressed to minimize protocol deviations and in turn guarantee the best protection to HCWs. While ranked as the lowest in infection control hierarchy due to its effectiveness as compared to other measures and high cost, PPE is nonetheless extremely important and often overlooked aspect during early outbreak stages of a pandemic where neither drugs nor vaccines are available and access to them is limited. This paper sheds light on the donning and doffing protocols that should be used as well as discusses this often-overlooked aspect of the virus control measure.
Factors that cause compliance filling medical records in hospitals
Authors: Rahmatiqa Chamy , Abdillah Nurul , Yuniko Fajrilhuda
Published: September 2020

Hospital recording system guidelines or known as medical records. Failure to fill medical records has an impact on the quality of service and hospital accreditation. The purpose of this study is to see what factors are the cause of non-compliance in filling Medical Records in hospitals throughout Indonesia. Research is a systematic review. The source of this research data comes from the literature obtained through the internet in the form of published research results regarding the causes of the inability of medical record documents in hospitals from all journals that have been published and can be accessed via the internet. Data was collected from 15 April 2020-10 July 2020. The results of the analysis through document review showed that the factors causing non-compliance of filling medical record documents at the High Hospital were human resources which were 66.6%, there was no clear and firm policy of 33.3%, facilities that did not support were 22.2% and limited funds by 11.1%. It is expected that each hospital must have a clear and firm policy in dealing with non-compliance with filling out this medical record document. With a clear and firm policy on the condition of HR unpreparedness, the facilities and financial conditions which will also be regulated in the policy can also be overcome at the same time.
Covid-19 prevention by adopting a healthy daily lifestyle
Authors: Mahajan Monalisa
Published: September 2020

The corona virus disease caused by novel coronavirus SARAS-Cov2 is a public health emergency of international concern. Numerous measures have been implemented in many countries to reduce the person to person virus transmission as well as the outbreak. The specific focus of preventive measures is more on the susceptible population of children, healthcare providers, and older people. Many of the people practice safety measures without proper knowledge as to whether these measures are sufficient or not to prevent the spread of the virusAs of this time there has no effective pharmaceutical treatment, there should be adopt a way of prevention that is much helpful than cure.
Serosurveys for SARS-CoV-2: need of the hour
Authors: Madan Siddharth , Yadav Nisha , Sethi Maansi , Rana Gunjan , Sharma Akshi , Bajpai Vidhi
Published: September 2020

This letter is regarding tackling the highly infectious coronavirus disease (COVID-19).Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread across the globe, causing a worldwide pandemic. The total number of cases across the globe is about 11.6 million with over 5 lakh deaths. The number of individuals detected is always less than the actual number of infected, in nearly all respiratory viral pandemics. Rapid Point-of-Care Antigen detection test can detect SARS-CoV-2 early in the field setting. It has moderate sensitivity and high specificity yet limited availability. This test can be employed in the hospitals and containment zones and would aid in contact tracing, isolation of the affected individuals, localized containment and directing quarantine measures. IgG antibodies usually appear after one week of onset of infection and may last for several months. Serosurveys that detect these antibodies using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) help in the assessment of asymptomatic infection in close contacts, enhance the current understanding of the spread of disease, individual’s immune status and in identifying potential plasma donors. Case fatality rate is positively associated with SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence as was demonstrated in the survey conducted in the Spanish population. Immuno-compromised patients, healthcare workers, relatively young working population comprising of bankers, media persons, individuals working at airports, overseas operations and industries, staff in municipal bodies, shopkeepers, vendors, courier services, telecommunication offices, drivers of hospital ambulances, hearse vans, buses, auto-rickshaw, taxies; bus conductors, farmers, electricity workers, migrant labourers who have travelled back from urban and peri-urban areas to rural/tribal; inhabitants of hard to reach areas, prisoners, densely populated regions of the country as well as natives after coming in contact with returned migrant; police and security personnel, those staying in institutional settings and hostels and inhabitants of containment zones should all be tested for the presence of antibodies against the virus.
The primary health care: true advocate of health
Authors: Soumya Chippagiri
Published: September 2020

The health care delivery system in India faces challenges due to disparity in geographical, cultural and economic aspects. Nonetheless, health is an issue which brings all humans under one umbrella. It is primary health care that lays the foundation on which health of the people are built and protected. Realizing the strengthens of the primary health care system is of utmost importance especially in the era of vaccinations and disease eliminations. This requires for the health system to move towards mass approach and heath protection concept sooner than later. And what better way than the primary health care system?
COVID-19 pandemic: insights into human behaviour
Authors: Shah Anuradha Kunal , Ravichandran Prabhadevi , Ravichandran Prabhu
Published: September 2020

COVID-19 has placed an overwhelming burden on health care systems and authorities. In the absence of a vaccine or definitive treatment, widespread social and behavioral changes are critical in mitigating the impact. These are highly influenced by risk perception by the public, protective and preparedness behaviors, and effective communication. Here we have highlighted some of the commonly seen human behaviors during a pandemic crisis.
Herd immunity: basic concepts, epidemiological consideration and its application during pandemic like COVID-19
Authors: Sinha Smita , Chandra Rishita
Published: September 2020

Herd immunity is referred as the indirect protection from infection caused to susceptible individuals when a sufficiently large population of immune individuals exist in a population. The transmission dynamics of a pathogen needs to be well characterized. The basic reproduction number R0 and the effective reproduction number Re are the centric concept in the epidemiology of an infectious disease. The point at which the proportion of susceptible individuals falls below the threshold needed for transmission is known as the herd immunity threshold, and is calculated by 1 – 1/R0. The vaccination programmes and herd immunity complement each other. Through vaccination, a randomly mixed population can be considered immune, once it reaches herd immunity threshold. The proportion of immune individuals should exceed (R0 − 1)/R0, or 1 –1/R0, in order to bring decline in the infection incidence. The vaccine based eradication programmes have been successful in achieving herd immunity for various infectious diseases. As the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 is not well understood and there are no vaccines available, the objective of establishing herd immunity seems to be theoretical. The previous outbreak of SARS-CoV had shown genome instability and hence, to comment over the indirect protection was not found to be appropriate. In the current pandemic caused by a novel virus of the same family, when the availability of vaccines might take 12-18 months, exposing the population to encounter infection with the vision of achieving indirect protection can appear to be detrimental for the nations where health care infrastructure is already not robust.
Long-Term Outcomes and the Quality of Life in Patients with Postoperative Ventral Hernias after Various Surgical Options
Authors: Tarasova Nadezhda К , Dynkov Sergey М , Osmanova Gyulmira Sh , Pozdeev Victor , Teterin Alexey
Published: September 2020

Introduction. Clinical outcomes of surgical treatment of postoperative ventral hernias are to be investigated not only in the nearest but also in the long-term postoperative period. The aim of research was to study the effectiveness of various methods of hernioplasty and the patients' quality of life in the long-term surgical treatment of postoperative ventral hernias.Materials and methods. The authors analyzed the results of surgical treatment of 76 patients with postoperative ventral hernias in the late postoperative period after various methods of hernioplasty during 2006-2017. The average term of follow up examination was 5.7 years. The patients quality of life was assessed using the SF-36 questionnaire; the anterior abdominal wall and the surgical area examination was performed in all patients; the patients were interviewed on adherence to recommendations in the postoperative period. Results. The average physical health index (PH) was 47,271,05, while mental health index (MH) was 52,861,04. These parameters were low due to the age of the patients (60, 231,29 old), as well as the presence of concomitant diseases of the cardiovascular system (80,3%) and obesity (75%). Index of physical health component in sublay and corrective plastics was significantly lower than in autoplastic and onlay disposition of the prosthesis (р0,001). However, the onlay method as well as the corrective technique and autoplasty revealed a high risk of hernia recurrence, and as a result, a decrease in physical and mental health indexes. According to the survey, it was found that more than 50% of the patients did not adhere to the recommendations for restricting physical exertion and wearing a bandage, which also contributed to the hernia recurrence. In 28% of patients reherniation or diastasis recti abdominis was detected in the surgical area. However, the patients did not notice these changes or did not believe in the success of repeated interventions. Conclusion. Thus, the sublay technique proved to be a preferred method of various hernioplasty options. However, a search for more functional prostheses is needed to improve the quality of patients life. To prevent reherniation, patients are strongly recommended to adhere to the terms of wearing the bandage and restricting physical activity. Follow-up examinations of the patients should be performed by healthcare providers to timely reveal and treat recurrent postoperative ventral hernias.
Experimental Modeling of Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Pathogenesis, Predictors, Prevention of the Disease
Authors: Karpova Irina , Molchanova Daria , Ladygina Tatiana
Published: September 2020

Introduction. The incidence rate of necrotizing enterocolitis is 2.4:1000 of newborns. The number of complications reaches 51-68%, and mortality rate varies from 4 to 80%. The aim of the study was to present current data of Russian and foreign experimental studies related to necrotizing enterocolitis in children. Results. Currently, infants with low and very low body weight constitute the most proportion of patients with enterocolitis; the development of the disease in this cohort of patients has its distinctive features. In this regard, the issues of pathogenesis, the impact of risk factors and methods of prevention of the pathological process remain underinvestigated. Experimental models were used to study the features of the toll-interleukin 1 receptor domain containing adapter protein (TIRAP), the etiology of Toll-like receptor 4 expression, and the reasons for the increased levels of inflammatory mediators. The mechanism of intestinal-brain reciprocal communication was confirmed. The role of the bacterial flora and effectiveness of the antibacterial drug effect on this flora was also determined. Biomarkers of enterocolitis, such as an epidermal growth factor, interleukins, claudins 2, 3, 4, were detected using experimental modeling. Various options for disease prevention ranging from ischemic preconditioning to probiotics application and breastfeeding were analyzed, the latter ones having beneficial ability to form natural defenses in newborns. Conclusions. Thus, necrotizing enterocolitis is a severe systemic disease. Experimental modeling allows analyzing the most complex, unsolved problems and introducing novel knowledge into clinical practice.
Bernhard Rudolf Conrad von LANGENBECK - founder and first Chairman of the German society of surgeons(to the 210th of birthday)
Authors: Andreev Alexander Alekseevich , Ostroushko Anton Petrovich
Published: September 2020

Langenbek was born in 1810 in the family of a rural pastor. At 19, he entered the medical faculty of the University of Gttingen, where he graduated with the title of doctor. In 1834, Mr .. He received a doctorate in medicine and after doing scientific practice in Belgium, France and England. In 1838, Bernhard Langenbeck received the title of Privatdocent, in 1841 he was elected extraordinary professor of the Department of Pathological Anatomy of the University of Gttingen, becoming an assistant clinic. B. Langenbek, is developing a number of surgical interventions that bring him wide popularity in the surgical world. Since 1841, B. Langenbek - head of the Department of Surgery in Kiel, then in Berlin. He is the pioneer of German scientific surgery, ensuring its rapid scientific progress in Germany.

Langenbek operates a lot on bones and joints, performs plastic surgeries, pharynx and larynx extirpation, resection of the tongue, removal of the uterus, ovariotomy, etc. Today, more than 20 surgical methods associated with the name of B. Langenbek are known, and a retractor proposed by B. Langenbek is used; hemostatic tourniquet developed by F. Esmarch and Langenbeck.

Langenbeck advocated regular postgraduate education, the establishment of a higher educational institution for military doctors, created the Red Cross Society committee in Germany, the scientific society of military doctors, founded the scientific journal Archive of Clinical Surgery, the German Society of Surgeons, whose first chairman was from 1872 to 1885 Langenbek was awarded the title of Major General and the rank of Actual Privy Councilor. September 29, 1887 Langenbek "suddenly died of a blow." On June 8, 1892, the grand opening of the Langenbeck House, which became the property of the German Society of Surgeons, took place in Berlin. Bernhard Langenbeck remains the first magnitude star among the luminaries of German surgery.
Nut Intake and Risk of Cancer and its Mortality: a Study Protocol for a Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Observational Studies
Authors: Naghshi Sina , Sadeghi Omid , Naemi Mohammad , Moezrad Mehrasa
Published: September 2020

Background: This study protocol outlines the planned, systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of nuts intake with cancer risk and its mortality.
Methods: This meta-analysis will be done based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). A systematic literature search will be conducted using online databases, including PubMed/Medline, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus with no limitation in language or time of publication to identify observational studies investigating the association of nuts intake with cancer risk and its mortality. The target population will be adults (≥18 years of age). Random-effects models will be used to calculate pooled effect sizes (ESs) for the risk of cancer and its mortality based on the comparison between the highest and lowest categories of nut intake and to incorporate variation between studies. Linear and non-linear dose-response analyses will be done to evaluate the dose-response associations between nut intake and risk of cancer and its mortality. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) will be used to assess the risk of bias or quality of included studies.
Conclusion: The findings of this systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis will summarize all available evidence on the association between nut intake and risk of cancer and its mortality.
THE INFLUENCE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPITAL ON WORKPLACE WELLBEING AND EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT AMONG SAUDI WORKFORCE
Authors: Saad Alkahtani Nasser , M M Sulphey , Delany Kevin , Elneel Adow Anass Hamad
Published: September 2020

Purpose of the study: The purpose of the study is to find out the complex relationship between psychological capital (PsyCap), workplace wellbeing (WWB), and employee engagement (E.E.) among the working class of Saudi Arabia.
Methodology: The study which used a cross-sectional quantitative research design made use of three structured, validated questionnaires to collect the required data. Data were randomly collected online from a sample of 395 respondents. The respondents belonged to varying demographics. The data so collected was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the help of the Python program.
Main Findings: The study has found a significant positive relationship between the three constructs of Psychological capital (PsyCap), workplace wellbeing (WWB), and employee engagement (E.E.)in the workplace. A similar significant relationship was also observed between workplace wellbeing and employee engagement.
Applications of this study: The constructs identified for the study are those that help organizations to elicit effective performance from their employees. In the present uncertain world, only a band of engaged, happy, and psychologically strong employees will be capable of facing the multiple challenges of the corporate world. The findings of the study provide directions in this regard to social scientists and researchers.
Novelty/Originality of this study: Though studies have been conducted in the western world about the antecedents and consequences of Psychological Capital (PsyCap), only limited studies have been done in Saudi Arabia and its neighbouring countries. The study has succeeded in enriching social science literature in this regard. There is ample scope for further research in this regard by including certain other constructs.
Application and coherence of the model of restorative justice in Europe
Authors: Iudici Antonio , Laura Princivalli , Faccio Elena , Neri Jessica
Published: September 2020

Even in a spirited debate about its effectiveness and sustainability, restorative justice is now considered a new systematic legal proposal. The requirements of this meta-model include a criminal phenomenon through relational and inter-subjective reading, considering the crime in terms of injury to people. Also, they pose considerable attention to the needs of the victim and programme restorative actions on authors of the crime. This approach is sometimes considered difficult to apply. Starting from the legal environment to existing literature, this research investigates the coherence between the meta-theoretical framework of reparative justice and some operational practices implemented in different European countries. With a systematic review of practices considered, it has outlined the state of the art of its application, describing critical issues and strengths, as well as providing important points, to be considered for theorists, professionals and experts involved in the development of alternative models to punishment.

 

Keywords: Restorative justice, penal justice, offender, victim, review.

tim, Review.
Management in the Hypermodernity
Authors: Özdemir Feriha
Published: September 2020

Abstract

 

This study will discuss the transformation to a new paradigm of management in a world of volatility, uncertainty, complexity und ambiguity, that is called the VUCA-world [13] and have have great effects on organizations that face externally and internally changes and struggle between old and new management philosophies. Organizations with path-dependencies on trivial assumptions reach their limits in a VUCA-world so that they have to rethink their future vitality. Conventional management approaches interpret companies as easy handling machines with obvious behavior. In this context, monocultural companies are past-orientated, too rigid and less able to learn from experiences and adapt accordingly with a lack of creativity and innovation.

There are several proposals to reinvent organizations such as living systems that have evolutionary purpose [11]. Ortmann [15] defines the time after the postmodernity as the hypermodernity that requires to manage contingency and dynamic complexity. That has effects on new management paradigm. This explorative literature review presents the relational management approach in the hypermodernity that is based on systemic-relational assumptions as this proposal is characterized by high sensitivity for complex fields such as Big Data. This leads to an iterative learning process design of enabling and empowering management of capabilities towards handling multioptions and contingent environments in the digital age.

 

Keywords: Hypermodernity, management, complexity, process design.
Educational games for miss-concentration students (ADHD students)
Authors: Elsayed Mohamed , Salama Ramiz
Published: September 2020

Increasing a kid’s concentration is a major problem for both teachers and parents, but the presence of educational games solves almost 70% of this problem and the other percentage relies on teacher and parent roles to increase the kid’s concentration using different methods and this is the main role of our game here. Our game’s name is Cube Invasion and we derived its name out from its context because it is a 3D game with cubes which surround the kid’s player and he try to hit most of the boxes to get the highest score in a less time and tries not to lose to the time or not get the least amount of score to pass the level. We can achieve our goal of the game (increasing the kid’s concentration level) by making the game’s surroundings a lot harder in the intercourse of the game; so we have here four kinds of surroundings for the kid to interact with—green box: this is the main box for the kid to hit; yellow box: this is a box with a negative attitude that the kid should be aware of; white box: this is a box for increasing time if he runs out of time; red box: this is a rare box and it appears and disappears in a second and requires a high concentration level to hit it. We used Unity game engine for gaming control and programming because it is the most famous game engine right now and it provides a lot of helpful things for the kid to interact with. We use the after effects for the game design and development of both introduction video, game components and animation of the game. Our game storyline talks about a peaceful planet called Pill-earth where everyone loves each other. We have our hero and his lover (girlfriend) sitting in the park and all of a sudden an invasion of cubes comes to the planet to occupy it and spread hatred among the planet’s inhabitants. They abduct the hero’s girlfriend and he gets angry and tries to restore her and free the planet from this disastrous occupation. At last, he succeeds in killing the leader and restoring his lover and freeing the planet. This story makes the child interact more with the game.

 

Keywords: ADHD treatment, educational games, FPS games.