bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A systematic review on gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Chong Serena , Lin Mike , Chong Deborah , Jensen Slade , Lau Namson S.
Published: January 2025

Aims/hypothesis

The gut microbiota play crucial roles in the digestion and degradation of nutrients, synthesis of biological agents, development of the immune system, and maintenance of gastrointestinal integrity. Gut dysbiosis is thought to be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), one of the world’s fastest growing diseases. The aim of this systematic review is to identify differences in the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota in individuals with T2DM.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted to identify studies reporting on the difference in gut microbiota composition between individuals with T2DM and healthy controls. Relevant studies were evaluated, and their characteristics and results were extracted using a standardized data extraction form. The studies were assessed for risk of bias and their findings were reported narratively.

Results

58 observational studies published between 2010 and 2024 were included. Beta diversity was commonly reported to be different between individuals with T2DM and healthy individuals. Genera Lactobacillus, Escherichia-Shigella, Enterococcus, Subdoligranulum and Fusobacteria were found to be positively associated; while Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Roseburia, Faecalibacteirum and Prevotella were found to be negatively associated with T2DM.

Conclusions

This systematic review demonstrates a strong association between T2DM and gut dysbiosis, as evidenced by differential microbial abundances and altered diversity indices. Among these taxa, Escherichia-Shigella is consistently associated with T2DM, whereas Faecalibacterium prausnitzii appears to offer a protective effect against T2DM. However, the heterogeneity and observational nature of these studies preclude the establishment of causative relationships. Future research should incorporate age, diet and medication-matched controls, and include functional analysis of these gut microbes.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42023459937.
Application of adaptive virtual synchronous generator based on improved active power loop in photovoltaic storage systems
Authors: Zheng Youzhuo , Xu Yutao , Yang Yekui , Hua Long , Yang Yuqing
Published: January 2025

In the process of integrating distributed energy, photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems encounter issues of intermittency and volatility, posing significant challenges to the stability of the power grid. Numerous studies have explored various control strategies to address these challenges, including droop control, virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control, and others. However, existing methods often struggle to provide sufficient inertia and damping support to the power system, particularly under dynamic conditions. This paper aims to address these limitations by introducing an adaptive inertia control method based on an improved active power loop in a PV-storage system. This method aims to optimize the impact and instability phenomena that occur during the integration of distributed PV, reduce system fluctuations, decrease the overshoot of oscillations, and enhance the dynamic performance of the system. Firstly, the mathematical models and control methods of photovoltaic cells and batteries are introduced. Secondly, the control principle of the traditional VSG is explained. Then, the adaptive inertia algorithm is incorporated into the active power loop of the VSG control, and an adaptive inertia control method based on the improved active power loop is proposed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through simulations.
Therapeutic plasma exchange accelerates immune cell recovery in severe COVID-19
Authors: Guironnet-Paquet Aurelie , Hamzeh-Cognasse Hind , Berard Frederic , Cognasse Fabrice , Richard Jean Christophe , Yonis Hodane , Mezidi Mehdi , Desebbe Olivier , Delannoy Bertrand , Demeret Sophie , Marois Clemence , Saheb Samir , Le Quoc Viet , Schoeffler Mathieu , Pugliesi Paul Simon , Debord Sophie , Bastard Paul , Cobat Aurélie , Casanova Jean Laurent , Pescarmona Rémi , Viel Sébastien , Nicolas Jean François , Nosbaum Audrey , Vocanson Marc , Hequet Olivier
Published: January 2025

Background

Immunological disturbances (anti-type I IFN auto-antibody production, cytokine storm, lymphopenia, T-cell hyperactivation and exhaustion) are responsible for disease exacerbation during severe COVID-19 infections.

Methods

In this study, we set up a prospective, randomised clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04751643) and performed therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in severe COVID-19 patients in order to decrease excess cytokines and auto-antibodies and to assess whether adding TPE to the standard treatment (ST, including corticosteroids plus high-flow rate oxygen) could help restore immune parameters and limit the progression of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Results

As expected, performing TPE decreased the amount of anti-type I IFN auto-antibodies and improved the elimination or limited the production of certain inflammatory mediators (IL-18, IL-7, CCL2, CCL3, etc.) circulating in the blood of COVID-19 patients, compared to ST controls. Interestingly, while TPE did not influence changes in ARDS parameters throughout the protocol, it proved more effective than ST in reversing lymphopenia, preventing T-cell hyperactivation and reducing T-cell exhaustion, notably in a fraction of TPE patients who had an early favourable respiratory outcome. TPE also restored appropriate numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T–cell memory populations and increased the number of circulating virus-specific T cells in these patients.

Conclusion

Our results therefore indicate that the addition of TPE sessions to the standard treatment accelerates immune cell recovery and contributes to the development of appropriate antiviral T-cell responses in some patients with severe COVID-19 disease.
The prognostic value of circulating tumor DNA in malignant melanoma patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Lei , Hou Shufu , Zhu Aiping , Yan Bing , Li Linchuan , Song Dandan
Published: January 2025

Background

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is an emerging biomarker in malignant melanoma(MM), and high levels of ctDNA may reflect a higher tumor load. However, its prognostic value for MM receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICI) remains controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to elucidate the prognostic significance of ctDNA in this patient population.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive search of the PubMed, Cochrane Library, CNKI, and EMBASE databases, including studies published up to August 15, 2024, to investigate the prognostic impact of ctDNA in MM patients treated with ICI. Using a fixed-effects model, we systematically evaluated the association between ctDNA levels and key survival outcomes, including overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Additionally, funnel plots, Begg’s test, and Egger’s test were employed to assess potential publication bias.

Results

Twelve studies from eleven articles, involving a total of 1063 eligible MM patients receiving ICI therapy, were included. The results indicated that patients with detectable ctDNA before initiating ICI therapy had significantly poorer OS (HR = 3.19, 95% CI = 2.22–4.58, P < 0.001) and PFS (HR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.61–2.69, P < 0.001). Furthermore, the detectability of ctDNA during treatment was also significantly associated with worse OS (HR = 4.57, 95% CI = 3.03–6.91, P < 0.001) and PFS (HR = 3.79, 95% CI = 2.13–6.75, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

This meta-analysis indicates that in MM patients receiving ICI therapy, detectable and high levels of ctDNA are significantly associated with poorer OS and PFS. Therefore, ctDNA can serve as a diagnostic and stratification tool prior to treatment, as well as an effective indicator for monitoring treatment response and disease progression.

Systematic Review Registration

www.inplasy.com, identifier INPLASY2024110018.
Ultrasound analysis of hemidiaphragm function in case of pleural effusion
Authors: Boussuges Martin , Bregeon Fabienne , D’Journo Xavier Benoit , Boussuges Alain
Published: January 2025

Background

Diaphragm dysfunction is frequently observed in patients with pleural effusion. The aim of the study was to determine the criteria for estimating the impact of pleural fluid on diaphragm function and detecting impairment of diaphragmatic muscle.

Methods

This was a retrospective observational study carried out in a university hospital. Cases of free pleural effusion were recruited from the ultrasound consultation of the lung function test laboratory. The quantification of pleural effusion and analysis of diaphragmatic function were performed using chest ultrasound performed while sitting. In case of abnormal diaphragmatic motion, the examination was repeated in supine position.

Results

109 pleural effusions (57 left, 52 right) were included in the analysis. Pleural effusions were detected after thoracic surgery in 89% of cases and in the context of medical disease in other cases. Excursion during deep inspiration was reduced by the amount of fluid (4.3 ± 2.1 cm for small effusions, 3.2 ± 1.7 cm for moderate effusions and 1.1 ± 1.8 cm for large effusions). In 23 cases of large pleural effusion, the excursions during deep inspiration were always below the lower limit of normal. In some cases, a paradoxical motion suggesting hemidiaphragm paralysis was observed. When the inspiratory thickening was normal, the paradoxical excursions disappeared in supine position. In moderate pleural effusion (53 cases), hemidiaphragm excursion was above lower limit of normal in 68% of cases. In cases of paradoxical motions, repeated ultrasound examinations were in favor of hemidiaphragm paralysis. In small pleural effusion (32 cases) the excursion was most often normal.

Conclusion

The ultrasound analysis of diaphragm excursion and thickening in sitting and supine positions is useful to assess the impact of pleural effusion and detect impairment in diaphragm muscle function.
Characterization of three novel Helicobacter species infecting stomachs of dogs and cats: Helicobacter gastrocanis sp. nov., Helicobacter gastrofelis sp. nov., and Helicobacter felistomachi sp. nov.
Authors: Rimbara Emiko , Aoki Sae , Suzuki Masato , Kobayashi Hirotaka , Nakagawa Taisuke , Goto-Koshino Yuko , Nomura Sachiyo , Du Wan-Ying , Matsui Hidenori , Mori Shigetarou , Shibayama Keigo , Kenri Tsuyoshi , Ohno Koichi
Published: January 2025

Helicobacter species infecting the stomachs of dogs and cats are potentially pathogenic and have been isolated from patients with gastric diseases. In the present study conducted in Japan, among the nine Helicobacter strains that we isolated from dogs and cats, NHP19-003T from a dog, and strains NHP19-012T and NHP21-005T from cats were identified to be the strains most closely related to Helicobacter heilmannii ASB1T based on a 16S rRNA comparison (98.7–99.2% similarity with H. heilmannii ASB1T). However, none of their whole genomes showed more than average nucleotide identity (ANI) threshold value (95–96%) to any Helicobacter species (85.1, 86.7, and 86.6% ANI, respectively, with H. heilmannii ASB1T), including when compared to each other. Furthermore, NHP19-003T, NHP19-012T, and NHP21-005T exhibited protein profiles different from known gastric Helicobacter species, as revealed by MALDI-TOF MS, indicating that they are novel Helicobacter species. We, thus, propose these novel Helicobacter species as follows: Helicobacter gastrocanis sp. nov. (type strain NHP19-003T [=JCM 39159T = DSM 111619T]), Helicobacter gastrofelis sp. nov. (type strain NHP19-012T [=JCM 39160T]) and Helicobacter felistomachi sp. nov. (type strain NHP21-005T [=JCM 39513T]). These novel strains have respective GC content values of 48.3, 46.9, and 47.1%. Phylogenetic analysis based on ureAB gene sequences obtained from gastric specimens from 47 dogs and 24 cats in Japan revealed that 29.8% of dogs were infected with H. gastrocanis, while H. gastrofelis infected 44.7% of dogs and 12.5% of cats. Additionally, 10.6% of dogs and 20.8% of cats were infected with H. felistomachi. Animal experiments have confirmed that these three novel species elicit gastric inflammatory responses. This study findings reveal the prevalence of novel gastric Helicobacter species in dogs and cats in Japan and their pathogenicity.
Phylodynamic reconstruction of major chicken infectious anemia virus clades epidemiology, dispersal, and evolution
Authors: Franzo Giovanni , Legnardi Matteo , Poletto Francesca , Baston Riccardo , Faustini Giulia , Cecchinato Mattia , Tucciarone Claudia Maria
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Immunosuppressive diseases, such as chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV), pose a major threat to livestock farming due to reduced disease resistance, poor vaccine response, and overall poor productivity. CIAV, recognized globally for decades, shows a significant genetic diversity, but its implications remain underexplored.

Methods

This study analyzed over 1,000 VP1 sequences and examined CIAV’s epidemiology, evolution, and spread with various phylodynamic and phylogeographic approaches.

Results

Findings suggest that CIAV likely originated in Japan in the early 20th century, followed by worldwide diversification in two main clades. Both clades exhibited no significant competition and similar global patterns, characterized by a progressive increase until about 2000, when a transient decline was observed for some years, potentially reflecting the increasing use of vaccines. Accordingly, although significant selective pressures were shaping viral evolution, comparable strengths were estimated in the two viral populations. The phylogeographic analysis identified several connections involving also distantly related regions, and more generally, multiple introduction events occurred in several countries and were followed by local evolution, indicative of unconstrained viral circulation.

Discussion

Overall, the study highlights the ongoing circulation and evolution of different CIAV variants worldwide, where biosecurity measures and vaccination appear insufficient to prevent viral presence and dispersal.
Exploring the impact of the stargazin V143L mutation on the dynamics of the AMPA receptor: stargazin complex
Authors: Gouveia Raquel P. , Barreto Carlos A. V. , Melo Rita , Carvalho Ana Luísa , Moreira Irina S.
Published: January 2025

Stargazin, a transmembrane AMPAR regulatory protein (TARP), plays a crucial role in facilitating the transport of AMPA receptors to the cell surface, stabilising their localisation at synapses and influencing their gating properties. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the V143L mutation in stargazin, previously linked to intellectual disability, on the interaction between stargazin and AMPA receptors. To achieve this, we conducted a thorough examination of eight distinct molecular dynamics simulations of AMPA receptor-stargazin complexes, each associated with different conductance levels. Through extensive analysis of complex interface structures and dynamics, we revealed that the stargazin V143L mutation had a more pronounced destabilising effect on complexes with lower conductance levels than on the conductive states of the receptor, suggesting a potential association with impaired synaptic transmission in individuals with this mutation.
Hyaluronidase-induced matrix remodeling contributes to long-term synaptic changes
Authors: Sokolov Rostislav , Krut' Viktoriya , Belousov Vsevolod , Rozov Andrey , Mukhina Irina V.
Published: January 2025

Extracellular brain space contains water, dissolved ions, and multiple other signaling molecules. The neural extracellular matrix (ECM) is also a significant component of the extracellular space. The ECM is synthesized by neurons, astrocytes, and other types of cells. Hyaluronan, a hyaluronic acid polymer, is a key component of the ECM. The functions of hyaluronan include barrier functions and signaling. In this article, we investigate physiological processes during the acute phase of enzymatic ECM removal. We found that hyaluronidase, an ECM removal agent, triggers simultaneous membrane depolarization and sharp calcium influx into neurons. Spontaneous action potential firing frequency increased rapidly after ECM destruction in interneurons, but not pyramidal neurons. Hyaluronidase-dependent calcium entry can be blocked by a selective antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, revealing these receptors as the main player in the observed phenomenon. Additionally, we demonstrate increased NMDA-dependent long-term potentiation at CA3-to-CA1 synapses during the acute phase of ECM removal. These findings suggest that hyaluronan is a significant synaptic player.
Research hotspots and trends of acupoint and pain based on PubMed: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Wu Zhulin , Tan Wanjun , Li Siyi , Zhang Weiqing , Lai Mingbo , Luo Weijun
Published: January 2025

Objective

Acupoint-related interventions are the widely utilized modalities in traditional Chinese medicine for the alleviation of pain. This study aims to identify research hotspots and trends by conducting a bibliometric analysis of the relevant literature on acupoint and pain, thereby elucidating future research directions in this field.

Method

A comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed for literature pertaining to acupoint and pain from January 2010 to August 2024. Subsequent bibliometric analyses, encompassing statistical evaluation of bibliographic data, keyword cluster analysis, and co-occurrence analysis, were conducted utilizing the Medpulse database and the Bibliometrix R-package.

Results

A total of 742 articles from 179 journals were included in the analysis, with the majority focusing on complementary and alternative medicine or comprehensive research. The number of publications in this field has shown a consistent annual increase, involving contributions from 19 different countries of corresponding authors. China had the greatest contribution with 407 articles followed by Korea with 25 articles. The leading institutions in terms of publication volume are Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, and Kyung Hee University. The topics covered in these articles include acupuncture, transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS), randomized controlled trials, analgesia, zusanli (st36), systematic review, and anxiety, among others. The main cluster themes are intervention methods for various acupoints and the assessment of their efficacy.

Conclusion

The bibliometric analysis has identified the intervention methods of acupoints and the evaluation of their efficacy in pain management as emerging research focal points. Additionally, anxiety is anticipated to emerge as a future research direction within this domain.
Increased intake of marine fish contributed to a decreased odds of comorbid depressive symptoms and coronary heart disease in Chinese adults
Authors: Fan Yuncao , Chen Wei , Lin Wenhui , Jin Jungu , Lou Enyu , Lao Jiaying , Chen Yu-Hsin , Shao Jianzhi , Wang Qizeng , Jiang Qingxi , Wang Fan , Xu Jinzhong , Liu Yanlong , Yang Bo
Published: January 2025

Backgrounds

Increased consumption of fish has beneficial impacts upon emotional health; however, this benefit for comorbid depressive symptoms and coronary heart disease (DCHD) is not fully clear. We aimed to investigate the relationship between consumption of marine fish and DCHD in Chinese adults.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in 1,106 participants aged 25–95 years living in Taizhou, China. Fish intakes were assessed by using a validated food frequency questionnaire, with their tertiles as category levels of ≤1 time/week, 2–6 times/week, and ≥7 times/week. Coronary heart disease (CHD) was diagnosed using the coronary angiography, while the concurrent depressive symptoms was indicated using ≥8 scores from hospital anxiety and depression scales (HADS). Primary measurements were the prevalent DCHD, presented as multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

A total of 932 participants were included, 88 (9.44%) participants with depressive symptoms, 477 (51.18%) CHD, and 106 (11.37%) DCHD, respectively. Participants at the highest tertile of fish intake have a lower odds of DCHD compared with those at the lowest (OR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.20, 0.58), with 42% reductions in odds of DCHD for per one-tertile (3 times/week) increase (OR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.45, 0.76). The beneficial associations were pronounced with decreased odds of depressive symptom (OR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.20, 0.47), but not with CHD (OR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.59, 1.29).

Conclusions

Increased consumption of marine fish is associated with decreased severity of depressive symptoms, which might have great benefits toward comorbid depressive symptom and with coronary heart diseases.
Response to trastuzumab deruxtecan and delayed immune-related events in a patient with metastatic HER2-positive NSCLC: a case report and literature review
Authors: Wang Lu , Wen Shidi , Zhu Wenjia , Zhang Zhiyang , Cheng Yuejuan
Published: January 2025

Trastuzumab deruxtecan (DS-8201) is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) designed to target HER2 mutations. We reported a case study demonstrating a favorable response to DS-8201 in a patient with HER2 mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who exhibited resistance to initial immunotherapy, along with delayed immune-related events of hypoadrenocorticism occurring five months after discontinuation of immune checkpoint inhibitors. After reviewing the relevant literature, we discussed the mechanism of ADC agents underlying their anti-tumor activity and the potential impact of DS-8201 on the tumor microenvironment. This case highlights the efficacy of DS-8201 in NSCLC, particularly in individuals who have failed first-line immunotherapy, and provide valuable insights for clinicians exploring innovative strategies for the management of patients with lung cancer.
Predictors and time to poor management outcomes among pediatric patients hospitalized with pneumonia in the Gedeo Zone, southern Ethiopia: a prospective follow-up study
Authors: Alemu Wagaye , Ademassu Mebirat , Belayneh Firehiwot , Gebeyehu Yabibal , Zenebe Getachew Assefa , Lerango Temesgen Leka
Published: January 2025

Background

Pneumonia and other lower respiratory tract infections are the leading causes of death worldwide. Accurate diagnosis, identification of complications and underlying conditions, and appropriate treatment are essential for preventing pneumonia-related morbidity and mortality. Children in developing countries, such as Ethiopia, are at risk of contracting pneumonia, which could lead to death if not treated correctly. Therefore, we sought to assess the predictors and time to management outcomes among pediatric patients hospitalized with pneumonia in the Gedeo Zone, southern Ethiopia.

Methods

A multicenter, institution-based prospective follow-up study was conducted among 484 pediatric patients hospitalized with pneumonia in the Gedeo Zone, southern Ethiopia. The data were entered into EpiInfo version 7 and exported to STATA version 15 for analysis. Survival analysis using a Cox proportional hazards model was performed to identify predictors of poor management outcomes. Associations between predictors and poor management outcomes were estimated using a p-value <0.05 and adjusted hazards ratios (AHR) with 95% CIs.

Results

Among the 484 patients admitted with pneumonia, 381 (78.7%) recovered, 16 (3.3%) died, 6 (1.2%) were transferred out, and 81 (16.7%), defaulted. Over the study period, the incidence rate of poor management outcomes was 4 per 100 person-days of observation, while the incidence rate of recovery was 15 per 100 person-days of observation. According to the multivariable Cox regression analysis, the factors significantly associated with poor management outcomes were comorbidities at admission (AHR = 2.27, 95% CI: 1.01–5.26), age (AHR = 5.96, 95% CI: 2.71–13.1), nutritional status (AHR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.08–3.17), and residence (AHR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.05–2.34).

Conclusion

The incidence rate of poor management outcomes was 4 per 100 person-days of observation. Comorbidities at admission, age, nutritional status, and place of residence were statistically significant predictors of poor management outcomes.
Genetic screening strategy for children with hereditary spherocytosis in Jiangxi Province of China
Authors: Wu Chongjun , Xu Zhongjin , Wan Qian , Chen Feng , Ye Yao , Wang Hong
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the clinical phenotypic characteristics of children with anemia of unknown etiology, particularly focusing on the early detection of hereditary spherocytosis (HS) and exploring genetic screening strategies for this condition in childhood.

Methods

The study included children with anemia whose underlying cause could not be definitively identified through routine clinical diagnosis. Clinical data was collected and genetic diagnosis of HS was confirmed using next-generation sequencing. Statistical analysis was conducted to evaluate the clinical characteristics of children with HS.

Results

A total of thirty children with unexplained anemia were included in the study, resulting in a gene detection diagnostic rate of 80%. This included the identification of five non-HS-related congenital anemia genes (16.66%, 5/30) and nineteen cases of hereditary spherocytosis (HS). Upon initial diagnosis, the clinical features of HS were not significantly distinct compared to other forms of anemia.

Conclusion

In Jiangxi, China, our strategy of genetic screening for these children is feasible after excluding the common causes of anemia, such as nutritional anemia, G-6-PD deficiency, thalassemia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and myelopoietic abnormalities in children. This is an exploration to establish a genetic screening strategy for children with HS, and more detailed genetic screening strategies need to be further studied and explored. Next-generation sequencing remains the main method for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of HS.
Safety of dupilumab in Chinese pediatric patients aged 6 months and older: a prospective real-world study
Authors: Chen Yanhua , Ni Jiang , Li Ming , Hong Yuan , Zhu Kouzhu , Hong Rong , Deng Li , Li Zhijie , Pu Jie , Yang Ting , Wang Yan
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study analyzes the occurrence and characteristics of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of dupilumab in children in a real-world setting. It aims to enhance clinical practice and minimize medication safety risks in pediatric patients.

Methods

This prospective study included children receiving dupilumab in the hospital between January 2022 and December 2023. Information on ADRs was collected and univariate and multivariate analyses were employed to identify high-risk factors for the occurrence of adverse effects in dupilumab treatment.

Results

A total of 65 ADRs occurred in 1,103 treatments in 127 patients, with an incidence of 27.56% (35/127). A total of 62 patients aged 6 or below participated in this study, accounting for 48.82%. Univariate analysis showed that gender, age, duration of medication, frequency of dupilumab use were risk factors for the occurrence of adverse effects (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age [odds ratio [OR]: 0.071, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.012–0.433; P = 0.004] and frequency of dupilumab use (OR: 3.306, 95% CI: 1.078–10.135; P = 0.036) were risk factors for adverse effects. The outcomes of ADRs were improved in 10 cases (15.38%) and completely recovered in 55 cases (84.62%).

Conclusion

Dupilumab has a good safety profile in Chinese children aged 6 months to 18 years for up to 2 years of treatment, with most adverse reactions being mild to moderate, and no serious ocular adverse reactions were reported. Age and frequency of dupilumab use were risk factors for adverse effects. Younger age and higher frequency of dupilumab use were associated with higher odds of ADRs.
Hyperboloidal approach to quasinormal modes
Authors: Panosso Macedo Rodrigo , Zenginoğlu Anıl
Published: January 2025

Oscillations of black hole spacetimes exhibit divergent behavior near the bifurcation sphere and spatial infinity. In contrast, these oscillations remain regular when evaluated near the event horizon and null infinity. The hyperboloidal approach provides a natural framework to bridge these regions smoothly, resulting in a geometric regularization of time-harmonic oscillations, known as quasinormal modes (QNMs). This review traces the development of the hyperboloidal approach to QNMs in asymptotically flat spacetimes, emphasizing both the physical motivation and recent advancements in the field. By providing a geometric perspective, the hyperboloidal approach offers an elegant framework for understanding black hole oscillations, with implications for improving numerical simulations, stability analysis, and the interpretation of gravitational wave signals.
An explainable Bi-LSTM model for winter wheat yield prediction
Authors: Joshi Abhasha , Pradhan Biswajeet , Chakraborty Subrata , Varatharajoo Renuganth , Alamri Abdullah , Gite Shilpa , Lee Chang-Wook
Published: January 2025

Accurate, reliable and transparent crop yield prediction is crucial for informed decision-making by governments, farmers, and businesses regarding food security as well as agricultural business and management. Deep learning (DL) methods, particularly Long Short-Term Memory networks, have emerged as one of the most widely used architectures in yield prediction studies, providing promising results. Although other sequential DL methods like 1D Convolutional Neural Networks (1D-CNN) and Bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) have shown high accuracy for various tasks, including crop yield prediction, their application in regional scale crop yield prediction remains largely unexplored. Interpretability is another pressing and challenging issue in DL-based crop yield prediction, a factor that ensures the reliability of the model. Thus, this study aims to develop and implement an explainable DL model capable of accurately predicting crop yield and providing explanations for the predictions. To achieve this, we developed three state-of-the-art sequential DL models: LSTM, 1D CNN, and Bi-LSTM. We then employed three popular interpretability techniques: Local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LIME), Integrated Gradient (IG) and Shapley Additive Explanation (SHAP) to understand the decision-making process of the models. The Bi-LSTM model outperformed other models in terms of predictive performance (R2 up to 0.88) and generalizability across locations and ranges of yield data. Explainability analysis reveals that enhanced vegetation index (EVI), temperature and precipitation at later stages of crop growth are most important in determining Winter wheat yield. Further, we demonstrated that XAI methods can also be used to understand the decision-making process of the models, to understand instances such as high- and low-yield samples, to find possible explanations for erroneous predictions, and to identify regions impacted by particular stress. By employing advanced DL techniques along with an innovative approach to explainability, this study achieves highly accurate yield prediction while providing intuitive insights into the model’s decision-making process.
Interrogating artificial agency
Authors: Wong Hong Yu
Published: January 2025

Can artificial systems act? In the literature we find two camps: sceptics and believers. But the issue of whether artificial systems can act and, if so, how, has not been systematically discussed. This is a foundational question for the philosophy of AI. I sketch a methodological approach to investigating the agency of artificial systems from architectural and behavioural perspectives.
Mechanisms of foreign language learning anxiety and enhancement strategies among Chinese tertiary students: a grounded theory approach
Authors: Gao Junxia , Zuo Yanpeng
Published: January 2025

Given the dynamic and contextual nature of foreign language learning anxiety (FLLA) and its impact on language acquisition, this study aims to gain a deeper understanding of the factors and mechanisms that underlie FLLA. Utilizing Nvivo 12 and grounded theory, the study conducts a coding analysis of interview data from tertiary students from 16 higher institutions in China, and reflection journals from two classes at a vocational college in China. The analysis identifies two core categories of anxiety: external sociocultural factors and internal self-regulation issues. The study constructs a model which indicates that external factors, such as maladaptation to the academic transition, disconnection between high school and university curricula, and intense academic competition, directly contribute to this anxiety. Intense academic competition raises students’ self-expectations, exacerbates time management difficulties, and further intensifies their anxiety. Additionally, a vicious cycle develops between students’ foreign language learning anxiety and their internal motivation and self-efficacy. To alleviate this anxiety, the study proposes teaching strategies to foster positive emotions, including enhancing self-regulation, instilling a growth mindset, promoting flow experiences, cultivating a positive self-concept, and creating a supportive classroom atmosphere. Future research should adopt a dynamic complexity theory perspective to explore trends in anxiety and its relationships with other affective factors, with the goal of developing more effective interventions.
Catastrophic health expenditure associated with non-inpatient costs among middle-aged and older individuals in China
Authors: Zhang Xiaojuan , Zhu Kun
Published: January 2025

Background

Since their establishment, the two predominant social health insurance schemes in China, Urban Employee Medical Insurance (UEMIS) and Urban and Rural Residents’ Medical Insurance (URRMS), have primarily focused on covering non-inpatient expenditure, while costs associated with outpatient care and pharmaceutical purchases have been largely excluded from the insurance benefit package. This study intends to analyze the distribution of non-hospitalization expenditure and assess resulting financial risks, with an objective to reform the health insurance benefit package by including coverage for non-hospitalization costs.

Methods

The primary data were obtained from the 2018 wave of CHARLS, encompassing a total of 12942 individuals for analysis. Assess the financial risk associated with non-hospitalization expenses through catastrophic health expenditures (CHE) and examine the determinants of CHE using logistic regression analysis.

Results

Over 60% of the participants availed non-inpatient services in the month preceding the investigation. A smaller proportion (14.26 and 14.28% for UEMIS and URRMS enrollee, respectively) utilized outpatient services provided by medical institutions, while a larger proportion (54.20 and 56.91% for UEMIS and URRMS enrollee, respectively) purchased medication from pharmacies. The study reveals a distinct subgroup of participants (8.91 and 6.82% for UEMIS and URRMS enrollee, respectively) who incurs substantial out-of-pocket non-inpatient expenditure, surpassing 1,000 RMB per month. However, reimbursement for non-inpatient expenditures is significantly limited under the two predominant health insurance schemes, and there is minimal disparity in the distribution of non-inpatient expenses before and after insurance reimbursement. The prevalence of CHE resulting from non-inpatient costs was substantial, particularly among participants enrolled in URRMS (25.06%) compared to those enrolled in UEMIS (14.26%). The presence of chronic diseases, advanced age, and limited financial resources are all determinants contributing to the occurrence of CHE.

Conclusion

The incorporation of non-inpatient expenses into China’s fundamental health insurance plan remains a contentious issue, given the limited available evidence. This study presents empirical evidence underscoring the significance of non-inpatient expenditures as a determinant of financial risk, thereby emphasizing the imperative to adjust China’s fundamental health insurance benefit package in order to address risks associated with non-inpatient costs, particularly among individuals with chronic illnesses and limited income.
Evaluation of the resistome and gut microbiome composition of hospitalized patients in a health unit of southern Brazil coming from a high animal husbandry production region
Authors: Coltro Elisa Pires , Cafferati Beltrame Lucas , da Cunha Caroline Ribeiro , Zamparette Caetana Paes , Feltrin Clarissa , Benetti Filho Vilmar , Vanny Patrícia de Almeida , Beduschi Filho Sérgio , Klein Taíse Costa Ribeiro , Scheffer Mara Cristina , Palmeiro Jussara Kasuko , Wagner Glauber , Sincero Thaís Cristine Marques , Zárate-Bladés Carlos Rodrigo
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant threat to global public health. The One Health approach, which integrates human, animal, and environmental health, highlights the roles of agricultural and hospital settings in the propagation of AMR. This study aimed to analyze the resistome and gut microbiome composition of individuals from a high-intensity animal husbandry area in the western region of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil, who were subsequently admitted to the University Hospital in the city of Florianopolis, located in the eastern part of the same state.

Methods

Rectal swab samples were collected upon admission and discharge. Metagenomic sequencing and resistome analysis were employed to identify antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and their associated bacterial taxa. Additionally, the impact of the hospital environment on the resistome and microbiome profiles of these patients was assessed.

Results

A total of 247 genetic elements related to AMR were identified, with 66.4% of these elements present in both admission and discharge samples. Aminoglycoside resistance genes were the most prevalent, followed by resistance genes for tetracyclines and lincosamides. Notably, unique resistance genes, including dfrF and mutations in gyrB, were identified at discharge. ARGs were associated with 55 bacterial species, with Lactobacillus fermentum, harboring the ermB gene. (MLSB), detected in both admission and discharge samples. The most prevalent bacterial families included Mycobacteriaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Bacteroidaceae. Among these, Mycobacteriaceae was the most abundant, with ARGs primarily associated with mutations in the 16S rRNA gene, RNA polymerase subunits, and gyrases.

Discussion

The study revealed a high prevalence of genes related to aminoglycoside and tetracycline resistance, with a notable increase in certain resistance determinants at discharge, likely influenced by extended antimicrobial use. The presence of mcr genes, associated with colistin resistance, in both admission and discharge samples from a single patient highlights a concerning trend in AMR, particularly in relation to animal husbandry. These findings underscore the substantial impact of antimicrobial use on resistance development and the complex dynamics of the resistome in hospital settings. They also emphasize the influence of local factors, such as intensive animal production, on resistance patterns and advocate for ongoing surveillance and policy development to manage multidrug-resistant bacteria eVectively.
Case Report: Rehabilitation of a giant meniscus cyst with a mixed tear
Authors: Ji Jing , Wang Yali , Li Xitao , Wang Yuling
Published: January 2025

Giant meniscus cysts combined with mixed tears are relatively uncommon in clinical practice. The primary objective of rehabilitation is to restore knee joint function and prevent cyst recurrence. In this article, we discuss a series of rehabilitation strategies implemented for a patient who experienced both a giant meniscus cyst and a mixed tear.
Case Report: Management of a case of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in a second-kidney transplant patient
Authors: Shettar Supreeta R. , Sumana Mahadevaiah Neelambike , Shetty Manjunath S. , Maheshwarappa Yogeesh D. , Raghukanth Reddy G. , Srinivasan Asha , Vamshi Dharan P. , Kalyatanda Gautam , Veerabhadra Swamy G. S. , Chinchana Shylaja Eshwarappa
Published: January 2025

This case report on recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae in a post-renal transplant patient underscores the significant clinical challenge of managing MDR infections in immunocompromised individuals, particularly in the context of renal transplantation. The patient was treated with an extended infusion of meropenem, which offers prolonged drug exposure and enhances bactericidal activity against MDR pathogens. This approach is critical in overcoming the resistance mechanisms inherent to Klebsiella pneumoniae, thereby improving the likelihood of therapeutic success. The findings presented here highlight the potential efficacy of extended meropenem infusion in treating MDR infections, providing a valuable therapeutic option for clinicians facing similar cases. This report contributes to the growing evidence supporting advanced antibiotic administration techniques in managing complicated urinary tract infections in transplant in resource limited countries.
Unveiling inequality: the sociological dynamics of road infrastructure development and social justice in rural Eastern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Fobosi Siyabulela Christopher , Malima Thelma
Published: January 2025

This paper examines the systemic and multidimensional impacts of inadequate road infrastructure on social inequality in the rural Eastern Cape province of South Africa, focusing on the Hlankomo community from Mdeni to Upper Tsitsana. By integrating a sociological framework, the study explores how deteriorating road conditions perpetuate structural and symbolic violence, exacerbating economic marginalization, social exclusion, and cultural disempowerment. Drawing on site observations, qualitative interviews, and photographic evidence, the research highlights how poor road infrastructure restricts access to essential services, including healthcare, education, and economic opportunities, deepening historical and spatial inequalities. The findings underscore the urgent need for transformative, equity-driven infrastructure policies that address governance inefficiencies, historical neglect, and systemic marginalization. By prioritizing inclusivity, social justice, and sustainable development, this paper contributes to the broader discourse on rural development and infrastructural justice in South Africa’s marginalized landscapes.
Soil management in Lepidium meyenii (maca) monoculture: trends and challenges for small farmers around Lake Chinchaycocha in the Andean highlands of Junin (Peru)
Authors: Solórzano-Acosta Richard , Chanco Mirella , Seminario Martín , Cabello-Torres Rita , Camel Vladimir , Lastra Sphyros , Arias Alberto , Verástegui Patricia , Quispe Kenyi , Carbajal-Llosa Carlos , Cuevas Juan Pablo , Cruz Juancarlos , Turín Cecilia
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Monoculture is a significant concern due to its negative impact on soil quality, resource productivity, and agricultural sustainability, particularly in vulnerable communities. This research aims to evaluate high Andean soil management for maca monoculture.

Materials and methods

To this end, interviews were conducted with maca farmers adjacent to Lake Chinchaycocha. The effect on soil quality was evaluated based on principal component analysis (PCA), weighted soil quality index (SQIw), and physico-chemical characteristics.

Results

The results indicated differences between farmers in agronomic management, monoculture period (from 5 to 9 years), and fallow time (up to 10 years in the best cases). Regarding soil quality, the PCA highlighted boron and total nitrogen locations in the same quadrant, with the highest contribution to the analysis. Finally, the SQIw showed that soils without maca cultivation presented better quality.

Conclusion

This research’s results indicate a need to optimize soil management practices, especially for small farmers, who are the most vulnerable group. In addition, further studies on boron and nitrogen availability in soils cultivated with maca are required, emphasizing areas that exceed 10 years of continuous use.
Feature importance analysis of solar flares and prediction research with ensemble machine learning models
Authors: Yang Yun
Published: January 2025

Solar flares, as intense solar eruptive events, have a profound impact on space weather, potentially disrupting human activities like spaceflight and communication. Hence, identify the key factors that influence the occurrence of solar flares and accurate forecast holds significant research importance. Considering the imbalance of the flare data set, three ensemble learning models (Balanced Random Forest (BRF), RUSBoost (RBC), and NGBoost (NGB)) were utilized, which have gained popularity in statistical machine learning theory in recent years, combined with imbalanced data sampling techniques, to classify and predict the labels representing flare eruptions in the test set. In this study, these models were used to classify and predict flares with a magnitude ≥ C- and M-class, respectively. After obtaining the feature importance scores of each model, a comprehensive feature importance ranking was derived based on the ranking. The main results are as follows: (1) For the prediction of flares ≥ C- and M-class, the best-performing model achieved a Recall of ∼0.76, ∼0.88 and a Tss score of ∼0.65, ∼0.78 on the test set, respectively. These are relatively high scores for model performance evaluation metrics. (2) The importance scores of each feature under different evaluation metrics and the comprehensive importance ranking can be directly obtained through the model without the need for additional feature analysis tools. Using this ranking to reduce the dimensionality of the data set for the three main models, similar or better classification results can be achieved using only about half of the original features. (3) Our results demonstrate the mean photospheric magnetic free energy (MEANPOT), the time decay value based on the magnitudes of all previous flares (Edec), and the total unsigned current helicity (TOTUSJH). They are the three quantities that have the most significant relationship with solar flares, which include free energy, twist degree, and the historical information of flare occurrences, respectively. Besides, analyzing the feature parameters of four different active regions, we find that the geographical information of the flare occurrence is an important factor. The object of this work is to provide prediction methods for imbalanced data as well as feature importance ranking methods.