bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retention of Approximal Guiding Plane Surfaces in Removable Partial Skeletal Prosthesis
Authors: Dastevski Blagoja , Mijoska Aneta , Kapusevska Biljana , Gigovski Nikola , Dimitrovski Oliver , Spirov Vanco , Korunovska-Stevkovska Vesna , Petkov Marjan
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND: The morphology of the retention tooth often does not correspond with the required design; hence there is often an indication for enamel recontouring or other restorative procedures.AIM: The study aimed to determine the impact of changing the path of insertion of the prosthesis by reshaping the anatomical and morphological structures of the natural teeth predetermined for the retention of the prosthesis.MATERIAL AND METHODS: The group of 40 patients with Class II, Subclass 1 according to Kennedy was formed, and 120 approximal surfaces of retention teeth were obtained. Two different types of prostheses were made on the models: one group in the zero point position of the model, and another group in the zero position of the model, with changing of the direction of input at an angle of 2˚.RESULTS: The difference between the established and theoretical normal distribution of frequencies was tested with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Lilliefors tests (r < 0.10; r < 0.01). The first group showed a retention force of 0.08 N. In the second group the retention force was 0.94 N.CONCLUSION: It could be concluded that the change in the path of insertion of the dental prosthesis with conservative restorations as composite inlays, as well as the accurate extension of the prosthesis onto guiding plane surfaces, will undoubtedly increase the retention force of the prosthesis.
How large spatially-explicit optimal reserve design models can we solve now? An exploration of current models’ computational efficiency
Authors: Wang Yicheng , Önal Hayri , Fang Qiaoling
Published: June 2018

Spatially-explicit optimal reserve design models select best sites from a set of candidate sites to assemble nature reserves to protect species (or habitats) and these reserves display certain spatial attributes which are desirable for species. These models are formulated with linear 0–1 programming and solved using standard optimisation software, but they were run on different platforms, resulting in discrepant or even conflicting messages with regard to their computational efficiency. A fair and accurate comparison of the convenience of these models would be important for conservation planners who use these models. In this article, we considered eight models presented in literature and tested their computational efficiency using randomly generated data sets containing up to 2000 sites. We focused on reserve contiguity and compactness which are considered crucial to species persistence. Our results showed that two of these models, namely Williams (2002) and Önal et al. (2016), stand out as the most efficient models. We also found that the relative efficiency of these models depends on the scope of analysis. Specifically, the Williams (2002) model solves more of the test problems when contiguity is the only spatial attribute and a large subset of the candidate sites needs to be selected. When compactness is considered also, the Önal et al. (2016) model generally performs better. Large scale models are found to be difficult to solve in a reasonable period of time. We discussed factors that may affect those models’ computational efficiency, including model size, share of selected sites, model structure and input data. These results provide useful insight and guidance to conservation practitioners and researchers who focus on spatial aspects and work with large-scale data sets.
Towards integrated mapping and assessment of ecosystems and their services in Bulgaria: The Central Balkan case study
Authors: Nedkov Stoyan , Borisova Bilyana , Koulov Boian , Zhiyanski Miglena , Bratanova-Doncheva Svetla , Nikolova Mariyana , Kroumova Julia
Published: June 2018

The aim of the EU Biodiversity Strategy to 2020 isto maintain and enhance ecosystem services (ES) in Europe and requires all Member States to map and assess the state of ecosystems and their services in the respective national territories. The EU-funded project ESMERALDA analyses ES mapping and assessment methods and approaches in their biophysical, social and economical perspectives, as well as their application in different case studies. The project also aims at the development of an integrated and consistent assessment framework. In Bulgaria, methodological guides for evaluation and mapping of the services provided by the nine main types of ecosystems have been prepared together with the respective proposals for their implementation in the national assessment. The Bulgarian research team analyses and tests various aspects of ecosystem services mapping and assessment, such as alternative economic assessments, multi-criteria analyses and biophysical assessment approaches, mapping challenges and local population surveys. In this paper paper, we review the ES activities in Bulgaria and present selected mapping and assessment methods tested in the Central Balkan case study area. It provides relevant examples for the implementation of integrated mapping and assessment of ecosystem services at local and regional level, where different mapping approaches and techniques are embedded within diverse policy contexts. The main goal of the study is to investigate how the assessment results can support the integration of the ecological functions of the Central Balkan National Park with the economic opportunities that it creates for the local and regional communities. A tiered approach has been used to organise the mapping and assessment exercises in the study area, in order to meet the needs for integrated ecosystem assessment and overcome the limitations of data availability. At tier 1, the study performs identification and initial ES mapping of the whole area. At tier 2, it applies economic valuation for the Municipality of Karlovo by using statistical data and the contingent valuation method. At tier 3, the investigation applies modelling methods to assess carbon storage and flood regulation on a larger scale. The results are presented in the form of maps at all levels, which use a uniform 0 to 5 assessment scale. The integrated approach presented here ensures a clear communication of the end results to the respective decision-makers.
Lactobacillus acidophilus CL1285, Lactobacillus casei LBC80R and Lactobacillus rhamnosus CLR2 improve quality-of-life and IBS symptoms: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Preston K. , Krumian R. , Hattner J. , de Montigny D. , Stewart M. , Gaddam S.
Published: June 2018

A combination of Lactobacillus acidophilus CL1285, Lactobacillus casei LBC80R and Lactobacillus rhamnosus CLR2 was compared to placebo for relief of symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). A total of 113 subjects at 3 clinical sites were randomised in a 2:1 ratio and followed for 12 weeks. Subjects ingested either 2 capsules of active study product, containing 50×109 cfu of live organisms, or 2 placebo capsules daily. Endpoints included improvement in abdominal pain, days of pain, distention, stool consistency and frequency, quality of life (QOL), and adequate relief (AR) of IBS symptoms. IBS subtypes constipation (IBS-C), diarrhoea (IBS-D), and mixed (IBS-M) were evaluated separately; the effect of gender was also examined. For all efficacy endpoints improvement of 30% or more vs placebo was considered clinically significant. With the exception of pain intensity and AR, the endpoints demonstrated a therapeutic advantage of active over placebo for IBS symptoms in at least some subject subgroups. The IBS-D and female subgroups showed the largest and most consistent effects. Stool frequency and consistency were evaluated in the IBS-C and IBS-D subgroups, and improvement of active vs placebo was noted in both. QOL improvement was seen overall and in specific domains. Adverse events (AEs) were limited to 7 subjects; all were of mild or moderate intensity except one, severe cramping. Four AEs in the same subject in the placebo group were judged to be related to study product; these resolved by the end of study. There were no serious AEs.
Wound Healing, Inflammation, and Corneal Ultrastructure After SMILE and Femtosecond Laser–Assisted LASIK: A Human Ex Vivo Study
Authors: Luft Nikolaus , Schumann Ricarda G. , Dirisamer Martin , Kook Daniel , Siedlecki Jakob , Wertheimer Christian , Priglinger Siegfried G. , Mayer Wolfgang J.
Published: June 2018

PURPOSE:

To assess the wound healing, inflammation, and tissue ultrastructure in the human corneal stroma after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and femtosecond laser–assisted LASIK (FS-LASIK).

METHODS:

Sixteen corneoscleral discs of 16 human donors unsuitable for corneal transplantation were obtained from an eye bank. Eight eyes underwent SMILE with −5.00 diopters (D) of myopic correction; in 3 of them the lenticule was not extracted. Further 5 donor corneas were subjected to FS-LASIK with −5.00 D ablation, and 3 eyes served as the control group without surgical intervention. Postoperatively, specimens were incubated in organ culture medium for 72 hours before being subjected to immunofluorescence staining for CD11b, Ki67, fibronectin, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick-end labelling assay, and high-magnification scanning electron microscopy.

RESULTS:

Keratocyte apoptosis, keratocyte proliferation, and infiltration of immune cells were generally mild and comparable between FS-LASIK and SMILE (irrespective of surgical lenticule extraction). By staining for fibronectin, we observed a trend toward milder fibrotic response in the corneal stroma after SMILE than after FS-LASIK. On the contrary, scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed a smoother, more regular ultrastructural appearance of the residual corneal bed after FS-LASIK.

CONCLUSIONS:

Corneal stromal wound healing after SMILE and FS-LASIK was virtually identical with respect to keratocyte proliferation and apoptosis in the human donor eye model. Although reactive fibrosis adjacent to the laser application site appeared less marked after SMILE, the stromal bed after LASIK exhibited a smoother surface texture.

[
J Refract Surg.
2018;34(6):393–399.]
Short-term Observation of Intraocular Scattering and Bowman's Layer Microdistortions After SMILE-CCL
Authors: Miao Huamao , Liu Xiu , Tian Mi , Zhao Jing , Fang Xuejun , Zhou Xingtao
Published: June 2018

PURPOSE:

To investigate changes in intraocular scattering and Bowman's layer microdistortions after femtosecond laser small incision lenticule extraction using the continuous curvilinear lenticulerhexis technique (SMILE-CCL).

METHODS:

In this prospective study, 93 eyes of 93 patients (44 women, 49 men) were treated with SMILE-CCL. Mean age was 26.09 ± 4.39 years and mean spherical equivalent was −6.31 ± 2.16 diopters. The Objective Scatter Index (OSI) was examined with an objective optical quality analysis system. Bowman's layer microdistortions in the central 4-mm optical zone were measured using Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography.

RESULTS:

The mean OSI value increased from 0.67 preoperatively to 1.09 at 20 days, and then decreased to 0.84 at 3 months (
P
< .05). Microdistortions were observed in 62.37% of the eyes at 20 days and 48.39% at 3 months postoperatively (
P
< .05). The width of the microdistortions per meridian was 283.18 ± 197.19
μ
m at 20 days; this decreased to 156.00 ± 159.86
μ
m at 3 months (
P
< 0.05). Regression analysis models revealed that older age (
b
= 0.02,
P
= .03) and higher preoperative spherical equivalent (
b
= −0.09,
P
< .05) resulted in higher postoperative OSI values; no significant association was found between postoperative OSI values and microdistortion-related parameters (
P
> .05). Higher preoperative spherical equivalent (
b
= −0.28,
P
= .01) and thinner preoperative corneal thickness (
b
= −0.02,
P
= .01) were associated with more microdistortions.

CONCLUSIONS:

SMILE induced a temporary increase in OSI values and Bowman's layer microdistortions. The microdistortions did not influence intraocular scattering.

[
J Refract Surg.
2018;34(6):387–392.]
Reflections on the NatureCHI Workshop Series
Authors: Häkkilä Jonna , Bidwell Nicola J. , Cheverst Keith , Colley Ashley , Kosmalla Felix , Robinson Simon , Schöning Johannes
Published: June 2018

Being in nature is often regarded to be calming, relaxing and purifying. While technology has the potential to support engagement with nature, developing systems that provide support in an unobtrusive manner holds many challenges for interaction design. In this article, the authors describe their reflections around the NatureCHI workshop series. The aim with the workshops has been to help foster a research community interested in the design of Unobtrusive User Experiences with Technology in Nature. The first of two workshops ran as part of CHI 2016 in San Jose, California, while the second workshop took place alongside MobileHCI 2017 in Vienna, Austria. With 25 papers presented in total, the workshops demonstrate a rising interest in the areas where nature and interactive technologies meet.
Enhancement of Student Experience Management in Higher Education by Sentiment Analysis and Text Mining
Authors: Yu Chong Ho , Jannasch-Pennell Angel , DiGangi Samuel
Published: June 2018

The objective of this case study is to illustrate how text mining of open-ended responses and sentimental expressions (positive or negative) from student survey could yield valuable information for improving student experience management (SEM). The concept of student SEM was borrowed from the notion of customer experience management (CEM), which aims for ongoing improvement of customer relations through understanding of the customer's point of view. With the advance of text mining technology, which is based upon artificial intelligence and machine learning, textual data that were previously underutilized are found to be valuable in CEM. To illustrate how text mining can be applied to SEM, the authors discuss an example from a campus-wide survey conducted at Arizona State University. The purpose of this survey was to better understand student experiences with instructional technology in order for administrators to make data-driven decisions on its implementation. Rather than imposing the researchers' preconceived suppositions on the students by using force-option survey items, researchers on this project chose to use open-ended questions in order to elicit a free emergence of themes from the students. The most valuable lesson learned from this study is that students perceive an ideal environment as a web of mutually supporting systems. Specifically, online access should be augmented by use of laptops and availability of course materials, whereas virtual classes should be balanced by human interactions.
Regulation and Role of Chitotriosidase during Lung Infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Sharma Lokesh , Amick Alyssa K. , Vasudevan Swathy , Lee Sei Won , Marion Chad R. , Liu Wei , Brady Virginia , Losier Ashley , Bermejo Santos D. , Britto Clemente J. , Lee Chun Geun , Elias Jack A. , Dela Cruz Charles S.
Published: June 2018

Chitinases and chitinase-like proteins are an evolutionary conserved group of proteins. In the absence of chitin synthesis in mammals, the conserved presence of chitinases suggests their roles in physiology and immunity, but experimental evidence to prove these roles is scarce. Chitotriosidase (chit1) is one of the two true chitinases present in mammals and the most prevalent chitinase in humans. In this study, we investigated the regulation and the role of chit1 in a mouse model of Klebsiella pneumoniae lung infection. We show that chitinase activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is significantly reduced during K. pneumoniae lung infection. This reduced activity is inversely correlated with the number of neutrophils. Further, instilling neutrophil lysates in lungs decreased chitinase activity. We observed degradation of chit1 by neutrophil proteases. In a mouse model, chit1 deficiency provided a significant advantage to the host during K. pneumoniae lung infection by limiting bacterial dissemination. This phenotype was independent of inflammatory changes in chit1−/− mice as they exerted a similar inflammatory response. The decreased dissemination resulted in improved survival in chit1−/− mice infected with K. pneumoniae in the presence or absence of antibiotic therapy. The beneficial effects of chit1 deficiency were associated with altered Akt activation in the lungs. Chit1−/− mice induced a more robust Akt activation postinfection. The role of the Akt pathway in K. pneumoniae lung infection was confirmed by using an Akt inhibitor, which impaired health and survival. These data suggest a detrimental role of chit1 in K. pneumoniae lung infections.
In Rheumatoid Arthritis, Synovitis at Different Inflammatory Sites Is Dominated by Shared but Patient-Specific T Cell Clones
Authors: Musters Anne , Klarenbeek Paul L. , Doorenspleet Marieke E. , Balzaretti Giulia , Esveldt Rebecca E. E. , van Schaik Barbera D. C. , Jongejan Aldo , Tas Sander W. , van Kampen Antoine H. C. , Baas Frank , de Vries Niek
Published: June 2018

Genetic and immunological evidence clearly points to a role for T cells in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Selective targeting of such disease-associated T cell clones might be highly effective while having few side effects. However, such selective targeting may only be feasible if the same T cell clones dominate the immune response at different sites of inflammation. We leveraged high-throughput technology to quantitatively assess whether different T cell clones dominate the inflammatory infiltrate at various sites of inflammation in this prototypic autoimmune disease. In 13 RA patients, we performed quantitative next-generation sequencing–based human TCRβ repertoire analysis in simultaneously obtained samples from inflamed synovial tissue (ST) from distinct locations within one joint, from multiple joints, and from synovial fluid (SF) and peripheral blood (PB). Identical TCRβ clones dominate inflammatory responses in ST samples taken from different locations within a single joint and when sampled in different joints. Although overall ST–SF overlap was comparable to higher ST–ST values, the overlap in dominant TCRβ clones in ST–SF comparisons was much lower than ST–ST and comparable to the low ST–PB overlap. In individual RA patients, a limited number of TCRβ clones dominate the immune response in the inflamed ST regardless of the location within a joint and which joint undergoes biopsy; in contrast, there is limited overlap of ST with SF or PB TCR repertoires. This limited breadth of the T cell response in ST of the individual RA patient indicates that development of immunotherapies that selectively modulate dominant T cell responses might be feasible.
Level 1b error budget for MIPAS on ENVISAT
Authors: Kleinert Anne , Birk Manfred , Perron Gaetan , Wagner Georg
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) is a Fourier Transform Spectrometer measuring the radiance emitted from the atmosphere in limb geometry in the thermal infrared spectral region. It was operated on-board the ENVISAT satellite from 2002 to 2012. Calibrated and geolocated spectra, the so-called level 1b data, are the basis for the retrieval of atmospheric parameters. In this paper we present the error budget for the level 1b data of the most recent data version 8 in terms of radiometric, spectral and line of sight accuracy. The major changes of version 8 compared to older versions are also described. The impact of the different error sources on the spectra is characterized in terms of spectral, vertical and temporal correlation, because these correlations have an impact on the quality of the retrieved quantities. The radiometric error is in the order of 1 to 2.4 %, the spectral accuracy is better than 0.3 ppm, and the line of sight accuracy at the tangent point is around 400 m. All errors are well within the requirements and the achieved accuracy allows to retrieve atmospheric parameters from the measurements with high quality.
Ocean acidification and nutrient limitation synergistically reduce growth and photosynthetic performances of a green tide alga Ulva linza
Authors: Gao Guang , Beardall John , Bao Menglin , Wang Can , Ren Wangwang , Xu Juntian
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Large-scale green tides have been invading the coastal zones of the western Yellow Sea annually since 2008. Meanwhile, oceans are becoming more acidic due to continuous absorption of anthropogenic carbon dioxide, and intensive seaweed cultivation in Chinese coastal areas is leading to severe regional nutrient limitation. However, little is known about the combined effects of global and local stressors on the eco-physiology of bloom-forming algae. We cultured Ulva linza for 9–16 days under two levels of pCO2 (400 and 1000 µatm) and four treatments of nutrients (nutrient repletion, N limitation, P limitation, and N–P limitation) to investigate the physiological responses of this green tide alga to the combination of ocean acidification and nutrient limitation. For both sporelings and adult plants, elevated pCO2 did not affect the growth rate when cultured under nutrient-replete conditions but reduced it under P limitation; N or P limitations by themselves reduced growth rate. P limitation resulted in a larger inhibition in growth for sporelings compared to adult plants. Sporelings under P limitation did not reach the mature stage after 16 days of culture while those under P repletion became mature by day 11. Elevated pCO2 reduced net photosynthetic rate for all nutrient treatments but increased nitrate reductase activity and soluble protein content under P-replete conditions. N or P limitation reduced nitrate reductase activity and soluble protein content. These findings indicate that ocean acidification and nutrient limitation would synergistically reduce the growth of Ulva species and may thus hinder the occurrence of green tides in a future ocean environment.
Asymmetric responses of primary productivity to altered precipitation simulated by ecosystem models across three long-term grassland sites
Authors: Wu Donghai , Ciais Philippe , Viovy Nicolas , Knapp Alan K. , Wilcox Kevin , Bahn Michael , Smith Melinda D. , Vicca Sara , Fatichi Simone , Zscheischler Jakob , He Yue , Li Xiangyi , Ito Akihiko , Arneth Almut , Harper Anna , Ukkola Anna , Paschalis Athanasios , Poulter Benjamin , Peng Changhui , Ricciuto Daniel , Reinthaler David , Chen Guangsheng , Tian Hanqin , Genet Hélène , Mao Jiafu , Ingrisch Johannes , Nabel Julia E. S. M. , Pongratz Julia , Boysen Lena R. , Kautz Markus , Schmitt Michael , Meir Patrick , Zhu Qiuan , Hasibeder Roland , Sippel Sebastian , Dangal Shree R. S. , Sitch Stephen , Shi Xiaoying , Wang Yingping , Luo Yiqi , Liu Yongwen , Piao Shilong
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Field measurements of aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) in
temperate grasslands suggest that both positive and negative asymmetric
responses to changes in precipitation (P) may occur. Under normal range of
precipitation variability, wet years typically result in ANPP gains being
larger than ANPP declines in dry years (positive asymmetry), whereas
increases in ANPP are lower in magnitude in extreme wet years compared to
reductions during extreme drought (negative asymmetry). Whether the current
generation of ecosystem models with a coupled carbon–water system in
grasslands are capable of simulating these asymmetric ANPP responses is an
unresolved question. In this study, we evaluated the simulated responses of
temperate grassland primary productivity to scenarios of altered
precipitation with 14 ecosystem models at three sites: Shortgrass
steppe (SGS), Konza Prairie (KNZ) and Stubai Valley meadow (STU), spanning a
rainfall gradient from dry to moist. We found that (1) the spatial slopes
derived from modeled primary productivity and precipitation across sites were
steeper than the temporal slopes obtained from inter-annual variations, which
was consistent with empirical data; (2) the asymmetry of the responses of
modeled primary productivity under normal inter-annual precipitation
variability differed among models, and the mean of the model ensemble
suggested a negative asymmetry across the three sites, which was contrary to
empirical evidence based on filed observations; (3) the mean sensitivity of
modeled productivity to rainfall suggested greater negative response with
reduced precipitation than positive response to an increased precipitation
under extreme conditions at the three sites; and (4) gross primary productivity
(GPP), net primary productivity (NPP), aboveground NPP (ANPP) and belowground
NPP (BNPP) all showed concave-down nonlinear responses to altered
precipitation in all the models, but with different curvatures and mean
values. Our results indicated that most models overestimate the negative
drought effects and/or underestimate the positive effects of increased
precipitation on primary productivity under normal climate conditions,
highlighting the need for improving eco-hydrological processes in those
models in the future.
Interactive ocean bathymetry and coastlines for simulating the last deglaciation with the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM-v1.2)
Authors: Meccia Virna Loana , Mikolajewicz Uwe
Published: June 2018

Abstract. As ice sheets grow or decay, the net flux of freshwater into the ocean changes and the bedrock adjusts due to isostatic adjustments, leading to variations in the bottom topography and the oceanic boundaries. This process was particularly intense during the last deglaciation due to the high rates of ice-sheet melting. It is, therefore, necessary to consider transient ocean bathymetry and coastlines when attempting to simulate the last deglaciation with Earth System Models (ESMs). However, in most standard ESMs the land-sea mask is fixed throughout simulations because the generation of a new ocean model bathymetry implies several levels of manual corrections, a procedure that is hardly doable very often for long runs. This is one of the main technical problems towards simulating a complete glacial cycle with general circulation models. For the first time, we present a tool allowing for an automatic computation of bathymetry and land-sea mask changes in the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM). The strategy applied is described in detail and the algorithms are tested in a long-term simulation demonstrating the reliable behaviour. Our approach guarantees the conservation of mass and tracers at global and regional scales. The modules presented in this paper are a promising tool to be used with the MPI-ESM to allow for transient simulations of the last deglaciation considering interactive bathymetry and land-sea mask.
Numerical modeling of surface wave development under the action of wind
Authors: Chalikov Dmitry
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The numerical modeling of two-dimensional surface wave development under the
action of wind is performed. The model is based on three-dimensional
equations of potential motion with a free surface written in a
surface-following nonorthogonal curvilinear coordinate system in which depth is
counted from a moving surface. A three-dimensional Poisson equation for the
velocity potential is solved iteratively. A Fourier transform method, a
second-order accuracy approximation of vertical derivatives on a stretched
vertical grid and fourth-order Runge–Kutta time stepping are used. Both
the input energy to waves and dissipation of wave energy are calculated on
the basis of earlier developed and validated algorithms. A one-processor
version of the model for PC allows us to simulate an evolution of the wave field
with thousands of degrees of freedom over thousands of wave periods. A
long-time evolution of a two-dimensional wave structure is illustrated by the
spectra of wave surface and the input and output of energy.
A Surface KInematics Buoy (SKIB) for wave-current interactions
studies
Authors: Veras Guimarães Pedro , Ardhuin Fabrice , Sutherland Peter , Accensi Mickael , Hamon Michel , Pérignon Yves , Thomson Jim , Benetazzo Alvise , Ferrant Pierre
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and modern motion-sensor packages allow the measurement of ocean surface waves with low-cost drifters. Drifting along or across current gradients provides unique measurements of wave-current interactions. In this study, we investigate the response of several combinations of GNSS receiver, motion-sensor package and hull design in order to define a prototype surface kinematic buoy (SKIB) that is particularly optimized for measuring wave-current interactions, including relatively short wave components (relative frequency around 1 Hz) that are important for air-sea interactions and remote sensing applications. The comparison with existing Datawell Directional Waverider and SWIFT buoys, as well as stereo-video imagery demonstrates the accuracy of SKIB. The use of low-cost accelerometers and a spherical ribbed and skirted hull design provide acceptable heave spectra, while velocity estimates from GNSS receivers yield a mean direction and directional spread. Using a low-power acquisition board allows autonomous deployments over several months with data transmitted by satellite. The capability to measure current-induced wave variations is illustrated with data acquired in a macro-tidal coastal environment.
Organizational Forms in MENA Property-Liability Insurance Industry: The Risk Implications
Authors: Ghouli Oueslati Jihene , Boudriga Abdelkader
Published: June 2018

This paper provides an evidence of the effect of organizational forms on the risk taking behavior, mainly by analyzing stock, mutual and Islamic insurers, between 2011 and 2016, from three countries of MENA’s region. Empirical tests are here applied to evaluate risk differences between these three types of ownership structures. We assume that stock insurers are more risky than mutual and Islamic ones and write more business with higher risk.
Drawing upon a Comparative Case Study of Iraq and Afghanistan Critically Assess the Success and Failures in the Negotiation Process to Get Personnel and/or Humanitarian Aid to Populations in Need
Authors: Bruno Francesco
Published: June 2018

This paper critically assesses and compares the successes and failures of Non-Governmental Organizations(NGOs) in negotiating access to humanitarian spaces in two case studies, namely Afghanistan and Iraq. The case studies have been selected due to the nature of the two wars, namely the link to the “War on Terror” declared by President George W. Bush in 2001. As a consequence, the selected cases highlight highly politicized and insecure environments for the NGOs to work in. In terms of successes, the NGOs became more flexible in their organizational structure while solving cases on a day-to-day basis negotiating access with local as well as international actors. However, the nature of the conflicts completely shuttered any opportunity to uphold the principles of impartiality, neutrality and independence. In terms of failures, the case studies point out one of the main and most recurrent dilemmas for the NGOs, namely the lack of legitimacy and independency. As a consequence, many international NGOs engaged in remote projects using local personnel in insecure and dangerous areas lacking tools for monitoring the progresses and successes.
In people and pets in Grenada -- do owners practice alternative and traditional medicine on both people and pets?
Authors: Fitzpatrick Monique , Perfetto Brittany , Hernandez Jose , Bidiasee Satesh
Published: June 2018

Introduction：Alternative and traditional medicine has been used in various cultures across the world for hundreds of years. Many regions of the world, including the Caribbean Islands, use traditional medicine practices such as charcoal for poisoning, seeds for deworming, salt for lesions, spices and herbs for inflammation, and engine oil for mange. In communities where biomedical resources are limited, alternative medicine is more cost effective and attainable for both people and their pets. Although conventional medical practices have a scientific basis, its options are often limited and such practices and treatments have physiological side effects that must be considered.Objective: The objective of this study is to identify whether people in Grenada practice traditional medicine, and if these practitioners are also implementing similar practices on their companion animals. It is hypothesized that many citizens of Grenada prefer the use of traditional medicine over conventional medicine for both themselves and their pets.Methods: In order to test this hypothesis, we conducted a cross sectional study using a questionnaire to collect data from pet owners and determine whether they practice traditional medicine – and if so, identify which specific practices were used and how they were being implemented (strictly on themselves, only on their pets, or both).Results: We found that many people use alternative medicine practices on themselves and both themselves and their pets, but few use them on just their pets.Conclusions: This study can offer us a more comprehensive understanding of alternative medicine, thereby allow us to engage pet owners in this area of healthcare. Veterinarians can be better informed of the alternative medical practices that their clients may be utilizing, which will allow them to educate the owners by offering their guidance and expertise in approaching traditional medical practices – and perhaps offer alternative medical solutions when appropriate. Furthermore, it will allow veterinarians to formulate more comprehensive patient histories in veterinary clinics around Grenada.
The Role of Teachers in Establishing an Attractive Environment to Develop the Creative Thinking among Basic Stage Students in the Schools of Tafilah Governorate According to their own Perspective
Authors: Al-Mahasneh Ruba
Published: June 2018

The objective of this study was to identify the role of teachers in founding an attractive environment for developingthe creative thinking, among the students of the basic stage in the schools of Tafilah Governorate. The researcherapplied the descriptive statistical method, and developed a questionnaire consisting of (45) items, divided into fiveDimensions: "Teaching strategies, Material preparations, extracurricular activities, Personality traits and Evaluationstrategies ". The instrument stability and validity were validated and approved. The sample of the study consisted of(300) female and male teachers, who were selected through a simple random method. The study resulted of the arethe following:- The estimate of the sample members of the instrument as a whole was moderate, and the fourth Dimension"personal traits" ranked first, with a moderate estimation, while the second was "material preparations" which camein the last rank, and with a low grade of estimation.- There were statistically significant differences in the sample of the study teachers' same role, attributed to thevariables of "gender and academic qualification", while there were no statistically significant differences in thesample of the study for their role attributed to the variable of "years of experience".Based on the results of the study, the researcher presented recommendations, including reviewing the programs ofpreparing and training teachers, the need to include plans and strategies for the development of creative thinking, andenrichment of the school curriculum for the basic stage programs to develop the creative thinking.
Physiotherapy provides significant benefits for patients with chronic urologic pain
Authors: Faghani Nelly
Published: June 2018

N/A
Challenges, Educational Opportunities and Barriers Faced by E.R. Board Residents During Previous Hajj Rotations
Authors: Ali Shammah Ahmed
Published: June 2018

Objectives: The prominence of using preventive health measures allowed medical residents to enhance the awareness about barriers and challenges during Hajj pilgrimage. Hajj pilgrimage usually comprises of assorted risk factors and infections that reveal the paucity of intervention programs. The study aims to examine the challenges, educational opportunities, and barriers experienced by emergency residents during Hajj rotations.Design Setting: The study has employed cross-sectional and quantitative approach to examine the challenges and educational awareness among emergency residents in Makkah, Saudi Arabia in the year 2015. Subjects: Participants were asked about the best recommended factors. Main Outcome Measure: Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) was used to analyse the data. Frequencies were selected to analyse the obtained responses Results: Findings have asserted mixed responses toward the challenges and educational awareness among medical residents. 80% of the respondents possessed highest level of training to meet the educational goals. Moreover, majority of the residents have also stated that they were keen to start Hajj rotation. Negative responses were indicated for objectives and clinical duties by 76% residents. Responses about patients’ volume and varieties were shown positively by 83% residents.Conclusion: Saudi government should focus on these challenges and barriers to enhance the assurance level of educational programs among emergency residents.
Fatores relacionados ao desmame precoce do aleitamento materno
Authors: Andrade Heuler Souza , Pessoa Raquel Aparecida , Donizete Lívia Cristina Vasconcelos
Published: June 2018

Objetivos: Investigar os fatores relacionados ao desmame precoce antes dos seis meses de vida. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, descritiva de abordagem quantitativa, baseada em questionário semiestruturado, com amostra de 52 mulheres com filhos de 0 a 6 meses de vida que não estavam mais em aleitamento materno exclusivo (AME), pertencentes às Estratégias de Saúde da Família urbanas do município de Santo Antônio do Monte, centro-oeste de Minas Gerais. Resultados: Apontaram mães jovens, casadas, primíparas, inseguras, com gravidez não planejada, realização das consultas de pré-natal periodicamente, desmame do AME entre o quarto e quinto mês de vida da criança. Conclusão: As atividades laborais, as crenças quanto ao leite materno ser fraco ou insuficiente para o bebê e a má interpretação do choro do recém-nascido estão entre as causas encontradas para o desmame precoce. Salienta-se a implementação de estratégias e ações educativas que priorizem a resolutividade quanto aos fatores destacados, e que, especialmente, busquem melhorar o vínculo com esse público.
La Educación Estético-Ambiental en Brasil (Lectura a partir del legado de Pablo René Estévez)
Authors: Alvarez Lurima Estevez , Schmidt Elisabeth Brandao
Published: June 2018

Este ensayo se centra en la Educación Estético-Ambiental (EEA), modalidad emergente de la educación en valores. El objetivo es pesquisar sobre su desarrollo en Brasil, a partir del legado de Pablo René Estévez en la Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, RS, Brasil. Para ello, desde una perspectiva dialéctico-materialista, se estudió la orientación estética de la Educación Ambiental (origen de la EEA), se definieron los antecedentes de esta última y se abordó la sustentabilidad estética de la condición humana. Finalmente, se constataron los aportes de Estévez a la educación brasileña y el carácter incipiente, sin embargo significativo, de la EEA en función de la formación integral de la personalidad concebida en la unidad de la mente emocional y la mente racional, lo cual marca un hito en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la escuela contemporánea.
Reconhecimento e educação popular: uma perspectiva democrático-republicana
Authors: Cossetin Vânia Lisa Fischer , Fensterseifer Paulo Evaldo
Published: June 2018

O presente artigo parte da controversa relação entre a Educação Popular e o Estado democrático republicano. Uma educação que, ao ser gestada, patrocinada e orientada pelos marcos legais desse Estado, também estaria destinada a subvertê-lo, uma vez que ela se vê comprometida com as demandas de setores excluídos da sociedade e se legitima sob a égide das mesmas condições que a forjaram. Diante disso, buscamos identificar a ambivalente origem democrático-republicana da Educação Popular e também verificar em que medida esse tipo de educação pode ser concebida como explícita manifestação da luta por reconhecimento, cujo equacionamento possível se dá na dinamicidade sócio histórica das democracias republicanas. Reconhecimento este que, para constituir-se reciprocamente e assim transcender a mera unilateralidade, assimetria e instrumentalidade, precisa pressupor a radicalidade do diálogo.
Operacija sive mrene pri bolnikih s sladkorno boleznijo
Authors: Šivec Trampuž Igor , Pfeifer Vladimir , Urbančič Mojca
Published: June 2018

Ophthalmic complications of diabetes are one of the leading causes of visual loss and blindness in the working population worldwide. Globally, an estimated 422 million adults were living with diabetes in 2014. According to the World Health Organisation, this number will rise to an estimated 592 million by 2035. Cataract is a clouding of the eye lens. Surgery is indicated when cataract causes significant visual impairment. Several clinical studies have shown that cataract development occurs more frequently and at an earlier age in diabetic compared to nondiabetic patients. Cataract surgery is the most frequent ophthalmic surgical procedure and has an excellent outcome. However, diabetic patients may have more complications and a poor visual outcome. They are prone to ocular surface disease, intraoperative complications, corneal oedema in the early postoperative period and an increased incidence of cystoid macular oedema in patients with retinopathy. Anterior capsular contraction is also more frequent. A good prognosis is expected in patients with good systemic and ophthalmological preoperative, operative and postoperative management.
Obojestranska krvavitev v nadledvičnico: vzrok visoki zgodnji zlatenici in akutni primarni insuficienci nadledvičnic pri novorojenčku
Authors: Fister Petja , Žnidaršič Eržen Marta , Kotnik Primož , Tomažič Mojca
Published: June 2018

Adrenal bleeding in a newborn is rare. The cause of bleeding is unknown, most likely due to several factors. Bleeding may be minimal with no clinical signs or fulminant with acute adrenal insufficiency, which is a life-threatening situation that requires immediate detection and treatment.In this paper we represent a clinical case of a term neonate born to the mother with gestational diabetes, who was hospitalised due to high early hyperbilirubinemia. Significant bleeding in both adrenal glands was identified by ultrasound and primary adrenal insufficiency diagnosed. We discuss possible causes, the diagnostic clues, the treatment of disease and its prognosis.
Classroom for Debate: When Students with Autism Succeed in Inclusive Classrooms
Authors: Abate Danielle Jean
Published: June 2018

This paper aims to determine whether current practices ensure success for students with Autism Spectrum Disorder who participate within an inclusive educational setting by examining four perspectives: students with Autism Spectrum Disorder and their general education counterparts, educators, financial funding for such programs, and the academic achievement of autistic students who receive the service. While much literature on inclusive education is supportive, the findings indicate that the service operates on questionable intentions and practices that may or may not be beneficial for its recipients. Despite the setbacks associated with inclusive education, autistic students are capable of succeeding within these classrooms. Suggestions can be formulated to modify such practices to ensure that all autistic students are educated in a manner that allows them to share the same level of achievement as their general peers in education.
Setting the World Aflame: Divestment, Ethics, and Jesuit Identity at Boston College
Authors: Lester McSweeney Maura
Published: June 2018

This paper seeks to determine whether Boston College’s decision to keep its investments in fossil fuel companies is consistent with the ethical responsibilities of a Jesuit university. A student group that advocates for the university’s divestmenthas had a troubled relationship with the school’s leadership. The main obstacle has been that the divestment group claims that Boston College’s refusal to divest does not align with the ethics to which it subscribes as a Jesuit and Catholic university.This inconsistency is particularly striking as Boston College itself has a historical precedent of divesting from a sector of the economy for moral reasons. The Apartheid divestment movement catalyzed the university to develop ethical investment guidelines to ensure that the school’s finances were consistent with its Jesuit mission. Moreover, canon law requires Catholic universities to adhere to Church teaching in all of its commitments and activities. by investing in fossil fuel companies, the University defies the teachings of the encyclical laudato si’, which is an infringement on canon law. This paper is an abridged version of the senior thesis completed for the Perspectives Honors sequence.
Consciousness in Re-Presentation: Towards a Cross-Textual Definition of “Différance”
Authors: Casey Myles Francis
Published: June 2018

The texts of Jacques Derrida (1930-2004) are known for their meticulously measured language, a quality that leads many readers to pass over his work. it is often relegated to the margins of thought as ‘nonsense’ or elusive in meaning. this short piece attempts to offer a partial elucidation on some key themes of Jacques Derrida’s 1968 essay, “Différance.” This essay first contrasts différance, a French neo-graphism referring to the simultaneous processes of deferral and differentiation , with the prevalent motif of “presence” that has dominated large tracts of Western philosophical discourses. It then moves to discuss the possible structural and methodological ways in which one may read différance, ultimately working to place it into conversation with philosophies of consciousness, understood as a self-presence or a presence-to-oneself (présence à soi), mainly in conversation with the work of Emmanuel Levinas (1906-1995).
Brexit and Universities: Toward a Reconfiguration of the European Higher Education Sector?
Authors: Courtois Aline
Published: June 2018

The prospect of “Brexit” is causing significant anxiety across the European higher education sector, as universities brace themselves for a possible departure of the United Kingdom and a reconfiguration of the sector. Our research suggests that while the impact is expected to be uneven across the region—with some possible short-term beneficiaries—research cooperation with the United Kingdom and freedom of movement are valued by universities across the region.
Inclusive Internationalization: Improving Access and Equity
Authors: De Wit Hans , Jones Elspeth
Published: June 2018

In higher education, we are faced with two main paradoxes. First, while we may be striving to increase internationalization and global engagement, in many countries isolationist and nationalist trends result in a disconnect between local and global. Second, while credit and degree mobility is increasing globally, this billion-dollar industry reaches only a small student elite, leaving 99 percent of the world’s student population behind. An inclusive approach must address the issue that current internationalizationpolicies and practices leave out the great majority of students in the world. Internationalization for all should be the starting point for institutional strategies, reflecting an awareness that all students must be engaged in this agenda to prepare for their future lives as citizens and as professionals.