bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
All hubs and no spokes? Exploring the potential of hubs to sustain rural and regional development
Authors: Bosworth Gary , Salemink Koen
Published: May 2022

In the arena of rural development, a number of initiatives have adopted the idea of a hub to deliver improved services, promote business development and support local communities. This editorial sets out the rationale for a Special Issue that seeks to understand the additional value that hubs can provide. In particular, we assess their overlapping social and economic goals and the implications for networks and strategies to create, develop and sustain successful hubs. Additionally, we explore opportunities for innovation and new collaborations among different types of hubs with different organisational models and conceptualise how best to develop the ‘spokes’ that are essential for connecting hubs to both their local communities and to wider stakeholders.
Poor inter-observer agreement in anatomical classifications of infrapopliteal arterial disease due to mandatory selection of only one target artery
Authors: Ludwigs Karin , Andersson Manne , Johnsson Åse A , Nordanstig Joakim , Svalkvist Angelica , Falkenberg Mårten , Baubeta Erik
Published: May 2022

Background

Established anatomical classifications of infrapopliteal arterial lesion severity are based on assessment of only one target artery, not including all infrapopliteal arteries although multivessel revascularization is common.

Purpose

To investigate the reproducibility of one of these classifications and a new aggregated score.

Material and Methods

A total of 68 patients undergoing endovascular infrapopliteal revascularization at Sahlgrenska University Hospital during 2008–2016 were included. Preoperative magnetic resonance angiographies (MRA) and digital subtraction angiographies (DSA) were evaluated by three blinded observers in random order, using the infrapopliteal TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC) II classification. An aggregated score, the Infrapopliteal Total Atherosclerotic Burden (I-TAB) score, including all infrapopliteal arteries, was constructed and used for comparison.

Results

Inter-observer agreement on lesion severity for each evaluated artery was good; Krippendorff’s α for MRA 0.64–0.79 and DSA 0.66–0.84. Inter-observer agreement on TASC II grade, based on the selected target artery as stipulated, was poor; Krippendorff's α 0.14 (95% confidence interval [CI]=−0.05 to 0.30) for MRA and 0.48 (95% CI=0.33–0.61) for DSA. Inter-observer agreement for the new I-TAB score was good; Krippendorff's α 0.76 (95% CI=0.70–0.81) for MRA and 0.79 (95% CI=0.74–0.84) for DSA.

Conclusion

Reproducible assessment of infrapopliteal lesion severity can be achieved for separate arteries with both MRA and DSA using the TASC II definitions. However, poor inter-observer agreement in selecting the target artery results in low reproducibility of the overall infrapopliteal TASC II grade. An aggregated score, such as I-TAB, results in less variability and may provide a more robust evaluation tool of atherosclerotic disease severity.
Coronavirus disease 2019 transmission and symptoms in young children during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Delta variant and Omicron variant outbreaks
Authors: Akaishi Tetsuya , Ishii Tadashi
Published: May 2022

Objective

Little is known about the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in young children. This study aimed to clarify the risk of COVID-19 transmission among this population.

Methods

Between July 2020 and April 2022, 1660 0 to 3-year-old children underwent a nasopharyngeal swab for later reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction testing at a mass screening test center in Japan. Their disease transmission rate and clinical symptoms were evaluated according to the predominant variant strains of that season.

Results

The secondary transmission rate after close contact of the Delta B.1.617.2 (17.4%) and Omicron B.1.1.529 (39.2%) variants was significantly higher than that of the conventional strains (B.1.1.284 and B.1.1.214; 4.5%) during the pandemic. The increased transmissibility with the Delta and Omicron variants was independent of close contact or location. The prevalence rates of cough, fatigability, and fever were similar in young children infected by the Delta and Omicron variants.

Conclusions

COVID-19 transmission in children aged 0 to 3 years increased by 3 to 4 fold during the Delta outbreak and by 8 to 10 fold during the Omicron outbreak compared with the conventional strain outbreak. The symptoms in young children were not different between the Delta and Omicron variants.
The True Location of Kapilavastu
Authors: Mishra Ramakanta
Published: May 2022

After discovery of the Pāḍariyā pillar inscription in 1896, it has been generally believed that the spot of Buddha’s birth was situated very close to the location of that inscribed pillar. It is because the inscription contains the words, ‘here was born Buddha, the Sakyamuni’. Furthermore, it has been believed that this inscription was meant to record the pilgrimage of King Aśoka to Lumbinī. Actually, these beliefs are the result of wrong interpretation of the inscription. Moreover, Pāḍariyā differs in respect of many vital points from the narratives of Lumbinī’s location, which are found in the travel accounts of the Chinese Pilgrims and in Buddhist scriptures. These clearly indicate that the identification of Pāḍariyā with Lumbinī was a mistake.

Śrāvastī district or Kośala has been described by Fa-hien as a country of Mid-India. This means that Kapilavastu, situated about 100 miles southeast of śrāvastī, should also be in Mid-India. Many Buddhist texts too describe Kapilavastu as being situated in Kośala and in Mid-India. If Kapilavastu was situated in Mid-India and at the same time was situated in the country of Kośala, then it means that it was situated in the Kośala of Mid-India. Out of the two Kośalas which existed in the past, North and South, it is South-Kośala which was situated in Mid-India. This forms the basis of the hypothesis that Kapilavastu should have been situated in South-Kośala region. This South-Kośala hypothesis leads to entirely new places, Kapilabhata and Limpara, being proposed to be identified with Kapilavastu and Lumbinī.
Comparison of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Third Edition and the Leiter-R Intellectual Assessments for Clinic-Referred Children
Authors: Renaud Florence , Béliveau Marie-Julie , Akzam-Ouellette Marc-Antoine , Jauvin Karine , Labelle Fannie
Published: May 2022

A review of clinical records was conducted for children with developmental, emotional, and behavioral difficulties who were assessed with both the Wechsler preschool and primary scale of intelligence-third edition (WPPSI-IIICDN; Wechsler, 2004) and the Leiter international performance scale-revised (Leiter-R; Roid & Miller, 1997) within the same psychological evaluation. Forty children, ages 3–7, were included in this study. Pearson correlations showed that the IQ scores of the two instruments are strongly related ( r > .70; p < .001). However, paired t-tests showed that overall Leiter-R scores ( M = 99.03) were significantly higher than WPPSI-IIICDN scores (PIQ; M = 82.28, FSIQ; M = 75.24) ( p < .001). The discrepancies between the instrument’s scores were clinically important as the use of only one of the two instruments could result in misclassification of child intellectual ability. These results should prompt professionals working with this clinical population to be cautious when using results from a single instrument in a child’s intellectual evaluation.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Informal and Formal Advance Care Planning Among U.S. Older Adults
Authors: Lenko Rachel , Voepel-Lewis Terri , Robinson-Lane Sheria G. , Silveira Maria J. , Hoffman Geoffrey J.
Published: May 2022

Objective

To examine advance care planning (ACP) trends among an increasingly diverse aging population, we compared informal and formal ACP use by race/ethnicity among U.S. older adults (≤65 years).

Methods

We used Health and Retirement Study data (2012–2018) to assess relationships between race/ethnicity and ACP type (i.e., no ACP, informal ACP only, formal ACP only, or both ACP types). We reported adjusted risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals.

Results

Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic respondents were 1.77 (1.60, 1.96) and 1.76 (1.55, 1.99) times as likely, respectively, to report no ACP compared to non-Hispanic White respondents. Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic respondents were 0.74 (0.71, 0.78) and 0.74 (0.69, 0.80) times as likely, respectively, to report using both ACP types as non-Hispanic White respondents.

Discussion

Racial/ethnic differences in ACP persist after controlling for a variety of barriers to and facilitators of ACP which may contribute to disparities in end-of-life care.
Assessment of Extractions of Deciduous Mandibular Canine Teeth to Correct Linguoversion Malocclusion in 17 Dogs
Authors: Herrmann Kirk , Taney Kendall
Published: May 2022

A search of medical records at the Center for Veterinary Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Gaithersburg, MD was conducted to identify patients who received extractions of deciduous mandibular canine teeth to treat linguoversion. Patients were included if they were less than 5.5 months of age and had a diagnosis of deciduous class 2 or bilateral class 1 malocclusions. Treatment was considered a success if normocclusion of the permanent dentition was achieved at follow up evaluation. Seventeen patients represented 13 different breeds. No significant correlation was seen between age of treatment (mean age 3.34 months) or sex (11 males, 6 females). Six patients had class 1 malocclusions (35.29%) and eleven patients had class 2 malocclusion (64.71%). Of the six dogs treated for class 1 malocclusions, two had traumatic palatal contact and four had only minor soft tissue contact. Eleven cases of class 2 malocclusion were treated and of these there was one mild, six moderate, and four severe cases of mandibular distocclusion. All cases treated for class 1 malocclusions had a successful outcome resulting in permanent normocclusion (100%), while class 2 malocclusions had success in three of eleven cases (27.27%). The outcomes based on occlusion type were determined to be significant (p = 0.009). All participants had immediate relief of soft tissue trauma and no significant side effects of treatment were recorded. The results show that extractions of deciduous linguoverted mandibular canine teeth (LMC) can immediately improve traumatic impingement and may be a factor in providing a comfortable and functional adult occlusion. Further investigation with a larger sample size would be warranted.
Engaging professionals in the strategic renewal of public services: A literature review and research agenda
Authors: Hendrikx Wiljan , Kuiper Marlot , van Gestel Nicolette
Published: May 2022

Based on an extensive literature review, this article explores the impact of strategic renewal in the public sector on the roles and skills of public professionals. Findings show that successive reforms of New Public Management and New Public Governance have resulted in hybrid role requirements that go beyond the often-debated dichotomy between professionalism and management. Based on our review, we could distinguish four sets of skills for professionals, linking traditional professional expertise to competences for networking and co-creation. Implications for future research are discussed.
A comprehensive machinability comparison during milling of AISI 52100 steel under dry and cryogenic cutting conditions
Authors: Saravana Kumar M , Shafeer PK , Sworna Ross Nimel , Ishfaq Kashif , Adediran Adeolu A , Adewale Akinwande Abayomi
Published: May 2022

Fabrication of complex and flat shapes is usually processed by milling operation with multi-point cutting tools. In this research, the potential of cryogenic and dry milling was investigated under varying cutting speed (50–250 m/min) and the feed (0.05–0.15 mm/tooth), while machining of AISI 52100 steel at a constant depth of cut. PVD TiAlN coated carbide cutting tool was employed in this research. The results show a reduction of 52%–78% in the white layer (WL) thickness under cryogenic cooling (LN2) environment due to its high thermal cooling effect. A drop out of 49% in the cutting temperature has also been observed if LN2 cooling is used instead of dry milling. Cryogenic cooling provides a 28%, 28%, and 29% decrease in the cutting forces; FX, FY, and FZ, in comparison with the dry milling. Furthermore, the roughness of the machined specimen reduces by 29% if the LN2 cooling mechanism is engaged in milling of AISI 52100. Study of chips morphology revealed that the cryogenic LN2 machining produced discontinuous, thin and small serrated chips with silver color.
Entropy optimization of MHD hybrid nanofluid flow through a curved stretching sheet with thermal radiation and heat generation: Semi-analytical and numerical simulations
Authors: Sakkaravarthi K. , Reddy Polu Bala Anki
Published: May 2022

The present study scrutinizes the significance of magnetohydrodynamics, thermal radiation, and heat transfer in the mixed convective two-dimensional flow, which is constituted of ( EG (30%) + water (70%), CuO, and MgO) hybrid nanofluid over a curved stretching sheet. Along with this Joule heating, viscous dissipation and heat generation are considered account. The governing non-linear coupled partial differential equations are converted into non-linear coupled ordinary differential equations and then the homotopy perturbation method is utilized. When compared to the numerical method (Runge–Kutta method), the homotopy perturbation method produces more precise and dependable results. For velocity, temperature, Bejan number, entropy generation, skin friction, and Nusselt number, graphical results are provided with the impact of active parameters. The velocity profile increases for higher values of curvature parameter, mixed convection parameter. The temperature profile rises when the thermal radiation parameter increases. Also temperature profile decreases when the values of thermal slip parameter and slip parameters increase. The skin friction coefficient is growing when the curvature parameter and the slip parameter both rises. When the magnetic parameter is increased the skin friction decreases. The current research can be applied in the areas such as transpiration, fiber coatings, coolants, heat exchangers, and other similar devices.
Comparative assessment over the selection of lean supply chain practices through fuzzy integrated principal component analysis, gray relational analysis, and complex proportional assessment approaches
Authors: Gopal Gokilakrishnan , Murugesan Vigneshkumar
Published: May 2022

Due to the competitive market, the organizations look for performance improvement in their supply chain activities. Lean principles aim to reduce waste, and many research works have explored their effectiveness in the supply chain. Yet, industries face the problem of selecting appropriate lean supply chain management practices for their present environment. The present study performed a detailed literature study to identify majorly adapted lean supply chain management practices and generalize the most important ones with lesser implementation issues. For this purpose, the multi-criteria decision-making approaches, namely, gray relational analysis and complex proportional assessment of alternatives, are used to rank the identified lean supply chain management practices. Principal component analysis was used to generate criteria weights for computations. Out of 28 selected lean supply chain management practices from the literature, seven high-priority lean supply chain management practices are recommended as a generalized list as a result of prioritization by multi-criteria decision-making approaches such as total quality management, just-in-time production, pull system/kanban, 5S, information technology, work standardization, and customer relationship management. This study will benefit the practitioners to quickly identify suitable lean supply chain management practices to enhance their supply chain network, which can result in substantial cost savings.
Dementia mind styles in contemporary narrative fiction
Authors: Lugea Jane
Published: May 2022

This article reports the findings of the first large-scale study into how dementia is depicted in the minds of fictional characters. Dementia is increasingly prevalent and, in the absence of a cure, requires better societal and cultural awareness. Literary representations offer readers the opportunity to ‘try on’ fictional minds, and better understand alternative cognitive experiences. Stylisticians have explored the ‘mind styles’ of characters with various illnesses, characteristics and behaviours, but this is the first comprehensive study of dementia mind styles, and indeed, any one syndrome. A substantial corpus of contemporary fiction depicting the internal perspectives of characters and narrators with dementia was compiled. The data is analysed qualitatively and quantitively, embracing a methodological eclecticism suited to understanding the patterns in characters’ cognitive experiences across texts. The results are presented thematically, demonstrating the enduring significance of features traditionally associated with mind style (underlexicalisation, diminished sense of cause and effect, and pragmatic difficulties), as well as a wide range of new features. These include discourse presentation, sensory descriptions and conceptualisation of the self and others. By exploring the mind styles of many characters with dementia, this research not only widens the application of the concept, but also the range of features associated with its creation and, importantly, offers a theoretical redefinition: mind style is redefined as an iconic representation of fictional cognition, offering a simulated experience for readers.
Empowerment as an alternative to traditional patient advocacy roles
Authors: Cole Clare , Mummery Jane , Peck Blake
Published: May 2022

There has long been acceptance within healthcare that one of the roles that nurses fulfil is to do with patient advocacy. This has historically been positioned as part of the philosophical and inherent requirements of the nursing profession at large and is supported through shared conceptualisations of the nursing profession. Such conceptualisations are communicated to nursing professionals by way of first their education, and second their professional codes, guidelines and standards for practice. The focus on advocacy is further embedded within patient-centred care frameworks and concepts of the nurse–patient therapeutic relationship. Nurses have also been considered ideally placed to undertake the work of patient advocacy due to the 24/7 nature and intimacy of the care provided. What this means is that nurses are under the impression that that they must be an advocate for their patients through their nursing practice. However, for a fundamental concept of nursing, advocacy is poorly defined, and practices commonly associated with advocacy are undercut by the professionalisation of nursing and other constraints. In addition, nursing standards and frameworks of care are being actively reframed around ideas of empowerment which do not necessarily fit well with those of advocacy. This article thus suggests that it is time to recognise that the work of advocacy is no longer representative of what nurses (can) do in practice, and to explicitly reorient conceptualisations of nurse practice around empowerment. This article will further analyse what this may look like in practice.
TMD in Down Syndrome
Authors: Ch. Suguna Reddy , D. Vardhini Sree
Published: May 2022

Down syndrome is the most common autosomal trisomy with an incidence of 1 in 700 to 800 live births. 1 Hematologic abnormalities are common in Down syndrome. 10% of infants with Down syndrome develop an abnormal myeloproliferative disorder called transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM). 2 It occurs because of uncontrolled proliferation of myeloblasts in peripheral blood and bone marrow and is characterized by the presence of GATA-1 mutation along with trisomy 21. The majority of the cases show spontaneous remission without the need for chemotherapy, and only supportive care is required for such cases. We present a newborn with Down syndrome who developed TAM within the first week of life and showed spontaneous remission with supportive care.
A Survey on Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Elements in Cleft Palate Repair
Authors: Grabar Christina , Fligor Jennifer , Kanack Melissa , Walsh Juleah , Kim Joe , Vyas Raj
Published: May 2022

This study aims to characterize current use, knowledge, and attitude toward ERAS protocols by academic craniofacial surgeons.

Craniofacial surgeons were provided with electronic surveys.

Electronic survey; Institutional tertiary surgeons.

102 cleft palate surgeons surveyed and 31 completed the survey (30.4%).

None.

Respondents rated their knowledge, use, and willingness to implement perioperative interventions modeled after adult ERAS protocols.

Majority (67.7%) rated they were knowledgeable about ERAS. However, 61.3% “never use” a standardized protocol for cleft palate surgery. Only 3 ERAS elements are currently implemented by a majority of cleft surgeons: avoiding prolonged perioperative fasting (67.7%), using hypothermia prevention measures (74.2%), and minimizing use of opioids (62.5%). A large majority of respondents noted they never administer bolus (71.0%) or infusion (80.6%) dosing of tranexamic acid; most of these surgeons also indicated that administering tranexamic acid “would not be a valuable addition” (67.7% and 71.0%, respectively). Short-acting sedatives are used by 12.9% and by 16.1% of surgeons in all patients during extubation and postoperative recovery, respectively. By contrast, 22.6% never use such agents during extubation and 48.4% never use it during postoperative recovery. Overall, 67.7% of respondents replied that they would be willing to implement an ERAS protocol for cleft palate repair.

Many respondents report using interventions compatible with an ERAS approach and the majority are willing to implement an ERAS protocol for cleft palate repair.
Caring for Caregivers: Multiple Losses, Diminished Social Support, and their Associations with Depression in Family Caregivers
Authors: Moh Yoon Suh , Lanthier Richard P. , Crunk A. Elizabeth
Published: May 2022

The present study investigated the association between family caregiving-related losses, diminished social support, and depression in 533 adult family caregivers living in the United States. Results suggested that 62.66% ( n = 334) of participants were considered at risk for depression. Results from structural equation modeling (SEM) approaches revealed that caregiving-related losses were a strong predictor of depression, explaining 47% of a total variance. A lack of social support was also a predictor of depression in this sample, increasing total variance accounted for to 51%. We discuss clinical implications, including strategies for coping with caregiving-related losses and their correlates.
Multiculturalism and Colorblindness as Threats to the Self: A Framework for Understanding Dominant and Non-Dominant Group Members’ Responses to Interethnic Ideologies
Authors: Rios Kimberly
Published: May 2022

Both multiculturalism (which involves recognizing and appreciating differences) and racial/ethnic colorblindness (which can involve emphasizing similarities or individual characteristics) are intended to promote intergroup harmony. Nevertheless, these ideologies can backfire when salient. Although this work has sometimes been interpreted to suggest that dominant group members may perceive salient multiculturalism, and non-dominant group members may perceive salient colorblindness, as threatening, it is unclear what about these interethnic ideologies poses a threat and why. The present article draws upon theories of the self-concept to introduce a framework of Multiculturalism and Colorblindness as Threats to the Self. Specifically, it is proposed that multiculturalism (colorblindness) is potentially threatening to dominant (non-dominant) group members’ collective, relational, and personal selves. Dispositional and contextual variables that may moderate perceptions of threat among members of dominant and non-dominant groups, alternative interethnic ideologies to multiculturalism and colorblindness, and potential future research directions are discussed.
“Using unity and victory to bid farewell”: China's management of the public opinion incident of Dr Li Wenliang through crisis nationalism
Authors: Zhang Chunyu , Zhu Runhua , Mo Shiwei
Published: May 2022

This paper examines how online expressions about Dr Li Wenliang became a public opinion incident in China and how the regime adjusted its internet censorship and emotional governance. We find that public perception of Li changed from a rumormonger to a whistleblower, a victim of structural causes, and a martyr of the nation, with collective emotions shifting from feelings of uncertainty to outrage, panic, and grief. Reassured by the state's crisis management and by positive stories of solidarity and resilience, the public then moved to a xenophobic discourse of crisis nationalism with feelings of hope, vindication, and pride. Meanwhile, public trust in the state grew as the regime delegated responsibility to local governments and perpetuated itself as a paternalistic, responsive, and effective leader through an authoritarian participatory propaganda. We argue that the pandemic spawned an emerging crisis nationalism that fed into the regime's crisis management and propaganda.
Axes and fluidity of oppression in the workplace: Intersectionality of race, gender, and sexuality
Authors: Luiz John M , Terziev Viktor
Published: May 2022

Our research explores how the historically institutionalized and authoritarian discriminatory South African context continues to affect the experiences of LGBT mid-level managers in the workplace. South Africa provides a rich environment to explore “axes of oppression” (heteronormativity/homophobia, race/racism, gender/sexism), and how these manifest and impact on participants’ work experience. Bringing together intersectionality as an analytical strategy with identity work allows us to examine the interaction between identities and the institutionalized processes by which they are shaped. Our findings show a multifaceted fluidity of oppression where individuals can move between continuums of advantage and disadvantage. We demonstrate the importance of historically embedded modes of oppression within the theory of intersectionality and how this manifests in institutional and organizational practices. As a result, organizations, institutions, and individuals play a role in reproducing inequality through intricate systems of oppression at micro, meso, and macro levels. This affects how individuals draw on their intersecting identities to respond to and decipher encounters with others.
An experimental investigation of windage and oil churning power losses of gears and discs
Authors: Handschuh M , Guner A , Kahraman A
Published: May 2022

This study presents comparable sets of churning and windage power loss measurements of a gear. Measurements are performed under windage (air only) and churning (immersion in oil up to a certain level) to quantify load-independent power losses of a family of spur and helical gears along with representative discs. Aiming at quantifying the impact of gear geometry on churning or windage losses to establish a baseline for the case of no enclosures around the gear, the test matrix is designed to investigate three key items: (a) contribution of losses along the periphery and faces, (b) the influences of gear teeth versus a toothless replacement disc as well as key design parameters (gear module and helix angle), and (c) a comparison of churning and windage power losses measured from the same exact set-up. The churning power losses are shown to increase with the static oil levels due to increased solid-fluid interactions. The impact of oil bath temperature (oil viscosity) on churning loss is observed to be more pronounced for higher oil levels. The presence of gear teeth on the rotating specimen (spur or helical) cause churning loss to increase modestly in comparison to the disc specimens. Furthermore, a larger tooth size results in higher churning power losses. The influence of gear teeth (gear vs. disc) on windage loss is shown to be significant, indicating that modeling a gear in a high-speed windage condition as a cylindrical disc might not be an acceptable practice.
Examining health experiences and body dissatisfaction in two unique samples of patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: August Kristin J , Albright-Pierce Maggie R , Markey Charlotte H
Published: May 2022

Using cross-sectional data from two samples of adult patients with type 2 diabetes ( n = 123 and n = 111), we used an embodiment perspective to examine whether health experiences were related to the extent of individuals’ dissatisfaction with their bodies. The nature and strength of associations differed across the two unique samples examined, but weight status had the strongest and most robust association with body dissatisfaction in both samples. None of the associations differed as a function of gender or age. These findings contribute to an understanding of the complex relationship between physical and mental health in the context of diabetes.
The digital Creole
Authors: Brunton Douglas-Wade
Published: May 2022

This article argues that the Creole is, at once, both a technological construct of the plantation economies of the colonized Atlantic world and a moment of interpretation, constantly negotiating time, place, and interpellations. By placing the Creole identity firmly without the borders of either racial or biological classification, this position works toward an understanding of the new social constructions afforded by the new world of online spaces. Centring the Caribbean as the engine of modernity – the New World – and referencing the role it has played in what we have come to know as cultural studies through the work of Stuart Hall, I argue that the new world of online spaces is analogous to the region in this moment – a thirdspace of limitless possibilities – and offer the logic of the digital Creole as a means of unravelling what it means to exist in a digital world.
Preliminary investigation on the bending capacity of a novel connection between the concrete slab and steel beam
Authors: Wang Weiyong , Wang Ziqi
Published: May 2022

Using precast concrete floors can greatly improve the construction efficiency of steel structures, and the development of the connection between precast slabs affects the application of precast concrete floors in steel structures. In this paper, a new connection between the precast concrete floor and steel beam is proposed. The bending capacity of the connection was investigated through experiments, and compared with that of the cast-in-place floor. The test results showed that the reliability of the new connection was excellent, and the bending capacity of the floor with this connection is basically the same as that of the cast-in-place floor. The finite element software ABAQUS was employed to simulate the bending behavior of the new connection floor and cast-in-place floor, and the feasibility of the model was verified by comparing it with the experimental results. The model was used to analyze the structural response of the two types of composite beams composed of new connections and precast floor, cast-in-place floor, and steel beam, respectively. The load-bearing capacity and failure modes of the two composite beams were compared. The results showed that the bearing capacity of the composite beam fabricated with the new connection can reach that of the cast-in-place floor composite beam. This is only a preliminary investigation about the new connection and there are some limitations as well.
Environmental impact assessment of guided wave-based structural health monitoring
Authors: Aujoux Clarisse , Mesnil Olivier
Published: May 2022

Guided wave-based structural health monitoring (GW-SHM) relies on permanently installed sensors to detect and monitor structural defects such as cracks or delamination. Millimeter to centimeter-sized defects are detected over areas of several square meters with sparse sensor networks installed on metallic or composite structures. So far, the main drivers of the development of such technologies have been expectations of cost savings and/or an increased safety. As monitoring requires a complex cyber physical system including, at least an energy source, sensors, data acquisition, treatment, and communication capabilities, adding monitoring capabilities to a structure leads to an intrinsic environmental impact. This paper targets for the first time the environmental assessment of GW-SHM. Such analysis being use-case dependent, two prospective applications are studied: railroad monitoring and wind turbine monitoring. A complete GW-SHM system prototype is defined to quantify its environmental impact, and exploitation scenarios are proposed to estimate the potential environmental gains provided by the monitoring. For the scenarios under consideration, the studied system is found to be either carbon neutral or carbon negative (i.e., favorable), but this result is limited to the functional units under consideration. The present study is expected to be a template for further environmental assessments of monitoring systems, which shall be conducted for each prospective application and refined often as systems mature and exploitation scenarios become clearer and exploitation data available.
Method for predicting cutter remaining life based on multi-scale cyclic convolutional network
Authors: Li Tao , Yu Yinquan , Huang Chaoqiang , Yang Jinwen , Zhong Yuanchang , Hao Yong
Published: May 2022

In the process of predicting the remaining cutter life, the deep-learning method such as convolutional neural network does not consider the time correlation of different degradation states, which directly affects the accuracy of the remaining cutter life prediction. To extract the features with time-series information to predict the remaining cutter life more effectively, this article proposes a new deep neural network, which is named the multi-scale cyclic convolutional neural network. In the multi-scale cyclic convolutional neural network, a multi-scale cyclic convolutional layer is constructed to memorize the degradation state at different moments and to mine the timing characteristics of multiple sensor data. Multi-scale features are extracted through multi-scale convolution, and the convergence of parameters is improved by layer-by-layer training and fine-tuning. Finally, the remaining cutter life is predicted based on the features. The comparison with the published prediction methods of convolutional neural network and recurrent neural network models proves that our method (multi-scale cyclic convolutional neural network) is superior in improving the precision and accuracy of remaining cutter life prediction. This method breaks through the limitations of the convolutional neural network prediction model in this field and provides a theoretical basis for evaluating the remaining service life of the cutter.
Cutaneous hypersensitivity reaction to low molecular weight heparins in pregnancy, cross reactivity and prednisolone treatment: A case report
Authors: Saraiva Susana , Martins Matilde , Sereno Sara , Ferreira Patrícia , Pinto Augusta , Rasteiro Cátia
Published: May 2022

In pregnant women, low molecular weight heparin is recommended as the preferred agent for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and treatment. Despite their widespread application, heparin-induced skin lesions are probably under-reported and under-estimated. We present a case report of a primigravida treated with low molecular weight heparin for deep vein thrombosis, who developed a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to enoxaparin, tinzaparin and dalteparin. As the patient was pregnant, treatment options were restricted. Tolerance was achieved with dalteparin with adjuvant administration of prednisolone. An attempt to decrease prednisolone dose triggered delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction recurrence that was solved by keeping the initial prednisolone prescription. To the best of our knowledge, there are no described cases using this approach. In cases of delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to low molecular weight heparin during pregnancy our case suggests that switching low molecular weight heparin and adjuvant administration of prednisolone can be an option.
Comparison of the H:Q Ratio Between the Dominant and Nondominant Legs of Soccer Players: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Lutz Fabian D. , Cleary Christopher J. , Moffatt Hannah M. , Sullivan Violet E. , LaRoche Dain P. , Cook Summer B.
Published: May 2022

Context:

Soccer players often have a dominant (D) leg, which could influence the relative strength between the quadriceps and hamstrings. The hamstring-to-quadriceps (H:Q) ratio can be assessed on a dynamometer at various velocities to provide information on injury risk.

Objective:

To assess the concentric hamstrings and concentric quadriceps strength ratio (conventional H:Q ratio) assessed in D and nondominant (ND) legs at various speeds in male soccer players.

Data Sources:

A systematic literature search was completed from inception to 2020 in PubMed, Academic Search Ultimate, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus.

Study Selection:

Keywords associated with the H:Q ratio were connected with terms for soccer players. Titles and abstracts were screened by 2 reviewers based on inclusion and exclusion criteria related to sex, playing level, language, and measurement. A total of 81 studies were reviewed and 17 studies (21%) were used.

Study Design:

A meta-analysis with random effects modeling generated standardized mean differences with 95% CIs between legs and speeds.

Level of Evidence:

Level 3.

Data Extraction:

A total of 38 cohorts were identified, with 14, 13, and 11 cohorts assessed at low, intermediate, and high velocities, respectively. The Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-sectional Studies from the National Institutes of Health was used.

Results:

The mean H:Q ratio at low velocities was 59.8 ± 9.5% in D leg and 58.6 ± 9.9% in ND leg, 64.2 ± 10.7% (D) and 63.6 ± 11.3% (ND) at the intermediate velocity, and 71.9 ± 12.7% (D) and 72.8 ± 12.7% (ND) at the high velocity. Low, intermediate, and high velocities had small effects of 0.13, 0.10, and -0.06, respectively.

Conclusion:

Conventional H:Q ratios vary across velocities but did not differ between D and ND limbs in male soccer players. This study may provide the foundation to establish norms and clinically meaningful differences.
Crashworthiness investigation of draw bead in aluminum tubes under axial loading condition
Authors: Nikkhah Hamid , Naveed Nida , Beiragh Roghaiyeh Assaedi , Dadashzadeh Sina , Truong Quang-Tri
Published: May 2022

This study aims to investigate the effects of the draw beads on the crashworthiness of the aluminum tubes under axial quasi-static loading. Based on this design philosophy, a total of 12 beading tube designs with various configurations were developed. Within each design, the effect of arrangement bead form on the crashworthiness performance was also analyzed. A finite element model, validated using experimental tests, was used to study the crashworthiness performance and progressive deformation of the tubes. Based on the results, a multi-criteria decision-making method known as Technique of Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution was employed to determine the most suitable tube that features high energy absorption and low impact force. The best tube with a high score was selected to investigate the effect of bead formed direction on aluminum tubes. Consequently, the study identified a bead shape tubes configuration that exhibits superior crashworthiness and low impact force. The beading tube design methodology presented in this study allows the exploitation of variable shapes geometries for the development of high-efficiency energy-absorbing structures and their crushing behaviors.
Challenges in the development of digital public health interventions and mapped solutions: Findings from a scoping review
Authors: Iyamu Ihoghosa , Gómez-Ramírez Oralia , Xu Alice XT , Chang Hsiu-Ju , Watt Sarah , Mckee Geoff , Gilbert Mark
Published: May 2022

Background

“Digital public health” has emerged from an interest in integrating digital technologies into public health. However, significant challenges which limit the scale and extent of this digital integration in various public health domains have been described. We summarized the literature about these challenges and identified strategies to overcome them.

Methods

We adopted Arksey and O’Malley's framework (2005) integrating adaptations by Levac et al. (2010). OVID Medline, Embase, Google Scholar, and 14 government and intergovernmental agency websites were searched using terms related to “digital” and “public health.” We included conceptual and explicit descriptions of digital technologies in public health published in English between 2000 and June 2020. We excluded primary research articles about digital health interventions. Data were extracted using a codebook created using the European Public Health Association's conceptual framework for digital public health.

Results and analysis

Overall, 163 publications were included from 6953 retrieved articles with the majority (64%, n = 105) published between 2015 and June 2020. Nontechnical challenges to digital integration in public health concerned ethics, policy and governance, health equity, resource gaps, and quality of evidence. Technical challenges included fragmented and unsustainable systems, lack of clear standards, unreliability of available data, infrastructure gaps, and workforce capacity gaps. Identified strategies included securing political commitment, intersectoral collaboration, economic investments, standardized ethical, legal, and regulatory frameworks, adaptive research and evaluation, health workforce capacity building, and transparent communication and public engagement.

Conclusion

Developing and implementing digital public health interventions requires efforts that leverage identified strategies to overcome diverse challenges encountered in integrating digital technologies in public health.
The Black Church and Public Health: A Key Partnership for Theory Driven COVID-19 Recovery Efforts
Authors: Brown Natasha R. , Alick Candice L. , Heaston Alexis G. , Monestime Shanada , Powe Nicolette
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 epidemic has negatively impacted the Black community in the United States. Despite current disease mitigation efforts, work is still needed to ensure that Black individuals living in the United States understand their risks regarding COVID-19 infection whether vaccinated or unvaccinated. Thus, the current article posits that the Black church, in concert with public health practitioners, is a venue through which theoretically based health messages should be designed and disseminated regarding COVID-19 recovery efforts. The Health Belief Model and the Harm Reduction approach are posed as theoretical frameworks to facilitate the design of such messages.
Tax Farming Revenues and Accounting in Ottoman Finance: The Case of Kocaeli (1846–1847)
Authors: Yardımcı Mehmet Emin , Yasa Bengü Doğangün , Ayvaz Ednan
Published: May 2022

Unlike the European nations that shifted from privatized tax collection to a centralized government control system, the Ottoman Empire successfully maintained its tax farming system. Yet, there is ample evidence against the views that such a system was backward and wasteful are not entirely correct, but that the Ottoman tax collection method was successful in its own historical context. Therefore, the aim of this study was to reveal evidence of whether the Ottoman Empire implemented a successful tax farming system in the 19th century based on the accounting records of tax farming revenues considering the Ottoman public finances, institutional infrastructure, and administrative practices in a broader European context. Accordingly, the present study utilized the Prime Minister’s Ottoman Archives, the records of Revenue (Varidat) Accounting Administration, and the tax farming auctions in the Central Council (Majlis-i Val’a). The economic and financial conditions of the period were also considered in the analysis of the data. Evaluation of the tax collected by tax collectors in Kocaeli Province (Sancak) revealed the nature of economic activities in the empire. It can be stated that tax collectors in Kocaeli Province paid the total amount of 395,612 Guruş (Ottoman currency) tax revenue in five installments in 3 months and that the highest tax was collected from the sales of alcoholic beverages. Adet-i Ağnam (the tax collected for sheep and goat breeding) collected from each district was auctioned for tax farming price of 51,610 Guruş. In addition to these taxes, taxes from trade, forestry, maritime, and industrial production were included in the tax farming revenues. Overall, considering the adverse political and economic conditions in the historical process, the Ottoman Empire’s tax farming system was successful in collecting taxes and was a part of the formation of the modern Ottoman public finance system.
Association Between Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Function With Postoperative Pain, Narcotics Consumption, and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures Following Lumbar Microdiscectomy
Authors: Bovonratwet Patawut , Vaishnav Avani S. , Mok Jung K. , Urakawa Hikari , Dupont Marcel , Melissaridou Dimitra , Shahi Pratyush , Song Junho , Shinn Daniel J. , Dalal Sidhant S. , Araghi Kasra , Sheha Evan D. , Gang Catherine H. , Qureshi Sheeraz A.
Published: May 2022

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Objective

To determine association between preoperative Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Function (PROMIS-PF) scores with postoperative pain, narcotics consumption, and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) following single-level lumbar microdiscectomy.

Methods

Consecutive patients who underwent single-level lumbar microdiscectomy were identified from May 2017–May 2020. Patients were grouped by their preoperative PROMIS-PF scores: mild disability (score≥40), moderate disability (score 30-39.9), and severe disability (score<30). Preoperative PROMIS-PF subgroups were tested for association with inpatient postoperative pain, total inpatient narcotics consumption, time to narcotic use cessation as well as improvements in postoperative PROMIS-PF, ODI, VAS-Leg Pain, VAS-Back Pain, SF-12 Physical Component Score (PCS), SF-12 Mental Component Score (MCS) at 2-, 6-, 12-weeks, 6-month, 1-year, 2-year follow-up.

Results

A total of 127 patients were included. Patients with greater disability reported higher inpatient maximum Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain scores ( P = .023) and total inpatient narcotics consumption ( P = .008) but no difference in time to narcotic cessation after surgery ( P = .373). However, patients with greater preoperative disability also demonstrated greater improvement from baseline in PROMIS-PF, ODI, SF-12 PCS, and SF-12 MCS at 2-week follow-up ( P < .05). These higher improvements from baseline for patients with greater preoperative disability were sustained for PROMIS-PF, ODI, and VAS-Leg Pain at 2-year follow-up ( P < .05)

Conclusions

Patients with greater preoperative disability, as measured by PROMIS-PF, had increased inpatient postoperative pain and narcotics consumption, but also higher improvement from baseline in long-term PROMs. This data can be utilized for patient counseling and setting expectations.