bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Farmers’ Perspectives on Challenges and Opportunities Associated with Using High Tunnels for Specialty Crops
Authors: Bruce Analena B. , Maynard Elizabeth T. , Farmer James R.
Published: May 2019

High tunnels are an increasingly popular part of the infrastructure among small and diversified farms that market their products directly to consumers. In addition to extending the growing season, research has strongly indicated that high tunnels can increase yield, enhance shelf life, and improve the quality of crops grown. The objective of this study was to gain a better understanding, from the perspective of farmers, of the challenges and opportunities associated with adopting high tunnels for specialty crops in Indiana. We collected information through a case study that included questionnaires and in-depth interviews with 20 farmers. We found that the additional labor and time requirements of high tunnel production, the increased complexity of high tunnel production, soil fertility, and disease management, and limited winter markets posed the greatest challenges. The ability to differentiate their products based on higher quality and longer shelf life, the ability to obtain a premium price, the ability to have a source of income during the off-season, and the ability to produce complementary crops were the most important opportunities for using high tunnels. This research implied ways to expand opportunities and reduce barriers to maximizing the potential of high tunnels. Understanding the human dimensions of managing high tunnels is important for providing extension educators and Natural Resources Conservation Service field staff with better knowledge of the common difficulties and benefits of this technology so they are better able to advise farmers considering investing in a high tunnel. A focus on the human dimensions is also helpful for identifying research priorities to evaluate new approaches to decreasing problems and increasing benefits. Consequently, this study provided an in-depth understanding of farm-level challenges associated with high tunnel adoption to improve future research in diverse fields.
Development of Perceived School Counselor Support Scale: Based on the ASCA Mindsets and Behaviors
Authors: KARAMAN Mehmet Akif , KARADAŞ Cemal , VELA Javier Cavazos
Published: May 2019

This study presents a culturally and
psychometrically sound instrument of perceived school counselor support among
Turkish high school students. The study has been framed using American School
Counseling Association’s Mindsets and Behaviors for Students Success Model to
create a valuable instrument that measures students’ perceptions of their
school counselors’ support in a different culture, society, and education
system. The results of this
study supported the theoretical based Perceived
School Counselor Support Scale long and short forms providing initial and
strong evidence based on internal structure and relations to other variables.
Internal consistency estimates on subscales ranged from good to strong.
Immobilization of cesium-resistant bacterial cells by radiation polymerization and their bioremoval efficiency
Authors: Singh Rita , Shitiz Kirti , Singh Antaryami
Published: May 2019

Biological approaches for the removal of heavy metals and radionuclides from contaminated water are reported. The present study was carried out with the objective of identifying bacterial strains for the uptake of cesium that could be used for bioremediation. Polymer carriers prepared by radiation polymerization were used for the immobilization of bacteria and the efficiency of free cells and immobilized cells for the removal of cesium was evaluated. Thirty-five bacterial isolates were screened for resistance to cesium and five bacterial isolates based on resistance to cesium (BR-3, BR-6, BR-21, BR-39, BR-40) were selected for immobilization. Polymer carriers were prepared using 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% acrylamide at different doses of 1 to 5 kGy gamma radiation. The polymer carriers prepared using 30% and 40% acrylamide at 5 kGy were found to be suitable based on gel fraction and absorption capacity for the immobilization of bacterial cells. Bioremoval of cesium by free and immobilized bacterial cells was evaluated. Significant reductions of 76–81% cesium were observed with bacterial cells immobilized by radiation polymerization.
Is There a Role for Acute Vasoreactivity Testing Outside of Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension?
Authors: Krasuski Richard A.
Published: May 2019

The Ask the Expert column highlights challenges faced in caring for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). In this issue, Richard Krasuski, MD, comments on the role of acute vasoreactivity testing (AVT) in the heart failure population.
The Gender/Estrogen Paradox and the Right Ventricle in Pulmonary Vascular Disease
Authors: Ventetuolo Corey E.
Published: May 2019

The Clinical Trials Update highlights new and ongoing research trials that are relevant to the diagnosis and treatment of PAH. In this issue, Corey Ventetuolo, MD, MS, describes a study on the relationships among genetic predictors of sex hormone processing, sex hormones and their metabolites, and RV measures both at baseline and longitudinally in male and female participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis–Right Ventricle Study.
Exercise in Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Olschewski Horst
Published: May 2019

In healthy subjects, exercise causes a complex cardiovascular and ventilatory response that allows for a 20-fold increase of oxygen consumption as compared to rest. In pulmonary hypertension (PH) this response is very much limited by a restriction of the maximum cardiac output (CO). This restriction is caused by a massively increased afterload of the right ventricle (RV) despite an adaptation that doubles right ventricular contractility as compared to normal controls.1
Cell Therapy for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Potential Efficacy of Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Suen Colin , Mei Shirley H.J. , Stewart Duncan J.
Published: May 2019

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) presents a challenging problem for health care providers, as effective long-term therapies have been elusive. An emerging paradigm for the pathogenesis of PAH is that endothelial cell injury and apoptosis at the level of the precapillary arteriole could be the initiating event in the pathogenesis of this disease. This hypothesis has spurred research on novel regenerative approaches using stem and progenitor cells. In this review, we compare findings from the latest preclinical and clinical studies using endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy to treat PAH. Additionally, we highlight recent advances in gene-enhanced cell therapy, an approach that promises to augment the therapeutic potential of EPCs and MSCs especially for the reversal of established PAH. These new regenerative approaches have shown great promise in preclinical studies; however, large, rigorously designed clinical studies will be necessary to establish clinical efficacy.
Sickle Cell Disease and Pulmonary Hypertension: Addressing the Mixed Pathology and Special Considerations in Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Farber Harrison W. , Gladwin Mark , Horn Evelyn M. , Park Myung H.
Published: May 2019

This discussion was moderated by Evelyn M. Horn, MD, Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine and Director, Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Center for Advanced Cardiac Care, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York. Panel members included Harrison W. Farber, MD, Director, Pulmonary Hypertension Center, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine; Mark Gladwin, MD, Chief, Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Myung H. Park, MD, Director, Pulmonary Vascular Disease Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine.
Lung Transplantation for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Girgis Reda E. , Conte, John V. , Orens Jonathan B.
Published: May 2019

The past decade has witnessed enormous strides in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Currently available pharmacologic agents are capable of inducing sustained clinical improvements and reducing mortality, particularly for idiopathic PAH (IPAH). However, response is variable, and morbidity and mortality remain unacceptably high in this relatively young population.12 Lung transplantation, therefore, remains an important option in the face of progressive disease.
Surgical Treatment of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Madani Michael M. , Jamieson Stuart W.
Published: May 2019

Pulmonary hypertension as the result of chronic pulmonary thromboembolic disease is a serious condition with poor long-term prognosis. The condition is one of the more common cardiovascular diseases affecting Americans, yet it is severely underdiagnosed. Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy is the definitive treatment for chronic pulmonary hyper-tension as the result of thromboembolic disease; however. it is an uncommon procedure, primarily because of lack of recognition on the part of the clinicians. Patients affected by chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) may present with a variety of debilitating cardiopulmonary symptoms. However, once diagnosed, there is no curative role for medical management, and surgery remains the only option. Palliation therapy with medical management in order to delay surgery carries the risk of prolonging the disease and irreversibly damaging unaffected pulmonary vasculature.
Chronic Thromboembolic Disease: Underdiagnosis and Nonsurgical Options
Authors: Schilz Robert , Auger William
Published: May 2019

Chronic thromboembolic disease (CTED) remains an impor- tant exclusion in patients presenting with pulmonary hyper- tension. As illustrated by this case, however, exclusion must be rigorous with or without a suggestive history. Although it is a surgically treated disease, not all patients may be can- didates for or elect surgery, leaving medical management as the only remaining option.
PHA Scientific Sessions Provide a Great Window Into Treatment Breakthroughs While Inspiring Physicians and Patients Alike
Authors: Fagan Karen , Bull Todd , McMurtry Ivan F. , Minai Omar A.
Published: May 2019

This roundtable discussion, reviewing the proceedings from the Pulmonary Hypertension Association's Eighth International PH Conference and Scientific Sessions in Houston in 2008, was moderated by Karen Fagan, MD, Chief, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama. It included Todd Bull, MD, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, Colorado; Ivan F. McMurtry, PhD, Professor, Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama School of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama; and Omar A. Minai, MD, Staff Physician in the Department of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine and the Lung Transplant Center at the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
Outcomes, Management, and Complications of Lung Transplantation for Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Edelman Jeffrey D.
Published: May 2019

Successful lung and heart-lung transplantations were achieved nearly 3 decades ago at a time when medical therapeutic options for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension were extremely limited. While the medical arsenal for treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension has expanded considerably since this time, lung and heart-lung transplantations continue to offer potential for improved survival and quality of life for patients who experience disease progression despite medical therapy. The majority of patients with pulmonary hypertension requiring transplantation can be successfully treated with lung transplantation and do not require combined heart-lung transplantation. Advances in surgical techniques, medical management, donor and recipient selection, pharmacologic therapies, and clinical outcomes assessment have led to ongoing improvements in short- and long-term outcomes. Long-term success requires appropriate candidate and donor selection, experienced surgical and medical teams, diligent medical follow-up by the transplant team in collaboration with community medical providers, and excellent patient adherence with post-transplant care and therapy. This article addresses short- and long-term management and complications associated with lung transplantation. Outcomes after transplantation, immunosuppressive management, acute and chronic rejection, medical morbidities, and underlying diagnosis-specific concerns are discussed.
Update From the NHLBI on Lung Vascular and Pulmonary Hypertension Research
Authors: Moore Timothy M. , Gail Dorothy B. , Kiley James P.
Published: May 2019

Over the past decade, significant advances in treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients have occurred. These advances have come as a result of collective efforts by physicians, scientists, patient advocacy organizations, pharmaceutical companies, and public and private grants-awarding agencies. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) registry was instrumental in characterizing the devastating nature of this disease1 and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)-supported research on the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying basic pulmonary vascular tone regulation and abnormal vasoconstriction have been pivotal in identifying the therapeutic potential of the PAH drugs now in clinical practice. With the new therapies, the prognosis of PAH is improving and predictors of poor clinical prognosis have become better appreciated. However, better disease phenotyping, elucidating pathogenesis, and decreasing morbidity and mortality remain as research goals. The limitations of current therapeutic options necessitate that lung vascular and pulmonary hypertension research remains a high priority for the NHLBI.
Does Nimodipine, a Selective Calcium Channel Blocker, Impair Chondrocyte Proliferation or Damage Extracellular Matrix Structures?
Authors: Kaplan Necati , Yilmaz Ibrahim , Karaarslan Numan , Kaya Yasin E. , Sirin Duygu Y. , Ozbek Hanefi
Published: May 2019

Background:

The study aimed to investigate the effects of the active ingredient, nimodipine,
on chondrocyte proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) structures in cartilage tissue cells.

Methods:

Chondrocyte cultures were prepared from tissues resected via surgical operations. Nimodipine
was then applied to these cultures and molecular analysis was performed. The data obtained were
statistically calculated.

Results:

Both, the results of the (3-(4,5 dimethylthiazol2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) assay and
the fluorescence microscope analysis [a membrane permeability test carried out with acridine orange/
propidium iodide staining (AO/PI)] confirmed that the active ingredient, nimodipine, negatively
affects the cell cultures.

Conclusion:

Nimodipine was reported to suppress cellular proliferation; chondroadherin (CHAD) and
hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) expression thus decreased by 2.4 and 1.7 times, respectively,
at 24 hrs when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, type II collagen
(COL2A1) expression was not detected (p<0.05). The risk that a drug prescribed by a clinician in an
innocuous manner to treat a patient by relieving the symptoms of a disease may affect the proliferation,
differentiation, and viability of other cells and/or tissues at the molecular level, beyond its known side
effects or adverse events, should not be forgotten.
Complementary and Alternative Medicine for the Treatment of Insomnia: An Overview of Scientific Evidence from 2008 to 2018
Authors: Cheng Bingli , Liu Yanfei , Tian Jinfan , Gao Rui , Liu Yue
Published: May 2019

Insomnia is a widespread sleep disorder in the general population, and it is a risk factor for
impaired function, the development of other medical and mental disorders, and causes an increase in
health care costs. In view of the health hazards of insomnia and the shortcomings of western medicine,
Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) should be considered in the management of insomnia.
The present overview reports the potential role of herbal medicine and non-pharmacological therapies
in the treatment of insomnia and summarizes the scientific evidence reported from 2008 to 2018.
PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for studies published from 2008 to 2018. 17 randomized
controlled trials and 22 non-pharmacological therapies were included in this review, and the
results showed that CAM had certain advantages in the treatment of insomnia. The safety of CAM for
insomnia was acceptable. Meanwhile, based on pre-clinical trial, the possible mechanisms of CAM for
insomnia were modulation of circadian rhythm, GABA receptor activation, antagonisms of 5-HT receptors,
inhibition of glutamate-mediated pathways, and attenuation of inflammation. CAM for insomnia
has made some progress, but high quality evidence-based medical evidence is still needed to provide
guidance for clinical application.
Advanced Glycation End Products in Chinese Medicine Mediated Aging Diseases: A Review
Authors: Zhang Wenqian , Zhao Tingting , Zhao Yonghua , Gui Dingkun , Xu Youhua
Published: May 2019

Aging has become a worldwide problem. During this process, the incidence of related diseases such as diabetes and atherosclerosis increases dramatically. Studies within the most recent two decades suggest a pivotal role of Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) in the aging process. This review aims to systemically summarize the effects and potential mechanism of Chinese Medicines on inhibiting AGEs-related aging diseases.
mmWave MIMO systems for 5G communications
Authors: Patchala Sarala , Sailaja M.
Published: May 2019

:

The next generation 5g communications are used with baseband precoders and beam forming. The technology is needed to update the all the available characteristics in the present wireless communication system. In the mmWave MIMO system the number of antenna are increased to improve the spectral efficiency of the system.
RADIO-PHOTON MULTILOOP DELAY LINE FOR MONITORING AND VERIFICATION OF TECHNICAL PARAMETERS OF DOPPLER RADAR SYSTEM
Authors: Ilyin M. Yu. , Kim A. A. , Razuvaeva I. S. , Sotnikova N. V.
Published: May 2019

One of them actual problems of development doppler radar is technical parameters quality control. Especially it concerns the development of reference standards for sounding and imitation of Doppler shifts of the carrier frequencies of the radar, which is difficult and economically unprofitable task. The article considers the possibility of measuring and controlling the technical parameters of meteorological Doppler radars using the time delay multi-loop radio-photon system for imitation distance and Doppler shift. A method for controlling the range, spatial resolution, blind zone, sensitivity of the receiver, as well as the accuracy of determining the wind speed along the beam is proposed on the basis of data obtained as a result of the calibration bench for metrological control of laser meteorological locators prototype development. Methods for checking the trace standards and Doppler shifts in a radio-photon imitation multi-loop time delay line are proposed.
ALGORITHM FOR SELECTION OF LAUNCH ELEMENTS IN THE PRESENCE OF A PRIORI INFORMATION ABOUT ITS COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE
Authors: Nemykin O. I.
Published: May 2019

Traditional methods of the theory of statistical solutions are developed for cases of making single-valued two-alternative or multialternative solutions about the class of an object. Assuming the possibility of ambiguous multi-alternative (in the case of solving the problem of selection of space objects of three-alternative) decisions on the classification of of space objects at the stages of the selection process, a modification of the traditional statistical decision making algorithm is required. Such a modification of the algorithm can be carried out by appropriate selection of the loss function. In the framework of the Bayes approach, an additive loss function is proposed, the structure of which takes into account a priori information on the structure and composition of launch elements in relation to the classes «Launch vehicle» and «spacecraft». The algorithm of decision making is synthesized under the conditions of a priori certainty regarding the probabilistic description of the analyzed situation. It is shown that the problem of verifying three-alternative hypotheses can be reduced to an independent verification of three two-alternative hypotheses, which makes it possible to take particular solutions in the solution process and use a different set of the signs of selection for the formation of solutions for individual classes of space objects. The peculiarities of the implementation of the selection algorithm are discussed in the presence of a priori information and measurement information on starts of a limited volume. The synthesized Bayesian decision making algorithm has the properties necessary to solve the problem of selection of space objects at launch in real conditions in the presence of measuring information specified in the form of a training sample. Its architecture allows to form unambiguous and ambiguous decisions about each space object in the launch.
A SPECTRAL APPROACH TO THE SYNTHESIS OF GEOMETRIC MODELS OF DISTRIBUTED OBJECTS
Authors: Artyushenko V. V. , Kiselev A. V. , Nikulin A. V. , Stepanov M. A.
Published: May 2019

In this article we consider a problem of reliable modeling of echo signals and angle noise of distributed objects using twodimensional geometric models with random statistically unrelated signals. A method for determining the spectral power density of signals applied to emitters of a geometric model, which makes it possible to reliably model angle noise of a distributed object, is proposed. Analytical relations are obtained for calculating the spectral power density of signals applied to the emitters of the five-point model for a number of typical situations that arise when modeling reflections of distributed objects. The proposed approach is applicable for any number of emitters of the model and makes it possible to synthesize models with the given spectral-correlation characteristics of angle noise of both one-dimensional and multidimensional objects equally conveniently.
MULTISTAGE MICROSTRIP UHF LOAD
Authors: Savenkov G. G. , Razinkin V. P. , Mekhtiev A. D.
Published: May 2019

Applications of modern terminal loads and its relevant disadvantages are described in this paper. The decomposing method of wideband microwave high power microstrip loads design is proposed in this paper with purpose of matching quality improving. Multiple extension of multistage load bandwidth is provided by using of external matching circuit and internal matching inductive elements. The maximum reachable bandwidth of multistage load is estimated and optimal values of mathing circuit elements are founded on basis of equivalent lumped scheme. The topology of microstrip two-stage high power microwave load is developed and its frequency response, calculated via numeric electrodynamic modelling method is outlined in the paper. Modelling results show good matching quality of considered load at the frequency band below 3,5 GHz.
ADAPTIVE ALGORITHMS OF CONTROLLING THE SMART LI-ION BATTERY CONTROLLER
Authors: Borovoy I. A. , Danishevskiy O. V. , Parfenov A. V.
Published: May 2019

The article substantiates the necessity of organizing the control system of modern lithium-ion batteries. Passive and active methods of cell balancing are described. The method of increase of efficiency of modes of accumulation of electric energy by means of the special electronic control device (the intellectual controller) and its further use for power supply of the functional equipment is considered. The structure of the intelligent controller as a part of the autonomous power supply system with the description of its main functional units and purpose is presented. Practical results of application in the intellectual controller of original adaptive control algorithms defining modes of operation of lithium-ion drives depending on various environmental conditions are resulted. The results of the analysis obtained by the results of experimental operation of the battery system, reflecting the qualitative and quantitative advantages of the proposed method.
LIMITATION OF INTENTIONAL POWER PULSED OVERVOLTAGE IN POWER SUPPLY NETWORKS OF AUTOMATED SYSTEMS IN THE PROTECTED EXECUTION
Authors: Kolosov V. A.
Published: May 2019

The requirements of the standards «Automated systems in a protected design» for limiting intentional overvoltage in power networks are considered. Standards apply to systems designed to protect against deliberate impacts on information for the purpose of destruction or distortion. Compliance with the requirements of these standards should be ensured when designing and operating such systems. The tasks solved by the developed devices in the form of power electronic modules significantly increase the security of the equipment of the responsible radio electronic equipment. The main of these tasks are: limiting network surge to acceptable levels; limiting the output voltage of the network to a level no greater than 1.2 of the nominal value at a multiplicity of the input voltage of 1.7; indication and remote signaling of the modes of operation of the modules. The fulfillment of the requirements of standards by the modules developed in the development work on the theme «Sesame» is shown.
ASSESSMENT OF EFFICIENCY OF IMPLEMENTATION OF RESULTS OF R & D IN SCIENTIFIC INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION
Authors: Balashova K. V. , Alekseev A. L.
Published: May 2019

The main theoretical positions determining the role and essence of the analysis of the effectiveness of the implementation of the results of research and development (R & D) in the production of science-intensive products are considered. The toolkit for determining the economic efficiency of implementing the results of R & D in science-intensive production in the implementation of medium- and long-term projects has been developed. Its essence consists in analyzing the effectiveness of the full technological cycles for the creation of high technology products using common and differentiated descriptive economic and statistical models for calculating the criteria for its evaluation. To ensure the reliability of the evaluation of efficiency, it is suggested to make comparability of the different costs taking into account the time lag.
METHODS FOR PROTECTED CONDUCTIVE-COOLING HARDWARE-COMPUTING PLATFORMS DEVELOPMENT FOR VIDEO IMAGE PROCESSING TASKS
Authors: Sorokin A. P.
Published: May 2019

The article contains materials on methods for designing protected high-performance heterogeneous computing platforms (VGVP) based on the modular architecture of the CompactPCI Serial standard. A review of the development of Intel’s x86 processor technology, a review of common video interfaces is given. The requirements for the projected heterogeneous hardware-computing platforms for solving video processing tasks are determined. Platforms that organize parallel processing of digital video images using GPU modules, FPGA modules and CPU modules are described. It is shown that the implementation of linear filtering algorithms on FPGAs allows processing images up to 10 times faster than using GPU modules and even more CPU modules. The maximum power consumption and the capacity of the VGVP with conductive cooling are estimated.
PROSPECTS OF THE MULTI-PURPOSE COMPUTER PLATFORM OPPORTUNITIES DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Cheldiev M. I. , Libman L. S.
Published: May 2019

In the article possibilities of increase of speed for solving a certain class of problems with the help of a profit center created in NIIVK named after М. А. Kartsev. As such capabilities are considered video cards and an optical module InLight256, the dimensions of which allow it to be included in the structure of the profit center. As an example of the use of video cards to improve the speed of implementation of algorithms, an algorithm is considered for finding the shortest coverings of Boolean matrices and further use of the results of this algorithm to find the minimal forms of weakly defined Boolean functions. The article shows that the use of a video card for the class of problems under consideration makes it possible to obtain a gain in time several times. The optical module InLight256, developed by the Israeli company Lenslet, is currently the only optical processor that is commercially available, which can be purchased. The module is equipped with software and is compatible with modern electronic modules. The article lists the advantages of optical modules in comparison with electronic modules and the main characteristics of the above module. In addition, the possible areas of application of the module for both peaceful purposes and military are indicated.
POSSIBILITIES AND LIMITATIONS OF COMBINED SCANNERS
Authors: Vyskub V. G.
Published: May 2019

The technique of optical scanning is continuously developing in the direction of creating new and improving existing types of scanners (deflectors), radiation sources, methods of reading, converting and reproducing information. However, the absence of universal scanner, able to satisfy different applications leads to necessity of application of combined scanning, finding the most effective combination of deflectors with complementary characteristics taking into account their limit values. The purpose of this work is an overview of a typical combined of the scanners used in the systems of wide application, analysis of existing experience in the use of combined deflectors. The article discusses the optical schemes of modern combined scanners, which include scanners of different operating principles and design. The analysis of combined devices for various applications is given, which included optical-mechanical, electronic, acoustic-optical, electro-optical scanners, as well as micro-electromechanical (MEMS) systems, expanding the sphere of scanning tools. The consideration was conducted with a wide set of parameters and characteristics, such as speed, resolution, accuracy of the control of the optical beam, the size of the scanned space, etc. Identified features and benefits of the combined scanning for dynamic, precision, spectral, and structural characteristics and functionality, and also are noted difficulty in implementing a combined scanning. Among them are optical harmonization, dynamic, algorithmic and precision matching of scanners integrated into the device.
PRINCIPLES OF CREATION OF AIR DEFENCE WEAPONS AND MILITARY EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS ENGINEERING INTEGRATED SYSTEM
Authors: Kalik N. A. , Krivolapov V. L. , Strakhov A. F.
Published: May 2019

In the course of the reformation of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, military maintenance units were significantly reduced or liquidated. It resulted in a shift from the previous WME fleet complex maintenance and repair system to the WME maintenance service system. A main scope of the AD WME maintenance service and repair is performed by industrial enterprises that carry out the assigned works related to the AD WME operations engineering based on the relevant government contracts. Due to this, the works related to the AD WME maintenance service and repair are not coordinated enough. Technical tools and technologies applied by different enterprises when performing the works are not unified. Automated information technologies and maintenance service resource-saving technologies based on them are slowly introduced. There is a necessity to bring together the uncoordinated participants performing the works related to the AD WME fleet operations engineering. For these purposes, a reasoned concept of creation of the integrated system ensuring the AD WME fleet operation is suggested. The integrated system includes in its area of responsibility (AOR) the whole territory of the Russian Federation and is aimed at ensuring increase of the AD WME fleet readiness level by means of work management centralisation, applied technologies typification and unification, development and introduction of innovative solutions and technologies into working practice on the AD WME maintenance service and repair.
ESPECIALLY THE MATHEMATICAL DESCRIPTION OF RANDOM SIGNALS WITH THREE LEVELS OF QUANTIZATION
Authors: Mityushov A. I. , Karpov S. A. , Krylov V. A.
Published: May 2019

The article describes the method of mathematical description of an additive mixture signal with noise when using the three‑level quantization. Method is based on the presentation of the implementation of the signal after quantization in the form of a random discrete 3D vector. It is proposed that statistical calculation technique characteristics of three‑level signals. The technique allows visualizing the probability distribution law of radar signals of different shapes on the background noise and calculating its numeric parameters. Knowledge of the law of probability distributions, assuming that the only inlet noise and distribution law of probability signal with noise allows to calculate the detection quality indicators to build a detector performance. Three‑level quantization allows to considerably simplify the technical implementation of electronic signal processing device with acceptable energy loss.
GUIDANCE OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE ON THE LANDING GEAR OF THE VESSEL USING THE TRAJECTORY OF A GUIDE DOG
Authors: Tolpegin O. A. , Makhonin I. O.
Published: May 2019

The problem of the UAV command on the landing gear of the vessel for a specified time to specified terminal conditions. Problem is solved in two stages: in the first phase as a result of solving the problem of optimal calculation software control when performing the specified terminal conditions is determined by the trajectory of the guide, which is calculated without taking into account the inertia of an aircraft apparatus and control system. When the program determines the optimal pitch angle change, as the sum of the optimum angle of attack changes angle and velocity, as well as the optimum traction motor change programme. In the second phase, the programme received are used to control the inertial aircraft, but by selecting options path angle is provided by pitch stabilization launch on toolpath guide with the specified terminal conditions. Provides a test case.
IMPORT LIBRARY DEVELOPMENT APPROACH FOR NEURAL NETWORKS IN NNEF FORMAT FOR OPENVX STANDARD
Authors: Panfilova K. V. , Vorotnev D. V. , Golovanov R. V. , Umnyashkin S. V. , Sharonov I. O.
Published: May 2019

There are many frameworks for building, training and executing neural networks. Each of them offers their own format for storing network architecture. There are two frameworks considered in this paper: Caffe and Torch. They offer Google Protocol Buffer (protobuf) and the built-in Torch format for storing the architecture of neural networks. The existence of different formats leads to the difficulties of porting neural networks to finite devices of different manufacturers. It leads to difficulties in porting neural networks to end-point devices of different vendors. To resolve these issues the Khronos Group proposed universal NNEF format which will be mediator between frameworks and proprietary low-level libraries. The NNEF format allows storing a description of a neural network using a computational graph. In this paper the two main approaches of development of import (parsing) library for neural networks stored in NNEF: online and offline parsing. For each approach an advantages and disadvantages were noticed which will help developers to choose correct way of NNEF parser implementation. The main advantage of an offline parser is simplicity for debugging, and the online parser is a low computational complexity.
COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TO MODELING AND CONSTRUCTION OF FUNCTIONAL DEVICES BASED ON SPACEWIRE CONTROLLERS AND SPACEFIBRE CONTROLLERS OF MULTICOR SERIES
Authors: Kolobanova M. S. , Klyushin S. M. , Kozlov V. K. , Prokopenko T. N.
Published: May 2019

Proposed is an effective integrated approach to the modelling of functional units (FU), on-board computers and embedded systems at the hardware development phase. It is applicable to enterprises with a complete production cycle of industrial systems, including on-board control and information processing devices, space and aeronautical systems and others. In the traditional approach, the driver and on-board software (BPO) are debugged and verified after the manufacture of the product or computer, which significantly increases the lead time for the finished product. The complex approach to modeling the hardware at the transaction level [1] using the SystemC library [2], encapsulating the work with the driver with SpaceWire and SpaceFibre controllers allows to speed up the development of FU and computers, as well as to detect a number of errors and limitations of the system being designed.
INTEGRATED DOMAIN-SPECIFIC PROGRAMMING ENVIRONMENT FOR HETEROGENEOUS MANYCORE PLATFORMS
Authors: Syschikov A. Yu. , Sedov B. N. , Sheynin Yu. E.
Published: May 2019

Different classes of problems on the embedded systems market and its needs make manufacturers of embedded systems to design heterogeneous many/multi core hardware platforms. Such platforms includes dozens of different cores: CPU, GPU, DSP, FPGA etc. That makes them incredibly hard to program, especially in case when domain experts are involved in the development process. Usually, domain expert has knowledge in his domain area, but does not fully understand the specificity of programming for heterogeneous manycore platforms. In this article, we propose the complex technology and tools that allows involving domain experts in software development for embedded systems. The proposed technology has various aspects and abilities that can be used to build verifiable and portable software for a wide range of heterogeneous embedded platforms.
ESTIMATION OF VIRTUAL CHANNELS BANDWIDTH FOR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT IN SPACEFIBRE NETWORKS
Authors: Korobkov I. L.
Published: May 2019

The application of SpaceFibre network standard and ESDP transport protocol (the previous name is «STP-2») for streaming data transfer in onboard spacecraft networks is considered in the paper. The paper demonstrates that traffic management is needed in SpaceFibre networks. To solve this problem Adaptive Data Streaming Service (ADSS) could be used. ADSS Traffic management is based on the traffic control via changing of SpaceFibre configuration parameters and ESDP protocol’s mechanisms. Genetic Algorithm (GA) is proposed to determine new SpaceFibre configuration parameters. The key function of GA is the quantity estimation of streaming data through SpaceFibre. To the best of our knowledge, there is no such methods for SpaceFibre networks. It is for this reason that the mathematical method of quantity estimation has been developed and presented in the paper. The math model of streaming over SpaceFibre was also developed for this method. It is based on Markovian chain. Examples of calculations are given. The proposed method could be used for SpaceWire networks with STP-ISS-14 protocol.
VLSI AND SYSTEM-ON-CHIP REDUNDANT COMPONENTS SYNTHESIS
Authors: Rozanov V. V. , Suvorova E. A.
Published: May 2019

Redundancy - mostly used method to increase fault tolerance of the system. Fault tolerance in modern embedded systems is important feature due to accelerating aging and manufacturing defects, which diagnosis during the chip testing at fabric is impossible. In addition, different ways of system using may need different degree of fault tolerance. From Application Specified Integrated Circuit (ASIC) design point of view redundancy means area and power increasing. On early design stages, it is necessary to see the correlation between the components hardware description and its synthesized equivalent. The article considers several variants of synthesized redundant components that show the effect on area and power regarding to their architecture. The main goal of presented research is to describe RTL and Synthesis correlation.
DESIGN OF FREQUENCY INDEPENDENT DIGITAL IQ IMBALANCE COMPENSATOR FOR RECEIVERS
Authors: Gridin I. Yu.
Published: May 2019

Derivation of IQ imbalance in IQ receivers because of non-idealities of analog front-end has a significant negative effect on received signal quality and serious RF system performance degradation. Thereat the RF designers have an objective to create and improve compact and stand-alone methods of IQ imbalance compensation which provide best possible Image Rejection Ratio (IRR). The DSP-based methods of compensation are the most perspective. In this paper described one of version of autonomous and adaptive frequency independent IQ imbalance compensation algorithm which can be implemented as an IP that which can be used in different SoC for RF applications. The calculation method is based on digital signal statistic estimation with real-time convergence of compensation coefficients to the goal values which provide best image rejection. The results of algorithm’s processing for different input values with different IQ imbalance values are presented with max and min image rejection ratio estimation.
STEPS OF VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION ROUTE AIMED AT OBTAINING THE SOC MODEL ABLE TO PERFORM TARGET TASKS AND ALGORITHMS WITH SPECIFIED CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Zhezlov K. A. , Kolbasov Ya. S. , Nikolaev A. V. , Putrya F. M. , Frolova S. E.
Published: May 2019

In order to ensure the convergence of SoC design based on its performance on real applications the entire route of SoC development starting with the architectural design to the qualification tests for topological netlist should be focused on the early localization of performance issues and the confirmation of consumer characteristics of SoC before its tapeout. The article describes some of the details of of SoC verification flow, based on the convergence of performance requirements. Also the results of the work of tools used in research of SoC and its components at various abstraction levels are presented. Verification flow is based on the usage of templated test environments and unified performance analysis tools. Method of description of input stimuluses based on graphs is proposed. This method allows recovering the scenarios which discovered errors and simulateing of real traffic. Steps of system verification and validation route, oriented to the SoC model capable to perform targeted objectives and algorithms with preset characteristics are proposed. An example of a system verified by principle of performance metrics control is given.
OPTIMAL UNIFORM QUANTIZATION OF PARAMETERS OF CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors: Kolesnikov D. S. , Kuznetsov D. A.
Published: May 2019

State of the art convolutional neural networks provide high accuracy in solving a wide range of problems. Usually it is achieved by a significant increasing their computational complexity and the representation of the network parameters in single-precision floating point numbers. However, due to the limited resources, the application of networks in embedded systems and mobile applications in real time is problematic. One of the methods to solve this problem is to reduce the bit depth of data and use integer arithmetic. For this purpose, the network parameters are quantized. Performing quantization, it is necessary to ensure a minimum loss of recognition accuracy. The article proposes to use an optimal uniform quantizer with an adaptive step. The quantizer step depends on the distribution function of the quantized parameters. It reduces the effect of the quantization error on the recognition accuracy. There are also described approaches to improving the quality of quantization. The proposed quantization method is estimated on the CIFAR-10 database. It is shown that the optimal uniform quantizer for CIFAR-10 database with 8-bit representation of network parameters allows to achieve the accuracy of the initial trained network.
Implementasi Rangkaian CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) Generator pada FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array)
Authors: Augoestien Nia Gella , Aditya Ryan
Published: May 2019

Data integrity in high speed data transmission process is a major requerment that can not be ignored. High speed data transmission is prone to data errors. CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) is a mechanism that is often used as a detector errors in data transmission and storage process. When CRC is implemented using embedded software or processor, CRC requires many clock cycles. If CRC Generator implemented in special dedicated hardware, computational time reduced so that it can be met the high speed system communication requirement. This paper propose the design and implementation of CRC generator on FPGA that capable to minimaze computational time. The method is to reduce calculation latency by separating the coefficients of certain digits and calculating directly the result of  polinomial key modulo. CRC Generator in this paper was implemented on Xilinx Spartan®-6 Series (XC6LX16-CS324). The modeling results have succeeded  to finish computation on 1 clock cycle. Hardware eficiency is achieved 0.38 Gbps/Slice, while the throughput is 3,758 Gbps.
Rancang Bangun Purwarupa Penerima Paket APRS Berbasis Raspberry Pi 2 untuk Stasiun Bumi
Authors: Putra Agfianto Eko , Nugroho Unggul Adhi , Ardi Sumbada Bakhtiar Alldino , Atmaji Catur
Published: May 2019

The design of Raspberry Pi 2-based APRS packets for UGM earth stations has been designed, which is much cheaper than commercial devices on the market. A TV tuner is used as a signal receiver, the receiver is accessed via a laptop wirelessly. A directed antenna with a controller is used to automatically point to the satellite. The test was carried out by receiving the APRS package emitted by the International Space Station (ISS) satellite and the LAPAN-A2 satellite. The results showed that the tool was able to get the ISS satellite APRS package with a total of 6 packages out of 10 packets emitted. The package received has an average amplitude of 1,200 Hz and 2,200 Hz which is much smaller than the overall audio amplitude. This indicates that there is high noise in the signal. While the APRS package from the LAPAN-A2 satellite has not been successfully obtained.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PERCEPTION OF CLINICAL LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS AND LEARNING APPROACH ON CLERKSHIP STUDENTS OF MEDICAL FACULTY
Authors: Hermasari Bulan Kakanita , Wardani Erinda Kusuma , Sunggoro Agus Jati
Published: May 2019

Background: Learning environment is one parameter to evaluate the quality of learning. The learning approach reflects how a student learns in various situations that affect learning. This study aims to know the relationship between the perceptions of the learning environment and the learning approaches in the clerkship students of Medical Faculty.Methods: This research used an analytical observational method with cross-sectional technique. The sample selection technique used cluster sampling. Respondents consisted of 178 students from all clinical rotations. Each respondent was given two questionnaires to assess perceptions of the learning environment and learning approaches. Data were analyzed using contingency coefficient test.Results: Student perceptions of the learning environment show similar results between the number of clinical rotations that have the category of 'good but need improvement' (9 clinical rotations) and the 'many problems' category (9 clinical rotations). Most of the students (84.27%) used the in-depth learning approach, the remaining 10.67% used the strategic approach, and 5.06% used the surface approach. There was relationship between learning environment perception and learning approach with contingency coefficient value C = 0.312, and value p = 0,001 (p <0.05).Conclusion: There is a weak relationship between perception of clinical learning environments and learning approach on clerkship students of the medical faculty, University Sebelas Maret..