bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implications of the neuroanatomy of the equine thoracolumbar vertebral column with regional anaesthesia and complications following desmotomy of the interspinous ligament
Authors: Derham Ann M. , Schumacher Jim , O’ Leary John M. , Kelly Ger , Hahn Caroline N.
Published: December 2020

Impinging/overriding dorsal spinous processes (DSPs) of the thoracolumbar vertebrae are a common cause of poor performance in horses. In the last five decades, numerous surgical treatments have been reported on, from transverse transection of the affected DSPs, and endoscopic resection of the affected DSPs, to transection of the interspinous ligament. Until recently, cosmetic outcomes have been reported as good to excellent in studies. However, a previously unreported complication of neurogenic atrophy of the contralateral epaxial muscle following desmotomy of the interspinous ligament has been recently reported. The authors hypothesised that this was because of a more lateral approach than previously described, resulting in the scissors being too far across midline and transecting a nerve in the region. Considering this finding, we have reviewed the literature on the neuroanatomy of the thoracolumbar region in the horse. Literature on the neuroanatomy of the horse is lacking when compared with that of humans and companion animals, with most of the work extrapolated from companion animals. Based on the current literature, we hypothesise that transection of an intermediate branch of the dorsal spinal nerve supplying the m. longissimus is potentially the cause of the post‐operative neurogenic atrophy. The lack of detailed knowledge of the neural anatomy of the equine back has resulted in the role of local anaesthesia in localising pain in the equine back being poorly understood. The wide variation in techniques used for localising back pain may explain why some horses suffering from poor performance or an abnormal gait because of back pain improve to local anaesthesia of the back while others do not. This review article highlights a lack of anatomical knowledge regarding the equine thoracolumbar region in the literature despite diagnostic local anaesthesia, medication, and surgery in this area being relatively common.
Optimisation and validation of immunohistochemical axonal markers for morphological and functional characterisation of equine peripheral nerves
Authors: Almuhanna Abdulaziz H. , Cahalan Stephen D. , Lane Annette , Goodwin David , Perkins Justin , Piercy Richard J.
Published: December 2020

Background

Horses are affected by various peripheral nerve disorders but defining their aetiology and pathophysiology is hampered by limited understanding of associated morphological and pathological changes and involvement of specific axonal types.

Objectives

To investigate the hypothesis that selected antibody markers, used in conjunction with various tissue processing methods, would enable identification of axons with different functional modalities within a range of equine peripheral nerves.

Study design

Optimisation and validation study.

Methods

A range of antibodies were evaluated immunohistochemically via fluorescence confocal microscopy in cadaver equine nerve samples of primary motor, mixed or primary sensory functions (recurrent laryngeal, phrenic and plantar digital) within formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) and formalin‐fixed frozen (FFF) tissues subjected to different antigen retrieval protocols.

Results

Immunohistochemistry of FFPE‐derived nerve samples with selected antibodies and specific antigen retrieval methods enabled identification of myelinated and unmyelinated axons, cholinergic, sympathetic and peptidergic axons. The recurrent laryngeal and phrenic nerves are composed of myelinated cholinergic (motor), myelinated sensory fibres, unmyelinated adrenergic (sympathetic) axons and unmyelinated peptidergic (sensory) axons. In contrast, as expected, the plantar digital nerve had no myelinated motor fibres being mainly composed of myelinated sensory fibres, unmyelinated sympathetic and unmyelinated peptidergic sensory axons.

Main limitation

Attempts specifically to label parasympathetic fibres were unsuccessful in any nerve examined in both FFPE and FFF tissues.

Conclusions

A panel of antibody markers can be used to reveal morphological and functional properties of equine nerves. Future work should enable better characterisation of morphological changes in equine neuropathies at various stages of disease development.
Retrospective case review investigating the effect of replacing oaten hay with a non‐cereal hay on equine peripheral caries in 42 cases
Authors: Jackson Kirsten , Kelty Erin , Tennant Marc
Published: December 2020

Background

Equine peripheral caries can cause significant morbidity and can have considerable welfare implications. Recent research suggests that diets with high water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content are associated with high risk of peripheral caries. Previous work has indicated that the condition may be treatable if the inciting cause is removed and the damaged tooth allowed to erupt out, being replaced by the unaffected tooth previously under the gingival margin.

Objectives

To see whether the peripheral caries process can be ceased if oaten hay (typically high WSC) is removed from the diet and replaced with a non‐cereal hay (typically lower WSC).

Study design

Retrospective blinded longitudinal study.

Methods

Forty‐two cases with peripheral caries that were on oaten hay were asked if they would change the hay type from oaten hay to a non‐cereal hay or straw (meadow, Rhodes hay, lucerne hay or barley straw). Photographs were taken at the time and then again at subsequent visits. The photographs were anonymised, randomised and scored by six equine veterinary dentists using the Jackson et al. ‘Peripheral Caries Grading System’ grading scale.

Results

At follow‐up, 69.0% of cases were marked as inactive, compared with 47.6% of cases at baseline (OR: 2.45, 95%CI: 1.12‐5.36, P = .02). Significantly lower grades of peripheral caries were observed in the gingival, middle and occlusive third of the molars (triadan 9‐11’s) at follow‐up compared with baseline. However, significant improvements were not observed in the premolars (triadan 6–8’s).

Main limitations

This is a review of clinical records, not a prospective study. As such, other changes in the diet and management were not recorded, and there was no control group.

Conclusions

Recommending clients change their horse's diet from oaten hay (high WSC) to a typically lower WSC hay was associated with significant improvements in equine peripheral caries located in the molars.
A novel data clustering approach based on whale optimization algorithm
Authors: Singh Tribhuvan
Published: December 2020

Data clustering is an important technique of data mining in which the objective is to partitionNdata objects intoKclusters that minimize the sum of intra‐cluster distances between each data object to its nearest centroid. This is an optimization problem, and various optimization algorithms have been suggested for capturing the position vectors of optimal centroids. However, in these approaches, the problem of local entrapment is very common due to weak exploration mechanism. In this paper, a novel approach based on a whale optimization algorithm (WOA) is suggested for data clustering. The performance of the suggested approach is validated using 14 benchmark datasets of the UCI machine learning repository. The experimental results and various statistical tests have justified the efficacy of the suggested approach.
A study of university students' attitude towards integration of information technology in higher education in Mauritius
Authors: Ramdhony Dineshwar , Mooneeapen Oren , Dooshila Mantoo , Kokil Khemraj
Published: December 2020

Technology is changing the way teaching and learning take place. The main purpose of this study is to investigate tertiary students' attitude towards integrating information technology (IT) in higher education. Using stratified random sampling, 180 questionnaires were distributed to students from six tertiary institutions in Mauritius. Exploratory Factor Analysis followed by multiple regression analysis were used to identify factors which influence the perception of students towards integrating IT in education. Our findings show that prior experience, IT self‐efficacy, compatibility and institute support are the main determinants of the attitude towards IT integration in tertiary education. Our findings are expected to be useful to a number of players in the tertiary education sector.
The strong bridge between African librarians and international partnerships
Authors: Musoke Maria G.N.
Published: December 2020

The paper highlights the experience of working with Shane Godbolt when she was a practising Medical librarian, her mentorship to younger librarians/information professionals, her personal and professional support to African librarians and the role she played as the Director of Partnerships in Health Information (Phi). These activities led to successful collaboration between Phi and African librarians. Indeed Shane widened the networks and opened up opportunities for many.
Working in partnership to strengthen health librarianship – Shane Godbolt’s legacy
Authors: Farrow Emma , Cotera Zubeldia Maria
Published: December 2020

This paper focuses on Shane Godbolt’s commitment to international librarianship and global health and her guiding principles for international working. The authors examine and celebrate how these have been applied in practice, impacting many.
Severe glomerular C3 deposition indicates severe renal lesions and a poor prognosis in patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy
Authors: Wu Jianliang , Hu Zhizhi , Wang Yuxi , Hu Danni , Yang Qian , Li Yueqiang , Dai Wei , Zhu Fengming , Yang Juan , Wang Meng , Zhu Han , Liu Liu , He Xiaofeng , Han Min , Yao Ying , Pei Guangchang , Zeng Rui , Xu Gang
Published: December 2020

Aims

Glomerular complement 3 (C3) deposition is often observed in renal biopsies of patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN); however, the relationship between the intensity of C3 deposition and the long‐term prognosis of IgAN has rarely been reported. In this retrospective study, we aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of glomerular C3 deposition for IgAN progression.

Methods and results

From June 2009 to June 2010, a total of 136 adult patients with IgAN were enrolled in the study. According to the intensity of glomerular C3 deposition, patients were divided into a glomerular C3high group (34 patients) and a glomerular C3low group (102 patients). The levels of clinical parameters, glomerular immune complexes, histopathological features, and serum cytokines of the two groups were compared. On the basis of an average of 105 months of follow‐up, the predictive value of glomerular C3 deposition for IgAN progression was also investigated. Patients in the C3high group had more severe glomerular IgA, IgG, IgM, and complement factor H deposition, a higher percentage of mesangial hypercellularity (M1), and higher levels of segmental glomerulosclerosis (S1), tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis (T2), and crescents (C2) than those in the C3low group. Renal biopsies in the C3high group showed higher densities of interstitial inflammatory cells and higher levels of serum interferon‐γ than those in the C3low group. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that a higher intensity of glomerular C3 deposition remained as an independent predictor of serum creatinine doubling and end‐stage renal disease.

Conclusions

A high intensity of glomerular C3 deposition is associated with the severity of renal lesions, and predicts long‐term poor renal survival for IgAN patients.
The effect of protease inhibitor‐based dual antiretroviral regimens on CD4/CD8 ratio during the first year of therapy in ART‐naïve patients with HIV‐infection
Authors: Figueroa MI , Camiro‐Zuñiga A , Belaunzaran‐Zamudio PF , Sierra Madero J , Andrade Villanueva J , Arribas JR , Lama JR , Cecchini DM , Lopardo G , Crabtree‐Ramírez B , Gun A , Patterson P , Fink VI , Sued OG , Cahn P
Published: December 2020

Objectives

To assess the effect of protease inhibitor (PI)‐based dual therapy on CD4/CD8 ratio during the first year of therapy in antiretroviral therapy (ART)‐naïve patients using data from randomized controlled clinical trials.

Methods

We pooled data from the GARDEL and ANDES studies, both randomized controlled clinical trials that recruited ART‐naïve people living with HIV and randomly assigned them to receive PI‐based dual therapy (DT) or triple therapy (TT) aiming to compare viral efficacy. We compared median CD4/CD8 ratios and the proportion of patients with CD4/CD8 ratio > 1 at 48 weeks after ART initiation in both treatment arms using the Mann–Whitney U‐test and the χ2 test. We performed subgroup analysis for patients > 50 years old, with baseline CD4 counts ≤ 200 cells/μL, viral load > 100 000 HIV RNA copies/mL, and ritonavir‐boosted lopinavir‐based therapy.

Results

We analysed data from 571 patients: 292 on DT and 279 on TT. No differences were observed in CD4/CD8 ratio (0.632 vs. 0.617, P = 0.729) or in the proportion of patients with CD4/CD8 ratio > 1 (17.9% vs. 19.3%, P = 0.678) 48 weeks after ART initiation. Subgroup analysis showed no further differences.

Conclusion

The impact of PI‐based DT regimens on the CD4/CD8 ratio during the first year of treatment for ART‐naïve patients is similar to that of TT.
Clinical and onychoscopic characteristics of subungual glomus tumor: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Grover Chander , Jayasree Puravoor , Kaliyadan Feroze
Published: December 2020

Background

Subungual glomus tumor is a relatively uncommon entity with varied clinical presentations which may lead to diagnostic delays. Onychoscopy can be used as an evaluation tool in routine evaluation of glomus tumors.

Objectives and methods

With an aim to characterize the onychoscopic features of subungual glomus tumors, we analyzed 15 cases presenting over 3 years, in this observational study. The clinical, onychoscopic, radiological, and operative findings in these patients were evaluated and correlated depending on the location and extent of the lesions.

Results

All 15 patients (11 female and 4 male) had pain as the presenting symptom and fulfilled the classic triad of paroxysmal pain, cold sensitivity, and positive Love's pin test. Clinical nail plate findings included onycholysis, onychorrhexis with distal splitting, and onychoschizia, while nail bed and matrix findings included localized erythematous and bluish patches, longitudinal erythema, and altered lunula. Onychoscopy corroborated the clinical findings and revealed a more extensive area of involvement in five cases. Definitive onychoscopy findings included a localized structureless erythema interspersed with bluish and patchy whitish areas (five cases of nail bed and six nail matrix tumors) and a “candy‐cane appearance” (six cases, all large and lobulated nail matrix tumors). MRI reported the tumor in 13 cases, while two nail matrix tumors were missed. Transungual excision revealed tumors larger in size than predicted by MRI. The presence of candy‐cane appearance was consistent with lobulated matrix tumors.

Conclusion

Onychoscopy improves the intraoperative detection of location and extent of subungual glomus tumors. Nail bed and nail matrix glomus tumors can have distinctive onychoscopic features that may help in better surgical planning.
From Geneva to San José: The ILO standards and the Inter‐American System for the protection of human rights
Authors: DUHAIME Bernard , DÉCOSTE Éloïse
Published: December 2020

This article analyses how the Inter‐American System for the protection of human rights has used ILO standards as a reference on matters relating to freedom of association and the rights of indigenous peoples. Having established the limits to their use, the authors also analyse how these standards have influenced recent Inter‐American jurisprudence in relation to certain economic, social and cultural rights. They argue that such cross‐referencing is both desirable and useful, since it allows the Inter‐American bodies to base their arguments on the interpretation of specialized authorities, thereby reinforcing the credibility, normative legitimacy and universality of their decisions.
Examining the association between evidence‐based practice and the nurse‐patient therapeutic relationship in mental health units: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Moreno‐Poyato Antonio R. , Casanova‐Garrigos Georgina , Roldán‐Merino Juan F. , Rodríguez‐Nogueira Óscar ,   MiRTCIME.CAT working group
Published: December 2020

Aims

To examine the relationship between the dimensions of evidence‐based practice and the therapeutic relationship and to predict the quality of the therapeutic relationship from these dimensions among nurses working in mental health units.

Design

A cross‐sectional design.

Methods

Data were collected between February–April 2018 via an online form completed by nurses working at 18 mental health units. Multiple linear regressions were used to examine the relationship between the dimensions of evidence‐based practice and therapeutic relationship. Questionnaires were completed by 198 nurses.

Results

Higher levels of evidence‐based practice were a significant predictor of a higher‐quality therapeutic relationship (β: 2.276; 95% CI: 1.30–3.25). The evidence‐based practice factor which most influenced an improved therapeutic relationship was the nurses’ attitude (β: 2.047; 95% CI: 0.88–3.21). The therapeutic relationship dimension which was most conditioned by evidence‐based practice dimensions was agreement on tasks, which was most favourable with a better attitude (β: 0.625; 95% CI: 0.09–1.16) and greater knowledge and skills for evidence‐based practice (β: 0.500; 95% CI: 0.08–0.93).

Conclusion

In mental health settings, the therapeutic nurse–patient relationship is positively enhanced by evidenced‐based practice and the nurse's level of experience, with a great influence on shared decision‐making.

Impact

This research sought to examine the relationship between the evidence‐based practice and the therapeutic relationship in mental health nursing. This study demonstrates that an improved attitude and knowledge of evidence‐based practices of mental health nurses increases shared decision‐making with patients, which is a basic requirement for person‐centred care. Because the therapeutic relationship is considered the backbone of nursing practice in mental health units, this research will have an impact on both mental health nurses and mental health unit managers.
Weight and gender bias in observer perceptions of organizational leadership: Effects of perceived leader prototypicality and unit performance
Authors: Merritt Stephanie M. , Lynch Ellen E.
Published: December 2020

Despite the importance of organizational leaders, few studies have examined whether leaders are subject to stigma and biases based on amount of body fat. Specifically, we examine the extent to which external observers exhibit weight‐based biases against organizational leaders based on types of information that commonly appear in the media (e.g., a portrait and description of unit performance). Based on implicit leadership theory, we examine perceptions of leader prototypicality and ratings of leader effectiveness, as predicted by the interacting effects of leader body fat, leader gender, and the performance of the leader's work unit. Our sample consisted of 437 U.S. adults, recruited through Mturk, who evaluated fictitious leaders. Results suggested that leaders were, indeed, subject to statistically significant weight penalties in perceived leader effectiveness, which operated indirectly via decreased perceptions of leader prototypicality. These weight penalties were significantly increased for both man and woman leaders when unit performance was poor. In terms of credit/blame for unit performance, woman leaders with higher body fat received significantly more blame for unit failure, and less credit for unit success, than their counterparts with lower body fat. Overall, results suggest that external observers seem to exhibit weight‐based biases against leaders, particularly when other information can be used to justify negative evaluations.
Combining teacher‐Led and technology‐assisted instruction to improve phoneme blending to read words for elementary students with disabilities
Authors: Coleman Mari Beth , Fowler Kristen , Parater Alexandra Lee , Riley Marie Jackson , Park Yujeong , Moore Tara C.
Published: December 2020

Technology‐assisted instruction has potential for helping students improve their reading skills. In the current studies, PowerPoint software was used to supplement teacher‐led reading instruction for elementary‐aged students with disabilities who struggled with phoneme blending to read words. The effectiveness of the intervention was assessed using two multiple probe design studies across sets of words based on an onset‐rime (word family) strategy. In Study 1, teacher‐led instruction was paired with technology‐assisted instruction for all intervention sessions for three students in first and second grade. In Study 2, teacher‐led instruction occurred between baseline and technology‐assisted intervention sessions for three students in third and fourth grade. During the initial instruction sessions, participants recorded their own voices onto PowerPoint slides so that their technology‐assisted instruction included self‐modelling. Results of both studies indicated that technology‐assisted instruction can be effective for helping students learn how to blend phonemes to read words; however, performance varied and there were limitations in each study that should be addressed in future research. Relevant implications for classroom instruction are emphasized.
Association between real‐world home blood pressure measurement patterns and blood pressure variability among older individuals with hypertension: A community‐based blood pressure variability study
Authors: Lin Jia‐You , Kuo Kuan‐Liang , Kuo Yi‐Hsin , Wu Kun‐Pin , Chu Kuo‐Chung , Jiang Yan‐Chen , Chuang Yi‐Fang , Cheng Hao‐Min
Published: December 2020

Home blood pressure (BP) monitoring is a useful tool for hypertension management. BP variability (BPV) has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. However, little is known about the correlation between BPV and different measurement patterns of long‐term home BP monitoring. This longitudinal cohort study aimed to assess the associations between dynamic BP measurement patterns and BPV. A total of 1128 participants (mean age, 77.4 ± 9.3 years; male, 51%) with 23 269 behavior measuring units were included. We used sliding window sampling to classify the home BP data with a regular 6‐month interval into units in a sliding manner until the data are not continuous. Three measurement patterns (stable frequent [SF], stable infrequent [SI], and unstable [US]) were assessed based on the home BP data obtained within the first 3 months of the study, and the data in the subsequent 3 months were used to assess the BPV of that unit. We used linear mixed‐effects model to assess the association between BP measurement patterns and BPV with adjustment for possible confounding factors including average BP. Average real variability and coefficient variability were used as measures of the BPV. No significant differences were observed in average BP between the SF, SI, and US patterns. However, BPV in the SF group was significantly lower than that in the US and SI groups (all p‐values < .05). The BPV in SI and US groups was not significantly different. A stable and frequent BP measuring pattern was independently associated with a lower BPV.
Long non‐coding RNA MEG3 promotes autophagy and apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells via PTEN up‐regulation by binding to microRNA‐21
Authors: Lin Liqiang , Liu Xiaoli , Lv Baotao
Published: December 2020

Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been highlighted as attractive markers for diagnosis and prognosis as well as new therapeutic targets in multiple cancers, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Here, we attempted to investigate the underlying regulatory role of the lncRNA maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) in NPC development. As determined by RT‐qPCR, MEG3 expression was down‐regulated in NPC cells. Online RNA crosstalk analysis predicted the binding of miR‐21 to MEG3 and PTEN, respectively. MEG3 was validated to bind to miR‐21 while PTEN was identified as a target of miR‐21 by dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay. Exogenous transfection was done to change the levels of MEG3, miR‐21 and PTEN in HK‐1 cells to investigate their effects on the autophagy and apoptosis of NPC cells. The results suggested that MEG3 overexpression in HK‐1 cells up‐regulated PTEN and down‐regulated miR‐21, by which MEG3 further inhibited autophagy and apoptosis ability of NPC cells. The tumour formation ability was tested after injecting the HK‐1 cells into nude, mice and tumour growth was monitored. Consistently, MEG3 overexpression inhibited the tumour formation in vivo. Collectively, MEG3 promotes the autophagy and apoptosis of NPC cells via enhancing PTEN expression by binding to miR‐21.
Sustained expression of MCP‐1 induced low wall shear stress loading in conjunction with turbulent flow on endothelial cells of intracranial aneurysm
Authors: Chu Cheng , Xu Gang , Li Xiaocong , Duan Zuowei , Tao Lihong , Cai Hongxia , Yang Ming , Zhang Xinjiang , Chen Bin , Zheng Yanyu , Shi Hongcan , Li Xiaoyu
Published: December 2020

Shear stress was reported to regulate the expression of AC007362, but its underlying mechanisms remain to be explored. In this study, to isolate endothelial cells of blood vessels, unruptured and ruptured intracranial aneurysm (IA) tissues were collected from IA patients. Subsequently, quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR), Western blot and luciferase assay were performed to investigate the relationships between AC007362, miRNAs‐493 and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to shear stress. Reduced representation bisulphite sequencing (RRBS) was performed to assess the level of DNA methylation in AC007362 promoter. Accordingly, AC007362 and MCP‐1 were significantly up‐regulated while miR‐493 was significantly down‐regulated in HUVECs exposed to shear stress. AC007362 could suppress the miR‐493 expression and elevate the MCP‐1 expression, and miR‐493 was shown to respectively target AC007362 and MCP‐1. Moreover, shear stress in HUVECs led to the down‐regulated DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), as well as the decreased DNA methylation level of AC007362 promoter. Similar results were also observed in ruptured IA tissues when compared with unruptured IA tissues. In conclusion, this study presented a deep insight into the operation of the regulatory network of AC007362, miR‐493 and MCP‐1 upon shear stress. Under shear stress, the expression of AC007362 was enhanced by the inhibited promoter DNA methylation, while the expression of MCP‐1 was enhanced by sponging the expression of miR‐493.
Serum proteomic analysis of novel predictive serum proteins for neurological prognosis following cardiac arrest
Authors: Gu Shuang‐shuang , Li Jin , Jiang Min , Zhou Yi , Yang Bing , Xie Kehui , Jiang Yun‐fei , Jiang Xin‐rui , He Fei , Wang Jun
Published: December 2020

Early prognostication of neurological outcome in comatose patients after cardiac arrest (CA) is vital for clinicians when assessing the survival time of sufferers and formulating appropriate treatment strategies to avoid the withdrawal of life‐sustaining treatment (WLST) from patients. However, there is still a lack of sensitive and specific serum biomarkers for early and accurate identification of these patients. Using an isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)‐based proteomic approach, we discovered 55 differentially expressed proteins, with 39 up‐regulated secreted serum proteins and 16 down‐regulated secreted serum proteins between three comatose CA survivors with good versus poor neurological recovery. Then, four proteins were selected and were validated via an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) approach in a larger‐scale sample containing 32 good neurological outcome patients and 46 poor neurological outcome patients, and it was confirmed that serum angiotensinogen (AGT) and alpha‐1‐antitrypsin (SERPINA1) were associated with neurological function and prognosis in CA survivors. A prognostic risk score was developed and calculated using a linear and logistic regression model based on a combination of AGT, SERPINA1 and neuron‐specific enolase (NSE) with an area under the curve of 0.865 (P < .001), and the prognostic risk score was positively correlated with the CPC value (R = 0.708, P < .001). We propose that the results of the risk score assessment not only reveal changes in biomarkers during neurological recovery but also assist in enhancing current therapeutic strategies for comatose CA survivors.
Hepatic stellate cells specific liposomes with the Toll‐like receptor 4 shRNA attenuates liver fibrosis
Authors: Zhang Yuwei , Li Yang , Mu Tong , Tong Nanwei , Cheng Ping
Published: December 2020

The hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play a significant role in the onset of liver fibrosis, which can be treated by the inhibition and reversal of HSC activation. The RNA interference‐mediated TLR4 gene silencing might be a potential therapeutic approach for liver fibrosis. The crucial challenge in this method is the absence of an efficient delivery system for the RNAi introduction in the target cells. HSCs have an enhanced capacity of vitamin A intake as they contain retinoic acid receptors (RARs). In the current study, we developed cationic liposomes modified with vitamin A to improve the specificity of delivery vehicles for HSCs. The outcome of this study revealed that the VitA‐coupled cationic liposomes delivered the TLR4 shRNA to aHSCs more efficiently, as compared to the uncoupled cationic liposomes, both in the in vitro and in vivo conditions. Besides, as evident from the outcome of this study, the TLR4 gene silencing inhibited the HSCs activation and attenuated the liver fibrosis via the NF‐κB transcriptional inactivation, pro‐inflammatory cytokines secretion and reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis. Thus, the VitA‐coupled liposomes encapsulated with the TLR4‐shRNA might prove as an efficient therapeutic agent for liver fibrosis.
Incidence of occupational contact dermatitis in healthcare workers: a systematic review
Authors: Larese Filon F. , Pesce M. , Paulo M.S. , Loney T. , Modenese A. , John S.M. , Kezic S. , Macan J.
Published: December 2020

Healthcare workers (HCWs) can be considered at an increased risk of developing occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) due to repetitive hand washing with soaps and disinfectants and extended use of gloves for many hours during the day. The aim of this study was to summarize the incidence of OCD in HCWs. We searched the databases PubMed/MEDLINE (1980‐present), EMBASE (1980‐present) and Cochrane Library (1992‐present) through May 2020 using the search term ‘incidence of contact dermatitis in HCWs' according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Overall, 16 studies (six cohorts; 10 register‐based) with follow‐up periods between 1987 and 2013 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The incidence of OCD reported in studies using registers of occupational diseases ranged from 0.6 to 6.7 per 10 000 person‐years. The cohort studies reported incidence from 15.9 to 780.0 per 10 000 person‐years; the incidence was higher in studies which included apprentice nurses. A higher incidence was also observed amongst dental practitioners, particularly dental technicians and nurses, compared to other HCWs. Studies reporting incidence data are very scarce and results differed by study design, type of contact dermatitis and investigated HCWs. Our study highlighted the dearth of high‐quality data on the incidence of OCD and the possible underestimation of disease burden. Prospective cohort studies with harmonized designs, especially exposure assessment and outcome ascertainment, are required to provide more accurate, valid and recent estimates of the incidence of OCD. A high incidence amongst specific occupational groups suggests the need to undertake intervention studies with a focus on prevention, particularly during pandemics such as COVID‐19.
Is interdental papilla filling using hyaluronic acid a stable approach to treat black triangles? A systematic review
Authors: Ficho Ana Carolina , de Souza Faloni Ana Paula , Pennisi Pedro Rogério Camargo , Borges Lucas Gabriel França , de Macedo Bernadino Ítalo , Paranhos Luiz Renato , Queiroz Thallita Pereira , Santos Pâmela Letícia
Published: December 2020

Purpose

To evaluate the stability of interdental papilla filling using hyaluronic acid (HA) to treat black triangles in esthetic regions.

Methods

The protocol was registered in PROSPERO. Six databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Lilacs, SciELO, and Web of Science) were used as primary search sources, and OpenGrey and OpenThesis were used to capture the “gray literature.” Only before‐after studies were included. The JBI Checklist assessed the risk of bias. Only four studies met the inclusion criteria and were considered for the analyses. The studies were published from 2010 to 2016. All studies presented a low risk of bias. Considering the studies do not have control groups, a weighted average by sample size was calculated to obtain a general estimate of the percentage of papillary filling after 6 months and the number of HA applications.

Results

The studies showed the percentage of papillary reconstruction after 6 months of application, the weighted average by sample size was 77.41% (SD = 20.68), with an average number of applications of 3.17 (SD = 0.31).

Conclusion

The application of HA may be used to repair anesthetic defects in the papilla.

Clinical significance

Interdental papilla reconstruction with injectable HA is an option of nonsurgical treatment for interdental papilla deficiencies. However, there is still concern about the quality of the evidence available, considering that studies with different experimental designs can produce contradictory results. Moreover, further understanding is required on the stability of tissue gain promoted by HA in black triangles.
Effect of modified atmosphere packaging materials on physicochemical and selected enzyme activities of Agaricus bernardii
Authors: Wang Limei , Chen Qianru , Zhang Jin , Cheng Peifang , Hu Jian , Dong Tungalag
Published: December 2020

Agaricus bernardii was a typical mushroom in Inner Mongolia, China, with high metabolic rate, respiration rate and dehydration. The storage time of A. bernardii was very short. It was necessary to prolong postharvest storage. This study was to determine the physicochemical and selected enzyme activities of A. bernardii packed with different barrier packaging materials. The materials concluded low‐density polyethylene (PE), poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate)/poly(l‐lactic acid) (PBAT/PLLA), PBAT/PLLA/hydrophobic silica (0.5S SiO2) and polyamide/PE, respectively. The performance analysis of the materials, gas composition, sensory quality, physicochemical properties, nutritional quality, and index of senility of the mushrooms were measured. The results indicated that the low O2 (<1%) and moderate CO2 levels (4–7%) in 0.5S SiO2 film maintained a high level of soluble protein, soluble sugar, ascorbic acid, and phenolic contents, inhibited the increase of malondialdehyde, increased the antioxidant enzymes activities of peroxidase and decreased the enzymes activities of polyphenol oxidase. The quality index of the mushroom packed in the 0.5S SiO2 film remained a good condition and kept the market value after 15 days of storage.

Practical applications

The biodegradable poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate)/poly(l‐lactic acid) (PBAT/PLLA/SiO2) film has a suitable water vapor permeability and CO2/O2 permeability radio, which could establish a suitable steady‐state inner atmosphere and maintain quality of mushrooms. Compared with the other films, PBAT/PLLA/SiO2 film kept the market value after 15 days of storage and the application of 0.5S SiO2 film could have potential on maintaining the quality of postharvest of Agaricus bernardii. Moreover, expected to replace the nondegradable food packaging material.
A rice tubulin tyrosine ligase‐like 12 protein affects the dynamic and orientation of microtubules
Authors: Zhang Kunxi , Zhu Xin , Durst Steffen , Hohenberger Petra , Han Min‐Jung , An Gynheung , Sahi Vaidurya P. , Riemann Michael , Nick Peter
Published: December 2020

The detyrosination/retyrosination cycle is the most common post‐translational modification of α‐tubulin. Removal of the conserved C‐terminal tyrosine of α‐tubulin by a still elusive tubulin tyrosine carboxypeptidase, and religation of this tyrosine by a tubulin tyrosine ligase (TTL), are probably common to all eukaryotes. Interestingly, for plants, the only candidates qualifying as potential TTL homologs are the tubulin tyrosine ligase‐like 12 proteins. To get insight into the biological functions of these potential TTL homologs, we cloned the rice TTL‐like 12 protein (OsTTLL12) and generated overexpression OsTTLL12‐RFP lines in both rice and tobacco BY‐2 cells. We found, unexpectedly, that overexpression of this OsTTLL12‐RFP increased the relative abundance of detyrosinated α‐tubulin in both coleoptile and seminal root, correlated with more stable microtubules. This was independent of the respective orientation of cortical microtubule, and followed by correspondingly changing growth of coleoptiles and seminal roots. A perturbed organization of phragmoplast microtubules and disoriented cell walls were further characteristics of this phenotype. Thus, the elevated tubulin detyrosination in consequence of OsTTLL12 overexpression affects structural and dynamic features of microtubules, followed by changes in the axiality of cell plate deposition and, consequently, plant growth.
Electroencephalographic functional connectivity is altered in persons with Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Musaeus C. S. , Salem L. C. , Kjaer T. W. , Waldemar G.
Published: December 2020

Background

Persons with Down syndrome (DS) are at increased risk of developing Alzheimer's dementia (DS‐AD). Due to heterogeneity in the functioning in persons with DS, it is difficult to use cognitive testing to assess whether a person with DS has developed dementia due to AD. Electroencephalography (EEG) functional connectivity has shown promising results as a diagnostic tool for AD in persons without DS. In the current exploratory study, we investigated whether EEG functional connectivity could be used as a diagnostic marker of AD in persons with DS and the association with symptoms.

Methods

Electroencephalography from 12 persons with DS and 16 persons with DS‐AD were analysed, and both coherence and weighted phase lag index were calculated. In addition, we calculated the average coherence for fronto‐parietal and temporo‐parietal connections. Lastly, we investigated the correlation between the informant‐based Dementia Screening Questionnaire in Intellectual Disability (DSQIID) and total alpha coherence.

Results

Decreased alpha and increased delta coherence and weighted phase lag index were observed in DS‐AD as compared with DS. The decrease in alpha coherence was more marked in the fronto‐parietal connections as compared with the temporo‐parietal connections. No significant correlation was found between DSQIID and total alpha coherence (P value = 0.095, rho = −0.335).

Conclusion

The decreased alpha coherence and weighted phase lag index have previously been found in AD. The increased delta coherence and weighted phase lag index may indicate a different initial neurophysiological presentation as compared with patients with AD or may be a sign of more advanced disease. Larger studies are needed to confirm the current findings.
“Pingpong racket” flap model for evaluating flap survival
Authors: Wu Lijun , Gao Suyue , Tian Kai , Zhao Tianlan , Li Ke
Published: December 2020

Background

Random skin flap is widely used to repair tissue defects; however, it is often accompanied by ischemia and necrosis of the distal flap due to inferior axial vascularity. Even though different drugs, biomaterials, and stem cell therapies have been developed to improve the survival of random flap, evaluating the promotion of flap survival remains a big challenge. Based on successful clinical practice, we designed a “Pingpong racket” shape flap in the rat. Without the predetected blood vessels procedure, the “pingpong racket” flap provides a preferable option to evaluate the function of drugs and biomaterials in promoting flap survival.

Materials and methods

“Pingpong racket” dorsal flaps with different pedicle lengths were developed in the rats. The survival area was evaluated by digital photography and computer‐assisted analysis. The quantitative survival area was considered a useful indicator for analyzing drugs' applicability in improving skin flap survival.

Results

A new model with a pedicle width of 1 cm and a flap diameter of 3 cm, in which the length of the pedicle could be tuned, was established. No iliolumbar vessels passed through the pedicle. The necrosis ratio ( round ) of the flap was 29.88% in the 2 cm long pedicle, 74.69% in the 3 cm long pedicle, 95.52% in the 4 cm long pedicle, and in the 5 cm long pedicle; necrotic area could be found in both the round part and in the pedicle.

Conclusion

The new 3 cm long pedicle flap is suitable for evaluating the drugs for promoting skin flap survival. Rat dorsal “Pingpong racket” flap can be easily handled, thus avoiding blood vessels' detection. The flap could achieve comparable results to clinical and alleviate the negative influence of the flap's longitudinal contraction. Besides, it is intuitive and aesthetically pleasing.
Comparison of the effects of bilateral and unilateral laparoscopic ovarian drilling on pregnancy rates in infertile patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Turgut Gokce D. , Mulayim Baris , Karadag Ceyda , Karadag Burak , Tatar Sezin A. , Yuksel Burcu A.
Published: December 2020

Aim

This study aims to investigate the effects of unilateral and bilateral laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) on pregnancy rates in patients with clomiphene citrate (CC) resistant infertile polycystic ovary syndrome.

Methods

This prospective cohort study included 75 patients who were admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Antalya Training and Research Hospital between July 2016 and December 2017 and underwent LOD operation. Among these patients, 37 underwent unilateral laparoscopic ovarian drilling (ULOD) and 38 underwent bilateral laparoscopic ovarian drilling (BLOD). The drilling procedure was carried out using the following equation: Number of punctures (np) = 60 J/cm3/30 watt × 4 s by selecting the larger ovary in the patients who underwent ULOD and by taking the ovarian volume of each ovary in the BLOD group.

Results

During the 1‐year follow‐up, 20 of the ULOD patients (54.1%) and 13 of the BLOD patients (34.2%) were observed to be pregnant. Although a higher number of pregnancies were obtained in the ULOD group, no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups (P = 0.083). The pregnancies occurred more in the first 6 months during the postoperative follow‐ups of the patients. A total of 14 (70%) of the 20 pregnancies in the ULOD group and 9 (69.2%) of the 13 pregnancies in the BLOD group occurred in the first 6 months.

Conclusion

ULOD with respect to a larger ovarian volume should be preferred to BLOD for CC‐resistant PCOS patients because of the high pregnancy rates and fewer potential side effects.
Effect of administration of monophasic oral contraceptive on the body composition and aerobic and anaerobic capacities of female athletes
Authors: Nakamura Mariko , Nose‐Ogura Sayaka
Published: December 2020

Aim

To examine the effects of administration of monophasic oral contraceptive (OC) on the body composition and aerobic and anaerobic capacities of female athletes.

Methods

Ten female athletes (23.0 ± 4.1 years old) participated in this study. All the subjects were examined during the menstrual cycle (early follicular [EF], middle luteal [ML]) and OC cycle (inactive OC, and active OC phases). After the menstrual cycle measurements, all the subjects began taking OC. The athletes tested using a body composition, circumferences, the lactate curve test, the maximal oxygen consumption test, and the Wingate test during all phases.

Results

Waist circumference was lower during the OC cycle than menstrual cycle (P < 0.05), and the other circumferences of parts were not different during the menstrual or OC cycles. However, there were no differences in body composition before and after taking OC. The phase of the menstrual or OC cycle did not affect maximal oxygen consumption, heart rate max or power output at a blood lactate concentration of 2 and 4 mmol/L between the menstrual and OC cycle phases. Although, the peak blood lactate level after the Wingate test was higher during the OC cycle (inactive OC phase, 13.0 ± 2.4 mmol/L; active OC phase, 12.4 ± 3.0 mmol/L) than during the menstrual cycle (EF phase, 11.9 ± 2.1 mmol/L; ML phase, 11.4 ± 2.1 mmol/L;P < 0.05), the peak and average power in the Wingate test did not change during the menstrual and OC cycle phases.

Conclusion

Administration of monophasic OC did not affect the body composition or aerobic and anaerobic capacities of female athletes.
Effectiveness of 10% povidone‐iodine formulation on preoperative vaginal irrigation
Authors: Yoshida Tsukasa , Akitani Fumi , Hayashi Kuniyoshi , Shioda Kyoko
Published: December 2020

Aim

To investigate the effectiveness of 10% povidone‐iodine formulation as a vaginal irrigation agent in patients undergoing hysterectomy to prevent postoperative infection.

Methods

The prevalence of postoperative infection in 277 and 132 patients who underwent preoperative vaginal cleaning with 500 mL of distilled water and 20 mL of 10% povidone‐iodine solution, respectively, were compared in this retrospective study.

Results

Postoperative infection was observed in 15.6% of the overall patient population. The rate of postoperative infection was significantly higher in patients treated with 10% povidone‐iodine formulation than in those treated with distilled water (21.4% vs 12.8%, P = 0.040). Besides the agents of vaginal irrigation, operation time, length of hospital stay and rate of intraoperative complications affected the prevalence of postoperative infection. The multivariate analysis ranked the use of 10% povidone‐iodine formulation for vaginal irrigation as the second top factor contributing to postoperative infection (relative risk: 1.9 when compared to distilled water).

Conclusion

Preoperative vaginal irrigation with 10% povidone‐iodine formulation led to a significantly higher rate of postoperative infection than did preoperative vaginal irrigation with distilled water. For vaginal irrigation with povidone‐iodine, different concentrations and cleaning methods should be considered in the future.