bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BIOSIMILARS NEED OF THE FUTURE
Authors:   SVKMs Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy SVKM campus, V. M. Road, Vile Parle (W) Mumbai - 400056, India., Sawarkar S. , Kore A.
Published: October 2021

Biologics are the fastest growing segment of the pharmaceutical industry, offering innovative treatment for life threatening diseases. High costs make the treatment inaccessible to most patients. This, coupled with many biologics going off patent, have triggered interest in the affordable analogues of innovator termed as biosimilars. Since these are not replicas of the innovator, they pose grave challenges to the biosimilar manufacturer. Moreover, biosimilar manufacturer has to comply with stringent regulatory requirement laid down by the health authorities of respective countries to ensure safety and efficacy.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF DIRECTLY COMPRESSIBLE PIOGLITAZONE HYDROCHLORIDE TABLETS BY INCORPORATING DRUG SPHERICAL AGGLOMERATES
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutics, Ashokrao Mane College of Pharmacy, Peth-Vadagoan, Kolhapur 416112, Maharashtra, India., Sachinkumar P , Shitalkumar P , Ramteke K , Sahoo S.
Published: October 2021

Directly compressible tablets of pioglitazone hydrochloride from spherical agglomerates were effectively prepared with improved drug release and bioavailability. Agglomerates were prepared by emulsion solvent diffusion method using methanol, chloroform and water as good solvent, bridging liquid and poor solvent, respectively. Tablets from the agglomerates were prepared by mixing with directly compressible excipient, disintegrant and lubricant and compressed by rotary tablet press using 6 mm standard concave punch. Tablets have shown appropriate hardness, friability, weight and disintegration time. Also remarkable improvement in drug release for tablets prepared from agglomerates was observed as compared to that of conventional marketed tablets. Pharmacokinetic study indicated rapid absorption and higher bioavailability of drug from tablets prepared from agglomerates in comparison to marketed tablet of pioglitazone hydrochloride. Furthermore, this improvement in bioavailability pioglitazone hydrochloride may be valuable in dose reduction consequently for cost effectiveness and improved patient compliance.
Zoobenthos of the Dniester river on the territory of the Republic of Moldova for the period 2018-2021
Authors:   Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, Munjiu Oxana , Andreev Nadejda ,   Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova
Published: October 2021

The data on the influence of dams on the structural and functional parameters of the macrobenthos of the Dniester River on the territory of the Republic of Moldova are presented. A decrease in the biodiversity and number of groups most sensitive to negative environmental changes (mayflies, stoneflies and caddis flies) was noted. The results described in this article, indicate that the total number of zoobenthos species and the number of most sensitive species to negative environmental changes can serve as suitable indicators of the impact of hydropower facilities on the Dniester River
Long-term dynamics of total bacterioplankton in the Dubossary reservoir of the Republic of Moldova
Authors:   Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, Shubernetsky Igori , Negru Maria ,   Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova
Published: October 2021

The results of long-term (1982-2019) studies of the quantitative development of bacterioplankton in the flow-channel Dubossary reservoir in the Republic of Moldova and analysis of the reasons for its change are shown.
New contributions to the knowledge of honey bee (Apis Mellifera) pests
Authors:   Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, Bacal Svetlana
Published: October 2021

The paper aimed to identify the pest complex facing Apis mellifera, in autumn and winter, based on an apiary in Tomai, Leova district. In the presence of pests, 60 bee families were checked during the sanitation and feeding work of the bees, between April and May. A total of 3 species of pests have been identified, that cause damage to bees and honeycombs. Each identified species also contains information on the origin of the species, diet, range, some biological features, methods of detection and protection against these pests. Strict monitoring of pests can help to avoid negative effects on apiaries without losing bee families and their products.
New record of Collembola (Hexapoda) from the Prutul de Jos scientific reserve
Authors:   Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, Busmachiu Galina , Weiner Wanda Maria ,   Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Poland
Published: October 2021

The paper presents new data about the species diversity of the order Collembola from the Prutul de Jos Scientific Reserve. A total of 13 species of Collembola from 11 genera and 5 families were identified for the first time in the floodplain forest of the Prutul de Jos Scientific Reserve. Among the identified collembolan species one - Endonura lusatica Dunger, 1966 is new for the fauna of the Republic of Moldova.
New record of Leucorrhinia Pectoralis (Charpentier, 1825) (Insecta: Libellulidae) in the Republic of Moldova
Authors:   Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, Busmachiu Galina
Published: October 2021

The paper includes new record of rare and protected species of Odonata - Leucorrhinia pectoralis in the Republic of Moldova. The species was cited firstly in 2009 from the Cioburciu village. In June, 2021 one adult male was identified on the palustral vegetation in the Plaiul Fagului Reserve. This is the second record of this species in the Republic of Moldova.
New record of invertebrates associated with decomposed wood from the Plaiul Fagului reserve
Authors:   Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, Busmachiu Galina , Bacal Svetlana ,   Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, Minzat Cristian ,   Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, Burduja Daniela ,   Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova
Published: October 2021

The paper presents new data about the diversity of invertebrates associated with decomposed wood from the Plaiul Fagului Reserve. A total of 60 invertebrate species belonging to 45 genera, 20 families and two classes Collembola and Insecta (Coleoptera and Hymenoptera) were identified. A rare species - Carabus intricatus and C. ullrichi included in the third edition of the Red Book were highlighted. Four new species of Coleoptera are recorded for the first time for the reserve
Donaciinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) of the Republic of Moldova fauna
Authors:   Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, Calestru Livia , Belova Victoria ,   Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova
Published: October 2021

The Donaciinae of the Republic of Moldova (including Transnistria) fauna are reviewed based on collected material, museum collections and available literature data. In total, 14 species of Donaciinae are known from Republic of Moldova.
Importance of Exorista Larvarum (Linnaeus, 1758) (Diptera: Tachinidae) species in the biological regulation of Lepidoptera species
Authors:   Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, Cebotari Cristina
Published: October 2021

Exorista larvarum is a dipteran polyphagous larval endoparasitoid particularly known as antagonist of Lepidoptera. Exorista larvarum is a good biocontrol candidate against forest lepidopterous defoliators. This parasitoid has positive features, among which, it can be efficiently reared in vivo and in vitro. In the laboratory, box tree moth larvae were accepted by E. larvarum females. A lower number of eggs were laid on C. perspectalis than on G. mellonella, but the difference between the two moth species was not significant, although a quite long 3 hours exposure time was necessary for oviposition. We can speculate that, although not the preferred host, C. perspectalis may be accepted by E. larvarum also in nature. The overall results suggest that the mortality of C. perspectalis and G. mellonella larvae due to the partial development of E. larvarum may be useful to regulate the populations of this invasive pest in a context of conservative biological control.
The helminth fauna of Pontic shad (Alosa Immacculata Bennet, 1835) from lower Dniester
Authors:   Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, Gologan Ion
Published: October 2021

In this study 60 specimens of Pontic were caught from lower Dniester, Stefan Voda district, Olănesti. As a result of the parasitological study of Pontic shad, three species of helminths were detected: Pronoprymna ventricosa (Rudolphi, 1819) Poche, 1926, Lecithasther confusus Odhner, 1905), Hysterothylacium aduncum (Rudolphi, 1802). The degree of infestation with these species was different. The most abundant species was Hysterothylacium aduncum with an extensivity of invasion of 85% and intensivity of invasion 1 – 80 parasites per fish, followed by Pronoprymna ventricosa (EI-20%, II-2-18 ex.) and Lecythaster confusus (EI-7,8%, II-1-12 ex.).
Investigations on invasive nematodes associated with complex insect pests from soil in corn in the environmental conditions of the Republic of Moldova
Authors:   Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, Iurcu-Straistaru Elena , Sasanelli Nicola ,   Institute for Plant Protection, Italy, Toderas Ion ,   Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, Bivol Alexei ,   Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, Maticiuc Vasile ,   Phytotechnical Institute ”Porumbeni”, Republic of Moldova, Rusu Stefan ,   Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, Andoni Cristina ,   Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova
Published: October 2021

Corn is one of the major technical field crops in the Republic of Moldova, advantageous in bioecological and productive aspects, which is invaded annually by the harmful organisms with considerable parasitic impact. The phytosanitary control results, carried out annually and seasonally, comparatively in the corn plantations, notice a significant diversity of the specific diseases and of the invasive insects that seriously affect the plants from the germination phases until the harvest. In corn, were established the numerical density values (D. n.), comparative in different ecological areas, on average 15-280 (ex. /100 g soil), with an abundance by 5-25% higher in the autumn than in the spring. Phytoparasitic impact indices the frequency (F %) and intensity (I %) of the phytohelminthological disease level was estimated, being more advanced by 3-30% in the spring-summer period, observed differently depending on the area compared to the autumn period. The structure of parasitic phytonematode complexes was determined counting 20 species, included in 8 families and one order (Tylenchida), classified according to trophic specialization, with the predominance of endo-ectoparasites. It was established the diversity of the associated invasive insect species from the soil: 12 species, 8 families, 3 orders, also, with invasive ectoparasitic impact on corn plants, with the disease degree of 5-40%, detected in all phases of vegetation and sectors investigated.
Nematodofauna of potato tubers in the Republic of Moldova
Authors:   Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, Melnic Maria
Published: October 2021

According to the multiannual researches, it was observed that, in the conditions of the Republic of Moldova, the Nematodofauna of potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum) of different varieties, collected from deposits, is specific, with the dominance of saprophytes due to the spread of bacteriosis and fungal infections. In the potato tubers, sick with dithylenchosis (phases 4, 5), the presence of 30 spec8es of nematoodes was identified, belonging to 24 genera, 14 families, 5 orders, 2 classes: 1. Class Secernentea, Orders Aphelenchida, Rhabditida and Tylenchida; 2. Class Adenophorea, Orders Dorylaimida and Plectida. Most species (19 species) are saprophytes of the Class Secernentea, Order Rhabditida with the dominance of the Superfamilies Cephaloboidea and Diplogasteroidea. According to the trophic-ecological group, the species detected in the potatoes tubers are included in all 5 groups: plant feeding, hiphal feeding, bacterial feeding, animal predation, omnivorous. In all researched varieties, both in frequency (100%) and density (thousands of individuals/gram of infested tissue) distinguished species Ditylenchus destructor Thorne 1945, Order Tylenchida, Family Anguinidae, which is also the main parasite in the culture of Solanum tuberosum in the Republic of Moldova, capable of causing dithylenhosis, as well as epiphytotics – mass infestation of potatoes in deposits
Seasonal dynamics of Phlebotomus Papatasi (Scopoli, 1786) (Diptera: Psychodidae) population in southern Republic of Moldova
Authors:   Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, Sulesco Tatiana
Published: October 2021

Phlebotomine sand flies are vectors of several infectious pathogens, including parasitic protozoans of the genus Leishmania and phleboviruses. Increasing sand fly biting nuisance reported by residents from southern Republic of Moldova since 2011 initiated this study. Ceadir-Lunga, a semi-urban locality in southern Republic of Moldova was selected for seasonal sand fly collections outdoors and indoors in 2015 and 2017 using CDC light traps and manual aspirators. Continuous trapping showed markedly longer activity of P. papatasi indoors. Specimens were collected from first aspirations in the second half of June until last collections in mid-September, suggesting that the actual indoor activity of P. papatasi may have been longer. Low numbers of trapped specimens do not allow make accurate conclusions regarding the seasonal dynamics.
Ecological-evolutionary ethology of the amphibians: conceptual synthesis of research results at regional and European level
Authors:   State University of Tiraspol, Republic of Moldova, Cozari Tudor
Published: October 2021

Following long-term investigations of over 50 amphibian populations in the Republic of Moldova and Italy, the ecological and evolutionary peculiarities of reproductive behavior in some species of the orders Caudata and Anura were elucidated. For the first time, at the autecological and synecological level, the evaluation of amphibian nuptial systems - parental input, reproductive success, “r” and “K” reproductive strategies and their role in the evolution of sexual selection and the realization of the reproduction potential as a fundamental mechanism for the survival of amphibian populations in various environmental conditions was emphasized.
The evolution of Castorids (Mammalia, Rodentia) in the Republic of Moldova
Authors:   Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, Pascari Viorica
Published: October 2021

Beavers first appear in Asia, where fossil remains date back to the Eocene (33-36 million years ago). The most widespread Pleistocene giant beaver fossils were Siberian beavers – Trogontherium cuvieri and the North American beaver – Castoroides ohioensis. According to recent research, the oldest beavers in the Republic of Moldova are known from the deposits of Sarmatian (11.5 million years) – Steneofiber aff. depereti Mayeri, Chalicomys jaegeri (Kaup), Palaeomys castoroides Kaup, Trogontherium minutum minutum Franzet et Storch., T. minutum rhenanum Franzet et Storch. and Monosaulax cainarensis Lungu. In the Meotian (8.7-5.0 million years) only two species were recorded – Trogontherium minutum rhenanum Franzet et Storch. and Castor aff. praefiber Deperet. et Lungu.
Using in silico RFLP method for the study of MC1R gene alleles in the species Sus Scrofa
Authors:   Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, Sitnic Victor
Published: October 2021

Abstract. In the present study we aimed to use a bioinformatics algorithm that predict RFLP fragmentation of swine MC1R alleles simulating the sequence digestion with over 700 restriction enzymes. The results show several restriction enzymes that have the potential to be used for genotyping of Sus scrofa individuals and for differentiation between hybrids and pure line wild boars (WB)/domestic pigs (DP). Genotyping studies of wild boars and domestic pigs in Moldova populations would allow the determination of introgression/backcrossing degree and would contribute to the elaboration of adequate conservation measures
Presentación
Authors: Valencia Escobar Andrés
Published: October 2021

La Asociación Colombiana Red Académica de Diseño se presenta hoy en Colombia como un actor social pertinente y coherente con las necesidades de conexión interinstitucional e intersectorial que tienen la Disciplina del diseño y el País. Como único espacio de agremiación de los programas de formación profesional, técnica y tecnológica en diseño en Colombia, la RAD busca articular los esfuerzos que desde cada programa académico se desarrollan, con una visión construida de manera conjunta que se enfoca en el fortalecimiento del gremio académico y profesional del diseño en Colombia.
Vidas preservadas
Authors: Costa Anna Gabriela Pinto da
Published: October 2021

Este artigo apresenta a atuação do Ministério Público do Esta­do do Ceará na prevenção do suicídio, por meio do Projeto “Vidas Preservadas”, cujo objetivo é a sensibilização e conscientização da sociedade e dos gestores municipais da importância do tema. De­monstra que, por intermédio dos crescentes índices de suicídio no Brasil e no Mundo, o suicídio é considerado uma questão de saúde pública, exigindo-se uma atuação intersetorial capacitada e bem informada para garantir sua prevenção. Conclui-se que o Ministério Público, como instituição de defesa da ordem pública e de efetivação de direitos fundamentais tem papel fundamental na no diálogo, e fomento do debate sobre a prevenção do suicídio.
Cuestiones fundamentales del “criminal compliance” en cuanto a la responsabilidad e imputación penal de las personas jurídicas
Authors: Rodrigo Fernando M.
Published: October 2021

Cada vez con mayor frecuencia el Derecho penal se ocupa de la actividad de los ciudadanos dirigida a la utilización de la riqueza. Las respuestas adecuadas frente a los delitos en el ámbito empresario deben ponderar particularidades del factor criminógeno de las personas jurídicas, potenciado por la pertenencia a un grupo, la mayor lesividad, el acceso a más medios y más sofisticados, asesoramiento de expertos y la dificultad para la individualización del responsable en función de las limitaciones para identificar a la persona física cuya decisión y cuya acción se plasmó en el ilícito. Además, desde una perspectiva pública se configura una creciente preocupación del Estado por el diseño de una política criminal que pueda dar respuesta a la creciente criminalidad empresarial que recurre a la estructura corporativa como herramienta para la comisión de delitos; la empresa aparece en este esquema del sistema penal como un nuevo sujeto de imputación de responsabilidad. Como consecuencia de esta coyuntura, debe tenerse presente que el auge de los programas de cumplimiento junto con la puesta en marcha de sistemas de compliance suele enmarcarse dentro de una concepción ética de la actividad empresarial, lo cual no debe confundirse con el marco taxativo y subsidiario que caracteriza al Derecho penal, y analizar el rendimiento de los programas de criminal compliance y su utilidad para condenar, exonerar o atenuar la responsabilidad penal de las empresas y de las personas que las dirigen.
Assessment of the biogas potential from agricultural waste in northern Thailand
Authors: Jiraporn Kaewdiew  , Rameshprabu Ramaraj  , Sirichai Koonaphapdeelert  , Natthawud Dussadee
Published: October 2021

In 2014-2015, there was approximately 26,823.44 x106 kg of the residue leftover from agricultural products in Northern Thailand and roughly 18,943.57x106 kg or 70.62% were left unutilized. The aim of this research was to survey and calculate the proportion of agricultural area and products as well as their corresponding waste towards potential of biogas production using biochemical methane potential (BMP) method. The results showed that rice straw was the most promising feedstock for methane production with the highest biogas yield of 363 mlN /gVSadded followed by sugarcane leaves and corn cob having 333 and 318 mlN/gVSadded, respectively. Additionally, the predicted areas for growing rice and corn decreased. Meanwhile areas for growing cassava, sugarcane and oil palm increase slightly. This study also found out that the unused agricultural waste generation was decreased due to improved waste utilization.
Development of a novel sequential pretreatment strategy for the production of bioethanol from coconut pulp residue
Authors: Alissandra Pauline B. Mariano  , Yuwalee Unpaprom  , Rameshprabu Ramaraj
Published: October 2021

Coconut pulp residues waste generated after extraction of milk or oil. These wastes end up as feed to animals, fertilizers and firewood/cooking fuel whilst large quantities often left to rot in the field, which causes cause pollution, waste disposal problems and increase handling cost for farmers. In order to alleviate this problem, coconut pulp residue was used as feedstock for bioethanol production. However, improvements on pretreatment are necessary to produce higher sugar concentration prior to fermentation. Bioethanol production from coconut pure pulp residue (PPR) and combined pulp residue (CPRS) was investigated. The results showing 40 minutes’ pre-hydrothermal treatment time and 2% mild sulphuric acid for PPR and 20 minutes’ hydrothermal treatment time and 2% mild sulphuric acid for CPRS.
Smart and green university campus
Authors: Nobutaka Ito
Published: October 2021

Many devices connected to the internet are able to generate valuable data that can help create technologically connected smart and green university campuses. These campuses can electronically monitor activities, including student attendance, security operations, campus lighting, and classroom usage that administrators, staff, and faculty members can use to make better decisions about how to operate more efficiently, effectively, and safely. University campuses have a responsibility not only to provide a quality education for students but also to provide a safe place to learn and operate with an appropriate allocation of resources applying with smart system with reasonable approaches.
Surfactant (UMP) for emulsification and stabilization of water-in-crude oil emulsions (W/O)
Authors: N. H. Abdurahman  , H. A. Magdib
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this research is to look into the formulation and evaluation of concentrated water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions stabilized by UMP NS-19-02 surfactant and their application for crude oil emulsion stabilization using gummy Malaysian crude oil. A two-petroleum oil from Malaysia oil refinery, i.e., Tapis petroleum oil and Tapis- Mesilla blend, were utilized to make water-in-oil emulsions. The various factors influencing emulsion characteristics and stability were evaluated. It was discovered that the stability of the water-in-oil emulsion improved by UMP NS-19-02 improved as the surfactant content rises, resulting in the decline of the crude oil-water interfacial tension (IFT). Nevertheless, the most optimum formulation of W/O emulsion was a 50:50 W/O ratio with 1.0% surfactant. Additionally, raising the oil content, salt concentration, duration and mixing speed, and pH of the emulsion resulted in higher emulsion stability. It also raised the temperature of the initial mixing, which significantly decreased the formulated emulsions' viscosity. The results showed that stable emulsions could be formed using the UMP NS-19-02 surfactant.
Decomposition of gas phase benzene under different conditions in atmospheric strong ionization non–thermal plasma
Authors: Prince Junior Asilevi  , Chengwu Yi  , Jue Li  , Huijuan Wang  , Muhammad Imran Nawaz
Published: October 2021

Atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from industry and automobiles are posing a serious threat to the environment and human health, and hence efficient control methods are indispensable. This paper presents a laboratory-scale study on the decomposition mechanism for benzene using strong ionization dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) at atmospheric pressure. The specific input energy (SIE), current density, and concentration were studied. The results show that the removal efficiency of benzene increased from 12% to 69% with the increase of SIE from 0.5 to 3.8 kJ/L. The decline in current density by 66.48% and 43.7% for an initial benzene concentration of 300 ppm, was due to increased oxygen content (from 2.4% to 20.9%) and relative humidity (from 18.9% to 90%), respectively, thus electron concentration and consequentially enhancing the removal efficiency over 93%. Further, the beta parameter of the VOC decomposition law decreased from 3.1 kJ/L at 300 ppm to 1.6 kJ/L at 100 ppm. This shows that •O and •OH radicals are key species for the decomposition of benzene and electron dissociation reactions principally control the process. The highest ozone concentration was detected at 5.5 mg/L when no benzene is present, while the main NOx species (NO and NO2) increased with increasing SIE. The Maxwell–Boltzmann electron energy distribution function was solved using the strong ionization discharge reactor (~10 eV), showing that approximately 84.8 % of high-energy electrons possess enough energy to cause the benzene ring cleavage and free radical production. Finally, GCMS and FTIR test results suggested that the byproducts mainly consisted of phenol and substitutions of phenol. The study results show that the strong ionization DBD reactor efficiently removes benzene from polluted air.
Treatment of Chromium in Wastewater by using Loquat Leaves as Biosorbent
Authors: Ching-Hua Liao  , Jer-Yuan Shiu  , Chi-En Hung  , Chih-Hung Wu  , Ming-Zhong Liu
Published: October 2021

Heavy metal pollution generating from industries is a serious issue in China as it causes severe environmental pollution and health problems. Chromium is one of the common heavy metal appeared in wastewater of metal plating and processing industries and has to reduce its concentration to permissible levels before discharge by law. This study focused on removing chromium ion present in wastewater by using bioresource material loquat leaves as an adsorbent. The extent of adsorption of chromium ion was studied and found to be dependent on solution contact time with the adsorbent, particle size and dosage of the loquat leaves and chromium concentration. The result showed that the loquat leaves have a 70% efficiency in removing chromium ions. The experimental equilibrium biosorption data were analyzed by two widely used isotherms namely Langmuir, and Freundlich. The Langmuir isotherm model better fits the experimental data than the Freundlich isotherm model by high correlation coefficients R2. The maximum monolayer capacity of loquat leaves was found to be 0.0201 mg/g for Chromium ions.
A comparative study on the insecticidal property of Bambusa vulgaris and Bambusa malingensis shoot and leaf extract against green leafhopper (Nephotettix virescens)
Authors: Romel Leo B. Alojado  , Glennise Faye C. Mejica  , Rj Junsay  , Francis Ann Siosan  , Nolan C. Tolosa
Published: October 2021

Rice is considered one of the staple foods in Southeast Asian countries, most especially in the Philippines. There are many factors needed to be considered in growing rice crops: the soil nutrient, the climate, the water supply, and the fertilizer used as a supplement to crop growth. But one important thing that farmers should consider is the infestation of pests, specifically the green leafhoppers, which is the primary carrier of tungro virus. This virus affects the growth and development of rice crops. This study aims to investigate the insecticidal effect of Bambusa vulgaris and Bambusa malingensis shoot and leaves extract against green leafhoppers (Nephotettix virescens). The extract was obtained by the decoction method. Phytochemical analysis of the two bamboo species has been carried out, as it was found out that both of them contains alkaloids, flavonoids, and glycosides. The results showed that both the shoot and leaves extract of Bambusa vulgaris and the shoot extract of Bambusa malingensis have potential insecticidal activity against Nephotettix virescens. Further research is needed to identify other factors that could strengthen the effectiveness of applying the extract to the insect specimen.
The Utilisation of Duolingo to Enhance the Speaking Proficiency of EFL Secondary School Students in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alfuhaid Sultan R
Published: October 2021

Even though Saudi EFL students devote multiple years to improving their English-speaking proficiency, they struggle to achieve fluency. The present study, however, focuses on investigating the effectiveness of using Duolingo in EFL classrooms to enhance the participants’ speaking proficiency. The participants who underwent this study were 28 male Saudi students studying in secondary school, namely at Sharia Institute. They were divided into control and experimental groups. Data was collected via post-test to conduct a valid comparison between the two groups. The 14 students in the experimental group had been using Duolingo for a period of four consecutive months while the participants in the control group have never used Duolingo. To make a valid comparison of the mean score between the two groups, an independent samples t-test was used in this experiment. After analysing the results, it has been concluded that the integration of Duolingo in the learning process has a fundamental positive impact on enhancing participants’ speaking proficiency as well as improving their overall language skills. Additionally, the participants’ positive attitude towards Duolingo was an intrinsic factor that helped alleviate their anxiety when speaking.

 
Sources of contemporary volunteering in Poland. Influence of the voluntary work experiences of the past eras on the condition of today’s volunteering
Authors: Brenk Mikołaj
Published: October 2021

The article describes the main sources of contemporary volunteering, i.e. the historical and social context of changes in the perception of voluntary work in the past hundred years. The year 1918 was established as the starting point, i.e. the beginning of the creation of a system of social assistance (welfare) in Poland within the resurgence of the state, the volunteers of which (then called volunteers) were a significant and distinctive element. Moreover, at the same time (1920) the foundations of modern international volunteering were laid, the father of which is commonly referred to as the Swiss pacifist Pierre Cérésole. Subsequent turning points are marked by the times of the People’s Republic of Poland (1944–1989), when all social activities acquired an unequivocally ideological meaning and undertaking such work was associated with expressing support for the ruling system and its political authorities. On the other hand, the times of the Third Polish Republic that began with social changes in 1989, brought the necessity to create the structures of Polish volunteering almost from the very beginnings.
Who are the young school volunteers? Generation Z – in the face of school volunteering
Authors: Stepaniuk Joanna
Published: October 2021

The article presents a short description of the generation Z in terms of values, expectations, attitudes, character traits and motivation to volunteering work. The analysis of the literature on the subject, research results and the author’s experience in the organization of school volunteering in a group of young people representing generation Z, allowed to answer questions on how to organize volunteering among young people from generation Z. In the final part of the article the author, on the basis of her own experience as a volunteering coordinator, describes the figure of young school volunteer.
Time for a U.S.–Brazil Tax Treaty
Authors: Schoueri Luis , Haddad Gustavo
Published: October 2021

The U.S. is the most relevant trade partner with whom Brazil does not have a tax treaty. Previous attempts to conclude it were not successful, with the main alleged reason being Brazil’s insistence on tax sparing. With the change in time and developments in treaty policy and in the domestic tax regimes of the countries, tax sparing should no longer be an obstacle. After discussing the potential benefits of a treaty for both countries and their respective taxpayers, this Article addresses the technical issues that may arise during negotiations resulting from differences of tax treaty practice and demonstrate that none of them seem significant enough to be a “deal breaker,” with the most relevant currently being sourcing rules on technical services. Should the governments of both countries, which in recent months have given signs of political synchrony unseen in the past decades, decide to pursue the conclusion of a tax treaty, the technical conditions are more than ever present.
Taxing Cross-Border Services
Authors: Moreno Andrés
Published: October 2021

Many developing countries have been trying to expand in the last decades their taxing powers on cross-border services rendered by non-residents beyond the rigid framework of the current international tax regime. However, this expansion has been carried on unilaterally and sometimes in an unplanned manner. This contribution describes the Brazilian and Argentinian experiences and tries to extract some policy lessons therefrom.
Applications and Limitations of Suction Assisted Transverse Medial Thigh Lift
Authors: Daraz Khan Umar
Published: October 2021

Aims and objectives: Skin laxity or excess can be a part of ageing process and weight loss. Skin laxity or excess is commonly experienced following weight loss around arms, thighs, face and neck, breast and abdomen. Various methods and techniques are described to address these excess skin issues. Liposuction assisted abdominoplasty has been described by Saldanha along with Colour Doppler studies of the superior and inferior epigastric arteries. Similarly DJ Hurwitz has described liposuction assisted brachioplasty. The process allows honeycombing of the subcutaneous tissue when suction lipectomy is performed using blunt tipped cannulas. Process allows creation of a safe plane superior to the deep fascial layer with preservation of the important nerves and vessels. Skin excess is removed without the need of sharp dissection or risks to the underlying structures. Postoperative bleeding and bruising is minimal and most of the instances the procedure is performed as a day case without drains. Patient postoperative analgesia requirements are minimal and allows patient to ambulate early with a quick recovery. Methods: Between 2009 and 2018, 153 suction assisted procedure were performed on various parts of the body. Of the 153 procedures 22 patients had thigh lifts as an outpatient. Results: There was no skin loss, DVT, PE or motor nerve damage. All patients retained sensation of the distal limbs.
Agroecological Approach to Farming for Sustainable Development: The Indian Scenario
Authors: Singh Bisht Ishwari , Chand Rana Jai , Jones Sarah , Estrada-Carmona Natalia , Yadav Rashmi
Published: October 2021

Agroecology is the application of ecological principles to agricultural systems and practices and the application of social justice principles to whole food systems. Agroecological farming, an unfamiliar concept to those who treat agriculture and ecology as separate subjects, refers to farming for producing food, employment and economic benefits in addition to cultural, social and environmental services and benefits. Additionally, agroecology empowers farming communities, as the key agents of change, and addresses the root cause of problems of unsustainable agricultural systems in an integrated way and provides holistic and long-term solutions to transform the food and agricultural systems. As agroecology is at the forefront of transforming farming and food system sustainability, the present chapter specifically explores the state of Indian traditional farming agroecosystems, evidence collected under the ongoing Indian UNEP-GEF project “Mainstreaming agricultural biodiversity conservation and utilization in agricultural sector to ensure ecosystem services and reduce vulnerability”. We discuss traditional Indian farming in view of FAO’s 10 principles of Agroecology which is key to help policymakers, practitioners and stakeholders, in planning, managing and evaluating agroecological transitions.
Pulsed Radiofrequency of the Occipital Nerves: Results of a Standardized Protocol on Chronic Headache Management
Authors: Batistaki Chrysanthi , Madi Alia Ibrahim , Karakosta Agathi , Kostopanagiotou Georgia , Arvaniti Chrysa
Published: October 2021

Background: Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) of the occipital nerves has neuromodulative properties and is used for chronic pain management. However, its role in various types of chronic headaches has not been adequately investigated so far. Objectives: Τhis was an observational, open-label, prospective study aiming to assess the efficacy of PRF of occipital nerves on various types of chronic headache management. Methods: Patients with chronic headaches followed up at the pain management unit were scheduled for PRF of both occipital nerves after a positive diagnostic nerve block. PRF was applied following a standardized protocol at 42°C, and the number of headaches per month was assessed as a primary outcome at baseline (before treatment), as well as after 1, 3, and 6 months. Pain intensity during headache crises was recorded using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS, 0 - 10), Results: Fifty-seven patients suffering from chronic migraines, cluster headaches, tension-type headaches, and occipital neuralgia were studied. PRF significantly improved the number of headache episodes per month, as well as the pain intensity of the crises. The median number of headache episodes per month was significantly reduced in patients with migraine, from 14.5 to 4 after 1 month, and to 6.5 after 6 months. The same was seen for patients with clusters, who were also improved. A statistically significant reduction in NRS values over time was seen for all types of headaches. Conclusions: PRF of the occipital nerves can lead to a reduction of the number of headache episodes per month, improving the intensity of pain during each episode.
A Fundamentação Kantiana do Estado de Direito
Authors: Barbieri Durão Aylton ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2021

Kant intends to present a Foundation of the state of right based on the reconstruction of Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s thought. Like the Genevanese philosopher who presents an empirical explanation based on the evolutionary anthropology, and a rational Foundation, based on the political and juridical philosophy, Kant also imagines two ways to fundament the state of right. In his empirical explanation, along with the anthropology, he introduces the history philosophy, which considers that the unsociable sociability makes the humankind leave its state of nature and establish, by means of an usurper, the civil state, in which it gradually approaches the republican constitution and, later, the States Federation and the cosmopolitan right; the rational Foundation, on the other hand, shows how the original contract indirectly determines the Foundation of the civil state, to the extent that only through it is it possible to establish the presumption of the right to the private property that will just turn effective in the civil state itself, although the public right directly postulates the state fundament, which is obtained analytically from the principle of the right in opposition to the concept of violence.
A Crítica de Hume a Espinosa a Propósito da Noção de Substância
Authors: Ribeiro Ferreira Maria Luísa ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2021

Ce texte veut démontrer que la critique faite par Hume à Spinoza, dans le Traité de la Nature Humaine (I, IV, V) ne respecte pas le concept de Substance utilisé par le philosophe juif. Hume n’a pas lu l'Éthique et il utilise Pierre Bayle comme médiateur pour exposer les thèses de Spinoza, qu’il approche des thèses des théologiens sur l'immortalité de l’âme. Son argumentation est rhétorique et son utilisation de Spinoza est une stratégie pour empêcher qu’on l'accuse d’athéisme.
A contribution to the knowledge of the genus Psallus (Heteroptera: miridae) in Serbia
Authors: Protić Ljiljana , Stojanović Aleksandar
Published: October 2021

Identification and revision of specimens from genus Psallus in the Study Collection of Heteroptera at the Natural History Museum in Belgrade revealed presence of 14 species, including five new species for Serbia: Ps. henschi, Ps. anaemicus, Ps. lentigo, Ps. lucanicus and Ps. pardalis.
Parent-child club as an effective form of work on the formation of communication skills of children with moderate mental retardation
Authors: Zorina Elena , Proglâdova Galina
Published: October 2021

The article presents the authors ' view on the formation of communication skills in children with mental retardation in the parent-child club. The main purpose of the article is to identify the most effective methods of working with children with moderate mental retardation on the formation of communication skills. In conclusion, conclusions are made about the effectiveness of children's classes in the parent-child club.
Features of the social situation of first-grader development in the context of humanistic education
Authors: Breškovskaja Karine , Dekina Elena
Published: October 2021

The article presents a scientific analysis of the problems of the social situation of the development of students in the context of the humanistic education paradigm, characterizes the features of the social situation of the development of a first grader in the context of humanistic education. During the study, the authors carried out a theoretical analysis of the literature on the research problem, which allowed to identify: age and psychological characteristics of the social situation of the development of a first grader; the main directions of diagnosing the features of the social situation of the development of first-grade students. The results obtained contribute to the creation of an effective social situation for the development of a first-grader within the framework of the organization of the educational process in the humanistic education paradigm.
Conditions for successful realization of choir teaching at younger school age
Authors: Ilić Miona
Published: October 2021

With its significance and benefits that it provides while children growing up, choral music deserves great attention. With this paper, we wanted to point out the elements that make the methodical approach in working with the choir of the younger grades of primary school unique. In order to provide conditions for the realization of choir teaching at a younger school age, the paper discusses the role of the conductor and presents the way of planning work with this type of choir, which includes the selection of compositions for work, as well as the choice of singers. This review article provides an insight into the methodical procedure used for learning new songs, and within which the relevant literature does not skip certain elements in working with the choir, such as proper breathing, warming up, preparation for public performance, and finally the public performance as the final goal towards which every work with the choir should be directed.
Ávila (1848-1900)
Authors: Bernaldo de Quirós Mateo José Antonio
Published: October 2021

Son escasas las fuentes a las que hemos podido recurrir para obtener información sobre la actividad teatral abulense durante este período. En primer lugar, la documentación de archivo encontrada en el Archivo Histórico Nacional  y en el Archivo Histórico Provincial de Ávila aporta datos insuficientes. En segundo lugar, la prensa madrileña que hemos consultado (la reseñada en Veinticuatro diarios, 1972-1975) se refiere a Ávila de forma esporádica. Por último, la prensa abulense es lamentablemente escasa. Se han documentado unas cincuenta publica-ciones abulenses existentes en este periodo, pero de muy pocas se conserva una colección suficientemente amplia como para obtener datos dignos de consideración (Maximiliano Femández, 1998)
Influência da relação família-escola na indisciplina
Authors: Neres Júlio Cesar Ibiapina , Maciel Flávia Carolina Azevedo , Vasconcelos Larissa Leonilda Pereira Melo , Coelho Thiago Ibiapina , Carvalho Aluísio Vasconcelos
Published: October 2021

A indisciplina está associada ao convívio do indivíduo ao ambiente em que está inserido, que acaba refletindo no espaço escolar, dificultando o trabalho do professor e o andamento das aulas, prejudicando a relação professor-aluno. Por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, é possível um aprofundamento no tema abordado e uma discussão sobre o papel da família e da escola nos desafios da indisciplina, com o intuito de analisar os benefícios da relação família-escola na educação da criança. Pretendendo-se trazer uma discussão clara sobre o tema abordado, pois, sabe-se que a indisciplina é um tema pouco discutido no âmbito acadêmico, mas na sociedade esse problema é visível e muitas vezes não controlado, dessa maneira pode-se dizer que o trabalho foi de grande relevância, possibilitando refletir na busca de uma educação com parceria familiar no enfrentamento de problemas causados pela indisciplina.
A importância da gestão escolar em projetos de ensino: a busca por mudanças em paradigmas socioambientais
Authors: Pinto Jailson Mauricio , Damaceno Ivani Vieira , Lima Douglas Vicente do Carmo
Published: October 2021

Gestão e Educação Ambiental. Surge a necessidade de trabalhar nas escolas para além das salas de aula. Devem-se buscar mudanças de paradigmas socioambientais e socioculturais. Educação Ambiental deve ser trabalhada e discutida, apresentando de forma prática aos estudantes. Buscando resolver pequenas situações-problemas locais, mas, sem esquecer que também podem colaborar para amenizar problemas mais abrangentes. É defendida na Lei 9.795/99. Tendo o enfoque a valorização da vida humana e da biodiversidade. É através da educação ambiental que se podem conscientizar os estudantes da atual situação em que se encontra o planeta, sabendo que a espécie 'Sapiens' que é a grande responsável por esta situação, onde está ficando impossível a existência de muitas espécies. Por isso é primordial conscientizar e sensibilizar a comunidade escolar para os avanços escolares sem perder o foco numa Educação transformadora que leve todos a se posicionarem e a buscar melhorias nos campos socioculturais, socioambientais e socioeconômicos de forma sustentável. E que novas atitudes necessitam ser tomadas antes que o pior aconteça. Esta temática é universal todos devem reconhecer que podem ajudar de alguma forma. O estudo da educação ambiental não pode ser algo engessado como tem sido, mas de uma forma prática e objetiva. O presente artigo busca responder qual é a importância da gestão escolar nos projetos de ensino para mudanças de paradigmas socioambientais.
Inclusão de crianças com necessidades especiais na escola regular
Authors: Bersan Ricardo Resende , Cloux Raphael Fontes
Published: October 2021

Este estudo teve como objetivo promover uma abordagem reflexiva sobre a questão da criança portadora de necessidades especiais e seus desafios de inclusão na escola regular, de forma a contribuir a um melhor entendimento da questão e das dificuldades da criança em obter um ensino de qualidade e equidade. No mundo contemporâneo, o número de crianças portadoras de necessidades especiais em busca de uma oportunidade junto às escolas regulares é cada vez mais crescente, o que nos motiva a desenvolver um diálogo sobre os desafios que rondam em torno do processo de inclusão. Para tanto, desenvolveu-se uma investigação com base em fundamentação teórica mediante pesquisa exploratória em fontes secundárias: livros, artigos, documentos, jornais, revistas e sites específicos, conforme Gil (2008).  Conclui-se que a educação regular é o mais indicado para o desenvolvimento da criança e não é diferente com o caso das crianças com necessidades especiais. O convivo com as demais crianças e o ambiente da escola no dia-a-dia é muito necessário e ainda muito precário, tanto no aspecto estrutural das escolas como na formação e treinamento do corpo docente. Portanto, falta estrutura e conscientização.