bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WORKSHOP MASSAGE BAGI PESERTA PPG PENJAS FAKULTAS ILMU OLAHRAGA UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA
Authors: Samsudin Samsudin , Wiradihardja Sudradjat
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT: Massage Workshop for PPG Participants in the Faculty of Sports Science of Jakarta State University. The purpose of community service is: (1) Programming the importance of massage socialization for PPG participants Pengas in improving knowledge, skill and skill. (2) Improve quality for PPG participants. PASS in knowledge, skills and skills. (3) Can apply knowledge, skills and massage skills to the community. A strategic objective in achieving the objectives of the activity is the students of Teacher Professional Education (PPG) FIK Universitas Negeri Jakarta. Methods in the implementation of P2M activities include: (1) Methods of lecturing and delivery of papers: mainly concerning the delivery of theoretical material. (2) Demonstrations: Provide examples and build PPG Checkers to practice various materials. (3) Discussion: Member! opportunity for participants to ask and draft training process. The conclusion of this activity is (1) PPG Student PENJAS FIK UNJ gain knowledge, skill and skill. (2) PPG Students PENJAS FIK UNJ can apply knowledge, skills and massage skills to the community. (3) Student PPG PENJAS FIK UNJ very enthusiastic follow massage training. (4) PPG Students PENJAS FIK UNJ has a new space for additional income through massage services.

 

ABSTRAK: Workshop Massage Bagi Peserta PPG Penjas Fakultas ilmu olahraga Universitas Negeri Jakarta. Tujuan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini adalah: (1) Memprogramkan pentingnya sosialisasi massage bagi peserta PPG Penjas dalam peningkatan pengetahuan, kemampuan dan keterampilan. (2) Meningkatkan kualitas bagi peserta PPG Penjas dalam pengetahuan, kemampuan dan keterampilan. (3) Dapat mengaplikasikan pengetahuan, kemampuan dan keterampilan massage kepada masyarakat. Sasaran yang strategis dalam upaya mencapai tujuan kegiatan adalah mahasiswa Pendidikan Profesi Guru (PPG) FIK Universitas Negeri Jakarta. Metode dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan P2M meliputi: (1) Metode ceramah dan penyampaian makalah: terutama menyangkut penyampaian materi yang sifatnya teoretik. (2) Demonstrasi: Memberikan contoh dan membina peserta PPG Penjas untuk mempraktekkan berbagai macam materi. (3) Diskusi: Member! kesempatan bagi peserta untuk bertanya dam proses pelatihan. Kesimpulan dari kegiatan ini adalah (1) Mahasiswa PPG PENJAS FIK UNJ bertambah pengetahuan, kemampuan dan keterampilan. (2) Mahasiswa PPG PENJAS FIK UNJ dapat mengaplikasikan pengetahuan, kemampuan dan keterampilan massage kepada masyarakat. (3) Mahasiswa PPG PENJAS FIK UNJ sangat antusias mengikuti pelatihan massage. (4) Mahasiswa PPG PENJAS FIK UNJ memiliki ruang baru untuk penghasilan tambahan melalui jasa massage.
What to Do if HSE Performance Flattens Out? Resuming Your Drive to Zero
Authors: Arendt Steve , Suarez O.
Published: April 2018

Most companies have a continuous improvement expectation in their HSE mission and values. Many companies measure HSE performance with lagging and leading metrics. Some companies are pursuing Operational Excellence. And some companies have adopted some form of "drive to zero". But, what happens when their performance flattens out? People will wonder why, and there will be pressure from many directions - internal and external. Key issues that must be addressed are: Can you believe your measure data and methods?If so, can you improve the performance based upon these indicators?Then, how can you sustain it - How to resume driving to ZERO?

This paper presents an approach and case study that describes (1) where the company HSE performance plateaued and (2) what they did to resume their drive to ZERO. Following this approach allowed for efficiently diagnosing performance problems, and the company was able to improve their HSE culture and resume their drive to zero with a two-year period.
Effective Prevention of Tuberculosis Transmission in Oil and Gas Workplaces: A Programmatic Approach
Authors: Diara Malick , Ngunjiri Susan , Strohkorb Jerry
Published: April 2018

Objectives/Scope: –Illustrate tuberculosis risk identified in communities and ExxonMobil workplaces–Describe approach for program design and targeted global implementation rollout–Present accomplishments in preventing TB transmission in ExxonMobil workplaces

Methods, Procedures, Process:

Tuberculosis (TB) was evaluated in country populations using World Health Organization sources and in Exxon Mobil Corporation (ExxonMobil or Company) and its affiliates’ operation sites to target workplaces with the highest risk. In consultation with external experts, Company health and safety professionals and executives, the existing TB program became required for all offshore sites and camps in areas with ≥20 TB cases per 100,000. An implementation gap assessment and executive rollout communications were performed. For program sustainability, a contractor exhibit was established, and Company operations integrity management systems integrated TB aspects with site and headquarters reporting.

Results, Observations, Conclusions:

Tuberculosis is now a priority for infectious disease control in ExxonMobil workplaces. Executive Company committee periodically reviews program accomplishments with the intent to prevent workplace transmission, and minimize impact on workers’ health and productivity. TB Program elements include awareness, periodic screening with questionnaire and testing (blood or skin test or chest X-ray), and case management with active TB contact tracing. The gap assessment conducted in 2014 identified inconsistent implementation across eligible sites and among contractors and employees. Following management guidance roll out and support by health and safety teams, all eligible locations implemented the TB program by end 2016. TB exhibits are progressively being integrated in new global contract agreements.

Between January and September 2017, 3886 TB screening tests were performed with 481 positive results. Latent TB prevails between 3 and 5% percent in the US and Europe, and about 30 percent in Africa and Papua New Guinea. Identification of latent TB is important for follow up and early detection of active stage and for baseline status of workers during contact tracing. Since 2010, 107 active TB cases have been identified with no workplace transmission, contributing to avert >1000 infections, considering that one case can infect 10 to 15 individuals.

Novel/Additive Information:

The oil and gas industry operates globally with international, mobile populations and congregate settings that increase TB transmission risk. Targeted TB programs for such sites and workers are pertinent to mitigate risk and consequences. Synergies between public and private institutions, including oil and gas companies, are critical for effective TB programs that can prevent workplace transmission, provide rapid diagnostic, treatment and care, protect Company business and contribute to end the global TB epidemic.
Remote Sensing Technologies for Detecting, Visualizing and Quantifying Gas Leaks
Authors: Watremez Xavier , Marblé André , Baron Thierry , Marcarian Xavier , Dubucq Dominique , Donnat Ludovic , Cazes Laurent , Foucher Pierre-Yves , Danno Ronan , Elie Damien , Chamberland Martin , Gagnon Jean-Philippe , Gay Le Brun , Dobler Jeremy , Østrem Ruben , Russu Andres , Schmidt Matthew , Zaouak Olivier
Published: April 2018

Remote sensing technologies can be applied for a wide range of gas leak flowrates and in three main cases: (1) major leaks in crisis management; (2) medium size leaks in safety monitoring; (3) small leaks in environmental monitoring.

A gas test campaign, conducted by Total, the ONERA – the French Aerospace Lab – and ADCIS in September 2015 using three hyperspectral infrared cameras from Telops, confirmed our capacity to visualize in 3D and quantify in real time plumes of methane in the range of 1 g/s to 50g/s. The R&D project on gas remote quantification continued with a second gas test campaign in 2017.

The second gas test campaign was organized on Total's Lacq Pilot Platform in France and involved several gas spectral imaging systems: (1) mobile hyperspectral cameras in the Long-Wavelength InfraRed (LWIR) band (7.7-12μm); (2) a multispectral camera in the LWIR band (7-9μm); (3) a multigas lidar (LIght Detection And Ranging) system coupled with a wind lidar system; (4) five other international teams (US, Spain, Norway and France) were also invited to assess the capacity of their remote-sensing systems to quantify methane and carbon dioxide releases.

The two-week test demonstrated that methane leak emissions ranging from 0.7 g/s to 140 g/s could be visualized and quantified in real time using a mobile Telops Hyper-Cam. This campaign also served to validate the performance of several remote sensing technologies.

Total's Lacq Pilot Platform is a test area for qualifying cost-effective systems designed to complement the gas detection system of a plant and provide valuable information should a gas leak incident occur. New methodologies for the early detection of anomalies using remote observation systems including drones, robots and artificial intelligence data processing systems are currently being investigated there.
Enhancing Oil & Gas Safety Culture by Affecting Human Experience
Authors: Jose S. J. , Phadke A. , Hilliard S. C. , Galloway S. , Fletcher G.
Published: April 2018

Highly pressurized hydrocarbon systems, heavy equipment, constantly changing environments, sweltering temperatures and rough terrain, remote locations with complex logistics – this isn't a scene from your favorite space flick, just your typical oil and gas operations. These characteristics underscore the industry's inherent safety risks, and with the recent uptick in U.S. onshore drilling, more operators are re-evaluating their safety capabilities. While organizations use safety KPIs to grade their safety performance, these numbers are usually influenced by a myriad of factors - location, job type, formation, hydrocarbon type (oil, gas, condensate), equipment, service provider, and procedures - but they don't tell the whole story.

In her 2011 testimony to the U.S. Senate Committee on Energy & Natural Resources on risk management in offshore oil and gas, MIT professor Nancy Leveson stated that "flaws in safety culture" is the leading cause of major incidents in the oil and gas industry1. A 2013 Norwegian Petroleum Safety Authority article echoed her assertion, stating, "increased knowledge of the interaction between technical and organizational elements - and the people using these - is crucial in understanding the underlying causes of incidents."2 Although safety in the oil and gas industry is driven by multiple factors, it is clear from industry experts and incident data that the key factor influencing an organization's safety performance is people and the culture they operate in. To move the needle with a company's safety performance, you have to affect the hearts of its people through its safety culture.

At the core, organizational culture is enhanced by the way its key assets (people) are engaged, led, communicated with, and incentivized – in other words, by affecting the human experience. An organization's safety culture is a microcosm of the overall culture, with a more heightened and critical lens because of the direct impact on people's health, well-being and lives. Statoil's Development & Production USA Business Area (DPUSA) came to this realization during a review of their safety program in early 2017. The organization had grown through acquisitions over the past several years and had the challenge of ensuring safety excellence while integrating the employee and contractor workforce into the broader organization.
Integrating Human Factors in the Constructability Process
Authors: Palazzolo Matteo , Spingardi Angelo
Published: April 2018

Human Factors Engineering (HFE) is now widely applied in the design phase of capital projects in order to build human-centred facilities, hence improving individual performance and safety of operations. The same concept, from the perspective of an EPCI Contractor, translates into the consideration of Human Factors during the definition of Construction/Fabrication/Installation methods, as well as during the Constructability reviews, HSE risk management process, etc.

Multidisciplinary workshops targeting the early identification of construction hazards, accessibility and workspace issues can be performed using the tools available in the different phases of the project: at the earliest stages, a desktop review of erection sequences, installation drawings and facility layouts can support the identification of HSE criticalities when it is still possible to design them out or to mitigate hazards and bottlenecks. At a later stage a dedicated 3D Model Review can anticipate those areas with limited accessibility for welding, testing, material handling and rescue (e.g. carrying a stretcher or wearing a SCBA).

As a result, by considering the interactions between workers, facility, tools and working environment, a project team can identify any additional controls which may improve the overall human performance in the construction phase. In Saipem’s experience, this has resulted in the provision of additional temporary structures to access welding locations during the installation of an offshore platform, in the procurement of advanced confined space equipment and monitoring systems for the fabrication of buoyancy tanks in a remote area where heat stress could be an issue, and in the identification of additional means of access for the rescue teams in the event that any major emergency onboard would impair the use of the existing gangways, during the integration phase of a FPU. These examples, which required an initial investment, proved to pay back. Maximization of workspace and minimization of fatigue and discomfort led to an improvement in the human performance which reduced execution times or improved welding repair rate.

The scope of this paper is to describe Saipem’s experience in the consideration of Human Factors during the construction/fabrication/installation phase of the project, in order to propose a structured approach to the matter for the Oil & Gas Industry.
Chemical Stewardship Principles for the Oil and Gas Services Sector
Authors: McHenry Brian
Published: April 2018

The importance of establishing best practices for the responsible management of chemicals manufactured, purchased, and used by companies within the oil and gas services sector cannot be overestimated. Chemical stewardship principles should be used to communicate a company's practices throughout its value chain. This paper discusses the unique challenges of developing a sustainable chemical stewardship program for the oilfield services (OFS) companies in this sector.

Chemical stewardship goes beyond the responsible management of chemicals used by an individual company. Other industry sectors, such as chemical manufacturing, have established mature and sophisticated voluntary programs with code of management practices and branding (e.g., Responsible Care®). A model chemical stewardship program incorporating existing best practices should set the minimum expectations for social responsibility and sustainable chemical management for companies within the OFS sector.

A clear commitment by the sector to adhere to a code of best management practices can demonstrate its leadership in the development of new sustainable technologies and chemicals. The development of a model program and standard best practices for the OFS sector addresses the gap between programs designed primarily for chemical manufacturers and the challenges faced by the oil and gas services industry.

Because of increasing focus from regulatory agencies and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) on the hazards and use of chemicals in oil and gas operations, strengthening the framework of industry best practices should provide assurance to stakeholders that the current regulatory environment is sufficiently robust. Individual companies that commit to the chemical stewardship principles promoted by such a program demonstrate their commitment to systematically minimizing risks associated with chemical management.
Choice Not Chance: A Dropped Objects Prevention Campaign Based On Emotional Engagement and Personal Choice
Authors: Scotti Davide , Matkin Darren , Negri Alessandro
Published: April 2018

During 2015 & 2016, Saipem experienced an increase in Dropped Object cases, despite the traditional systems, processes, training and campaigns to prevent against such an occurrence being in place. The majority of these were traced to a failure in following simple rules, which would protect an individual and their colleagues around them, a personal choice that increased the chance of a potentially catastrophic and life changing event taking place. Considering the conclusion, Saipem took the approach to invert the negative choice to take a chance, to instill a ‘drive’ in people to take a positive choice, one that rejects chance: Choice Not Chance!

Saipem's HSE Culture department, along with the strong sponsorship of the Executive Vice President of the Offshore Division, began the evaluation of innovative approaches, working towards creating a trigger to embrace positive personal choice over chance whenever operating in a drops environment.

The methodology followed was that of generating a powerful emotional engagement with the characters in a film dramatization, along with a very personal and credible message delivered to the viewer by the EVP himself. This highly emotional and impactful media would then be the catalyst to provoke lasting personal change in all subsequent locally driven drops training sessions and campaigns.

To provoke such a change required utilizing the latest in Hollywood style methods that personally connect the viewer to both the characters and the environment. The media needs to enable an individual to personally transpose themselves into the roles of the characters, sharing their situations, actions, attitude and emotion. The key to this is creating and fostering an inclusive and recognizable environment, one where people can feel they can connect to because it ‘speaks’ to them on a peer to peer level, reflecting their own everyday ‘way of life’.

Following four months of internal development, filming began on a powerful storyline centering around two friends and their families, following the tragic events that unfold due to a very simple, but negative personal choice, and a willingness to take a chance.

The paper demonstrates the critical need to use the latest communication innovations and techniques to reach the heart and mind of an audience who are exposed daily to high quality, high definition, multi-social media. Communications surrounding HSE topics are more and more required to meet the social expectation of the receiver, if they are to be effective. The paper describes Saipem's implementation of the film within the dropped objects campaign, and the effects such media has on its audience.
An Innovative Communication Strategy to Spread Life Saving Rules Companywide
Authors: Scotti Davide , Matkin Darren , Agraharam Manikanta
Published: April 2018

Saipem’s life saving rules (LSR) have been well established in Saipem’s processes and procedures for many years. However, the need for an effective campaign to transmit and embed them through the organization was recognized. An internal development team began to regenerate and precisely define the topics the LSRs should specifically target, focusing on how to critically define the way they could be released in an impactful way. This also extended into increasing competence.

There are the two key campaign aims: the effective release of each LSR (one at a time over a 6-month period) and the building of the skills and knowledge needed to apply them.

The challenge resided in communicating the rules across a multi-language workforce with impact, whilst creating engagement. The ‘core rules’ were transmitted through highly impactful and interactive film clips, demonstrating the rule violation leading to an accident, pausing for group led discussion and reflection, before again proceeding to demonstrating the correct approach. The films were dubbed into 11 different languages, with the remaining LSRs presented through an innovative ‘language-free’ way. This approach facilitated understanding across languages in a very visual and simple way, without the need for subtitling or dubbing.

There are 15 individual rules, and the communication campaign format releases one rule per month, using various tools to engage all levels of the organization, from management to the workforce, and enabling each rule released to be supported by local training programs and specifically targeted campaigns.

This closely focused approach toward each rule allowed for the embedment and growth of competence before the next rule release.

A comprehensive online toolkit holds the campaign materials, including guidelines for the local assessment and implementation of the LSRs, toolbox talk guides, presentations and film media, recording and reporting mechanisms.

This paper describes the methodology behind an innovative and slow release campaign, including how the rules were developed and tailored to the organization’s context, senior management commitment, the strategy to increase the technical competence and knowledge, and the campaign’s success in impacting Saipem’s safety performance.

Since the launch of the LSR campaign in October 2015, more than 4,000 events have been arranged, covering more than 50,000 people worldwide, in order to ensure exposure to each LSR by all employees. People were engaged from 117 different Projects and Sites around the Saipem world and directly benefitted from this campaign. The safety performance of Saipem has recorded a step change improvement perfectly aligned with the LSR implementation period.

The response from the organization has been so overwhelmingly positive that the story of this successful communication strategy is worth sharing.
Indigenous Social and Environmental Monitoring Program in a Gas Field Development Project Bolivia
Authors: Lovo Leslie
Published: April 2018

Based on the experience of the Incahuasi field development project in Bolivia, this article analyses the challenges and benefits of implementing a socio-environmental monitoring Program with local indigenous communities, in a context of high social sensitivity.
Evaluating the Global Social Performance Generated Locally by Saipem's Sustainable Business Strategy
Authors: Charlot-Clarisse Emmanuelle , Nunzi Pierluigi
Published: April 2018

(previously submitted to the Conference organizers)

Evaluating the Global Social Performance generated by Saipem's sustainable business strategy:

The approach of measuring the global performance in the field of sustainability introduces a step change in Local Content measurement framework that can be challenging for all oil and gas actors. The objective was to find an innovative method. Actually, traditional methods used to evaluate Local Content in quantitative terms calculate only the direct components connected to operations (direct local employment and direct local purchasing) and underestimate the overall real impact and the potential socio-economic benefits of Local Content.

Methods, Procedures, Process: As global impact goes beyond direct effect, Saipem developed its own methodology, the Saipem Externalities Local Content Evaluation (SELCE) methodology, which allows to quantify the global socio-economic footprint generated through a multiplier effect. The SELCE measures the economic impact, the local employment impact and the Human Capital development impact by calculating the direct (directly linked to Saipem activities), indirect (created by Saipem activities along the supply chain) and induced effects (generated in the local economy) of Saipem activities. The SELCE allows to quantify the added value generated in the local economy in terms of GDP contribution percentage.

Results, Observations, Conclusions: The creation of local employment and the development of local skills within Saipem fabrication yards, the know-how transfer between expatriates and local employees and the development of the local supply chain (by the collaboration with local suppliers and subcontractors), generate socio-economic value for the host communities of Saipem yards, and contribute to social stability and wellbeing of the local population. Investing in training, know-how transfer, suppliers and subcontractors scouting and active cooperation is fundamental for the success of Saipem projects in target countries such as Nigeria, Angola, Congo, Brazil and Indonesia. The SELCE methodology is a realistic methodology to evaluate Saipem global social performance as local employment and human capital development impacts are two key indicators. The result of this methodology shows that the total impact on Human capital development represents at least two times the direct input and the total impact on local employment is generally more than three times the direct input.

Novel/Additive Information: This approach of measuring the global performance by introducing the externality economic model can be considered as an innovative approach in the field of sustainability in a long term vision.
Methodology For Minimizing Environmental Impacts During A Seismic Survey By Applying An Ecological Avoidance Program
Authors: Ochanda D.. , Jennet C..
Published: April 2018

Total Exploration and Production Uganda undertook a 3D seismic survey in Exploration Area 1/1A lying within the Murchison Falls National Park inhabited by many species of wildlife. During the seismic survey, an ecological avoidance program was applied to; i). Scout and map all sensitive features within the seismic footprint, ii). Avoid impacts on sensitive features and maintain their ecological integrity, iii). Proactively demonstrate sustainable oil & gas extraction in a sensitive ecosystem.

A mitigation hierarchy of; Avoidance, Minimization, Restoration and Offsetting residual impacts was followed to limit ecological impacts. In this paper, we focus on Avoidance, presented as a model for future seismic or other intensive operations in similar sensitive ecosystems. This involved systematic surveys of predefined seismic lines for sensitive features, mapping locations of features, sensitizing Seismic crews, and on-ground supervision of Avoidance implementation.

A total of 25,484 features such as; lekking grounds of ungulates, clay-licks and wallows were mapped along approximately 3300km in total of seismic lines surveyed. Out of 25,484 features mapped, 10,169 significant features were sorted, from which 678 features were sampled and revisited after seismic operations to assess compliance to Avoidance.

Out of 678 features revisited, only one, a burrow was found to be impacted upon, having a tyre mark depression implying it was trampled by a vehicle. Three other burrows were found filled with soil, but with no indication of whether this was due to anthropogenic or natural occurrence. Five hundred and twenty features were found to have signs of animal activities such as; footmarks and physical presence of animals, including birds, indicating continued use of the features after seismic operations. The results indicate compliance by Seismic crews, suggesting that the Avoidance Mapping Procedure is an effective impact mitigation measure especially in such sensitive ecosystems.

No such intensive seismic operation had been undertaken before in such a sensitive ecosystem. Some impact minimization measures used such as cable-less seismic data acquisition were implemented for the first time in Africa during these surveys. The Avoidance Mapping Procedure designed and applied was as well therefore the first of its kind, and provides an extensive knowledge, technicalities and experience in avoiding and minimizing impacts during seismic operations in such sensitive ecosystems.
Implementing Continuous Improvement in Hazard Studies
Authors: Godfrey M J
Published: April 2018

To meet corporate Process Safety objectives, we first need the right ‘tools’ or techniques to identify hazards and risks. Risk reduction will start to be achieved when these tools are rigorously applied. Frequently used ‘tools’ in the Process Safety toolbox include Hazard Identification (HAZID); Hazard and Operability study (HAZOP) and Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA). Whilst these hazard studies have been in common used for some time there is evidence that deficiencies in the planning, execution or follow up have been a contributing factor in undesired Process Safety events. The objectives of this paper are to i) detail evidence demonstrating a link between deficiencies in these studies and Process Safety incidents ii) introduce the concept of defect elimination and Continuous Improvement and iii) provide examples of how such an improvement process has been systematically applied by one operator in the UAE / ME region to Process Safety studies.

The paper begins by providing evidence available within the public domain that indicates possible links between deficiencies in key Process Safety studies and major incidents. Sources include US OSHA and the US Chemical Safety Board (CSB). Through an analysis of this information it possible to not only understand this link but start to identify specific areas of weakness. Following this an introduction to the philosophy of defect elimination and Continuous Improvement (CI) is given. A common method for implementing CI is described. More importantly a demonstration of how such a methodology, developed in a manufacturing environment, can be successfully applied to deliver improvements in Process Safety is given. Finally, the approach taken by one operator in applying CI in this manner is given. This provides insight into some of the focus areas identified; the previous practices and detail changes that have been implemented.

In summary the paper concludes that we should not become complacent with our current performance but must look to continuously improve. With leadership support and commitment organisations can readily make systematic, sustainable improvements to the application of key hazard studies. These improvements will support the goals of accident elimination and, as a result, safeguard corporate reputation and licence to operate.
Where Does Information on Incidents Come From?
Authors: Murphy V. L. , Littlejohn A. , Rienties B. , King S. , Bryden R.
Published: April 2018

Objectives/Scope

Ensuring people in an organisation are well connected has been shown in previous research to be vital for exchanging information, influencing attitudes, and improving safety. After an incident, information is often distributed within a company so that others can learn from that incident. While processes to share incident information often exist, there is a need to understand whether and how information reaches those who need it in their roles, as effective information exchange is a first step to building the knowledge of those not directly involved in an incident.

Methods, procedure, process

To investigate this topic, the Open University, in collaboration with the Energy Institute, sent a survey to employees working in operational and maintenance teams at a European site of a multinational energy company, asking how they receive safety related information. Survey respondents included both front-line workers and managerial members of the teams. The surveys enquired how people receive information about incidents, focusing both on formal and informal channels. Here a formal channel refered to an email, document, or meeting where information on an incident is purposefully shared. Informal channels include, for example, discussing a safety concern with a colleague.

Results, observations, conclusions

The data evidenced that plant operators and managers received information in different ways. Front-line workers appeared to have many connections within a team with whom they would discuss safety concerns, but mainly received information from outside their team only through official notifications distributed by the health and safety team. The managerial level members of the unit, on the other hand, often had a wide network of colleagues external to their immediate team, from whom they heard information about industry incidents in addition to the reports distributed by the health and safety team. How teams responded to an incident alert, and what additional knowledge was gathered by management was, nevertheless, not captured by a formal system. It is likely to be useful to formally record information on the actions taken in response to an incident by teams, as others could then learn not only from original incident information, but also from the responses of other teams within the organisation.

Novel/additive information

Consideration of the flow of information is vital if companies are to enable workers to learn from incidents which they weren’t directly involved in. While health and safety are usually the source of information, all workers at a site have the opportunity to hear about industry incidents that could help to keep front-line workers safe. However, unless a procedure exists to record the actions taken by teams and additional useful information gathered by management, learning will be kept to a local level. A formal database or system could aid teams in understanding how others have learnt from an incident.
How Do You Know If You’re Learning from Incidents?
Authors: Murphy V. L. , Littlejohn A.. , Rienties B.. , King S.. , Bryden R..
Published: April 2018

Objectives/Scope

Despite the importance of learning from incidents, little is known about the indicators that signal whether people have actually learnt. Previous research has shown that learning is dependent on context; a software engineer and an operator at a petrochemical plant display learning in different ways, so the indicators of whether or not they have learnt will differ. Therefore it is important that energy organisations are able to recognise indicators of learning following an incident that are relevant to their context. The objective of this study is to explore ways of understanding whether individuals are learning from incidents, and provide a general model that companies can use as a starting point in evaluating learning.

Methods, procedure, process

The Open University, in collaboration with the Energy Institute, undertook interviews with 18 workers at a European site of a multinational energy company. The participants came from a variety of positions in both operations and maintenance, ranging from front-end operators to managers. A model of professional learning was used to guide a thematic analysis of what participants viewed as effective learning from incidents.

Results, observations, conclusions

The interviews provided many examples of ways that individual practice and site processes had changed as a result of learning from incidents. Indicators of learning ranged from individual traits, such as accurate perception of risks, to changes in leadership priorities. While the number of incidents has been used in both research and practice as an indicator of learning, the interviews demonstrated that there are many ways in which learning can be evidenced. Understanding what changes are important for individuals, teams, leadership, and the company as a whole is a first step to being able to assess if effective learning is taking place. Our preliminary findings indicate that there is no single measure that can be used to assess how well people learn. However, once a company has defined what changes it expects to see, a combination of measures could be created to give insight into how effectively learning is happening.

Novel/additive information

This paper aims to provide some examples of indicators of learning after an incident. Both in research and in practice a single metric is often used to assess whether learning is occurring. This study proposes a model that would allow companies to select appropriate metrics for various aspects of learning from incidents.
Monitoring Biodiversity in Critical Habitats: Case Study from the PNG LNG Project, Papua New Guinea
Authors: Richards Stephen , Woxvold Iain , Mogina Jane , Dresser Laura Ann
Published: April 2018

Papua New Guinea is an independent nation that occupies the eastern half of New Guinea, the world's largest tropical island. New Guinea has an exceptionally high biodiversity, and a large proportion of its fauna and flora is found nowhere else on Earth. Because the PNG LNG project was built and operates in an area with high biodiversity values that qualifies as critical habitat under IFC Performance Standard 6, a series of programmed monitoring activities have been initiated to provide biodiversity data in order to evaluate the impact of the PNG LNG construction and operations. This paper describes the program of surveys that was designed and conducted to collect quantitative, repeatable data on the diversity of species in and around the areas affected by the PNG LNG Project. Diversity is expressed as the number of species, the composition of species assemblages, and the abundance of target species, as compared with a defined baseline.

In 2015 two locations impacted by construction and operations were selected for long term biodiversity monitoring. These ‘Biodiversity Assessment Areas’ or BAAs are separated by about 800 m in elevation. During the 2015 survey permanent transects were established along which monitoring was undertaken for bats, non-volant mammals (rodents, marsupials, monotremes) and frogs. Some mist-netting activities for birds were conducted on separate transects. Permanent transects extended for 220–250 m into the forest and were perpendicular to the facilities. In addition plant plot and camera trapping surveys were undertaken in forest some distance from transects.

The results of the 2015 survey indicate that both BAAs retain high biodiversity values for all surveyed taxa. At least 579 animal and plant species were documented during the surveys including numerous species of plants, frogs, marsupials, rodents and bats that were previously unknown to science (new species) or that were known but have yet to be scientifically named (undescribed). Fourteen species are listed in a category higher than Least Concern by the IUCN.

The 2015 survey provides baseline data on biodiversity in the two survey locations against which future monitoring surveys can be compared, assesses the current biodiversity values of the survey areas and the potential impacts of linear infrastructure corridors on these values.
Risk Assessment for Increase in Plant Capacity
Authors: Shahabuddin Ziauddin
Published: April 2018

In a competitive working environment for a chemical process industry, sometimes it is required to maximize the production capacity or its yield based on the available plant capacity margins as per the prevailing process conditions. Sometime simulation study also suggests proceeding to increase in plant capacity. Normally, this increase in capacity increase is without major modifications and debottlenecking requirements or studies.

Though in such exercise or study, the financial gain is an obvious factor but to sustain operation at increased plant load (especially beyond designed nameplate capacity) warrants a structured Risk Assessment for the whole process plant / equipment / machines / human factors / mechanical integrity concerns, to assess new hazards and risks to avoid any process safety related incident. Apart from other important risk factors affecting the process, due to increase in plant load; following are the important ones; Operator response in case any process upset or management of abnormal situation.Asset Integrity concerns of plant equipment/machines/pipelines due to sustained operation at higher plant load like flow induced corrosion.Other human factors

Above mentioned and others risk factors are dicussed in details, subsequently in this document.
A Holistic Approach in Managing Road Transport Safety in Garraf, Iraq
Authors: Hamid Azrul Abd , Badzri Shairizal , Clare Vanessa
Published: April 2018

This paper describes the approach and intervention measures adopted to manage land transport safety, a "Top Risk" identified at Garraf operations with exposure of 309,000 kilometers driven per month in which PETRONAS Carigali Iraq B.V. (PCIHBV) operates. This land transportation management system aim to prevent recurrence of incidents related to road safety, ultimately improving HSE Performance.

A structured approach in managing land transport safety based on five (5) key elements, namely 1) HSE Management System, 2) Driver Management, 3) Vehicle Management, 4) Journey Management and 5) Emergency Management, has enabled Garraf Operations to successfully reduce number of road transport incidents by more than 50% over the past 5 years, with zero fatal accidents since 2015.

Through the establishment of the Land Transport Safety Workgroup, a site specific Road Transportation Safety Procedure which was based on risk assessments, root cause analysis and industry best practices was developed. This procedure which defines the minimum road safety requirements also enabled fortification of contract requirements, i.e. implementation of in-vehicle monitoring system (IVMS) for all vehicles used for Intercity and Infield mission at Garraf operations covering both armoured and non-armoured. As a result, effective tracking as well as monitoring of driver behavior and vehicle management to provide feedback on improvements was also achieved.

Additionally, robust series of training and assessments related to road safety has also been provided to appointed drivers and identified employees to enhance driving skills, whilst inculcating safe driving habits.

The abovementioned holistic and self –regulated approach may be adopted and/or referenced when operating in similar work environments, predominantly where insufficient enforcement of road legislation and inadequate awareness on road safety is experienced.
ERA Acute-Implementation of a New Method for Environmental Risk Assessment of Acute Offshore Oil Spills
Authors: Libre Jean-Marie , Collin-Hansen Christian , Kjeilen-Eilertsen Grethe , Rogstad Tonje Waterloo , Stephansen Cathrine , Brude Odd Willy , Bjorgesaeter Anders , Brönner Ute
Published: April 2018

Energy companies, like Statoil and TOTAL conduct Environmental Risk assessments (ERAs) as part of their risk management processes to ensure acceptable environmental risk for all operations. In some parts of the world, ERAs are required by regulators to assess risk and as a basis for evaluating risk reducing measures. A standardized ERA Acute method has been developed, providing quantitative assessment of environmental impact and risk of acute oil spills covering four environmental compartments: sea surface, shoreline, water column and seafloor. The method usesoil drift simulations and Valued Ecosystem Components (VECs) data as input. Based on a selection of relevant oil spill incidents, impact and recovery timesare calculated for VECs in all compartmentsusingcontinuous functions. Several endpoints are provided including the "Resource Damage Factor" (RDF) combining the extent of an impact with recovery time, the risk matrix, and a risk comparison tool, e.g. for quantifying effects of risk reducing measures. The methodology has been benchmarked and compared to the current industry standard ERA used on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS), the MIRA method (NOROG, 2007). The ERA Acute method has also been compared with data from the real spill incidents: Deepwater Horizon (Gulf of Mexico, 2010) and Exxon Valdez (Alaska, 1989). Estimated impact and recovery time of incidents, e.g. from post-spill monitoring of environmental impact and reconstructed oil exposure data from satellite have been compared to ERA acute calculations and oil spill simulations. Acknowledging that validation of the model is challenging, the results support the new impact algorithms, and are within the range of expected uncertainties related to field observations. The continuous risk functions better discriminate the effect of small spills and of mitigation measures compared toMIRA methodology, and details of the exposure mechanisms such as exposure time and specific behavior of surface species are also included. The validity and applicability of the new ERA Acute methodology are presented in the paper, including the benefits the industry obtains from a standardized methodology providing reliable environmental risk estimations.
Southern Area Oil Operations Continuing Journey of Sustainability
Authors: El-Ayoubi Ensan
Published: April 2018

Saudi Aramco's Southern Area Oil Operations (SAOO) organization is one of the company's critical areas of operations. It contains some of the largest oil production and processing facilities in the world. SAOO has embarked some time ago on its journey of sustainability by setting an ambitious plan to reduce consumption of resources and minimize impact on the environment, all while sustaining capability and readiness to meet current and future demands. This paper sheds light on SAOO's continuing journey of sustainability and discusses implemented and planned activities that make sure the journey continues.
Industry Safety Data, What is it Telling Us?
Authors: Walker K. , Hawkes C. , Poore W. , Carvalho M.
Published: April 2018

The International Association of Oil & Gas Producers (IOGP) is a global forum in which member companies identify and share best practices to achieve improvements in areas such as health, safety, the environment, security, social responsibility and operations. IOGP members encompass oil and gas companies, industry associations as well as major upstream service companies; collectively members produce 40% of the world's oil and gas.

The IOGP member companies voluntarily report their annual safety data, which is used to compile an annual safety performance indicators report. IOGP work groups have focused attention on using the safety performance indicator data to identify industry-wide learning to enable an industry vision of no fatalities.

This paper describes the trends and learnings from the data received. Having this large database of information and standardized reporting of fatality data by activity, category, Life Saving Rule and causal factors allows trending and analysis on a scale which is not possible for any individual member company. The paper provides an update on the upstream industry safety performance from the last seven years of data collected. A review is also provided of specific data sets which provide increased granularity in process and transportation safety for identifying trends and learning.

The paper also discusses how the IOGP have used the available upstream safety data to validate and refresh the industry Life Saving Rules. The IOGP Safety performance indicator data set is the largest database of its kind in the upstream oil and gas industry, allowing the ability to analyze trends and learning from fatal incidents on an industry-wide basis.