bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Analysis of the Post-Operation Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the Similar Welded Joint
Authors: Merda Agata , Klimaszewska Klaudia
Published: June 2021

The test material was a specimen sampled from sections of a pipe operated for 41,914 hours at a temperature of 575°C and under a steam pressure of 28.2 MPa. The specimen subjected to metallurgical tests was a welded joint made of austenitic steel TP347HFG. The non-destructive tests and the macroscopic tests confirmed the lack of any welding imperfections. The test joint represented quality level B in accordance with related standard requirements. The microstructural tests of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) revealed the presence of the fine-grained austenitic structure with numerous precipitates on grain boundaries – probably M23C6 carbides. In spite of long-lasting operation, the mechanical properties of the test welded joint were high and did not exceed the standard-related requirements concerning the base material.
Coronavirus (covid-19) y derecho de seguros de daños en Colombia y el mundo, una relación proporcional al número de contagiados
Authors: Beleño Pitalua Yordano
Published: June 2021

Durante el transcurso del mes de noviembre del año 2019 fue descubierto en Wuhanprovincia de Hubei en China el virus Sars-CoV2, Covid 19 o Coronavirus el cual secentra en dificultar la respiración de quien lo contrae causando incluso la muerte, laconsecuencia de este virus trasciende más allá de la ciencia y la medicina que luchaincansablemente por controlarlo. Otras aristas de la sociedad como la Economía y elDerecho sufren debacles y paralizaciones que obligan a que el desarrollo económico sedetenga como medida para evitar el contagio del virus en el mundo entero. Colombia noes la excepción a esta situación y en el país ante el cierre de las economías, el Derechoy en especial el de Seguros comienza cobrar más auge ante el incumplimiento de lasobras, créditos, y obligaciones contractuales, teniendo entonces que acudir a las pólizasy seguros que cubren las contingencias de los contratos, sin embargo no son muchaslas respuestas positivas que se obtienen al hacer validas dichas protecciones y que seexplicaran en este texto.
English Instructional Video Design for Islamic Junior High School
Authors: Erlangga Rifqi Aulia , Shamsudin Izzati Shaima
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate the perceptions of teachers andstudents in Islamic Junior High School about duration, their involvement inthe video (cast), format and post-video watch activities of English supplementary videos to ensure the videos that will be made are effective. Using a descriptive quantitative method, this study reveals that video is a fun learning tool to study English, so that the students don’t mind if the video duration is more than 15 minutes. About the cast, the students inclined to be involved in producing the video. About the format, the majority chooses the drama method with Bahasa subtitled. About the post-video watch activities, they prefer to do a writing rather than a speaking activity. During the video playing, they didn’t taking a note or observing the whole plot yet, so that they wish the video can be replayed outside the class,just like on television or youtube
Innovative and Digital Development of the Economies of Ukraine and the European Union: Differentiations and Concept of the State Policy of Convergence
Authors: Barna Marta , Moroz Svitlana
Published: June 2021

The author’s methods of integrated assessment of the state of the innovative and digital development of the country’s economy are developed. The methods are tested and the integral values of the innovative and digital development of the economy of Ukraine and the European Union in 2017-2019 are calculated. The rating of countries according to the integrated index of innovative and digital development is carried out. The comparative characteristic of the dynamics of change of the index of the innovative and digital development of the economy of Ukraine and the European Union is given. The strategic imperatives of the state policy of the convergence of the innovative and technological growth of the economy of Ukraine and the European Union are defined.
On the Alternative Approach to Artifacts in Environmental Education
Authors: HOŁY-ŁUCZAJ Magdalena , LUCZAJ Kamil
Published: May 2021

This paper advocates developing an alternative strategy for encouraging environmentally responsible actions related to technical artifacts (useful, human-made objects). It argues that we should care for and respect them as unique individuals embedded in the network of functionality (positive intrinsic motivation) and not only because neglecting them may lead to an ecological catastrophe (negative intrinsic motivation) or because of external motivators, e.g. saving money (extrinsic motivation). Such a reinforcement of positive engagement with artifacts through environmental education may complement existing strategies aimed at transforming patterns of how humans deal with them. The paper concludes with suggestions for classroom activities targeted at undergraduate students for cultivating a revised understanding of everyday artifacts.
Child-Free Lifestyle and the Need for Parenthood and Relationship with Marital Satisfaction among Infertile Couples
Authors: Chehreh Razhan , Ozgoli Giti , Abolmaali Khadijeh , Nasiri Malihe , Karamelahi Zolaykha
Published: May 2021

Objective: Marital satisfaction is considered as satisfaction with a marital relationship on which the presence of a child has different effects. Concerns about a childfree life and its effect on marital satisfaction in infertile couples are very critical. Therefore, this study was intended to characterize and compare concerns about a childfree lifestyle and the need for parenthood and their relationship with marital satisfaction in infertile couples.
Method: A total of 200 men and 200 women who referred to fertility centers in Tehran participated in this cross-sectional study. Convenience sampling method was used for sampling. Demographic survey, ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale, and Fertility Problem Inventory were used for data collection. The resulting data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistical tests (Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Stepwise Regression).
Results: The mean scores for concern about a childfree lifestyle and the need for parenthood in women were significantly higher than in men. The variables rejection of a childfree lifestyle and the need for parenthood were respectively predictors of marital satisfaction in women and men.
Conclusion: Since marital satisfaction in infertile couples is affected by their feelings about having a child and becoming a parent, it is therefore suggested that appropriate counseling be provided in supportive healthcare programs for infertile couples to promote their marital satisfaction.
Mental Health Status among Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kheradmand Ali , Mahjani Mahsa , Pirsalehi Ali , Fatemizadeh Somayeh , Moshari Mohammadreza , Ziaie Shadi , Fatemizadeh Sima , Khoshgoui Banafshe
Published: May 2021

Objective: COVID-19, which is an international concern by far, had fundamental impacts on mental health of medical staff. Healthcare workers are the high-risk group to endure the emotional outcomes brought about by the outbreak. This study assesses the mental consequences of healthcare workers during the acute phase of COVID-19 pandemic in Tehran.
Method: We conducted a cross-sectional study on healthcare workers from two tertiary referral hospitals in Tehran province. A total of 222 of the staff participated in the study. Our questionnaires comprised Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), which were handed to participants to obtain data on their general mental problems in addition to the psychological impacts of the evolving virus on this particular group. Epidemiologic and sociodemographic information of participants, level of perceiving exposure to disease, and underlying diseases of each of them were gathered during the recruitment period.
Results: Results showed high probabilities (98.2%) in mental disorders among healthcare workers. Since our study was done during the initial phase of the pandemic, development of mental issues due to the newly emerged infectious virus was expected. However, we recorded mild (41.4%) to moderate (31.5%) impact of this novel virus. The possibility of having mental problems was much higher in females, assistant nurses, individuals with lower education, and those who provided care for COVID-19 patients.
Conclusion: COVID-19 has brought about increased distress among healthcare workers. Noticeably, the forefront group in combating this virus bear the most emotional complications. Thus, efforts should be taken into practice to provide proper psychological support for this vulnerable group.
The Effectiveness of Group Hope Therapy Training on the Quality of Life and Meaning of Life in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis and Their Family Caregivers
Authors: Azimian Mojtaba , Arian Moslem , Shojaei Seyedeh Fahimeh , Doostian Younes , Ebrahimi Barmi Banafsheh , Khanjani Mohammad Saeed
Published: May 2021

Objective: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, progressive neurological disease that, due to its special nature, has various physical and mental influences on the patients and their family's lives, decreasing the quality of life and threatening the meaning of life. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the group hope therapy training on the quality and the meaning of life in patients with multiple sclerosis and their family caregivers.
Method: This quasi-experimental study was performed using pretest-posttest and control group. Thirty patients with multiple sclerosis along with 30 family caregivers who got low to medium scores on the Meaning in Life questionnaire by Steger (MLQ), Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS-29), and the Iranian Quality of Life questionnaire (IRQOL) for the caregivers were selected purposively. Then, the patients were randomly divided into two groups of 15 individuals in experimental and 15 individuals in control groups. The caregivers were grouped in the same manner. The protocol of group hope therapy training was carried out through eight two-hour sessions in two weeks separately on two experimental groups (the patients and the caregivers), and finally the posttest was given to four experimental and control groups.
Results: The results of the data showed that the meaning of life in both the patient and the caregiver experimental groups increased significantly (P < 0.001), but there was no significant change in the patient and the caregiver control groups.
Conclusion: Group hope therapy training is an effective intervention for improving the meaning of life and the quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis. Also, any psychological intervention that aims to improve the quality of life in patients in an advanced stage of the disease requires attention to both the physical and the mental issues at the same time. Although group hope therapy training has improved the meaning of life in such patients, it did not have a significant impact on the quality of life. Therefore, paying attention to the stages of multiple sclerosis and the physical condition of the patients during the therapeutic intervention and adopting necessary complementary interventions seems to be essential.
Efficacy of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety, Depression, and Fatigue in Cancer Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Sheikhzadeh Masoume , Zanjani Zahra , Baari Alireza
Published: May 2021

Objective: Cancer is associated with some psychological problems that play an important role in the severity and continuity of cancer. Cancer may lead to maladaptive psychological reactions such as anxiety, depression, and fatigue. Depression and anxiety are highly prevalent in cancer patients. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for anxiety, depression, and fatigue in cancer patients.
Method: The present study was a randomized clinical trial (RCT). Of the 100 patients diagnosed with cancer, 60 patients were eligible to participate in this study according to the inclusion / exclusion criteria. They were randomly assigned into 3 groups: MBCT, CBT, and wait-list group (WLG). Afterward, the experimental groups received 8 weekly treatment sessions. All the participants fulfilled the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Cancer-Related Fatigue Scale (CFS) before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS-16 software by Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA).
Results: The results indicated a significant reduction in depression, anxiety, and fatigue scores in CBT and MBCT groups. There was a significant difference between both treatment groups with WLG in the anxiety and depression, but no significant difference was found between MBCT and CBT groups. Additionally, there was only a significant difference between the CBT group and WLG in terms of fatigue (P = 0.01).
Conclusion: CBT and MBCT performed equally well in decreasing anxiety and depression in cancer patients, and they were significantly better than WLG. It seems that MBCT is a good alternative to CBT for decreasing emotional symptoms in cancer patients. As a result, CBT and MBCT could be considered a good addition to pharmacological treatment of cancer patients with comorbid psychological symptoms. However, CBT was preferable to MBCT in decreasing fatigue. The study was registered at the irct.ir database under registration number IRCT20180503039509N1.
The Mediating Effects of Self-Esteem and Harm Avoidance on the Association between Social Anxiety Symptoms and Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptom Severity in Turkish Inpatients with Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Evren Cuneyt , Cicekci Elvan , Umut Gokhan , Evren Bilge , Durmus Cicek Kubra
Published: May 2021

Objective: The first objective of this research was to examine the association of the symptom severity of social anxiety with the adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptom severity in Turkish patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD). The second objective was to examine if harm avoidance and self-esteem mediated this relationship.
Method: This cross-sectional analysis was performed among 151 inpatients with AUD at the Bakirkoy/AMATEM, a treatment center for substance use disorder, in Istanbul. Patients were examined with the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS), the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES), and the temperament dimension of Harm Avoidance (HA). Using SPSS-20 software, the data was analyzed using Pearson correlations, multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), and multiple linear regressions.
Results: The scales scores were mildly correlated with each other. The low self-esteem and high HA were related with the inattentive (IN) dimension of ADHD, whereas low self-esteem solely predicted hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI) dimension of ADHD in MANCOVA. In the linear regression analysis, the severity of social anxiety, particularly avoidance dimension, was associated with the symptom severity of ADHD. In the second step of the analysis, together with the avoidance dimension of social anxiety, self-esteem was associated with the symptom severity of ADHD. However, in the third step, after including HA as an independent variable in the analysis, the avoidance dimension of social anxiety was no longer associated with the severity of adult ADHD symptoms, whereas self-esteem together with HA (particularly “anticipatory worry and pessimism” [HA-1], and “asthenia and fatigability” [HA-4]) predicted.
Conclusion: Findings of the present study shows that although the symptom severity of social anxiety is associated with the severity of ADHD symptoms among inpatients with AUD, among dimensions of social anxiety, the avoidance dimension plays a main role in this relationship. Also, while the self-esteem partially mediates this relationship, HA seems to have a full mediator effect on this relationship.
Educational Needs for Implementing Iran’s Comprehensive Mental and Social Health Services at the District Level
Authors: Damari Behzad , Asgardoon Mohammad Hossein , Sharifi Vandad , Hajebi Ahmad
Published: May 2021

Objective: A national program on providing comprehensive social and mental health services, entitled “SERAJ”, was developed and piloted in three districts of Iran. The present study aims to thoroughly explain the educational needs for implementing the provision of comprehensive mental and social health services in districts of Iran (SERAJ).
Method: In this study, we have interviewed service providers, held focused group discussions (FGDs) and used the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) model for analyzing the duties of the service providers.
Results: To implement SERAJ, Mental and Social Health Professionals and Healthcare professionals should be trained on various contents in the fields of mental health, social health, and addiction to provide ‎primary care services in Iran. Such training materials and schedules are necessary for providing secondary, and community action care ‎services as well.
Conclusion: The educational program resulting from this study should be piloted and after removing the barriers and solving the limitations, it should be expanded throughout the country.
Effects of Melatonin on Salivary Levels of Cortisol and Sleep Quality of Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Hasannia Elham , Derakhshanpour Firoozeh , Vakili Mohammad Ali
Published: May 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exogenous melatonin on the quality of sleep in patients undergoing dialysis and to investigate its mechanism for the regulation of total circadian rhythm and salivary levels of cortisol in hemodialysis patients admitted to Pange Azar hospital in Gorgan in winter of 2017.
Method: This was a double-blind randomized clinical trial. Samples were transferred to the laboratory by maintaining the cold chain. Then, the patients were divided into two groups. In a double-blind trial, one group received three mg melatonin and another group received placebo for two weeks at 10 PM. At the end of two weeks, sampling was performed to investigate the salivary level of cortisol under the same conditions. The research instrument was Pittsburgh questionnaire. Data were analyzed before and after intervention using SPSS 16 software.
Results: Salivary levels of cortisol decreased significantly after the intervention in the melatonin group (melatonin: 1.40 ± 1.82 and placebo: 4.94 ± 4.43; P = 0.008). Salivary levels of cortisol in the morning after intervention were also lower in the melatonin group, but were not statistically significant (melatonin 3.99 ± 3.45 and placebo: 5.35 ± 4.9; P = 0.93). Also, the difference in salivary levels of cortisol at night and before and after intervention significantly decreased in melatonin group. PSQI difference (interventional dimension) and PSQI (before intervention) were significantly decreased in melatonin group (P = 0.0001). The rate of change in the subscales of sleep latency, sleep efficiency, and sleep disorders in the melatonin group than in the placebo group was significantly higher.
Conclusion: Melatonin can be used as a safe and cost-effective treatment to improve sleep quality and can also reduce salivary cortisol increased in hemodialysis patients at night.
Integrating Mental Health Services into the Primary Health Care System: The Need for Reform in Iran
Authors: Hajebi Ahmad , Sharifi Vandad , Abbasinejad Maryam , Asadi Ali , Jafari Nahid , Ziadlou Tahereh , Khadem Sedigheh , Asgardoon Mohammad Hossein , Damari Behzad
Published: May 2021

Objective: The main objective of this study was to review aspects of the current situation and structure of the integrated mental health care services for planning a reform. Aspects of the newly designed infrastructure, along with specification of duties of the various human resources, and its relation with Iran’s Comprehensive Mental and Social Health Services (the SERAJ Program), will also be presented
Method: This is a study on service design and three methods of literature review, deep interview with stakeholders, and focused group discussions. In the literature review, national and international official documents, including official reports of the World Health Organization (WHO) and consultant field visits, were reviewed. Deep semi-structured interviews with 9 stakeholders were performed and results were gathered and categorized into 3 main questions were analyzed using the responsibility and effectiveness matrix method. The Final results were discussed with experts, during which the main five-domain questions were asked and the experts’ opinions were observed.
Results: In this study, the main gaps of the public mental health care (PHC) services in Iran were identified, which included reduction of risk factors for mental disorders, training the general population, early recognition and treatment of patients with mental disorders, educating patients and their families, and rehabilitation services. The new model was then proposed to fill these gaps focusing on increasing access, continuity of care, coordination in service delivery, and comprehensiveness of care. A mental health worker was placed besides general healthcare workers and general practitioners (GPs). Services were prioritized and the master flowchart for mental health service delivery was designed.
Conclusion: A reform was indeed necessary in the integrated mental health services in Iran, but regarding the infrastructure needed for this reform, including human and financial resources, support of the senior authorities of the Ministry of Health (MOH) is necessary for the continuity and enhancement of services. In this model, attention has been given to the principles of integrating mental health services into primary health care. Current experience shows that the primary health care system has been facing many executive challenges, and mental health services are not exclusion to this issue. Monitoring and evaluation of this model of service and efforts for maintaining sustainable financial resources is recommended to make a reform in this system and to stabilize it.
Correlation between Spiritual Intelligence and Clinical Competency in Students Who Are Children of War Victims
Authors: Imani Behzad , Imani Ghazal , Karampourian Arezou
Published: May 2021

Objective: Providing effective and correct care to patients requires clinical competence. One of the important components in clinical competence is spiritual intelligence the purpose of the study was to consider the correlation between clinical competence and spiritual intelligence in students who are children of victims of war of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences in 2019.
Method: The cross-sectional study was carried out on 145 Martyrs' and War Veterans' Students of medical, nursing, midwifery, and paramedical schools. Sampling was done through census of students of operating room, anesthesia, medicine, nursing, midwifery, laboratory science, and radiology. The data collection tools were Kazdin et al’s (1986) Spiritual Intelligence questionnaire and Liu et al’s (2009) Clinical Competency Assessment questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS 23 software.
Results: The results of data analysis showed a direct, positive, and significant linear relationship between spiritual intelligence and clinical competence of all students (P < 0.05). According to the students' self-report, the highest mean score of clinical competency of the students was related to medical students with a mean score of 37 and the lowest to the laboratory students with a mean score of 30 (P =0.012). In addition, the results showed that the highest mean score of spiritual intelligence belonged to nursing students with a score of 48 (good spiritual intelligence) and the lowest to radiology students with a score of 39 (moderate spiritual intelligence) (P =0.019).
Conclusion: We found that there is a direct and positive correlation between spiritual intelligence and clinical competence, so it seems that promoting spiritual intelligence may be associated with an increase in clinical competence.
Risk Factors Associated with Cyberbullying, Cybervictimization, and Cyberbullying-Victimization in Iran’s High School Students
Authors: Azami Mohammad Saeed , Taremian Farhad
Published: May 2021

Objective: This study aimed at finding the risk and protective factors of cyberbullying.
Method: A total of 425 high school students (199 boys and 226 girls) were selected using a cluster randomized procedure. The risk and protective factors included gender, internet use, self-esteem, dark triad traits (Machiavellianism, narcissism and psychopathy), school bullying perpetration, school bullying victimization, interparental conflict, and school climate.
Results: The results of multinomial logistic regression showed that being male, school bullying perpetration, and school bullying victimization can significantly increase the chances of being a cyberbully-victim and spending one hour or less on the internet can significantly decrease the chances of being a cyberbully-victim.
Conclusion: This study provides important implications for any prevention and intervention programs for cyberbullying, which must consider the roles of traditional bullying, gender differences, and internet use in cyberbullying behavior.
Mental Health Status among Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Iran
Authors: Kheradmand Ali , Pirsalehi Ali , Mahjani Mahsa , Khoshgoui Banafshe
Published: May 2021

Objective: The recent escalated numbers of subjected COVID-19 patients and mortality rates have alerted the general population and authorities to its effects not only on physical health but also on different aspects of the society such as mental health. This study assesses the general mental health and immediate psychological impacts in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.
Method: In this cross-sectional study, 88 patients from two tertiary hospitals in Tehran agreed to complete the surveys. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and 12 item General Health questionnaire (GHQ-12) were used to evaluate mental health and impact of disease. Epidemiological and sociodemographic information entailing underlying diseases was assess by a researcher-made questionnaire.
Results: We found that the psychological impact of the current pandemic is mild to moderate. During the initial phase of the pandemic, the intellectual engagements, inducing post event stress is not yet entirely developed. However, patients had a moderate to high probability of psychiatric morbidity with 63.6% and 28.4%, respectively.
Conclusion: The effect of such viral pandemic on mental health is inevitable. As we conducted the study in the dire times of the outbreak, patients showed a high probability of psychiatric morbidity. On the other hand, since the study was done in the initial phase of the epidemic, we detected mild effects of the epidemic on PTSD in COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, several psychosocial protective programs should be implicated to address the mental complications.
Can Neutrophil-lymphocyte Ratio Be a Useful Criterion for Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome in the Absence of Leukocytosis?
Authors: Kalelioglu Tevfik , Celikel Guler , Devrim Balaban Ozlem , Karamustafalioglu Nesrin , Kim Penberthy Jennifer
Published: May 2021

Objective: Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare but severe side effect of antipsychotic medication. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a simple marker used to measure systemic inflammation.
Method: In this case report we explore the relationship of inflammation in the etiology of NMS. In our case involving NMS, although there was no leukocytosis, the NLR was increased up to systemic infection levels.
Conclusion: We hypothesized that systemic inflammation may take a role in developing NMS. If so, NLR could be a new marker of NMS that may be able to provide more sensitive results than leukocyte levels.
COVID-19 and Renal Complications in Neonates and Pediatrics
Authors: Bahrami Reza , Neamatzadeh Hossein , Akbarian Elahe
Published: May 2021

The article's abstract is not available.
Current State of Knowledge about Transplacental Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Javaheri Atiyeh , Noorishadkam Mahmood , Mazaheri Mahta , Dadbinpour Ali , Dastgheib Seyed Alireza , Bahrami Reza , Karimi-Zarchi Mojgan , Asadian Fatemeh , Neamatzadeh Hossein
Published: May 2021

Background: To date, some cases of perinatal transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) have been reported. However, it is unanswered if these occurred via the trans-placental or the trans-cervical route or through environmental exposure.
Methods: To address this question, we conducted this study to review the current state of knowledge about the transplacental transmission of COVID-19.
Results: There are no known placental findings associated with the COVID-19 infection. The possibility of intrauterine infection has been based mainly on the detection of IgM in the neonatal blood. Real time-PCR tests on amniotic fluid, placenta, and cord blood are required to ascertain the possibility of intrauterine vertical transmission.
Conclusion: There is currently no sufficient and convincing evidence about the transplacental transmission of SARS-COV-2 infection in pregnant mothers. However, the paucity of placental expression of ACE-2 involved in the cytoplasmic entry of SARS-CoV-2 may explain its relative insensitivity to transplacental infection.
Application of Golden Nanoparticles against Streptococcus Mutans for Prevention of Caries Lesions
Authors: Daliri Karim , Seifi-Shalamzari Neda , Saeida-Ardekani Maryam , Ekraminasab Sedigheh , Neamatzadeh Hossein
Published: May 2021

Background: Dental caries also known as baby bottle tooth decay, is a critical public health problem around the world for which Streptococcus mutans (S.mutans) has been introduced as the main infectious etiology. In the past two decades, nanotechnology has permitted the development of new materials with antimicrobial properties. The aim of this study was to compare the bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects of three golden nanoparticles (SP, NR, and CS) on S.mutans.
Methods: To determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs), a liquid dilution method was applied.
Results: All golden nanoparticles (GNPs) showed antimicrobial activity with no statistically significant differences (> 0.05) in MIC or MBC.
Conclusion: Our findings revealed that the size and shape of the nanoparticles did not significantly affect the antimicrobial properties of the GNPs. This finding might be useful for achieving important clinical effects with reduced toxicity in the management of early childhood caries in future in vivo studies.
A Case Report of Hyperphosphatasia Treated with Pamidronate
Authors: Ali Mirhosseini Naser , Taghiyar Sana , Saatchi Mahdieh
Published: May 2021

Background: Hereditary hyperphosphatasia is a congenital and rare disease with high bone turn over. The disease is defined with extremely elevated alkaline phosphatase levels. Neonates with hyperphosphatasia are normal at birth but develop progressive long bone deformities, fracture, vertebral collapse, skull enlargement due to massively thickened calvarium, and deafness.
Case Presentation: Here, we described a male patient with progressive deformity in limbs and pain during walking that onset of symptoms was from age of two. The patient admitted to the Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Yazd, was born from a non-consanguineous marriage. He was treated with pamidronate until halt of the disease progression and followed up for 18 months.
Conclusion: Bisphosphonate is the treatment of choice for hyperphosphatasia because it can normalize bone turnover, improve growth rates, and skeletal quality.
A Case Report of Familial Chylomicronemia Syndrome
Authors: Ordooei Mahtab , Binesh Fariba , Ashrafi Azam , Ferdosian Farzad , Saeida-Ardekani Maryam
Published: May 2021

Background: Diagnosis of neonatal chylomicronemia, as a very rare condition, is very difficult and usually is diagnosed when acute pancreatitis sets in. Early diagnosis can prevent the complications such as acute pancreatitis and pancreatic necrosis which are associated with the condition.
Case Presentation: A 5.5 month- old female breastfed baby presented to us suffering from splenomegaly because of respiratory infection. Anemia and leukocytosis were seen in laboratory data. The result of bone marrow aspiration (BMA) performed to diagnosis was normal. Following the study, the patient had a high triglyceride, which improved with the treatment of symptoms and blood indices.
Conclusion: Our case reports a rare disorder that was initially admitted with suspicion of malignancy, organomegaly, anemia and leukocytosis. In the course of hospitalization, the diagnosis of malignancy was rejected after BMA, and chylomicronemia was diagnosed and the patient's leukocytosis and high uric acid were eliminated by treatment of the disease and the patient's symptoms were improved.
Models of sedimentation of the Bazhenov High-Carboniferous Formation in the zone of the Tuttleim and Bazhenov Formations
Authors: Khotylev Oleg V. , Gatovsky Yury A. , Balushkina Natalia S. , Kotochkova Yulia A. , Korobova Natalia I. , Fomina Maria M. , Karpova Evgenia V. , Kalmykov Georgy A.
Published: May 2021

A different approach to the typing of the section of the Bazhenov Formation is presented – the identification of the reference section of the Bazhenov high-carbon formation (BHCF). Six packs were distinguished according to lithological and paleontological features, and their general characteristics were given. Also, indicators of the formation conditions are described, that allow to reconstruct the history and evolution of the basin, e. g. tuff and bone-bed horizons, alginate-rich layers, radiolarite layers, spicular limestones and limestones with a «con-in-con» texture, intensely pyritized layers, packs with an abundance of bivalves. Two types of sedimentation models are formed and described: island and intra-basin upland. On the basis of new data and identified features of the paleogeography of the Bazhenov Sea, a general model of the formation of BHCF deposits in the development zone of the Bazhenov and Tutleim formations is proposed.
New G&G Technology Pilot testing and verification: Methodological Recommendations
Authors: Volyanskaya Viktoria V.
Published: May 2021

Development of computer technologies allows not only to optimize the process of geological study of our planet, but also to create fundamentally new approaches in working with large arrays of geological data. This led to the transition of formalization of geological knowledge and information from the descriptive form to the technological one, i.e. aimed at the industrial application of unified approaches. The article explains the concept of “technology” as applied to the Earth sciences (“G&G-technology” – Geology & Geophysics Technology). The example of direct and reverse algorithm of hydrocarbon deposits study is given. Stages of new G&G-technologies creation and change of information content level at each stage of this process bring forward certain requirements when selecting geological objects for testing and verification of the obtained result. The practical example of set of criteria for verification of fracture zones mapping technology is considered and the importance of balance between theoretical, methodological and practical elements of mineral deposits study and modeling is described.
International Rankings of Macro-Social Dynamics
Authors: Vasiliev Vladimir Petrovich
Published: June 2021

The implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals and the Lisbon Strategy sets the task of a comprehensive study of the citizens` well-being, determining the state and trends in the level and quality of life not only by traditional methods of social statistics, but also through comprehensive sociological research. This approach has significant advantages since it allows us to generalize the state of social development of a society based on the population`s opinions, to study the emerging social risks that concern the population, to determine the differentiation of countries by indicators of well-being. The foundations of the new approach to the analysis of social processes were laid by the scientific achievements of the 60s of the last century. The dominant paradigm was the economic goals and parameters of statistically measured national income, household income, wages and their differentiation. The environmental risks that threaten the future of civilization were identified and analyzed in the 70s of the XX century. The production contradiction, which raised the question of measuring the quality of life in a new way, was articulated. The economic component (economic growth) was mixed and replaced with the welfare parameter. The sustainable development, including the indicators of well-being, the fight against poverty, and the environment were declared to be the goals of the society. The tasks of monitoring the solution of these problems are solved by sociological research, whose mathematical formalization can become a structural element of economic and mathematical modeling of social processes.
Coronavirus Deformation of the Value-Semantic Matrix of the Life of the World Community in the Conditions of a Postmodern Society
Authors: Bekh Volodymyr , Vashkevych Viktor , Postol Olena , Kalinichenko Bogdan , Lipin Mykola
Published: June 2021

The range of research on value issues is quite wide today. The transition from understanding values as a philosophical category to a psychological interpretation of the nature of values has led to the emergence of many trends and psychological concepts of value problems. In this study, we will reveal the main modern views of researchers on the essence of the value-semantic matrix of both an individual and the entire world community. The modern socio-economic situation in the world is characterized by an almost permanent crisis state both in the social, and in the spiritual, cultural sphere, which is due to the existence of the consequences of the epidemic situation in the world. Based on this, the problem of teaching the dynamics of the value-semantic matrix, its development and changes under the influence of personality crises of various origins, both external ones caused by the social situation in the country, the impact of new information technologies, and internal ones, caused by growing up, growth, psychological development personality in time and space. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to conduct a theoretical study of the value-semantic sphere as a system that undergoes changes during the crisis periods of a person's life and to investigate the main deformations that have taken place in the Mind of existence of today's post-pandemic reality.
The Inequity of Educational Opportunity During an Epidemic
Authors: Jackson Barry L.
Published: June 2021

Educational opportunity has rarely been truly equal in any society, although modern societies have made enormous efforts to assure greater equality. Inequality in education is most often a consequence of existing social differences which structure opportunity. Those individuals with greater financial resources tend to have a wider range of educational choices and access to a higher standard of educational opportunities than those people with lesser financial means. This situation has become increasingly apparent in the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper discusses those inevitable differences which have exacerbated inequality during this pandemic. Such inequities are examined internationally.
Influence of rashaqa instructions, 2030 on behaviors of female students of departments of home science education and kindergarten, Umm Al-qura University, Makka, Saudi Arabia
Authors:   UMM AL-QURA University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia, Abeer KAA
Published: May 2021

College students’ prosperity advancing and harming behaviors are vital and include numerous parameters as eating and healthy habits. The activities of 185 undergraduate Saudi female university students from departments of Home Science Education (n=82) and Kindergarten (n=103), faculty of Education, UMM AL-QURA University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia were reported. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires. Students in departments exposed to information on proper nutrition and healthy behavior through their learning period at university. Researcher compared differences between students of both departments on eating of breakfast, junk foods, fruits, vegetables, sweets and soft drinks; and healthy habits as brushing teeth, sleeping hours, smoking, sports, engagement in physical activity, duration spent watching TV and interacting on social media. Data were collected from April to October 2019 and compared. Results showed that students in the Department of Home Science Education had significantly higher levels of body mass index (BMI) (P= 0.002), total body weight (P= 0.002) using unpaired student "t" test, significantly higher increase of body weight since beginning of university study (P =0.026), spent significantly more free time watching TV per week days (P =0.013), spent significant more free time on social media at days of week (P =0.002); significantly higher chances of eating supper with their parents (P =0.004) and significantly more sleeping hours (P =0.005) versus those in Kindergarten Department. Skipping breakfast and snack pattern were common among Saudi university students. This study showed insignificant difference in other health related behaviors between students of Home Science Education and Kindergarten departments as eating breakfast during the week (P =0.293), days of eating breakfast (P =0.547), eating fast food during week (P =0.195), days of eating fast food (P =0.666) and bowel problems (P =0.109) using Chi-Square test. There was insignificant difference in fast foods intake (P =0.195), engagement in physical activities (P =0.163), intake of vegetables (P =0.370) and fruits (P =0.876) between students in both departments using Chi-Square test. Results indicated that behaviors to health-related habits are bad among female students of both Home Science Education and Kindergarten departments and this may be due to the fact that students living alone had more difficulties in adapting to healthy diets. These habits require more than having only knowledge about nutrition. A health program is required to elevate awareness and increase good behavior habits among students of Faculty of Education at UMM AL-QURA University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia as they are the future teachers.
Effect of maternal aflatoxin exposure through diet on growth of infants 0 - 3 months in Kisumu county, Kenya
Authors:   P.O Box 3803-40100, Kisumu, Kenya, Obade MI , Andang’o P ,   Maseno University.P.O. Box 333, Maseno-Kenya, Obonyo C ,   Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu. P.O Box 1578, Kisumu, Kenya, Lusweti F ,   Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI). P.O Box 450-30200,Kitale, Kenya
Published: May 2021

Aflatoxins are naturally occurring carcinogenic toxins associated with poor growth outcomes in young children. Although evidence supports mother-to-infant exposure during pregnancy and breastfeeding, evidence of its effect on growth is limited to the period after introduction of complementary foods. It is, therefore, unclear whether early maternal exposure to aflatoxins affects infant growth right from birth. Prevalence of aflatoxin levels of 40% has been observed in Nyanza region, Kenya, and 22.7% of children under 5 years are stunted. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of maternal aflatoxin exposure on growth of infants 0-3 months old in Kisumu County, Kenya. Specific objectives were to: establish association between maternal baseline characteristics and aflatoxin exposure; establish association between infant baseline characteristics at birth and maternal aflatoxin exposure; determine effect of maternal aflatoxin exposure on infant growth indicators at 3 months of age. Out of 553 pregnant women who were screened for aflatoxin exposure, 137 exposed and 137 non-exposed women, matched for age and household income, participated in an 8-month cohort study. The women were followed up to delivery and their infants up to 3 months after delivery. Infant length and weight data was collected monthly. Length-for-age (LAZ), weight-for-length (WLZ)) and weight-for-age (WAZ) z-scores were generated. Aflatoxin levels were analyzed using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) in parts per billion (ppb). Effects of aflatoxin on infant growth outcomes were assessed using multi-variate linear and logistic regression. Effect of maternal aflatoxin exposure on infant length, weight, LAZ, WLZ, WAZ was determined using Cox regression with constant time at risk. Infants of exposed women had lower weight (95% CI:-0.85,-0.53), length (95% CI: -4.08, -3.36), LAZ (95% CI: -1.93, -1.16) and WAZ (95% CI:-1.03, -0.54) at 3 months of age, but there was no difference in WLZ (95% CI:-0.03, 0.74). Risk for stunting was higher in infants of exposed women (RR=4.08; 95% CI: 1.35, 12.29). There was no difference in the risk for underweight (RR=6.61; 95% CI: 0.80-54.33) and wasting (RR=0.37; 95% CI: 0.40, 3.39, P=0.38).These results underpin the need to reduce aflatoxin exposure in infants and young children who are very vulnerable.