bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CD8+ Effector T Cell Migration to Pancreatic Islet Grafts Is Dependent on Cognate Antigen Presentation by Donor Graft Cells
Authors: Zhang Qianqian , Dai Hehua , Yatim Karim M. , Abou-Daya Khodor , Williams Amanda L. , Oberbarnscheidt Martin H. , Camirand Geoffrey , Rudd Christopher E. , Lakkis Fadi G.
Published: June 2016

Pancreatic islet transplantation is a promising therapy for diabetes, but acute rejection of the islets by host effector T cells has hindered clinical application. In this study, we addressed the mechanisms of CD8+ effector T cell migration to islet grafts because interrupting this step is key to preventing rejection. We found that effector T cell migration to revascularized islet transplants in mice is dependent on non-self Ag recognition rather than signaling via Gαi-coupled chemokine receptors. Presentation of non-self Ag by donor cells was necessary for migration, whereas Ag presentation by recipient cells was dispensable. We also observed that deficiency of SKAP1, an immune cell adaptor downstream of the TCR and important for integrin activation, prolongs allograft survival but does not reduce effector T cell migration to the graft. Therefore, effector T cell migration to transplanted islets is Ag driven, not chemokine driven, but SKAP1 does not play a critical role in this process.
ZBTB32 Restricts the Duration of Memory B Cell Recall Responses
Authors: Jash Arijita , Wang Yinan , Weisel Florian J. , Scharer Christopher D. , Boss Jeremy M. , Shlomchik Mark J. , Bhattacharya Deepta
Published: June 2016

Memory B cell responses are more rapid and of greater magnitude than are primary Ab responses. The mechanisms by which these secondary responses are eventually attenuated remain unknown. We demonstrate that the transcription factor ZBTB32 limits the rapidity and duration of Ab recall responses. ZBTB32 is highly expressed by mouse and human memory B cells but not by their naive counterparts. Zbtb32−/− mice mount normal primary Ab responses to T-dependent Ags. However, Zbtb32−/− memory B cell–mediated recall responses occur more rapidly and persist longer than do control responses. Microarray analyses demonstrate that Zbtb32−/− secondary bone marrow plasma cells display elevated expression of genes that promote cell cycle progression and mitochondrial function relative to wild-type controls. BrdU labeling and adoptive transfer experiments confirm more rapid production and a cell-intrinsic survival advantage of Zbtb32−/− secondary plasma cells relative to wild-type counterparts. ZBTB32 is therefore a novel negative regulator of Ab recall responses.
A first phylogenetic appraisal of two allied genera of Afrotropical Ceratocanthinae: Melanophilharmostes and Pseudopterorthochaetes (Coleoptera: Hybosoridae)
Authors: Ballerio Alberto
Published: June 2016

Two genera of Ceratocanthinae (Coleoptera Scarabaeoidea Hybosoridae), Melanophilharmostes Paulian, 1968 and Pseudopterorthochaetes Paulian, 1977, are evaluated through a cladistic morphological approach, resulting in the transfer of Melanophilharmostes demirei Paulian, 1977 to Pseudopterorthochaetes. All species are catalogued and all except two are keyed. Three new species are described: Melanophilharmostes poggii n. sp. from Annobon island (Ecuatorial Guinea), Pseudopterorthochaetes genierorum n. sp. and P. miomboincola n. sp., both from Mozambique. Melanophilharmostes zicsii (Paulian, 1968) is recorded for the first time for Burkina Faso, marking the northernmost record for African Ceratocanthinae. The records in Sudanian savannas and Miombo woodlands extend the ecological range of the subfamily.
Notes on the genus Abantis Hopffer, 1855 with description of two new species (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae, Pyrginae)
Authors: Belcastro Claudio , Oremans Philippe
Published: June 2016

The Afrotropical genus Abantis Hopffer, 1855 includes about 23 species so far, all quite rare. In Evans’ Catalogue of the African Hesperiidae only 14 species were listed but, apart from a few newly discovered ones, some of the subspecies indicated over there have subsequently been raised to species level, although they look very similar in facies with previously recognised taxa. This article shows the presence of an unrecognised species similar to A. lucretia Druce, 1909 in West Africa, namely A. fabiana sp. n., and another one similar to both A. contigua Evans, 1937 and A. elegantula Mabille, 1890 in Central Africa, namely A. torbeni sp. n. The rarity in collections of almost all forest-dwelling Abantis spp. is reported as connected to their habit of flying high in the forest canopy, but the authors have no conclusive evidence of it. Most Abantis are hill-toppers, mud lovers and are attracted by dead animals (fish and turtles), although some of them are also flower-visiting.
New data on Palaearctic Xantholinini. 9°. Three new Mediterranean species of Xantholinus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) [258th contribution to the knowledge of the Staphylinidae]
Authors: Bordoni Arnaldo
Published: June 2016

Xantholinus syriacus sp. n., X. tronqueti sp. n. from Syria and X. apterus sp. n. from Algeria are described and figured.
Treatise on Zoology – Anatomy, Taxonomy, Biology. The Myriapoda. Vol. 2.
Authors: Zapparoli Marzio
Published: June 2016

not required
Dependence of the ray transference of model eyes on the frequency of light
Authors: Evans Tanya , Harris William F.
Published: June 2016

The transference defines the first-order character of an optical system; almost all the system’s optical properties can be calculated from it. It is useful, therefore, to have some idea of how it depends on the frequency of light. We examine the dependence for two Gaussian eyes. It turns out to be nearly linear for all four fundamental properties. The result is an equation for the dependence of the transference on frequency which is almost symplectic. We also transform the transference into Hamiltonian space, obtain equations for the least-squares straight line for the three independent transformed properties and map them back to the group of transferences. The result is an equation for the dependence of the transference on frequency which is exactly symplectic and therefore representative of an optical system. The results may approximate those of real eyes and give estimates of the dependence of almost all optical properties on frequency.Keywords: ray transference; frequency; symplecticity
Lived experiences of student nurses caring for intellectually disabled people in a public psychiatric institution
Authors: Temane Annie , Simelane Lizzie , Poggenpoel Marie , Myburgh C.P.H.
Published: June 2016

Background: Caring for intellectually disabled people can be demanding for student nurses who are novices in the nursing profession. To ensure that quality nursing care is provided, student nurses should have an understanding of and a positive attitude towards intellectually disabled people. Nursing intellectually disabled people can be a challenge for the student nurses. Therefore, student nurses need to be able to deal with challenges of caring for intellectually disabled people.Objective: This article aims to explore and describe experiences of student nurses caring for intellectually disabled people in a public psychiatric institution.Design and method: A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual research design was used. Data were collected through individual in-depth phenomenological interviews, naïve sketches and field notes. Thematic analysis was utilised to analyse the collected data. Results were contextualised within the literature and measures to ensure trustworthiness were adhered to. Ethical principals were also applied throughout the research process.Results: Five themes emerged from the data. Student nurses experienced a profoundly unsettling impact on their whole being when caring for intellectually disabled people; they developed a sense of compassion and a new way of looking at life, and experienced a need for certain physical, mental and spiritual needs to be met.Conclusion: From the results, it is evident that student nurses were challenged in caring for intellectually disabled people. However, they developed a sense of awareness that intellectually disabled people have a need to be cared for like any other person.Keywords: experiences, student nurses, caring, intellectually disabled people, public psychiatric institution
The theological significance of the Isaiah citation in Mark 4:12
Authors: Nagel Peter
Published: June 2016

The well-known passage Mark 4:1–34 is no stranger to New Testament scientific scrutiny, not to even mention the hotly debated phrases in Mark 4:10–12. To avoid repetition, the aim with this article is to determine the extent of the impact the Isaiah 6:9–10 citation in Mark 4:12 might have had on the interpretation and understanding of Mark 4:1–34 and the Gospel as a whole. The theory is that the citation in Mark 4:12, especially within Mark 4:1–34, is foundational for understanding the Markan gospel as a ‘parable’. Moreover, the redactional inclusion of the concept of ‘the Twelve’ will prove to be a vital contribution in understanding the Markan gospel as a ‘parable’. Arguing this theory will include evaluating the parable theory in Mark 4:10–12, followed by determining the interpretative effect the explicit citation in Mark 4:12 had on Mark 4:10–12 and its larger literary context (Mk. 4:1–34). This will be followed by concluding remarks and suggestions.Keywords: Parable theory; Mark 4:12; Isaiah 6:9-10; The Twelve; Mark 4:1-34;
What light does Matthew’s use of Mark in Matthew 1–4 throw on Matthew’s theological location?
Authors: Loader William
Published: June 2016

This article approaches the issue of Matthew’s theological context by examining Matthew’s use of Mark, including through redaction and supplementation, in Matthew 1–4. This is undertaken in two parts: Matthew 1–2, which is largely additional material, and Matthew 3–4, followed by a concluding assessment. Issues addressed or alluded to in these chapters frequently find resonance in the remainder of Matthew’s gospel and so give important clues about Matthew’s concerns and their relevance for understanding its context. Such issues include the importance of messiahship; continuity with Israel, but also with John the Baptist and the Church; defence against slander; heightened christological claims; soteriology; Gentile mission; the status of Torah; and Jesus as judge to come. The article suggests a location within a Jewish religious context with a Jewish self-understanding, separate from the synagogue, but claiming to belong where its opponents would claim it did not; and a Christian tradition where the approach of ‘Q’ to Torah is upheld in contrast to Mark’s, while embracing and expanding Mark’s Christology and restoring the common understanding of Gentile mission as a post- Easter phenomenon.
RETRACTED: Literacy lessons learnt from parents after attending a seven-week Home-School Partnership Programme
Authors: Cozett Dawn , Condy Janet
Published: June 2016

No abstract available.

Editorial expression of concern: The editor and publisher express a note of concern regarding this article “Literacy lessons learnt from parents after attending a seven-week Home-School Partnership Programme,” by Dowan Cozett and Janet Condy. It appears to be a duplicate publication triggered in the editorial office.

Kindly note that a retraction notice has been published for this article. See here; http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajce.v6i1.474

 
Employing a multifocal view of ECD curriculum development at a rural settlement community in South Africa: Themes from a ‘design by implementation’ early childhood education programme
Authors: Brink Sonja
Published: June 2016

Early childhood curriculum development is challenged by the vast contextual variability of sites in South Africa. In this article, the author reports on the implementation of an early childhood development programme at an informal rural settlement community by an external societal agent. The article looks at the complex dynamics at play within such an early education development situation and examines the main themes that emerged from the process. Referring to the tensions that emanated from the implementation of this programme as a positive driver for change, it concludes that the employment of participatory methodologies could be utilised as a curriculum development tool and calls for the employment of a less formulaic and more holistic view of early childhood development.

Keywords: Participatory action research; rural community development; curriculum development
Strategies for the implementation of mathematics in Grade R: Teachers’ beliefs and practices
Authors: Barnard Elna , Braund Martin
Published: June 2016

Concerns have been expressed about the quality of teaching and learning in Grade R (reception) classrooms in South Africa. In mathematics, learning outcomes are said to be particularly limited, especially in poorer provinces of the country (Department of Performance, Monitoring and Evaluation [DPME] 2012). The study reported in this article explored the perceptions and beliefs on teaching mathematics in Grade R, compared with actual classroom practices, of selected teachers in a range of schools and Early Childhood Development Centres in the Eastern Cape. Sixteen teachers took part in focus group meetings, and outcomes were analysed according to Northcutt and McCoy’s ‘Interactive Qualitative Analysis’ method (2004). Themes emerging from analysis were used to construct interview questions and guide observations of Grade R mathematics teaching for nine selected teachers. Findings show that teachers from different contexts have similar perceptions and beliefs about teaching mathematics in grade R but that often their observed practices do not match how they perceive and value Grade R teaching. In the analysis of lesson videos, we identify a number of ‘silent themes’ revealing teachers’ true actions, enabling us to comment on development and training needed to reach the goals of the intended mathematics curriculum for Grade R.

Keywords: Grade R Mathematics; play; developmentally appropriate; intended curriculum; enacted curriculum
Pulmonary impairment after tuberculosis in a South African population
Authors: Cole Gibwa , Miller Duncan , Ebrahim Tasneem , Dreyden Tannith , Simpson Rory , Manie Shamila
Published: June 2016

Background: In South Africa, pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) remains a problem of epidemic proportions. Despite evidence demonstrating persistent lung impairment after PTB cure, few population-based South African studies have investigated this finding. Pulmonary rehabilitation post-cure is not routinely received.Objectives: To determine the effects of PTB on lung function in adults with current or past PTB. To determine any association between PTB and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: This study was observational and cross-sectional in design. Participants (n = 55) were included if they were HIV positive on treatment, had current PTB and were on treatment, and/or had previous PTB and completed treatment or if they were healthy adult subjects with no history of PTB. A sample of convenience was used with participants coming from a similar socio-economic background and undergoing spirometry testing. Multiple regression analyses were conducted on each lung function variable.Results: Compared to normal percentage-predicted values, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1 ), forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1 :FVC were significantly reduced in those with current PTB by 23.39%, 15.99% and 6.4%, respectively. Both FEV1 and FVC were significantly reduced in those with past PTB by 11.76% and 10.79%, respectively. There was no association between PTB and COPD – those with previous PTB having a reduced FEV1 :FVC (4.88% less than the norm), which was just short of significance (p = 0.059).Conclusions: Lung function is reduced both during and after treatment for PTB and these deficits may persist. This has implications regarding the need for pulmonary rehabilitation even after medical cure.Keywords: Lung function, pulmonary, tuberculosis
Primary intracranial dural-based Ewing sarcoma/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor mimicking a meningioma: A rare tumor with review of literature
Authors: Kumar Vikul , Singh Anshu , Sharma Vivek , Kumar Mohan
Published: June 2016

Ewing sarcoma/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (ES/pPNET) is a malignant small, round cell tumor arising from bone and soft tissue in children and young adults. It can occur at osseous and extraosseous sites. Its usual locations are diaphysis of long bones followed by pelvis, ribs, vertebrae, and rarely skull. We reviewed the literature and PubMed advanced search on ES/pPNET occurring at extraosseous sites, mainly involving the central nervous system (CNS). We reported a case of a 22-year-old male presenting with seizure finally diagnosed as a case of ES/pPNET. The challenges in management of this rare CNS tumor and its differential diagnosis are highlighted. We found that most cases of ES involving CNS represent secondary metastases from extracranial sites of ES/pPNET and there are rare case reports of primary intracranial ES-pPNET. Furthermore, among these intracranial tumors, most common tumors occupy an intraaxial location and only a handful of cases of dural-based or extraaxial tumors mimicking meningioma are reported. Differentiation of pPNET from central PNET (cPNET) is important as it has definitive therapeutic and prognostic implications. Awareness of this entity of ES/pPNET, its rare dural presentation, and differentiation from the more common cPNET is needed for appropriate patient management. Meningeal ES/pPNET has to be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of meningeal tumors eroding bone.
Subcutaneous schwannoma in the head region
Authors: Eroglu Umit , Yakar Fatih , Zaimoglu Murat , Sayaci Emre , Ozgural Onur , Dogan İhsan , Ugur Hasan
Published: June 2016

Schwannoma is a benign neural tumor derived from Schwann cells surrounding the nerves. It occurs primarily in subcutaneous tissues and muscles with a tendency for distal extremities, head, and neck area. Treatment of schwannoma is surgical excision. Lipomas are the most common soft-tissue lesions. A case is presented to increase awareness on differential diagnosis of head and neck subcutaneous masses.
Skull base bony lesions: Management nuances; a retrospective analysis from a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Singh Amit , Srivastava Arun , Sardhara Jayesh , Bhaisora Kamlesh , Das Kuntal , Mehrotra Anant , Sahu Rabi , Jaiswal Awadhesh , Behari Sanjay
Published: June 2016

Background: Skull base lesions are not uncommon, but their management has been challenging for surgeons. There is large no of bony tumors at the skull base which has not been studied in detail as a group. These tumors are difficult not only because of their location but also due to their variability in the involvement of important local structure. Through this retrospective analysis from a Tertiary Care Centre, we are summarizing the details of skull base bony lesions and its management nuances. Materials and Methods: The histopathologically, radiologically, and surgically proven cases of skull base bony tumors or lesions involving bone were analyzed from the neurosurgery, neuropathology record of our Tertiary Care Institute from January 2009 to January 2014. All available preoperative and postoperative details were noted from their case files. The extent of excision was ascertained from operation records and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging if available. Results: We have surgically managed 41 cases of skull base bony tumors. It includes 11 patients of anterior skull base, 13 middle skull base, and 17 posterior skull base bony tumors. The most common bony tumor was chordoma 15 (36.6%), followed by fibrous dysplasia 5 (12.2%), chondrosarcoma (12.2%), and ewings sarcoma-peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (EWS-pPNET) five cases (12.2%) each. There were more malignant lesions (n = 29, 70.7%) at skull base than benign (n = 12, 29.3%) lesions. The surgical approach employed depended on location of tumor and pathology. Total mortality was 8 (20%) of whom 5 patients were of histological proven EWS-pPNET. Conclusions: Bony skull base lesion consists of wide variety of lesions, and requires multispecialty management. The complex lesions required tailored approaches surgery of these lesions. With the advent of microsurgical and endoscopic techniques, and use of navigation better outcomes are being seen, but these lesions require further study for development of proper management plan.
Pure intra-optic canal schwannoma: Report of two cases
Authors: Miyamura Sayuru , Yamaguchi Satoshi , Takeda Masaaki , Mitsuhara Takafumi , Hosogai Masahiro , Sugiyama Kazuhiko , Kurisu Kaoru
Published: June 2016

We report two cases of “pure intra-optic-canal schwannoma.” The first patient was a 67-year-old female who presented with a visual field defect and visual impairment in the right eye, and the second patient was a 17-year-old female with progressive visual impairment. Both patients underwent tumor resection through frontotemporal craniotomy combined with extradural anterior clinoidectomy and unroofing of the optic canal. The tumors were not attached to the optic nerve (ON) and were located exclusively inside the optic canal. In both cases, the histological diagnosis was schwannoma. Although the origin of pure intra-optic-canal schwannoma is controversial, intra-operative findings suggested that in these cases, the tumors arose from the sympathetic nerve around the ON.
Concurrent multilevel spinal intra-medullary with extensive intracranial tuberculomas: A rare case report
Authors: Krishnan Shyam , Patel Bhavinkumar , Vasudevan Madabushi
Published: June 2016

Disseminated tuberculomas in the brain and spinal cord are rare. To the best of our knowledge, only nine cases of spinal intra-medullary tuberculomas with cranial involvement have been reported till date. However, involvement of all levels in the spinal cord, brain stem with pan lobar involvement of the cerebrum and cerebellum has not been reported so far. We present such a case of a 12-year-old boy with history of pulmonary tuberculosis, who presented with gradual onset of quadriparesis and generalized seizures. We have discussed the unusual clinical presentation and the temporal changes in magnetic resonance imaging features along with clinical response to treatment. In cases reported so far, the plan of surgical versus medical management has been opted for variably, in cases of spinal intra-medullary involvement with acute neurological deficit. The decision is even more difficult in multilevel spinal intra-medullary tuberculomas. Our patient showed good clinico-radiological improvement with medical management.
Drug-Induced QT Interval Prolongation in Children: Are the Kids Alright?
Authors: Tisdale James E
Published: June 2016

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Mycobacterium abscessus Lung Infection: A Case Report
Authors: Wang Pan Pan , Bray Charles-André , Grandjean Lapierre Simon , Soualhine Hafid , Arbour Fanny
Published: June 2016

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DPP-4 Inhibitors: The Seinfeld of Oral Antihyperglycemics
Authors: Barry Arden R , Turgeon Ricky D
Published: June 2016

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Stability of Ertapenem 100 mg/mL at Room Temperature
Authors: Kuti Joseph L , Nicolau David P , Walker Scott E , Iazzetta John , Perks William , Law (Response) Shirley
Published: June 2016

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Infectious Disease Pharmacotherapy Self Assessment
Authors: Nishi Cesilia
Published: June 2016

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La SCPH — un organisme de bénévoles
Authors: Millin Bruce
Published: June 2016

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CSHP—An Organization of Volunteers
Authors: Millin Bruce
Published: June 2016

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Aspects of Slovenian musicians’ activity in the musical life of Austro-Hungarian Sarajevo (1878–1918)
Authors: Paćuka Lana
Published: June 2016

The paper provides a concise insight into the activity of Slovenian musicians residing in Sarajevo during the Austro-Hungarian administration. Besides the Slovenian musicians’ activities at the collective level, the paper discusses their individual endeavours and also endeavours from perspective of guest artists. Guest Slovenian artists such as Slovenian opera, was one of the most renowned ensemble that visited Austro-Hungarian Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Matjaž Barbo: Meaning in Music and Music in Meaning
Authors: Snoj Jurij
Published: June 2016

Although it is not expressed in the title, this new book by professor Matjaž Barbo deals with the aesthetics of music; its chapters discuss classical topics of musical aesthetics, emphasizing to some extent issues that have dominated recent philosophical discourse on music.
The Oxford Handbook of Applied Ethnomusicology
Authors: Talam Jasmina
Published: June 2016

In July 2015, Oxford University Press published a substantial volume titled The Oxford Handbook of Applied Ethnomusicology, co-edited by two eminent ethnomusicologists, Svanibor Pettan and Jeff Todd Titon. The book is an impressive collection of different approaches in applied ethnomusicology, developed through a combination of ethnographic research (personal experiences and fieldwork in different parts of the world) and contemporary scholarship.
Parodične maše v Hrenovih kornih knjigah
Authors: Grabnar Klemen
Published: June 2016

Hrenove korne knjige so zbirka šestih dobro ohranjenih velikih kodeksov iz začetka 17. stoletja, ki jih danes hrani Rokopisna zbirka Narodne in univerzitetne knjižnice v Ljubljani (SI-Lnr, Mss 339–344). Kdaj so rokopisi postali del knjižnega fonda v Ljubljani, ni znano, a najverjetneje po reformah Jožefa II. konec 18. stoletja, ko je bil pridobljen škofijski arhiv iz Gornjega Grada (knjižnica se je tedaj imenovala Lyceal Bibliothek). Obravnavani kodeksi so v folijskem formatu in obsegajo do 591 folijev. Napisani so na kakovostnem papirju, večinoma nepoškodovanem zaradi korozije, ki ga povzroča tinta, in drugih dejavnikov, zato so foliji domala v celoti čitljivi. Vse knjige, razen ene (342), imajo ohranjeno izvirno vezavo v belo usnje prek lesene opore, le ena (Ms 339) je vezana v rjavo usnje. Platnice so dekorirane s slepimi odtisi na zelo podoben način.
On the Paths of Béla Bartók’s Modernism Followers and Companions: Josip Slavenski and Marko Tajčević
Authors: Tomašević Katarina
Published: June 2016

The main aim of this paper is to re-examine the modalities of Béla Bartók’s influence as a composer during the first half of the 20th century to the main, dominantly “nationally oriented style” in the former Yugoslavia, focusing on two of Bartók’s somewhat younger contemporaries – the composers Josip Slavenski (1896–1955) and Marko Tajčević (1900–1984), prominent representatives of European interwar musical modernism.
Joropo v venezuelski glasbeni moderni: kulturni kapital v skladbi Sonata Venezolana Joséja Clementeja Laye
Authors: Rebeca Pedroza Ludim
Published: June 2016

Venezuelska Šola nacionalne moderne (Escuela Nacional Moderna) iz 30-ih in 40-ih let 20. stoletja je imela ljudski ples joropo za polnokrvno sredstvo glasbenega izraza, ki je zahteval pozornost umetniške avtonomije. Sonata Venezolana Joséja Clementeja Laye (1946) prikazuje, kako so skladatelji okvir sonatne oblike preoblikovali z glasbeno navzočnostjo joropa.
»ČAS SEM, KI ODHAJA ...« V spomin na Katarino Bedina
Authors: Bergamo Marija
Published: June 2016

Verz iz naslova – verz Mirka Kovača – posreduje generacijsko občutenje lastnega položaja v obdobju poslavljanja. Iz podobnega občutenja sledi nekaj misli, ki bi jih rada zabeležila ob odhodu kolegice in dolgoletne sopotnice v stroki. Tvegam zagrešiti preoseben pogled na pretekli čas, vendar samo takega zmorem. Izkušnja mi kaže, da z vsakim strokovnim prispevkom – enako kot z gesto, pogledom, obnašanjem – pravzaprav govorimo o sebi. Kdaj pravzaprav govorimo o drugem?
Funkcionalna narava kadenčnega kvartsekstakorda
Authors: Ninov Dimitar
Published: June 2016

Prispevek predstavlja idejo, da kadenčni kvart­sekstakord ni zgolj dominanta z dvema akordu tujima tonoma, ampak edinstven bi-funkcijski akord, ki pooseblja boj med toniko in dominanto. Takšen koncept omogoča razlago vseh mogočnih pojavnih oblik tega akorda v glasbeni literaturi.
Role of OH variability in the stalling of the global atmospheric CH4 growth rate from 1999 to 2006
Authors: McNorton Joe , Chipperfield Martyn P. , Gloor Manuel , Wilson Chris , Feng Wuhu , Hayman Garry D. , Rigby Matt , Krummel Paul B. , O'Doherty Simon , Prinn Ronald G. , Weiss Ray F. , Young Dickon , Dlugokencky Ed , Montzka Steve A.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The growth in atmospheric methane (CH4) concentrations over the past 2 decades has shown large variability on a timescale of several years. Prior to 1999 the globally averaged CH4 concentration was increasing at a rate of 6.0 ppb yr−1, but during a stagnation period from 1999 to 2006 this growth rate slowed to 0.6 ppb yr−1. From 2007 to 2009 the growth rate again increased to 4.9 ppb yr−1. These changes in growth rate are usually ascribed to variations in CH4 emissions. We have used a 3-D global chemical transport model, driven by meteorological reanalyses and variations in global mean hydroxyl (OH) concentrations derived from CH3CCl3 observations from two independent networks, to investigate these CH4 growth variations. The model shows that between 1999 and 2006 changes in the CH4 atmospheric loss contributed significantly to the suppression in global CH4 concentrations relative to the pre-1999 trend. The largest factor in this is relatively small variations in global mean OH on a timescale of a few years, with minor contributions of atmospheric transport of CH4 to its sink region and of atmospheric temperature. Although changes in emissions may be important during the stagnation period, these results imply a smaller variation is required to explain the observed CH4 trends. The contribution of OH variations to the renewed CH4 growth after 2007 cannot be determined with data currently available.
Detection of water vapour absorption around 363 nm in measured atmospheric absorption spectra and its effect on DOAS evaluations
Authors: Lampel Johannes , Pöhler Denis , Polyansky Oleg L. , Kyuberis Aleksandra A. , Zobov Nikolai F. , Tennyson Jonathan , Lodi Lorenzo , Frieß Udo , Wang Yang , Beirle Steffen , Platt Ulrich , Wagner Thomas
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Water vapour is known to absorb radiation from the microwave region to the blue part of the visible spectrum at a decreasing efficiency. Ab-initio approaches to model individual absorption lines of the gaseous water molecule predict absorption lines until its dissociation limit at 243 nm. We present first evidence of water vapour absorption near 363 nm from field measurements using data from Multi-Axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) and Longpath (LP)-DOAS measurements. The identification of the absorptions was based on the recent POKAZATEL line list by Polyansky et al. (2016). We observed absorption by water vapour at 363 nm with optical depths of up to 2 × 10−3. It correlates well with simultaneously measured well-established water vapour absorptions in the blue spectral range from 452–499 nm (R2 = 0.89), but the line intensities are underestimated by a factor of 2.6 ± 0.5 by the ab-initio model. At a spectral resolution of 0.5 nm, we derive a maximum cross-section value of 2.7 × 10−27 cm2 molec−1 at 362.3 nm. The newly found absorption can have a significant impact on the spectral retrieval of absorbing trace-gas species in the spectral range around 363 nm. Its effect on the spectral analysis of O4, HONO and OClO is discussed.
Modelling bi-directional fluxes of methanol and acetaldehyde with the FORCAsT canopy exchange model
Authors: Ashworth Kirsti , Chung Serena H. , McKinney Karena A. , Liu Ying , Munger Bill J. , Martin Scot T. , Steiner Allison L.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The FORCAsT canopy exchange model was used to investigate the underlying mechanisms governing foliage emissions of methanol and acetaldehyde, two short chain oxygenated volatile organic compounds ubiquitous in the troposphere and known to have strong biogenic sources, at a northern mid-latitude forest site. The explicit representation of the vegetation canopy within the model allowed us to test the hypothesis that stomatal conductance regulates emissions of these compounds to an extent that its influence is observable at the ecosystem-scale, a process not currently considered in regional or global scale atmospheric chemistry models. We found that FORCAsT could only reproduce the magnitude and diurnal profiles of methanol and acetaldehyde fluxes measured at the top of the forest canopy at Harvard Forest if light-dependent emissions were introduced to the model. With the inclusion of such emissions FORCAsT was able to successfully simulate the observed bi-directional exchange of methanol and acetaldehyde. Although we found evidence that stomatal conductance influences methanol fluxes and concentrations at scales beyond the leaf-level, particularly at dawn and dusk, we were able to adequately capture ecosystem exchange without the addition of stomatal control to the standard parameterisations of foliage emissions, suggesting that ecosystem fluxes can be well enough represented by the emissions models currently used.
Summer fluxes of methane and carbon dioxide from a pond and floating mat in a continental Canadian peatland
Authors: Burger Magdalena , Berger Sina , Spangenberg Ines , Blodau Christian
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Ponds smaller than 10 000 m2 likely account for about one-third of the global lake perimeter. The release of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) from these ponds is often high and significant on the landscape scale. We measured CO2 and CH4 fluxes in a temperate peatland in southern Ontario, Canada, in summer 2014 along a transect from the open water of a small pond (847 m2) towards the surrounding floating mat (5993 m2) and in a peatland reference area. We used a high-frequency closed chamber technique and distinguished between diffusive and ebullitive CH4 fluxes. CH4 fluxes and CH4 bubble frequency increased from a median of 0.14 (0.00 to 0.43) mmol m−2 h−1 and 4 events m−2 h−1 on the open water to a median of 0.80 (0.20 to 14.97) mmol m−2 h−1 and 168 events m−2 h−1 on the floating mat. The mat was a summer hot spot of CH4 emissions. Fluxes were 1 order of magnitude higher than at an adjacent peatland site. During daytime the pond was a net source of CO2 equivalents to the atmosphere amounting to 0.13 (−0.02 to 1.06) g CO2 equivalents m−2 h−1, whereas the adjacent peatland site acted as a sink of −0.78 (−1.54 to 0.29) g CO2 equivalents m−2 h−1. The photosynthetic CO2 uptake on the floating mat did not counterbalance the high CH4 emissions, which turned the floating mat into a strong net source of 0.21 (−0.11 to 2.12) g CO2 equivalents m−2 h−1. This study highlights the large small-scale variability of CH4 fluxes and CH4 bubble frequency at the peatland–pond interface and the importance of the often large ecotone areas surrounding small ponds as a source of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere.
Response of water vapour D-excess to land-atmosphere interactions in a semi-arid environment
Authors: Parkes Stephen D. , McCabe Matthew F. , Griffiths Alan D. , Wang Lixin , Chambers Scott , Ershadi Ali , Williams Alastair G , Strauss Josiah , Element Adrian
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The stable isotopic composition of water vapour provides information about moisture sources and processes that is difficult to obtain with traditional measurement techniques. Recently, it has been proposed that the D-excess (dv = δ2H − 8 × δ18O) of water vapour can provide a diagnostic tracer of continental moisture recycling. However, D-excess exhibits a diurnal cycle that has been observed across a variety of ecosystems and may be influenced by a range of processes beyond regional scale moisture recycling, including local evaporation (ET) fluxes. There is a lack of measurements of D-excess in evaporation (ET) fluxes, which has made it difficult to assess how ET fluxes modify the D-excess in water vapour (dv). With this in mind, we employed a chamber based approach to directly measure D-excess in ET (dET) fluxes. We show that ET fluxes imposed a negative forcing on the ambient vapour and could not explain the higher daytime dv values. The low dET observed here was sourced from a soil water pool that had undergone an extended drying period, leading to low D-excess of the soil moisture. A strong correlation between daytime dv and locally measured relative humidity was consistent with an oceanic moisture source, suggesting that remote hydrological processes were the major contributor to daytime dv variability. During the early evening, ET fluxes into a shallow nocturnal inversion layer caused a lowering of the dv values near the surface. In addition, transient mixing of vapour with a higher D-excess from above the nocturnal inversion modified these values, causing large within night variability. These results indicate dET can generally be expected to show large spatial and temporal variability and to depend on the soil moisture state. For long periods between rain events, common in semi-arid environments, ET would be expected to impose negative forcing on the surface dv. The variability of D-excess in ET fluxes therefore needs to be considered when using dv to study moisture recycling and during extended dry periods may act as a tracer of the relative humidity of the oceanic moisture source.
The Stochastic Calculus Reformulation of Data Assimilation: on Scale
Authors: Liu Feng , Li Xin
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The understanding of uncertainties in Earth observations and simulations has been hindered by the spatial scale problem. In addition, errors caused by spatial scale change are an important part of uncertainty in data assimilation (DA). However, these uncertainties exceed the abilities of current theory. We attempted to address these problems. First, measure theory was used to propose a mathematical definition such that spatial scale is the function output of a measure given that its referential element and representative region are confirmed, and then the Jacobian matrix was used to describe the change of scale. Second, the scale-dependent variable was defined to further consider the heterogeneities. Last, under the Bayesian framework of DA, the scale-dependent uncertainty was studied based on stochastic calculus. The result formulated the scale-dependent error in DA. If we restrict the scale to a one-dimensional variable, the variation range of this type of error is proportional to the scale gap. Furthermore, assuming the observation operator is stochastic, we developed an example by introducing the stochastic radiative transfer equation. The new methodology will extend the recognition of the uncertainty in DA and may be able to address the scale problem.
Muddying the Waters: The Downstream Implications of Wal-Mart v. Dukes for Medical Monitoring Class Actions in Missouri
Authors: Guthrie Rachel D.
Published: June 2016

In 2011, in Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes, the United States Supreme Court heightened scrutiny of class certification under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure (FRCP) 23(a)(2)'s commonality requirement and imposed a strict injunctive standard for relief sought under FRCP Rule 23(b)(2). In 2007, the Missouri Supreme Court followed several other states in acknowledging that claimants tortiously exposed to toxins may seek medical monitoring for latent disease in a class action. Although state courts are not bound by federal procedural rules, class actions increasingly invoke federal jurisdiction, and this Article attempts to analyze the likely implications of Dukes for toxic exposure class actions. Further, using Missouri as a benchmark, this Article provides suggestions for bolstering the chances of recovery for toxic exposure claimants facing removal to federal courts.
III. EL DESMONTAJE DE LA ARQUITECTURA UTÓPICA: DEL DESENCANTO AL DESARME
Authors: Braga Erika
Published: June 2016

DERROTA, MELANCOLÍA Y DESARME EN LA LITERATURA LATINOAMERICANA DE LAS ÚLTIMAS DÉCADAS
IV. LAS ESCRITURAS DEL FIN: APOCALIPSIS, POSAPOCALIPSIS Y VACÍO
Authors: Braga Erika
Published: June 2016

DERROTA, MELANCOLÍA Y DESARME EN LA LITERATURA LATINOAMERICANA DE LAS ÚLTIMAS DÉCADAS
WITHDRAWN: HACIA UNA (EST)ÉTICA DEL POSAPOCALIPSIS EN LA NARRATIVA ARGENTINA POSDICTATORIAL
Authors: Oeyen Annelies
Published: June 2016

DERROTA, MELANCOLÍA Y DESARME EN LA LITERATURA LATINOAMERICANA DE LAS ÚLTIMAS DÉCADAS
V. RESEÑAS
Authors: Braga Erika
Published: June 2016

DERROTA, MELANCOLÍA Y DESARME EN LA LITERATURA LATINOAMERICANA DE LAS ÚLTIMAS DÉCADAS
I. Propuestas locales ante el forum independentista del África Occidental
Authors: Braga Erika
Published: June 2016

Guinea Ecuatorial como pregunta abierta: hacia el diálogo entre nuestras otredades
III. El español en África y más allá: las otras historias literarias y los otros mapas lingu?ísticos
Authors: Braga Erika
Published: June 2016

Guinea Ecuatorial como pregunta abierta: hacia el diálogo entre nuestras otredades
Interpreting the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act
Authors: Goldman Lee
Published: June 2016

Computers play an integral role in today’s society.  While computers provide many benefits, they are increasingly used as tools for wrongdoing, causing estimated losses of billions of dollars each year. Computer hackers can, among other things, fraudulently alter accounts, steal business or personal information, and corrupt or disable computer systems.  Congress enacted and has repeatedly amended the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (“CFAA”) to combat the increasing proliferation of computer crimes. This article argues that the Courts of Appeals have not adequately interpreted the foundational terms of the Act and recommends an interpretation of the Act that builds upon the narrower definitions to comprehensively define the scope of the Act’s coverage.
A PATENT PRIZE SYSTEM TO PROMOTE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW ANTIBIOTICS AND CONSERVATION OF EXISTING ONES
Authors: Nickas Mark
Published: June 2016

Antibiotics are valuable drugs that fight bacterial infections, but our supply of antibiotics is at risk. Existing antibiotics gradually lose their effectiveness due to bacterial resistance, and few new antibiotics are being developed to replace them. A variety of models have been proposed to promote the conservation of existing antibiotics or incentivize private actors, i.e., drug companies, to develop new ones. Previous models, however, all encourage investment in antibiotic research and development via patent rights, which also create an incentive to oversell antibiotics. Because the inappropriate use of antibiotics accelerates the development of resistance, patent rights put the public health objectives of antibiotic development and conservation in tension with one another. This article proposes an antibiotic-specific patent prize system that uncouples the two policy objectives necessary to achieve a stable antibiotic supply. Although others have proposed patent prize systems to promote drug development generally, the system described here is tailored to address the unique features of antibiotic markets.
Introduction: Law, Technology, and Energy in Pittsburgh
Authors: Roberts Jeffrey , Brouse Matthew
Published: June 2016

None
From Gray to Green-Using Algal Biofuels to Change the Energy Landscape of Southwestern Pennsylvania
Authors: Hammond Rebecca
Published: June 2016

None
Las migraciones de retorno de la población ecuatoriana y boliviana: motivaciones, estrategias y discursos
Authors: Vega Solís Cristina , Martínez-Buján Raquel
Published: June 2016

Este artículo analiza las motivaciones de las migraciones de retorno de los colectivos ecuatorianos y bolivianos que habiendo residido en España han regresado a sus comunidades de origen durante la etapa de crisis económica iniciada en el año 2008. A partir del análisis de 22 entrevistas en profundidad realizadas en Ecuador y 38 en Bolivia a mujeres, hombres y jóvenes pertenecientes a familias migrantes, se demuestra que este proceso de toma de decisión se incrusta en una dinámica relacional de género. En concreto, se indaga en los elementos afectivos y económicos que influyeron en la decisión de retornar, así como en las estrategias desplegadas para proyectar su reacomodo en origen. Hombres y mujeres ocupan posiciones diferenciales en el entorno familiar, laboral y social, estando sus expectativas construidas de manera generizada. Si bien la migración ha supuesto para las mujeres un mayor poder económico dentro del grupo familiar, su reinserción en el retorno redefine su papel como gestoras principales de la unidad doméstica y de las dinámicas que permiten su reproducción social. Por su parte, los hombres aspiran a reactualizar su papel como proveedores a pesar de su frágil situación laboral al regreso. La movilidad social para ellas se transfiere generacionalmente a través de una fuerte inversión educativa proyectada sobre sus hijas e hijos, mientras que para ellos, ésta se articula en la creación de negocios familiares y su capacidad demostrativa.
Repensar los cuidados a la luz de la reproducción social: una propuesta para vincular los circuitos migratorios
Authors: Kofman Eleonore
Published: June 2016

Los cuidados se han convertido en un elemento predominante en gran parte de las investigaciones feministas sobre migraciones globalizadas y la transferencia de trabajo del Sur al Norte. El concepto de reproducción, en cambio, ha sido relegado durante años a un segundo plano, aunque ahora se está convirtiendo en el foco de los debates sobre la mercantilización de los cuidados en el hogar y las transformaciones de las políticas del estado de bienestar. Este artículo sostiene que, si vinculamos los diversos circuitos de migración y, sobre todo, los relacionados con el empleo y la familia, podremos comprender mejor las diferentes formas y recorridos de los cuidados en la reproducción de personas, familias y comunidades, tanto migrantes como no migrantes. Para ello, me retrotraigo a los trabajos estadounidenses sobre minorías racializadas y migrantes, así como sobre reproducción social estratificada. Asimismo, tomo algunas ideas de los actuales estudios asiáticos sobre circuitos migratorios generizados que establecen vínculos entre las migraciones por empleo y por matrimonio. También uso la noción de ‘familias transnacionales’ que pone de manifiesto cómo operan las políticas de género de la reproducción social, tanto en el seno como más allá de las familias, los hogares y las estructuras institucionales y de bienestar. Al contrario que en Asia, los estudios europeos apenas se han centrado en la vinculación que existe entre las migraciones laborales y las familiares desde el punto de vista de la reproducción social. Sin embargo, relacionar los diferentes tipos de migraciones permite comprender en su complejidad las trayectorias de los cuidados y el modo en que éstas contribuyen a la reproducción social.