bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prosthetic and Biomedical Devices
Authors: Szycher Michael
Published: August 2004

Prosthetics or biomedical devices are objects which serve as body replacement parts or as tools for implantation of such parts. Such devices are prepared from a variety of materials including metals, plastics, other polymers, and ceramics. Devices for cardiovascular and orthopedic problems are discussed herein as are bioresorbable polymers used for sutures.
Tantalum and Tantalum Compounds
Authors: Tripp Terrance B. , Eckert J.
Published: August 2004

Tantalum, discovered in 1802, was not produced in significant quantities until the invention of the solid tantalum capacitor. This tough, ductile, silvery gray metal is used primarily in electronic capacitors and a variety of chemical manufacturing applications. Corrosion resistance and the ability to support a stable anodic oxide film make tantalum and excellent material for prosthetics and biomedical devices as well as a substrate for capacitor dielectric. Tantalum is a prime candidate for reaction vessel liners, heat exchangers, and heat shields. The most important tantalum compound is potassium heptafluorotantalate, from which tantalum metal is formed. Other commercially significant tantalum compounds are used in cemented carbides for cutting tools, cermets, waveguides, and other optical and electronic devices.
Copyrights and Trademarks, Trademarks
Authors: Deinard Lile H. , Stathis Nicholas J. , Rasenberger Mary E.
Published: August 2004

This article deals with the manner in which trademark rights are acquired, maintained, and protected in the United States, with particular emphasis on the rights and remedies available under the Lanham act. Trademark laws of foreign countries, insofar as they affect the acquisition of rights in such countries by owners of trademarks in the United States, are also discussed.

Specific discussion includes the nature of a trademark and the rights accompanying trademark ownership. Principal considerations in choosing and adopting a trademark are set forth, together with the requirements and procedures for obtaining and maintaining a federal registration, as well as the benefits of registration. In addition, the means of transferring rights or partial rights in a trademark and its registration, either through assignment or licensing, are explained.

Because trademark rights, even rights to registered marks, can be lost through improper use or uncontrolled licensing rules concerning proper use of a trademark and the necessity for quality controls in a trademark license are presented. Lastly, a brief description of benefits conferred by trademark ownership at the state level and under international conventions, including procedures for obtaining state and foreign registrations, is included.
Copper Alloys, Wrought Copper and Wrought Copper Alloys
Authors: Breedis John F. , Caron Ronald N.
Published: August 2004

The mechanical and physical properties of wrought copper and wrought copper alloys are surveyed according to alloy composition and the temper to which the alloys are processed. Properties important for manufacturing include: formability, bending, drawing, and its analysis; springback; joining, welding, brazing, and soldering; resistances to softening and hydrogen embrittlement; and machinability. Properties relating to performance of manufactured products are strength, electrical and thermal conductivities, solderability, and resistances to stress relaxation, fatigue failure, and corrosion.

Alloy designations are defined and tensile properties of alloys within the several compositional groups are provided. Wrought copper (93.3% minimum copper); the high coppers (no less than 96% copper); zinc and tin brasses; tin, aluminum, and silicon bronzes; specially modified copper‐zinc alloys; copper nickels; and nickel silvers are discussed together with the several commercially available precipitation hardenable alloys that are distributed among the compositional groupings. Selected applications and the relative pricing of commercial alloys are given.
Faculty issues related to adult degree programs
Authors: Clarke Lauren E. , Gabert Trent E.
Published: August 2004

This chapter examines the forces within the environment of colleges and universities that determine the preparation of and incentives for instructors to embrace and flourish in the role of adult educators, as well as the obstacles that can impede this process.
Enhancing adult learning through interdisciplinary studies
Authors: Ntiri Daphne W. , Schindler Roslyn Abt , Henry Stuart
Published: August 2004

This examination of the pedagogical and curricular characteristics and imperatives of an interdisciplinary studies program for adult learners, within a wider context of theory and practice, draws on the example of a general education course to demonstrate the vitality between interdisciplinary thinking and adult learning.
Future considerations
Authors: Pappas James P. , Jerman Jerry
Published: August 2004

This concluding chapter offers a number of key considerations for institutions interested in developing and delivering adult degree programs.
Cell proliferation of myeloma plasma cells: Comparison of the blood and marrow compartments
Authors: Kumar Shaji , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Greipp Philip R. , Witzig Thomas E.
Published: August 2004

The plasma cell labeling Index (PCLI), a measure of marrow plasma cells in S phase of the cell cycle, provides a good estimate of the proliferative capacity of the malignant clonal plasma cells. Multiple studies have also demonstrated its prognostic value in multiple myeloma (MM). Clonal plasma cells have been demonstrated in the peripheral blood of patients with multiple myeloma. The labeling index of these circulating cells can also be determined by a method similar to that employed for marrow plasma cells. The goal of this study was to compare the proliferation kinetics of plasma cells in the marrow to that in the circulation. The PCLI was estimated on peripheral blood (PBLI) and bone marrow aspirates (BMLI) using a slide‐based bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) immunofluorescence microscopy technique. One hundred seventeen patients who had simultaneous estimation of the PBLI and BMLI and who had ≥90% of the blood cIg+ cells identified as monoclonal plasma cells were studied. The PBLI was generally lower than the BMLI (median difference 0.4) and correlated with the BMLI (ρ = 0.491, P < 0.0001). Twenty‐seven patients with PBLI higher than BMLI had a poorer prognosis, with median survival of 2 months from the time of the labeling index determination, compared to 12 months for the remaining 90 patients (P = 0.01). Myeloma plasma cells circulating in the peripheral blood are capable of proliferation, albeit at a slower rate compared to those in the marrow. These differences reflect a more favorable microenvironment in the marrow likely resulting from the differences in the cytokine levels and supporting stromal cells in the marrow. Am. J. Hematol. 77:7–11, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prognostic factors influencing survival in patients with B‐cell small lymphocytic lymphoma
Authors: Nola Marin , Pavletic Steven Z. , Weisenburger Dennis D. , Smith Lynette M. , Bast Martin A. , Vose Julie M. , Armitage James O.
Published: August 2004

The term “B‐cell small lymphocytic lymphoma” (B‐SLL) is generally reserved for patients with lymph node masses that show the histology and immunophenotype of B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B‐CLL) but who are not leukemic. The aim of our study was to define clinical factors that predict for survival in B‐SLL. Thirty‐nine patients with B‐SLL and with less than 5,000 mature‐appearing lymphocytes/μL in the peripheral blood were studied. The median follow‐up of survivors was 6.6 years (range, 1.6–12.3 years). The estimated 5‐year overall survival (OS) and failure‐free survival (FFS) were 66% and 23%, respectively. In the univariate analysis, significant adverse predictors for OS were age ≥60 years, B symptoms, elevated serum LDH, low hemoglobin (<11 g/dL), and high International Prognostic Index (IPI) score (3–5). In multivariate analysis, the IPI score was the only significant predictor of OS. Anemia and B symptoms were additionally predictive of poor OS in patients with low IPI scores. Am. J. Hematol. 77:31–35, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence and characteristics of anemia in the elderly: Cross‐sectional study of three urban Korean population samples
Authors: Choi Chul Won , Lee Juneyoung , Park Kyong Hwa , Yoon So Young , Choi In Keun , Oh Sang Cheul , Seo Jae Hong , Kim Byung Soo , Shin Sang Won , Kim Yeul Hong , Kim Jun Suk
Published: August 2004

We conducted a prospective study to assess the prevalence and clinical characteristics of anemia and to define the risk factors for anemia in older Koreans. From October 2002 to November 2002, 1,254 subjects over the age of 60 years were selected from a cross‐sectional study. All subjects underwent a complete medical history taking and laboratory testing, which included; a complete blood cell count, reticulocyte, liver and renal function tests, lipid profiles, and iron profiles. The median age was 70 years old (range, 60–95 years). The mean levels of hemoglobin (mean ± SD) were 14.5 ± 1.4 g/dL in men and 13.0 ± 1.1 g/dL in women, and the overall prevalence of anemia was 13.6% (171/1,254): 9.9% (27/273) in men and 14.7% (144/981) in women. We found that the prevalence of anemia differed significantly between those of age 60–69 and 70–79 years (P < 0.0001), those of age 60–69 and ≥80 (P < 0.0001), and those of age 70–79 and ≥80 (P = 0.0474). Hemoglobin levels were significantly lower in subjects ≥80 years old. By logistic regression testing, female sex, old age, lower albumin level, higher creatinine level, and lower body mass index were identified as independent risk factors of anemia in elderly Koreans. In conclusion, the overall prevalence of anemia in our study group was 13.6% (171/1,254), and this increased with age. Am. J. Hematol. 77:26–30, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interleukin‐11 as an osteoprotegerin‐inducing factor in culture medium of blastic cells from a patient with acute megakaryocytic leukemia complicated with osteosclerosis
Authors: Sato Tsutomu , Matsunaga Takuya , Kida Masaya , Morii Kazuhiro , Machida Takuro , Kawano Yutaka , Nakamura Kiminori , Kuribayashi Kageaki , Takada Kohichi , Iyama Satoshi , Sato Yasushi , Takayama Tetsuji , Takahashi Minoru , Kato Junji , Chokki Manabu , Niitsu Yoshiro
Published: August 2004

We came across a rare case of acute megakaryocytic leukemia, the clinical course of which was relatively chronic and nonaggressive. This case was complicated with generalized severe osteosclerosis (OS). The medium in which blastic cells from the patient were cultured showed a strong activity to enhance the expression of an osteosclerotic cytokine, osteoprotegerin (OPG), as revealed by real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR and Western blot analysis. The OPG‐inducing activity of the culture medium was neutralized by the anti‐interleukin‐11 (IL‐11) antibody. These results indicate that IL‐11 produced by the blasts was a causative factor of the OS observed in this patient. Am. J. Hematol. 77:62–66, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Predictors of plasma lead among lithographic print shop workers in Mexico City
Authors: Juárez‐Pérez Cuauhtémoc Arturo , Aguilar‐Madrid Guadalupe , Smith Donald R. , Lacasaña‐Navarro Marina , Téllez‐Rojo Martha María , Piacitteli Gregory , Hu Howard , Hernández‐Avila Mauricio
Published: August 2004

Background

Plasma lead is considered a biological marker that reflects the fraction of lead in blood that is toxicologically available. We examined the relationship between plasma lead and other biomarkers of lead exposure in 69 lithographic print shop workers.

Methods

Lead was measured in plasma and whole blood (by inductively coupled plasma‐magnetic sector mass spectrometry), in bone (by 109Cd X‐ray fluorescence), and in hand wipes and occupational air samples. Personal hygiene habits at work were surveyed.

Results

Mean age was 47 years and 86% (n = 59) were men. Mean lead levels were 0.3 μg/L in plasma, 11.9 μg/dL in blood, 46.7 μg/g in patella, and 27.6 μg/g in tibia. Taken together, two multivariate linear models explained 57% of variability in plasma lead levels. Predictors for the first model were lead in patella (β = 0.006), blood (β = 0.008), and hygiene index (β = −0.11). Predictors for the second model were lead in tibia (β = 0.008), blood (β = 0.008), and hygiene index (β = −0.13).

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that accumulated bone stores and hygiene habits are both significant independent predictors of plasma lead levels in active workers at this print shop. Am. J. Ind. Med. 46:245–252, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dose‐dependent production of urinary naphthols among workers exposed to jet fuel (JP‐8)
Authors: Serdar Berrin , Egeghy Peter P. , Gibson Roger , Rappaport Stephen M.
Published: August 2004

Background

Jet propulsion fuel‐8 (JP‐8) is one of the largest sources of chemical exposures among Air Force personnel. Urinary naphthols have been suggested as useful biomarkers of exposure to JP‐8.

Methods

Multivariate linear regression models were applied to evaluate the effects of environmental and work‐related factors upon production of urinary naphthols among 323 Air Force personnel.

Results

Naphthalene exposure, smoking status, and their interaction, plus self‐reported skin irritation explained about two‐thirds of the variation in naphthol levels. The exposure‐smoking interaction was consistent with induction by smoking of one or more steps in the metabolism of naphthalene and naphthalene‐1,2‐oxide (NapO). A supralinear dose‐response relationship was observed between urinary naphthols and naphthalene exposure.

Conclusions

Urinary naphthols were associated with specific sources of exposure to JP‐8, arising from both inhalation and dermal contact. Smokers and nonsmokers metabolized naphthalene at different rates, consistent with induction of at least two metabolic pathways by smoking. Am. J. Ind. Med. 46:234–244, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A comparison of data sources for the surveillance of work‐related carpal tunnel syndrome in Massachusetts
Authors: Davis Letitia , Wellman Helen , Hart James , Cleary Robert , Gardstein Betsey M. , Sciuchetti Paul
Published: August 2004

Background

This study examined whether a state surveillance system for work‐related carpal tunnel syndrome (WR‐CTS) based on workers' compensation claims (Sentinel Event Notification System for Occupational Risks, SENSOR) and the Annual Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses (SOII) identified the same industries, occupations, sources of injury, and populations for intervention.

Methods

Trends in counts, rates, and female/male ratios of WR‐CTS during 1994–1997, and age distributions were compared across three data sources: SENSOR, Massachusetts SOII, and National SOII. SENSOR and National SOII data on WR‐CTS were compared by industry, occupation, and injury source.

Findings

Due to small sample size and subsequent gaps in available information, state SOII data on WR‐CTS were of little use in identifying specific industries and occupations for intervention. SENSOR and National SOII data on the frequency of WR‐CTS cases identified many similar occupations and industries, and both surveillance systems pointed to computer use as a risk factor for WR‐CTS. Some high rate industries identified by SENSOR were not identified using National SOII rates even when national findings were restricted to take into account the distribution of the Massachusetts workforce.

Conclusions

Use of national SOII data on rates of WR‐CTS for identifying state industry priorities for WR‐CTS prevention should be undertaken with caution. Options for improving state SOII data and use of other state data systems should be pursued. Am. J. Ind. Med. 46:284–296, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Associations between acute symptoms and bioaerosol exposure during the collection of household waste
Authors: Heldal Kari Kulvik , Eduard Wijnand
Published: August 2004

Background

A study was performed to investigate associations between work‐related symptoms and bioaerosol exposure in 22 workers collecting waste separated at source and mixed household waste.

Methods

Full work shift exposures to bacteria (spherical and rod‐shaped) fungal spores, endotoxins, and total dust were measured. Symptoms experienced during work on the day that exposure was measured were recorded by use of a short questionnaire. Questions were posed on respiratory symptoms, systemic effects such as headache, tiredness, and gastrointestinal symptoms.

Results

The median exposure levels of bacteria and fungal spores were 0.4 and 0.1 × 106/m3, respectively. The exposure to rod‐shaped bacteria (7% of the bacteria count), endotoxins (1.8 EU/m3), and dust (0.2 mg/m3) was low. The symptoms most often reported were unusual tiredness (24%), headache (22%), cough (15%), and irritation in eyes and nose (10 and 17%). These symptoms were also found to be associated to microbial components.

Conclusions

The results suggest that acute work‐related nose irritation is associated with exposure to bacteria. Rod‐shaped bacteria were also associated with nose irritation and unusual tiredness. It is likely that cough is associated to fungal spores, while other associations which were found could be due to confounding. Am. J. Ind. Med. 46:253–260, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
LaAlSiO5 and Apatite‐Type La9.71 (Si0.81Al0.19O4)6O2 — The Crystal Structures of Two Synthetic Lanthanum Aluminosilicates.
Authors: Kahlenberg V. , Krueger H.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Doping Effects of Yb3+ on the Crystal Structures, Nanoparticle Properties and Electrical Behaviors of ZrO2 Derived from a Facile Urea‐Based Hydrothermal Route.
Authors: Zhang Ya‐Wen , Sun Xiao , Xu Gang , Yan Chun‐Hua
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Electrochemical Lithium Intercalation in Titanium Nitride Chloride.
Authors: Kuhn A. , Hoppe H. , Straehle J. , Garcia‐Alvarado F.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of Two Organically Templated Cadmium Borophosphates with Novel Structures.
Authors: Liu Wei , Ge Minghui , Yang Xinxin , Chen Haohong , Li Manrong , Zhao Jingtai
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Solvothermal Morphology Studies: Alkali and Alkaline Earth Molybdates.
Authors: Michailovski Alexej , Krumeich Frank , Patzke Greta R.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
First Structurally Characterized Palladium(II)‐Substituted Polyoxoanion: [Cs2Na(H2O)10Pd3 (α‐SbIIIW9O33)2] 9‐.
Authors: Bi Li‐Hua , Reicke Markus , Kortz Ulrich , Keita Bineta , Nadjo Louis , Clark Ronald J.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
P‐Chiral Monodentate Diamidophosphites — New and Efficient Ligands for Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Substitution.
Authors: Tsarev Vasily N. , Lyubimov Sergey E. , Shiryaev Alexei A. , Zheglov Sergey V. , Bondarev Oleg G. , Davankov Vadim A. , Kabro Anzhelika A. , Moiseev Sergey K. , Kalinin Valery N. , Gavrilov Konstantin N.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Enantioselective O‐ and N‐Nitroso Aldol Synthesis of Tin Enolates. Isolation of Three BINAP—Silver Complexes and Their Role in Regio‐ and Enantioselectivity.
Authors: Momiyama Norie , Yamamoto Hisashi
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Application of High Pressure, Induced by Water Freezing, to the Direct Asymmetric Aldol Reaction.
Authors: Hayashi Yujiro , Tsuboi Wataru , Shoji Mitsuru , Suzuki Noriyuki
Published: August 2004

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Platinum Dichloride Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of Ene‐ynamides.
Authors: Marion Frederic , Coulomb Julien , Courillon Christine , Fensterbank Louis , Malacria Max
Published: August 2004

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Substituent Effect on Regioselectivity in Oxygenation of Multisubstituted Acenes.
Authors: Zhou Xin , Kitamura Masanori , Shen Baojian , Nakajima Kiyohiko , Takahashi Tamotsu
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Convenient Synthesis of Alkylhydrazides by the Cobalt‐Catalyzed Hydrohydrazination Reaction of Olefins and Azodicarboxylates.
Authors: Waser Jerome , Carreira Erick M.
Published: August 2004

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1‐(2‐Iodophenyl)‐1H‐tetrazole as a Ligand for Pd(II) Catalyzed Heck Reaction.
Authors: Gupta Arun Kumar , Song Chung Hyun , Oh Chang Ho
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Highly Regioselective Wittig Reactions of Cyclic Ketones with a Stabilized Phosphorus Ylide under Controlled Microwave Heating.
Authors: Wu Jinlong , Wu Huafeng , Wei Shaoyong , Dai Wei‐Min
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Efficient Synthesis of Trisubstituted Alkenes in an Aqueous—Organic System Using a Versatile and Recyclable Rh/m‐TPPTC Catalyst.
Authors: Genin Emilie , Michelet Veronique , Genet Jean‐Pierre
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Orthoamide. Part 60. N,N,N′,N′‐Tetraformylhydrazine — A Formylation Agent for Aromatic Compounds of Wide Scope.
Authors: Kantlehner Willi , Haug Erwin , Scherr Oliver , Stoyanov Edmont V. , Mezger Jochen , Ziegler Georg
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Copper‐ and Amine‐Free Sonogashira Coupling Reaction Promoted by a Ferrocene‐Based Phosphinimine‐Phosphine Ligand at Low Catalyst Loading.
Authors: Arques Antonio , Aunon David , Molina Pedro
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Lewis Acid‐Catalyzed Reactions of Anthrone: Preference for Cycloaddition Reaction over Conjugate Addition Depending on the Functionality of α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Baik Woonphil , Yoon Cheol Hoon , Koo Sangho , Kim Hakwon , Kim Jihan , Kim Jeongryul , Hong Soodong
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Regioselective SN2 Opening of Vinylic Epoxides with Trialkylzincates and Trialkylaluminates.
Authors: Equey Olivier , Vrancken Emmanuel , Alexakis Alexandre
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Heteropoly Acid as a Novel Nitrene Transfer Agent: A Facile and Practical Aziridination of Olefins with Chloramine‐T.
Authors: Kumar G. D. Kishore , Baskaran Sundarababu
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Formation of 3‐Pyrrolin‐2‐ones via 5‐endo‐trig Cyclization.
Authors: Naitoh Ruri , Nakamura Yayoi , Katano Emi , Nakamura Yohoko , Okada Emi , Asaoka Morio
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Scandium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroamination. Development of a Highly Active Cationic Catalyst.
Authors: Lauterwasser Frank , Hayes Paul G. , Braese Stefan , Piers Warren E. , Schafer Laurel L.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A New Synthesis of 3‐Arylthioindoles as Selective COX‐2 Inhibitors Using PIFA.
Authors: Campbell Jeffrey A. , Broka Chris A. , Gong Leyi , Walker Keith A. M. , Wang Jin‐Hai
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Asymmetric Radical Cyclization Reactions of Axially Chiral N‐Allyl‐o‐iodoanilides to Form Enantioenriched N‐Acyl Dihydroindoles.
Authors: Curran Dennis P. , Chen Christine H.‐T. , Geib Steven J. , Lapierre Andre J. B.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Studies on Synthesis and Anitbacterial Activity of Novel 4‐Substituted Phenyl‐2‐oxo‐1,3‐oxazolidine‐5‐carboxylates.
Authors: Madhusudhan G. , Reddy G. Om , Ramanatham J. , Dubey P. K.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Short and Efficient Preparation of Methyl‐[1,2,4]oxadiazolium Derivatives with Plant‐Inducing Activity.
Authors: Dobler Markus R.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Regioselective Synthesis of Fluoroalkyl Pyridine Derivatives from 3‐Fluoroalkyl Substituted 2‐Aza‐1,3‐butadienes.
Authors: Palacios Francisco , Alonso Concepcion , Rubiales Gloria , Villegas Maite
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis α‐Aminonitrile Through Anodic Cyanation of N‐Benzylpiperidine.
Authors: Zhao Ping , Yin Ying‐Wu
Published: August 2004

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An Efficient Copper‐Catalyzed Coupling Reaction of Pyridin‐2‐ones with Aryl and Heterocyclic Halides Based on Buchwald′s Protocol.
Authors: Li Chun Sing , Dixon Darryl D.
Published: August 2004

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Enantiopure Bicyclic Piperidinones: Stereoselectivity in Lactam Enolate Alkylations.
Authors: Brewster Andrew G. , Broady Simon , Davies Catherine E. , Heightman Thomas D. , Hermitage Stephen A. , Hughes Mark , Moloney Mark G. , Woods Gordon
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Action of Vanadium Oxytrifluoride on N‐Arylbenzylamines — A Route to Some Phenanthridines.
Authors: Liepa Andris J. , Nearn Roland N. , Wright Denis M. J.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Discovery of Novel Nonsteroidal Glucocorticoid Receptor Modulators.
Authors: Link J. T. , Sorensen Bryan K. , Patel Jyoti , Emery Maurice , Grynfarb Marlena , Goos‐Nilsson Annika
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Dialkyl 1,4‐Dihydro‐2,6‐dimethylpyridine‐3,5‐dicarboxylates and Alkyl 1,4‐Dihydro‐2,6‐dimethyl‐3‐nitropyridine‐5‐carboxylates Possessing a C‐4 2,4‐Dioxo‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyrimidin‐5‐yl (Uracil) Substituent to Determine Calcium Channel Modulation Structure—Activity Relationships.
Authors: Fassihi Afshin , Velazquez Carlos , Knaus Edward E.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Syntheses and NMR, MS and X‐Ray Investigations of Homoadamantane‐Fused Pyridopyrimidinones.
Authors: Gyarmati Zsuzsanna Cs. , Csomos Peter , Bernath Gabor , Valtamo Pauliina , Kivelae Henri , Argay Gyula , Kalman Alajos , Klika Karel D. , Pihlaja Kalevi
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Simple, Efficient, High Yield Syntheses of Substituted and Unsubstituted 5‐Benzoylbarbituric Acids, and Their Corresponding Schiff Base Phenylhydrazones.
Authors: Jursic Branko S. , Neumann Donna M. , Bowdy Katharine L. , Stevens Edwin D.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Rapid Access to Azepine‐Fused Oxetanols from Alkoxy‐Substituted Maleimides.
Authors: Booker‐Milburn Kevin I. , Baker James R. , Bruce Ian
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Betulinic Acid and Its Derivatives as anti‐Angiogenic Agents.
Authors: Mukherjee Rama , Jaggi Manu , Rajendran Praveen , Siddiqui Mohammad J. A. , Srivastava Sanjay K. , Vardhan Anand , Burman Anand C.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel CCR1 Antagonists with Improved Metabolic Stability.
Authors: Brown Matthew F. , et al. et al.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Amidines as Amide Bond Replacements in VLA‐4 Antagonists.
Authors: Kamenecka Theodore M. , et al. et al.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel Reversed Chain Modified Oligopeptides via Sequential α‐N‐Mitsunobu Condensation of a Functionalized C‐Glycoside.
Authors: Turner John J. , Sikkema Friso D. , Erkelens Kees , van der Marel Gijs A. , Overkleeft Herman S. , van Boom Jacques H. , Overhand Mark
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Sceptrin as a Potential Biosynthetic Precursor to Complex Pyrrole—Imidazole Alkaloids: The Total Synthesis of Ageliferin.
Authors: Baran Phil S. , O'Malley Daniel P. , Zografos Alexandros L.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
β‐Carboline Alkaloids. Part 9. Total Synthesis of the β‐Carboline Alkaloids Arenarine A and (.+‐.) Arenarine B.
Authors: Bracher Franz , Puzik Andreas
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Unnatural Base Pairs Mediate the Site‐Specific Incorporation of an Unnatural Hydrophobic Component into RNA Transcripts
Authors: Endo Masayuki , Mitsui Tsuneo , Okuni Taeko , Kimoto Michiko , Hirao Ichiro , Yokoyama Shigeyuki
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Facile Synthetic Route to Two Chalcones.
Authors: Du Zhenting , She Xuegong , Ma Junying , Wang Zikun , Wu Huafang , Li Yang , Pan Xinfu
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Diarylheptanoids from the Roots of Juglans mandshurica
Authors: Li Gao , Seo Chang‐Seob , Lee Seung‐Ho , Jahng Yurngdong , Chang Hyeun‐Wook , Lee Chong‐Soon , Woo Mi‐Hee , Son Jong‐Keun
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel Linear Tetrapyrroles: Hydrogen Bonding in Diacetylenic Bilirubins.
Authors: Tu Bin , Ghosh Brahmananda , Lightner David A.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Anticonvulsant and Antimicrobial Activities of 3‐Hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐2‐substituted 4H‐Pyran‐4‐one Derivatives.
Authors: Aytemir Mutlu Dilsiz , Calis Uensal , Oezalp Meral
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Potent and Highly Selective Nonguanidine Azetidinone Inhibitors of Human Tryptase.
Authors: Bisacchi Gregory S. , et al. et al.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Layered α‐Zirconium Phosphates and Phosphonates
Authors: Kumar Challa V. , Bhambhani Akhilesh , Hnatiuk Nathan
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Claisen Rearrangement over the Past Nine Decades
Authors: Martin Castro Ana M.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Polyketones as Alternating Copolymers of Carbon Monoxide
Authors: Belov G. P. , Novikova E. V.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Pentacoordinated and Hexacoordinated Compounds
Authors: Hall C. D.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Design of Chiral Ligands for Asymmetric Catalysis: From C2‐Symmetric P,P‐ and N,N‐Ligands to Sterically and Electronically Nonsymmetrical P,N‐Ligands
Authors: Pfaltz Andreas , Drury, William J. III
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Physical Chemical Principles of Photovoltaic Conversion with Nanoparticulate, Mesoporous Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Bisquert Juan , Cahen David , Hodes Gary , Ruehle Sven , Zaban Arie
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Proton Pumping ATPases and Diverse Inside‐Acidic Compartments
Authors: Futai Masamitsu , Sun‐Wada Ge‐Hong , Wada Yoh
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Selective Human Enterovirus and Rhinovirus Inhibitors: An Overview of Capsid‐Binding and Protease‐Inhibiting Molecules
Authors: Shih Shin‐Ru , Chen Shu‐Jen , Hakimelahi Gholam Hossein , Liu Hsing‐Jang , Tseng Chen‐Tso , Shia Kak‐Shan
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
High‐Throughput Screening of Oxidation Catalysts with Gas Sensors
Authors: Yamada Yusuke , Kobayashi Tetsuhiko
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Data Management for Combinatorial Heterogeneous Catalysis: Methodology and Development of Advanced Tools
Authors: Farrusseng D. , Baumes L. , Mirodatos C.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
MDS/AML‐associated cytogenetic abnormalities in multiple myeloma and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance: Evidence for frequent de novo occurrence and multipotent stem cell involvement of del(20q)
Authors: Nilsson Therese , Nilsson Lars , Lenhoff Stig , Rylander Lars , Åstrand‐Grundström Ingbritt , Strömbeck Bodil , Höglund Mattias , Turesson Ingemar , Westin Jan , Mitelman Felix , Jacobsen Sten E. W. , Johansson Bertil
Published: August 2004

Multiple myeloma (MM) and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) are characterized cytogenetically by 14q32 rearrangements, −13/13q−, and various trisomies. Occasionally, karyotypic patterns characteristic of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)/acute myeloid leukemia (AML) occur in MM, often signifying therapy‐related (t)‐MDS/t‐AML. Comparison of cytogenetic features in all published MMs (n = 993) and t‐MDS/t‐AML post‐MM (n = 117) revealed significant differences in complexity and ploidy levels and in most genomic changes. Thus, these features often can be used to distinguish between MM and t‐MDS/t‐AML. Rarely, myeloid‐associated aberrations are detected in MM without any signs of MDS/AML. To characterize such abnormalities in MM/MGUS, we ascertained all 122 MM and 26 MGUS/smoldering MM (SMM) cases analyzed in our department. Sixty‐six (54%) MMs and 8 (31%) MGUS/SMMs were karyotypically abnormal, of which 6 (9%) MMs and 3 (38%) MGUS/SMMs displayed myeloid abnormalities, that is, +8 (1 case) and 20q− (8 cases) as the sole anomalies, without any evidence of MDS/AML. One patient developed AML, whereas no MDS/AML occurred in the remaining 8 patients. In one MGUS with del(20q), fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses revealed its presence in CD34+CD38− (hematopoietic stem cells), CD34+CD38+ (progenitors), CD19+ (B cells), and CD15+ (myeloid cells). The present data indicate that 20q− occurs in 10% of karyotypically abnormal MM/MGUS cases and that it might arise at a multipotent progenitor/stem cell level. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Involvement of fumarate hydratase in nonsyndromic uterine leiomyomas: Genetic linkage analysis and FISH studies
Authors: Gross Karen L. , Panhuysen Carolien I. M. , Kleinman Michael S. , Goldhammer Hilary , Jones Emlyn S. , Nassery Najlla , Stewart Elizabeth A. , Morton Cynthia C.
Published: August 2004

Recently, germline mutations of the fumarate hydratase (FH) gene, in 1q42.1, have been found to be involved in syndromes associated with uterine leiomyomas (ULs). Compelling evidence also supports a genetic liability to develop nonsyndromic UL, although susceptibility genes have not been reported to date. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) studies have found no or rare evidence of LOH of FH in nonsyndromic UL. However, the karyotypes of these tumors were not reported, and cytogenetic aberrations of 1q42–44 have been observed infrequently in UL. To determine whether FH mutations also may predispose women to developing nonsyndromic UL, we performed a genetic linkage study with DNA from 123 families containing at least one affected sister pair. In addition, to assess the frequency of FH loss specifically in UL with 1q rearrangements, we performed a fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of UL with 1q rearrangements. Analysis of the genotyping data revealed evidence suggestive of linkage to the FH region among study participants who were less than 40 years of age at diagnosis (Zlr 1.7 at D1S547, P = 0.04). FISH results showed that one copy of FH was absent in 9 of 11 ULs. These data indicate that loss of FH might be a significant event in the pathogenesis of a subset of nonsyndromic ULs. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new complex rearrangement involving the ETV6, LOC115548, and MN1 genes in a case of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Belloni Elena , Trubia Maurizio , Mancini Marco , Derme Valentina , Nanni Mauro , Lahortiga Idoya , Riccioni Roberta , Confalonieri Stefano , Lo‐Coco Francesco , Di Fiore Pier Paolo , Pelicci Pier Giuseppe
Published: August 2004

A new complex rearrangement involving chromosome bands 5q13, 12p13, 22q11, and 3q12 was identified and characterized in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia. Fluorescence in situ hybridization showed the involvement of the ETV6 gene in 12p13. ETV6 primers were specifically designed for 3′‐ and 5′‐RACE‐PCR experiments, which led to the identification of the other two rearranged genes. The derivative chromosome 5 harbored a fusion of the ETV6 sequence with that of the LOC115548 gene. The two genes were placed in opposite orientation and did not encode a fusion protein. On the derivative chromosome 12, ETV6 was fused to the MN1 gene on chromosome 22. Also in this case, the insertion, within the MN1 sequence, of a portion of chromosome 3 prevented the formation of a fusion protein. Finally, the derivative chromosome 22 contained the 3′ portions of both LOC115548 and MN1, and no fusion transcript with coding potential could be predicted. In conclusion, all chromosome breakpoints led to the truncation of the three involved genes in the absence of predicted fusion proteins. This study lends further support to the hypothesis that gene disruption resulting in either loss of function or haploinsufficiency may be relevant in acute myeloid leukemia pathogenesis. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MLL translocations with concurrent 3′ deletions: Interpretation of FISH results
Authors: Barber Kerry E. , Ford Anthony M. , Harris Rachel L. , Harrison Christine J. , Moorman Anthony V.
Published: August 2004

Rearrangements involving the MLL gene at 11q23 occur in a clinically relevant subgroup of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) at all ages, and therefore their accurate identification at diagnosis is important. It has become commonplace to screen ALL patients for rearrangements of MLL using a dual‐color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay. We report on 12 ALL patients with an unusual FISH result consisting of the following signal pattern: one 5′ green, no 3′ red, and one/two fusion signals. This configuration is consistent with a MLL translocation and simultaneous deletion of 3′ MLL—a well‐established phenomenon—which has been interpreted as a positive result. G‐banded and complementary metaphase FISH analyses confirmed an 11q23/MLL translocation in 8 of the 12 cases, whereas in one case, the identification of a del(11)(q23) was restricted to G‐banded analysis only. In three cases, an MLL rearrangement was excluded by extensive FISH analysis and/or Southern blotting. In conclusion, the loss of the 3′ MLL signal should not be assumed to be the result of a concurrent translocation and deletion event, and such aberrant FISH signal patterns should be investigated further by alternative methods for determining their MLL status. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Emergence of translocation t(9;11)‐positive leukemia during treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Metzler Markus , Strissel Pamela L. , Strick Reiner , Niemeyer Charlotte , Roettgers Silja , Borkhardt Arndt , Harbott Jochen , Ludwig Wolf D. , Stanulla Martin , Schrappe Martin , Reinhardt Dirk , Creutzig Ursula , Beck Joern D. , Rascher Wolfgang , Repp Reinald , Langer Thorsten
Published: August 2004

Therapy‐related acute myeloid leukemia (t‐AML) characterized by the t(9;11)(p22;q23) translocation is one of the most frequent secondary malignancies. The timing of the initiation of translocation and of development of the malignant t(9;11) clone during chemotherapy is presently unknown. In the present study, we backtracked bone marrow samples from three children during treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Two patients developed a t(9;11)‐positive t‐AML 19 and 30 months after therapy start, whereas the third patient, diagnosed with a rare t(9;11)‐positive ALL, suffered from an ALL relapse 23 months after initial diagnosis. The genomic MLL–MLLT3 (MLL–AF9) fusion site was amplified by a multiplex, nested long‐range PCR and used as a clonal marker for quantification of the MLL–MLLT3‐positive cells during chemotherapy. The t(9;11)‐positive clone was detectable 13 and 18 months after therapy start in both t‐AML cases, which was 6–12 months before clinical diagnosis of the secondary malignancy. In the t(9;11)‐positive ALL patient, the identical leukemic clone reoccurred during maintenance therapy after a short molecular remission, 8 months before clinically overt ALL relapse. The time course and characteristics of the genomic breakpoints in the present t‐AML cases support the hypothesis of translocation formation as a result of defective breakage repair after topoisomerase II cleavage. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
WDR26: A novel Gβ‐like protein, suppresses MAPK signaling pathway
Authors: Zhu Ying , Wang Yuequn , Xia Chunzhi , Li Dali , Li Yongqing , Zeng Weiqi , Yuan Wuzhou , Liu Hui , Zhu Chuanbing , Wu Xiushan , Liu Mingyao
Published: August 2004

WD40 repeat proteins play important roles in a variety of cellular functions, including cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis, and intracellular signal transduction. Mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are evolutionary conserved enzymes in cell signal transduction connecting cell‐surface receptors to critical regulatory targets within cells and control cell survival, adaptation, and proliferation. Previous studies revealed that G‐protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) play important roles in the signal transduction from extracellular stimuli to MAPKs and the WD40‐containing Gβ proteins as well as Gβ‐like proteins are involved in the stimulation and regulation of the MAPK signaling pathways. Here we report the identification and characterization of a novel human WD40 repeat protein, WD40 repeat protein 26 (WDR26). The cDNA of WDR26 is 3,729 bp, encoding a Gβ‐like protein of 514 amino acids in the cytoplasm. The protein is highly conserved in evolution across different species from yeast, Drosophila, mouse, to human. Northern blot analysis indicates that WDR26 is expressed in most of the examined human tissues, especially at a high level in skeletal muscle. Overexpression of WDR26 in the cell inhibits the transcriptional activities of ETS proteins, ELK‐1 and c‐fos serum response element (SRE), mediated by MEKK1. These results suggest that WDR26 may act as a negative regulator in MAPK signaling pathway and play an important role in cell signal transduction. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Slow‐down of age‐dependent telomere shortening is executed in human skin keratinocytes by hormesis‐like‐effects of trace hydrogen peroxide or by anti‐oxidative effects of pro‐vitamin C in common concurrently with reduction of intracellular oxidative stress
Authors: Yokoo Seiichi , Furumoto Kayo , Hiyama Eiso , Miwa Nobuhiko
Published: August 2004

The cellular life‐span of cultivated human skin epidermis keratinocytes NHEK‐F was shown to be extended up to 150% of population doubling levels (PDLs) by repetitive addition with two autooxidation‐resistant derivatives of ascorbic acid (Asc), Asc‐2‐O‐phosphate (Asc2P), and Asc‐2‐O‐alpha‐glucoside (Asc2G), respectively, but to be not extended with Asc itself. In contrast, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as dilute as 20 μM which was non‐cytotoxic to the keratinocytes, or at 60 μM being marginally cytotoxic achieved the cellular longevity, unexpectedly, up to 160 and 120% of PDLs, respectively, being regarded as a hormesis‐like stimulatory effect. The lifespan‐extended cells that were administered with Asc2P, Asc2G, or 20 μM H2O2 were prevented from senescence‐induced symptoms such as PDL‐dependent enlargement of a cell size of 14.7 μm finally up to 17.4 μm upon Hayflick's limit‐called loss of proliferation ability as estimated with a channelizer, and retained young cell morphological aspects such as thick and compact shape and intense attachment to the culture substratum even upon advanced PDLs, whereas other non‐extended cells looked like thin or fibrous shape and large size upon lower PDLs. The PDL‐dependent shortening of telomeric DNA of 11.5 kb finally down to 9.12–8.10 kb upon Hayflick's limit was observed in common for each additive‐given cells, but was decelerated in the following order: 20 μM H2O2 > Asc2P = Asc2G > 60 μM H2O2 > Asc = no additive, being in accord with the order of cell longevity. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was diminished by Asc2P, Asc2G or 20 μM H2O2, but not significantly by Asc or 60 μM H2O2 as estimated by fluorometry using the redox indicator dye CDCFH. There was no appreciable difference among NHEK keratinocytes that were administered with or without diverse additives in terms of telomerase activity per cell, which was 1.40 × 104–4.48 × 104 times lower for the keratinocytes than for HeLa cells which were examined as the typical tumor cells. Thus longevity of the keratinocytes was suggested to be achieved by slowdown of age‐dependent shortening of telomeric DNA rather than by telomerase; telomeres may suffer from less DNA lesions due to the continuous and thorough repression of intracellular ROS, which was realized either by pro‐vitamin C such as Asc2P or Asc2G that exerted an antioxidant ability more persistent than Asc itself or by 20 μM H2O2 which diminished intracellular ROS assumedly through a hormesis‐like effect. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Component‐based integration of chemistry and optimization software
Authors: Kenny Joseph P. , Benson Steven J. , Alexeev Yuri , Sarich Jason , Janssen Curtis L. , Mcinnes Lois Curfman , Krishnan Manojkumar , Nieplocha Jarek , Jurrus Elizabeth , Fahlstrom Carl , Windus Theresa L.
Published: August 2004

Typical scientific software designs make rigid assumptions regarding programming language and data structures, frustrating software interoperability and scientific collaboration. Component‐based software engineering is an emerging approach to managing the increasing complexity of scientific software. Component technology facilitates code interoperability and reuse. Through the adoption of methodology and tools developed by the Common Component Architecture Forum, we have developed a component architecture for molecular structure optimization. Using the NWChem and Massively Parallel Quantum Chemistry packages, we have produced chemistry components that provide capacity for energy and energy derivative evaluation. We have constructed geometry optimization applications by integrating the Toolkit for Advanced Optimization, Portable Extensible Toolkit for Scientific Computation, and Global Arrays packages, which provide optimization and linear algebra capabilities. We present a brief overview of the component development process and a description of abstract interfaces for chemical optimizations. The components conforming to these abstract interfaces allow the construction of applications using different chemistry and mathematics packages interchangeably. Initial numerical results for the component software demonstrate good performance, and highlight potential research enabled by this platform. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 14: 1717–1725, 2004