bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
System design and application for evaluation of digging agility in college male volleyball players
Authors: Ho Chin-Shan , Lin Kuo-Chuan , Hung Min-Hao , Chang Chi-Yao , Chen Ke-Chou
Published: April 2019

The primary objective of this study was to design a digging agility system that was used to analyze the effectiveness of 6 weeks of plyometric training on volleyball players. A total of 24 highly trained college male volleyball players were recruited for this study. The players were equally divided into a plyometric training group and a control group. The agility T-test, peak power output test, 10-meter sprint, and digging agility test were used to examine the effects of plyometric training on the digging agility of volleyball players. One-way analysis of covariance was conducted to examine the differences in the variables between groups. The results reveal that after 6 weeks of plyometric training, the plyometric training group had significant improvements on the agility T-test, digging agility test, and peak power output tests, with statistical power values all greater than 90%. The plyometric training group significantly improved by 2.68% on the agility T-test, 2.35% on the digging agility test, and 7.32% on the peak power output test. The results indicated that appropriate plyometric training can enhance the agility of lateral movements and peak output of vertical jumps, as well as enable players to rapidly complete movements during a moving defense.
Development of a Novel Emergency Department Mapping Tool
Authors: Grzywinski Matthew , Carlisle Stephanie , Coleman James , Cook Connor , Hayden Geoffrey , Pugliese Robert , Faircloth Billie , Ku Bon
Published: April 2019

Objectives:

Develop a built environment mapping workflow. Implement the workflow in the emergency department (ED). Demonstrate the actionable representations of the data that can be collected using this workflow.

Background:

The design of the healthcare built environment impacts the delivery of patient care and operational efficiency. Studying this environment presents a series of challenges due to the limitations associated with existing technology such as radio-frequency identification. The authors designed a customized mapping workflow to collect high-resolution spatial, temporal, and activity data to improve healthcare environments, with emphasis on patient safety and operational efficiency.

Method:

A large, urban, academic medical center ED collaborated with an architecture firm to create a data collection, and mapping workflow using ArcGIS tools and data collectors. The authors developed tools to collect data on the entire ED, as well as individual patients, physicians, and nurses. Advanced visual representations were created from the master data set.

Results:

In 48 consecutive hourly snapshots, 5,113 data points were collected on patients, physicians, nurses, and other staff reflecting the operations of the ED. Separately, 84 patients, 10 attending physicians, 10 resident physicians, and 17 nurses were tracked.

Conclusions:

The data obtained from this pilot study were used to create advanced visual representations of the ED environment. This cost-effective ED mapping workflow may be applied to other healthcare settings. Further investigation to evaluate the benefits of this high-resolution data is required.
Compositional MRI of the Hip: Reproducibility, Effect of Joint Unloading, and Comparison of T2 Relaxometry with Delayed Gadolinium-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cartilage
Authors: Fernquest Scott , Palmer Antony , Gammer Bonnie , Hirons Emma , Kendrick Benjamin , Taylor Adrian , De Berker Henry , Bangerter Neal , Carr Andrew , Glyn-Jones Sion
Published: April 2019

Objective

Our aim was to compare T2 with delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) in the hip and assess the reproducibility and effect of joint unloading on T2 mapping.

Design

Ten individuals at high risk of developing hip osteoarthritis (SibKids) underwent contemporaneous T2 mapping and dGEMRIC in the hip (10 hips). Twelve healthy volunteers underwent T2 mapping of both hips (24 hips) at time points 25, 35, 45, and 55 minutes post offloading. Acetabular and femoral cartilage was manually segmented into regions of interest. The relationship between T2 and dGEMRIC values from anatomically corresponding regions of interests was quantified using Pearson’s correlation. The reproducibility of image analysis for T2 and dGEMRIC, and reproducibility of image acquisition for T2, was quantified using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), root mean square coefficient of variance (RMSCoV), smallest detectable difference (SDD), and Bland-Altman plots. The paired t test was used to determine if difference existed in T2 values at different unloading times.

Results

T2 values correlated most strongly with dGEMRIC values in diseased cartilage ( r = −0.61, P = <0.001). T2 image analysis (segmentation) reproducibility was ICC = 0.96 to 0.98, RMSCoV = 3.5% to 5.2%, and SDD = 2.2 to 3.5 ms. T2 values at 25 minutes unloading were not significantly different to longer unloading times ( P = 0.132). SDD for T2 image acquisition reproducibility was 7.1 to 7.4 ms.

Conclusions

T2 values in the hip correlate well with dGEMRIC in areas of cartilage damage. T2 shows high reproducibility and values do not change beyond 25 minutes of joint unloading.
Optimization of post-label delay in single-phase arterial spin labeling (ASL) using multi-phase ASL in four-dimensional magnetic resonance angiography
Authors: Oshita Tsuyoshi , Yabuuchi Hidetake , Osame Masanobu
Published: April 2019

Purpose

To optimize the post-label delay in single-phase arterial spin labeling (SP-ASL) using multi-phase ASL in 4-dimensional magnetic resonance angiography (4D-MRA).

Methods

Ten healthy volunteers (six men, four women; age range, 24–37 years; mean, 29.1) were enrolled. 4D-MRA and SP-ASL were performed on a 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. Signal intensities in four cerebral arterial territories (anterior cerebral artery, middle cerebral artery, posterior cerebral artery, and whole area) were measured using both 4D-MRA and SP-ASL, and peak time of maximum intensity through each technique was recorded. Regression analysis was used to determine the correlation between the peak times using 4D-MRA and those using SP-ASL, and the regression function obtained was used to estimate the peak time for SP-ASL (optimum post-label delay) from that obtained for 4D-MRA.

Results

The peak time in anterior cerebral artery territory for SP-ASL was expressed as 1.19 + 0.30 × (peak time of 4D-MRA) s, ( p = 0.017, r2 = 0.14). The peak time in middle cerebral artery territory for SP-ASL was 0.96 + 0.58 × (peak time of 4D-MRA) s, ( p < 0.001, r2 = 0.32). The peak time in posterior cerebral artery territory for SP-ASL was expressed as 0.92 + 0.58 × (peak time of 4D-MRA) s, ( p < 0.001, r2 = 0.33). The peak time in whole brain for SP-ASL was expressed as 1.04 + 0.46 × (peak time of 4D-MRA) s, ( p < 0.001, r2 = 0.25).

Conclusion

The peak time values at 4D-MRA showed potential for use in predicting the optimum post-label delay of SP-ASL.
Optimal use of thrombopoietin receptor agonists in immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Al-Samkari Hanny , Kuter David J.
Published: April 2019

The thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs) are a class of platelet growth factors commonly used to treat immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). There are three agents that have been investigated for the treatment of chronic ITP: the peptide agent romiplostim and the small molecule agents eltrombopag and avatrombopag. These agents offer a higher clinical response rate than most other ITP therapies but may require indefinite use. This review is a critical appraisal of the TPO-RAs in adult ITP, defining the optimal patient groups to receive these agents and assisting the hematologist with agent choice, goals of treatment, dosing strategies, and toxicity management. Use of endogenous thrombopoietin levels to predict response to eltrombopag and romiplostim treatment is discussed and alternative dosing protocols suited for certain patient subgroups are described. Finally, indications for discontinuation and combination therapy with other agents are considered.
Return to work and associations with psychosocial well-being and health-related quality of life in coronary heart disease patients: Results from EUROASPIRE IV
Authors: Cauter Joy Van de , Bacquer Dirk De , Clays Els , Smedt Delphine De , Kotseva Kornelia , Braeckman Lutgart
Published: April 2019

Background

Coronary heart disease (CHD) can lead to loss of workability and early retirement. We aimed to investigate return to work (RTW) and its relationship towards psychosocial well-being and health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Design

Secondary analyses were applied to cross-sectional data from the EUROASPIRE IV survey (European Action on Secondary and Primary prevention through Intervention to Reduce Events).

Methods

Participants were examined and interviewed at 6–36 months following the recruiting event. Psychosocial well-being and HRQoL were evaluated by completing the ‘Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale’ and ‘HeartQoL’ questionnaire. Using generalised mixed models, we calculated the odds ratios for RTW. Depression, anxiety and adjusted means of HeartQoL were estimated accounting for RTW.

Results

Out of 3291 employed patients, the majority (76.0%) returned to work, of which 85.6% were men, but there was a general underrepresentation of women. Young ( p < 0.001), high-educated ( p < 0.001) patients without prior cardiovascular events ( p < 0.05) were better off regarding RTW. No significant associations with CHD risk factors and cardiac rehabilitation were established. Those that rejoined the workforce were less susceptible to psychosocial distress (anxiety/depression, p < 0.001) and experienced a better quality of life ( p < 0.001).

Conclusion

These findings provide evidence that non-modifiable factors (sociodemographic factors, cardiovascular history), more than classical risk factors, are associated with RTW, and that patients who resume work display better psychosocial well-being and HRQoL. Our results illustrate a need for tailored cardiac rehabilitation with a focus on work-related aspects, mental health and HRQoL indicators to reach sustainable RTW, especially in vulnerable groups like less educated and elderly patients.
Governing Imagery and the Translation of the Words philadelphia and anachusis in 1 Peter 1.22 and 4.4
Authors: Malcolm Matthew R.
Published: April 2019

One element of the task of translation is the need to consider contextual clues in the source text that help to inform choices between alternative possibilities in the target language. I suggest that greater awareness of such contextual clues for two words in 1 Peter would result in better translations than are currently found in two major English Bible versions (NIV2011 and NRSV). Specifically, the context of 1.3–2.3 would suggest that the familial nuance of the word philadelphia should be retained in translation, because this word is part of a section governed by familial imagery. Also, the context of 3.17–4.6 would suggest that the aquatic nuance of the word anachusis should be retained in translation, because this word is part of a section governed by the imagery of the flood. I look into the semantic-pragmatic possibilities for these words, and propose that NRSV and NIV could be improved by changing their translations of these words. Finally, implications for the translations of these words in other English versions and in other languages are discussed.
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated in vivo gene targeting corrects hemostasis in newborn and adult factor IX–knockout mice
Authors: Wang Lili , Yang Yang , Breton Camilo Ayala , White John , Zhang Jia , Che Yan , Saveliev Alexei , McMenamin Deirdre , He Zhenning , Latshaw Caitlin , Li Mingyao , Wilson James M.
Published: April 2019

Many genetic diseases, including hemophilia, require long-term therapeutic effects. Despite the initial success of liver-directed adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene therapy for hemophilia in clinical trials, long-term sustained therapeutic effects have yet to be seen. One explanation for the gradual decline of efficacy over time is that the nonintegrating AAV vector genome could be lost during cell division during hepatocyte turnover, albeit at a slow pace in adults. Readministering the same vector is challenging as a result of the AAV-neutralizing antibodies elicited by the initial treatment. Here, we investigated the use of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9-mediated homology-directed gene targeting for sustained treatment of hemophilia B. We developed a donor vector containing a promoterless partial human factor IX (FIX) complementary DNA carrying the hyperactive FIX Padua mutation. A single injection of dual AAV vectors in newborn and adult FIX-knockout (FIX-KO) mice led to stable expression of FIX at or above the normal levels for 8 months. Eight weeks after the vector treatment, we subjected a subgroup of newborn and adult treated FIX-KO mice to a two-thirds partial hepatectomy; all of these animals survived the procedure without any complications or interventions. FIX levels persisted at similar levels for 24 weeks after partial hepatectomy, indicating stable genomic targeting. Our results lend support for the use of a CRISPR/Cas9 approach to achieve lifelong expression of therapeutic proteins.
Comparison of different techniques to identify cardiac involvement in immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis
Authors: Aljama Mohammed A. , Sidiqi M. Hasib , Dispenzieri Angela , Gertz Morie A. , Lacy Martha Q. , Buadi Francis K. , Dingli David , Muchtar Eli , Fonder Amie L. , Hayman Suzanne R. , Hobbs Miriam A. , Gonsalves Wilson I. , Warsame Rahma M. , Kourelis Taxiarchis , Hwa Yi Lisa , Kapoor Prashant , Leung Nelson , Go Ronald S. , Kyle Robert A. , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Kumar Shaji K.
Published: April 2019

We retrospectively reviewed the utility of N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) in diagnosing cardiac involvement in patients with biopsy-proven systemic immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis seen at the Mayo Clinic between 1 January 2006 and 30 December 2015. We analyzed 2 cohorts: patients undergoing endomyocardial biopsy for suspicion of cardiac involvement (cohort 1) and patients who had serum NT-proBNP and comprehensive echocardiographic evaluation at diagnosis (cohort 2). Of 179 patients undergoing endomyocardial biopsy (cohort 1), 173 (97%) had evidence of amyloid deposition, with 159 having NT-proBNP performed at the time of the procedure. The NT-proBNP was elevated (>300 pg/mL) in all 159 patients (sensitivity, 100%; median NT-proBNP, 4917 pg/mL; range, 355-69 541). The left ventricular ejection fraction, interventricular septal thickness, and strain rate were abnormal in 89/168 (53%), 102/64 (61%) and 92/95 (97%), respectively. Among cohort 2 (n = 342), 259 (76%) had an elevated NT-proBNP, of whom 237 (92%) had an abnormality detected on TTE. Of 83 patients with normal NT-proBNP <300 pg/mL, 27 (33%) had an abnormality on TTE (all with borderline strain rate −18% to −15%). Only 5/27 patients were considered to have possible early cardiac involvement and none had any other diagnostic or classical features of amyloidosis on TTE. The combination of NT-proBNP and comprehensive echocardiographic evaluation can diagnose cardiac amyloidosis negating the need for endomyocardial biopsy. A negative NT-proBNP rules out clinically meaningful cardiac involvement and may obviate the routine use of TTE in patients with a low clinical suspicion of cardiac amyloidosis.
Evaluating PsychEd: a mental health and well-being educational programme for secondary schools
Authors: Pittock Alexandra , Meagher Laura , Lawrie Stephen M.
Published: April 2019

Background

Young people's mental health and well-being is an important concern in the UK. Provision of education and support to schools has been highlighted as an area for improvement; however, evidence-based programmes are scarce and costly.

Aims

To provide an acceptable education programme to improve pupils' confidence and knowledge of mental health and well-being. It covered the mental and emotional well-being outcomes set by the Scottish Government in their schools' curriculum.

Method

Lessons were designed by A.P. and delivered by volunteer doctors and medical students, and supervised by a psychiatrist. Outcomes were measured using questionnaires before and after lessons with optional comments.

Results

PsychEd was piloted in 2016 in six schools to pupils between the ages of 11 and 18. There was a statistically significant improvement in pupil confidence and knowledge after the lessons (P < 0.001). Of the pupils 84% felt that having lessons on mental health was useful. Qualitative feedback was also collected and coded into positive, constructive and negative comments. In total, 72% of pupil comments were positive.

Conclusions

PsychEd showed promising results. Future areas of development include reaching a greater number of local authority schools, longer training for volunteers and provision of teaching materials to teachers for their own use.

Declaration of interest

None.
Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial of Low-Dose Tamoxifen to Prevent Local and Contralateral Recurrence in Breast Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Authors: DeCensi Andrea , Puntoni Matteo , Guerrieri-Gonzaga Aliana , Caviglia Silvia , Avino Franca , Cortesi Laura , Taverniti Cristiana , Pacquola Maria Grazia , Falcini Fabio , Gulisano Marcella , Digennaro Maria , Cariello Anna , Cagossi Katia , Pinotti Graziella , Lazzeroni Matteo , Serrano Davide , Branchi Daniela , Campora Sara , Petrera Marilena , Buttiron Webber Tania , Boni Luca , Bonanni Bernardo
Published: April 2019

PURPOSE

Tamoxifen administered for 5 years at 20 mg/d is effective in breast cancer treatment and prevention, but toxicity has limited its broad use. Biomarker trials showed that 5 mg/d is not inferior to 20 mg/d in decreasing breast cancer proliferation. We hypothesized that a lower dose given for a shorter period could be as effective in preventing recurrence from breast intraepithelial neoplasia but have a lower toxicity than the standard dose.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

We conducted a multicenter randomized trial of tamoxifen, 5 mg/d or placebo administered for 3 years after surgery in women with hormone-sensitive or unknown breast intraepithelial neoplasia, including atypical ductal hyperplasia and lobular or ductal carcinoma in situ. The primary end point was the incidence of invasive breast cancer or ductal carcinoma in situ.

RESULTS

Five hundred women 75 years of age or younger were included. After a median follow-up of 5.1 years (interquartile range, 3.9-6.3 years), there were 14 neoplastic events with tamoxifen and 28 with placebo (11.6 v 23.9 per 1,000 person-years; hazard ratio, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.26 to 0.92; P = .02), which resulted in a 5-year number needed to treat of 22 (95% CI, 20 to 27). Tamoxifen decreased contralateral breast events by 75% (three v 12 events; hazard ratio, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.88; P = .02). Patient-reported outcomes were not different between arms except for a slight increase in frequency of daily hot flashes with tamoxifen ( P = .02). There were 12 serious adverse events with tamoxifen and 16 with placebo, including one deep vein thrombosis and one stage I endometrial cancer with tamoxifen and one pulmonary embolism with placebo.

CONCLUSION

Tamoxifen at 5 mg/d for 3 years can halve the recurrence of breast intraepithelial neoplasia with a limited toxicity, which provides a new treatment option in these disorders.
Association of Area Deprivation and Diabetic Ketoacidosis Readmissions: Comparative Risk Analysis of Adults vs Children With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Everett Estelle , Mathioudakis Nestoras
Published: April 2019

Objective

Recurrent diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is associated with mortality in adults and children with type 1 diabetes (T1D). We aimed to evaluate the association of area deprivation and other patient factors with recurrent DKA in pediatric patients compared with adults.

Research Design and Methods

This cross-sectional study used the Maryland Health Services Cost Review Commission’s database to identify patients with T1D admitted for DKA between 2012 and 2017. Area deprivation and other variables were obtained from the first DKA admission of the study period. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine predictors of DKA readmissions. Interactions (Ints) evaluated differences among the groups.

Results

There were 732 pediatric and 3305 adult patients admitted with DKA. Area deprivation was associated with higher odds of readmission in pediatric patients than in adults. Compared with the least deprived, moderately deprived pediatric patients had an OR of 7.87-(95% CI, 1.02 to 60.80) compared with no change in odds in adults for four or more readmissions (Pint < 0.01). Similar odds were observed in the most deprived pediatric patients, which differed significantly from the OR of 2.23 (95% CI, 1.16 to 4.25) in adults (Pint of 0.2). Moreover, increasing age, female sex, Hispanic ethnicity, and discharge against medical advice conferred a high odds for four or more readmissions in pediatric patients compared with adults.

Conclusion

Area deprivation was predictive of recurrent DKA admissions, with a more pronounced influence in pediatric than adult patients with T1D. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms behind these associations and address disparities specific to each population.
New Method of Destroying Waste Anesthetic Gases Using Gas-Phase Photochemistry
Authors: Rauchenwald Verena , Rollins Mark D. , Ryan Susan M. , Voronov Alex , Feiner John R. , Šarka Karolis , Johnson Matthew S.
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND:

The inhalation anesthetics are potent greenhouse gases. To reduce the global environmental impact of the health care sector, technologies are sought to limit the release of waste anesthetic gas into the atmosphere.

METHODS:

Using a photochemical exhaust gas destruction system, removal efficiencies for nitrous oxide, desflurane, and sevoflurane were measured at various inlet concentrations (25% and 50%; 1.5%, 3.0%, and 6.0%; and 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%, respectively) with flow rates ranging from 0.25 to 2.0 L/min. To evaluate the economic competitiveness of the anesthetic waste gas destruction system, its price per ton of carbon dioxide equivalent was calculated and compared to other greenhouse gas abatement technologies and current market prices.

RESULTS:

All inhaled anesthetics evaluated demonstrate enhanced removal efficiencies with decreasing flow rates (P < .0001). Depending on the anesthetic and its concentration, the photochemical exhaust gas destruction system exhibits a constant first-order removal rate, k. However, there was not a simple relation between the removal rate k and the species concentration. The costs for removing a ton of carbon dioxide equivalents are <$0.005 for desflurane, <$0.114 for sevoflurane, and <$49 for nitrous oxide.

CONCLUSIONS:

Based on this prototype study, destroying sevoflurane and desflurane with this photochemical anesthetic waste gas destruction system design is efficient and cost-effective. This is likely also true for other halogenated inhalational anesthetics such as isoflurane. Due to differing chemistry of nitrous oxide, modifications of this prototype photochemical reactor system are necessary to improve its removal efficiency for this gas.
Point-of-Care Blood Testing: The Technology Behind the Numbers
Authors: Siegrist Kara K. , Rice Mark J.
Published: April 2019

Minutes count in the operating room when it comes to treatment guidance and therapies. On a daily basis, anesthesiologists make hundreds of decisions, some based on laboratory results, when guiding patient therapies. When time is crucial, point-of-care testing is often utilized for expediency. However, point-of-care testing has its limitations. Providers should be aware of the limitations, including the potential for error in results—errors that could lead to improper treatment and possible patient harm. This article outlines the technical aspects and summarizes pitfalls in accuracy for 2 of the most commonly utilized point-of-care testing devices: glucose meters and hemoglobin meters.
Use of a Flexible-Tipped “Bougie” During Videolaryngoscopic Intubation in a Patient With a Base of Tongue Tumor: A Case Report
Authors: Bhanabhai Louisa-Rose , Cormack John R. , Langley Bridget
Published: April 2019

A patient with a base of tongue tumor was judged to be safe to intubate under general anesthesia, with a new flexible tip “bougie.” This enabled rapid and easy navigation around the distorted anatomy caused by the tumor. The bougie’s tip can be flexed or extended by activating a slide on the shaft and was intended for use with the hyperangulated blade of a videolaryngoscope.
Successful Application of Optiflow THRIVE to Restore Oxygenation and Facilitate Retrieval of an Aspirated Nut in a Severely Hypoxic Child: A Case Report
Authors: Baker Paul A. , Rankin Lorna
Published: April 2019

In this case, the novel use of high-flow nasal oxygen successfully treated severe hypoxia by delivering oxygen through a very narrow space between the bronchoscope and the tracheal wall. Removal of a foreign body from a child’s lung can be associated with hypoxia and cardiorespiratory arrest. The shared airway of the bronchoscope must allow surgical instrumentation and oxygenation. This simultaneous use can compromise gas exchange, leading to hypoxia. In this case, high-flow nasal oxygen supplemented bronchoscope oxygenation to treat a severely hypoxic child and facilitate subsequent removal of a peanut without further incident.
Transfer Learning Effects of Biofeedback Running Retraining in Untrained Conditions
Authors: ZHANG JANET HANWEN , CHAN ZOE YAU-SHAN , AU IVAN PUI-HUNG , AN WINKO WENKANG , SHULL PETER BRADLEY , CHEUNG ROY TSZ-HEI
Published: April 2019

Purpose

Running gait retraining via peak tibial shock biofeedback has been previously shown to reduce impact loading and mitigate running-related symptoms. In previous research, peak tibial shock is typically measured and trained for one limb at a single constant training speed during all training sessions. The goal of this study was to determine how runners transfer learning in the trained limb to the untrained limb at different unconstrained speeds.

Methods

Thirteen runners (3 females, age = 41.1 ± 6.9 yr, running experience = 6.8 ± 4.4 yr, weekly running distance = 30.7 ± 22.2 km) underwent running gait biofeedback retraining via continuous tibial acceleration measured at the right distal tibia. Before and after the training, participants were asked to run at their self-selected constrained training speeds (2.8 ± 0.2 m·s−1) and at 110% and 90% of the training speed. Pretraining and posttraining peak tibial shock values for each limb were compared.

Results

Participants reduced peak tibial shock in the trained limb by 35% to 37% (P < 0.05, Cohen’s d = 0.78–0.85), and in the untrained limb by 20% to 23% (P < 0.05, Cohen’s d = 0.51–0.71) across the three testing speeds. The reduction was not significantly different between the trained and untrained limbs (P = 0.31–0.79, Cohen’s d = 0.18–0.45). Similarly, there was no difference in peak tibial shock reduction among the three running speeds (P = 0.48–0.61, Cohen’s d = 0.06–0.45).

Conclusion

Participants demonstrated transfer learning effects evidenced by concomitant reduced peak tibial shock in the untrained limb, and the learning effects were retrained when running at a 10% variance of the training speed.
A Bioconductor workflow for the Bayesian analysis of spatial proteomics
Authors: Crook Oliver M. , Breckels Lisa M. , Lilley Kathryn S. , Kirk Paul D.W. , Gatto Laurent
Published: April 2019

Knowledge of the subcellular location of a protein gives valuable insight into its function. The field of spatial proteomics has become increasingly popular due to improved multiplexing capabilities in high-throughput mass spectrometry, which have made it possible to systematically localise thousands of proteins per experiment. In parallel with these experimental advances, improved methods for analysing spatial proteomics data have also been developed. In this workflow, we demonstrate using `pRoloc` for the Bayesian analysis of spatial proteomics data. We detail the software infrastructure and then provide step-by-step guidance of the analysis, including setting up a pipeline, assessing convergence, and interpreting downstream results. In several places we provide additional details on Bayesian analysis to provide users with a holistic view of Bayesian analysis for spatial proteomics data.
Teaching Analytical Textual Activity of Children for Skills Formation in Creating Their Own Texts
Authors: Васильевых И. , Vasil'evyh I.
Published: April 2019

The article, based on data from a survey conducted among primary school teachers and language teachers, analyzes the problem of ensuring continuity in teaching analytical textual activity of schoolchildren. Mastering the skills of analytical work with text by schoolchildren is considered as the most important condition for their ability to create their own texts. The author suggests approaches to the content of text-based learning, characterizes the stages of organizing the work of a teacher in developing the skills of independent creation of written statements by younger

schoolchildren.
"Orthodox quiet don" in the works of M. A. Sholokhov and his predecessors
Authors: Сатарова Людмила , Satarova Lyudmila
Published: April 2019

This monograph poses the problem of the return of Don prose and journalism in full, and therefore the return of the works of M.A. Sholokhov in its natural direc The author of the work proposed her own way of research, far from a narrow, sometimes speculative formulation of the problem of co-authorship, and from a negative attitude to what was done in Don prose before M.A. Sholokhov. The paper determines the interaction of M.A. Sholokhov with his predecessors, as the organic continuity of a certain circle of ideas, types of character, Christian values system, which were formed by a number of writers of the turn of the century.
The book is written for students-philologists, university professors, as well as anyone interested in the history and culture of the Cossacks.
Alternative Approaches to Comparative nth-Degree Risk Aversion
Authors: Liu Liqun , Neilson William S.
Published: April 2019

This paper extends the three main approaches to comparative risk aversion—the risk premium approach and the probability premium approach of Pratt (1964) [Risk aversion in the small and in the large. Econometrica 32(1-2):122–136] and the comparative statics approach of Jindapon and Neilson (2007) [Higher-order generalizations of Arrow-Pratt and Ross risk aversion: A comparative statics approach. J. Econom. Theory 136(1):719–728]—to study comparative nth-degree risk aversion. These extensions can accommodate trading off an nth-degree risk increase and an mth-degree risk increase for any m, such that [Formula: see text]. It goes on to show that, in the expected utility framework, all of these general notions of comparative nth-degree risk aversion are equivalent and can be characterized by the concept of (n/m)th-degree Ross more risk aversion of Liu and Meyer (2013) [Substituting one risk increase for another: A method for measuring risk aversion. J. Econom. Theory 148(6):2706–2718].

This paper was accepted by Han Bleichrodt, decision analysis.
Predicting Risk Perception: New Insights from Data Science
Authors: Bhatia Sudeep
Published: April 2019

We outline computational techniques for predicting perceptions of risk. Our approach uses the structure of word distribution in natural language data to uncover rich representations for a very large set of naturalistic risk sources. With the application of standard machine learning techniques, we are able to accurately map these representations onto participant risk ratings. Unlike existing methods in risk perception research, our approach does not require any specialized participant data and is capable of generalizing its learned mappings to make quantitative predictions for novel (out-of-sample) risks. Our approach is also able to quantify the strength of association between risk sources and a very large set of words and concepts and, thus, can be used to identify the cognitive and affective factors with the strongest relationship with risk perception and behavior.

This paper was accepted by Elke Weber, accounting.
What to Tell Your Patients: A Critical Review of the JAMA Cardiology Meta-Analysis “Associations of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplement use with Cardiovascular Disease Risks”
Authors: Vasquez Alex , Sutherland Elizabeth
Published: April 2019

Authors of a meta-analysis recently published in JAMA Cardiology concluded that omega-3 fatty acids have no significant association with fatal or nonfatal coronary heart disease or any major vascular events. This critical review examines participant profile, intervention dosage, bioavailability of intervention, and duration of therapy for the cited trials and determines that the conclusion of the meta-analysis is tentative at best.
Features of carbohydrate metabolism in a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus in subclinical hypothyroidism in the outcome of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis
Authors: Mikhina Margarita S. , Troshina Ekaterina A. , Nikonova Tatiana V.
Published: April 2019

Diabetes mellitus and primary hypothyroidism, in the outcome of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, the two most common diseases in endocrinology and the practicing doctor are important not to forget about the possible association of these pathologies. This applies to patients with diabetes mellitus, both 1 and 2 types. However, the combination of these two pathologies is more common in type 1 diabetes, which is due to the autoimmune nature of these diseases. A clinical case of a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus, which is on pump insulin therapy, is presented, which, in the background of previously selected therapy, during the last 2 months, episodes of hypoglycemia increased. In the course of the survey, primary subclinical hypothyroidism was identified, in the outcome of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. Against the background of the achievement of euthyroidism, it was possible to achieve compensation of carbohydrate metabolism without correction of previously selected insulin therapy. The high incidence of thyroid dysfunction in patients with diabetes mellitus, and as a consequence, the deterioration in the compensation of carbohydrate metabolism, requires a systematic screening of thyroid disorders in the presence of diabetes mellitus.
Efectos espaciales de la tematización cultural para la recreación y el turismo en los corredores culturales peatonales del Centro Histórico de la Ciudad de México
Authors: Salas Benítez César Mauricio , López López Álvaro
Published: April 2019

Este artículo aborda las improntas territoriales de la peatonalización de los dos corredores culturales más importantes del Centro Histórico de la Ciudad de México (CHCM): Regina-San Jerónimo y Madero-Gante-Condesa. Dichos corredores forman parte de los programas de rehabilitación patrimonial de los gobiernos local y federal que, con el fin de incentivar la economía local, han reorientado las actividades hacia el turismo y el consumo cultural mediante la tematización patrimonial, lo que ha resultado en cambios en el uso del suelo hacia actividades orientadas al ocio, la recreación y el turismo, y un incipiente proceso de gentrificación en determinados espacios.
Agricultura Urbana y Periurbana. Reconfiguraciones territoriales y potencialidades en torno a los sistemas alimentarios urbanos
Authors: Avila-Sanchez Hector
Published: April 2019

La práctica de actividades agrícolas en las ciudades se ha difundido en numerosos países, independientemente de sus condiciones socio-políticas y económicas. Se han conformado expresiones territoriales precisas a partir de las interacciones de la ruralidad con la dinámica urbana, fundamentalmente las modalidades en las prácticas agrícolas y su rol potencial en la gestión sustentable y la seguridad alimentaria de los espacios urbanos y periurbanos. Se presentan algunos debates contemporáneos en torno al papel que desempeña la Agricultura Urbana y Periurbana (AUP), en la reconfiguración de los sistemas metropolitanos y su entorno rural. Se exponen algunas expresiones territoriales y se analizan diversos cuestionamientos en torno al sentido y potencialidades reales de las prácticas agrícolas urbanas, en términos de la sustentabilidad y su incidencia en los patrones alimentarios urbanos. Se acota el fenómeno a lo que acontece en ámbitos urbanos en Europa Occidental, América del Norte y América Latina. Se concluye que, si bien su práctica se ha acrecentado, hasta el momento, la AUP no ha alcanzado una presencia significativa en los sistemas alimentarios urbanos y su consideración es aún marginal en la construcción de las políticas públicas territoriales. En los países desarrollados, su impacto ha sido sobre todo en términos terapéuticos, paisajísticos (espacios verdes) y en la salvaguarda patrimonial de los espacios urbanos y periurbanos; en los países pobres, ha trascendido en el autoabasto de la población urbana de bajos recursos, en la recuperación de espacios públicos, en el fortalecimiento del tejido social y en el desarrollo comunitario
EU diplomacy as a quantum superposition: towards a conceptual common ground for interdisciplinary studies of a pluralising phenomenon?
Authors: Rasmussen Steffen Bay
Published: April 2019

La diplomacia de la UE como una superposición cuántica: ¿hacia un marco conceptual para investigaciones multidisciplinares de un fenómeno de pluralización? Este artículo tiene como objetivo definir el concepto de diplomacia, así como conceptos relacionados, para establecer un marco conceptual para investigaciones multidisciplinares de la diplomacia contemporánea, considerando tanto la naturaleza esencial de la diplomacia como las implicaciones epistemológicas de una investigación científica multi-paradigmática. La diplomacia como fenómeno está inmersa en un proceso de pluralización en cuanto a actores y prácticas, lo que junto con la necesidad de acomodar enfoques empíricos muy diversos conlleva a la definición del concepto de diplomacia en términos de la gestión de las relaciones entre pueblos alienados. Para solucionar el problema de cómo estudiar la diplomacia desde diferentes enfoques paradigmáticos simultáneamente y de forma coherente, se propone conceptualizar la diplomacia de la UE como una superposición de distintos estados cuánticos. El artículo termina con una discusión de las consecuencias epistemológicas de la investigación multi-paradigmática posibilitado por la consideración de la diplomacia de la UE como una superposición cuántica.
Influencia de los actores internacionales no-estatales en las estrategias diplomáticas: consideraciones desde la comunicación pública
Authors: La Porte Teresa
Published: April 2019

La proliferación de actores no estatales está transformando gradualmente las relaciones diplomáticas: desafían aquellas establecidas sobre nociones de soberanía a favor de configuraciones alternativas construidas alrededor de valores compartidos o asuntos transnacionales. Los actores no-estatales ejercen un poder de influencia que aconseja la adaptación de la diplomacia tradicional para establecer una relación apropiada con ellos. Aunque la legitimidad de los actores no-estatales para intervenir en diplomacia es controvertida, la hipótesis del trabajo defiende que su legitimidad se basa en la eficacia con que contribuyen a hacer frente a amenazas globales y en la representación cuantitativa o cualitativa de la ciudadanía. Ambas condiciones exigen la habilidad del actor no-estatal para gestionar su comunicación pública. La habilidad comunicativa consiste en difundir mensajes convincentes, de forma coherente con su identidad y capaces de atraer el apoyo del público. El análisis sugiere propuestas para guiar un cambio en la diplomacia que permita aprovechar la relación con estos nuevos actores.
Los parlamentos nacionales de la UE y el reconocimiento de Palestina: ¿innovando «de verdad» o «solo» prestando más apoyo?
Authors: Stavridis Stelios , Gianniou Maria , Cofelice Andrea
Published: April 2019

La diplomacia de la Unión Europea siempre ha prestado mucha atención al conflicto palestinoisraelí. Uno de los elementos clave en ello es el reconocimiento de un estado palestino. Este artículo analiza este aspecto en particular ahora que Suecia ha reconocido tal estado, pero lo ha hecho no solo teniendo en cuenta a las instituciones y estados de la UE: también cubre las reacciones de tres parlamentos nacionales: los de España, Italia y Grecia. Por tanto, este artículo enriquece tanto a los estudios sobre la diplomacia de la UE como a los de la diplomacia parlamentaria, lo que es un área emergente en la investigación académica.
La codificación del derecho diplomático: una perspectiva histórica
Authors: Sáenz de Santa María Gómez-Mampaso Blanca
Published: April 2019

El estudio de la Diplomacia desde la historia se centra en tres focos fundamentalmente: las relaciones entre los Pueblos y las políticas que las guían, la acción de los agentes diplomáticos y los tratados entendidos como resultados de la negociación. Por ello, su análisis puede ser abordado desde múltiples perspectivas; entre ellas, el Derecho Internacional. El objetivo del presente artículo es aproximarse al proceso de codificación de la Diplomacia como rama del Derecho Internacional, desde la regulación de categorías entre los agentes diplomáticos establecida por el Congreso de Viena de 1814-1815 hasta las Convenciones de la ONU elaboradas en las décadas de 1960 y 1970.
Our Approach to the Conservative Treatment of the Dislocated Hip in Developmental Dysplasia
Authors: Šponer Pavel , Pellar David , Karpaš Karel
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of traction in achieving closed reduction of a dislocated hip. We evaluated 38 hips in 29 consecutive patients who had been treated at our department between January 1999 and December 2001. There were 26 girls and 3 boys and the average age was 8 weeks. The minimal duration of follow-ups was 12 months after closed reduction. We achieved 32 concentricaly reduced hips, the barriers to the concentric reduction were demonstrated by arthrography in 5 hips and 1 hip redislocated after removal of the spica cast. Avascular necrosis of the femoral head developed in no conservatively treated hip. The traction reduction method is preferred at our department because of high rate of success without damaging the femoral head.
Infective Endocarditis Caused by Group G Streptococcus with Multiple Cerebral Emboli
Authors: Erdem Ilknur , Goktas Pasa , Demirtunc Refik , Erdem Aysun
Published: April 2019

The group G streptococcal endocarditis is a rare form of infective endocarditis. In this form of infective endocarditis, serious neurological complications most commonly develop. We reported this case because of its being an unusual form of infective endocarditis that was caused by Group G Streptococcus. We also reviewed the literature. The patient was admitted to infectious disease service with a presumptive diagnosis of central nervous system infection. Blood cultures were positive for group G streptococcus. There was a mass on the posterior surface of the mitral valve which was 2x 2.5 cm in length on the echocardiography. In the cranial computerized tomography of our patient, slightly increased contrast media uptake was observed in the both parietal lobes, in the both frontal lobes, and in the anterior areas of right occipital lobe. Therefore, this case was assumed as infective endocarditis caused by group G streptococcus with multiple cerebral emboli. Ceftriaxone was given for 4 weeks and gentamicin was given for 2 weeks, and progressive improvement of the patient’s condition was seen.
Risk shocks with time-varying higher moments
Authors: Dorofeenko Victor , Lee Gabriel , Salyer Kevin , Strobel Johannes
Published: April 2019

Within the context of a financial accelerator model, we model time-varying uncertainty (i.e. risk shocks) through the use of a mixture normal model with time variation in the weights applied to the underlying distributions characterizing entrepreneur productivity. Specifically, we model capital producers (i.e. the entrepreneurs) as either low-risk (a relatively small second moment of productivity) or high-risk (a relatively large second moment of productivity) and the fraction of both types is time-varying. We show that this modeling feature implies that the aggregate distribution of productivity shocks is non-normal and has time varying kurtosis and skewness; both of these features have important effects on equilibrium characteristics. In particular, after estimating the steady-state share and the change in the fraction of risky entrepreneurs, we show that a small change in the fraction of risky types can result in a large quantitative effect of a risk shock relative to standard models for both financial and real variables. Moreover, the bankruptcy rate and the risk premium in the economy are very sensitive to a change in the composition of entrepreneurs.
Redewiedergabe in Online-Pressetexten – kontrastiv
Authors: Pitz Anneliese , Solfjeld Kåre
Published: April 2019

This article looks into what structures are used to report longer sequences of speech in German, English and Norwegian online press media. In German the subjunctive is used to signal speech report, and so there is a wider range of structural possibilities in German than in English and Norwegian, which have no counterparts to the subjunctive. The study is corpus-based and identifies and compares recurring patterns in reported sequences in the three languages, as well as type and range of verbs of utterance. The concept of syntactical integration of the reported speech and markers of report (Leistner 2016) is central. The study shows that also in the two languages without subjunctive the source of a text part is in general clear: The reader knows whether the text part stems from the journalist or from a reported person. The structural variety in German is outweighed by long sequences of direct speech in English and Norwegian, unambiguously identified as report. This seems to entail a stronger obligation to the wording of the original in English and Norwegian than in German, which on the other hand displays a stronger structural variation.
Choque de paradigmas: análisis a las prohibiciones de Tamburini y Retz a diversas tesis modernas
Authors: Hernández Rodríguez Juan Camilo , Pérez Bedoya Jhonatan
Published: April 2019

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo comentar algunas prohibiciones del padre Miguel Ángel de Tamburini y del padre Francisco Retz (dos filósofos escolásticos modernos) explicando los conceptos fundamentales de dichas prohibiciones a través de un método analítico y relacionándolos posteriormente bajo un método sintético con los argumentos presentados. Esto último permitirá realizar una reconstrucción de las prohibiciones cuyo ensamble se consolidará en argumentos breves. Asimismo, evaluar cuáles pueden ser las causas o los fundamentos que subyacen en las prohibiciones mismas, es decir, evaluar las causas de su veto. Finalmente, determinar las implicaciones filosóficas de las  prohibiciones desde Descartes, Leibniz y Spinoza y sus correspondientes visiones de la Creación, la voluntad, el determinismo y el principio de individuación.