bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Σύγκριση Ιστότοπων Ομοειδών Ελληνικών Επιχειρήσεων Παραγωγής και Εμπορίας Προϊόντων
Authors: Ανάργυρος - Άρης Κουμπαρέλης
Published: November 2022

Το πέρασμα της κοινωνίας στην ψηφιακή εποχή εμπλούτισε το μάρκετινγκ με τα νέα δεδομένα και τις αντίστοιχες δυνατότητες των ψηφιακών μέσων, γεγονός που σηματοδότησε τη μετάβασή στο ψηφιακό γίγνεσθαι, δηλαδή, την ψηφιακή επικοινωνία με όλα τα συμπαρομαρτούντα των πλεονεκτημάτων και των μειονεκτημάτων της. Σ’ αυτό το καινοτόμο πλαίσιο, το μάρκετινγκ ζωντανής σύνδεσης και, εν προκειμένω, τα ιστόπεδα των επιχειρήσεων είναι, ταυτόχρονα, εργαλεία και μηχανισμοί προβολής και εμπορίας προϊόντων (και υπηρεσιών). Το παρόν άρθρο περιγράφει τη λειτουργία αυτού του μηχανισμού μέσα από ιστότοπους ομοειδών προϊόντων-μαρκών, τους οποίους συγκρίνει ανά δύο, με βάση τον τροπικότητα (“τρόπο”) των εργαλείων που το συναποτελούν και υπάρχουν στο menu τους. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, εδώ εξετάζονται τέσσερα ζεύγη ιστότοπων ομοειδών προϊόντων που καλύπτουν ένα σημαντικό φάσμα της κατανάλωσης, τα οποία και επιλέχτηκαν με κριτήριο την «ανάμιξη» των καταναλωτών με αυτά, όπως αναλύεται ο όρος αυτός από τους Rossiter & Percy. Έτσι, με δεδομένο ότι ο ιστότοπος μιας επιχείρησης υπόκειται σε επεξεργασίες που διασφαλίζουν την ελκυστικότητα, τη λειτουργικότητα και, εντέλει, την ειδοποιό του διαφορά από άλλους, ζητούμενο της μελέτης είναι η διάκριση και ακολούθως η κατάταξη των λειτουργιών τους με βάση τον προωθητικό ή ελκτικό τους χαρακτήρα, όπως αναλύεται αυτός στο μάρκετινγκ μέσα από τις γνωστές πλέον τακτικές ή στρατηγικές Ώθησης και Έλξης (Push & Pull). Από τα έντεκα εργαλεία του «Μάρκετινγκ Ζωντανής Σύνδεσης», έξι από αυτά αφορούν σχεδόν αποκλειστικά εκείνους που ελέγχουν τους ιστότοπους επιχειρήσεων. Ο ρόλος των έξι αυτών εργαλείων εποπτικός, είναι δηλαδή ο ρόλος ενός ματιού που βλέπει και καταγράφει τα πάντα. Τα δεδομένα που προκύπτουν από αυτή την καταγραφή αποβλέπουν στη βελτίωση του ιστότοπου προς αμοιβαίο όφελος επιχείρησης και επισκεπτών, πάντα στο πλαίσιο μιας ανταγωνιστικής αγοράς. Τα υπόλοιπα πέντε εργαλεία, που ουσιαστικά είναι τέσσερα αφού ένα από αυτά είναι ο ιστότοπος-website μιας επιχείρησης (το αντικείμενο της μελέτης δηλαδή). Η σύγκριση δεν είναι εύκολη για δύο λόγους: ο πρώτος έχει να κάνει με το μεγάλο όγκο τους, ενώ ο δεύτερος με το γεγονός ότι η μελέτη ιστότοπων επιχειρήσεων αποτελεί έρευνα πάνω σε κινούμενη άμμο.
Αξιολόγηση της αποτελεσματικότητας των ιστοτόπων των Παγκόσμιων Γεωπάρκων UNESCO
Authors: Σιμάτου Ανδρονίκη , Ξανθάκης Μιχαήλ , Ζουμπούλη Έλενα , Μινέτος Παναγιώτης , Αντωνόπουλος Νίκος
Published: November 2022

Αναφορικά με τα δεδομένα της σημερινής εποχής και τον τρόπο που προάγεται η βιώσιμη ανάπτυξη, είναι επιτακτική ανάγκη τα διεθνούς φήμης αναγνωρισμένα γεωπάρκα να λειτουργούν με έναν εξίσου αειφόρο τρόπο ανάπτυξης και να το μεταλαμπαδεύουν στον τουρίστα, μέσω των ιστοσελίδων τους. Αυτή η μελέτη λοιπόν, επικεντρώνεται στη δημιουργία ενός βιώσιμου μέσου με ολοκληρωμένους παράγοντες, οι οποίοι θα καταστήσουν τους τουριστικούς αυτούς ιστοτόπους τωνγεωπάρκων χρήσιμους και πλήρεις, αναφορικά με τα κριτήρια που τέθηκαν. Η έρευνα πραγματοποιήθηκε μεταξύ των 177 παγκοσμίου φήμης αναγνωρισμένων γεωπάρκων, των 46 χωρών, με τη διαδικασία επιλογής ορισμένων μεταβλητών, πουθεωρούνται απαραίτητες για την ολοκληρωμένη δημοσίευση των ιστοσελίδων, σε παγκόσμια κλίμακα. Τέλος, οι πληροφορίες και τα αποτελέσματα που αντλήθηκαν για τις ιστοσελίδες των γεωπάρκων είναι αρκετά ικανοποιητικές, με ελάχιστες από αυτέςνα χρειάζονται βελτίωση.
Case Report: Takotsubo syndrome in a postoperative patient without cardiological disease
Authors: Coaguila-Cusicanqui Luis , Castillo-Atoche Vanessa , Montalvo-Suyon Roberto , Cavero-Reyes Yuriko , Failoc-Rojas Virgilio E.
Published: November 2022

Background: Takotsubo syndrome (TS) is characterized by a clinical presentation that mimics acute coronary syndrome but is reversible. Alterations of Takotsubo in patients without previous heart disease remain a challenge for diagnosis.

Case report: We present a case of an 80-year-old patient from Peru. The patient underwent surgery, with the diagnosis of Chilaiditi’s syndrome. One day after surgery, she presented with dyspnea, tachycardia, and electrocardiographic changes (paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and infrequent ventricular extrasystoles without abnormalities in the ST-segment). The diagnosis of Takotsubo syndrome with cardiogenic shock was made. She was hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit and was managed with vasopressors and nitroglycerin. There was no cardiac lesion in the cineangiogram or occlusion of arteries. The patient was extubated and received daily dialysis until discharge.

Conclusions: Takotsubo is an emotional, non-cardiac, or post-traumatic stressful event that triggers myocardial injury with segmental anomalous, the possible etiology of which is the release of an endothelial neurotransmitter caused by stress. Emergency physicians should be aware of this as even patients without previous cardiac pathologies when exposed to stressors (such as surgeries) develop emergency symptomatology similar to myocardial infarction. Thus, emergency physicians should identify any cardiac abnormalities after a stressor, as well as be prepared for the diagnosis of TS.
Epidemic process of tularemia in the world and in the south of Ukraine
Authors: Jurtubaeva G. , Savchuk A. , Kozishkurt O. , Gerasimenko O. , Gaidei V. , Kostolonova L.
Published: November 2022

Present day tularemia prevalence in the world and in Ukraine is described as well as the current epidemic and epizootic situation in various regions. The mechanisms of transmission of the pathogen are discussed. The causative agent of tularemia Francisella subsp. tularensis is one of the most virulent microorganisms of the highest priority (category "A"). This can be used as a biological weapon, and so poses a real threat to the humanity’s security. Human infection occurs as a result of bites by infected blood-sucking arthropods (mosquitoes, thrips, ticks), consumption of rodent-contaminated food and water, inhalation of air-dust aerosol from diseased rodents contaminated with the pathogen, and also after direct contact with infected animals (hunting, caring for pets, carcass processing). Isolates of the most virulent for humans and animals subspecies F. tularensis subsp. tularensis circulate only in North America. The less virulent subspecies F. tularensis subsp. Holarctica circulates in North America, Europe, Asia (Japan), Australia (including Tasmania). The wide distribution of this subspecies in the world is due to its ability to exist in the aquatic environment. In most European countries, the terrestrial cycle of existence of the tularemia microbe is dominant, in the body of small mammals and carriers of the pathogen - mosquitoes, ticks, and whiteflies. The main clinical form of tularemia is ulcerative-bubonic, it is quite easily diagnosed, infection occurs as a result of bites by infected blood-sucking arthropods. Anginal-bubonic and gastrointestinal forms are diagnosed in hot countries, they are associated with the consumption of food and water contaminated by rodents. In the nearest future the worsening of tularemia epidemic situation in various regions of the world is predicted due to the activation of enzootic centers and lack of vaccination of risk groups persons and the population of endemic areas.
The risk of drinking water with excessive nitrate content by residents of different age categories of the Ternopil region.
Authors: Danchyshyn M. , Lototska O.
Published: November 2022

Introduction Human health largely depends on the quality of the water he consumes. The impact of drinking water quality on public health depends on a number of factors. Thus, water pollution with above-normal concentrations of nitrates leads to the occurrence of water-nitrate methemoglobinemia in children, a decrease in the general resistance of the body, which contributes to an increase in the level of general morbidity, in particular, infectious and oncological diseases. It is reported that a positive correlation of the level of cardiovascular morbidity was found in the presence of nitrates.

The aim of the study: to assess the risks of nitrate pollution of water from individual wells on the health of residents of different age groups in certain districts of the Ternopil region.

Material and methods: the research was conducted in 5 districts of Ternopil region. A total of 1,495 samples of drinking water from individual wells were analyzed, the water from which is used to feed all segments of the population, including children and pregnant women.In order to assess the degree of risk of drinking water with excessive nitrate content for the health of the population of different age groups, the indicators of daily intake (ADD) of a chemical substance in the body of consumers and the hazard ratio (HQ) were calculated according to the method of risk assessment from exposure to chemical substances that pollute the environmentResults and discussion: According to the results of laboratory studies, the highest content of nitrates was found in the wells of the Zalishchytsky district - from 57.7 to 153.0 mg/dm3, in other districts the level fluctuated within the following limits: in Pidvolochysk - from 92.4 to 139.0 mg/dm3. Borshchivskyi - from 59.2 to 133.2 mg/dm3, Ternopilskyi - from 73.9 to 98.4 mg/dm3, and Terebovlyanskyi - from 50.5 to 57.8 mg/dm3. The calculated value of the average daily dose (ADD) of the intake of nitrates with drinking water to the body of residents of the above-described regions of the Ternopil region ranges from 2.5 to 7.7 for children; 1.6 - 4.8 - for teenagers (Table 1).; 1.9 - 5.1 for women and 1.8 - 4.9 for men. When assessing the risk to the health of the population, it was found that the hazard ratio at the minimum concentration of nitrates in drinking water determined by us was 1.5 for children, and 1.2 for teenagers. At the maximum concentration of nitrates, the HQ is 4.8 and 3.0, respectively, for children and adolescents. At the minimum concentration of nitrates in drinking water, the hazard ratio for women was 1.0; at the maximum concentration – 3.2. For men, the HQ is 1.0 and 3.0, for minimum and maximum nitrate concentrationsSummary: The risk of negative effects when drinking the same water is greater in children compared to other categories of the population.
História indígena no Brasil independente: da ameaça do desaparecimento ao protagosnismo e cidadania diferenciada
Authors: Baniwa Gersem
Published: November 2022

O indígena brasileiro sempre foi uma parte constitutiva do processo de formação territorial, social e política do Brasil e sua conformação sociocultural, econômica e geopolítica não pode ser compreendida sem considerar as populações aqui estabelecidas desde milhares de anos, com suas formas de organização sociocultural e domínio territorial. Os povos indígenas contribuíram com as riquezas de suas terras, com seus conhecimentos milenares e com seu suor e sangue para a construção da nação brasileira
Ensaios para figurações: indústria do gênero e ilhas dos afetos
Authors: Maurente Vanessa , Costa Luis Artur , Maraschin Cleci
Published: November 2022

Entre os anos de 2018 e 2021, produzimos, no Núcleo de Ecologias e Políticas Cognitivas (NUCOGS) dois jogos: “Indústria do gênero” e “Ilha dos afetos”, buscando provocar breakdowns e contágios sensíveis que desloquem regimes de sensibilidade, dizibilidade, visibilidade de modo a complexificar-singularizar tramas de afetações e romper com políticas narrativas da outridade e do alterocídio. Os jogos operam como figurações para construírem espaços narrativos colaborativos heterotópicos por meio dos quais xs jogadorxs possam estabelecer dispositivos coletivos analíticos que coloquem em cena e problematizemos modos de vivermos juntxs. O artigo desenvolve uma reflexão acerca da potência micropolítica de narrativas e de figurações como dispositivos clínico-políticos e ético-estéticos para transformar o campo de possibilidades de afetar e ser afetado. Discute experiências de criação e realização desses dois jogos que tensionam, produzindo breakdown em nossos regimes normativos para as questões de gênero, raça, sexualidade, deficiências, classe, nacionalidade, entre outras. A proposta é produzir um artigo teórico-empírico que articule os conceitos de figuração e breakdown com a inserção de relatos da construção e uso dos jogos com adultos e crianças.
Sobre ofício e cosmopolíticas: quando a vida no trabalho se torna defensável?
Authors: Hebert Fabio , Amador Fernanda Spanier , Prudente Jéssica , Barros Maria Elizabeth Barros de
Published: November 2022

O tema da defesa da vida que se afigura como defensável pelas práticas nos diversos segmentos do cotidiano ganha a tônica de nossas inquietações, especialmente no campo do trabalho. Como cuidar do trabalho é o mote de nossa indagação no presente distópico. É inviável sustentarmos uma gramática colonial, com suas naturalizações de participação, do pressuposto da cisão entre indivíduo/meio, e pensarmos o trabalho sem considerarmos outras cosmopolíticas. Gramática ainda hegemônica e que sustenta lógicas dos processos de trabalho há séculos em nosso país. Fizemos uma opção: olhar a gravidade dos ofícios no presente, criando ferramentas de análise. A ideia de ofício vai ao encontro das cosmopolíticas, pois analisar problemáticas do trabalho contemporâneo implica levar em conta a extrema precarização dos processos de trabalho - da vida. Que vida é defensável? A vida como potência é afirmada quando o trabalho é operador de saúde, do contrário trata-se de necropolítica.
Apoio Matricial: a experiência do CRAI no município de Vitória/ES
Authors: Nascimento Olga Maria do , Gomes Rafael Da Silveira , Heckert Ana Lucia Coelho
Published: November 2022

Este artigo apresenta dados da pesquisa que visou analisar os efeitos da implementação do Apoio Matricial (AM) na saúde do idoso efetuada pelo Centro de Referência de Atendimento ao Idoso (CRAI), situado no município de Vitória/ES, objetivando ofertar retaguarda especializada às questões assistenciais e suporte técnico-pedagógico às equipes de referência. As análises realizadas se pautaram no conceito de Apoio Matricial como tecnologia de gestão. A pesquisa abrangeu o momento que antecedeu a implantação do Apoio Matricial e o período de 05 anos após sua implantação. Os resultados do estudo apontam alterações na descrição dos motivos dos encaminhamentos, contendo dados que expressam a ampliação da clínica e o Apoio Matricial como uma ferramenta potente no cuidado ampliado para a saúde do idoso. Conclui-se que há necessidade de ampliação da rede de cuidados para o idoso, em especial para o idoso em risco de fragilização, e intensificação das ações de apoio matricial para as equipes das Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS).
Tear trough rejuvenation using Restylane Eyelight
Authors: Somji Munir
Published: November 2022

Hyaluronic acid filler injection treatment represents the second most commonly performed non-surgical treatment worldwide behind botulinum toxin injections ( International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, 2020 ). This should come as no surprise, as dermal filler treatments represent a swift non-surgical technique with immediate and long-lasting results. Consequently, such treatments are gaining global acceptance ( Berguiga and Galatoire, 2017 ). It is known that periocular rejuvenation is one of the chief concerns for patients seeking aesthetic enhancement ( Eyelight, 2020 ). Therefore, it is the author's belief that possessing the expertise to carry out tear trough rejuvenation is an important skill to acquire in one's medical practice. To achieve ideal results, the aesthetic practitioner must have an innate knowledge of anatomy, as well as assessment and treatment techniques of the area. This article will review the evidence relating to hyaluronic acid dermal fillers and the clinical outcomes for patients who require tear trough treatment.
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound does not promote bone healing and functional recovery after open wedge high tibial osteotomy
Authors: Goshima Kenichi , Sawaguchi Takeshi , Horii Takeshi , Shigemoto Kenji , Iwai Shintaro
Published: November 2022

Aims

To evaluate whether low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) accelerates bone healing at osteotomy sites and promotes functional recovery after open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO).

Methods

Overall, 90 patients who underwent OWHTO without bone grafting were enrolled in this nonrandomized retrospective study, and 45 patients treated with LIPUS were compared with 45 patients without LIPUS treatment in terms of bone healing and functional recovery postoperatively. Clinical evaluations, including the pain visual analogue scale (VAS) and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, were performed preoperatively as well as six weeks and three, six, and 12 months postoperatively. The progression rate of gap filling was evaluated using anteroposterior radiographs at six weeks and three, six, and 12 months postoperatively.

Results

The pain VAS and JOA scores significantly improved after OWHTO in both groups. Although the LIPUS group had better pain scores at six weeks and three months postoperatively, there were no significant differences in JOA score between the groups. The lateral hinge united at six weeks postoperatively in 34 (75.6%) knees in the control group and in 33 (73.3%) knees in the LIPUS group. The progression rates of gap filling in the LIPUS group were 8.0%, 15.0%, 27.2%, and 46.0% at six weeks and three, six, and 12 months postoperatively, respectively, whereas in the control group at the same time points they were 7.7%, 15.2%, 26.3%, and 44.0%, respectively. There were no significant differences in the progression rate of gap filling between the groups.

Conclusion

The present study demonstrated that LIPUS did not promote bone healing and functional recovery after OWHTO with a locking plate. The routine use of LIPUS after OWHTO was not recommended from the results of our study. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(11):885–893.
Artificial intelligence-generated hip radiological measurements are fast and adequate for reliable assessment of hip dysplasia
Authors: Archer Holden , Reine Seth , Alshaikhsalama Ahmed , Wells Joel , Kohli Ajay , Vazquez Louis , Hummer Allan , DiFranco Matthew D. , Ljuhar Richard , Xi Yin , Chhabra Avneesh
Published: November 2022

Aims

Hip dysplasia (HD) leads to premature osteoarthritis. Timely detection and correction of HD has been shown to improve pain, functional status, and hip longevity. Several time-consuming radiological measurements are currently used to confirm HD. An artificial intelligence (AI) software named HIPPO automatically locates anatomical landmarks on anteroposterior pelvis radiographs and performs the needed measurements. The primary aim of this study was to assess the reliability of this tool as compared to multi-reader evaluation in clinically proven cases of adult HD. The secondary aims were to assess the time savings achieved and evaluate inter-reader assessment.

Methods

A consecutive preoperative sample of 130 HD patients (256 hips) was used. This cohort included 82.3% females (n = 107) and 17.7% males (n = 23) with median patient age of 28.6 years (interquartile range (IQR) 22.5 to 37.2). Three trained readers’ measurements were compared to AI outputs of lateral centre-edge angle (LCEA), caput-collum-diaphyseal (CCD) angle, pelvic obliquity, Tönnis angle, Sharp’s angle, and femoral head coverage. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and Bland-Altman analyses were obtained.

Results

Among 256 hips with AI outputs, all six hip AI measurements were successfully obtained. The AI-reader correlations were generally good (ICC 0.60 to 0.74) to excellent (ICC > 0.75). There was lower agreement for CCD angle measurement. Most widely used measurements for HD diagnosis (LCEA and Tönnis angle) demonstrated good to excellent inter-method reliability (ICC 0.71 to 0.86 and 0.82 to 0.90, respectively). The median reading time for the three readers and AI was 212 (IQR 197 to 230), 131 (IQR 126 to 147), 734 (IQR 690 to 786), and 41 (IQR 38 to 44) seconds, respectively.

Conclusion

This study showed that AI-based software demonstrated reliable radiological assessment of patients with HD with significant interpretation-related time savings. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(11):877–884.
Decoherence of photon entanglement by transmission through brain tissue with Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Galvez E. J. , Sharma B. , Williams F. K. , You C.-J. , Khajavi B. , Castrillon J. , Shi L. , Mamani S. , Sordillo L. A. , Zhang L. , Alfano R. R.
Published: November 2022

The generation, manipulation and quantification of non-classical light, such as quantum-entangled photon pairs, differs significantly from methods with classical light. Thus, quantum measures could be harnessed to give new information about the interaction of light with matter. In this study we investigate if quantum entanglement can be used to diagnose disease. In particular, we test whether brain tissue from subjects suffering from Alzheimer’s disease can be distinguished from healthy tissue. We find that this is indeed the case. Polarization-entangled photons traveling through brain tissue lose their entanglement via a decohering scattering interaction that gradually renders the light in a maximally mixed state. We found that in thin tissue samples (between 120 and 600 micrometers) photons decohere to a distinguishable lesser degree in samples with Alzheimer’s disease than in healthy-control ones. Thus, it seems feasible that quantum measures of entangled photons could be used as a means to identify brain samples with the neurodegenerative disease.
Autocorrelation functions and power spectral densities of the Stokes parameters in a polarization speckle pattern
Authors: Wang Wei , Hanson Steen G. , Takeda Mitsuo
Published: November 2022

The concept of ensemble-average polarization and coherence has been applied to studying fluctuating Stokes parameters in a polarization speckle observed when coherent light is passed through a birefringent polarization scrambler. With the aid of the ensemble-average van Cittert–Zernike theorem for the propagation of ensemble-average polar-coherence, we invesitgate the autocorrelation functions and power spectra of the Stokes parameters to expose the dependence of the polarization-related scale-size distributions on the optical geometries in which the polarization speckle arises. A generalized concept of the Stokes ensemble-average coherence areas is introduced to deal with the polarization-related average areas associated with polarization speckle.
Polarization dynamics of a vertical external-cavity surface-emitting laser with a saturable absorber mirror
Authors: Castillo-Pinto Camila , Broda Artur , Sankowska Iwona , Muszalski Jan , Song Yufeng , Zhang Han , Panajotov Krassimir
Published: November 2022

We investigate experimentally the polarization dynamics of a vertical external-cavity surface-emitting laser with a saturable absorber mirror in the cavity. We demonstrate that the normalized Stokes parameters and degree of polarization are functions of time reaching extreme values around the pulse peaks. Our experiments show that light is elliptically polarized, being able to have a circular right-handed or left-handed component, depending on the orientation of the saturable absorber mirror.
Spatial and temporal adaptive nonuniformity correction for infrared focal plane arrays
Authors: Song Lingfei , Huang Hua
Published: November 2022

The nonuniformity inherently generated in infrared focal plane arrays (IRFPA) due to the inconsistent offsets of detectors severely degrades the performance of infrared imaging systems. This paper proposes a novel spatial and temporal adaptive nonuniformity correction (NUC) algorithm for the IRFPA, based on a statistical model of the infrared images. After subtracting the local means of an infrared image, the residuals are modeled as a collection of generalized Gaussian random variables with inhomogeneous means. Based on this model, a Maximum Likelihood estimation of the offsets is formally derived, producing an online adaptive temporal filter. The filtering result can be further refined by fusing it with the result of a spatial filter. Therefore, we derive an adaptive Wiener filter to remove the non-uniformity in a single frame and provide an adaptive fusion scheme based on the Minimum Mean Square Error criterion. The overall computational complexity of the proposed NUC algorithm is around

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for an infrared image with the size of m × n, which preserves the potential of the algorithm to be implemented on the board within a thermal camera. Extensive experiments on synthesized and real data have demonstrated the superior performance of the proposed algorithm.
Controlled fiber core mode and surface mode interaction for enhanced SERS performance
Authors: Zha Lei , Fang Xiaohui , Han Yu , Zhang Xinping
Published: November 2022

Three-dimensional surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) platform based on microstructure fibers has many advantages for rapid liquid detection due to its microfluidic channels and light guidance. The fiber mode field distribution determines the light-analyte interaction strength but has rarely been studied in SERS applications. In this paper, we numerically and experimentally investigate the mode field distribution in suspended-core fibers decorated with gold nanoparticles. The interaction between the core mode and surface mode is controlled by changing the density of gold nanoparticles on the inner surface. The avoided crossing wavelength shifts linearly to red with the decrease of the nanoparticle spacing. With an optimized nanoparticle spacing of 20 nm, the avoided crossing occurs near the laser wavelength of 633 nm, which greatly increases the power ratio in the liquid channels and hence improves the SERS performance. The detection limit for crystal violet was 10−9 M, and the enhancement factor was 108. The avoided crossing mechanism can be applied to all fiber SERS probes for sensitivity improvement.
Deep learning enabled reflective coded aperture snapshot spectral imaging
Authors: Yu Zhenming , Liu Diyi , Cheng Liming , Meng Ziyi , Zhao Zhengxiang , Yuan Xin , Xu Kun
Published: November 2022

Coded aperture snapshot spectral imaging (CASSI) can acquire rich spatial and spectral information at ultra-high speed, which shows extensive application prospects. CASSI innovatively employed the idea of compressive sensing to capture the spatial-spectral data cube using a monochromatic detector and used reconstruction algorithms to recover the desired spatial-spectral information. Based on the optical design, CASSI currently has two different implementations: single-disperser (SD) CASSI and dual-disperser (DD) CASSI. However, SD-CASSI has poor spatial resolution naturally while DD-CASSI increases size and cost because of the extra prism. In this work, we propose a deep learning-enabled reflective coded aperture snapshot spectral imaging (R-CASSI) system, which uses a mask and a beam splitter to receive the reflected light by utilizing the reflection of the mask. The optical path design of R-CASSI makes the optical system compact, using only one prism as two dispersers. Furthermore, an encoder-decoder structure with 3D convolution kernels is built for the reconstruction, dubbed U-net-3D. The designed U-net-3D network achieves both spatial and spectral consistency, leading to state-of-the-art reconstruction results. The real data is released and can serve as a benchmark dataset to test new reconstruction algorithms.
Narrow linewidth parity-time symmetric Brillouin fiber laser based on a dual-polarization cavity with a single micro-ring resonator
Authors: Liu Yi , Wang Linyi , Xu Xin , Jiang Kai , You Yajun , He Wenjun , Han Xuefeng , Hou Jiaxin , Chou Xiujian
Published: November 2022

A narrow linewidth parity-time (PT) symmetric Brillouin fiber laser (BFL) based on dual-polarization cavity (DPC) with single micro-ring resonator (MRR) is proposed and experimentally investigated. A 10 km single-mode fiber provides SBS gain, while a DPC consisting of optical coupler, polarization beam combiner and a MRR, is used to achieve PT symmetry. Due to the reciprocity of light propagation in the MRR, the PT symmetry BFL based on DPC implements two identical feedback loops that are connected to one another, one with a Brillouin gain coefficient and the other with a loss coefficient of the same magnitude, to break a PT symmetric. Compared with existing BFL studies, this design does not call for frequency matching of compound cavities structures or without ultra-narrow bandwidth bandpass filters. In the experiment, the 3-dB linewidth of PT symmetry BFL based on DPC with single MRR is 11.95 Hz with the threshold input power of 2.5 mW, according to the measured linewidth of 239 Hz at the -20 dB power point. And a 40 dB maximum mode suppression ratio are measured. Furthermore, the PT symmetry BFL's wavelength is tuned between 1549.60 and 1550.73 nm. This design with single longitudinal mode output can be applied to high coherent communication systems.
Revealing a one-dimensional optically cloaked surface using the spin Hall effect of light
Authors: Kim Minkyung , Lee Dasol
Published: November 2022

The realization of an optical cloak that can hide a target object is no longer fiction, yet distinguishing the optically cloaked surface from our illusion remains an open problem. Here, the detection of a one-dimensional optically cloaked surface is presented by leveraging the spin Hall effect of light, the microscopic and transverse splitting of linearly polarized light at an optical interface into two circular polarizations. We first derive an analytical formula for the spin Hall shift at a planar surface with a linear phase gradient and demonstrate that the spin Hall effect of light at the cloaked surface differs from that at its perceived image. The theoretical description and numerical computation are generalized for a curved surface with a nonlinear phase gradient. Two approaches for examining optically cloaked surfaces are presented, in which the unknown incident angle and phase gradient are successfully reproduced. This work suggests the potential of the spin Hall effect of light in various applications, including anti-counterfeiting and security.
Ultra-compact and broadband all-silicon TM-pass power splitter using subwavelength holey-structured metamaterial waveguides
Authors: Chen Yufei , Zhang Jiao , Zhu Min , Wu Shengbao , Xiao Jinbiao
Published: November 2022

Power splitters with polarization management features are highly desired to construct high-density silicon photonic integrated circuits. However, few attempts have been made to design a single device that can act as both a power splitter and a TE- or TM-pass polarizer. In this paper, for the first time, we experimentally demonstrate an ultra-compact and broadband all-silicon TM-pass power splitter, where a triple-guide directional coupler (TGDC) composed of three parallel subwavelength holey-structured metamaterial waveguides (SHMWs) is located at central coupling region and three regular strip waveguides are connected at the input/output ports. Such a SHMW can enhance the reflection to realize a wide stop-band for the undesired TE polarized light, while achieving the low loss transmission for the TM polarized light. Besides, the TM dispersion can be significantly flattened by the designed SHMWs, leading to a broadband power splitting for TM polarization. Simulated results show that an ultra-compact device of 1.7 × 4 µm2 in size is obtained with an insertion loss (IL) of 0.34 dB and an extinction ratio (ER) of 36 dB at 1550 nm, and its working bandwidth can be extended to ∼240 nm by keeping IL < 0.9 dB and ER > 16 dB. The measurements of the fabricated devices show low IL (<1 dB) and high ER (>15 dB) over the measured wavelength range of 1460 to 1580 nm, which is consistent with the simulation results.
Phase space topology of four-wave mixing reconstructed by a neural network
Authors: Sheveleva Anastasiia , Colman Pierre , Dudley John. M. , Finot Christophe
Published: November 2022

The dynamics of ideal four-wave mixing in optical fiber is reconstructed by taking advantage of the combination of experimental measurements together with supervised machine learning strategies. The training data consist of power-dependent spectral phase and amplitude recorded at the output of a short fiber segment. The neural network is shown to be able to accurately predict the nonlinear dynamics over tens of kilometers, and to retrieve the main features of the phase space topology including multiple Fermi–Pasta–Ulam recurrence cycles and the system separatrix boundary.
Dissipative Kerr solitons, breathers, and chimera states in coherently driven passive cavities with parabolic potential
Authors: Sun Yifan , Parra-Rivas Pedro , Ferraro Mario , Mangini Fabio , Zitelli Mario , Jauberteau Raphaël , Rinaldo Talenti Francesco , Wabnitz Stefan
Published: November 2022

We analyze the stability and dynamics of dissipative Kerr solitons (DKSs) in the presence of a parabolic potential. This potential stabilizes oscillatory and chaotic regimes, favoring the generation of static DKSs. Furthermore, the potential induces the emergence of new dissipative structures, such as asymmetric breathers and chimera-like states. Based on a mode decomposition of these states, we unveil the underlying modal interactions.
Design of ultracompact broadband focusing spectrometers based on diffractive optical networks
Authors: Zhu Yilin , Chen Yuyao , Dal Negro Luca
Published: November 2022

We propose the inverse design of ultracompact, broadband focusing spectrometers based on adaptive diffractive optical networks (a-DONs). Specifically, we introduce and characterize two-layer diffractive devices with engineered angular dispersion that focus and steer broadband incident radiation along predefined focal trajectories with the desired bandwidth and nanometer spectral resolution. Moreover, we systematically study the focusing efficiency of two-layer devices with side length

L
=
100

μ

m

and focal length

f
=
300

μ

m

across the visible spectrum and demonstrate accurate reconstruction of the emission spectrum from a commercial superluminescent diode. The proposed a-DONs design method extends the capabilities of efficient multi-focal diffractive optical devices to include single-shot focusing spectrometers with customized focal trajectories for applications to ultracompact spectroscopic imaging and lensless microscopy.
Optical neural ordinary differential equations
Authors: Zhao Yun , Chen Hang , Lin Min , Zhang Haiou , Yan Tao , Huang Ruqi , Lin Xing , Dai Qionghai
Published: November 2022

Increasing the layer number of on-chip photonic neural networks (PNNs) is essential to improve its model performance. However, the successive cascading of network hidden layers results in larger integrated photonic chip areas. To address this issue, we propose the optical neural ordinary differential equations (ON-ODEs) architecture that parameterizes the continuous dynamics of hidden layers with optical ODE solvers. The ON-ODE comprises the PNNs followed by the photonic integrator and optical feedback loop, which can be configured to represent residual neural networks (ResNets) and implement the function of recurrent neural networks with effectively reduced chip area occupancy. For the interference-based optoelectronic nonlinear hidden layer, the numerical experiments demonstrate that the single hidden layer ON-ODE can achieve approximately the same accuracy as the two-layer optical ResNets in image classification tasks. In addition, the ON-ODE improves the model classification accuracy for the diffraction-based all-optical linear hidden layer. The time-dependent dynamics property of ON-ODE is further applied for trajectory prediction with high accuracy.
Adding/dropping polarization multiplexed cylindrical vector beams with local polarization-matched plasmonic metasurface
Authors: He Yanliang , Huang Zebin , Li Canming , Yang Bo , Xie Zhiqiang , Wu Haisheng , Wang Peipei , Li Ying , Yang Yatao , Fan Dianyuan , Chen Shuqing
Published: November 2022

Here we propose a polarization-dependent gradient phase modulation strategy and fabricate a local polarization-matched metasurface to add/drop polarization multiplexed cylindrical vector beams (CVBs). The two orthogonal linear polarization states in CVB multiplexing will represent as radial- and azimuthal-polarized CVBs, which means that we must introduce independent wave vectors to them for adding/dropping the polarization channels. By designing the rotation angle and geometric sizes of a meta-atom, a local polarization-matched propagation phase plasmonic metasurface is constructed, and the polarization-dependent gradient phases were loaded to perform this operation. As a proof of concept, the polarization multiplexed CVBs, carrying 150-Gbit/s quadrature phase shift keying signals, are successfully added and dropped, and the bit error rates approach 1 × 10−6. In addition to representing a route for adding/dropping polarization multiplexed CVBs, other functional phase modulation of arbitrary orthogonal linear polarization bases is expected, which might find potential applications in polarization encryption imaging, spatial polarization shaping, etc.
Non-Hermitian Bloch–Zener phase transition
Authors: Longhi Stefano
Published: November 2022

Bloch–Zener oscillations (BZO), i.e., the interplay between Bloch oscillations and Zener tunneling in two-band lattices under an external direct current (DC) force, are ubiquitous in different areas of wave physics, including photonics. While in Hermitian systems such oscillations are rather generally aperiodic and only accidentally periodic, in non-Hermitian (NH) lattices BZO can show a transition from aperiodic to periodic as a NH parameter in the system is varied. Remarkably, the phase transition can be either smooth or sharp, contrary to other types of NH phase transitions which are universally sharp. A discrete-time photonic quantum walk on a synthetic lattice is suggested for an experimental observation of smooth BZO phase transitions.
Mosaic-free compound eye camera based on multidirectional photodetectors and single-pixel imaging
Authors: Ji Zhong , Liu Yujin , Chen Xueli
Published: November 2022

Compound-eye wide field-of-view (FOV) imaging generally faces the disadvantages of a complex system, low resolution, and complicated image mosaic. Single-pixel imaging has proven to very beneficial in building a high-resolution and simple wide-FOV camera, but its ability to overcome the problem of image mosaics still needs to be demonstrated. In this Letter, we propose a novel, to the best of our knowledge, kind of artificial compound eye based on multidirectional photodetectors (PDs) and demonstrate theoretically and experimentally that mosaics are unnecessary in multidirectional PD-based single-pixel imaging. In addition, we show experimentally that only nine multidirectional PDs are needed to obtain wide-angle images in a hemisphere to realize wide-FOV mosaic-free imaging. This work greatly simplifies the concept of compound-eye cameras and is very enlightening for detector design in wide-FOV single-pixel imaging, plausibly leading to the development of single-pixel endoscopic imaging.
Photonics millimeter wave bidirectional full-duplex communication based on polarization multiplexing
Authors: Li Weiping , Yu Jianjun , Wang Feng , Ji Xiaoxue , Yang Xiongwei , Zheng Tianqi , Wang Qihang , Zhou Wen , Yu Jianguo , Zhao Feng
Published: November 2022

We have proposed and experimentally implemented a photonics-aided large-capacity long-distance mm-wave bidirectional full-duplex communication system at the W-band based on polarization multiplexing. The same radio frequency (RF) carrier source is shared by both the uplink and the downlink, and a pair of orthomode transducers (OMTs) are used to separate the dual orthogonally polarized channels. To achieve the maximum spectrum efficiency and throughput, 10-Gbaud probabilistically shaped 256-level quadrature-amplitude-modulation (PS-256QAM) signals with 7.07 bit/symbol/Hz are transmitted in Ch. H and Ch. V. The system can support the bidirectional transmission with 103-Gbps data rate over 4600-m RF wireless distance. To the best of our knowledge, based on a photonics-aided bidirectional full-duplex system, this is the first time to realize a record-breaking bit rate–distance product at the W-band, i.e., 103 Gbps × 4.6 km = 473.8 Gbps•km.
Plasmon resonances in silicon nanowires: geometry effects on the trade-off between dielectric and metallic behaviour
Authors: Borgh Giovanni , Bongiorno Corrado , La Magna Antonino , Mannino Giovanni , Shabani Alireza , Patanè Salvatore , Adam Jost , Puglisi Rosaria A.
Published: November 2022

Surface plasmons (SP) arising from nanometer silicon objects allow control and manipulation of light at the nanoscale exhibiting significant advantages in a plethora of applied research areas such as nanophotonic, environment, energy, biology, and medicine. These SP can achieve more significant potential, thanks to the industrial scalability and low cost offered by silicon compared with other metals and semiconductor nanosized materials. However, as they have not yet been fully understood and exploited, silicon’s plasmon mechanisms need to be thoroughly studied. In particular, the influence of nanowire shape on surface plasmon behavior and the existence of physical constraints for surface plasmon excitation remains to be fully understood. In a previous study, we have demonstrated that thanks to their anisotropic one-dimensional shape, silicon nanowires sustain two types of plasmon resonances, the longitudinal ones along the main nanowire axis, with harmonic behavior and the transversal resonance, which takes place along the diameter. We demonstrated our data on a particular set of sizes, 30 nm for the diameter and about 400 nm for the length. Here we show how the resonances change when the diameter is smaller than 30 nm and the length is smaller than 400 nm. We use electron energy loss spectroscopy to map the several plasmonic modes from the fundamental one to the higher orders, with the goal of understanding how the SP resonances change when the diameter and length are smaller than 30 nm and 400 nm, respectively. We then use modeling to support the experimental findings. According to the mode order, the study illustrates the various locations inside the nanowires where discrete resonance spots can be found. Another important finding of this work is the disappearance of the surface plasmon modes for nanowires shorter than a predetermined threshold for any diameter in the range investigated, showing that the nanowire length is a key factor in maintaining electron oscillations. With this finding, a crucial physical limit for this phenomenon in silicon is established.
Stochastic mortality forecasts for Bangladesh
Authors: Fazle Rabbi Ahbab Mohammad , Khan Hafiz T. A.
Published: November 2022

Mortality forecasts are essential part for policymaking in any aging society. In recent years, methods to model and forecast mortality have improved considerably. Among them, Lee-Carter method is one of the most influential method. In this paper, Lee-Carter method is applied to forecast mortality and life expectancy of Bangladesh. A functional data analysis approach is used to decompose the smoothed log-mortality rates in Lee-Carter framework for higher goodness-of-fit of the models and for longer forecast horizons. Bangladesh has been experiencing a mortality transition and has gained life expectancy in last few decades. The fitted model here showed higher pace of mortality decline for women in Bangladesh than that of men. The forecasts showed continuation of mortality improvement in long run and by 2060 life expectancy at birth is expected to reach over 80 years for both sexes in Bangladesh. The study also predicts the effect of reduction in infant mortality on the life expectancy in Bangladesh.
Effects of dietary supplementation with histidine and β-alanine on blood plasma metabolome of broiler chickens at different ages
Authors: Lackner Julia , Hess Vincent , Marx Achim , Hosseini-Ghaffari Morteza , Sauerwein Helga
Published: November 2022

Histidine is an essential amino acid for broiler chickens and a precursor for the dipeptides carnosine and anserine, but little information is available about its metabolism in modern, fast-growing broilers. We used untargeted metabolomics to investigate the metabolic changes caused by the use of different standardized ileal digestible His:Lys ratios in broiler diets with and without β-alanine supplementation. A total of 2204 broilers were randomly divided into 96 pens of 23 birds each. The pens were divided into 16 blocks, each containing one pen for all six feeding groups (total of 16 pens per group). These feeding groups were fed three different His:Lys ratios (0.44, 0.54, and 0.64, respectively) without and with a combination of 0.5% β-alanine supplementation. Five randomly selected chickens of one single randomly selected pen per feeding group were slaughtered on day 35 or 54, blood was collected from the neck vessel, and plasma was used for untargeted metabolomic analysis. Here we show that up to 56.0% of all metabolites analyzed were altered by age, whereas only 1.8% of metabolites were affected by the His:Lys ratio in the diet, and 1.5% by β-alanine supplementation. Two-factor analysis and metabolic pathway analysis showed no interaction between the His:Lys ratio and β-alanine supplementation. The effect of the His:Lys ratio in the diet was limited to histidine metabolism with a greater change in formiminoglutamate concentration. Supplementation of β-alanine showed changes in metabolites of several metabolic pathways; increased concentrations of 3-aminoisobutyrate showed the only direct relationship to β-alanine metabolism. The supplementation of β-alanine indicated few effects on histidine metabolism. These results suggest that the supplements used had limited effects or interactions on both His and β-alanine metabolism. In contrast, the birds’ age has the strongest influence on the metabolome.