bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La fragmentación de la educación rural, la familia campesina y la universidad disciplinar. Reflexiones a partir del programa de investigación pluriuniversitario y transdisciplinar
Authors: Salcedo Casallas Javier Ricardo , Triana Rodríguez Jorge Yecid , Lozano Flórez Daniel
Published: December 2019

La educación rural, la familia campesina y la universidad disciplinar son tres categorías que se presentan en el programa de investigación pluriuniversitario con enfoque interdisciplinar y transdisciplinar a tratar en el presente texto. En este artículo se propone un ángulo de mirada crucial para la familia como subjetividad productora de su propia lógica, integrada por un flujo constante de saberes locales que se desean sinergizar en medio de la fragmentación que estos tienen con los conocimientos universitarios para re-pensar la educación rural. El texto tiene dos partes, en la primera, la introducción en la que se esgrime el ángulo de mirada conceptual de la familia campesina y la fragmentación con la educación rural y la universidad disciplinar; y en la segunda, el programa de investigación pluriuniversitario: ‘Saberes rurales casanareños y conocimientos universitarios lasallistas integrados’, que concentra su atención metodológica en el encuentro de saberes’ y la sinergización de los saberes locales, la universidad transdisciplinar para una propuesta de nueva educación rural. La investigación inició en el segundo ciclo de 2018, temporalidad en la que se ha permitido el debate interdisciplinario entre diez docentes investigadores de cuatro unidades académicas, la constitución de un semillero interdisciplinario y la socialización y aceptación de la investigación por parte de 20 familias campesinas de la vereda La Manga, en Yopal (Casanare)
Flexible Beacon Design For 60 GHz Wireless Personal Area Networks
Authors: Baykaş Tunçer
Published: December 2019

In this
paper we investigate the effect of different beaconing strategies for wireless
personal area networks. Beacons are used by network coordinators to indicate
the existence of the networks. A long beacon range protects the devices from
interference of neighboring networks. Nevertheless increased protection reduces
number of possible networks in an area and increases number of devices per
network. We investigate the effect of the beacon range in terms of throughput
in IEEE 802.15.3c based 60 GHz WPANs. Long range beacons enable %20 more, while
allowing %40 less networks. throughput In addition we are suggesting a flexible
beacon system which can adjust the piconet protection. In certain situations,
flexible beaconing both increase the troughput of protected link and the total number
of networks in the area.
PENGUJIAN FAMA & FRENCH FIVE-FACTORS ASSET PRICING MODEL PADA INDEKS LQ 45 PERIODE 2014-2018
Authors: Putra Ivan Gumilar Sambas , Susanti Neneng , Putra Okta Eka
Published: December 2019

This study aims to determine whether the Fama & French Five-Factors Asset Pricing Model can explain the excess return expected by investors. The population used is the LQ 45 index with large capitalization and liquid. Based on the sample in this study was used by 25 companies. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling and the analysis technique used was multiple regression analysis. The results show that the variables in the Fama & French Five-Factors Asset Pricing Model have a significant effect on the excess return, which is 65.7%. Partial testing results also show that all variables in this study have a significant effect on excess return. This means that the Fama & French Five-Factors Asset Pricing Model in this study period can explain the expected rate of return of shares by investors.
PENGARUH KNOWLEDGE SHARING DAN KEPERCAYAAN TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PT. TUNAS DWIPA MATRA KEPAHIANG
Authors: Praningrum Praningrum , Febrianto Febrianto
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of knowledge sharing and trust on employee performance at PT Tunas Dwipa Matra Kepahiang, Bengkulu Province. This study used a survey approach by distributing questionnaires to the research sample that consisted of 40 respondents who were the staff and managers at PT Tunas Dwipa Matra Kepahiang. Data were analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS program. Results showed that knowledge sharing and trust had a positive and significant effect on employee performance at PT Tunas Dwipa Matra Kepahiang. Thus, the company could improve the knowledge sharing activities related to the work procedures and clear tasks division among its employees based on mutual trust to achieve the best performance.
Southeastern “frontier” of European Russia in the middle of the 17th – early of the 18th centuries
Authors: Dubman Edward
Published: December 2019

We consider the colonization specifics of the Southeastern European Russia in the middle of the 17th – early of the 18th centuries. Based on the set of sources study we show the interaction between the state and various groups of Russian society in this process. The original statement is that in terms of its basic characteristics, the development of the southeastern and southern bor-ders of the country was a single process, but had its own specifics for individual regions. The fea-tures of the Southeast were: the complex ethnic and confessional composition of the indigenous population, the presence of historical memory of former statehood among some residents, as well as a number of other factors. We conclude that the use of traditional in Russian historiography colonization theory methods is not enough to study this problem. It is necessary to use new ap-proaches and, in particular, the frontier theory, adapted for the Russian reality of the period under consideration.
State and church interaction in the frontier conditions on the south of Russia in 16th – 17th centuries
Authors: Papkov Andrey
Published: December 2019

We consider the process of Russia state territory expansion in the southern direction, which took place in the 16th – 17th centuries. We analyze the network formation process of orthodox churches and monasteries in the frontier zone – on the southern outskirts of Russia. We made an attempt to determine the role of the state in this process. It is concluded that the state provided the construction of the necessary number of churches and monasteries, as well as allocated funds to ensure their activities in the future.
County towns merchants’ agricultural enterprise of Tambov Governorate in the 19th century
Authors: Akolzina Marina
Published: December 2019

We center on the issue of studying merchant land ownership and land use in Tambov Governorate in the 19th century. The relevance of this study is due to the need to fill the source and historiographical gap in the study of the Russian version of social and economic business ac-tivities in the agricultural sector in the pre-reform period. The results are promising for solving the problems facing the agriculture of our region at the present stage. Currently, one of the priorities of social and economic development of the Tambov Region is to increase the competitiveness of the domestic agro-industrial complex, the qualitative development of rural areas. The scientific novel-ty is associated with the consideration of merchant farms through the analysis of innovative forms formation of rationalism and entrepreneurship in agriculture at the micro level. Consideration of the merchant activities conditions allows to fully disclose previously unknown aspects of social modernization, to characterize the specifics of the entrepreneurial functions implementation in the agricultural sector, to assess the dynamics of new forms of economy development in our region in the pre-reform period. The activities of entrepreneurs in the agricultural business, their role in the process of agricultural society modernization in Russia is still undisclosed in concrete historical manifestations. Issues of the private-owned merchant farms development in Tambov Governorate has not yet been the subject of serious scientific analysis.
Methods of project design teaching to university students
Authors: Kitaevskaya Tatyana , Perunovskaya Irina
Published: December 2019

We consider the organization methods of art and project activities teaching to designers, including several types: artist, project, information and technology, organization and management, research and teaching, in the modernization of professional education and new state standards adoption. That allows to build a mobile teaching system on the level of modern computer technol-ogies, methods of communication and information transfer. We present the comparative characteristic of methods. It reflects degree of students activity and independence in project activity teaching to designers according to the main stages of design project. In this study we consider the project activity of the designer on the principle of double entry as a mean and result of future professional activity, the methods system as a way of organizing educational, cognitive and project activities of students. The focus is on active and interactive methods of project activities teaching to designers: “round table”, “brainstorming”, business games, case method, including special: workshop, creative overview and choice following the stages of project design, which allow the most effective to realize individual and group work on the design project. The universality of our early approaches to the choice of teaching methods and the developed automated system allows us to modify the existing database of methods following the specifics of project design, which enables to use it in the system of training designers.
Relación entre calidad de vida, tiempo de consumo y tiempo de permanencia de los niños, niñas y adolescentes adictos a sustancias psicoactivas en una comunidad terapéutica de Lima
Authors: Yaya Castañeda Elena Esther
Published: December 2019

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación entre la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS), el tiempo de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y el tiempo de permanencia de niños, niñas y adolescentes en la una comunidad terapéutica de Lima (Perú). Se utilizó un cuestionario de datos del problema de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas de la comunidad terapéutica y un instrumento de evaluación de la calidad de vida en adictos a sustancias psicoactivas (TECVASP), que fue aplicado a 86 participantes, entre niños, niñas y adolescentes, de 7 a 18 años, de ambos sexos, de una comunidad terapéutica de Lima. La mayoría de los participantes (más del 70%) reportaron un nivel bajo de CVRS. Asimismo, se hallaron correlaciones negativas entre la CVRS y tanto el tiempo de consumo como el tiempo de permanencia en la comunidad terapéutica. Se resalta la necesidad de realizar más estudios acerca de las repercusiones del consumo de SPA en la CVRS en poblaciones de este nivel de edad.
Os limites das fontes documentais: do samba enredo da Mangueira 2019 ao discurso oficial sobre o canto orfeônico
Authors: Penna Maura , Ferreira Filho João Valter
Published: December 2019

Este trabalho consiste em um ensaio científico elaborado a partir de pesquisas bibliográficas e documentais e que procura analisar questões envolvidas no uso de fontes documentais em pesquisas musicais e educacionais de caráter histórico. Partindo do questionamento ao status de fidedignidade absoluta frequentemente conferido aos documentos históricos, é discutido como mesmo fontes autênticas e legítimas estiveram expostas a toda sorte de influências externas – mais notadamente aquelas relacionadas aos aspectos políticos e ideológicos próprios do contexto de sua produção, divulgação e atualização. Tais influências afetam o teor dos dados constantes naqueles documentos, até mesmo determinando-os, de modo a sustentar e legitimar uma dada interpretação dos acontecimentos. Com base em uma série de exemplificações a partir de pesquisas diversas sobre temas da área de música, particularmente a experiência do canto orfeônico na Era Vargas, analisa-se como narrativas são elaboradas com base em fontes documentais, construindo um discurso oficial que não contempla a complexidade dos acontecimentos históricos e que exclui interpretações divergentes. A conclusão aponta para a necessidade de maturidade e esforço investigativo por parte do pesquisador, para que possa contextualizar as fontes com que trabalha, procurando sempre tanto questionar as condições de sua produção como compreender a lógica das diversas interpretações de seu conteúdo, assim como sua função na construção das narrativas históricas.
EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN MEDIA SOSIAL INSTAGRAM TERHADAP PERSONAL BRANDING JOKO WIDODO PADA PEMILIH PEMULA PEMILU 2019
Authors: Ma'aruf Ahnaf Rifky Saputra , Putra Dedi Kurnia Syah
Published: December 2019

Pada era digital ini, segala kegiatan dapat dipublikasikan ke khalayak melalui media sosial. Banyak golongan masyarakat yang aktif menggunakan media sosial mulai dari pelajar, orang dewasa, pengusaha maupun pejabat negara. Salah satunya adalah Presiden Republik Indonesia ketujuh, Ir. H. Joko Widodo. Joko Widodo memiliki berbagai platform media sosial, media sosial dengan pengikut paling banyak diantara media sosial lainnya adalah Instagram. Dengan total 16,5 juta followers menjadikan dia sebagai pemimpin negara dengan pengikut terbanyak kedua di dunia. Konten unggahan di Instagram Joko Widodo beraneka ragam dan sangat masif dilakukan, Hal yang dilakukan Joo Widodo di media sosial Instagram adalah salah satu cara untuk membentuk personal branding. Personal branding merupakan fenomena yang unik karena pada dasarnya semua orang memiliki ciri khas tersendiri, ntuk mendapatkan hasil branding yang bertahan lama dan memberikan manfaat yang maksimal maka proses branding harus bersumber dari bukti-bukti otentik, nyata dan asli. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa efektif penggunaan media sosial instagram terhadap pembentukan personal Branding Joko Widodo kepada Pemilih Pemula Pemilu 2019 yang masih bingung dan membutuhkan referensi untuk menentukan pilihan dalam menggunakan hak suaranya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif dua variabel. Variabel independen dalam penelitian ini adalah efektivitas penggunaan media sosial instagram sedangkan variabel dependennya yaitu personal branding Joko Widodo. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menyebar kuesioner kepada 100 responden   dengan menggunakan teknik Nonprobality Sampling. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa penggunaan media sosial Instagram dalam menyampaikan pesan yang yang diinginkan masuk dalam kategori eefektif dengan presentase 74,9% sedangkan pembentukan personal branding kepada pemilih pertama termasuk dalam kategori efektif dengan presentase 81,1%. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah Komunikasi yang dilakukan oleh akun media sosial Instagram Joko Widodo berlangsung efektif dan berpengaruh positif terhadap pembentukan personal branding Joko Widodo pada pemilih pemula Pemilu 2019.
In-Silico Methods for Investigating the Effect of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms on the Structure and Function of Proteins: A Review
Authors: Asiedu Ebenezer
Published: December 2019

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) are associated with diseases and drug response variabilities in humans. Elucidating the damaging and disease-associated SNPs using wet-laboratory approaches can be challenging and resource-demanding due to the large number of SNPs in the human genome. Due to the growth in the field of computational biology and bioinformatics, algorithms have been developed to help screen and filter out the most deleterious SNPs that are worth considering for wet-laboratory studies. Here we review the existing in-silico based methods used to predict and characterize the effects of SNPs on protein structure and function. This cutting-edge approach will facilitate the search for novel therapeutics, help understand the etiology of diseases and fast-track the personalized medicine agenda.
Drought-related Changes in the Metabolism and Nutritional Properties of Mature Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Seeds in the Context of Protein Glycation
Authors: Leonova Tatiana , Popova Veronika , Tsarev Alexander , Henning Christian , Antonova Kristina , Rogovskaya Nadezhda , Vikhnina Maria , Soboleva Alena , Dinastia Ekaterina , Dorn Mandy , Shiroglasova Olga , Grishina Tatiana , Balcke Gerd U. , Ihling Christian , Smolikova Galina , Medvedev Sergei , Zhukov Vladimir A. , Babakov Vladimir , Tikhonovich Igor A. , Glomb Marcus A. , Bilova Tatiana , Frolov Andrej
Published: December 2019

Protein glycation is usually referred to as an array of non-enzymatic post-translational modifications, formed by reducing sugars and carbonyl products of their degradation. Resulting advanced glycation end products (AGEs) represent a heterogeneous group of covalent adducts, known for their pro-inflammatory effects in mammals, and impacting on pathogenesis of metabolic diseases and ageing. In plants, AGEs are the markers of tissue ageing and response to environmental stressors, the most prominent of which is drought. Although water deficit enhances protein glycation in leaves, its effect on seed glycation profiles is still unknown. Moreover, the effect of drought on biological activities of seed protein in mammalian systems is still unstudied in respect of glycation. Therefore, here we address the effects of a short-term drought on the patterns of seed protein-bound AGEs and accompanying alterations in pro-inflammatory properties of seed protein in the context of seed metabolome dynamics. A short-term drought, simulated as polyethylene glycol-induced osmotic stress and applied at the stage of seed filling, resulted in dramatic suppression of primary seed metabolism, although secondary metabolome was minimally affected. This was accompanied with significant suppression of NF-kB activation in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells after a treatment with protein hydrolyzates, isolated from the mature seeds of drought-treated plants. This effect could not be attributed to formation of known AGEs. Most likely, the prospective anti-inflammatory effect of short-term drought is related to antioxidant effect of unknown secondary metabolite protein adducts, or down-regulation of unknown plant-specific AGEs due to suppression of energy metabolism during seed filling.
Dunkl generalization of Phillips operators and approximation in weighted spaces
Authors: Mursaleen M. , Nasiruzzaman Md , Kilicman Adem , Sapar Siti Hasana
Published: December 2019

Purpose of this article is to introduce a modification of Phillips operators on the interval $\left[ \frac{1}{2}% ,\infty \right) $ via Dunkl generalization. This type of modification enables a better error estimation on the interval $\left[ \frac{1}{2},\infty \right) $ rather than the classical Dunkl Phillips operators on $\left[ 0,\infty \right) $. We discuss the convergence results and obtain the degrees of approximations. Furthermore, we calculate the rate of convergence by means of modulus of continuity, Lipschitz type maximal functions, Peetre's $K$-functional and second order modulus of continuity.
Systemically Administered, Target-specific, Multi-functional Therapeutic Recombinant Proteins in Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Järvinen Tero , Pemmari Toini
Published: December 2019

Growth factors, chemokines and cytokines guide tissue regeneration after injuries. However, their applications as recombinant proteins are almost non-existent due to the difficulty of maintaining their bioactivity in the protease-rich milieu of injured tissues in humans. Safety concerns have ruled out their systemic administration. The vascular system provides a natural platform for circumvent the limitations of the local delivery of protein-based therapeutics. Tissue selectivity in drug accumulation can be obtained as organ-specific molecular signatures exist in the blood vessels in each tissue, essentially forming a postal code system (“vascular zip codes”) within the vasculature. These target-specific “vascular zip codes” can be exploited in regenerative medicine as the angiogenic vasculature forming in the regenerating tissues has a unique molecular signature. The identification of vascular homing peptides capable of finding these unique “vascular zip codes” after their systemic administration provides an opportunity for the target-specific delivery of therapeutics to tissue injuries. Therapeutic proteins can be “packaged” together with homing peptides by expressing them as multi-functional recombinant proteins. These multi-functional recombinant proteins provide an example how molecular engineering gives a compound an ability to home to regenerating tissue and enhance its therapeutic potential. Regenerative medicine has been dominated by the locally applied therapeutic approaches despite these therapies are not moving to clinical medicine with success. There might be a time to change the paradigm towards systemically administered, target organ-specific therapeutic molecules in future drug discovery and development for regenerative medicine
Effect of Different Composition on Voltage Attenuation of Li-Rich Cathode Material for Lithium-ion
Batteries
Authors: Liu Jun , Liu Qiming , Zhu Huali , Lin Feng , Ji Yan , Li Bingjing , Duan Junfei , Li Lingjun , Chen Zhaoyong
Published: December 2019

Li-rich layered oxide cathode materials have become one of the most promising cathode materials for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries owning to its high theoretical specific capacity, low cost, high operating voltage and environmental friendliness. Yet they suffer from severe capacity and voltage attenuation during prolong cycling, which blocks their commercial application. To clarify these causes, we synthesize 0.5Li2MnO3·0.5LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (LL-811) with high-nickel-content cathode material by a solid-sate complexation method, and it manifests a lot slower capacity and voltage attenuation during prolong cycling compared to LL-111 and LL-523 cathode materials. The capacity retention at 1C after 100 cycles reaches to 87.5% and the voltage attenuation after 100 cycles is only 0.460 V. Combining X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), it indicates that increasing the nickel content not only stabilizes the structure but also alleviates the attenuation of capacity and voltage. Therefore, it provides a new idea for designing of Li-rich layered oxide cathode materials that suppress voltage and capacity attenuation.
Surprising Behaviour of the Wageningen B-screw Series Polynomials
Authors: Helma Stephan
Published: December 2019

Undoubtedly the Wageningen B-screw Series is the most widely used systematic propeller series. It is very popular to preselect propeller dimensions during the preliminary design stage, but often it is also used to merely select the final propeller. Over time the originally measured data sets were faired and scaled to a uniform Reynolds number (based on chord length and section advance speed) of 2·10⁶ to increase the reliability of the series. With the advent of the computer polynomials for the thrust and torque values were calculated from the available data sets. The measured data are typically presented in the well-known open-water curves of thrust and torque coefficients K_T and K_Q versus the advance coefficient J. Changing the presentation from open-water diagrams to efficiency maps reveals some unsuspected and surprising behaviours, such as multiple optima when optimizing for efficiency or even no optimum at all for certain conditions. These artefacts get more pronounced at higher pitch to diameter ratios and low blade numbers. The present work builds upon the paper presented by the author at the AMT'17 and smp'19 conferences and now includes the extended efficiency maps, as suggested by Danckwardt, for all propellers of the Wageningen B-screw Series.
Energy Efficient Clustering and Shortest-Path Routing Protocol (EECSRP) in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Inam Muhammad , Li Zhou , Zardari Zulfiqar Ali , Mohammed Mokbal Fawaz Mahiuob
Published: December 2019

The sensor nodes have limited computation, sensing, communication capabilities and generally operated by batteries in a harsh atmosphere with non-replenish able power sources. These limitations force the sensor network subject to failure because most of the energy is spent on sensing, computing and data transmission. This paper introduces an Energy Efficient Clustering and Shortest-Path Routing Protocol (EECSRP) to assist Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) by (a) extending the lifespan of the network (b) effectively using the battery power (c) decreasing the network overhead and (d) ensuring a high packet transmission ratio with minimal delay. The delay time-based Cluster Head (CH) is elected based on the node degree, residual energy and Received Signal Strength (RSS) to accomplish the goal. Additionally, the RSS-based network partitioning is implemented to evaluate the gradient based on demand routing between source (sensing node) and destination (BS). Whenever the current CH residual energy goes under the threshold level, the proposed protocol performs the clustering process, reducing the exchange of control packets. However, the BS periodically gathers the data from every single CH which helps to reduce the collision and Medium Access Control (MAC) layer conflict. From the simulation results, it is the evident that the proposed protocol performance in terms of average end-to-end latency, packet delivery ratio, average energy consumption and control overhead is better than the well-known current protocols.
Local-Basis-Function Equation of State for Ice VII-X to 450 GPa at 300 K
Authors: Brown J. Michael , Journaux Baptiste
Published: December 2019

Helmholtz energy of ice VII-X is determined in a pressure regime extending to 450 GPa at 300 K using local basis functions in the form of b splines. The new representation for the equation of state is embedded in a physics-based inverse theory framework of parameter estimation. Selected pressures as a function of volume from 14 prior experimental studies and two theoretical studies constrain the behavior of Helmholtz energy. Separately measured bulk moduli, not used to construct the representation, are accurately replicated below about 20 GPa and above 60 GPa. In the intermediate range of pressure, the experimentally determined moduli are larger and have greater scatter than values predicted using the Helmholtz representation. Although systematic experimental error in the experimental elastic moduli is possible and likely, the alternative hypothesis is a slow relaxation time associated with changes in proton mobility or the ice VII to X transition. A correlation is observed between anomalies in the pressure derivative of the predicted bulk modulus and previously suggested higher-order phase transitions. Improved determinations of elastic properties at high pressure would allow refinement of the current equation of state. More generally, the current method of data assimilation is broadly applicable to other materials in high-pressure studies.
AMIGaS - Actividades de Motivación para la Igualdad de Género en STEM
Authors: Moreno García Isabel M. , Santiago Chiquero Isabel , Luna Rodríguez Juan Jesús , González Redondo Miguel Jesús , Pallares López Víctor , Real Calvo Rafael
Published: December 2019

En el marco del proyecto de innovación docente, se han realizado una serie de actividades de promoción de la mujer en estudios y empleos de disciplinas STEM, acrónimo de los términos en inglés Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (Ciencia, Tecnología, Ingeniería y Matemáticas). El objetivo ha sido contribuir a que las mujeres puedan obtener mejores oportunidades de trabajo y no se mantengan alejadas de los cambios económicos y sociales que conllevará la industria del futuro, marcada por la convergencia de tecnologías digitales, físicas y biológicas, y que cambiará el mundo tal y como lo conocemos. Para ello se han realizado una serie de seminarios que han consistido en apoyar la participación de mujeres en el ámbito científico-tecnológico. Consiguiendo una concepción del alumnado femenino de las disciplinas de Ciencia e Ingeniería sobre el trabajo que desempeñan mujeres cuyas trayectorias profesionales son de alta relevancia en el ámbito tecnológico. Con esta propuesta se ha contribuido a la lucha contra los estereotipos y que el acceso de la mujer a estas materias crezca al mismo nivel al que es demandado, ya que la tecnología se encuentra en todos los niveles de la sociedad actual.
Epidemiological study of scarlet fever in Shenyang , China
Authors: Chen Huijie , Chen Ye , Sun Baijun , Wen Lihai , An Xiangdong
Published: December 2019

Background: Since 2011, there has been an increase in the incidence of scarlet fever across China. The main objective of this study was to depict the spatiotemporal epidemiological characteristics of the incidence of scarlet fever in Shenyang, China, in 2018 so as to provide the scientific basis for effective strategies of scarlet control and prevention. Methods: Excel 2010 was used to demonstrate the temporal distribution at the month level and ArcGIS10.3 was used to demonstrate the spatial distribution at the district/county level. Moran’s autocorrelation coefficient was used to examine the spatial autocorrelation and the Getis-Ord statistic was used to determine the hot-spot areas of scarlet fever. Results: A total of 2,314 scarlet fever cases were reported in Shenyang in 2018 with an annual incidence of 31.24 per 100,000. The incidence among males was higher than that among females（p＜0.001). A vast majority of the cases (96.89%) were among children aged 3 to 11 years. The highest incidence was 625.34/100,000 in children aged 5-9 years. In 2018 there were two seasonal peaks of scarlet fever in June (summer-peak) and December (winter-peak).The incidence of scarlet fever in urban areas was significantly higher than that in rural areas(p＜0.001).The incidence of scarlet fever was randomly distributed in Shenyang. There are hotspot areas located in seven districts. Conclusions: Urban areas are the hot spots of scarlet fever and joint prevention and control measures between districts should be applied. Children aged 3-11 are the main source of scarlet fever and therefore the introduction of prevention and control into kindergarten and primary schools may be key to the control of scarlet fever epidemics.
Assessment of weight and height of patients with primary immunodeficiency disorders and group of children with recurrent respiratory tract infections.
Authors: Pieniawska-Śmiech Karolina , Bar Kamil , Babicki Mateusz , Śmiech Karol , Lewandowicz-Uszyńska Aleksandra
Published: December 2019

Background Primary immunodeficiences (PIDs) are a group of chronic, serious disorders in which the immune response is insufficient. In consequence, it leads to an increased susceptibility to infections. Up to date, there are about 300 different disorders classified in that group. There are also patients suffering from recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTI), however that group doesn't present any abnormalities in terms of conducted immunological tests. Many factors, including medical, can have an impact on physical development of a child. Data such as birth weight and length, also weight, height, BMI during admission to the hospital were collected from 207 patients' medical histories from their hospitalization at Clinical Immunology and Paediatrics ward of J.Gromkowski Hospital in Wrocław. Investigated groups included patients with PIDs, RRTI and a control group of healthy children. Our purpose was to evaluate the physical growth of children with PID and children with RRTI by assessment of their height and weight. All of parameters were evaluated using centile charts suitable best for the Polish population. Results The lowest mean birth weight and height was found among the PIDs patients group. Children with PIDs during hospitalization had statistically relevant lower mean weight than the control group and almost 20% of them had their height situated below 3rd percentile. No statistically relevant differences have been found between them and RRTI group. The statistically significant difference was between the nutritional status of PID patients and the control group. Conclusions There is a higher percentage of PID patients with physical growth abnormalities in comparison to healthy children. Our findings indicate a need for further investigation of immune system irregularities and their influence on physical growth of children.
Development of a targeted client communication intervention to women using an electronic maternal and child health registry: a qualitative study
Authors: Bogale Binyam , Mørkrid Kjersti , O'Donnell Brian , Ghanem Buthaina , Ward Itimad Abu , Khader Khadija Abu , Isbeih Mervett , Frost Michael , Baniode Mohammad , Hijaz Taghreed , Awwad Tamara , Rabah Yousef , Frøen Frederik
Published: December 2019

Background: Targeted client communication (TCC) using text messages can inform, motivate and remind pregnant and postpartum women of timely utilization of care. The mixed results of the effectiveness of TCC interventions points to the importance of theory based interventions that are co-design with users. The aim of this paper is to describe the planning, development, and evaluation of a theory led TCC intervention, tailored to pregnant and postpartum women and automated from the Palestinian electronic maternal and child health registry. Methods: We used the Health Belief Model to develop interview guides to explore women’s perceptions of antenatal care (ANC), with a focus on high-risk pregnancy conditions (anemia, hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, gestational diabetes mellitus, and fetal growth restriction), and untimely ANC attendance, issues predefined by a national expert panel as being of high interest. We performed 18 in-depth interviews with women, and eight with healthcare providers in public primary healthcare clinics in the West Bank and Gaza. Grounding on the results of the in-depth interviews, we used concepts from the Model of Actionable Feedback, social nudging and Enhanced Active Choice to compose the TCC content to be sent as text messages. We assessed the acceptability and understandability of the draft text messages through unstructured interviews with local health promotion experts, healthcare providers, and pregnant women. Results: We found low awareness of the importance of timely attendance to ANC, and the benefits of ANC for pregnancy outcomes. We identified knowledge gaps and beliefs in the domains of low awareness of susceptibility to, and severity of, anemia, hypertension, and diabetes complications in pregnancy. To increase the utilization of ANC and bridge the identified gaps, we iteratively composed actionable text messages with users, using recommended message framing models. We developed algorithms to trigger tailored text messages with higher intensity for women with a higher risk profile documented in the electronic health registry. Conclusions: We developed an optimized TCC intervention underpinned by behavior change theory and concepts, and co-designed with users following an iterative process. The electronic maternal and child health registry can serve as a unique platform for TCC interventions using text messages.
Comparative study of Revogene GBS LB Assay and GeneXpert GBS LB Assay for the detection of Group B Streptococcus in prenatal screening samples.
Authors: Author) Tsokyi Choera(Former Corresponding , Jung-Hynes Brittney , Author) Derrick J. Chen(New Corresponding
Published: December 2019

Background: Group B Streptococcal (GBS) infections in the United States are a leading cause of meningitis and sepsis in newborns. The CDC, therefore recommends GBS screening for all pregnant women at 35–37 weeks of gestation and administration of intrapartum prophylaxis (in those that tested positive) as an effective means of controlling disease transmission. Several FDA approved molecular diagnostic tests are available for rapid and accurate detection of GBS in antepartum women.
Method: In this study, we report a clinical comparison of the Xpert GBS LB assay and a novel FDA-cleared test, Revogene GBS LB assay. A total of 250 vaginal-rectal swabs from women undergoing prenatal screening were submitted to the University of Wisconsin’s clinical microbiology laboratory for GBS testing.
Results: We found 96.8% of samples were concordant between the two tests, while 3.2% were discordant with a positive percent agreement of 98.0% and a negative percent agreement of 96.5% between the Revogene GBS LB assay and the GeneXpert GBS LB assay.
Conclusion: Overall, we report that both assays perform well for the detection of GBS colonization in pregnant women.
Global scale transcriptome analysis reveals differentially expressed genes involve in early somatic embryogenesis in Dimocarpus longan Lour.
Authors: Chen Yukun , Xu Xiaoping , Liu Zhuanxia , Zhang Zihao , Xu XuHan , Lin Yuling , Lai Zhongxiong
Published: December 2019

Background: Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a process of somatic cells that dedifferentiate to totipotent embryonic stem cells and generate embryos in vitro. Longan SE has been established and wildly used as model system for studying embryogenesis in woody plants, SE-related genes had been characterized. In spite of that, a comprehensive overview of SE at a molecular level is still absent. To understand the molecular mechanisms during longan SE, we examined the transcriptome changes by using Illumina HiSeq from the four distinct developmental stages, including NEC, EC, ICpEC, GE. Results: RNA-seq of the four samples generated a total of 243.78 million high quality reads, approximately 81.5% of the data were mapped to longan genome. The cDNA libraries of NEC, EC, ICpEC and GE, generated 22743, 19745, 21144, 21102 expressed transcripts, 1935, 1710, 1816, 1732 novel transcripts, 2645, 366, 505, 588 unique genes, respectively. Comparative transcriptome analysis showed that a total of 10,642, 4,180, 5,846 and 1,785 genes were differentially expressed in the pairwise comparisons of NEC_vs_EC, EC_vs_ICpEC, EC_vs_GE, ICpEC_vs_GE, respectively. Among them, plant hormones signalling related genes were significantly enriched, especially the auxin and cytokinin signalling components. The transcripts of flavonoid biosynthesis related genes were mainly expressed in NEC, while fatty acid biosynthesis related genes mainly accumulated in early SE. In addition, the extracelluar protein encoding genes LTP, CHI, GLP, AGP, EP1 were related to longan SE. Combined with the FPKM of longan nine tissues transcription, 27 SE specific or preferential genes (LEC1, LEC1-like, PDF1.3, GH3.6, AGL80, PIN1, BBM, WOX9, WOX2, et al.) and 28 NEC preferential genes (LEA5, CNOT3, DC2.15, PR1-1, NsLTP2, DIR1, PIP1, PIP2.1 and POD5 et al.) were characterized as molecular markers for longan early SE. qRT-PCR validation of SE-related genes showed a high correlation between RNA-seq and qRT-PCR data. Conclusion: This study provides new insights into the role of the transcriptome during early SE in longan. Differentially expressed genes reveal that plant hormones signalling, flavonoid and fatty acid biosynthesis, and extracelluar protein related genes were involved in longan early SE. It could serve as a valuable platform resource for further functional studies addressing embryogenesis in woody plants.
“I wouldn’t have hit you, but you would have killed your baby:” Exploring Midwives’ Perspectives on Disrespect and Abusive Care in Ghana.
Authors: Dzomeku Millicent Veronica , Bemah Boamah Mensah Adwoa , Nakua Emmanuel Kweku , Agbadi Pascal , Lori Jody R. , Donkor Peter
Published: December 2019

Background: Quality maternal health reduces maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity. Healthcare professionals, including midwives, are significant agents for the promotion of quality maternal health. Frequents reports of disrespect and abuse of childbearing women by midwives during intrapartum care are becoming common, suggesting that many of these agents are engaging in care practices that compromise quality maternal health. Thus, understanding midwives’ descriptions and experiences of the phenomenon is critical to addressing the threat. This paper, therefore, explored the understanding of midwives on D&AC and their occurrence in professional practice in a tertiary health facility in Kumasi, Ghana. Method: An exploratory descriptive qualitative research design using an interpretative approach was employed in the study. Data were generated through individual in-depth interviews. Data saturation was reached with fifteen interviews. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Open Code 4.03 was used to manage and analyse the data. Findings: The midwives understood D&AC. They also confirmed meting out or witnessing colleagues engage in D&AC in their professional practice. The midwives described D&AC as the provision of inadequate care and the overlooking of patient-centred care, and verbal, physical, and psychological abuse. The themes revealed that socio-economic inequalities, provider perception and victim-blaming, and health system-related factors facilitate D&AC. It emerged that the following marginalized groups were at high risk for D&AC: the non-compliant, mentally ill, HIV/AIDs+, teenagers, poor, and childbearing women on admission at the general labour ward. Conclusion: The midwives understood D&AC and revealed that it frequently occurred in their professional practice. Frequent in-service training on respectful maternity care and monitoring of care provision in healthcare facilities are needed to eliminate the incidence of D&AC. Keywords Disrespectful maternity care, childbearing women, midwives, Ghana, qualitative
Eosinopenia as a diagnostic marker of bloodstream infection in a general internal medicine setting A cohort study
Authors: Hirosawa Takanobu , Harada Yukinori , Morinaga Kohei , Takase Hiroshi , Nin Michihiro , Shimizu Taro
Published: December 2019

Background Little is known about the potential use of the eosinophil count as a predictive marker of bloodstream infection. In this study, we aimed to assess the reliability of eosinopenia as a predictive marker of bloodstream infection. Methods This study was a retrospective cohort study. The outpatient department and general internal medicine department of a tertiary university hospital in Japan. A total of 189 adult patients with at least 2 sets of blood cultures obtained during January 1–December 31, 2018, after excluding those with the use of antibiotic therapy within 2 weeks prior to blood culture, steroid therapy, a history of haematological cancer, or eosinophilia. The diagnostic accuracies of each univariate variable and the multivariable logistic regression models were assessed by calculating the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs). The primary outcome was a positive blood culture indicating bloodstream infection. Results Severe eosinopenia (<10 cells/mm3) alone yielded little overall predictive ability (AUROC: 0.606, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.502–0.710, P=0.035), and only moderate sensitivity (50%, 95%CI: 29–70%) and specificity (71%, 95%CI: 63–78%). The model comprising baseline variables (age, sex) and the C-reactive protein level yielded an AUROC of 0.7384, and the further addition of eosinopenia yielded a slight improvement, with an AUROC of 0.7547 (P=0.4297) and a statistically significant net reclassification improvement (NRI) (P=0.03). However, the integrated discrimination index (IDI) (P=0.282) remained non-significant. Conclusions Severe eosinopenia can be considered an inexpensive marker of bloodstream infection in a general internal medicine setting.
Palliative home parenteral nutrition in patients with ovarian cancer and malignant bowel obstruction: experiences of women and family caregivers.
Authors: Sowerbutts Anne Marie , Lal Simon , Sremanak Jana , Clamp Andrew , Jayson Gordon C. , Teubner Antje , Hardy Lisa , Todd Chris , Raftery Anne-Marie , Sutton Eileen , Morgan Robert D. , Vickers Alexander J. , Burden Sorrel
Published: December 2019

Background Malnutrition is a problem is advanced cancer, particularly ovarian cancer where malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) is a frequent complication. Parenteral nutrition is the only way these patients can received adequate nutrition and is a principal indication for palliative home parenteral nutrition (HPN). Giving HPN is contentious as it may increase the burden on patients. This study investigates patients’ and family caregivers’ experiences of HPN, alongside nutritional status and survival in patients with ovarian cancer and MBO. Methods This mixed methods study collected data on participant characteristics, clinical details and body composition using computed tomography combined with longitudinal in-depth interviews underpinned by phenomenological principles. The cohort comprised 38 women with ovarian cancer and inoperable MBO admitted (10/2016 to 12/ 2017) to a tertiary referral hospital. Longitudinal interviews (n=57) were carried out with 20 women considered for HPN and 15 of their family caregivers. Results Of the 38 women, 32 received parenteral nutrition (PN) in hospital and 17 were discharged on HPN. Nutritional status was poor with 31 of 33 women who had a CT scan having low muscle mass, although 10 were obese. Median overall survival from admission with MBO for all 38 women was 70 days (range 8 - 506) and for those 17 on HPN was 156 days (range 46 – 506). Women experienced HPN as one facet of their illness, but viewed it as a “lifeline” that allowed them to live outside hospital Nevertheless, HPN treatment came with losses including erosion of normality through an impact on activities of daily living and dealing with the bureaucracy surrounding the process. Family caregivers coped but were often left in an emotionally vulnerable state. Conclusions: Women and family caregivers reported that the inconvenience and disruption caused by HPN was worth the extended time they had at home.
Recurrent episodes of reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy in three Chinese families with GJB1 mutations in X-linked Charcot-Marie-tooth type 1 disease： cases report
Authors: Liang Youlong , Liu Jingli , Cheng Daobin , Wu Yu , Mo Liuhong , huang wen
Published: December 2019

Background The X-linked form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1 (CMTX1) is an inherited peripheral neuropathy that arises in patients with mutations in the gap-junction beta-1 gene (GJB1). Case presentation Three young male patients from Southern China with pes cavus experienced multiple episodes of transient central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction. Three patients all had reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy as detected by brain diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI-DWI). Nerve conduction velocity (NCV) showed sensorimotor polyneuropathy with mixed demyelinating and axonal features. Genetic testing indicated a c.425G>A (p.Arg142Glu) or c.563 C>T (p.Thr188Ile) or c.103G>C (p.Val35Leu) mutation in GJB1. The unique feature of this report is the identification of two novel mutations: c.563 C>T and sc.103G>C of the GJB1 gene detected in two families respectively. Another unique feature is that peripheral neuropathy symptoms in the three patients were insidious and found at the onset of CNS symptoms. Conclusions Posterior leukoencephalopathy is involved in CMTX1 patients. The white matter changes in MRI of CMTX1 patients are reversible and recover later than CNS symptoms.