bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utility of Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Prenatal Diagnosis of Placenta Accreta: A Prospective study
Authors: Nasim Rukhsana , Khalid Javed  , Ashfaq Butt Hira , Ali Tariq Taimoor , Aslam Sumaira
Published: November 2023

Objectives: determine the utility of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in prenatal diagnosis of placenta accreta.
Methods: Thirty patients presented in the department of gynecology and obstetrics and fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected for the study. Study was a cros sectional design conducted at department of Radiology, Nishtar Hospital Multan, from 1st January 2019 to 1st December 2019.
Result: Only 10 patients with placenta accreta were positive on USG while other 9 patients were found to be negative; and 3 patients were misdiagnosed to have placenta accreta on USG. Table-IIOnly 15 patients with placenta accreta were positive on MRI while other 4 patients were found to be negative; and 2 patients were misdiagnosed to have placenta accreta on USG. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy were 52.6%, 72.7%, 76.9%, respectively. 
Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is no significant difference between MRI and USG in terms of accuracy for prenatal diagnosis of placenta accreta.
Comparing the Benefits of Titrated PEEP vs Low PEEP in Terms of Mortality in Patients Suffering from Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Mahmood Asif , Adnan Muhammad
Published: November 2023

Objective:  To compare the benefits of titrated PEEP vs low PEEP in terms of mortality in patients suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome

Study Design: Randomized clinical trial

Place and Duration of Study: Intensive care unit (ICU) of Nishtar Hospital Multan over a period of January 2017 to January 2018.

Methodology:  Patients were randomly divided into two groups LP group and TP group. TP group received fluids and neuromuscular blockers. Lung recruitment maneuver was done with incremental PEEP level and in the second time by a decremental PEEP maneuver. If levels of PaO2 and FIO2 were same or increasing during one day we stared to decrease the PEEP of 2cm Hg for every 8 hours. .

Results: Of the outcome variables, numbers of death within 28 days were significantly higher in the low PEEP group (p-value 0.045 and 0.022, respectively). Development of pneumothorax requiring drainage and incidence of barotrauma within the first 7 days was significantly less in the titrated PEEP group. During the first 28 days, more number of patients in the titrated PEEP group had ventilator free days.

Conclusion: In our study we find that the deaths within 28 days, development of pneumothorax requiring drainage and incidence of barotrauma within the first 7 days were significantly higher in the low PEEP group.
Work Base Assessment in Anesthesia for Postgraduate Residents
Authors: Khan Imran , Ashraf Muhammad Sulaman , Gill Muhammad Umer
Published: November 2023

Workplace-based assessment (WBA) is a collection of evaluation methods that evaluate trainee performance in clinical settings. The aspect of scrutiny of the learner's act in a real-world setting, coupled with an appropriate response, is a hallmark of WPBA, promoting reflective practice. WBA consists of peer, coworker, and patient feedback on clinical performance (mini-clinical assessment implementation, direct opinion of technical assistance), the conversation of clinical circumstances (case-based assessment), & observation of procedural skills (multi-source feedback). Medical schooling commenced transitioning from a method to an outcomes-primarily targeting what graduates can do while being concerned for sick patients and their families. This fashion is especially sizeable in postgraduate education programs, in which the number one approach of mastering is through hands-on with patients and their families. After then, postgraduate education effects are categorized as competencies. Competence is simply an observable ability of healthcare specialists, which integrates a couple of additives which includes knowledge, capabilities, values, and attitudes. Competence gives a framework for publications and tests to make certain that healthcare specialists can carry out key requirements of their discipline. In the United States, expert postgraduate education known as residency generally takes place after 4 years of undergraduate study, accompanied via way of means 4 years of clinical study. It is turning into an increasing number of facts that conventional evaluation techniques that target knowledge, know-how, and visualization degrees aren't enough to evaluate those new key abilities and meet affected person needs. Additionally, many years of failure to examine and completely examine the outcomes of fundamental scientific capabilities, which includes clinical interviews, clinical examinations, knowledgeable decision-making, and scientific reasoning, has had a vast poor effect on the great of care.
Comparing the Efficacy of Monotherapy with Intralesional Meglumine Antimoniate and Combination Therapy with Trichloroacetic Acid 50% and Intralesional Meglumine Antimoniate for the Treatment of Acute Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: Ahmad Shakeel
Published: November 2023

Objective: to compare the efficacy of monotherapy with intralesional meglumine antimoniate and combination therapy with trichloroacetic acid 50% and intralesional meglumine antimoniate for treating acute cutaneous Leishmaniasis.
Study Design: A randomized control trial.
Place and Duration of Study: Dermatology department of DHQ hospital, Faisalabad from July 5, 2017 to July 5, 2018.
Methodology: We divided 222 patients Group MA with 104 patients who were to be given intralesional MA and Group TCA+MA with 118 patients who were to be given TCA 50% and intralesional MA. Age, number of lesions, gender distribution, response to treatment in the form of complete, partial and no cure were compared between the groups. Independent t-test and chi-square tests were applied. The data was put in SPSS version 23 computer software and analyzed. P value of more than 0.05 was considered clinically insignificant.
Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, average number of lesions and male percentage (p>0.05). Complete and partial cure of papule and nodule was seen in more patients of the Group TCA+MA while the cure rates of plaque were more in the group MA (p-value 0.014, 0.019 and 0.009, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference in the cure rates of ulcerative lesions between the groups (p=0.312).
Conclusion: There was significantly better cure rate in the patients who were given combination therapy of intralesional meglumine antimoniate with topical Trichloroacetic acid 50%.
Assessing the Link between Zinc Levels and Obesity in Young Adults
Authors: Syed Maria , Siddiqui Sana , Ahmad Sidra , Syed Komal
Published: November 2023

Background: Obesity is an international health issue associated to multiple long-term medical conditions like type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and different kinds of malignancies. There is strong evidence to show that obesity and zinc deficiency may be related. The objective of the research was to find out whether obesity in younger adults was related to serum zinc levels.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Quaid-e-Azam Medical University, Bahawalpur, involving 123 young adults aged between 18 and 25 years. The study aimed to assess body weights based on BMI (Body Mass Index) and serum zinc levels. The study lasted six months from September 2022 to March 2023.

Results: Serum zinc levels were significantly lower in overweight and obese younger adults compared to younger adults of normal weight. It was observed that an increase in BMI was associated with decreased serum zinc levels.

Conclusion: These results suggested an association between obesity in younger adults and serum zinc levels. More research is needed in order to confirm these findings, verify the negative correlation between these two parameters and to examine the processes underlying the link between zinc and obesity.

Keywords: BMI, serum zinc levels, young adults, obesity, cross-sectional study
Comparing Incentive Spirometry with the Acapella Device for Physiotherapy after Thoracoscopic Lung Resection Surgery
Authors: Nadeem Saffa , Khan Hafiz Ahmed Raza , Fatima Mahnoor , Yousaf Saeed  , Jawaria Laghari  , Muhammad Yahya
Published: November 2023

Objective: To compare the efficacy of incentive spirometery with the Acapella device and incentive spirometery combined for physiotherapy in patients undergoing thoracoscopic pulmonary resection surgery.
Material and methods: This Randomized Control Trail was conducted at Nishtar Hospital Multan, from 1st October 2018 to 30th september 2021 in 3 years duration. A total of 268 patients were enrolled in this study. Patients were distributed into two group randomly, incentive spirometery group or Acapella device group. FEV1 and FVC were measured. Visual analogue scale was implied for the assessment of comfort of the patient. Assessment of pain was made by using another visual analogue scale which consisted of a scale from 0 to 10. Primary outcome was the value of FEV1 on the 3rd day postoperatively. Total analgesia required was also measured. Comparison between the control and case groups was done by using Mann-Whitney U test, independent t-test Chi square test or Fischer exact test. P value of less than or equal to 0.005 was considered as significant.
Results: When all the participants were asked to test both the devices and give their preference, majority of the people in both the groups (a total of 94%) suggested Acapella (p<0.001). The pain level was not significantly different between both the groups at 1st postoperative hour, 6th postoperative hour, 1st postoperative day, 2nd postoperative day and 3rd postoperative day (p-value 0.557, 0.943, 0.916, 0.639 and 0.917, respectively). The total dose of morphine used in incentive spirometer group (202.55±28.54mg) was not significantly different from the dose (206.93±22.64mg) used in the Acapella group (p=0.166).
Conclusion: There was no difference between Acapella and incentive spirometery in terms of improving the overall lung function after thoracoscopic surgery for pulmonary resection.
Notiser
Authors: Ternhag Gunnar
Published: November 2023

Jan Olof Rudén: Musiken i Uppsala under stormaktstiden. 2: 1660–1730. A–B
Wilms’ Tumor in the Very Young: A Case Report
Authors: Guzman Johann Paulo , Suntay Marcus Lester , Resurreccion Leandro
Published: November 2023

Presented is a rare case of Wilms’ Tumor (WT) in a 3-month old female with a palpable nontender left flank mass. In the early infancy period (<6 months), there is a low incidence of malignancy in renal masses, and congenital benign renal lesions (like congenital mesoblastic nephroma) predominate in this age group. We did nephroureterectomy and lymph node sampling. Histopathology revealed localized non-metastatic COG Stage I WT with favorable histologic features. The patient underwent adjuvant chemotherapy with dactinomycin and vincristine using an institution-based protocol, which offers upfront surgery followed by chemotherapy. This approach is similar to the Children’s Oncology Group (COG) protocol. Key words: Wilms tumor, nephrectomy, National Wilms Tumor Study
Laparoscopic Plication for Left Anterior Diaphragmatic Eventration in a Pediatric Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Caballes Alvin , Guzman Johann Paulo
Published: November 2023

Reported here is the first documented laparoscopic repair of a rare partial diaphragmatic eventration in a pediatric patient. The case involves a three-year-old female who had recurrent cough. While a Morgagni hernia was the initial impression, an eventration of the left anterior diaphragm was instead found on laparoscopy. Repair was aided by using transcutaneous traction, with plication achieved by intracorporeal sutures. The patient recovered uneventfully and follow-up x-ray after six months demonstrated an intact repair. Analogous diaphragmatic anomalies may have divergent clinical manifestations. Bochdalek hernias, while often associated with severe respiratory distress in affected neonates, may also not manifest overtly in other patients. Likewise, different anomalies may have similar clinical presentations. Patients with Morgagni hernias or eventrations, while often asymptomatic, can also present with severe pulmonary and gastrointestinal impairments. The diagnostic uncertainty is highlighted in the present case, wherein a child preoperatively diagnosed to have a Morgagni hernia was found intra-operatively to have a rare left anterior diaphragmatic eventration. 5 The laparoscopic approach adopted not only facilitated diagnosis, but was adaptable enough to enable intracorporeal repair for an altered indication. Key words: diaphragmatic eventration, diaphragmatic hernia, laparoscopy
TOKAT’TA KÜLTÜREL MİRASLARIN BULUŞMA NOKTASI: 900 ADIMDA 900 YILLIK TARİHİ KÜLTÜR YOLU
Authors: KARABUDAK Gökhan
Published: November 2023

Bilgiyi depolama, saklama ve istenildiğinde geri çağırma yeteneği olarak tanımlanan hafıza toplumsal-kollektif niteliğe sahip bir güçtür. Bireysel olarak da var olan ancak hatırlamak için başkalarının hatıralarına sıklıkla başvuran hafıza, toplum tarafından onanmış referans noktalarına geri giderek hatırlama eylemini gerçekleştirmektedir. Referans notlarından biri olan hafıza mekanları ise zamanı durdurmak, nesnelerin durumunu tespit etmek, unutma işini engellemek ve ölümü ölümsüzleştirmek işlevlerini yerine getirmektedir. Bu açıdan bayramlar, amblemler, anıtlar, anma törenleri, müzeler birer hafıza mekanı olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Bunlara ek olarak Assmann, geniş bir alanın da hafıza mekanı olabileceğini dile getirmiştir. Bu bağlamda çalışmada tarih boyunca birçok devletin himayesinde bulunan Tokat’ın en eski yerleşim yeri olan ve İpek Yolu’nun bir parçasını oluşturan 900 Adımda 900 Yıllık Tarihi Kültür Yolu, hafıza mekanı çerçevesinde ele alınarak Tokat halkının kültürel belleğinde var olan bilgilerin kültür yolu ile nasıl yeniden inşa edildiği ve işlevlerinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Sonuç olarak 900 Adımda 900 Yıllık Tarihi Kültür Yolu projesi ile mekanlar aracılığıyla unutulmaya yüz tutmuş ancak hafızalarda yer alan bilgilerin yeniden inşa edildiği bu sayede gelecek kuşaklara aktarıldığı tespit edilmiştir.
BUSINESS NAME AND BUSINESS REPUTATION – USE AND ABUSE
Authors: Lazić Dragana , Stanković Sanja
Published: November 2023

The paper explains the concept and importance of the business name and business reputation of the company. These two elements represent the most significant element of individualization of a company, by which the public and other companies are recognized in legal transactions and on the market. We analyzed and presented data from the official documents of the Republic Statistical Office and the judicial institutions of the Republic of Serbia. The results of the research related to the unauthorized use of someone else's business name and damage to the business reputation of the company on the territory of the Republic of Serbia in the period from 2011 to 2020. We also analyzed the available data in order to discover the "loss of crime" in the group of crimes that have the economy as the object of protection. The purpose of this paper is a causal analysis of crimes against the economy in the territory of the Republic of Serbia with the aim of discovering causal relationships and links between the number of reported, accused and convicted persons for these crimes, in order to determine the degree of "crime loss" and to undertake systemic measures to reduce this loss on a reasonable measure, in accordance with the standards of developed countries.
SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA FROM THE ASPECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS
Authors: Simić Nataša , Rudić Danilo
Published: November 2023

From the aspect of sustainable competitiveness, which emphasizes productivity as the basis of prosperity and long-term growth while ensuring the sustainability of society and the environment, the competitiveness of countries was analyzed based on annual reports of the World Economic Forum, International Institute for Management Development and the World Bank. Indicators that we believe best reflect the country's potential for promoting sustainable development and lead to a faster approach of Serbia to the most competitive national economies with joint engagement at the state, regional and local levels, including households, have been singled out. In order to determine the impact of consumer behavior on the environment, in our research we applied the life cycle assessment method (LCA) and analyzed 15 environmental indicators. In accordance with the obtained results, we have defined recommendations for increasing the sustainable competitiveness of the Serbian economy, having in mind the behavior of consumers and possible reduction of their impact on the environment, from the aspect of more economical use of electricity, reduction of biowaste and continuous education of the population. educational process and appropriate legal regulations.
The History of Computer Graphics and Animations
Authors: Sharma Surendra , Jakhar Shyo Prakash , kumari Ayushi , Nikita Kumari
Published: November 2023

Computer graphics are creating and manipulating visual content using computers. It consists of 2D and 3D graphics, rendering techniques, and tools to generate images, animations, and interactive experiences. Ivan Edward Sutherland created the first computer graphic design in 1963 called Sketchpad. The process of taking sequential photos of drawings or models to give the impression that they are moving is called animation. Animations are breaking human boundaries by making it easy to depict fictional/fantastical worlds and worldly elements. Allowing us to break away from the grips of science and create unique fiction. Animations are now also a major part of the educational field as many schools are teaching students through CG and animations which makes learning much more fun and immersive. Due to their unparalleled visual experiences, computer graphics and animations have long since changed a wide range of sectors and communication. CG made it possible to create Japanese anime and cartoons for enjoyment. Incredible amazing effects, captivating environments, and distinctive characters in motion pictures and video games. Additionally, CG is greatly improving education by using interactive animations to make complex ideas look interesting and approachable. CG is used to create 3D models, visualizations, and data analysis. In more practical domains including engineering, medicine, and architecture. This improves diagnostics and decision-making increasing productivity. Computer graphics have made it possible to push beyond the limits of science, education, and creativity. CG has also encouraged innovations and fundamentally changed how we see and engage with the world. Their influence will only increase, creating a plethora of opportunities for mankind's future
Empowering Multilingual AI: Cross-Lingual Transfer Learning
Authors: Sen Pawan , Sharma Rohit , Verma Lucky , Tenguriya Pari
Published: November 2023

Multilingual Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Cross-Lingual Transfer Learning have emerged as pivotal fields in the realm of language technology. This abstract explores the essential concepts and methodologies behind these areas, shedding light on their significance in a world characterized by linguistic diversity. Multilingual NLP enables machines to process and generate text in multiple languages, breaking down communication barriers and fostering global collaboration. Cross-lingual transfer learning, on the other hand, leverages knowledge from one language to enhance NLP tasks in another, facilitating efficient resource utilization and improved model performance. The abstract highlights the growing relevance of these approaches in a multilingual and interconnected world, underscoring their potential to reshape the future of natural language understanding and communication.
COMPARATIVE OF FIRST LINE MEDICATIONS FOR PRIMARY OPEN ANGLE GLAUCOMA : A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Rahmad Denie
Published: November 2023

Background: Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness globally, of which primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is the most common type, and its prevalence is estimated at 2 worldwide. The prevalence of glaucoma contributes to significant medical costs, and the majority of costs are medication related. Most medications used in the management of glaucoma are targeted at decreasing intraocular pressure (IOP), with each millimeter of mercury (mm Hg) IOP reduction shown to reduce the risk of glaucoma progression and subsequent vision loss by 10.
The aim: This study aims to show the comparative of first line medications for primary open angle glaucoma.
Methods: By comparing itself to the standards set by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020, this study was able to show that it met all of the requirements. So, the experts were able to make sure that the study was as up-to-date as it was possible to be. For this search approach, publications that came out between 2013 and 2023 were taken into account. Several different online reference sources, like Pubmed and SagePub, were used to do this. It was decided not to take into account review pieces, works that had already been published, or works that were only half done.
Result: In the PubMed database, the results of our search on SagePub brought up 124 articles. The results of the search conducted for the last year of 2013 yielded a total 12 articles for PubMed and 34 articles for SagePub. The result from title screening, a total 10 articles for PubMed and 12 articles for SagePub. In the end, we compiled a total of 8 papers. We included five research that met the criteria.
Conclusion: All active first-line drugs are among the most efficacious drugs, although the within class differences were small and may not be clinically meaningful. All factors, including adverse effects, patient preferences, and cost should be considered in selecting a drug for a given patient.
Nuevas investigaciones sobre la historia de la construcción de la catedral de Santiago de Compostela
Authors: Nicolai Bernd , Rheidt Klaus
Published: November 2023

Un proyecto interdisciplinar de la BTU Cottbus (Alemania) y la Universidad de Berna (Suiza) está analizando la construcción de la catedral románica de Santiago de Compostela. El profundo estudio de la construcción, a través de un exacto levantamiento planimétrico de los muros y un completo trabajo de documentación de la escultura, ha permitido conocer diversas modificaciones en la arquitectura y en el programa escultórico ocasionadas por cambios sustanciales en el anteproyecto. El presente trabajo deja constancia de varios cambios anteriores a la consagración en el año 1211, particularmente en la cripta, el Pórtico de la Gloria y la tribuna occidental. Asimismo, se anticipan otros resultados de un proyecto que reconstruye la forma primitiva de la catedral medieval y las modificaciones posteriores; investiga el anteproyecto y los diferentes conceptos arquitectónicos en los cuales se basaron las remodelaciones posteriores; y analiza las distintas fases de la construcción en relación con el desarrollo tipológico de las iglesias de peregrinación románicas.
De Valencia a Querétaro. La devoción jacobea a través de una estampa de Vicente Capilla Gil
Authors: Cacheda Barreiro Rosa , Ruiz Cuevas Karina
Published: November 2023

En una estampa del grabador valenciano Vicente Capilla Gil, realizada en 1792, se conmemora la fundación de la ciudad de Querétaro (México), acaecida el 25 de julio de 1531, día de la festividad de Santiago. La coincidencia de ambos hechos propició un suceso milagroso registrado en dicho grabado: la aparición en el cielo de la Santa Cruz y de la imagen del Apóstol Patrón de las Españas. Este hecho favoreció la extensión del culto a Santiago por todo el Virreinato de la Nueva España y la devoción a la Santa Cruz, que daría nombre a uno de los principales colegios de misiones: el de la Santa Cruz de Querétaro. La labor realizada por los frailes franciscanos en el contexto de las misiones queda resaltada en la estampa de forma ejemplarizante. Por medio del grabado se busca destacar las virtudes o actos de los frailes Antonio Llinaz y Antonio Marfil, de origen español, como fundadores del colegio y evangelizadores y apóstoles de Cristo.
Compostela, Bari and Jerusalem: in search of the footsteps of a figurative culture on the Roads of Pilgrimage
Authors: Castiñeiras Manuel A.
Published: November 2023

The peak of pilgrimages to Santiago de Compostela in the late eleventh century coincides with the emergence of the cult to St. Nicholas in Bari and with the First Crusade. Compostela and Bari, as cities where pilgrims came and left, thereby became privileged centres when a new international style emerged: Romanesque. Romanesque brought with it a new and revolutionary monumental and figurative culture characterised by exchange, in which the devotion of chapels, relics - Patriarchal Crosses - symbols of pilgrimage - the scallop shell of St. James - and the iconographic subjects of knightly epic were evident all along the land and sea roads of the Mediterranean. In this way a “circular” pilgrimage to Compostela, Rome, Bari, Mount Sant’Angelo and Jerusalem came into being, implying competition among the shrines which tried to offer pilgrims a figurative culture appropriate for their vicissitudes.
Non solo per fede. Pellegrinaggi “imposti” alla tomba dell’Apostolo Giacomo
Authors: Vantaggiato Lorenza
Published: November 2023

La peregrinación “impuesta” o peregrinación judicial, se manifiesta como señal reveladora del nuevo tipo de cultura en vía de afirmación tras el éxito de la economía manufacturera y de mercado, capaz de adaptar a este nuevo rumbo modelos y categorías pertenecientes al mundo de la Alta Edad Media, al mundo que durante el siglo VI es testigo del traslado desde las comunidades cristianas irlandesas y anglosajonas hacia el continente de un componente esencial de la cultura medieval como es la penitencialidad. Así pues, con el fin de comprender mejor la evolución de la peregrinación “impuesta” se ha considerado oportuno referirse a grandes rasgos a la peregrinación penitencial como experimentación y forma de crecimiento personal. Se ha prestado especial interés a la introducción de la peregrinación “impuesta” en el ámbito de los estatutos ciudadanos (Lieja y Maastricht), como posible sanción aplicable a ciudadanos responsables de determinados actos delictivos. La salvaguardia de la paz por parte de los mismos ciudadanos fue condición esencial para el bienestar y el desarrollo de la comunidad, por lo que la peregrinación se impuso como una especie de resarcimiento por graves culpas o delitos perpetrados contra el equilibrio y la paz social. Tras analizar esta documentación se pueden destacar los elementos y las características propias de la peregrinación “impuesta” así como la relación existente entre delito y pena que, sin embargo, no ha sido identificada en aquellos contextos en los que la peregrinación quedó confinada al ámbito de la costumbre. Desde el inicio del siglo XI la “geografía de las peregrinaciones” empezó a sufrir cambios sustanciales. Los impedimentos y las dificultades para llegar a la meta de Jerusalén, determinados por la extinción de los estados cruzados en 1291, provocaron, de hecho, un desplazamiento de muchos peregrinos hacia lugares más accesibles, como Roma y el santuario de Santiago en Galicia. Utilizando valiosas fuentes como los estatutos ciudadanos y las sentencias de las magistraturas se han examinado algunos casos concretos de aplicación de la peregrinación a Santiago de Compostela como enmienda.
Multi-step Methods for Machine Learning Models with Web Metrics
Authors: Popchev Ivan , Orozova Daniela
Published: November 2023

The purpose of the article is to outline methods as a multi-step process for developing an information flow with machine learning models that can be used for research, analysis, and training. Web metrics analysis of available web content can provide useful information about user behaviour. The results show that the formulated solutions can be successfully used for different tasks and can be adapted to new technologies and applications.
High Stability Dual Beam Interferometer Sensor for Non-contact Photoacoustic Imaging
Authors: Zhao Xin , Wei Xiaoya , Xu Huilin , Yu Bo , Hu Peng
Published: November 2023

As a non-contact photoacoustic sensor, the reflector of one arm of dual beam interferometer sensor is usually composed of the upper surface of the ultrasonic coupling liquid coated on the surface of the sample. The vibration of the outside and the scanning motor cause the liquid level to shake, causing the reflected probe light path to deviate from the incident light path, which then reduces the detection stability of the sensor. In view of the above problems, a novel high stability dual beam interferometer sensor is introduced in this paper, in which the reflected probe light is derived from the original optical path by using the combination of PBS and quarter wave plate, and the reflected probe light is coupled into 50/50 beam splitting fibre by using aspheric mirror group. The influence of the radius and focal length of each aspheric mirror and the numerical aperture of the optical fibre on the detection stability of the sensor is theoretically analyzed. The results show that the structural design greatly reduces the effect of the vibration of the outside and the scanning motor on the detection stability of the sensor, and provides a theoretical basis for the development and performance optimization of the sensor.
Role of Extended Family for Intrafamilial Transmission of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Bulgarian Children
Authors: Hadzhiyski Petyo , Baycheva Mila , Shentova-Eneva Rayna , Kofinova Denitza , Markovska Rumyana , Mitov Ivan , Boyanova Lyudmila
Published: November 2023

Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most common chronic bacterial infections worldwide. The infection is usually acquired during the first years of childhood and transmission from infected mother is considered an important epidemiological factor. The aim of this study was to assess the H. pylori positivity in Bulgarian symptomatic children in association with the presence or absence of family anamnesis of gastroduodenal diseases among their parents, siblings and grandparents. H. pylori infection was evaluated in 362 children in two groups: 181 children with family anamnesis of gastroduodenal diseases and 181 children without family anamnesis. All patients underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy and gastric biopsy samples for microbiological examination for H. pylori were taken. H. pylori infection among children with family history of gastroduodenal diseases was significantly more frequent (69.1%) compared with the group of patients without a family anamnesis (21.0%, p <0.0001). In addition to the significance of the infected parents (69.4%) and siblings (52.0%), infected grandparents were also associated with high prevalence of the infection (77.8%, 21/27 cases) in the children. In conclusion, H. pylori infection among children with family history of gastroduodenal disease was 3.3-fold higher than that in the group without family anamnesis. The significance of the grandparents in the extended family households should be considered.
The Impact of Glyphosate Isopropylamine Salt and Glufosinate-ammonium on Some Soil Pathogens Causing Disease in Wheat
Authors: Serim Ahmet , Kaymak Suat
Published: November 2023

Glyphosate isopropylamine salt and glufosinate-ammonium are commonly used herbicides for presowing or host-harvest weed control in Turkish wheat fields. Although many studies have been conducted on their efficacy against weeds, limited studies are available in the literature on their impact on soil pathogens causing disease in wheat, such as Fusarium culmorum, Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, and Bipolaris sorokiniana. In this in vitro study, the efficacy of glyphosate isopropylamine salt and glufosinate-ammonium on the mycelial growth of these pathogens grown in PDA was investigated. Changes in the mycelial growth of fungal species grown in herbicide-amended PDA medium and control medium were observed by measuring the radial growth of the colonies three times per week. Glufosinate ammonium effectively suppressed the fungal growth of all of the pathogens tested in vitro. Glyphosate isopropylamine salt induced mycelial growth of B. sorokiniana; however, there was little or no impact of the herbicide on other pathogens tested. Wheat growers should be careful using glyphosate isopropylamine salt in fields that are infected by B. sorokiniana, or they should use glufosinate-ammonium in fields where these pathogens are common.
Personalization-based deep hybrid E-learning model for online course recommendation system
Authors: S Subha , Sankaralingam Baghavathi Priya , Gurusamy Anitha , Sehar Sountharrajan , Bavirisetti Durga Prasad
Published: November 2023

Deep learning, a subset of artificial intelligence, gives easy way for the analytical and physical tasks to be done automatically. There is a less necessity for human intervention while performing these tasks. Deep hybrid learning is a blended approach to combine machine learning with deep learning. A hybrid deep learning (HDL) model using convolutional neural network (CNN), residual network (ResNet) and long short term memory (LSTM) is proposed for better course selection of the enrolled candidates in an online learning platform. In this work, a hybrid framework that facilitates the analysis and design of a recommendation system for course selection is developed. A student’s schedule for the next course should consist of classes in which the student has shown interest. For universities to schedule classes optimally, they need to know what courses each student wants to take before each course begins. The proposed recommendation system selects the most appropriate course that can encourage students to base their selection on informed decision making. This system will enable learners to obtain the correct choices of courses to be studied.
kakapo: easy extraction and annotation of genes from raw RNA-seq reads
Authors: Ramanauskas Karolis , Igić Boris
Published: November 2023

kakapo (kākāpō) is a Python-based pipeline that allows users to extract and assemble one or more specified genes or gene families. It flexibly uses original RNA-seq read or GenBank SRA accession inputs without performing global assembly of entire transcriptomes or metatranscriptomes. The pipeline identifies open reading frames in the assembled gene transcripts and annotates them. It optionally filters raw reads for ribosomal, plastid, and mitochondrial reads, or reads belonging to non-target organisms (e.g., viral, bacterial, human). kakapo can be employed for targeted assembly, to extract arbitrary loci, such as those commonly used for phylogenetic inference in systematics or candidate genes and gene families in phylogenomic and metagenomic studies. We provide example applications and discuss how its use can offset the declining value of GenBank’s single-gene databases and help assemble datasets for a variety of phylogenetic analyses.
A Comparative Study between the View of Nel Nodding and Gilligan on Ethics of Care and Moral Education
Authors: Mondal Deepika
Published: November 2023

One of the earliest comprehensive theories of care was offered by American philosopher Nel Nodding, who also contended that caring is the basis of morality. According to her, connections are an essential part of being it is to be human, and one's relationships with other people help determine who they are as a person. Modeling, dialogue, practice, and confirmation are the four main elements of education from the standpoint of care, according to Nel Nodding. The purpose of this research was to find out the nature of the ethics of care proposed by Nel Nodding, analyze Nodding’s Moral Education and find out different components of it, and Compare the perception Nel Nodding and Gilligan with respect to ethics of care and moral education. It is qualitative research. The researcher used different Primary and secondary data sources to gather data for this research. As primary sources, the researcher used different published documents by Nel Nodding [1-8] and Gilligan [9-11] and as secondary sources [12,13,14,15] the researcher different journal articles.  The findings of this study were Nodding can provide a framework for addressing a wide range of ethical issues, from interpersonal interactions to universal problems like poverty and environmental degradation. In addition to her work, a more comprehensive and compassionate approach to ethics has resulted from her emphasis on the value of loving relationships and emotional intelligence in moral decision-making.
On-site Learning in Museums: Re-conceptualizations and Re-directions for Museum Education in the Post-pandemic Digital Age
Authors: Lei Zhichao
Published: November 2023

As the digital age introduces an increasing amount of media technologies to traditional museum settings, a wealth of literature has found that these technologies are exerting prominent effects on museum visitor experiences. Such technical shifts in essence imply a growing part of communication activities, metaphors of media culture, and implications for technology-empowered learning based on museum institutions. New emphasis is being placed on state-of-the-art definitions of museum-technology, museum-learner, and museum-society relationships, appealing for re-conceptualizations of Museum, Museum Communication, and Museum Education, and therefore inviting communication and media culture scholars to join this discourse. Reviewing upon on-site learning issues discussed in previous museum research, this paper addresses the theoretical needs for present on-site educational practices in museums with re-conceptualizations of several important and operationalizable terms and proposes an interdisciplinary, learner-centred agenda for future museum education research and practices that are facing challenges and potential opportunities from e-learning and digital culture.
Revolutionizing Mushroom Cultivation: A Comprehensive Review of Hydroponics in Fungiculture
Authors: Kaur Preeti , Kapoor Pooja
Published: November 2023

With the introduction of hydroponics, a cutting-edge technique that is completely changing conventional procedures, the long-standing practice of mushroom growing has changed to suit modern difficulties. Traditionally cultivated in natural substrates, mushrooms are currently flourishing in hydroponic systems, which substitute nutrient-rich water solutions for soil. This change brings about an evolution in the mushroom industry and satisfies the growing need for sustainable agriculture methods. The advantages of hydroponic mushroom culture are unmatched; they include better nutrient control, year-round output, space efficiency, and pest and disease control. Growers can customize fertilizer levels and create ideal growing conditions for a variety of mushroom species thanks to the accuracy of hydroponic systems. Hydroponics overcomes seasonal limitations to guarantee steady mushroom production, satisfying the rising need for fresh produce that is acquired locally. Its layout maximizes available space, which is especially beneficial for urban farming. usage of land. Because hydroponics is an environmentally benign method, there is less chance of soil-borne illnesses and pests, which means less need for chemical treatments. This method creates a regulated, pollution-free atmosphere that promotes improved mushroom quality and consistency. In addition, hydroponic mushroom farming reduces nutrient leakage and uses less water, which is in line with the global trend toward ecologically friendly farming methods. To sum up, the application of hydroponics to the growth of mushrooms represents a revolutionary advancement in mycology. Improved sustainability, production, and profit for mushroom growers are among the benefits that follow. Hydroponics is a viable solution that could revolutionize the mushroom business and make a substantial contribution towards achieving greater sustainability in agriculture as demand for mushrooms develops.
Investigation of Polymorphic Variations in the Alpha-Lactalbumin Gene and their Association Analysis to Milk Characteristics in River Buffalo
Authors: Sihag Sonia , Kumar Anil , Jangra Alka , Sharma Garima , Naik Pradeep Kumar , Rushdi Hossam E. , Rawat Krishan Dutta , Chhokar Vinod
Published: November 2023

River buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is one of the most important livestock species in many poor countries because of its invaluable contributions to numerous agricultural fields. Detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in exon 1 of alpha-lactalbumin (ALA) gene was the main goal of the current study. Polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) assay and sequencing analysis were applied to identify segregated SNPs in ALA gene.  Potential SNPs in ALA gene have been identified in the present study. The homozygous genotype (AA) of the ALA gene was significantly associated with fat percentage. Moreover, the heterozygous genotype (LA) revealed significant association with protein percentage, and fat yield. The results obtained in this study emphasize the necessity of screening a broader number of buffaloes distributed in varied environments to identify genetic polymorphisms and their potential correlation with milk production traits.
Effect of Calcium Chloride on Fruit Quality and Shelf Life of Red Velox Apple
Authors: Ganai N. A. , Rasool Khalid , Ali Angrej , Hassan G. I. , Javeed Kounsar , Wani A. H.
Published: November 2023

Jammu and Kashmir enjoys a vital place among temperate fruits due to its agro-climatic conditions. The only apple variety Ambri is indigenous to Kashmir while as all other varieties were introduced from outside. The famous Delicious varieties were introduced by (Samuel Nicholar Stokes) a resident of USA in 1918 at Kotgarth in Shimla hills. Calcium (Ca2+) has been extensively reviewed as both an essential element and its potential role in maintaining both pre and postharvest quality of fruit crops. Management of crop production which provides fruit at harvest with mineral nutrient levels sufficiently high and in balance that the fruit have a low risk of disorders and have optimal storage properties. Pre harvest  spray at  the highest  concentration 0.3 % combined with  dip at 8.0% of CaCl2 had a significant effect on fruit length, diameter which in turn significantly affected fruit weight and size in Red Velox apple. Foliar sprays of calcium (0.3%) in combination with fruit dip (8.0%) significantly increased TSS, fruit firmness and reduced weight loss during storage. The importance of calcium in apple fruit is its role in contributing to the maintenance of optimum quality during postharvest storage and fruit ripening. This role is seen directly in the prevention of specific disorders such as bitter pit, and in relationships between calcium and more general quality properties such as flesh firmness. Calcium application maintains cell turgor, membrane integrity, tissue firmness and delays membrane lipid catabolism, extending storage life of fresh fruits.
Sleep Disturbances as a Manifestation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Authors: Cuthrell Kimberly Morton , Tzenios Nikolaos
Published: November 2023

Sleep disturbances are complex elements of many neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), intellectual and developmental disabilities, and insomnia. Sleep disturbances are caused by a variety of factors, resulting in short-term and long-term consequences that can affect self-care, daily functions, and well-being.  Sleep disturbances can compromise not only he general health of individuals but also on the health of caregivers   and support systems.  There is a need to understand the interaction between neurodevelopmental disorders and sleep disturbances to identify patterns of sleep fragmentations contributed to neurobiological and neurodevelopmental conditions determine appropriate treatment, improve the quality of life for individuals with neurological comorbidities.
Evaluation of Anxiety and Locomotor Behaviour in High Salt-Fed Mice Treated with L-Arginine and Losartan
Authors: Beshel Justin Atiang , Ashipu Justina Andornimye , Utionkpan Linns-Paul , Beshel Favour Nyoh , Ujong Gabriel Otu
Published: November 2023

Salt consumption above dietary guidelines is detrimental to health, it causes impaired cognitive, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative functions. This study aimed at evaluating anxiety and locomotor behaviour in high salt-fed mice treated with L-arginine and losartan. Forty (40) mice weighing between 27-37g were categorized into four (4) parts of ten (10) members. Group I (Control) was served ordinary mice chow and water, group II was given 8% sodium chloride in chow and 1% NaCl in drinkable water (High Salt Diet), group III was given same diet as group II in addition to L-arginine on the 43rd day, group IV was given same as group II in addition to Losartan on the 43rd day. L-arginine and losartan administration lasted for 14 days. The total duration for drug administration and feeding lasted for one month and three weeks. Light-Dark Transition Box (LDTB) and Elevated+ Maze (EPM) were used to assess anxiety and locomotor behaviour. The results showed a significant (p<0.001) decrease in line crossing, transition frequency, and light box duration, with a corresponding significant (p<0.001) increase in stretch attend posture, grooming frequency duration, close arm entry, dark box duration frequency in the high salt fed group compared with the control. Both L-arginine and Losartan significantly (p<0.001) reversed these changes towards normal. Thus, a high salt diet is implicated in increased anxiety, whereas L-arginine, a nitric oxide precursor, and losartan, an ACE blocker reduced anxiety which in turn improves locomotor behaviour in the mice.
Magnetic Resonance Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Differentiating Benign and Malignant Compressed Vertebrae
Authors: Shatat Warda Ali Mahmoud , Saleh Hanan Ahmad Nagy Mohammed , Elshafey Mohamed Hassan , Shaban Ekhlas Abdelmonem
Published: November 2023

Background: There are several causes of vertebral compression fractures (VCFs), including neoplastic infiltration, osteoporosis, and trauma. Our objective was to examine the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (MR-DTI) in differentiating benign from malignant compressed vertebrae. This prospective research was carried out on a selected group of 30 cases with compressed vertebral fracture diagnosed by other imaging modalities and a control group of 30 subjects referred to MR unit of Radiodiagnosis Department at the Local University Hospitals. Inclusion criteria were adult patients, both sexes, Patients with compressed vertebral fracture diagnosed by other imaging modalities.

Results: According to ROC analysis for detecting specificity and sensitivity of fractional anisotropy (FA), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and mean diffusivity quantitative analysis of DTI MRI to differentiate between malignant and benign VCFs in cases group, we can see that the ROC for FA gives AUC 0.886  while ADC gives AUC 0.886 and MD gives AUC 0.922, with specificity and sensitivity of FA 85.71% and 93.75% respectively, while specificity and sensitivity of ADC 92.86% and 87.50%  respectively and specificity and sensitivity of MD  92.86% and 87.50%  respectively.

Conclusions: DTI with its quantitative indicators is a valuable method in differentiating malignant from benign compressed vertebrae when compared to conventional MRI. FA values in benign vertebral fracture were significantly less than the FA values in malignant vertebral fracture.