bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of rifaximin and lactulose treatments to chronic hepatic encephalopathy rats: An [18F]PBR146 in‐vivo neuroinflammation imaging study
Authors: Kong Xiang , Luo Song , Wu Shi Yao , Zhang Jun , Yang Gui Fen , Lu Guang Ming , Zhang Long Jiang
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a severe neuropsychiatric complication of liver diseases characterized by neuroinflammation. The efficacies of nonabsorbable rifaximin (RIF) and lactulose (LAC) have been well documented in the treatment of HE. [18F]PBR146 is a translocator protein (TSPO) radiotracer used for in vivo neuroinflammation imaging. This study investigated anti‐neuroinflammation effect of RIF or/and LAC in chronic HE rats by [18F]PBR146 micro‐PET/CT.

Methods

Bile duct ligation (BDL) operation induced chronic HE models, and this study included Sham+normal saline (NS), BDL+NS, BDL+RIF, BDL+LAC, and BDL+RIF+LAC groups. Behavioral assessment was performed to analyze the motor function, and fecal samples were collected after successfully established the chronic HE model (more than 28 days post‐surgery). In addition, fecal samples collection and micro‐PET/CT scans were performed sequentially. And we also collected the blood plasma, liver, intestinal, and brain samples after sacrificing the rats for further biochemical and pathological analyses.

Results

The RIF‐ and/or LAC‐treated BDL rats showed similar behavioral results with Sham+NS group, while the treatment could not reverse the biliary obstruction resulting in sustained liver injury. The RIF or/and LAC treatments can inhibit IFN‐γ and IL‐10 productions. The global brain uptake values of [18F]PBR146 in BDL+NS group was significantly higher than other groups (p < .0001). The brain regions analysis showed that the basal ganglia, hippocampus, and cingulate cortex had radiotracer uptake differences among groups (all p < .05), which were consistent with the brain immunohistochemistry results. Sham+NS group was mainly enriched in Christensenella, Coprobacillus, and Pseudoflavonifractor. BDL+NS group was mainly enriched in Barnesiella, Alloprevotella, Enterococcus, and Enterorhabdus. BDL+RIF+LAC group was enriched in Parabacteroides, Bacteroides, Allobaculum, Bifidobacterium, and Parasutterella.

Conclusions

RIF or/and LAC had anti‐neuroinflammation in BDL‐induced chronic HE rats with gut microbiota alterations. The [18F]PBR146 could be used for monitoring RIF or/and LAC treatment efficacy of chronic HE rats.
Anticancer restrictive diets and the risk of psychological distress: Review and perspectives
Authors: Da Prat Valentina , Pravettoni Gabriella , Casirati Amanda , Marzorati Chiara , Pedrazzoli Paolo , Caccialanza Riccardo
Published: July 2024

Introduction

The most studied anticancer restrictive diets include fasting, fasting‐mimicking diets (FMDs) and ketogenic diets (KDs). Besides the current lack of established clinical benefit and the significant risk of malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies, dietary restrictions in cancer patients might have relevant psychological effects.

Materials and Methods

We reviewed the randomized and non‐randomized controlled clinical trials (CCTs) reporting data on the psychological impact of fasting, FMDs and KDs in cancer patients. We excluded trials on restrictive diets performed for weight reduction in obese or overweight patients, studies on dietary restrictions lasting less than 24 h, and studies on fasting related to cultural or religious beliefs.

Results

Three CCTs on fasting or FMDs and eight CCTs on KDs in cancer patients were included. In terms of diet‐related distress, emotional, social, and family well‐being, none of these studies showed a detrimental impact of fasting, FMDs and KDs. However, clinical trials specifically assessing the psychological aspects in the long term are lacking.

Conclusions and Perspectives

In the absence of a conclusive evidence on the clinical benefits of restrictive diets, which carry significant risks especially if unsupervised, further studies are needed to clarify their psychological impact in cancer patients. Multidisciplinary approaches including psychological evaluations should be used to ameliorate patient selection for clinical trials, identify early distress symptoms, and increase patient compliance to dietary recommendations.
Laparoscopy is non‐inferior to open surgery for rectal cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ma Ling , Yu Hai‐jiao , Zhu Yu‐bing , Li Wen‐xia , Xu Kai‐yu , Zhao Ai‐min , Ding Lei , Gao Hong
Published: July 2024

Background

Laparoscopic surgery has been endorsed by clinical guidelines for colon cancer, but not for rectal cancer on account of unapproved oncologic equivalence with open surgery.

Aims

We started this largest‐to‐date meta‐analysis to comprehensively evaluate the safety and efficacy of laparoscopy in the treatment of rectal cancer compared with open surgery.

Materials & Methods

Both randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials comparing laparoscopic proctectomy and open surgery between January 1990 and March 2020 were searched in PubMed, Cochrane Library and Embase Databases (PROSPERO registration number CRD42020211718). The data of intraoperative, pathological, postoperative and survival outcomes were compared between two groups.

Results

Twenty RCTs and 93 NRCTs including 216,615 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria, with 48,888 patients received laparoscopic surgery and 167,727 patients underwent open surgery. Compared with open surgery, laparoscopic surgery group showed faster recovery, less complications and decreased mortality within 30 days. The positive rate of circumferential margin (RR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.72 to 0.85, p < 0.0001) and distal margin (RR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.66 to 0.85 p < 0.0001) was significantly reduced in the laparoscopic surgery group, but the completeness of total mesorectal excision showed no significant difference. The 3‐year and 5‐year local recurrence, disease‐free survival and overall survival were all improved in the laparoscopic surgery group, while the distal recurrence did not differ significantly between the two approaches.

Conclusion

Laparoscopy is non‐inferior to open surgery for rectal cancer with respect to oncological outcomes and long‐term survival. Moreover, laparoscopic surgery provides short‐term advantages, including faster recovery and less complications.
Ultrahypofractionation in postoperative radiotherapy for breast cancer: A single‐institution retrospective cohort series
Authors: Calvo Tudela Angel , García Anaya María Jesús , Segado Guillot Salvador , Martin Romero Nuria , Lorca Ocón María Jesús , Medina Carmona José Antonio , Gómez‐Millán Jaime , García Ríos Isabel
Published: July 2024

Background

The ‘FAST‐forward’, study published in April 2020, demonstrated the effectiveness of an extremely hypofractionated radiotherapy schedule, delivering the total radiation dose in five sessions over the course of 1 week. We share our department's experience regarding patients treated with this regimen in real‐world clinical settings, detailing outcomes related to short‐term toxicity and efficacy.

Methods

A descriptive observational study was conducted on 160 patients diagnosed with breast cancer. Between July 2020 and December 2021, patients underwent conservative surgery followed by a regimen of 26 Gy administered in five daily fractions.

Results

The median age was 64 years (range: 43–83), with 82 patients (51.3%) treated for left‐sided breast cancer, 77 patients (48.1%) for right‐sided breast cancer, and 1 instance (0.6%) of bilateral breast cancer. Of these, 66 patients had pT1c (41.3%), 70.6% were infiltrative ductal carcinomas, and 11.3% were ductal carcinoma in situ. Most tumours exhibited intermediate grade (41.9%), were hormone receptor positive (81.3%), had low Ki‐67 (Ki‐67 < 20%; 51.9%) and were Her 2 negative (85%). The majority of surgical margins were negative (99.4%). Among the patients, 72.5% received hormonotherapy, and 23.8% received chemotherapy. Additionally, 26 patients (16.3%) received an additional tumour boost following whole breast irradiation (WHBI) of 10 Gy administered in five sessions of 2 Gy over a week. The median planning target volume (PTV) was 899 cm3 (range: 110–2509 cm3). Early toxicity was primarily grade I radiodermatitis, affecting 117 patients (73.1%). During a median follow‐up of 15 months (range: 3.9–28.77), only one patient experienced a local relapse, which required mastectomy.

Conclusions

The implementation of this highly hypofractionated regimen in early‐stage breast cancer appears feasible and demonstrates minimal early toxicity. However, a more extended follow‐up duration would be required to evaluate long‐term toxicity and efficacy accurately.
Phase 1b study to assess the safety, tolerability, and clinical activity of pamiparib in combination with temozolomide in patients with locally advanced or metastatic solid tumors
Authors: Stradella Agostina , Johnson Melissa , Goel Sanjay , Park Haeseong , Lakhani Nehal , Arkenau Hendrik‐Tobias , Galsky Matthew D. , Calvo Emiliano , Baz Vicente , Moreno Victor , Saavedra Omar , Luen Stephen J. , Mu Song , Wan Qiting , Chang Victoria , Zhang Wa , Barve Minal
Published: July 2024

Background

Pamiparib is a potent, selective, poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase 1/2 inhibitor that demonstrates synthetic lethality in cells with breast cancer susceptibility gene mutations or other homologous recombination deficiency. This two‐stage phase 1b study (NCT03150810) assessed pamiparib in combination with temozolomide (TMZ) in adult patients with histologically confirmed locally advanced and metastatic solid tumors.

Methods

Oral pamiparib 60 mg was administered twice daily. During the dose‐escalation stage, increasing doses of TMZ (40–120 mg once daily pulsed or 20–40 mg once daily continuous) were administered to determine the recommended dose to be administered in the dose‐expansion stage. The primary objectives were to determine safety and tolerability, maximum tolerated/administered dose, recommended phase 2 dose and schedule, and antitumor activity of pamiparib in combination with TMZ. Pharmacokinetics of pamiparib and TMZ and biomarkers were also assessed.

Results

Across stages, 139 patients were treated (dose escalation, n = 66; dose expansion, n = 73). The maximum tolerated dose of TMZ, which was administered during dose expansion, was 7‐day pulsed 60 mg once daily. The most common treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were anemia (dose escalation, 56.1%; dose expansion, 63.0%), nausea (dose escalation, 54.5%; dose expansion, 49.3%), and fatigue (dose escalation, 48.5%; dose expansion, 47.9%). In the dose‐escalation stage, four patients experienced dose‐limiting toxicities (three neutropenia and one neutrophil count decreased). No TEAEs considered to be related to study drug treatment resulted in death. Antitumor activity was modest, indicated by confirmed overall response rate (dose escalation, 13.8%; dose expansion, 11.6%), median progression‐free survival (3.7 and 2.8 months), and median overall survival (10.5 and 9.2 months). Administration of combination therapy did not notably impact pamiparib or TMZ pharmacokinetics.

Conclusions

Pamiparib in combination with TMZ had a manageable safety profile. Further investigation of the efficacy of this combination in tumor types with specific DNA damage repair deficiencies is warranted.
Effect of Medicaid expansion on cancer treatment and survival among Medicaid beneficiaries and the uninsured
Authors: Primm Kristin M. , Zhao Hui , Adjei Naomi N. , Sun Charlotte C. , Haas Alen , Meyer Larissa A. , Chang Shine
Published: July 2024

Background

The Affordable Care Act expanded Medicaid coverage for people with low income in the United States. Expanded insurance coverage could promote more timely access to cancer treatment, which could improve overall survival (OS), yet the long‐term effects of Medicaid expansion (ME) remain unknown. We evaluated whether ME was associated with improved timely treatment initiation (TTI) and 3‐year OS among patients with breast, cervical, colon, and lung cancers who were affected by the policy.

Methods

Medicaid‐insured or uninsured patients aged 40–64 with stage I–III breast, cervical, colon, or non‐small cell lung cancer within the National Cancer Database (NCDB). A difference‐in‐differences (DID) approach was used to compare changes in TTI (within 60 days) and 3‐year OS between patients in ME states versus nonexpansion (NE) states before (2010–2013) and after (2015–2018) ME. Adjusted DID estimates for TTI and 3‐year OS were calculated using multivariable linear regression and Cox proportional hazards regression models, respectively.

Results

ME was associated with a relative increase in TTI within 60 days for breast (DID = 4.6; p < 0.001), cervical (DID = 5.0 p = 0.013), and colon (DID = 4.0, p = 0.008), but not lung cancer (p = 0.505). In Cox regression analysis, ME was associated with improved 3‐year OS for breast (DID hazard ratio [HR] = 0.82, p = 0.009), cervical (DID‐HR = 0.81, p = 0.048), and lung (DID‐HR = 0.87, p = 0.003). Changes in 3‐year OS for colon cancer were not statistically different between ME and NE states (DID‐HR, 0.77; p = 0.075).

Conclusions

Findings suggest that expanded insurance coverage can improve treatment and survival outcomes among low income and uninsured patients with cancer. As the debate surrounding ME continues nationwide, our findings serve as valuable insights to inform the development of policies aimed at fostering accessible and affordable healthcare for all.
Investigating the Anticancer Effects of Pleurotus ostreatus Polysaccharide on G0/G1 Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Moyen Uddin PK Md , O'Sullivan Jane , Sayful Islam Mohammad , Shahangir Biswas Mohammad , Arbia Lubatul , Pervin Rumana , Rahman Matiar
Published: July 2024

Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Despite the advancement of cancer treatment by various means including surgery, chemotherapy etc, cancer is still a challenging disease to manage. This study was undertaken to investigate extraction, purification, structural elucidation, and the potential anti‐cancer effects of Pleurotus ostreatus polysaccharide (POP). The anti‐cancer activities were performed on the Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Cell Line. The results demonstrated that the MW of POP was154649.8 Da with homopolysaccharide composed of D‐glucose units, featuring (1→6)‐α‐D‐Glcp backbone with O‐6 branches and T‐α‐D‐Glcp terminations. and the yield was 6.27 %. The antitumor activity assessment demonstrated significant cytotoxicity of POP against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) cells, with an IC50 of 121.801 μg mL, supported by LDH release analysis. POP inhibited cell migration, invasion, and colony formation, indicating its potential as an anti‐cancer agent. POP elicited the apoptotic activity with the upregulation of Caspase‐9 and Bax, and downregulation of Bcl‐2. The DNA fragmentation assay further confirmed apoptosis‐mediated DNA degradations. Additionally, POP‐induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, by altering the expression of p53, Cyclin D, and Cdk4 proteins. So, Pleurotus ostreatus polysaccharide (POP) showed significant cytotoxicity on Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma cells, indicating potential as an anti‐cancer agent.
A Donor‐Acceptor Molecular Octopus and the CLICK Procedure in Columnar Liquid Crystal Phases
Authors: Lehmann Matthias , Reber Lisa , Fink Leonard , Adelmann Juliane
Published: July 2024

Two star‐shaped mesogens with a (meso‐tetraphenylporphinato) zinc (II) core and bithiophene conjugated arms with 3,4,5‐trisdodecyloxyphenyl periphery were synthesized. One of these molecules was decorated with four fullerenes via an aliphatic spacer. This is the sterically overcrowded compound with an octapodal morphology. The other star lacks the fullerenes and provides free space between the conjugated arms. This mesogen does not aggregate in solution, but in solid state it forms a hexagonal columnar and a highly ordered oblique helical columnar phase, while the octopus molecule assembles in an amorphous solid. Photophysical studies of the octapodal compound in solution and the solid thin film reveal the formation of J‐type aggregates, in which the interaction between donors (porphyrin) and acceptors (fullerene) dominates leading to absorption bands in the NIR region of the spectra. The mixture of both compounds results in a self‐assembly which is called the Click procedure. Fullerenes of the octopus nanosegregate in the pockets of the star mesogens generating hexagonal columnar structures with a regular stacking along the columnar axis. Thus providing free space is a tool to control the competition between supramolecular interactions and nanosegregation. Such liquid‐crystalline donor‐acceptor structures may play a role in future LC photovoltaic applications.
Exploiting Mixed Valence Charge Transfer for Electrochromic and Electrofluorochromic Use
Authors: Anthony Raj Mohan Raj , Yao Chengzhang , Frémont Mathieu , Skene W. G.
Published: July 2024

An asymmetric mixed valence fluorophore with two different electron rich termini was investigated as a dual‐role active material for electrochromism and electrofluorochromism. The fluorescence quantum yield (Φfl) and emission wavelength of the fluorophore were dependent on solvent polarity. The quantum yield of the material in an electrolyte gel, on a glass substrate and in a device was 40 %, 20 % and 13 % respectively. The fluorophore further underwent two near‐simultaneous electrochemical oxidations. The first oxidation resulted in a 1000 nm red shift in the absorption to broadly absorb in the NIR, corresponding to the intervalence charge transfer (IVCT). Whereas the second oxidation led to a perceived green color at 715 nm with the extinction of the NIR absorbing IVCT. Owing to the dissymmetry of the fluorophore along with its two unique oxidation sites, the IVCT gives rise to a mixed valence transfer charge (MVCT). The coloration efficiency of the fluorophore in both solution and a device was 1433 and 200 cm2 C−1, respectively. The fluorescence intensity could be reversibly modulated electrochemically. The photoemission intensity of the fluorophore was modulated with applied potential in an operating electrochromic/electrofluorochromic device. Both the dual electrochromic and the electrofluorochromic behavior of the fluorophore were demonstrated.
Comparison of skin prick test and prick‐to‐prick test with fruits and vegetables in the diagnosis of food allergy
Authors: Terlouw Severina , van Boven Frank E. , Borsboom‐van Zonneveld Monika , de Graaf‐in ’t Veld Tineke , Gerth van Wijk Roy , van Daele Paul L. A. , van Maaren Maurits S. , Kuijpers Jac H. S. A. M. , Veenbergen Sharon , de Jong Nicolette W.
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Prick‐to‐prick (PTP) test with fresh food is accepted as a reliable tool for measuring sensitization to fruits and vegetables. Not all fruits and vegetables are available throughout the year. The objective of this study was to investigate whether skin prick test (SPT) performed with frozen juice of fruits and vegetables (FJFV) is a good alternative to PTP tests performed with fresh fruits and vegetables (FFV).

Methods

Adult patients suspected of having a food allergy to fruits and/or vegetables were included. A questionnaire was used to score symptoms after consumption of apple, kiwi, peach, tomato, and carrot. SPTs with FJFV, and PTP tests with FFV were performed. Intra‐class correlation coefficients (ICC) between the SPT and PTP test results were calculated. The sensitivity and specificity of both diagnostic tests towards food allergen specific symptoms (FASS) were calculated.

Results

Thirty‐six patients were included. FASS was positive in 75% for apple, 53% for kiwi, 44% for peach, 25% for tomato, and 22% for carrot. ICC between SPT and PTP test results were moderate for apple (0.72) and kiwi (0.71), strong for peach (0.75) and tomato (0.89), and very strong for carrot (0.94). Sensitivity was equal for the SPT and PTP tests for apple (0.93), peach (0.81), and carrot (1.00), and comparable for kiwi (0.50 resp. 0.70), and tomato (0.44 resp. 0.56). Specificity was equal for apple (0.33), peach (0.15), and carrot (0.41), and comparable for kiwi (0.29 resp. 0.21) and tomato (0.80 resp. 0.72).

Conclusions

Results of SPT with FJFV and PTP test with FFV are comparable. SPT with FJFV is a good alternative in the daily practice of the allergists.
Exploring the usability of simulated patient methodology in dental clinics in Western Australia: A pilot survey
Authors: Liyange Viduni , Low Xin Rong , Park Joon Soo , Ngo Hien C. , Clifford Rhonda , Seubert Liza
Published: July 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to explore the dental staff knowledge of simulated patient methodology and support for its use to investigate dental staffs' triaging ability.

Material and Methods

Staff at dental practices in Western Australia were invited to participate in a cross‐sectional online questionnaire, consisting of demographic questions, questions on triaging, and knowledge of simulated patient methodology. Descriptive and parametric tests were undertaken for quantitative data; qualitative responses were thematically analyzed.

Results

Of the 100 participants, most were female (71%), aged 25−39 years (57%), dentists (46%), and worked in private practices (60%). While 82% of participants triaged dental appointment enquiries, only 26% had heard of simulated patient studies. The majority (66%) of participants spent 1−5 min when triaging appointments and less than half (29%) asked about medical history, aggravating or alleviating factors. Although there was a general positive attitude toward use of simulated patient methodology to investigate practice, some concerns were identified.

Conclusions

The findings of our exploratory study suggests that there may be a potential for utilizing simulated patient studies to improve the care of patients by dental receptionists in general dental practices.
Effects of Different Concentrations of Carbamide Peroxide on Color, Surface Roughness, and Hardness of CAD/CAM Dental Ceramics
Authors: Jamshidi Saman , Alaghemand Homayoun , Esmaeili Behnaz , Gholinia Hemmat
Published: July 2024

Objectives

This study assessed the effects of 15% and 20% carbamide peroxide (CP) on color, surface roughness, and hardness of computer‐aided design/computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) dental ceramics.

Materials and Methods

This in vitro study was conducted on 120 Vita Mark II, Celtra Duo, and Suprinity CAD/CAM ceramic specimens. The ceramic specimens in each group (n = 40) were randomly assigned to two subgroups (n = 20) for polishing and glazing, and their baseline color, surface roughness (Ra), and hardness were assessed. In each subgroup, half of the specimens were exposed to 15% CP, while the other half were exposed to 20% CP. Their color change (ΔE), surface roughness, and hardness were then measured again. Surface roughness, hardness, and color were analyzed sequentially by profilometer, Vickers hardness tester, and spectrophotometer, respectively. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA, one‐way ANOVA, and post hoc Bonferroni test (α = 0.05).

Results

The surface roughness of all groups significantly increased after bleaching treatment (p < 0.05). Surface hardness of all groups decreased after bleaching treatment, but this reduction was only significant in Vita Mark II subgroups (glazed, polished, 15%, and 20% CP). The ΔE was not clinically and visually perceivable in any group.

Conclusion

The present results revealed that concentration of CP and type of surface treatment affected the surface properties of CAD/CAM ceramics. Type of surface treatment only affected the surface hardness of Vita Mark II ceramics (p < 0.05). Concentration of CP had a significant effect only on polished Vita Mark II.
Artificial Intelligence Readiness, Perceptions, and Educational Needs Among Dental Students: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Hammoudi Halat Dalal , Shami Rula , Daud Alaa , Sami Waqas , Soltani Abderrezzaq , Malki Ahmed
Published: July 2024

Objectives

With Artificial Intelligence (AI) profoundly affecting education, ensuring that students in health disciplines are ready to embrace AI is essential for their future workforce integration. This study aims to explore dental students' readiness to use AI, perceptions about AI in health education and healthcare, and their AI‐related educational needs.

Material and Methods

A cross‐sectional survey was conducted among dental students at the College of Dental Medicine, Qatar University. The survey assessed readiness for AI using the Medical Artificial Intelligence Readiness Scale (MAIRS). Students' perceptions of AI in healthcare and health education and their educational needs were also explored.

Results

A total of 94 students responded to the survey. AI readiness scores were average (3.3 ± 0.64 out of 5); while participants appeared more ready for the vision and ethics domains of MAIRS, they showed less readiness regarding cognition and ability. Participants scored average on AI perceptions (3.35 ± 0.45 out of 5), with concerns regarding AI risks and disadvantages. They expressed a high need for knowledge and skills related to AI use in healthcare (84%), AI for health‐related research (81.9%), and AI in radiology and imaging procedures (79.8%). Student readiness had a significant correlation with AI perceptions and perceived level of AI knowledge.

Conclusions

This is the first study in Qatar exploring dental students' AI readiness, perceptions, and educational needs regarding AI applications in education and healthcare. The perceived AI knowledge gaps could inform future curricular AI integration. Advancing AI skills and deepening AI comprehension can empower future dental professionals through anticipated advances in the AI‐driven healthcare landscape.
Clinical and cytological characteristics of serous effusions in 69 cases of lymphoma patients
Authors: Zhang Suxia , Chen Xue , Bo Jiaqi , Zhu Xuyou , Zhang Tingting , Gao Zhaoping , Zheng Fanshuo , Bi Xiaohan , Luo Xiu , Li Bing , Xiu Bing , Zeng Yu
Published: July 2024

Background

To explore the value of cell morphology, immunophenotype, and gene alterations of serosal effusion in the diagnosis of lymphoma.

Methods

Serosal effusion of 69 cases of lymphoma patients were collected, including 36 cases with malignant effusion and 33 cases with nonmalignant effusion. Ordinary cytology, liquid‐based cytology, cellblock, and immunocytochemical staining were performed in each case, some cases were detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization for C‐MYC, BCL2, and BCL6 gene translocations. T/B cell ratio in malignant and nonmalignant serosal effusions was analyzed and compared by flow cytometry (FCM) and immunohistochemical (IHC), respectively. The prognostic value of serous effusion in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was investigated and another 20 DLBCL cases without effusion were successively selected as control.

Results

The number of naive lymphocytes, apoptotic bodies, and mitotic figures were more common in malignant effusions compared with nonmalignant effusions (p < .01). The top three lymphomas in malignant effusion were DLBCL (19/36, 52.8%), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) (4/36, 11.1%, 3 blastoid variant) and high‐grade B‐cell lymphoma (HGBL) (4/36, 11.1%). T/B cell ratio by FCM analysis ranged from 0.00 to 0.55 (mean 0.084) in malignant effusion, and 2.58 to 984.00 (mean 249.9) in nonmalignant effusion. The difference was significant (p = .017). The T/B cell ratio by IHC analysis ranged from 0.02 to 3.00 (mean 0.200) in malignant effusion, and 2.00–100.00 (mean 34.10) in nonmalignant effusion. The difference was significant (p = .017). In the effusions involving DLBCL, most effusions were present at the time of diagnosis (57.9%); single pleural effusions were more common (36.8%). The median overall survival times of patients with malignant effusion, nonmalignant effusion and DLBCL without serous effusion were 11, 17, and 23 months respectively (p = .04). Three patients of HGBL died, and the overall survival times were 5, 8, and 9 months, respectively.

Conclusions

The cytomorphological characteristics combined with immunophenotype, FCM, gene rearrangement, and other tests can diagnose and classify patients with effusion as the first symptom. The T/B cell ratio is less than 1 by FCM or IHC suggesting a malignant serosal effusion. The presence of malignant effusion in DLBCL patients is an important clue for poor prognosis.
How important are the cytomorphologic subtypes of the salivary gland neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential (SUMP) category in the Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytology? An institutional experience 2018–2024
Authors: Arisi Maria Florencia , Jin Xueting , Ravish Nakul A. , Chand Momal T. , Baloch Zubair
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Salivary gland neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential (SUMP) is an important diagnostic category of the Milan System for reporting salivary gland cytology (MSRSGC). Further subcategorization by cytomorphologic subtypes has been recommended to risk‐stratify cases. In this study, our institutional experience with the risk of neoplasm (RON) and risk of malignancy (ROM) based on cytomorphologic subcategorization of SUMP is reported. We also report the prevalence of malignancy (POM) at our institution.

Methods

The pathology database was queried for cases of fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) diagnosed as SUMP along with follow‐up at our institution from 2018–February 2024. This study was approved by an institutional review board.

Results

Of 1159 cases of salivary gland FNA specimens reported as per MSRSGC at our institution, 14.8% (171/1159 cases) were diagnosed as SUMP, with these reports verified by at least 16 cytopathologists. Surgical follow‐up was available for 139/171 (81.3%) of these cases, for which the original cytomorphologic subgroups were as follows: 65 (46.8%) basaloid, 48 (34.5%) oncocytic/oncocytoid, 14 (10.1%) myoepithelial, 9 (6.5%) other, 2 (1.4%) clear cell, and 1 (0.7%) mucinous. The POM within SUMP at our institution is within a range of 29.8%–36.7%. When considering all cases, our institutional RON for SUMP was 97.8% (136/139), and the ROM was 36.7% (51/139). Notably, a significant portion of cases (36%, 50/139) underwent review at a daily intradepartmental consensus conference. Analysis revealed that SUMP cases that underwent consensus review had a ROM of 46% (23/50), versus 31.5% (28/89) in independently verified cases (p = .13). Of the cytomorphologic subgroups, basaloid SUMP in particular was more likely to be benign on resection when the case had been independently verified than after consensus review (p = .0082). When considering only the independently verified cases, the ROM for each subgroup was as follows: 38.7% (12/31) in oncocytic/oncocytoid, 20% (9/45) in basaloid, 33.3% (2/6) in myoepithelial, 60% (3/5) in “other”, and 100% (1/1) in both mucinous and clear cell (p = .0407).

Conclusion

While the RON is high across all cytomorphologic subgroups of SUMP, the ROM does vary across the groups, with basaloid cytomorphology having the lowest ROM. This effect is seen in independently verified cases but not in cases having undergone consensus review.
Vastly SynergisticFe2CuNiS4‐Nanoarchitectures Anchored2D‐Nano‐Sandwich Derived from Flower‐Like‐CuFeS2/N‐Graphene and Cube‐Like‐NiFeS2/N‐CNTsfor Water Oxidation and Nitrophenol Reduction
Authors: Mayakrishnan Gopiraman , Vanaraj Ramkumar , Xiong Junpeng , Farooq Muhammad , Ullah Azeem , Zhang Keqin , Kim Seong Cheol , Kim Ick Soo
Published: July 2024

Surface area, pore properties, synergistic behavior, homogenous dispersion, and interactions between carbon matrix and metal‐nanostructures are the key factors for achieving the better performance of carbon‐metal based (electro)catalysts. However, the traditional hydro‐ or solvothermal preparation of (electro)catalysts, particularly, bi‐ or tri‐metallic nanostructures anchored graphene (G) or carbon nanotubes (CNTs), often pose to poor metal–support interaction, low synergism, and patchy dispersion. At first, bimetallic flower‐like‐CuFeS2/NG and cube‐like‐NiFeS2/NCNTs nanocomposites were prepared by solvothermal method. The resultant bimetallic nanocomposites were employed to derive the 2D‐nano‐sandwiched Fe2CuNiS4/NGCNTs‐SW (electro)catalyst by a very simple and green urea‐mediated “mix‐heat” method. The desired physicochemical properties of Fe2CuNiS4/NGCNTs‐SW such as multiple active sites, strong metal‐support interaction, homogenous dispersion and enhanced surface area were confirmed by various microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first urea‐mediated “mix‐heat” method for preparing 2D‐nano‐sandwiched carbon‐metal‐based (electro)catalysts. The Fe2CuNiS4/NGCNTs‐SW was found to be highly effective for alkaline‐mediated oxygen evolution reaction at low onset potential of 284.24 mV, and the stable current density of 10 mA cm−2in 1.0 mKOH for 10 h. Further, the Fe2CuNiS4/NGCNTs‐SW demonstrated excellent catalytic activity in the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol with good kappvalue of 87.71 × 10−2 s−1and excellent reusability over five cycles. Overall, the developed urea‐mediated “mix‐heat” method is highly efficient for the preparation of metal‐nanoarchitectures anchored 2D‐nano‐sandwiched (electro)catalysts with high synergism, uniform dispersion and excellent metal‐support interaction.
Occupied Outer Cationic Orbitals in Dimeric MX2‐Type BaSe2 Compound Lead to Reduced Thermal Conductivity and High Thermoelectric Performance
Authors: Zhang Jie , Zhou Li , Xia Xiaohong , Gao Yun , Huang Zhongbing
Published: July 2024

Decoupling electrical and thermal properties to enhance the figure of merit of thermoelectric materials underscores an in‐depth understanding of the mechanisms that govern the transfer of charge carriers. Typically, a factor that contributes to the optimization of thermal conductivity is often found to be detrimental to the electrical transport properties. Here, we systematically investigated 26 dimeric MX2‐type compounds (where M represents a metal and X represents a nonmetal element) to explore the influence of the electronic configurations of metal cations on lattice thermal transport and thermoelectric performance using first‐principles calculations. A principled scheme has been identified that the filled outer orbitals of the cation lead to a significantly lower lattice thermal conductivity compared to that of the partly occupied case for MX2, due to the much weakened bonds manifested by the shallow potential well, smaller interatomic force constants, and higher atomic displacement parameters. Based on these findings, we propose two ionic compounds, BaAs and BaSe2, to realize reasonable high electrical conductivities through the structural anisotropy caused by the inserted covalent X2 dimers while still maintaining the large lattice anharmonicity. The combined superior electrical and thermal properties of BaSe2 lead to a high n‐type thermoelectric ZT value of 2.3 at 500 K. This work clarifies the structural origin of the heat transport properties of dimeric MX2‐type compounds and provides an insightful strategy for developing promising thermoelectric materials.
Coinage Metal Effect on the Reduction of Carbon Dioxide with Monomeric Metal‐Hydride Complexes
Authors: Sorbelli Diego , Belpassi Leonardo , Belanzoni Paola
Published: July 2024

The role of the coinage metal in monomeric hydride complexes for the reduction of carbon dioxide to formate has been computationally addressed in this work. The common reaction mechanism, i. e. a concerted M−H (M=Cu, Ag, Au) bond attack to the CO2 carbon atom with one oxygen atom coordinating to the metal center, has been analyzed, revealing a kinetically less favorable reactivity for the gold‐hydride complex. A thorough computational investigation discloses that, while all complexes feature covalent electron‐sharing M−H bonds, copper‐ and silver‐hydride complexes display a relevant M(δ+)−H(δ−) bond polarization, which enables an enhanced basicity of the hydride and, thereby, a more kinetically favorable CO2 reduction process. This study provides useful guidelines for the design of monomeric metal hydride complexes as promising candidates for the CO2 reduction.
Optimization of electrolyte‐insulator‐semiconductor capacitor sensor by differential design
Authors: Luo Jiezhang , Liu Shibin , Chen Yinghao , Tan Jie , Zhao Wenbo , Yang Yongyi , Hui Chenbo , Zheng Yaoxin , Tan Yue , Li Guifang , Li Xueliang
Published: July 2024

An electrolyte‐insulator‐semiconductor capacitor (EISCAP) sensor with the unique differential design is proposed where a liquid‐free reference (LR) device is used as the reference signal source. After the output matching based on AC excitation adjustment, LR device can provide up to 80 % elimination efficiency of background signal for differential EISCAP sensor. Experiment results of pH sensing demonstrate that the differential EISCAP sensor has the better accuracy and time stability compared with conventional EISCAP sensor. The differential design provides a feasible optimization direction for EISCAP sensor in monitoring applications.
Risk of behavioral disturbances in pediatric patients with epilepsy and mild to moderate cognitive impairment: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Schader Carla , Schmidlechner Tristan , Cornell Sonia , Gerstl Lucia , Trollmann Regina , Borggraefe Ingo
Published: July 2024

Objective

The aim of the study was to assess whether children and adolescents with epilepsy are at higher risk of behavioral disturbances when they have concomitant cognitive disturbances.

Methods

Behavioral scores were generated using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Cognitive evaluation was applied by using different age appropriate versions of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale. CBCL scores (total, externalizing, internalizing) were compared between patients with and without intellectual disability (IQ score < 70 and ≥70, respectively).

Results

144 (10.2 mean age, 6.0–17.9 range) patients were recruited for the study. Patients with mild to moderate intellectual disability (full‐scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) < 70) were not at higher risk of behavioral disturbances (total CBCL score ≥ 63) than patients without cognitive impairment. The mean total CBCL score was 62.0 ± 10.6 (range 42.0–83.5, 95% CI 57.9–62.0) and 59.3 ± 10.3 (range 38.0–80.0, CI 57.4–61.2) for patients with FSIQ < 70 and ≥70, respectively. There was no correlation between FSIQ and total CBCL scores. These findings were true for all IQ subcategories.

Significance

Behavioral disturbances among children and adolescents with epilepsy occur despite the presence or absence of intellectual dysfunction with respect to full‐scale IQ.
Transient global amnesia after the right temporal epilepsy surgery: A case report
Authors: Schütz Elisa , Altenmüller Dirk‐Matthias , Wagner Kathrin , Heers Marcel , Schulze‐Bonhage Andreas , Metternich Birgitta
Published: July 2024

Transient global amnesia (TGA) is characterized by sudden and temporary memory impairment, while transient epileptic amnesia (TEA) represents amnestic attacks as the main manifestation of focal epilepsy with presumed temporal origin. We present a 48‐year‐old patient who experienced transient amnesia 10 weeks after right selective amygdalo‐hippocampectomy for right temporal lobe epilepsy. Despite TEA being a plausible explanation for amnesia in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, no epileptiform discharges were found during the amnestic episode and key features indicative of TGA, including long duration, isolated occurrence, and dense anterograde amnesia of the episode, argued against a diagnosis of TEA in this case. Notably, the patient has remained seizure‐free (now 4,5 years) and stopped taking antiseizure medication 32 months after surgery. Although TGA clinical criteria formally exclude patients with recent active epilepsy, neurologists should be aware that TGA can occur after epilepsy surgery in the temporal lobe. Therefore, we consider it of high clinical relevance to establish a careful differential diagnosis between TGA and epileptic amnestic attacks after epilepsy surgery to avoid unnecessary reintroduction or continuation of antiseizure medication. Additionally, this case presents the first comparison of detailed neuropsychological test results before and after a presumed TGA episode, revealing a complete recovery of anterograde memory functions within 1 day.

Plain Language Summary

A 48‐year‐old patient experienced an episode of transient amnesia 10 weeks after epilepsy surgery. Given the patient's history, an epileptic origin of the episode initially seemed likely. However, tests revealed no seizure activity during the episode and the characteristics matched a condition called transient global amnesia. This case highlights the importance of correctly diagnosing memory impairments after epilepsy surgery to prevent unnecessary treatment.
A deformation mismatch strategy enables over 120% stretchability of encapsulated serpentine silicon strips for stretchable electronics
Authors: Shi Yihao , Zhang Bingchang , Zhao Jianzhong , Qin Jiahao , Bai Ke , Yu Jia , Zhang Xiaohong
Published: July 2024

It is significant to develop stretchable electronics based on silicon materials for practical applications. Although various stretchable silicon structures have been reported, electronic systems based on them exhibit limited stretchability due to the constraints between them and polymer substrates. Here, an innovative strategy of deformation mismatch is proposed to break the constraints between silicon structures and polymers and effectively reduce the strain concentration in silicon structures. As a result, encapsulated serpentine silicon strips (S‐Si strips) achieve unprecedented stretchability, exceeding 120%. The encapsulated S‐Si strip also exhibits remarkable mechanical stability and durability, enduring 100 000 cycles of 100% stretch without fracture. The effect of key parameters, including the central angle, thickness, and width of the S‐Si strip, on the deformation mismatch is revealed through combing experiments and theoretical analysis, which will guide the rational implementation of the deformation mismatch strategy. Electrical testing showcases the strain‐insensitive nature and good electrical stability of encapsulated S‐Si strips, benefiting practical applications. This work provides a new paradigm of silicon materials with excellent stretchability and will facilitate the development of stretchable electronics.
The role of alpha oscillations in free‐ and goal‐directed semantic associations
Authors: Zioga Ioanna , Kenett Yoed N. , Giannopoulos Anastasios , Luft Caroline Di Bernardi
Published: July 2024

Alpha oscillations are known to play a central role in several higher‐order cognitive functions, especially selective attention, working memory, semantic memory, and creative thinking. Nonetheless, we still know very little about the role of alpha in the generation of more remote semantic associations, which is key to creative and semantic cognition. Furthermore, it remains unclear how these oscillations are shaped by the intention to “be creative,” which is the case in most creativity tasks. We aimed to address these gaps in two experiments. In Experiment 1, we compared alpha oscillatory activity (using a method which distinguishes genuine oscillatory activity from transient events) during the generation of free associations which were more vs. less distant from a given concept. In Experiment 2, we replicated these findings and also compared alpha oscillatory activity when people were generating free associations versus associations with the instruction to be creative (i.e. goal‐directed). We found that alpha was consistently higher during the generation of more distant semantic associations, in both experiments. This effect was widespread, involving areas in both left and right hemispheres. Importantly, the instruction to be creative seems to increase alpha phase synchronisation from left to right temporal brain areas, suggesting that intention to be creative changed the flux of information in the brain, likely reflecting an increase in top‐down control of semantic search processes. We conclude that goal‐directed generation of remote associations relies on top‐down mechanisms compared to when associations are freely generated.
How do physicians respond to new medical research?
Authors: DeCicca Philip , Isabelle Maripier , Malak Natalie
Published: July 2024

What happens when the findings of a prominent medical study are overturned? Using a medical trial on breech births, we estimate the effect of the reversal of such a medical study on physician choices and infant health outcomes. Using the United States Birth Certificate Records from 1995 to 2010, we employ a difference‐in‐differences estimator for C‐sections, low Apgar, and low birth weight measures. We find that the reversal of a multi‐site, high profile, randomized control trial on the appropriate delivery of term breech births, the Term Breech Trial, led to a 15%–23% decline in C‐sections for such births at a time when the overall trend in C‐sections was rising. We find our largest estimated effects amongst traditionally disadvantaged groups (i.e., non‐white, and minimal education). However, we do not find that such a change in practice had significant impacts on infant health. Contrary to prior studies, we find that physicians updated their beliefs quickly, and do indeed adjust to new medical research, particularly young physicians, prior to mandatory policy or professional guidelines.
Effectiveness of meditation on wellness management among corporate employees in India: An interventional study
Authors: Radheshyam Avani , Ramani Vinod K. , Thupalle Subramanyam , Bangalore Darukaradhya Tejaswini , Naik Radheshyam
Published: July 2024

Background and Aims

Urban corporate sector relies heavily on workplace well‐being, with meditation being a potent stress reduction method that significantly enhances the quality of life (QoL) and wellness. The study aims to assess the effectiveness of meditation on wellness management among corporate employees in India.

Methods

The quasi‐experimental controlled study design was employed from May to June 2021, which assessed stress, QoL, and wellness indices (satisfaction with life, well‐being) with meditation practice as the intervention. The online questionnaire incorporates questions from the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale, World Health Organization (WHO) QoL Scale, Five‐item Satisfaction with Life scale and WHO‐5 Well‐being Index. A nonrandom sampling technique selected 146 and 74 subjects in the intervention and control groups, respectively, among the employees of Star health‐ and allied insurance company. The data was analyzed using SPSS V27 (©IBM SPSS Statistics). The Wilcoxon signed rank test for the dependent groups, and Mann–Whitney U test for the independent groups (between subjects) was performed.

Results

Among a total of 220 subjects who enrolled in the recruitment survey, 146 subjects underwent the intervention thus providing a response rate of 66.4%. For the intervention group, the difference (within group) in mean scores between baseline and endline assessment shows a reduction in stress (0.02) and significant improvement in QoL (0.21) and wellness indices (satisfaction with life: 0.21, well‐being: 0.24). The difference (between the experimental and control groups) in mean endline scores shows a decrease in stress (0.07), an increase in wellness indices (satisfaction with life: 0.12, well‐being: 0.23), and a significant change in the QoL (0.17).

Conclusion

Meditation intervention in corporate wellness programs enhances the QoL, wellness, and stress management, establishing the effectiveness of health profile‐raising ingenuities at the workplace.