bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding Risk Communication Through a Postcolonial Theory Perspective: Lessons from Three Studies on COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy
Authors: Adekola Josephine
Published: December 2024

This article uses postcolonial theory to examine optimal risk communication practices of new risks and scientific information to non-indigenous communities. The article calls on risk communication scholars and health practitioners to embrace postcolonial theory as it provides a critical and reflective framework to examine ontological beliefs and methodological and structural aspects in the communication of public health messages. The article draws on insight from three studies on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy within Scotland’s African, Caribbean, and Black communities between March 2021 and April 2022. The article offers new insight into why some communities hesitate to respond to public health messages such as vaccine uptake advice. Therefore, risk communication scholars should use the postcolonial lens to examine their assumptions, thinking, and perspectives on communicating new science and risk information in emergencies. Postcolonial theory enables risk communication scholars to address power imbalances, representation, and inclusion challenges in public health communication and trust-building efforts.
A Machine Learning-Based Parameterized Tropical Cyclone Precipitation Model
Authors: Lu Yi , Yin Jie , Chen Peiyan , Yu Hui , Huang Sirong
Published: December 2024

Current simulation models considerably underestimate local-scale, short-duration extreme precipitation induced by tropical cyclones (TCs). This problem needs to be addressed to establish active response policies for TC-induced disasters. Taking Shanghai, a coastal megacity, as a study area and based on the observations from 192 meteorological stations in the city during 2005–2018, this study optimized the parameterized Tropical Cyclone Precipitation Model (TCPM) initially designed for TCs at the national scale (China) to the local or regional scales by using machine learning (ML) methods, including the random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and ensemble learning (EL) algorithms. The TCPM-ML was applied for multiple temporal scale hazard assessment. The results show that: (1) The TCPM-ML not only improved TCPM performance for simulating hourly extreme precipitations, but also preserved the physical meaning of the results, contrary to ML methods; (2) Machine learning algorithms enhanced the TCPM ability to reproduce observations, although the hourly extreme precipitations remained slightly underestimated; (3) Best performance was obtained with the XGBoost or EL algorithms. Combining the strengths of both XGBoost and RF, the EL algorithm yielded the best overall performance. This study provides essential model support for TC disaster risk assessment and response at the local and regional scales in China.
Minimal intervention dentistry for treating primary teeth: a survey study among members of the Israeli Society of Paediatric Dentistry
Authors: Moskovitz M. , Elkesslasy T. , Shmueli A. , Halperson E. , Ram D. , Fux-Noy A.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

To assess the attitudes of dentists in Israel to minimal intervention on primary teeth.

Methods

For this cross-sectional study, data were accessed from questionnaires that were completed anonymously by members of the Israeli Society of Paediatric Dentistry. For four clinical scenarios, the respondents were asked to describe the stage at which they would intervene, the type of preparation they would utilize, and the restorative materials they would use. The scenarios included proximal and occlusal caries in the primary molar and buccal and proximal caries in the primary maxillary incisor.

Results

Forty-six dentists completed the questionnaire. Forty-one (89%) cited that they would intervene in stages 3 and 4 (of 6) of proximal caries in the primary molar; 34 of these stated that the cavity preparation would be of the proximal box type. For occlusal caries, 37 (80%) stated they would intervene in stages 2 and 3 (of 5); 31 of these would only remove the carious lesion. Thirty-three (72%) of the respondents stated they would intervene in stage 3 (of 4) of buccal caries; 31 (67%) stated they would intervene in stage 2 (of 4) of proximal caries in the primary maxillary incisor.

Conclusion

The study reveals that specialists and non-specialists dentists in Israel use minimally invasive dentistry to treat children, either by intervening at a later stage of tooth decay or by employing conservative techniques to restore teeth. This aligns with the philosophy of minimal intervention.
Environmental Foundations to the Rise of Early Civilisations in China
Authors: Zhuang Yijie
Published: December 2024

The transition from the middle to late Holocene (5000–4000 BP) coincided with profound socioeconomic transformations and intensified regional and trans-regional interactions in late prehistoric China. These environmental and socioeconomic changes gave rise to diverse lifeways and settlement modes that constituted the foundation for the emergence of regional civilisations. In this Element, prehistoric China is divided roughly into the Highlands, Lowlands, and Coastal areas, each with unique environmental and ecological conditions and distinctive technological and economic traditions between 5000–4000 BP. The author gathers and reviews large amounts of environmental and archaeological data, and reconstructs brief environmental and settlement changes and lifeways. The author argues that environmental conditions and subsistence adaptations are two of the engines driving the increased socioeconomic complexity and rise of civilisations in the late prehistoric China. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Capital in Banking
Authors: Amrein Simon
Published: December 2024

Capital in Banking traces the role of capital in US, British, and Swiss banking from the 19th to the 21st century. The book discusses the impact of perceptions and conventions on capital ratios in the 19th century, the effects of the First and Second World Wars, and the interaction of crises and banking regulation during the 1930s and the 1970s. Moreover, it emphasises the origins of the risk-weighted assets approach for measuring capital adequacy and explains how the 2007/2008 crisis led to a renaissance of unweighted capital ratios. The book shows that undisclosed reserves, shareholders' liability, and hybrid forms of capital must be considered when assessing capital adequacy. As the first long-run historical assessment of the topic, this book represents a reference point for publications in economics, finance, financial regulation, and financial history. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Taiwan and the Danger of a Sino-American War
Authors: Chan Steve
Published: December 2024

The author presents contrarian arguments contesting mainstream US views on the danger of a Sino-American war over Taiwan's status. They contend that these countries' dispute about Taiwan is motivated by opposing strategic interests and security concerns rather than just, or even mainly, clashing values such as national reunification, sovereignty, democracy, and self-determination. The danger of a Sino-American confrontation has become more elevated recently due to a confluence of several concurrent developments. Despite this increased danger compared to any time since Richard Nixon visited Beijing in 1972, they conclude that war is not imminent or likely-barring extreme hardliners and radical nationalists taking over policymaking in Beijing, Taipei and/or Washington. Despite a rising chorus urging Washington to commit more firmly to Taiwan's defense, they argue that the United States will not likely intervene directly on Taiwan's behalf. Even more controversially, they submit that Beijing will eventually prevail in this dispute.
Existential Happiness
Authors: York Kyle
Published: December 2024

Existential happiness is happiness that one has a basic life at all. Having a basic life, as I understand it, involves being the subject of experiences and being an agent in some minimal sense. As I argue, existential happiness is a fitting response to having a basic life. To make this argument, I look at two possible accounts of the fittingness of existential happiness: the value of a basic life and attachment to the constitutive elements of one’s life. I also consider a few possible sources of existential happiness, including encounters with death, counterfactual thinking, and hedonically positive feelings of awe directed toward one’s own consciousness.
Release of a finite volume of viscous fluid over rigid curvilinear surfaces
Authors: Di Xiaoning , Huppert Herbert E.
Published: December 2024

Viscous gravity currents play a fundamental role in many natural and industrial applications, where practical scenarios often involve the current propagating over rigid curvilinear surfaces. In this study, we employ lubrication theory to develop low-dimensional models for such two-dimensional and axisymmetric propagation, resulting from the release of a finite volume of viscous fluid. A key dimensionless parameter is identified, representing the volume ratio between the released fluid and the curvilinear surface, which governs the current evolution. By simplifying the curvilinear surface with linear–exponential and sinusoidal shapes, we observe distinct flow behaviours. Over linear–exponential surfaces, the current may become trapped, bypass the peak or flow downward, while over sinusoidal surfaces, the propagation is hindered compared with the behaviour over horizontal straight surfaces. The low-dimensional models are validated using the volume of fluid method in computational fluid dynamics, showing consistent predictions of the current evolution over rigid curvilinear surfaces.
The dynamics of concentration fluctuations within passive scalar plumes in a turbulent neutral boundary layer
Authors: Cassiani M. , Ardeshiri H. , Pisso I. , Salizzoni P. , Marro M. , Stohl A. , Stebel K. , Park S. Y.
Published: December 2024

We investigate the concentration fluctuations of passive scalar plumes emitted from small, localised (point-like) steady sources in a neutrally stratified turbulent boundary layer over a rough wall. The study utilises high-resolution large-eddy simulations for sources of varying sizes and heights. The numerical results, which show good agreement with wind-tunnel studies, are used to estimate statistical indicators of the concentration field, including spectra and moments up to the fourth order. These allow us to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the production, transport and dissipation of concentration fluctuations, with a focus on the very near field, where the skewness is found to have negative values – an aspect not previously highlighted. The gamma probability density function is confirmed to be a robust model for the one-point concentration at sufficiently large distances from the source. However, for ground-level releases in a well-defined area around the plume centreline, the Gaussian distribution is found to be a better statistical model. As recently demonstrated by laboratory results, for elevated releases, the peak and shape of the pre-multiplied scalar spectra are confirmed to be independent of the crosswind location for a given downwind distance. Using a stochastic model and theoretical arguments, we demonstrate that this is due to the concentration spectra being directly shaped by the transverse and vertical velocity components governing the meandering of the plume. Finally, we investigate the intermittency factor, i.e. the probability of non-zero concentration, and analyse its variability depending on the thresholds adopted for its definition.
First record of the Parabolina Fauna in the Cambrian (Furongian) of Alborz, northern Iran
Authors: Ghobadi Pour Mansoureh , Popov Leonid E. , Kebria-ee Zadeh Mohammad-Reza
Published: December 2024

A small trilobite assemblage, including Parabolina (Neoparabolina) frequens, assignable to the Parabolina Fauna, has been recovered from the Furongian (Cambrian Stage 10) Sah Member of the Mila Formation in the Tuyeh–Darvar section, the eastern Alborz Mountains, north Iran. The assemblage includes eight genera and species; two of them, Niobella darvarensis n. sp. and Macropyge (Promacropyge) sahensis n. sp., are new to science. The incursion of a Parabolina fauna into Alborz is confined to a significant drowning event with associated dark-gray shale deposition, which most probably occurred in the lower part of the Cordylodus proavus conodont Zone. While the generic composition of the assemblage is mostly cosmopolitan with the exception of the endemic Alborsella, the occurrence of Indiligens, Macropyge (Promacropyge) sahensis n. sp., Agnostotes sp. aff. A. sulcatus, and Leiagnostus bexelli indicates faunal links with South China and Tarim. Parabolina (Neoparabolina) frequens is widespread mainly in offshore deposits from temperate Gondwana (Armorican terrane assemblage, Argentina) and Baltica of about that age.

UUID: http://zoobank.org/6b3118d0-5907-41b9-af44-cee838c5e630
Drawing the Jewish Propter Nos: Nineteenth-Century Missions and the Making of Race
Authors: Baron-Bloch Rachel
Published: December 2024

This paper traces discourse and practices among Jewish communal leaders in Western Europe and the United States regarding the need for Jewish missions to China and Ethiopia. Though thousands of miles apart, China and Ethiopia became closely entwined in their racial imagination. Beginning in the 1840s, the Jewish international press depicted both as biblical lost tribes, languishing in isolation and ignorance, and in need of a guiding hand with the mounting threat of Christian missionizing. Jewish communal leaders began to call for Jewish missions in the 1850s, and they looked to contemporary scientific, evangelical, and civilizing missions as models, merging elements from all three. Throughout the 1860s, in debates over who should lead a Jewish mission, three different types surfaced: an explorer, rabbinic emissary, and Orientalist. Each of these reframed prophetic calls for the return of the lost tribes within a modern scientific and imperial project. Drawing on the work of Sylvia Wynter, I argue that these communities in China and Ethiopia came to serve as boundary markers, demarcating the outer limits of the Jewish world, of Jewishness, and Judaism as it became increasingly circumscribed through theological, behavioral, and racial norms. Not only does this upend assumptions about Jewish solidarity and internationalism, but it also points to how missionizing was deployed by minoritized communities in the nineteenth century.
REM disruption and REM vagal activity predict extinction recall in trauma-exposed individuals
Authors: Yuksel Cagri , Watford Lauren , Muranaka Monami , Daffre Carolina , McCoy Emma , Lax Hannah , Mendelsohn Augustus Kram , Oliver Katelyn I. , Acosta Alexis , Vidrin Abegail , Martinez Uriel , Lasko Natasha , Orr Scott , Pace-Schott Edward F.
Published: December 2024

Background

Accumulating evidence suggests that rapid eye movement sleep (REM) supports the consolidation of extinction memory. REM is disrupted in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and REM abnormalities after traumatic events increase the risk of developing PTSD. Therefore, it was hypothesized that abnormal REM in trauma-exposed individuals may pave the way for PTSD by interfering with the processing of extinction memory. In addition, PTSD patients display reduced vagal activity. Vagal activity contributes to the strengthening of memories, including fear extinction memory, and recent studies show that the role of vagus in memory processing extends to memory consolidation during sleep. Therefore, it is plausible that reduced vagal activity during sleep in trauma-exposed individuals may be an additional mechanism that impairs extinction memory consolidation. However, to date, the contribution of sleep vagal activity to the consolidation of extinction memory or any emotional memory has not been investigated.

Methods

Trauma-exposed individuals (n = 113) underwent a 2-day fear conditioning and extinction protocol. Conditioning and extinction learning phases were followed by extinction recall 24 h later. The association of extinction recall with REM characteristics and REM vagal activity (indexed as heart rate variability) during the intervening consolidation night was examined.

Results

Consistent with our hypotheses, REM disruption was associated with poorer physiological and explicit extinction memory. Furthermore, higher vagal activity during REM was associated with better explicit extinction memory, and physiological extinction memory in males.

Conclusions

These findings support the notion that abnormal REM, including reduced REM vagal activity, may contribute to PTSD by impairing the consolidation of extinction memory.
A dialectical behavior therapy skills training smartphone app for recurrent binge eating: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Linardon Jake , Anderson Cleo , McClure Zoe , Liu Claudia , Messer Mariel , Jarman Hannah K. , Fuller-Tyszkiewicz Matthew
Published: December 2024

Background

Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is a specialized treatment that has a growing evidence base for binge-spectrum eating disorders. However, cost and workforce capacity limit wide-scale uptake of DBT since it involves over 20 in-person sessions with a trained professional (and six sessions for guided self-help format). Interventions translated for delivery through modern technology offer a solution to increase the accessibility of evidence-based treatments. We developed the first DBT-specific skills training smartphone application (Resilience: eDBT) for binge-spectrum eating disorders and evaluated its efficacy in a randomized clinical trial.

Method

Participants reporting recurrent binge eating were randomized to Resilience (n = 287) or a waitlist (n = 289). Primary outcomes were objective binge eating episodes and global levels of eating disorder psychopathology. Secondary outcomes were behavioral and cognitive symptoms, psychological distress, and the hypothesized processes of change (mindfulness, emotion regulation, and distress tolerance).

Results

Intention-to-treat analyses showed that the intervention group reported greater reductions in objective binge eating episodes (incidence rate ratio = 0.69) and eating disorder psychopathology (d = −0.68) than the waitlist at 6 weeks. Significant group differences favoring the intervention group were also observed on secondary outcomes, except for subjective binge eating, psychological distress, and distress tolerance. Primary symptoms showed further improvements from 6 to 12 weeks. However, dropout rate was high (48%) among the intervention group, and engagement decreased over the study period.

Conclusion

A novel, low-intensity DBT skills training app can effectively reduce symptoms of eating disorders. Scalable apps like these may increase the accessibility of evidence-based treatments.
Cannabis use in youth is associated with chronic inflammation
Authors: Power Emmet , Mongan David , Healy Colm , Susai Subash Raj , Föcking Melanie , Zammit Stanley , Cannon Mary , Cotter David
Published: December 2024

Background

Markers of inflammation and cannabis exposure are associated with an increased risk of mental disorders. In the current study, we investigated associations between cannabis use and biomarkers of inflammation.

Methods

Utilizing a sample of 914 participants from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, we investigated whether interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), C-reactive protein (CRP), and soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) measured at age 24 were associated with past year daily cannabis use, less frequent cannabis use, and no past year cannabis use. We adjusted for a number of covariates including sociodemographic measures, body mass index, childhood trauma, and tobacco smoking. We found evidence of a strong association between daily or near daily cannabis use and suPAR.

Results

We did not find any associations between less frequent cannabis use and suPAR. We did not find evidence of an association between IL-6, TNFα or CRP, and cannabis use.

Conclusions

Our finding that frequent cannabis use is strongly associated with suPAR, a biomarker of systemic chronic inflammation implicated in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative processes is novel. These findings may provide valuable insights into biological mechanisms by which cannabis affects the brain and impacts the risk of serious mental disorders.
Sticking Hearts on People’s Foreheads
Authors: Rotman Diego
Published: December 2024

Since August 2020, during the Covid-19 pandemic, a time of bans against public gatherings and protests against Prime Minister Netanyahu, a hybrid clown-policewoman has attended political and social demonstrations in Jewish West and Palestinian East Jerusalem. Officer Az-Oolay places heart-shaped stickers on people’s foreheads as a radical political act and deconstruction of the coercive force of the Israeli police.
Reactivating Medea in Hanane Hajj Ali’s Jogging
Authors: Johnson Marina
Published: December 2024

Jogging: Theatre in Progress tells the story of four women, including Euripides’s Medea, who must grapple with what it means to be a woman and how to navigate the roles they take on, both consciously and unconsciously. Lebanese actress, playwright, and director Hanane Hajj Ali’s dark yet comedic one-woman show challenges stereotypes and preconceived notions that affect women in the Middle East and beyond.
Ventriloquism’s Faulty Mechanics
Authors: Fenley Marissa
Published: December 2024

Ventriloquism is marked by an antagonistic intimacy between the ventriloquist and dummy, an antagonism that is rooted in the mechanics of the form. British ventriloquist Nina Conti brings the inherent violence of the ventriloquial conceit to bear on scenes we typically do not think of as contests for naturalized animacy: therapy and pregnancy.
The Hope Principle Show
Authors:   Bread & Puppet Theater, Krugman Joshua
Published: December 2024

By mid-March 2024, when Bread & Puppet Theater began rehearsals for a new touring show, the State of Israel had killed more than 31,000 people in Gaza over the preceding five months, with the full military and diplomatic support of the United States. The Hope Principle Show: Citizens’ Shame and Hope in the Time of Genocide toured in the US during the month of April 2024, with the aim of contributing to the ongoing revolt against the US’ complicity in Israel’s war on Gaza.
Looking at Locality from a Performative Perspective
Authors: Ryba Filip
Published: December 2024

This critical reflection on the category of locality, which is associated with the performative practice of scaling, is based in the embodied experience of activism on the Polish-Belarusian border. Using the latest texts in the field of object-oriented ontology, locality is presented as a significant challenge to the (inter-/trans-/post-)disciplinary approach and confronted with new materialistic approaches to universality.
Efficacy of Compassion-Based Interventions in Breast Cancer Patients and Survivors: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: López-Contreras Juan Pedro , Sebri Valeria , Sarrión-Castelló Pedro , Martínez-Sanchís Sonia , Cebolla I Martí Ausiàs Josep
Published: December 2024

Breast cancer patients and survivors deal with physical and psychological challenges due to oncological treatments. The existing literature highlights the importance of compassion in reducing the main cancer-related effects in terms of emotions, quality of life, and dysfunctional coping skills. Over the past few years, compassion-based interventions (CBIs) have been considered an interesting approach to reduce anxiety and depression symptoms and improve quality of life and well-being. However, there have not been many studies that show the benefits of these interventions in breast cancer patients and survivors. The primary objective of this systematic review is to provide evidence of the impact of CBIs on specific variables identified in the literature as affected by this pathology. The variables that will be studied are (a) emotional issues (e.g., anxiety, stress, and depression symptoms); (b) quality of life; and (c) positive coping skills. A systematic search during the previous 10 years up to November 2023 was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines across multiple databases, such as PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Scopus. Nine eligible randomized controlled trials were included in this article, with a total of 813 breast cancer patients and survivors. Findings show that CBIs increased compassion, mindful observation, and acting with awareness skills, leading to a significant reduction of anxiety and stress levels, depression, and negative affect. Additionally, less body image distress and greater body appreciation were reported as a consequence of the interventions. This review shows the CBI’s efficacy on emotions, positive coping skills, and quality of life in breast cancer patients and survivors. Guidelines for future studies are listed to promote CBIs as a clinically useful intervention for breast cancer patients and survivors.
Review of systems thinking in rural WASH programming and research
Authors: Neely Kate , Valcourt Nicholas
Published: December 2024

Almost half of the global population lives with inadequate or unsafe water, sanitation or hygiene (WASH) services. The consequences of this situation include negative impacts on individual and public health, the environment and economic production. The WASH sector is linked with other international development sectors and is embedded within complex social, environmental and governance structures. This complexity led us to reflect on how WASH sector practitioners and researchers are applying systems thinking tools and techniques to progress an agenda of sustainable and universal WASH services. From this perspective, we then discuss the near- and long-term future needs of the sector in coming to a comprehensive understanding and application of systems thinking to progress the ultimate aim of universal access to safely managed, accessible and abundant water, sanitation and hygiene services.
Shifts in Climatic Limitations on Global Vegetation Productivity Unveiled by Shapley Additive Explanation: Reduced Temperature but Increased Water Limitations
Authors: Xie Jiangliu , Yin Gaofei , Xie Qiaoyun , Wu Chaoyang , Yuan Wenping , Zeng Yelu , Verger Aleixandre , Descals Adrià , Filella Iolanda , Peñuelas Josep
Published: December 2024

Global fluctuations in vegetation productivity are intricately tied to climatic variability, but how climate change will alter climatic limitations on productivity is unclear. Here, we used shapley additive explanation (SHAP), a novel technique based on game theory, for identifing the contributions of climatic factors to vegetation productivity. We also delineated climatic limitations on productivity and traced their temporal evolution during 1982–2018 using the SHAP values. The results identified that, in temperate, boreal, and polar zones, temperature primarily limited productivity during the early growing season, and temperature and radiation jointly limited productivity during the peack and late growing season. In contrast, water and radiation predominantly limited productivity mainly in arid and equatorial zones, respectively. We also observed an alleviated temperature but an intensified water limitations on productivity across different months. The alleviated temperature limitation was particularly notable in June for the northern hemisphere (July for the southern hemisphere), with the temperature‐constrained area decreasing significantly at a rate of 2.2‰/y (1.2‰/y). In contrast, the exacerbation of water limitation was most pronounced in June (September), with the water‐constrained area expanding significantly at a rate of 2.8‰/y (3.3‰/y). Our findings underscore the imperative for a more explicit incorporation of the impact of water limitation in understanding regional and global carbon dynamics under a warming climate.
Investigation and management of resistant hypertension: British and Irish Hypertension Society position statement
Authors: Faconti Luca , George Jacob , Partridge Sarah , Maniero Carmen , Sathyanarayanan Abilash , Kulkarni Spoorthy , Kapil Vikas , Petrosino Alfredo , Lewis Philip , McCormack Terry , Poulter Neil R. , Heagerty Anthony , Wilkinson Ian B.
Published: December 2024

People living with resistant hypertension (RH) are at high risk of adverse cardiovascular events. The British and Irish Hypertension Society has identified suspected RH as a condition for which specialist guidance may improve rates of blood pressure control and help clinicians identify those individuals who may benefit from specialist review. In this position statement we provide a practical approach for the investigation and management of adults with RH. We highlight gaps in the current evidence and identify important future research questions. Our aim is to support the delivery of high-quality and consistent care to people living with RH across the UK and Ireland.
Relationship between the heterogeneity in particle dynamics and network topology in transient networks via a microrheological study
Authors: Nakamura Koshiro , Michida Shota , Naito Mitsuru , Chung Ung-il , Katashima Takuya
Published: December 2024

Soft materials encompass various hierarchical structures that determine their mechanical properties. However, the relationships between these hierarchical structures and mechanical properties remain unclear owing to a lack of studies on local information and the difficulty in controlling hierarchical structures. Herein, we demonstrate a multiple particle tracking method, which is a representative microrheological measurement method, within transient networks with a precisely controlled network topology. This is the most basic parameter of hierarchical structures. Our results reveal that the heterogeneity in particle dynamics is enhanced and reaches a maximum at the percolation threshold, which is a universal phenomenon in sol–gel transitions. Notably, this study is the first to report that the heterogeneity in particle dynamics within transient networks established via reversible bonds exhibits characteristics similar to those of percolation phenomena in hydrogels. These insights provide a basis for examining the relationships between the mechanical properties and hierarchical structures of soft materials.
Phenotypic subtypes of Xia-Gibbs syndrome: a latent class analysis
Authors: Jiang Nan , Zhang Liyuan , Zheng Zeyan , Du Hanze , Chen Shi , Pan Hui
Published: December 2024

Xia-Gibbs syndrome (XGS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder with considerable clinical heterogeneity. To further characterize the syndrome’s heterogeneity, we applied latent class analysis (LCA) on reported cases to identify phenotypic subtypes. By searching PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang databases from inception to February 2024, we enrolled 97 cases with nonsense, frameshift or missense variants in the AHDC1 gene. LCA was based on the following 6 phenotypes with moderate occurrence and low missingness: ataxia, seizure, autism, sleep apnea, short stature and scoliosis. After excluding cases with missing data on all LCA variables or with unmatched phenotype-genotype information, a total of 85 cases were selected for LCA. Models with 1–5 classes were compared based on Akaike Information Criterion, Bayesian Information Criterion, Sample-Size Adjusted BIC and entropy. We used multinomial logistic regression (MLR) analyses to investigate the phenotype-genotype association and potential predictors for class membership. LCA revealed 3 distinct classes labeled as Ataxia subtype (n = 11 [12.9%]), Sleep apnea & short stature subtype (n = 23 [27.1%]) and Neuropsychological subtype (n = 51 [60.0%]). The commonest Neuropsychological subtype was characterized by high estimated probabilities of seizure, ataxia and autism. By adjusting for sex, age and variant type, MLR showed no significant association between phenotypic subtype and variant position. Age and variant type were identified as predictors of class membership. The findings of this review offer novel insights for different presentations of XGS. It is possible to deliver targeted monitoring and treatment for each subtype in the early stage.
Intracisternal vs intraventricular injection of AAV1 result in comparable, widespread transduction of the dog brain
Authors: Hunter Jacqueline E. , Vite Charles H. , Molony Caitlyn M. , O’Donnell Patricia A. , Wolfe John H.
Published: December 2024

Widespread distribution of transduced brain cells following delivery of AAV vectors into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the cisterna magna (CM) has been demonstrated in large animal brains. In humans, intraventricular injection is preferred to intracisternal injection for CSF delivery due to the risk of brain stem injury. One study in the dog reported adverse reactions to AAV vectors expressing GFP injected into the lateral ventricle but not when injected into the CM. In contrast, AAV expressing mammalian genes in diseased animals have not triggered adverse responses since many genetic diseases also have compromised immune systems. Differences in circulation of CSF from each site could potentially affect vector spread within the brain, but a direct comparison has not been made using both a mammalian gene and immunologically normal animals. In this study we evaluated the dopamine-2-receptor (D2R) variant D2R80A, which is inactivated for intracellular signaling and has been used as a reporter gene in large animal brains. No adverse reactions to the D2R80A gene were observed from either injection route in normal dogs and both routes resulted in comparable distribution of D2R80A within the brain.
Low background electrochemical sensor based on HCR towards acute myocardial infarction-specific miRNA detection
Authors: Liu Yan , Liu Ziqi , Yan Tingxiu , Feng Luyao , He Na , Tao Lu , Xu Li-Ping , Zhang Xueji
Published: December 2024

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) accounts for a significant proportion of global fatalities, and early detection is crucial for improving patient outcomes.
Development of essential oil diffusion matrices using non-ionic surfactants-supported NADES and hydrophobic NADES
Authors: Scandar Samir , Mustafa Natali Rianika , Zadra Claudia , Marcotullio Maria Carla , Choi Young Hae
Published: December 2024

Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) as green solvents for essential oils (EOs): Hydrophobic NADES enhance solubility, while hydrophilic NADES offer dynamic VOCs release, paving the way for eco-friendly and efficient fragrance delivery systems.
Site-specific π-clamp-mediated radiosynthesis of 68Ga and 18F PET radiopharmaceuticals
Authors: Yue Thomas T. C. , Teh Jin Hui , Aboagye Eric , Ma Michelle T. , Pham Truc T. , Long Nicholas J.
Published: December 2024

The π-clamp-mediated conjugation method, which enables site-specific modification of cysteine residues, is a promising strategy for developing well-defined radiolabelled biomolecules for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging.
A fluorinated chiral liquid with thermal robustness for inducing circularly polarized luminescence
Authors: Xiao Zibing , Wang Runjia , Zhang Li , Liu Minghua
Published: December 2024

A chiral liquid based on a fluorinated glutamate demonstrates the ability to convey chirality to achiral components, exhibiting thermal stability for the induced chirality.
Pyridine-oriented transannular C–H functionalization of arenes
Authors: Hou Yanchun , Liu Jianwei , Tian Yi , Wang Guangshen , Zhang Xingcan , Han Jingpeng , Li Baosheng
Published: December 2024

We developed a pyridine-oriented transannular Friedel–Crafts alkylation of arenes with a neighboring alkene to construct synthetically promising multicycle skeletons with a seven- or eight-membered core.
Water sorption performance of the zeolitic metal azolate framework MAF-7
Authors: Wang Shi-Qiang , Darwish Shaza , Gao Mei-Yan , Luo Yifei , Zhu Jun , Zhang Xiaofei , Xu Zhengtao
Published: December 2024

Water sorption isotherms of [Zn(tmz)2]n (MAF-7) were measured across a broad temperature range to evaluate its water sorption performance based on water uptake, sorption kinetics, recyclability, and regeneration temperature.
Solubility, crystallization process optimization, and thermal properties of afoxolaner and the single-crystal structure of its hydrate
Authors: Fang Zong-Bin , Xiao Yue-Feng , Sun Chong , Chen Xinyao , Zhou Lingyu , Chen Li , Lu Qiaomei , Xiao Wang-Dong , Wu Shu-Ting
Published: December 2024

As an emerging isoxazoline insecticide, afoxolaner has a good effect in the prevention and treatment of canine parasite infections. In this work, the solubility and crystallization process were studied, as well as a crystal structure of its hydrate.
First-principles investigation of high capacity, rechargeable CFx cathode batteries based on graphdiyne and “holey” graphene carbon allotropes
Authors: Campbell Quinn T. , Paudel Nirajan , Acharya Krishna , Wygant Bryan R. , Vasiliev Igor , Lambert T. N.
Published: December 2024

Batteries composed of CFx cathodes which have large holes within the structure, such as graphdiyne, may enable high theoretical capacity (>860 mA h g−1) and recharge capability which previous allotropes have not achieved.
Investigation of the mechanical properties of an aluminum (Al 6061-T6)/graphene/bentonite hybrid nanocomposite experimentally and through finite element analysis study
Authors: Bawa’neh Hasan , Lababneh Bashar , Malkawi Ahmad M. , Bozeya Ayat
Published: December 2024

New hybrid nanocomposite materials with improved mechanical and antimicrobial properties for high-touch applications, such as in automotive industry, aerospace industry, and structural materials are prepared.
Correction: Arylselanyl motifs in hierarchically structured mesoporous phenolic polymers: efficient adsorption sites for Hg2+ ions
Authors: Selladurai Vishnu , Karuthapandi Selvakumar
Published: December 2024

Correction for ‘Arylselanyl motifs in hierarchically structured mesoporous phenolic polymers: efficient adsorption sites for Hg2+ ions’ by Vishnu Selladurai et al., Mater. Adv., 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ma00899e.
N and O dual-doped porous carbon transformed from graphitic carbon nitride as a peroxymonosulfate activator for tetracycline hydrochloride degradation
Authors: Xiong Kang , Liu Zhoutong , Ren Lihan , Li De , Dong Kangning , Yang Letian , Zhang Xiuxia
Published: December 2024

N and O dual-doped porous carbon (ONPC) is obtained using a simple one-step pyrolysis method for TC degradation. Graphitic N, pyridinic N and CO can synergistically catalyze PMS for the generation of O2˙− and 1O2.
Copper formate supported on sepiolite as a reusable catalyst for the hydrosilylation of olefins
Authors: Ouyang Ting , Wang Xinyu , Lan Huilin , Liu Luoqi , Bai Ying , Li Jiayun , Peng Jiajian
Published: December 2024

Sepiolite, an abundant and environmentally friendly natural mineral, has been widely used as a catalyst support.
Synthesis and structure of binuclear arene Ru(ii) N^O chelating complexes: synthesis of pyrimidinones via acceptorless dehydrogenative annulation using alcohols
Authors: Monika Sankar , Ramesh Rengan , Malecki Jan Grzegorz
Published: December 2024

Binuclear arene Ru(ii) hydrazine complexes catalysed eco-friendly, selective and sustainable synthesis of bioactive pyrimidinones via acceptorless dehydrogenative annulation of alcohols.
Borophene growth via chemical vapor deposition for supercapacitor applications
Authors: Bay Mehmet , Dirisağlık Faruk , Çınal Sezen , Rouhi Sina , Lisheshar Ibrahim Wonge , Ay Suzan Biran , Perkgöz Nihan Kosku , Ay Feridun
Published: December 2024

This research investigates the controlled growth of borophene, a two-dimensional (2D) material composed of boron atoms arranged in atomically thin layers, using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and explores its potential in supercapacitors.
Computational exploration of M-sites with chemical order and disorder in M′2M′′B2 and M′4M′′B3 compounds
Authors: Carlsson Adam , Ronchi Rodrigo Mantovani , Rosen Johanna , Dahlqvist Martin
Published: December 2024

High-throughput computational screening identifies novel stable ternary boron-based materials using detailed stability and bonding analyses.
Versatile role of oleylamine in the controlled synthesis of copper nanoparticles with diverse morphologies
Authors: Hadaoui Sonia , Tran Giang , Naitabdi Ahmed , Courty Alexa
Published: December 2024

The versatile role of oleylamine (OLA) in stabilizing copper nanoparticles through its alkene or amine functional groups, depending on the crystalline facets, is highlighted by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Enhancing the optoelectronic properties of SnS via mixed-phase heterostructure engineering
Authors: Talukdar Dhanjit , Mohanta Dambarudhar , Ahmed Gazi A.
Published: December 2024

Intrinsic intralayer electric field induced exciton dynamics in mixed phase SnS/h-BN heterostructure.
Biological and computational assessments of thiazole derivative-reinforced bile salt enriched nano carriers: a new gate in targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein
Authors: Zakaria Mohamed Y. , Elmaaty Ayman Abo , El-Shesheny Rabeh , Alnajjar Radwan , Kutkat Omnia , Ben Moussa Sana , Abdullah Alzahrani Abdullah Yahya , El-Zahaby Sally A. , Al-Karmalawy Ahmed A.
Published: December 2024

Thiazole derivative-reinforced bile salt enriched nano carriers: a new frontier in targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.
Multiple cation insertion into a polyaromatic hydrocarbon guided by data and computation
Authors: Dutta Moinak , Canaj Angelos B. , Knaflič Tilen , Collins Christopher M. , Manning Troy D. , Niu Hongjun , Daniels Luke M. , Vriza Aikaterini , Johnson Luke A. , Mali Bhupendra P. , Tanuma Yuri , Surta T. Wesley , Claridge John B. , Berry Neil G. , Arčon Denis , Dyer Matthew S. , Rosseinsky Matthew J.
Published: December 2024

K3coronene is computationally predicted and synthesised. Crystal structure solution reveals a highly disordered structure with evidence of local spin-singlet formation from magnetic property and EPR measurements.
Conjugated core–shell bottlebrush polymers that exhibit crystallization-driven self-assembly
Authors: Lotocki Victor , Battaglia Alicia M. , Moon Nahye , Titi Hatem M. , Seferos Dwight S.
Published: December 2024

Conjugated core–shell bottlebrush polymers are synthesized by ROMP. P3HT as a crystallizable block and PEG as a colloidally stabilizing block lead to self-assembly into several unique crystalline nanostructures with long conjugation lengths.
Photocatalytic regioselective C–H bond functionalizations in arenes
Authors: Hu Jun , Pradhan Suman , Waiba Satyadeep , Das Shoubhik
Published: December 2024

The direct functionalization of C–H bonds has revolutionized the field of synthetic organic chemistry by enabling efficient and atom-economical modification of arenes by avoiding prefunctionalization.
Research progress in Cu–ZrO2 catalysts: a systematic review of their preparation, doping, and applications
Authors: Huang Yonglong , Duan Zhengkang
Published: December 2024

This review provides a systematic and comprehensive discussion of the preparation of copper–zirconium catalysts, doping methods, and catalysis in various reactions.
Enhancing transformer windings monitoring: An approach using longitudinal branch‐circuit conductance analysis
Authors: Kong Xiangping , Bin Zijun , Li Jiansheng , Liu Shiming , Zhao Wenchen , Wu Mengfei
Published: December 2024

The operating environment of transformers is getting more complex with the emergence of new energy sources and power electronic devices. This complexity can cause minor internal faults in transformer windings. Under the cumulative effect, minor faults gradually develop into serious faults, resulting in transformer damage. Conventional differential protection systems may have difficulty detecting these glitches and require avoiding the problem of protection false activation caused by inrush currents. This paper proposes a new online monitoring method for transformer windings based on longitudinal branch‐circuit conductance to address this issue. First, a unified transformer equivalent circuit is proposed to represent transformers under normal conditions, inrush currents, and internal faults. Then, an online transformer monitoring method based on branch conductance is proposed, which is immune to inrush currents. This method aims to prevent delayed detection of faults during inrush currents, improving sensitivity and response speed, especially for minor turn‐to‐turn faults hidden in inrush currents. The proposed method also provides higher sensitivity to minor turn‐to‐turn faults and larger protection margins. Simulation and experimental results validate the effectiveness of this method.
Noncircular coherent signal direction of arrival estimation for coprime array: A subspace‐based interpolation approach
Authors: Shen Zihan , Hu Hao , Li Jiaqi , Zhang Xiaofei
Published: December 2024

To address the array aperture loss caused by mainstream direction of arrival (DOA) estimation algorithms for coherent signals using matrix interpolation techniques, a non‐circular (NC) coherent signal direction‐finding method that fully utilises covariance matrix information is proposed. The received data is firstly extended by leveraging its NC properties. Then, eigenvalue decomposition is performed on the covariance matrix to extract the signal subspace, which is mapped to a uniform linear array signal subspace via a mapping matrix. The first row of the covariance matrix corresponding to the signal subspace is employed to construct a Toeplitz matrix, and nuclear norm minimisation method is applied to recover the missing information. Finally, to avoid extra NC phase searching, the reduced‐dimension method is applied to obtain the estimation results. Performance analysis and simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves improvements in computational complexity, source estimation capability, and estimation accuracy.
Predicting HCN, HCO+, multitransition CO, and dust emission of star-forming galaxies
Authors: Vollmer B. , Freundlich J. , Gratier P. , Lizée Th. , Lendrin M. , Braine J. , Soida M.
Published: December 2024

The specific star formation rate of star-forming main sequence galaxies significantly decreased since z ∼ 1.5 because the molecular gas fraction and star formation efficiency decreased. The gas velocity dispersion decreased within the same redshift range and is apparently correlated with the star formation efficiency (inverse of the molecular gas depletion time). However, the radio–infrared (IR) correlation has not changed significantly since z ∼ 1.5. The theory of turbulent clumpy star-forming gas disks together with the scaling relations of the interstellar medium describes the large- and small-scale properties of galactic gas disks. We extend our previous work on the IR multitransition molecular line, and radio continuum emission of local and high-z star-forming and starburst galaxies to local and z ∼ 0.5 luminous IR galaxies. The model reproduces the IR luminosities, CO, HCN, and HCO+ line luminosities, and the CO spectral line energy distributions of these galaxies. We derived CO(1–0) and HCN(1–0) conversion factors for all galaxy samples. The relation between the star formation rate per unit area and the H2 surface density cannot be fit simply for all redshifts. The star formation efficiency, the product of the gas turbulent velocity dispersion, and the angular velocity of the galaxies are tightly correlated. Galaxies with lower stellar masses can in principle compensate their gas consumption via star formation by radial viscous gas accretion. The limiting stellar mass increases with redshift. The radio continuum emission is directly proportional to the density of cosmic-ray (CR) electrons, but the molecular line emission depends on the CR ionization rate via the gas chemistry. The normalization of the CR ionization rate we found for the different galaxy samples is higher by about a factor of three to five than the normalization for the solar neighborhood. This means that the mean yield of low-energy CR particles for a given star formation rate per unit area is higher by about three to ten times in external galaxies than was observed by Voyager I.