bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unnecessary ultrasonography as supplier‐induced demand in diagnosis of primary breast cancer in Iran: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Akbari Mohammad , Arani Abbas Assari , Akbari Mohammad Esmaeil , Sahabi Bahram , Olyaeemanesh Alireza , Noorian Sajad
Published: November 2021

Background

Supplier‐induced demand (SID) refers to the concept that healthcare providers may deliver services that are not medically necessary to patients. An estimation of the extent to which this event has occurred can be insightful for policymaking and guiding health and insurance systems. This study aimed to investigate the extent of SID when performing a diagnostic ultrasonography for primary breast cancer patients and its relationship with socioeconomic factors in Iran.

Methods

Data were obtained using questionnaires from 334 patients referred to the Cancer Research Center. To identify the patients who were candidates for undergoing a necessary diagnostic US, we employed the international clinical guidelines with confirmation of our expert panelists. With their assistance, a comprehensive index was created to screen those ‘most probably affected by SID’.

Results

55.9% had undergone an unnecessary diagnostic ultrasonography, and thus were most probably affected by SID. A significant association between socioeconomic factors (education, occupation, and supplemental health insurance) and SID was confirmed (p value ≤ 0.001, 0.002, and 0.039, respectively).

Conclusion

This study supports the SID hypothesis and the unnecessary demand for diagnostic ultrasonography in primary breast cancer. Also, our evidence indicates imposing excessive costs that can positively influence the policymakers' decision‐making in the healthcare systems.
The need to restore generative identity in women undergoing assisted reproductive technology: Development and psychometric validation of the fertility reparation inventory
Authors: Caputo Andrea , Langher Viviana , Capri Oriana , Muzii Ludovico , Fedele Fabiola
Published: November 2021

Objective

This study described the development and psychometric evaluation of the fertility reparation inventory, providing measures of manic and expiatory reparation as symbolic dynamics of restoring one's procreative and generative identity through Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART).

Methods

Two cross‐sectional studies were conducted on female patients undergoing ART (N = 150) and women from the general population (N = 250), respectively. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis assessed construct validity and reliability. Pearson's bivariate correlations were used to provide convergent evidence of validity with omnipotence, perceived infertility‐related stress, anxiety, depression, need for reparation, fear of punishment, and hope.

Results

The results confirmed a two‐factor solution of the 12‐item instrument, with adequate fit, a very good internal consistency, and well‐supported forms of convergent validity.

Conclusion

This study provides a meaningful psychodynamic contribution, in both theoretical and empirical terms, for the understanding of emotional dynamics and psychological issues underlying the demand for ART.
Do in‐kind donations promote cooperation among non‐governmental organisations? Lessons from the Greek refugee crisis
Authors: Boura Smaro , Vathis Orestis , Huliaras Asteris , Tzifakis Nikolaos
Published: November 2021

Since 2015, Greece has experienced an unprecedented influx of asylum seekers. For several months, most humanitarian assistance provided to them by non‐governmental organisations (NGOs) heavily relied on in‐kind donations. Donations of tangible items frequently pose serious management challenges and may disturb relief distribution. Through empirical research based on a questionnaire survey and interviews, we find that NGOs have increasingly cooperated and coped well with these management issues. Despite the lack of formal coordination mechanisms, it seems that donation of goods acted as an incentive for cooperation. In contrast, in‐kind donations of services (volunteerism) did not seem to have the same effect.
Controversies on the relationship between increased body mass index and treatment‐resistant chronic constipation in children
Authors: Misra Sudipta , Liaw Andrew
Published: November 2021

Background

There are conflicting reports on the association between children with increased body mass index (BMI), and constipation. This retrospective chart review of two groups of children from a primary care clinic was designed to address the controversy.

Methods

Group‐1: Charts of all children seen in a year for general pediatric care were reviewed for incidences of increased BMI (>85th percentile) and constipation as well as overweight recognition in the final diagnosis; Group‐2: Children diagnosed with constipation at the same primary care setting for 5 years were identified by ICD‐9 code. These charts were reviewed for prevalence of increased BMI and incidences of referral to subspecialty clinic.

Results

Group‐1: Three hundred nineteen (33.4%) of the 955 children had increased BMI and 28 (2.93%) had constipation. The prevalence of constipation was not increased among children with increased BMI. Group‐2: 24 of the 66 children with constipation were referred to the pediatric gastroenterology clinic. children with increased BMI were three times more likely to be referred (n = 20, p = 0.04). The two groups had a similar prevalence of children with increased BMI (Group 1 = 33.4%; Group 2 = 30.3%).

Conclusion

In the general pediatric population, children with an increased BMI were not at an increased risk of developing constipation. However, children with increased BMI and constipation were three times more likely to be referred, presumably for treatment failure, to the pediatric gastroenterology clinic .Hence children with increased BMI were more likely to develop treatment resistant constipation.
Core‐Shell Nanofibers of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Polylactic Acid Containing TiO2 Nanotubes for Natural Sunlight Driven Photocatalysis
Authors: Ponnamma Deepalekshmi , Elgawady Yara , Nair Sabari S. , Hassan Mohammad K. , Al‐Maadeed Mariam Al Ali
Published: November 2021

Highly stable and efficient coaxial electrospun fibers of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polylactic acid (PLA) nanocomposite filled with titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes areaccomplished for natural sunlight‐driven photocatalytic dye degradation. The coaxial electrospinning process generates well‐defined concentric cylinder‐like morphology, with the polymeric core and sheath phases, with TiO2 present only in the outer phases. The nanofibers are characterized for their coaxial morphology and the distribution of TiO2 in the sample is monitored through EDAX studies. Coaxial electrospinning process influences the polymeric structural and functional performances, regulates the crystallization kinetics, and ensures the entanglement of TiO2 nanopowders without allowing them to leach out. Photodecomposition of Rhodamine B and methylene blue dye are observed by the UV–visible studies and ≈80% and ≈85% degradation is achieved respectively after 8 h. A higher efficiency of degradation is achieved for the TiO2 nanocomposites, due to the photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 semiconductors, and also because of its presence in the sheath phase. The efficiency of dye degradation is correlated with the mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of the fibers and with the typical fiber morphology and spinning mechanism. While the dye molecules get trapped in the porous sites of composite fibers, the TiO2 radicals initiates the photocatalysis process. The current technology is promising in manipulating flexible, durable, and environmentally friendly polymer nanocomposite fibers for industrial wastewater purification.
Low Fouling Polysulfobetaines with Variable Hydrophobic Content
Authors: Schardt Lisa , Martínez Guajardo Alejandro , Koc Julian , Clarke Jessica L. , Finlay John A. , Clare Anthony S. , Gardner Harrison , Swain Geoffrey W. , Hunsucker Kelli , Laschewsky André , Rosenhahn Axel
Published: November 2021

Amphiphilic polymer coatings combining hydrophilic elements, in particular zwitterionic groups, and hydrophobic elements comprise a promising strategy to decrease biofouling. However, the influence of the content of the hydrophobic component in zwitterionic coatings on the interfacial molecular reorganization dynamics and the anti‐fouling performance is not well understood. Therefore, coatings of amphiphilic copolymers of sulfobetaine methacrylate 3‐[N‐2'‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl‐N,N‐dimethyl]‐ammonio propane‐1‐sulfonate (SPE) are prepared which contain increasing amounts of hydrophobic n‐butyl methacrylate (BMA). Their fouling resistance is compared to that of their homopolymers PSPE and PBMA. The photo‐crosslinked coatings form hydrogel films with a hydrophilic surface. Fouling by the proteins fibrinogen and lysozyme as well as by the diatom Navicula perminuta and the green algae Ulva linza is assessed in laboratory assays. While biofouling is strongly reduced by all zwitterionic coatings, the best fouling resistance is obtained for the amphiphilic copolymers. Also in preliminary field tests, the anti‐fouling performance of the amphiphilic copolymer films is superior to that of both homopolymers. When the coatings are exposed to a marine environment, the reduced susceptibility to silt incorporation, in particular compared to the most hydrophilic polyzwitterion PSPE, likely contributes to the improved fouling resistance.
Low regularity for the Kawahara equation on the half‐line
Authors: Liu Fengxia , Guo Boling
Published: November 2021

We study the low‐regularity properties of the Kawahara equation on the half line. We obtain the local existence, uniqueness, and continuity of the solution. Moreover, we obtain that the nonlinear terms of the solution are smoother than the initial data.
Data Analysis Isolates Water Main Breaks
Authors: Smither Ben , Lueders Matthew A.
Published: November 2021

To address pipe break problems within its distribution system, Missouri American Water (MOAW) worked with a monitoring and analysis company to find the causes and solutions, ultimately giving the utility valuable insights.
Discovering the Real Condition of Pipes
Authors: Uthe Mike
Published: November 2021

Acoustic velocity testing with condition assessment technology improves pipe wall thickness analysis and saves on unnecessary pipe replacement.
Improved Process Monitoring Isolates Root Cause of Turbidity Events
Authors: Malkov Vadim B. , Scurlock Travis
Published: November 2021

A Colorado drinking water facility equipped with ceramic membranes for microfiltration was experiencing daily occurrences of turbidity events, often resulting in shutdowns. A new turbidity measurement system was used to improve operations and water quality.
How We Did It Ourselves: A Case Study on Water Quality Improvement
Authors: Ham Scott , Allen Lucy , Tackman Thom
Published: November 2021

A water utility team improved the water quality in the utility's storage tanks by employing a “we can do it together” attitude.
PBIS fidelity, school climate, and student discipline: A longitudinal study of secondary schools
Authors: Elrod Brandy G. , Rice Kenneth G. , Meyers Joel
Published: November 2021

Creating safe and supportive environments where students engage in prosocial behaviors is a priority and Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS) are used to achieve these goals. This study investigated relationships between PBIS fidelity, school climate, and office discipline referrals (ODRs). Participants were 204,701 students in 288 middle and high schools. Results indicated that additional years of PBIS implementation were related to greater fidelity, stronger school climate, and fewer ODRs. Findings also showed that students' perceptions of school climate in earlier years predicted fidelity and ODRs in later years. Further, ODRs reported during earlier years of PBIS implementation predicted fidelity and school climate in later years. Implications for research and practice are discussed, including considerations for how the whole‐school environment can affect PBIS implementation. Future research should investigate school level (i.e., elementary, middle, and high school) and school diversity as moderators of the relationship between PBIS fidelity, school climate, and behavioral outcomes. Researchers and policymakers should use multidimensional school climate scales rather than relying only on unidimensional measures. Finally, since school climate influenced fidelity, schools that create safe/supportive environments can maximize the effective implementation of complex strategies like PBIS.
Prostate cancer research in the 21st century; report from the 2021 Coffey‐Holden prostate cancer academy meeting
Authors: Miyahira Andrea K. , Zarif Jelani C. , Coombs Catherine C. , Flavell Robert R. , Russo Joshua W. , Zaidi Samir , Zhao Di , Zhao Shuang G. , Pienta Kenneth J. , Soule Howard R.
Published: November 2021

Introduction

The 2021 Coffey‐Holden Prostate Cancer Academy (CHPCA) Meeting, “Prostate Cancer Research in the 21st Century,” was held virtually, from June 24–25, 2021.

Methods

The CHPCA Meeting is organized by the Prostate Cancer Foundation as a unique discussion‐oriented meeting focusing on critical topics in prostate cancer research envisioned to bridge the next major advances in prostate cancer biology and treatment. The 2021 CHPCA Meeting was virtually attended by 89 investigators and included 31 talks over nine sessions.

Results

Major topic areas discussed at the meeting included: cancer genomics and sequencing, functional genomic approaches to studying mediators of plasticity, emerging signaling pathways in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer, Wnt signaling biology and the challenges of targeted therapy, clonal hematopoiesis, neuroendocrine cell plasticity and antitumor immunity, cancer immunotherapy and its synergizers, and imaging the tumor microenvironment and metabolism.

Discussion

This meeting report summarizes the research presented at the 2021 CHPCA Meeting. We hope that publication of this knowledge will accelerate new understandings and the development of new biomarkers and treatments for prostate cancer.
Beyond waterfalls and dams: Riverscape genetics of two endemic mountain loaches in the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot
Authors: Sidharthan Arya , Dahanukar Neelesh , Sundar Remya Lathika , Ranjeet Kutty , Raghavan Rajeev
Published: November 2021

Riverscape genetics of fish, though extensively studied in temperate regions, have received limited interest in tropical rivers, especially in montane systems which not only harbour several endemic and threatened species, but are also subjected to extensive habitat modifications. We determine the population genetic structure of two endemic balitorid loaches (Bhavania australis and Travancoria elongata) in response to natural (25 m high waterfall) and artificial (23 m high and 290 m long hydropower dam) barriers in a small mountain riverscape in the Western Ghats Hotspot. Population genetics analysis using mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequence showed low nucleotide diversity, haplotype diversity and genetic differentiation among populations, for both species, suggesting that barriers did not influence genetic structuring. Though migration analysis also revealed that barriers did not affect movement of the two species through the riverscape, patterns in mutation‐scaled immigration rates and population sizes differed between the two species supporting our observation that they rarely co‐exist in the same habitat, likely as an effect of competitive exclusion. Mismatch distribution and Bayesian skyline plot suggested recent expansion in the populations of B. australis and corresponding population decline in T. elongata in the last 100 years, which probably explains the widespread and abundant distribution of B. australis as opposed to the narrow endemism and rarity of T. elongata. Our results provide novel insights into the ecology of balitorid loaches and their response to riverine barriers in a tropical mountain landscape.
Systems thinking epistemological underpinnings of practice among rehabilitation professionals: Case study of the major text of a French physiotherapy founder
Authors: Abboudi Cécile , Maignant Gilles , Choplin Arnaud
Published: November 2021

This paper has three objectives: first, to examine the historical foundations of the social representation of French physiotherapy; second, to explore the holistic dimension of physiotherapy care addressed by physiotherapists in our survey; third, to disseminate the research design in social science. A literary text by a founder of French physiotherapy was transcribed and examined by lexicometry. The analysis revealed the avant‐garde philosophy of care developed by Dolto in the 70s: a merged model of care and a unique evidence of systems thinking that distinguishes the empirical practice of professionals working according to a functional rehabilitation logic. We argue that the introduction of systems theory into the initial or continuing education of these practitioners could make its bio‐psycho‐social application more effective. This calls for further research on rehabilitation practices in other cultural contexts and provides a theoretical basis and argument for the development of lexicometry in the social sciences.
Neuroprotektive Therapien bei idiopathischen, genetischen und atypischen Parkinson-Syndromen mit α-Synuklein – Pathologie
Authors: Levin Johannes , Nübling Georg , Giese Armin , Janzen Annette , Oertel Wolfgang
Published: November 2021

Kernpunkt der Klassifikation neurodegenerativer Erkrankungen ist der histopathologische Nachweis von Ablagerungen bestimmter Proteine im Gehirn. Hierbei unterscheiden sich die verschiedenen Krankheitsentitäten sowohl hinsichtlich der Art der nachweisbaren Proteine als auch hinsichtlich der Konfiguration und Lokalisation der entsprechenden Proteinaggregate. Gemeinsames Kernmerkmal der als Synukleinopathien zusammengefassten Erkrankungen sind Ablagerungen des Proteins α‑Synuklein (ASYN). Die bekanntesten Erkrankungen dieses Spektrums sind die Parkinson-Krankheit (PK) mit neuronalem Nachweis von Lewy-Körperchen, die Demenz vom Lewy-Körper-Typ (DLK) mit zusätzlichem Nachweis von β‑Amyloid-Ablagerungen sowie die seltene Multisystematrophie (MSA) mit glialem Nachweis sog. Papp-Lantos-Körperchen. Da neben der diagnostischen mittlerweile auch die zentrale pathophysiologische Bedeutung des ASYN erwiesen ist, fokussiert sich die Entwicklung neuer Therapien aktuell auf die Beeinflussung der toxischen Wirkung dieses Proteins. Die verschiedenen Therapiekonzepte lassen sich grob in sechs Gruppen zusammenfassen: 1. die Verringerung der ASYN-Expression (Antisense-Therapie), 2. die Verhinderung der Bildung toxischer ASYN-Aggregate (Antiaggregativa, Chelatoren), 3. das Auflösen bzw. die Beseitigung intra- oder extrazellulärer toxischer ASYN-Aggregate (aktive und passive Immuntherapie, Antiaggregativa), 4. die Verstärkung zellulärer Abräummechanismen (Autophagie, lysosomale Mikrophagie) zur Beseitigung toxischer Formen von α‑Synuklein, 5. die Modulation neuroinflammatorischer Prozesse sowie 6. neuroprotektive Strategien. In diesem Artikel fassen wir die aktuellen Therapieentwicklungen zusammen und geben einen Ausblick auf vielversprechende zukünftige Therapieansätze.
Rhodopsins build up the birefringent bodies of the dinoflagellate Oxyrrhis marina
Authors: Rhiel Erhard , Hoischen Christian , Westermann Martin
Published: November 2021

The ultrastructure of the birefringent bodies of the dinoflagellate Oxyrrhis marina was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Ultrathin sectioning revealed that the bodies consist of highly ordered and densely packed lamellae, which show a regular striation along their longitudinal axis. A lattice distance of 6.1 nm was measured for the densely packed lamellae by FFT (Fast Fourier Transformation) analysis. In addition, a rather faint and oblique running striation was registered. Lamellae sectioned rather oblique or almost close to the surface show a honeycombed structure with a periodicity of 7.2–7.8 nm. Freeze-fracture transmission electron microscopy revealed that the lamellae are composed of highly ordered, crystalline arrays of particles. Here, FFT analysis resulted in lattice distances of 7.0–7.6 nm. Freeze-fracture transmission electron microscopy further revealed that the bodies remained intact after cell rupture followed by ascending flotation of the membrane fractions on discontinuous sucrose gradients. The birefringent bodies most likely are formed by evaginations of membranes, which separate the cytoplasm from the food vacuoles. Distinct, slightly reddish-colored areas, which resembled the birefringent bodies with respect to size and morphology, were registered by bright field light microscopy within Oxyrrhis marina cells. An absorbance maximum at 540 nm was registered for these areas, indicating that they are composed of rhodopsins. This was finally proven by immuno-transmission electron microscopy, as antisera directed against the C-terminal amino acid sequences of the rhodopsins AEA49880 and ADY17806 intensely immunolabeled the birefringent bodies of Oxyrrhis marina.
Fracture analysis of fisheye failures in the tooth root fillet of high-strength gears made out of ultra-clean gear steels
Authors: Fuchs D. , Rommel S. , Tobie T. , Stahl K.
Published: November 2021

In shot-peened components, failures can be caused by a crack initiation below the surface at a non-metallic inclusion in the steel matrix. This fracture mechanism is called “fisheye failure”. In addition, this failure type can lead to a decreased endurance fatigue limit for the component. By preventing this crack mechanism, higher bending strength is expected to be achievable. Various research by universities and research institutes has taken place in this field using standard specimen and sometimes special alloy systems. However, in the tooth root of a gear, a complex multiaxial stress condition is present. Furthermore, the most commonly gears used in transmissions are made out of case-hardened wrought steels. Therefore, in the gear industry, there is only limited knowledge available about this failure type and the failure characteristics, so far. The first step to gain more knowledge requires extended and proper characterization of the crack area. Furthermore, in standardized gear calculation methods a consideration of a crack initiation below the surface at non-metallic inclusions is not possible, yet. Therefore, extended model approaches are still necessary. However, the reliability of such model approaches depends strongly on the quality of the input data, which can only be ensured by a proper fracture surface analysis. As a starting point, the aim of this paper is to characterize systematically the fracture area characteristics in the tooth root fillet of case-hardened, shot-peened gears in detail according to a presented approach to further extend a presented extended model approach in the medium term.
Dentate-nucleus gadolinium deposition on magnetic resonance imaging: ultrasonographic and clinical correlates in multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Kühn Isabelle , Maschke Henning , Großmann Annette , Hauenstein Karlheinz , Weber Marc-André , Zettl Uwe K. , Storch Alexander , Walter Uwe
Published: November 2021

Objective

The objective of this study is to find out whether gadolinium accumulation in the dentate nucleus (DN) after repeated gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) administration in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients is related to tissue alteration detectable on transcranial ultrasound.

Methods

In this case–control study, 34 patients (17 with, and 17 age-, sex-, MS severity-, and duration-matched participants without visually rated DN T1-hyperintensity) who had received 2–28 (mean, 11 ± 7) consecutive 1.5-Tesla MRI examinations with application of linear GBCA were included. Real-time MRI-ultrasound fusion imaging was applied, exactly superimposing the DN identified on MRI to calculate its corresponding echo-intensity on digitized ultrasound image analysis. In addition, cerebellar ataxia and cognitive performance were assessed. Correlation analyses were adjusted for age, MS duration, MS severity, and time between MRI scans.

Results

DN-to-pons T1-signal intensity-ratios (DPSIR) were larger in patients with visually rated DN T1-hyperintensity compared to those without (1.16 ± 0.10 vs 1.09 ± 0.06; p = 0.01). In the combined group, DPSIR correlated with the cumulative linear-GBCA dose (r = 0.49, p = 0.003), as did the DPSIR change on last versus first MRI (r = 0.59, p = 0.003). Neither DPSIR nor globus pallidus internus-to-thalamus T1-signal intensity-ratios were related to echo-intensity of corresponding ROI’s. DPSIR correlated with the dysarthria (r = 0.57, p = 0.001), but no other, subscore of the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale, and no other clinical score.

Conclusions

DN gadolinium accumulation is not associated with trace metal accumulation, calcification, or other tissue alteration detectable on ultrasound. A possible mild effect of DN gadolinium accumulation on cerebellar speech function in MS patients, suggested by present data, needs to be validated in larger study samples.
Sleeping Site and Tree Selection by Bale Monkeys (Chlorocebus djamdjamensis) at Kokosa Forest Fragment in Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Mekonnen Addisu , Fashing Peter J. , Venkataraman Vivek V. , Chapman Colin A. , Stenseth Nils Chr. , Hernandez-Aguilar R. Adriana
Published: November 2021

Although selecting advantageous sleeping sites is crucial for nonhuman primates, the extent to which different factors contribute to their selection remains largely unknown for many species. We investigated hypotheses relating to predator avoidance, food access, and thermoregulation to explain the sleeping behavior of Bale monkeys (Chlorocebus djamdjamensis) occupying a degraded fragmented forest, Kokosa, in the southern Ethiopian Highlands. We found that the study group reused 11 out of 20 sleeping sites used during the 42 study days over a 6-month period. Sleeping sites were usually close to the last feeding trees of the day (mean distance =15.2 m) and/or the first feeding trees of the next morning (mean distance = 13.5 m). This may reflect an attempt to maximize feeding efficiency and reduce travel costs. Compared to the mean trees in the study area, sleeping trees were significantly shorter. Bale monkeys selected sleeping places in trees with high foliage density above and below them, lending support to the hypothesis that they select sleeping places that can conceal them from predators and at the same time offer shelter from cold weather. The monkeys also frequently huddled at night. Our results suggest that predator avoidance, access to food resources, and thermoregulation all likely influence the selection of sleeping sites by Bale monkeys.
Monitoring Immune Cell Function Through Optical Imaging: a Review Highlighting Transgenic Mouse Models
Authors: Chawda Chintan , McMorrow Roisin , Gaspar Natasa , Zambito Giorgia , Mezzanotte Laura
Published: November 2021

Transgenic mouse models have facilitated research of human diseases and validation of therapeutic approaches. Inclusion of optical reporter genes (fluorescent or bioluminescent genes) in the targeting vectors used to develop such models makes in vivo imaging of cellular and molecular events possible, from the microscale to the macroscale. In particular, transgenic mouse models expressing optical reporter genes allowed accurately distinguishing immune cell types from trafficking in vivo using intravital microscopy or whole-body optical imaging. Besides lineage tracing and trafficking of different subsets of immune cells, the ability to monitor the function of immune cells is of pivotal importance for investigating the effects of immunotherapies against cancer. Here, we introduce the reader to state-of-the-art approaches to develop transgenics, optical imaging techniques, and several notable examples of transgenic mouse models developed for immunology research by critically highlighting the models that allow the following of immune cell function.
Cardiotoxicity—current recommendations of prevention and treatment
Authors: Bergler-Klein Jutta
Published: November 2021

Tremendous advances in modern oncology therapies enable an increasing life expectancy of many cancer entities. Short or long-term cardiovascular side effects, however, gain importance. The current review focuses on recent recommendations for strategies of preventing and treating cardiotoxicity. A personalized assessment of the baseline risk of cardiotoxicity is recommended in all patients, without delaying the initiation of the cancer therapy. A baseline ECG, biomarkers (NT-proBNP, troponin), blood pressure and echocardiography should be obtained in all patients scheduled for potentially cardiotoxic treatments. Cardiac risk factors, e.g., coronary disease, hypertension, elevated lipids, should be promptly treated and optimized. Increased surveillance with more frequent cardiac imaging and sequential biomarker assessment during the cycles is recommended in high-risk cardiac patients. New imaging methods in echocardiography such as speckle tracking global longitudinal strain reflecting early myocardial ventricular deterioration are proposed in recent recommendations. Signs of cardiotoxicity should induce early treatment by, e.g., ACE-inhibitors, beta-blockers and/or other heart failure therapies. Immune therapies, e.g., checkpoint-inhibitors can induce cardiac events such as arrhythmias, acute coronary syndrome with plaque rupture, or myocarditis, even in negative magnetic resonance imaging or normal echocardiography findings. Troponin, BNP and ECG may help to identify these potentially deleterious side effects. Furthermore, there is a bidirectional influence of heart disease and cancer, e.g., by common inflammatory pathways. Pre-existent heart disease leads to worse prognosis in cancer, necessitating close follow-up and cardiac treatment during cancer therapy. On the other hand, cardiovascular mortality is increased after cancer survival and periodic cardiac follow-up is recommended long-term especially after chemotherapy and-or radiation.
Rebellions and Civil Wars
Authors: Dumberry Patrick
Published: November 2021

This book analyses all relevant questions of State responsibility and attribution arising from the conduct of rebels and governments in the context of civil wars and rebellions aiming at the establishment of a new government or the creation of a new State. Based on a comprehensive analysis of both old and recent State practice, and case law, including investment awards, as well as the works of scholars and the International Law Commission, the book identifies ten basic rules which can be used by States and international tribunals. It explains the history, content and scope of application of the specific solutions adopted in Article 10 of the International Law Commission Articles on State responsibility to address particular problems. The book also critically revisits some of the solutions that have been put forward by tribunals and scholars, and examines a number of questions which have never been addressed by them before.
Hegel's A Priori and the Critique of Three Aprioristic Readings of the Science of Logic
Authors: Orsini Federico
Published: November 2021

The goal of my essay is to clarify the status of the a priori in Hegel's Science of Logic. My claim is that in order to make possible an appreciation of the originality of Hegel's position we need to map a context of discussion and to dissolve a set of preconceptions about Hegel's idea of philosophy. My argument will be articulated in two parts. In the first part, I will analyse four possible positions regarding the issue of the aprioricity of the Logic, I will defend a fifth position, and I will draw a distinction between apriorism and a priori. In the second part, I will examine three distinct charges of apriorism against Hegel's Logic: the charge of assuming God's point of view of the universe, the charge of vicious circularity between the beginning and the end of the Logic, the charge of self-sufficiency of the Logic. As a result, I hope to show that these charges are unfounded, and to clear the ground for an adequate evaluation of Hegel's own sublation (Aufhebung) of the a priori/a posteriori divide.
On making holes in liquids
Authors: Antkowiak Arnaud
Published: November 2021

Just as a solid object would, a liquid jet or a stream of droplets impacting a free surface deforms and perforates it. This generic flow interaction, met in everyday life but also in cutting edge industrial processes, has puzzled scientists for centuries. Lee et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 921, 2021, A8) present an experimental study of a simple droplet train interacting with a liquid bath and identify two stages in the interaction: a first where a cavity elongates and finally bursts, and a second where the interface is steadily punched by the incoming stream. Each of these regimes is explained with elementary but effective models arising from first principles, thereby revealing a full and simple picture of the physics of making holes in liquids.
THE LATE ANTIQUE AFTERLIFE OF ROMAN EXEMPLARITY: THE CASE OF SCIPIO NASICA IN LIVY,AB VRBE CONDITABOOK 29 AND AUGUSTINE,DE CIVITATE DEI1.30–2.5
Authors: Krauss Katherine
Published: November 2021

This article calls for a new understanding of the relationship between classicizing and Christian discourses of exemplarity through a close reading of the figure of Scipio Nasica in Livy,Ab urbe conditaBook 29 and Augustine,De ciuitate DeiBooks 1–2. Nasica, whose selection as auir optimusby the Senate in 204b.c.e.has puzzled modern scholars, was a source of historiographical difficulty for Livy that prompted him to reflect upon exemplarity, mythmaking and the tenuous relationship between past and present. For Augustine, on the other hand, Nasica was a pagan, and thus imperfect, realization of Christianpietasand restraint from luxurious behaviour. Although differing in their interpretations of the Republicanexemplum, both Livy and Augustine point to the complexities inherent in invocations of paradigmatic Romanmaiores. The close study of Scipio Nasica thus reveals the classicizing precedent lingering behind the supposedly ‘Christian’ rejections of pre-Christian Roman culture in theDe ciuitate Dei.
Honey bees with a drinking problem: potential routes of Nosema ceranae spore transmission
Authors: MacInnis Courtney I. , Keddie B. Andrew , Pernal Stephen F.
Published: November 2021

Nosema apis and N. ceranae are the two causative agents of Nosema disease in adult honey bees (Apis mellifera L.). Nosema apis has been a recognized parasite for over a century and its epizootiology is well known. In contrast, N. ceranae is an emerging parasite of honey bees, which is now globally prevalent and the dominant Nosema spp. in many parts of the world. Despite this, many gaps in our knowledge exist regarding this species. For example, we do not fully understand all of the routes of transmission of N. ceranae among bees, or how long this parasite is capable of surviving in honey bee colonies. Here we investigated the viability and infectivity of N. ceranae spores in water and 2 M sucrose over time after storage at 33, 20, −12 and −20°C. Spores in both 2 M sucrose and water maintained high viability, except in water at −20°C over the course of the 6-week experiment. Infectivity was variable for spores after storage at all four temperatures, but all were infective at the last time point. The results provide evidence for cold tolerance and suggest that both water and 2 M sucrose (fall bee feed) could act as routes of transmission for N. ceranae. This work also contains information that may help influence management recommendations for the parasite.
Pathways of participation in paid and unpaid work in mid to later life in the United Kingdom
Authors: Sacco Lawrence B. , Corna Laurie M. , Price Debora , Glaser Karen
Published: November 2021

Policy responses to population ageing have focused on lengthening working lives, overlooking inequalities in older adults’ participation in unpaid activities. This paper examines participation in paid and unpaid activities between the ages of 55 and 70 to answer two questions: how do people navigate pathways of paid work, informal care, volunteering, civic participation and housework in mid to later life?; and how do these pathways relate to gender, socio-economic and health inequalities? Two-staged latent class analysis was used to identify activity pathways using data from the British Household Panel Survey (1996–2008). Multinomial logistic models assessed associations between latent pathways and socio-demographic and health characteristics. Three pathways were observed: full-time work to low activity (49%), part-time and in-home work (34%) and multiple activities (16%). Aside from retirement from full-time work, the pathways of participation in paid and unpaid activities were characterised by continuity; substitution between different forms of paid and unpaid work was not observed. Participation in multiple paid and unpaid activities was more common for respondents in better health and of higher socio-economic status. Since the promotion of paid work and volunteering in later life may mainly benefit individuals in advantaged circumstances, policies should avoid taking a blanket approach to encouraging participation in multiple activities, a key component of active ageing.
‘This is not who we are’: Gendered bordering practices, ontological insecurity, and lines of continuity under the Trump presidency
Authors: Agius Christine
Published: November 2021

The Trump presidency ushered in a heightened sense of ontological insecurity in the US, based on a national self-narrative that portrayed an emasculated America. Trump promised to return the US to primacy by pursuing policies and practices that focused on border protection, militarisation, and the vilification of external others, while amplifying racial tensions within the country. From caging immigrant children at the border, to an enabling of white supremacy and the Capitol riots, Trump's presidency was broadly seen as aberration in the self-narrative of America as a tolerant, democratic nation. In this article, I am interested in how gendered bordering practices inform ontological (in)security in Trump's narrative of the nation, domestic and external policy, and discourses. While Trump's electoral loss to Biden in 2020 has been described as a ‘return to normal’, this article instead considers how Trump's presidency exhibited lines of continuity when examined through a gender lens. Understanding how masculinism informs ideas of ontological security reveals how notions of gendered bordering, hierarchy, and ordering have been persistent threads in US politics, rather than simply an anomaly under Trump. This suggests greater potential to read ontological security in more complex terms through gendered bordering practices.
In Their Own Words: How COVID-19 Has Impacted the Well-Being of Persons Living with Dementia in the Community
Authors: McAiney Carrie , Conway Emma , Koch Melissa , Middleton Laura , Dupuis Sherry , Keller Heather , Dupuis Kate , Lee Linda , Fehr Phyllis , Beleno Ron , Kuepfer Jane , Boger Jennifer
Published: November 2021

COVID-19 has had a devasting impact on older adults in Canada, including persons living with dementia. This intrinsic case study sought to understand the perceptions of persons living with dementia regarding how COVID-19 has impacted their well-being. Ten persons living with dementia participated in in-depth qualitative interviews about their experience with COVID-19. Using thematic analysis, four themes were identified: (1) expressing current and future concerns; (2) social connections and isolation; (3) adapting to change and resilience through engagement and hope; and (4) we’re not all the same: reflecting individual experiences of the pandemic. Results highlight that while COVID-19 contributed to isolation, concerns, and frustrations, persons with dementia also demonstrated adaptation and resilience. This study reinforced that persons with dementia and their responses to challenges are unique. Therefore, interventions to support persons with dementia must also be individualized to each person’s abilities and circumstances.
A greedy algorithm for dropping digits
Authors: BIRD RICHARD , MU SHIN-CHENG
Published: November 2021

Consider the following puzzle: given a number, remove k digits such that the resulting number is as large as possible. Various techniques are employed to derive a linear-time solution to the puzzle: we justify the structure of a greedy algorithm by predicate logic, give a constructive proof of the greedy condition using a dependently typed proof assistant and calculate the greedy step as well as the final, linear-time optimisation by equational reasoning.
Digitale Töne im Abonnement: Podcasts
Authors: Brühe Roland
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung. Podcasts sind ein zeitgemäßes Medium für Information und Unterhaltung. Der Beitrag gibt einen kurzen Einblick in das Wesen von Podcasts und deutschsprachige Angebote für den Pflegebereich.
Der Einsatz von Planspielen in der Berufsfachschule
Authors: Kerres Andrea , Wissing Christiane
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung. Planspiele gewinnen immer mehr an Bedeutung in der Pflegebildung. Mit dieser handlungsorientierten Methode lassen sich Zusammenhänge und Schnittstellen in komplexen, beruflich relevanten Situationen für die Lernenden begreif- und erfahrbar machen. Die Lernenden schlüpfen in Kleingruppen in eine Rolle, erarbeiten Ziel- und Kommunikationsstrategien, bereiten Gespräche vor und führen diese durch. Das Ganze findet in einem geschützten Rahmen statt. In der Reflexion werden Lern­prozesse angestoßen und in das berufliche Handlungsfeld transferiert.
Krise – nichts als Krise
Authors: Hannich Hans-Joachim
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung. Beim Verfassen des Textes hatte der Autor ursprünglich die Gruppe der Krankenhauspatienten und ihre psychische Situation im Blick. Dann kam die Corona-Pandemie und mit ihr wurde eine gesamte Gesellschaft hospitalisiert. Und im krisenhaften Geschehen zeigten sich im Großen wie im Kleinen psychische Grundbedürfnisse, die bei Gesunden und Kranken gleichermaßen nach Befriedigung streben.
How Well Do We Know the Surface Impact of Sudden Stratospheric Warmings?
Authors: Oehrlein Jessica , Polvani Lorenzo M. , Sun Lantao , Deser Clara
Published: November 2021

Sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) are key to understanding and predicting subseasonal Northern Hemisphere winter climate variability. Here we study the uncertainty in the surface response to SSWs in reanalysis data by constructing synthetic composites based on bootstrapping the 39 events observed during the 1958–2019 period. We find that the well‐known responses in the North Atlantic and European regions following SSWs are consistently present, but their magnitude and spatial pattern vary considerably across the synthetic composites. We further find that this uncertainty is unrelated to stratospheric polar vortex strength and is instead the result of independent tropospheric variability. Our findings provide a basis for evaluating the fidelity of the surface response to SSWs in models.
Cold Anomaly Over Nova Zembla–Ural Mountains: A Precursor for the Summer Long‐Lived Heat Wave in Northeast Asia?
Authors: Yang Xiaoye , Zeng Gang , Zhang Shiyue , Wang Wei‐Chyung , Iyakaremye Vedaste
Published: November 2021

Recent studies suggest that, on the interannual time scale, there exists a wave‐train teleconnection that associates the cold anomaly over Nova Zembla–Ural Mountains (CNU) with the summer heat waves (HW) in Northeast Asia (NEA). Here, we used 1979–2020 NCEP‐NCAR reanalysis to investigate, on the synoptic‐scale, the characteristics of NEA‐HWs and their association with CNU. Analyses reveal the CNU usually leads the HW, and its significant signal strengthens about 6‐day before long‐lived (last 5‐day and more) HWs, which account for 27.8% and 54%, respectively, of the total 252 HW events and 956 HW days. Aided by Linear Baroclinic Model simulations, we conclude that the enhanced and slow‐moving CNU further stimulates and maintains the anticyclonic anomalies over NEA by strengthening the atmospheric blocking and the amplitude of the wave‐train, resulting in longer HWs. The potential use of the lagged association for HW forecasting is discussed.
The Spatial Relationship Between Contemporaneous Tremor Detections in Relatively Low‐ and High‐Frequency Bands
Authors: Song Chao , Rubin Allan M.
Published: November 2021

Although tremor is believed to consist of myriad low‐frequency earthquakes (LFEs), it also contains longer‐period signals of unknown origin. We investigate the source of some of the longer‐period signals by locating tremor windows independently in relatively high‐frequency (“HF”, 1.25–6.5 Hz, containing typical LFEs) and low‐frequency (“LF”, 0.5–1.25 Hz) bands. We hypothesize that if tremor consists entirely of LFEs, such that the lower‐frequency signals come from the non‐uniform timing of higher‐frequency (∼2 Hz) LFEs, then contemporaneous LF and HF signals should be nearly co‐located. Here we search for a systematic offset between the locations of contemporaneous LF and HF detections during rapid tremor migrations (RTMs). This first requires correcting for apparent offsets in location that arise simply from filtering in different passbands. To guard against possible errors in our empirical filtering effect corrections, we focus on a region of the subduction interface beneath southern Vancouver Island that hosts migrations propagating in nearly opposing directions. We find that the LF energy appears to occur roughly 500 m farther behind the propagating fronts of RTMs than the HF energy, whether those fronts propagate to the ENE or to the WSW. This separation is small compared to the location error of individual LF detections, but the result seems robust owing to the large number of detections. If this result stands, it suggests that tremor consists of more than just a collection of LFEs, with longer‐period energy being generated farther behind the migrating fronts of RTMs, where slip speeds are presumably lower.
m6A-mediated upregulation of AC008 promotes osteoarthritis progression through the miR-328-3p‒AQP1/ANKH axis
Authors: Yang Jiashu , Zhang Ming , Yang Dawei , Ma Yunfei , Tang Yuting , Xing Mengying , Li Lingyun , Chen Li , Jin Yucui , Ma Changyan
Published: November 2021

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as important regulators of osteoarthritis (OA), but the biological roles and clinical significance of most lncRNAs in OA are not fully understood. Microarray analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs, mRNAs, and miRNAs between normal and osteoarthritic cartilage. We found that AC008440.5 (abbreviated AC008), as well as AQP1 and ANKH, were highly expressed in osteoarthritic cartilage, whereas miR-328-3p was expressed at a low level in osteoarthritic cartilage. Functional assays showed that ectopic expression of AC008, AQP1, and ANKH significantly decreased chondrocyte viability and promoted chondrocyte apoptosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, whereas knockdown of AC008, AQP1, and ANKH resulted in the opposite effects. Moreover, miR-328-3p overexpression increased chondrocyte viability and attenuated chondrocyte apoptosis and ECM degradation, whereas inhibition of miR-328-3p resulted in the opposite effects. Bioinformatics analysis, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), and luciferase assays revealed that AC008 functioned as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to regulate miR-328-3p, which specifically targeted the AQP1 and ANKH genes. In addition, miR-328-3p significantly ameliorated MIA-induced OA, whereas AC008 accelerated OA progression in vivo. Furthermore, fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO)-mediated N6-methyladenosine demethylation downregulated AC008 transcription, while lower FTO expression led to upregulation of AC008 transcription in OA. In conclusion, our data reveal that AC008 plays a critical role in OA pathogenesis via the miR-328-3p‒AQP1/ANKH pathway, suggesting that AC008 may be a potential therapeutic target for OA.