bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Proposed Harmony Search Algorithm for Honeyword Generation
Authors: Yasser Yasser A. , Sadiq Ahmed T. , AlHamdani Wasim
Published: March 2022

The honeyword system is a password cracking detection technique that aims to improve the security of hashed passwords by making password cracking simpler to detect. Many honeywords (false passwords) accompany the sugarword (true password) to form the sweetwords (false and true passwords) for every user. If the attacker signs in using a honeyword, a silent alarm trigger shows that the honeyword system might be compromised. Many honeyword generation techniques are presented; each one has a flaw in the generating process, a lack of support for all honeyword characteristics, and a slew of honeyword problems. The harmony search algorithm (HSA), a metaheuristic intelligence algorithm inspired by music, is used in this article to offer a novel method for generating honeyword. The suggested honeyword generation technique will enhance the generating process, enhance honeyword characteristics, and address prior approaches’ shortcomings. This paper will show several previous honeyword generation techniques, explain the suggested one, discuss the experimental findings, and compare the new honeyword generation method with the previous ones.
Air Pollutants Sources in Winter in Chang-Zhu-Tan Region of China
Authors: Zhu Yingfang , Liao Juyang , Gong Wei , Wu Huili , Huang Yaqi , Liu Yan , Zhao Meifang
Published: March 2022

In order to analyze the primary sources of air pollutants in Chang-Zhu-Tan region, this article selected the environmental monitoring data and meteorological data in the winter of 2019 to calculate the backward airflow trajectories with the Chang-Zhu-Tan region as the starting point by using the backward trajectory model. Combined with the ground concentration monitoring data, cluster analysis, potential source contribution factor (PSCF) analysis, and concentration weighted trajectory (CWT) analysis were carried out to determine the pollutant transportation paths and sources of the potential source area. The results show that air mass transportation mainly comes from three directions: northwest, northeast, and southwest China. The airflow in northwest China moves faster and cleaner, while the airflow from the northeast and southwest moves slowly and carries a high concentration of pollutants. PSCF and CWT analyses show that the critical potential sources are mainly located in this area and some cities next to the study area. This study has important practical significance for the environmental research of Chang-Zhu-Tan region and can provide theoretical reference for regional joint prevention and control of air pollution.
Endoscopic Removal of a Denture Lining Material Stuck in the Duodenum
Authors: Eizuka Makoto , Toya Yosuke , Miura Manami , Takahashi Hiroshi , Matsumoto Takayuki
Published: March 2022

A 52-year-old woman visited our hospital with a complaint of upper abdominal pain. Abdominal computed tomography did not show any lesion responsible for the pain. However, esophagogastroduodenoscopy identified a pale, pink-colored, U-shaped foreign body stuck in the descending part of the duodenum. We removed it by gently pulling forward in an antegrade fashion with the use of a snare. Duodenography after the removal did not show any sign of leakage to the abdominal cavity or to the retroperitoneum. The foreign body was found to be a denture lining material equipped 3 days previously.
Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura as an Extraintestinal Manifestation in a Patient with Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: de Medeiros Dutra Renata , Almeida Luciana Rocha , Sinkos Camila , Muraro Bonini Ana Clara , Saad-Hossne Rogerio , Baima Julio Pinheiro , Sassaki Ligia Yukie
Published: March 2022

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies against platelet membrane antigens, leading to immune-mediated platelet destruction. ITP is considered as a rare extraintestinal manifestation (EIM) of ulcerative colitis (UC). This report aimed to describe a rare case of UC associated with ITP and a review of the literature. A 49-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with severe acute colitis which was responsive to treatment (hydrocortisone 300 mg/day). The patient was discharged from the hospital with prednisone 60 mg/day and azathioprine 50 mg/day. During the follow-up, the dose of azathioprine was increased to 100 mg/day (1.3 mg/kg), while prednisone tapering was started. After 3 months, the patient presented with thrombocytopenia (30,000 platelets/µL) without improvement despite receiving the suspension of azathioprine; thus, a bone marrow aspirate was performed. The bone marrow analysis showed hyperplasia of the erythroid series, megaloblastosis, hyperplasia of megakaryocytes with mild dyspoiesis, and absence of cytotoxicity, a morphological finding consistent with ITP. The patient was treated with prednisone 1 mg/kg/day which resulted in partial improvement of the condition and his still being followed up as outpatient using mesalazine 3.2 g for UC and a platelet count of approximately 50,000/µL using eltrombopag. As reported, ITP is a rare EIM in patients with UC. Due to the risk of complications, such as bleeding, hematological changes in these patients should be considered. The disease should be suspected in the presence of thrombocytopenia, always excluding the side effects of medications in advance, especially immunosuppressants. The correct diagnosis of this rare manifestation and proper treatment are essential to control the condition, prevent complications, and improve the patient’s prognosis.
“I know it's not normal for people in this world to be happy, and I'm happy": tensões e torções feministas e queer em Rubyfruit Jungle de Rita Mae Brown
Authors: Silva Ruan Nunes
Published: March 2022

O presente trabalho pretende sublinhar os terrenos comuns nos quais operam as discussões teóricas feministas e queer, sugerindo uma possível interpelação de ambos. A partir da compreensão que há possibilidades de investigações teóricas entre os feminismos e a teoria queer, sinaliza-se que questões de gênero e de sexualidade são centrais para a análise do romance de estréia de Rita Mae Brown, Rubyfruit Jungle. O estudo sinaliza que, embora lido como um romance lésbico, a obra já trazia à tona nos anos 1970 possibilidades teóricas que só seriam tematizadas com o advento da teoria queer anos mais tarde. Considerando as contribuições teóricas de Butler (2015, 2019), Miskolci (2016), Rubin (2016, 2017) entre outros, argumenta-se que uma análise política do romance, englobando teorias feministas e queer, é não só possível, mas também sintomática de novas possibilidades de expansão dos campos investigativos.
A Redoma de vidro, de Sylvia Plath: resistência feminina ao patriarcado reconfigurado
Authors: Bertacini Vanessa Cezarin
Published: March 2022

A ideologia patriarcal vem sido historicamente apresentada em diferentes configurações. Uma delas, abordada por Virginia Woolf em seu ensaio “Professions for Women” (1942), traz a figura do “Anjo do Lar”, isto é, o modelo de mulher pertencente à Era Vitoriana na Inglaterra, dotada de características como a pureza, a castidade, a devoção e a passividade. Gilbert e Gubar (2000), em The Madwoman in the Attic, trouxeram uma segunda configuração, a de “mulher-anjo”, absolutamente similar à primeira, mas não somente um modelo de mulher, bem como o modelo utilizado na constituição das personagens femininas na escrita de autores do sexo masculino. Como proposta de fuga aos estereótipos patriarcais presentes na literatura produzida por homens, as autoras oferecem o conceito de subtexto de autoria feminina, a partir do qual mulheres escritoras puderam contar sua própria história de luta pela liberdade sem mostrá-la expressamente na superfície textual – noção retomada por Elaine Showalter (1994) como um “discurso de duas vozes”. Neste trabalho, pretende-se mostrar de qual forma Sylvia Plath, em seu romance A redoma de vidro (1963), foi capaz de configurar o patriarcado na imagem de uma redoma de vidro e utilizar a desintegração do sujeito feminino como estratégia subtextual de resistência.
Dimensões da escuta na escrita feminista de Esboço, de Rachel Cusk
Authors: Roiffe Ana Gabriela
Published: March 2022

O artigo analisa o livro Esboço (2019), de Rachel Cusk, a partir da problematização do conceito de escuta. Na obra, uma personagem-narradora é responsável por mediar uma série de conversações, nas quais atua sobretudo por meio de uma escuta crítica, que ultrapassa o terreno do ordinário ao propor uma escavação das trajetórias dos personagens. Essa escuta aproxima-se também da própria prática da escrita, acenando para procedimentos metalinguísticos e tangenciando o posicionamento político-feminista da escritora. Nesse sentido, a escuta constrói diferentes tipos de feminilidade, convocando à discussão de tensões e negociações sobre a outorga da voz e recuperando sentidos da maternidade e da sexualidade relacionados à audição.
As representações do corpo feminino na poesia moçambicana: dos grilhões à liberdade
Authors: Pinheiro Vanessa
Published: March 2022

Nas últimas décadas, o corpo feminino tem sido ressignificado enquanto categoria analítica e compreendido em sua concretude sócio-histórica, não mais subsumido em sua condição meramente biológica. Sabemos que o corpo feminino, de modo geral, sofreu espoliação e repressões várias ao longo do processo histórico de estruturação da sociedade; ainda assim, o corpo negro foi o maior vilipendiado, tendo sido exposto a violações das mais diversas ordens, até mesmo em sua dimensão ontológica. Partindo desse pressuposto, o propósito deste estudo é analisar a produção lírica de cinco poetas moçambicanas – Lica Sebastião, Sónia Sultuane, Melita Matsinhe, Rinkel e Deusa d’África – a fim de desconstruir o imaginário histórico de subjugação a partir de representações possíveis de corpo erotizados e liberados em poemas contemporâneos. Para embasar tal estudo, nos apoiaremos na tipologia do corpo de Elódia Xavier (2007), Hooks (2019), entre outros autores.
"Mornas eram as noites" e "Mulheres Sagradas": uma travessia transatlântica entre Dina Salústio e Aidil Araújo Lima
Authors: Cunha Rubens da , Martins Waleska Rodrigues de Matos Oliveira
Published: March 2022

O presente artigo propõe uma leitura analítica das obras Mulheres Sagradas da brasileira Aidil Araújo Lima e Mornas eram as noites, da cabo-verdiana Dina Salústio. O objetivo é propor um diálogo entre essas duas escritoras negras. A fundamentação parte da noção de ‘escrevivência’ proposta por Conceição Evaristo, além de proposições teóricas sobre a literatura de autoria feminina negra. Há temas recorrentes nas narrativas das escritoras: as violências contra as mulheres, o insistente silenciamento imposto pelo machismo e pelos racismos cotidiano e estrutural. No entanto, essas narrativas propõem o enfrentamento, a quebra dessa estrutura marcada de poder e de subserviência. Seja pelo reconhecimento da ancestralidade ou do corpo como voz-escrita, essas escritoras colocam no jogo discursivo a percepção da própria subjetividade. Evidenciam um corpo-mulher marcado por insurreições e questionamentos ao se posicionarem como útero-sexo-política-discurso-poder. Além disso, as autoras dialogam com as vozes crioulas, ancestrais, sagradas e com outras vozes de mulheres irmãs, que questionam a condição da mulher na sociedade e realocam a escrita e o corpo de autoria feminina negra no cenário da literatura.
Texto literário infantil: a compreensão da leitura e da linguagem literária
Authors: Nunes Marília Forgearini , Sperrhake Renata
Published: March 2022

O artigo pretende refletir sobre como o texto literário infantil se caracteriza a partir de sua leitura e dos leitores cujo desenvolvimento é mediado por esse texto. Essa proposta se justifica a partir de uma percepção de que, embora a prática de leitura do texto literário seja algo comum em muitas salas de aula, o que motiva essa leitura não é o encontro com a linguagem literária, mas o desenvolvimento de consciências linguísticas com base nas estruturas da língua identificadas no texto. Os argumentos apresentados buscam caracterizar a literatura infantil partindo do conceito de linguagem literária e defender a necessidade de uma mediação qualificada, tanto para expandir o repertório literário quanto para possibilitar a formação de um leitor que, com autonomia, seja capaz de ler, compreender e construir sentidos em interação com a linguagem literária, tornando essa prática presente em sua vida leitora.
Outcomes With Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitor Use After Left Ventricular Assist Device: An STS-INTERMACS Analysis
Authors: Grandin E. Wilson , Gulati Gaurav , Nunez Jose I. , Kennedy Kevin , Rame J. Eduardo , Atluri Pavan , Pagani Francis D. , Kirklin James K. , Kormos Robert L. , Teuteberg Jeffrey , Kiernan Michael S.
Published: March 2022

Background:

Elevated right ventricular afterload following continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (CF-LVAD) may contribute to late right heart failure (LRHF). PDE5i (phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors) are used to treat pulmonary hypertension and right heart dysfunction after CF-LVAD, but their impact on outcomes is uncertain.

Methods:

We queried Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support from 2012 to 2017 for adults receiving a primary CF-LVAD and surviving ≥30 days from index discharge. Patients receiving early PDE5i (ePDE5i) at 1 month were propensity-matched 1:1 with controls. The primary outcome was the cumulative incidence of LRHF, defined using prevailing Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support criteria; secondary outcomes included all-cause mortality and major bleeding.

Results:

Among 9627 CF-LVAD recipients analyzed, 2463 (25.6%) received ePDE5i and 1600 were propensity-matched 1:1 with controls. Before implant, ePDE5i patients had more severe RV dysfunction (13.1% versus 9.6%) and higher pulmonary vascular resistance (2.8±2.7 versus 2.2±2.4 WU), both
P
<0.001, but clinical factors were well-balanced after propensity-matching. In the unmatched cohort, ePDE5i patients had a higher 3-year cumulative incidence of LRHF, mortality, and major bleeding, but these differences were attenuated in the propensity-matched cohort: LRHF 40.8% versus 35.7% (hazard ratio, 1.14 [95% CI, 0.99–1.32];
P
=0.07); mortality 38.6% versus 35.8% (hazard ratio, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.86–1.15];
P
=0.93); major bleeding 51.2% versus 46.0% (hazard ratio, 1.12 [95% CI, 0.99–1.27];
P
=0.06).

Conclusions:

Compared with propensity-matched controls, adult CF-LVAD patients receiving ePDE5i had similar rates of LRHF, mortality, and major bleeding. While intrinsic patient risk factors likely account for more adverse outcomes with ePDE5i in the unmatched cohort, there is no obvious benefit of ePDE5i in the LVAD population.
Percolation may explain efficiency, robustness, and economy of the brain
Authors: Tian Yang , Sun Pei
Published: March 2022

The brain consists of billions of neurons connected by ultra-dense synapses, showing remarkable efficiency, robust flexibility, and economy in information processing. It is generally believed that these advantageous properties are rooted in brain connectivity; however, direct evidence remains absent owing to technical limitations or theoretical vacancy. This research explores the origins of these properties in the largest yet brain connectome of the fruit fly. We reveal that functional connectivity formation in the brain can be explained by a percolation process controlled by synaptic excitation-inhibition (E/I) balance. By increasing the E/I balance gradually, we discover the emergence of these properties as byproducts of percolation transition when the E/I balance arrives at 3:7. As the E/I balance keeps increase, an optimal E/I balance 1:1 is unveiled to ensure these three properties simultaneously, consistent with previous in vitro experimental predictions. Once the E/I balance reaches over 3:2, an intrinsic limitation of these properties determined by static (anatomical) brain connectivity can be observed. Our work demonstrates that percolation, a universal characterization of critical phenomena and phase transitions, may serve as a window toward understanding the emergence of various brain properties.
What Can We Learn about SARS-CoV-2 Prevalence from Testing and Hospital Data?
Authors: Sacks Daniel W. , Menachemi Nir , Embí Peter , Wing Coady
Published: March 2022

Measuring the prevalence of active SARS-CoV-2 infections in the general population is difficult because tests are conducted on a small and nonrandom segment of the population. However, hospitalized patients are tested at very high rates, even those admitted for non-COVID reasons. We show how to use information on testing of non-COVID hospitalized patients to obtain tight bounds on population prevalence, under conditions weaker than those usually used. We apply our approach to the population of test and hospitalization data for Indiana, and we validate our approach. Our bounds could be constructed at relatively low cost, and for other heavily tested populations.
Raising Health Awareness in Rural Communities: A Randomized Experiment in Bangladesh and India
Authors: Siddique Abu , Rahman Tabassum , Pakrashi Debayan , Islam Asad , Ahmed Firoz
Published: March 2022

Delivering validated information to rural areas is a major challenge in low-income countries. In this paper, we study information provision to rural communities in the context of a global outbreak of an infectious disease—COVID-19. Two weeks after the initial lockdown in March 2020, we conducted a randomized experiment in rural Bangladesh and India to disseminate health information over the phone. We find that relative to information provided via SMS, phone calls can significantly improve people’s awareness and compliance with health guidelines. We also find compliance to be substantially higher among women, which also persists after three months of the campaign.
A new species of Diacheopsis from Russia
Authors: VLASENKO ANASTASIA V. , VLASENKO VYACHESLAV A. , KABILOV MARSEL R.
Published: March 2022

Diacheopsis is a small genus of myxomycetes with about 18 species reported around the world. Diacheopsis species are recorded in Eurasia, North and South America, Australia and New Zealand. A new species of Diacheopsis from coniferous forest of Asian part of Russia is described and illustrated. The new species occurred on a dead tree of Pinus sylvestris. It differs from all known species of the genus Diacheopsis in the sporocarps being drab grey, beige colours and the spores have warts up to 0.4 µm in total height. By SEM observations the warts are dense, abundant and regularly distributed, well-developed, with coralloid projections on the apex of each wart. Sequences for SSU rDNA of the new Diacheopsis species were generated. Preliminary phylogenetic analyses based on partial 18S rDNA sequences support the establishment of the new species.
A Review on Adsorption of Organic Pollutants from Water by UiO-67 and Its Derivatives
Authors: Hang Chen , Akpinar Isil , Qin Yuxuan , Huang Liping , Wang Liyang , Li Wenyao , Wu Jianghong
Published: March 2022

With the outstanding features of low cost and simple operation, adsorption is an effective strategy to remove organic pollutants that caused irreversible harm to organisms from water. UiO-67, a kind of stable zirconiumbased MOF material, has been considered as a promising adsorbent
with appropriate pore size, superior structure and strong affinity with various organic pollutants. Thus, UiO-67 is a great potential material in effectively removing organic pollutants from water. In this review, the research status of UiO-67 and its derivatives in terms of various modification
strategies and adsorption property improvements and mechanisms to different organic pollutants are analyzed and compared.
A Multi-Energy System Cluster Operation Optimization Method Based on Nanocomposite Electrode Materials Energy Storage Equipment
Authors: Hui Qian , Teng Yun , Chen Zhe
Published: March 2022

A cluster operation optimization method of multi-energy system is proposed based on nanocomposite electrode materials energy storage in this paper, aiming at the difficulty in power balance coordination control of regional-level multi-energy systems due to the rapid growth of renewable
energy power generation. In this method, the dynamic influence of nanocomposite electrode materials on the peak power of energy storage is fully considered. The power balance adjustment capability of the multi-energy system is effectively improved by this method. First, an operation optimization
control model of multi-energy system cluster based on nanocomposite electrode materials energy storage equipment is established based on the peak power of energy storage, the joint response of renewable energy, thermal and hydrogen energy, and the operation characteristics of multi-energy
systems. Then, the multi-energy system cluster coordinated operation strategy model and its solution algorithm based on the maximum renewable energy consumption and operating benefit are studied. Finally, a PSCAD simulation model based on the IEEE 14-nodes system is established. The simulation
results and analysis show that the multi-energy system cluster operation optimization model based on nanocomposite electrode material energy storage equipment can effectively improve the power balance ability of the multi-energy system under the condition of the uncertainty of renewable energy.
And this method can reduce the cost of grid operation and power regulation, and improve the efficiency of refined energy management of energy storage.
SLA-Based Orthogonal Parallel Detection of Global Rotationally Coherent Lagrangian Vortices
Authors: Tian Fenglin , Wang Mengjiao , Liu Xiao , He Qiu , Chen Ge
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we present a highly effective orthogonal parallel algorithm for identifying global rotationally coherent Lagrangian vortices (RCLVs) in heterogeneous systems and a long-time-scale global sea level anomaly (SLA)-based RCLVs product. First, a many-core parallel computing method is used to accelerate the Lagrangian-averaged vorticity deviation (LAVD) computing process. The computation is approximately 8000 times faster than that of a previous method. Second, the global LAVD field is divided into several regions. These regions are searched with a multiprocess CPU parallel pool to identify simultaneously RCLVs. All the identified RCLVs in these regions are merged seamlessly into a global eddy map. The algorithm improves the global RCLV identification efficiency, making the proposed method approximately 20 times faster than a single-threaded method. The LAVD many-core computing method and the RCLV multiprocess parallel method are orthogonally combined. The resulting algorithm is at least 500 times faster than previous nonparallel methods, making the computing of global RCLVs feasible. Third, the advection of Lagrangian particles in RCLVs and Eulerian eddies is analyzed to demonstrate the material coherence of RCLVs and the reliability of our algorithm. Finally, a global RCLVs product from 1993 to 2019 containing 52 567 eddies is produced with a 90-day time interval. This is the first time that a long-time-scale global Lagrangian eddy product has been presented.
Diurnal and Seasonal Variability of ERA5 Convective Parameters in Relation to Lightning Flash Rates in Poland
Authors: Poręba Szymon , Taszarek Mateusz , Ustrnul Zbigniew
Published: March 2022

The relationship between convective parameters derived from ERA5 and cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning flashes from the PERUN network in Poland was evaluated. All flashes detected between 2002 and 2019 were divided into intensity categories based on a peak 1-min CG lightning flash rate and were collocated with proximal profiles from ERA5 to assess their climatological variability. Thunderstorms in Poland are the most frequent in July, between 1400 and 1600 UTC and over the southeastern parts of the country. The highest median of most unstable convective available potential energy (MUCAPE) for CG lightning flash events is from June to August, between 1400 and 1600 UTC (around 900 J kg−1), whereas patterns in 0–6-km wind shear [deep-layer shear (DLS)] are reversed, with the highest median values during winter and night (around 25 m s−1). The best overlap of MUCAPE and DLS (MUWMAXSHEAR parameter) is in July–August, typically between 1400 and 2000 UTC with median values of around 850 m2 s−2. Thunderstorms in Poland are the most frequent in MUCAPE below 1000 J kg−1, and DLS between 8 and 15 m s−1. Along with increasing MUCAPE and DLS, peak CG lightning flash rates increase as well. Compared to DLS, MUCAPE is a more important parameter in forecasting any lightning activity, but when these two are combined together (MUWMAXSHEAR) they are more reliable in distinguishing between thunderstorms producing small and high CG lightning flash rates. Our results also indicate that higher CG lightning flash rates result in thunderstorms more frequently associated with severe weather reports (hail, tornado, wind).

Significance Statement

Each year severe thunderstorms produce considerable material losses and lead to deaths across central Europe; thus, a better understanding of local storm climatologies and their accompanying environments is important for operational forecasters, emergency managers, and risk estimation. In this research we address this issue by analyzing 18 years of lightning intensity data and collocated atmospheric environments. Thunderstorms in Poland are the most frequent in July between 1400 and 1600 UTC and form typically in environments with low atmospheric instability and moderate vertical shear of the horizontal wind. The probability for storms producing intense lightning increases when both of these environmental parameters reach higher values.
Has the terrorist attack on Charlie Hebdo fuelled resistance towards Muslim immigrants in Europe? Results from a natural experiment in six European countries
Authors: Savelkoul Michael , te Grotenhuis Manfred , Scheepers Peer
Published: March 2022

In recent years, Europe witnessed several terrorist attacks by Islamist terrorists. To date, crucial questions are whether and how such events influence the European public’s resistance towards Muslims, and if such influence depends on the level of intergroup competition, both at the contextual and individual level. Using the European Social Survey (ESS7), we were able to compare respondents interviewed shortly before and after the terrorist attack on Charlie Hebdo in January 2015. While we found no support for a moderating role of intergroup competition, our study shows that the levels of resistance towards Muslim immigrants were higher shortly after the attacks in Ireland and Czech Republic, however, lower in France. For Austria, Finland and Germany we found no influence. Our findings indicate that one cannot be too careful with generalizing conclusions from single countries.
Private Immigration Detention without the Immigrants: The Subtle Use of Controlling Images in the Contemporary Era
Authors: Bailey-Hall Miara L. , Estrada Emily P.
Published: March 2022

Scholars have well-established the socio-political and legal history of immigrant detention as a form of racialized social control in the United States. In recent years, private prison companies have benefited financially from this system, amassing sizeable profits in spite of vast criticisms and concerns. For this project, we focus on how private immigration detention—as a modern-day form of racialized social control—is normalized. Using the theoretical concept of controlling images, we examine how private prison companies frame the people they detain. Results from our analysis of 143 press releases indicate that private prisons rarely talk about the people they detain. Instead, the companies make vague and indirect references using inanimate objects which dehumanizes them. When the companies do reference migrants, they often characterize them as wards of the state, and in doing so, private prison companies are infantilizing people in lockup in subtle ways. Companies also engage in a significant amount of rhetoric that champions their organizations as they bolster their business amidst scandals and allegations. We conclude that these controlling images, while appearing race neutral, are quite effective in contributing to the invisibility of these groups and maintenance of the status quo. These actions further their exploitable quality by reproducing the oppression of racial others and simultaneously function to legitimize the business practices of private prison companies.
Everything Old is New Again: Applying the Lessons from Halsted’s Life and Work to Today’s Surgical Landscape
Authors: Richmond Bryan K
Published: March 2022

The name of Dr William Halsted is synonymous with innovation and excellence in surgery. The life of Dr Halsted, although known for both accomplishments and personal challenges, continues to provide valuable insight as to how we, as 21st century surgeons, might best address today’s surgical challenges. The following manuscript details some of the ways in which Dr Halsted’s life and teachings provide important lessons that remain relevant even today. Few names in surgery are as well-known as that of Dr William Halsted. Halsted is generally regarded as one of the most, if not the most innovative and influential surgeon in history. His life story and his many contributions to the field surgery have been the subject of numerous manuscripts, books, and Presidential addresses. In addition to his many contributions to surgical science, Halsted is credited with the development of the structure of the modern surgical residency program. Now, despite the dynamic and ever-changing landscape of surgery, many of Halsted’s teachings remain applicable today. In fact, one could argue that many of the challenges faced in surgery today are due to a departure from these principles as they were originally described. In the following discussion, the teachings of Halsted will be explored and the Halsted philosophy applied to propose solutions for today’s modern surgical challenges.
Cerebral Fat Embolism via a Patent Foramen Ovale
Authors: Cibulas Megan A. , Carrillo Eddy H. , Lee Seong K. , Rosenthal Andrew A.
Published: March 2022

Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is a multisystem process predominantly secondary to long bone/pelvic fractures and orthopedic procedures. A 19-year-old man presents after motor vehicle collision with trace right pneumothorax, right grade 3 kidney laceration, left pubic rami, and right femoral shaft fractures. Right femur closed reduction ensued and he underwent intramedullary nailing; his other injuries were managed nonoperatively. Upon awakening in recovery, he was newly aphasic. Despite negative repeat CT brain, he continued to worsen and became tachycardic and hypoxemic. MRI/MRA brain demonstrated innumerable bilateral frontal, parietal, and occipital acute ischemic infarcts in a starfield pattern. Echocardiogram revealed a PFO. With supportive care, he improved and was discharged with planned outpatient PFO closure. One month later, he had complete symptom resolution with return to neurologic baseline. FES is a potentially devastating condition which may include cerebral fat embolism (CFE) with outcomes varying widely from mortality to complete recovery.
Optimizing Perioperative Fluid Management in Complex Abdominal Wall Reconstruction to Prevent Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Shelby Rita D. , Eiferman Daniel S. , Janis Jeffrey E.
Published: March 2022

Background

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious postoperative complication of abdominal wall reconstruction that can significantly impact outcomes of these patients. This study examines AKI following abdominal wall hernia repair to determine incidence and risk factors and outline potential mitigation strategies.

Methods

Using a single institution IRB-approved prospective database, patients undergoing complex abdominal wall reconstruction from 2013 to 2021 were identified. Patients with AKI were compared to controls and preoperative and intraoperative characteristics were evaluated. Multivariate analysis was utilized to identify factors associated with development of AKI.

Results

297 patients were reviewed, 21.2 % (n = 63 patients) had AKI. Patients with AKI had a greater decrease in postoperative GFR to preoperative GFR (40.5% vs 18.3%, p <0.0001). Factors associated with AKI included ASA score >2 (odds ratio (OR) = 2.10, [1.50; 5.12], p = 0.02), HTN (OR = 2.05, [1.05; 4.0], p = 0.04), higher baseline Cr (OR = 5.98, [2.56; 13.98], p <0.0001), and diabetes (OR = 0.135, [0.0275; 0.666], p = 0.01). Operative time was longer in patients who developed AKI [average 400 min (range: 278-510 min) vs 310 min (range: 260-374 min), p = 0.04] and was an independent predictor of developing AKI (OR = 319.59, [137.25; 744.65], p <0.0001).

Discussion

Preoperative identification of patients with medical comorbidities undergoing elective complex abdominal wall reconstruction continues to be imperative to improve outcomes. This study demonstrates that perioperative management for high risk patients requires flexibility, including potential adjustments to enhanced recovery after surgery protocols in order to adequately address the risks for AKI.
Outcomes From a Level 1 Trauma and Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program Center of Excellence
Authors: Anderson Tiffany N. , Williams Eric M. , Loftus Tyler J. , Johnson-Mann Crystal N. , Taylor Jessica E.
Published: March 2022

Trauma patients with obesity experience disparity in various outcomes. Similar to trauma centers, vetted credentialing is in practice for bariatric services. This study evaluates outcomes of trauma patients with obesity at a Level 1 Trauma Center and verified bariatric surgery center of excellence (BSCOE). The trauma registry was reviewed for individuals admitted between January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2020 who were age 19 years or older and stratified by World Health Organization body mass index (BMI). Various morbidity and mortality outcomes were examined. There were 20 788 patients included in this analysis. Intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS) was found to be statistically longer for patients with BMI >40. Overall results suggest that the infrastructure associated with this BSCOE may improve care for this specialized patient population.
Primary Breast Neuroendocrine Tumor
Authors: Jones V. Morgan , Cairns Ashley , Chiba Akiko , Howard-McNatt Marissa
Published: March 2022

Breast primary neuroendocrine tumors (BNETs) are rare, making up less than 1% of all breast carcinoma diagnosis. Their detection relies on physical exams and mammography. Diagnosis of primary BNET requires findings of no other source of neuroendocrine tumor (eg, pancreatic, lung, and appendix). Histopathologically, they typically stain positive for chromogranin A and/or synaptophysin, as do most neuroendocrine tumors. Currently, there are no agreed upon and standardized treatment protocols as it is a rare diagnosis. Treatment protocols are often built on anecdotal evidence and small case reports and series. Here we discuss a case of BNET in a 51-year-old female and discuss commonly encountered treatment protocols.
The Evolution of Bariatric Surgery—From Sewing Lips to Constructing the Sleeve
Authors: Qafiti Fred N. , Yi Slee , Marsh Amanda M. , Lopez-Viego Miguel A. , Buicko Jessica L.
Published: March 2022

Bariatric surgery remains the most durable weight loss option to address morbid obesity, providing lasting reduction of debilitating chronic comorbidities. This is a review of the historical milestones that led up to the development of this surgical practice. We explore perceptions and interventions for obesity as early as the 10th century, as well as pre-modern surgical perceptions and advancements in foregut and obesity surgery. Additionally, we recount select social and surgical landmarks in the modern bariatric era. The aim of this review is to reflect on and appreciate the centuries of progress that have led to such an instrumental branch of risk reductive surgery.
New Media Activism and Politics of Ecology in the People’s Republic of China
Authors: Joseph Justin , Karackattu Joe Thomas
Published: March 2022

The environmental sector is an interesting realm in Chinese politics to observe factors such as the contributions of new media activism in bottom-up communication and decision-making processes, especially during the 40 years of reform and opening up. Top-down efforts to curb environmental issues are primarily to address increasing pubic discomfort due to pollution and related problems. However, environmental movements are increasingly visible in China despite their application of stability maintenance mechanisms such as Environmental Police. It is therefore noteworthy to deeply analyse the factors that contribute to the increasing scale of movements in the country. This study examines the role of new media activism (occurring due to the public’s interactions through WeChat, Weibo, QQ, etc.) in shaping the trajectory of environmental movements in China. How are these avenues supporting alternative communication channels outside the mainstream policy making apparatus? Is the government willing to incorporate the interests developed in these channels to policymaking realms? How these behavioural changes are influencing the state–society relations in contemporary China in the context of increasing environmental concerns. The study employs agency-structure framework to analyse the interactions between new media activism and the single party ruling political structure with the support fieldwork data from China. The study examines policy documents, official declarations of the communist party, public attitude towards new media activism, and so on, in order to present a comprehensive understanding on the politics of ecology in the PRC.
(Un)making the established-outsiders figuration in anti-racist and migrant rights activism
Authors: Kuukkanen Mari
Published: March 2022

The article discusses recent anti-racist and migrant rights activism in Finland with the help of Norbert Elias’ figurational sociology and the concept of the established-outsiders figuration. The mobilisation of ‘outsiders’ (racialised minorities and migrants) has reordered the contemporary field and challenged the ‘established’ majority activists to reflect on their own practices. Through combining figurational and cultural perspectives, I compare the extent to which established liberal and left-libertarian activists, with their distinct ideological positions, have succeeded in transforming the power ratio between themselves and the outsiders. This article advances the use of the established-outsiders conceptualisation in cases where the established support, in principle, the outsiders’ inclusion. This helps to shed light on both the more covert and subtle ways through which the established reproduce their power as well as their agency in dismantling the power disparity.
Multidomain judging and administration of justice: evidence from a major emerging-market jurisdiction
Authors: Castelliano Caio , Grajzl Peter , Watanabe Eduardo
Published: March 2022

Inefficacious courts and limited judicial resources are a ubiquitous problem in many jurisdictions worldwide. To facilitate administration of justice, court administrators must therefore resort to unconventional practices. In Brazilian state and federal courts, judges normally assigned to the disposition of cases in a single domain are often directed to dispose cases in an additional domain, thus engaging in multidomain judging. Using a comprehensive court-level panel dataset, we investigate the consequences of multidomain judging for the efficacy of Brazilian administration of justice. In contrast to conventional wisdom, we find no evidence that multidomain judging reduces court efficacy in resolution of special-procedure cases and appeals to special-procedure cases. Multidomain judging evidently reduces court efficacy exclusively in the resolution of ordinary-procedure cases, and even then only when judges assigned to the disposition of those cases are instructed to additionally resolve special-procedure cases. We discuss plausible explanations for this and the policy implications of our findings.

Points for practitioners

Multidomain judging in Brazil is best viewed as a pragmatic policy response to binding resource constraints in justice administration. Our analysis reveals in what contexts multidomain judging does not appear to harm court efficacy and when, in contrast, a reduction in the extent of multidomain judging would improve court efficacy. Our article offers the first evidence-based insight into the efficacy repercussions of a pervasive yet understudied administrative practice in Brazilian courts. Because related administrative practices are known to exist in other jurisdictions, our findings have implications beyond Brazilian borders.
A Populist Foreign Policy? The Impact of the Trump Presidency on the Transatlantic Relation
Authors: Bustinduy Pablo
Published: March 2022

In recent years, a considerable attention has been paid to changes introduced by the Trump administration in the general orientation of the US foreign policy. Using the transatlantic relation as a prism for analysis, this article assesses different interpretations of rupture and continuity in Trump’s foreign policy. It does so by distinguishing two main theories of populism, as a political style and as a political logic, from which derive very different implications for the analysis of Trump’s foreign policy legacy, the future of the transatlantic relation and the plausibility of a ‘return to normalcy’ at a time of deep crisis of globalization.
Fatigue and static damage in curved woven fabric carbon fiber reinforced polymer laminates
Authors: Tasdemir Burcu , Coker Demirkan
Published: March 2022

Failure mechanisms of curved cross-ply laminates under static and fatigue loading have been studied extensively, but the examination of fabric laminates which are the most commonly used ply type in curved supports in airplane wing structures is lacking. In this study, unidirectional (UD) and fabric carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates are examined to elucidate the failure initiation mechanisms of laminated composites under fatigue and static loading. The crucial point of the research is applying the analyses using fabric laminate with a currently used stacking sequence in commercial airplanes. In addition to the fabric laminate, UD laminate is also included in the research to compare the real complex stacking with the simplest stacking. In the experiments, it is observed that both static and fatigue failures initiate roughly at the maximum radial stress location (approximately 35% of the thickness from the inner radius). For UD laminates, there is no visible difference between the failure mechanisms under static and fatigue loadings. However, for fabric laminates, fatigue failure is observed to occur as a single major crack at the maximum radial stress location as in UD laminates, whereas static failure is observed to occur as multiple diffusive cracks at the maximum radial stress location. Additionally, cracks grow mostly as intralaminar cracks connected with regions of occasional interlaminar cracks.
Characterization of low-velocity impact and post-impact damage of luffa mat composite using acoustic emission and digital image correlation
Authors: Grabi Massinissa , Chellil Ahmed , Habibi Mohamed , Grabi Hocine , Laperriere Luc
Published: March 2022

In this paper, low-velocity impact and compression after impact damage tolerance of composite reinforced with natural luffa mat were studied for the first time. The effect of impact energy and the influence of the damaged area on the residual mechanical properties under compression were investigated. Acoustic emission (AE), digital image correlation (DIC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used for the evolution of different damage modes and displacement fields. The findings of the experiments reveal that compression after impact tests of 1, 2, and 3J show a significant effect of the residual damage which decreases residual compressive strength by 12.61, 24.14, and 30.9%, respectively, compared to the unimpacted composite, but Young’s modulus was not significantly affected. Multivariable statistical analysis of the AE signals identified four classes of damage: matrix cracking, fiber-matrix debonding, delamination, and fiber failure. It also showed that the damage mode of unimpacted composites which presents the majority of the amplitude events of the AE signals is mainly due to fiber failure, by contrast, for impacted composites the damage mode is mainly due to fiber-matrix debonding. The AE results are convincing and they were confirmed by SEM images of the fractured faces of the specimens, which revealed the main causes of material failure during the compression after impact test. The DIC system monitored the effect of pre-existing damage under compressive loading and found that increasing impact energy increases the stress concentration around the impacted area and has a significant effect on residual crack development, much more in the loading direction.
Effect of loading frequency on the strain of MI-SiC/SiC composites
Authors: Gowayed Yasser , Ojard Greg , Miller Robert , Santhosh Unni , Ahmad Jalees
Published: March 2022

In this work, we tried to answer the question: what is the role loading frequency plays in strain accumulation during time-dependent tests of Melt-infiltrated SiC/SiC CMCs? Time-dependent tests were conducted at room temperature, 815°C as a possible temperature for the phenomenon of pesting, and 1204°C as an oxidizing temperature. Stress levels were selected from tensile stress–strain curves to range from 110.4 MPa where no major cracks could be detected to 220.8 MPa at the end of the knee region at a point of possible matrix crack saturation. Loading frequencies of 30 Hz and 1 Hz fatigue, and 2-h dwell-fatigue were investigated. Residual tensile strength tests of samples that did not fail during time-dependent experiments were carried out. Initial observations lead us to divide the question above to two parts, one addressing the value of the strain to failure and the other addressing the steady-state strain rates. Strain to failure during residual tests added to strain accumulated during time-dependent tests for 22 samples tested at different stresses, load frequencies, and temperatures had a consistent average of 0.005 with a small standard deviation. This could mean that there is a reasonable possibility that this material has a finite “strain capacity.” Strain versus time curves of all time-dependent tests were successfully fitted using a single 3-parameter equation while accounting for the effect of temperature and stress-level, to a reasonable extent. Such observation, despite of some of the variability in the data, could mean that loading frequency have a small, or negligible, effect on the strain-rate.