bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE STUDY OF PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS AS A CATEGORY OF MODERN ARMED CONFLICT: ESSENCE, CLASSIFICATION, PARTICULAR QUALITIES
Authors:   National Academy of the State Border Service of Ukraine named after Bohdan Khmelnytskyi, Mahas H. , Binkovskyi O. ,   National Academy of the State Border Service of Ukraine named after Bohdan Khmelnytskyi
Published: April 2023

Based on the experience of armed conflicts, the analysis of scientific and methodological literature and the legal framework, the article examines issues related to the theoretical foundations and practical use of information warfare tools in armed conflicts. The purpose of the article is to study and determine the essence, particular qualities and characteristics of psychological operations carried out during modern armed conflicts. Psychological operation is considered as a category of modern armed conflict, the essence, types, and particular qualities of various types of psychological operations are revealed. Psychological operation is the main element of psychological warfare. The essence of PO consists in the practical use in the conditions of armed struggle of a set of agreed, coordinated and interconnected tasks, place and time, objects and procedures of types, forms, methods and methods of psychological influence. One-time measures of psychological warfare involve short-term, targeted actions of special units or individual specialists, which differ in a certain nature and are carried out on a local scale. Psychological operations can be classified: 1) by terms of implementation (strategic, operational, tactical); 2) by the time of implementation (implemented in peacetime, implemented in wartime, implemented in peacekeeping operations); 3) by orientation (against the civilian population, against the enemy's troops, against the enemy's command, misleading the enemy, facilitating the opposition and dissident movements, carrying out cultural expansion and sabotage, consolidating psychological operations); 4) by types (conversion psychological operation, demarcation psychological operation, consolidation psychological war, psychological-propaganda operation, informational-psychological countermeasure).
PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF THE METHOD �ASSESSMENT OF NEGATIVE MENTAL REACTIONS AND STATES IN MILITARY SERVICEMEN� AND EXPERIENCE OF ITS USE IN SHORT-TERM PSYCHOLOGICAL RECOVERY
Authors:   The National academy of hte National Guard of Ukraine, Matsegora Ya. , Prikhodko I. ,   The National academy of hte National Guard of Ukraine, Kolesnychenko O. ,   The National academy of hte National Guard of Ukraine, Bayda M. ,   The National academy of the National Guard of Ukraine
Published: April 2023

The results of the developed methodology "Assessment of negative mental reactions and conditions in military personnel" are presented. The methodology consists of 16 statements, the results of which determine the presence of negative psychological symptoms in military personnel associated with participation in combat operations, and is a convenient tool for assessing the dynamics of the state in the conditions of short-term psychological rehabilitation programs. In contrast to the existing methods of diagnosing negative mental reactions and personality states that arose after participation in hostilities, the developed psychodiagnostic toolkit is able to take into account the physical and mental fatigue of the interviewees, the deterioration of their attention and other cognitive dysfunctions associated with experiencing a stressful experience; able to visually demonstrate changes in mental state that occurred during the psychological rehabilitation program. In addition to the information useful for the psychologist, during individual counseling, the visual form has a therapeutic effect for the serviceman himself, who is convinced of the effectiveness and usefulness of these measures; it is convenient for summarizing data and receiving feedback from the psychologist about the effectiveness of introducing new measures into psychological recovery programs; useful for obtaining information about the effectiveness of individual counseling work, providing the psychologist with a reflection on his professional activity. With the existing workload on psychologists, there is a need for supervision and their rotation in institutions that carry out psychological rehabilitation. The developed method was tested on a sample of more than 1,300 servicemen who took part in the psychological rehabilitation program.
A Study on the Use of English Writing Strategies by Personality Types of Adult English Learners
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Lee Younglim , Im Heejoo
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this paper is to explore English writing strategies according to personality types of college students. To this end, an online survey was conducted on 87 students enrolled in an university in Chungcheongnam-do. After measuring free online personality types questionnaire, participants completed the English writing strategies. The result of Bayesian independent mean t-test to find out the difference between two groups, intuitive type used more self-directed and socio/affective strategies among metacognitive strategies in English writing than the sensing type. The judging type used more metacognitive strategies and data search strategy in English writing than the perceiving type. This study suggests learning strategies and learning methods suitable for individual learners’ personality types and it is a crucial source of basic data in English writing to systematize teaching methods by personality types according to age and English proficiency.
“Musicking” by Christopher Small and the Direction of Music Education
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Kim Jihye
Published: April 2023

Recently, as the importance of the relationship between music and people, and between people who mediate music and society has been on the rise in music education, this study reflects on current music education based on Musicking(1998) written by Christopher Small and its follow-up studies. To discuss this study, the musicking was redefined by comparing the musicking of Christopher Small with musicing of David J. Elliot, and the direction of music education was suggested based on musicking of Small. Small stressed on the concept of experiences to focus on the musical behaviors while the musicing of Elliot was concentrated on the musical experiences which is “doing something.” Even though the fields of life, society, and living experience in music education have been emphasized, it is still necessary to look back on whether the current music education is just more focused on the result or efficiency of education, or life has a gap with music. Thus, the significance of this study is redefinition of the significance of music in modern society and suggestion for the direction of current music education.
A Literature Review of Social Identities: Focusing on the Multicultural Counseling Approach
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Kwak Younjeong , Choi Nayeun
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to review the literature on social identity research literature in the Korean Journal of Counseling and the Korean Journal of Psychological Association from 2000 to 2020. The final 31 articles were analyzed by year, research subject, and research method. Research results and future recommendations were identified by using Hays' ADDRESSING model and the Crenshaw‘s Intersectionality. With CQR-M(Hill, 2015), recommendations were coded in 9 and 4 themes in academic and practical recommendations respectively. For the qualitative analysis of academic recommendations, the intersectionality of research subjects, and the diversity of research variables were presented. The practical recommendations showed the strategies such as increasing awareness and social justice action at the community, institutional, and family level. It is meaningful in that it has presented a convergent and multidisciplinary methodology in a social science and new perspectives in Korean multicultural counseling.
A Study on the Current Status and Development Measures for E-learning Operations in Korean Institutions in 2022
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Yoon Haerim
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this study is to examine the current status of e-learning in Korea and to analyze e-learning operation cases in Korean public and private institutions. Indeed, through the aforementioned steps, the present study discusses e-learning operation issues and measures to develop e-learning in the future. Via literature reviews, the current status of e-learning is examined. Moreover, e-learning operation cases are investigated by visiting the e-learning websites of Korean public and private institutions that offered e-learning in 2022. Using the results of the case analysis, SWOT analysis is conducted, and based on the analyzed current status and issues of e-learning, plans for e-learning operations are discussed. The study results identify e-learning (Interactive, Edu-tech, Metaverse) issues and present solutions. It is true that the content of this study has limitations, since it only examines a few institutions. However, the study is significant, as it identifies the reality of e-learning and puts forth diverse perspectives on the direction of e-learning by assessing the current status and issues of Korean e-learning.
Exploring the Direction of Korea's Youth NEET Policy for the Future Talent Development
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Kim Eunbee , Kim Jinwon
Published: April 2023

The purpose of our paper is to derive the priority of the support policy for youth NEET. To this end, the youth NEET policy was summarized through the analysis of overseas youth NEET support policies and youth knit support policies of the domestic central and local governments, and based on this, the priority policy for youth NEET was sought through expert Delphi survey. As a result of the study, the most important prerequisite in the direction of youth NEET policy is the training program (Skills Link, Career Focus, Summer Work Experience, etc.) that has been operated with the aim of finding and maintaining jobs by helping young people accumulate skills and careers. Second, peer-to-peer support policies are necessary for the resolution of youth NEETs. Through this study, it is of practical significance in that it sought a direction to effectively realize the policy by seeking support policies necessary for youth NEET and clarifying the priorities of necessary policies.
Yoğun Bakım Ünitesinde yatan Covid-19'lu Gebe ve Lohusaların Mortalite Risk Faktörleri
Authors: KILIÇ İsa , ADANAS AYDIN Gültekin , TURAN ÖZSOY Hilal Gülsm , ÜNAL Serhat
Published: April 2023

Amaç: Bu çalışmada yoğun bakımda yatan COVID-19 tanılı gebe ve lohusalarda mortalite prediksiyon modeli oluşturarak APACHE II, SAPS II ve SOFA skorları ile karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Hastanemizin COVID-19 yoğun bakım ünitelerine yatan Covid-19 tanısı doğrulanmış gebe ve lohusaların demografik, laboratuvar, radyolojik ve klinik verileri geriye dönük olarak kaydedildi.

Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen 50 hastadan 13’ü kaybedildi. Yaş ortalaması ölen grupta 35.54±4.24 yıl, yaşayan grupta 30.03±4.91 yıl idi (p=0.002). Lojistik regresyon modeli, yaş, lenfopeni, yüksek CRP ve IL-6 düzeylerinin mortalite ile ilişkili olduğunu ortaya koydu. Modelin mortalite (AUC) için prediktif gücü 0.946±0.045 (p
YOĞUN BAKIM ÜNİTESİNDE AKUT BÖBREK HASTALIĞI TANISI OLAN OLGULARDA HEMODİYALİZ TEDAVİSİNİN MORTALİTEYE ETKİSİ
Authors: DENİZ KAHVECİOĞLU Esra , ÖZTÜRK Yasin , AYHAN İhsan
Published: April 2023

Amaç

Akut böbrek hastalığı (ABH), saatler-günler içinde böbrek fonksiyonlarının bozulması sonucu üremik toksinlere bağlı gelişebilen bir tablodur. Yoğun bakım ünitesindeki (YBÜ) hastalarda ABH gelişimi sık görülebilmektedir. Bu durum mortalite ve morbidite oranının artırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada YBÜ’de takip edilen ABH tanılı hastalarda, yapılan renal replasman tedavisinin (RRT) mortalite üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmek amaçlandı.

Gereç ve Yöntem

Araştırmamız hastanemiz 1 ocak 2017 ile 31 aralık 2017 yılları arasında YBÜ’de ABH nedenli yatırılan veya yatışından sonra ABH gelişen 104 hasta retrospektif olarak incelendi. ERBP (European Renal Best Practice) kriterlerine göre ABH 3 evrede sınıflandırılmış ve APACHE II (Acut Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II) skorlaması ile mortalite riski arasındaki ilişki belirtilmiştir. Hastalar hemodiyaliz alan ve almayanlar olarak iki gruba ayrılarak analiz edildi.

Bulgular

Çalışmadaki hastaların 59.6%’sı erkek, 40.6%’si kadınlardan oluşmaktadır. Hastaların YBÜ’ ye yatış sebeplerini değerlendirdiğimizde ilk sırada enfeksiyonlar, ikinci sırada ise ABH oluşturmaktadır. ERBP sınıflamasına göre hastaların %76.9’u evre 3 ‘te yer almakta olup mekanik ventilatör desteği almaktadır. Evre 3 te yer alan hastalarda RRT ihtiyacının artığı gözlendi (p
Diagnosis of Thyroid Carcinoma - Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Problem Solver
Authors: AKAY Emrah , ERDOĞAN Nezahat , ULUÇ Engin
Published: April 2023

Objective: Comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with color Doppler US and Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) in the differential diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma cases.

Materials and methods: Study group comprised 28 women and 6 men and all of them had thyroid hormone disorders in their routine examinations. 38 nodules were examined. After radiologic examinations, FNAC and thyroidectomy were applied.

Results: The dynamic MR was found to have the highest sensitivity and specificity between the color-Doppler US, FNAC, and dynamic MR modalities for the diagnosis of carcinoma. In the dynamic MR examination, the difference between the peak-contrast signal intensity values (p = 0.018) and the minimum-contrast signal intensity values (p = 0.023) calculated at the p < 0.05 level were statistically significant between the malignant and benign nodules.

Conclusions: We consider that the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules can be made by analyzing the dynamic MRI data. Malignant thyroid nodules show typical time-signal intensity curves, and we believe that dynamic MRI will be valuable for preoperative assessment of the thyroid nodules in certain conditions like radiology–pathology mismatch.
Akut bruselloz ve derin ven trombozu birlikteliği olan bir olgunun yönetimi
Authors: ŞAHİN Serpil , ÖNDER Taylan , ALKAN Sevil
Published: April 2023

Akut derin ven trombozu etyolojisinde birçok risk faktörü tanımlanmıştır. Akut derin ven trombozu ve toplum kökenli enfeksiyon birlikteliği olan vakalar literatürde bildirilmiştir. Ancak akut bruselloz ilişkili derin ven trombozu konusunda literatür bilgisi sınırlıdır. 36 yaşında çiftçilik ve hayvancılıkla uğraşan erkek hasta kliniğimize sol bacakta on gündür ağrı ve şişlik öyküsü şikayeti ile başvurdu. Hastaya akut derin ven trombozu tanısı konuldu. Hastanın ateşi olması sonucu yapılan ileri araştırmada akut bruselloz tanısı da kondu. Bruselloz ve akut derin ven trombozu tedavisi ile hasta tamamen iyileşti.
E-NABIZ SİSTEMİ KULLANIMI HAKKINDA ALGI DÜZEYLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ: ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİ ÜZERİNDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: KUŞCU Fatma Nuray , FİLİZ Emel
Published: April 2023

Bu araştırmada Hatay Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin E-nabız sistemi kullanımları hakkındaki algı düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Nicel araştırma türünden genel tarama modeliyle gerçekleştirilen bu araştırmanın amacı doğrultusunda; 2020-2021 eğitim-öğretim döneminde Hatay Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksekokulu’nda eğitim gören öğrenciler arasında tanımlayıcı türde örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenen 494 öğrenci araştırmanın örneklemini oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma amacı doğrultusunda çalışmaya katılan üniversite öğrencilerinin E-nabız sistemi kullanımları hakkındaki algı düzeylerinin belirlenmesine yönelik “E-Nabız Kullanım Algısı Ölçeği ve Kişisel Bilgi Formu” kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. E-Nabız Kullanım Algısı Ölçeği 23 madde ve 2 boyuttan, Kişisel Bilgi Formu ise katılımcıların sosyo-demografik özelliklerinin belirlenmesine yönelik 6 sorudan oluşmaktadır. Uygulanan ölçekler sonucunda veriler SPSS programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Ayrıca analiz yöntemi olarak; Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizi (ANOVA) ve t-testi analizleri kullanılmıştır. Yapılan araştırma sonuçlarına göre, E-Nabız Kullanım Algısı ölçeği ve alt boyutları ile cinsiyet arasında anlamlı farklılık olduğu; E-Nabız Kullanım Algısı ile yaş değişkeni arasında anlamlı farklılık olduğu fakat alt boyutlar ile arasında anlamlı farklılık olmadığı; E-Nabız Kullanım Algısı ve alt boyutları ile sınıf, eğitim görülen bölüm, kronik rahatsızlığı bulunma durumu ve son bir yıl içinde hastane başvuru sayısı değişkenleri ile aralarında anlamlı farklılık olmadığı belirlenmiştir.
Solar System Wave Packet and its Achievements
Authors: Soltani Abolfazl
Published: April 2023

If Titius-Bode Law (TBL) was only a relation between three, four or even five planets, then we could call it a coincidence, but when it is true for seven planets, plus Ceres and Pluto (nine objects), there is definitely a reason for it. Here, we show that, probably, the existence of a standing and cosinusoidal wave packet in solar system, with the wavelength 0.6 AU (AU represents the distance of Earth from the sun) and the phase constant ∅0=π/6, is the reason for TBL. In this article we obtain the equation of this wave packet. In this article we prove that without Solar System Wave Packet (SSWP), it is not possible to reach to the TBL from the protoplanetary disk of solar system. In the following of the article, based on the theory of SSWP, we will enter into the atomic field and arrive to a new atomic model.
Building Strong Health and Career Trajectories Through Translational Research
Authors: O'Leary M Elizabeth , White Marina , Nihouarn Sigurdardottir Julie , Scott Hailey , Jaramillo-Ospina Angela Marcela , Bake Shameena , Connor Kristin
Published: April 2023

Translational research (TR) is the movement of fundamental scientific discoveries into healthcare settings and population health policy, and parallels DOHaD research goals . Unfortunately, there is little guidance on how to become a translational researcher. To understand the opinions of DOHaD trainees towards TR, we conducted a workshop at the DOHaD World Congress 2022. We found that trainees were enthusiastic for their work to have translational impact, and that they feel that holistic, multidisciplinary solutions may lead to more generalisable research. However, there lacks support for TR career pathways, which may stall the execution of the long-term visions of the DOHaD agenda. We put forward recommendations for trainees to clarify their purpose in pursuing TR and for seeking relevant people and patronages to support their training. For mentors, training institutions and scientific societies, we recommend developing TR-specific programmes, and implementing training opportunities, networking events, and funding to support these endeavours.
Effects of stance control via hidden Markov model-based gait phase detection on healthy users of an active hip-knee exoskeleton
Authors: Sánchez-Manchola Miguel , Arciniegas-Mayag Luis , Múnera Marcela , Bourgain Maxime , Provot Thomas , Cifuentes Carlos A.
Published: April 2023

Introduction: In the past years, robotic lower-limb exoskeletons have become a powerful tool to help clinicians improve the rehabilitation process of patients who have suffered from neurological disorders, such as stroke, by applying intensive and repetitive training. However, active subject participation is considered to be an important feature to promote neuroplasticity during gait training. To this end, the present study presents the performance assessment of the AGoRA exoskeleton, a stance-controlled wearable device designed to assist overground walking by unilaterally actuating the knee and hip joints.

Methods: The exoskeleton’s control approach relies on an admittance controller, that varies the system impedance according to the gait phase detected through an adaptive method based on a hidden Markov model. This strategy seeks to comply with the assistance-as-needed rationale, i.e., an assistive device should only intervene when the patient is in need by applying Human-Robot interaction (HRI). As a proof of concept of such a control strategy, a pilot study comparing three experimental conditions (i.e., unassisted, transparent mode, and stance control mode) was carried out to evaluate the exoskeleton’s short-term effects on the overground gait pattern of healthy subjects. Gait spatiotemporal parameters and lower-limb kinematics were captured using a 3D-motion analysis system Vicon during the walking trials.

Results and Discussion: By having found only significant differences between the actuated conditions and the unassisted condition in terms of gait velocity (ρ = 0.048) and knee flexion (ρ ≤ 0.001), the performance of the AGoRA exoskeleton seems to be comparable to those identified in previous studies found in the literature. This outcome also suggests that future efforts should focus on the improvement of the fastening system in pursuit of kinematic compatibility and enhanced compliance.
Glutamine coated titanium for synergistic sonodynamic and photothermal on tumor therapy upon targeted delivery
Authors: Zhang Lina , Zhu Pengfeng , Wan Ting , Wang Huaiyan , Mao Zhilei
Published: April 2023

Introduction: The application of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) for cancer therapy has been studied for decades; however, the targeted delivery of TiO2 NPs to tumor tissues is challenging, and its efficiency needs to be improved.

Method: In this study, we designed an oxygen-deficient TiO2-x coated with glutamine layer for targeted delivery, as well as the enhanced separation of electrons (e-) and holes (h+) following the joint application of sonodynamic therapy (SDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT).

Results: This oxygen-deficient TiO2-x possesses relatively high photothermal and sonodynamic efficiency at the 1064 nm NIR-II bio-window. The GL-dependent design eased the penetration of the TiO2-x into the tumor tissues (approximately three-fold). The in vitro and in vivo tests showed that the SDT/PTT-based synergistic treatment achieved more optimized therapeutic effects than the sole use of either SDT or PTT.

Conclusion: Our study provided a safety targeted delivery strategy, and enhanced the therapeutic efficiency of SDT/PTT synergistic treatment.
Effect of corneal stiffness decrease on axial length elongation in myopia determined based on a mathematical estimation model
Authors: Ren Qi , Chu Zhe , Cui Wei , Cheng Lu , Su Wenjie , Cheng Hao , Wu Jie
Published: April 2023

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between the corneal material stiffness parameter stress-strain index (SSI) and axial length (AL) elongation with varying severities of myopia, based on a mathematical estimation model.

Methods: This single-center, cross-sectional study included data from healthy subjects and patients preparing for refractive surgery in the Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University. Data were collected from July 2021 to April 2022. First, we performed and tested an estimated AL model (ALMorgan) based on the mathematical equation proposed by Morgan. Second, we proposed an axial increment model (ΔAL) corresponding to spherical equivalent error (SER) based on ALemmetropia (ALMorgan at SER = 0) and subject’s real AL. Finally, we evaluated the variations of ΔAL with SSI changes based on the mathematical estimation model.

Results: We found that AL was closely associated with ALMorgan (r = 0.91, t = 33.8, p < 0.001) with good consistency and SER was negatively associated with ΔAL (r = −0.89, t = −30.7, p < 0.001). The association of SSI with AL, ALemmetropia, and ΔAL can be summarized using the following equations: AL=27.7−2.04×SSI, ALemmetropia=23.2+0.561×SSI, and ΔAL=4.52−2.6×SSI. In adjusted models, SSI was negatively associated with AL (Model 1: β = −2.01, p < 0.001) and ΔAL (Model 3: β = −2.49, p < 0.001) but positively associated with ALemmetropia (Model 2: β = 0.48, p < 0.05). In addition, SSI was negatively associated with ΔAL among subjects with AL ≥ 26 mm (β = −1.36, p = 0.02).

Conclusion: AL increased with decreasing SSI in myopia.
High absolute neutrophil count with type 2 diabetes is associated with adverse outcome in patients with coronary artery disease: A large-scale cohort study
Authors: He Jining , Lin Zhangyu , Song Chenxi , Zhang Rui , Wang Haoyu , Yuan Sheng , Bian Xiaohui , Dong Qiuting , Dou Kefei
Published: April 2023

Background

Inflammatory processes crucially modulate the development, progression, and outcomes of coronary artery disease (CAD). Since hyperglycemia could alter inflammatory responses, this study aimed to investigate the effect of ANC, a novel and rapidly available inflammatory biomarker, on the prognosis of patients undergoing PCI with or without type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods

A total of 7,826 patients with CAD hospitalized for PCI at Fuwai Hospital were consecutively recruited. According to the median ANC value, patients were stratified as having high ANC (ANC-H) or low ANC (ANC-L) and were further classified into four groups by T2D. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs), including all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, and target vessel revascularization.

Results

During a median follow-up of 2.4 years, 509 (6.5%) MACCEs were documented. Diabetic patients with increased ANC were at significantly higher risk of MACCEs (aHR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.21–1.99; P = 0.001) compared to those in the ANC-L/non-T2D group (P for interaction between T2D and ANC categories = 0.044). Meanwhile, multivariable regression analysis demonstrated the highest MACCE risk in diabetic patients with a higher level of ANC than others (P for trend <0.001).

Conclusion

This study suggests that stratification of patients with elevated ANC and T2D could provide prognostic information for CAD patients undergoing PCI.
Assessing and modeling hydrogen reactivity in underground hydrogen storage: A review and models simulating the Lobodice town gas storage
Authors: Tremosa Joachim , Jakobsen Rasmus , Le Gallo Yann
Published: April 2023

Underground Hydrogen storage (UHS) is a promising technology for safe storage of large quantities of hydrogen, in daily to seasonal cycles depending on the consumption requirements. The development of UHS requires anticipating hydrogen behavior to prevent any unexpected economic or environmental impact. An open question is the hydrogen reactivity in underground porous media storages. Indeed, there is no consensus on the effects or lack of geochemical reactions in UHS operations because of the strong coupling with the activity of microbes using hydrogen as electron donor during anaerobic reduction reactions. In this work, we apply different geochemical models to abiotic conditions or including the catalytic effect of bacterial activity in methanogenesis, acetogenesis and sulfate-reduction reactions. The models are applied to Lobodice town gas storage (Czech Republic), where a conversion of hydrogen to methane was measured during seasonal gas storage. Under abiotic conditions, no reaction is simulated. When the classical thermodynamic approach for aqueous redox reactions is applied, the simulated reactivity of hydrogen is too high. The proper way to simulate hydrogen reactivity must include a description of the kinetics of the aqueous redox reactions. Two models are applied to simulate the reactions of hydrogen observed at Lobodice gas storage. One modeling the microbial activity by applying energy threshold limitations and another where microbial activity follows a Monod-type rate law. After successfully calibrating the bio-geochemical models for hydrogen reactivity on existing gas storage data and constraining the conditions where microbial activity will inhibit or enhance hydrogen reactivity, we now have a higher confidence in assessing the hydrogen reactivity in future UHS in aquifers or depleted reservoirs.
A critical review of methods, principles and progress for estimating the gross primary productivity of terrestrial ecosystems
Authors: Liao Zhangze , Zhou Binghuang , Zhu Jingyu , Jia Hongyu , Fei Xuehai
Published: April 2023

The gross primary productivity (GPP) of terrestrial ecosystems reflects the total amount of organic carbon assimilated by vegetation through photosynthesis per given unit of time and area, which represents the largest carbon flux in carbon budget and plays a fundamental part in the carbon cycle. However, challenges such as determining how to select appropriate methods to improve GPP estimation accuracy at the regional/global scale remain. Therefore, it is of great importance to comprehensively review the research progress on the methods for estimating the GPP of terrestrial ecosystems and to summarize their flaws, merits and application fields. In this study, we reviewed studies of GPP estimation at different spatiotemporal scales, and systematically reviewed the principles, formulas, representative methods (Ground observations, Model simulations, SIF based GPP, and NIRv based GPP) at different scales and models (Statistical/Ecological process/Machine learning/Light use efficiency models), as well as the advantages and limitations of each research method/models. A comprehensive comparison of GPP research methods was performed. We expect that this work will provide some straightforward references for researchers to further understand and to choose appropriate models for assessing forest ecosystem GPP according to the research objectives and area. Thus, critical and effective GPP estimation methods can be established for the terrestrial carbon cycle, carbon neutralization accounting and local carbon emission reduction policy formulation and implementation.
Genetic variants in genes involved in creatine biosynthesis in patients with severe obesity or anorexia nervosa
Authors: Rajcsanyi Luisa S. , Hoffmann Anne , Ghosh Adhideb , Matrisch-Dinkler Birgit , Zheng Yiran , Peters Triinu , Sun Wenfei , Dong Hua , Noé Falko , Wolfrum Christian , Herpertz-Dahlmann Beate , Seitz Jochen , de Zwaan Martina , Herzog Wolfgang , Ehrlich Stefan , Zipfel Stephan , Giel Katrin , Egberts Karin , Burghardt Roland , Föcker Manuel , Tsai Linus T. , Müller Timo D. , Blüher Matthias , Hebebrand Johannes , Hirtz Raphael , Hinney Anke
Published: April 2023

Increased thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue might have an obesity-reducing effect in humans. In transgenic mice, depletion of genes involved in creatine metabolism results in disrupted thermogenic capacity and altered effects of high-fat feeding on body weight. Data analyses of a sex-stratified genome-wide association study (GWAS) for body mass index (BMI) within the genomic regions of genes of this pathway (CKB, CKMT1B, and GATM) revealed one sex-dimorphic BMI-associated SNP in CKB (rs1136165). The effect size was larger in females than in males. A mutation screen of the coding regions of these three candidate genes in a screening group (192 children and adolescents with severe obesity, 192 female patients with anorexia nervosa, and 192 healthy-lean controls) identified five variants in each, CKB and GATM, and nine variants in the coding sequence of CKMT1B. Non-synonymous variants identified in CKB and CKMT1B were genotyped in an independent confirmation study group (781 families with severe obesity (trios), 320 children and adolescents with severe obesity, and 253 healthy-lean controls). In silico tools predicted mainly benign yet protein-destabilizing potentials. A transmission disequilibrium test in trios with severe obesity indicated an obesity-protective effect of the infrequent allele at rs149544188 located in CKMT1B. Subsequent correlation analyses in 1,479 individuals of the Leipzig Obesity BioBank revealed distinct correlations of CKB with the other two genes in omental visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). Furthermore, between-subject comparisons of gene expression levels showed generally higher expressions of all three genes of interest in VAT than in SAT. Future in vitro analyses are needed to assess the functional implications of these findings.
The effect of acupuncture on pain and swelling of arthritis animal models: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yu Wei-Lien , Kim Seung-Nam
Published: April 2023

Arthritis, the inflammation of joints, attributes to the patient’s pain, joint deformation, and limited range of motion. Emerging studies have shown the effects of acupuncture on different types of arthritis. We aimed to assess the effects of acupuncture on arthritis animal models and summarize the related mechanisms. We retrieved studies that met our criteria from PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Research Information Service System. The quality assessment was evaluated by using the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation’s risk of bias tool. The pain withdrawal latency, pain withdrawal threshold, and paw volume data were digitized using Engauge Digitizer software. The meta-analysis was performed, and the figures were generated using RevMan software. The meta-analysis of data from 21 animal studies revealed that acupuncture increased tolerance to pain stimuli, and reduced swelling in arthritis animals. Although the number of included studies is insufficient, the results suggest acupuncture to be effective in improving arthritis-induced inflammation and pain by regulating the nervous and immune system.
Bispecific NK-cell engager targeting BCMA elicits stronger antitumor effects and produces less proinflammatory cytokines than T-cell engager
Authors: Xiao Xinghui , Cheng Ying , Zheng Xiaodong , Fang Yuhang , Zhang Yu , Sun Rui , Tian Zhigang , Sun Haoyu
Published: April 2023

Bispecific antibodies have attracted more attention in recent years for the treatment of tumors, in which most of them target CD3, which mediates the killing of tumor cells by T cells. However, T-cell engager may cause serious side effects, including neurotoxicity and cytokine release syndrome. More safe treatments are still needed to address unmet medical needs, and NK cell-based immunotherapy is a safer and more effective way to treat tumors. Our study developed two IgG-like bispecific antibodies with the same configuration: BT1 (BCMA×CD3) attracted T cells and tumor cells, while BK1 (BCMA×CD16) attracted NK cells and tumor cells. Our study showed that BK1 mediated NK cell activation and upregulated the expression of CD69, CD107a, IFN-γ and TNF. In addition, BK1 elicited a stronger antitumor effect than BT1 both in vitro and in vivo. Combinatorial treatment (BK1+BT1) showed a stronger antitumor effect than either treatment alone, as indicated by in vitro experiments and in vivo murine models. More importantly, BK1 induced fewer proinflammatory cytokines than BT1 both in vitro and in vivo. Surprisingly, BK1 reduced cytokine production in the combinatorial treatment, suggesting the indispensable role of NK cells in the control of cytokine secretion by T cells. In conclusion, our study compared NK-cell engagers and T-cell engagers targeting BCMA. The results indicated that NK-cell engagers were more effective with less proinflammatory cytokine production. Furthermore, the use of NK-cell engagers in combinatorial treatment helped to reduce cytokine secretion by T cells, suggesting a bright future for NK-cell engagers in clinical settings.
Bacillus megaterium Renuspore® as a potential probiotic for gut health and detoxification of unwanted dietary contaminants
Authors: Simon Annie , Colom Joan , Mazhar Shahneela , Khokhlova Ekaterina , Deaton John , Rea Kieran
Published: April 2023

Exposure to diverse environmental pollutants and food contaminants is ever-increasing. The risks related to the bioaccumulation of such xenobiotics in the air and food chain have exerted negative effects on human health, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, DNA damage, gastrointestinal disorders, and chronic diseases. The use of probiotics is considered an economical and versatile tool for the detoxification of hazardous chemicals that are persistent in the environment and food chain, potentially for scavenging unwanted xenobiotics in the gut. In this study, Bacillus megaterium MIT411 (Renuspore®) was characterized for general probiotic properties including antimicrobial activity, dietary metabolism, and antioxidant activity, and for the capacity to detoxify several environmental contaminants that can be found in the food chain. In silico studies revealed genes associated with carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism, xenobiotic chelation or degradation, and antioxidant properties. Bacillus megaterium MIT411 (Renuspore®) demonstrated high levels of total antioxidant activities, in addition to antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, and Campylobacter jejuni in vitro. The metabolic analysis demonstrated strong enzymatic activity with a high release of amino acids and beneficial short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Moreover, Renuspore® effectively chelated the heavy metals, mercury and lead, without negatively impacting the beneficial minerals, iron, magnesium, or calcium, and degraded the environmental contaminants, nitrite, ammonia, and 4-Chloro-2-nitrophenol. These findings suggest that Renuspore® may play a beneficial role in supporting gut health metabolism and eliminating unwanted dietary contaminants.
Symbiosis preservation: Putative regulation of fatty acyl-CoA reductase by miR-31a within the symbiont harboring bacteriome through tsetse evolution
Authors: Lee Mason H. , Hu Gangqing , Rio Rita V. M.
Published: April 2023

Tsetse flies are the sole vectors of African trypanosomes. In addition to trypanosomes, tsetse harbor obligate Wigglesworthia glossinidia bacteria that are essential to tsetse biology. The absence of Wigglesworthia results in fly sterility, thus offering promise for population control strategies. Here, microRNA (miRNAs) and mRNA expression are characterized and compared between the exclusive Wigglesworthia-containing bacteriome and adjacent aposymbiotic tissue in females of two evolutionarily distant tsetse species (Glossina brevipalpis and G. morsitans). A total of 193 miRNAs were expressed in either species, with 188 of these expressed in both species, 166 of these were novel to Glossinidae, and 41 miRNAs exhibited comparable expression levels between species. Within bacteriomes, 83 homologous mRNAs demonstrated differential expression between G. morsitans aposymbiotic and bacteriome tissues, with 21 of these having conserved interspecific expression. A large proportion of these differentially expressed genes are involved in amino acid metabolism and transport, symbolizing the essential nutritional role of the symbiosis. Further bioinformatic analyses identified a sole conserved miRNA::mRNA interaction (miR-31a::fatty acyl-CoA reductase) within bacteriomes likely catalyzing the reduction of fatty acids to alcohols which comprise components of esters and lipids involved in structural maintenance. The Glossina fatty acyl-CoA reductase gene family is characterized here through phylogenetic analyses to further understand its evolutionary diversification and the functional roles of members. Further research to characterize the nature of the miR-31a::fatty acyl-CoA reductase interaction may find novel contributions to the symbiosis to be exploited for vector control.
PRIMA-1 inhibits Y220C p53 amyloid aggregation and synergizes with cisplatin in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Paz Mariana M. , Ferretti Giulia D. S. , Martins-Dinis Mafalda M. C. , Ferreira Beatriz I. S. , Faier-Pereira Amanda , Barnoud Thibaut , Moreira Otacilio C. , Silva Jerson L. , Cordeiro Yraima , Rangel Luciana P.
Published: April 2023

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although many therapeutic options are available, several factors, including the presence of p53 mutations, impact tumor development and therapeutic resistance. TP53 is the second most frequently mutated gene in HCC, comprising more than 30% of cases. Mutations in p53 result in the formation of amyloid aggregates that promote tumor progression. The use of PRIMA-1, a small molecule capable of restoring p53, is a therapeutic strategy to pharmacologically target the amyloid state mutant p53. In this study, we characterize an HCC mutant p53 model for the study of p53 amyloid aggregation in HCC cell lines, from in silico analysis of p53 mutants to a 3D-cell culture model and demonstrate the unprecedented inhibition of Y220C mutant p53 aggregation by PRIMA-1. In addition, our data show beneficial effects of PRIMA-1 in several “gain of function” properties of mutant-p53 cancer cells, including migration, adhesion, proliferation, and drug resistance. We also demonstrate that the combination of PRIMA-1 and cisplatin is a promising approach for HCC therapy. Taken together, our data support the premise that targeting the amyloid-state of mutant p53 may be an attractive therapeutic approach for HCC, and highlight PRIMA-1 as a new candidate for combination therapy with cisplatin.
Can the fNIRS-derived neural biomarker better discriminate mild cognitive impairment than a neuropsychological screening test?
Authors: Park Jin-Hyuck
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Early detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a pre-clinical stage of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), has been highlighted as it could be beneficial to prevent progression to AD. Although prior studies on MCI screening have been conducted, the optimized detection way remain unclear yet. Recently, the potential of biomarker for MCI has gained a lot of attention due to a relatively low discriminant power of clinical screening tools.

Methods

This study evaluated biomarkers for screening MCI by performing a verbal digit span task (VDST) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to measure signals from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) from a group of 84 healthy controls and 52 subjects with MCI. The concentration changes of oxy-hemoglobin (HbO) were explored during the task in subject groups.

Results

Findings revealed that significant reductions in HbO concentration were observed in the PFC in the MCI group. Specially, the mean of HbO (mHbO) in the left PFC showed the highest discriminant power for MCI, which was higher than that of the Korean version of montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA-K) widely used as a screening tool for MCI. Furthermore, the mHbO in the PFC during the VDST was identified to be significantly correlated to the MoCA-K scores.

Discussion

These findings shed new light on the feasibility and superiority of fNIRS-derived neural biomarker for screening MCI.
An immunoinformatic approach to assessing the immunogenic capacity of alpha-neurotoxins in elapid snake venoms
Authors: Chan Yi Wei , Tan Choo Hock , Heh Choon Han , Tan Kae Yi
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Most elapid snakes produce venoms that contain alpha-neurotoxins (α-NTXs), which are proteins that cause post-synaptic blockade and paralysis in snakebite envenoming. However, existing elapid antivenoms are known for their low potency in neutralizing the neurotoxic activity of α-NTXs, while the immunological basis has not been elucidated.

Methods: In this study, a structure-based major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII) epitope predictor of horse (Equus caballus), complemented with DM-editing determinant screening algorithm was adopted to assess the immunogenicity of α-NTXs in the venoms of major Asiatic elapids (Naja kaouthia, Ophiophagus hannah, Laticauda colubrina, Hydrophis schistosus, Hydrophis curtus).

Results: The scoring metric M2R, representing the relative immunogenic performance of respective α-NTXs, showed all α-NTXs have an overall low M2R of <0.3, and most of the predicted binders feature non-optimal P1 anchor residues. The M2R scores correlate strongly (R2 = 0.82) with the potency scores (p-score) generated based on the relative abundances of α-NTXs and the neutralization potency of commercial antivenoms.

Discussion: The immunoinformatic analysis indicates that the inferior antigenicity of α-NTXs is not only due to their small molecular size but also the subpar immunogenicity affected by their amino acid composition. Structural modification with conjugation and synthetic epitope as immunogen may potentially enhance the immunogenicity for improved antivenom potency against α-NTXs of elapid snakes.
Multi-omics reveals Dengzhan Shengmai formulation ameliorates cognitive impairments in D-galactose-induced aging mouse model by regulating CXCL12/CXCR4 and gut microbiota
Authors: Hou Jing-Yi , Xu He , Cao Guang-Zhao , Tian Liang-Liang , Wang Li-Han , Zhu Nai-Qiang , Zhang Jing-Jing , Yang Hong-Jun
Published: April 2023

Dengzhan Shengmai (DZSM), a traditional Chinese medicine formulation, has been administered extensively to elderly individuals with cognitive impairment (CI). However, the underlying mechanisms by which Dengzhan Shengmai improves cognitive impairment remains unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanism of the effect of Dengzhan Shengmai on aging-associated cognitive impairment via a comprehensive combination of transcriptomics and microbiota assessment. Dengzhan Shengmai was orally administered to a D-galactose-induced aging mouse model, and evaluation with an open field task (OFT), Morris water maze (MWM), and histopathological staining was performed. Transcriptomics and 16S rDNA sequencing were applied to elucidate the mechanism of Dengzhan Shengmai in alleviating cognitive deficits, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and immunofluorescence were employed to verify the results. The results first confirmed the therapeutic effects of Dengzhan Shengmai against cognitive defects; specifically, Dengzhan Shengmai improved learning and impairment, suppressed neuro loss, and increased Nissl body morphology repair. Comprehensive integrated transcriptomics and microbiota analysis indicated that chemokine CXC motif receptor 4 (CXCR4) and its ligand CXC chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) were targets for improving cognitive impairments with Dengzhan Shengmai and also indirectly suppressed the intestinal flora composition. Furthermore, in vivo results confirmed that Dengzhan Shengmai suppressed the expression of CXC motif receptor 4, CXC chemokine ligand 12, and inflammatory cytokines. This suggested that Dengzhan Shengmai inhibited CXC chemokine ligand 12/CXC motif receptor 4 expression and modulated intestinal microbiome composition by influencing inflammatory factors. Thus, Dengzhan Shengmai improves aging-related cognitive impairment effects via decreased CXC chemokine ligand 12/CXC motif receptor 4 and inflammatory factor modulation to improve gut microbiota composition.
Non-local residual symmetry and soliton-cnoidal periodic wave interaction solutions of the KdV6 equation
Authors: Zhang Luwei , Cheng Xueping , Yang Wei , Zhao Zhangxuan
Published: April 2023

The residual symmetry of the KdV6 equation is obtained by the Painlevé truncate expansion. Since the residual symmetry is non-local, five field quantities are introduced to localize it into the local one. Besides, the interaction solutions between solitons and cnoidal periodic waves of the KdV6 equation are constructed by making use of the consistent tanh expansion method. As an illustration, a specific interaction solution in the form of tanh function and Jacobian elliptic function is discussed both analytically and graphically.