bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 Vaccines: Development, Efficacy, Safety, and Global Distribution
Authors: Bilegtsaikhan Tsolmon
Published: September 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has had a profound impact on global public health, healthcare systems, and economies. The development and deployment of safe and effective vaccines have been a critical component of the global response to the pandemic. In this review, we provide an overview of COVID-19 vaccine development, including the various vaccine platforms used, the evaluation of vaccine efficacy and safety, and the challenges and strategies related to global vaccine distribution and administration. We also discuss the implications of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants for vaccine effectiveness and future research directions.
Desafíos de la Educación Media: Deserción Escolar y sus Implicaciones
Authors: Castillo Noboa Esteban Mauricio , Santillán-Lima Juan Carlos
Published: September 2023

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Ética, integridad y responsabilidad social como fundamentos dela gobernanza estatal: El caso peruano
Authors: Zapata Carnaqué Esperanza Marlene , Laura Pachas Joselin Antonio
Published: September 2023

Este estudio se concentra en la importancia de la ética, integridad y responsabilidad social en la gobernanza estatal, con un enfoque en el contexto peruano. La ética, que comprende los principios morales que guían las acciones individuales y organizacionales, desempeña un papel fundamental en la construcción de la confianza y legitimidad en el gobierno. Sin embargo, la integridad se encuentra amenazada en ciertos sectores debido a la persistente corrupción, lo que socava la confianza pública y afecta la eficacia de la gobernanza.La metodología cualitativa utilizada incluyó una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura existente, así como el análisis de documentos legales, regulaciones y políticas gubernamentales relacionadas con la ética, integridad y responsabilidad social. Además, se llevaron a cabo veinticuatro entrevistas en profundidad con funcionarios gubernamentales, expertos en ética y líderes de la sociedad civil, con el propósito de obtener una perspectiva completa y variada sobre la cuestión.Los resultados subrayaron la necesidad de que el gobierno peruano adopte una responsabilidad social más integral, que vaya más allá de la mejora de la infraestructura y los servicios públicos, abordando aspectos cruciales como la educación, la salud y la equidad social.Se concluye que,en el contexto peruano, la ética, integridad y responsabilidad social son elementos fundamentales para lograr una gobernanza estatal efectiva. La promoción de una cultura ética, el fortalecimiento de la integridad mediante medidas anticorrupción y la mejora de la responsabilidad social gubernamental con políticas y programas integrales son esenciales para satisfacer las necesidades de la sociedad y construir un gobierno confiable en una sociedad peruana en constante cambio.
Motor skills and verbal fluency in HIV positive older adults in Rural Eastern Zambia
Authors: Kayungwa F , Serpell R , Heaton R
Published: September 2023

Objectives: To investigate the performance of HIV infected older adults resident in a rural area in Eastern Zambia with low education level on the motor skills and verbal fluency.Materials and Methods: A quantitative and cross sectional study consisting of 28 HIV positive and 22 HIV negative rural resident adults in Chipata with the age range of 40-65years with fewer than five years of education. The present sub study extended the generalisability of the Zambia Neurobehavioral Test Battery (ZNTB) findings with literate, urban adults in the main study to a sample of less formally educated, elderly, rural adults, using tests of motor skill and some verbal fluency tests translated into local language, that were not expected to depend on formal education. The main sample study included 41 participants with the education range of 5-7 years drawn from the main sample in the 6 clinics in Lusaka. Some aspects of the ZNTB were used to measure cognitive functioning. The Finger Tapping Test of the Developmental Neuropsychological Test Battery was also used.Results: Tests of motor skill were less sensitive to HIV infection (F (1, 48) = 1.134, p= .292) than verbal fluency tests-Hopkins Verbal Learning (F (1, 48) = 42.994, p=.000, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test- delay (F (1, 48) = 45.886, p= .000, Animal Naming (F(1, 48) = 14.772, p= .000 and Action Naming (F (1, 48) = 14.227, p= .000). Contrary to hypothesis, performance on the grooved pegboard test of motor skill was significantly higher by participants with full primary education (Z score= -0.90) than by less educated participants (Z score= 1.80).Conclusions: This study has brought to light what was not known about the effect of HIV and education on the performance of the motor tasks and verbal fluency among the low literate adults. It has shown that regardless of the HIV status individuals can perform tasks normally on the motor tasks more especially with the improved treatment of HIV.
Bacteriology of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media among Children at the Arthur Davidson Children's Hospital, Ndola, Zambia
Authors: Matundwelo N , Mwansasu C S
Published: September 2023

Objectives: The study aimed to determine the bacteria that cause CSOM and their  sensitivity to drugs used in children attending at the Ear Nose and Throat (ENT) clinic at Arthur Davidson Children's Hospital(ADCH) in Ndola.Methodology: It was a retrospective descriptive hospital based cross sectional  study whereby the medical files of 60 patients aged between 0-15 years who diagnosed with CSOM from January 2014 to January 2016 at Arthur Davison  Children Hospital were reviewed and the socio-demographic data, type of bacteria isolated and their antibiotic sensitivity were analysed using quantitative methods  Statistical Package for the Social Sciences(SPSS version 16.0).Results: Of the 60 patients included in the study, more than half (56.7%) of the  participants were 7 years old or younger and majority (86.7%) of participants came from high density areas. CSOM seemed to be more common in females (55%) thanmales (45%). The common organisms isolated included; Staphylococcus species (36%), Proteus vulgaris species (35%), Pseudomonas species (15%),  Streptococcus species (7%), E. coli species (3%), Enterobacter species (2%) and Serratia marcens species (2%). Antimicrobial sensitivity tests showed that Ciprofloxacin was more sensitive to most of the microbial isolates.Conclusion: It is important to know that Staphylococcus was the commonest isolated pathogen responsible for CSOM at ADCH. This will ensure success in the choice of suitable antibiotics according to susceptibility tests as they guide the treatment and thus reduce complications of CSOM and curbing resistance to  antibiotics.
Echoviruses diagnosed in two Children presenting with Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP): An Illustration of the Evolving role of the Zambian AFP Surveillance Programme in the Absence of Polio
Authors: Mazaba ML , Ndumba IM , Mpabalwani E , Kasolo F , Mufunda J , Chizema E , Monze M
Published: September 2023

Background: The Enteric Cytopathic Human Orphan virus commonly referred to by  the acronym ECHO virus has been known to cause acute flaccid paralysis (AFP). Zambia has since 1993 run a national AFP surveillance program to primarily detect and confirm poliomyelitis cases. Through this program other enteroviruses have  been confirmed to be associated to the non-polio cases. We describe two patients with acute flaccid paralysis presenting like poliomyelitis and yet are non-polio cases associated with ECHO virus.Case reports: In March 1995, a 2 year old male from Misisi compound, presented at the UTH with muscle weakness and paralysis of sudden onset. Aside from the acute flaccid paralysis presenting in both legs and arms, the child had no other signs of  symptoms of significance. Laboratory investigations using the WHO polio laboratory network standard protocols revealed the  presence of ECHO 7 virus. In April 1995, a 4 year old girl from Kamwala South in Lusaka presented at the UTH with symptoms and signs of AFP of asymmetrical presentation affecting the Left upper and lower limbs, fever and sore throat. Two stool  specimens collected for laboratory analysis revealed the presence of Echovirus untyped.Discussion: AFP is a neurological condition primarily suspected as a poliomyelitis commonly seen in children below 15 years defined by sudden onset of weakness and floppiness affecting usually one or more limbs. Laboratory analysis has revealedother viruses including the Echovirus being associated with acute flaccid paralysis. This case series reveals Echovirus 7 and Echovirus untyped as being associated with AFP cases that presented to the UTH initially suspected to be poliomyelitis.Conclusion: The clinical manifestations and laboratory results provide evidence of ECHO virus causing acute flaccid paralysis similar to that caused by polio virus. The last wild polio cases circulating in Zambia were in 2001. It is important that Zambia continues to investigate other causes of AFP for clinical decision making, scientific documentation and policy guidance.
Bipolar Disorder in Child Psychiatric Practice: A Case Report
Authors: Tsarkov A , Petlovanyi P.
Published: September 2023

Bipolar disorder in children is unrecognized for many reasons including lack of awareness, diagnostic confusion, and the different clinical picture in children. The disorder has not been well studied in prepubertal children, despite its potentially debilitating effects on growth and development. It may be comorbid with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conduct disorder (CD) or it may demonstrate features of ADHD and CD. A bipolar child should be treated using a biopsychosocial approach. We present the case of a 11- year-old Zambian girl with Bipolar disorder comorbid with ADHD and Anxiety disorder (AD). Treatment issues are discussed, and some reasons for the urgency of early recognition and treatment are explained. To the best of our knowledge this is the first documented pediatric case of BD from Zambia.
Progress of WHO Zambia towards the WHO Reforms through Transformation Agenda
Authors: Musumali M , Sikazwe A
Published: September 2023

Background: WHO is going through reforms which started in 2011. The Reform process intensified when the WHO was put to the test during the Ebola outbreak in West Africa in 2014. Weaknesses observed raised widely expressed concern about the response of the WHO in emergencies. Dwindling financial resources and multiple partners interested in its mandate also largely contributed to WHO reforms. WHO African Region introduced the Transformation Agenda programme in 2015 designed to accelerate implementation of WHO reforms within Africa. This study documents progress made in the implementation of Transformation Agenda within the Zambian context with rationale to communicate effectively and share lessons with partners internal and external to the WHO.

Method: The task was undertaken through desk review and analysis of key documents including annual reports, quarterly performance reports, budget implementation reports, end of biennium reports, year 2015 external audit report and other related documents with an emphasis on practices, past performance and domestication of Transformation Agenda within Zambian context. Key informant interviews with relevant staff from WHO, Ministry of Health, other UN agencies and partners were done. Visits were also undertaken to all four zonal offices where WHO staff were strategically deployed in line with Transformation Agenda tenets.

Results: Focus was on 4 tenets of transformation agenda. Within framework of smart technical focus, WHO Zambia deployed staff to 4 zonal offices where they are mostly desired within framework of Integrated Diseases Surveillance and Response and positioned strategic resources for activities. This has resulted in speedy confirmation and response to outbreaks. On pro-results values, WHO has enhanced leadership, managerial and technical skills improvement and Human Resource in house training. Regarding communicating effectively, WHO Zambia is reinforcing its external communication through publication of manuscripts online for easy electronic archiving and retrieval. Newsletters, Newsflashes, Annual reports are also being produced and widely disseminated. Collaboration with increasing number of partners has also been adopted as part of partnership. With responsive strategic operations, WHO Zambia adopted key performance indicators to measure performance.

Conclusion:   WHO Zambia has domesticated Transformation Agenda which has resulted in early disease detection and response as well as effective communication internally and externally, accountability through enhanced internal controls and capacity building.
Relativity with Hubble Constant as Velocity Equivalent of Position
Authors:   Center for astrophysics, University of Science and Technology of China, Yao Qiankai ,   School of Physics and Engineering, Zhengzhou University,   College of Science, Henan University of Technology
Published: September 2023

Based on a plain belief that the cosmic space should be a unified whole with universal connection, rather than a patchwork of unconnected domain blocks, we reassess Hubble law as a short-range characterization of electromagnetic interaction and Hubble constant as velocity equivalent of position. If so, it is necessary to develop a matching transformation to work for relativity, which can ensure that the causal chain is not broken and the physical description is complete. To this end, we unify space and motion into a full-velocity concept and reshape Minkowski space into a pseudo-Minkowski one confined by an unreachable physical horizon. In the reshaped, all parts are physically allowed for unobstructed communication with each other, and the transformation that keeps physical laws including Hubble law invariant, is full-velocity Lorentz transformation, under which length contraction, time dilation and historization effect are discussed. Meanwhile, as a static solution of Einstein equation, the pseudo-Minkowski universe not only can reproduce the effective results of expansion model, but also derive the background radiation temperature and Hubble constant, etc.. Especially, it provides an analytic solution of gravitational field around mass without the singularity of event horizon.
Intelligent Educational Recommendation Platform with AI Chatbots
Authors: Kingchang Thanarat , Chatwattana Pinanta , Wannapiroon Panita
Published: September 2023

The objectives of this research were as follows. 1) Analyze the intelligent educational recommendation platform with AI Chatbots. 2) Design the architecture of the intelligent educational recommendation platform with AI Chatbots. 3) Develop the architecture of the intelligent educational recommendation platform with AI Chatbots. 4) Study the appropriateness of developing the intelligent educational recommendation platform with AI Chatbots. The sample used in the research was seven experts in information system development from various institutions in higher education. The architecture of the intelligent educational recommendation platform with AI Chatbots there is two main components: 1) Stakeholders consisting of system administrators and external users, and 2) The working process of the intelligent educational recommendation platform with AI Chatbots consists of four parts including natural language processing, dialog management, database and application programming interface (API), and response generation. Assessment of the appropriateness of the architecture of the intelligent educational recommendation platform with AI Chatbots found that 1) the architecture of the intelligent educational recommendation platform with AI Chatbots, overall at a high appropriated, 2) the architecture of the intelligent educational recommendation platform with AI Chatbots, an individual element at a high appropriated, and 3) the architecture of the intelligent educational recommendation platform with AI Chatbots, Integrated elements at a high appropriated. As described earlier, the architecture of the intelligent educational recommendation platform with AI Chatbots can be a guideline for developing with AI Chatbots in the future.
Developing a Program to Strengthen Academic Leadership of Primary School Administrators in Northeast of Thailand
Authors: Kanchak Neratchara , Tesaputa Kowat , Noisombut Hatai
Published: September 2023

This research aimed: 1) to investigate components and indicators of academic leadership of primary school administrators; 2) to explore existing situation and desirable situation, and assessment the needs to enhance academic leadership of primary school administrators; and 3) to develop a program to strengthen academic leadership of primary school administrators. Mixed methods research was employed which divided into three phases. The 1st phase was investigation of components and indicators of academic leadership of primary school administrators and verify by 7 experts. The 2nd ed. phase was exploration of existing situation and desirable situation of academic leadership of primary school administrators. The samples were 750 primary school administrators and teachers in Northeast of Thailand, obtained through stratified random sampling technique. The 3rd ed. phase was developing a program to strengthen academic leadership of primary school administrators and evaluate the program by 9 experts. The research instruments were the components and indicators evaluation form, an existing and desirable situation questionnaire, the structured interview form, and a program evaluation form. Statistics used were mean, standard deviation, and the modified priority needs index. The research results were: 1) The academic leadership of the primary school administrators comprised of 5 components and 26 indicators; 2) The existing situation of academic leadership of primary school administrators was at a high level, desirable situation was at the highest level, and the needs to strengthen academic leadership of primary school administrators were ranked from high to low was visionary, supervision of learning management, teacher professional development, curriculum and learning management, and learning atmosphere and culture development, respectively; and 3) The developed program to strengthen academic leadership of primary school administrators comprised 5 main parts; 1) program rationale, 2) program objectives, 3) content consists of 5 modules and 25 sub-modules, 4) development methods and activities were self-study, training, and knowledge exchanging and practicing, and 5) program evaluation.
The Comparison of Empathy and Self-Confidence Levels of Physical Education and Sports School Students
Authors: Köroğlu Mihraç , Çelik Sezai , Tanriverdi Ferdi
Published: September 2023

This study aims to compare the empathy and self-confidence levels of the students studying at physical education and sports schools according to different variables. In this study, the scanning model, which is one of the quantitative research designs, was used. Students were administered the empathy scale developed by Lawrence et al. and the self-confidence scale adapted by Akın. Our study was applied to four hundred students studying at Batman University School of Physical Education and Sports. The obtained data were analyzed in the SPSS program and the findings were interpreted. In the program, primarily descriptive statistics were used to indicate demographic characteristics and an unrelated sample t-test was applied to determine whether there was a significant difference between self-confidence and empathy levels and the variables of gender and whether they were involved in sports or not. One-factor analysis of variance (Anova) test was performed to determine whether there was a significant difference between self-confidence and empathy levels and age, department, grade level, grade point average, and sports branch of interest. As a result of the study, it was found that there was a significant difference between the empathy levels of the participant students and the gender and class variable. It was observed that there was no significant difference between students’ empathy levels and age, students’ academic grade point average, whether they did sports or not, and the sports branches they were interested in. It has been observed that there is no significant difference or relationship between students’ self-confidence levels and gender, age, grade point average, sports status, and sports branches they are interested in. However, there was a significant difference between students’ self-confidence levels and the department they studied. It is also seen that there is a significant difference between the self-confidence levels of the students and the variable of the class they study.
role of Khasi women among the Khasi tribe in Meghalaya’s Jatah Lakadong village
Authors: Darlong Joel Lalengliana , Suting Shardin
Published: September 2023

The Khasi is an indigenous tribe of Meghalaya who lives in Northeast India. It is a tribe that follows a unique matriarchy. Bachofen (1967), suggested that the early social formation of the family gave more importance to the mother, and for which “government of the state was also entrusted to the women” (Bachofen, 1967, p. 156). In matrilineal societies where the women inherit the property and pass down the generation through the female line. It is important to examine and highlight the role and status of women in Meghalaya. The purpose of the study is to identify the role of the women in family and society as well as their participation in social, political, economic, and religious activities that highlight their importance in society. It’s important to examine the gender roles and responsibilities in the traditional matriarchy which bring the changes that have been set in the society and how these changes affect the social structure and the consequences which enhance the role of the women where they were involved according to their capabilities. Due to the prevalence and practice of their indigenous culture, it is perceived that the women experience more freedom and self-reliance. Khasi women witness women’s empowerment and raise women’s gender equality by their acts in the social, economic, and political realms, demonstrating the value of women in society.
Perencanaan Stok Pengaman dan Titik Pemesanan Ulang dengan Metode Time Series pada Perusahaan Furniture Di Kalimantan
Authors: Pratama Ridho Kamal , Karim Abdul Alimul , Hertadi Christopher Davito Prabandewa
Published: September 2023

Persaingan bisnis furnitur yang semakin ketat seiring munculnya merek dan produsen membuat ide bisnis furnitur custom menjadi opsi baru untuk pemilik usaha dan pelanggan dengan preferensi khusus. Fortuin Home Decor menjadi salah satu perusahaan yang menawarkan produk custom berkualitas. Peneliti berinisiatif untuk melakukan penelitian yang berkaitan dengan peramalan permintaan dan penentuan safety stock. Peramalan dilakukan dengan menggunakan dua metode yaitu metode multiplicative decomposition dan fuzzy time series. Peramalan pada metode fuzzy time series menerapkan dua logika yaitu logika Cheng dan Ruey Chyn Tsaur yang akan diikuti oleh evaluasi metode peramalan untuk mengetahui besar error yang dihasilkan metode peramalan. Hasil peramalan dari masing-masing logika dihitung besar error-nya dimana MAPE multiplicative decomposition sebesar 17%, logika Cheng sebesar 15% dan Ruey Chyn Tsaur sebesar 14% yang kemudian metode dengan error terkecil dipilih sebagai metode yang akan digunakan untuk menghitung safety stock. Dilakukan breakdown atau merincikan peramalan unit yang dikalikan dengan kebutuhan material per unit. Safety stock dihitung dengan syarat semua permintaan diterima sehingga service level bernilai 100% dengan lead time 2 hari yang dikonversi menjadi 0.067 bulan kemudian dilanjutkan dengan mencari reorder point masing-masing material dengan syarat sebelumnya.
Princip srazmernosti premije težini rizika na primeru osiguranja od odgovornosti vlasnika motornih vozila – podzakonska aktivnost Narodne banke Srbije
Authors:   University of Belgrade Faculty of Law, Serbia, Petrović Tomić Nataša
Published: September 2023

Principle of the proportionality of the premium to the weight of the risk is one of the fundamental rules of insurance law. Having in mind the importance of the motor liability insurance for the national market of insurance as well as its compulsory character, supervisory body prescribes the sequence of steps which should be taken in order to change premium tariffs. Procedural order aims to make it easier for the supervisory body to convince itself of the justification of the tariff change. If it emerges from the submitted documentation that the insurance company is faced with an increase in the price of auto parts due to inflation, it is logical to increase tariffs. Author concludes that detailed standardization of the procedure for changing the premium tariff contributes to sustainable supervision in insurance and the protection of consumers of insurance services, which is an indispensable part of well-founded strategy of ESG.
Unitarna patentna zaštita – izazovi početka primene Sporazuma o Jedinstvenom patentnom sudu
Authors:   Institute of Comparative Law, Belgrade, Serbia, Ćeranić Perišić Jelena
Published: September 2023

On June 1, 2023, the Agreement on the Unified Patent Court (UPC) entered into force. The Agreement was signed ten years ago, and the work on unified patent protection began more than a half century ago. Therefore, the beginning of implementation of the Agreement is compared to the light at the end of the tunnel. It remains to be seen how long the tunnel is and what is that light. The paper seeks to shed light on the beginning of the implementation of the Agreement and its challenges. First, the reasons for delaying its entry into force are discussed. Then the structure of the UPC and the appointment of judges are presented. Thereafter, the complexity of the unitary patent protection is analyzed. Finally, the unitary nature of the protection is considered in order to examine whether the unitary patent protection contributes to reducing the fragmentation of the European patent landscape.
Pravna (ne)osnovanost naknade za održavanje bankarskog tekućeg računa
Authors:   University of Belgrade Faculty of Law, Serbia, Janković Svetislav
Published: September 2023

In the article, the author considers the justifiability of banks’ right to charge the client with the basic costs and fees regarding the banking current account. Although it seems fair that the bank has the right to a maintenance fee and provision, after reviewing the legal nature of bank current account, the author concludes converse. It is particularly present in the case of M-Banking where the client completely autonomously creates and performs the payment order. This is because the client does it on its own mobile phone or PC with his own actions and not the bank’s servants’ actions. Therefore, it seems fair to deprive the bank of this right in favor of its client, or if one wants to be more equitable, to entitle the bank with the aforementioned rights, but at the same time to entitle the client with a right to interest on his positive balance.
Osnovi prestanka trgovinskih ugovora u srpskom pravu
Authors:   Institute of Comparative Law, Belgrade, Serbia, Jovičić Katarina
Published: September 2023

The paper presents the grounds for terminating commercial contracts according to the rules of the Law on Obligations. Bearing in mind that trade contracts are bilaterally binding, they terminate upon the special rules of the Law for mentioned group of contracts which include: fulfilment of all contractual obligations as stipulated, termination of a contract, impossibility of performance and judicial termination of the contract due to changed circumstances. The paper also discusses the situation of execution of a void contract because of their rescission arise the same questions. Finally, starting from the fact that contract is one among several sources of obligations, the general rules of the Law for the termination of obligations regardless of the source of their origin are considered too, as they, under certain circumstances, can lead to contract termination. The analysis of each ground could be the subject of separate scientific work and in domestic literature, they are frequently treated in this manner. In contrast, the possible grounds for terminating the contract are systematically presented here, as well as the effects resulting from that. In this work, this issue is presented in a rounded and comprehensive way that is justified by the fact that the legal rules regulating contract termination are not systematized in one place in the Law of Obligations which may make their application more difficult. This approach is justified by the fact that the legal rules regulating contract termination are not systematized in one place in the Law of Obligations and that complicates their application. The paper aims to contribute to the prevention of disputed situations in the execution of contracts, that is, to the proper application of the law in the process of resolving them.
Zaštita konkurencije na tržištu digitalnih usluga
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Hotel Management and Tourism in Vrnjačka Banja, Mićović Andrej
Published: September 2023

The article analyzes the rules contained in the EU Regulation 2022/1925, which seek to provide business users and end users with core platform services and ensure appropriate regulatory safeguards against unfair practices of service providers, who have the status of gatekeepers. When core services are provided by gatekeepers, as persons who exercise significant market influence, the risk of distortion of market competition increases significantly. That is why the Regulation defines a series of measures with the aim of achieving, first of all, ex ante effects on the possibility of unlimited market competition and fairness in the digital sector. With the aim of preventive protection of the digital service marketplace, the Regulation prescribes what the providers of core platform services must not do, or what they are obliged to do and the powers of the Commission in terms of market research. After the conducted research, the Commission can issue an implementing act ordering gatekeeper to stop non-compliant behavior within a reasonable period of time, as well as impose sanctions in the form of fines and periodic penalty payments.
Prevalência de agentes etiológicos de mastite em bovinos leiteiros criados em sistema de alojamento do tipo compost barn na região Oeste de Santa Catarina
Authors: Sabedot Carla , Ferronatto José Augusto , Brunetto Thais Regina , Carpeggiani Michèli Cristina , Matzembacker Bruna , Collet Silvana Giacomini , Blagitz Maiara Garcia , Girardini Lilian Kolling
Published: September 2023

A mastite é a doença de maior relevância na bovinocultura leiteira, a qual é frequentemente associada a perdas significativas em todo o sistema de produção. Somando-se a isso, o uso indevido e/ou indiscriminado de antimicrobianos para o tratamento da mastite implica no surgimento de bactérias multirresistentes, impactando em métodos de controle da doença, e podendo refletir em problemas relacionados ao âmbito da saúde única. Nos últimos anos, foi crescente a utilização e adaptação de sistemas de confinamento para bovinos leiteiros, dentre eles, o compost barn  que vem ganhando destaque. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o perfil de prevalência e sensibilidade dos agentes causadores de mastite em bovinos leiteiros criados em sistema de alojamento do tipo Compost barn (CB). A população-alvo do estudo consistiu em três fazendas leiteiras de região Oeste de Santa Catarina trabalhando com sistema CB. No total foram coletadas amostras de cada quarto mamário de 102 animais para realizar o California Mastitis Test (CMT), isolamento bacteriano e contagem de células somáticas microscópica. O teste de CMT teve reação negativa em 55,6% das amostras testadas. No isolamento bacteriológico, entre as amostras que obtiveram crescimento, os agentes mais prevalentes observados foram Staphylococcus não-aureus (SNA) (36,4%), seguido por Streptococcus uberis (21,6%). O resultado médio da CCS microscópico foi de 622.567 células/mL, sem diferença significativa entre os agentes isolados quanto à CCS. Em relação ao teste de sensibilidade antimicrobiana, verificou-se que os microrganismos Gram-positivos isolados foram sensíveis à maioria dos agentes antimicrobianos testados.
O conhecimento e uso tradicional de plantas medicinais nas perspectivas da etnobotânica e agroecologia: uma revisão teórica
Authors: dos Reis Hélio Souza , Da Paz Cristiane Domingos , De Oliveira Juliana  Gabriela Alves , Silva Marcos Antonio Vanderlei
Published: September 2023

As plantas medicinais são capazes de prevenir, curar ou tratar enfermidades e têm tradição de uso em uma população. A etnobotânica e a agroecologia são temáticas precisas que visam a contextualização, preservação e valorização do conhecimento tradicional sobre essas plantas. Deste modo, a partir de uma revisão da literatura, este trabalho buscou relatar sobre o conhecimento e uso tradicional de plantas medicinais a partir das perspectivas/abordagens da etnobotânica e agroecologia. Para isso, foi realizado um levantamento de informações em trabalhos que abordassem a temática relacionada, sendo publicados nas línguas inglesa e portuguesa, no formato online e disponíveis gratuitamente. Esses trabalhos foram consultados em diferentes bases de dados, no período de abril a junho de 2023. A análise da literatura evidenciou que o conhecimento e uso tradicional de plantas medicinais são amplamente difundidos no território brasileiro. O conhecimento preservado que povos e comunidades rurais/tradicionais detêm sobre o uso sustentável dessas plantas contribui significativamente para a sua preservação, melhorias na qualidade da saúde, na renda e na criação de políticas públicas. A etnobotânica e a agroecologia apresentam-se como ferramentas propulsoras para o resgate desse conhecimento tradicional, para a manutenção da biodiversidade e da qualidade de vida das populações.
Qualitative phytochemical analysis and evaluation of the antioxidant and cytotoxic potential of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Origanum majorana
Authors: Saraiva Rair Silvio Alves , Meneses Cláudia Cardins Pinho , Cantuária Patrick de Castro , Rodrigues Alex Bruno Lobato , Farias Ana Luzia Ferreira , de Almeida Sheylla Susan Moreira da Silva
Published: September 2023

This research aimed to evaluate the phytochemical, antioxidant, and toxicological properties of crude ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Origanum majorana L. leaves. The qualitative phytochemical characterization involved the detection of secondary metabolites using colorimetric and precipitation techniques. The antioxidant activity of O. majorana L. was assessed by the sequestration method of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, followed by cytotoxicity testing against the crustacean Artemia salina. The crude ethanolic extract exhibited the presence of eight classes of secondary metabolites, including saponins, phenols and tannins, alkaloids, steroids, triterpenoids, depsides, and depsidones. The crude aqueous extract, on the other hand, contained five classes of secondary metabolites, such as proteins, amino acids, phenols, tannins, and alkaloids. Both extracts demonstrated antioxidant potential, with the crude aqueous extract exhibiting an IC50 value of 811.69 μg.mL-1 and the crude ethanolic extract showing an IC50 value of 125.67 μg.mL-1. Furthermore, the extracts exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against A. salina, as evidenced by the crude aqueous extract's LC50 value of 4,747.085 μg.mL-1 and the crude ethanolic extract's LC50 value of 1,088.624 μg.mL-1. These findings highlight the potential of O. majorana L. as a medicinal plant, supporting and justifying its widespread popular usage.
Contaminated areas: lixividing of solid waste from the pharmaceutical industry
Authors: E Bitencourt Emanoelen Bitencourt , Dias Thaís Binow , Cabral Marcos Vinicius Afonso , Costa Ruy Adryan da Silva , Soares Liandra Caroline do Rosário , Rodrigues Arlley Cardoso , Pereira Junior Marcos , Morales Gundisalvo Piratoba
Published: September 2023

Contaminated areas derive from polluting activities, and are closely related to the proper disposal of waste from these activities, such as the pharmaceutical industry, which has dangerous and influential remnants throughout the biota, including humans. This work aimed to explain about the Brazilian legal norms of environmental protection and destination of medicines, and about the problems caused by exposure and contamination by drugs, particularly antibiotics and endocrine regulators. The problem of waste has led to the creation of several laws, at the federal and state levels, with a view to reducing contamination and protection of environmental assets, in which some of them deal with criminal and administrative sanctions for those who cause damage to the environment, criminalization of pollution, care for areas that have been contaminated at some point, determination of environmental standards and proper disposal of medicines. Even so, the improper disposal of drugs is a fact in Brazil, resulting in contamination of water and soil by leachate, and consequently, waterborne diseases, allergies, photosensitivity, cancer, infertility and cardiovascular diseases in humans, and adverse effects on crustaceans, mollusks, fish, turtles, amphibians and algae. The identification of these contaminants can be done by liquid chromatography and spectrophotometry, and the treatment by microorganisms, advanced oxidation and those used in Treatment Plants, however, conventional treatments may not be sufficient for removal. It is concluded that, despite the existence of these techniques, the most advanced procedures are not applied at the Treatment Plants, and the removal of drug residues is inefficient. In addition, there is a lack of inspection regarding the management of waste in the sector, even with different laws, which corroborates the contamination problem.
Avaliação alelopática e citotóxica das raízes de Cnidoscolus urens (L.) Arthur por meio do bioensaio Allium cepa L.
Authors: Carneiro Ivens Balduíno dos Santos , Codellos Lucas Lira , Moura Amanda Beartriz da Costa , Otoch Maria de Lourdes Oliveira , De Araújo Levi Kalil Rodrigues , Ribeiro Cristiana de Sousa , De Aragão Maria Erivalda Farias
Published: September 2023

Cnidoscolus urens, popularmente conhecida como cansanção, é muito utilizada como planta medicinal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a alelopatia e a citotoxicidade de C. urens por meio do bioensaio Allium cepa L. Para tanto, foi realizada a análise do crescimento das raízes de cebola, distribuídas em diferentes concentrações da infusão das raízes de C. urens e preparadas lâminas para realizar a contagem das células meristemáticas e determinar o índice mitótico. Os resultados apresentaram alelopatia significativa no tratamento C (50g/L), e redução no índice mitótico para todas as concentrações. Portanto, os resultados indicam efeito antineoplásico a partir da concentração da infusão em 50 g/L, e corroboram com o que a literatura descreve quanto às propriedades antiproliferativas tumorais das proteínas de C. urens, porém, mais estudos são necessários para investigar as condições e circunstâncias que podem levar aos resultados obtidos por meio deste bioensaio.
Características físico-químicas, compostos bioativos e potencial antioxidante de frutos de framboesa vermelha (Rubus idaeus L.)
Authors: Silveira Márcia Liliane Rippel , Dos Santos Clarissa Obem , Deprá Marta Stochero , Sautter Claudia Kaehler
Published: September 2023

O Brasil é um dos maiores produtores mundiais de frutas. Dentre essas, podemos encontrar as pequenas frutas, como a framboesa (Rubus idaeus L.) com frutos carnosos e amplamente aceitos por sua aparência e sabor. Além disso, os frutos são notadamente ricos em fitoquímicos, que se presentes na dieta podem proporcionar benefícios à saúde. A exploração comercial da framboesa está em expansão no Brasil, porém, pouco se conhece sobre a composição dos genótipos cultivados. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar as características físico-químicas, compostos bioativos e potencial antioxidante dos frutos de framboesa vermelha, obtendo informações a respeito desta frutífera nas condições de cultivo da região Sul do Brasil. Frutos de framboesa vermelha, cv. Autumn Bliss, cultivados em Vacaria-RS e colhidos em 2014 e 2015 foram avaliados quanto à composição físico-química, compostos fenólicos totais, antocianinas monoméricas e atividade antioxidante, pelos métodos FRAP e ABTS. Foram observadas pequenas diferenças nos parâmetros de qualidade e na composição centesimal dos frutos entre as colheitas analisadas. Quanto ao teor de sólidos solúveis, a média observada foi de 8,9 °Brix, pH o valor médio foi de 3,07 e para acidez titulável 2,02 g de ác. cítrico 100-1 g de polpa. Os frutos apresentaram uma boa relação SS/AT, atendendo ao indicado para a framboesa. A fruta apresentou valores elevados de conteúdo de água, fibra alimentar e proteína. Quanto à coloração, os frutos colhidos em 2014 apresentaram valores significativamente maiores para luminosidade e cromaticidade da polpa. Os extratos de framboesa apresentaram teores elevados de fenólicos totais e antocianinas monoméricas, além de alta atividade antioxidante. O extrato hidroetanólico acidificado apresentou o maior teor médio de fenólicos totais, bem como, a maior capacidade antioxidante pelo ensaio FRAP. Os teores médios de antocianinas monoméricas verificados para os extratos hidroetanólico e hidroetanólico acidificado foram de 41,85 e 39,5 mg ciaidina-3-glicosídeo 100 g-1, respectivamente. Pelo método ABTS, a medida da atividade antioxidante foi maior para o extrato hidroetanólico. A framboesa vermelha, cv. Autumn Bliss, cultivada no Sul do Brasil é uma boa opção para o mercado de frutas in natura e produtos processados, pois possui frutos atraentes e composição promissora. Além disso, é uma boa fonte de compostos bioativos, que podem servir como potenciais fontes de antioxidantes naturais e pigmentos, contribuindo com a promoção e manutenção do estado de saúde.
Casos de COVID-19 notificados em unidades de saúde da família: um estudo ecológico
Authors: Berrêdo Valéria Cristina Menezes , Silva Giovanna Almeida , Fonseca Jeovana Miranda de Oliveira , E Silva Ana Gabryella Vieira , Da Silva Michele Salles , Corrêa Carla Regina de Almeida , Santos Débora Aparecida da Silva
Published: September 2023

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar os casos de COVID-19 notificados em unidades de saúde da família no munícipio de Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso. Estudo ecológico, observacional, retrospectivo e descritivo, realizado por meio da coleta de dados secundários disponibilizados no relatório online do Painel de Indicador COVID-19 de Mato Grosso entre março de 2020 e março de 2022. A análise descritiva dos dados foi auxiliada pelo Software R e foram utilizados os testes Qui-quadrado e o de correlação de Kendall. Foram notificados 39.461 casos por COVID-19, destes prevaleceram as notificações no mês de janeiro de 2022 (78,52%); houve significância estatística entre o número de casos ao longo dos meses de estudo. O perfil destes casos prevaleceu sexo feminino (53,35%), 20 a 39 anos (46,37%), raça parda (61%), casos sintomáticos (85,83%), ausência de comorbidades (88,22%), sendo que das comorbidades apresentadas, prevaleceu a hipertensão arterial sistêmica (49,40%), casos recuperados (99,53%) e número de óbitos (0,43%). Houve significância estatística entre os casos e estas variáveis estudadas. O perfil epidemiológico dos usuários com COVID-19 da atenção primária à saúde foi semelhante na maioria das regiões e, no que tange a implantação de estratégias para a prevenção e controle da doença, muitos serviços tiveram poucas demandas para outros atendimentos, conseguindo atuar de forma adequada na detecção de casos novos, tratamento e prevenção de agravos.
Teores foliares de nutrientes e clorofilas de genótipos de café Arábica cultivados em sistema adensado na região do Caparaó Capixaba
Authors: De Abreu Lucas Lopes , Apostólico Márcio Antonio , Rodrigues Wagner Nunes , Colodetti Tafarel Victor , Tomaz Marcelo Antonio , Martins Lima Deleon , Brinate Sebastião Vinícius Batista , Christo Bruno Fardim
Published: September 2023

O desempenho produtivo e o consequente sucesso econômico da lavoura cafeeira estão diretamente relacionados a diferentes fatores, tais como o material genético adaptado para a região, manejo sanitário e hídrico, adequada nutrição mineral das plantas, entre outros. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os teores foliares de nutrientes e clorofilas em 16 genótipos de café arábica cultivados no sistema adensado. O experimento foi realizado em um campo de competição, localizado na região do Caparaó no sul do estado do Espírito Santo. Os teores de nitrogênio, fósforo, potássio, cálcio, magnésio, clorofila a e clorofila b foram determinados. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias foram estudadas conforme o critério de Scott-Knott em nível de 5% de probabilidade. As análises foram realizadas com uso do programa computacional “GENES”. O trabalho permitiu verificar que houve diferença significativa entre os genótipos avaliados quanto aos teores foliares de fósforo, potássio, cálcio, magnésio e clorofila b, indicando haver diferenças na nutrição dos genótipos mesmo recebendo o mesmo manejo. Somente os teores de nitrogênio e a clorofila a foram semelhantes estatisticamente entre os 16 genótipos estudados. Para as demais variáveis, a cultivar IAPAR 59 apresentou maiores médias nos teores de fósforo, potássio, cálcio e magnésio. Em contrapartida, a cultivar Oeiras MG 6851 apresentou as menores médias para estes mesmos parâmetros.
A importância da supervisão escolar na adoção de políticas e práticas pedagógicas de combate ao bullying gendrado
Authors: Richartz Terezinha , Santana Zionel
Published: September 2023

No ano de 1998, a orientação sexual foi incluída como tema transversal nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCNs), abrindo portas para que em 2004, o Governo Federal criasse o programa “Brasil Sem Homofobia”, o qual apresenta diretrizes nos Sistemas de Ensino que orientam à implementação de ações de combate à discriminação no que tange à orientação sexual. Nesse segmento, o bullying em relação a gênero, é considerado um problema grave e deve ser enfrentado por toda a comunidade escolar, sendo a escola, um importante espaço de socialização, onde se deve tomar medidas pedagógicas e políticas para a prevenção desse tipo de bullying. Para tanto, objetiva-se nesse estudo, verificar as medidas políticas e educativas adotadas por supervisores escolares para coibir a homofobia; utilizando-se como norte, uma metodologia qualitativa, que compreende entrevistas de supervisoras do Ensino Fundamental I de escolas públicas e privadas, em uma cidade no Sul do Estado de Minas Gerais. Nesse contexto, dados apontam que se trata do bullying gendrado, pelo fato de ser praticado por meninos e meninas de forma diferenciada, repetindo-se, então, estereótipos atribuídos a cada um dos sexos na sociedade – questão que exige atenção dos gestores quanto às intervenções efetivas no que se refere a essa variável. Porém, deve-se considerar o sentimento de ameaça identificado nos supervisores, já que trabalham de forma singularizada e esbarram na “ideologia de gênero” – discussão proibida no município.