bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aula Verde (tree room) as a link between art and science to raise public awareness of nature-based solutions
Authors: Conte A. , Pace R. , Li Q. , Carloni S. , Boetzkes A. , Passatore L.
Published: February 2024

Nature-based solutions inherently require a multifaceted perspective that encompasses diverse fields. The aim of this project is to develop more effective nature-based solutions, climate action and environmental awareness by breaking down boundaries between disciplines and fostering a co-creative process. Concepts of ecology and urban forestry were combined with the research on political ecology, environmental humanities, land art, regenerative art, performing art, participatory art, and more-than-human art. This process resulted in the creation of Aula Verde Aniene. It is located in an urban park in Rome and consists of a stand of trees arranged in circles with a specific design to give the perception of being in an outdoor vegetated room. The project activities involved community participation through art performances and citizen science initiatives. Regulating and cultural ecosystem services of Aula Verde were assessed using i-Tree Eco software and citizens’ surveys. Beyond numerical descriptions of ecosystem services, the manuscript introduces shinrin-yoku as a practice to raise awareness of nature. The distinctive approach here described contributed to convey a sense of belonging to the ecosystem to citizens. The project framework and study findings have been developed to formulate policy recommendations and disseminate a format that can be adapted to diverse locations.
Reproducing burrows in modelled sedimentary strata
Authors: Eltom Hassan
Published: February 2024

Studying bioturbated sedimentary strata is crucial; however, sampling these strata poses notable challenges. Modelling these strata has emerged as a promising solution to bridge this gap. This study introduces a workflow to model burrows utilizing the multipoint statistics (MPS) method. A key step in MPS modelling is the use of training images, and this study describes a process to create them using CT scans of rock samples contain burrows. These scans give a 3D visual representation of burrows in actual rock record. The process involves selecting suitable rock samples, CT scanning them, importing and processing the scans in Petrel™, and then transforming the scan data into training images which can be used for MPS modelling. The MPS models allow for precise replication of burrows, variations in their size and percentage, and modeling properties like porosity and permeability. This enables a more detailed analysis, paving the way for further advancements in understanding and simulating the geological implications of burrows. To guarantee reproducibility, this study has precisely documented the workflow with video guidance and provided the necessary data. This comprehensive documentation aims to encourage the broader adoption of MPS modelling for bioturbated strata, setting the stage for further advancements in the field.
Alleviating summer heat stress in cowpea-baby corn intercropping with stress-reducing chemicals and fertility variations
Authors: Bijarnia Anju , Tetarwal J. P. , Gupta Anil Kumar , Bijarnia Arjun Lal , Yadav Rajendra Kumar , Ram Baldev , Kumawat Roshan , Choudhary Monika , Kumar Rajesh , Singh Deepak
Published: February 2024

Over the past century, the average surface temperature and recurrent heatwaves have been steadily rising, especially during the summer season, which is affecting the yield potential of most food crops. Hence, diversification in cropping systems with suitable fertilizer management is an urgent need to ensure high yield potential during the summer season. Since intercropping has emerged as an important strategy to increase food production, the present study comprises five intercropping systems in the main plot (sole cowpea, sole baby corn, cowpea + baby corn in 2:1, 3:1, and 4:1 row ratio), three levels of fertilizer viz.100 (N20P40), 125 (N25P50), and 150% (N30P60) recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) in the subplot, along with two stress-mitigating chemicals (0.5% CaCl2and 1% KNO3) in the sub-sub plots. A split-split plot system with four replications was established to carry out the field experiment. The effect of intercropping, fertilizer levels, and stress-mitigating chemicals on crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR), plant temperature, relative water content (RWC) and chlorophyll content of cowpea and baby corn, as well as cowpea equivalent yield (CEY), was investigated during the summer seasons of 2019 and 2020. The experiment was conducted at Agriculture University, Kota (Rajasthan), India. Results showed that CGR, RGR, RWC and chlorophyll content of both crops and CEY were maximum under intercropping of cowpea and baby corn in a 2:1 row ratio compared to other intercropping systems. However, the plant temperature of both crops was significantly lower under this system. CEY, CGR, RGR, and chlorophyll content were considerably greater in the subplots with a fertilizer application of 150% RDF compared to lower levels of fertilizer (100 and 125% RDF). Our findings further show that foliar application of CaCl20.5% at the flowering and pod-developing stages of cowpea dramatically boosted CEY, CGR, RGR, RWC, and chlorophyll content of both crops and lowered the plant temperature.
Evidence of COVID-19 fatalities in Swedish neighborhoods from a full population study
Authors: Wixe Sofia , Lobo José , Mellander Charlotta , Bettencourt Luís M. A.
Published: February 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted a debate about whether marginalized communities suffered the disproportionate brunt of the pandemic’s mortality. Empirical studies addressing this question typically suffer from statistical uncertainties and potential biases associated with uneven and incomplete reporting. We use geo-coded micro-level data for the entire population of Sweden to analyze how local neighborhood characteristics affect the likelihood of dying with COVID-19 at individual level, given the individual’s overall risk of death. We control for several individual and regional characteristics to compare the results in specific communities to overall death patterns in Sweden during 2020. When accounting for the probability to die of any cause, we find that individuals residing in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods were not more likely to die with COVID-19 than individuals residing elsewhere. Importantly, we do find that individuals show a generally higher probability of death in these neighborhoods. Nevertheless, ethnicity is an important explanatory factor for COVID-19 deaths for foreign-born individuals, especially from East Africa, who are more likely to pass away regardless of residential neighborhood.
The association between tocilizumab therapy and the development of thrombosis in critically ill patients with COVID-19: a multicenter, cohort study
Authors: Aljuhani Ohoud , Al Sulaiman Khalid , Korayem Ghazwa B. , Altebainawi Ali F. , Alsohimi Samiah , Alqahtani Rahaf , Alfaifi Saeedah , Alharbi Aisha , AlKhayrat Azzah , Hattan Ahmed , Albassam Meshal , Almohammed Omar A. , Alkeraidees Atheer , Alonazi Dhay A. , Alsalman Weam F. , Aldamegh Ghaliah , Alshahrani Rasha , Vishwakarma Ramesh
Published: February 2024

The use of tocilizumab for the management of COVID-19 emerged since it modulates inflammatory markers by blocking interleukin 6 receptors. Concerns regarding higher thrombosis risk while using tocilizumab were raised in the literature. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between tocilizumab therapy and the development of thromboembolic events in critically ill COVID-19 patients. A propensity score-matched, multicenter cohort study for critically ill adult patients with COVID-19. Eligible patients admitted to ICU between March 2020 and July 2021 were categorized into two sub-cohorts based on tocilizumab use within 24 h of ICU admission. The primary endpoint was to assess the incidence of all thrombosis cases during ICU stay. The secondary endpoints were 30-day mortality, in-hospital mortality, and the highest coagulation parameters follow-up (i.e., D-dimer, Fibrinogen) during the stay. Propensity score matching (1:2 ratio) was based on nine matching covariates. Among a total of 867 eligible patients, 453 patients were matched (1:2 ratio) using propensity scores. The thrombosis events were not statistically different between the two groups in crude analysis (6.8% vs. 7.7%; p-value = 0.71) and regression analysis [OR 0.83, 95% CI (0.385, 1.786)]. Peak D-dimer levels did not change significantly when the patient received tocilizumab (beta coefficient (95% CI): 0.19 (− 0.08, 0.47)), while there was a significant reduction in fibrinogen levels during ICU stay (beta coefficient (95% CI): − 0.15 (− 0.28, − 0.02)). On the other hand, the 30-day and in-hospital mortality were significantly lower in tocilizumab-treated patients (HR 0.57, 95% CI (0.37, 0.87), [HR 0.67, 95% CI (0.46, 0.98), respectively). The use of tocilizumab in critically ill patients with COVID-19 was not associated with higher thrombosis events or peak D-dimer levels. On the other hand, fibrinogen levels, 30-day and in-hospital mortality were significantly lower in the tocilizumab group. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm our findings.
High-throughput cell optoporation system based on Au nanoparticle layers mediated by resonant irradiation for precise and controllable gene delivery
Authors: Pylaev T. E. , Avdeeva E. S. , Khlebtsov B. N. , Lomova M. V. , Khlebtsov N. G.
Published: February 2024

The development of approaches based on genetically modified cells is accompanied by a constant intensive search for new effective and safe delivery systems and the study of existing ones. Recently, we developed a new plasmonic nanoparticle layers-mediated optoporation system that can be proposed for precisely controlled, high-performance laser transfection compatible with broad types of cells and delivered objects of interest. The main goal of the present study is to demonstrate the broad possibilities and advantages of our system for optoporation of several mammalian cells, classified as "easy-to-transfect" cells, namely HeLa and CHO lines, and "hard-to-transfect" cells, namely A431 and RAW 264.7 cells. We show the efficient delivery of various sized cargo molecules: from small molecular dyes propidium iodide (PI) with molecular mass 700 Da, control plasmids (3–10 kb) to fluorophore-labeled dextranes with masses ranging from 10 kDa up to 100 kDa. The performance of optoporation was investigated for two types of laser sources, 800-nm continuous-wave laser, and 1064-nm ns pulsed laser. We provided a comparative study between our system and commercial agent Lipofectamine for transient transfection and stable transfection of HeLa cells with plasmids encoding fluorescent proteins. The quantitative data analysis using flow cytometry, Alamar blue viability assay, and direct fluorescence microscopy revealed higher optoporation efficacy for hard-to-transfect A431 cells and Raw 264.7 cells than lipofection efficacy. Finally, we demonstrated the optoporation performance at the single-cell level by successful delivering PI to the individual CHO cells with revealed high viability for at least 72 h post-irradiation.
Direct numerical simulation of the turbulent flow around a Flettner rotor
Authors: Massaro Daniele , Karp Martin , Jansson Niclas , Markidis Stefano , Schlatter Philipp
Published: February 2024

The three-dimensional turbulent flow around a Flettner rotor, i.e. an engine-driven rotating cylinder in an atmospheric boundary layer, is studied via direct numerical simulations (DNS) for three different rotation speeds ($$\alpha$$α). This technology offers a sustainable alternative mainly for marine propulsion, underscoring the critical importance of comprehending the characteristics of such flow. In this study, we evaluate the aerodynamic loads produced by the rotor of heighth, with a specific focus on the changes in lift and drag force along the vertical axis of the cylinder. Correspondingly, we observe that vortex shedding is inhibited at the highest$$\alpha$$αvalues investigated. However, in the case of intermediate$$\alpha$$α, vortices continue to be shed in the upper section of the cylinder ($$y/h>0.3$$y/h>0.3). As the cylinder begins to rotate, a large-scale motion becomes apparent on the high-pressure side, close to the bottom wall. We offer both a qualitative and quantitative description of this motion, outlining its impact on the wake deflection. This finding is significant as it influences the rotor wake to an extent of approximately one hundred diameters downstream. In practical applications, this phenomenon could influence the performance of subsequent boats and have an impact on the cylinder drag, affecting its fuel consumption. This fundamental study, which investigates a limited yet significant (for DNS) Reynolds number and explores various spinning ratios, provides valuable insights into the complex flow around a Flettner rotor. The simulations were performed using a modern GPU-based spectral element method, leveraging the power of modern supercomputers towards fundamental engineering problems.
IGF2BP2-m6A-circMMP9 axis recruits ETS1 to promote TRIM59 transcription in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Li Jinling , Cao Huan , Yang Jianwang , Wang Baoshan
Published: February 2024

Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is a common malignancy of the head and neck. Recently, circular RNA (circRNA) has been studied extensively in multisystem diseases. However, there are few research on biological functions and molecular mechanisms of circRNAs in LSCC. CircRNA array was used to detect the differentially expressed circRNAs. Kaplan–Meier and cox regression analysis were used to identify survival based on circMMP9. The qRT-PCR, RNase R treatment, sanger sequencing and in situ hybridization were used to verify circMMP9 expression, characteristics and localization in LSCC tissues and cells. Functionally, colony formation, MTS, transwell and in vivo assays were proceeded to detect the biological function of circMMP9 in LSCC progression. The RNA-seq was conducted to identify the molecular targets of circMMP9. Mechanically, MeRIP, RNA Immunoprecipitation (RIP), RNA pulldown, Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and dual-luciferase reporter assays were carried on to verify the regulatory mechanism of circMMP9. CircMMP9 was discovered upregulated in LSCC tissues and cells, and high level of circMMP9 was associated with poor prognosis, low degree of pathological grading, high TNM stage and lymph node metastasis of LSCC. CircMMP9 knockdown prevented LSCC progression both in vitro and in vivo, whereas, circMMP9 overexpression had the opposite effect. CircMMP9 was stabilized by IGF2BP2 in m6A-dependent manner. TRIM59 was identified as downstream target of circMMP9. CircMMP9 recruited ETS1 to stimulate TRIM59 transcription. Moreover, TRIM59 accelerated LSCC progression via activating the PI3K/AKT signal pathway. Our findings offered a unique regulatory mechanism for circMMP9 in LSCC, as well as a novel proof that circMMP9 may be utilize as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for LSCC patients.
Sarcopenic obesity does not impair lower limb strength and physical performance in sufficiently active older adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: da Silva Leonardo Santos Lopes , Abdalla Pedro Pugliesi , Marcos-Pardo Pablo Jorge , Romo‑Perez Vicente , Garcia‑Soidan Jose Luis , Mota Jorge , Machado Dalmo Roberto Lopes
Published: February 2024

This study investigated the associations of sarcopenic obesity (SO) with muscle strength and physical performance in sufficiently active older adults. Data from 72 older sarcopenic obese adults classified as sufficiently active were analyzed. Participants were categorized into four groups based on sex and SO status. Muscle strength/physical performance tests were compared using independent sample t-tests. Multiple linear regression and binary logistic regression were performed to examine the associations between SO and muscle strength and physical performance, adjusting for confounding variables. Only handgrip strength showed differences between SO groups, regardless of sex (p < 0.05). SO negatively explained the variability of handgrip strength (p < 0.05). An increase in handgrip strength values was associated with a decrease in the chances of older adults being classified as SO (p < 0.05). The findings suggest that even with SO, sufficiently active older adults did not present a significant reduction in muscle strength in the lower limbs and physical performance.
Smartphone application-based rehabilitation in patients with chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Chung Chiwook , Kim Ah-Ram , Kim Dongbum , Kwon Hee , Lee Seong Ho , Jang Il-Young , Jo Min-Woo , Kang Do-Yoon , Lee Sei Won
Published: February 2024

Rehabilitation improves symptoms, quality of life, and survival in patients with chronic respiratory or cardiovascular disease. We evaluated smartphone application-based rehabilitation programs for patients with chronic respiratory or cardiovascular diseases. This was a single-center prospective single arm study. Participants underwent smartphone application-based pulmonary or cardiac rehabilitation for 12 weeks. A total of 93 participants were recruited, and 75 visited after rehabilitation. Their median age was 67.0 (interquartile range, 60.0–70.8) years, and 60 (80.0%) were men. For patients with chronic respiratory disease (n = 41), VO2peak (median 13.7 to 15.4 ml/kg/min, P = 0.049), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment test (median 14 to 6, P < 0.001), Euro-QoL 5-Dimension 5-Level (EQ-5D-5L) index (median 0.795 to 0.862, P = 0.001), and Health-related Quality of Life Instrument with 8 Items (HINT-8) index (median 0.784 to 0.855, P < 0.001) were significantly improved. For patients with chronic cardiovascular disease (n = 34), VO2peak (median 21.8 to 23.3, P = 0.007), EQ-5D-5L index (median 0.871 to 1.000, P = 0.037), and HINT-8 index (median 0.890 to 0.903, P < 0.001) were significantly improved. The smartphone application-based rehabilitation program improved exercise capacity and quality of life in patients with chronic respiratory or cardiovascular disease.

Trial registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05383950 (20/05/2022).
Vitamin K2 protects mice against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease induced by high-fat diet
Authors: Zhao Peizuo , Yang Weidong , Xiao Huiyu , Zhang Shuaishuai , Gao Chuanzhou , Piao Hua , Liu Lihong , Li Shuzhuang
Published: February 2024

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases worldwide and there is a huge unmet need to find safer and more effective drugs. Vitamin K has been found to regulate lipid metabolism in the liver. However, the effects of vitamin K2 on NAFLD is unclear. This study aims to evaluate the preventive and therapeutic effects of vitamin K2 in the process of fatty liver formation and to explore molecular mechanisms the associated with lipid metabolism. A non-alcoholic fatty liver model was established by high-fat diet administration for three months. Vitamin K2 significantly reduced the body weight, abdominal circumference and body fat percentage of NAFLD mice. Vitamin K2 also showed histological benefits in reducing hepatic steatosis. NAFLD mice induced by high-fat diet showed increased HMGR while vitamin K2 intervention could reverse the pathological lterations. Adiponectin (APN) is an endogenous bioactive polypeptide or protein secreted by adipocytes. We detected APN, SOD, AlaDH and other indicators that may affect the state of high-fat diet mice, but the experimental results showed that the above indicators did not change significantly. It is worth noting that the effect of vitamin K2 supplementation on the lipid-lowering effect of uc OC in vivo needs to be further explored. This study first reported the protective effect of vitamin K2 on high-fat diet-induced NAFLD in mice. The protective effect of vitamin K2 may be related to the improvement of lipid metabolism disorder in NAFLD.
Research on the death psychology among Chinese during and after the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Li Xiaowen , He Yuanqing
Published: February 2024

Under the threat of the novel coronavirus, people are compelled to contemplate some ultimate existential questions, such as life and death. This study collected texts related to the death psychology from Sina Weibo, and after data cleaning, a total of 3868 Weibo texts were included. Study 1 employed grounded theory from qualitative research to explore the core categories and evolutionary mechanisms of people's psychology when facing death threats in the context of the pandemic. Study 2 utilized big data mining techniques such as topic mining and semantic network analysis to validate the effectiveness of the death psychology theory developed in qualitative research. The findings demonstrate that within the “Emotion–Cognition–Behavior-Value” framework, the implications of death threats manifest in four aspects: death anxiety, death cognition, coping efficacy, and sense of meaning. As time progresses, the study of death psychology can be segmented into four distinct phases: the tranquil phase prior to lifting pandemic restrictions, the threat phase at lifting pandemic restrictions onset, the coping phase mid-lifting pandemic restrictions, and the reformative phase post-lifting pandemic restrictions. The calculated outcomes of topic mining and semantic network analysis corroborate the coding results and theories derived from the grounded theory. This reaffirms that data mining technology can be a potent tool for validating grounded theory.
Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy in urinalysis of hypertension patients with kidney disease
Authors: Espinosa-Garavito Alberto C. , Quiroz Elkin Navarro , Galán-Freyle Nataly J. , Aroca-Martinez Gustavo , Hernández-Rivera Samuel P. , Villa-Medina Joe , Méndez-López Maximiliano , Gomez-Escorcia Lorena , Acosta-Hoyos Antonio , Pacheco-Lugo Lisandro , Espitia-Almeida Fabián , Pacheco-Londoño Leonardo C.
Published: February 2024

Arterial hypertension (AH) is a multifactorial and asymptomatic disease that affects vital organs such as the kidneys and heart. Considering its prevalence and the associated severe health repercussions, hypertension has become a disease of great relevance for public health across the globe. Conventionally, the classification of an individual as hypertensive or non-hypertensive is conducted through ambulatory blood pressure monitoring over a 24-h period. Although this method provides a reliable diagnosis, it has notable limitations, such as additional costs, intolerance experienced by some patients, and interferences derived from physical activities. Moreover, some patients with significant renal impairment may not present proteinuria. Accordingly, alternative methodologies are applied for the classification of individuals as hypertensive or non-hypertensive, such as the detection of metabolites in urine samples through liquid chromatography or mass spectrometry. However, the high cost of these techniques limits their applicability for clinical use. Consequently, an alternative methodology was developed for the detection of molecular patterns in urine collected from hypertension patients. This study generated a direct discrimination model for hypertensive and non-hypertensive individuals through the amplification of Raman signals in urine samples based on gold nanoparticles and supported by chemometric techniques such as partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Specifically, 162 patient urine samples were used to create a PLS-DA model. These samples included 87 urine samples from patients diagnosed with hypertension and 75 samples from non-hypertensive volunteers. In the AH group, 35 patients were diagnosed with kidney damage and were further classified into a subgroup termed (RAH). The PLS-DA model with 4 latent variables (LV) was used to classify the hypertensive patients with external validation prediction (P) sensitivity of 86.4%, P specificity of 77.8%, and P accuracy of 82.5%. This study demonstrates the ability of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy to differentiate between hypertensive and non-hypertensive patients through urine samples, representing a significant advance in the detection and management of AH. Additionally, the same model was then used to discriminate only patients diagnosed with renal damage and controls with a P sensitivity of 100%, P specificity of 77.8%, and P accuracy of 82.5%.
Fractional view analysis of sexual transmitted human papilloma virus infection for public health
Authors: Bahi Mohammed Cherif , Bahramand Salma , Jan Rashid , Boulaaras Salah , Ahmad Hassan , Guefaifia Rafik
Published: February 2024

The infection of human papilloma virus (HPV) poses a global public health challenge, particularly in regions with limited access to health care and preventive measures, contributing to health disparities and increased disease burden. In this research work, we present a new model to explore the transmission dynamics of HPV infection, incorporating the impact of vaccination through the Atangana–Baleanu derivative. We establish the positivity and uniqueness of the solution for the proposed model HPV infection. The threshold parameter is determined through the next-generation matrix method, symbolized by $${\mathcal {R}}_0$$

R
0

. Moreover, we investigate the local asymptotic stability of the infection-free steady-state of the system. The existence of the solutions of the recommended model is determined through fixed-point theory. A numerical scheme is presented to visualize the dynamical behavior of the system with variation of input factors. We have shown the impact of input parameters on the dynamics of the system through numerical simulations. The findings of our investigation delineated the principal parameters exerting significant influence for the control and prevention of HPV infection.
Green cocoon-derived sericin reduces cellular damage caused by radiation in human keratinocytes
Authors: Kakihara Nahoko , Sato Momoko , Shirai Ayaki , Koguchi Mizuki , Yamauchi Shiori , Nakano Toshimichi , Sasamoto Ryuta , Sato Hideyo
Published: February 2024

Radiation therapy used in the treatment of cancer causes skin damage, and no method of care has been established thus far. Recently, it has become clear that sericin derived from silkworm cocoons has moisturizing and antioxidant functions. In addition, green cocoon-derived sericin, which is rich in flavonoids, may have enhanced functions. However, whether this green cocoon-derived sericin can reduce radiotherapy-induced skin damage is unclear. In the present study, we aimed at establishing care methods to reduce skin cell damage caused by X-irradiation using green cocoon-derived sericin. We investigated its effect on human keratinocytes using lactate dehydrogenase activity to indicate damage reduction. Our results showed that green cocoon-derived sericin reduced cell damage caused by X-irradiation. However, this effect was not observed when cells were treated before X-irradiation or with a sericin derived from white cocoons. In addition, green cocoon-derived sericin decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation. Our results suggest that green cocoon sericin mitigates the damaging effect of X-irradiation on cells, hence presenting potential usefulness in reducing skin damage from radiation therapy and opening new avenues in the care of cancer patients.
Locally opposite responses of the 2023 Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei extreme rainfall event to global anthropogenic warming
Authors: Zhao Dajun , Xu Hongxiong , Li Ying , Yu Yubin , Duan Yihong , Xu Xiangde , Chen Lianshou
Published: February 2024

The effect of anthropogenic warming on extreme rainfall events is a hot topic in this era of global warming, and increasing attention is being paid to its impact at regional and local scales. We explore the localized response of precipitation during the high-impact “23·7” extreme rainfall event in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region under anthropogenic warming using ensemble convective-permitting simulations. We identify two sub-regions with opposite responses: anthropogenic warming decreased (increased) precipitation in the northern (southern) sub-region of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei area. Further analysis shows that anthropogenic warming intensified the remnant of Typhoon Dusuari and increased rainfall in its inner core but decreased rainfall in the peripheral spiral rain band. These are the main reasons for the locally inconsistent responses of extreme rainfall to anthropogenic warming. We emphasize that anthropogenic warming, as a global background signal, directly affects the intensity and structure of specific weather systems rather than local precipitation. A high-impact extreme rainfall event, therefore, cannot always be simply attributed to climate warming enhancing precipitation at every location in a particular region.
Uncertainty-aware deep-learning model for prediction of supratentorial hematoma expansion from admission non-contrast head computed tomography scan
Authors: Tran Anh T. , Zeevi Tal , Haider Stefan P. , Abou Karam Gaby , Berson Elisa R. , Tharmaseelan Hishan , Qureshi Adnan I. , Sanelli Pina C. , Werring David J. , Malhotra Ajay , Petersen Nils H. , de Havenon Adam , Falcone Guido J. , Sheth Kevin N. , Payabvash Seyedmehdi
Published: February 2024

Hematoma expansion (HE) is a modifiable risk factor and a potential treatment target in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We aimed to train and validate deep-learning models for high-confidence prediction of supratentorial ICH expansion, based on admission non-contrast head Computed Tomography (CT). Applying Monte Carlo dropout and entropy of deep-learning model predictions, we estimated the model uncertainty and identified patients at high risk of HE with high confidence. Using the receiver operating characteristics area under the curve (AUC), we compared the deep-learning model prediction performance with multivariable models based on visual markers of HE determined by expert reviewers. We randomly split a multicentric dataset of patients (4-to-1) into training/cross-validation (n = 634) versus test (n = 159) cohorts. We trained and tested separate models for prediction of ≥6 mL and ≥3 mL ICH expansion. The deep-learning models achieved an AUC = 0.81 for high-confidence prediction of HE≥6 mL and AUC = 0.80 for prediction of HE≥3 mL, which were higher than visual maker models AUC = 0.69 for HE≥6 mL (p = 0.036) and AUC = 0.68 for HE≥3 mL (p = 0.043). Our results show that fully automated deep-learning models can identify patients at risk of supratentorial ICH expansion based on admission non-contrast head CT, with high confidence, and more accurately than benchmark visual markers.
Gliomas: a reflection of temporal gliogenic principles
Authors: Sojka Caitlin , Sloan Steven A.
Published: February 2024

The hijacking of early developmental programs is a canonical feature of gliomas where neoplastic cells resemble neurodevelopmental lineages and possess mechanisms of stem cell resilience. Given these parallels, uncovering how and when in developmental time gliomagenesis intersects with normal trajectories can greatly inform our understanding of tumor biology. Here, we review how elapsing time impacts the developmental principles of astrocyte (AS) and oligodendrocyte (OL) lineages, and how these same temporal programs are replicated, distorted, or circumvented in pathological settings such as gliomas. Additionally, we discuss how normal gliogenic processes can inform our understanding of the temporal progression of gliomagenesis, including when in developmental time gliomas originate, thrive, and can be pushed towards upon therapeutic coercion.
A highly tuneable inverse emulsion polymerization for the synthesis of stimuli-responsive nanoparticles for biomedical applications
Authors: Murphy Andrew C. , Oldenkamp Heidi F. , Peppas Nicholas A.
Published: February 2024

This article demonstrates an inverse emulsion scheme to polymerize a variety of ionizable and non-ionizable monomers to form stimuli-responsive nanoparticles with potential applications in biomaterials science.
Tuning the electronic properties of asymmetric YZrCOF MXene for water splitting applications: an ab initio study
Authors: Ould-Mohamed Mounir , Ouahrani Tarik , Ougherb Chewki , Franco Ruth , Errandonea Daniel
Published: February 2024

Identifying and evaluating novel and extremely stable materials for catalysis is one of the major challenges that mankind faces today to rapidly reduce the dependence on fossil fuels.
CYCU-3: an Al(iii)-based MOF for SO2 capture and detection
Authors: Obeso Juan L. , López-Cervantes Valeria B. , Flores Catalina V. , Martínez Ana , Amador-Sánchez Yoarhy A. , Portillo-Velez N. S. , Lara-García Hugo A. , Leyva Carolina , Solis-Ibarra Diego , Peralta Ricardo A.
Published: February 2024

The Al(iii)-based MOF CYCU-3 was evaluated for its SO2 adsorption and detection performance.
Heteroanion induced structural asymmetricity centered on Ru sites switches the rate-determining step of acid water oxidation
Authors: Chen Ding , Zhao Hongyu , Yu Ruohan , Yu Kesong , Zhu Jiawei , Jiao Jixiang , Mu Xueqin , Yu Jun , Wu Jinsong , Mu Shichun
Published: February 2024

The intervening Se induces the structural asymmetricity of Ru-S6 octahedrons and then regulates the electronic structure of the active Ru site, which possesses excellent acid water oxidation performance as an Ir-free catalyst.
Effects of the ApoE genotype on cognitive function in aging mice fed with a high-fat diet and the protective potential of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
Authors: Zhang Xin , Xie Tianzhi , Zhou Shuang , Yuan Yingxuan , Chen Weixuan , Zheng Jie , Liu Xuebo , Yuan Tian , Lu Yanhui , Liu Zhigang
Published: February 2024

The ApoE4 allele is the strongest genetic determinant for AD, while obesity is a strong environmental risk for AD. Importantly, n-3 PUFAs may serve as a strategic nutritional intervention for brain health, especially for ApoE4 carriers.
Design and synthesis of novel chloropyridazine hybrids as promising anticancer agents acting by apoptosis induction and PARP-1 inhibition through a molecular hybridization strategy
Authors: Abdelrahman Norhan A. , Al-Karmalawy Ahmed A. , Jaballah Maiy Y. , Yahya Galal , Sharaky Marwa , Abouzid Khaled A. M.
Published: February 2024

Novel chloropyridazine hybrids as promising anticancer agents acting by apoptosis induction and PARP-1 inhibition through a molecular hybridization strategy.
Kinematics of electromigration-driven sliding of Co nanorod fillers inside multi-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Adachi Kensuke , Matsuyama Shogo , Sakai Yuki , Kohno Hideo
Published: February 2024

Specially-designed nanoscale electromigration experiments combined with in situ TEM observation enable us to determine the intensities of the force of electromigration and the sliding friction working on Co nanorod fillers moving inside MWCNTs.
Superalkali halide perovskites with suitable direct band gaps for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Zhou Tingwei , Kuang Anlong
Published: February 2024

Li(H2O)3+ is introduced into 3D Sn/PbI3 frames. Li(H2O)3MI3 perovskites have direct band gaps and excellent electron transitions. PCE of 33.49% was obtained for the cubic Li(H2O)3PbI3 perovskite.
Sulfurized polyacrylonitrile as cathodes for advanced lithium–sulfur batteries: advances in modification strategies
Authors: Wu Xiaolin , Zhao Yaqi , Li Hang , Zhou Cheng , Wang Xuanpeng , Du Lingzhi
Published: February 2024

The latest progress in the last five years concerning the modification of S@PAN cathode materials for Li–S batteries.
Synthesis and characterization of light-responsive biodegradable tubular polymersomes
Authors: Zhu Yanyan , Li Zhezhe , Wang Suzhen , Gu Jian , Reis Rui L. , Che Hailong
Published: February 2024

The synthesis and characterization of biodegradable photo-responsive tubular polymersomes were reported, and their triggered shape-transformation was explored.
First-principles study of highly sensitive graphene/hexagonal boron nitride heterostructures for application in toxic gas-sensing devices
Authors: Phung Viet Bac T. , Pham Ba Lich , Duy Nguyen Vo Anh , Dang Minh Triet , Tran Thi Nhan , Tran Quang-Huy , Luong Thi Theu , Dinh Van An
Published: February 2024

Density Functional Theory (DFT) was employed to investigate the sensitivity and selectivity of graphene/h-BN heterostructures for application in toxic gas sensing devices.
A green extraction process for the selective recovery of Sc(iii) based on hydrophobic betaine derivative ionic liquids
Authors: Su Xiang , Liu Huipeng , Tian Gang
Published: February 2024

Two novel ILs, [Laur][Tf2N] and [Coca][Tf2N], were developed as extractants. Sc(iii) could be recovered from other REs with high separation and extraction efficiency, allowing ILs to be recycled.
Design of gum Arabic/gelatin composite microcapsules and their cosmetic applications in encapsulating tea tree essential oil
Authors: Yang Wei , Gong Yuxi , Wang Yansong , Wu Chao , Zhang Xiangyu , Li Jinlian , Wu Dongmei
Published: February 2024

Microencapsulation has been widely used to protect essential oils, facilitating their application in cosmetics.
Synergistic enhancement of electrocatalytic nitroarene hydrogenation over Mo2C@MoS2 heteronanorods with dual active-sites
Authors: Zhang Wanling , Zhang Wenbiao , Yu Kun , Tan Jingwen , Tang Yi , Gao Qingsheng
Published: February 2024

Interfacial enhancement is evidenced on Mo2C@MoS2 heteronanorods for the efficient nitroarenes ECH, which promotes the bindings of H* and nitro substrates on Mo2C–MoS2 interfaces toward the fast elementary steps of the Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism.
Recent advances in electrolyte molecular design for alkali metal batteries
Authors: Ruan Digen , Cui Zhuangzhuang , Fan Jiajia , Wang Dazhuang , Wu Yiying , Ren Xiaodi
Published: February 2024

In response to societal developments and the growing demand for high-energy-density battery systems, alkali metal batteries (AMBs) have emerged as promising candidates for next-generation energy storage.
Solutal Marangoni force controls lateral motion of electrolytic gas bubbles
Authors: Zhang Hongguang , Ma Yunqing , Huang Mengyuan , Mutschke Gerd , Zhang Xianren
Published: February 2024

The MD and CFD indicate that the lateral solutal Marangoni force originating from an asymmetric distribution of dissolved gas causes bubbles oscillation and self-pinning effect.
V4C3 MXene-derived Zn0.99V5O12·nH2O nanoribbons as advanced cathodes for ultra-long life aqueous zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Xiao Wenhai , Yang Shenghong , Jiang Rui , Huang Qiaofeng , Shi Xiaoyan , Tsang Yuen Hong , Shao Lianyi , Sun Zhipeng
Published: February 2024

Zn0.99V5O12·nH2O nanoribbons deliver a low decay ratio of 0.000687% per cycle at 5 A g−1 over 15 000 cycles due to low charge transfer resistance, high DZn2+, high capacitive contribution, and excellent reversible phase transition.
Insight into oxygen diffusion mechanism in ionomer film on catalyst surface with varying perfluorosulfonic acid and water contents
Authors: You Jiabin , Li Huiyuan , Feng Yong , Cheng Xiaojing , Luo Liuxuan , Yang Daihui , Wei Guanghua , Shen Shuiyun , Yan Xiaohui , Zhang Junliang
Published: February 2024

Classic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to explore the effects of perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) polymers and water content on the nanostructures of ionomer film on Pt/C surfaces and the corresponding oxygen diffusion mechanisms.
Bortezomib-loaded immunoliposomes against CD44 expressing macrophages: an interplay for inflammation resolution
Authors: Nasra Simran , Shukla Haly , Patel Milonee , Kumar Ashutosh
Published: February 2024

Enhanced uptake of Bortezomib Immunoliposome via CD44 receptor and activation of apoptosis in inflammatory macrophages.
Probing the stability of metal–organic frameworks by structure-responsive mass spectrometry imaging
Authors: Lin Yue , Min Ke , Ma Wende , Yang Xuezhi , Lu Dawei , Lin Zhenyu , Liu Qian , Jiang Guibin
Published: February 2024

A new structure-responsive mass spectrometry imaging technique reveals the change of stability for metal–organic frameworks.
Enhancement of circularly polarized electroluminescence via reflection reversal under a magnetic field
Authors: Suzuki Seika , Yamamoto Yuta , Kitahara Maho , Shikura Ryuta , Yagi Shigeyuki , Imai Yoshitane
Published: February 2024

Red-MCPEL could be emitted from an MCP-OLED containing achiral PtOEP under a 1.7-T EMF. The degree of light rotation and luminance of this CP-OLED can be amplified through the synergistic effects of light reflection reversal and an EMF.
The universal variability of the stellar initial mass function probed by the TIMER survey
Authors: Martín-Navarro Ignacio , de Lorenzo-Cáceres Adriana , Gadotti Dimitri A. , Méndez-Abreu Jairo , Falcón-Barroso Jesús , Sánchez-Blázquez Patricia , Coelho Paula , Neumann Justus , van de Ven Glenn , Pérez Isabel
Published: February 2024

The debate about the universality of the stellar initial mass function (IMF) revolves around two competing lines of evidence. While measurements in the Milky Way, an archetypal spiral galaxy, seem to support an invariant IMF, the observed properties of massive early-type galaxies (ETGs) favor an IMF somehow sensitive to the local star-formation conditions. However, the fundamental methodological and physical differences between the two approaches have hampered a comprehensive understanding of IMF variations. Here, we describe an improved modeling scheme that, for the first time, allows consistent IMF measurements across stellar populations with different ages and complex star-formation histories (SFHs). Making use of the exquisite MUSE optical data from the TIMER survey and powered by the MILES stellar population models, we show the age, metallicity, [Mg/Fe], and IMF slope maps of the inner regions of NGC 3351, a spiral galaxy with a mass similar to that of the Milky Way. The measured IMF values in NGC 3351 follow the expectations from a Milky Way-like IMF, although they simultaneously show systematic and spatially coherent variations, particularly for low-mass stars. In addition, our stellar population analysis reveals the presence of metal-poor and Mg-enhanced star-forming regions that appear to be predominantly enriched by the stellar ejecta of core-collapse supernovae. Our findings therefore showcase the potential of detailed studies of young stellar populations to provide the means to better understand the early stages of galaxy evolution and, in particular, the origin of the observed IMF variations beyond and within the Milky Way.
Investigating X-ray emission in the GeV-emitting compact symmetric objects PKS 1718–649 and TXS 1146+596
Authors: Bronzini E. , Migliori G. , Vignali C. , Sobolewska M. , Stawarz Ł. , Siemiginowska A. , Orienti M. , D’Ammando F. , Giroletti M. , Principe G. , Balasubramaniam K.
Published: February 2024

Aims. Compact symmetric objects (CSOs) are thought to represent the first step in the evolutionary path of radio galaxies. In the present study, we investigated the X-ray emission of two CSOs confirmed to emit at GeV energies: PKS 1718–649 and TXS 1146+596. Unveiling the origin of their observed high-energy emission is crucial to establishing the physical parameters of the radio source and understanding how CSOs interact with the surrounding medium.

Methods. We combined archival and new NuSTAR observations of PKS 1718–649 and TXS 1146+596 to have broadband X-ray coverage. For both sources, we modeled the broadband spectral energy distribution (SED) from the radio band up to γ-rays in order to derive their physical parameters. We also discuss the role of the ambient medium in confining the source expansion, which we investigate using X-ray obscuration.

Results. For the first time, we report X-ray detections of PKS 1718–649 and 1146+596 with NuSTAR at energies higher than 10 keV. Combining Chandra and NuSTAR observations of TXS 1146+596, we reveal the presence of a multitemperature thermal component dominating the soft X-ray spectrum, and we interpret this finding as indicative of an AGN feedback process in action in this source. In addition, we show that two emitting electron populations are necessary to reproduce the observed broadband SED of TXS 1146+596: in our models, the X-ray emission could either be produced by synchrotron radiation or by a weak X-ray corona, or could be an ADAF-type emission. Interestingly, an additional X-ray component, namely a weak corona, is also required for PKS 1718–649. Moreover, we argue that heavily obscured and possibly frustrated sources tend to show different radio sizes with respect to those that are unobscured and free to expand.
Ammonia observations of Planck cold cores
Authors: Berdikhan Dilda , Esimbek Jarken , Henkel Christian , Zhou Jianjun , Tang Xindi , Liu Tie , Wu Gang , Li Dalei , He Yuxin , Komesh Toktarkhan , Tursun Kadirya , Zhou Dongdong , Imanaly Ernar , Jandaolet Qaynar
Published: February 2024

Single-pointing observations of NH3 (1,1) and (2,2) were conducted toward 672 Planck Early Cold Cores (ECCs) using the Nanshan 26-m radio telescope. Out of these sources, a detection rate of 37% (249 cores) was achieved, with a NH3 (1,1) hyperfine structure detected in 187 cores and NH3 (2,2) emission lines detected in 76 of them. The detection rate of NH3 is positively correlated with the continuum emission fluxes at a frequency of 857 GHz. Among the observed 672 cores, ~22% have associated stellar and infrared objects within the beam size (~2′). This suggests that most of the cores in our sample may be starless. The kinetic temperatures of the cores range from 8.9 to 20.7 K, with an average of 12.3 K, indicating a coupling between gas and dust temperatures. The ammonia column densities range from 3.6 × 1014 to 6.07 × 1015 cm−2, with a median value of 2.04 × 1015 cm−2. The fractional abundances of ammonia range from 0.3 to 9.7 × 10−7, with an average of 2.7 × 10−7, which is one order of magnitude larger than that of massive star-forming (MSF) regions and infrared dark clouds (IRDCs). The correlation between thermal and nonthermal velocity dispersion of the NH3 (1,1) inversion transition indicates the dominance of supersonic nonthermal motions in the dense gas traced by NH3, and the relationship between these two parameters in Planck cold cores is weaker, with lower values observed for both parameters relative to other samples under our examination. The cumulative distribution shapes of line widths in the Planck cold cores closely resemble those of the dense cores found in regions of Cepheus, in addition to Orion L1630 and L1641, with higher values compared to Ophiuchus.
Soft-state optical spectroscopy of the black hole MAXI J1305-704
Authors: Miceli C. , Mata Sánchez D. , Anitra A. , Muñoz-Darias T. , Di Salvo T. , Iaria R. , Marino A. , Leone W. , Del Santo M. , Armas-Padilla M. , Degenaar N. , Miller J. M. , Reynolds M.
Published: February 2024

The X-ray dipper MAXI J1305-704 is a dynamically confirmed black hole (BH) X-ray binary discovered a decade ago. While its only outburst has been studied in detail in X-rays, follow-up at other wavelengths has been scarce. We report here the results from an optical spectroscopy campaign across the outburst of MAXI J1305-704. We analysed two epochs of data obtained by theMagellan ClayTelescope during two consecutive nights, when the source was in a soft X-ray spectral state. We identified typical emission lines from outbursting low-mass X-ray binaries, such as the hydrogen Balmer series, He II4686 Å and the Bowen blend. We focused our analysis on the prominent Hαline, which exhibits asymmetric emission and variable absorption components. We applied both traditional analytical methods and machine-learning techniques in order to explore the association of the absorption features with outflowing phenomena, and we conclude that they are best explained by broad absorption. This result is consistent with reports from other outbursting BHs, where optical outflows have predominantly been observed in the hard state. Further observations at different X-ray states are key to properly test whether this behaviour is universal and to determine the implications for the disc wind physics.