bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do We Need Metacognition for Creativity? A Necessary Condition Analysis of Creative Metacognition
Authors: Urban Marek , Urban Kamila
Published: February 2023

Recent studies suggest that metacognitive knowledge and accurate metacognitive monitoring are associated with higher creativity. However, previous findings were based solely on traditional statistical analyses applying sufficiency causal logic. Necessary condition analysis (NCA) is a novel methodological approach that tests whether a given predictor represents a necessary condition that allows an outcome to exist. Employing NCA, the present study examines whether accuracy of metacognitive monitoring is a necessary condition for creative performance. The study involved 385 participants and tested whether accurate metacognitive monitoring in the Unusual Uses Task was a necessary condition for creative performance in the more complex Product Improvement Task. Two accuracy indices (the Absolute Accuracy Index and Bias Index) were calculated for self-evaluation and comparison judgments. In both cases, the NCA results showed that accurate metacognitive monitoring was a necessary condition for creative performance with a large ceiling effect, median d = .42. This finding suggests that certain levels of metacognitive accuracy are necessary for high creativity to occur; i.e., individuals with inaccurate metacognitive monitoring may not exhibit high creativity. Additional linear and non-linear modeling (regression splines) identified moderate associations between metacognitive monitoring and creativity, with median R2 = 8%.
Flexibility in continuous judgements of gender/sex and race
Authors: Atwood S. , Gibson Dominic , Briones Sofia , Olson Kristina
Published: February 2023

Across six pre-registered studies (N = 1292; recruited from university subject pools and Prolific Academic), we investigate how face perception along the dimensions of gender/sex and race can vary based on immediate contextual information as well as personal experience. In Studies 1a and 1b we find that when placing stimuli along a continuum from male to female, cisgender participants sort prototypical gender/sex faces in a bimodal fashion and show less consensus and greater error when placing faces of intermediate gender/sex. We replicate and extend these findings to race in Study 2. In Study 3, we test whether sorting patterns can be influenced by pre-existing experiences, and find evidence that transgender/nonbinary participants show less error than cisgender heterosexual participants when sorting intermediary faces. Finally, in Studies 4 and 5, we test whether cisgender participants’ judgments of intermediary faces along the continuum are influenced by the specific circumstances under which they are asked to sort. Here, we find that changing the sorting framework to include a third category resulted in less error when placing intermediary faces along the continuum than when participants were provided with only two category labels or two categories and a line at the midpoint, suggesting that new perceptual categories introduced with minimal training can be adopted quickly and successfully in a perceptual task. These data suggest that both long term life experiences and quick experimental interventions can shape how we think about gender/sex and race.
Situational States Influence on Team Workload Demands in Cyber Defense Exercise
Authors: Ask Torvald F. , Sütterlin Stefan , Knox Benjamin J. , Lugo Ricardo
Published: February 2023

Cyber operations are increasingly automated processes that can occur at computational speed with the intent of reducing, or denying time for good decision making or time to ground communication between human agents. There is a lack of performance measures and metrics in cyber operation settings. One potential setting describing human performance could be emotional stability under stress. Measures of higher individual affective variability indicate more emotional adaptability and allows for measuring individuals as dynamic systems. Previous research in other security-sensitive high-stake situations has shown that individuals with less emotional adaptability display maladaptive behaviors while individuals with more emotional adaptability can adapt more efficiently to changing situations, show more confidence in their own abilities and skills, and display better performance. We hypothesized that measurements of affective variability during a cyber defense exercise will be associated with team workload demands. Data was collected from 13 cadets during the Norwegian Defence Cyber Academy’s annual Cyber Defense Exercise. Three indicators of individual affective variability were measured daily with the Self-Assessment Manikin and compared to scores on the Team Workload Questionnaire. We found that affective variability was negatively associated with team workload demands. Participants with higher affective variability, as measured by the Self-Assessment Manikin, will impose less workload demands on the team, which can lead to better outcomes. This is the first study to assess how individual emotional adaptability affects team dynamics in a cyber defense setting. Future research should include variable measurements as they may have better explanatory power for performance measurements.
Moral barrier to compassion: How perceived badness of sufferers dampens observers’ compassionate responses
Authors: Yu Hongbo , Chen Jie , Dardaine Bernadette , Yang Fan
Published: February 2023

Compassion has been theorized as a desirable prosocial emotion due to its potential to transcend arbitrary boundaries (e.g., race, physical distance) and motivate us to alleviate the suffering of all human beings. Our paper nevertheless examines a potential moral barrier to compassion––whether and how moral evaluations of the suffering and the sufferer hinder our compassion and prosocial motivation. In four pre-registered studies (total N = 421, within-participant design), we demonstrated that adult U.S. participants withheld their compassion and willingness to help when they perceived moral badness of the sufferer, even when the perceived moral badness did not directly cause the suffering. The effects were found in terms of diverse types of moral judgments, including the sufferers’ immoral intention (e.g., harming another; Study 1), bad moral character (e.g., being a dishonest person; Study 2), and even mere associations with groups perceived as deserving of suffering based on moral status (Studies 3-4). Deservedness judgment––how much the sufferer was viewed as deserving the suffering––mediated the effect between moral judgment and compassionate responses. Importantly, participants judged withholding compassion based on moral deservedness as what should be done and what morally good people would do, suggesting that people hold a normative view of the tendency that might make it difficult to overcome. Our findings thus reveal moral judgment as a barrier that prevents us from alleviating the suffering of all human beings.
Why and how to embrace AI such as ChatGPT in your academic life
Authors: Lin Zhicheng
Published: February 2023

Generative artificial intelligence (AI), including large language models (LLMs), is poised to transform scientific research, enabling researchers to elevate their research productivity. This article presents a how-to guide for employing LLMs in academic settings, focusing on their unique strengths, constraints, and implications through the lens of philosophy of science and epistemology. Using ChatGPT as a case study, I identify and elaborate on three attributes contributing to its effectiveness—intelligence, versatility, and collaboration—accompanied by tips on crafting effective prompts, practical use cases, and a living resource online (https://osf.io/8vpwu/). Next, I evaluate the limitations of generative AI and its implications for ethical use, equality, and education. Regarding ethical and responsible use, I argue from technical and epistemic standpoints that there is no need to restrict the scope or nature of AI assistance, provided that its use is transparently disclosed. A pressing challenge, however, lies in detecting fake research, which can be mitigated by embracing open science practices, such as transparent peer review and sharing data, code, and materials. Addressing equality, I contend that while generative AI may promote equality for some, it may simultaneously exacerbate disparities for others—an issue with potentially significant yet unclear ramifications as it unfolds. Lastly, I consider the implications for education, advocating for active engagement with LLMs and cultivating students’ critical thinking and analytical skills. The how-to guide seeks to empower researchers with the knowledge and resources necessary to effectively harness generative AI while navigating the complex ethical dilemmas intrinsic to its application.
The Face of Getting Over: Facial Formidability Informs Expectations for the Performance of Male Professional Wrestlers
Authors: Brown Mitch
Published: February 2023

The simulated nature of professional wrestling requires promoters to identify performers who appear capable of winning legitimate fights. This appearance may track ancestrally relevant morphological features from which perceivers accurately infer men’s formidability. One feature through which perceivers infer men’s formidability is their facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR), which is diagnostic of men’s actual fighting ability and connotes heightened aggression. This study considered how fWHR informs how professional wrestling fans evaluate the effectiveness of men in their performance. Participants evaluated the extent to which men appeared effective at utilizing various performance styles and how likely they would be to promote these men to the top positions in a company. High-fWHR men appeared most effective as brawlers and powerhouses but less effective in more technical performances compared to low-fWHR men. Formidability additionally tracked an interest in positioning men to be stars of a company. These results indicate how functional formidability inferences inform modern decision-making in simulated combat based on expectations of physical prowess.
Acoustic and Semantic Processing of Auditory Scenes in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Yerkes Breanne , der Nederlanden Christina M. Vanden Bosch , Beasley Julie , Hannon Erin , Snyder Joel S.
Published: February 2023

Purpose: Processing real-world sounds requires acoustic and higher-order semantic information. We tested the theory that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show enhanced processing of acoustic features and impaired processing of semantic information. Methods: We used a change deafness task that required detection of speech and non-speech auditory objects being replaced and a speech-in-noise task using spoken sentences that must be comprehended in the presence of background speech to examine the extent to which 7-15 year old children with ASD (n=27) rely on acoustic and semantic information, compared to age-matched (n=27) and IQ-matched (n=27) groups of typically developing (TD) children. Within a larger group of 7-15 year old TD children (n=105) we correlated IQ, ASD symptoms, and the use of acoustic and semantic information.Results: Children with ASD performed worse overall at the change deafness task relative to the age-matched TD controls, but they did not differ from IQ-matched controls. All groups utilized acoustic and semantic information similarly and displayed an attentional bias towards changes that involved the human voice. Similarly, for the speech-in-noise task, age-matched--but not IQ-matched--TD controls performed better overall than the ASD group. However, all groups used semantic context to a similar degree. Among TD children, neither IQ nor the presence of ASD symptoms predict the use of acoustic or semantic information. Conclusion: Children with and without ASD used acoustic and semantic information similarly during auditory change deafness and speech-in-noise tasks. Furthermore, deficits on complex auditory tasks may be more related to IQ than an ASD diagnosis per se.
Human-Human Communication in Cyber Threat Situations: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ask Torvald F. , Lugo Ricardo , Knox Benjamin J. , Sütterlin Stefan
Published: February 2023

Abstract. In cyber threat situations, decision-making within organizations and between the affected organization and external entities are high-stake situations. They require human communication entailing technical complexity, time pressure, interdisciplinary, and often insufficient information basis. Communication in cyber threat situations within socio-technical systems can thus be challenging and has a variety of implications for decision-making. The cyber-physical system is a rapidly changing socio-technical system that is understudied in terms of how cyber events are communicated and acted upon to secure and maintain cyber resilience. The present study is the first to review human-to-human communication in cyber threat situations. Our aims are to (1) outline how human-human communication performance in cybersecurity settings have been studied; (2) to uncover areas where there is potential for developing common standards for information exchange in collaborative settings, and; (3) to provide guidance for future research efforts. The review was carried out according to the PRISMA guidelines and articles were searched for on Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Taylor & Francis, and IEEE. Primary research articles and reviews focusing on human-human communication in cyber threat situations published in peer reviewed journals or as conference papers were included. A total of 17 studies were included in the final review. Most of the studies were correlational and exploratory in nature. Very few studies characterize communication in useful goal-related terms.
Minority-group incubators and majority-group reservoirs support the diffusion of climate change adaptations
Authors: Turner Matthew Adam , Signleton Alyson L. , Harris Mallory J. , Harryman Ian , Lopez Cesar Augusto , Arthur Ronan Forde , Muraida Caroline , Jones James Holland
Published: February 2023

Successful climate change adaptation depends on the spread and maintenance of adaptive behaviors. Current theory suggests that the heterogeneity of metapopulation structure can help adaptations diffuse throughout a population. In this paper, we develop an agent-based model of the spread of adaptations in populations with minority-majority metapopulation structure, where subpopulations learn more or less frequently from their own group compared to the other group. In our simulations, minority-majority-structured populations with moderate degrees of in-group preference better spread and maintained an adaptation compared to populations with more equal-sized groups and weak homophily. Minority groups act as incubators for an adaptation, while majority groups act as reservoirs for an adaptation once it has spread widely. This means that adaptations diffuse throughout populations better when minority groups start out knowing an adaptation, as Indigenous populations often do, while cohesion among majority groups further promotes adaptation diffusion. Our work advances the goal of this theme issue by developing new theoretical insights and demonstrating the utility of cultural evolutionary theory and methods as important tools in the nascent science of culture that climate change adaptation needs.
‘Other Backward Caste’ and the Post-Independence National Politics: A Bibliographic essay in search for the Origin and Development of this unique Political Phenomenon
Authors: Ghosh Roy Kaustav
Published: February 2023

Caste in India has played a detrimental role in deciding the fate of the political and social life of numerous individuals across the spectrum. After independence a new socio-political horizon based on complex social relations emerged, replacing the older notion of rigid stratification through overlapping potentialities and horizontal mobility among the lower stratum of social stratification. This translated into the formation of certain cohesive caste associations who ushered themselves into wider political representation and projected their identities while truncating the notion of purity and pollution. Politicians, in order to attract these associations towards themselves and gain their allegiances, used coercion to consolidate their position inside the electoral picture. Seizing this opportunity, those associations negotiated certain demands of their own with those in the political helm in return for a successful political mobilization. This article intends to understand the backgrounds and factors involved in the origin and formation of such associations who modulates the overall ideologies of the member groups, while cementing the path for a wider scale of identity politics.
Fatality risks in eccentric time localities: not that elevated
Authors: Martin-Olalla Jose Maria
Published: February 2023

A 600-word commentary on a paper published by Gentry et al. 2022
Caregiving and Alzheimer’s: At the end of my Mother’s Immigrant Journey
Authors: Pinto Katy M.
Published: February 2023

As part of a wave of early Central American immigrants to the United States, my Mom has been in the United States longer than she lived in Honduras. I reflect on my Mother's journey to the U.S. from Honduras and on what is now the end of her immigrant journey. This essay is about caregiving for an immigrant parent with Alzheimer's disease. I reflect on how Alzheimer's disease has impacted my family. In addition, I reflect on our experience with Alzheimer's illness and how it is tightly connected with our immigrant backgrounds. The need for culturally relevant caregiving is discussed. Finally, I discuss how our immigration context has forced my Mom to be separated from our family again.
Early Food Production in the Congo Basin
Authors: Seidensticker Dirk , Jungnickel Katharina V. M.
Published: February 2023

The introduction of food production into a specific region is among the most influential transitions in human history. It is frequently connected to other changes such as sedentism and population growth. Though most communities living in the Congo Basin today follow a relatively sedentary lifestyle with a slash-and-burn agri- or horticulture, hunting and fishing still contribute in large part to their subsistence. The lifestyle of historic forager communities and their sedentary neighbours changed significantly through colonialism. When and how food production started in the region is essentially not solved yet.Studies suggest that the introduction of food production dates back to the 1st millennium BCE. However, empirical data are sparsely available, and Central African research is still marked significantly by its lack of physical evidence. Postcolonial archaeological research started earlier in other parts of Central Africa, while the Congo Basin saw large-scale, systematic research on its prehistory from the late 1970s. Investigations focused predominantly on the chrono-typological sequences, as ceramics are an easily encountered find category in the region. Archaeobotanical samples often underwent no further scrutiny or are still awaiting processing. Political instability in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in the 1990s and 2000s halted research in the Congo Basin. The western parts of Central Africa are among the better-researched areas. However, even there, only limited evidence of early food production has been uncovered. For a more concise picture, one should nonetheless discuss these two bodies of evidence in conjunction.The available evidence suggests that during the 1st millennium BCE, pearl millet, originating from West Africa, was used in southern Cameroon and the Congo Basin, but presumably not in quantities that constituted a staple crop. The evidence for the use of cooking bananas is incomplete. Archaeobotanical remains are dominated by charred oil palm or wild Canarium, both equally unsuited as a staple food. Thus, the composition of the subsistence base and the reliance on food production of the ceramic-producing communities living in the Congo Basin during the 1st millennium BCE and the 1st millennium CE remain uncertain.
Care Work 4.0. Die Transformation von bezahlter Sorgearbeit in Zeiten von Digitalisierung und Corona
Authors: Fritsch Nina-Sophie , Berger Christian , Mader Katharina
Published: February 2023

Care-Berufe verändern sich durch demographische, technologische und wirtschaftliche Entwicklungen. Zuletzt erhöhen auch gesundheitspolitische Herausforderungen und die COVID-19 Maßnahmenpolitik den Druck auf das Sozial- und Gesundheitssystem. Dadurch befindet sich die bezahlte Care-Arbeit im berufsstrukturellen Wandel, d. h. es entstehen neue Bedingungen für und Anforderungen an diese Tätigkeiten, die in Österreich mehrheitlich von Frauen ausgeübt werden.
What the Internet Has Done to the Left Organization? The Impact of using Digital Media on Egyptian Revolutionary Socialists
Authors: Atef Noha
Published: February 2023

This chapter focuses on the impact of the internet on the organisation of the Egyptian Revolutionary Socialists. It deals with the discussion of the influence of RevSoc, the digital media package, on the organisation of the Revolutionary Socialists, focusing on the structure, publicity and understanding of their members of the ‘Revolutionary Newspaper’ notion proposed by Lenin. The chapter provides an evaluation of the Revolutionary Socialists’ adoption of digital media and whether it harmed or benefitted their leftist organisation. Generalising the positive impact of digital media on other leftist organisations requires reflection on the variables that shaped the experience of the Egyptian Revolutionary Socialists. Digital media required the foundation of subordinate bodies inside the Revolutionary Socialists, whose mission was to run and coordinate the new channels of communication. The 2011 uprising underscored digital activism, through using social media for political mobilisation and the organisation of protest events.
Tre stora hot mot public service – alltmer politiskt ifrågasatt
Authors: Strömbäck Jesper
Published: February 2023

This chapter reviews current threats again public service broadcasting in Sweden, based on a literature review and analysis of the political debate. The major threats identified are an ambition from political parties to the right to decrease the resources of public service and limits its mission, an ambition from political parties to the right to increase the political control of public service, and a long-term campaign of politically motivated criticism – not supported by research – depicting public service as politically biased to the left.
Artificial Intelligence and Public Values: A Literature Review
Authors: Legore Divali , Webster Christine
Published: February 2023

In recent years, there has been both growing public debate and increased scholarship and policy dialogue on public and societal concerns associated with the rise of AI and its applications. This paper presents the results and insights gained from a systematic literature review on the societal dimensions of AI invention and innovation, focusing on the public values expressed in AI patent documents. We build on public value frameworks to conceptualize public values expressed in patents as statements regarding the potential social objectives and benefits of an invention, beyond the private value to patent holders. Although the United States Patent and Trademarking Office (USPTO) has no formal requirements for expressions of public values in patent documents, patent applications often describe the broader objectives or problems that the invention aims to address. Such public value statements inform the context for understanding the potential utility of a patent.
Absolutism and representative government in early modern France and Austria
Authors: Paccione Peter
Published: February 2023

This paper considers the question of absolutism. I have done this by comparing the early modern French and Austrian monarchies, with an emphasis on representative bodies and other institutions which imposed limits on the respective monarchies.
The Effect of Violent Conflict on the Socioeconomic Condition of Households in Nigeria: The Case of Kaduna State
Authors: Tuki Daniel
Published: February 2023

The incidence and intensity of violent conflict in Nigeria have been rising steadily since 2016. However, the states across the country are not equally affected. Moreover, the nature of the conflicts and the conditions under which they occur vary across Nigeria’s states. Relying on novel survey data that was collected from Kaduna, the second state most affected by violent conflict in Nigeria, this study examines the effect that exposure to violent conflict has on the socioeconomic condition of households. The instrumental variable regressions show that violent conflict worsens the socioeconomic condition of households. A unit increase in the number of violent conflicts within the 30km buffer around the dwellings of the households increases the likelihood of them being unable to meet their food needs by 0.3 percent. This finding is robust to alternative data, buffer sizes, and estimation techniques. Improvements in state capacity was found to reduce the likelihood of households being in a poor socioeconomic condition. This is because economic activity does not thrive in an environment characterized by insecurity.
Poetry Teaching as a Therapy: A Psychological Approach
Authors: Chalise Keshav Raj
Published: February 2023

Teaching poetry is a major part of teaching literature. It can be done adopting a variety of approaches. The most effective approach is the one which helps students anticipate the content and structure of the poem. Poetry as a therapy approach focuses on the psychological aspect of the students. The foundation of this approach is rooted in the psychological theories of Freud and Jung. As a psychological approach to teaching poetry, the therapeutic approach focuses on the psychological development of the student, beginning from finding out the supportive elements in the poem as the mode of empathy and experimenting, action and application, and creative mode of reading poetry in the classroom. This study explicates some of the typical modes and methods of teaching poetry psychologically and how these stages are interlinked for the overall development of students’ creativity in learning poetry and creating poetry of their own to reveal their pains, feelings, experiences, and anxieties and transform their negative feelings into creative production. Being an analytical research work, this paper observes theoretical foundation of psychological approach of teaching poetry and establishes basic conceptual framework on how it can be applicable in poetry classroom.
KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS MANGROVE DI DESA TANJUNG REJO KECAMATAN PERCUT SEI TUAN SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Br Bangun Julita Erischa , Kardhinata E Harso , Susilo Ferdinand
Published: February 2023

Research on mangrove species diversity in the village of Tanjung Rejo Percut Sei Tuan district in North Sumatra was held in June-September 2012 which aims to determine mangrove vegetation species diversity, species density, frequency and dominance of mangrove species. Primary data obtain by sampling and direct observation by making the observation plots at the study site. Observations indicate that 14 mangrove species classified into eight families. Values of density, frequency and dominance for the highest level of the tree, and the seedling pacang contained on Avicenniaceae. Mangrove species diversity to the next level of the tree is 0.80 and the 1.38 level pacang 1.88 seedlings. The range indicates the diversity of mangrove species is low.Â
UJI ANTI MIKROBA EKSTRAK AKAR SOM JAWA (Tanilum paniculatum, Jacq. (Gaertn))
Authors: Sartini Sartini , Usman Muhammad
Published: February 2023

Antimicrobial test was conducted on plant root extract som jawa (Talinum paniculatum, jacq. (Gaertn)). Five hundred gram simplicia of som jawa root was macerated using methanol and n-heksana, and coagulated. The screening of extract methanol and n-heksana was done to get metabolic secunder; flavonoid, alkaloid, terpenoid, and saponin. The result of phytochemistry secreening test to extract methanol to metabolic secunder was negative. Antimicrobial test result showed that the extract of som jawa rootÂ  is active againts microbes E.coli. Measurement is based on the test zone diameter of the clear zone generated, where . coli has the highest diameter of the clear zone compared with the others microbes such as Staphylococus aureus, Bacillus sp, Serratia sp, and Candida albicans. The values of the clear zone of each microbeÂ  in order are 1,1 cm, 1 cm, 0,95cm, and 0,9 cm. These value were obtain at a concentration of 10%.
PEMANFAATAN KITOSAN DARI LIMBAH CANGKANG KERANG BULU(Anadara inflata) SEBAGAI BAHAN PENJERNIH AIR SUNGAING DARI LIMBAH KULIT DURIAN
Authors: Lubis Rosliana , Usman Muhammad
Published: February 2023

The title ofÂ  this study is the utilization of chitosan from shellfish waste as water purifier. The purpose of the study is to utilize coagulant of shellfish waste in water treatment proes into clear water. The research variabel are the concentration of chitosan 1,3,5,7, and 9 g/l. The particle size of chitosan used in this research is 150 mesh. The time consumeÂ  8 hours for purification process. The result showed that 9 g/l chitosan shell waste is effective to water purification process. At a concentration of 9 g/l. Chitosan shellfish waste can produce clean water in complianee with health minister No. 416/MENKES/PER/IX/1990 aboutÂ  water quality treatment.
OBSERVASI PRODUKSI TANDAN BUAH SEGAR PADA PERKEBUNAN SAWIT RAKYAT
Authors: Riyanto Riyanto
Published: February 2023

The objective of this observation is to understand the trendofÂ  oil palm fresh fruit bunches Â (FFB)within one year and to observe the oil palm yield potential ofÂ  small holder. The observation was held in one of small holder plantation located in Desa Sonomartani, Kecamatan Sukarame, Kabupaten Labuhan Batu Utara (north Sumatra). The palms were planted in shallow peat. The seedlings were assuming coming from illegitimate seeds. In general, like any other small holder palms, the farm was not well managed such as manuring was only applied ones per year with dosage 0.5 kg Urea.Â  Weeding in palm circle and inter row is not totally cleaned.Â  The observation was done during January to December 2013. The number of palms sampled is 238 palms or more or less one hectare. Â The stand trees in the area is 140 palms/ha. Average bunch weight during observation is average on 13 kg. Based on the observation, the trend of one year production was tent to distribute nearly in normal distribution.The yield potential is 21.8 ton FFB /ha/year. However, the actual yield was only around 9.9 ton FFB/ ha/ year. This actual production is still far lower from their potency.Â  In order the yield achieve their potential, herewith some recommendation (i) The seeds planted much be certified seeds boughtÂ  from legal seed producer, (ii), weeding must be done properly in which palm circle, harvesting path and inter-row must be free from any weed, (iii) manuring program must be correct dose, type, time and application.Â  Drainage must be maintained to avoid water lagging. The palms are also must be kept from any pest & Disease attack and thief.
PENGARUH FORTIFIKASI KANDUNGAN BAHAN ORGANIK DARI PUPUK ORGANIK BERBAHAN BAKU FESES SAPI POTONG DAN FESES AYAM NIAGA PEDAGING TERHADAP PRODUKSI SEGAR RUMPUT GAJAH(Pennisetum purpureum)
Authors: Sunu Prayogi
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of commercial broiler chicken feces as mixing beef cattle feces to raw material organic fertilizer from organic material aspects of the content and determine the effect of fertilizer results fortification against the total production of fresh grass. The material used is beef cattle feces as much as 930 kg, the commercial broiler chicken feces 270 kg, 2.4 liter EM4. This research method using a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments (R), namely: R0: 100% beef cattle feces (50 kg), R1: beef cattle feces 85% (42.5 kg) of commercial broiler chicken feces + 15% (7.5 kg), R2: beef cattle feces 70% (35 kg) + commercial broiler chicken feces 30% (15 kg), R3: beef cattle feces 55% (27.5 kg) + commercial broiler chicken feces 45 ( 22.5 kg) with six replications. The results showed that the average content of organic material of R0, R1, R2, and R3, respectively 43 071% 34 075%, 27.815%, and 36 098%. Analysis of variance results showed that the average organic material are not using a commercial broiler chicken manure (R0) is higher than using each treatment compost. Results of the analysis showed uniform administration of composting grass effect is not significant (P> 0.05) on the production of fresh forage grass, presumably because it is not yet decomposed compost perfectly and the nutrient content of compost so low that has not quite provide additional nutrients needed by plants.
PROSES ADSORPSI SENYAWA LINIER ALKILBENZENE SULFONAT (LAS) MELALUI ARANG AKTIF KULIT UBI KAYU
Authors: Lubis Rosliana , Atsary Tsara
Published: February 2023

This research aims was to analyze the potential of activated charcoal leather cassava in the adsorption process linear compounds alkilbenzene sulfonate (LAS) contained in the liquid waste household detergents. Stages of the study consisted of charcoal formation process of the skin of cassava through the combustion process of pyrolysis, charcoal leather activation process cassava, and the compound adsorption process linear alkyl sulfonate (LAS) contained in the liquid waste household detergents. The results showed that activated charcoal is formed from leather waste cassava LAS have the ability to adsorb the compounds contained in domestic wastewater. Treatment optimum adsorption occurs at a concentration of activated charcoal leather cassava 4 grams and a contact time of 20 minutes.
STUDI PENINGKATAN DAYA ADSORPSI KARBON AKTIF TERHADAP KADAR PEROKSIDA DENGAN PENAMBAHAN AKTIVATOR
Authors: Irham Wardatul Husna
Published: February 2023

Activator that has been successfully used in the process of activation of activated carbon from coconut shell is Na2CO3, NaCl, HCl, H2SO4 and NaOH. The addition of activator in the activated charcoal will enlarge the surface area of the charcoal with open pores are closed, so as to increase the adsorption capacity of activated carbon. In the process of making activated carbon from coconut shell charcoal, carbon obtained randemen quite high, ranging from 80 to 81.74 wt% of carbon initially obtained with water content ranging from 2.2864 to 3.9489% and ash content of 2.04 to 3.28%. This means that the active carbon can be used as an activated carbon is good, because it meets the standards SII quality activated carbon. From the results obtained can be seen that the solution of HCl, NaOH and Na2CO3 can be used as an activator of activated carbon in the lower levels of peroxide. The addition of these activators can enlarge the surface area of the carbon that is by breaking the bonds of hydrocarbons or oxidizing surface molecules. Based on the research results, the best solution is used as an activator of activated carbon in adsorbing peroxide is an alkaline solution that is equal to 91.11% of the initial peroxide content.
SIFAT FISIK MINYAK ATSIRI DAUN PALA (Myristica fragrans Houtt) ACEH SELATAN
Authors: Damayanti Rizki , Fahmi Cut Nurul , Efendi Rustam
Published: February 2023

Essential oils are oils derived from plants that are aromatic. Numeg leaves are part of plant that containing essential oil. Each of essential oils from different plants will have different physical properties. In this study, the essential oil is produced using steam distillation method. The purpose of this study was to determine the physical properties of essential oils of nutmeg leaves South Aceh. The physical properties of essential oils can be evaluated from the percentage of moisture content, ash content, aroma, color, and rendemen. The results showed that the essential oil of nutmeg leaves are pale yellow, has a characteristic smell of nutmeg, the percentage of moisture content and ash, viscosity, density is respectively 6.8%, 2.1%, 0.4% yield density, 3.8 P, 0576 g/cm3. The essential oil of nutmeg leaves South Aceh can be used as pharmaceuticals. But the density of leaf nutmeg oil does not comply with ISO Standard.
UJI AKTIVITAS DAN IDENTIFIKASI JAMUR RHIZOSFER PADA TANAH PERAKARAN TANAMAN PISANG (Musa paradisiaca) TERHADAP JAMUR FUSARIUM
Authors: Anggraeni Dewi Nur , Usman Muhammad
Published: February 2023

The main cause of decline in banana production is fusarium wilt caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense (Foc). This disease is systemic, it is very dangerous because it can kill plants. Fusarium wilt disease ranks first in the list of diseases of bananas in Indonesia, fusarium wilt very difficult to control because it has not found a commercial banana cultivars resistant. Integrated Pest Management (Biological Control) using biological agents, one of which is the rhizosphere that has the ability to suppress the growth of Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporumf.sp.cubense) in vitro. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of an antagonist of the rhizosphere fungus to fungus fusarium. This research method is a rhizosphere fungal activity test against fusarium fungus. The results showed that 12 isolates the rhizosphere has the potential to inhibit the growth of fungi fusarium the percentage inhibition ie 82% of isolates A1, B2 D3 by 83% and 80%, A2 isolates the isolates that produce inhibition of the smallest amounting to 15%. Based on identification consists of rhizosphere fungi genus Trichoderma sp., Aspergillus sp., And Penicillium sp.
SKRINING FITOKIMIA DAN UJI ANTIMIKROBA EKSTRAK KASAR BAWANG BATAK (Allium cinense) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus DAN Escherichia coli
Authors: Rubiatik Siti , Sartini Sartini , Lubis Rosliana
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this research is to determine the composition of secondary metabolites of crude extract â€œbawangbatakâ€ (AlliumÂ  cinense) and anti-microbial properties of the extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. This research was conducted in three (3) stage, stage IÂ  by the manufacturing of crude extract of garlic bulbs â€œbawangbatakâ€, Allium cinense, through maceration method using a solvent n-hexane and methanol. In stage II, screening fitokimia, that is identification of secondary metabolites (alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids and steroids) to the crude extract of tuber â€œbawangbatakâ€, Allium cinense, and phase III, test bioktifitas crude extract bulb ofÂ  â€œbawangbatakâ€ Allium cinense in the form of extracts antimicrobial properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli extract using the concentration variation of 0%, 1%, 5%, 15%, 20%, and 25% and incubation at 370C for 24 hours. The results showed that secondary compounds was dominated by flavonoids, steroids, terpenoid and tannins. While at the test screening phytochemicals extra n-hexane showed no secondary metabolites, test bioktivitas against bacteria have inhibitory at a concentration of 15% with inhibition zone 14 mm in bacteria Escheriachia coli and 10 mm in bacteria Staphylococcus aureus this indicates onion extractÂ  of â€œbawangbatakâ€Â  has the ability as an anti-microbial.
HUBUNGAN INDEKS MASA TUBUH (IMT) TERHADAP KADAR HEMOGLOBIN PADA PASIEN TUBERKULOSIS PARU DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM SULTAN SULAIMAN KABUPATEN SERDANG BEDAGAI
Authors: Sahara Eriani , Sartini Sartini , Nugrahalia Meida
Published: February 2023

Tuberculosis (TB) is a respiratory disease that received special attention in the community. According to WHO more than 2 million people, one third of the total population in the world is infected by tuberculosis. Tuberculosis patients with malnutrition status have lower haemoglobin levels compared to patients with good nutritional status. The purpose of this reseach is to determine the relationship of body mass index (BMI) to the haemoglobin of patients pulmonary tuberculosis at the General Hospital Sultan Sulaiman Serdang Bedagai. This study was conducted descriptive of examination BMI and levels of haemoglobin in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis at the General Hospital Sultan Sulaiman Serdang Bedagai North Sumatra Province is to create the relationship between baseline BMI and BMI end after the OAT, as well as haemoglobin beginning and haemoglobin end after the OAT. The results showed that there was a weak correlation between baseline BMI of the initial haemoglobin levels with a value of r = 0.20. While the relationship between BMI end of the final haemoglobin levels after administration of OAT for 2 months there was a strong relationship r = 0.83.
GAMBARAN OBESITAS DAN KADAR KOLESTEROL BERDASARKAN UMUR DAN JENIS KELAMIN PADA PASIEN YANG BEROBAT DI RUMAH SAKIT HAJI MEDAN
Authors: Amriani Amriani , Kardhinata E. Harso , Sartini Sartini
Published: February 2023

This reseach aims to determine the relationship between obesity and blood lipid levels in patients who seek treatment at Hospital Haji Medan. The research uses descriptive method that is a picture of the number of people to pull data directly from secondary data sources, namely the medical records of all patients treated at the Hospital Haji Medan. Parameters measured were patient age, sex and analyzing the increasing number of patients from 2012 to 2013. The results showed that the samples of patients who are obese biggest is 41-60 year age range that is equal to 44.15%, normal conditions alone amounted to 25. 98%. The second age range who are obese in this study were 61-80 years is 11.04% and normal as much as 8.44 percent, and the third at 21-40 years of age as much as 1.95 obesity and 8.44% for normal conditions , obesity among men and women obtained the highest percentage calculations for obesity is on the female is 46.75% while the male percentage of 13.64%. ObesityÂ  patients have cholesterol levels > 200 for a total percentage of 48.05%, while patients with normal conditions of 9.09%. Based on the age of the highest number of obese in the age group 41-60 years, while based on gender, obese women more than men.
AKUMULASI TIMBAL (Pb) DAN KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS Lichenes DI TAMAN KOTA MEDAN
Authors: Chandra Radiansyah Hadi
Published: February 2023

This reseach aim of the study is to examine factors affecting the accumulation of lead content (Pb) and other types Lichenes in Medan city park. This study was conducted on March 2010. The research location is determined by using purposive sampling method, in the three parks in the Beringin Park, Ahmad Yani Park, and Bunga Teladan Park. Lichenes species diversity existing in the three parks of Medan, consists of three types of tribes Physciaceae with body type ofÂ  thalus Cructose are Dirinaria Picta, Dirinaria aplanata, and Pixine cocoes. At the park's biggest influence is the Beringin Park motorized pedicab (Betor) with regression equation Y = (-0.059) + 000157x and a private car with a value of Y = (-0.059) + 0.0009428x, at the Ahmad Yani Park is a private car with a value of Y = 0.011 + 0.0001501x, and at the Bunga Teladan Park of motorized pedicab (betor) with a value of Y = (-0.099) + 0.000535x to increment the accumulated content of Pb in the body thalus Lichenes. Accretion physical parameters that affect the accumulation of lead (Pb) in Beringin Park regrasi the temperature with the equation Y = (-0.059) + 0.002x, Ahmad Yani Park of moisture with the value Y = 0.011 + 0.0003243x, and light intensity with the value Y = 0.011 + 0.0009387x, while in Bunga Teladan Park of temperature with the value Y = (-0.099) + 0.005 x, and humidity, with a value of Y = (-0.099) + 0.0001543 x.
IDENTIFIKASI JENIS - JENIS IKAN DI SUNGAI BATANG GADIS KECAMATAN MUARASIPONGI KABUPATEN MANDAILING NATAL SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Anwar Anwar , Kardhinata E. Harso , ZNA Hanifah Mutia
Published: February 2023

Research about "Identification the type of fish in Sungai Batang Gadis Muarasipongi subdistrict Mandailing Natal Sumatra Utara" The study aims to determine the types of fish and Chemical Physics parameters. Research using descriptive methods and determination of observation stations is purposive sampling, that the sampling technique. The results of the study there are five types of fish that are grouped into two orders, namely the Cypriniformes and Siluriformes,and 3 Family namely Cyprinidae, Balitoridae, Sisoridae. The conclusion of the study there are 5 types of fish are included in the 2 OrderÂ  and 3 Family entirely included into the group Osteichthyes. Most of the Order Cypriniformes and Siluriformes smallest. Most are family Cyprinidae. Results Physical and chemical parameters including water temperature 22oC; pH 7,53; brightness 1.40m; a depth of river 2.28 m; the flow velocity of river 2.09 m / sec; river width of 18 m.
PREFERENSI PAKAN DI HUTAN DAN PADANG RUMPUT Rusa timorensis Blainville 1822 DI PULAU PEUCANG TAMAN NASIONAL UJUNG KULON
Authors: Sudibyo Mufti
Published: February 2023

Rusa timorensisis native wildlife Indonesia which have protected status that require attention in order to preserve and utilization. This study aimed to preference level of the type of diet, and mineral nutrient content of feed in the conservation area Peucang Island. Data collection was performed by following the daily movement of deer and record all types of plants are edible. Neu indexes was used to scoring of level feed,chi square test was used to distinguish in the level of preference, and inspection of feed nutrients and minerals was done in the laboratory animal science. The results showed Cynodon dactylon, Axonopus compressus, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Dendrolobium umbellatum, Lagerstroemiawhere the types of feed most preferred by the index value of the preference of feed w> 1, there where differences in the choice of feed indicated by the chi-square test Ï‡2count = 23.1850> Ï‡2 (0:05, 10) = 18:31, nutritional value and mineral feed in the forests and grasslands showed no significant difference (p> 0.05). Deer in Peucang have a tendency to choose the type of feed that contains the same nutrients and minerals between feed in the forest or grassland although of a different kind.
PEMERIKSAAN Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus DAN Salmonella PADA ES JUS JERUK
Authors: Meilisnawaty Dini , Suryanto Dwi , Fauziah Ida
Published: February 2023

The research was carried out to observe the existence of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella in orange juice sold at setiabudi street, Medan. Descriptive analysis to 10 samples which examined in Balai Laboratorium Kesehatan, Medan showed that 3 of them contaminated by E.coli. The number of E.Coli found in the samples are above the standard issued by DEPKES RI 1991. Contamination by S. aureus and Salmonella were not found. Bacteria Total Plate Count value announced that there were some other species exist in the samples.
PEMERIKSAAN CEMARAN Salmonella sp. PADA DAGING AYAM POTONG YANG DIPERDAGANGKAN DI PASAR SUKARAMAI KECAMATAN MEDAN AREA KOTA MEDAN
Authors: Banjarnahor Irene , Nurtjahja Kiki , Fauziah Ida
Published: February 2023

This reseach aims to determine the presence of Salmonella sp. In chicken meat sold in both markets. The study was conducted by taking samples of chicken meat in each market as much as 50 grams. In the Sukaramai market, samples were taken from three locations, namely location I, II, III and one location from Carrefour supermarket. The bacteria contamination test was performed by counting the number of bacteria each sample with Plat Count Agar (PCA) method, each sample was diluted and cultured on 10-1 dilution. Deuteronomy is done four times. Then proceed with biochemical test. The results showed that all four samples of Salmonella sp. From Sukaramai traditional market contaminated with pathogen bacteria with the average amount of Salmonella as much as 1.7 X 102 from the overall location I, II, and III and also found contaminant bacteria that can be a pathogen while from Carrefour supermarkets not found Salmonella.