bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revival and preservation of historical memory in the creative heritage of Professor M. P. Kovalskyi
Authors: Svitlenko Serhii I.
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the article is to reveal the concept of the revival and preservation of historical memory in the creative heritage of Professor M. P. Kovalskyi. Research methods: historical-genetic, historical-system and historical-biographical; complex and personalistic approaches. Sources: a series of archival documents of personal origin, published sources of epistolary and memoir character, the latest historiography. The main results. In the analytical article the regularities of the choice of young scientists in the field of scientific research are highlighted. The peculiarities of the study of the scientist-historian of the source-related problems of the period of transition from the late Middle Ages to the early Modern (ХVІ – the first half of the ХVІІ century) are studied in an atmosphere of the Soviet reality of the 70ʼs and 80ʼs of the 20th century; is accentuated on the great heuristic activity of the scientist; shows his specific contribution to the study of this historical epoch. It is argued that one can speak about the complexity of M. Kovalskyiʼs approach to the development of a source base as a documentary basis for the revival of historical memory. It was proved that the part of the process of renaissance and preservation of historical memory by Professor M. P. Kovalskyi was his work in the development of Ukrainian archeography. The afore mentioned process was traced in the creative heritage of the professor not only in the national, but also in the regional and historical lore contexts. It is highlighted that in the process of revival and preservation of historical memory M. P. Kovalskyi significantly expanded the subject field of research, boldly engaging in the innovative scientific themes of his students. The attention was also paid to the methodical aspect of the revival and preservation of historical memory by Professor M. P. Kovalskyi, which was very broad, including the study of historical chronology, museology, historiography, source studies, historical heuristics, and historical bibliography. Conclusions. Professor M. P. Kovalskyi was made a great contribution to the revival and preservation of the historical memory of Ukrainians about the Cossack period of Ukrainian history, actively involving young scientists, postgraduates and students in this process, which resulted in the formation and formation of a scientific school on source study the history of Ukraine in the ХVІ–ХVІІІ centuries. Practical meaning. The material of this article may be interesting in the process of preparing students and postgraduates, preparing theses. Scientific novelty. The research has actualized a variety of primary sources, insufficiently researched the perspective of the creative activity of Professor M. P. Kovalskyi.
Professor M. P. Kovalskyi and the Library
Authors: Luchka Liudmyla M.
Published: December 2020

The purpose: the article deals with the Dnipro period scientific achievements (1965–2004) of a scientist, historian, Oles Honchar Dnipro National University professor, Mykola Pavlovych Kovalskyi. According to the analysis of document resources university library using the elements of the search engine, 12 authorʼs monographs and more than 200 scientific articles were found. 5 editions, the editorial board of which included the name of M. P. Kovalskyi were also discovered. Research methods: systemic-structural, analysis and synthesis, comparative. Main results: The readerʼs ticket stored in the scientific library allowed to reveal a range of reading interests of the historian during 30 years of work at Dnipro University. A separate direction of his legacy is a collection of books which he gathered for a long time. The total number of his library amounts to more than 12 thousand items. In 2016, about 500 copies from his private book collection were donated to the scientific library of Oles Honchar Dnipro National University by the daughter of a scientist I. M. Kovalska. The value of each copy is the presence of exlibris, seals and gift inscriptions. The collection presents scientific, popular science and fiction in Ukrainian, Russian and Polish. The scientist was interested in art, diplomacy and literary studies. The research shows the first books from the library of the Ukrainian historian, provides a thorough review of professional publications, outlines unique books on Ukrainian and foreign fiction literature. The presence of unique books, illustrated albums, devoted to national decorative arts, customs and traditions in the collection testifies to the diverse interests of the scientist. He created an integral thematic card index and gave a clear quantitative circulation of publications. These facts testify to the high bibliographic level of M. P. Kovalskyi. Conclusions: M. P. Kovalskyi made a significant contribution not only in Ukrainian history, sources study and historiography, but also in library and bibliographic field. His reading interests and the presence of a valuable book collection allow us to expand the image of the historian, scientist, a remarkable person and a real fan of libraries. Practical significance: recommended for scholars to in-depth study of the figure of a historian. Scientific novelty: for the first time the image of a historian as a reader and owner of a personal library is illuminated. Type of article: descriptive.
Digital Sources in Historiansʼ Research Practices: a Theoretical and Methodological Aspect
Authors: Sviatets Yurii A.
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the research is to determine the essence and role of digital sources in the system of information support for historianʼs research practices. Methods: analysis and synthesis; system approach; comparative; genetic; logical-linguistic. Main results, concise conclusions. In the scientific, legal and regulatory literature there is the term "electronic document", the definition of which is tied to computer origin. The article discusses the legitimacy of the use of such a term in the research practices of historians. It is shown that the term "digital source" is adequate, taking into account the definition of the concept "historical source", which is based on the method of encoding information, and not on the means of its storage. The article discusses the positive and negative properties of digital sources; levels of information in them that are important to historians; attributes of digital documents. Analyzed approaches to the definition of "historical source". The author proposed an information model of the historianʼs cognitive activity as a communication process. During the study, the concepts of "digital document" and "electronic document", "digital resource" and "electronic resource", "electronic archive" and "digital archive", "electronic library" and "digital library" are compared. The author substantiated that the correct names of computerized information systems of a humanitarian profile are not the concepts of "electronic archive" and "electronic library", but the concepts of "archive of digital documents" and "library of digital resources". Practical value. Refining the terminology will ensure proper understanding and its correct application in the research practices of historians and other humanities scholars. Originality. The study was carried out on the basis of a systematic critical analysis of literature and ideas, their further synthesis and the selection of the most appropriate theoretical concepts from the standpoint of logic. Scientific novelty. The article proposes a modern information model of historianʼs cognitive activity as a communication process. The author indicated the place of digital sources in the historianʼs intelligence communications. Type of article. Theoretical analytical.
Narrative sources on the diplomatic game of European countries around the events of the Polish uprising of 1863
Authors: Zemskyi Yurii S. , Diachok Valerii V.
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the article – to disclose the meaning of the difference between the official, publicly declared position and the real (national) interests of Western European countries regarding their attitude to January 1863 Polish Uprising. Research methods: are analysis and synthesis, comparative, deduction, generalization. Main results: are despite the official statements by Western European governments to support the Poles' demands during the uprising of 1863 (in satisfaction of the Russian empire of their national rights), no real efforts were made. This state of affairs is clarified, with a meticulous analysis of true intentions of foreign policy of European countries. In the context of the implementation of policy in the nineteenth century, European governments could no longer ignore public opinion. After all, in the nineteenth century there was the epoch of affirmation in Europe of the ideals of the French Revolution and the formation of the institutions of civil society (free press, trade unions, public organizations, political parties, etc.). Involving information from narrative sources on events of 1863 clearly reveals the peculiarities of foreign policy and convinces that, in making final decisions, governments of the countries were guided by their own national interests (and not by the mind of public). Therefore, the Polish uprising became an opportunity to compete for the redistribution of influences among the leading countries of Europe and the interests of the Poles turned out to be only an instrument for achieving completely different goals. Concise conclusions: are the support of Western European governments in the Polish uprising were driven by public demands, but the real goal of each of the countries involved diplomatically to address this problem was to strengthen their own political stance in international affairs on the continent. Practical significance: this article will contribute to a better understanding of complex issues when assessing the position of Western European countries in the international politics of the mid-nineteenth century. Originality: compares information from publicly-published and diplomatically-concealed sources. Scientific novelty: the knowledge about the significant difference between the diplomatic statements and the real intentions of the foreign policy efforts of the Western European countries in the international relations of the middle of the nineteenth century were supplemented. Article type: analytic.
Katerynoslav Region rebellion in 1920–1921 according to the Report of the Katerynoslav Provincial Emergency Commission
Authors: Arkhireyskyi Dmytro , Bulanova Anhelina
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the article is to find out and analyze the data of the report of the Katerynoslav Provincial Extraordinary Commission on the actions of the regional insurgent movement at the final stage of the revolution of 1917–1921; to prove the scientific significance of this historical source for further studies of the events of the Ukrainian Revolution of 1917–1921 and of the Ukrainian rebel movement during the Revolution and in the post-revolutionary time. Methods of research: chronological, comparative, biographical. The main results: an array of data from The Report of the Katerynoslav Provincial Extraordinary Commission on the rebel movement on the territory of the province in 1920–1921 was discovered; the terminology of the state document related to counterinsurgency has been analyzed; it was established that the Katerynoslav Chekists distinguished two main types of insurgency – Makhno and Petliur; describes the dynamics of the deployment of the insurgent movement in Katerynoslav region at the final stage of the revolution; ideological foundations of the state counteraction to the insurgency have been identified; focuses on the most characteristic means of fighting the Katerynoslav Provincial Emergency Commission against the Ukrainian armed resistance movement. Practical significance: the results of the work can be used in synthetic works on the history of Ukraine during the revolution of 1917–1921, to develop special courses in the history of Ukraine. These materials can also be used to promote historical knowledge. Originality: the work is completely original, contains criticism of a complex historical source, has elements of comparative analysis. Scientific novelty: first attempt was made to comprehensively withdraw from The Report of the Katerynoslav Provincial Emergency Commission and to analyze data on the dynamics of the insurgent movement in the province in 1920–1921, as well as measures of the Chekists to suppress it. Type of article: overview.
The host of the region: Johann Cornies and the colonization processes in the Southern West of the Russian Empire (the first half of the 19th century)
Authors: Venher Nataliia
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the article is to analyze the activities of Johann Cornies who was an informal leader of the Mennonite colonies at the first half of the 19th century. Research methods. The author uses general historical research methods, analysis of sources and contemporary historiography to recreate the image of this article hero. Results. A skillful owner and a successful entrepreneur, Cornies ran a number of business associations (“Forestry Society”, “Society for the Improvement of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce Union”) founded by the Mennonites at the request of the Guardianship Committee. In 1820–1848 Cornies focused his activities on a comprehensive and interrelated process of the settlements’ and the region’s development. Those included the tasks of economic development and the search for this region specialization, as well as market relations introduction, administrative integration, colonization, social assimilation and ethnic consolidation. Cornies was motivated by his conviction of the importance of the market way of the Mennonite and surrounding settlements’ development. His innovative projects impacted the economic promotion of the settlements (their ways of agriculture, fine-fleeced sheep farming, cultivation of industrial crops, irrigation, and forestry) and contributed into the development of the region as a whole. Cornies also implemented social projects, reformed education, was interested in the development of scientific knowledge. Johann Cornies was not a part of the bureaucratic system of the administrative vertical in the Empire, but he was a kind of link that connected the vertical with economic structures at the local level. The Cornies’ phenomenon was a manifestation of the closed Protestant congregations’ under the conditions of colonization development, when they needed for economic adaptation and the preservation of their ideological identity. Mennonite society, which had traditions of religious isolation, could not perceive the leader imposed by the authorities. However, the congregations also needed the kind of personalities as Cornies was. He was a leader from their own environment, with “broad optics” of view, ideological breakthrough ability and analytical skills. In a general retrospective of the analysis of the economic development of settlements, the phenomenon of Cornies’ activity confirms that Mennonite society had the ability to self-reform, which provided them with a high position in the modernization processes of the Russian Empire. Practical value: can be used for synthesis works on the problems of colonization and Protestantism in the Southern West of the Russian Empire. Novelty. The image of the leader of the Protestant type in the Mennonite colonies was created. Type of article: theoretical and analytical.
Struggle for Legal Women’s Rights in Russian Empire (second half of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century)
Authors: Mironova Iryna
Published: December 2020

The article goal – showing struggle for legal women’s rights in A. Koni and others legal profession, including work in advocacy institutions in the Russian Empire in second half of XIX – beginning of XX century. Methods of research: modernization and gender history. The main results. In article author establish that the Russian Empire society in the end of XIX – beginning of XX century matured till understanding the equality principle of women and men role in social affairs, their leveling in property rights and in professional activities. Despite of lawyers struggle for women rights in conditions of autocracy were tiny (only the woman question discussion in press) it shows to empire power opposition from lawyers’ side and to society – necessity of changes in women’s legal status. The originality. Author uses memoirs and speeches of famous judge, member of State Council of the Russian Empire A. Koni and articles of leading lawyers, which were published in such newspapers as “Law”, “Law Herald”, “News of Jury and Trusted Council”. Scientific novelty: at the first time article describes the main issues about struggle for legal women’s rights, namely: attitude toward women in general and in legal cases; widening personal and property rights of women; giving them access to higher law education and possibility to apply it in their professional activity. Type of the article: descriptive and analytical. In article author insist that one of the first men, who outline the woman question and started to debate about widening legal women’s rights, was A. Koni. His activity was supported by famous scientists, lawyers, advocates such as D. Stasov, V. Spasovych, V. Nabokov, P. Liublinskiy, I. Foynytskiy, V. Sluchevskiy, and S. Shelukhin. A. Koni achieved particular regulation of widening property rights for women. In struggle for allowing advocacy practice for women author point out 2 stages, during its women tried to hold an appointment as private jury. Author notes first women-advocates in the Russian Empire and Ukraine, for example: E. Kozmina, K. Fleyshyts, L. Ginsburg, and O. Yaroshevska. Author determines that problems in female advocacy in Russian Empire were the same, as problems in Western Europe and USA. Question about allowing women to be advocates and notaries in Russia and Ukraine weren’t decided till 1917.
History and Socio-Political Conditions of Preparation of the Polish Constitutions from 1919 to 1997
Authors: Kindyuk Boris , Kelman Mykhailo , Patlachuk Vasyl , Patlachuk Olexander
Published: December 2020

The purpose of article deals with the study of history of preparation and the reasons for the adoption of the Polish Constitutions in the period from 1919 to 1997 years. Research methods: dialectical, chronological, comparative, system-structural. Main results. The article shows that the history of the preparation of the Polish Constitutions in the period from 1919 to 1997 years occurred under the conditions of constant changes of socio-political factors, which was reflected in the state system, political, economic and social relations, rights and freedoms of the population. It is proved that the history of Polish constitutionalism has evolved in a complex vector from the insignificant in volume and scientific level of the Little Constitution of 1919, which was adopted in conditions of armed confrontation with Soviet Russia, to the 1997 Constitution, which complies with European standards. The influence of the historical personality of Marshal Jozef Pilsudski was investigated, who became the sponsor of the rebirth of independent Poland on the history of the preparation and adoption of the Polish Constitutions of 1919, 1921 years and the Constitution of 1935 in which the President of the country was given dictatorial powers during the period of war. It is shown that the Constitution of 1952, which was written according to Soviet models and based on instructions received from Moscow, had to consolidate in Poland a socialist model in which the Polish United Workers Party had a leading role in society. It is shown that the collapse of the Soviet Union led to the elimination of the communist system in Poland, the rise to power of democratic forces, which resulted the adoption Constitution 1997. The peculiarity of the Constitutional process was the fact that for the first time in the history of Poland on 25th May 1997 a referendum was held regarding its adoption. The Constitution 1997 was adopted in the context of a transition from command-administrative to a democratic system of government, so its content is marked by a democratic nature that ensured the creation of private ownership of all means of production and free trade. The historical reasons of the drafting of the Polish Constitutions have undergone a complex dynamic, which is connected with political changes in the country, which is reflected in the content of the ideas, doctrinal views and Basic Laws. The practical significance of the study lies in the use of Polish historical experience in the development of event scenarios in Ukraine in order to prevent errors in modern state-making. Originality. A comprehensive study of the history of Polish constitutionalism, taking into account socio-political reasons. Article type: descriptive.
Caricatures in russian publicism of the second half of the 19th century: by the materials of N. B. Gersevanov
Authors: Hryshchenko Kateryna
Published: December 2020

The aim of the study was the desire to determine the place of the visual artistic and satirical component in the creative heritage of N. B. Gersevanov and the consideration of the caricature as a genre of journalism and a historical source in public opinion research of the 1850–1860s. Historiography. The history of the caricature was mainly of interest to art critics and artists. The sociocultural and political context of their appearance was considered, but in passing. The question of the place of caricature in the work of N. B. Gersevanov is raised for the first time. Sources. The set of sources was formed according to the principle of informational correspondence to the goal and consists of newspaper articles – reviews by N. B. Gersevanov on military cartoons and an album of cartoons “The Adventures of the Novgorod resident Fedora Ivanovna”, published under the pseudonym “Durov”. The materials involved cover 1858–1860. both the critic and the creator of this genre convincingly demonstrate the place of caricature in journalism of N. B. Gersevanov. Using the methods of historiographic and source analysis and synthesis allowed us to identify the state of development of the issue in the historical literature and realize the goal. The main result was the identification of thematic variability of the cartoons of N. B. Gersevanov and the reactions of representatives of the military community to them. Based on the content analysis, the contents of the caricature album “Adventures of the Novgorod resident Fedora Ivanovna” were investigated. The texts and the cartoons published by Gersevanov were a reaction to harsh criticism by the public of the Russian army and military after the defeat of the Russian Empire in the Crimean War of 1853–1856. Since 1812, wars have become a powerful impetus for development for the Russian caricature tradition. The humorous genre was not inherent in the work of Gersevanov, moreover, he considered it dangerous for military discipline. Thus, the appeal to the caricature of the socio-political and literary issues was a kind of experiment for the author. Despite economic success, the final goal was not achieved, the vices were not overcome. Gersevanov became convinced of the futility of ridiculing as a method of education, therefore, he did not turn to the humorous genre anymore. The conclusion is that the hermeneutic analysis of the texts and the contexts of their appearance allowed us to significantly expand our understanding of the multifaceted activities of such a little-explored personality as N. B. Gersevanov and to reveal the informational potential of the cartoon as a historical source. The type of article: analytical.
The history of Katerynoslav in historiography of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries
Authors: Zhurba Oleh
Published: December 2020

The aim of the article was to present the genesis and dynamics of the study of the history of Yekaterinoslav in the writings of local historians of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Using the methods of historiographic analysis and synthesis made it possible to identify the state of development of the issue in the historical literature and realize the goal. The main result was the creation of a periodization of regional historiographical exploration of the problem. It is proposed to divide this process into three stages. The criteria for their selection were organizational, personnel, style and problem-thematic parameters. Based on the texts of Archbishop Gabriel (Rozanov), Bishop Feodosii (Makarevskyi), The Chronicle of the Yekaterinoslav Scientific Archival Commission, D. I. Yavornitskyi the process of formation and change of research problems of urbanization processes in the region, types and information potential of their sources are analyzed Noah base. The value of the scientific development of the historiographic tradition for the formation of modern conceptual approaches to the study of the history of urbanization processes in southern Ukraine as a whole is determined. Scientific novelty is also determined by the fact that historiographic and sociological positions criticized such a historiographic phenomenon as the Cossack urbanism. The creators and supporters of the concept of the Cossack urban development have been trying to imagine the Cossacks as the creator of the urban environment since the 16th century, they ignore or significantly level the importance and role of imperial power in the generation of modern urban space. It is noted that it is the historians of the ХIX and early ХХ centuries. laid the foundation for the study of the history of Cossack settlements, the formation of a source base for such studies. They established a genetic link between Cossack settlements and the formation of Yekaterinoslav, they have documented the decisive role of imperial power in establishing a properly organized, modern city on the site of the traditional Cossack and peasant settlements. The conclusions emphasized that in the late ХIX and early ХХ centuries an ideal consensus was formed regarding the main parameters of the regional historical memory between its key actors (power, public opinion, professional historical environment and everyday historical representations of ordinary people). It was based on the results obtained by historians, popularized at the power, amateur and journalistic levels, rooted in public memorial practices of knowledge or perception of the foundation of Yekaterinoslav in 1787 as a result of the Cossack settlement of the region and imperial initiatives and organizational efforts to create a network of urban settlements. The type of article: analytical.
How did Ferdinand I of Saxe-Coburg‑Gotha become Frenchman?
Authors: Mykolenko Dmytro
Published: December 2020

The aim of the article is to reveal the image of the Prince/Tsar Ferdinand in the historiography of the Russian Empire and to identify the factors that influenced the interpretation of the activities of the Bulgarian monarch. Research methodology. The concept of “image”, which is considered as a form of representations of various aspects of life and work of the Bulgarian Prince/King Ferdinand in the works of Russian historians of the late XIX – early XX centuries, was important for achieving the goal set in the work. We can consider individual images created by different researchers as well as general one which was formed under the influence of all the above-mentioned researchers. It should be noted that the representations are subjective and do not correspond to the realities of the domestic and foreign policy of the Bulgarian monarch or partially coincide with them. Main results. The author outlined the circumstances of international situation in Europe and in the Balkans in particular, which in the last quarter of the XIX and in the first twenty years of the last century determined the assessments of the domestic and foreign policy initiatives of the Bulgarian monarch Ferdinand I Coburg made by Russian historians. Other factors that influenced the interpretations of researchers, including their political views and the affiliation to a particular state institution, are also revealed in the work. The author notes the desire of the university professorship to create more neutral images of the Bulgarian prince, in contrast to the scientists involved in political battles in the interests of certain parties. Scientific novelty. The author for the first time described the image of Ferdinand I in the historiography of the Russian Empire, and also clarified the factors that determined the assessments of the Bulgarian prince activities. The type of the article: empirical.
The Cossacks Chronicles of Eyewitness, H. Hrabianka’s and S. Velychko’s in studies in Soviet historiography
Authors: Voitsekhovska Tetiana
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the article is to analyze the Cossack chronicles of Samovydets, H. Hrabianka’s, and S. Velychko’s in historical research during 1917–1991. Research methods: comparative, system-structural, historical-typological, historical-genetiс. The problem of studying Ukrainian chronicles of the XVI–XVIII centuries of the Soviet historiography has been studied relatively little. In most cases, the chronicles of military chancellerists are considered in the general context of study of the chronicles, and the chronology of historiographic reviews is limited to the mid-1960s. Main results. The article deals with the works of Soviet researchers who studied the phenomenon of Cossack chronicles. The main subjects for the studies on the literature of the Chancellery are revealed, in particular: dating, place of creation and identity of the authors of the texts; the factual accuracy of the messages, the features of the source base used by the Chancellerists, the study of the lists and editions of the chronicles and their comparison among themselves, as well as the peculiarities of the authors’ outlook, their assessment of historical events and figures. The peculiarities of the studies of Soviet scholars under the influence of Marxist ideology are investigated. In a number of cases, researchers have been forced not to touch political and ideological aspects that contradicted official dogmas and interpret historical events in the discourse of class struggle. However, some of the workings of Soviet historians are still relevant today, including the study of the lists and editions of the Cossack chronicles and the features of their source base. Practical meaning: recommended for use in historiography studies and history of Ukraine. Originality. Generalized scientific work of Soviet scholars on the literature of Chancellerist. Scientific novelty. For the first time the works of scientists of 1917–1991 were systematized, in which the Cossack chronicles of Samovydets, G. Hrabianka and S. Velichko were studied. Type of the article: descriptive.
Branch initiative of Poltava Agricultural Society (1865–1920) in the agricultural sector of the country
Authors: Verhunov Victor
Published: December 2020

The aim of the article is to analyze the practical implementation of a number of innovations in the agricultural sector by Poltava Agricultural Society and to determine the historical role of the center for the development of sectoral research. Research methods: analysis, synthesis and critique of documentary sources; historical-typological, historical-systemic. Main results. It is proved that functioning of Poltava Agricultural Society during 1865–1920 became a real phenomenon of sectoral research work and the agrarian sector of the country as a whole. It was the founder of the formation and development of domestic agrarian science, sectoral research, production of environmentally friendly agricultural products, growing cereals, a number of innovations in animal husbandry and more. Innovations of the members of the Society contributed to the prosperity of entrepreneurship, forced to improve agricultural machinery, to acquire
new progressive forms of business. The Society became a center for the development of scientific research in agronomy, initiating the regional study of agriculture of the state. The agricultural research institutions organized by it acted as intermediaries between science and practice. The progressive initiatives of this branch to increase the productivity of domestic fields and farms found practical application not only in Poltava region but also throughout the country. The existence of the Society, in fact, significantly influenced the further development of the agricultural sector of the Russian Empire. In addition, the Society has significant merits in educational activities, the creation of social infrastructure in the countryside in the form of specialized educational institutions, sectoral research institutions, libraries and museums. The practical significance. Studying the activities of Poltava Society of Agriculture gives the possibility of using its experience in the work of officially restored unit, which should take on the historical mission of reforming the system of scientific and educational support of agro-industrial production in accordance with the requirements of the region, the combination of cooperative practice and industry science. Article type: overview.
Students of Katerynoslav Institute of Public Education in the context of the totalitarian system formation
Authors: Kоmarnitskyi Oleksandr , Kоmarnitska Liudmyla , Zavadska Iryna
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the article is to show the formation of the student body of Katerynoslav Іinstitute of Public Education (КІPE) relying on the legacy of the predecessors and the existing sources; to highlight educational, scientific and socio‑political activities of КІPE students; to reveal their financial situation. Research methods: historical-genetic, historical-comparative, historical-typological, problem-chronological. Main results and scientific novelty: the main characteristics of the student body are comprehensively presented, the educational, scientific and socio-political activities of КІPE students are analyzed for the first time. Practical significance: in the process of research, a systematic factual base is created for a comparative analysis of the activities of public education institutions and analysis of statistical data of their student body. The originality of the study is based on a wide range of sources used and their analytical and synthetic processing. Principal results. The dynamics of changes in the student body of the institute, which was formed through a system of business trips, is analyzed. In the first years of the decade, the Bolsheviks failed to realize their ideas of dominance among the youth, workers, peasants, КP(b)U and KSMU members. The distribution of students by nationality was also quite original. There were almost equally Ukrainians, Jews and Russians among them. Perhaps because of this, it was not possible to ukrainize the university completely. Some students were engaged in scientific work. The authorities tried to impose the Marxist-Leninist ideology on young people. However, this work was not effective, primarily because in the first years of the decade, the Communists and the Comsomol members could not create their own centers because of their small numbers. Community work was concentrated in the student club. Student trade union organizations and centers of voluntary societies functioned. Students patronized units of the Red Army, conducted campaigns to eliminate illiteracy. The financial situation of the youth was difficult. It was difficult to provide students with housing, scholarships, food, and medical care. Article type: theoretical research.
“Retribution for betrayal”: Attempts of social integration of former employees of the local police of the Gebitskommissariat “Bila Tserkva” at the Reichskommissariat Ukraine into post-war Soviet society
Authors: Hоncharenko Оleksii
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the article is to identify the forms and means of social integration of former police officers of the Bila Tserkva Commissariat in the post-war Soviet society. Methods of research: analytical-synthetic, historical-chronological, comparative-historical, logical. Scientific novelty. Forms and methods of social integration of the former police commissioner of Bila Tserkva in the Soviet society for the first time are analyzed in detail. Practical importance. The study identifies typical models of social integration of people who, in the context of occupation from different circumstances, embarked on a betrayal path, but failed and tried to return to a peaceful life. The originality of the study is based on the identification and analytical and synthetic processing of previously unknown archival sources of the Soviet special services. Main results. The problem of social integration of former local police officers into post-war Soviet society is considered as an example of a separate administrative district of the Ukraine Reichskommissariat. At the system level, the forms and methods of social integration of people who, during the war, followed the instructions of the German authorities and carried out the main directions of the Nazi occupation policy are clarified. The typical behavior models of former police officers in the post-war period are highlighted. Examples of criminal proceedings against people who served in local law enforcement agencies of the Bila Tserkva gebitskommissariat are given. The facts of mistakes of the investigative Soviet special services of the NKDB and the KGB system are established. On the example of specific life destinies, the conclusion is drawn about the selectivity of the repressive measures against former police officers by Soviet law enforcement agencies. Article type: research.
The last dean (celebrating professor J. R. Pensky’s 160th anniversary)
Authors: Robak Igor , Demochko Hanna , Alkov Volodymyr
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the article is to make a wide-ranging, comprehensive research of J. Pensky’s personality through the prism of medical local study. Usage of archival historical sources and local periodicals gives us the opportunity to create a complete portrait of the Kharkiv surgeon. Research methods: the study uses general scientific and specifically historical methods of scientific research such as chronological, comparative-historical and retrospective ones in addition to the purely positivist methodology commonly used by historians of Medicine. Main results. The comprehension of J. Pensky’s figure clearly demonstrates the potential of medical local history for historical and medical research. It is concluded that he was a representative of Kharkiv physicians of Polish origin, migrants who, from the ground up, achieved general recognition, including the highest imperial. It is established that he was a talented scientist and surgeon-innovator, author and co-author of original surgical ideas and technologies, inventor of special needles and sutures, which significantly contributed to the development of surgery. Moreover, he was a brilliant administrator and public figure, one of the founders of the Women's Medical Institute, director of the University Surgical Clinic, the member and the Head of the Kharkiv Medical Society, the last Dean of IKhU Medical Faculty, activist of the Kharkovian Polonia. Practical significance. The article is based on archival documents that have not been known before; data could be used in educational work with students of medical educational institutions as well as in museum work. Originality. The article is written basing on original materials with usage of archival documents and it is the first scientifically-grounded paper dedicated to the prominent person. Scientific novelty: the role of Pensky in the case of Lagovskoy is defined for the first time; such medical advances as the “suture of Pensky-Kuznetsov” and the needle invented by the surgeon are emphasized, factual errors of previous researchers are corrected, the first thorough biography of the scientist is created. Article type: historic-biographical.
O. O. Bobrynskyi and the State Duma: views and activities
Authors: Chernikova Nataliia , Karpan Iryna
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the article is to reveal to reveal directions of O. O. Bobrynskyi’s socio- political and state activity in 1905–1911. Research methods: historical-genetic, historical-comparative, descriptive, historical-typological, system-structural. Main results. O. Bobrynskyi belonged to the famous noble family of landowners, owners of sugar factories of the Russian Empire. Therefore, he actively defended the interests of the nobility and autocracy. He believed that the consolidation of the nobility was necessary to maintain its dominant position in the state, especially after the revolutionary events of 1905. His practical steps to establish the organizational centers of the conservative nobility, its politicization and participation in the processes of state formation are revealed. The attention is focused on the role of O. Bobrynskyi in the development of organizational and ideological foundations, ensuring the practical activity of the United Nobility as a leading force in the political mechanism of Russia at that time. O. Bobrynskyi made the United Nobility congresses look like a parliament, which formed views of the conservative nobility on current state problems. As a result, their agrarian and electoral reform projects have largely become the basis of government reform. Thus, the nobility was able to form a majority in the Duma of the 3rd convocation, and O. Bobrynskyi became a deputy too. The nature and content his parliamentary activity, legislative initiatives and efforts to establish a regime of cooperation and partnership in the State Duma are revealed. The dynamics of changes in the tactics, forms and methods of political struggle were monitored. O. Bobrynskyi constantly tried to strike the optimal political balance between the right parties of the Duma to support the political platform developed at the meetings of the United Nobility. Much attention is paid to the analysis of the content and character of O. Bobrynskyi’s speech, the essential features, specifics, the evolution of his political platform, realized during his political career. Practical significance. Possibility of using the obtained results for writing monographs, general researches, textbooks and manuals dedicated to the Russian history, history of socio-political organizations, parties and movements, representative and state institutions, political elite of the Russian Empire; for creating and teaching normative and special courses in Russian history, political and social history at universities, colleges etc. Scientific novelty. O. O. Bobrynskyi’s steps to create the optimal political balance between the right-wing Duma parties in order to lobby the United Nobility political platform are outlined. The dynamics of changes in the tactics, forms and methods of his political struggle were monitored. Article type: explanation.
Innovative Approaches to Teaching Archeology in Higher School
Authors: Skakalska Iryna
Published: December 2020

The aim of the article is to characterize the key innovative approaches to teaching archeology in higher education institutions on the basis of modern methods of forming competencies in students and the experience of their own scientific and pedagogical activity. Research methods: generalizing, problematic, interactive, empirical, modeling, system-structural methods and the case method. The main results. The history of archaeological researches of Kremenets region is analyzed and theoretical and scientific-methodical substantiation of their practical application is made. In particular, archaeological finds of O. Tsynkalovskyi, Yu. Shumovskyi, excavations on the mountain of Kulychivka and others are analyzed. The appropriateness of conducting classes in the archeology department of the local lore museum is motivated. Some key innovations in archeology teaching and competence formation in higher education applicants are identified: problematic lectures, small group work, workshops, various effective tools for visualization and organization of knowledge, etc. The variants of use of intellect maps for archeological cultures and application of the method of mind-mapping are offered. It is shown how a student-centered approach is implemented in the educational process and what forms and methods of teaching are appropriate to it. Effective methods of organizing and controlling students’ independent work while studying archeology issues are proposed. The emphasis is placed on the importance of soft skills competency formation for the teacher’s future activities. The importance of archeological practice for professional competencies’ formation in students is outlined. The formation process of programmatic learning results is monitored. Brief conclusions. The importance of mastering modern advanced learning technologies as a tool for forming the competencies of specialists is emphasized. The role of the teacher as a facilitator, which stimulates the student’s independent work and shapes his competences, is highlighted. The importance of digital technologies in project creation and students’ creative tasks is shown. Practical importance. The results are recommended for use in the study and teaching of the course “Archeology” in universities, for development of cultural and educational projects for young people in order to promote historical and archeological sights. The originality is that the publication discloses the author’s experience of teaching archeology to students of the specialty “History”. Teaching features for Generation Z are considered. Scientific novelty. The most effective innovative methods and methods of teaching archeology using a student-centered approach are formulated. The article type: theoretical-applied.
DİN KÜLTÜRÜ VE AHLAK BİLGİSİ ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN KAVRAM ÖĞRETİMİ SÜRECİNDE TERCİH ETTİKLERİ YÖNTEMLER
Authors: UÇAK Habibe Erva , DOĞAN Recai
Published: December 2020

Öz Bu makale, Din Kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi öğretmenlerinin, kavram öğretimi faaliyetlerinde tercih ettikleri yöntemlerin neler olduğu sorusu ekseninde kurgulanmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı Din kültürü ve ahlak bilgisi öğretmenleri tarafından kavram öğretimi sürecinde tercih edilen yöntemlerin neliğini ve niteliğini betimsel bir bakış açısıyla ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaçla nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden durum desenli çalışma tercih edilmiş; çalışma grubu, amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden maksimum çeşitlilik örneklemesi ile belirlenen 20 DKAB öğretmeninden oluşmuştur. Çalışmada öğretmenlerin görüşlerine odaklanıldığı için veri toplama aracı olarak yarı yapılandırılmış mülakat tekniği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizi için, çalışmanın problematiği bağlamında önceden belirlenen tema ve başlıklara göre kodlanmasını öngören betimsel analiz yöntemi tercih edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda, öğretmenlerin kavram öğretimi sürecinde, tanımdan hareket ederek tümdengelimi, bunun yanı sıra öğrenciler ile birlikte tanıma ulaşma çabaları olarak tümevarımı, ayrıca hikâye ve oyun gibi destekleyici yöntemleri tercih ettikleri görülmüştür. Ayrıca, öğretmenlerin kavram öğretimi sürecini zenginleştirmeye ve sürecin niteliğini artırmaya yönelik girişimleri yanında, kavram öğretimi yöntem ve tekniklerine yönelik bilgi ve becerilerinin yeterli düzeyde olmadığı tespit edilmiştir.