bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of anticancer compounds in leaves extracts of agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis (Lamk.))
Authors: Millaty I N K , Wijayanti N , Hidayati L , Nuringtyas T R
Published: March 2020

Cancer is still become the main causes of death in the world. The leaves of Aquilaria malaccensis have an antioxidant and cytotoxic activity against several cancer cell lines. It can be developed as an alternative medicine. However, comprehensive information about the database of metabolites in A. malaccensis leaves is not yet available. This study aimed to screen the metabolites of chloroform and ethanol extracts of A. malaccensis, which has been reported in the database as an anticancer. Determination of metabolites contained in both chloroform and ethanol extracts were conducted using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS). GC–MS analysis detected nine metabolites in the chloroform extract while twenty one metabolites in the ethanol extract. The most common compounds observed was fatty acids and terpenoids. Among those detected, metabolites that have potential as anticancer in the chloroform extracts were 9–Hexadecanoic acid and Tetracosanoic acid. While in the ethanol extracts include 2,6–Octadien–1–ol, 3,7–dimethyl; 3,6–Octadecadiynoic acid, 3–Octadecyne, Lauric acid, Myristic acid, Nonadecanoic acid, Oleic Acid, Phytol, Loliolide dan Squalene. Further analysis to confirm which compounds most responsible for the anticancer activity in the A. malaccensis extract is planned as the next steps of this study.
Antioxidant activity of soluble protein from natural fermented buffalo milk
Authors: Kusumaningtyas E , Utami A
Published: March 2020

Curd from buffalo milk, called dadih, is famous fermented milk from West Sumatra, Indonesia. The milk is fermented naturally by relying on microorganisms which exist nature. Dadih is commonly consumed as breakfast or eaten together with rice. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant activities of dadih from different regency in West Sumatra by using ABTS, DPPH and Fe reducing power methods. The soluble protein of dadih was separated from insoluble protein and fat by centrifugation at 11,000 x g. The supernatant was then assayed for protein content and antioxidant activities. The result showed that among dadih from Agam, Sijunjung and Solok regency, dadih from Agam regency showed lowest protein content but highest antioxidant activities in Fe reducing power with absorbance 1.28 and scavenging activity against radical ABTS (86.46%) or DPPH (82.24%). The result indicated that dadih, especially from Agam regency is very potent as an antioxidant.
Selection and characterization yeast potential from pineapple for bioethanol production using some sugar sources
Authors: Chasanah N , Meryandini A , Sunarti T C
Published: March 2020

Bioethanol can be produced through fermentation process of sugars based on carbohydrate biomass such as lignosellulosa by microorganism such as yeast. Yeast changes sugar as a carbon source to produce ethanol and CO2 in anaerobic condition. Pineapple as a fruit commodity that is widely cultivated in Indonesia contain high sugar and carbohydrates so it might contain yeast which has the potential in bioethanol production. This research aims to select and characterize potential yeast from pineapple for bioethanol production from some sugars. The method included fermentation test, ethanol production (measurement of reduction sugar, dry cell biomass, and ethanol contain), and molecular identification. Yeast utilize substrates as carbon source for producing cell or ethanol. Ethanol production influenced by substrates, microorganism, and total cell. The results showed that NHC3 used as selected isolate based on the degree of coloration in Oxidative Fermentative Media. The largest ethanol production was 10,63 g/L obtained from mannose where the highest value of substrate utilization efficiency was 95%. The value of yield product is 0,27 g bioethanol/g substrate and yield biomass is 0,14 g biomass/g substrate. BLAST result shows NHC3 had homology >99% with Saccharomycetales and Kodamaea ohmeri.
Selection of potential Indonesian plant species for antioxidant
Authors: Kartini K , Setiawan F , Sukweenadhi J , Yunita O , Avanti C
Published: March 2020

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is commonly complication of diabetes mellitus. Antimicrobial and antioxidant herbs can be used as complementary therapy in DFU and these properties will be strengthened by silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). This study was performed for screening of Indonesian herbs promising as antioxidant which can be subsequently involved in the green synthesis of AgNPs. Antioxidant of eight herbs extracts were evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl method. Their total group of compounds were quantified as well. Phyllanthus niruri and Orthosiphon stamineus exhibited the strongest antioxidant power with IC50 of 102 and 133 μg/ml, followed by Curcuma domestica, Stelechocarpus burahol, and Curcuma xanthorriza with the IC50 of 363, 481, and 540 μg/ml, respectively. Sonchus arvensis, Apium graveolens, Centella asiatica did not have antioxidants activity. Total phenolics from the highest is: O. stamineus > C. domestica > C. xanthorrizha > P. niruri > S. burahol > S. arvensis > A. graveolens > C. asiatica, whereas total flavonoids order is O. stamineus > S. burahol > P. niruri > A. graveolens > C. asiatica > S. arvensis > C. xanthorrizha > C. domestica. We concluded that O. stamineus was the most suitable herb to be used as a bioreductor in the green synthesis of AgNPs.
Isolation and characterization of indole-3-acetic acid producing bacteria from red onion rhizosphere
Authors: Zahroya I U , Mubarik N R , Tjahjoleksono A
Published: March 2020

There are many bacteria classified as growth enhancer in plants which known as Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR). PGPR can directly induce plant growth by producing of phytohormone Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA). The objective of this study was to obtain bacterial isolates of IAA producing rhizobacteria from red onion rhizosphere and to characterize the potential isolates. The methods used in the study were a sampling of soil, isolation of IAA producing rhizobacteria, measurement of IAA by using colorimetric assay, morphological identification of bacterial isolates, measurement of bacterial growth and IAA production, and test of hypersensitivity on tobacco leaves. There were fourteen IAA producing bacterial from red onion rhizosphere. The isolates could produce IAA by colorimetric assay detection. Three isolates produced IAA was higher than other isolates i.e. BIT 2,4 (61.72 ppm), BIS 3,4 (60.92 ppm) and BIT 2,1 (49.3 ppm). Meanwhile, isolate BIT 4,1 produced the lowest IAA as much as 3 ppm. Four isolates were gram-positive bacteria. Isolates BIS 3,4 and BIT 2,1 produced exogenous (extracellular) IAA on stationary phase. Two isolates potential (BIS 3,4 and BIT 2,1) did not cause necrotic symptoms or negative results for the hypersensitivity test on tobacco leaves.
Bioprospecting of fruit extract and endophytic bacteria isolated from dewandaru (Eugenia uniflora L.) as antibacterial against colorectal bacteria
Authors: Indrawati I , Safitri F A L , Rossiana N
Published: March 2020

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. The gut bacteria are an important player in the development of colorectal cancer. Dewandaru (Eugenia uniflora L.) have been used as a traditional medicine to treat various diseases. Many of antibacterial metabolites produced by the fruit and its endophytic bacteria. This study aimed to find Antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of dewandaru fruit using Kirby - Bauer disk diffusion method and to determine Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) using Dilution Tube Method (DTM). Endophytic bacteria were isolated from dewandaru fruit by using sterilization treatment followed by serial dilution agar plate and streak technique. All the isolates and ethanolic extract with different concentration were evaluated for the antimicrobial activity against colorectal bacteria (Streptococcus bovis, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica). The results showed resistant– strong inhibitory zone category of fruit extract and isolated endophytic bacteria. The isolates were identified as Bacillus cereus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Bacillus sp.
Screening and characterization of molecular markers for sugarcane stem borer (Saccharum officinarum L.) resistance genes
Authors: Aristya G R , Larasati B , Prabowo H , Husna N , Kasiamdari R S
Published: March 2020

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) constitutes a main crop for production of sugar that serves as the main calorie source for public consumption. It is a particular challenge for the Government and related parties to ensure its availability. A decline in sugarcane production on agricultural land occurs due to disturbances by plant pests, especially stem borers. Stem borers can reduce sugar production by 52 to 73%. The purposes of the present study were to screen and detect genes resistant to stem borer attacks in 22 sugarcane cultivars and to characterize SacBBI4 as among the resistance gene markers in sugarcane. The present study produced 3 primer designs. The primer P-SacBBI4-A successfully amplified SacBBI4 gene at 729 bp, the primer P-SacBBI4-B at 624 bp, while the primer P-SacBBI4-C successfully amplified the target gene at 671 bp and same value were also obtained when analyzing the sequences on the Genstudio. As shown by the phylogenetic tree, two large clusters were formed. The first cluster was the WIP1 coding cluster, while the second one was the BBI coding cluster. The phylogenetic tree and genetic distance showed that the primer P-SacBBI4-C was the primer design closest to the target gene SacBBI4 on the NCBI data.
Introgression of bacterial blight resistance gene Xa7 into popular Indonesian rice varieties through backcross and molecular breeding
Authors: Hairmansis A , Warsono  , Supartopo  , Yullianida  , Nasution A , Utami D W , Suwarno
Published: March 2020

Bacterial blight (BB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is one of major diseases in rice production. The BB resistance gene Xa7 is one of effective genes against Xoo strains in Indonesia. This study aimed to introgress BB resistance gene Xa7 into submergence tolerant rice variety Inpara 5 (IR64 Sub1) and brown plant hopper (BPH) resistant rice variety Inpari 13. Stable BB resistant rice lines have been successfully developed after three backcrossing and four generations of fixation (BC3F4). Screening for BB resistance were conducted in generative stage using Xoo strains IV and VIII. The reaction pattern of the backcross lines against these two Xoo strains were similar to the BB resistant parent Conde. The introgression of the Xa7 gene in Inpara 5 and Inpari 13 genome have been confirmed by using SSR markers RM20589 and RM20590; and Xa7 gene specific marker Xa7-LD34. Agronomic characters and grain quality properties of the backcross lines were comparable to the recurrent parents. Other desirable traits from recurrent parents including submergence tolerance and BPH resistance retained in the selected backcross lines. The BB resistance rice lines with popular rice varieties genetic background developed through this study have potential to be released for farmers adoption.
Influence of phosphorus and organic fertilizers on the growth and yield of Indonesian new superior variety of soybean in dry climate rice fields
Authors: Herawati N , Hidayah B N , Ghulammahdi M
Published: March 2020

The response of soybean crop to organic fertilizers has not been fully understood in Indonesia. This research aims to investigate the response of new superior variety of Anjasmoro soybean to phosphorus and organic fertilizers in the dry climate ricefields. The experiment was conducted in Sesela Village, West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia from August - November 2015 using a randomized 2-factor design. The first factor was phosphorus fertilizer with 4 levels: 0 kg/ha, 36 kg/ha, 72 kg/ha and 108 kg/ha. The second factor was organic fertilizer with 4 levels of fertilizer dosage: 0 ton/ha, 2.5 tons/ha, 5 tons/ha and 7.5 tons/ha. Parameter observed were plant height, number of leaves, number of nodules, number of productive branches, number of pods, number of empty pods, dry weight, weight of 100 seeds, and production. The results showed that the optimum dose of organic fertilizer was 7.5 tons/ha with the highest number of pods of 100. This was confirmed by the regression value (R2) of 0.97 which indicates that organic fertilizer affects the increase in the number of pods in a quadratic. Phosphorus fertilizer has an effect on the number of empty pods, number of productive pods, number of pods, productivity and production of soybean.
The endophytic bacteria of oil palm and areca nut are beneficial as antagonist of Ganoderma boninense and potential as plant growth promoter
Authors: Anggita S A , Munif A , Nawangsih A A , Tryono R
Published: March 2020

Ganoderma boninense is the pathogenic fungi causing Basal Stem Rot (BSR) disease on oil palm. This study aimed to obtain potential endophytic bacteria as antagonist as well as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) agents. This study employed three stepwises as follows: 1) isolation and selection of endophytic bacteria in vitro, 2) in vitro antagonism and plant growth promoting assays, and 3) molecular identification of the bacteria. Endophytic bacteria isolated from the root tissues of oil palm and areca nut totally produced 88 isolates. Among those, EG17, EG26, EG113, EG215, AC28, AC112, and AC214 were investigated further because they showed negative result on both hypersensitive and hemolytic assays suggesting that these are not plant pathogen and harmless to mammals. Antagonism assay showed that three isolates with highest growth inhibitions to G. boninense were exhibited by EG26, EG113 and AC112 with 56.80%, 56.51% and 56.11%, respectively. These isolates also significantly enhanced the growth of rice seedlings as a model plant, particularly AC112 that increased root length and plant height up to 30.77% and 39.57%. Molecular identification using 16S rDNA sequencing showed that EG26, EG113 and AC112 were identical to Bacillus subtilis strain VD1, Bacillus velezensis strain Bac57, Bacillus toyonensis strain JCT-23, respectively.
Degradation of chlorpyrifos and BPMC by the bacteria isolated from contaminated shallot farm soil
Authors: Akhdiya A , Wartono  , Sulaeman Eman
Published: March 2020

Accumulation of insecticide residues is harmful to the environment and human living. The research was conducted to explore the chlorpyriphos and BPMC degrading bacteria from contaminated shallot farm soils and to formulate bacterial consortium to be applied as the insecticides bioremediation agent. Among nineteen bacterial isolates, K10 and K14 bacterial isolates could degrade up to 38.3% and 43.3% chlorpyrifos contained in its growth medium in 5 days, respectively. Two bacterial isolates namely B21 dan B17 could degrade BPMC up to 75.9% dan 77% in 5 days of incubation. Bacterial consortium of K10+K14, K10+B21, and B17+B21 isolates could enhance in-vitro degration of chlorpyrifos up to 89.6%, 88.9%, and 88.1% respectively, while its BPMC degradation enhanced up to 75.9%, 70.3%, dan 69.5% respectively. The highest in-vitro degradation was showed by K10+K14 bacterial consortium. It could degrade up to 79.9% for chlorpyrifos, and 71.9% for BPMC. Base on the 16S rDNA sequence analysis, the isolates have similarity 97.7% to A. baumannii, 96.3% to B. toyonensis, 94.4% to uncultured enterobacter sp. clone 150, and 78.08% to uncultured bacterium clonenck09g01c1 for K10, K14, B17, and B21 bacterial isolates, respectively.
Heterosis of seedling traits and their correlation to aphids infestation in chili pepper
Authors: Daryanto A , Hidayat P , Maharijaya A , M Syukur dan
Published: March 2020

Chili pepper is a vegetable plant in a group of horticulture plants. The seedling vigorous and their genetic potency to reduce the number of aphids infestation can encourage chili pepper productivity. The objective of this research was to study heterosis, heterobeltiosis, and correlation of seedling traits to aphids infestation from ten chili hybrid genotypes derived from five chili inbred lines through half diallel crosses. The experiment was conducted using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications at the IPB University experiment field and laboratory, Darmaga. Seedling traits and aphids infestation observed at 5 weeks after sowing. Two aphids were infested per plant and evaluated 12 days after infestation. Heterosis effects were predicted based on the average values of their parents whereas heterobeltiosis were predicted based on the average values of the best parents. Hybrid IPB C5 x IPB C4 had the highest heterosis and heterobeltiosis for all seedling traits. Hybrid IPB C3 x IPB C4, IPB C4 x IPB C313 and IPB C20 x IPB C313 had the highest heterosis and heterobeltiosis for reducing number aphids per leaf and aphids per plant. There was no correlation between seedling traits with aphids infestation.
Development of rice mutant tolerance to salinity through combination of gamma rays irradiation and in-vitro selection
Authors: Yunita R , Dewi I S , Lestar E G , Mastur
Published: March 2020

Global warming caused a large rise in global sea level poses many threats, especially to a country like Indonesia. One of the threats that affected rice field located adjacent to coastal area is increase level of soil salinity. Inpari 34 and Inpari 35 varieties tolerant to salinity at seedling phase cannot perform well when planted in salinity prone area where the increase in salinity affected by the up and down of sea surface occurred during the planting season. The aims of this experiment were to obtain putative salinity-tolerant mutant (M1) at vegetative and generative phase from Inpari 34 and Inpari 35 through combination of gamma rays irradiation and in-vitro selection. The study consisted of several activities, namely embryogenic callus induction, mutation induction by gamma-ray irradiation, callus in-vitro selection by NaCl, regeneration of selected callus, and plantlet acclimatization and greenhouse grow-out. In this experiment 62 and 54 putative salinity-tolerant mutant lines obtained from Inpari 34 and Inpari 35, respectively.
Evaluation of morpho-agronomic characterization Apple cucumber: a new variety of melon from Indonesia
Authors: Saputro N W , Hidayat T , Bayfurqon F M , Khamid M B R
Published: March 2020

The Cucurbitaceae has been known to many farmers as a plant that has beneficial for agriculture industries. For decades plants that belong to Cucurbitaceae such as cucumber (Cucumis sativus), watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), and melon (Cucumis melo) has been cultivated to meet consumer needs. In Indonesia, a new variety of melon has been discovered namely apple cucumber. This new variety has blurred the difference between melon and cucumber due to the vegetative resemblance. This research was conducted to clarify the different characters and to study the morpho-agronomic characteristic in qualitative and quantitative-based on IPGRI descriptors. Important and significant diagnostic characters were observed to developed good cultivar in quality and quantity. 16 qualitative and 15 quantitative characters from 120 characters of apple cucumber were observed to determine the specific characters for good cultivar. Principal Analysis Component (PCA) using Python was used to showed discriminative character and also to distinguished apple cucumber to melon and cucumber based on 120 characters of apple cucumber. Morphological differences existing among melon, cucumber, watermelon, and apple cucumber, in particular, are presented.
Melissopalinological characteristic of stingless bee (Trigona/Tetragonula) honey in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Anggadhania L , Wahyuni N , Rizqiani K D
Published: March 2020

These research objectives were to identify the honey type and the potential plants as food source of stingless bees in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. Stingless bees honey samples were collected on September 2016 from four different locations in Lombok which are North Lombok, West Lombok, Central Lombok, and East Lombok. The pollen analysis was performed using Von Der Ohe et al. (2004) methods with modification. The result showed that stingless bees honey samples from four locations did not have predominant pollen which classified as multifloral honey. Meanwhile in the honey samples there identified 27 pollen types belonging to 21 families. The pollen spectrums of honey samples were diverse, with the highest dominancy of Arecaceae (Cocos nucífera) in North and Central Lombok and also Tiliaceae (Type Tílíaceae) in West and East Lombok.
Design and implementation of ecoholistic vertiminaponic with automated control and internet of things based monitoring system for sustainable urban farming
Authors: Sugeru H , Musa P , Miska M E E
Published: March 2020

The urban farming plant system is a type of plant that requires extra monitoring in its maintenance. Internet of Things is a concept whereby an object has ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. In otherwise, optimizing limited spaces in urban areas we can combine several cultivation technique as integrated urban farming consist of plant culture, aquaculture apiary, veterinary, etc. This study aims to create smartly integrated all those cultivations as one cycle system that we called Ecoholistic Vertiminaponic using automated control and monitoring applications on the systems by utilizing the Internet of Things using Android and Cloud smart phones. Applications on Android smart phones are made to be able to know the sensor data that exist on the Cloud and also control the lights, pumps, and fans on the vertiminaponic system through Cloud. Both tasks can be done remotely via an Android smart phone connected to the internet. By using this system, activities that should be done directly can be done remotely via the internet, including in the monitoring and control of plant systems. As the cycle of cultivation system Ecoholistic Vertiminaponic will support urban sustainable farming and its food self-sufficiency.
Major Rice Pest Development After Increasing Rice Planting Index and Acceleration of Planting Time in Lampung Province
Authors: Widiarta I N , Kiswanto  , Rivaie A A
Published: March 2020

Agriculture development in Indonesia has been targeted to attain food resilient by increasing rice production. Lampung has been involved in rice production increasing activity since 2008 up to now. Rice transplanted area in Lampung was increased by distinctive effort by mean of increasing rice planting index and acceleration of planting time to boost rice planting areas as well as production. The objectives of this study were to observe pest before and after; as well as ongoing rice field with and without increasing rice planting index and acceleration of planting time, and to analyze factors involved in the pest attack. The results showed that brown planthopper and rat were main pest problem. Infested area by brown planthopper and rat were negatively correlated with delayed planting but were increased by increasing planting index. The rise of brown planthopper populations was affected by pest management, planting system, integrated crop management implementation, and resistant variety planted. Meanwhile, the increase of rat attack was influenced by increasing of rice planting index, acceleration of planting time, and the dose of urea fertilizer. The brown planthopper and rat threaten sustainability of rice production in which increasing rice planting index and acceleration of planting time were implemented.
The role of indigenous cellulolytic and amylolytic microbes in cassava pulp during the drying process
Authors: Chalisya N , Sunarti T C , Meryandini A
Published: March 2020

Cassava pulp is a solid waste resulted from the processing of cassava into tapioca. Cassava pulp is composed of cellulose and residual starch extract. In addition, cassava pulp contains undigested oligosaccharides. During the cassava pulp drying process, various indigenous microbes grow so that it affects the quality of dried cassava pulp. This study aimed to examine the role of indigenous cellulolytic and amylolytic microbes in cassava pulp during the drying process. Indigenous microbes were isolated from cassava pulp from 0 to 15 days using CMC and starch agar to obtain cellulolytic and amylolytic bacteria. Thirty-two types of cellulolytic bacteria and four types of amylolytic bacteria from cassava pulp were selected based on their cellulolytic and amylolytic index. The dominance of cellulolytic bacteria occurred during the drying process (15 days). The highest cellulolytic index obtained was 1.47 and the amylolytic index was 0.86. Selected isolates that had a high index value were then further tested for growth and cellulase enzyme activity. Cellulase produced by isolates of COC1 bacteria had the highest enzyme activity at the 15th hour, which was 0.06 U / mL. Cassava pulp which underwent a drying process for 15 days had crude fiber and carbohydrates changes.
Characteristics of mannanase enzyme in actinomycetes isolated from Taman Nasional Bukit Duabelas Jambi
Authors: Evan S , Meryandini A , Sunarti T C
Published: March 2020

Indonesia has about 14.03 million hectars of palm oil plantation. Palm kernel cake (PKC) is a byproduct of palm oil processing majority consist of β-mannan. Mannan is a component of hemicellulose which have an economic value. Mannan can be converted to the manooligosaccharides (MOS) using bacterial enzyme. This study aimed to produce MOS from PKC using actinomycetes from Taman Nasional Bukit Duabelas Jambi. The selection was begun with the production of the clear zone on medium containing PKC then enzyme activity was measured. Isolate HJ4-5B had the highest mannanolytic index up to 0.4. The enzyme activity of isolate HJ4-5B increased significantly up to 0.895 U/mL at 7th day of culture incubation. The highest mannanase activity of isolate HJ4-5B occurs at pH 6 and 70 °C with an incubation time of 7th day which reached 1.186 U/mL.
The enhancement of growth, biomass production and lipid productivity of microalgae Choricystis sp. LBB13-AL045 by the addition of hot water extract of its dried biomass
Authors: Praharyawan S , Rahman D Y , Susilaningsih D
Published: March 2020

This study sought to evaluate the influence of hot water extract addition on cell growth, biomass production and lipid productivity during cultivation of microalgae Choricystis sp. LBB13-AL045 under different light intensity. The cellular growth of microalgae in terms of growth rate and produced biomass increased significantly with the addition of hot water extract into the microalgal culture under both low- and high-light intensity (3000 and 30000 lux, respectively), demonstrating that hot water extract of microalgal biomass positively interferes with the metabolism of microalgae and the production of biomass. Thus, microalgal lipid productivity was eventually increased almost three times when hot water extract (7,5 mg/mL) was employed in the microalgal cultivation with high light intensity. Hot water extract was prepared by the autoclaving varied concentration of dried microalgal biomass (2,5-7,5 mg/mL) in water. The cultivation of Choricystis sp. LBB13-AL045 showed the highest net increase of biomass production (975,05 mg) at hot water extract concentration of 7,5 mg/mL and light intensity of 30000 lux. The current investigation demonstrates that hot water extract of Choricystis’s dried biomass accelerate its growth and induce its lipid productivity for its application in biodiesel production.
Replacement of fish meal with the waste of smoked fish processing and snail (Pila ampulacea) flesh meal in the fermented practical diet of walking Catfish (Clarias sp.)
Authors: Nurhayati A P D , Ashuri N M , Setiawan E , Novanti C , Firmansyah Y , Putro B L , Isnansetyo A
Published: March 2020

Waste of smoked fish processing still contains nutritious ingredients for fish feed. Aims of this research were to determine the effect of giving pellets from fish fumigation waste to the growth and proximate levels of fish. Dumbo catfishes that feed by recycled pellets and characterizing fungal content that might contaminate recycled pellets. Catfishes were grouped into five groups, and feed with a variation of smoked fish waste contents in pellets K.0 (Control), K.1 (0% of recycled waste), K.2 (30% of recycled waste), K.3 (60% of recycled waste), and K.4 (90% of recycled waste). Feeding and nourishment were performed for 30 days. Results indicated that K4 yields the highest yield of weight and length for catfishes with a length of 22.28±0.69 cm and weight 31.74±0.93 gr, in addition to the lowest FCR value 0.77.
Characterization of pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase α-subunit gene from sugarcane showing gene without intron
Authors: Alamsyah F , Widyasari W , Suhandono S
Published: March 2020

Pyrophosphate-dependent Phosphofructokinase or PFP is an enzyme that regulate sucrose metabolism. It consists of α- and β-subunits, which encoded byPFPαandPFPβgenes, respectively. Sugarcane PFPa has a strong function in glycolysis and has the potency to be engineered to increase sugarcane yield. Hence, the purpose of this work was to isolate, clone and characterize the sugarcanePFPαgene. Total RNA was isolated from leafrolls of TD 91 sugarcane variety. cDNA synthesis followed by DNA amplification ofPFPαgene were performed using degenerate primers. cDNA and DNA fragments were ligated into pGEM-T Easy vector, which were subsequently introduced toE. colicompetent cells.EcoRIwere used to cut the plasmids for sequencing. Finally, homology searching was conducted using BLASTn, and then the nucleotide sequence was translated to a protein sequence using Bioedit. The results showed thatPFPαcDNA fragment was 900 bp in length. The translated PFPa protein showed binding sites for fructose-6-phosphate and fructose-1,6-biphosphate, which are conserved in all family members of PFP.In silicoanalysis of the DNA fragment showed gene without intron. In conclusion, thePFPαgene from sugarcane has been successfully isolated, cloned and characterized.
In vitro spermatogenesis of shark minnow fish (Osteochilus hasselti Valenciennes 1842) as a potential fish reproductive biotechnology
Authors: Umami M , Sistina Y , Wijayanti G E
Published: March 2020

In vitro spermatogenesis has many clinical applications and hopefully with improvement of research findings this technique will solve the applied fisheries era 4.0. This research aimed to evaluate the effects of testosterone and type of serum on the in vitro spermatogenesis of shark-minnow fish (Osteochilus hasselti). In the present research, four concentrations of testosterone (0, 5, 10 and 15 ng/mL) were tested. The types of serum used were autologous serum and Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS). The results showed that the use autologous serum in the culture medium capable of maintaining the consistency of the tissue culture in culture period and maintaining in vitro spermatogenesis of shark-minnow. This study shown that stage-specific of spermatogenic cells needed certain testosterone concentration. The stage of secondary spermatocyte needed testosterone concentration of 5ng/mL i.e. 50.81±9.29% in medium with autologous serum and 36.47±15.49% in medium with FBS, while stage of spermatid and spermatozoa needed testosterone concentration of 10ng/mL i.e. 36.66±19.81% and spermatozoa 43.45±23.44% in autologous serum and the proportion of spermatid i.e. 42.35±9.09% and spermatozoa 35.25±14.0% in medium with FBS. This study proven that in-vitro spermatogenesis, already demonstrated in shark-minnow fish, offered great promises to cope with reproductive issues in the aquaculture and applied fisheries biotechnology.
Mining and characterization of genomic-based microsatellite markers in duku (Lansium domesticum)
Authors: Sari H P , Efendi D , Suwarno W B , Matra D D
Published: March 2020

Duku (Lansium domesticum) has a high diversity. There are no specific markers to assess genetic diversity in Duku. Microsatellite markers can determine genetic diversity more specifically in the cultivar level. This study aimed to isolate and characterize microsatellite sequences from the assembled-genome database. The markers were developed from 455 010 contigs of the velvet-assembled genome using the MISA program. BLASTN program was used for sequence annotation.Characterization of microsatellite markers was analyzed using bioinformatics. The result was found 7 types of repeat type: 63 contigs of mononucleotide with most motif of T, 450 contigs of dinucleotide with most motif of TA, 3094 contigs of trinucleotide with most motif of AAT, 561 contigs of tetranucleotide with most motif of TTAA, 85 contigs of pentanucleotide with most motif of TTTCT, 144 contigs of hexanucleotide with most motif of AAAAAT and 1331 contigs of compound sequence. This study provides information about specific markers in L. domesticum and will contribute to plant breeding development.
Stingless bee Tetragonula laeviceps and T. aff. biroi: geometric morphometry analysis of wing venation variations
Authors: Laksono P , Raffiudin R , Juliandi B
Published: March 2020

Tetragonula laeviceps from Pandeglang West Java is characterized by a thin honey pot. The purpose of this study was to analyze variations of wing venation among stingless bee T. laeviceps, T. laeviceps (thin honey pot) and T. aff. biroi using geometric morphometric analysis. The research was conducted by digitized the landmark at nine homologs venations of stingless bee anterior right-wing venation from 20 individuals of each species. The results show variations on wing venation in the intra- and interspecies of stingless bees based on the relative warp ordination plot. Landmark numbers 4 and number 6 are the characteristics that separate T. laeviceps and T. laeviceps (thin honey pot), and landmark numbers 1, 2, 5, and number 9 are characteristic between T. laeviceps and T. aff. biroi. Based on relative contribution value, landmark number 7 revealed as significant characters in the genus level and landmark number 9 are characteristics in the intraspecies of Tetragonula. The number of landmark variations and bending energy value of intraspecies are less compare to the interspecies of Tetragonula. The unrooted phylogenetic analysis shows the T. laeviceps, T. laeviceps (thin honey pot) and T. aff. biroi are separate in a different cluster for the intra- and interspecies.
A Method for the Measurement of Thickness of Inorganic Solid Films by Medium Energy Electron Excited X-ray Fluorescence
Authors: Zhou Hailong , Yu Feng , Ji Zhenguo
Published: March 2020

In this paper, a new non-destructive method of measuring the thickness of nanometer thin films by medium energy electron excited X-ray fluorescence was introduced. Due to strong decay of the intensity of incident electron beam with energy of the order of 1 keV in solid materials, the penetration depth is very small, only in the order of 1 nm. Therefore, the escape depth of the X-ray fluorescence excited by the electron beam is also limited by the penetration depth of the incident electron beam, i.e., the X-ray fluorescence detected is emitted only from the top most layers. By simply compare the intensity of an XRF peak from the substrate with/without the deposition of thin film, the thickness of the films can be easily calculated. The method described in this paper is simple in participle, nondestructive, and applicable for films of any elements. As an example, a set of Al films deposited on Si substrate was demonstrated, the results show that this method is feasible, and the detection limit can be as low as 1 nm or less.
Synthesis of a Novel Water-Based Drilling Fluids Loss Reducer
Authors: Du Weichao , Wang Xiangyun , Zhang Yunyue , Chen Gang
Published: March 2020

In this paper, an inorganic/organic water-based drilling fluids reducer AM/AA/GO was prepared by using acrylamide (AM), acrylic acid (AA) and graphene oxide (GO) as raw material. Structural of AM/AA/GO was characterized via FT-IR, GPC and TGA-DSC. GPC results showed that the molecular weight of AM/AA/GO was 23503 g/mol and the TGA-DSC confirmed the excellent temperature resistance ability of AM/AA/GO.
“Mist Polymerization” Method for Fabricating Superhydrophobic Cotton Fabrics
Authors: Liu Xiangdong , Li Lin
Published: March 2020

Recently, our group developed a surface modification technology using “mist polymerization” to fabricate functional cotton fabrics. The “mist polymerization” method have both the advantages of liquid-phase and gas-phase reactions: less damages on the structure of the matrix material, very fine and controllable layer, wide applicable monomer range, and small monomer dosage. Here, I summarize recent works on the application of the “mist polymerization” method to fabricate superhydrophobic fabrics.
Preparation of pH-Sensitive β-Cyclodextrin Derivatives and Evaluation of Their Drug-Loading Properties
Authors: Jiang Liye , Liu Xiaofang , Xuan Guangshan
Published: March 2020

Hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) is widely used in the encapsulation of drugs and the increase of solubility of poorly soluble drugs. The modified hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin can make cyclodextrin have pH and temperature sensitive and other characteristics. The purpose of this study was to oxidize and crosslink HP-β-CD to prepare a derivative of the network structure and evaluate its drug-loading properties. First, the βcyclodextrin with aldehyde group was obtained by periodate oxidation, and then crosslinked with different ratios of ethylenediamine (EN) to obtain a network structure of hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin derivative (EN-HP-β-CD). The β-cyclodextrin derivatives were characterized by FT-IR, DSC, XRD and SEM. Vitamin E (VE) was used as a model drug to study the solubilization effect, phase solubility and in vitro release behaviour under different pH conditions. The results showed that EN-HP-β-CD could significantly improve the solubility of VE, and 1:1 EN-HP-β-CD could increase the solubility by 25 times. In vitro release experiments under different pH conditions within 24 h showed that the cumulative release at pH 4.5 was 78.25%, which was significantly higher than the pH 7 release effect (43.94%). The result indicated that EN-HP-β-CD had solubility increasing effect and pH-sensitive properties.
Activated Carbon Developed from Amygdalus Pedunculata Shell for Cephalexin Removal: Kinetics and Equilibrium Study
Authors: Xiong Rongrong , Bai Qiuhong , Li Shaoni , Shu Yu , Chen Bang , He Li , Shen Yehua
Published: March 2020

Cephalexin (CEX) is widely used in aquaculture, animal husbandry, agriculture and forestry and other areas due to its wide antibacterial, high efficacy curative and less allergic reaction. However, exposure of antibiotics to the environment destroys the micro-ecological balance and leads to an increase in bacterial resistance. Herein, low-price and high-efficiency activated carbon (AC) was produced from Amygdalus pedunculata shells (APS) by phosphoric acid and zinc chloride activation. The as-obtained AC shows high specific surface area of up to 1, 810 m2 g−1 and 1, 688 m2 g−1 prepared by ZnCl2 and H3PO4 activation, respectively, and contains hierarchical sturcture of interconnected macro-, meso- and micropores. The maximum adsorption capacity for CEX based on the Langmuir model are 199.60 and 149.03 mg g−1 by ZnCl2 and H3PO4 methods, respectively. Therefore, the present AC produced from APS has potential as a low-cost adsorbent for CEX.
Fluorescence of CQDs Synthesized by Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Li Huiqin , Deng Cui , Yan Shaotian , Dou Shumei , Zhao Weiwei
Published: March 2020

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are widely used in biological imaging, biosensors and nanocaterials. Because of their good optical properties, biocompatibility, low toxicity, easy surface functionalization and other advantages. In this paper, Carbon quantum dots was prepared by one-step hydrothermal method with glucose as carbon source. The effects of the reaction time and the reaction temperature were investigated. The morphology of CQDs was observed by transmission electron microscopy and their structural properties were characterized using fluorescence spectrum, Fourier transform infrared spectrum and uv-visible spectrum. The experimental results show that CQDs with good performance is synthesized successfully by this method, and the synthesized CQDs has the best performance at 180°C and 8 h.
Study on Degradation of Azithromycin Antibiotics by Molybdenum Sulfide Graphene Oxide Composites under Visible Light
Authors: Li Changyan , Jin Huihui , Hou Zepeng , Guo Yan
Published: March 2020

Waste water including azithromycin antibiotics could cause environment to generate antibiotics bacteria, which heavily damage the ecological balance. It is necessary to study the degradation of azithromycin antibiotics. Molybdenum sulfide graphene oxide composites were synthesized by hydrothermal method. Owing to their better conductivity, the photocatalytic performance of molybdenum sulfide graphene oxide composites for azithromycin was evaluated in the visible-light range. The results show that the degradation rates of molybdenum sulfide and molybdenum sulfide graphene oxide composites to 100 mg/L azithromycin were 87% and 75%, respectively after 180 min of visible light irradiation. Molybdenum sulfide graphene oxide composites show better azithromycin degradation property.
Effect of Boron on Microstructure and Properties of Ultra-Low Carbon Steel
Authors: Ruan Shipeng , Zhao Aimin , Wang Lijun
Published: March 2020

The effect of boron on microstructure, mechanical property and conductivity of ultra-low carbon steel wire rod with diameter 6.5 mm was studied. The results show that boron has little influence on the grain size and mechanical property of ultra-low carbon steel wire rod when adding 0.0020% boron alone and under the same process conditions; but when 0.0055% boron is added, the ASTM grain size number of the wire rod is coarsened from the 7.5 grade to 6 grade, at the same time, the tensile strength is reduced by 20 MPa and the electrical conductivity is increased from 16.2%IACS to 16.3%IACS. The effect of Boron on tensile strength is mainly caused by coarsening grain diameter. The effect of boron on grain diameter is related to [B]/[N], when the [B]/[N] is relatively high(for example 1.34), the grain diameter growth is obvious, conversely, when the [B]/[N] is relatively low(for example 0.44), the grain diameter growth is not obvious.
A Three Dimensional Conductive Matrix of Activated Carbon Coated Copper-Cobalt Prussian Blue Material for Sodium Ion Supercapacitors
Authors: Xu Song , Wan Tao , Zhou Kaibin , Huang Haibo , Zhou Ting , Mao Wenqi , Wei Jiaqiang , Gong Shangkun , Liu Tong
Published: March 2020

In this work, a three dimensional (3D) conductive material of activated carbon coating Copper-Cobalt Prussian Blue (PB) is synthesized and applied on sodium ion supercapacitors. The activated carbon is proved able to enhance the conductivity, prevent structural collapse during sodium ion deintercalation, reduce interstitial water in PB crystals as well as special hindrance, and improve electrochemical performance of super capacitors dramatically. It is demonstrated that a specific capacity of 90.4 F g−1 and and power density of 4.3 kW kg−1 as well as energy density of 65.1 Wh kg−1 are achieved for CuCoHCF@ AC//AC device. In addition, 90% % starting value are retained for the specific capacity after 2000 cycles operation.
Characterization of Ethylene-butene Polyethylene Copolymers by DSC and SSA
Authors: Li Rui , Yang Guoxing , Liu Li
Published: March 2020

Two copolymers of M1 and M2 were studied by DSC and SSA. The SSA test was applied to characterized the distribution of methylene sequence length (MSL) in the M1 and M2 copolymers. The butene comonomer contents of M1 and M2 were 4.66 mol% and 4.83 mol%, respectively. The content of butene comonomer of M1 and M2 is low, and the distribution of MSL increases monotonously with that of MSL. The longest MSL of M1 is 195.4, and the mole fraction is 0.96%, which is higher than M2. The influence of MSL and distribution on the crystallinity and Tm is greater than that of the total monomer content, which are different with traditional opinions.
Fabrication and Photocatalytic Performance of CQDs/Co-g-C3N4 Heterojunction
Authors: Qiu Lingfang , Zhou Zhiwei , Qiu Xiaobin , Ma Mengfan , Li Ping , Duo Shuwang
Published: March 2020

A novel heterojunction photocatalyst by loading CQDs on Co-g-C3N4 was synthesized by simple hydrothermal process successfully. The crystal phase, surface chemical component and optical properties of CQDs/Co-g-C3N4, Co-g-C3N4 and g-C3N4 were analyzed based on characterizations such as XRD, FT-IR, DRS and PL. The effect of CQDs loading ratio on the properties and photocatalytic performance of the composites was investigated in detail. The optimized CQDs/Co-g-C3N4 (mass ratio of CQDs and Co-g-C3N4 was 0.12%) showed wide visible light adsorption within the wavelength of 800 nm. Moreover, it showed an improved RhB photodegradation efficiency which was 40.9% and 68.3% higher than the value of Co-g-C3N4 and g-C3N4, respectively. The higher photocatalytic activity of CQDs/Co-g-C3N4 should be ascribed to the effective separation of photo-induced carriers.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance of g-C3N4 Decorated with MOF-Derived Hollow ZnS Polyhedrons
Authors: Si Ying , Zhang Xiaoxian , Liang Tingting , Duo Shuwang , Liu Huan , Li Ping
Published: March 2020

The low separation rate of photo-generated e−-h+ pairs is one of the important elements leading to poor performance of semiconductor photocatalysts. The construction of heterojunctions is an effective method to separate e−-h+ pairs. For the purpose of addressing the efficient visible light driven photocatalysts, we construct a g-C3N4/ZnS heterojunction by a facile in-situ synthetic method. The as-obtained productions were characterized by XRD, UV-vis DRS and PL. Different weight ratios of g-C3N4/ZnS were prepared and g-C3N4/ZnS-8:1 displayed the highest photo activity for MO degradation. It is capable of declining 74.4% of MO within 160 min, •O2
− and h
+
play a most important function in the reaction. The enhancement of photocatalytic performance is ascribed to the formation of heterojunction, which promotes the separation of photo-generated e−-h+ pairs.
Delay-Enhanced Synchronization in Two Coupled Chaotic Light-Emitting Diodes
Authors: Qin Qing , Zhang J , Guo T
Published: March 2020

In a light-emitting diode (LED) with ac-coupled nonlinear optoelectronic feedback, chaos can occur within a wide range of the voltage threshold parameter. When two identical such LEDs are coupled without delays, with increase of the coupling strength, transitions occur from anti-phase synchronization of periodic spiking to complete synchronization of chaos. Here we present that a coupling time-delay enhances chaos synchronization with small coupling strengths. The numerical simulations with bifurcation diagrams demonstrate the underlying mechanisms.