bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The interbranchial lymphoid tissue of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salarL) extends as a diffuse mucosal lymphoid tissue throughout the trailing edge of the gill filament
Authors: Dalum Alf S. , Austbø Lars , Bjørgen Håvard , Skjødt Karsten , Hordvik Ivar , Hansen Tom , Fjelldal Per G. , Press Charles McL , Griffiths David J. , Koppang Erling O.
Published: August 2015

Cover illustration. The teleost gill forms an extensive, semipermeable barrier that must tolerate intimate contact with the surrounding environment and be able to protect the body from external pathogens. The recent discovery of the interbranchial lymphoid tissue has initiated an anatomical and functional investigation of the lymphoid tissue of the salmonid gill. In this issue of the Journal of Morphology, Dalum et al. (pp. 1075–1088) report about the novel interbranchial lymphoid tissue of Atlantic salmon. The cover image shows the interbranchial lymphoid tissue with its distal distribution in a gill filament presented with immune‐labelled T cells. It represents an evolutionary structure unparalleled by any other known vertebrate lymphoid tissue.
Simple correction improving long‐term reproducibility of HPLC–MS
Authors: Tóth Eszter , Hevér Helga , Ozohanics Olivér , Telekes András , Vékey Károly , Drahos László
Published: August 2015

Chromatographic peak areas in long series of high‐performance liquid chromatography–MS experiments often vary, which decrease reproducibility and may cause bias in the results. It was found that the sensitivity of various components change differently; in our case, variability is in the order of 20–40%, and it is most likely due to changing conditions in electrospray ionization (ESI). The most often used peak area correction methods do not take this effect into account. The change in peak areas can be well described by a polynomial function; we found that a fourth‐order polynomial is most often suitable. We suggest a simple correction algorithm based on polynomial fitting. When the experiments were inherently well reproducible, this correction improved reproducibility from 12% to 3% (on average for various components). When random errors were larger, this improvement was less significant (15% to 12% in nano‐ESI) but nevertheless essential in order to avoid possible bias in the results. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A method for numerical modelling of convection–reaction–diffusion using electrical analogues
Authors: Shafaq Sabawoon , Kennedy Alan , Delauré Yan
Published: August 2015

In this paper, a new method, called the lumped‐component circuit method (LCM), is developed for one‐dimensioal and two‐dimensional convection–reaction–diffusion with low to moderate Peclet numbers, tested for modelling both steady‐state and transient problems, and compared with standard finite volume method (FVM) schemes. The method has been developed principally for solving equations with piecewise‐constant coefficients using nodes that are not positioned to correspond to the coefficient discontinuities. In such situations, the FVM solutions do not converge consistently as the node spacing is decreased, but LCM solutions do. In general, the LCM method is more accurate than the FVM schemes tested, and, while the computational cost of LCM is higher, results suggest that it can be more efficient. Like the transmission line method (TLM), it is an indirect scheme in which the problem to be solved is first represented by an analogous transmission line (TL). Unlike with TLM, however, the TL is then modelled using a lumped‐component circuit, the voltages at nodes within that circuit being calculated. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Overactivation of the nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)–like 2–antioxidant response element pathway in hepatocytes decreases hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice
Authors: Lee Lung‐Yi , Harberg Calvin , Matkowskyj Kristina A. , Cook Shelly , Roenneburg Drew , Werner Sabine , Johnson Jeffrey , Foley David P.
Published: August 2015

Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is a critical component of hepatic surgery. Oxidative stress has long been implicated as a key player in IRI. In this study, we examine the cell‐specific role of the nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)–like 2 (Nrf2)–antioxidant response element pathway in warm hepatic IRI. Nrf2 knockout (KO) and wild‐type (WT) animals and novel transgenic mice expressing a constitutively active nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)–like 2 (caNrf2) mutant in hepatocytes (AlbCre+/caNrf2+) and their littermate controls underwent partial hepatic ischemia or sham surgery. The animals were killed 6 hours after reperfusion, and their serum and tissue were collected for analysis. As compared to WT animals after ischemia/reperfusion (IR), Nrf2 KO mice had increased hepatocellular injury with increased serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, Suzuki score, apoptosis, an increased inflammatory infiltrate, and enhanced inflammatory cytokine expression. On the other hand, AlbCre+/caNrf2+ that underwent IR had significantly reduced serum transaminases, less necrosis on histology, and a less pronounced inflammatory infiltrate and inflammatory cytokine expression as compared to the littermate controls. However, there were no differences in apoptosis. Taken together, Nrf2 plays a critical role in our murine model of warm hepatic IRI, with Nrf2 deficiency exacerbating hepatic IRI and hepatocyte‐specific Nrf2 overactivation providing protection against warm hepatic IRI. Liver Transpl 22:91‐102, 2016. © 2015 AASLD.
NLRB Finds Generic Work Rules to Be Overbroad and Unlawful
Authors: DeMaria Alfred T.
Published: August 2015

In two recent cases, the National Labor Relations Board continues focusing on commonplace work rules, deeming them to be overly broad and unlawful. In one case, the issue was a generic conflict‐of‐interest rule and in the other a rule requiring employee loyalty.
On reduction of control effort in feedback linearization GPC strategy applied to a solar furnace
Authors: Beschi Manuel , Berenguel Manuel , Visioli Antonio , Yebra Luis J.
Published: August 2015

In this paper, the temperature control of a solar furnace is addressed by taking into account physical and safety constraints. In particular, the use of a feedback linearization generalized predictive control strategy is proposed where the fictitious model providing a virtual control signal is suitably selected to reduce the control effort by considering both the reference tracking task and the compensation of disturbances, represented by the variation of the input energy provided by the Sun, mainly because of the solar daily cycle and passing clouds. Simulation and experimental results show the effectiveness of the methodology in comparison with other approaches helping this technology to become an inexpensive alternative option for the material treatment and testing in the industrial context. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correlates of unmet needs and psychological distress in adolescent and young adults who have a parent diagnosed with cancer
Authors: McDonald F. E. J. , Patterson P. , White K. J. , Butow P. N. , Costa D. S. J. , Kerridge I.
Published: August 2015

Objective

Young people who have a parent with cancer experience elevated levels of psychological distress and unmet needs. In this study, we examined the associations between demographics, cancer variables and family functioning and levels of distress and unmet needs amongst young people who have a parent diagnosed with cancer.

Methods

Young people aged 12–24 years with a parent with cancer (n = 255) completed the Offspring Cancer Needs Instrument (unmet needs), the Kessler‐10 (distress) and the Family Relationship Index (family functioning), along with measures of demographics and cancer variables (such as age, sex and time since cancer diagnosis). Variables associated with distress and unmet needs (including unmet need domains) were assessed using multiple linear regression.

Results

Being female and older, having more unmet cancer needs and poorer family functioning were associated with increased distress. Having a father with cancer, a shorter time since diagnosis and poor family functioning were associated with increased unmet needs. Family conflict and expressiveness were particularly important components of family functioning. Having a parent relapse with cancer was also associated with unmet needs in the domains of practical assistance, ‘time out’ and support from other young people who have been through something similar.

Conclusions

Delineating factors associated with increased distress and unmet needs assist in identifying at‐risk young people allowing improved assessment and tailoring of support to improve the psychosocial outcomes of young people impacted by parental cancer. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Airway resistance and allergic sensitization in children with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome
Authors: Zhang Jie , Zhao Jing , Chen Min , Liu Shilin , Zhang Xuexi , Zhang Fengzhen , Zhang Yamei , Chen Hui , Ni Xin
Published: August 2015

Objective

The purpose of this study was to determine the airway resistance in Chinese children with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) by impulse oscilloetry (IOS) and investigate the association of the severity of OSAHS with the airway resistance and allergic sensitization.

Method

A total of 120 children (92 boys) treated for snoring in Beijing Children's Hospital between October 2010 and March 2011 were included in this study. Ninety‐three children were diagnosed with OSAHS and 27 did not show OSAHS. Total airway resistance (R5), proximal airway resistance (R20), and peripheral airway resistance (X5) were determined by IOS. Serum levels of total IgE and allergen‐specific IgE (sIgE) were also determined.

Results

R5 in the OSAHS group was significantly higher than that in the non‐OSAHS group (P = 0.0025), whereas R20 and X5 were similar in the two groups. R5 was positively correlated with apnea hypopnea index and obstructive apnea index and negatively correlated with the lowest arterial oxygen saturation significantly (all P < 0.05). The percentage of children with abnormal serum levels of total IgE or abnormal allergen‐specific IgEs was comparable in OSAHS and non‐OSAHS groups. The proportions of abnormal R5 and of abnormal serum levels of total IgE were significantly higher in children with severe OSAHS compared with children with mild or moderate OSAHS (all P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Total airway resistance was significantly increased in Children with OSAHS. Allergic sensitization might contribute to the exacerbation of existing OSAHS in children. Large scale studies are required to further validate these findings. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:426–430. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of Type‐2 Diabetes Time Since Diagnosis on Elderly Women Gait and Functional Status
Authors: da Cruz Anjos Daniela Maria , de Souza Moreira Bruno , Pereira Daniele Sirineu , Picorelli Alexandra Miranda Assumpção , Pereira Danielle Aparecida Gomes , Kirkwood Renata Noce , Dias Rosângela Corrêa , Pereira Leani Souza Máximo
Published: August 2015

Background and Purpose

The gait, mobility and lower‐limb strength alterations of diabetic elderly women without symptoms of diabetic neuropathy in different periods of the chronic disease can contribute to an early functional diagnosis, allowing prevention of adverse outcomes like falls and disability. This could also contribute to the development of interventions, cures and physiotherapy practice for this population. The aim of this study was to verify the impact of type‐2 diabetes mellitus time since diagnosis on gait and functional status of elderly women.

Methods

Eighty‐two diabetic elderly women without neuropathic symptoms participated and divided in two groups: 1) 49 elderly (71.4 ± 4.8 years) with less than 10 years of type‐2 diabetes mellitus diagnosis, and 2) 33 elderly (70 ± 4.5 years) with 10 or more years of type‐2 diabetes mellitus diagnosis. Outcomes were spatiotemporal gait parameters (speed, cadence, step length, base of support, stance time, swing time, and double support time) assessed through GAITRite® system, and functional status assessed using the Timed Up and Go test and five times sit‐to‐stand test. To compare spatiotemporal gait variables and performance on functional tests between groups, multivariate analysis of variance and Mann–Whitney test were performed, respectively.

Results

The group with 10 or more years of diagnosis showed lower gait speed and smaller step length (112.3 cm/s; 59.2 cm) compared with the group with less than 10 years of diagnosis (122.9 cm/s; 62.4 cm). In relation to Timed Up and Go test and five times sit‐to‐stand test, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups.

Conclusion

Type‐2 diabetes mellitus time since diagnosis has a negative impact on gait speed and step length, but not on functional status of the elderly women. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tumor volume in insignificant prostate cancer: Increasing the threshold is a safe approach to reduce over‐treatment
Authors: Ting Francis , van Leeuwen Pim J. , Delprado Warick , Haynes Anne‐Maree , Brenner Phillip , Stricker Phillip D.
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUND

There are conflicting results in the literature regarding the tumor volume (TV) threshold that defines insignificant prostate cancer (PCa). In this study, we retrospectively evaluate the association of an increasing TV with biochemical recurrence (BCR) following radical prostatectomy (RP) in order to provide further clarification surrounding the TV threshold definition for insignificant PCa.

METHODS

RP patients were recruited from January 2004 to December 2009. Inclusion criteria were localized (stage ≤pT2c, negative surgical margins) Gleason 6 PCa with a total TV of ≤2.50 cm3. BCR was the primary outcome and defined as a PSA of ≥0.1. All cases with BCR were re‐evaluated by the pathologist with reassessment of tumor grade, pathological stage and surgical margin status.

RESULTS

From 1,636 patients, 178 men (10.9%) met all inclusion criteria. Ninety‐six patients (53.9%) had a TV <0.5 cm3 and 82 patients (46.1%) had a TV 0.5–2.5 cm3. Three out of 178 patients (1.7%) presented with BCR during follow‐up. One of these had TV <0.5 cm3 and two had TV 0.5–2.5 cm3. These three cases of BCR underwent re‐review of pathology; one patient was found to have a positive surgical margin and one patient was upgraded to Gleason 3 + 4 = 7. The third patient was re‐reported as having positive margins for a benign hyperplastic nodule (incomplete RP specimen). Subsequently, these three cases were excluded from final analysis as they did not fit inclusion criteria. Median follow‐up duration was 84 months (IQR 70–102 months). On final analysis, there were no patients with BCR, corresponding with a final BCR rate of 0% for both patients with a TV of <0.5 cm3 and 0.5–2.5 cm3.

Conclusions

Our results have shown that, with a median follow‐up of 84 (IQR 70–102) months, patients in our cohort with localized Gleason 6 PCa with a total TV 0.5–2.5 cm3 have a BCR rate of 0%. We would support a more liberal total TV threshold of 2.5 cm3 for the further development of algorithms to identify patients suitable for active surveillance. Prostate 75:1768–1773, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Absorptance enhancement in fs‐laser‐treated CVD diamond
Authors: Calvani Paolo , Bellucci Alessandro , Girolami Marco , Orlando Stefano , Valentini Veronica , Polini Riccardo , Trucchi Daniele M.
Published: August 2015

Surface texturing by fs‐laser pulses has been performed in order to enhance optical absorptance of chemical vapour deposited diamond. The induced surface structures have been studied as a function of treatment dose D. Periodic structure with ripples of 170 nm has been observed for a D = 5.0 kJ cm−2, although not well defined texturing and damaged structures have been obtained for both lower and higher doses. Raman investigations point out negligible changes in crystal bulk for all investigated samples, thus suggesting that physical properties of the crystal were not changed by the treatment. Optical absorptance is strongly enhanced by fs‐laser texturing and it is an increasing function of the treatment dose. The absorptance of solar spectrum saturates up to values larger than 90%. The obtained outstanding enhancement of photon absorption represents a preliminary and promising step for the exploitation of synthetic diamond in future high‐efficient conversion devices for solar concentration based on photon‐enhanced thermionic emission effect.
Strain engineering of the electronic properties of bilayer graphene quantum dots
Authors: Moldovan Dean , Peeters Francois M.
Published: August 2015

magnified image

We study the effect of mechanical deformations on the electronic properties of hexagonal flakes of bilayer graphene. The behavior of electrons induced by triaxial strain can be described by an effective pseudo‐magnetic field which is homogeneous in the center of the flake. We find that in‐plane strain, applied to both layers equally, can break the layer symmetry leading to different behavior in the top and bottom layers of graphene. At low energy, just one of the layers feels the pseudo‐magnetic field: the zero‐energy pseudo‐Landau level is missing in the second layer, thus creating a gap between the lowest non‐zero levels. While the layer asymmetry is most significant at zero energy, interaction with the edges of the flake extends the effect to higher pseudo‐Landau levels. The behavior of the top and bottom layers may be reversed by rotating the triaxial strain by 60°. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Robotic total endoscopic sutureless aortic valve replacement: proof of concept for a future surgical setting
Authors: Vola Marco , Maureira Pablo , Kassir Radwan , Fuzellier Jean‐François , Campisi Salvatore , Doguet Fabien , Albertini Jean‐Noel , Ruggieri Vito Giovanni , Folliguet Thierry
Published: August 2015

Background

Sutureless valves have recently enabled closed chest aortic valve replacement. This paper evaluates the feasibility of a robotic telemanipulation during thoracoscopic sutureless aortic valve implantation in cadavers.

Methods

Cadavers were prepared with a five thoracosopic trocar setting, with a transthoracic clamp inserted in the first right intercostal space and the optics inserted in the second. Seven sutureless valve implantations were scheduled using 5 Sorin Perceval and 2 Medtronic 3f Enable valves.

Results

In all cases performance of pericardial suspension, aortotomy and root exposure required less than 20 min. Native valve excision and sutureless bioprosthesis implantation was technically feasible in all cases. A satisfactory prosthesis sealing was ascertained visually and the absence of paravalvular leakages was assessed with a nerve hook test around the prosthetic flange.

Conclusions

Closed chest and robot assisted sutureless valve implantation is feasible in cadavers. Robotic technology can enhance reproducibility of the technique. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sliding mode learning control of non‐minimum phase nonlinear systems
Authors: Do Manh Tuan , Man Zhihong , Jin Jiong , Zhang Cishen , Zheng Jinchuan , Wang Hai
Published: August 2015

In this paper, a novel robust sliding mode learning control scheme is developed for a class of non‐minimum phase nonlinear systems with uncertain dynamics. It is shown that the proposed sliding mode learning controller, designed based on the most recent information of the stability status of the closed‐loop system, is capable of adjusting the control signal to drive the sliding variable to reach the sliding surface in finite time and remain on it thereafter. The closed‐loop dynamics including both observable and non‐observable ones are then guaranteed to asymptotically converge to zero in the sliding mode. The developed learning control method possesses many appealing features including chattering‐free characteristic, strong robustness with respect to uncertainties. More importantly, the prior information of the bounds of uncertainties is no longer required in designing the controller. Numerical examples are presented in comparison with the conventional sliding mode control and backstepping control approaches to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control methodology. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vocabulary and Sentence Structure in Emergent Spanish Literacy
Authors: Briceño Allison
Published: August 2015

Dual language and bilingual education programs are increasing in number and popularity across the country. However, little information is available on how to teach children to read and write in Spanish. This article explores some of the similarities and differences in vocabulary and sentence structure in Spanish and English and considers the resulting implications for teaching emergent Spanish literacy. Understanding linguistic aspects of both languages enables teachers to better support the development of biliteracy and bilingualism.
Innovation and discovery of graphene‐like materials via density‐functional theory computations
Authors: Tang Qing , Zhou Zhen , Chen Zhongfang
Published: August 2015

Inspired by the intensive studies of graphene, scientists have put extraordinary efforts in exploring properties and phenomena involving noncarbon graphene‐like two‐dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, particularly those only consisting of single layers or few layers. Experimentally, many graphene‐like 2D structures have been fabricated from a large variety of layered and nonlayered materials. These graphene‐like structures have already shown exceptional properties, which will offer new breakthroughs and innovative opportunities in nanomaterials science. Theoretically, density‐functional theory (DFT) computations offer a powerful tool to investigate the electronic structure (principally the ground state) of nanomaterials, to predict their intrinsic properties, assist in characterization, and rationalization of experimental findings, as well as explore their potential applications. By DFT computations, many graphene‐like materials have been explored and designed, and fantastic properties are disclosed. In this review, we present the recent computational progress in discovering the intrinsic structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of several important and representative graphene‐like 2D nanomaterials, as well as identifying their potential applications. The highlighted graphene‐like structures include layered van der Waals (vdW) materials (h‐BN, MoS2, α‐MoO3, and V2O5), graphitic‐like ZnO, MXenes (metal carbides or carbonitrides), the not‐yet‐synthesized B2C, SiC2, BSi3, arsenene and antimonene, and single‐layer coordination polymers ([Cu2Br(IN)2]n (IN = isonicotinato), Fe‐phthalocyanine, and nickel bis(dithiolene)). WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2015, 5:360–379. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1224

This article is categorized under:

Structure and Mechanism > Computational Materials Science
Applying the Multi‐Institutional Study of Leadership Findings to Collegiate Recreation and Athletics
Authors: Nesbitt Gordon M. , Grant Anthony
Published: August 2015

This chapter describes ways to implement key findings of the Multi‐Institutional Study of Leadership in collegiate recreation and athletic programs. Lessons from NCAA and the NIRSA Leadership Commission are also presented.
Opportunities and Challenges for First‐Year Student‐Athletes Transitioning From High School to College
Authors: Gayles Joy Gaston , Baker Ashley R.
Published: August 2015

This chapter discusses the transition from high school to college for student‐athletes. The concepts of athlete identity and leadership development are discussed through the lens of the high school athlete who attends college as a collegiate athlete and those students who are dealing with a loss of their high school athlete identity.
Intercollegiate Athlete as Student Leader
Authors: Weaver Anthony , Simet Kathleen
Published: August 2015

The chapter explores student‐athlete campus engagement and challenges faced by athletes that may impede leadership development. The roles of athletic academic advisors, team coaches, and teammates in leadership development are outlined. Current campus initiatives directly related to intercollegiate athlete leadership development are also shared.
Positive Psychology as a Framework for Leadership Development in Recreation and Sport
Authors: Barnes Amy C. , Larcus James
Published: August 2015

This chapter connects concepts and research from positive psychology and leadership studies to support using a strengths‐based approach to optimize the leadership development of students involved in recreation and athletics.
Adventure Leadership and Experiential Education
Authors: Speelman Elizabeth A. , Wagstaff Mark
Published: August 2015

This chapter provides background in adventure education and its connection to student leadership pedagogy. An adventure program is the ideal experiential learning setting promoting students’ leadership development through direct experience, reflection, and application.
Leadership Assessment in Collegiate Recreation and Athletics
Authors: Hardin Sarah E.
Published: August 2015

This chapter provides the reader with literature and resources for conducting leadership assessment in collegiate recreation and athletics. Current practices and strategies are shared.
Zellweger spectrum disorders: clinical manifestations in patients surviving into adulthood
Authors: Berendse Kevin , Engelen Marc , Ferdinandusse Sacha , Majoie Charles B. L. M. , Waterham Hans R. , Vaz Frédéric M. , Koelman Johannes H. T. M. , Barth Peter G. , Wanders Ronald J. A. , Poll‐The Bwee Tien
Published: August 2015

Introduction

We describe the natural history of patients with a Zellweger spectrum disorder (ZSD) surviving into adulthood.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study in patients with a genetically confirmed ZSD.

Results

All patients (n = 19; aged 16–35 years) had a follow‐up period of 1–24.4 years (mean 16 years). Seven patients had a progressive disease course, while 12 remained clinically stable during follow‐up. Disease progression usually manifests in adolescence as a gait disorder, caused by central and/or peripheral nervous system involvement. Nine were capable of living a partly independent life with supported employment. Systematic MRI review revealed T2 hyperintense white matter abnormalities in the hilus of the dentate nucleus and/or peridentate region in nine out of 16 patients. Biochemical analyses in blood showed abnormal peroxisomal biomarkers in all patients in infancy and childhood, whereas in adolescence/adulthood we observed normalization of some metabolites.

Conclusions

The patients described here represent a distinct subgroup within the ZSDs who survive into adulthood. Most remain stable over many years. Disease progression may occur and is mainly due to cerebral and cerebellar white matter abnormalities, and peripheral neuropathy.
Chemometric Studies on zNose™ and Machine Vision Technologies for Discrimination of Commercial Extra Virgin Olive Oils
Authors: Kadiroğlu Pınar , Korel Figen
Published: August 2015

The aim of this study was to classify Turkish commercial extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) samples according to geographical origins by using surface acoustic wave sensing electronic nose (zNose™) and machine vision system (MVS) analyses in combination with chemometric approaches. EVOO samples obtained from north and south Aegean region were used in the study. The data analyses were performed with principal component analysis class models, partial least squares‐discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). Based on the zNose™ analysis, it was found that EVOO aroma profiles could be discriminated successfully according to geographical origin of the samples with the aid of the PLS‐DA method. Color analysis was conducted as an additional sensory quality parameter that is preferred by the consumers. The results of HCA and PLS‐DA methods demonstrated that color measurement alone was not an effective discriminative factor for classification of EVOO. However, PLS‐DA and HCA methods provided clear differentiation among the EVOO samples in terms of electronic nose and color measurements. This study is significant from the point of evaluating the potential of zNose™ in combination with MVS as a rapid method for the classification of geographically different EVOO produced in industry.
Lipopolysaccharide induction of REDD1 is mediated by two distinct CREB‐dependent mechanisms in macrophages
Authors: Lee Dong-Keon , Kim Ji-Hee , Kim Wan-Sung , Jeoung Dooil , Lee Hansoo , Ha Kwon-Soo , Won Moo-Ho , Kwon Young-Guen , Kim Young-Myeong
Published: August 2015

REDD1 is induced by various cellular stresses; however, its expression in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has not been clearly elucidated in immune cells. LPS stimulated CREB‐dependent and NF‐κB‐independent REDD1 expression in macrophages. Early increases in CREB phosphorylation and REDD1 expression at 8 h following LPS treatment were blocked by inhibition of p38MAPK and mitogen‐ and stress‐activated protein kinase 1 (MSK1), but not PKA. However, delayed CREB‐mediated REDD1 expression at 16 h was suppressed by inhibition of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) and PKA. It indicates that LPS induces REDD1 expression by two distinct CREB‐mediated mechanisms, the early p38MAPK/MSK1 and the delayed COX‐2/PGE2/PKA pathways.
Plural Society and the Colonial State: English Law and the Making of Crown Colony Government in the Straits Settlements
Authors: LEE Jack Jin Gary
Published: August 2015

In this article, I explain the establishment of Crown Colony government within the racially diverse colonies of the British Empire through an examination of the reconstitution of the Straits Settlements as a Crown Colony in 1867. My central argument is that the reconstitution of the Straits Settlements as a Crown Colony rested on colonial officials and subjects’ shared understandings of the fragmented and unstable character of racially diverse societies. Such understandings were analogous to J.S. Furnivall’s concept of “plural society” and were generated by the negative images of “native” populations and the precarity of colonial rule. Despite the reception of the common law and its institutions in the colony, these beliefs ultimately justified colonial officials’ repudiation of liberal principles of government and law despite intransigent protests by a minority of officials and subjects. In the Crown Colony of the Straits Settlements, this meant the institutionalization of a constitutional framework and laws that granted the Governor authoritarian powers over the legislature, judiciary, and society to maintain the social order.
The Role of Emergency Medical Services in Geriatrics: Bridging the Gap between Primary and Acute Care
Authors: Goldstein Judah , McVey Jennifer , Ackroyd-Stolarz Stacy
Published: August 2015

Caring for older adults is a major function of emergency medical services (EMS). Traditional EMS systems were designed to treat single acute conditions; this approach contrasts with best practices for the care of frail older adults. Care might be improved by the early identification of those who are frail and at highest risk for adverse outcomes. Paramedics are well positioned to play an important role via a more thorough evaluation of frailty (or vulnerability). These findings may inform both pre-hospital and subsequent emergency department (ED) based decisions. Innovative programs involving EMS, the ED, and primary care could reduce the workload on EDs while improving patient access to care, and ultimately patient outcomes. Some frail older adults will benefit from the resources and specialized knowledge provided by the ED, while others may be better helped in alternative ways, usually in coordination with primary care. Discerning between these groups is a challenge worthy of further inquiry. In either case, care should be timely, with a focus on identifying emergent or acute care needs, frailty evaluation, mobility assessments, identifying appropriate goals for treatment, promoting functional independence, and striving to have the patient return to their usual place of residence if this can be done safely. Paramedics are uniquely positioned to play a larger role in the care of our aging population. Improving paramedic education as it pertains to geriatrics is a critical next step.
Continuum modelling and simulation of granular flows through their many phases
Authors: Dunatunga Sachith , Kamrin Ken
Published: August 2015

We propose and numerically implement a constitutive framework for granular media that allows the material to traverse through its many common phases during the flow process. When dense, the material is treated as a pressure-sensitive elasto-viscoplastic solid obeying a yield criterion and a plastic flow rule given by the ${\it\mu}(I)$ inertial rheology of granular materials. When the free volume exceeds a critical level, the material is deemed to separate and is treated as disconnected, stress-free media. A material point method (MPM) procedure is written for the simulation of this model and many demonstrations are provided in different geometries, which highlight the ability of the numerical model to handle transitions through dense and disconnected states. By using the MPM framework, extremely large strains and nonlinear deformations, which are common in granular flows, are representable. The method is verified numerically and its physical predictions are validated against many known experimental phenomena, such as Beverloo’s scaling in silo flows, jointed power-law scaling of the run-out distance in granular-column-collapse problems, and various known behaviours in inclined chute flows.
Drag force on a liquid domain moving inside a membrane sheet surrounded by aqueous medium
Authors: Laxminarsimha Rao V. , Das Sovan Lal
Published: August 2015

We compute the drag on a circular and liquid microdomain diffusing in a two-dimensional fluid lipid bilayer membrane surrounded by a fluid above and below. Under the assumptions that the liquids are incompressible and the flow is of low Reynolds number, Stokes’ equations describe the flow in the two-dimensional membrane as well as in the surrounding three-dimensional fluid. The expression for the drag force on the liquid domain involves Fredholm integral equations of the second kind, which we numerically solve using discrete collocation method based on Chebyshev polynomials. We observe that when the domain is more viscous than the surrounding membrane (including the rigid domain case), the drag force is almost independent of the viscosity contrast between the domain and the surrounding membrane, as also observed earlier in experiments by other researchers. The mobility also varies logarithmically with Boussinesq number${\it\beta}$for large${\it\beta}$. On the other hand, for a less viscous domain the dimensionless drag force reduces with increasing viscosity contrast, and a significant change in the drag force, from that when there is no viscosity contrast or when the domain is rigid, has been observed. Further, the logarithmic behaviour of the mobility no longer holds for less viscous domains. Our method of computing the drag force and diffusion coefficient is valid for arbitrary viscosity contrast between the domain and membrane and any domain size (subject to${\it\beta}\geqslant 5$).
Plane shock waves and Haff’s law in a granular gas
Authors: Reddy M. H. Lakshminarayana , Alam Meheboob
Published: August 2015

The Riemann problem of planar shock waves is analysed for a dilute granular gas by solving Euler- and Navier–Stokes-order equations numerically. The density and temperature profiles are found to be asymmetric, with the maxima of both density and temperature occurring within the shock layer. The density peak increases with increasing Mach number and inelasticity, and is found to propagate at a steady speed at late times. The granular temperature at the upstream end of the shock decays according to Haff’s law (${\it\theta}(t)\sim t^{-2}$), but the downstream temperature decays faster than its upstream counterpart. Haff’s law seems to hold inside the shock up to a certain time for weak shocks, but deviations occur for strong shocks. The time at which the maximum temperature deviates from Haff’s law follows a power-law scaling with the upstream Mach number and the restitution coefficient. The origin of the continual build-up of density with time is discussed, and it is shown that the granular energy equation must be ‘regularized’ to arrest the maximum density.
Plasma n-3 fatty acids and clinical outcomes in recent-onset rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Proudman Susanna M. , Cleland Leslie G. , Metcalf Robert G. , Sullivan Thomas R. , Spargo Llewellyn D. , James Michael J.
Published: August 2015

A randomised controlled trial (RCT) of high-dose v. low-dose fish oil in recent-onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA) demonstrated that the group allocated to high-dose fish oil had increased remission and decreased failure of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy. This study examines the relationships between plasma phospholipid levels of the n-3 fatty acids in fish oil, EPA and DHA, and remission and DMARD use in recent-onset RA. EPA and DHA were measured in blood samples from both groups of the RCT. The data were analysed as a single cohort, and Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine relationships between plasma phospholipid (PL) EPA and DHA and various outcome measures. When analysed as a single cohort, plasma PL EPA was related to time to remission, with a one unit increase in EPA (1 % total fatty acids) associated with a 12 % increase in the probability of remission at any time during the study period (hazard ratio (HR)=1·12; 95 % CI 1·02, 1·23; P=0·02). Adjustment for smoking, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies and ‘shared epitope’ HLA-DR allele status did not change the HR. Plasma PL EPA, adjusted for the same variables, was negatively related to time to DMARD failure (HR=0·85; 95 % CI 0·72, 0·99; P=0·047). The HR for DHA and time to remission or DMARD failure were similar in magnitude to those for EPA, but not statistically significant. Biomarkers of n-3 status, such as plasma PL EPA, have the potential to predict clinical outcomes relevant to standard drug treatment of RA patients.
Associations between dietary intakes of first-time fathers and their 20-month-old children are moderated by fathers’ BMI, education and age
Authors: Walsh Adam D. , Cameron Adrian J. , Hesketh Kylie D. , Crawford David , Campbell Karen J.
Published: August 2015

Children’s learning about food is considerable during their formative years, with parental influence being pivotal. Research has focused predominantly on maternal influences, with little known about the relationships between fathers’ and children’s diets. Greater understanding of this relationship is necessary for the design of appropriate interventions. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between the diets of fathers and their children and the moderating effects of fathers’ BMI, education and age on these associations. The diets of fathers and their first-born children (n317) in the Melbourne Infant Feeding Activity and Nutrition Trial (InFANT) Program were assessed using an FFQ and 3×24-h recalls, respectively. The InFANT Program is a cluster-randomised controlled trial in the setting of first-time parents groups in Victoria, Australia. Associations between father and child fruit, vegetable, non-core food and non-core drink intakes were assessed using linear regression. The extent to which these associations were mediated by maternal intake was tested. Moderation of associations by paternal BMI, education and age was assessed. Positive associations were found between fathers’ and children’s intake of fruit, sweet snacks and take-away foods. Paternal BMI, education and age moderated the relationships found for the intakes of fruit (BMI), vegetables (age), savoury snacks (BMI and education) and take-away foods (BMI and education). Our findings suggest that associations exist at a young age and are moderated by paternal BMI, education and age. This study highlights the importance of fathers in modelling healthy diets for their children.
A STICHOMETRIC ALLUSION TO CATULLUS 64 IN THE CULEX: AN ADDENDUM
Authors: Lowe Dunstan
Published: August 2015

I am grateful to Edward Courtney for observing that the stichometric correspondence between the Culex and Catullus 64 is close but not exact, since Culex 132–3 really echoes not 132–3 but 133–4. The conventional line-numbering of Catullus 64 conceals the half-line 23b, progenies saluete iter …, which is invisibly missing from the manuscripts but was salvaged by Francesco Orioli from the Scholia Veronensia on Verg. Aen. 5.80 and is universally accepted. Emendations vary, but all assume a haplographic error caused by an instance of the patterned repetition so typical of Catullus (which indeed is what the Culex author is imitating at 132-3). Consequently, the perfide … perfide correspondence becomes a partial and not complete overlap, belonging together with many of Knauer's Virgilian examples in the category of ‘near misses’.
Predictive factors for post-operative drainage after partial superficial parotidectomy: a case-control study
Authors: Chen W-C , Chuang H-C , Su Y-Y , Chien C-Y
Published: August 2015

Objectives:

This study aimed to identify the pattern of post-operative drainage following partial superficial parotidectomy with and without the use of a bipolar vessel-sealing device.

Methods:

Of the 49 patients undergoing parotidectomies, a bipolar vessel-sealing device was used for 20. Predictive factors included in the analysis were age, sex, body weight, operating time, tumour pathology, and diabetes mellitus, hypertension and smoking status.

Results:

In multivariate analyses, body weight (p = 0.026) and non-use of a bipolar vessel-sealing device (p = 0.009) were significantly associated with increased post-operative drainage after 24 hours. There was also a trend towards increased drainage in diabetic patients. Operating times were significantly shorter in the bipolar vessel-sealing device group.

Conclusion:

Although 24-hour drainage appears adequate for most patients, in obese and diabetic individuals there is a risk of requiring increased drainage. Therefore, the drain should be left in place for a longer period. The bipolar vessel-sealing device is safe and time-efficient, and decreases the post-operative drainage period.
Outcome evaluation of clarithromycin, metronidazole and lansoprazole regimens in Helicobacter pylori positive or negative children with resistant otitis media with effusion
Authors: Mel-Hennawi D , Ahmed M R
Published: August 2015

Objective:

To compare the efficacy of two treatment regimens among Helicobacter pylori stool antigen positive children suffering from resistant otitis media with effusion.

Methods:

The study comprised 258 children with bilateral otitis media with effusion; 134 were positive for H pylori stool antigen, and were equally and randomly allocated to the control group or study group. The control group received standard otitis media with effusion therapy (amoxicillin and clavulanate), while the study group received standard H pylori triple therapy (clarithromycin, metronidazole and lansoprazole).

Results:

In the control group, there was a marked clinical response to treatment in 33 of the 67 children (49.3 per cent). In the study group, there was a marked response in a significantly higher number of children (46 out of 67, 68.7 per cent). The 124 H pylori stool antigen negative children not included in the 2 aforementioned groups received amoxicillin and clavulanate, and a marked response in symptoms was evident in 98 of these children (79 per cent).

Conclusion:

H pylori infection may lead to resistance to traditional otitis media with effusion treatment in some cases. H pylori eradication is associated with a high cure rate.
Effects of parallel sound wave damping and drift kinetic damping on the resistive wall mode stability with various plasma rotation profiles
Authors: Liu Chao , Liu Yue
Published: August 2015

The effect of a parallel viscous force induced damping and the magnetic precessional drift resonance induced damping on the stability of the resistive wall mode (RWM) is numerically investigated for one of the advanced steady-state scenarios in international thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER). The key element of the investigation is to study how different plasma rotation profiles affect the stability prediction. The single-fluid, toroidal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) code MARS-F (Liu et al., Phys. Plasmas, vol. 7, 2000, p. 3681) and the MHD–kinetic hybrid code MARS-K (Liu et al., Phys. Plasmas, vol. 15, 2008, 112503) are used for this purpose. Three extreme rotation profiles are considered: (a) a uniform profile with no shear, (b) a profile with negative flow shear at the $q=2$ rational surface ($q$ is the equilibrium safety factor), and (c) a profile with positive shear at $q=2$. The parallel viscous force is found to be effective for the mode stabilization at high plasma flow speed (about a few percent of the Alfven speed) for the no shear flow profile and the negative shear flow profile, but the stable domain does not appear with the positive shear flow profile. The predicted eigenmode structure is different with different rotation profiles. With a self-consistent inclusion of the magnetic precession drift resonance of thermal particles in MARS-K computations, a lower critical flow speed, i.e. the minimum speed needed for full suppression of the mode, is obtained. Likewise the eigenmode structure is also modified by different rotation profiles in the kinetic results.
Nonlinear physics and energetic particle transport features of the beam–plasma instability
Authors: Carlevaro Nakia , Falessi Matteo V. , Montani Giovanni , Zonca Fulvio
Published: August 2015

In this paper we study transport features of a one-dimensional beam–plasma system in the presence of multiple resonances. As a model description of the general problem of a warm energetic particle beam, we assume $n$ cold supra-thermal beams and investigate the self-consistent evolution in the presence of the complete spectrum of nearly degenerate Langmuir modes. A qualitative transport estimation is obtained by computing the Lagrangian Coherent Structures of the system on given temporal scales. This leads to the splitting of the phase space into regions where the local transport processes are relatively faster. The general theoretical framework is applied to the case of the nonlinear dynamics of two cold beams, for which numerical simulation results are illustrated and analysed.
Expression and characterization of a phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase gene inSchistosoma japonicum
Authors: ZHANG YING , HE YUAN , HE LI , ZONG HONGYING , CAI GUOBIN
Published: August 2015

Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx, GPx4) is a major antioxidant enzyme, which plays unique roles in the protection of cells against oxidative stress by catalysing reduction of lipid hydroperoxides. We isolated and characterized a full-length cDNA sequence encodingGPxgene from a blood fluke,Schistosoma japonicum(designatedSjGPx), which contained an in-frame TGA codon for selenocysteine (Sec) and a concurrent Sec insertion sequence in its 3′-untranslated region. Protein encoded bySjGPxdemonstrated a primary structure characteristic to the PHGPx family, including preservation of catalytic domains and absence of the subunit interaction domains. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR and Western blotting showed that the SjGPx was mainly expressed in the female adults and eggs. RNA interference approach was employed to investigate the effects of knockdown ofSjGPx. SjGPx expression level was significantly reduced on the 5th day post-RNAi. Significantly reduction in GPx enzyme activities, as well as obvious changes in morphology of intrauterine eggs followed the reduction inSjGPxtranscript level. We observed a 63·04% reduction in GPx activity and the eggs severely deformed. Our results revealed that SjGPx protein might be involved in the provision of enzyme activity during egg production.