bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dyslipidemias among workers in the Arctic zone of Russia
Authors: Rakhmanov Rofail S. , Narutdinov Denis A. , Bogomolova Elena S. , Razgulin Sergey A. , Potekhina Natalya N.
Published: March 2024

Introduction. Secondary hyperlipidemia plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in cardiovascular diseases. Goal is to evaluate the blood lipid spectrum in working men in the Arctic zone of Russia to prevent the risk of developing cardiovascular complications. Materials and methods. We determined the blood lipid spectrum (triglycerides (TGL), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoproteins (LDL-C), and high-density lipoproteins (HDL-C), the type of dyslipidemia in two groups of men working in the Arctic (n=51) and the Subarctic (n=54) for 7.1±0.2 years and 6.4±0.6 years (p=0.45) with different working, living, and rest conditions. Results. TC in both groups was in the “borderline high” zone, and Q75 was in the “high” zone, HDL-C in Q75 was above the reference limit, Q25 in the first group was in the “borderline high” zone, in the second TC and HDL-C were normal. TGL parameters: in the first group Q75 is above normal, in the second group it is normal; LDL-C, respectively, in the range of the upper zone “norm” – the lower zone “high”, as well as normal. Lipid metabolism disorders were detected in 98 and 83.9% of men working in various climatic zones of the Arctic zone. Hypercholesterolemia and mixed dyslipidemia in the Arctic were found in 43.1% of those examined, respectively, and in the Subarctic – in 38.7 and 16.2%. An increase in HDL cholesterol was detected in 62.7% of those examined in the Arctic and in 29% of those examined in the Subarctic, respectively. The proportion of people with low HDL-C in the Arctic is 3.6 times less, with high THL – 8.1 times less (2% versus 16.1%), which determines the prevalence of the risk of developing cardiovascular complications in the Subarctic. Limitations. Men of physical and mental labour in the Arctic in an organized team, mental labour in the Subarctic in an urban environment. Conclusion. The results update the assessment of dyslipidemia in the Arctic zone of Russia, which will allow developing preventive measures to preserve the health of people working in extremely cold climates.
Functional states in shift personnel at an oil exploration enterprise in the southeast of the Russian Federation
Authors: Korneeva Yana A. , Simonova Natalya N. , Korneeva Anastasiya V. , Dobrynina Marina A.
Published: March 2024

Introduction. Work in oil and gas exploration is intense, carried out on a shift (fly-in-fly-out) basis in the open air with alternating day and night shifts.
The analysis of the studies revealed the lack of information regarding the trend in the functional states of workers with different shift modes.
Materials and methods. The study involved fifty eight shift workers at an oil exploration enterprise in the southeast of the Russian Federation with a 30 days shift period.
The study aim was to identify and describe the features of the trend in functional states in shift personnel at an oil exploration enterprise in the southeast of the Russian Federation with various work and rest regimes. To solve the tasks set, daily the functional states’ monitoring in morning and evening by workers was carried out using objective hardware (VCM, CVMR) and subjective (WAM, M. Luscher test) methods. Statistical methods are multivariate analysis of variance and descriptive statistics.
Results. The features of trend in objective and subjective parameters of the functional states in the shift personnel at an oil exploration enterprise in the southeast of the Russian Federation with various work and rest regimes are revealed: 30D, 15D / 15N and 15N / 15D. It has been established that the personnel at an oil exploration enterprise with a work regime of 15D/15N is characterized by a greater severity of unfavourable functional states by the end of the shift period.
Limitations. The study limitations are the small sample size, which is due to the study being carried out at one site with the inclusion of the maximum number of workers located at the facility during the expedition. Workers with work regimes 15D/15N and 15N/15D differed in functional duties from the group of employees with work regime 30D.
Conclusion. The results and conclusions obtained make it possible to expand knowledge about the changes in the workers’ states at oil and gas producing enterprises with different shift regimes during the shift period and develop practical recommendations for their optimization.
Assessment of the state of actual nutrition in the population of the Russian Federation
Authors: Kuzmin Sergey V. , Rusakov Vladimir N. , Setko Andrey G.
Published: March 2024

Introduction. There was conducted the study of the actual nutrition in the population of the Russian Federation in 2017–2021, including a study of its trend and compliance with recommended rational standards.
Materials and methods. The study used information from the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) on consumption in population of the Russian Federation of the main food groups in households in 2017–2021. The annual representative sample was forty seven thousand eight hundred households. A method used to analyze time series of consumption of basic food products and a comparison of actual nutrition with recommended rational standards was carried out for the whole country, Federal districts, and constituent entities of the Federation.
Results. In the Russian Federation in 2021, compared to 2017, consumption of most major food groups decreased. Consumption of meat and meat products increased by 6.8%, eggs by 1.3%. Consumption of fish and fish products remained at the same level. The analysis shows a decline in the consumption of bread and bakery products in all federal districts, with the exception of the Far East (an increase of 1.6%); potatoes, vegetable oil, with the exception of the Far East (an increase of 0.8%). At the same time, there is an increase in the consumption of meat and meat products in all federal districts, with the exception of the Far Eastern (decrease by 13.6%). For other product groups, consumption variations were noted.
Below the recommended rational norms, the Russian population consumes fish and fish products, potatoes, bread, and bakery products, milk and dairy products, vegetables, fruits and berries, eggs, and vegetable oil. At the same time, excessive consumption of sugar (3.8 times higher than the norm), meat and meat products (27% higher than the norm) were noted.
In the Federal Districts, consumption of most major food groups is below the recommended rational standards. In all federal districts, consumption of meat and meat products, sugar and confectionery products has increased.
Significant differences have been established in the compliance of consumption levels with recommended rational standards by the population of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 2021. In most regions of the Russian Federation, high consumption of meat and meat products by the population is noted.
All regions of the Federation have high consumption of sugar and confectionery products.
Limitations. This study is limited by the size of the representative sample, which was 47.8 thousand households.
Conclusion. The consequence of an irrational nutrition structure is a violation of the nutritional status, which is expressed in an increase in the prevalence among the population in recent years of such alimentary-dependent pathologies as obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and a number of others.
Working conditions and health status of school workers (literature review)
Authors: Stepanov Evgeniy G. , Kaibyshev Vadim T. , Masyagutova Lyayla M. , Sadrtdinova Guzyal R.
Published: March 2024

In recent years, the range of publications concerning the high likelihood of teachers developing syndromes of professional burnout and professional destruction has been increasingly expanding. This trend is almost equally characteristic of most countries over the world: from Great Britain, Germany, and Scandinavia in Europe to China, Japan in Asia and Nigeria in Africa, and, over the last decade, in Russia. In other words, the problem under consideration is global in nature and depends little on the level of economic development of the country and its ethno-geographical characteristics.
Purpose of work. Study foreign and domestic scientific literature directly related to the problems of creating working conditions and their impact on the health in education workers.
The presented review is based on the publications of a number of domestic and foreign studies. The literature search was carried out using the databases Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, RSCI. A total of forty two publications were analyzed for the period from 2001 to 2022.
A systematic analysis of the world scientific literature was conducted on the management of events aimed at assessing the working conditions and health in teachers. The study examined various aspects related to the provision of medical care to education workers.
After evaluating the results of the study, it became clear that there is some discrepancy between reports in the field of psychology and hygiene. In the first group of works devoted to the psychological aspect, insufficient attention is paid to the study of working conditions and their impact on the health of teachers, despite the widespread prevalence of professional burnout syndrome among the teaching community. At the same time, in the second group of studies devoted to hygienic aspects, the role of psychosocial factors influencing the health of teachers is not sufficiently addressed.
Conclusion. In general, the analysis of the characteristics of working conditions and health of pedagogical workers allows concluding this topic to be relevant and in demand in the scientific world. It also highlights the need for further research and development in this area to improve diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of related diseases.
Bioethics and toxicological-hygienic research
Authors: Revazova Yulia A. , Zhukova Valentina V. , Ilyushina Nataliya A.
Published: March 2024

There are presented and discussed documents regulating the ethical component of working with experimental animals and humans when examining public health, including documents regulating the use of genomic samples in clinical trials of drugs and the study of other factors in the human environment.
Motivation attitudes of managers and ordinary employees of anti-tuberculosis organizations
Authors: Kukurika Anastasiia V. , Iurovskaia Ekaterina I.
Published: March 2024

The purpose of the study was to identify differences in the level of general professional satisfaction and motivational preferences of the managers and ordinary personnel of tuberculosis institutions.
Materials and methods. An anonymous sociological survey of 75 employees of medical institutions of phthisiatric profile using the developed questionnaire was conducted. The level of satisfaction with occupational activity and motivational attitudes of medical workers was studied, and recommendations for improving the complex system of motivation of medical personnel were developed.
Results. Managers are more likely to be dissatisfied with the key incentives compared to doctors. The priorities for doctors are loyalty to occupational duty, financial well-being and stability, for managers — self-realization, professional growth and social status. For doctors, the main motives are material, managers believe labour efficiency to increase due to developing a system of individual incentive payments and maintaining interpersonal relationships in the team. Conflict situations with a manager occur due to the imposition of additional responsibilities according to ordinary employees, to the managers’ opinion — their failure. The degree of employee satisfaction with work can be characterized as high, which is confirmed by the desire of a large number of employees to continue working in their previous position.
Limitations: truthfulness, hasty and rash answers, distortion of results due to socio-psychological influence, small number of respondents, belonging to a narrow sphere of activity.
Conclusion. When developing a motivation system for employees of anti-tuberculosis institutions, it is necessary to agree on satisfaction with working conditions of all occupational categories, improve incentive methods while maintaining existing favourable factors, create an individual incentive system based on investments in human resources, manage the motivational environment taking into account group affiliation, individual characteristics, preferences and personal qualities of employees, as well as assessment of employee satisfaction with innovations through regular questionnaires, sociological surveys
Social activity in older people with visual impairment
Authors: Agarkov Nikolay M. , Lev Inna V. , Osmanov Ruslan E.
Published: March 2024

Introduction. A potential factor that significantly reduces the social activity of older people is visual impairment due to various diseases. Visual impairment caused by cataract and diabetic retinopathy changes the social activity of people with the above-mentioned pathology, but it is extremely rarely analyzed by specialists and researchers, which does not allow identifying the limitations of patients in the social sphere and providing targeted medical and social care.
The purpose of the study is to study social activity in older patients with diabetic retinopathy and cataract.
Materials and methods. According to a special questionnaire, one hundred fifteen 60–74 years patients suffered from cataract and diabetic retinopathy and 60–74 years 102 people without ophthalmic diseases were surveyed based on the S.N. Fedorov National medical research center «MNTK Eye Microsurgery», Tambov.
Results. The average score of social activity in patients with cataract and diabetic retinopathy is statistically was found to be significantly lower, amounting to 3.10 ± 0.08 points versus 5.38 ± 0.09 points in people without ophthalmopathology. The main reasons that reduce social activity in patients with visual impairment are problems with making various purchases and using public or private transport. Factor analysis confirmed the contribution of these causes to the decline in social activity to be the highest and amounts to 0.876 and 0.708, respectively.
Limitations. The study was carried out just in one territory, which makes it difficult to extrapolate data to other regions.
Conclusion. It is recommended to increase social assistance to patients with cataract and diabetic retinopathy in solving problems of using transport and buying various goods.
Limitations of the study. The study was carried out in one territory, which makes it difficult to extrapolate data to other regions.
Estimation of the morbidity of persons of an organized collective in the Subarctic belt
Authors: Narutdinov Denis A. , Rakhmanov Rofail S. , Bogomolova Elena S. , Badeeva Tatyana V.
Published: March 2024

Introduction. Weather, climatic conditions, and technogenic pollution of the habitat can determine the characteristics of the response of the organism of various groups of the population.
Purpose — assessment of the morbidity of persons of an organized team in conditions of ecological trouble in the Subarctic climatic zone.
Materials and methods. The object of observation is the prevalence (including primary incidence) according to ICD-10 for 2016–2021 among military personnel serving under contract in Norilsk (n = 200). The observed male cohort was a newcomer population, engaged in mental work; the share of persons with work experience in the specialty in this climatic zone of 3–10 years was 80.0%. We compared the incidence rates of the observed group and the adult population of Norilsk. Assessed working conditions according to the intensity of the labour process.
Results. The working conditions are harmful, the class of working conditions is 3.3. In the subarctic zone, under anthropogenic load, the prevalence of diseases and primary morbidity in people of mental labour are 1.7 times and 24.0% higher than in the adult population of Norilsk; in the 6 leading classes (with the exception of injuries), the primary incidence exceeded that in the adult population of the Krasnoyarsk Territory by 1.9–10.8 times. In the long-term trend, the prevalence and incidence increased with absolute values, respectively, by 63.8‰ and 57.5‰, deviations from the base value of 1.7% and 6.1% per year.
Research limitation. Male persons from among the alien population engaged in mental work in an organized team in a dysfunctional environment.
Conclusion. To prevent the morbidity of the population in adverse living conditions, it is necessary not only to assess the weather and environmental troubles to develop preventive measures to reduce the anthropogenic load, prevent cold risk, but also to analyze the incidence in the management of labor in a particular production.
Experience in managing the process of continuing medical education of medical workers in public health and health care
Authors: Buslaeva Galina N. , Polunin Valery S. , Opryshchenko Sergey A.
Published: March 2024

Introduction. The problem of continuous professional development of medical specialists with higher and secondary medical education is especially relevant at the present stage, when medical knowledge, technologies, and drugs are being improved every day.
Purpose. Analysis of the forms of conducting cycles of continuous medical education in the field of health care management and public health at the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation for the development of the most popular and perfect form of its implementation.
Materials and methods. An analysis of the main directions of the mnagement of the process of continuous medical education of medical workers in general and in public health and health care in the Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education of the Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.
Results. Since 1977 a continuous medical education was started in the USSR. A course for advanced training of doctors in social hygiene was opened at the Department of Social Hygiene and Health Organization of the 2nd Medical Institute. Within the framework of the specialty “Organization of Health Care and Public Health”, the department conducted cycles of professional retraining (PP-504 hours), advanced training: 144 hours (PC-144), 72 hours and 36 hours. Continuing medical education is aimed at obtaining the competencies necessary to perform a new type of professional activity. The plans for further improvement of continuing medical education by the department provide for the renewal of work programs, the creation of distance and new relevant cycles.
Limitations of the study. An analysis of professional retraining cycles of students of various durations for the acquisition of new qualifications, qualitative expansion of the field of knowledge, skills and abilities in the period 2017–2022 was carried out.
Conclusion. The presented data indicate the expediency of managing advanced training within the framework of the specialty “Organization of Health Care and Public Health” using short cycles of advanced training of full-time and distant forms of training of students.
Phraseological units of the semantic field “Organs of the human body” in Persian and ways of their translation into Russian
Authors: Moradi Maryam
Published: March 2024

The article considers the semantic field “Organs of the human body” and presents a comparative analysis of some important somatic phraseological units of the Persian and Russian languages. Semantic, syntactic and morphological features of the components in each phraseological unit are studied, the similarities and differences between the correlates in Russian and Persian are established. Among the methods used are the semantic and descriptive methods for the identification and description of the phraseological units, comparison and contrast. It was found that in most cases the phraseological units lack precise equivalents and lend themselves to descriptive translation — 7 cases. Translation by analogy (“functional analogues”) is constituted by 7 cases, 8 cases reveal partial equivalence. 2 more examples are an example of synonymous translation in combination with deidiomatization and an example of translation by the equivalent. The results of the work done can be applied in classes of Russian lexicology in order to familiarize Iranian students studying Russian as a foreign language with different methods of translating phraseological units.
Emphatic style of paragraphemics and syntactic partition (on the material of fiction)
Authors: Gubina Elena A.
Published: March 2024

The emphatic style of paragraphemics (active non-normative use of font variation and planar text organization) and syntactic partition (breaking or weakening of syntactic links in a sentence) are complex text properties that increase its discreteness in terms of visual organization and syntactic structure, respectively. The autonomy of these two integral properties of the text is due to the fact that their implementation belongs to different aspects of the text. Emphatic style and syntactic partition, when combined within a single text, can strengthen and reinforce each other, which is reflected in the coordination of syntactic structure, graphics (punctuation) and paragraphemics (emphasis, indentation). They are also able to form two relatively independent layers of text organization, which, nevertheless, equally contribute to the fragmentation of the text and increase its discreteness.
Motivation discourse axiological pragmatics in American coaches’ speeches
Authors: Gaevskaya Maria A. , Moshnyaga Elena V. , Chikhacheva Daria V.
Published: March 2024

The article studies values representation peculiarities in American coaches’ motivation discourse. The research focuses on analyzing their speech tactics choices to gain the audience’s trust and indoctrinate them with necessary information. Through compiling and studying the corpus of examples the research results in specifying the notion of motivation discourse, detecting the core values of the American society and the ways to exploit them to manipulate the audience.
MODEL OF SOCIAL PROTECTION OF CHILDREN OF THE NEW KEBAYORAN BRANCH CHILDHOOD
Authors: Mukhlish Mukhlish Muhammad Maududi
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran model perlindungan sosial bagi Anak yang dilakukan Pimpinan Cabang Muhammadiyah Kebayoran Baru, data diambil melalui observasi dan wawancara dengan pengurus PCM Kebayoran Baru, dilengkapi dengan dokumen sebagai data sekunder, Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Deskriptif . Hasil penelitian menggambarkan  Anak sangat rentang menjadi korban kejahatan, Negara, masyarakat, Organisasi Kemasyarakatan memiliki peran masing-masing dalam melakukan Perlindungan Anak. Selain dalam bidang Pendidikan, Muhammadiyah juga mempunyai fungsi pelayanan Sosial dalam meningkatkan kualitas hidup Masyarakat berbasis praksis al-Maun, dengan sinergi antara Majelis Pendidikan Dasar Menengah, dengan Amal Usaha Sekolah-sekolah SD, SMP dan SMA. Amal Usaha LAZIS-MU Kebayoran Baru dan Majelis Hukum dan HAM memberikan perlindungan sosial bagi anak.
Flexicurity in the EU28 Countries: A Multiyear Composite Indicator Proposal
Authors: Ferent-Pipas Marina
Published: March 2024

This study computes a flexicurity index for the EU28 countries for 2001-2019 following the European Commission’s four components of flexicurity model. The index allows the ex-post assessment of flexicurity efforts and efficiency. Following the computation of the index, we compare its values against the theoretical flexicurity typologies and against other empirical flexicurity groupings to assess their (dis)similarities. Even though Northern and Western countries generally have higher flexicurity scores than Southern and Eastern states, the study shows some countries deviate from their theoretical performance. Thus, some of the Continental and Mediterranean countries have flexicurity values like those of the Nordic group. Moreover, the flexicurity regimes are not static as the theoretical typology suggests: while Denmark and France are always in the top performers’ group, other countries change their performance throughout the 2001-2019 period. The flexicurity index correlates highly with empirical country groupings in the literature. The highest correlation is with country groupings using the European Commission’s four components of flexicurity model, followed by the Golden Danish Triangle, and lastly, the Wilthagen and Tros’ flexicurity matrix. In the end, we compare EU countries’ performance in the flexicurity index scores with their performance in selected employment and unemployment rates, labor productivity, and poverty rates. Results suggest that higher flexicurity performance correlates generally with better labor market and social outcomes, the highest correlations being in the case of labor productivity rates.
Exchange Rate Changes and Trade Flows in East Asia
Authors: Andohol Jerome Terhemba , Ijirshar Victor Ushahemba , Ogunjemilua Oluwafemi David , Gbaka Solomon
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the impact of exchange rate changes on trade flows among East Asian countries spanning 1990–2021, using pooled mean group estimator, within the framework of panel data analysis. Findings indicate that world income, trade openness, and the real effective exchange rate strongly affect trade balance, and that the real depreciation of exchange rate exerts strong positive benefits on trade flows in the long run. The study also infers that trade openness and real effective exchange rate had strong influence on exports and imports for Hong Kong, Japan, and South Korea in the short run. However, the depreciation of their currencies discouraged imports in the long run. More so, world income strongly affects the exports and imports of Hong Kong and Japan, while trade openness is advantageous for all the countries. The study recommends the continuation of the prevailing trade-growth pattern, and the existing bilateral pegged exchange rate policy with their trading partners.
Upaya dalam Peningkatan Kompetensi Pendidik: Studi pada Dayah Darul Huda Lueng Angen Kabupaten Aceh Utara
Authors: Puspitasari Maya , Prayogi Eko , Hasibuan Nurainun
Published: March 2024

This research aimed to identify efforts to improve the competence of educators (teungku/guree) at Dayah Darul Huda Lueng Angen, North Aceh Regency. The research method used was a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were obtained through observation, in-depth interviews, and document analysis, which were analyzed through data condensation, data display, and verification/conclusion stages. The results showed that Dayah Darul Huda Lueng Angen plays a strategic role in traditional Islamic education in Aceh but still faces challenges in human resource development, especially in recruitment, competence, and the welfare of its educators. Dayah Darul Huda Lueng Angen has made several efforts to improve the competence of educators, including a program for teaching the "kitab kuning" to ninth-grade students who then become teachers, joint studies between Abu and Ummi to enhance competence, and regular religious guidance. The recommended actions include enhancing the quality of teaching the "kitab kuning," developing training programs and self-development for educators, and providing awards to motivate educators to enhance the quality of education at Dayah Darul Huda Lueng Angen.
Proposed Online Voters’ Registration Automated System in Election
Authors: AWODUN Mojirade Adejumoke , AJISOLA Kolawole Thomas
Published: March 2024

Voters’ registration is a process which qualifies a citizen to vote and also be voted for in any given election. A list of voter is generated from the voter registration called voter’s list. The manual voters register maintained in most of the under developed countries is causing a lot of electoral malpractices. The proposed system will maintain a central database for all registered voters, which will include their pictures and voters ID to guide against having multiple registrations. This study examined electoral act: national register of voters and qualification for registration. Appropriate conclusion was made.
Construction Project Management Issues and Development in Current for Future Construction Project: Challenges and Prospects in Sustainable Project Management
Authors: Misnan Mohd Saidin , Ismail Mohamad Zahierruden , Yan Tan Jia
Published: March 2024

The global construction industry faces escalating pressure to embrace sustainable practices in response to increasing awareness of environmental and social issues. The construction sector, with its profound impact on the built environment, plays a pivotal role with far-reaching environmental, social, and economic implications. Stakeholders in the construction industry, driven by concerns related to climate change, resource depletion, and social equity, actively seek strategies to mitigate their environmental and societal impact. This has culminated in a heightened emphasis on sustainability in construction project management. The aim of this research is to investigate the challenges and propose proactive strategies among construction project stakeholders to effectively integrate sustainable practices into project management. This research systematically reviews existing literature to illuminate the challenges and prospects associated with integrating sustainability into construction project management, focusing on the future of construction projects. Challenges encountered by construction project managers include cost constraints, limited awareness and training, resistance to change, and the complexity of sustainability metrics. Understanding and addressing these challenges are imperative for the successful implementation of sustainable construction practices tailored to the unique context of construction firms. On the positive side, integrating sustainability into construction project management holds promising prospects. It is anticipated to result in reduced resource consumption, enhanced energy efficiency, lower operational costs, and an improved public image. Furthermore, aligning construction projects with sustainable development goals opens avenues for innovation and market differentiation. This research underscores the necessity of proactive strategies and collaborative efforts among project stakeholders to overcome challenges associated with sustainable construction. It highlights the potential for future construction projects to contribute significantly to a more sustainable built environment, emphasizing the growing importance of sustainability in construction projects. By addressing these challenges, the construction industry can progress towards a more sustainable future, aligning with global efforts to combat climate change and promote responsible resource management.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BLOOD GROUPS AND COVID-19 OUTCOME CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Mutar MAHDI Batool , Muaataz TAHA Abduallah , Mizher OUDAH Mustafa , Tayib OTHMAN Othman , Natiq NOORI Ahmed
Published: March 2024

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) first started as an epidemic in Wuhan city – China in 2019 then became a pandemic. Certain viral infections showed linkage with certain antigenic determinants of ABO blood groups and Rh factor. Aim of the study: determine the association between blood groups and Rh factor with COVID19 infection in a sample of Iraqi patients. Patients and methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted among 580 students of a variety of colleges mainly in Baghdad from 6th of December 2021 to 18th of January 2022. An online questionnaire using Google forms was used to collect the data. Results: A total of 580 samples were collected during the study with 358 (61.7%) females samples and 222 (38.3%) males and there was a significant difference between them (P=0.0001). The mean age of the participants was 20.20± 2.716 years. Of the 580 COVID-19 infected samples collected 289 ( 49.8%) were blood group O. 133 (22.9%) were blood Group A then 108(18.6%) were blood group B, and 50 (8.6%) blood group AB while with significant difference (P=0.). About 508 (87.5%) of the samples were Rh + who had COVID-19 infection and the remaining 72(12.5%) were Rh – (P=0.0001). Conclusions: There was an association between Blood group O+ and COVID-19 infection who did not required hospitalization and the blood group AB+ were less susceptible to infection
EFFECTS OF SMOKING ON PROTEINS LEVEL IN SERA OF IRAQI CIGARETTE SMOKERS
Authors: Adel LATEEF Diyar , Ahmed NASSER Nesreen , T. AL-RUBAYEE Wasan , Sulaiman BABAN Rayah , A. HASHIM Raghad
Published: March 2024

Smoking is a chronic and progressive disease that is also communicable, causing harm to every organ of the body. Material and method This study compared (17) narghile smokers to (18) non-smokers. After measuring total serum protein, albumin, globulins, and albumin/globulin ratio, SPSS was used to assess statistical differences between the two groups. All biochemical parameters were evaluated spectrophotometrically. The results obtained show that total serum protein was significantly decreased in smokers (5.833±0.255) compared to the non-smokers (6.139±0.535). Insignificant decrease in albumin (3.824±0.354) concentration in smokers group compare to the non-smokers group (4.061±0.485), while no significant difference was noted in both groups (smokers and nonsmokers) in globulins concentration (2.009±0.226 and 2.078±0.281, respectively). No significant differences between smokers and non-smokers group for A/G ratio, (1.941±0.379 and 1.994±0.420, respectively) were observed Conclusion The current study showed that cigarette smoking lowers blood protein levels, therefore extended smoking may pose greater dangers
AHMED BIN SAHLAL.BALKHI, THE AUTHER OF PICTURES OS REGIONS RESEARCHER
Authors: Qahtan Abdul Satar AL-HADITHI Asst. Prof. Dr. Dhefar
Published: March 2024

The study in cluded adefinition of one ofe the important personalities. who had agreatimpct in the intellectual life in particular and the Arab Islamic state in general , He lived an impotant historical period its events were storngits influences were , rich and its results were violent in its rise and for its results on the scientific and literary values leftbehind .His biography became the object of admiration and apperciation of scholars, juris. In spite of this personality ,little was written about him, and this great scholar did not receive any much attention . This ambiguity was revealed and the darkness was dispelled .I was ableto reach some important matters that pertion to this great scholar as Arabian and muslimhistorian who was described in the most wonderful descrption and speech despite the lock of scurces and information
THE GROWING THREAT TO THE SECURITY OF INSTITUTIONS AND COUNTRIES AS A RESULT OF ELECTRONIC PIRACY IN CYBERSPACE, “LIBYA IS A MODEL”
Authors: A. NAAS Prof.Dr.Ehab
Published: March 2024

Terrorism is the obsession experienced by all countries and people fear it to the point that it has become a part of daily life. Hardly a day goes by without a terrorist act beginning somewhere in the world. It has become unique and news of terrorism is shared in the media and receives the attention of people of all cultural levels and inclinations and existence. On the ground, it is due to policies and locations. However, history has advanced, but at the present time even after another very exciting new one, especially after the amazing spread of modern technology and the emergence of the information network (the Internet), which enables devastating bloody operations to be carried out with minimal effort and many security elements continue to prevent them from scratch. Or catch them later. Cyber war is one of the most prominent features of political and commercial conflicts between countries. In theory, cyber war means malicious activities through the Internet supported by a country, which target infrastructure, facilities, government institutions, industrial networks, and research, and are capable of disrupting the operation of vital infrastructure
THE FOREIGN POLICY OF KING FRANCIS1(1515-1547)
Authors: Jawad HAD Dr. Iman
Published: March 2024

The study of historical figures has remained the focus of interest for researchers, especially European figures who had a prominent role in shaping the events of Europe and then the trend towards the new world and took it upon themselves to draw the map of Europe through its internal and foreign policies. These figures remained the center of controversy among researchers, through extrapolation and analysis of historical documents and writings, over the extent of what they achieved for their countries and peoples and what they established on the European map. Among those figures was the French King Francis I, who sat on the throne of France from 1515 to 1547, and whose reign was full of events. International relations changed according to what he saw as appropriate for French interests, whether by concluding agreements at times, as happened with the development of his relationship with the Ottoman Empire, which was a key to the growth of French-Ottoman relations and an outlet for interference in Ottoman affairs and between waging wars at other times because of his expansionist ambitions in Europe, the most important of which was waging a war against Spain for control. On the Italian kingdoms and what coincided with those events and those that followed them, including his interest in geographical discoveries, which he considered one of the most important foundations of his expansionist policy outside Europe towards the New World and reaching the East. The study dealt with the circumstances of François I’s accession to the throne of France and the most important kings who lived with him in that period. Then we touched on his wars with Spain because of his expansionist claims in Italy, the French-Ottoman relations that developed very significantly, and the success of his expansionist policy through his encouragement of the movement of geographical discoveries after he saw the treasures. The money and types of trade that Spanish and Portuguese ships brought from overseas achieved great success in that direction despite the superiority of the British fleet and its sovereignty over the seas
THE 1968 PUEBLO INCIDENT AND ITS IMPACT ON NORTH KOREAN-UNITED STATES RELATIONS
Authors: Elaibi GATEA Tahaani
Published: March 2024

On 23 January 1968, USS Pueblo, a U.S. Navy troop spy intelligence vessel, and its crew were seized (83) Persons by North Korean gunboats off its coast, captured and transported to Pyongyang by the ship's crew, confirmed by the United States of America that the Pueblo was in international waters, started a military build-up in the region, while undercover negotiations began that resulted in an agreement securing the release of (82) surviving crew members after (one died from injuries sustained during captivity) On December 23, the crew was released after a negotiated settlement in which the US administration apologized and vowed to stop spying on North Korea
O EFEITO DA COMPOSIÇÃO CORPORAL NA APTIDÃO FÍSICA DE UNIVERSITÁRIOS JOGADORES DE RÚGBI
Authors:   Universiti Malaya, Faculdade de Ciências do Esporte e do Exercício, Mohd Norsyazmi ,   Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Nutrição e Dietética, Hanim Hamzah Sareena ,   Universiti Malaya, Faculdade de Ciências do Esporte e do Exercício, Feisal Merican Aljunid Merican Amir ,   Universiti Malaya, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Centro de Pesquisas em Ciências computacionais e Informática em Biologia
Published: March 2024

Objetivos: Investigar a relação entre composição corporal e as características de aptidão física dos jogadores de rúgbi universitário e explorar os seus perfis físicos baseados em suas posições de jogo. Métodos: Jogadores universitários de alto nível (n = 27, idade = 21,2 ± 1,1 anos) foram agrupados em duas posições de jogo, onde avaliou-se os avançados e os recuados. Foram recolhidos dados para peso corporal (BW), altura, composição corporal (percentagem de gordura corporal [BF%] e massa corporal magra [LBM]), teste de sprint de 3 segundos (3SST), mudança de direcção de Illinois (ICOD), salto vertical (VJT), e aptidão aeróbica (VO2 max). Resultados: Os jogadores avançados apresentaram um BW, BF%, e LBM significativamente mais elevados em comparação com os jogadores recuados. Os jogadores recuados foram significativamente mais rápidos e apresentaram um VO2 máximo melhor do que os jogadores avançados. Dependendo das posições de jogo, BF% e LBM mostraram uma relação moderada a forte com desempenhos de aptidão física. Conclusão: A antropometria como a altura, BW, LBM, e VO2 max pode ser um factor que contribui para determinar as posições dos jogadores e os seus padrões de jogo apropriados no rugby union. Nível de Evidência III; Estudo Retrospectivo Comparativo.
CUTOFF VALUES FOR STRENGTH ASYMMETRY CLASSIFICATION ON SOCCER PLAYERS
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Sports Department, Ribeiro Santos Araújo Sílvia , Alvares de Campos Abreu Edgardo ,   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Sports Department, Karl Menzel Hans-Joachim ,   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Sports Department, Bertú Medeiros Fabíola ,   Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Physical Education Faculty
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Strength asymmetry in soccer players may arise from unilateral demands along years of training and may be related to higher injury risk and performance impairment. However, cut-off values used to classify asymmetry can be different among tests or outcomes. Objective: The aim was to compare the distribution of soccer players classified as symmetric or asymmetric based on the arbitrary cut-off value of 15% and the Upper Limit Value method for impulse and peak force. Methods: 184 professional Brazilian soccer players did the countermovement jump test on two force plates. The symmetry index was used to quantify the asymmetry of peak force and impulse. Then, cut-off value of 15% was compared with the cut-off value estimated from the Upper Limit Value. McNemar χ² test was used to verify the concordance of diagnostic. Results: Upper Limit Value for peak force and impulse asymmetries were 10.86% and 25.31%, respectively. McNemar χ² test confirmed the hypothesis, that the classification of athletes would be statistically different between cut-off values. Conclusions: We concluded that cut-off values based on Upper Limit Value for impulse and peak force were different from the 15% cut-off values. Coaches should be aware of this different classification choosing the cut-off value that best fits their team. Level of Evidence II; Diagnostic Studies–Investigation of a Diagnostic Test.
VALOR DE CORTE PARA CLASSIFICAÇÃO DA ASSIMETRIA DE FORÇA EM JOGADORES DE FUTEBOL
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Esportes, Ribeiro Santos Araújo Sílvia , Alvares de Campos Abreu Edgardo ,   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Esportes, Karl Menzel Hans-Joachim ,   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Esportes, Bertú Medeiros Fabíola ,   Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Colegiado de Educação Física
Published: March 2024

Introdução: A assimetria de força em jogadores de futebol pode ser decorrente de demandas unilaterais ao longo de anos de treinamento e pode estar relacionada a maior risco de lesão e comprometimento do desempenho. No entanto, os valores de corte usados para classificar a assimetria podem ser diferentes entre testes ou resultados. Objetivo: O objetivo foi comparar a distribuição de jogadores de futebol classificados como simétricos ou assimétricos com base no valor de corte arbitrário de 15% e no método Upper Limit Value para impulso e pico de força. Métodos: 184 jogadores profissionais de futebol brasileiro realizaram o teste de salto com contramovimento em duas plataformas de força. O índice de simetria foi utilizado para quantificar a assimetria do pico de força e impulso. O valor de corte de 15% foi então comparado com o valor de corte estimado a partir do Valor Limite Superior. O teste χ² de McNemar foi utilizado para verificar a concordância diagnóstica. Resultados: O valor limite superior para força de pico e assimetrias de impulso foi de 10,86% e 25,31%, respectivamente. O teste χ² de McNemar confirmou a hipótese de que a classificação dos atletas seria estatisticamente diferente entre os valores de corte. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que os valores de corte baseados no Valor Limite Superior para impulso e força de pico foram diferentes dos valores de corte de 15%. Os treinadores devem estar atentos a esta diferença na classificação escolhendo o valor de corte mais adequado à sua equipe. Nível de Evidência II; Estudos Diagnósticos–Investigação de um Exame para Diagnóstico.
CONTEÚDO DE ÁGUA INTRACELULAR E EXTRACELULAR COM DIETAS DE CARREGAMENTO DE CARBOIDRATOS
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências do Sistema Músculo Esquelético, Mizumoto Milton ,   Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Grupo de Pesquisa em Fisiologia Aplicada e Nutrição - Centro de Medicina do Estilo de Vida, Saunders Bryan ,   Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Grupo de Pesquisa em Fisiologia Aplicada e Nutrição - Centro de Medicina do Estilo de Vida,   Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Gualano Bruno ,   Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Grupo de Pesquisa em Fisiologia Aplicada e Nutrição - Centro de Medicina do Estilo de Vida,   Universidade de São Paulo, Centro de Pesquisa em Alimentos, Hernandez Arnaldo José ,   Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Ortopedia,
Published: March 2024

Introdução: Em atividades físicas prolongadas a reposição hídrica e o conteúdo de glicogênio muscular são fatores limitantes em corredores de maratonas. O carregamento de carboidrato (CHO) nos dias anteriores à competição de resistência é um método comumente empregado para otimizar os estoques de glicogênio muscular e o desempenho no exercício. Uma vez que cada grama de glicogênio muscular liga-se a ≈2,7 a 4 gramas de água, a retenção hídrica pode ocorrer durante dietas de carregamento de carboidrato. Objetivo: Avaliar diferenças entre as estratégias de carregamento de carboidratos (Bergström e Sherman) no teor de água intracelular (AIC) ou água extracelular (AEC). Métodos: Vinte e três corredores foram alocados aleatoriamente para duas intervenções (Bergström e Sherman) num delineamento em “crossover”. Os participantes foram submetidos a uma avaliação inicial antes dos 3 dias de depleção de glicogênio, seguidos por 3 dias de carga de carboidratos com tempo de “washout” de 30 dias consistindo em dieta e treinamento normais. Utilizou-se a bioimpedância multifrequencial (BIS) para avaliar AIC e AEC na Etapa Inicial, Pós-depleção e Pós-CHO para determinar quaisquer diferenças entre os protocolos de Bersgstrom e Sherman. Também foram obtidas coletas de sangue para avaliar o potássio. Foram determinadas associações entre AIC, AEC e glicogênio muscular. Resultados: Não houve diferenças no conteúdo de AIC ou AEC entre as duas intervenções em qualquer momento. Houve um efeito do tempo para AIC, com aumento da etapa Pós-depleção para Pós-CHO sem qualquer diferença entre as intervenções. O potássio plasmático diminuiu entre a Linha de base e Pós-depleção em ambas condições. Não houve diferença no conteúdo de glicogênio muscular entre intervenções ou momentos. Conclusão: Não houve diferenças no conteúdo de AIC e AEC entre as intervenções de Bergström e Sherman em qualquer momento. Nível de Evidência I; Testes de Critérios Diagnósticos Desenvolvidos Anteriormente.