bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ПРИРОДНЫЕ И АНТРОПОГЕННЫЕ ФАКТОРЫ, ОБУСЛОВЛИВАЮЩИЕ АКТИВНОСТЬ СКЛОНОВЫХ ПРОЦЕССОВ ТЕРРИТОРИИ ПРОЕКТИРУЕМОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗНОЙ ДОРОГИ ЭЛЕГЕСТ–КЫЗЫЛ–КУРАГИНО
Authors: Строкова Людмила Александровна , Надеждина Юлия Юрьевна
Published: November 2021

Ссылка для цитирования:  Строкова Л.А., Надеждина Ю.Ю. Природные и антропогенные факторы, обусловливающие активность склоновых процессов территории проектируемой железной дороги Элегест–Кызыл–Курагино // Известия Томского политехнического университета. Инжиниринг георесурсов. – 2021. – Т. 332. – № 11. – С. 170-181
Актуальность исследования обусловлена разработкой проекта первой железной дороги в Тыве, которая должна связать Тыву с Красноярским краем. Трасса планируется в сложных инженерно-геологических условиях. В статье представлена оценка инженерно-геологических условий территории трассы, необходимая для поддержки процесса принятия решений по размещению сооружений. Целью данного исследования является изучение влияния природных и антропогенных факторов на активность склоновых процессов на территории, таких как обвалы, подвижные осыпи, лавины, солифлюкция, каменные глетчеры, курумы, сплывы, сели. Объектом исследования является геологическая среда района проектируемой трассы Кызыл–Курагино. Рассмотрены основные факторы, влияющие на формирование склоновых процессов: геоморфологические и тектонические условия; литологический состав; физико-механические свойства пород, гидрологические, гидрогеологические и мерзлотные условия района, экзогенные и эндогенные геологические процессы, наличие автодорог. Каждый фактор далее подразделяется на классы. Методы. Для определения взаимосвязи между природными и антропогенными факторами и активностью склоновых процессов использован статистический анализ частотности склоновых процессов и метод анализа иерархий наряду с географической информационной системой. Результаты. Для определения взаимосвязи природных и антропогенных факторов со склоновыми процессами было проанализировно 9 факторов с 43 классами внутри них. Обнаружено, что наиболее значимыми параметрами являются: уклон поверхности, ее высотная отметка, экспозиция склона, генетический тип и литологический состав грунтов. Частота гравитационных смещений увеличивается на северных склонах с уклоном более 10°, с отметками более 2000 м, сложенных метаморфическими породами и обломочными образованиями. Частота и масштабы оползней увеличиваются в непосредственной близости от дорог. Их максимальные значения наблюдаются в пределах 50-метровой буферной зоны. Результаты определения весов двумя методами показали высокую сходимость результатов. Выводы. Результаты дают информацию о природных и антропогенных факторах, характеризующих склоновые процессов на исследуемой территории. Применяемая методология позволяет оценить участки, предрасположенные к склоновым процессам, откартировать их, и может быть использована для составления документации по планировке и разработке рекомендаций по инженерной защите территории
УСЛОВИЯ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ВОЛН НАПРЯЖЕНИЯ ПРИ ВЗРЫВЕ ШПУРОВЫХ ЗАРЯДОВ ВЗРЫВЧАТОГО ВЕЩЕСТВА И ИХ ВЛИЯНИЕ НА КАЧЕСТВО РАЗРУШЕНИЯ ГОРНЫХ ПОРОД ПРИ ПРОХОДКЕ ГОРНЫХ ВЫРАБОТОК
Authors: Масаев Юрий Алексеевич , Масаев Владислав Юрьевич , Дрозденко Юрий Вадимович , Аксенова Олеся Юрьевна
Published: November 2021

Ссылка для цитирования:  Условия формирования волн напряжения при взрыве шпуровых зарядов взрывчатого вещества и их влияние на качество разрушения горных пород при проходке горных выработок /  Ю.А. Масаев, В.Ю. Масаев, Ю.В. Дрозденко, О.Ю. Аксенова // Известия Томского политехнического университета. Инжиниринг георесурсов. – 2021. – Т. 332. – № 11. – С. 110-116

Актуальность. При разработке месторождений полезных ископаемых взрывным способом требуется разрушать горные породы, залегающие на различных глубинах в различных горно-геологических условиях и имеющих различные физико-технические свойства. Взрыв шпуровых зарядов взрывчатого вещества формирует волны напряжений и давление продуктов взрыва, которые по-разному действуют на разные горные породы, и для улучшения их действия шпуровые заряды необходимо взрывать с различным замедлением. Цель: более полный и качественный учет энергетических характеристик взрывчатых веществ, положения шпуровых зарядов относительно естественной трещиноватости горной породы, крепости вмещающих горных пород, сечения горных выработок для повышения качества разрушения взрываемых горных пород. Объекты: объекты подземного строительства, угольные и рудные шахты, горные предприятия по добыче полезных ископаемых открытым и подземным способом. Методы. Для достижения поставленной цели использовались натурные исследования, позволившие установить зависимость качества разрушения горной породы от времени срабатывания шпуровых зарядов, а также аналитические исследования, позволившие определить значения предельных радиусов расширения зарядной полости для некоторых типов взрывчатых веществ. Результаты. Результатами исследования являются более полный учет энергетических характеристик взрывчатых веществ, оптимальное объемное положение шпуровых зарядов относительно систем естественной трещиноватости среды, корреляция их с крепостью горных пород, сечением горных выработок и глубиной заложения зарядов взрывчатых веществ, приводящими к созданию рациональных объемов врубов, обеспечивающих наиболее высокие показатели взрывных работ.
¿Qué esperan los latinoamericanos de la democracia?. Un modelo de análisis de varianza (ANOVA)
Authors: Miranda Delgado Rafael Gustavo
Published: November 2021

El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar el impacto de las variables materiales en la satisfacción de la democracia en América Latina. La hipótesis que guía esta investigación es que las variables materiales como la seguridad, la reducción de la pobreza, la equidad y el empleo tienen un impacto significativo en la satisfacción de la ciudadanía latinoamericana por sus regímenes democráticos. La investigación demostró que las variables materiales son significativas para entender la satisfacción de la ciudadanía por la democracia. Las variables materiales explican más del 30% de la satisfacción, o insatisfacción de la democracia en la región. Las variables más demostrativas en la satisfacción de la democracia son la brecha de pobreza, y luego la tasa de victimización.
Política europea de seguridad y defensa y sus efectos en la industria de defensa
Authors: Calvo Carlos
Published: November 2021

Defence has traditionally not been a priority within Community policies. However, in recent years it had become aware of the need to promote it, with special attention to the development of the industrial base. The most significant milestone for change comes in December 2013 when the Council discusses the future of security and defence. Until then, the Council took precedence over national optics and the Commission acted in the face of industry as a regulator to promote the implementation of single market rules in the defence market. The Libyan crisis of 2011 highlighted the need for strategic autonomy. This abstract concept implies the capability to act. It highlights the need for greater autonomy in industrial matters to support military capabilities without external dependencies. The crisis also occurs at a time of widespread decline in defence budgets that makes it difficult for nations to tackle large programs individually. The need for a competitive industrial base to support autonomous operations is of value. It is in this context that the EU Global Strategy in 2016 is enacted, resulting in the implementation in defence of the CFSP initiative aimed at streamlining demand, and the European Defence Plan, which includes the creation of a specific fund, the EDF, aimed at incentivising industrial cooperation to act on the supply side. The initiatives launched over the past four years to promote security and defence cooperation, with particular attention to the industrial component, are underway and will be difficult to go back even if European countries are in the dilemma between protectionism and cooperation. The COVID 19 crisis has diverted that attention. The future presents a scenario of greater strategic instability, which is faced with different national perspectives, greater competition between great powers in which Europe does not present a single voice, and a European society that seems far from its defence. Under these conditions, Europe faces the need to decide between having military and industrial capabilities appropriate to its political objectives or maintaining formulas for cooperation with third parties following current models. If the strategic objective is to have sufficient autonomy to address actions independently, the development of an industrial defence policy will be a basic element and will be conditioned by member states' visions, budgetary effort, and level of coordination of operational demand and industrial supply.
Chinese Foundations and the Challenge of ‘Going International
Authors: Tan Lindan , Huyse Huib
Published: November 2021

China’s international cooperation strategies are gradually changing due to evolving views about the limits of its internationalisation approach, which has traditionally mainly focused on building governmental and business relationships. Intensified interactions with low-income countries in the context of the Belt and Road Initiative are perceived to benefit from an increased role for its domestic non-governmental organisations (NGOs). This article explores China’s initial steps in enabling the domestic NGO landscape to internationalise by looking at this development from an organisational capacity perspective. By assessing five key organisational characteristics of 36 Chinese foundations engaging in international cooperation, we find that the average organisational capacity for international cooperation is still limited but shows gradual improvement. While they all comply with government regulations in governance and several foundations have large budgets and capacity for domestic operations, our findings suggest that only a few currently mobilise substantial human and financial resources for their international activities.
Triangular Cooperation: Different Approaches, Same Modality
Authors: Prantz Sebastian , Zhang Xiaomin
Published: November 2021

Triangular cooperation aims to utilise the comparative advantages of a pivotal partner (usually an emerging country) and a facilitating partner (usually a traditional donor) to generate development impacts with and for the benefit of a beneficiary, through simultaneously strengthening their partnership and providing opportunities for mutual learning. Utilising the triangular cooperation modality, China has acted primarily as a pivotal partner, implementing projects with facilitating partners and beneficiaries. Roles and responsibilities between China and facilitating partners differ greatly. Three approaches can be distinguished: (a) facilitating partner provides financial resources and China provides expertise; (b) China provides financial resources and facilitating partner implements; (c) China and facilitating partner provide financial resources and jointly plan and implement together with the beneficiary. This article argues that approach (c), currently practised in triangular cooperation projects between China, Germany, and beneficiary countries provides the partners with the most potential for effectively generating developmental impacts and partnership effects.
The Association of Parenting and Stunting Status with Children Development Age 12-36 Months in the Work Area of Pauh Health Centre, Padang City
Authors: Azrimaidaliza Azrimaidaliza , Juwita Fathia , Agus Zulkarnain
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Stunting prevalence is quite high in West Sumatra Province, including Padang City. Parenting factors and nutritional status play a role in children's development.Objective: This study aims to determine the association between parenting and stunting status with the development of children aged 12-36 months.Method: Design study was cross sectional with the population being children aged 12-36 months who lived in the Pauh Public Health Center working area in Padang City with a total sample of 86 children. The sample was taken by using simple random sampling. Data on development of children were collected using KPSP, parenting data by a structured questionnaire, and stunting data through measuring child height. The data is processed by the SPSS program and displayed univariate, bivariate and multivariate data.Results: The results showed that parenting, especially eating patterns and stunting status were related to the development of children aged 12-36 months. The factor most related to the development of children aged 12-36 months is the stunting status of the child (POR = 4.368; 95% CI = 1.781-10.711; p value = 0.001)Conclusion: It should be noted that a balanced diet in accordance with the needs of children in addition to improving health, hygiene and psychosocial parenting mainly for stunting children so that the child's physical growth and development are normal.
The Relationship between Duration of Benzene Exposure with Liver Enzymes in Car Painting Workshop Workers
Authors: Yatulaini Fitri , Tualeka Abdul Rohim , Jalaludin Juliana , Russeng Syamsiar S
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Benzene is a carcinogenic compound that can be found in a car painting workshop in Surabaya. The source of benzene in the car painting workshop comes from thinners. Inhalation is the main route for benzene to enter the body. The duration of benzene exposure can affect the accumulation of benzene concentrations. If work safety is not considered, the benzene compound can cause the liver disease. Furthermore, SGOT and SGPT are basic parameters of liver function. The study aims to determine the relationship between the duration of benzene exposure with SGOT and SGPT levels in car painting workshop workers. Method: observational research with a cross-sectional approach was applied as the method of this study. The research was conducted in a car painting workshop in 2019 with 20 workers. The variables were the duration of benzene exposure (hours/day) and levels of SGOT and SGPT. Data analysis used the Fisher's Exact Test and Coefficient Contingency test. Results: Workers worked with a duration of benzene exposure ≤ 8 hours/day by 70% and > 8 hours/day by 30%. The measurement results exceeded the normal limit with the value of SGOT of 15% and the SGPT of 30%. Furthermore, the Sstatistical test show p-values between the duration of benzene exposure and SGOT (0.202) and SGPT (0.303), body weight with SGOT (1.000) and SGPT (1.000), education with SGOT (0.199) and SGPT (0.182) and alcohol consumption with SGOT (1.000) and SGPT (1.000). Conclusion: There was no relationship between the duration of benzene exposure with SGOT and SGPT levels in car painting workshop workers in Surabaya with a p-value >0.05.Keywords: car painting workers, duration of benzene exposure, SGOT, SGPT
THE PERFORMANCE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN HIGH AND LOW SALES TURNOVER COMMUNITY PHARMACIES
Authors: Antari Ni Putu Udayana , Agustini Ni Putu Dewi , Suena Ni Made Dharma Shantini
Published: November 2021

Background: Pharmacy managers will make various efforts to increase their income. In spite of this, pharmacies that have the same facilities can generate greatly varied incomes.Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the difference between high sales turnover pharmacies and low sales turnover pharmacies as observed through employee motivation, organizational culture, and patient satisfaction.Methods: This study used an analytical design with a questionnaire and checklist. Consumers were selected using the purposive sampling system to assess patient satisfaction. All employees were sampled to assess work motivation and organizational culture. Data analysis was performed using descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate testing.Results: Direct observation of pharmaceutical services from the two outlets shows that there were differences in the time it takes for pharmacist to retrieve the drug, the time for providing drug information, collecting information from patients, and the type of drug information provided, as well as employee motivation, organizational culture, and patient satisfaction.Conclusion: Services at pharmacies with high sales turnover are different from pharmacies with low sales turnover. Empathy has the greatest effect on sales turnover, followed by reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and tangible dimensions. Outlets that have high sales turnover have better organizational culture and higher employee motivation when compared to outlets that have low sales turnover. Keywords: motivation, organizational culture, patient satisfaction, sales turnover
The Implications of Board Independence and Foreign Ownership on Audit Quality of Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria
Authors: Oriakhi Solomon , Okoye Emma .I. , Adeniyi Segun Idowu
Published: November 2021

This study investigated the implications of board independence and foreign ownership on audit quality of manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study are to examine the effects of board independence as well as foreign ownership on audit quality of manufacturing firms quoted in Nigeria. Secondary data were carefully collected from a total of fifty eight (58) quoted manufacturing firms in Nigeria for the period (2010 – 2018) and the binary model of regression (logit, probit and gombit) was properly used for hypotheses testing. The outcome reveals that board independence had a positive and insignificant influence on audit quality while foreign ownership had a positive and significant influence on audit quality. The study therefore recommends that composition of the board should be such that its function is not undermined and one of such ways is to have an appropriate mixture with non-executive directors. Also having foreign ownership could enhance audit quality given the different corporate cultures they may possess.
How To Build Continuance Intention On Jenius App Users
Authors: Oktavendi Tri Wahyu , Arisanti Ike
Published: November 2021

The availability of various kinds of transaction services via smartphones will certainly affect its users. The theme of Financial Technology (Fintech) is also developing which includes transactions through smartphone applications. The big question arises, namely what are the factors that influence Jenius-App users to be intense in using the application? Its Benefit? Or its Risk?. This study tries to examine the factors that affect Continuance Intention on Jenius App users. Smart PLS 15 is used in this study by using Outer Model and Inner Model. The Results show that it is only three hypotheses are accepted. First, Perceived Usefulness Affect Continuance Intention. Second, Perceived Ease of Use Affect Perceived Usefulness. Third, Perceived Risk Affect Perceived Ease of Use.
Alternative Options for the Nutritional Status of Patients with Chronic Heart Failure: CHF Phenotype with Sarcopenic Obesity
Authors: Shevtsova V. I. , Zujkova A. A.
Published: November 2021

More than 7 % in the general population suffers from chronic heart failure. It is known that 65 % of people with chronic heart failure are over 60 years old, and the average age of patients is 70 years. Patients with CHF are characterized by a change in nutritive status. Often, patients suffer from malinutrition in the outcome of the disease. However, given the prevalence of obesity and this role in the pathogenesis of diseases leading to chronic heart failure, there are patients with increased body weight. Given the sarcopenia characteristic of elderly patients, it is possible to form a phenotype of CHF with sarcopenic obesity. Sarcopenic obesity is characterized by normal or increased fat mass and miopenia. Sarcopenic obesity provokes hypodiagnosis of disorders of nutritive status, and also, taking into account the hormonal activity of the fat mass, contributes to the progression of chronic heart failure. All this leads to a loss of functional activity of patients, a decrease in their quality of life and requires the development of an individual management plan for such a patient.
Farias Brito e a crise da modernidade
Authors: Silva Francisco José
Published: November 2021

O presente artigo parte da discussão sobre a questão da Modernidade, tendo como referência a crítica do filósofo Raimundo Farias Brito (1862-1917) que aponta a crise moderna e a incapacidade das correntes filosóficas europeias do Positivismo (Comte), do Evolucionismo (Spencer) e do Socialismo (Marx) em dar uma resposta satisfatória a tal situação de relativismo, ceticismo e ausência de um princípio unificador. A proposta britiana passa pela retomada da Metafísica, numa abordagem naturalista, em vista de uma nova concepção de Religião que pudesse garantir a unidade e coesão social.
A Bildung em G. W. F. Hegel
Authors: Alexandre Nicolau Marcos Fábio
Published: November 2021

O artigo empreende uma discussão sobre o conceito de Formação Cultural (Bildung) em G. W. F. Hegel (1770-1831), buscando apreender como o filósofo aborda a educação em suas obras. Para tal, analiso a perspectiva hegeliana de solução ao problema pedagógico, a saber, “Qual a melhor forma de educar o homem?”, imposto a todo e qualquer projeto educacional. Através de uma leitura de textos da Fenomenologia do Espírito (1807), dos Discursos sobre Educação (1808-1816), e da Filosofia do Direito (1821), viso apreender o conceito de Formação Cultural em seu sistema filosófico.
A ciência e a filosofia moderna em uma perspectiva leibniziana
Authors: Coradim Sita Patrícia
Published: November 2021

Nesse artigo apresentamos algumas características do surgimento da ciência moderna para, na sequência, analisar o modo segundo o qual Leibniz lida com a proposta de um novo tratamento intelectual da natureza.
A mística e a mecânica em filosofia moral
Authors: Prates João Batista
Published: November 2021

Em Intertexto, poema de B. Brecht, uma questão filosófica é tratada: por que devo preocupar-me com os outros? A alusão ao poema insere-nos de pronto no vértice desse trabalho. Trata-se do problema da alteridade. Percorreremos as abordagens clássicas da ética autocentrada, situando em cada uma delas um vício original, a saber, a confusão entre tempo e espaço. Fora dos marcos da metafísica bergsoniana, deixa-se de considerar uma dimensão da realidade, o tempo. O resultado será a constituição de uma ética coadunada com a natureza das representações intelectuais - espaciais, portanto -, estruturada pela lógica da conservação, o que sacrificará necessariamente o alcance da universalidade, compreendida em seu sentido largo, a qual não será jamais, sob a perspectiva bergsoniana, alcançada sem o contato com o que há de mais íntimo no real, o tempo, o movimento criador. O caráter auto-referenciado da tradição ética aparecerá como desdobramento de um modo de vida (fechado) que orienta a confecção e interpretação da forma legal, atingido pela manifestação normal de nossas faculdades para estar e agir no mundo.
Filosofia Natural, Física Teórica e Metafísica
Authors: Carvalho da Silva Vinicius
Published: November 2021

No presente artigo buscamos explorar as variadas e complexas relações entre ciência e metafísica. Defendemos que o recurso à metafísica é inevitável para a pesquisa científica e a elaboração de teorias e modelos. Estes devem partir de pressupostos metafísicos acerca da natureza da realidade e do conhecimento. Primeiro, apresentamos a metafísica, tanto em sentido histórico quanto filosófico. Em seguida, oferecemos uma definição breve, mas clara, do que entendemos por metafísica no escopo desse trabalho. Por último, recorremos a diversos filósofos naturais e físicos para discorrer sobre o tema da inevitabilidade da metafísica nas ciências naturais, sobretudo na física teórica.
FENOMENOLOGIA E HERMENÊUTICA: A CIÊNCIA DA COMUNICAÇÃO VISTA POR OUTRAS LENTES
Authors: Barbosa de Freitas Marilena
Published: November 2021

Este trabalho mostra que a fenomenologia e a hermenêutica no campo epistemológico das investigações científicas se constituem como um caminho pavimentado para desconstruir a crença da ciência normal, fundamentada na racionalidade, como única alternativa para se chegar à objetivação histórica da verdade. Mais do que desconstruir, a fenomenologia e a hermenêutica, ambas e aliadas, mostram o que está subjacente à aparente verdade, inclusive nas ciências da comunicação, já que “(…) toda consciência é consciência de algo”, e sendo assim, há intencionalidade em todo e qualquer processo comunicacional.
Social media penetration, party politics and elections in Tanzania Emerging practices and challenges
Authors: Awinia Christopher Simeon
Published: November 2021

Tanzania has witnessed an increased use of social media in political party campaigning over the last decade. Use of social media was nonetheless curtailed by a changing techno-political framework regulated by acts relating to cybersecurity and statistics. This study was guided by two hypotheses: firstly, that despite restrictive cybersecurity laws, social media in recent years has been effectively institutionalised as a new civic cyberspace for political party campaigns during elections. Secondly, increasing use of social media in elections has had a transformative effect on the way party structure was organised to conduct political mobilisation, promote party ideology and both inter- and intra-party interaction, and for fundraising. The study interviewed party members and leaders from five political parties which participated in the 2015 and 2020 general elections and concluded that social media had a transformative effect on core political party campaign activities.
Urban Regeneration: Construction of Factor model
Authors: Jayaprakash Sumana , Swamy Vimala
Published: November 2021

Abstract: Urban regeneration decision-making is a complex process, as it involves a wide range of decision-makers, public-private partnerships in finance and implementation, including the inevitable considerable amount of risk on a long-term basis. There are a multitude of stakeholders, the citizens being the key stakeholders. It is necessary to involve the citizens in the planning process. Such involvement allows the communities to express their needs and aspirations, which is useful in the policymaking, delivery of planning programs, and in the monitoring process. In such a context, Factor analysis was the statistical technique used (1) Carry out factor analysis based on the principal component analysis method using the software XLSTAT 2021.4.1.1205 - (2) Construct a factor model of Urban Regeneration. (3) Interpret and label the factor dimensions. The results of the analysis indicated that the first two principal components accounted for 60.04% of the total variance of the original dataset. All variables seemed to be, positively correlated to each other and contributed similarly to principal components PC1 &PC2. The observations were well clustered; except for very few outliers. The limitation of the work was that the perceptions of the citizens were limited to the variables derived by the researcher.
An Empirical Assessment of COVID-19 Pandemic on Asset Market Responses in India
Authors: Mohite Vikram , Bhandari Vibha
Published: November 2021

The study investigates the financial market’s response during the period of last nine months starting from the day when first COVID-19 case was confirmed in India. This paper attempts to gauge the impact of rise in COVID-19 confirmed number of cases on stock market as well as commodities market returns. A multi-model approach is used in the current research to assess the relationship between daily number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 and movement of asset returns from January 2020 to September 2020. The findings reveal that though financial markets exhibited asymmetric volatility clustering, it could not be traced to COVID-19 pandemic for the period under study in India.
The Effectiveness of Lectures in the Emergency Period for the Spread of Covid-19
Authors: Naseh Ahmad Hanany
Published: November 2021

LECTURE EFFECTIVENESS DURING THE EMERGENCY OF THE SPREAD OF COVID-19. The pandemic problem facing the world brings change into a new era. Everything is being done to break the chain of transmission of COVID-19. One of them is in the world of education, online learning methods have changed. The purpose of this article is to understand the effectiveness of online lectures in the emergency period of the COVID-19 outbreak. This research is a library research, specifically focusing on journals and books related to the research theme. The results showed that there were students who agreed with the online learning method, but there were students who did not agree. It has been found that the main problems of online lectures are lack of technical mastery, unstable network, higher costs, and the emergence of psychological problems in students.
Model of the Naqsabandiyah Order and Its Effect on Spiritual Intelligence
Authors: Abdullah Luqman , Latipah Eva , Kistoro Hanif Cahyo Adi
Published: November 2021

The alarming phenomenon of the current state of society has made experts realize that a person's success in life is not only determined by intellectual and emotional intelligence but also by spiritual Intelligence. Spiritual Intelligence refers to the Intelligence of the heart. In terms of the education of the heart, the Sufi sheikh has set an example by way of the tarekat, each of which has a different path. Therefore, this study tries to answer the problem by knowing how the Naqsyabandiyah tarekat model and its influence on spiritual Intelligence in Surau Nurul Amin, Boyolali Regency. This research is qualitative. The primary source of data is the Naqshbandiyah congregation builder and congregation. Data were collected by observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Test the validity of the data using source triangulation. The results showed: (1) The model of the Naqsyabandiyah tarekat in Surau Nurul Amin Boyolali were: Strategy through Dhikr, to foster calm; Method through Suluk, to practice honesty and discipline of the soul; and the techniques used are ubudiyah, alms, pilgrimage. (2) The development of the Naqsyabandiyah congregation in Surau Nurul Amin Boyolali influences spiritual Intelligence. Its influence is seen in the spiritual intelligence aspect of the tarekat congregation. The influence felt by each congregation is different; this is because it is routine or not in the practice of tarekat training. Some experienced a significant change in spiritual Intelligence; others experienced an increase in spiritual Intelligence.
Education Of Autis Students At Islamic Boarding School Al Achsanyah
Authors: Partono Partono , Jamaludin Dindin , Chamadi Muhamad Riza , Fuadi Salis Irvan
Published: November 2021

The purpose of the study was to find out how the educational process with autistic students intervention services at the Al-Achsaniyyah Kudus Islamic Islamic Boarding School. This research is a type of qualitative research with data analysis model of Miles and Huberman, data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and data verification. Data obtained through the process of interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the educational model of Al-Achsaniyyah  Kudus Islamic Islamic Boarding School is different from other Islamic boarding schools. Kyai/ Caregiver at Al-Achsaniyyah  Kudus Islamic Islamic Boarding Schoolis not only a religious expert but also a doctor, Santri are children with autism syndrome. Al-Achsaniyyah Islamic Islamic Boarding School is not only a shelter but also a place of treatment and madrasa for autistic students. While the intervention service uses intervention services from an early age with the principle of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) on autistic students.
Распределение и миграция химических элементов в почвах хребта Магнитный (ГПЗ «Карадагский»)
Authors: Дрыгваль П. В. , Дрыгваль А. В. , Лебедев Я. О. , Горбунов Р. В. , Станис Е. В. , Фам Кам Ньунг
Published: November 2021

В статье затронут вопрос распространения и миграции некоторых химических элементов в пределах почвенной катены, заложенной на территории горного массива Карадаг (хребет Магнитный). Катена представлена тремя точками (почвенными разрезами), заложенными на вершине хребта Магнитного, а также на его склонах северо-западной и юго-восточной экспозиций. Разрезы заложены в автоморфных и трансаккумулятивных условиях формирования почв. Даны подробные описания почвенных разрезов, а также проведён химический анализ проб почвенных горизонтов. В пробах почв определены: актуальная кислотность, количество гумуса, содержание некоторых микро- и макроэлементов в валовой и подвижной формах. Рассмотрен характер миграции некоторых химических элементов как в пределах разрезов, так и в пределах заложенной катены в целом. Отмечено, что исследованные химические элементы из почв, развивающихся в автоморфных ландшафтных условиях, на водораздельном хребте Магнитном (точка 2) мигрируют с последующей аккумуляцией в соподчинённые трансаккумулятивные ландшафты склонов (точки 1 и 3), занятых лесной растительностью. Кроме того, концентрация всех исследованных элементов в органогенных горизонтах почв трансаккумулятивных ландшафтных условий склонов выше, чем в почвах автоморфных условий плакорной поверхности водораздела.
Экспедиционные исследования Кавказа (конец XIX в.) под руководством А. А. Иностранцева
Authors: Керимов И. А. , Гагаева З. Ш.
Published: November 2021

Работа посвящена аналитическому обзору экспедиционных исследований (геологических и гидрологических), которые проводились на Кавказе под руководством А. А. Иностранцева в 90-е годы XIX в. Обобщены результаты геологических исследований конца XIX в., проводившихся в связи с инженерными работами по строительству железной дороги Владикавказ ― Тифлис. Рассмотрены результаты изысканий геологических партий, сформированных для трёх ключевых участков проводимой железнодорожной линии и тоннельных работ. За время проведения исследований был собран обширный фактический материал по геологии исследуемой территории, послуживший основой для развития петрографии. Показано, что кавказские геологические исследования сыграли заметную роль и оказали влияние на развитие геологии в России и мире. Отмечено, что гидрогеологические исследования под руководством А. А. Иностранцева позволили решить важный для региона вопрос водоснабжения.
Completion Study Aims To Extend Life of Electrical Submersible Pumps
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: November 2021

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper IPTC 20130, “Practical Approach for Solid Production Prediction and Completion Strategy Decisions in Horizontal Wells: A Case Study From a Cretaceous Carbonate Reservoir, North Oman,” by Mohammed Al-Aamri, Sandeep Mahajan, SPE, and Nair Sujith, Petroleum Development Oman, et al., prepared for the 2020 International Petroleum Technology Conference, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, 13–15 January. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2020 International Petroleum Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission.

The carbonate reservoir fields in Oman discussed in the complete paper are produced by several horizontal wells from long openhole sections. The wells are completed by barefoot (openhole) completion with electrical submersible pumps (ESPs) located in the wells’ buildup section. The field has experienced significant ESP failures, so a study aimed to provide input for well-completion-strategy design and operational parameters, which could minimize solids production and lower intervention/operating expenditure (OPEX). Based on the study results, recommendations were provided for a drawdown-management strategy, which potentially will benefit from increasing ESP run life and reducing field OPEX.

Field Background

Problem Statement and Motivation

Petrophysical rock typing for the studied reservoir is detailed in the complete paper. The primary understanding of the root cause of these ESP failures was argillaceous rock typing along the horizontal section. The decision was made to recomplete the wells by isolating equipment from such rock typing. As a result, ESP run lives improved, but failures continued. Several wells featured an isolation process from the first day, for example, but run life did not improve.

The field team subsequently analyzed a sample of fines taken from the ESP, and their mineralogy was examined. The main finding was that almost 50% of the sample included calcite mineral content with some quartz (Fig. 1). However, the question remained as to which part of the reservoir the sample belonged.

All rock types potentially consist of such calcite minerals because of the marine-deposition environment. Hence, investigating and characterizing the possible root causes of the ESP failures, as well as providing effective completion mitigations for upcoming wells, was critical.

The key objectives of the study were to understand the mechanisms and causes of the observed solids from a geomechanical standpoint and to provide recommendations to minimize the risk of near-wellbore failure.
Novel Resin-Cement Blend to Improve Well Integrity
Authors: Wagle Vikrant , Al-Yami Abdullah Saleh , AlKhalaf Sara , Alanqari Khawlah Abdulaziz , Ali Wajid , Al-Turki Faisal Abdullah
Published: November 2021

A good primary cementing job governs in a great part the producing performance of a well. Successful zonal isolation, which is the main objective of any cementing job, primarily depends on the right cement design. The resin-based cement system, which is a relatively new technology within the oil industry has the potential to replace conventional cement in critical primary cementing applications.

This paper describes the lab-testing and field deployment of the resin-based cement systems. The resin-based cement systems were deployed in those well sections where a potential high-pressure influx was expected. The resin-based cement system, which was placed as a tail slurry was designed to have better mechanical properties as compared to the conventional cement systems. The paper describes the process used to get the right resin-based cement slurry design and how its application was important to the success of the cementing jobs. The cement job was executed successfully and met all the zonal-isolation objectives. The resin-based cement's increased shear bond strength and better mechanical properties were deemed to be instrumental in providing a reliable barrier that would thwart any future issues arising due to sustained casing pressure (SCP). This paper describes the required lab-testing, lab-evaluation, and the successful field deployment of the resin-based cement systems.
Electrochemically Assisted Deposition of Calcium Carbonate Surfaces for Anionic Surfactant Adsorption: Implications for Enhanced Oil Recovery
Authors: Liu Zilong , Onay Hayati , Guo Fengzhi , Hedayati Pegah
Published: November 2021

Surface roughness of rocks had a significant influence on surfactant adsorption in enhanced oil recovery (EOR), both in terms of the total amount adsorbed as well as of the kinetics of adsorption. Combining electrochemical techniques and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM) into one analysis setup opens up new avenues for depositing model rock surfaces and investigating the adsorption behavior. Using electrochemically assisted deposition, uniform and well-covered metal-CaCO3 sensors were obtained to simulate rough carbonate rocks and characterized by scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX). The deposition process was controlled by the nitrate and oxygen electroreduction reactions in the presence of bicarbonate and calcium ions. The deposited mass of CaCO3 was calculated and the coverages for Au-CaCO3 and Pt-CaCO3 sensors were between 20 - 60%. It is observed that mostly cubic-like CaCO3 crystals were formed with crystal sizes around 20 to 50 µm from the SEM micrographs. The bigger crystals were surrounded by bare regions of Pt surface, suggesting the existence of Ostwald ripening process.

Prior to the investigation of the deposited CaCO3 surfaces, the adsorption of anionic surfactant alcohol alkoxy sulfate (AAS) was studied on a smooth commercial CaCO3 surface with varying pH and CaCl2concentrations using QCM. Subsequently, surfactant adsorption was performed on the rough deposited CaCO3 surfaces and their adsorption behavior were compared. On a smooth CaCO3 surface, a fast adsorption of AAS surfactant was observed, whereas the desorption process was characterized as a two-step process. Compared to the smooth CaCO3surface, an increase of the frequency shift of about 5 times was observed on the deposited CaCO3 surfaces. This observation was mainly ascribed to the rougher surfaces, having more adsorption sites for AAS binding, and also the liquid trapping effect, resulting in more frequency shifts. It is suggested that a rough model mineral surface could be a better representation of a rock surface, presenting the implications of the new understanding for surfactant adsorption on different rock surfaces in EOR.
Next Generation High Performance Invert Emulsion Drilling Fluids with Flat-Rheological Behavior
Authors: Santra Ashok , Patel Hasmukh , Shanmugam Sivaprakash
Published: November 2021

The rheological properties of drilling fluids are crucial parameters for efficient drilling operations. Invert emulsion drilling fluids are the industry's preferred choice when it comes to extreme conditions like deepwater or high temperature and high pressure (HTHP) drilling due to their inherent thermal stability and effectiveness against water sensitive formations. In addition, another highly desired property of such drilling fluids is minimal sensitivity of the fluid flow properties for a wide range of application temperatures, known as flat-rheology behavior.

We have developed four novel and next generation chemical additives: (i) a high temperature stable emulsifier, (ii) a low-end rheology modifier, (iii) a viscosifier with covalently linked organic groups, and (iv) a fluid loss control additive. Molecular architectural designs and synthesis of all four chemicals were carried out in our laboratory and used in optimum quantities to build industry's next generation invert emulsion fluids at density ranges from 75 – 135pcf (10-18ppg) and application temperature range of 60-450°F. Rheological and other important drilling fluid properties were tested at different downhole pressures and temperatures using a standard API recommended HTHP apparatus.

The results demonstrated extreme thermal stability all the way from 60-450°F with excellent fluid loss control and ultrathin filter cake. The novel covalently-linked organophilic viscosifier used herein has proven superior thermal stability compared to existing organo-clay based systems especially at temperatures above 350°F. Novel secondary emulsifier and low-end rheology modifier have demonstrated excellent emulsion stability at temperatures up to 450°F. It has been an industry challenge to obtain true flat rheological behavior under high pressure and temperature using commercially available chemistries. However, very interestingly, fluids optimized in this work have exhibited excellent flat-rheological behavior for a wide range of temperatures. We will present a comparative analysis of the relationship between molecular structure and properties perspective of what is currently used in the industry versus those developed in this work.

The current work has led to development of four novel chemical additives which are responsible for the industry's next generation high performance invert emulsion drilling fluids with flat-rheological behavior.
An Experimental Study Investigating the Impact of Miscible and Immiscible Nitrogen Injection on Asphaltene Instability in Nano Shale Pore Structure
Authors: Elturki Mukhtar , Imqam Abdulmohsin
Published: November 2021

Miscible gas injection has become the most used enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method in the oil and gas industry. The deposition and precipitation of aspahltene during the gas injection process is one of the problems during the oil production process. The asphaltene can deposit and plug the pores, which reduces the permeability in a reservoir; thus, decreasing the oil recovery and increasing the production costs. This research investigates the nitrogen (N2) miscible and immiscible pressure injections on asphaltene instability in shale pore structures. First, a slim-tube was used to determine the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) of N2 to ensure that the effect of both miscible and immiscible gas injection was achievable. Second, filtration experiments were conducted using a specially designed filtration apparatus to investigate the effect of nano pore sizes on asphaltene deposition. Heterogeneous distribution of the filter paper membranes was used in all experiments. The factors studied include miscible/immiscible N2 injection and pore size distribution. Visualization tests were conducted to highlight the asphaltene precipitation process over time. The results showed that increasing the pressure increased the asphaltene weight percentage. The miscible N2 injection pressure had a significant effect on asphaltene instability. However, the immiscible N2 injection pressure had a lower effect on the asphaltene deposition, which resulted in less asphaltene weight percentage. For both miscible/immiscible N2 injection pressures, the asphaltene weight percentage increased as the pore size of the filter membranes decreased. Visualization tests showed that after one hour the asphaltene clusters were clearly noticed and suspended in the solvent of heptane, and the asphaltene was fully deposited after 12 hours. Microscopy imaging of filter membranes indicated significant pore plugging from asphaltene, especially for smaller pore sizes.
Mechanical Properties of API Class C Cement Contaminated with Oil-Based Mud OBM at Elevated Temperatures and Early Curing Time
Authors: Arbad Nachiket , Rincon Fernando , Teodoriu Catalin , Amani Mahmood
Published: November 2021

The catastrophic events faced by the Oil and Gas industry in the past depict the importance of maintaining the integrity of the well. The cement acts as a crucial barrier throughout the life cycle of the well. The contamination of the cement occurs due to inefficiency in cementing practices and operations. Experimental investigations have been done on the reduction in mechanical properties of different API class cement considering contamination with water-based mud and oil-based mud.

This study focuses on analyzing the changes in mechanical properties of API Class C cement on varying the following parameters:

OBM contamination (0%, 0.6%, 1.1%, 2.2%, 4.3%) Curing time (4 hrs, 6 hrs, 8 hrs, 1 day, 3 days, 7 days) Temperature (25˚C, 75 ˚C)

API recommendations were followed for preparing the cement slurries. The destructive, as well as non-destructive tests were carried out on the cement samples at ambient room temperature to measure the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) for OBM contaminated class C cement slurries.

The general trend observed is that the UCS increases with an increase in curing time and temperature. UCS decreases with an increase in OBM contamination. Logarithmic trends were obtained for UCS vs curing time for different contaminations at a given temperature. Exceptions were observed at lower curing times where contaminated samples showed better results than the neat cement slurries. These observations play a critical role in understanding contaminated cement behavior.

This widespread work was carried out only on API Class C cement to provide reliable data for future references. The correlations presented in this paper will help operators estimate the deterioration in mechanical properties of Class C cement in the presence of low OBM contamination.

Email: nachiket.arbad@ou.edu & cteodoriu@ou.edu