bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the link between the North Atlantic storm track and precipitation deuterium excess in Reykjavik
Authors: Aemisegger Franziska
Published: October 2018

This study establishes a robust process‐based dynamical link between the variability of the deuterium excess (d) in monthly winter precipitation in Reykjavik and the frequency of strong large‐scale ocean evaporation (SLOE) events in the subpolar North Atlantic. SLOE events are induced by cold advection in the rear of extratropical cyclones. The link between SLOE and d emerges from the fact that a substantial fraction of moisture that precipitates in Reykjavik in winter originates from SLOE events. It is shown that positive anomalies of monthly d co‐occur with positive anomalies in the frequency of SLOE events at the moisture source of Reykjavik precipitation. An intensification and a northeastwards shift of the North Atlantic storm track acts as a driver for the enhanced SLOE frequency in months with positive anomalies in d. This link also implies that in the subpolar North Atlantic, variations of d in monthly (or seasonal) precipitation reveal information about the storm track dynamics in the vicinity of Iceland. Potential implications of this finding for the interpretation of d as a proxy for the location and intensity of storm tracks are discussed.
Exosomes for Non‐Invasive Cancer Monitoring
Authors: Kalishwaralal Kalimuthu , Kwon Woo Young , Park Ki Soo
Published: October 2018

Exosomes, membrane‐bound phospholipid vesicles having diameters of 50–200 nm, are secreted by all cell types and circulate in human body fluids. These vesicles are known to carry cellular constituents that are specific to the originating cells (e.g., cytoplasmic/membrane proteins, RNA, and DNA). Thus, exosomes, which are both structurally stable and abundant, are robust indicators of cancers and, as a result, they have been utilized to monitor this disease in a manner that is less invasive than gold standard tissue biopsies. In this review, the history of exosomes and the specific biomarkers present in exosomes that enable accurate monitoring of various diseases are described. In addition, methods for analysis of exosomes and identification of biomarkers are presented with special emphasis being given to isolation and signaling strategies. Lastly, integrated, microfluidic systems developed for exosome‐based cancer diagnosis are described and future directions that research in this area will likely take are presented.
Metabolomics‐based parallel discovery of xenobiotics and induced endogenous metabolic dysregulation in clinical toxicology
Authors: Chen Chang , Fan Ziquan , Xu Hui , Tan Xiaojie , Zhu Mingshe
Published: October 2018

Intoxication by xenobiotics triggers the perturbation of metabolic fingerprints in biofluids, including the accumulation of xenobiotic compounds and the dysregulation of endogenous metabolites. In this work, an untargeted metabolomics workflow was developed to simultaneously profile both xenobiotic and endogenous metabolites for the identification of the xenobiotic origin and an in‐depth understanding of the intoxication mechanism. This workflow was demonstrated in a real‐world clinical case. Plasma samples were collected from four intoxicated children and another three healthy children. Untargeted metabolomics analysis was performed using ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to a high‐resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS) with data‐independent MSE acquisition. LC–MSE data was processed using an untargeted metabolomics data interpretation workflow, in which the identities of xenobiotics and altered endogenous metabolic features were determined via database searching. Five xenobiotic chemicals and 19 endogenous metabolites were found to be dysregulated. Combined with the clinical evidence, penfluridol was confirmed as the xenobiotic toxin. Furthermore, a mechanistic hypothesis was developed to explain the dysregulation of the four endogenous acyl‐carnitines. This workflow can be readily applied to a wide range of clinical toxicology cases, offering a powerful and convenient means of simultaneous discovery of intoxication source and the understanding of intoxication mechanisms.
Rapid quantitative analysis of etoricoxib in human plasma by UPLC‐MS/MS and application to a pharmacokinetic study in Chinese healthy volunteers
Authors: Zhang Xiaoran , Guo Nan , Ji Wei , Wen Qing
Published: October 2018

A selective and sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for simultaneous determination of etoricoxib in human plasma. Chromatography was performed on an Acquity UPLC HSS T3 column (1.8 μm, 50 × 2.1 mm), with a flow rate of 0.600 mL/min, using a gradient elution with acetonitrile and water which contained 2 mm ammonium acetate as the mobile phase. Detection was carried out on Triple QuadTM 5500 mass spectrometer under positive‐ion multiple reaction monitoring mode. The respective mass transitions used for quantification of etoricoxib and etoricoxib‐d3 were m/z 359.0 → 280.1 and m/z 362.0 → 280.2. Calibration curves were linear over the concentration range of 5–5000 ng/mL. The validated method was applied in the pharmacokinetic study of etoricoxib in Chinese healthy volunteers under fed and fasted conditions. After a single oral dose of 120 mg, the main pharmacokinetic parameters of etoricoxib in fasted and fed groups were respectively as follows: peak concentration, 2364.78 ± 538.01 and 1874.55 ± 367.90 ng/mL; area under the concentration–time curve from 0 to 120 h, 44,605.53 ± 15,266.66 and 43,516.33 ± 12,425.91 ng h/mL; time to peak concentration, 2.00 and 2.50 h; and half‐life, 24.08 ± 10.06 and 23.64± 6.72 h. High‐fat food significantly reduced the peak concentration of etoricoxib (p = 0.001) but had no effect on the area under the concentration–time curve.
Association of deposition of tau and amyloid‐β proteins with structural connectivity changes in cognitively normal older adults and Alzheimer’s disease spectrum patients
Authors: Shigemoto Yoko , Sone Daichi , Maikusa Norihide , Okamura Nobuyuki , Furumoto Shozo , Kudo Yukitsuka , Ogawa Masayo , Takano Harumasa , Yokoi Yuma , Sakata Masuhiro , Tsukamoto Tadashi , Kato Koichi , Sato Noriko , Matsuda Hiroshi
Published: October 2018

Introduction

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by accumulation of extracellular amyloid‐β and intracellular tau neurofibrillary tangles. The recent advent of tau positron emission tomography (PET) has enabled in vivo assessment of tau pathology. The aim of this study was to explore whether tau deposition influences the structural connectivity in amyloid‐negative and amyloid‐positive groups, and further explore the difference between the groups.

Methods

We investigated 18 patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment/mild AD (AD‐spectrum group) and 35 cognitively normal older adults (CN group) using diffusion MRI, amyloid, and tau PET imaging. Diffusion connectometry was performed to identify white matter pathways correlated with each of the six variables of tau deposition in the bilateral hippocampi, temporal lobes, posterior and anterior cingulate cortices, precunei, orbitofrontal lobes, and entire cerebrum.

Results

The CN group showed increased connectivity along with an increased tau deposition in the bilateral hippocampi, temporal lobes, and entire cerebrum, whereas the AD‐spectrum group showed decreased connectivity in the bilateral hippocampi, temporal lobes, anterior and posterior cingulate cortices, precunei, and entire cerebrum.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that tau deposition in the CN group seems to induce a compensatory response against early neuronal injury or chronic inflammation associated with normal aging, whereas the coexistence of amyloid and tau in the AD‐spectrum group seems to outweigh the compensatory response leading to decreased connectivity, suggesting that amyloid plays a crucial role in alternating structural connectivity.
Spectrophotometers for labs: A cost‐efficient solution based on smartphones
Authors: Balado Sánchez Carlos , Díaz Redondo Rebeca P. , Fernández Vilas Ana , Sánchez Bermúdez Angel M.
Published: October 2018

In this paper, we introduce a proposal to provide students in labs with an alternative to the traditional visible range spectrophotometers (VIS spectrophotometers), whose acquisition and maintenance entails high costs, based on smartphones. Our solution faced two aspects. On the one hand, the software for the smartphone, able to perform the typical functionalities of the traditional spectrophotometers. On the other hand, the portable peripheral support needed to capture the images to be analyzed in the smartphone. The promising results allow this solution to be applied in Bring Your Own Devices (BYOD) contexts.
CFTR inhibits the invasion and growth of esophageal cancer cells by inhibiting the expression of NF‐κB
Authors: Li Wenjun , Wang Chaoyang , Peng Xiaonu , Zhang Hongwei , Huang Haibo , Liu Huimin
Published: October 2018

Our study aimed to explore the function of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in esophageal cancer. Twenty patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and 20 patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) were enrolled in this study. The levels of CFTR and NF‐κB in tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues were detected, respectively. The expression of CFTR were detected by qRT‐PCR and Western blot in normal esophageal cell line, esophagus squamous cell, carcinoma cell lines, and EA cell lines, respectively. Effects of CFTR silencing and overexpression on NF‐κB protein expression were detected by Western blot. Transwell assay was performed to detect cell invasion. Mouse tumor model was established and the effect of CFTR inhibitor on tumor growth was examined. The expression of CFTR was downregulated in tumor tissues and cancer cell lines. CFTR silencing promoted the expression of NF‐κB‐p65 and NF‐κB‐p50, and the results of CFTR overexpression were reversed. In addition, CFTR silencing promoted the invasion of cancer cells and tumor growth in mice. Besides that, NF‐κB inhibitor reduced the enhancing effects of CFTR silencing on esophageal cell invasion. We conclude that CFTR inhibits the growth and migration of esophageal cancer cells by downregulating of the NF‐κB protein expression.
Linear Copper Complex Arrays as Versatile Molecular Strings: Syntheses, Structures, Luminescence, and Magnetism
Authors: Stollenz Michael
Published: October 2018

The defined linear arrangement of metal atoms in discrete coordination complexes or polymers is still one of the most intriguing challenges in synthetic chemistry. These chain arrangements are of fundamental importance, because of their potential applications as molecular wires and single molecule magnets (SMM) in microelectronic devices on a molecular scale. Oligonuclear Group 11 metal complexes with suitable bridging ligands, specifically those that are based on copper as the first choice of a cheap precursor coinage metal, are of particular interest in this regard. This is due to the superior luminescence properties of these linear clusters that often show d10⋅⋅⋅d10interactions in their molecular structures. The combination of CuIwith heavier coinage metal ions results in tunable emissive arrays that are also stimuli‐responsive. Thus, both linear multinuclear CuIand linear heteropolymetallic CuI/AgIas well as CuI/AuIclusters are excellent candidates for applications in molecular/organic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs). Alternatively, paramagnetic multinuclear cupric arrays are prominent as potential molecular wires with enhanced magnetic properties through multiple coupled d9centers. This Review covers the whole range of linear multinuclear assemblies of cuprous and cupric ions in complexes and coordination polymers, their syntheses, photophysical behavior, and magnetic properties. Moreover, recent advances in the rapidly progressing field of hetero‐CuI/AgIand CuI/AuImolecular strings are also discussed.
Construction of N‐Heterocycles through Cyclization of Tertiary Amines
Authors: Liu Shuya , Zhao Zhiguo , Wang Yao
Published: October 2018

N‐Heterocycles have been found in a large number of natural products, drug molecules, and bioactive compounds, and they thereby play a vital role in diverse research disciplines including drug discovery, organic synthesis, chemical biology, and material science. To this end, the development of new methods and strategies for the construction of N‐heterocyclic frameworks is arguably one of the most dynamic and significant research areas in organic synthesis. One of these powerful approaches to the synthesis of N‐heterocycles is to establish cyclization reactions based on the transformation of tertiary amines, which has emerged as an attractive research topic. In this Minireview, the significant achievements in the construction of N‐heterocycles through cyclization of tertiary amines are highlighted and a comprehensive overview of the rational design, development, and application of these synthetic methods is presented.
α‐Fluoroalcohols: Synthesis and Characterization of Perfluorinated Methanol, Ethanol and n‐Propanol, and their Oxonium Salts
Authors: Baxter Amanda F. , Schaab Jonas , Hegge Joachim , Saal Thomas , Vasiliu Monica , Dixon David A. , Haiges Ralf , Christe Karl O.
Published: October 2018

Invited for the cover of this issue is Karl O. Christe and co‐workers at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA. and The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL. The image depicts a group of people enjoying alcohol at the Oktoberfest, but this includes a warning that perfluoroalcohols are strong acids, unsuitable for human consumption. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201804306.
Diversity‐Orientated Stereoselective Synthesis through Pd‐Catalyzed Switchable Decarboxylative C−N/C−S Bond Formation in Allylic Surrogates
Authors: Deng Lei , Kleij Arjan W. , Yang Weibo
Published: October 2018

Switchable catalytic transformation of reactants can be a powerful approach towards diversity‐orientated synthesis from easily available molecular synthons. Herein, an endogenous ligand‐controlled, Pd‐catalyzed allylic substitution allowing for either selective C−N or C−S bond formation using vinylethylene carbonates (VECs) and N‐sulfonylhydrazones as coupling partners has been developed. This versatile methodology provides a facile, divergent route for the highly chemo‐ and stereoselective synthesis of functional allylic sulfones or sulfonohydrazides. The newly developed protocol features wide substrate scope (nearly 80 examples), broad functional group tolerance, and potential for the late‐stage functionalization of bioactive compounds. The isolation and crystallographic analysis of a catalytically competent π‐allyl Pd complex suggests that the pathway leading to the allylic products proceeds through a different manifold as previously proposed for the functionalization of VECs with nucleophiles.
90 Jahre Chemie Ingenieur Technik – Wissenschaftliches Publizieren im Wandel
Authors: Koch Wolfram
Published: October 2018

No abstract.
Greenhouse gas removal from industrial effluents: The role of inorganic additives
Authors: Gomes Vincent G. , Ahmadi Mitra
Published: October 2018

This work is focused on the investigation of the effects of inorganic additives for carbon dioxide absorption in a liquid solvent containing potassium carbonate. Incorporating the kinetics of the main reaction steps, we considered the interactions between the governing transport mechanisms for determining the effects of gas and liquid outlet temperatures and lean carbonate compositions on outlet carbon dioxide concentration. We estimated the mass transfer coefficient using the surface renewal formalism. Based on the rate‐determining steps for the reaction and mass transfer, we developed mathematical models comprising sets of nonlinear differential and algebraic equations, which were solved using the software we developed. Plant data from an industrial unit were used for validating the model, which was subsequently employed for evaluating species concentration profiles, flow rates, temperature, and pressure in the absorber. The effects of the types of promoters, pressure, temperature, and concentration profiles of the promoters were estimated to evaluate the performance of the absorber.
Flow, mixing, and heat transfer in fluidic oscillators
Authors: Khalde Chirag M. , Pandit Ajinkya V. , Sangwai Jitendra S. , Ranade Vivek V.
Published: October 2018

There is an increasing emphasis on process intensification and development of compact, intensified reactors and separators in recent years. Significant efforts are being made to develop such intensified reactors and separators without any moving parts. Some of the recent research studies have proven that a liquid‐liquid extractor based on the Coanda effect and feedback oscillations exhibit excellent mixing and liquid‐liquid contacting. These fluidic oscillators can potentially be used for a variety of other multiphase reactions and systems demanding enhanced mixing and heat and mass transfer. In this work, we have computationally investigated flow, mixing, and heat transfer in fluidic oscillators based on the Coanda effect. Available information on flow and mixing in fluidic oscillators was critically reviewed and key gaps in the available knowledge with respect to the design and optimization of fluidic oscillators were identified. Computational flow models were developed to characterize key flow features like unsteady flows, secondary vortices, and internal recirculation over a range of Reynolds number (Re = 90–1538) for three different oscillator designs. Systematic numerical studies were carried out to quantify different flow regimes, oscillations, and the influence of key geometric parameters on flow, mixing, and heat transfer. Simulated results were critically analyzed and are presented in the form of dimensionless numbers. The approach and results presented in this work will provide useful insights and a systematic basis for extending the applications of the Coanda‐based feedback oscillatory devices for a wide range of engineering applications.
Combined epithelial marker analysis of tumour budding in stage II colorectal cancer
Authors: Slik Khadija , Blom Sami , Turkki Riku , Välimäki Katja , Kurki Samu , Mustonen Harri , Haglund Caj , Carpén Olli , Kallioniemi Olli , Korkeila Eija , Sundström Jari , Pellinen Teijo
Published: October 2018

Tumour budding predicts survival of stage II colorectal cancer (CRC) and has been suggested to be associated with epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the underlying molecular changes of tumour budding remain poorly understood. Here, we performed multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) to phenotypically profile tumours using known EMT‐associated markers: E‐cadherin (adherence junctions), integrin β4 (ITGB4; basement membrane), ZO‐1 (tight junctions), and pan‐cytokeratin. A subpopulation of patients showed high ITGB4 expression in tumour buds, and this coincided with a switch of ITGB4 localisation from the basal membrane of intact epithelium to the cytoplasm of budding cells. Digital image analysis demonstrated that tumour budding with high ITGB4 expression in tissue microarray (TMA) cores correlated with tumour budding assessed from haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) whole sections and independently predicted poor disease‐specific survival in two independent stage II CRC cohorts (hazard ratio [HR] = 4.50 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.50–13.5), n = 232; HR = 3.52 (95% CI = 1.30–9.53), n = 72). Furthermore, digitally obtained ITGB4‐high bud count in random TMA cores was better associated with survival outcome than visual tumour bud count in corresponding H&E‐stained samples. In summary, the mIHC‐based phenotypic profiling of human tumour tissue shows strong potential for the molecular characterisation of tumour biology and for the discovery of novel prognostic biomarkers.
Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity of Disubstituted Bis‐benzimidazolium Salts
Authors: Tessier Jérémie , Lecluse Margaux , Gravel Julien , Schmitzer Andreea‐Ruxandra
Published: October 2018

The increased prevalence of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria is a critical issue for human health. Developing new antibiotic agents is vital for fighting persistent infections and lowering mortality rates. In this study, we designed lutidine‐disubstituted bis‐benzimidazolium salts (lutidine‐bis‐benzimidazolium core with octyl, adamantyl, and cholesteryl lipophilic side chains), and tested their antimicrobial activity, their capacity to inhibit planktonic bacterial and fungal growth, and their ability to inhibit the formation of or disrupt mature methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilms. The antibiofilm activity of these salts was analyzed in terms of their lipophilicity, capacity to induce transmembrane ion transport, perturbation of the cellular membrane, and mechanism of action in the phospholipid bilayer. The synthesized compounds were not active against MRSA biofilms, as the formation of transmembrane channels had no effect on the integrity of the extracellular polymeric substance matrix and only octyl and adamantyl derivatives possessed the capacity to inhibit biofilm formation. The synthesized derivatives could be used as lead candidates for the development of anti‐MRSA agents.
Changes in body mass index, height, and weight in children during and after therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Browne Emily K. , Zhou Yinmei , Chemaitilly Wassim , Panetta John C. , Ness Kirsten K. , Kaste Sue C. , Cheng Cheng , Relling Mary V. , Pui Ching‐Hon , Inaba Hiroto
Published: October 2018

Background

Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have an increased risk of obesity and short stature. To the authors’ knowledge, data regarding patients treated on contemporary protocols without cranial irradiation are limited.

Methods

Changes in z scores for body mass index (BMI), height, and weight from the time of diagnosis to 5 years off therapy were evaluated using multivariable analysis in 372 children with ALL who were aged 2 to 18 years at the time of diagnosis and were enrolled on the St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital Total XV protocol from 2000 through 2007.

Results

The percentage of overweight/obese patients increased from 25.5% at the time of diagnosis to approximately 50% during the off‐therapy period. Median BMI z scores increased significantly during glucocorticoid therapy (induction: ∆0.56; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.29‐0.64 [P<.001]; and reinduction II: ∆0.22; 95% CI, 0.13‐0.49 [P=.001]) and during the first year after therapy (∆0.18; 95% CI, 0.08‐0.46 [P=.006]). Among patients who were of healthy weight/underweight at the time of diagnosis, those aged 2 to <10 years at diagnosis had a significantly higher risk of becoming overweight/obese during or after therapy compared with those aged ≥10 years (P=.001). Height z scores declined during treatment and improved after therapy. Being aged 2 to <10 years at the time of diagnosis, being of low‐risk status, having a white blood cell count < 50×109/L at the time of diagnosis, and having negative central nervous system disease were associated with significantly better improvements in z scores for height during the off‐therapy period compared with being aged ≥10 years, being of standard‐risk/high‐risk status, having a white blood cell count  ≥ 50×109/L, and having positive central nervous system disease, respectively.

Conclusions

The results of the current study demonstrate that obesity is prevalent, and height growth, especially in patients with identified risk factors, appears compromised. Multidisciplinary intervention should begin during induction therapy and continue during the off‐therapy period.
Phase 1 lead‐in to a phase 2 factorial study of temozolomide plus memantine, mefloquine, and metformin as postradiation adjuvant therapy for newly diagnosed glioblastoma
Authors: Maraka Stefania , Groves Morris D. , Mammoser Aaron G. , Melguizo‐Gavilanes Isaac , Conrad Charles A. , Tremont‐Lukats Ivo W. , Loghin Monica E. , O’Brien Barbara J. , Puduvalli Vinay K. , Sulman Erik P. , Hess Kenneth R. , Aldape Kenneth D. , Gilbert Mark R. , de Groot John F. , Alfred Yung W.K. , Penas‐Prado Marta
Published: October 2018

Background

Repurposed memantine, mefloquine, and metformin have putative anticancer activity. The objective of this phase 1 study was to determine the maximum tolerated doses (MTDs) of combinations of these agents with temozolomide (TMZ).

Methods

Adults with newly diagnosed glioblastoma who completed chemoradiation were eligible. The patients were assigned to receive doublet, triplet, or quadruplet therapy with TMZ combined with mefloquine, memantine, and/or metformin. Dose‐limiting toxicities (DLTs) were determined, using a 3 + 3 study design.

Results

Of 85 enrolled patients, 4 did not complete cycle 1 (the DLT observation period) for nontoxicity reasons, and 81 were evaluable for DLT. The MTDs for doublet therapy were memantine 20 mg twice daily, mefloquine 250 mg 3 times weekly, and metformin 850 mg twice daily. For triplet therapy, the MTDs were memantine 10 mg twice daily, mefloquine 250 mg 3 times weekly, and metformin 850 mg twice daily. For quadruplet therapy, the MTDs were memantine 10 mg twice daily, mefloquine 250 mg 3 times weekly, and metformin 500 mg twice daily. DLTs included dizziness (memantine) and gastrointestinal effects (metformin). Lymphopenia was the most common adverse event (66%). From study entry, the median survival was 21 months, and the 2‐year survival rate was 43%.

Conclusions

Memantine, mefloquine, and metformin can be combined safely with TMZ in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma.
Theoretical and experimental study on the astigmatism self‐compensation in multi‐disk laser resonator based on exhaustive method
Authors: Du Jinyu , Yi Jiayu , Yang Zhongming , Yu Yi , Tu Bo , An Xiangchao
Published: October 2018

In order to improve the quality of multi‐disk laser output beam quality, a theoretical method of astigmatism self‐compensation in multi‐disks resonator is developed based on which the maximization pre‐compensation of static aberration in the multi‐disk laser resonator is realized with the geometrical superposition of the astigmatism coefficient using the exhaustive method. In order to verify the theoretical method, a self‐compensating experiment has designed based on the theoretical method, which shows a clear improvement of the beam quality β.
Model updating and variability analysis of modal parameters for super high‐rise structure
Authors: Ye Xijun , Chen Bingcong
Published: October 2018

For Structural Health Monitoring (SHM), a core prerequisite is to accurately identify the modal properties. Since the dynamic characteristics of a structure change under the effects of different environmental factors such as temperature and wind, it is necessary to determine how the environmental factors affect the modal properties. This study focuses on the Guangzhou new TV tower (GNTVT), which is a 610‐m high structure. Based on the measured data from GNTVT, both the varying patterns of the operational modal parameters under the effects of different environmental factors and the Finite Element Model (FEM) updating based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) had been investigated. Then, using the updated FEM, the effect of the temperature on the modal frequency had been investigated under two situations: (1) Temperature only affects the modulus of elasticity. This situation was considered to be more important because of the significant frequency change. When temperature increases by10°C, the maximum change of modal frequencies is 1%. (2) Temperature only affects the geometric stiffness of structure. This situation was considered to be less important because the change in the frequency is very small which may be ignored. When temperature increases by10°C, the maximum change of modal frequencies is 0.02%. The simulated results were consistent with the measured results.
Retracted: A hybrid feature selection algorithm for microarray data
Authors: Zheng Yuefeng , Li Ying , Wang Gang , Chen Yupeng , Xu Qian , Fan Jiahao , Cui Xueting
Published: October 2018

Retraction: Zheng Y, Li Y, Wang G, et al. A hybrid feature selection algorithm for microarray data. Concurrency Computat Pract Exper. 2018;e4716. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.4716. The above article, published online on 25th October 2018 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal Editor in Chief Professor Geoffrey Fox, and John Wiley and Sons Ltd. The retraction has been agreed as an alternative algorithm was used than that described in the manuscript resulting in foundational errors that are beyond the application of errata.
Distinguish computer generated and digital images: A CNN solution
Authors: He Ming
Published: October 2018

The development of computer graphics has promoted the creation of computer generated images (CG) to a degree of unrivaled realism. It is of benefit to some industries like games and movies, which is aiming at making photo‐realistic images. At the same time, it brought attacks on many vision systems. An artist can modify one fake image using knowledge based on computer graphics to deceive most people, turning this into a very dangerous weapon. It is of great importance to differentiate a photo‐realistic computer generated image from a real photograph (PG). This problem can be modeled as a binary classification problem. Given one image, we just predict a label like “CG” or “PG” on it. To address this classification problem, we propose a method based on convolutional network through transfer learning. We choose VGG and ResNet as our base network structure and develop different models. Current state‐of‐the‐art approaches rely on hand‐crafted feature while we adopt a power convolutional network as an alternative and achieve the state‐of‐the‐art performance. In comparison, our method is end to end and more stable.
Distance variety preserving hashing for large‐scale retrieval
Authors: Zhai Sheping
Published: October 2018

Hashing techniques have been seen huge adoption in large‐scale retrieval owing to the computational and storage efficiencies of binary codes. However, the binary codes might not preserve the semantic similarity powerfully and lead to poor accuracy. To evade binary limitation but remain hashing superiority, this paper introduces a novel asymmetric hashing framework for distance variety preserving, which yields preferable performance via real‐valued query and multi‐valued database with shorter code length. Concretely, a binary sparse representation is proposed for multivalued database encoding to make computation and storage complexity tolerable. By exploiting the supervised information, we learn a projective matrix that project data onto a sub‐space in which the similarity between realvalued query and multi‐valued database can be measured. Due to the discrete constraints, for different discrete variables, we present different meticulous discrete solutions for their sub‐problems. Exhaustive experiments on three multilabel datasets demonstrate our approach outperforms most state‐of‐the‐art hashing methods.
Analysis of an optimal PMU configuration method based on incomplete observation
Authors: Yang Fan , Yan Limei , Xu Jianjun , Li Hongyu
Published: October 2018

PMU configuration in the actual process, due to economic factors, cannot configurate a sufficient number of PMUs to make the system completely observable; this paper studies an optimal PMU placement based on incomplete observation for the given number of PMUs in a grid. After getting configurations, if the solution is not unique, then the system probabilistic reliability index is used as a reference factor to determine the largest value of the probabilistic reliability PMU incremental optimization program, and the CLMCS flow calculation method is used to verify the correctness of selected programs and gives the results of various programs and the number of iterations.
A high‐performance maintenance strategy for stochastic selective maintenance
Authors: Zhao Jing , Liu Jianqi , Zhao Zhenting , Xin Miao , Chen Yu
Published: October 2018

Selective maintenance is often applied in many industrial environments where maintenance is performed between sequence missions. When the mission time is stochastic and there are multiple maintenance workers with different capacities, the system reliability of the next work mission can be maximized by using a stochastic model under the constraint of the limit maintenance time. The optimal maintenance strategy is obtained with an optimization algorithm. A simulation was performed to verify the validity and feasibility of the proposed model.
Improving performance in mobile ad hoc networks by reliable path selection routing using RPS‐LEACH
Authors: M. Anbarasan , S. Prakash , M. Anand , A. Antonidoss
Published: October 2018

Vitality reliant and mobility are the two factors that deplete some measure of energy during the radio communication often occur in Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) among and between the nodes. Since MANET is a decentralized system, it poses to the exploitation of energy during the reliable path selection during routing. Hence, selection of protocol plays a major aspect in MANET for combatting against the energy depletion of nodes, Instable link, mobility character, and load balancing. The RPS‐LEACH protocol is proposed in this paper for the efficient path selection by organizing the nodes into clusters. For each cluster, Cluster Head (CH) is elected based on its strong transmission power and battery life. The Cluster Members (CM) is organized, respectively, based on its ability to respond to its cluster head REQs. Mainly, RPS values are calculated by the two parameters such as (i) successful interactions and (ii) unsuccessful interactions. In the proposed system, RPS (Reliable Path Selection) values are exchanged among the nodes for the reliable path selection by choosing the highest RPS value node for its communication. Hence, by adopting the RPS scheme, the nodes are able to choose the most reliable path for the efficient data transfer by exchanging the RPS values by ignoring the paths that consuming long time to transfer the data. In this procedure, correspondence convention, which comprises imperative impact of vitality liberality of such networks, is addressed. In cases of applications with no predefined or intended infrastructure, this scheme paves way for the versatile hubs to perform as the energy efficient routing nodes. Simulation carried out in NS2 and results shown improved performance when compared with LDTS and RPS‐LEACH.
Crowding and Confinement Can Oppositely Affect Protein Stability
Authors: Cheng Kai , Wu Qiong , Zhang Zeting , Pielak Gary J. , Liu Maili , Li Conggang
Published: October 2018

Proteins encounter crowded and confined macromolecular milieus in living cells. Simple theory predicts that both environments entropically stabilize proteins if only hard‐core repulsive interactions are considered. Recent studies show that chemical interactions between the surroundings and the test protein also play key roles such that the overall effect of crowding or confinement is a balance of hard‐core repulsions and chemical interactions. There are, however, few quantitative studies. Here, we quantify the effects of crowding and confinement on the equilibrium unfolding thermodynamics of a model globular protein, KH1. The results do not agree with predictions from simple theory. KH1 is stabilized by synthetic‐polymer crowding agents but destabilized by confinement in reverse micelles. KH1 is more entropically stabilized and enthalpically destabilized in concentrated solutions of the monomers than it is in solutions of the corresponding polymers. When KH1 is confined in reverse micelles, the temperature of maximum stability decreases, the melting temperature decreases, and the protein is entropically destabilized and enthalpically stabilized. Our results show the importance of chemical interactions to protein folding thermodynamics and imply that cells utilize chemical interactions to tune protein stability.
Newts can normalize duplicated proximal–distal disorder during limb regeneration
Authors: Koriyama Kazuki , Sakagami Risa , Myouga Ayumi , Hayashi Toshinori , Takeuchi Takashi
Published: October 2018

Background: Urodele animals can regenerate their limbs from the blastemas. The previous results of grafting proximal blastemas to distal limb levels (P to D transplantation) led to serial duplication of limb segments. However, it is unknown whether grafting to any distal levels in P to D transplantation causes serial duplication. In other words, it is unknown whether or not newt limbs can normalize such a kind of duplicated type of positional disorder in the proximal–distal axis. Therefore, we grafted the most proximal blastemas to various distal levels of the proximal–distal axis using newts (Pleurodeles waltl). The transgenic newts expressing green fluorescent protein or mCherry were used to clearly distinguish between donor and host tissues. Results: Normal segmental formation without duplication occurred in P to D transplantation within the stylopod. In addition, donor blastemas lost the fates of the stylopods, and the missing portion in the stylopod by amputation was restored by the insertion of host cells. In contrast, the blastemas from the stylopod formed whole limbs after transplantation to the tail. Conclusions: These results showed that urodele limbs can normalize the duplicated type of positional disorder within the stylopod by erasing a part of the fate in the blastemas. Developmental Dynamics 247:1276–1285, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Luminescent Supramolecular Heterometallic Macrocycles and their Encapsulation on Cholate Gels
Authors: Gavara Raquel , Mateos Javier , Sabaté Ferran , Belda Raquel , Llinares José Miguel , García‐España Enrique , Rodríguez Laura
Published: October 2018

The metal complex formed by coordination of ZnII to 1,7‐bis(4‐methylpyridine)‐4‐(2‐naphthylmethyl)‐1,4,7‐triazaheptane (ZnL2+) was reacted in aqueous solution with [Pd(NO3)2(en)] and [Pt(NO3)2(en)] salts to form the self‐assembled heterometallic macrocycles [Zn2L2Pd2(en)2]8+ and [Zn2L2Pt2(en)2]8+, respectively. PdII and PtII‐coordination modulates the original emission of ZnL2+ arising from the presence of the naphthalene chromophore and the formation of the macrocycles can be monitored due to the PET process occurring with coordination of PdII and PtII to the pyridine units of ZnL2+. Additionally, several studies reveal that these heteromacrocycles can be encapsulated in ZnII‐cholate hydrogels giving rise to soft materials with tunable emissive properties. Preliminary analysis show also that the addition of the metallic species in micromole concentration to the cholate hydrogels resulted in an improved mechanical strength of the final materials.
Synthesis, Computational Studies, Inelastic Neutron Scattering, Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy of Ruthenocene
Authors: Parker Stewart F. , Butler Ian R.
Published: October 2018

In this work we report a new and simplified synthesis of ruthenocene that prevents the formation of unwanted by‐products. We have also revisited the vibrational spectroscopy of this iconic molecule and in addition to infrared and variable temperature Raman spectra, we present the first inelastic neutron scattering (INS) spectrum, a technique that is little used in inorganic chemistry. The Raman spectra in the low energy range (< 200 cm–1) clearly show that the mode assigned as the ring–Ru–ring torsion is a librational mode. By generating the INS spectra predicted by previous assignment schemes we are able to show that they are all, at least partially, wrong because they fail to correctly predict the experimental INS spectrum. In the case of ruthenocene, the addition of INS data, in combination with periodic‐DFT calculations, has enabled the first correct assignment of the internal modes of ruthenocene. This straightforward means to test proposed assignments is one of the great strengths of vibrational spectroscopy with neutrons.
Supramolecular Interaction Tuning of Spin‐Crossover in Pyrene/Fullerene (C60) Tethered FeII‐2,6‐Di(pyrazol‐1‐yl)pyridine Complexes: Towards Switchable Molecular Devices
Authors: Kumar Kuppusamy Senthil , Šalitroš Ivan , Suryadevara Nithin , Moreno‐Pineda Eufemio , Ruben Mario
Published: October 2018

A set of functional SCO systems based on FeII‐2,6‐di(pyrazol‐1‐yl)pyridine (BPP), FeII‐BPP, featuring supramolecular pyrene and fullerene (C60) anchoring groups for nanocarbon materials are designed and synthesized. The pyrene tethered complexes [Fe(L1)2](BF4)2 and [Fe(L2)2](BF4)2 comprise structurally different BPP‐pyrene ligand systems L1 (BPP‐COOR, R = –CH2‐pyrene) and L2 [BPP‐CH2OR, R = –OC(CH2)‐pyrene]. The [Fe(L1)2](BF4)2 complex showed gradual and high temperature SCO (T1/2 = ca. 450 K), whereas the [Fe(L2)2](BF4)2 complex remained trapped in the high spin (HS) state in the 300–5 K temperature range. On the other hand, the bulky fullerene (C60) tethered complex, [Fe(L3)2](BF4)2, is HS at 385 K and showed gradual but incomplete SCO, upon cooling, centered at 208 K. The results compiled in this study indicate the dominant role of intermolecular interactions in tuning/blocking SCO in the studied FeII‐BPP complexes, a fact that needs to be carefully weighed while designing functional‐SCO systems.
Abnormalities in the EEG power spectrum in bulimia nervosa, binge‐eating disorder, and obesity: A systematic review
Authors: Blume Marie , Schmidt Ricarda , Hilbert Anja
Published: October 2018

To provide a basis for electroencephalography (EEG) neurofeedback protocols for bulimia nervosa (BN), binge‐eating disorder (BED), and obesity, this systematic review investigates alterations in EEG‐measured brain activity, specifically frequency bands. A systematic literature search with predefined search terms yielded N = 7 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. The risk of bias was assessed for all studies. In resting‐state EEG, the beta activity was elevated in fronto‐central regions in individuals with obesity and co‐morbid BED. In food‐cue conditions, both obese individuals with and without BED showed increased beta activity, suggesting increased awareness of food cues and a heightened attentional focus towards food stimuli. The level of beta activity was positively correlated with eating disorder psychopathology in resting and food‐cue conditions. In individuals with BN, there was no evidence for altered EEG spectral power. The results indicate specific alterations in EEG‐based brain activity in individuals with BED and obesity. More high‐quality studies are needed to further confirm these findings and to transfer them into EEG‐based interventions.
Fire spread from an open‐doors electrical cabinet to neighboring targets in a confined and mechanically ventilated facility
Authors: Zavaleta Pascal , Suard Sylvain , Audouin Laurent
Published: October 2018

Electrical cabinet fire is one of the main fire hazards in nuclear power plants. As part of the OECD PRISME‐2 programme, four fire tests were carried out to investigate the fire spread from an open‐doors electrical cabinet to overhead cable trays and adjacent cabinets in a confined and mechanically ventilated facility. These tests, named CFS‐5 to CFS‐7 and CORE‐6, used same both cabinet (fire source) and three overhead cable trays. The trays were filled with a halogenated flame‐retardant cable‐type for CFS‐5 and one halogen‐free for the three other tests. Moreover, fire dampers were used for CFS‐7 test while CORE‐6 test implemented two additional cabinets adjacent to the fire source. Measurements such as flame and gas temperature, gas concentration, mass loss rate, and heat release rate were performed for investigating the fire spread. Cabinet fire spread to the cable trays for CFS‐5 and CFS‐6 tests. Three fast and short cable tray fires were shown for CFS‐5, while a slow and long cable tray fire was highlighted for CFS‐6. In contrast, the fire dampers shutdown for CFS‐7 test prevented ignition of the overhead cables. Furthermore, for CORE‐6 test, cabinet fire spread to the adjacent cabinets, but the upper cables were not ignited.
Biosorption Potential of Phanerochaete chrysosporium for Arsenic, Cadmium, and Chromium Removal from Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Rudakiya Darshan M. , Iyer Vignesh , Shah Darsh , Gupte Akshaya , Nath Kaushik
Published: October 2018

Efficient degradation of hazardous contaminants from contaminated water is the major challenge for researchers, wherein heavy metals are the prominent contaminants. Consequently, the assessment of multimetal removal is necessary using efficient biosorbant. In this work, the capability of Phanerochaete chrysosporium is evaluated for the individual and simultaneous removal of heavy metals. Individual and simultaneous removal of As, Cd, and Cr is optimized using response surface methodology based on the central composite design by changing the variables, i.e., pH, fungal biomass, and metal concentration. Optimization of the individual metal removal study reveals that fungus effectively absorbs As (29.95 mg L−1), Cd (18.1 mg L−1), and Cr (26.34 mg L−1) at 6.1, 5.64, and 4.15 of pH, respectively. Similarly, As (14.18 mg L−1), Cd (4.53 mg L−1), and Cr (9.28 mg L−1) are absorbed by fungal hyphae simultaneously within 1 h. Changes in the morphology of fungal hyphae are detected in metal absorbed samples as compared to the control hyphae. Interaction of metal‐absorbed fungal hyphae is analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy, revealing that the proteins, carbohydrates, and fatty acids present in the fungal cell are interacted with metals. The model white rot fungi used in the present study can be applied efficiently for the multimetal removal in effluent treatment plants.
AMPA receptors and seizures mediate hippocampal radial glia‐like stem cell proliferation
Authors: Shtaya Anan , Sadek Ahmed‐Ramadan , Zaben Malik , Seifert Gerald , Pringle Ashley , Steinhäuser Christian , Gray William Peter
Published: October 2018

Neurogenesis is sustained throughout life in the mammalian brain, supporting hippocampus‐dependent learning and memory. Its permanent alteration by status epilepticus (SE) is associated with learning and cognitive impairments. The mechanisms underlying the initiation of altered neurogenesis after SE are not understood. Glial fibrillary acidic protein‐positive radial glia (RG)‐like cells proliferate early after SE, but their proliferation dynamics and signaling are largely unclear. We have previously reported a polarized distribution of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) on RG‐like cells in vivo and postulated that these may signal their proliferation. Here, we examined the acute effects of kainate on hippocampal precursor cells in vitro and in kainate‐induced SE on proliferating and quiescent clones of 5‐bromo‐2‐deoxyuridine prelabeled hippocampal precursors in vivo. In vitro, we found that 5 μM kainate shortened the cell cycle time of RG‐like cells via AMPAR activation and accelerated cell cycle re‐entry of their progeny. It also shifted their fate choice expanding the population of RG‐like cells and reducing the population of downstream amplifying neural progenitors. Kainate enhanced the survival of all precursor cell subtypes. Pharmacologically, kainate's proliferative and survival effects were abolished by AMPAR blockade. Functional AMPAR expression was confirmed on RG‐like cells in vitro. In agreement with these observations, kainate/seizures enhanced the proliferation and expansion predominantly of constitutively cycling RG‐like cell clones in vivo. Our results identify AMPARs as key potential players in initiating the proliferation of dentate RG‐like cells and unravel a possible receptor target for modifying the radial glia‐like cell response to SE.