bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improvement of information support of personnel management system on the basis of competence approach and individual career tracking of civil servants
Authors: Altuhova Natal'ya , Belyaev Aleksandr , Bondarenko Vladimir , Vasil'eva Elena , Emel'yanov Vitaliy , Pulyaeva Valentina , Slavin Boris , Yudina Vera
Published: December 2019

The monograph presents approaches to improving information support of the personnel management system based on competence approach and the individual tracking of career civil servants in the context of digitalization of public service, as well as the research results of domestic and international experience information and analytical support to the personnel management systems of the public service taking into account characteristics of professional work standards and application of the ontologies. Methodical recommendations on the formation of competence-qualification model of personnel reserve in the system of the state civil service, methodology of modeling of individual career tracking of civil servants, recommendations on the use and improvement of the software of personnel management of the state civil service are offered.
It is intended for students of economic areas of training, as well as for professionals involved in improving the system of public administration in the Russian Federation.
Exercício com intensidade autosselecionada para idosos: implicações do afeto em aulas comunitárias
Authors: Prado Raul Cosme Ramos , Silveira Rodrigo , Canestri Raul , Coelho-Junior Hélio José , Franco-Alvarenga Paulo Estêvão , Brietzke Cayque , Santos Tony Meireles , Pires Flávio Oliveira , Asano Ricardo Yukio
Published: December 2019

A prescrição da intensidade do exercício de forma autosselecionada em função de maior afeto positivo é uma estratégia utilizada para promover aderência da população na prática de exercícios. Entretanto, ainda não foram investigadas as implicações que essa estratégia pode gerar na valência afetiva de idosos em ambientes não laboratoriais e em aulas em grupos. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar se o exercício com intensidade autosselecionada realizado em grupos de idosos pode influenciar na valência afetiva. A amostra foi composta por 176 idosos, sendo 42 homens, com média de idade 70,70 ± 10,10 anos e 134 mulheres, com média de idade 71,00 ± 6,60 anos. Os idosos vinculados a um centro comunitário reportaram a valência afetiva e percepção subjetiva de esforço após uma caminhada de 30 minutos com intensidade autosselecionada. Os participantes foram alocados em três grupos segundo os tercis de percepção subjetiva de esforço: grupo com baixa (GBPE), média (GMPE) e alta (GAPE) percepção de esforço. Foi identificado que todos grupos se diferenciam entre si na valência afetiva [X² (2) = 50,860; p < 0,05]. A magnitude das diferenças pelo tamanho de efeito foi moderada na análise global (*ES = 0,331) e entre GBPE e GAPE (ES = 0,329). Conclui-se existe uma implicação negativa na valência afetiva em exercício com autosseleção da intensidade realizados por idosos em grupos comunitários, possivelmente causado por fatores psicossociais capazes de influenciar na variabilidade de respostas perceptivas.
Product Return Episodes in Retailing
Authors: Samorani Michele , Alptekinoğlu Aydın , Messinger Paul R.
Published: December 2019

The return of a product is often one of a series of transactions that a consumer undertakes in search of a good. In this article, the authors analyze returns as part of a product search process: Upon returning a product, consumers may immediately purchase an alternative one, which they may later replace with another product, and so on, until they either ultimately keep their last purchase (Keep outcome) or not (No-keep outcome). Such a sequence of transactions is called a “product return episode”. In this work, the authors study consumer Keep and return abuse behavior using episodic metrics. Using data from a consumer electronics retailer, the authors show that analysis of product returns with episodic metrics provides insights that differ from, and go beyond, analyses with commonly-used transactional metrics. They find that although higher average price and larger store assortment at a subcategory level both tend to increase the return probability, they also increase the probability of keeping a product at the end of an episode, which points to profit-improving opportunities for retailers by allowing returns and tracking episodes. They also find that episodic metrics are useful for identifying return abuse.
El exilio como fenómeno transnacional. Marcas del exilio chileno en intelectuales del Reino Unido. Latin American Bureau (1977-2019)
Authors: Bayle Paola Adriana
Published: December 2019

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo aportar a una línea de investigación en torno al exilio en tanto fenómeno transnacional. A partir del análisis del exilio chileno en tierras británicas como consecuencia del golpe militar que derrocó a Salvador Allende (1970-1973), indagaremos en las marcas que este exilio dejó entre quienes se comprometieron en actividades de solidaridad con el pueblo chileno. De manera particular, nos enfocaremos en un emprendimiento editorial nacido en 1977 en Londres, el Latin American Bureau, porque creemos que materializa las transferencias culturales y simbólicas, entre las comunidades exiliadas y las de acogida. Proponemos una mirada que contemple las múltiples aristas en torno al exilio y, en este caso concreto, el impacto que una comunidad forzada a dejar su patria generó en el espacio de recepción
Mabel Assis, uma rosa negra semeando a primavera
Authors: Almeida Magali Da Silva , Gonçalves Renata
Published: December 2019

Homenagem de vida à Mabel Assis
Racismo não dá conta: antinegritude, a dinâmica ontológica e social definidora da modernidade
Authors: Vargas João H. Costa
Published: December 2019

Este artigo propõe que a categoria analítica “racismo” não é adequada para analisar as experiências de pessoas negras, seja no Brasil, seja no restante da diáspora. Por supor que experiências negras e experiências não negras são análogas e, portanto, comensuráveis, o racismo não dá conta da singularidade das experiências negras. De fato, as pessoas negras ocupam uma posição única na constituição das subjetividades modernas. Constituindo as identidades em oposição às quais a Humanidade se define, a pessoa negra é simultaneamente excluída da família humana e absolutamente necessária à constituição dessa mesma família. A antinegritude, ao contrário do racismo, aceita essa proposição como ponto de partida e sugere que a díade fundamental do mundo moderno é “pessoas negras/pessoas não negras”. Essa díade sugere um mundo social planetário muito diferente daquele do racimo. De acordo com o racismo, a díade definidora do mundo social planetário é “pessoas brancas/pessoas não brancas”. Palavras-Chave: racismo; negritude; antinegritude.
The Relationship Between Psychological and Physical Secondary Conditions and Family Caregiver Burden in Spinal Cord Injury: A Correlational Study
Authors: Conti Alessio , Clari Marco , Nolan Maeve , Wallace Eva , Tommasini Marco , Mozzone Silvia , Campagna Sara
Published: December 2019

Background: Caregiver burden (CB) is a consequence of providing care to people with spinal cord injury (SCI). However, there is a lack of clarity about the influence of secondary conditions of care recipients on family caregivers. Secondary conditions refer to the physical and psychological complications that can occur after SCI and lead to increased hospitalization and reduced functionality, quality of life, and social participation. Objective: To assess the impact of physical and psychological secondary conditions of people with SCI on the perceived burden of family caregivers. Methods: A multicenter, cross-sectional study of 56 dyads of family caregivers and individuals with SCI in two urban spinal units in Italy and Ireland. Care recipients completed a toolset consisting of demographic information and assessments of functional, physical, and psychological health. Caregivers completed a multidimensional measure of CB. Bivariate data analysis was used. Results: No significant differences between centers were identified. CB was found to be related to physical secondary conditions and functional independence but not to mental health of care recipients. Bladder dysfunction and urinary tract infections influenced all dimensions of CB, whereas pressure injuries influenced only the time-dependent dimension. Level and completeness of injury and duration of caregiving increased CB. Conclusion: Findings indicate the value of a reduction in secondary conditions not just for individuals with SCI but also for their family caregivers. To reduce the individual and family burden of secondary conditions, a two-pronged, multidimensional approach, focusing on self-management for care recipients and psychoeducational support for caregivers, is required.
Relationship Between Substance Use and the Onset of Spinal Cord Injuries: A Medical Chart Review
Authors: Eldridge Lori Ann , Piatt Jennifer A. , Agley Jon , Gerke Steven
Published: December 2019

Background: Opioid misuse is a leading health care concern within the United States. In many cases, opioid misuse and opioid use disorder are associated with pain, a secondary health condition affecting individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Further, substance use is a known risk factor for SCI, resulting in the potential for a substance-related risk trajectory running from pre- to post-SCI. However, little research has examined substance use prior to SCI since the opioid epidemic began, and so the relative risk of opioids to patients with SCI is unclear. Objective: To determine whether individuals with SCI tested positive for substance use at the time of injury and identify the primary substances used at the time of injury. Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed all medical charts of individuals ages 18 and older who had sustained an SCI during an identified 18-month period and received medical care at a selected level 1 trauma center in the Midwest. Results: Data revealed an 80% combined positive toxicology and/or self-report of substance use immediately prior to the onset of the SCI. Twenty-five percent of males were positive for more than one substance at time of injury. Substances used prior to injury, listed most to least prevalent, were opioids (37.5%), alcohol (25%), marijuana (25%), methamphetamines (12.5%), benzodiazepines (12.5%), followed by cocaine (6.25%) and synthetic cathinone (6.25%). Conclusion: Although opioids were the most common substance used prior to SCI, none of the individuals positive for opioids at the time of injury were identified by the reviewing medical professional as having pain as a secondary health condition either prior to or after injury. However, pain is commonly listed as the primary health concern among individuals living with SCI, and the possibility of opioid use prior to injury likely warrants pain management planning that includes careful pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions.
Spinal Cord Injury Creates Unique Challenges in Diagnosis and Management of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Skelton-Dudley Felicia , Doan James , Suda Katie , Holmes S. Ann , Evans Charlesnika , Trautner Barbara
Published: December 2019

Background: Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality and influences the quality of life of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Objectives: This clinical review aims to highlight the unique surveillance, prevention, diagnosis, and management challenges of CAUTI in the SCI population. Methods: Narrative review of the current literature on catheter use in persons with SCI was conducted to determine gaps in knowledge and opportunities for improvement. Results: Surveillance of CAUTI is challenging in the SCI population as the ability to detect symptoms used to diagnose CAUTI (ie, suprapubic pain, dysuria) is impaired. In terms of prevention of CAUTI, current strategies refocus on appropriate catheter insertion and care and early removal of catheters, which is not always feasible for persons with SCI. Prophylactic antibiotics, nutraceuticals, and coated catheters show limited efficacy in infection prevention. Diagnosing CAUTI after SCI is challenging, often resulting in an overdiagnosis of CAUTI when truly asymptomatic bacteriuria exists. In the management of CAUTI in patients with SCI, the use of multiple antibiotics over time in an individual increases the rate of multidrug-resistant organisms; therefore, the exploration of novel non-antibiotic treatments is of importance. The patient experience should be at the center of all these efforts. Conclusion: Better diagnostic tools or biomarkers are needed to define true CAUTI in people with SCI. SCI-specific evidence to inform catheter management and CAUTI treatment guidelines is needed, with the goal to minimize catheter-related harm, reduce antibiotic resistance, and improve satisfaction and overall quality of life for SCI patients.
The future of radiotherapy and immunotherapy concomitantly in cancer management
Authors: Sekarutami Sri Mutya , Handoko
Published: December 2019

Immunotherapy is a developing field in cancer treatment. Immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors has been successful in treating patients with metastatic disease, as well as patients who are refractory to standard treatments. Although immunotherapy has yielded considerably positive outcomes, its clinical benefits are limited to a small subset of patients. A combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy has been shown to provide greater clinical benefits to more patients. Radiation, particularly hypofractionated radiation with stereotactic radiosurgery or stereotactic body radiotherapy, works by priming T cells, upregulating proinflammatory chemokines, and increasing the immunogenicity of tumor cells. Tumor cells develop immunosuppressive mechanisms that protect them from attack by the immune system. Immunotherapy works by disrupting the ability of tumor cells to setup these defenses. When combined with radiotherapy, it can synergistically enhance tumor cell death via cytotoxic T cells, thus causing systemic tumor regression and generating better clinical response.
Socio-economic position at four time points across the life course and all-cause mortality: updated results from the Uppsala Birth Cohort Multigenerational Study
Authors: Heshmati Amy , Mishra Gita D , Goodman Anna , Koupil Ilona
Published: December 2019

Socio-economic position (SEP) is associated with all-cause mortality across all stages of the life course; however, it is valuable to distinguish at what time periods SEP has the most influence on mortality. Our aim was to investigate whether the effect of SEP on all-cause mortality accumulates over the life course or if some periods of the life course are more important. Our study population were from the Uppsala Birth Cohort Multigenerational Study, born 1915–29 at Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden. We followed 3,951 men and 3,601 women who had SEP at birth available, during childhood (at age ten), in adulthood (ages 30–45) and in later life (ages 50–65) from 15 September 1980 until emigration, death or until 31 December 2010. We compared a set of nested Cox proportional regression models, each corresponding to a specific life course model (critical, sensitive and accumulation models), to a fully saturated model, to ascertain which model best describes the relationship between SEP and mortality. Analyses were stratified by gender. For both men and women the effect of SEP across the life course on all-cause mortality is best described by the sensitive period model, whereby being advantaged in later life (ages 50–65 years) provides the largest protective effect. However, the linear accumulation model also provided a good fit of the data for women suggesting that improvements in SEP at any stage of the life course corresponds to a decrease in all-cause mortality.
Family relationships and internet abuse in 25 European countries
Authors: Rivera Reynaldo G. , Santos David , Grau Grau Marc , DeRose Laurie F.
Published: December 2019

The aim of this article is to understand the link between family relationships and internet abuse (IA) using a sample of 18,709 children in 25 European countries. Our results suggest that family relationships are a significant predictor of IA – even when controlling for other significant individual and country-level factors. According to our results, children in two-parent families were less likely to have IA than children in other types of homes, but their advantage seems to derive from having better family dynamics (manifest in more communicative and less autonomous lifestyles) rather than family structure as such. Moreover, the importance of family structure with respect to IA is mediated by children’s relational lifestyles. This suggests that positive parenting characterised by high levels of dialogue may work as a protective factor of IA. We also identified sociodemographic risk factors: IA is more common among older and male children, those with lower levels of self-efficacy, and those living in large cities. The specific components of advantageous relational lifestyles can guide interventions to protect children from IA.
Dual-camera snapshot spectral imaging with a pupil-domain optical diffuser and compressed sensing algorithms
Authors: Hauser Jonathan , Golub Michael A. , Averbuch Amir , Nathan Menachem , Zheludev Valery A. , Kagan Michael
Published: December 2019

We propose a snapshot spectral imaging method for the visible spectral range using two digital cameras placed side-by-side: a regular red–green–blue (RGB) camera and a monochromatic camera equipped with a dispersive diffractive diffuser placed at the pupil of the imaging lens. While spectral imaging was shown to be feasible using a single monochromatic camera with a pupil diffuser [Appl. Opt. 55, 432 (2016)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.55.000432], adding an RGB camera provides more spatial and spectral information for stable reconstruction of the spectral cube of a scene. Results of optical experiments confirm that the combined data from the two cameras relax the complexity of the underdetermined reconstruction problem and improve the reconstructed image quality obtained using compressed sensing-based algorithms.
Matrix algorithm for 3D nonparaxial optical field modeling under arbitrary spatial coherence
Authors: Castañeda Román , Laverde Julián , Moreno Jaime
Published: December 2019

Nonparaxial modeling of optical field propagation at distances comparable to the wavelength and under arbitrary spatial coherence is crucial for micro- and nano-optics. Fourier and Fresnel transform-based algorithms are unable to simulate it accurately because of their paraxial approach. A nonparaxial matrix algorithm, supported by the theoretical model that characterizes the optical field and the setup configuration in terms of sets of real and virtual point emitters, is capable of simulating the 3D optical field distribution in the volume delimited by the input and the output planes placed at a very short distance from each other by using experimental data as entries. The algorithm outcomes are accurate predictions of the power spectrum of interference and diffraction experiments. Simulations of specific experimental situations, including speckle phenomena, illustrate the algorithm’s capabilities.
Liquid-level sensing method based on differential pulse-width pair Brillouin optical time-domain analysis and a self-heated high attenuation fiber
Authors: Zhang Hongying , Cheng Yifu , Wu Kaiji , Yuan Zhijun , Dong Yongkang
Published: December 2019

A liquid-level sensing method based on differential pulse-width pair Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (DPP-BOTDA) combining with a self-heated high attenuation fiber (HAF) is proposed, where the principle is to locate the temperature abruption position at the interface between liquid and air caused by their different thermal diffusion rates. A Panda polarization-maintaining fiber is used as the sensing optical fiber, which is tightly glued alongside a laser-powered HAF. Heated by a high-power laser, the temperature of the HAF can increase and exhibits approximately exponential attenuation with the light propagation direction, which induces a similar temperature distribution over the sensing fiber. By using a 5-cm spatial resolution DPP-BOTDA and a 1.4-W heating light, temperature distributions of the sensing fiber are measured for different water levels, and the results indicate that distributed liquid-level sensing with a range of 20 cm and a resolution of 1 cm is realized using our method.
Growth and characterization of Sc2O3 doped Ta2O5 thin films
Authors: Fazio Mariana , Yang Le , Markosyan Ashot , Bassiri Riccardo , Fejer Martin M. , Menoni Carmen S.
Published: December 2019

We present the optical and structural characterization of films of

T
a

2

O

5

,

S
c

2

O

3

, and

S
c

2

O

3

doped

T
a

2

O

5

with a cation ratio around 0.1 grown by reactive sputtering. The addition of

S
c

2

O

3

as a dopant induces the formation of tantalum suboxide due to the “oxygen getter” property of scandium. The presence of tantalum suboxide greatly affects the optical properties of the coating, resulting in higher absorption loss at

λ
=
1064

n
m

. The refractive index and optical band gap of the mixed film do not correspond to those of a mixture of

T
a

2

O

5

and

S
c

2

O

3

, given the profound structural modifications induced by the dopant.
Implementation of the extended Kalman filter for determining the optical and geometrical properties of turbid layered media by time-resolved single distance measurements
Authors: Baez Guido R. , García Héctor , Grosenick Dirk , Wabnitz Heidrun
Published: December 2019

In this article we propose an implementation of the extended Kalman filter (EKF) for the retrieval of optical and geometrical properties in two-layered turbid media assuming a dynamic setting, where absorption of each layer was changed in different steps. Prior works implemented the EKF in frequency-domain with several pairs of light sources and detectors and for static parameters estimation problems. Here we explore the use of the EKF in single distance, time-domain measurements, together with a corresponding forward model. Results show good agreement between retrieved and nominal values, with rather narrow analytical credibility intervals, indicating that the recovery process has low uncertainty, especially for the absorption coefficients.
Identifying different types of microorganisms with terahertz spectroscopy
Authors: Yoon S. A. , Cha S. H. , Jun S. W. , Park S. J. , Park J.-Y. , Lee S. , Kim H. S. , Ahn Y. H.
Published: December 2019

Most microbial detection techniques require pretreatment, such as fluorescent labeling and cultivation processes. Here, we propose novel tools for classifying and identifying microorganisms such as molds, yeasts, and bacteria based on their intrinsic dielectric constants in the THz frequency range. We first measured the dielectric constant of films that consisted of a wide range of microbial species, and extracted the values for the individual microbes using the effective medium theory. The dielectric constant of the molds was 1.24–1.85, which was lower than that of bacteria ranging from 2.75–4.11. The yeasts exhibited particularly high dielectric constants reaching 5.63–5.97, which were even higher than that of water. These values were consistent with the results of low-density measurements in an aqueous environment using microfluidic metamaterials. In particular, a blue shift in the metamaterial resonance occurred for molds and bacteria, whereas the molds have higher contrast relative to bacteria in the aqueous environment. By contrast, the deposition of the yeasts induced a red shift because their dielectric constant was higher than that of water. Finally, we measured the dielectric constants of peptidoglycan and polysaccharides such as chitin, α-glucan, and β-glucans (with short and long branches), and confirmed that cell wall composition was the main cause of the observed differences in dielectric constants for different types of microorganisms.
Comparing strategies for deep astigmatism-based single-molecule localization microscopy
Authors: Siemons Marijn , Cloin Bas M. C. , Salas Desiree M. , Nijenhuis Wilco , Katrukha Eugene A. , Kapitein Lukas C.
Published: December 2019

Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) enables fluorescent microscopy with nanometric resolution. While localizing molecules close to the coverslip is relatively straightforward using high numerical aperture (NA) oil immersion (OI) objectives, optical aberrations impede SMLM deeper in watery samples. Adaptive optics (AO) with a deformable mirror (DM) can be used to correct such aberrations and to induce precise levels of astigmatism to encode the z-position of molecules. Alternatively, the use of water immersion (WI) objectives might be sufficient to limit the most dominant aberrations. Here we compare SMLM at various depths using either WI or OI with or without AO. In addition, we compare the performance of a cylindrical lens and a DM for astigmatism-based z-encoding. We find that OI combined with adaptive optics improves localization precision beyond the performance of WI-based imaging and enables deep (>10 µm) 3D localization.
Cusp-artifacts in high order superresolution optical fluctuation imaging
Authors: Yi Xiyu , Weiss Shimon
Published: December 2019

Superresolution optical fluctuation imaging (SOFI) is a simple and affordable super-resolution imaging technique, and attracted a growing community over the past decade. However, the theoretical resolution enhancement of high order SOFI is still not fulfilled. In this study, we identify “cusp artifacts” in high order SOFI images, and show that the high-order cumulants, odd-order moments and balanced-cumulants (bSOFI) are highly vulnerable to cusp artifacts. Our study provides guidelines for developing and screening for fluorescence probes, and improving data acquisition for SOFI. The new insight is important to inspire positive utilization of the cusp artifacts.
Subtraction method via phase mask enables contrast enhancement in scanned Bessel light-sheet microscopy
Authors: Deng Suhui , Wang Peng , Zhang Yulong , Zhou Huilin , Yang Jianzhong , Liu Mingping
Published: December 2019

We report on the generation of a hollow Bessel beam with a hole along the direction of propagation by using an easy-to-implement phase mask and investigate its effectiveness to reduce the out-of-focus background in light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) with scanned Bessel beams by subtraction imaging. Overlaying

π

-phase retardation between the two equal parts of the Bessel beam across the entrance pupil of the objective lens, a hollow Bessel beam with zero intensity at the focal plane can be achieved. By optimizing the numerical aperture of the annular mask applied in the hollow Bessel beam, matched distributions of the ring system between the hollow Bessel beam and the conventional Bessel beam are achieved. By subtraction between the two LSFM images, the out-of-focus blur caused by the ring system of the Bessel beam can be significantly reduced. Comparison with conventional Bessel LSFM images exhibits a better sectioning capability and higher contrast.
Multibeam ptychography with synchrotron hard X-rays
Authors: Hirose Makoto , Higashino Takaya , Ishiguro Nozomu , Takahashi Yukio
Published: December 2019

We report the first demonstration of multibeam ptychography using synchrotron hard X-rays, which can enlarge the field of view of the reconstructed image of objects by efficiently using partially coherent X-rays. We measured the ptychographic diffraction patterns of a Pt test sample and MnO particles using three mutually incoherent coherent beams with a high intensity that were produced by using both the multiple slits and a pair of focusing mirrors. We successfully reconstructed the phase map of the samples at a spatial resolution of 25 nm in a field of view about twice as wide as that in the single-beam ptychography. We also computationally simulated a feasible experimental setup using random modulators to further enlarge the field of view by increasing the number of available beams. The present method has the potential to enable the high spatial resolution and large field-of-view observation of specimens in materials science and biology.
Potential of active multispectral lidar for detecting low reflectance targets
Authors: Kaasalainen Sanna , Malkamäki Tuomo
Published: December 2019

The calibration and sampling of the multispectral Light Detection and Ranging (lidar) intensity is still challenging because the data acquisition has to be optimized for simultaneous 3D measurement, and the intensity retrieval methods need to be fast to enable real-time detection. We have studied the spectral measurement of low reflectance targets with an 8-channel hyperspectral lidar with improved waveform sampling and sensitivity, which now allow the detection of spectral differences even at low reflectance values. Our initial analysis resulted in a classification accuracy greater than 80%, which indicates that the multispectral lidar is able to detect the small differences in target spectral properties when reflectance at two or more channels is compared at the same time.
Optimized Ge-As-Se-Te chalcogenide glass fiber sensor with polydopamine-coated tapered zone for the highly sensitive detection of p-xylene in waters
Authors: Su Jingxiang , Dai Shixun , Gan Ning
Published: December 2019

A novel Ge-As-Se-Te chalcogenide glass (ChG)-tapered fiber (ChG-TF) sensor for detecting environmentally relevant organic pollutants with p-xylene as the model was investigated. The prominent design feature of the sensor is that its tapered zone was coated with a polydopamine membrane by a facile in situ self-polymerization process. As the tapered zone exposed to the aqueous sample, the p-xylene molecules would be enriched into the polydopamine coating. The detection limit for p-xylene aqueous solution obtained by the polydopamine-coated sensor was decreased to 50 µg/mL, which was approximately 2.5% that of the uncoated one. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first report of a polymer membrane coating, which can significantly enhance the sensitivity of the ChG-TF sensor. The straightforward test features and the capacity of the sensor to detect organic pollutants with as low as ppm range revealed that this sensor has great potential for online, in situ environmental qualification.
Real-time transition dynamics between multi-pulsing states in a mode-locked fiber laser
Authors: Zeng Junjie , Sander Michelle Y.
Published: December 2019

We experimentally studied the transition dynamics between consecutive multi-pulsing states, specifically the build-up and annihilation of soliton pulses between a double pulsing and a three-pulse state, utilizing the dispersive Fourier transform technique. The birth of an additional pulse in a mode-locked soliton fiber laser in a multi-pulsing regime arises from a dispersive wave-induced narrow-band pulse that experiences strong intensity fluctuations, while the other soliton pulses maintain their shapes. During the decaying process to a double pulsing state, it is observed that all the pulses undergo a unique breathing behavior before settling into a steady state.
Time-resolved investigation of the optical phase change as a potential diagnostics tool for extreme-ultraviolet free-electron-laser pump and optical probe experiments
Authors: Tkachenko Victor , Toleikis Sven , Lipp Vladimir , Ziaja Beata , Teubner Ulrich
Published: December 2019

Measurement of transient optical properties (reflectivity and transmissivity) is performed widely in extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) pump–optical probe experiments to study the transient state of irradiated materials. In order to extend the material diagnostics, here we propose an additional measurement of the transient phase change of the optical probe pulse. It can be recorded in parallel to other transient optical properties, enabling access to full information on the complex refractive index and thickness of the radiation-modified material layer. The latter is essential for investigations of phase transitions progressing in XUV (and x-ray) irradiated materials. We perform a computational study that clearly shows that the measurement of the optical phase from a probe pulse at correctly tuned pulse parameters can provide a signal strong enough to extract information on transient material properties. The calculations suggest that in some cases, it is even more preferable to measure the transient phase change than other optical parameters. Such phase measurement, feasible with modern experimental setups, can then be a basis for an improved diagnostics tool for the temporal characteristics of an ultrashort XUV pulse.
Thin-film tunable bandpass filter for spectral shift detection in surface plasmon resonance sensors
Authors: Kuo Wen-Kai , Lin Wei-Shin , Yang Shi-Wei
Published: December 2019

This Letter proposes the use of a thin-film tunable bandpass filter (TTBF) as an accurate absorption spectral shift detector in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors. The passband central wavelength of the TTBF can be tuned by changing the incident angle. A single TTBF is required to filter two passbands with central wavelengths on the falling and rising curves of the SPR absorption spectrum. The spectral shift can then be converted to the differential intensity change of these two TTBF output beams using the differential detectors to eliminate the common-mode noise. This method can perform a high-resolution sensing for the refractive index change in the SPR sensor surface without using high-performance spectrometers. A grating-coupled SPR sensor was used in the experiment system and achieved a detection resolution of

6.99

×

10

−
6

refractive index unit.
Single crystal diamond pyramids for applications in nanoscale quantum sensing
Authors: Batzer Marietta , Shields Brendan , Neu Elke , Widmann Claudia , Giese Christian , Nebel Christoph , Maletinsky Patrick
Published: December 2019

We present a new approach combining top down fabrication and bottom up overgrowth to create diamond photonic nanostructures in the form of single-crystalline diamond nanopyramids. Our approach relies on diamond nanopillars, that are overgrown with single-crystalline diamond to form pyramidal structures oriented along crystal facets. To characterize the photonic properties of the pyramids, color centers are created in a controlled way using ion implantation and annealing. We find very high collection efficiency from color centers close to the pyramid apex. We further show excellent smoothness and sharpness of our diamond pyramids with measured tip radii on the order of 10 nm. Our results offer interesting prospects for nanoscale quantum sensing using diamond color centers, where our diamond pyramids could be used as scanning probes for nanoscale imaging. There, our approach would offer significant advantages compared to the cone-shaped scanning probes which define the current state of the art.
Mid-infrared waveguiding in three-dimensional microstructured optical waveguides fabricated by femtosecond-laser writing and phosphoric acid etching
Authors: Lv Jinman , Hong Binbin , Tan Yang , Chen Feng , Rodríguez Vázquez de Aldana Javier , Wang Guo Ping
Published: December 2019

We fabricated a three-dimensional microstructured optical waveguide (MOW) in a single-crystal using femtosecond-laser writing and phosphoric acid etching techniques, and observed excellent midinfrared waveguiding performance with low loss of

∼
0.5
  
dB
/
cm

. Tracks with a periodic arrangement were written inside the yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) crystal via femtosecond laser inscription, and then etched by the phosphoric acid (

H
3

PO
4

) to form hollow structures. The evolution of the microstructure of tracks was investigated in detail. The function of the MOW was analyzed by different numerical methods, indicating the proposed MOW can effectively operate in quasi-single-mode pattern in the midinfrared wavelength range, which agrees well with our experiment results.
The art of keeping time
Authors: Quigley Paula
Published: December 2019

Like the protagonist, both the short story and the short film are subject to the demand to arrive 'on time'. Violently freed from the imperatives of conventional storytelling, this film considers the moment when the laws of time and language fall away in favour of an eternal 'they is'.
Bullet sized
Authors: March-Russell Paul
Published: December 2019

Taking as a touchstone A. L. Kennedy's observation about the disproportionate impact of the short story compared to its size, this article explores the extent to which David Von Ancken's adaptation of Tobias Wolff's text finds, via montage and perspective, a cinematic analogue to the aesthetic form of the short story.
What is innovation? New lessons from biology
Authors: Martínez Sergio F.
Published: December 2019

During the 19thcentury, evolutionary models of innovation followed a famous thesis of continuity, according to which methods and explanatory patterns of biology should have an important say in the social sciences. In the 20th century, this thesis was considered unacceptable as part of the sharp separation of biology from the social sciences. Recent advances in the biological sciences suggest a way in which a version of the thesis of continuity can be reinstated, to suggest new ways of explaining innovation in the social sciences. Key kinds of innovation can be explained in terms of the evolution of robust complex systems, interpreted as processes of path creation.
Jan Swammerdam and the limits of preformationism
Authors: Escribano Cabeza Miguel
Published: December 2019

This paper takes an organicist perspective of Jan Swammerdam’s conception of metamorphis which allows us to identify a continuity betweem W. Harvey’s epigenetism and G.W. Leibniz’ preformationism – two historically opposed perspectives. In line with this reading, I provide a critical assessment of the different preformationist interpretations of Swammerdam. The thesis that I defend in this paper is that the idea of preformation does not imply so much a theory about the origin of the embryo but a model of ontogenetic development that cannot be catalogued as mechanistic or as vitalist.
Peningkatan Kebahagiaan Lansia dengan Pelatihan Relaksasi Dzikir di Rumah Pelayanan Sosial Lanjut Usia Terlantar Budhi Dharma
Authors: Dwi Karisna Nadia , Pihasniwati Pihasniwati
Published: December 2019

Elderly happiness can be influenced by the religious factor. Participation in religious activities is also an important factor to improve elderly happiness. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of Dzikir Relaxation Training to increase happiness at derelict elderly social services home Budhi Dharma Yogyakarta. The hypothesis of this research is Dzikir Relaxation Training can increase elder happiness at derelict elderly social services home Budhi Dharma Yogyakarta. The participants of this research were 10 elders who are 61-86 years old and have low until a medium score of happiness. This research uses one group pre-test post-test design. Data were collected using the Likert scale made by the researchers. The intervention consists of three sessions with 60 minutes for every session. Data were analyzed by Friedman’s technique through SPSS (version). Data analysis shows score Chi-square 15.80 (p<0.0001), it is indicated the dzikir relaxation training to improve elderly happiness.      Kebahagiaan lansia salah satunya dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor agama. Partisipasi dalam kegiatan keagamaan juga menjadi faktor penting untuk meningkatkan kebahagiaan lanjut usia (lansia). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh relaksasi dzikir dalam meningkatkan kebahagiaan lansia di Rumah Pelayanan Sosial Lanjut Usia Terlantar (RPSLUT) Budhi Dharma Yogyakarta. Hipotesis penelitian ini adalah pelatihan relaksasi dzikir mampu meningkatkan kebahagiaan lansia di Rumah Pelayanan Sosial Lanjut Usia Terlantar Budhi Dharma Yogyakarta. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah 10 orang lanjut usia yang berusia antara 61-86 tahun dan memiliki skor kebahagiaan dalam tingkat sedang hingga rendah. Desain penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah one group pre-test post-test. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan skala likert yang disusun oleh peneliti. Intervensi dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari tiga sesi dengan waktu 60 menit setiap sesinya. Analisis data penelitian menggunakan teknik Friedman’s test untuk menguji perbedaan skor antara pre-test, post-tes dan follow up. Hasil analisis menunjukkan skor Chi-square sebesar 15.80 (p<.0001) mengindikasikan bahwa pelatihan relaksasi dzikir terbukti dapat meningkatkan kebahagiaan lansia.
Teknologi Garam Palung sebagai Warisan Sejarah Masyarakat Pesisir di Bali
Authors: Rochwulaningsih, M.Si. Yety , Utama Mahendra Pudji , Sulistiyono Singgih Tri
Published: December 2019

This article aims to discuss the existence of palung salt technology as a variant of traditional solar evaporation-based salt production technology. This technology is very typical and has been used for generations by salt farmers in Bali, especially at Amed in Karangasem, Tejakula in Buleleng, and Kusamba in Klungkung. Historical and sociological method is used in this research. Palung salt technology is a historical inheritance that still functions as a cultural memory and therefore becomes a pattern for the actions of salt farmers in the three petasikan until recent time. However, since the beginning of the 21st century the preservation of palung salt technology have been faced a serious threat as a result of the inclusion of new technologies in the salt production process and especially by the growing tourism industry in palung salt production area. But, there is the awareness of stakeholders who need to preserve the technology by conducting various activities. Although carried out in a fragmentary method, efforts to preserve palung salt technology have become a shared awareness among stakeholders in the salt economy in Bali.
Extent and financial cost of cassava postharvest loss along the cassava value chain in Kwara State, Nigeria
Authors: DANILOLA Samuel Temitope , BABATUNDE Raphael , ANIMASHAUN Jubril
Published: December 2019

Cassava has been identified as Africa’s second most important staple food after maize, in terms of calories consumed, with Nigeria as the World leading producer. This study estimated postharvest loss of cassava along the cassava value chain in Kwara State. It estimated the size of postharvest loss of cassava; analysed the factors responsible and the financial implications of loss; and identified the strategies employed in the mitigation of loss in the study area. A three-stage random sampling technique was used to select 117 cassava farmers whom were administered structured questionnaire to elicit data analysed by the study. Descriptive statistics, Shannon’s diversity index and Tobit regression model were the analytical techniques utilised. The results show that 68 % of the loss occurred at the harvesting. The loss was estimated to be about 3.8 t ha-1. The financial implication was valued at $ 300 ha-1. Analysis of the factors responsible for cassava postharvest loss showed that the quantity expected at harvesting, household size and age of the farmer were significant factors affecting cassava postharvest loss. The result also revealed that farmers mitigate these losses by processing the roots and reburying unused roots into the soil. Steps needed to reduce loss have to take these factors into consideration to improve the economic status of cassava farmers-processors.
Bound phenolic compounds of whole cereals grain as a functional food component: part one
Authors: TERPINC Petra
Published: December 2019

Numerous metabolic diseases are nowadays associated with an unbalanced energy-rich diet, depleted from dietary fibers and other protective bioactive compounds. Given the limited success of therapeutic interventions to treat obesity and the metabolic syndrome, there has been an increased interest in other strategies. In part one, the focus is made on a role of whole cereals grain in diet, the most important bioactive components and their distribution in grains. We find out, that bran, a by-product of the grain processing industry, represents an unexploited source of phenolic compounds. Their biosynthesis takes place on the endoplasmic reticulum and other plant organelles from which they are transported to other cellular compartments. Deamination, hydroxylation and methylation are the main reactions involved in the formation of hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids. Special emphasis is made on phenolic compounds which remain in the solid residue after aqueous-organic solvent extraction. Non-extractable phenolic compounds are covalently bound to the cell wall materials, consequently the amount of bioactive compounds in cereals are often underestimated. Ferulic acid, as the most important representative, may acts against disorders related to oxidative stress, including cancer, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. Insoluble bound phenolic compounds are not degraded in the digestive tract, they are absorbed into the bloodstream as different metabolites after they are subjected to fermentation by the intestinal microflora. Adequate consumption of bound phenolic compounds can lead to improve antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and there are many evidences suggesting their role in intestinal diseases prevention.
Changes of antioxidant enzymes in ‘Thomson-Navel’ orange during induction of resistance to green mold (Penicillium digitatum (Pers.) Sacc.) as provoked by jasmonic acid, epibrassinolide, chitosan and cinnamon essential oil
Authors: ALIJOO Behrooz , ABDOSSI Vahid , ZARRINNIA Vahid , KALATEH JARI Sepideh , CHAMANI Mohamad
Published: December 2019

Pathogenic agents are one of the causes of post-harvest citrus fruit loss. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of post-harvest treatments with jasmonic acid (ja), epibrassinolide (epiBL), chitosan (chi) and cinnamon essential oil (cin) on induction of resistance to the citrus green mold (Penicillium digitatum (Pers.) Sacc.) and reduction of fungal growth by improving the activity of some antioxidant enzymes in ‘Thomson-Navel’orange. For this purpose, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design. Treatments included positive and negative control, jasmonic acid (5, 10, 20 and 40 μl l-1), epibrassinolide (1, 4, 7 and 10 μmol l-1), chitosan (2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 g l-1) and cinnamon essential oil (250, 500, 750 and 1000 ppm). Characteristics such as lesion diameter and activities of antioxidant enzymes including SOD, APX, CAT and POD were evaluated for a period of 96 hours with 24 hour intervals. The results indicated that all treatments significantly decreased the lesion diameter of fruits. Consequently, chitosan treatments (7.5 and 10 g l-1) and cinnamon essential oil (750 and 1000 ppm) inhibited the spread of fungal infection better than other treatments, and therefore reduced the growth of green mold. Also, different concentrations of (ja) and (chi) increased the activity of SOD and APX enzymes, while different concentrations of (epiBR) and (cin) stimulated the activity of POD and CAT enzymes. Finally, the present study proposes using natural products as an appropriate alternative to fungicides in order to reduce the citrus green mold rot
Quality of commitment: Japanese daroo as a speech act operator
Authors: Rieser Lukas
Published: December 2019

This paper proposes a compositional analysis of the meaning of Japanese daroo-utterances with declarative and interrogative force, and final rising and falling intonation. Daroo is analyzed in a framework for speech act felicity as an operator lowering the quality threshold for felicitous assertion. The conveyed meanings of conjecture, confirmation, and doubt uses of darooutterances are predicted from modification of the respective speech act types’ felicity conditions by daroo.