bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HIV-1 Envelope Glycosylation and the Signal Peptide
Authors: Lambert Gregory S. , Upadhyay Chitra
Published: February 2021

The RV144 trial represents the only vaccine trial to demonstrate any protective effect against HIV-1 infection. While the reason(s) for this protection are still being evaluated, it serves as justification for widespread efforts aimed at developing new, more effective HIV-1 vaccines. Advances in our knowledge of HIV-1 immunogens and host antibody responses to these immunogens are crucial to informing vaccine design. While the envelope (Env) protein is the only viral protein present on the surface of virions, it exists in a complex trimeric conformation and is decorated with an array of variable N-linked glycans, making it an important but difficult target for vaccine design. Thus far, efforts to elicit a protective humoral immune response using structural mimics of native Env trimers have been unsuccessful. Notably, the aforementioned N-linked glycans serve as a component of many of the epitopes crucial for the induction of potentially protective broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). Thus, a greater understanding of Env structural determinants, most critically Env glycosylation, will no doubt be of importance in generating effective immunogens. Recent studies have identified the HIV-1 Env signal peptide (SP) as an important contributor to Env glycosylation. Further investigation into the mechanisms by which the SP directs glycosylation will be important, both in the context of understanding HIV-1 biology and in order to inform HIV-1 vaccine design.
Distribution of Groundwater Arsenic in Uruguay Using Hybrid Machine Learning and Expert System Approaches
Authors: Wu Ruohan , Alvareda Elena , Polya David , Blanco Gonzalo , Gamazo Pablo
Published: February 2021

Groundwater arsenic in Uruguay is an important environmental hazard, hence, predicting its distribution is important to inform stakeholders. Furthermore, occurrences in Uruguay are known to variably show dependence on depth and geology, arguably reflecting different processes controlling groundwater arsenic concentrations. Here, we present the distribution of groundwater arsenic in Uruguay modelled by a variety of machine learning, basic expert systems, and hybrid approaches. A pure random forest approach, using 26 potential predictor variables, gave rise to a groundwater arsenic distribution model with a very high degree of accuracy (AUC = 0.92), which is consistent with known high groundwater arsenic hazard areas. These areas are mainly in southwest Uruguay, including the Paysandú, Río Negro, Soriano, Colonia, Flores, San José, Florida, Montevideo, and Canelones departments, where the Mercedes, Cuaternario Oeste, Raigón, and Cretácico main aquifers occur. A hybrid approach separating the country into sedimentary and crystalline aquifer domains resulted in slight material improvement in a high arsenic hazard distribution. However, a further hybrid approach separately modelling shallow (<50 m) and deep aquifers (>50 m) resulted in the identification of more high hazard areas in Flores, Durazno, and the northwest corner of Florida departments in shallow aquifers than the pure model. Both hybrid models considering depth (AUC = 0.95) and geology (AUC = 0.97) produced improved accuracy. Hybrid machine learning models with expert selection of important environmental parameters may sometimes be a better choice than pure machine learning models, particularly where there are incomplete datasets, but perhaps, counterintuitively, this is not always the case.
Influence of Gully Land Consolidation on Phreatic Water Transformation in the Loess Hilly and Gully Region
Authors: Guo Zihao , Gao Jianen , Sun Pengcheng , Dou Shaohui , Li Juan , Lou Xianyong , Wang Hong , Ahmad Rafiq , Gao Zhe
Published: February 2021

Gully Land Consolidation (GLC) is a proven method to create farmlands and increase crop yields in the Loess Hilly and Gully Region, China. However, GLC influences phreatic water transformation and might cause the farmlands water disasters, such as salinization and swamping. For exploring the influence of GLC on phreatic water transformation and mitigating disasters, a series of indoor experiments were conducted in the artificial rainfall hall. Then, we simulated the phreatic water transformation patterns under more conditions with HYDRUS-3D. Finally, an engineering demonstration in the field was performed to validate our research. The indoor experiments indicated that GLC could increase phreatic water outflow rate 4.39 times and phreatic water coefficient (PWC) 2.86 times with a considerable delay. After calibration and validation with experimental data, the HYDRUS-3D was used to simulate phreatic water transformation under more soil thickness and rainfall intensities. Accordingly, we summarized the relationship among PWC, rainfall intensities, and soil thickness, and therefore suggested a blind ditch system to alleviate farmlands disasters. Field application showed that a blind ditch system could avoid disasters with 3.2 times the phreatic water transformation rate compared to loess. Our research provides implications for sustainable land uses and management in the region with thick soil covers.
On the development of testing facilities for the scientific testing center of the rocket and space industry for developmental testing of advanced cryogenic propulsion systems
Authors: SIZYAKOV Nikolay P. , YURIEV Igor A. , GALEEV Ayvengo G.
Published: February 2021

The paper provides a review of materials on the development of testing facilities in the Scientific Testing Center of the Rocket and Space Industry and the issues involved in raising the efficiency and safety of experimental development of advanced cryogenic propulsion systems for launch vehicles intended for exploration of the near and deep space.
It shows that the most dangerous tests are those that are conducted on engines and propulsion systems that use oxygen, methane and hydrogen as propellant components. They may involve containment failure in the propellant system in off-nominal situations — emergency releases of propellant components, explosions and fires. It provides calculation results for overpressure in the shock-wave front depending on the mass of the released hydrogen and the factor of its contribution to the explosion. It formulates special and additional safety measures for engine and propulsion system tests in a test facility.
Key words: test facility (test stand), propulsion system, safety, off-nominal situation, cryogenic propellant components.
Triangulated Cylinder Origami-Based Piezoelectric/Triboelectric Hybrid Generator to Harvest Coupled Axial and Rotational Motion
Authors: Chung Jihoon , Song Myunghwan , Chung Seh-Hoon , Choi Woojin , Lee Sanghyun , Lin Zong-Hong , Hong Jinkee , Lee Sangmin
Published: February 2021

Piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) and triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are representative technologies that can harvest mechanical energy. In general, piezoelectric/triboelectric hybrid generators can harvest considerable energy with a limited input; however, PENGs and TENGs entail different requirements for harvesting energy. Specifically, PENGs produce a large output when a large mechanical strain is applied, and TENGs require a large surface area to produce a high power. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an innovative strategy in terms of the structural design to satisfy the requirements of both PENGs and TENGs. In this study, we developed a triangulated cylinder origami-based piezoelectric/triboelectric hybrid generator (TCO-HG) with an origami structure to enable effective energy harvesting. The proposed structure consists of a vertical contact-separation TENG on the surface of the triangulated cylinder, PENG on the inner hinge, and rotational TENG on the top substrate to harvest mechanical energy from each motion. Each generator could produce a separate electrical output with a single input. The TCO-HG could charge a 22 
μ
F commercial capacitor and power 60 LEDs when operated.
Clinicopathological, Immunohistochemical, and PMS2 Gene Expression Profiling of Patients with Sporadic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Mousavi Maryam , Goodarzi Mohammad Taghi , Kassaee Seyed Mehrdad , Jafari Heidarloo Ali , Fathi Mojtaba
Published: February 2021

Background: The DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system is one of the molecular pathways involved in colorectal cancer (CRC) carcinogenesis that consists of several genes, including MLH1 (MutL homolog 1), MSH6 (MutS homolog 6), MSH2 (MutS homolog 2), and MSH3 (MutS homolog 3). The protein encoded by PMS2 (post-meiotic segregation 2) is also essential for MMR. Here, we address the correlation between immunohistochemical and transcriptional expression of PMS2 with the tumor grade and clinical stage of non-hereditary/sporadic CRC disease. Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed 67 colorectal resections performed for 38 male and 29 female patients. Random biopsies were taken by a gastroenterologist from patients referring to three hospitals in the cities of Zanjan, Urmia and Qazvin (Iran) during 2017-2019. All specimens were examined and classified for localization of tumor, pathological stage and grade. The PMS2 protein expression was studied immunohistochemically and analysis of mRNA expression was performed in the same tissue sections. Results: Immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis showed a decrease in PMS2 expression compared with paracancerous tissue (P<0.001), which correlated with tumor stage. In addition, reduced PMS2 expression was correlated with the tumor differentiation grade, underlining a connection between downregulation of PMS2 and progression of CRC. Comparing the PMS2 mRNA levels in different groups showed the following results: 0.92 ± 0.18 in patients with Stage I CRC tumor, 0.86 ± 0.38 in Stage Ⅱ, 0.50 ± 0.29 in Stage Ⅲ, and 0.47 ± 0.23 in Stage Ⅳ. Conclusion: These findings suggest that PMS2 may provide a potential reliable biomarker for CRC classification by combined immunohistochemical and mRNA analysis.
Rectal Metastases of Breast Carcinoma: A Case Report
Authors: Fontes Emilia Virginia Lima Curvelo , Silva Nataliê Almeida , Santos Lister Arruda Modesto dos , Santos Vitorino Modesto dos
Published: February 2021

The scarcely reported hematogenous rectal metastases from breast cancer are rare and the diagnosis is challenging. They may be recognized before, concomitantly with, or after the diagnosis of the primary site of breast cancer. Invasive lobular cancer is the histological type more frequently described, and most of the affected patients have a late diagnosis. Tardive recognition is associated with poor outcomes, despite the management options. Endoscopic and imaging evaluations, mainly magnetic resonance studies, are useful, but the anatomopathological findings are mandatory to confirm the diagnostic hypothesis. We describe a middle-aged woman with advanced rectal metastases of unsuspected breast cancer found during the evaluation of manifestations due to intestinal implants. One must highlight long-term follow-up of breast cancers even if seeming in remission. The aim of this report is to enhance the suspicion index of primary health care workers.
Post-mortem Histopathologic Findings of Vital Organs in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Bidari Zerehpoosh Farahnaz , Sabeti Shahram , Bahrami-Motlagh Hooman , Mokhtari Majid , Naghibi Irvani Seyed Sina , Torabinavid Parham , Esmaeili Tarki Farzad , Amirdosara Mahdi , Rezaei Omidvar , Mostafazadeh Babak , Hajiesmaeili Mohammadreza , Rabiei Mohammad Mahdi , Alavi Darazam Ilad
Published: February 2021

Background: The scientific evidence concerning pathogenesis and immunopathology of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is rapidly evolving in the literature. To evaluate the different tissues obtained by biopsy and autopsy from five patients who expired from severe COVID-19 in our medical center. Methods: This retrospective study reviewed five patients with severe COVID-19, confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and imaging, to determine the potential correlations between histologic findings with patient outcome. Results: Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) and micro-thrombosis were the most common histologic finding in the lung tissues (4 of 5 cases), and immunohistochemical (IHC) findings (3 of 4 cases) suggested perivascular aggregation and diffuse infiltration of alveolar walls by CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. Two of five cases had mild predominantly perivascular lymphocytic infiltration, single cell myocardial necrosis and variable interstitial edema in myocardial samples. Hypertrophic cardiac myocytes, representing hypertensive cardiomyopathy was seen in one patient and CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes were detected on IHC in two cases. In renal samples, acute tubular necrosis was observed in 3 of 5 cases, while chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis, crescent formation and small vessel fibrin thrombi were observed in 1 of 5 samples. Sinusoidal dilation, mild to moderate chronic portal inflammation and mild mixed macro- and micro-vesicular steatosis were detected in all liver samples. Conclusion: Our observations suggest that clinical pathology findings on autopsy tissue samples could shed more light on the pathogenesis, and consequently the management, of patients with severe COVID-19.
A comprehensive review on phytochemical, pharmacological and therapeutic properties of Agrimonia eupatoria L.
Authors: Ghobadi Pour Mozhgan , Mirazi Naser , Moradkhani Shirin , Rafieian-kopaei Mahmoud , Rahimi-Madiseh Mohammad
Published: February 2021

Agrimonia eupatoria is a perennial herb belonging to the Rosaceae family that all its parts are used to treat various diseases. In this article, we aimed to present a comprehensive review on the phytochemical, pharmacological, and therapeutic effects of this plant. We searched various databases and summarized the data documented in literature from 1976 to 2020. Agrimonia eupatoria has effects on various kinds of cancer, oxidative stress, diabetes mellitus, hepatitis B, and liver damage. It also has anti-adhesive, antibacterial, antimicrobial, and wound healing properties. It induces nitric oxide and inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines production. Phytochemical studies related to this plant has led to isolation and identification of tannins, coumarins, and flavonoids as the most active chemicals with biological effects. Based on this comprehensive review about Agrimonia eupatoria, there will be more opportunities for investigators to search and discover ways to use bioactive agents of this herb to develop new Agrimony based medicines.
Antiplasmodial activity against resistant strains, toxicity and effect on mouse liver enzymes of extracts of Terminalia species found in Southwest Cameroon
Authors: Ngemenya Moses Njutain , Abwenzoh Grace Ntube , Zofou Denis , Kang Thierry Roland , Mbah James Ajeck
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Terminalia species have the potential to be exploited in phytomedicine based on their several pharmacological properties including antiplasmodial activity. However, there is need for more data on their antiplasmodial activity and toxicity. This study evaluated the antiplasmodial activities of Terminalia catappa and Terminalia superba found in the coastal area of Cameroon on resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum not previously tested, and their toxicity. Methods: Three leaf extracts of each plant prepared separately using three organic solvents were screened in vitro on 3 strains of P. falciparum: chloroquine-sensitive 3D7, chloroquine-resistant Dd2 and multi-drug resistant W2mef using the parasite growth inhibition assay. Antiplasmodial activity was assessed using fluorescence microscopy and the parasite lactate dehydrogenase assay. Cytotoxicity of active extracts was assessed on LLC-MK2 monkey kidney epithelial cells and acute toxicity including effect on some liver enzymes in BALB/c mice. Results: The methanol extracts of both plants showed the highest antiplasmodial activity (IC50 between 5.03-9.76 μg/mL) on the three parasite strains. The methanol extracts showed high selectivity for parasites with selectivity index values ranging from 40 to 80 indicating very low risk of toxicity. There was no mortality or adverse effect and no significant effect on the liver enzymes, alanine aminotransferase (P = 0.506) and aspartate aminotransferase (P = 0.243). Conclusion: The antiplasmodial activity, high selectivity and no adverse effects for T. catappa and T. superba demonstrate the potential for use of these plants in traditional treatment of malaria, further development into a phytomedicine against malaria and as source of new antimalarial lead.
NT-Pro-BNP levels during spontaneous breathing test and its association with successful weaning in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in the Intensive Care Unit: Original Article
Authors: Mikaeili Haleh , Bioukaghazadeh Katrin , Nazemiyeh Masoud , Matin Somaieh
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Weaning of the patient is one of the important medical challenges. One of the most important causes of failure in weaning is cardiovascular disorders. NT-Pro-BNP is a serum marker for cardiac dysfunction. This study conducted to evaluate the level of NT-Pro-BNP during the spontaneous breathing test (SBT) in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in ICU and its association with successful weaning. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 42 intubated patients who were admitted to the ICU ward of Imam Reza Hospital and were clinically weaned. After obtaining informed consent, SBT was started for the patient. One and a half hours after SBT onset, a venous blood sample was obtained and the patients were followed for SBT test success and the results were recorded. Patients were extubated in stabilized condition or continued mechanical ventilation if needed. Then Data were analyzed. Results: SBT was successful in 45.2% of patients. 54.8% of patients were male. The most common cause of hospitalization was COPD (35.7%). The mean age of patients with successful SBT was 67.53±6.14 years and in patients with unsuccessful SBT was 68.70±5.44 years. There was a significant difference between NT-Pro-BNP levels half an hour after SBT between two groups of patients with successful (7.15±31.18) and unsuccessful (59.61±196.51) SBT. NT-ProBNP changes before and half an hour after SBT in both groups were statistically significant. Conclusion: NT-Pro-BNP is a predictor criteria of success in weaning in patients and as the level of NT-Pro-BNP increases, the rate of failure in weaning increases.
Is carotid artery stenting without protection safe? - A single center experience: case series
Authors: Ghaffari Samad , Sadeghi Hokmabadi Elyar , Rikhtegar Reza , Niafar Farhad , Zolfaghari Reza , Sadeghpour Yalda , Golmohammadi Neda
Published: February 2021

Background: Carotid artery stenosis is one of the main causes of ischemic stroke in Iranian population. Carotid artery stenting (CAS) is a method with for treating carotid artery disease, in order to prevent stroke. Dispersion of the embolus is a significant risk for carotid angioplasty which can be prevented by using protective devices. But studies have shown that the use of these protective devices is not safe and can have side effects such as vascular spasm and dissection. Method: 36 patients who underwent unprotected carotid artery angioplasty from April 2018 to August 2019 in Shahid Madani hospital retrospectively entered this study. Hospital records were studied for data collection. Patients were followed by phone interviews. Major adverse cardiovascular and cerebral events (MACCE) was defined as a composite of the occurrence of stroke, MI, bleeding, and all-cause mortality in the long term. Mean duration of our follow-up was 6 months. Results: During in-hospital course, an 82 years old woman with a history of CVA, hypertension, diabetes and a significant stenosis in her contralateral ICA, had an episode of stroke which was fatal. Also, there was a 46 years old woman without any risk factors, who had developed intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). 22 patients were followed. No MI, stroke, or death occurred in any of the patients. There were only 2 cases of bleeding. Conclusion: Carotid artery stenting without protection may be is a safe method of carotid revascularization. Further prospective studies and clinical trials are needed.
Comparison of the serum fibrinogen level and International Normalized Ratio in the assessment of the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding in decompensated cirrhosis
Authors: Somi Mohammad Hossein , Faghih Dinevari Masood , Alizadeh Leila , Riazi Ali , Abbasian Samaneh , Nikniaz Zeinab
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is the most life-threatening complication of cirrhosis and it's predicting is crucial for the management of cirrhotic patients. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between INR and plasma fibrinogen level and the risk of GI bleeding using in cirrhotic patients. Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, seventy-eight cirrhotic patients were enrolled. We assessed demographic, biochemical, hematologic parameters in all patients. Underlying diseases and the etiology of cirrhosis were documented. The Child-Pugh and the Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores were used to assess the severity of liver cirrhosis. The history of bleeding episodes within 6 months before inclusion were recorded. A blood sample was drowned and fibrinogen and prothrombin time (PT) were measured and INR was calculated. Results: The patients' mean age was 51.23±15.08 years and 40 (51.3%) were male. About 17 patients (%21.7) had a history of GI bleeding within 6 months before the study. The significant difference was observed between the two groups who experienced bleeding and who did not regarding the fibrinogen level (P < 0.05). The fibrinogen level was a better predictive marker of bleeding in cirrhotic patients (AUC: 0.87). According to the results of predictive tests, the fibrinogen level had a sensitivity of (77%) and specificity of (%94) in the prediction of bleeding with the cut-off value of 182.5. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the fibrinogen level is a better predictor of bleeding in cirrhotic patients compared with INR.
Complete resolve of primary cardiac sarcoma by chemotherapy: A case report
Authors: Gholami Nasrin , Tahsini Tekantapeh Sepideh
Published: February 2021

Primary cardiac tumors (PCT) are rare with high mortality rate and low survival. There are several treatment approaches in the PCT management. Complete surgical resection is the main base of treatment and there is disagreement on adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy after surgical resection. In this case report, complete remission of the relapsed non-metastatic cardiac synovial sarcoma was observed after salvage chemotherapy and complete surgical resection.
The reliability and validity of body Vision system for assessing posture
Authors: Salekzamani Yaghoub , Abolghassemi Fakhree Nargess , Azimpouran Mahzad , Ebrahimi Afshin , Heravi Hamed , Dolatkhah Neda
Published: February 2021

Introduction Body vision is a novel method which examines postural indices through photogrammetric essentials. Nevertheless, its reliability and validity has not been appraised till now. We aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of body vision system for posture assessment Methods This was a cross sectional study in which two examiners evaluated photographs of 71 subject using body vision system twice with two-week interval. The Body Vision system involves a Grid wall and a camera fixed in front of the grid wall at about 390 cm distances. Three standing photographs (anterior, right lateral, and posterior view) were captured for participants. Results The results for inter-rater reliability analysis showed most of the parameters (74%) had excellent 95% Confidence Interval (CI), 10 % had good to excellent 95% CI, 13% had moderate to good 95% CI, and 1% had poor to moderate 95% CI (Table 2). The results for intra-rater reliability analysis showed 70-72% of the parameters had excellent 95% Confidence Interval (CI), 6-9% had good to excellent 95% CI, 12-13% had moderate to good 95% CI, and 9% had poor to moderate 95% CI. The comparison between known distances and angles on grid wall and those obtained from photogrammetric measurements showed there is no statistical significant difference (p > 0.05). Also the regression analysis showed there is a significant and positive relationship between them (R2 = 1, p < 0.05). Conclusion The results of this study showed that body vision system is a valid and reliable tool for measuring postural parameters.
Major bleeding after pronation in severe COVID-19 patient
Authors: De Rosa Rosanna Carmela , Gallifuoco Michele , Romanelli Antonio , Corcione Antonio
Published: February 2021

Contrarily to SARS and MERS, the evidence suggests that thromboembolic events are common in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The clinical course of severe COVID-19 patients can be complicated with coagulopathy, causing fatal thromboembolic events and requiring adequate treatment with anticoagulant therapy. However, the clinicians should be alerted about the increase of bleeding related to aggressive anticoagulation protocols, especially in critically ill patients who undergo traumatic maneuvers. Here, we reported the case of a 55-year-old woman with symptomatic COVID-19 pneumonia, admitted to the ICU and treated with anticoagulant therapy complicated by major bleeding, probably related to prone position for ARDS treatment.
The Relationships between the Repolarisation and Depolarisation Markers of Sudden Cardiac Death in Smokers
Authors: Cosgun Ayhan , Türkkanı Mustafa Hamidullah
Published: February 2021

Backgroung: The risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) and atrial fibrillation (AF) increase in smokers. This study aimed to determine the relationships between the repolarization and depolarization predictors of SCD in routine electrocardiography (ECG) in smokers. Methods: Between January and August-2019, ninety-eight healthy patients smoking for more than five years were included in the study group by simple random sampling. The control group consisted of one hundred twenty-two non-smokers. In the study and control group, following a routine physical examination and blood tests, P wave dispersion in the right precordial leads (PWdR) and the left precordial leads (PWdL), T peak-end interval in the right precordial leads (Tp-eR) and the left precordial leads (Tp-eL), QRS dispersion in the right precordial leads (dQRSR) and the left precordial leads (dQRSL), and QRS duration values in the right precordial leads (QRSR) and the left precordial leads (QRSL) were calculated in routine 12-lead ECG + right precordial leads. Results: There was a statistically significant moderate positive correlation between dQRSRxTp-eR/QRSR-value and smoking time in the study group. Also, there was a statistically significant weak negative correlation between dQRSLxTp-eL/QRSL-value and smoking time in the study group (Respectively, R=0.52, and P<0.01, R=0.41 and P<0.01). There was a significant difference between correlation ratio of dQRSRxTp-eR/QRS-value and smoking time and dQRSLxTp-eL/QRSL-value and smoking time in the study group (Z=5.73, p<0.01). Conclusions: In the current smokers, dQRSRxTp-eR/QRSR and dQRSLxTp-eL/QRSL values significantly higher than in the control group.
Density cleaning for some Turkish lignites
Authors: Yılmaz Serdar , Bilen Mehmet
Published: February 2021

In the scope of this study, in order to determine the floatability characteristics of lignites, 5 samples were collected from various lignite reserves of Turkey namely Dursunbey, Çayırhan, Ilgın, Ermenek, and Gürmin-Merzifon. Collected samples were analyzed in terms of float and sink analysis. As regards to float and sink analysis, the original samples were floated and sinked in 2 different ZnCl2 solutions of densities 1.40 and 1.60 g cm-3. Proximate analysis of each original sample for the corresponding lignite was carried out in the beginning of this study. In terms of proximate analysis performed, Dursunbey lignite sample has the lowest ash content of 24.86 % while Gürmin Merzifon lignite sample has the highest ash content of 45.02 %, respectively. Accordingly, 5 float and sink analysis graphic obtained and they would help one to understand and easily figure out the optimum medium density for cleaning.
Privileging the Decolonial Critical Theory in studying wa Thiong’o’s literary works
Authors: Sibanda Brian
Published: February 2021

Literary theories are the lens in which reality is created and viewed. If an incorrect or limited lens in used, then they impact on vision hence the corrective lenses are used to correct impaired vision. The literary works of Ngugi wa Thiong’o have been comfortably viewed from Marxist, Nationalist and Post-colonialist lens. It is the argument of this paper that though these literary theories do shed clarity on the works of wa Thiong’o, they limit the span of what we see that is outside their frames. The paper privileges the Decolonial Critical Theory, a theory located in the Global South, as the most appropriate lens to visibilise the decolonial thoughts and philosophy of wa Thiong’o. The appropriateness of the Decolonial Critical Theory is that it provides a critical lens outside the Euro- North American “mainstream” canon foregrounded in coloniality. The argument expanded here is that essentialisms and fundamentalisms like Marxism, Nationalism and Post-colonialism are limited in the critique of wa Thiong’o as they do not take coloniality and decoloniality into account. Undoubtedly, wa Thiong’o has been many things politically and philosophically, but decoloniality as a philosophy is the organising idea and overarching line of his thought. Like decoloniality itself, wa Thiong’o has developed, journeyed and passed through different ideological and philosophical liaisons to arrive at his present decolonial consciousness and activism hence Decolonial Critical Theory is a betting lens in looking at this journey.
Acceso a la justicia en casos de despido ineficaz a mujeres embarazadas
Authors: Silva-Montoya Fabián , Ricardo-Velázquez Manuel , Tapia-Carrillo Kevin Alexander , Hervas-Toctaquiza Yessenia Elizabeth
Published: February 2021

La investigación tuvo por objetivo analizar el acceso a la justicia en casos de despido ineficaz a mujeres embarazadas en el Ecuador. Se desarrolló desde un enfoque cuantitativo con una metodología descriptiva con diseño no experimental, la cual se apoyó en el análisis documental – bibliográfico, para la fase empírica, se empleó la recopilación de datos a través de la técnica de la encuesta en una muestra poblacional de 10 mujeres en estado de gestación, erradicadas en la ciudad del Puyo - Ecuador, entre 20 y 40 años de edad. Se evidencia la falta de cultura jurídica del empleado y el abuso por parte de los empleadores, aprovechándose del poco o nulo conocimiento del empleado referente a sus derechos. En el Ecuador es evidente que se vulnera los derechos del trabajador al no contar con un contrato legal, llegando así a no gozar de los derechos de ley, quedando en indefensión.
Efectos de las Medidas Cautelares en los Juicios Laborales
Authors: Caicedo-Parrales María José , Espinoza-Campbell Marlon Javier
Published: February 2021

La presente investigación de tipo descriptiva con enfoque cuantitativo, y análisis documental bibliográfico. El objetivo de esta investigación consiste en identificar los inconvenientes para garantizar el cumplimento de las medidas cautelares laborales considerando que no sean vulnerados los derechos de los trabajadores. Se desarrolló una estrategia metodológica la cual fue sistematizada mediante mé­todos de investigación, de revisión documental y trabajos relacionados al tema. A través la revisión documental y el método analítico-sintético, se construyó el marco teórico referencial que sustenta las in­dagaciones y la explicación a los hallazgos realizados. Se concluye que, en el Código de Trabajo de Ecuador, existe un vacío, pues señala la aplicación de medidas cautelares solo después de la sentencia favorable de primera instancia, y hasta que se de dicha resolución no existe ninguna medida que asegure la efectivización del derecho en litigio. Es recomendable promover la reforma legal en el Art. 594 del Código de Trabajo.
Principios de la Ley Orgánica del Sistema Nacional de Contratación Pública
Authors: Molina-Manzo Alexandra Dolores , Guamán-Verdezoto Giancarlos Rafael
Published: February 2021

La Contratación Publica en el Ecuador sufrió una drástica metamorfosis en el ámbito jurídico, tecnológico y social a partir del año 2008.El objetivo de esta investigación fue realizar un análisis sobre la Ley Orgánica del Sistema Nacional de Contratación Pública y su repercusión en los hechos de corrupción desde un enfoque cuantitativo con una metodología descriptiva con diseño no experimental, la cual se apoyó en el análisis documental –bibliográfico. Se ha empleado la técnica documental que nos ha permitido la recopilación de información para enunciar las teorías que sustentan el estudio de los principios de la contratación pública, así como su aplicación y cumplimiento. Lo cual se logró estructurar mediante el método analítico-sintético. Se concluye que el cumplimiento y aplicación de los principios de la contratación pública que se encuentran claramente establecidos en la Ley, deben ser de estricto cumplimiento por parte de los funcionarios involucrados en este ámbito y deben hacerse cumplir.
Estrategias de manejo ocupacional en la salud mental del personal de enfermería ante el COVID-19
Authors: Carlos-Cajo María Elisabet , Chávarry-Ysla Patricia Del Rocio
Published: February 2021

Carta al editor (sin resumen)
FEATURES OF ACCOUNTING FOR PARTICULARLY VALUABLE PROPERTY IN THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION SECTOR
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazeva, Legenkova M.K.
Published: February 2021

The relevance of this article is due to the fact that, despite some efforts made to ensure high-quality asset management of the general government sector in Russia, the accounting of especially valuable assets was not properly considered as an integral part of public sector reforms. General scientific methods of cognition were used as research methods: the system approach, the dialectical method of cognition, induction and deduction, and theoretical comparison. The results of the study of the peculiarities of property accounting in the public administration sector presented in the article will make it possible to ensure effective management of state property by identifying the limitations of these processes, including the absence in the list of criteria for classifying property as especially valuable movable property, restrictions on financial sources of acquisition, which often leads to incorrect the allocation of this or that property in the category of especially valuable. The paper proposes the author’s classification of the principles of accounting for objects of especially valuable movable and other property, which must be divided into principles-conditions, principles-recommendations, principles-restrictions. This classification is necessary to simplify the work of accounting and create an accounting system at enterprises of the general government sector to solve a number of important economic problems. It has been substantiated that it is necessary to strictly implement all measures for working with financial and non-financial assets in accordance with the regulatory and legislative acts, for which the article presents the systematization of these measures and compiled a standard operating procedure.
DEVELOPMENT OF A METHODOLOGY FOR INDICATIVE PLANNING OF LONG-TERM DEVELOPMENT OF THE SPHERE OF TOURIST SERVICES IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMIC SYSTEM OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Authors:   Moscow Pedagogical State University, Tumekh B.
Published: February 2021

In recent decades, tourism has shown itself as a key component of a modern economy and a sustainable source of innovative industries that ensure balanced development, especially in developing countries, most of which have the most popular resources for the tourism industry. The main goal of the work is presented in the idea of how to conserve natural reserves and use them rationally in the present and in the future, developing detailed plans and striving to increase the level of efficiency. The result of such work will lead to increased profits with the simultaneous organization of all types of activities related to tourism. Improving the effectiveness of strategies aimed at solving problems regarding sustainable development and changing patterns of production and consumption of tourism services requires a deep analysis of all aspects of the area under consideration, including the study of the effects of elements of the external environment under conditions of stability / instability. In other words, conducting a closer study of the planning functions in the systemic management processes of the tourism industry is quite relevant. The significance of this study lies in the fact that planning for sustainable development of the tourism sector is considered as an integral part of the overall plan for economic and social development, which requires the obligatory participation of all public and private stakeholders in the actual implementation of policies and strategies in this direction, since not only income, but and the responsibility for the development of this sector of the economy is shared between government and business. Accordingly, the author proposes to develop a methodology for indicative planning to achieve longterm improvement of tourism services in developing countries, including identifying aspects of modern problems faced by most economies in crisis and instability.
COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR ANALYZING PASSENGER TRAFFIC OF THE ROUTE NETWORK AND STOPPING POINTS
Authors:   National Research University ITMO, Rogavichene L.I. , Paramonov S.B. ,   National Research University ITMO
Published: February 2021

The article presents a study to study various instrumental methods for analyzing passenger traffic in public transport on route networks and stopping points, including video analysis, a method based on contactless smart cards, a weight method, a method based on infrared sensors, a natural method and an electronic registration turnstile. To achieve the goal of the study, an analysis of domestic and foreign sources of scientific literature was used, as well as a comparative and logical analysis of methods for examining passenger traffic for their subsequent assessment. Tasks were performed, such as analyzing the most common methods for surveying passenger traffic, identifying the advantages and disadvantages of each method, as well as comparing the methods with each other using the index approach. For the study, the parameters were identified, which were used for comparison: cost, complexity, accuracy, frequency, efficiency of data acquisition, determination of the direction of movement, coverage, length, possibility of use, independence, labor intensity. According to the results of the analysis, the advantages and disadvantages of the studied methods were revealed in the form of assigned points. Due to the unevenness of the estimates in the parameters, the usual scoring system was not suitable for presenting the results of comparison of methods, therefore the index approach was applied. As a result of the study, a universal method for examining the passenger traffic of the route network and stopping points in the form of video analysis was revealed. The device for weight analysis showed the worst indicator of versatility. Based on the results obtained, it can be assumed that for different purposes they may turn out to be completely different. In addition, innovative solutions that are currently available in the field of transportation can be applied to reduce the number of disadvantages to the traditional methods described in this article, which means that further research is possible.
CHARACTERISTICS OF ORGANIZING AND MANAGING SALES ACTIVITIES USING THE EXAMPLE OF “OOO LAMZUR”
Authors:   Ogarev Mordovia State University, Leonenko E.A. , Kunev S.V. ,   Ogarev Mordovia State University, Chindyaykina N.N. ,   Ogarev Mordovia State University
Published: February 2021

In modern conditions, the further development of the market economy puts each subject of economic activity in very difficult conditions. For the survival and effective functioning of an organization, it is no longer enough to simply produce goods in the maximum possible volume, it is especially important to sell these goods. The significant role of sales activities in the enterprise management requires searching for new methods of improvement, one of which is the revision of existing and the development of new optimal distribution channels under conditions of environmental uncertainty. Currently, distribution channels for final products are a complex multi-structure system with active elements, operating in a dynamically developing market environment. Studies by economists show that the complexity (complexity) of this system is based not on the number of elements, but on the nature of the network structure (the complexity of the structure of the system and the interactions of its components). This article presents a visual analysis of the sales activities of one of the largest Russian confectionery manufacturers - “OOO Lamzur”. For this kind of enterprises, the organization of sales activities is very important in ensuring economic efficiency and achieving high competitive advantages. In the marketing activities of the investigated enterprise, a number of problem areas are identified that impede its development. In the process of analyzing sales activities, a number of shortcomings were noted, the key of which is the loss by the enterprise of such sales functions as establishing feedback with consumers. In the course of the study, the effectiveness of the marketing activities of “OOO Lamzur” was assessed based on the analysis of the dynamics of sales of confectionery products, as well as by interviewing customers.
PERSONAL BRAND OF THE LEADER AND ITS IMPACT ON THE COMPANY’S ACTIVITIES
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Zaytsev V.D.
Published: February 2021

In the current market conditions, there is intense competition among companies operating in the same industry. One of the newest and most effective ways to promote companies in the market is to develop a personal brand of the leader. The personal brand of the head of the company leaves an imprint on the company. The personal brand of the head is correlated with the name of the company; there are many examples of this: Steve Jobs, Bill Gates, Elon Musk, Oleg Tinkov, Andrey Kurpatov and many others. A well-created personal brand is considered an excellent tool in promoting a product, attracting a target audience and resources for the company, and also for increasing the company’s competitiveness. A personal brand allows one to demonstrate not only individual advantages of the person as a company leader, but also the strengths of the company. With the help of a personal brand, the company can be distinguished from competitors; besides, the brand can help to increase the cost of goods and services, as well as the company as a whole. Personal brand is one of the most influential aspects on the «life» of a company in the modern world; sometimes it allows solving company problems and plays a decisive role in the development of a company. Currently, the topic of “personal brand” remains largely unexplored. Many researchers have attempted to create a methodology for forming a personal brand, for example, there are many different strategies for forming it. In connection with the above, it is relevant to systematize information on this topic. The article analyzes the definitions “brand” and “personal brand”, studies the influence of the personal brand of the head on the company’s activities. The concepts of building and approaches to the development of a personal brand, as well as strategies for its promotion are considered.
INCREASING LABOR EFFICIENCY OF THE PRODUCTION UNIT SPECIALISTS BY FORMING A TEAM
Authors:   Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University, Litvina M.I. , Nikolaeva G.N. ,   Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University
Published: February 2021

At the end of the twentieth century, team management became widespread. Based on this approach, the key factor for successful activity is not so much finance and technology as effective teamwork. Achieving this effect is possible on the basis of the team building process, which can be represented as a human resource management process aimed at building a team and improving team efficiency to achieve the goals of the organization. This process is viewed from two main points: on the one hand, as a process of formation and further development of a team; and on the other hand, the ways to build interaction between people in a group to achieve the strategic goals of the unit and the organization as a whole. Creating an efficient and cohesive team takes time, during which the process of its formation and progressive development takes place. The article provides an overview of modern ideas about the team. The authors’ definition of a team is formulated, on the basis of which the advantages of the team are indicated, leading to an increase in the efficiency of its activities. The types of teams and approaches to team building have been studied. On the basis of a survey and testing, the authors carried out a study of the team building process and developed guidelines for forming a team from specialists from the production unit of the state unitary enterprise «Moskollektor». The study used a professional approach, taking into account the distribution of roles according to R.M. Belbin and in accordance with the sociotypes of K.G. Jung. Conclusions are made, the advantages of working in a team are formulated and possible ways of developing a team of a production unit are shown. The article emphasizes the need to apply an integrated approach to team formation, combining professional, role and approach according to the sociotype of the individual, in order to identify ways of its development.
PRODUCTION PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS FOR SMALL CONSTRUCTION ENTERPRISES OF THE IRKUTSK REGION
Authors:   Irkutsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Filatov E.A.
Published: February 2021

Various indicators of profitability are widely used in many industries to assess the companies’ financial and economic performance. For example, production profitability and sales profitability indicators are used for comparative assessing the performance of individual economic entities and industries that produce different volumes and types of products. To compare the amount of profit and the amount of funds used to achieve it in the sectoral economy, production profitability indicator is used. Basically, production profitability is one of the key parameters for determining the efficiency of the economy. This indicator is very important for making current and strategic decisions. The author of the article has developed a 4-factor model to carry out a factor analysis of production profitability. In deterministic factor analysis, the author’s model of production profitability (effective criterion indicator) is represented by the product of 4 factors, of which three are well-known and one is found by the author. The relationship between these four factors and the production profitability is functional. The article reveals the influence of factors influencing the change in the production profitability and gives the author’s methodological approaches to its calculation (methods of factor analysis, developed by E.A. Filatov). The article presents the author’s analytical and systematized statistical material for the analysis of the key indicators that reveal the impact of the changes in the production profitability of small enterprises in the construction industry of the Irkutsk region of the Russian Federation.