bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GFR estimation is complicated by a high incidence of non-steady-state serum creatinine concentrations at the emergency department
Authors: Niemantsverdriet M. S. A. , Pieters T. T. , Hoefer I. E. , Verhaar M. C. , Joles J. A. , van Solinge W. W. , Tiel Groenestege W. M. , Haitjema S. , Rookmaaker M. B.
Published: December 2021

Background

Acquiring a reliable estimate of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at the emergency department (ED) is important for clinical management and for dosing renally excreted drugs. However, renal function formulas such as CKD-EPI can give biased results when serum creatinine (SCr) is not in steady-state because the assumption that urinary creatinine excretion is constant is then invalid. We assessed the extent of this by analysing variability in SCr in patients who visited the ED of a tertiary care centre.

Methods

Data from ED visits at the University Medical Centre Utrecht, the Netherlands between 2012 and 2019 were extracted from the Utrecht Patient Oriented Database. Three measurement time points were defined for each visit: last SCr measurement before visit as baseline (SCr-BL), first measurement during visit (SCr-ED) and a subsequent measurement between 6 and 24 hours during admission (SCr-H1). Non-steady-state SCr was defined as exceeding the Reference Change Value (RCV), with 15% decrease or 18% increase between successive SCr measurements. Exceeding the RCV was deemed as a significant change.

Results

Of visits where SCr-BL and SCr-ED were measured (N = 47,540), 28.0% showed significant change in SCr. Of 17,928 visits admitted to the hospital with a SCr-H1 after SCr-ED, 27,7% showed significant change. More than half (55%) of the patients with SCr values available at all three timepoints (11,054) showed at least one significant change in SCr over time.

Conclusion

One third of ED visits preceded and/or followed by creatinine measurement show non-stable serum creatinine concentration. At the ED automatically calculated eGFR should therefore be interpreted with great caution when assessing kidney function.
Affect, blankness, theatrics: Rurality and faciality in three Chinese instances
Authors: Ng Emily
Published: December 2021

The face and the close-up have been central to film theory since its early days. If modern visual theories of the face arose in Europe amid urbanization and imperial encounter, in the People's Republic of China (PRC), the political aesthetics of faciality became central to Maoist mass mobilizations of the countryside, in part through collective village film screenings. Bringing together themes of faciality, rurality and anxieties of global encounter, this article considers how the rural has been staged through genres of the face in Chinese cinema and television. Through close readings of the Maoist era The Youth of Our Village, Jia Zhangke’s Still Life and Zhao Benshan Media’s series Rural Love Story, I consider three distinct deployments of the face in depictions of rural and environmental transformation. Thinking with while also departing from Deleuze’s formulations in Cinema 1 and Cinema 2, the article traces an emotively intense face reminiscent of the affection-image, a blank face that operates in part as a time-image and a performative face of what might be called a theatrics-image. Across its readings as a site of affective immediacy, despotic inscription, moral character and social–political manoeuvring, the face offers a multivalent site for political, aesthetic and affective mediation, on- and off-screen.
‘Why am I still imprisoned in your eyes?’: Re-visioning ‘leftover women’ and the female gaze in Send Me to the Clouds
Authors: Xiao Hui Faye
Published: December 2021

This article studies how a recent Chinese women’s film Send Me to the Clouds (2019) explores different ways of looking as innovative cinematic strategies of constructing and empowering the precarious female subject against a postsocialist patriarchal ideology that dominates gendered narratives and audio-visual codes of the mainstream Chinese cinema. The film is centred upon a 30-year-old ‘leftover woman’ Sheng Nan’s distressful life experiences and her anger at the prevailing sexism and ageism. Rather than being tamed or domesticated, throughout the film the angry and restless woman is shown to be constantly on the motion, making every effort to experiment with alternative looking relations that seek to destroy the voyeuristic pleasure and disciplinary power of the privileged male gaze, as well as to explore possibilities of creating a self-reflective and critical female gaze. A contextualized critical study of the female authorship and agency on and behind the screen will shed new light on how contemporary Chinese women filmmakers take on ‘concrete and various negotiations’ with the structure of domination and its representational system via ‘their socially and politically conditioned cinematic practice or performance’.
Filming the Singaporean killer: Trauma, murder and modernity in Medium Rare (1991) and God or Dog (1997)
Authors: Pang Benson
Published: December 2021

This article considers how two Singapore horror films, Medium Rare (1991) and God or Dog (1997), attempted to make sense of the real-life Adrian Lim ritual murders through two divergent approaches to the co-constitutive relationship between modernity and violence. First, by formulating an image of Singapore as a rational global cosmopolis, Medium Rare positions Lim and his superstitious violence as malignant anomalies that must be expelled to protect Singapore’s modern identity. Conversely, God or Dog portrays Lim’s madness as an unfortunate consequence of the country’s rapid modernization. Put together, these films use Lim and his crimes as vehicles through which they explore Singapore’s troubled endeavours at self-definition within the early fringe of the 1990s Singapore new wave cinema.
Purba film as a prototype of Malay film genre: A preliminary exploration
Authors: Yusoff Norman
Published: December 2021

This article attempts to trace the historical development of the period costume dramas known as purba films, a prototyped genre for Malay cinema produced in Singapore and Kuala Lumpur during the ‘studio era’ from the late 1940s to early 1970s. Either adapted from folk literature/theatre and historical texts or based on original ideas by the screenwriters/directors, purba films are set in the pre-colonial era, invariably in a kampong and glorify the Malay world prior to the arrival of the imperialists. I argue that the genre, which encompasses diverse variants and subdivisions, has undergone several phases of transformation and evolution, in particular, while drawing out the genre’s codes, conventions and ideologies. Additionally, I demonstrate that they are, on the one hand, culturally and cinematically specific, and, on the other, are borrowed from, and shaped by, other cinematic genres, forms and practices. The discussion also provides evidence on how purba films were situated within the cultural and industrial contexts.
Pengaruh Nitrat terhadap Biokorosi Logam oleh Konsorsium Bakteri Pereduksi Sulfat dari PLTA Saguling
Authors: Afianti Nur Fitriah , Astuti Dea Indriani
Published: December 2021

The Influence of Nitrate in Metal Biocorrosion caused by Sulfate Reducing Bacteria from Saguling Hydropower. The corrosion facilitated and accelerated by the activities of microorganism is called biocorrosion. Sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) is known as the bacteria that cause biocorrosion in anaerobic condition by using sulfate as the final electron acceptor. Biocorrosion reduces equipment lifetime and increases maintenance cost in industry. In the cooling system in Saguling hydropower, corrosion was commonly caused by utilization of contaminated water due to anorganic and organic waste, especially sulfate. In this research, sulfate reducing bacteria was isolated from biofilms in the cooling system of Saguling Hydropower. Molecular analysis using PCR-DGGE method with dsrB gene (350 bp) as molecular markers showed that SRB consortium contained 12 bands and assumed as different species of SRB. SRB consortium was tested to determine its biocorrosion activity over metal material of ST37 (carbon steel) and SUS304 (stainless steel). The consortium then treated with 7 different nitrate concentrations to determine its effect against the sulfate reducing bacteria activity. SRB consortium caused higher corrosion to ST37 than SUS304L, with the corrosion rate of 0.07660 mm/year and 0.00265 mm/year, respectively. Concentration of 10 mM nitrate effectively inhibited corrosion rate on ST37 and caused the changes in sulfate reducing bacteria communities, indicated by the disappearance of 6 bands in DGGE profile
Impact Assessment of PSBB on Variations of NO2, CO, and Chlorophyll-a Concentration in Java Island during the COVID-19 Pandemic based on Multi-satellite Imagery Data
Authors: Badriana Mochamad Riam , Diastomo Hanif , Avrionesti Avrionesti , Surya Martin Yahya , Abdurrahman Umar , Riza Muhammad , Suprijo Totok , Park Hansan
Published: December 2021

The enactment of the PSBB (Large-scale Social Restriction) on April to May 2020 due to COVID-19 pandemic, has reduced residents’ activities, especially in Java Island, the most populous area in Indonesia with high anthropological activities. This policy may affect the conditions of atmospheric and water environment around the island of Java. NO2 and CO concentrations in atmosphere along with chlorophyll-a concentrationin the ocean are environmental indicators that can be observed through satellite imagery. Satellite data TROPOMI and CMEMS were used to investigate the variation of those concentrations in the atmosphere and ocean during PSBB. Oceanographic and atmospheric daily data of each parameter over the Java Island region were retrieved and merged into gridded data with 1 km spatial resolution to be compared. Variations of chlorophyll-a concentration within the same month over the previous years were also taken into account. NO2, CO, and chlorophyll-a concentration were fluctuating during the PSBB period, but tended to decrease in the early phase of PSBB.The higher concentration of chlorophyll-a concentrated in the northern coastal areas of Java Island. In Jakarta and Surabaya, chlorophyll-a concentrations value during April-May 2020 were decreased by 48% and 27% compared to the previous three years’ averages. Human activities were thought to be the main factor influencing variations in the concentration of NO2, CO, and chlorophyll-a during PSBB enactment
Percampuran vertikal di Perairan Laut Maluku dan Talaud pada bulan Februari 2021
Authors: Purwandana Adi , Iskandar Mochamad Riza , Kusmanto Edi , Fadli Muhammad , Santoso Priyadi Dwi , Corvianawatie Corry , Muhadjirin Muhadjirin , Wattimena Marlin Chrisye , Zheng Wang
Published: December 2021

Vertical mixing in the northern Maluku Sea and Talaud Waters in February 2021. The spatial variability of water mass mixing in the northern Maluku Sea and Talaud waters are presented based on the results of Eastern Indonesia Expedition (EIT) 2021 using RV Baruna Jaya VIII-LIPI. The turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate was obtained using the Kunze-Williams-Briscoe (KWB) Method calculated from CTD (Conductivity, Temperature, Depth) and LADCP (Lowered Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler) datasets. We found the dissipation rate in the core layer of North Pacific Subtropical Water (NPSW) and North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) are in the order of 10-6 W/kg and 10-8 W/kg, respectively. The KWB Method used in this study is also proven comparable with the Thorpe Method.
Kelimpahan Dinoflagellata Bentik Berbahaya di Habitat Lamun dan Makroalga di Pulau Pari, Kepulauan Seribu, Indonesia
Authors: Firdaus Mochamad Ramdhan , Rachman Arief , Sianturi Oksto Ridho , Wulandari Diah Anggraini , Meirinawati Hanny , Intan Mariana Destila Bayu , Endrotjahyo Edy
Published: December 2021

The Abundance of the Harmful Benthic Dinoflagellate in the Seagrass and Macroalgae Habitats on Pari Island, Thousand Islands, Indonesia. Benthic dinoflagellates are an important part of benthic ecosystems and part of their ecological functions. However, ciguatoxin (CTX) producer dinoflagellates, which could cause Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) disease, is a known threat to marine biota and the island’s coastal communities, such as in Pari Island. Thus, this research aimed is to study the population of five harmful and toxin producer benthic dinoflagellate genera, namely Amphidinium, Coolia, Gambierdiscus, Ostreopsis, and Prorocentrum, in macroalgae and seagrass habitats of Pari Island. Benthic dinoflagellate samples were collected in Juni 2019 using artificial substrates in the form of a 10×15 cm nylon screen. Environmental variables, such as nutrient concentration (nitrogen and phosphorus) and water temperature were also measured. The results showed that the average benthic dinoflagellate density in seagrass habitats was four times higher compared to the macroalgae habitats. Gambierdiscus were found as the most abundant benthic dinoflagellate in seagrass habitats, while Prorocentrum were more abundant in macroalgae habitats. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that the N:P ratio was the most important regulating parameter for most benthic dinoflagellate genera in this study, except Ostreopsis, which was found to be more abundant in phosphorus-rich macroalga habitats. The data also shows an increase of benthic dinoflagellate cell density up to seven times compared to the previous research data in 2012 and 2013. That trend indicates an increase in the disturbance and pressure on the macroalgae and seagrass habitats of Pari Island, which require special attention to prevent the occurrence of toxic Benthic Harmful Algal Blooms (bHABs) and CFP cases in the island.
Unilateral Biportal Endoscopy for Decompression of Extraforaminal Stenosis at the Lumbosacral Junction: Surgical Techniques and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Park Man-Kyu , Son Sang-Kyu , Park Weon Wook , Choi Seung-Hyun , Jung Dae Young , Kim Dong Han
Published: December 2021

Objective: The aims of this study were to describe the unilateral biportal endoscopic (UBE) technique for decompression of extraforaminal stenosis at L5–S1 and evaluate 1-year clinical outcomes. Especially, we evaluated compression factors of extraforaminal stenosis at L5–S1 and described the surgical technique for decompression in detail.Methods: Thirty-five patients who underwent UBE decompression for extraforaminal stenosis at L5–S1 between March 2018 and February 2019 were enrolled. Clinical results were analyzed using the MacNab criteria, the visual analogue scale (VAS) for back and leg pain, and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Compression factors evaluated pseudoarthrosis within the transverse process of L5 and ala of sacrum, disc bulging with or without osteophytes, and the thickened lumbosacral and extraforaminal ligament.Results: The mean back VAS was 3.7 ± 1.8 before surgery, which dropped to 2.3 ± 0.8 at 1-year postoperative follow-up (p < 0.001). There was a significant drop in postoperative mean VAS for leg pain from 7.2 ± 1.1 to 2.3 ± 1.2 at 1 year (p < 0.001). The ODI was 61.5 before surgery and 28.6 (p < 0.001). Pseudoarthrosis between the transverse process and the ala was noted in all cases (35 of 35, 100%). Pure disc bulging was seen in 12 patients (34.3%), and disc bulging with osteophytes was demonstrated in 23 patients. The thickened lumbosacral and extraforaminal ligament were identified in 19 cases (51.4%). No complications occurred in any of the patients.Conclusion: In the current study, good surgical outcomes without complications were achieved after UBE decompression for extraforaminal stenosis at L5–S1.
An Anatomical Clue for Minimizing Iliac Vein Injury During the Anterolateral Approach at L5–S1 Level: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Ko Myeong Jin , Park Seung Won , Wui Seong Hyun
Published: December 2021

Objective: The injury to the common iliac vein (CIV) seems to be the most important concern during the anterior approach to the spine at L5–S1 level. We investigated the anatomy of the L5–S1 vertebral structures related to the CIV through a cadaveric study to find an anatomical clue for safe dissection of CIV.Methods: Ten cadavers were prepared for this study. After removing the peritoneum and the presacral fascia, the section from the lower part of the L5 to the upper part of the S1 vertebral body was removed with the CIV attached. After decalcification, 2 sections in the vertical and horizontal directions were made for histological study.Results: An adipose tissue layer was present between the intervertebral disc and CIV. The adipose tissue layer in 6 cadavers was thin, and in 3 of these cadavers, the CIV was attached to the vertebral body and the disc. In the other 4 cadavers, the CIV was clearly separated from the vertebral body and the disc by the intervening adipose tissue layer (IATL). Under the microscope, a thin layer surrounding the anterior longitudinal ligament, periosteum, and disc was observed, and we named this structure the ‘perivertebral membrane’. The perivertebral membrane was attached to the CIV when there was no IATL, but a potential space was detected under the membrane.Conclusion: There was a thin membrane, perivertebral membrane, between the CIV and L5–S1 disc. In cases with CIV adhesion to the disc due to the absence of IATL, the CIV may be mobilized indirectly through the perivertebral membrane.
Utility of the MISDEF2 Algorithm and Extent of Fusion in Open Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery With Minimum 2-Year Follow-up
Authors: Li Bo , Hawryluk Gregory , Mummaneni Praveen V. , Wang Michael , Mehra Ratnesh , Wang Minghao , Lau Darryl , Mayer Rory , Fu Kai-Ming , Chou Dean
Published: December 2021

Objective: Long-segment fusion in adult spinal deformity (ASD) is often needed, but more focal surgeries may provide significant relief with less morbidity. The minimally invasive spinal deformity surgery (MISDEF2) algorithm guides minimally invasive ASD surgery, but it may be useful in open ASD surgery. We classified ASD patients undergoing focal decompression, limited decompression and fusion, and full correction according to MISDEF2 and correlated outcomes.Methods: A retrospective study of ASD patients treated by 2 surgeons at our hospital was performed. Inclusion criteria were: age > 50, minimum 2-year follow-up, and open ASD surgery. Tumor, trauma, and infections were excluded. Patients had open surgery including focal decompression, short segment fusion, or full scoliosis correction. All patients were categorized by MISDEF2 into 4 classes based upon spinopelvic parameters. Perioperative metrics were assessed. Radiographic correction, complications and reoperation were recorded.Results: A total of 136 patients met inclusion criteria. Mean follow-up was 46 ± 15.8 months (range, 24–118 months). Forty-seven underwent full deformity correction, 71 underwent short segment fusion, and 18 underwent decompression alone. There were 24 cases of class I, 66 cases of class II, 23 cases of class III, and 23 cases of class IV patients. Patients in class I and II had perioperative complication rates of 0% and 16.7% and revision rates of 8% and 21.2% when undergoing focal decompression or limited fusion. However, class II patients undergoing full correction had higher perioperative complications rate (p = 0.03) and revision surgery rates (p = 0.047). This difference was not seen in class III patients (p > 0.05). All class IV patients underwent full correction, but they had higher perioperative complication rates (p < 0.019), comparable revision surgery rates (p = 0.27), and better radiographic realignment (p < 0.001). In addition, full deformity correction was associated with longer length of stay, increased blood loss, and longer operative time (p < 0.001).Conclusion: The MISDEF2 algorithm may help guide ASD surgical decision making even in open surgery, with focal treatment used in class I and II patients as a viable alternative and full correction implemented in class IV patients because of severe malalignment. However, class II patients with ASD undergoing full deformity correction do have higher complication rates.
Demographic Predictors of Treatment and Complications for Spinal Disorders: Part 2, Lumbar Spine Trauma
Authors: Jammal Omar Al , Gendreau Julian , Alvandi Bejan , Patel Neal A. , Brown Nolan J. , Shahrestani Shane , Lien Brian V. , Delavar Arash , Tran Katelynn , Sahyouni Ronald , Diaz-Aguilar Luis Daniel , Gilbert Kevin , Pham Martin H.
Published: December 2021

Objective: To study the impact of demographic factors on management of traumatic injury to the lumbar spine and postoperative complication rates.Methods: Data was obtained from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) between 2010–2014. International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, Clinical Modification codes identified patients diagnosed with lumbar fractures or dislocations due to trauma. A series of multivariate regression models determined whether demographic variables predicted rates of complication and revision surgery.Results: A total of 38,249 patients were identified. Female patients were less likely to receive surgery and to receive a fusion when undergoing surgery, had higher complication rates, and more likely to undergo revision surgery. Medicare and Medicaid patients were less likely to receive surgical management for lumbar spine trauma and less likely to receive a fusion when operated on. Additionally, we found significant differences in surgical management and postoperative complication rates based on race, insurance type, hospital teaching status, and geography.Conclusion: Substantial differences in the surgical management of traumatic injury to the lumbar spine, including postoperative complications, among individuals of demographic factors such as age, sex, race, primary insurance, hospital teaching status, and geographic region suggest the need for further studies to understand how patient demographics influence management and complications for traumatic injury to the lumbar spine.
Classification and Radiological Diagnosis of Thoracolumbar Spine Fractures: WFNS Spine Committee Recommendations
Authors: Bajamal Abdul Hafid , Permana Khrisna Rangga , Faris Muhammad , Zileli Mehmet , Peev Nikolay A.
Published: December 2021

The aim of this review to determine recommendations for classification and radiological diagnosis of thoracolumbar spine fractures. Recommendation was made through a literature review of the last 10 years. The statements created by the authors were discussed and voted on during 2 consensus meetings organized by the WFNS (World Federation Neurosurgical Societies) Spine Committee. The literature review was yielded 256 abstracts, of which 32 were chosen for full-text analysis. Thirteen papers evaluated the reliability of a classification system by our expert members and were also chosen in this guideline analysis. This literature review-based recommendation provides the classification and radiologic diagnosis in thoracolumbar spine fractures that can elucidate the management decision-making in clinical practice.
Complications of Posterior Fusion for Atlantoaxial Instability in Children With Down Syndrome
Authors: Takeoka Yoshiki , Kakutani Kenichiro , Miyamoto Hiroshi , Suzuki Teppei , Yurube Takashi , Komoto Izumi , Ryu Masao , Satsuma Shinichi , Uno Koki
Published: December 2021

Objective: To clarify the complications of posterior fusion for atlantoaxial instability (AAI) in children with Down syndrome and to discuss the significance of surgical intervention.Methods: Twenty pediatric patients with Down syndrome underwent posterior fusion for AAI between February 2000 and September 2018 (age, 6.1 ± 1.9 years). C1–2 or C1–3 fusion and occipitocervical fusion were performed in 14 and 6 patients, respectively. The past medical history, operation time, estimated blood loss (EBL), duration of Halo vest immobilization, postoperative follow-up period, and intra- and perioperative complications were examined.Results: The operation time was 257.9 ± 55.6 minutes, and the EBL was 101.6 ± 77.9 mL. Complications related to the operation occurred in 6 patients (30.0%). They included 1 major complication (5.0%): hydrocephalus at 3 months postoperatively, possibly related to an intraoperative dural tear. Other surgery-related complications included 3 cases of superficial infections, 1 case of bone graft donor site deep infection, 1 case of C2 pedicle fracture, 1 case of Halo ring dislocation, 1 case of pseudoarthrosis that required revision surgery, and 1 case of temporary neurological deficit after Halo removal at 2 months postoperatively. Complications unrelated to the operation included 2 cases of respiratory infections and 1 case of implant loosening due to a fall at 9 months postoperatively.Conclusion: The complication rate of upper cervical fusion in patients with Down syndrome remained high; however, major complications decreased substantially. Improved intra- and perioperative management facilitates successful surgical intervention for upper cervical instability in pediatric patients with Down syndrome.
Eosinophilic Mastitis: A Case Report
Authors: Bang Hyewon , Lee Kwan Ho , Kim Hyeon Sook , Min Ki Ouk , Choi Seung Hye
Published: December 2021

Eosinophilic mastitis is a rare disease in which eosinophils infiltrate the ducts and lobules of the breast, causing mammary inflammation. Although eosinophilic mastitis is a benign condition, it presents similarly to and is often mistaken for breast cancer. Here we report the first case of eosinophilic mastitis in Korea. A 43-year-old woman presented with redness and swelling in her right breast. A breast ultrasound revealed ill-defined isoechoic and hyperechoic areas in the upper half and lower inner quadrant of the right breast combined with axillary level I lymphadenopathy. A histopathological examination by core needle biopsy demonstrated lymphoplasma cell infiltration with eosinophils. A peripheral blood examination revealed an eosinophil count of 5,000/mm³. The patient was treated with oral steroids, antibiotics, and leukotriene receptor antagonists. Four months later, the eosinophil count had returned to normal, and breast ultrasound exhibited marked improvement.
TO A QUESTION ABOUT QUASIBAND OF ACOUSTIC AXIS OF THE ANGLE BEAM PROBE
Authors: Danilov V. N.
Published: December 2021

On the basis of modelling an acoustic path of the angle beam probe with a reflector as a side drilled hole influence of two factors resulting to quasiband of acoustic axis of the angle beam probe is shown, first of which is connected to change of amplitude echo signal owing to attenuation of a shear wave in the environment due to absorption and dispersion, and the second factor – with change of amplitude owing to a divergence of wave fronts radiated and received elastic waves. Influence of the first factor is increased with growth of attenuation and depth of reflector, and the second – on increase of distance up to a reflector practically does not depend. Quantitative estimations have revealed a ratio of influence of both factors on size of a angle quasiband of acoustic axis on value of factor of attenuation of shear waves. Reduction of an angle quasidand with increase of radius piezoplate of the angle beam probe is shown at constant operation frequency, that is at narrowing the directivity characteristic of the probe.
METHOD FOR CONTROL OF TECHNICAL STATE OF ONBOARD RADIOELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT OF SPACECRAFTS BASED ON INTERACTION OF ELEMENTS OF DISTRIBUTED TECHNICAL DIAGNOSIS SYSTEM
Authors: Loskutov A. I. , Stolyarov A. V. , Ryahova E. A.
Published: December 2021

The article deals with the issues of technical diagnostics of on-board radioelectronic equipment of spacecrafts. A mathematical formulation of the problem is carried out in order to minimize the time of technical diagnostics. A method has been developed for monitoring the technical state of onboard radioelectronic equipment based on the interaction of elements of a distributed technical diagnostics system, which includes identification of onboard radioelectronic equipment and training a neural network, searching for the location and causes of a malfunction using a mathematical model and making decisions by controlling the onboard radioelectronic equipment of spacecrafts. When searching for the location and causes of a malfunction, an interesting approach is based on a neural network classification of malfunctions. Practical recommendations for technical diagnostics of onboard radioelectronic equipment of spacecrafts are presented, in particular, a scheme for constructing a promising onboard distributed system of technical diagnostics when interacting with onboard systems of a typical spacecraft.
DIAGNOSTICS OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL CUTTING SYSTEM ON THE PARAMETERS OF ACOUSTIC EMISSION
Authors: Mokritskii B. Ya.
Published: December 2021

The work shows the results that allow: diagnose the state of the cutting technological system by monitoring acoustic signals; control the state of the cutting technological system by choosing a rational tool.
ONLINE EXHIBITION METROLEXPO-2020. ACCURATE MEASUREMENTS ARE THE BASIS OF QUALITY AND SAFETY
Authors: Matveev V. I.
Published: December 2021

The article summarizes the results of the MetrolExpo exhibition, which was held for the first time online. The event focused on instrumentation-demonstration and discussion of the possibilities of modern measuring equipment, analysis of new methods and technologies of accurate measurements that have appeared in recent years. The latest developments, devices and systems for conducting measurements, tests, technical diagnostics, analytical studies, production and functional control from the largest Russian and foreign manufacturers were demonstrated.
ABOUT HEAD WAVES AND UNDER-SURFACE LONGITUDINAL WAVES, RADIATED BY THE NORMAL PROBE WHICH IS TAKING PLACE ON A FREE FLAT SURFACE OF THE ELASTIC ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Danilov V. N.
Published: December 2021

On the basis of integrated representations Fourier–Bessel a component of displacement of elastic waves, radiating by the normal converter which is taking place on a free flat surface of the elastic environment, receives analytical estimations of displacement a under-surface longitudinal and head (it is surface-longitudinal) waves. Components of displacement a under-surface longitudinal wave are the sum a component in approximation of geometrical acoustics (GA), the diffraction amendments to this approximation and the amendments which are taking into account influence of feature when the parameter of integrated representation is equal to wave number of a longitudinal wave. Components of displacement of a head wave are defined as the sum appropriate diffraction amendments for a component of displacement of a volumetric longitudinal wave in approximation GA and a component of displacement of a lateral wave. The maximum of amplitude of displacement a under-surface longitudinal wave in angular area of a direction of distribution near to a free surface of environment is caused by one of local maxima of the directivity characteristic of the normal probe. Thus dependence of change of amplitude of this wave of distance wave from the centre of the probe practically corresponds to similar dependence for displacement of a volumetric longitudinal wave in GA approximation. Quantitative estimations of maxima of amplitude of displacement under-surface longitudinal and head waves concerning the greatest amplitude, radiated by the normal probe of a volumetric longitudinal wave.
ON THE EXPERIENCE OF COMPUTED X-RAY TOMOGRAPHY OF REINFORCED THREE-STRINGER PANELS MADE OF POLYMER COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Authors: Larin A. A. , Fedotov M. Yu. , Budadin O. N. , Aniskovich V. A. , Kozel’skaya S. O. , Reznichenko V. I.
Published: December 2021

Experimental studies of the possibility of the MCT method for NC three-stringer panels made of PCM by the method of autoclave molding have been carried out. Based on the results of the experimental studies, it was shown that the MCT method makes it possible with a high reliability to identify defects in composite structures at the stage of final inspection (immediately after production), which is especially important for highly loaded and critical structures made of carbon composite materials based on polymer matrices of various types. On the example of testing a three-stringer (reinforced) panel, it is shown that the presented structure as a whole does not have pronounced macrodefects, however, an accumulation of micro-layers is observed in the zone of transition of layers from the sheathing plane to the stringer, which indicates a slight decrease in the molding pressure in this zone. In the studies carried out, these microdefects are not critical, while the results of the tomogram can be used to slightly refine the shape of the tooling in the zone of transition of layers from the skin to the stringer to provide the required molding pressure. Thus, it has been shown that the SRT method is an effective tool for assessing the structure of reinforced composite panels, taking into account different degrees of damage. The high measurement accuracy and resolution of the MCT method allow realizing high reliability and information content of control and ensuring high reliability of PCM structures due to the following factors: • Structures with defects exceeding the maximum permissible ones are not allowed into operation by the technical control department (QCD); • Structures with defects close to the maximum permissible are taken out of service until their properties are restored; • Positioning of defects reduces the labor intensity of repair.
COMPARISON OF DOMESTIC UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS AS DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS FOR ELECTRIC POWER FACILITIES
Authors: Shpenst V. A. , Morozova O. Yu. , Beloshitskiy A. A.
Published: December 2021

Latest methods of power facilities diagnostic and the methods of accidents prevention presume the work of the team who personally inspect all the details, which is very time-consuming. A good alternative to this may be unmanned aircraft systems (further on – UAS) to be used for remote monitoring and search for defects of the equipment. This method of UAS is already well-known and some Russian companies (“ZALA”, “Geoscan”, “Unmanned Systems”, etc.) offer this service. Although the civil sector of the UAS market is lagging behind its military section, the former is expanding, rapidly developing, and provides the opportunity to choose the appropriate device for enhancing the assessment of power facilities` technical condition. This issue is relevant as there is a tendency in Russia towards the production digitalization. UAS will make the diagnostic process faster and more highly-technological, as all the information from the measuring devices will be transmitted to the storage. In the long run UAS will also make production cheaper, as the number of operators as well as the number of their working hours will be less than in case with the regular working teams. The paper analyses some models of UAS, their technical features and cost-effectiveness of their mass utilization. The factors regarding the devices as such and severe weather conditions of some regions in Russia are to be taken into account.
SYSTEM OF STANDARDIZATION AND METROLOGICAL SUPPORT OF SPEED DEFECTIVE MEANS OF RAILS IN THEIR PRODUCTION AND OPERATION
Authors: Tarabrin V. F.
Published: December 2021

The importance of standardization and metrological support for high-speed rail flaw detection is noted. JSC “Firm TVEMA” has created a service for quality, factory testing and metrological support. The data on the development and development of the production of JSC “Firma TVEMA” of a complex of removable and mobile technical means of NDT with maximum automation of instrument control and processing of control data, creation of a quality service, factory testing and metrological support are given. It is shown that the service includes structural subdivisions: the department of metrology and quality, a metrological laboratory, a testing laboratory, a technical control bureau that provide scientific and methodological support for the development of measuring instruments, testing, verification and calibration of flaw detection instruments during their production and operation. JSC “Firma TVEMA” organized the production and delivery of models of rail defects to railways with primary certification by the metrological laboratory for dynamic testing of mobile NDT vehicles. A test section was put into operation at the Experimental Ring of JSC VNIIZhT with certified defect models, which made it possible to accumulate research material for the further development of high-speed flaw detectors.
MONITORING AND NEW FUNCTIONALITY OF SWITCHGEARS OF TRANSFORMER SUBSTATIONS WITH LCD "CASCADE"
Authors: Ippolitov V. A. , Kononenko A. B. , Kosorotov A. A. , Kryukov O. V.
Published: December 2021

The prospects for the development and implementation of new technologies for expanding the functionality and reliability of complete transformer substations are considered. It is shown that the main component of automation of switchgears of modern electrical substations is the system of automatic input of the reserve, and the main intellectual center of it becomes the controller, which is a specialized unit or system of freely programmable relay devices or programmable logic controllers. A new block diagram of the dispatching and diagnostics system of the digital substation switchgear with an element-by-element description of the functions and main operating modes is presented. A detailed description of the switchgear based on two bus sections, to which the circuit breakers of the outgoing lines are connected, is given. Innovative functions of monitoring and intelligent control of automated systems of various switchgears within the framework of the concept of digital substations are proposed. Examples of new unctions of the CTS “Cascade” system based on HMI controllers using web technologies are given.
ADMISSIBILITY DIAGNOSTICS OF USING A FOERSTER PROBE AS PART OF A MAGNETOMETER
Authors: Tsybin Yu. N.
Published: December 2021

We have discussed a diagnostics method to assess the admissibility of using a Foerster probe as part of a magnetometer. The diagnostics is based on the compatibility analysis of the magnetic field (MF) induction (B) conversion by a Foerster probe with the parameters of a specific series of Foerster probe output signal converters (OSC). As a reference source of MF, we have used the Earth’s MF. The analysis uses a Foerster probe magnetometer designed according to the MF compensation method in the Foerster probe core piece. The subject of our analysis is the value of the OSC output signal under normal climatic conditions (NCCs), when the Foerster probe is exposed to extreme temperatures. Following the diagnostics, we have made a YES/NO decision on the admissibility of using a Foerster probe with OSCs of this series. As OSC parameters, that limit the use of a Foerster probe, we have adopted the values of the minimum and maximum codes of a digital-to-analog OSC converter, as allowed by relevant documents. The first two diagnostics stages are carried out with inductions of ±Bcon under NCCs, taking into account the Foerster probe zero offset. In this case, Bcon ˂ Вmax, where Вmax is the Foerster probe’s working range. Two subsequent diagnostics stages are carried out using the calculated and experimental characteristics, taking into account the Foerster probe zero offset under effect of extreme temperatures of different signs. We have demonstrated the temperature error specifics and presented the diagnostics algorithm.
DETERMINATION OF THE COMPRESSIVE STRESS OF A RAIL USING THE EFFECT OF ACOUSTOELASTICITY AND STRAIN GAUGE
Authors: Stepanova L. N. , Kurbatov A. N. , Kabanov S. I. , Tenitilov E. S. , Kojemyakin V. L. , Chernova V. V.
Published: December 2021

A method for monitoring the compression stress in a rail and a sample made of steel 20 using the effect of acoustoelasticity and strain gauge has been developed. Wire load cells were pasted to the opposite sides of the rail and the sample. Measurements, recording and processing of strain gauge information was carried out by a certified microprocessor strain gauge system MMTS-64.01 with accuracy class 0.2. To control the compression stress, the developed microprocessor-based ultrasonic system “Akusto-1” was used, which operates on the basis of the acoustoelasticity effect. The angle of input of ultrasonic vibrations, equal to 18°. This allowed to excite longitudinal, transverse and transformed waves in the object. Compressive stresses in the rail and steel sample were carried out by 250-ton loading machine “PSY-250”. Longitudinal and transformed ultrasonic waves were used to control compressive stresses. A comparative analysis of the experimental and calculated dependences of compressive stresses on the load obtained by acoustic, tensometric and computational methods is performed. The reliability of the experimental and calculated results was controlled by a certified microprocessor strain gauge system MMTS-64.01.
METHODOLOGY FOR EVALUATION THE UNCERTAINTY OF MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL STRESS BY THE ULTRASONIC METHOD WITH THE HELP OF AN OPTICAL-ACOUSTIC SEPARATE-COMBINED TRANSDUCER
Authors: Fedorov A. V. , Bychenok V. A. , Berkutov I. V. , Alifanova I. E.
Published: December 2021

The work is devoted to the ultrasonic method for controlling mechanical stresses using ultrasonic head waves. The speed of the head ultrasonic wave is the highest, which allows it to be recorded stably among other types of ultrasonic waves and noises. To determine mechanical stresses, registration of the relative change in the velocity of propagation of the head ultrasonic wave is used, corrected for the change in the measured value caused by the change in the temperature of the test object. Thus, mechanical stresses are not measured directly, but the sources of uncertainty are the results of measurements of the propagation velocity of the head ultrasonic wave, the temperature of the environment and the test object, the coefficients of acoustoelastic and thermoacoustic coupling, and the parameters of the optical-acoustic transducer. The contribution of each of these factors to the results of measurements of mechanical stresses is estimated. On the basis of GOST 34100.3–2017, a method has been developed for asessing the uncertainty of measurements of mechanical stresses by the ultrasonic method using head waves. The dependence of the expanded measurement uncertainty on the value of the measured mechanical stresses was obtained. This dependence shows that measurements of mechanical stresses in the range of less than 100 MPa have an uncertainty of more than 10 % of the measured value. When measuring mechanical stresses over 200 MPa, the measurement uncertainty will not exceed 4 % (at a confidence level of 95 %).The proposed approach to assessing the uncertainty of measurements of mechanical stresses can be useful in the development of requirements for the used measuring instruments, alignment samples and control objects, as well as in the development of methods for monitoring mechanical stresses by the ultrasonic method using an optical-acoustic separate-combined transducer.
TÜRKİYE’DE SİYASAL PAZARLAMA ALANINDA YAYINLANAN TEZLERİN BİBLİYOMETRİK ANALİZİ
Authors: ASLAN Ramazan
Published: December 2021

Pazarlama tekniklerinin siyaset alanında kullanılması ile ortaya çıkan siyasal pazarlama kavramı, son yıllarda hem akademisyenlerin hem de siyasal aktörlerin daha fazla dikkatini çekmektedir. Bu alanda Türkiye’de çok sayıda bilimsel çalışma yapılmış olmasına rağmen, henüz yapılan çalışmalarla ile ilgili güncel bir literatür taraması bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, 1998-2020 yılları arasında Yüksek Öğretim Kurulu (YÖK) Ulusal Tez Merkezi veri tabanında “Siyasal Pazarlama” ve “Politik Pazarlama” alanında yayınlanmış olan yüksek lisans ve doktora tezlerinin nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden bibliyometrik yaklaşım çerçevesinde değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda, “Siyasal Pazarlama” başlığı altında 44 ve “Politik Pazarlama” başlığı altında 30 olmak üzere toplam 74 adet yüksek lisans ve doktora tezine ulaşılmıştır. Veri tabanı üzerinde yayın izni bulunmayan tezlerin analiz aşamasında yaşanabilecek sorunlara neden olmamaları için yayın izni olmayan toplam 6 adet tez araştırma kapsamından çıkartılmış ve izinli 68 adet tez değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı, siyasal pazarlama alanında yapılan akademik çalışmaların genel bir resmini sunmaktır.
BİYOLOJİ EĞİTİMİ VE EKONOMİ
Authors: ÖZALEMDAR Lütfiye
Published: December 2021

Bir toplumun gelişmişlik düzeyi ve küresel rekabetteki yerini belirlemede, o toplumu oluşturan bireylerin değişen ve gelişen koşullara uyum sağlaması ve kendini yetiştirmesi etkin rol oynamaktadır. Bu bağlamda eğitim ve ekonominin birbiriyle olan ilişkisi öne çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; biyoloji eğitiminde yer alan bazı konuların ekonomiyle ilişkisini ve biyoloji eğitiminin bu konuları hangi kazanımlar çerçevesinde ele aldığını ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaca yönelik olarak bu çalışmada nüfus, çevre, doğal kaynaklar, biyoçeşitlilik, teknoloji ve sağlık konuları ele alınmıştır. Biyoloji eğitimindeki kazanımlar Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı ortaöğretim biyoloji dersi öğretim programıyla sınırlı tutulmuştur. Belirli konular kapsamında biyoloji eğitimiyle ekonomi arasındaki ilişkiye dikkat çekmeye çalışan bu çalışmanın literatüre farklı bir pencere açacağı düşünülmektedir. Araştırmanın sonuçları; nüfus, çevre, doğal kaynaklar, biyoçeşitlilik, teknoloji ve sağlık konularının ekonomiyle ilişkili olduğunu ve ekonomiyi etkilediğini ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışmanın diğer sonuçları ise, 2018 biyoloji öğretim programında bu konulara yönelik kazanımların doğrudan ya da dolaylı olarak öğrencilere ekonomik bilgi/beceri/farkındalık kazandırabileceği yönündedir.
FİRMALARIN ÇEVRESEL SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİRLİK DEĞERLERİ VE KURUMSAL YÖNETİM DERECELENDİRME NOTU: BİST KURUMSAL YÖNETİM ENDEKSİ'NDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: ŞEKER Yasin , ATASEL Oğuz Yusuf
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı 2015-2019 yılları arasında BIST Kurumsal Yönetim Endeksi’nde yer alan firmaların sürdürülebilirlik raporlarının çevresel boyutlarının GRI 300’lü seriye göre nicel olarak incelemektir. Bu inceleme yapılırken içerik analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Firmaların ilgili raporları GRI 300’lü seride yer alan GRI 302 Enerji, GRI 303 Su ve Atık Su, GRI 305 Emisyonlar ve GRI 306 Atıklar Standartları çerçevesinde incelenerek nicel veriler toplanmıştır. Toplanan bu veriler esas itibariyle firmaların kurumsal yönetim bakımından şeffaf, hesap verebilir, sorumlu ve adil davranabilmesi bakımından önem arz etmektedir. Çalışmanın sonucunda araştırma kapsamındaki firmaların faaliyetlerini gerçekleştirirken çevresel sürdürülebilirliğe önem verdiği tespit edilmiştir. En çok önem verilen konu ise sera gazı emisyonları ve azaltımı üzerine olmuştur. İkinci önemli konu ise enerji tüketiminin azaltımı ile atıkların geri dönüşümü üzerinedir. Bu verilen önemlerin aksine firmaların sera gazı azaltımı için her ne kadar enerji tüketimini azaltma eğiliminde olsalar bile yenilenebilir enerji kullanımı ikinci planda tuttukları tespit edilmiştir.
RELIGION AND WOMEN’S FERTILITY IN TURKEY: AN ISLAMIC CONTEXT
Authors: FİDAN Ahmet
Published: December 2021

There is a scarcity of research on the association between religion and fertility outside of the Western world. Therefore, the main purpose of the present study is to examine the relationship between religious dimensions and women’s fertility in Turkey. Guided by religious perspectives and by using data from the 2013 Turkey Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS) (N = 7,219) several hypotheses were developed and tested to determine this relationship. Two indicators of fertility were used: number of children and number of children plus current pregnancy. Results from regression models indicated that three religious determinants including performing namaz, fasting, and wearing a headscarf were significantly and positively associated with women’s fertility while attending the Quran course was negatively linked to women’s fertility. The findings of the study were discussed in the social and cultural context of Turkey