bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Adolescent Pregnancy on Child Mortality in 46 Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Noori Navideh , Proctor Joshua L , Efevbera Yvette , Oron Assaf P
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Adolescent pregnancy is a known health risk to mother and child. Statements and reports of health outcomes typically group mothers under 20 years old together. Few studies examined this risk at a finer age resolution, none of them comprehensively, and with differing results.

Methods

We analysed Demographic and Health Surveys data from 2004 to 2018 in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and South Asia, on firstborn children of mothers 25 years old or younger. We examined the association between maternal age and stillbirths, and neonatal mortality rate (NNMR), infant mortality rate (IMR) and under-5 mortality rate (U5MR), using mixed-effects logistic regression adjusting for major demographic variables and exploring the impact of maternal health-seeking.

Results

In both regions and across all endpoints, mortality rates of children born to mothers aged <16 years, 16–17 years and 18–19 years at first birth were about 2–4 times, 1.5–2 times and 1.2–1.5 times higher, respectively, than among firstborn children of mothers aged 23–25. Absolute mortality rates declined over time, but the age gradient remained similar across time periods and regions. Adjusting for rural/urban residence and maternal education, in SSA in 2014–2018 having a <16-year-old mother was associated with ORs of 3.71 (95% CI: 2.50 to 5.51) for stillbirth, 1.92 (1.60–2.30) for NNMR, 2.13 (1.85–2.46) for IMR and 2.39 (2.13–2.68) for U5MR, compared with having a mother aged 23–25. In South Asia, in 2014–2018 ORs were 5.12 (2.85–9.20) for stillbirth, 2.46 (2.03–2.97) for NNMR, 2.62 (2.22–3.08) for IMR and 2.59 (2.22–3.03) for U5MR. Part of the effect on NNMR and IMR may be mediated by a lower maternal health-seeking rate.

Conclusions

Adolescent pregnancy is associated with dramatically worse child survival and mitigated by health-seeking behaviour, likely reflecting a combination of biological and social factors. Refining maternal age reporting will avoid masking the increased risk to children born to very young adolescent mothers. Collection of additional biological and social data may better reveal mediators of this relationship. Targeted intervention strategies to reduce unintended pregnancy at earlier ages may also improve child survival.
Digital health innovations for non-communicable disease management during the COVID-19 pandemic: a rapid scoping review
Authors: Murthy Shruti , Kamath Prashanthi , Godinho Myron Anthony , Gudi Nachiket , Jacob Anil , John Oommen
Published: May 2022

Objective

To identify and summarise the digital health interventions (DHIs) implemented for non-communicable disease (NCD) management for COVID-19.

Design

Rapid scoping review. Three reviewers jointly screened titles–abstracts and full texts. One reviewer screened all excluded records. Data were mapped to WHO DHI Classification and narratively summarised.

Data sources

PubMed, CENTRAL, CINAHL, EMBASE.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies

Peer-reviewed primary research published between 1 November 2019 and 19 September 2021 on DHI for NCD management during the COVID-19 pandemic. Reviews, editorials, letters, commentaries, opinions, conference abstracts and grey literature were excluded.

Results

Eighty-three studies drawn from 5275 records were included. A majority of the studies were quantitative in design. Forty per cent of the DHIs were implemented in the Americas. Nearly half of these DHIs targeted mental health conditions. A majority of the interventions were delivered remotely and via telephones. Zoom (26.5%), email (17%) and WhatsApp (7.5%) were the top three platforms for care delivery. Telemedicine, targeted client interventions, personal health tracking and on-demand information services for clients were the most frequently implemented interventions. Details regarding associated costs, sustainability, scalability and data governance of the DHI implementations were not described in the majority of the studies.

Conclusion

While DHIs supported NCD management during the COVID-19 pandemic, their implementation has not been equitable across geographies or NCDs. While offering promise towards supporting the continuum of care during care delivery disruptions, DHIs need to be embedded into healthcare delivery settings towards strengthening health systems rather than standalone parallel efforts to overcome system level challenges.
Monojet search for heavy neutrinos at future Z-factories
Authors: Shen Yin-Fa , Ding Jian-Nan , Qin Qin
Published: May 2022

The existence of heavy neutrinos is the most prominent feature of type-I seesaw-like mechanisms, which naturally explain tiny masses of observed neutrinos. Various experiments have been conducted to search for heavy neutrinos, with meson decays sensitive to heavy neutrinos lighter thanBmesons and high energy collider experiments sensitive to the ones with masses larger than$${\mathcal {O}}(0.1)$$O(0.1)TeV. In between, there is a mass gap uncovered by these two kinds of experiments, and by this work, we investigate the 3–15 GeV neutrino searches at futureZ-factories via the process$$e^{-}e^{+}\rightarrow Z \rightarrow \nu N \rightarrow \nu \ell {\bar{q}}q'$$e-e+→Z→νN→νℓq¯q′with$$\ell =e,\mu $$ℓ=e,μ. Based on the simulation of signal and background events, we find that the signals appear as monojet events owning to the large Lorentz boost of the heavy neutrinos. Furthermore, the substructures of such monojet are essential to reconstruct the signal and suppress the background. The upper bounds on the cross section of the signal process and the mixing parameter$${\left| V_{\ell N} \right| }^2$$VℓN2are obtained. Compared with other experiments, the monojet method at futureZ-factories will be able to fill the gap around this mass range.
Two-component self-gravitating isothermal slab models
Authors: Bertin Giuseppe , Pegoraro Francesco
Published: May 2022

We revisit the problem of the isothermal slab (in standard Cartesian coordinates, density distributions and mean gravitational potential are considered to be independent of x and y and to be a function of z, symmetric with respect to the $${{z}} = {{0}}$$

z
=
0

plane) in the context of the general issues related to the role of weak collisionality in inhomogeneous self-gravitating stellar systems. We thus consider the two-component case, that is a system of heavy and light stars with assigned mass ratio ($${\varvec{\mu }}$$

μ

) and assigned global relative abundance ($${{\alpha }}$$
α
; the ratio of the total mass of the heavy and light stars). The system is imagined to start from an initial condition in which the two species are well mixed and have identical spatial and velocity distributions and to evolve into a final configuration in which collisions have generated equipartition and mass segregation. Initial and final distribution functions are assumed to be Maxwellian. Application of mass and energy conservation allows us to derive the properties of the final state from the assumed initial conditions. In general, the derivation of these properties requires a simple numerical integration of the Poisson equation. Curiously, the case in which the heavy stars are exactly twice as massive as the light stars ($${{\mu }} = {{2}}$$

μ
=
2

) turns out to admit a relatively simple analytic solution. Although the general framework of this investigation is relatively straightforward, some non-trivial issues related to energy conservation and the possible use of a virial constraint are noted and clarified. The formulation and the results of this paper prepare the way to future studies in which the evolution induced by weak collisionality will be followed either by considering the action of standard collision operators or by means of dedicated numerical simulations.
Knowledge and Awareness About Isolation and Incubation of COVID-19 Among Dental Students: A Survey
Authors: M Subaraman , Keerthi Sasanka L , Gayathri R , Ganapathy Dhanraj
Published: May 2022

The World Health Organization (WHO) states that viral diseases have emerged continuously and stands as a greatest public health issue. For the past two decades, there have been epidemics which include viral infections like H1N1 influenza (2009), the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) (2002), and most recent epidemic was the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) first identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012 following the pandemic COVID-19. At the initial diagnosis, the novel coronavirus was called 2019-nCoV which was later renamed by a group of experts in the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) as SARS-CoV-2 virus because it is similar to the virus that caused SARS (SARS-CoVs). One among the main pathogens that targets the human respiratory system was coronavirus. The past coronaviruses outbreaks comprises the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV which have been a severe public health threat. This is a questionnaire based study where the questionnaire was formatted to assess the knowledge and awareness about the infection COVID. The study was done through an online platform Google forms which consisted of 15 questions. The study population included dental students. The data was received and statistics were analyzed and graphically represented. In total, the results are positive. This survey concluded that dental students are aware of the isolation and incubation of COVID-19.
Predictive Differential Game Guidance Approach for Hypersonic Target Interception Based on CQPSO
Authors: He Fan , Chen Weiyi , Bao Yang
Published: May 2022

In the descent phase of the hypersonic target flight trajectory, the hypersonic speed of the target makes the reaction time shorter. Due to overload restrictions, it is challenging for the interceptor to achieve successful interception. To address this problem, a predictive differential game guidance approach based on dynamic optimization algorithm is proposed to relax the interceptor acceleration requirements. Two-dimensional kinematics and dynamics engagement mode for hypersonic target interception is formulated as a nonlinear differential control model in the presence of matched uncertainties. The nonlinear differential model is transformed into a differential game model by combining a performance index. The performance index is positively correlated with the Line-Of-Sight (LOS) rate and control effort of interceptor and negatively correlated with the target maneuver. The Chaotic Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization (CQPSO) algorithm is utilized to address the nonlinear differential game problem to generate the instantaneous and predicted guidance commands for the interceptor and target. Numerical examples are given to verify the performance of the proposed guidance law in various engagement scenarios, including different target maneuvers, initial heading angles and target overload. Moreover, the performance of the algorithm is validated comparing with traditional and state-of-the-art guidance laws.
Satellite In-Orbit Secondary Collision Risk Assessment
Authors: Tao Haicheng , Che Xueke , Zhu Qinyu , Li XinHong
Published: May 2022

The massive mega constellation of satellites will have a significant impact on global space safety. With Starlink as an example, this paper is aimed at assessing the risk of in-orbit collision, analyzing the probability of collision in orbit in its natural operating state, and forecasting the probability of secondary collision between the collision-generated short-term debris cloud and satellites in the same orbit. The mass, size, velocity, and direction of space debris in a particular orbit of Starlink satellite are calculated based on the MASTER-8 model, and the shape characteristics of the Starlink satellite are added to the model to determine the probability of a Starlink satellite colliding with space debris in that orbit. A modified spacecraft impact disintegration model then is used to calculate the collision results and estimate the collision threat level of the short-term debris cloud formed by the Starlink satellite after its destruction to satellites in the same orbit. The results indicate that the collision probability of Starlink satellite in orbit natural operation exceeds the red warning threshold 10-4 that the satellite disintegration after the first collision will generate 14088 pieces of debris over 1 cm, of which 4092 debris are potentially dangerous to other spacecraft, and that the collision probability to a satellite in the same orbit exceeds the red warning threshold of 10-4 within 30 minutes, implying that collision avoidance needs to be improved.
Grey Matter Hypertrophy and Atrophy in Early-Blind Adolescents: A Surface-Based Morphometric Study
Authors: Hou Fen , Li Hengguo , Li Ping , Shen Hongrong , Yang Yu , Li Bo , Long Qian  , Fan Yang , Li Hai , Hou Gangqiang , Jiang Wentao , Zhou Zhifeng , Liu Xia
Published: May 2022

Objective. This study is aimed at exploring the regional changes in brain cortical morphology (thickness, volume, and surface area) in the early-blind adolescents (EBAs) by using the surface-based morphometric (SBM) method. Methods. High-resolution structural T1-weighted images (T1WI) of 23 early-blind adolescents (EBAs) and 21 age- and gender-matched normal-sighted controls (NSCs) were acquired. Structural indices, including cortical thickness (CT), cortical volume (CV), and surface area (SA), were analyzed by using FreeSurfer software, and the correlations between structural indices and the blindness duration were computed by Pearson correlation analysis. Results. Compared to controls, EBAs had significantly reduced CV and SA mainly in the primary visual cortex (V1) and decreased CV in the left vision-related cortices (r-MFC). There were no regions that EBAs had a significantly larger CV or SA than NSCs. EBAs had significantly increased CT in the V1 and strongly involved the visual cortex (right lateral occipital gyrus, LOG.R) and the left superior temporal gyrus (STG.L), while it had decreased CT in the left superior parietal lobule (SPL.L) and the right lingual gyrus (LING.R). Additionally, no correlation was found between cortical morphometric measures and clinical variables in the EBA group. Conclusions. SBM is a useful method for detecting human brain structural abnormalities in blindness. The results showed that these structural abnormalities in the visual cortex and visual-related areas outside the occipital cortex in the EBAs not only may be influenced by neurodevelopment, degeneration, plasticity, and so on but also involved the interaction of these factors after the early visual deprivation.
Credit Risk Measurement, Decision Analysis, Transformation and Upgrading for Financial Big Data
Authors: Wu Wenshuai
Published: May 2022

There is no well‐built theory on credit risk measurement and decision analysis for financial big data, and an effective and scientific evaluation system for them has not been formed. A review of them can contribute to grasping the abovementioned topics, understanding current issues, analyzing research problems, mastering research challenges, and predicting future research directions. Besides, this paper points out four research directions of credit risk measurement and decision analysis for financial big data. Moreover, this paper can provide some guidance directions and insights for practitioners, researchers, financial institutions, and government departments who have an interest in complex decision‐making in big data.
Concurrent Activation of Kras and Canonical Wnt Signaling Induces Premalignant Lesions That Progress to Extrahepatic Biliary Cancer in Mice
Authors: Nagao Munemasa , Fukuda Akihisa , Omatsu Mayuki , Namikawa Mio , Sono Makoto , Fukunaga Yuichi , Masuda Tomonori , Araki Osamu , Yoshikawa Takaaki , Ogawa Satoshi , Masuo Kenji , Goto Norihiro , Hiramatsu Yukiko , Muta Yu , Tsuda Motoyuki , Maruno Takahisa , Nakanishi Yuki , Taketo Makoto Mark , Ferrer Jorge , Tsuruyama Tatsuaki , Nakanuma Yasuni , Taura Kojiro , Uemoto Shinji , Seno Hiroshi
Published: May 2022

Biliary cancer has long been known to carry a poor prognosis, yet the molecular pathogenesis of carcinoma of the extrahepatic biliary system and its precursor lesions remains elusive. Here we investigated the role of Kras and canonical Wnt pathways in the tumorigenesis of the extrahepatic bile duct (EHBD) and gall bladder (GB). In mice, concurrent activation of Kras and Wnt pathways induced biliary neoplasms that resembled human intracholecystic papillary-tubular neoplasm (ICPN) and biliary intraepithelial neoplasia (BilIN), putative precursors to invasive biliary cancer. At a low frequency, these lesions progressed to adenocarcinoma in a xenograft model, establishing them as precancerous lesions. Global gene expression analysis revealed increased expression of genes associated with c-Myc and TGFβ pathways in mutant biliary spheroids. Silencing or pharmacologic inhibition of c-Myc suppressed proliferation of mutant biliary spheroids, whereas silencing of Smad4/Tgfbr2 or pharmacologic inhibition of TGFβ signaling increased proliferation of mutant biliary spheroids and cancer formation in vivo. Human ICPNs displayed activated Kras and Wnt signals and c-Myc and TGFβ pathways. Thus, these data provide direct evidence that concurrent activation of the Kras and canonical Wnt pathways results in formation of ICPN and BilIN, which could develop into biliary cancer.

Significance:

This work shows how dysregulation of canonical cell growth pathways drives precursors to biliary cancers and identifies several molecular vulnerabilities as potential therapeutic targets in these precursors to prevent oncogenic progression.
No Back-up Plan: Loss of Isozyme Diversity as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Cancer
Authors: Kehinde Abisola Z. , Parker Seth J.
Published: May 2022

Metabolic rewiring in cancer cells supports many aspects of tumor growth. Understanding the mechanisms that result in metabolic rewiring, such as altered enzyme expression, is key to identifying therapeutic vulnerabilities that selectively target cancer cells. In this issue of Cancer Research, Marczyk and colleagues analyze matched tumor-normal enzyme expression across 14 different cancer types and report that cancer cells exhibit a general loss of isozyme diversity (LID) relative to corresponding normal tissue. The authors hypothesized that the presence of a cancer dominant isozyme may reduce metabolic plasticity and uniquely sensitize cancer cells to isozyme-specific inhibitors. Several LID targets were identified, including acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), which the authors validated using a clinically available inhibitor of ACC1/2. This study is the first to systematically evaluate isozymes affected by LID, which represents a promising strategy to target the unique metabolic demands of cancer.

See related article by Marczyk et al., p. 1698
Midkine Promotes Metastasis and Therapeutic Resistance via mTOR/RPS6 in Uveal Melanoma
Authors: Karg Margarete M. , John Lukas , Refaian Nasrin , Buettner Christian , Rottmar Tanja , Sommer Jonas , Bock Barbara , Resheq Yazid J. , Ksander Bruce R. , Heindl Ludwig M. , Mackensen Andreas , Bosch Jacobus J.
Published: May 2022

Uveal melanoma is a rare form of melanoma that originates in the eye, exerts widespread therapeutic resistance, and displays an inherent propensity for hepatic metastases. Because metastatic disease is characterized by poor survival, there is an unmet clinical need to identify new therapeutic targets in uveal melanoma. Here, we show that the pleiotropic cytokine midkine is expressed in uveal melanoma. Midkine expression in primary uveal melanoma significantly correlates with poor survival and is elevated in patients that develop metastatic disease. Monosomy 3 and histopathologic staging parameters are associated with midkine expression. In addition, we demonstrate that midkine promotes survival, migration across a barrier of hepatic sinusoid endothelial cells and resistance to AKT/mTOR inhibition. Furthermore, midkine is secreted and mediates mTOR activation by maintaining phosphorylation of the mTOR target RPS6 in uveal melanoma cells. Therefore, midkine is identified as a uveal melanoma cell survival factor that drives metastasis and therapeutic resistance, and could be exploited as a biomarker as well as a new therapeutic target.

Implications:

Midkine is identified as a survival factor that drives liver metastasis and therapeutic resistance in melanoma of the eye.
Outcomes of Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke When Multiple Passes Are Required and Associated Risk Factors
Authors: He Hong , Liu Yi-Sheng , Liang Hai-Bing , Li Yi , Liu Jian-Ren
Published: May 2022

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke when multiple passes are required and to identify the associated risk factors. Methods: Consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with mechanical thrombectomy at the Neurology Department of Ninth People’s Hospital and the Neurosurgery Department of Xinhua Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from 2013 to 2018 were included. Patients were divided into 2 groups: those who received ≤2 passes and those who received >2 passes. Outcomes of the 2 groups were compared. Multivariate linear regression was used to determine factors associated with the need for >2 passes. All patient data were reviewed retrospectively. Results: A total of 122 patients were included, of whom 83 patients required ≤2 passes and 39 patients required >2 passes. After adjusting for sex, atrial fibrillation history, smoking history, and involvement of middle cerebral artery and internal cerebral artery, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was associated with a 1.08-times greater risk of >2 passes (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.17), and internal carotid artery with a 5.13-times greater risk of >2 passes (95% CI: 1.02–25.69). Having more than 2 passes was associated with significantly higher 7-day (25.6% vs. 6%), 90-day mortality rates (34.2% vs. 16%) and a significantly lower recanalization rate (66.7% vs. 89.2%). Conclusion: Needing more than 2 passes during mechanical thrombectomy is associated with poorer outcomes. Higher preprocedural NIHSS scores and internal carotid artery thrombi are associated with more than 2 passes.
Slow and Powerless Thought Dynamic Relates to Brooding in Unipolar and Bipolar Depression
Authors: Rostami Samira , Borjali Ahamad , Eskandari Hosein , Rostami Reza , Scalabrini Andrea , Northoff Georg
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Depression can be characterized by rumination that is featured by spontaneity and perseveration of internally oriented thoughts. At the same time, depressed subjects complain about abnormal slowness and lack of power/energy in their thoughts, suggesting abnormal “thought dynamics.” The relationship between rumination and thought dynamics in depression remains unclear, though. Method: We investigated thought dynamics and rumination in healthy control, major depressive disorder (MDD), and depressed bipolar disorder (BD) subjects. The dynamics in the spontaneous shift between internally and externally oriented thoughts were measured by a novel method of continuous experience sampling whose time series was subjected to power and frequency analyses. Subjects filled out the Beck Depression Inventory-II and Ruminative Response Scale questionnaires to evaluate current depressive symptoms and ruminative responses to negative affect. The methods used to analyze data included χ2, Pearson correlation, ANOVA, and partial correlation. Results: Our main findings are: (i) increased number and longer duration of internally oriented thought contents in MDD and BD; (ii) reduced thought dynamics with slower frequency (calculated in Hz) and decreased power (power spectral density) in shifting between internally and externally oriented thoughts, especially in MDD and, less strongly, in BD subjects; and (iii) power spectral density as a dimension of thought dynamics is related to brooding rumination with depression severity explaining high degrees of their variance. Conclusion: Our results show slow frequency and low power in the internal-external thought dynamic of acute MDD and depressed BD. Together with its close relation to depression severity and rumination, our findings highlight the key importance of abnormal dynamics on the cognitive level of depression.
Analysis of Factors Influencing Restenosis after Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty
Authors: Luo Qian , Liu Hong , Yang Quan
Published: May 2022

Introduction: This study aimed to analyse the influencing factors of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) ultrasound-guided restenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). Methods: This was a retrospective trial. The clinical data and ultrasound examination data of patients in maintenance haemodialysis who received ultrasound-guided PTA for AVF stenosis at our hospital from January 2018 to December 2020 were retrospectively analysed. The fistula patency and the relationship between age, dialysis age, fistula service age, combined hypertension, diabetes, hypoproteinaemia, stenosis type, fistula location, and patency rate after the operation were evaluated. Results: A total of 128 participants were evaluated. The results showed that being over 65 years old, with complications from hypertension, diabetes, and hypoproteinaemia, are all risk factors affecting the patency of postoperative internal fistulas. Compared with lumen stenosis, the patency rate of hyperplastic endothelial stenosis (p = 0.014) and thrombotic stenosis (p = 0.017) was lower, and the difference was statistically significant. The patency rate of the mixed site (p = 0.010), the anastomotic site (p = 0.041), and the cephalic vein near the anastomotic site (p = 0.018) was lower than the forearm cephalic vein, and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: Age, hypertension complications, diabetes complications, hypoproteinaemia, and the type and location of the AVF stenosis were essential for vascular patency of internal fistulas after PTA. Other risk factors of restenosis after PTA still need further research.
ANLN Serves as an Oncogene in Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma via Activating JNK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Chen Sheng , Gao Yi , Chen Fei , Wang Tian-Bao
Published: May 2022

Introduction: To understand the significance of ANLN (anillin, actin-binding protein)-mediated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signal pathway on the progression of bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA). Methods: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was utilized to perform the clinical significance of ANLN in BLCA. Then, ANLN expression was determined in human normal primary bladder epithelial cells (BdEC) and BLCA cells. Later, ANLN knockdown was performed in BLCA cells, where the expression of MAPK8, MAPK9, and p-JNK/JNK was detected. BLCA cells were divided into the Mock, siNC, siANLN, SP600125 (a selective JNK inhibitor), and ANLN + SP600125 group, followed by measurements of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, 3-4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide, Annexin V-FITC/PI, Wound-healing, Transwell, and immunofluorescence assays. Results: ANLN was upregulated in the BLCA tissues, which showed a relation with the stage of patients. Besides, BLCA patients with high expression of ANLN had a worse prognosis than those with low expression of ANLN. Besides, the expression of ANLN in the BLCA tissues was positively correlated with MAPK8 and MAPK9. SP600125 suppressed the JNK signal pathway, reduced the proliferation, and increased BLCA cell apoptosis, with the reductions in the invasion and migration and the upregulation of phospho-histone H3 Ser-10 (pHH3), which was abolished by the overexpression of ANLN. Conclusion: ANLN, as an oncogene of BLCA, may associate with the activation of JNK signal pathway. Inhibiting ANLN could deactivate the JNK signal pathway, thereby suppressing the proliferation, invasion, and migration while promoting the apoptosis of BLCA cells.
Alzheimer’s Disease Plasma Biomarkers Distinguish Clinical Diagnostic Groups in Memory Clinic Patients
Authors: Gerards Michelle , Schild Ann-Katrin , Meiberth Dix , Rostamzadeh Ayda , Vehreschild Jörg Janne , Wingen-Heimann Sebastian , Johannis Wibke , Martino Adami Pamela , Onur Oezguer A. , Ramirez Alfredo , Karikari Thomas K. , Ashton Nicholas J. , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Maier Franziska , Jessen Frank
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Several recent research studies show high performance of blood biomarkers to identify Alzheimer’s disease also in the pre-dementia mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stage, but data from the routine clinical care memory clinic setting are needed. Methods: We examined plasma samples of 144 memory clinic patients, including dementia of Alzheimer type (DAT, n = 54), MCI (n = 57), and subjective cognitive decline (SCD, n = 33), who either presented as self-referrals or were referred by general practitioners or neurologists or psychiatrists. The plasma biomarkers, amyloid-beta42 (Aß42), amyloid-beta40 (Aß40), phospho-Tau181 (pTau181), total-tau (tTau), and neurofilament light (NFL), as well as different ratios, were measured using the ultrasensitive single molecule array (Simoa) immunoassay technology. Statistical analysis including Kruskal-Wallis test, linear regression, and receiver operating characteristics analyses was performed. Results: Of the single markers, we observed statistically significant group effects of pTau181 (H(2) = 34.43, p < 0.001) and NFL (H(2) = 27.66, p < 0.001). All individual group comparisons of pTau181 were significant, while the contrast of SCD versus MCI for NFL was not significant. In addition, the ratios of Aß42/Aß40 (H(2) = 7.50, p = 0.02) and pTau181/Aß42 (H(2) = 25.26, p < 0.001) showed significant group effects with significant difference between all groups for pTau181/Aß42 and an SCD versus MCI difference for Aß42/Aß40. PTau181 showed the highest area under the curve of 0.85 for the discrimination of SCD and DAT with a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 79% at a cut-off of 12.2 pg/mL. Age influenced Aß42, Aß40, and NFL concentrations. Conclusion: Plasma pTau181 and NFL, as well as the ratios Aß42/Aß40 and pTau181/Aß42, are biomarkers, which can differentiate diagnostic groups in a memory clinic setting outside of research studies.
A Case of Acute Plastic Deformation of the Forearm in a Medieval Hispano-Mudejar Skeleton (13–14th Centuries AD)
Authors: Dorado-Fernández Enrique , Aso-Escario José , Aso-Vizán Alberto , Ramírez-González Ildefonso , Carrillo-Rodríguez Manuel F. , Cáceres-Monllor David , Murillo-González Jorge
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Acute plastic deformation refers to a traumatic bending or bowing without a detectable cortical defect. Case Presentation and Discussion: We describe a rare case from an individual that was exhumed from the Hispano-Mudejar necropolis in Uceda (Guadalajara, Spain) dated between the 13th and 14th centuries AD. The case corresponds to an adult woman, with a bowing involvement of the left ulna and radius. After making the differential diagnosis with various pathologies likely to present with this alteration, we reached the diagnosis of acute plastic deformation of the forearm through external and radiological examination and comparison with the healthy contralateral forearm. Conclusions: Acute plastic deformation is a rare traumatic injury, not described until the last century and only rarely described in palaeopathological contexts. We contribute a new case, the first being sufficiently documented, contributing to the knowledge and diagnosis of this type of trauma in the ancient bone, while deepening the knowledge of the living conditions of the medieval Mudejar population of Uceda.
A Case Report on Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome in Palliative Care: How Good Intentions Can Go Wrong
Authors: Senderovich Helen , Waicus Sarah
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Synthetic cannabinoids are commonly used to manage pain, nausea, and vomiting in oncology and palliative care. Despite the current acceptance of cannabinoids as a treatment option for nausea and vomiting, there is a lack of data regarding the side effects of its prolonged use leading to possible toxicity due to accumulation, and as a result, exacerbation of nausea and vomiting rather than alleviation. Case Report Presentation: The patient, a 70-year-old female, was residing in the palliative care unit with the diagnosis of small-cell lung cancer. She underwent a course of chemotherapy consisting of paclitaxel, docetaxel, and cisplatin. She presented with hair loss, sore mouth, a loss of appetite, diarrhea, neuralgia, nausea, and vomiting which developed approximately 5 h after chemotherapy. Nabilone was used for the last 5 years to manage the patient’s neuralgia. As her cancer progressed, a dosage of nabilone was incrementally increased from 0.5 to 2 mg to control her pain; however, it exacerbated refractory nausea and vomiting. Nabilone was discontinued 7 weeks after administration due to suspicion of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome. Hot baths were attempted with temporary relief. Her pain became well controlled with opioids and adjuvants and there has been no recurrence of nausea and vomiting since the cessation of nabilone. Discussion/Conclusion: Successful recognition and management of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome is especially important in individuals with comorbid disorders in order to avoid cannabis toxicity.
Fructuoso Vianna obras inéditas para piano: um LP da pianista brasileira Sônia Goulart
Authors: Silva Eliana Monteiro
Published: May 2022

Por volta de 1987, a pianista brasileira Sônia Goulart publicava um LP inteiramente dedicado às obras do compositor Fructuoso Vianna (1896-1976), intitulado Fructuoso Vianna - obras quase inéditas para piano. Em entrevista concedida a XXXX, a concertista fala desta experiência, da importância de Fructuoso Vianna para a música brasileira e do quanto suas composições integraram programas de concerto de intérpretes mulheres, principalmente no Brasil do século XX.
Performance musical: estágio preliminar para a produção de pesquisa
Authors: Lima Sonia Regina Albano de
Published: May 2022

O artigo retrata os tipos de raciocínio aplicados nas ciências e nas artes, como se processa a pesquisa artística, quais são suas características e objetivos. No que diz respeito e modalidades de pesquisa em música e a forma como os performers musicais desenvolvem um estágio preliminar de pesquisa musical capaz de subsidiar pesquisas mais avançadas no setor. Fundamentam parte deste artigo as publicações de Marconi & Lakatos, L. Santaella, entre outros, e os intérpretes musicais que relatam como desenvolvem suas performances, situação capaz de subsidiar pesquisas importantes nesta subárea.
Análise da Sonata Fantasia n. 1 de Heitor Villa-Lobos
Authors: Cruz Claudio Pereira , Soares Eliel Almeida
Published: May 2022

A Sonata Fantasia nº. 1 para Violino e Piano de Heitor Villa-Lobos (1887-1959) constitui-se como uma das três obras do gênero escritas entre 1912 e 1920, sendo que ela é conhecida por: Désespérance, possivelmente estreada em 1917. É pertinente ressaltar que, nesse período de sua vida, Villa-Lobos transita entre o romantismo tardio e modernismo, além do nacionalismo (neofolclorismo) nascente. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho tem como proposta expor o tratamento complexo das melodias, harmonias e dos motivos trabalhados pelo compositor, apresentando, assim, alguns resultados obtidos mediante um exame e uma revisão analítica. Para tanto, a metodologia empregada nessa observação consiste em uma análise motívica, harmônica e interpretativa, visando assim melhor clarificação do discurso musical elaborado por Villa-Lobos.
– "Money: zero!": transcrição da entrevista do compositor Fructuoso Vianna (1896-1976), para o MIS do Rio de Janeiro, em 1974
Authors: Castro Marcos Câmara de , Pereira Rafael Stein
Published: May 2022

O objetivo deste trabalho é transcrever o depoimento do compositor brasileiro Fructuoso Vianna realizado para o ciclo “Música Erudita”, do Museu da Imagem e do Som (MIS) em 23 de agosto de 1974. Buscamos manter a transcrição o mais fiel possível, identificando terminologias, ideias, e conceitos que atualmente necessitem de maiores explicações. Com o depoimento de Fructuoso Vianna ao MIS, temos o intuito de apresentar as ideias e a trajetória do compositor, a fim de oferecer aos estudantes e pesquisadores   elementos que ajudem numa melhor compreensão de suas composições. Além disso procuramos identificar as mais diferentes figuras históricas que perpassaram a vida do compositor.
Association between Periodontitis and Aortic Calcification: A Cohort Study
Authors: Yu Ying-lin , Ma Jun-rong , Li Shu-na , Liao Min-qi , Xu Shan , Chen Hong-en , Dai Shu-hong , Peng Xiao-lin , Zhao Dan , Lou Yan-mei , Yu Xiao-xuan , Gao Xu-ping , Liu Yan-hua , Liu Jun , Ke Xing-yao , Ping Zhao , Wang Li , Wang Chang-yi , Zeng Fang-fang
Published: May 2022

The present study investigated the association between the presence of periodontitis and aortic calcification (AC) risk among Chinese adults. A total of 6059 individuals who underwent regular health check-ups and received a diagnosis of periodontitis between 2009 and 2016 were included. The outcome was AC, assessed by a chest low-dose spiral CT scan. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to assess the association between periodontitis and AC risk after adjusting for several confounders. After a median follow-up period of 2.3 years (interquartile range: 1.03–4.97 years), 843 cases of AC were identified, with 532 (12.13%) and 311 (18.59%) patients in the non-periodontitis group and periodontitis group, respectively. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that, compared with those without periodontitis, the hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval for AC risk in participants with periodontitis was 1.18 (1.02–1.36) ( P = .025) in the fully adjusted model. Stratified analyses showed that the positive relationship between periodontitis and AC was more evident in males and participants <65 years of age (pinteraction = .005 and .004, respectively). Our results show that the presence of periodontitis was positively associated with AC among Chinese adults, especially among males and younger participants.
Expression of Tissue microRNAs in Ascending Aortic Aneurysms and Dissections
Authors: Goliopoulou Athina , Oikonomou Evangelos , Antonopoulos Alexis , Koumallos Nikolaos , Gazouli Maria , Theofilis Panagiotis , Mystakidi Vasiliki-Chara , Pantelidis Panteleimon , Vavuranakis Michael-Andrew , Siasos Gerasimos , Tousoulis Dimitris
Published: May 2022

Little is known about the role of serum and tissue mediators in the progression of ascending aortic aneurysms and dissections. We examined how the tissue expression of microRNAs and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), as well as the serum levels of osteoprotegerin, adiponectin, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) are associated with these entities. We enrolled 21 patients with ascending aortic aneurysm, 11 with acute Stanford type A aortic dissection and 18 controls. The serum levels of osteoprotegerin, adiponectin, and hsCRP, as well as the tissue expression of MMPs 2 and 9 and tissue microRNAs 29 and 195 were compared among groups. There was no difference regarding serum osteoprotegerin, adiponectin, and tissue MMP2 and MMP9 levels. hsCRP was higher in the dissection group ( P = .03). Tissue expression of microRNA 29 was 2.11-fold higher in the dissection ( P = .001) and 2.99-fold higher in the aneurysm group ( P < .001), compared with the control group. Tissue expression of microRNA 195 was 2.72-fold higher in the dissection ( P < .001) and 2.00-fold lower in the aneurysm group ( P = .08), compared with to the control group. These findings support the contribution of microRNAs in the progression of aneurysm formation and dissection, suggesting a role as potential biomarkers and future therapeutic targets.
H2FPEF Score and Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Ozbeyaz Nail Burak , Gokalp Gokhan , Algul Engin , Sahan Haluk Furkan , Aydinyilmaz Faruk , Guliyev Ilkin , Kalkan Kamuran
Published: May 2022

Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is one of the most common complications associated with coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This study evaluated the relationship between the H2FPEF (obesity (H), hypertension(H), atrial fibrillation (F), pulmonary hypertension (P), an age >60 years (E), and E/e’ > 9 (F)) score which is used to diagnose heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and CIN. Patients (n = 1346) who underwent PCI for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) between December 2018 and January 2021 were retrospectively included. Contrast-induced nephropathy patients had significantly higher H2FPEF scores (4.10 ± 1.92 vs 2.28 ± 1.56, P < .001). In addition, the H2FPEF score was found to be an independent risk factor for the development of CIN (Odd Ratio 1.633 95% CI (1.473-1.811), P < .001) together with age, diabetes mellitus, systolic pulmonary arterial pressure, and left anterior descending as an infarct-related artery. According to point biserial correlation analysis, CIN and H2FPEF score have a strong correlation (rpb = .376, P < .001). The receiver operating characteristic curve showed the optimal cutoff value of the H2FPEF score to predict the development of CIN was 2.5, with 79.8% sensitivity and 64.1% specificity. In conclusion, the H2FPEF score may predict the development of CIN in patients presenting with ACS and undergoing PCI.
‘Why give birth to many children when you cannot take care of them?’ Determinants of family size among dual-earner couples in Ghana
Authors: Gyan Sylvia Esther , Kpoor Albert
Published: May 2022

The family size in Ghana is increasingly changing from large to small family sizes due to modernization. As societies become modernized, couples begin to limit their family size despite the high value society places on children in marriage and the family. In this study, we explore the factors influencing reproductive behaviour among Ghanaian dual-earner couples by highlighting the subjective views on factors that influence the number of children they have or hope to have as a couple. A qualitative approach was used to collect and analyse data. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews with 47 dual-earner couples from rural and urban communities selected from five regions in Ghana. Twenty key informant interviews were held with community leaders to provide the social context of the study areas. The data were analysed thematically. The study observed that there were no differences in the factors influencing family size in rural and urban communities in Ghana. Also, the findings are consistent with previous studies that identified factors such as the cost of raising children and women’s participation in the labour force although the meanings and interpretations that couples attribute to these factors have changed slightly. Couples’ family size was influenced by the need to ensure a comfortable life for their children. Access to modern contraceptives and infertility also came up as influencing family size. Overall, the changing family size among dual earner couples can be attributed to a combination of factors that are interrelated and interdependent.
Individual responsibility or trust in the state: A comparison of surrogates’ legal consciousness
Authors: Teman Elly , Berend Zsuzsa
Published: May 2022

Drawing on ethnographic research in the United States and Israel, two countries that have long-term experience with surrogacy, we compare surrogates’ understanding of, approaches to, and expectations about regulation. Women who become surrogates in these two countries hold opposite views about regulation. US surrogates formulate their rejection of standardized regulation—including standardized screening and contracts—by emphasizing their own responsibility for the legal, relational, and medical aspects of surrogate pregnancy. They want more oversight of fertility clinics and surrogacy agencies but ultimately argue for individual accountability. Israeli surrogates, conversely, support centralized government regulation of the practice and even defend Israel’s centralized regulation of surrogacy; many advocate for the extension of the law and the state to assume more responsibility for these arrangements. We discuss these differing formations of legal consciousness in terms of Engel’s conceptualization of “individualism emphasizing personal responsibility” versus “rights-oriented individualism.”
Special and General Education Teachers’ Beliefs About Writing and Writing Instruction
Authors: Graham Steve , Collins Alyson A. , Ciullo Stephen
Published: May 2022

Seventy-six general education and 67 special education teachers working in the same 66 elementary schools were surveyed about their beliefs about writing. Each teacher taught writing to one or more fourth-grade students receiving special education services, including students with learning disabilities. Survey findings indicated that general education teachers believed that they were better prepared to teach writing than special education teachers, and they were more positive about their own efforts to learn to teach writing. General education teachers also held more positive attitudes about teaching writing and their own capabilities as a writer than their special education counterparts. Furthermore, general educators were more likely than special educators to indicate that writing developed through effort and process, and less likely to think that writing knowledge came from experts. Beliefs about adequacy of preparation to teach writing predicted teachers’ beliefs about their level of knowledge to teach writing, efficacy to overcome students’ writing difficulties, and attitudes toward teaching writing. Recommendations for future research and implications for practice are presented.
Young Adults’ Distress About Police Brutality Following the Death of George Floyd
Authors: Howard Lauren C. , Krueger Evan A. , Barker Joshua O. , Boley Cruz Tess , Cwalina Sam N. , Unger Jennifer B. , Barrington-Trimis Jessica L. , Leventhal Adam M.
Published: May 2022

Following the homicide of George Floyd on May 25, 2020, young adults participated widely in national protests against racism and police brutality. This study examined temporal trends and correlates of self-reported distress about police brutality from May 18 to August 3, 2020 among a cohort of young adults (ages 19–22; N = 2,080) from Los Angeles, CA. Bivariate and adjusted linear regression models estimated the association between survey completion date and distress about police brutality. Distress about police brutality increased substantially in the 2-weeks after Floyd’s death (43% increase over baseline), but gradually declined over the ensuing 8 weeks to a 19% increase over baseline. Results suggest that police violence is contributing to stress and worry among young adults.
The Role of Future Orientation and Self-Mastery After Bullying Victimization: Associations With Depression
Authors: Girón Karla J. , Doty Jennifer
Published: May 2022

The high prevalence of bullying is accompanied by research suggesting that bullying victimization predicts depressive symptoms during late adolescence. However, the processes through which bullying may lead to depression are not fully understood. This study used structural equation modeling to examine future orientation and self-mastery in the relationship between bullying and depression. Researchers used three waves of data ( N = 448; Mage = 14.83; 52% female) in the Youth Development Study. The indirect pathway from bullying victimization to depressive symptoms through self-mastery was significant, suggesting that self-mastery may mediate the relationship. Results demonstrate that bullying victimization has long-term effects on adolescents’ mental health, and self-mastery can serve as a potential target for intervention and prevention.