bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Model Teams Games Tournament (TGT) dalam Mengembangkan Sikap Taat Peraturan pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Al Maulidah Nurrohmatillah , Dhari Fani Sri Wulan , Widodo Susilo Tri , Aristiyowati Hesti
Published: January 2024

Pendidikan Pancasila di sekolah dasar memiliki peran yang krusial dalam membentuk karakter dan kesadaran moral siswa, namun seringkali Pendidikan Pancasila dianggap pelajaran sepele dan kurang diminati siswa dengan faktor penyebab yang beragam. Perlu dilakukan sebuah penelitian untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan yang terjadi di lapangan. Menawarkan berbagai metode penelitian, salah satunya adalah penelitian dengan metode action research yang dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas metode action research yang dikombinasikan dengan model Teams Games Tournament (TGT) dalam meningkatkan pemahaman siswa terhadap materi peraturan, dengan fokus pada pembentukan karakter dan kesadaran moral. Selain itu, pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan teknik analisis deskriptif melalui analisis penelitian kepustakaan. Dari metode tersebut telah didapatkan hasil penelitian bahwa kombinasi metode action research dengan model Teams Games Tournament (TGT) lebih efektif dalam memberikan pemahaman yang kuat kepada siswa dibandingkan dengan menggunakan media gambar saja. Jadi, kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membuktikan bahwa penerapan metode action research dengan model Teams Games Tournament (TGT) dapat memberikan kontribusi signifikan dalam meningkatkan pemahaman siswa terhadap nilai-nilai Pancasila, pembentukan karakter, dan kesadaran moral.
Penerapan Media Inovatif Berbasis Problem Based Learning sebagai Upaya Mengatasi Kesulitan Belajar Peserta Didik pada Pembelajaran Pendidikan Pancasila di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Anis Indira Dwi Saputri  , Ervitaviyan Wahyu Putri Pangestu  , Susilo Tri Widodo  , Nur Indah Wahyuni  , Tri Wahyu Andayani
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan media inovatif berbasis Problem Based Learning sebagai upaya mengatasi kesulitan belajar peserta didik pada pembelajaran pendidikan pancasila kelas 1 SD Negeri Kuningan 01 Kota Semarang. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan 3 kali pertemuan (Pra siklus, Siklus I, dan Siklus II). Sampel yang diambil peserta didik kelas 1 dengan jumlah 28 peserta didik. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa adanya penerapan media inovatif berbasis Problem Based Learning lebih dipahami oleh peserta didik serta lebih aktif dalam kegiatan pembelajaran. Melalui hasil nilai rata-rata pada siklus I diperoleh 79 serta pada siklus II terjadi peningkatan sebanyak 87. Dengan demikian terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik yang signifikan.
Strategi Mengatasi Kesulitan Membaca pada Pelajaran Pancasila Siswa Kelas 1 Menggunakan Media Papan Pintar Pancasila
Authors: Lu'lu'a Khilwiyatul , Luthfiana Lintang , Widodo Susilo Tri , Wahyuni Nur Indah , Khusna Dana Sabila
Published: January 2024

Artikel ini dilatarbelakangi dengan pentingnya guru dalam memahami peningkatan hasil belajar siswa pada materi pembelajaran, khususnya yaitu dalam mengatasi siswa yang mengalami kesulitan dalam  membaca. Salah satu cara dalam mengatasi hal tersebut yaitu perlu diadakannya solusi yang tepat guna mengatasi permasalahan yang diketahui. Media pembelajaran berupa papan pintar pancasila merupakan salah satu solusi yang efektif dalam memecahkan permasalahan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman siswa dalam pembelajaran khususnya bagi peserta didik yang belum bisa membaca. Penulisan artikel ini bertujuan untuk mencari strategi dalam mengatasi kesulitan membaca serta meningkatkan pembelajaran pancasila dengan menggunakan media papan pintar pancasila. Metode  yang digunakan pada artikel ini adalah Metode Kualitatif Deskriptif dengan data yang digunakan yakni analisis dokumen hasil belajar, portofolio, hasil pengamatan, video, jurnal, lembar pengamatan, dan wawancara. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan bahwa melalui media pembelajaran papan pintar pancasila mampu memberikan dampak yang positif pada jenjang sekolah dasar khususnya pada anak yang kurang dalam memahami pembelajaran pancasila dan kesulitan membaca. Jadi kesimpulan pada penelitian ini adalah untuk membuktikan bahwa penerapan pembelajaran menggunakan media papan pintar Pancasila dapat memberikan kontribusi signifikan dalam meningkatkan pemahaman siswa terhadap kesulitan membaca serta pemahaman dalam penerapan Pancasila dalam kehidupan sehari- hari.
Implementasi Teori Kontingensi dalam Eskalasi Efektivitas Kepemimpinan Mahasiswa
Authors: Suntara Reza Adriantika , Hijran Muhamad
Published: January 2024

Perkembangan zaman dewasa ini telah menyasar segala aspek kehidupan, tak terkecuali dalam aktivitas organisasi mahasiswa yang semakin dinamis dan kompleks. Berkembangnya dinamika tersebut memantik dilaksanakannya penelitian dalam penerapan teori kepemimpinan pada organisasi Resimen Mahasiswa Mahawarman Batalyon XI Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia yang semula menerapkan kepemimpinan otoriter kemudian mengalami perkembangan dengan penerapan pola kepemimpinan lain yang lebih efektif bagi kebutuhan organisasi, yakni kepemimpinan kontingensi. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus, penelitian ini berusaha membedah perubahan dan progres perkembangan organisasi melalui kepemimpinan kontingensi. Peneliti mengkaji beberapa masalah dalam organisasi Resimen Mahasiswa berupa sistem kepemimpinan yang diterapkan, alasan yang mendasari perlunya eskalasi efektivitas kepemimpinan, serta mengkaji dampak penerapan teori kontingensi dalam kepemimpinan organisasi Resimen Mahasiswa.  Penelitian ini menghasilkan beberapa hal yang di antaranya menjelaskan bahwa penerapan kepemimpinan otoriter pada organisasi Resimen Mahasiswa sejatinya memiliki beberapa hal positif, namun sejalan dengan perkembangan waktu dibutuhkan pembaruan kepemimpinan yang lebih efektif dalam menjawab tantangan zaman dan dinamika sosial yang ada. Penerapan pola kepemimpinan kontingensi menitikberatkan hubungan yang dijalin antara pimpinan dengan anggota berdasarkan pada situasi organisasi yang dinamis serta keadaan kapasitas anggota yang beragam, sehingga pola kepemimpinan ini lebih sesuai untuk diterapkan dalam dinamika organisasi Resimen Mahasiswa Mahawarman Batalyon XI Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia saat ini.
Upaya Sekolah dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Siswa di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Suparman Suparman , Junaidin Junaidin
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh belum adanya upaya sekolah untuk meningkatkan Motivasi belajar siswa di sekolah dasar SDN 2 Rumak.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan upaya-upaya yang dilakukan sekolah untuk meningkatkan  Motivasi Belajar Siswa SDN 2 Rumak Kecamatan Kediri Kabupaten Lombok Barat. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriftif dengan cara mengumpulkan data baik secara langsung turun ke lapangan untuk mendapatkan informasi yang akurat tentang objek penelitian penulis, sumber data yang digunakan berupa data skunder dan primer, dan teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan, (1) motivasi belajar siswa adalah untuk mendapatkan hadiah, pujian, prestasi, dan nilai yang bagus; ( 2) faktor yang mempengaruhi motivasi belajar siswa adalah faktor internal yaitu faktor yang bersumber dari dalam diri siswa yaitu kondisi jasmani dan rohani, kemampuan siswa, dan perhatian. Kedua faktor eksternal yaitu faktor yang bersumber dari luar diri siswa seperti upaya guru membelajarkan siswa, fasilitas belajar dan kondisi lingkungan di sekitar siswa.
Kajian Pelaksanaan IMTAQ dalam Pembentukan Karakter Siswa di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Hidayati Sri , Akbar M. Aris
Published: January 2024

Pendidikan merupakan awal pembentukan karakter siswa menjadi penerus generasi bangsa berkompeten dan berakhlak mulia. Salah satu kegiatan yang dilaksanakan dalam mengembangkan Pendidikan disekolah yaitu kegiatan IMTAQ setiap hari Jumat pagi. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah menciptakan suatu lingkungan belajar yang bersifat keagamaan, jujur, kreatif, serta memperkuat hubungan persahabatan dengan nuansa kekeluargaan dan semangat kebangsaan yang tinggi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil dari data yang diperoleh dari narasumber menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan kegiatan IMTAQ pada Jum’at pagi di SDN 4 Batulayar Barat berdampak positif terhadap pembentukan karakter siswa. Hal ini terbukti melalui perubahan nilai pengetahuan dan keterampilan pada mata pelajaran agama. Selain itu, terlihat adanya perubahan perilaku siswa, baik dalam interaksi sehari-hari antara sesama teman maupun dengan guru. Perubahan-perubahan tersebut mencakup peningkatan budaya salam, senyum, dan sapa di lingkungan sekolah maupun di luar sekolah, pengurangan perilaku bullying, peningkatan rasa tanggung jawab siswa terkait kebersihan dan keteraturan berpakaian, serta peningkatan kesadaran tanggung jawab ketika diberikan tugas oleh wali kelas atau guru. Pentingnya membudayakan kegiatan IMTAQ sesuai dengan kurikulum 2013 dan kurikulum Merdeka ditekankan, dengan pengembangan inovasi serta pengakuan terhadap keberagaman budaya lokal dan kemajuan digitalisasi demi mencapai hasil optimal.
Hubungan Motivasi Belajar dan Kemampuan Ekonomi Orangtua dengan Hasil Belajar PKn Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Umiyati Dian Leli , Yanti Prima Gusti , Syaefurrohman Purnama
Published: January 2024

Hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran PKN berada pada level yang cukup mengkhawatirkan, dimana masih banyaknya siswa yang memperoleh nilai di bawah 70 atau di bawah KKM. Maka, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Hasil Belajar PKN pada Siswa Kelas IV yang dihubungkan Motivasi Belajar Siswa dan Kemampuan Ekonomi Orangtua Sekolah Dasar Negeri Gugus 3 Kecamatan Tamansari Jakarta Barat. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode korelasional dengan populasi penelitian adalah siswa kelas IV yang terdapat dalam 4 sekolah tersebut, dengan teknik random sampling dan terpilih 147 siswa sebagai sampel penelitian, menggunakan instrumen kuesioner dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh diantaranya, pertama terdapat hubungan langsung positif antara Motivasi Belajar Siswa dengan Hasil Belajar Siswa sebesar 41.2%, artinya semakin baik motivasi belajar siswa juga akan meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Kedua, terdapat hubungan langsung positif Kemampuan Ekonomi Orangtua dengan Hasil Belajar Siswa sebesar 24.7%. Artinya, apabila kemampuan ekonomi orangtua dalam keadaan baik maka hasil belajar siswa juga akan meningkat. Ketiga, terdapat hubungan langsung positif Motivasi Belajar Siswa dan Kemampuan Ekonomi Orangtua dengan Hasil Belajar Siswa sebesar 58.5%. Artinya, apabila siswa memiliki motivasi dalam belajar dan didukung dengan kemampuan ekonomi orang tua yang baik, maka akan menimbulkan peningkatan pada hasil belajar siswa tersebut.
Budaya Literasi melalui Program Gerakan Literasi Sekolah (GLS) dalam Menumbuhkembangkan Minat Baca Siswa di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Heryadi Yadi , Anriani Nurul
Published: January 2024

Rendahnya minat baca membawa dampak buruk terhadap penilaian yang terdapat dinegara Indonesia rendahnya minat baca ini juga berasal dari faktor anak sekolah dasar yang malas dalam membaca. Membaca merupakan salah satu fungsi yang paling penting dalam hidup, semua proses belajar didasarkan pada kemampuan membaca. Tempat penelitian berlokasi di SD Negeri 2 Cipanas Kp.babakanseah, Desa Cipanas, Kecamatan Cipanas Lebak Banten. Tujuan penelitian untuk mencari tahu bagaimana program gerakan literasi sekolah yang ada di SD Negeri 2 Cipanas. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kulaitatif metode deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu terdapat Program Gerakan Literasi Sekolah di SD Negeri 2 Cipanas dengan 15 menit membaca sebelum pelajaran dimulai dan 35 menit literasi khusus peserta didik pilihan, dan menghidupkan perpustakaan dengan kunjungan wajib perpustakaan harian. Pelaksanaan Program Gerakan Literasi Sekolah berpedoman pada buku panduan yang diterbitkan oleh Kemendikbud, kemudian terdapat adanya peningkatan minat baca peserta didik setelah diterapkannya Program Gerakan Literasi Sekolah ditandai dengan tersedianya bahan bacaan dan meningkatnya aktivitas membaca siswa.
Pelibatan Model Projek Based Learning pada Pembelajaran Ilmi Pengetahuan Sosial (IPS) Menuju Pelajar Pancasila pada Jenjang Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Faslia Faslia , Aswat Hijrawatil , Aminu Nurmin
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi dampak penerapan Model Project-Based Learning (PjBL) pada pembelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial (IPS) di jenjang Sekolah Dasar terhadap pembentukan karakter Pelajar Pancasila. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kajian literatur, merupakan suatu pendekatan yang mendalam dan sistematis untuk mengumpulkan, mengevaluasi, dan mensintesis informasi dari berbagai sumber literatur yang relevan dengan topik penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pelibatan model Project-Based Learning dapat dianggap sebagai pendekatan pembelajaran yang efektif dalam membentuk karakter Pelajar Pancasila di tingkat Sekolah Dasar. Rekomendasi perbaikan dan pengembangan dapat diarahkan pada optimalisasi implementasi PjBL dan integrasi nilai-nilai Pancasila ke dalam setiap aspek pembelajaran IPS. Dengan demikian, pendekatan ini dapat terus menjadi pilihan yang relevan dan berkualitas untuk mencapai tujuan pendidikan yang holistik dalam mewujudkan pelajar Pancasila.
Pengaruh Gerakan Literasi terhadap Kemampuan Literasi Membaca Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Lestari Puteri Dewi , Herlina Eva , Putri Alfiah Nabila , Giwangsa Sendi Fauzi
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini memfokuskan pada gerakan literasi melalui pemanfaatan buku bacaan bermutu untuk meningkatkan kemampuan literasi membaca siswa Kelas V SDN Sukalaksana 02. Gerakan literasi dilakukan dengan praktik membaca selama 15 menit sebelum dimulainya pelajaran dengan menggunakan berbagai jenis buku yang telah disiapkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana pengaruh gerakan literasi terhadap kemampuan literasi membaca siswa kelas V SDN Sukalaksana 02 sebanyak 27 siswa.  Jenis  penelitian  yang dipergunakan  yaitu kuantitatif dengan metode penelitian eksperimen. Pengaruh gerakan literasi terhadap kemampuan literasi membaca siswa  kelas V SDN Sukalaksana 02 menggunakan analisis Uji-t (Paired sample T-Test).  Pada  uji-t (Paired sample T-Test) nilai  signifikansi  kurang  dari  0,05  (0,001 <  0,05), sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan rerata antara hasil pre-test dan post-test. Dari hasil analisis, diperoleh bahwa program gerakan literasi memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kemampuan literasi membaca siswa  kelas V SDN Sukalaksana 02. Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa gerakan literasi merupakan salah satu cara  yang dapat  digunakan  untuk  meningkatkan kemampuan literasi membaca siswa.
LAPORAN MENGANALISIS KEBUTUHAN SARANA DAN PRASARANA BERDASARKAN PROYEKSI JUMLAH PENDUDUK (KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI)
Authors: IKRAM MUH. AL
Published: January 2024

Menentukan sarana dan prasarana kesehatan, pendidikan dan perekonomian berdasarkan hasil proyeksi jumlah penduduk 20 tahun ke depan yang telah dilakukan.
“I trust Norway” – investigating acceptance of shared autonomous shuttles using open and closed questions in short-form street interviews
Authors: Aasvik Ole , Hagenzieker Marjan , Ulleberg Pål
Published: January 2024

Shared autonomous shuttles (SASs) could improve the mobility infrastructure in the worlds’ growing cities. This novel service could reduce congestion and improve sustainability, while making public transport more available. To facilitate the implementation of SASs, more research is needed on the psychological aspects of sharing a small, intimate shuttle with strangers. The current study presents the first investigation using open-ended questions with the Multi-Level Model on Automated Vehicle Acceptance (MAVA)-framework. We investigate whether the MAVA needs adaptation to the domain of SASs using both qualitative and quantitative data. We had 236 participants answer short-form interviews during the summer of 2022. Respondents seem very positive about the proposed new transport service. We found that perceived usefulness, hedonic motivation, trust, and social influence shared large correlations with intentions to use. Other factors such as demographics, technology savviness and use of public transport did not share a linear relationship with intentions to use. Directed content analysis suggests that, while most people do not mind sharing shuttles with strangers, some could find the social situation deterring. People seem most concerned with availability, effectiveness, travel cost and safety. The reported positive attitudes towards the service seem predicated upon trust in the government regulation and proper testing of the technology, that many think of as immature. Regulation and thorough testing may be paramount in keeping people positive. This study emphasizes the importance of trust and safety to adoption of SAS, while suggesting new factors that need further investigation.
Prevalence, Clinical Profile, and Outcomes of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Pediatric Patients at the Intensive Care Unit of King Fahad Hospital, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almawazini Abdulmajid , sam  , Abdullah Abdurabu A , Soliman Ahmed Fahmy , Mohammed Mouid , Alghamdi Abdulraheem A , Alghamdi Mohammed Othman
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a severe acute complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) leading to pediatric morbidity and complications. Objectives: Analyze the prevalence, clinical profiles, and outcomes of DKA in children. Methodology: This retrospective cohort study explored the diabetic ketoacidosis in type I diabetes mellitus at the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit at King Fahad Hospital at Albaha, Saudi Arabia, between January 2022 and December 2023. Participants included children aged < 14 years. Data were collected from medical records of all admitted patients. The main outcomes were the average time needed to recover from DKA, and patient survival rates. Results: Total of 180 DKA cases were reviewed, and observed that 68.3% were recurring cases of type 1 diabetes mellitus admitted to PICU due to poor treatment adherence. The remaining 31.7% were newly diagnosed as diabetes mellitus due to the onset of DKA. The average patient age was 8.9 ([4.0]) years, with females representing two-thirds of this cohort. The most frequent precipitating factors were non-adherence to treatment (90%) and previous infections (10%). Common symptoms included abdominal pain (78.3%), as the principal source of decompensation. Conclusion: Recognizing characteristic symptoms is vital for early diagnosis, emphasizing the importance of a timely and well-structured management approach for improved outcomes, reduced morbidity, improved recovery times, and shortened hospital stays. Moreover, no deaths were reported in this study.
First evidence of a Palaeolithic frequentation of the Po plain in Piedmont: the case of Trino (north-western Italy).
Authors: Daffara Sara , Giraudi Carlo , Berruti Gabriele L.F. , Caracausi Sandro , Garanzini Francesca
Published: January 2024

The Trino hill is an isolated relief located in north-western Italy, close to Trino municipality. The hill was subject of multidisciplinary studies during the 1970s, when, because of quarrying and agricultural activities, five concentrations of lithic artefacts were recognized and referred to a Palaeolithic occupation of the area. During the 1980s and the 1990s, surface collections continued, but the lithic finds have never been subject of specific studies. Even if most of the lithic assemblages count a few lithic implements, four collection areas (3, 13 E, 13 W and 14) have significative lithic assemblages, representing the most important evidence of a Palaeolithic frequentation of the Po plain in north-western Italy. The present work, in the limits imposed by a surface and not systematic collection, propose a technological study of the lithic artefacts from the Trino hill, with the aim to define the main features of the technological behaviour of the human groups that occupied the area. The results obtained allow to clearly identify a Middle Palaeolithic occupation of the Trino hill, characterized by the exploitation of vein quartz and other local raw materials; allochthonous varieties of chert were used in the next frequentation phases to produce blades and bladelets. Even if part of the laminar production can be referred to Neolithic, most of that remains of indeterminate chronology and could be the result of both an Upper Palaeolithic and Neolithic human presence. The systematic and inclusive approach to the study of the Paleolithic of the Piedmont region proposed here has made it possible to obtain a first and realistic overview of the Paleolithic of the region. The methods used for the technological study are similar to those used for other sites in the region and have made it possible to link Trino's surface collections with data from sites systematically investigated in recent years.
Do you really know? Incidental exposure to pro- and anti-consensus science information on social media, knowledge overconfidence, and science skepticism
Authors: Meier Yannic
Published: January 2024

On social media, users are normally not actively seeking content but rather incidentally exposed to it. This study examines whether persons with a skeptical disposition towards science are exposed to more information that contradicts scientific consensuses than to information that reflects it. Consequently, users might have the subjective feeling of being well informed about science although they are not. The results of the present preregistered online study (N = 1279) indicate that persons who are skeptical towards science are exposed more frequently to both pro- and anti-consensus science information – possibly because they are algorithmically classified as interested in science. Science skepticism and exposure to anti-consensus information are positively associated with knowledge overconfidence whereas pro-consensus information exposure positively relates to objective knowledge. The study suggests that science skeptics are not exclusively exposed to attitude-consistent information which might partially counteract misinformedness. Moreover, even incidental contact with pro-consensus science information can seemingly contribute to objective science knowledge.
Iconicity in the evolution of language: computational models and laboratory experiments
Authors: Dona Loïs , Schouwstra Marieke
Published: January 2024

The emergence of human language is a complex process, and to investigate the role of iconicity in this, researchers have combined insights from computational models with empirical observations from laboratory experiments. This chapter provides an overview of the most important insights on the interaction between iconicity and other linguistic properties such as combinatoriality and systematicity. In the experimental and computational work we report, it is shown how iconicity can affect the way in which emerging languages are learned and used. We also discuss how computational methods can help to better understand the gradient and subjective nature of iconicity.
Missing data in the analysis of multilevel and dependent data
Authors: Grund Simon , Lüdtke Oliver , Robitzsch Alexander
Published: January 2024

Multilevel and other types of dependent data are often incomplete, and the treatment of missing data can be particularly challenging in these types of data. The past years have seen a significant increase in both the number and scope of statistical methods for incomplete multilevel data, which includes imputation-based methods such as multiple imputation (MI) and model- based methods such as maximum-likelihood or Bayesian estimation (MLE or BE). The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the different methods that have been recommended for handling missing data in multilevel analysis and to discuss the features of multilevel data that need to be considered when these methods are used. In this context, we discuss what options the different methods provide for accommodating the structure and analysis of multilevel data, and we illustrate their application in a series of simulated examples. Finally, we also review the availability of imputation- and model-based methods in statistical software and provide guidance for their application in practice.
‘Well, our goal is to achieve sustainable quiet and security for our people’: negotiating calls for ceasefires in the Gaza War of 2014.
Authors: Sambaraju Rahul
Published: January 2024

How are ceasefires rejected without being seen as actively pursuing violence? In this paper we examined this issue through analysis of Israeli spokespersons managed calls for ceasefire put to them in news media interactions during the Gaza War of 2014. More recent scholarship in peace studies has begun to question taken-for-granted versions of peace and violence. Instead, scholars argue for examining how ‘peace’ and ‘violence’ are variously constructed to advance vested positions. In this paper, we extend this focus through a close examination of another ostensibly desirable outcome in conflicts, namely ‘ceasefire’. We examine talk of ceasefire in one episode of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, namely the Gaza War of 2014. Using discursive psychology we examined Israeli spokespersons’ media interviews with international news media organizations. Analysis shows that interviewers treated non-acceptance of ceasefires as potentially accountable. Interviewees similarly oriented to issues in offering a ready rejection of ceasefires. Instead, Israeli spokespersons offered constructions of Hamas and their military actions in ways to downgrade ceasefires on offer for alternative measures. The alternatives were framed as ‘sustainable peace’ or ‘sustainable quiet’ involving further military actions of Israel with the aim to demilitarize Hamas/Gaza. In doing so, Israeli spokespersons could avoid being seen as wanting to engage in further violence to actively harm Palestinians.
Hybrid Coordinated Specialty Care for First Episode Psychosis Treatment Program Implementation Blueprint
Authors: Hefner Jennifer , Hogan Tory
Published: January 2024

Hybrid Coordinated Specialty Care for First Episode Psychosis Treatment ProgramImplementation Blueprint
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Empathetic Refutational Learning with Health Care Professionals
Authors: Holford Dawn Liu , Mäki Karl Otto , Karlsson Linda C. , Lewandowsky Stephan , Gould Ginny , Soveri Anna
Published: January 2024

Objective: To determine if Empathetic Refutation (ER) text scenarios help health care professionals (HCPs) build confidence and abilities in countering anti-vaccination arguments. Materials and Methods: We conducted an online randomized controlled experiment with UK and Finnish HCPs in which we randomly assigned them to an ER (n = 167) or a control (n = 180) group. Participants in the ER group were presented with examples of the ER vaccine communication approach, which encompasses the identification of attitude roots, affirmations, corrections of misconceptions, and provision of facts. Control group participants received a standard facts-based approach. We examined posttest ER use and pre- and posttest perceived difficulty of refuting anti-vaccination arguments. Results: ER participants used more empathetic affirmations and described providing facts less than control group participants. The ER and control groups did not differ in how often they explicitly tried to identify attitude roots and correct misconceptions, nor in how difficult they found anti-vaccination arguments to be to refute. Conclusions: Brief ER text scenarios can increase HCPs’ use of affirmations when discussing vaccines with patients. Additional materials are needed to efficiently teach refutations of attitude roots.
Towards a Comprehensive Professional Philosophy in Performance and Wellbeing Psychology: Integrating Functional Contextualism and Relational Frame Theory for Esports and other High-Performance Environments
Authors: Horne George , Swettenham Laura
Published: January 2024

Performance psychology practitioners use a wide range of theories and interventions to improve performance and wellbeing. Often, however, practitioners do not integrate these theories into a model of practice underpinned by a theory of behaviour. Without this foundation, performance programs become patchwork approaches where it is often unclear whether different interventions within a performance program work together or contradict each other. To address this issue, we present a model of behaviour based on functional contextualism and relational frame theory. We then use this model as a framework to integrate mainstream performance psychology and psychophysiology theory in-line with acceptance-based cognitive behavioural approaches to improve performance alongside wellbeing, not at the expense of wellbeing. Specifically, this includes interventions which promote experiential acceptance, and excludes interventions which promote experiential avoidance. With this framework, we hope to support practitioners, students, and educators by illustrating how different theories can and cannot be integrated in their own practice. In line with our expertise, examples are predominantly taken from esports literature. However, the model and philosophy presented is applicable to all high-performance domains.
Recovering developmental bivariate trajectories in accelerated longitudinal designs with dynamic continuous time modeling
Authors: Real-Brioso Nuria , Estrada Eduardo , Cáncer Pablo Fernández
Published: January 2024

Accelerated longitudinal designs (ALDs) provide an opportunity to capture long developmental periods in a shorter time framework using a relatively small number of assessments. Prior literature has investigated whether univariate developmental processes can be characterized with data obtained from ALDs. However, many important questions in psychology and related sciences imply working with several variables that are intercorrelated as they unfold over time, such as cognitive and cortical development. Therefore, bivariate developmental models are required. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of continuous-time bivariate Latent Change Score (CT-BLCS) models for recovering the trajectories of two interdependent developmental processes using data from diverse ALDs. Through a Monte Carlo simulation study, the efficacy of different sampling designs and sample sizes was examined. The study fills a gap in the literature by examining the performance of ALDs in bivariate systems, providing specific recommendations for future application of ALDs for studying interrelated developmental variables.
Learning training as a cognitive restructuring intervention
Authors: Norbury Agnes , Hauser Tobias U. , Dolan Raymond J , Huys Quentin JM
Published: January 2024

A core part of cognitive therapy for low mood is learning to identify and challenge negative beliefs. However, it is currently unclear whether improved ability to recognise such beliefs, and the biased interpretations of events which may maintain them, is a mechanism of symptom change during treatment. Here, we investigated the effects of a learning task (training to identify and select self-enhancing interpretations of events) and a brief cognitive restructuring intervention (how exploring alternative explanations of events may result in improved mood) on causal attribution tendencies. We found that both learning training and the restructuring intervention decreased tendencies to make unhelpful attributions and increased tendencies to make self-enhancing attributions. Across two studies, changes in attribution tendencies were associated with higher learning rates during learning training, an effect specific to learning about different kinds of event attribution. Contrary to expectation, we found no evidence that faster learning was associated specifically to changes in attribution tendencies following cognitive restructuring. Since participants with higher learning rate estimates also provided explicit ratings and free-text descriptions of event causes which were closer to the ground truth, we interpret this as representing a greater benefit of learning training in individuals who were better able to understand the task state space. We suggest that personalized training, in conjunction with feedback based on interpretable computational model output, may provide a useful form of augmentation or learning-support tool during therapy.
America’s racial framework of superiority and Americanness embedded in natural language
Authors: Lee Messi Ho Jun , Montgomery Jacob , Lai Calvin K.
Published: January 2024

America’s racial framework can be summarized using two distinct dimensions: superiority/inferiority and Americanness/foreignness (Zou & Cheryan, 2017). We investigated America’s racial framework in a corpus of spoken and written language using word embeddings. Word embeddings place words on a low-dimensional space where words with similar meanings are proximate, allowing researchers to test whether the positions of group and attribute words in a semantic space reﬂect stereotypes. We trained a word embedding model on the Corpus of Contemporary American English - a corpus of one-billion words that span thirty years and eight text categories - and compared the positions of racial/ethnic groups with respect to superiority and Americanness. We found that America’s racial framework is embedded in American English. We also captured an additional nuance: Asian people were stereotyped as more American than Hispanic people. These results are empirical evidence that America’s racial framework is embedded in American English.
Teacher Job Satisfaction: International Evidence on the Role of School Working Conditions and Teacher Characteristics
Authors: Eryilmaz Nurullah , Kennedy Alec I. , Strietholt Rolf , Johansson Stefan
Published: January 2024

Teacher job satisfaction is considered a crucial factor in retaining successful teachers in the workforce and for the general well-being of teachers. Understanding the impact of school working conditions on job satisfaction is considered to be essential for enhancing teacher motivation, retention, and ultimately, student outcomes. Following the influential study by Toropova, Myrberg, and Johansson (2021), the current study employs regression analysis of TIMSS 2019 data from 46 countries to investigate the relationship between school working conditions – school leadership, student discipline, and teacher workload – and teacher job satisfaction among secondary school teachers. The findings shed light on the specific aspects of school working conditions that are significantly associated with teacher job satisfaction. The findings highlight a notable association between leadership support and student discipline with teacher job satisfaction in various countries. Furthermore, the findings show that female teachers tended to perceive higher job satisfaction than male teachers in most countries and professional development was found to be positively correlated with teacher job satisfaction. The effects of years of teaching experience, majoring in mathematics, and majoring in mathematics education yielded inconsistent results. The results contribute to the existing research on teacher job satisfaction and provide practical implications for policymakers, school administrators, and educational stakeholders to create supportive and conducive working environments for teachers and contribute to the professional well-being of teachers worldwide.
Measuring Maladaptive Personality Traits With the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Screening Questionnaire Using a Common Metrics Approach
Authors: Krasniqi Cameri , Müller Steffen , Wendt Leon Patrick , Fischer Felix , Spitzer Carsten , Zimmermann Johannes
Published: January 2024

The classification of personality disorder (PD) is undergoing a paradigm shift in which categorically defined specific PDs are being replaced by dimensionally defined maladaptive trait domains. To bridge the classificatory approaches, this study attempts to use items from the categorical PD model in DSM-IV to measure the maladaptive trait domains described in DSM-5 Section III/ICD-11. A general population sample comprising 1,228 participants completed the Screening Questionnaire of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II (SCID-II-SQ), the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), and the anankastia scale of the Personality Inventory for ICD-11 (PiCD). Using item response theory models and a psychometric linking technique, SCID-II-SQ items were evaluated for their contribution to measuring maladaptive trait domains. The best discriminating items were then selected to derive proxy scales. We found that convergent validity of these proxy scales was in a similar range to that of other self-report measures for PD, except for the proxy scale for PiCD anankastia. However, only the proxy scale for negative affectivity showed acceptable reliability that would allow its application in research settings. Future studies should seek to establish a common metric between specific PDs and maladaptive trait domains using self-report measures with higher specificity or semi-structured interviews.
Information on the move? An experiment on supporting forcibly displaced people in Greece
Authors: Casalis Marine , Hangartner Dominik , Hartman Alexandra , Sanchez Sienra Rodrigo
Published: January 2024

Efforts to provide legal information to the 117 million forcibly displaced people often lack evi- dence of effectiveness. Collaborating with service providers, we conducted a randomized trial with 1,707 refugees and asylum seekers in Greece. In baseline interviews, nearly half of the par- ticipants were unaware of how to seek help after experiencing violence. Comparing generic (website-based) and personalized (WhatsApp-based) legal information against a control, we found that both methods improved participants’ knowledge of exploitation under Greek law (by 0.17 SD) and increased confidence in responding to violence (by 0.15 SD). However, impacts on other outcomes like access to services, mental health, and integration were limited. The study reveals a trade-off between the higher uptake of generic information and the more effective personalized conversations, which provide specific and tailored legal information. This research advances our understanding of the information challenges faced by displaced people and sug- gests actionable strategies for addressing them.
Petro-politics, Gender Violence and Human Trafficking in Nigeria’s Niger Delta Region
Authors: Babatunde Abosede Omowumi
Published: January 2024

In Nigeria’s Niger Delta, oil politics by global oil corporation, national government and local leaders perpetuate gender inequalities in the distribution of oil benefits to women in oil communities. Women also bear the greater cost of oil-induced environmental harms which adversely affect their traditional livelihood of farming and fishing. Scholarship on human trafficking in Nigeria focused scant attention on the structural conditions that influenced women experience of human trafficking in extractive contexts. This article examines how oil politics perpetuate gender violence and expose women to human trafficking for sexual exploitation and forced labour in the Niger Delta region. Based on feminist political ecology perspectives and field studies in selected oil communities, the study seeks to explain how oil politics perpetuate women’s socio-economic deprivation, in ways that expose them to human trafficking as victims and accomplice. Women exposure to human trafficking amplify their experience of gender violence and violate their rights and aspiration for emancipation and justice in Nigeria’s oil extractive region. International organizations and policy makers need to consider the global and local dynamics that magnified women’s experience of human trafficking in extractive communities and the wider implications for the global and local efforts to combat human trafficking.
Retrieving the Oral-Tradition Gems
Authors: Sinclair Iain
Published: January 2024

This paper retrieves a coherent Sanskrit text from the fifteenth-century Tibetan anthology of quotations used by Vanaratna, the ‘Oral-Tradition Gems’ (Zhal lung rin po che'i phreng ba, Q5099, N3885). The quotations’ sources are traced and the process of their transmission, translation and arrangement in an anthology is exposed.
Klasifikasi Potensi Penyakit Jantung Menggunakan Algoritma C4.5
Authors: Santoso Muhamad , Al-Akbar Bilal , Nurjaya Hilman , Ramadhan Syaiban Ahmad , Rizky Naufal Ahmad , Fadillah Achmad
Published: January 2024

Dengan tren yang mengkhawatirkan dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, penyakit jantung masih menjadi penyebab kematian paling umum di Indonesia dan di seluruh dunia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan prediksi penyakit jantung koroner dengan menggunakan metode pohon keputusan dengan algoritma C4.5. Algoritma ini unggul karena mudah digunakan dan dapat digambarkan sebagai pohon keputusan berdasarkan faktor risiko pasien. Usia, jenis kelamin, nyeri dada, tekanan darah sistolik, kadar kolesterol total, denyut jantung maksimal, dan potensi adalah beberapa faktor risiko penting dalam studi ini. Algoritma C4.5 bertujuan untuk membuat model prediktif yang membantu dalam diagnosis dan intervensi dini penyakit jantung koroner dengan memanfaatkan elemen-elemen ini. Hasil model pohon keputusan dapat dikomunikasikan dengan mudah kepada profesional karena sederhana dan dapat dipahami.
PATHOGENESIS OF DEMYELINATING DISEASES IN TERMS OF ECOPATHOLOGY
Authors: Pataraia Giorgi  , Mermanishvili Tatiana  , Tchatchia Grigol
Published: January 2024

The experiment have been researched changes that may occur in the brains of people who worked or lived for a long time in an area of risk of permanent pollution  with non-toxic doses of lead, 20-30 years after leaving the area. It was revealed that in the brain of experimental animals the number of neurons is reduced, gliosis, proliferation of microglia, destruction of blood vessels are noted, and processes of demyelination of white matter occur. These changes are more or less pronounced in all areas of the brain, to a greater extent in animals that received lead in more quantities. The identified morphological changes in the brain suggest that lead is one of the causes of the pathogenesis of demyelinating diseases.
Diez respuestas de la investigación científica a dudas de los periodistas digitales
Authors: López-García Xosé
Published: January 2024

La investigación científica sobre el periodismo digital, un campo consolidado en las últimas décadas en el ámbito de las ciencias sociales, aporta resultados que deben contribuir a una mejor actividad profesional y que pueden ayudar a despejar dudas que muchos profesiona-les tienen a la hora de afrontar desafíos en su día a día laboral. A pesar de la escasa relación entre la profesión y la academia en el pasado –lejano e inmediato–, fruto de un efecto alu-vión en el sector en las últimas décadas del pasado siglo y de ciertas reticencias mutuas, no cabe duda de que los retos a los que se enfrentan los profesionales en la segunda mitad de la tercera década del actual milenio, impulsados por la introducción masiva de herramien-tas de inteligencia artificial, aconsejan un mejor entendimiento que resulte fructífero para ambas partes.
Postcommunist Germany
Authors: Aron Hadas
Published: January 2024

This article situates Germany within postcommunist Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) to explain current political outcomes, particularly, the disproportionate success of the AfD in eastern Germany. Similar to CEE, politics in eastern Germany is fragmented and volatile compared to western Germany; the political system in the east reflects conservative social values; and east German patterns of discontent are similar to CEE. However, in CEE, party systems were new and thus volatile and susceptible to populist mobilization from both mainstream and radical parties. Conversely, East Germany integrated into the developed West German party system and adopted its traditional parties, lowering the east's potential for volatility and polarization. Moreover, since the east is a minority within Germany, its relative volatility has limited impact on the German system.
Impact of Using Non-Verbal Communication on Studentsâ Learning at Secondary Level in Fazaia Schools System
Authors: Zaman Muhammad Hamad , Shah Syed Azaz Ali , - Naseeruddin
Published: January 2024

Various researchers and educationists are of the view that effective use of teachers' non-verbal expressions has a positive effect on students' learning. The objectives of the study were to find out teachers' and students' perceptions towards the use of non-verbal expressions for effective English language learning and how helpful it is in making this process more productive. In order to achieve the desired objectives, a descriptive research method was chosen where data was collected through quantitative and qualitative methods. Moreover, data was analyzed through statistical and thematic analysis. Quantitative data was collected through questionnaires whereas qualitative data through classroom observations which were analyzed through SPSS and thematic analysis respectively. The analysis leads to the findings that both students and teachers have a positive perception and it is helpful for making the pedagogical process more productive. Both were of the opinion that efficient use of non-verbal communication leads to effective English language learning.
Impact of Metacognitive Strategies on Creative Writing of ESL Students at College Level in District Lahore
Authors: Rao Imama Sabir , Jeevan Salma , Ahmad Azhar
Published: January 2024

The main focus of the present research study was to find the impact of metacognitive strategies on the creative writing of ESL Students at the college level in district Lahore. Metacognitive strategies teach creative writing, develop confidence and enhance the critical thinking of ESL students.By using quasi-experimental research design the researchers observed the effects of metacognitive strategies on creative writing. Sixty ESL students from a private college were selected as the research sample these participants were divided equally into two groups. The control group was taught by means of the traditional method while the experimental group was taught by using metacognitive strategies. The pre and post-test questionnaire was used as a research instrument for data collection. The collected data was analyzed through SPSS and an independent t-test was employed to analyze the results of pre and post-test. The results showed that metacognitive strategies are more effective than the traditional method because it has a positive impact on ESL students' creative writing.
Blurred Boundaries between Reality and Magic in Gaiman's The Ocean at the End of the Lane
Authors: Khalid Razia
Published: January 2024

This study explores the intricate interplay between reality and magical elements in Neil Gaiman’s novel The Ocean at the End of the Lane. Drawing upon Jean Baudrillard's theoretical framework, this study investigates how Gaiman challenges the traditional notion of reality through the use of magical realism. Baudrillard claims that the postmodern individual lives in “the desert of the real” where there is no absolute reality anymore as the endless proliferation of simulacra marks the end of reality and truth, leading to the emergence of hyperreality and marked by extraordinarilyvivid traumatic memories. By delving into the blurred boundaries between reality and magical realism, this research sheds light on the transformative and subversive potential of literature in transcending traditional realities. Non-recognition boundaries between reality and hyperreality create a world of blurred reality in the novel. This study explores the hyperreality and magical realism in Ocean at the End of the Lane by British author Neil Gaiman.