bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energy management of smart grid equipped by an Internet of Things (IoT) configuration: A DDFAT methodology
Authors: Arunsankar G. , Parameswari G. Angala
Published: August 2022

In this manuscript, an Energy Management System (EMS) with Internet of Things (IoT) framework in distribution system (DS) based on hybrid technique is proposed. The proposed method is the combination of Dynamic Differential Annealed Optimization (DDAO) and Feedback Artificial Tree (FAT) algorithm; therefore called as DDFAT method. The main intention of proposed method is “to optimize the power control and DS resources by constantly tracking the data into communication framework based on IoT”. In this work, the DS is inter connected to the data acquisition method that is the Internet of things uses single IP address resulting in mesh wireless network devices. The internet of things based communication scheme used to facilitate the growth of demand response (DR) for energy management (EM) DS. The transmitting data is carried out by DDFAT method. In this way, the IoT distribution scheme increases the network flexibility and offers optimal utilization of the accessible resources. Moreover, the DDFAT method is reliable to meet global supply along energy demand. The DDFAT method is implemented in MATLAB Simulink platform under three test cases and its performance is analysed with the existing improved artificial bee colony (IABC), squirrel optimization with gravitational search–assisted neural network (SOGSNN), particle swarm optimization (PSO)–assisted artificial neural network (ANN), Fruit fly Optimization algorithm (FOA), and grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOAPSNN) methods.
Reviewing High Reliability Team (HRT) Scholarship: A 21st Century Approach to Safety
Authors: Scott Amber Lynn , Howe William T. , Bisel Ryan
Published: August 2022

High reliability team (HRT) theorizing emerged from high reliability organization (HRO) theory and now represents a distinct subset of HRO literature. Seeking to capture the development and range of HRT research, a comprehensive literature review was conducted. This systematic review of HRT scholarship, the first of its kind, provides a foundation from which small group and team scholars across disciplines may reflect on key lessons and chart future research. This review includes 71 articles across 21 disciplines and incorporates historical reflection on HRT theory foundations, existing empirical support, critiques and rivals, theory extensions, and ideas for future scholarship efforts.
Dynamic Reach Deficit Is a Predictive Factor of Inferior Outcomes After Modified Broström Procedure for Lateral Ankle Instability
Authors: Cao Shengxuan , Tang Zihui , Wang Chen , Huang Ping , Zhang Chao , Huang Jiazhang , Wang Xu , Ma Xin
Published: August 2022

Background:

Only a few studies have analyzed functional predictive factors for inferior outcomes after modified Broström procedure (MBP). The aim of the current study is to identify the influence of the preoperative dynamic reach deficit on the surgical outcomes of MBP.

Methods:

Sixty-one patients with lateral ankle instability who underwent MBP were included in the current study and followed up for a median of 24 months. The Karlsson scores and the reaches of the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) were evaluated before surgery and during the last follow-up. A total of 19 prognostic factors were analyzed. The relationship between the variables and inferior outcomes (Karlsson score < 90) in the bivariate analysis was tested through the Mann-Whitney U test or the Fisher exact test. A multivariate logistic regression model was developed to investigate the influence of the selected factors on inferior outcomes.

Results:

Thirty-two of the patients had superior outcomes, and the rest had inferior outcomes. The age, gender, and body mass index of the groups with superior and inferior outcomes did not differ. Preoperative dynamic reach deficit ( P = .032), osteochondral lesion of the talus ( P = .004), and decreased preoperative Karlsson score ( P = .004) were independent predictors of inferior outcomes.

Conclusion:

Patients with preoperative dynamic reach deficit, osteochondral lesion of the talus, or decreased preoperative Karlsson score have inferior outcomes after MBP.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, case-control study.
So Happy Together: A Review of the Literature on the Determinants of Effectiveness of Purpose-Oriented Networks in Health Care
Authors: Peeters Robin , Westra Daan , van Raak Arno J. A. , Ruwaard Dirk
Published: August 2022

While purpose-oriented networks are widely recognized as organizational forms to address wicked problems in health care such as increasing demands and expenditure, the associated literature is fragmented. We therefore reviewed empirical studies to identify the determinants of the effectiveness of these networks. Our search yielded 3,657 unique articles, of which 19 met our eligibility criteria. After backward snowballing and expert consultation, 33 articles were included. Results reveal no less than 283 determinants of effective health care networks. The majority of these determinants are processual and involving professionals from the operational level is particularly salient. In addition, most studies relate determinants to process outcomes (e.g., improved collaboration or sustainability of the network) and only a few to members’ perception of whether the network attains its goals. We urge future research to adopt configurational approaches to identify which sets of determinants are associated with networks’ ability to attain their goal of addressing wicked problems.
Employee Engagement in Quality Improvement and Patient Sociodemographic Characteristics in Federally Qualified Health Centers
Authors: Jung Olivia S. , Cummings Janet R.
Published: August 2022

Quality improvement (QI) work is critical, particularly in federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) that treat underserved populations. In a national sample of 45 FQHCs, we examined how patients’ sociodemographic characteristics were associated with employee engagement in QI, via innovation contests that solicited ideas for improving care and offered opportunities to vote on ideas. We posited that patients’ sociodemographic characteristics influence the complexity and intensity of clinical work and thus employees’ capacity to engage in QI. Regression results indicated that the percentage of patients living in poverty was negatively associated with employee participation in idea submission and voting. Moreover, the percentage of Hispanic patients was negatively associated with participation in voting. The percentage of Black patients, however, was not associated with either outcome. FQHCs that serve a higher share of low income and/or Hispanic patients may face resource and personnel constraints that reduce employees’ capacity to contribute to QI efforts.
Understanding the Link Between Reproductive Coercion and Covert Use of Contraception as a Safety Strategy for Women Experiencing Violence in Nairobi's Urban Informal Settlements
Authors: Wood Shannon N. , Kennedy S. Rachel , Akumu Irene , Tallam Catherine , Asira Ben , Zimmerman Linnea A. , Glass Nancy , Decker Michele R.
Published: August 2022

This mixed-methods study examined the relationship between reproductive coercion (RC) and covert contraceptive use among intimate partner violence survivors in Nairobi, Kenya. Quantitative analyses utilize baseline data from the myPlan Kenya trial ( n = 321). Purposive in-depth interviews (IDIs) ( n = 30) explored women's reproductive safety strategies. Multinomial analyses indicated increased covert use and decreased overt use compared to nonuse, for women experiencing RC; logistic models similarly report increased odds of covert use with RC experience. Qualitative data contextualize women's reasons for use and challenges faced. Integration of reproductive safety strategies into family planning and violence services can improve the safe use of contraception.
Psychological Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Individuals With Methamphetamine Use Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Tang Zhiming , Zhu Zhicheng , Xu Jisheng
Published: August 2022

Objective

To evaluate the effects of rTMS on drug craving, depression, anxiety, sleep, and cognitive function in methamphetamine (MA) dependent individuals.

Data sources and methods

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of rTMS interventions for MA-dependent patients were searched through PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang database, Chongqing Vipers (VIP) and China Biomedical Literature Database (CBLD). The included literature was statistically processed using Revman 5.4, and STATA 16.0 for sensitivity and bias analysis.

Results

A total of 13 papers were included, and the results of the meta-analysis showed that rTMS was effective in reducing craving scores (SMD = −1.53, 95%CI:−2.08 ∼ −0.98, p < 0.00001), improving depression (SMD = −0.32, 95%CI:-0.58 ∼ −0.07, p = 0.01) and sleep scores (WMD = −1.26, 95%CI:−2.26 ∼ −0.27, p = 0.01), but had no effect on anxiety scores (SMD = −0.42, 95%CI:−0.88 ∼ 0.03, p = 0.07); in terms of cognitive function, there were improvements in the international shopping list task (ISL), Groton maze learning task (GML) and continuous paired association learning task (CPAL), except for no effect on the social emotional cognition task (SEC) and two back task (TWOB). Subgroup analysis showed significant differences in the effects of different intervention period on craving in MA-dependent individuals.

Conclusion

rTMS was effective in reducing MA dependent individuals' cravings, alleviating depressive symptoms, improving sleep quality and language learning, collaborative learning and executive skills. Due to the small sample size of this study, a large number of RCTs are needed to validate this.
Vasoactive Biomarkers in Patients With Vasovagal Syncope During Head-Up Tilt Test: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Miranda Cláudia Madeira , Silva Rose Mary Ferreira Lisboa da , Peruhybe-Magalhães Vanessa , Brugada Josep
Published: August 2022

Background:

Vasovagal syncope (VVS) is the most common cause of syncope. Some stages of its pathophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. Vasoactive substances such as nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) and endothelin (ET) may be involved during acute orthostatic stress.

Objective:

To analyze plasma changes in NOx and ET and heart rate variability (HRV) in the supine positions (T1) and during the head-up tilt test (HUTT) (T2), in patients with VVS (case group) and control group.

Methods:

Thirty-seven patients (17 in the case group and 20 in the control group), matched for age and sex (mean aged 31.8 years) underwent HUTT with simultaneous HRV recording and venipuncture. Blood samples were collected during phases T1 and T2 and the analysis was performed without knowledge of the HUTT result.

Results:

In the total sample, there was an increase in NOx values ( P = .014), however there was no increase in ET values from phase T1 to phase T2. Patients with VVS tended to increase plasma NOx values ( P = .057) and had significantly higher plasma values compared to ET ( P = .033) between phases T1 to T2. In the control group, there was no significant change in the values of these vasoactive substances. Regarding HRV, there were a decrease in the component HF (high frequency) and increased of the LF (low frequency)/HF ratio during HUTT.

Conclusions:

There was an increase in ET during HUTT occurred only in the case group. These patients are more likely to have an imbalance between antagonistic vasoactive biomarkers during orthostatic stress.
(Some) refugees welcome: When is differentiating between refugees unlawful discrimination?
Authors: Costello Cathryn , Foster Michelle
Published: August 2022

Europe’s extraordinary response to those fleeing the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 has prompted many criticisms of Europe’s treatment of other refugees, and indeed people of colour and members of ethnic minorities fleeing Ukraine.  While stark, this differentiated response in not unusual:  The global refugee regime treats different refugees differently, as a matter of course.     Refugees often encounter racialized migration controls, and systems which privilege some refugees over others.   The article seeks to clarify when these practices violate the international legal prohibitions on discrimination on grounds of race and nationality.    To do so, it focuses on race discrimination in general international human rights law, clarifying the interaction between general human rights principles and instruments, and the specialist instrument in the field, the International Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Racial Discrimination.    We identify how differences in treatment on grounds of nationality may engage the prohibition on race discrimination both directly (in particular when nationality equates to national origin) or indirectly. Concerning nationality discrimination, the article focuses in particular on the added value of Article 3 of the 1951 Convention on the Status of Refugees, which obliges states to ‘apply the provisions of this Convention to refugees without discrimination as to race, religion or country of origin.’  We examine Article 3 both within the overall scheme of the Refugee Convention and as a source to guide interpretation of international human rights norms.
The renal-bone axis in older people living with HIV on stable antiretroviral therapy: A sub-analysis of the GS-US-104-0423 study
Authors: Alvarez Elena , Campbell Lucy , Tinago Willard , Garcia-Leon Alejandro , Walsh Ian , Brady Jennifer J , Burling Keith , Noe Sebastian , Neuville Marie F , Jouret Francois , Jamshidian Farid , Graham Hiba , Rhee Martin , Mallon Paddy W , Post Frank A
Published: August 2022

Background

Data on low bone mineral density (BMD) in people living with HIV (PLWH) are mainly derived from younger adults; little is known about how antiretroviral therapy (ART) and alterations in the renal-bone axis relate to BMD in older PLWH.

Methods

Cross-sectional study of men > 50 years and post-menopausal women with HIV. Antiretroviral therapy exposure was stratified into four groups based on use of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and protease inhibitors (PI): non-TDF/non-PI, non-TDF/PI, TDF/non-PI, and TDF/PI. Bone mineral density was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Bone turnover/regulatory markers and renal tubular function were analysed in stored plasma and urine samples. The association of ART exposure and bone/renal biomarkers on BMD was explored using logistic regression models.

Results

247 individuals (median [IQR] age 57 [53, 65] years; 47% female; 13% of Black ethnicity; CD4 count 643 [473, 811] cells/mm3; and 98% with HIV RNA < 200 copies/mL) were included. Bone turnover and renal tubular function differed significantly by ART exposure. In analyses adjusted for demographic and traditional renal/bone risk factors, exposure to TDF and PI was associated with a fourfold greater risk of low BMD at the femoral neck and exposure to TDF and/or PI with a threefold greater risk of low BMD at the lumbar spine. The relationship between ART and low BMD was not altered by further adjustment for bone turnover or renal tubular function markers.

Conclusions

The associations between low BMD and ART exposure (TDF vs. non-TDF and boosted vs. unboosted third agents) were minimally affected by adjustments for bone and kidney biomarkers.
Exploring the professional teacher identity as ethical self-formation of two multilingual native English teachers
Authors: Gu Michelle Mingyu , Jiang Lianjiang , Ou Wanyu Amy
Published: August 2022

The past decades have witnessed an increasing number of studies documenting native English teachers’ (NETs’) challenges in professional development and collaboration with nonnative English teachers’ (NNETs’) across multiple educational contexts. There are also debates in TESOL regarding the essentialized dichotomy of NETs and NNETs with insufficient recognition of the educational and cultural experiences of teachers of English as a foreign language (EFL) / English as a second language (ESL). Little research has been conducted on the lived experiences of transnational multilingual NETs who work in heritage contexts; and how they position themselves when they conduct their teacher identity work and negotiate between heritage identity and NET identity. This study, drawing on the notion of ethical self-formation and its application in teacher identity research as a theoretical lens, addresses the gap by investigating the identity construction of two transnational NETs of Chinese ethnicity returning to their home context in Hong Kong to teach. The findings indicate that (1) the participants negotiated their multilingual identity and the monolingual NET identity ascribed in the workplace, (2) they developed counter-strategies to turn the knowledge of the local language and culture into resources in teaching, and (3) they agentively expanded the definition of NET and situated them in the full institutional and social context to consider their identity conflict and self-empowerment. The findings have implications for education policy to accommodate and value the plural-competences of NETs and NNETs.
Chinese as a foreign language (CFL) teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge in teaching Chinese pronunciation
Authors: Li Linghong , Valcke Martin , Badan Linda , Anderl Christoph
Published: August 2022

Three kinds of knowledge that effective teachers should master have been proposed: content knowledge (CK), pedagogical knowledge (PK), and pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). Most PCK studies have been conducted in the mathematics or science domain. In recent years, a growing number of studies related to foreign language teachers’ PCK have appeared. However, there is a paucity of studies that explore teachers’ PCK in the field of Chinese as a foreign language (CFL). In this study, we present a conceptualization of Chinese as foreign teachers’ PCK when they teach Chinese pronunciation. The research design builds on semi-structured interviews involving 20 CFL teachers ( n = 20), focusing on five PCK domains: (1) teachers’ knowledge of Chinese pronunciation subject content (initials, finals, tones, intonation, and stress), (2) their curriculum knowledge, (3) their knowledge of students’ mistakes and difficulties, (4) their knowledge of Chinese pronunciation-specific instructional strategies, and (5) their knowledge of instructional media. The results show that CFL teachers reflect a strong mastery of PCK concerning teaching tones, followed by initials and finals. Teachers’ PCK regarding teaching intonation and stress were much weaker in all five PCK components. Their PCK of teaching intermediate-level and advanced-level students was also limited by curriculum and time arrangement restrictions.
Molecular adsorbent recirculating system treatment in patients with post-hepatectomy liver failure: Long-term results of a pilot study
Authors: Gilg Stefan , Sparrelid Ernesto , Engstrand Jennie , Baumgartner Ruth , Nowak Greg , Stål Per , D’Souza Melroy , Jansson Anders , Isaksson Bengt , Jonas Eduard , Stromberg Cecilia
Published: August 2022

Background:

Post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) is the leading cause of postoperative mortality following major liver resection. Between December 2012 and May 2015, 10 consecutive patients with PHLF (according to the Balzan criteria) following major/extended hepatectomy were included in a prospective treatment study with the molecular adsorbent recirculating system (MARS). Sixty- and 90-day mortality rates were 0% and 10%, respectively. Of the nine survivors, four still had liver dysfunction at 90 days postoperatively. One-year overall survival (OS) of the MARS-PHLF cohort was 50%. The present study aims to assess long-term outcome of this cohort compared to a historical control cohort.

Methods:

To compare long-term outcome of the MARS-PHLF treatment cohort with PHLF patients not treated with MARS, the present study includes all 655 patients who underwent major hepatectomy at Karolinska University Hospital between 2010 and 2018. Patients with PHLF were identified according to the Balzan criteria.

Results:

The cohort was split into three time periods: pre-MARS period ( n = 192), MARS study period ( n = 207), and post-MARS period ( n = 256). The 90-day mortality of patients with PHLF was 55% (6/11) in the pre-MARS period, 14% during the MARS study period (2/14), and 50% (3/6) in the post-MARS period ( p = 0.084). Median OS (95% confidence interval (CI)) was 37.8 months (29.3–51.7) in the pre-MARS cohort, 57 months (40.7–75.6) in the MARS cohort, and 38.8 months (31.4–51.2) in the post-MARS cohort. The 5-year OS of 10 patients included in the MARS study was 40% and the median survival 11.6 months (95% CI: 3 to not releasable). In contrast, for the remaining 21 patients fulfilling the Balzan criteria during the study period but not treated with MARS, the 5-year OS and median survival were 9.5% and 7.3 months (95% CI, 0.5–25.9), respectively ( p = 0.138)).

Conclusions:

MARS treatment may contribute to improved outcome of patients with PHLF. Further studies are needed. The initial pilot study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03011424).
High-dose adenosine versus saline-induced cardioplegic arrest in coronary artery bypass grafting: A randomized double-blind clinical feasibility trial
Authors: Mattila Mikko S. , Järvelä Kati M. , Rinne Timo T. , Nikus Kjell C. , Rantanen Markku J. , Siltanen Juho A.A. , Heleä Jenna-Juulia , Laurikka Jari O.
Published: August 2022

Background and objective:

In this clinical trial, we evaluated if a short-acting nucleoside, adenosine, as a high-dose bolus injection with blood cardioplegia induces faster arrest and provides better myocardial performance in patients after bypass surgery for coronary artery disease.

Methods:

Forty-three patients scheduled for elective or urgent coronary artery bypass grafting were prospectively recruited in two-arm 1:1 randomized parallel groups to either receive 20 mg of adenosine (in 21 patients) or saline (in 22 patients) into the aortic root during the first potassium-enriched blood cardioplegia infusion. The main outcomes of the study were ventricular myocardial performance measured with cardiac index, right ventricular stroke work index, and left ventricular stroke work index at predefined time points and time to asystole after a single bolus injection of adenosine. Conventional myocardial biomarkers were compared between the two groups at predefined time points as secondary endpoints. Electrocardiographic data and other ad hoc clinical outcomes were compared between the groups.

Results:

Compared with saline, adenosine reduced the time to asystole (68 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 37–100) versus 150 (95% CI = 100–210) seconds, p = 0.005). With myocardial performance, the results were inconclusive, since right ventricular stroke work index recovered better in the adenosine group (p = 0.008), but there were no significant overall differences in cardiac index and left ventricular stroke work index between the groups. Only the post-cardiopulmonary bypass cardiac index was better in the adenosine group (2.3 (95% CI = 2.2–2.5) versus 2.1 (95% CI = 1.9–2.2) L/min/m2, p = 0.016). There were no significant differences between the groups in cardiac biomarker values.

Conclusions:

A high dose adenosine bolus at the beginning of the first cardioplegia infusion resulted in significantly faster asystole in coronary artery bypass grafting patients but enhanced only partially the ventricular performance. EudraCT number: 2014-001382-26. https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2014-001382-26/FI
Development and preliminary validation of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease scale quality of life instruments for chronic diseases-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease based on classical test theory and generalizability theory
Authors: Wan Chonghua , Yang Zheng , Zhao Zhihuan , Quan Peng , Wu Bin , Yang Yunbin
Published: August 2022

Quality of life (QOL) in patients with Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major global concern in respiratory care with the specific instruments used rarely being developed using a modular approach. This paper is aimed to develop the COPD scale of the system of QOL Instruments for Chronic Diseases (QLICD-COPD) by the modular approach based on Classical Test Theory and Generalizability Theory (GT). 114 inpatients with COPD were used to provide the data measuring QOL three times before and after treatments. The psychometric properties of the scale were evaluated with respect to validity, reliability and responsiveness employing correlation analysis, factor analyses, multi-trait scaling analysis, and also GT analysis. The Results showed that Multi-trait scaling analysis, correlation and factor analyses confirmed good construct validity and criterion-related validity with almost all correlation coefficients or factor loadings being above 0.40. The internal consistency α and test-retest reliability coefficients (Pearson r and Intra-class correlations ICC) for all domains except for the social domain were larger than 0.70, ranging between 0.70–0.86 with r = 0.85 for the overall. The overall score and scores for physical and the specific domains had statistically significant changes after treatments with moderate effect size SRM (standardized response mean) ranging from 0.32 to 0.44. All G-coefficients and index of dependability were all greater than 0.80 exception of social domain (0.546 and 0.500 respectively), confirming the reliability of the scale further. It concluded that the QLICD-COPD has good validity, reliability, and moderate responsiveness, and can be used as the QOL instrument for patients with COPD.
Gendered Consequences of COVID-19 Among Professional Tennis Players
Authors: Cary Michael , Stephens Heather
Published: August 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic increased the risk of travelling, working, and participating in public events. To test whether there were gendered differences in the response to COVID-19, we examine the behavior of male and female professional tennis players. We use data from major tennis tournaments which included a rather large number of athletes withdrawing from play. After controlling for past performance, wealth, and other relevant player attributes, we find that female tennis players were more likely to withdraw. This suggests that high-earning women may have greater risk aversion, especially related to COVID-19, than their male counterparts. Importantly, women were more risk-averse when it comes to international travel.
Alginate microfibers as therapeutic delivery scaffolds and tissue mimics
Authors: Xie Yubing , Kollampally Sujith Chander Reddy , Jorgensen Matthew , Zhang Xulang
Published: August 2022

Alginate, a naturally occurring polysaccharide, has been widely used in cell encapsulation, 3D culture, cell therapy, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. Alginate’s frequent use comes from its biocompatibility and ability to easily form hydrogel in a variety of forms (e.g. microcapsules, microfibers, and porous scaffolds), which can provide immunoprotection for cell therapy and mimic the extracellular matrix for tissue engineering. During the past 15 years, alginate hydrogel microfibers have attracted more and more attention due to its continuous thin tubular structures (diameter or shell thickness ⩽ 200 µm), high-density cell growth, high handleability and retrievability, and scalability. This review article provides a concise overview of alginate and its resultant hydrogel microfibers for the purpose of promoting multidisciplinary, collaborative, and convergent research in the field. It starts with a historical review of alginate as biomaterials and provides basics about alginate structure, properties, and mechanisms of hydrogel formation, followed by current challenges in effective cell delivery and functional tissue engineering. In particular, this work discusses how alginate microfiber technology could provide solutions to unmet needs with a focus on the current state of the art of alginate microfiber technology and its applications in 3D cell culture, cell delivery, and tissue engineering. At last, we discuss future directions in the perspective of alginate-based advanced technology development in biology and medicine.
Business authority in global governance: Companies beyond public and private roles
Authors: Mende Janne
Published: August 2022

International studies investigate the governance authority of state versus non-state actors in terms of their public or private authority. However, the public–private distinction does not sufficiently capture the variety of governance actors, or the forms of their authority, beyond that distinction. Focussing on businesses, this paper argues that certain governance actors assume public and private roles, as well as a third category of roles it calls ‘societal’ that transcend notions of public and private. To understand these roles and how they affect governance authority, this paper treats the public–private relationship as mediated and extends it with the ‘societal’ category, then translates it into the concept of business authority, which constitutes a particular form of governance authority alongside public and private authority. It does so by operationalising governance authority as a triadic concept composed of power, legitimacy and a connection to public interests. In all three components, business authority escapes the binary distinction between public and private without simply merging the two.
Primary inlay reverse shoulder arthroplasty has a higher rate of revision than onlay reverse shoulder arthroplasty: Analysis from the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry
Authors: Gill David RJ , Gill Stephen D , Corfield Sophia , Holder Carl , Page Richard S ,   Investigation performed at AOANJRR
Published: August 2022

Background

Two classes of primary reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA), inlay (in-rTSA), and onlay (on-rTSA) were compared to determine differences in rates of revision.

Methods

Between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2020, all primary in-rTSA or on-rTSA procedures were compared from a large national arthroplasty registry by cumulative percentage revision (CPR). Kaplan–Meier estimates of survivorship and hazard ratios from Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for age, gender, glenosphere size, and humeral fixation determined any associations to the risk of revision.

Results

Of the 14,807 in-rTSA and 6590 on-rTSA procedures, the CPR at seven years was 4.9%. There was an increased risk of revision for in-rTSA vs on-rTSA ( p = 0.039) when adjusted for age, gender, glenosphere size, and humeral fixation. Glenosphere size <38 mm adjusted for age and gender ( p = 0.016) increased the revision risk. Revision for instability/dislocation occurred more often for in-rTSA vs on-rTSA ( p < 0.001) in the first three months. Males had a higher rate of revision than females for in-rTSA (3months+, p = 0.001) and for on-rTSA ( p < 0.001).

Discussion

Care should be taken when considering in-rTSA particularly in males, and if preoperative planning suggests a small (<38 mm) glenosphere.

Level of evidence

Level III, therapeutic study. Original article.
Assessment of Knowledge Regarding Risks and Benefits of the Use of Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants
Authors: Valery Jose Raul , Marar Ahmad , Pujalte George , Ward Cynthia , Abdelmoneim Yousif M. , Fitzgerald Patrick J. , Mwakyanjala Edson , Harris Dana M. , Murray Loren , Heckman Michael G. , White Launia J. , Stancampiano Fernando
Published: August 2022

Background:

Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOAC) have replaced vitamin K antagonist (VKA) oral anticoagulants as the first-line treatment option for stroke prevention in high-risk patients with atrial fibrillation. With VKA therapy, disease and treatment-related knowledge is associated with improved adherence and outcomes. There is concern that due to the lack of need for ongoing visits for laboratory monitoring in patients on NOACs, there is less opportunity for education, leading to poor disease- and treatment-related knowledge in this patient group.

Methods:

One hundred ninety-nine (199) patients presenting to 2 primary care clinics on NOAC therapy were surveyed regarding atrial fibrillation and their knowledge regarding NOACs. Chart review was completed to determine patient characteristics and data obtained was compared with survey results to determine the accuracy of the survey responses.

Results:

Patients with a lower degree of NOAC knowledge tended to be older ( P < .001), have higher Charlson Comorbidity Index scores ( P = .001), use apixaban more often ( P = .008), and have been on NOACs for a shorter time period ( P = .007).

Conclusions:

There is an opportunity to improve NOAC-related knowledge in patients with atrial fibrillation. When developing educational interventions, patient characteristics associated with poor knowledge should be considered. Based on our results, these are patients who are older, more medically complex, are on apixaban, and have been on NOAC therapy for a shorter duration.
Security, history and the boundaries of European identity after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine
Authors: Deyermond Ruth
Published: August 2022

The Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 was a rupture point in European politics of a kind not seen since the collapse of the USSR in 1991. The effects on the human, military, energy and environmental security of Central and Eastern Europe have been dramatic, but ideational factors are proving to be as significant as material ones. Conflicting understandings of shared history are shaping the course of the war in Ukraine and its effects on the rest of Europe, underscoring the status of Russia as the other against which European societies construct their identity. As a result, in the rest of Europe as well as in Ukraine itself, Ukrainian identity is now increasingly seen as European, and European identity is understood to include Ukraine. At the same time, a collective focus on this reshaping of identity is muting some of the most urgent questions about the limits of European liberalism and democracy.
The Impact of Work Environment on Nurses’ Compassion: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Naseri Sepideh , Ghafourifard Mansour , Ghahramanian Akram
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Compassionate care is considered as the main part of the nurses’ identity and a core component of nursing care. One clinical environment where patients experience a lot of pain and nurses play a vital role in delivering care is the intensive care unit (ICU).

Objective

Considering the importance of compassionate care in intensive care units, this study aimed to assess the relationship between the work environment and nurses’ compassion in intensive care units.

Methods

In this cross-sectional survey, a total of 235 nurses were randomly selected from the intensive care units of four educational hospitals of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences from January to March 2021. Data were collected by demographic questionnaire, the Sussex-Oxford Compassion for Others Scale (SOCS-O) and the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI).

Results

The results showed that there was a significant and inverse relationship between the patient per nurse ratio and the mean score of nurses’ compassion ( P < .05). Moreover, Pearson correlation coefficient showed that the mean total score of the nursing work index had a significant positive relationship with the mean score of the compassion for others (r = 0.16, P = .016).

Conclusion

Health care managers and leaders should pay more attention to the promotion of nurses’ working environments and they should remove the organizational barriers of compassionate care delivery.
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant outcomes in adults with inherited myeloid malignancies
Authors: Saygin Caner , Roloff Gregory , Hahn Christopher N. , Chhetri Rakchha , Gill Saar , Elmariah Hany , Talati Chetasi , Nunley Emma , Gao Guimin , Kim Aelin , Bishop Michael , Kosuri Satyajit , Das Soma , Singhal Deepak , Venugopal Parvathy , Homan Claire C. , Brown Anna , Scott Hamish S. , Hiwase Devendra , Godley Lucy A.
Published: August 2022

There is increasing recognition that pathogenic germ line variants drive the development of hematopoietic cancers in many individuals. Currently, patients with hereditary hematologic malignancies (HHMs) receive similar standard therapies and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) approaches as those with sporadic disease. We hypothesize that patients with myeloid malignancies and deleterious germ line predisposition variants have different posttransplant outcomes than those without such alleles. We studied 472 patients with myeloid neoplasms, of whom 26% had deleterious germ line variants and 34% underwent HSCT. Deleterious germ line variants in CHEK2 and DDX41 were most commonly seen in American and Australian cohorts, respectively. Patients with deleterious germ line DDX41 variants had a higher incidence of severe (stage 3-4) acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) (38%) than recipients with deleterious CHEK2 variants (0%), other HHM variants (12%), or patients without such germ line variants (9%) (P = .002). Importantly, the use of posttransplant cyclophosphamide reduced the risk of severe acute GVHD in patients receiving HSCT for deleterious germ line DDX41-associated myeloid neoplasms (0% vs 53%, P = .03). Based on these results, we advocate the use of posttransplant cyclophosphamide when individuals with deleterious germ line DDX41 variants undergo allogeneic HSCT for myeloid malignancies, even when transplantation has been performed using wild-type donors.
Intensiveversusshort face-to-face smoking cessation interventions: a meta-analysis
Authors: Rasmussen Mette , Lauridsen Susanne Vahr , Pedersen Bolette , Backer Vibeke , Tønnesen Hanne
Published: August 2022

Objectives

To evaluate the efficacy of intensive smoking cessation interventions (ISCIs) directly compared with shorter interventions (SIs), measured as successful quitting.

Method

Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library and CINAHL were searched on 15 October 2021. Peer-reviewed randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of adult, daily smokers undergoing an ISCI were included. No setting, time or language restrictions were imposed. Risk of bias and quality of evidence was assessed using the Cochrane tool and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation, respectively. Meta-analyses were conducted using a random-effects model.

Results

17 550 unique articles were identified and 17 RCTs evaluating 9812 smokers were included. 14 studies were conducted in Europe or the USA. The quality of the evidence was assessed as low or moderate. Continuous abstinence was significantly higher in ISCIs in the long term (risk ratio 2.60, 95% CI 1.71–3.97). Direction and magnitude were similar in the short term; however, they were not statistically significant (risk ratio 2.49, 95% CI: 0.94–6.56). When measured as point prevalence, successful quitting was still statistically significant in favour of ISCIs, but lower (long term: 1.64, 1.08–2.47; short term: 1.68, 1.10–2.56). Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the results.

Conclusion

ISCIs are highly effective compared to SIs. This important knowledge should be used to avoid additional morbidity and mortality caused by smoking.
Acute abdomen due to anaphylactic intestinal edema associated with systematic mastocytosis: a case report
Authors: Takagishi Tomoko , Miki Katsuhiko , Imashuku Shinsaku , Takagishi Katsushige
Published: August 2022

Background

Among various anaphylactic conditions resulting in acute abdomen, mast cell activation disorders, although rare, are included in the differential diagnosis.

Case presentation

This report describes a 63-year-old Caucasian man who was brought to the emergency room with sudden onset abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea, with breathing difficulty, and with facial swelling after quarrelling with an acquaintance. Computed tomography showed edematous and swollen intestines, consistent with splenomegaly. Physical findings included maculopapular cutaneous mastocytosis. He also had a long history of repeated episodes of anaphylaxis requiring occasional epinephrine auto-injector administration; however, the precise cause of anaphylaxis was previously undetermined. Blood tests showed high serum concentrations of soluble IL-2R and tryptase, suggesting mast cell-related disease. Subsequent biopsies of his bone marrow and cutaneous rash confirmed the diagnosis of systemic mastocytosis (SM).

Conclusion

SM was diagnosed in a patient with acute abdomen who visited the emergency room.
Delayed access to feed early post-hatch affects the development and maturation of gastrointestinal tract microbiota in broiler chickens
Authors: Proszkowiec-Weglarz Monika , Miska Katarzyna B. , Ellestad Laura E. , Schreier Lori L. , Kahl Stanislaw , Darwish Nadia , Campos Philip , Shao Jonathan
Published: August 2022

Background

The first two weeks of post-hatch (PH) growth in broilers (meat-type birds) are critical for gut development and microbiota colonization. In the current broiler production system, chicks may not receive feed and water for 24 to 72 h due to variations in hatching time and hatchery management. Post-hatch feed delay affects body weight, feed efficiency, mortality, and gut development. The goal of this study was to investigate changes in the microbiome in broiler chickens early PH and the effect of delayed access to feed on the microbiota.

Results

Chicks either received feed and water immediately after hatch or access to feed was delayed for 48 h to mimic commercial hatchery settings (treatment, TRT). Both groups were sampled (n = 6) at -48, 0, 4 h, and 1 (24 h), 2 (48 h), 3 (72 h), 4 (96 h), 6 (144 h), 8 (192 h), 10 (240 h), 12 (288 h) and 14 (336 h) days PH. Ileal (IL) and cecal (CE) epithelial scrapings (mucosal bacteria, M) and digesta (luminal bacteria, L) were collected for microbiota analysis. Microbiota was determined by sequencing the V3-V4 region of bacterial 16S rRNA and analyzed using QIIME2. The microbiota of early ileal and cecal samples were characterized by high abundance of unclassified bacteria. Among four bacterial populations (IL-L, IL-M, CE-L, CE-M), IL-M was the least affected by delayed access to feed early PH. Both alpha and beta diversities were affected by delayed access to feed PH in IL-L, CE-M and CE-L. However, the development effect was more pronounced. In all four bacterial populations, significant changes due to developmental effect (time relative to hatch) was observed in taxonomic composition, with transient changes of bacterial taxa during the first two weeks PH. Delayed access to feed has limited influence on bacterial composition with only a few genera and species affected in all four bacterial populations. Predicted function based on 16S rRNA was also affected by delayed access to feed PH with most changes in metabolic pathway richness observed in IL-L, CE-L and CE-M.

Conclusions

These results show transient changes in chicken microbiota biodiversity during the first two weeks PH and indicate that delayed access to feed affects microbiota development. Proper microbiota development could be an important factor in disease prevention and antibiotic use in broiler chickens. Moreover, significant differences in response to delayed access to feed PH between luminal and mucosal bacterial populations strongly suggests the need for separate analysis of these two populations.
Major complications after percutaneous biopsy of native or transplanted liver in pediatric patients: a nationwide inpatient database study in Japan
Authors: Kurakawa Kayo Ikeda , Okada Akira , Bessho Kazuhiko , Jo Taisuke , Ono Sachiko , Michihata Nobuaki , Kumazawa Ryosuke , Matsui Hiroki , Fushimi Kiyohide , Yamaguchi Satoko , Yamauchi Toshimasa , Nangaku Masaomi , Kadowaki Takashi , Yasunaga Hideo
Published: August 2022

Aim

Although major complication rates following percutaneous liver biopsy (PLB) have been reported to be higher in children than in adults, scarce data are available regarding pediatric patients stratified by native and transplanted liver. We aimed to assess the factors associated with major complications after percutaneous biopsy of native or transplanted liver using a nationwide inpatient database.

Methods

Using the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database, we retrospectively identified pediatric patients who underwent PLB between 2010 and 2018. We described major complication rates and analyzed factors associated with major complications following PLB, stratified by native and transplanted liver.

Results

We identified 3584 pediatric PLBs among 1732 patients from 239 hospitals throughout Japan during the study period, including 1310 in the native liver and 2274 in the transplanted liver. Major complications following PLB were observed in 0.5% (n = 18) of the total cases; PLB in the transplanted liver had major complications less frequently than those in the native liver (0.2% vs. 1.0%, p = 0.002). The occurrence of major complications was associated with younger age, liver cancers, unscheduled admission, anemia or coagulation disorders in cases with native liver, while it was associated with younger age alone in cases with transplanted liver.

Conclusions

The present study, using a nationwide database, found that major complications occurred more frequently in pediatric cases with native liver and identified several factors associated with its major complications.