bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMM-BCP-01, a patient-derived anti–SARS-CoV-2 antibody cocktail, is active across variants of concern including Omicron BA.1 and BA.2
Authors: Nikitin Pavel A. , DiMuzio Jillian M. , Dowling John P. , Patel Nirja B. , Bingaman-Steele Jamie L. , Heimbach Baron C. , Henriquez Noeleya , Nicolescu Chris , Polley Antonio , Sikorski Eden L. , Howanski Raymond J. , Nath Mitchell , Shukla Halley , Scheaffer Suzanne M. , Finn James P. , Liang Li-Fang , Smith Todd , Storm Nadia , McKay Lindsay G. A. , Johnson Rebecca I. , Malsick Lauren E. , Honko Anna N. , Griffiths Anthony , Diamond Michael S. , Sarma Purnanand , Geising Dennis H. , Morin Michael J. , Robinson Matthew K.
Published: June 2022

Monoclonal antibodies are an efficacious therapy against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, rapid viral mutagenesis led to escape from most of these therapies, outlining the need for an antibody cocktail with a broad neutralizing potency. Using an unbiased interrogation of the memory B cell repertoire of patients with convalescent COVID-19, we identified human antibodies with broad antiviral activity in vitro and efficacy in vivo against all tested SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, including Delta and Omicron BA.1 and BA.2. Here, we describe an antibody cocktail, IMM-BCP-01, that consists of three patient-derived broadly neutralizing antibodies directed at nonoverlapping surfaces on the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. Two antibodies, IMM20184 and IMM20190, directly blocked Spike binding to the ACE2 receptor. Binding of the third antibody, IMM20253, to its cryptic epitope on the outer surface of RBD altered the conformation of the Spike Trimer, promoting the release of Spike monomers. These antibodies decreased Omicron SARS-CoV-2 infection in the lungs of Syrian golden hamsters in vivo and potently induced antiviral effector response in vitro, including phagocytosis, ADCC, and complement pathway activation. Our preclinical data demonstrated that the three-antibody cocktail IMM-BCP-01 could be a promising means for preventing or treating infection of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, including Omicron BA.1 and BA.2, in susceptible individuals.
Genotypic and Phenotypic Diversity of the Replication-Competent HIV Reservoir in Treated Patients
Authors: Nicolas Alexandre , Migraine Julie , Dutrieux Jacques , Salmona Maud , Tauzin Alexandra , Hachiya Atsuko , Estaquier Jérôme , Molina Jean-Michel , Clavel François , Hance Allan J. , Mammano Fabrizio
Published: June 2022

In HIV-infected and effectively treated individuals, integrated proviral genomes may persist for decades. The vast majority of the genomes, however, are defective, and only the replication-competent fraction represents a threat of viral reemergence.
Circ-Udg Derived from Cyprinid Herpesvirus 2 Promotes Viral Replication
Authors: Zhu Min , Dai Yaping , Tong Xinyu , Zhang Yaxin , Zhou Yang , Cheng Jiali , Jiang Yiting , Yang Ruolin , Wang Xiangyu , Cao Guangli , Xue Renyu , Hu Xiaolong , Gong Chengliang
Published: June 2022

The outbreak of
C. auratus
gibelio
gill hemorrhagic disease caused by CyHV-2 brought great losses to the gibel carp industry. Therefore, exploring the interaction between CyHV-2 and host and the molecular mechanism of viral infection is of great significance in preventing and treating the gibel carp gill hemorrhagic disease.
Bringing damage control surgery simulation to life: developing a novel surgical anatomy model within immersive military trauma surgery simulation
Authors: Swain C S , Cohen H M L , Stannard A , Faulconer E R , Pallister I
Published: June 2022

Haemorrhage from junctional injuries remains the most common cause of battlefield death. Changes to surgical training have meant acquiring and maintaining trauma surgical skills is becoming more difficult for military surgeons. The multidisciplinary Military Operational Specialist Team Training (MOSTT) course is designed to bridge the gap between civilian practice and the deployed environment, as part of predeployment trauma training. It involves immersive team simulation and uses cadaveric dissection for surgical skills practice.

A novel surgical anatomy model, featuring junctional haemorrhage surgical task trainers of the groin and shoulder, was designed using reconstructed CT and MRI images obtained from a human volunteer. The model is designed to look and feel as realistic as possible, with the added dimension of pulsatile ‘blood’ flow from a simulation gunshot injury.

This surgical anatomy model has been trialled, as part of the MOSTT course, by 90 surgeons and perioperative practitioners, with feedback analysis used for iterative model development. Feedback demonstrated that, alongside more traditional cadaveric dissection, this surgical anatomy model adds value to current predeployment training delivered within the immersive simulation of the MOSTT course. Research by the authors about the effects of this model on surgical ability and performance is ongoing. However, there is clear potential for this model to be used in other environments, including on exercises and as part of consolidation training while deployed.
Consent for orthopaedic trauma surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Selmi Hussain , Davies Andrew , Walker Joseph , Heaton Toby , Sabharwal Sanjeeve , Dani Melanie , Fertleman Michael , Reilly Peter
Published: June 2022

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought a series of new challenges to the management of surgical patients. The consent process relies on a foundation of open and non-coerced discussion between clinician and patient, which includes all the potential risks of surgery. This must be updated to incorporate the additional risks of surgery during the pandemic including infection with the SARS-CoV-2 and increased risks of complications with the potential requirement for intensive care support.

Aim

The aim of this multi-cycle quality improvement project was to ensure all patients were fully informed of the risks of developing COVID-19 and the possible need for intensive care unit (ICU) support.

Methods

We investigated the quality of the consent process for patients undergoing surgery for trauma at our major trauma centre. Our baseline data collection included a review of all orthopaedic trauma consent forms over a 4-week period in March 2020. We subsequently undertook three further Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles over separate 4-week periods. First, in June 2020, after education measures and presentation of baseline data, second in July 2020 after further education and regular digital reminders were sent to staff, and third in September 2021 after the implementation of an electronic consent form.

Results

At baseline, only 2.6% of consent forms mentioned the risk of COVID-19 and none mentioned the risk of requiring ITU support. Through three PDSA cycles this increased to 97% of cases where consent forms displayed the additional risks of COVID-19 and the potential need for ITU admission.

Conclusion

Our quality improvement project improved the informed consent procedure at our trust. By incorporating these additional risks into the template of an electronic consent form, we hope to achieve sustained improvement in practice.
Altered excitability of motor neuron pathways after stroke: more than upper motor neuron impairments
Authors: Li Pingping , Chen Chunyong , Huang Baozi , Jiang Zimu , Wei Jiating , Zeng Jinsheng
Published: June 2022

Background

Previous studies have suggested that impairment occurs in the lower motor neuron (LMN) pathway after stroke, but more research remains to be supported.

Objective

In this study, we tested the hypotheses: (1) both motor cortex and peripheral nerve pathways have decreased excitability and structural damage after stroke; (2) parameters of transcranial magnetic stimulation motor evoked potentials (TMS-MEP) can be used as predictors of motor function and stroke prognosis.

Methods

We studied five male cynomolgus monkeys with ischaemic stroke. TMS-MEP, cranial MRI, behavioural assessment, neurological scales and pathology were applied.

Results

Elevated resting motor threshold (RMT) (p<0.05), decreased TMS-MEP amplitudes (p<0.05) and negative RMT lateralisation were detected in both the affected motor cortex (AMC) and the paretic side median nerve (PMN) at 2 weeks poststroke. Disturbed structure and loose arrangement of myelin sheaths were observed in the PMN through H&E staining and LFB staining at 12 weeks poststroke. The primate Rankin Scale (used for assess the stroke prognosis) scores at 2–12 weeks after middle cerebral artery occlusion were [1, (1; 3)], [1, (1;2)], [1, (1; 1.5)] and [1, (1; 1.5)], respectively. The RMT and RMT lateralisation (AMC) were predictors of stroke prognosis, and the RMT lateralisation of PMN and latency of AMC were predictors of motor impairment.

Conclusions

Both upper motor neuron (UMN) and LMN pathway excitability is reduced after stroke, and structural damage in median nerve 12 weeks after stroke occur. In addition, RMT and RMT lateralisation are predictors of stroke prognosis and motor impairment.
Experimental study on fuel line pressure fluctuation of biodiesel–DME blends in a common-rail injection system
Authors: Hou Junxing , Zhang Huayang , An Xiaodong
Published: June 2022

The fuel line pressure fluctuations at the injector outlet of biodiesel–dimethyl ether (DME) blends in a common-rail injection system are investigated using the wavelet packet transform. The effects of injection condition and DME blending ratio on the pressure fluctuation characteristics are determined. The results show that the pressure fluctuation intensity determines wavelet packet energy distribution in the three subsignals. The overall pressure fluctuation is reflected by subsignal Sig1, which is composed of subsignals Sig2 and Sig3. Sig2 exhibits medium-frequency pressure fluctuations, and mainly occurs in the pressure rise stage and the pressure drop stage. Sig3 exhibits high-frequency pressure fluctuations, and mainly locates in the pressure stabilization stage. The pressure fluctuations at high injection pressure are more significant compared with those at low injection pressure. Biodiesel–DME blends display similar effects of injection pressure. With the increase of injection pressure, the mean energy and the standard deviation of Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3 increase, especially those of Sig1 and Sig3. When DME is blended in the biodiesel, the pressure fluctuations for biodiesel–DME blends are more significant compared with biodiesel. With the increase of DME blended ratio, the mean energy and the standard deviation of Sig1 and Sig3 gradually increase.
Higher dimensional charged static and rotating solutions in mimetic gravity
Authors: Bakhtiarizadeh Hamid R.
Published: June 2022

We find new solutions to the Einstein–Maxwell equations in the presence of mimetic field in D dimensions, all of which are asymptotically anti-de Sitter. We derive the solutions in five-dimensional spacetime, in detail. By extending the calculations to six and seven dimensions, we obtain a general form for solutions in dimensions larger than four. The results describe electrically charged static and rotating solutions, which have spherical, toroidal or cylindrical horizons. The solutions, depending on their global identifications, can be regarded as black holes, or black strings/branes. Some physical properties of solutions such as horizons, singularities as well as entropy, mass, and angular momenta of rotating solutions are also investigated.
Development of a resource-efficient FPGA-based neural network regression model for the ATLAS muon trigger upgrades
Authors: Ospanov Rustem , Feng Changqing , Dong Wenhao , Feng Wenhao , Zhang Kan , Yang Shining
Published: June 2022

This paper reports on the development of a resource-efficient FPGA-based neural network regression model for potential applications in the future hardware muon trigger system of the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Effective real-time selection of muon candidates is the cornerstone of the ATLAS physics programme. With the planned ATLAS upgrades for the High Luminosity LHC, an entirely new FPGA-based hardware muon trigger system will be installed that will process full muon detector data within a 10 $${\upmu }\text {s}$$

μ
s

latency window. The large FPGA devices planned for this upgrade should have sufficient spare resources to allow deployment of machine learning methods for improving identification of muon candidates and searching for new exotic particles. Our neural network regression model promises to improve rejection of the dominant source of background trigger events in the central detector region, which are due to muon candidates with low transverse momenta. This model was implemented in FPGA using 157 digital signal processors and about 5000 lookup tables. The simulated network latency and deadtime are 122 and 25 ns, respectively, when implemented in the FPGA device using a 320 MHz clock frequency. Two other FPGA implementations were also developed to study the impact of design choices on resource utilisation and latency. The performance parameters of our FPGA implementation are well within the requirements of the future muon trigger system, therefore opening a possibility for deploying machine learning methods for future data taking by the ATLAS experiment.
Different Mechanisms of Pattern Formation in a Plankton Model with Cross-Diffusion and Fitness
Authors: Wang Wen , Liu Shutang , Liu Zhibin
Published: June 2022

Pattern formation is a ubiquitous phenomenon encountered in various nonequilibrium physical, chemical and biological systems. The resulting spatiotemporal patterns as well as their characteristics are often determined by the type of instability. However, when different instabilities occur simultaneously, the generated pattern formation cannot be expected to be a simple superposition of patterns. To address this issue, we study spatiotemporal dynamics driven by different mechanisms in a reaction–advection–diffusion plankton model. Linear stability analysis is performed upon the uniform steady state to identify conditions for the predator–prey interaction driven, taxis-diffusion driven and cross-diffusion-driven instabilities. For the cross-diffusion-driven instability, we employ weakly nonlinear analysis to derive amplitude equations, which helps to predict the type of patterns turning out to emerge with parameters that are varying. Theoretical results are verified by numerical simulations, and some interesting patterns including spiral and target waves are also numerically observed.
A Delayed Dynamical Model Describing the Effect of Tumor-Induced Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor on Angiogenesis: Backward Bifurcations and Global Dynamics
Authors: Chen Jiawen , Ma Wanbiao , Feng Zhaosheng
Published: June 2022

Dynamic models have been successfully used for the prediction of long-term evolutionary behavior of the growth of tumor cells. In this paper, based on previous research, time delay in the process of the growth of tumor cells is further considered and a class of dynamic models with two-time delays and general functional response function is proposed. This model describes the effect of tumor-induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on angiogenesis. First, the model is reduced to a two-dimensional one by means of the quasi-steady-state approximation method. This model has forward and backward bifurcations of the equilibria. Then, local stability of all equilibria, global stability of the tumor cell-free equilibrium and the vascular endothelial cell-free equilibrium, and the persistence of this model are studied in detail. It is found that time delay of tumor-induced vascular endothelial cells proliferation does not change local stability of the equilibria, while time delay associated with the growth of tumor cells can lead to the existence of Hopf bifurcation periodic solutions.
Water-soluble porphyrin photosensitizers containing electron-withdrawing and electron-donating groups for photodynamic therapy
Authors: Zhang Wen-Yuan , Li Gui-Chen , Li Yan-Yan , Fan Yan , Sun Xue-Qin , Zhang Qi-Bin , Hou Bing-Jie , Xu Wei-Bing , Jin Neng-Zhi , Feng Xiao-Xia , Liu Jia-Cheng
Published: June 2022

Photodynamic therapy is used to treat a variety of cancers. In this paper, water-soluble porphyrin photosensitizers (H2P1[Formula: see text]H2P3) for photodynamic therapy were synthesized, containing three groups -CH3, -CN, and -CF3. Density functional theory is used to optimize the structure of H2P1-H2P3 and calculate the [Formula: see text]E value. The smaller the value of [Formula: see text]E, the more favorable the electron transfer and thus the higher activity of the porphyrin photosensitizers. Due to the electron-withdrawing groups of -CN and -CF3, H2P2 and H2P3 have lower [Formula: see text]E values, higher reactive oxygen species yields compared with H2P1. The H2P2 porphyrin photosensitizers showed positive photodynamic therapeutic activity against hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) and good compatibility with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by cellular anticancer activity assay. The anti-cancer mechanism of PSs was explained by living and dead cell staining experiment and intracellular reactive oxygen species experiment. PSs produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer cells under light irradiation, which induced cancer cell apoptosis.
Remembering Andrzej Kossakowski
Authors: Pascazio Saverio
Published: June 2022

When someone disappears, where do their ideas go?
PCube: Scaling LoRa Concurrent Transmissions with Reception Diversities
Authors: Xia Xianjin , Hou Ningning , Zheng Yuanqing , Gu Tao
Published: June 2022

This article presents the design and implementation of PCube, a phase-based parallel packet decoder for concurrent transmissions of LoRa nodes. The key enabling technology behind PCube is a novel air-channel phase measurement technique that is able to extract phase differences of air-channels between LoRa nodes and multiple antennas of a gateway. PCube leverages the reception diversities of multiple receiving antennas of a gateway and scales the concurrent transmissions of a large number of LoRa nodes, even exceeding the number of receiving antennas at a gateway. As a phase-based parallel decoder, PCube provides a new dimension to resolve collisions and supports more concurrent transmissions by complementing time and frequency-based parallel decoders. PCube is implemented and evaluated with synchronized software defined radios and off-the-shelf LoRa nodes in both indoors and outdoors. Results demonstrate that PCube can substantially outperform state-of-the-art works in terms of aggregated throughput by 4.9× and the number of concurrent nodes by up to 5×. More importantly, PCube scales well with the number of receiving antennas of a gateway, which is promising to break the barrier of concurrent transmissions.
Fluid Mechanics in France in the First Half of the Twentieth Century
Authors: Charru François
Published: June 2022

If one opens today a textbook on fluid mechanics, it seems that whereas French scientists of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries are frequently mentioned, those from more recent times occur rarely; in particular, French contributions to the major breakthroughs of the first half of the twentieth century (boundary layers and turbulence) would appear quite modest. However, study of contemporary documents (PhD theses, journals, correspondence, etc.) reveals remarkable work undertaken by outstanding personalities. A key instigator of these achievements was the French Air Ministry, which, starting in 1929, and with great open-mindedness, created and generously financed four Institutes of Fluid Mechanics and five teaching centers in faculties of science. This reveals the 1930s in their true light as a fruitful decade, with achievements that explain the prominent role played by France in the creation of the International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (IUTAM) in 1946. This review recounts the story of fluid mechanics in France, with emphasis on the connection between scientific questions and social and cultural issues, in a period marked by two world wars and great strengthening of international relationships.
Work-loop contractions reveal that the afterload-dependent time course of cardiac Ca2+ transients is modulated by preload
Authors: Dowrick Jarrah M. , Tran Kenneth , Garrett Amy S. , Anderson Alex J. , Nielsen Poul M. F. , Taberner Andrew J. , Han June-Chiew
Published: June 2022

This study is the first examination of Ca2+ handling in trabeculae undergoing work-loop contractions. These data reveal that reducing preload diminishes the influence of afterload on the decay phase of the cardiac Ca2+ transient. This is significant as it reconciles inconsistencies in the literature regarding the influence of external loads on cardiac Ca2+ handling. Furthermore, these findings highlight discrepancies between Ca2+ handling during isometric and work-loop contractions in cardiac trabeculae operating at their optimal length.
Efficacy and toxicity of the DPCPX nanoconjugate drug study for the treatment of spinal cord injury in rats
Authors: Gao Xiaohua , Hassan Md. Musfizur , Ghosh Samiran , Mao Guangzhao , Sankari Abdulghani
Published: June 2022

The intradiaphragmatic administration of nanoconjugate is safe and has the promise to significantly reduce the therapeutic dosage for the treatment and achieve long-term and possibly permanent recovery in respiratory muscle dysfunction after SCI. No toxicity of nanoconjugate was found in any of the experimental animals.
Study on the Risk of Transmission of COVID-19 Based on Population Migration
Authors: Hu Xiaofeng
Published: June 2022

Since the emergence of COVID-19, migration of people has transferred the virus to new locations, causing the epidemic to expand, and local governments have put in place control measures to prevent the virus from spreading further. As of January 24, 2020, we calculated the population immigration from Wuhan to the rest of mainland China using migration statistics from the Gaode Map. In addition, we utilized machine learning methods to simulate the curve of the COVID-19 epidemic in different regions and over different time periods. Furthermore, we used machine learning methods to simulate the COVID-19 epidemic curve in various regions and over various time periods. Based on the Wuhan exodus, we built a migration transmission risk model. From January 24 to February 19, 2020, we predicted the location, severity, and timing of epidemics in various parts of mainland China. We showed how discrepancies in model predictions might be utilized to measure transmission load in different parts of the country. Higher transmission risk indices suggest more community transmission in the region. According to the study, states with lower transmission risk indices but fewer cases than expected may have taken highly effective public health measures.
Research on the Impact Evaluation of Digital Finance on the Synergy between Economic Development and Ecological Environment
Authors: Yuan Feng
Published: June 2022

Following rapid growth, China’s economy is entering a period of high‐quality economic growth. High‐quality economic development has a profound impact on China’s current economic development. It can be said that the improvement of economic quality is an inevitable choice for China’s new stage of economic development. From this point of view, promoting high‐quality economic development has become an important practical issue in my country’s current economic and social development. As the integration and innovation of digital technology and taxation, the blessing of digital technology maximizes integration and precision, which can effectively meet the needs of higher stages of economic development. Perfect and inclusive development has become an important support for sustainable and healthy economic development. At present, behind the rapid economic growth, human economic activities have led to the emergence of an ecological and environmental crisis. The growth mode characterized by high input, high consumption support, and high emissions has resulted in insufficient supply of regional ecological and environmental resources, pollution, and damage to the ecological environment and also intensified. Therefore, this paper first examines the concept of digital finance and its enlightenment to economic development, and believes that digital finance has a good role in promoting economic development. Second, an evaluation model for the relationship between environmental environment and economic development is established, and an evaluation index system is obtained. Finally, through the comprehensive evaluation and analysis of economic development and ecological environment, it is concluded that in the era of digital finance, the level of regional economic development has been greatly improved, and my country’s regional economic development has been greatly improved, which is significantly faster than my country’s ecological environment improvement level.
Construction of Mental Health Knowledge Service Model Based on Online Medical Community
Authors: Xu Jingxiu , Li Xueguang , Wang Xianju , Li Bifeng , Hu Zhihua , Wang Feng , Liu Xiaoyan
Published: June 2022

This paper discusses a common mental disorder prevention mode to improve residents’ mental health quality and achieve the “comprehensive and fine-grained” mental health education knowledge service. The construction of mental health knowledge service model is conducive to accurately grasp the group cognition and psychological changes and take the initiative to make decisions. This paper analyzes the needs of mental health education knowledge service system and combs the research status of applying information technology and artificial intelligence to mental health education at home and abroad, the resource data of five major online medical communities at home and abroad were screened and mined, and the mental health feature tags of college students were extracted. Based on the existing mental health diagnosis experience database and multisource text, reuse and optimize ontology integration method to systematically construct mental health education ontology. Taking mental illness as an example, the rule base is constructed and the personalized recommendation service of mental health is realized. The service model can infer and output all kinds of diagnosis and treatment knowledge to provide users with intelligent mental health education knowledge services.
Spatial Correlation Network and Driving Factors of Trade between China and RECP Countries: Empirical Investigation Based on the Social Network Analysis Method
Authors: Liu Ding
Published: June 2022

This study adopts the revised gravity model to construct the spatial association network of trade in RECP countries and reveals its characteristics through a social network analysis method. The results are as follows: the spatial correlation of trade among RECP countries presents a complex, multithreaded network structure; the spatial correlation network of trade among RECP countries appears to fluctuate, indicating that their correlations, although influenced by the national environment, are still moving in the direction of regional integration; the degree centrality of China, Australia, and Korea is higher in terms of intermediary centrality and proximity centrality. This indicates that these countries are not only at the core of the network and have many associated relationships with other countries but also all are located at the center of the trade spatial association network; and the analysis results of the block model show that the trade spatial association network of RECP countries can be divided into four sections: net spillover, net benefit, broker, and two‐way spillover. The spillover effect between the two sections has obvious gradient transmission characteristics.
A Shilling Group Detection Framework Based on Deep Learning Techniques
Authors: Wang Shilei , Zhang Peng , Wang Hui , Chao Jinbo , Zhang Fuzhi
Published: June 2022

Research studies have shown that online recommender systems are under the threat of group shilling attacks, in which attackers attempt to distort the recommendation results of particular items by cooperatively injecting fake profiles. Existing detection methods usually divide candidate groups at first and then use the hand-crafted features to recognize shilling groups. However, the detection performance of existing methods depends highly on the quality of candidate groups obtained. Moreover, extracting features manually is time-consuming. To overcome these limitations, we propose a shilling group detection framework based on the sparse autoencoder and modified GraphSAGE model. First, we use the sparse autoencoder to obtain rating features of users from the rating dataset. Second, we analyse user collusive degrees to calculate user transition probabilities. Third, we build a user relation graph and utilize the modified GraphSAGE model to perform user classification. Finally, shilling groups are gathered according to the neighbour relations. Extensive experiment demonstrates that the proposed framework performs better on different datasets than baseline methods.
Effects of Catalpol on Alzheimer’s Disease and Its Mechanisms
Authors: Chen Huize , Deng Chujun , Meng Zeyu , Meng Shengxi
Published: June 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by memory loss and cognitive dysfunction. With the increasing aging of the population, the incidence of AD and the number of patients are also increasing year by year, causing more and more heavy burdens to the family and society. Catalpol, an iridoid glycoside compound, is one of the main active components of Rehmannia glutinosa. At present, a large number of experimental studies in vivo and in vitro have confirmed that catalpol has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and other neuroprotective effects, and it plays a significant role in the prevention and treatment of AD, with very small side effects and high safety. Therefore, it may be an ideal drug for the treatment of AD. Based on this, the role and mechanism of catalpol in AD will be comprehensively reviewed in the following.
The Effectiveness Comparison of Different Acupuncture-Related Therapies on Knee Osteoarthritis: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ye Chun , Zhou Jianlong , Wang Miaofen , Xiao Shasha , Lv Aihua , Wang Dejin
Published: June 2022

Objective. This meta-analysis aims to assess the efficacy of acupuncture-related therapy on knee osteoarthritis (KOA) patients. Method. We searched PubMed, Embase, and CNKI databases to screen eligible trials between 2017 and 2022. All trials that used acupuncture/moxibustion of KOA patients were included. Study selection and data extraction were performed by 2 researchers independently. The statistics was performed by using R 4.1.1. Results. A total of 17 trials were included in our meta-analysis. Meta-analysis results showed the evidence of the relation of several common acupunture/moxibustion treatments by network meta-analysis. In the fixed effect model, acupuncture/moxibustion has superior therapy efficacy than sham treatment (mean difference = −0.34, 95% confidence interval = (−0.52,−0.16),

P
=
0.95

). In fixed effect model, specific acupuncture/moxibustion has superior therapy efficacy than usual acupuncture/moxibustion (mean difference = –0.45, 95% confidence interval = (−0.62, −0.29),

P
<
0.01

). Conclusion. Acupuncture/moxibustion has superior therapy efficacy than sham treatment. Specific acupuncture/moxibustion has superior therapy efficacy than usual acupuncture/moxibustion.
Haematological Features of White Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Infected with S. pyogenes and Administered with Probiotics (Yogurt)
Authors: Rahmawati Novina , Syukri Maimun , Darmawi Darmawi , Zachreini Indra , Zulfiani Utari , Yusuf Muhammad , Idroes Rinaldi
Published: June 2022

This study aimed to study the inhibition activity of lactic acid bacteria probiotics deriving from Acehnese fermented Etawa goat’s milk (yogurt) against Streptococcus pyogenes bacterial infection in rats (Rattus norvegicus). Haematological analysis of the rats’ blood was performed on the following parameters: platelets, leukocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and monocytes, where the data were further processed using ANOVA and Duncan’s test with a confidence level of 95% (0.05). The results revealed that administering yogurt containing probiotics could reduce infections in the throats of rats caused by S. pyogenes. Based on the haematology examination, the probiotic yogurt could maintain the number of platelets, leukocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and monocytes. Statistical significance was obtained when the infected rats were administered with a ±1.00 mL/day dose for seven days of treatment (

p
<
0.05

).
The Significance of Exposure to Pregestational Type 2 Diabetes in Utero on Fetal Renal Size and Subcutaneous Fat Thickness
Authors: Pylypjuk Christy L. , Day Chelsea , ElSalakawy Yasmine , Reid Gregory J.
Published: June 2022

Objectives. To determine the relationship between exposure to pregestational type 2 diabetes (T2D) and renal size and subcutaneous fat thickness in fetuses during routine obstetrical ultrasound. Methods. This was a case-control study (January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019). Routine obstetrical ultrasounds performed between 18 and 22 weeks’ gestation at a tertiary-care fetal assessment unit were reviewed. “Cases” comprised ultrasounds of fetuses exposed to pregestational T2D in utero. The control group was assembled from ultrasounds of healthy controls. Postprocessing measurements of fetal renal size and abdominal wall thickness from stored images were performed by two independent observers, and findings were compared between groups. Results. There were 54 cases and 428 ultrasounds of healthy controls. The mean maternal age of cases was 32.1 years (SD 6.2) compared to 33.2 years (SD 5.3) for healthy controls, and the majority of ultrasounds were performed in multiparous patients (83%). At the 18 to 22 week ultrasound, there was a significant reduction in renal size amongst fetuses exposed to maternal T2D in utero compared to controls; among cases, the mean renal width was 8.0 mm (95% CI 7.8–8.1) compared to 11.4 mm (95% CI 10.6–12.7) in controls (

p
<
0.0001

); the mean renal thickness among cases was 8.1 mm (95% CI 7.9–8.2) compared to 11.5 mm (95% CI 10.7–12.9) in controls (

p
=
0.001

). There was no obvious difference in estimated fetal weight between groups, yet fetuses exposed to maternal T2D had increased subcutaneous abdominal wall fat thickness at this early gestational age (

p
=
0.008

). Conclusions. Fetal renal size in cases exposed to pregestational T2D is significantly smaller compared to controls, and subcutaneous abdominal wall fat is significantly thicker. Given emerging evidence about the developmental origins of disease, further study is needed to correlate the association between fetal renal size and fat distribution in the fetus and the long-term risk of chronic renal disease and diabetes in these offspring.
Cinobufacini Inhibits the Development of Pancreatic Cancer Cells through the TGFβ/Smads Pathway of Pancreatic Stellate Cells
Authors: Li Quan-Wang , Ma Long-Fei , Liu Chuan-Bo , Zhou Jie , Ma Bin-Ya , Zhuang Yao-Xue , Zhang Ke-Rui
Published: June 2022

This study aimed to test cinobufacini therapeutic potential for pancreatic cancer, verify its potential molecular mechanism, and evaluate the cinobufacini impact on pancreatic cancer microenvironment. First, the effect of cinobufacini-treated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) supernatant on the value-added ability of pancreatic cancer (PCCs) was tested. The results show that cinobufacini can effectively reduce the ability of PSCs supernatant to promote the value-added PCCs. Further results show that cinobufacini can effectively reduce the concentration of TGFβ in the supernatant of PSCs. Subsequently, the impact of cinobufacini on the transcription and translation levels of key genes in the TGFβ/Smads pathway was examined. The results showed that the impact of cinobufacini on the transcription levels of Smad2, Smad3, and Smad7 was in a concentration-dependent manner, while the transcriptional activity of collagen I mRNA was decreased with the increase of cinobufacini concentration. The results of protein expression showed that cinobufacini could upregulate the expression of inhibitory protein Smad7, inhibit the phosphorylation level of p-Smad2/3, and then suppress the expression of type I collagen (collagen I). On the one hand, this study shows that cinobufacini can inhibit the promotion of PSCs on the proliferation of PCCs. On the other hand, cinobufacini can upregulate the expression of the inhibitory molecule, Smad7, through the TGFβ/Smads pathway and reduce the phosphorylation level of p-Smad2/3, thereby inhibiting the expression of collagen I and pancreatic fibrosis. cinobufacin can inhibit the proliferation of SW1900 cells by blocking the TGFβ/Smads pathway of pancreatic stellate cells. These results provide a clinical basis for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Correlation between Coagulation Fibrinolysis Function and Outcomes during Hospitalization in Patients with Severe Traumatic Hemorrhagic Shock
Authors: Zhang Louwei , Lin Maosheng , Tang Xuhua , Tang Yejiang
Published: June 2022

Objective. To analyze the correlation between coagulation fibrinolysis function and outcomes during hospitalization in patients with severe traumatic hemorrhagic shock. Methods. A retrospective collection was performed on the clinical data of 106 patients with severe traumatic shock admitted to the hospital between January 2020 and January 2022. According to the injury severity score (ISS), they were divided into the S1 group (ISS <25 points, n = 70) and the S2 group (ISS ≥25 points, n = 36). The prothrombin time (PT), fibrinogen (Fib), thrombin time (TT), and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were detected by the coagulation assay. The aD-dimer (D-D) was detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Antithrombin activity (AT : A) and plasminogen activity (PLG : A) were detected by the chromogenic substrate method. The relationship between coagulation fibrinolysis indexes and injury severity was analyzed by Spearman's correlation analysis. The predictive value of coagulation fibrinolysis indexes for outcomes of patients with severe traumatic hemorrhagic shock was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results. The levels of PT, APTT, D-D, TT, AT : A and PLG : A in the S2 group were higher than those in S1 group, while the Fib level was lower than that in the S1 group (

P
<
0.05

). A Spearman’s analysis showed that PT, APTT, TT, D-D, AT : A, and PLG : A were positively correlated with injury severity (

P
<
0.05

), while Fib was negatively correlated with it (

P
<
0.05

). Among the 106 patients, there were 89 survived cases and 17 died cases. The levels of PT, APTT, D-D, AT : A and PLG : A in the death group were lower than those in the survival group, while the Fib level was higher than that in the survival group. The results of ROC curve analysis showed that serum PT, APTT, Fib, TT and D-D were of predictive value for outcomes (AUC = 0.713, AUC = 0.683, AUC = 0.712, AUC = 0.761, AUC = 0.730, AUC = 0.765, AUC = 0.673,

P
<
0.05

), and cutoff values were 20.29 s, 34.79 s, 3.54 g/L, 20.97 s, 1.42 μg/L, 73.53% and 63.97%, respectively. Conclusion. There is coagulation and fibrinolysis dysfunction in patients with severe traumatic hemorrhagic shock, which is related to injury severity. The coagulation fibrinolysis indexes have a certain predictive value for outcomes of patients.
The Practice and Application of AR Games to Assist Children’s English Pronunciation Teaching
Authors: Hu Liang , Yuan Yuan , Chen Qing , Kang Xiangying , Zhu Yan
Published: June 2022

This paper conducts an in-depth study and analysis of the practice and application of teaching English pronunciation to children using AR (augmented reality) game assistance. The article analyzes the design of AR educational games based on the concept of learning behavior input, clarifies and determines the factors influencing students’ learning behavior input in AR gamified teaching environment, and proposes the design principles of AR educational games based on learning behavior input. By analyzing the characteristics of experiential learning and AR, the model of AR-based English experiential learning activities for elementary school is established. Based on certain demand analysis, the AR software that can be used for teaching pronunciation in elementary school English classrooms was designed and developed using Unity3D and 3ds Max software. The experimental method was used to compare and apply the software in the target school, and the students of elementary school X were selected as the experimental subjects. The data were analyzed with the help of SPSS and NVivo software, and the questionnaire was used to measure the “ease of use,” “usefulness,” and “satisfaction with the software.” The questionnaire was used to measure students’ acceptance of AR software in three dimensions: “ease of use,” “usefulness,” and “satisfaction with the software.”
Interactive Teaching System for Remote Vocal Singing Based on Decision Tree Algorithm
Authors: Wang Xiaotao , Liu Xiaoliang
Published: June 2022

As the global pandemic rapidly spreads, distance learning is emerging as a new method of instruction. Particularly, traditional courses that must be taught in-person, such as vocal singing instruction, require immediate adaptation to the COVID-19 and the new distance learning model. However, in the process of distance learning, it is frequently impossible to tailor and personalize instruction, particularly for vocal singing courses. Educational researchers are confronted with the pressing issue of how to extract useful and personalized patterns from a large volume of learner data in order to customize and individualize instruction. In this paper, we propose applying the decision tree method from data mining technology to a vocal singing education system by categorizing students according to the model. Once the characteristics of various learners have been stored in the corresponding user database, teachers can access timely information regarding the learners’ most recent learning situation. This can be used as the basis for differentiating instructional strategies for various learners. This allows the instructor to designate individualized teaching and learning strategies for each student.
Moisture Stability of Hard Sandstone Asphalt Mixture Based on APT with MMLS3
Authors: Ermao Zhang , Liming Yang , Datian Yang
Published: June 2022

To evaluate the moisture stability of a hard sandstone asphalt mixture, a testing section of a hard sandstone asphalt mixture was prepared in the laboratory. The accelerated pavement testing (APT) with the one-third-scale model mobile load simulator (MMLS3) was conducted in this testing section under temperature and water-coupled conditions. As the APT number increased, the elastic modulus of the hard sandstone asphalt mixture pavement gradually decreased. The average elastic modulus was 22.99 GPa after 160000 APT cycles. The bulk specific density of the sample rolled by the MMLS3 increased, and the residual indirect tensile strength ratio was 88.7%. Therefore, the hard sandstone asphalt mixture had good resistance to moisture damage, and hard sandstone aggregates can be used in a hot mix of asphalt.
Chebyshev Wavelet Analysis
Authors: Guariglia Emanuel , Guido Rodrigo Capobianco
Published: June 2022

This paper deals with Chebyshev wavelets. We analyze their properties computing their Fourier transform. Moreover, we discuss the differential properties of Chebyshev wavelets due to the connection coefficients. Uniform convergence of Chebyshev wavelets and their approximation error allow us to provide rigorous proofs. In particular, we expand the mother wavelet in Taylor series with an application both in fractional calculus and fractal geometry. Finally, we give two examples concerning the main properties proved.
Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Extract of Pistacia chinensis and Their In Vitro and In Vivo Biological Activities
Authors: Alhumaydhi Fahad A.
Published: June 2022

The synthesis of metal nanoparticles by using plant extracts is previously explored in phytomedicines. Nanobiotechnology has many applications, including cosmetic, packing, coating, biomedicine, and enhanced biological activity. Keeping in view the importance of Pistacia chinensis, its gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been synthesized by the eco‐friendless and cost‐effective method. In this study, the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by advanced techniques such as UV‐visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), and atomic force microscope (AFM) analysis. The biological activities of these synthesized nanoparticles were examined in vitro by measuring the enzymatic inhibition potential on urease and carbonic anhydrase and in vivo by determining the analgesic and sedative activities. The UV spectrum indicated various peaks at the range of 530‐550 nm, showing nanoparticles formation. The FT‐IR spectroscopy of the extracts and AuNPs indicated the presence of NH, C═N, and N═O in the extract involved in the nanoparticles synthesis. The size of nanoparticles was determined by AFM analysis. The AFM showed that the nanoparticles range from 10 to 100 nm and are almost spherical in shape. The synthesized AuNPs exhibited significant urease inhibition potential with an IC50 value of 44.98. Similarly, the nanoparticles exhibited good carbonic anhydrase inhibition with an IC50 value of 53.54 against acetazolamide having IC50 0.13. Pistacia chinensis extract and its AuNPs exhibited excellent attenuation p < 0.01 in acetic acid‐induced writhing model at a dose of 15 mg/kg. The synthesized nanoparticles showed a significant sedative effect p < 0.001 compared to the standard drug. This research work has developed a green method to synthesize nanoparticles by using Pistacia chinensis extract and directed the researcher to purify active phytochemicals from Pistacia chinensis involved in nanoparticles synthesized.
Quantitative Method of College English Assisted Teaching Effect Using Multifactor Algorithm
Authors: Wu Juanjuan
Published: June 2022

The important task of comprehensively improving educational quality, promoting educational fairness, and speeding up educational modernization raises the bar for educational informatization. This study investigates and analyses the wisdom teaching design mode of college English, based on English curriculum standards, wisdom education concept, and the theoretical foundation of the wisdom classroom. The evaluation method of college graduates’ learning efficiency is established using a multifactor model, DEA (data envelopment analysis), and other statistical methods. The accuracy of model performance is improved by more than 75 percent and the recall rate is improved by more than 65 percent when the feature dimension is increased from 5 to 100. The multifactor model is widely applicable, and it can also be used to investigate the evaluation of college English teaching in the new era.