bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dying in hospital or at home? a systematic review of the literature on the motivations for choosing the place of end of life for patients with chronic diseases
Authors: Agbodjavou Mena K. , Mêliho Pierre C. , Akpi Eric A. , Kpatchavi Adolphe C.
Published: October 2022

In many countries, palliative care is provided in hospitals and hospices. Over time, palliative care has developed outside general health care and is provided in the patient's home. We examine the motivations for preferences for place of care at the end of life, and the reasons for changes in these preferences in so-called developed and developing countries. Pubmed, Google Scholar and Social Sciences Citation Index databases were searched as of January 2021. Qualitative and mixed studies on terminal care, preferences for end-of-life care settings and palliative care settings were considered. The inclusion criteria were studies published between 1980 and 2021 in English or French and dealing with preferences for place of care at the end of life and negotiations around the choice of end-of-life location. Place of residence and environment motivated the choice of home, while the socioeconomic position of patients and families partly motivated the choice of hospital. The most important reasons for choosing to leave the hospital for the home were structural dysfunction in the delivery of palliative care (developed and developing countries), cultural and belief imprint (developed and developing countries), and the quest for a good death (developing countries). End-of-life care at home was the most common preference. Return to hospital was the second preference, especially for advanced diseases such as genetic diseases, cancer, chronic hepatitis, malignant neoplasm. Study designs in this area need to be improved, especially in French West Africa.
Acceptance of cervical cancer screening among women: global and Indian scenario
Authors: Bano Rizwana , Kumari Reema
Published: October 2022

Cervical cancer is the fourth most leading cause of cancer worldwide but most of the deaths have been reported from developing countries. The absence of HPV (Human papilloma virus) vaccination and cervical cancer screening program, two highly effective preventive interventions, may be to blame for this difference. Most of the countries have screening programs for cervical cancer but lack of education, Ignorance, lack of access or few other barriers have led to low acceptance of cervical cancer screening methods. One of the three components of WHO global elimination for cervical cancer strategy is to screen 70% of the women of the world by 2030 at the age of 35 and again at 45. In India cervical cancer screening prevalence is very low as of NFHS-5 (a nationally conducted family health survey). This study aims to review the cervical cancer screening acceptance across WHO regions with special focus on India. The literature search utilized PubMed, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate databases, with a period limit of January 2017 to July 2022.
Environment and its protection from tobacco: a step towards tobacco end game, a perspective from India
Authors: Pahari Shubhajit
Published: October 2022

The planet is facing numerous environmental concerns. Healthy soil, an appropriate quantity of clean and fresh water, and clean air are just a few of the basic essentials that allow humanity to survive, but are being stressed by rising populations and human demand for the earth's valuable resources. Tobacco-related processes are harmful to the environment, from cultivation to manufacture, distribution, product usage, and post-consumer trash. The tobacco industry's adverse influence on deforestation, climate change, and waste production is huge and expanding, and until now, these components of the tobacco control picture have received very little attention from researchers and policymakers. According to article 18 of the World Health Organization's (WHO) "framework convention on tobacco control (FCTC)," ratifying parties are required to give due consideration to environmental protection and the general well-being of people in relation to tobacco farming and production within their respective territories. Instead of focusing on controlling the tobacco epidemic, national and international discussions have centered on this idea to end it, which has sparked relatively longer-term strategy. Globally many countries including New Zealand, Scotland, United Kingdom, Ireland, United States of America, Canada, Australia, Sweden, Finland as well as India (third largest tobacco producer nation in the world) have already adopted various initiatives to adhere with end game strategy. This paper investigates the environmental impact of tobacco and its various other detrimental effects on health of living beings', as well as the "tobacco end game" approach to not only control the epidemic but also create a "tobacco-free world".
Biomedical waste management rule and changes in the policy
Authors: Raghuvanshi Vijay Pratap , Raghuvanshi Shiv Pratap
Published: October 2022

The amount of biomedical waste being generated in our country is increasing day by day. Biomedical waste if not handled properly can pollute the environment and can spread many harmful diseases. Health care workers in our country are still not fully aware about proper BMW handling and disposal, despite increasing global awareness on it. Biomedical waste management rules was first implemented in India on 20th July, 1998. Thereafter, the rules have undergone amendments in years 2003, 2011 and 2016. Latest biomedical waste management rules, 2016 and (amendment) rules, 2018, were simplification of BWM disposal as compared to 2018 rules. The objective of this study was to understand the difference and compare key points to be known by all health care workers and also clarification and inclusions in the rules.
COVID-19 PANDEMİSİ KOŞULLARINDA YAŞLILARIN TOPLUMSAL DAYANIŞMASI: MUĞLA TAÜ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: TUNA Muammer
Published: October 2022

2019 yılı Kasım ayında Çin’de ortaya çıkmış olan COVID-19 virüsü, hızla yayılarak kısa sürede tüm dünyayı etkisi altına almış ve 2020 yılı başında Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (WHO) tarafından pandemi olarak tanımlanmıştır. Bununla birlikte artık dünya köklü bir şekilde değişmeye ve adeta her şey yeniden tanımlanmaya başlanmıştır. COVID-19 Pandemisi kuşkusuz birçok farklı yönden irdelenebilir. Bununla birlikte yaşlı nüfusun Pandemi koşullarından sokağa çıkma kısıtlamasına tabi olması, bu toplum kesimlerinin pandemiden diğer toplum kesimlerine göre daha derinden etkilenmelerine yol açmıştır. Pandemi sonucunda oluşan sokağa çıkma kısıtlaması, yaşlıların sosyal ve psikolojik yaşamları üzerinde derin izler bırakma riski taşımıştır. Sokağa çıkma kısıtlamasından dolayı yaşlılar adeta bir yalnızlık, terk edilmişlik, kapatılmışlık duygusu içine girebilmişlerdir.

Bu noktada yaşlıların sosyal ve psikolojik olarak desteklenmesi ve bir dayanışmanın ortaya konması gereği ortaya çıkmıştır. Muğla Tazelenme Üniversitesi (TAÜ) Kampüsleri pandemi koşullarında derslerini uzaktan eğitim teknikleri kullanarak sürdürmüş ve böylelikle öğrenciler arasında bir anlamda sosyal medya ağları üzerinden bir sanal dayanışma ağı kurabilmiştir. Muğla TAÜ öğrencileri arasında uzaktan öğretim teknikleri kullanılarak oluşturulmuş olan “sanal toplum dayanışması”nın oluşumunu ortaya koymak amacıyla Muğla TAÜ öğrencileri üzerinde bir araştırma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Mart-Nisan (2020) aylarında 272 katılımcı ile internet üzerinden çevrimiçi olarak uygulanan bu araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre, uzaktan eğitim teknikleri ile uygulanan Tazelenme Üniversitesi Programı’nın öğrencileri arasında bir psikolojik dayanışma duygusu yarattığı ve onların pandeminin olumsuz sosyal ve psikolojik etkilerinden daha düşük düzeyde etkilendikleri ve onların yaşamlarına dokunarak iyi olma durumlarına kısmen katkı sağladığı ifade edilebilir.
TOHUM TOPLAYAN KADINLAR SÖYLEMİNİ YENİDEN DÜŞÜNMEK: KADIN KOOPERATİFİNDE TOHUM TOPLAMAYI REDDEDEN KADINLAR VE KAMU KURUMLARININ KADINLARA YAKLAŞIMI
Authors: KURTEGE SEFER Bengü
Published: October 2022

Tohum toplayan kadınlar söylemi, özcü bir yaklaşımla kadınların doğaya yakın oldukları için tohum topladıklarını ileri sürmektedir. Kadınların doğal kaynaklara erişimi, doğal kaynakları kullanımı ve bu kaynaklara ilişkin ekolojik bilgisini makro politikalar ve üretim ve yeniden üretim ilişkileri kapsamında değerlendirerek bu söyleme karşı kadın-doğa arasındaki bağlamsal ve değişken ilişkileri açıklamak mümkündür. Bu makalede, 2017 yılında İstanbul’da bir kadın kooperatifinin ortakları tarafından yerli çiçek tohumları toplanmasını ve kurulan serada bu tohumların fideye dönüştürülmesini hedefleyen devlet destekli projenin neden başarısız olduğu incelenmektedir. Bu soruya cevap aramak için kadın kooperatifi ortak ve yöneticisi ve kamu kurumu çalışanları ile yapılan yarı yapılandırılmış derinlemesine görüşmelerin içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Tohum toplamayı reddeden kadınların kararlarını etkileyen makro tohum politikaları, ilgili bakanlık yetkililerinin yaklaşımları ve toplumsal cinsiyet ilişkileri bir arada değerlendirilmiştir. İlk olarak son yıllarda yerli tohumların ilgili bakanlık birimlerince toplanması, üretimi ve kooperatif marketlerde satışını destekleyen makro politikalara uygun olarak söz konusu proje kapsamında devlet desteği ile ithal tohumlar yerine yerli tohumların toplanması ve kent peyzajında kullanılmak üzere bu tohumların fideye dönüştürülmesi amaçlanmıştır. İkinci olarak, bakanlık yetkilileri, bu projenin kadınlara istihdam olanağı yaratmak ve kadınların ekonomik güçlenmesini sağlamak amacıyla hazırlandığını ileri sürmüşlerdir. Ancak kadınlar için bu proje, yerli tohumların metalaşması ve ucuz kadın emeği sömürüsüne dayalı fide üretimi ile kentsel peyzajın üretim maliyetlerinin düşürülmesi anlamına gelmiştir. Kadınlar düşük gündelik ücreti kabul etmeyerek ve tohumların müşterek kullanımını savunarak kadın ve tohum arasında iktisadi rasyonaliteye dayalı ilişki biçiminin tek ilişki biçimi olmadığını göstermişlerdir. Ayrıca toplumsal cinsiyete dayalı iş bölümü ve beklentiler kadınların projeye katılmama kararlarını etkilemiştir. Bu iş bölümü içerisinde ev işlerinden ve çocuk bakımından sorumlu olan kadınlar için tohum toplama ve serada çalışma ekstra iş yükü anlamına geldiği için projede yer almak istememişlerdir. Ayrıca erkek egemen ideolojinin parçası olarak eşleri kadınların evden uzak yerlerde tohum toplamalarına izin vermemişlerdir.
TÜRKİYE’DE SİVİL DİN: ENGELLER VE FIRSATLAR
Authors: ALTINORDU Ateş
Published: October 2022

Türkiye 21. yüzyılın ilk iki on yılında muhafazakâr İslam'ın toplumsal ve siyasi hayatta hâkimiyetini kurmasına ve pekiştirmesine tanık oldu. Fakat bununla eş zamanlı olarak—her ne kadar etki alanı daha kısıtlı olsa da—muhafazakâr İslam'a eleştirel yaklaşan ve ezilen toplumsal grupların yanında yer alan bir sivil din akımı da görünürlük kazandı. Bu makalenin amacı Türkiye'de sivil dinin temel referanslarını, imkân alanlarını ve karşılaştığı engelleri ortaya çıkarmak. Çalışma bu amaçla din sosyolojisindeki ilgili literatür ışığında Türkiye sivil dininin önde gelen ilahiyatçılarından İhsan Eliaçık'ın sivil teolojisini ve örgütsel temsilcilerinden Mazlumder'in yörüngesini inceliyor. Yazar bu çözümlemeden yola çıkarak Türkiye’de sivil dinin geleceğine dair olasılıkları tartışıyor.
ETNOGRAFİK ARAŞTIRMALARA İLİŞKİSEL SOSYOLOJİNİN KATKILARI
Authors: AKÇAOĞLU Aksu
Published: October 2022

Bu çalışma, İzmir Yüksek Teknoloji Enstitüsü, Toplumsal Sorumluluk Projeler Koordinatörlüğü bünyesinde tasarlanan gönüllülük faaliyetlerinde yer alan üniversite öğrencilerinin deneyimlerine odaklanmaktadır. Toplumsal sorumluluk projeleri, üniversite öğrencilerinin gönüllülük deneyimi aracılığıyla demokratik ve katılımcı kimliğinin gelişimine katkıda bulunmayı ve öğrencilerin kapsayıcı bir toplum yaratmaya yönelik dönüşümde aktif olarak yer almalarını hedeflemektedir. Bu bağlamda gönüllülerin saha projeleri aracılığıyla, farklı nitelikteki sosyal gruplar ile kültürlerarası diyalog geliştirmeleri desteklenmektedir. Ancak bu diyalog, gönüllülerin kaygı duygusunu tetikleyen ve uyum yetkinlikleri geliştirmelerini gerektiren zorlu bir deneyime dönüşebilmektedir. Kültürlerarası diyaloğun gönüllüler üzerindeki etkilerini anlamak için 2016-2020 yılları arasında Toplumsal Sorumluluk Projeler Koordinatörlüğü bünyesinde gönüllü olarak yer almış 43 üniversite öğrencisi ile görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Görüşmeler aracılığıyla gönüllülerin sahada yaşadıkları zorlukları anlamak ve bu zorluklar ile başa çıkma mekanizmalarını ortaya çıkarmak amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca bu süreçte elde edilen verilerden hareketle saha deneyimini kolaylaştırıcı yöntemler keşfedilmiş; Toplumsal Sorumluluk Projeler Koordinatörlüğü’nün süreç yönetimi bağlamında ne gibi iyileştirmelere ihtiyaç duyduğuna dair önemli içgörüler elde edilmiştir.
ÇAĞDAŞ SOSYOLOJİK İKİLEMLER İÇİN BİR MİLAT: PARSONS-SCHUTZ TARTIŞMASI
Authors: BALCI Mehmet Emin
Published: October 2022

Bu çalışmada “çağdaş sosyal teori”nin muhtemel doğum anlarından birine odaklanılmaktadır: Parsons ve Schutz tartışması. Yaşadıkları çağ ve aldıkları eğitim itibariyle klasik sosyoloji dönemine ait olan iki sosyoloğun mektuplaşmaları çağdaş sosyolojinin ilerleyen süreçte yaşayacağı kuramsal gerilimler için adeta bir milattır. Toplumsal fenomenleri, bir meta-sistemin öngörülebilir sonucu olarak gören sistem yanlısı yaklaşımlar için Parsons; toplumsal fenomenleri bireyler arası bir etkinlik olarak gören aktör merkezli yaklaşımlar için Schutz kurucu bir referans olmuştur. Ülkemizde son yıllarda ciddi ilgi gören çağdaş sosyal teorinin imkan ve gerilimlerine tarihsel sosyolojik bir açılım kazandırmayı amaçlayan çalışmada Parsons ve Schutz’un birbirleri hakkındaki bilimsel yazıları ve özel yazışmaları eleştirel söylem analizine tabi tutulmaktadır. Öncelikle mektuplaşmanın ve polemiklerin nesnel tarihi tanımlanmaktadır. İkinci olarak söz konu metinler tematik ve biçimsel olarak analiz edilmektedir. Son olarak da yazışmalar toplumsal eylem söyleminin birer dispozitifi olarak incelenmekte; Parsons ve Schutz’un söylemlerinin çağdaş sosyolojinin disiplinleşme süreci içindeki kurumsal konumlarının değişmesine sebep olan söylemsel etmenler tartışılmaktadır.
ISTANBUL CAB DRIVERS AND DISPUTE RESOLUTION: A STUDY OF LEGAL CONSCIOUSNESS
Authors: BİRDAL Eyüp Mert , KURUÇAY Enes , İBİKOĞLU Arda
Published: October 2022

For three decades until November 2021, when an additional 1,000 cab licenses were issued, the total number of cab licenses in İstanbul was limited to 17,395. As the total number of cab licenses has not kept pace with İstanbul’s growing population, it has become impossible in the last decade to find an available cab during rush hours. The increasing scarcity of cabs not only turned this issue into an important social and political problem; it also brought many other players into the market, such as pirate cabs and Uber, the ridesharing app. Surprisingly, there is limited scholarly research on İstanbul cab drivers and the sector in general. Based on a research project conducted by undergraduate students in İstanbul during the fall of 2017, this article takes a comparative look at how İstanbul cab drivers engage in dispute resolution. During field work based on 19 semi-structured interviews with cab drivers and participant observation at a cab station, two types of grievances emerged as the most important issues for these drivers: 1) problems at the cab station, especially with the order of dispatching, and 2) encroachment by Uber. While most of the drivers were quite successful in utilizing various dispute resolution mechanisms in dealing with grievances at the cab station, very few of them engaged in mobilization, such as pursuing mechanisms to combat the increasing competition from Uber. We argue in this article that cab drivers are more likely to mobilize in defense of their rights if they believe that they are legitimate and rights-bearing subjects, as they are at the cab station. However, they are less likely to mobilize for their rights if they believe that they are marginalized and disreputable members of society, as in the case of their grievances against Uber. In other words, we argue that rights mobilization depends heavily on a sense of belonging.
A Comprehensive Overview of Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy Types, Recombinant and Natural Extract Allergens in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergies
Authors: Moghanloo Soheila Asoudeh , Forouzanfar Mohsen , Jafarinia Mojtaba , Fazlollahi Mohammad Reza , Kardar Gholam Ali
Published: October 2022

Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) involves administering allergen extracts. It is used to desensitize allergic patients. Herbal allergen extracts that are optimum in efficacy and fewest in side effects are still challenging to produce. To overcome these limitations, oral immunotherapy, epicutaneous immunotherapy, intralymphatic immunotherapy, and artificial recombinant allergen preparations have been evaluated. Recombinant allergens have become more popular with the development of molecular diagnostics and therapeutics. Besides food and drug allergens, pollen, fungal spores, and other allergens have been studied. Based on related clinical studies, this comprehensive overview will present the latest perspectives on AIT methods and available allergenic products, as well as discuss the challenges and opportunities for treating allergic disorders.
The Uncomplicated Course of COVID-19 in Primary Immunodeficiency Patients: A Report of 14 Common Variable Immunodeficiency Patients
Authors: Nabavi Mohammad , Mohammadi Faezeh , Arshi Saba , Bemanian Mohammad Hasan , Fallahpour Morteza , Atashrazm Fatemeh , Shokri Sima
Published: October 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects millions of people worldwide. Clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic to severe viral pneumonia. CVID patients with COVID-19 infection are not adequately studied. In some studies, CVID patients had higher mortality rates, although other studies showed that CVID patients might have an uncomplicated COVID-19 infection. We describe 14 cases of COVID-19 infection in Iranian CVID patients in this study, including clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, and treatment strategies. There were 29% of patients with mild disease, 43% with moderate disease, and 29% with severe disease in this study. A critical case and a death occurred in none of our patients. There were six cases of infection more than two weeks after receiving the second dose of Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine; all had mild to moderate disease. Among these patients, Remdesivir was the most frequently prescribed medication. According to this study, most of our patients presented with an uncomplicated disease course.
Chemical quality assessment of major brands of bottled mineral water available in the Ethiopian market
Authors: Mitku Moges , Endeshaw Lake
Published: October 2022

Assessing bottled mineral water with drinking water guidelines set by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Ethiopian Standard Agency (ESA) are highly relevant for practitioners, bottling companies, managers, regulators, and policymakers regarding water supply particularly bottled water. The present study was carried out to report the physicochemical quality of six branded bottled mineral water widely available in the Ethiopian market and compare them with drinking water standards. The investigated physicochemical parameters were pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), chloride ion (CL - ), nitrate ion (NO3 - ), potassium (K+ ), sodium (Na+ ), zinc (Zn+ ), iron (Fe3+), calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium ion (Mg2+) using standard analytical techniques. Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS) was used to determine the number of metal elements. The Ultra Violet-Visible Spectrophotometer (UV-VIS) analysis was used to determine the amount of NO- in the bottled mineral water. The TDS and CL-values were determined by using gravimetric and volumetric methods. The study results revealed that the values of the quality parameter concentrations measured experimentally were slightly varied from the labeled values on the bottle. However, all brands were within EAS and WHO limit values for drinking water. The calculated correlation coefficient between the bottled water and the soil sample, between some dissolved solids and the TDS concentration in bottled mineral water, and between TDS and the pH concentration in bottled mineral waters was 0.99, 0.77 and 0.94, respectively. The study also verified that all the studied bottled water brands are safe for human consumption.
Trace element composition of Gallus gallus domesticus eggs and health risks associated with their consumption in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Chibueze Izah Sylvester , Omozemoje Aigberua Ayobami , Chidozie Ogwu Matthew
Published: October 2022

Using a multivariate approach, this study investigated the trace element composition and concentration in Gallus gallus domesticus eggs. A total of 51 freshly laid Gallus gallus domesticus egg samples were randomly obtained and analyzed for trace elements using a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed that the levels of zinc, lead, nickel, cobalt, manganese, iron and copper were in the range of 2.16 ± 0.03 – 7.43 ± 0.98 mg/L, <0.001 ± 0.00 – 9.86 ± 1.01 mg/L, <0.001 ± 0.00 – 1.44 ± 0.30 mg/L, <0.001 ± 0.00 – 0.35 ± 0.01 mg/L, <0.001 ± 0.00 – 0.76 ± 0.04 mg/L, 2.93 ± 1.01 – 11.52 ± 1.54 mg/L and 0.03 ± 0.05 – 0.967 ± 0.06 mg/L, respectively. However, mercury, chromium, and cadmium were not detected in all the samples. This suggests the absence of toxicity risk due to these non-essential elements in the eggs, especially when they are consumed. Moreover, the target hazard quotient and total target hazard quotient of the eggs were less than 1, thereby suggesting no probable harm, as well as non-carcinogenic hazards respectively.
Translation and psychometric evaluation of the Persian version of the role model apperception tool (RoMAT) in undergraduate nursing students
Authors: Azadian Marzieh , Nasrabadi Tahereh , Ebadi Abbas , Mokhtari Nouri Jamileh
Published: October 2022

Role modeling is one of the most influential components of teaching professional behaviors to nursing students. The Role Model Apperception Tool (RoMAT) was designed in the Netherlands to measure role modeling behaviors in clinical educators. The aim of this study was assess the psychometrics of the Persian version of this tool.
In a methodological study, the Persian version of the RoMAT tool was developed using the forward-backward translation method. Face validity was confirmed through cognitive interviews, and content validity was done by a panel of 12 experts. Construct validity was assessed through exploratory factor analysis (n = 200), and confirmatory factor analysis (n = 142) was evaluated after the tool was completed online by undergraduate nursing students. Reliability was confirmed using internal consistency and test and retest methods. Furthermore, ceiling and floor effects were assessed.
The two components of "professional competencies" and "leadership competencies" emerged with a cumulative variance of 62.01%, a reliability with Cronbach's alpha of 0.93 and 0.83, and an intraclass correlation of 0.9 and 0.78, respectively.
It was concluded that the Persian version of the Role Model Apperception Tool is a valid and reliable tool and can be used to investigate the role modeling behaviors of clinical instructors of nursing students.
Factors affecting the recurrence of medical errors in hospitals and the preventive strategies: a scoping review
Authors: Aghighi Negar , Aryankhesal Aidin , Raeissi Pouran
Published: October 2022

Due to the high value of human life, the occurrence of even one error that leads to death or complications is of great consequence and requires serious attention. Although significant efforts have been made to ensure patient safety, serious medical errors continue to exist. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with the recurrence of medical errors and strategies to prevent them through a scoping review.
Data were gathered through a scoping review of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases during August 2020. Articles related to factors influencing the recurrence of errors despite the available information, as well as articles related to measures taken worldwide to prevent them, were included in study. Overall, 32 articles were selected out of the 3422 primary papers. Two main categories of factors were identified as influential in error recurrence: human factors (fatigue, stress, inadequate knowledge) and environmental and organizational factors (ineffective management, distractions, poor teamwork).
The six effective strategies for preventing error recurrence included the use of electronic systems, attention to human behaviors, proper workplace management, workplace culture, training, and teamwork.It was concluded that using a combination of methods related to health management, psychology, behavioral sciences and electronic systems can be effective in preventing the recurrence of errors.
Proposed Pharmacological Treatments for COVID-19: Previously Confirmed Drugs
Authors: Bahoosh Feyzabadi Fatemeh , Nikjoo Alireza , Lagzian Mohammad Reza , Babaei Hessamedin , Nasehi Melika
Published: October 2022

Background: The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, also called ‘coronavirus disease 2019’ (COVID-19), first appeared in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. COVID-19 is caused by an enveloped single-stranded RNA virus, which has affected more than 14 million people around the world and caused a high rate of mortality. It is notable that discovering new drugs and vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is time-consuming. Therefore, reviewing drugs, which have been previously designed for other purposes can be helpful and effective.
Objectives: Studying the effects of previously approved drugs is important; thus, in this article, we reviewed studies on proposed drugs against COVID-19.
Methods: The articles and information were collected from Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases. We did our research based on keywords, like “therapeutics”, “pharmacology”, “Coronavirus”, “COVID-19”, “SARS”, and “MERS-CoV”. We also applied some filters, such as title/abstract, and ignored factors that could lead to bias and selective selection.
Results: There is currently no cure for coronavirus, and most treatments have been effective to relieve symptoms. The treatment methods and drugs addressed in this article are chosen either from previous drugs against MERS and SARS, drugs that disrupt the life cycle of the coronavirus, or drugs that have been reviewed in retrospective studies and clinical trials.
Conclusion: Prevention and treatment of COVID-19 remain a challenge, in particular for coronavirus and the treatments based on boosting the immune system and preventing virus replication. Epidemiological studies have shown that COVID-19 and SARS-COV transmission are relatively similar. This can help to select the appropriate drug. Thus, anti-inflammatory and antiviral drugs, such as remdesivir are used. Antimalarial drugs, such as hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ) along with estrogen receptor inhibitors, such as toremifene citrate, which has shown effective results against SARS and MERS, can influence the treatment process. However, more clinical trials are needed to determine the efficacy and side effects of drugs.
Synthesis of Novel Bis-Coumarin Derivatives as Potential Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: An In Vitro, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics Simulations Study
Authors: Zare-Akbari Zhila , Edjali Ladan , Eshaghi Moosa
Published: October 2022

Background: Alzheimer disease is a progressive and irreversible disease that finally leads to death. It destroys cognitive skills and memory, and eventually, the patient cannot do the simplest things.
Objectives: Cholinesterases (ChEs) which has the capability to control cholinergic transmission would result in elevating acetylcholine levels in the brain, by inhibiting CHEs. Coumarins have been shown to exhibit the inhibitory effect of cholinesterase, where the aromatic component results in designing novel candidates that can inhibit Ab accumulation.
Methods: The condensation of aryl aldehydes and 4-hydroxycoumarin. Besides, we applied ZnO nanoparticles as an effective heterogeneous catalyst in [bmim]BF4 . To determine the inhibitory activity, we used a substrate, i.e., acetylthiocholine iodide, to assay the tested compounds. Moreover, we applied Ellman’s assay.
Results: The present research is an in vitro work. It explores the possible binding mode of these compounds inside the Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme. Moreover, regarding the synthesized coumarin derivatives, we also performed docking and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation studies. The results indicate a satisfactory inhibitory activity for the assayed compounds against AChE with IC50 values from 0.100 to 0.02 µM. In this sense, the stability of protein-ligand complexes and the interaction of the compounds can be understood by performing a molecular docking with molecular dynamics simulation of 5000 ps in the solvent system for AChE.
Conclusion: Finally, it is worth mentioning that we also tested coumarin derivatives (L14 and L15), leading to potent and effective AChE inhibitors.
Optimized Primary Culture and Subculture of Granulosa Cells
Authors: Fallah Nadia , Paktinat Maryam , Rasouli Milad , Nabiuni Mohammad , Amini Elaheh
Published: October 2022

Background: Primordial follicle includes an oocyte surrounded by a layer of somatic cells called Granulosa Cells (GCs). GCs, also known as nurse cells, are an important protective element for the growth and survival of oocytes. Oocytes, which lack some of the metabolic processes, require granulosa cells for their development.
Objectives: This manuscript was provided to explain the protocol of GCs primary culture extracted from NMRI mice ovaries.
Methods: For choosing the optimum protocol, we used two methods with different culture mediums to obtain more GCs and expedite the process. Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining and flow cytometry were used to analyze the type of extracted cells from ovaries. Besides, we evaluated the effect of crocin and DPP as two common natural products in Iran on the proliferation of these cells via MTT assay.
Results: Second protocol method and alpha-MEM culture medium were chosen based on the results. Our findings from HE staining and flow cytometry proved the percentage of cultured GCs in the flask. Further, MTT assessment demonstrated that crocin at high doses had a toxic effect on granulosa cells, whereas date palm pollen (DPP) stimulated them to proliferation.
Conclusion: Modifying this protocol is for the improvement of proliferation, coherence, and quality of GCs in primary culture and subculture. Regarding the effect of these two natural products on granulosa cells, we can mention the bilateral effect of crocin and DPP enhancement in proliferation.
Could Celastrol Be a Photosensitizer for Photodynamic Therapy to Combat SARS-CoV-2?
Authors: Law Siukan
Published: October 2022

The Article Abstract is not available.
A Narrative Review of SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis, Transmission, and Clinical Manifestations
Authors: Sharifan Amin
Published: October 2022

Background: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a major global concern. As of writing this manuscript, there are over 224 million cases diagnosed, and 4.5 million recorded deaths with the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Objectives: This article reviews the studies conducted on SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, transmission, and different clinical manifestations.
Methods: An extensive online search was conducted on PubMed and Google Scholar search engines. The following keywords and their combinations were used to complete this review: “SARS-CoV-2”, “COVID-19”, “virology”, “mechanism of action”, “transmission”, “clinical manifestations”, “laboratory findings”, and “comorbidities.”
Results: The SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein recognizes the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors, and through that, the virus can enter its host cell. The virus is mainly transmitted via respiratory and or airborne droplets. The severity of the COVID-19 clinical manifestations relies on the associated comorbidities and or old age, which ranges from littleto-no symptoms to severe and critical conditions. Fever, loss of appetite and or smell, fatigue, and dry cough are among the most reported symptoms. Underlying conditions may lead to severe or critical stages of COVID-19.
Conclusion: The SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and receptor-binding domain could be two potential targets for future vaccines and drugs. It appears that the virus is adapting to each region’s specific environment; therefore, new endemic variants are forming.
Protective Effects of N-Acetylcysteine on Dipentyl Phthalate Induced Cognitive Dysfunction and Brain Oxidative Stress in Mice
Authors: Gautam Sandhya Rani , Jain Seema , Rana Proteesh , Banerjee Basudev , Kumari Pramod
Published: October 2022

Background: Dipentyl phthalate (DPeP) is a plasticizer compound commonly used in polyvinylchloride plastic to enhance softness and flexibility. They are not bound covalently to plastic polymers; therefore, they can dissolve into the environment and adversely affect the health of humans and animals.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of DPeP on cognition and protective effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on DPeP induced alteration in cognitive behaviour and oxidative stress markers in mice.
Methods: Mice were orally treated with 2 doses (33 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg) of DPeP for 28 days. Cognitive functions were assessed using spatial navigation tasks on the Morris water maze and the step-down latency in the passive avoidance apparatus. Oxidative stress was assessed by examining the levels of malondialdehyde, glutathione, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine levels in the whole brain of mice.
Results: There was a significant increase in latency in spatial navigation tasks and a significant decline in the step-down latency in passive avoidance apparatus in the DPeP-treated group compared to the control groups. There was also a significant increase in the levels of oxidative stress following DPeP administration as seen with the rise in the levels of malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine, and a fall in glutathione and ferric reducing antioxidant power levels.
Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that DPeP adversely affects learning and memory functions in mice by oxidative stress-mediated neuronal damage. These effects were attenuated by pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine.
Volatile Constituents and Toxicity of Essential Oils Extracted From Aerial Parts of Plantago Lanceolata and Plantago Major Growing in Iran
Authors: Rahamouz Haghighi Samaneh , Yazdinezhad Alireza , Bagheri Khadijeh , Sharafi Ali
Published: October 2022

Background:Plantago lanceolata L. (P. lanceolate) and Plantago major L. (P. major) belong to the Plantaginaceae family and are widely used in traditional medicine.
Objectives: This study aims to qualitatively identify the crucial compounds and evaluate the toxicity effects of essential oils of two Plantago species.
Methods: The plantains were collected from Zanjan Province, Iran. The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation and then analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The toxicity effects of the essential oils were evaluated on HCT-116 and HEK-293 cell lines (in vitro MTT assay) and Artemia salina (A.salina) (in vivo assay). The constituents of the essential oils were identified by calculating their retention indices under temperature-programmed conditions for n-alkanes (C8 -C20) in the Agilent 19091S-433 column.
Results: The main identified constituents were metaraminol (14.04%), bifemelane (8.73%), metossamina (8.16%), and pterin-6-carboxylic acid (5.11%) in P. lanceolata and 2-dodecen-1-yl (-) succinic anhydride (15.29%), benzenemethanol, α-(1-aminoethyl)-2,5- dimethoxy-(11.83%), dl-phenylephrine (7.51%), and nortriptyline (5.15%) in P. major. The essential oils of P. major exhibited more antiproliferative properties on HCT-116 at 72 h compared to P. lanceolata (IC50: 102.66 µg/mL). At 400 µg/mL of P. lanceolata and P. major, the percentage of the lethality of nauplii was 8% and 12%, respectively (LC50:2242.57 µg/ mL and 1783.7 µg/mL). The present study showed that the most of constituents of oils were alcohols and amines.
Conclusion: Some of the compounds identified in the Plantago species essential oils have important pharmaceutical properties. This study reported the cytotoxicity of essential oils on the colon cancer cell line. However, the essential oils were not toxic against A.salina at the examined concentrations.
Educação e ideologia do neodesenvolvimentismo: heteronomia no campo educacional
Authors: Shiroma Eneida Oto , Zanardini Isaura Mônica Souza
Published: October 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir as concepções de desenvolvimento predominantes no Brasil em três momentos históricos: o desenvolvimentismo de meados do século XX, o neodesenvolvimentismo no início do século XXI e, mais recentemente, o Desenvolvimento Sustentável. Procura-se analisar suas articulações com as transformações nas demandas para a educação. A pesquisa bibliográfica e documental realizada fundamentou-se no materialismo histórico-dialético. Argumenta-se que o neodesenvolvimentismo e o desenvolvimento sustentável não constituem alternativas ao neoliberalismo, mas, ao contrário, são ideologias usadas para alívio da pobreza extrema enquanto alimentam o capitalismo rentista. As análises evidenciam as contribuições da teoria marxista da dependência para pensarmos criticamente a relação educação e desenvolvimento na contemporaneidade.
Vulnerability as a perceptual category – Martha Nussbaum’s capabilities approach from the perspective of political aesthetics
Authors: Lisowska Urszula
Published: October 2022

The aim of the paper is to draw politico-aesthetic consequences from Martha Nussbaum’s capabilities approach. It is argued that this can be achieved by focusing on the notion of vulnerability implied by the idea of capabilities. The recognition of the vulnerability of the human good inspires a new model of practical rationality based on perception. This idea, in turn, explores the aesthetic connotations of perception implied by its etymology (the ancient Greek for perception being aesthesis). Thus, political aesthetics is understood as the inquiry into the political consequences of the affinity between ethics and aesthetics, as well as the political relevance of the notion of beauty.
The fate of misguided souls: Kundakunda’s and Amrtachandra-Sūri’s pespective
Authors: Glinicka Małgorzata
Published: October 2022

The article is aimed at juxtaposition of two Jaina thinkers’ concepts related to the status of living beings mired with delusion, i.e. Kundakunda’s (2nd c. CE) and Amṛtachandra-sūri’s (10th c. CE) perspective according to Samaya-sāra of the former and Puruṣârtha-siddhy-upāya of the latter. According to the Jaina philosophy an individual soul (jīva) attains respective stages of spiritual development traversing the whole scope spread between mithyātva (“falsity”) and samyaktva (“perfection”) tiers. Each state is strictly connected with the level of immersion in saṃsāra. These levels of spiritual development are a result of deluding karmas (mohanīya karma). The factor joining a cycle of births and concrete living entity is a karmic matter of subtle conformation glueing itself and cohering to a being. The article is focused on presenting types of delusion and its causing factors on the basis of two temporarily distant but contentwise compatibile works.
Some remarks on laghu-tattva-sphota XXI.9-24
Authors: Glinicka Małgorzata
Published: October 2022

The article is aimed at analysis of 9–24 stanzas of XXI chapter of philosophical poem Laghu-tattva-sphoṭa, i.e. A Light Bursting of the Reality, authored by Amṛtachandra-sūri (10th c. A.D.), the Jain thinker. Chapter XXI is dedicated to the problem of universals and particulars, meaningful and influential subject of Indian, as well as Western philosophy.
Tradition as a communication system. A pragmatic approach
Authors: Grad Paweł
Published: October 2022

A context of my paper is the debate on reason, tradition and traditional communities, in which this moral and epistemological issues were discussed as a part of general socio-philosophical theory of modernity. In particular I intend to locate my considerations in the context of formal-pragmatic theory of modern communicative rationality developed by Jürgen Habermas and Robert Brandom. I will provide a competitive model of the rationality of tradition by applying a conceptual toolkit of pragmatically oriented analysis to explain practices connected with vocabulary of tradition. I argue that tradition as a communication system has a fully rational structure. My main claim is that communicative structure of tradition has a rational structure of language game. This structure includes defined principles of communication for members of closed tradition-grounded community and rule of inclusion for potential new members.

Firstly I consider closely internal principles of communication within the framework of tradition contrasting them shortly with normative-deontic rules of the postenlightenment idea of pragmatic communication discussed by Jürgen Habermas and Robert Brandom. After that I examine the rule of inclusion — the rule, which mediates between closed system of tradition-based community and his environment.
The relationship between ethics and literature in light of Levinas’s work
Authors: Walczak Maria
Published: October 2022

In my paper I intend to uncover the relationship between ethics and literature. The aforementioned issue is connected to ’ethical turn’ — new orientation in literary studies, which was introduced in the nineties of 20th century. In order to uncover its source of inspiration, I refer to Lévinas’s works, such as Reality and its Shadow, The poet’s vision, Totality and Infinity, Otherwise than Being. I advocate the view that not only Lévinas’s concept of language, but also his account of poetry and responsibility underlie ethical criticism. Therefore, they are regarded as crucial to understand this new approach to literary studies. To illustrate my thesis, I attempt to interpret literary works, i.e. Wordsworth’s and Coetzee’s in light of Lévinas’s concepts.
Mask and shame of ageing
Authors: Barański Jarosław
Published: October 2022

The concept of ageing as a mask refers to, according to M. Featherstone and M. Hepworth, the tension between the identity and experiencing one’s own, aging body. There is a growing disparity between the body and “ I" in the elderly, which results from the fact that they lose “ symbolic capital" and do not accept their own bodies with their mental and physical limitations. Old age exposes and becomes a symbolic nudity, a source of shame in the culture full of images of beautiful, young, physically fit and sexually attractive bodies.  We compensate shame and the loss of the symbolic vestment by rejuvenating our bodies and suppressing negative emotions.

Old age has become painful, because people live longer than ever before. To justify all treatments aimed at prolonging life, contemporary culture has taken for granted the idea of Hufelad from 1897: “ Long life has always been the main desire and goal of humanity" [1905, 6].  Now, when we embark on prolonging life, we face the problems of recognizing the sense of identity and its social expression in the process of extended ageing, the relationship between our identity and our aging body, which is still an existential project.
Some problems of Alasdair Macintyre’s ‘emotivism thesis’
Authors: Olszynka Szymon
Published: October 2022

In this article Alasdair MacIntyre’s thesis concerning emotivist use of moral utterances in contemporary liberal societies is analysed. One tries to show that it needs further clarification since at least three elements of MacIntyre’s argument seem to pose certain problems; these are: ‘discussion halt’ as the source of emotivism, comprehensive doctrines as premises of respective arguments in liberal debates and the problem of incommensurability. These three problematic elements are discussed and interrelations between them are adumbrated.
CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE: DOES IT MEDIATE CUSTOMER-CENTRIC ON ISLAMIC BANK VALUES?
Authors: Oktaviana Ulfi Kartika , Wicaksono Ahmad Tibrizi Soni
Published: October 2022

This study aims to determine the influence of Customer-centric Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) within the scope of Islamic Ethics on Company Values. In addition, this study also examines the role of customer satisfaction mediation and financial performance towards Customer-centric CSR with company values and tests the role of customer satisfaction mediation for Customer-centric CSR with financial performance. The sample used is Islamic Commercial Banks registered with BI with specified sample criteria. The data was processed using smartPLS, where the direct influence of Centric Customers in Islamic Ethics (CSR) on company values was significant. The Centric Customer variables in Islamic Ethics (CSR) influence financial performance. The other four hypotheses showed insignificant results. The results of the indirect influence test show that the variables of customer satisfaction and financial performance have not been able to mediate the relationship between Customer-centric in Islamic ethics and Company Values.
HAJJ FUND INVESTMENT DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY SHARIA INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Sulistyowati Sulistyowati
Published: October 2022

The management of hajj funds in Indonesia has grown rapidly through various strategies. This study will discuss the implementation of Hajj fund investment based on a review of sharia investment management. 65% of the total funds have been invested in the Islamic banking sector, and the remaining 35% is for the Indonesian Hajj fund Sukuk. In addition to these two sectors, BPKH is also increasing Investment in other instruments such as gold Investment, direct Investment, corporate Sukuk, and different types of Investment. This type of research is qualitative with a field approach (field research). The data sources of this study were obtained from primary and secondary data with data collection techniques through participatory observation, interviews, and documentation. This research's analytical method is descriptive analysis from the perspective of Islamic investment management. The results showed that the Investment of Hajj funds did not conflict with the religion of Islam. It must be free from GHARIM, namely gharar, usury, maysir, and other prohibitions on Islamic economic transactions. In addition, it can provide benefits in the form of returns that can increase the people's use, especially the improvement of facilities and infrastructure services for prospective Indonesian pilgrims.
DO PEER BANKS AFFECT ISLAMIC BANK FINANCIAL LEVERAGE DECISIONS?
Authors: Warninda Titi Dewi , Maryani Ay
Published: October 2022

This research aims to analyze the influence of peer banks on Islamic banks financial leverage decisions. The empirical model was tested using fixed-effect panel data regression with robust standard error and the data of Islamic banks in Indonesia for the years 2007-2020. The results of this study show that peer banks have a significant positive effect on Islamic bank financial leverage decisions, and it is robust during the global financial crisis. The positive impact of peer banks on Islamic bank financial leverage shows that the higher the financial leverage of the peer banks will make the Islamic bank raises its financial leverage. This research contributes to the literature and policymakers on the presence of peer banks effect, especially in Islamic bank financial leverage decisions. Islamic bank financial leverage decisions are not only affected by the circumstances of the Islamic bank itself but are also influenced by other Islamic banks' behavior.