bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ALMaQUEST. IV. The ALMA-MaNGA QUEnching and STar Formation (ALMaQUEST) Survey
Authors: Lin Lihwai , Ellison Sara L. , Pan Hsi-An , Thorp Mallory D. , Su Yung-Chau , Sánchez Sebastián F. , Belfiore Francesco , Bothwell M. S. , Bundy Kevin , Chen Yan-Mei , Concas Alice , Hsieh Bau-Ching , Hsieh Pei-Ying , Li Cheng , Maiolino Roberto , Masters Karen , Newman Jeffrey A. , Rowlands Kate , Shi Yong , Smethurst Rebecca , Stark David V. , Xiao Ting , Yu Po-Chieh
Published: November 2020

The ALMaQUEST (ALMA-MaNGA QUEnching and STar formation) survey is a program with spatially resolved 12CO(1−0) measurements obtained with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) for 46 galaxies selected from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) DR15 optical integral-field spectroscopic survey. The aim of the ALMaQUEST survey is to investigate the dependence of star formation activity on the cold molecular gas content at kiloparsec scales in nearby galaxies. The sample consists of galaxies spanning a wide range in specific star formation rate (sSFR), including starburst (SB), main-sequence (MS), and green valley (GV) galaxies. In this paper, we present the sample selection and characteristics of the ALMA observations and showcase some of the key results enabled by the combination of spatially matched stellar populations and gas measurements. Considering the global (aperture-matched) stellar mass, molecular gas mass, and star formation rate of the sample, we find that the sSFR depends on both the star formation efficiency (SFE) and the molecular gas fraction (

), although the correlation with the latter is slightly weaker. Furthermore, the dependence of sSFR on the molecular gas content (SFE or

) is stronger than that on either the atomic gas fraction or the molecular-to-atomic gas fraction, albeit with the small Hi sample size. On kiloparsec scales, the variations in both SFE and

within individual galaxies can be as large as 1–2 dex, thereby demonstrating that the availability of spatially resolved observations is essential to understand the details of both star formation and quenching processes.
The breakBRD Breakdown: Using IllustrisTNG to Track the Quenching of an Observationally Motivated Sample of Centrally Star-forming Galaxies
Authors: Kopenhafer Claire , Starkenburg Tjitske K. , Tonnesen Stephanie , Tuttle Sarah
Published: November 2020

The observed breakBRD (“break bulges in red disks”) galaxies are a nearby sample of face-on disk galaxies with particularly centrally concentrated star formation: they have red disks but recent star formation in their centers as measured by the D

n
4000 spectral index. In this paper, we search for breakBRD analogs in the IllustrisTNG simulation and describe their history and future. We find that a small fraction (∼4% at z = 0; ∼1% at z = 0.5) of galaxies fulfill the breakBRD criteria, in agreement with observations. In comparison with the mass-weighted parent IllustrisTNG sample, these galaxies tend to consist of a higher fraction of satellite and splashback galaxies. However, the central, non-splashback breakBRD galaxies show similar environments, black hole masses, and merger rates, indicating that there is not a single formation trigger for inner star formation and outer quenching. We determine that breakBRD analog galaxies as a whole are in the process of quenching. The breakBRD state, with its highly centrally concentrated star formation, is uncommon in the history of either currently quiescent or star-forming galaxies; however, approximately 10% of 1010 < M
*/M
⊙ < 1011 quiescent galaxies at z = 0 have experienced SFR concentrations comparable to those of the breakBRDs in their past. Additionally, the breakBRD state is short lived, lasting a few hundred Myr up to ∼2 Gyr. The observed breakBRD galaxies may therefore be a unique sample of outside-in quenching galaxies.
To name but a few: descriptions of five new species of Terebellides (Annelida, Trichobranchidae) from the North East Atlantic
Authors: Parapar Julio , Capa María , Nygren Arne , Moreira Juan
Published: November 2020

The number of described species of the genus Terebellides Sars, 1835 (Annelida, Trichobranchidae) has greatly increased in the last years, particularly in the North East Atlantic. In this context, this paper deals with several putative species recently delineated by molecular means within a well delimited clade of Terebellides. Species are characterised here by a combination of morphological characters, and a complementary nucleotide diagnostic approach. Three species were identified as the nominal species T. stroemii Sars, 1835, T. bigeniculatus Parapar, Moreira & Helgason, 2011 and T. europaeaLavesque et al., 2019. Five species are described as new: T. bakkenisp. nov., T. kongsrudisp. nov., T. norvegicasp. nov., T. ronningaesp. nov. and T. scoticasp. nov. The distinctive morphological characters refer to the branchial shape, absence or presence of papillae on lamellae of anterior margin of branchial dorsal lobes, absence or presence of ciliated papillae dorsal to thoracic notopodia, geniculate chaetae in one or two chaetigers, and the morphology of thoracic and abdominal uncini teeth. Furthermore, the description of T. bigeniculatus is revised and complemented after examination of type specimens. An updated identification key to all species of the genus in NE Atlantic and a proposal of a classification of different types of abdominal uncini to be used in taxonomy are also included.
La progesterona. Aspectos históricos. Estructura química. Esteroidogénesis Receptores. Síntesis y metabolismo
Authors:   IVI Madrid, Cruz Palomino María , Requena Miranda Antonio ,   IVI Madrid, Espinós Gómez Juan José ,   Fertty, Barcelona
Published: November 2020

Las primeras publicaciones sobre la progesterona (P) se remontan a principios del siglo XX, cuando Willard Allen la denominó «progestina». En 1934, Butenandt descubrió la estructura de lo que él llamó «luteosterona» y consiguió su síntesis química. Al final se consensuó el nombre de «progesterona» (una combinación de progestina y luteosterona) para la hormona progestacional. En 1939, Butenandt fue distinguido con el Premio Nobel por su descubrimiento de la P, compartido con Ruzicka, quien descubrió la testosterona. Como el resto de las hormonas esteroideas, presenta una estructura química relativamente similar, la molécula de ciclopentanoperhidrofenantreno, con pequeñas diferencias que conducen a importantes alteraciones en la actividad bioquímica. La serie con 21 carbonos incluye a los corticoides y a las progestinas, siendo la estructura básica el núcleo de pregnano. El receptor de progesterona es inducido por los estrógenos a nivel transcripcional y reducido por las progestinas tanto a nivel transcripcional como de traducción.
La preparación endometrial en ciclos de criotransferencia: ciclo natural frente a ciclo sustituido
Authors:   Instituto Bernabeu, Llácer Aparicio Joaquín
Published: November 2020

El crecimiento de los tratamientos con embriones congelados ha sido exponencial en los últimos años por lo que la elección de la correcta preparación endometrial es uno de los puntos críticos en los procesos de FIV. Dicha preparación puede realizarse mediante ciclo natural sin la administración de medicación alguna (con su variante «ciclo natural modificado») o con la administración secuencial de estrógenos y progestágenos «ciclo sustituido o artificial». Si bien no se han descrito diferencias entre ambas aproximaciones en términos de eficacia, cada uno presenta ventajas e inconvenientes, tanto para la paciente como para el equipo que la trata. El ciclo natural presentaría ventajas en cuanto a comodidad y coste mientras que el sustituido permitiría una mayor flexibilidad en la programación de la transferencia. En los próximos años la seguridad para la salud de la gestante y el RN será clave para dilucidar la superioridad de un protocolo u otro.
El espejo del olvido: La idea de América en las Memorias de Juan Bautista Tupac Amaru
Authors: Neira Hernán
Published: November 2020

El artículo estudia algunos aspectos básicos de las Memorias de Juan Bautista Túpac Amaru, medio hermano del célebre caudillo revolucionario andino. Con una perspectiva innovadora, se analiza el texto citado, que recoge la detención, el proceso, la larga prisión del autor y su posterior regreso a Buenos Aires. Las Memorias constituyen un testimonio básico para el debate sobre la identidad indígena de América.
Francisco Caballero Sarmiento, un empresario al servicio de la contrarrevolución en Venezuela, 1806-1819
Authors: Hernández González Manuel
Published: November 2020

Este artículo estudia las actividades en Venezuela del comerciante portugués Francisco Caballero Sarmiento, ligado por razones familiares y económicas a un importante sector de la burguesía comercial norteamericana. El régimen cuasimonopolístico de sus actividades comerciales en la Venezuela anterior a la guerra de la independencia, su financiación de la derrota de la invasión de Miranda de 1806 y su apoyo decidido a la contrarrevolución en la guerra son aspectos estudiados en el mismo.
Relaciones interétnicas en el Caribe indígena. Una reconstrucción a partir de los primeros testimonios europeos
Authors: Amodio Emanuele
Published: November 2020

No disponible.
Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda: en torno a una idea de civilización
Authors: Castilla Urbano Francisco
Published: November 2020

Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda no defendió la esclavitud de los indios del Nuevo Mundo, sino el establecimiento temporal de un gobierno hispano sobre ellos. Este debería tener como finalidad equiparar sus costumbres a las de las sociedades europeas y lograr su conversión al cristianismo. Tal propuesta no tenia como fundamento un perjuicio sobre la naturaleza del indio, sino una teoría distinta de la civilización.
La participación de españoles en el ejército libertador en Cuba, 1895-1898
Authors: Domingo Acebrón M.ª Dolores
Published: November 2020

En este trabajo se analiza cual fue la participación de los españoles en el Ejército Libertador cubano, durante la guerra de 1895 a 1898. Quedando de relieve no sólo lo que supuso numéricamente para las filas mambisas, sino también lo que significaba moralmente. No hay que olvidar que la guerra era contra el colonialismo español.
¿Qué hacer con el indio? Un análisis de las obras de Franz Tamayo y Alcides Arguedas
Authors: Irurozqui Marta
Published: November 2020

Se analizan las soluciones que proponen las obras de Alcides Arguedas, Pueblo Enfermo y Raza de Bronce, y de Franz Tamayo, Creación de la Pedagogía Nacional al problema indígena y a la relación que existe entre el indio y el mestizo respecto a la cuestión electoral. Ambos aspectos conllevan al mismo tiempo una discusión sobre la conversión de Bolivia en un Estado-nación moderno cuyo trasfondo es, en realidad, encubrir una competencia en el interior de la élite por controlar el poder político a principios del siglo XX.
Aportaciones de la historiografía portuguesa a la problemática fronteriza luso-española en América meridional (1750-1778)
Authors: Moyano Bazzani Eduardo L.
Published: November 2020

Se analizan en este artículo las relaciones hispano-portuguesas en torno al problema fronterizo en territorios de América del Sur durante el siglo XVIII, presentando las iniciativas diplomáticas bilaterales que desembocaron en los Tratados de Madrid, El Pardo y San Ildefonso, sus disposiciones más destacadas y su significación en la política internacional del momento. Asimismo, se ofrece una selección y crítica de las principales obras de la historiografía portuguesa sobre el tema y una visión general sobre las distintas líneas de trabajo emprendidas y su orientación valorativa.
Inmigración de agricultores españoles a la República Dominicana en el período Franco-Trujillo (1939-1961)
Authors: Pou Francis
Published: November 2020

Se detallan las singularidades de la emigración agrícola española en dos momentos de la gobernación de Rafael L. Trujillo: 1934-41, unos 2.000 republicanos; 4.131 en 1955, distribuyéndose éstos en varias colonias agrícolas (Baoba del Piñal, Huanito, Constanza). Siguiendo documentación del Archivo del Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores (Madrid) se describen las dificultades -desde ambientales a jurídicas-, así como los logros (tecnológicos y humanos) obtenidos hasta, inclusive, el tiempo presente.
Alejandro de Humboldt y Felipe Bauzá: una colaboración científica internacional en el primer tercio del siglo XIX
Authors: Bauzá Carlos A.
Published: November 2020

El estudio de la correspondencia mantenida entre Alejandro de Humboldt y Felipe de Bauzá, 1804-1827, permite ahondar en el análisis de la geografía, en el estado metodológico y tecnológico de esta ciencia y, por último, en los debates y contradicciones de los conocimientos geográficos en Europa a comienzos del siglo XIX.
Testimonio: El «americanismo» de los años 40 en España
Authors: Alcina Franch José
Published: November 2020

Entre las lagunas historiográficas del Americanismo español, sin duda, el mundo indígena es uno de los campos que han sido menos estudiados. Ello obedeció a la concepción que del Mundo americano, del continente que fue conquistado y colonizado, tenían los americanistas españoles y, que en cierta· medida, se ha reflejado en la manera de pensar de los americanistas actuales. Con ello queremos decir que el territorio americano no era un lugar despoblado y desierto, sus pueblos, los indígenas han sido olvidados por la tradición america­nista española, que más que «anti-indigenista», carece de una perspectiva histórica que tenga en cuenta a los pobladores del Nuevo Mundo.
Desterrar el vicio y serenar las conciencias: mendicidad y pobreza en la Caracas del siglo XVIII
Authors: Langue Fréderique
Published: November 2020

A pesar de una excepcional prosperidad económica y de un contexto político­administrativo sumamente favorable (creación de la intendencia, de la Audiencia) van cundiendo en la Caracas de fines del siglo XVII temores inusitados. Entre ellos, el miedo a la pobreza y a la ociosidad cuya manifestación más clara es el proyecto de edificación de un establecimiento de asistencia a los pobres, la Casa de Misericordia. Partiendo de unas fuentes originales, especialmente de los actos llevados por el cabildo caraqueño, este trabajo intenta determinar las circunstancias de esta fundación, parte integrante de un dispositivo nuevo de control social y de ordenación urbanística, y el significado que adquiere para los distintos protagonistas (Estado, iglesia, élites locales y «los de abajo»), teniendo en cuenta el hito que representa en América para la evolución de las mentalidades.
El murciano Juan López procurador general de Tunja y líder de la revuelta neogranadina contra las Leyes Nuevas
Authors: Vilar Juan Bta.
Published: November 2020

El murciano Juan López, colaborador de García de Lerma en sus campañas en la región de Santa Marta, y luego compañero de Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada en la memorable entrada en 1536 por el río Magdalena y consiguiente exploración, conquista y poblamiento del altiplano bogotano, es merecedor de una atención que hasta ahora no ha tenido, atraído el historiador por las figuras señeras de Quesada y de los conquistadores de primera magnitud. Estas páginas representan una primera contribución para rescatar de las sombras del olvido a López, natural de la villa santiaguista de Moratalla, emigrado a Indias por los años de 1528, cofundador de Santa Fe y Tunja, procurador general de esta última ciudad excelente gestor, encomendero en Sachica y líder de la insurrección del Nuevo Reino en favor de una redistribución de tierras y encomiendas a ellos propicia y luego contra las Leyes Nuevas protectoras de los indios, enlazando este movimiento con el levantamiento pizarrista en el Perú, de signo secesionista, López ilumina con su ejecutoria personal aspectos insuficientemente conocidos de la conquista y fundación del Nuevo Reino de Granada y, al propio tiempo, encarna muy bien al conquistador español del siglo XVI, con sus cualidades y defectos.
The Armada de Barlovento, fleet despatch and transport of Mercury to Mexico, 1637-1738
Authors: Lang M. F.
Published: November 2020

Estudio que enfatiza el papel de «la flotilla de Nueva España» (fundada en 1637) en su papel de protección de las costas y escolta a los mercantes. Se insiste en su participación en la exportación del mercurio europeo -básico para la obtención de la plata mexicana-, destacando el comercio de este metal desde 1640 a 1735: basado en los documentos que cuantifican las remesas de azogues y en los despachos de flotas: que se hallan en el Archivo General de Indias.
El Barroco y las ofrendas humanas en Nueva España
Authors: Malvido Elsa
Published: November 2020

En Nueva España las reliquias en el primer siglo de la Conquista, fueron traidas de Santos Europeos, pero siempre escaseaban, sin embargo las Órdenes Religiosas impusieron un ritual que se fué generalizando. Durante el período conocido como Barroco Mexicano este ritual cobró formas extremas, similares a las de la Europa Medieval. En conjunto lo que queda claro es que la humanidad es una y que frente a la muerte abstracta o concreta, actúa en formas similares, unas permitidas y otras perseguidas, según el grupo dominante, lugar y momento histórico.
El Dorado ilustrado: Las expediciones españolas al Parime (Guayana) 1770-1777
Authors: Amodio Emanuele
Published: November 2020

Se estudian las penetraciones europeas en el interior de la Guayana venezolana, entre los ríos Uraricuera y Branco, próxima al lago Parime -una región dónde solía situarse al mítico Dorado-. Asimismo se destaca la geoestrategia española de la Ilustración, siguiéndose con por menor las actuaciones del gobernador de Guayana (Manuel Centurión) dentro de aquella política: expediciones para expulsar a portugueses y la fundación de varios pueblos en la zona, con el fin de consolidar la frontera.
Revision of the Calotheca nigrotessellata species group from southern Africa, with description of two new species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini)
Authors: D'Alessandro Paola , Iannella Mattia , Grobbelaar Elizabeth , Biondi Maurizio
Published: November 2020

Calotheca Heyden is a mostly sub-Saharan flea beetle genus, comprising twenty-seven species previously included in Blepharida Chevrolat. The examination of new material is revealing a high species richness, as there is high intraspecific variability. Calotheca luteomaculata sp. nov. from Zimbabwe and the Republic of South Africa, and C. luteotessellata sp. nov. from the Republic of South Africa are here described and attributed to the C. nigrotessellata (Baly) species group, mainly based on genitalic characters. Photographs of the main diagnostic characters are supplied, including the median lobe of the aedeagus and spermatheca. A forward stepwise discriminant function analysis, using morphometric variables, has been performed. It supports the attribution of the examined specimens to the three species here considered, thus adding characters useful for their identification. Information on geographical distribution and host plants are also provided.
Non-native insect pests from the Madeira Archipelago (Portugal): new records and further data (Insecta: Orthoptera; Thysanoptera; Hemiptera; Coleoptera; Diptera; Lepidoptera; Hymenoptera)
Authors: Bella Salvatore , Aguiar Antonio Franquinho
Published: November 2020

In this study, the results of recent surveys on non-native insect pests from the Madeira Archipelago are reported. Overall, 13 non-native species were recorded: Tessellana tessellata (Charpentier) (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae), Gynaikothrips ficorum (Marchal) (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae), Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann (Hemiptera, Coreidae), Macrohomotoma gladiata Kuwayama (Hemiptera, Homotomidae), Platycorypha nigrivirga Burckhardt and Cacopsylla fulguralis (Kuwayama) (Hemiptera, Psyllidae), Greenidea ficicola Takahashi (Hemiptera, Aphididae), Aloephagus myersi Essig (Hemiptera, Pemphigidae), Protopulvinaria pyriformis (Cockerell) (Hemiptera, Coccidae), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera, Dryophthoridae), Phytoliriomyza jacarandae Steyskal & Spencer (Diptera, Agromyzidae), Lantanophaga pusillidactylus (Walker) (Lepidoptera, Pterophoridae), and Josephiella microcarpae Beardsley & Rasplus (Hymenoptera, Agaonidae). Particularly, T. tessellata, L. occidentalis, M. gladiata, P. jacarandae, and J. microcarpae are reported for the first time from the island of Madeira. L. occidentalis is also reported for the first time from the island of Porto Santo. For P. jacarandae this is the first record from Macaronesia, while for M. gladiata this is the first record also for Portugal. Most of these species are associated with allochthonous plants. Details on current distributions, host plants, biological remarks, and natural enemies are given for each species.
Challenges for understanding lacewings: how to deal with the incomplete data from extant and fossil larvae of Nevrorthidae? (Neuroptera)
Authors: Haug Joachin T. , Baranov Viktor , Schädel Mario , Müller Patrick , Gröhn Carsten , Haug Carolin
Published: November 2020

Within Neuroptera, the group of lacewings, the ingroup Nevrorthidae is special in several aspects: 1) the group may represent the sister group to all other neuropterans; 2) the group is quite species-poor with only 19 extant species known so far; 3) its representatives show a disjunct relict distribution; 4) it has very unusual appearing larvae. These larvae are very elongate, almost worm-shaped. Our overall knowledge of these larval forms is still very limited. We here review all known occurrences of extant larvae, amended by fossil larvae, all preserved in amber. So far there have been only 17 extant larval specimens of Nevrorthidae depicted in the literature. We also present new fossil larvae, with this reaching a total number of 16 known fossil larvae of Nevrorthidae. When plotting measured lengths, larvae cluster into more than three clusters. Also reconstructed size gains between these clusters indicate that Nevrorthidae might in fact develop through more than three larval stages, unlike other lacewings. A special subdivision of the trunk segments observed in many larvae indicates a specialisation for moving in confined spaces. Comparison of syn-inclusions and literature data make it likely that not all larvae lived in running waters, as previously assumed. Overall our knowledge remains rather limited, yet the data allow to draw some new conclusions about the life and evolution of these larval forms.
Sport Specialization and Low Bone Mineral Density in Female High School Distance Runners
Authors: Rauh Mitchell J. , Tenforde Adam S. , Barrack Michelle T. , Rosenthal Michael D. , Nichols Jeanne F.
Published: November 2020

Context

Sport specialization may contribute to sport injury and menstrual dysfunction in female high school distance runners. Despite the recent growth in sport specialization, including among high school–aged runners, the association of sport specialization with bone mineral density (BMD) remains poorly described.

Objective

To evaluate whether sport specialization was associated with BMD in female high school distance runners.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Six high schools.

Patients or Other Participants

Sixty-four female runners (age = 15.6 ± 1.4 years) who competed in cross-country or track distance events and were not currently on birth control medication.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Each runner completed a survey on menstrual history and sport participation. Height and weight were measured, and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to measure whole-body, spine, and hip BMD. Each runner was assigned a sport specialization status: low (participation in ≥1 nonrunning sport and distance-running sport(s) for ≤8 mo/y); moderate (participation in both distance-running sport(s) ≥9 mo/y and ≥1 nonrunning sport(s) or limited to distance-running sport(s) for ≤8 mo/y); or high (participation only in distance-running sport(s) for ≥9 mo/y). Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine the adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval for sport specialization to BMD values, adjusting for body mass index and gynecological age.

Results

Overall, 21.9%, 37.5%, and 40.6% of participants were high, moderate, or low sport specializers, respectively. Low BMD (spine or whole-body BMD z score < −1.0 [standardized by age and sex normative values]) was present in 23 (35.9%) runners. Compared with low sport specializers, high sport specializers were 5 times more likely (adjusted odds ratio = 5.42, 95% confidence interval = 1.3, 23.3; P = .02) to have low BMD.

Conclusions

A high level of sport specialization in high school female distance runners may be associated with a heightened risk for low BMD. Further investigation of this association is warranted due to the health concerns about low BMD in adolescent female runners.
A unified enumeration of 1-dimension garden algebras and valise Adinkras
Authors: Zhang Yan X
Published: November 2020

In the study of supersymmetry in one dimension, various works enumerate sets of generators of garden algebras GR(

d,N

) (and equivalently,
valise Adinkras
) for special cases

N=d=4

and

N=d=8

, using group-theoretic methods and computer computation. We complement this work by enumerating the objects for arbitrary

N

and

d

via a formula in a streamlined manner.
Non virtually solvable subgroups of mapping class groups have non virtually solvable representations
Authors: Hadari Asaf
Published: November 2020

Let

\Sigma

be a compact orientable surface of finite type with at least one boundary component. Let

\Gamma \leq \mathrm{Mod}(\Sigma)

be a non virtually solvable subgroup. We answer a question of Lubotzky by showing that there exists a finite dimensional homological representation

\rho

of

\mathrm{Mod}(\Sigma)

such that

\rho(\Gamma)

is not virtually solvable. We then apply results of Lubotzky and Meiri to show that for any random walk on such a group the probability of landing on a power, or on an element with topological entropy 0 both decrease exponentially in the length of the walk.
A Comparative Discussion of the Notion of 'Validity' in Qualitative and Quantitative Research
Authors: Winter Glyn
Published: November 2020

The issues surrounding the use and nature of the term 'validity' in qualitative research are controversial and many. In this paper, the author attempts to establish that 'validity' is not a single, fixed or universal concept, but rather a contingent construct, inescapably grounded in the processes and intentions of particular research methodologies and projects. The first section of this work deals with the problems faced in defining 'validity' in both quantitative and qualitative research methods and will briefly review other authors' attempts to categorise it. The work will then proceed to distinguish and compare the claims to 'validity' made by quantitative and qualitative researchers, highlighting similarities and differences as they emerge. Finally, an attempt will be made to establish that an understanding of nature of 'truth' is central to any theorisation of 'validity.' It will become clear that it is the affiliations of methodologies, concerning truth, that generate varying notions of 'validity.'
Preparing Teachers for Urban Settings: Changing Teacher Education by Changing Ourselves
Authors: Willard-Holt Colleen
Published: November 2020

This article describes the personal and professional changes experienced by a teacher education faculty who embarked on a joint project relating to urban education. The faculty members committed to write book chapters applying their areas of expertise to the challenge of preparing teachers for urban schools. Using qualitative methodology, this research examined the faculty members' discoveries, thoughts, doubts, and reflections at three points during the project. Results showed an evolving perspective on urban education focusing upon understanding the lived experiences of the children in order to provide meaningful education for them. This study may provide insight and encouragement for other teacher education faculties who undertake projects which "push the envelope" of their comfort levels.
HELICOPTER FRACTIONAL ORDER PID CONTROLLER BASED THE TECHNIQUE OF BACTERIAL FORAGING
Authors:   Northern Technical University,Faculty of Technical Engineering, Department of Medical Instrumentation EngineeringUniversity Street, Mosul, Iraq, A. Sultan Ghassan
Published: November 2020

The theory of algorithm for improving bacterial feed is considered one of the important theories in advanced research and has been widely accepted for a global improvement algorithm to solve problems of control in improvement research in non-linear systems, which have become among the interests of researchers in this field .In our work, a new method for design of a bacteria foraging algorithm principle based on Proportional-integral-derivative controller (PID) for three degree of freedom (3DoF) helicopter system. This paper presents a method to stabilize pitch, roll and travel angle of the helicopter system using optimization technique based on bacterial foraging (BF) algorithm is used to tune the fractional order PID controller parameters by reducing the objective performance parameters. Transient and constant case responses are found to be appropriate. The result reveals that BF provides a good synthesis algorithm. In addition, BF-FOPID works better than BF-PID controller for the 3DoF helicopter model.
The Healthy and Hygienic Behavior: Analytical from Social Construction Perspective
Authors: Herlina Muria
Published: November 2020

This research aimed to find out the healthy and hygienic behavior at the Lebong County Bengkulu Province regarding on external and internal environment, objective judgment, baby delivery, breastfeeding, toilet, and the domestic non-smoking prohibition. The qualitative approach was used with subjects of the research were 16 housewives, with purposive sampling method applied, and 15 key informants who hold either formal or non-formal authority in the society. The data were obtained through in-depth interviews, observations and documentations. The results showed that the social reality in terms of baby delivery stemmed both from primary socialization (family: grandmother, mother and mother in law) and secondary socialization (internalization or education) that had become a tradition from one generation to the next generation. Another interesting fact is that a great number of mothers do not breastfeed their baby. Instead, they started to give supplements food to their 3-and-4- month old babies, such as water and honey, water and sugar, or rice porridge with coconut sugar. The community also seemed to be unfamiliar with the concept of healthy toilet as they fulfill the call of Mother Nature in random places, such as in the river, behind the trees, or in the sewer. Furthermore, it is not an easy task to have a non-smoking prohibition in every single family since smoking has become an externalized habit and a symbol of masculinity. The researcher concluded that the healthy and hygienic behavior was heavily influenced by a stock of knowledge derived either from the primary source (family) or from the secondary source (significant influence from key figures or education). Other factors that also had a great influence upon the implementation of the healthy and hygienic behavior in the society were poverty, distance and location, healthy facilities, and communal habits.
Equal Health Opportunity for Unskilled Migrant Workers within Limited National Healthcare Scheme in Thailand's Context
Authors: Poonpoksin Wanwadee
Published: November 2020

Health is an important indicator of the population in every country, including migrant workers in destination countries, according to the provisions of international laws that govern health services without regard to the legal status of migrants. This article reviewed information from academic papers, research, and interviews with relevant personnel. The objective of this article is to point out information on health systems for migrants from the perspectives of both outsiders and insiders, which include research and data from interviews with the relevant health personnel in Thailand. The study indicated that academic papers published by foreigners see the Thai healthcare system as having a variety of problems in the exploitation of migrant workers, while Thai health personnel provides services without discrimination in all groups. In reality, Thai laws and national healthcare scheme require certain specific limited conditions for migrant workers for reasons of security, disease prevention, and control, including Thailand’s struggle to deal with an influx of both legal and illegal workers into the country. Therefore, it is not easy to manage the healthcare scheme in order to increase coverage and equality for migrants and Thais alike. This study attempts to understand the development direction of the Thai health system as it moves into the future to provide coverage for all involved parties based on social capital and feasibility of action under the health policies of the developing country destination of Thailand.
Paradigm Changes of Pesantren: Community Based Islamic Scholar Perception About Post-Modernism Pesantren Based on Android
Authors: Aswirna Prima , Fahmi Reza , Sabri Ahmad , Yusna Darni
Published: November 2020

Pesantren is the forerunner of education based in Indonesia. This study uses a quantitative approach. Population in this research is Padang city society (especially in District of Padang Utara). The study sample was 128 people and 30 community leaders (Alim-Ulama) people. The sample selection was done by simple random (simple random sampling). Data collection techniques using questionnaires. Data analysis technique using SPSS program version 24. Statistical analysis technique used is Pearson correlation. The results of the study found: there is no correlation between public opinion and religious figures about the development of pesantren based on android postmodernism. Recommendations: There needs to be a more in-depth study of the development of Android-based pesantren at the empirical level; curriculum, learning system, learning strategy and assessment mechanism and so on.
The Effect of Dhikrullah on Brain Health According to Neuroscience
Authors: Iskandar Iskandar , Dirhamsyah M.
Published: November 2020

Dhikrullah according to verse 2 of chapter al-Anfal and verse 28 of chapter ar-Rad in the Koran has a vibrational effect on the calmness of the heart. Dhikrullah has been practiced by Muslims for more than a thousand years, but the explanation of the implications of the dhikrullah's vibration on human health from the neuroscience approach has yet to be completed. This study is an academic response to get scientific answers about the influence of dhikrullah on the health of the human brain. The attention of Islamic scholars to dhikrullah phenomena from the scientific approach is still far from hope, so the explanation of the effects of the dhikrullah's vibration on human mental health has not been completed. In this study, the authors used combined data, qualitative data from 4 respondents to find the model of dhikrullah and quantitative data from 10 subjects to obtain samples of brain waves through Electro Encephalo Graf (EEG) to see the effects of the dhikrullah on human brain waves. The results of the study show that the brain tends to adjust its frequency with the frequency of the sound stimulus it receives through the ear. Dhikrullah's vibration influences beta waves and alpha waves on the subject's brain waves while running the dhikrullah. According to EEG, dhikrullah is proven to be able to present alpha waves as a stimulus to neurotransmitters in the human brain to produce endorphins. Therefore, the authors conclude that this study is a new approach to see the process of the significance of the dhikrullah's vibration on human health. The United Nations, especially WHO, can use dhikrullah vibration as an approach to help human beings who need a solution from a spiritual approach permanently.
ANÁLISE DOS MODOS E EFEITOS DE FALHAS NA INSTALAÇÃO DE ENERGIA SOLAR EM TELHADOS RESIDENCIAIS DE IMPERATRIZ/MA: UMA ABORDAGEM DA FERRAMENTA FMEA
Authors: Silva Cayllon Victor Nascimento , Cavaignac André Luís de Oliveira , Uchoa Jhelison Gabriel Lima
Published: November 2020

ferramenta FMEA na instalação de energia solar em telhados residenciais de Imperatriz/MA, através de um estudo de caso. Considerando os registros fotográficos realizados, foram identificadas inconformidades com as Normas Regulamentadoras 35, 6, 10 e 18 e também falhas no processo de instalação. Foram definidos três processos para a aplicação da ferramenta FMEA. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que o maior índice de risco envolve um EPI essencial, o capacete, não utilizado por nenhum dos trabalhadores do estudo, que caindo de uma altura significativa pode resultar em óbito. Além dos impactos, o capacete protege inclusive contra choques elétricos. Ficou também constatada a possibilidade de queda de escada e queda do telhado, bem comoa ausência total de dispositivos de segurança contra queda. Deste modo, como considerações finais, é proposto um plano de ações corretivas para as falhas dos processos de instalação de energia solar analisados, com a finalidade de assegurar e certificar a segurança dos trabalhadores diretamente envolvidos nesta área
Group singing enhances positive affect in people with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Baird Amee
Published: November 2020

There is increasing evidence of the benefits of music, in particular singing, for people with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Current research has primarily focused on vocal or motor symptoms. Our aim was to examine the immediate emotional effects of group singing in people with PD, and whether the type of music sung (familiar vs. unfamiliar songs) moderates these effects. We also explored whether differences in music reward modulate the emotional effects of group singing in people with PD.  11 participants with PD completed the Positive And Negative Affect Schedule in three conditions: immediately after group singing (1) familiar songs, (2) unfamiliar songs, and (3) no singing, in addition to the Barcelona Music Reward Questionnaire. There was no significant difference in positive affect scores between the two singing conditions (familiar/unfamiliar songs). Positive affect scores were higher in the singing (collapsed across familiar and unfamiliar songs) than no singing condition. There was a positive but not statistically significant relationship between music reward and positive affect scores after singing. This is the first study to show enhanced positive affect in people with PD immediately after group singing. This has clinical implications for the use of singing as a therapeutic intervention in people with PD.
Environmental Music in a Hospital Setting: Considerations of Music Therapists and Performing Musicians
Authors: Zhang Jing Wen , Doherty Mary A , Mahoney John Francis
Published: November 2020

Abstract Background: This qualitative study explores the considerations of music therapists and musicians who provide environmental music therapy (EMT) and environmental music (EM) in hospital settings. EMT is an approach within the field of music therapy, utilized by trained, certified professionals who apply live music to address the physical, psychological, and cultural needs of patients, caregivers, and staff in the hospital environment. EM is defined as live music performed by musicians in public areas of hospitals typically on a volunteer basis. Both models might appear to be similar in actual presentation. However, the underlying differences warrant discussion.Objective: This study explores the similarities and differences between musicians and music therapists’ experiences of playing music within the sound environment of hospitals, and the unique considerations and impact their music conditions may have upon patients, and caregivers.Method: Interviews were conducted with 6 musicians providing EM and 5 music therapists providing EMT. Data were analyzed using a modified grounded theory approach.Results: Results suggest that music therapists and musicians consider their contributions to be beneficial to the hospital environment and to the emotional states of individuals, as well. Findings indicate that music therapists’ considerations are more goal-directed. Of the 11 participants- 5 were music therapists from urban hospital settings and 6 were performing musicians who were involved with community music programs. All of the interviewees expressed unique understanding of music’s value in medical settings, which can often be associated with anxiety and stress. Discussion includes considerations for collaborations between music therapists and musicians in the hospital setting inclusive of administrative understanding of the essential differences between music therapists and musicians. Keywords: music and medicine, music and health, environmental music,                     Environmental music therapy, community music, attunement,                       deep listening.                                                                                                                  multilingual abstract | mmd.iammonline.com
Clinical observations of live improvisational harp music in neonatal intensive care
Authors: McLeod Roxanne , Spence Kaye
Published: November 2020

The use of Music Therapy (MT) in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) has received growing attention through an increasing body of research.  MT research in NICUs have shown benefits in the use of both recorded and live music, a recent study has indicated that live music produces more beneficial outcomes in some domains, and is often perceived as more beneficial by parents. As part of the developmental program in a NICU, music therapy by a Registered Music Therapist was implemented for long-stay infants and their families. The live music therapy sessions using a Reverie Harp were simultaneously observed by a health professional who was a certified NIDCAP Professional. A series of infants were observed with music played to their individual responses. The behavioral observations and the responses to the music were consistent with supportive regulation by the infants. Music therapy specifically targeted at longer stay infants was shown to be calming and enabled the infants to regulate their behavior. A planned music therapy program for neonates and their parents in collaboration with an experienced nurse enables the identification of infants and their families who may benefit from the program.  Key Words NICU, music therapy, live music, NIDCAP, Neonate
Does regular listening to preferred music have a beneficial effect on symptoms of depression and anxiety amongst older people in residential care? The qualitative findings of a mixed methods study.
Authors: Costa Fiona , Ockelford Adam , Hargreaves David J
Published: November 2020

This article presents the qualitative findings of a mixed-methods evaluation of the effects of listening to preferred music on depression and anxiety in older people in residential care. One hundred and seventeen participants were recruited from nine care homes, all but one in Greater London. The homes varied in size and management style, and participants came from a range of socio-economic backgrounds. In addition to their usual routine, each participant listened to a daily 30-minute programme of their preferred music for three weeks. Both quantitative and qualitative data relating to anxiety and depression were collected during once-weekly semi-structured interviews. Findings from the qualitative data showed that listening to preferred music resulted in relaxation, positive reminiscence, less depression and less boredom. Physical reactions, such as ‘chills’ or tears, demonstrated emotional arousal; others, such as foot-tapping were beneficial to the most disabled participants. The use of preferred and favourite music was the principal facilitator of its effectiveness, whilst declines in memory, confidence and energy were barriers to the research procedure. It was concluded that listening to preferred music can bring some relief to depression and anxiety amongst older care home residents but that not all will benefit to the same degree.
Relaxation Effects of Musically Guided Resonance Breathing: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
Authors: Fuchs Dominik , Hillecke Thomas K , Warth Marco
Published: November 2020

Recent evidence shows that both music therapy and resonance breathing (breathing at about 0.1 Hz) may be effective in treating stress-related symptoms and promoting relaxation. However, no study has yet explored the potential of integrating the working mechanisms into a combined approach using live played music to guide respiration. Therefore, the objective of the present pilot study was to evaluate the psychophysiological effects of a combined intervention. A total of 60 healthy adults were randomized to either the experimental group or the control group (where participants listened to prerecorded relaxation music). Heart rate and heart rate variability were extracted for the following 5-minute segments: Resting baseline, stress task, intervention, resting post-intervention. Additionally, self-evaluation scores for relaxation and general well-being were assessed with visual analogue scales. Significant time × group interaction effects were found for general well-being (p = .028) and heart rate variability as measured by RMSSD (p < .001), indicative of increased parasympathetic outflow in the experimental group. In conclusion, the combination of music therapy and resonance breathing seems to be a well-received and effective way to induce relaxation and well-being in healthy adults.
Efficacy of Pain Management: Integration versus Distraction
Authors: Loewy Joanne V.
Published: November 2020

The following is a position paper substantiating the recommendation for an integrative approach to evaluate, treat and manage the predictable and/or unpredictable experience of pain in medical procedures so frequently required for infants, children and adult patients. Although decades of articles in journals and texts support distraction as a recommendation for protecting and diffusing a patient’s experience of procedural pain, the rationale for thorough evaluation followed by suggestions for the provision of integration as a treatment option is described and considered as a best practice intervention.
Music as a Regulator of Emotion: Three Case Studies
Authors: Hereld Diana Christine
Published: November 2020

This study explores music in the reduction of negative affect and emotion. Focusing on musical behavior in emotion regulation as it relates to trauma, this study investigates three questions: How do conscientious music listening practices impact the regulation of affect and self-harming impulses in individuals who experience trauma, mental illness, or self-destructive behavior? What aspects of musical intensity help alleviate anger, pain, sadness, despair, hopelessness, or suicidal ideation? How do participants use varied listening strategies to regulate and modulate negative affect and emotions?Three case studies of two American females and one male aged 18-26 with history of a diagnosis of general anxiety disorder, borderline personality disorder, prior self-harm or suicidality, complex trauma, and PTSD are presented using a combined ethnographic approach, including survey administration, interviews, and phenomenological exploration. Through the review and thematic analysis of behavior in response to musical interaction both during and following traumatic life events, this study shows music is a successful tool for modulating overwhelming negative emotion, fostering hope and resilience, and circumventing self-destructive impulses. These results reveal potential for future research investigating the role of musical affect-regulation in both trauma recovery and reducing self-destructive behavior.
International Fellowship between Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine & the Louis Armstrong Center for Music and Medicine
Authors: Yu Ruiguang
Published: November 2020

It is wonderful to have a voice as a member of the international team in ‘Rounds Corner’ and to take this opportunity to share my place in the unique forum of rounds, in writing for this journal. I’d like to share a bit about myself to provide a context for my home place which is rooted in China...