bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antihypertensive effects and safety of esaxerenone in patients with moderate kidney dysfunction
Authors: Ito Sadayoshi , Itoh Hiroshi , Rakugi Hiromi , Okuda Yasuyuki , Iijima Setsuko
Published: December 2020

Renin–angiotensin system inhibitors are recommended for treating hypertension with chronic kidney disease. The addition of a mineralocorticoid receptor blocker may be one option to achieve target blood pressure. We investigated the efficacy and safety of esaxerenone, a mineralocorticoid receptor blocker, in Japanese hypertensive patients with moderate kidney dysfunction. Two multicenter, open-label, nonrandomized dose escalation studies were conducted to investigate esaxerenone monotherapy and add-on therapy to renin–angiotensin system inhibitor treatment. Esaxerenone therapy was initiated at 1.25 mg/day and titrated to 2.5 and then 5 mg/day for a treatment duration of 12 weeks. Primary endpoints were changes from baseline in sitting systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Safety, pharmacokinetics, and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratios were also assessed. Thirty-three patients received monotherapy, and 58 received add-on therapy; the mean baseline estimated glomerular filtration rates were 51.9 and 50.9 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively. The esaxerenone dosage was increased to ≥2.5 mg/day in 100% (n = 33) and 93.1% (n = 54) of patients receiving monotherapy and add-on therapy, respectively. Reductions in sitting blood pressure from baseline to the end of treatment were similar (monotherapy: −18.5/−8.8 mmHg; add-on therapy: −17.8/−8.1 mmHg; both P < 0.001). The antihypertensive effects of esaxerenone were consistent across patient subgroups. A serum K+ level ≥5.5 mEq/L was observed in seven patients (12.1%) receiving add-on therapy but in none receiving monotherapy. All increases in serum K+ levels were transient, and no patient met predefined serum K+ level criteria for dose reduction or therapy discontinuation. No patient discontinued treatment owing to kidney function decline. Esaxerenone was effective and well tolerated in hypertensive patients with moderate kidney dysfunction.
Human kidney clonal proliferation disclose lineage-restricted precursor characteristics
Authors: Cohen-Zontag Osnat , Gershon Rotem , Harari-Steinberg Orit , Kanter Itamar , Omer Dorit , Pleniceanu Oren , Tam Gal , Oriel Sarit , Ben-Hur Herzel , Katz Guy , Dotan Zohar , Kalisky Tomer , Dekel Benjamin , Pode-Shakked Naomi
Published: December 2020

In-vivo single cell clonal analysis in the adult mouse kidney has previously shown lineage-restricted clonal proliferation within varying nephron segments as a mechanism responsible for cell replacement and local regeneration. To analyze ex-vivo clonal growth, we now preformed limiting dilution to generate genuine clonal cultures from one single human renal epithelial cell, which can give rise to up to 3.4 * 106 cells, and analyzed their characteristics using transcriptomics. A comparison between clonal cultures revealed restriction to either proximal or distal kidney sub-lineages with distinct cellular and molecular characteristics; rapidly amplifying de-differentiated clones and a stably proliferating cuboidal epithelial-appearing clones, respectively. Furthermore, each showed distinct molecular features including cell-cycle, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, oxidative phosphorylation, BMP signaling pathway and cell surface markers. In addition, analysis of clonal versus bulk cultures show early clones to be more quiescent, with elevated expression of renal developmental genes and overall reduction in renal identity markers, but with an overlapping expression of nephron segment identifiers and multiple identity. Thus, ex-vivo clonal growth mimics the in-vivo situation displaying lineage-restricted precursor characteristics of mature renal cells. These data suggest that for reconstruction of varying renal lineages with human adult kidney based organoid technology and kidney regeneration ex-vivo, use of multiple heterogeneous precursors is warranted.
Identifying transcription factors that reduce wood recalcitrance and improve enzymatic degradation of xylem cell wall in Populus
Authors: Hori Chiaki , Takata Naoki , Lam Pui Ying , Tobimatsu Yuki , Nagano Soichiro , Mortimer Jenny C. , Cullen Dan
Published: December 2020

Developing an efficient deconstruction step of woody biomass for biorefinery has been drawing considerable attention since its xylem cell walls display highly recalcitrance nature. Here, we explored transcriptional factors (TFs) that reduce wood recalcitrance and improve saccharification efficiency in Populus species. First, 33 TF genes up-regulated during poplar wood formation were selected as potential regulators of xylem cell wall structure. The transgenic hybrid aspens (Populus tremula × Populus tremuloides) overexpressing each selected TF gene were screened for in vitro enzymatic saccharification. Of these, four transgenic seedlings overexpressing previously uncharacterized TF genes increased total glucan hydrolysis on average compared to control. The best performing lines overexpressing Pt × tERF123 and Pt × tZHD14 were further grown to form mature xylem in the greenhouse. Notably, the xylem cell walls exhibited significantly increased total xylan hydrolysis as well as initial hydrolysis rates of glucan. The increased saccharification of Pt × tERF123-overexpressing lines could reflect the improved balance of cell wall components, i.e., high cellulose and low xylan and lignin content, which could be caused by upregulation of cellulose synthase genes upon the expression of Pt × tERF123. Overall, we successfully identified Pt × tERF123 and Pt × tZHD14 as effective targets for reducing cell wall recalcitrance and improving the enzymatic degradation of woody plant biomass.
Utilization of silicon nanowire field-effect transistors for the detection of a cardiac biomarker, cardiac troponin I and their applications involving animal models
Authors: Chang Shih-Mein , Palanisamy Sathyadevi , Wu Tung-Ho , Chen Chiao-Yun , Cheng Kai-Hung , Lee Chen-Yi , Yuan Shyng-Shiou F. , Wang Yun-Ming
Published: December 2020

This study develops an ultrasensitive electrical device, the silicon nanowire-field effect transistor (SiNW-FET) for detection of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in obesity induced myocardial injury. The biosensor device utilizes metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) compatible top-down methodology for the fabrication process. After fabrication, the surface of the SiNW is modified with the cTnI monoclonal antibody (Mab-cTnI) upon covalent immobilization to capture cTnI antigen. The sensitivity of the device is also examined using cTnI at different concentrations with the lowest detection limit of 0.016 ng/mL. The electrocardiogram (ECG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and superior vena cave (SVC) provide more information about cardiac responses in a mouse model of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Further, magnetic resonance imaging helps to evaluate the cardiac output of an obesity induced myocardial injury mouse model. These methods play an essential role in monitoring the obesity based cardiac injury and hence, these studies were carried out. This is the first report to use the ECG, MRI, and SVC sampling methods to study the obesity based cardiac injury involving Syrian hamsters as animal models. The proposed SiNW-FET in this study shows greater sensitivity than the previously developed devices and demonstrates great potential for future applications in point-of-care (POC) diagnosis.
The structure of SeviL, a GM1b/asialo-GM1 binding R-type lectin from the mussel Mytilisepta virgata
Authors: Kamata Kenichi , Mizutani Kenji , Takahashi Katsuya , Marchetti Roberta , Silipo Alba , Addy Christine , Park Sam-Yong , Fujii Yuki , Fujita Hideaki , Konuma Tsuyoshi , Ikegami Takahisa , Ozeki Yasuhiro , Tame Jeremy R. H.
Published: December 2020

SeviL is a recently isolated lectin found to bind to the linear saccharides of the ganglioside GM1b (Neu5Ac$$\alpha$$α(2-3)Gal$$\beta$$β(1-3)GalNAc$$\beta$$β(1-4)Gal$$\beta$$β(1-4)Glc) and its precursor, asialo-GM1 (Gal$$\beta$$β(1-3)GalNAc$$\beta$$β(1-4)Gal$$\beta$$β(1-4)Glc). The crystal structures of recombinant SeviL have been determined in the presence and absence of ligand. The protein belongs to the$$\beta$$β-trefoil family, but shows only weak sequence similarity to known structures. SeviL forms a dimer in solution, with one binding site per subunit, close to the subunit interface. Molecular details of glycan recognition by SeviL in solution were analysed by ligand- and protein-based NMR techniques as well as ligand binding assays. SeviL shows no interaction with GM1 due to steric hindrance with the sialic acid branch that is absent from GM1b. This unusual specificity makes SeviL of great interest for the detection and control of certain cancer cells, and cells of the immune system, that display asialo-GM1.
Broadband dielectric spectroscopy for monitoring temperature-dependent chloride ion motion in BiOCl plates
Authors: Radoń Adrian , Łukowiec Dariusz , Włodarczyk Patryk
Published: December 2020

The dielectric properties and electrical conduction mechanism of bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) plates synthesized using chloramine-T as the chloride ion source were investigated. Thermally-activated structure rebuilding was monitored using broadband dielectric spectroscopy, which showed that the onset temperature of this process was 283 K. This rebuilding was related to the introduction of free chloride ions into [Bi2O2]2+ layers and their growth, which increased the intensity of the (101) diffraction peak. The electrical conductivity and dielectric permittivity were related to the movement of chloride ions between plates (in the low-frequency region), the interplanar motion of Cl− ions at higher frequencies, vibrations of these ions, and charge carrier hopping at frequencies above 10 kHz. The influence of the free chloride ion concentration on the electrical conductivity was also described. Structure rebuilding was associated with a lower concentration of free chloride ions, which significantly decreased the conductivity. According to the analysis, the BiOCl plate conductivity was related to the movement of Cl− ions, not electrons.
Site suitability analysis for potential agricultural land with spatial fuzzy multi-criteria decision analysis in regional scale under semi-arid terrestrial ecosystem
Authors: Özkan Barış , Dengiz Orhan , Turan İnci Demirağ
Published: December 2020

The main purpose of this study is to identify suitable potential areas for agricultural activities in the semi-arid terrestrial ecosystem in the Central Anatolia Region. MCDA was performed in fuzzy environment integrated with GIS techniques and different geostatistical interpolation models, which was chosen as the basis for the present study. A total of nine criteria were used, as four terrain properties and five soil features to identify potential sites suitable for agriculture lands in Central Anatolia which covers approximately 195,012.7 km2. In order to assign weighting value for each criterion, FAHP approach was used to make sufficiently sensitive levels of importance of the criteria. DEM with 10 m pixel resolution used to determine the height and slope characteristics, digital geology and soil maps, CORINE land use/land cover, long-term meteorological data, and 4517 soil samples taken from the study area were used. It was identified that approximately 30.7% of the total area (59,921.8 ha) is very suitable and suitable for potential agriculture activities on S1 and S2 levels, 42.7% of the area is not suitable for agricultural uses, and only 27% of the area is marginally suitable for agricultural activities. Besides, it was identified that 34.8% of the area is slightly suitable.
Influence of light/dark cycle and orexins on breathing control in green iguanas (Iguana iguana)
Authors: Fonseca Elisa M. , Vicente Mariane C. , Fournier Stephanie , Kinkead Richard , Bícego Kênia C. , Gargaglioni Luciane H.
Published: December 2020

Light/dark cycle affects the physiology of vertebrates and hypothalamic orexin neurons (ORX) are involved in this function. The breathing pattern of the green iguana changes from continuous to episodic across the light/dark phases. Since the stimulatory actions of ORX on breathing are most important during arousal, we hypothesized that ORX regulates changes of breathing pattern in iguanas. Thus, we: (1) Localized ORX neurons with immunohistochemistry; (2) Quantified cyclic changes in plasma orexin-A levels by ELISA; (3) Compared breathing pattern at rest and during hypoxia and hypercarbia; (4) Evaluated the participation of the ORX receptors in ventilation with intracerebroventricular microinjections of ORX antagonists during light and dark phases. We show that the ORX neurons of I. iguana are located in the periventricular hypothalamic nucleus. Orexin-A peaks during the light/active phase and breathing parallels these cyclic changes: ventilation is higher during the light phase than during the dark phase. However, inactivation of ORX-receptors does not affect the breathing pattern. Iguanas increase ventilation during hypoxia only during the light phase. Conversely, CO2 promotes post-hypercarbic hyperpnea during both phases. We conclude that ORXs potentiate the post-hypercarbic (but not the hypoxic)-drive to breathe and are not involved in light/dark changes in the breathing pattern.
Co-delivery of 5-fluorodeoxyuridine and doxorubicin via gold nanoparticle equipped with affibody-DNA hybrid strands for targeted synergistic chemotherapy of HER2 overexpressing breast cancer
Authors: Zhang Chao , Zhang Fanghua , Han Mengnan , Wang Xuming , Du Jie , Zhang Honglei , Li Wei
Published: December 2020

Combination chemotherapy is still of great importance as part of the standard clinical care for patients with HER2 positive breast cancer. As an attractive component, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been extensively studied as biosafety nanomaterials, but they are rarely explored as drug nanocarriers for targeted co-delivery of multiple chemotherapeutics. Herein, a novel affibody-DNA hybrid strands modified AuNPs were fabricated for co-loading nucleoside analogue (5-fluorodeoxyuridine, FUdR) and anthracycline (doxorubicin, Dox). FUdRs were integrated into DNA hybrid strands decorated on AuNPs by DNA solid phase synthesis, and Dox molecules were intercalated into their duplex regions. Affibody molecules coupled to the DNA hybrid strands were distributed the surface of AuNPs, giving them targeting for HER2. The new dual-drug-containing affibody-DNA-AuNPs (Dox@affi-F/AuNPs) owned compact and stable spherical nanostructures, and precise drug loading. Cytotoxicity tests demonstrated that these nanoparticles caused a higher inhibition in HER2 overexpressing breast cancer cells, and showed better synergistic antitumor activity than simple mixture of the two drugs. The related mechanistic studies proved that Dox@affi-F/AuNPs achieved a remarkable combined antitumor activity of Dox and FUdR by promoting more cells to enter apoptosis pathway. Our work provided a nanomedicine platform for targeted co-delivery of nucleoside analog therapeutics and anthracycline anticancer drugs to achieve synergistic treatment of HER2+ cancer.
Operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy of a Pd/γ-NiOOH 2 nm cubes hydrogen oxidation catalyst in an alkaline membrane fuel cell
Authors: Alesker Maria , Bakos Istvan , Davies Veronica , Jia Qingying , Burlaka Luba , Yarmiayev Valeria , Muzikansky Anya , Kitayev Anna , Page Miles , Mukerjee Sanjeev , Zitoun David
Published: December 2020

The mechanism of Pd/γ-NiOOH 2 nm cubes hydrogen oxidation catalyst for alkaline fuel cell is investigated by operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy.
Visible-light-driven photocatalytic CO2 reduction over ketoenamine-based covalent organic frameworks: role of the host functional groups
Authors: Peng Lianlian , Chang Shuqing , Liu Ziling , Fu Yanghe , Ma Rui , Lu Xinqing , Zhang Fumin , Zhu Weidong , Kong Lichun , Fan Maohong
Published: December 2020

Compared to the electron-withdrawing groups, the electron-donating groups in TpBD can accelerate the photogenerated charge separation and transfer, thereby improving the photocatalytic performance for photocatalytic CO2 reduction.
Anti-sintering Au nanoparticles stabilized by a Fe-incorporated MgAl2O4 spinel for CO oxidation
Authors: Murthy Palle Ramana , Zhang Jing-Cai , Li Wei-Zhen
Published: December 2020

The development of sintering resistant gold nanocatalysts is one of the central tasks in gold catalysis.
First-principles study of magnetism in some novel MXene materials
Authors: Luo Kan , Zha Xian-Hu , Huang Qing , Lin Cheng-Te , Yang Minghui , Zhou Shenghu , Du Shiyu
Published: December 2020

Magnetic two-dimensional materials have gained considerable attention due to their special topologies and promising applications in electronic and spintronic devices, and the critical temperature could be evaluated through Monte Carlo simulations.
The catalytic influence of phosphotungstic acid-functionalized Fe3O4 MNPs blended with TiO2 on the synthesis of novel spiro-acridines and the evaluation of their medicinal potential through molecular docking studies
Authors: Potdar Shweta , Pal Nikita , Sharma Pratibha , Kumar Ashok
Published: December 2020

This manuscript describes an effective and rapid three-component synthesis of a novel series of spiro-acridine derivatives by integrating the pharmacologically dynamic hydantoin–phenytoin as the prime synthetic equivalent.
Formation of buried superconducting Mo2N by nitrogen-ion-implantation
Authors: Lee Joonhyuk , Park Jun Kue , Lee Joon Woo , Heo Yunseok , Oh Yoon Seok , Lee Jae S. , Cho Jinhyung , Jeen Hyoungjeen
Published: December 2020

Formation of chemically distinct interfaces, including crystalline buried-superconducting Mo2N, by low-energy nitrogen ion implantation in an epitaxial molybdenum thin film.
Investigation of the target-site resistance of EPSP synthase mutants P106T and T102I/P106S against glyphosate
Authors: Fonseca Emily C. M. , da Costa Kauê S. , Lameira Jerônimo , Alves Cláudio Nahum , Lima Anderson H.
Published: December 2020

Single or double EPSP synthase mutations lead glyphosate to undergo conformational changes that limit its inhibitory action.
Identification of novel biomarkers and candidate small molecule drugs in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis based on bioinformatics analysis of high-throughput data
Authors: Zuo Bin , Zhu JunFeng , Xiao Fei , Wang ChengLong , Shen Yun , Chen XiaoDong
Published: December 2020

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) are two major types of joint diseases. The present study aimed to identify hub genes involved in the pathogenesis and further explore the potential treatment targets of RA and OA.

Methods: The gene expression profile of GSE12021 was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Total 31 samples (12 RA, 10 OA and 9 NC samples) were used. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in RA versus NC, OA versus NC and RA versus OA groups were screened using limma package. We also verified the DEGs in GSE55235 and GSE100786. Functional annotation and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network construction of OA- and RA-specific DEGs were performed. Finally, the candidate small molecules as potential drugs to treat RA and OA were predicted in CMap database.

Results: 165 up-regulated and 163 down-regulated DEGs between RA and NC samples, 73 up-regulated and 293 down-regulated DEGs between OA and NC samples, 92 up-regulated and 98 down-regulated DEGs between RA and OA samples were identified. Immune response and TNF signaling pathway were significantly enriched pathways for RA- and OA-specific DEGs, respectively. The hub genes were mainly associated with ‘Primary immunodeficiency’ (RA vs. NC group), ‘Ribosome’ (OA vs. NC group), and ‘Chemokine signaling pathway’ (RA vs. OA group). Arecoline and Cefamandole were the most promising small molecule to reverse the RA and OA gene expression.

Conclusion: Our findings suggest new insights into the underlying pathogenesis of RA and OA, which may improve the diagnosis and treatment of these intractable chronic diseases.
Uronic acid metabolic process–related gene expression–based signature predicts overall survival of glioma
Authors: Feng Yuemei , Li Guanzhang , Shi Zhongfang , Yan Xu , Li Renpeng , Zhai You , Chang Yuanhao , Wang Di , Kahlert Ulf Dietrich , Zhang Wei , Yuan Fang
Published: December 2020

Glioma is the most common and malignant cancer of the central nervous system, and the prognosis is poor. Metabolic reprogramming is a common phenomenon that plays an important role in tumor progression including gliomas. Searching the representative process among numerous metabolic processes to evaluate the prognosis aside from the glycolytic pathway may be of great significance. A novel prediction signature was constructed in the present study based on gene expression. A total of 1027 glioma samples with clinical and RNA-seq data were used in the present study. Lasso-Cox, gene set variation analysis, Kaplan–Meier survival curve analysis, Cox regression, receiver operating characteristic curve, and elastic net were performed for constructing and verifying predictive models. The R programming language was used as the main tool for statistical analysis and graphical work. This signature was found to be stable in prognostic prediction in the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network and the Cancer Genome Atlas databases. The possible mechanism was also explored, revealing that the aforementioned signature was closely related to DNA replication and ATP binding. In summary, a prognosis prediction signature for patients with glioma based on five genes was constructed and showed great potential for clinical application.
Thyristor Voltage Regulator Experimental Research
Authors: Sosnina Elena , Sevostyanov Aleksandr , Kryukov Evgeny , Bedretdinov Rustam
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the thyristor voltage regulator (TVR) development. The TVR purpose is to control power flows and regulate voltage in 6-20 kV distribution electrical networks (DEN). The principle of TVR operation is based on the plus EMF (or minus EMF) introduction into power line when the shared use of longitudinal (change of magnitude) and transverse (change of phase) voltage regulation. The description of the TVR prototype is given. The TVR prototype consists of a 0.4 kV thyristor switches, power transformers (shunt and serial) and a 6 kV switchgear. The TVR has a two-level control system (CS). The TVR prototype experimental research was conducted in four stages: check of power equipment, first level CS research, second level CS research, prototype tests as a whole. The connection diagrams (thyristor switches unit, transformer and measuring equipment) and contact connections reliability were checked when the power part was tested. A qualitative characteristic of the input and output signals was obtained when testing the first level CS. It is found that the thyristor control pulses are formed according to the developed algorithm. The correctness of control system algorithms, executed and transmitted commands, passed and received data was confirmed as a result of the second level CS tests. The TVR research results indicate that the prototype provides the smoothness and specified accuracy of voltage regulation in all modes. The control range of the output voltage relative to the input was ±10%. The discreteness of regulation did not exceed 1.5%. The range of change in the shift angle of the output voltage relative to the input was ±5°. Research confirmed the TVR ES operability and its readiness for trial operation.
Assessing resultativeness of enterprise adaptation to market changes in the digital economy
Authors: Khusnutdinov Rinat , Stepanova Julia , Meshkova Natalia
Published: December 2020

Our research aims to develop and scientifically justify theoretical provisions and practical recommendations used for assessing resultativeness of a business enterprise adaptation to changing markets in digital economic environment which, in addition, creates opportunities for industrial enterprises to improve their resultativeness. In our study, assessment of enterprise adaptation performance is based on the method of indicator system development and logical analysis methods. Methodology described in this paper uses formula for calculating and algorithm for measuring industrial enterprise adaptation performance and, therefore, provides an opportunity to obtain useful information on effectiveness of company adaptation to market changes in the digital economy.
Ai Technologies as a Factor of Competitiveness of a Business Entity at the Present Stage of Human Development
Authors: Alferyev Dmitry , Khusainova Ekaterina
Published: December 2020

AI technologies are the main tool in the formation of management decisions at the present stage of human society development. An economic entity’s possession of a more advanced, functionally verified, and effective such intellectual tool is its exclusive competitive advantage in the current market environment. In this regard, the author attempts to justify the promotion of AI technologies at the state level. If this initiative is implemented, this country will gain a foothold or reach the level of a developed state in the entire set of participating subjects of the international arena.
Development of a Method and Algorithm for Inhibiting an Automatic Transfer Switch of the Circuit Breaker for a Sustained Short-Circuit
Authors: Fomin Igor Nikolaevich , Belikov Roman Pavlovich , Kudinova Tatyana Anatolyevna , Miftakhova Nailya Kamilevna
Published: December 2020

Circuit breakers with automatic transfer switches (ATS) are designed in such a way that when the voltage disappears during a short-circuit (SC) in the ring network line, the ATS device is triggered. At the same time, its switch is turned on at short-circuit, then it is turned off with acceleration. Even a shortterm switching on of the automatic transfer switch for a sustained short-circuit leads to emergency situations [1,2]. The electrical equipment of the ring network spare line is exposed to high emergency short-circuit currents, and the consumers powered by the spare transformer are turned off. It is possible to minimize and eliminate the damages caused by the above mentioned cases by inhibiting the switching on of the circuitbreaker of the automatic transfer switch.
Fiscal potential of the investment mechanism of Islamic Finance
Authors: Aladdin Aliev Ayaz , Gordienko Mikhail , Nekrasova Veronika , Javid Allahverdi Farzaliyev
Published: December 2020

Abstract-the Research focuses on the application of Islamic Finance abroad, as well as in Russia. The authors present the history of Islamic Finance, its restrictive principles, and analyze in detail the majority of Islamic investment contract models. As such, the following were considered separately: partnership (Mudaraba, Musharaka, Agency-Wakala), acquisition (deferred payment sale-Murabaha, musavami and tawarruk, deferred delivery sale-Salam, delivery-istijrar, contract – istisnaa), lease (Ijara), credit operations (loan-Kadr, debt transfer-hawala, debt sale-Bai-al-DIN), public promise of a reward or competition (juaala), as well as financial instruments (sukuk). It is pointed out that the fiscal potential does not fully allow stimulating the use of models, and requires further development both from the point of view of tax and non-tax (quasi-fiscal) payments of the corporate sector of the state economy. The paper considers the classical model for evaluating financial assets with a tax corrector, as well as the standard approach to assessing the effect of financial leverage, which require modification in the absence of loan interest, as well as the task of stimulating economic activity in the post-quarantine period. In the final part, we describe the prospects and formulate forecasts for the application of the principles of Islamic Finance in Russia.
Influence of smart metering systems on increasing the accuracy of calculation electrical power losses in electrical networks
Authors: Musaev Timur , Khabibullin Marat , Kamaliev Ramil , Fedorov Oleg , Valeev Ilgiz , Vladimirov Oleg
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the possibility of using data from smart electricity meters (SEM) to increase the accuracy of calculation losses in 0.4 kV low-voltage networks. An increase in accuracy can be achieved using actual data about the load graph of electricity consumers (in this case, 6(10)-0.4 kV transformer substations are meant). To date, the operating load factor is taken equal to 0.5, which does not always correspond to the actual data. Using SEM, actual load graphs can be obtained, which enable more accurate determination of the operating load factor. Consequently, the accuracy of calculation of electrical energy losses will be increased.
Electric hybrid airship with unlimited flight time
Authors: Pisarevskiy Yu. V. , Fursov V. B. , Pisarevskiy A. Yu. , Tatarnikov P. N. , Sitnikov N. V. , Goremykin S. A.
Published: December 2020

This paper examines the possibility of using photoelectric energy conversion during creation of electric unmanned aerial vehicles of a hybrid type. These vehicles should operate at altitudes up to 22,000 m and have an unregulated flight time. The problems arising during creation of such devices are their instability and poor controllability. Also they possess a number of disadvantages typical for airships: large size and, as a consequence, high windage and dependence on weather conditions; low maneuverability and, as a consequence, the difficulty of landing. These negative aspects of all circular wings resulted in complete rejection of their development. However, the considered disadvantages show the feasibility of creating hybrid aircraft. Particular attention in this paper is given to disk-shaped vehicles. They have less windage, do not need to turn around when changing the direction of flight. The presence of solar panels in combination with modern control and navigation systems make it possible to create new unmanned aerial vehicles with unlimited flight time. The aircraft dimensions are calculated as a function of the lifted mass and other parameters. Recommendations on possible operation parameters of hybrid airship are given.
Changing the design of a synchronous motor after testing
Authors: Petrov Timur , Kornilov Vladimir , Safin Alfred , Kuvshinov Nikita , Tsvetkov Alexey , Gibadullin Ramil
Published: December 2020

In the course of work on the project, we have created a permanent magnet synchronous motor, which will be effectively used in the oil industry, or rather 2 models: 15and 55-kW motors. After the tests carried out, the problem with the achievement of the specified value of the efficiency of the engines was clarified, and it was necessary to solve this problem without significantly changing the design. One of the solutions is presented in the article.
Activation of innovative activity in the manufacturing industry: regional aspect
Authors: Makoveev Vitaly , Mazilov Evgeny , Akhmetova Irina
Published: December 2020

Sustainable long-term development of the energy sector is impossible without a developed manufacturing industry and especially machine-building enterprises. In this regard, the article based on the analysis of the works of domestic and foreign researchers developed and tested a method for assessing the level of development of innovation in the manufacturing industry, taking into account the volume of output, the degree of involvement of enterprises in the sector of innovation and labor productivity in the production of innovative products. An economic and mathematical model is constructed to determine the degree of influence of socio-economic factors on the level of development of innovative activities in the manufacturing industry.
Heat exhaust in fusion reactors and its impact on the sustainability of fusion electricity
Authors: Dose Giacomo , Noce Simone
Published: December 2020

This contribution presents a didactic overview of the sustainability of nuclear fusion as a source for electricity production. A comparison with traditional means of electricity generation will be carried out, especially regarding waste production. Particular attention will be focused on the lifetime of components in a fusion reactor, since this engineering parameter determines directly the environmental and economic sustainability. Finally, the impact of heat exhaust components, which is the field of expertise of the authors, on waste production will be assessed and the most active research activities aimed to enhance the performance and lifetime of these components will be summarized.
EPS-SIF Energy Summer School 2019: Concluding remarks
Authors: Wagner F.
Published: December 2020

This paper is based on the last talk of the summer school. The intention of the talk was not to repeat any highlights of the school, rather to place the energy issue in a wider frame of global issues like global warming and the global responses to this threat. Therefore, I tried to compile —where possible— new data which inform the audience on the present stage of the energy transition toward carbon-free technologies and some expected future trends. The largest hopes for a successful transformation are connected to renewable energy forms. This field is discussed here mostly from a system point of view whereas I resort heavily to examples from Germany. The most obvious reason is that I am familiar with the German development and have access to the most relevant data. On the other hand, the German experience is of importance for other highly industrialised economies and its development affects other countries because of its central location.
La recherche, un droit mondial
Authors: Leduc Michèle , Piuzzi François , Spiro Michel , Suzor-Weiner Annick
Published: December 2020

La crise sanitaire nous fait prendre conscience de la mondialisation
des problèmes sociétaux, qui touchent nos populations et encore plus
celles des États où dominent la pauvreté et bien souvent la corruption.
La crise suscite de forts élans de solidarité, auxquels les scientifiques
sont naturellement associés, avec la responsabilité d’apporter leur expertise,
nécessaire à la compréhension des phénomènes en cours.
Lebendiger Heilort in Lettland
Authors: Ancevska Ieva
Published: December 2020

Das lettische Dampfbad hat – wie viele andere Dampfbadtraditionen auf der Welt – eine jahrhundertealte Geschichte und ist auch heute noch weit verbreitet. Die Traditionen im lettischen Dampfbad sind mit vorchristlichen lettischen Weltanschauungen und Mythologien verbunden, zum Beispiel begrüßt man zu Beginn des Rituals die Mutter und den Geist des Dampfbades. Das Vorgehen im lettischen Dampfbad entspricht einer festgelegten Reihenfolge, bei dem unter anderem Heilpflanzen und Kälte-Wärme-Wechsel von Bedeutung sind.
Aspirationspneumonie nach Petroleumingestion – Lampenöl ist kein Heilmittel
Authors: Neupert Stephan
Published: December 2020

Anamnese Wir stellen den Fall eines 78-jährigen Mannes vor, der nach Einnahme einer kleinen Menge Petroleum eine Aspirationspneumonie mit konsekutiver Sepsis entwickelt hatte.

Untersuchungen und Diagnose Da zunächst von einer versehentlichen Aufnahme ausgegangen worden war, sollte die Verdachtsdiagnose einer demenziellen Erkrankung abgeklärt werden. Eine ausführliche Exploration des Patienten konnte mithilfe fremdanamnestischer Angaben eine psychiatrische Erkrankung ausschließen. Stattdessen stellte sich der Glaube an alternativmedizinische Heilungsversprechen als Ursache der Petroleumingestion heraus.

Therapie und Verlauf Eine psychiatrische Behandlung war nicht notwendig, während sich die körperliche Verfassung nach antimikrobieller Therapie stabilisierte.

Folgerung Das psychiatrische Konsil kann hilfreich sein, um Verhaltensweisen, die auf eine psychische Erkrankung hindeuten, diagnostisch einordnen zu können.
The Effects of Body Mass Index on Softball Pitchers’ Hip and Shoulder Range of Motion
Authors: Friesen Kenzie B. , Anz Adam W. , Dugas Jeffrey R. , Andrews James R. , Oliver Gretchen D.
Published: December 2020

Currently it is hypothesized that increased body mass index may contribute to overuse injuries. Thus, if hip or shoulder range of motion is affected by body mass index, pitchers may be placing additional stress on joints as they seek to pitch at maximal velocity. The purpose of this study was to examine if range of motion at the hips and shoulders were related to body mass index classification. A sample of 147 female softball pitchers (17.0±4.2 years; 167.6±11.8 cm; 70.6±17.5 kg; body mass index=24.8±4.7 kg/m2) participated. Bilateral hip and shoulder range of motion were assessed. Multivariate analysis of variance results indicated body mass index [Wilks’ Λ=0.742, F=1.722, p=0.014, η2=0.095] significantly affected range of motion of the shoulder and hip. Post hoc results indicated the underweight group had significantly more range of motion than the obese group in hip internal range of motion on both the throwing side (mean difference=12.39, p=0.005) and glove side (mean difference=11.98, p=0.004). Although body composition is not overly emphasized among softball pitchers, the current study reveals excess weight may inhibit proper mechanics. Coaches, athletic trainers, strength and conditioning personnel, and athletes should acknowledge the role that body composition can play in affecting pitch outcomes.
Ergospirometrische Belastungsuntersuchungen in der Pädiatrie
Authors: Engl Tobias , Appel Katharina , Müller Jan , Kühn Andreas , Oberhoffer Renate , Vogt Manfred
Published: December 2020

Hintergrund Kardiopulmonale Belastungsuntersuchungen auf dem Fahrrad oder Laufband haben in der Erwachsenenmedizin einen hohen Stellenwert. Sie dienen einerseits zur Feststellung der körperlichen Leistungsfähigkeit, andererseits auch zum Beweis oder Ausschluss kardiopulmonaler Erkrankung. In der Kinder- und Jugendmedizin finden sie im Rahmen von wissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen etwa bei kongenitaler Herzerkrankung Anwendung, um den aktuellen Gesundheitszustand zu objektivieren. Dabei wird ihr Stellenwert bei der Behandlung von chronisch kranken Kindern und Jugendlichen gerade im niedergelassenen Bereich noch unterschätzt. Ziel der Arbeit war es, die Indikationen, die Durchführung und die Ergebnisse eines Kollektivs von 100 Patienten einer kinderkardiologischen Praxis darzustellen.

Methodik Untersucht wurden 100 konsekutive Patienten (14,2 ± 3,8 Jahre) im Rahmen einer sportwissenschaftlichen Kooperation. Die Untersuchungen wurden standardisiert nach dem Godfrey-Protokoll auf dem Fahrradergometer durchgeführt. Neben der Leistungsfähigkeit in Watt/kg KG wurden die maximale Sauerstoffaufnahme, die respiratorische Austauschrate und die maximale Herzfrequenz erhoben.

Ergebnisse 80 % der Patienten hatten eine kardiologische Indikation (26 % angeborene Herzfehler, 39 % erworbene Herzerkrankung, 15 % Rhythmusstörungen). 8 % der Patienten kamen wegen einer Sporttauglichkeit im Rahmen von Leistungssport zur Untersuchung, 6 % mit onkologischer Grunderkrankung, 6 % mit allgemeinpädiatrischen Vorerkrankungen. Alle Patienten konnten problemlos die Untersuchung beenden. Patienten mit angeborenem Herzfehler hatten die niedrigste Sauerstoffaufnahme, gefolgt von Patienten mit onkologischen Erkrankungen.

Diskussion In unserem Kollektiv war die Gruppe der kardiologischen Indikation am größten, gefolgt von einem kleinen Anteil von leistungssportlich aktiven Kindern, onkologischen und allgemeinpädiatrischen Patienten. Es wäre ein wünschenswertes Ziel, auch einem größeren Kreis chronisch kranker Kinder basierend auf einer ergospirometrischen Untersuchung ein gezieltes Trainingsprogramm zur Verfügung zu stellen. Daten aus der Erwachsenen-Onkologie zeigen durchaus positive Effekte auf die Morbidität und Mortalität durch strukturierte Sportprogramme.
Testsequenzen für den Praktiker
Authors: Schulze Elke , Kubat Heike
Published: December 2020

Bei kraniozervikalen Beschwerden gibt es sowohl im Stehen als auch beim Gehen Hinweise für Defizite in der Haltungskontrolle. Stand- und Gangproben stellen hierfür adäquate Testverfahren dar. Für den Tandemstand, den Einbeinstand und den geschlossenen Stand auf einem 10 Zentimeter dicken Schaumstoff unter standardisierten Bedingungen existieren altersspezifische Standzeitwerte. Sie können in der Untersuchung im Vergleich zu Patienten herangezogen werden und decken Dysfunktionen des sensomotorischen Systems auf. Bezüglich der Gangproben hat sich ein standardisierter Tandemgang bewährt.
„Die Welt hat sich verändert
…“
Authors: Kehl Sven
Published: December 2020

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser

wir können wahrlich nicht behaupten, dass das Jahr 2020 ein langweiliges
gewesen ist. Seit Anfang des Jahres hat die SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie die ganze Welt,
unseren Alltag und die Perinatalmedizin fest im Griff. „Die Welt hat sich
verändert. Und deshalb müssen auch wir uns
ändern“, sagte einst der ehemalige US-amerikanische
Präsident Barack Obama.
Guidelines for Best Practice in the Audiological Management of Adults with Severe and Profound Hearing Loss
Authors: Turton Laura , Souza Pamela , Thibodeau Linda , Hickson Louise , Gifford René , Bird Judith , Stropahl Maren , Gailey Lorraine , Fulton Bernadette , Scarinci Nerina , Ekberg Katie , Timmer Barbra
Published: December 2020

Individuals with severe to profound hearing loss are likely to present with complex listening needs that require evidence-based solutions. This document is intended to inform the practice of hearing care professionals who are involved in the audiological management of adults with a severe to profound degree of hearing loss and will highlight the special considerations and practices required to optimize outcomes for these individuals.
Physics of E × B discharges relevant to plasma propulsion and similar technologies
Authors: Kaganovich Igor D. , Smolyakov Andrei , Raitses Yevgeny , Ahedo Eduardo , Mikellides Ioannis G. , Jorns Benjamin , Taccogna Francesco , Gueroult Renaud , Tsikata Sedina , Bourdon Anne , Boeuf Jean-Pierre , Keidar Michael , Powis Andrew Tasman , Merino Mario , Cappelli Mark , Hara Kentaro , Carlsson Johan A. , Fisch Nathaniel J. , Chabert Pascal , Schweigert Irina , Lafleur Trevor , Matyash Konstantin , Khrabrov Alexander V. , Boswell Rod W. , Fruchtman Amnon
Published: December 2020

This paper provides perspectives on recent progress in understanding the physics of devices in which the external magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the discharge current. This configuration generates a strong electric field that acts to accelerate ions. The many applications of this set up include generation of thrust for spacecraft propulsion and separation of species in plasma mass separation devices. These “E  × B” plasmas are subject to plasma–wall interaction effects and to various micro- and macroinstabilities. In many devices we also observe the emergence of anomalous transport. This perspective presents the current understanding of the physics of these phenomena and state-of-the-art computational results, identifies critical questions, and suggests directions for future research.
Influence of thermal gradients on the invasion patterns during drying of porous media: A lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Panda Debashis , Paliwal Shubhani , Sourya Dasika Prabhat , Kharaghani Abdolreza , Tsotsas Evangelos , Surasani Vikranth Kumar
Published: December 2020

Drying of porous media sounds simple yet complicated to study the multiphase flow counterparts in porous media with intricate pore geometries. In the past, we have discussed the Lattice Boltzmann Model (LBM) as a powerful multiphase solver for the drying of porous media. In this study, we extend our previous work on the Shan Chen representation of the multiphase LBM to drying of porous media with imposed thermal gradients. A linearly varied stationary temperature profile is imposed concerning the depth of the porous medium, i.e., free evolution of temperatures due to the phase change is neglected. The preferential heating is divided into two kinds of gradients: First, the positive thermal gradient where temperatures varies linearly on an increasing order from top to bottom (e.g., the contact heating mode of drying). Second, the negative thermal gradient opposite the former (e.g., convective mode of heating). It is observed that the thermal gradient can lead to stabilizing and destabilizing drying fronts, where the latter situation incurs two drying fronts in a later period of drying. The novelty of this work is the establishment of thermal aspects to the previously discussed LBM and introduces the concepts of evaporation–condensation of trapped clusters and liquid bridges. The characteristics of thermal drying for stabilized and destabilized drying fronts is re-established at a magnified level of study using the developed LBM.
Stationary solution for quasi-homogeneous small-scale magnetic field advected by non-Gaussian turbulent flow
Authors: Il’yn A. S. , Kopyev A. V. , Sirota V. A. , Zybin K. P.
Published: December 2020

We consider fluctuations of a magnetic field excited by an external force and advected by isotropic turbulent flow. It appears that non-Gaussian velocity gradient statistics and a finite region of pumping force provide the existence of a stationary solution. The mean-square magnetic field is calculated for arbitrary velocity gradient statistics. An estimate for possible feedback of the magnetic field on velocity shows that, for a wide range of parameters, stationarity without feedback would take place even in the case of intensive pumping of the magnetic field.
Integration of RNA-Seq profiling with genome-wide association study predicts candidate genes for oil accumulation in soybean
Authors: Niu Yuan , Zhang Guoliang , Wan Faxiang , Zhang Yuan-Ming
Published: December 2020

The most important objectives of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) breeding are to increase oil content and to improve oil quality. Although the biochemical processes of oil accumulation in oilseeds are very clear, knowledge of their underlying genetic mechanisms and regulation is limited. We performed RNA-Seq of soybean seeds from six accessions with high, medium and low seed oil contents. Through comparative genome analysis, promoter-enrichment study, and protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis, 80 lipid-metabolism-related genes and 31 transcription factors were detected. The pathways of fatty acid elongation, desaturation and export from plastid (P = 2.53E-4), and triacylglycerol biosynthesis (P = 2.31E-8), were significantly over-represented in accessions with high total oil content. Further, in an integration analysis of RNA-Seq and a genome-wide association study (GWAS) database, 62 candidate genes were found to be associated with seed oil content, 73 with oleic acid content, and 83 with linolenic acid content. Of these, 60 genes were found to be involved mainly in metabolism of lipids (25), carbohydrates (24), and amino acids (11). Thirty are known oil-synthesis-related genes; LOX1, CYP93D1 and GPT2 for oil content, SAD and FAD2 for oleic acid, and FAD2, CYP89A6 and GPT2 for linolenic acid were detected twice. There were 22 genes found to be associated with at least two oil-related traits, and of 154 pairs of PPIs, two genes for each pair of 95 PPIs (62%) were found to be associated with various oil-related traits, indicating the genetic foundations of oil-related traits. Three transcription factor genes were found to be associated with oil-related traits: HRE2 (Glyma.10G016500), ERF12 (Glyma.13G236600) and WRKY6 (Glyma.15G110300). This study provides an efficient strategy for further discovery of mechanisms of oil composition and accumulation.