bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impacto de los nuevos entornos educativos virtuales derivados de la covid-19 en el dominio afectivo de los futuros docentes para el aprendizaje de las ciencias
Authors: Hernández del Barco Miriam Andrea , Bravo Lucas Elena , Marcos-Merino José María , Cañada Cañada Florentina
Published: May 2022

La aparición de la pandemia COVID-19 y las medidas de confinamiento impuestas para limitar su propagación obligaron a que la docencia, en todos los niveles educativos, pasara a ser virtual. De este modo, el avance de la pandemia ha puesto de manifiesto la importancia de que la comunidad educativa esté preparada, tanto cognitiva como afectivamente, para flexibilizar la educación. Esto es aún más relevante para el caso de los docentes en formación, dado que la virtualización de las enseñanzas es un proceso cada vez más común. En este trabajo se analiza cómo ha afectado la virtualización de las asignaturas científicas durante el confinamiento, a las emociones y la percepción de autoeficacia de una muestra de 330 maestros en formación, así como las principales causas atribuidas para dichas emociones. De acuerdo con los resultados, los participantes sintieron mayoritariamente emociones negativas (preocupación, incertidumbre, frustración, nerviosismo…), derivadas del docente y de la metodología implementada por este; así como una baja autoeficacia hacia la enseñanza de las ciencias. En base a estos resultados se incluyen una serie de implicaciones educativas para una mejor experiencia emocional en el alumnado durante la enseñanza virtual de las ciencias.
A importância do modelo de monocamada lipídica da membrana plasmática de archaea para o ensino de biologia celular no brasil
Authors: Vieira Andrey do Nascimento , Rocha Alice Sampaio Barreto da , Ribeiro Manuel Gustavo Leitão
Published: May 2022

Em Biologia, a célula é considerada a unidade funcional dos seres vivos. Seus constituintes são fundamentalmente material genético, citoplasma e membrana plasmática. Estes três componentes estruturais exercem, dentre outros papéis biológicos, reprodução e manutenção celular, suporte à atividade metabólica e manutenção da barreira físico-química. Portanto, para a compreensão da fisiologia e estrutura celular, é imperativo o estudo dos processos em que esses componentes estão envolvidos, que nos cursos de ensino superior são abordados principalmente nas disciplinas de Biologia Celular e Molecular. Grande parte do conteúdo dessas disciplinas é dedicada ao estudo da estrutura, composição e evolução da membrana plasmática, muitas vezes referida de forma genérica como membrana celular. Em alguns clados em Archaea, um dos três domínios da vida, a membrana celular promove características fisiológicas únicas que permitem o sucesso evolutivo de tais grupos e sua sobrevivência em ambientes inóspitos para outras formas de vida. Nestas células, as membranas plasmáticas diferem estruturalmente das membranas dos domínios Bacteria e Eukaria por se organizarem em monocamada, apresentarem variações no tamanho das cadeias carbônicas alifáticas, nas ligações carbono-carbono e possuírem componentes estruturais exclusivos, como por exemplo os Glicerol-dialkil-glicerol-tetraéteres (GDGTs) e os Arqueóis. Infelizmente, pouca importância é dada ao domínio Archaea nos cursos que são oferecidos a alunos de Ciências Biológicas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi compilar informações sobre a membrana de Archaea e suplementar o atual repertório literário usado para o ensino dos módulos referentes à membrana plasmática nas disciplinas de Biologia Celular e Molecular no Brasil.
Reflexiones Sobre Algunas Problemáticas De La Formación De Profesores De Ciencias Naturales
Authors: Castiblanco Abril Olga Lucía
Published: May 2022

El principal objetivo de participar en un proceso educativo es crecer como personas y como sociedad. En este sentido, la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de las ciencias naturales se deberían planear buscando contribuir al desarrollo del estudiante, lo que llevaría a disminuir la problemática de que en muchos casos el aprendizaje de las Ciencias Naturales consiste en memorizar leyes y ecuaciones.  No se está diciendo que este mal este ejercicio en sí mismo, la problemática radica cuando el aprendizaje se reduce a dicha actividad.
Bestandsaufnahme und alternative Konzeption der kommunalen Eigenentwicklung zur flächeneffizienten Steuerung der Siedlungsentwicklung. Das Beispiel der Region Halle-Leipzig
Authors: Sell Thorben , Braunschweig Björn , Bergfeld Annedore , Henn Sebastian
Published: May 2022

The development of residential areas in the context of settlement development is a significant driver regarding land use and thus critical in achieving the goal of reduced new land use to less than 30 hectares per day by 2030. Although spatial planning and spatial science have been addressing this issue for years, e.g. through consistent land management, the current land use in Germany amounts to around 52 hectares per day (as of 2019). This is i.a. because the control of settlement development often only intervenes in developments that go beyond the own communal development. Approaches to controlling self-development usually remain on a blanket level and thus promote decentralized decisions that, in total, contradict the set goals. The aim of this paper is to present a model for calculating self-development, which not only takes demographic development into account, but also aligns the size of self-development with site-specific requirements to consider the principles of spatial planning and thus promote sustainable spatial development. In its empirical basis, the paper is based on statistical analyses of the respective needs as well as surveys, interviews research results that have been carried out or have arisen within the framework of the BMBFfunded project Interko2.
Development of a Methodology for Monitoring the Quality of Innovative Construction Projects Based on a Situational Approach
Authors:   Voronezh State Technical University, Averina Tat'yana A. , Barkalov Sergey A. ,   Voronezh State Technical University, Chernykh Mariya V. ,   Voronezh State Technical University
Published: May 2022

Modern trends in the economy and in the field of scientific and technological progress require a transition to a more innovative way of development. This trend is able to ensure the formation and accumulation of a new quality of research and production and technical potential of the country in the foreseeable future. Thus, the need to ensure competent management of innovative projects is determined. The problem of the innovative construction projects quality is caused by the insufficiently effective mana¬gement of this type of projects. When forming a competent approach to the management of innovative construction projects, a significant competitive advantage is provided for organizations implementing these projects, which generally forms the company's growth trend and the acquisition of a greater market share. The purpose of this study is to develop methodological guidelines for monitoring the quality of innovative projects in the construction sector. Methods. The study used traditional approaches of comparative analysis, statistical research methods, modeling methods, etc. The result of the research is the development of a new methodology for monitoring the quality of innovative projects in the construction sector based on the formation of a comprehensive system of indicators implemented in the context of a situational approach. Conclusion. Achieving project quality does not guarantee full achievement of project product quality. According to the stated conditions, the quality of the project is determined by its preservation within the project triangle both during the implementation period and after the completion of the project. As for innovative construction projects, despite the fact that this industry is conservative in terms of implementing innovations, such projects are still being implemented, and thus bring companies to a leading position in the market. Of course, these projects throughout the entire life cycle are accompanied by the presence of a high level of risks, however, with the proper level of control and timeliness of high-quality management decisions, an innovative project has significant chances of success.The individual conditions of each innovative construction project do not allow us to identify an absolutely universal effective methodology for monitoring the quality of the project, but it is possible to improve the effectiveness of monitoring the quality of these projects, provided that the developed recommendations are followed.
Fundamentals of mathematical modeling in political science
Authors:   South Ural State University, Gelrud Yakov D. , Shestakova Lyudmila I. ,   South Ural State University
Published: May 2022

Political processes are a complex system of organizational type. In this article, we are considering certain aspects, which stem from the principle of the system approach and are directly related to management of complex organizational systems. At the same time, the main attention is paid to the close connection of the principle of the system approach and the mathematical modeling of the systems of orga¬nizational management. Goals and objectives. The main goal of the article is to consider the ideas of the system approach, which imply the focus of attention on the quality and properties inherent to the system in general. The behavior of separate elements of the system is analyzed only in the context in which these are related to the achievement of the goal and to the effectiveness of the system’s functioning on the whole. Mathematical modeling ensures the fulfillment of the system approach for management organization taking into account the feedback principle. Methods. Mathematical model allows to form a logically harmonious formalized description of the managerial tasks. The following elements of decision-making are distinguished in the formal structure: goals, controllable variables, external variables, uncontrolled parameters, limitations, decision, efficiency criterion. The development of a mathematical model includes the determi¬ning of the interrelations between all the elements of the formal structure of the task and portraying them as mathematical expressions (equations, inequalities, etc.). Results. The article presents a decomposition of the process of developing a managerial solution comprising the following stages: verbal task setting (problem statement), forming of a mathematical model, task solving, solution analysis, model correction (if necessary) and finding a corrected solution, implementation of the final decision made in the management practice. In the end of the article, we consider an example of solving a managerial task in accordance with all the listed stages. Conclusion. The use of mathematical modeling and methods of solving managerial tasks in professional activity of a political figure allows to improve the effectiveness of the decisions made by this person and provides him/her with communication means, thanks to using the professional language of mathematics.
In Vitro Immunomodulatory Activity of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) with and without Bromelain Enzyme from Pineapple Waste (Ananas comosus (L) Merr)
Authors: Ernis Gustria , M Devianri , Hasanah Nurul Afiatun , Fitriani Dyah , Notriawan Doni , Triawan Deni Agus
Published: May 2022

Immunomodulators are an essential part of the prevention process for treating various diseases related to the body’s immune system. This study aimed to determine the immunomodulatory activity of virgin coconut oil (VCO) with and without the enzyme bromelain in pineapple waste extract on the proliferation of mice lymphocyte cells through an in vitro test. VCO was made using two methods: enzymatic using bromelain enzyme (VCOb) from pineapple waste with 10, 25, and 50%, and mixing method without bromelain enzyme (VCOm). The two types of VCO produced were calculated for the yield, moisture content, free fatty acids (FFA), and physicochemical properties. For immunomodulatory activity, the test solution was taken from VCOb and VCOm with a variation concentration of 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL. Isolation of lymphocyte cells was obtained from the spleen organ of Swiss Webster strain mice which was performed aseptically with a ketamine-xylazine anesthetic. The lymphocyte cell proliferation test was performed using the MTT Assay, and the Optical Density was measured using a microplate reader at 550 nm. The results showed that 50% VCOb produced the highest yield and 22.22% higher than VCOm. However, the results showed that increasing bromelain enzyme concentration would increase the moisture content and free fatty acid content, but still below 0.2%. The VCOb and VCOm had immunomodulatory activity against mice lymphocyte cell proliferation. However, the immunomodulatory activity of VCO with bromelain enzyme from pineapple waste extract (VCOb) was higher than without bromelain enzyme (VCOm). The highest immunomodulatory activity was obtained at 100 µg/mL of VCOb with a percentage increase of 158.26% compared to negative controls, followed by VCOm of 100 µg/mL with a percentage increase of 137.66% compared to negative controls. The optimum dose of VCOm and VCOb for increasing the proliferation of mice lymphocyte cells has not been found.
Comparison of six regression-based lot-to-lot verification approaches
Authors: Koh Norman Wen Xuan , Markus Corey , Loh Tze Ping , Lim Chun Yee
Published: May 2022

Objectives

Detection of between-lot reagent bias is clinically important and can be assessed by application of regression-based statistics on several paired measurements obtained from the existing and new candidate lot. Here, the bias detection capability of six regression-based lot-to-lot reagent verification assessments, including an extension of the Bland–Altman with regression approach are compared.

Methods

Least squares and Deming regression (in both weighted and unweighted forms), confidence ellipses and Bland–Altman with regression (BA-R) approaches were investigated. The numerical simulation included permutations of the following parameters: differing result range ratios (upper:lower measurement limits), levels of significance (alpha), constant and proportional biases, analytical coefficients of variation (CV), and numbers of replicates and sample sizes. The sample concentrations simulated were drawn from a uniformly distributed concentration range.

Results

At a low range ratio (1:10, CV 3%), the BA-R performed the best, albeit with a higher false rejection rate and closely followed by weighted regression approaches. At larger range ratios (1:1,000, CV 3%), the BA-R performed poorly and weighted regression approaches performed the best. At higher assay imprecision (CV 10%), all six approaches performed poorly with bias detection rates <50%. A lower alpha reduced the false rejection rate, while greater sample numbers and replicates improved bias detection.

Conclusions

When performing reagent lot verification, laboratories need to finely balance the false rejection rate (selecting an appropriate alpha) with the power of bias detection (appropriate statistical approach to match assay performance characteristics) and operational considerations (number of clinical samples and replicates, not having alternate reagent lot).
Efficiency of reversible reaction: a graphical approach
Authors: Novak Igor
Published: May 2022

We describe simple, quantitative, graphical approach to solve chemical equilibrium problems and quantify how far the reversible reaction advances upon reaching equilibrium state at a given temperature. The same approach also gives the change in reaction advancement ratio (reaction efficiency; % completion of reaction) upon perturbation of equilibrium state by changing equilibrium concentrations (moles) of reactants or products. The approach is based on plotting two polynomial functions which represent how the numbers of moles of reactants and products vary with the advancement of reaction. The point of intersection of the two polynomial curves (functions) gives advancement ratio for a reversible reaction at equilibrium (χ
e). In comparison, Le Chatelier’s principle is qualitative and tells us that equilibrium concentrations (moles) of products will increase (or decrease) once concentrations of reactants are made larger (or smaller), but does not predict the change in advancement of reversible reaction upon re-establishing the equilibrium state. In other words, it does not specify whether after perturbation the conversion to products will result in higher or lower reaction efficiency. Our quantitative approach is complementary to the qualitative Le Chatelier’s principle and is applicable to any single-equation equilibrium system. It can also be an alternative to ICE tables.
Knowledge tracing for adaptive learning in a metacognitive tutor
Authors: Carlon May Kristine Jonson , Cross Jeffrey S.
Published: May 2022

Adaptive learning is provided in intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) to enable learners with varying abilities to meet their expected learning outcomes. Despite the personalized learning afforded by ITSes using adaptive learning, learners are still susceptible to shallow learning. Introducing metacognitive tutoring to teach learners how to be aware of their knowledge can enable deeper learning. However, metacognitive tutoring on top of cognitive tutoring can lead to unsustainable cognitive loads. Using metacognitive inputs for knowledge tracing was explored for managing cognitive loads. Hidden Markov models (HMM) and artificial neural networks were used to train models on a synthetic dataset created from predetermined learner personas. The models created with metacognitive inputs were compared with the models created without said inputs. The models using metacognitive inputs performed better than the standard models while still following learning intuitions. This indicates that combining knowledge tracing and metacognitive tutoring is a viable option for improving learning outcomes. This is an important finding since online learning, which demands metacognitive skills, is becoming popular for various topics, including those that are challenging even with immediate teacher assistance.
¿Qué lengua para la enseñanza de las normas sociopragmáticas? Los manuales de urbanidad y la recuperación del catalán
Authors: Brumme Jenny , Schmid Beatrice
Published: May 2022

A partir del género textual de los manuales de urbanidad, este artículo pretende responder a la pregunta de qué lengua se utilizó para la enseñanza de las normas sociopragmáticas en la Cataluña decimonónica. Entre un corpus de 51 manuales publicados en Cataluña durante el siglo xix encontramos solo dos redactados en catalán. Nuestro análisis muestra que los factores decisivos para la elección de la lengua fueron las circunstancias de la publicación y los destinatarios. Los dos manuales se dirigían a un público monolingüe, a saber, a las clases campesina y obrera, respectivamente. Concluimos que la Überdachung del catalán por el castellano fue un proceso lento, que a finales del siglo XIX todavía no había alcanzado todas las partes de la sociedad.
Day-ahead and real-time congestion scheduling method for distribution network with multiple access to electric vehicle charging piles
Authors: Gao Qiang , Zhang Xiaodi , Pan Hong
Published: May 2022

The day-ahead and real-time congestion scheduling method for distribution network with multiple access to electric vehicle charging piles is studied to effectively solve the day-ahead and real-time congestion scheduling problem of distribution network. The charge adjustment strategy of charge and discharge service fee is established to realize the double response regulation between the distribution system’s scheduling organization and the charging pile operator; considering the adjustment strategy of charging service fee, a day-ahead congestion scheduling model is established with the goal of minimizing the charging cost of electric vehicles; based on the day-ahead congestion scheduling, a real-time congestion scheduling model is established to minimize the regional power fluctuation; the day-ahead and real-time congestion scheduling model is solved by differential evolution algorithm, and the optimal scheduling scheme is obtained. Experiments show that this method can reduce the line load rate of distribution network, avoid re-congestion, reduce the congestion scheduling cost and improve the security and economy of power grid operation.
A bibliometric analysis of the IRAL over the past six decades
Authors: Zhong Xiaolu , Liu Haitao
Published: May 2022

Using a bibliometric analysis of the publications in the International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching (IRAL), one of the journals with the most extended history in applied linguistics (AL), we combed through three periods of the journal’s development trajectory over 60 years. Specifically, we 1) examined the most frequently discussed topics in IRAL and their evolving patterns; 2) extracted the most highly-cited articles, the sources of citations, the sub-subjects of sources of citations, as well as the most highly-cited references; and 3) calculated the counts of authors in each year and their h-index, and identified the authors and countries/regions that contributed most to the journal. The results provide information on IRAL’s content, impact, and attractiveness, constituting a multi-faceted evaluation of the journal. Meanwhile, the same bibliometric procedures were conducted on Language Learning (LL), which acted as a reference for interpreting the performance of IRAL and identifying the gaps between IRAL and the leading journals in AL. Finally, suggestions for further adjustments and improvements to the journal were discussed.
Performing Resilience: Anchorage and Leverage in Live Action Role-Play Drama
Authors: Harper Jamie
Published: May 2022

The concept of resilience is frequently described within neoliberal discourses as the ability of individuals to bounce back from shocks and reflexively adapt to changing circumstances. In ecological sciences, however, resilience is more commonly understood as the capacity of systems to radically transform themselves, when their usual mode of operation is challenged, rather than simply reverting to their original state. This article considers how live action role-play, as a form of participatory performance, might support ecological resilience by enabling players to actively reflect on their cultural practices in constructing the systems of their play and develop new capacities in the process through intersubjective exchanges with diverse others.The notion of performing resilience is concretised through discussion of artistic research residencies at Trumpington Community Orchard in Cambridge in 2017 and the Peartree Bridge estate in Milton Keynes in 2018. These projects explored how encounters with unfamiliar spaces and beings might enable participants to play with their resilient changeability. Specifically, the article addresses the value of spatial reflexivity in building resilience, proposing spatial defamiliarization as an aesthetic strategy for transcending the immediate familiarity of habitual practices, expanding participants’ horizons of perception and imagination. These arguments yield a theoretical model for cultivating resilience through participatory performance termed anchorage-leverage. This model suggests that habit can provide the foundation for potential transformations of cultural practices as existing capacities are reconfigured by new relational connections, conferring new affordances that enable participants to radically reconfigure the ecologies in which they play and live.
“A Missile to the Future”: The Theatre Ecologies of Caryl Churchill’s Far Away on Spike Island
Authors: Lonergan Patrick
Published: May 2022

This article considers how processes associated with reviving well-known plays can offer new theatrical approaches to the climate crisis. Such revivals can make visible ecological or environmental features that might have gone unnoticed in the past, but which can inspire agency and instil knowledge in the present. This idea is explored in relation to an Irish production of Caryl Churchill’s Far Away (2000), which was staged on an uninhabited island off the South Coast of Ireland in 2017 by Corcadorca Theatre Company. This production can be seen as offering a practical illustration of many of the theoretical ideas associated with theatre ecologies, especially for how Corcadorca blurred distinctions between audience and performers, indoors and outdoors, performance and spectatorship, past and present, and much more. This production should thus be seen as a case study that is worthy of analysis in its own right but which also allows for the identification of viable practices for the staging of theatrical revivals more generally.
Artificial Intelligence and (Compulsory) Insurance
Authors: Faure Michael , Li Shu
Published: May 2022

This article discusses the compulsory liability insurance for AI-related harm proposed in the ongoing EU policy debate. We not only explain from the demand side why liability insurance would not be the only financial security needed to deal with the risks created by emerging technologies, but we also clarify from the supply side the obstacles concerning the application of liability insurance in the digital age. This article argues that, even if policymakers are determined to mandate liability insurance for AI-related risks, it must be established in a balanced and evidence-based manner. Compulsory financial security is only indicated when there is a risk that the activity may cause serious damage and could lead to insolvency.
Improving FNMC for the matrix effect of spherical shell plutonium samples
Authors: Hou Suxia , Luo Jijun
Published: May 2022

The fissile mass deduced from fast neutron multiplicity counting (FNMC) measurement is underestimated if the matrix self-absorption effect of the radioactive source is not taken into account. Based on the analysis of FNMC equations, a set of FNMC system was built to simulate and study the mass attribute of the hollow sphere (spherical shell) plutonium under different shapes and different masses conditions. Geant4 simulation shows that an appropriate parameter correction successfully removes the bias because of the matrix effect. Consequently, the self-multiplication factor, α coefficient and scattering crosstalk of the simulation result were corrected after analyzing the detection efficiency and multiplicity counting rate, and the corresponding polynomial fitting equation was obtained. The corrected mass deviation of samples was less than ±1% in this interval. The results show that the combination of the FNMC and parameter correction can accurately measure the sample mass attribute, which provides a new method for solving similar problems.
The transfer ideal under the action of orthogonal group in modular case
Authors: Lingli Zeng
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we study the structures of the invariant subspaces under the action of orthogonal group

O

2
ν

(

F

q

,
S

)

{O}_{2\nu }\left({F}_{q},S)

. In particular, we give a detailed description of 2-codimensional invariant subspaces. Moreover, we show that the height of transfer ideal

Im

(

Tr

O

2
ν

(

F

q

,
S

)

)

{\rm{Im}}({{\rm{Tr}}}^{{O}_{2\nu }\left({F}_{q},S)})

is 2 and give a primary decomposition for the radical ideal of this transfer ideal.
Nonlinear optical heating of all-dielectric super-cavity: efficient light-to-heat conversion through giant thermorefractive bistability
Authors: Ryabov Daniil , Pashina Olesiya , Zograf George , Makarov Sergey , Petrov Mihail
Published: May 2022

Optical heating of resonant nanostructures is one of the key issues in modern nanophotonics, being either harmful or desirable effect depending on the applications. Despite a linear regime of light-to-heat conversion being well-studied both for metal and semiconductor resonant systems is generalized as a critical coupling condition, the clear strategy to optimize optical heating upon high-intensity light irradiation is still missing. This work proposes a simple analytical model for such a problem, taking into account material properties changes caused by the heating. It allows us to derive a new general critical coupling condition for the nonlinear case, requiring a counterintuitive initial spectral mismatch between the pumping light frequency and the resonant one. Based on the suggested strategy, we develop an optimized design for efficient nonlinear optical heating, which employs a cylindrical nanoparticle supporting the quasi bound state in the continuum mode (quasi-BIC or so-called ‘super-cavity mode’) excited by the incident azimuthal vector beam. Our approach provides a background for various nonlinear experiments related to optical heating and bistability, where self-action of the intense laser beam can change resonant properties of the irradiated nanostructure.
Determining and Grounding: The Twofold Function of the Transcendental Dialectic
Authors: Bunte Martin
Published: May 2022

For a long time, the transcendental dialectic was not at the center of Kant scholarship but was often treated simply as Kant’s reckoning with contemporary metaphysics. Accordingly, the main interest was in the transcendental analytic, especially the transcendental deduction. It is all the more gratifying that in recent times a rethinking seems to be taking place on this issue. In the following, I shall attempt to show why the transcendental dialectic is something more than an addendum to the core business of the Critique of Pure Reason. Rather, it forms the culmination of the work, demanding our full attention. Indeed, it provides the key to the entire critical philosophy by exhibiting reason itself as the ultimate founding principle in the form of its Idea.
The flow and heat transfer characteristics of DPF porous media with different structures based on LBM
Authors: Yang Qirong , Zhang Tiechen , Liu Xiaori , Qin Bo , Song Minghao , Shen Boxiong
Published: May 2022

To study the flow and heat transfer characteristics of diesel particulate filter wall porous media, Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) is used to simulate and analyze different structures in this article. On studying the heat transfer and flow characteristics of regular structures such as parallel and staggered structures, it is proved that the distribution of porous media structure has an effect on the heat transfer and flow characteristics. The effects of different structure distributions on the flow and heat transfer characteristics are analyzed by studying the complex structures such as random structure and the structure of Quartet Structure Generation Set (QSGS). The influences of different fiber diameters on the parameters under the parallel arrangement, the staggered arrangement, and the random arrangement is considered. The flow and heat transfer characteristics of the QSGS structure and Sierpinski carpets structure are also considered. Under the same porosity, different fiber diameters have effect on dimensionless permeability coefficient, pressure gradient, and filtration efficiency. The different structures of porous media affect the temperature and pressure distribution. For the relatively complex structure, the flow resistance is greater. The increase in Re will reduce the temperature gradient, and with the increase in Re, the flow in the structure will be more uniform.
Green protocols for Tsuji–Trost allylation: an overview
Authors: Bhattacharya Suchandra , Basu Basudeb
Published: May 2022

Since its inception in 1960s, the Tsuji–Trost reaction, an allylic substitution reaction with diverse nucleophiles such as phenols, amines, thiols, and active methylene compounds, has remained as one of the most useful and widely used organic reactions for the construction of C–C and C–heteroatom bonds. Allylic compounds such as allylic acetates, alcohols, halides, and carbonates undergo this transformation which plays an important role in the total synthesis of various natural products. The competence to incorporate synthetically demanding allylic functionalities makes it a beneficial tool for the synthesis of complex molecules. Over the last two decades, major advancements for this unique and facile Tsuji–Trost allylation reaction have been made with special emphasis to develop greener and sustainable protocols. This chapter presents an update on the significant progress focusing on the newly designed catalytic systems with high efficiency, the use of eco-friendly solvents or solvent-free conditions, low or room temperature conditions and waste management, along with future outlook.
The chemistry insight: epoxy sealant as an alternative remedial operation for well integrity
Authors: Ab Rahman Siti Aisha , Pang Ai Ling , Arsad Agus , Sidek Akhmal , Saidu Anwarudin , Awang Nuha , Mohsin Rahmat , Abdurrahman Muslim
Published: May 2022

Epoxy resin is commonly used in the oil and gas industry due to its excellent toughness, low shrinkage, good adhesive strength, and relatively good thermal resistance. It is used for water shutoff, zonal isolation, cementing, enhanced oil recovery, and preventing leakage in wells. This paper reviews the chemistry aspect of using an epoxy resin system as a sealant to prevent well leakage and it offers insights into the chemistry of the epoxy resin system, as applied in previous studies. The paper also unveils the reasons for the application of this system from the chemistry perspective, allowing this aspect to be better understood. Success in the investigated cases depended on the formulation design. The epoxide and hydroxyl functional groups have been found to contribute substantially to the excellent performance of the sealant system. Furthermore, the amine curing agent triggers the abrupt reaction of the oxirane ring to stabilise when the cured sealant is perfectly applied. Based on the findings, it is suggested that other types of epoxies, namely epoxidised oils, require further study. Finally, in terms of safety and sustainable energy, it is suggested that more curing agent and diluent studies are undertaken.
The visual expression of temporal concepts in visual narratives
Authors: Yang Xiran
Published: May 2022

This study examines the visual representation of diegetic time in visual narrative stories, and explores why the invisible diegetic time flow could be expressed through visible elements, and how patterns and textures could be used to specify states of happenings. The study demonstrates that metaphorical relations between time and space are visually realized in visual narratives, leading to the representation of diegetic time and its related concepts on different levels of two-dimensional space. The segmentation of page space and the visual components within panel space are employed to build a diegetic timeline as well as specify temporal aspects of actions and states in visual narrative stories. Neuroscientific evidence which suggests that a common metric is used to compute magnitudes of time and space in the human brain might help explain why time as an abstract concept could undergo visual materialization in visual narratives.
Redundancies of traffic signs: an exploratory study
Authors: Dudek Michał
Published: May 2022

Against the background of studies on redundancy in law that completely omit the visual element in law and of studies on traffic signs that are laconic about their redundancies, the present study proposes more focused investigation into the redundancies of traffic signs. After presentation of the broader context of existing studies on traffic signs and on redundancy in law, and following a discussion of the direct inspiration for embarking upon research into this topic, the article moves to present and discuss six proposed types of redundancies of signs. Utilizing Franciszek Studnicki’s distinction between sign-types and sign-realizations, and given that traffic signs exist in various complicated relationships with each other, with written formulations in legal texts, and with the environments in which they are placed, the study comments on six types of redundancy: (1) sign-type–basic task(s) of road traffic law; (2) of sign-type’s elements; (3) sign-type–sign-type; (4) sign-type–legal text; (5) sign-realization–sign-realization; and (6) sign-realization–environment. Analysis of each type is supported through examples, various subdivisions, and additional lines of inquiry. The study has value for both strictly theoretical and more practical enterprises related both to traffic signs themselves and to the wider realm of visualization of norms.
Student partnership to achieve cultural change
Authors: Gamote Shuab , Edmead Leonie , Stewart Bethany , Patrick Tamara , Hamshire Claire , Forsyth Rachel
Published: May 2022

This case study offers reflections on a student-led collaboration between the university and its student representative body (the Students’ Union) and outlines the successes and challenges of partnership to address institutional cultural change. The project was set up to improve students’ experiences and raise awareness of the existence of differential outcomes between Black, Asian, or minority ethnic (BAME) and white students and to promote strategies to build meaningful relationships through the development of internal and external networks. It was led by 11 BAME student ambassadors who developed and delivered campaigns and events for students and who linked with university staff and the Students’ Union to represent students’ views on ways to achieve positive change on campus. Partnership working was essential to enable the student ambassadors to develop trust, make their own changes, and influence key decision makers across the University.
Student pedagogical partnerships to advance inclusive teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Addy Tracie Marcella , Berkove Ethan , Borzone Manuela , Butler Mike , Cham Fatimata , DeSaussure Annie , Exarhos Annemarie , Mancuso Mark , Rizk Monica , Rossmann Tobias , Ruebeck Christopher , Younas Hamna
Published: May 2022

The current health crisis brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic not only had a global impact, it also exacerbated the inequalities experienced by students of diverse backgrounds in the United States. Implementing inclusive and anti-racist pedagogical practices has gained a heightened and overdue sense of urgency, especially during the period of emergency remote teaching. At Lafayette College, a small liberal arts college in Pennsylvania, USA, the Inclusive Instructors Academy is a semester-long program aimed at supporting faculty from all disciplines to develop and incorporate inclusive practices that promote equity and belonging in their teaching. A critical aspect of the Inclusive Instructors Academy is its employment of student fellows under the Student-as-Partners model. The student fellows who participated in Fall 2020 and Spring 2021 provided feedback to their faculty partners on inclusive teaching approaches. This case study highlights how student-faculty partnerships can be a highly effective strategy for fostering more socially just learning environments.
Living a student-faculty partnership
Authors: Poon Amy Fong-Yuk , O'Flynn-Magee Kathy , Rodney Patricia , Radu Raluca , Turner Hannah , Burnay Marta , Griffin Alanna , Dooner Caryn , Esson Lynne , Ong Su Han , Proznick Kate , Maitland Skye , Larsen Kirsten , Choi Agnes , Dhari Ranjit
Published: May 2022

Student and faculty collaborations are gaining recognition in higher education as an approach to optimise learning and the relationships embedded within education. However, existing hierarchies and power structures in academia often limit the nature of student-faculty partnerships. The student and faculty authors of this paper have an ongoing partnership within a project to address bullying in nursing education. The CRAB project (Cognitive Rehearsal to Address Bullying), is an initiative that is not only relevant for, and partnered with, students, but also initiated by them. The authors of this paper were interested in understanding what determined the success of the partnership. As a group, we reflect on the processes of collaboration, from creating innovative educational resources to co-authoring scholarly publications. Using verbatim quotes from the authors, we also explore the nature of the partnership along with the benefits and challenges from both student and faculty authors’ perspectives.
The Danger of Emergent Opportunities: Perverse Incentives, Climate Change, and Arctic Shipping
Authors: Knight Adam , Hastey Joshua
Published: May 2022

The receding perennial ice sheets over the polar north have fueled interest in the possibilities for new shipping routes through Arctic waters as well as concern over growing incentives for competition in the region. While these incentives are likely to become more prevalent as Arctic ice continues to melt, to date the existing institutions dedicated to promoting cooperation in the Arctic have largely proven themselves up to the task. We examine four broad developments—increased access to new sea lanes of communication and maritime resources, ongoing disputes over Arctic claims and growing militarization of the Arctic, weakening cohesion in Arctic institutions of governance, and growing extralegal patterns of behavior among Arctic states—which, taken together, challenge the capacity of existing Arctic and maritime institutions to promote cooperation in the region. Each of these trends is troubling in isolation, but when viewed together, their effects show that the behaviors incentivized by an increasingly accessible Arctic have counterintuitively worsened the prospects for cooperation and international commerce in the Far North.
Twenty-First-Century Capitalism: A Research Agenda
Authors: Sell Susan K
Published: May 2022

Twenty-first-century capitalism is fundamentally different from the neoliberalism of the late twentieth century. The prominence of finance, intellectual property (IP) protection, and digital platform businesses raises new regulatory challenges. Monopoly dominance has replaced market fundamentalism. This commentary proposes a research agenda for twenty-first-century capitalism in the interests of identifying, examining, and considering a range of potential regulatory and governance solutions to promote social resilience in an anxious world.
Structural, electronic, and optical properties of sphalerite ZnS compounds calculated using density functional theory (DFT)
Authors:   Department of Physics, College of Sciences, University of Kirkuk, Iraq, Ghaleb A. M. , Ahmed A. Q. ,   Department of Physics, College of Sciences, University of Kirkuk, Iraq
Published: May 2022

"This work studies the structure, electronic and optical properties of zinc blende ZnS by the use of the density functional theory (DFT) on the implemented in CASTEP code. In the generalized gradient approximation (GGA-PBESOL) and in the local density approximation (LDA) and, the exchange–correlation energy and band gap energies were measured. The estimated outcomes lattice constant, bulk modulus elastic constant agrees very well with the existing experiments and theories of data in structural optimization. Our calculated, direct band gap 2.23eV for LDA and 2.078eV for GGA, at the G point, agrees very Weill with the experiments. Also, we have measured the total (DOS) and partial (PDOS) densities of states. Furthermore, the absorption coefficient outcome is discussed in different incident phonon energies which was compared to the available experimental data."
Optical and dielectric dispersion in the Ge/In2Se3/Ga2S3 interfaces
Authors:   Departments of Physics, Arab American University, Jenin, Palestine, Qasrawi A. F. , Omareya O. A. ,   Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Istinye University, 34010, Istanbul, Turkey
Published: May 2022

"In this article, the optical and dielectric performance of the Ge, Ge/In2Se3 and Ge/In2Se3/Ga2S3 interfaces are reported and discussed. The growth nature of the physically vacuum deposited thin film layers is investigated by means of X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Each 200 nm thick layer exhibited an amorphous type of crystallization with appropriate atomic stoichiometry. Optically, the Ge/In2Se3/Ga2S3 system is found to exhibit a conduction and a valence band offsets of values of 0.53 and 0.47 eV at the Ge/In2Se3 and of values of 0.30 and 0.70 eV at the In2Se3/Ga2S3 interfaces, respectively. The values are high enough to actualize quantum confinements in the heterojunction device. The formed double and three layers displayed higher light absorbability than single layers. On the other hand, the dielectric dispersion analysis has shown a wide tunability in the dielectric property in visible light and near IR regions. The dielectric responses at the Ge/In2Se3 and at the Ge/In2Se3/Ga2S3 interfaces are linear below 2.10 eV and 1.53 eV, respectively. The modeling of the dielectric function revealed the optical conductivity parameters presented by the drift mobility, scattering time, plasmon frequency and free electron density. It was observed that the quantum condiment at the Ge/In2Se3 interfaces improved both of the drift mobility and made the scattering time longer at femtosecond levels. The establishing of the second quantum confinement at the second interface In2Se3/Ga2S3 raised the drift mobility more and extended the scattering time further. With the estimated plasmon frequencies, the formation of the Ge/In2Se3/Ga2S3 interface appears to be promising for use in optoelectronic device production especially in photodetection issues. "
Nickel sulfide nanoparticles on alumina and unsupported for p-chloroaniline production
Authors:   Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, National Autonomous University of Mexico (CNyN-UNAM), Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada- Km 107, CP 22860, Ensenada, B. C., México, Olivas A. , Rodríguez J. R. ,   PCeIM, CNyN-UNAM, Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada Km 107, CP 22860, Ensenada, B. C., México, Cardenas-Lizana F. ,   Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Science, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH 14 4AS, Scotland, United Kingdom, Cota-Leal M. ,   Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, National Autonomous University of Mexico (CNyN-UNAM), Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada- Km 107, CP 22860, Ensenada, B. C., México, Keane M. A. ,   Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Science, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH 14 4AS, Scotland, United Kingdom
Published: May 2022

Due to the need for producing intermediate chemicals such as p-chloroaniline (p-CA) using more environmentally friendly and efficient processes, nanostructured nickel and nickel sulfide-based catalysts were synthesized and studied. The selective pchloronitrobenzene (p-CNB) gas-phase hydrogenation to produce p-CA was tested. The catalysts were characterized by N2 physisorption (SBET), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The catalytic activity was evaluated in terms of conversion and selectivity towards p-CNB and p-CA, respectively. Based on the experimental results, the addition of sulfur promoted the selectivity towards p-CA in a range of temperature from 120 to 220 ºC. The selectivity towards p-CA was close to 100 %, avoiding the formation of undesirable side products. Therefore, it is suggested that sulfured-Ni based catalysts increase the surface acidity, which allowed improved hydrogenolysis of the N-O bond.