bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERBANDINGAN KARAKTERISTIK SEWA MENYEWA KONVENSIONAL DAN SEWA MENYEWA JARINGAN TELEKOMUNIKASI
Authors: Wauran Caesar Fortunus
Published: July 2017

Abstrak

UU Telekomunikasi mengisyaratkan bahwa hubungan hukum yang terjadi antara penyelenggara jaringan telekomunikasi dan penyelenggara jasa telekomunikasi adalah sewa menyewa. Namun, sewa-menyewa yang dimaksud mempunyai perbedaan karakteristik dengan sewa menyewa secara konvensional. Tulisan ini berusaha membandingkan kedua perjanjian tersebut dilihat dari hakikat, para pihak, lahirnya hubungan hukum, bentuk, objek sewa, hak dan kewajiban para pihak, dan berakhirnya hubungan hukum.

Abstract
The Indonesian Telecommunication Act indicates that the legal relationship existing between the network provider and the telecommuication service operator is basically a leasing. However, the leasing relationship between those two parties is somewhat different from the conventional one. This paper compares this particular leasing with its conventional counterpart in terms of its nature, parties, form, object, the rights and duties of respective parties and the termination of the legal relationship.
LANDASAN FILOSOFIS PENGATURAN PASAR MODAL DI INDONESIA: HARAPAN DAN KENYATAAN
Authors: Hutajulu Marihot Janpieter
Published: July 2017

Abstrak

 

Keberadaan pasar modal di Indonesia dibutuhkan mengingat peranannya yang penting untuk menyokong kondisi perekonomian negara. Namun pasar modal sebagai lembaga yang berasal dari sistem ekonomi liberal-kapitalistik tidak serta merta dapat dengan mudah diadopsi dan diatur tanpa disesuaikan dengan filosofi bangsa Indonesia. Melalui tulisan ini, Penulis hendak menganalisis kesesuaian tujuan pengaturan dan pengembangan pasar modal di Indonesia dengan konsep Negara Kesejahteraan Indonesia pasca Amandemen Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945. Analisis tulisan ini menyimpulkan bahwa tujuan pengembangan pasar modal Indonesia adalah mewujudkan masyarakat yang adil dan makmur, namun tujuan pengaturan pasar modal itu sendiri belum sesuai dengan konsep negara kesejahteraan Indonesia serta belum memenuhi harapan konstitusional bangsa ini.

 

Abstract

In Indonesia the existence of capital market is needed considering the important role to support the country's economy. But the capital market as an institution derived from the liberal-capitalistic economic system can not necessarily be adopted and arranged without adjustment to the philosophy of the Indonesian nation. Through this article, the author analyzes the suitability of regulation and development of capital markets in Indonesia with the concept of Indonesian welfare state after the amendment to the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia of 1945. The analysis of this paper draws a conclusion that the purpose of the Indonesian capital market development is to realize a just and prosperous society, but the goal of the capital market regulation itself is not in accordance with the concept of Indonesia as well as the concept of welfare state and thus has not met expectations of the nation's constitutional expectations.

 
From the Pampa to the Mashriq: Arab-Argentine Philanthropy Networks
Authors: Balloffet Lily Pearl
Published: July 2017

This article analyzes the sphere of institutionalized charity operated by Argentines with heritage ties to the Middle East in the first half of the twentieth century. This study places women’s work at the center of an analysis of local and transnational networks, as well as the fostering of cultural production within the diaspora. In doing so, it reveals women’s work as a lens for delineating important connections between diasporic populations in the provinces and the federal capital of Argentina. The philanthropic projects that generated these links also provide insight into the lives and financial choices of other groups—such as rural and proletarian Arab-Argentines—who are often peripheral to Mahjar historiography.
Introduction: Sites of Identity Among Middle Eastern Diasporas in North America
Authors: Dueck Jennifer , Jacoby Tami Amanda
Published: July 2017

Introduction to the special section: “Being Middle Eastern in North America: Conceptions of Space and Identity.”
Memorialization and Assimilation: Armenian Genocide Memorials in North America
Authors: Robson Laura
Published: July 2017

The Armenian National Institute lists forty-five Armenian genocide memorials in the United States and five more in Canada. Nearly all were built after 1980, with a significant majority appearing only after 2000. These memorials, which represent a considerable investment of time, energy, and money on the part of diasporic Armenian communities across the continent, followed quite deliberately on the pattern and rhetoric of the public Jewish American memorialization of the Holocaust that began in the 1970s. They tend to represent the Armenian diasporic story in toto as one of violent persecution, genocide, and rehabilitation within a white American immigrant sphere, with the purpose of projecting and promoting a fundamentally recognizable story about diaspora integration and accomplishment. This article argues that the decision publicly to represent the Armenian genocide as parallel to the Holocaust served as a mode of assimilation by attaching diaspora histories to an already­recognized narrative of European Jewish immigrant survival and assimilation, but also by disassociating Armenians from Middle Eastern diaspora communities facing considerable public backlash after the Iranian hostage crisis of 1980 and again after September 11, 2001.
日本語とインドネシア語の「説明の会話」におけるあいづちの使用 −感情の機能のあいづちをめぐって−
Authors: Apriyanto Okie Dita
Published: July 2017

日本語母語話者は他の言語話者よりあいづちを打つと言われている。しかし、インドネシア語を母語とする日本語学習者はあいづちが少ないため、日本語母語話者に話の内容が分かっていないなどと誤解されることが多い。本稿では、「説明の会話」の録音を両言語で実施し、文字化したものを分析資料とし、得られた資料をあいづちの形式と機能の二つの観点から分析し、日本語とインドネシア語のあいづちを対照した。特に、本校では、会話データに見られる【感情】の機能を果たすあいづちを詳しく分析した。【感情】を表すあいづちの形式という観点からは、両言語でいくつかの類似点が見られた。日本語とインドネシア語では「コメント」の形式のあいづちが感情を表すときに使用されるということが分かり、両言語でも、「わあ」という形式のあいづちが「驚き」という【感情】を表すために使われているということができる。「感心」という【感情】を表すための「ほお」という形式のあいづちの使用は両言語の会話において見られ、「へえ」という形式は「意外な情報」への【内容理解】と「関心」という【感情】を表すために使用され、他のあいづち形式との使用も両言語の会話データで見られた。 キーワード：あいづち、会話、感情、機能、対照研究
Pengaruh Exchange Rate dan GDP Terhadap Ekspor dan Impor Indonesia
Authors: Adi Lumadya
Published: July 2017

The purpose this research is to examine the impact of Exchange Rate and GDP on Indonesia’s Export and Import. Tools analysis is Dynamics Ordinary Least Square (DOLS): Error Correction Model (ECM). The result are: 1. GDP influence positif and significant in short-term and longterm relationship on Indonesia’s impor; 2. Exchange Rate influence positif and significant in short-term and longterm relationship on Indonesia’s impor; 3. GDP influence positif and significant in short-term but negatif and significant in longterm relationship on Indonesia’s export; 4. Exchange rate influence positif and significant in short-term but negatif and significant in longterm relationship on Indonesia’s export.Keywords: error correction model, gdp, exchange rate, impor, ekspor
IMPLEMENTASI ALGORITMA MODIFIKASI BROYDEN-FLETCHER-GOLDFARB-SHANNO (MBFGS)
Authors: Standsyah Rahmawati Erma
Published: July 2017

The concept of minimum resolving set has proved to be useful and or related to a variety of fields such as Chemistry, Robotic Navigation, and Combinatorial Search and Optimization. Two graph are path graph (𝑃𝑛) anf circle graph (𝐶𝑚). The corona product 𝑃𝑛 ⨀𝐶𝑚 is defined as the graph obtained from 𝑃𝑛and 𝐶𝑚 by taking one copi of 𝑃𝑛 and 𝑚1copies of 𝐶𝑚 and joining by an edge each vertex from the 𝑛𝑡ℎ copy of 𝑃𝑛 with the 𝑚𝑡ℎ vertex of 𝐶𝑚. 𝑃𝑛 ⨀ 𝐶𝑚 and 𝐶𝑚⨀𝑃𝑛 not commute to 𝑛≠𝑚, it is showed that order of graph 𝑃𝑛 ⨀ 𝐶𝑚 different with graph 𝐶𝑚⨀𝑃𝑛. Based on research obtained 𝑑𝑖𝑚(𝑃𝑛⨀𝐶𝑚)=𝑛.𝑑𝑖𝑚(𝑊1,𝑚) dan 𝑑𝑖𝑚(𝐶𝑚⨀𝑃𝑛)=𝑚.𝑑𝑖𝑚 (𝐾1+𝑃𝑛)Keyword : Resolving Sets, Metric Dimension, Path Graph, Circle Graph, Corona Graph
ANALISIS PENERAPAN PRINSIP-PRINSIP KOPERASI DALAM UNDANG-UNDANG KOPERASI (Studi Undang-Undang No. 25 Tahun 1992 dan Undang-Undang No.17 Tahun 2012)
Authors: Rohmat Aji Basuki
Published: July 2017

Studied law build cooperative efforts very closely related to the economic system adopted by a State, because the legal build cooperative efforts is to learn about the ideology, ideology andeconomic system adopted by the State. Implementation of the application of the Act cooperative must pay attention to the development of co-operative principles are applied internationally, in this case the cooperative principles set out the International Cooperative Alliance and other business practices. This study uses normative juridical approach, in which the specification of research using descriptive analysis that researchers seek will describe the application of the principle of cooperation in an Act. The results obtained show that Law No.25 of 1992 on Cooperatives have applied the principles of cooperative and is in conformity with Article 33 paragraph (1) and paragraph (4) of the Constitution of 1945. In order to repair and renewal of cooperative law , Cooperative Act 25 of 1992 in 2012 renewed by Act 17 of 2012. However, Act 17 of 2012, by most practitioners and cooperative actors considered incompatible with the cooperative identity, so is referred Judicial Review as to Law 17 of 2012 to the Constitutional Court. In its decision the Constitutional Court annul the Cooperative Act 17 of 2012, Since the Act 17 of 2012 is contrary to Article 33 paragraph (1) and (4) of the Act of 1945
SEMANGAT PEMBAHARUAN DAN PENEGAKAN HUKUM INDONESIA DALAM PERSPEKTIF SOCIOLOGICAL JURISPRUDENCE
Authors: Junaidi Muhammad
Published: July 2017

The spirit of renewal and law enforcement is often considered only based on a process of renewal and change the old Act to the new Act. If the renewal and law enforcement just conceived so, then the law will continue to be considered not present in the midst of society as part of the settlement of the problem. As a solution needs to be established is to integrate the spirit of renewal and law enforcement collaborated with social reality. Thus the ideal model is expected become law unifying identity as an expression of popular sovereignty and the pattern of State laws harmonization purposes.
Kajian Filosofis berparadigma Positivisme : Pelaksanaan Corporate Social Responsibility sebagai Kewajiban menurut Undang-Undang dalam Mewujudkan Good Corporate Governance
Authors: Listyawati Peni Rinda
Published: July 2017

Positivism point of view can be declared as valid if it is specified by the institution or the competent authority and based on the rule of higher and not hung on moral values. That legal norm as we know is the Act.Law is a manifestation of the will of the government or can be said as way to arrange something in order to achieve the objectives as  it is mentioned in the political law contained in the preamble or a general description. Furthermore, the Government has enacted the Corporate Law which is found in Article 74. This article set of Social and Environmental Responsibility (Corporate Social Responsibility). The fundamental question is why CSR including ethical conduct/ morality of a company, is included into law which must be implemented by the company? This question can not be answered by jurisprudence that has a limited scope. Since it only study about the norms or rules (laws). Moreover, when this condition occurs, it will go to be the object of philosophical discussion.Article 74 of Law No. 40 of 2007 has demonstrated that moral action can be increased its power to become law. Social and environmental responsibility norm become a legal obligation. It rules policy to create Acts and give sanction. The basic value is that the company in business activity has caused negative impacts resulting in losses for the community. In addition, CSR is responsible on the principle of sustainable development. Thereby, by implementing Corporate Social Responsibility properly, it will create Good Corporate Governance (GCG)
Analisis Yuridis Normatif dan Hukum Islam Terhadap Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 30-74/PUU-XII/2014 Tentang Batas Usia Perkawinan Anak (Perempuan)
Authors: Haikal Hasanain
Published: July 2017

Islam knows no age limits, the foundation in this case is strong enough for the Prophet of Islam himself married Siti Aisyah at the age of 6 years. so from the point of view of Islamic law looks no gap. but Islam does not stress if the condition is in a state of emergency can be changed law will follow the situation. The Court rejected the applicant's judicial review, the Court assesses the applicant's argument is groundless and rejected applicants for all. Judges consider that the need for an age limit for women in particular adapted to many aspects, such as health, social, cultural, and economic. In fact, there is no guarantee an increase in the age limit for women to marry from 15 to 18 years would reduce the divorce rate, tackling health problems, as well as other social issues. To prevent child marriage is a big issue, according to the Court not only by the limitations of age alone. There is a possibility, if it is based on various aspects of the development of social economy, culture, and technology, 18 years of age can be lower or even higher.
Numerical Study of Wall Shear and Velocities Using a Commercial CFD Code: Some Crucial Aspects to Consider
Authors: Baidar Binaya
Published: July 2017

This paper presents the numerical prediction of wall shear and velocities in steady and superposed pulsatile turbulent flow in a pipe, the phenomena that can be observed in hydropower. The previously conducted experiment is a base for this study and some crucial aspects of CFD while using a commercial code have been emphasized. The widely-accepted grid convergence index approach is adopted to quantify the discretization uncertainty and the results are validated against the experiment. The influence of the wall functions applied in the code is also studied with two turbulence models: standard k-ε and kω based SST model. The time-averaged results of superposed flow with small amplitude unsteadiness are equivalent to results from the steady flow. The results and the method used in this paper may be useful for the CFD simulations in hydropower applications like penstock and bifurcations designs. HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water Energy and EnvironmentIssue: 21, July, 2017Page: 45-49Upload Date: July 20, 2017
Analysis and Diagnosis of the Agrarian System in the Niayes Region, Northwest Senegal (West Africa)
Authors: Fare Yohann , Dufumier Marc , Loloum Myriam , Miss Fanny , Pouye Alassane , Khastalani Ahmat , Fall Adama
Published: July 2017

The agrarian system Analysis and Diagnosis is used for this study, the goal of which was to provide a corpus of basic knowledge and elements of reflection necessary for the understanding the Niayes farming systems dynamics in Senegal, West Africa. Such holistic work has never been done before for this small region that provides the majority of vegetables in the area, thanks to its microclimate and access to fresh water in an arid country. Reading of the landscape and historical interviews coupled with fine-tuned household surveys were used to build a typology of agricultural production units (each type being represented by a production system). The main phases within the region’s history were distinguished. Before colonization, agriculture was based on gathering and shifting agriculture (millet and peanut) in the southern region and transhumant stockbreeding in the North. During colonization, market gardening became a source of income as a response to cities’ increasing demand. Two major droughts (in the 1970s and 1980s) have accelerated this movement. Extension of market gardening areas and intensification of activities were made possible by Sahelian migrants’ influx and the creation of mbeye seddo, a contract that allows for sharing added value between the employer and seasonal workers, named sourghas. Over the past 20 years, the “race for motorization” has created important social gaps (added value sharing deserves review) and a risk of overexploitation of groundwater.
A Cultural Conscience for Conservation
Authors: Good Caroline , Burnham Dawn , Macdonald David
Published: July 2017

On 2 July 2015, the killing of a lion nicknamed “Cecil” prompted the largest global reaction in the history of wildlife conservation. In response to this, it is propitious to consider the ways in which this moment can be developed into a financial movement to transform the conservation of species such as the lion that hold cultural significance and sentiment but whose numbers in the wild are dwindling dangerously. This provocative piece explores how a species royalty could be used effectively by drawing revenue from the heavy symbolic use of charismatic animals in affluent economies. This would, in turn, reduce strain on limited government funds in threatened animals’ native homelands. Three potential areas of lucrative animal symbolism—fashion, sports mascots, and national animals—provide examples of the kind of revenue that could be created from a species royalty. These examples also demonstrate how this royalty could prove to be a desirable means by which both corporations and consumers could positively develop their desired selves while simultaneously contributing to a relevant and urgent cause. These examples intend to ignite a multi-disciplinary conversation on the global cultural economy’s use of endangered species symbols. An overhaul in perspective and practice is needed because time is running out for much of the wildlife and their ecosystems that embellish products and embody anthropocentric business identities.
Ranging Behaviour of Commercial Free-Range Broiler Chickens 2: Individual Variation
Authors: Taylor Peta , Hemsworth Paul , Groves Peter , Gebhardt-Henrich Sabine , Rault Jean-Loup
Published: July 2017

Little is known about broiler chicken ranging behaviour. Previous studies have monitored ranging behaviour at flock level but whether individual ranging behaviour varies within a flock is unknown. Using Radio Frequency Identification technology, we tracked 1200 individual ROSS 308 broiler chickens across four mixed sex flocks in two seasons on one commercial farm. Ranging behaviour was tracked from first day of range access (21 days of age) until 35 days of age in winter flocks and 44 days of age in summer flocks. We identified groups of chickens that differed in frequency of range visits: chickens that never accessed the range (13 to 67% of tagged chickens), low ranging chickens (15 to 44% of tagged chickens) that accounted for <15% of all range visits and included chickens that used the range only once (6 to 12% of tagged chickens), and high ranging chickens (3 to 9% of tagged chickens) that accounted for 33 to 50% of all range visits. Males spent longer on the range than females in winter (p < 0.05). Identifying the causes of inter-individual variation in ranging behaviour may help optimise ranging opportunities in free-range systems and is important to elucidate the potential welfare implications of ranging.
The History and Perspectives of Efficiency at Maximum Power of the Carnot Engine
Authors: Feidt Michel
Published: July 2017

Finite Time Thermodynamics is generally associated with the Curzon–Ahlborn approach to the Carnot cycle. Recently, previous publications on the subject were discovered, which prove that the history of Finite Time Thermodynamics started more than sixty years before even the work of Chambadal and Novikov (1957). The paper proposes a careful examination of the similarities and differences between these pioneering works and the consequences they had on the works that followed. The modelling of the Carnot engine was carried out in three steps, namely (1) modelling with time durations of the isothermal processes, as done by Curzon and Ahlborn; (2) modelling at a steady-state operation regime for which the time does not appear explicitly; and (3) modelling of transient conditions which requires the time to appear explicitly. Whatever the method of modelling used, the subsequent optimization appears to be related to specific physical dimensions. The main goal of the methodology is to choose the objective function, which here is the power, and to define the associated constraints. We propose a specific approach, focusing on the main functions that respond to engineering requirements. The study of the Carnot engine illustrates the synthesis carried out and proves that the primary interest for an engineer is mainly connected to what we called Finite (physical) Dimensions Optimal Thermodynamics, including time in the case of transient modelling.
The Extended Baryonic Halo of NGC 3923
Authors: Miller Bryan , Ahumada Tomás , Puzia Thomas , Candlish Graeme , McGaugh Stacy , Mihos J. , Sanderson Robyn , Schirmer Mischa , Smith Rory , Taylor Matthew
Published: July 2017

Galaxy halos and their globular cluster systems build up over time by the accretion of small satellites. We can learn about this process in detail by observing systems with ongoing accretion events and comparing the data with simulations. Elliptical shell galaxies are systems that are thought to be due to ongoing or recent minor mergers. We present preliminary results of an investigation of the baryonic halo—light profile, globular clusters, and shells/streams—of the shell galaxy NGC 3923 from deep Dark Energy Camera (DECam) g and i-band imaging. We present the 2D and radial distributions of the globular cluster candidates out to a projected radius of about 185 kpc, or ∼ 37 R e , making this one of the most extended cluster systems studied. The total number of clusters implies a halo mass of M h ∼ 3 × 10 13 M ⊙ . Previous studies had identified between 22 and 42 shells, making NGC 3923 the system with the largest number of shells. We identify 23 strong shells and 11 that are uncertain. Future work will measure the halo mass and mass profile from the radial distributions of the shell, N-body models, and line-of-sight velocity distribution (LOSVD) measurements of the shells using the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE).
Antimicrobial Properties of Selected Copper Alloys on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in Different Simulations of Environmental Conditions: With vs. without Organic Contamination
Authors: Różańska Anna , Chmielarczyk Agnieszka , Romaniszyn Dorota , Sroka-Oleksiak Agnieszka , Bulanda Małgorzata , Walkowicz Monika , Osuch Piotr , Knych Tadeusz
Published: July 2017

Background: Hospital equipment made from copper alloys can play an important role in complementing traditional methods of disinfection. Aims of the study: The aim of this study was to assess the dynamics of the antimicrobial properties of selected copper alloys in different simulations of environmental conditions (with organic contamination vs. without organic contamination), and to test alternatives to the currently used testing methods. Materials and Methods: A modification of Japanese standard JIS Z 2801 as well as Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Escherichia coli (EC) suspended in NaCl vs. tryptic soy broth (TSB) were used in tests performed on seven commonly used copper alloys, copper, and stainless steel. Results: A much faster reduction of the bacterial suspension was observed for the inoculum prepared in NaCl than in TSB. A faster reduction for EC than for SA was observed in the inoculum prepared in NaCl. The opposite results were found for the inoculum based on TSB. A significant correlation between the copper concentration in the copper alloys and the time and degree of bacterial suspension reduction was only observed in the case of EC. Conclusions: This study confirmed the antimicrobial properties of copper alloys, and additionally showed that Staphylococcus aureus was more resistant than Escherichia coli in the variant of the experiment without organic contamination. However, even for SA, a total reduction of the bacterial inoculum’s density took no longer than 2 h. Under conditions simulating organic contamination, all of the tested alloys were shown to have bactericidal or bacteriostatic properties, which was contrary to the results from stainless steel.
An Array Database Approach for Earth Observation Data Management and Processing
Authors: Tan Zhenyu , Yue Peng , Gong Jianya
Published: July 2017

Over the past few years, Earth Observation (EO) has been continuously generating much spatiotemporal data that serves for societies in resource surveillance, environment protection, and disaster prediction. The proliferation of EO data poses great challenges in current approaches for data management and processing. Nowadays, the Array Database technologies show great promise in managing and processing EO Big Data. This paper suggests storing and processing EO data as multidimensional arrays based on state-of-the-art array database technologies. A multidimensional spatiotemporal array model is proposed for EO data with specific strategies for mapping spatial coordinates to dimensional coordinates in the model transformation. It allows consistent query semantics in databases and improves the in-database computing by adopting unified array models in databases for EO data. Our approach is implemented as an extension to SciDB, an open-source array database. The test shows that it gains much better performance in the computation compared with traditional databases. A forest fire simulation study case is presented to demonstrate how the approach facilitates the EO data management and in-database computation.
New Insights into the Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Preeclampsia
Authors: Espino Y. Sosa Salvador , Flores-Pliego Arturo , Espejel-Nuñez Aurora , Medina-Bastidas Diana , Vadillo-Ortega Felipe , Zaga-Clavellina Veronica , Estrada-Gutierrez Guadalupe
Published: July 2017

Preeclampsia is a severe pregnancy complication globally, characterized by poor placentation triggering vascular dysfunction. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) exhibit proteolytic activity implicated in the efficiency of trophoblast invasion to the uterine wall, and a dysregulation of these enzymes has been linked to preeclampsia. A decrease in MMP-2 and MMP-9 interferes with the normal remodeling of spiral arteries at early pregnancy stages, leading to the initial pathophysiological changes observed in preeclampsia. Later in pregnancy, an elevation in MMP-2 and MMP-9 induces abnormal release of vasoactive factors conditioning hypertension. Although these two enzymes lead the scene, other MMPs like MMP-1 and MMP-14 seem to have a role in this pathology. This review gathers published recent evidence about the implications of different MMPs in preeclampsia, and the potential use of these enzymes as emergent biomarkers and biological therapeutic targets, focusing on studies involving human subjects.
Squeeze Film Air Damping in Tapping Mode Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Zhao Yang , Huang Qiangxian , Zhang Liansheng , Zhang Yong , Cheng Rongjun
Published: July 2017

In dynamic plowing lithography, the sample surface is indented using a vibrating tip in tapping mode atomic force microscopy. During writing, the gap between the cantilever and the sample surface is very small, usually on the order of micrometers. High vibration frequency and small distance induce squeeze film air damping from the air in the gap. This damping can cause variations in the cantilever’s vibrating parameters and affect the accuracy of the nanoscale patterning depth. In this paper, squeeze film air damping was modeled and analyzed considering the inclined angle between the cantilever and the sample surface, and its effects on the resonant amplitude and damping coefficient of the cantilever were discussed. The squeeze film air damping in the approaching curve of cantilever was observed, and its effect on fabricating nanopatterns was discussed.
Electron Microscopy Observation of Biomineralization within Wood Tissues of Kurogaki
Authors: Tazaki Kazue , Fukuyama Atsuko , Tazaki Fumie , Takehara Teruaki , Nakamura Keiichi , Okuno Masayuki , Hashida Yumiko , Hashida Shozo
Published: July 2017

Interactions between minerals and microorganisms play a crucial role in living wood tissues. However, living wood tissues have never been studied in the field. Fortunately, we found several kurogaki (black persimmon; Diospyros kaki) trees at Tawara in Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan. Here, we report the characterization of kurogaki based on scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), associated with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analyses, X-ray fluorescence analyses (XRF) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analyses. This study aims to illustrate the ability of various microorganisms associated with biominerals within wood tissues of kurogaki, as shown by SEM-EDS elemental content maps and TEM images. Kurogaki grows very slowly and has extremely hard wood, known for its striking black and beige coloration, referred to as a “peacock pattern”. However, the scientific data for kurogaki are very limited. The black “peacock pattern” of the wood mainly comprises cellulose and high levels of crystal cristobalite. As per the XRD results, the black taproot contains mineralized 7 Å clays (kaolinite), cellulose, apatite and cristobalite associated with many microorganisms. The chemical compositions of the black and beige portions of the black persimmon tree were obtained by ICP-MS analyses. Particular elements such as abundant Ca, Mg, K, P, Mn, Ba, S, Cl, Fe, Na, and Al were concentrated in the black region, associated with Pb and Sr elements. SEM-EDS semi-qualitative analyses of kurogaki indicated an abundance of P and Ca in microorganisms in the black region, associated with Pb, Sr, S, Mn, and Mg elements. On the other hand, XRF and XRD mineralogical data showed that fresh andesite, weathered andesite, and the soils around the roots of kurogaki correlate with biomineralization of the black region in kurogaki roots, showing clay minerals (kaolinite) and cristobalite formation. In conclusion, we describe how the biominerals in the black region in the cellulose within wood tissues grow chemically and biologically in the sap under the conditions associated with the beige portions of the taproot. This can explain why the crystals produce the “peacock pattern” in the kurogaki formed during the year. We conclude that kurogaki microbiota are from bacteria in the andesitic weathered soil environment, which produce silicification. In other words, the patterned portions of kurogaki consist of silicified wood.
Synthesis, Antitumor Evaluation and Molecular Docking of New Morpholine Based Heterocycles
Authors: Muhammad Zeinab , Edrees Mastoura , Faty Rasha , Gomha Sobhi , Alterary Seham , Mabkhot Yahia
Published: July 2017

A series of new morpholinylchalcones was prepared and then used as building blocks for constructing a series of 7-morpholino-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(1H)-ones via their reaction with 6-aminothiouracil. The latter thiones reacted with the appropriate hydrazonoyl chloride to give the corresponding pyrido[2,3-d][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidin-5(1H)-ones. The assigned structures for all the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed on the basis of elemental analyses and spectral data and the mechanisms of their formation were also discussed. Most of the synthesized compounds were tested for in vitro activity against human lung cancer (A-549) and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG-2) cell lines compared with the employed standard antitumor drug (cisplatin) and the results revealed that compounds 8, 4e and 7b have promising activities against the A-549 cell line (IC50 values of 2.78 ± 0.86 μg/mL, 5.37 ± 0.95 μg/mL and 5.70 ± 0.91 μg/mL, respectively) while compound 7b has promising activity against the HepG-2 cell lines (IC50 = 3.54 ± 1.11 μg/mL). Moreover, computational studies using MOE 2014.09 software supported the biological activity results.
Identification of a Novel Vasodilatory Octapeptide from the Skin Secretion of the African Hyperoliid Frog, Kassina senegalensis
Authors: Du Qiang , Wang Hui , Ma Chengbang , Wu Yue , Xi Xinping , Zhou Mei , Chen Tianbao , Shaw Chris , Wang Lei
Published: July 2017

The defensive skin secretions of amphibians continue to be an excellent source of novel biologically-active peptides. Here we report the identification and pharmacological activity of a novel C-terminally amided myotropic octapeptide from the skin secretion of the African hyperoliid frog, Kassina senegalensis. The 8-amino acid peptide has the following primary structure: WMSLGWSL-amide and has a molecular mass of 978 Da. The primary structure and organisation of the biosynthetic precursor of WL-8 amide was successfully deduced from cloned skin secretion-derived cDNA. The open-reading frame encoded a single copy of WL-8, located at the C-terminus. Synthetic WL-8 amide was found to cause relaxation of rat tail artery smooth muscle with an EC50 of 25.98 nM. This peptide is unique in terms of its primary structure and is unlike any other peptide previously isolated from an amphibian source which has been archived in the NCBI database. WL-8 amide thus represents the prototype of a novel family of myotropic peptide from amphibian defensive skin secretions.
Cyclic Peptides as Novel Therapeutic Microbicides: Engineering of Human Defensin Mimetics
Authors: Falanga Annarita , Nigro Ersilia , De Biasi Margherita , Daniele Aurora , Morelli Giancarlo , Galdiero Stefania , Scudiero Olga
Published: July 2017

Cyclic peptides are receiving significant attention thanks to their antimicrobial activity and high serum stability, which is useful to develop and design novel antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial peptides appear to be key components of innate defences against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Among the others, defensins possess a strong microbicidial activity. Defensins are cationic and amphipathic peptides with six cysteine residues connected by three disulfide bonds found in plants, insects, and mammals; they are divided in three families: α-, β-, and θ-defensins. α-Defensins are contained in the primary granules of human neutrophils; β-defensins are expressed in human epithelia; and θ-defensins are pseudo-cyclic defensins not found in humans, but in rhesus macaques. The structural diversities among the three families are reflected in a different antimicrobial action as well as in serum stability. The engineering of these peptides is an exciting opportunity to obtain more functional antimicrobial molecules highlighting their potential as therapeutic agents. The present review reports the most recent advances in the field of cyclic peptides with a specific regard to defensin analogs.
Fluorination of Naturally Occurring N6-Benzyladenosine Remarkably Increased Its Antiviral Activity and Selectivity
Authors: Oslovsky Vladimir , Drenichev Mikhail , Sun Liang , Kurochkin Nikolay , Kunetsky Vladislav , Mirabelli Carmen , Neyts Johan , Leyssen Pieter , Mikhailov Sergey
Published: July 2017

Recently, we demonstrated that the natural cytokinin nucleosides N6-isopentenyladenosine (iPR) and N6-benzyladenosine (BAPR) exert a potent and selective antiviral effect on the replication of human enterovirus 71. In order to further characterize the antiviral profile of this class of compounds, we generated a series of fluorinated derivatives of BAPR and evaluated their activity on the replication of human enterovirus 71 in a cytopathic effect (CPE) reduction assay. The monofluorination of the BAPR-phenyl group changed the selectivity index (SI) slightly because of the concomitant high cell toxicity. Interestingly, the incorporation of a second fluorine atom resulted in a dramatic improvement of selectivity. Moreover, N6-trifluoromethylbenzyladenosine derivatives (9–11) exhibited also a very interesting profile, with low cytotoxicity observed. In particular, the analogue N6-(3-trifluoromethylbenzyl)-adenosine (10) with a four-fold gain in potency as compared to BAPR and the best SI in the class represents a promising candidate for further development.
Characterization of Essential Oil Composition in Different Basil Species and Pot Cultures by a GC-MS Method
Authors: Muráriková Andrea , Ťažký Anton , Neugebauerová Jarmila , Planková Alexandra , Jampílek Josef , Mučaji Pavel , Mikuš Peter
Published: July 2017

Basil (Ocimum L.) species are used as medicinal plants due to their essential oils exhibiting specific biological activity. The present work demonstrated that both the variety and season/conditions of cultivation had a significant effect on (i) the produced amount (extraction yield), (ii) qualitative, as well as (iii) quantitative profile of basil essential oil. Among studied basil varieties, a new variety, ‘Mánes’, was characterized for the first time. Based on our quantitative evaluation of GC-MS profiles, the following chemotypes and average concentrations of a main component were detected in the studied basil varieties: ‘Ohře’, ‘Lettuce Leaf’, ‘Purple Opaal’, ‘Dark Green’ (linalool, 5.99, 2.49, 2.34, 2.01 mg/mL, respectively), and ‘Mammolo Genovese’, ‘Mánes’, ‘Red Rubin’ (eucalyptol, 1.34, 0.96, 0.76 mg/mL, respectively). At the same time, when considering other compounds identified in GC-MS profiles, all the studied varieties, except from ‘Lettuce Leaf’, were methyl eugenol-rich with a strong dependence of the eugenol:methyl eugenol ratio on the seasonal changes (mainly solar irradiation, but also temperature and relative humidity). More complex and/or variable (depending on the season and cultivation) chemotypes were observed with ‘Lettuce Leaf’ (plus estragole, 2.27 mg/mL), ‘Dark Green’ (plus eucalyptol, 1.36 mg/mL), ‘Mammolo Genovese’ (plus eugenol, 1.19 mg/mL), ‘Red Rubin’ (plus linalool and eugenol, 0.46 and 0.56 mg/mL, respectively), and ‘Mánes’ (plus linalool and eugenol, 0.58 and 0.40 mg/mL, respectively). When considering superior extraction yield (ca. 17 mL·kg−1, i.e., two to five times higher than other examined varieties) and consistent amounts (yields) of essential oil when comparing inter-seasonal or inter-year data (RSD and inter-year difference in mean yield values ˂2.5%), this new basil variety is very promising for use in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries.
Properties of Cement Mortar and Ultra-High Strength Concrete Incorporating Graphene Oxide Nanosheets
Authors: Lu Liulei , Ouyang Dong
Published: July 2017

In this work, the effect of graphene oxide nanosheet (GONS) additives on the properties of cement mortar and ultra-high strength concrete (UHSC) is reported. The resulting GONS-cement composites were easy to prepare and exhibited excellent mechanical properties. However, their fluidity decreased with increasing GONS content. The UHSC specimens were prepared with various amounts of GONSs (0–0.03% by weight of cement). Results indicated that using 0.01% by weight of cement GONSs caused a 7.82% in compressive strength after 28 days of curing. Moreover, adding GONSs improved the flexural strength and deformation ability, with the increase in flexural strength more than that of compressive strength. Furthermore, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was used to observe the morphology of the hardened cement paste and UHSC samples. FE-SEM observations showed that the GONSs were well dispersed in the matrix and the bonding of the GONSs and the surrounding cement matrix was strong. Furthermore, FE-SEM observation indicated that the GONSs probably affected the shape of the cement hydration products. However, the growth space for hydrates also had an important effect on the morphology of hydrates. The true hydration mechanism of cement composites with GONSs needs further study.
A New Type of Photo-Thermo Staged-Responsive Shape-Memory Polyurethanes Network
Authors: Yang Jinghao , Wen Hao , Zhuo Haitao , Chen Shaojun , Ban Jianfeng
Published: July 2017

In this paper, we developed a photo-thermo staged-responsive shape-memory polymer network which has a unique ability of being spontaneously photo-responsive deformable and thermo-responsive shape recovery. This new type of shape-memory polyurethane network (A-SMPUs) was successfully synthesized with 4,4-azodibenzoic acid (Azoa), hexamethylenediisocyanate (HDI) and polycaprolactone (PCL), followed by chemical cross-linking with glycerol (Gl). The structures, morphology, and shape-memory properties of A-SMPUs have been carefully investigated. The results demonstrate that the A-SMPUs form micro-phase separation structures consisting of a semi-crystallized PCL soft phase and an Azoa amorphous hard phase that could influence the crystallinity of PCL soft phases. The chemical cross-linking provided a stable network and good thermal stability to the A-SMPUs. All A-SMPUs exhibited good triple-shape-memory properties with higher than 97% shape fixity ratio and 95% shape recovery ratio. Additionally, the A-SMPUs with higher Azoa content exhibited interesting photo-thermo two-staged responsiveness. A pre-processed film with orientated Azoa structure exhibited spontaneous curling deformation upon exposing to ultraviolet (UV) light, and curling deformation is constant even under Vis light. Finally, the curling deformation can spontaneously recover to the original shape by applying a thermal stimulus. This work demonstrates new synergistically multi-responsive SMPUs that will have many applications in smart science and technology.
Preparation of Fluoroalkyl End-Capped Vinyltrimethoxysilane Oligomeric Silica Nanocomposites Containing Gluconamide Units Possessing Highly Oleophobic/Superhydrophobic, Highly Oleophobic/Superhydrophilic, and Superoleophilic/Superhydrophobic Characteristics on the Modified Surfaces
Authors: Katayama Shinsuke , Fujii Shogo , Saito Tomoya , Yamazaki Shohei , Sawada Hideo
Published: July 2017

Fluoroalkyl end-capped vinyltrimethoxysilane oligomer [RF-(CH2-CHSi(OMe)3)n-RF (RF-(VM)n-RF)] undergoes the sol-gel reaction in the presence of N-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)gluconamide [Glu-Si(OEt)3] under alkaline conditions to afford the corresponding fluorinated oligomeric silica nanocomposites containing gluconamide units [RF-(VM-SiO3/2)n-RF/Glu-SiO3/2]. These obtained nanocomposites were applied to the surface modification of glass to provide the unique wettability characteristics such as highly oleophobic/superhydrophobic and highly oleophobic/superhydrophilic on the modified surfaces under a variety of conditions. Such a highly oleophobic/superhydrophobic characteristic was also observed on the modified PET (polyethylene terephthalate) fabric swatch, which was prepared under similar conditions, and this modified PET fabric swatch was applied to the separation membrane for the separation of the mixture of fluorocarbon oil and hydrocarbon oil. The RF-(VM-SiO3/2)n-RF/Glu-SiO3/2 nanocomposites, which were prepared under lower feed amounts of basic catalyst (ammonia), were found to cause gelation in water. Interestingly, it was demonstrated that these gelling nanocomposites are also applied to the surface modification of the PET fabric swatch to give a highly oleophobic/superhydrophobic characteristic on the surface. On the other hand, the modified glass surfaces treated with the corresponding nanocomposite possessing no gelling ability were found to supply the usual hydrophobic characteristic with a highly oleophobic property. More interestingly, the wettability change on the modified PET fabric swatch from highly oleophobic to superoleophilic was observed, and remained superhydrophobic after immersing the modified PET fabric swatch into water.
Self-Assembly of Double Hydrophilic Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)-b-poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) Block Copolymers in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Willersinn Jochen , Schmidt Bernhard V.K.J.
Published: July 2017

The self-assembly of a novel combination of hydrophilic blocks in water is presented, namely poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)-b-poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PEtOx-b-PVP). The completely water-soluble double hydrophilic block copolymer (DHBC) is formed via copper-catalyzed polymer conjugation, whereas the molecular weight of the PVP is varied in order to study the effect of block ratio on the self-assembly process. Studies via dynamic light scattering, static light scattering as well as microscopy techniques, e.g., cryo scanning electron microscopy or laser scanning confocal microscopy, show the formation of spherical particles in an aqueous solution with sizes between 300 and 400 nm. Particles of the DHBCs are formed without the influence of external stimuli. Moreover, the efficiency of self-assembly formation relies significantly on the molar ratio of the utilized blocks. The nature of the formed structures relies further on the concentration, and indications of particular and vesicular structures are found.
Effects of Half-Precast Concrete Slab System on Construction Productivity
Authors: Cho Kyuman , Shin Young-su , Kim Taehoon
Published: July 2017

A half-precast concrete slab system (HPCSS) is reported to exhibit excellent structural performance when compared with traditional slab systems. However, there is a lack of extant research examining the construction issues of an HPCSS. Thus, in this study, we analyze the construction process and productivity of applying an HPCSS by using a simulation method with the data collected from an actual construction case. The results indicate that (i) the construction productivity of HPCSS is 1.7 times that of a traditional slab system, (ii) the cost per productivity unit of HPCSS exceeds that of a traditional slab system, and (iii) critical resources affecting the HPCSS productivity include form crew and rebar crew. The results of this study suggest that it is possible to develop an optimal construction plan of a construction site in which an HPCSS is installed, and that the HPCSS can be actively applied in the future.
Normative Alignment, Institutional Resilience and Shifts in Legal Governance of the Energy Transition
Authors: Heldeweg Michiel
Published: July 2017

In Europe, the energy transition by means of a governance shift through liberalization is followed by a transition and shift towards community energy initiatives, with a particular view of supporting the demand for greater energy sustainability. What institutional legal consequences, as constraints and opportunities for lawful behaviour, follow from a shift in legal governance towards facilitating resilient community energy services? This conceptual article looks for an answer to this question by combining governance theory with Ostrom’s IAD-framework and Institutional Legal Theory. A key aspect is understanding normative alignment (as institutional conduciveness and resilience) in relation to the possible shift from the current institutional environment of regulated energy market to that of a community energy network. The heuristic and analytical (design) relevance of the approach is illustrated with two policy examples contrasting the energy democratization and energy expansion frames, and discussed also in the perspective of energy governance experimentation with community energy initiatives in The Netherlands. Three scenarios of shifts in legal governance are identified. The key issue in legal governance design is the choice between these, particularly with respect to the integrity of institutional environments in terms of former frames to provide proper guidance to operational (experimental) activity.