bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANOVA Decomposition and Importance Variable Process in Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline Model
Authors: Otok Bambang Widjanarko , Rumiati Agnes Tuti , Ampulembang Ayub Parlin , Azies Harun Al
Published: June 2023

This article reviews one of the non-parametric functions, namely the MARS (Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline) method, a complex combination of recursive partitioning and spline regression. The many advantages of the MARS function over other non-parametric regression functions are of interest to researchers. One of them is it can accommodate the additive and interaction model to improve the prediction and interpretation of the data. There are some important things in the MARS method, namely, ANOVA decomposition and Importance Variable. Decomposition ANOVA is a technique in MARS that is useful for grouping basis function based on variables engagement, whether they enter by one variable or interactions with other variables, making it easier to interpret in graphical form. In comparison, the important variables are a technique that can be used to determine which predictor variables most influence the MARS modeling. This study assesses ANOVA decomposition, and the important variables process in MARS modeling based on GCV and MSE criteria. We use the poverty rate modeling data on Java Island to implement the study results. The results show that the MARS model's interpretation of the poverty rate can be better done through ANOVA decomposition. Besides that, based on GCV and MSE criteria, the result also shows that the biggest variable importance in poverty rate modeling on Java Island is the percentage of per capita expenditure for food, while the smallest is the economic growth variable.
Functional Properties of Collagen from Purple-spotted Bigeye (Priacanthus tayenus Richardson, 1846) Bone and Fins Extracted with Different Acids
Authors: Hasanuddin Hajariah , Jaziri Abdul Aziz , Shapawi Rossita , Mohd Mokhtar Ruzaidi Azli , Md. Noordin Wan Norhana , Adzitey Frederick , Huda Nurul
Published: June 2023

This work aimed to evaluate the functional properties of collagen derived from the bone and fins of Priacanthus tayenus (Richardson, 1846) prepared with various organic acids. The extracted collagens yielded 0.83%, 1.43%, and 1.93% of acetic acid-extracted collagen (AEC), lactic acid-extracted collagen (LEC), and citric acid-extracted collagen (CEC), respectively, although no significant differences (p > 0.05). The high solubility was detected in all extracted collagen samples under low concentrations of sodium chloride (up to 20 g/L). Acetic and lactic acid-extracted collagens showed the highest solubility at pH 3 and pH 5 for citric acid-extracted collagen. The oil absorption capacity varied from 8.57 mL/mg to 15.94 mL/mg and was significantly the highest (p < 0.05) for the AEC sample. Although the highest water absorption capacity was noted in LEC (14.39 mL/mg) compared to AEC (12.44 mL/mg) and CEC (8.30 mL/mg), it is not significantly different (p > 0.05). All the extracted samples recorded higher values of foaming ability (from 78.33% to 88.33%) and stability (from 80% to 93.33%) at pH 4. Therefore, the emulsion characteristics comprising the emulsion ability and stability indexes were carried out under acidic pH conditions, and the results showed acetic-extracted collagen had the highest values compared to lactic and citric acid-extracted collagens. Taken together, P. tayenus collagens had good functional properties comparable to other collagen sources, supporting its further use in industrial processes.
Precipitation Probability Prediction through NWP Bias Correction for South Korea Using Random Forest
Authors: Seo Yun Am , Cha Jieun
Published: June 2023

This study presents the results of an effort to improve the forecast of precipitation (> 0.1 mm/hr or > 0.1 mm/3hr) in the Local Data Assimilation and Prediction System (LDAPS) and the Global Data Assimilation and Prediction System (GDAPS) by applying the Random Forest (RF) model in South Korea. LDAPS and GDAPS are Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models operated by the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) for weather forecasting. GDAPS operates the Unified Model (UM) and the Korean Integrated Model (KIM). This study used weather forecast data from LDAPS, GDAPS/KIM, and GDAPS/UM. Precipitation forecasts from LDAPS and GDAPS were corrected by RF training with rain gauge observations from about 685 stations. Approximately 35 selected NWP model output variables were used as inputs to the RF training. To reflect recent trends in biases between observations and NWP, the precipitation probability prediction model was designed for real-time learning using a sliding window technique. In addition, the precipitation data had a data imbalance problem with more precipitation cases than non-precipitation cases, so an under-sampling method was applied to solve this problem. Comparing the performance of the proposed method with NWP in predicting precipitation, the CSI was improved by 14.7-23.1% (LDAPS), 33.9% (GDAPS/KIM), and 6.7%-38% (GDAPS/UM) over NWP, and the accuracy was also better. In future research, automating the sampling rate selection to reflect recent weather trends when under-sampling is likely to improve forecast performance.
An Efficient and Robust Ischemic Stroke Detection Using a Combination of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Kernel K-Means Clustering
Authors: Rustam Zuherman , Hartini Sri , Novkaniza Fevi , Pandelaki Jacob , Hidayat Rahmat , Ezziyyani Mostafa
Published: June 2023

This study introduces a combined approach utilizing the widely-used Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Kernel K-Means clustering method for the detection of ischemic stroke from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) images. We propose an efficient and robust alternating classification scheme to overcome the challenges of extensive computation time and noisy ischemic stroke images obtained from Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in Indonesia. The method incorporates multiple convolutional layers from the CNN architecture and subsequently vectorizes the matrix output to serve as input for Kernel K-Means clustering. Through a series of experiments, our proposed method has demonstrated highly promising results. Employing 11-fold cross-validation and the RBF kernel function (sigma= 0.05), we achieved exceptional performance metrics, including 99% accuracy, 100% sensitivity, 98% precision, 98.04% specificity, and 98.99% F1-Score. These outcomes underscore the remarkable capabilities of the combined CNN and Kernel K-Means clustering approach in accurately identifying ischemic stroke cases. Furthermore, our method exhibits competitive performance when compared to several other state-of-the-art methods in the field of deep learning. By harnessing the power of CNN's convolutional layers and the clustering capability of Kernel K-Means, we have achieved significant advancements in the domain of ischemic stroke detection from MRI images. The implications of this research are substantial. By enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of ischemic stroke detection, our method has the potential to assist medical professionals in making timely and informed decisions for stroke patients. Early detection and intervention can greatly improve patient outcomes and contribute to more effective treatment strategies.
Customer Satisfaction Assessment System on Transactions E-commerce Product Purchases Using Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Ilham Amil Ahmad , Bustamin Anugrayani , Wahyudiarto Eugenius
Published: June 2023

Currently, more products appear, and various services that offer similar products make it difficult for buyers to decide to buy before seeing reviews from other users. The growth of different e-commerce platforms exacerbates this. Users spent more time choosing products on each platform with many alternative considerations, such as looking at ratings, prices, and reviews from other buyers. This study conducted the optimization process of selecting e-commerce products so that users do not have to spend a long time reading every review when they want to buy a product. This research is expected to provide a comprehensive assessment of the purchase transaction of a product from the reviews provided. The data is sourced from product reviews on e-commerce in Indonesia, which are then classified into positive, negative, and neutral sentiments. The data is divided into 10 folds of data using stratified k-fold cross-validation, consisting of training and testing data with ratios of 90% and 10% of the total data. Our research proposed a system that implemented our modified Naive Bayes model to calculate a product's Customer Satisfaction (CSAT) score and compare it with the Google Cloud NLP model. In our model, the log prior and log-likelihood formulas are modified in the algorithm, adding the prefix "NOT_" after the negation words in the preprocessing. This doubled our modelâ€™s F1 score and increased the accuracy by 32%, from 59% to 91%, when compared to the Naive Bayes algorithm without modification.
GRU and XGBoost Performance with Hyperparameter Tuning Using GridSearchCV and Bayesian Optimization on an IoT-Based Weather Prediction System
Authors: Darmawan Hendri , Yuliana Mike , Samsono Hadi Moch. Zen
Published: June 2023

Weather is essential to human life, but it is difficult to forecast due to its diverse nature. We evaluated and compared the accuracy of two machine learning algorithms, GRU and XGBoost, in predicting weather patterns. We used GridSearchCV to tune the hyperparameters for the GRU algorithm and Bayesian optimization for the XGBoost algorithm. We used regression to predict weather sensor data and classification to predict rainfall in the following four days. We then deployed the best-performing model to the cloud server and connected it to the local IoT device with weather sensors in Sedati, Sidoarjo Regency, Indonesia. We conducted tests using data from the BMKG Juanda Sidoarjo and data from the local IoT device. The findings indicated that the XGBoost regression model outperformed the GRU model in the first stage, with an average RMSE of 1.2728125. In comparison, the average RMSE for GRU regression was 1.551666667. In the second stage, however, GRU regression performed better, with an average RMSE of 2.23, while the XGBoost regression had 2.28. In the classification tests, the GRU model had a higher F1 score of 0.88 in the first stage, while the XGBoost classification was 0.86. Both models had the same accuracy of 0.75 when tested with IoT data. However, the GRU classification model was better since it considered the context of the prediction, resulting in a lower likelihood of rain when it was not raining.
An Improved Fingerprint Method for Indoor Mobile Object Positioning
Authors: Kristalina Prima , Salsabila Syafira S. , Ainul Rafina D. , Musayyanah - , Ramadhani Afifah D.
Published: June 2023

The mobility of people in big cities tends to increase with the improvement in the availability of sharing access in public facilities. However, the dense environment with moving objects will allow the possibility of the object's detachment from a monitoring system. This condition will cause concern, especially if the object is a priority that needs to be protected. We propose a system for detecting moving objects in indoor environments using a fingerprint method of Received Signal Strength (RSSI) data retrieval. The work was conducted in the observation area, a part of a mall full of tenant stores and humans moving during shopping hours. The randomness of RSSI data emitted from access points in the indoor area is affected by multipath and signal reflection because of walls or furniture existing in the building. The K-NN regression algorithm was utilized to generate RSSI data based on the on-site measurement to prune this randomness. The generated data will be clustered, using the K-means algorithm and Elbow method to ensure the optimal number of K. The experiment results showed that using the best K for RSSI clustering, the positioning accuracy produced by the system reached 77% of the total expected accuracy. Meanwhile, according to the signal characteristics of indoor buildings, the entrance corner had the worst data distribution, with 37.35% of the data generated having an RSSI value close to the receiver sensitivity threshold.
Design an Intelligent Balanced Control of Quadruped Legs Based on Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS)
Authors: Wasista Sigit , Tjandrasa Handayani , Djanali Supeno
Published: June 2023

This study discusses the 12 DoF stability control algorithm for Quadruped robot legs to adjust the balance on irregular terrain. The source of the instability is the irregularity of the ground surface and external forces. Therefore, dynamic stability criteria are needed to plan the robot's movement and restore balance for the movement of a four-legged robot with a dynamic gait over an irregular terrain. The novelty of this study is the use of 12 ANFIS at once to manage the 12 DoF of each leg, which are grouped into four sections, and each section consists of 3 ANFIS. The ANFIS method is used as an algorithm to move the 12-DoF robot legs by training some robot leg movement data based on the slope angle of the surface. The results of training with the ANFIS method can be optimal if the number of rules is close to the given training data. From 29 body tilt angle position data and 12-DOF robot legs, good results will be obtained if the 5x5 number membership function is used for each input which will produce 25 ANFIS rules and combined using the Gaussian type so that it can produce RMSE = 0.068233. The next research is to develop reliable methods such as Zero Moment Point (ZMP) combined with the BPNN or ANFIS methods so that it is expected to get a reliable robot body balance.
Teoría y práctica de la iniciativa legislativa popular en España
Authors: Fernández Silva Ángel
Published: June 2023

La iniciativa legislativa popular (ILP) en España ha mantenido una eficacia muy limitada con tan sólo cuatro proposiciones adoptadas como ley en el Congreso de los Diputados. Cuarenta años después de la aprobación de la LO 3/1984 de ILP, es preciso analizar las causas que cercenan su empleo, ya que el 37% de las iniciativas resultan inadmitidas y otro 37% caduca sin reunir las firmas requeridas. La Constitución Española estipula (art. 87.3) un margen formal y material muy estrecho para el instrumento, con un requisito de firmas que dificulta el acceso de las propuestas y una exclusión de las materias propias de ley orgánica especialmente lesiva, como se comprobará. Auspiciado por la crisis económica y de confianza, desde el año 2011 se ha producido cierto repunte en la utilización del mecanismo que es preciso analizar, pues parece desmontarse parcialmente la idea extendida sobre el carácter anodino e ineficaz de la figura.

Recibido: 07.02.2023Aceptado: 13.06.2023
Dobrostan uczniów uzdolnionych: co mówią badania naukowe? Systematyczny przegląd literatury
Authors: Gierczyk Marcin , Renzulli Joseph S.
Published: June 2023

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przegląd badań naukowych dotyczących problematyki dobrostanu (well-being) uzdolnionych dzieci i młodzieży. Przyjęto procedurę przeglądu systematycznego w oparciu o protokół Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (Page et al. 2021). Analizie poddano 15 artykułów opublikowanych w latach 2005–2022 w recenzowanych czasopismach naukowych. Analizy pokazały, że nie można jednoznacznie stwierdzić, czy uzdolnienia są czynnikiem ryzyka, czy też czynnikiem chroniącym dla subiektywnego poczucia dobrostanu dzieci i młodzieży uzdolnionej. Jednocześnie wyniki badań publikowane w większości analizowanych tekstów nie wskazały istotnych statystycznie różnic między poczuciem dobrostanu subiektywnego, jak i psychicznego uczniów uzdolnionych w porównaniu do uczniów o przeciętnych zdolnościach. W badaniach subiektywnego poczucia dobrostanu uzdolnionych dzieci i młodzieży wykorzystuje się szereg skal odnoszących się do różnych obszarów psychofizycznego funkcjonowania człowieka, np. nastroju, stresu, poczucia własnej skuteczności, zainteresowań, poczucia samotności, poczucia humoru, klimatu szkolnego, co pozwala na holistyczne spojrzenie na analizowane zjawisko.
Kobiety w szachach. Problemy związane z rodziną w procesie rozwoju talentu
Authors: Baum Alicja
Published: June 2023

Celem analiz zaprezentowanych w artykule było poznanie problemów związanych z rodziną pochodzenia, z jakimi zmagały się polskie arcymistrzynie szachowe podczas procesu rozwoju talentu, czyli czasu dochodzenia do najwyższego szachowego tytułu kobiecego. W badaniach zastosowano metodę wywiadu swobodnego pogłębionego, jakościowego. Narzędzie badań stanowił przewodnik przygotowany w oparciu o Zintegrowany Model Rozwoju Talentu (CMTD) Françoys Gagnégo. Wypowiedzi 14 badanych arcymistrzyń szachowych poddano analizie jakościowej, która wykazała, że niemal wszystkie przyszłe arcymistrzynie doświadczały trudności związanych z rodziną pochodzenia. Ustalono ich dwojaki rodzaj: ogólny, wynikający z kondycji rodziny, wyznawanych wartości czy postaw (problemy finansowe i organizacyjne, niezgodność postaw rodziców wobec uprawiania szachów i brak wsparcia jednego z rodziców, poczucie „grania dla ojca”, niesprzyjająca atmosfera w domu), oraz odnoszący się do szachów jako dyscypliny sportu (presja na wynik, przymus trenowania, przymus pracy z określonym trenerem, niezrozumienie aspektów sportu).
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ МЕТОДИКИ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК НАДДОЛОТНОГО СТРУЙНОГО НАСОСА ДЛЯ ВРЕМЕННОЙ ИЗОЛЯЦИИ ПРОДУКТИВНОГО ПЛАСТА
Authors: Мельников Александр Павлович , Буглов Николай Александрович
Published: June 2023

Ссылка для цитирования: Мельников А.П., Буглов Н.А. Применение методики исследования характеристик наддолотного струйного насоса для временной изоляции продуктивного пласта // Известия Томского политехнического университета. Инжиниринг георесурсов. – 2023. – Т. 334. – № 6. – С.176-184.
Актуальность. Эффективность нефтегазовых скважин зависит от качества работ на этапе заканчивания скважин, а именно от выполнения первичного вскрытия продуктивного пласта. Одна из главных задач при вскрытии продуктивного пласта – сохранить естественные свойства продуктивного пласта-коллектора. Эту задачу можно решить путем временной изоляции пласта путем кольматации. Идея использовать наддолотный эжектор для измельчения шлама и дальнейшей подачи его на кольмататор с целью временной изоляции продуктивного пласта достаточно интересна. Это позволяет заменить металлоёмкое наземное оборудование, которое используется для подобных задач. Цель: проверка на адекватность полученных ранее уравнений напора струйного насоса как функции от коэффициента инжекции, с учетом возможных смешений сопла (углового и эксцентрического), а также с учетом гидравлических потерь на трение в камере смешения и в диффузоре. Объект: наддолотный эжектор со смещениями рабочего сопла (угловым и радиальным эксцентрическим) относительно оси камеры смешения. Методы: факторное экспериментальное исследование характеристик высоконапорного струйного насоса с помощью разработанной лабораторной установки. Результаты. Предложена методика экспериментального исследования основных характеристик наддолотного струйного насоса. Струйный насос предназначен для измельчения инжектированного шлама непосредственно в камере смешения и дальнейшей подачи его на кольмататор, чтобы обеспечить временную изоляцию призабойной зоны во время первичного вскрытия пласта. Разрушение шлама происходит с помощью рабочей струи, которая направлена на стенку камеры смешения. Направление потока задается угловым и эксцентрическим смещением насадки струйного насоса. Результаты исследования подтвердили адекватность полученных ранее напорных характеристик высоконапорного струйного насоса. В напорных характеристиках учтены геометрические параметры проточной части наддолотного струйного насоса.
ДИНАМИКА ХИМИЧЕСКОГО СОСТАВА ВОД ПОСТПИРОГЕННЫХ БОЛОТ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЛЕСОТУНДРЫ И ТАЙГИ ЗАПАДНОЙ СИБИРИ
Authors: Харанжевская Юлия Александровна , Синюткина Анна Алексеевна
Published: June 2023

Ссылка для цитирования: Харанжевская Ю.А., Синюткина А.А.  Динамика химического состава вод постпирогенных болот в условиях лесотундры и тайги Западной Сибири // Известия Томского политехнического университета. Инжиниринг георесурсов. – 2023. – Т. 334. – № 6. – С.193-203.
Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью оценки изменений химического состава природных вод под влиянием пирогенного фактора. Цель: исследование химического состава вод постпирогенных участков болот в лесотундровой и таежной зонах Западной Сибири, анализ условий его формирования и закономерностей пространственной вариации в зависимости от степени выгорания поверхности. Объекты: Васюганское болото, Усть-Бакчарское болото, плоскобугристое болото у с. Пангоды. Методы. Лабораторное определение химического состава болотных вод проводилось методами титриметрии, спектрофотометрии, пламенной фотометрии в Лабораторно-аналитическом центре Сибирского научно-исследовательского института сельского хозяйства и торфа – филиале Сибирского федерального научного центра агробиотехнологий РАН. Анализ содержания в пробах Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn, P, Mn производился методом масс-спектрометрии с индуктивно-связанной плазмой (ICP-MC) в Химико-аналитическом центре «Плазма». Статистическая обработка данных проводилась с применением непараметрического критерия Уилкоксона, кластерного анализа и метода главных компонент. Результаты. Исследования показали, что индикатором влияния пирогенного фактора на химический состав болотных вод является повышение рН, минерализации и концентраций K+, SO42–, а также Са2+, Mg2+, HCO3–, Feобщ, NO3–, P, Mn, Zn, Cd, Cu, Pb. В процессе восстановления болота после пожара и минерализации верхних выгоревших слоев торфяной залежи в водах отмечается постепенное повышение концентраций NH+4, Сорг и ХПК. Анализ данных по химическому составу показал более высокие – в 4–16 раз – концентрации Са2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, NH+4, NO3–, Feобщ, HCO3–, Сорг и ХПК, P, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb в водах плоскобугристого болота в лесотундре в сравнении с пробами вод, отобранными на выгоревших участках верховых болот таежной зоны Западной Сибири. Факторный анализ показал, что ведущим фактором формирования химического состава вод является степень выгорания поверхности, температура воды и уровни болотных вод. Таким образом, исследования показали, что химический состав вод постпирогенных болот во многом зависит от степени выгорания поверхности, исходных генетических особенностей болота и времени, прошедшего после пожара.
CALCULATION OF NUCLEAR FUEL CLADDING INTERNAL COATING THICKNESS FOR EMERGENCY RESISTANT NUCLEAR FUEL ELEMENT
Authors: Rofida Hamad Khalifa Hamad , Nikitenkov Nikolai N. , Kudiyarov Viktor N.
Published: June 2023

Link for citation: Rofida Hamad Khalifa Hamad, Nikitenkov N.N., Kudiyarov V.N. Calculation of nuclear fuel cladding internal coating thickness for emergency resistant nuclear fuel element. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering, 2023, vol. 334, no. 6, рр.27-34. In Rus.
The relevance of the study lies in the need to create an emergency resistant fuel for nuclear reactors, based on the study of the consequences of accidents in Chernobyl and Fukushima. The specific problem to which the work is devoted is the creation of thin-film chromium coatings on the inside of nuclear fuel element tubes, which is one of the directions for creating an emergency resistant core of a nuclear reactor. The main aim of the research is to determine the minimum thickness of the chromium coating necessary for adequate protection of the inner side of the fuel rod cladding from nuclear fuel fission fragments. Methods: a well-developed (more than 60 years of improvement) and widely known and recognized software package to simulate the physical processes of radiation and accelerated particle transport in solids using Monte Carlo statistics. The determination of the minimum thickness of the chromium coating to ensure protection of the inner side of the fuel element cladding from the main group of high-energy fission fragments of nuclear fuel was carried out on the basis of calculations using the TRIM program (from the SRIM package). 97Tc, 98Mo, 102Ru, 103Rh, 106Pd, 127I, 133Cs were selected as bombarding the coating from their wide range of nuclear fuel fission fragments, as the most high-energy and at the same time, having different chemical properties. Results. It was found that the minimum thickness of chromium required to provide adequate protection of the inner surface of the fuel tube from the main fission fragments of the U235O2 fuel is 9 µm. Experimental data confirming this result are presented.
Teorías económicas del capitalismo
Authors: Figueroa Arévalo Adolfo
Published: June 2023

Se presenta los fundamentos de las tres teorías más importantes de la ciencia económica: neoclásica, clásica y keynesiana. Desarrolla así tres Teorías de Equilibrio General. Luego pone a prueba cada teoría para entender los hechos más saltantes del capitalismo, en particular tal como este sistema se presenta en América Latina.
Los albores de la economía americana
Authors: Chernoff Noejovich Héctor Omar
Published: June 2023

La hipótesis de una herencia indígena en la historia iberoamericana, es el punto de partida de la investigación contenida en este libro. El lector encontrará una evolución cuantitativa de aspectos del mundo prehispánico.
Qué se puede hacer con el Perú : Ideas para sostener el crecimiento económico en el largo plazo
Authors: Ghezzi Piero , Gallardo José
Published: June 2023

Transcurridas más de dos décadas desde la implementación de las reformas estructurales, el Perú es considerado, con justicia, un referente de fortaleza macroeconómica. Pero el desempeño es desigual. Existen importantes rezagos en empleo, productividad y distribución (de ingresos, accesos y oportunidades). Estos indicadores, normalmente llamados los “pilares del bienestar”, son los que más afectan la calidad de vida de los ciudadanos. Los autores encuentran que sin cambios sustanciales al modelo el desarrollo económico será seguramente esquivo. Sin embargo, existe un margen para la política económica. Muchos de los problemas del Perú reflejan falladas en el proceso político. Estas deben ser combatidas con liderazgo del Estado y creando burocracias técnicas especializadas en áreas como educación, desarrollo rural y lucha contra actividades delictivas. Los autores también sugieren ideas para diversificar la economía y generar nuevas ventajas competitivas. Todo esto permitiría iniciar un círculo virtuoso de mejores políticas económicas y fortalecimiento institucional, como ocurrió en la macroeconomía.
Intellectual property rights in agriculture: ethical issues
Authors:   The Pennsylvania State University, USA, Glenna Leland L.
Published: June 2023

The expansion of intellectual property rights, particularly utility patents, in United States (US) agriculture over the past 50 years is grounded in two social phenomena. The first is the development and application of agricultural biotechnologies. The second is the development of the knowledge economy. After utility patents became common in US agriculture, the trend expanded to other parts of the world and became a key dimension of global trade policy. The most prominent justification for applying utility patents in agriculture is that it enhances social welfare. However, evidence does not support this justification. Other ethical concerns arise in relation to the influence of utility patents on publicly funded research in agricultural universities. Given the failure of patents to meet social welfare expectations, along with the other ethical concerns, policy makers should reconsider the use of patents in agriculture.
Migrant labour in agriculture: ethical issues and challenges
Authors:   Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Italy, Giarè Francesca , Borsotto Patrizia ,   Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Italy, Ricciardi Gabriella ,   Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Italy
Published: June 2023

This chapter discusses the key role of migrant workers in agriculture as well as policies regulating their role and conditions of employment. There is a particular focus on the European Union (EU) with the example of Italy to illustrate issues and policies at a national level. The chapter discusses ethical challenges in framing fair and sustainable policies to support migrant works in agriculture and the wider agri-food supply chain.
The Influence of the Attributes of Electric Vehicles on Brand Image, Consumer Attitude, and Purchase Intention: Focusing on the Moderating Effects of ESG Management
Authors:   IAGBT, Fu Zhenyang , Jung Jin-Sup , Niu Sijian , Yi Liang
Published: June 2023

Purpose - Direct and indirect factors affecting purchase of electric vehicles, and potential factors affecting purchase intention are studied. The effects of electric car attributes (functionality, economy, design, safety), brand image, and consumer attitude on electric car purchase intention was examined. The mediating effect of brand image and consumer attitude is examined. In addition, the moderating effect of ESG management between attributes and the brand image of electric vehicles was examined.
Design/Methodology/Approach - Electric vehicle attributes were set as independent variables, and purchase intentions were set as dependent variables. In addition, the mediating effect of brand image and consumer attitude and the moderating effect of ESG management were considered. An empirical study was conducted targeting Chinese consumers, and multiple regression analysis was used as the research methodology.
Findings - The attributes of electric vehicles (functionality, economy, design, safety) had a significant effect on brand image and purchase intention. Among the attributes of electric vehicles, economic feasibility, design, and safety had a significant positive (+) effect on consumer attitudes. Brand image and consumer attitude showed a positive (+) mediating effect between electric vehicle attributes and purchase intention. Further, the moderating effect of ESG management showed a positive moderating effect only between functionality and brand image.
Research Implications - The study provides academic, practical, and policy implications for establishing an electric vehicle marketing strategy in the Chinese market. In particular, it is meaningful to marketing and distribution strategies for foreign companies, including Korean companies that wish to advance into China.
Financial Intermediation and Economic Growth: Evidence from Nepal
Authors:   IAGBT, Shah Birendra Narayan , Bhuyan Md Iqbal , Kim Sung-Sik , Salam Rukshana
Published: June 2023

Purpose - This study aims to investigate the role of financial intermediation in Nepalese economic growth using time-series data over the period from 1974 to 2019. In order to establish the relationship, GDP per capita is used as a proxy for economic growth, while private sector credit, commercial bank assets, and the broad money supply serve as proxy measures of financial intermediation.
Design/Methodology/Approach - To obtain empirical results, the Johansen test of co-integration, the vector error correction model, and the Granger causality test are applied.
Findings - The results support finance-led growth in Nepal, implying that financial intermediation is positively associated with economic growth in the long run. A positive association with total trade was observed in the short run, but a negative effect was found in the long run. Granger causality tests indicate that the broad money supply and commercial bank assets are bidirectionally related to Nepal’s economic growth, while private sector credit is unidirectional.
Research Implications - The findings suggest that if central bank authorities prioritized monetary policy tools, it may foster economic growth in Nepal in both the short- and long terms. In addition, for the persistent growth of the Nepalese economy, the banking sector should be reformed by employing more liberal policies. The study also suggests that policymakers should take immediate action to correct the direction of Nepalese foreign trade.
The axiological status of the state-legal doctrine of Russian conservatism
Authors: Kuzubova Angelina Yu.
Published: June 2023

The features of the axiological status of the state-legal doctrine of Russian conservatism, which have an impact on national algorithms of value-motivated organization of legal activity, are considered. It is proved that the conservative doctrine represents the interrelation of irrational legal images and rational ideas originating from religious institutions and state-legal traditions of society, based on the concepts of the priority of ethical principles over formal legal grounds. It is proved that the Russian legal thinking differs significantly from the Western one, which is most fully embodied in the mode of domestic conservatism with its inherent theonomic ethics and metaphysics of unity. Based on the analysis of the domestic legal tradition, the definition of conservative legal values is formed as conditioned by the cultural and civilizational originality of ideas about legal reality, expressed in legal consciousness and legal culture, perceived in unity with moral values. The aim of the study is to establish the axiological status of the state-legal doctrine of Russian conservatism. The methodological basis includes the use of specially legal methods: historical, formal-logical, comparative, at the same time, the historical-legal nature of the work necessitated the involvement of theoretical-legal interpretation and evaluation of state-legal ideas, structural and comparative methods. It is stated that the axiological potential of the state-legal doctrine of Russian conservatism lies in the convergence of the modes of morality and law, orientation to law enforcement with congruent interaction of legal and moral regulators. It is argued that within the framework of the axiological approach and in the context of taking into account the legal tradition of Russia, it is possible both to overcome the inertia of the modern theory of law and to increase the effectiveness of legal regulation.
Economic security of the Russian Federation in the light of criminalization of economic relations
Authors: Vorobyova Svetlana V.
Published: June 2023

One of the most pressing issues of ensuring Russia’s national security is the strengthening of its economic component, that is, economic security. The level of economic development of the state depends not only on the well-being of citizens within the state, but also on the stable position of the state in the international arena. The purpose of the research is to consider economic security in the context of national security, as well as to determine the factor of the negative impact of criminalization of the economy as one of the leading threats to the economic security of the state through the use of general logical, empirical and theoretical research methods. It is noted that the complexity of modern relations between countries and disrupted economic and political cooperation lead to the fact that in the context of the sanctions policy against the Russian Federation, issues related to ensuring economic security in the context of stabilization and protection of national interests are being actualized. The importance of this component is emphasized by the fact that the development and maintenance of other spheres – social, moral and spiritual, political, etc. depends on the level of ensuring economic security. In this regard, ensuring economic security is one of the main activities of the state. Also, the leading threat to economic security is the large-scale criminalization of the economy, where the shadow sector, the corruption component, the deformation of the budgetary sphere and other negative processes significantly harm the country’s security in the socio-economic plane. The components of economic security, indicators and the place of economic security in the national security system of the Russian Federation are analyzed. It is emphasized that the criminalization of the economic sphere has a destructive effect on the security of the state and the welfare of society.
Differentiation of criminal liability for negligent infliction of death or grievous bodily harm with the allocation of a qualifying feature
Authors: Gorobtsova Yulia O.
Published: June 2023

Attention is paid to the specifics of criminal liability differentiation, taking into account the criminal law theory. It is stated that in our case, it is applicable to an act associated with causing death by negligence (Article 109 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation), as well as infliction of grievous bodily harm by negligence (Article 118 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation), differentiation takes place taking into account the subject of the crime (a person who improper performance their professional duties; as a rule, these are medical staff). Thus, a person violates certain rules that are aimed at saving and protecting life. As a result, by the nature of his profession, he could foresee the onset of death or the infliction of grievous bodily harm and prevent the situation, provide appropriate assistance. Attention is focused on the features of bringing these subjects to criminal liability in determining the causal relationship. It is possible to talk about harm to health or death, if only the doctor performs specific actions (and does not refrain from actions) that worsen the patient’s condition. However, there are grounds for excluding the involvement of persons who improperly perform their professional duties. For example, in the case when a person complied with all the rules of conduct corresponding to his professional activity, however, death occurred, but for other reasons and grounds that arose, or in a similar way, the victim suffered serious bodily harm, etc. It is emphasized that the further development of the differentiation of criminal liability for crimes by negligence associated with the infliction of grievous bodily harm or death, with the allocation of qualifying features, is especially significant today.
Dysmetabolic encephalopathy of the maternity hospital associated with spinal anesthesia
Authors: Malkova A. A. , Safiullin A. N. , Selimkhanov E. Sh.
Published: June 2023

The review article discusses in detail the problem of complications in maternity patients associated with spinal anesthesia and cesarean section surgery. The evidence base demonstrating the risk of complications in pregnant women with the development of acute neurological conditions is presented. The problems of the toxic effect of a local anesthetic (bupivacaine) and the consequences of a coronavirus infection on the body of pregnant women are considered separately.
A clinical case of ischemic stroke in a young patient with a previously undescribed nucleotide sequence c.808T > C (p.Tyr270His of the GLBI gene (NM_ 000404.3, GMI-gangliosidosis type 2) in a heterozygous state
Authors: Komissarova N. V. , Malkova A. A. , Potorochina O. P. , Ovchinnikova A. A. , Ivanina P. O. , Bayusheva D. O.
Published: June 2023

At this stage in the development of medicine, there are difficulties in establishing the etiology of stroke in young patients. There are few significant risk factors from the group of metabolic hereditary diseases in the development of "young" strokes in the literature. This prompts the publication of our observation. Aim: to describe a unique clinical case of "young" ischemic stroke in a 27-year-old woman whose daughter was diagnosed with type 2 gangliosidosis. To determine the cause of the stroke, the patient underwent DNA diagnostics, which showed a previously undescribed nucleotide sequence. A clinical case of ischemic stroke caused by a previously undescribed nucleotide sequence is presented.
Atherosclerosis of the carotid arteries: clinical significance (a literature review)
Authors: Fedorina M. A. , Davydkin I. L. , Germanova O. A.
Published: June 2023

Сarotid atherosclerotic disease increase the risk of ischemic stroke, with various clinical manifestations from asymptomatic to fatal. Cerebral blood flow depends not only on the degree of stenosis, but also on the patency of the collateral tract, affecting the severity of the clinical picture. Criteria for the hemodynamic significance of carotid artery stenosis and, based on them, indications for surgical treatment have been developed. But there is a group of patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis and borderline values in assessing the hemodynamic significance of atherosclerotic plaques, who remain at risk of ischemic stroke. Thus, there is a need to assess the collateral cerebral circulation, and the impact of the degree of stenosis on cerebral perfusion. Also of interest is the assessment of hemodynamics at the site of carotid stenosis and the assessment of cerebral autoregulation during exercise testing. This will help in selecting patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis who are at increased risk of stroke and who would benefit from revascularization.
Surgical treatment of patients with mechanical jaundice syndrome caused by choledocholithiasis
Authors: Koryttsev V. K. , Krasnoslobodtsev A. M. , Frolova E. V. , Dergal S. V.
Published: June 2023

Treatment of patients with mechanical jaundice remains an urgent problem of modern surgery. Approximately in a half of patients the cause of this syndrome is the presence of concrements in the common bile duct. Nowadays there are various variants of choledocholithiasis surgical treatment – open surgery on bile ducts and various variants of endoscopic interventions.

Objective: to determine indications for open variants of surgical treatment of the syndrome of mechanical jaundice caused by choledocholithiasis.

Material and methods. The work is based on the retrospective analysis of the treatment results of 78 patients with the syndrome of the mechanical jaundice caused by choledocholithiasis. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the way of the mechanical jaundice elimination. The first group included 20 patients who underwent open surgery, and the second group consisted of 58 patients after endoscopic interventions.

Results. In the 1st group 4 patients died out of 20 patients, the lethality rate was 20%. In Group II 2 of 58 patients died, the lethality was 3%. The difference in the lethality indexes between the groups turned out to be statistically significant (p = 0,028).

Conclusion. Open surgery is indicated in patients with contraindications to pneumoperitoneum application due to the second half of pregnancy or concomitant pathology of the cardiovascular and/or respiratory systems, in unsuccessful attempts to perform endoscopic intervention, and also in concomitant pancreatitis.
Arthroscopic reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament: study of the correlation between failure rate and the procedure technique
Authors: Shormanov А. M. , Ulyanov V. Yu.
Published: June 2023

The failure rate in arthroscopic reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is conditioned by irrational aligning of the drilled transosseous canals, different mechanical properties of the synthetic or auto/allografts, and the number of fixators. By now the published studies on the correlation between failure rate and methods of arthroscopic ACL reconstruction are few. The objective of this research was the investigation of the correlation between the failure rate and certain techniques of arthroscopic ACL reconstruction in patients with its complete isolated rapture.

Materials and methods. The study involved 84 patients who in due time underwent single- or double-bundle reconstruction with synthetic implants, or the reconstruction by a semitendinosus and gracilis autografts. The failure rate was estimated in 3, 6, and 12 months by the presence of true clinical signs of the ACL failure along with the patient’s corresponding complaints of the knee joint instability in regular physical load.

Results. No differences were observed in the failures rates after surgeries performed by various arthroscopic reconstruction techniques in all periods of observation revealed by the interpretation of true clinical signs of ACL failure and confirmed by the Fisher's exact test value (р > 0.05) and χ2(р > 0.05) for the three groups overall.

Conclusion. The examination of patients with complete isolated ACL rapture in all periods of observation for the three samples revealed no correlation between arthroscopic ACL reconstruction failure rates and the employed techniques.
Some aspects of specific prevention of a new coronavirus infection caused by the SARS CoV-2 virus in the Samara region
Authors: Kiryukhin A. I. , Temnik E. I. , Popova L. L. , Konstantinov D. Yu.
Published: June 2023

The new coronavirus infection remains a significant medical and social event in the world, and only active immunization of the population with the achievement of the target level of vaccination coverage of at least 60% is able to stop its spread.

Objective: to study the preliminary results of vaccination against a new coronavirus infection caused by the SARS CoV-2 virus in the Samara region.

Materials and methods. The material of this study was the results of statistical monitoring of the incidence of a new coronavirus infection caused by the SARS CoV-2 virus in residents of the Samara region and data on the vaccination campaign. Statistical analysis included descriptive, comparative and interval estimation, as well as correlation analysis.

Results. As of October 2022, 62.6% of the total population in the Samara region has been vaccinated against a new coronavirus infection caused by the SARS CoV-2 virus. Women predominated among those vaccinated – 60.51%. When analyzing the results of the vaccination campaign, statistically significant negative relationships were revealed between the proportion of vaccinated in a certain month and the incidence in the next three months, as well as between the accumulated percentage of vaccinated and the incidence in the next few months. At the same time, morbidity and vaccination in a normalized form for the population does not depend on the size of the population.

Conclusions: Vaccination reduces the risk of a new coronavirus infection caused by the SARS CoV-2 virus in the Samara region by an average of 7.4 times. With the development of a manifest form of a new coronavirus infection caused by the SARS CoV-2 virus, in residents of the Samara region who have undergone a full course of vaccination, the risk of developing severe and extremely severe forms decreases by an average of 1.65 times, and deaths – by 1.71 times.
Hospital substitute forms of medical assistance during COVID-19
Authors: Karaylanov M. G. , Mikheev A. V. , Prokin I. G.
Published: June 2023

Primary health care in modern socio-economic conditions is given special attention. This type of medical care makes up a large part of the volume of the entire healthcare system in our country, but the least expensive compared to inpatient care. Practically up to 80 % of all available domestic healthcare resources are annually distributed to provide medical care to citizens in stationary conditions. While in modern conditions it is possible to use the available resources more economically and more efficiently. The introduction of hospital-replacing technologies into the practice of medical organizations, both outpatient and inpatient types, is an undoubted advantage of the development of domestic healthcare. During the COVID-19 pandemic, when most of the hospitals are being converted into infectious diseases hospitals, day hospital treatment has become of paramount importance as the main form of hospital-replacing technologies. At the same time, the day hospital is an intermediate link between the outpatient and inpatient networks. Day hospitals in our country appeared relatively recently, but they have received significant development from the standpoint of the greatest medical, social and economic efficiency of treating patients compared to round-the-clock hospitals under the same conditions. During the pandemic, this circumstance was undeniably proven.