bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological overview of mucocutaneous fungal infections in Munich
Authors: Hoffmann Liv C. , Reinholz Markus , French Lars E. , Sárdy Miklós , Wollenberg Andreas , Kerschnitzki Annette , Horváth Orsolya N.
Published: August 2024

Background and Objectives

Knowledge about the current spectrum of dermatomycoses is important for diagnosis and therapy.

Patients and Methods

A retrospective, monocentric analysis of mucocutaneous fungal infections diagnosed at a large European academic dermatology department in Munich was conducted; 87,229 samples from 48,916 patients from January 1, 2011, to August 30, 2020, were included.

Results

Fungi were detected in 11,513 samples from 48,916 (23.54%), and 36 different species were identified. Candida (C.) albicans was the most common pathogen (5,055 detections; 43.91% of all positive samples), followed by Trichophyton (T.) rubrum (3,076 detections; 26.72% of all positive samples) and Candida parapsilosis (923 detections; 8.02% of all positive samples). Rare pathogens such as Trichophyton raubitschekii were also detected. Coinfections with multiple species were detected in 44 cases.

Conclusions

Even though C. albicans, T. rubrum, and C. parapsilosis were confirmed as the most common pathogens, rare pathogens should also be considered in clinical practice. The predominant spectrum of fungi differed from that reported in other countries. Furthermore, a difference in the pathogen spectrum could be observed depending on the age group and body site.
Endolysosomal channel TMEM175 mediates antitoxin activity of DABMA
Authors: Wu Yu , Huang Jiamin , Zhang Fei , Guivel‐Benhassine Florence , Hubert Mathieu , Schwartz Olivier , Xiao Weihua , Cintrat Jean‐Christophe , Qu Lili , Barbier Julien , Gillet Daniel , Cang Chunlei
Published: August 2024

DABMA is a chemical molecule optimized from the parent compound ABMA and exhibits broad‐spectrum antipathogenic activity by modulating the host's endolysosomal and autophagic pathways. Both DABMA and ABMA inhibit severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) in a cellular assay, which further expands their anti‐pathogen spectrum in vitro. However, their precise mechanism of action has not yet been resolved. TMEM175 is a newly characterized endolysosomal channel which plays an essential role in the homeostasis of endosomes and lysosomes as well as organelle fusion. Here, we show that DABMA increases the endosomal TMEM175 current through organelle patch clamping with an EC50 of 17.9 μm. Depletion of TMEM175 protein significantly decreases the antitoxin activity of DABMA and affects its action on acidic‐ and Rab7‐positive endosomes as well as on endolysosomal trafficking. Thus, TMEM175 is necessary for DABMA's activity and may represent a druggable target for the development of anti‐infective drugs. Moreover, DABMA, as an activator of the TMEM175 channel, may be useful for the in‐depth characterization of the physiological and pathological roles of this endolysosomal channel.
Artificial Intelligence‐Generated Patient Education Materials for Helicobacter pylori Infection: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Zeng Shuyan , Kong Qingzhou , Wu Xiaoqi , Ma Tian , Wang Limei , Xu Leiqi , Kou Guanjun , Zhang Mingming , Yang Xiaoyun , Zuo Xiuli , Li Yueyue , Li Yanqing
Published: August 2024

Background

Patient education contributes to improve public awareness of Helicobacter pylori. Large language models (LLMs) offer opportunities to revolutionize patient education transformatively. This study aimed to assess the quality of patient educational materials (PEMs) generated by LLMs and compared with physician sourced.

Materials and Methods

Unified instruction about composing a PEM about H. pylori at a sixth‐grade reading level in both English and Chinese were given to physician and five LLMs (Bing Copilot, Claude 3 Opus, Gemini Pro, ChatGPT‐4, and ERNIE Bot 4.0). The assessments of the completeness and comprehensibility of the Chinese PEMs were conducted by five gastroenterologists and 50 patients according to three‐point Likert scale. Gastroenterologists were asked to evaluate both English and Chinese PEMs and determine the accuracy and safety. The accuracy was assessed by six‐point Likert scale. The minimum acceptable scores were 4, 2, and 2 for accuracy, completeness, and comprehensibility, respectively. The Flesch–Kincaid and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook scoring systems were employed as readability assessment tools.

Results

Accuracy and comprehensibility were acceptable for English PEMs of all sources, while completence was not satisfactory. Physician‐sourced PEM had the highest accuracy mean score of 5.60 and LLM‐generated English PEMs ranged from 4.00 to 5.40. The completeness score was comparable between physician‐sourced PEM and LLM‐generated PEMs in English. Chinese PEMs from LLMs proned to have lower score in accuracy and completeness assessment than English PEMs. The mean score for completeness of five LLM‐generated Chinese PEMs was 1.82–2.70 in patients' perspective, which was higher than gastroenterologists' assessment. Comprehensibility was satisfactory for all PEMs. No PEM met the recommended sixth‐grade reading level.

Conclusion

LLMs have potential in assisting patient education. The accuracy and comprehensibility of LLM‐generated PEMs were acceptable, but further optimization on improving completeness and accounting for a variety of linguistic contexts are essential for enhancing the feasibility.
Tetracycline Three Times Daily Versus Four Times Daily in Bismuth‐Containing Quadruple Therapy as the First‐Line Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection: A Multicenter, Noninferiority, Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ding Yu‐Ming , Zhang Qiu‐Mei , Li Rui‐Li , Han Zhong‐Xue , Zhao Qing , Xu Li‐Dong , Wang Ke‐Yu , Nan Xue‐Ping , Duan Miao , Zeng Shu‐Yan , Kong Qing‐Zhou , Wang Hui , Wu Xiao‐Qi , Zhang Ning , Li Yan‐Qing , Zuo Xiu‐Li , Li Yue‐Yue
Published: August 2024

Background

Current guidelines recommend bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy for patients newly diagnosed with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of tetracycline administered three times daily versus four times daily in bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy for first‐line treatment of H. pylori infection.

Methods

This multicenter, noninferiority, randomized controlled study, conducted in China, recruited treatment‐naïve adults with H. pylori infection, randomized 1:1 into two treatment groups to receive either of the following bismuth‐containing quadruple therapies: esomeprazole 20 mg twice‐daily; bismuth 220 mg twice‐daily; amoxicillin 1000 mg twice‐daily; and tetracycline 500 mg three times daily (TET‐T) versus 500 mg four times daily (TET‐F). At least 6 weeks post‐treatment, a 13C‐urea breath test was performed to evaluate H. pylori eradication.

Results

In total, 406 patients were randomly assigned to the two treatment groups. Intention‐to‐treat eradication rates were 91.63% (186/203; 95% confidence interval [CI] 87.82%–95.44%) versus 90.15% (183/203; 95% CI 86.05%–94.25%) (p = 0.0005) and per‐protocol eradication rates were 95.34% (184/193; 95% CI 92.36%–98.31%) versus 95.72% (179/187; 95% CI 92.82%–98.62%) (p = 0.0002) for the TET‐T and TET‐F group, respectively. TET‐T‐treated patients had a lower incidence of adverse effects than TET‐F‐treated patients (21.61% vs. 31.63%, p = 0.024), with no significant differences in compliance to treatment between the groups.

Conclusion

As a first‐line therapy for H. pylori infection, the eradication rate of the TET‐T therapy was noninferior to that of the TET‐F therapy while significantly reducing the incidence of adverse reactions.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05431075
Witness to Harm; Holding to Account: What Is the Importance of Information for Members of the Public Who Give Evidence and May Be Witness in a Regulatory Hearing of a Health or Care Professional?
Authors: Ryan‐Blackwell Gemma , Wallace Louise M.
Published: August 2024

Background

Health and social care regulators are organisations that seek to maintain public trust in professionals and protect the public from harmful practitioners. For example, they ensure that practitioners have the correct qualifications to practice and investigate any concerns raised about them. Serious concerns can result in a fitness to practise (FtP) hearing where a member of the public may be required to give evidence as a witness. Being a witness and being cross‐examined is known to often be traumatic, particularly for members of the public in criminal trials. There is some research evidence that registered professionals who are the subject of the proceedings may suffer mental ill health as result of the experience. But there is scant research that specifically explores the experiences of members of the public giving evidence in a FtP hearing. The regulator web pages are an important source of information for public witnesses to prepare themselves for a FtP hearing.

Aim

This study aimed to examine the publicly available information for public witnesses from the 13 health and social care regulators in the United Kingdom to evaluate the content, amount, type and format of information available and make recommendations about how regulators can improve these.

Methods

Regulator websites were searched during November 2021–February 2022 for information for the public on what happens after raising a concern with a regulator. Resources were downloaded and qualitative content analysis conducted. Our findings were validated by interviews (n = 7) with the public including people with experience of FtP and a focus group of the public (n = 5).

Results

One hundred and forty‐six resources (97 webpages and 25 public facing documents, 20 videos and 4 easy read documents) were found. Topics included screening and investigation, preparing for a hearing, during a hearing and after a hearing, and support for witnesses.

Discussion and Conclusion

We conclude that there are many deficiencies in the information content and its presentation for the public and some exemplars, such as the use of flowcharts and short videos to explain the FtP processes. Recommendations for practice take the form of a framework with three themes, (i) co‐production, (ii) preferred content and (iii) format. It may be used by regulators to enhance their support for members of the public as witnesses in FtP hearings.

Public Contribution

Our advisory group of people with lived experience of involvement as members of the public in FtP discussed the findings and contributed to the recommendations.
A comparative exploration of immunohistochemical markers in patients with papulopustular rosacea undergoing treatment with oral isotretinoin versus doxycycline
Authors: Picosse Fabíola , Rocha Marco Alexandre , Costa Caroline Sousa , Enokihara Milvia Maria Simões e Silva , Sanudo Adriana , Bagatin Ediléia
Published: August 2024

Background

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory disease, and doxycycline is a widely recommended treatment for it due to its anti‐inflammatory action. Oral isotretinoin reduces sebaceous gland activity and modulates toll‐like receptors, reducing inflammation. Our aim was to investigate the effect of these two drugs on the expression of cutaneous immunohistochemical biomarkers related to etiopathogenic factors involved in rosacea.

Methods

We conducted a randomized, comparative, and evaluator‐blinded trial, including 40 participants with moderate and severe papulopustular and ocular rosacea. Participants were treated with doxycycline (DOXY) 100 mg or isotretinoin (ISO) 0.3 mg/kg daily. Immunohistochemistry at baseline and after 4 months was used to demonstrate the expression of the biomarker on the affected skin.

Results

The following changes were detected: a reduction in the vessel count after using VEGF with DOXY (P = 0.010); a decrease in VEGF intensity with ISO (P < 0.001) and DOXY (P = 0.020); a reduction of nitric oxide synthase enzyme with both drugs in the inflammatory infiltrate (ISO P < 0.001; DOXY P = 0.003); however, only with ISO was there a significant (P = 0.030) decrease at the level of the sebaceous glands, indicating a reduction of nitric oxide synthesis; a reduction of TRPV‐1 expression at the level of the sebaceous glands was observed only with DOXY (P = 0.041); a decrease of cathelicidin LL37 expression, a key antimicrobial peptide in the etiopathogenesis of rosacea, was noted with both drugs, although at the level of sebaceous glands, only with DOXY (P = 0.007).

Conclusions

Oral isotretinoin and doxycycline have modified the expression of cutaneous biomarkers related to rosacea etiopathogenesis, demonstrating their role in controlling inflammatory and vascular processes.
Editor's Highlights — September 2024
Authors: Kemény Lajos
Published: August 2024

Curly textured hair presents unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges because of its distinct properties. In the September issue of the Journal, we explore recent advancements in understanding and treating various hair disorders, focusing on the specific challenges and treatments for curly hair. We discuss whether glucagon‐like peptide‐1 agonists contribute to or alleviate hair loss and highlight a promising, innovative therapy using adipose stem cell‐derived exosomes to promote hair growth. Additionally, we examine therapeutic options for managing filler‐induced alopecia and treating folliculitis decalvans.
Alkali‐induced aggregation behaviour of tea polyphenols and its gel strengthening mechanism to alkali‐induced egg white
Authors: Li Baochang , Ma Ruipeng , Yang Xuhua , Obadi Mohammed , Xu Bin , Sun Jun
Published: August 2024

The effect of black and green tea extracts with different alkali induction degrees on gel properties of alkali‐induced egg white gels (EWGs) was evaluated. Results indicate that, with the increase in alkali induction time, the concentration of soluble polyphenols gradually decreases while their relative polymerisation degree increases, especially for black tea polyphenols. The addition of tea extracts, especially induced by alkaline treatment for 6, 12, and 24 h, can promote the coagulation and browning and inhibit the ‘alkali injury liquefaction’ of alkali‐induced EWGs. Additionally, under alkali‐induced conditions, polyphenols in tea, especially black tea, can enhance the textural properties and thermal stability of alkali‐induced EWGs, this enhancement reaches its peak at 12 h of alkali induction and is consistent with protein secondary structure and interaction forces results. This research provides theoretical support for selection and induction of tea in high‐gel‐strength preserved eggs and other alkali‐induced protein gel food processing.
Effects of germination on the physicochemical, thermal, in vitro protein digestibility, Antinutrients, and antioxidant properties of sorghum flour
Authors: Singh Sakshi , Habib Mehvish , Mondal Debarchan , Thakur Manisha , Kumar Yogesh , Bashir Khalid , Jan Shumaila , Jan Kulsum
Published: August 2024

The present study investigates the impact of germination (72 h) on physicochemical, protein solubility, in vitro protein digestibility, antinutrient, antioxidant, and structural properties of sorghum flour. Germination resulted in a reduction of crude protein, fat, fibre, and ash. However, it significantly improved the DPPH (58.42%–69.44%), total phenolic content (1.31–3.58 mg GAE g−1), and total flavonoid content (57.66–80.16 mg QE g−1). Germination also increased in vitro protein digestibility (50.12%–75.52%) and Fe2+ chelating activity (11.18%–48.06%), while reducing antinutrients such as phytic acid (176 to 86 mg/100 g) and tannin (3.53–2.16 mg/100 g). Structural analyses (XRD and FTIR) revealed modifications in crystalline and molecular structures, while scanning electron microscopy showed disrupted starch granules in germinated flour. These findings suggest that germination enhances the functional and nutritional properties of sorghum flour, making it more suitable for various applications in food products.
Effect of ultrasound and marination on functional and sensory properties, protein profiles and bioaccessibility of amino acids in turkey meat
Authors: Nalbant Tepeoğlu Hadiye , Karakaya Sibel
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the impact of ultrasound treatment and marination on turkey meat proteins, focusing on functional and sensory properties and protein hydrolysis. Three different treatments, marination (M), ultrasound (US) and a combination of ultrasound and marination (USM), were applied to turkey meat. The USM caused the highest water‐holding capacity, increased tenderness and improved the general acceptability of turkey meat. SEM images of raw samples showed that US and M changed the structure of muscle fibres, exhibiting more cavities and irregular, broken and separated fibres. Cooking changed the muscle fibres of the sample, forming several cavities and separate fibres. SDS‐PAGE profiles showed that different treatments affected protein solubility during gastric digestion. Ultrasound treatment caused the loss of some essential amino acids in the supernatant of intestinal digests, including lysine, leucine and tyrosine. In vitro bioaccessibility of leucine, threonine, lysine, valine and isoleucine was the highest in the untreated sample.
How can food frequency questionnaire evaluate the intake of processed foods with added emulsifiers? A pilot study
Authors: Ajabnoor Sarah M. , Khatib Mai A.
Published: August 2024

Emulsifiers are widely used by food manufacturers, and their consumption has been linked to adverse health outcomes. The average dietary intake of emulsifiers has been poorly reported because no dietary assessment tool is yet available to determine their qualitative or quantitative intake. The present study aimed to validate a newly developed food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for assessing the intake of foods with added emulsifiers. A cross‐sectional study was conducted on a sample of healthy female adults living in Saudi Arabia. All participants completed the FFQ alongside 3‐day food records (Reference method). Pearson's correlation test, cross‐classification analysis and weighted kappa (κw) statistics were used to assess the validity of the new FFQ against the reference method. The results showed variation in relative validity and level of agreement of food items and/or groups consumption between the two methods. Correlation coefficient values ≥0.5 were reported for some food items (i.e., condensed/evaporated milk, packaged powdered soup/broths and vegetable/nut purees). The FFQ demonstrated an acceptable degree of agreement between the two methods for the confectionery, dairy products and ‘other foods’ with ≥50% of participants classified into the same tertile by both methods (κw = 0.2–0.48). However, poor agreement outcomes were found with bakery products, processed meats and beverages with <50% of participants classified in the same tertile (κw < 0.2). The present study indicated that the new FFQ is a suitable qualitative tool for assessing intakes of food emulsifiers. However, the tool still needs further validation.
Modulation of pea protein isolate hydrogels by adding kappa‐carrageenan: gelling properties and formation mechanism
Authors: Bartkuvienė Ieva , Keršienė Milda , Petrikaitė Vilma , Leskauskaitė Daiva
Published: August 2024

Our study focuses on the gelling properties of pea protein (PP), which are comparatively weaker than those of other plant proteins, thereby limiting its application. However, we found that the addition of κ‐carrageenan (κ‐CAR) significantly (P < 0.05) increased PP gels' hardness and water‐holding capacity irrespective of gel formation temperature (80 or 95 °C). Rheological and microstructural analysis confirmed a synergistic effect between PP and κ‐CAR, with higher synergy values observed in hydrogels formulated at 95 °C. Molecular force studies revealed that non‐covalent interactions were dominant, with disulphide bonds contributing only to the structure of gels formed at 95 °C. These promising findings not only enhance our understanding of the PP and κ‐CAR gel formation mechanism but also hold practical implications, potentially leading to improved gelling properties of PP and expanding its applications in the food industry.
Multiplex PCR assay for the accurate and rapid detection and differentiation of Lactococcus garvieae and L. petauri
Authors: Ustaoglu Dilek , Öztürk Rafet Çağrı , Ture Mustafa , Colussi Silvia , Pastorino Paolo , Vela Ana Isabel , Kotzamanidis Charalampos , Volpatti Donatella , Acutis Pier Luigi , Altinok Ilhan
Published: August 2024

Lactococcosis is a common bacterial fish disease caused by Lactococcus garvieae, L. petauri and L. formosensis. Although there are different PCR‐based techniques to identify the etiological agent, none of these can differentiate these two bacteria without sequencing PCR‐amplified fragments. In the present study, we developed a multiplex PCR assay for simultaneous detection and differentiation of L. garvieae and L. petauri. The specificity of the primers was validated against the bacterial DNA of the targeted and non‐targeted bacteria. The sizes of the PCR amplicons were obtained as 204 bp for the DUF1430 domain‐containing protein gene of L. garvieae, 465 bp for the Lichenan permease IIC component gene of L. petauri, and 302 bp for the teichoic acid biosynthesis protein F gene of both L. garvieae and L. petauri. The PCR amplicons were clearly separated by agarose gel electrophoresis. The multiplex PCR assay did not produce any amplification products with the DNA of the non‐targeted bacteria. The multiplex PCR detection limits for L. garvieae and L. petauri were 5 and 4 CFU in pure culture and 50 and 40 CFU/g in spiked tissue samples, respectively. It takes less than 2 h from plate‐cultured bacteria and 3 h from tissue samples to get results. In conclusion, the developed multiplex PCR assay is a rapid, specific, accurate, and cost‐effective method for the detection and differentiation of L. garvieae and L. petauri and is suitable to be used for routine laboratory diagnosis of L. garvieae and L. petauri.
Adding mixed probiotic to a low‐crude‐protein diet: Effects on production efficiency, nutrient retention, faecal gas discharge, faecal score and meat quality of finishing pigs
Authors: Biswas Sarbani , Kim Min Hee , Kang Dae‐Kyung , Baek Dong Heon , Kim In Ho
Published: August 2024

This study examined the impact of mixed probiotic inclusion in a reduced crude protein (CP) diet on production performance, nutrient retention, gas emissions, faecal score and meat quality of finishing pigs. In total, 150 pigs (body weight [BW] of 49.9 ± 2.80 kg and 6‐week trial) were arbitrarily distributed to one of three dietary treatments (10 replications per treatment, five pigs including three gilts and two barrows per replication). The dietary treatments were Positive Control/standard diet, 17.5% CP (PC); Negative Control/reduced (2.5%) CP diet, 15% CP (NC); and NC + 0.1% probiotic mix (NCP). Pigs fed the NCP diet exhibited tendency to increase BW gain at Week 6, increased the average daily gain (ADG) of pigs during Weeks 3–6 and showed tendency to increase ADG during the overall period than the NC diet. The CP digestibility decreased at Week 6 and presented a tendency to decrease at Week 3 in pigs fed the NC diet compared with the PC diet. However, CP digestibility increased with the NCP diet at Weeks 3 and 6 compared with the NC diet. A tendency in the reduction of H2S emissions from pig's faeces at Weeks 3 and 6 was observed by the NCP diet compared with NC and PC diets. Pigs fed the NC diet showed a lower faecal score than the PC diet at Week 6. The NC diet resulted in lower cooking loss and drip loss to the PC diet. Moreover, longissimus muscle area showed tendency to increase, cooking loss exhibited tendency to decrease and drip loss decreased in the meat samples of pigs receiving the NCP diet compared with the NC diet alone. The NCP diet exhibited great promise in maintaining performance by enhancing the growth performance, digestibility, mitigating gas emissions and improving the quality of meat in finishing pigs.
Effects of vineyard inter‐row management on soil physical properties and organic carbon in Central European vineyards
Authors: Liebhard Gunther , Winter Silvia , Zaller Johann G. , Bauer Thomas , Fantappiè Maria , Strauss Peter
Published: August 2024

The intensity and frequency of inter‐row management in vineyards are highly diverse and depend on local environmental conditions and the wine grower's attitude and experience. Reasons for different management include water conservation, weed and pest control, biological activity promotion and soil fertility and biodiversity preservation. We studied different soil cover management in 16 paired vineyards located at eight sites in the Leithaberg and Carnuntum regions of eastern Austria. To this end, we compared inter‐rows with medium intensity (Periodically Mechanically Disturbed) and low intensity (Permanent Green Cover). We investigated the effects of these different management intensities on soil organic carbon, bulk density, saturated and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, pore size distribution and percolation stability in the upper soil layer from 3 to 8 cm. Soil organic carbon and percolation stability were significantly higher and soil bulk density was significantly lower in vineyards with permanent green cover. No significant differences were observed for saturated hydraulic conductivity, pore size distribution and plant available water. This may be attributed to a minor effect as a result of the time lag of up to 2 years since the last tillage. Regression analysis to predict plant‐available water for local vineyard soils also showed that texture, total organic carbon and bulk density were suitable predictor variables. These results suggest that both investigated inter‐row management systems support a good soil structure for winegrowers. Organic carbon content and parameters interacting with organic carbon may still be improved with permanent vegetation cover systems; however, the positive effects on plant available water are limited.
Social Media Personalities in Asia: Demographics, Platform Preferences, and Behavior Based Analysis
Authors: AlAfnan Mohammad Awad
Published: August 2024

This study investigates social media personalities in Asia, shedding light on their demographics, platform preferences, and user behaviors across 16 countries. The findings reveal a significant predominance of younger users, highlighting the importance of targeting this demographic in marketing strategies. The study also underscores the pervasive influence of social media in daily life, with platforms like Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, LinkedIn, X (Twitter), WhatsApp, Telegram, and Snapchat widely adopted for various purposes in Asia. The study shows that different personality types (Approval Seeker, Changeling, Denier, Lurker, Peacock, Quizzer, Ranter, Ultra, Virgin, Social Butterfly, and Informer) exhibit distinct preferences for social media platforms, indicating the need for tailored marketing strategies. Furthermore, the correlation between countries of origin and social media personalities underscores cultural nuances and regional trends in usage. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for effectively engaging diverse audiences across the region. The study suggests practical implications for marketers to customize their strategies based on dominant personality types and platform preferences in each market, empowering them to make informed decisions. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into social media behavior in Asia, equipping marketers, policymakers, and researchers with the understanding and tools to navigate the evolving landscape of social media engagement. The dominance of the Lurker personality type in Asia emphasizes that ‘silent majorities’ also exist in the digital sphere as they exist in the real world. Future research could explore the motivations driving social media usage and personality traits among Asian users considering cultural influences. Despite valuable insights gained, limitations such as response bias should be considered.
The effect of an acute bout of exercise on circulating vitamin D metabolite concentrations: a randomised crossover study in healthy adults
Authors: Davies Sophie E. , Perkin Oliver J. , Betts James A. , Gonzalez Javier T. , Hewison Martin , Jenkinson Carl , Jones Kerry S. , Meadows Sarah R. , Parkington Damon A. , Koulman Albert , Thompson Dylan
Published: August 2024

The effect of acute exercise on circulating concentrations of vitamin D metabolites is unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we examined the effect of a bout of treadmill‐based exercise versus rest on circulating concentrations of 25(OH)D3, 25(OH)D2, 3‐epi‐25(OH)D3, 24,25(OH)2D3, 1,25(OH)2D3, and vitamin D2 and D3 in healthy men and women. Thirty‐three healthy adults (14 females, 41 (15) years, body mass index 26.2 (3.7) kg/m2, 36.2 (9.2) ml/kg/min; mean (SD)) completed two laboratory visits involving 60 min of moderate‐intensity treadmill exercise (60% ) versus 60 min of seated rest, both in an overnight fasted‐state, as part of a randomised crossover design. Venous blood samples were drawn at baseline, immediately (0 h), 1 h and 24 h after the exercise or rest‐period. There was a significant time × trial interaction effect for total circulating 25(OH)D (P = 0.0148), 25(OH)D3 (P = 0.0127) and 1,25(OH)2D3 (P = 0.0226). Immediately post‐exercise, 25(OH)D, 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 concentrations were significantly elevated compared to the control resting condition, and 1,25(OH) 2D3 remained significantly elevated 1 h later. Circulating albumin, vitamin D binding protein, calcium and parathyroid hormone were elevated immediately post‐exercise. Thus, an acute bout of moderate intensity exercise transiently increases concentrations of circulating 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D3 compared to resting conditions.

image

Key points

Observational studies suggest that acute exercise might change circulating concentrations of vitamin D metabolites, but this has not been investigated using randomised crossover studies and using robust analytical procedures.

In this study, we used a randomised crossover design to examine the effect of a bout of treadmill‐based exercise (vs. rest) on circulating concentrations of a wide range of vitamin D metabolites in healthy humans.

We show that an acute bout of moderate intensity exercise transiently increases concentrations of circulating 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D3 compared to resting conditions.

These findings indicate that regular exercise could lead to transient but regular windows of enhanced vitamin D biological action.
3D Orbital Architecture of Exoplanetary Systems: KAM-Stability Analysis
Authors: Caracciolo Chiara , Locatelli Ugo , Sansottera Marco , Volpi Mara
Published: August 2024

We study the KAM-stability of several single star two-planet
nonresonant extrasolar systems. It is likely that the observed
exoplanets are the most massive of the system considered. Therefore,
their robust stability is a crucial and necessary condition for the
long-term survival of the system when considering potential
additional exoplanets yet to be seen. Our study is based on the
construction of a combination of lower-dimensional elliptic and KAM
tori, so as to better approximate the dynamics in the framework of
accurate secular models. For each extrasolar system, we explore the
parameter space of both inclinations: the one with respect to the
line of sight and the mutual inclination between the planets. Our
approach shows that remarkable inclinations, resulting in
three-dimensional architectures that are far from being coplanar,
can be compatible with the KAM stability of the system. We find
that the highest values of the mutual inclinations are comparable to
those of the few systems for which the said inclinations are determined
by the observations.
Emergency department attendances and inpatient admissions due to mpox infection, England, 2022
Authors: Taylor Hannah , Humphreys Clare , Verlander Neville Q , Bhattacharya Alex , Vivancos Roberto , Paranthaman Karthik
Published: August 2024

Objectives

In 2022, a global outbreak of mpox was reported. In the UK, it predominantly affected gay, bisexual and men who have sex with men (GBMSM). The study objectives were to describe the impact of the mpox outbreak on healthcare service usage in England in 2022, particularly emergency department (ED) attendance, inpatient admission and a number of bed days. Additionally, we wanted to explore whether pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) usage, as a marker of condomless anal intercourse, which increases the risk of sexually transmitted infections associated with compromised skin integrity, was associated with higher ED attendance or hospital attendance.

Methods

Data on adult males with laboratory-confirmed mpox were linked with hospital records and described. Using routinely collected data and self-reported exposure data (including PrEP usage) from surveillance questionnaires, multinomial regression was used to estimate adjusted relative risk ratios (aRRRs) with 95% CIs for ED attendance and hospital admission compared with those not admitted.

Results

Among 3542 adult males with mpox during May to December 2022, 544 (15.4%) attended ED and 202 (5.7%) were admitted to the hospital. London had the most cases (2393, 68.7%), ED attendances (391, 71.9%) and hospital admissions (121, 59.9%). In multinomial regression, we found strong evidence that compared with people living with HIV, the aRRR for hospital admissions was higher in those not using PrEP (6.9 (95% CI 2.3 to 20.6) vs 4.9 (95% CI 1.7 to 14.1)). The aRRR for ED attendance was 0.63 (95% CI 0.36 to 1.1) for those not using PrEP versus 0.49 (95% CI 0.31 to 0.79).

Conclusions

This outbreak had a considerable impact on health services, particularly in high-incidence areas. Commissioners of sexual and healthcare services should review plans for healthcare provision for similar sexually transmitted infection or novel outbreaks among GBMSM or naïve populations in the future. Further studies are needed to confirm and identify reasons for the higher likelihood of hospital admission seen for GBMSM without HIV infection.
Designing observables for measurements with deep learning
Authors: Long Owen , Nachman Benjamin
Published: August 2024

Many analyses in particle and nuclear physics use simulations to infer fundamental, effective, or phenomenological parameters of the underlying physics models. When the inference is performed with unfolded cross sections, the observables are designed using physics intuition and heuristics. We propose to design targeted observables with machine learning. Unfolded, differential cross sections in a neural network output contain the most information about parameters of interest and can be well-measured by construction. The networks are trained using a custom loss function that rewards outputs that are sensitive to the parameter(s) of interest while simultaneously penalizing outputs that are different between particle-level and detector-level (to minimize detector distortions). We demonstrate this idea in simulation using two physics models for inclusive measurements in deep inelastic scattering. We find that the new approach is more sensitive than classical observables at distinguishing the two models and also has a reduced unfolding uncertainty due to the reduced detector distortions.
Modelling the accelerating universe with f(Q) gravity: observational consistency
Authors: Narawade S. A. , Shekh S. H. , Mishra B. , Khyllep Wompherdeiki , Dutta Jibitesh
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we present a cosmological model within the framework of symmetric teleparallel gravity, focusing on f(Q) gravity, where Q represents the non-metricity scalar. Utilizing cosmological datasets, we derive an accelerating cosmological model by constraining its free parameters. To achieve this, we determine the parametric form of the Hubble parameter using a well-motivated f(Q) function. Remarkably, all obtained values fall within the range suggested by cosmological observations. By employing the best-fit parameters, we calculate the present geometrical parameters and demonstrate the accelerating behaviour of the Universe. Furthermore, we thoroughly examine the evolutionary behaviours of the Universe, noting that our model converges to the $$\Lambda $$
Λ
CDM model at late times. Finally, we investigate the energy conditions and find a violation of the strong energy condition, which could provide a valuable understanding of the nature of dark energy.
Seventh Generation: Voices of the Rezilient
Authors: Salazar Sibella B. , Shendo Benjamin S. , Pérez-Rojas Andrés E.
Published: August 2024

In this phenomenological study, we examined the meaning of resilience for seventh generation Pueblo people who took part in the historic Water Protector movement against the construction of the Dakota Access pipeline. Using focus group data from eight Pueblo participants, four themes were developed: (a) Creating Interconnectivity, highlighting the significance of resilience in fostering connections with all living beings and things across time; (b) Cultivating Resilience, emphasizing the role of relationships, especially with women caregivers and role models, in nurturing resilience; (c) Being Resourceful to Overcome Oppressive Hurdles, involving awareness of historical trauma, proactive actions like protests, and patience for change; and (d) A Way of Healing, illustrating how resilience serves as a source of healing through engagement in spiritual practices of prayer, ceremony, love, forgiveness, and sovereignty. These findings may encourage counseling psychologists to reflect Indigenous epistemologies of resilience for genuine decolonization of the psychological literature.
Understanding Romantic Relational Aggression in Emerging Adults Using Latent Profile Analysis of Jealousy and Hostile Attribution Bias
Authors: Kokkinos Constantinos M. , Voulgaridou Ioanna , Kokkinou Anastasia
Published: August 2024

The present study sought to identify profiles of 753 emerging adults (62.5% females) with different levels of hostile attribution bias (HAB) and jealousy dimensions (i.e., cognitive, emotional, behavioral) and examined differences in their levels of romantic relational aggression (RoRAgg) across profiles. Participants were recruited from Greek universities and completed and online survey. Using a person-centered approach, Latent Profile Analysis indicated the presence of three profiles of participants: a) jealous and hostile intent attributers who had high scores on jealousy dimensions and HAB, b) low risk who scored low on jealousy and HAB, and c) emotionally jealous and moderate hostile intent attributers with moderate cognitive and behavioral jealousy as well as HAB, and high emotional jealousy. As predicted, jealous and hostile intent attributers scored higher on RoRAgg compared with emotionally jealous and moderate hostile intent attributers and low risk. The findings confirm previous research and are discussed in terms of their implications. Interventions targeting relational aggressor’s hostile attributions, cognitive suspicions, and negative thoughts should be implemented to reduce RoRAgg.
Reception to and Efficacy of a Serious Video Game for Correctional Intervention: Project Choices
Authors: Diehl Keegan J. , Morgan Robert D. , King Christopher M. , Ingram Paul B. , Mitchell Cooper
Published: August 2024

Project Choices ( PC), a newly developed videogame for correctional intervention, consists of realistic decision-making scenarios and cognitive behavioral skills feedback. A pilot study investigated PC engagement and immersion by employing a cross-over design with a sample of 24 men on probation remanded to residential treatment. The study also examined effects of gameplay on criminogenic thinking, self-perceived criminogenic risk, and social problem-solving. As hypothesized, relative to a leisure video game ( Tetris), participants generally appeared comparably engaged by and immersed in PC. Most hypothesized effects of PC on treatment-relevant outcomes were not statistically significant; however, PC contributed to moderate to large treatment effects across most outcomes of interest. Although results are promising, PC requires further validation to determine whether it could serve as a useful adjunctive tool for practitioners hoping to further reach and engage corrections clients in criminogenic risk-reduction services. Future research directions for technology like PC are numerous and encouraged.
Key Informants’ Visions and Solutions to Improve Home- and Community-Based Services for Older Adults and Persons With Dementia
Authors: Siconolfi Daniel , Waymouth Molly , Friedman Esther M. , Saliba Debra , Shih Regina A.
Published: August 2024

Recent decades have seen state successes in rebalancing Medicaid long-term care from institutional care (e.g., nursing homes) into home and community settings. However, significant barriers can prevent access to home and community-based services (HCBS) among older adults and persons with dementia. Qualitative research on potential innovations and solutions in the contemporary context with attention to a wider range of state-level policy contexts is limited. Drawing on interviews with 49 key informants including state Medicaid officials, HCBS providers, and advocates for persons with dementia across 11 states, we examined perceived solutions to barriers. Key informants articulated a range of potential solutions and innovations, ranging from tangible or realized policy changes to ‘magic wand’ solutions. Policy research has typically focused on the former; excluding the latter may miss opportunities to envision and design a more effective long-term care system for persons living with dementia and older adults.
A Study of Citations: Bibliometric Analysis of the 100 Top-cited Publications on Panic Disorder
Authors: Bhatia Gayatri , Kabra Vrinda , Chandi Anureet Kaur , Mathur Rahul
Published: August 2024

Background:

The number of times a publication is cited in scientific research papers is often considered to estimate its contribution to biomedical literature. Although extensive research has been conducted on panic disorder over time, attempts at a citation analysis have yet to be made to the best of our knowledge.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to understand the trends of research on panic disorder from the top 100 most-cited publications worldwide.

Materials and Methods:

A citation analysis of the top 100 panic disorder publications was conducted, using Harzing’s Publish or Perish to identify articles from Google Scholar. The study analyzed citation patterns, authorship, publication types, and themes. Exclusions comprised non-scientific materials. No ethics approval was needed as it involved published data, not human subjects.

Results:

Publications with more than 500 citations were 11, and those with more than 400 citations, known as citation classics, were 27. Fifty-nine publications were funded, of which 14 (23.8%) were clinical trials and 24 (40.7%) were observational studies. The maximum number of articles was published between 1990 and 1999 ( n = 45), followed by 2000 and 2009 ( n = 26). The h-index of the first author showed a significant positive correlation with the number of citations of the paper (Spearman’s ρ = 0.480, P = 0.02). Among research papers, the maximum were observational studies ( n = 44), followed by 19 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and eight non-randomized clinical trials. Additionally, among RCTs ( n = 19), 17 were focused on the management theme.

Conclusion:

This bibliometric analysis is an invaluable resource for scholars and students who might be interested in learning about the developments and patterns in the field of panic disorder research.
Exploring the Perceptions of Indian Mental Health Professionals Regarding Areca (Betel) Nut Products: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Mohandoss Anusa Arunachalam , Ameen Shahul , Thavarajah Rooban
Published: August 2024

Background:

Areca nut (AN) and AN products (ANPs) are commonly used as psychoactive substances with marked dependence potential. Scant information exists on the Indian mental health professionals’ (MHPs) knowledge of AN-ANPs, attitude toward AN-ANP use/users, and behavior regarding their clients’ AN-ANP use. To address this gap, a survey was undertaken to assess MHPs’ knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral responses toward AN-ANP use and addiction.

Methods:

We developed a pretested, customized questionnaire and conducted a cross-sectional online survey among a random sample of MHPs.

Results:

The 209 respondents included 91 psychiatrists, 105 clinical psychologists, and 13 other MHPs from diverse settings. Among them, 46.89% believed that AN-ANP use does not fit the definition of abuse/addiction as per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition or International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD-10)/ICD-11. Among the psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, and other MHPs, 60.4%, 48.6%, and 61.5% were unaware of any AN-ANP cessation protocols. The addictive potential of AN-ANP with tobacco was rated as severe by 68.1% of psychiatrists and 51.4% of clinical psychologists; 46.2% of other MHPs rated it as moderate. The addictive potential of AN-ANP without tobacco was rated as moderate by 50.5% of clinical psychologists and mild by 46.2% of psychiatrists. Of the sample, 67.46% discussed the harmful effects of AN-ANPs with clients, while 74.6% said a few or none of their clients sought help for AN-ANP cessation.

Conclusion:

Major lacunae were detected in the understanding of Indian MHPs about the addictive potential of AN-ANPs, management aspects, etc. An urgent need has been revealed for sensitization programs on AN-ANPs and the development of evidence-based cessation protocols.
Outcome of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support among children with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection: A single-center experience
Authors: Luangrath Mitchell A , Chegondi Madhuradhar , Badheka Aditya
Published: August 2024

Introduction: The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in children continues to increase nationally, including patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. Survival of pediatric patients with MRSA sepsis has not improved over the last 20 years. We sought to review our institutional experience and outcomes of ECMO support among children with MRSA infection.

Methods: Children aged 0–19 years who received ECMO support from October 2014 to June 2021 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients with laboratory confirmed MRSA infections were identified.

Results: Out of 88 unique pediatric patients requiring ECMO support, eight patients had documented MRSA infections. The duration of mechanical ventilation prior to ECMO initiation was an average of seven days (range 0.7 to 21.8 days). The median ECMO duration was 648.1 h (range 15.5 to 1580.5 h). Five patients were successfully decannulated; however, only two patients survived to discharge. The two surviving patients were both cannulated via VV-ECMO. Mechanical ventilation prior to ECMO was 4.5 and 21.8 days in these cases with run durations of 18.9 and 29.9 days, respectively.

Conclusions: Our institutional survival of patients with MRSA on ECMO is lower than what has been reported in recent database studies, but notably, 62.5% were successfully decannulated. While both surviving patients were supported with VV-ECMO, there was no other clear trend in factors that contributed to survival. MRSA continues to be a source of significant morbidity and mortality among pediatric patients. On-going investigation of outcomes and factors contributing to survival in patients with MRSA infection on ECMO is warranted.