bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wie wirken gemeldete SPS-Maßnahmen? Ein Gravitationsmodell des EU-Rindfleischhandels
Authors: Kramb Marc , Herrmann Roland
Published: August 2024

For decades, nontariff trade barriers (NTBs) have been regarded as more problematic policy instruments than tariffs in international trade negotiations. This is due to the fact that trade impacts of nontariff trade barriers are less transparent than those of tariffs. Tariffication of nontariff agricultural trade barriers was finally decided under the Uruguay Round of GATT. Although the OECD concluded that a reduction of NTBs took place after 1994, this finding can be challenged. First, tariff-rate quotas (TRQs) are not counted as NTBs by law although they cause effects similar to those of quotas. The number of TRQs has increased strongly after the Uruguay Round. Second, sanitary and phytosanitary measures, i.e. SPS measures, have become more important as notifications under the SPS Agreement do show. There are only few empirical studies available which analyze the effects of these SPS measures.WTO Notifications under the SPS Agreement are utilized in this contribution for measuring trade impacts of sanitary and phytosanitary trade barriers. We explain the WTO data base on SPS notifications. Then, a gravitation model is applied to the EU beef trade in the period January 1995 to June 2001. It is investigated how SPS measures, introduced by non-EU countries in the context of BSE, affected bilateral trade with the EU. We distinguish between 31 product groups which might be affected, and a fixed-effects model is used for analyzing the panel data. We elaborate that SPS measures related to BSE reduced EU beef export revenues in the major product categories significantly. The NTBs did not reduce exports to zero, however, as might have been expected. The percentage reduction of export revenues was 49 % for live cattle, 74 % for fresh and cooled beef and 86 % for frozen beef. For most other product groups, the percentage decline in sales was significant but lower in percentage terms. Apparently, SPS notifications indicate that bilateral trade is restricted but it does not definitely show that the notified measures by the importing country are actually implemented and for which time period. It seems very important in future analyses of the SPS measures to distinguish carefully between SPS notifications and SPS measures.
Regionaler Strukturwandel in der deutschen Milchproduktion
Authors: Lassen Birthe J. , Isermeyer Folkhard , Friedrich Carina
Published: August 2024

Results of analysis of agricultural statistics offer estimations about the future regional relocation of dairy production in Germany. Different methodologies are used within this paper to have a full overview on the most important aspects (analysis of market shares, site factor analysis, analysis of production costs). Analysis show partly conflicting results which do not allow exact predictions on future relocations of dairy production. But the results still give important guidelines on future changes.
20 years of transition - institutional reforms and the adaptation of production in Estonian agriculture
Authors: Viira Ants-Hannes , Põder Anne , Värnik Rando
Published: August 2024

This article provides an overview of the most important reforms, their background, and corresponding changes in Estonian agriculture during the transition period from 1988-2008. The past two decades have been divided into three sub-periods to outline differences in dynamics and the direction of changes in agriculture. From 1988-1995, the main reforms were implemented and agricultural production decreased rapidly. From 1995-2001, the decline stabilised and nonviable farms exited the sector. From 2001 onwards, the positive effects of the EU pre-accession period and EU membership can be observed.
Qualitative Analysis of Household Strategies and Developments of Austrian Family Farms engaged in Organic Agriculture
Authors: Larcher Manuela , Vogel Stefan
Published: August 2024

Based on a dataset of a qualitative longitudinal study of two serial in-depth interviews of 74 Austria farming families engaged in organic farming, we analyse organic farming families´ household strategies for a growth of their farming operation change in agriculture. The results are discussed in light of the social science debate on farm development. Over the study period of 14 years the household strategies of 35 farming families led to professionalization in farming, while the household strategies of 18 families led to disengagement from farming. Eight farms showed a stable economic development and 13 an unsteady direction of farm development. Our results suggest, that professionalized farms are more likely survive economically. Whether professionalization in farming will continue depends on the importance of farming in the overall professional life of the families.
Special Issue – Call for Papers „Future of EU Common Agricultural Policy after 2013”
Authors: GJAE
Published: August 2024

No summary available.
Sales and Price Synchronization in German Food Retailing
Authors: Hoffmann Angela , Loy Jens-Peter
Published: August 2024

German food retailing is characterized by a strong price competition. Thus, we would expect the law of one price to hold and price adjustments to occur simultaneously. However, significant price differences can be observed which are often caused by sales. As price promotions are not related to supply or demand changes, they might bias measures of price synchronization. As dairy products are a key category that is often used in sales, we study the impact of price promotions on measures of price synchronization using dairy product prices in the German food retail market. Our results show with a very few exceptions that price promotions significantly bias the measures of price synchronization within and between stores. Over all stores and products 25% of regular prices are synchronized but only 10% of promotional prices occur simultaneously. Discounters synchronize regular price changes to a greater extent and promotional prices to a lesser extent. The level of price synchronization between stores indicates a positive correlation with the number of competitors and with the level of menu costs. Price synchronization is lower for perishable compared to durable products. Also, some store and chain effects are observed. Within stores, regular price changes of substituting brands are highly synchronized whereas price promotions are staggered within the same category.
GEWISOLA-Preis 2010 für Dr. Silke Hüttel und Dr. Janine Pelikan
Authors: GJAE
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Erinnerung an einen Agrar-Futurologen: Günther Thiede wird 90
Authors: Willer Horst
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Der Markt für Obst
Authors: Schockemöhle Ursula , Würtenberger Eva
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Programm der 51. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften des Landbaues e.V. (GEWISOLA) 2011 in Halle/Saale
Authors: GJAE
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
GEWISOLA-Preis 2011 für Dr. Robert Finger
Authors: GJAE
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Der Markt für Obst
Authors: Schockemöhle Ursula
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Agricultural Land Markets – Recent Developments and Determinants Call for papers
Authors: GJAE
Published: August 2024

No summary available.
THEESFELD, I. and F. PIRSCHER (2011): Perspectives on Institutional Change – Water Management in Europe. Studies on the Agricultural and Food Sector in Central and Eastern Europe, Vol. 58.
Authors: GJAE
Published: August 2024

No summary available.
Programm der 52. Jahrestagung der GEWISOLA 26.-28. September 2012 in Hohenheim
Authors: GJAE
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
The Relation of Village and Rural Pubs with Community Life and People’s Well-Being in Great Britain
Authors: Cabras Ignazio , Canduela Jesus , Raeside Robert
Published: August 2024

In Great Britain the make-up of rural communities is changing. Young individuals are moving to cities and the population of rural communities is ageing. In this context, it is important to sustain and enhance people’s well-being and community cohesion. The purpose of this paper is to show that pubs are important facilitators of community cohesion and ultimately well-being of residents. This is done by compiling a database of secondary data at the parish level of rural communities of England. From this data, measures of community cohesion and social interaction are derived and correlated with the number of pubs within the parish. Pubs are found to be statistically significantly positively associated with community cohesion and social interaction. The paper goes on to construct regression and path models to relate the number of pubs and community cohesion and interaction to self-reported health as a proxy for well-being. Significant positive associations are again found. These findings provide a strong case to foster the sustainability of rural pubs.
Aspekte der Agrarpolitik 2011
Authors: Freier Martin , Petrick Martin , Glauben Thomas
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
GEWISOLA-Auszeichnungen 2013
Authors: GJAE
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Der Markt für Bioenergie
Authors: Henke Sören , Guenther-Lübbers Welf , Schaper Christian , Anschütz Tillmann , Theuvsen Ludwig
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Do we Need to Consider Bounded Rationality and Heuristic Decision Making when Trying to Understand the Weak Development of Weather-Index Insurance Markets in Agriculture? – An Exploratory Invest
Authors: Mußhoff Oliver , Grüner Sven , Hirschauer Norbert
Published: August 2024

Weather-index insurances are innovative risk management instruments that - compared to conventional insurances - cause low administration and regulation costs and are not accompanied by moral hazard or adverse selection problems. Despite these advantages, farmers make little use of weather-index insurances as yet. With this in mind, the present study focuses on the question if bounded rationality provides an explanation for the missing willingness to adopt this type of insurance. For lack of a natural experiment, an “extralaboratory experiment” is carried out in the form of a multi-period, single-person business simulation game with students of agricultural sciences. Two major questions are to be answered: first, does the demand for weather-index insurances change if the subjects are not only informed about the total insurance premium but also about the loading? Second, does demand change in a framing where subjects are told that the (unchanged loading) is the result of a subsidized insurance offer? In the experiment, the explicit communication of the loading did not have a significant effect. However, demand increased in the subsidization framing. This indicates that government funding is per se considered as a quality signal and that subsidized actions are preferred without an individual analysis of their relative competitiveness.Wetterindexversicherungen stellen innovative Risikomanagementinstrumente dar, die gegenüber herkömmlichen Versicherungen den Vorteil geringer Administrations- und Regulierungskosten aufweisen. Darüber hinaus entstehen keine Moral-Hazard- und Adverse-Selection-Probleme. Dennoch werden Wetterindexversicherungen in der Landwirtschaft bisher kaum eingesetzt. Vor diesem Hintergrund geht es im vorliegenden Beitrag um die Frage, ob begrenzte Rationalität ein Erklärungsansatz für die fehlende Adoptionsbereitschaft sein kann. Mangels eines natürlichen Experiments wird hierzu ein „Extra-Laboratory- Experiment“ in Form eines mehrperiodischen Einpersonen- Unternehmensplanspiels mit Studierenden der Agrarwissenschaften durchgeführt. Durch das Experiment sollen zwei zentrale Fragen beantwortet werden: Erstens, verändert sich die Nachfrage nach Wetterindexversicherungen, wenn den Teilnehmern explizit kommuniziert wird, welchen Anteil der Aufpreis an der gesamten Versicherungsprämie hat? Zweitens, verändert sich die Nachfrage in einem Framing, in dem sich der für die Teilnehmer unveränderte Aufpreis durch eine Subventionierung ergibt? Im Experiment hatte die explizite Kommunikation des Aufpreises keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Nachfrage. Mit einer Subventionierung von Wetterindexversicherungen stieg (bei gleichbleibenden Kosten) allerdings die Nachfrage. Dies ist ein Indiz, dass eine staatliche Förderung als Gütesignal wahrgenommen wird und subventionierte Handlungen auch ohne Analyse ihrer relativen ökonomischen Vorzüglichkeit bevorzugt werden.
Linking an Economic and a Life-cycle Analysis Biophysical Model to Support Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Policy
Authors: Eory Vera , MacLeod Michael , Shrestha Shailesh , Roberts David
Published: August 2024

Greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation is one of the main challenges facing agriculture, exacerbated by the increasing demand for food, in particular for livestock products. Production expansion needs to be accompanied by reductions in the GHG emission intensity of agricultural products, if significant increases in emissions are to be avoided. Suggested farm management changes often have systemic effects on farm, therefore their investigation requires a whole farm approach. At the same time, changes in GHG emissions arising offfarm in food supply chains (pre- or post-farm) can also occur as a consequence of these management changes. A modelling framework that quantifies the whole-farm, life-cycle effects of GHG mitigation measures on emissions and farm finances has been developed. It is demonstrated via a case study of sexed semen on Scottish dairy farms. The results show that using sexed semen on dairy farms might be a costeffective way to reduce emissions from cattle production by increasing the amount of lower emission intensity ‘dairy beef’ produced. It is concluded that a modelling framework combining a GHG life cycle analysis model and an economic model is a useful tool to help designing targeted agri-environmental policies at regional and national levels. It has the flexibility to model a wide variety of farm types, locations and management changes, and the LCA-approach adopted helps to ensure that GHG emission leakage does not occur in the supply chain.
Einladung zur Einreichung von Beiträgen 55. GEWISOLA-Tagung, 23.-25.09.2015, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen
Authors: GJAE
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Der Markt für Fleisch und Fleischprodukte
Authors: Efken Josef , Krug Oliver , Rieger Jörg
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Der Markt für Obst und Gemüse
Authors: Schulte Michael , Sonntag Winnie , Theuvsen Ludwig
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Der Markt für Bioenergie
Authors: Kröger Rhena , Langenberg Josef , Guenther-Lübbers Welf , Schaper Christian , Theuvsen Ludwig
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Optimizing Inspection Strategies to Enforce Organic Farming Standards
Authors: Lippert Christian , Zorn Alexander , Dabbert Stephan
Published: August 2024

The organic market depends on an effective and efficient certification system. Control bodies or authorities are pivotal to this system. From a social point of view, our objective is to theoretically optimize inspection strategies. For this, sanctions and inspection frequencies have to be implemented in a way that the net social damage arising from farmers’ non-compliance with an organic standard will be minimized. In scenarios that combine different kinds of social damages, fines and compliance cost distributions for an assumed set of farms we use Monte Carlo simulations to model farmers’ non-compliance and resulting social damages. Depending on potential reputation losses and compliance cost variability among farms we identify different adequate control frequencies.
Identification of Factors Influencing the Use of Slurry Solids as Fermentation Substrate in Biogas Plants
Authors: Kröger Rhena , Konerding Jan Robert , Theuvsen Ludwig
Published: August 2024

Due to meanwhile high prices on agricultural markets and new legislation, more and more biogas plant operators are faced with the challenge of operating their plants economically and in line with the existing legal framework. Against this background, the search for alternative fermentation substrates has been intensified. Because of this development and the increasing problems of nutrient surpluses in regions characterized by high livestock densities, slurry solids have increasingly been taken into consideration as fermentation substrates. So far there has been very little knowledge about biogas plant operators’ willingness to accept solids from slurry separation as fermentation substrates. To close this research gap, this study empirically identifies determinants of plant operators’ willingness to use slurry solids. The research framework is a model inspired by the Technology Acceptance Model 2 by VENKATESH and DAVIS (2000). For data analysis, the partial least squares method (PLS) was used. The results show that the operators are generally interested in slurry solids but only a few are actually willing to use this substrate. 53 % of the intention to use manure solids and 68 % of the usage behavior could be explained by the model. Important decision criteria are the costs, the legal environment as well as the biogas plant operators’ risk attitudes and openness for innovations.
Einladung zur Einreichung von Beiträgen 57. Jahrestagung der GEWISOLA und 27. Jahrestagung der ÖGA,13.-15. September 2017 in Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München
Authors: GJAE
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Call for Papers 57th GEWISOLA Annual Conference and 27th ÖGA Annual Conference, September 13-15, 2017, Technical University of Munich (TUM)
Authors: GJAE
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Der Markt für Milch und Milcherzeugnisse im Jahr 2015
Authors: Kühl Sarah , Fahlbusch Markus , Ermann Manuel , Brümmer Bernhard , Schulze-Ehlers Birgit
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Der Markt für Fleisch und Fleischprodukte
Authors: Efken Josef
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Dissertationen SS 2016 – WS 2016/17 aus dem Bereich der Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften des Landbaus
Authors: GJAE
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Programm der 57. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften des Landbaues sowie der 27. Jahrestagung der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Agrarökonomie
Authors: GJAE
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Dynamic Capabilities of Export Service Providers in the Fruit and Vegetable Sector: Approaches to Overcome Internal Export Barriers
Authors: Garcia Haydee Calderón , Kolbe Diana
Published: August 2024

Intermediaries are the mainstay of fruit and vegetable commercialization in foreign markets. However, they face strategic problems that undermine their competitiveness and impede their international development. In order to compete in export markets, these mainly small and medium-sized enterprises require dynamic capabilities which are not possessed by all of them. Existing research has not fully researched dynamic capabilities which determine the success in the exportation of fresh fruit and vegetables. Based on seven in-depth interviews, our contribution in this work is to determine what specific dynamic capabilities of the fruit and vegetable distributing companies contribute to an improvement in the export performance. The results of the conducted explorative and qualitative study show that four dynamic capabilities, the relationship management, the consumer orientation, the transparency and the communication along the value chain and brand management can help to solve most of the internal barriers and strategies and as a consequence influence positively in the export results.
Der Markt für Obst und Gemüse
Authors: Wellner Marie , Knoop Mira , Theuvsen Ludwig
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Der Weinmarkt
Authors: Hoffmann Dieter , Loose Simone
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
There ain’t no such Thing as a Free Lunch: Intra-sustainable Trade-offs in Broiler Production from a Consumer’s Perception
Authors: Sonntag Winnie Isabel , Golze Stefan , Spiller Achim , Von Meyer-Höfer Marie
Published: August 2024

Expectations of the society regarding the production of food, especially the production of broiler meat, are continuously rising. From a production-related and environmental protection point of view, consumer demands cannot be implemented without conflicts. Trade-offs are induced in different dimensions, for example between animal welfare, climate protection and profitability. Little is known about consumer re-action to trade-offs in broiler production. With the help of ten 90-minute half structured guideline-based interviews, which were supported by images, it was investigated if consumers were aware of the trade-offs in broiler production systems. During these interviews, participants were shown pictures of both, floor systems with litter and free-range housing. Afterward they were given short, neutral texts with information to help illustrating the trade-offs. The results show that consumer awareness regarding trade-offs in broiler production systems hardly exists. Furthermore, reactions of citizens when confronted with trade-offs were analyzed. The decision process to solve the trade-offs problems was heterogeneous and dominated by animal welfare preferences. In general, participants´ decision behavior was different between the positively framed (outdoor access) and the negatively framed (floor system with litter) system. Participants´ consideration regarding the negative system (floor system with litter) was very emotional in most cases. Furthermore, cognitive dissonances and suppression could be observed. In contrast, the pros and cons of the positively framed system (outdoor access) were evaluated more rational, with goal dominance for animal welfare arguments.
Alley Cropping Agroforestry Systems: Using Monte-Carlo Simulation for a Risk Analysis in Comparison with Arable Farming Systems
Authors: Langenberg Josef , Feldmann Marius , Theuvsen Ludwig
Published: August 2024

Alley cropping agroforestry systems are mixed farming systems in which forest stripes are cultivated simultaneously with annual crops or pasture systems. Agroforestry systems have several advantages like lower levels of soil erosion, the reduction of nutrient leaching, increasing biodiversity and an improvement of the landscape. Despite the various advantages, the number of agroforestry system in Germany is negligible and alley cropping is only applied at specific experimental sites. Reasons for this retention might be economic disadvantages in comparison with traditional annual cropping systems. In order to compare the profitability and risk profiles of agroforestry and traditional annual cropping systems, we applied Monte-Carlo simulation. The analysis is based on data from two different experimental farms in Germany. In comparison with an annual arable farming system, the experimental agroforestry system in Dornburg shows a higher expected value of the performance cost difference in combination with a lower standard deviation. For the second experimental site in Forst, the results also reveal a higher expected value of the performance cost difference for the agroforestry system in comparison to the annual arable farming system. However, differences to the first experimental area occur because in Forst the standard deviation is higher for the agroforestry system than for the annual arable farming system. Thus, in both cases the agroforestry system turns out to be more profitable than the annual arable farming system but in the case of the Forst the higher profitability goes hand in hand with higher risk. The results have manifold implications for agricultural policy and future research.
A Public Perspective of Undercover Investigations in Animal Husbandry – an Interaction between Agriculture, Animal Welfare Organizations and Governmental Control
Authors: Schulze Maureen , Risius Antje , Spiller Achim
Published: August 2024

Undercover investigations in animal husbandry have attracted great media attention in recent years. Animal welfare organizations, farmers and politi-cians have been discussing the need for undercover investigations and their consequences for animal activists. Since the public perspective and its influencing factors had not previously been scientifically investigated an exploratory study with 292 German consumers is conducted. Using structural equation modeling the attitude to undercover investigations and their influencing factors are revealed. Generally the results show a positive attitude towards undercover investigations. They are perceived as necessary for animal welfare reasons because state-owned control mechanisms are unsatisfactory. In addition, the results show that the work of responsible animal welfare organizations receives social approval and the public is unsure about the psychological burden on affected farmers. The positive attitude towards undercover investigations is influenced by the increasingly critical view on livestock farming. However, the public rejects harsher punishment of investigators. Undercover investigations demonstrate the discrepancy between agriculture and society and show that the welfare of farm animals is becoming increasingly important.
Aspekte der Agrarpolitik 2017
Authors: Chabassier Laura , Demoustier Jana , Herzfeld Thomas
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Integration and Hierarchy of Pork Markets in the EU: An Analysis from the Vantage of Graph Theory
Authors: Fousekis Panos , Grigoriadis Vasilis
Published: August 2024

The work investigates empirically the degree of integration and the hierarchical structure of the EU pork meat markets using tools and concepts from Graph Theory. The empirical results suggest: First, the strength of price co-movement has been closely related to the physical distance between national markets. This, has given rise to market clustering that largely corresponds to different
Intra-Industry Trade in Agricultural and Food Products: The Case of Greece prior and during the Debt Crisis
Authors: Dadakas Dimitrios
Published: August 2024

This article examines the evolution of Greek Intra-Industry Trade (IIT) in agri-food products during the period 2002-2016, concentrating on evident changes in IIT shares after the onset of the 2009 Greek debt crisis. The severity of the Greek crisis, which affected the main determinants of IIT, presents a unique opportunity to study producers’ reaction and infer on policy targets to assist trade during economic downturns. I concentrate on agricultural and food products, as they have received less attention in the IIT literature and examine IIT through the Grubel-Lloyd index and by separating IIT into Horizontal IIT (HIIT), and high and low-quality Vertical IIT (HVIIT and LVIIT). Results indicate the post-2009 growth of high-quality VIIT exports in products that require a high degree of processing. Panel VAR analysis indicates that negative shocks to GDP have a significant and persistent negative impact on VIIT and HVIIT.
What Does the Agricultural Sector really Think about Crop Protection? Results of an Implicit Association Test
Authors: Römer Ulf , Schaak Henning , Mußhoff Oliver , Goudschaal Heinrich S.
Published: August 2024

Chemical plant protection and protection by genetic modification of crops are being discussed controversially by the public as well as by the agri-food industry itself. However, attitudes towards different methods of plant protection have so far only been studied by standard surveys, which may provide a biased or incomplete picture. This study contributes information about the perception of different methods of plant protection by examining explicit as well as implicit attitudes of agricultural students — the future producers and decision-makers of the agricultural sector. The implicit attitudes were measured using a Single-Category Implicit Association Test. The test was conducted with 233 agricultural students. The results show that agricultural students assess chemical crop protection and protection by genetic modification of crops positively in a direct survey, but show negative attitudes in the case of implicit measurement. This indicates that opinions in the controversial crop protection debate, thus far solely assessed based on surveys, should be critically reviewed.
Animal-Ethical Intuitions in Germany: Developing a Measuring Instrument to Capture Domain-Specific Values in the Context of the Human-Animal Relationship
Authors: Hölker Sarah , Steinfath Holmer , Von Meyer-Höfer Marie , Spiller Achim
Published: August 2024

In the recent past, society has increasingly questioned the way animals are treated, especially so-called farm animals. Such ethical values, dealing with the morally correct treatment of animals, affect human behaviour. Therefore, it is of great importance for the agricultural sector in particular to gain a deeper understanding of animal-ethical values in society in order to meet the changing demands. Since such animal-ethical values cover the thematic complex of the human-animal relationship in a very general way and mirror fundamental values, they can be classified in the human value system at the level of domain-specific values. Domain-specific values are characterized by the fact that they are relatively stable over time and are to a certain extent generalizable. The aim of the present study is to develop reliable and valid scales to capture domain-specific values in the context of the human-animal relationship. This is based on core statements of central animal-ethical positions from philosophy. A confirmatory factor analysis reveals that animal-ethical values can be identified in society and that the developed scales are of good reliability and validity. Furthermore, the descriptive results provide a first overview of which animal-ethical values are represented in the German population. Thus, the original anthropocentrism, allowing humans to treat animals as they want, is almost completely rejected. The new contractarian approach (“New Deal”), however, receives an extremely high level of approval. This animal-ethical position in principle allows humans to use animals, but, in exchange, they have to enable them to live a good life.
Age-Friendly Health Systems
Authors: Burke Robert E. , Pelton Leslie , Adler-Milstein Julia , Phillips Cheryl
Published: August 2024

The Age-Friendly Health Systems movement is one of the largest efforts to improve care delivery for older adults, with thousands of health care systems recognized as “Age-Friendly.” However, significant questions regarding this movement remain, including how best to implement evidence-based practices and the effect of Age-Friendly transformation on the outcomes of older adults.

This Special Collection will focus on issues of implementation and intervention effectiveness of Age-Friendly Health System redesign efforts, furthering the field.

Panel discussion questions:
1. There is a growing realization that the tremendous scale and spread of AFHS hasn’t been matched by a growing evidence base. Why do you think this is, and what do you think are the right ways to start addressing this gap?

2. One particular gap in the evidence is about the Age-Friendly movement itself – how it came to be so widespread, and what principles undergirded this success. What do you think helps explain why this movement has been so successful in terms of its spread, and what do you think we still need to learn?

3. What do you see as promising opportunities for health care policy to support Age-Friendly implementation and sustainment? What do you think is needed in terms of evidence for policymakers?

4. A key question I think is how to generate relevant evidence. There’s a lot of real-world experimentation with Age-Friendly and the 4Ms, but it’s in such heterogeneous contexts that it’s hard to generalize. Do we need randomized, controlled trials of the 4Ms? If not, what do you think is the best way to generate rigorous evidence?

5. What do we know so far about Age-Friendly implementation outside the US? What lessons could we learn from evaluation of these initiatives?

6. There’s an active debate about whether Age-Friendly care should be delivered (and measured) for all other adults, versus in specific populations that might be at highest risk, or most likely to respond. How do you think about this given your experience with Special Needs Plans?

7. If you had a crystal ball, what do you predict the future of Age-Friendly Health Systems are? What do you think are the critical places of influence to get from here to there?
Sosialisasi Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Desa di Desa Ujung Pandaran Kecamatan Teluk Sampit Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur Kalimantan Tengah
Authors: Sri Mujiarti Ulfah  , Syamsuri  , Marvy Ferdian Agusta Sahay  , Ummu Habibah Gaffar  , Nadya Grestyana  , Edward Melio Bertho  , Puput Ratnasari
Published: August 2024

Pembangunan di daerah pedesaan masih merupakan pekerjaan rumah yang harus diselesaikan, beriringan dengan kegiatan kapasitas dan pemberdayaan masyarakat di daerah pedesaan sehingga membuat mereka berdaya dan memperkuat aktivitas ekonomi mereka yang akan berdampak pada kesejahteraan hidup mereka. SDGs Desa merupakan program turunan dari SDGs yang dikeluarkan PBB. SDGs Desa merupakan kebijakan untuk mempercepat pencapaian Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan yang memiliki 18 tujuan. Pemerintah desa diharapkan mampu membuat program yang tepat dibuktikan dengan komitmen penggunaan dana desa untuk pembangunan di desa selain itu pemerintah desa perlu membangun sinergi dengan masyarakat sehingga keberadaan masyarakat desa tidak sebagai objek pembangunan namun juga sebagai subjek, sehingga keberadaan masyarakat desa mampu memberikan kontribusi secara aktif untuk mendukung SDGs Desa. Salah satunya adalah desa Ujung Pandaran.
Keywords: Pembangunan, SDGs
Conceptualizing the Relationship Between HRM Practices and Job Satisfaction Among Millennials in China
Authors: Zhang Zhenzhen , Dousin Oscar
Published: August 2024

This aim of this study is to conceptualize the influence of HRM practices (such as job promotion, salary and benefit, training and development) towards job satisfaction among millennial employees in China. Millennial employees are important workforce undertaking major work initiatives in different posts of diverse industries. A framework of inspecting job satisfaction among millennial employees from some practices of HRM has been formulated to conceptualize the correlation between the related variables. Four propositions are constructed. Firstly, HRM practices have a positive effect on employees’ job satisfaction. Secondly, there is a significantly positive relationship between job promotion and employees’ job satisfaction when employees who produce results can get promoted opportunities. Thirdly, there is a significantly positive relationship between salary and benefit and employees’ job satisfaction where a good and reasonable system of wage and compensation is implemented. Finally, there is a significantly positive relationship between training and development and employees’ job satisfaction in those kinds of organizations where employees are filled with ambition and motivation to pursuit self-improvement. This research will benefit HRM practitioners with acquiring some aspiration as well as implications. Meanwhile, it is helpful for organizations or enterprises to keep rapid development by accessing some knowledge of HRM to make some pertinent strategies.
Ornament in Decorative and Applied Arts and Architecture: in Search of Theoretical Guidelines
Authors: Палагута И.В.
Published: August 2024

В исследовании орнамента назрела необходимость «расставить точки над i»: уточнить используемую терминологию, более четко обозначить основные направления его исследования, которые должны основываться не на воображаемых посылках, а на реальных возможностях материала. Широко используемые термины «орнамент» и «декор» неравнозначны, сущностной характеристикой орнамента является его ритмическая организация. Исходные формы орнаментальных мотивов могут быть как геометрическими, чаще всего производными от «технического орнамента», так и фигуративными. При этом интерпретация даже сходных мотивов может быть различной и основываться на свободных ассоциациях. Поэтому предположения о глубокой древности орнаментальных форм и их значений не имеет под собой веских оснований. Орнамент не имеет ничего общего с письмом и текстом. Если изучение семантики орнамента существенно ограничено спецификой его художественной формы, то исследования симметрии дают основания для выявления связи между ней и социальными изменениями (Washburn 2018). Очевидна также связь между декором и социальными изменениями, в выявлении которой также есть определенные перспективы.

In ornament studies, there is a need to “dot the i’s and cross the t’s”: to clarify the terminology utilised, to identify the main directions of ornament research more clearly, and to base research on the real capabilities of the material rather than on imaginary premises. The widely used terms ornament and decor are not interchangeable, the essential characteristic of ornament is its rhythmic organisation. The original forms of ornamental motifs can be various: either geometric, mostly derived from the “technical ornament”, or figurative. At the same time, even interpretation of similar motifs can vary and be based on free associations. Thus, assumptions about the deep antiquity of ornamental forms and their meanings have no solid grounds. Ornament has nothing to do with writing and text. While the study of the semantics of ornament is significantly limited by the specifics of its artistic form, the studies of symmetry provide grounds for identifying the connection between it and social changes (Washburn 2018). The connection between decor and social changes is also obvious, and there also are certain prospects for its identification.
Design and Manufacture of the Banquette Bench for the Historical Interiors of the Instruction Building of the Stieglitz Academy
Authors: Спассков К.А.
Published: August 2024

Современные объекты, устанавливаемые в исторических интерьерах, должны выполняться с учетом стилистических особенностей существующего памятника. Разработка конструкторско-технологического решения и создание скамьи-банкетки для учебного корпуса СПГХПА им. А.Л. Штиглица, бывшего Центрального училища технического рисования барона А.Л. Штиглица, велась с опорой на архитектурные и стилистические особенности здания училища (архитекторы А.И. Кракау и Р.А. Гедике при участии М.Е. Месмахера, 1878–1881). Были собраны сведения об интерьерах, определен сортамент материалов, отвечающих прочностным, климатическим и эстетическим требованиям, после чего разработана схема конструкции (основные детали, элементы и способы соединения и др.) и создан проект скамьи-банкетки. Конструкционная схема сборки скамьи была приближена к технологическим и эстетическим особенностям мебели конца XIX — начала XX вв. Работа проводилась в два этапа — подготовительный (сбор исторической справки, выполнение фор-эскизов, чертежей) и практический (изготовление макетов, изготовление в материале, испытание).

Modern-day objects installed in historical interiors need to be manufactured with due regard to the stylistic features of the existing monument. The development of a design solution and the manufacture of the banquette bench for the instruction building of the Stieglitz Academy, the former Baron von Stieglitz Central School of Technical Drawing, was done in accordance with the basic requirement with respect to the architectural and stylistic features of the building built in 1876 (architects A.I. Krakau and R.A. Gödicke). We collected information about the interiors, selected a range of materials that met the strength, climatic and aesthetic requirements, developed the design scheme (basic parts, elements and methods of connection, etc.) and design project of the banquette bench. The bench assembly scheme approximated the technological and aesthetic features of the furniture of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The work was carried out in two stages: the preparatory one (collection of historical information, execution of brief sketches, drawings) and the practical one (production of mock-ups, production in the material, testing).
The Plastic Values of Humanism at the Age of the Crisis of Modernism: Review of: Leniashina, N.M., Ital’yanskaya skul’ptura XX veka ot Vinchentso Dzhemito k Dzhakomo Mantsu [Twentieth- Century Italian Sculpture from Vincenzo Gemito to Giacomo Manzu], Saint Petersburg: Kosta Publ., 392 p., (In Russian)
Authors: Котломанов А.О.
Published: August 2024

Рецензия на книгу: Леняшина Н.М. Итальянская скульптура XX века от Винченцо Джемито к Джакомо Манцу. СПб.: Коста, 2021. 392 с.

Review of: Leniashina, N.M., Ital’yanskaya skul’ptura XX veka ot Vinchentso Dzhemito k Dzhakomo Mantsu [Twentieth-Century Italian Sculpture from Vincenzo Gemito to Giacomo Manzu], Saint Petersburg: Kosta Publ., 392 p., (In Russian).
The Lute Player Mantel Clock from the Konstantinovsky Palace Collection
Authors: Дякив О.В.
Published: August 2024

Константиновский дворец, в настоящее время известный как Государственный Комплекс «Дворец Конгрессов», обладает уникальной коллекцией произведений русского искусства, переданных в дар на вечное хранение в составе частного собрания Г.П. Вишневской и М.Л. Ростроповича, внесших колоссальный вклад в развитие мировой музыкальной культуры. Данное собрание создавалось ими длительное время в эмиграции с целью создания атмосферы «своего русского дома» и поэтому несомненно отражает их яркую индивидуальность и личные вкусы как первых владельцев. Уникальность коллекции проявляется в широком временном охвате (от XVII до сере- дины XX вв.) и в сочетании самых разных видов искусства, как изобразительного, так и декоративно-прикладного. В данном контексте особенный пласт составляют представленные в экспозиции образцы изделий XIX века с использованием малахита в убранстве, в частности, каминные часы «Лютнист», рассматриваемые в данной статье. Раскрывается необычная история их создания и ценность бытования как предмета русского декоративно-прикладного искусства и арт-рынка. Анализируются стилистические особенности часов, их декор и дизайн, а также иконография темы лютниста в изобразительном искусстве.

The Konstantinovsky Palace, currently known as the Palace of Congresses State Complex, has a unique collection of Russian art donated for eternal storage as part of the private collection of G. Vishnevskaya and M. Rostropovich, who each made a major contribution to the development of the world music culture. The collection was put together over a long time in emigration in order to create the atmosphere of “their own Russian home” and therefore, undoubtedly, reflects the strong personalities and personal tastes of the first owners. The uniqueness of this collection manifests itself in its wide time span (from the 17th century to the mid-20th century) and in the combination of fine, applied and decorative arts. In this context, the 19th-century items decorated with malachite that are part of the exposition, and in particular the Lute Player mantel clock discussed in this article, are of special interest. The article discusses and analyses its unusual creation history, its significance as an item of Russian applied and decorative arts and and its value on the art market, the stylistic features, decoration and design of the clock, as well as the iconography of the lute player theme in visual arts.
The Battle Between the Lion and the Unicorn: towards the Problem of the Origin of the Heraldic Image in Pskov Watered Tiles from the 16th–17th Centuries
Authors: Чистякова К.А.
Published: August 2024

В статье рассматривается происхождение образа противостояния льва и единорога на псковских печных изразцах XVI–XVII вв. Изображение битвы льва и единорога имело широкое распространение на территории России и в странах Западной Европы, а прежде всего мы встречаем его в византийских источниках. Теория о заимствовании Московским царством сюжета из-за границы представляется маловероятным, т. к. парное геральдическое изображение льва и единорога официально утверждается в Англии только с 1603 года, в то время как в Москве они появляются уже с середины XVI века. Сцена борьбы льва и единорога особенно часто встречается в изделиях с территории Москвы этого периода. Отдельное место она занимает в государственной эмблематике, в частности Московского печатного двора. Хотя сюжет с первого взгляда кажется европейским, историко-культурный анализ и поиски аналогичных изобразительных мотивов дают возможность подтвердить гипотезу московского происхождения образа противостояния льва и единорога и решают вопрос контактов c древнерусской христианской традицией.

The article examines the origin of the image of confrontation between the lion and the unicorn on Pskov stove tiles from the 16th–17th centuries. Heraldic depictions of the battle between the lion and the unicorn were widespread in Russia and in Western Europe, and originally were to be found in Byzantine sources. The theory that the Tsardom of Muscovy borrowed the motif from abroad seems unlikely, since paired heraldic depictions of the lion and the unicorn became officially known in English heraldry in 1603, while in Moscow they appeared in the middle of the 16th century. The scene of the lion and the unicorn fighting is especially common in products from the territory of Moscow of this period. The scene occupies a separate place in the state emblem, for example that of the Moscow Print Yard. Although at first glance the motif might seem a European, historical and cultural analysis and the search for similar pictorial motifs make it possible to confirm the hypothesis of the Moscow origin of the image of the confrontation between the lion and the unicorn and to solve the issue of contacts in favour of the Old Russian Christian tradition.