bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding Head and Neck Cancer Evolution to Guide Therapeutic Approaches
Authors: O’Leary Ben
Published: March 2023

The study of cancer evolution continues to deliver novel insights into the biology driving cancer. International consortia working on large genome sequencing initiatives have now provided an outline of the genomic landscape for many cancers. This vast resource of genomic data has also allowed the development of advanced computational tools revealing biology shaping genomic changes. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is represented within the international consortia projects, though there remains only modest whole genome data and data from human papillomavirus-related cancers. Data for recurrent HNSCC and longitudinal data from patients treated with therapy are lacking and should be a priority for the community. This review will discuss the available resources and approaches for understanding HNSCC evolution, and consider how this might be applied to the clinical paradigm and used to develop the next generation of clinical trials.
Treatment De-Escalation of HPV-Positive Oropharyngeal Cancer—Lessons Learnt from Recent Trials
Authors: Mehanna Hisham
Published: March 2023

HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer demonstrates better outcomes with significantly longer survival outcomes than HPV-negative disease, leading to calls and trials on de-escalation of treatment, in an attempt to reduce morbidity of treatment. However, the results of recent trials show that de-escalation, especially the removal or replacement of cisplatin, may have detrimental effects on survival. We discuss the lessons learnt from the first de-escalation trials, including the need for highly-regulated phase II trials when testing new de-escalation strategies, before proceeding to phase III trials, and the exploration of ‘harm-minimisation’ techniques and paradigms, eg proton therapy or reduced treatment volumes, rather than reduction in treatment, as means of reducing treatment toxicity. Recently a framework for de-intensification of treatment for HPV-positive OPC patients has been published by the Head and Neck Cancer International Group to provide guidance for these efforts.
Advance Reconnaissance and Optimal Monitoring
Authors: Mahmoudi Elham , Düllmann Jan , Heußner Lukas , Hölter Raoul , Lamert Andre , Miro Shorash , Möller Thomas , Musayev Khayal , Riedel Christopher , Schindler Steffen , Trapp Maximilian , Alber Michael , Baitsch Matthias , Friederich Wolfgang , Hackl Klaus , König Markus , Mark Peter , Nestorovic Tamara
Published: March 2023

Effective exploration techniques during mechanized tunneling are of high importance in order to prevent severe surface settlements as well as a damage of the tunnel boring machine, which in turn would lead to additional costs and a standstill in the construction process. A seismic methodology called full waveform inversion can bring a considerable improvement compared to state-of-the-art seismic methods in terms of precision. Another method of exploration during mechanized tunneling is to continuously monitor subsurface behavior and then use this data to identify disturbances through pattern recognition and machine learning techniques. Various probabilistic methods for conducting system identification and proposing an appropriate monitoring plan are developed in this regard. Furthermore, ground conditions can be determined by studying boring machine data collected during the excavation. The active and passive obtained data during performance of a shield driven machine were used to estimate soil parameters. The monitoring campaign can be extended to include above-ground structural surveillance as well as terrestrial and satellite data to track displacements of existing infrastructure caused by tunneling. The available radar data for the Wehrhahn-line project are displayed and were utilized to precisely monitor the process of anticipated uplift by injections and any subsequent ground building settlements.
Introduction
Authors: Christodoulides Myron
Published: March 2023

Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) are caused by a diversity of pathogens including viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungi, and toxins, which affect 2–3 billion people globally who live in the least developed countries (LDC) and low-to-middle income countries (LMIC). The World Health Organization classifies around 24 NTDs that are prevalent mainly in tropical and sub-tropical areas and these conditions impact enormously on personal and population health, with debilitating social and economic consequences to communities and countries. The overall focus of the book is vaccines for NTDs caused by the organisms studied by the VALIDATE (VAccine deveLopment for complex Intracellular neglecteD pAThogEns) network, i.e. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. leprae, Leishmania spp. and Burkholderia pseudomallei.
Vaccine Development for Human Leishmaniasis
Authors: de Carvalho Clímaco Marianna , Kraemer Lucas , Fujiwara Ricardo Toshio
Published: March 2023

The development of vaccines for human leishmaniasis is one of the most important approaches for effectively controlling and/or eradicating the several forms of the disease. Based on the knowledge obtained from the practice of leishmanization and its protective immune response, several strategies have been used to develop vaccines against Leishmania species, such as the use of whole killed and attenuated parasites, recombinant proteins, and DNA vaccines. An ideal vaccine should be safe, effective, and immunogenic. Although several candidates have achieved safety and some level of effectiveness, the current challenge in the development of prophylactic vaccines is to achieve long-lasting immune protection by generating a robust and irreversible Th1 adaptive immune response in the host, with rapid recruitment of memory and effectors T cells at key acute points of infection. However, despite all efforts over the years, due to the antigenic diversity of the parasite and the complexity of the host’s immune response, human vaccine trials have been disappointing in mediating long-term immunity against sandfly-delivered infection. Therefore, more investments in this field should be carried out to translate preclinical findings from mice to humans through effective vaccine development strategies.
Vaccine Development Against Melioidosis
Authors: Galeas-Pena Michelle , Morici Lisa A.
Published: March 2023

Melioidosis in an infectious disease of humans and animals caused by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. Melioidosis is often considered a disease of the tropics, but recent data suggests that B. pseudomallei is distributed worldwide and the disease is likely largely underestimated. B. pseudomallei is inherently resistant to many antibiotics, which complicates treatment, particularly in low-resource countries. There is currently no licensed vaccine to prevent melioidosis. Fortunately, there has been significant progress over the last decade in our understanding of B. pseudomallei pathogenesis and host immunity. This has been paralleled by the discovery and testing of promising vaccine candidates against melioidosis. Collectively, these scientific advances spark optimism that licensure of a safe and effective vaccine is achievable.
Correlates of Protection from Tuberculosis
Authors: Peralta Alvarez Marco Polo , Marshall Julia L. , Tanner Rachel
Published: March 2023

Multiple immunological mechanisms interact to protect against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection and/or tuberculosis (TB) disease. However, development of a much-needed new and effective TB vaccine is hindered by the lack of validated correlates of protection. The identification of correlates of protection would facilitate the rational design, optimisation and evaluation of TB vaccine candidates. In this chapter, we discuss what is currently known about protective immunity against M.tb and potential correlates of protection that have been proposed to date, both including and also looking beyond the central role of IFN-γ producing CD4+ T cells to consider innate and humoral immune parameters. Approaches to identifying and validating correlates of protection will also be reviewed.
BCG: Past, Present and Future Direction
Authors: Morrison Hazel , McShane Helen
Published: March 2023

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a live-attenuated vaccine developed over 100 years ago and remains the only vaccine ever licensed in the fight against tuberculosis (TB). It is one of the most widely used vaccines in the world, having been administered to over four billion people, with another 100 million children vaccinated with BCG every year. Despite this, significant debate exists surrounding its efficacy against TB and its place in routine infant vaccination schedules. Severe side effects following BCG administration are rare but may be seen in those with immune system dysfunction. Safer vaccines for use in these individuals would be valuable.

BCG has been shown in some studies to have beneficial effects on mortality and morbidity beyond that attributable to reduction in TB alone. Understanding the immunological mechanisms underpinning these non-specific effects is increasing and appears in part to be due to the induction of trained innate immunity. New vaccines developed against TB will either need to be given as a booster following initial BCG vaccination or be shown to be non-inferior with regard to these off-target effects.

Despite its age, widespread usage, and intensive study, we are still learning how BCG exerts its effects and unpicking what these really are. Alternative routes of administration and recombinant forms of BCG offer promising strategies to further harness the potential of this intriguing vaccine.
The Nexus Between Corruption, Migrant Smuggling, and Human Trafficking in Southeast Asia
Authors: Lelliott Joseph , Miller Rebecca
Published: March 2023

Strong drivers and demand for migrants in Southeast Asia, combined with often costly and complex channels for regular migration, have led to high levels of irregular migration throughout the region. These dynamics have, in turn, created a substantial market for the services of migrant smugglers and place many migrants at risk of human trafficking and other violations of their rights. While smuggling of migrants and human trafficking are a key concern for Southeast Asian States, many facets of these crimes remain under researched and poorly understood. This includes the role of corruption as a facilitator of smuggling and trafficking. Drawing on research concerning the nexus between corruption, smuggling, and trafficking, this chapter sheds light on the ways corrupt practices and relationships help smugglers and traffickers subvert immigration controls and prevent investigation and punishment of their illicit activities. It further explores the potential negative impacts of corruption on the protection of smuggled migrants and victims of trafficking. This chapter explains that stricter migration controls are only likely to increase the markets for smuggling and trafficking and, in turn, amplify corruption risks. It posits that, consistent with their obligations under international law, Southeast Asian States should address corruption through a three-pronged approach encompassing anti-corruption measures, better protection of the rights of smuggled migrants and trafficked persons, and efforts to increase the scope and accessibility of regular avenues for migration.
The Politics of Forced Migration in Southeast Asia
Authors: Pudjiastuti Tri Nuke , Wong Steven C. M.
Published: March 2023

Forced migration is deeply rooted in the local, national, regional, and global politics of nation states. In Southeast Asia, it has been, and remains, intensely experiential, and policy actions cannot be understood in abstract or normative terms. Member states differ greatly in economic, social, and political terms, and thus how they perceive their interests. Individually and collectively through ASEAN, they have tended to act defensively with respect to forced migration, but with accommodations and regional responses when called for, as episodes from mainland Southeast Asia and Myanmar, show. For states to be incentivised to raise their levels of protection and welfare, forced migration needs to be framed as a global collective endeavour. It is through the setting of new norms through the international framework and compacts agreed that higher minimum standards will evolve.
Rethinking Local Citizenship and Integration of Persons of Indonesian Descent in the Southern Philippines
Authors: Villa Anderson V. , Wiratri Amorisa
Published: March 2023

This chapter interrogates the prevalent misconception of host governments that migration disrupts rather than transforms their communities. Reflecting upon the works of Takeyuki Tsuda (2008) in the context of East Asian countries, the chapter attempts to unpack the concept of local citizenship when local governments in the southern Philippines subtly grant some fundamental socio-political rights and services to Persons of Indonesian Descent (PID) as legitimate members of their local communities. This study argues that the local governments in the southern Philippines have a significant role in performing acts of local citizenship for PID. This independent research is drawn from the researchers’ direct observation and long-term engagement with PID in Sarangani province, and General Santos City in the southern Philippines. The study hopes to generate discussions and alternative discourse on ‘citizenship from below’ for migrants and host countries in the region.
Integration
Authors: Şahin-Mencütek Zeynep , Gökalp-Aras N. Ela , Kaya Ayhan , Rottmann Susan Beth
Published: March 2023

Strategic temporality permeates the integration experience of Turkey’s Syrians in a number of ways. First, given their temporary legal status, there is a grey area between reception and integration, which is highly symbolic of ambiguous inclusion (Kaya & Nagel, 2021). Until recently, there has been no publicly announced national integration policy; instead, there was only a discourse about uyum (social harmony) that is not premised on permanent inclusion or equal rights with locals. Further, refugees face liminality in every possible sphere governing long-term settlement, such as in the labour market, education, housing, health and citizenship. Most work informally and experience economic precarity; a third of Syrian children are not in school; refugees must secure their own (often substandard) housing; linguistic and other barriers prevent full health care access, and pathways to citizenship or long-term permanent residence are limited. All of this creates feelings of profound anxiety and uncertainty for refugees as they go about their day-to-day lives.
The Transformation-Migration Nexus in the United Arab Emirates: A Historical Analysis
Authors: Errichiello Gennaro
Published: March 2023

My chapter, based on archival materials consulted at the British Library, is a discussion of the historical evolution of migration in the UAE, and in particular in Abu Dhabi and Dubai. A social transformation perspective entails treating migration as embedded in the broad understanding of society and its changes. Migration is neither a cause nor a consequence of social transformation but is part of transformation processes. This paper demonstrates that the historical evolution of migration in the emirates can only be understood by linking local-level experience of migration with other socio-spatial levels thus contributing to a better understanding of contemporary dynamics where migration, globalisation, economic and political aspects are intertwined.
Challenges of Communication and Identity in the Gulf: Insights from Qatar and the UAE
Authors: Ahmad Rizwan
Published: March 2023

In this chapter, I present the case studies of the State of Qatar and the UAE, two countries in the Arabian Gulf where although Arabic is the de jure official language, many foreign languages are widely used for communication because of a large non-Arab, non-national population. In addition to English, which is used as a lingua franca among the educated people, a host of Asian languages are used by blue-collar workers from South and Southeast Asia. While the presence of foreign languages does facilitate communication, it has also heightened a fear of loss of Arabic and Arab identity among the local populations leading to a series of measures by the governments strengthening the position of Arabic officially. I show how the two governments struggle to balance the needs of communication and identity. I argue that since the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries are no longer monolingual, there is a need for the development of a language policy that balances the needs of communication and identity not only in Qatar and the UAE but also in Oman, Kuwait, Bahrain, and KSA with less, but still significant non-national population.
Art in Contact Zone in the UAE and Qatar: Trans-Regional Cultural Policy and Rise of New Artistic Movements
Authors: Moridi Mohammad Reza
Published: March 2023

Dubai and Doha are attempting to be known as transcultural places. These cities are trying to be in a status that Mary Louise Pratt has named “contact zone”. Mary Louise Pratt as a postcolonial theorist tries to use “contact zone” concept to explain transcultural situation in which diverse social spaces merge together. But how can Dubai and Doha become transcultural zones? What are the cultural policies to build a trans-regional identity? How have these policies affected artistic trends and artistic experiences? This chapter addresses how trans-regional cultural policies have made Dubai and Doha to welcome marginal arts, hybrid arts and multicultural arts. This chapter shows how Iranian and Arab artists have played a complex and multi-layered role in shaping the contact zone.
The Gulf as a Global Contact Zone: Chronotopic Identities and (Linguistic) Landscapes
Authors: Lombezzi Letizia
Published: March 2023

The Gulf distinguishes both as a regional system in international relations and a global contact zone for the occurrence of many social issues. Migration, transformation, and urbanization emerge as the key factors for changes in the Gulf area. The concept of chronotope helps us to analyze the Gulf context and the richness of its repertoires, intended as language, cultures, activities, and identities. In fact, the multiplicity of contexts of interactions together with the actors involved gave rise to a number of landscapes inside the city, so contributing to superdiversity. This chapter attempts to analyze the phenomenon, and the reasons that led to such a reality.
Shellyseer: A Literary Evolution
Authors: Saber Fathieh Hussam
Published: March 2023

The dramatic elements that are in Shellyseer have traveled for a long period of time and have been affected by dramatic elements from different cultures, which means that Shellyseer is a result of the evolution of drama. This chapter draws attention to the effect that the East and the West have on each other, by pointing out the effect that Aristotle’s Poetics—Western Theory—had on Ghanem Al-Suliti’s Shellyseer—Eastern Literature. This chapter combines comparative literature with literary theory and criticism in order to give an example of a globalized view of how drama evolves where there are no borders that limit influence. This chapter traces back drama back to its oldest documented sources to show how it evolved throughout history and offers deeper knowledge of Middle Eastern drama, the importance, and strength of political satire, and how strong of a mutual influence Eastern and Western literature have on each other.
Kuwait’s Mediation in the Gulf Crisis: Dynamics of Kuwait’s Foreign Policy Approaches
Authors: Altiok Huzeyfe
Published: March 2023

This study examines Kuwaiti mediation in the 2017 Gulf crisis from the perspective of the disputants—mainly Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Qatar—and the mediator—Kuwait. While using qualitative research method such as interviews with the scholars, and discourse analyses, this chapter provides an overview of the Kuwaiti mediation in the Gulf crisis and reconstructs the role of small states in International Relations.
Tujjar in the Gulf: Changes in Political Influence
Authors: Menon Lakshmi Venugopal
Published: March 2023

Since the oil boom in the 1970s, the Gulf region has witnessed tremendous growth. Today, the GCC countries have an impressive collective 85% urbanization. This paper argues that merchant-ruler relations and the transnational dynamism of the Gulf played crucial roles in the traditional development and evolution of urban cities in the GCC. It argues that pivoting to a Western-European city concept devoid of an appreciation of the GCC’s transnational dimension and the region’s perennial structural need for migrant labor is imprudent. This chapter aims to fill the existing gap in the literature and urges the GCC countries to increase local participation to offset an observed Orientalist approach to Gulf urbanism. Thus, making the case for the creation of sustainable city concepts that appreciate the transnational nature of the Gulf region.
Graduate Research Experience in the Arab Gulf: The Case in Qatar
Authors: Newsome Mary
Published: March 2023

In the Information Age, the knowledge economy is at the crux of economic growth. Academic institutions, and the human expertise and research potential they possess, are important sources of knowledge that have a direct impact on every area of our lives. From ensuring a continuous and sustainable supply of safe food to the advancement of targeted therapies through precision medicine or the development of effective virtual learning environments, Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) have an important role to play.
The Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in a Pandemic
Authors: Coleman Kathryn
Published: March 2023

This chapter introduces the underpinning of the speculative think tank and this edited collection that emerged from within a faculty-wide pandemic project at the Melbourne Graduate School of Education in 2020/21. It proposes how through a relational and speculative turn to the scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL) to create community and new opportunities for doing educational research while at home, a (re)turn to SoTL as an emergent next practice created possibilities for new thinking, knowing and being emerged. The chapter considers how new connections among colleagues teaching and researching across education that had not previously worked together offered new ways possibilities for new thinking, knowing and being an academic. Our school wide project sought to capture the paradigmatic shift the editors refer to as, the educational turn and was designed and developed to create space to reimagine the futures of education. This was strengthened by collaborative dialogues, innovation, and agility. This chapter poses how and why we developed the innovative think tank project while in lockdown, that captured the educational turn.
Examining Mental Health and Wellbeing Policies in Australian Universities
Authors: Ryan Tracii , Marangell Samantha , Baik Chi
Published: March 2023

The mental wellbeing of higher education students has become a salient issue facing higher education worldwide. This increased attention can be at least partially attributed to prevalence studies which indicate that the severity of mental health difficulties is growing across student populations, and a high proportion of students—higher than the general community—are experiencing moderate-to-severe levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. There has also been increasing recognition that universities have a critical role in providing supportive and health-promoting environments and developing whole-of-institution wellbeing policies. In addition to their moral imperative to ensure the safety of all students, supporting the mental health and wellbeing of students should be a priority for universities given that psychological distress is known to adversely affect students’ academic motivation, retention, and achievement. This is arguably even more important in the wake of COVID-19, which led to rapid changes in learning delivery, as well as a reduction in social connectedness and students’ perceptions of the quality of their university experience. This chapter examines the current state of play with regard to institutional mental health and wellbeing strategies and policies in the Australian higher education sector and suggests recommendations for future directions.
Speculating on Higher Education in 2041—Earthworms and Liminalities
Authors: Arndt Sonja , Belton Amanda , Cochrane Thomas , Healy Sarah , Gurr David
Published: March 2023

What if… this chapter asks, might higher education be twenty years from now? This chapter speculates a future that takes place 20 years from now, a future that acknowledges the challenges of the present, as discussed at greater length in the earlier chapters. We take up speculative inquiry as a method to consider a future where the teens of 2021 bring their experience of living and learning during this pandemic time to the shaping and leadership of universities in 2041. Beginning with a what-if scenario of a reconceived higher education, we create a speculative fiction text—a letter from the future—around which we perform a diffractive reading (Barad, 2014). What this diffraction brings about is a higher education imaginary of activisms and revolts that result from current tensions and challenges in education and research. The imaginary does not predict the future but offers a critical lens through which to make sense of this present and the possible futures tied to it. In so doing, we suggest potentialities of practices like elevating decolonised ways of knowing and engaging geographical, human and nonhuman diversities in campuses across urban and remote areas. Traversing twenty years from now, the chapter speculates on higher education, spanning virtual and physical spaces for re-connection of research, learning and assessment with, in and through assemblies of diverse beings, human and otherwise. The chapter concludes with a codetta, which leaves the reader with a brief account of a speculative encounter with Socrabots as they prepare to enter the teaching profession in the 2040s.
The Teaching Profession: Where to from Here?
Authors: Klieve Sharon , Gillis Shelley , Smith Kylie , Arkoudis Sophie
Published: March 2023

During the health crisis in Victoria, teachers were positioned as essential workers in the media and by government. Teachers were seen to play a critical role in minimizing the impacts of the health and economic crisis. At the system level, reactionary responses targeted online platforms and structures to support remote learning. Along with supporting learning, educators’ roles broadened to encompass the additional responsibilities of social and emotional support and wellbeing for their students, particularly those at risk of disengagement. This chapter will present four vignettes across early childhood, disability, vocational education, and English as an Additional Language (EAL) delivered within school contexts. The vignettes illuminate challenges faced by the teaching profession in maintaining equitable access and learning for diverse students. Issues around equity and inclusion have long existed in education. In recent times, policies have been employed as the means of achieving an equal playing field for all students. The vignettes highlight the challenges that continue around equity and inclusion. This chapter speculates on how higher education can reposition the complex role of the teaching profession in striving for inclusivity and equity in the constantly changing educational landscape. The chapter advocates for pedagogical and funding changes to support more interconnected and collaborative approaches to teaching.
N3LO quadratic-in-spin interactions for generic compact binaries
Authors: Kim Jung-Wook , Levi Michèle , Yin Zhewei
Published: March 2023

Abstract

We derive the third subleading (N3LO) corrections of the quadratic-in-spin sectors via the EFT of spinning objects in post-Newtonian (PN) gravity. These corrections consist of contributions from 4 sectors for generic compact binaries, that enter at the fifth PN order. One of these contributions is due to a new tidal interaction, that is unique to the sectors with spin, and complements the first tidal interaction that also enters at this PN order in the simple point-mass sector. The evaluation of Feynman graphs is carried out in a generic dimension via advanced multi-loop methods, and gives rise to dimensional-regularization poles in conjunction with logarithms. At these higher-spin sectors the reduction of generalized Lagrangians entails redefinitions of the position beyond linear order. We provide here the most general Lagrangians and Hamiltonians. We then specify the latter to simplified configurations, and derive the consequent gauge-invariant relations among the binding energy, angular momentum, and frequency. We end with a derivation of all the scattering angles that correspond to an extension of our Hamiltonians to the scattering problem in the simplified aligned-spins configuration, as a guide to scattering-amplitudes studies.
Dark photon and dark Z mediated B meson decays
Authors: Datta Alakabha , Hammad A. , Marfatia Danny , Mukherjee Lopamudra , Rashed Ahmed
Published: March 2023

Abstract

We study flavor changing neutral current decays of B and K mesons in the dark U(1)D model, with the dark photon/dark Z mass between 10 MeV and 2 GeV. Although the model provides an improved fit (compared to the standard model) to the differential decay distributions of B → K(∗)ℓ+ℓ−, with ℓ = μ, e, and Bs→ ϕμ+μ−, the allowed parameter space is ruled out by measurements of atomic parity violation, K+→ μ+ + invisible decay, and $$ {B}_s-{\overline{B}}_s $$

B
s

−

B
¯

s

mixing, among others. To evade constraints from low energy data, we extend the model to allow for (1) additional invisible ZD decay, (2) a direct vector coupling of ZD to muons, and (3) a direct coupling of ZD to both muons and electrons, with the electron coupling fine-tuned to cancel the ZD coupling to electrons via mixing. We find that only the latter case survives all constraints.
The desert and the swampland
Authors: Long Cody , Montero Miguel , Vafa Cumrun , Valenzuela Irene
Published: March 2023

Abstract

The most natural expectation away from asymptotic limits in moduli space of supergravity theories is the desert scenario, where there are few states between massless fields and the quantum gravity cutoff. In this paper we initiate a systematic study of these regions deep in the moduli space, and use it to place a bound on the number of massless modes by relating it to the black hole species problem. There exists a consistent sub-Planckian UV cutoff (the species scale) which resolves the black hole species problem without bounding the number of light modes. We reevaluate this in the context of supersymmetric string vacua in the desert region and show that even though heuristically the species scale is compatible with expectations, the BPS states of the actual string vacua lead to a stronger dependence of the cutoff scale on the number of massless modes. We propose that this discrepancy, which can be captured by the “BPS desert conjecture”, resurrects the idea of a uniform bound on the number of light modes as a way to avoid the black hole species problem. This conjecture also implies a stronger form of the Tadpole Conjecture, which leads to an obstruction in stabilizing all moduli semi-classically for large number of moduli in flux compactifications.
Simulating lepton number violation induced by heavy neutrino-antineutrino oscillations at colliders
Authors: Antusch Stefan , Hajer Jan , Rosskopp Johannes
Published: March 2023

Abstract

We study pseudo-Dirac pairs of two almost mass-degenerate sterile Majorana neutrinos which generate light neutrino masses via a low-scale seesaw mechanism. These pseudo-Dirac heavy neutral leptons can oscillate between interaction eigenstates that couple to leptons and antileptons and thus generate oscillations between lepton number conserving and lepton number violating processes. With the phenomenological symmetry protected seesaw scenario (pSPSS), we introduce a minimal framework capable of describing the dominant features of low-scale seesaws at colliders and present a FeynRules implementation usable in Monte Carlo generators. Additionally, we extend MadGraph to simulate heavy neutrino-antineutrino oscillations and present results from such simulations.
Phase transitions and stability of Eguchi-Hanson-AdS solitons
Authors: Durgut Turkuler , Hennigar Robie A. , Kunduri Hari K. , Mann Robert B.
Published: March 2023

Abstract

The Eguchi-Hanson-AdS5 family of spacetimes are a class of static, geodesically complete asymptotically locally AdS5 soliton solutions of the vacuum Einstein equations with negative cosmological constant. They have negative mass and are parameterized by an integer p ≥ 3 with a conformal boundary with spatial topology L(p, 1). We investigate mode solutions of the scalar wave equation on this background and show that, similar to AdS5, the geometry admits a normal mode spectrum (i.e. solutions that neither grow or decay in time). In addition, we also discuss other geometric properties of these soliton spacetimes, including the behaviour of causal geodesics and their thermodynamic properties. We also point out a surprising connection with the AdS soliton.
Instantons on Young diagrams with matters
Authors: Chen Yanyan , Jiang Jiaqun , Nawata Satoshi , Shao Yilu
Published: March 2023

Abstract

We present the unrefined instanton partition functions of various 5d gauge theories with matter beyond the fundamental representation as sums over Young diagrams. By using these explicit expressions, we verify a range of identities among the instanton partition functions predicted by Higgsing procedures of fivebrane web diagrams and representation theory.
Shifted homotopy analysis of the linearized higher-spin equations in arbitrary higher-spin background
Authors: Tarusov A. A. , Ushakov K. A. , Vasiliev M. A.
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Analysis of the first-order corrections to higher-spin equations is extended to homotopy operators involving shift parameters with respect to the spinor Y variables, the argument of the higher-spin connection ω(Y) and the argument of the higher-spin zero-form C(Y). It is shown that a relaxed uniform (y + p)-shift and a shift by the argument of ω(Y) respect the proper form of the free higher-spin equations and constitute a one-parametric class of vertices that contains those resulting from the conventional (no shift) homotopy. A pure shift by the argument of ω(Y) is shown not to affect the one-form higher-spin field W in the first order and, hence, the form of the respective vertices.
Systematic study of one-loop realizations of d = 7 long-range 0νββ decay operators
Authors: Chen Ping-Tao , Ding Gui-Jun , Yao Chang-Yuan
Published: March 2023

Abstract

We study the systematical one-loop decomposition of the dimension-7 long-range 0νββ decay operators. We find that there are 3 genuine one-loop topologies and 8 diagrams. The procedure to determine the SM quantum number assignments for both internal and external fields is presented. The Majorana neutrino mass in long-range 0νββ models is discussed. We also present a one-loop 0νββ decay model which produces Majorana neutrino mass at three-loop level. The phenomenological predictions for light neutrino mass and 0νββ decay half-life time including both mass mechanism and long-range contribution are studied.
Modular parallel transport of multiple intervals in 1+1-dimensional free fermion theory
Authors: Chen Bowen , Czech Bartłomiej , Hung Ling-Yan , Wong Gabriel
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Modular parallel transport is a generalization of Berry phases, applied to modular (entanglement) Hamiltonians. Here we initiate the study of modular parallel transport for disjoint field theory regions. We study modular parallel transport in the kinematic space of multi-interval regions in the vacuum of 1+1-dimensional free fermion theory — one of the few theories for which modular Hamiltonians on disjoint regions are known. We compute explicitly the generators of modular parallel transport, and explain why their relatively simple form follows from a half-sided modular inclusion. We also compute explicitly the curvature two-form of modular parallel transport. We contrast all calculations with the expected behavior of modular parallel transport in holographic theories, emphasizing the role of non-local terms that couple distinct intervals.
Novel loop-diagrammatic approach to QCD θ parameter and application to the left-right model
Authors: Hisano Junji , Kitahara Teppei , Osamura Naohiro , Yamada Atsuyuki
Published: March 2023

Abstract

When the QCD axion is absent in full theory, the strong CP problem has to be explained by an additional mechanism, e.g., the left-right symmetry. Even though tree-level QCD $$ \overline{\theta} $$

θ
¯

parameter is restricted by the mechanism, radiative corrections to $$ \overline{\theta} $$

θ
¯

are mostly generated, which leads to a dangerous neutron electric dipole moment (EDM). The ordinary method for calculating the radiative $$ \overline{\theta} $$

θ
¯

utilizes an equation $$ \overline{\theta}=-\arg\ \det {m}_q^{\textrm{loop}} $$

θ
¯

=
−
arg

det

m
q
loop

based on the chiral rotations of complex quark masses. In this paper, we point out that when full theory includes extra heavy quarks, the ordinary method is unsettled for the extra quark contributions and does not contain its full radiative corrections. We formulate a novel method to calculate the radiative corrections to $$ \overline{\theta} $$

θ
¯

through a direct loop-diagrammatic approach, which should be more robust than the ordinary one. As an application, we investigate the radiative $$ \overline{\theta} $$

θ
¯

in the minimal left-right symmetric model. We first confirm a seminal result that two-loop level radiative $$ \overline{\theta} $$

θ
¯

completely vanishes (corresponding to one-loop corrections to the quark mass matrices). Furthermore, we estimate the size of a non-vanishing radiative $$ \overline{\theta} $$

θ
¯

at three-loop level. It is found that the resultant induced neutron EDM is comparable to the current experimental bound, and the expected size is restricted by the perturbative unitarity bound in the minimal left-right model.
The Circular Helical Staircase at Palazzo Spada
Authors: Mancini Matteo Flavio , Farroni Laura
Published: March 2023

The paper deals with the unpublished survey and geometric analysis of the circular helical staircase built around 1660 in Palazzo Spada’s wing on Via del Polverone in Rome. Its role in the development of the place and the history of its design process are addressed thanks to historical drawings and the reference model proposed both in the treatise and construction between the fifteenth and seventeenth centuries. A description of the 3D digital survey procedures is followed by the reconstruction of a NURBS 3D model that describes the staircase and its geometric properties. Three helical turns of the staircase undergo an in-depth analysis of the slope angle thanks to the development of the helical lines. This leads to the recognition of the main features of this staircase: its unique central structure; the implementation of geometrical proportions descending from Andrea Palladio’s treatise; the changes of the slope angle that characterize the staircase flights and the space they generate.
A Virtual Reconstruction of Gaudi’s Skyscraper Hotel Attraction Using Physics-Based Simulation
Authors: Luque-Sala Arnau , del Blanco García Federico Luis
Published: March 2023

This article aims to provide a virtual reconstruction of the skyscraper Hotel Attraction based on the original documentation, which makes it possible to analyze the project and propose hypotheses regarding the contradictory information in the original drawings. The geometry of the project has been defined using a physics-based simulation, emulating Gaudí’s methodology in his models. To define the curves, a model based on weighted hanging chains has been generated, using a system with springs and particles. This method has made it possible to precisely control the catenary deformation, avoiding the definition of each curve independently in favor of a unified approach. Over 300 m tall, the Hotel Attraction would have been the tallest skyscraper in the world at the time.
About the Sources of the Vaults of San Lorenzo in Turin
Authors: Calvo-López José
Published: March 2023

This contribution deals with the late 17th century baroque church of San Lorenzo in Turin, designed by Guarino Guarini; it discusses the geometry and possible sources of the vaults of the church, including stellated polygons, raised oval arches and conical approximations to the oval intrados of these arches.
Algorithmic Modeling for Complex Vaults in Vittone’s Civil Architecture Between Archival Drawings and Realizations
Authors: Natta Fabrizio
Published: March 2023

The paper describes a work of geometric analysis, shape interpretation, and algorithmic modeling on the intradossal conformation of compound vaults inside Palazzo Grosso by Vittone. The tools of VPL allow to confront vocabularies and rules of three-dimensional homogeneous objects, to be applied to ideal models and built architecture.
Complexity and Diversity in Palladian Facades
Authors: Lee Ju Hyun , Ostwald Michael J.
Published: March 2023

This study presents an analysis of two aesthetic properties, complexity and diversity, in Palladian architecture. The former highlights the fractal dimension of façade geometry, and the latter its semantic randomness. Along with a methodological description and advice on settings, this study contributes to the discussion about mathematical beauty in architecture.
On Composition Ideals and Dual Ideals of Bounded Holomorphic Mappings
Authors: Cabrera-Padilla M. G. , Jiménez-Vargas A. , Ruiz-Casternado D.
Published: March 2023

Applying a linearization theorem due to Mujica (Trans Am Math Soc 324:867–887, 1991), we study the ideals of bounded holomorphic mappings $$\mathcal {I}\circ \mathcal {H}^\infty $$

I
∘

H

∞

generated by composition with an operator ideal $$\mathcal {I}$$
I
. The bounded-holomorphic dual ideal of $$\mathcal {I}$$
I
is introduced and its elements are characterized as those that admit a factorization through $$\mathcal {I}^{\textrm{dual}}$$

I

dual

. For complex Banach spaces E and F, we also analyze new ideals of bounded holomorphic mappings from an open subset $$U\subseteq E$$

U
⊆
E

to F such as p-integral holomorphic mappings and p-nuclear holomorphic mappings with $$1\le p<\infty $$

1
≤
p
<
∞

. We prove that every p-integral (p-nuclear) holomorphic mapping from U to F has relatively weakly compact (compact) range.
Remission einer therapierefraktären generalisierten pustulösen Psoriasis unter dem Interleukin-36-Rezeptor-Inhibitor Spesolimab
Authors: Müller Valentina Laura , Kreuter Alexander
Published: March 2023

Die generalisierte pustulöse Psoriasis (GPP) ist eine inflammatorische Erkrankung, die prinzipiell lebensbedrohlich verlaufen kann. Im Gegensatz zur „klassischen“ Psoriasis (Psoriasis vulgaris) geht diese mit einer sterilen Pustelbildung auf erythematöser Haut einher. Bislang gab es in Europa keine suffiziente, zugelassene Therapieoption, sodass die für die Psoriasis vulgaris eingesetzten Medikamente auch bei der GPP Verwendung fanden. Neuere Studien belegen, dass bei der GPP oft eine Mutation des Interleukin-36-Rezeptor-Antagonisten (IL-36Ra) zu einer gesteigerten Inflammation und entsprechend zur Krankheitsaktivität führt. Wir berichten den Fall einer schweren GPP mit einer kompletten Remission nach 2‑maliger Gabe von Spesolimab, einem neuen Interleukin-36-Rezeptor-Antikörper.
Unbiased estimation of the OLS covariance matrix when the errors are clustered
Authors: Boot Tom , Niccodemi Gianmaria , Wansbeek Tom
Published: March 2023

When data are clustered, common practice has become to do OLS and use an estimator of the covariance matrix of the OLS estimator that comes close to unbiasedness. In this paper, we derive an estimator that is unbiased when the random-effects model holds. We do the same for two more general structures. We study the usefulness of these estimators against others by simulation, the size of the t-test being the criterion. Our findings suggest that the choice of estimator hardly matters when the regressor has the same distribution over the clusters. But when the regressor is a cluster-specific treatment variable, the choice does matter and the unbiased estimator we propose for the random-effects model shows excellent performance, even when the clusters are highly unbalanced.
Differences in the prefrontal cortex responses of healthy young men performing either water-based or land-based exercise at light to moderate intensity
Authors: Hashitomi Tatsuya , Hoshi Daisuke , Fukuie Marina , Tarumi Takashi , Sugawara Jun , Watanabe Koichi
Published: March 2023

Cerebral blood flow increases more during water-based exercise than land-based exercise owing to the effects of end-tidal CO2 (PETCO2) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) changes due to water immersion. However, it is unclear whether oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) concentrations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) are increased more by water-based or land-based exercise. We hypothesized that oxy-Hb concentrations in the PFC are higher during water-based exercise than land-based exercise when the exercise intensity is matched. To test this hypothesis, 10 healthy participants (age: 24.2 ± 1.7 years; height: 1.75 ± 0.04 m; weight: 69.5 ± 5.2 kg) performed light- to moderate-intensity cycling exercise in water (water-based cycling (WC); chest-high water at 30 °C) and on land (LC). Stroke volume, cardio output, heart rate, MAP, respiratory rate, PETCO2, and oxy-Hb in the PFC were assessed during 15 min of exercise, with exercise intensity increased every 5 min. Both WC and LC significantly increased oxy-Hb concentrations in the PFC as exercise intensity was increased (intensity effect: p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in oxy-Hb concentrations during WC and LC in most prefrontal areas, although significant differences were found in areas corresponding to the left dorsolateral PFC (exercise effect: p < 0.001). Thus, WC and LC increase oxy-Hb concentrations in the PFC in a similar manner with increasing exercise intensity, but part of the PFC exhibits enhanced oxy-Hb levels during WC. The neural response of the PFC may differ during water-based and land-based exercise owing to differences in external information associated with water immersion.