bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mining technologies at Polyus Krasnoyarsk
Authors:   Polyus Krasnoyarsk Company, Krasnoyarsk, Russia, Skorik L. F. , Karpov V. A. ,   Polyus Krasnoyarsk Company, Krasnoyarsk, Russia, Timofeev I. N. ,   Polyus Krasnoyarsk Company, Krasnoyarsk, Russia, Ptashnik A. I. ,   Polyus Krasnoyarsk Company, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Published: November 2020

The article discusses mining efficiency and the related research activities at Polyus Krasnoyarsk. Olimpiada and Blagodat gold fields feature difficult geological, hydrological and geotechnical conditions. Sustainable mining at high rate and high output requires permanent scientific, engineering and design support and supervision. In this regard, the integrated and fruitful efforts are persistently undertaken to improve performance of drilling and blasting, including minimization of seismic and shock wave impact on rock mass beyond the perimeter blast holes, optimization of size grade composition of blasted rock pile, and determination of displacement vector of rocks in muck pile using appropriate instrumentation and software. Furthermore, modification and upgrading of drainage systems and slope stability control is always in process in Olimpiada open pit mines. Polyus Krasnoyarsk engages itself with refining of information on geomechanics and hydrogeology of gold ore bodies. The purpose of these activities is to determine and amend the parameters of ore body occurrence, morphology of faulting, rock contacts and folding structures in rock mass, physical and mechanical properties of rocks, as well as hydrogeological conditions, with updating of the numerical models. Such information at hand ensures mine safety and enables safe and economically efficient decision-making on spoil bank design to provide the required slope stability in open pit mines.
Initiation of residual stress zone during blasting in jointed granite rock mass in operation of Priargunsky Industrial Mining and Chemical Union
Authors:   Belgorod State University, Belgorod, Russia, Tyupin V. N.
Published: November 2020

Russian and foreign technical literature says that blasting in jointed rock mass induces zones with altered physical properties and geomechanical behavior beyond the perimeter holes. These zones are identified as the crushed zone, radially fractured zone, spalling zone and shattered zone. The shattered zone lacks scientific attention although this zone can reach the width of (30–170)db (db—blasthole diameter) in open pit mines and (25–75)db in underground mines. The earlier implemented research answers the question on quantitative change in the stresses and strains of a jointed rock mass during blasting. The initiation mechanism of the shattered zone remains unclear. This study aims to find the initiation mechanism of the shattered zone in jointed rock mass and to determine its stress state after blasting. Three series of full-scale experimental studies have been performed in jointed granite rock mass using acoustic emission methods, ultrasonic techniques and deformation measurements. It is found that in the shattered zone, blocks in the jointed rock mass displace radially from the blast holes with deformation of the joint surfaces and with elastic strains preserved after blasting. For this reason, this zone is qualified as the zone of blast-induced residual stresses. The article gives the formula for the residual radial compressive stresses under short-delay multi-row blasting. The numerical calculation using this formula and the actual mine data prove the formula validity. The method of destressing blasting is proposed to unload rockburst-hazardous rock mass from stresses in the areas of the confining pressure phenomena such as spalling and sloughing. This method has been trialed in Priargunsky’s mines in granite rock mass (1400 m long area was unloaded from stresses in mines). The authors highly appreciate participation of I. I. Shishkin, B. M. Belyaev, V. M. Pankov and V. A. Pazdnikova in the experimental research.
Temperature effect on implementation of mining system improvement for the potash-bearing strata in Starobin deposit
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg Mining University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, Zubov V. P. , Sokol D. G. ,   Saint-Petersburg Mining University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
Published: November 2020

Currently mines of Belaruskali actively expand production capacities in the conditions of great depth of productive strata and high concentration of mining operations. High power loading of mining equipment in combination with complicated geotechnical conditions are the major causes of increased air temperatures in longwalls. In view of the intended social and technological improvement, one of the current tasks of the top priority is normalization of temperature conditions in longwalls pursuant to the effective standards. The data required for the set task solution were obtained during underground investigation of geotechnical situations which have influence on temperature of intake air currents in longwalls. This article presents the research findings on the formation of temperature conditions in longwall mining. At the great mining depths (500–600 m and more), the temperature of intake air currents exceeds the maximal allowable values. It is expedient to change to the specially designed pillarless mining flow charts capable to ensure independent ventilation of longwall and power train, and to enable heat transfer between intake air flow and rocks in mined-out areas.
Digitalization of hydrogeological processes in mining industry
Authors:   Belgorod State University, Belgorod, Russia, Leontieva E. V. , Kvachev V. N. ,   Belgorod State University, Belgorod, Russia
Published: November 2020

The groundwater monitoring reconstruction and hydrogeological digitalization are discussed on the ground of the past and modern mine flooding protection technologies and geo-information technologies. According to the authors, it is of the current concern to advance digitalization technologies for hydrogeological processes in the mining industry to be focused on: – operative and episodic control and display of water condition at the control point in the x, y, z, t coordinates, including pore pressure, temperature, mineralization, flow rate of drainage water intake devices, productivity of pumping equipment of mine and quarry drainage, water-development in pit walls, in underground mines, in the influence zone of mining production; – creation of permanent hydrogeological models of groundwater flow, pore pressure distribution, flow gradients and transport of pollutants within the framework of conceptual and numerical models of subsoil, mining facilities, terrain, natural environment and anthropogenic activity in the influence zone of mining. The article discusses the working cycles of digitalization of operational and occasional monitoring data on the status of groundwater at the control points and 3D representations of groundwater flow, distribution of pore pressure, pressure gradients and movement of pollutants using constantly operating models to ensure safe and competitive development of flooded mineral deposits in modern conditions. The relevance of the digitalization technologies for hydrogeological processes based on the latest achievements in the field of geoinformatics and automation of hydrogeological work is substantiated.
Drain water of Tyrnyauz deposit during and after operation
Authors:   Belgorod State University, Belgorod, Russia, Khaustov V. V. , Tyupin V. N. ,   Belgorod State University, Belgorod, Russia, Agarkov N. B. ,   Belgorod State University, Belgorod, Russia
Published: November 2020

High-mountain Tyrnyauz deposit of tungsten–molybdenum ore is unique in many respects, including its complicated hypsometry. The latter governs watering of the deposit and large-scale migration of manmade substances in gravity, air and water flows. Different geneses groundwater enters underground openings in Molibden mine. The first kind groundwater is water of infiltration from the upper lying hydrogeological zone; this water features low mineralization (to 0.4 g/l) and mostly hydrocarbonate–calcium composition. The second kind is groundwater from the lower lying hydrogeological zone; this water features high gas content (as a rule, more than 500 ml/l) and carbon dioxide or carbon dioxide–nitrogen composition. Such water contains hydrocabonate–chloride or seldom chloride–hydrocarbonate anions; cations are mostly sodium; mineralization varies in the range of 2–12 g/l. The major factors to govern chemical composition of drain water at the stage of mine operation are mixing of groundwater of the indicated genetic types, oxidation of fine ore, presence of oil products from operating self-propelling machines, as well as nitrogen compounds due to use of explosives in production processes. As a result, drain effluents have out-of-limit concentrations of ore parent metals, oil products and nitrogen compounds. Such effluents were discharged untreated to local hydrogeographic network. At the post-operation stage, drain water remains one of the key pollutant factors to the environment; it also contains out-of-limit concentrations of heavy metals though much lower concentrations of oil products and nitrogen compounds. The aim of this study is to reveal the governing factors of drain water composition during and after mineral mining, to demonstrate the high ecological risk due to such drain water discharge to hydrogeographic network and, thereby, to prove the critical need of drain water localization and treatment using advanced techniques.
Changes in physicochemical properties of brown coal under hydrothermal modification
Authors:   REC «Mekhanobr-Tekhnika» (St. Petersburg, Russia), Gerasimov A. M. , Arsentyev V. A. ,   REC «Mekhanobr-Tekhnika» (St. Petersburg, Russia)
Published: November 2020

Hydrothermal drying of low-grade coals was first suggested in Austria as early as in 1920, when it envisaged treatment of a lump coal with 180–240 °C steam in an autoclave. Hydrothermal treatment (HTT) of brown high-ash coals at 200 to 250 °C causes certain changes in their structure and physicochemical properties, similar to those under low-temperature pyrolysis. Moreover, these changes occur at values 50–100 °C below the pyrolysis temperatures, and the HTT product is close to semi-coke in terms of its calorific value. During hydrothermal treatment, the surface of the coal phase becomes more hydrophobic, while the specific surface of the mineral fraction decreases and the swellability is lost, which leads to lower adsorption activity. Taken in combination, these effects significantly modify the processing properties of coal. When only brown coal-water separation is required, the HTT may be performed without adding free water; when changes the processing properties of coals are necessary, it is advisable to carry out hydrothermal treatment in suspensions containing approximately 50 % of free water. This treatment not only causes the removal of moisture, but also leads to certain other changes in the coal structure. The study was supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 18-17-00169).
Separation of rare-earth metals and titanium in complex apatite concentrate processing
Authors:   St. Petersburg Mining University (St. Petersburg, Russia), Cheremisina O. V. , Sergeev V. V. ,   St. Petersburg Mining University (St. Petersburg, Russia), Fedorov A. T. ,   St. Petersburg Mining University (St. Petersburg, Russia), Alferova D. A. ,   St. Petersburg Mining University (St. Petersburg, Russia)
Published: November 2020

Intermediate processing products of apatite raw materials, such as the process solutions of phosphoric acid (PA) containing the in-demand rare-earth elements (REE) of heavy and medium-light groups, are a promising source of rare-earth metals. Apatite concentrate typically has low rare-earth metals grades (up to 1 %); therefore, sufficient economic value may only be achieved with those technologies that yield individual rare-earth metals without modifications in the underlying apatite raw materials process. Extraction methods have significant technological advantages, mainly due to the simplicity of implementation and the possibility of accelerated industrial-scale adaptation. Rare-earth metals recovery from PA process solutions into the organic phase based on di-2-ethylhexylphosphoric acid (D2EHPA) is associated with the simultaneous extraction of titanium (IV). Additional separation processes are, therefore, required in view of the presence of titanium in the REE extract. It has been found that effective titanium recovery from the organic phase is achieved by using oxalic acid with the concentration of 0.25 mol/l at the phase ratio of 0.5 and the mixing rate of 400 min–1. The content of impurity elements in the concentrates of individual REM compounds obtained of does not exceed 10–4 %. The complex processing operations performed for obtaining individual rare-earth metals represent a complete technology for the integrated processing of apatite raw materials. The work was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 19-19-00377).
Manufacture of road stone and respective quality requirements in the pre-revolutionary Russia
Authors:   Petrozavodsk State University (Petrozavodsk, Russia), Kameneva E. E. , Kamenev E. V. ,   Petrozavodsk State University (Petrozavodsk, Russia)
Published: November 2020

The paper studies the establishment and development history for road stone quality requirements and covers its manufacture in the pre-revolutionary Russia. It is shown that industrial-scale production of road stone was first initiated in Russia as late as at the end of the 19 century. Due to the development of road construction technologies, it became requisite to assess the quality of rocks used to produce crushed stone. The first speculative conclusions on the effect of moisture, mechanical and temperature loads on the quality of crushed stone were made in the middle of the 19 century; however, at the time, there was no uniformity in how to establish the material quality. Crushed stone quality indicators (strength, abrasion, grain shape, and some others) were formulated at the beginning of the 20 century, when mechanized crushed stone manufacturing methods were being first introduced in Russia. In the same period, methods were developed for establishing certain crushed stone quality indicators in laboratory conditions. The underlying principles for these methods, in fact, correspond to the current methods of testing physical and mechanical properties of rocks. The difference lies in the equipment design, experimental conditions, and quantitative assessments of the indicators studied. In general, the late 19 – early 20 centuries may be referred to as the period when the scientific approach was first applied to crushed stone quality studies in Russia and the foundations for its standardization were laid.
Mining Institute’s metallurgists: a tradition serving the Country, science and production industry
Authors:   Saint Petersburg Mining University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Brichkin V. N. , Bazhin V. Yu. ,   Saint Petersburg Mining University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Vorobiev A. G. ,   “Ore and Metals” Publishing House, Moscow, Russia
Published: November 2020

Being the climax of the mining science, metallurgy has always played an important role at the Saint Petersburg Mining University, where a community emerged over the past years comprised of graduates and staff who chose metallurgy as the area of their professional interest and application. The history of the community is yet to be studied in all details. As for the professional activity of the former students of metallurgy and their contribution to the common cause of this discipline, this also needs to be thoroughly analyzed. The purpose of this essay is to partially close and highlight the current historic gaps with the hope to see further research in the area. We shall also try and answer the following question: How adequate is the metallurgist community of the Mining Institute to the current concept of the science school in Russia. Many years ago, the Mining Institute saw the rise of a community of metallurgists with different specializations, which still exists and is active today. The members of the community are capable of solving complex problems, generating breakthrough ideas and develop leadership skills. Getting support from their centuries-long heritage and their genuine interest in the subject, the community ensures its continuity and resists external change. The contemporary philosophy of science highlights the phenomenon of Russian science schools and their role for science and society while pointing out important features and characteristics. The most precise and concise definition of science schools was given by A. S. Levin, who oversees support of leading science schools and grants of the President of the Russian Federation. His definition is quite comprehensive: “A science school is a Russian historic form of joint research work carried out by a team of researchers of different ages and qualifications led by a recognized leader towards a common goal and ensuring an efficient research work and upskilling”. It will be entirely fair to apply this definition to the Mining Institute’s metallurgist community comprised of creative individuals who cherish centuries-long traditions and who, without hesitation, continue to engage themselves in research, education and social activity in this 21st century.
Learning to Care, Learning to Be Affected: Two Public Spaces Designed to Counter Segregation
Authors: Sandström Ida
Published: November 2020

In response to social fragmentation and segregation, public space is increasingly conceived of as an instrument for fostering openness towards differences. Drawing on two recent public spaces—Superkilen in Copenhagen, Denmark, and Jubileumsparken in Gothenburg, Sweden—this article explores the ethical potential of two different design approaches to the sharing of public space—designing for an ethics of care and an ethics of affect. Although different in terms of design, Superkilen and Jubileumsparken are both influenced by artistic approaches in their aspiration to make people connect emotionally to the space. In their design, the two spaces display contrasting approaches to community: Jubileumsparken invites its visitors to join shared projects, suggesting that community is a potential that may be realised through processes of collective care—it is a space in which we learn to care when working together. Superkilen works in an almost opposite way, confronting its visitors with transnational formations, diversity and designed fragmentation leading to situations, or moments, in which we may learn to be affected by distant atmospheres and faraway people and places. When studied together, the two spaces display a range of everyday situations in which the personal, or even the intimate, may be experienced along with the deeply collective—be it through shared work or the exposure to those or that different from you. It is finally argued that this palette of everyday situations, in which we learn to care and learn to be affected, holds an ethical potential of expanding the notion of community beyond sameness and unity, as seen in Superkilen and Jubileumsparken.
The Trash Bin on Stage: On the Sociomaterial Roles of Street Furniture
Authors: Wirdelöv Johan
Published: November 2020

They are easily overlooked, but benches, trash bins, drinking fountains, bike stands, ashtray bins, and bollards do influence our ways of living. Street furniture can encourage or hold back behaviours, support different codes of conduct, or express the values of a society. This study is developed from the observation that the number of different roles taken on by street furniture seem to quickly increase in ways not attended to. We see new arrivals such as recycled, anti-homeless, skateboard-friendly, solar-powered, storytelling, phone-charging and event-making furniture entering public places. What are typical sociomaterial roles that these things play in urban culture of today? How do these roles matter? This article suggests a conceptualisation of three furniture roles: Carnivalesque street furniture takes part in events and temporary places. Behaviourist street furniture engages in how humans act in public. Cabinet-like street furniture makes itself heard through relocating shapes of other objects. These categories lead to two directions for further research; one concerning the institutions behind street furniture, and one concerning how street furniture shapes cities through influencing different kinds of ‘scapes.’ The aim of this article is to advance theory on an urban material culture that is evolving faster and faster. By conceptualising this deceptively innocent group of things and articulating its relations to the everyday structures of the city, I hope to provide a framework for further studies.
BRINGING WERNER’S TEACHINGS TO THE NEW WORLD: ANDRÉS MANUEL DEL RÍO AND THE CHAIR OF MINERALOGY IN THE SCHOOL OF MINES OF MEXICO (1795–1805)
Authors: ESCAMILLA-GONZÁLEZ FRANCISCO OMAR , MORELOS-RODRÍGUEZ LUCERO
Published: November 2020

Professor Andrés Manuel del Río (1764–1849) taught mineralogy from 1795 to 1846 in the School of Mines of Mexico City. This institution was the first mining engineering school of the New World and it followed closely the educational model of the Freiberg Mining Academy, established in 1765 in Saxony. The geological sciences, in particular, were taught at the School of Mines using Abraham Gottlob Werner’s (1749–1815) teaching method. This article analyzes the first ten years of Del Río’s work by studying the three branches of mineralogy that he taught: orictognosy, geognosy, and the ‘art of mining’. This analysis is based on the textbooks he wrote as well as other primary historical documents, many associated with students, that record the discoveries made by him from 1795 to 1805. This interval is considered to be the first golden period of his academic career during which he wrote textbooks and discovered vanadium.
A BRIEF ACCOUNT OF GERMAN GEOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN MEXICO AND ITS LOCAL COLLABORATORS (1824–1847)
Authors: AZUELA LUZ F.
Published: November 2020

During the first half of the nineteenth century, foreign mining experts and entrepreneurs were attracted to invest in Mexico given its legendary mining industry wealth. At the time, the Mexican Government needed to increase foreign investment, especially in the mining industry, to overcome the financial impact of the war of Independence. In this context, collaboration between local and foreign actors, from different backgrounds, and social statuses, greatly assisted the exploration and utilization of Mexico’s extensive mineral resources. Knowledge coproduction in the geological sciences in Mexico was the outcome of such collaboration. This article examines the exchange of knowledge, as documented in scientific works published during those years, between German mining officers, Mexican scholars, and other local actors. We argue that the specific local character of the encounters between the actors determined this collaborative process, which not only prompted the reconfiguration of geological knowledge and practices in both Mexico and Germany, but also disseminated the coproduced geological knowledge throughout global scientific networks.
GIUSEPPE FOLGHERAITER: THE ITALIAN PIONEER OF ARCHAEOMAGNETISM
Authors: PRINCIPE CLAUDIA , MALFATTI JONAS
Published: November 2020

The history of the science of archaeomagnetism conventionally starts in 1600 with the publication of William Gilbert's monumental work De Magnete, but the theoretical basis of this scientific field has to be positioned at the end of the nineteenth century. In Italy at that time, a number of scientists such as Giambattista Beccaria, Macedonio Melloni and Silvestro Gherardi, were working on magnetic field characteristics and their work variously contributed to the early study of Earth and rock magnetism. A major contribution to the birth of paleomagnetism as a science, and archaeomagnetism as a dating technique, was produced by Giuseppe Folgheraiter (1856–1913) by means of his research on the magnetic properties of volcanic deposits and his attempts to date ancient pottery of different epochs based on the magnetic properties of clay materials. Initially, Folgheraiter studied the rock magnetism of the volcanic rocks of Latium where he replicated the findings of Macedonio Melloni, who had studied Vesuvius lavas, and found that volcanic rocks are affected by a permanent magnetization. In addition, Folgheraiter verified the discovery by Filippo Keller of the Punti distinti. Folgheraiter also made the innovative proposal that lightning strongly influences the magnetic properties of lavas resulting in magnetic disorder. The main analytical effort of Folgheraiter at the end of the nineteenth century was dedicated to the study of the variations of magnetic inclination in different epochs as registered in archaeological pottery. He produced archaeomagnetic sets of analyses on 191 samples grouped into 10 epochs, that resulted in the first reconstruction of a geomagnetic secular variation curve (SVC). Even if nowadays the Folgheraiter analytical results have been replaced by more precise measurements, a great portion of the development of modern archaeomagnetic techniques originated with Folgheraiter’s experiments and intuitions. Many of those advances were improved upon only during the first half of the twentieth century by Emile Thellier (1904–1987). Actually, the well-known work by Thellier, resulting in the birth of the Saint Maur archaeomagnetic laboratory at the Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, had as a starting point the theories and suggestions developed by Giuseppe Folgheraiter. Based on the studies by Thellier, the well-known secular variation curve for France was derived, later to be perfected by Ileana Bucur in 1994.
Pulpectomy versus Extraction for the Treatment of Nonvital Primary Second Molars: A Retrospective Chart Review
Authors: Sebourn S , Yu Q , Ritwik P
Published: November 2020

Objectives: The current investigation evaluated parameters leading to the utilization of pulpectomy versus extraction for treatment of nonvital primary second molars. Study design: This retrospective chart review identified patients up to 8-years of age with primary second molars treated by pulpectomy or extraction. Patients in the extraction group were age and gender-matched to the pulpectomy group. Demographic, clinical, radiographic and behavioral data were extracted for comparison. Chi-square, Fisher and T-test were performed for statistical analysis. Results: There were 23 patients in each group, with a mean age of 5 years (ranging 3–8 years, ±1.5 for pulpectomy and ±1.3 for extraction). Significantly more pulpectomies were performed in the mandible (p=0.002), specifically on the left side (p=0.0035). Internal and external root resorption were significantly higher in the extraction group (p=0.033 and p=0.007 respectively). Restorability was significantly lower in the extraction group (p<0.0001). Pre-procedural pain was reported by 76.5 percent of all patients, but pharmacologically treated in 15.2 percent. Nitrous oxide was administered to 73.9 percent of patients for behavior guidance. Conclusion: Pathologic root resorption and non-restorability were significantly higher in the extraction group. Behavior and pathologic bone resorption did not influence treatment choice. A higher proportion of children reported pre-treatment pain and needed adjunctive behavior guidance than children who did not have pre-treatment pain or did not need adjunctive behavior guidance.
Gender Differences in Pediatric Dentistry Chairs in the United States and Canada
Authors: Townsend Janice A , da Fonseca Marcio A , Rodriguez Tobias E , LeHew Charles W
Published: November 2020

Objective: To analyze gender differences in personal and professional demographics, job perceptions and work satisfaction between male and female pediatric dentistry academic leaders in the United States and Canada. Study Design: A 40-question survey was sent electronically to department chairs requesting information about demographics, current circumstances of the position, professional history, and opinions about the position. Data was analyzed by the sex of the respondent. Results: Eighty-eight surveys were distributed electronically and 55 chairs responded (response rate: 62.5%). Women comprised 29.5% of the sample, were younger and had less leadership training than men. Men had served longer in the position (t(41)=2.02, p=0.05) and had higher ranking academic titles. Women spent more time managing personnel (p=0.026), creating courses and programs (p=0.029), and teaching (p=0.006) than men. Female chairs perceived to have a difficult relationship with the faculty (p=0.027), felt they received less faculty support (p=0.002), and were significantly more dissatisfied in the job (p=0.037). Men were more stressed about a heavy workload than women (p=0.001). Conclusion: Gender was significantly related to the demographics, experience, perceptions of the skills and abilities required for job performance, time management and job satisfaction for pediatric dentistry department chairs in American and Canadian institutions.
Fora dos holofotes: estudo empírico sobre o controle da imparcialidade dos ministros do STF
Authors: Glezer Rubens Eduardo , Guimarães Lívia Gil , Ferraro Luíza Pavan , Barbosa Ana Laura Pereira
Published: November 2020

A efetividade dos mecanismos de controle da imparcialidade nos tribunais tem papel significativo na construção de sua reputação e autoridade. No Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), as arguições de impedimento e suspeição são instrumentos centrais para este controle. O objetivo deste artigo consistiu na avaliação da efetividade desses instrumentos, aprofundando o diagnóstico de que nenhuma arguição de impedimento ou suspeição foi levada ao julgamento pelo Plenário. A partir de uma análise empírica quantitativa e qualitativa do rito e conteúdo das decisões das arguições foi possível concluir que a postura do STF frente a esses mecanismos é ambígua. De um lado, tem uma jurisprudência consistente e razoável para negar seguimento às arguições de impedimento e suspeição. De outro, os procedimentos são conduzidos com tons de deferência, com violações ao rito e às etapas processuais, sem transparência sobre os fatos e argumentações jurídicas para afastamento ou manutenção do ministro no caso. Discutiu-se que os resultados do controle da imparcialidade de ministro podem até ser atingidos, mas sem que haja o ganho reputacional correspondente à sua atuação, de forma a abrir espaço para a discussão da legitimidade do próprio tribunal.
Psychological Characteristics of Emotional Functioning of Families with Problem Children
Authors: Mushkevych Myroslava
Published: November 2020

W artykule opisano główne cechy emocjonalne i interpersonalne członków rodziny z problemowymi dziećmi. Badanie empiryczne zostało przeprowadzone z wykorzystaniem testów projekcyjnych „Autoportret”, „Nieistniejące zwierzę”, „Obraz rodziny”, „Człowiek w deszczu”, „Dom. Drzewo. Człowiek”. Literatura przedmiotu wskazuje, że rodzina dysfunkcyjna może powodować i pogarszać różne objawy neuropsychologiczne i psychosomatyczne, zaburzenia osobowości oraz dostosowanie społeczne członków rodziny. Wykazano empirycznie, że członkowie rodzin dysfunkcyjnych z dziećmi problemowymi odczuwają niestabilność, występują u nich objawy psychosomatyczne, podejrzliwość, nieufność, trudności w komunikacji i interakcji z innymi, lęk, strach, agresja, impulsywność, bierność, niedojrzałość emocjonalna i intelektualna, problemy seksualne, chłód w relacjach, sztywność, napięcie, zaburzenia adaptacji społecznej i psychologicznej, mają tendencję do unikania problemów. Rezultaty pokazały, że dysfunkcyjne rodziny z problemowymi dziećmi nie przejawiają takich cech funkcjonowania osobistego i rodzinnego, jak: spójność członków rodziny, pozytywny klimat rodziny, interakcja członków rodziny, odporność na stres. Stwierdzono, że głównym zadaniem podczas pracy z taką rodziną jest zapewnienie pomocy psychologicznej do rozwiązania wyżej wymienionych problemów i trudności z nimi powiązanych. Zakłada się, że uzyskane wyniki będą stanowić podstawę optymalnego modelu wsparcia psychologicznego zarówno systemu indywidualnego, jak i całego systemu rodzinnego.
„Czarodziej klawiatury” w świecie dyplomacji. Rola Ignacego Jana Paderewskiego w walce o polskie granice (1919-1920)
Authors: Krochmal Anna
Published: November 2020

Ignacy Jan Paderewski (1860-1941) – światowej sławy pianista, kompozytor, polityk oraz mąż stanu i dyplomata odegrał znaczącą rolę w kształtowaniu się odrodzonego państwa polskiego i jego granic. Aktywną działalność polityczną podjął w okresie pierwszej wojny światowej. W latach 1915-1918 pozyskał dla sprawy polskiej prezydenta Stanów Zjednoczonych, Woodrowa Wilsona i jego najbliższe otoczenie polityczne oraz ponad 4-milionową Polonię amerykańską. Realny wpływ na kształtowanie się terytorium i granic państwa polskiego zyskał po objęciu urzędu premiera polskiego rządu i ministra spraw zagranicznych, co miało miejsce 16 stycznia 1919 r. Doprowadził on do uznania odrodzonego państwa polskiego na arenie międzynarodowej przez Stany Zjednoczone (30 stycznia 1919 r.), Francję (23 lutego), Wielką Brytanię (25 lutego), Włochy (27 lutego), a następnie inne państwa. Reprezentował Polskę w Paryżu jako delegat na konferencję pokojową. W trakcie kilku miesięcy obrad walczył o włączenie do państwa polskiego Galicji Wschodniej, Śląska Cieszyńskiego i Górnego Śląska oraz Gdańska wraz z Pomorzem. Wspierali go w tych działaniach znani polscy uczeni, zarówno historycy (Szymon Askenazy, Oskar Halecki, Władysław Konopczyński), jak i geografowie (Eugeniusz Romer). Razem z Romanem Dmowskim podpisał w Wersalu w dniu 28 czerwca 1919 r. traktat pokojowy kończący I wojnę światową. Po rezygnacji z funkcji premiera w dniu 9 grudnia 1919 r. i wyjeździe z kraju, nadal interesował się sprawami polskimi. Do działalności politycznej powrócił w okresie inwazji bolszewickiej na Polskę. Od lipca 1920 r. do maja 1921 r. był na prośbę rządu polskiego i naczelnika państwa Józefa Piłsudskiego polskim delegatem na konferencje międzynarodowe oraz przedstawicielem przy Lidze Narodów.
Zbrodnie hitlerowskie na Pomorzu Gdańskim w latach 1939-1940. Piaśnica: geneza, uwarunkowania, zbrodnia i pamięć
Authors: Ostapowicz Dariusz
Published: November 2020

Masowe mordy w Piaśnicy dokonywane od jesieni 1939 do wiosny 1940 r. to jedne z największych zbrodni hitlerowskiego okupanta w północnej Polsce. Śmierć poniosło tam około dwanaście tysięcy przedstawicieli polskiej elity: przywódcy polityczni, działacze społeczni, inteligencja, duchowieństwo rzymskokatolickie. Eksterminacji podlegali również pacjenci szpitali psychiatrycznych. U podstaw tego ludobójstwa leżały: niemiecki rewanżyzm wobec postanowień traktatu wersalskiego, postulaty Lebensraumu i germanizacji oraz zbrodnicza ideologia nazizmu. Odpowiedzialność za zbrodnię – a także zaplanowane jeszcze przed wojną czystki etniczne, w tym deportacje Polaków do Generalnego Gubernatorstwa i obozu koncentracyjnego Stutthof – spoczywa na składających się z przedstawicieli niemieckiej mniejszości narodowej w II Rzeczypospolitej paramilitarnych bojówkach Selbstschutzu oraz podlegającym grupie operacyjnej SS Einsatzkommando 16 oddziale SS-Wachsturmbann „Eimann”. W trudnej sytuacji znaleźli się miejscowi Kaszubi, zagrożeni eksterminacją w razie odmowy przystosowania się. Piaśnica miała być w oczach hitlerowców wzorem dla kolejnych zbrodni, np. w Lesie Szpęgawskim. Obecnie, m.in. dzięki inicjatywie Stowarzyszenia „Rodzina Piaśnicka”, las, w którym dokonano zbrodni, jest miejscem pamięci narodowej z sanktuarium maryjnym.
Lt Col Stanisław Michowski and Conspiracy in the Army. A sanctioned crime
Authors: Arbuz Marcin
Published: November 2020

Artykuł prezentuje postać ppłk. dypl. obs. Stanisława Michowskiego w kontekście represji politycznych w Polsce przełomu lat czterdziestych i pięćdziesiątych XX w. Bohater tekstu to lotnik Polskich Sił Powietrznych, który po drugiej wojnie światowej powrócił do kraju i na nowo rozpoczął służbę w wojsku, lecz po krótkim czasie został z niego usunięty i niedługo potem aresztowany. Został jednym z oskarżonych, a następnie skazanych i straconych w konsekwencji wydarzeń znanych w historiografii jako spisek w wojsku. Operacja przeprowadzona przez organy Głównego Zarządu Informacji Wojska Polskiego wymierzona była przede wszystkim w żołnierzy przedwrześniowych, żołnierzy służących w Polskich Siłach Zbrojnych na Zachodzie oraz tych, którzy w czasie wojny przebywali na terenie kraju i działali w organizacjach konspiracyjnych. Jako lotnik Michowski został oskarżony o udział w konspiracyjnej grupie Wojsk Lotniczych, której zadaniem miało być spiskowanie przeciwko władzy komunistycznej i dążenie do obalenia jej siłą, za pomocą struktur wojskowych. Zarzuty stawiane wówczas oskarżonym w przytłaczającej większości nie miały nic wspólnego z rzeczywistością. Akty oskarżenia, na podstawie których w wielu przypadkach sądy orzekały karę śmierci, opierały się na zeznaniach preparowanych podczas wielogodzinnych przesłuchań.
Histopathological Profile of Non-Haematological Paediatric Neoplasms in Hadoti Region of Rajasthan
Authors: Bairwa Praveen Kumar , Vashist Neelu , Sukheeja Deepti
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND Malignancy is a major cause of childhood death in developed countries. In developing countries like India, paediatric tumours are rising day by day. Proper management of paediatric tumours needs epidemiological data in various geographical areas. The present study was carried out to classify and find out the histopathological profile of solid tumours of childhood and infancy in 0 - 14 years age group from 1st January 2015 to 31st December 2017. METHODS We studied histopathology reports of 173 paediatric tumours over a period of 3 years. All the biopsy cases of solid neoplasms in the age group 0 - 14 years were included. RESULTS In our study of 173 paediatric tumours, 133 (76.87 %) were benign and 40 (23.12 %) were malignant. Maximum incidence of malignant paediatric tumours was seen in the age group of 0 - 14 years [12.13 % (21 out of 173)], with male to female ratio of (1:1.3). Amongst the benign tumours, vascular tumours were most common [27.74 % (48 of 173 cases)], with highest incidence of haemangioma [68.75 % (33 of 48 cases)]. Amongst the malignant tumours, most common were bone tumours [6.35 % (11 of 173 cases)] and amongst bone tumours, Ewing’s sarcoma accounted for 63.63 % cases (7 of 11 cases). CONCLUSIONS The incidence of paediatric neoplasms in Hadoti region of Rajasthan is 0.75 % and the majority (54.33 %) of neoplasms occurred in 10 - 14 yrs. age group. KEYWORDS Histopathology, Paediatric, Non-Haematological Neoplasms
A Study on the Effects of Hypomagnesaemia among Critically Ill Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Southern Bihar
Authors: Singh Harjot , Ranjan Amit Kumar , Kumar Ranjan
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND Hypomagnesaemia is associated with other electrolyte abnormalities like hypokalaemia, hyponatremia, and hypophosphatemia. We wanted to study the serum magnesium levels in critically ill patients, and correlate the serum magnesium levels with patient outcome and other parameters like duration of stay in ICU, ventilator support and APACHE-II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation-II) score. METHODS The study included all the cases admitted in the ICU of Narayan Medical College & Hospital, with variable medical conditions within 6 months fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Demographic data (age and sex), medical history, surgical history, medications administrated and length of ICU stay were recorded for each patient. The severity scoring system used was Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation-II (APACHE-II). RESULTS Prevalence of Hypomagnesaemia in the present study was 60.2 %. Mortality and mechanical ventilator support (2.7 % and 28.4 %) in normomagnesemia subjects were significantly lesser than hypomagnesaemia subjects (33.9 % and 54.5 % respectively). CONCLUSIONS Hypomagnesaemia is a common electrolyte imbalance in critically ill patients. It is associated with higher mortality and morbidity in critically ill patients and is also associated with more frequent and more prolonged ventilatory support. KEYWORDS Critically Ill, Hypomagnesaemia, APACHE-II Score, Mortality, Ventilator Support
Incidence of Fatigue in Patients of Cancer of Head & Neck Region, Receiving Chemotherapy as well as Radiotherapy, and Its Effect on Quality of Life
Authors: Behera Simanta Kumar , Chauhan Sima
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND Fatigue has been defined as a feeling of weakness subjectively, also expressed as extreme tiredness and energy loss due to illness or physical or mental exertion. Differences of quality of fatigue between healthy controls and cancer patients have been suggested. Moreover, these are due to heightened degree of expression of fatigue in cancer patients. We wanted to determine the prevalence of fatigue in patients suffering from head & neck cancer and receiving chemotherapy as well as radiotherapy and evaluate the fatigue related impact on quality of life. METHODS This is a cross sectional study done among patients of head & neck cancer, receiving chemotherapy and radiotherapy, in the Department of Oncology, Surgery and Pathology, K.D. Medical College Hospital & Research Center, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh. Department of Radiation Oncology, Grecian Superspeciality Hospital, Mohali. PG Department of Radiotherapy, Acharya Harihar Regional Cancer Centre, S.C.B. Medical College & Hospital, Cuttack. Duration of study is 2013 December 2014 November and 2019 March - 2020 July. Forty-one patients were studied. RESULTS Out of twenty-four patients who were treated with radiotherapy, nine patients had mild fatigue; fifteen patients had moderate fatigue; and no patient had severe fatigue. Among seventeen patients who received chemotherapy, fourteen patients reported mild fatigue, two reported moderate fatigue, and one patient reported severe fatigue. CONCLUSIONS Different anticancer therapies cause Cancer Related Fatigue (CRF); those could be chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Severity of fatigue was more in radiotherapy as compared to chemotherapy group. KEYWORDS Cancer, Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy, Fatigue, Quality of Life (QOL)
Role of Platelet Indices in Determining the Type of Thrombocytosis
Authors: Ravuri Swarupa , Bolineni Chandrika , Jeshtadi Anunayi
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND We wanted to evaluate the role of platelet indices in differentiating reactive and clonal thrombocytosis. METHODS This is a cross sectional observational study conducted for two years among 150 patients with platelet counts of 5 lac and above. Thrombocytosis and utility of platelet indices like Mean Platelet Volume (MPV), Platelet Distribution Width (PDW) for the differential diagnosis of thrombocytosis were done. RESULTS Out of total 150 cases, 144 (96 %) had reactive thrombocytosis, and 6 (4 %) had clonal thrombocytosis. Infectious aetiology is seen in 64 (42.6 %), tissue injury 35 (23 %), rebound thrombocytosis 22 (14.6 %), anaemia 13 (8.6 %), multiple causes 8 (5.3 %), clonal aetiology 6 (4 %), and inflammatory 2 (1.3 %). Patients with reactive thrombocytosis showed a lower mean platelet volume and platelet distribution width compared to primary thrombocytosis. In reactive thrombocytosis MPV range, 6.0 - 8.0 fl with mean MPV 6.5 fl and PDW ranges from 14.0 - 16.2 % with mean PDW 15.3 %. In clonal thrombocytosis MPV range, 6.9 - 8.5 fl with mean MPV 7.9 fl and PDW range was 15.9 - 17.2 % with mean PDW 16.4 %. CONCLUSIONS On analysing the platelet counts and indices, patients with high counts, low MPV and PDW suggested reactive aetiology and patients with high counts and high MPV and PDW suggested clonal aetiology. KEYWORDS Thrombocytosis, Mean Platelet Volume, Platelet Distribution Width
Study of Renal Posterior Segmental Artery by Corrosion Cast Method
Authors: Kaushik Ram Kumar , Khare Satyam , Jain Shilpi , Tripathi Alok , Kausar Hina , Raizaday Shobhit
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND Variations in origin, course and distribution of renal blood vessels are frequent observations. The aim of this study was to observe the pattern of posterior segmental renal artery by corrosion cast method. METHODS Thirty pairs of kidneys were collected from cadavers in anatomy department of Subharti Medical College, Meerut. Corrosion casts of renal arteries were prepared by infusing cellulose acetate butyrate solution through abdominal aorta. They were macerated in conc. hydrochloric acid. Origin, course and distribution of the posterior segmental artery were studied. RESULTS Renal posterior segmental artery most frequently originated as a continuation of the posterior division (93 %). It has no anastomosis with nearby segmental arteries. CONCLUSIONS Posterior segmental artery supplies posterior segment of kidney and may also frequently give origin to apical segmental artery. This study of origin, course, distribution and variations of renal posterior segmental artery will be useful for surgical and radiological practice. KEYWORDS Kidneys, Renal Artery, Anterior Division, Posterior Division, Posterior Segmental Artery, Abdominal Aorta, Corrosion Casts
Revisiting Mini-Cholecystectomy in Laparoscopic Era – A Retrospective Study
Authors: Ningshen Phungreikan , Singh Khumallambam Ibomcha , Devi Ningombam Minita , M Malem Devi , Ahmed Yumkhaibam Sabir , Hatlang Khamlalmuan , P.A Nidin
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND Mini-cholecystectomy (MC), with its varied incision length, has long been considered feasible with comparable results to laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) 1-6,7 We undertook this study, driven by resource-constraints, by well-experienced surgeons, using 3 - 5 cm incision length, in our patients with low BMI. The aim of this study is to compare the results and outcomes between MC and LC. METHODS In this retrospective study of a prospectively maintained database, first 50 patients each were selected for MC and LC respectively. Operative time, pain-score, SSI (Surgical Site Infection), hospital stay, return to normal activity and complications were compared. RESULTS Both groups were matched for age, sex, BMI (Body Mass Index) and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grading. The mean operating time for MC was 43 minutes and for LC, 64 minutes. Hospital stay for MC was 1.9 days and for LC was 1.8 days, which was statistically not significant. Return to normal activity was 8 days for MC and 6.6 days for LC. In a subset analysis of eight lean and thin patients using 3 - 3.5 cm length incision with rectus muscle splitting, the return to normal activity was 6.9 days which is comparable to LC patients. CONCLUSIONS Mini-cholecystectomy and laparoscopic cholecystectomy produce comparable patient outcomes. In lean and thin patient, MC may be slightly more advantageous than LC in terms of less operating time. KEYWORDS Mini-Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, Outcome, Lean and Thin Patient