bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spectrophotometric analysis of fluorescent zirconia abutments compared to “conventional” zirconia abutments: A within subject controlled clinical trial
Authors: Thoma Daniel S. , Gamper Felix B. , Sapata Vítor M. , Voce Giuseppe , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. , Sailer Irena
Published: April 2017

Background

Zirconia abutments are frequently used for implant‐supported single crowns. Even though demonstrating esthetic benefits compared to metal abutments, zirconia abutments lead to an increased brightness of the peri‐implant mucosa compared to natural teeth and are not ideal from an esthetic point of view.

Purpose

To test whether or not a fluorescent hybrid zirconia abutment offers superior esthetics compared to a non‐fluorescent one‐piece zirconia abutment based on spectrophotometric analysis.

Materials and Methods

In 24 patients with 24 single‐tooth implants, 2 types of reconstructions were fabricated: a directly veneered one‐piece zirconia abutment/crown (control) and a directly veneered fluorescent hybrid zirconia abutment/crown (test). Spectrophotometric assessment was performed: prior to abutment insertion (WA), at abutment try‐in (A), at the try‐in of the final crowns (C). Color differences (ΔE) were assessed compared to the gingiva of natural teeth (T) and between the reconstructions.

Results

At abutment try‐in, ΔE values were 8.49 ± 3.59 for AControl and 8.27 ± 4.03 for ATest compared to T. At crown insertion, ΔE values were 7.61 ± 4.03 for CControl and 8.32 ± 3.57 for CTest compared to T. The difference in ΔE values between AControl and ATest was 0.23 ± 2.54 (P = .37), whereas the difference in ΔE values between CControl and CTest was −0.66 ±3.45 (P = .48). For all cases with a mucosal thickness ≤2 mm, the comparison between CControl and CTest was significant in favor of the control group (P = .03).

Conclusions

Both types of reconstructions were similar in terms of esthetics. Incases with a mucosal thickness of <2 mm, the soft tissue discoloration compared to the natural gingiva was more pronounced for the fluorescent hybrid zirconia reconstructions.
Prevalence and characteristics of autism spectrum disorders in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Delobel‐Ayoub Malika , Klapouszczak Dana , van Bakel Marit Maria Elisabeth , Horridge Karen , Sigurdardottir Solveig , Himmelmann Kate , Arnaud Catherine
Published: April 2017

Aim

To evaluate the prevalence of co‐occurring autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) among children with cerebral palsy (CP), and to describe their characteristics.

Method

The data of 1225 CP cases from four population‐based registers (Iceland, Sweden, and two in France) and one population‐based surveillance programme (North East England, UK) participating in the Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe Network (SCPE) were analysed. The ASD diagnoses were systematically recorded using category F84 of the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision. The registers provided data on children born between 1995 and 2006, while the cross‐sectional survey in the UK concerned children aged 0 to 19 years, registered in 2010.

Results

Among the children with CP, 107 had an associated diagnosis of ASD – i.e., 8.7% of the study population (95% confidence interval 7.2–10.5). This proportion varied across centres from 4.0% to 16.7% but was independent of CP prevalence. Male sex, co‐occurring epilepsy, intellectual disability, and better walking ability were associated with the coexistence of ASD.

Interpretation

Our findings support the need for a multidisciplinary approach to management of children with CP to adequately identify and address all facets of presentation, including ASD.
Paradox of public sector capacity building: Lessons from MATT2 UK–Bangladesh co‐operation
Authors: Hossain Farhad , Kumasey Anthony Sumnaya , Eldridge Derek , Kravariti Foteini , Bawole Justice Nyigmah
Published: April 2017

This study focuses on the Government of Bangladesh and the UK Department for International Development (DFID) public sector capacity‐building project under collaborative public governance. It examines the efficiency and effectiveness of a foreign‐funded and multistakeholder‐led public sector capacity‐development initiative dubbed Managing at the Top Stage 2 (MATT2) project, and how it contributed to the human resource capacity development in Bangladesh. A combination of data from Government sources, in‐depth interviews, focus group discussions, participant observation and author analysis was adopted. The results showed the project to have been largely successful, despite some challenges.
Aesthetic Properties as Powers
Authors: Simoniti Vid
Published: April 2017

Realist positions about aesthetic properties are few and far between, though sometimes developed by analogy to realism about secondary properties such as colours. By contrast, I advance a novel realist position about aesthetic properties, which is based on a disanalogy between aesthetic properties and colours. Whereas colours are usually perceived as relatively steady features of external objects, aesthetic properties are perceived as unsteady properties: as powers that objects have to cause a certain experience in the observer. Following on from this observation, I develop a realist account of aesthetic properties as causally efficient powers. Beauty is not merely in the mind of the observer; it is a power of an object to bring about a certain effect, as much instantiated in the object as its fragility or poisonousness. To show how such a view can be made ontologically respectable, I draw on recent ‘dispositionalist’ accounts of powers in philosophical metaphysics. I then offer two arguments in favour of this view. First, the view matches the phenomenology of aesthetic judgement. Second, the view offers an explanation of how it is that critics can demand agreement with their aesthetic judgements.
The epileptology of Koolen‐de Vries syndrome: Electro‐clinico‐radiologic findings in 31 patients
Authors: Myers Kenneth A. , Mandelstam Simone A. , Ramantani Georgia , Rushing Elisabeth J. , de Vries Bert B. , Koolen David A. , Scheffer Ingrid E.
Published: April 2017

Objective

This study was designed to describe the spectrum of epilepsy phenotypes in Koolen‐de Vries syndrome (KdVS), a genetic syndrome involving dysmorphic features, intellectual disability, hypotonia, and congenital malformations, that occurs secondary to 17q21.31 microdeletions and heterozygous mutations in KANSL1.

Methods

We were invited to attend a large gathering of individuals with KdVS and their families. While there, we recruited individuals with KdVS and seizures, and performed thorough phenotyping. Additional subjects were included who approached us after the family support group brought attention to our research via social media. Inclusion criteria were genetic testing results demonstrating 17q21.31 deletion or KANSL1 mutation, and at least one seizure.

Results

Thirty‐one individuals were studied, aged 2–35 years. Median age at seizure onset was 3.5 years, and 9 of 22 had refractory seizures 2 years after onset. Focal impaired awareness seizures were the most frequent seizure type occurring in 20 of 31, usually with prominent autonomic features. Twenty‐one patients had prolonged seizures and, at times, refractory status epilepticus. Electroencephalography (EEG) showed focal/multifocal epileptiform discharges in 20 of 26. MRI studies of 13 patients were reviewed, and all had structural anomalies. Corpus callosum dysgenesis, abnormal hippocampi, and dilated ventricles were the most common, although periventricular nodular heterotopia, focal cortical dysplasia, abnormal sulcation, and brainstem and cerebellum abnormalities were also observed. One patient underwent epilepsy surgery for a lesion that proved to be an angiocentric glioma.

Significance

The typical epilepsy phenotype of KdVS involves childhood‐onset focal seizures that are prolonged and have prominent autonomic features. Multifocal epileptiform discharges are the typical EEG pattern. Structural brain abnormalities may be universal, including signs of abnormal neuroblast migration and abnormal axonal guidance. Epilepsy surgery should be undertaken with care given the widespread neuroanatomic abnormalities; however, tumors are a rare, yet important, occurrence.
The contemporary geographies of craft‐based manufacturing
Authors: Fox Miller Chloe
Published: April 2017

This paper reviews the literature on craft production to explore the ways in which the normative landscape of craft is affecting the contemporary geographies of craft‐based manufacturing. Craft forms of production have enjoyed a revival in recent decades in what is now called the “third‐wave” craft movement. In this paper, I consider the origins and characteristics of third‐wave craft as well as its historical precedents. I highlight 3 distinct geographies associated with contemporary craft‐based manufacturing, including a fusion of industrial and cultural production in industrial workspaces, a relocalization of small‐scale industrial production in advanced economies, and a tendency towards spatial agglomeration in both urban and rural areas. Drawing on the case of the American craft‐brewing sector, I offer a picture of these distinct geographies in a representative manufacturing industry and highlight the need to consider the ways in which craft production and articulations of its values manifest differently in different industries. Finally, I conclude by offering reflections on the landscape of craft‐based manufacturing and potential avenues for future geographical engagements with craft production.
Safety and effectiveness of room temperature stable recombinant factor VIIa in patients with haemophilia A or B and inhibitors: Results of a multinational, prospective, observational study
Authors: Kavakli K. , Demartis F. , Karimi M. , Eshghi P. , Neme D. , Chambost H. , Sommer L. , Zak M. , Benson G.
Published: April 2017

Introduction

A room temperature stable formulation of recombinant activated factor VII (NovoSeven®), allowing convenient storage and therefore improved treatment access, has been developed. Bioequivalence to the previous NovoSeven® was demonstrated in healthy humans, leading to European approval (2008). Although no confirmed cases of neutralising antibodies to rFVIIa in patients with haemophilia A or B have been observed with the original formulation, changes in formulation or storage condition may alter immunogenicity.

Aim

SMART‐7™ was designed to investigate the safety of NovoSeven® in a real‐world setting in patients with haemophilia A or B with inhibitors.

Methods

Study medication was not provided by the sponsor, and treatment was at the discretion of the treating physician, in accordance with the local label. Patient baseline information was collected at enrolment. Information on safety, drug exposure and bleeding episodes was collected and FVII antibody screening was encouraged at baseline and performed at the investigator's discretion.

Results

Fifty‐one patients were enrolled and 31 completed the study. Forty‐one adverse events (AEs) were reported in 23 patients; 25 AEs in 14 patients were serious. No thromboembolic events were observed. Although four cases of reduced therapeutic response were reported, FVII antibody screening was negative. Forty‐eight patients experienced 618 bleeding episodes and 93.4% of 609 evaluated bleeds were stopped by treatment. Of the 538 bleeding episodes treated with NovoSeven® monotherapy, 94.2% stopped by end of treatment.

Conclusion

Data collected during the SMART‐7™ study revealed no treatment‐related safety issues and no FVII‐binding antibodies for patients treated with NovoSeven® under real‐world conditions.
Comparing the burden of illness of haemophilia between resource‐constrained and unconstrained countries: the São Paulo–Toronto Hemophilia Study
Authors: Carneiro J. D. A. , Blanchette V. , Ozelo M. C. , Antunes S. V. , Villaca P. R. , Young N. L. , Castro D. , Brandão L. R. , Carcao M. , Abad A. , Feldman B. M. ,   the São Paulo–Toronto Hemophilia Study Group
Published: April 2017

Introduction

Although the regular replacement of clotting factor concentrates (prophylaxis) has been well established as the standard of care for severe haemophilia, the high cost of factor concentrates has limited access to prophylaxis in countries with under‐developed or developing economies.

Aims

We studied the health gap that could be addressed by providing unlimited access to clotting factor concentrates with implementation of long‐term prophylaxis initiated from an early age in life.

Methods

We performed a cross‐sectional study of a random, representative sample of boys with moderate and severe haemophilia at three haemophilia treatment centres in Sao Paulo, Brazil, and one centre in Toronto, Canada.

Results

Canadian subjects were more often treated with prophylaxis, and began treatment at an earlier age. Fewer Canadian subjects had bleeds within the preceding 6 months (19 vs. 34, P = 0.003). Canadian subjects had lower (better) Pettersson radiographic scores (1.5 vs. 6.0, P = 0.0016), lower (better) Hemophilia Joint Health Scores (5.5 vs. 10.5, P = 0.0038), higher (better) Activity Scale for Kids scores (96.6 vs. 92.0, P = 0.033), more time spent in vigorous activity, and higher (better) social participation scores.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that increasing access to clotting factor concentrates for young boys with severe haemophilia is a global imperative.
Health information practice: integrating, inspiring and innovating
Authors: Marshall Audrey
Published: April 2017

The 2017 virtual issue of the Health Information and Libraries Journal (HILJ) is published to link to the 12th International Congress on Medical Librarianship and the 2017 EAHIL Workshop taking place in Dublin, Ireland on 12–16 June 2017. The conference title is Diversity in Practice: integrating, inspiring and innovative and it is exploring how health science librarianship, in all its diversity, is integrating, inspiring and innovating practice. These themes have been used to compile this virtual issue, which contains published articles selected from HILJ from the June 2014 issue through to September 2016. The virtual issue mirrors the format of a regular issue of HILJ, namely a review article, six original articles and our three regular features: ‘Dissertations into Practice’, ‘International Perspectives and Initiatives’ and ‘Teaching and Learning in Action’. All articles included in this virtual issue are available free online.
Regenerative endodontic treatment of perforated internal root resorption: a case report
Authors: Kaval M. E. , Güneri P. , Çalışkan M. K.
Published: April 2017

Aim

To present the regenerative endodontic treatment procedure of a perforated internal root resorption case and its clinical and radiographic findings after 2 years.

A 14‐year‐old female patient was referred complaining of moderate pain associated with her maxillary left lateral incisor. After radiographic examination, a perforated internal resorption lesion in the middle third of tooth 22 was detected. Under local anaesthesia and rubber dam isolation, an access cavity was prepared and the root canal was shaped using K‐files under copious irrigation with 1% NaOCl, 17% EDTA and distilled water. At the end of the first and second appointments, calcium hydroxide (CH) paste was placed in the root canal using a lentulo. After 3 months, the CH paste was removed using 1% NaOCl and 17% EDTA solutions and bleeding in the root canal was achieved by placing a size 20 K‐file into the periapical tissues. Mineral trioxide aggregate was then placed over the blood clot. The access cavity was restored using glass–ionomer cement and resin composite. After 2 years, the tooth was asymptomatic and radiographic examination revealed hard tissue formation in the perforated resorption area and remodelling of the root surface.

Key learning points

Regenerative endodontic treatment procedures are an alternative approach to treat perforated internal root resorption lesions.

Calcium hydroxide was effective as an intracanal medicament in regenerative endodontic treatment procedures.
Synthesis, characterization, and optimization of α‐Fe2O3/silica nanocomposites using homogenous precipitation method
Authors: Tari Faeze , Shekarriz Marzieh , Zarrinpashne Saeed , Ruzbehani Ahmad
Published: April 2017

The purpose of this study was to systematically synthesize and characterize the high surface area 10 wt% nanocomposites of α‐Fe2O3 (hematite)/silica using a simple and economically effective homogenous precipitation (HP) route via Response Surface Method combined with Central Composite Design (CCD). Accordingly, the RSM‐CCD approach including 20 experiments was designed to investigate the effects of three factors including concentration of iron chloride solution, pH and calcinations temperature on the final surface area of α‐Fe2O3/silica nanocomposites. The optimum surface area was 373 m2/g at the condition including iron chloride concentration of 0.018 mol/L, pH=8.95, and calcination temperature of 573°C.
Effects of BiMO3 on dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties of perovskite lead‐free piezoelectric BaTiO3–(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 ceramics
Authors: Chaiyo Nopsiri , Muanghlua Rangson , Vittayakorn Wanwilai , Vittayakorn Naratip
Published: April 2017

New lead‐free piezoelectric ceramics of 0.9BaTiO3–(0.1−x)(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3–xBiMO3, M=Al and Ga, where x=0.00‐0.10, were fabricated by the solid‐state reaction technique. The effect of BiMO3 contents on the perovskite structure, phase transition, and dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties was investigated. X‐ray diffraction patterns showed that the ceramics exhibit a monophasic perovskite phase up to x=0.06, suggesting stabilized perovskite structures with B‐site aliovalent substitutions. Compositional‐dependent phase transitions were observed from tetragonal to pseudo‐cubic phase with increasing BiMO3 amounts. Al3+ ions were found to stabilize the transition temperature of the ceramics, while significantly decreasing transition temperature, and a change in the dielectric peak were found with an increasing amount of Ga3+. Regarding Al3+ substitution, the remanent polarization (Pr) values were found to decrease slightly with the Al3+ amount. With regard to Ga3+ substitution, Pr values decreased with the Ga3+ amount up to 0.06 and then increased slightly. The ceramics became softer with a higher degree of substitution according to the lower coercive field (Ec), when compared with 0.9BaTiO3–0.1(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 ceramics. Ceramics with a lower degree of substitution and tetragonal phase showed butterfly strain loops that correlated with normal ferroelectric behavior.
Biodegradable hydrogel‐based biomaterials with high absorbent properties for non‐adherent wound dressing
Authors: Kumar Alok , Wang Xiang , Nune Krishna Chaitanya , Misra RDK
Published: April 2017

Dressing materials involve conventional gauzes and modern materials such as hydrogels and foam‐based biomaterials. Although the choice of dressing material depends on the type of wound, a dressing material is expected to be non‐cytotoxic. Additionally, moist dressing is considered appropriate to accelerate epithelialisation, while dry dressing may cause tissue damage during removal. An ideal dressing material is expected to provide a moist environment and degrade and release the drug for faster wound healing. Thus, we have designed a hydrogel‐based biodegradable dressing material to provide the moist environment with no cytotoxic effect in vitro. The design of the hydrogel involved alginate–collagen reinforced with whisker cellulose derived from cotton. The hydrogel was prepared via amide linkage in the presence of 1‐ethyl‐(dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and N‐hydroxysulfosuccinimide (NHS), followed by divalent cationic cross‐linking of alginate and hydrogen bonding with cellulose. The high water retention capability of the hydrogel enables a moist environment to be maintained in the wounded area. The constituents of the hydrogel provided a microenvironment that was suitable for cell proliferation in the vicinity of the hydrogel but inhibited cell attachment on it. The MTT assay results indicated a higher fibroblast proliferation and viability in the presence of the hydrogel.
Understanding the solidification of stainless steel slag and dust mixtures
Authors: Jung Sung Suk , Kim Gi Beom , Sohn Il
Published: April 2017

The solidification of a multicomponent stainless steel slag and dust composite has been studied by thermodynamic calculations using Factsage and analyses of samples using EPMA and Rietveld refinement of synchrotron X‐ray powder diffraction after various cooling rates. At an apparent cooling rate of 1 K/min, the content of spinel (10.6 wt%) was less than thermodynamically calculated (16.6 wt%), largely because of difficulties in the diffusion of depleted ions (including Cr, Mn, and Ni) in the liquid with very gradual compositional gradients. Melilite showed a uniform but distorted crystal structure of P21212 and its content (48.9 wt%) was larger than the calculated result (32.3 wt%). At apparent cooling rates of 10 K/min and 50 K/min, a slight decrease in spinel and a significant decrease in melilite were observed, and the spinel was divided into two regions with an identical space group of Fdm but with distinguished composition and lattice parameters. However, the amorphous proportion consistently increased with the cooling rate from 29.4 wt% at 1 K/min to 69.6 and 92.9 wt% at 10 K/min and 50 K/min respectively.
Think manager—think male, think follower—think female: Gender bias in implicit followership theories
Authors: Braun Stephan , Stegmann Sebastian , Hernandez Bark Alina S. , Junker Nina M. , van Dick Rolf
Published: April 2017

Because of the overlap between the social roles of women and followers, we predicted that people would show a bias, that is, favor female followers over male followers. To support this hypothesis, we conducted two studies: An explicit test of the bias using a scenario design and an implicit association test (IAT)‐based study. Both studies show that the role of an ideal follower is more strongly associated with the female gender role, which seems to be caused partly by a more communal connotation of the follower role. This effect might contribute to the underrepresentation of women in leadership positions as they are perceived to be an ideal fit for followership positions; but it may also push men away from being followers and into leadership positions.
Efficacy and safety of twice‐ vs once‐daily dosing of lisinopril for hypertension
Authors: Tsai Tiffany , Kroehl Miranda E. , Smith Steven M. , Thompson Angela M. , Dai Isabella Y. , Trinkley Katy E.
Published: April 2017

This retrospective cohort study compared administration of lisinopril twice daily and once daily for hypertension. Data were collected from an ambulatory electronic health record between 2011 and 2014. Patients previously receiving lisinopril 20 mg were placed into the once‐daily cohort if changed to 40 mg once daily or into the twice‐daily cohort if changed to 20 mg twice daily. Efficacy outcome measures were change in systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure and achievement of blood pressure control (<140/90 mm Hg). Of 90 patients included (45 per cohort), the mean age was 61.8 years and 17.8% were black. Once‐ and twice‐daily administrations were associated with blood pressure reductions of 6.2/1.5 mm Hg and 16.5/5.9 mm Hg, with a 10.2/4.3 mm Hg greater reduction with twice‐daily administration (systolic blood pressure, P=.016; diastolic blood pressure, P=.068). Twice‐daily lisinopril dosing was associated with greater systolic blood pressure reductions compared with the same total daily dose administered once daily.
Comparison of direct sequencing and Invader assay for Y93H mutation and response to interferon‐free therapy in hepatitis C virus genotype 1b
Authors: Hayashi Kazuhiko , Ishigami Masatoshi , Ishizu Yoji , Kuzuya Teiji , Honda Takashi , Kawashima Hiroki , Ishikawa Tetsuya , Tachi Yoshihiko , Hattori Masashi , Katano Yoshiaki , Goto Hidemi , Hirooka Yoshiki
Published: April 2017

Background and Aim

Virologic failure of interferon‐free therapy has been associated with Y93H mutation in the non‐structure 5A region in hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1b, and screening is recommended. A simple assay based on Q‐Invader technology was developed for Y93H mutant screening to reduce cost and effort. The present study sought to compare two methods of detection of Y93H mutation and to evaluate the effect of Y93H mutation on response to interferon‐free therapy.

Methods

Y93H mutation was examined in 258 patients with HCV genotype 1b using both direct sequencing analysis and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐Invader assay. Daclatasvir and asunaprevir or ledipasvir and sofosbuvir therapy was administered to 205 patients whose sustained virological responses (SVR) were checked.

Results

Hepatitis C virus was detected in 232 of 258 patients by direct sequencing and in 236 of 258 patients by the PCR‐Invader assay. Forty of 231 cases were defined as Y93 mutation by direct sequencing, and 46 of 236 cases were defined as Y93 mutation by the PCR‐Invader assay. SVR of patients who were Y93H by direct sequencing, Y93H by the PCR‐Invader assay, and Y93H by both methods was 62.5%, 82.4%, and 50%, respectively.

Conclusions

The sensitivity of the PCR‐Invader assay was similar to that of direct sequencing analysis; however, the PCR‐Invader assay had a better ability to detect minor strains. Combination of the two assays would improve prediction of the response to daclatasvir and asunaprevir, but Y93H mutation had little effect on SVR in ledipasvir and sofosbuvir therapy.
Herpes B virus replication and viral lesions in the liver of a cynomolgus macaque which died from severe disease with rapid onset
Authors: Pöhlmann Stefan , Suntz Michael , Akimkin Valerij , Bleyer Martina , Kaul Artur
Published: April 2017

Herpes B virus (BV, Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1) infects macaques asymptomatically, with rare exceptions, but can cause fatal encephalitis in humans. Here, we report disseminated BV infection in a cynomolgus macaque that had died within 12 hour after the onset of unspecific symptoms. Multifocal lesions surrounded by viral antigen were detected in liver while other organs remained inconspicuous, indicating that the liver is a major target. Moreover, high copy numbers of viral DNA were found in feces, underlining the excrements are a potential source of transmission.
Mitochondrial biogenesis and PGC‐1α gene expression in male broilers from ascites‐susceptible and ‐resistant lines
Authors: Khodambashi Emami N. , Golian A. , Danesh Mesgaran M. , Anthony N. B. , Rhoads D. D.
Published: April 2017

Ascites is a cardiovascular metabolic disease characterized by accumulation of fluid around the heart and in the abdominal cavity that eventually leads to death. This syndrome is the end‐point result of a series of metabolic incidents that are generally caused by impaired oxygen availability. Mitochondria are the major sites of oxygen consumption, therefore major contributors to oxidative stress. Genetic, metabolic and dietary factors can influence variations in mitochondrial biogenesis (mitochondrial size, number and mass) that might have an effect on oxygen consumption and reactive oxygen species production. This study evaluated the effect of genotype on PGC‐1α mRNA gene expression and mitochondrial biogenesis. These parameters were examined in male broiler chickens at 22 weeks of age from the SUS and RES lines divergently selected for ascites phenotype. From each line, five birds were sampled for right ventricle and breast muscle. Gene expression and mtDNA copy number were assessed by quantitative PCR. Results showed that birds from SUS had significantly higher PGC‐1α mRNA gene (p = .033) and mitochondrial DNA copy number (p = .038) in breast muscle. There was no difference in right ventricle PGC‐1α expression or mitochondrial DNA copy number between the two lines. These findings indicate that mitochondrial biogenesis and PGC‐1α mRNA gene expression differ between male broiler chickens from RES and SUS lines in a tissue‐specific manner.
Divergence between riparian seed banks and standing vegetation increases along successional trajectories
Authors: Bourgeois Bérenger , Boutin Céline , Vanasse Anne , Poulin Monique
Published: April 2017

Questions

Plant community resilience largely depends on the secondary succession induced by species re‐colonization from seed banks. Soil seed bank resilience is, however, poorly understood, especially in regularly disturbed habitats like riparian zones. Two questions were asked: (1) what are the changes in species diversity experienced by riparian soil seed banks along successional trajectories, and (2) to what extent do riparian soil seed banks promote vegetation resilience during secondary succession?

Location

Southeast Quebec, Canada.

Methods

Soils were collected along five rivers in field edges and riverbanks of post‐agricultural riparian zones with three contrasting successional stages (unplanted, planted with trees 15–17 yr prior to sampling, natural riparian forests), and their seed bank composition determined with the seedling emergence method. Species richness in seed banks was assessed along successional trajectories for distinct ecological groups, using LMM. The compositions of soil seed banks and standing vegetation (from botanical surveys) were compared based on NMDS and indicator species analysis.

Results

Seed bank species richness decreased along successional trajectories. Tree‐planted riparian zones were generally closer to unplanted riparian zones than to natural riparian forests, the latter being more species‐rich for natives, trees, shrubs and zoochores, and species‐poor for exotics, forbs and stress‐tolerators. Likewise, seed bank species composition of unplanted and tree‐planted riparian zones was similar but differed from that of natural riparian forests. Conversely, standing vegetation of tree‐planted riparian zones was intermediate between early and late successional stages, at least at field edges. For the three successional stages, seed bank composition clearly differed from standing vegetation.

Conclusions

The high resilience of riparian plant communities appeared poorly related to the dynamics of their soil seed banks. This species shift between seed banks and standing vegetation during secondary succession is likely due to periodic flooding, leading to the regular turnover of seeds. The resilience of riparian communities might thus be more influenced by spatial dispersal along rivers and across landscapes than by in situ temporal dispersal in soils.
Effects of an EP2 and EP3 Receptor Dual Agonist, ONO‐8055, on a Radical Hysterectomy‐Induced Underactive Bladder Model in Monkeys
Authors: MATSUYA Hidekazu , SEKIDO Noritoshi , KIDA Jun , MASHIMO Hiroko , WAKAMATSU Daisuke , OKADA Hiroki
Published: April 2017

Objectives

The objective was to develop an underactive bladder (UAB) model in primates and to evaluate the potential of prostanoid EP2 and EP3 receptor dual agonist ONO‐8055 to become a therapeutic agent for UAB.

Methods

A surgical procedure resembling radical hysterectomy was performed on female cynomolgus monkeys. Subsequently, in vitro muscle strip studies were performed using bladder muscle strips from normal monkeys and monkeys that underwent surgery. In addition, uroflowmetric data were obtained at specified days after the surgery. To evaluate the effects of ONO‐8055 and distigmine (DIS) on voiding function in the UAB monkey model, uroflowmetry was performed approximately 1 week after the surgery, before and after the cumulative intravenous administration of the compounds at 2 h intervals.

Results

In the bladder muscle strip studies, the responses to potassium chloride at 2 months, and carbachol and electrical field stimulation from 2 weeks decreased significantly. Voided volume (VV), maximum flow rate (Qmax), and average flow rate (Qave) decreased after surgery, while voiding time (VT) increased. In this model, ONO‐8055 and DIS significantly increased VV and Qmax. DIS prolonged VT, while ONO‐8055 had no effect. The results also showed that ONO‐8055 increased Qave.

Conclusions

We developed a neurogenic UAB model in primates. As ONO‐8055 improved voiding function in this model to at least the same degree as DIS, this EP2 and EP3 receptor dual agonist has the potential to be a candidate for neurogenic UAB pharmacotherapy.
Competent or Competitive? How Employee Representatives Gain Influence in Organizational Decision‐Making
Authors: García Ana Belén , Munduate Lourdes , Elgoibar Patricia , Wendt Hein , Euwema Martin
Published: April 2017

Conflicts of interest between management and employees are part of organizational life. To manage these conflicts, employee representatives (ERs) often participate in organizational decision‐making. The objectives of this article were to investigate the relation between perceived competences of ERs and their influence on organizational decision‐making in different types of issues, and the mediating effect of ERs’ conflict behaviors on these relations. To test the hypotheses, which are based on theories of power and conglomerate conflict behavior, survey data from 614 human resources directors from 11 European countries were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results show that perceived competences are positively related to the influence of ERs on decision‐making, both for traditional and for innovative issues. Perceived competence is positively related to cooperative and negatively related to competitive conflict behavior. Conglomerate conflict behavior partly mediates the relation between perceived competences and influence. Implications for representative influence are discussed.
Neonatal immune challenge followed by adult immune challenge induces epigenetic‐susceptibility to aggravated visceral hypersensitivity
Authors: Aguirre J. E. , Winston J. H. , Sarna S. K.
Published: April 2017

Background

Abdominal pain is one of the major symptoms of inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). The inflammatory mediators released by colon inflammation are known to sensitize the afferent neurons, which is one of the contributors to abdominal pain. However, not all IBD patients have abdominal pain, and some patients report abdominal pain during remission, suggesting contributions of other pathological factors to abdominal pain in IBD. Epidemiological studies found early‐life gastrointestinal infections a risk factor for IBD symptoms and adult‐life gastrointestinal infections may trigger the onset of IBD. We investigated the hypothesis that neonatal colon immune challenge followed by an adult colon immune challenge upregulates spinal cord BDNF that aggravates visceral sensitivity over and above that induced by adult colon immune challenge alone.

Methods

We induced neonatal and adult colon immune challenges by intraluminal administration of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid to the rat colon.

Key Results

We found that neonatal immune challenge triggers epigenetic programming that upregulates tyrosine hydroxylase in the locus ceruleus when these rats are subjected to an adult colon immune challenge. The upregulation of locus ceruleus tyrosine hydroxylase, upregulates norepinephrine in the cerebrospinal fluid that acts on adrenergic receptors to enhance pCREB binding to the cAMP response element, which recruits histone acetylene transferase (HAT) to the BDNF gene to enhance its transcription resulting in aggravated visceromotor response to colorectal distension. HAT and adrenergic receptor antagonists block the aggravation of visceral sensitivity.

Conclusion & Inferences

HAT and adrenergic receptor inhibitors may serve as alternates to opioids and NSAIDS in suppressing abdominal pain in IBD.
Simulation of commercial vs theoretically optimised contact lenses for presbyopia
Authors: Legras Richard , Rio David
Published: April 2017

Purpose

To compare theoretically optimised bifocal contact lens optical designs to commercially available optical designs for presbyopia.

Methods

Retinal images were simulated, using a numerical eye model, from ‐6 (i.e., near vision) to +2 D for each 0.25 D. Ten optical profiles were simulated. Four of them corresponded to commercial contact lenses (i.e., Acuvue Oasys for Presbyopia®, Air Optix Aqua Multifocal®, Purevision Multifocal® and Distance Biofinity Multifocal®). We also included six optimised profiles: (1) a combination of primary and secondary spherical aberration, (2) bifocal profiles with 2, 5 and 8 concentric zones, and (3) a combination of spherical aberrations with the 5 and 8 zones profiles. Twenty subjects scored the quality of vision of calculated images (i.e., three high‐contrast 0.40 logMAR letters) for each design and vergence with a five‐item continuous grading scale. They viewed these images through their best sphero‐cylindrical correction and a 3‐mm pupil to limit the impact of their aberrations. To quantify the ability of a bifocal optic to maintain a certain level of quality of vision, we calculated two criteria: (1) the area under the through‐focus quality of vision curve higher than 2 (i.e., limit between poor and fair quality of vision) normalised by the same area calculated on the naked eye's curve, and (2) the width of the curve at a level of 2 (i.e., depth‐of‐focus).

Results

Commercial contact lens profiles did not give an image quality and depth‐of‐focus as good as the theoretically optimised optical profiles. Based on these two criteria, the best bifocal profiles were those with 5 and 8 concentric zones. Important inter‐individual variations were observed for all profiles. We also observed that some subjects did not obtain any benefit with all the designs whereas others seemed to be satisfied whatever the optical profiles.

Conclusion

Our previously optimised designs with 5 and 8 zones gave the best benefit and depth‐of‐focus. As their image quality is better than commercially available designs, it would be interesting to prototype these designs and to test them in a clinical setting.
Eye retraction and rotation during Corvis ST ‘air puff’ intraocular pressure measurement and its quantitative analysis
Authors: Boszczyk Agnieszka , Kasprzak Henryk , Jóźwik Agnieszka
Published: April 2017

Purpose

The aim of this study was to analyse the indentation and deformation of the corneal surface, as well as eye retraction, which occur during air puff intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement.

Methods

A group of 10 subjects was examined using a non‐contact Corvis ST tonometer, which records image sequences of corneas deformed by an air puff. Obtained images were processed numerically in order to extract information about corneal deformation, indentation and eyeball retraction.

Results

The time dependency of the apex deformation/eye retraction ratio and the curve of dependency between apex indentation and eye retraction take characteristic shapes for individual subjects. It was noticed that the eye globes tend to rotate towards the nose in response to the air blast during measurement. This means that the eye globe not only displaces but also rotates during retraction. Some new parameters describing the shape of this curve are introduced. Our data show that intraocular pressure and amplitude of corneal indentation are inversely related (r8 = −0.83, P = 0.0029), but the correlation between intraocular pressure and amplitude of eye retraction is low and not significant (r8 = −0.24, P = 0.51).

Conclusions

The curves describing corneal behaviour during air puff tonometry were determined and show that the eye globe rotates towards the nose during measurement. In addition, eye retraction amplitudes may be related to elastic or viscoelastic properties of deeper structures in the eye or behind the eye and this should be further investigated. Many of the proposed new parameters present comparable or even higher repeatability than the standard parameters provided by the Corvis ST.
A Spatial Analysis of Florida County Governments' Unreserved General Fund Balances
Authors: Guo Hai (David) , Wang Wen
Published: April 2017

The most recent Great Recession brought our attention to the issue of fiscal sustainability of local governments. Local governments often rely on their general fund balances to deal with contingencies and economic downturns. Empirical research, however, produces mixed results and is inconclusive about what determines the size of local savings. No previous research on this topic has considered strategic interactions and the spatial relationship among local governments. Using a panel dataset of all the county governments in Florida from 2007 to 2011, this study examines the factors that affect the size of unreserved fund balances and empirically tests the spatial effects concerning local fund balance policies in Florida. Empirical findings indicate the importance of the spillover effects of a county's millage rate change and reliance on intergovernmental transfers. This research contributes to the literature by accounting for the spatial effects in local fund balance behavior.
Transmission of ideas about love: Filial piety, love attitudes, and romantic satisfaction
Authors: CHEN WEI‐WEN , WU CHIH‐WEN
Published: April 2017

This study examined the relations between filial piety, attitudes about romantic relationships (love attitudes), and satisfaction in romantic relationships in the Chinese cultural context. The following research questions were investigated: How are adult children's filial piety beliefs connected to their love attitudes, and how do these contribute to their satisfaction in romantic relationships? A total of 412 college students in Taiwan who were currently involved or had been involved in romantic relationships participated in the study. Structural equation modeling showed that filial piety contributes to satisfaction in romantic relationships through the mediating effects of love attitudes. The findings advance our understanding of filial piety and its implications for young adults' romantic relationships.
The contemptuous separation: Facial expressions of emotion and breakups in young adulthood
Authors: HESHMATI SAEIDEH , SBARRA DAVID A. , MASON ASHLEY E.
Published: April 2017

The importance of studying specific and expressed emotions after a stressful life event is well known, yet few studies have moved beyond assessing self‐reported emotional responses to a romantic breakup. This study examined associations between computer‐recognized facial expressions and self‐reported breakup‐related distress among recently separated college‐aged young adults (N= 135; 37 men) on four visits across 9 weeks. Participants' facial expressions were coded using the Computer Expression Recognition Toolbox while participants spoke about their breakups. Of the seven expressed emotions studied, only Contempt showed a unique association with breakup‐related distress over time. At baseline, greater Contempt was associated with less breakup‐related distress; however, over time, greater Contempt was associated with greater breakup‐related distress.
Tolerability of treatment with pirfenidone or nintedanib for pulmonary fibrosis in the real world
Authors: Ogura Takashi , Kitamura Hideya
Published: April 2017

See DOI: 10.1111/resp.13024
Older migrants in exile: the past holding hands with the present – a qualitative study
Authors: Nielsen Dorthe , Minet Lisbeth , Zeraiq Lina , Rasmussen Dlama Nggida , Sodemann Morten
Published: April 2017

The aim of this study was to explore the everyday life conditions experienced by older migrants and their reasons for specific age‐ and health‐related behaviour during the conduct of everyday life. The study comprised 16 qualitative interviews with migrants aged 56–96 years from Palestine, Lebanon, Iraq and Somalia. The three themes that emerged from the conditions, meanings and reasons analysis illustrated that the older persons were trapped in various ways –without language, in fragmented families and in an unfamiliar structure. We identified these themes as The importance of the life history, Lost in language barriers and Having a national sense of belonging. The main findings emphasise the vulnerability of older migrants in a resettlement country. With an unclear national identity and without the local language, older migrants struggle to develop a clear vision of their role in a minority community in a foreign country. Besides language skills and the need for interpreters, health professionals need to consider issues such as life history, traumas and national belonging when their usual approaches to managing health‐related topics have failed.
The Hadean–Archaean transition at 4 Ga: From magma trapping in the mantle to volcanic resurfacing of the Earth
Authors: Nédélec Anne , Monnereau Marc , Toplis Michael J.
Published: April 2017

The Hadean–Archaean transition is poorly known because of the dearth of Hadean rocks. A new conceptual model is presented based on variations in mantle potential temperature (Tp) with time. The critical issue is the depth of melting with respect to a negatively buoyant magma sink between 410 and 330 km (14–11 GPa). Hadean plume magmatism begins below the magma sink, leading to generation of a refractory upper mantle reservoir and the minor production of boninite‐like magmas near the surface. With cooling, the onset of melting migrates above the magma sink, a situation likely occurring since 3.9 Ga and corresponding to Tps of ~1870°C or less. Therefore, a burst of mafic to ultramafic volcanism was produced at 3.9–3.8 Ga. This extensive volcanism may have triggered gravitational instabilities and favoured the recycling of the Hadean crust into the mantle. Results of this model are discussed in the light of existing isotopic data.
Optimizing autologous nonmobilized mononuclear cell collections for cellular therapy in pediatric patients with high‐risk leukemia
Authors: Even‐Or Ehud , Di Mola Maria , Ali Muhammad , Courtney Sarah , McDougall Elizabeth , Alexander Sarah , Schechter Tal , Whitlock James A. , Licht Christoph , Krueger Joerg
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUND

The manufacturing of cellular products for immunotherapy, such as chimeric antigen receptor T cells, requires successful collection of mononuclear cells. Collections from children with high‐risk leukemia present a challenge, especially because the established COBE Spectra apheresis device is being replaced by the novel Spectra Optia device (Optia) in many institutions. Published experience for mononuclear cell collections in children with Optia is lacking. Our aim was to compare the two collection devices and describe modified settings on the Optia to optimize mononuclear cell collections.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

As a quality initiative, we retrospectively collected and compared data from mononuclear cell collections on both devices. Collected data included patient's clinical characteristics; collection parameters, including precollection lymphocyte/CD3 counts, total blood volumes processed, runtimes, and side effects (including complete blood count and electrolyte changes); and product characteristics, including volumes and cell counts. Collection efficiencies and collection ratios were calculated.

RESULTS

Twenty‐six mononuclear cell collections were performed on 20 pediatric patients: 11 with COBE and 15 with Optia. Adequate mononuclear cell products were successfully collected with a single procedure from all patients except one, with mean calculated mononuclear cell collection efficiency that was significantly higher from Optia collections compared with COBE collections (57.9 ± 4.6% vs 40.3 ± 6.2%, respectively; p = 0.04). CD3‐positive yields were comparable on both machines (p = 0.34) with significantly smaller blood volumes processed on Optia. Collected products had larger volumes on Optia. No significant side effects attributed to the procedure were noted.

CONCLUSION

Mononuclear cell apheresis using the Optia device in children is more efficient and is as safe as that with the COBE device.