bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Myxomycetes of the rotting cherry wood
Authors: Stojanowska Wanda
Published: September 2014

During the years 1974-1975 on rotting cherry wood development of some Myxomycetes was observed. In that time 6 species of slime molds were noted: Arcyria denudata, Comatricha typhoides, Dyctidium cancellatum, Lycogala epidendrum, Physarum cinereum, Stemonitis ferruginea. In the decomposition of organic compounds apart from Myxomycetes other organism (Coprinus dessiminafus) also take part.
Ultraweak luminescence from germinating resting spores of Entomophthora virulenta Hall et Dunn
Authors: Sławiński Janusz , Majchrowicz Irena , Grabikowski Edward
Published: September 2014

Germinating resting spores of Entomophthora virulenta Hall et Dunn emit ultraweak luminescence with the intensity of the order 100 photons • s-1 • cm-2 in the spectral region 200-750 nm. The emission kinetics and intensity depend on vitality and incubation temperature of the spores. The higher the ability of resting spores to germinate, the more intense the luminescence. Elevation of the incubation temperature to 50°C enhances ultraweak luminescence. The activation energy was found to be about 15 kJ • mol-1 and 5 kJ • mol-1 for nongerminating and germinating in 50% spores, respectively. The possibility of applying ultraweak luminescence as a simple assay for the spores vitality is discussed.
Fungi of Mt. Babia Góra
Authors: Bujakiewicz Anna
Published: September 2014

In that part of elaboration the results of mycosociological investigation in the forests of the upper montane forest zone and synthetic characteristic of participation of macromycetes in the all forests studied is presented. Rogularities and distinct connections have been found in the occurrence of macromycetes on the background of various forest associations, differences in exposure, orography, climate and changes induced by man.
Bioanalogues oj juvenile hormones and intestines mycoflora of some insects
Authors: Nespiak Andrzej , Zabża Andrzej , Kusiak Maria
Published: September 2014

The subject of this paper is the influence of JH bioanalogues on the mycoflora of intestines of three species of inscets: Dysdereus cinaulams, Pyrrhocoris apterus and Tenebrio molitor. The results are presented in tables.
Production of extracellular carbohydrases by mushrooms
Authors: Ghosh A. K. , Sengupta S.
Published: September 2014

Seven different mushrooms, in submerged culture, are capable of utilizing various polysaccharides, i.e., xylan, mannan, cellulose, dextran, inulin, added in the medium as sole source of carbon. But chitin was found to be not utilized by any of them. Xylan is commonly utilized by all the mushrooms tested. Inducible and constitutive types of hydrolytic enzymes for those polysaccharides have been identified in the fermented broth of the mushrooms. Xylanase was found to be a constitutive enzyme for most of the strains exceipt for Panaeolus papilionaceus (Bull. ex Fr.) Fr. for which it is inducible.
Fructification of Elaphomyces granulatus Fr. are food for boars
Authors: Genov Peter
Published: September 2014

In searching for food boars intensely furrowed an area of the forest soil 5-10 cm deep. There they mainly find fructifications of Elaphomyces granulatus which is one of the main components of the food they consume in winter.
A new record of Hyphochytrium catenoides from Poland
Authors: Hassan S. K.
Published: September 2014

The present paper contains the first Polish record of Hyphochytrium catenoides Karling. The fungus has been isolated on the snake skin baits from a pond water sample collected near Warsaw.
Mitochytridium regale sp. nov. a new keratinophilic water fungus from Poland
Authors: Hassan S. K.
Published: September 2014

A new species of Mitochytridium Dangeard — M. regale sp. nov. is described. The fungus has been obtained by baiting with snake skin a sample of the pond water collected from Łazienki Royal Garden in Warsaw, Poland. This new species differs from the type species of the genus (M. ramosum Dangeard) by the saprophytic behaviour, persistent zoospore case in the sporangial wall and some other minor differences.
Ryszard Kruszyński (1908-1940)
Authors: Majewski Tomasz
Published: September 2014

The biography of the author of several papers on the fungal parasites of plants in former North-Eastern Poland (at present Lithuanla), who worked in the Station for Plant Protection in Vilna.
Microscopic parasitic fungi of Chmielinne nature reserve
Authors: Danilkiewicz Maria
Published: September 2014

The microscopic parasitic fungi occurring in vegetal complex of Chmielinne nature reserve were investigate in the years 1976-1978. 85 species of fungi were gatherd on 71 specier of hosts. There are species among them which occur rarely in Polands flora: Plasmopara ribicola, Peronospora agrimoniae, P. bulbocapni and P. corydalis.
The possibilities to phenol degradation with some strains of Mucoraceae
Authors: Naspiak Andrzej , Krzyżanowska Jolanta , Siennicka Maria
Published: September 2014

The investigations included assays of phenol biodegradation possibilities of some strains of Mucoraceae. The phenol concentrations in media were 0.01, 0.001, 0.0001%. In this way we selected Circinella muscae and Mortierella isabellina strains which decomposed phenol with yield from 14,7 to 29,6%.
Hypoxylon terricola Miller a new species for Poland
Authors: Truszkowska Wanda , Dorenda Maria
Published: September 2014

Hypoxylon terricola Milter, known from a single collection in Michigan in USA and three sites in Southern France, has been found in Poland; isolated from the soil under Dactylis glomerata L. culture and from the dishwater of the roots of D. glomerata L. groving in the vicinity of the spruce (Picea abies) (L.) K a r s t mountainers forest.
Wood-inhabiting dematiaceous Hyphomycetes in the Kampinos National Park
Authors: Borowska A.
Published: September 2014

In this work the results of investigations of wood-inhabiting fungal communities in several forest associations arę presented. The populations of these fungi on the wood of Carpinus betulus, Quercus robur, Betula verrucosa, Tilia cordata and Pinus sylvestris are also analyzed.
Professor Andrzej Nespiak (1921-1981)
Authors: Majewski Tomasz
Published: September 2014

The biography of a professor of the Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Botany of the Medical Academy in Wrocław, who was formerly an investigator of the Agricultural Academy in Wrocław. He worked on mycorhiza, the participation of Macromycetes in forest communities and the use of fungi for synthesis of some organic compounds, he was also the author of the Polish flora of the genus Cortinarius (1975,1981) and Inocybe (manuscript).
Studies on fungi of the genus Typhula Fr. emend. Kant. found in the area of Olsztyn district.I
Authors: Dynowska Maria
Published: September 2014

The paper contains a description of five species of fungi of the genus Typhula: Typhula incarnata Lasch. ex Fr., T ishikariensis Imai, T. phacorrhiza Fr., T. sclerotioides(PeK.) Fr. and Typhula sp. found in the area of Olsztyn district. The identification of fungi was worked out on the basis of morphological and anatomical characteristics of sclerotia and fruitbodies.
Effect of dinitroorthocresol (DNOC) on physiology and morphology of soil fungi. II. Effect of DNOC on uptake of nitrate and contents of some N-organic fractions in the mycelium
Authors: Korniłłowicz Teresa
Published: September 2014

The purpose of the investigation was to study the influence of nitrophenol pesticide (DNOC) on nitrogen metabolism measured by growth reduction in the presence of low doses of DNOC. It was established that DNOC (5; 10 mcg/ml) increased the uptake of nitrates from the culture medium which was connected with an increase of the total content of low molecular weight nitrogen compounds and the amine fraction. In the presence of DNOC the quality and quantity of free amino acids was changed On the other hand low concentrations of DNOC decreased the amount of high molecular weight compounds of nitrogen in the mycelium.
Ability of some species of fungi of the Basidiomycetes class to degrade cellulose and lignocellulose substrates
Authors: Tagoński Zdzisław
Published: September 2014

Studies were carried-out on the ability of 18 strains of 15 white-rot and brown-rot basidiomycetons fungi to degrade wood components and to synthesize cellulolytic enzymes and laccase. 28,5% lignin and 26,1% carbohydrates of pine wood meal, 46,2% lignin and 67,8% carbohydrates of beech wood meal was degraded after 6 weeks incubation by the white-rot fungus Phanerochate chrysosporium. The highest activity of laccase was obtained in from fungi Coriotus zonatus and Fomes fomentarius.
Neuralgia pós-herpética: dois casos clínicos
Authors: Serrano Daniel , Valente Teresa Maya
Published: September 2014

A neuralgia pós-herpética (NPH) é a complicação mais frequente do herpes-zóster, caracterizando-se pela presença de dor tipo neuropática de distribuição dermatômica, após manifestação prévia de um quadro agudo de herpes-zóster, geralmente um mês depois do surgimento das vesículas. O objetivo do presente relato é apresentar dois casos clínicos de NPH e suas respostas a diferentes tratamentos. O primeiro caso apresentou intolerância à amitriptilina e uma boa resposta clínica à gabapentina na dosagem de 900 mg/dia. O segundo caso apresentou intolerância à capsaicina, mas apresentou boa resposta à combinação da pregabalina com lidocaína tópica. A gabapentina, a pregabalina e a lidocaína tópica são tratamentos eficazes para o tratamento da neuralgia pós-herpética. Todas essas recomendações vão ao encontro dos tratamentos utilizados pelos médicos de família nos dois casos apresentados neste estudo.
A experiência da Medicina de Família e Comunidade enquanto disciplina no curso de graduação em medicina
Authors: Ferreira Debora Carvalho , Almeida Leticia Arede , Souza Danillo Zeferino de Oliveira , Zanirati João Vitor Peixoto Leal
Published: September 2014

Este estudo relata a experiência de implantação da disciplina eletiva de Medicina de Família e Comunidade (MFC) no curso de graduação em medicina, na visão dos discentes da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Levando-se em conta a metodologia aplicada, verificou-se que os alunos consideraram os conteúdos práticos mais relevantes em comparação aos teóricos, o que pode ser atribuído ao fato de a prática permitir a crítica, a problematização e a resolução de situações cotidianas, sendo, além disso, um elo entre o jovem estudante de medicina e a realidade da prática médica. Diante da necessidade de aprimorar a abordagem integral à saúde dos indivíduos, considerando seus aspectos biopsicossociais, torna-se necessário que as alterações no currículo médico tenham como eixo norteador os princípios da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Nesse contexto, a Medicina de Família e Comunidade (MFC) é a especialidade chave para a APS, pois estimula a formação de médicos generalistas capacitados a oferecerem cuidado longitudinal e responderem às necessidades em saúde das pessoas.
Prevalência de hipertensão arterial sistêmica em idosos no Brasil entre 2006 e 2010
Authors: Mendes Gisele Soares , Moraes Clayton Franco , Gomes Lucy
Published: September 2014

Objetivo: observar a evolução da prevalência de hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) em idosos entre 2006 e 2010 no Brasil. Métodos: estudo descritivo, ecológico, quantitativo, de um período entre 2006 e 2010, com dados coletados do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS) relacionados ao sexo, região e escolaridade na faixa etária de 65 anos ou mais.  Resultados: na análise entre regiões brasileiras, não houve diferença significativa nos anos analisados. Na comparação entre os sexos, a prevalência de HAS acima de 65 anos nas mulheres foi maior que nos homens. Com relação ao nível de escolaridade, foi encontrado que a prevalência no ano de 2006 foi significativamente menor do que nos anos de 2008 e 2009 entre pessoas com 9 a 11 anos de educação formal. Entre as regiões, quanto menor o nível de escolaridade, maior a prevalência de hipertensão. Conclusão: a prevalência da HAS acima dos 65 anos não seguiu uma tendência linear, mas manteve-se elevada, com predomínio em idosos do sexo feminino e em idosos com baixa escolaridade, chamando a atenção para a necessidade de ações de prevenção dos fatores de risco e acompanhamento em longo prazo dos idosos hipertensos.
A Simple Technique for Procuring Liver Allografts While Protecting Arterial Vessels
Authors: Memeo Riccardo , Subar Daren , de'Angelis Nicola , Salloum Chady , Azoulay Daniel
Published: September 2014

Arterial injury remains a common complication during organ procurement, with negative effects on postoperative morbidity and graft survival. We describe a simple technique that helps surgeons avoid vascular injuries during isolated liver procurement (without pancreas). This simple technique has been used in 200 liver procurements without any arterial injuries.
Effect of Staff Migration on Kidney Transplant Activity in United Network for Organ Sharing Region 1 Transplant Centers
Authors: Saidi Reza F. , Khaksari Sahriar , Ko Dicken S. C.
Published: September 2014

Organ shortage is unquestionably the greatest challenge facing the field of transplantation today. Transplant centers are constantly competing with one another for limited numbers of organs for their recipients. Recruitment of specialized transplant surgical expertise and leadership is thought to enable a center to grow in volume and thus profitability in the increasingly difficult world of health care reimbursement. In this study, the pattern of kidney transplants at 13 different centers in the United Network for Organ Sharing's region 1 is examined: the comparison is between transplant volume before and after changes in the centers' leadership between 2000 and 2011. Each center's kidney transplant volume showed a significant increase after a leadership change that ultimately regressed to the center's baseline. This study is the first to show that behavioral changes in transplant center competition cause transient increases in transplant volume that quickly regress back to mean levels.
The Cost of Kidney Transplant over Time
Authors: Barnieh Lianne , Yilmaz Serdar , McLaughlin Kevin , Hemmelgarn Brenda R. , Klarenbach Scott , Manns Braden J. ,   for the Alberta Kidney Disease Network
Published: September 2014

Background

Kidney transplant improves quality of life and survival compared with dialysis. Despite advances in immunosuppressant regimens and the prevention and treatment of acute rejection, graft survival rates have not improved significantly in the past decade. Although the clinical effectiveness of these regimens has been studied, the impact of changes over time on cost has not.

Methods

Costs of kidney transplant were compared between 2 periods demarcated by a programmatic change from cyclosporine (early) to tacrolimus (late) and from nonroutine induction (early) to routine induction (late) therapy in adult patients receiving a first kidney-only transplant in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, in an 8-year period.

Results

Complete costs for 3 years after transplant was available for 344 patients, including 161 adult recipients in the early period (April 1, 1998-December 31, 2001) and 183 adult recipients in the late period (January 1, 2002-March 31, 2006). The mean total 3-year cost of transplant for recipients was Can$100 034 in the early period and Can$144 712 in the late period largely attributed to increases in the cost of immunosuppressants ( P < .001).

Conclusions

Given that the cost of transplant has increased significantly over time, the cost-effectiveness of these and other immunosuppressive regimens should be evaluated carefully.
Transition to Self-Management after Pediatric Heart Transplant
Authors: Meaux Julie B. , Green Angela , Nelson Mary Kathryn , Huett Amy , Boateng Beatrice , Pye Sherry , Schmid Barbara , Berg Alex , LaPorte Kelci , Riley Linda
Published: September 2014

Context

Little is known about adolescent transition to self-management after heart transplant. This gap in knowledge is critically important because the consequences of poor self-management are costly and life-threatening, often resulting in nonadherence, rejection, repeated hospitalizations, and poor quality of life.

Objective

To explore how adolescents and parents perceive their roles in self-management, and how adolescents integrate self-management into their daily lives and navigate the transition from parent-dominated to self-management.

Design

Qualitative descriptive design, using online focus groups.

Setting

Online focus groups using itracks, an online qualitative software program.

Participants

A purposive sample of 4 adolescents, 13 to 21 years old, who were at least 6 months posttransplant, and of 6 parents of adolescent heart transplant recipients.

Results

Several parallel themes emerged from the parent and adolescent online focus groups. Managing medications was the predominant theme for both parents and adolescents. For the remaining themes, parents and adolescents expressed similar ideas that were categorized into parallel themes, which included staying on top of things/becoming independent, letting them be normal/being normal, and worries and stressors.

Conclusions

The transition to self-management after heart transplant was a clear goal for both parents and adolescents. The transition is a shared responsibility between parents and adolescents with a gradual shift from parent-directed to self-management. The process of transition was not linear or smooth, and in several instances, parents described efforts to transfer responsibility to the adolescent only to take it back when complications arose. Additional research with a larger sample is needed in order to fully understand adolescent heart transplant recipients' transition to self-management.
Development and Testing of a Disease-Specific Health Literacy Measure in Kidney Transplant Patients
Authors: Kazley Abby Swanson , Jordan Jessica , Simpson Kit N. , Chavin Kenneth , Rodrigue Jim , Baliga Prabhakar
Published: September 2014

Context

Health literacy affects a patient's ability to navigate through the system of care for late-stage kidney disease, including evaluation, waiting, and recovering from kidney transplant.

Objectives

To develop and provide a preliminary evaluation of a knowledge and decision-making capacity tool, which is a component of health literacy.

Design

Cross-sectional design with purposive sampling.

Setting

Vascular access, dialysis, and outpatient transplant clinics.

Methods

A Decision-Making Capacity Assessment Tool (DMCAT) was developed and administered to 127 adults at different stages in the kidney care process.

Results

The DMCAT tool is positively and significantly correlated to the other 2 previously validated instruments and accounts for more variance than the other 2 tools in the regression models. We found significant differences in patients' health literacy and decision-making capacity related to their stage of care. Decision-making capacity appeared to be an important component of health literacy and should be considered as health care providers tailor care to meet patients' needs.
Living with a Heart Transplant: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Peyrovi Hamid , Raiesdana Nayyereh , Mehrdad Neda
Published: September 2014

Background

Heart transplantation is a relatively new medical treatment for end-stage heart failure. Many studies have addressed the outcomes and the complications and technical problems associated with heart transplants, but few have explored the whole clinical experience of being a heart transplant recipient.

Purpose

To understand and gain deeper insight into the lived experience of Iranian heart transplant recipients.

Methods

Interviews of 11 heart transplant recipients were analyzed according to phenomenological guidelines set forth by Diekelmann.

Results

Six major themes emerged from 29 subthemes, depicting the meaning of living with a transplanted heart. These themes include having a new life, living with new concerns, living with vigilance, paradoxical emotions, bearing others' behaviors, and the prominent role of God in life.

Conclusion

Heart transplant recipients in Iran experience a new life in which their faith in God helps them go through hardships and difficulties.
Visible, near‐infrared spectrometry for simultaneous assessment of geophysical sediment properties (water and grain size) using the Spectral Derivative–Modified Gaussian Model
Authors: Verpoorter C. , Carrère V. , Combe J.‐P.
Published: September 2014

The main objective of this study is to extract from reflectance spectra the geophysical properties of mudflat sediments such as water content and grain size. As mentioned in the literature, difficulties remain in separating the respective contributions of grain size and water on the reflectance continuum. This paper deals with the evaluation of a new methodological approach, the Spectral Derivative–Modified Gaussian Model (SD‐MGM) for establishing the relationship between the spectral features and the geophysical properties of sediments. The SD‐MGM enables the deconvolution of spectra into two main components: (1) Gaussian curves for the absorption bands and (2) a straight line in the wave number domain for the portion of the spectrum that represents continuum. While the retrieved Gaussian features are known to be reliable indicators of the composition, it is shown that the retrieved continuum can be used as a novel approach for determining grain size and water content. Based on regression analyses between the SD‐MGM spectral output parameters and the geophysical properties, a quantitative relationship between water content and the way in which the shape of the water band depth at 0.97 µm and 2.8 µm changes has been found during dehydration. It is shown that it is possible to separate three water types present in the sediment structure: saturated, free, and adsorbed waters with high coefficients of determination (r2) of 0.97, 0.98, and 0.94, respectively. The continuum is also revealed to be a useful water content indicator because it is less affected by atmospheric effects.
Cloud partitioning of isocyanic acid (HNCO) and evidence of secondary source of HNCO in ambient air
Authors: Zhao R. , Lee A. K. Y. , Wentzell J. J. B. , Mcdonald A. M. , Toom‐Sauntry D. , Leaitch W. R. , Modini R. L. , Corrigan A. L. , Russell L. M. , Noone K. J. , Schroder J. C. , Bertram A. K. , Hawkins L. N. , Abbatt J. P. D. , Liggio J.
Published: September 2014

Although isocyanic acid (HNCO) may cause a variety of health issues via protein carbamylation and has been proposed as a key compound in smoke‐related health issues, our understanding of the atmospheric sources and fate of this toxic compound is currently incomplete. To address these issues, a field study was conducted at Mount Soledad, La Jolla, CA, to investigate partitioning of HNCO to clouds and fogs using an Acetate Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer coupled to a ground‐based counterflow virtual impactor. The first field evidence of cloud partitioning of HNCO is presented, demonstrating that HNCO is dissolved in cloudwater more efficiently than expected based on the effective Henry's law solubility. The measurements also indicate evidence for a secondary, photochemical source of HNCO in ambient air at this site.
Topography of the 410 and 660 km discontinuities beneath the Korean Peninsula and southwestern Japan using teleseismic receiver functions
Authors: Lee Sang‐Hyun , Rhie Junkee , Park Yongcheol , Kim Kwang‐Hee
Published: September 2014

Topography of the 410 and 660 km seismic upper mantle discontinuities beneath the Korean Peninsula and southwestern Japan were determined using teleseismic receiver functions. P receiver functions were migrated from delayed times to corresponding piercing (conversion) points of P‐to‐S converted phases, using one‐dimensional (1‐D) and three‐dimensional (3‐D) models. Receiver functions were then stacked using Common Conversion Point (CCP) techniques, to enhance signal‐to‐noise ratios and thereby reduce uncertainty (noise). The 410 and 660 km discontinuities were clearly imaged, as positively valued amplitude peaks of CCP stacked receiver functions in the study area. Topographic variations were roughly consistent with the low temperature of the subducting Pacific Plate. However, the complex structure of the subducting Pacific Plate produced distinct changes of upper mantle discontinuities, which cannot be explained by temperature variations alone. Depression of the 410 km discontinuity, observed in a wide region extending from the Korean Peninsula to Kyushu Island, may be related to trench rollback history. Furthermore, the topography of the 660 km discontinuity varies significantly with latitude. At latitudes higher than 38°N, its depth remains unchanged, despite the presence of the stagnant slab, while significant depression has been observed at latitudes below 36°N. This may have been caused by differences in the angles of subduction of the Japan slab and the Izu‐Bonin slab. However, heterogeneity of the water content of slabs may also have contributed to this topographical difference.
Impact of Medication Withdrawal Method on Flare‐Free Survival in Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis on Combination Therapy
Authors: Chang Caroline Y. , Meyer Rika M. L. , Reiff Andreas O.
Published: September 2014

Objective

To determine whether order of medication withdrawal in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) taking methotrexate (MTX) and tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) combination therapy (CBT) affects flare‐free survival (FFS).

Methods

This retrospective observational study of 335 patients with polyarticular JIA or enthesitis‐related arthritis analyzed FFS off medications in 4 withdrawal arms: 1) TNFi plus MTX, off MTX first, 2) TNFi plus MTX, off TNFi first, 3) MTX monotherapy, or 4) TNFi monotherapy. Outcomes were evaluated based on order of medication withdrawal, clinical presentation, serologic parameters, and duration of clinically inactive disease (CID) while taking medications.

Results

Sixty‐four percent of all patients achieved CID. However, 89% of patients on CBT who withdrew TNFi first flared within 12 months despite continuing MTX, compared to 12% of those who withdrew MTX and continued TNFi (P < 0.0005). Twenty‐seven percent of patients discontinued all medications, but 63% flared within 12 months, and only 49% of these regained CID within 12 months of restarting therapy. Patients on MTX monotherapy had the best FFS after medication withdrawal. FFS was independent of disease subtype, rheumatoid factor status, initial erythrocyte sedimentation rate, initial joint count, corticosteroid exposure, time in CID, and method of medication discontinuation.

Conclusion

This study confirms that flare rates in JIA are high, and discontinuing medications is challenging. Withdrawal of TNFi from CBT first carries a significantly higher risk of disease flare than withdrawing MTX first. The high relapse rate after discontinuation of TNFi suggests that these medications may not modify the underlying disease process.
Purification of Carbon Nanotube Sheets
Authors: Lin Yi , Kim Jae‐Woo , Connell John W. , Lebrón‐Colón Marisabel , Siochi Emilie J.
Published: September 2014

Large volumes of carbon nanotube (CNT) sheets and yarns are required to enable practical applications such as structural reinforcements, electrical conductors, electromagnetic interference shielding, and energy storage. Although these macroscopic assemblages of CNTs are commercially available, reports on their handling and processing have been quite limited. In this article, we report a systematic study of the purification of commercially available CNT sheets produced directly from as‐grown nanotubes. These CNT sheets contain residual metal catalysts encapsulated in graphitic carbon nanoparticles known to contaminate common powdery pristine CNT materials. Although many purification methods effective for powdery CNTs are known, they cannot be directly applied to CNT sheets because these processes often involve sonication and/or reflux, which are too aggressive and deleterious to the integrity of the sheets. Therefore, alternative physically benign processes were chosen and evaluated in detail. Assessment of the purification method included characterization of parameters such as residual metal content, weight retention, and changes in the Raman D‐to‐G intensity ratio. Importantly, the purification methodology was also placed in the context of the targeted application as a structural reinforcement in advanced composites. In this application, the mechanical properties of the CNT sheets are crucial, thus specific strength and modulus were evaluated and compared for the purified CNT sheets and the nanocomposites produced therefrom. Several important processing parameters were identified that resulted in purified CNT sheets with not only low catalyst content but also reasonable retention of mechanical properties. In addition, the scalability of the purification method and a procedure to prevent CNT sheet wrinkling after purification were demonstrated. Assessment criteria of CNT sheet purification techniques toward other potential applications are also discussed.
Isolation of the Copper Redox Steps in the Standard Selective Catalytic Reduction on Cu‐SSZ‐13
Authors: Paolucci Christopher , Verma Anuj A. , Bates Shane A. , Kispersky Vincent F. , Miller Jeffrey T. , Gounder Rajamani , Delgass W. Nicholas , Ribeiro Fabio H. , Schneider William F.
Published: September 2014

Operando X‐ray absorption experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations are reported that elucidate the role of copper redox chemistry in the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO over Cu‐exchanged SSZ‐13. Catalysts prepared to contain only isolated, exchanged CuII ions evidence both CuII and CuI ions under standard SCR conditions at 473 K. Reactant cutoff experiments show that NO and NH3 together are necessary for CuII reduction to CuI. DFT calculations show that NO‐assisted NH3 dissociation is both energetically favorable and accounts for the observed CuII reduction. The calculations predict in situ generation of Brønsted sites proximal to CuI upon reduction, which we quantify in separate titration experiments. Both NO and O2 are necessary for oxidation of CuI to CuII, which DFT suggests to occur by a NO2 intermediate. Reaction of Cu‐bound NO2 with proximal NH4+ completes the catalytic cycle. N2 is produced in both reduction and oxidation half‐cycles.
Chiral Counteranion Strategy for Asymmetric Oxidative C(sp3)H/C(sp3)H Coupling: Enantioselective α‐Allylation of Aldehydes with Terminal Alkenes
Authors: Wang Pu‐Sheng , Lin Hua‐Chen , Zhai Yu‐Jia , Han Zhi‐Yong , Gong Liu‐Zhu
Published: September 2014

The first enantioselective α‐allylation of aldehydes with terminal alkenes has been realized by combining asymmetric counteranion catalysis and palladium‐catalyzed allylic CH activation. This method can tolerate a wide scope of α‐branched aromatic aldehydes and terminal alkenes, thus affording allylation products in high yields and with good to excellent levels of enantioselectivity. Importantly, the findings suggest a new strategy for the future creation of enantioselective CH/CH coupling reactions.
Discovery of Highly Selective Alkyne Semihydrogenation Catalysts Based on First‐Row Transition‐Metallated Porous Organic Polymers
Authors: Tanabe Kristine K. , Ferrandon Magali S. , Siladke Nathan A. , Kraft Steven J. , Zhang Guanghui , Niklas Jens , Poluektov Oleg G. , Lopykinski Susan J. , Bunel Emilio E. , Krause Theodore R. , Miller Jeffrey T. , Hock Adam S. , Nguyen SonBinh T.
Published: September 2014

Five different first‐row transition metal precursors (VIII, CrIII, MnII, CoII, NiII) were successfully incorporated into a catechol porous organic polymer (POP) and characterized using ATR‐IR and XAS analysis. The resulting metallated POPs were then evaluated for catalytic alkyne hydrogenation using high‐throughput screening techniques. All POPs were unexpectedly found to be active and selective catalysts for alkyne semihydrogenation. Three of the metallated POPs (V, Cr, Mn) are the first of their kind to be active single‐site hydrogenation catalysts. These results highlight the advantages of using a POP platform to develop new catalysts which are otherwise difficult to achieve through traditional heterogeneous and homogeneous routes.
Variable‐Structure Control with Complementarity‐Inputs for a Lean‐Burn IC Engine of a Series Hybrid Vehicle
Authors: Roqueiro N. , Fossas E. , Oliveira A.A. Martins , Puleston P.
Published: September 2014

This paper presents a robust controller for an internal combustion (IC) engine, as the first stage of a project to develop a hybrid light urban vehicle, running on ethanol in lean burn. In particular, this work focuses on the design of a sliding mode control for an IC engine of a series hybrid power train. The controller must allow for optimal speed regulation and high fuel efficiency. To attain the latter, a complementary operation mode is proposed for the system inputs. Simulation results are presented and discussed showing the viability and advantages of the control strategy employed.
Geographic analysis of individual and environmental risk factors for hypospadias births
Authors: Winston Jennifer J. , Meyer Robert E. , Emch Michael E.
Published: September 2014

Background

Hypospadias is a relatively common birth defect affecting the male urinary tract. We explored the etiology of hypospadias by examining its spatial distribution in North Carolina and the spatial clustering of residuals from individual and environmental risk factors.

Methods

We used data collected by the North Carolina Birth Defects Monitoring Program from 2003 to 2005 to estimate local Moran's I statistics to identify geographic clustering of overall and severe hypospadias, using 995 overall cases and 16,013 controls. We conducted logistic regression and local Moran's I statistics on standardized residuals to consider the contribution of individual variables (maternal age, maternal race/ethnicity, maternal education, smoking, parity, and diabetes) and environmental variables (block group land cover) to this clustering.

Results

Local Moran's I statistics indicated significant clustering of overall and severe hypospadias in eastern central North Carolina. Spatial clustering of hypospadias persisted when controlling for individual factors, but diminished somewhat when controlling for environmental factors. In adjusted models, maternal residence in a block group with more than 5% crop cover was associated with overall hypospadias (odds ratio = 1.22; 95% confidence interval = 1.04–1.43); that is living in a block group with greater than 5% crop cover was associated with a 22% increase in the odds of having a baby with hypospadias. Land cover was not associated with severe hypospadias.

Conclusion

This study illustrates the potential contribution of mapping in generating hypotheses about disease etiology. Results suggest that environmental factors including proximity to agriculture may play some role in the spatial distribution of hypospadias. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 100:887–894, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Credibility in the blogosphere: A study of measurement and influence of wine blogs as an information source
Authors: Cosenza Tracy Rickman , Solomon Michael R. , Kwon Wi‐suk
Published: September 2014

Uncovering what drives the consumer to action is of interest to academia and industry alike, and the advent of social media has added a confounding layer to the consumer decision process. In some ways, it has changed nothing, and in other ways, it has changed everything. Information is at the heart of decision making, and blogs offer a plethora. A positive evaluation of credibility (believability) will ultimately determine its usability for decision making. Using centered resonance analysis of wine blog writers and readers focus group data, this study attempts to address the full range of blog characteristics (subsequent scale items) that can be evaluated for credibility, anchoring them to the relevant research streams of media, website, and word of mouth. Structural equation modeling of viral blog and Twitter survey data is used to test the hypothesized scale with three dimensions—site, message, and source—for validity and also evaluate the credibility influence on behavioral intentions as mediated by trust. Evidence suggests that the author (source) is central to credibility evaluation. The data also support the influence of wine blog credibility perceptions on trust, which leads to following wine blog recommendations and continuing to participate with the wine blog. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatially Confined Functionalization of Transparent NiO Thin Films with a Luminescent (1,10‐Phenanthroline)tris(2‐thenoyltrifluoroacetonato)europium Monolayer
Authors: Smecca Emanuele , Tudisco Cristina , Giuffrida Antonino E. , Catalano Maria R. , Speghini Adolfo , Malandrino Graziella , Condorelli Guglielmo G.
Published: September 2014

Transparent MOCVD‐grown NiO films have been functionalized with the luminescent (1,10‐phenanthroline)tris(2‐thenoyltrifluoroacetonato)europium(III) complex [Eu(TTA)3phen] by combining sputter activation with a solution synthetic route. To introduce the Eu complex only on selected regions, some areas of the NiO surface were activated by Ar+ion sputtering and then functionalized with 3‐phosphonopropionic acid (CPPA) followed by the anchoring of Eu(TTA)3phen through a ligand‐exchange reaction between β‐diketonato ligands and the carboxylic groups of CPPA. The functionalized material was characterized by X‐ray photoelectron, UV/Vis and luminescence spectroscopy. XPS measurements indicated that CPPA prefunctionalization and, in turn, the Eu(TTA)3phen anchoring occurs only on the sputter‐activated region, while no anchoring takes place on the unactivated surface. The optical properties of the Eu(TTA)3phen–NiO system were evaluated by UV/Vis and luminescence spectroscopy.
Efficient Transfer of Chelating Amides into Different Types of Esters and Lactones
Authors: Jakob Uwe , Mundinger Stephan , Bannwarth Willi
Published: September 2014

We describe a general and versatile approach for the conversion of carboxylic acid amides into their corresponding esters despite the fact that the former are thermodynamically more stable. The transformations are mediated by the coordination of CuI by a chelating entity. The resulting weakening of the amide bond allows for nucleophilic attack by alcoholic hydroxyl functions. The principle is demonstrated for a wide variety of transformations, leading to different kinds of esters and lactones.
Sorghum‐based alcoholic beverage,Burukutu,perturbs the redox status of the liver of male rats
Authors: Ajiboye Taofeek O. , Iliasu Ganiyat A. , Ojewuyi Oluwayemisi B. , Abdulazeez Azeemat T. , Muhammed Aisha O. , Kolawole Fausat L.
Published: September 2014

The redox status of male rat liver following 28 days consumption ofBurukutuwas investigated. Twenty rats were randomized into four groups with five rats each.Burukutuconsumption at 0.78 g/kg alcohol produced no significant change in the activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). However, 3.71 and 7.43 g/kg dosages resulted in significant decrease in the activities ofALP,ALTandASTwith corresponding increase in serum. The activity of cytochrome P450(CYP 2E1) increased significantly in the liver of rats following consumption ofBurukutuat all doses investigated. The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glucose 6‐phosphate dehydrogenase decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in rats treat with 0.78 g/kg, 3.41 and 7.43 g/kgBurukutu. There was a significant increase in the level of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) with reduction in the levels of glutathione reduced (GSH) andGSH:GSSG. The levels of oxidative stress biomarkers, malondialdehyde, conjugated dienes, lipid hydroperoxides, protein carbonyl and percentageDNAfragmentation, increased significantly (P < 0.05). It is evident from the alterations in the activities of the hepatocellular enzymes, antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress biomarkers thatBurukutumediated its toxicity through the depletion of the antioxidant enzymes.
Development Through Dissent: Campus Activism as Civic Learning
Authors: Biddix J. Patrick
Published: September 2014

This chapter traces two decades of published research on learning outcomes related to campus activism and reports results from a speculative study considering civic outcomes from participation in campus political and war demonstrations.
BIRC6 promotes hepatocellular carcinogenesis: Interaction of BIRC6 with p53 facilitating p53 degradation
Authors: Tang Wenqing , Xue Ruyi , Weng Shuqiang , Wu Jian , Fang Ying , Wang Yi , Ji Lingling , Hu Tingting , Liu Taotao , Huang Xiaowu , Chen She , Shen Xizhong , Zhang Si , Dong Ling
Published: September 2014

The genes that encode inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) are frequently overexpressed in human cancers. However, the expression pattern and clinical significance of BIRC6, a member of IAPs, in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. Here we investigated the role of BIRC6 in hepatocellular carcinogenesis. We used immunoblot and immunochemical analyses to determine the levels of BIRC6 in 7 hepatoma cell lines and 160 HCC specimens. We evaluated the proognostic value of BIRC6 expression and its association with clinical parameters. A lentivirus‐mediated silencing method was used to knockdown BIRC6, and the biological consequences of BIRC6 silencing in three hepatoma cell lines were investigated in vitro and in vivo. We found that BIRC6 overexpression was significantly correlated with serum ALT level and HCC vascular invasion. Patients with positive BIRC6 expression in tumor tissue had a poor survival and a high rate of recurrence. BIRC6 knockdown remarkably suppressed cell proliferation, caused G1/S arrest and sensitized hepatoma cells to sorafenib‐induced apoptosis in hepatoma cells, which was partly reversed by RNA interference targeting p53. The mechanistic study revealed that BIRC6 interacted with p53 and facilitated its degradation. The in vivo study showed that BIRC6 knockdown inhibited xenograft tumor growth and increased the sensitivity of tumor cells to sorafenib in nude mice. Taken together, these findings demonstate that BIRC6 overexpression in HCC specimens is indicative of poor prognosis and that its interaction with p53 facilitates the degradation of p53, leading to carcinogenesis and an anti‐apoptotic status.
Germline polymorphisms and survival of lung adenocarcinoma patients: A genome‐wide study in two European patient series
Authors: Galvan Antonella , Colombo Francesca , Frullanti Elisa , Dassano Alice , Noci Sara , Wang Yufei , Eisen Timothy , Matakidou Athena , Tomasello Luisa , Vezzalini Marzia , Sorio Claudio , Dugo Matteo , Ambrogi Federico , Iacobucci Ilaria , Martinelli Giovanni , Incarbone Matteo , Alloisio Marco , Nosotti Mario , Tosi Davide , Santambrogio Luigi , Pelosi Giuseppe , Pastorino Ugo , Houlston Richard S. , Dragani Tommaso A.
Published: September 2014

In lung cancer, the survival of patients with the same clinical stage varies widely for unknown reasons. In this two‐phase study, we examined the hypothesis that germline variations influence the survival of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. First, we analyzed existing genotype and clinical data from 289 UK‐resident patients with lung adenocarcinoma, identifying 86 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that associated with survival (p < 0.01). We then genotyped these candidate SNPs in a validation series of 748 patients from Italy that resulted genetically compatible with the UK series based on principal component analysis. In a Cox proportional hazard model adjusted for age, sex and clinical stage, four SNPs were confirmed on the basis of their having a hazard ratio (HR) indicating the same direction of effect in the two series and p < 0.05. The strongest association was provided by rs2107561, an intronic SNP of PTPRG, protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, G; the C allele was associated with poorer survival in both patient series (pooled analysis logeHR = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.15–0.46, p = 8.5 × 10−5). PTPRG mRNA levels in 43 samples of lung adenocarcinoma were 40% of those observed in noninvolved lung tissue from the same patients. PTPRG overexpression significantly inhibited the clonogenicity of A549 lung carcinoma cells and the anchorage‐independent growth of the NCI‐H460 large cell lung cancer line. These four germline variants represent promising candidates that, with further study, may help predict clinical outcome. In addition, the PTPRG locus may have a role in tumor progression.
ATTACHMENT AND CAREGIVER–INFANT INTERACTION: A REVIEW OF OBSERVATIONAL‐ASSESSMENT TOOLS
Authors: Tryphonopoulos Panagiota D. , Letourneau Nicole , Ditommaso Enrico
Published: September 2014

The relationship between maternal–infant interaction and attachment quality to infant developmental outcomes has long been established. As children mature, problems stemming from troubled caregiver–infant relations may result in referral to mental health or child protection services. The accurate and appropriate assessment of attachment is critical for early recognition of problematic relations and for informing suitable treatment modalities. Evaluating the quality of attachment poses a challenge for researchers and clinicians seeking to explore the association between infant development and the quality of early caregiving experiences. Although providing a definitive answer to the question of which of these assessment procedures is the single universal standard for measuring attachment quantity is beyond the scope of this article, readers will be provided with a description and comparison of strengths and limitations of the most commonly used measures of attachment, including the Strange Situation Procedure (M.D.S. Ainsworth, M.C. Blehar, E. Waters, & S. Wall, 1978), Attachment Q‐Sort (E. Waters & K.E. Deane, 1985), Toddler Attachment Sort (TAS‐45; J. Kirkland, D. Bimler, A. Drawneek, M. McKim, & A. Scholmerich, 2004), CARE‐Index (P. Crittenden, 1985), Atypical Maternal Behavior Instrument for Assessment and Classification (AMBIANCE; E. Bronfman, E. Parsons, & K. Lyons‐Ruth, 1999), Massie–Campbell Scale of Mother–Infant Attachment Indicators During Stress Scale (Attachment During Stress Scale; H.N. Massie & B.K. Campbell, 1983), and the Risky Situation Procedure (D. Paquette & M. Bigras, 2010).
Multiliteracies Pedagogy
Authors: Hepple Erika , Sockhill Margaret , Tan Ashley , Alford Jennifer
Published: September 2014

In addressing literacy in high school education, it is important to foreground the particular issues faced by growing numbers of English Language Learners (ELLs). In our increasingly culturally and linguistically diverse classrooms, this is a matter for all literacy teachers, as well as ELL specialists. In Australia, teachers of ELLs are experimenting with Multiliteracies pedagogy which provides rich opportunities to explore language learning experiences and outcomes that stretch beyond exercises in reproduction in written and oral modes only. This paper documents the practice of a high school teacher who uses a claymation project, producing a movie by stop‐motion filming of clay figures, with a class of low‐level English literacy learners. Drawing on observations of three particular students, the paper outlines a number of possibilities of this approach for English language learners. These include increased individual agency; enhanced engagement through collaboration; and the opportunity to explore various elements of multimodal text design.