bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cobra venom factor abrogates passive humoral resistance to syphilitic infection in hamsters
Authors: Azadegan A A , Tabor D R , Schell R F , LeFrock J L
Published: January 2020

Cobra venom factor, an agent commonly used to deplete complement, lowered the resistance of hamsters to infection with Treponema pallidum subsp. endemicum , as shown by a more rapid development of cutaneous lesions in infected animals treated with cobra venom factor than in infected, untreated animals. Cobra venom factor also abrogated the passive transfer of resistance by injection of serum from syphilitic immune hamsters. These results indicate that complement influences the pathogenesis of treponemal infection.
Role of specific antibody in interaction of leptospires with human monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages
Authors: Wang B , Sullivan J A , Sullivan G W , Mandell G L
Published: January 2020

It has previously been shown that human neutrophils ingest and kill nonpathogenic Leptospira biflexa in the absence of serum but that pathogenic Leptospira interrogans is not ingested by neutrophils even in the presence of normal serum. We extended this study by examining the interactions of human monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages with pathogenic L. interrogans (serovar icterohaemorrhagiae) and evaluating the opsonizing effect of serotype-specific immune serum on the phagocytosis of pathogenic leptospires by monocytes and neutrophils. Leptospires were incubated with monocytes in pellets at 37 degrees C in 5% CO2. No ingestion or killing of pathogenic leptospires occurred when 10% normal serum was used. However, when the pathogenic leptospires were pretreated with serotype-specific immune serum, monocytes or neutrophils in pellets ingested 96% of the organisms and killed 94% of those ingested. Microscopic observations of the interaction confirmed that phagocytosis of the opsonized pathogenic leptospires by monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages, and neutrophils had occurred. The opsonizing effect of specific antibody may play an important role in the mechanism of host defense against leptospirosis.
Difference in susceptibility to gram-negative urinary tract infection between C3H/HeJ and C3H/HeN mice
Authors: Hagberg L , Hull R , Hull S , McGhee J R , Michalek S M , Svanborg Edén C
Published: January 2020

The difference in susceptibility to urinary tract infection between C3H/HeJ and C3H/HeN mice was tested for with gram-negative strains differing in lipopolysaccharide composition. Recently, impaired clearance of Escherichia coli from the kidney of C3H/HeJ compared to C3H/HeN mice was shown to be correlated with the LPS low responsiveness. In this study, a difference in clearance from the kidneys of C3H/HeJ and C3H/HeN mice was found only with lipopolysaccharide-containing bacteria. Gram-positive bacteria, e.g., Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Streptococcus agalactiae, were recovered in essentially equal numbers from the kidneys of mice of both strains. In contrast, of the lipopolysaccharide-containing strains used, all persisted in higher numbers in the kidneys of C3H/HeJ mice than in the kidneys of C3H/HeN mice. Variations in the O side chain did not eliminate this difference. E. coli Hu734 O75+K5+ and the rfb- mutant O75-K5+ remained in similar numbers in C3H/HeJ mice, although O75-K5+ was eliminated more rapidly in C3H/HeN mice. The core structure did not affect the differential persistence in the two mouse strains. The rfb mutants with R1-R4 cores were eliminated after 24 h from the C3H/HeN mice, but remained in significant numbers in the kidneys of C3H/HeJ mice. Even the Re mutant of Salmonella minnesota persisted in low numbers in C3H/HeJ mice. The relative bacterial recovery from either mouse strain was related to the overall virulence of the infecting bacterial strain, but the difference between C3H/HeJ and C3H/HeN mice was associated with responsiveness to parts of lipopolysaccharide common to the bacterial strains tested.
Macrophage activation and induction of macrophage cytotoxicity by purified polysaccharide fractions from the plant Echinacea purpurea
Authors: Stimpel M , Proksch A , Wagner H , Lohmann-Matthes M L
Published: January 2020

Purified polysaccharides (EPS) prepared from the plant Echinacea purpurea are shown to strongly activate macrophages. Macrophages activated with these substances develop pronounced extracellular cytotoxicity against tumor targets. The activation is brought about by EPS alone and is independent of any cooperative effect with lymphocytes. Also the production and secretion of oxygen radicals and interleukin 1 by macrophages is increased after activation with EPS. Cells of the macrophages lineage seem to be the main target for the action of these polysaccharides. EPS has no effect on T lymphocytes. B lymphocytes show a comparatively modest proliferation after incubation with E. purpurea EPS. Thus, these compounds, which are at least in tissue culture completely nontoxic, may be suited to activate in vivo cells of the macrophage system to cytotoxicity. They may therefore be of relevance in tumor and infectious systems.
D-Alanyl-substituted glycerol lipoteichoic acid in culture fluids of Streptococcus mutans strains GS-5 and BHT
Authors: Levine M , Movafagh B F
Published: January 2020

The content and D-alanyl ester complement of lipoteichoic acid from stationary-phase culture filtrates of Streptococcus mutans (strains BHT and GS-5; serotypes b and c) were determined chemically and serologically. A third less lipoteichoic acid was obtained from strain GS-5 than from strain BHT. This lipoteichoic acid had an increased mobility on immunoelectrophoresis after exposure overnight at pH 8 and a 10-fold greater content of alanine per mole of glycerol.
Aspectos da discussão hodierna internacional sobre a história e as origens dos contos de fadas literários
Authors: Ming André
Published: January 2020

A questão da autoria dos contos de fadas literários é complexa e a discussão acerca do tema dista da univocidade. Autores internacionais pouco explorados em artigos e trabalhos acadêmicos brasileiros sobre o tema, como Ruth Bottigheimer, Jack Zipes, Martus e Pabst põem em xeque o senso comum de que a autoria dessas narrativas seria essencialmente a “voz do povo” e apontam para uma autoria coletiva e, como denomina Pabst, dispersa ou distribuída para essas narrativas.
Uma beleza congelante: a morte e sexualidade em A Rainha da Neve, de Hans Christian Andersen e suas refigurações
Authors: Menna Ligia Regina Maximo Cavalari
Published: January 2020

A bela e congelante Rainha da Neve, do conto homônimo de Hans Christian Andersen (Snedronningen, The Snow Queen, 1844), adquire sobrevidas em outras narrativas, tanto literárias como audiovisuais, permanecendo ainda viva no imaginário contemporâneo. Esse conto andersiano, de tessitura complexa, construído no contexto do romantismo, entre o espiritualismo cristão e o maravilhoso pagão, constitui-se em uma narrativa de formação, um rito de passagem da infância para a vida adulta, do qual depreendemos tanto o prenúncio para a morte, como os primeiros contatos com sexualidade. Este artigo propõe-se a analisar as simbologias depreendidas dessa misteriosa personagem refletidas, ou não, em suas refigurações Jadis, a feiticeira branca de As Crônicas de Nárnia, de C. S. Lewis e Elsa, da animação Frozen: uma aventura congelante (Disney, 2013) com destaque para o protagonismo feminino.
O conto: Fábulas italianas e a memória
Authors: Rocha Helen Cristine Alves
Published: January 2020

Em Fábulas italianas (1990), Italo Calvino recolhe, seleciona e traduz vários contos dos vários dialetos italianos.  Assim, tendo em vista a relação de Italo Calvino com fábulas, contos e textos cuja fronteira entre a realidade e a imaginação é bastante tênue, temos como objetivo analisar a relação do conto com a memória, a partir dos estudos de Maurice Halbwachs (2006), Michael Pollak (1989), Jeanne Marie Gagnebin (2002), Michel Pêcheux (2007); dos estudos sobre contos de Andre Jolles (1976). Diante da importância assumida pela memória e pelos testemunhos orais como fontes de “verdade”, vemos a relação da memória com a fábula devido a esta ser uma narrativa que, inicialmente, foi extraída “da boca do povo” e, portanto, consideramos que o que as pessoas narravam era o que fazia parte de suas recordações, de seu passado e do grupo social ao qual pertenciam. Isto posto, vemos a relação do conto com a memória em virtude de seu caráter subjetivo, social e real-imaginário.
Os contos e a imaginação infantil
Authors: Polla Caue Cardoso
Published: January 2020

Tradução do ensaio "Los cuentos y la imaginación infantil" de Eliseo Diego.
Na Floresta: um passeio em quadrinhos pelas histórias dos irmãos Grimm
Authors: Bombonato Jessica Ribeiro
Published: January 2020

RESUMO (RESENHA):

PAZOS, Frederico; CABRERA, Pablo;  POWER PAOLA; ELINA, María; LINIERS ; DECUR. Na Floresta: Contos de Fadas dos Irmãos Grimm em Quadrinhos. Tradução: Sergio Molina. 1. ed. São Paulo: WMF Martins Fontes, 2019.
How Transdisciplinary is Design? An Analysis Using Citation Networks
Authors: Lewis Jonathan
Published: January 2020

This article reveals how citation networks can be used to understand and demonstrate the ways design serves to integrate other bodies of knowledge. Analysis focused on two corpuses of peer-reviewed journal articles, representing two bodies of knowledge. The first corpus consisted of 277 articles with the words “Design Thinking” in title. The second corpus contained 296 articles with the words “Network Science” in the title. Paper citation and document co-citation networks of individual and combined corpuses were analyzed. The overlap of paper citation networks was used to synthesize similarities, differences, and opportunities for further integration.
Politics of Participation in Design Research: Learning from Participatory Art
Authors: Knutz Eva , Markussen Thomas
Published: January 2020

In design research, critique has recently been voiced against the multiple ways the notion of participation is understood and practiced. Studies of performativity and performance art have been used to account for this methodological multiplicity. However, in this article, we argue that participation still has much to offer design research as a foundational concept, but that a more nuanced understanding is required. Further, we offer such an understanding by presenting three theories and methodologies from participatory art. The value of participatory art for design research will then be exemplified by a practice-based design research project exploring forms of patient democracy.
Meningeal Lymphatics: A Review and Future Directions From a Clinical Perspective
Authors: Hershenhouse Korri S , Shauly Orr , Gould Daniel J , Patel Ketan M
Published: January 2020

The recent discovery of lymphatic vessels in the meningeal layers calls into question the known mechanisms of fluid and macromolecule homeostasis and immunoregulation within the central nervous system. These meningeal lymphatic vessels and their potential role in the pathophysiology of neurological disease have become a rapidly expanding area of research, with the hopes that they may provide a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of many devastating conditions. This article reviews the current state of knowledge surrounding the anatomical structure of the vessels, their functions in fluid and solute transport and immune surveillance, as well as their studied developmental biology, relationship with the novel hypothesized “glymphatic” system, and implications in neurodegenerative disease in animal models. Furthermore, this review summarizes findings from the human studies conducted thus far regarding the presence, anatomy, and drainage patterns of meningeal lymphatic vessels and discusses, from a clinical perspective, advancements in both imaging technologies and interventional methodologies used to access ultrafine peripheral lymphatic vessels.
Traumatic Brain Injury and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Comorbid Consequences of War
Authors: Dieter John NI , Engel Scot D
Published: January 2020

Scientific literature is reviewed supporting a “consequence of war syndrome (CWS)” in Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation New Dawn soldiers. CWS constituents include chronic pain and insomnia, other physical complaints, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression, and neuropsychological deficits. The foundation of CWS lies with the chronic stressors inherent to deployment and the cascade of biological events mediated and maintained by hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation. Such dysregulation is modified by the individual’s specific experiences at war, difficulty reintegrating to post-deployment life, and the onset or exacerbation of the chronic and comorbid physical, emotional, and cognitive disorders. The circuit network between the prefrontal cortex (PFC), amygdala, and hippocampus is particularly sensitive to the consequences of war. The review’s specific conclusions are as follows: HPA axis dysregulation contributes to the chronic insomnia and hyperarousal seen in soldiers. There is considerable symptom overlap between PTSD and blast-related head injury, and it is difficult to determine the relative contributions of the two disorders to abnormal imaging studies. In some cases, traumatic brain injury (TBI) may directly precipitate PTSD symptoms. While not intuitive, the relationship between TBI and postconcussion syndrome appears indirect and mediated through PTSD. Blast-related or conventional head injury may have little long-term impact on neuropsychological functioning; contrarily, PTSD particularly accounts for current cognitive deficits. The psychological experience of CWS includes a “war-within” where soldiers continue to battle an internalized enemy. Successful treatment of CWS entails transdisciplinary care that addresses each of the constituent disorders.
Estimation of Carbon Dioxide from Transportation Sector Based on Urban Data Availability
Authors: Assomadi Abdu Fadli , Boedisantoso Rachmat , Slamet Agus , Syafei Arie Dipareza , Hermana Joni
Published: January 2020

One source of potential carbon dioxides in most developing countries is the transportation sector. The calculation of carbon dioxides is therefore, important as a part of policy making on carbon management in the region. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) calculation method which were often used require large and complete data. This is a problematic for developing countries due to the availability of data are not in accordance or sufficient with the IPCC method. This study examined the alternative calculation methods that are tailored to the available data in most developing countries. Two alternative methods are proposed for calculating carbon dioxide emissions; the first method is based on data of the number and types of vehicles, and the second method is based on the data and the length of the road class. The results show that both alternative methods are reliable to estimate specific emission factor (SEF) and emission estimates that are close to the IPCC calculation methods. The alternative of second method provides results that are closer to the IPCC calculation method with the correlation value of 0.997 and the standard error of 2.8 ton CO2/years, as compared to the results of alternative first method (correlation value of 0.990 and the standard error of 4.7 ton CO2/years).
Application of Multi Linear Model for Forecasting Municipal Solid Waste Generation in Lucknow City: A Case Study
Authors: Verma Apoorv , Kumar Alok , Singh N. B.
Published: January 2020

The objective of this study is to forecast the Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) quantity output in Lucknow city by 2025, establishing a relationship between various socio-economic variables and waste generated using Multiple Linear Regression Analysis (MLRA). It is found that the rate of generation of MSW in Lucknow increases after 1383 M ton d-1 in the year 2015 to 2075 M ton d-1 in the year 2025 and per capita waste increases after 0.465 kg capita-1 day-1 in 2015 to 0.616 kg capita-1 day-1 in 2025 respectively. The outcomes of the research are reliable to ascertain waste generation quantities in future, a pool of factors pivotal in the prevalent composition of the waste and a feasible way ahead towards a proper MSW management system as per the varying composition of solid wastes. The statistics provided in this paper is very useful for proper arrangement and executing the best waste management system in Lucknow City to avoid system failures.
The Water Footprint Assessment of Agriculture in Banjar River Watershed
Authors: Rao J Himanshu , Hardaha Mahesh Kumar , Vora Hardikkumar Mansukhbhai
Published: January 2020

The water footprint (WF) is a spatially explicit character of water use in terms of consumption or pollution for producing a product, commodity or service. The WF of a crop may be defined as the amount of water required for producing the crop over the complete growing season. The present study was carried out to assess the WF of agriculture in Banjar river watershed (BRW) over the period 2000 - 2013. The WF of crops were evaluated and their further multiplication with production (ton/yr) in the watershed yielded the water footprint of crop production (WFCP) in Banjar river watershed whose further summation gave WF of agriculture in BRW. The findings depicted that the water footprint of rice was maximum (7848 m3/ton) followed by gram (5782 m3/ton) and wheat (5417 m3/ton). The crop with least WF was maize (2886 m3/ton). These values of WF are much higher than the national average WF for different crops grown in India. Lower crop yields due to improper irrigation practices, low fertilizer application rates and improper on farm water management practices are the primary reasons of such high values of WF of crops in BRW. The water footprint of agriculture in BRW was 690.37 million m3/yr with 59.74 % WFgreen, 39.69 % WFblue and 0.56 % WF grey. Rice was having maximum share in water footprint of agriculture in BRW with 87.38 % of total water footprint followed by gram (4.97 %), wheat (4.33 %) and maize (1.31%).
Expert witnesses, contempt of court and custodial sentencing
Authors: Todd NV
Published: January 2020

A look at a recent Court of Appeal case, and what this means for expert witnesses in future.
Rosy retrospection – is it time to hit the panic button?
Authors: Sanders David
Published: January 2020

David Sanders contemplates if a medical career is what it used to be.
A national survey of medical student career ambitions
Authors: Cutting J , Adil Salim Elbakri S , Adams HL , Jaunoo S
Published: January 2020

How big is our recruitment problem?
Slop and the new little tutees
Authors: Slop Mr
Published: January 2020

Mr Slop ponders what advice to bestow upon the next generation of medics.
Are we lost in translation?
Authors: Hasan Aliya , Harley Kathryn
Published: January 2020

Ensuring that information is conveyed clearly and accurately to non-English-speaking hospital patients is vital. As technology develops, how might this impact the future of translation in the NHS?
The quality of undergraduate crown and bridge impressions: a three-cycle audit
Authors: Puryer James , Pais Zoe , Pua Alison , Manikam Sonia , Houri Leanne , Anderson Katherine
Published: January 2020

Are dental students learning to produce impressions and communicate with dental technicians effectively?
Medicine and money
Authors: Simmons Gerald
Published: January 2020

What does the future hold for the US’ healthcare system?
Policy spotlight
Authors: Davies John
Published: January 2020

This regular feature aims to provide key political news in relation to dentistry and an update of the Faculty’s policy activities. You can find out more in the Government Relations and Media Centre sections of the FDS website.
Reversible optical binding force in a plasmonic heterodimer under radially polarized beam illumination
Authors: Xiao Fajun , Zhang Jiachen , Yu Weixing , Zhu Weiren , Mei Ting , Premaratne Malin , Zhao Jianlin
Published: January 2020

We investigated the optical binding force in a plasmonic heterodimer structure consisting of two nano-disks. It is found that when illuminated by a tightly focused radially polarized beam (RPB), the plasmon modes of the two nano-disks are strongly hybridized, forming bonding/antibonding modes. An interesting observation of this setup is that the direction of the optical binding force can be controlled by changing the wavelength of illumination, the location of the dimer, the diameter of the nano-disks, and the dimer gap size. Further analysis yields that the inhomogeneous polarization state of RPB can be utilized to readily control the bonding type of plasmon modes and distribute the underlying local field confined in the gap (the periphery) of the dimer, leading to a positive (negative) optical binding force. Our findings provide a clear strategy to engineer optical binding forces via changes in device geometry and its illumination profile. Thus, we envision a significant role for our device in emerging nanophotonics structures.
Gender and nursing in Portugal: The focus on men's double status of dominant and dominated1
Authors: Santos Maria Helena , Amâncio Lígia
Published: January 2020

This article presents a study that sought to identify the gender dynamics prevailing in a health-related context of tokenism – nursing – in which the members of a dominant group in society – men – are proportionally scarce. Specifically, this study aimed to consider how men experience their integration into a feminized profession. Furthermore, the individual experiences and professional dynamics were placed in perspective with the results of other studies focusing on male populations in high-status professions, in particular medicine, to analyse the intersectionality of status and power. This study involved individual, semi-structured interviews with twelve male nurses, aged between 40 and 58 years, from across the six existing nursing specialties in Portugal. Analysis of the results, obtained through the Alceste software and thematic study carried out according to the social constructionist perspective in gender studies, indicates that tokenism dynamics interweave a double power asymmetry: the professional asymmetry between male doctors and male nurses, and the gender symbolic asymmetry between men and women. In the nursing profession, this double asymmetry proves beneficial to male nurses.
What Causes Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders? A Proposed Disease Model
Authors: Talley Nicholas J.
Published: January 2020

Chronic unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms impact more than 1 in 5 Americans and their families; these disorders include the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional dyspepsia (FD), currently classified by Rome IV as functional gastrointestinal disorders. By definition, IBS and FD have no established pathology, but emerging evidence suggests this paradigm may need revision. Immune activation and, in subsets, subtle intestinal pathology have been identified in FD (most notably, postprandial distress syndrome) and IBS-diarrhea. A disease model is proposed that accounts for all of the intestinal and extraintestinal symptoms, relationship to food and infection, and the overlap with gastroesophageal reflux disease. It is speculated that antigen presentation to the mucosa (e.g., microbial antigens or food proteins after acute gastroenteritis) induces, in a genetically primed host, immune activation of the intestine with low-grade intestinal inflammation and subsequently neuronal structural and functional alterations, producing regional intestinal hypersensitivity and motor dysfunction. Immune activation may explain the female predominance and fluctuations in immune activity for symptom variability over time. In the future, as further evidence accumulates, the management paradigm may potentially shift to objective pathology-based subtyping based on serological, microbiological, and clinical assessments to identify when targeted therapies should be deployed in subsets. Potential targeted interventions may include therapies to dampen down immune activation or block release of key mediators such as histamine, specific microbial targeted treatments that may reverse disease, and dietary advice to eliminate relevant food antigens after objectivein vivotesting. Only by identifying causation can we eventually anticipate cure, and as the true pathology unravels in subsets, this may become a reality.
ACG Clinical Guideline: Disorders of the Hepatic and Mesenteric Circulation
Authors: Simonetto Douglas A. , Singal Ashwani K. , Garcia-Tsao Guadalupe , Caldwell Stephen H. , Ahn Joseph , Kamath Patrick S.
Published: January 2020

Disorders of the mesenteric, portal, and hepatic veins and mesenteric and hepatic arteries have important clinical consequences and may lead to acute liver failure, chronic liver disease, noncirrhotic portal hypertension, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although literature in the field of vascular liver disorders is scant, these disorders are common in clinical practice, and general practitioners, gastroenterologists, and hepatologists may benefit from expert guidance and recommendations for management of these conditions. These guidelines represent the official practice recommendations of the American College of Gastroenterology. Key concept statements based on author expert opinion and review of literature and specific recommendations based on PICO/GRADE analysis have been developed to aid in the management of vascular liver disorders. These recommendations and guidelines should be tailored to individual patients and circumstances in routine clinical practice.
Longitudinal Trends in the Direct Costs and Health Care Utilization Ascribable to Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the Biologic Era: Results From a Canadian Population–Based Analysis
Authors: Targownik Laura E. , Kaplan Gilaad G. , Witt Julia , Bernstein Charles N. , Singh Harminder , Tennakoon Aruni , Aviña Zubieta Antonio , Coward Stephanie B. , Jones Jennifer , Kuenzig M. Ellen , Murthy Sanjay K. , Nguyen Geoffrey C. , Peña-Sánchez Juan Nicolás , Benchimol Eric I
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVES:

The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing. The total direct costs of IBD have not been assessed on a population-wide level in the era of biologic therapy.

DESIGN:

We identified all persons with IBD in Manitoba between 2005 and 2015, with each matched to 10 controls on age, sex, and area of residence. We enumerated all hospitalizations, outpatient visits and prescription medications including biologics, and their associated direct costs. Total and per capita annual IBD-attributable costs and health care utilization (HCU) were determined by taking the difference between the costs/HCU accrued by an IBD case and their controls. Generalized linear modeling was used to evaluate trends in direct costs and Poisson regression for trends in HCU.

RESULTS:

The number of people with IBD in Manitoba increased from 6,323 to 7,603 between 2005 and 2015. The total per capita annual costs attributable to IBD rose from $3,354 in 2005 to $7,801 in 2015, primarily driven by an increase in per capita annual anti-tumor necrosis factor costs, which rose from $181 in 2005 to $5,270 in 2015. There was a significant decline in inpatient costs for CD ($99 ± 25/yr. P < 0.0001), but not for ulcerative colitis ($8 increase ±$18/yr, P = 0.63).

DISCUSSION:

The direct health care costs attributable to IBD have more than doubled over the 10 years between 2005 and 2015, driven mostly by increasing expenditures on biological medications. IBD-attributable hospitalization costs have declined modestly over time for persons with CD, although no change was seen for patients with ulcerative colitis.
Characterizing the Development of Colonoscopy Competence Using Assessment Data
Authors: Jeyalingam Thurarshen , Walsh Catharine M.
Published: January 2020

Assessment of endoscopist competence is an increasingly important component of colonoscopy quality assurance. In this study from the Joint Advisory Group on Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, validity evidence is provided for the use of the Direct Observation of Procedural Skills assessment tool in the formative setting during training. In this national UK dataset, overall colonoscopy competence was typically achieved after 200–249 procedures, although certain complex procedural skills (“proactive problem solving” and “loop management”) had not reached the threshold for competence even after 300 procedures. These data will help inform the development and/or refinement of certification policies and practices in jurisdictions around the world.
La condición de escritora–traductora: Victoria Ocampo bajo el signo del drama americano
Authors: Vázquez María Celia
Published: January 2020

Si, como quiere Antoine Berman, la reconstrucción biográfica de los traductores permite iluminar, entre otras cuestiones, la relación que estos mantienen con la escritura, la lengua materna y las otras lenguas, en el caso particular de la autobiografía de Victoria Ocampo los vínculos entre el español, el francés y el inglés se presentan bajo el signo de un drama que ella define como americano. La imagen del drama americano se refiere el desacomodo que siente en tanto escritora esta cosmopolita sudamericana que vivió entre lenguas y que aprendió a leer y escribir en francés e inglés antes que en su lengua natal. A partir de los «trastornos de identidad» que, según Derrida, pueden rastrearse a través de fenómenos tales como la «pertenencia o no pertenencia de la lengua» y la «afiliación a la lengua» analizo la traducción, entendida en un sentido más metafórico que literal, en el contexto de la propia escritura de Ocampo. Específicamente me interesa la figura de escritora —traductora porque me permite explorar esa condición doble y reversible que se plantea en concomitancia con la problemática de la «dualidad de idiomas».
Dossier 2: Comunidades. Presentación: La comunidad del archivo
Authors: Goldchluk Graciela
Published: January 2020

Este artículo presenta el dossier Comunidades, que pretende mostrar una conversación largamente sostenida a lo largo de los últimos quince años, no en su temática sino en la manera de conformar lo que hemos dado en llamar, siguiendo a Raúl Antelo, una comunidad infraleve. La inquietud de ponerlo por escrito tiene que ver con formas de resistencia que desarrollamos en las Universidades frente a lo que fueron los últimos años de preponderancia del neoliberalismo y sus imperceptibles pero contundentes consecuencias en nuestros ámbitos de creación e investigación. El dossier se abre con un artículo que reflexiona sobre los modos de pensar y hacer archivo, y se cierra con la entrada Comunidad, del Indicionario do contemporáneo, escrito en forma colectiva, cedido para este dossier de manera solidaria y traducido por una investigadora que dio su tiempo y su saber, porque estas son las cosas que hacemos.
Sobre: La garra suave. Representaciones de Miguel Hernández como escritor popular, de Sabrina Riva. Salamanca: Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, 2017.
Authors: Bernardi María Belén
Published: January 2020

Sobre: La garra suave. Representaciones de Miguel Hernández como escritor popular, de Sabrina Riva. Salamanca: Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, 2017.
Sobre: Esto fui (memorias de la infancia), de Juan Filloy, con Apostillas de Candelaria de Olmos, Río Cuarto: UniRío Editora, 2019.
Authors: Dema Pablo
Published: January 2020

Sobre: Esto fui (memorias de la infancia), de Juan Filloy, con Apostillas de Candelaria de Olmos, Río Cuarto: UniRío Editora, 2019. Pablo Dema.
The Wisdom of a Socialist Defector
Authors: Targ Harry R.
Published: January 2020

Victor Grossman's A Socialist Defector: From Harvard to Karl-Marx-Allee is at once an exciting adventure story, an engaging autobiography of a radical opponent of U.S. imperialism, and a clear-headed assessment of the successes and failures of the German Democratic Republic (GDR, East Germany) at the onset of the Cold War until 1990, when its citizens voted to merge with the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG, West Germany). Most poignantly, Grossman compares the benefits workers gained in the GDR, the FRG, and even the United States during the Cold War.
Synthesis of high surface area mesoporous silica SBA-15 by adjusting hydrothermal treatment time and the amount of polyvinyl alcohol
Authors: Thahir Ridhawati , Wahab Abdul Wahid , Nafie Nursiah La , Raya Indah
Published: January 2020

The high surface area of mesoporous silica SBA-15 has been synthesized successfully by hydrothermal treatment with direct addition of PVA, triblock copolymer (P123) as a direct structure agent and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as a precursor. The mesoporous silica SBA-15 have been characterized with nitrogen physisorption, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction. Measurement of nitrogen sorption indicated that with the addition of PVA, the surface area is increased but the pore volume and pore diameter is not significantly. The short time of hydrothermal treatment (20 h) and using x-ray diffraction, showed that the morphological structure of silica SBA-15 can be changed to a orthorhombic crystal system. The result of the FTIR and SEM-EDX characteristic indicated the functional groups and morphology of the SBA-15 with a narrow pore size distribution. The BET method has exhibited the largest surface area 1726 m2/g, pore volume 1.4 cm3/g, and pore diameter 3.2 nm. It can be suggested that the silica mesoporous SBA-15 will have potential application prospect in catalysis, storage, and adsorbent.
A dinuclear Eu(III) complex in the crystal structure of dodecaaqua-bis(μ2-4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)benzoato-κ2
O:O′) bis(5-(4-carboxylatophenyl)tetrazol-1-ide) tetrahydrate, C32H50Eu2N16O24
Authors: Zhu Min , Song Wen-Qi , Miao Zong-Cheng
Published: January 2020

C32H50Eu2N16O24, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 7.685(5) Å, b = 13.482(5) Å, c = 23.240(5) Å, β = 93.578(5)°, V = 2403.2(19) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0235, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0577, T = 293 K.
The Innovation Perspective of the Acquirers: Empirical Evidence Regarding Patent-Driven M&As
Authors: Aevoae George Marian , Dicu Roxana , Mardiros Daniela
Published: January 2020

Economic entities get involved in mergers and acquisitions (M&As) because they are interested in external growth strategies which can lead to an increase in the wealth of the shareholders of the participating entities. In M&As, from an acquirer or a target’s perspective, a company brings its resources, which can be material or immaterial (knowledge). In the post-M&A phase, through the integration process the shareholders expect synergy gains, or that the combined firms to report efficiency gains higher than if they would activate separately. In nowadays, in a boundaryless economy, one of the most appreciated resources is knowledge. In this respect, the intangible assets, in general, and patents, in particular, are the accounting representation of knowledge in a company. They are also considered to be predictors for the deal value paid to the target company. To those we add the size of the target company, its core activity and the value of the research and development expenses, the latter being a significant mediator variable for the proposed models.
Is the Religious Orientation A Determinant of the Entrepreneurial Intentions? A Study on the Romanian Students
Authors: Popescu Cristian C. , Maxim Andrei , Maxim Laura Diaconu
Published: January 2020

The specialized literature offers relevant support for the idea that the entrepreneurship and the private initiative represent the foundation of the economic growth. Despite this evidence, there are a lot of debates regarding the influence of the different religious orientations on the intention to become an entrepreneur. The purpose of the present paper is to analyze the impact that religion has on the entrepreneurial intentions of the Romanian students. To achieve this objective, the research methods consisted in an extensive investigation of the specialized literature and in empirical research, conducted on a sample of 682 Romanian students. Our results underline that the young Orthodox individuals are more optimistic regarding their future ability to develop businesses than the Roman-Catholics. Yet, this optimism has not been proven by the assessment of their personality traits, which may be very important for the business success.
Definition of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise under the Guidelines of the European Union
Authors: Raczyńska Monika
Published: January 2020

Research problem: It should be remembered that projects co-financed from European Union funds are a special type of projects to which additional guidelines apply. Awareness of the regulation may help enterprises avoid erroneous categorization or loss of SME status resulting in non-awarding or reimbursement of subsidies with tax interest. The problem is still valid, because EU projects are and will be implemented and must preserve the so-called durability. The validity of the topic can be confirmed by the fact that definitional problems appear all the time, which are even dealt with in court.

Thesis: The definition of micro, small and medium enterprises under the European Union guidelines requires special attention when applying for EU funding.

The aim of the article is to present the issues related to the qualification of an entity to the category of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises in the context of using EU funds.

The research methods were applied in the article: in the theoretical part – literature studies, comparative analysis, in the empirical part – case study, causal and effect analysis, descriptive analysis.
Comparison between two methods of variable resistance training on body composition, muscular strength and functional capacity among untrained males
Authors: Kashiani Amir Bahram , Kim Geok Soh
Published: January 2020

Several studies have shown a positive association between variable resistance training and improvement of muscular performance. However, the effect of variable resistance training to improve body composition in untrained individuals remains unclear. The objective of this research was to examine the comparison of 12 weeks combined weight and chain versus combined weight and elastic band variable resistance training on body composition among untrained male adults. Fifty healthy untrained males (age: 21.5 ± 1.95 years) were randomly selected and assigned into three groups: combined weight and chain (WC), combined weight and elastic band (WE), and free-weight (CG). All groups trained with 3 sets of 8 - 12 repetitions with 70% to 80% of 1RM for 2 days per week. Approximately 65% of the resistance was provided by free-weights and 35% of the resistance was provided by chains and elastic bands for the WC and WE groups. Body fat mass (FM) and body fat free mass (FFM) using bioelectrical impedance analyser were measured before, in the middle and after the intervention. Results reported although in the middle and after the intervention all groups showed a significant reduction in FM and significant gained in FFM (p < 0.05), there were not significant differences in FM and FFM among all groups (p > 0.05). However, FM decreased and FFM increased more insignificantly in WE and WC groups compared with CG group, and also FM decreased and FFM increased more insignificantly in WE group to compare with WC group during and after 12 weeks of variable resistance training (p > 0.05). The results showed WE variable resistance training had a better effect insignificantly to improve body composition in the middle and after 12 weeks of variable resistance training among untrained male adults.
Comparison of execution times of Kaedah A for different movement trajectories using Virtual Sensei Lite
Authors: Abdul Razak Mohd Firdaus , Mohd Shafie Mohd Saiful Aizat , Shamsudin Muhamad Sharafee , Che Aminudin Muhamad Faris
Published: January 2020

The main objective of this study is to compare the execution times produced by fending off techniques of Seni Silat Cekak Malaysia (SSCM), Kaedah A for different movement trajectories. Three kind of movement trajectories for Kaedah A were carried out which were Trajectory A (normal path), Trajectory B (curve path) and Trajectory C (starting by pulling the hand to the back and continue as Trajectory A). The experiments were conducted using motion capture system where the movement position of the left hand during the execution of Kaedah A were recorded by Kinect sensor, prior to storing and processing via Virtual Sensei (VS) Lite software. A total of four (4) experienced practitioners from SSCM with their consent were selected to perform Kaedah A techniques. The data acquired were further analyzed to determine their kinematic characteristics. Results showed that the execution of Kaedah A using Trajectory A produced the shortest time and highest velocity with average of 0.071±0.007s and 6.438±0.863ms-1 respectively, compared to Trajectory B (0.087±0.011s, 5.230±0.578 ms-1) and Trajectory C (0.149±0.015s, 2.903±0.273ms-1). Therefore, Trajectory A is considered to be more efficient than Trajectory B and Trajectory C in terms of execution times and maximum velocity produced by Kaedah A.
Perbezaan tahap prestasi motor kanak-kanak berdasarkan etnik dan umur kronologi
Authors: Jakiwa Jorrye , K. Suppiah Pathmanathan
Published: January 2020

Kemahiran motor kasar merupakan eleman penting yang berkaitan dengan tahap keaktifan seseorang individu dalam sukan dan aktiviti fizikal. Semakin tinggi tahap prestasi motor kasar kanak-kanak maka semakin tinggi juga tahap penglibatan mereka dalam sukan dan aktiviti fizikal. Oleh itu, tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk menilai tahap prestasi motor kasar dalam kalangan kanak-kanak berdasarkan perbezaan etnik dan umur kronologi. Subjek kajian terdiri daripada dua etnik yang berbeza iaitu etnik Melayu (38 orang) dan India (34 orang). Seramai 72 orang kanak-kanak yang berumur di antara 8 dan 9 tahun (8.51 ± .50 tahun) telah melibatkan diri secara sukarela dalam kajian ini. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk menilai tahap prestasi motor kasar kanak-kanak adalah menggunakan Ujian Perkembangan Motor Kasar (TGMD-2). Dua komponen motor kasar yang dinilai iaitu lokomotor dan manipulatif objek. Hasil analisis menggunakan ujian-t, didapati bahawa tidak terdapat perbezaan tahap prestasi motor antara etnik Melayu dan India sama ada secara lokomotor [t (70) = .31, p (.75) > .05] mahupun manipulatif objek [t (70) = 1.65, p (.10) > .05]. Bagi skor ‘Gross Motor Quotient” (GMQ) pula, didapati bahawa etnik Melayu dan India menunjukkan tahap prestasi motor kasar secara kesetaraan umur yang rendah. Kesimpulannya, perbezaan etnik tidak mempengaruhi tahap prestasi motor kanak-kanak sama ada secara lokomotor atau manipulatif objek.
Incidence of injuries and illnesses among Sabah athletes during SUKMA XIX 2018
Authors: Aziz Mohamad Azwan , George Mathew Mariam
Published: January 2020

This is a study on the prevalence of injuries and illnesses among Sabah SUKMA athletes 2018. This is a retrospective study on injuries and illnesses seen among Sabah athlete who participating in SUKMA 2018 using standardized data registry. Incidence of injury and illness is 16.27 and 16.74 per 100 athletes respectively. Combat sports showed the highest incidence of injuries (45%) mainly involving head and neck region in martial arts event (Muay Thai). Commonly occurring injuries involved were muscle strains and ligament sprains. Concussion rate was 1.85 per 100 full contact athletes. Time loss percentage was 1.4%. The only important illness reported was an isolated case of mumps. There was a high number of injuries in combat sports. There were no report of severe injuries or severe concussions. This could be due to the strict implementation of protective gear during competition. Concussion rate was lower compared to many international studies. Muscle strains was seen more in high speed sprinting and kicking athletes. Contact tracing was activated and no reported Mumps outbreaks in Sabah. There is a need for athlete to learn prevention strategies in combat sports and screening of athlete for infectious diseases prior to participation in national or international sporting event.
Kesan umur relatif dalam kalangan atlet Malaysia dalam Sukan SEA Ke-29 Kuala Lumpur 2017
Authors: JY Rong Ling , Fook Lee Jeffrey Low
Published: January 2020

Kesan Umur Relatif (KUR) ialah kesan daripada perwakilan lebih ramai atlet yang lebih tua secara relatif berbanding dengan atlet yang lebih muda dalam lingkungan umur yang sama. Atlet yang lahir pada awal tahun didapati mempunyai kelebihan dari segi fizikal dan psikologikal berbanding dengan atlet yang lebih muda secara relatif. Kajian ini bertujuan menyelidik kewujudan KUR dalam kalangan atlet yang mewakili Malaysia dalam Sukan SEA, Kuala Lumpur, 2017. Tarikh kelahiran atlet Malaysia (lelaki= 457 orang; perempuan=361 orang) diagihkan mengikut empat suku tahun (K1: Januari hingga Mac; K2: April hingga Jun; K3: Julai hingga September; K4: Oktober hingga Disember). Ujian Khi Kuasa Dua (χ²) mendapati bahawa terdapat KUR dalam kalangan atlet lelaki (K1: 33% berbanding K4: 21%) tetapi tiada dalam kalangan atlet perempuan. Namun untuk pemenang pingat, lebih ramai atlet didapati lahir pada suku tahun pertama untuk atlet lelaki (K1:32%) dan suku tahun kedua untuk atlet perempuan (K2: 36%). Pemilihan dan perkembangan atlet elit Malaysia juga tidak terlepas dari kesan umur relatif.
Opioid-Sparing Multimodal Analgesia After Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy
Authors: Shao Belinda , Tariq Abdul A. , Goldstein Hannah E. , Alexiades Nikita G. , Mar Krista M. , Feldstein Neil A. , Anderson Richard C.E. , Giordano Mirna
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVES:

Multimodal analgesia (MMA) may reduce opioid use among children who are hospitalized, and may contribute toward enhanced recovery after selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) for patients with spasticity in pediatric cerebral palsy. In this retrospective cohort study, we assess an MMA protocol consisting of scheduled nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug doses (ketorolac or ibuprofen), alternating with scheduled acetaminophen and diazepam doses, with as-needed opioids. It was hypothesized that protocol use would be associated with reductions in opioid requirements and other clinical improvements.

METHODS:

Data were obtained for 52 patients undergoing SDR at an academic tertiary care pediatric hospital (2012–2017, with the protocol implemented in 2014). Using a retrospective cohort design, we compared outcomes between protocol and nonprotocol patients, employing both univariate t test and Wilcoxon rank test comparisons as well as multivariable regression methods. The primary outcome was total as-needed opioid requirements over postoperative days (PODs) 0 to 2, measured in oral morphine milligram equivalents per kilogram. Additional outcomes included antiemetic medication doses, discharge opioid prescriptions, total direct cost, and length of stay.

RESULTS:

Twelve patients received the MMA protocol, and 40 patients did not. POD-0 MMA initiation was independently associated with a reduction of 0.14 morphine milligram equivalents per kilogram in mean opioid requirements over PODs 0 to 2 in the multiple regression analysis (95% confidence interval 0.01 to 0.28; P = .04). No statistically significant differences were demonstrated in doses of antiemetic medications, discharge opioid prescriptions, total direct cost, and length of stay.

CONCLUSIONS:

This MMA protocol may help reduce opioid use after SDR. Improving protocol implementation in a prospective, multisite study will help elucidate further MMA effects on pain, costs, and recovery.