bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OSOBENNOSTI METABOLIZMA KOSTNOY TKANI U BOL'NYKh ANKILOZIRUYuShchIM SPONDILOARTRITOM
Authors: Yushina S A , Bugrova O V , Ovchinnikova N A , Aleksandrova I A
Published: January 2018

Objective: To define the specific features of bone metabolism and to estimate bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) Subjects and methods: Seventy-two patients (66 males and 6 females) with SA were examined. Markers of bone metabolism markers were assessed, by measuring the serum levels of osteocalcin (OC) and C-terminal telopeptides (bCrosslaps) by enzyme-linked immunoassay. Bone mineral density (BMD) was studied by distal forearm by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) on a DexaScan DX-10 apparatus. BMD was estimated in women and men older 50 years by the T-test and in men under 50 years by the Z-test. Results: Low BMD was found by DEXA in 55% patients with SA., 7% patients had a vertebral fracture. The level of bCrosslaps was 0.52±0.37 ng/ml (p>0.05) and that of osteocalcin was 12,9±7,1 ng/ml (p<0.05), which is accordingly higher and lower than the reference values. With higher SA activity and advance of X-ray disease stage, there was a tendency for bCrosslaps to increase and osteocalcin to decrease. Correlation analysis revealed a correlation between the value of BMD and the SA activity, between the levels of OC and X-ray disease stage and functional index BASDAI., between the levels of bCrosslaps and degree of activity AS. Age and low physical activity also affected the parameters of BMD in patients with SA.
ISPOL'ZOVANIE PREPARATOV KAL'TsIYa I VITAMINA D V KOMPLEKSE S ADEKVATNYM OSTEOSINTEZOM PRI PSEVDOARTROZAKh KOSTEY GOLENI
Authors: GYuL'NAZAROVA V , RODIONOVA S S , KUZNETsOVA O A , ZEL'SKIY I A , PEN'KOV M Yu
Published: January 2018

Expediency of the application of adequate osteosynthesis in combination with Ca + vitamin D intake for the treatment of pseudarthrosis (PA) complicated by regional immobilization osteoporosis was proved by the results of comparative study (treatment group - 23, control group - 33 subjects). Reliable decrease in time of consolidation by 15.3% was noted in treatment group as compared to controls. That decrease resulted from the transition of “lazy bone ” state typical for regional immobilization to a more active state of bone remodeling. Activization of remodeling process on with intake of Ca D3 Nycomed was proved by sigificant increase in the activity level of alkaline phosphatase and its isoenzyme acid phosphatase. Predominance of osteogenesis process over resorption in the early postoperative period was demonstrated by significant (p=0.004) increase in phosphatase index in the treatment group within first three months after operation as compared to the control group.
ANALIZ SOSTOYaNIYa OKAZANIYa MEDITsINSKOY POMOShchI I ISKhODOV U BOL'NYKh S PERELOMOM PROKSIMAL'NOGO OTDELA BEDRA (DANNYE POPULYaTsIONNOGO ISSLEDOVANIYa)
Authors: GLADKOVA E. N. , KhODYREV V. N. , LESNYaK O. M.
Published: January 2018

The aim of this study was to analyze the medical care and determinants of outcomes in patients with hip fracture. Epidemiological data was received from official statistic for cases of hip fractures and from primary care physicians. 208 cases of hip fractures were revealed during 2008-2009 (52 men and 156 women). The part of the hospitalized patients comprised 37,0%. Other patients either didn‘t apply to a hospital (57 people), or were refused in hospitalization (74 people). Operative treatment was received by 12,5% of patients with hip fracture. The lethality after a hip fracture within 1 year was high — 41,4°%. Thus, the low level of surgical care and the serious consequences of hip fractures and low level of the surgical help dictate the need for the development of the Russian standard to help these patients.
OSTEOPOROSIS: CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF DEVELOPMENT AND TARGET MOLECULES IN SEARCH FOR NEW TREATMENTS OF THE DISEASE
Authors: Sagalovski S
Published: January 2018

In a review of the literature reflects the modern understanding of the cellular-molecular mechanism development of osteoporosis. Reflects the importance of cytokine RANKL-RANK-OPG sistem and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the development process of osteoblasto- and osteoclastogenesis. Noting the key role in the process of bone formation a number of molecules of cell signaling pathway and their antagonists are of interest as a target molecule to search for new drugs treatment for osteoporosis.
BODY COMPOSITION, BONE MASS AND ADIPOKINES IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITH DIFFERENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK (SCORE)
Authors: Ptichkina P. A. , Skripnikova I. A. , Novikov V. E. , Metelsky V. A. , Vygodina V. A. , Zhabina E. A.
Published: January 2018

Women after menopause have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease associated with atherosclerosis (CVD-AS), and osteoporosis. Low body weight is an independent risk factor for osteoporosis and related fractures. At the same time, osteoporosis occurs in people with overweight and is associated with a high risk of death from cardiovascular disease. As the link of overweight with CVD-AS was proved long ago, the impact of obesity on bone status is not sufficiently investigated. Purpose: To study the relationship between bone, fat, lean mass and adipokines in postmenopausal women with low and high risk of cardiovascular disease. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study included 100 women aged 45-65 years. Assessment of cardiovascular risk was carried out using an electronic version of the scale of SCORE. Measurement of bone mineral density (BMD), the amount of bone, fat and lean mass was performed using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. We investigated the concentration of leptin and adiponectin in serum. Results: The increased cardiovascular risk, and low BMD was associated with duration of menopause. Women with an increased risk of CVD-AS more common had obesity and osteoporosis. Osteopenia and osteoporosis were found in 63% of patients, among whom 49% were overweight and 27% obese. To assess the distribution of fat and lean body mass in the ratio have been introduced «fat mass in the trunk (kg)/fat mass in the limbs (kg)» (TF/LF) and «lean mass in the trunk (kg) / lean mass in the limbs (kg) «(TL/LL). The ratio TF/LF, was associated with the presence or absence of abdominal obesity, directly correlated with an increased cardiovascular risk, and BMD at the proximal femur, and TL/LL directly correlated with BMD of the proximal femur and spine. In a linear regression analysis confirmed the connection of the BMD only with the lean mass. Leptin was directly correlated with % fat in the body, spine and BMD of the proximal femur, in the regression analysis the relationship of leptin and BMD remained highly significant. The inverse correlation of BMD in the proximal femoral neck and adiponectin after regression analysis was not confirmed. Conclusions: Low bone mass is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Fat mass does not have neither protective, nor deleterious effect on BMD. Lean body mass and leptin may claim to be independent prognostic factors for bone mass.
SOSTOYaNIE MINERAL'NOY PLOTNOSTI KOSTNOY TKANI U ZhENShchIN, PERENESShIKh MALOTRAVMATIChNYE PERELOMY V VOZRASTE 50 LET I STARShE
Authors: Dobrovol'skaya O V , Demin N V , Toroptsova N V
Published: January 2018

This study was aimed to evaluate the bone mineral density (BMD) in women at the age of 50 years and older with the his tory of fracture(s) after a low-energy trauma. For this purpose the osteodensitometry of three areas was performed in 173 women with different low-traumatic fractures. Osteoporosis and osteopenia were found in 77% and 21% of patients respectively. Osteoporosis at least in one of three areas was revealed in 80% of women with hip fracture, in 77% of women with wrist fractures, in 73% of patients with humeral fractures, in 86% women after vertebral fractures and in 62% of patients with ankle fractures. Moreover, in these subgroups the osteoporosis in two areas of three was found in 38%, 23%, 30%, 33% and 24% of cases respectively. Osteoporosis in all three areas was detected more frequently in women with wrist fractures (in 39% of cases). The high frequency of osteoporosis in women with the history of low-traumatic fractures argues the need of an adequate antiosteoporotic treatment without mandatory verification of the reduced BMD by the mean of the osteodensitometry.
GENNO-INZhENERNYE BIOLOGIChESKIE PREPARATY V TERAPII OSTEOPOROZA U BOL'NYKhREVMATOIDNYM ARTRITOM
Authors: DYDYKINA I S , DYDYKINA P S , NASONOV E L
Published: January 2018

The authors review the current literature data on the influence of the genetically engineered biological drugs on the bone mineral density, bone exchange and remodeling of bone are submitted. Due to high efficiency these drugs received the deserved popularity in spite of the fact that are applied in rheumatology rather recently. The leading role in pathogenesis of local and generalized bone resorption and destruction in rheumatoid arthritis is realized by mediators of immune and inflammatory processes (pro-inflammatory cytokinins): tumor necrosis factor a, interleukin 1, 2, 12, 17, interferon γ, and also prostaglandins, proteolytic enzymes (a collagenase, other proteases), etc. There are described RANKL — dependent and RANKL — independent mechanisms of activation the osteoclastogenesis. In recent years it is established that the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokinins not only reduces inflammatory changes of joints, but also constrains destruction development, interferes with development of bone erosions and generalized bone loss. In the present review results of these works are discussed and questions for future researches are brought up.
RATsIONAL'NYY VYBOR FARMAKOTERAPII POSTMENOPAUZAL'NOGO OSTEOPOROZA.EFFEKTIVNOST' I BEZOPASNOST' BONVIVY: OBZOR ZA VOSEM' LET PRIMENENIYa
Authors: BELAYa Zh E , ROZhINSKAYa L Ya
Published: January 2018

In this critical review, we have summarized the specific evidence on ibandronic acid (Bonviva) efficacy, tolerability, feasibility and safety acquired from randomized controlled clinical trials, meta-analyses, bridging trials, long-term extension studies, observational studies and clinical experience. We have paid special attention to reviewing the surrogate endpoints, which are routinely used in clinical practice to estimate the treatment efficacy as well as those high technology methods that are currently used in research centers to predict anti-fracture efficacy. Although the only registered indication for Bonviva in Russia is for postmenopausal osteoporosis, we have reviewed the available clinical trials on the efficacy of ibandronic acid to prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis, to treat low bone mass in males, to treat and prevent glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis and other types of secondary osteoporosis and, in particular, in patients after organ transplantation. In addition to this, we have extensively discussed the currently available data on the safety of pharmacologic treatment for osteoporosis.
ANABOLIChESKAYa TERAPIYa OSTEOPOROZA.TERIPAPARATID: EFFEKTIVNOST', BEZOPASNOST' I OBLAST' PRIMENENIYa
Authors: BELAYa Zh E , ROZhINSKAYa L Ya
Published: January 2018

This review of the literature has been dedicated to experimental and clinical studies of mechanism of action and efficacy of 1—34 amino acid fragment of parathyroid hormone — teriparatide as well as others contries experience of its prescribtion. Teriparatide is an osteoanabolic agent which stimulates bone formation by affecting bone modeling and by stimulating bone remodeling. The effects on modeling lead to increased bone formation whereas the effects on bone remodeling lead to increased bone turnover. Thus, in its mode of action teriparatide differs from all others medicines currently available to treat osteoporosis. Daily subcutaneous injections of teriparatide are proved to be effective to prevent low-traumatic vertebral and non-vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with the history of vertebral fractures. Teriparatide is effective to treat osteoporosis in male and even more effective than alendronate to treat glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Due to high cost and some restriction related to the duration of therapy (up to 18 months in Russia and 24 months in others countries) teriparatide should be recommended to treat severe osteoporosis in patients with a history >1 moderate clinical vertebral fracture or two or more vertebral fragility fractures or in case the previous treatment was not effective. Teriparatide should be prescribed after bisphosphonates or other antiosteoporotic treatment, but not in the combination with bisphosphonates. The prescribtion of bisphosphonates after teriparatide is effective to maintaine and further improve the effect. Thus, teriparatide is effective to treat severe osteoporosis and osteoporosis resistant to other therapy.
FAKTORY PROGRESSIROVANIYa OSTEOARTROZA KOLENNYKh SUSTAVOV (5-letnee prospektivnoeNABLYuDENIE)
Authors: KAShEVAROVA N G , ZAYTsEVA E M , PUShKOVA O V , SMIRNOV A V , ALEKSEEVA L I
Published: January 2018

The pain is the main clinical symptom of osteoarthritis (OA) and it has significant influence on the daily activity. It has been shown that joint pain and synovitis are principal risk factors for the disease progression. But the data of some studies are not support this statement. The objective of our study was investigation of association between synovitis, pain intensity and progression of OA. Materials and Methods: a 5-year prospective study included 110 Women (age 42 to 80 years) with knee OA (ACR criteria). We used special questionnaire, visual analog scale for the pain assessment and x-ray and ultrasound examination of the knee joints. Results: At the end of the study 70 patients (group 1) had not radiographic changes and 40 patients (group 2) had radiographic progression. All patients were adjusted for the age and duration of the disease. However the patients from the second group had more often synovitis which was confirmed clinically and instrumentally (accordingly 65,0% and 34,3 %, p=0,004 , 50,0 % and 18,6 %, p=0,001), more severe pain in the knee joints (accordingly 57, 8±16,6 and 48,7±13,3 mm, p=0,002), and higher BMI value (33,2±6,0 and 30,5±5,6 kg/m 2, p=0,021). The patients with radiographic progression had more severe pain at the all visits. At the end of the study increasing of the pain was 56,3±14,7 mm in the nonprogression group and 67,5±21,7 mm in the group with radiographic progression (p=0,002). Conclusion: synovitis, intensity of the pain and higher BMI are risk factors for the progression of OA.
TREATMENT OF POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS WITH NITROGEN CONTAINING BISPHOSPHONATES, EARLY SIDE EFFECTS AND THEIR PREVENTION
Authors: Yakushevskaya O V , Yureneva S V
Published: January 2018

Infusions of aminobisphosphonates are now established therapies ofpostmenopausal osteoporosis. Their use is associated with fever and musculoskeletal pain in some subjects, referred to as the acute phase response (APR). The purpose of the study was to explore tolerability of zoledronic acid in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. In a 36-month open label, prospective study patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis iv received zoledronic acid at a dose of 5 mg every 12 months. We then analyzed the tolerability of the treatment at the hospital and via telephone interviews during the next 14 days and every 3 months after the infusion. Prevention of APR was carried out with paracetamol 500 mg x 3 times a day on the day of first infusion and the next 2 days. Symptoms of APR were recorded in 39% (n=43) of patients with prevention therapy. APR developed in the first 12-24 hours after infusion of zoledronic acid. Among women without prevention APR developed in 65% (n=75) of cases. (OR=0.34 CI (0.2-0.59)). After the 2 nd infusion symptoms of APR were noted in 27.9% (n=26) (р<0.05) of 93 patients, after the 3 rdin 6.6% (n=2) of 30 patients. Thus, in >90% of cases the symptoms were of mild or moderate severity, with resolution within 3 days after infusion of zoledronic acid. The most frequent symptoms were bone and muscular manifestations and a flu-like syndrome (p<0.05). APR developed during the first 12-24 hours after infusion of zoledronic acid. ARR developed 2.5 times more often in the cases when zoledronic acid was used for the first time. If paracetamol treatment was administered, APR cases were documented 1.7 times less often with lesser degree and length of manifestations. Frequency of APR dropped after repeated zoledronic acid infusions.
THE POSSIBLE INFLUENCE OF BISPHOSPHONATE THERAPY AND ITS COMBINATION WITH STATINS ON PARAMETERS OF AORTIC STIFFNESS IN WOMEN WITH POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS
Authors: Barinova I V , Blankova Z N , Aslanyan N S , Ageev F T , Ryabtseva O Yu , Kochetov A G , Masenko V P
Published: January 2018

The study shows that addition of statins to osteoporotic therapy in postmenopausal women with different cardiovascular risk beside desired hypolipidemic effect and reduction of arterial stiffness also elevates BMD at femoral neck by 4,9% from the baseline (p<0.05). Bisphosphonates therapy in postmenopausal women gives additional reduction of central systolic arterial pressure of 4.1 mm Hg with the tendency to improvement in the arterial stiffness. The dynamics of aortal stiffness was correlated with changers in intensity of bone remodeling (for N-terminal propeptides of type I procollagen (P1NP) p =0.47, p=0.019; for carboxyl-terminal telopeptide of collagen type I (CITP1) p=0.40, p=0.05) as well as systolic blood pressure (r=0.52, p=0.008). Conclusions. Bisphosphonate therapy and its combination with statins may influence the on parameters of blood pressure and aortic stiffness in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis.
EFFICACY AND TOLERABILITY OF GENERIC ZOLEDRONIC ACID 5 MG (REZOCLASTIN PS) IN THE TREATMENT OF OSTEOPOROSIS: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF CLINICAL EXPERIENCE WITH THE DRUG IN RUSSIA
Authors: Marchenkova L A , Dreval A V , Baharev I V
Published: January 2018

Objectives. To analyze clinical data of the first domestic zoledronic acid generic preparation for the treatment of osteoporosis (Rezoclastin PS., 5 mg). Materials and Methods. The study included data from 123 patients (118 women and 5 men) treated with Rezoclastin PS 5 mg in medical centers of Moscow, St.-Petersburg and Krasnodar for primary (91.8%) or secondary(8.2%) osteoporosis, with mean age 27-78 years (61,4 ± 9,1 years). 56.6% of patients had severe osteoporosis with compressive deformations of vertebrae. Duration of medical therapy ranged from 6 to 24 months. Results. Study of changers in bone resorption marker CTx (n = 10) showed decline by 78% after 3 months of treatment compared to baseline (p = 0.027). BMD at the lumbar segment of the spine L 1-L 4 increased after 12 months by 3.4% (p <0.001, n = 87) and 24 months by 5.7% (p <0.05, n = 11) at the femoral neck - by 1.6% (p <0.0001, n = 64) and by 2.5% (p <0.05, n = 11), respectively, and in the total proximal femur - by 2.6% (p <0.01, n = 64) and by 3.8% (p <0.05, n = 11), respectively. The level of back pain in the study group significantly decreased at 6 months (p <0.000001), and after 18 and 24 months the pain in most patients subsided. After the first administration of the drug in 40% of patients had adverse events, mainly due to flu-like syndrome. After the second infusion at 12 months adverse reactions rate decreased to only 22.9%, after the third infusion at 24 months to 1.8 %. Conclusions. The parameters of efficacy and adverse reactions of the generic zoledronic acid as our data show is comparable to the brand version of the drug.
THE USE OF HYALURONIC ACID IN GONARTHROSIS IN REAL CLINICAL PRACTICE
Authors: Vaskova N V , Evstigneeva L P , Ivashova I G , Kuznecova N M , Gan E Y , Lesnyak O M
Published: January 2018

Objectives. To assess the frequency and preferences when assigning intraarticular therapy with hyaluronic acid (HA) in knee оsteoarthritis (ОА) in clinical practice. Material and methods. The analysis of 200 patient records with knee OA treated at the regional center of rheumatology to assess the frequency and spectrum assignment of НА, profile of patients, who were prescribed HA, and its effectiveness. To assess the opinions of rheumatologists on intraarticular therapy with НА we conducted an anonymous questionnaire of 20 rheumatologists of Ekaterinburg. Results. The analysis showed that intraarticular НА therapy was recommended by rheumatologists to 46% of patients with knee ОА, of which the treatment was performed in only 35%. Patients who received treatment were older and more often took NSAIDs and symptomatic slow-acting drugs. Intra-articular НА therapy was effective in 69% of patients. НА with higher molecular weight were more effective, although rheumatologists prefer НА with low molecular weight. Conclusion. In clinical practice, НА is used widely in the treatment of knee ОА, a positive effect from the treatment noted in more than a half of patients.
MULTIFACTORIAL PATHOGENESIS OF OSTEOPOROSIS AND THE ROLE OF GENES OF CANONICAL WNT-SIGNALING PATHWAY
Authors: Mailyan E A
Published: January 2018

Nowadays, multifactorial nature of osteoporosis does not raise any doubts. Besides, it should be noted that about 90% disease cases are determined genetically. In 1990-s a number of candidate genes mutations were established which increase the risk of osteoporosis development. VDR, ESR1, ESR2, COLIA1, PTH, CT, CTR, BGP, AR, GCCR, TGFB1, IL-6, IGF1, IL-1ra, OPG were considered to be this kind of genes. New genetic analysis technologies (GWAS, etc.) gave the opportunity to expand our conception about multi genomic pathogenesis of osteoporosis and to point out a new group of genes candidate - a canonical Wnt-signaling pathway genes (CTNNB1, SOST, FOXC2, FOXL1, LRP4, LRP5, WNT1, WNT3, WNT16, DKK1, AXIN1, JAG1, etc.). Extreme importance of canonical Wnt-signaling pathway and genes given above in skeleton formation and its strength necessitate the need for further scientific research and opens perspective to improve osteoporosis diagnostics, treatment and prognosis.
THE RELEVANCE, BENEFITS AND CLINICAL PERSPECTIVES OF THE COMBINED TREATMENT OF OSTEOPOROSIS BASED ON BONE-ANABOLIC THERAPY
Authors: Marchenkova L A , Martynova E Yu
Published: January 2018

Combination therapy of osteoporosis based on bone-anabolic and antiresorbtive agents has a great clinical perspective. An analysis of available publications shows that combination therapy is appropriate from the standpoint of increasing the effectiveness of treatment. Combination therapy can be executed as a simultaneous use of teriparatide with denosumab, raloxifene or hormonal therapy, and the subsequent administration of bisphosphonates, denosumab or raloxifene after treatment with teriparatide. The review presents the evidence-based data on the effect of combined and sequential regimens for osteoporosis fracture risk.
ABSORPTIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF SOME QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE INDICATORS OF BONE TISSUE STATUS ASSESSED BY A QUANTITATIVE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN WOMEN OF DIFFERENT AGES
Authors: Volkov A A , Beloselsky N N , Pribytkov Y N
Published: January 2018

Aim. To study the characteristics of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of bone mineral density in women. Materials and methods. Quantitative computed tomography with additional quantitative and qualitative assessments was performed in 127 women of different ages without clinical signs of osteoporosis. Results. We had calculated the size and the ratio of cortical bone and spongy tissue at the lumbar vertebrae considering the density range characterized as the maximum and minimum of mineralized areas that represent not only quantitative but also qualitative state of the bone tissue. Conclusions. The obtained data can be used to assess the changes in the quality of bone in osteoporosis and osteopenia.
CONTEMPORARY DIAGNOSIS OF BONE FORMATION DISORDERS IN INFANTS AND YOUNG CHILDREN USING ULTRASONOGRAPHY (METHODOLOGICAL GUIDELINES)
Authors: Krutikova N Y , Ryabukhin Yu V
Published: January 2018

The article presents data on tibia and tubular bones density, obtained with quantitative ultrasonometry in 2316 children aged 0 - 3 years. The paper devoted to up-to-date methods of diagnostics to reveal bone-metabolism in newborns and younger children. Certain clinical recommendations have been desined on the basis of the results obtained with ultrasound osteodensitometry. New percentile data base has been created for the device «Omnessense 7000S».
CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS CONTENT OF THE COMPACT BONE IN RATS WITH ALLOXAN DIABETES
Authors: Vyatkin V A , Sobennikova M V , Kanunnikova O M , Butolin E G , Ivanov V G , Savinova N V
Published: January 2018

Introduction: Most of the socio-economic importance of diabetes is an early disability of patients suffering from it. Among the chronic complications of diabetes, there are also abnormal changes in bone tissue. Aim: The aim of our work was to study the changes in the amount of calcium and phosphorus (the main inorganic constituents of bone) in a compact bone tissue in alloxan-induced diabetes in rats at different stages of the disease. Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted on 70 white mongrel male rats weighing 180 to 220 g. Using the method of atomic emission spectroscopy with inductively coupled plasma we determined the content of calcium and phosphorus in the samples - femoral shafts weighting 5 mg. In homogenates of samples, we determined the activity of alkaline phosphatase. The entire list of measurements was repeated at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of experiment. Results: The work revealed the decreases in the content of calcium at 7, 14 and 28 days of observation and phosphorus throughout the experiment with maximum changes on the 7th day of the experiment: 25% (p = 0.00002) and 15% (p = 0.002), respectively, compared with control values (median: 1.9 mg -calcium, 0.73 mg - phosphorus). There was a strong direct correlation between calcium and phosphorus (r = 0.086; p <0.01) and an inhibition of activity of alkaline phosphatase on day 28 of the experiment. Conclusions: For the first time, we show that alloxan diabetes in rats is accompanied by a decrease in phosphorus and calcium content of the compact bone with a maximum change at day 7 of the experiment. There are phase changes in the activity of alkaline phosphatase characterized by an increase at day 7 and inhibition by day 28 of the experiment.
OSTEOPOROSIS AND ASSOCIATED FRACTURES IN OLDER PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY RHEUMATIC DISEASES
Authors: Gladkov E N , Kozhemyakina E V , Evstigneeva L P , Tikhonova V A , Kamkina L N , Bannykh O V , Balueva V M , Lesnyak O M
Published: January 2018

Aim. To estimate the burden of fractures in patients with rheumatic inflammatory diseases. Materials and Methods. A specially designed questionnaire was introduced to patients of rheumatic department of Sverdlovsk regional hospital № 1. The study included 242 patients aged 50 to 79 years (mean age 58.4± 6.5 years, 194 women and 48 men). Results. High incidence of osteoporosis (35.5%) was observed in patients with rheumatic inflammatory diseases. Intervention threshold (FRAX) was identified in 46.8% of patients. Low-energy fractures of the skeleton were identified in 33.9% of patient. Oral glucocorticoid therapy increased the risk (odds ratio (95% confidence interval (95% CI)) of osteoporotic fractures by 2.68-fold (95% CI 1.55 - 4.63, p=0.004). Conclusion. High incidence of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures was observed in patients with rheumatic inflammatory diseases.
ANALYSIS OF MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH A FRACTURE OF THE PROXIMAL FEMUR
Authors: Ershova O B , Belova K Yu , Degtyarev A A , Ganert O A , Romanova M A , Sinitsyna O S , Belov M V , Abissova I Yu
Published: January 2018

Introduction. Hip fracture (HF) are the most serious complication of osteoporosis and a serious public health problem, causing significant economic damage. They are characterized by a high level of mortality as an inpatient and outpatient stages. Rate of severe outcome depends on the organization of medical care of these patients. Goal. To evaluate the frequency of lethality in patients undergoing HF. Subjects and methods. A longitudinal observational cohort study among residents of the city of Yaroslavl at the age of 50 years and older who received HF for the period from 01.09.2010 to 31.08.2011 years, with follow-up of 24 months (up visits 3, 6, 12 and 24 month after the date of fracture). The analysis of lethality was performed by using of life tables and the analysis of the «censored» cases. Results. Overall lethality in hospital was 9.66%, in 3 months - 21,75%, after 6 months - 26,46%, 12 months -29,82%, 24 months - 34,53%. The next characteristics of the lethality were analyzed at every stage of observation: a density of probability, function of the intensity and immediate risk of the death, the expected median of lifetime. Conclusion. The analysis allowed to obtain the most accurate and complete data on the lethality in patients with HF and to evaluate several additional features of this indicator.
Symptome der Kulturindustrie
Authors: Witte Sonja
Published: January 2018

Diese Studie geht der Frage nach dem Unbewussten in der Kulturindustrie auf besondere Weise nach: Gerahmt von den Kategorien des Spiels und des Unheimlichen werden filmtheoretische Denkfiguren und verschiedenste ästhetische Inszenierungen (von Die fabelhafte Welt der Amélie über Werke von Santiago Sierra und der Künstlergruppe »Die Tödliche Doris«) auf Symptome hin befragt, deren Deutungen Aufschluss geben über den konstitutiv konflikthaften Charakter der Kulturindustrie. Ausgehend vom Unbewussten wissenschaftlichen Denkens werden so Spiel und Unheimliches kulturtheoretisch ausgeleuchtet und Verbindungen zwischen psychoanalytischer und Adornos Kritischer Theorie sowie aktuellen kulturwissenschaftlichen Positionen erschlossen.
Model Matematika Penyebaran Penyakit Demam Chikungunya Dengan Dua Jenis Nyamuk Ades (Aedes aegepty dan Aedes albopictus)
Authors: Amanati Farida , Musthofa Muhammad Wakhid
Published: January 2018

Demam Chikungunya adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh nyamuk Aedes Aegepty dan  Aedes Albopictus. Pengobatan untuk demam Chikungunya hanya dengan pengobatan secara simptomatik yaitu hanya mengurangi gejalanya saja seperti penurun panas, gejala nyeri sendi. Dalam tulisan ini mempelajari tentang model matematika penyebaran virus Chikungunya dengan dua jenis Nyamuk Aedes pembawa virus Chikungunya berdasarkan asumsi–asumsi yang telah dibuat. Dalam model ini dihasilkan titik ekulibrium bebas penyakit dan endenik, basic reproduction ratio, dan analisis kestabilan model di sekitar titik ekuilibrium. Kestabilan titik ekuilibrium dijelaskan secaraanalisis dengan menggunakan kriteria Routh-Hurwitz. Simulasi diberikan sebagai bentuk pendekatan model terhadap nilai–nilai parameter yang diberikan.
Changing the Stage, Grade and Histological Subtypes of Renal Cell Carcinomas during 10 Years Period
Authors: Çalışkan Selahattin , Koca Orhan , Akyüz Mehmet , Öztürk Metin İshak , Karaman Muhammet Ihsan
Published: January 2018

Renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) account 80–85% of all primary renal neoplasms and originate from the renal cortex. The patients who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy for renal tumour in our unit between January 2005 and 2015 were evaluated retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups; group 1 includes patients who were treated between January 2005 and December 2009, group 2 those from January 2010 to 2015. There were 103 patients in group 1. The patients were between 21 and 89 years with mean age of 61.46 year. Renal cell carcinomas account 83.4% of the patients, benign renal tumours were 8.7% and transitional cell carcinomas were 7.7% of the patients in group 1. A total of 32.5% RCCs were classified as pT1a, 24.4% as pT1b, 15.1% as pT2a, 11.6% as pT2b, 15.1% as pT3a and 1.1% as pT4. There were 202 patients in group 2 and the patients were between 27 and 81 years with mean age of 58.5 year. Renal cell carcinomas comprised the main bulk of the tumours with 182 nephrectomy specimens. According to the pathological classification of RCCs, 51 specimens were found as pT1a, 54 were pT1b, 13 were pT2a, 14 were pT2b, 48 were pT3a and 2 were pT4. Although, the incidence of small renal masses has been increasing with widespread use of imaging techniques and recent advancements, the proportion of high grade and advanced stage renal tumours increased during the study period.
5-fluorouracil Toxicity Mechanism Determination in Human Keratinocytes: in vitro Study on HaCaT Cell Line
Authors: Hartinger Jan , Veselý Pavel , Šíma Martin , Netíková Irena , Matoušková Eva , Petruželka Luboš
Published: January 2018

5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and capecitabine therapy is often accompanied by palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (PPE) which is manifestation of 5-FU toxicity in keratinocytes. The main mechanisms of 5-FU action are thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibition which can be abrogated by thymidine and strengthened by calciumfolinate (CF) and incorporation of fluorouridinetriphosphate into RNA which can be abrogated by uridine. For proper PPE treatment 5-FU mechanism of action in keratinocytes needs to be elucidated. We used the 5-FU toxicity modulators uridine, thymidine and CF to discover the mechanism of 5-FU action in human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT. To measure the cellular viability, we used MTT test and RTCA test. CF did not augment 5-FU toxicity and 5-FU toxicity was weakened by uridine. Therefore, the primary mechanism of 5-FU toxicity in keratinocytes is 5-FU incorporation into RNA. The uridine protective effect cannot fully develop in the presence of CF. Thymidine addition to 5-FU and uridine treated cells not only prevents the toxicity-augmenting CF effect but it also prolongs the 5-FU treated cells survival in comparison to uridine only. Therefore, it can be assumed that in the presence of uridine the 5-FU toxicity mechanism is switched from RNA incorporation to TS inhibition. Although particular 5-FU toxicity mechanisms were previously described in various cell types, this is the first time when various combinations of pyrimidine nucleosides and CF were used for 5-FU toxicity mechanism elucidation in human keratinocytes. We suggest that for PPE treatment ointment containing uridine and thymidine should be further clinically tested.
Catastrophic Left Ventricular Thrombosis Complicating Extra-corporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Case Report
Authors: Pořízka Michal , Kopecký Petr , Mikulenka Vladimír , Kunstýř Jan , Lipš Michal , Balík Martin
Published: January 2018

A massive left ventricular thrombosis represents a rare however, catastrophic complication of a central veno-arterial extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation. We report a case of such complication in a patient with severe left ventricular dysfunction after cardiac surgery. Its management and preventive measures are described and discussed.
Culture in advertising and advertising in culture: Communication, translation, representation
Authors: Gromová Edita , Müglová Daniela , Perez Emília
Published: January 2018

The authors of the paper focus on the intercultural dimension in the translation of advertising texts, attempting to compare and illustrate the influence of cultural elements upon advertising text-creation in American, German and Slovak cultural spaces. Reflecting the social, psychological and cultural aspects of translation transfer, they survey the tension between the domestic and the foreign and consequent choices in translation strategy. They present tendencies observed across a span of almost two decades in the translation of advertising texts into Slovak and provide possible explanations for their development.
Atomic absorption spectrometry with electrothermal atomization to determine trace amounts of arsenic
Authors: Manová A. , Beinrohr E. , Čacho F.
Published: January 2018

The aim of this work was to develop an on-line coupling of electrochemical preconcentration to atomic absorption spectrometry method and to apply the developed system in the determination of ultra-trace amounts of As in water samples. A flow-through electrochemical analyzer EcaFlow (Istran Ltd, Bratislava, Slovakia) was used as the preconcentration unit with a two-electrode cell. The working electrode was a reticular vitreous carbon electrode coated with gold. An atomic absorption spectrometer SP9 with a graphite furnace atomizer (Pye Unicam) was used to determine the preconcentrated As species. Preconcentration parameters were optimized for the electrochemical process.
Lower semicontinuity and relaxation of linear-growth integral functionals under PDE constraints
Authors: Arroyo-Rabasa Adolfo , De Philippis Guido , Rindler Filip
Published: January 2018

We show general lower semicontinuity and relaxation theorems for linear-growth integral functionals defined on vector measures that satisfy linear PDE side constraints (of arbitrary order). These results generalize several known lower semicontinuity and relaxation theorems for BV, BD, and for more general first-order linear PDE side constrains. Our proofs are based on recent progress in the understanding of singularities of measure solutions to linear PDEs and of the generalized convexity notions corresponding to these PDE constraints.
Existence of solutions for a coupled system with ∅-Laplacian operators and nonlinear coupled boundary conditions
Authors: Goli Konan Charles Etienne , Adjé Assohoun
Published: January 2018

We study the existence of solutions of the system submitted to nonlinear coupled boundary conditions on [0, T] where ∅1, ∅2: (-a, a) → ℝ, with 0 < a < +∞, are two increasing homeomorphisms such that ∅1(0) = ∅2(0) = 0, and fi : [0, T] × ℝ4 → ℝ, i ∈{1, 2} are two L1-Carathéodory functions. Using some new conditions and Schauder fixed point Theorem, we obtain solvability result.
Estimating the critical determinants of a class of three-dimensional star bodies
Authors: Nowak Werner Georg
Published: January 2018

In the problem of (simultaneous) Diophantine approximation in ℝ3 (in the spirit of Hurwitz’s theorem), lower bounds for the critical determinant of the special three-dimensional body K2 : (y2 + z2)(x2 + y2 + z2) ≤ 1 play an important role; see [1], [6]. This article deals with estimates from below for the critical determinant ∆ (Kc) of more general star bodies Kc : (y2 + z2)c/2(x2 + y2 + z2) ≤ 1 ; where c is any positive constant. These are obtained by inscribing into Kc either a double cone, or an ellipsoid, or a double paraboloid, depending on the size of c.
The Existence of a Generalized Solution of an m-Point Nonlocal Boundary Value Problem
Authors: Devadze David
Published: January 2018

An m-point nonlocal boundary value problem is posed for quasi- linear differential equations of first order on the plane. Nonlocal boundary value problems are investigated using the algorithm of reducing nonlocal boundary value problems to a sequence of Riemann-Hilbert problems for a generalized analytic function. The conditions for the existence and uniqueness of a generalized solution in the space are considered.
Derivational morphology in flux: a case study of word-formation change in German
Authors: Hartmann Stefan
Published: January 2018

The diachronic change of word-formation patterns is currently gaining increasing interest in cognitive-linguistic and constructionist approaches. This paper contributes to this line of research with a corpus-based investigation of nominalization with the suffix-ungin German. In doing so, it puts forward both theoretical and methodological considerations on morphology and morphological change from a usage-based perspective. Regarding methodology, the long-standing topic of how to measure (changes in) the productivity of a morphological pattern is discussed, and it is shown how statistical association measures can be applied to quantify the relationship between word-formation patterns and their bases. These findings are linked up with theoretical considerations on the interplay between constructional schemas and their respective instances.
Forest management and hunting in areas adjacent to national parks: the example of the Magura National Park
Authors: Wajdzik Marek , Kołodziej Zbigniew , Bilański Piotr , Szyjka Katarzyna
Published: January 2018

the aim of the study was to evaluate arguments for hunting and its impact on forest management and conservation in national parks as well as areas directly adjacent to them. the issue was examined using the example of the Magura national Park (MnP) for which data on the number of deer and predatory mammals included in the statistical yearbooks for 2013-2014 were available. the quality and size of the food sources provided by this type of forest habitat were evaluated using data obtained from the literature. We also included data on the dietary habits of wolves and lynxes as well as their impact on the number of large ungulates in our analysis. the maximum carrying capacity of forest stands in the Magura national Park was determined to be 789 deer units (dear unit = 1 red deer or 0.3 elk or 5 roe deer), whereas in fact in 2014, the abundance of ungulates reached a total of 1230 deer units. our analysis evaluating the impact of wolf and lynx populations on ungulates in the area showed that these predators can kill up to 212 deer per year (140 individuals by wolves and 72 by lynxes). the growth in deer population, however, varies from 25.8% to 27.7%, which in the MnP amounts to 258-277 new born individuals per year, meaning that the wolf and lynx populations in the MnP are not able to prevent the number of deer from growing. the current population of ungulates (1230 deer units ) having reached a density of 6.6 deer units/km2 exceeds the capacity of the MnP and thus poses a real threat to maintaining both, the nature of the park and the adjacent stands. this article shows that the natural maintenance of balance in the predator-prey relationship is unlikely under these conditions and failure to allow for anthropogenic interference to regulate the number of ungulates in protected areas may result in an increase in the density of their population. Potential destruction of other valuable assets such as forest habitats may consequently follow. the current population of ungulates (1,230 deer units) having reached a density of 6.6 deer units/km2 exceeds the capacity of the MnP and thus poses a real threat to maintaining the nature of both the park and the adjacent stands. this article shows that the natural maintenance of balance in the predator-prey relationship is unlikely under these conditions and failure to allow for anthropogenic interference to regulate the number of ungulates in protected areas may result in an increase in the density of their population. Potential destruction of other valuable assets such as forest habitats may consequently follow.
Influence of organic components on changes of the properties of reclaimed soils damaged by fire from coniferous dry forest
Authors: Królak Elżbieta , Kot Barbara , Sterniczuk Karol , Troć Aneta , Zychowicz Ewelina , Powalska Ewelina
Published: January 2018

The main objective of the study was to analyse the influence of compost produced from urban green waste, sewage sludge from municipal treatment plants and horticultural peat on changes of selected chemical and microbiological parameters of forest soil reclaimed after a fire. Soil samples were collected one and two years after the components had been applied to the soil. The results from experimental sites were compared with those from control samples. In the soil samples the following parameters were determined: content of carbon and nitrogen, reaction, hydrolytic acidity and the total amount of alkaline cations. Also the total number of bacteria and fungi, including moulds and yeast, was analysed. A year after components application, pH and the number of yeasts and moulds in the soil increased. After two years the content of nitrogen and the total number of bacteria in the soil increased as well. The most beneficial effect on changes in soil properties had the application of sewage sludge, which manifested itself in a decrease of the C/N ratio. This indicated the suitability of sewage sludge in reclamation of poor forest habitats. Peat underwent the slowest mineralization among all the organic components applied to the soil.
How Judges Can Think: The Use of Expert’s Knowledge as Proof in Civil Proceedings
Authors: Gaboardi Marcello
Published: January 2018

The classic account of the role of expert in civil proceedings revolves around a crucial notion. The idea is that the role the expert plays is correlated with an evident lack of technical or scientific knowledge within the context of the judiciary. Such an approach involves several questions ranging from how to perceive the need to supplement the basic judicial knowledge to whether there is such a thing as a binding aspect in the expert evidence. For civil lawyers the expert needs to be appointed depending on judicial discretion. The appointment of expert requires judicial evaluation on a case-by-case basis. Whether or not the attorneys encourage the judge to appoint an expert, the court remains capable of recognizing that certain facts are more likely candidates to a technical or scientific assessment. If the judge is persuaded that the case can be decided regardless the opinion of an expert, the decision can be based solely on the judicial knowledge and skills. On the contrary, the common law tradition leaves the attorneys with a burden of submitting to the court the technical or scientific knowledge they deem necessary for the judgment. In this different perspective, the judge is basically called upon to evaluate the expert witnesses and select their convincing statements through the cross-examination of the parties. In both systems, the crucial question is how technical or scientific knowledge can be translated for legal decisionmaking. The judge and the expert use different languages and approach the factual questions very differently. Scientists offer empirical research studies and make general statements about natural phenomena; lawyers focus their attention on the individual decisionmaking required in the courtroom. Nonetheless, disputes involving technical or scientific issues make it inevitable that the judge and the expert face with the problem of mutual understanding. The way in which legal scholars have usually managed those differences is by adopting a structured cooperation between the judge and the expert. By construing such a relationship as a form of mutual training, they find some room for warranting an effective gatekeeping role to the judge. But such a cooperation is more a theoretical possibility than a pragmatic opportunity. Instead, reshaping the expert evidence into a lay judge can offer a concrete opportunity to entrench the scientific or technical knowledge of the court in several cases.
Russian Market Power in International Wheat Exports: Evidence from a Residual Demand Elasticity Analysis
Authors: Uhl Kerstin Marit , Perekhozhuk Oleksandr , Glauben Thomas
Published: January 2018

Russia has emerged as a major wheat exporter since the beginning of the 2000s, and today, it possesses high market shares in several wheat-importing countries in the Middle East and North African region. This has raised concerns that Russia might abuse its dominant market position by pricing above marginal cost. Using a novel dataset with weekly information on Russian wheat exports, we apply the residual demand elasticity method to analyze the pricing behavior of Russia in its two most important export markets, i. e. Egypt and Turkey. Our estimation results reveal that Russia behaves competitively in Egypt while it exerts market power in Turkey with an estimated mark-up of 13.5 %.