bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘Life in the positive way’: Indonesian straight edge and the limits of lifestyle politics
Authors: Martin-Iverson Sean
Published: October 2017

In this article I examine the contested and equivocal role of ‘straight edge’ as a subcultural identity and lifestyle practice within the Indonesian DIY hardcore punk scene. Associated with a personal commitment to abstain from alcohol and drug use, straight edge was also
understood by many in the Indonesian scene as a ‘positive punk’ movement for both self-transformation and progressive social change, reclaiming an authentic punk philosophy of autonomy and community from the ‘negative’ performance of transgressive rebellion. However,
as the scene became entangled in both neo-liberal processes of commercialization and a resurgence of Islamic conservatism, many of those committed to positive punk began to question the role of straight edge and its relationship to DIY production as an anti-capitalist creative practice. Through
a critical assessment of the lifestyle politics of straight edge in the Indonesian scene, I explore the potentials and limits of subcultural identity practices for emancipatory politics. Entangled in contradictory discourses and practices of collective identity, personal choice, subcultural
authenticity, and anti-capitalist activism, straight edge both helped to cohere a distinct anti-capitalist DIY hardcore current within the Indonesian punk scene and constrained the political potential of DIY practices within a framework of subcultural identity and lifestyle. I situate this
specific history of straight edge in the Indonesian scene within a broader analysis of the contradiction within DIY punk between building positive personal and social alternatives and critically negating existing modes of identification and sociality.
Book Reviews
Authors: Lohman Kirsty , Pringle Kirby
Published: October 2017

A European Youth Revolt: European Perspectives on Youth Protest and Social Movements in the 1980s, Knud Andresen and Bart van der Steen (eds) (2016) Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 277 pp., ISBN: 9781137565709, h/bk, £63.00

Punk and Revolution: Seven more Interpretations of
Peruvian Reality, Shane Greene (2016) Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 248 pp., ISBN: 9780822362746, p/bk, £19.00
Gig Reviews
Authors: Dines Mike , Mego Paul
Published: October 2017

Bearded Theory Spring Gathering, Convoy Cabaret Stage, Catton Park, Derbyshire, 25–28 MAY 2017

Memphis Punk Fest 5, Memphis, Tennessee, 1–4 JUNE 2017
Institutional Transformation of Local Innovation Systems in Farmer Community of Belu, Nusa Tenggara Timur
Authors: Wijayanti Febri , Dyah Savitri , Saparita Rachmini , Abbas Akmadi
Published: October 2017

Institutional is one factor that must be considered in the process of technology transfer. The Local Innovation System (in this case SIDa-Belu) was trying to look at those problems in agriculture to empowering poor farmers in the area. This paper analyzed transformation intitution, which occurs during and after the proccess of SIDa-Belu Implementation. The methods used in this research is descriptive analysis with structure, conduct, performance (SCP) approach. Institutional change is a transformation proccess that is part of development. Therefore, the main objective of any institutional change is to internalize the potential for greater productivity which comes from improved resource utilization, and creating a new balance simultaneously. On SIDa-Belu implementation, institutional change encourage the change for farming groups. Before SIDa-Belu they did subsistent farming, and after implementation they make a new adjustment by external factors (permanent feedback proccess) into modern farming groups with market oriented.
Effectively reducing amylase testing using computer order entry in the emergency department: quality improvement without eliminating physician choice
Authors: Jaeger Cassie , Sullivan Paul , Waymack James , Griffen David Griffen
Published: October 2017

Background Amylase and lipase, pancreatic biomarkers, are measured in acute pancreatitis diagnosis. Since amylase testing does not add diagnostic value, lipase testing alone is recommended. Despite new recommendations, many physicians and staff continue to test both amylase and lipase.Objective To reduce unnecessary diagnostic testing in acute pancreatitis.Methods The pre-checked amylase test within the Emergency Department’s Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE) abdominal pain order set was changed to an un-checked state, but kept as an option to order with a single click. Amylase testing, lipase testing and cost were measured for one year pre and post intervention.Results Simple de-selection intervention reduced redundant amylase testing from 71% to 9%, resulting in a percent of decrease of 87% and an annualized saving of approximately $719,000 in charges.Conclusion CPOE de-selection is an effective tool to reduce non-value added activity and reduce cost while maintaining quality patient care and physician choice.
La música popular argentina entre el campo y la ciudad: música campera, criolla, nativa, folklórica, canción federal y tango
Authors: Chindemi Julia , Vila Pablo
Published: October 2017

En la primera parte del siglo XX el tango funcionó como un importante artefacto cultural en defensa de la integración a la nación de los nuevos inmigrantes europeos. Hasta que logró su hegemonía a finales de la década de 1930, el tango compartió popularidad con la llamada “canción criolla”, la cual compitió comercialmente con gran éxito hasta mediados de los años treinta. Este tipo de música era la música tradicional del gaucho, que, si bien estaba desapareciendo físicamente del campo, fue simbólicamente reinstalado como núcleo de la nacionalidad argentina por el movimiento “criollista”, promovido por la élite argentina. En esos años el tango mezclaba constantemente, y de manera muy compleja, lo que, hoy en día (pero no necesariamente en los veinte y los treinta), definiríamos como música citadina y música campera, que era la canción popular en la ciudad de Buenos Aires y en la provincia del mismo nombre, que para la época estaban, culturalmente y desde el punto de vista identitario, mucho más relacionadas que lo que están hoy día. El artículo propone una imagen bastante distante de cierta interpretacion popular que plantea una especie de evolución lineal que va de lo criollo al tango entre el diez y el veinte.palavras-chave: tango; música criolla; identidad porteña.
A folclorização do samba carioca: memória, história e identidade
Authors: Garcia Tânia Da Costa
Published: October 2017

Em nações mais novas, como as americanas, paralelamente ao repertório popular-rural definido como folclore nacional, a música popular urbana difundida pelos meios de comunicação, passou a disputar espaço entre os elementos formadores da nacionalidade. Para sua legitimação como representação do nacional, foi preciso folclorizála, inventar-lhe uma tradição. Este artigo analisa como se processou no Brasil, em três momento do século XX, essa operação de consagração do samba carioca como símbolo de brasilidade. Inicialmente, de maneira menos programática, pelos memorialistas na década de 1930; em seguida, entre os anos 1940 e 1950, pela formalização do discurso de preservação e nacionalização do passado musical carioca, com os militantes da tradição; e, finalmente, nas décadas de 1970 e 1980, com o Departamento de Música Popular da Funarte, durante a gestão de Hermínio Bello de Carvalho, o samba é chancelado oficialmente como expressaão da cultura brasileira.Palavras-chave: música popular urbana; folclorização; samba carioca.
Negociaciones identitarias en la industria de la música popular: la evolución del repertorio de un cantante del folklore argentino
Authors: Kaliman Ricardo J.
Published: October 2017

La incorporación de“Amor salvaje”, a mediados de los 1990, supuso una ruptura en la estructura hasta entonces predominante en el repertorio del Chaqueño Palavecino y acompañó el momento de su consagración como estrella en el marco de la industria del folklore musical argentino. En este trabajo, se abona la hipótesis de que la pieza marcó el comienzo de una negociación entre el perfil criollista y tradicional y las apetencias de un público más amplio. Antes de examinar las significaciones de las transformaciones que la canción implicaba en su género musical, por un lado, y en el tono y los presupuestos morales de su letra, por otro, se da cuenta brevemente de los rasgos históricos del discurso identitario criollista y del modo particular en que este es adoptado en la imagen y la práctica del Chaqueño Palavecino.Palavras-chave: folklore argentino; Chaqueño Palavecino; industria cultural.
Uma história cultural do cinema: Sylvio Back e os anos 1960 em Curitiba
Authors: Morettin Eduardo
Published: October 2017

Rosane Kaminski, em seu livro A formação de um cineasta: Sylvio Back na cena cultural de Curitiba nos anos 1960, recupera um aspecto menos conhecido da faceta pública do diretor, marcada por filmes como Aleluia, Gretchen (1976), República Guarani (1981), Rádio Auriverde (1990) e Lost Zweig (2002), dentre inúmeras obras que poderiam ser aqui evocadas. A autora se detém, como o título indica, sobre os momentos de sua formação em Curitiba, sua inserção nos debates culturais de época como crítico e cineclubista, a realização de seus primeiros curtas e a história que Lance maior (1968), longa de estreia de Back, nos permite entrever de sua época.
Корректность задач Дирихле и Пуанкаре в многомерной области для одного класса гиперболических уравнений
Authors: Алдашев Серик Аймурзаевич , Aldashev Serik Aimurzaevich
Published: October 2017

В ранних работах автора изучены задачи Дирихле и Пуанкаре для многомерных гиперболических уравнений, где показана корректность этих задач в цилиндрических областях, существенно зависящая от высоты рассматриваемой цилиндрической области.
В данной статье рассматривается многомерная область внутри характеристического конуса, в которой задачи Дирихле и Пуанкаре имеют единственные решения для одного класса гиперболических уравнений.
Об эффекте «расщепления» для многоточечных дифференциальных операторов с суммируемым потенциалом
Authors: Митрохин Сергей Иванович , Mitrokhin Sergei Ivanovich
Published: October 2017

Изучается дифференциальный оператор четвeртого порядка с многоточечными граничными условиями. Потенциал дифференциального оператора является суммируемой функцией на конечном отрезке. При больших значениях спектрального параметра найдена асимптотика решений дифференциального уравнения, задающего дифференциальный оператор. На основе изучения граничных условий выведено уравнение на собственные значения изучаемого оператора. Параметры граничных условий подобраны таким образом, что в главном приближении уравнение на собственные значения имеет кратные корни. Автором показано, что у исследуемого оператора наблюдается эффект «расщепления» кратных в главном приближении собственных значений. Выведены все серии однократных собственных значений изучаемого оператора. Изучена индикаторная диаграмма рассматриваемого оператора. Найдена асимптотика собственных значений во всех секторах индикаторной диаграммы. Полученной точности асимптотических формул достаточно для нахождения асимптотики собственных функций исследуемого дифференциального оператора.
Применение метода возмущений при определении напряженно-деформированного состояния двухслойного слабоанизотропного стержня некругового поперечного сечения при упругопластическом кручении
Authors: Ковалев Алексей Викторович , Kovalev Alexey Victorovich , Свиридов Илья Эдуардович , Sviridov Ilya Eduardovich , Щеглова Юлия Дмитриевна , Scheglova Yulia Dmitrievna
Published: October 2017

Рассматривается задача упругопластического кручения двухслойного слабоанизотропного стержня некругового поперечного сечения. Поперечное сечение представляет собой двухсвязную область. Стержень ориентирован в цилиндрической системе координат так, что ось $Z$ направлена по оси стержня. Влияние массовых сил не учитывается. Cтержень закручивается вокруг оси $Z$ равными и противоположными парами сил. Предполагается, что боковая поверхность стержня свободна от нагрузок. Значение момента имеет такую величину, при которой в некоторых частях поперечного сечения материал переходит в пластическое состояние и образуются пластические зоны. Распространение пластического течения происходит от внешнего контура внутрь сечения. Предполагается, что значение момента такое, что пластическая область целиком охватывает внешний контур поперечного сечения и существует упругопластическая граница, которая расположена между внутренним контуром и границей раздела слоев. Предполагается, что внешний и внутренний слои обладают свойствами анизотропии, частными случаями которых являются анизотропия согласно Хиллу и трансляционная анизотропия. Каждый из слоев имеет свои параметры анизотропии. С помощью метода малого параметра определены напряженно-деформированное состояние и упругопластическая граница в первом приближении.
О методе ортогональных проекций в теории упругости
Authors: Стружанов Валерий Владимирович , Struzhanov Valerii Vladimirovich
Published: October 2017

Метод ортогональных проекций применен к решению задач по определению напряжений в упругих деформируемых телах, что позволило ослабить требования к гладкости функций, задающих внешние усилия, и к компонентам тензора первоначальных деформаций, которые вызывают появление уравновешенных собственных напряжений. Приведены примеры расчета закалочных напряжений в круговом цилиндре и остаточных напряжений после усадки связующего в композитном цилиндре, изготовленном методом намотки.
На приведенных примерах показана эффективность метода ортогональных проекций для получения, по крайней мере, обобщенных решений краевых задач теории упругости по определению напряженного состояния деформируемых тел.
On the solution of fluid flow and heat transfer problem in a 2D channel with backward-facing step
Authors: Fomin Alexander Arkad'ievich , Fomina Lyubov' Nikolayevna
Published: October 2017

В работе рассмотрены устойчивые стационарные решения задачи гидродинамики и теплообмена в плоском канале с обратным уступом для экстремально больших чисел Рейнольдса и параметра расширения потока $ER$. Задача решена путем численного интегрирования двумерных уравнений Навье--Стокса в переменных «скорость--давление» и уравнения баланса тепла в диапазоне чисел Рейнольдса $500 \leqslant \mathrm{ Re }\leqslant 3000$ и параметра расширения потока $1.43 \leqslant ER \leqslant 10$ для числа Прандтля $\mathrm{Pr} = 0.71$. Достоверность полученных результатов подтверждена их сравнением с литературными данными. Представлены подробные картины течения и перегрева потока, а также профили продольной компоненты скорости и перегрева в поперечном сечении канала. Проанализировано поведение коэффициентов трения, сопротивления и теплоотдачи (числа Нуссельта) по длине канала в зависимости от параметров задачи.
Design Crowdsourcing: The Impact on New Product Performance of Sourcing Design Solutions from the “Crowd”
Authors: Allen B.J. , Chandrasekaran Deepa , Basuroy Suman
Published: October 2017

The authors examine an increasingly popular open innovation practice, “design crowdsourcing,” wherein firms seek external inputs in the form of functional design solutions for new product development from the “crowd.” They investigate conditions under which managers crowdsource design and determine whether such decisions subsequently boost product sales. The empirical analysis is guided by qualitative insights gathered from executive interviews. The authors use a novel data set from a pioneering crowdsourcing firm and find that three concept design characteristics—perceived usability, reliability, and technical complexity—are associated with the decision to crowdsource design. They use an instrumental variable method accounting for the endogenous nature of crowdsourcing decisions to understand when such a decision affects downstream sales. The authors find that design crowdsourcing is positively related to unit sales and that this effect is moderated by the idea quality of the initial product concept. Using a change-score analysis of consumer ratings, they find that design crowdsourcing enhances perceived reliability and usability. They discuss the strategic implications of involving the crowd, beyond ideation, in helping transform ideas into effective products.
A Theory of Customer Valuation: Concepts, Metrics, Strategy, and Implementation
Authors: Kumar V.
Published: October 2017

Customer value refers to the economic value of the customer's relationship with the firm. This study approaches the topic of customer value for measuring, managing, and maximizing customer contributions by proposing a customer valuation theory (CVT) based on economic principles that conceptualizes the generation of value from customers to firms. The author reviews the established economic theories for valuing investor assets (e.g., stocks) and draws a comparison to valuing customer contributions. Furthermore, the author recognizes the differences in the guiding principles between valuing stocks and valuing customers in proposing CVT. Using CVT, the author discusses the concept of customer lifetime value (CLV) as the metric that can provide a reliable, forward-looking estimate of direct customer value. In addition, economic models to estimate CLV, ways to manage CLV using portfolio management principles, and strategies to maximize CLV are discussed in detail. The author extends the customer value concept by discussing ways that a customer can add value to the firm indirectly through incentivized referrals, social media influence, and feedback. Finally, the benefits of CVT to multiple constituencies are offered.
Tudor-SN protein expression in colorectal cancer and its association with clinical characteristics
Authors: Zhu Weifang , Tan Shiyun
Published: October 2017

Objectives

Tudor-SN protein (SND1) is known to be up-regulated in some types of human malignancies and functions as an oncogene. The objective of our study was to investigate the expression and prognostic value of SND1 in human colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods

Real-time PCR and western blot were performed to examine the SND1 expression in human CRC and their corresponding non-cancerous colon tissues from 42 patients. Its clinical significance was evaluated by analyzing its expression with multiple pathological characters of CRC patients. Finally, a Kaplan-Meier survival curve was derived for SND1 gene expression among these CRC patients.

Results

We found a significantly increased expression of SND1 mRNA and protein in tissue samples of CRC when compared to those in the paired normal adjacent colon tissues. High SND1 expression was positively correlated with higher tumor grades, aggressive N1+N2 nodal status and poor differentiation. Additionally, the overall survival rate in CRC patients with higher expression of SND1 was significantly shorter than that with lower SND1 expression.

Conclusion

Our findings suggested that SND1 might act as an important agent in the CRC carcinogenesis and predicted worse outcomes. The high expression of SND1 could be used as a novel predictive and prognostic marker of CRC.
Interactions between kelp spores and encrusting and articulated corallines: recruitment challenges for Lessonia spicata
Authors: Parada Gloria M. , Martínez Enrique A. , Aguilera Moisés A. , Oróstica Mauricio H. , Broitman Bernardo R.
Published: October 2017

Intertidal kelps like
Binding of bromocresol green and bromocresol purple to albumin in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Delanghe Sigurd , Biesen Wim Van , Velde Nadeige Van de , Eloot Sunny , Pletinck Anneleen , Schepers Eva , Glorieux Griet , Delanghe Joris R. , Speeckaert Marijn M.
Published: October 2017

Background:

Colorimetric albumin assays based on binding to bromocresol purple (BCP) and bromocresol green (BCG) yield different results in chronic kidney disease. Altered dye binding of carbamylated albumin has been suggested as a cause. In the present study, a detailed analysis was carried out in which uremic toxins, acute phase proteins and Kt/V, a parameter describing hemodialysis efficiency, were compared with colorimetrically assayed (BCP and BCG) serum albumin.

Methods:

Albumin was assayed using immunonephelometry on a BN II nephelometer and colorimetrically based on, respectively, BCP and BCG on a Modular P analyzer. Uremic toxins were assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Acute phase proteins (C-reactive protein and α1-acid glycoprotein) and plasma protein α2-macroglobulin were assayed nephelometrically. In parallel, Kt/V was calculated.

Results:

Sixty-two serum specimens originating from hemodialysis patients were analyzed. Among the uremic toxins investigated, total para-cresyl sulfate (PCS) showed a significant positive correlation with the BCP/BCG ratio. The serum α1-acid glycoprotein concentration correlated negatively with the BCP/BCG ratio. The BCP/BCG ratio showed also a negative correlation with Kt/V.

Conclusions:

In renal insufficiency, the BCP/BCG ratio of serum albumin is affected by multiple factors: next to carbamylation, uremic toxins (total PCS) and α1-acid glycoprotein also play a role.
The quasi-arithmetic means and Cartan barycenters of compactly supported measures
Authors: Kim Sejong
Published: October 2017

Since positive definite Hermitian matrices have become fundamental objects in many areas, a variety of theoretical and computational research topics have been arisen.
Especially, the average of positive definite matrices is a very important notion to see the central tendency of objects.
There are many different kinds of averages for a finite number of positive definite matrices such as quasi-arithmetic means, power means and Cartan barycenters.
We generalize these averages to the setting of positive definite matrices equipped with probability measures of compact support, and show the monotonicity of quasi-arithmetic means for parameters

≥
1

{\geq 1}

, and connections with inequalities between quasi-arithmetic means and power means, and between quasi-arithmetic means and Cartan barycenters.
Hydrodeoxygenation of fatty acid methyl ester in gas oil blend–NiMoS/alumina catalyst
Authors: Palanisamy Shanmugam , Gevert Börje S.
Published: October 2017

Hydrotreating of 10% fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) blended in gas oil was carried out by an NiMo-S/alumina catalyst and performed at an elevated temperature (300–400°C), a space velocity of 0.7–1.5 1/h and pressure 5 MPa. The gas oil was a straight run North Sea crude oil containing 295 ppm sulfur content which was desulfurized in a hydrotreating upgrading process. The physicochemical properties following hydroprocessing of FAME showed that sulfur content was reduced to 3 ppmw, with an increase in aromatic content and cloud point. It was confirmed that decarboxylation depends on temperature and space velocity and decarbonylation depends on temperature, but not on space velocity of feed. High sulfur content in the feedstock supports slow deactivation of the catalyst and low coke formation.
Strong edge geodetic problem in networks
Authors: Manuel Paul , Klavžar Sandi , Xavier Antony , Arokiaraj Andrew , Thomas Elizabeth
Published: October 2017

Geodesic covering problems form a widely researched topic in graph theory. One such problem is geodetic problem introduced by Harary et al. [Math. Comput. Modelling, 1993, 17, 89-95]. Here we introduce a variation of the geodetic problem and call it strong edge geodetic problem. We illustrate how this problem is evolved from social transport networks. It is shown that the strong edge geodetic problem is NP-complete. We derive lower and upper bounds for the strong edge geodetic number and demonstrate that these bounds are sharp. We produce exact solutions for trees, block graphs, silicate networks and glued binary trees without randomization.
Ricci solitons on almost Kenmotsu 3-manifolds
Authors: Wang Yaning
Published: October 2017

Let (M3, g) be an almost Kenmotsu 3-manifold such that the Reeb vector field is an eigenvector field of the Ricci operator. In this paper, we prove that if g represents a Ricci soliton whose potential vector field is orthogonal to the Reeb vector field, then M3 is locally isometric to either the hyperbolic space ℍ3(−1) or a non-unimodular Lie group equipped with a left invariant non-Kenmotsu almost Kenmotsu structure. In particular, when g represents a gradient Ricci soliton whose potential vector field is orthogonal to the Reeb vector field, then M3 is locally isometric to either ℍ3(−1) or ℍ2(−4) × ℝ.
Synthesis of Nanostructured Tin Oxide by Sol–Gel and Sonochemical Approaches in an Ionic Liquid
Authors: Farag Hala K. , Abbas Hussein
Published: October 2017

The present paper shows a comparative study on the synthesis of nanostructured tin oxide in the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethylsulfonate ([EMIm]TfO) by sol–gel and sonochemical methods. The XRD results of the synthesized materials revealed the formation of single tetragonal phase of SnO2 by sol–gel method whereas a mixture of tetragonal SnO and orthorhombic SnO2 phases was obtained by the sonochemical method. The sonochemical approach led to the formation of finer nanoparticales with a higher specific surface area than that of the sol–gel synthesized oxide. The average sizes of tin oxide nanoparticles were found to be about 30 nm and 15 nm for the particles obtained by sol–gel and sonochemical methods, respectively. The surface area of SnO2 nanopowder obtained by the sol–gel method (calcined at 500 °C) was estimated to be 11.6 m2 g−1, and the mean pore diameter was found to be 6.33 nm. Whereas the mixed SnO/SnO2 sample (calcined at 500 °C) obtained by the sonochemical method exhibited a higher surface area of 43.11 m2 g−1 and an average pore diameter of 1.90 nm. The band gap of the synthesized tin oxides was estimated from the UV-vis. results to be 4.01 and 4.25 eV for the sol–gel and sonochemically synthesized samples, respectively.
Investigating the Impact of Jury Sentencing Recommendations Using Procedural Justice Theory
Authors: Ribeiro Gianni , Antrobus Emma
Published: October 2017

Public confidence in the criminal justice system is critical for the system to function effectively. Two studies investigated the impact of jury sentencing recommendations on public confidence using procedural justice theory. The first study (N = 80) manipulated the presence of jury involvement in sentencing (voice present versus voice absent) and the punitiveness of the minimum non-parole period (more punitive versus less punitive) to examine whether giving juries a “voice”—a key element of procedural justice—would increase public confidence in the courts, as well as perceptions of fairness and legitimacy. Contrary to predictions, results revealed that a more punitive sentence led to increased perceptions of legitimacy, which was associated with higher confidence. The second study (N = 60) examined whether manipulating the Judge’s agreement with the jury’s recommendation—as well as the Judge’s reason for disagreement—would elicit the “frustration effect,” leading to a decrease in confidence and perceptions of fairness and legitimacy. There was no evidence to suggest that the frustration effect was present. Results of both studies could suggest that jury sentencing recommendations may not effectively increase public confidence and perceptions of fairness and legitimacy in the courts, however alternate explanations are discussed.
Confronting Political Disagreement about Sentencing
Authors: Mayer Seth , Patti F. Italia
Published: October 2017

There is broad agreement that the American criminal sentencing system is deeply flawed, yet current theoretical frameworks for sentencing have failed to offer a way forward for reform. These frameworks have not faced up to political disagreement over sentencing. Instead, they either try to impose disputed moral theories (such as retributivism or consequentialism), or they downplay normative considerations and seek to impose numerically consistent, rather than normatively justified, sentences. That is, the first, moral approach tries to impose a specific moral view in spite of disagreement, while the second, empirical approach tries and fails to repress disagreement and normative debate. The failures of both approaches are in evidence in the process that led to the development of the United States Sentencing Guidelines.

A framework for sentencing that directly and effectively confronts political disagreement is necessary. This Article is the first to offer such a framework. It draws on deliberative democratic conceptions of legitimacy to develop a framework for sentencing that addresses disagreement. Deliberative democracy offers a normatively grounded approach to managing disagreement through collective reasoning, which aims to place the legal system under public control. This Article articulates criteria for evaluating legal systems from the perspective of a particular conception of deliberative democratic legitimacy. In light of these criteria, it offers reforms to enable the current system to better embody deliberative democracy, to confront political disagreement over sentencing, and to improve the troubled sentencing system through public reasoning.
Ketosis-prone diabetes and SLE co-presenting in an African lady with previous gestational diabetes
Authors: Hussain S , Keat S , Gelding S V
Published: October 2017

We describe the case of an African woman who was diagnosed with ketosis-prone diabetes with diabetes-associated autoantibodies, after being admitted for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) precipitated by her first presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). She had a seven-year history of recurrent gestational diabetes (GDM) not requiring insulin therapy, with return to normoglycaemia after each pregnancy. This might have suggested that she had now developed type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the diagnosis of SLE prompted testing for an autoimmune aetiology for the diabetes, and she was found to have a very high titre of GAD antibodies. Typical type 1 diabetes (T1D) was thought unlikely due to the long preceding history of GDM. Latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA) was considered, but ruled out as she required insulin therapy from diagnosis. The challenge of identifying the type of diabetes when clinical features overlap the various diabetes categories is discussed. This is the first report of autoimmune ketosis-prone diabetes (KPD) presenting with new onset of SLE.

Learning points:

DKA may be the first presentation of a multi-system condition and a precipitating cause should always be sought, particularly in women with a history of GDM or suspected T2D.

All women with GDM should undergo repeat glucose tolerance testing postpartum to exclude frank diabetes, even when post-delivery capillary blood glucose (CBG) tests are normal. They should also be advised to continue CBG monitoring during acute illness in case of new onset diabetes.

KPD comprises a spectrum of diabetes syndromes that present with DKA, but subsequently have a variable course depending on the presence or absence of beta cell failure and/or diabetes autoantibodies.

KPD should be considered in a patient with presumed T2D presenting with DKA, especially if there is a personal or family history of autoimmune diabetes.

LADA should be suspected in adults presumed to have T2D, who do not require insulin therapy for at least six months after diagnosis and have anti-GAD antibodies.

Patients with autoimmune diabetes have an increased risk of other autoimmune diseases and screening for thyroid, parietal cell, coeliac and antinuclear antibodies should be considered.
MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Maternal thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and behavioural and psychiatric disorders of children: a systematic review
Authors: Fetene Dagnachew Muluye , Betts Kim S , Alati Rosa
Published: October 2017

Background

Maternal thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy may lead to persistent neurodevelopmental disorders in the offspring appearing in later life. This study aimed to review the available evidence concerning the relationship between maternal thyroid status during pregnancy and offspring behavioural and psychiatric disorders.

Methods

Systematic electronic database searches were conducted using PubMed, Embase, PsycNET, Scopus, Google Scholar and Cochrane library. Studies including gestational thyroid dysfunction as the exposure and offspring behavioural and psychiatric disorders as the outcome were included. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was followed and, after thorough screening by two independent reviewers, 13 articles remained eligible for inclusion in this study.

Results

Indicators of maternal thyroid dysfunction, including low and high thyroid hormone level and autoimmune thyroiditis, during early pregnancy, were found to be associated with several offspring behavioural and psychiatric disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism, pervasive developmental problems, externalising behaviour, in addition to epilepsy and seizure. The majority of associations were found with low maternal thyroid hormone level.

Conclusion

Maternal thyroid function during pregnancy, particularly hypothyroidism, is associated with behavioural and psychiatric disorders in children. Further studies are needed with a capacity to adjust for a fuller range of confounding factors.
The evolution of interferon-tau
Authors: Ealy Alan D , Wooldridge Lydia K
Published: October 2017

Thirty years ago, a novel type I interferon (IFN) was identified by molecular cloning of cDNA libraries constructed from RNA extracted from ovine and bovine pre-implantation embryos. This protein was eventually designated as IFN-tau (IFNT) to highlight its trophoblast-dependent expression. IFNT function is not immune related. Instead, it interacts with the maternal system to initiate the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. This activity is indispensable for the continuation of pregnancy. Our review will describe howIFNTevolved from other type I IFNs to function in this new capacity.IFNTgenes have only been identified in pecoran ruminants within the Artiodactyla order (e.g. cattle, sheep, goats, deer, antelope, giraffe). The ancestralIFNTgene emerged approximately 36 million years ago most likely from rearrangement and/or insertion events that combined an ancestral IFN-omega (IFNW) gene with a trophoblast-specifying promoter/enhancer. Since then,IFNTgenes have duplicated, likely through conversion events, and mutations have allowed them to adapt to their new function in concert with the emergence of different species. MultipleIFNTpolymorphisms have been identified in cattle, sheep and goats. These genes and gene alleles encode proteins that do not display identical antiviral, antiproliferative and antiluteolytic activities. The need for multipleIFNTgenes, numerous alleles and distinct activities remains debatable, but the consensus is that this complexity inIFNTexpression and biological activity must be needed to provide the best opportunity for pregnancy to be recognized by the maternal system so that gestation may continue.
Frontmatter
Authors: Staff Editorial
Published: October 2017

frontmatter
Commonwealth Matters
Authors: Leckrone J. Wesley
Published: October 2017

“COMMONWEALTH Matters” provides an overview of the articles in issue 19:2, information about subscribing to the journal, and an announcement of the 2018 publication of State of the Commonwealth: Annual Review of Pennsylvania Politics and Policy.
The 2016 Pennsylvania Presidential and U.S. Senate Elections: Breaking Pennsylvania’s Electoral Habits
Authors: Yost Berwood , Redman Jackie , Thompson Scottie
Published: October 2017

This article uses pre-election survey data, post-election survey data, and voter registration and election data to interpret the outcomes of the 2016 presidential and U.S. Senate races in Pennsylvania. This analysis shows how changes in voter registration and voter turnout in specific areas of the Commonwealth, driven in large part by less-educated voters, those dissatisfied with the current direction of the country, and the performance of the incumbent president, explain the 2016 election results.
Is This the Care We Need?: An Examination of Childcare Policy in Pennsylvania
Authors: Sweet-Cushman Jennie , Harden Ashley
Published: October 2017

For many families across Pennsylvania, child care is an ever-present concern. Since the 1970s, when Richard Nixon vetoed a national childcare program, child care has received little time in the policy spotlight. Instead, funding for child care in the United States now comes from a mixture of federal, state, and local programs that do not help all families. This article explores childcare options available to families in the state of Pennsylvania and highlights gaps in the current system. Specifically, we examine the state of child care available to families in the Commonwealth in terms of quality, accessibility, flexibility, and affordability. We also incorporate survey data from a nonrepresentative sample of registered Pennsylvania voters conducted by the Pennsylvania Center for Women and Politics. As these results support the need for improvements in the current childcare system, we discuss recommendations for the future.
Book Reviews
Authors: Treadway Jack , Maierean Andreea
Published: October 2017

This section includes two book reviews: The first is Jack Treadway’s review of David Daley’s Ratf**cked: The True Story behind the Secret Plan to Steal America’s Democracy. The second is Andreea Maierean’s review of Walter M. Brasch’s Fracking America: Sacrificing Health and the Environment for Short-Term Economic Benefit.
Exposure assessment of carbon nanotubes at pilot factory focusing on quantitative determination of catalytic metals
Authors: Kato Nobuyuki , Nagaya Taiki , Matsui Yasuto , Yoneda Minoru
Published: October 2017

Objectives

The application of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) currently extends to various fields. However, it has been reported that exposure to CNT causes hazardous effects on animals and cells. The purpose of this study was to quantify the exposure to MWCNT in MWCNT/polymer composites for exposure assessment. We focused on catalytic metals included in the MWCNT and the diameter of dust released during the working processes. Although the Co in MWCNTs is not a common catalyst, it was used as a tracer in this study.

Methods

A field survey was conducted in a MWCNT/polymer composite pilot factory. Airborne MWCNTs were monitored using black carbon monitors (BCMs) and optical particle sizers (OPSs) and collected on a filter. The MWCNT powder, all polymer resins used during the working processes, and the filter were analyzed in our lab using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and electron microscopic observation.

Results

The mean concentration of airborne MWCNT contained in the collected dust was 0.92 μg/m3 a few meters away from the extruder during the working processes (using elemental analysis). The maximum concentration measured using BCMs was shown to be seven times higher than the base concentration during the pelletizing process of polycarbonate (PC) and MWCNT composites. However, free, isolated, and unbound agglomerated MWCNTs were not detected using scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observation.

Conclusions

The result obtained by elemental analysis indicated it was possible to quantify MWCNT in composites. The mean concentration at this factory was lower than the recommended exposure limit. However, additional studies during the pelletizing process are required in the future.
Measurement of nanoparticle exposure in crematoriums and estimation of respiratory deposition of the nanoparticles by number and size distribution
Authors: Kato Nobuyuki , Mastui Yasuto , Takaoka Masaki , Yoneda Minoru
Published: October 2017

Objectives

Nanoparticles (NPs), including hazardous substances, are generated in crematoriums due to the high temperatures during the combustion process. NPs are reported to greatly impact animals’ health by reaching the alveoli and being carried to the entire body through the blood stream. However, studies in crematoriums have yet to assess workers’ exposure to the generated NPs. The purpose of this study is to assess workers’ exposure to NPs released in crematoriums.

Methods

Field surveys were conducted in three crematoriums with an emphasis on cremation, bone rearrangement and cleaning processes. The NP concentrations and size distributions were analyzed. The deposition of NPs in each respiratory region during each working process was calculated based on the measured data using the Human Respiratory Tract Model.

Results

The mean particle number concentration was maximized momentarily during the bone rearrangement process. The concentration at the time a crematory’s door was opened was 500,000 particle/cm3. NPs aggregated to micro-sized particles within a few minutes, dust generated by the bone rearrangement, or both. As a result of model calculation, the mean ratios (alveolar per the other regions by a crematory) were approximately 3.0 (bronchus and bronchioles regions: except for the first survey in crematorium A which had the obstruction of measurement) and 4.3 (extrathoracic airways). The ratios were similar for all crematoriums.

Conclusions

These results can be used for health risk assessments in crematoriums. In addition, these results should be applicable to estimate the inhalation unit risk of each respiratory organ such as lungs and nose.
The reciprocal relationship between sickness presenteeism and psychological distress in response to job stressors: evidence from a three-wave cohort study
Authors: Oshio Takashi , Tsutsumi Akizumi , Inoue Akiomi , Suzuki Tomoko , Miyaki Koichi
Published: October 2017

Objectives

Sickness presenteeism (SP) is postulated as workers’ response to their general state of health; hence, SP is expected to affect workers’ future health. In the present study, we examined the reciprocal relationship between SP and health in response to job stressors, with specific reference to psychological distress (PD) as workers’ state of health.

Methods

We conducted mediation analysis, using data from a three-wave cohort occupational survey conducted at 1-year intervals in Japan; it involved 1,853 employees (1,661 men and 192 women) of a manufacturing firm. We measured SP and PD, using the World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire and Kessler 6 score, respectively. For job stressors, we considered job demands and control, effort and reward, and procedural and interactional justice.

Results

PD mediated 11.5%-36.2% of the impact of job control, reward, and procedural and interactional justice on SP, whereas SP mediated their impact on PD, albeit to a much lesser extent in the range of 3.4%-11.3%. Unlike in the cases of these job stressors related to job resources, neither SP nor PD mediated the impact of job demands or effort.

Conclusions

Our results confirmed the reciprocal relationship between SP and PD in response to selected types of job stressors, emphasizing the need for more in-depth analysis of the dynamics of these associations.
Flow Processing as a Tool for API Production in Developing Economies
Authors: de Souza Rodrigo O. M. A. , Watts Paul
Published: October 2017

In this perspective article, the use of continuous flow synthesis to prepare advanced pharmaceutical intermediates in developing economies is highlighted. Case studies are presented to suggest that cost effective local manufacture of life saving drugs, may potentially be implemented to facilitate better access to drugs to the underprivileged.
Providing an Effective and Affective Learning Environment for Spanish Phonetics with a Hypermedia Application
Authors: Hwu Fenfang
Published: October 2017

Textbooks and audiocassettes have long been the only devices used to support Spanish phonetics learning even though they are not especially effective in (a) assisting some aspects of Spanish phonetics learning, (b) positively influencing affective variables such as self-confidence and motivation, and (c) reducing cognitive loads required by the multiple encoded language used in the learning process. Without appropriate teaching materials, the instructional focus of Spanish phonetics has been restricted to the intellectual comprehension of the subject. As a result, the essential goal of the course--to encourage and to help students develop a deep understanding of speech--has been overlooked. However, the use of certain features of hypermedia computer technology now makes it possible to create an environment that not only addresses the different needs of students but also helps them to develop an introspective awareness of speech. This writer integrated various features of advanced authoring systems to create the prototype of a Spanish phonetics application. The objectives of this project were to remedy the inadequacy of traditional Spanish phonetics methodology and to meet the various needs of the diverse student population taking Spanish phonetics at the university level.
A Preliminary Inquiry Into Using Corpus Word Frequency Data in the Automatic Generation of English Language Cloze Tests
Authors: Coniam David
Published: October 2017

This paper outlines how a multiple choice vocabulary cloze test can be produced from a text. The process described involves assigning word class tags to the text and then retrieving word frequencies for the words in the text from an analyzed corpus. The system allows for the creation of three types of test--one based on the "nth-word deletion" principle, one based on user-specified frequency ranges, and one based on a particular word class. After the user's selection, word class and word frequency of each test item key are matched with similar word class and word frequency options to construct the test items. Analysis of tests produced by the system and administered to students indicates the potential of the computer aided test system, although the three test production modes are not equally successful in their production of "acceptable" test items with the nth-word deletion mode producing considerably fewer acceptable items than the two language oriented test production modes of specified word frequency ranges and particular word classes. The paper concludes with a discussion of the extent to which good test material can be realistically produced by computer aided systems and the different computer tools which may be of use in the process.
Moving from Instruction to Learning with Technology: Where's the Content? CALICO '97 KEYNOTE ADDRESS
Authors: Moeller Aleidine
Published: October 2017

The following article is a revised version of the keynote address given by Aleidine Moeller at CALICO '97 at the United States Military Academy, West Point, New York.
An Analysis of Student Behavior and Error Sources in an Italian CALL Context
Authors: Sinyor Roberta
Published: October 2017

This paper describes several sources of errors that students of Italian make and some of the problem solving behaviors they adopt when doing drill-and-practice exercises on direct and indirect object pronouns and the present perfect tense. While some of the error sources are well known to Italian instructors, an unexpected source is identified. The study also reveals a problem-solving behavior not found in the traditional learning environment and reports on the results of a survey completed by students at the end of an intermediate-level course. Lastly, avenues for future research are suggested.