bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of dispersion and attenuation with a unified multiscale model in porous medium containing saturated fluid and multiscale fractures
Authors: Li Xiaobin , Yan Jianguo
Published: January 2023

To analyze seismic wave field characteristics and characterize fracture (or crack) reservoirs, it is essential to build proper wave-induced fluid flow (WIFF) models of various scales. There is much research related to WIFF fractured models that are mainly suitable only for different scales of fracture (crack) medium separately, such as microscopic cracks and mesoscopic fractures. Based on previous research, it is proposed a unified multiscale (mesoscopic and microscopic) dispersion and attenuation model for the medium with fractures, cracks, pores, and fluid. The formulation uses frequency-dependent fractured (or crack) parameters expressed as the form of multiplication of fracture parameters and relaxation function. The advantage of this method is that it is convenient to build fluid porous medium with different scale fractures (or cracks) and various fracture (or crack) configurations. The numerical simulation results prove the correctness and applicability of the proposed extended WIFF dispersion and attenuation model. Based on our proposed method, the characteristics of the dispersion and attenuation of the multiscale fractured model are analyzed. The results indicate that the characteristics of velocity dispersion and wave attenuation in the medium with different scales of fractures are similar. The velocity increases with frequency and finally tends to be stable. The main difference among the different scales of models is that the frequency bands of the dispersion and attenuation occurring are different. We also discover that for multiscale fractured medium, the characteristic frequency and attenuation peaks do not necessarily correspond to each other, which makes the analysis of the dispersion and attenuation more complicated.
Seismic spatially variant noise suppression method in the Tarim Basin based on FFDNet and transfer learning
Authors: Yan Tingshang , Dai Yongshou , Wan Yong , Sun Weifeng , Han Haoyu
Published: January 2023

Due to a complex geologic structure and ultradeep reservoir location, noise distribution of prestack seismic data in the Tarim Basin is nonuniform. However, most of the current seismic random noise suppression methods lack the flexibility to deal with spatially variant random noise. To address this issue, we have developed an intelligent denoising method for seismic spatially variant random noise and applied it in the Tarim Basin. On the basis of denoising convolutional neural network (DnCNN), we add an extra channel to the input and introduce a tunable noise level map as input. The noise level map has the same dimensions as the input noisy seismic data, and each element in the noise level map corresponds to a denoising level. By adjusting the noise level map, a single model can handle noise with different levels as well as spatially variant noise. Due to the lack of labeled field data in the Tarim Basin, we introduce a transfer learning scheme that transfers features of effective signals learned from synthetic data to the denoiser for field data. The network learns the general and invariant features of an effective signal from a large number of easily obtained synthetic data and then learns the real effective signal characteristics from a small amount of approximately clean field data in the target area by fine-tuning. The processing results of synthetic and field data demonstrate that, compared with f- x deconvolution, dictionary learning, and DnCNN, our method exhibits high effectiveness in suppressing spatially variant random noise and preserves effective signals better.
Empathy and the work of clinical psychiatrists: narrative review
Authors: Barrera Alvaro , de La Motte de Broöns de Vauvert Saïk J. G. N.
Published: January 2023

Clinical research suggests that empathy is associated with better clinical outcomes in various areas of medical care, raising the question of whether a similar effect occurs in psychiatry. The aim of this review is to explore philosophical, neuroscientific and psychological perspectives on the concept of empathy in the context of the day-to-day work of clinical psychiatrists. The definition of empathy is outlined and sociodemographic factors, working conditions and psychiatrists’ beliefs that can potentially affect empathy in clinical encounters are explored; educational and training aspects are also reviewed. The review concludes suggesting that research on empathy is needed to understand contextual, training and relational factors that could benefit mental healthcare as well as the working conditions of clinical psychiatrists, both inextricably linked.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Opioid Access and Urine Drug Screening Among Older Patients With Poor-Prognosis Cancer Near the End of Life
Authors: Enzinger Andrea C. , Ghosh Kaushik , Keating Nancy L. , Cutler David M. , Clark Cheryl R. , Florez Narjust , Landrum Mary Beth , Wright Alexi A.
Published: January 2023

PURPOSE

To characterize racial and ethnic disparities and trends in opioid access and urine drug screening (UDS) among patients dying of cancer, and to explore potential mechanisms.

METHODS

Among 318,549 non-Hispanic White (White), Black, and Hispanic Medicare decedents older than 65 years with poor-prognosis cancers, we examined 2007-2019 trends in opioid prescription fills and potency (morphine milligram equivalents [MMEs] per day [MMEDs]) near the end of life (EOL), defined as 30 days before death or hospice enrollment. We estimated the effects of race and ethnicity on opioid access, controlling for demographic and clinical factors. Models were further adjusted for socioeconomic factors including dual-eligibility status, community-level deprivation, and rurality. We similarly explored disparities in UDS.

RESULTS

Between 2007 and 2019, White, Black, and Hispanic decedents experienced steady declines in EOL opioid access and rapid expansion of UDS. Compared with White patients, Black and Hispanic patients were less likely to receive any opioid (Black, –4.3 percentage points, 95% CI, –4.8 to –3.6; Hispanic, –3.6 percentage points, 95% CI, –4.4 to –2.9) and long-acting opioids (Black, –3.1 percentage points, 95% CI, –3.6 to –2.8; Hispanic, –2.2 percentage points, 95% CI, –2.7 to –1.7). They also received lower daily doses (Black, –10.5 MMED, 95% CI, –12.8 to –8.2; Hispanic, –9.1 MMED, 95% CI, –12.1 to –6.1) and lower total doses (Black, –210 MMEs, 95% CI, –293 to –207; Hispanic, –179 MMEs, 95% CI, –217 to –142); Black patients were also more likely to undergo UDS (0.5 percentage points; 95% CI, 0.3 to 0.8). Disparities in EOL opioid access and UDS disproportionately affected Black men. Adjustment for socioeconomic factors did not attenuate the EOL opioid access disparities.

CONCLUSION

There are substantial and persistent racial and ethnic inequities in opioid access among older patients dying of cancer, which are not mediated by socioeconomic variables.

[Media: see text]
Prospective Multicenter Diagnostic Performance of Technologist-Performed Screening Breast Ultrasound After Tomosynthesis in Women With Dense Breasts (the DBTUST)
Authors: Berg Wendie A. , Zuley Margarita L. , Chang Thomas S. , Gizienski Terri-Ann , Chough Denise M. , Böhm-Vélez Marcela , Sharek Danielle E. , Straka Michelle R. , Hakim Christiane M. , Hartman Jamie Y. , Harnist Kimberly S. , Tyma Cathy S. , Kelly Amy E. , Waheed Uzma , Houshmand Golbahar , Nair Bronwyn E. , Shinde Dilip D. , Lu Amy H. , Bandos Andriy I. , Berg Jeremy M. , Lettiere Nicole B. , Ganott Marie A.
Published: January 2023

PURPOSE

To assess diagnostic performance of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) alone or combined with technologist-performed handheld screening ultrasound (US) in women with dense breasts.

METHODS

In an institutional review board–approved, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act–compliant multicenter protocol in western Pennsylvania, 6,179 women consented to three rounds of annual screening, interpreted by two radiologist observers, and had appropriate follow-up. Primary analysis was based on first observer results.

RESULTS

Mean participant age was 54.8 years (range, 40-75 years). Across 17,552 screens, there were 126 cancer events in 125 women (7.2/1,000; 95% CI, 5.9 to 8.4). In year 1, DBT-alone cancer yield was 5.0/1,000, and of DBT+US, 6.3/1,000, difference 1.3/1,000 (95% CI, 0.3 to 2.1; P = .005). In years 2 + 3, DBT cancer yield was 4.9/1,000, and of DBT+US, 5.9/1,000, difference 1.0/1,000 (95% CI, 0.4 to 1.5; P < .001). False-positive rate increased from 7.0% for DBT in year 1 to 11.5% for DBT+US and from 5.9% for DBT in year 2 + 3 to 9.7% for DBT+US ( P < .001 for both). Nine cancers were seen only by double reading DBT and one by double reading US. Ten interval cancers (0.6/1,000 [95% CI, 0.2 to 0.9]) were identified. Despite reduction in specificity, addition of US improved receiver operating characteristic curves, with area under receiver operating characteristic curve increasing from 0.83 for DBT alone to 0.92 for DBT+US in year 1 ( P = .01), with smaller improvements in subsequent years. Of 6,179 women, across all 3 years, 172/6,179 (2.8%) unique women had a false-positive biopsy because of DBT as did another 230/6,179 (3.7%) women because of US ( P < .001).

CONCLUSION

Overall added cancer detection rate of US screening after DBT was modest at 19/17,552 (1.1/1,000; CI, 0.5- to 1.6) screens but potentially overcomes substantial increases in false-positive recalls and benign biopsies.
Patient-Reported Functional Impairment Due to Hearing Loss and Tinnitus After Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy
Authors: Sanchez Victoria A. , Shuey Megan M. , Dinh Paul C. , Monahan Patrick O. , Fosså Sophie D. , Sesso Howard D. , Dolan M. Eileen , Einhorn Lawrence H. , Vaughn David J. , Martin Neil E. , Feldman Darren R. , Kroenke Kurt , Fung Chunkit , Frisina Robert D. , Travis Lois B.
Published: January 2023

PURPOSE

Cisplatin is widely used and highly ototoxic, but patient-reported functional impairment because of cisplatin-related hearing loss (HL) and tinnitus has not been comprehensively evaluated.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Testicular cancer survivors (TCS) given first-line cisplatin-based chemotherapy completed validated questionnaires, including the Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults (HHIA) and Tinnitus Primary Function Questionnaire (TPFQ), each of which quantifies toxicity-specific functional impairment. Spearman correlations evaluated associations between HL and tinnitus severity and level of functional handicap quantified with the HHIA and TPFQ, respectively. Associations between HL or tinnitus and five prespecified adverse health outcomes (cognitive dysfunction, fatigue, depression, anxiety, and overall health) were evaluated.

RESULTS

HL and tinnitus affected 137 (56.4%) and 147 (60.5%) of 243 TCS, respectively. Hearing aids were used by 10% TCS (14/137). Of TCS with HL, 35.8% reported clinically significant functional impairment. Severe HHIA-assessed functional impairment was associated with cognitive dysfunction (odds ratio [OR], 10.62; P < .001), fatigue (OR, 5.48; P = .003), and worse overall health (OR, 0.19; P = .012). Significant relationships existed between HL severity and HHIA score, and tinnitus severity and TPFQ score ( P < .0001 each). TCS with either greater hearing difficulty or more severe tinnitus were more likely to report cognitive dysfunction (OR, 5.52; P = .002; and OR, 2.56; P = .05), fatigue (OR, 6.18; P < .001; and OR, 4.04; P < .001), depression (OR, 3.93; P < .01; and OR, 3.83; P < .01), and lower overall health (OR, 0.39; P = .03; and OR, 0.46; P = .02, respectively).

CONCLUSION

One in three TCS with HL report clinically significant functional impairment. Follow-up of cisplatin-treated survivors should include routine assessment for HL and tinnitus. Use of the HHIA and TPFQ permit risk stratification and referral to audiologists as needed, since HL adversely affects functional status and is the single largest modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia in the general population.
Machine Learning–Enabled NIR Spectroscopy. Part 2: Workflow for Selecting a Subset of Samples from Publicly Accessible Data
Authors: Ali Hussain , Muthudoss Prakash , Ramalingam Manikandan , Kanakaraj Lakshmi , Paudel Amrit , Ramasamy Gobi
Published: January 2023

An increasingly large dataset of pharmaceutics disciplines is frequently challenging to comprehend. Since machine learning needs high-quality data sets, the open-source dataset can be a place to start. This work presents a systematic method to choose representative subsamples from the existing research, along with an extensive set of quality measures and a visualization strategy. The preceding article (Muthudoss et al.. in AAPS PharmSciTech 23, 2022) describes a workflow for leveraging near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to obtain reliable and robust data on pharmaceutical samples. This study describes the systematic and structured procedure for selecting subsamples from the historical data. We offer a wide range of in-depth quality measures, diagnostic tools, and visualization techniques. A real-world, well-researched NIR dataset was employed to demonstrate this approach. This open-source tablet dataset (http://www.models.life.ku.dk/Tablets) consists of different doses in milligrams, different shapes, and sizes of dosage forms, slots in tablets, three different manufacturing scales (lab, pilot, production), coating differences (coated vs uncoated), etc. This sample is appropriate; that is, the model was developed on one scale (in this research, the lab scale), and it can be great to investigate how well the top models are transferable when tested on new data like pilot-scale or production (full) scale. A literature review indicated that the PLS regression models outperform artificial neural network-multilayer perceptron (ANN-MLP). This work demonstrates the selection of appropriate hyperparameters and their impact on ANN-MLP model performance. The hyperparameter tuning approaches and performance with available references are discussed for the data under investigation. Model extension from lab-scale to pilot-scale/production scale is demonstrated.

Highlights

• We present a comprehensive quality metrics and visualization strategy in selecting subsamples from the existing studies

• A comprehensive assessment and workflow are demonstrated using historical real-world near-infrared (NIR) data sets

• Selection of appropriate hyperparameters and their impact on artificial neural network-multilayer perceptron (ANN-MLP) model performance

• The choice of hyperparameter tuning approaches and performance with available references are discussed for the data under investigation

• Model extension from lab-scale to pilot-scale successfully demonstrated

Graphical Abstract
Topological phases and tunable Majorana zero modes in Rashba superconducting systems in the presence of Zeeman field
Authors: Xie Yue , Zha Guo-Qiao
Published: January 2023

In the framework of the extended Bogoliubov-de Gennes theory, topological phase transitions and Majorana zero modes are investigated by diagonalizing the tight-binding model Hamiltonian for two-dimensional superconducting systems with Rashba spin-orbit coupling and spin correlations when the effect of Zeeman field is involved. With increasing the Zeeman-field strength, the first-order topological superconductivity and chiral Majorana edge modes may develop for the long Rashba superconducting stripe under appropriate chemical potential. Moreover, the second-order topological phase can be found for the Rashba loop-frame geometry. Relying on the chosen chemical potential near half filling, Majorana zero-energy states located at corners of the square loop are more feasible in the weak exchange-field regime. Particularly, the transitions between Majorana edge and corner modes can take place in the loop system when the field strength is varied. In addition, the number and location of robust Majorana corner modes are highly sensitive to the introduced surface defects. Our theoretical predictions may provide useful guidance for observing and tuning Majorana zero modes in future experiments and applications.
Identifying and Predicting Diverse Patterns of Benign Nodule Growth
Authors: Xiang PingPing , Ahmadi Sara , Coleman Alexandra , West William , Lobon Isabel , Bikas Athanasios , Landa Iñigo , Marqusee Ellen , Kim Matthew , Alexander Erik K , Pappa Theodora
Published: January 2023

Context

The natural history of benign thyroid nodules is typically characterized by slow growth and minimal risk of malignant transformation. Available data have, to date, been unable to elucidate the diversity of benign nodule growth patterns over time nor predictive of which patients follow which pattern.

Objective

We aimed to better define the diverse patterns of benign nodule behavior and their predictors.

Methods

We prospectively studied 389 consecutive patients with solitary, solid, cytologically benign thyroid nodules ≥1 cm and follow-up ultrasound for at least 4 years. Demographic, sonographic, biochemical data were collected at initial evaluation, and subsequent growth patterns were identified over the follow-up. Predictors of growth at initial evaluation and 3 years of follow-up were defined.

Results

The mean (±SD) follow-up was 7.7 (±2.7) years. Three distinct growth patterns were identified: A) stagnant nodules with average growth rate < 0.2 mm/year; B) slow-growing nodules with a rate 0.2 to 1.0 mm/year; and C) fast-growing nodules increasing > 1.0 mm/year. Fast-growing nodules represented 17.2% of the cohort, and were more frequent in patients younger than 50 years (OR 2.2 [1.2-4.1], P = 0.016), and in larger nodules (2.0-2.9 cm, OR 3.5 [1.7-7.1], P = 0.001; >3.0 cm, OR 4.4 [1.8-10.4], P = 0.001 vs reference 1-1.9 cm). In a multiple regression model, nodule growth at 3 years at an average growth rate over 0.2 mm/year over 3 years since initial evaluation was an independent predictor of longer-term fast nodule growth, even after adjusting for age, biological sex, TSH level, and nodule size (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

The natural history of benign nodule growth is diverse, with over 80% of nodules demonstrating minimal to no growth long-term. Nearly 20% of cytologically benign nodules may exhibit a fast, continued growth pattern, which can be predicted by the 3-year growth rate pattern. These findings can help inform decision making for tailored benign nodule follow-up and monitoring.
An Updated Approach to Antiobesity Pharmacotherapy: Moving Beyond the 5% Weight Loss Goal
Authors: Enright Connor , Thomas Elizabeth , Saxon David R
Published: January 2023

Despite professional society guidelines recommending that obesity be treated as a chronic disease by emphasizing the use of lifestyle modification in conjunction with pharmacotherapy, antiobesity medications are uncommonly prescribed in most clinical practices. The recent Food and Drug Administration approval of semaglutide 2.4 mg weekly to treat obesity—as well as other forthcoming advancements in diabetes and antiobesity medications—highlights the potential of pharmacotherapy to significantly augment weight loss efforts. In this Expert Endocrine Consult, we review the evolving role of antiobesity pharmacotherapy in clinical practice and suggest a framework for the use of these medications.
Genomic prediction in plants: opportunities for ensemble machine learning based approaches
Authors: Farooq Muhammad , van Dijk Aalt D.J. , Nijveen Harm , Mansoor Shahid , de Ridder Dick
Published: January 2023

Background: Many studies have demonstrated the utility of machine learning (ML) methods for genomic prediction (GP) of various plant traits, but a clear rationale for choosing ML over conventionally used, often simpler parametric methods, is still lacking. Predictive performance of GP models might depend on a plethora of factors including sample size, number of markers, population structure and genetic architecture.

Methods: Here, we investigate which problem and dataset characteristics are related to good performance of ML methods for genomic prediction. We compare the predictive performance of two frequently used ensemble ML methods (Random Forest and Extreme Gradient Boosting) with parametric methods including genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP), reproducing kernel Hilbert space regression (RKHS), BayesA and BayesB. To explore problem characteristics, we use simulated and real plant traits under different genetic complexity levels determined by the number of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs), heritability (h2 and h2e), population structure and linkage disequilibrium between causal nucleotides and other SNPs.

Results: Decision tree based ensemble ML methods are a better choice for nonlinear phenotypes and are comparable to Bayesian methods for linear phenotypes in the case of large effect Quantitative Trait Nucleotides (QTNs). Furthermore, we find that ML methods are susceptible to confounding due to population structure but less sensitive to low linkage disequilibrium than linear parametric methods.

Conclusions: Overall, this provides insights into the role of ML in GP as well as guidelines for practitioners.
Patients’ and prescribers’ experiences of managing neuropathic pain with medication: a scoping review
Authors: Mshelia Comfort , Kennedy Mary-Claire , McHugh Gretl A.
Published: January 2023

Background: Neuropathic pain (NP) is a chronic condition that affects patients’ quality of life. Prescribing for NP within primary care is variable. There is a need to understand NP medicine management from both patient and prescribers’ perspectives. This scoping review aimed to identify, synthesise and identify gaps in the literature on the experiences of: i) prescribers in prescribing medicines to manage the symptoms of NP and ii) people with NP who use prescribed medicines to manage their symptoms.

Methods: Four electronic bibliographic databases (Medline, CINAHL, Embase and PsycInfo) were searched from inception to the end of October 2022 using a structured search strategy. The findings were synthesised and presented using a modified framework for monitoring opioid prescribing called the 5 A’s framework. The 5 A’s are Analgesia, Activities of daily living, Adverse effects, Aberrant behaviour, and Activities and actions of healthcare professionals.

Results: From the 10,995 records identified, 11 studies were included in the review. All the studies focused on patients' experiences, with no studies about the experiences of prescribers in managing NP. Patients reported that medicines seem to work at the outset but, over time, are less effective in relieving their pain. Patients took less than the prescribed dose of their medicine, depending on their pain level on the day. Taking medication allowed patients to participate in activities they would not otherwise have been able to do, often resulting in less isolation and loneliness.

Conclusions: This scoping review has highlighted patients' experiences of using medicines to manage NP. Results provide insight into how patients cope with inadequate pain control and the impact this has on patients’ lives. More research is required to explore the experiences of people living with non-specific types of NP as well as the experiences of prescribers who prescribe medicines to manage NP.
Pregnancy and birth complications associations with long-term adverse maternal mental health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Bodunde Elizabeth O , Buckley Daire , O'Neill Eimear , Maher Gillian M. , Matvienko-Sikar Karen , O'Connor Karen , McCarthy Fergus P. , Khashan Ali S.
Published: January 2023

Background: Existing studies have established an association between pregnancy, birth complications, and mental health in the first few weeks postpartum. However, there is no clear understanding of whether pregnancy and birth complications increase the risk of adverse maternal mental outcomes in the longer term. Research on maternal adverse mental health outcomes following pregnancy and birth complications beyond 12 months postpartum is scarce, and findings are inconsistent.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis will examine the available evidence on the association between pregnancy and birth complications and long-term adverse maternal mental health outcomes.

Methods and analysis: We will include cohort, cross-sectional, and case-control studies in which a diagnosis of pregnancy and/or birth complication (preeclampsia, pregnancy loss, caesarean section, preterm birth, perineal laceration, neonatal intensive care unit admission, major obstetric haemorrhage, and birth injury/trauma) was reported and maternal mental disorders (depression, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorders, psychosis, and schizophrenia) after 12 months postpartum were the outcomes. A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science will be conducted following a detailed search strategy until August 2022. Three authors will independently review titles and abstracts of all eligible studies, extract data using pre-defined standardised data extraction and assess the quality of each study using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. We will use random-effects meta-analysis for each exposure and outcome variable to calculate overall pooled estimates using the generic inverse variance method. This systematic review will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

Ethical consideration: The proposed systematic review and meta-analysis is based on published data; ethics approval is not required. The results will be presented at scientific meetings and publish in a peer-reviewed journal.

PROSPERO registration: CRD42022359017
A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of tuberculosis care around the time of pregnancy
Authors: Carlsson Camilla , Lönnermark Elisabet , Datta Sumona , Evans Carlton A.
Published: January 2023

Background: Tuberculosis is estimated to cause 1.5 million deaths annually and is most common during the reproductive years. Despite that fact, we found that tuberculosis screening, prevention or care recommendations for people around the time of pregnancy were absent from some national policy recommendations and varied in others.

Objectives: To address the apparent gaps and inconsistencies in policy, we aim to design a systematic review and potential meta-analysis of the original research evidence informing tuberculosis care around the time of pregnancy.

Methods: With assistance from librarians at the Biomedical library of the University of Gothenburg, Pubmed, CINAHL and Scopus databases will be searched. Search terms will aim to identify studies generating original research evidence informing care for tuberculosis around the time of pregnancy. Two independent reviewers will screen and select for inclusion the eligible studies. Discrepancies will be resolved with a third reviewer.

We anticipate triaging the eligible publications. Firstly, publications that provide contextual data will be tabulated, summarising their main contributions. Secondly, studies that provide evidence directly guiding patient care and have recently been systematically reviewed and meta-analysed will be tabulated with the recently published conclusions of the syntheses of their data. Thirdly, studies that provide evidence directly guiding patient care, but have not been the subject of recent systematic review and meta-analysis will be our focus and will be considered to be key. The key studies will be subject to quality assessment, data extraction and when possible, meta-analysis.

Conclusions: This systematic review and potential meta-analysis aims to guide policy, practice and future research priorities concerning tuberculosis care around the time of pregnancy.
Hepatic encephalopathy on magnetic resonance imaging and its uncertain differential diagnoses: a narrative review
Authors: Lim Chun Geun , Hahm Myong Hun , Lee Hui Joong
Published: January 2023

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a severe neuropsychiatric abnormality in patients with either acute or chronic liver failure. Typical brain magnetic resonance imaging findings of HE are bilateral basal ganglia high signal intensities due to manganese deposition in chronic liver disease and hyperintensity in T2, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, or diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with hemispheric white matter changes including the corticospinal tract. Low values on apparent diffusion coefficient mapping of the affected area on DWI, indicating cytotoxic edema, can be observed in acute HE. However, neuropsychological impairment in HE ranges from mild deficits in psychomotor abilities affecting quality of life to stupor or coma with higher grades of hepatic dysfunction. In particular, the long-lasting compensatory mechanisms for the altered metabolism in chronic liver disease make HE imaging results variable. Therefore, the clinical relevance of imaging findings is uncertain and differentiating HE from other metabolic diseases can be difficult. The recent introduction of concepts such as “acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF),” a new clinical entity, has led to a change in the clinical view of HE. Accordingly, there is a need to establish a corresponding concept in the field of neuroimaging diagnosis. Herein, we review HE from a historical and etiological perspective to increase understanding of brain imaging and help establish an imaging approach for advanced new concepts such as ACLF. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide an understanding of HE by reviewing neuroimaging findings based on pathological and clinical concepts of HE, thereby assisting in neuroimaging interpretation.
Aspectos clave de la profesionalización docente. Una revisión bibliográfica.
Authors: Matarranz María
Published: January 2023

La profesionalización docente es un aspecto de la esfera educativa que, en los últimos años, ha ganado un fuerte protagonismo, de hecho, recientemente se ha incluido la profesión docente como un asunto de análisis y reflexión en la agenda política española. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una revisión de la literatura académica sobre la profesionalización docente, para ello se ha realizado una búsqueda en las bases de datos de Web of Science y Scopus. La búsqueda inicial mostró un total de 556 artículos, tras aplicar los criterios de exclusión correspondientes, se han obtenido 33 artículos académicos que se han analizado en profundidad. Los resultados muestran un incremento en la producción científica sobre profesionalización docente, esto subraya la relevancia del tema en la actualidad. Además, se detectan lineamientos en los trabajos revisados en torno a cuatro temáticas principales: trabajos que profundizan en las cuestiones teóricas sobre la profesión docente, así como trabajos que consideran como ejes fundamentales la formación continua, la evaluación del profesorado y la práctica docente. También se han encontrado temas transversales, tales como las competencias docentes, la calidad y mejora de la educación o las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC). Estos lineamientos temáticos nos permitirán identificar, analizar y reflexionar sobre los aspectos clave de la profesionalización docente en España.
Análisis de redes sociales para la inclusión entre iguales en discusiones en línea con estudiantes de universidad
Authors: Garcia-Garcia Fran J. , López-Francés Inmaculada , Molla-Esparza Cristian
Published: January 2023

Las discusiones asíncronas en línea (DAL) sirven para aprender en la universidad, pero pierden eficacia conforme disminuye la participación de los estudiantes. Este estudio aporta un método basado en el Análisis de Redes Sociales (ARS) que aborda este problema, identificando estudiantes con un alto potencial de inclusión entre iguales durante los debates asíncronos. Para probar el método, configuramos foros de discusión en Moodle y examinamos las interacciones de 93 estudiantes de grado en el área de Ciencias de la Educación. Analizamos las redes sociales que surgieron de los debates, incluyendo 1818 conexiones. Los resultados mostraron que algunos estudiantes tenían más centralidad de cercanía y eran más accesibles que el resto. Una vez identificados, el profesorado pudo animar a estos estudiantes a incluir a quienes participaban menos en los debates. La inclusión de los compañeros tenía sentido cuando participaban en el debate sin obtener una respuesta de sus comentarios fácilmente. Este estudio abre la puerta a más investigación sobre la eficacia de las estrategias docentes basadas en el ARS, concretamente sobre la eliminación de las barreras al aprendizaje y la participación en una DAL con estudiantes universitarios
¿Crea contenidos digitales el profesorado universitario? Un diseño mixto de investigación
Authors: Ferrando-Rodríguez María de Lourdes , Gabarda Méndez Vicente , Marín- Suelves Diana , Llin Más Jesús Ramón
Published: January 2023

El incremento de investigaciones vinculadas con el nivel de competencia digital del profesorado universitario es cada vez mayor, siendo los marcos DigComp y el DigCompEdu los principales modelos de referencia para diagnosticar el grado de desarrollo de sus habilidades tecnológicas y definir estrategias para la mejora de la competencia digital en las distintas áreas. Este estudio, en el que se combina metodología cuantitativa y cualitativa, busca analizar el nivel de competencia digital docente del profesorado universitario para la creación de contenidos y conocer las variables que influyen en su desarrollo, indagando posibles diferencias derivadas del nivel académico, el área de conocimiento, la titulación, la formación en competencia digital o el ajuste entre la competencia percibida y la real. Los resultados muestran, por un lado, algunas diferencias en la competencia para la creación de contenidos en función del área de conocimiento; evidenciándose, además, la vinculación del uso de contenidos digitales con la metodología didáctica utilizada, y la relevancia de una formación tecnológica para la creación de contenidos digitales.
Instantáneas culturales y Flipped Classroom: percepciones de futuros docentes
Authors: Colomo-Magaña Ernesto , Cívico-Ariza Andrea , Sánchez-Rivas Enrique , Linde-Valenzuela Teresa
Published: January 2023

La metodología Flipped Classroom (FC) permite una reorganización de los tiempos en el aula y fuera de ella. Para el trabajo asíncrono, cuando el contenido de la materia es más reflexivo, se pueden utilizar como recurso didáctico las instantáneas culturales, una combinación de cine, música y literatura. El objetivo de esta investigación fue conocer las percepciones de futuros docentes sobre el FC utilizando instantáneas culturales. Se utilizó un diseño cuantitativo de panel longitudinal (pre-test y post-test) con un enfoque descriptivo e inferencial. La muestra la conformaron 111 futuros docentes de la Universidad de Málaga (curso 2021/2022). Se aplicó un instrumento validado para medir percepciones sobre metodología FC. Los resultados reflejaron percepciones positivas sobre la metodología FC, mejorando significativamente las valoraciones al utilizar instantáneas culturales. No se produjeron diferencias significativas al comparar por sexos, aunque los hombres tuvieron mejor percepción tras utilizar las instantáneas culturales. Como conclusión, el uso de instantáneas culturales como recurso didáctico puede suponer una alternativa positiva para trabajar contenidos de mayor complejidad si utilizamos la metodología FC.
Convergence Analysis of Stochastic Kriging-Assisted Simulation with Random Covariates
Authors: Li Cheng , Gao Siyang , Du Jianzhong
Published: January 2023

We consider performing simulation experiments in the presence of covariates. Here, covariates refer to some input information other than system designs to the simulation model that can also affect the system performance. To make decisions, decision makers need to know the covariate values of the problem. Traditionally in simulation-based decision making, simulation samples are collected after the covariate values are known; in contrast, as a new framework, simulation with covariates starts the simulation before the covariate values are revealed and collects samples on covariate values that might appear later. Then, when the covariate values are revealed, the collected simulation samples are directly used to predict the desired results. This framework significantly reduces the decision time compared with the traditional way of simulation. In this paper, we follow this framework and suppose there are a finite number of system designs. We adopt the metamodel of stochastic kriging (SK) and use it to predict the system performance of each design and the best design. The goal is to study how fast the prediction errors diminish with the number of covariate points sampled. This is a fundamental problem in simulation with covariates and helps quantify the relationship between the offline simulation efforts and the online prediction accuracy. Particularly, we adopt measures of the maximal integrated mean squared error (IMSE) and integrated probability of false selection (IPFS) for assessing errors of the system performance and the best design predictions. Then, we establish convergence rates for the two measures under mild conditions. Last, these convergence behaviors are illustrated numerically using test examples.

History: Accepted by Bruno Tuffin, area editor for simulation.

Funding: This work was supported in part by Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Funds [Tier 1 Grants R-155-000-201-114 and A-0004822-00-00], the City University of Hong Kong [Grants 7005269 and 7005568], and the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72091211].

Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2022.1263 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2021.0329 ) at ( http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7344997 ).
"Perro que ladra no muerde"… pero sí perturba a la fauna silvestre
Authors: Rangel Negrín Ariadna , Dias Pedro A.
Published: January 2023

Los perros (Canis lupus familiaris) son la mascota más popular a nivel mundial y cumplen con otros roles en las sociedades humanas. Sin embargo, son también una especie exótica invasora con un fuerte impacto en la fauna silvestre, incluidos los mamíferos. En esta nota revisamos esta problemática con especial énfasis en la interacción entre perros y primates.
Leakage of stomal effluent outside the baseplate leads to rise in product usage and health professional interactions
Authors: de Fries Jensen Lasse , Rolls Natasha , Russell-Roberts Paul , Vestergaard Martin , Jensen Majken Linnemann , Boisen Esben Bo
Published: January 2023

Background:

Leakage of stomal effluent outside the baseplate that soils clothes or bedsheets is a common problem for many people with a stoma and significantly impacts their quality of life.

Aim:

To understand behavioural changes for people experiencing faecal leakage outside the baseplate regarding the usage of pouching systems, supporting products and interactions with health professionals.

Methods:

Retrospective, self-reported questionnaire.

Findings:

Respondents on average experienced 1.1 incidents of faecal leakage outside the baseplate per fortnight. In periods with issues of leakage, 21% of respondents had been in contact with health professionals, 40% increased their use of pouching systems, 25% increased their use of existing supporting products, and 21% included additional supporting products to their change routine. The increased use of healthcare resources was estimated to cost £32.47 in the 3 weeks following a leakage incident.

Conclusion:

Incidents of leakage outside the baseplate lead to increased use of healthcare resources.
Challenges in family policy research
Authors: Saraceno Chiara
Published: January 2023

In the third millennium, family policies have become the most dynamic part of welfare state policies in developed countries and the forerunners of welfare state development in developing countries. They remain, however, an important dimension of social policy diversification, among both developed and developing countries. Degree and patterns of overall welfare state development, labour market conditions, demographic characteristics, family and gender cultures, political legacies and political cultures – all these factors contribute to shaping which and how family issues are framed as policy-relevant issues. The author addresses some of the research challenges that lie ahead in family policy research, namely: (1) the conceptual and methodological challenges deriving from the enlargement of research, both national and comparative, across an increasingly diversified spectrum of countries; (2) the dual challenge of the diversification of family forms and of international mobility; (3) the interaction between the labour market and family policies and their impact on social class differences; (4) the differential impact of social policies across the social spectrum and diversified family forms; and (5) the multilevel making and governance of family policies and the impact on intra-country differences. According to the author, these challenges are also the consequence of the intersectional character of family policies.
Making diversity visible in often unrecognised family practices
Authors: Phoenix Ann
Published: January 2023

This article makes a small contribution to Families, Relationships and Societies’ knowledge production. It addresses racialised and ethnicised inequalities experienced in the everyday lives of a family constituted through serial migration, where the adult interviewed (‘Lizzie’) reflected on her childhood experience of leaving the Caribbean to join parents she did not remember and siblings she had never met. It reuses material from a larger study of the retrospective narratives of adults who had been childhood serial migrants. A major finding is that Lizzie’s experience of serial migration was intersectional, linked to her social positioning and her experiences of racism at school and felt outsiderness at home in contrast to feelings of belonging and being valued at the Black-led church she attended. The article argues that, while such family experiences are frequently unrecognised, they pattern children’s experiences, their adult relationships and identities and contribute to, and arise from, historical and sociostructural constructions of society.
Arbitrary Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill state synthesizer
Authors: Takase Kan , Fukui Kosuke , Kawasaki Akito , Asavanant Warit , Endo Mamoru , Yoshikawa Jun-ichi , Furusawa Akira
Published: January 2023

We propose the first all-optical method for generating arbitrary Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill states, which fills in the largest missing piece of practical optical quantum computing.
A Polarized Superoscillatory Lens for Super-resolution Imaging
Authors: Qi Rui , Gbur Gregory J
Published: January 2023

The sidelobes in a superoscillatory field is an issue for super-resolution imaging. A lens that assigns the central spot and sidelobes with orthogonal polarizations can eliminate the sidelobes. Rayleigh particles with sub-wavelength separations are resolved.
Integrated 3.0 meter coil resonator for λ = 674 nm laser stabilization
Authors: Chauhan Nitesh , Liu Kaikai , Isichenko Andrei , Wang Jiawei , Timmers Henry , Blumenthal Daniel J.
Published: January 2023

We report an integrated Si3N4 3m length waveguide coil resonator for operation at 674nm. Stabilization of a laser to this cavity is demonstrated, resulting in 4 orders of magnitude FN reduction, an ILW 4.2kHz and ADEV 3.5x10-12.
Narrow-linewidth GaN Lasers based on an AlN Photonic Integrated Circuit
Authors: Holguín-Lerma Jorge A. , Wang Yubo , Guo Yu , Vezzoli Mattia , Tang Hong X.
Published: January 2023

Towards homogeneous group-III-Nitride integration, an aluminum nitride (AlN) photonic circuit is developed to create narrow-linewidth emission in gallium nitride (GaN) laser diodes. Single-mode emission at blue-to-green wavelengths is demonstrated with a linewidth of 1 MHz.
Quantum-Enhanced Phase Imaging
Authors: Black A. Nicholas , Nguyen Long , Evans James E. , Boyd Robert W.
Published: January 2023

We report on a phase-shifting holography scheme that uses position-momentum entangled photons to achieve twice the contrast of classical phase-shifting holography while only measuring the marginal of the two-photon joint-position distribution.
Resolution Limits of Quantum Imaging with Undetected Photons in the Paraxial Regime
Authors: Lahiri Mayukh , Viswanathan Balakrishnan , Lemos Gabriela Barreto
Published: January 2023

Quantum Imaging with Undetected Photons uses one wavelength to probe the object and another wavelength to acquire the image. We show how the two wavelengths and two-photon correlations determine resolution limits of this imaging technique.
Low-SWaP High-performance Eye-safe LiDAR utilizing Static Unitary Detector Technique
Authors: Han Munhyun , Seo Hong-Seok , Mheen Bongki
Published: January 2023

We implemented wide field-of-view and high-resolution LiDAR operated under the low-SWaP condition using a developed optical receiver based on the static unitary detector technique and showed detailed results concerning the photodetector and LiDAR performance.
Enhanced Performance High-Bandwidth Signal Detection by Time-Frequency Coherence Sampling
Authors: Singh Karanveer , Meier Janosch , Hosni Mohamed I. , Mandalawi Younus , Schneider Thomas
Published: January 2023

We demonstrate an enhanced performance for high bandwidth signal detection based on time-frequency coherence sampling using a Mach-Zehnder modulator, enabling 2.5 dB Q-factor improvement for 24 GHz signals.
Chiral States in Coupled Lasers Lattice by Complex Potential
Authors: Gadasi Sagie , Arwas Geva , Gershenzon Igor , Friesem Asher , Davidson Nir
Published: January 2023

We demonstrate the generation of chiral super-modes in a network of symmetrically-coupled lasers by applying an on-site complex potential, a combination of loss and frequency detuning, and adjusting it to an exceptional point.
Generation of phase singularities in spectral interference
Authors: S Athira T , Naik Dinesh N
Published: January 2023

A method to generate phase singularities in spectral domain is explained with proper simulation results. This is achieved by the interference of polychromatic fields having Gaussian spectral distribution with slightly different mean wavelengths.
Realistic Image Reconstruction with Multiplane Computer-Generated Holography
Authors: Akşit Kaan
Published: January 2023

Three-dimensional scenes reconstructed by Computer-Generated Holography (CGH) often have unintended ringing artifacts, especially within the boundaries of represented objects. This talk will overview our CGH algorithms to fix these imperfections in holographic displays.
Quantum Approximate Optimization for Continuous Problems on a Programmable Photonic Quantum Computer
Authors: Enomoto Yutaro , Anai Keitaro , Udagawa Kenta , Takeda Shuntaro
Published: January 2023

We demonstrate a continuous-variable version of the quantum approximate optimization algorithm on a programmable single-mode photonic quantum computer, minimizing one-variable continuous functions. The results highlight the potential of continuous-variable quantum computing in near-term applications.
Observation of Backward-Wave Spontaneous Parametric Downconversion in Sub-µm PPKTP
Authors: Kuo Paulina S. , Reddy Dileep V. , Verma Varun , Nam Sae Woo , Zukauskas Andrius , Canalias Carlota
Published: January 2023

We observed backward-wave spontaneous parametric downconversion in sub-µm periodically poled Rb-doped KTP. Pumped at 800 nm, forward-wave signal at 1400 nm and backward-wave idler at 1868 nm were obtained.
Broadband tunable, narrow linewidth multispectral color filter
Authors: Xiang Jiewei , Song Meiting , Zhang Yi , Kruschwitz Jennifer , Cardenas Jaime
Published: January 2023

We apply selective suppression with nano-grating and mesh structures to a Fabry-Perot cavity. We demonstrate a miniaturized monolithic multispectral color filter covering 630nm-960nm with more than 40% transmission and less than 30nm FWHM.