bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Seasonal Pattern of Anal Fissure in Rural Hospital of Nepal
Authors: Menyangbo Suryaman , Bhatta Gakul , Subedi Kripa
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Anal Fissure (AF) is a longitudinal tear in the epithelium of the anoderm within the anal canal. It is associated with symptoms of severe anal pain and rectal bleeding. While searching for literatures on AF prevalence in Nepal, there were hardly any systematic published studies except a few studies that mostly focused in the treatment and outcome of the disease. The objective of the present study is to report on AF prevalence with its seasonal pattern among anorectal disorder patients from this rural part of Nepal.

Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study from June 2015 to March 2020 at the Karnali Academy of Health Sciences. The demographic characteristics features of anal fissure were recorded. Cases included all hemorrhoids, perianal abscess and fistula in Ano with a bleeding history. Previous fistulectomy, biopsy-proven tuberculosis and malignancy were excluded. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 16.

Results: A total of 1768 patients with ano-rectal disorders visited surgical outpatient department OPD) during the study period. Of 1768 patients, 415 patients (23.47%) had anal fissures. The mean age of patients was 29.02±13.58 years. There were 176 male patients (42.4%) and 239 (57.6%) patients were female. The majority (n=148; 35.7%) of patients were in the group 20 to 29 years. Most of the patients with anal fissure visited during winter time (42.7%).

Conclusion: Anal fissure is common anorectal problem, with slight female predominance. The majority was found to affect the adolescent group
Efficacy of The Subcostal Transversus Abdominis Plane Block In Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Comparison With Conventional Port- Site Infiltration
Authors: Kharbuja Kalpana , Singh Jeevan , Ranjit Sangina , Pradhan Barun Bahadur , Shrestha Ashish , Tandukar Alex , Shalike Narendra
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Pain experienced following laparoscopic cholecystectomy derives significantly from incision made in anterior abdominal wall. Many patients experience moderate to severe pain following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of ultrasound guided bilateral subcostal transversus abdominal plane (TAP) block with port-site infiltration for post-operative analgesia after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Methods: Sixty patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly allocated to two groups to receive port-site infiltration of local anaesthesia or ultrasound guided subcostal TAP block at the end of surgery before extubation. All patients received 1 gm paracetamol intravenously 8 hourly. Post-operative pain was assessed using visual analogue score at 0,1,2,4,8,16 and 24 hours. Time to first analgesic requirement and total opioid consumption over 24 hours were recorded.

Results: Ultrasound guided bilateral subcostal transversus abdominis plane block significantly reduced post-operative pain score compared to port site infiltration. We observed statistically significant differences in visual analogue score between two groups at all other time frame. The 24 hours opioid consumption was less in Subcostal TAP (136±66.31μg VS 202±80.58μg, p=0.001). Time for rescue analgesia was prolonged in patient receiving subcostal TAP (3.63±2.09 hrs VS 1.73±1.60 hrs, p=0.0002).

Conclusion: Ultrasound guided bilateral subcostal transversus abdominal block provides superior post-operative analgesia and reduced opioid consumption after laparoscopic cholecystectomy compared to port-site infiltration.
Mini-laparatomy radical cysto-prostatectomy for urinary bladder carcinoma
Authors: Joshi Robin , Dongol Uday , Amatya Kapendra , Shrestha Aagan
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Open radical cysto-prostatectomy (RCP) is the gold standard for invasive urinary bladder cancer in male. Though minimal invasive technique like laparoscopic or robotic assisted surgery is gaining popularity for surgical management in developed countries, open mini laparotomy is equally effective with similar oncological outcome and morbidity result. Our study aims to evaluate the feasibility of Mini-laparotomy RCP with ileal conduit (IC) or neobladder.

Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study of 25 patients conducted from October 2016 to December 2019. Nineteen patients had muscle invasive urinary bladder cancer (MIBC), four had multifocal high grade non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and two were BCG failure patients. Nineteen patients underwent RCP with IC and six with RCP and ileal Neobladder. We analyzed technical difficulty, operative time, blood loss, peri-operative complication for minilaparotomy RCP.

Results: The mean age of patients was 63.2 years (46-81years). The mean operative time was 274 minute (180-420 minutes) with mean blood loss of 470 ml (300-2000 ml). Mean post-operative ileus was observed for 2.8 days (2-4 days). All patients stayed in the hospital for mean days of 12.84 (7 to 25 days). All patients were mobilized early with mean intensive care unit (ICU) stay of 2.52 days. Mean lymph node extraction was 17.6. Two patients died of renal failure and hyperosmolar diabetes mellitus.

Conclusion: Minilaparatomy RCP is a feasible option in terms of early recovery with acceptable morbidity without compromising the oncological principles.
Urine Incontinence Before and After Delivery in Primipara
Authors: Shrestha Prezma
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Urinary incontinence is a common condition in pregnancy and postpartum period. It causes discomfort, embarrassment, loss of confidence and self esteem. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of urinary incontinence in pregnant attending antenatal clinic in a tertiary hospital.

Methods: A descriptive observational study was conducted to find out occurrence of urinary incontinence in primiparous attending department of obstetrics and gynecology from August 2014 to August 2015 at B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences.

Results: The total of 100 primigravida were enrolled in the study. Out of which six had urinary incontinence with mean age of 23 years. Most of them were in the period of gestation group 38–40 weeks. 22% of total were obese with mean BMI of 26.69 kg/m2. Seventy nine patients had vaginal delivery, four had vacuum assisted vaginal delivery and 17 had cesarean section. Age and Body Mass Index (BMI) was not found to be associated with urinary incontinence. Oxford grading for assessment of perineal muscle after delivery showed decline in pelvic muscle tone which was significantly associated with urinary incontinence. However, the mode of delivery, and birth weight of baby was not found to be significant.

Conclusion: The study finding suggested that pregnancy acts a risk factor for development of UI although no preference could be drawn regarding the mode of delivery. Our study also concluded antepartum UI as a risk factor for postpartum UI.
SARS-CoV-2: A virus that is shaking the world
Authors: Shankar Pathiyil Ravi
Published: December 2020

The coronavirus disease -19 and the causative virus, SARS-CoV-2 has had a profound impact globally during the year 2020. The virus has spread to over 213 countries and has created a climate of fear and uncertainty. In this article the author reflects on the pandemic, its effects and also the impact of measures to contain the virus.
Iatrogenic Displaced Maxillary Third Molar Tooth
Authors: Acharya Surendra Kumar , Bhutia Ongkila , Roychoudhury Ajoy , Yadav Rahul , Arora Ankit , Lal Babu
Published: December 2020

Minor to major complications may occur during the third molar extraction but should be optimized. Surgeons should know how to diagnose the case and manage the complications. We hereby report one of the rare complications of upper third molar extraction; iatrogenic displacement in infratemporal space. We emphasized hence on management of such technically sensitive case using 3D virtual surgical planning. The use of computer-assisted three-dimensional surgical planning to reconstruct the tooth in its localized position and orientation makes the operation more accurate, more convenient, and avoids damage to vital structures.
COVID-19 and Herd Immunity: A Dilemma to Understand
Authors: Piryani Rano Mal , Piryani Suneel , Mukhia Rupesh
Published: December 2020

No abstract available.
Astrology and Science: A Precarious Relationship. Part 1: Historical Review of German Astrology in the 20th Century and Current Developments
Authors: Mayer Gerhard A.
Published: December 2020

This two-part essay illuminates the difficult relationship between astrology and science from different perspectives. While the first part provides a historical review of developments in the 20th century in German-speaking countries, the second part (in the next issue) concerns theoretical and methodological considerations for empirical investigations of the validity of astrology. During the 20th century, astrology in the German-speaking world was influenced by a few people who pursued a special quest for connectivity with scientific findings and models as well as a natural philosophical foundation. The astrologer Thomas Ring developed an elaborate astrological anthropology, the "revised astrology", which claimed to be compatible to other scientific disciplines like biology and psychology. Hans Bender, who was willing to carry out experiments in order to test astrology, became an interested counterpart to Ring. This openness to scientific scrutiny combined with the desire to replace old concepts based on magical-analogical thinking with concepts more compatible with scientific models, met the criticism of several astrologers in the 1990s. The critics found the psychological-scientific aspiration represented too restrictive. This led, besides general socio-cultural developments, to a change in the "astrology scene", which is described, among other things, on the basis of some expert interviews at the end of the first part.
Astrology and Science: A Precarious Relationship. Part 2: Considerations of Empirical Investigations on the Validity of Astrology
Authors: Mayer Gerhard A.
Published: December 2020

In Part 2 of “Astrology and Science: A Precarious Relationship”, the results of a population survey are first presented to reveal definitory problems in determining astrology. When investigating "astrology", of crucial importance are which concepts and practices to include. After definitional clarification, the anomalistic aspects of astrology or astrological practice are attended to with a distinction made between the above-below-theorem as the traditional basic assumption of astrology and possible psi phenomena that can occur in astrological counseling practice. Further sections describe problems in scientific studies on the validity of astrology. Such problems could have led to the failure of these efforts. Furthermore, specific methodological problems in the investigation of the above-below-theorem and in matching tests are addressed. In a final step, various scientific approaches to astrology are listed with their respective specific questions, methodological approaches and relevance for the scientific world view or astrological practice.
Early Spiritualist Discussions About the Distortions of Mediumistic Communications
Authors: Alvarado Carlos S.
Published: December 2020

This is a short note presenting examples of mention of distortion of mediumistic communications published by early spiritualists. it is argued that spiritualists were pioneers in discussing this issue, something that should be recognized.
Crackpot Claims Raise Important Issues
Authors: Bauer Henry
Published: December 2020

n.a. book review
For the Good of Your Health, Read This Book
Authors: Bauer Henry
Published: December 2020

Essay review of The Danger Within Us: America’s Untested, Unregulated Medical Device Industry and One Man’s Battle to Survive It by Jeanne Lenzer
Dangerous Pursuits: Mediumship, Mind, and Music by Stephen E. Braude
Authors: Edge Hoyt
Published: December 2020

Stephen Braude is the most prolific of the late 20th and early 21st century philosophers writing about parapsychogy, and his work in the philosophical aspects of parapsychology has been the most influential in this field for the past several decades.  This book encompasses both philosophical issues in parapsychology, as well as studies in spontaneous and mediumistic investigations, and this collection spans the spectrum of his interests, including jazz. His title is an apt warning about the dangers to academics pursuing work in parapsychology; however, some suspicion towards those of us in the field can be mitigated if one produces excellent work in the field of one’s doctorate before tenure decisions, as Braude did. Dangerous Pursuits is composed of previously published articles or book chapters, but they are usually substantially rewritten in a way that makes these chapters accessible to a wide range of people, not only academics.  Although the book is not divided into sections, the chapters are nevertheless arranged skillfully to focus, after an opening chapter on the fear of psi, a topic that Braude returns to throughout the book, on physical mediumship, then more generally on mediumship, and finally on more theoretical topics, with a coda on jazz.
Scientific Certitude
Authors: Braude Stephen
Published: December 2020

I’ve been both fascinated and distressed by the arguments raging over how best to respond to the covid-19 pandemic. In particular, I’ve been struck by the way people claim scientific authority for their confident assurances of what needs to be done. And I’m especially intrigued by the scorn they often lavish on those who hold differing views on what science is telling us. The heat generated by the resulting debates is strikingly similar to the heat generated by debates over the science connected with human-caused climate change. And in both cases, the disputants too often presuppose indefensibly naïve views about scientific authority and certitude, apparently unaware that even the allegedly most obvious logical truths lack the certainty attributed to scientific authority in these debates.

            As a rule, I dislike re-circulating my Editorials, but I think it’s time to resurrect one (modestly tweaked) from a few years ago, addressing precisely this issue (Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 379–386, 2017).

……………………………………

“Man is a rational animal who always loses his temper when he is called upon to act in accordance with the dictates of reason.”  --Oscar Wilde

            I’ve often noticed how debates within the SSE community sometimes parallel debates in the political arena, perhaps especially with respect to the passion they elicit and the intolerance and condescension sometimes lavished on members of the “opposition.” Occasionally, of course, the debates in the SSE are nearly indistinguishable from those in the political arena—say, over the evidence for human-caused climate change. But what I find most striking is how the passion, intolerance, etc.—perhaps most often displayed by those defending whatever the “received” view happens to be—betrays either a surprising ignorance or else a seemingly convenient lapse of memory, one that probably wouldn’t appear in less emotionally-charged contexts. What impassioned partisans tend to ignore or forget concerns (a) the tentative nature of both scientific pronouncements and knowledge claims generally (including matters ostensibly much more secure than those under debate), as well as (b) the extensive network of assumptions on which every knowledge claim rests. So I’d like to offer what I hope will be a perspective-enhancer, concerning how even our allegedly most secure and fundamental pieces of a priori knowledge are themselves open to reasonable debate. A widespread, but naïve, view of logic is that no rational person could doubt its elementary laws. But that bit of popular “wisdom” is demonstrably false. And if that’s the case, then so much the worse for the degree of certitude we can expect in more controversial arenas. Let me illustrate with a few examples.[1]

[1] I’m indebted to Aune, 1970 for much of what follows.
Modernisasi Pendidikan di Pondok Pesantren Miftahul ‘Amal Jiken, Blora
Authors: Aji Lyly Bayu , Setyarini Marhaeni Dwi
Published: December 2020

Pondok pesantren harus mengembangkan dan membuka diri terhadap perubahan yang terjadi di era globalisasi sesuai perkembangan teknologi, agar mampu mensejajarkan diri dengan lembaga pendidikan lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui latar belakang, tujuan,  pelaksanaan dan kendala modernisasi pendidikan di Pondok Pesantren Miftahul ‘Amal Blora.Sumber data penelitian ialah Kyai, Ketua pondok pesantren, Ustadz atau guru, dan Santri.Pengumpulan data menggunakan  metode interview, observasi, dan dokumentasi, dengan teknik analisis deskriptif kualitatif.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: latar belakang modernisasi pendidikan di pondok pesantren  : a). image negatif masyarakat tentang pendidikan pondok pesantren yang kuno dan tertinggal dari perkembangan Iptek b). tradisi lama yang jika dipertahankan menyebabkan pondok pesantren tidak diminati masyarakat c). pembelajaran hanya mengkaji materi agama yang didasarkan pada kitab kuning. Tujuan modernisasi pondok pesantren: 1).  memenuhi kebutuhan santri akan keilmuan, baik ilmu agama dan ilmu pengetahuan umum lainnya dan ketrampilan sesuai dengan perkembangan Iptek, 2). meningkatkan kualitas dan kemandirian santri dengan menyesuaikan pendidikan di pondok pesantren dalam aspek kurikulum, metode pembelajaran, teknologi, dan ketrampilan,  3). meningkatkan kualitas pendidik dan melengkapi fasilitas pondok sesuai perkembangan teknologi.Pelaksanaan modernisasi pendidikan di pondok pesantren Miftahul ‘Amal Jiken, Blora meliputi: modernisasi kelembagaan, kurikulum, metode pembelajaran, kualitas sumber daya manusia, serta melengkapi sarana prasarana pondok dengan fasilitas berbasis teknologi, dan kendalanya antara lain: sulitnya mengubah mind set Kyai sepuh, keterbatasan dana dan kualitas sumber daya manusia.
Tantangan Kewirausahaan di Era Ekonomi Digital
Authors: Kasidi Kasidi
Published: December 2020

Pertumbuhan ekonomi digital semakin hari semakin melejit. Keadaan ini tidak dapat dilepaskan dari perkembangan kemajuan teknologi iformasi dan komunikasi dengan menggunakan aplikasi serba canggih, yaitu menggunakan bantuan media internet. Tantangan bagi para wirausahawan mau tidak mau, suka tidak suka harus mengikuti dan menyelaraskan dengan lopatan-lompatan kemajuan di bidang digital termasuk di dalamnya transaksi digital.
University English Teachers’ Challenges in Handling Unmotivated Learners: A Case Study
Authors: Subekti Adaninggar Septi
Published: December 2020

This exploratory case study investigated three university teachers’ views about their students’ unmotivation, the combination of amotivation and demotivation, in General English (GE) classes and explored challenges these teachers faced as written in their reflections during six semesters, from the second semester of the 2016/2017 academic year to the first semester of 2019/2020. The study used secondary document analysis with the teachers’ reflections analyzed using thematic analysis per the purposes of the study. The study found that teachers generally perceived many of their students to be unmotivated. It could be seen from their passive, reticent, and not attentive behaviours in class. They also reported the widespread phenomenon of absenteeism among learners. These teachers faced complex challenges in dealing with unmotivated students. These challenges were attributed to various intertwining factors within the instruction such as unreliable assessment, fun, yet not very meaningful class activities, and learners’ low proficiency level, as well as GE programme's position that seemed to be second-prioritized in learners' respective departments' curriculum. Though this case study may be unique in its context, a certain extent of replication in other contexts is possible. Suggested future studies include a more thorough investigation about the quality of assessment in English for non-English department’s students’ classes as well as a large-scale survey about absenteeism phenomenon in GE classes among non-English major students.
Mediating Quizzes as Assessment Tool through WhatsApp Auto-response in ELT Online Class
Authors: As Sabiq Agus Husein , Fahmi Muhammad Ikhsanul
Published: December 2020

Although extensive studies have been conducted on the use of WhatsApp in language teaching and learning, little empirical research has been conducted to explore the use of WhatsApp modified with artificial intelligence called auto-responder as a media for assessment. To fill this void, this research aims to explore the use of WhatsApp Auto-response developed by the teacher to mediate quizzes as the assessment tool in an online English class. This research was carried out in a Vocational High School in Banyumas Regency, Indonesia, with an English teacher and his 36 students. The researchers used documentation, structured interviews, and open-ended questionnaires to collect the data. The researchers found that modifying WhatsApp with auto-responder made the online assessment more objective, accountable, transparent, easy-to-access, and easy-to-operate for both teacher and students. WhatsApp Auto-response could encourage students’ autonomous learning because they could directly know their scores and the discussion of each question. Thus, students had more interest and motivation to get a higher score. However, unstable internet connection and slow response from the application should be resolved to make it better for learning. The findings imply that supporting teaching with the technological advancements of artificial intelligence in WhatsApp can provide students with realistic self-guided learning. With WhatsApp's popularity as a learning tool nowadays, its features can be embedded with chatbots that can give many advantages as a teacher assistant, especially for facilitating assessments.
CUMHURİYETİN İLK YILLARINDA KAYSERİLİ KADINLAR (FERRUHA GÜPGÜP, JALE BAYSAL, LEMAN CEVAD TOMSU, İLMİYE BERGMAN AKKADIN SIRCAN)
Authors: ALTUNCUOĞLU Neslihan
Published: December 2020

Kayseri şehri, tarihi ipek yolunun önemli bir kolu üzerinde bulunması nedeniyle dış dünya ile kesintisiz ilişkide bulunan, bütün zamanlarda büyük önem arz eden bir şehirdir. Yirmibirinci yüzyılda bile şehir sakinlerinin tahıl ihtiyacını komşu şehirlerden sağlayan Kayseri şehrinin, bu yönüyle neden bir kültür, ticaret ve sanayi üssü olduğu bu noktada kolayca anlaşılabilir. “Mancestır halı’ya gelinceye değin Kayseri’de elişi Kayseri halıları, bu şehrin kadınlarının maharetli ellerinde vücut bulmuştur. Bu durum, Kayseri şehrinin kadınlarının Anadolu’daki diğer emsalleri gibi, henüz “ sanayi inkılâbına” geçmiş olan Doğu toplumlarından belki biraz daha ileri bir merhalede, ekonomik etkinliklerde bulunduklarını söyleyebiliriz. Ancak, böyle bir etkinlikte bulunuyor olmalarının onların hayatın bütün alanlarında, erkekleriyle birlikte sorumluluk üstlendikleri, eşit hak ve ödevlere sahip bulundukları anlamına gelmemektedir. Bu anlamda Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devleti ve Türk İnkılâbına özel bir yer ayırmak, hem hak tanırlıktır, hem de kadir bilirliktir. Kayseri şehri de bu bağlamda, kadının eğitimden başlayarak, toplumsal hayattaki rolünün giderek ve kalıcı olarak artış gösterdiği bir şehir olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisinde beşinci dönem Kayseri milletvekili olan Ferruha Güpgüp, Türk ve dünya kamuoyuna malolmuş olan Prof. Dr. Jale Baysal (Kütüphaneci), Prof.Dr. Leman Tomsu (Mimar), dağcılık sporunun öncüsü İlmiye Bergman ve Anadolu’nun ilk kadın fotoğrafçısı olan Akkadın Sırcan hakkında bilgi verilmeye gayret gösterilecektir.
16. YÜZYILDA MİDİLLİ SANCAĞI’NDA BULUNAN KALELER, KALE GÖREVLİLERİ, LİMANLAR VE GÜVENLİK TEMİNİ
Authors: ÜNAL Ayhan Afşin
Published: December 2020

Midilli Adası, Adalar Denizi’nin en stratejik adalarından biridir. Bu önemini Akdeniz ve Karadeniz boğazlarına giden yol üzerindeki konumuna ve Anadolu’ya olan yakınlığına borçludur. Sahip olduğu bu konum sayesinde Midilli hem boğazların, hem de Batı Anadolu kıyılarının güvenliğinin sağlanmasında çok önemli bir rol üstlenmiştir. Osmanlı Devleti, adanın önemini ta en başından anladığı için, burayı fethettikten kısa bir süre sonra sancak haline getirecektir. Midilli’nin boğazlar ve Anadolu kıyılarının güvenliğinin sağlanmasındaki önemli yerinin yanında, Osmanlı deniz fetihlerinin gerçekleşmesinde de çok stratejik bir yeri vardır. Osmanlı donanması, bu adayı askeri bir üs olarak kullanmış ve Osmanlı Devleti’nin karalardaki üstünlüğünü denizlere de taşımayı, bu üsten aldığı lojistik destekle çok daha rahat ve hızlı bir şekilde gerçekleştirmiştir. Ada aynı zamanda önemli bir ticaret yolu üzerindedir. Her ne kadar, ticaretle öne çıkan bir ada olmasa da ticaret yollarının güvenliğinin sağlanmasında çok değerli katkıları olmuştur. Adanın sahip olduğu stratejik konumun farkında olan Osmanlı Devleti, bu adayı elinde tutabilmek için adada güçlü garnizonlar bulundurmayı ihmal etmemiştir. Bu çalışmada, Midilli’de 16. Yüzyılda Midilli kalesi ve kale görevlileri hakkında bilgi vererek, adanın güvenliğinin sağlanması konusunu aydınlatılmaya çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca Midilli’nin coğrafi özelliklerinden ve önemli limanlarından bahsedilmiştir.
SOSYAL BİLGİLER ÖĞRETİMİNDE ÖĞRETİM TEKNOLOJİSİ KULLANIMI İLE İLGİLİ TEZLERİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: MUTLU Neşet , BAYRAM Beyza , TAÇYILDIZ Yasin
Published: December 2020

Eğitim alanında ve Sosyal Bilgiler eğitiminde öğretim teknolojisi kullanımının önemi ve öğretim sürecine katkısı her geçen gün daha çok fark edilmektedir. Bunun sonucunda literatürdeki öğretim teknolojisi kullanımı ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalar artmaktadır. Bu çalışmalar yeni teknolojilerin tasarımlarının ve geliştirilmelerinin yapıldığı veya var olan öğretim teknolojilerinin incelendiği ve etkililiğinin araştırıldığı araştırmaları kapsar. Bu çalışmada, 2007-2017 yılları arasında lisansüstü düzeyde Sosyal Bilgiler Eğitimi alanında ve öğretim teknolojisi konu kapsamında yapılan 79 tez içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Bu çalışma ile bu tezlerin tez düzeyi, araştırma yöntem ve teknikleri, örneklem sayısı, araştırma konusu, veri toplama araçları, analiz yöntemleri ve yayın durumu gibi değişkenlere göre incelenmiştir. Bulgular sonucunda, çalışmalarda en çok nicel araştırma yöntemleri ve deneysel desenin tercih edildiği, yeni bir materyal veya teknoloji tasarımı ve geliştirilmesinden ziyade var olan teknolojilerin etkililiğinin araştırıldığı, analiz sayısı olarak tek analiz türünün tercih edildiği, analiz çeşidi olarak t-testin kullanıldığı, en yaygın veri toplama aracının ise başarı testi olduğu ve son olarak doktora tezlerinin yüksek lisansa göre daha fazla yayımlanma oranının olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak öğretim teknolojisi ile ilgili tezlerde, nitel çalışmaların özendirilmesi, materyal ve teknoloji geliştirmeye yönelik tezlerin sayısının artırılması, analiz yöntemi sayısının artırılması ve tezlerin yayımlanması için özellikle yüksek lisans öğrencilerinin desteklenmesi yoluyla bu konudaki literatürün daha zenginleştirilebileceği düşünülmektedir.
AMERİKAN SİVİL TOPLUM ÖRGÜTLERİ VE TÜRKİYE
Authors: EŞEL Gökhan
Published: December 2020

Kavram olarak sivil toplum ilk kez Aristo ve Platon’un çalışmalarında görülmektedir ancak o dönemlerde devlet kavramı ile birlikte düşünülmüştür. Modern anlamda ise sivil toplum, bir devletin otoritesi altında varlık gösterip kanunla yaşayan, devletten bağımsız yani özerk olan ve gönüllülük esasına dayanan örgütlü bir topluluk olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, sivil toplum örgütleri öncelikle Avrupa ve daha sonra da Amerika kıtasında ortaya çıkmış ve tüm dünyada kendi çalışma alanlarına göre yeni araştırma konuları meydana getirerek hızla yaygınlaşmıştır. Kimi zaman çalıştıkları ülkelerdeki siyasi iktidara etki edecek çapta karşımıza çıkan bu örgütlerin çalışma şekilleri, genellikle gelişmiş ülkelerin diğer ülkelerde kurulmasında rol aldıkları yerel örgütler aracılığıyla ya da özellikle üçüncü dünya ülkesi olarak adlandırılan bölgelerde olduğu gibi bizzat gelişmiş bir ülkenin sivil toplum örgütünün rol alması ile gerçekleşmektedir. Günümüz dünyasında yasama, yürütme, yargı ve medyadan sonra beşinci güç olarak adlandırılan sivil toplum örgütleri bu noktada büyük önem arz etmektedir. Bu doğrultuda zaman zaman dış güçlerin tesiri altında kalan ve yahut bu güçlerin direkt olarak kurulmasına öncülük ettiği sivil toplum kuruluşları ile de bir başka ülkenin içişlerine müdahil oldukları gözlenmektedir.Bu çalışmada günümüzde dünyada etkin sivil toplum örgütlerinin önemli bir bölümünü oluşturan Amerika Birleşik Devletleri merkezli sivil toplum örgütlerinin Türkiye’deki faaliyetleri, tarihsel bir perspektif ile değerlendirilmiştir.
Spondylectomy in the Treatment of Neoplastic Spinal Lesions – A Retrospective Outcome Analysis of 582 Patients Using a Patient-Level Meta-Analysis
Authors: Spiessberger Alexander , Spiessberger Alexander , Arvind Varun , Nasim Mansoor , Grueter Basil , Nevzati Edin , Hofer Silvia , K Cho Samuel
Published: December 2020

Background: En-bloc spondylectomy in the treatment of spinal tumors is a complex procedure with
potential complications. This study aims at identifying predictors of postoperative complications, lesion
recurrence and overall survival.
Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted, and patient-level data extracted from the
included studies. Multiple linear-regression models were calculated to predict the occurrence of
postoperative complications, lesion recurrence and overall survival based on age, tumor etiology, surgical
approach, mode of resection (en-bloc versus intralesional), tumor extension based on Weinstein-BorianiBiagini classification system and number of levels treated.
Results: Data of 582 individual adult and pediatric patients were extracted from the literature; Patient
characteristics are: 45% female, median age of 46 years (range 5-78); most common etiologies were:
sarcoma (46%), metastases (31%) and chordoma (11%). The surgical technique was: anterior (2.5%),
combined (45%) and posterior approach (52.4%); 68.5% underwent en-bloc spondylectomy; average levels
resected were 1.6 (1-6); 65% of patients had neurologic deficits at presentation, average survival was 2.6
years; Direct procedure-related complications were observed in 17.7%, with the most prevalent being CSF
leaks, wound infections and neural injury. For postoperative complications, recurrence and 5-year survival
significant regression equations were found (F(7,90)=2.57, p=0.018) with an R2 of 0.1; (F(5,147)=2.35,
p=0.044) with an R2 of 0.07 and (F(4,101)=7.2, p=0.01) with an R2 of 0.38. Odds ratio for predicted
complications was 1.35 for en-bloc resection and 1.25 for more than one level treated. The odds ratio for
tumor recurrence was 0.78 for en-bloc resection; odds ratio for 5-year survival were 0.79 for increased
patient age, 0.65 for increasing tumor grade, 0.79 for tumor dissemination at diagnosis and 1.68 for en-bloc
resection.
Conclusion: En-bloc spondylectomy provides improved survival and lower recurrence rates but also higher
operative complication rates when compared to intralesional resections. Interestingly the complication rate
was not influenced by tumor stage (WBB scale) and tumor etiology.
RECOGNITION METHODS OF FUZZY SITUATIONS TO MANAGE MOBILE ROBOTS IN FARMING
Authors:   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Kafiev I.R. , Romanov P.S. ,   Moscow Polytechnical University, Romanova I.P. ,   Moscow State University of technologies and management, Galiullin R.R. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University
Published: December 2020

The paper offers a method to recognize current fuzzy situations in management of mobile robots in farming. It allows to understand and evaluate the current situation in complex dynamic conditions, when there is an incompleteness and inaccuracy of the original data. The technique is based on fuzzy situational management of objects, which is based on the situational management model «situation – action».
SUBSTANTIATION OF WORK QUALITY INDICATORS OF THE EASTERN GALEGA SEEDS SCARIFICATOR
Authors:   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Khasanov E.R. , Maskulov D.I. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Musin R.Z. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University
Published: December 2020

Based on the studies, a seed scarifier has been created that sequentially performs two operations – scarification and treatment with a microbiological preparation. The shape of the blades and their changing installation angle on a rotating disk allows to adjust the angle of contact of the seeds with the abrasive surface and thereby improve the quality of processing. The use of the developed device for scarification of Eastern galega seeds ensured highquality pre-sowing treatment of seeds. Compared with the existing scarifier, in the recommended range of disc speeds of 900...1100, the proposed scarifier showed a decrease in the degree of crushing of seeds by 0,2...0,4 %, an increase in the degree of scarification by 2...3 % and the degree of germination by 4...5 %.
EFFECT OF NITROGEN FERTILIZERS ON AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF SPRING WHEAT GRAIN
Authors:   Northern Trans-Ural State Agricultural University, Chikishev D.V. , Abramov N.V. ,   Northern Trans-Ural State Agricultural University, Larina N.S. ,   Tyumen State University, Sherstobitobov S.V. ,   Northern Trans-Ural State Agricultural University
Published: December 2020

The paper presents the results of applying nitrogen fertilizers for spring wheat of the Novosibirsk 31 variety. The use of the fertilizers produced additional 1,62 t/ha of grain relative to the control variant. The maximum yield was 5,4 t/ha. The increased doses of the mineral fertilizers resulted in the increased ammonium ion in the grain, the rate reached 0,76 %. The excess of ammonium ion in spring wheat is neutralized by glutamine in the composition; the glutamine content reached 5,4 %. At the same time, the synthesis of arginine was reduced from 5,1 to 1,0 %.
INFLUENCE OF A NUMBER OF IMPACTS OF LOW-SPEED MIXER BLADES ON CONCRETE QUALITY BEING PREPARED
Authors:   Samara State Agrocultural Academy, Borisova M.V. , Titov A.Yu. ,   Samara State Agrocultural Academy, Novikov V.V. ,   Samara State Agrocultural Academy, Konovalov V.V. ,   Penza State Technological University
Published: December 2020

The paper presents purpose equations describing the uneven mixing depending on the number of the mixer blade impacts per unit of concrete weight as well as the weight of the mixture that have an impact on blades of the slow-speed mixer. Based on the literature review and analysis of the mixing process conducted in the Samara State Agricultural Academy, the design of the blade mixer was developed. The mixer consists of a body where there is a horizontal shaft with working bodies, made in the form of radial blades of helical shape. There are received equations that allow determining the concrete uniformity depending on a number of the impacts of the mixer blades per unit of the concrete weight as well as on the concrete weight that act on the blades of the slow-speed mixer. The power function is adequately described by the experimental results of 98 % confidence probability. In the studied areas of changes in independent factors rational values of the number of impacts per unit of the concrete weight is not less than 800 PCs/kg, as well as the concrete weight having impact on the blade of the slow-speed mixer is not more than 0,001 kg/PC.
OPTIMIZATION OF THE PLANT IRRIGATION PROCESS IN PROTECTED SOIL CONSTRUCTIONS
Authors:   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Galiullin R.R. , Jarullin R.B. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Kafiev I.R. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University
Published: December 2020

The paper considers a way to increase the energy efficiency of the technological process of plant irradiation by optimizing the irradiation regimes. This is achieved by fragmentation of the schedule of plant irradiation and the search for the positions of the fragments of the photoperiod in time, at which the requirement for the daily dose of radiation is satisfied and the minimum cost of the consumed electric energy is ensured.
IMPROVED PITOT – PRANDTL TUBE USED TO MEASURE AIR FLOW PRESSURE
Authors:   Karshi Engineering and Economic Institute, Jurayev D. , Davletshin M.M. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Mamatov F. ,   Karshi Engineering and Economic Institute, Toirov I. ,   Karshi Engineering and Economic Institute, Khalilov M. ,   Karshi Engineering and Economic Institute, Urishev A ,   Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Farm Mechanization Engineers
Published: December 2020

The article presents the study results on improving the Pitot tube for the MMN-240(5)-1.0 micromanometer used to measure air flow pressure and velocity. The design and operation principle of the improved tube are described. For the analysis the PAT no. 016 and DMTs-01.M units employed the study tube to measure air flow pressure and velocity. The operation of the MMN-240(5)-1.0 micromanometer fitted with the improved tube was examined and certificate no. 170 (dated 03.15.2017) was issued by the State Standard agency of Uzbekistan «Uzhydrometcenter».
DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROCESS OF GRINDING GRAPE RAW MATERIALS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE ENERGY INTENSITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE GRINDER
Authors:   Samara State Agrarian University, Novikov V.V. , Litvinov E.V. ,   Samara State Agrarian University, Morozov N.V. ,   Samara State Agrarian University, Borisov E.A. ,   Samara State Agrarian University, Grecov A.S. ,   Samara State Agrarian University
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the study is to establish an analytical expression describing the energy consumption during juicing depending on the shape of the knife – divider. The article presents a design for juicing different types of fruits and vegetables. The dynamic characteristic of the process of grinding the starting material (for example, grapes) is given. An expression for determining the power spent on grinding the starting material is analytically substantiated and presented.
FLORA OF LAWNS IN THE CITY OF UFA
Authors:   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Ishbirdina L.M. , Blonskaya L.N. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Timeryanov A.Sh. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Konashova S.I. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Muftakhova S.I. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University
Published: December 2020

The paper presents a study in the flora of lawns in Ufa. The lawn flora is represented by 192 species belonging to 31 families. Based on coenotic and ecological characteristics, four ecological coenotic groups of species were singled out that were described in the lawn designated areas. The ecological coenotic groups were analysed for life form spectra, hemeroby, species activity. Among the plant communities of typical low-trampled and well-maintained urban lawns (the ecological coenotic group of Festuca pratensis) Poaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Rosaceae, Apiaceae families were the leading ones, where hemicryptophytes and oligo-meso-αeuhemerobes dominated. The lawns subjected to significant anthropogenic impact (trampling, salinization) (the ecological coenotic group of Taraxacum officinale) had a large number of species that belonged to the «ruderal» Polygonaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Brassicaceae, Lamiaceae families, where hemicryptophytes and meso-euhemerobes dominated. Ruderal species of Asteraceae, Poaceae, Amaranthaceae, Lamiaceae, Malvaceae, Polygonaceae families prevailed, with a large share of ruderal and semi-ruderal annual and biennial plants, β-eupolyhemerobes, in the lawn designated areas where gramineous plant community did not develop after soil disturbance (the ecological coenotic group of Chenopodium album). Ruderal species of Poaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Polygonaceae families with a large portion of ruderal annual and biennial β-eupolyhemerobes also dominated in humid and waterlogged lawn areas. The ecological ecoenotic groups of Taraxacum officinale, Chenopodium album and Bidens tripartita had a large number of neophyte species. The lawn areas with the ecological coenotic groups of Taraxacum officinale, Chenopodium album and Bidens tripartite were found as most colonized with ruderal plants. A number of measures are required to build dense grass covering: reconstruction and heavy maintenance of lawns combined with sowing quality lawn grass mixtures, regular mowing practices to reduce the number of ruderal hemytherophytes and therophytes, timely plant nutrition and watering.
SEED PRODUCTIVITY OF PERENNIAL LEGUMINOUS HERBS DEPENDING ON THE SOWING METHOD
Authors:   Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy, Kasatkina N.I. , Nelyubina Gh.S. ,   Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy, Fatykhov I.Sh. ,   Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy
Published: December 2020

The method of sowing perennial leguminous herbs for seed purposes remains relevant today. The choice of the method should involve considering biological characteristics of the cultivated crop, technical capacity of the farm, and weather conditions. Udmurt Research Institute of Agriculture was engaged in studies on the impact of the sowing method on the seed productivity of the eastern galega «Gale» (1995–2001) and the birds-foot trefoil «Solnyshko» (2010–2017). The research objectives included the issues of seed yields, structure, sowing qualities of the obtained seeds, energy assessment of the cultivation methods under study. The study revealed the potential of the eastern galega to achieve relatively high seed productivity both in wet (490 kg/ha) and in arid (158 kg/ha) years. On average for six years of grass use, the wide-row method of cultivating galega with a row space of 30–45 cm produced a seed yield of 357–370 kg/ha. The galega seeds had laboratory germination of 93–94 %; the weight of 1000 seeds was 7,46–7,48 g. The grass had the following parameters: stalk stand density was 40–52 pieces/m2 , the number of seeds in a bean was 2 pieces. The birds-foot trefoil did not give seeds every year. The wet conditions of the second half of the growing season in 2012 resulted in vegetative growth, continuous flowering of plants and no mature beans. On average, over a three year period of grass use, the highest yield of birds-foot trefoil seeds (255 kg/ha) was obtained through ordinary row sowing. The grass had the following indices: stalk stand density was 580 pieces/m2 , the number of beans on one stem was 11 pieces, the number of seeds in a bean was 13 pcs, laboratory germination of seeds was 69 % and the mass of 1000 seeds was 1,12 g. The eastern galega had the energy efficiency coefficient of 4,9 under wide-row sowing, and the birds-foot trefoil had the energy efficiency coefficient of 5,5 under ordinary sowing.
IDENTIFYING OF DROUGHT TOLERANT WHEAT GENOTYPES IN CULTURE OF IMMATURE EMBRYOS IN VITRO
Authors:   Ufa Institute of Biology, Kruglova N.N. , Seldimirova O.A. ,   Ufa Institute of Biology, Zinatullina A.E. ,   Ufa Institute of Biology, Nikonov V.I. ,   Ufa Institute of Biology
Published: December 2020

The drought tolerance of immature embryos (17,5–20,0 days after artificial pollination) of a number of varieties and hybrid combinations of spring soft wheat was assessed. Donor plants were grown in the field during vegetation season 2018. The detection of drought resistance of immature embryos was conducted by their ability to give rise to a seedling developing to the phenophase of tillering in vitro in conditions simulating a moisture deficit. Moisture deficiency was achieved by introducing the PEG 6000 into composition of the nutrient medium MS. The embryos were incubated in the dark at +27 °C for 21 days. Conducted a visual assessment of morphological indicators of developing seedlings of regenerants to the phenological phase of tillering. The development of the seedling to the phenophase of complete grain ripeness in soil conditions ex vitro and the laboratory germination of the obtained grains were evaluated. The wheat genotypes, characterized by both the ability of immature embryos to form seedlings in the conditions of drought simulation and a sufficiently high laboratory germination of the obtained grains were revealed. These wheat genotypes can be recommended for use in the creation of drought-resistant hybrid lines and for their inclusion in the breeding process as initial forms.
MONITORING OF THE OVERGROWING OF UNUSED AGRICULTURAL LAND BASED ON GIS TECHNOLOGY
Authors:   Penza state University of architecture and construction, Solodkov N.N. , Molchanov O.M. ,   Penza state University of architecture and construction
Published: December 2020

The problem of overgrowing of fertile lands of the forest-steppe zone requires a scientific solution. In this regard, the article presents the use of technologies of geographic information systems in conjunction with field research to monitor the overgrowth of unused agricultural land. Two plots of agricultural land of Penza region with areas overgrown with weeds, young overgrown with woody vegetation and shrubs were selected. Space decoding was carried out based on the data of GPS coordinates, photos and satellite images of Landsat-8 in the spectrum of Near Infrared, Shortwave infrared, Blu. Methodological framework made recommendations for classification of Portland University. The area of distribution for 2013–2018 is defined, its speed which makes 2–3 hectares/year is calculated. Amendments to the interpretation of satellite images taking into account regional features are proposed. The Botanical composition of the undergrowth is presented, the type of soil (chernozems clay-illuvial and dark gray medium) and Geology is determined. Overgrowth, as a rule, is determined by the spread of Betula pendula R. and Pinus silvestris L. the Use of topographic index of waterlogging allowed to establish regularities of the composition of vegetation to local places of excess and lack of moisture. Thus, Alnus glutinosa L. and Salix caprea L. are found in waterlogged areas, elevated areas with pronounced aridity are occupied by Pinus silvestris L. and Picea abies L. In the conditions of weakening of anthropogenic factor dark gray medium-soils on sandy rocks of Cretaceous and Paleogene age are subject to water erosion and deflation. The interrelation between the development of processes of overgrowth and climate warming, when winters are warm and snowy, and summers are cool and humid, is shown.
GRAIN CROP GROWTH SLOWDOWN IN SOIL TOXICOSIS
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Fedotov G.N. , Fedotova M.F. ,   Moscow State University, Shalaev V.S. ,   Moscow State Technical University, Batyrev Yu.P. ,   Moscow State Technical University, Gorepekin G.I. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: December 2020

Inhibition of grain seed germination in the soils of the Russian plain was detected. Vegetation experiments showed that inhibition of seed germination and seedling development observed for the first 2 days in laboratory experiments did not level during the following plant growth stages and slowdown in the plant growth was evident after 14 days. Different crops and varieties are inhibited by the same soils in different ways. Instead of studying soil toxicosis on test plants inhibition of specific plants on the study soils should be researched. To assess the impact of soil toxicosis on plant yielding capacity, it is proposed to use the delay in the germination time and seed development in soils compared to sand. The choice of varieties for sowing on specific fields through assessing soil toxicosis for these varieties based on seedling length is very promising to select spring crops.