bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiple R&D Projects Scheduling Optimization with Improved Particle Swarm Algorithm
Authors: Liu Mengqi , Shan Miyuan , Wu Juan
Published: June 2014

For most enterprises, in order to win the initiative in the fierce competition of market, a key step is to improve their R&D ability to meet the various demands of customers more timely and less costly. This paper discusses the features of multiple R&D environments in large make-to-order enterprises under constrained human resource and budget, and puts forward a multi-project scheduling model during a certain period. Furthermore, we make some improvements to existed particle swarm algorithm and apply the one developed here to the resource-constrained multi-project scheduling model for a simulation experiment. Simultaneously, the feasibility of model and the validity of algorithm are proved in the experiment.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Pterygium in Rural Older Adults in Shandong Province of China: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Jiao Wanzhen , Zhou Chengchao , Wang Ting , Yang Shaoyuan , Bi Hongsheng , Liu Liping , Li Yan , Wang Lihua
Published: June 2014

To investigate the prevalence and risk factors for pterygium in rural older adults in Shandong Province, eastern China, a population-based, cross-sectional study was performed from April to July 2008. By means of cluster random sampling methods, a total of 19,583 people aged 50 years or above were randomly selected from four rural counties. Out of 19,583 people, 1,767 residents were excluded mainly because they were migrant workers when this study was performed. Finally, 17,816 (90.98%) people were included as eligible subjects. They received a comprehensive eye examination and a structured questionnaire voluntarily. Patients with pterygium were defined as having pterygium at the time of survey or pterygium surgery had been performed. 1,876 people were diagnosed as pterygium, either unilateral (1,083) or bilateral (793), which is equivalent to a prevalence of 10.53% (95% CI, 10.08–10.98). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that pterygium was independently associated with older age, areas, outdoor time, educational level, and use of hat and/or sunglasses. The prevalence of pterygium increased with age and hours spent under sunshine per day. Meanwhile, the higher the educational level and the more use of hat and/or sunglasses, the lower the pterygium prevalence.
Laser-Assisted Subepithelial Keratectomy versus Laser In Situ Keratomileusis in Myopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhao Li-Quan , Zhu Huang , Li Liang-Mao
Published: June 2014

This systematic review was to compare the clinical outcomes between laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy (LASEK) and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for myopia. Primary parameters included mean manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE), MRSE within ±0.50 diopters, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) ≥20/20, and loss of ≥1 line of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Secondary parameters included flap complications and corneal haze. Twelve clinical controlled trials were identified and used for comparing LASEK (780 eyes) to LASIK (915 eyes). There were no significant differences in visual and refractive outcomes between the two surgeries for low to moderate myopia. The incidence of loss of ≥1 line of BCVA was significantly higher in moderate to high myopia treated by LASEK than LASIK in the mid-term and long-term followup. The efficacy (MRSE and UCVA) of LASEK appeared to be a significant worsening trend in the long-term followup. Corneal haze was more severe in moderate to high myopia treated by LASEK than LASIK in the mid-term and long-term followup. The flap-related complications still occurred in LASIK, but the incidence was not significantly higher than that in LASEK. LASEK and LASIK were safe and effective for low to moderate myopia. The advantage of LASEK was the absence of flap-related complications, and such procedure complication may occur in LASIK and affect the visual results. The increased incidence of stromal haze and regression in LASEK significantly affected the visual and refractive results for high myopia.
Fabrication of Phase‐Change Polymer Colloidal Photonic Crystals
Authors: Zhao Tianyi , Zhang Youzhuan , Wang Jingxia , Song Yanlin , Jiang Lei
Published: June 2014

This paper presents the preparation of phase‐change polymer colloidal photonic crystals (PCs) by assembling hollow latex spheres encapsulated with dodecanol for the first time. The monodispersed hollow latex spheres were obtained by phase reversion of monodispersed core‐shell latex spheres in the n‐hexane, which dissolves the PS core and retains the PMMA/PAA shell. The as‐prepared phase‐change colloidal PCs show stable phase‐change behavior. This fabrication of phase‐change colloidal PCs would be significant for PC’s applications in functional coatings and various optic devices.
Synthesis and Antihypertensive Screening of New Derivatives of Quinazolines Linked with Isoxazole
Authors: Rahman Mujeeb Ur , Rathore Ankita , Siddiqui Anees A. , Parveen Gazala , Shahar Yar M.
Published: June 2014

A series of 7-substituted-3-(4-(3-(4-substitutedphenyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-5-yl)phenyl)-2-substituted quinazolin-4(3H)-one(1–30)have been synthesized by the cyclization of (E)-3-(4-(3-substitutedphenyl)acrylolyl)phenyl)-2-(substitutedphenyl)-7-substituted quinazolin-4-(3H)-one with hydroxylamine hydrochloride. The synthesized compounds were examined for theirin vivoantihypertensive activity using albino rats. All the titled compounds exhibited good to moderate antihypertensive activity. Compounds 7-Chloro-3-(4-(3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5- dihydroisoxazol-5-yl)phenyl)-2-p-tolylquinazolin-4(3H)-one(23)and 7-Chloro-3-(4-(3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-5-yl)phenyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one(24)exhibited potent antihypertensive activity through their anticipatedα1-adrenergic receptor blocking property similar to its clinically used analogue, prazosin, without affecting heart rate with prolonged duration of action when tested in adrenaline induced hypertension in anaesthetized rats.
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Adults: Novel Drugs and Catheter Ablation Techniques Show Promise? Systematic Review on Pharmacotherapy and Interventional Strategies
Authors: Rosanio Salvatore , Pelliccia Francesco , Gaudio Carlo , Greco Cesare , Keylani Abdul M. , D’Agostino Darrin C.
Published: June 2014

This systematic review aims to provide an update on pharmacological and interventional strategies for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension in adults. Currently US Food and Drug Administration approved drugs including prostanoids, endothelin-receptor antagonists, phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors, and soluble guanylate-cyclase stimulators. These agents have transformed the prognosis for pulmonary arterial hypertension patients from symptomatic improvements in exercise tolerance ten years ago to delayed disease progression today. On the other hand, percutaneous balloon atrioseptostomy by using radiofrequency perforation, cutting balloon dilatation, or insertion of butterfly stents and pulmonary artery catheter-based denervation, both associated with very low rate of major complications and death, should be considered in combination with specific drugs at an earlier stage rather than late in the progression of pulmonary arterial hypertension and before the occurrence of overt right-sided heart failure.
Microstrip Triband Bandstop Fitler with Sharp Stop Band Skirts and Independently Controllable Second Stop Band Response
Authors: Adhikari Kishor Kumar , Kim Nam-Young
Published: June 2014

This paper presents a compact planar triband bandstop filter (TBBSF) with compact size and high selectivity. The structure of the filter incorporates two folded trisection stepped-impedance resonators (TSSIRs). One of these resonators is designed to operate at the first and third center frequencies and the other resonator is designed to operate at the second center frequency of the proposed filter. To achieve a compact size filter, alternating impedance lines of the resonators are folded widthwise and also one resonator is embedded within another. Theoretical analysis and design procedures are described, including the synthesis equations for each resonator. The main advantage of the proposed method is that the filter provides flexibility to tune the second center frequency and control the corresponding bandwidth without changing the first and third stop band response. Additionally, several reflection zeros (RZs) are introduced in the pass band to improve its flatness. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed design method, both the first and second order TBBSFs were designed, simulated, and fabricated, with center frequencies of 1.92 GHz, 3.55 GHz, and 5.5 GHz.
Effects of Inhalation of Essential Oil of Citrus aurantium L. var. amara on Menopausal Symptoms, Stress, and Estrogen in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Choi Seo Yeon , Kang Purum , Lee Hui Su , Seol Geun Hee
Published: June 2014

This study aimed to investigate the effects of inhalation of the essential oil of Citrus aurantium L. var. amara (neroli oil) on menopausal symptoms, stress, and estrogen in postmenopausal women. Sixty‐three healthy postmenopausal women were randomized to inhale 0.1% or 0.5% neroli oil or almond oil (control) for 5 minutes twice daily for 5 days. Menopause‐related symptoms, as determined by the Menopause‐Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MENQOL); sexual desire visual analog scale (VAS); serum cortisol and estrogen concentrations, blood pressure, pulse, and stress VAS, were measured before and after inhalation. Compared with the control group, the two neroli oil groups showed significant improvements in the physical domain score of the MENQOL and in sexual desire. Systolic blood pressure was significantly lower in the group inhaling 0.5% neroli oil than in the control group. Compared with the control group, the two neroli oil groups showed significantly lower diastolic blood pressure and tended to improve pulse rate and serum cortisol and estrogen concentrations. These findings indicate that inhalation of neroli oil helps relieve menopausal symptoms, increase sexual desire, and reduce blood pressure in postmenopausal women. Neroli oil may have potential as an effective intervention to reduce stress and improve the endocrine system.
Topology Control Algorithm considering Antenna Radiation Pattern in Three-Dimensional Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Youn Myungjune , Lee Jaiyong
Published: June 2014

Topology control is a key issue of wireless sensor network to reduce energy consumption and communication collision. Topology control algorithms in three-dimensional space have been proposed by modifying existing two-dimensional algorithms. These algorithms are based on the theoretical assumption that transmission power is radiated equally to the all directions by using isotropic antenna model. However, isotropic antenna does not exist, which is hypothetical antenna to compare the real antenna performance. In the real network, dipole antenna is applied, and because of the radiation pattern, performance of topology control algorithm is degraded. We proposed local remapping algorithm to solve the problem and applied it to existing topology control algorithms. Simulation results show that our algorithm increases performance of existing algorithms and reduces power consumption.
Mild Moxibustion Decreases the Expression of Prokineticin 2 and Prokineticin Receptor 2 in the Colon and Spinal Cord of Rats with Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Zhou Cili , Zhao Jimeng , Wu Luyi , Huang Renjia , Shi Yin , Wang Xiaomei , Liao Wen , Hong Jue , Liu Shimin , Wu Huangan
Published: June 2014

It has been proven that prokineticin 2 (PK2) and its receptor PKR2 play an important role in hyperalgesia, while mild moxibustion can relieve visceral hypersensitivity in a rat model of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The goal of the present study was to determine the effects of mild moxibustion on the expression of PK2 and PKR2 in colon and spinal cord in IBS rat model, which was induced by colorectal distension using inflatable balloons. After mild moxibustion treatment, abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) scores were assessed by colorectal distension; protein and mRNA expression of PK2 and PKR2 in rat colon and spinal cord was determined by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence quantitative PCR. Compared with normal rats, the AWR scores of rats and the expressions of PK2/PKR2 proteins and mRNAs in colon and spinal cord tissue were significantly increased in the model group; compared with the model group, the AWR scores of rats and the expressions of PK2/PKR2 proteins and mRNAs in colon and spinal cord tissue were significantly decreased in the mild moxibustion group. These findings suggest that the analgesia effect of mild moxibustion may be associated with the reduction of the abnormally increased expression of the PK2/PKR2 proteins and mRNAs in the colon and spinal cord.
Simultaneous Detection and Differentiation of Highly Virulent and Classical Chinese-Type Isolation of PRRSV by Real-Time RT-PCR
Authors: Xiao Shuqi , Chen Yaosheng , Wang Liangliang , Gao Jintao , Mo Delin , He Zuyong , Liu Xiaohong
Published: June 2014

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a leading disease in pig industry worldwide and can result in serious economic losses each year. The PRRS epidemic situation in China has been very complicated since the unprecedented large-scale highly pathogenic PRRS (HP-PRRS) outbreaks in 2006. And now the HP-PRRS virus (HP-PRRSV) and classical North American type PRRSV strains have coexisted in China. Rapid differential detection of the two strains of PRRSV is very important for effective PRRS control. The real-time RT-PCR for simultaneous detection and differentiation of HP-PRRSV and PRRSV by using both SYBR Green and TaqMan probes was developed and validated. Both assays can be used for rapid detection and strain-specific identification of HP-PRRSV and PRRSV. However, the TaqMan probe method had the highest detection rate whereas the conventional RT-PCR was the lowest. The real-time RT-PCR developed based on SYBR Green and TaqMan probe could be used for simultaneous detection and differentiation of HP-PRRSV and PRRSV in China, which will benefit much the PRRS control and research.
Harvesting Ambient Environmental Energy for Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey
Authors: Zhou Gongbo , Huang Linghua , Li Wei , Zhu Zhencai
Published: June 2014

In recent years, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have grown dramatically and made a great progress in many applications. But having limited life, batteries, as the power sources of wireless sensor nodes, have restricted the development and application of WSNs which often requires a very long lifespan for better performance. In order to make the WSNs prevalent in our lives, an alternative energy source is required. Environmental energy is an attractive power source, and it provides an approach to make the sensor nodes self-powered with the possibility of an almost infinite lifetime. The goal of this survey is to present a comprehensive review of the recent literature on the various possible energy harvesting technologies from ambient environment for WSNs.
Energy Efficient Multiresource Allocation of Virtual Machine Based on PSO in Cloud Data Center
Authors: Xiong An-ping , Xu Chun-xiang
Published: June 2014

Presently, massive energy consumption in cloud data center tends to be an escalating threat to the environment. To reduce energy consumption in cloud data center, an energy efficient virtual machine allocation algorithm is proposed in this paper based on a proposed energy efficient multiresource allocation model and the particle swarm optimization (PSO) method. In this algorithm, the fitness function of PSO is defined as the total Euclidean distance to determine the optimal point between resource utilization and energy consumption. This algorithm can avoid falling into local optima which is common in traditional heuristic algorithms. Compared to traditional heuristic algorithms MBFD and MBFH, our algorithm shows significantly energy savings in cloud data center and also makes the utilization of system resources reasonable at the same time.
Immobilized Lentivirus Vector on Chondroitin Sulfate-Hyaluronate Acid-Silk Fibroin Hybrid Scaffold for Tissue-Engineered Ligament-Bone Junction
Authors: Sun Liguo , Li Hongguo , Qu Ling , Zhu Rui , Fan Xiangli , Xue Yingsen , Xie Zhenghong , Fan Hongbin
Published: June 2014

The lack of a fibrocartilage layer between graft and bone remains the leading cause of graft failure after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The objective of this study was to develop a gene-modified silk cable-reinforced chondroitin sulfate-hyaluronate acid-silk fibroin (CHS) hybrid scaffold for reconstructing the fibrocartilage layer. The scaffold was fabricated by lyophilizing the CHS mixture with braided silk cables. The scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) showed that microporous CHS sponges were formed around silk cables. Each end of scaffold was modified with lentiviral-mediated transforming growth factor-β3 (TGF-β3) gene. The cells on scaffold were transfected by bonded lentivirus. In vitro culture demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on scaffolds proliferated vigorously and produced abundant collagen. The transcription levels of cartilage-specific genes also increased with culture time. After 2 weeks, the MSCs were distributed uniformly throughout scaffold. Deposited collagen was also found to increase. The chondral differentiation of MSCs was verified by expressions of collagen II and TGF-β3 genes in mRNA and protein level. Histology also confirmed the production of cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) components. The results demonstrated that gene-modified silk cable-reinforced CHS scaffold was capable of supporting cell proliferation and differentiation to reconstruct the cartilage layer of interface.
Sensorless Rotor‐Field Oriented Controlled Induction Motor Drive with Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm Speed Controller Design Strategy
Authors: Luo Yung-Chang , Ke Zhi-Sheng , Kuo Ying-Piao
Published: June 2014

A sensorless rotor‐field oriented control induction motor drive with particle swarm optimization algorithm speed controller design strategy is presented. First, the rotor‐field oriented control scheme of induction motor is established. Then, the current‐and‐voltage serial‐model rotor‐flux estimator is developed to identify synchronous speed for coordinate transformation. Third, the rotor‐shaft speed on‐line estimation is established applying the model reference adaptive system method based on estimated rotor‐flux. Fourth, the speed controller of sensorless induction motor drive is designed using particle swarm optimization algorithm. Simulation and experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Large Time Behavior for Weak Solutions of the 3D Globally Modified Navier-Stokes Equations
Authors: Ren Junbai
Published: June 2014

This paper is concerned with the large time behavior of the weak solutions for three-dimensional globally modified Navier-Stokes equations. With the aid of energy methods and auxiliary decay estimates together withLp-Lqestimates of heat semigroup, we derive the optimal upper and lower decay estimates of the weak solutions for the globally modified Navier-Stokes equations asC1(1+t)-3/4≤uL2≤C2(1+t)-3/4,  t>1.The decay rate is optimal since it coincides with that of heat equation.
Design of a Compact UWB Antenna with Triple Band-Notched Characteristics
Authors: Wang Qiang , Zhang Yan
Published: June 2014

A new compact ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with triband-notched characteristics is presented. The structure of the proposed antenna is simple and symmetric. A modified ground is introduced to obtain a wide impedance bandwidth of 2.9–13.4 GHz withS11<-10 dB. By inserting two arc-shaped slots in the radiation patch, two sharp bands of 3.3–3.7 GHz and 5.15–5.35 GHz are notched. The notch band of 7.25–7.75 GHz is achieved by etching a U-shaped slot in the ground plane. The notched bands can be controlled, respectively, while the characteristics of the proposed UWB antenna almost keep completely unchanged at the unnotched frequencies. Equivalent circuit models, surface current distributions, and input impedance are applied to analyze the principle of the proposed UWB antenna. Parametric studies are given. Simulated and measured results show that the proposed antenna has good impedance matching, stable radiation patterns, and constant gain.
Predicted 25(OH)D Score and Colorectal Cancer Risk According to Vitamin D Receptor Expression
Authors: Jung Seungyoun , Qian Zhi Rong , Yamauchi Mai , Bertrand Kimberly A. , Fitzgerald Kathryn C. , Inamura Kentaro , Kim Sun A. , Mima Kosuke , Sukawa Yasutaka , Zhang Xuehong , Wang Molin , Smith-Warner Stephanie A. , Wu Kana , Fuchs Charles S. , Chan Andrew T. , Giovannucci Edward L. , Ng Kimmie , Cho Eunyoung , Ogino Shuji , Nishihara Reiko
Published: June 2014

Background: Despite accumulating evidence for the preventive effect of vitamin D on colorectal carcinogenesis, its precise mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesized that vitamin D was associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer with high-level vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression, but not with risk of tumor with low-level VDR expression.

Methods: Among 140,418 participants followed from 1986 through 2008 in the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study, we identified 1,059 incident colorectal cancer cases with tumor molecular data. The predicted 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] score was developed using the known determinants of plasma 25(OH)D. We estimated the HR for cancer subtypes using the duplication method Cox proportional hazards model.

Results: A higher predicted 25(OH)D score was associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer irrespective of VDR expression level (Pheterogeneity for subtypes = 0.75). Multivariate HRs (95% confidence intervals) comparing the highest with the lowest quintile of predicted 25(OH)D scores were 0.48 (0.30–0.78) for VDR-negative tumor and 0.56 (0.42–0.75) for VDR-positive tumor. Similarly, the significant inverse associations of the predicted 25(OH)D score with colorectal cancer risk did not significantly differ by KRAS, BRAF, or PIK3CA status (Pheterogeneity for subtypes ≥ 0.22).

Conclusions: A higher predicted vitamin D score was significantly associated with a lower colorectal cancer risk, regardless of VDR status and other molecular features examined.

Impact: The preventive effect of vitamin D on colorectal carcinogenesis may not totally depend on tumor factors. Host factors (such as local and systemic immunity) may need to be considered. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(8); 1628–37. ©2014 AACR.
Tyrosine Phosphoproteomics Identifies Both Codrivers and Cotargeting Strategies for T790M-Related EGFR-TKI Resistance in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Yoshida Takeshi , Zhang Guolin , Smith Matthew A. , Lopez Alex S. , Bai Yun , Li Jiannong , Fang Bin , Koomen John , Rawal Bhupendra , Fisher Kate J. , Chen Ann Y. , Kitano Michiko , Morita Yume , Yamaguchi Haruka , Shibata Kiyoko , Okabe Takafumi , Okamoto Isamu , Nakagawa Kazuhiko , Haura Eric B.
Published: June 2014

Purpose: Irreversible EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) are thought to be one strategy to overcome EGFR-TKI resistance induced by T790M gatekeeper mutations in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), yet they display limited clinical efficacy. We hypothesized that additional resistance mechanisms that cooperate with T790M could be identified by profiling tyrosine phosphorylation in NSCLC cells with acquired resistance to reversible EGFR-TKI and harboring T790M.

Experimental Design: We profiled PC9 cells with TKI-sensitive EGFR mutation and paired EGFR-TKI–resistant PC9GR (gefitinib-resistant) cells with T790M using immunoaffinity purification of tyrosine-phosphorylated peptides and mass spectrometry–based identification/quantification. Profiles of erlotinib perturbations were examined.

Results: We observed a large fraction of the tyrosine phosphoproteome was more abundant in PC9- and PC9GR-erlotinib–treated cells, including phosphopeptides corresponding to MET, IGF, and AXL signaling. Activation of these receptor tyrosine kinases by growth factors could protect PC9GR cells against the irreversible EGFR-TKI afatinib. We identified a Src family kinase (SFK) network as EGFR-independent and confirmed that neither erlotinib nor afatinib affected Src phosphorylation at the activation site. The SFK inhibitor dasatinib plus afatinib abolished Src phosphorylation and completely suppressed downstream phosphorylated Akt and Erk. Dasatinib further enhanced antitumor activity of afatinib or T790M-selective EGFR-TKI (WZ4006) in proliferation and apoptosis assays in multiple NSCLC cell lines with T790M-mediated resistance. This translated into tumor regression in PC9GR xenograft studies with combined afatinib and dasatinib.

Conclusions: Our results identified both codrivers of resistance along with T790M and support further studies of irreversible or T790M-selective EGFR inhibitors combined with dasatinib in patients with NSCLC with acquired T790M. Clin Cancer Res; 20(15); 4059–74. ©2014 AACR.
Randomized Phase Ib/II Trial of Rilotumumab or Ganitumab with Panitumumab versus Panitumumab Alone in Patients with Wild-type KRAS Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Van Cutsem Eric , Eng Cathy , Nowara Elzbieta , Świeboda-Sadlej Anna , Tebbutt Niall C. , Mitchell Edith , Davidenko Irina , Stephenson Joe , Elez Elena , Prenen Hans , Deng Hongjie , Tang Rui , McCaffery Ian , Oliner Kelly S. , Chen Lisa , Gansert Jennifer , Loh Elwyn , Smethurst Dominic , Tabernero Josep
Published: June 2014

Purpose: Panitumumab, a fully human anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody (mAb), has demonstrated efficacy in patients with wild-type KRAS metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Rilotumumab and ganitumab are investigational, fully human mAbs against hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/scatter factor and IGF1R, respectively. Here we evaluate combining rilotumumab or ganitumab with panitumumab in previously treated patients with wild-type KRAS mCRC.

Experimental Design: Part 1 was a phase Ib dose-finding study of panitumumab plus rilotumumab. The primary endpoint was the incidence of dose-limiting toxicities (DLT). Part 2 was a randomized phase II trial of panitumumab in combination with rilotumumab, ganitumab, or placebo. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR); safety, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were secondary endpoints. Archival tissue specimens were collected for exploratory correlative work.

Results: In part 1, no DLTs were reported. A recommended phase II dose of 10 mg/kg rilotumumab was selected. In part 2, for the panitumumab plus rilotumumab (n = 48), panitumumab plus ganitumab (n = 46), and panitumumab plus placebo arms (n = 48), the ORRs were 31%, 22%, and 21%, respectively. The median PFS was 5.2, 5.3, and 3.7 months and median OS 13.8, 10.6, and 11.6 months, respectively. Adverse events were tolerable. Exploratory biomarker analyses, including MET and IGF-related protein expression, failed to indicate conclusive predictive evidence on efficacy endpoints.

Conclusions: Panitumumab plus rilotumumab met the prespecified criterion for improvement in ORR whereas ganitumab did not. This is the first study to suggest a benefit for combining an HGF inhibitor (rilotumumab) with panitumumab in previously treated patients with wild-type KRAS mCRC. Clin Cancer Res; 20(16); 4240–50. ©2014 AACR.
CARTs on the Road for Myeloma
Authors: Maus Marcela V. , June Carl H.
Published: June 2014

Chimeric antigen receptors redirect T cells to surface antigens. Discovery and validation of appropriate target antigens expands the possible indications for chimeric-antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. CS1 is expressed at high levels by multiple myeloma cells, but also to some extent on other lymphocytes. CS1 may be a viable target for CAR T cells in multiple myeloma. Clin Cancer Res; 20(15); 3899–901. ©2014 AACR.
Aspirin and Serum Estrogens in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Duggan Catherine , Wang Ching-Yun , Xiao Liren , McTiernan Anne
Published: June 2014

Epidemiologic studies suggest a reduced risk of breast cancer among women who use aspirin. A plausible mechanism is through aspirin's effect on estrogens, possibly mediated through interference with estrogen synthesis via reduction in inflammation, which is increased in adipose tissues, including breast. In a randomized placebo-controlled trial, we evaluated the effects of six-month administration of 325 mg/day aspirin on serum estrogens (estradiol, estrone, free estradiol, and bioavailable estradiol) and sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) in 144 healthy postmenopausal women. Eligible participants, recruited 2005–2007, were not taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication, including aspirin >2 times/week or menopausal hormone therapy, and had a Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) mammographic density classification of 2, 3, or 4. The intervention effects (intent-to-treat) were evaluated by differences in the geometric mean outcome changes at six months between aspirin and placebo groups using generalized estimating equations (GEE). Participants were a mean 59.4 (SD, 5.4) years of age, with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 26.4 (SD, 5.4) kg/m2. Between baseline and six months, none of the serum estrogens or SHBG changed substantially and there were no differences between groups. Stratifying by BMI did not change results. In conclusion, a single daily administration of 325 mg of aspirin for six months had no effect on serum estrogens or SHBG in postmenopausal women. Larger doses or longer duration of aspirin administration may be needed to affect circulating estrogens. Alternately, if aspirin influences breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women, it may do so through direct breast tissue effects, or through pathways other than estrogens. Cancer Prev Res; 7(9); 906–12. ©2014 AACR.
Pharmacogenetics role in the safety of acenocoumarol therapy
Authors: Jiménez-Varo Enrique , Cañadas-Garre Marisa , Gutiérrez-Pimentel María José , Henriques Cristina Isabel , Pinheiro Ana Margarida , Calleja-Hernández Miguel Ángel
Published: June 2014

Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) remain as the most prescribed drug for treatment and prevention of thrombotic disorders in many countries, despite the recent approval of the new oral anticoagulants (NOACs). Although effectiveness and safety of VKAs are tightly associated to maintaining the patient within the international normalised ratio (INR) therapeutic range (TWR), they have been likened to NOACs when patients are in good INR control (≥66% of TWR). Therefore, assessing the safety of patients should be a priority in the selection of the anticoagulation therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between CYP2C9*2, CYP2C9*3, VKORC1, CYP4F2*3, ABCB1 C3435T, APOE, CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*17 gene polymorphisms and treatment safety in 128 patients diagnosed with atrial fibrillation or venous thromboembolism during the initial first seven months of acenocoumarol therapy. After the first month, VKORC1-Tallele and APOE-E3/E3 genotype were independently associated to higher time above therapeutic range (TAR) and lower time below the therapeutic range (TBR). After seven months, VKORC1 T-allele predicted higher TAR, and was also associated to increased INR>4, particularly the TT-genotype (odds ratio [OR]: 32; 95% confidence interval [CI95%]: 6–175; p=810–5). C-alleles for CYP2C9*3 (OR: 5.5; CI95%: 1.8–17; p=0.003) and ABCB1 (OR: 8.9;CI95%: 1.1–70; p=0.039) independently influenced on INR>6 . Patients VKORC1-TT/ABCB1-C remained 26.8% [19.7–38.9] TAR, with associated relative risk (RR) for INR>4 1.8 higher (CI95%: 1.2–2.5; p=0.015). Patients VKORC1-TT also presented the highest risk of bleeding events (RR: 3.5;CI95%: 1.4–8.4; p=0,010). In conclusion, VKORC1, CYP2C9*3, APOE and ABCB1 genotypes should be considered in prevention of overanticoagulation and bleeding events in the initiation of acenocoumarol therapy.
Redefinições em torno da propriedade privada na Amazônia: Ecologismo e produtivismo no tempo do mercado
Authors: Shiraishi Neto Joaquim
Published: June 2014

Este artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre o discurso jurídico da propriedade privada confrontando-o com a visão atual que agrega a esse discurso “novos” contornos e com os processos vivenciados pelos diferentes grupos sociais. O discurso da propriedade sofre transformações na Amazônia, orientadas por duas tendências: as intervenções e medidas realizadas pelos governos federal e estaduais no sentido de promover o desenvolvimento da região e a emergência de movimentos sociais, que se autodefinem por critérios de identidade étnica, e reivindicam a manutenção e garantia de direitos, frente às situações que lhes apresentam adversas. Neste contexto, duas questões se colocam para a reflexão: qual o conteúdo atual da propriedade privada e se ele é capaz de atender as demandas sociais que lhes são colocadas.
Crédito fundiário e mercado de terras: contrarreforma agrária do banco mundial no Ceará - Brasil
Authors: Oliveira Alexandra Maria de
Published: June 2014

O texto analisa o credito fundiário (1997-2003) como uma política decontrarreforma agrária do Banco Mundial no Ceará-Brasil. O modelo, baseado nareforma agrária de mercado, foi concebido e difundido pelo governo estadual e federalcomo uma alternativa à reforma agrária de fato. Inicialmente, apresenta-se o processomais amplo, demarcando a lógica na qual os programas foram inseridos. Depois,discute-se a inviabilidade socioeconômica da política em assentamentos rurais no Ceará.Por fim, delineia-se a estratégia de fortalecimento do caráter rentista da terra no Estado.
A barbárie moderna do agronegócio-latifundiário-exportador e suas implicações socioambientais
Authors: Camacho Rodrigo Simão
Published: June 2014

O modelo agrário/agrícola nacional, dominado pelo capital nacional e internacional, baseado no latifúndio, na monocultura e na exportação, traz conseqüências negativas sociais e ambientais. Por isso, esse modelo representa, contraditoriamente, ao mesmo tempo a Barbárie e a Modernidade. Neste sentido, a alternativa contrária a esse modelo está na construção de uma reforma agrária que permita a produção da agricultura camponesa e de todos os povos do campo de maneira plena, pois estes mantêm uma relação equilibrada com a natureza, produzem cultura no campo e cumprem um papel importante na produção de alimentos saudáveis para toda a população.
Sistemas produtivos e políticas públicas em assentamentos rurais do estado de São Paulo: similitudes e diferenças entre duas regiões
Authors: Ferrante Vera Lúcia Silveira Botta , Duval Henrique Carmona , Gêmero César Giordano
Published: June 2014

O presente trabalho apresenta resultados de pesquisa junto aos assentamentos federais em duas macrorregiões do estado de São Paulo: região Central e região Leste. Priorizamos caracterizar os principais sistemas produtivos e formas de comercialização. Por outro lado, o artigo também faz um primeiro retrato dos sistemas agrícolas a partir do Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos como incentivador do desenvolvimento nos assentamentos. Mostramos que a diversificação tanto da produção agrícola como dos meios de escoamento é estratégica para as famílias assentadas. Outros aspectos destacados são os estágios produtivos e as fontes de financiamento. Os resultados apontam que os assentamentos melhoram muito as condições de acesso a alimentos das famílias assentadas. A pesquisa mostrou ainda que as famílias assentadas vão constituindo um mercado consumidor para sua produção e mesmo um mercado interno nos assentamentos e, com os recentes programas de compra do governo, as garantias de escoamento da produção são maiores, intensificando-se a relação assentamentos e municípios. Além disso, a garantia de comercialização via executivos municipais vem se constituindo mais relevante enquanto política pública do que os créditos e financiamentos.
Espaços agrários de inclusão e exclusão social: novas configurações do campo brasileiro
Authors: Fernandes Bernardo Mançano
Published: June 2014

Este artigo se apresenta dividido em três partes, na primeira, desenvolvo uma análise a respeito do atual momento da luta pela terra e da política do governo Fernando Henrique Cardoso, denominada de novo mundo rural. A segunda parte é uma breve reflexão a respeito dos conceitos de agricultura camponesa e agricultura familiar, realçando aspectos postos pela luta política na atualidade e contribuições da discussão teórica. A terceira, apresenta uma proposta de debate a respeito do sentido de uma política de reforma agrária hoje e suas perspectivas no governo Lula.Escolhi analisar o espaço como dimensão da realidade que se configura como território e é construído por diferentes relações sociais, definindo novas configurações do campo brasileiro. Discuto diferentes espaços de inclusão como a luta pela terra por meio das ocupações, acampamentos, assentamento. Igualmente, discuto diferentes espaços de exclusão como, por exemplo, a judiciarização da luta pela terra e a agricultura familiar.
Mundo rural e geografia. Geografia agrária no Brasil: 1930 – 1990
Authors: Oliveira Alexandra Maria de
Published: June 2014

Mundo Rural e Geografia. Geografia Agrária no Brasil: 1930 – 1990. Ferreira, Darlene Aparecida de Oliveira.São Paulo: Editora UNESP, 2002. 462p.Resenha
Tradições da roça na festa do Divino Pai Eterno em Trindade (GO): comércio periódico e romaria de carros de bois.
Authors: Maia Carlos Eduardo S. , Coelho Tito Oliveira
Published: June 2014

O presente trabalho trata do comércio varejista periódico e da Romaria de Carros de boiss no tempo-espaço da Festa do Divino Pai Eterno em Trindade, GO, eventos que se manifestam, nesta cidade, como tradições rurais. Objetivou-se, a partir de uma discussão sócio-cultural de dados levantados em arquivos, jornais, revistas, livros e documentos relacionados ao tema, além de entrevistas e questionários aplicados em 2001 e 2002, estudar a festa como elemento importante para os comerciantes esporádicos, locadores de pontos (habitantes da cidade) e para o Município de Trindade. A Romaria de Carros de bois é vista como um de seus componentes singulares, pois, apesar de haver outras em Goiás, nenhuma se iguala àquela em número de participantes. Apresentam-se, rapidamente, alguns aspectos da historicidade da Festa do “Arraial do Barro Preto” a fim de se compreender a inserção destes elementos (comércio e romaria) como tradições locais, analisando-se, paralelamente, a interferência do clero e de agentes laicos na organização da Festa. Verificou-se que essas múltiplas influências (da gente da “roça”, do poder público e da Igreja) implicaram em constantes mudanças no modo de se fazer a festa, recriando a arte de realizá-la, afirmando a tradição da romaria ao Pai Eterno em Trindade e atraindo cada vez mais vendedores e consumidores.
Povos indígenas do cerrado, territórios ameaçados: terras indígenas Xavante de Sangradouro/ Volta Grande e São Marcos.
Authors: Gomide Maria Lúcia Cereda , Kawakubo Fernando Shinji
Published: June 2014

Resumo indisponível.
Espaços de Esperança
Authors: Silva André Eduardo Ribeiro da
Published: June 2014

Espaços de Esperança. David Harvey. Edições Loyola, 2004. 382p.Tradução a partir do título original “Spaces of Hope”, publicada em 2000, pela Edinburgh University Press, Edimburgo, Reino Unido.
La revolución verde en México
Authors: González Beatriz Pichardo
Published: June 2014

Neste trabalho, propõe-se analisar o impacto do modelo da Revolução Verde na reconfiguração dos espaços rurais mexicanos, assim como as mudanças nos processos tecnológicos globais para a aplicação da Revolução Verde na estrutura agrária mexicana. Para compreender quais foram os acontecimentos políticos, econômicos e sociais que favoreceram as mudanças tecnológicas para a implementação da Revolução Verde, além de advertir o que aconteceu com as alterações na organização do espaço rural mexicano sob a implementação do modelo tecnológico e quais conseqüências resultaram para a população mexicana.Daí surge o interesse na pesquisa dos espaços rurais por meio da agricultura, o seja, tomando-a como os instrumentos que nos permitam compreender as mudanças acorridas nos espaços rurais, sobretudo depois da década de 1940 com a implementação de um modelo tecnológico na agricultura.
Reactivación de la frontera agrícola y aumento de la tasa de deforestación al norte de la BR-163, municipios de Santarém y Belterra, Pará, Brasil (1999 - 2004)
Authors: Valbuena Rubén , Cohenca Daniel
Published: June 2014

A reativação da fronteira agrícola na Amazônia Central, região comandada por Santarém, caracterizada pela chegada de novos agentes sociais e pela transformação dos sistemas agropecuários, está gerando novas dinâmicas socioeconômicas e expressivos impactos ambientais, nomeadamente o aumento da taxa de desmatamento. Através desse trabalho, esperamos ajudar na compreensão deste processo dinâmico, a partir da determinação da área desmatada no período estudado (1999-2004), estabelecendo quais são os fatores envolvidos na abertura de novas áreas de selva tropical para a sua incorporação ao sistema produtivo na região Norte da Cuiabá-Santarém (BR-163) e os efeitos que este processo tem na reorganização do espaço geográfico.
Agroecologia e campesinato: uma nova lógica para a agricultura do futuro
Authors: Marcos Valeria de
Published: June 2014

A fase atual de desenvolvimento capitalista tem buscado impor na agricultura um modelo de agricultura tecnificada, com a presença cada vez menor de trabalhadores no campo. Após o incentivo à expansão do cultivo de grãos transgênicos, outro caminho que tem sido aberto é aquele dos biocombustíveis – na verdade agrocombustíveis –, vendidos pela mídia como culturas “ecologicamente corretas”. Trata-se de mais uma investida do agronegócio para tentar driblar os efeitos da crise pela qual tem passado, e da reapresentação dos monocultivos em grandes extensões, como é o caso da cana-de-açúcar para a produção do álcool combustível, cada vez em maior expansão no campo brasileiro, em especial naquele paulista. Os camponeses, porém, não têm aceitado essas imposições e têm buscado uma alternativa para o próprio futuro, e, com ele, também o nosso. É nesse quadro que a agroecologia tem ganhado cada vez mais espaço e, juntamente com ela, a discussão sobre a retomada da dimensão local do desenvolvimento, de um desenvolvimento que, além de local, seja capaz de autossustentar-se. O presente trabalho tratará dessa discussão a partir de exemplos bem sucedidos de produção e comercialização de produtos agroecológicos que têm proporcionado a camponeses no estado da Paraíba, do Alto Sertão à Zona da Mata, a conquista da liberdade e da autonomia camponesa através da reforma agrária.
Aritmética ambiental aplicada à análise dos impactos das plantações de biocombustíveis e florestas
Authors: Riffel Birgit Yara Frey , Florêncio Beatriz Aparecida Bessa , Prudente Tatiana Diniz , Alves Alexandre Luiz
Published: June 2014

O aquecimento global tem preocupado grande parte das nações do mundo, e sido temade conferências que discutem quais ações devem ser executadas pelos países e governoslocais para permitir que o desenvolvimento seja sustentável, e não acarrete prejuízosambientais, sociais, culturais ou econômicos. É um equacionamento difícil, que implicaem mudanças nas matrizes energéticas, nos hábitos de consumo, nas atividadesindustriais, nos paradigmas de preservação ambiental, enfim, em toda a sociedade. Opresente trabalho analisa os impactos que a implantação de reflorestamentos destinadosa seqüestrar carbono emitido por queima de combustíveis fósseis e a plantação debiocombustíveis têm sobre a produção de alimentos, sobre a ocupação do solo e sobre oestoque de gases estufa no mundo. Propõe ainda um modelo para enfrentar estesimpactos, respondendo às diretrizes das conferências de Quioto (1997) e de Bali (2007).
A problemática ambiental e seu ambíguo encontro com a luta pela terra: desafios na aproximação entre modo de vida tradicional e conservação da natureza
Authors: Bernini Carina Inserra
Published: June 2014

O presente artigo discute a apropriação do conceito de modo de vida tradicional nasrecentes políticas de regulamentação de territórios tradicionais, resultados da luta pelaterra de comunidades tradicionais camponesas. Para isso, retoma o surgimento daproblemática ambiental no ocidente e o contexto que proporcionou a convergência daluta ambientalista com aquela das comunidades camponesas moradoras de áreasnaturais. Em seguida, discute as dificuldades e conflitos em torno da apropriação doconceito de modo de vida tradicional camponês na formulação e regulamentação dosprojetos de criação e re-criação de territórios tradicionais no âmbito das políticas dereforma agrária e de conservação ambiental. Percebeu-se uma tendência à idealizaçãodo conceito de tradição na formulação de tais projetos, expressão da desconsideração dadimensão simbólica dos modos de vida tradicional e da sua relação dialética com asnovas situações ao longo da história.
Targeting Glycoprotein VI and the Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-Based Activation Motif Signaling Pathway
Authors: Stegner David , Haining Elizabeth J. , Nieswandt Bernhard
Published: June 2014

Coronary artery thrombosis and ischemic stroke are often initiated by the disruption of an atherosclerotic plaque and consequent intravascular platelet activation. Thus, antiplatelet drugs are central in the treatment and prevention of the initial, and subsequent, vascular events. However, novel pharmacological targets for platelet inhibition remain an important goal of cardiovascular research because of the negative effect of existing antiplatelet drugs on primary hemostasis. One promising target is the platelet collagen receptor glycoprotein VI. Blockade or antibody-mediated depletion of this receptor in circulating platelets is beneficial in experimental models of thrombosis and thrombo-inflammatory diseases, such as stroke, without impairing hemostasis. In this review, we summarize the importance of glycoprotein VI and (hem)immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif signaling in hemostasis, thrombosis, and thrombo-inflammatory processes and discuss the targeting strategies currently under development for inhibiting glycoprotein VI and its signaling.