bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surveillance for diseases, pathogens, and toxicants of muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) in Pennsylvania and surrounding regions
Authors: Ganoe Laken S. , Brown Justin D. , Lovallo Matthew J. , Yabsley Michael J. , Garrett Kayla B. , Thompson Alec T. , Poppenga Robert H. , Ruder Mark G. , Walter W. David
Published: December 2021

Using diagnostic data and contemporary sampling efforts, we conducted surveillance for a diversity of pathogens, toxicants, and diseases of muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus). Between 1977 and 2019, 26 diagnostic cases were examined from Kansas and throughout the Southeast and Mid-Atlantic, USA. We identified multiple causes of mortality in muskrats, but trauma (8/26), Tyzzer’s disease (5/6), and cysticercosis (5/26) were the most common. We also conducted necropsies, during November 2018—January 2019 Pennsylvania muskrat trapping season, on 380 trapper-harvested muskrat carcasses after the pelt was removed. Tissue samples and exudate were tested for presence of or exposure to a suite of pathogens and contaminants. Gastrointestinal tracts were examined for helminths. Intestinal helminths were present in 39.2% of necropsied muskrats, withHymenolepisspp. (62%) and echinostome spp. (44%) being the most common Molecular testing identified a low prevalence of infection withClostridium piliformein the feces andSarcocystisspp. in the heart. We detected a low seroprevalence toToxoplasma gondii(1/380). No muskrats were positive forFrancisella tularensisorBabesiaspp. Cysticercosis was detected in 20% (5/26) of diagnostic cases and 15% (57/380) of our trapper-harvested muskrats. Toxic concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, lead, or mercury were not detected in tested liver samples. Copper, molybdenum, and zinc concentrations were detected at acceptable levels comparative to previous studies. Parasite intensity and abundance were typical of historic reports; however, younger muskrats had higher intensity of infection than older muskrats which is contradictory to what has been previously reported. A diversity of pathogens and contaminants have been reported from muskrats, but the associated disease impacts are poorly understood. Our data are consistent with historic reports and highlight the wide range of parasites, pathogens and contaminants harbored by muskrats in Pennsylvania. The data collected are a critical component in assessing overall muskrat health and serve as a basis for understanding the impacts of disease on recent muskrat population declines.
Understanding the interaction between cytomegalovirus and tuberculosis in children: The way forward
Authors: Olbrich Laura , Stockdale Lisa , Basu Roy Robindra , Song Rinn , Cicin-Sain Luka , Whittaker Elizabeth , Prendergast Andrew J. , Fletcher Helen , Seddon James A.
Published: December 2021

Over 1 million children develop tuberculosis (TB) each year, with a quarter dying. Multiple factors impact the risk of a child being exposed toMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb), the risk of progressing to TB disease, and the risk of dying. However, an emerging body of evidence suggests that coinfection with cytomegalovirus (CMV), a ubiquitous herpes virus, impacts the host response toMtb, potentially influencing the probability of disease progression, type of TB disease, performance of TB diagnostics, and disease outcome. It is also likely that infection withMtbimpacts CMV pathogenesis. Our current understanding of the burden of these 2 diseases in children, their immunological interactions, and the clinical consequence of coinfection is incomplete. It is also unclear how potential interventions might affect disease progression and outcome for TB or CMV. This article reviews the epidemiological, clinical, and immunological literature on CMV and TB in children and explores how the 2 pathogens interact, while also considering the impact of HIV on this relationship. It outlines areas of research uncertainty and makes practical suggestions as to potential studies that might address these gaps. Current research is hampered by inconsistent definitions, study designs, and laboratory practices, and more consistency and collaboration between researchers would lead to greater clarity. The ambitious targets outlined in the World Health Organization End TB Strategy will only be met through a better understanding of all aspects of child TB, including the substantial impact of coinfections.
Memorializing monuments: State space and state rollback under neo-liberalization in Mexico
Authors: Morton Adam David
Published: December 2021

Recent contributions to urban geography have considered state space by innovatively focusing on specific cases of the city built environment. Examples could include here Karl Schlögel’s slicing through the spaces of state power in Moscow 1937 or Yuri Slezkine’s methodological cue to read the saga of the Russian Revolution across time in The House of Government. This article adds to the methodological insights of urban researchers by honing in on the Monument to the Revolution in Mexico City, in order to consider its role as a socially produced, conflictual and dynamically changing site in the struggle over public space and its memorialization. Since its opening in 1938, the Monument to the Revolution at Plaza de la República has been a pivotal fulcrum of state power in abetting the changing geography of state space. Equally, the site has experienced contradictions and differences stemming from socially produced space across time, in the form of periods of state crisis and, most recently, state ‘rollback’ and ‘rollout’ under neo-liberalization. This article addresses both neo-liberalizing and differential structures of feeling as they bear on the space at the Monument to the Revolution. It does so by situating the Monument to the Revolution within the urban question and how neo-liberalization has unlocked local and aesthetic meanings that have become commodified, not least through the extraction of monopoly rents. Further, the article spotlights simultaneous contemporary contestations of state power and impulses of socio-spatial struggle over difference articulated in and around Plaza de la República at the monument. In so doing, the article contributes an important pedagogical focus on both homogenizing and differential structures of feeling inscribed in spaces of capitalism in the twenty-first century.
Generating meaningfulness through lifelong and life-wide leisure engagement with music
Authors: Mantie Roger , Dubé Francis , Barbeau Audrey-Kristel
Published: December 2021

The authors in this article each bring a particular insight to the overarching question of how pedagogical and facilitation approaches can deepen and strengthen a lifelong value attached to music learning and engagement in leisure music activities. It is argued that when learner voice is privileged and social connections are embedded in pedagogical approaches early on, for example in formal school music or extracurricular youth learning contexts, this will likely underpin lifelong habits of engagement in valued, meaningful leisure activity. A lifelong learning mindset, oriented around serious leisure, can in turn promote the quality of later life, when a potential sense of loss related to personal work and family identity can be profound.
Promoting a musical lifecourse towards sustainable ageing: A call for policy congruence
Authors: Laes Tuulikki , Schmidt Patrick
Published: December 2021

Today, individually perceived quality of life for a growing ageing population could be said to be significantly dependent on meaningful life experiences, social connectedness and a sense of purpose. In this article, we argue for a wider theorization of policy and the politics of ageing. The central aim is to reflect on understandings of ageing within music education and musical participation, and, in particular, shift the focus from active ageing – and the ways it might support the narrow agenda of music for older adults – to the potentials of holistic and sustainable learning and participation in music. To do so, we draw from the concept of policy congruence, presenting a vision of policy as a critical catalyst that may amplify parameters for concerted initiatives among multiple constituencies within music education. We argue these amplified parameters may afford renewed efforts towards transdisciplinary action that can support the actions of community musicians and strengthen their role as networked actors labouring in consonance with others in the growingly significant areas of lifelong learning and ageing populations. Our stance is that, if we can assume that music education and musical participation have a serious contribution to make in the lives and well being of individuals across the lifespan, including older adults, then we ought to consider how systematic policy engagement may actively contribute to appropriate allocation of resources and renewed pedagogical and organizational framings, which more directly use lifelong learning to support sustainable ageing.
The Mothers of Tiananmen: Curating Social Justice
Authors: Ashton Jenna C.
Published: December 2021

Focusing on the activist exhibition The Mothers of Tiananmen (2019), this article examines my methodology of curating for social action and justice using international collaboration and participatory arts-as-research. The exhibition responded to the ongoing campaign for justice for the victims and survivors of the Tiananmen Square Massacre, as well as sought to support women’s creative resistance and voice. The Mothers of Tiananmen was co-created with artist Mei Yuk Wong, the 64 Museum (Hong Kong), and artists participating in the Centre for International Women Artists (Manchester). The context for the exhibition is the city of Manchester, which has one of the highest Chinese populations in England, along with a diverse international demographic with over 200 languages spoken. Through this case study, curating is presented as a creative and critical tool by which to respond to the range of justice and activist concerns of international and diasporic communities.
Anticorps
Authors: Alon Noam
Published: December 2021

Curated by Daria de Beauvais, Adélaïde Blanc, Cédric Fauq, Yoann Gourmel, Vittoria Matarrese, François Piron and Hugo Vitrani, Palais de Tokyo, Paris, France, 23 October 2020–28 February 2021
La pantalla videoescénica: interfaz entre presencia y huella
Authors: Montes Rodríguez Gustavo
Published: December 2021

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo determinar las relaciones que se establecen entre presencia e imagen audiovisual en la construcción de un producto híbrido, la obra videoescénica. A través de un diseño metodológico que tiene en cuenta planteamientos de la fenomenología audiovisual de André Bazin y de la teoría del teatro, se llega a la conclusión de que la pantalla funciona como interfaz que establece la unidad de sentido entre cuerpo del actor y su imagen especular y posibilita la expansión figurativa de personajes, acciones, espacio y tiempo basada en la fragmentación y la flexibilidad de la imagen audiovisual.
Improving the knowledge of high school students about zoonotic diseases from pets in Medellín-Colombia
Authors: Corrales Natalia Uribe , Giraldo Karen Velásquez , Garcés Catalina María Saldarriaga , Giraldo Angie Lorena Navarro
Published: December 2021

Background and Aim: The "One Health" concept is a global strategy that recognizes that public health is related to animal health and the environment; however, the role of domestic animals and their involvement in the transmission of zoonoses is often underestimated. The aim of the study was to evaluate and improve the knowledge about zoonotic diseases of domestic animals in high school students from Medellín, Colombia.

Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental intra-subject study was carried out. This study was conducted with 11th-grade students from four schools in Medellín, Colombia. A structured multiple-choice questionnaire was used from March 2021 to May 2021. The research had two phases, first, "naive" knowledge and learning. Then, descriptive, association, and comparative analysis were carried out using absolute and relative frequencies, Pearson's Chi-square test, and MacNemar's test with a value of p<0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results: A research poll from 315 students of four private schools found that feeding their pets with raw food and leftovers cooked for human consumption were common practices; the results also show a lack of knowledge of their pets' immunization deworming status. It was understood that when the students were able to identify at least two symptoms of zoonoses, one route of its' transmission and two preventive measures, we found that only 12.49% of the polled students had proper knowledge of the disease in domestic animals. After conducting an educational strategy, the findings show a general increase in knowledge, leading us to accept that the academic approach was adequate to statistically increase the recognition of symptoms, routes of transmission and preventive measures (p=0.00).

Conclusion: The use of the theoretical lecture is effective to improve the understanding of the concept of transmission of diseases from animals to humans; in addition, the results show an increase of knowledge in high school students of the related symptoms, transmission routes, and preventive measures of zoonoses diseases in the region.
Forests of Finland 2014–2018 and their development 1921–2018
Authors: Korhonen Kari , Ahola Arto , Heikkinen Juha , Henttonen Helena , Hotanen Juha-Pekka , Ihalainen Antti , Melin Markus , Pitkänen Juho , Räty Minna , Sirviö Maria , Strandström Mikael
Published: December 2021

We describe the methodology applied in the 12th national forest inventory of Finland (NFI12) and describe the state of Finlandâs forests as well as the development of some key parameters since 1920s. According to the NFI12, the area of forestry land (consisting of productive and poorly productive forest, unproductive land, and other forestry land) is 26.2 M ha. The area of forestry land has decreased from 1920s to 1960s due to expansion of agriculture and built-up land. 20% of the forestry land is not available for wood supply and 13% is only partly available for wood supply. The area of peatlands is 8.8 M ha, which is one third of the forestry land. 53% of the current area of peatlands is drained. The volume of growing stock, 2500 M m, is 1.7 times the volume estimated in NFI1 in the 1920s for the current territory of Finland. The estimated annual volume increment is 107.8 M m. The increment estimate has doubled since the estimate of NFI2 implemented in late 1930s. The annual mortality is estimated to 7 M m, which is 0.5 M m more than according to the previous inventory. Serious or complete damage was observed on 2% of the productive forest available for wood supply. The amount of dead wood is on average 5.8 m ha in productive forests. Since the NFI9 (1996â2003) the amount of dead wood has increased in South Finland and decreased in North Finland both in protected forests and forests available for wood supply (FAWS). The area of natural or almost natural forests on productive forest is 380â000 ha, out of this, 42â000 ha are in FAWS and 340â000 ha in protected forests.33333â1
The origin and worldwide distribution of regweed
Authors: Makra László , Matyasovszky István , Bodnár Károly , Tusnády Gábor
Published: December 2021

The aim of the study is to provide a survey on the history of ragweed worldwide. Its climate dependence, impacts in agriculture, health effects and social costs are also presented. In Europe common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) is predominant of all Ambrosia species that is supported by population genetic data. The most important habitat areas of ragweed and the highest pollen concentrations occur, in decreasing order of the pollen levels (1) in the south-western part of the European Russia, (2) in the southern and eastern parts of Ukraine, (3) in the Pannonian Plain in Central Europe, (4) in the Rhône-Alpes region in France, furthermore (5) in the Po River valley in Italy. Besides Europe, ragweed occurs in China, India, Japan and in other Asian countries, furthermore in Australia and the Unites States of America. However, beyond the USA little information is available. Warming trends due to the climate change favours the expansion of ragweed, producing higher pollen levels worldwide. In association with the warming, increasing ambient CO2 levels generate greater biomass and increased pollen production. Hence, ragweed pollen production can be expected to increase significantly under predicted future climate conditions, bringing severe impacts to areas that have yet been suffering slightly.
Motivations and the effects of values relating to the consumption of bio foods
Authors: Gergely Éva , Szabó Bernadett
Published: December 2021

The aim of the study is to examine the psychological and demographic factors influencing the consumption of bio foods. The motivations for consuming bio foods and the effect of values were investigated among students. The respondents consider bio foods as healthier, of better quality, more environmental conscious but more expensive than traditional foods. All in all the respondents have positive attitudes relating to bio foods. Consuming bio foods just for fashion and its prestige is not typical among the consumers. The blocking factors of consumption include the price of bio foods and disbelief in the production way. On the basis of the Rokeach Value Survey traditional values such as self-respect, sense of accomplishment and inner harmony are the most important factors for the respondents. Respondents living in independent households with children find the comfortable, exciting and joyful life and even the social recognition important. As in the values of the respondents family has an outstanding role, this could be utilized during marketing communications.
What does the title of the radio program lead to? On the question of the communicative function of the title
Authors: Oreshkina Anastasia
Published: December 2021

The title of the radio program is considered in the aspect of its perception by the addressee. The research material is fragments of the hyperradiotext of the program "Equals among the Firsts", including the title, annotation, announcements of the radio program, as well as comments from Internet users and survey data. The research was carried out in the following stages: searching for associations related to the name of the radio program; establishing a connection between the title and the topic of the program; identifying the actualization of the program title in the announcements of specific issues; analyzing the perception of the title of the radio program by the addressee. The author's communicative strategy of naming a radio program is defined in the case when the name does not have an informative function and hinders cognitive forecasting. A technique is proposed that allows the addressee to realize the connection of the title of the radio program with its subject matter. A certain type of title is considered, which serves as an impulse that allows the addressee, using a number of associative actions, to unravel all the meanings laid down by the author and read them.
Gogolesque in the novel “The Life of Arseniev” by Ivan Bunin
Authors: Vranchan Elena
Published: December 2021

The article deals with the peculiarities of the patriarchal noble-peasant life description in the novel “The Life of Arseniev” (1930) by Ivan Bunin, focuses on the use of characteristic Gogol’s images and techniques. Moreover, the comparison of the artistic interpretation ways of the patriarchal past by the writers reveals the Gogol's influence on the position of Bunin as the author, which is presented in the novel in different ways: from the point of view of an observer narrator who topographically accurately depicts the reality and life of the family estate, and from the point of view of an emigrant, focused on memories of the past, conveying an emotional sense of the connection between generations. In general, Bunin continues to develop the theme of the collision of immobile patriarchy with the quick movement of time that destroys the old serfdom, so his novel is imbued with nostalgia for the small-scale world going into the past. In Bunin's nostalgia, there are echoes of Gogol's sorrow about the doomed old world life.
Psychology of text writing: truths and delusions
Authors: Семилет Тамара
Published: December 2021

Review of the book by E. Peltek "Write - Don't Write: A Psychological Guide for Authors on Working with Text and Oneself". Moscow: Alpina Publisher, 2021
Estudo da interação entre anticorpos monoclonais anti-Streptococcus mutans e antígenos de estreptococos orais
Authors: Kretchetoff Fujiko Y. , Canettieri Antonio Carlos V. , Moreira Daniela , Fujarra Fabio C. , Oliveira Teresa G. , Unterkircher Carmelinda S.
Published: December 2021

Nesse trabalho estudou-se a reatividade de dois anticorpos monoclonais (Acmo) anti-Streptococcus mutans (24A e 56G) desenvolvidos no Laboratório de Imunologia da Faculdade de Odontologia de São José dos Campos-UNESP, frente às cepas de estreptococos orais (S. salivarius, S. mutans e S. pyogenes) pelo ELISA e Western blot. Estes anticorpos eram da classe IgG2b e foram purificados em proteína A. O Acmo 56G mostrou ser o mais reativo com S. mutans. Testado no Western Blot (WB) com o antígeno citoplasmático (AgC) de S.mutans, 56G marcou uma única banda de 53kDa. Com o antígeno de superfície (AgSu) e com células inteiras dos microrganismos estudados, 56G reagiu com componentes de pesos moleculares mais elevados como 116 e 155 kDa. Foi detectada reatividade cruzada do Acmo 56G, no WB, com outros estreptococos orais (S. pyogenes, S. salivarius, S. sobrinus), constatando o compartilhamento de antígenos entre as espécies testadas, o que pode ser um fator importante no desenvolvimento de doenças, como a febre reumática.
Efeito de diferentes métodos de polimerização na microinfiltração marginal de restaurações de resina composta
Authors: Cunha Lia A. , Pagani Clovis , Miranda Carolina B. , Teixeira Symone Cristina , Silva Regina Célia S. P.
Published: December 2021

RESUMOO objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de diferentes métodos de fotopolimerização da resina composta sobre a microinfiltração marginal de restaurações de classe V em dentes bovinos. Foram realizadas 44 restaurações com a resina composta Solitaire, divididas em 4 grupos para a realização da polimerização: G1 – 100 mW/cm2 com 2 ativações de 30s cada; G2 – 200 mW/cm2 com 2 ativações de 30s cada; G3 – 600 mW/cm2 com 2 ativações de 30s cada; G4 – 100 mW/cm2 por 30s, seguida de 600 mW/cm2 por mais 30 segundos. As intensidades foram variadas por meio de tubos plásticos de 2 diferentes comprimentos acoplados à ponta do fotopolimerizador, que determinavam a quantidade de luz que chegava ao corpo-de-prova (tubo de 10cm=100 mW/cm2 e tubo de 2cm=200 mW/cm2). Após 500 ciclos térmicos (5±2°C e 55±2°C), os espécimes foram imersos em solução à base de Rodamina B por 24 horas e a microinfiltração foi avaliada. Os dados de microinfiltração dos quatro tipos de polimerização, quando submetidos ao teste de Kruskal-Wallis não diferiram estatisticamente (Esmalte: kw=3,90; gl=3; p=0,272 e Cemento: kw=4,61; gl=3; p=0,202). O teste de sinais de postos de Wilcoxon, usado para a comparação entre os dados de infiltração do esmalte frente ao cemento, em cada método de fotopolimerização, indicou uma diferença estatisticamente significante para os grupos G1, G2 e G4. Concluiu-se que os diferentes métodos de polimerização não afetaram a microinfiltração marginal de restaurações de resina composta.
Correlation between thumb length on handgrip strength, hand dexterity and musculoskeletal problem among dental professional
Authors: Francis Tilak , Anandhi Siva
Published: December 2021

Objective: The  key  factor  for  potency  of  the  teeth  is  their  muscular  strength.  The dominant  hand  plays  an  important  role  in  most  of  the  daily  muscular  activities  involving  dental  procedure.  There  are  many  factors,  which  may  affect  the  grip strength,  and  very  few  studies  especially  in  India  have  shown  their  correlation with  grip  strength. Work related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSD) are an important occupational health problem affecting dental practitioners. This study assessed the prevalence of WRMSD in dental interns in relation to the thumb length and hand grip strength. Material and Methods: Thumb  length  template,  jammer  dynamometer,  nine-hole  peg board,  and RULA   assessment. Methods: Thumb  length  was measured  by  thumb  length template.  Grip  strength was measured  by  jammer  dynamometer, unilateral  hand  finger  dexterity was measured  by  nine-hole  pegboard,  and  work  related  musculoskeletal  disorder  was assessed  by  RULA. Results: Thumb  length was  positively   correlated  with  grip  strength  and  work related  musculoskeletal  disorder.  Thumb  length  was  negatively  correlated  with unilateral  hand  finger  dexterity  among  dental  professionals. Conclusion: Thumb  length  is  a  better  predictor  for  measuring  hand  grip strength   and   work related musculoskeletal   disorder,   than    unilateral   hand   finger dexterity.KeywordsDental professional; Hand grip strength; Thumb length; Unilateral hand finger dexterity; Work related musculoskeletal disorder.
5th CIDOF
Authors: Oliveira Wagner
Published: December 2021

5th Interdisciplinary Congress of Temporomandibular Dysfunction and Orofacial Pain: proceedings
Impact of Water Resource Auditing - Intergrated Development Approch - to Mitigate Water Related Disasters in the Vavuniya Divisional Secretariat’s Division in Northern Sri Lanka
Authors: K. Thileepan, , S.S. Sivakumar,
Published: December 2021

Sri Lanka is a tropical nation, is highly vulnerable to impacts of climate change. As a small in the Indian Ocean, the coastal region of the Sri Lanka is susceptible to change in sea level. The impact of climate change are widespread and they are likely to create negative socio economic outcomes on many sectors in Srilanka. Traditionally Srilanka has been generalized into three climate zones, namely wet zone, dry zone and intermediate zone. The research area Vavuniya is comes under the dry zone.The dry zone receives a mean annual rainfall of less than 1750 mm with a distinct dry season from may to september. Even though, the established patterns of rainfall have changed in the area. Almost the district is annually affected by the water related disasters. There were lot of polices and stratergic plans carried out by the government to reduce the water related disasters. The water related disasters in this area can be mitigate by proper water resource auditing and intergrated development approaches. This research aims finally to spell out to predict the real sitivuation of the area by collecting the data from the relavent departments and proposes the assessment to improve the current practices in this region
The Role of Dendritic cells in B lymphocytes, T-cell tolerance, Regulatory T Cells, and HIV-1 Pathogenesis as potential target for new Preventive and Therapeutic HIV-1 Vaccine Development (Part Five)
Authors: Bitsue Dr. Zelalem Kiros , Rahmetho Dr. Martha Fekadu
Published: December 2021

Novel vaccination approaches are needed to prevent and control human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
The role of HIV-1 on genetic diversity, drug resistance, response to anti-retroviral, disease progression, and on In vivo HIV control as potential target for therapeutic vaccines Development (Part Seventeen)
Authors: Bitsue Dr. Zelalem Kiros
Published: December 2021

Current treatment of HIV/AIDS consists of a combination of three to five agents targeting different viral proteins, i.e. the reverse transcriptase, protease, integrase and envelope, and aims to suppress viral replication below detectable levels.
El mandato del artículo 16.3 de la Constitución a los poderes públicos y escuela: más allá de la instrucción
Authors: Rodríguez Moya Almudena
Published: December 2021

Desde la aprobación de la Constitución, en 1978, la «cuestión religiosa» ha sufrido diversos cambios. En el ámbito jurídico, sin duda, lo más relevante ha sido el paso de un Estado totalitario y confesional a uno democrático y de laicidad positiva. Desde la perspectiva social, y precisamente gracias al nuevo modelo de libertad religiosa, España ha pasado de ser un país con una sola fe a uno con pluralidad religiosa. El artículo 16.3 obliga a los poderes públicos a tener en cuenta las creencias de la sociedad española. Procede, ahora, ver en qué medida este mandato afecta a la escuela.
Los delitos culturalmente motivados
Authors: Alonso García Carlos Ramiro
Published: December 2021

La convivencia de distintos grupos étnicos bajo un mismo ordenamiento jurídico genera importantes retos para el derecho penal. El presente trabajo se centra en reflexionar cómo los delitos culturalmente motivados cuestionan la incorporación en el juicio de responsabilidad penal del papel que desempeña la cultura del autor. En el artículo se exponen los casos que ejemplifican esta problemática, se acota el concepto de delito culturalmente motivado y se establecen los requisitos para su prueba en juicio. Finalmente, se establece un diálogo entre el derecho penal secular y canónico —y esta es la principal pretensión del trabajo— que lleve a considerar la oportunidad y el modo de aplicar esta categoría en el derecho de la Iglesia, que es el más universal y multicultural que existe atendiendo a sus destinatarios. Con este propósito se analizan varias posibles soluciones dentro de la normativa canónica vigente.
South Africa’s adult educators in the community college sector: Who they are and how they view their training, their work and their position
Authors: Sandra Jane Land
Published: December 2021

This article examines the work context of South Africa’s state-employed adult educators. It is based largely on a recent cross-sectional study of adult educators commissioned by the Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET), which draws on the DHET’s database of adult educators and qualitative information gained from visits to adult education and training centres in all nine provinces. The study enquired into adult educators’ working lives, their qualifications, their sense of whether their training was adequate, the issue of further training, their understanding of their work, their conditions of service and the support they believe they need. The study showed that the number of adult educators employed by the DHET is declining steadily and that the working conditions of adult educators are uneven: a few work in fairly well-resourced urban centres, but many work in poor conditions, with little support. Nevertheless, the study indicated that almost all the adult educators view their role in a positive light. Confident of support from one another, they have a definite shared identity as a social group and express a strong commitment to their learners and the communities in which they work. Overall, they constitute a group with strong, yet poorly tapped, potential to contribute to positive community development.
Promise and performance of gender mainstreaming at a Zimbabwean agricultural training college
Authors: Sebastian Mutambisi  , Manasa Madondo  , Miidzo Mavesera  , Phamela Dube
Published: December 2021

Gender equality in education and training can be achieved only if curricula at every level of the system become gender-sensitive. The present study examines the extent to which the milieu at one agricultural training college in Zimbabwe promotes the implementation of gender-sensitive training. The main investigative question posed was as follows: To what extent is the agricultural education and training curriculum used at the college gender-sensitive? By responding to this question, the study provided some response to the performance, challenges and prospects for gender mainstreaming in the college’s agricultural education curriculum. Data for this study were generated by document analysis of policy, curricular and instructional documents, interviews with 12 college lecturers, four college administrators and selected final year students, and by lesson observations. The study revealed that while government, and to a lesser extent college policies, articulate the need for gender equality, little attention is paid to these invocations in practice. Likewise, agricultural education and training curricula, training techniques, learning-support materials and out-of-class activities reflect minimal attention to issues of gender equality. The article concludes by discussing possible interventions that correspond to these findings.
Immigrant families’ home use of electronic and online Icelandic L2 materials for children
Authors: Hopkins Kelsey P. , Bédi Branislav
Published: December 2021

This article presents two studies performed on 14 immigrant families with children aged one to 16; 12 families in Iceland and two Icelandic families living abroad. Lack of exposure and availability of online materials for learning Icelandic as an L2 may affect what skills children can practise at home. This study represents 32 children aged one to 16, all of whom practise Icelandic (L2) at home. Data regarding use and availability of online and offline learning materials were collected by means of a survey containing both open-ended and closed questions. A comprehensive, central directory of available materials was created in parallel as a desktop research. These studies reveal that Icelandic is spoken in most homes but children require further development of specific language skills, predominantly reading. Families consider reading, writing, and vocabulary to be the most important skills to practise, while grammar, speaking, and listening take lower priority. Children’s books are the most frequently used learning material, while textbooks, audiobooks, and other language programmes or apps are used less frequently. TV, films, and online channels (e.g. YouTube) are used to provide language exposure.
K obsahu a rozsahu veřejných subjektivních práv
Authors: Kopecký Martin
Published: December 2021

The paper deals with the conception of public rights, their attributes, and a definition of the typical groups of public rights. The author analyses which duties of public authorities may be enforced before the court. The author further shows when individual persons have no legal claim to fulfilment of duties of public authorities. The paper analyses the evolution of public rights within the area of public administration and the possibilities of enforcement of these rights.
Vliv organizace státní správy na (místní) příslušnost soudů ve správním soudnictví
Authors: Potěšil Lukáš
Published: December 2021

This paper deals with changes that have taken place in the organisation of state administration from the perspective of administrative justice and its local jurisdiction. In order to do so, the paper answers the basic question of whether the organisation of state administration (in terms of the local jurisdiction of administrative authorities) and the organisation of administrative courts (also in terms of their local jurisdiction) are related or not. In this context, it is worth considering whether the organisation of administrative justice should follow the organisation of the public/state administration as such and its trends, or even the opposite, and whether the two phenomena should not be independent of each other. The paper summarises the issue of the criteria for determining the local jurisdiction of administrative courts, the legal regulation of which has undergone certain developments, similar to the development of the legal regulation of the organisation of the state administration. The question is whether any common indicators can be traced. The issue under examination is not only of a purely practical nature, such as the criteria for determining the local jurisdiction of an administrative court. It is related to the overall state of both the state administration and the administrative justice and their organization, and it offers a number of questions of a more general nature, such as the formal and informal impact of “its” regional court on the administrative authorities within its jurisdiction, the influence of their case law on “local administrative law”, the question of the availability of administrative courts, or access to them, as well as their caseload. Overall, the paper discusses whether it is possible to find any relationship, or rather consequences, arising from the local jurisdiction of administrative authorities, resulting of course from the form of the organisation of the state administration, and the (non)corresponding local jurisdiction of the administrative justice. Possible de lege ferenda considerations in terms of the organisation and local jurisdiction of the administrative justice are also mentioned.
Impact of school closures and re-openings on COVID-19 transmission
Authors: El Jaouhari Maryem , Edjoc Rojiemiahd , Waddell Lisa , Houston Patricia , Atchessi Nicole , Striha Megan , Bonti-Ankomah Samuel
Published: December 2021

Background: Globally, the education of students at primary and secondary schools has been severely disrupted by the implementation of school closures to reduce the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The effectiveness of school closures in reducing transmission of COVID-19 and the impact of re-opening schools are unclear. Methods: Research criteria for this rapid review included empirical studies, published or pre-published worldwide before January 25, 2021, that assessed the effectiveness of school closures in reducing the spread of COVID-19 and the impact of school re-openings on COVID-19 transmission. Results: Twenty-four studies on the impact of school closures and re-openings on COVID-19 transmission were identified through the seven databases that were searched. Overall the evidence from these studies was mixed and varied due to several factors such as the time of implementation of public health measures, research design of included studies and variability among the levels of schooling examined. Conclusion: Preliminary findings suggest that school closures have limited impact on reducing COVID-19 transmission, with other non-pharmaceutical interventions considered much more effective. However, due to the limitations of the studies, further research is needed to support the use of this public health measure in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Incidence de la fermeture et de la réouverture des écoles sur la transmission de la COVID-19
Authors: El Jaouhari Maryem , Edjoc Rojiemiahd , Waddell Lisa , Houston Patricia , Atchessi Nicole , Striha Megan , Bonti-Ankomah Samuel
Published: December 2021

Contexte : À l’échelle mondiale, l’éducation des élèves des écoles primaires et secondaires a été gravement perturbée par la fermeture des écoles pour réduire la propagation de la maladie à coronavirus en 2019 (COVID-19). L’efficacité de la fermeture des écoles pour la réduction de la transmission de la COVID-19 et l’impact de la réouverture des écoles ne sont pas clairs. Méthodes : Les critères de recherche pour cet examen rapide comprenaient des études empiriques, publiées ou prépubliées dans le monde entier avant le 25 janvier 2021, qui évaluaient l’efficacité de la fermeture des écoles pour réduire la propagation de la COVID-19 et l’incidence de la réouverture des écoles sur la transmission de la COVID-19. Résultats : Vingt-quatre études sur l’incidence de la fermeture et de la réouverture des écoles sur la transmission de la COVID-19 ont été relevées dans les sept bases de données qui ont fait l’objet d’une recherche. Dans l’ensemble, les données probantes de ces études étaient mitigées et variées en raison de plusieurs facteurs, comme le moment de la mise en œuvre des mesures de santé publique, la conception de la recherche des études incluses et la variabilité entre les niveaux de scolarité examinés. Conclusion : Les résultats préliminaires suggèrent que la fermeture des écoles ont une incidence limitée sur la réduction de la transmission de la COVID-19, d’autres interventions non pharmaceutiques étant considérées comme beaucoup plus efficaces. Toutefois, en raison des limites des études, d’autres recherches sont nécessaires pour appuyer l’utilisation de cette mesure de santé publique en réponse à la pandémie de COVID-19.
Teksty urzędowe autorstwa mieszkańców wsi jako materiał do badania ich kompetencji komunikacyjnych – problemy i wyzwania metodologiczne
Authors: Piechnik Anna
Published: December 2021

Przeobrażenia kulturowe i cywilizacyjne współczesnej wsi powodują konieczność interdyscyplinarnych badań umożliwiających uchwycenie i opis tych zmian. Badaniom poddawano dotąd niemal wyłącznie język mówiony jako podstawowy i zwykle jedyny kod komunikacji mieszkańców wsi, którzy teksty pisane tworzą rzadko, głównie w kontaktach z urzędem. Teksty takie dają więc rzadką okazję wglądu w ich kompetencje komunikacyjne, tekstotwórcze, stylistyczne, w stosowane przez nich strategie perswazyjne. Pokazują też, na ile gwara odzwierciedla się w ich tekstach pisanych. Potencjał takich tekstów potwierdziły badania podań do małopolskich ośrodków pomocy społecznej. Poddanie analizie materiału z innych obszarów Polski pozwoliłoby wysnuć ogólniejsze wnioski na temat stylu urzędowego mieszkańców wsi.
O wpływach ciał niebieskich. Wstęp do astrologii politycznej
Authors: Czeczot Katarzyna
Published: December 2021

Punktem wyjścia artykułu jest przemiana, jakiej uległo – wraz z nadejściem zachodniej nowoczesności – pojęcie wpływu, który jeszcze w siedemnastym wieku był definiowany jako oddziaływanie ciał niebieskich na obszar ziemski i dopiero w dziewiętnastym nabrał dzisiejszego, bardziej ogólnego sensu. Przemianę tę zarysowuję na tle innych, charakterystycznych dla nowoczesności procesów. Jednym z nich jest wyrugowanie astrologii z pola nauki, powiązane z triumfem filozofii dualistycznej, narodzinami przemysłowego kapitalizmu, które razem wzięte uprzedmiotowiły i utowarowiły naturę. Drugi z tych procesów to kariera, jaką w dziewiętnastym wieku zaczyna robić pojęcie wpływu, stając się jedną z ważniejszych kategorii nie tylko nauk przyrodniczych, lecz również społecznych, w których – rozumiany bardziej jako władza duchowa – pozwala opisać działanie idei na społeczeństwo i intelektualistów na rząd. Trzecim w końcu – narodziny nowoczesnego podmiotu wraz z charakterystycznym dla niego „lękiem przed wpływem”. Tak zarysowane konteksty pozwalają w nowym świetle zobaczyć nowoczesność jako cywilizację, w której wpływ otoczenia na człowieka został zaklasyfikowany jako jednoznaczne zagrożenie. Pozwalają również zadać pytanie, na ile to właśnie nowoczesne przedefiniowanie relacji człowieka z kosmosem odpowiada za kryzys ekologiczny.
TURL
Authors: Deng Xiang , Sun Huan , Lees Alyssa , Wu You , Yu Cong
Published: December 2021

Relational tables on the Web store a vast amount of knowledge. Owing to the wealth of such tables, there has been tremendous progress on a variety of tasks in the area of table understanding. However, existing work generally relies on heavily-engineered task-specific features and model architectures. In this paper, we present TURL, a novel framework that introduces the pre-training/fine-tuning paradigm to relational Web tables. During pre-training, our framework learns deep contextualized representations on relational tables in an unsupervised manner. Its universal model design with pre-trained representations can be applied to a wide range of tasks with minimal task-specific fine-tuning.

Specifically, we propose a structure-aware Transformer encoder to model the row-column structure of relational tables, and present a new Masked Entity Recovery (MER) objective for pre-training to capture the semantics and knowledge in large-scale unlabeled data. We systematically evaluate TURL with a benchmark consisting of 6 different tasks for table understanding (e.g., relation extraction, cell filling). We show that TURL generalizes well to all tasks and substantially outperforms existing methods in almost all instances.
Disk
Authors: Wang Yue , Xu Ruiqi , Feng Zonghao , Che Yulin , Chen Lei , Luo Qiong , Mao Rui
Published: December 2021

Measuring similarities among different nodes is important in graph analysis. SimRank is one of the most popular similarity measures. Given a graph
G
(
V
,
E
) and a source node
u
, a single-source Sim-Rank query returns the similarities between
u
and each node
v
∈
V.
This type of query is often used in link prediction, personalized recommendation and spam detection. While dealing with a large graph is beyond the ability of a single machine due to its limited memory and computational power, it is necessary to process single-source SimRank queries in a distributed environment, where the graph is partitioned and distributed across multiple machines. However, most current solutions are based on shared-memory model, where the whole graph is loaded into a shared memory and all processors can access the graph randomly. It is difficult to deploy such algorithms on shared-nothing model. In this paper, we present DISK, a distributed framework for processing single-source SimRank queries. DISK follows the linearized formulation of SimRank, and consists of offline and online phases. In the offline phase, a tree-based method is used to estimate the diagonal correction matrix of SimRank accurately, and in the online phase, single-source similarities are computed iteratively. Under this framework, we propose different optimization techniques to boost the indexing and queries. DISK guarantees both accuracy and parallel scalability, which distinguishes itself from existing solutions. Its accuracy, efficiency, parallel scalability and scalability are also verified by extensive experimental studies. The experiments show that DISK scales up to graphs of billions of nodes and edges, and answers online queries within seconds, while ensuring the accuracy bounds.
Scalable querying of nested data
Authors: Smith Jaclyn , Benedikt Michael , Nikolic Milos , Shaikhha Amir
Published: December 2021

While large-scale distributed data processing platforms have become an attractive target for query processing, these systems are problematic for applications that deal with nested collections. Programmers are forced either to perform non-trivial translations of collection programs or to employ automated flattening procedures, both of which lead to performance problems. These challenges only worsen for nested collections with skewed cardinalities, where both handcrafted rewriting and automated flattening are unable to enforce load balancing across partitions.

In this work, we propose a framework that translates a program manipulating nested collections into a set of semantically equivalent shredded queries that can be efficiently evaluated. The framework employs a combination of query compilation techniques, an efficient data representation for nested collections, and automated skew-handling. We provide an extensive experimental evaluation, demonstrating significant improvements provided by the framework in diverse scenarios for nested collection programs.