bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Structural and Magnetic Investigation of Ferromagnetically Coupled Copper(II) Isophthalates
Authors: Shen Wei‐Zheng , Chen Xiao‐Yan , Cheng Peng , Yan Shi‐Ping , Zhai Bin , Liao Dai‐Zheng , Jiang Zong‐Hui
Published: May 2005

Dinuclear and one‐dimensional copper complexes [Cu2(tpa)2(m‐bda)](ClO4)2 (1), [{Cu2(tpm)2(m‐bda)2}·2 CH3OH·4 H2O]n (2), and [{Cu2(bpm)2(m‐bda)2(H2O)}·CH3CN·H2O]n (3) [tpa: tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine; tpm: tris(pyrazolyl)methane; bpm: bis(pyrazolyl)methane; m‐bda: isophthalate dianion] have been prepared from various polydentate terminal ligands. Complex 1 crystallizes in the monoclinicP21/c space group with a = 14.003(6), b = 17.201(7), c = 20.654(9) Å, Z = 4, R1 = 0.0678, wR2 = 0.1751. Complex 2 crystallizes in the triclinic P$\tilde {1}$ space group with a = 10.250(7), b = 15.078(10), c = 15.190(10) Å, Z = 2, R1 = 0.0571, wR2 = 0.1288. Complex 3 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pnma space group with a = 17.956(6), b = 17.615(5), c = 10.776(4) Å, Z = 4, R1 = 0.0554, wR2 = 0.0845. In these complexes the isophthalate anion acts as a bis(monodentate) ligand bridging copper(II) centers. The variable temperature magnetic behavior reveals the existence of ferromagnetic interactions in 1–3. The best fittings to the experimental magnetic susceptibilities give J = 1.02 cm–1 (1), 2.58 cm–1 (2), and 35.5 cm–1 (3). In light of the structural data it can be concluded that the magnetic coupling via the isophthalate bridging ligand is negligibly small, and the abnormally large ferromagnetic interaction in complex 3 may be due to the hydrogen bonding between copper centers via carboxylic groups through a spin‐polarization mechanism. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
New West Himalayan genus of the Umbelliferae, with notes on Tibetan species, described in Pachypleurum
Authors: Pimenov M. G. , Kljuykov E. V.
Published: May 2005

A new genus Kailashia Pimenov & Kljuykov [type species K. xizangensis (Chang HoTseng & Shan RenHwa) Pimenov & Kljuykov, comb. nova, transferred from Pachypleurum] and a new species of this genus, K. robusta Pimenov & Kljuykov, from the Indian state of Uttaranchal, have been described. Other Pachypleurum species, earlier described from the autonomous Chinese region of Xizang, were transferred to Cortia. P. nyalamense was shown to be identical to C. depressa, and for P. lhasanum a new combination, C. lhasana (Chang HoTseng & Shan RenHwa) Pimenov & Kljuykov comb. nova has been proposed. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Analysis of sterilization protocols for peptide‐modified hydrogels
Authors: Huebsch Nathaniel , Gilbert Michele , Healy Kevin E.
Published: May 2005

Concerns about the efficacy of ethanol disinfection for implanted biomaterials prompted investigation of an alternative sterilization process, ultraviolet irradiation, for terminal sterilization of N‐isopropylacrylamide–based hydrogels containing biomimetic peptides. Ultraviolet irradiation is more easily applied on a laboratory scale than gamma irradiation or electron beam, two commercially utilized methods; thus, UVC irradiation was investigated as a low‐cost sterilization procedure that might be performed in laboratories prior to in vivo studies. UVC irradiation at 400 μW/cm2 for up to 15 h did not prevent growth of Escherichia coli within the hydrogels, while ethanol disinfection did prevent growth for the duration of the experiment (120 h). Furthermore, UVC irradiation caused progressive degradation of peptides containing the Arg‐Gly‐Arg (RGD) domain. UVC irradiation cannot be used as a terminal sterilization process for peptide‐modified materials. The system used in this study is not intended to be adequate for evaluating the sterility of medical devices in accordance with current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP); however, it remains a useful, low‐cost system for the preliminary evaluation of sterilization procedures in terms of their ability to eliminate pathogenic organisms while preserving the structure of biologically active molecules within in a laboratory setting. Ethanol treatment is still the preferred method for disinfection of bioactive materials containing peptides or UV‐degradable groups. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2005
Maxillary sinus augmentation with Bio‐Oss® particles: A light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy study in man
Authors: Orsini Giovanna , Traini Tonino , Scarano Antonio , Degidi Marco , Perrotti Vittoria , Piccirilli Marcello , Piattelli Adriano
Published: May 2005

Biological interactions occurring at the bone–biomaterial interface are critical for long‐term clinical success. Bio‐Oss® is a deproteinized, sterilized bovine bone that has been extensively used in bone regeneration procedures. The aim of the present study was a comparative light, scanning, and electron microscopy evaluation of the interface between Bio‐Oss® and bone in specimens retrieved after sinus augmentation procedures. Under light microscopy, most of the particles were surrounded by newly formed bone, while in a few cases, at the interface of some particles it was possible to observe marrow spaces and biological fluids. Under scanning electron microscopy, in most cases, the particle perimeter appeared lined by bone that was tightly adherent to the biomaterial surface. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the bone tissue around the biomaterial showed all the phases of the bone healing process. In some areas, randomly organized collagen fibers were present, while in other areas, newly formed compact bone was present. In the first bone lamella collagen fibers contacting the Bio‐Oss® surface were oriented at 243.73 ± 7.12° (mean ± SD), while in the rest of the lamella they were oriented at 288.05 ± 4.86° (mean ± SD) with a statistically significant difference of 44.32° (p < 0.001). In the same areas the intensity of gray value was 172.56 ± 18.15 (mean ± SD) near the biomaterial surface and 158.71 ± 21.95 (mean ± SD) in the other part of the lamella with an unstatistically significant difference of 13.79 (p = 0.071). At the bone–biomaterial interface there was also an electron‐dense layer similar to cement lines. This layer had a variable morphology being, in some areas, a thin line, and in other areas, a thick irregular band. The analyses showed that Bio‐Oss® particles do not interfere with the normal osseous healing process after sinus lift procedures and promote new bone formation. In conclusion, this study serves as a better understanding of the morphologic characteristics of Bio‐Oss® and its interaction with the surrounding tissues. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2005
Lentiviral transduction of human hematopoietic cells by HIV‐1‐ and SIV‐based vectors containing a bicistronic cassette driven by various internal promoters
Authors: Dupuy Franck P. , Mouly Enguerran , Mesel‐Lemoine Mariana , Morel Céline , Abriol Julien , Cherai Mustapha , Baillou Claude , Nègre Didier , Cosset François‐Loïc , Klatzmann David , Lemoine François M.
Published: May 2005

Background

Lentiviral gene transfer into hematopoietic cells has been mostly optimized with vectors carrying a single reporter gene. For many clinical applications, lentiviral vectors should contain more than one gene because transduced cells should be enriched by a selectable marker or killed for safety reasons after use. Thus, we compared various vectors containing a bicistronic cassette driven by different ubiquitous promoters for their ability to transduce human T‐lymphocytes, CD34+‐cells, and dendritic cells (DCs) derived from CD34+‐cells or monocytes.

Methods

We designed HIV or SIV constructs containing a bicistronic cassette composed of two reporter genes (thy1/GFP) linked by an internal ribosome entry site sequence and driven by the cytomegalovirus (CMV) or elongation factor 1α (EF1α) promoters. The woodchuck hepatitis virus post‐transcriptional regulatory element (WPRE) was or not inserted within the constructs, the Vpx accessory protein was or not used for SIV vectors. Target cells were infected at the same multiplicity of infection, transduction efficiency was analyzed both by flow cytometry and vector integration.

Results

For T‐cells, HIV‐based vectors/WPRE+ in which the thy1/GFP cassette was driven by the EF1α promoter were more efficient than SIV‐based vectors. For CD34+‐cells and CD34+‐derived DCs, better thy1/GFP expression was achieved when the CMV promoter drove the cassette inserted into HIV‐based vectors/WPRE+. Conversely, for monocyte‐derived DCs, the cassette yielded better thy1/GFP expression when inserted into SIV‐based vectors/WPRE+ and driven by the CMV or EF1α promoters, the use of Vpx significantly improving the expression levels.

Conclusions

Our results provide guidelines for improving the transduction of T‐cells, CD34+‐cells or DCs with lentiviral bicistronic vectors designed for clinical applications. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cellular and subcellular distribution of monocarboxylate transporters in cultured brain cells and in the adult brain
Authors: Pellerin Luc , Bergersen Linda H. , Halestrap Andrew P. , Pierre Karin
Published: May 2005

The original article of this erratum was published in J Neurosci Res 2005; 79: 55–64
Cerebral pyruvate carboxylase flux is unaltered during bicuculline‐seizures
Authors: Patel Anant B. , Chowdhury Golam M.I. , de Graaf Robin A. , Rothman Douglas L. , Shulman Robert G. , Behar Kevin L.
Published: May 2005

The original article of this erratum was published in J Neurosci Res 2005; 79: 128–138
Investigation of a novel mixed‐mode stationary phase for capillary electrochromatography. Part III: Separation of nucleosides and nucleic acid bases on sulfonated naphthalimido‐modified silyl silica gel
Authors: Ohyama Kaname , Fujimoto Emiko , Wada Mitsuhiro , Kishikawa Naoya , Ohba Yoshihito , Akiyama Shuzo , Nakashima Kenichiro , Kuroda Naotaka
Published: May 2005

Capillary electrochromatography (CEC) with a novel stationary phase, 3‐(4‐sulfo‐1,8‐naphthalimido)propyl‐modified silyl silica gel (SNAIP), proved useful for the separation of nucleosides and nucleic acid bases. The application scope of SNAIP, which is a relatively polar reversed‐phase (RP)‐type stationary phase, was successfully expanded to include the CEC separation of polar compounds although the combination of non‐polar RP phase with highly aqueous mobile phase is often inadequate. Due to the permanently charged sulfonic acid groups and the naphthalimidopropyl moiety, the retention of charged and relatively polar nucleosides as well as bases on the SNAIP stationary phase was effected by electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. This yielded a unique selectivity on SNAIP toward nucleosides and bases. The characteristic EOF on SNAIP, which was stronger at higher aqueous content in the mobile phase, proved suitable for the separation of polar compounds in reversed‐phase mode with highly aqueous mobile phase. In addition, when a double stepwise gradient was employed to accelerate the latest peak (adenine), the elution time was shortened to less than half its original duration.
Influence of heat flux and surface temperature on the intergranular corrosion of stainless steel
Authors: Prošek T. , Novák P. , Bystrianský J.
Published: May 2005

The exposure tests followed by metallographic evaluation and the electrochemical reactivation measurements in double‐loop (DL‐EPR) modification were used for investigation of the influence of non‐boiling heat transfer on initiation and rate of propagation of intergranular corrosion (IGC) of sensitized austenitic stainless steel EN 1.4301 (AISI 304) in sulfuric acid solutions. The influence of heat flux and surface temperature was ascertained separately. The susceptibility to IGC and the rate of crack propagation increased with the surface temperature. Heat flux from metal to solution at constant surface temperature facilitated the IGC initiation, but at the same time it caused a drop of the corrosion attack depth in the metal. The increase of the heat flux by 10 kW m−2 in a range from 0 to 42 kW m−2 led to a drop of the maximum depth of cracks formed after subsequent bending the specimen, in average by 8%. The overall danger of corrosion was lower at positive heat flux between metal and solution than under isothermal conditions at constant surface temperature of the metal. The intensification of heat flux by 10 kW m−2 had the same effect on the IGC as a change of the surface temperature by less than 2 K. Therefore, the effect of the heat flux on IGC of the heat exchangers operating under non‐boiling conditions may be considered as relatively less important than the effect of the surface temperature.
Relationship between the ennoblement of passive metals and microbe adsorption kinetics in seawater
Authors: Wei W. , Jia W. , Haibo X. , Xiangbo L.
Published: May 2005

The relationship between microbial colonization of two kinds of passive metals and ennobling of their corrosion potentials (Ecorr) were studied. Two types of passive metal coupons were exposed to natural seawater for about ten days. Under laboratory conditions, all corrosion potentials of the samples ennobled for about 200 mV. Epifluorescence microscopy showed that bacteria adsorption was the main process during about the first day immersion and bacteria reproduced in the following days. The bacteria number increased on the metal surface according to an exponential law and the kinetics of bacteria adsorption at the metal surface during this period was proposed. The ennoblement of Ecorr was similar to the increasing bacteria number: Ecorr increased quickly during the bacteria adsorption process and increased slowly after biofilms had formed.
Inclusion‐involved fatigue cracking in high temperature water
Authors: Wu X. , Katada Y.
Published: May 2005

The nonmetallic inclusions in low‐alloy pressure vessel steel A533B were carefully examined and the low cycle fatigue (LCF) behavior of the steel was investigated in 288°C air and water. Much attention was paid to the roles of inclusions on fatigue crack initiation and propagation in high temperature water. Three types of inclusions were observed in the steel, consisting of isolated or clustered sulfide inclusions, duplex oxide‐sulfide inclusions and isolated oxide inclusions. In high temperature air, fatigue cracks initiated predominantly from subsurface inclusions. In high temperature water, however, fatigue cracks initiated primarily at corrosion pits on the specimen surfaces resulted mainly from the dissolution of large or clustered sulfide inclusions. The subsurface and bulk inclusions also contributed to the fatigue cracking in high temperature water. Possible influence of the above three types of inclusions on environmentally assisted cracking (EAC) was evaluated. The fatigue fractographic features suggested a synergism between sulfide inclusions and hydrogen‐induced cracking dominate the present EAC in high temperature water.
Emergency hospital admissions in idiopathic Parkinson's disease
Authors: Woodford Henry , Walker Richard
Published: May 2005

Little is known about the hospital inpatient care of patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we describe the features of the emergency hospital admissions of a geographically defined population of PD patients over a 4‐year period. Patients with PD were identified from a database for a Parkinson's disease service in a district general hospital with a drainage population of approximately 180,000. All admissions of this patient subgroup to local hospitals were found from the computer administration system. Two clinicians experienced in both general medicine and PD then reviewed the notes to identify reasons for admission. Admission sources and discharge destinations were recorded. Data regarding non‐PD patients was compared to PD patients on the same elderly care ward over the same time period. The total number of patients exposed to analysis was 367. There was a total exposure of 775.8 years and a mean duration of 2.11 years per patient. There were 246 emergency admissions to the hospital with a total duration of stay of 4,257 days (mean, 17.3 days). These days were accounted for by 129 patients (mean age, 78 years; 48% male). PD was first diagnosed during 12 (4.9%) of the admissions. The most common reasons for admission were as follows: falls (n = 44, 14%), pneumonia (n = 37, 11%), urinary tract infection (n = 28, 9%), reduced mobility (n = 27, 8%), psychiatric (n = 26, 8%), angina (n = 21, 6%), heart failure (n = 20, 6%), fracture (n = 14, 4%), orthostatic hypotension (n = 13, 4%), surgical (n = 13, 4%), upper gastrointestinal bleed (n = 10, 3%), stroke/transient ischemic attack (n = 8, 2%), and myocardial infarction (n = 7, 2%). The mean length of stay for the PD patients on the care of elderly ward specializing in PD care was 21.3 days compared to 17.8 days for non‐PD patients. After hospital admission, there was a reduction in those who returned to their own home from 179 to 163 and there was an increase in those requiring nursing home care from 37 to 52. Infections, cardiovascular diseases, falls, reduced mobility, and psychiatric complications accounted for the majority of admissions. By better understanding the way people with PD use hospital services, we may improve quality of care and perhaps prevent some inpatient stays and care‐home placements. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Effects of periodic leg movements during sleep in middle‐aged subjects without sleep complaints
Authors: Carrier Julie , Frenette Sonia , Montplaisir Jacques , Paquet Jean , Drapeau Caroline , Morettini Jocelyn
Published: May 2005

Recent reports have called into question the relevance of periodic leg movements during sleep disorder (PLMSD) as a specific clinical entity. Because periodic leg movement in sleep index (PLMSI) increases with age, it has become an important exclusion criterion in research on aging. However, it is unknown if PLMSI is related to sleep quality in middle‐aged subjects without sleep complaints. The sleep of 70 healthy, middle‐aged subjects (age 40 to 60 years) without sleep complaints was evaluated. Subjects were divided into two groups according to their PLMSI severity: (1) 43 subjects (28 women, 15 men) were in the low PLMSI group (<5) and (2) 22 subjects (9 women, 13 men) were in the high PLMSI group (>10). A significantly higher proportion of men than women showed PLMSI greater than 5. There was no significant effect of PLMSI severity group for polysomnographic sleep parameters. PLMSI exerted a small but significant effect on subjective sleep quality, especially in middle‐aged men. These results raise questions about the relevance of PLMSI as a pathological index for middle‐aged subjects without sleep complaints and support the notion that an increase in PLMSI may be part of the normal process of aging associated with the loss of dopaminergic function. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Dietary fiber, inflammation, and cardiovascular disease
Authors: King Dana E.
Published: May 2005

The role of dietary fiber in the prevention of cardiovascular disease has received increasing attention as data have accumulated. Recent cohort studies have found a consistent protective effect of dietary fiber on cardiovascular disease outcomes, prompting many leading organizations to recommend increased fiber in the daily diet. However, the biologic mechanisms explaining how a fiber influences the cardiovascular system have yet to be fully elucidated. Recent research in large national sample in the USA has demonstrated an association between dietary fiber and levels of C‐reactive protein (CRP), a clinical indicator of inflammation. Epidemiologic evidence demonstrating that high‐fiber diets are beneficial, coupled with this newer evidence of a possible metabolic effect on inflammatory markers, suggest that inflammation may be an important mediator in the association between dietary fiber and cardiovascular disease (CVD). This paper reviews the evidence for the connections among inflammation, CRP, dietary fiber, and CVD, and recommends further clinical studies using fiber supplementation to isolate and prospectively confirm these important relationships.
High‐resolution magic‐angle‐spinning 1H NMR spectroscopy reveals different responses in choline‐containing metabolites upon gene therapy‐induced programmed cell death in rat brain glioma
Authors: Valonen Piia K. , Griffin Julian L. , Lehtimäki Kimmo K. , Liimatainen Timo , Nicholson Jeremy K. , Gröhn Olli H. J. , Kauppinen Risto A.
Published: May 2005

Changes in the concentrations of choline‐containing metabolites (CCM) have been implicated in both cell proliferation and death processes. In this study, high‐resolution magic‐angle‐spinning (HRMAS) 1H NMR spectroscopy was used to study metabolite changes in the CCM chemical shift region in rat glioma ex vivo during apoptosis induced by thymidine kinase–ganciclovir gene therapy. Cell density and apoptotic activity in the tumours were quantified by histological methods. HRMAS 1H NMR was able to resolve peaks from choline (Cho), glycerophosphocholine (GPC), phosphocholine (PC), taurine (Tau) and myo‐inositol (myo‐Ins), all of which contribute to the in vivo 1H NMR peak centred at 3.23 ppm. The early phase of apoptosis (treatment day 4), with a ∼2.8‐fold increase in the number of apoptotic nuclei (at constant cell density of 1.8 ± 0.1 × 105 cells/mm3) was associated with increases in resonance intensity from GPC and PC, while Cho and Tau remained unchanged. Later stage apoptosis, accompanied by synchronous cell death (cell density declined to 0.7 ± 0.02 × 105 cells/mm3), resulted in a significant decline in Tau relative to untreated tumours, while the contents of CCMs and myo‐Ins detectable by 1H HRMAS were unchanged. These observations demonstrate that, while the in vivo 1H NMR peak at 3.23 ppm is indicative of cellular processes involved in apoptosis, the biochemical changes monitored by this resonance involve a number of different and chemically distinct metabolites. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FAWSETS perfusion measurements in exercising skeletal muscle
Authors: Marro Kenneth I. , Hyyti Outi M. , Kushmerick Martin J.
Published: May 2005

Arterial spin labeling (ASL) techniques are now recognized as valid tools for providing accurate measurements of cerebral and cardiac perfusion. The labeling process used with most ASL techniques creates two problems, magnetization transfer (MT) effects and arterial transit time effects, that require compensation. The compensation process limits time resolution and hinders absolute quantification. MT effects are particularly problematic in skeletal muscle because they are large and change rapidly during exercise. The protocol presented here was developed specifically for quantification of perfusion in exercising skeletal muscle. The ASL technique that was implemented, FAWSETS, eliminates MT effects and arterial transit times. Localized, single‐voxel perfusion measurements were acquired from rat hind limbs at rest, during ischemia and during three different levels of stimulated exercise. The results demonstrate sufficient sensitivity to determine the time constants for perfusion changes at onset of, and during recovery from, exercise and to distinguish the differences in the amplitude of the perfusion response to different levels of exercise. Additional measurements were conducted to demonstrate insensitivity to MT effects. The exercise protocol is easily adaptable to phosphorous magnetic resonance measurements, allowing the possibility to acquire local measurements of perfusion and metabolism from the same tissue in future experiments. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synaptic integration in dendritic trees
Authors: Gulledge Allan T. , Kampa Björn M. , Stuart Greg J.
Published: May 2005

Most neurons have elaborate dendritic trees that receive tens of thousands of synaptic inputs. Because postsynaptic responses to individual synaptic events are usually small and transient, the integration of many synaptic responses is needed to depolarize most neurons to action potential threshold. Over the past decade, advances in electrical and optical recording techniques have led to new insights into how synaptic responses propagate and interact within dendritic trees. In addition to their passive electrical and morphological properties, dendrites express active conductances that shape individual synaptic responses and influence synaptic integration locally within dendrites. Dendritic voltage‐gated Na+ and Ca2+ channels support action potential backpropagation into the dendritic tree and local initiation of dendritic spikes, whereas K+ conductances act to dampen dendritic excitability. While all dendrites investigated to date express active conductances, different neuronal types show specific patterns of dendritic channel expression leading to cell‐specific differences in the way synaptic responses are integrated within dendritic trees. This review explores the way active and passive dendritic properties shape synaptic responses in the dendrites of central neurons, and emphasizes their role in synaptic integration. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 64: 75–90, 2005
Local translational control in dendrites and its role in long‐term synaptic plasticity
Authors: Sutton Michael A. , Schuman Erin M.
Published: May 2005

Local protein synthesis in dendrites has emerged as a key mechanism contributing to enduring forms of synaptic plasticity. Although the translational capability of dendrites has been appreciated for over 20 years, it is only recently that significant progress has been made in elucidating mechanisms that contribute to its regulation. It is clear from work over the last few years that the control of translation in dendrites is complex, involving a host of unique (and often surprising) mechanisms that can operate together or in parallel to tightly control gene expression in time and space. Here, we discuss the strategies used by neurons to regulate translation in dendrites and how these are implemented in the service of long‐term information storage. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 64: 116–131, 2005
Predictors of screening results for depressive symptoms among homeless adults in Los Angeles with latent tuberculosis
Authors: Berg Jill , Nyamathi Adeline , Christiani Ashley , Morisky Donald , Leake Barbara
Published: May 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine predictors of screening results for depressive symptoms in a Los Angeles homeless population with latent tuberculosis (TB). Four hundred and fifteen homeless adults participating in a nurse case managed intervention were included in this analysis. Logistic regression results indicated that those who reported a physical health limitation, multiple sex partners, daily drug use, alcohol dependence, or not having completed high school, were more likely to screen positive. Social support from non‐drug users was protective. Given the importance of adherence to TB treatment regimens, the high prevalence of a positive screening for depressive symptoms in the homeless and the potential for depression to reduce adherence rates, routine screening and treatment for depression in high risk homeless adults being treated for TB may be warranted. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 28: 220–229, 2005
Relationship of age, injury severity, injury type, comorbid conditions, level of care, and survival among older motor vehicle trauma patients
Authors: Scheetz Linda J.
Published: May 2005

The purpose of this secondary data analysis was to compare age, injury severity, injury types, selected comorbidities, level of care (at trauma center [TC] and non–trauma center [NTC] hospitals), and survival among older motor vehicle trauma patients (N = 1,478). Patients admitted to both levels of care had similar comorbid conditions. TC patients had a higher injury severity, whereas NTC patients had a greater proportion of soft tissue injuries. Results of logistic regression analyses subsequent to group comparisons revealed that higher injury severity was associated with TC admission. The likelihood of TC admission of severely injured patients decreased in the presence of spinal, internal, and head injuries. Internal injuries, liver, renal, and cardiovascular diseases were associated with non‐survival while hypertension was associated with survival. Special attention is needed when triaging older trauma patients because their injuries may be covert, thus putting them at risk for admission to a level of care that may be inappropriate given the extent of their injuries. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 28: 198–209, 2005
Relaxation and music reduce pain following intestinal surgery
Authors: Good Marion , Anderson Gene Cranston , Ahn Sukhee , Cong Xiaomei , Stanton‐Hicks Michael
Published: May 2005

Three nonpharmacological nursing interventions, relaxation, chosen music, and their combination, were tested for pain relief following intestinal (INT) surgery in a randomized clinical trial. The 167 patients were randomly assigned to one of three intervention groups or control and were tested during ambulation and rest on postoperative days 1 and 2. Pain sensation and distress were measured with visual analog scales (VAS). Multivariate analysis of covariance showed significantly less post‐test pain in the intervention groups than in the control group on both days after rest and at three of six ambulation post‐tests (p = .024–.001), resulting in 16–40% less pain. Mixed effects after ambulation were due to the large variation in pain and difficulty relaxing while returning to bed; but post hoc explorations showed effects for those with high and low pain. These interventions are recommended along with analgesics for greater postoperative relief without additional side effects. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 28: 240–251, 2005
Healthy aging demonstration project: Nurse coaching for behavior change in older adults
Authors: Bennett Jill A. , Perrin Nancy A. , Hanson Ginger , Bennett Diane , Gaynor William , Flaherty‐Robb Marna , Joseph Carol , Butterworth Susan , Potempa Kathleen
Published: May 2005

The Healthy Aging Project (HAP) tested nurse coaching as a method to support healthy behavior change in older adults. The sample included 111 individuals randomized to a nurse coaching group or usual‐care control group. Participants in the intervention group chose the health behaviors they wanted to change and received coaching by nurses in a single in‐person session followed by telephone calls or email contact for 6 months. Nurses were trained in motivational interviewing (MI). The intervention group had significantly less illness intrusiveness and health distress than the control group at 6 months, although it is not known whether these health outcomes resulted from behavior changes. This clinical demonstration project showed that nurse‐delivered MI, primarily using the telephone and email, is a feasible method to discuss behavioral change with older adults. However, future clinical trials will be needed to evaluate the efficacy of nurse‐delivered MI on actual behavioral changes in older adults. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 28: 187–197, 2005
Qualitative research contribution to a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Schumacher Karen L. , Koresawa Setsuko , West Claudia , Dodd Marylin , Paul Steven M. , Tripathy Debu , Koo Peter , Miaskowski Christine
Published: May 2005

Qualitative research may be combined fruitfully with intervention studies, but few examples provide detailed methodological strategies for doing so. In this article, we describe the qualitative component of a randomized clinical trial (RCT) of the PRO‐SELF© Pain Control Program, an intervention that provides individualized education, coaching, and support for cancer pain management. We conducted three qualitative analyses of verbatim transcripts of “real‐time” audiotaped intervention sessions. As a result, we were better able to ascertain the nature of the individualized coaching component of the intervention, patient and family caregiver use of selected intervention tools, and reasons the intervention did not work for some patients. Study results were used to increase the specificity with which the coaching portion of the intervention is described in the intervention protocol. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 28: 268–280, 2005
Protein sequence tags: A novel solution for comparative proteomics
Authors: Kuhn Karsten , Prinz Thorsten , Schäfer Jürgen , Baumann Christian , Schärfke Marco , Kienle Stefan , Schwarz Josef , Steiner Sandra , Hamon Christian
Published: May 2005

Comparative proteome profiling using stable isotope peptide labelling and mass spectrometry has emerged as a promising strategy. Here, we show the broad potential of our proprietary protein sequence tag (PST) technology.* A special feature of PST is its ability to detect a wide variety of proteins including the pharmaceutically relevant membrane and nuclear proteins. This procedure addresses a similar number of proteins, compared to the multidimensional protein identification technology approach, but offers additionally a quantitative analysis with its recently developed quantitative PST version.
Modification of photoinitiated cationic epoxide polymerizations by sulfides
Authors: Falk B. , Zonca M. R. , Crivello J. V.
Published: May 2005

The addition of sulfides has a marked effect on the rates of onium salt induced photoinitiated cationic ring‐opening polymerizations of epoxide monomers. Various behaviors have been observed that depend on the structure of the sulfide. Dialkyl sulfides strongly inhibit the photopolymerizations of these monomers, whereas diaryl sulfides have a retarding effect on the photopolymerizations. Real‐time infrared spectroscopy and optical pyrometry have been employed as analytical methods to probe the kinetic effects of the addition of a variety of sulfides on cationic epoxide ring‐opening photopolymerizations. A mechanism is proposed that involves the formation of sulfonium salts as intermediates. The observations made in this study have important implications for cationic photopolymerizations in general and for photoinitiated cationic ring‐opening polymerizations of epoxides in particular. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 2504–2519, 2005
Monooxygenase mediated pyrethroid detoxification in sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis)
Authors: Sevatdal Sigmund , Fallang Anders , Ingebrigtsen Kristian , Horsberg Tor Einar
Published: May 2005

The role of monooxygenases in detoxification of the pyrethroids cypermethrin and deltamethrin was examined. Four strains of sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis Krøyer) with normal or moderately reduced sensitivity towards the pyrethroids were tested in bioassays by exposure to the pyrethroid alone and in combination with an oxygenase inhibitor, piperonyl butoxide (PBO). The normal (baseline) sensitivity was considered as the sensitivity range for the two most sensitive strains. Pre‐treatment with PBO elevated the sensitivity (P < 0.01) compared with groups exposed to the pyrethroid only. A positive, but not statistically significant, correlation between the activity of haem peroxidases and the pyrethroid concentration immobilizing 50% of the parasites was demonstrated (ρ = 0.500 for deltamethrin and ρ = 0.310 for cypermethrin). The results indicate that cytochrome P450 monooxygenases are involved in detoxification of pyrethroids in sea lice. 14C‐Deltamethrin was absorbed in a lesser amount in a group of sea lice exposed to a mixture of the compound and PBO than in a group exposed to 14C‐deltamethrin alone. A significant difference could be demonstrated both immediately after exposure (P < 0.01) and 24 h after exposure (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found between groups pre‐treated with PBO and groups exposed to 14C‐deltamethrin only. 14C‐Deltamethrin was taken up mainly through the cuticle, especially the cuticle on the extremities of the ventral surface, and subsequently distributed throughout the body of the parasite. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of a Chenopodium‐based botanical insecticide/acaricide on Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) and Aphidius colemani (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Authors: Bostanian Noubar J , Akalach Mohammed , Chiasson Hélène
Published: May 2005

UDA‐245 is a Chenopodium‐based natural insecticide. Forty‐eight hours after treatment with this compound, Orius insidiosus (Say) and Aphidius colemani Viereck showed slight contact toxicity at 5 g AI liter−1. There was no residual toxicity to A colemani. These two beneficials are currently used in commercial flower and vegetable greenhouses for the management of thrips, spider mites, aphids and small caterpillars. In contrast, abamectin and insecticidal soap were toxic by contact to both species. UDA‐245 did not reduce the number of eggs laid by treated O insidiosus. The eclosion of these eggs was also not adversely affected by UDA‐245. The other two insecticides, abamectin and insecticidal soap had no effect on the emergence of A colemani from treated aphid mummies. However, abamectin decreased the percentage of aphid parasitism by A colemani following a residual treatment. The LC50 for UDA‐245 for the two beneficials is slightly over twice the recommended field dose. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Grazing‐incidence diffraction strain analysis of a laterally patterned Si wafer treated by focused Ge and Au ion beam implantation
Authors: Grenzer J. , Pietsch U. , Bischoff L.
Published: May 2005

The cover picture of the present issue of physica status solidi (a) shows a reciprocal space map of the strain sensitive Si(400) reflection from a lateral nanostructure with a period of 550 nm, produced by a focused Ge ion beam. Nominal implantation was along K = 0; the dotted line shows that the true implantation direction was about 3 degrees off.

The first author, Jörg Grenzer, is now at the Research Center Rossendorf. His main working field is semiconductor nanostructures, particularly the investigation of strain phenomena which can be exploited in device related structures.
Characterization of vertical‐cavity surface‐emitting laser structures by modulation spectroscopy: A status report
Authors: Klar P. J. , Karcher C. , Metzger B. , Hosea T. J. C.
Published: May 2005

The present issue of physica status solidi (a) contains contributions from the International Workshop on Modulation Spectroscopy of Semiconductor Structures (MS3), held in Wrocław, Poland, 1–3 July 2004.

Editor's Choice is the article by P. J. Klar et al. [1] in which the advantages of these techniques are used to characterize optoelectronic devices. For a vertical‐cavity surface‐emitting laser structure (shown schematically in the lower part) to operate, the emission wavelength λqw of its active region and the cavity mode at λcav of its resonator structure need to coincide. The photomodulated reflectance spectrum (upper left part, bottom) shows clear features at both wavelengths whereas a feature at λqw cannot be distinguished in the corresponding reflectance spectrum (top) due to its complicated photonic nature.

The first author, Peter J. Klar is currently a lecturer of Physics at the Philipps‐University of Marburg, Germany. His research interests include the physics of magnetic semiconductors and hybrids for spintronics, of III–N–V semiconductor structures for optoelectronics, and of novel nanostructures ranging from nanomagnetism to applications in catalysis.
Preface: phys. stat. sol. (a) 202/7
Authors: Pollak Fred H. , Misiewicz Jan , Sitarek Piotr
Published: May 2005

We have recently observed a growing interest in using the powerful technique of optical modulation spectroscopy. These applications are related mostly to the characterization of low dimensional semiconductor structures and devices based on them.

The International Workshop on Modulation Spectroscopy of Semiconductor Structures (MS3) at the beginning of July 2004 gathered in Wrocław (in the southwest part of Poland) almost 40 participants, half of them from abroad. The 8 invited and 16 contributed talks were presented by the leaders of research teams from the USA, Japan, Taiwan, Canada, Germany, France, the Netherlands, Sweden, Ireland, Russia, Lithuania and Poland. Part of the MS3 workshop was held at the Laboratory of Advanced Optical Spectroscopy, Institute of Physics, Wrocław University of Technology, where discussions on technical matter of the modulation spectroscopy were carried out in a relaxing atmosphere over a cup of coffee.

The topics of the MS3 workshop included: advantages of photoreflectance, electroreflectance, contactless electroreflectance, thermoreflectance, differential reflectance and wavelength‐modulated surface photovoltage spectroscopy. The applications of the above methods to investigate transistor, diode and laser structures including VCSELs, low dimensional structures of both wings of the spectrum, i.e. wide band gap materials like GaN, AlGaN, ZnO and low band gap materials such as GaInN(Sb)As, InAs, InSb, and FeSi2 were demonstrated.

It is our great pleasure to publish the most interesting of the MS3 workshop presentations in this issue of physica status solidi (a).

The organizers acknowledge Wrocław University of Technology, the Center of Exellence CEPHONA from the Institute of Electron Technology in Warsaw and the Polish Committee for Scientific Research for financial support of the workshop.
Methods to adjust for the interference of N2O on δ13C and δ18O measurements of CO2 from soil mineralization
Authors: Beheydt D. , Boeckx P. , Clough T. J. , Vermeulen J. , Sherlock R. R. , Van Cleemput O.
Published: May 2005

In this paper we present an overview of the present knowledge relating to methods that avoid interference of N2O on δ13C and δ18O measurements of CO2. The main focus of research to date has been on atmospheric samples. However, N2O is predominantly generated by soil processes. Isotope analyses related to soil trace gas emissions are often performed with continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometers, which do not necessarily have the high precision needed for atmospheric research. However, it was shown by using laboratory and field samples that a correction to obtain reliable δ13C and δ18O values is also required for a commercial continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer. The capillary gas chromatography column of the original equipment was changed to a packed Porapak Q column. This adaptation resulted in an improved accuracy and precision of δ13C (standard deviationGhent: from 0.2 to 0.08‰; standard deviationLincoln: from 0.2 to 0.13‰) of CO2 for N2O/CO2 ratios up to 0.1. For δ18O there was an improvement for the standard deviation measured at Ghent University (0.13 to 0.08‰) but not for the measurements at Lincoln University (0.08 to 0.23‰). The benefits of using the packed Porapak Q column compared with the theoretical correction method meant that samples were not limited to small N2O concentrations, they did not require an extra N2O concentration measurement, and measurements were independent of the variable isotopic composition of N2O from soil. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Technical considerations for the use of 15N‐DNA stable‐isotope probing for functional microbial activity in soils
Authors: Cadisch Georg , Espana Mingrelia , Causey Rachel , Richter Michael , Shaw Eve , Morgan J. Alun W. , Rahn Clive , Bending Gary D.
Published: May 2005

Stable‐isotope DNA probing is a culture‐independent technique that may provide a link between function and phylogeny of active microorganisms. The technique has been used in association with 13C substrates while here we evaluate feasibility and limitations of 15N‐DNA stable‐isotope probing (SIP) using labelled and unlabelled pure microbial cultures or soil extracts. Our results showed that 15N‐DNA probing is feasible for cultures as well as soil samples. Limitations of 15N‐DNA‐SIP are (a) the need for relatively large quantities of DNA to visualise bands (although molecular resolution is much higher) and (b) 15N‐DNA enrichment needed to ideally be >50 at%; however, this requirement can be lowered to approx. 40 atom% 15N with pure cultures using a modified CsCl centrifugation method (140K g for 69 h). These advances in 15N‐DNA‐SIP methodology open new opportunities to trace active microbial populations utilising specific N substrates in situ. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temperature‐dependent shift from labile to recalcitrant carbon sources of arctic heterotrophs
Authors: Biasi Christina , Rusalimova Olga , Meyer Hildegard , Kaiser Christina , Wanek Wolfgang , Barsukov Pavel , Junger Högne , Richter Andreas
Published: May 2005

Soils of high latitudes store approximately one‐third of the global soil carbon pool. Decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM) is expected to increase in response to global warming, which is most pronounced in northern latitudes. It is, however, unclear if microorganisms are able to utilize more stable, recalcitrant C pools, when labile soil carbon pools will be depleted due to increasing temperatures. Here we report on an incubation experiment with intact soil cores of a frost‐boil tundra ecosystem at three different temperatures (2°C, 12°C and 24°C). In order to assess which fractions of the SOM are available for decomposition at various temperatures, we analyzed the isotopic signature of respired CO2and of different SOM fractions. Theδ13C values of CO2respired were negatively correlated with temperature, indicating the utilization of SOM fractions that were depleted in13C at higher temperatures. Chemical fractionation of SOM showed that the water‐soluble fraction (presumably the most easily available substrates for microbial respiration) was most enriched in13C, while the acid‐insoluble pool (recalcitrant substrates) was most depleted in13C. Our results therefore suggest that, at higher temperatures, recalcitrant compounds are preferentially respired by arctic microbes. When the isotopic signatures of respired CO2of soils which had been incubated at 24°C were measured at 12°C, theδ13C values shifted to values found in soils incubated at 12°C, indicating the reversible use of more easily available substrates. Analysis of phospholipid fatty acid profiles showed significant differences in microbial community structure at various incubation temperatures indicating that microorganisms with preference for more recalcitrant compounds establish as temperatures increase. In summary our results demonstrate that a large portion of tundra SOM is potentially mineralizable. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Compound‐specific δ13C analysis of individual amino sugars – a tool to quantify timing and amount of soil microbial residue stabilization
Authors: Glaser Bruno , Gross Simone
Published: May 2005

There is strong scientific evidence that microbial residues such as amino sugars may be stabilized in soil. However, up to now, no investigation has been carried out to quantify both the amount and timing of such stabilization. This is primarily due to methodological constraints, because it is not possible to differentiate between stabilized (old) and recently produced (new) amino sugars when these biomarkers are conventionally analyzed, e.g. by means of gas chromatography and flame ionization detection. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to test whether compound‐specific isotope analysis (δ13C) of amino sugars extracted from soil could be used to differentiate between old and new microbial residues. For this aim a method for the δ13C analysis of individual amino sugars was developed and optimized. First results of δ13C values of glucosamine, galactosamine, mannosamine, and muramic acid in soil samples from two different ecological studies are presented, clearly indicating that discrimination between soil inherent and newly formed amino sugars is possible in stable isotope labeling experiments. Our results further showed that, in the short term (within 1 month), only few amino sugars were built, thus making highly 13C‐enriched substrates necessary for the quantification of new amino sugar production and for the determination of amino sugar turnover rates. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.