bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RESPON ISLAM TERHADAP PERUBAHAN RELASI MASYARAKAT LOKAL DAN NEGARA DI INDONESIA ERA REFORMASI
Authors: Muntoha Muntoha
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Indonesia as a developing country starts moving from the centralistic country into decentralized state since the change of power generated by a wave of reforms in mid 1998. There are several key issues that came to the surface in connection with this transition, among others, is a horizontal conflict that is lead to the disintegration of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI). In the face of the country situation, the religion (Islam) with the teaching of ethics is expected to be one important factor for the integration process, especially Islam embraced the majority of the Indonesian population. In the study presented formulation of the problem of how the contribution of Islam in the context of the local communities to build relationships and state in Indonesia after the collapse of the New Order regime more equitably? The result of this study has been revealed that the contribution of Islam through the base organization at least can be categorized  into three, namely NU, Muhammadiyah, HTI, and MMI. As for the contribution of ideas from NU and Muhammadiyah, that the local community and state relations should be seen in terms of the ideology of Pancasila as the noble nation and agreement of the founders of the nation. Then from HTI, to make the relationship with the local society can be run with a harmonious state is the first system to change the leadership of the country into a caliphate. Furthermore, from the MMI, suggesting if the pattern of the relationship between local communities and the state can run well, then the state must be firm by making Islamic law as its legal basis. It is based on the premise that in Islamic law are values as true and when implemented can provide prosperity for humankind.

 Keywords: relasi, Islam, masyarakat lokal, dan kontribusi
PERILAKU MENYONTEK MAHASISWA MUSLIM
Authors: Warsiyah Warsiyah
Published: August 2017

This study aimed to examine the effect of the direct and indirect simultaneously in a model pathway analysis. More specifically, this research examines (1) the effect of rate on Faith and Academic Procrastination Attitudes toward Cheating, (2) the direct or indirect effect of Level of Faith, Academic Procrastination and Attitudes toward Cheating on Cheating Behavior. Hypothesis testing was conducted based on data collected by questionnaire, which was composed specifically for this study, of 192 Muslim students studying in the Faculty of MT Walisongo IAIN Semarang, selected clusters. Hypothesis testing is done by using path analysis or path analysis. The results of path analysis showed empirically Faith rate has a direct negative effect while empirically Academic Procrastination has a significant positive direct effect on Attitude toward Cheating. However, the level of faith and Academic Procrastination and statistically or practically no direct influence on the attitude towards Cheating. Variable Level of Faith and Academic Procrastination indirectly (through attitude toward cheating) has a significant influence on Cheating Behavior. While the variable Attitude toward Cheating does not have a direct or indirect effect on Cheating Behavior.

Keywords: Behavior cheat, attitudes toward cheating, academic procrastination, the level of faith.
Evaluating membrane performance in recycled water treatment plants for assets replacement strategy
Authors: Reeve Petra J. , Regel Rudi , Le Moigne Isabelle , van den Akker Ben , Monis Paul , Dreyfus Jennifer , Beard Helen , Brehant Anne
Published: August 2017

Membranes are an important barrier used in recycled water treatment plants for pathogen removal. Understanding performance over operational life is important to inform membrane replacement. In this study, full scale virus challenge testing was conducted on newly commissioned membranes to validate virus log removal values for accreditation. After six years of operation, the membrane integrity was repeated to ensure compliance with the state regulatory health authority and gain an understanding of the asset's condition. Membrane performance was assessed using a combination of complementary tests including membrane autopsy and chemical tolerance testing to assess individual modules and selected membrane fibres, followed by a full scale virus challenge for whole of unit assessment. The results demonstrated that the aged membrane fibres were intact and had not been affected by long-term exposure to chlorine, which provides valuable information for membrane asset replacement strategies.
Advanced treatment of landfill leachate membrane concentrates: performance comparison, biosafety and toxic residue analysis
Authors: Hong Mianwei , Lu Gang , Hou Changcheng , She Shaohua , Zhu Lingfei
Published: August 2017

With the improvement of people's consciousness about health, more attention has been paid to the biosafety of effluent reaching conventional discharge standard. In this contribution, removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD), acute toxicity, genotoxicity and estrogenicity in landfill leachate membrane concentrates (MCs) among UV-Fenton, Fenton and activated carbon adsorption process were compared. Daphnia magna acute toxicity assay, comet assay, cytokinesis-block micronucleus and E-screen assay were performed to assess whether the effluent reaching the main parameters of Chinese Discharge Standard (GB 16889-2008) still had toxic residues. Under the conditions that COD of effluents treated by the three processes were up to the discharge standard, no obvious toxic residue was found in the effluent of UV-Fenton treatment, but effluent from Fenton or activated carbon adsorption process showed genotoxicity or estrogenicity to some extent. Dynamic analysis of UV-Fenton degradation process for estrogen simulation solutions was also conducted, and the formation of intermediates was detected by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Toxic residues might be caused by the lack of treatment duration and the formation of more toxic intermediates. UV-Fenton was found to be efficient for the treatment of MCs. Biosafety should be concerned when a new wastewater discharge standard is being established.
Evaluation of elementary education teachers’ knowledge on avulsion and tooth replantation
Authors: Francisco Simone Scandiuzzi , Soares Adriana De  Jesus , Murrer Rodrigo Dutra
Published: August 2017

Introduction: Dental trauma care emergency is very important issue, especially in cases of avulsion and it is crucial for the prognosis. A preventive-educational approach had not been effective and there are many failures in handling dental trauma, mainly by lack of knowledge by health professionals, teachers and lay people. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of 89 teachers about dental trauma. Material and methods: A questionnaire divided into three parts containing questions about the emergency procedures in cases of dental trauma was applied. Results: Only 13% of teachers would replant the tooth in the socket, and only 7% said they would put the tooth in some liquid and 58% would store in a piece of paper, cloth or clean container. In relation to replantation, 75% reported that they would hold the tooth by the crown, 79% reported that first they would refer to the dentist, and 80% thought that the treatment had to be immediate. With regard to tooth preparation, 46% would keep it in saline, 24% in water, and only 11% in milk. Concerning to the avulsed tooth, only 15% correctly answered that they would replant the avulsed tooth and then referred to the dentist. Conclusion: It was concluded that the knowledge of teachers must be improved by educational and preventive campaigns on management of traumatized teeth.
Assessment of knowledge about oral cancer: study with students of public education
Authors: Bottan Elisabete Rabaldo , Comunello Iara Fiorentin , Marín Constanza , Subtil Eduardo Mazzetti
Published: August 2017

Introduction and Objective: To evaluate the level of knowledge about oral cancer of students attending public school in one city of Santa Catarina (Brasil). Material and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study, using primary data collection. Students of last year of elementary school and first year of high school, enrolled in public schools in the city of Itajaí (SC), in 2012, were the target population. The non-probability sample was obtained by convenience. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire structured with 13 questions divided into three fields. The level of knowledge was made based on pre-established scores. Results: 1149 instruments were analyzed (80.8% of the target population). The average age of the group was 15.5 years and 54.5% were female. The majority (78%) never had received information about oral cancer. Only 27.9% had cognizance about self-examination of the oral cavity. With regard to knowledge, 87.5% classified as unsatisfactory. For most issues the cognitive field did not identify a significant correlation between knowledge and the variables gender and education. When asked if they would like to participate in educational and preventive activitiesabout oral cancer and other issues related to health, 72.6% expressed interest. Conclusion: The group did not have adequate knowledge on the subject of oral cancer. Facing this reality, and the positive attitude of respondents, the researchers designed and offered an educational program to the research subjects.
Linear setting expansion of different gypsum products
Authors: Furuse Adilson Yoshio , Freitas César Antunes  de , Zanotti Tatiana Sanches , Piola  Rizzante Fabio Antonio , Antunes  de  Freitas Márcia Furtado
Published: August 2017

Introduction: Stone casts are used in dentistry to allow the confection of indirect restorations. Thus, gypsum dimensional stability is fundamental in order to achieve a precise fit between dental structure and restorative material. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the hygroscopic linear expansion of commercially available gypsum products. Material and methods: Fifteen dental stones were analyzed (4 type II, 5 type III, 4 type IV and 2 type V), with n = 5. One hundred grams of each gypsum product were mixed following the respective manufacturers’ recommendations for powder/water ratio and poured into a V-shape mold, connected to an expansion-measuring device. The hygroscopic expansion was evaluated during 120 min and the collected data was converted into percentage and compared to initial dimensions of the specimen. Results: All type II and V dental stones showed expansion values compatible to the ADA and ISO recommendations. Considering type III stones, only Rutenium 3 was compatible with the recommendations. For type IV, only Durone IV showed expansion values higher than that recommended by ADA, but lower than that of ISO recommendations. Conclusion: The hygroscopic linear expansion of gypsum products should be periodically controlled in order to ensure their precision and reliability to dental practice.
Application of BMP-2 for bone graft in Dentistry
Authors: Rocha  Valadas  Marques Lídia Audrey , Costa  Júnior Edvan Alves  da , Leitão  Lotif Mara Assef , Rodrigues  Neto Edilson Martins , Carvalho  da  Silva Francisco Filipe , Queiroz  Martiniano Carlos Ricardo  de
Published: August 2017

Introduction: The global increase life expectancy and the resulting tooth loss has required searching for new rehabilitation alternatives in Dentistry. Biomaterials can be defined as any material that acts replacing a lost bone defect and its function. In Dentistry, many studies have aimed to improve bone regeneration through the use of BMPs for bone replacement. Objective: To review the literature on the use and clinical viability of human morphogenetic protein for the jaws reconstruction. Material and methods: The following databases were searched: Pubmed, Bireme, Lilacs, and Scielo and 30 articles published between 1965 and 2013 were found using the following descriptors: “dental implants”, “maxillary sinus”, and “biocompatible materials”. Results: Several studies demonstrate the biological advantages of rhBMP-2 on bone regeneration of the jaws. In recent years, morphogenetic protein has presented a large clinical use. Conclusion: Despite being a high-cost biomaterial, rhBMP-2 is a viable and very effective alternative for reconstruction of defects of the face.
Free gingival graft to increase gingival dimensions in Down syndrome patients: clinical case report
Authors: Plens Maria Estela , Montanha Carla Hariene , Ferreira Henrique Scheffer , Fregoneze Andréa Paula , Tramontina Vinicius Augusto , Ribas Luiz Augusto , Brancher João Armando
Published: August 2017

Introduction: Down Syndrome (DS) patients have increased susceptibility to the development of periodontal diseases by the occurrence of several factors, such as inadequate hygiene, mouth breathing, dental morphology, leukocyte reduction and increased inflammatory mediators. Objective: This study aimed to review the literature on the main aspects of DS and present a clinical case of a DS patient treated with basic periodontal therapy and free gingival graft surgery. Case report: DS patient, leucoderma, aged 26 years showed gingival recession and little amount of keratinized tissue in the area of teeth #31 and #41. After surgery, there was an increase in the keratinized tissue band. Conclusion: The free gingival graft surgery performed in DS patients was effective, as the increase of keratinized tissue band occurred.
Evaluation of graduate dental students’ knowledge on the therapeutic approach of dental avulsion
Authors: Melo Tiago , Couto Cíntia Muniz
Published: August 2017

Introduction and Objective: The present study aimed to evaluatethe knowledge level of students graduate in Dentistry of São LeopoldoMandic/SP – Porto Alegre/RS on the therapeutic approach in casesof dental avulsion. Material and methods: For this, we applied aquestionnaire to graduate students. Of the 214 students enrolledat the institution, 159 (74%) answered the questions. Results andConclusion: Through analysis of the responses, it could be observedthat, while 99.37% of participants have already received instructionsabout the subject, there was significant variability of opinions.With the application of Chi-square test, at a significance level of5%, it could be observed that there was no significant difference inresponses regarding to the time of graduation. As for the type ofsplinting, the professionals who graduated between 5 to 10 yearswere associated with the use of semi-rigid splint and those whograduate after more than 10 years with the rigid splint.
Bond strength of resin cements to leucite-reinforced ceramics: part 2 – after one-year aging in water
Authors: Garcia Rubens Nazareno , Nascimento Reinaldo Francisco  do , Gomes Ana  Cristina Rocha , Garcia João Augusto Coutinho , Miguel Luiz  Carlos Machado , Moon Peter Clayton , Fernandes Shélen Xavier
Published: August 2017

The aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of two resin cements bonded to four leucite-reinforced ceramics after one week and one year of aging. Material and methods: Forty ceramic blocks (4 mm wide, 14 mm length, and 2 mm thick) were used (1 week) and reused at the back side (1 year). The blocks were abraded with aluminum oxide (90 µm) and randomly divided into eight groups for each time. Two dual resin cements (RelyX ARC and RelyX U200 self-adhesive, 3M ESPE) were bonded to ceramics Creapress (CRE – Creation / Klema), Finesse All-Ceramic (FIN – Dentsply / Ceramco), IPS Empress Esthetic (IEE – Ivoclar Vivadent) and Vita PM9 (PM9-Vita). For each resin, time, and ceramic block, after applications of the 10% hydrofluoric acid (for 1 min) and silane, 3 Tygon cut tubes were positioned over each block and filled in with the resin cements (light-cured for 40 s). The tubing molds were removed to expose the bond specimens as cylinders (area=0.38 mm2) stored in relative humidity at 24±2°C for one week and at 37±2°C for one year. All bonds were tested in an Instron in shear (applied of the base cylinder with a thin wire - 0.25 mm) at speed of 0.5 mm/min, until failure. Results: The results were analyzed by ANOVA (resin cements, ceramic systems, and time) and Tukey test (p<0.05) for rank ordering of SBS. The FIN and IEE ceramics did not show significant SBS decreasing on aging with U200. The mean SBS decreasing for all the ceramics was 36% with ARC and 14% with U200 cement. Conclusion: The SBS of ARC cement were significantly lower for all ceramics with aging than that of U200 cement. The SBS of ARC cement was also weakened by aging. FIN ceramic + U200 cement proved to be the most stable and strongest bond strength, and PM9+ARC cement proved to be the weakest bond strength with low stability.
Fluid-transport evaluation of lateral condensation, GuttaCore™ and continuous wave of obturation techniques
Authors: Silva-Herzog Daniel , Monroy Ezequiel , Méndez Verónica , Maia Sandra Maria  Alves  Sayão , Júnior Paulo Melo , Oliva Ricardo
Published: August 2017

To achieve success in endodontic treatment, the root canal system should be as sealed as possible with suitable material such as gutta-percha and sealer. Objective: This study compare the apical leakage of roots obturated with GuttaCore™, lateral condensation, and continuous wave obturation through a computerized fluid-transport system. Material and methods: Fifty-two freshlyextracted upper molars were used. The disto-buccal roots were cut and standardized to 10 mm long. The root canals were prepared at working length with WaveOne primary reciprocating files. The specimens were randomly divided and filled by one of the following obturation techniques: GuttaCore™, lateral condensation or continuous wave obturation, using SILCO sealer. The positive controls were left unfilled and the negative controls were totally coated with cyanoacrylate and three layers of nail polish. The roots were stored in relative humidity for 72 h at 37°C, allowing the sealer to set. After this period, the roots were connected to a computerized fluid-transport system, and the apical leakage was analyzed. Results: The results were expressed in µL.cmH2O-1.min-1 x10-4 1.36 atm. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey´s tests. The specimens of the positive control group showed extreme amounts of apical leakage. There was no leakage in the negative ontrols. The statistical analysis indicated that continuous wave obturation and GuttaCore™ showed lower leakage than the lateral condensation technique (p<0.05). No difference was found among the continuous wave obturation and GuttaCore™ (p>0.05). Conclusion: Continuous wave obturation and GuttaCore™ showed lower leakage than the lateral condensation technique. There was no difference between the continuous wave obturation and GuttaCore™. The fluid-transport system used in this study allowed an accurate quantitative measurement of leakage using simpler equipment.
Prevalence of major apical foramen mismatching the root apex in root canals of human permanent teeth
Authors: Brito Liana Freire  de , Nogueira Sylas Jamerson  Sá , Ferreira Claudio Maniglia , Gomes Fabio De  Almeida , Sousa Bruno Carvalho
Published: August 2017

The periapical radiograph is used to determine the working length in endodontic treatment. However, this radiograph does not define the position of the major apical foramen. Objective: This ex vivo laboratorial study aims to determine the prevalence of the major apical foramen mismatching the root apex in human permanent teeth, because when present, this mismatch makes the radiographic method inaccurate for determining the working length. Material and methods: This study used 400 human permanent teeth: 100 incisors, 100 canines, 100 premolars, and 100 molars, totalizing 634 canals (Ethics Committee, Federal University of Ceará #263/10). The access and negotiation of the root canals were performed with K-type files #10 and #15 until the tip of the instrument were visible at the root foramen through 5-fold magnifying glass. Periapical radiographs were performed on bucco-lingual incidence for single-rooted teeth; the incidence angle was changed for multi-rooted teeth. The films were processed and then analyzed by three calibrated examiners (Kappa 80%). Descriptive statistics and chi-square test were used for analyzing of the results. Results: The prevalence of major apical foramens mismatching the root apex was 19.72% of the canals studied. The incisors showed the lowest prevalence (9%, p<0.05) while the highest prevalence was seen in canine teeth (28%). Conclusion: According to the methodology applied, the prevalence of major apical foramens mismatching the root apex foramens make necessary an adjunct method for determining the working length, because it alone was not capable of determining the foramen position.
Association of early life health conditions, nutritional status, and feeding practices with caries prevalence in preschool children
Authors: Harmatiuk Caroline , Lima Marjorye Maceno de , Pupo Yasmine Mendes , Schaia Juliana , Chibinski Ana Cláudia , Pinto Marcia Helena Baldani
Published: August 2017

This study aimed to determine whether health conditions in the first year of life, nutritional status and dietary habits throughout life are related to the prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC). Material and methods: Sample consisted of 338 children from public schools. The prevalence of dental caries was assessed by dmf-t index. An anthropometric analysis was conducted for identification of nutritional risk. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and Poisson regression analysis, considering the dependent variables: a) presence of ECC (dmft ≥ 1); b) presence of severe ECC (dmft ≥ 6). Results: It was observed that 64% of the children exhibited ECC (mean dmft 2.97) and 23% suffer from severe ECC (mean dmft 8.2). 28 (11%) were at nutritional risk and more than 30% consumed sweets one or more times a day. It was observed that 8% showed low birth weight, 9% used antibiotics frequently in the first year of life and 67% maintained the habit of nocturnal bottle/breast-feeding after this period. Nocturnal feeding for prolonged time, frequent use of antibiotics and nutritional risk were associated with higher prevalence and severity of caries in the multivariate analysis. Conclusion: These results reinforce the relationship between early life events, nutritional status, and dental caries in primary teeth.
Esthetic rehabilitation of anterior teeth through gingival recontouring and ceramic veneers: a case report
Authors: Ferrari Jr Orides , Dalitz Fernando , Baechtold Marina Samara , Gaião Ubiracy Gaião , Cunha Leonardo Fernandes da , Gonzaga Carla Castiglia , Correr Gisele Maria
Published: August 2017

Esthetic rehabilitations require a broad and thorough evaluation of all the elements that make up the smile such as lips, dental, and periodontal structures to plan the treatment to provide harmony to the whole set. Objective: To demonstrate through a case the association of Periodontics and Restorative Dentistry in the esthetic rehabilitation of anterior teeth replacing resin restorations by modifying the gingival architecture conservatively and harmonically. Case report: It is essential for a multidisciplinary approach to succeed in treatment. The replacement of previous restorations is an increasing demand in currently clinical practice, for many reasons, mainly due to dissatisfaction with the esthetics. It is observed that many of these patients involve not only dissatisfaction with the dental structure but also with the periodontal health, for this reason, it is necessary a previous adaptation of the gingival tissues for proper restorative rehabilitation. Conclusion: Ceramic laminates have proved to be a great choice for anterior teeth restorations, but they must be indicated in specific situations, to obtain excellent results as most conservative as possible.
Dentofacial deformity and quality of life: a case control study
Authors: Bortoluzzi Marcelo Carlos , Cella Cintia , Haus Suelen Franke
Published: August 2017

Introduction: Dentofacial deformity (DFD) may be defined as facial and dental disproportions great enough to affect significantly the individual’s quality of life (QoL). Objective: This study aimed to verify and compare the impacts of and differences in QoL in individuals with and without DFD. Material and methods: The impact of DFD on QoL was evaluated through the following questionnaires:Short Form Health Survey (SF36), a generic Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) questionnaire (Oral Health Impact Profile Questionnaire – OHIP-49), a condition-specific questionnaire for DFD (Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire – OQLQ) and a single question answered by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Results: Greater and negative impacts on QoL were observed in patientswith DFD in all domains of OQLQ and OHIP; and in two domains of SF36: emotional well-being and social functioning. Conclusion: DFD greatly and negatively impacted on QoL of individuals with DFD greater mainly evidenced through general and specific OHRQoL questionnaires.
Fun During Knee Rehabilitation: Feasibility and Acceptability Testing of a New Android-Based Training Device
Authors: Weber-Spickschen Thomas Sanjay , Colcuc Christian , Hanke Alexander , Clausen Jan-Dierk , James Paul Abraham , Horstmann Hauke
Published: August 2017

Purpose:

The initial goals of rehabilitation after knee injuries and operations are to achieve full knee extension and to activate quadriceps muscle. In addition to regular physiotherapy, an android-based knee training device is designed to help patients achieve these goals and improve compliance in the early rehabilitation period. This knee training device combines fun in a computer game with muscular training or rehabilitation. Our aim was to test the feasibility and acceptability of this new device.

Methods:

50 volunteered subjects enrolled to test out the computer game aided device. The first game was the high-striker game, which recorded maximum knee extension power. The second game involved controlling quadriceps muscular power to simulate flying an aeroplane in order to record accuracy of muscle activation. The subjects evaluated this game by completing a simple questionnaire.

Results:

No technical problem was encountered during the usage of this device. No subjects complained of any discomfort after using this device. Measurements including maximum knee extension power, knee muscle activation and control were recorded successfully. Subjects rated their experience with the device as either excellent or very good and agreed that the device can motivate and monitor the progress of knee rehabilitation training.

Conclusion:

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first android-based tool available to fast track knee rehabilitation training. All subjects gave very positive feedback to this computer game aided knee device.
Female Directors and Firm Performance: Evidence from UK Listed Firms
Authors: Pasaribu Pananda
Published: August 2017

The impact of female directors on firm performance has lacked consistency in the previously conducted empirical studies, which may be due to the endogeneity problem, or certain characteristics (i.e. governance, industry, competition). This study examines the relationship between female directors and firm performance by addressing those problems. This study analyses all non-financial UK listed firms during the period 2004-2012 and employs several econometric models. The regression results indicate that there is little evidence that female directors have a positive and strong relationship with firm performance. But, further analysis reports that the UK’s small listed firms experience a positive significant effect, because small firms do not suffer from the problem of over-monitoring and they have more flexibility in composing their boards of directors.
Effectiveness of Treatment Modalities on Kidney Stone Recurrence
Authors: Zisman Anna L.
Published: August 2017

Nephrolithiasis is highly prevalent across all demographic groups in the Western world and beyond, and its incidence rates are rising. In addition to the morbidity of the acute event, stone disease often becomes a lifelong problem that requires preventative therapy to diminish ongoing morbidity. Across the majority of stone types, increased fluid intake and targeted dietary modifications are mainstays of therapy. Specific dietary interventions associated with reduced calcium stone risk include adequate dietary calcium intake and restriction of sodium, protein, and oxalate intake, among others. Pharmaceutical therapy may be required if lifestyle changes are insufficient to minimize risk of stone recurrence, and must be targeted to the specific metabolic abnormalities portending risk for a given patient. Therapeutic options for idiopathic calcium stone disease include thiazides, citrate salts, and uric acid–lowering agents. Alkali salts are also the treatment of choice for uric acid stone disease. Management of struvite stone disease is largely surgical, but acetohydroxamic acid is a proven second line therapy. Cystinuria requires lifestyle modifications and may call for thiol-binding agents. Significant heterogeneity of the clinical population with stone disease has previously limited opportunities for large randomized controlled trials. However, as clinical phenotypes and genotypes are increasingly clarified, there are mounting opportunities for targeted randomized controlled trials in stone prevention. In the meantime, the currently available evidence for both lifestyle and pharmacologic interventions is reviewed herein.
JuliaFEM - open source solver for both industrial and academia usage
Authors: Frondelius Tero , Aho Jukka
Published: August 2017

The JuliaFEM software library is a framework that allows for the distributed processing of large Finite Element Models across clusters of computers using simple programming models. It is designed to scale up from single servers to thousands of machines, each offering local computation and storage. The basic design principle is: Everything is non-linear. All physics models are non-linear from which the linearizations are made as special cases. This is work in progress. Thus, if you share the vision, contribute and join the community.
Estimation of stress concentration factors in butt and T-welded joints using artificial neural network-based models
Authors: Dabiri Mohammad , Ghafouri Mehran , Björk Timo
Published: August 2017

In this study, the capability of artificial neural network-based models in estimation of stress concentration factor of welds in forms of butt-welded joint (single-V and double-V) and T-welded joint (as-welded and TIG-dressed conditions) was investigated. The joints were analyzed under axial-tension and bending load cases. A large set of finite element models were used for each configuration in order to train, validate and test the corresponding networks. The estimations by the neural network- based models yielded the results with higher accuracy for all configurations compared to the available parametric equations. The proposed models also cover the joints with broader range of local weld parameters.
Numerical modelling of rock materials with polygonal finite elements
Authors: Saksala Timo
Published: August 2017

This article presents some preliminary results on numerical modeling of rock ma-terials with polygonal ﬁnite elements. A method to describe the rock microstructure based onVoronoi diagrams, representing the rock grain texture, is sketched. In this method, the mineralsconstituting the rock are represented as Voronoi cells which themselves are polygonal ﬁnite ele-ments. A three-point bending problem under plane stress linear elasticity condition is solved inorder to compare the performance of polygonal elements to ordinary ﬁnite elements. Moreover,it is demonstrated by solving the stress state in uni-axial compression that the heterogeneitydescribed with the present method results in short-range tensile stresses which could initiatemode-I cracks.
Large Bore Connecting Rod Simulations
Authors: Göös Jussi , Leppänen Anton , Mäntylä Antti , Frondelius Tero
Published: August 2017

On combustion engine a connecting rod converts the reciprocating motion of a piston to the rotating motion of a crankshaft. Simulation of a large bore connection rod has been performed in Abaqus Standard, using boundary conditions from AVL EXCITE Power Unit. By using the latest simulation technologies and the well known boundary conditions, simulated stresses correspond very well with the measured ones from a running engine.
Initial rotational stiffness of tubular joints with axial force in chord
Authors: Garifullin Marsel , Pajunen Sami , Mela Kristo , Heinisuo Markku
Published: August 2017

In the frame analysis, the local model of the joint must follow the behavior of the joint. When completing the elastic global analysis, the initial rotational stiffness of joints should be known to obtain reliable moment distributions in frames. This paper consists of two parts. The first one evaluates the existing calculation approach for the initial rotational stiffness of welded rectangular hollow section T joints. The validation with the experimental data shows that the current approach significantly underestimates the initial rotational stiffness. An improvement for determining the initial stiffness of T joints is proposed. The second part deals with the influence of the axial force in the main member on the rotational stiffness of the joint. The conducted numerical study shows the extreme reduction of the initial stiffness, when the main member is loaded by axial loads. To consider this effect in the frame analysis, the paper proposes a chord stress function for the initial rotational stiffness for square hollow section T joints, using the curve fitting technique.
Medium Speed Engine Crankshaft Analysis
Authors: Väisänen Ilkka , Mäntylä Antti , Korpela Antti , Kuivaniemi Teemu , Frondelius Tero
Published: August 2017

This article describes the overview of crankshaft analysis of a medium speed dieselengine. Crankshaft analysis includes static analysis, crankshaft dynamics, bearing analysis, gearanalysis, and stress & fatigue analysis, the latter being in main focus in this article. AVL ExcitePower unit is used for multi-body dynamics and Abaqus for ﬁnite element analysis.
Two-scale Reissner-Mindlin plate model
Authors: Freund Jouni Tapani
Published: August 2017

A two-scale plate model, in which the displacement assumption consists of the Reissner-Mindlin and warping parts, is presented. To reduce the modelling error of the classical Reissner-Mindlin model, the warping part is chosen so that the overall displacement satisfies the full 3D elasticity equations as well as possible. Pressure loaded isotropic homogeneous plate is used as an application example.
Cylinder Head Design of Experiment by using the Wartsila Digital Design Platform
Authors: Cattarinussi Massimo , Leppänen Anton , Könnö Juho , Frondelius Tero
Published: August 2017

Cylinder Head Design of Experiment (DOE) was carried out by using the Wartsila digital design platform. The overall goal has been to create a simulation process to perform a complete cylinder head thermal-structural calculation and create a DOE over that process to vary the inputs, the geometrical parameters under optimization, in a fully automatic workflow. The outputs, uploaded to the DOE activity, were used to rank the input effects on the output response, to capture response sensitivity to input changes, to identify parameter interactions and, at the end, to estimate the optimal design.
Shell finite elements, with emphasis on strategies used within Elmer software
Authors: Malinen Mika
Published: August 2017

The best way to handle finite element discretization of structural shell equationsis still a subject of discussion. This article presents some viewpoints and reviews innovationswhich have recently been taken into use in connection with the implementation of new shell finite elements into the open source finite element software Elmer.
Probabilistic Framework for Product Design Optimization
Authors: Keski-Rahkonen Joni
Published: August 2017

Probabilistic methods have gradually gained ground within engineering practices but currently it is still the industry standard to use deterministic safety margin approaches to dimensioning components and qualitative methods to manage product risks. These methods are suitable for baseline design work but quantitative risk management and product reliability optimization require more advanced predictive approaches. Ample research has been published on how to predict failure probabilities for mechanical components and furthermore to optimize reliability through life cycle cost analysis. This paper reviews the literature for existing methods and tries to harness their best features and simplify the process to be applicable in practical engineering work. Recommended process applies Monte Carlo method on top of load-resistance models to estimate failure probabilities. Furthermore, it adds on existing literature by introducing a practical framework to use probabilistic models in quantitative risk management and product life cycle costs optimization. Our main focus is on mechanical failure modes due to the well-developed methods used to predict these types of failures. However, the same framework can be applied on any type of failure mode as long as predictive models can be developed.
Natural Frequency Calculations with JuliaFEM
Authors: Rapo Marja , Aho Jukka , Frondelius Tero
Published: August 2017

This article presents a simple natural frequency analysis performed with JuliaFEM - an open-source finite element method program. The results are compared with the analysis results pruduced with a commercial software. The comparison shows that the calculation results between the two programs do not differ significantly.
Kuormitustavan ja symmetrisyyden vaikutus kuormaa kantamattomien hitsausliitosten väsymiseen – tehollisen lovijännityksen ja murtumismekaniikan menetelmien vertailu
Authors: Ahola Antti Santeri , Mettänen Heli , Björk Timo
Published: August 2017

Kasvavan taivutusjännitysosuuden (degree of bending, DOB) on ajateltu parantavan merkittävästi väsymiskestävyyttä perinteisessä jännitys-kestoikä (S-N) laskennassa. Tässä tutkimuksessa tarkasteltiin hitsattujen liitosten väsymistä kalvo- ja taivutuskuormituksessa tehollisen lovijännityksen menetelmällä ja lineaarielastisella murtumismekaniikalla. Tutkimuksen tuloksena saatiin selville, että liitoksen symmetrisyydestä määräytyen ulkoisen kuormituksen taivutusjännitys voi aiheuttaa merkittävästi korkeampia lovijännityksiä hitsin rajaviivalle kuin vastaavansuuruinen kalvojännitys.
QT steel High Cycle Fatigue Testing with Ultrasonic
Authors: Korhonen Jussi , Kuoppala Juha , Väntänen Miikka , Vaara Joona , Turunen Mikko , Kämäräinen Panu , Laine Jarkko , Silvonen Aulis , Frondelius Tero
Published: August 2017

This article describes the fatigue testing of QT steel in ultrasonic frequencies. Different possibilities, challenges and prejudices are reviewed.
Microstructural modelling of materials
Authors: Sippola Merja Kaarina , Laukkanen Anssi , Andersson Tom , Lindroos Matti
Published: August 2017

This extended abstract summaries the VTT ProperTuneTM materials modelling approach.
Preface, Plenary abstracts and the program of the RM50-seminar
Authors: Kouhia Reijo
Published: August 2017

This issue contains papers of lectures presented at the journal’s 50-years anniversary seminar, at Vaasa University on 24-25 August 2017. The objective of this conference is to stimulate and promote research and applications within the area of solid mechanics, fluid mechanics and mathematical problems related to mechanics and especially to strengthen the collaboration between industry and academia. This kind of a seminar provides an ideal forum for researchers, designers, teachers and other professionals to network, discuss and share ideas and information.

Sincere thanks go to all of the authors and participants for making the meeting a stimulating occasion. This issue contains abstracts of the five invited plenary talks and 57 peer reviewed extended abstracts. As a total, 72 talks will be given at the conference. The five invited plenary speakers are Dr. Pauli Jumppanen, the founding editor of the journal, Professor Claes Johnson from The Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden, Professor Anders Klarbring, Linköping University, Sweden, Professor Aki Mikkola, Lappeenranta University of Technology and General Manager, Analysis, Hannu Tienhaara, Wärtsilä Finland Oy. Especially, thanks to all of our collaborators: Wärtsilä Finland Oy, ABB Oy, AGCO POWER, Avant Tecno Oy, Comsol Oy, EDR&Medeso, Federation of Finnish Learned Societies, FEMdata, Finnish Association of Civil Engineers RIL, Global Boiler Works Oy, Pressus Oy, Ramboll Finland Oy, Valmet Oyj and Vertex Systems Oy, whose support was indispensable for the organisation of this conference. Finally, we thank all the reviewers for their important anonymous contribution under a very strict time constraint.

August 2017

Editors
Kogeneracija u industriji korišćenjem gasnih motora
Authors: Jankes Goran , Kostić Miloš , Saleta Miloš , Petković Nikola , Radosavljević Marko
Published: August 2017

U radu su prikazani osnovni oblici sprezanja kogenerativnih postrojenja sa potrošačima energije u industriji i njihovo poređenje. Dat je način definisanja otpadne toplote CHP postrojenja, kao i proračun akumulatora toplote spregnutog sa CHP postrojenjem. Dat je osvrt na osnovne probleme kod izbora CHP postrojenja i realizacije povlašćene cene električne energije za isporučenu električnu energiju u ED mrežu.
Prenošenje toplote u gravitacionoj toplotnoj cevi
Authors: Filipović Nemanja , Gojak Milan
Published: August 2017

Usled promene faze fluida, toplotna cev ima veoma visoku efektivnu toplotnu provodljivost i može da prenosi velike toplotne protoke i pri malim razlikama temperatura. U radu su date fizičke osnove funkcionisanja i prikazan je model prenošenja toplote u gravitacionoj toplotnoj cevi - termosifonu. Analiza dobijenih rezultata je izvršena za različite dimenzije toplotnih cevi, različite kombinacije radnog fluida i materijala cevi, kao i različite uslove rada. Dobijeni rezultati daju osnova za širu primenu toplotnih cevi u procesnoj tehnici.
Interest Rates Under Falling Stars
Authors:   Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, Bauer Michael D. , Rudebusch Glenn D. ,   Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco
Published: August 2017

Macro-finance theory implies that trend inflation and the equilibrium real interest rate are fundamental determinants of the yield curve. However, empirical models of the terms structure of interest rates generally assume that these fundamentals are constant. We show that accounting for time variation in these underlying long-run trends is crucial for understanding the dynamics of Treasury yields and predicting excess bond returns. We introduce a new arbitrage-free model that captures the key role that long-run trends play for interest rates. The model also provides new, more plausible estimates of the term premium and accurate out-of-sample yield forecasts.
Socket preservation
Authors: Nurhaeini Caecilia Susetya Wahyu , Komara Ira
Published: August 2017

Alveolar ridge will commonly decrease in volume and change morphologically, as a result of a tooth loss. These changes are usually clinically significant and can make placement of a conventional protesa  or an implant more difficult. Socket preservation after tooth extraction can minimize ridge resorption. By using socket preservation techniques, it is possible to preserve the height and width of the ridge. Socket preservation can be done by atraumatic tooth extraction, placement of bone graft material, membrane, combination of bone graft and membrane, and connective tissue graf.
Effect of two percent turmeric extract gel on minor recurrent aphthous stomatitis
Authors: N. Nurdiana , Krishnasamy Shamini
Published: August 2017

Minor recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is recurrent oral ulcer with clinical features of shallow ulcer, round or oval shape, measuring less than 10 mm, covered with yellowish white pseudomembrane and surrounded by erythematous halo. Inflammation and pain that accompany the RAS make individual seek treatment to relieve these symptoms. Turmeric extract gel is a traditional medicine that can be used to cure RAS because it has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, covering agents and antioxidants effect. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of 2% turmeric extract gel on minor RAS in reduction of erythematous halo, ulcer size, and pain intensity. This study was an experimental study using a pre test – post test control group design. The study involved 16 patients with minor RAS at University of Sumatera Utara Dental Hospital. Data collected by initial examination of RAS which included erythematous halo, ulcer size and pain intensity then controlled every day for the next three days. Analysis of the data in this study was used Friedman Test and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test to determine the difference between observations before and after RAS treatment. This study showed statistically significant results in reduction of erythematous halo at day of examination to first control with P value of 0.03 and first control to second control with P value of 0.025. Reduction of ulcer size showed statistically significant result at day of examination, first, second and third control with P value of 0.001 (P < 0.05). This study also showed statistically significant reduction in pain intensity with P value of 0.001 (P < 0.05) for day of examination to first control and first control to second control, as well as 0.014 (P < 0.05) for second control to third control. The results of this study showed a significant reduction in erythematous halo, ulcer size, and pain intensity.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue in Sprague-Dawley rats using 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide model
Authors: Erfan Erni , N. Nafrialdi , Ekawuyung Puspita
Published: August 2017

Background. 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) is a water soluble carcinogen which is often used to induce cancer in oral cavity. Objective. The purpose of this study was to know the incidence of histopathological lesions in the tongue of rats after administration of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) for a model of oral carcinogenesis in the animal experimental laboratory. Materials and Methods. This study was conducted in the Department of  Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia (FMUI). 4NQO (30 ppm) was administered by drinking water ad libitum to the Sprague Dawley (SD) rats during different time inductions (4-9 and 36-46 weeks). The present of tumor in oral cavity of the 4NQO-treated rats were observed macroscopically and microscopically. Tumor volume were measured based on the formula established by G. Carlsson. The degree of histological changes was determined according to observation towards their Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) staining results. Results. Dysplasia and invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were respectively found in the tongue of the group given 4NQO for 4-9 and 36-46 weeks. The tongue from rats (4NQO for 36-46 weeks) exhibited whitish protuberant nodular lesions with the longest diameter was 17 mm. The histopathological lesion incidences for dysplasia and invasive SCC respectively were 25% (5/20) and 75% (15/20). The rats had tumor in their tongues with variation of degree alteration which proportional to the induction time. The extension of 4NQO induction time increasing the degree of change in the tumor. Conclusion. 4NQO represents a good model of carcinoma of tongue and gives consistence results with histological changes degree being related to duration of exposure.