bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INTRA- AND INTER-ITERATION 3D OSEM PET IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION
Authors: Jeng Wei-Min , Hsu Yu-Liang
Published: December 2008

Most of the recent medical imaging modalities use noninvasive means to obtain the activity information inside human organs, so doctors may detect the initial symptoms of a disease as early as possible and give appropriate treatment. PET is to use radio-isotopes which can emit positrons in its clinical and research uses. By injecting the nuclear medicine drug formed by labeling a radioelement to molecules of deoxidized glucose to a patient and after the cells in the patient body absorbing it through metabolic functions, the detectors will receive annihilation coincidence events formed from the number of the positrons generated from the response of the labeled deoxidized glucose molecules. The most critical module of the modality therefore is the procedure regarding how to reconstruct good quality images using the collected projection information.

However, in the reconstruction process, MLEM involves massive data in considerable number of iterations in order to yield accurate images and takes quite a long time in computation. Ordered Subsets Expectation Maximization (OSEM) was proposed to accelerate the reconstruction process by expediting the convergence while maintaining the same image quality as those produced by MLEM. Since then, OSEM iterative algorithm has become the de facto reconstruction method adopted by most PET installations. To further improve the image quality, both clinical and research data have been acquired in 3D mode on the majority of the current systems. The accompanied computational load of iterative reconstruction increases considerably resulting from the 3D OSEM method.

Attributed to the fact of the recent technological advancement, many high-performance parallel methods have been proposed to speed up the reconstruction process. These methods in general are to partition data into several sets before applying any parallel acceleration. They do not take on the nature of OSEM method to identify the intrinsic data dependencies. This project intends to analyze the iterative natures of the 3D OSEM method, particularly the intra- and inter-iteration aspects of the reconstruction method along with the latest shared-memory parallel machine architecture. Experiments will be conducted to demonstrate its superior performance over the existing methods.
SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION AND HEMOCOMPATIBILITY OF HEPARINIZED 316L STAINLESS STEEL
Authors: Chuang Tzu-Wen , Lin Feng-Huei
Published: December 2008

Poor compatibility between blood and metallic coronary artery stents is one reason for arterial restenosis. Immobilization of heparin on stent's surface is feasible for improving compatibility. We examined possible surface-coupling agents for anticoagulant agent immobilization. Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI) was examined as surface-coupling agent to activate 316L stainless steel (e.g. stent material). Afterwards, we grafted PEG on the HMDI activated surface to provide heparin with higher conformational freedom and a more hydrophilic environment. The effectiveness of HMDI activated and PEG grafted surface was confirmed by FTIR, XPS, and water contact angle test. Heparin was then immobilized onto the activated 316L stainless steel. The heparin surface density was 9.5 μg/cm2. Sessile drop water contact angles showed that the heparingrafted surface is even more hydrophilic than the PEG grafted one. The function of grafted heparin was evaluated by antithrombrin III (ATIII) adsorption testing and SEM. The surface with heparin grafting shows better ATIII binding ability and hemocompatibility than the native one.
Double Homologation Method for Substituted Soluble Pentacenes and Dimerization Behaviours of Pentacenes
Authors: Li Shi , Li Zhiping , Nakajima Kiyohiko , Kanno Ken‐ichiro , Takahashi Tamotsu
Published: December 2008

Double up: A zirconium‐mediated double homologation method was successfully applied for the synthesis of multi‐substituted pentacene derivatives from 1,2,4,5‐tetrakis(propargyl)benzenes. The bis(zirconacyclopentadiene) intermediates were also characterized. Among these symmetrical derivatives, tetra‐ and octa‐substituted pentacenes undergo reversible conversion between monomeric and dimeric forms.

magnified image

A double homologation method for the formation of substituted soluble pentacenes was developed by a zirconium‐mediated cyclization of tetrayne derivatives. Thermal dimerization of tetra‐ and octasubstituted pentacenes was observed. The dimerization behavior was observed to be strongly related to the substituent groups affixed to the pentacenes.
Water Soluble Cruciforms: Effect of Surfactants on Fluorescence
Authors: Tolosa Juan , H. F. Bunz Uwe
Published: December 2008

Brighten up! Adding surfactants to aqueous solutions of three different water‐soluble cruciforms (XF) improves their fluorescence quantum yields. Additionally, changes are observed in the emission wavelength of the XF around the critical micelle concentration (cmc) of the surfactant.

magnified image

Three 1,4‐bis‐(aminostyryl)‐2,5‐bis(phenylethynyl) benzenes carrying four, six, or eight acetic acid units were investigated for their surfactochromicity. Anionic, cationic, and nonionic surfactants as well as a surfactant‐like protein (bovine serum albumin, BSA) were added to buffered solutions of the XFs in water, causing—in most cases—the fluorescence quantum yield to increase significantly and a blue‐ or red‐shifted emission to be observed. The addition of cationic (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB) and neutral (Brij 35, TWEEN 20 and Triton X‐100) surfactants to XFs causes a red shift in their emission at low or very low surfactant concentrations that we attribute to surfactant‐induced excimer formation. The fluorescence quantum yield is in most cases a monotonous function of surfactant concentration. For the investigated ionic surfactants, the fluorescence quantum yield of the XFs does not change much after the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the surface is reached. However, in the case of non‐ionic surfactants, the fluorescence quantum yields of the XFs starts to increase after the CMC has been reached, suggesting that different effects are involved.
Malaria fördert genetische Vielfalt in Endemiegebieten
Authors: Hille‐Rehfeld Annette
Published: December 2008

Proteinvarianten, deren Funktion beeinträchtigt ist, bieten gelegentlich einen unerwarteten Überlebensvorteil, indem sie vor Infektionskrankheiten schützen. Deshalb treten bestimmte Erbkrankheiten in Endemiegebieten gehäuft auf. Eine normalerweise nachteilige Veränderung im Stoffwechsel der Entzündung schützt beispielsweise die Erstgeborenen von malariainfizierten Müttern.
Immunologische Nachweisverfahren: ELISA
Authors: Schrödel Andrea
Published: December 2008

Mit immunologischen Nachweisverfahren können sowohl Krankheitserreger als auch bestimmte Proteine nachgewiesen werden, die bei Krankheiten als spezifische Biomarker gelten. Weitere bekannte Anwendungsgebiete für diese Tests sind beispielsweise Schwangerschafts‐, Drogen‐ sowie Dopingtests. Alle diese Verfahren haben gemeinsam, dass der Nachweis durch eine Antigen‐Antikörperreaktion geschieht, wobei je nach Konfiguration des Testsystems sowohl Antigen als auch Antikörper der nachzuweisende Analyt sein können.
Chiralität: Überkreuz mit links und rechts
Authors: Quadbeck‐Seeger H.‐J.
Published: December 2008

Die Wissenschaft wirkt wie das Scheidewasser: Es löst und entfernt alles, nur das übrig bleibende Gold hat Bestand. Das Gold ist die Wahrheit. So ließe sich im alchemistischen Stil definieren. Tatsächlich ist die Wissenschaft der einzige Tätigkeitsbereich der Menschheit, in dem nur die überprüfbare, objektive Wahrheit zählt. Betrug wird irgendwann aufgedeckt, falsche Hypothesen gehen unter und Fehler müssen korrigiert werden. Unachtsamkeiten werden erkannt. Von einer solchen ist hier zu berichten.
Rearrangement of N‐Aryl‐2‐Vinylaziridines to Benzoazepines and Dihydropyrroles: A Synthetic and Theoretical Study
Authors: Fantauzzi Simone , Gallo Emma , Caselli Alessandro , Piangiolino Cristiana , Ragaini Fabio , Re Nazzareno , Cenini Sergio
Published: December 2008

Herein we report the one‐pot synthesis of several N‐heterocyclic compounds by rearrangement reactions of N‐aryl‐2‐vinylaziridines. The optimization of the synthetic methodology employed allowed us to obtain differently substituted 2,5‐dihydro‐1H‐benzo[b]azepines in good yields and purities. The relationship between the nature of the starting N‐aryl‐2‐vinylaziridine and the obtained N‐heterocycle was also investigated. Finally, to rationalize all the experimental results reported in this paper a theoretical study was performed that casts light on the reaction mechanism.
Enantioselective Iridium‐Catalyzed Allylic Arylation
Authors: Polet Damien , Rathgeb Xavier , Falciola Caroline A. , Langlois Jean‐Baptiste , El Hajjaji Samir , Alexakis Alexandre
Published: December 2008

We describe herein the development of the first iridium‐catalyzed allylic substitution using arylzinc nucleophiles. High enantioselectivities were obtained from the reactions, which used commercially available Grignard reagents as the starting materials. This methodology was also shown to be compatible with halogen/metal exchange reactions. Its synthetic potential is demonstrated by its application towards the formal synthesis of (+)‐sertraline.
ChemInform Abstract: Proof of Supervalent Doping in Olivine LiFePO4.
Authors: Wagemaker Marnix , Ellis Brian L. , Luetzenkirchen‐Hecht Dirk , Mulder Fokko M. , Nazar Linda F.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Series of Novel Mixed Valent Ferrimagnetic Oxides with a TC up to 270 K: Ca1‐xYxBaFe4O7.
Authors: Raveau B. , Caignaert V. , Pralong V. , Pelloquin D. , Maignan A.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu(I)‐Catalyzed Stereospecific Coupling Reactions of Enantioenriched α‐Stannylated Benzyl Carbamates and Their Application.
Authors: Lange Heiko , Froehlich Roland , Hoppe Dieter
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Predicting Reactivity and Stereoselectivity in the Nazarov Reaction: A Combined Computational and Experimental Study.
Authors: Cavalli Andrea , Pacetti Alessandro , Recanatini Maurizio , Prandi Cristina , Scarpi Dina , Occhiato Ernesto G.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Glycerol as an Efficient Promoting Medium for Organic Reactions.
Authors: Gu Yanlong , Barrault Joel , Jerome Francois
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Dihydroxylation of Olefins Catalyzed by Polystyrene‐sg‐imidazolium Resin‐Supported Osmium Complex.
Authors: Jun Bong‐Hyun , Kim Jong‐Ho , Park Juyoung , Kang Homan , Lee Sang‐Hyeup , Lee Yoon‐Sik
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Effective One‐Pot Synthesis of Aldehydes from Acid Chlorides.
Authors: Choi Seong Jib , Lee Sang Do , An Duk Keun
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Biaryl Phosphite‐Oxazolines from Hydroxyl Amino Acid Derivatives: Highly Efficient Modular Ligands for Ir‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Alkenes.
Authors: Dieguez Montserrat , Mazuela Javier , Pamies Oscar , Verendel J. Johan , Andersson Pher G.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: IBX/I2‐Mediated Oxidation of Alkenes and Alkynes in Water: A Facile Synthesis of α‐Iodoketones.
Authors: Yadav Jhillu S. , Reddy Basi V. Subba , Singh Ashutosh P. , Basak Ashok K.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Symmetric α‐Diketones.
Authors: Voronkov M. G. , Belousova L. I. , Vlasov A. V. , Vlasova N. N.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Michael Addition of Allenoates to Electron‐Deficient Olefins: Facile Synthesis of 2‐Alkynyl‐Substituted Glutaric Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Liu Le‐Ping , Xu Bo , Hammond Gerald B.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Concise Route to Triquinanes from Pyran‐2‐ones.
Authors: Li Lei , McDonald Robert , West F. G.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Sub‐Stoichiometric Tungsten‐Mediated Pauson—Khand Reaction: Scope and Limitations.
Authors: Garcia‐Garcia Patricia , Fernandez‐Rodriguez Manuel A. , Rocaboy Christian , Andina Facundo , Aguilar Enrique
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Method of Preparation of 1‐Adamantylthioacetic Acids Dialkylamides from 4‐(1‐Adamantyl)‐1,2,3‐thiadiazole.
Authors: Petrov M. L. , Shchipalkin A. A. , Kuznetsov V. A.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Regioselective Nickel‐Catalyzed Hydrodefluorination of Pentafluoroacetanilide.
Authors: Prikhod'ko Sergey A. , Adonin Nicolay Yu. , Babushkin Dmitrii E. , Parmon Valentin N.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Sugar‐Derived Bifunctional Thiourea Organocatalyzed Asymmetric Michael Addition of Acetylacetone to Nitroolefins.
Authors: Gao Peng , Wang Chungui , Wu Yang , Zhou Zhenghong , Tang Chuchi
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5‐(2‐Aryl‐2‐haloethyl)salicylates by the First Domino “[3 + 3] Cyclization/Ring‐Cleavage” Reactions of 1,3‐Bis(silyloxy)‐1,3‐butadienes with 3‐Acetyl‐5‐aryl‐4,5‐dihydrofurans.
Authors: Lau Matthias , Langer Peter
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tin‐Free Radical Addition of Acyloxymethyl to Imines.
Authors: Yamada Ken‐ichi , Nakano Mayu , Maekawa Masaru , Akindele Tito , Tomioka Kiyoshi
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Method for Aromatic Friedel—Crafts Acylation Reactions.
Authors: Khodaei Mohammad Mehdi , Bahrami Kiumars , Shahbazi Fomeida
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Three‐Component Novel Synthesis of 1‐Carbamato‐alkyl‐2‐naphthol Derivatives.
Authors: Shaterian Hamid Reza , Hosseinian Asghar , Ghashang Majid
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Five‐Membered 2,3‐Dioxoheterocycles. Part 59. Reaction of 3‐Aroyl‐1H‐pyrrolo[2,1‐c][1,4]benzoxazine‐1,2,4‐triones with Acyclic β‐Enaminoesters. Crystal and Molecular Structure of Ethyl 3‐Benzoyl‐4‐hydroxy‐1‐o‐hydroxyphenyl‐5‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrrolo‐2‐spi ro‐3′‐(5‐methyl‐2‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrrolo‐4‐carboxylate).
Authors: Racheva N. L. , Aliev Z. G. , Belova M. A. , Mashevskaya I. V. , Maslivets A. N.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A One‐Pot Synthesis of Annulated Carbazole Analogues.
Authors: Mohanakrishnan Arasambattu K. , Dhayalan Vasudevan , Clement J. Arul , Kumar Natarajan Senthil
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Polycyclic Oxazol‐2‐one Derivatives by a Tandem [4 + 2] Cycloaddition/Cyclopentannulation/1,5‐Sigmatropic Rearrangement Process of Fischer (Arylalkynyl)(alkoxy)carbenes and exo‐2‐Oxazolidinone Dienes.
Authors: Reyes Leonor , Mendoza Humberto , Vazquez Miguel Angel , Ortega‐Jimenez Fernando , Fuentes‐Benites Aydee , Flores‐Conde Maria Ines , Jimenez‐Vazquez Hugo , Miranda Rene , Tamariz Joaquin , Delgado Francisco
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Complementary Heterogeneous/Homogeneous Protocols for the Synthesis of Densely Functionalized Benzo[d]sultams: C—C Bond Formation by Intramolecular Nucleophilic Aromatic Fluorine Displacement.
Authors: Penso Michele , Albanese Domenico , Landini Dario , Lupi Vittoria , Tagliabue Aaron
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Allenylphosphonates — Useful Precursors of Pyrazoles and 1,2,3‐Triazoles.
Authors: Chakravarty Manab , Kumar N. N. Bhuvan , Sajna K. V. , Swamy K. C. Kumara
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Some New 2,5‐Disubstituted‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole Derivatives.
Authors: Somani Rakesh R. , Shirodkar Prabhakar Y. , Kadam Vilasrao J.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Arylpiperidines by Palladium Couplings of Aryl Bromides with Organozinc Species Derived from Deprotonation of N‐Boc‐Piperidine.
Authors: Coldham Iain , Leonori Daniele
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of Pyrrolo[2,3‐b]pyridines and Pyrido[2′,3′:5,4]pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidines.
Authors: Abdel‐Mohsen Shawkat A. , Geies Ahmed A.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu2O‐Catalyzed Tandem Ring‐Opening/Coupling Cyclization Process for the Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydro‐1,4‐benzodioxins.
Authors: Bao Weiliang , Liu Yunyun , Lv Xin , Qian Weixing
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis, and Antimicrobial Activity of Fused Triheterocyclic Nitrogen Systems Involving Tetrazolo[1,5‐b][1,2,4]triazines.
Authors: Taha Mamdouh A. M. , El‐Badry Susan M.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Two‐Step Regio‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of cis‐Vinylstannanes.
Authors: Mirzayans Paul Malek , Pouwer Rebecca H. , Williams Craig M.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Lancifodilactone G: Insights about an Unusually Stable Enol
Authors: Chenoweth David M. , Chenoweth Kimberly , Goddard William A. III
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure—Activity Relationships of Berberine Analogues as a Novel Class of Low‐Density‐Lipoprotein Receptor Up‐Regulators.
Authors: Yang Peng , Song Dan‐Qing , Li Ying‐Hong , Kong Wei‐Jia , Wang Yan‐Xiang , Gao Li‐Mei , Liu Shu‐Yu , Cao Rui‐Qiang , Jiang Jian‐Dong
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Three New Compounds from Kadsura longipedunculata.
Authors: Sun Han‐Dong , et al. et al.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Isopropanolamine Derivatives as Non‐Peptide Human Immunodeficiency Virus Protease Inhibitors.
Authors: Zhou Lijun , Yang Qingang , Wang Yong , Hu Youhong , Luo Xiaomin , Bai Donglu , Li Shukun
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Organometallic Synthesis of Nanoparticles
Authors: Amiens C. , Chaudret B.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Difluoromethylation and Trifluoromethylation Using Tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene (TDAE) Reagent
Authors: Medebielle Maurice , Dolbier William R. Jr.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Heteroatom‐Substituted Aldehydes and Sugar Aldehydes
Authors: Eckhardt M.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,2‐Diheteroatom‐Substituted Aldehydes
Authors: Harmata M.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Aliphatic and Alicyclic Aldehydes: Synthesis by C‐3 Elongation
Authors: Goettlich R.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Aliphatic and Alicyclic Aldehydes: Synthesis by C‐2 Elongation
Authors: Goettlich R.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐ or Nickel‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions with Organozincs and Related Organometals
Authors: Negishi Ei‐ichi , Hu Qian , Huang Zhihong , Wang Guangwei , Yin Ning
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactions of Allenylzinc Reagents
Authors: Marshall James A.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Dynamic Behavior of Organozinc Compounds
Authors: Guijarro Albert
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbopalladation—Cyclopalladation Sequences
Authors: Catellani Marta , Motti Elena
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Origins of Photocatalysis
Authors: Teichner S. J.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanistic Principles and Applications of Resonance Energy Transfer
Authors: Andrews David L.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Direct Visualization of the Chemical Mechanism in SERRS of 4‐Aminothiophenol/Metal Complexes and Metal/4‐Aminothiophenol/Metal Junctions
Authors: Sun Mengtao , Xu Hongxing
Published: December 2008

Direct visualization of photoinduced tunneling charge transfer (TCT) in an Au5/para‐aminothiophenol (PATP)/Ag6 junction in which Au and Ag clusters form the first and second layer, respectively, is provided by the charge difference density (see picture; green and red stand for holes and electrons, respectively).

magnified image

We theoretically investigate the mechanism of chemical enhancement of surface‐enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) of para‐aminothiophenol (PATP)/metal complexes and metal/PATP/metal junctions. The method of charge difference density is used to visualize intracluster excitation and charge transfer (CT) between PATP and metal during the process of resonant electronic transitions. It is found that the selective enhancement of the b2 mode in SERRS spectra result not only from Albrecht’s A term (the Frank–Condon term), but also from the Herzberg–Teller term (Albrecht’s B mechanism) via resonant CT. For the metal/PATP/metal junctions, the calculated results reveal that the Raman spectrum is of SERRS nature and the nontotally symmetric b2 mode is strongly enhanced at the incident wavelength of 1064 nm when Au and Ag nanoparticles are the first and second layer, respectively, and the dominant enhancement mechanism is the Herzberg–Teller term in chemical enhancement via tunneling charge transfer (intervalence electron transfer from the Ag cluster to the Au cluster). When the first and second layers were inverted (i.e. the Ag and Au nanoparticles are the first and second layers, respectively), the Raman spectrum at an incident wavelength of 1064 nm is due to normal Raman scattering, and the nontotally symmetric b2 mode is not strongly enhanced. Our theoretical results not only support the experimental findings, but also provide a clear physical interpretation.
Synthesis, structure and photoluminescence of a 3D pillared heterometallic coordination polymer containing 2D inorganic cadmium‐potassium‐oxide layer subunits
Authors: Liu Qing‐Yan , Wang Yu‐Ling , Liu Jiu‐Hui
Published: December 2008

Self‐assembly of Cd(NO3)2 with o ‐phthalic acid monopotassium salt (KHphth) in the presence of ethylenediamine (en) produced a new heterometallic coordination polymer [CdK2(phth)2(en)0.5(H2O)]n (1). Single‐crystal X‐ray analyses reveal that it crystallizes in a monoclinic space group P 21/c. a = 11.6707(6) Å, b = 8.1019(4) Å, c = 20.9503(11) Å, β = 94.6640(10)o. The complex displays an en‐pillared 3D framework, which is constructed from 2D [CdK2(phth)2(H2O)]n layers featuring uncommon inorganic cadmium‐potassium‐oxide layers containing potassium‐oxide layers. In the solid state, complex 1 shows photoluminescence with the maximum emission intensities at 355 nm upon excitation at 312 nm. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Pellet – Plasma Interaction: an Analysis of Pellet Injection Experiments by Means of a Multi‐Dimensional MHD Pellet Code
Authors: Lengyel L.L. , Schneider R. , Kardaun O.J.W.F. , Burhenn R. , Zehrfeld H.P. , Veselova I.Yu. , Senichenkov I.Yu. , Rozhansky V.A. , Lalousis P.J.
Published: December 2008

This work is aimed at the analysis of pellet injection experiments by means of a magnetohydrodynamic code that computes the processes of pellet ablation, expansion, ionization, and magnetic confinement of the ablated substance. In particular, experimental pellet injection scenarios stemming from the tokamak ASDEX‐Upgrade (D2 pellets) and the stellarator W7‐AS (carbon pellets) are analyzed by means of this time‐dependent quasithree‐dimensional MHD pellet code. Pellet penetration depths measured in ASDEX‐Upgrade at LFS (low‐field‐side) and HFS (high‐field‐side) pellet injection, are compared with computational results.

It was found that the penetration depths of deuterium pellets observed in about twenty randomly selected LFS and HFS injection scenarios could accurately be reproduced by a single code in which drift effects were intentionally ignored. This may be understood as an indication of the negligible effect drift exerts on the ablation process. At the same time, the distribution of the ablated and partially ionized substance may very well be affected by the drift of the ionized particles in the direction of the decreasing magnetic field.

With the help of the Dα radiation patterns observed, the magnitudes of the heat fluxes affecting the pellet and the ablation cloud were estimated. The calculations show that the thermal heat fluxes (electron and ion) acting along the magnetic field lines are not sufficient to explain the size of the radiating filaments observed.

The effect of extra‐thermal electrons on the ablation history of pellets injected in W7‐AS is demonstrated: the particle end energy fluxes causing measured pellet ablation profiles are determined.

Based on a statistically well‐designed computational data set, an empirical scaling of the penetration depths in terms of the background plasma parameters was attempted. It is shown that the form of the temperature profile of the background plasma cannot be ignored while deriving scaling laws; the specification of the central or the bulk temperature alone is insufficient.

Quantitative data are provided for the magnitudes of various additional processes such as the anomalous thermal conduction across the field lines or the grad(B)‐induced drift of the shielding cloud surrounding the pellet.

The modelling of supersonic gas jets, a fuelling method that appears to be an alternative to pellet injection, is also considered. Since the massive stream of a cold gas represents a disturbance for the recipient plasma similar to that of a pellet, its dynamics can be described by the same means as the evolution of pellet clouds. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Triflic Acid Mediated Dealkylative Lactonisation via NMR‐Observable Alkyloxonium Intermediates
Authors: Muñoz M. Paz , Lloyd‐Jones Guy C.
Published: December 2008

Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TfOH) efficiently induces the dealkylative cyclisation of pent‐4‐enoates to generate γ‐lactones with high selectivity. For primary alkyl esters bearing an additional alkene, only monolactonisation occurs, even in the presence of excess TfOH. The kinetics of the reaction have been studied by 1H NMR spectroscopy, which reveal that the TfOH acid undergoes a self‐catalysed reaction with the pent‐4‐enoate to generate an oxonium triflate intermediate (rate ≈ kobsd.[TfOH]2[ester]1), possibly via the dimer (TfOH)2. The oxonium triflate intermediate then evolves to the γ‐lactone according to unimolecular kinetics, liberating MeOTf in an SNi reaction. 2H‐labelling experiments with TfOD suggest that the acid protonates the carbonyl moiety of the ester, with subsequent intramolecular delivery of D+ to the alkene. The resulting carbocation is transient, being rapidly captured intramolecularly to generate the oxonium species. Reversibility in this step mediates equilibration of diastereomeric oxonium intermediates via the carbocation. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Recent progress of polar stationary phases in CEC and capillary liquid chromatography
Authors: Dong Xiaoli , Wu Ren'an , Dong Jing , Wu Minghuo , Zhu Yan , Zou Hanfa
Published: December 2008

The stationary phases including the nonpolar and polar stationary phases in microscale separations have been greatly developed. This review describes the recent progress of the polar stationary phases (PSPs) with the focus on their preparation and the interesting applications in the field of CEC and capillary liquid chromatography (CLC) covering the literatures from the middle of 2006 to the middle of 2008. The PSPs described herein were summarized into three types as open‐tubular, particle‐packed and monolithic stationary phases for either CEC or CLC, and the separation mechanisms are of hydrophilic interaction, chiral selection, ion‐exchange and/or electrostatic interaction, etc. After overviewing the literatures published in the last 2 years, the research efforts on PSPs for CEC and CLC have been remaining in the fabrication of open‐tubular and monolithic capillary columns; whereas, the research endeavor of PSPs on particulate‐packed format seemed to decline most likely due to the commercial availability of various packing particles for CEC and CLC.
Die Festgesteinsschildmaschine, Interaktion zwischen Gebirge und Vortriebssystem, Kompetenz‐ und Risikoverteilung
Authors: Lauffer Harald
Published: December 2008

Festgesteinsschildmaschinen mit ihren Bauformen Einfachschild (TBM‐S) und Doppelschild (TBM‐DS) haben sich einen wesentlichen Markanteil erobert. Sie werden für einen Vortrieb im Festgestein geringer Standzeit im nachbrüchigen bis gebrächen Gebirge empfohlen. Die Überlegungen über die Interaktion zwischen Gebirge und Vortriebssystem bestätigen die Annahme, dass eine systematische Gebirgsstützung weder im Schneidradbereich noch im Schildbereich gegeben ist. Unter gewissen Umständen kann es jedoch im Schildbereich zur Ausbildung eines sekundären Traggewölbes im aufgelockerten Gebirge kommen. Es zeigt sich, dass vermutete negative Wirkungen des Schneidrads auf die Ortsbrust nicht auftreten und das Lösen weitgehend schonend erfolgt. Der Einsatz von Schaum zur Auffüllung von Nachbrüchen und zur Stabilisierung des Gebirges hat sich bewährt. Portalbereiche und Bereiche geringer Überdeckung sind erforderlichenfalls möglichst vorweg von über Tage aus zu ertüchtigen.

Im Fall von Nachbruch‐ und Verbrucherscheinungen an der Ortsbrust und der Tunnelleibung können Maschinenparameter wie Drehmoment und Vorschubkraft und Bohrkopfdetails das Verhalten einer Festgesteinsschildmaschine in dieser Grenzsituation stark beeinflussen. Da das Baugrundrisiko grundsätzlich dem Auftraggeber zuzuordnen ist, muss sich der Auftraggeber mit diesen Szenarien intensiv auseinandersetzten und eventuell entsprechende Vorgaben für die Gestaltung der TBM machen ohne den Auftragnehmer allzu sehr einzuschränken. Für einen erfolgreichen Vortrieb mit Festgesteinsschildmaschinen im Grenzbereich ist eine partnerschaftliche Zusammenarbeit in allen Phasen der Bauabwicklung von der Vergabe, über die Abstimmung der TBM‐Details bis zur Abwicklung des Vortriebs von größerer Bedeutung. Kürzere und längere, planbare und ungeplante Unterbrüche sind bei TBM‐Vortrieben unvermeidbar und systembedingt. Die baubetrieblichen Risiken von Unterbrüchen sind der Auftragnehmer‐Sphäre, die Folgen für das Verhalten des Gebirges aufgrund einer verlängerten Stehzeit sind der Risikosphäre des Auftraggebers zuzuordnen.
37. Geomechanik‐Kolloquium in Freiberg
Authors: Hausdorf Axel
Published: December 2008

Das 37. Geomechanik‐Kolloquium, das gemeinsam vom Lehrstuhl fürGebirgsund Felsmechanik/Felsbau am Institut für Geotechnik der TU Bergakademie Freiberg, dem IfG – Institut für Gebirgsmechanik GmbH, Leipzig, sowie dem Verein Freiberger Geotechniker e. V. (VFG) veranstaltet wurde, fand mit über 160 Teilnehmern am 14. November 2008 in Freiberg statt. In seiner Begrüßung zur Eröffnung des Kolloquiums unterstrich Professor Heinz Konietzky, Inhaber des veranstaltenden Lehrstuhls fürGebirgsund Felsmechanik, die Bedeutung der Forschung auf dem Gebiet der Geomechanik und stellte dabei aktuelle Forschungsprojekte an seinem Lehrstuhl vor:

– Untersuchungen zur Herstellung hochfester Materialien (z. B. für die Verwendung als Bohr‐ und Gewinnungswerkzeuge) aus Mitteln der Krüger‐Stiftung,

– Mikromechanische Untersuchung und Modellierung heterogener Systeme,

– Untersuchung und Simulation der Verwitterung von Kreidesandstein.
Use of climate indices to predict corn yields in southeast USA
Authors: Martinez Christopher J. , Baigorria Guillermo A. , Jones James W.
Published: December 2008

The impact of large‐scale oceanic and atmospheric climate patterns on county corn yields in Alabama, Florida, and Georgia were evaluated for the period 1970–2005. Associations between detrended corn yield residuals, precipitation, surface temperature, and climate indices were explored by correlation analysis. Significant correlations were found with indices of the Pacific–North American pattern, tropical North Atlantic and eastern tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures, and two indices of the Bermuda high. The summer index of the Bermuda high (BHI) was the only index to be significantly correlated with yield residuals during the critical summer tasselling period; a time when corn is most susceptible to water stress. Due to the high degree of multi‐collinearity found between the five indices, leave‐n‐out cross‐validated principal component regression was conducted using all possible combinations of indices to predict corn yield residuals. Three indices produced models with the greatest skill using both lagged (known prior to planting) and concurrent indices (cross‐validated Pearson's r: 0.679) and using lagged indices only (cross‐validated Pearson's r: 0.569). Using the cross‐validated models 99.2 and 96.9% of predicted county yields showed predictive skill (based on tercile hit scores) using both concurrent and lagged indices, and lagged‐only indices, respectively. The cross‐validated model using lagged‐only indices indicated the results that can be achieved using known climate index values as early as the winter before the spring planting. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society