bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical processes influencing the Asian climate due to black carbon emission over East and South Asia
Authors: Luo Feifei , Samset Bjørn , Stjern Camilla , Joshi Manoj , Wilcox Laura , Allen Robert , Hua Wei , Li Shuanglin
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Many studies have shown that black carbon (BC) aerosols over Asia have significant impacts on regional climate, but with large diversities in intensity, spatial distribution and physical mechanism of regional responses. In this study, we utilized a set of Systematic Regional Aerosol Perturbations (SyRAP) using a reduced complexity climate model, FORTE2, to investigate responses of the Asian climate to BC aerosols over East Asia only, South Asia only, and both regions at once, and thoroughly examine related physical processes. Results show that regional BC aerosols lead to a strong surface cooling, air temperature warming in the low-level troposphere, and drying over the perturbed areas, with seasonal differences in magnitude and spatial distribution. Atmospheric energy budget analysis suggests that reductions in local precipitation primarily depend on the substantial local atmospheric heating due to shortwave absorption by BC. Increases in dry static energy (DSE) flux divergence partly offset the reduced precipitation over north China in summer and most of China and India in the other three seasons. Decreases in DSE flux divergence lead to stronger reduction in precipitation over south China and central India in summer. Changes in DSE flux divergence are mainly due to vertical motions driven by diabatic heating in the middle and lower troposphere. BC perturbations also exert non-local climate impacts through the changes in DSE flux divergence. This study provides a full chain of physical processes of the local climate responses to the Asian BC increases, and gives some insights to better understand the uncertainties of model responses.
Benchmarking and evaluating the NASA Land Information System (version 7.5.2) coupled with the refactored Noah-MP land surface model (version 5.0)
Authors: He Cenlin , Lin Tzu-Shun , Mocko David M. , Abolafia-Rosenzweig Ronnie , Wegiel Jerry W. , Kumar Sujay V.
Published: February 2025

Abstract. We integrate the refactored community Noah-MP version 5.0 model with the NASA Land Information System (LIS) version 7.5.2 to streamline the synchronization, development, and maintenance of Noah-MP within LIS and to enhance their interoperability and applicability. We evaluate and compare 5-year (2018–2022) global and regional benchmark simulations of LIS/Noah-MPv5.0 and LIS/Noah-MPv4.0.1 for a set of key land surface variables. Both models capture the spatial and seasonal distributions of observed soil moisture, latent heat (LH), snow water equivalent (SWE), snow depth, snow cover, and surface albedo, with similar bias patterns. Both models tend to have negative soil moisture bias over wet soil regimes and positive bias over dry soil regimes, with slightly higher (≤ ~0.01 m3/m3 for global mean) soil moisture in LIS/Noah-MPv5.0 than LIS/Noah-MPv4.0.1 across most regions. The model bias patterns of LH overall follow those of soil moisture, while LIS/Noah-MPv5.0 has a lower LH across most non-polar regions than LIS/Noah-MPv4.0.1, which reduces the global mean LH bias from 0.99 W/m2 to -0.39 W/m2. The model SWE bias patterns are dominated by the precipitation and temperature forcing uncertainties, with slightly lower SWE values in LIS/Noah-MPv5.0 (global mean bias of -13.2 mm) than LIS/Noah-MPv4.0.1 (global mean bias of -10.1 mm). The model bias patterns of snow depth generally follow those of SWE. LIS/Noah-MPv4.0.1 consistently overestimates snow cover globally with a mean bias of 0.11, while LIS/Noah-MPv5.0 effectively reduces the overestimates across the global snowpacks with a mean bias of 0.07 because of updated snow cover parameters. Both models show widespread overestimates of surface albedo over mid-latitude and high-latitude regions but significant underestimates in the Sahara Desert and Antarctica. This study reveals possible model deficiencies, motivates future improvements in coupled canopy-snowpack-soil processes and input soil data, and points to the importance of considering observational and forcing data uncertainties in model evaluation.
Efficient use of a Lagrangian Particle Dispersion Model for atmospheric inversions using satellite observations of column mixing ratios
Authors: Thompson Rona Louise , Krishnankutty Nalini , Pisso Ignacio , Schneider Philipp , Stebel Kerstin , Sasakawa Motoki , Stohl Andreas , Platt Stephen
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Satellite instruments for measuring atmospheric column mixing ratios have improved significantly over the past couple of decades with increases in pixel resolution and accuracy. As a result, satellite observations are being increasingly used in atmospheric inversions to improve estimates of emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), particularly CO2 and CH4, and to constrain regional and national emission budgets. However, in order to make use of the increasing resolution in inversions, the atmospheric transport models used need to be able to represent the observations at these finer resolutions. Here, we present a new and computationally efficient methodology to model satellite column average mixing ratios with a Lagrangian Particle Dispersion Model (LPDM) and calculate the Jacobian matrices describing the relationship between surface fluxes of GHGs and atmospheric column average mixing ratios, as needed in inversions. We present a case study using this methodology in the LMPD, FLEXPART, and the inversion framework, FLEXINVERT, to estimate CH4 fluxes over Siberia using column average mixing ratios of CH4 (XCH4) from the TROPOMI instrument onboard the Sentinel-5P satellite. The results of the inversion using TROPOMI XCH4 are evaluated against results using ground-based observations.
Mid-Holocene sea-ice dynamics and climate in the northeastern Weddell Sea inferred from an Antarctic snow petrel stomach oil deposit
Authors: Stevenson Mark A. , Hodgson Dominic A. , Bentley Michael J. , Gröcke Darren R. , Tunstall Neil , Longley Chris , Graham Alice , McClymont Erin L.
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Understanding past variability in Antarctic sea ice is of critical importance to determine how it regulates global climate processes and biogeochemistry, and Southern Ocean marine ecosystems. Records of changes in Holocene sea-ice extent in the Weddell Sea is limited to a few marine sediment cores and inferences from continental ice cores. Here we present a novel record of sea-ice and climate from ~6700 – 2000 cal. yr BP based on accumulation rates and multi-proxy geochemical analyses of a snow petrel stomach-oil deposit from the Heimefrontfjella Range, Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica. Three different sea-ice configurations are interpreted from the record. From 6700 – 6200 cal. yr BP there was a period of low sea ice cover and extensive polynyas associated with warmer temperatures and regional ice shelf retreat. From 6200 – 4700 cal. yr BP there was a gradual transition to more extensive sea-ice configuration and a switch towards foraging in coastal polynyas at the retreating ice-shelf front. Finally, between 4600 – 2000 cal. yr BP increased sea ice extent restricted access to foraging grounds which by ~6700 cal. yr BP resulted in abandonment of the nest. Our results highlight how specific Holocene sea-ice configurations can be interpreted from the geochemical composition of snow petrel stomach-oil deposits, providing insight into the interactions between oceanographic forcing, climate change, ice-shelf extent and ecosystem adaptation. We also show, for the first time, the utility of phytol and cholesterol analysis for understanding past avian diet.
Changes in water quality and ecosystem processes at extreme summer low flow of 2018 with high-frequency sensors
Authors: Huang Jingshui , Borchardt Dietrich , Rode Michael
Published: February 2025

Abstract. The frequency and severity of summer droughts in Central Europe are expected to increase due to climate change, resulting in more frequent extreme summer low-flow events that significantly impact water quality and ecosystem processes. Despite the urgency of this issue, studies utilizing high-frequency measurements to analyze these effects remain scarce. This study focuses on the Lower Bode, a 27.4-km 6th-order agricultural stream in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, equipped with 15-minute interval water quality measurement stations at both ends. The stream experienced extreme low-flow conditions during the summer of 2018. We compared water quality and ecosystem variables from 2018 to those of the 2014–2017 summers using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results showed that water temperature and chlorophyll-a concentrations were significantly higher during the extreme low-flow event, while dissolved oxygen and nitrate concentrations were significantly lower. Diurnal dissolved oxygen fluctuations were more pronounced, with gross primary productivity (GPP) significantly elevated. Benthic algae were the dominant contributors to the increase in GPP (95 %), with phytoplankton accounting for the remaining 5 %. Ecosystem respiration also increased significantly, resulting in near-zero net productivity and a shift towards a less heterotrophic state. While net nitrate uptake rates remained consistent with previous years, the percentage of nitrate removed increased significantly, suggesting enhanced nitrate removal efficiency. This was driven by an increase in gross nitrate uptake, predominantly through benthic algae assimilation, highlighting a strengthened internal nutrient cycle during extreme low flow. Our findings provide new insights into water quality and instream ecosystem processes under extreme low-flow conditions, enhancing our understanding of potential future impacts under climate change.
Enhanced isotopic approach combined with microbiological analyses for more precise distinction of various N-transformation processes in contaminated aquifer – a groundwater incubation study
Authors: Deb Sushmita , Espenberg Mikk , Well Reinhard , Bucha Michał , Jakubiak Marta , Mander Ülo , Lewicka-Szczebak Dominika
Published: February 2025

Abstract. This study explores nitrogen transformations in groundwater from an agricultural area utilizing organic fertilizer (wastewaters from yeast production) integrating isotopic analysis, microbial gene abundance, and the FRAME (isotope FRactionation And Mixing Evaluation) model to trace and quantify nitrogen cycling pathways. Groundwater samples with elevated nitrate concentrations were subjected to controlled laboratory incubations with application of a novel low-level 15N tracing strategy, to investigate microbial processes. Isotope analyses of nitrate, nitrite and nitrous oxide (N2O), coupled with microbial gene quantification via quantitative PCR (qPCR), revealed a shift from archaeal-driven nitrification to bacterial denitrification in post-incubation suboxic conditions, stimulated by glucose addition. FRAME modeling further identified bacterial denitrification (bD) as the dominant pathway of N2O production, which was supported by increased nosZI, nirK and nirS gene abundance and observed isotope effects. Simultaneously to the intensive nitrate reduction, it was observed that the majority of nitrite is likely produced through nitrification processes linked to dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) oxidation. Nitrate reduction had minor contribution in the total nitrite pool. The results demonstrate the efficacy of integrating multi-compound isotope studies and microbial analyses to unravel nitrogen cycling mechanisms. This approach provides a robust framework for addressing nitrogen pollution in groundwater systems and improving water quality management strategies.
Constitution of a multicentennial multirisk database in a mountainous environment from composite sources: the example of the Vallouise-Pelvoux municipality (Ecrins, France)
Authors: Dallons Thanneur Louise , Giacona Florie , Eckert Nicolas , Frey Philippe
Published: February 2025

Abstract. To develop efficient mountain risk management strategies, an obvious, yet tremendously difficult prerequisite is the constitution of comprehensive databases of past events and their impacts over long-time frames. However, existing records are often too short and siloed between different data providers and/or as function of hazards. To fill this gap, a methodology based on the combination of scattered pre-existing records with further archival research is proposed and used to populate a well-structured multirisk database covering the period 1600–2020 AD in a municipality of the French Alps – Vallouise-Pelvoux. Results include 2131 events related to rockfall, landslides, snow avalanches, hydrological and glacial hazards, with documentation of possible interactions between hazards, their characteristics and detailed impacts. The combined use of different sources – and in particular archival searches – and their cross-referencing therefore provides a detailed record of past events that goes far beyond any inventory existing at the local scale. The analysis suggests that the distribution of events results from the combined effect of hazards, sources and human activities putting assets at risk, with a primary effect of sources. The methodology opens perspective for multirisk assessment in mountain territories and can be usefully transferred to other case studies.
NorESM-bcoi-v1: A bias-corrected reanalysis of ocean biogeochemistry at >40° N, 1980–2020, based on a global ocean model hindcast
Authors: Wallhead Philip John , Schwinger Jörg , Tjiputra Jerry , Kristiansen Trond , Bellerby Richard Garth James
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Accurate and gap-free historical datasets of oceanic nutrient concentrations, dissolved oxygen, and carbonate chemistry, are needed for the analysis of anthropogenic impacts and development of predictive models, including as boundary conditions for regional ocean models. We developed low-bias, quasi-optimal 4D interpolations of observed values at latitudes >40° N, excluding Mediterranean and Black Seas, for years 1980–2020 inclusive. Our approach used output from the NorESM-OCv1.2 ocean model hindcast as a basis for kernel-smoothing bias correction and optimal interpolation of anomalies, obtaining monthly reanalysis data at NorESM grid points (30–90 km spatial resolution) and all model depth levels. Based on cross-validation tests with spatially-separated training and test subset locations, the resulting products showed equal or better interpolative accuracy compared to standard climatological products from the World Ocean Atlas 2023 and GLODAPv2, and also compared to existing non-climatological products from machine learning and biogeochemical reanalysis/hindcast datasets from CMEMS/Copernicus. The new products showed skill in tracking smooth seasonal and interannual variations not included in the standard climatologies, and improved spatial coverage and detail resolution in northern/Arctic regions, compared to all tested alternatives. Significant uncertainties remained, however, largely due to sparse observational coverage in seasonal and permanent ice-covered regions, and limited resolution in coastal regions. The NorESM-bcoi-v1 reanalysis data, as well as the associated quality-controlled in situ observational compilations (NORBGCv1) and code used to develop the reanalysis, can be downloaded from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525787 (Wallhead et al., 2024).
Beyond total impervious area: a new lumped descriptor of basin-wide hydrologic connectivity for characterizing urban watersheds
Authors: Dell'Aira Francesco , Meier Claudio I.
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Urbanization impacts on hydrologic response are typically indexed as a function of the fraction of total impervious area (TIA), i.e., the proportion of impervious areas in a basin. This implicitly assumes that changes in flood characteristics are somehow proportional to the extents of land development without considering that such impacts may vary widely depending on the location of the developed areas with respect to each other, the less developed land patches, the stream network, and the basin outlet. In other words, TIA is blind to the spatial arrangement of the different types of land patches within a basin and to the nuanced ways in which runoff volumes are variously generated over them and then subsequently retained or detained as they are routed towards the stream network and then the outlet. To overcome such limitations, we propose a new lumped index that measures the impacts of urbanization on basin response in terms of the emerging hydrologic connectivity, defined here as the distributed property that explains the ability of any hillslope location to quickly receive and transfer runoff to the stream network as driven by topographically induced runoff pathways and locally affected by the different land-use/land-cover types present in a watershed. This alternative, hydrologic-connectivity-based index of urbanization (HCIU) displays sensitivity to the spatial arrangement of both fully developed and less developed or undeveloped patches, each with different degrees of imperviousness, roughness, and other characteristics affecting their abilities to either generate or hydrologically retain or detain runoff, reflecting their distinct localized effects on hydrologic connectivity. The proposed HCIU can be readily obtained in a GIS environment from easily available raster geospatial data. We found that HCIU improves the predictive power of regional equations for peak flow in three large case-study homogeneous regions, when used in place of the traditional TIA.
Reconstructing ice phenology of a lake with complex surface cover: a case study of Lake Ulansu during 1941–2023
Authors: Huo Puzhen , Lu Peng , Cheng Bin , Yu Miao , Wang Qingkai , Li Xuewei , Li Zhijun
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Lake ice phenology plays a critical role in determining the hydrological and biogeochemical dynamics of catchments and regional climates. Lakes with complex shorelines and abundant aquatic vegetation are challenging for retrieving lake ice phenology via remote sensing data, primarily because of mixed pixels containing plants, land, and ice. To address this challenge, a new double-threshold moving t-test (DMTT) algorithm, which uses Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) and Special Sensor Microwave/Imager–Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSM/I–SSMIS) sensor-derived brightness temperature data at a 3.125 km resolution and long-term ERA5 data, was applied to capture the ice phenology of Lake Ulansu from 1979 to 2023. Compared with the previous moving t-test algorithm, the new DMTT algorithm employs air temperature time series to assist in determining abrupt change points and uses two distinct thresholds to calculate the freeze-up start (FUS) and break-up end (BUE) dates. This method effectively improved the detection of ice information for mixed pixels. Furthermore, we extended Lake Ulansu's ice phenology back to 1941 via a random forest (RF) model. The reconstructed ice phenology from 1941 to 2023 indicated that Lake Ulansu had average FUS and BUE dates of 15 ± 5 November and 25 ± 6 March, respectively, with an average ice cover duration (ICD) of 130 ± 8 d. Over the last 4 decades, the ICD has shortened by an average of 22 d. Air temperature was the primary impact factor, accounting for 56.5 % and 67.3 % of the variations in the FUS and BUE dates, respectively. We reconstructed, for the first time, the longest ice phenology over a large shallow lake with complex surface cover. We argue that DMTT can be effectively applied to retrieve ice phenology for other similar lakes, which has not been fully explored worldwide.
ՂԱՐԱԲԱՂԻ ԲԱՐԲԱՌ. ԱՐԴԻ ՎԻՃԱԿԸ ԵՎ ՊԱՀՊԱՆՄԱՆ ՀԵՌԱՆԿԱՐՆԵՐԸ / DIALECT OF KARABAKH. CURRENT STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS
Authors: Sargsyan Armen , Minasyan Shogher
Published: February 2025

This article examines the changes made at the phonetic, grammatical and lexical levels of the Karabakh dialect, which proves that, like other dialects of Armenian, the main means of communication of Artsakh Armenians has no prospects for development and will eventually be subject to elimination. Parallel to that, are presented the prospects of preserving the dialect as an intangible culture of Artsakh, its study is emphasized, the collection of folklore and ethnographic materials in the dialect, the organization of conferences, scientific discussions, cultural and various other events dedicated to the demography of Artsakh and the collection and publication of scientific works.
DIVERSITY OF PLANT COMMUNITIES OF THE NORTH-EASTERN CASPIAN REGION
Authors:   Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Kyzylorda city, Kazakhstan, Ibadullayeva S.J. , Nurgaliyeva A.A. ,   Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Kyzylorda city, Kazakhstan, Tazhenova S.K. ,   Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Kyzylorda city, Kazakhstan, Azhmoldaeva K.B. ,   Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Kyzylorda city, Kazakhstan, Zhandauletova R.B. ,   Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Kyzylorda city, Kazakhstan
Published: February 2025

Проведена оценка современного состояния флоры и растительности. Установлено, что растительный покров изменяется под влиянием как природных, так и антропогенных факторов. Основными ограничивающими факторами ботанического состава сообществ являются режимы увлажнения и засоления. Установлено, что в настоящее время на территории резервата исключено прямое воздействие нефтегазодобывающей отрасли. Основным природным фактором воздействия в характеризуемом районе являются колебания уровня Каспийского моря, меняющие характер увлажнения почв и, соответственно, вызывающие смену ксерофитной растительности на луговую и наоборот. Это имело особое значение контроля состояния растительного покрова в общей системе мониторинга состояния окружающей среды.
Заложены 6 площадок для мониторинга с растительными сообществами, доминанты кото-рых являются фоновыми на исследуемой территории. Путем оценки состояния ценопопуляции выявлено, что антропогенные изменения растительного покрова характеризуются некоторым присутствием в составе сообществ сорных растений. Выявлены флуктуационные изменения рас-тительности на мониторинговых площадках. Установлено, что растительность дельты р, Урал об-ладает большой динамичностью ценотической структуры, обусловленной неустойчивостью режи-мов их местообитаний. Фенологичесчкие явления протекают под влиянием таких факторов, как биологические, экологические служат прекрасным показателем экоклиматических условий региона.
DESCRIPTION OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TOOLS AND STRUCTURES FOR TEACHING MATHEMATICS IN PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITIES
Authors:   Tashkent State Pedagogical University named after Nizami, Tashkent city, Uzbekistan, Nurgaliyeva A.S.
Published: February 2025

One of the main tasks of the modern educational system is to find ways aimed at the professional and personal development of students, as well as to search for effective methods and means of teaching that promote their activation and active participation in the learning process. In the conditions of integrating scientifically based innovative methods and means of teaching in the process of teaching mathematics in higher education institutions, there arises a need to research and develop integral didactic systems that unite all previous achievements and enrich them. The renewal of traditional forms and methods of teaching, as well as the development of alternative educational technologies in domestic higher education, implies not only a review of traditional technologies but also the need to develop adaptive educational technologies. The concept of "new information technologies" is very broad; the adjective "new" indicates work that changes the content of various types of services, making them more flexible compared to previous work. The use of modern technical tools and software, such as software, can facilitate the creation of software products, the use of which can automate the actions of students but will not introduce anything new into the theory of teaching. Therefore, this article identifies the place of mathematical content in future education for future teachers and discusses issues of informational-communicative aspects and means of teaching mathematics as part of the process of professional training of mathematics teachers.
DIRECTING STUDENTS TO RESEARCH WORK USING STEM TECHNOLOGY IN MATHEMATICS LESSONS
Authors:   Hacettepe University, Ankara city, Turkey, Dost S. , Akhatay A.A. ,   Hacettepe University, Ankara city, Turkey
Published: February 2025

This research essay examines Kazakhstan's efforts to integrate STEM education, including mathematics, into its national education system. The country has undertaken a number of initiatives, including the establishment of specialized schools for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, teacher training programs, and a new national curriculum that focuses on the teaching and learning of subjects related to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. To assess the effectiveness of a country’s efforts, the paper uses a literature review, SWOT analysis, and statistical analysis. The literature review examines previous studies on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education and its impact on students’ academic and career success. The SWOT analysis shows the use of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics in mathematics education in Kazakhstan. Finally, the statistical analysis evaluates trends and patterns in the use of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics in mathematics education based on available data. The research paper concludes that Kazakhstan's efforts to reform its education system and integrate science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education into its curriculum are promising. However, further efforts are needed to address challenges such as teacher shortages and uneven access to resources to ensure the success of STEM education in the country. The results can serve as a reference for policymakers and educators in Kazakhstan and other countries looking to improve their education systems through the integration of STEM subjects
ORGANIZATION OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS OF ACTIVE PEDAGOGICAL COMMUNICATION IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE LANGUAGE ENVIRONMENT
Authors:   E.A.Buketov Karaganda University, Karaganda сity, Kazakhstan, Medeubaev N.K. , Abuova N.A. ,   Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Kyzylorda city, Kazakhstan, Kozbagarova Zh.A. ,   Zh. Nurmanov named 198 school, Kyzylorda сity, Kazakhstan
Published: February 2025

The practical significance of the research lies in the fact that the development of human activity, the change in its structural components subject, goal, content of activity, system of actions, and achievement of goals is related to the tools used to perform these actions. Considering that modern information technology is a new tool, the use of information technology as an instrument represents a new form of intellectual and creative activity. In this regard, information technologies created within the educational environment of a 'language environment' are of primary importance. The learning conditions within the 'language environment' created in the electronic environment should foster the development of students' thinking. It promotes the discovery and understanding of clear and hidden systemic connections, contributing not only to increasing students' cognitive activity but also to creative work in forming a system of thinking. In our scientific research work, I discussed information education and the technologies applied in information-based education. We studied the effectiveness of holding teleconferences for the field of education. We have revealed its scope and ways of organi. Programs like Skype and Elluminate Live! were analyzed, focusing on their features, including launching the program, installing it, preparing information beforehand, and the addresses of teleconferences. Instructions were also provided on registering for teleconferences, reading teleconference lists, etc.
Applications of Fourier Transformation with the help of Cryptography
Authors: Aftab Muhammad Haroon , Rehman Shakeela
Published: February 2025

Cryptography is used for the investigation of mathematical skills that interlink with the aspects of data integrity, individual authentication, and information security. Cryptography is the fundamental basis of modern electronic communication. The Encryption means converting a f ile into secret keys, while decryption means converting an encrypted message into normal language. Numeric values from 0 to 25 and 26 to 51 will be assigned to small and capital alphabets, respectively. The special case of Taylor series will be considered for exponential and simple functions. Fourier transformation will be used to code and decode a message. For better calculation of encryption and decryption, the modulus 57 will be used with 4 special characters. Many researchers have utilized different transformations such as Laplace and natural transformations. However, Fourier transformation with exponential function has provided authentic results compared to other transformations. The key factor of this work is the generalized key that decodes the special information, including ATM cards transmitting financial information and computer passwords. Cryptography is the study of mathematical skills related to information security aspects such as confidentiality, data integrity, data authentication, and personal authorship. Fourier Transforms, a powerful mathematical tool used to analyze and manipulate signals in the frequency domain, have found numerous applications in the field of cryptography. By transforming data between the time and frequency domains, Fourier methods offer unique advantages for encryption, decryption, and the design of cryptographic algorithms
STUDY OF THE IRRITANT EFFECT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF THE OINTMENT UBEROSEPT
Authors:   FSBSI All-Russian Veterinary Research Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy, Peregonchiy A.R. , Cheskidova L.V. ,   FSBSI All-Russian Veterinary Research Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy, Bryukhova I.V. ,   FSBSI All-Russian Veterinary Research Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy, Pavlenko O.B. ,   FSBSI All-Russian Veterinary Research Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy, Bliznetsova G.N. ,   FSBSI All-Russian Veterinary Research Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy
Published: February 2025

The article presents the results of two series of experiments on studying the local irritant and anti-inflammatory action of a new complex ointment Uberosept. The studies of the anti-inflammatory activity of the drug were carried out on white rats using the zymosan-induced paw edema model. It has been found that the Uberosept ointment possesses pronounced anti-inflammatory properties, that are not inferior to the comparison drug (Hydrocortisone ointment). The experiments to assess the irritant effect of Uberosept were conducted on guinea pigs. The animals were applied the complex ointment at doses of 0.12 and 0.6 g to the skin used as a single dose, and at a dose of 0.12 g for 14 days. Based on the conducted studies, it can be concluded that the ointment Uberosept does not cause an irritant effect on the skin with a single or long-term use.
Can computed tomography of chest help in diagnosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension - Correlation between findings of computed tomography and echocardiography
Authors:   Resident, Department of Radiodiagnosis, GMCH Sector 32, Chandigarh, India, Gupta Anurag
Published: February 2025

Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) is a condition characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance, which
causes gradual rise in pulmonary artery pressure, compensatory right
ventricular hypertrophy, and finally failure of right heart.
A STUDY ON CONSUMER PERCEPTION ON DIGITAL TRANSACTIONS A SPECIAL REFERENCE TO KADAPA CITY
Authors: K. Venkata Subaiah
Published: February 2025

In Indian economy digital transactions play a vital role, digital payments, e-commerce and net banking is the new technologies in banking industry. In order to transition India into a digital society through cashless transactions, the Indian government launched a digital payment system. In an attempt to encourage cashless transactions and reduce the amount of cash in India and number of digital payment methods are available. The consumer perception of digital payment has a significant and positive impact on adoption of digital payment. The study investigates a customer’s perception towards Digital payments. The structured questionnaire was used as research tool for understanding consumer perception of digital payment. Primary data was collected from respondents in Kadapa city. According to the study's findings, there is a substantial difference between customers' perceptions of digital payment systems and their age. However, there is no significant difference between consumers' perceptions of digital payment systems and their gender or level of education.
Acil Tıp Uygulamalarında Makine Öğrenimleri Başrolü Alır mı?
Authors: Sezik Savaş
Published: February 2025

Acil servislerde iş akışlarındaki temel problemler; yoğunluk, gereksiz kullanım eğilimleri ve uzun bekleme süreleri olarak özetlenebilir. Covid-19 pandemisi sırasında kırılma noktasını yaşayan acil servis yönetiminde yeni yaklaşımlar gündeme gelmiştir. Sağlık hizmeti sağlayıcıları, dünya çapında bu zorlukların çözümü olarak, yapay zekâ uygulamalarını acil servis iş süreçlerine dâhil etmeye başlamışlardır. Yapay zeka tabanlı makine öğrenimi modelleri, gelecekte klinik karar destek sistemlerine entegre edilerek hekimlerin iş yükünü azaltmalarının yanında acil servis işleyişleri için de yardımcı rol oynayacaklar gibi görünmektedir. Biz bu yazımızda, acil serviste makine öğrenimi birlikteliğine götüren nedenler temelinde modellemelerin acil servis hizmetlerindeki güncel durumu özetlemeye çalıştık. Makine öğrenimi modellerinin klinisyenlerin karar verme yetilerini geliştirdiği, tanısal hataları ve bilişsel yüklenmeyi azalttığı görüşleri öne çıkmaktadır.
Comorbidity Profile of Familial Mediterranean Fever Patients Varies by Treatments
Authors: Kayacan Erdoğan Esra , Babaoglu Hakan , Coşkun Şerife , Koçak Ulucaköy Rezan , Orhan Kevser , Güven Serdar Can , Atalar Ebru , Özdemir Ulusoy Bahar , Konak Hatice Ecem , Akyüz Dağli Pınar , Karakaş Özlem , Apaydın Hakan , Polat Bünyamin , Doğan İsmail , Maraş Yüksel , Omma Ahmet , Küçükşahin Orhan , Erten Şükran , Armağan Berkan
Published: February 2025

Objective: Comorbidities may have an impact on the patient’s quality of life and even survival. Treatment resistance in Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) may indirectly indicate severe disease, with inflammation-related comorbidities increasing as severity rises. In the literature, there are no sufficient studies regarding comorbidities in FMF patients. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the comorbid conditions of patients according to FMF treatment steps.
Material and Method: We retrospectively reviewed 740 patients with FMF treated at our rheumatology clinic between May 2019 and March 2024. Patient characteristics, comorbidities, and FMF treatments of patients were evaluated. Patients were grouped according to their FMF treatment: coated colchicine, compressed colchicine, and IL-1 inhibition. Patients received treatments aligned with their disease activity, in accordance with current reimbursement guidelines.
Results: The mean age (SD) of FMF patients was 40.7 (13.3) and 62.4% were female. Of the 44.7% all patients had at least one comorbidity. The three most common comorbidities are hypertension (20%), hyperlipidemia (7%), and depression (6.8%). The initial coated colchicine treatment was changed in a total of 24.5% to compressed colchicine, further step up was done in 13.2% patients to IL-1 inhibition. Hypertension and chronic kidney disease were more common in patients under IL-1 inhibitor treatment.
Conclusion: Our retrospective analysis shows that FMF patients, especially those in the IL-1 inhibitor group, frequently experience comorbidities like hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and depression, even though these patients are younger, suggesting a potential link to severe disease. A comprehensive evaluation of comorbidities, especially in severe disease, is essential to prevent complications, and improve quality of life.
Angol nyelvtanulást támogató online eszközök használata a középiskolások körében
Authors: Ardelean Tímea Krisztina
Published: February 2025

Az elmúlt évtizedekben számos kutatás bizonyította, hogy az internet és azon belül a közösségi média használata nagyban hozzájárulhat az angol nyelvtanuláshoz, illetve nyelvelsajátításhoz. Jelen tanulmány ezt a jelenséget kívánja megvizsgálni középiskolások körében. Két kutatási kérdést vetettünk fel: az angol nyelv használatának gyakoriságát különböző online tevékenységekhez, valamint a nyelvtanulási alkalmazások/oldalak használatát angol nyelvtanulás céljából. Ez utóbbiak lehetnek nyelvcsere közösségi oldalak, online nyelvtanulási platformok, online szótárak, szókincsfejlesztő vagy kiejtést segítő oldalak/alkalmazások. Az eredmények azt mutatják, hogy a vizsgálatba bevont diákok gyakran és nagy számban használják az angol nyelvet online tevékenységekhez, de kifejezetten az angol nyelvtanulási alkalmazásokat/oldalakat nem gyakran és csak egy párat ismernek és használnak a felsoroltak közül.
‘The best lands have been taken’: el proceso de acumulación de tierras de la United Fruit Company a lo largo de la frontera del banano en el Gran Caribe, 1900-1940
Authors: Colmenares Guerra Santiago
Published: February 2025

A partir de los informes de la United Fruit Company presentados a sus accionistas, este artículo reconstruye y cuantifica los procesos de adquisición de tierras por parte de la compañía en los países del gran Caribe en donde operó durante la primera mitad del siglo XX. Los datos permiten rastrear el movimiento de una parte importante de la frontera de mercantilización del banano, desde el núcleo histórico Limón-Bocas del Toro, hacia los países del norte centroamericano, y el caribe colombiano. Adicionalmente, el artículo discute las causas socioeconómicas y ambientales de la acumulación de una reserva amplia de tierras, mucho mayor que el área efectivamente explotada. Esta estrategia por parte de la compañía la entendemos como una respuesta al contra-movimiento de la naturaleza, frente al proceso de simplificación ecológica implícita en la formación de plantaciones.
Potential of Individual Upper-Limb Muscles to Contribute to Postural Tremor: Simulations From Neural Drive to Joint Rotation
Authors: Baker Spencer A. , Beutler Landon J. , Free Daniel B. , Farina Dario , Charles Steven K.
Published: February 2025

Background: It is unclear which muscles contribute most to tremor and should therefore be targeted by tremor suppression methods. Previous studies used mathematical models to investigate how upper-limb biomechanics affect muscles’ potential to generate tremor. These investigations yielded principles, but the models included at most only 15 muscles. Here we expand previous models to include 50 upper-limb muscles, simulate tremor propagation, and test the validity of the previously postulated principles.
Methods: Tremor propagation was characterized using the gains between tremorogenic neural drive to the 50 muscles (inputs) and tremulous joint rotations in the 7 joint degrees-of-freedom (DOF) from shoulder to wrist (outputs). Each gain can be interpreted as the potential of a muscle to generate tremor in a DOF. Robustness and sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the effects of model parameter variability on gains.
Results: Simulations of postural tremor using the expanded model confirmed the previously postulated principles and revealed new insights, including: 1) most of the muscles with the largest gains were among the 15 muscles in the original model; 2) some gains depended strongly on posture; 3) averaged across the postures included in this study, the largest gains belonged to input-output pairs involving biceps/forearm/wrist muscles and forearm/wrist DOF, 4) although some shoulder and extrinsic hand muscles also exhibited large gains, especially in select postures.
Discussion: These observations suggest that in the absence of additional information (such as tremorogenic neural drive to muscles), peripheral tremor suppression efforts should start by targeting biceps/forearm/wrist muscles or forearm/wrist DOF.
Parenting style and Its Effect on Anxiety and Academic Performance among Students
Authors: Tripathi Dr. Rohini , Singh Rakesh Kumar , Pandey Dr. Kashi Nath , Mishra Girijesh
Published: February 2025

Objective: The main purpose of this research was to study the effect of Gender (male & female) and levels (High & Low) of dimensions of Parenting Style on the measures of dependent variables (Anxiety and Academic Performance). Method: The sample for this research consisted of 300 female and male students. Purposive sampling technique was used. Data analysis was done descriptively by using mean and standard deviation and further two-way ANOVA with 2×2 factorial design was used. Screening Instrument: A parenting style and anxiety scale were used. Result: Research results revealed a significant independent effect of levels of all four types of parenting style on both measures of dependent variables (anxiety and academic performance). Significant interaction effects of gender × levels of democratic were found on anxiety and Significant interaction effects of gender × levels of autocratic parenting styles were found on academic performance.
IMPLICAÇÕES EVOLUTIVAS DA ENUCLEAÇÃO DOS GLÓBULOS VERMELHOS EM MAMÍFEROS
Authors: Dos Santos Bruna Espiño , GABRIEL Jane Eyre
Published: February 2025

Os eritrócitos são células hematopoéticas essenciais para o transporte de nutrientes e a realização da hematose pelas trocas gasosas. Tais células tornam-se aptas a desempenhar suas funções ao longo de um complexo processo de maturação celular, denominado eritropoese. Nos mamíferos, a eritropoese inclui um processo adicional: a enucleação celular, que engloba a perda de núcleo e de organelas celulares pelos eritrócitos, em sua etapa final de maturação. Algumas hipóteses vêm sendo propostas para explicar as razões biológicas evolutivas envolvidas nesse fenômeno, sugerindo que a enucleação, nestas células, acarretaria em aumento da taxa de acumulação de hemoglobina (Hb) por volume celular, redução da liberação de radicais livres (ROS), inibição do mecanismo apoptótico e armazenamento anatômico estratégico. Sob este aspecto, o presente estudo objetivou compilar as principais descobertas acadêmicas a partir de levantamento bibliográfico de literatura especializada, revelando as evidências que sustentam as hipóteses evolutivas associadas à enucleação dos eritrócitos em mamíferos. Embora algumas hipóteses venham sendo aventadas a fim de elucidar os mecanismos evolutivos de enucleação durante a eritropoese de mamíferos, tais teorias ainda estão cercadas por incertezas e especulações junto à comunidade científica. Sendo assim, é crucial que estudos comparativos adicionais sejam conduzidos a fim de levantar novas evidências sobre os benefícios evolutivos do fenômeno de enucleação dos eritrócitos em tais animais.
IMPACTOS DA POLÍTICA DE SAÚDE MENTAL NA PRESCRIÇÃO DE PSICOFÁRMACOS NAS UNIDADES BÁSICAS DE SAÚDE
Authors: ALENCAR Luiz Antonio Araujo Coelho de , De Oliveira Ben-Hur José , Pinheiro Henrique Esmeraldo , Pinheiro Saulo Ricarte , MARQUES ANA EMILIA FORMIGA
Published: February 2025

Introdução: A Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) desempenha papel crucial na integração e acessibilidade à Rede de Atenção Psicossocial (RAPS). Por sua fácil acessibilidade, a APS atende uma grande demanda de serviços relacionados à Saúde Mental, portanto as condutas em relação a prescrição de psicofármacos por parte desse setor têm grande impacto na configuração de saúde do país. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto da política de saúde mental na prescrição de psicofármacos nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde. Método: Consiste em uma revisão integrativa de literatura, nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE, SciELO, utilizando os descritores: “Atenção Primária à Saúde”, “Psicotrópicos”, “Psicofármacos” e “Política de Saúde”. Os critérios de inclusão foram: textos completos, nos idiomas português, inglês ou espanhol, cuja publicação ocorreu entre 2019 e 2023 e relacionados ao tema da revisão. Foram excluídos: Textos incompletos ou duplicados, revisões literárias, monografias, teses e trabalhos que não envolvessem a temática. Resultados: Foram identificados inicialmente 327 artigo, que após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão e leitura, foram reduzidos para 6 artigos. A análise demonstrou que o consumo de psicofármacos está vinculado a fatores psicossociais complexos, como luto, problemas financeiros e inclusive violência doméstica. Além disso, a manutenção do modelo biomédico de assistência à saúde impede a visão integral do paciente e o excluí das tomadas de decisão sobre a terapêutica aplicada. Toda via, a cultura de medicalização faz com que o próprio paciente priorize o consumo de psicofármacos. E ainda, existe uma desintegração da RAPS diminui a possibilidade de atuação da APS.
“É BEM LIMITADA A VISÃO DE FUTURO QUE ELES TÊM...” POLÍTICAS CURRICULARES PARA A EDUCAÇÃO INTEGRAL NO SISTEMA SOCIOEDUCATIVO DA PARAÍBA
Authors: Rodrigues Ana Cláudia Silva , Rodrigues Adriege Matias , Rocha Abigail Sales da Costa
Published: February 2025

O presente artigo discute o sistema socieducativo a partir do Programa Escola Cidadã Integral instituído na Paraíba. O objetivo consistiu em analisar a política curricular da educação integral atuada (Ball, Maguine; Braun, 2016) em uma instituição socioeducativa feminina em João Pessoa/PB. Vamos explorar as maneiras pelas quais diferentes tipos de políticas são interpretadas, traduzidas e/ou reconstruídas, a partir das redes formadas cotidianamente na instituição investigada. Para condução da pesquisa, utilizamos o enfoque qualitativo de cunho exploratório, as conversas como caminho metodológico (Ribeiro, Souza e Sampaio, 2018) e a análise documental. O referencial epistemetodológico adotado partiu da abordagem do ciclo de políticas de Stephen Ball e colaboradores (Bowe; Ball; Gold, 1992; Ball, 1994), com ênfase no contexto da prática, incorporando as dimensões contextuais da Teoria de Atuação de Ball, Maguire e Braun (2016) para análise dos achados. Através de conversas com os atores (docentes, gestora, coordenadora e supervisora) da instituição e de suas partilhas de experiências/vivências, conhecimento e informações, podemos visibilizar suas criações curriculares e os modos de existir que divergem da política educacional proposta. Por isso, falar sobre cotidiano escolar e currículo implica acompanhar movimentos que vão transformando a cultura da escola, fortalecendo a criação coletiva e individual, ou seja, questionar os ‘possíveis’ do coletivo inseridos naquele território e, com isso, possibilitar reflexões sobre a constituição das dimensões contextuais da atuação da política: contextos situados, culturas profissionais, contextos materiais e contextos externos. Após o término da pesquisa, é possível observarmos que as redes de conversações estabelecidas no cotidiano escolar potencializam as problematizações coletivas, pois incidem nos múltiplos contextos cotidianos. Destacamos que existe restrição à atuação dos docentes devido à infraestrutura, à gestão da política na rede estadual, ao sistema a que os(as) docentes, adolescentes e jovens são submetidos e à própria cultura organizacional da escola. Porém, evidenciamos que a política curricular atuada pelos sujeitos que estão na escola transborda, rompe, escancara, afronta as desigualdades vivenciadas cotidianamente que ousam existir em situações tão adversas.