bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimizing the Controlling Parameters of a Biomass Boiler Based on Big Data
Authors: He Jiaxin , Zhang Junjiao , Wang Lezhong , Hu Xiaoying , Xue Junjie , Zhao Ying , Wang Xiaoqiang , Dong Changqing
Published: November 2023

This paper presents a comprehensive method for optimizing the controlling parameters of a biomass boiler. The historical data are preprocessed and classified into different conditions with the k-means clustering algorithm. The first-order derivative (FOD) method is used to compensate for the lag of controlling parameters, the backpropagation (BP) neural network is used to map the controlling parameters with the boiler efficiency and unit load, and the ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm is used to search the opening of air dampers. The results of the FOD-BP-ACO model show an improvement in the boiler efficiency compared to the predicted values of FOD-BP and the data compared to the historical true values were observed. The results suggest that this FOD-BP-ACO method can also be used to search and optimize other controlling parameters.
Experimental Study of a Passive Thermal Management System Using Expanded Graphite/Polyethylene Glycol Composite for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Xia Zhenggang , Li Chaoen , Yu Hang , Wang Zhirong
Published: November 2023

Modern energy batteries are mainly used in pure electric vehicles. The stability of battery operation relies heavily on thermal management systems for which phase-change batteries have become an effective solution. In this study, we designed a battery thermal management system divided into two parts: a shaped phase-change material (PCM) module and a battery module. In the qualitative PCM module, polyethylene glycol was used to absorb heat, expanded graphite (EG) was used as the thermally conductive agent, and copper foam formed the support skeleton. The battery module comprised an 18650 lithium-ion battery with an enthalpy of 155 J/g. In our experiments, we applied PCMs to the battery modules and demonstrated the effectiveness of composite PCM (CPCM) in effectively lowering the temperature of both battery packs and minimizing the temperature discrepancies among individual batteries. At a gradually increasing discharge rate (1C/2C/3C), the battery’s Tmax could be lowered and the temperature could be de creased at various positions. It was evident that the battery temperature could be effectively preserved using CPCM. The findings of this study lay a foundation for future research on battery thermal management. Finally, the copper foam and EG contributed significantly to the prevention of leakage.
Optimized Dispatch of Regional Integrated Energy System Considering Wind Power Consumption in Low-Temperature Environment
Authors: Li Liangkai , Huang Jingguang , Li Zhenxing , Qi Hao
Published: November 2023

The wind abandonment phenomenon of cogeneration units in regional integrated energy systems (RIES) under the operation mode of “heat for electricity” and the improvement in the operation efficiency of the energy storage system under a low-temperature environment are problems that need to be solved urgently. To this end, a regional integrated energy system optimization scheduling method based on fine energy storage and wind power consumption is proposed in the paper. First, a fine energy storage model more adapted to a low-temperature environment is established on the power side to accurately simulate the actual working state of the energy storage components and quantify the uncertainty of the wind power output using the conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) theory. Then, a combined heat and power demand response mechanism is introduced on the load side to reduce the peak-to-valley difference in the heat and power loads, it is realized to promote the system’s consumption of wind power without increasing the transmission power of the contact line. Finally, the example is solved on the MATLAB platform with the objective of minimizing the total cost of the RIES optimal dispatch. The simulation results show that the proposed model is not only more adaptable to a low-temperature environment compared with the traditional model but also reduces the overall cost of the system by 2.58% while realizing the complete consumption of wind power. This innovative study provides a feasible and efficient solution to improve the performance of integrated energy systems, especially the operation capability in extreme environments.
Optimal Electric Vehicle Parking Lot Energy Supply Based on Mixed-Integer Linear Programming
Authors: Jakus Damir , Vasilj Josip , Jolevski Danijel
Published: November 2023

E-mobility represents an important part of the EU’s green transition and one of the key drivers for reducing CO2 pollution in urban areas. To accelerate the e-mobility sector’s development it is necessary to invest in energy infrastructure and to assure favorable conditions in terms of competitive electricity prices to make the technology even more attractive. Large peak consumption of parking lots which use different variants of uncoordinated charging strategies increases grid problems and increases electricity supply costs. On the other hand, as observed lately in energy markets, different, mostly uncontrollable, factors can drive electricity prices to extreme levels, making the use of electric vehicles very expensive. In order to reduce exposure to these extreme conditions, it is essential to identify the optimal way to supply parking lots in the long term and to apply an adequate charging strategy that can help to reduce costs for end consumers and bring higher profit for parking lot owners. The significant decline in photovoltaic (PV) and battery storage technology costs makes them an ideal complement for the future supply of parking lots if they are used in an optimal manner in coordination with an adequate charging strategy. This paper addresses the optimal power supply investment problem related to parking lot electricity supply coupled with the application of an optimal EV charging strategy. The proposed optimization model determines optimal investment decisions related to grid supply and contracted peak power, PV plant capacity, battery storage capacity, and operation while optimizing EV charging. The model uses realistic data of EV charging patterns (arrival, departure, energy requirements, etc.) which are derived from commercial platforms. The model is applied using the data and prices from the Croatian market.
Frost-Preventing Design for Space Station Refrigerator
Authors: Guo Dongcai , Dou Teng , Zou Hui , Zhao Yadong , Sheng Qiang
Published: November 2023

Different preservation temperatures for sample storage in space stations and corresponding refrigerator devices have been designed. In the below-freezing environment, frost will occur on the inner wall surface and the sealing place of the refrigerator device, which may have an impact on the operating performance and sealing performance of the refrigerator device. This paper analyzes the impact of frost on refrigerator storage devices, and designs and verifies a scheme of air cooling with a hollow seal method to reduce the impact of frost. The designed refrigerator was tested for air cooling, sealing, and long-term performance. The tests show that the air-cooling structure designed in this paper can effectively reduce the frost on the sample surface. A cumulative helium mass spectrometry leak detection method is applied to verify that the hollow seal structure designed has a better sealing property, which can prevent the diffusion of water vapor and frosting at the sealing position. The design with air cooling and hollow sealing has less frost and more stable performance for long-term operation. The results demonstrate this refrigerator would have the capability of operating on-orbit. The frost-preventing method for space station refrigerator designed in this paper has significance for the design of similar cryogenic equipment in microgravity environments.
Analysis of the Influence of Component Degradation on Different Degradation Indexes of PEMFC
Authors: Fan Lei , Gao Jianhua , Lu Yanda , Shen Wei , Zhou Su
Published: November 2023

To study the effect of component degradation on different degradation indexes of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), a novel model of the PEMFC based on component properties was established. Firstly, the four main components, namely the proton exchange membrane (PEM), catalyst layer (CL), gas diffusion layer (GDL), and bipolar plate (BP), were selected. Moreover, a model of each component reflecting their properties was established and verified. Secondly, calculations of the component properties at the initial state and 5% changed were conducted. The results showed that the effects of the different components’ degradation on the different performance and distribution indexes were different. Considering the nine indexes comprehensively, the influence of component degradation on performance degradation was as follows: GDL > PEM = CL > BP.
Spatio-Temporal Changes and Trade-Offs/Synergies among Ecosystem Services in Beijing from 2000 to 2020
Authors: Xu Fang , Chen Shige , Wang Xiyue , Wang Xiangrong
Published: November 2023

Exploring the dynamic changes and trade-offs/synergies among ecosystem services is essential to urban ecological protection and sustainable development. In this study, we quantified the spatio-temporal changes in nine ecosystem service values in Beijing from 2000 to 2020 based on land-use data and the equivalent factor method. Correlation analysis and geographically weighted regression were combined to explore the trade-offs and synergies between ecosystem services. The results show that (1) the total ecosystem service value of Beijing increased from CNY 15 billion to 52 billion from 2000 to 2020, and the value was mainly contributed to by forest, cropland, and water. The regulating services covered the largest proportion of the total ecosystem service value, followed by the supporting services; (2) the high-ESV area was mainly located in the mountainous area with abundant forest resources, and the low values were mainly concentrated in central urban areas; (3) most of the ecosystem service pairs had synergies, while the trade-offs mainly existed between food supply services and other services. Measures, such as controlling built-up areas, increasing the area of green space and enhancing vegetation protection, as well as implementing high-quality agriculture, should be taken in order to balance the relationship between ESs and improve ecosystem management in Beijing.
Analysis of Nucleotide Variations in Human G-Quadruplex Forming Regions Associated with Disease States
Authors: Neupane Aryan , Chariker Julia H. , Rouchka Eric C.
Published: November 2023

While the role of G quadruplex (G4) structures has been identified in cancers and metabolic disorders, single nucleotide variations (SNVs) and their effect on G4s in disease contexts have not been extensively studied. The COSMIC and CLINVAR databases were used to detect SNVs present in G4s to identify sequence level changes and their effect on the alteration of the G4 secondary structure. A total of 37,515 G4 SNVs in the COSMIC database and 2378 in CLINVAR were identified. Of those, 7236 COSMIC (19.3%) and 457 (19%) of the CLINVAR variants result in G4 loss, while 2728 (COSMIC) and 129 (CLINVAR) SNVs gain a G4 structure. The remaining variants potentially affect the folding energy without affecting the presence of a G4. Analysis of mutational patterns in the G4 structure shows a higher selective pressure (3-fold) in the coding region on the template strand compared to the reverse strand. At the same time, an equal proportion of SNVs were observed among intronic, promoter, and enhancer regions across strands.
Oligo-Metastatic Disease in Oncology: Exploring the Limits and the Potential of Genetic Assessment
Authors: Santorsola Mariachiara , Capuozzo Maurizio , Savarese Giovanni , Ianniello Monica , Petrillo Nadia , Casillo Marika , Sabbatino Francesco , Perri Francesco , Ferrara Francesco , Zovi Andrea , Berretta Massimiliano , Granata Vincenza , Nasti Guglielmo , Ottaiano Alessandro
Published: November 2023

Oligo-metastatic disease (OMD) in the field of oncology denotes a distinct subset of metastatic tumors characterized by less aggressive biological behavior and extended survival times in comparison to their widely metastatic counterparts. While there is a general consensus regarding the existence of OMD, there remains a lack of widely accepted criteria for its a priori identification at the time of presentation. This review delves into the concept of OMD, placing a particular emphasis on the significance of understanding the limitations and potential of genetic assessments. It explores how these aspects are crucial in advancing our comprehension of this phenomenon. In a rapidly advancing era of precision medicine, understanding the intricacies of OMD opens up exciting possibilities for tailored treatment approaches. By elucidating the genetic underpinnings and dynamic nature of this condition, we stand to improve patient outcomes and potentially shift the paradigm of metastatic cancer management.
A DNA Methylation Perspective on Infertility
Authors: Shacfe Ghaleb , Turko Rasoul , Syed Haadi , Masoud Ibraheem , Tahmaz Yahya , Samhan Lara , Alkattan Khaled , Shafqat Areez , Yaqinuddin Ahmed
Published: November 2023

Infertility affects a significant number of couples worldwide and its incidence is increasing. While assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have revolutionized the treatment landscape of infertility, a significant number of couples present with an idiopathic cause for their infertility, hindering effective management. Profiling the genome and transcriptome of infertile men and women has revealed abnormal gene expression. Epigenetic modifications, which comprise dynamic processes that can transduce environmental signals into gene expression changes, may explain these findings. Indeed, aberrant DNA methylation has been widely characterized as a cause of abnormal sperm and oocyte gene expression with potentially deleterious consequences on fertilization and pregnancy outcomes. This review aims to provide a concise overview of male and female infertility through the lens of DNA methylation alterations.
Propidium Monoazide-Treated, Cell-Direct, Quantitative PCR for Detecting Viable Chloramphenicol-Resistant Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium glutamicum Cells
Authors: Qin Yang , Qu Bo , Lee Bumkyu
Published: November 2023

With the rapid development and commercialization of industrial genetically modified microorganisms (GMMs), public concerns regarding their potential effects are on the rise. It is imperative to promptly monitor the unintended release of viable GMMs into wastewater, the air, and the surrounding ecosystems to prevent the risk of horizontal gene transfer to native microorganisms. In this study, we have developed a method that combines propidium monoazide (PMA) with a dual-plex quantitative PCR (qPCR) approach based on TaqMan probes. This method targets the chloramphenicol-resistant gene (CmR) along with the endogenous genes D-1-deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate synthase (dxs) and chromosomal replication initiator protein (dnaA). It allows for the direct quantitative detection of viable genetically modified Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium glutamicum cells, eliminating the requirement for DNA isolation. The dual-plex qPCR targeting CmR/dxs and CmR/dnaA demonstrated excellent performance across various templates, including DNA, cultured cells, and PMA-treated cells. Repeatability and precision, defined as RSDr% and bias%, respectively, were calculated and found to fall within the acceptable limits specified by the European Network of GMO Laboratories (ENGL). Through PMA–qPCR assays, we determined the detection limits for viable chloramphenicol-resistant E. coli and C. glutamicum strains to be 20 and 51 cells, respectively, at a 95% confidence level. Notably, this method demonstrated superior sensitivity compared to Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), which has a detection limit exceeding 1000 viable cells for both GM bacterial strains. This approach offers the potential to accurately and efficiently detect viable cells of GMMs, providing a time-saving and cost-effective solution.
Complete Plastid Genomes of Nine Species of Ranunculeae (Ranunculaceae) and Their Phylogenetic Inferences
Authors: Ji Jiaxin , Luo Yike , Pei Linying , Li Mingyang , Xiao Jiamin , Li Wenhe , Wu Huanyu , Luo Yuexin , He Jian , Cheng Jin , Xie Lei
Published: November 2023

The tribe Ranunculeae, Ranunculaceae, comprising 19 genera widely distributed all over the world. Although a large number of Sanger sequencing-based molecular phylogenetic studies have been published, very few studies have been performed on using genomic data to infer phylogenetic relationships within Ranunculeae. In this study, the complete plastid genomes of nine species (eleven samples) from Ceratocephala, Halerpestes, and Ranunculus were de novo assembled using a next-generation sequencing method. Previously published plastomes of Oxygraphis and other related genera of the family were downloaded from GenBank for comparative analysis. The complete plastome of each Ranunculeae species has 112 genes in total, including 78 protein-coding genes, 30 transfer RNA genes, and four ribosomal RNA genes. The plastome structure of Ranunculeae samples is conserved in gene order and arrangement. There are no inverted repeat (IR) region expansions and only one IR contraction was found in the tested samples. This study also compared plastome sequences across all the samples in gene collinearity, codon usage, RNA editing sites, nucleotide variability, simple sequence repeats, and positive selection sites. Phylogeny of the available Ranunculeae species was inferred by the plastome data using maximum-likelihood and Bayesian inference methods, and data partitioning strategies were tested. The phylogenetic relationships were better resolved compared to previous studies based on Sanger sequencing methods, showing the potential value of the plastome data in inferring the phylogeny of the tribe.
NUP85 as a Neurodevelopmental Gene: From Podocyte to Neuron
Authors: Gambadauro Antonella , Mangano Giuseppe Donato , Galletta Karol , Granata Francesca , Riva Antonella , Massella Laura , Guzzo Isabella , Farello Giovanni , Scorrano Giovanna , Di Francesco Ludovica , Di Donato Giulio , Ianni Carolina , Di Ludovico Armando , La Bella Saverio , Striano Pasquale , Efthymiou Stephanie , Houlden Henry , Nardello Rosaria , Chimenz Roberto
Published: November 2023

Pathogenic gene variants encoding nuclear pore complex (NPC) proteins were previously implicated in the pathogenesis of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). The NUP85 gene, encoding nucleoporin, is related to a very rare form of SRNS with limited genotype–phenotype information. We identified an Italian boy affected with an SRNS associated with severe neurodevelopmental impairment characterized by microcephaly, axial hypotonia, lack of achievement of motor milestones, and refractory seizures with an associated hypsarrhythmic pattern on electroencephalography. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed hypoplasia of the corpus callosum and a simplified gyration of the cerebral cortex. Since the age of 3 years, the boy was followed up at our Pediatric Nephrology Department for an SRNS, with a focal segmental glomerulosclerosis at renal biopsy. The boy died 32 months after SRNS onset, and a Whole-Exome Sequencing analysis revealed a novel compound heterozygous variant in NUP85 (NM_024844.5): 611T>A (p.Val204Glu), c.1904T>G (p.Leu635Arg), inherited from the father and mother, respectively. We delineated the clinical phenotypes of NUP85-related disorders, reviewed the affected individuals so far reported in the literature, and overall expanded both the phenotypic and the molecular spectrum associated with this ultra-rare genetic condition. Our study suggests a potential occurrence of severe neurological phenotypes as part of the NUP85-related clinical spectrum and highlights an important involvement of nucleoporin in brain developmental processes and neurological function.
Comparison of Hi-C-Based Scaffolding Tools on Plant Genomes
Authors: Hou Yuze , Wang Li , Pan Weihua
Published: November 2023

De novo genome assembly holds paramount significance in the field of genomics. Scaffolding, as a pivotal component within the genome assembly process, is instrumental in determining the orientation and arrangement of contigs, ultimately facilitating the generation of a chromosome-level assembly. Scaffolding is contingent on supplementary linkage information, including paired-end reads, bionano, physical mapping, genetic mapping, and Hi-C (an abbreviation for High-throughput Chromosome Conformation Capture). In recent years, Hi-C has emerged as the predominant source of linkage information in scaffolding, attributed to its capacity to offer long-range signals, leading to the development of numerous Hi-C-based scaffolding tools. However, to the best of our knowledge, there has been a paucity of comprehensive studies assessing and comparing the efficacy of these tools. In order to address this gap, we meticulously selected six tools, namely LACHESIS, pin_hic, YaHS, SALSA2, 3d-DNA, and ALLHiC, and conducted a comparative analysis of their performance across haploid, diploid, and polyploid genomes. This endeavor has yielded valuable insights in advancing the field of genome scaffolding research.
Relationship between Quality of Life and Adult Attachment Factors in Mothers of Children with and without Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Carneiro Maria de Nazareth de Lima , Gomes Daniela Lopes , da Fonseca Arthur Andrade , Ripardo Rachel Coelho
Published: November 2023

The mothers of children with a specific clinical situation such as type 1 diabetes mellitus may have a higher level of stress, causing a worse perception of their quality of life, greater anxiety, and greater avoidance (adult attachment factors). The objective of this research was to verify if there is a relationship between the adult attachment factors of mothers of children with and without type 1 diabetes mellitus and the perception of the quality of life of these mothers. This survey was carried out from July to September 2022, with mothers of children aged 5 to 10 years, with and without diabetes. The data were collected through an online questionnaire, with socioeconomic data from the attachment scale Experience in Close Relationship—(Reduced), and the questionnaire on the quality of life, the WHOQOL-abbreviated questionnaire. For statistical analysis, the Statistical Package for Social Science 24 was used. A total of 45 mothers of children with DM1 and 55 mothers of healthy children were evaluated. The mothers of children with DM1 had a worse perception of their quality of life when compared to the mothers of healthy children (p < 0.05), with no difference in terms of the attachment style. Therefore, it is understood that actions aimed at improving the quality of life of these mothers are necessary.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Artisanal and Small-Scale Miners regarding Tuberculosis, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, and Silicosis in Zimbabwe
Authors: Moyo Dingani , Kavenga Fungai , Ncube Ronald Thulani , Macheri Farai Peter , Mando Tariro Christwish , Moyo Florence , Muzvidziwa Orippa , Ncube Mpokiseng , Masvingo Hellen , Chigaraza Blessings , Nyambo Andrew , Mangwanya Albert , Mwale Rosemary Ncube , Mazadza Trust , Magidi Tinashe , Benny Gerald , Ndudzo Chamunorwa , Kandido Victoria Varaidzo , Mutungamiri Kudzaishe , Timire Collins
Published: November 2023

In Zimbabwe, artisanal and small-scale miners (ASMs) have a high prevalence of tuberculosis (TB), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and silicosis. Previous studies on ASMs utilised programme data, and it was not possible to understand reasons for the high prevalence of these comorbidities. We conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of ASMs regarding TB, HIV, and silicosis. We enrolled a convenience sample of 652 ASMs. Their mean (standard deviation) age was 34.2 (10.8) years. There were 602 (92%) men and over 75% had attained secondary education. A total of 504 (80%) of the ASMs knew that TB is a curable disease, and 564 (87%) knew that they were at higher risk of TB than the general population. However, they were less likely to know that HIV increases the risk of TB disease, 340 (52%), with only 226 (35%) who perceived the risk of TB infection to be high among ASMs. Only 564 (59%) were aware that silica dust causes permanent and incurable lung diseases. Six hundred and twenty (97%) showed a positive attitude towards healthcare when they were sick, and 97% were willing to use special respirators to prevent dust inhalation. On practices, only 159 (30%) reported consistent use of either cloth or respirators to prevent dust inhalation. Three hundred and five (49%) ASMs reported consistent use of condoms outside their homes and 323 (50%) reported use of water to suppress dust. Only 480 (75%) of ASMs sought healthcare services when sick. ASMs cited challenges of accessing healthcare services due to lack of money to pay for healthcare (50%), long distances to clinics (17%), and the shortage of medicines at clinics (11%). Effective control of TB, silicosis, and HIV among ASMs requires addressing the identified knowledge gaps and barriers that are faced by ASMs in accessing personal protective equipment and healthcare services. This will require multisector collaboration and the involvement of ASMs in co-designing a package of healthcare services that are tailored for them.
New Insights into Cardiovascular Diseases Treatment Based on Molecular Targets
Authors: Wojtasińska Armanda , Kućmierz Joanna , Tokarek Julita , Dybiec Jill , Rodzeń Anna , Młynarska Ewelina , Rysz Jacek , Franczyk Beata
Published: November 2023

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) which consist of ischemic heart disease, stroke, heart failure, peripheral arterial disease, and several other cardiac and vascular conditions are one of the most common causes of death worldwide and often co-occur with diabetes mellitus and lipid disorders which worsens the prognosis and becomes a therapeutic challenge. Due to the increasing number of patients with CVDs, we need to search for new risk factors and pathophysiological changes to create new strategies for preventing, diagnosing, and treating not only CVDs but also comorbidities like diabetes mellitus and lipid disorders. As increasing amount of patients suffering from CVDs, there are many therapies which focus on new molecular targets like proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), angiopoietin-like protein 3, ATP-citrate lyase, or new technologies such as siRNA in treatment of dyslipidemia or sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 and glucagon-like peptide-1 in treatment of diabetes mellitus. Both SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists are used in the treatment of diabetes, however, they proved to have a beneficial effect in CVDs as well. Moreover, a significant amount of evidence has shown that exosomes seem to be associated with myocardial ischaemia and that exosome levels correlate with the severity of myocardial injury. In our work, we would like to focus on the above mechanisms. The knowledge of them allows for the appearance of new strategies of treatment among patients with CVDs.
Soluble P2X7 Receptor Plasma Levels in Obese Subjects before and after Weight Loss via Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Di Vincenzo Angelo , Granzotto Marnie , Graziani Andrea , Crescenzi Marika , Foletto Mirto , Prevedello Luca , Capone Federico , Vettor Roberto , Rossato Marco
Published: November 2023

Obesity is a systemic disease frequently associated with important complications such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. It has also been proven that obesity is a disease associated with chronic low-grade systemic inflammation and that weight loss improves this low-grade chronic inflammatory condition. The P2X7 purinergic receptor (P2X7R), belonging to the family of the receptors for extracellular ATP, is a main player in inflammation, activating inflammasome and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. In this study, we evaluated the plasma levels of soluble P2X7R (sP2X7R) measured in a group of obese patients before and one year after bariatric surgery. Furthermore, we evaluated the relation of sP2X7R to inflammatory marker plasma levels. We enrolled 15 obese patients who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, evaluating anthropometric parameters (weight, height, BMI and waist circumference) before and after surgery. Moreover, we measured the plasma levels of inflammatory markers (CRP, TNFα and IL-6) before and after weight loss via bariatric surgery. The results of our study show that one year after bariatric surgery, obese patients significantly decrease body weight with a significant decrease in CRP, TNF-alfa and IL-6 plasma levels. Similarly, after weight loss, obese subjects showed a significant reduction in sP2X7R plasma levels. Moreover, before surgery, plasma levels of sP2X7R were inversely related with those of CRP, TNF-alfa and IL-6. Given the role of P2X7R in inflammation, we hypothesized that, in obese subjects, sP2X7R could represent a possible marker of chronic low-grade inflammation, hypothesizing a possible role as a mediator of obesity complications.
Development of Visible Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of Tricyclic Antidepressants Based on Formation of Molecular Complexes with p-Benzoquinones
Authors: Ciuca Maria D. , Racovita Radu C.
Published: November 2023

Tricyclic antidepressants are commonly employed in the management of major depressive disorders. The present work describes two visible (VIS) spectrophotometric techniques that utilize the formation of charge transfer complexes between four antidepressant compounds, namely, amitriptyline hydrochloride (AMI), imipramine hydrochloride (IMI), clomipramine hydrochloride (CLO), and trimipramine maleate (TRI) acting as electron donors and two p-benzoquinones, namely, p-chloranilic acid (pCA) and 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ), serving as electron acceptors. The stoichiometry of the compounds produced exhibited a consistent 1:1 ratio in all instances, as established by Job’s method. Molar absorptivities, equilibrium association constants, and several other spectroscopic properties were determined for all complexes. The developed spectrophotometric techniques were validated intra-laboratory and successfully applied for quantitative assessment of the four antidepressant active ingredients in several commercial pharmaceutical formulations. The methods are relatively simple, fast, and use readily available laboratory instrumentation, making them easily applicable by most quality control laboratories worldwide.
Effect of the Protein Corona Formation on Antibody Functionalized Liquid Lipid Nanocarriers
Authors: Navarro-Marchal Saúl A. , Martín-Contreras Marina , Castro-Santiago David , del Castillo-Santaella Teresa , Graván Pablo , Jódar-Reyes Ana Belén , Marchal Juan Antonio , Peula-García José Manuel
Published: November 2023

The main aim of this study is to report basic knowledge on how a protein corona (PC) could affect or modify the way in which multifunctionalized nanoparticles interact with cells. With this purpose, we have firstly optimized the development of a target-specific nanocarrier by coupling a specific fluorescent antibody on the surface of functionalized lipid liquid nanocapsules (LLNCs). Thus, an anti-HER2-FITC antibody (αHER2) has been used, HER2 being a surface receptor that is overexpressed in several tumor cells. Subsequently, the in vitro formation of a PC has been developed using fetal bovine serum supplemented with human fibrinogen. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA), Laser Doppler Electrophoresis (LDE), and Gel Chromatography techniques have been used to assure a complete physico-chemical characterization of the nano-complexes with (LLNCs-αHER2-PC) and without (LLNCs-αHER2) the surrounding PC. In addition, cellular assays were performed to study the cellular uptake and the specific cellular-nanocarrier interactions using the SKBR3 (high expression of HER2) breast cancer cell line and human dermal fibroblasts (HDFa) (healthy cell line without expression of HER2 receptors as control), showing that the SKBR3 cell line had a higher transport rate (50-fold) than HDFa at 60 min with LLNCs-αHER2. Moreover, the SKBR3 cell line incubated with LLNCs-αHER2-PC suffered a significant reduction (40%) in the uptake. These results suggest that the formation of a PC onto LLNCs does not prevent specific cell targeting, although it does have an important influence on cell uptake.
GraphGPT: A Graph Enhanced Generative Pretrained Transformer for Conditioned Molecular Generation
Authors: Lu Hao , Wei Zhiqiang , Wang Xuze , Zhang Kun , Liu Hao
Published: November 2023

Condition-based molecular generation can generate a large number of molecules with particular properties, expanding the virtual drug screening library, and accelerating the process of drug discovery. In this study, we combined a molecular graph structure and sequential representations using a generative pretrained transformer (GPT) architecture for generating molecules conditionally. The incorporation of graph structure information facilitated a better comprehension of molecular topological features, and the augmentation of a sequential contextual understanding of GPT architecture facilitated molecular generation. The experiments indicate that our model efficiently produces molecules with the desired properties, with valid and unique metrics that are close to 100%. Faced with the typical task of generating molecules based on a scaffold in drug discovery, our model is able to preserve scaffold information and generate molecules with low similarity and specified properties.
Insights into the Serum Metabolic Adaptations in Response to Inspiratory Muscle Training: A Metabolomic Approach Based on 1H NMR and UHPLC-HRMS/MS
Authors: Castro Alex , Catai Aparecida M. , Rehder-Santos Patrícia , Signini Étore F. , de Abreu Raphael Martins , Da Silva Claudio Donisete , Dato Carla Cristina , Oliveira Regina V. , Ferreira Antônio G.
Published: November 2023

Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) is known to promote physiological benefits and improve physical performance in endurance sports activities. However, the metabolic adaptations promoted by different IMT prescribing strategies remain unclear. In this work, a longitudinal, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled, parallel trial was performed to investigate the effects of 11 weeks (3 days·week−1) of IMT at different exercise intensities on the serum metabolomics profile and its main regulated metabolic pathways. Twenty-eight healthy male recreational cyclists (30.4 ± 6.5 years) were randomized into three groups: sham (6 cm·H2O of inspiratory pressure, n = 7), moderate-intensity (MI group, 60% maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), n = 11) and high-intensity (HI group, 85–90% MIP, n = 10). Blood serum samples were collected before and after 11 weeks of IMT and analyzed by 1H NMR and UHPLC-HRMS/MS. Data were analyzed using linear mixed models and metabolite set enrichment analysis. The 1H NMR and UHPLC-HRMS/MS techniques resulted in 46 and 200 compounds, respectively. These results showed that ketone body metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis were upregulated after IMT, while alpha linolenic acid and linoleic acid metabolism as well as biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids were downregulated. The MI group presented higher MIP, Tryptophan, and Valine levels but decreased 2-Hydroxybutyrate levels when compared to the other two studied groups. These results suggest an increase in the oxidative metabolic processes after IMT at different intensities with additional evidence for the upregulation of essential amino acid metabolism in the MI group accompanied by greater improvement in respiratory muscle strength.
The Role of Immune Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease Development
Authors: Cossu Davide , Hatano Taku , Hattori Nobutaka
Published: November 2023

Recent research has unveiled intriguing insights suggesting that the body’s immune system may be implicated in Parkinson’s disease (PD) development. Studies have observed disparities in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers between PD patients and healthy individuals. This finding underscores the potential influence of immune system dysfunction in the genesis of this condition. A dysfunctional immune system can serve as a primary catalyst for systemic inflammation in the body, which may contribute to the emergence of various brain disorders. The identification of several genes associated with PD, as well as their connection to neuroinflammation, raises the likelihood of disease susceptibility. Moreover, advancing age and mitochondrial dysfunction can weaken the immune system, potentially implicating them in the onset of the disease, particularly among older individuals. Compromised integrity of the blood–brain barrier could facilitate the immune system’s access to brain tissue. This exposure may lead to encounters with native antigens or infections, potentially triggering an autoimmune response. Furthermore, there is mounting evidence supporting the notion that gut dysbiosis might represent an initial trigger for brain inflammation, ultimately promoting neurodegeneration. In this comprehensive review, we will delve into the numerous hypotheses surrounding the role of both innate and adaptive immunity in PD.
Immunomodulation of Antibody Glycosylation through the Placental Transfer
Authors: Gao Chang , Chen Qingyan , Hao Xinxin , Wang Qiushi
Published: November 2023

Establishing an immune balance between the mother and fetus during gestation is crucial, with the placenta acting as the epicenter of immune tolerance. The placental transfer of antibodies, mainly immunoglobulin G (IgG), is critical in protecting the developing fetus from infections. This review looks at how immunomodulation of antibody glycosylation occurs during placental transfer and how it affects fetal health. The passage of maternal IgG antibodies through the placental layers, including the syncytiotrophoblast, stroma, and fetal endothelium, is discussed. The effect of IgG subclass, glycosylation, concentration, maternal infections, and antigen specificity on antibody transfer efficiency is investigated. FcRn-mediated IgG transport, influenced by pH-dependent binding, is essential for placental transfer. Additionally, this review delves into the impact of glycosylation patterns on antibody functionality, considering both protective and pathological effects. Factors affecting the transfer of protective antibodies, such as maternal vaccination, are discussed along with reducing harmful antibodies. This in-depth examination of placental antibody transfer and glycosylation provides insights into improving neonatal immunity and mitigating the effects of maternal autoimmune and alloimmune conditions.
Deprivation of Sexual Reproduction during Garlic Domestication and Crop Evolution
Authors: Shemesh-Mayer Einat , Faigenboim Adi , Sherman Amir , Gao Song , Zeng Zheng , Liu Touming , Kamenetsky-Goldstein Rina
Published: November 2023

Garlic, originating in the mountains of Central Asia, has undergone domestication and subsequent widespread introduction to diverse regions. Human selection for adaptation to various climates has resulted in the development of numerous garlic varieties, each characterized by specific morphological and physiological traits. However, this process has led to a loss of fertility and seed production in garlic crops. In this study, we conducted morpho-physiological and transcriptome analyses, along with whole-genome resequencing of 41 garlic accessions from different regions, in order to assess the variations in reproductive traits among garlic populations. Our findings indicate that the evolution of garlic crops was associated with mutations in genes related to vernalization and the circadian clock. The decline in sexual reproduction is not solely attributed to a few mutations in specific genes, but is correlated with extensive alterations in the genetic regulation of the annual cycle, stress adaptations, and environmental requirements. The regulation of flowering ability, stress response, and metabolism occurs at both the genetic and transcriptional levels. We conclude that the migration and evolution of garlic crops involve substantial and diverse changes across the entire genome landscape. The construction of a garlic pan-genome, encompassing genetic diversity from various garlic populations, will provide further insights for research into and the improvement of garlic crops.
Appropriate Nitrogen form Ratio and UV-A Supplementation Increased Quality and Production in Purple Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)
Authors: Liu Binbin , Mao Pengpeng , Yang Qi , Qin Hengshan , Xu Yaliang , Zheng Yinjian , Li Qingming
Published: November 2023

Purple lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Zhongshu Purple Lettuce) was chosen as the trial material, and LED intelligent light control consoles were used as the light sources. The purpose was to increase the yield and quality of purple lettuce while lowering its nitrate level. By adding various ratios of NO3−-N and NH4+-N to the nutrient solution and 20 µmol m−2 s−1 UV-A based on white, red, and blue light (130, 120, 30 µmol m−2 s−1), the effects of different NO3−-N/NH4+-N ratios (NO3−-N, NO3−-N/NH4+-N = 3/1, NH4+-N) and UV-A interaction on yield, quality, photosynthetic characteristics, anthocyanins, and nitrogen assimilation of purple lettuce were studied. In order to produce purple lettuce hydroponically under controlled environmental conditions, a theoretical foundation and technological specifications were developed, taking into account an appropriate UV-A dose and NO3−-N/NH4+-N ratio. Results demonstrate that adding a 20 µmol m−2 s−1 UV-A, and a NO3−-N/NH4+-N treatment of 3/1, significantly reduced the nitrate level while increasing the growth, photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll, carotenoid, and anthocyanin content of purple lettuce. The purple leaf lettuce leaves have an enhanced capacity to absorb nitrogen. Furthermore, plants have an acceleration of nitrogen metabolism, which raises the concentration of free amino acids and soluble proteins and promotes biomass synthesis. Thus, based on the NO3−-N/NH4+-N (3/1) treatment, adding 20 µmol m−2 s−1 UV-A will be helpful in boosting purple lettuce production and decreasing its nitrate content.
Mutant-Huntingtin Molecular Pathways Elucidate New Targets for Drug Repurposing
Authors: Makeeva Vladlena S. , Dyrkheeva Nadezhda S. , Lavrik Olga I. , Zakian Suren M. , Malakhova Anastasia A.
Published: November 2023

The spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases known today is quite extensive. The complexities of their research and treatment lie not only in their diversity. Even many years of struggle and narrowly focused research on common pathologies such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and other brain diseases have not brought cures for these illnesses. What can be said about orphan diseases? In particular, Huntington’s disease (HD), despite affecting a smaller part of the human population, still attracts many researchers. This disorder is known to result from a mutation in the HTT gene, but having this information still does not simplify the task of drug development and studying the mechanisms of disease progression. Nonetheless, the data accumulated over the years and their analysis provide a good basis for further research. Here, we review studies devoted to understanding the mechanisms of HD. We analyze genes and molecular pathways involved in HD pathogenesis to describe the action of repurposed drugs and try to find new therapeutic targets.
Identification of a Novel Long Non-Coding RNA G8110 That Modulates Porcine Adipogenic Differentiation and Inflammatory Responses
Authors: Chai Jin , Wang Ning , Chen Li , Bai Jingyi , Zhang Jiaman , Zhang Geng , An Jiahua , Zhang Tingting , Tong Xingyan , Wu Yifan , Li Mingzhou , Jin Long
Published: November 2023

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been extensively studied, and their crucial roles in adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, and gene expression have been revealed. However, the exact regulatory or other mechanisms by which lncRNAs influence the functioning of mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) remain largely unknown. In this paper, we report the identification of a new lncRNA, named G8110, from the MAT of Bama pigs. The coordinated expression levels of lncRNA G8110 and NFE2L1 were significantly decreased in the MAT of obese Bama pigs compared with those in the MAT of lean pigs. Using a bone mesenchymal stem cell adipogenic differentiation model, we found that lncRNA G8110 played a role in adipocyte differentiation by positively regulating NFE2L1. We also found that lncRNA G8110 inhibited the formation of intracellular lipid synthesis, promoted lipid metabolism, and inhibited the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Our findings regarding lipid synthesis may further promote the role of lncRNAs in driving adipose tissue remodeling and maintaining metabolic health.
CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Knock-Out of the MtCLE35 Gene Highlights Its Key Role in the Control of Symbiotic Nodule Numbers under High-Nitrate Conditions
Authors: Lebedeva Maria A. , Dobychkina Daria A. , Lutova Lyudmila A.
Published: November 2023

Legume plants have the ability to establish a symbiotic relationship with soil bacteria known as rhizobia. The legume–rhizobium symbiosis results in the formation of symbiotic root nodules, where rhizobia fix atmospheric nitrogen. A host plant controls the number of symbiotic nodules to meet its nitrogen demands. CLE (CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION) peptides produced in the root in response to rhizobial inoculation and/or nitrate have been shown to control the number of symbiotic nodules. Previously, the MtCLE35 gene was found to be upregulated by rhizobia and nitrate treatment in Medicago truncatula, which systemically inhibited nodulation when overexpressed. In this study, we obtained several knock-out lines in which the MtCLE35 gene was mutated using the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated system. M. truncatula lines with the MtCLE35 gene knocked out produced increased numbers of nodules in the presence of nitrate in comparison to wild-type plants. Moreover, in the presence of nitrate, the expression levels of two other nodulation-related MtCLE genes, MtCLE12 and MtCLE13, were reduced in rhizobia-inoculated roots, whereas no significant difference in MtCLE35 gene expression was observed between nitrate-treated and rhizobia-inoculated control roots. Together, these findings suggest the key role of MtCLE35 in the number of nodule numbers under high-nitrate conditions, under which the expression levels of other nodulation-related MtCLE genes are reduced.