bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modern Approaches to Formation of a Social Media Marketing Strategy
Authors:   European University, Chemorda P. O. , Vasiutkina N. V. ,   European University
Published: April 2021

The article explores modern approaches to formation of a social media marketing strategy, taking into account the dynamics of their development, peculiarities of functioning and possible goals that can be set by economic actors on the face of such a marketing segment. A modern view on the use of social media as a marketing tool is specified, the specific features and existing approaches to the formation of marketing strategies in this sphere are defined. The current state and specificity of social media for business, marketing and consumer behavior are studied and analyzed. A characterization of the existing approaches to the formation of a social media marketing strategy is provided. The main functions of social media marketing content are allocated and generalized, namely: audience search, engagement, coordination and cooperation, which should become the basis for building up an effective strategy. The peculiarities of each function in the context of their application by different enterprises for various purposes are considered; their specifics are defined and summarized. The specifics of social media marketing work in the context of choosing goals and means of interacting with the audience through content are analyzed, on the basis of which two main approaches to the formation of a content strategy for social media marketing, namely consumer and customer approaches, are summed up and classified. Their role, place and importance in forming the strategy of marketing interaction with consumers, partners and other users of social media are substantiated. A characterization of these approaches in the context of their goals, instruments and means is presented. Based on the carried out research, elements of the problem such as social media content marketing functions, their role in shaping social media strategy are generalized and classified; also generalized and allocated are the approaches to the formation of social media marketing. Based on this information, it is possible to take a more objective approach to the formation of the social media marketing strategy necessary for the goals of an enterprise, and on the basis of the drawn conclusions – to carry out further research in this direction.
Main Approaches to Assessing the Economic and Financial security: The Essence and Directions of Improvement
Authors:   Kharkiv National University of Construction Engineering and Architecture, Solodovnik O. O.
Published: April 2021

The present day global financial-economic crisis caused by the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic actualizes the problem of improving the basic approaches to assessing the economic and financial security of systems at all levels of management. The article is aimed at disclosing the essence and analyzing the main approaches to assessing the economic and financial security of the State, region, enterprises in order to substantiate the directions of improving the methodological basis for ensuring the economic and financial security of systems at different levels of management in accordance with the novel wave of challenges and threats. On the basis of research of scientific publications, the main approaches – the indicator and the functional – to the assessment of economic and financial security of systems at all levels of management are allocated and characterized; directions of their improvement are substantiated: expansion of the existing system of indicators by means of inclusion in its composition indicators of early warning of crisis phenomena in other spheres of public life that can undermine economic and financial stability; substantiation of scientific provisions on the use of the multiplier form of the integral indicator. It is proposed to improve the official approach to computing the level of economic security of Ukraine by including the ecological security indicators in the system of economic security indicators. The emphasis is placed on the need for further development of the scenario approach to the assessment of economic and financial security of the State, region, enterprise, which allows to obtain an assessment of the level of security of the research object in the medium and long term, with an average or high degree of uncertainty.
The Impact of Monetary Policy on the Financial Stability of the Banking System: Setting a Modeling Problem
Authors:   Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Pilko A. D. , Kramar V. R. ,   JSC «Kredobank»
Published: April 2021

The publication is concerned with highlighting the results of the carried out analysis of the existing practice of developing macroeconomic models directed towards determining the main parameters of monetary policy of central banks, as well as assessing their impact on the indicators of financial stability of the banking system. Given the low efficiency of the traditional approaches to the formation of the monetary rule both in countries with developed market economies and in countries with small open economies (in particular, Taylor rule), possible ways to solve this problem are proposed taking into account the existing experience in shaping monetary policy parameters in the context of inflation targeting, which is already available at the NBU. The strengths and weaknesses of the main approaches to the modeling of the monetary transmission mechanism, as well as the forecasting of its impact on the financial stability of the banking system, which are used in the formation of basic and auxiliary models of the central bank, are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to structural econometric models, vector autoregression models and dynamic stochastic models of general equilibrium. As a result, a possible variant for developing an approach to macroeconomic modeling is proposed, in the framework of which assessment and analysis of the impact of monetary policy on the indicators of financial stability of the banking system is envisaged. The practical implementation of this approach makes it possible to develop models for assessing and analyzing the efficiency of the current monetary policy, projecting macroeconomic development scenarios in the short and medium term, which will both directly and indirectly determine the indicators of financial stability of the banking system.
Inherent Parallelism and Speedup Estimation of Sequential Programs
Authors: Kalyur Sesha , G.S Nagaraja
Published: April 2021

Although several automated Parallel Conversion solutions are available, very few have attempted, to provide proper estimates of the available Inherent Parallelism and expected Parallel Speedup. CALIPER which is the outcome of this research work is a parallel performance estimation technology that can fill this void. High level language structures such as Functions, Loops, Conditions, etc which ease program development, can be a hindrance for effective performance analysis. We refer to these program structures as the Program Shape. As a preparatory step, CALIPER attempts to remove these shape related hindrances, an activity we refer to as Program Shape Flattening. Programs are also characterized by dependences that exist between different instructions and impose an upper limit on the parallel conversion gains. For parallel estimation, we first group instructions that share dependences, and add them to a class we refer to as Dependence Class or Parallel Class. While instructions belonging to a class run sequentially, the classes themselves run in parallel. Parallel runtime, is now the runtime of the class that runs the longest. We report performance estimates of parallel conversion as two metrics. The inherent parallelism in the program is reported, as Maximum Available Parallelism (MAP) and the speedup after conversion as Speedup After Parallelization (SAP).
Codeword Detection, Focusing on Differences in Similar Words Between Two Corpora of Microblogs
Authors: Hada Takuro , Sei Yuichi , Tahara Yasuyuki , Ohsuga Akihiko
Published: April 2021

Recently, the use of microblogs in drug trafficking has surged and become a social problem. A common method applied by cyber patrols to repress crimes, such as drug trafficking, involves searching for crime-related keywords. However, criminals who post crime-inducing messages maximally exploit “codewords” rather than keywords, such as enjo kosai, marijuana, and methamphetamine, to camouflage their criminal intentions. Research suggests that these codewords change once they gain popularity; thus, effective codeword detection requires significant effort to keep track of the latest codewords. In this study, we focused on the appearance of codewords and those likely to be included in incriminating posts to detect codewords with a high likelihood of inclusion in incriminating posts. We proposed new methods for detecting codewords based on differences in word usage and conducted experiments on concealed-word detection to evaluate the effectiveness of the method. The results showed that the proposed method could detect concealed words other than those in the initial list and to a better degree than the baseline methods. These findings demonstrated the ability of the proposed method to rapidly and automatically detect codewords that change over time and blog posts that instigate crimes, thereby potentially reducing the burden of continuous codeword surveillance.
Empowering Women through Financial Inclusion in Zimbabwe Is the Gender Gap Not Encroaching This Noble Cause?
Authors: Lettiah Gumbo  , Precious Dube  , Muhammad Ridwan
Published: April 2021

One of the most effective catalysts of economic growth of any nation is obviously financial inclusion. However, in developing countries such as Zimbabwe gender gap is still an impediment to the achievement of financial inclusion for all. Research findings for this paper show that, increasing women’s financial opportunities and financial awareness on how to access financial products and services will go a long way in reducing the gender gap. Furthermore, increasing access to and use of quality financial products and services is essential to inclusive economic growth and poverty reduction. Although the government of Zimbabwe is taking steps to increase women financial inclusiveness, research shows that women in Zimbabwe trail behind men in as far as access to financial services is concerned. Zimbabwean communities remain dominantly patriarchal and women are always lagging behind in developmental projects meant for their empowerment. This paper seeks to assess the implementation of women’s financial inclusion highlighting opportunities and barriers such as the gender gap and how this may be overcome. The study is qualitative in nature and therefore makes use of interviews and questionnaires for data collection. It is envisioned by the researchers that the research findings will be beneficial to women; their empowerment and development and national development. It is hoped to change the way in which the banking and financial sectors deal with women’s financial inclusion for the betterment of their livelihoods.  Furthermore, women’s financial empowerment will improve livelihoods of many families given the caring nature of mothers, sisters, aunts and grandmothers.
Dynamics of the Intellectual Tradition of Ulama Dayah Aceh
Authors: Kahar Syadidul
Published: April 2021

This research provides information about the intellectual dynamics of dayah ulama Aceh. The goal is to find a common thread between tradition and modernization in dayah ulama Aceh scholarship. This research is a historical research using a social history approach. Based on the results of data analysis, the research results show that the role of the dayah is a realization of the intellectual manifestation of the dayah ulama Aceh. Dayah is used as a forum to teach various knowledge of Islamic teachings with a curriculum based on classical books or turats by maintaining the faith of experts in the sunnah wal jamaah. Based on the historical dynamic journey, dayah still exists as a fortress and a place for cadre generations to understand the teachings of Islam. So, Acehnese dayah intellectuals emphasize more on understanding classical books with actual contexts. So, the demands of the changing times provide its own dynamics to the intellectuals of the dayah ulama Aceh, but in this case the emphasis is that Islamic teachings through dayah continue to exist.
Analisis Perubahan Besaran Listrik Pada Pemanas Induksi Menggunakan Inverter Setengah Jembatan
Authors: Anggara Sandy , Herawati Afriyastuti , Priyadi Irnanda , Anggraini Ika Novia
Published: April 2021

AbstrakNowadays induction heating has become one of the people's choices in the heating process both in industry and households. Induction heating technology is also growing. But the electrical quantities that change with the temperature changes in the induction heating process must also be analyzed. To make induction heating, we need a device that is capable of producing large electrical energy. This tool uses a 12 Volt DC voltage, strong current 10 ampere and with a 120 watt input power. This induction heater is made using a half bridge inverter which generates heat through waves at high frequencies. The resonant frequency used is 25kHz. From the test obtained an average temperature increase of 134.5 ° C at the 600th second with a paper clip load and with a voltage of 3.33 Volts, a current of 0.15 A, a power of 0.56 watts, and a heat of 19.5J, and a test with a load nails obtained an average temperature of 136 ° C at 360 seconds with a voltage of 4.54 V, a current of 0.27 A, power of 1.12 watts, and a heat of 33.6JKata kunci : Pemanas Induksi, frekuensi, suhu, Solenoide.
Rancang Bangun Prototype Kursi Roda Menggunakan Arduino R3 Berbasis Android
Authors: Kurniawan Adhadi , Handayani Yanolanda Suzantry
Published: April 2021

ABSTRAKKursi roda adalah salah satu perangkat medis yang digunakan untuk membantu orang yang mempunyai masalah dalam berjalan, khususnya bagi orang yang mengalami cidera, cacat kaki, gangguan saraf motorik, dan manula. Kursi roda memiliki peranan yang sangat penting bagi orang-orang yang tidak dapat berjalan. Tanpa adanya kursi roda mereka kesulitan dalam beraktifitas sehari-hari. Komponen yang digunakan dalam pembuatan prototype kursi roda ini adalah Arduino Uno R3, casis atau body prototype, motor DC, driver L298N, satu pasang roda belakang dan satu roda depan, kabel jumper dan module bluetooth. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian eksperimen. Penelitian ini dilakukan dilaboratorium Instrumentasi dan Kendali Fakultas Teknik Universitas Bengkulu. Hasil dari penelitian, beban maksimal yang bisa dibawa prototype kursi roda sebesar 2000 gram, waktu daya tahan baterai 60 menit, jarak maksimal module bluetooth 12 meter, kinerja prototype kursi roda dapat bergerak dengan baik sesuai arah yang diinginkan user dan user dapat mengatur kecepatan yang diinginkan.Kata kunci : Prototype Kursi Roda, Arduino Uno R3, Module Bluetooh
Perancangan Alat Uji Impak Digital dengan Metode Charpy Untuk Mengukur Kekuatan Material Polimer
Authors: Nuhgraha Yudho , Rosa M. Khairul Amri , Agustian Indra
Published: April 2021

AbstrakPada penelitian ini dilakukan pembuatan alat uji impak metode Charpy secara digital dengan menggunakan sensor rotary encoder dan mikrokontroler. Uji impak merupakan salah satu metode yang digunakan untuk mengetahui kekerasan, kekuatan serta keuletan material. Untuk mengetahui keakuratan alat uji impak yang telah dibuat maka dilakukan perbandingan antara alat uji impak otomatis dengan alat uji impak manual. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa alat uji impak digital otomatis yang dirancang memiliki performa yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan pengujian manual.Kata kunci: uji impak digital, metode charpy, material polimer
Perancangan Perancangan Boost Converter Pada Mobil Hybrid (Tenaga Angin dan Surya)
Authors: Surapati Alex , Priyadi Irnanda
Published: April 2021

ABSTRAKPerkembangan dunia otomotif menyebabkan peningkatan kebutuhan bahan bakar dan kenaikkan harga minyak bumi yang terus meningkat, maka semakin banyak pula industri-industri yang terus mengembangkan mobil hybrid. Penggunaan mobil hybrid sangat efektif dan efisien, selain tidak menimbulkan polusi udara kontruksinya juga lebih sederhana dibandingkan mobil konvensional lainnya. Mobil hybrid tidak memiliki mesin yang rumit seperti mobil konvensional. Dalam penelitian ini, mobil hybrid membutuhkan tenaga 48 volt DC sehingga membutuhkan 4 aki yang terhubung seri. Panel surya yang digunakan hanya dapat memberikan tegangan maksimal sebesar 36 volt DC sehingga membutuhkan alat yang mampu mencukupi kebutuhan tegangan tersebut. Penelitian ini akan menghasilkan sebuah DC-DC converter yang disebut boost converter yang berfungsi untuk menyesuaikan tegangan sumber terhadap tegangan yang diperlukan tanpa harus menghilangkan daya yang relatif besar sehingga dapat mengatasi kekurangan tegangan tersebut. Berdasarkan penelitian ini didapat hasil keluaran boost converter sebesar 51 volt untuk pengisian aki dari panel surya dengan efesiensi daya yang dilewatkan oleh boost converter maksimum sebesar 94% dan efesiensi minimum sebesar 77%.Kata kunci: Mobil hybrid, Boost Converter, Panel Surya, Aki
Peningkatan Kapasitas Pembudidaya Ikan Melalui Optimalisasi Fungsi Wahana Pembelajaran Kelompok
Authors: Nurmalia Nayu , Lutfiyanah Ani , Minarni Minarni , Prastiyo Agus , Putra Muhammad Arya Pratama , Darwita Nisfi , Ayu Welas
Published: April 2021

Fungsi wahana pembelajaran kelompok akan berdampak positif terhadap peningkatan kapasitas pembudidaya ikan pada saat terjadi peningkatan aspek pengetahuan dan sikap mengenai fungsi kelompok dan administrasi kelompok. Kondisi terkini adalah penerapan fungsi kelompok yang belum optimal dikarenakan kerja sama antar anggota kelompok belum berjalan baik, serta kurangnya pengetahuan dan sikap mengenai fungsi kelompok dan administrasi kelompok. Hal ini terlihat pada (1) kelompok Mina Mukti dan Cipta Rasa Kecamatan Darmaraja Kabupaten Sumedang Provinsi Jawa Barat; (2) kelompok Mina Harapan, Kedung Bulus dan Rukun Makmur Kecamatan Pangadegan Kabupaten Purbalingga Provinsi Jawa Tengah; dan (3) kelompok Pokdakan Mina Mulya Kecamatan Landasan Ulin Kota Banjarbaru Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan aspek sikap dan pengetahuan mengenai fungsi kelompok dan administrasi kelompok melalui penyuluhan. Kegiatan penyuluhan dilaksanakan selama tiga bulan, mulai tanggal 19 Februari sampai dengan 19 Mei 2018. Metode pengambilan data primer melalui wawancara dengan alat bantu kuesioner. Data sekunder didapatkan dari laporan tahunan dinas, studi literatur dan internet Hasil kegiatan penyuluhan dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis kualitatif, kuantitatif dan deskriptif. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan aspek pengetahuan sebesar 26%-40% dan aspek sikap antara 10%-18%.
Impactos da pandemia da COVID-19 no ensino teórico-prático da graduação em enfermagem
Authors: Alves Suzana Pereira , Mascarenhas José Marcos Fernandes , Andrade Luis Henrique Araújo , Melo Iasmim Escórcio de Brito , Almeida Antonia Mylene Sousa , Gomes Maria Rosemary da Silva , Sousa Juliana da Silva , Celestino Allana Gabrielly da Silva Brasil , Gomes José Gabriel Fontenele , Silva Anne Heracléia de Brito e
Published: April 2021

O presente estudo tem por objetivo reconhecer os impactos da pandemia na formação dos estudantes da graduação em enfermagem, em primeiro momento, a fim de questionar e evidenciar o cenário atual em que os estudantes se encontram; como a impossibilidade do contato físico prejudicou as práticas laboratoriais e de estágio, consequentemente, como isso afetou a formação dos mesmos, enquanto futuros profissionais de enfermagem. Para tanto realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura, cuja relevância consiste na oportunidade para reunir, revisar, atualizar e discutir temas importantes e em voga. Diante do cenário pandêmico e a necessidade de isolamento social em detrimento do COVID-19, foram necessárias alterações concernentes às formas de ensino, tanto na graduação, quanto na pós-graduação. Nesse contexto, verificou-se limitações significativas, tanto no que confere ao processo de ensino-aprendizagem quanto ao cuidado com a doença em si. Ademais, é válido ressaltar que a modalidade exclusivamente à distância - apesar de os recursos em EAD - não torna possível suprir os elementos primordiais no cuidado, como o contato direto, a interação face a face, a presença; ações que desde sempre, compõem a enfermagem. Dessa forma, o artigo contribui para a disseminação de informações acerca do tema em questão, além de contribuir para a melhoria das questões voltadas para a oferta de uma maior qualidade no desenvolvimento profissionalizante de novos profissionais de enfermagem.
Artificial sperm insemination in externally fertilised fish as a novel tool for ex situ and in situ conservation of valuable populations
Authors: Gazsi G , Ivánovics B , Izabella RB , Szabó T , Daniel Z , Kucska B , Urbányi B , Horváth L , Müller F , Müller T
Published: April 2021

Loss of genetic diversity and accumulation of deleterious mutations may lead to inbreeding depression in captive breeding. To address the problem of maintaining genetic diversity, we developed a new fish spawning method which offers flexibility in crossing diverse species when in vitro fertilisation (IVF) is not available. This method involves the collection of sperm from several males of ovuliparous fish; the sperm mix is then injected by catheter into the ovarian cavity of a female through the oviduct. We demonstrate, using zebrafish as a model for externally fertilised fish, that the sperm survives the ovarian conditions and can fertilise ovulated eggs, which are released from the body cavity during natural spawning. Wild type females were injected with reporter transgenic sperm from homozygous transgenic males before intended spawning with wild type males. The sperm injection method did not have an impact on reproductive parameters such as egg production or fertilisation rate compared to controls. In 25 successful spawning experiments, 20 females produced mixed genotype offspring comprising both transgenic and wild type larvae in varying ratios, indicating that the injected transgenic sperm efficiently competed with sperm released by non-transgenic wild type mating males, and both sperm types contributed to the fertilisation of the released eggs. This experiment provides proof of principle for increasing the genetic base of offspring of fish species, including that of many endangered fish species for which IVF is not available due to lack of timed induction of ovulation or when gametic release cannot be synchronised.
FEATURES OF EXCLUSION OF EXCLUSIVE RIGHT TO TRADEMARK AND TRADE SECRETS
Authors:   FSBUN Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, BATTAKHOV PYOTR
Published: April 2021

This article discloses the essence and considers the main conditions included in the agreements on the alienation of the exclusive right to a trademark and secrets of production. A detailed analysis of the current problems related to the procedure for concluding such civil contracts was carried out, and the features of partial alienation of the patent for a group of intellectual property objects were also investigated. A study of the legal framework of this problem revealed inconsistencies in the rules on the transition of exclusive law, which became the basis for the development of specific proposals for their improvement.
Specific Protein 1 and p53 Interplay Modulates the Expression of the KCTD-Containing Cullin3 Adaptor Suppressor of Hedgehog 2
Authors: Angrisani Annapaola , Di Fiore Annamaria , Di Trani Claudia Augusta , Fonte Simone , Petroni Marialaura , Lospinoso Severini Ludovica , Bordin Fabio , Belloni Laura , Ferretti Elisabetta , Canettieri Gianluca , Moretti Marta , De Smaele Enrico
Published: April 2021

The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in normal embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. On the other end, dysregulated Hh signaling triggers a prolonged mitogenic response that may prompt abnormal cell proliferation, favoring tumorigenesis. Indeed, about 30% of medulloblastomas (MBs), the most common malignant childhood cerebellar tumors, exhibit improper activation of the Hh signaling. The oncosuppressor KCASH2 has been described as a suppressor of the Hh signaling pathway, and low KCASH2 expression was observed in Hh-dependent MB tumor. Therefore, the study of the modulation of KCASH2 expression may provide fundamental information for the development of new therapeutic approaches, aimed to restore physiological KCASH2 levels and Hh inhibition. To this end, we have analyzed the TATA-less KCASH2 proximal promoter and identified key transcriptional regulators of this gene: Sp1, a TF frequently overexpressed in tumors, and the tumor suppressor p53. Here, we show that in WT cells, Sp1 binds KCASH2 promoter on several putative binding sites, leading to increase in KCASH2 expression. On the other hand, p53 is involved in negative regulation of KCASH2. In this context, the balance between p53 and Sp1 expression, and the interplay between these two proteins determine whether Sp1 acts as an activator or a repressor of KCASH2 transcription. Indeed, in p53–/– MEF and p53 mutated tumor cells, we hypothesize that Sp1 drives promoter methylation through increased expression of the DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and reduces KCASH2 transcription, which can be reversed by Sp1 inhibition or use of demethylating agents. We suggest therefore that downregulation of KCASH2 expression in tumors could be mediated by gain of Sp1 activity and epigenetic silencing events in cells where p53 functionality is lost. This work may open new venues for novel therapeutic multidrug approaches in the treatment of Hh-dependent tumors carrying p53 deficiency.
Maintenance of HDACs and H3K9me3 Prevents Arterial Flow-Induced Venous Endothelial Damage
Authors: Wang Ting-Yun , Chang Ming-Min , Li Yi-Shuan Julie , Huang Tzu-Chieh , Chien Shu , Wu Chia-Ching
Published: April 2021

The transition of flow microenvironments from veins to arteries in vein graft surgery induces “peel-off” of venous endothelial cells (vECs) and results in restenosis. Recently, arterial laminar shear stress (ALS) and oscillatory shear stress (OS) have been shown to affect the cell cycle and inflammation through epigenetic controls such as histone deacetylation by histone deacetylases (HDACs) and trimethylation on lysine 9 of histone 3 (H3K9me3) in arterial ECs. However, the roles of H3K9me3 and HDAC in vEC damage under ALS are not known. We hypothesized that the different responses of HDACs and H3K9me3 might cause vEC damage under the transition of venous flow to arterial flow. We found that arterial ECs showed high expression of H3K9me3 protein and were retained in the G0 phase of the cell cycle after being subjected to ALS. vECs became round under ALS with a decrease in the expression of H3K9me3, HDAC3, and HDAC5, and an increase in the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1). Inhibition of HDACs activity by a specific inhibitor, phenylbutyrate, in arterial ECs caused similar ALS-induced inflammation and cell loss as observed in vECs. Activation of HDACs and H3K9me3 by ITSA-1, an HDAC activator, could prevent ALS-induced peel-off and reduced VCAM-1 expression in vECs. Moreover, shear stress modulates EC morphology by the regulation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) expression. ITSA-1 or EGF could increase phosphorylated (p)-FAK expression in vECs under ALS. We found that perturbation of the activity of p-FAK and increase in p-FAK expression restored ALS-induced H3K9me3 expression in vECs. Hence, the abnormal mechanoresponses of H3K9me3 and HDAC in vECs after being subjected to ALS could be reversed by ITSA-1 or EGF treatment: this offers a strategy to prevent vein graft failure.
Histone Lysine Methyltransferase SETD2 Regulates Coronary Vascular Development in Embryonic Mouse Hearts
Authors: Chen Fengling , Chen Jiewen , Wang Hong , Tang Huayuan , Huang Lei , Wang Shijia , Wang Xinru , Fang Xi , Liu Jie , Li Li , Ouyang Kunfu , Han Zhen
Published: April 2021

Congenital heart defects are the most common birth defect and have a clear genetic component, yet genomic structural variations or gene mutations account for only a third of the cases. Epigenomic dynamics during human heart organogenesis thus may play a critical role in regulating heart development. However, it is unclear how histone mark H3K36me3 acts on heart development. Here we report that histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SETD2, an H3K36me3 methyltransferase, is a crucial regulator of the mouse heart epigenome.Setd2is highly expressed in embryonic stages and accounts for a predominate role of H3K36me3 in the heart. Loss ofSetd2in cardiac progenitors results in obvious coronary vascular defects and ventricular non-compaction, leading to fetus lethality in mid-gestation, without affecting peripheral blood vessel, yolk sac, and placenta formation. Furthermore, deletion ofSetd2dramatically decreased H3K36me3 level and impacted the transcriptional landscape of key cardiac-related genes, includingRspo3andFlrt2. Taken together, our results strongly suggest that SETD2 plays a primary role in H3K36me3 and is critical for coronary vascular formation and heart development in mice.
Between Fate Choice and Self-Renewal—Heterogeneity of Adult Neural Crest-Derived Stem Cells
Authors: Höving Anna L. , Windmöller Beatrice A. , Knabbe Cornelius , Kaltschmidt Barbara , Kaltschmidt Christian , Greiner Johannes F. W.
Published: April 2021

Stem cells of the neural crest (NC) vitally participate to embryonic development, but also remain in distinct niches as quiescent neural crest-derived stem cell (NCSC) pools into adulthood. Although NCSC-populations share a high capacity for self-renewal and differentiation resulting in promising preclinical applications within the last two decades, inter- and intrapopulational differences exist in terms of their expression signatures and regenerative capability. Differentiation and self-renewal of stem cells in developmental and regenerative contexts are partially regulated by the niche or culture condition and further influenced by single cell decision processes, making cell-to-cell variation and heterogeneity critical for understanding adult stem cell populations. The present review summarizes current knowledge of the cellular heterogeneity within NCSC-populations located in distinct craniofacial and trunk niches including the nasal cavity, olfactory bulb, oral tissues or skin. We shed light on the impact of intrapopulational heterogeneity on fate specifications and plasticity of NCSCs in their nichesin vivoas well as duringin vitroculture. We further discuss underlying molecular regulators determining fate specifications of NCSCs, suggesting a regulatory network including NF-κB and NC-related transcription factors like SLUG and SOX9 accompanied by Wnt- and MAPK-signaling to orchestrate NCSC stemness and differentiation. In summary, adult NCSCs show a broad heterogeneity on the level of the donor and the donors’ sex, the cell population and the single stem cell directly impacting their differentiation capability and fate choicesin vivoandin vitro. The findings discussed here emphasize heterogeneity of NCSCs as a crucial parameter for understanding their role in tissue homeostasis and regeneration and for improving their applicability in regenerative medicine.
The Seismicity of Ischia Island, Italy: An Integrated Earthquake Catalogue From 8th Century BC to 2019 and Its Statistical Properties
Authors: Selva Jacopo , Azzaro Raffaele , Taroni Matteo , Tramelli Anna , Alessio Giuliana , Castellano Mario , Ciuccarelli Cecilia , Cubellis Elena , Lo Bascio Domenico , Porfido Sabina , Ricciolino Patrizia , Rovida Andrea
Published: April 2021

Ischia is a densely inhabited and touristic volcanic island located in the northern sector of the Gulf of Naples (Italy). In 2017, theMw3.9 Casamicciola earthquake occurred after more than one century of seismic quiescence characterized only by minor seismicity, which followed a century with three destructive earthquakes (in 1828, 1881, and 1883). These events, despite their moderate magnitude (Mw< 5.5), lead to dreadful effects on buildings and population. However, an integrated catalogue systematically covering historical and instrumental seismicity of Ischia has been still lacking since many years. Here, we review and systematically re-analyse all the available data on the historical and instrumental seismicity, to build an integrated earthquake catalogue for Ischia with a robust characterization of existing uncertainties. Supported by new or updated macroseismic datasets, we significantly enriched existing catalogues, as the Italian Parametric Earthquake Catalogue (CPTI15) that, with this analysis, passed from 12 to 57 earthquakes with macroseismic parametrization. We also extended back by 6 years the coverage of the instrumental catalogue, homogenizing the estimated seismic parameters. The obtained catalogue will not only represent a solid base for future local hazard quantifications, but also it provides the unique opportunity of characterizing the evolution of the Ischia seismicity over centuries. To this end, we analyse the spatial, temporal, and magnitude distributions of Ischia seismicity, revealing for example that, also in the present long-lasting period of volcanic quiescence, is significantly non-stationary and characterized by a b-value larger than 1.
Nature of Relationships Between Atmospheric Electricity Parameters at Ground Surface and Air Ionization on the Basis of Nuclear Accidents in Power Plants and Weapons Tests
Authors: Kubicki Marek , Mysłek-Laurikainen Bogna , Odzimek Anna
Published: April 2021

In this work we present an analysis of selected atmospheric electricity parameters, measured at the Geophysical Observatory in Świder (near Warsaw, Poland), in a review of the major events that resulted in the release of a significant amount of artificial radioactive substances in the Earth’s atmosphere: the radioactive accident in Fukushima, Japan, beginning 12 March 2011, followed by the 9.0 earthquake and tsunami; Chernobyl disaster (27 April 1986); and nuclear weapons testing (1958–1965). The physical mechanisms of the impact of radioactive sources on the electrical parameters of the atmosphere are analyzed. The formation of free charge (small ions, represented by electric air conductivity) and bound-induced charges (measured vertical electric field and current) by radioactive aerosol and cloud nuclei were taken into account. The values of electric field Ez, atmospheric air conductivity λ, and aerosol concentrations measured at a certain site depend on the time and space location of the released radioactive materials in relation to the measurement site and the meteorological situation. A frontal inflow of air masses containing radioactive substances may be noticeable at a large distance from the atmospheric electricity measuring site in fair weather conditions (Chernobyl disaster). Atmospheric precipitation plays a very important role in the transport of radioactive substances to the ground level (nuclear weapons testing). The relationship between the ionospheric potential Vi and the electric field near ground level Ez resulting from the Global Electric Circuit (GEC) concept for the presence of a strongly ionized air layer in the lower stratosphere and the ground level was disturbed in nuclear weapons testing time. The aim of this work is a qualitative characterization of discussed events. Future modeling works are needed to investigate the dependence of quantitative GEC parameters in situations of global or regional high air ionization. For this purpose, available measurements of recorded atmospheric electricity parameters will be used.
Fluidized Beds for Concentrated Solar Thermal Technologies—A Review
Authors: Tregambi Claudio , Troiano Maurizio , Montagnaro Fabio , Solimene Roberto , Salatino Piero
Published: April 2021

Thermal and thermochemical processes can be efficiently developed and carried out in fluidized beds, due to the unique properties of fluidized suspensions of solid particles and to the inherent flexibility of fluidized bed design and operation. Coupling fluidization with concentrated solar power is a stimulating cross-disciplinary field of investigation, with the related issues and opportunities to explore. In this review article the current and perspective applications of fluidized beds to collection, storage and exploitation of solar radiation are surveyed. Novel and “creative” designs of fluidized bed solar receivers/reactors are reported and critically discussed. The vast field of applications of solar-driven fluidized bed processes, from energy conversion with thermal energy storage, to solids looping for thermochemical energy storage, production of fuels, chemicals and materials, is explored with an eye at past and current developments and an outlook of future perspectives.
Multienergy Load Forecasting for Regional Integrated Energy Systems Considering Multienergy Coupling of Variation Characteristic Curves
Authors: Wang Shouxiang , Wu Kaixin , Zhao Qianyu , Wang Shaomin , Feng Liang , Zheng Zhijie , Wang Guo
Published: April 2021

Multienergy load forecasting (MELF) is the premise of regional integrated energy systems (RIES) production planning and energy dispatch. The key of MELF is the consideration of multienergy coupling and the improvement of prediction accuracy. Therefore, a MELF method considering the multienergy coupling of variation characteristic curves (MELF_MECVCC) for RIES is proposed. The novelty of MELF_MECVCC lies in the following three aspects. 1) For the trend stripping and volatility extraction of multienergy load time series, the extreme-point symmetric mode decomposition-sample entropy (ESMD-SE) method is introduced to decompose and reconstruct the variation characteristic curves of multienergy, including trend curve and fluctuation curve. 2) The multienergy coupling of the variation characteristic curves is considered to reflect the variation characteristics of the multienergy loads. 3) Different methods are applied according to different variation characteristics; i.e., the combined method based on multitask learning and long short-term memory network (MTL-LSTM) is applied to predict the trend curve with strong correlation and the least square support vector regression (LSSVR) method is applied to predict the fluctuation curve with strong volatility and high complexity. Based on the actual data set of the University of Texas in Austin, the MELF_MECVCC model is simulated and verified, which shows that the model reduces the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and the root mean square error (RMSE) and fits better with the original load and has higher prediction accuracy, compared with current advanced algorithms.
Genetic Etiologies in Developmental and/or Epileptic Encephalopathy With Electrical Status Epilepticus During Sleep: Cohort Study
Authors: Gong Pan , Xue Jiao , Jiao Xianru , Zhang Yuehua , Yang Zhixian
Published: April 2021

Background

Recently, the electroencephalogram pattern of electrical status epilepticus during sleep (ESES) had been reported in some genetic disorders, and most of them were noted with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) or epileptic encephalopathy (EE). This study aimed to determine the genetic etiologies and clinical characteristics of ESES in DEE/EE.

Methods

We performed a cohort study in cases of DEE or EE with ESES. Tio-based genetic testing was performed in 74 cases and was analyzed to identify underlying variants.

Results

Pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were identified in 17/74 cases, including KCNQ2 (n = 6), KCNA2 (n = 5), GRIN2A (n = 3), SLC9A6 (n = 1), HIVEP2 (n = 1), and RARS2 (n = 1). Eleven were boys. The median age at seizure onset was 6 months. ESES occurred at the mean age of 2.0 ± 1.2 years, predominant in the Rolandic region in 14 years. Twelve of 17 cases had the first stage of different epilepsy preceding ESES: 2/12 were diagnosed as Ohtahara syndrome, 2/12 were diagnosed as infantile spasms, 3/12 were diagnosed as DEE, and 5/12 were diagnosed as EE without the epileptic syndrome.

Conclusion

Monogenic variants explained over 20% of DEE/EE with ESES. ESES could be an age-related feature in genetic disorders and occurred after the first stage of different epilepsy. Both age-related factors and genetic etiology were suggested to play a role in the occurrence of ESES in genetic DEE/EE.
Comprehensive RNA-Seq Profiling Reveals Temporal and Tissue-Specific Changes in Gene Expression in Sprague–Dawley Rats as Response to Heat Stress Challenges
Authors: Dou Jinhuan , Cánovas Angela , Brito Luiz F. , Yu Ying , Schenkel Flavio S. , Wang Yachun
Published: April 2021

Understanding heat stress physiology and identifying reliable biomarkers are paramount for developing effective management and mitigation strategies. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying thermal tolerance in animals. In an experimental model of Sprague–Dawley rats subjected to temperatures of 22 ± 1°C (control group; CT) and 42°C for 30 min (H30), 60 min (H60), and 120 min (H120), RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) assays were performed for blood (CT and H120), liver (CT, H30, H60, and H120), and adrenal glands (CT, H30, H60, and H120). A total of 53, 1,310, and 1,501 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly identified in the blood (P< 0.05 and |fold change (FC)| >2), liver (P< 0.01, false discovery rate (FDR)–adjustedP= 0.05 and |FC| >2) and adrenal glands (P< 0.01, FDR-adjustedP= 0.05 and |FC| >2), respectively. Of these, four DEGs, namelyJunb, P4ha1, Chordc1, andRT1-Bb, were shared among the three tissues in CT vs. H120 comparison. Functional enrichment analyses of the DEGs identified in the blood (CT vs. H120) revealed 12 biological processes (BPs) and 25 metabolic pathways significantly enriched (FDR = 0.05). In the liver, 133 BPs and three metabolic pathways were significantly detected by comparing CT vs. H30, H60, and H120. Furthermore, 237 BPs were significantly (FDR = 0.05) enriched in the adrenal glands, and no shared metabolic pathways were detected among the different heat-stressed groups of rats. Five and four expression patterns (P< 0.05) were uncovered by 73 and 91 shared DEGs in the liver and adrenal glands, respectively, over the different comparisons. Among these, 69 and 73 genes, respectively, were proposed as candidates for regulating heat stress response in rats. Finally, together with genome-wide association study (GWAS) results in cattle and phenome-wide association studies (PheWAS) analysis in humans, five genes (Slco1b2, Clu, Arntl, Fads1, andNpas2) were considered as being associated with heat stress response across mammal species. The datasets and findings of this study will contribute to a better understanding of heat stress response in mammals and to the development of effective approaches to mitigate heat stress response in livestock through breeding.
MGRL: Predicting Drug-Disease Associations Based on Multi-Graph Representation Learning
Authors: Zhao Bo-Wei , You Zhu-Hong , Wong Leon , Zhang Ping , Li Hao-Yuan , Wang Lei
Published: April 2021

Drug repositioning is an application-based solution based on mining existing drugs to find new targets, quickly discovering new drug-disease associations, and reducing the risk of drug discovery in traditional medicine and biology. Therefore, it is of great significance to design a computational model with high efficiency and accuracy. In this paper, we propose a novel computational method MGRL to predict drug-disease associations based on multi-graph representation learning. More specifically, MGRL first uses the graph convolution network to learn the graph representation of drugs and diseases from their self-attributes. Then, the graph embedding algorithm is used to represent the relationships between drugs and diseases. Finally, the two kinds of graph representation learning features were put into the random forest classifier for training. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to construct a multi-graph to extract the characteristics of drugs and diseases to predict drug-disease associations. The experiments show that the MGRL can achieve a higher AUC of 0.8506 based on five-fold cross-validation, which is significantly better than other existing methods. Case study results show the reliability of the proposed method, which is of great significance for practical applications.
Prognostic Power of a Chaperonin Containing TCP-1 Subunit Genes Panel for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Li Wenli , Liu Jun , Zhao Hetong
Published: April 2021

Chaperonin containing TCP-1 (T-complex protein 1) (CCT) is a large molecular weight complex that contains nine subunits (TCP1, CCT2, CCT3, CCT4, CCT5, CCT6A, CCT6B, CCT7, CCT8). This study aimed to reveal key genes which encode CCT subunits for prognosis and establish prognostic gene signatures based on CCT subunit genes. The data was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas, International Cancer Genome Consortium and Gene Expression Omnibus. CCT subunit gene expression levels between tumor and normal tissues were compared. Corresponding Kaplan-Meier analysis displayed a distinct separation in the overall survival of CCT subunit genes. Correlation analysis, protein-protein interaction network, Gene Ontology analysis, immune cells infiltration analysis, and transcription factor network were performed. A nomogram was constructed for the prediction of prognosis. Based on multivariate Cox regression analysis and shrinkage and selection method for linear regression model, a three-gene signature comprising CCT4, CCT6A, and CCT6B was constructed in the training set and significantly associated with prognosis as an independent prognostic factor. The prognostic value of the signature was then validated in the validation and testing set. Nomogram including the signature showed some clinical benefit for overall survival prediction. In all, we built a novel three-gene signature and nomogram from CCT subunit genes to predict the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, which may support the medical decision for HCC therapy.
Biofilm-Innate Immune Interface: Contribution to Chronic Wound Formation
Authors: Versey Zoya , da Cruz Nizer Waleska Stephanie , Russell Emily , Zigic Sandra , DeZeeuw Katrina G. , Marek Jonah E. , Overhage Joerg , Cassol Edana
Published: April 2021

Delayed wound healing can cause significant issues for immobile and ageing individuals as well as those living with co-morbid conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. These delays increase a patient’s risk for infection and, in severe cases, can result in the formation of chronic, non-healing ulcers (e.g., diabetic foot ulcers, surgical site infections, pressure ulcers and venous leg ulcers). Chronic wounds are very difficult and expensive to treat and there is an urgent need to develop more effective therapeutics that restore healing processes. Sustained innate immune activation and inflammation are common features observed across most chronic wound types. However, the factors driving this activation remain incompletely understood. Emerging evidence suggests that the composition and structure of the wound microbiome may play a central role in driving this dysregulated activation but the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these processes require further investigation. In this review, we will discuss the current literature on: 1) how bacterial populations and biofilms contribute to chronic wound formation, 2) the role of bacteria and biofilms in driving dysfunctional innate immune responses in chronic wounds, and 3) therapeutics currently available (or underdevelopment) that target bacteria-innate immune interactions to improve healing. We will also discuss potential issues in studying the complexity of immune-biofilm interactions in chronic wounds and explore future areas of investigation for the field.