bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measurement and validation of polysilicon photovoltaic module degradation rates over five years of field exposure in Oman
Authors: Shaik Honnurvali Mohamed ,   Department of Electronics and Communication, A'sharqiyah University, P.O. Box 42, Postal Code 400, Ibra, Sultanate of Oman, Kabbani Adnan , Sheikh Abdul Manan , Goh Keng , Gupta Naren , Umar Tariq ,   School of Engineering and Built Environment, Edinburgh Napier University, Scotland, UK,   Department of Architecture and the Built Environment, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
Published: November 2021

Degradation of PV modules have a severe impact on its power-producing capabilities thus affecting the reliability, performance over the long run. To understand the PV degradation happening under the influence of local environmental conditions a survey was conducted on six polycrystalline silicon-based PV modules over five years. It has been observed that the average degradation rates stood at 1.02%/year at irradiances 800 W/m2 and 0.99%/year at irradiances 600 W/m2, which are almost double the manufacturer proposed values. Upon further investigations, it has been found that discoloration of encapsulant in modules 3, 5, and 6 have been the main factor causing the reduction of the short circuit current (Isc) thus affecting the overall power production capacity of the installed PV system. Considering the amount of time, resources and manpower invested to perform this survey an alternate way of estimating the PV degradation rates is also investigated. The exponential decay factor-based model is adopted to correlate the encapsulant discoloration seen on-site in the form of a mathematical equation to predict the current loss. This loss is defined as the visual loss factor in this paper. Further, the output I-V curves are simulated using MATLAB Simulink-based mathematical model which also integrates visual loss factor (VLF) losses into it. Such simulated I-V curves have shown a good match with the measured I-V curves at the same irradiance with an error less than 3%. Authors anticipate that this modelling approach can open the door for further research in developing algorithms that can simulate the PV degradation rates.
The Impact of Urbanization on Energy Intensity — An Empirical Study on OECD Countries
Authors: Zhu Jinhui ,   School of Economics and Statistics, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China, Huang Zhehao , Li Zhenghui , Albitar Khaldoon ,   Guangzhou Institute of International Finance, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China,   Faculty of Business and Law, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
Published: November 2021

With the significant increase in population and economic level, the link between urbanization and energy intensity in a nation has grown into a popular academic focus. In light of this, we explore the impact of urbanization on energy intensity by utilizing the differential GMM method. We take OECD countries as research samples and collect the panel data of 38 countries from 1990 to 2015. In addition, we discuss the moderating role played by innovation in the process of urbanization affecting energy intensity. The results are summarized as follows: first, in the current OECD countries, the effect of urbanization on energy intensity presents a significant inverted U shape, passing the robust test; second, heterogeneous impacts of urbanization on energy intensity are reflected by both the national developmental level and energy intensity; third, a higher innovation level causes a stronger inhibition effect of urbanization on energy intensity.
Periodic problem for non-instantaneous impulsive partial differential equations
Authors: Zhang Huanhuan ,   College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China, Mu Jia
Published: November 2021

We obtain a new maximum principle of the periodic solutions when the corresponding impulsive equation is linear. If the nonlinear is quasi-monotonicity, we study the existence of the minimal and maximal periodic mild solutions for impulsive partial differential equations by using the perturbation method, the monotone iterative technique and the method of upper and lower solution. We give an example in last part to illustrate the main theorem.
Photovoltaic models parameter estimation via an enhanced Rao-1 algorithm
Authors: Ku Junhua ,   School of Science, Qiongtai Normal University, Haikou, 571127, China, Li Shuijia , Gong Wenyin ,   School of Computer Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
Published: November 2021

The accuracy of unknown parameters determines the accuracy of photovoltaic (PV) models that occupy an important position in the PV power generation system. Due to the complexity of the equation equivalent of PV models, estimating the parameters of the PV model is still an arduous task. In order to accurately and reliably estimate the unknown parameters in PV models, in this paper, an enhanced Rao-1 algorithm is proposed. The main point of enhancement lies in i) a repaired evolution operator is presented; ii) to prevent the Rao-1 algorithm from falling into a local optimum, a new evolution operator is developed; iii) in order to enable population size to change adaptively with the evolutionary process, the population size linear reduction strategy is employed. To verify the validity of ERao-1 algorithm, we embark a study on parameter estimation of three different PV models. Experimental results show that the proposed ERao-1 algorithm performs better than existing parameter estimation algorithms in terms of the accuracy and reliability, especially for the double diode model with RMSE 9.8248E-04, three diode model with RMSE 9.8257E-04 for the R.T.C France silicon cell, and 2.4251E-03 for the three diode model of Photowatt- PWP201 cell. In addition, the fitting curve of the simulated data and the measured data also shows the accuracy of the estimated parameters.
Stability and bifurcation analysis of a tumor-immune system with two delays and diffusion
Authors: Ding Yuting ,   College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China, Liu Gaoyang , An Yong
Published: November 2021

A tumor-immune system with diffusion and delays is proposed in this paper. First, we investigate the impact of delay on the stability of nonnegative equilibrium for the model with a single delay, and the system undergoes Hopf bifurcation when delay passes through some critical values. We obtain the normal form of Hopf bifurcation by applying the multiple time scales method for determining the stability and direction of bifurcating periodic solutions. Then, we study the tumor-immune model with two delays, and show the conditions under which the nontrivial equilibria are locally asymptotically stable. Thus, we can restrain the diffusion of tumor cells by controlling the time delay associated with the time of tumor cell proliferation and the time of immune cells recognizing tumor cells. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to illustrate our analytic results.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Clinical Perineural Invasion: Challenges and Review in Single Case Study
Authors: Chalfant Victor R , Semerad David , Gossen John , Gurney Antonia , Nguyen Cam
Published: November 2021

Perineural invasion is a rare prognostic finding of squamous cell carcinomas that is associated with a poor prognosis. Early recognition of perineural invasion is imperative to improving treatment and lowering recurrence. Here we report the case of a 77-year-old Caucasian male with a suspicious mass on his forehead. Diagnosis confirms a squamous cell carcinoma with T1-weighted MRI findings significant for perineural invasion of the right supratrochlear nerve based on nerve thickening with loss of fat. Due to his immunocompromised status and the presence of positive margins after wide local excision, the patient is treated with adjuvant external beam radiotherapy of the nerve course. Risks of radiation-induced optic neuropathy should be weighed against recurrence in tumors that invade the trigeminal nerve.
Study of the alkali-silica reaction rate of Spanish aggregates. Proposal of a classification based in accelerated mortar bars tests and petrographic parameters
Authors: Menéndez E. , García-Roves R. , Aldea B. , Puerto E. , Recino H.
Published: December 2021

The alkali-silica reaction has been studied in depth due to the evolution in the knowledge of the expansive phenomenon. One of its most important aspects is the reaction rate of the aggregates. In Spain, at the early 90s of the 20th century, aggregates were considered almost non-reactive. However, the use of accelerated curing and other environmental factors revealed that there were potentially reactive siliceous aggregates. Nevertheless, there are several siliceous and limestone aggregates with siliceous inclusions that show reactivity over long period. In the present work, open porosity, expansion and petrography with quartz reactivity index have been determined, in 68 siliceous, limestone and dolomitic aggregates, from quarries located in areas with diagnostic reactivity. Based on these parameters and their interrelation, a classification method is proposed to detect slow-reacting aggregates.
Font del Ros y el Neolítico Antiguo en el nordeste de la península ibérica
Authors: Laborda Rafael , Martínez-Moreno Jorge , Plasencia Figueroa Javier , González Marcén Paloma , Mora Rafael
Published: December 2021

El estudio de los estilos decorativos cerámicos permite evaluar la aparición, dispersión y consolidación del Neolítico en la península ibérica. Font del Ros (Berga, Barcelona) es un enclave localizado al pie del Prepirineo oriental. Las informaciones preliminares allí obtenidas indican la presencia de una estructura de hábitat parcialmente preservada asociada con cerámicas con decoración cardial y 25 fosas, conteniendo otras que también remiten a la esfera del Neolítico Antiguo. Cinco fechas C14 AMS avalaban esta atribución. Estas inferencias relevantes que incentivaban el debate sobre la irrupción del Neolítico en el nordeste peninsular han tenido escasa repercusión. La conservación del conjunto cerámico no es óptima pero los estilos cardial e impreso-inciso son recurrentes en los restos decorados. Estos indicadores trazan conexiones con los desarrollos que se detectan en el litoral mediterráneo y el Prepirineo central (Lleida y Huesca), de los que Font del Ros dista más de 100 km. Esta circunstancia permite examinar posibles interacciones con estas áreas geoculturales, y otras adyacentes transpirenaicas. Nuevas fechas sobre muestras de vida corta posicionan el conjunto entre 5420-5070 cal BC. Estos indicadores estilísticos y cronométricos inciden en el debate sobre el proceso relacionado con la aparición y consolidación del Neolítico Antiguo en el nordeste de la península ibérica.
La cronología radiocarbónica de las sepulturas tipo tholos en la península ibérica: explorando diversas trayectorias sociales
Authors: Aranda Jiménez Gonzalo , Milesi García Lara , Díaz-Zorita Bonilla Marta , Sánchez Romero Margarita
Published: December 2021

Gracias al reciente desarrollo de la cronología radiocarbónica, por primera vez existe una serie de dataciones robusta y fiable para analizar uno de los tipos de monumentos megalíticos más característicos de la península ibérica, las sepulturas tipo tholos. Una nueva serie de 193 fechas pertenecientes a 42 sepulturas distribuidas por el sur de España y el centro y sur de Portugal ha sido analizada utilizando modelos estadísticos y herramientas de análisis espacial. Los resultados permiten establecer cuatro conclusiones principales: i) las tumbas tipo tholos aparecieron por primera vez en el sureste de Iberia alrededor del siglo XXXII cal BC como un desarrollo independiente; ii) a partir de esa región se fueron extendiendo progresivamente hasta alcanzar su máxima expansión en el siglo XXIX cal BC; iii) los tholoi también difieren regionalmente en sus períodos de uso: largos periodos de actividad mortuoria en el sureste versus cortos períodos en el suroeste; y iv) a partir del 2200 cal BC, la actividad funeraria quedó restringida a prácticas ocasionales de reutilización, excepto en el sureste donde se documentan dos periodos de intensa actividad mortuoria en los siglos XIX y XIV cal BC respectivamente. Esta variabilidad regional enfatizaría diferentes trayectorias sociales para los dos focos principales de tumbas tipo tholos, las regiones del sureste y suroeste de la península ibérica.
Símbolos de estatus o una visión de los primeros momentos del Bronce Medio del suroeste: las estructuras funerarias de Horta do Pinheiro 5 (Torrão do Alentejo, sur de Portugal)
Authors: Monge Soares António M. , Melo Linda , Valério Pedro , Silva Ana Maria , Pais Martins Pedro , Monge Soares Rui M. G. , Cerqueira Alves Luis , Araújo Maria Fátima , Baptista Lídia , Casimiro Maria Helena , Mota Ferreira Luis , Silva Rui J. C.
Published: December 2021

El reciente descubrimiento y excavación arqueológica de dos estructuras funerarias ubicadas en Horta do Pinheiro 5 (sur de Portugal) arrojan una nueva luz sobre los primeros momentos del Bronce Medio del suroeste. Estas estructuras, una fosa y un hipogeo, ambas asociadas con otra fosa, han permitido profundizar en el conocimiento de los rituales funerarios practicados en esa época. Las ofrendas funerarias recogidas en ambas estructuras destacan por su carácter opulento y lujoso. Los análisis arqueométricos también han contribuido a identificar las materias primas con las que se fabricaron los ajuares. Dos pulseras, una en cada estructura, son de marfil, una de elefante asiático y la otra de elefante africano, mientras que la daga recuperada en el hipogeo es de cobre y arsénico con remaches de plata, mango recubierto de plata y pomo recubierto de plata y oro. Las manchas rojizas identificadas en la cámara del hipogeo, adheridas tanto al ajuar funerario como a los huesos son de cinabrio. Se analiza y discute la integración e interpretación de estos elementos de prestigio importados, su datación por radiocarbono y la búsqueda de sus paralelos.
Un lugar entre las dunas. Aprovechamiento oportunista de un espacio costero durante la etapa preeuropea de la isla de Gran Canaria (circa siglos VIII-XI AD)
Authors: Rodríguez Rodríguez Amelia , Santana Cabrera Jonathan , Castellano Alonso Pablo , Del Pino Curbelo Miguel , Francisco Ortega Isabel , Gómez de la Rúa Diana , González Ruiz María del Carmen , Henríquez Valido Pedro , Machado Yanes María del Carmen , Marlasca Ricard , Mesa Hernández Eduardo , Morales Mateos Jacob , Moreno García Marta , Rando Reyes Juan Carlos , Hernández Calvento Luis
Published: December 2021

Este trabajo presenta los resultados del estudio pluridisciplinar de un asentamiento temporal preeuropeo situado en la Reserva Natural Especial de las Dunas de Maspalomas (Gran Canaria). Carece de estructuras estables de habitación, pero conserva de manera excepcional una estructura de combustión sobre la arena dunar. El sitio se ocupó en el cambio del I al II milenio AD, una etapa para la que se cuenta con escasos paralelos en la isla. Allí se desarrollaron actividades ligadas a la explotación estacional de pastos y recursos marinos, reflejando un comportamiento oportunista y austero, a juzgar por la sencillez del ajuar documentado.
Defining Microgames in Education Context
Authors: Rahmadi Imam Fitri , Lavicza Zsolt , Houghton Tony
Published: November 2021

The concept of microgaming in education is relatively new and it has evident potential for supporting learning in various learning environments. However, there is little consensus in the education literature on how micro-games are defined. The present article proposes a conceptual definition of mi-crogames by considering related terms and learning approaches in education. Microgames in education context are defined as very small and short games that provide brief engagement and meaningful experience for players, support learning and instruction toward specific objectives, and integrate with existing resources. This article further elaborates the key definition elements to indicate microgame characteristics and provides some examples to demonstrate the kinds of games that fit this definition. The proposed definition acts as a fundamental starting point to study microgames for educational purposes in the future.
Adoption of IoT Technology among Elderly NCD Patients in Malaysia: A Conceptual Study Based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour
Authors: Malarvizhi Chinnasamy Nambi Agamudai , Manzoor Shamima Raihan , Jayashree Sreenivasan
Published: November 2021

Non-Communicable diseases (NCDs) are rising as the prime cause of death worldwide as well as in Malaysia. This is the result of evolutions occurring in social and economic factors in health. Some of these factors include a proliferation of business and promotion, improved style of living, change in socio-demographics, enhanced financial affordability, effortless travel and mobility, financial evolution, and import-export of unhealthy goods, causing high-risk behavioural deviations and spike metabolic hazards. Elderly people have a high chance of having NCDs because of poor sickness opposition, the impact of progressing lifestyle, terrible eating routine, and reduced amount of physical activities. At the end of the year 2020, individuals matured by 60 years of age and above in Malaysia are anticipated to be 9.7% of the entire populace. With the arrival of numerous wearable gadgets and smart devices, the IoT (Internet of Things) gadgets are transforming the conventional medical management system into a further customised and smart one. Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify the factors that influence the actual behaviour towards IoT adoption based on the underlying concept of the “theory of planned behaviour”. This study is expected to provide meaningful outcomes in creating awareness of the use of IoT among elderly NCD patients in Malaysia and understanding their behavioural intentions and actual behaviour that can help to maximise the utilisation of the available healthcare resources.
Régionaliser la guerre ? Préfets, comités de défense et ligue régionale dans l’Ouest et en Bretagne (1870-1871)
Authors: Tanguy Jean-François
Published: December 2021

4 septembre 1870. La France se retrouve sans chef d’État, sans constitution, sans armée et presque sans administration. Un gouvernement provisoire, sans vraie légitimité, se met en place et prend le nom de gouvernement de la Défense Nationale. C’est là son principal but et à vrai dire le seul : tenter, coûte que coûte, de relancer la guerre, de ne pas capituler afin d’obtenir des conditions honorables, voire, au mieux, une paix blanche. Dans cette optique, le gouvernement va renouveler complètement le corps préfectoral. Les préfets de la Défense nationale, les « préfets de Gambetta » auront pour mission quasiment exclusive de mettre toutes les ressources de leur département, et au premier chef les ressources humaines, au service de la patrie et de la guerre, mission qu’ils rempliront, selon les cas, plus ou moins efficacement. Mais, dans une France où l’enthousiasme patriotique est très loin de celui de 1793 et où la discipline et la coercition imposées par l’État ne peuvent se comparer à ce que l’on verra en 1914, il ne pouvait en être autrement. Toutefois, une fraction non négligeable des notables voulurent apporter dans toute la mesure du possible leur aide aux préfets de Gambetta. Ainsi naquirent dans la plupart des départements, sauf évidemment ceux occupés par l’ennemi, des « comités de défense » dont l’action, certes pleine de bonne volonté, demeura limitée, brouillonne, contrariée par le chevauchement des autorités civiles ou militaires, voire par les préfets eux-mêmes. Malgré cela, dans un certain nombre de régions, les comités tentèrent de franchir une étape supplémentaire en constituant des « ligues » dont l’une des plus importantes, la seule à vrai dire à tenter de se donner un projet politique autant que militaire, fut la Ligue de l’Ouest. L’histoire de cette ligue et des comités de défense qui la constituèrent, aussi brève qu’elle soit, représente un ensemble de faits très atypiques mais remarquables, et pourtant très oubliés, dans l’histoire de la France contemporaine.
La reconnaissance sans certification officielle
Authors: Meyzie Philippe
Published: November 2021

A partir des premiers résultats d’une recherche en cours et d'exemples variés (jambon de Bayonne, roquefort, pain d'épices de Reims, etc.), cet article présente une réflexion sur la manière dont les aliments sont distingués en fonction d’une référence à un lieu. Il s’agit de montrer, à travers l'analyse des dénominations employées et des territoires identifiés, qu'il existe des croyances partagées autour de la qualité supposée de ces produits sans aucune définition légale ou juridique ni des caractéristiques du produit ni des zones de production. La reconnaissance souple de ces denrées par leur origine, sans certification officielle, facilite néanmoins leur circulation marchande.
« La biodiversité cultivée » et les défis de la patrimonialisation
Authors: Broccolini Alessandra
Published: November 2021

Cet essai prend en considération un exemple spécifique italien de patrimonialisation de la « biodiversité cultivée » - la lentille de Rascino, dans la région du Latium sur les Apennins centraux - comme étude de cas pour réfléchir à la re-signification des lieux marginaux et aux formes nouvelles de valorisation de la production agricole, de la dimension rurale et des savoirs locaux en relation aux communautés. Nous sommes dans une région géographique qui, dans les années soixante/ soixante-dix du XXe siècle, s’est fortement dépeuplée au profit de la capitale. Ici, l'enquête ethnographique (observation, participation aux phases de culture, entretiens, partages) menée entre 2015 et 2017 a permis d'explorer le processus de patrimonialisation qui a été produit à long terme, les groupes qui ont été impliqués dans le temps et se sont constitués, le rôle exercé par les savoirs traditionnels et l’ importance qu’a eu dans ce processus l'émergence de la notion de "biodiversité cultivée".
Définir les signes de qualité
Authors: Ceccaldi Françoise-Marie
Published: November 2021

La relance des productions agro-alimentaires traditionnelles s’est faite en s’adaptant aux contraintes du système d’échanges en vigueur. Toutefois, l’argumentaire de la valorisation fait peu cas des mutations pour revendiquer la tradition. Le terrain mené sur un temps long met en évidence la complexité et l’évolution constante des savoirs et des savoir-faire mobilisés par les différentes filières.
El fin de fiesta del Uruguay : la decadencia individual como metáfora del declive colectivo en el relato “Bienvenido Bob”, de Juan Carlos Onetti
Authors: Gatti Giuseppe
Published: November 2021

El presente estudio propone una relectura del relato onettiano “Bienvenido Bob”, concentrando la atención en la conexión alegórica que existe entre la inexorabilidad del desgaste producido en el ser humano por el transcurso de los años y el derrumbe progresivo del sistema socioeconómico y político del Uruguay. El abordaje propuesto apunta a subrayar la relevancia de dos motivos dominantes del relato: a la subjetividad en los procesos perceptivos del paso del tiempo –y, por ende, a la distinción entre tiempo vivido y tiempo físico– se añade una serie de reflexiones acerca de la arquitectura temporal del cuento, que insiste en el motivos del declive subjetivo como metaforización de la decadencia que tuvo que enfrentar el país y de la paulatina descomposición de los cimientos en los que se fundaba el sistema batllista. El fin de fiesta al que se hace referencia en el título remite, así, al comienzo de la pauperización nacional, que implanta sus raíces ya a partir de la década del treinta.
Congressos Eucarísticos : Cristo Rei celebrado no Brasil da primeira metade do século XX
Authors: Isaia Artur Cesar
Published: November 2021

Este texto explora a fala da hierarquia católica brasileira explicitada nos Congressos Eucarísticos, celebrados na primeira metade do século XX. Os Congressos Eucarísticos são encarados como celebrações que reiteravam um projeto nomeador da realidade brasileira pela hierarquia católica, no qual não haveria possibilidade de pensar-se a realidade e a história nacional fora do catolicismo. Esses Congressos Eucarísticos, embasados na representação de Cristo Rei, ritualizavam o projeto de um Brasil católico, no qual Cristo deveria reinar, acima das elites dirigentes e do estado. Os Congressos Eucarísticos são aqui tratados como eventos mobilizadores de uma constelação de imagens, que apelando para bens simbólicos monopolizados pela igreja, deveriam remeter à obviedade de em Brasil católico e do reinado inquestionável de Cristo.
(Em) canto de Santo : Religiosidade e Identidade no Bumba meu boi do Maranhão
Authors: Ferreira Heridan de Jesus Guterres Pavão , Silva Marcelo Nicomedes dos Reis , Silva Claudia Regina Pinto
Published: November 2021

Este trabalho enfoca as toadas cantadas no bumba meu boi do Maranhão, enquanto importante elemento para construção de identidades e preservação dos valores culturais afrobrasileiros, que se materializam por meio de um diálogo entre a religiosidade e a literatura.
Arthur Adamov, ici et maintenant
Authors: Lempereur Nathalie
Published: November 2021

Au croisement de l’histoire de la décentralisation théâtrale, du brechtisme, du militantisme politique et culturel, et de l’éducation populaire, émerge la figure d’un auteur et d’un intellectuel singulier, Arthur Adamov, arménien du Caucase arrivé en France dans les années 1920.
Adamov est une personnalité ambivalente, provocante et scandaleuse du théâtre contemporain, autour de laquelle gravite une « nébuleuse » d’acteurs du théâtre politique des années 1950-1960. Dans une perspective d’histoire culturelle et sociale, l’autrice met au jour dans cette étude les circulations liées à la décentralisation théâtrale, celles des acteurs, des nouvelles scènes de banlieue et des réseaux militants, pour la plupart communistes. Ce livre propose ainsi une géographie du théâtre engagé, en France et en Europe, après la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Il vient également enrichir l’histoire des intellectuel·le·s par celle de la politisation d’Adamov, lui qui fut le compagnon de route du Parti communiste au temps de la guerre froide, de la guerre d’Algérie et des guerres coloniales et dont l’engagement est lié à l’itinéraire d’une autre actrice de l’époque, Jacqueline Autrusseau-Adamov. En retraçant ainsi l’itinéraire d’un auteur autant contesté qu’admiré par un pan entier de sa génération, ce livre invite à penser les rêves, les craintes, les espoirs, les fantasmes et les échecs d’une époque. Alors qu’elle lui a trop souvent été confisquée, faire à nouveau entendre la parole d’Adamov permet de questionner l’écriture de l’exil et de faire resurgir un théâtre de la révolte – théâtre qui fait écho à nos préoccupations contemporaines.
La fiscalité douanière dans l’Égypte romaine
Authors: Rossi Lucia
Published: November 2021

Du cahier des charges définissant les obligations respectives des parties, des registres mensuels faisant état des sommes perçues pour le compte de l’État romain aux reçus émis à la suite de l’acquittement des impôts, des déclarations de fouille aux plaintes dénonçant les abus des personnels douaniers, l’ensemble des activités liées aux douanes d’Égypte a donné lieu à une production documentaire remarquable par la variété et la quantité des pièces produites. Le corpus papyrologique (papyrus et ostraca), plus de cinq cents documents en langue grecque, rassemble la totalité de la documentation éditée à ce jour. Les documents de la pratique égyptiens sont, de ce fait, l’une des sources les plus précieuses pour reconstituer les modalités de fonctionnement de la fiscalité douanière, saisir les évolutions qu’elle a connues et apprécier les apports de ce champ de l’administration fiscale aux savoirs de gouvernement de l’Empire romain. En présentant la documentation, en analysant le vocabulaire fiscal et en dressant une typologie des écrits douaniers, cet ouvrage donne également à voir les acteurs, égyptiens, grecs ou romains, impliqués dans la production des écrits ou dans l’exécution des opérations de vérification. Auprès d’eux, c’est le caractère empirique de la prise de décision politique qui dès lors émerge de cette étude originale et témoigne de la capacité d’adaptation des pouvoirs publics à des exigences fiscales et administratives le plus souvent conjoncturelles.
Une internationale blanche
Authors: Dupont Alexandre
Published: November 2021

De 1872 à 1876, l’Espagne est déchirée par une guerre civile opposant les libéraux au pouvoir aux carlistes, partisans du prétendant don Carlos de Bourbon, défenseurs du trône et de l’autel. Loin de se cantonner à la péninsule Ibérique, le conflit dépasse les frontières et le carlisme bénéficie d’un vaste mouvement de solidarité européen de la part des catholiques et des royalistes.
Des ports de l’Atlantique et de la mer du Nord aux sentiers de contrebande des Pyrénées, des salons de l’aristocratie européenne aux réseaux d’anciens combattants pour la papauté, c’est un mouvement protéiforme et informel qui s’organise à différentes échelles et au sein de différents espaces sociaux. Le présent ouvrage l’étudie en croisant les apports de la micro-histoire, de l’histoire par le bas, de l’histoire transnationale et de l’histoire politique.
Le terrain d’enquête est principalement la France, que le voisinage avec l’Espagne érige en tête de pont de cette internationale blanche : le territoire français devient lieu de refuge, d’organisation et de solidarité transnationale pour les carlistes, malgré l’opposition du gouvernement. Agissant dans l’illégalité, l’internationale blanche apporte une aide décisive à l’insurrection dans la guerre civile.
C’est surtout vrai à la frontière entre France et Espagne, en Catalogne et au Pays basque, où les royalistes reçoivent le soutien de populations frontalières dont les cadres de vie traditionnels sont menacés par l’émergence de l’État moderne et du capitalisme. Ce livre présente et analyse ainsi un « envers de l’histoire contemporaine », le combat transnational de défenseurs d’un futur alternatif à la modernité libérale.
Beyond Scattered Applications
Authors: Spahiu Esli , Spagnoletti Paolo , Federici Tommaso
Published: December 2021

As a decentralised digital ledger, blockchain has become a buzzword in the recent years, due to its advantageous characteristics. The application of blockchain has been associated with different implications, ranging from trust generator to increased efficiency. Recently, blockchain application has gained momentum by being implemented by different governments and public bodies, as a solution for tackling different issues, with the intent of providing more efficient public policies. Different blockchain-based systems and platforms have been increasingly introduced as a more secure and orderly alternative of delivering various public functions and services. Given the expansion of use cases in different countries and the scattered information in this regard, this chapter develops a taxonomy of blockchain outcomes in the public domain by identifying the emerging patterns and subcategories. The proposed taxonomy can support decision makers and researchers to better identify the various blockchain applications, alongside their benefits, implications, and possible associated risks.
Favorable Outcomes After Implementing a Nurse-Driven Sedation Protocol
Authors: Green Samantha , Staffileno Beth A.
Published: December 2021

Background

In patients receiving mechanical ventilation, prolonged exposure to sedative and analgesic medications contributes to negative clinical outcomes.

Objective

To reduce exposure to sedative and analgesic medications among patients receiving mechanical ventilation by implementing a nurse-driven sedation protocol.

Methods

This quality improvement project followed a plan-do-study-act cycle. Nurses were educated on the protocol, and 30 patient medical records were reviewed both before and after protocol implementation. Data were extracted on intensive care unit length of stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, duration of continuous sedation, presence of delirium, pain, level of sedation, and performance and documentation of spontaneous awakening trials. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the χ2 test, and calculated percent change.

Results

Forty-four nurses completed protocol education. The mean (SD) duration of mechanical ventilation decreased by 26% (from 5 [3.7] days to 3.7 [3.2] days), and the mean (SD) intensive care unit length of stay decreased by 27% (from 6.3 [4.3] days to 4.6 [3.7] days). The mean (SD) duration of continuous sedation decreased by 35% (from 6419 [7241] minutes to 4178 [4507] minutes). Spontaneous awakening trials documented increased by 35% (from 57% to 77%), and spontaneous awakening trials performed increased by 92% (from 40% to 77%), a statistically significant change (P = .004).

Conclusion

These preliminary data suggest that implementation of a nurse-driven sedation protocol resulted in favorable outcomes by decreasing duration of mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit length of stay, and duration of continuous sedation and increasing the number of spontaneous awakening trials performed.
The meiofauna as neglected carriers of antibiotic resistant and pathogenic bacteria in freshwater ecosystems
Authors: Sathicq Maria Belen , Sbaffi Tomasa , Borgomaneiro Giulia , Di Cesare Andrea , Sabatino Raffaella
Published: November 2021

The World Health Organization considers antibiotic resistance as one of the main threats to human and other animals' health. Despite the measures used to limit the spread of antibiotic resistance, the efforts made are not enough to tackle this problem. Thus, it has become important to understand how bacteria acquire and transmit antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs), in particular in the environment, given the close connection between the latter and human and animal health, as defined by the One-Health concept. Aquatic ecosystems are often strongly impacted by anthropogenic activities, making them a source for ARGs and antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB). Although freshwater meiofauna have been the object of active research, few studies have focused on the relationship between the spread of antibiotic resistance and these organisms. In this review, we investigated freshwater meiofauna as carriers of resistances since they play a central role in the aquatic environments and can harbor human and animal potential pathogens. We assessed if these animals could contribute to the spread of ARGs and of potentially pathogenic bacteria. Only four taxa (Rotifera, Chironomidae, Cladocera, Copepoda) were found to be the subject of studies focused on antibiotic resistance. The studies we analyzed, although with some limitations, demonstrated that ARGs and ARB can be found in these animals, and several of them showed the presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria for humans and animals within their microbiome. Thus, meiofauna can be considered a source and a reservoir, even if neglected, of ARGs and ARB for the freshwater environments. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the impact of the meiofauna on the spread and persistence of antibiotic resistance in these ecosystems.
Early Screening and Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Vietnam: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Thi Vui Le , Minh Duc Duong , Thuy Quynh Nguyen , Giang Nguyen Thi Huong , Mai Vu Thi Thanh , Ha Bui Thi Thu , Van Minh Hoang
Published: November 2021

Background

Early detection of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) is essential given the under-reported cases in low- and middle-income countries. This first national representative survey was conducted to explore the prevalence of ASDs amongst 18 and 30 months in seven provinces in Vietnam.

Design and methods

During 2017-2018, a national cross-sectional and population-based survey for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) amongst 40,243 children aged 18 to 30 months was conducted in 7 provinces representing the socio-economic regions of Vietnam. M-CHAT was used to screen children and then confirmed by diagnostic assessment using DSM-IV criteria.

Results

The prevalence of ASDs amongst children aged 18 and 30 months in Vietnam was high (0.758% or 1 in 132 children). Urban setting, male gender, and hereditable genes were associated with ASD prevalence.

Conclusions

ASDs amongst children aged 18 and 30 months in Vietnam tend to be increasing and are similar to this rate in other middle-income countries but lower than that in Western countries. This under-recognized public health problem amongst children should be addressed by early detection and intervention for families with affected children.
HIV Epidemic in a Province of the Brazilian Amazon Region: Temporal Trend Analysis
Authors: de Sá Pinheiro Adriana , Souza Lima Sandra , Oliveira Naiff Ferreira Glenda Roberta , Rodrigues Feijão Alexsandra , Rosendo da Silva Richardson Augusto , Gir Elucir , Reis Renata Karina , Vieira Pereira Fernanda Maria , Hisako Takase Gonçalves Lucia , Isse Polaro Sandra Helena , Pereira Cruz Aline Maria , Pinheiro Botelho Eliã
Published: November 2021

Background

Although considerable progress has been made over the last decades, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) mortality rates have remarkably increased in the Brazilian Amazon region. Here, we employed temporal analysis to determine the impact of public policies on the HIV epidemic in the state of Pará, Brazil, which has the second highest HIV incidence rate in the Amazon region.

Design and methods

This is an ecological study conducted in the state of Pará, employing secondary data of HIV/AIDS cases notified to the Information System for Notifiable Diseases, 2007– 2018. The following epidemiological variables were collected: year of notification, municipality of residence, age, sex, education, exposure category, and HIV/AIDS diagnostic criteria. The study population was composed of 21,504 HIV/AIDS cases. The HIV/AIDS incidence rates were analyzed employing the temporal trend analysis (TTA) followed by the chi-square test and residue analysis to determine the association between the epidemiological variables and time series periods.

Results

A total of 50% of the notifications were composed of AIDS cases. TTA identified two periods in HIV/AIDS incidence, with stabilization of cases in the first period (G1, 2007–2012) and an upward trend in the second period (G2, 2012–2018). The most prevalent epidemiological characteristics in G2 ( versus G1) were as follows: young people, brown skin color, higher schooling, and homosexuals.

Conclusions

Public policy to control HIV infection in the Brazilian Amazon region has been partially effective. HIV screening tests and treatment should be made widely available to eradicate HIV infection in the Amazon region by 2030.
Costs and Mortality Associated with HIV: A Machine Learning Analysis of the French National Health Insurance Database
Authors: Prodel Martin , Finkielsztejn Laurent , Roustand Laëtitia , Nachbaur Gaëlle , de Leotoing Lucie , Genreau Marie , Bonnet Fabrice , Ghosn Jade
Published: November 2021

Background

The objective is to characterise the economic burden to the healthcare system of people living with HIV (PLWHIV) in France and to help decision makers in identifying risk factors associated with high-cost and high mortality profiles.

Design and methods

The study is a retrospective analysis of PLWHIV identified in the French National Health Insurance database (SNDS). All PLWHIV present in the database in 2013 were identified. All healthcare resource consumption from 2008 to 2015 inclusive was documented and costed (for 2013 to 2015) from the perspective of public health insurance. High-cost and high mortality patient profiles were identified by a machine learning algorithm.

Results

In 2013, 96,423 PLWHIV were identified in the SNDS database, including 3,373 incident cases. Overall, 3,224 PLWHIV died during the three-year follow-up period (mean annual mortality rate: 1.1%). The mean annual per capita cost incurred by PLWHIV was € 14,223, corresponding to a total management cost of HIV of € 1,370 million in 2013. The largest contribution came from the cost of antiretroviral medication (M€ 870; 63%) followed by hospitalisation (M€ 154; 11%). The costs incurred in the year preceding death were considerably higher. Four specific patient profiles were identified for under/over-expressing these costs, suggesting ways to reduce them.

Conclusions

Even though current therapeutic regimens provide excellent virological control in most patients, PLWHIV have excess mortality. Other factors such as comorbidities, lifestyle factors and screening for cancer and cardiovascular disease, need to be targeted in order to lower the mortality and cost associated with HIV infection.
Feasibility of Collaborating with Independent Latino-Owned Restaurants to Increase Sales of a Healthy Combo Meal
Authors: Poirier Lisa , Flores Lucia , Rivera Ivonne , Pierre Christine , Wolfson Julia A. , Fuster Melissa , Gittelsohn Joel , Colón-Ramos Uriyoán
Published: November 2021

Americans spend the majority of their food dollars at restaurants and other prepared food sources, including quick-service and fast-food restaurants (PFS); independent small restaurants make up 66% of all PFS in the US. In this feasibility study, 5 independent and Latino-owned PFS in the Washington DC metro area worked with academic partners to start offering healthy combo meals with bottled water and promote these using on-site, community, and social media advertising. The number of healthy combos sold was collected weekly, showing that the new combos sold, and customers in all 5 sites were surveyed as they exited the PFS (n=50): >85% had noticed the combo meals; 100% thought it was a good idea to offer it, 68% had ordered the combo (of these, >94% of customers responded that they liked it). Results suggest that it is feasible to work with independent Latino-owned restaurants to promote healthy combos and collect data.
Endovascular management of traumatic arterial emergencies
Authors: Birgi Erdem , Durmaz Hasanali , Güreşci Kürşat , Ergun Onur , Çığsar Gülşen , Kurtuluş Burhan , Hekimoğlu Baki
Published: November 2021

Objectives:

To present our experience in delivering endovascular therapies for emergent vascular traumas with various vascular structures.

Methods:

Between September 2013 and February 2018, patients who underwent endovascular intervention due to penetrating, blunt and iatrogenic arterial traumas were analyzed, retrospectively. Demographic data, trauma site, mechanism of injury, angiographic findings or arterial injury patterns, treatment methods, and outcomes were recorded.

Results:

A total of 30 patients were included. The mean age of patients was 39 years (range: 15-87 years). Arterial trauma locations were in the compressible area with a rate of 43% (n=13) and in the noncompressed area with a rate of 57% (n=17). Mechanisms of injuries were blunt [53% (n=16)], penetrating [17% (n=5)], and iatrogenic [30% (n=9)]. The most common indication for endovascular treatment was blunt noncompressible injury (n=12). Methods used for treatment were stent-graft (46%, n=14) and coil embolization (54%, n=16). Immediate success was obtained in all procedures. The mean follow-up duration was 5 months (range: 1-12 months).

Conclusions:

Endovascular treatments performed in traumatic arterial emergencies are effective and minimally invasive with very low complication rates even in hemodynamically unstable patients.
Effects of L-arginine on preeclampsia risks and maternal and neonatal outcomes
Authors: Sagadevan Shonitha , Sri Hari Oorvashree , Sirajudeen Mohamed Jahangir , Ramalingam Gopi , Basutkar Roopa Satyanarayan
Published: November 2021

Objective:

To summarize whether the supplementation of L-arginine in pregnant women helps in management of preeclampsia and its impact on maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Methods:

Studies conducted from the past 17 years (1999 to 2016). were referred from database like Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Scopus, Google Scholar and PubMed. Out of 134 studies, 7 studies were included. L-arginine versus placebo was considered for quantitative analysis. Modified Cochrane data extraction form was used to collect the data. The risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane's risk of bias assessment tool in RevMan 5.4 and the summary of findings was determined using GradePro software.

Results:

L-arginine showed a significant reduction of preeclampsia [odds ratio (OR) 0.38; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.25, 0.58)]. There was a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure [mean difference (MD) -2.47; 95% CI -4.53, -0.42] and diastolic blood pressure (MD -0.97; 95% CI -3.83, 1.89). The effects of L-arginine on secondary outcomes like maternal gestational age, latency, neonatal weight, and appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, respiration (APGAR) score at 1st and 5th minute were not statistically significant.

Conclusions:

L-arginine supplementation is effective in lowering systolic and diastolic blood pressure of preeclamptic patients. However, it has no noticeable effects on maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Tricuspid regurgitation after endomyocardial biopsy
Authors: Tsai Chia-Ju , Chen I-Chen , Chang Chung-Yi
Published: November 2021

Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is a relatively uncommon complication subsequent to endomyocardial biopsy. We are reporting a 21-year-old male who underwent biopsy 13 times following heart transplantation. Symptomatic TR prompted the need for surgical repair, thus annuloplasty with artificial chordae reimplantation was performed. Mild TR with the preserved function was documented nearly 4 years after surgical intervention.
Use of negative pressure wound therapy with simultaneous instillation for treatment of Gustilo type IIIC tibia-fibula fracture during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Chen Ching-En , Chen Yi-Chou , Chen Yi-Rong , Chuang Yi-Ho , Lin Chin-Jung
Published: November 2021

Since the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak at the end of 2019, there have been changes in human habits, customs, and patient management. Conventional wound treatments may not be performed in certain cases due to the risk of COVID-19 transmission, and alternative methods should be thus considered. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is a well-established and widely applied dressing alternative for acute and chronic wounds. Meanwhile, the continuous irrigation associated with simultaneous instillation (NPWTi) is thought to achieve better cleansing and lower infection rates. Although NPWTi is still controversial with regard to flap reconstruction, this report presents a successful management of Gustilo type IIIC tibia-fibula open fracture using NPWTi as a bridge dressing to endure the 14-day quarantine period in a district hospital with insufficient medical staff and resources.