bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DETERMINATION OF TOTAL FLAVONOID LEVELS ON ALPUKAT FRUIT SKIN (PERSEA AMERICANA MILL.)
Authors: Firlia Firlia , Hastuti Sri
Published: March 2022

Avocados (Persea americana Mill) are fruits that originally from Mexico and Central America. It has the characteristics of green flesh on the bottom of the skin and yellowing toward the seeds with a texture that is rather soft when it is ripe. Skin color varies, some are green because of chlorophyll or black content due to anthocyanin pigments. This study aimed to determine the total levels of flavonoids in the skin of avocados that were green and black. Determination of total flavonoid levels used a UV- Vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that an analysis of water content was 5.306% for green avocado skin and 7.327% for black avocado skin. The analysis of total flavonoid levels at a wavelength of 437 nm obtained respectively, the average yield was 54,950 mg/100g for green avocado skin and 29,519 mg/100g for black avocado skin. The results of this study are expected to be able to attract the interest of the community to cultivate green and black avocado plants. especially in the area of Central Sulawesi.
Diversity and Pattern of Macrozoobentos Spread in Pondo River and Its Utilization as a Learning Resource
Authors: Ramadani Ayu Rifka , Dhafir Fatmah , Masrianih Masrianih , Zainal Syech
Published: March 2022

The Pondo River is one of the rivers in Central Sulawesi which crosses the Poboya, Lasoani, Tanamodindi and Talise villages. Administratively, it is located in Mantikulore District, Poboya Village. This study aims to determine the level of diversity and distribution patterns of macrozoobenthos in the Pondo River and its use as a learning resource. This research is a descriptive study that uses a random sampling method, with surbernet as a means of taking samples. To determine the level of diversity using the Shannon-Winner diversity index formula, to determine the distribution pattern using the Morista distribution index. The results showed the diversity of macrozoobenthos in the Pondo River, namely: H '= 1.36 moderate diversity. The distribution pattern of macrozoobenthos, namely: The pattern of distribution in groups (clustered) and uniform (regular), of the 10 macrozoobenthos found in the species Hydropsyche sp. has a clustered distribution pattern (clustered). Based on the results of the validation test, this research is suitable to be used as a learning resource in the form of a pocket book with a feasibility percentage of 82.1%.
Analisis Kandungan Sulfur pada Air Panas di Kaki Gunung Desa Sedoa Kecamatan Lore Utara Kabupaten Poso
Authors: Pogoa Meilan Kristina , Tahril Tahril
Published: March 2022

Telah dilakukan penelitian Analisis Kandungan Sulfur pada Pemandian Air Panas Kaki Gunung di Desa Sedoa Kecamatan Lore Utara Kabupaten Poso. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kandungan belerang pada sumber air panas kaki gunung di Desa Sedoa Kecamatan Lore Utara Kabupaten Poso. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode Gravimetri. Sampel air panas diambil pada pagi hari dan didiamkan selama 3 jam, 1 hari, 2 hari, dan 3 hari dengan 3 titik pengambilan sampel yang berbeda. Titik A merupakan air panas yang dikonsumsi masyarakat, titik B dan C merupakan air panas yang digunakan masyarakat untuk mandi dan mencuci. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar sulfur sampel A selama 3 jam adalah 9 mg/L, sampel B 4,5 mh/L, sampel C 4,5 mg/L. Selama 1 hari sampel A 4,5 mg/L, sampel B 4,5 mg/L, sampel C 4,5 mg/L. Selama 2 hari sampel A 4,5 mg/L, sampel B 4,5 mg/L, sampel C 4,5 mg/L. Selama 3 hari sampel A 4,5 mg/L, sampel B 4,5 mg/L, sampel C 4,5 mg/L. Kandungan belerang pada sumber air panas di Desa Sedoa berkisar 4,5 mg/L – 9 mg/L. Kadar tersebut jauh di bawah standar kandungan sulfur yaitu <400 mg/L.
Analisis Kemampuan Siswa dalam Menafsirkan Grafik Proses Termodinamika di SMA Negeri 5
Authors: Agusstiawan Edwi , Werdhiana I Komang , Jarnawi Muhammad
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemampuan siswa dalam menafsirkan grafik proses termodinamika. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu soal tes grafik termodinamika sebanyak 13 butir soal berbentuk pilihan ganda beralasan. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah kualitatif. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMA Negeri 5 Model Palu semester ganjil Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XII IPA 4. Responden wawancara dipilih berdasarkan hasil analisis jawaban siswa. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan siswa berada pada kategori sangat rendah dengan rata-rata persentase sebesar 33,68%. Kemampuan dalam mengartikan lambang sebesar 42,01%, menghubungkan hasil pengamatan sebesar 31,77%, menemukan pola sebesar 30,21%, dan menentukan besaran sebesar 30,73%. Kesulitan siswa dalam menafsirkan grafik yaitu, menganggap grafik sebagai sebuah objek, kebingungan dalam mengartikan posisi arah panah dalam grafik, tidak mengetahui arti lambang besaran dalam grafik, kesulitan mengartikan daerah di bawah grafik, tidak mampu membedakan grafik, dan tidak mampu melihat soal secara utuh.
Towards a normative framework for local authorities in facilitating foreign direct investment
Authors: Marenga Ralph Vezembouua , Blaauw Lesley , Kakujaha-Matundu Omu
Published: March 2022

Using two local authorities (LAs) (Windhoek and Walvis Bay) in Namibia, this study problematises their negative and neutral developmental experiences with facilitating foreign direct investment (FDI) as concerning (Jauch, 2020). The absence of a normative framework for LA FDI facilitation in Namibia’s multi-level government (MLG) system creates a developmental quagmire for LAs. This study develops a normative framework for LA FDI facilitation to avert the negative and neutral developmental experiences of LAs with facilitating FDI. Using the qualitative method, this study interviewed 13 key respondents that were sampled through the purposive/judgemental technique. Data were interpreted and presented through thematic analysis. The key findings point to the development of a normative framework for LA FDI facilitation that ascends the need for 1) sufficient decentralised functions of FDI facilitation in an MLG system; 2) policy and legislative harmonisation to avert challenges of coordination and implementation in an MLG system; 3) institutional structures for an efficient MLG system at the LA level; and 4) broader legal and policy framework for efficient governance at the sub-national government (SNG) level in an MLG system. This study recommends the application of this normative framework in MLG systems to ascend LAs’ developmental role in facilitating FDI for development.
Hyperbolic inverse mean curvature flow with forced term: evolution of plane curves
Authors: Ding Ran , Wang Zenggui
Published: February 2022

The motion of plane curves specified by hyperbolic inverse mean
curvature with a constant force term is considered. We proved that this
flow remains the convexity for any forced term. Furthermore, we give an
example to understand how the constant forced term $c$ affects this
hyperbolic inverse mean flow. Particularly, the asymptotic behavior of
the flow under different initial conditions is discussed.
Metabolic Engineering of Oleaginous Yeast Rhodotorula toruloides for Overproduction of Triacetic Acid Lactone
Authors: Cao Mingfeng , Tran Vinh , Qin Jiansong , Olson Andrew , Schultz John , Huang Chunshuai , XIE DONGMING , Zhao Huimin
Published: February 2022

The plant-sourced polyketide triacetic acid lactone (TAL) has been
recognized as a promising platform chemical for the biorefinery
industry. However, its practical application was rather limited due to
low natural abundance and inefficient cell factories for biosynthesis.
Here we report the metabolic engineering of oleaginous yeast
Rhodotorula toruloides for TAL overproduction. We first
introduced a 2-pyrone synthase gene from Gerbera hybrida (
GhPS) into R. toruloides and investigated the effects of
different carbon sources on TAL production. We then systematically
employed a variety of metabolic engineering strategies to increase the
flux of acetyl-CoA by enhancing its biosynthetic pathways and disrupting
its competing pathways. We found that overexpression of citrate lyase
(ACL1) improved TAL production by 45% compared to the GhPS
overexpressing strain, and additional overexpression of acetyl-CoA
carboxylase (ACC1) further increased TAL production by 29%. Finally, we
characterized the resulting strain I12- ACL1-ACC1 using fed-batch
bioreactor fermentation in glucose or oilcane juice medium with acetate
supplementation and achieved a titer of 28 g/L or 23 g/L TAL,
respectively. This study demonstrates that R. toruloides is a
promising host for production of TAL and other acetyl-CoA-derived
polyketides from low-cost carbon sources.
Pediatric Hematology Providers’ Contraceptive Practices for Female Adolescents and Young Adults with Sickle Cell Disease: A national survey
Authors: Askew Megan , Smaldone Arlene , Gold Melanie , Smith-Whitley Kim , Strouse John , Zhezhen Jin , Green Nancy
Published: February 2022

Background Adolescent and young adult (AYA) women with sickle cell
disease (SCD) have increased pregnancy-related health risks and are
prescribed potentially teratogenic medications, yet little is known
about pediatric SCD provider contraceptive practices. We aimed to assess
pediatric hematology providers’ beliefs, practices, motivators, and
barriers for providing contraceptive care to female AYA with SCD.
Methods Guided by the Health Belief Model (HBM), we developed a
25-question, web-based survey to assess providers’ practices. Survey
links were distributed nation-wide to pediatric SCD and/or general
hematology providers through their publicly available emails and by
request to directors of U.S. accredited Pediatric Hematology-Oncology
fellowship programs for distribution to their SCD providers. Data
analysis included descriptive statistics, chi-square analysis, logistic
regression. Results Of 177 respondents, 160 surveys meeting inclusion
criteria were analyzed. Most providers reported counseling (77.5%) and
referring female AYA patients for contraception (90.8%), but fewer
reported prescribing contraception (41.8%). Counseling practices
significantly differed in trainees versus established providers (54%
vs. 85%, p<0.001) with a similar trend for prescribing
(p=0.05). Prescription practices did not differ significantly by
provider beliefs regarding potential teratogenicity of hydroxyurea. Key
motivators included patient request and disclosure of sexual activity.
Key barriers included inadequate provider training, limited visit time,
and perceived patient/parent interest. Conclusion Provider contraceptive
practices for female AYA with SCD varied, especially by provider status.
Health beliefs regarding teratogenic potential of hydroxyurea did not
correlate with contraceptive practices. Clinical guidelines, provider
training, and patient/parent decision-making tools may be tested to
assess whether provider contraceptive practices could be improved.
IMPLICATIONS OF DEFERRED DIAGNOSIS OF PAEDIATRIC INTRACRANIAL GERM CELL TUMOURS
Authors: Partenope Cristina , Pozzobon Gabriella , Weber Giovanna , Carceller Fernando , Albanese Assunta
Published: February 2022

AIMS This study analysed the clinical features of children with
intracranial germ cell tumours (IC-GCTs) treated at two European
centres. We retrospectively reviewed timelag between symptoms onset,
clinic-radiological findings, diagnosis and outcomes. METHODS Symptoms
at diagnosis were divided into four groups: 1)raised intracranial
pressure (RICP); 2)visual impairment; 3)endocrinopathy; 4)other. Total
diagnostic interval (TDI), defined as the interval between symptom onset
(including retrospective recall of symptoms) and definitive diagnosis of
IC-GCT, was calculated and compared to survival rates. RESULTS Our
cohort included 55 children with a median follow-up of 78.9 months
(0.5-249.9). The majority (63.6%) had germinomas and 10.9% were
metastatic at diagnosis. IC-GCTs were suprasellar (41.8%), pineal
(36.4%), bifocal (12.7%) or in atypical sites (9.1%). The most common
presenting symptoms were related to RICP (43.6%); however, by the time
of tumour diagnosis, 50.9% of the patients had developed endocrine
dysfunctions. All pineal GCTs manifested with RICP or visual impairment.
All suprasellar GCTs presented with endocrinopathies. TDI ranged between
0.25-58.5 months (median 4 months). Pineal GCTs had the shortest TDI
(median TDI 1 month versus 24 months in suprasellar GCTs,
p<0.001). TDI >6 months was observed in 47.3% of
patients and was significantly associated with endocrine presenting
symptoms. No statistically significant difference was found in
progression-free survival and overall survival between patients with TDI
>6 months and with TDI 6 months. CONCLUSION Approximately
half of our patients had TDI >6 months, mostly with
endocrine deficiencies as presenting symptoms. TDI >6
months was not associated with increased relapse rate or mortality.
Balancing the Benefits of Tricuspid Annuloplasty
Authors: Yankah Charles , Falk Volkmar
Published: February 2022

Tricuspid annuloplasty for moderate to severe TR (Class I, IIb)
is the current standard of practice to restore the normal tricuspid
annular dimension and function (1,2). The current controversy in
atrioventricular surgery concerns the indication for concomitant TA in
patients with moderate TR and significant annular dilatation of at
least
>
40 mm or at least 21
mm/m indexed for body surface area (Class IIb) during
mitral valve surgery proposed by the American Heart Association/American
College of Cardiology and European Society of Cardiology (1,2,3)
Factors associated with early uptake of COVID-19 vaccination among healthcare workers in Azerbaijan, 2021
Authors: Doran Jason , Seyidov Nabil , Mehdiyev Samir , Gon Girogia , Kissling Esther , Herdman Trent , Suleymanova Javahir , Rehse Ana Paula Couthino , Pebody Richard , Katz Mark , Hagverdiyev Gahraman
Published: February 2022

We evaluated uptake and factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination
among health workers (HWs) in Azerbaijan. Among 1,575 HWs, 73% had
received at least one dose and 67% received two doses; all received
CoronaVac. Factors associated with vaccination uptake included no
previous COVID-19 infection, older age, belief in the vaccine’s safety,
previous vaccination for influenza, having patient-facing roles, and
good or excellent health by self-assessment. These findings could inform
strategies to increase vaccination uptake as the campaign continues.
High-throughput screening of optimal process conditions using model predictive control
Authors: Krausch Niels , Kim Jong Woo , Barz Tilman , Lucia Sergio , Groß Sebastian , Huber Matthias , Schiller Stefan , Neubauer Peter , Bournazou Mariano Cruz
Published: February 2022

Modern biotechnological laboratories are equipped with advanced parallel
mini-bioreactor facilities that can perform sophisticated cultivation
strategies (e.g. fed-batch or continuous) and generate significant
amounts of measurement data. These systems require not only optimal
experimental designs that find the best conditions in very large design
spaces, but also algorithms that manage to operate a large number of
different cultivations in parallel within a well-defined and tightly
constrained operating regime. Existing advanced process control
algorithms have to be tailored to tackle the specific issues of such
facilities such as: a very complex biological system, constant changes
in the metabolic activity and phenotypes, shifts of pH and/or
temperature, and metabolic switches, e.g. by product induction, to name
a few. In this work we implement a model-predictive control (MPC)
approach based framework to demonstrate: 1) the challenges in terms of
mathematical model structure, state and parameter estimation, and
optimization under highly nonlinear and stiff constraints in biological
systems, 2) the adaptations required to enable its application in High
Throughput Bioprocess Development (HTBD), and 3) the added value of MPC
implementations when operating parallel mini-bioreactors aiming to
maximize the biomass concentration while coping with hard constrains on
the Dissolved Oxygen Tension profile.
Pilot Scale Production of Polymerized Human Hemoglobin
Authors: Cuddington Clayton , Wolfe Savannah R. , Belcher Donald A. , Allyn Megan , Greenfield Alisyn , Gu Xiangming , Hickey Richard , Lu Shuwei , Palmer Andre
Published: February 2022

Polymerized human hemoglobin (PolyhHb) is being studied as a possible
red blood cell (RBC) substitute for use in scenarios where blood is not
available. While the O carrying capacity of PolyhHb
makes it appealing as an O therapeutic, the commercial
PolyhHb PolyHeme® (Northfield Laboratories Inc., Evanston, IL) was never
approved for clinical use due to the presence of large quantities of low
molecular weight polymeric (LMW) Hb species (<500 kDa), which
have been shown to elicit vasoconstriction, systemic hypertension, and
oxidative tissue injury in vivo. Previous bench-top scale studies
in our lab demonstrated the ability to synthesize and purify PolyhHb
using a two-stage tangential flow filtration (TFF) purification process
to remove almost all undesirable Hb species (>0.2 µm and
<500 kDa) in the material to create a product that should be
safer for transfusion. Therefore, in order to enable future large animal
studies and eventual human clinical trials, PolyhHb synthesis and
purification processes need to be scaled up to the pilot scale. Hence in
this study, we describe pilot scale synthesis and purification of
PolyhHb. Characterization of pilot scale PolyhHb showed that PolyhHb
could be successfully produced to yield biophysical properties conducive
for its use as an RBC substitute.
PRE-DOMESTICATION BOTTLENECKS OF THE CULTIVATED SEAWEED GRACILARIA CHILENSIS
Authors: Huanel Oscar , Quesada-Calderón Suany , Morales-González Sarai , Saenz-Agudelo Pablo , Mauger Stephane , Nelson Wendy , Arakaki Natalia , Ríos Cristia , Faugeron Sylvain , Guillemin Marie-Laure
Published: March 2022

Gracilaria chilensis is the main cultivated seaweed in Chile. The low
genetic diversity observed in the Chilean population has been associated
with the over-exploitation of natural beds and/or the founder effect
that occurred during the post-glacial colonization from New Zealand. How
these processes have affected its evolutionary trajectory before farming
and incipient domestication is poorly understood. In this study, we used
2,232 SNPs to assess how the species evolutionary history in New Zealand
(its region of origin), the founder effect linked to transoceanic
dispersion and colonization of South America, and the recent
over-exploitation of natural populations have influenced the genetic
architecture of G. chilensis in Chile. The contrasting patterns of
genetic diversity and structure observed between the two main islands in
New Zealand attest to the important effects of Quaternary glacial cycles
on G. chilensis. ABC analyses indicated that Chatham Island and South
America were colonized independently near the end of the Last Glacial
Maximum and emphasized the importance of coastal and oceanic currents
during that period. Furthermore, ABC analyses inferred the existence of
a recent and strong genetic bottleneck in Chile, matching the period of
over-exploitation of the natural beds during the 1970s, followed by
rapid demographic expansion linked to active clonal propagation used in
farming. Recurrent genetic bottlenecks strongly eroded the genetic
diversity of G. chilensis prior to its cultivation, raising important
challenges for the management of genetic resources in this incipiently
domesticated species.
A Theoretical Investigation of Zn-Zn and Be-Be One Electron Bond
Authors: Sarma Kangkan , Kalita Amlan , Guha Ankur
Published: March 2022

Attachment of one electron to 1,2-diBeX-benzene and 1,2-diZnX-benzene
derivatives leads to the formation of stronger Be-Be and Zn-Zn
interaction. This is reflected in the dramatic shortening of the Be-Be
and Zn-Zn distance. The formation of these 2-center-1-electron bonds
have also been confirmed by topological survey of electron density using
quantum theory of atoms in molecules and electron localization function.
The formation of these bonds is expected to render stability to these
radical anions. These radical anions are stable towards electron
detachment and computed bond dissociation energy values are also
significant.
Communication Strategy Applied by Front Office Staff
Authors: Nugraha I Gede Surya Dharma
Published: February 2022

Some still think when talking to guests and do not speak English very well. In addition, the receptionist is also still convoluted in explaining something. This problem has an impact on poor service. This study aimed to analyze the type of strategic communication used by the front office staff of the Intercontinental Bali Resort. Types of strategic communication used by staff, and reasons for strategic communication used by staff. The subject of this research is the front office staff at the Intercontinental Bali Resort. This study uses a qualitative design. Data collection methods are observation, interviews, and voice recordings. The results showed five types of strategic communication implemented by the front office staff at the Intercontinental Bali Resort, namely: Paralanguage had the highest percentage of strategic communication with a percentage of around (48%). The most widely used strategy by staff is the Clarification Hole strategy with a percentage (37%). The most frequently used is an approximation in percentage (11%). Then fourth, there are (2) communication strategies used mainly by staff. There are languages with a percentage of 2% for each strategy. Paralanguage is a communication strategy used to provide more information so that guests can imagine clear things, the contact that occurs, and make the conversation more polite because it will be the first glance at this time.
Transitivity Analysis of EFL Students’ Narrative Text in Vocational High School
Authors: Agustina Maria , Suarnajaya Wayan
Published: February 2022

Language cannot be understood one at a time without considering contextual information about the current circumstances and culture. As a result, language can only be understood when individuals comprehend the circumstance and culture. This study aimed at identifying the process types that characterize the students' narrative texts. This study applied a descriptive qualitative method. The researcher collected the data from narrative texts. There were 28 students selected to be the subjects of this study. The collected data, presented in sentences and clauses, were analyzed using Halliday's transitivity system. Findings show that the process type that are dominantly used in the students' narrative texts are material, behavioral, intensive attributive, verbal, mental, and existential processes. The material process was the most common process type used because the students' subjects were connected to past figures. The findings in this study of the students' narrative texts demonstrate that the students must use the linguistic elements of a narrative text to give information. The purpose of text types in students' narrative texts is to encourage readers to imagine the words and sentence patterns used in the texts. It may help to minimize misunderstandings about the contents of the narrative text. As a result, while creating a narrative text, the students must employ the proper specific meaning, generic structure, linguistic characteristics, and language elements to stimulate readers' interest in providing necessary information while entertaining them.
The Process of Teacher’s Lesson Plan for Learning English through Google Classroom in the Senior High School
Authors: Arsini Ni Wayan Widya , Tantra Dewa Komang , Suprianti G.A.P
Published: February 2022

During the pandemic, the education system in Indonesia was prepared and implemented through online learning media. Teachers are still lacking in detail in preparing appropriate learning plans for online learning. It results in learning activities not running optimally. English teachers must develop lesson plans based on standard rules in the curriculum. It is so that learning activities can run optimally. The objectives of this study are the process and difficulties faced by English teachers in preparing English lesson plans during a pandemic situation, where learning is carried out through Google Classroom. This research is a qualitative descriptive study with the subject of research being English teachers. Data was collected through a questionnaire regarding lesson plan simplification, which included learning objectives, materials, activities, media and sources, and assessment. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The results showed that the teacher fulfilled all the steps in the five aspects of the one-page lesson plan, which fulfilled the steps provided by the instrument. Meanwhile, in compiling the RPP for learning English through Google Classroom, the teacher found a problem: the learning objectives that included an audience. Research findings indicate that improvements are needed in learning and its implementation through online learning platforms.
The Jargons Used by Tenganan Village People in Gringsing Weaving
Authors: Dewi Agung Ayu Putu Septia , Ramendra Dewa Putu , Mahendrayana Gede
Published: February 2022

Language is a system that mediates and types of vocalizations used by a community to communicate to understand each other. Language also has many varieties. This diversity is influenced by many factors, such as being influenced by a known place by age, gender, social status, and type of work. One variety of language is jargon. This study aims to analyze the jargon of meaning used by the people of Tenganan Village in weaving grinning. The design of this research is a qualitative descriptive design. The method used is observation and interviews. The observation method was carried out to observe the state of Tenganan village. The interview method was conducted to interview two weavers in Tenganan village to provide information regarding the jargon they use. The results showed that Tenganan Village people used fifty-six jargon to bring weaving. Based on fifty-six jargon, they are categorized into four types. The first type is jargon based on yarn processing, consisting of twenty jargon. The second type is jargon based on the weaving process, which finds three jargon. The third type is jargon based on naming tools and materials that find fifteen jargon. The fourth type is jargon based on the naming of eighteen motifs. Each jargon has a meaning that is used to facilitate communication between weavers in producing grinding weaving.
E-learning Platforms Used by the EFL Teacher during Distance Learning
Authors: Wirasatya Gede Didit Ogi , Artini Luh Putu , Wahyuni Luh Gede Eka
Published: February 2022

Due to the Covid-19 outbreak, learning activities had to be changed from face-to-face activities in class to distance learning. The e-learning platform has been essential to use since the covid-19 outbreak. However, online learning has several obstacles, such as the lack of facilities owned by students. Some parents and students face a problem during distance learning because they do not have a computer or android device. This study aims to analyze the bold learning platform used by EFL teachers during the covid-19 outbreak and analyze the use during distance learning. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Observations and interviews were used as methods in this study. The subject of this research is an EFL teacher. This study indicates that EFL teachers entirely use WhatsApp as an e-learning platform to carry out teaching activities during distance learning using several steps. First, the teacher sends a greeting, reviewing the previous material and information on today's material. Second, the teacher provides additional material in e-modules and learning videos. Third, the teacher gives some assignments to students. Fourth, the teacher collects the collection of assignments. This research can be used as a reflection on how the implementation of classroom language used by the EFL teacher during distance learning.
The Purpose of the Use Classroom Language
Authors: Hapsari Oka Ida Ayu Puspitha Pradnya , Artini Luh Putu
Published: February 2022

Currently, there are still many who cannot use English. The results of previous studies also stated that the cause of students not being able to speak English was because students thought learning English was complicated. English in everyday life is still rare, so students have difficulty understanding English. This study aimed to analyze the classroom language used by the English teacher and to analyze the purpose of using the classroom language during the learning process. This study uses a case study using descriptive qualitative research. The object of this research is 1 English teacher. Data were collected by observation and interviews. The technique used to analyze the data is descriptive qualitative and quantitative analysis. The results of this study indicate that first, the English teacher uses language based on the situations encountered during class. Second, the teacher chooses the class language based on the teacher's goals from the students during the learning process. This study categorizes three purposes of classroom language use: motivating, instructing, and guiding. Each plan has a different frequency in one meeting. The analysis results are supported by the teacher's statements obtained through interviews regarding how the situation requires certain types of language objectives. The use of classroom language has different purposes according to the current situation in the learning range.
Students’ Error in Writing Descriptive Text in The Junior High School Viewed from Its Indicators
Authors: Yani Kartika Ketut
Published: February 2022

Students often make mistakes in writing descriptive texts about people, animals, objects, or procedures. When asked about the source of the error, they did not give a clear answer to the question, let alone an explanation of the source of the error. The purpose of this study was to analyze the types of errors made by students and find out why students made mistakes in writing texts. The method used in this study is a qualitative description. Fifteen seventh-grade junior high school students were the subjects in this study. Data collection was carried out by presenting tests to students to write three descriptive texts about people, animals, and procedures, and focus group interviews on finding out why students made mistakes. The data is based on seven indicators in writing, namely the title, main sentence, significant sentence development, sentence structure, grammar used, word use, and writing, and ten sources of errors that might cause students to make mistakes in writing. This study found that students made mistakes in describing people, animals, and procedures in the title, main sentence, significant sentence development, sentence structure, word choice, grammar, and mechanics. Meanwhile, the highest proportion of students' mistakes in writing is the students' indifference to their writing.
An Analysis of Grammatical Errors Committed by Students in Writing Comparison and Contrast Paragraphs
Authors: Yudhayana Candra Dwi , Juniarta Putu Adi Krisna
Published: February 2022

Writing skills are still lacking and weak in students' classes and are often ignored by students. This study aimed at analyzing, and calculating the types and the sources of grammatical errors committed by the second-semester students from four classes in the English Language Education department academic year 2020/2021 in their comparison and contrast paragraphs. The final semester test of the Paragraph Writing course was used as the instrument of the study. Additionally, in analyzing the data, the theory by Dulay, Burt, and Krashen (1982) was used to describe the types of errors and the theory by Richards (1974) was used to analyze the errors’ sources. After that, that data was calculated. From the 114 paragraphs, 38 paragraphs that contained erroneous sentences were found. Four types of errors were classified, namely omission with 61 errors or 65%, followed by addition with 23 errors or 25%, then misformation with 6 errors or 6%, and the lowest was misordering with 4 errors or 4%. The errors were committed because of two sources; the first was an interlingual error that occurred 52 times or 54.84% and the second was an intralingual error with 42 errors or 45.16%. Conclusively, the omission and addition errors were the errors that needed to be concerned about because these two types of errors showed a very significant number of occurrences. Therefore, the students should be more aware of the grammar rules and teachers should emphasize the appropriate teaching method or technique to prevent the same errors to be happening in the future.
EFL Teacher’s Perceptions towards Online Learning during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Wijaya Ni Komang Christania , Nitiasih Putu Kerti , Budiarta Luh Gede Rahayu
Published: February 2022

Penerapan pembelajaran online akibat Covid-19 telah menjadi fenomena yang banyak diperbincangkan di dunia pendidikan khususnya dalam proses belajar mengajar bahasa Inggris. Pembelajaran online diterapkan di sekolah masih terdapat kesulitan yang dihadapi oleh guru dan siswa baik secara teknis maupun nonteknis. Evaluasi terhadap pembelajaran online jarang dilakukan, sehingga belum ditemukan solusi yang signifikan untuk mengatasi kesulitan dalam melakukan pembelajaran online. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis persepsi guru EFL terhadap pembelajaran online selama pandemi Covid-19 dengan berfokus pada evaluasi aspek konteks pembelajaran. Metode kualitatif digunakan sebagai desain penelitian dengan mengadaptasi Model CIPPO. Data dikumpulkan melalui beberapa teknik, seperti; observasi, dokumentasi, administrasi angket, dan wawancara. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan pembelajaran online pada masa pandemi covid-19 sudah efektif dan berjalan dengan baik. Namun, guru harus meningkatkan keterampilan mengajar mereka, terutama selama pembelajaran online, untuk membuat siswa bersemangat untuk belajar, terutama dalam belajar bahasa Inggris. Selain itu, guru harus membuat media pembelajaran yang menarik, atau merancang materi pembelajaran yang kreatif untuk menarik perhatian siswa. Di sisi lain, peran keterlibatan orang tua juga penting dalam bidang ini. Hal ini dikarenakan siswa lebih banyak menghabiskan waktunya di rumah. Oleh karena itu, orang tua harus mendukung penuh anak-anaknya, seperti menyediakan smartphone yang sesuai untuk kelas belajar online mereka, juga kouta internet.
Application of Picture Media to Improve Students' English Present Continuous Tense Speaking Ability
Authors: Milati Ni Made
Published: February 2022

The ability to speak English with good and correct pronunciation, accuracy, fluency, and intonation is a challenge for students in forming new knowledge. There are still many students who do not master speaking skills in English. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the application of image media techniques to students' speaking skills in the present continuous tense. This research is descriptive qualitative research. This research was carried out in three cycles, each consisting of two learning cycles or face-to-face. The research subjects were 30 education participants. The method used to collect data is observation, interviews, and tests. The instrument used to collect data is a test question. The data analysis technique used is descriptive qualitative and quantitative analysis. The results showed that students in cycles I, II, and III had an average score which indicated that image media techniques could improve English speaking skills in the present continuous tense. It was concluded that the application of image media could effectively improve the ability to speak English. Picture media can facilitate students in learning English. This finding can also be used as a reference for teachers to improve the speaking learning process.
PENENTUAN KUALITAS AIR SALURAN PEMBUANGAN LIMBAH TAHU DI SUNGAI PENGGING BOYOLALI
Authors: Adi Setia Rahman Rian , Fajriati Imelda
Published: February 2022

Penentuan kualitas air pada Sungai Pengging Boyolali sebagai muara pembuangan limbah tahu telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitias air Sungai Pengging. Analisis meliputi penentuan suhu air contoh, pH, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Disolved Oksigen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), dan Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). Metode pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling yang dilakukan pada 3 titik (titk 1, titik 2 dan titik 3) dengan mengikuti tata cara sampling dan analisis parameter air mengikuti SNI 06- 6989.14-2004 dan SNI 6989.72-2009. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa contoh air pada pengambilan titik 2 relatif memiliki tingkat pencemaran lebih tinggi daripada 2 titik tempat pengambilan contoh air yang lain. Parameter pencemaran pada titik 2 diindikasikan oleh tingginya temperatur air (29,05-30,1 ˚C), nilai TDS (8,33 – 10,95 mg/L), nilai COD dan BOD (71,5 dan 28,2 mg/L), serta nilai DO paling kecil (0,11 – 0,16 mg/L).
ANALISIS KUALITAS AIR TANAH DI KAWASAN PESISIR DESA LABUHAN KERTASARI, SUMBAWA BARAT
Authors: Maria Ulfa Andi , Hilmi Amirul , Rabiatul Adawiah Syarifah
Published: February 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis kualitas air tanah di kawasan pesisir Desa Labuhan Kertasari, Kabupaten Sumbawa Barat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu observasi langsung ke lapangan, dan titik sampel dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling, yaitu sebanyak 40 titik. Analisis kualitas air dilakukan dengan mengukur nilai parameter fisika dan kimia yang meliputi pH, TDS, dan DO. Pengukuruan parameter-parameter penelitian dilakukan secara insitu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kualitas air di Desa Labuhan Kertasari menunjukkan terdapat 7,5% yang termasuk kelas I, sesuai dengan baku mutu air yang ditetapkan, yaitu pada SW25, SW26 dan SW28 dengan nilai TDS berturut-turut: 893 mg/L; 836 mg/L; 904 mg/L, nilai pH berturut-turut: 7,36; 7,25; 7,76 dan nilai DO berturut-turut: 7,2; 6,9; 7,4. Air pada titik sampel S26 memiliki kualitas yang paling baik dari 40 titik sampel.
PSA-seulontatulosten merkityksiä ja tulkintoja maallikkonäkökulmasta
Authors: Jones Marjaana , Pietilä Ilkka
Published: March 2022

Miesten yleisimmän syövän, eturauhassyövän, seulonta ei tällä hetkellä ole osa suomalaista seulontaohjelmaa. Seulonnan laajentamisesta käydään kuitenkin kiivasta keskustelua monessa maassa. Seulonta perustuu verikokeella mitattavaan PSA-arvoon, joka voi indikoida lisätestauksen tarvetta, mutta ei suoraan kerro syövän olemassaolosta. PSA-testituloksilla on kuitenkin lääketieteellinen merkitys diagnosointivaiheessa, hoitojen aikana ja niiden päätyttyä. Terveydenhuollon ammattilaisten lisäksi tuloksilla on oma merkityksensä syöpää sairastavien miesten arjessa, jossa he pyrkivät ennakoimaan sairauden puhkeamista, seuraamaan sen etenemistä ja arvioimaan hoitovastetta. Tässä tutkimuksessa kysymme: 1) Millaisia merkityksiä PSA-testitulokset saavat miesten sairauskertomuksissa? ja 2) Millä tavalla nämä merkitykset vaihtelevat sairauden eri vaiheissa? Aineistomme koostuu eturauhassyövän sairastaneiden miesten yksilöhaastatteluista (n=34). Analyysissä lähestymme haastattelukertomuksia narratiivisen lähestymistavan kautta ja tarkastelemme PSA-arvoille annettuja merkityksiä sekä testitulosten nivoutumista osaksi sairauden ajallista kulkua. Testituloksilla oli odotetusti merkittävä asema omassa kehossa tapahtuvien muutosten seuraamisessa. Tulosten seuraaminen loi kontrollin tunnetta, mutta saattoi myös aiheuttaa epävarmuutta ja ahdistusta. Tuloksia tulkitessaan miesten täytyi myös pohtia, millaiset muutokset olivat ’normaaleja’ ja mitkä puolestaan kertoivat sairauden etenemisestä tai hoitojen toimivuudesta. Testituloksilla oli merkitystä myös miesten välisessä vuorovaikutuksessa niin yhteenkuuluvuuden luojana kuin erottavana tekijänä. Lisäksi PSA-testauksessa käyminen ja omien testiarvojen tuntemus näyttäytyivät vastuullisena terveyskäyttäytymisenä. Tutkimuksen kautta pyrimme laajentamaan keskustelua seulonnoista ja niiden kautta saatavasta numeerisesta tiedosta nostamalla esiin maallikkonäkemyksiä ja tulkintoja. Tulosten pohjalta nousee esiin tarve tukea miehiä testituloksiin liittyvien epävarmuuksien käsittelyssä sekä huomioida kuinka seulontakäytännöillä on myös sosiaalisia ja moraalisia ulottuvuuksia lääketieteellisten ja taloudellisten ulottuvuuksien lisäksi.
Mitä mielenterveysongelmat ovat ja mikä mielenterveyshoidossa auttaa?
Authors: Bergström Tomi , Tarkka Minna , Vahtola Päivi , Biro Marika , Haaraniemi Timo , Hietasaari Teija , Jussila Kristiina , Karttunen Marianne , Keränen Aino-Elina , Kurtti Mia , Köngäs-Saviaro Päivi , Löhönen Elina , Marttinen Mia , Mäkiollitervo Hannele , Nikanne Patrik , Onkalo Susanna , Pitkänen Heljä , Puotiniemi Tiina , Raudaskoski Katja , Teppola Roosa , Tarkka Minna , Taskila Jyri , Vakkuri Ritva , Valtanen Kari , Yrjänheikki Vilhelmiina , Petäjäniemi Jouni
Published: March 2022

Psykiatriassa on alettu korostaa sellaisten osallistavien tutkimus- ja hoitostrategioiden merkitystä, joilla pyritään huomioimaan mielenterveyspalveluita käyttävien ja heidän läheistensä yksilöllinen avuntarve. Eräs esimerkki on Länsi-Pohjan sairaanhoitopiirin (LPSHP) alueella kehitetty avoimen dialogin hoitomalli, jolla on saavutettu lupaavia hoitotuloksia. On kuitenkin epäselvää, miten malli on juurtunut LPSHP:n psykiatrian palvelujärjestelmään kehityshankkeiden jälkeen. Lisätietoa tarvitaan myös siitä, miten sekä työntekijät että asiakkaat itse näkevät erilaiset hoitokäytännöt ja sen, mistä psykiatrisen hoidon tarve lähtökohtaisesti johtuu. Näihin kysymyksiin pyrimme vastamaan LPSHP:n psykiatrian kyselytutkimuksella, jonka yhtenä tavoitteena on mielenterveyspalveluiden välitön kehittäminen osallistavan tutkimusasetelman keinoin. Kyselyssä työntekijöiltä ja asiakkailta kysytään strukturoidulla kyselylomakkeella, mistä he ajattelevat palvelutarpeen johtuvan ja mitkä asiat ovat hoidossa auttaneet tai voisivat auttaa. Tässä tutkimuksessa raportoidaan kokemuksia kyselytutkimuksen pilotoinnista, joka toteutettiin Keroputaan sairaalan aikuispsykiatrian poliklinikalla. Pilottiin osallistui 12 asiakasta ja 11 työntekijää. Työntekijät kokivat kyselyn läpikäymisen asiakkaiden kanssa hoidonarviollisena tilanteena, joka sopi hyvin arjen mielenterveystyöhön. Joissakin tilanteissa kyselyn koettiin kuitenkin vievän liikaa aikaa. Asiakkaat kokivat kyselyn mielekkäänä, eikä negatiivista palautetta tai haittatapahtumia raportoitu. Sekä työntekijät että asiakkaat katsoivat asiakkaiden palvelutarpeen johtuvan pääasiassa sosiaalisista tekijöistä. Dialogisen hoitokäytännön mukaisesti työntekijät korostivat tarpeenmukaista, kotiin vietävää ja sekä läheisiä että muita viranomaisia osallistavaa hoitokäytäntöä. Asiakkaat korostivat hoitotapaamisten merkitystä ja sitä, että samat tutut työntekijät jatkavat hoidossa mukana. Merkittäviä näkemyseroja ei ilmennyt. Pilotin perusteella työntekijöitä ja asiakkaita osallistava kyselytutkimus on mahdollista toteuttaa osana arjen psykiatrista hoitoa. Tällainen tutkimusasetelma voi itsessään olla hoidollisesti merkityksellinen, ja se tuottaa välitöntä tietoa psykiatrisen hoidon tueksi.
An Ecocritical Reading of Selected Sidays in Baldesco’s Poetic Anthology “Kawit”
Authors: Purcia Erwin Lesbos
Published: March 2022

This paper unpacked and unearthed the ecocritical semantics in the Sidays of Filipino writer, Nemesio “Totoy” Baldesco who is widely recognized for his works in Siday, a form of Philippine poetry known for its distinct use of the Waray language spoken in the provinces of Samar and Leyte. Anchored on the principles of Ecocritical Theory, this paper sought to explore the ecocritical semantics (i.e. the symbolic lines, images, and symbolisms), and environmental meaning present in the six ecological Siday pieces from Baldesco’s poetic anthology. Results show that Baldesco’s Siday pieces contain ecocritical semantics that didactically moralizes people to protect the environment. Furthermore, the Siday pieces also moralize how humans should protect, preserve and conserve the environment. This paper concludes with a discussion on the need to promote and expand literary studies involving local literature in the Philippines.
ANALISIS PEMBELAJARAN DAN PENCAPAIAN PERKEMBANGAN ANAK USIA DINI PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI LEMBAGA PAUD KOTA METRO LAMPUNG
Authors: Arbasari Maya , Noor Marzuki , Sutanto Agus
Published: March 2022

Pandemi Covid-19 yang terjadi di seluruh belahan dunia berdampak serius, pendidikan di semua jenjang telah berhenti belajar tatap muka dan beralih ke sistem pembelajaran online. Akibatnya, perubahan metode pembelajaran yang sangat mendadak, menimbulkan perubahan sistem pembelajaran. Pembelajaran PAUD bersifat holistik dan terpadu, yang mengembangkan semua aspek. Pembelajaran bersifat terpadu dan tidak mengajarkan bidang studi secara terpisah sehingga satu kegiatan dapat menjadi wahana belajar berbagai hal bagi anak. Untuk itu diperlukan upaya guru yang efektif untuk meningkatkan pembelajaran pada masa pandemi Covid-19. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengidentifikasi proses pembelajaran PAUD, mengidentifikasi pencapaian perkembangan anak, dan mendeskripsikan upaya guru untuk meningkatkan pembelajaran pada masa pandemi Covid-19. Desain yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Lembaga PAUD TK Cahaya Bangsa dan TK Aisyiyah Iringmulyo pada masa Pandemi Covid-19 Tahun Pelajaran 2020 – 2021. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik wawancara, observasi, angket dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah pembelajaran untuk masa pademi Covid-19 membuat Kurikulum khusus. Pemilihan metode pembelajaran yang digunakan oleh guru adalah menggunakan metode luring dan daring. Materi pembelajaran yang di pilih oleh guru adalah memberikan peserta didik materi yang tidak memberatkan orangtua dan menyesuaikan lingkungan rumah tinggal dimana alat dan bahan mudah diperoleh. Aplikasi yang digunakan guru PAUD di Kota Metro dalam menyampaikan pembelajaran menggunakan media Whatsapp group (WA), zoom meeting, quizizz dan simple paint. Upaya guru dalam meningkatkan ketercapaian perkembangan anak meliputi enam aspek perkembangan.
PERAN KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN FUNGSI LINGKUNGAN SEKOLAH HIJAU DI TAMAN KANAK-KANAK PERTIWI BANJARKERTAHAYU
Authors: Ariani Maya , Dacholfany M Ihsan , Aminin Sudirman
Published: March 2022

Interaksi anak dengan alam sekitarnya, harus tertata dengan baik agar saling mendukung dan saling menguntungkan. Melalui pembelajaran sekolah hijau di PAUD dapat disosialisasikan menjadi sebuah pembelajaran berbasis ekologi. Pengenalan semenjak dini akan mempunyai efek yang signifikan dari peristiwa yang dialami anak itu mengular dan menjadi bola salju bagi manusia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui peran kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan fungsi lingkungan sekolah hijau di TK Pertiwi Banjarkertahayu kecamatan way pengubuan kabupaten Lampung Tengah. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif. Adapun fokus pada peran kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan fungsi lingkungan sekolah hijau. Metode yang digunakan untuk meningkatkan fungsi lingkungan sekolah Hijau di Taman Kanak kanak. Bagaimana peran kepala sekolah dan apa kendala dan solusi saat melaksakan program kegiatan sekolah hijau. Hasil penelitian diperoleh data: (1) Perencanaan program sekolah hijau dengan baik, (2) Pelaksanaan Implementasi kompetensi kepala sekolah ditinjau dari kompetensi manajerial melalui sub aspek menyusun perencanaan sekolah,  mengembangkan   organisasi,   memimpin   sekolah, mengelola perubahan, menciptakan budaya sekolah, mengelola guru dan staf, mengelola sarana-prasarana, mengelola  hubungan  sekolah  dan  masyarakat, mengelola peserta  didik,  mengelola  pengembangan kurikulum, mengelola keuangan, mengelola ketatausahaan, (3) kompetensi kepala sekolah ditinjau dari aspek kompetensi kewirausahaan melalui sub aspek menciptakan inovasi untuk pengembangan sekolah, bekerja keras untuk mencapai keberhasilan sekolah.