bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of two chemical pretreatments of rice straw for biogas production by anaerobic digestion
Authors: Song Zilin , Yang Gaihe , Guo Yan , Zhang Tong
Published: June 2023

Lignocellulosic biomass is considered the most abundant renewable resource that has the potential to contribute remarkably in the supply of biofuel. Previous studies have shown that chemical pretreatment prior to anaerobic digestion (AD) can increase the digestibility of lignocellulosic biomass and methane yield. In the present study, the effect of rice straw pretreatment using ammonium hydroxide (NH3•H2O) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on the biogasification performance through AD was investigated. A self-designed, laboratory-scale, and continuous anaerobic biogas digester was used for the evaluation. Results showed that the contents of the rice straw, i.e. the lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose were degraded significantly after the NH3•H2O and H2O2 treatments, and that biogas production from all pretreated rice straw increased. In addition, the optimal treatments for biogas production were the 4% and 3% H2O2 treatments (w/w), which yielded 327.5 and 319.7 mL/gVS, biogas, respectively, higher than the untreated sample. Biogas production from H2O2 pretreated rice straw was more favorable than rice straw pretreated with same concentration of ammonia, ranking in the order of 4% ≈ 3% > 2% > 1%. The optimal amount of H2O2 treatment for rice straw biogas digestion is 3% when economics and biogas yields are considered.
Mechanical properties of injection-molded foamed wheat straw filled HDPE biocomposites: The effects of filler loading and coupling agent contents
Authors: Mengeloglu Fatih , Karakuş Kadir
Published: June 2023

This study investigated the effect of filler loading and coupling agent contents on the densities and mechanical properties of injection-molded foamed biocomposites. Biocomposite pellets were manufactured using wheat straw flour, maleic anhydrite grafted polyethylene (MAPE), paraffin wax, and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) with an extrusion process. Pellets and the chemical foaming agent (azodicarbonamide) were dry-mixed and foamed in an injection-molding machine. Densities and mechanical properties of the foamed biocomposites samples were measured and analyzed using central composite design (CCD). The results showed that both filler loading and coupling agent contents affected the density and mechanical properties of foamed biocomposites. Densities in the range of 0.57 to 0.81 gr cm-3 were achieved. Best results were obtained when less than 20% wheat straw flour and 1% coupling agent content were used. The flexural modulus and tensile modulus of foamed biocomposites were improved with increasing filler loading. However, flexural strength, tensile strength, elongation at break, and impact strength values were diminished. The tensile strength of the biocomposites was positively affected by CA contents, but other mechanical properties were not affected by it. Overall, injection molded foamed biocomposites with moderate mechanical properties were produced.
Pulp properties and fiber characteristics of xylanase-treated aspen APMP
Authors: Liu Na , Qin Menghua , Gao Yang , Li Zongquan , Fu Yingjuan , Xu Qinghua
Published: June 2023

It is important to further improve the strength properties of alkaline peroxide mechanical pulp (APMP) in order to extend its applications in more paper grades. In this work, aspen APMP was pretreated by xylanase, and its effect on the improvement of paper strength properties was investigated. The results showed that, for xylanase-pretreated pulp, the tensile, tear and burst indexes were respectively about 14%, 23%, and 18% greater than those of untreated pulp. Meanwhile, the fines content and kink index decreased to some extent with the enzyme treatment. The total carboxyl content, crystallinity index, and water retention value of the pulp was increased significantly, and a higher porosity was observed on the fiber surface. Further investigation revealed that the lignin coverage of the fiber surface decreased from 59.2% to 55.2% after enzyme treatment, and the C1/C2 ratio decreased from 24.4 to 14.4. The improvement of strength properties can be ascribed to the increase in carboxyl groups and crystallinity, and a decrease in fines content and kink index, as well as to the removal of a portion of xylan and lignins from the fiber surfaces.
Assessment of energy and angular dependence of LiF:Mg,Ti dosimeters irradiated in the quantity Hp(0.07)
Authors: Nascimento G. G. , Silva C. R. , Campos V. P. , Campos L. L.
Published: June 2023

Radiation dosimetry has the purpose of quantifying the dose received by the occupationally exposed individual. The device used in this process is called a dosimeter, the dosimeter can be used in different situations, for example, the dosimeter used to quantify the dose received in the fingers is the ring model dosimeter, for the extremity, which is the focus of this work. In Brazil, we still do not have standards for the calibration of extremity dosimeters, therefore, in this work, the CASEC recommendations were used, adapted for extremity dosimetry. For a dosimeter to be used in its respective routine, it must present results within some pre-established limits in reference standards. For this purpose, energy dependence and angular dependence tests were carried out. To calibrate the LiF:Mg,Ti thermoluminescent dosimeters, a phantom rod was used. The phantom rod has the function of simulating the region of interest, in the case of this work, the fingers. The dosimeters were irradiated in the magnitude Hp(0.07), with the doses and energies recommended by the CASEC standard. The aim of this work is to characterize end dosimeters in the ring model with LiF:Mg,Ti detectors.
Resonant and polarization effects in the processes of quantum electrodynamics in a strong magnetic field
Authors:   Institute of Applied Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kholodov R.I. , Novak O.P. ,   Institute of Applied Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Diachenko M.M. ,   Institute of Applied Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: June 2023

The monograph considers resonance and polarization effects in quantum electrodynamics processes that take place in a strong external magnetic field. A method for analyzing spin-polarization effects has been developed. The factorization of process cross-sections in resonant conditions and the representation of these cross-sections in the form of Breit-Wigner are considered. The possibility of testing these effects in modern international projects to test quantum electrodynamics in strong fields is shown. For researchers, teachers, graduate students, and students of physical and physical-technical specialties.
Lithium in the Subsoil of Ukraine. Part 2. Mineralogy of Lithium-Bearing Objects: Quartz
Authors: Pavlyshyn V.I. , Cherniyenko N.M. , Lunova I.M.
Published: June 2023

The second part of the publication "Lithium in the subsoil of Ukraine" highlights the mineralogy of rock-forming quartz from lithium-bearing objects of Ukraine: chamber pegmatites of the Korosten pluton, Perzhansky ore district, rare-metal granites and pegmatites of the Azov region, rare-metal pegmatites of the Inhulsky megablock, hydrothermalites of the Nagolny Ridge (Donetsk basin). In all these objects, quartz is characterized mostly from the point of view of its typomorphic value. The conclusion was as follows: the habit of quartz crystals has a typomorphic value, but cannot be described for all genetic situations by one simple scheme of the evolution of simple forms; so the main typomorphic information is "hidden" in the middle of quartz crystals. Point defects of its crystal structure are of greatest importance, primarily Al-O– centers and hydrogen defects, which are the most common in the mineral. They are best studied in crystals of chambered pegmatites and hydrothermal veins of the Nagolny ridge. The dependence of these defects on the action of external factors has been clarified. In particular, in chambered pegmatites, in contrast to crystal-bearing veins, a paradox occurs: with a decrease in the temperature of quartz growth, which is accompanied by an increase in the concentration (activity) of Li in the environment of mineralization, the number of lithium-hydrogen defects in the late zones of quartz decreases. It is assumed that in productive pegmatites this is due to the competing action of lithium micas — the main Li absorbers, the role of which increased with a decrease in the temperature of the solutions and an increase in their pH. In the quartz of rare-metal pegmatites, a high concentration of Al-Li centers has been established, which reaches a maximum in the quartz of the central zones and is therefore a criterion for the degree of differentiation of pegmatites. The luminescent properties of quartz from the petalite pegmatites of the Inhulsky megablock, caused by superimposed metasomatic processes and metamorphism, are unusual.
Composition of Chemical Elements and Ion Exchange Complex of Acid- and Alkali-Modified Natural Zeolites From the Sokyrnytsky Deposit
Authors: Shabalin B.H. , Yaroshenko K.K. , Mitsiuk N.B.
Published: June 2023

Natural zeolites are abundant and inexpensive resources. They are crystalline hydrated aluminosilicates with a framework structure that has pores and channels occupied by water, alkali, and alkaline earth cations. Having high cation exchange capacity, acting as a molecular sieve, natural zeolites have been widely utilized in recent decades as adsorbents in separation and purification processes. Modification of natural zeolite increases its adsorption capacity of environmental pollutants, in particular, radionuclides from low-level liquid radioactive waste. The article presents results obtained from a study of the chemical composition of the structural elements and ion exchange complexes of natural, acid-modified and alkali-modified zeolites from the Sokyrnytske deposit. The main rock-forming mineral of the Sokyrnytske zeolite is clinoptilolite. The zeolite was modified by a 5.5 M HCl solution for 2 hours at 100 oC using a backflow condenser. The ratio of solid to liquid phases was 1:2. For alkaline modification, 1.4 M NaOH solution was used. The exposure time was 2.75 hours. The conditions and phase ratio were similar to those in acidity modification. By composition of the ion exchange complex, natural zeolite belongs to potassium-calcium-sodium (K > Ca > Na) clinoptilolites. In the process of acidity and alkaline modification of the natural zeolite, redistribution of the exchangeable cations is observed and the content of structural cations in the clinoptilolite lattice changes. In alkali-modified zeolite, the content of exchangeable Na and Ca cations increases, and the content of K and structural Al cations decreases. In the acid-modified zeolite, the number of exchangeable Na, Mg, Ca, K cations decreases. At the same time, the content of Fe and Al decreases and the relative amount of Si in the lattice increases. The Si/Al ratio increases in the following succession: natural zeolite → alkali-modified zeolite → acid-modified zeolite. The specific surface area of the modified zeolites increases compared to the natural ones. The largest increase is observed for the acid-modified zeolite. The textural characteristics and mineral composition of the studied samples indicate that the natural, acid-modified and alkali-modified zeolites from the Sokyrnytske deposit may be used for removal of radionuclides from low-level liquid radioactive waste.
TAX4U Pilot Trial: Addressing Material Needs in the Pediatric Hospital Setting
Authors: van den Heuvel Meta , Zaffar Nusrat , Shah Bindra , Brownstone David , Birken Catherine S.
Published: June 2023

OBJECTIVE

Interventions to address poverty and food insecurity in pediatric hospital care have been scarce. Access to government support is based on the completion of taxes. Medical-financial partnerships are defined as novel cross-sector collaborations in which health care systems and financial service organizations work collaboratively to improve health by reducing financial stress. The objective of our pilot study was to assess the feasibility of implementing a “free tax service” within a pediatric academic hospital setting.

METHODS

A pilot randomized controlled trial “TAX4U” was conducted from November 2020 until April 2021 in the general inpatient setting of an academic pediatric hospital. Eligible families were randomly assigned to receive either “free tax services” according to the Canada Revenue Agency-funded Community Volunteer Income Tax Program (CVITP) or “care as usual.”

RESULTS

A total of 140 caregivers filled in the 8-question recruitment survey. We found that 101 (72%) families were not eligible to participate in the study. Reasons for ineligibility were not meeting CVITP criteria (n = 59, 58%), already filed tax (n = 25, 25%), and families did not sign the consent form (n = 17, 17%). Thirty-nine families were randomly assigned, with 20 (51.3%) families assigned to the intervention and 19 (48.7%) families receiving care as usual. Ultimately, 7 (35%) families received the tax intervention.

CONCLUSIONS

Offering free tax services may be feasible and reached vulnerable families in a pediatric hospital setting; however, the inclusion criteria of the CVITP program did not meet the needs of caregivers. Further research should explore offering a full-scope medical-financial partnership that meets the needs of low-income families in a hospital setting.
Safety and Tolerability of V114 Pneumococcal Vaccine in Infants: A Phase 3 Study
Authors: Banniettis Natalie , Horn Michael , Sadarangani Manish , Patel Shrita M. , Greenberg David , Oberdorfer Peninnah , Klein Nicola P. , Rupp Richard , Dagan Ron , Richmond Peter , Lumley Jessie , Zhou Wei , Shi Yaru , Tamms Gretchen , Feemster Kristen , Lupinacci Robert , Musey Luwy , Bickham Kara ,   V114-031 (PNEU-LINK) study group
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality in children. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) are well tolerated and effective at reducing pneumococcal disease caused by vaccine serotypes. VAXNEUVANCE (V114) is a 15-valent PCV containing 13 serotypes in Prevnar 13 (PCV13), plus serotypes 22F and 33F. This large phase 3 study evaluated safety and tolerability of V114 in infants.

METHODS

In total, 2409 infants were randomized to receive V114 or PCV13 at 2, 4, 6, and 12 to 15 months of age. Safety was evaluated as the proportion of participants with adverse events (AEs). Solicited and unsolicited injection-site and systemic AEs were collected for 14 days after each study vaccination, and serious AEs up to 6 months after the last PCV dose.

RESULTS

The proportions of participants with injection-site, systemic, vaccine-related, and serious AEs were generally comparable between recipients of V114 and PCV13. The most frequently reported AEs were solicited, with irritability and somnolence being the most frequent in both groups. Although the incidence of some AEs was higher in the V114 group, the between-group differences were small. The majority of experienced AEs were of mild-to-moderate intensity and lasted ≤3 days. There were 2 vaccine-related serious AEs of pyrexia in the V114 group, and 2 nonvaccine-related deaths, 1 in each group. No participant discontinued study vaccine because of AEs.

CONCLUSIONS

V114 is well tolerated and has a generally comparable safety profile to that of PCV13. These study results support routine use of V114 in infants.
Clinical and Radiographic Predictors of Successful Coronary Angiography Through Right Radial Artery Access
Authors: Elfar Sohil , Onsy Ahmed , Farouk Mohamed Amr
Published: June 2023

Background: One of the limitations of the right radial access approach is complex vessel anatomy, such as subclavian tortuosity. Several clinical predictors have been proposed for tortuosities, such as older age, female sex and hypertension. In this study, we hypothesised that chest radiography would add predictive value to the traditional predictors. Methods: This prospective blinded study included patients who underwent transradial access coronary angiography. They were classified into four groups according to difficulty: Group I, Group II, Group III and Group IV. Different groups were compared according to clinical and radiographic characteristics. Results: The study included 108 patients (54, 27, 17 and 10 patients in Groups I, II, III and IV, respectively). The rate of crossover to transfemoral access was 9.26%. Age, hypertension and female sex were associated with a greater difficulty and failure rates. Regarding radiographic parameters, a higher failure rate was associated with a higher diameter of the aortic knuckle (Group IV, 4.09 ± 1.32 cm versus Groups I, II and III combined, 3.26 ± 0.98 cm; p=0.015) and the width of the mediastinum (Group IV, 8.96 ± 2.88 cm versus Groups I, II and III combined, 7.28 ± 1.78 cm; p=0.009). The cut-off value for prominent aortic knuckle was 3.55 cm (sensitivity 70% and specificity 67.35%) and the width of mediastinum was 6.59 cm (sensitivity 90% and specificity 42.86%). Conclusion: Radiographic prominent aortic knuckle and wide mediastinum are valuable clinical parameters and useful predictors for transradial access failure caused by tortuosity of the right subclavian/brachiocephalic arteries or aorta.
Entre o Perdão e o Testemunho
Authors: Lessa Filho Ricardo , Vieira Frederico
Published: June 2023

O presente artigo aproxima algumas concepções filosóficas acerca do perdão e do testemunho à experiência fílmica de Vann Nath, um pintor e sobrevivente do genocídio cambojano perpetrado pelo Khmer Vermelho entre 1975 e 1979. Nath que é o fio condutor do documentário S21 – A máquina da morte do Khmer Vermelho (2003), de Rithy Pahn, cuja narrativa propõe um confronto entre vítimas e vitimários, todos expostos igualmente, sem pré-julgamentos. Na obra a figura de Vann Nath parece ofertar vida ao impossível: um gesto de perdão e reconciliação face a face com os perpetradores. S21 tematiza as pinturas de Nath, imagens reminiscentes aqui compreendidas como marcas do testemunho do genocídio, na medida em que retratam de forma singular as torturas e violações impostas aos cidadãos do Camboja feitos prisioneiros àquela época; mas não só, atualizam, no presente, a confrontação com o genocídio enquanto fissura inesquecível, (im)perdoável.
projeto ético-político de bell hooks para a educação
Authors: Machado Lucas Antunes , Krieger Grossi Patrícia
Published: June 2023

O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir o pensamento da escritora, educadora e ativista feminista bell hooks em suas articulações com o campo da educação. Mais especificamente, nos debruçamos sobre o que denominamos como projeto ético-político da intelectual para a educação, com ênfase nas contribuições de seu pensamento e obras para o campo da Educação em Direitos Humanos. Resgatou-se o debate teórico e conceitual a partir de recentes obras da autora traduzidas para a língua portuguesa. O debate teórico e conceitual de bell hooks está organizado da seguinte forma no texto: (a) contribuições do pensamento feminista para uma educação antirracista e antissexista; (b) a educação como prática de liberdade como pista para a produção de pedagogias engajadas em salas de aula multiculturais; e (c) o amor como ethos fundante de uma educação comunitária democrática e como prática de liberdade. A obra de bell hooks aponta para a importância da educação como ato político que desvele as mazelas e entraves, doravante a ideologia de supremacia branca, para uma sociedade mais justa e democrática. Para isso, lança mão de uma análise interseccional e de uma prática comunitária de cuidado e autorrealização no campo da educação.
Indicadores qualitativos da argumentação dialógica:
Authors: Lima Valderez Marina do Rosário , Duarte Brandolt Borges Thelma
Published: June 2023

A presente pesquisa movimentou-se em direção ao desenvolvimento da argumentação dialógica no ensino e na aprendizagem em Ciências. Com caráter teórico,  o estudo reuniu e articulou referenciais que, analisados por meio da Análise Textual Discursiva, receberam nova conformação interpretativa, de elaboração própria. O delineamento proposto objetivou construir indicadores qualitativos para acompanhar o  desenvolvimento da argumentação dialógica em aulas de Ciências. Destaca-se como questão de pesquisa a ser respondida: Que indicadores expressam  o  desenvolvimento da argumentação dialógica no ensino de Ciências? Resultaram como indicadores a serem valorizados na argumentação dialógica: a problematização do conhecimento; o incentivo à participação discente; a análise das informações iniciais emergentes; a solicitação e exploração de justificativas, contrapontos e objeções; a realização de encaminhamentos para continuidade do processo argumentativo; a sistematização das discussões; a reflexão sobre os processos; e a análise dos conhecimentos reconstruídos.
Astilleros y canoas en la Ciénaga Grande: etnografía náutica sobre la cultura anfibia del Morro/Nueva Venecia (Colombia)
Authors: Nieva Sanz Daniel M.
Published: June 2023

Abrazado por las extensas aguas cenagosas en el norte de la actual Colombia, se ubica el poblado palafítico del Morro o Nueva Venecia, hábitat de una comunidad de pescadores y canoeros aún portadores de un extraordinario saber material e inmaterial de tradición indígena. La presente investigación con perspectiva náutica se centra en la localización y registro de las últimas canoas monóxilas, en uso o abandono, y la labor artesanal de los carpinteros que sobreviven en un periodo de avanzada transición hacia la fibra de vidrio. Asimismo, se evalúa tanto la funcionalidad material como el valor simbólico de la canoa en el seno de una comunidad cuasi aislada y castigada ocasionalmente por la violencia y la precariedad. Para ello, se desarrolla una metodología marcada por la transdisciplinariedad que combina etnografía, etnohistoria y arqueología náutica, a fin de evaluar la continuidad de la navegación tradicional en la región. El hallazgo y registro de las últimas canoas monóxilas en contexto y la memoria de su construcción y remiendo constituyen resultados de gran relevancia para el estudio de la navegación de tradición indígena en la cuenca del Magdalena y las ciénagas adyacentes.
El derecho a la ciudad y la recuperación de plusvalias urbanas: una aproximación a la temática en el contexto de la nueva agenda urbana
Authors: Bermúdez López Roberto
Published: June 2023

En este texto se pasa revista al desarrollo histórico del concepto de Derecho a la ciudad desde sus orígenes, en el campo de la sociología, hasta su proceso de incorporación en el marco jurídico de algunos países en el mundo, entre los que se encuentra Nicaragua. Asimismo, se identifican las características particulares de este derecho: sus alcances, su vinculación con los derechos humanos. Y se explica su ubicación dentro de la tipología de derechos colectivos y difusos. Al finalizar, se señala la importancia que el Derecho tributario y el Derecho urbanístico asumen en la aplicación del Derecho a la ciudad, señalando la figura de la recuperación de plusvalías urbanas, como instrumento de obtención de recursos que hagan posible la materialización de este último.
Derechos constitucionales vs. Poder público: El sacrificio constitucional de la inviolabilidad de los derechos fundamentales
Authors: Pignatelli Nicola
Published: June 2023

Aborda la tensión existente entre la inviolabilidad de los derechos fundamentales y el ejercicio del poder público. Propone como necesario una relativización del carácter absoluto de la inviolabilidad e inderogabilidad de los derechos fundamentales, para un adecuado funcionamiento del poder público, que es el que finalmente puede garantizar los derechos.
PAPEL DEL JURISTA HOY Y LA NECESIDAD DE REPENSAR SU FORMACIÓN
Authors: Loschiavo Luca , Antillón Montealegre Walter
Published: June 2023

Analiza la crisis del papel del jurista en Italia. En primer lugar, aborda las razones por las que la carrera de derecho ha perdido atractivo. De seguido analiza como el jurista fue expulsado de la “sala de control” del Estado, limitando su papel al de consultor técnico externo. Finalmente, contrapone el papel del jurista como un técnico que se impuso en la segunda mitad del siglo XX (lógica dentro de la cual el Derecho más que un sistema de contrapesos, deviene en instrumento para legitimar posiciones de fuerza), con el del jurista como intelectual, capaz de leer los rápidos cambios de la sociedad y proponer soluciones para la construcción y el sostenimiento de la civitas. Por último, se proponen una serie de estrategias en la formación de los juristas, para lograr que cumplan dicho papel.
PROTECTION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE AND THE ROLE OF CULTURE IN PROMOTING EUROPEAN INTEGRATION
Authors: Torta Giula , Tripo Francesco
Published: June 2023

This article analyzes the legal protection of cultural heritage, and the role of cultural heritage, in the promotion of integration into the European Union. Within the legal field, the notion culture derived from the preamble of the UNESCO Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity is considered as a fundamental norm; which is contrasted from the perspective of International Law, and subsequently, under the legal framework of the European Union, in order to understand the role of culture in promoting integration within the European Union.
PROBLEMA DE LOS HURTOS DE POCA MONTA EN CORPORACIONES DE GRAN PODER ECONÓMICO
Authors: Cordero Campos Farid
Published: June 2023

En este artículo se analiza la jurisprudencia de la Sala Tercera de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de Costa Rica, respecto a la judicialización de sustracciones de bienes de exiguo valor, en las cuales la parte ofendida está conformada por compañías de gran poder económico, desde la perspectiva postpositivista. Tal análisis parte del abordaje de la argumentación meramente judicial, por lo cual, el objeto de estudio radica en las sentencias más importantes que ha dictado el más alto tribunal penal de Costa Rica en la materia.
LA COMISIÓN INSTRUCTORA INSTITUCIONAL A SUS DIEZ AÑOS
Authors: Gamboa Gamboa Adrián , Vidaurre Fallas Germán
Published: June 2023

La peculiaridad en el procedimiento disciplinario implementado por la Universidad de Costa Rica para investigar y sancionar las faltas cometidas por docentes en régimen académico, tiene como punto medular el funcionamiento de la Comisión Instructora Institucional, al punto que la toma de decisiones por parte sus miembros, tiene injerencia directa en la comunidad universitaria. Por esto, a diez años de su creación es preciso analizar la importancia y trascendencia de este órgano de instrucción, todo en pro de su constante perfeccionamiento y de su necesidad en la vida universitaria.
LA CONVENCIÓN INTERAMERICANA SOBRE LA PROTECCIÓN DE LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS DE LAS PERSONAS MAYORES EN LA JURISPRUDENCIA DE LA SALA CONSTITUCIONAL DE COSTA RICA
Authors: Miranda Bonilla Haideer
Published: June 2023

La presente investigación analiza la aplicación que le ha dado la Sala Constitucional de Costa Rica a la Convención Interamericana sobre la Protección de los Derechos Humanos de las Personas Mayores incluso antes de su ratificación por parte de la Asamblea Legislativa.
El Agotamiento de la Vía Administrativa en el Derecho Administrativo Moderno
Authors: Rojas Ortega Alex
Published: June 2023

En el 2006, la Sala Constitucional declaró como facultativo el agotamiento de la vía administrativa, salvo en dos materias específicas: Municipal y contratación administrativa. Sin embargo, a la fecha, bajo el ordenamiento jurídico administrativo moderno, el agotamiento de la vía administrativa debe entenderse como optativo o facultativo siempre, en todos los supuestos, sin distinción, en franca defensa de los intereses subjetivos de los justiciables.
Partial leucistic Gabar Goshawk Micronisus gabar in Bethlehem, Free State
Authors: Potgieter Martin
Published: June 2023

A partially leucistic Gabar Goshawk Micronisus gabar was photographed in a residential garden in Bethlehem, Free State, on 27 March 2023.
Influencia de la altitud en la morfología y peso de las almendras de cacao en el departamento Norte de Santander, Colombia
Authors: Nuñez-Rodríguez José de Jesús , González-Verjel May Stefanny , Ramírez-Novoa Luisa Lorena , Carvajal-Rodríguez Julio César
Published: June 2023

La producción de cacao es un tema ampliamente estudiado por los investigadores, no obstante, el comportamiento del rendimiento y características de las almendras en diferentes pisos altitudinales evidencia en la literatura científica publicada un escaso abordaje. El objetivo de la investigación fue establecer la relación entre la morfología y peso   de las almendras de cacao (Theobroma cacao, L) en relación a 6 gradientes altitudinales, desde los 0 hasta los 1.200 m. s.n.m., en el departamento Norte de Santander (Colombia). En cada gradiente se seleccionaron al azar 5 fincas y analizaron las cosechas 2019 y 2020, para un total de 60 observaciones. Por muestra se determinaron los pesos y el porcentaje de cascarillas en 100 almendras secas (n=100) y; la morfología (largo, ancho y espesor) en 20 almendras secas (n=20). Los datos se analizaron con estimadores estadísticos descriptivos, análisis de la varianza y pruebas de Tukey. El estudio determinó una relación positiva entre la altitud, el peso y la morfología de las almendras al obtenerse los mayores valores en el gradiente de 801-1000 m. s.n.m. (147,47 g ± 10,36 g) y; menores entre los 0-200 m.s.n.m. (130,6 g ± 17,40 g); en la morfología de las almendras el gradiente de 801-1000 m.s.n.m. obtuvo mayores volúmenes promedios (2,766 cm3) y el gradiente de 201-400 m.s.n.m. valores más bajos (2,452 cm3). El porcentaje de cascarilla evidenció una relación inversamente proporcional con respecto a la altitud con valores bajos en el gradiente de 801-1000 m.s.n.m. (11,08% ± 0,79%) y altos entre los 201-400 m.s.n.m. (14,05% ± 0,92%)
Fetal Exposure to Risky Drugs: Analysis of Antenatal Clinic Prescriptions in a Nigerian Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Onah Paul Otor , Idoko Catherine Chioma , Abdulateef Siyaka
Published: June 2023

Objective: To assess fetal outcomes after in-utero exposure to unsafe drugs.Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study using data from medical records of pregnant women who received antenatal care over a two-year period (2019/2020). Inclusion was based on identification of prescription of potentially risky medications during pregnancy. Medication records, as well as delivery data, were extracted for analysis. The Australian drug evaluation committee classification system of risky medications was used for analysis.Results: Results showed that 44 – 65% of medicines prescribed in pregnancy carry significant risks to fetal wellbeing. Fetal outcomes showed high levels of low birth weight, still birth, and early neonatal death. The common medicines prescribed irrationally in pregnancy were, among others, antibiotics, ACEIs, NSAIDs, Biguanides, and opiates, all of which are associated with adverse fetal outcomes.Conclusion: There is a high level of fetal exposure to risky medications and adverse delivery outcomes. There is a need to improve prescription through prescriber training and awareness raising on existing guidelines on good prescribing practice for pregnant women.
Clinical Profile of Mucormycosis during the Second Wave of COVID-19 in a Tertiary Care Center in India
Authors: Kunhiparambath Sunil Kumar , Oommen Beena , Keeriyatt Govindan Sajeeth Kumar , Nair Karichery Shilpa , Madayambath Sagesh
Published: June 2023

Objective: To study the clinical profile and treatment outcome of mucormycosis associated with the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: An observational study was conducted in a tertiary care center over a period of 12 months, including a 6-month post treatment follow up. Study included all COVID positive patients with a clinical and radiological evidence of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis during the second wave of COVID-19. All patients underwent further diagnostic workup and confirmed cases underwent surgical debridement and Amphotericin B was started.Results: A total of 59 patients presented with mucormycosis with the mean age being 52.7 years and unilateral facial and orbital edema as the most common symptoms (28.8%). All were diabetic with HbA1c >7 in 54.2%. The mean duration of presentation was 20.7±7.9 days from the onset of COVID-19 infection. Unilateral involvement of the paranasal sinuses was the most common finding in MRI. Early administration of Amphotericin B with prompt surgical debridement was performed in all cases. Orbital exenteration was conducted in nine patients for better fungal load clearance. Patients showed a good response to surgical debridement and prompt medical treatment, with a mortality rate of 27%.Conclusion: COVID-19 associated mucormycosis is difficult to treat and often presents in late stage. Uncontrolled diabetes, immunocompromised state, and steroid-induced immunosuppression were important risk factors. A close surveillance for early identification and initiation of treatment is mandatory. Repeated surgical debridement to clear the dead tissue is effective to control fungal load.
TOTAL INTRAVENOUS ANESTHESIA COMBINED WITH SUB-TENON BLOCK IN VITRECTOMY OPERATION WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE ON REGULAR HEMODIALYSIS
Authors: Lubis Andriamuri Primaputra , Masharto Alegra Rifani
Published: June 2023

Vitrektomi adalah operasi mata untuk mengangkat bagian vitreous body. Hingga saat ini berbagai teknik anestesi tengah dikembangkan untuk mencapai kondisi teknik anestesi ideal. Teknik anestesi kombinasi general anesthesia dengan blok subtenon pada operasi vitrektomi memiliki potensi yang bagus untuk mengurangi nyeri pascaoperasi, mengurangi insiden refleks okulokardiak dan mengurangi jumlah penggunaan analgesia. Pada laporan ini, dilaporkan pasien laki-laki berusia 40 tahun dengan keluhan penglihatan kabur pada mata kanan sejak tiga bulan yang lalu. Pasien memiliki riwayat hipertensi, diabetes melitus tipe II, dan memiliki riwayat penggunaan heparin. Pasien didiagnosis non-closing vitreous hemorrhage. Pasien direncanakan dilakukan vitrektomi dengan general anesthesia yang dikombinasikan dengan blok subtenon. Selama operasi tidak terjadi perubahan hemodinamik yang bermakna. Keberhasilan teknik anestesi kombinasi ini ditunjukkan oleh hemodinamik yang stabil selama operasi. Teknik anestesi kombinasi pada pasien dengan komorbid yang menjalani vitrektomi seperti pada kasus ini dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai pilihan pada pengelolaan kasus sejenis di masa yang akan datang.
Intubasi Fiber Optic pada Pasien Anak dengan Syngnathia dan Pseudoankylosis Sendi Temporomandibular : Laporan Kasus
Authors: Mahmud Hafizh Budhiman , Giwangkancana Gezy Weita , Lestari Ayu Puji
Published: June 2023

Manajemen jalan napas pada pasien anak dengan malformasi kraniofasial merupakan tantangan karena sulit dilakukan. Laporan kasus ini bertujuan menjelaskan manajemen anestesi pada pasien anak dengan syngnathia anterior dan pseudoankilosis temporomandibular. Seorang anak perempuan berusia 2 tahun dengan diagnosis syngnathia segmen anterior dan pseudoankilosis temporomandibular dijadwalkan untuk operasi elektif. Intubasi fiber optic dilakukan pada pernapasan spontan (spontaneous breathing) melalui insuflasi menggunakan perangkat jalan napas nasofaring yang dimodifikasi. Dilakukan teknik “spray-as-you-go” dengan lidokain yang diencerkan dan intubasi nasal menggunakan fiber optic dari saluran hidung kontralateral menggunakan tabung endotrakeal uncuffed ukuran 4,5. Metode intubasi fiber optic dapat berhasil digunakan pada anak dengan malformasi kraniofasial.
Öğretmen Yetiştiriminde Etkili Olan Çatışma Alanları Kapsamında Almanca Öğretmenliği Lisans Programlarının İncelenmesi
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Ayhan Yavuz
Published: June 2023

Bu çalışmada 1998, 2006 ve 2018 yıllarında uygulamaya konulan Almanca öğretmenliği lisans programları ve YÖK’ün 2020 yılında eğitim fakültelerine program oluşturma konusunda yapmış olduğu yetki devri öğretmen yetiştiriminde etkili olan çatışma alanları kapsamında incelenmiştir. Bu sayede söz konusu programlarda yaşanan değişimlerin çatışma alanları kapsamında ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda bahsedilen programlar ve yetki devri kararı ile ilgili ulaşılan kaynaklar doküman incelmesi yöntemi kullanılarak araştırma konusu yapılmıştır. Ulaşılan veriler her bir çatışma alanı çerçevesinde kategorize edilerek ele alınmıştır. Araştırma sonucu elde edilen bulgular özetle şunladır: (1) Almanca öğretmenliği lisans programlarının oluşturulması ile ilgili yapılan düzenlemeler giderek filolojik alan bilgisine daha az ağırlık verilmesi, pedagojik alan bilgisine ve pedagoji bilgisine daha fazla önem verilmesi yönündedir. (2) 1998 ve 2006 yıllarındaki programlarda kuramsal derslerin bazılarına uygulama saati eklenmiştir. 2018 yılında bir ders dışında uygulama saatleri kaldırılmış, bu durum derslerin hem kuramsal hem de uygulama odaklı gerçekleştirilmesi gereksinimini ortaya çıkarmıştır. (3) Ulaşılan bir diğer sonuca göre yapılan program değişikliklerinde teknisyen öğretmen anlayışı giderek önemini yitirmiş ve uzman öğretmen yetiştirme anlayışı ön plana konulmuştur. Ancak bazı düzenlemeler Almanca öğretmeni adaylarını ve öğretmenlerini teknisyen öğretmen anlayışını benimsemeye yöneltmektedir. Bu konuyla ilgili olarak farklı kademeler arası geçiş, öğretmenlerin yetiştirilmesi ve atanması gibi süreçlerin birbirine daha iyi şekilde entegre edilmesinin nitelikli Almanca öğretmeni yetiştirimini etkileyen önemli bir nokta olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. (4) Son yapılan program düzenlemeleri ile standardizasyon ağırlıklı programlar yerine ortak amaçlara yönelik ve çeşitlilik anlayışına ağırlık veren programların oluşturulması yolunun tercih edildiği belirlenmiştir. Almanca öğretmeni adaylarının mesleki becerilerinin belirli standartlara erişmesi ve öğretim sürecini çeşitlendirebilen ve koşullara göre bu süreci öğrenciler için verimli hale getirebilen öğreticiler olarak yetiştirilmesi söz konusu program düzenlemelerinin hedefleri arasında yer almaktadır.
Nüfus ile Kişi Başına Düşen GSYH İlişkisi: Türkiye’nin 2000’li Yıllarının Değerlendirmesi
Authors: OĞUZTİMUR Senay
Published: June 2023

Yüzyılı aşkın zamandır nüfusun ekonomi üzerindeki etkilerini konu alan araştırmalar yapılmaktadır. Bu araştırmalar sonucunda, nüfus ile ekonomik büyüme etkileşiminin iki yönlü mü tek yönlü mü olduğu, hatta olup olmadığı konusunda bir uzlaşıya varılamamıştır. Özetle, ekonomik büyüme ve nüfusun birbirlerini nasıl etkilediğine dair literatürde görüş birliği yoktur. Ancak bilimsel çalışmalarda üç ana görüş üzerinde uzlaşıldığı görülmüştür: (I) Nüfus artışı, ekonomik gelişmeyi olumsuz etkiler, (II) Nüfus artışı, ekonomik gelişmeyi olumlu etkiler, (III) Nüfus artışı ekonomik gelişmeyi ne olumlu ne de olumsuz etkiler. Bu makalenin amacı, literatürde rastlanan bu olgunun ülkemizde nasıl karşılık bulduğunu ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaçla araştırmanın hipotezi: “Türkiye’de illerin nüfusunun büyüklüğü ile kişi başına düşen GSYH arasında ilişki yoktur” olarak saptanmıştır. İki aşamalı olarak tasarlanan çalışmanın ilk aşamasında, nüfus ve gelir verilerini mekansallaştırmak için basit indeks yönteminden yararlanılmıştır. İkinci aşamasında ise, 2004 yılından 2020 yılına kadar dörder yıllık periyotla 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016 ve 2020 yılları için karşılaştırmalı analizleri yapılmıştır. Ülkemizde il nüfusları ile kişi başına düşen GSYH arasında bir ilişki, ki-kare bağımsızlık testi yöntemiyle test edilmiştir. Test sonuçlarına göre, Türkiye’deki durum tam olarak literatürü doğrular niteliktedir. 2004 ve 2008 yıllarında, nüfusun büyüklüğü ile kişi başına düşen GSYH değeri arasında ilişki vardır. 2012 yılı verileri tam olarak sınır değer ile ilişkiye işaret etmektedir. Aslında bir anlamda “ilişki ne var ne de yok denilebilir” görüşünün karşılığıdır. 2016 ve 2020 yılları verileri ise; nüfusun büyüklüğü ile kişi başına düşen GSYH değeri arasında ilişki olmadığını söylemektedir. Bu sonuçlar; konunun çok yönlü, yerelin bağlamsallığı ile açıklanabilir olduğuna işaret etmektedir. Ülkemiz şehirlerinin dengesiz nüfus dağılımı, ekonomilerine de yansımaktadır.
TRANSFORMAÇÕES DO MOVIMENTO SECUNDARISTA NA CONSOLIDAÇÃO DA APRENDIZAGEM FLEXÍVEL ATRAVÉS DA CONTRARREFORMA DO ENSINO MÉDIO
Authors: Paz Laura Helena Guedes , Zambon Luciana Bagolin
Published: June 2023

Diante de um quadro de reorientação estratégica decorrente de uma nova configuração do bloco político hegemônico brasileiro dada a partir do golpe institucional de 2016, novas políticas educacionais se consolidam através da Contrarreforma do Ensino Médio (Lei nº 13.415/2017). Ao analisar os antecedentes e principais desdobramentos destas políticas, investiga-se seus impactos sobre a auto-organização estudantil secundarista ao articular, em pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, material bibliográfico e empírico. Para tanto, verificou-se a literatura especializada a fim de resgatar os principais fundamentos e objetivos do Novo Ensino Médio. Na análise empírica, realizou-se entrevistas com dirigentes gaúchos de organizações juvenis de destacada intervenção junto às entidades estudantis secundaristas, na expectativa de compreender a leitura do movimento a respeito do impacto destas novas políticas sobre suas bases. Utilizando a Teoria Fundamentada, identificaram-se códigos referentes às tendências provocadas pela Contrarreforma que agravam um cenário de refluxo político-organizativo anterior, contribuindo para a significativa imobilização deste setor frente aos processos de desinvestimento na educação e degradação das condições de vida das juventudes brasileiras.
Contract Scheduling with Predictions
Authors: Angelopoulos Spyros , Kamali Shahin
Published: June 2023

Contract scheduling is a general technique that allows the design of systems with interruptible capabilities, given an algorithm that is not necessarily interruptible. Previous work on this topic has assumed that the interruption is a worst-case deadline that is unknown to the scheduler. In this work, we study new settings in which the scheduler has access to some imperfect prediction in regards to the interruption. In the first setting, which is inspired by recent advances in learning-enhanced algorithms, the prediction describes the time that the interruption occurs. The second setting introduces a new model in which predictions are elicited as responses to a number of binary queries. For both settings, we investigate trade-offs between the robustness (i.e., the worst-case performance of the schedule if the prediction is generated adversarially) and the consistency (i.e., the performance assuming that the prediction is error-free). We also establish results on the performance of the schedules as a function of the prediction error.
Towards Green Automated Machine Learning: Status Quo and Future Directions
Authors: Tornede Tanja , Tornede Alexander , Hanselle Jonas , Mohr Felix , Wever Marcel , Hüllermeier Eyke
Published: June 2023

Automated machine learning (AutoML) strives for the automatic configuration of machine learning algorithms and their composition into an overall (software) solution — a machine learning pipeline — tailored to the learning task (dataset) at hand. Over the last decade, AutoML has developed into an independent research field with hundreds of contributions. At the same time, AutoML is being criticized for its high resource consumption as many approaches rely on the (costly) evaluation of many machine learning pipelines, as well as the expensive large-scale experiments across many datasets and approaches. In the spirit of recent work on Green AI, this paper proposes Green AutoML, a paradigm to make the whole AutoML process more environmentally friendly. Therefore, we first elaborate on how to quantify the environmental footprint of an AutoML tool. Afterward, different strategies on how to design and benchmark an AutoML tool w.r.t. their “greenness”, i.e., sustainability, are summarized. Finally, we elaborate on how to be transparent about the environmental footprint and what kind of research incentives could direct the community in a more sustainable AutoML research direction. As part of this, we propose a sustainability checklist to be attached to every AutoML paper featuring all core aspects of Green AutoML.
Bikes! Camera! Action?: Exploring the Everyday Behaviours of Urban Cycling to Inform Lessons for Infrastructure Planners
Authors: Nurse Alexander , Dunning Richard
Published: June 2023

This paper uses a video-based methodology to explore everyday cycling practices in a city that is not well-known for its cycling provision – namely Liverpool, UK.  By looking at the way everyday commuter cyclists travel through the city we explore the ways in which they use the spaces provided, what they prioritise and, through video testimony, why.  Using Practice Theory to inform our analysis, we suggest that material infrastructure (e.g., clear and consistent signage) and the competences of confidence and understanding are instrumental to the meanings cyclists ascribe to places.  In turn, this can be a limiting factor in how cyclists travel through those spaces.  This is most evident at the end of journeys, as cyclists transition from roads to shared spaces and pedestrianised areas, and can result in some routes which become ‘available’ to some cyclists, but not others.  The paper makes recommendations for transport planners to consider when providing infrastructure for cycling in similar urban contexts.
A keyword network analysis concerning the meanings of tourism transformation and recovery in the COVID-19 pandemic tourism literature
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Leigh Jun-Ahn
Published: June 2023

By focusing on the concepts of ‘transformation’ and ‘recovery,’ this study aims to analyze the new tourism phenomenon caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, existing literature was analyzed to understand how ‘transformation’ and ‘recovery’ differ in their meanings and elements. A total of 718 papers indexed in Web of Science from January 2020 and containing 'transformation, recovery, resilience' along with 'tourism, COVID-19' in the title, author keywords, or abstract were considered. A quantitative research method was used featuring a review of papers and keyword network analysis. From the analysis, it was confirmed that there were relatively clear distinctions in how ‘transformation’ and ‘recovery’ were conceptualized and what keywords were used. Also, words related to ‘transformation’ and ‘recovery’ showed different network structures. However, it was found that many researchers did not consider ‘transformation’ and ‘recovery’ as opposing concepts as they had partially overlapping semantic connections with concepts such as sustainability and resilience. This paper is meaningful for its attempt to unveil how the knowledge system in tourism literature is structured from the perspective of transformation and recovery in the post-pandemic world.