bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERENCANAAN WAKTU PROYEK PEMBANGUNAN GEDUNG KAMPUS I UKI TORAJA DENGAN PRIMAVERA PROJECT PLANNER
Authors: Rangan Parea russan
Published: July 2020

Penjadwalan untuk proyek diawali dengan identifikasi aktivitas dan perhitungan volume pekerjaan berdasarkan data primer dan sekunder. Langkah berikutnya adalah melakukan perhitungan durasi berdasarkan koefisien Standar Nasional Indonesia Tentang Analisa Biaya Pekerjaan Konstruksi. Pengolahan data dengan program Primavera Project Planer versi 3.0 yang mempermudah proses monitoring dan controlling serta mempercepat proses updating selama pelaksanaan dilapangan. Output hasil perencanaan adalah berupa tampilan grafis Barchart & Time schedule yang memperlihatkan aktivitas pekerjaan dalam diagram batang. Schedule Report, yang terdiri dari early start-early finish, late start-late finish. Jaringan Kerja (Network planning) memperlihatkan hubungan saling ketergantungan antar aktivitas pekerjaan yang dihubungkan oleh anak panah dalam kurun waktu kerja yang diprediksikan secara otomatis dengan lebih jelas berikut jalur kritis untuk dimonitor sehingga tidak terjadi keterlambatan. Dengan bantuan program komputer diperoleh hasil waktu pelaksanaan pekerjaan selama 1005 hari dengan penggunaan tenaga kerja sesuai yang tersedia di lapangan.
PENGEMBANGAN APLIKASI KATEGORI RSS (RICH SITE SUMMARY) BERBASIS WEB
Authors: Karnyoto Andrea Stevens
Published: July 2020

Kebutuhan masyarakat Indonesia terhadap informasi sangat besar jika dilihat dari semakin berkembangnya media-media berita online dan semakin banyaknya situs-situs website yang sangat sering melakukan pembaharuan berita. Dibutuhkan fasilitas untuk memberikan kemudahan dalam melakukan klasifikasi kategori berdasarkan kata-kata yang populer sesuai yang terdapat pada Google Trends  agar mempermudah pencari berita membaca berita-berita yang terkait satu dengan yang lainnya baik pada media yang sama maupun lintas media. Metode yang digunakan untuk membuat kategori dengan cara membaca RSS(Rich Site Summary) dan mengelompokkannya berdasarkan kata-kata yang terdapat didalamnya, metode tersebut dieksekusi dengan menjalankan crontab secara berkala sehingga server dapat membaca  RSS dan memprosesnya dan melakukan klasifikasi kategori untuk  seluruh website media yang telah didaftar sebelumnya, medote yang digunakan untuk melakukan klasifikasi kategori adalah menggunakan metode keterkaitan kata antara satu kata dengan kata-kata yang lainnya. Hasil dari proses klafisikasi kategori akan ditampilkan pada halaman website yang menarik dan sistem pencarian yang mudah bagi pengguna.
STUDI FAKTOR PENYEBAB KERUSAKAN DAN TEKNIK PERBAIKAN LAPIS PERMUKAAN ASPAL BETON RUAS JALAN MAKALE – RANTEPAO (Km. 310 + 010 - Km. 322 + 000)
Authors: Masiku Henrianto
Published: July 2020

Jalan Nasional merupakan jalan penghubung antar Kabupaten, dimana jalan ini volume lalu lintasnya sangat padat, khususnya jalan Nasional penghubung kota Makale – Rantepao. Dengan kondisi perkembangan lalu lintas yang tinggi dan berdampak pada perkembangan pengguna jalan Nasional, tampaknya penambahan tinggi permukaan jalan dan perawatan jalan masih diperlukan.

Hasil studi faktor penyebab kerusakan lapis permukaan aspal beton ruas jalan Makale – Rantepao adalah, faktor eksternal yang tidak terkontrol (environment) seperti akibat panas, hujan dan pengaruh lingkungan lainnya, faktor eksternal yang dapat dikontrol, seperti intensitas beban lalu  lintas, faktor internal yang dapat dikontrol, yakni kualitas dari konstruksi jalan itu sendiri. Mengenai kualitas konstruksi jalan ini, dapat dipengaruhi oleh kondisi lapangan, seperti: drainase sekitar jalan, tanah dasar, lapis pondasi agregat, serta lapis permukaan campuran aspal. Dimana teknik perbaikan lapis permukaan aspal beton ruas jalan Makale – Rantepao ini menggunakan teknik perbaikan diantaranya teknik perbaikan fungsional yang meliputi, P1 : Penebaran pasir, P2 : Pengaspalan, P3 : Melapisi retakan, P4 : Mengisi retakan, P5 : Penambalan lubang, P6 : Perataan, teknik perbaikan struktural yakni teknik perbaikan dengan cara Overlay, dimana diperolehtebal lapis permukaan Overlay (Laston MS.744) adalah 4,5 cm, tebal Lapis AUS (Wearing Course) (Laston MS.340) adalah 3 cm, Lapis Perkerasan (Binder Course) adalah 10 cm.
Analisis Perbandingan Efisiensi Biaya Dan Metode Pelaksanaan Konstruksi Jalan Aspal Beton Dengan Rigid Beton
Authors: Bokko Jacob
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini akan membandingkan kedua kontruksi perkerasan dari segi biaya, dan metode pelaksanaan. Aspek biaya merupakan salah satu hal yang mempengaruhi pelaksanaan proyek kontruksi jalan. Oleh sebab itu perlu adanya perencanaan biaya yang baik agar tidak terjadi pemborosan. Perbandingan biaya kontruksi difokuskan pada biaya lapis permukaan dan leveling sepanjang 2.500 m antara aspal beton dengan rigid beton.

Metode penelitian dibagi dalam 3 (tiga) tahap yaitu tahap pertama adalah studi pustaka dan survey awal, tahap kedua adalah pengumpulan data sekunder, dan tahap ketiga adalah analisa hasil dan kesimpulan saran.

Hasil analisis biaya masing – masing kontruksi di atas untuk rigid beton sebesar Rp. 1.713.571.000,00 dan untuk aspal beton sebesar Rp. 2.994.474.000,00. Dengan kelebihan biaya sebesar Rp. 1.280.903.000.00 dari biaya aspal beton dengan nilai Rp. 2.994.474.000,00. Perbedaan dari segi metode pelaksanaan antara metode rigid beton dan metode aspal beton terdapat perbedaan yang mendasar untuk rigid beton tanpa memerlukan pemadatan sedangkan aspal beton membutuhkan proses pemadatan dengan 3 tahap yaitu pemadatan awal, pemadatan antara, pemadatan akhir. Untuk segi waktu pelaksanaan aspal beton hanya 1 bulan 2 minggu pekerjaan dibandingkan rigid beton yang lebih lama pelaksanaan pekerjaan sekitar 2 bulan 3 minggu.
TINJAUAN PERENCANAAN DINDING PENAHAN TANAH (STUDI KASUS : PEMBANGUNAN JALAN KAMPUS II UKI TORAJA)
Authors: Masiku Henrianto
Published: July 2020

Tanah sebagai material konstruksi sekaligus sebagai tanah fondasi dari suatu konstruksi/struktur seperti bendungan urugan, tanggul sungai, tembok penahan, konstruksi pekerjaan jalan, gedung dan jembatan, memerlukan suatu persyaratan tertentu baik dari segi kekuatan maupun ekonomis. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui stabilitas dinding penahan tanah yang stabil terhadap stabilitas penggeseran, penggulingan, dan kapasitas daya dukung pada dinding penahan tanah  tipe gravitasi pada lokasi jalan Kampus II UKI Toraja.

 Penelitian dilakukan dalam beberapa tahapan, yaitu studi literatur, pengumpulan data sekunder, pengambilan sampel tanah di lapangan, pemeriksaan (pengujian) sampel tanah di laboratorium dan metode analisis data. Perhitungan dilakukan terhadap dimensi perencanaan dinding penahan tanah lama dengan yang baru.

Hasil perhitungan stabilitas dinding penahan tanah tipe gravitasi pada pembangunan jalan Kampus II UKI Toraja tidak aman terhadap stabilitas penggeseran (Fgs) sebesar 1,48  1,5, tidak aman terhadap stabilitas penggulingan (Fgl) sebesar 0,81    1,5 , dan juga tidak aman terhadap stabilitas kapasitas daya dukung sebesar 1,74  3. Agar stabilitas dinding penahan tanah aman terhadap geser, guling dan kapasitas daya dukung, lebar pondasi (B) = 1,00.
Literature Review: Arsitektur Sistem Penentuan Posisi di Dalam Ruangan
Authors: Pasinggi Eko
Published: July 2020

Sistem Penentuan Posisi merupakan salah satu sistem yang banyak dikembangkan saat ini. Hal tersebut seiring dengan konsep teknologi masa depan yang menerapkan context-awareness.  Paper ini menyajikan gambaran mengenai beberapa teknik, teknologi dan beberapa contoh sistem yang telah ada saat ini. Disampaikan juga beberapa parameter untuk mengevaluasi sebuah positioning system untuk dapat membandingkan sistem-sistem yang telah ada.
ANALISIS TEGANGAN BENDING DAN STRUKTUR MIKRO STRIP BAMBU PETUNG (DENDROCALAMUS ASPER) AKIBAT PERLAKUAN PERENDAMAN AIR BELERANG DINGIN
Authors: Bethony Frans Robert
Published: July 2020

Pada zaman modern khususnya Indonesia kebutuhan akan material sangat dibutuhkan oleh manusia, khususnya bambu sebagai material baik bahan bangunan maupun bahan kerajinan. Maka dari itu penulis terdorong untuk meneliti dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis tegangan bending dan struktur mikro strip bambu petung (Dendrocalamus asper) akibat perlakuan perendaman air belerang dingin.

Material yang diteliti pada pengujian ini adalah strip bambu petung yang dipotong menjadi 25 sampel, masing-masing terdiri dari 5 sampel yang direndam menggunakan air belerang dingin dengan variasi waktu 1, 2, 3, dan 4 hari untuk pengujian tegangan bending dan struktur mikro. Pada tabel analisis tegangan bending diperoleh nilai rata-rata untuk normal diperoleh nilai tegangan bending rata-ratanya 192 N/mm2, 1 hari diperoleh nilai tegangan bendingnya rata-ratanya 189 N/mm2,  2  hari diperoleh nilai tegangan bendingnya rata-ratanya 214 N/mm2, 3 hari diperoleh nilai tegangan bending rata-ratanya 208 N/mm2, dan 4 hari diperoleh nilai tegangan bendingnya rata-ratanya 267 N/mm2.

Dengan melihat hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin lama waktu perendaman air belerang dingin akan berpengaruh pada tegangan bendingnya selain 1 hari, yaitu nilai tegangan bending tertinggi 267 N/mm2 dan terendah 189 N/mm2 yang diperoleh pada perendaman selama 4 hari dan 1 hari.

Terlihat berbedaan strip bambu petung pada saat sebelum melalui perlakuan hingga mendapat perlakuan dengan perendaman kedalam air belerang selama 1, 2, 3, dan 4 hari. Strip bambu petung tanpa perlakuan terlihat permukaan masih kasar dari warna serat masih terlihat kusam, perbedaan yang terjadi dengan perlakuan perendaman selama 1 hari terlihat warna serat menjadi mulai berbeda warna strip bambu petung mulai berwarna cokelat dan permukaan mulai halus, dan pada  strip bambu petung  dengan perlakuan 2, 3, dan 4 hari perendaman terlihat  warnanya pun  semakin terlihat sangat berbeda dari strip bambu petung tanpa perlakuan. Ini menujukan bahwa semakin lama perendaman akan semakin berpengaruh karena banyak air yang diserap atau yang masuk ke dalam strip dan warnya yang awalnya cerah semakin lama menjadi gelap kecokelatan.
STUDI KARAKTERISTIK KUAT TEKAN DAN TARIK MATERIAL PVA-ECC
Authors: Palembangan Memed Timang
Published: July 2020

Beton merupakan bahan bangunan dan bahan kontruksi yang penggunaannya semakin meningkat tetapi pemenuhan akan bahan baku beton semakin berkurang. Salah satu alternatifnya penggunaan material Polyvinyl Alcohol- enggineered Cementitious Composites (PVA-ECC) dengan cara mengganti sebagian agregat halus dengan limbah abu terbang  yang diambil dari sisa-sisa hasil  pembakaran batu bara serta dengan penambahan serat PVA. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui nilai kuat tekan, nilai modulus elastisitas material PVA-ECC dengan limbah abu terbang sebagai pengganti sebagian agregat halus. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimental. Benda uji berupa kubus dengan ukuran 50 mm x 50 mm x 50 mm. Mutu  yang ditargetkan adalah 50 Mpa (45 5 Mpa) dengan komposisi rasio berat campuran semen 1, fly ash 1.2 pasir 0.8 , air 0.56 , HRWR 0.012 , serta PVA 2% dari total berat campuran. Pengujian kuat tekan dan modulus elastisitas material PVA-ECC dilakukan pada umur 7,14 dan 28 hari. Nilai kuat tekan pada material PVA-ECC mengalami peningkatan sebanding dengan umur. Nilai kuat tekan rata-rata pada umur 7 hari dengan berat sampel 0.258 kg adalah 33,9 Mpa, sementara kuat tekan pada umur 14 hari berat sampel 0.259 kg adalah 39,0 Mpa serta kuat tekan pada umur 28 hari diperoleh 44,6 Mpa dengan berat sampel 0.260 kg. Hasil tersebut diperoleh nilai modulus elastisitas pada umur 7 hari  18763,02 MPa, pada umur 14 hari nilai modulus elastisitasnya 20788,80 MPa , serta pada umur 28 hari nilai modulus elastisitasnya 21060,02 MPa. Nilai modulus elastisitas meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan kuat tekan. Nilai kuat tarik pada material PVA-ECC juga mengalami peningkatan sebanding dengan umur beton. Nilai kuat tarik rata-rata pada umur 7 hari dengan berat sampel 0.231 kg adalah 3,108 Mpa, sementara kuat tarik pada umur 14 hari berat sampel 0.229 kg adalah 3,547 Mpa serta kuat tarik pada umur 28 hari diperoleh 4,340 Mpa dengan berat sampel 0.234 kg. Kurva tegangan-regangan menunjukkan perilaku logam, menunjukkan karakteristik titik hasil pada tahap akhir elastis ketika mikro retak muncul pertama pada spesimen.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN BATU LATERIT SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PENGGANTI AGREGAT KASAR PADA KEKUATAN BETON
Authors: Ain Mohamad Isram M. , Soeparlan Ali Arifin
Published: July 2020

Pembangunan infrasrtuktur seperti perumahan, perkantoran, rumah sakit dan jembatan di Balikpapan tidak terlepas dari penggunaan beton. Ketersediaan bahan pembentuk beton di Balikpapan masih mengandalkan bahan baku yang berasal dari luar daerah, terutama agregat halus dan agregat kasar yang harus didatangkan dari daerah Palu. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, maka perlu dicari langkah-langkah penyelesaian untuk mengatasi kendala tersebut,salah satunya dengan memaksimalkan penggunaan batu laterit yang diharapkan dapat menjadi alternatif pengganti parsial agregat kasar. Metode yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini adalah dengan melakukan pengujian terhadap kuat tekan beton dengan variasi campuran batu laterit terhadap kerikil Palu dengan variasi campuran 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% dan 50 % yang diuji kekuatannya pada umur 28 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kuat tekan optimum diperoleh pada variasi campuran 10 % batu laterit yaitu sebesar 25,1 MPa nilai ini mendekati kuat tekan beton normal yang menggunakan 100% kerikil Palu yaitu sebesarv25,8 MPa dan kuat tekan terendah yaitu pada variasi campuran 50% batu laterit yaitu sebesar 8,9 MPa
PENINGKATAN EFFISIENSI KERJA MOTOR INDUKSI 3 PHASA ( PENGUJIAN KARAKTERISTIK MOTOR INDUKSI 3 PHASA )
Authors: Ambabunga Yusri
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan memecahkan masalah yang terkait dengan motor induksi 3 phasa yaitu, pertama, menunjukkan pengaruh jenis pengasutan motor yang digunakan khususnya sistem DOL dan bintang segitiga terhadap arus starting yang dihasilkannya dan putaran motor; kedua, menentukan setting timer pada pengasutan bintang segitiga pada motor induksi 3 phasa;dan yang ketiga, menampilkan bentuk gelombang arus yang dihasilkan pada pengasutan DOL dan bintang segitiga pada motor induksi 3 phasa, serta bagaimana menampilkan bentuk gelombang tegangan dan putaran rotor motor induksi pada saat kondisi beban nol dan pada saat kondisi beban penuh (steady state) yang mempengaruhi karakteristik kerja motor induksi 3 phasa pada sistem jaringan instalasi listrik 3 phasa pada sistem tenaga listrik.
Monitoreo del virus del síndrome de la mancha blanca (WSSV) en muestras de langostino (Pleoticus muelleri) durante los años 2010 a 2014 en la Argentina
Authors: Jurquiza Verónica , De la Garza Juan , Andreoli Gabriela , Moriondo Danovaro Paula
Published: July 2020

La pesquería de langostino (Pleoticus muelleri), una de las más importantes del Mar Argentino, superó en 2016 el 50% del valor total de las exportaciones pesqueras. La implementación y desarrollo de controles sanitarios son requisitos del comercio internacional. Entre los patógenos que afectan a los crustáceos se encuentra el virus del síndrome de la mancha blanca (White spot syndrome virus: WSSV) y, según lo establecido por la Organización Mundial de Sanidad Animal (OIE), la enfermedad es de declaración obligatoria. Debido a la necesidad de contar con datos científicos para establecer el estado sanitario del recurso respecto del WSSV, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue relevar en forma continua la infección viral en langostinos salvajes. Se trabajó con muestras capturadas durante 2010-2014 en áreas cercanas a puerto Rawson y el Golfo San Jorge. El total de 506 ejemplares analizados con la técnica de PCR anidada utilizando el Kit Comercial IQ2000TM WSSV, método validado por la OIE, resultaron negativos al virus. Se concluye que en los cinco años de monitoreo continuo no se evidenció presencia de WSSV en langostino. Este estudio ofrece una base de datos científicos que ayudaría a garantizar la calidad sanitaria y el comercio internacional de esta pesquería de interés comercial en la Argentina. Además, proporciona herramientas que permitirán proteger el producto ante posibles sanciones y barreras comerciales innecesarias.
Características ambientales y algas nocivas en un área de producción de moluscos bivalvos del Canal Beagle, Argentina
Authors: Benavides Hugo , Montoya Nora G. , Carignan Mario , Luizón Carlos
Published: July 2020

En diciembre de 2013 se realizó un estudio para conocer las especies de microalgas tóxicas presentes en el área, las distintas toxinas que producen y los factores ambientales que condicionan la distribución de las comunidades de fitoplancton y su estructura. Se observó una alteración en la estructura de la comunidad fitoplantónica respecto al mismo período de años anteriores que indicó un retraso en las primeras etapas de la sucesión clásica. Dicho retraso influyó en el patrón anual de formación de floraciones de especies tóxicas en el canal y, en consecuencia, en los niveles de toxicidad de los bivalvos que normalmente se registran en esa época. El análisis de HPLC mostró escaso número de toxinas paralizantes de moluscos que coincidió con una muy baja concentración de células tóxicas. En las muestras analizadas se detectaron principalmente gonyautoxinas, sin presencia de toxina amnésica de moluscos. Los resultados aportan un conocimiento más detallado del perfil tóxico de los bivalvos de interés comercial en el área, que complementa el programa de monitoreo en curso. El análisis de los parámetros ambientales mostró que el sector interior de Bahía A. Brown es un área con circulación restringida que puede funcionar como reservorio potencial de los estadios bentónicos de resistencia de algunos dinoflagelados, proveyendo un inóculo inicial para la formación de floraciones o de eventos de toxicidad locales. La ausencia de floraciones de especies tóxicas y el bajo nivel de toxicidad de los moluscos del área en ese período se asociaron con las inusuales condiciones climáticas que se registraron en la región durante los meses previos, lo cual advierte sobre la necesidad de contar con un registro continuo de las variables meteorológicas para tratar de predecir la ocurrencia de floraciones de algas nocivas en el canal.
First data on the age and growth of Brazilian flathead Percophis brasiliensis (Pisces: Perciformes) in San Matías Gulf, northern Patagonia (Argentina)
Authors: López María E. , Ocampo Reinaldo Matías , Rodrígues Karina A. , Rico M. Rita , Sáez Margarita E. , González Raúl A.
Published: July 2020

Brazilian flathead Percophis brasiliensis is a commercially important perciform fish caught as bycatch by trawlers throughout its latitudinal distribution range (from 23° S in Brazil to 47° S in Argentina). It is associated with the catches of Argentine hake Merluccius hubbsi and Patagonian red shrimp Pleocticus muelleri in San Matías Gulf (SMG). The main objective of this study was to describe the first data on the growth of this species in SMG and to compare the results with available information for other areas of the Argentine Continental Shelf (ACS). The study was carried out using 294 specimens (196 females, 97 males and one of indeterminate sex) collected over four non-consecutive years from commercial/recreational fishing and during research cruises. The age of individuals was determined by reading and counting opaque-hyaline rings on the sagittae otoliths. The maximum ages observed were 14 years for females and 12 years for males. Growth parameters were estimated using the von Bertalanffy mode. Significant differences in L∞ parameter between sexes were found (L∞ males = 54.58 cm; L∞ females = 78.31 cm, p < 0.05). Growth parameters were different from those determined in previous studies for the ACS.
Marcadores discursivos e multifuncionalidade: atuações textuais de itens voltados para a interação
Authors: Valle Carla Regina Martins
Published: July 2020

O objetivo do presente artigo é explorar as atuações de um grupo específico de marcadores discursivos interacionais, o grupo dos requisitos de apoio discursivo (RADs). Com base em uma perspectiva funcionalista de vertente norte-americana, descrevemos a multifuncionalidade de alguns desses RADs, itens basicamente interacionais, dando ênfase às suas atuações no plano textual, o que tem sido pouco explorado em trabalhos acadêmicos. Para isso, recuperamos os dados de Valle (2014), que examinou amostra de fala composta por 30 entrevistas com falantes da comunidade da Barra da Lagoa – Florianópolis/SC (Amostra Brescancini-Valle), encontrando um total de 1.610 ocorrências. Como resultado, observou-se que os RADs, para além de atuarem no plano interacional, no plano cognitivo, no plano das atitudes do falante e no plano social/identitário, cumprem também funções no plano textual. Tais itens, para além de sua função básica interacional, têm o papel de colocar foco e determinadas porções textuais, contribuindo sobremaneira para a organização do fluxo da fala.
Quantifying binominal constructions in Portuguese and Russian: the case of "um monte de NP" and Kucha NPgen
Authors: Alonso Karen Sampaio Braga , Oliveira Diego Leite de , Fumaux Nuciene Caroline Amphilóphio , Nascimento Gabrielle De Figueira do , Silva Thiago Moreira da
Published: July 2020

Este trabalho consiste em um estudo contrastivo das construções binominais quantificadoras um monte de SN, do português brasileiro, e kutcha SNgen, do russo, em uma perspectiva construcionista baseada no uso. Para identificar especificidades semânticas em ambas as construções, foi realizada uma investigação empírica baseada em análises colostrucionais. Os resultados indicam que apesar de algumas similaridades entre português e russo em termos de operações cognitivas envolvidas na conceptualização das construções binominais quantitativas um monte de SN e kucha SNgen, há especificidades relativas a cada construção em cada língua no que se refere à compatibilidade dos lexemas que nelas ocorrem.
Het effect van verificatie op volledigheid van klimaatgerelateerde informatie
Authors: Krukkert Thijs , de Waard Dick
Published: July 2020

Verondersteld wordt dat de uitvoering van een assurance-opdracht een positief effect heeft op de volledigheid van onderzochte informatie. Zo blijkt uit meerdere onderzoeken. In het in deze bijdrage beschreven onderzoek is vastgesteld dat dit positieve effect bestaat ten aanzien van informatie over de uitstoot van broeikasgassen, indien een assurance-rapport is afgegeven bij het duurzaamheidsverslag van ondernemingen in de nutsector, waarin deze klimaatgerelateerde informatie is opgenomen. Daarbij is vastgesteld dat de invoering van de EU NFI Directive dit effect zeer beperkt heeft versterkt. Omdat in dit onderzoek het overgrote deel van de assurance-opdrachten is uitgevoerd door accountants, kan niet worden vastgesteld of sprake is van een verschil in invloed door de uitvoering van de assurance-opdracht door accountants of niet-accountants.
Human rights reporting under increasing institutional pressure
Authors: Hubers Frank , Thijssens Thomas
Published: July 2020

In 2014, the European Union (EU) passed Directive 2014/95/EU (The Directive), requiring Public Interest Entities (PIEs) to disclose specific non-financial information in their annual reports. This study investigates how The Directive influenced sustainability reporting—in particular human rights disclosure—by taking an institutional perspective. This implies that we refrain from viewing The Directive as an isolated event, but rather as a consequence of the ongoing interaction of different forces within the institutional context. Starting from this view, we investigate how human rights disclosure has developed over the years, focussing on the institutional context in which these developments took place. We use a longitudinal research design, using content analysis to observe human rights disclosure in annual and sustainability reports during the 2002–2018 period of the Dutch financial services companies listed on the three most important Dutch stock market indexes. We find that there appears to be an increase in the extensiveness of human rights reporting after the introduction of The Directive, but that these changes in disclosure are better explained by the increasing trend over time than by The Directive itself. Our analysis of 17 years of annual reporting shows a steady linear increase in the extensiveness of human rights disclosure, with no strong deviations during the introduction of The Directive. Notwithstanding an overall increase over the years, the proportion of human rights information in both annual and sustainability reports remains fairly low.
The solution on enigmas in COVID-19: the protein-homeostasis-system hypothesis
Authors: Lee Kyung-Yil
Published: July 2020

Infectious diseases, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), are representative, of which etiology is known in all human diseases. However, many enigmas persist in relation to COVID-19, including different clinical phenotypes and incubation periods across individuals, species-specificity, appearance of cytokine storm and lymphopenia, and the mechanism of damage to organ cells. Current immunological concepts have limitations to explain these unsolved issues. Meanwhile, results of clinical, pathological, and animal studies have suggested that the virus itself is not a direct cause of acute injury to the lung or other organ cells. For better understanding of COVID-19, a presumed immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 is presented under the protein-homeostasis-system hypothesis; every disease, including COVID-19, has associated etiological substances, and the host immune system controls these diverse substances according to the size and biochemical property. These etiological substances, inducing inflammation and subsequent tissue injury, are smaller substances derived from virus-infected cells. Initially acting nonspecific adaptive immune reaction with cytokine imbalance may be responsible for target cell injury. Furthermore, substances from initial target cell injury and secondary bacterial invasion can induce further inflammation if released from local or systemic circulation. COVID-19 patients with pneumonia show hypercytokinemia with lymphocytopenia corresponding to the severity of pneumonia at early stages. Thus, early immune-modulator treatment, including corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin, has an immunological rationale. It could help reduce the morbidity and possibly mortality of older patients with underlying conditions.
Greenhouse gas emissions from river riparian wetlands: An example from the Inner Mongolia grassland region in China
Authors: Liu Xinyu , Lu Xixi , Yu Ruihong , Xue Hao , Qi Zhen , Cao Zhengxu , Zhang Zhuangzhuang , Liu Tingxi
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Riparian wetlands play a significant role in regulating carbon and nitrogen cycles. Gradual riparian wetland drying is increasingly sensitive to global warming and contributes to climate change. In this study, we analyzed the emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) from riparian wetlands in the Xilin River Basin to understand the role of these ecosystems in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Moreover, the impact of the catchment hydrology and soil property variations on GHG emissions over time and space were evaluated. Our results demonstrate that riparian wetlands emit larger amounts of CO2 (335–2790 mg m−2 h−1 in August and 72–387 mg m−2 h−1 in October) than CH4 and N2O to the atmosphere due to high plant and soil respiration. The results also reveal clear seasonal variations and spatial patterns along the transects and in the longitudinal direction. N2O emissions showed a spatiotemporal pattern similar to that of CO2 emissions. Near-stream sites were the only sources of CH4 emissions, while the other sites served as sinks for these emissions. Soil moisture content and soil temperature were the essential factors controlling the GHG emissions, and abundant aboveground biomass promoted the CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions. Moreover, compared to different types of grasslands, riparian wetlands were the potential hotspots of GHG emissions in the Inner Mongolian region. Degradation of downstream wetlands has resulted in the loss of the soil carbon pool by approximately 60 %, reducing CO  emissions by approximately 35 %, and shifting the CH4 and N2O emissions from the source to the sink. Our study showed that anthropogenic activities have extensively changed the hydrological characteristics of the riparian wetlands and might accelerate carbon loss, which could further affect the GHG emissions.
Effect of germinated wheat (Triticum aestivum) on chemical, amino acid and organoleptic properties of meat pate
Authors: Assenova Bahytkul , Okuskhanova Eleonora , Rebezov Maksim , Zinina Oksana , Baryshnikova Nadezhda , Vaiscrobova Evgeniya , Kasatkina Elena , Shariati Mohammad Ali , Khan Muhammad Usman , Ntsefong Godswill Ntsomboh
Published: July 2020

Germinated cereal crops are widely used in the technology of meat products, as they contain a significant amount of vitamins, minerals and protein. This study presents the formulation and processing technology of meat pate with the addition of wheat (Triticum aestivum) germ. Three treatments of 10, 15 and 20% of germinated wheat (GW) were prepared. Wheat sprouts were crushed and mixed for 6 minutes in a meat mixer together with broth, oat flour, and spices to obtain a smooth mass. This was mixed with minced meat and grinded on a cutter to obtain a more uniform finished paste that was dosed into lamister or tin containers, sterilized and stored for 2 years. This was followed by the determination of its proximate composition, water-binding capacity, and sensory analysis. Results show that the meat pate with 10% of GW in comparison with the control, contain more protein, is more nutritious with a lower fat content of 6.8% and a lower carbohydrate content of 11.3%. The results of organoleptic evaluation showed that the highest average score was for the meat pate with a recipe that contains 10% of germinated wheat, and the lowest was for the meat pate containing 20% of germinated wheat. Meat pate containing 10% of germinated wheat has a higher water-holding capacity and the optimal pH value. This study suggests that wheat can be used in appropriate formulation to improve the organoleptic quality of meat pate.
Genetic divergence in Tunisian castor bean genotypes based on trap markers
Authors: Vivodí­k Martin , Gálová Zdenka , Balážová Želmí­ra
Published: July 2020

In the present study, the representatives of the genus Ricinus communis collected from 12 different parts of Tunisia were differentiated by the DNA fingerprinting patterns using 30 TRAP primers. The efficacy of the TRAP technique in this study is further supported by the obtained PIC values of the primers used in the analysis. PCR amplification of DNA using 30 primers for TRAP analysis produced 490 DNA fragments that could be scored in all 56 genotypes of Tunisian castor. The number of amplified fragments varied from 3 (TRAP 04 x arb 1, TRAP 22 x arb 3 and TRAP 23 x arb 3) to 13 (TRAP 56 x arb 2), and the amplicon size ranged from 100 to 1600 bp. Of the 490 amplified bands, 377 were polymorphic, with an average of 5.71 polymorphic bands per primer. To determine the level of polymorphism in the analysed group of Tunisian castor genotypes polymorphic information content (PIC) was calculated. The lowest values of polymorphic information content were recorded for TRAP 10 x arb 1 (0.555) and the highest PIC values were detected for TRAP 44 x arb 2 (0.961) with an average of 0.770. A dendrogram was constructed from a genetic distance matrix based on profiles of the 30 TRAP primers using the unweighted pair-group method with the arithmetic average (UPGMA). According to analysis, the collection of 56 Tunisian castor genotypes were clustered into five main clusters. Moreover, functional TRAP markers would be efficiently useful in genetic studies for castor genetic improvement.
Assessment of possibilities of strawberry jam reformulation
Authors: Rýdlová Ladislava , Škorpilová Tereza , Juhászová Gabriela , Rajchl Aleš
Published: July 2020

The prevalence of excessive weight gain, obesity, and associated diseases are permanently increasing. Therefore, the interest in food products with a composition suitable for people with the aforementioned health problems is also on the rise. The changes in food composition, nowadays often called reformulation, are mainly focused on reducing the amount of salt, sugar, or fat. Strawberry spreads with different sugar (10 – 40%) and strawberry (20 – 50%) content were prepared and the influence of strawberry jam composition on gel stiffness, colour, and sensory parameters was studied. This study aimed to determine the sensorial and technological limits (sugar and strawberry content) of strawberry jam reformulation. Carrageenan was chosen as a suitable gelling agent for the preparation of these reformulated strawberry products. strawberry spreads. The applicable concentration of carrageenan for the ideal stiffness of strawberry spreads was 2%. The results of the maximum compression force show a statistically significant increase of gel stiffness with increasing addition of strawberry puree, the effect of sugar content was also statistically significant (p = 0.05). This study showed that strawberry spreads with low strawberry and/or sugar content are sensorially acceptable.
Effects of the lactation period, breed and feed on amino acids profile of mare’s milk
Authors: Fišera Miroslav , Kráčmar Stanislav , Šustová Květoslava , Tvrzník Pavel , Velichová Helena , Fišerová Lenka , Kubáň Vlastimil
Published: July 2020

The effects of the lactation period, breed, and feed on amino acids profile of mare’s milk were investigated. The feed contained two major essential amino acids (EAAs) leucine (7.31 – 10.3 g.kg-1) and arginine (6.37 – 9.59 g.kg-1); it also included minor EAAs methionine (2.11 – 3.05 g.kg-1) and histidine (2.48 – 3.60 g.kg-1). Glu+Gln, Asp+Asn, and proline, major nonessential amino acids (NEAAs), constituted approximately 60% of total NEAAs (TNEAAs). The ratio of total EAAs to NEAAs ranged from 1:1.2 to 1:1.4. Amino acids (AA) content throughout all milk samples varied due to mare’s different conditions and lactation days. Except for the 1P milk sample, total AA content in the 2 – 8Ps specimens caused by differences in breed oscillated from the 2nd to 28th day of lactation within the following limits: 21.9 – 54.6 g.kg-1, 33.6 – 70.7 g.kg-1, 38.1 – 71.2 g.kg-1, 29.46 – 74.2 g.kg-1, 52.2 – 87.1 g.kg-1, 37.9 – 70.3 g.kg-1 and 26.4 – 64.5 g.kg-1, respectively. In relation to TEAAs in milk, the highest EAAs levels were reached in arginine, leucine and lysine ranging between 2.41 – 4.35 g.kg-1, 3.36 – 5.59 g.kg-1 and 2.72 – 4.80 g.kg-1, respectively, while the lowest AAs amounts were indicated in histidine and methionine, 0.91 – 1.58 g.kg-1 and 1.23 – 2.04 g.kg-1 respectively. Total NEAAs content was slightly higher than that of EAAs; the TNEAAs to TEAAs ratio was 1:0.9 proximately. Glu+Gln, Asp+Asn and proline were determined as major NEAAs of milk ranging between, 6.77 – 11.0 g.kg-1, 3.21 – 5.60 g.kg-1 and 1.25 – 2.18 g.kg-1, respectively; levels of NEAAs such as cysteine and glycine oscillated between 0.89 – 1.52 g.kg-1 and 0.64 – 1.15 g.kg-1, respectively. The average TAAs contents caused by breed differences were 62.8 g.kg-1, 42.8 g.kg-1, 44.7 g.kg-1 and 44.8 g.kg-1, respectively, on the 2nd, 5th, 10th, and 28th lactation days.
Characterization of Thyme and Tansy Extracts Used as Basic Substances in Zucchini Crop Protection
Authors: Beni Claudio , Casorri Laura , Masciarelli Eva , Ficociello Barbara , Masetti Olimpia , Neri Ulderico , Aromolo Rita , Rinaldi Simona , Papetti Patrizia , Cichelli Angelo
Published: July 2020

Bio-sourced substances used for crop protection in natural and organic farming have a positive impact both on human and environment health: plant extracts are effective to stimulate plant defense against pests and diseases, with no toxic effect and they could be classified as basic substances. The chemical characterization of thyme and tansy extracts were carried out with ICP and NMR techniques for the analysis of elemental content and organic components. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH method. Phytostimulant effects of extracts were evaluated on zucchini crop in a preliminary field test. Vegetative plant conditions were assessed by measuring the chlorophyll content. The 1% extracts were chosen for field trial because of their maximum antioxidant activity (over 80%) and their cheapness compared to 2% concentration. NMR showed that the spectrum of tansy highlighted the phenolic fraction in 6-9 ppm region and, in particular, at 5.9 ppm the signals of thymol, a peculiar antioxidant compound; while the spectrum of thyme is less significant. The field trial results showed a higher fruit yield and a positive effect on plant growth in treated plants respect to control ones, due to the composition and antioxidant activity of both plant extracts. In fact, thyme extract treated plants showed a yield equal to 6,4 kg per plant, higher than no treated ones, 5,1 kg per plant; also tansy extract induced a higher yield respect to control plant, respectively 5,6 and 3,9 kg per plant. The results obtained indicate the role of the extracts investigated as basic substances.
Hot Times in Tectonophysics: Mantle Plume Dynamics and Magmatic Perturbances
Authors: Soman Vrishin R.
Published: July 2020

Earth’s dynamic lithospheric (plate) motions often are not obvious when considered in relation to the temporal stability of the crust. Seismic radiology experiments confirm that the extreme pressures and temperatures in the mantle, and to a lesser extent the asthenosphere, result in a heterogeneously viscous rheology. Occasionally, magmatic fluid makes its way through the lithospheric plate to the surface, appearing typically as a volcano, fissure eruption, or lava flow. When occurring away from the edges of plate boundaries, these long-lasting suppliers of lava, present over millions of years, are called mantle plumes, or ‘hotspots.’ Conventional definitions of mantle plumes note that they are stationary with respect to each other and the motion of the plates, passively tracing historical plate motion in volcanic formations such as the Hawaiian-Emperor island arc – the Plate Model. In this model, mantle plumes primarily occur as a consequence of lithospheric extension.Recent empirical studies, however, have demonstrated that hotspots are not as geographically consistent as previously thought. They may move in relation to each other, as well as contribute actively toward lithospheric plate motions – the Plume Model. There is a lively, ongoing debate between the Plate and Plume hypotheses, essentially seeking to determine if mantle flow is merely a passive reaction to lithospheric plate motion (Plate Model), or whether plume activity in part drives this motion (Plume Model). More likely, it is a combination of passive and active mantle plume components that better describe the comprehensive behavior of these important and distinctive landscape forming features.
Cambio de uso de suelo y variabilidad climática en Chiautzingo, Puebla, México
Authors: García Hernández Misael , Pérez Magaña Andrés , Martínez Corona Beatriz , Gutiérrez Villalpando Verónica
Published: July 2020

La modificación de la cobertura vegetal es evidente y creciente, las causas principales son las diferentes actividades socioeconómicas que desarrolla la población.  El clima es un factor esencial en la distribución de patrones bióticos de los ecosistemas y, en el mismo sentido, los ecosistemas, a través de su cobertura, pueden incidir en la variabilidad climática. Los estudios que consideran el cambio de uso de suelo, la vegetación y el clima son relevantes para determinar los procesos relacionados con la degradación del suelo, pérdida de biodiversidad y variabilidad climática. En este estudio se analizó el cambio de uso del suelo y la variabilidad climática para el periodo 1984-2018 en el municipio de Chiautzingo, Puebla, México a partir de imágenes de satélite Landsat en Sistemas de Información Geográfica. Se analizaron datos históricos de tres estaciones climatológicas y mediante una encuesta a productores, se recabo información sobre la percepción tanto del fenómeno del cambio de uso del suelo como del de variabilidad climática. El cambio de uso del suelo está relacionado con la pérdida de superficie forestal, con una tasa de cambio anual de -0.57 %. El incremento de la superficie destinada a agricultura protegida fue de 310.58 hectáreas, lo cual ejerce presión fuerte sobre los recursos bióticos y abióticos. También se encontró que existe variabilidad climática, la cual es percibida por la población. Es necesario contar con este análisis para identificar las áreas que tienen mayor degradación ambiental, y como base para la planificación del uso y manejo de los recursos naturales.
Exploring Trauma, Loss, and Posttraumatic Growth in Poles Who Survived the Nazi Era (1939–1945) and Their Descendants
Authors: Rush Alexandra
Published: July 2020

Experiences of mass trauma carry powerful intergenerational effects involving both vulnerability and strengths, and often leave indelible imprints and legacies across generations. A qualitative phenomenological pilot study was conducted to explore the lived experiences of second and third-generation descendants of Polish resistance fighters and survivors of the Second World War, which examined the impact of the war on descendants, as well as the potential for posttraumatic growth. The following research questions guided the study: 1) What features of trauma and posttraumatic growth are transmitted from Poles who survived the Nazi Era (1939-1945) to their children and grandchildren?; 2) What legacies and life lessons are passed down to second and third generation descendants?; 3) How is present day outlook influenced by having been a descendant of a fighter and/or survivor?; and, 4) How do descendants experience western society’s awareness and recognition of Poland’s suffering during this time? The findings of the pilot study were based on a phenomenological analysis of the participants’ narratives and the following themes emerged from the lived experiences of both second and third-generation descendants: Communication, Adjusting to a New Country and Culture, and Suffering of Poles Unrecognized. The study also provided a voice and social acknowledgement for the descendants of Polish survivors and resistance fighters, who carry a powerful legacy to share.
Estimation of the Parameters for the Exponentiated Weibull Distribution Based on Progressive Type-II Censoring Scheme
Authors: Almazah Mohammed Mohammed Ahmed
Published: July 2020

The main objective of the present study is to find the estimation of the two Exponentiated Weibull distribution parameters, based on progressive Type II censored samples. The maximum likelihood and Bayes estimators for the two shape parameters and the scale parameter of the exponentiated Weibull lifetime model were derived. Bayes estimators was obtained by using both the symmetric and asymmetric loss functions via squared error loss and linex loss functions This was done with respect to the conjugate priors for two shape parameters. We used an approximation based on the Lindley (Trabajos de Estadistca) method for obtaining Bayes estimates under these loss functions. The different proposed estimators have been compared through an extensive simulation studies. Bayes ratings also turned out to be better than MLE. Whatever the sample sizes are, we get the same results.
Sinh Inverted Exponential Distribution: Simulation & Application to Neck Cancer Disease
Authors: Hemeda Saeed E. , Abdallah Ali M.
Published: July 2020

A goal of this research is providing new probability distribution called Sinh inverted exponential distribution. The new distribution was extensively depending on the hyperbolic sine family of distributions with exponential distribution as a baseline distribution. Valuable statistical properties of the proposed distribution including mathematical and asymptotic expressions for its probability density function and Reliability. Moments, quantiles, moment generating function, failure rate function, mean residual lifetime, order statistics and entropies are derived. Actually, the applicability and validation of this model is proved in simulation study and an application to neck cancer disease data.
A New Transformed t-test for Skewed Data: A Goodness-of-fit Approach
Authors: Islam Khairul , Shapla Tanweer J.
Published: July 2020

A new transformed two-sample t-test has been proposed for testing equality of two population means for skewed distributions by means of a univariate normal goodness of fit to the combined sample. The small sample performance of the proposed test is compared with untransformed t-test and the non-parametric analogue of t-test via Wilcoxon rank sum test using real-life examples and simulation from skewed distributions with varying values of skewness, empirically. It reveals that the proposed new test is appropriate for estimating the level of significance and is more powerful than the untransformed t-test and the Wilcoxon rank sum test for skewed distributions.
As possibilidades do olhar estético do afeto: o projeto olhar complexo
Authors: Torraca Lia Beatriz Teixeira
Published: July 2020

O olhar estético do afeto foi desenvolvido durante o curso de doutorado em Direito pela Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (PPGD UFRJ), buscando oferecer uma alternativa no enfrentamento da violência no Rio de Janeiro a partir da hipótese que esta violência é a projeção de uma dinâmica circular de comunicação, sendo possível alterá-la através da estética. É a possibilidade de transformar o ver em olhar a partir da experiência perceptiva em uma cidade cuja projeção de imagens rotuladas instauram um fluxo permanente de manifestações de violência entre dois territórios, entre morro e asfalto. Uma técnica que pretende não só fazer visível as formas dessa violência, mas transformar a percepção sobre aquilo que é comunicado como violência. É o afeto que faz possível desfocar-me para focar no outro através do olhar do outro, tal como Maurice Merleau-Ponty apontou em sua Fenomenologia da Percepção, adotada como metodologia de pesquisa. A Fotografia pode ser o medium desta técnica que “faz ver” e “faz agir sobre”, tendo o afeto como lente. A partir da pesquisa empírica junto ao Projeto Olhar Complexo, criado e dirigido pelo Fotógrafo Bruno Itan, sediado no Complexo do Alemão, o curso de Fotografia materializou-se como possibilidade de um olhar estético do afeto, um meio para reterreritorializar  a cidade através do afeto e construir outro real, outra imagem.
A transcriação do mundo pela experiência: esboço para uma educação estética
Authors: Almeida Rogério De , Araújo Alberto Filipe
Published: July 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é investigar as artes como processo de transcriação pelo qual artista e apreciador tornam-se coautores dos sentidos que emanam da experiência estética. A hipótese em questão é a de que as obras de arte operam uma mediação estética entre o humano e o mundo, pela qual o mundo passa a ser sentido, compreendido e expresso. Esse processo requer uma educação de sensibilidade que não seja a imposição de determinadas obras canônicas ou modos preestabelecidos de fruição dessas obras, mas exercício de sensibilidade e compreensão das múltiplas possibilidades dos modos de viver. Nessa perspectiva, a própria vida torna-se obra de arte. A inclinação teórico-metodológica que inspira este artigo provém do perspectivismo nietzschiano (NIETZSCHE, 1998; LAROSSA, 2009) e da hermenêutica simbólica (RICOEUR, 1969; DURAND, 1997). Os resultados da pesquisa apontam para a urgência de uma educação de sensibilidade que considere a importância das experiências estéticas no âmbito da formação, com o objetivo de se chegar a ser o que se é.