bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Formation of Electron Outflow Jets with Power-law Energy Distribution in Guide-field Magnetic Reconnection
Authors: Che H. , Zank G. P. , Benz A. O. , Tang B. , Crawford C.
Published: February 2021

Observationally, electron beams with power-law energy spectra are commonly associated with solar flares. Previous studies have found that during magnetic reconnection with a guide field B

g
larger than 0.1 times the asymptotic field B
0, electron beams are unable to develop due to the strong deflection caused by the guide field. Using particle-in-cell simulations we show that in force-free reconnection, the development of an electron Kelvin–Helmholz instability can suppress the Hall effect and produce a flute-like outflow exhaust, in which both electrons and ions are nearly frozen-in with the magnetic field. The coupling of a continuously growing electron velocity shear and
E
 × 
B
drift drive the electrons out of magnetic vortices and results in collimated jets with a power-law energy spectrum in the elongated exhaust. The spatial density of electron jets is comparable to the background and is highly inhomogeneous, signifying on asymmetric density structure in guide field reconnection.
Population Synthesis of Galactic Be-star Binaries with a Helium-star Companion
Authors: Shao Yong , Li Xiang-Dong
Published: February 2021

LB-1 was originally suggested to harbor a very massive (∼70 M
⊙) black hole, but was recently suggested to be a post-mass transfer binary containing a Be star and a helium (He) star. In this paper, we use the binary population synthesis method to simulate the potential population of the Be–He binaries in the Milky Way. Mass transfer process during the progenitor binary evolution plays a vital role in determining the possible properties of the Be–He binary population. By constructing a range of physical models with significantly different mass-transfer efficiencies, we obtain the predicted distributions at the current epoch of the component masses and the orbital periods for the Be–He binaries. In particular, we show that, LB-1 very likely has evolved through non-conservative mass transfer if it is indeed a Be–He system. We estimate that there are more than 103 Be–He binaries with V-band apparent magnitudes brighter than LB-1.
Consolidation of Titanium Powder by Electrical Resistance Sintering: Practice and Simulation
Authors: Ternero Fernández Fátima , Urban Petr , Astacio Lopez Raquel , Aranda Louvier Rosa M. , Cuevas Francisco G.
Published: February 2021

In this work, a commercially pure titanium powder has been consolidated using the Electrical Resistance Sintering (ERS) process. This technique consists in the consolidation of a powder mass by the simultaneous application of pressure (80 MPa, in this work) and heating caused by the passage of a high intensity (3.5-6.0 kA, in this case) and low voltage current (lower than 10 V), during short dwelling times (0.8-1.6 s, in this work). The resulting compacts have been mechanically characterised by measuring their microhardness distribution. The results obtained are compared with the corresponding values of compacts prepared with the same powders following the conventional P/M route of cold pressing and furnace sintering. The results of some simulations are provided to give information about the temperatures reached inside the compacts during the electrical consolidation process.
Mechanical Properties of Silicone Rubber / Hydroxyapatite Composite
Authors: Sa’ad Siti Zaleha , Ibrahim Norazura , Aris Nurul Nadiah
Published: February 2021

Silicone rubber (SR) and hydroxyapatite (HA) are two well-known material that have been used as bone replacement. The flexibility and compatibility of SR and HA respectively, shows great performance and improvement in medical application. This paper investigate the mechanical properties of SR and HA composite with various phr loading of HA (0 - 30 phr). The results indicate that, HA loading phr of 25 phr and 30 phr were in the range of tensile strength of 5.76 MPa and 3.15 MPa respectively. Also, the hardness value of all the percentage loading of HA were above the hardness value of human vertebrae cancellous bone.
Türk Edebiyatında Argonun Serüveni ve Bir Argo Tartışması
Authors: KUMSAR İsmail Alper
Published: February 2021

Bu çalışmanın giriş bölümünde argonun ne olduğu, edebî eserde argo kelime ve tabirin neden hoş görülmediği sorularının cevabı aranmıştır. Birinci bölümde argonun Türk edebiyatındaki serüveni genel hatları ile tanıtılmış ve edebiyatımızdaki zihniyet dönüşümüne bağlı olarak argonun günümüze yaklaştıkça edebî metinlerde kendisine daha fazla yer bulabildiği tespit edilmiştir. İkinci bölümde ise 1938 yılının Mayıs ayı boyunca gazetelerde devam eden bir argo tartışması ele alınmıştır. Bu tartışma, argonun edebî eserdeki konumu hakkında iki farklı görüşü yansıtmaktadır. Tartışmanın bir cephesini teşkil eden Peyami Safa, Yaşar Nabi ve Orhan Seyfi’nin içinde bulunduğu ilk grup edebî metinlerde argonun kullanımına belli şartlar dâhilinde ve sınırlı biçimde cevaz verirken Nurullah Ataç, Vâlâ Nurettin ve Sabiha Zekeriya Sertel dâhil olduğu grup edebî metinlerde kelime sınırlaması yapılmasına karşı çıkmışlardır. Çalışmada, tartışmanın yaşandığı yıllarda yeni yeni parlamaya başlayan Garip Hareketi’nin edebî dilde yapmaya çalıştığı değişimin bu tartışma için nasıl bir zemin teşkil ettiğine de değinilmiştir.
The Establishment of Queen's Collegiate School in Trinidad, 1859-1867
Authors: Campbell Carl
Published: February 2021

Queens Royal College is a well known institution in Trinidad. This College came into existence in 1870 as a replacement for Queens Collegiate School, founded in 1859. This latter school was founded by the government with the social and political purpose of spreading English culture in an island racially and religiously divided, and culturally complex. A bridge to the English Universities was established through scholarships which were later won by many eminent Trinidadians. The school was regarded by the government as an extraordinary academic success, but the leadership of the Roman Catholic Church was opposed to the school on account of its secular curriculum and its cost. In an effort to conciliate the Roman Catholic Church the school was reorganised in 1870, and Queens Royal College was born.
The Relationship of Cambridge GCE Results with the Jamaican Graduate Output from UWI
Authors: Hamilton Marlene
Published: February 2021

This paper seeks to investigate possible links between Cambridge examination results in the General Certificate of Education "O" and "A" level examinations over the years, and the annual Jamaican graduate output from the University of the West Indies. Although all faculties are considered, the main interest lies in numbers of graduates from the faculties of Natural Sciences, Engineering, Agriculture and Medicine, linked with passes gained in science subjects at both "O" and "A" level GCE examinations.
Foreign Language Teaching: A Plea for New Objectives
Authors: Solomon Denis
Published: February 2021

The concern of West Indian educators for improvement in language-teaching methods and materials has been for the most part confined to the problem of teaching Standard English. Research seeks to determine the differences between Creole and Standard English, the nature of the post-Creole continuum, if it exists, and the effects of the vernacular on proficiency in learning the standard or, through it, other subjects.
Changes of ground vegetation after shelter wood cuttings in pine forests, the hemiboreal zone, Lithuania
Authors: Marozas Vitas , Sasnauskiene Jurgita
Published: February 2021

Sustainable forestry plays an important role in applying forest management measures. In many forests, management is oriented towards closer natural forest processes. Silvicultural systems that retain some part of the trees in the stand, such as shelter wood cuttings have been introduced. The aim of the study was to evaluate the early changes of ground vegetation after shelter wood cuttings in sites of different soil fertility gradient in pine dominated stands on sandy soils in the European hemiboreal zone. The Scots pine stands in which first step of shelter wood cuttings was applied were investigated. The stands were selected in fresh (normal humidity) sites according to soil fertility gradient: very poor, poor and medium fertility soils. All mosses, lichens, herbaceous vegetation and dwarf shrubs were recorded, and projection cover was estimated in June - August. Ellenberg’s indicator figures were used to evaluate site conditions. In shelter wood cuttings (5-6-year-old) the number of species was higher in medium fertile sites than in very poor sites. After shelter wood cuttings the abundance of herbaceous species increased in all sites, while the abundance of mosses and lichens decreased. Within the first year after shelter wood cuttings, the abundance of Ericaceae species decreased, and abundance of Rosaceae and Poaceae species increased. Average Ellenberg’s indicator values showed that site conditions changed after shelter wood cuttings. The changes were more intensive in medium fertile sites than in poor sites. After shelter wood cuttings the richness and abundance of ground vegetation changed. The intensity of change differed in sites of certain soil fertility and was caused by alteration of site conditions, which were more homogenous in sites of the certain fertility in uncut stands than in cuttings. Key words: herbs, mosses, non-clear cuttings, vegetation
Gender stereotypes among Spanish university students about psychosocial risks in childhood
Authors: Sánchez-Sandoval Yolanda , Vizcaya Elena , Melero Sandra , Verdugo Laura
Published: February 2021

Recent studies have shown that gender stereotypes are not sensitive to social changes. There is a gap in how gender is treated in college. This study is part of an innovation project to improve teaching quality in university. We aim to analyze the presence of gender stereotypes related to at-risk childhood in a sample of 113 university students. Most students considered that some circumstances, like substance consumption, are more likely in boys. On the contrary, they think that looking after siblings or anxiety are more common in girls. Results show the need to incorporate the gender perspective into universities. The special needs of the at-risk girls require further research and specialized training.
Los valores constitucionales en los jóvenes europeos: singularidades por países
Authors: Amador Muñoz Luis Vicente , Mateos Claros Francisco , Esteban Ibáñez Macarena , Olmedo Ruiz Francisco Javier
Published: February 2021

Este trabajo analiza los valores constitucionales europeos de la dignidad, la libertad, la igualdad, la solidaridad, la ciudadanía y la justicia, desde el ámbito de la juventud universitaria de Alemania, Gran Bretaña, España, Francia, Italia y Portugal. En el se reconocen los valores que comparte de manera general toda la juventud europea analizada, y la singularidades de cada país y, además, se aprecia la importancia de una educación en valores ciudadanos, una educación para la ciudadanía.
Des synergies entre le droit de l'Union Européenne et la Charte Sociale Européenne, à l'heure du Socle européen des droits sociaux
Authors: Stangos Petros
Published: February 2021

L’objet de la présente étude se concentre sur la manière dont le Conseil de l’Europe, organisation européenne dédiée à la protection des droits de l’homme et des droits sociaux en particulier, a recherché à exercer une influence substantielle sur la manière dont l’Union européenne s’est employée, afin de revaloriser la place des droits sociaux dans son édifice institutionnel, dans la partie intégrante de cet édifice qui est l’Eurozone. À cette fin, l’Union européenne a généré, en novembre 2017, le Socle européen des droits sociaux. La proposition du Conseil de l’Europe visait, en fait, à normaliser, voire à rationnaliser les rapports entre la Charte sociale européenne d’un côté et, de l’autre côté, le droit de l’Union. En tirant profit de la proposition du Conseil  de l’Europe sur la teneur du Socle, la présente contribution esquisse la voie la plus propice en vue de la consolidation des la protection des droits sociaux en Europe, voie qui se greffe autour du rapprochement envié de la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne et de sa jurisprudence sociale avec la Charte sociale européenne, telle qu’elle est interprétée et appliquée par le Comité européen des droits sociaux.
Matrimonio y orientación sexual: la fuerza expansiva del derecho a la no discriminación. Comentario de las sentencias Taddeucci y Coman
Authors: Rivas Vañó Alicia
Published: February 2021

La evolución de la protección de la diversidad sexual en las instituciones europeas es incontestable, aun cuando aún es necesario ampliarla a derechos tradicionalmente vetados a las minorías LGBTI. En este sentido, las últimas respuestas jurisprudenciales del TEDH y del TJUE apuntan en direcciones distintas respecto de un asunto tan controvertido como el reconocimiento de las parejas del mismo sexo, y en última instancia, del matrimonio homosexual. En este artículo se acomete el análisis de los últimos casos que han dado lugar a esta diferente interpretación.
Politiques d’austerité et droits sociaux
Authors: Belorgey Jean Michel
Published: February 2021

Cet article analyse la problématique des rapports entre politiques d’austérité et droits sociaux sous l’angle des exigences apparemment consubstantielles au modèle social européen. Cependant, cette analyse met en lumière l’inadéquation entre la protection des droits sociaux et les stratégies d’austérité mises en œuvre en Europe ayant un impact extérieur (y compris les droits sociaux des immigrés). Une approche critique par les valeurs consacrées dans la Charte sociale européenne permet de construire des visions partagés face à la correlation entre l’universalisme et le relativisme des droits de l’homme, en vue de rendre possible un pacte d’humanité.
La Charte Sociale Européenne, un recours pour la défense des droits sociaux des mineurs étrangers non accompagnés en France et en Europe
Authors: Lecorne Philippe
Published: February 2021

En février 2015, EUROCEF (comité européen d’action spécialisée pour l’enfant et la famille dans leur milieu de vie) déposait, auprès du Comité européen des droits sociaux, une réclamation collective contre la France pour non-respect de ses engagements au regard de la Charte sociale européenne, pour ce qui concerne l’accueil et l’accompagnement des mineurs étrangers non accompagnés (MENA) arrivant sur son territoire.La décision du Comité européen des droits sociaux considérant qu’il y avait plusieurs cas de violation des dispositions de la Charte sociale européenne, et la résolution du Comité des Ministres qui s’en est suivie, doit amener la France à revoir son dispositif d’ accueil et d’accompagnement des MENA, tant du point de vue de sa réglementation que des pratiques en usage.Cette prise de position des instances européennes constitue bien sûr une mise en cause de la France, mais surtout rappelle à l’ensemble des européens que la Charte sociale européenne est un des instruments les plus importants pour la défense et la promotion des droits sociaux des minorités.
Los derechos sociales en las fuentes del derecho marroquí y el papel del juez en su protección
Authors: Adnane Abdelhamid
Published: February 2021

La Constitución marroquí, de modo directo o remitiendo al Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos, recoge una serie de derechos de naturaleza prestacional imprescindibles para el desarrollo y el progreso personal y social. A pesar de no configurarse como derechos subjetivos en la norma fundamental marroquí, el juez del contencioso administrativo no dudó en recurrir, en más de una ocasión, a las fuentes internacionales para brindarles la merecida protección.
Macedoine(s): un essai de méthodologie
Authors: Michel Belorgey Jean
Published: February 2021

La « question macédonienne » a été, tout au long de la fin du XIXème siècle, une question critique, plus encore que d’autres, entre toutes celles que posait le démembrement de l’Empire ottoman. Avec une telle prémisse, l’auteur se penche sur la complexité de l’ « impasse macédoine » pendant le XXème siècle à cause, entre autres, de l’occupation hitlerienne des Balkans et le principe de l’intangibilité des frontières de 1945 ou encore le démembrement ultérieur de l’ancienne Yougoslavie en 1991. Enfin, la recherche d’une solution conciliatrice, pour le contentieux gréco-macédoine, entre les paramètres internationaux et l’identité étatique, est susceptible d’être utile afin de faire face à d’autres situations conflictuelles. En ce sens, si l’on conclut, comme il paraît raisonnable, à la faillite du raisonnement en termes de droits historiques, à la fragilité des critères religieux et linguistique, peut-on chercher le salut dans le recours, par voie d’emprunt au droit civil, ou, tout à la fois, à ce droit et au droit commercial, à la notion de droit au nom.
La prueba pericial: gestión y contenido en un juicio de responsabilidad civil por daño ambiental
Authors: Salas Alvarado Ricardo Antonio , García López Tania
Published: February 2021

La prueba pericial es un medio empleado en los juicios civiles a través del cual se demuestra un daño ocasionado a los bienes o propiedades de una persona. En el caso de un juicio de responsabilidad civil por daños ocasionados al medio ambiente, esta prueba generaría una visión amplia del daño ocasionado.Respecto al desahogo de la prueba pericial, se expondrá la necesidad procesal de ciertos cambios legales a las disposiciones legales aplicables; con la finalidad de que esta prueba sea una herramienta jurídica de utilidad para el juzgador al momento de resolver un juicio de índole ambiental.
Alcances jurídicos, tecnológicos y comerciales de la primera legislación sobre internet de las cosas
Authors: Porcelli Adriana Margarita
Published: February 2021

Internet no sólo es solo un nuevo medio de comunicación sino que se está convirtiendo en una capa de realidad que interviene en los distintos tipos de relaciones humanas: comerciales, afectivas, políticas, académicas, laborales y culturales. Durante las últimas décadas ha evolucionado de forma tan veloz que abarca aspectos antes inimaginables. Computadoras, impresoras, celulares, tablets, televisores inteligentes, luces, electrodomésticos y hasta la cerradura de las casas se pueden conectar a Internet y ser manejados a distancia para confort del consumidor. Pero también acarrea sus riesgos, la Web no es ni será 100 por ciento segura y las personas pueden ser víctimas de todo tipo de delitos. En consecuencia es necesario el dictado de normas que protejan la información personal y proporcionen mayor seguridad en el manejo de los dispositivos conectados a la Red.El presente trabajo consiste en definir y enumerar los componentes necesarios para el funcionamiento del ecosistema denominado Internet de las Cosas y analizar la Ley de California N° 327 Information privacy: connected devices. A tales efectos, este artículo comprende dos partes: la primera que delimita el marco conceptual-tecnológico, proporciona ejemplos de las diferentes tecnologías en la vida cotidiana y empresarial y la segunda que examina los diferentes principios adoptados en la Ley N° 327 Information privacy: connected devices, y a la vez presenta sus más duras críticas así como los argumentos en su defensa.
Scientific ethics and comparison on qualitative methodology approaches for research in social sciences. Examples of France and the United Kingdom
Authors: Ruşitoru Mihaela-Viorica , Hong Le Vo Thi
Published: February 2021

In our society, there has been a controversy concerning the "research globalization". It seems that the harmonization of educational policies is taking place at the level of higher education. Thus, at the European Union’s level, the "common academic market" is already being invoked. This close collaboration generates a reciprocal inspiration of researchers both at the level of the topics addressed as well as at the level of the methodology. In this context, we can be questioned about the specificity of qualitative research in France and the United Kingdom. In this paper, we will present a model of scientific similarities arising from examples from the both countries to address the question. In order for this purpose, our analysis highlights the deontological arsenal, the scientific ethics and interview research methods applied to different contexts for academic research.
Principio de igualdad y despido por ineptitud o discapacidad: la protección garantista multinivel
Authors: Monereo Pérez José Luis
Published: February 2021

El marco normativo regulador vigente en materia de tutela de las incapacidades laborales frente al despido “objetivo” por ineptitud o discapacidad no es sólo insuficiente, sino también en muchos aspectos decididamente inadecuado, para garantizar el principio de igualdad y no discriminación. Sería necesario llevar a cabo una reforma legal finalista de orientación social del grupo normativo de referencia que garantice eficazmente la tutela frente al despido de trabajadores afectos de incapacidad o discapacidad para el trabajo a través de actuaciones ilegítimas (o más contundentemente discriminatorias) de los empleadores.
Bent and Fight, Survive and Succeed; Exploring the Relationship Among Conflict, Ethics, Resilience and Commitment
Authors:   Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Samo Asif Hussain
Published: February 2021

The study aimed at examining the effect of conflict management and ethical leadership on employee resilience and organizational commitment of the employees in the organizational setting of Pakistan. With quantitative approach, survey method was used. Data was collected on adopted instruments from 326 employees of private organizations through questionnaire. Partial Least Squares structural equation modelling was used to diagnose the data and test hypothesis on Smart-PLS. Bootstrapping was also performed for data analysis. The results show that there is positive effect of conflict management on employee resilience and organizational commitment. It was revealed that when leaders adopt ethical leadership style, employee tend to be more resilient in their work and their commitment towards that organization enhances. Organization should bread better conflict management policies and cultivate ethical leadership to mitigate the turn-over, retain their best talent and augment their resilient abilities to face hardships in this ever-changing world.
HIGHER RADIAL MODES OF AZIMUTHAL SURFACE WAVES ABOVE THE UPPER-HYBRID FREQUENCY IN CYLINDRICAL WAVEGUIDES PARTIALLY FILLED BY PLASMA
Authors: Girka I. , Kondratenko V.
Published: February 2021

Azimuthal surface waves (ASWs) are known to be eigen waves of cylindrical metal waveguides partially filled by magnetoactive plasma. Zeroth radial modes were under study earlier. Their dispersion properties are known to be significantly influenced by the plasma column properties: its particle density, external axial static magnetic field, geometric dimensions, – rather than properties of the dielectric layer which separates the plasma column from the metal wall. Application of higher order ASWs in the low-frequency range was shown earlier to make it possible to get advantage of exciting ASWs with higher frequency than in the case of zeroth order ASWs without no change in the waveguide design. The present study generalises those investigation for the case of the waves above the upperhybrid frequency.
BRAGINSKII EQUATIONS FOR HOT RELATIVISTIC PLASMAS: MIXED APPROACH
Authors: Marushchenko I. , Azarenkov N.A.
Published: February 2021

In the paper, the Braginskii equations for relativistic electrons in hot plasmas with slow macroscopic fluxes are derived. This consideration is suitable for description of the typical fusion plasma with the temperatures of about several tens of kiloelectronvolt, when the plasma rotation and the longitudinal currents should be taken into account. Contrary to other papers devoted to classical description of transport processes in fusion devices, as well as to fully relativistic description of the astrophysical objects, we propose the mixed approach with fully relativistic kinetics for the hot electrons and non-relativistic macroscopic fluxes. The obtained form of the Braginskii equations includes all important features of relativistic hydrodynamics, has the same form as the classical representation, which is currently implemented into modern transport codes, and can easily replace the latter.
GAS DISCHARGE IN PLASMA-METAL WAVEGUIDE WITH VARYING RADIUS OF METAL ENCLOSURE PARTIALLY FILLED BY RADIALLY NON-UNIFORM MAGNETIZED PLASMA
Authors: Azarenkov N.A. , Olefir V.P. , Sporov A.E.
Published: February 2021

The article presents the results of theoretical study of phase and attenuation characteristics of the symmetric electromagnetic wave in long waveguide structure that partially filled by radially non-uniform plasma immersed in external steady magnetic field. The results of theoretical study of stationary gas discharge sustained by this wave in the considered waveguide structure with slightly varying radius of metal enclosure in the framework of electrodynamic model are presented as well. It was studied the influence of the effective plasma collision frequency on the phase and attenuation wave properties and on the plasma density axial distribution in gas discharge considered for different radial plasma density profiles.
DISCHARGE PARAMETERS OF MAGNETOPLASMA COMPRESSOR: EFFECT OF EXTERNAL AXIAL MAGNETIC FIELD
Authors: Solyakov D.G. , Volkova Yu.Ye. , Marchenko A.K. , Ladygina M.S. , Staltsov V.V. , Petrov Yu.V. , Chebotarev V.V. , Merenkova T.M. , Makhlaj V.A. , Yeliseyev D.V.
Published: February 2021

This paper reports the findings of our recent experiments on the evaluation of the external axial magnetic field effect on the discharge parameters of a magnetoplasma compressor (MPC). The discharge-voltage characteristics were obtained for varied magnitudes of an external axial magnetic field produced by a solenoid installed on the accelerating channel. Present experiments were carried out with helium (at the initial pressures of 2 and 10 Torr) and argon (at the initial pressure of 1 Torr) as working gases at different initial voltages. The external magnetic field varied up to 0.4 T. The discharge-voltage characteristics can be altered by the magnitude of the external magnetic field, as well as by the geometrical properties of an accelerating channel.
FORWAND BACKWARD ELECTRON YIELD RATIO FOR α-PARTICLE INDUCED EMISSION FROM DIFFERENT MATERIALS
Authors: Zhurenko V.P. , Kononenko S.I. , Kalantaryan O.V. , Avotin S.S. , Rokhmanov N.Ya.
Published: February 2021

In this work, the ratio of forward and backward electron yields for emission induced by the isotropic flux of α-particles from zinc was measured. On the basis of the measured values and experimental data obtained in earlier experiments for other materials, a systematization of the electron yield ratio for forward and backward emission was done, and a relationship of the ratio with stopping power of an ion in a substance was found. The dependence of work function for various materials on the ratio of the electron emission yields was analyzed.
TWO PEAKS OF TOTAL CURRENT IN STREAMER PROPAGATION
Authors: Bolotov O. , Kadolin B. , Mankovskyi S. , Ostroushko V. , Pashchenko I. , Taran G. , Zavada L.
Published: February 2021

The numerical simulations of the cathode directed streamer propagation in the discharge gap, with the streamer going out to cathode, are carried out. The processes are found, which take place near anode and contribute to the formation of the first of two maxima of total current time dependence. The factors are considered, which determine the propagation of the ionization process at the final stage, when the streamer approaches the cathode, and the ionization wave is propagating along the cathode surface.
HIGH VOLTAGE TEST BENCH FOR HEAVY ION BEAM PROBE
DIAGNOSTICS ON T-15MD TOKAMAK
Authors: Vadimov N.A. , Sarancha G.A. , Drabinskiy M.A. , Melnikov A.V. , Eliseev L.G. , Khabanov Ph.O. , Kharchev N.K. , Komarov O.D.
Published: February 2021

D-shaped tokamak T-15MD is nowunder construction in the NRC "Kurchatov Institute". Heavy ion beam probing (HIBP) is an important part of T-15MD diagnostic system. Calculations of the probing ions trajectories show that the beam will pass through the plasma about 1.0…1.5 m, which can lead to its significant attenuation. HIBP operation requires obtaininga high-current long-focus probing beam of Tl+ ions (I = 200…400 μA, f = 4…6 m, d ≤ 10 mm). A high voltage (300 keV) test-benchto test such beams is being created now. Numerical modeling shows the possibility of a beam formation with a current of 300 μA and diameter 12 mm at 6 m from the ion emitter.
The FGN-ASUU 2009 Agreement: Implications for Constitutional Development and Labour Relations in Nigeria
Authors: Leigh Oluwaseyi A.
Published: February 2021

Agreements are usually, but not invariably the by-product of negotiations. The complex nature of man has made disputes, contentions and disagreements become second nature to human existence; and in seeking solutions to these challenges, agreements, howsoever reached – be it through concessions, conciliations or compromises – become the vehicle through which the outcome of the negotiations and bargaining are expressed. Therefore, agreements are meant to be honoured by parties who have freely made them. This represents the most fundamental basis of human existence. This article examines the FGN-ASUU 2009 Agreement and does so against the background of constitutional development and labour relations implications of the agreement. The main focus of this paper is that if industrial unrest must be checked in Nigeria, governments at all tiers must be willing to adhere to constitutional stipulations in respect of agreements reached with labour unions.
Like as an Approximative Adverb in Formal Quantificational Contexts in Nigerian English Usage
Authors: Olayemi Oluwakemi Titilola
Published: February 2021

Some of the occurrences of like in Nigerian English usage reveal diverse linguistic dimensions that are different in forms and functions from conventionally known discourse markers. This study investigates the use of like as an approximative adverb in the formal speech situations of selected educated Nigerians with the aim of highlighting the implications that this speech mannerism may hold for English usage in Nigeria. The study adopts Labov's variability theory which explains language variation in relation to social variables. Relevant data on the use of like were drawn from purposively sampled radio and television programmes. Qualitative data were subjected to sociolinguistic analysis while quantitative data were analysed, using frequency count. Findings revealed the occurrence of like as a substitute for the approximative adverb – about. There were structures which showed the occurrence of like alone as a substitute for about; like occurring after for; and like co-occurring with about either side by side or at some point within the sentence or utterance. There were more occurrences of like as a substitute for about in the speech samples of the graduate participants than there were in those of the undergraduate participants. English usage in formal contexts by educated Nigerians reveals that like has an extended meaning in formal contexts as a synonym for the approximative adverb – about – a pattern which is unacceptable in formal English usage.
PROSTATE CANCER IN RURAL NIGERIA: DIMENSIONS, CULTURAL INTERPRETATIONS, COSTAND CARE
Authors: Aluko-Arowolo, Sola , Lawal Saheed Akinmayowa , Adedeji Isaac A. , Oduwole Ebun O. , Kolo Victor
Published: February 2021

In connection with the global prevalence of prostate cancer, the incidence of prostate cancer in Nigeria is an emerging burden that requires urgent attention. While most health policies have focused on the female gender and children, it has left most men at significant risk of health problems and challenges which are dire. In the general context of cancer and its predominance in the population of people aged 40 and over, middle aged and older men have been found to be increasingly at risk. Hence the paper examines the dimension of prostate cancer in rural Nigeria. Although socio-cultural and economic factors play significant role in the health-related decisions of the human population, the paper discusses the cultural interpretations associated with prostate cancer. It also engages previous studies being a review paper on the cost and care for people affected with the disease. In conclusion, the lack of commensurate coping resources, rural dwellers are disproportionally impacted, both by the disease and the socio-economic burdens of prostate cancer, hence the need for more policies/action to address prostate cancer prevalence and incidence in rural areas of Nigeria
Isolation and Characterization of Aeromonas veronii from Ornamental Fish Species in China
Authors: Song Y. , Hu X. , Lü A. , Sun J. , Yiksung Y. , Pei C. , Zhang C. , Li L
Published: February 2021

Aeromonas veronii infection of fish has become a significant problem in aquaculture. In this study, pure bacterial cultures were isolated from diseased ornamental fish suffering high mortality rate in China. These fish included zebrafish (Danio rerio), goldfish (Carassius auratus), oscar (Astronotus ocellatus), parrotfish (Amphilophus spp.) and crucian carp (Cyprinus carpio koi). Using morphologic, physiological, and biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA sequences analysis, nine isolates, namely strains ZG-1, ZG-2, DW-1, DW-2, KL-1, DT-116, LS-912, SJ-1 and SJ-2 were identified as A. veronii. A phylogenetic tree constructed on the basis of 16S rRNA sequences strongly indicated that the isolates were most closely related to the species A. veronii (98.43-100% similarities). The pathogenicity of the isolate was confirmed in zebrafish with median lethal dose (LD50) ranging between 1.15×106 CFU/mL and 3.94×108 CFU/mL. Antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that the isolated strains were all susceptible to cephalosporins and chloramphenicol. Furthermore, histopathology of zebrafish showed leukocyte infiltration of gill filaments, necrosis of the hepatic cell and glomerulus hemorrhage. These results will provide a scientific reference for the prevention, control, and understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of A. veronii infection in fish.
Intestinal fatty acid binding protein gene (I-FABP) in golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus (Linnaeus 1758) larvae: ontogenetic expression and response to water temperature and nutrition manipulation
Authors: Lin M. , Tang X. , Qin J.G. , Ma Z. , Wei W
Published: February 2021

The gene for fatty acid binding proteins (I-FABP) in golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus larvae was cloned and analyzed from hatch to 18 days-post hatch (DPH). The I-FABP gene (GenBank accession: MF034871) of golden pompano is composed of 815 bp with an open reading frame of 399 bp, encoded in one amino acid with a molecular weight of 15.24 kDa. The predicted amino acid sequence of I-FABP genes from golden pompano showed high similarity and identity with Japanese sea bass Lateolabrax japonicus (97% and 87.9%, AOW69620.1). The highest tissue expression of I-FABP genes was found in the intestine, followed by the eye on 18 DPH. During the ontogenetic development, the expression of I-FABP genes remained at a low level during the first five days, and reached the highest level on 12 and 18 DPH. The expression of I-FABP genes was not significantly affected by environmental temperature on 12 DPH, but was significantly affected by the temperature on 18 DPH. Nutrition enhancement with algae containing high fatty acids significantly affected the expression of I-FABP genes. The highest expression was observed in the non-enriched treatment, but the lowest expression was in the Nannochloropsis feeding treatment. Results of the present study indicate that the expression of the I-FABP gene varies with environmental temperature and nutritional conditions during the ontogenetic development of golden pompano larvae. The expression of I-FABP genes may be potentially used as an indicator for assessing nutrient supply and functional development of the digestive system in fish larvae.
Effect of Dietary Vitamin C on Growth Performance,Antioxidant Status and Innate ImmunityofJuvenilePufferfish (Takifugu obscurus)
Authors: Cheng C-H , Liang H-Y. , Guo Z-X. , Wang A-L , Ye C-X
Published: February 2021

Six practical diets were formulated to contain 2.6 (the basal diet), 48.9, 95.5, 189.83, 382.4, 779.53 mg/kg vitamin C diet. After 8 weeks of feeding, growth performance, antioxidant status, and innate immunity of juvenile pufferfish were analyzed. Results showed that specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio in fish fed diets supplemented with vitamin C were significantly higher than in fish fed the control diet. Dietary vitamin C significantly up-regulated the expression levels of growth hormone receptors and Insulin-like growth factor. Blood cell numbers and respiratory burst activity were enhanced in fish fed vitamin C diet. Serum alkaline phosphatase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase activity were significantly influenced by the dietary vitamin C levels. Fish fed diets supplemented with vitamin C showed increased hepatic superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase activity, but decreased malondialdehyde activity. In addition, we found that dietary vitamin C can significantly up-regulate the expression levels of immune-related genes (HSP70, HSP90, BAFF, TNF-α and IL-6) in liver. These results indicate that dietary vitamin C can significantly influence growth performance, antioxidant status, and innate immunity of pufferfish.
Effects of Different Levels of Dietary Surfactin Supplementation on Intestinal Morphology, and Intestinal Microflora of Growth Retarded Marbled Eel Juveniles (Anguilla marmaorata)
Authors: Zhai S-W. , Chen X-H. , Wang M-H.
Published: February 2021

This 70 day trial was conducted to investigate the effects of surfactin on intestinal morphology and intestinal microflora of growth retarded marbled eels (Anguilla marmorata). A total of six hundred and forty marbled eels at elver stage were randomly allocated to 4 treatment groups on the basis of body weight. There were 4 replicate tanks in each treatment group with 40 fish per tank. Four diets were formulated with four levels of dietary surfactin: 0, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, respectively. Fish were fed twice daily to apparent satiation for 70 days. Retarded marbled eels fed diets with surfactin supplementation had enhanced mucosa folds in their intestines (P<0.05). It seems that the quantity of mucosa folds increased with the increasing surfactin levels in the diet. Dietary surfactin supplementation decreased the E. coli population significantly (P<0.05), and increased the Lactobacillus population significantly (P<0.05), but had no effect on total bacterial population in intestines of marbled eels (P>0.05). Results of the present study indicate that surfactin improves intestinal function in retarded elvers of marbled eels.
Shewanella putrefaciens: an emerging pathogen for farmed yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco
Authors: Yang Yibin , Guo Cheng , Cao Haipeng , Lu Liqun , Yang Xianle
Published: February 2021

Bacteriosis has caused significant economic losses in farmed yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. Information is limited on Shewanella putrefaciens as a pathogen for yellow catfish. In this study, a virulent strain, temporarily named Y2, was isolated from diseased yellow catfish, identified phenotypically and molecularly as S. putrefaciens. A phylogenetic tree was constructed to examine isolate Y2 and compare it to other known isolates. In addition, isolate Y2 is apparently susceptible to aminoglycosides and tetracycline drugs for veterinary use in aquaculture as revealed when screened against a range of common antibiotics. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of S. putrefaciens as an emerging pathogen for cultured yellow catfish.
Dietary Protein Requirement of Juvenile Ide, Leuciscus idus in Relation to Growth Performance, Whole-body Composition and Plasma Parameters
Authors: Ren Mingchun , Ji Ke , Liang Hualiang , Ge Xianping , Mi Haifeng
Published: February 2021

A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to determine the dietary protein requirements of juvenile ide, Leuciscus idus. Six iso-energetic experimental diets were formulated to contain graded protein levels ranging from 26.5% to 50.9% of dry diet. At the end of feeding trial, final weight (FW), weight gain (WG), and specific growth rate (SGR) increased significantly with increasing dietary protein levels up to 36.4%, and thereafter decreased with further increase of dietary protein levels (P<0.05). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) showed a converse trend (P<0.05). Hepatosomatic index and viscerosomatic index were negatively related to dietary protein levels (P<0.05). Increase of dietary protein levels significantly improved whole-body protein content and decreased lipid content (P<0.05). White blood cell counts, red blood cell, hemoglobin, and hematocrit, were independent of dietary protein levels (P>0.05). Plasma protein content was not significantly affected by dietary protein levels (P>0.05), while plasma triglyceride and glucose concentrations were decreased significantly with increasing dietary protein levels (P<0.05). The highest aspartic transaminase activity was observed in fish fed diet 26.5% protein, and the lowest value was observed in 36.4% protein group (P<0.05). Based on SGR and FCR, the dietary protein requirement of juvenile ide was determined to be 36.9%-37.7% of dry diet. Dietary methionine and lysine levels for optimal growth was calculated to be 0.83% and 2.25% of dry diet, respectively.
Effect of Dietary Soybean Lecithin and Cholesterol on Growth, Antioxidant Status and Fatty Acid Composition of Juvenile Swimming Crab, Portunus trituberculatus
Authors: Sun Peng , Jin Min , Ding Liyun , Lu You , Yuan Ye , Ma Hongna , Zhoua Qicun
Published: February 2021

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary soybean lecithin and cholesterol levels on the growth, antioxidant status and fatty acid composition in the tissues of swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus). Eight experimental diets were formulated to contain four levels of soybean lecithin (0, 10, 20 and 40 g kg-1 of diet) and two cholesterol levels (0 and 6 g kg-1 of diet). Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 60 swimming crabs (approximately 3.70 ± 0.03 g). The highest weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and molting frequency (MF) were observed with crabs fed the diet supplemented with 40 g kg-1 lecithin and 6 g kg-1 cholesterol. Crabs fed the diet without lecithin and cholesterol had a lower WG and SGR as compared to those fed the other diets. Cholesterol, triglyceride and glucose concentrations in the serum were significantly influenced by soybean lecithin and cholesterol levels. Crabs fed the diets containing 40 g kg-1 lecithin with or without cholesterol supplementation had lower malondialdehyde (MDA) in the hepatopancreas as compared to those fed the other diets. Moreover, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and lysozyme activities in the hepatopancreas were significantly affected by the dietary soybean lecithin and cholesterol levels. Highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) in the muscles were not significantly influenced by the dietary soybean lecithin and cholesterol levels. The concentrations of total HUFA in hepatopancreas were significantly influenced by the dietary soybean lecithin and cholesterol levels. In conclusion, interaction between dietary soybean lecithin and cholesterol affects growth performance, feed utilization and fatty acids in the hepatopancreas, dietary soybean lecithin and cholesterol supplementation enhance lipid transportation and metabolism
Isolation and Characterization of Acinetobacter lwoffii from the Intestine of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)
Authors: Lü Aijun , Wei Zhen , Hu Xiucai , Sun Jingfeng , Pei Chao , Zhang Chao , Li Li , Li AiLing
Published: February 2021

Acinetobacter lwoffii infections are largely concentrated in mammals; very few reports are available for such infections in fish. In this study, a Gram-negative rod bacillus was isolated from the intestine of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), and designed as strain CY1. The isolated strain was then identified as A. lwoffii according to morphological, physiological, and biochemical properties, and 16S rDNA sequencing. The phylogenetic tree constructed on the basis of 16S rDNA sequences indicated that strain CY1 is most closely related to A. lwoffii, and has 98.08% similarity with type strain ATCC17925. Experimental infection assays were conducted, and a cumulative mortality rate of 75% was observed in grass carp. Antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that the isolated strain CY1 was highly susceptible to most antimicrobial agents tested, including aminoglycosides, β-lactams, and quinolones. To our knowledge, this is the first report on pathogenic A. lwoffii in grass carp.
Effects of Air Exposure and Re-Submersion on Oxidative Stress of Marine Gastropod, Babylonia areolata
Authors: Li Hui-Ling , Yang Shi-Ping , Guo Wen-Jun , Tan Zhen-Hua , Chan Siuming Francis
Published: February 2021

The effects of air exposure on the antioxidant capacity of marine gastropod, Babylonia areolata, were evaluated. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) levels in the muscle and hepatopancreas in B. areolata were measured after air exposure and re-submersion. Results showed that SOD activity minimally increased in the hepatopancreas and muscle, after air exposure for 4h. SOD activity in the hepatopancreas was lower than the normal level after 20 h of air exposure and air exposure followed by 4 h of re-submersion. T-AOC levels in the hepatopancreas and muscle of B. areolata decreased significantly (P<0.05) following the period of air exposure. MDA content in the hepatopancreas of B. areolata subjected to air exposure for 24 and 28 h was significantly higher than the normal level. SOD activity in the hepatopancreas and T- AOC level in the hepatopancreas and muscle of B. areolata recovered to the normal level after 12 h of air exposure followed by 8 h of re-submersion. Air exposure can cause oxidative damage to B. areolata. The antioxidative system can be restored after air exposure for less than 12 h followed by re-submersion for 8 h.