bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPARISON OF OBSTETRICAL COMPLICATIONS IN MULTIPARA AND GRAND MULTIPARA
Authors: Tariq Rubina , Javed Aymen , Noreen Zahida
Published: December 2020

Pakistan is a low resource, developing country. (1) The incidence of grand multiparity is very high due to various reasons like lack of education, poor knowledge, and availability of family planning methods, various social and cultural reasons. Grand multiparity is mostly associated with increasing maternal age, which is an independent risk factor for various antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum complications. (2)
ANALYSIS OF DISCARDED BLOOD UNITS IN A TERTIARY CARE INSTITUTE –A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: W Chopade S , B Patil S , P Shinde A , T Bharati , S Sarate D , S Umap P , Bharati Tapasya
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Blood is a valuable resource & Ideally  in  a  good  set  up,  wastage  of  blood  and  blood products should never occur. But to maintain balance between demand and supply of blood and blood products blood banks have to keep adequate and satisfactory stock of blood all the time, still a very small amount of blood wasting in blood bank can occur.

Aims & objectives: Present study was undertaken to analyse the causes of discarded whole blood units, discard rate and the measures to reduce number of discard in blood bank attached to tertiary care institute.

Material and Methods: In present study yearly data of whole blood discarded units & yearly collection of 10 years from 2010-2019 was collected from the discard registers & yearly reports of blood bank, govt. medical college, akola and analysed.

Results & Conclusion: It has been found that out of total 77514 whole blood units which were collected, 2276 (2.93%) whole blood units were discarded. Of the total discarded whole blood units, 966 (42.44%) were discarded due to seropositivity for TTI, 801 (35.19%) due to insufficient quantity, 378 (16.61%) due to expiry, 112 (4.92%) due to other causes & 19 whole blood units were hemolysed.

Blood stock and quality management system, Trained, dedicated & adequate staff, properly functioning blood transfusion committee to monitor activities of blood transfusion service and timely implementation of guidelines are the pre-requisites to provide safe and effective blood and to minimize discard of blood.

Keywords: Blood, valuable resource, discard, TTI, quality management system
Effect of daily sedation interruption and the patient’s outcome who are under mechanical ventilation: A mini systematic review
Authors: Satolia Konstantina , Alefragkis Dimitrios
Published: December 2020

Continuous administration of sedatives to the intensive care unit may increase the duration of mechanical ventilation, extend the patient's stay in the intensive care unit, and, subsequently, to the hospital. The objective was to improve the outcome of intubated patients in terms of the total duration of mechanical ventilation, the stay of these patients in the intensive care unit (ICU), and their mortality. This systematic review was conducted using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The literature search was conducted in October 2020. Articles were searched in the PubMed and Cochrane Library online databases. Data were extracted from all included research studies and analyzed thematically. The search duration was between 2008 and 2018. The studies do not document statistically significant differences with the parameters under study (total duration of mechanical ventilation, the total length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality), for a better outcome of intubated patients. The application of the daily sedation interruption (DSI) did not appear to affect the duration of Mechanical Ventilation, the length of stay in the ICU, and mortality in intubated patients.

Keywords: Daily sedation interruption, intubated patients
Protective Effects of Co-Treatment With Hydroethanolic Extract of Origanum Vulgare on Gentamicin-Induced Renal Toxicity in Rats
Authors:   Department of Physiology,  School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran., Hajihashemi Saeed , Rajabi Razieh ,   Department of Physiology,  School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran., Ghiasabadi Farahani Atefeh ,   Department of Physiology,  School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
Published: December 2020

Objective: Renal toxicity and ototoxicity are considered as the main side effects of aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as gentamicin. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of co-treatment by origanum vulgare extract on the gentamicin-induced renal toxicity. Methods: Adult male Wistar rats in the weight range of 200 to 250 grams were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 8): control, renal toxicity (with the intraperitoneal injection of gentamicin [100 mg/kg/day], for eight days), co-treatment with OV extract and gentamicin vehicle (with the intraperitoneal injection of normal saline and OV extract gavage [40 mg/kg], for eight days), co-treatment with OV ethanolic extract (with the intraperitoneal injection of gentamicin [100 mg/kg/day] and OV extract gavage [40 mg/kg]), for eight days. The amount of urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, and osmolality were measured in the plasma and urine samples. The left kidney was used for the histological study and the right kidney was used to measure MDA and FRAP. Results: treatment with OV ethanolic extract significantly decreased the blood concentrations of creatinine, urea, the absolute excretion of sodium, the fractional excretion of sodium and potassium, and MDA, compared with the renal toxicity group. Besides, co-treatment with ethanolic extract of origanum Vulgare significantly increased creatinine clearance, urinary osmolality, and FRAP, compared with the renal toxicity group. Conclusion: The oral co-treatment with ethanolic extract of origanum vulgare has a protective effect on gentamicin-induced renal toxicity. This effect can be induced by reducing the oxidative stress caused by free radicals and reducing the amount of lipid peroxidation caused by gentamicin.
Effect of Eight Weeks of Aerobic Progressive Training with Capsaicin on Changes in PGC-1α and UPC-1 Expression in Visceral Adipose Tissue of Obese Rats With Diet
Authors:   Department of Exercise Physiology, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran., Mostafavian Maryam , Abdi Ahmad ,   Department of Exercise Physiology, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran., Mehrabani Javad ,   Department of Exercise Physiology, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran., Barari Alireza ,   Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Guilan University, Rasht, Iran.
Published: December 2020

Objective: Decreased physical activity coupled with increased High‐Fat Diet (HFD) intake prompts obesity. Current research suggests that changing White Adipose Tissue (WAT) to brown promotes energy expenditure to counter obesity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic Progressive training and Capsaicin (Cap) on Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) and Uncoupling protein-1 (UPC-1) gene expression in rat fed a high-fat diet. Methods: 40 male Wistar rats aged 8-12 weeks, were fed a Normal Diet (ND) (n=8) or HFD (n=32) for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, rats were divided into 5 groups: ND, HFD, High-Fat Diet-Training (HFDT), High-Fat Diet-Capsaicin (HFDCap), high-fat diet-training-capsaicin (HFDTCap). Training groups have performed a progressive aerobic running program on a motor-driven treadmill for eight weeks. Capsaicin (4 mg/kg/day) were administered orally, by gavage, once a day. PGC-1α and UCP-1 gene expression levels in the VAT were measured by Real-time PCR method. Results: The results of this study showed that PGC-1α and UCP-expression was decreased in HFD group compared to ND group. Also, the expression of PGC-1α and UPC-1 in HFDT, HFDCap and HFDTCap groups was significantly increased compared to HFD. The expression of PGC-1α and UPC-1 in HFDTCap was also significantly increased compared to HFDT and HFDCap groups. Conclusion: Possibly, eight weeks of progressive training combined with capsaicin administration has an effect on the browning of visceral adipose tissue in HFD rats by increasing expression of PGC-1α and UCP-1.
Investigation of the Effect of Artichoke (Cynara Scolymus L.) on Characteristics of the Fatty Liver
Authors:   Department of Natural Resources, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extention Organization, Hamedan, Iran., Kalvandi Ramazan , Rajabi Mohsen ,   Department of Natural Resources, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extention Organization, Hamedan, Iran., Kahramfar Zohreh ,   Clinical Research Development Unit of Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran., Chaleh Cheleh Tahereh ,   Department of Natural Resources, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extention Organization, Hamedan, Iran.
Published: December 2020

Objective: Fatty liver causes progression in liver damage and accelerates liver fibrosis. Fatty liver may enhance AST and ALT enzymes in blood. Infiltration of lipid in liver is associated with an increasing in its echogenicity, depending on the severity of the lipid infiltration.  Methods: This study is a randomized non-blind clinical trial in order to investigate the effect of Artichoke (Cynara Scolymus L.) herbal tea.  The leaves of the plant were consumed twice a day (one tablespoon in a glass of boiling water for 20 minutes on indirect heat) for 45 days. Using Pokak analytical sampling formula, 70 patients (47 females and 23 males) aged 25 to 63 years were finally tested and the effect of this plant on parenchymal echogenic levels of liver, AST, and ALT of their liver was investigated. Liver enzymes and abdominal ultrasound were performed at the beginning and after treatment and studied people were grouped according to the ultrasound criteria for fatty liver disease after obtaining informed consent. The means were compared using paired t-test and data were analyzed by SPSS  v.18 software. Results: Results showed that studied people, for fatty liver disease were grouped as follows: mild (23 patients, %32.86) as grade 1, moderate (38 patients, %54.28) as grade 2, and severe (9 patients, %12.86) as grade 3. At the end of this study, fatty liver grade was decreased in 51 patients (P≤0.05). However, 19 women didn’t show expected change in the grade of fatty liver. The Mean±SD of the enzymes measured in all patients before and after treatment were 5.49±26.76 and 36.96±13.01 for ALT, and 3641.20±14.46 and 31.76±12.26 for AST. Statistical analysis of the results by t-test showed significant decreasing for ALT and AST levels (P≤0.01).  Conclusion: The results of this study showed that it seems this plant can be used to improve the laboratory symptoms of fatty liver.
The Effect of Endurance Training and Saffron Extract on Plasma Levels of Interleukin 17 and 18 in Alzheimer’s Rats by Trimethyltin Chloride
Authors:   Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran., Tahvili Fatemeh , Ahmadi Mozhgan ,   Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Humanities, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Published: December 2020

Objective: The Pathological symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease and the degeneration of nerve cells cause inflammation in these patients. This study aimed to investigate the effect of endurance training and saffron extract on the plasma levels of interleukin 17 and 18 in Alzheimer’s rats by trimethyltin chloride.  Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 180 ± 20 grams. After Alzheimer’s induction (by the intraperitoneal injection of 80 mg/kg trimethyltin chloride), the rats were randomly assigned into four groups: control, training, saffron extract, saffron extract + training. The saffron extract was injected intraperitoneally at the dose of 25 mg/kg, daily, for eight weeks. Also, the endurance training program consisted of incremental running on the treadmill at a speed of 15 to 20 m/min. The program was performed in 15 to 30 minutes sessions, three sessions per week, for eight weeks. Finally, the obtained data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA at the P < 0.05. Results: The results showed that exercise (P=0.10), saffron consumption (P=0.07), and the interaction of exercise and saffron consumption (P=0.06) did not significantly affect interleukin 17, in rats. Also, exercise (P=0.68), saffron consumption (P=0.84), and the interaction of exercise and saffron consumption (P=0.57) had no significant effect on interleukin 18, in rats. Conclusion: According to the results, it seems that exercise training and saffron extract do not affect the interleukin 17 and interleukin 18 in Alzheimer’s rats.
The Effect of Acupressure at P6 Point on Anxiety and Depression in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors:   Department of Nursing, School of Medicin, Zabol of Medical sciences, Zabol, Iran., Siasari Ahmadreza , Zamani Afshar Mansour ,   Department of Phychology, Payambar Azam Hospital, Zahedan of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran., Sargolzaie Fatemeh ,   Department of Nursing, School of Medicin, Hamedan of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran., Saberi Najmeh ,   Department of Nursing, School of Medicin, Zahedan of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran., Dehghanmehr Sadegh ,   Department of Nursing, School of Medicin, Zahedan of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
Published: December 2020

Objective: Anxiety and depression are the most common psychological problems and effective on treatment process in hemodialysis patients. Acupressure is inexpensive, effective, and available method for reducing anxiety and depression. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of acupressure on anxiety and depression in hemodialysis patients. Methods: This study was a clinical trial, conducted on 40 patient’s referral to Imam Khomeini medical center in Zabul at 2017. Patient-based census method selected and randomly divided in two groups (intervention group: 20, control group: 20). For data collection we used demographic, Spielberger Anxiety and Beck Depression Questionnaire. The intervention group received acupressure in p6 point in three days a week for four weeks. Data were collected before and one month after the intervention then data analyzed by SPSS v. 16 with paired t-test and independent statistical test.   Results: The Mean±SD depression and anxiety score after intervention were 25.41±5.67 and 37.15±5.13, respectively. Evaluation of depression and anxiety scores after intervention showed a significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that acupressure is effective in reducing anxiety and depression in patients. Therefore, it is recommended as a simple, inexpensive, and workable method by the patient himself.
Follow-up Comparison of the Effect of Eight-weeks Corrective Exercises With and Without Myofascial Release on Postural Kyphosis Deformity
Authors:   PhD. Student of Sports Injury and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran., Mousavi Seyed Hossein , Minoonejad Hooman ,   Associate Professor, Department of Health and Sport Medicine, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran., Rajabi Reza ,   Professor, Department of Health and Sport Medicine, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran., Seidi Foad ,   Associate Professor, Department of Health and Sport Medicine, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University Of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Published: December 2020

Introduction: The present research aimed to compare and follow-up the effect of 8-week corrective exercises with and without the myofascial release on functional kyphosis deformity in young adults. Methods: It was a randomized controlled trial in the university laboratory. Forty-five male students suffering from abnormal hyperkyphosis deformity (kyphosis of more than 42°) were selected and randomly assigned to three groups: corrective exercises, combinational exercises (corrective and myofascial release), and control. The Mean±SD age, height, and weight of the study sample were 22.12±2.88 years, 175.44±6.80 cm, and 71.21±7.31 kg, respectively. The study groups did the exercises for 8 weeks, under the direct observation of the researchers. The kyphosis angle of the participants was measured using a flexible ruler, at the baseline, post-test, and follow-up (4 weeks after the end of the exercises) stages. The collected data were analyzed with repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) tests. Results: After 8 weeks of exercises, the degree of kyphosis in the post-test and follow-up stages was significantly lower than that in the pre-test, in both training groups. The results of the ANCOVA test demonstrated that the thoracic kyphosis degree in the combinational exercises group was significantly lower than that of the corrective exercises group (P≤0.05), in the post-test and follow-up stages. Conclusion: According to the results, the corrective exercises program in combination with the myofascial release is more effective than the corrective exercises alone, in correcting the thoracic kyphosis deformity.
Effect of Fatigue on Ground Reaction Force Variables During Single-leg Landing in Athletes With the History of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
Authors:   PhD. Student, Department of Health and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran., Dashti Rostami Komeil , Alizadeh Mohammad Hossein ,   Professor, Department of Health and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran., Minoonejad Hooman ,   ssociate Professor, Department of Health and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran., Yazdi Hamidreza ,   Associate Professor, Neuromusculoskeletal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Since people experience fatigue after anterior cruciate ligament injury during exercises, it is important to understand how fatigue affects the biomechanical movement patterns. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of fatigue on ground reaction force variables during single-leg landing in athletes with a history of an anterior cruciate ligament sprain. Methods: it was a case-control study conducted in the University Laboratory. The sample consisted of 36 male athletes who were divided into three groups: 12 people with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (ACLR), 12 people with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficiency (ACLD), and 12 people as the control group. Fatigue was induced via the repetitive sets of double-leg squats (n=8), which were interspersed with the sets of countermovement jumps (n=2) and single-leg landings (n=3) until squats were no longer possible. A 2×2 repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance was used to detect the main effects of group (ACLD, ACLR, control) and fatigue state (prefatigue, postfatigue) on the ground reaction forces variables. Results: The results showed a significant decrease in the peak vertical force and internal-external ground reaction force in the ACLD group after fatigue. Regardless of the fatigue state, the peak vertical ground reaction force in ACLD and ACLR groups was significantly lower than that in the control group. Conclusion: The athletes with the ACL injury, regardless of the selective treatment type, use compensatory strategies to reduce the contact forces on the lower extremity, compared with healthy athletes.
Relationship Between the History of Injury and Functional Movement Screening Scores in Iran National Team Wrestlers
Authors:   ssistant Professor of Corrective Exercises and Sport Injuries, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tehran Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Rahimi Mohammad , Rajabi Reza ,   Professor, Department of Health and Sport Medicin, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran., Minoonejad Hooman ,   Associate Professor, Department of Health and Sport Medicin, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran., Alizadeh Mohammad Hosain ,   Professor, Department of Health and Sport Medicine, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Wrestling is one of the most popular Olympic sports in Iran. Therefore, preseason screening and the prevention of sports injuries are very important. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the history of injury and Functional Movement Screen (FMS) scores of the national team wrestlers and determine the cut-off point. Methods: The statistical sample included 136 national team wrestlers. The obtained data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test, ROC curve, and contingency table. Results: The results showed that FMS scores were higher in the wrestlers without previous injury compared to the injured ones. The t-test results demonstrated no significant difference between deep squat, straight and active leg raise, trunk stability push-up, and rotatory stability. According to the results, there is a poor negative, but statistically significant, the relationship between the number of previous injuries and FMS scores. Based on the ROC curve for FMS, the cut-off point of 16.5 was reported with the sensitivity and specificity values of 0.587 and 0.658, respectively. Conclusion: The results indicated that FMS can be used for fast and accurate control of injury probability in wrestling athletes. Therefore, besides the medical tests, FMS tests should be employed by wrestling coaches as a valid tool for injury prevention and the identification of athletes prone to injury.
Effect of a Four-week Core Stability Training Program on the Kinetic Parameters in Athletes With Functional Ankle Instability During Single-leg Drop Landing
Authors:   Sc. Student, Department of Health and Sport Medicin, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran., Pirmohammadi Narges , Shirzad Elham ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Health and Sport Medicin, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran., Minounejad Hooman ,   ssociate Professor, Department of Health and Sport Medicin, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Published: December 2020

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the effect of a 4-week core stability training program on landing kinetic parameters in athletes with functional ankle instability during a single-leg drop landing exercise. Methods: This study used a pre-post quasi-experimental design and was conducted in the biomechanics laboratory. A total number of 24 athletes with functional ankle instability participated in two experimental (n=12) and control (n=12) groups. The experimental group performed core stability training for 4 weeks. The kinetic variables (maximum vertical Ground-Reaction Force [GRF], maximum shear GRF, and time to peak vertical GRF) were measured with force plate at the frequency of 400 Hz, in the pre-test and post-test. The obtained data were compared using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) and multivariate analysis of covariance MANCOVA in SPSS V. 18. Results: In the experimental group, all variables significantly differ between the pre-test and post-test. Also, the ANCOVA and MANCOVA indicated significant differences between the experimental and control groups in all variables. Conclusion: The results indicated that the core stability training improved the kinetic parameters of landing in people with functional ankle instability; thus, it can reduce the re-injury risk of the ankle.
Comparing the Musculoskeletal Disorders of the Neck Between the Teachers of Physical Education and Other Majors in High Schools of Tehran City, Iran
Authors:   MSc. Department of Health and Sport Medicin, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran., Rahimipour Najafabadi Elham , Rajabi Reza ,   Professor, Department of Health and Sport Medicin, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran., Alizade Mohammad Hossein ,   Professor, Department of Health and Sport Medicin, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran., Mirabedi Ali ,   PhD. of Sport Injury and Corrective Exercises, Alborz Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Musculoskeletal Disorders (MDs) largely contribute to occupational diseases in the workplace. Prevention from these disorders requires their evaluation in different occupations. This study aimed to compare the MDs of the neck between the teachers of Physical Education (PE) and those of the other majors in the high schools of Tehran City, Iran. Methods: The study sample included 180 teachers of mathematics, PE, and the religion and lifestyle in the high schools of Tehran (with the Mean±SD age of 42.11±6.65 years, and the Mean±SD weight of 72.28±12.98 kg). The participants were selected from 19 districts of the Tehran Departments of Education using multistage cluster sampling. The standard Nordic questionnaire was administered to investigate MDs among the teachers. The obtained data were analyzed with the Chi-square test to compare the MDs of the neck between the three groups of teachers. Results: A significant relationship was observed between the neck problems of the female (P=0.016) and male (P=0.017) PE teachers and the other teachers. Moreover, the neck problems were associated with the teaching experience (P=0.024) and teaching major (P=0.004). Conclusion: Based on the results, it seems that regular exercise can reduce the developing risk of MDs in the neck. Thus, this study recommends the performance of regular exercise and the correction of job-related postures to all teachers.
Comparing Biomechanical Risk Factors of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury of Elite Female Soccer Players During the Shearing Maneuver and Header on the Natural Grass and Artificial Turf
Authors:   PhD. Student of Sports Biomechanics, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran., Alipour Ataabadi Yasamin , Sadeghi Heydar ,   Professor, Department of Health and Sport Medicin, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran., Alizadeh Mohammad Hosein ,   Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran., Khaleghi Mehdi ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Nowadays, the use of artificial turf fields has become widespread. Given the high prevalence of noncontact injuries among female soccer players and high contribution of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury, this research was conducted to compare biomechanical risk factors in the incidence of ACL injury for elite female soccer players during shearing maneuver and header on the natural grass and artificial turf fields. Methods: Sixteen players were selected from U-14 women’s national team by the convenience sampling method and started to perform the skills. Knee joint information was calculated by a 3D imaging system and a force plate. Statistical differences were reported using the dependent t-test at a significant level of 0.05. Results: The findings showed that the biomechanical behavior of the lower extremity while performing soccer skills on the natural grass was affected differently from that on the artificial turf. Results also demonstrated that the torque applied to the knee joint on the natural grass was higher than that on the artificial turf (P=0.039). Angular velocity on the artificial turf was also higher than that on the natural grass (P=0.006). Conclusion: The higher knee joint torque and the lower angular velocity on natural grass may result in a higher risk of ACL injury on the natural grass than on the artificial turf. Therefore, the use of prevention programs for ACL injury is crucial to minimize the incidence of lower extremity injuries.
Synthesis and TL glow analysis by Ce, Cu, Eu Dy and Mn doped LiMgBO3 and LiSrBO3Phosphor
Authors: Aghalte G. A. , Pawar N. R.
Published: December 2020

The present paper reports the combustion synthesis of LiMgBO3 and LiSrBO3 phosphor by various dopants Ce Cu, Eu, Dy and Mn and study their TL glow curve for TL dosimetry. During the combustion synthesis we have synthesized LiMgBO3 and LiSrBO3 phosphor by using various activators Ce, Cu, Eu, Dy and Mn so as to explore the possible compound for TL glow curve analysis and their application for TL dosimetry. The combustion synthesis method is very simple and time saving method. This work deals with detail procedure for synthesis LiMgBO3 and LiSrBO3 phosphor by various dopants Ce Cu, Eu, Dy and Mn and study of their TL glow curve analysis and luminescent characteristics for TL dosimetry.
Green Chemistry : Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Kaur Manpreet , Singh Jaspreet , Notiyal Durgesh
Published: December 2020

Green chemistry has now been around for two decades, and it has been making a real difference in our world. The well-known companies and organizations that have embraced the discipline include Nike, BASF, Hewlett-Packard, the National Aeronautics & Space Administration, Eastman Chemical, United Soybean Board, Pfizer, the Environmental Protection Agency, Bayer Material Science, Codexis, Johnson & Johnson, Amgen, DuPont, and World Wildlife Fund. The global market for green chemistry is predicted to grow exponentially in the coming years, to $98.5 billion by 2020. The young discipline has produced thousands of scientific papers. Research networks in more than 30 countries on every settled continent have been formed along with at least four new international scientific journals. Green chemistry has been credited for decreasing the amount of chemical waste released to the air, water, and land. It has also spawned new areas of research including green solvents, bio-based transformations and materials, alternative energy science, molecular self-assembly, next-generation catalyst design, and molecular design for reduced hazard. Some industry reports predict green chemistry as the future of all chemistry
To Compare the Effect Between Two Different Priorities Dual Task Balance Training in Older Adults with Balance Impairment
Authors: Verma Meenakshi , Awasthi Supriya , Sharma Bhavna
Published: December 2020

Background and Purpose: Balance is controlled through a complex process involving sensory, visual, vestibular and cerebral functioning which get affected by various neurological disorders such as fall. The purpose of the study was to compare the efficiency of three different balance training strategies in an effort to understand the mechanisms underlying training-related changes in dual task balance performance of older adults with balance impairment.

Methods: 45 older adults with balance impairment were recruited and randomly assigned to three groups. Group one received single task balance training, group two received dual task training balance training under fixed priority, group three received dual task balance training under variable priority. Subjects received one-hour individualized training sessions, five times in a week for two weeks. Berg balance scale and time up and go test were the outcome measure and their scores for all groups were taken prior and after the training.

Results: One-way analysis of variance was used to analyse the difference among the balance improvement in Group one, two and three. And the results revealed that post intervention scores were highly significant (p£ 0.05) in group two and group three performed better than group one.

Conclusion: In conclusion, dual task training is effective in improving balance under dual task context in older adults with balance impairment, and single task training may not generalize to balance performance under dual task conditions.
Design Modification of Automated Power Window Circuit System for Automobiles Air -Condition.
Authors: Sekyi-Ansah Joseph , Quaisie James   Kwasi , Eduyah Isaac , Okoe Alhassan Mohammed , Quansah Eric , Andoh-Acquah Esther Kyere
Published: December 2020

Air conditioning has become a key component in the automobile industry now, and almost every vehicle manufactured in the 21st century has air conditioning integrated. Most drivers drive with their air conditioning on while some of their windows are not fully closed; this affects the operation of the air conditioning. In addition, if the driver wants to turn on the air conditioning while driving, he or she has to move up the power windows manually after or before he or she turns on the air conditioning, which may affect his or her concentration on the road. The concept of this power window circuit system is to automatically close the windows after a few seconds when the air conditioner is turned on.
Green Cellular Delivery of Copper Nanoparticle from Mirabilis Jalapa Flower Extract and Its Antipathogenic Activity
Authors: Rathi C R , Suresh S N
Published: December 2020

Bio friendly green modest synthesis of nanoparticles are the present research in the extremity of nanotechnology. This study has been undertaken to explore the determinants of copper nanoparticles from 1 mM CuSO4 solution through profuse concentration of aqueous flower extract of Mirabilis jalapa reducing besides immobilizing agent. The attribute of copper nanoparticles was studied by using UV-VIS spectroscopy SEM and XRD. The XRD spectrum of the copper nanoparticles established the presence of elemental copper signal. Green synthesized copper nanoparticles manifests the zone of inhibition against isolated human pathogenic (Streptococcus species, Bacillus species, Staphylococcus species, Klebsiella species and E. coli) bacteria. The analytical chassis contains the flower pigment betalain the natural food dye resources can efficiently use in the production of copper nanoparticles and it could be utilized in various fields in therapeutical and nanotechnology.
Heart Disease Prediction Based on an Optimal Feature Selection Method using Autoencoder
Authors: M. A. Azhar , Thomas Princy Ann
Published: December 2020

Heart Failure is one of the common diseases that can lead to dangerous situations. There are several data available within the healthcare systems. However, there was an absence of successful analysis methods to find connections and patterns in health care data. Some Machine learning methods can help us remedy this circumstance. This helps in getting a better insight into the concept of a classification problem. In many classification problems, it is difficult to learn good classifiers before removing these unwanted features due to the huge size of the data. In my work, we have used an artificial neural network-based autoencoder for effective feature selection The aim of feature selection is improving prediction performance and providing a better understanding of the process data. Hybrid Classification method with a dynamic integration algorithm for classification that aims at finding optimal features by applying machine learning techniques resulting in improving the performance in the prediction of cardiovascular disease.
Arduino Controlled Cooling Smart Footwear
Authors: Nazeer A. Mohamed , Sasikala S. , Kumar M. Sathish , Yogeshwaran M. , Veeramani K. , Vigneshwaran R.
Published: December 2020

This paper presents the design and fabrication of a smart footwear using peltier module. It is developed such a way that it works in various difficult weather conditions. This system works on the principle of peltier effect, which is a reciprocal of seebeck effect. This system is designed to maintain a comfortable temperature inside the footwear. This footwear may help the workers in thermal power plants, cement industries, people working in the hot weather conditions. The peltier cell consists of two surfaces of cold and hot which moves electrons between the surfaces by reversing the direction of the current. Inside the peltier’s module, a P-N junction diode like structure, made of two different metals having a high difference of electron density. The higher density diffused component in cold and hot junctions improves the performance of peltier cell.
Microwave Assisted Synthesis, Antimicrobial and Anti-inflammatory Potential of Some Novel 1,2,4-triazole Derivatives
Authors: V. Chitruk Ankita , R. Yadav Akshay , P. Rode Priyanka , K. Mohite Shrinivas , S. Magdum Chandrakant
Published: December 2020

A series of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives were synthesized under microwave irradiation and characterized by IR, 1H-NMR, and mass spectral data. Pathogenic microorganisms are causative agents for different types of serious infectious diseases. Despite advancements in medication, bacterial infections continue to be a growing problem in health care. As more and more bacteria become resistant to antibiotics used in therapy there is considerable interest in the development of new compounds with antimicrobial activity. Inflammation is a central part of the response to injury and infection in the immune system. It may become problematic if the inflammatory process continues for too long. External infections involving the skin and wound are the most frequent complications affecting humans and animals. The compounds containing a heterocyclic ring play an important role among organic compounds with biological activity used as drugs in human, veterinary medicine or as insecticides and pesticides in agriculture. The compounds were evaluated for their in antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity against some strains of bacteria. The pharmacological evaluation of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives revealed that, among all the compounds screened compound code 2b showed leading antibacterial activity against the selected pathogenic strains of bacteria and compound code 2e were found to have promising anti-inflammatory activity.
Green approach to Chemo-Selective N-Boc Protection of Amines using Catalytic amount of Lithium Hydroxide Monohydrate under Solvent Free Condition
Authors: P. Gondake Sandip , R. Kshirsagar Santosh , S. Pise Ashok , S. Kapase Valmik , I. Shinde Sagar
Published: December 2020

The protecting group plays important role in synthesis of multifunctional targets. A simple rapid efficient and green method for chemo-selective N-Boc protection of amines using Lithium hydroxide as a green catalyst. In the present work amine protection in presence of ditert-butyl carbonate under solvent free condition is carried out. An efficient green protocol for chemoselctive N-Boc protection of aryl, aliphatic, aromatic, acyclic and hetero cyclic amines (1 m mol %)( 10, 20, 30) were carried out with ditert-butyl carbonate (Boc)2 O using Lithium hydroxide monohydrate (10 mol %) at room temperature under solvent free condition to give white solid monitored on TLC. No side reactions are observed .The present protocol were simple, rapid, efficient, shorter reaction times, high yielding, highly selective, economical and eco-friendly
Estimation of Relative Hazard between Groups of Cancer patients in North West Nigeria
Authors: Dalatu Boyi Abubakar , Ladan Shehu , O. Jude Nwoji , A. Sabo Shamsuddeen
Published: December 2020

A problem in population-based cancer survival analysis is the estimation of relative hazard between patients with different characteristics handled in the same registry center. In this work, we use the Cox proportional hazard model to find an estimated hazard ratio between two patients having different characteristics. The procedure was then fitted has been applied on the data collected from Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH) Zaria Cancer Registry Center. The result indicated that female and frail patients are more prone to failure than male and non frail patients respectively.
Fungitoxic effect of ethanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica A. Juss, Ocimum gratissimum and Benlate in the control of Post harvest Fungal diseases of Solanum melongena Linn (Egg plant).
Authors: Nneka V. Chiejina , Olatunji Bola Gambari Uthman
Published: December 2020

Fungitoxic properties of ethanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica, Ocimum gratissimum and benlate were used in vitro for the control of post-harvest fungal diseases of Solanum melongena, caused by Aspergillus niger, Rhizoctonia solani and Mucor ramosissimus. Pathogenicity test confirmed them as the causal organisms of the fruit rots. The three pathogens were treated with both ethanol and aqueous leaf extracts of the two plants at concentrations ranging from 25 to 100% and benlate at concentrations between 2.5 and 10.0%. Various concentrations were added to prepared Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media. The pathogens were inoculated separately into the PDA media and were incubated for eight days. Fungitoxic effects of these extracts on the mycelial growth of the pathogens were significant at P?0.05 for all treatments. The pathogens were completely inhibited at 100% concentration of both extracts and at 10% concentration of benlate. With respect to ethanolic extract; O.gratissimum was more efficient than A. indica but not with aqueous extract.
Extent and Rate of Changes in Landuse/Landcover Around Kaduna Refining and Petrochemical Company, Chikun Local Government, Kaduna State
Authors: Damau Shehu Zakari , Usman Bara'u Yakubu , Alhaji Yusuf Maharazu , Idris Tanko Adamu
Published: December 2020

Anthropogenic activities on land resulted in landuse/landcover change including vegetation. Landuse changes play a role in the sustainability of refinery because of associated environmental effects. Moreover, there is growing societal concern about the spatial and temporal scales of some types of conversions, such as deforestation and urbanization. This paper determine the extent and rate of changes in landuse/landcover as a result of establishment of Kaduna Refinery and petrochemical company. The study employed the used of Remote Sensing and GIS techniques in acquiring and analysing the data respectively. The 1974 Landsat 4 Multispectral Scanner (MSS) 60m resolution, 1986 Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) 30m resolution, 1999 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) 30m resolution and 2018 Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) 30m resolution images were used. A supervised Image classification method was used because of its high accuracy. This was carried out using ArcGIS 10.5 software. The built-up areas were constantly increasing, while vegetation and agricultural land were decreasing proportionally due to clearance to make room for the industry and settlements for staff and refinery attracted population. There is need for establishment of a programs that promote tree planting, must especially the exotics ones as they are the most threatened species in the area. The present agricultural land need to be preserve and new ones need to be open and expanded in order to improve the agricultural activities of the area.
Microsponge Technology for Innovative Drug Delivery System
Authors: A. S. Lendave
Published: December 2020

Microsponge drug delivery system (MDDS) technology holds a remarkable promise for achieving the aim of controlled and site-specific drug delivery which reduce systemic exposure and minimize local cutaneous reactions to active drug and as a result, has attracted huge interest of researchers. Microsponges consist of microporus beads, typically 10-25 microns in diameter, loaded with active agent. When carried out to the skin, the microsponge releases its active element on a time mode and also in reaction to different stimuli (rubbing, temperature, pH, and many others) which can be used ordinarily for topical and lately for oral management. This article gives a extensive assessment of Microsponges drug transport system discussing the concepts and practise methods. Appropriate analytical techniques for characterization of microsponges like particle size and its distribution, surface morphology, porosity, density, In Vitro drug release studies as well as applications of microsponge and future prospects are covered. Advantages/Potential functions, limitations and their possible remedies of the microsponge and programmable parameters are also mentioned. The microsponge are used in the sunscreens, creams, ointments, over the counter skin care preparations, which are meant for topical application. microsponge drug delivery can provide increased efficacy for topical active agent with enhanced safety, extended product stability.
Formulation and Evaluation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles of Bifonazole
Authors: P.P Botre , M.G. Maniyar
Published: December 2020

The objective of this study was to develop suitable solid lipid nanoparticles for topical delivery of Bifonazole. Bifonazole is an imidazole antifungal drug used in form of ointments. It was patented in 1974 and approved for medical use in 1983. Bifonazole having broad spectrum activity against dermatophytes, moulds, yeasts, fungi and some gram positive bacteria. BFZ SLNs systems were developed by melt emulsification followed by solvent evaporation technique using Compritol 888ATO (Glyceryl behenate) as a solid lipid and Tween 80 as a surfactant. Developed SLNs were evaluated for particle size, polydispersity index (PI), entrapment efficiency (EE) and drug release profiles. Process and formulation parameters were optimized. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies were carried out on SLNs to mark the changes in the drug and lipid modifications. The BFZ SLNs based gels were prepared using Carbopol 940 as a gelling agent. The SLNs based gels were evaluated for rheological parameters, in vitro drug release and permeation studies. In vitro antifungal study suggested that the SLNs based gel was more effective in inhibiting growth of Candida albicans. Thus the study concludes that SLNs based gel of BFZ gives a sustained release profile of BFZ and has the potential for treatment of topical fungal infections.
On Some Special Finsler Spaces
Authors: Maurya Ankit , Gupta K.B. , Singh Jitendra
Published: December 2020

The present communication has mainly been divided into four sections of which the first section is introductory, the second section deals with R - recurrent   of order one. In this section we have derived results telling as to when a  -  recurrent  of order one will be R  -  recurrent of order one,  -  recurrent  of order one will be a  -  recurrent of order one. In this section we have also derived the Bianchi’s identity and few more identities which hold in a R - recurrent   of order one. The third section deals with R - recurrent   of order two. In this section we have observed that the recurrence tensor field  is non-symmetric, few more relations and the Bianchi’s identity have been derived in a R - recurrent   of order two. In the fourth and the last section we have derived the conditions under which a Landsberg space in a - Finsler space, a  - Finsler space is semi - P2- like, a - Finsler space is a - Finsler space, a  – Finsler space is  P- symmetric, a  - Finsler space is P2 like