bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Work Motivation, Satisfaction, and Performance of Young Teachers in Chinese Universities
Authors: Yang MaoLin
Published: December 2024

In the global competition for education and talent, human capital is increasingly vital. Deepening education reform and promoting quality education are essential for cultivating 21st-century talents, with higher education gaining more attention in China. This study examined the work motivation, satisfaction, and performance of young teachers in Chinese universities to propose an enhanced faculty development program. It analyzed teacher profiles, motivations, satisfaction, and performance, identifying significant differences based on demographics. Female teachers with higher education and longer experience showed high motivation, especially in self-actualization. Satisfaction was highest with benefits and the work environment but lower with the work itself. Performance was generally high, particularly in adaptive performance. Positive correlations were found between motivation, satisfaction, and performance. The study recommended increasing teacher participation in decision-making, improving the work environment, raising salaries and benefits, fostering a harmonious work atmosphere, offering career development opportunities, ensuring leadership transparency, providing support for new teachers, and developing a comprehensive teacher development plan.
Work Attitude, Motivation and Professional Development of Higher Vocational College Teachers in China You are here: Home
Authors: Shobing Zhang , Caiga Beverly
Published: December 2024

This study in China investigated work attitude, motivation, and professional development of higher vocational college teachers. A quantitative survey explored factors influencing these aspects.

The majority of participants were female, aged 41-45, with Master’s degrees. Positive work attitudes included formulating engaging questions, aligning with school values, and offering constructive feedback to colleagues. Motivational factors included enjoyment of work, alignment with personal values, and a strong sense of responsibility. Regarding professional development, teachers reported practices like informing students of learning objectives, guiding students to correct answers, and finding immediate practical applications for classroom learning.

Significant differences in these aspects were found based on sex, age, experience, and education level. Additionally, a positive correlation existed between work attitude, motivation, and professional development. Finally, the study proposes an action plan to enhance these factors in teachers.
English As A Foreign Language (EFL) Classroom Anxiety, Risk-Taking Behavior and Willingness to Communicate Among Chinese College Students
Authors: Qianqian Ye , Caiga Beverly
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the relationship between risk-taking behavior, foreign language (EFL) classroom anxiety, and willingness to communicate (WTC) among Chinese college students (n=410). Effective communication is crucial for language acquisition, and fostering WTC is essential. However, factors like anxiety can hinder this.

The study explores how risk-taking and anxiety influence WTC in freshmen and sophomore students from liberal arts and science backgrounds. Quantitative data was collected through surveys in Hebei Province, China.

Results showed students experience negative evaluation, communication, and test anxiety. Their WTC in listening, speaking, reading, and writing was average, and risk-taking behavior was low. Importantly, a significant negative correlation emerged between risk-taking and anxiety, and a positive correlation between risk-taking and WTC.

Based on these findings, the study proposes an action plan for improving English language learning. This plan offers practical suggestions for teachers, focusing on cultivating a risk-taking spirit, encouraging classroom participation, and reducing student anxiety. By implementing these strategies, teachers can enhance students’ WTC and promote the social and communicative aspects of language learning.
Educational Beliefs, Core Values, And Professional Ability Among Chinese University Teachers
Authors: Heng Yang
Published: December 2024

This study takes Chinese university teachers as the survey object, considering gender, age, years of service, education and other factors, to explore the relationship between their educational beliefs, core values and professional competence. The survey results show that teachers generally hold strong educational beliefs, in particular the value placed on student-centred learning and whole-person education, including academic achievement and all-round development. Core values such as fairness, integrity and rigor are given priority in teaching. However, the emphasis on intercultural communication skills and continuing professional development is significantly inadequate. Female teachers scored significantly higher than male teachers on educational beliefs, core values, and professional competence, suggesting the need for tailored strategies to address these differences. The study highlights a significant positive correlation between educational beliefs, core values, and professional competencies, suggesting that strengthening these areas can lead to an overall improvement in educational quality and inform higher education policy in China.
Learning Environment, Classroom Participation and Innovative Behavior of Chinese College Students
Authors: Lifen Zhang , Caiga Beverly
Published: December 2024

The competition for knowledge and talent has become increasingly fierce in the 21st century. The innovative consciousness and ability of college students are of great significance for improving the level of talent cultivation and enhancing comprehensive national strength in China. Among the many factors that affect the innovative behavior of college students, their learning environment and classroom participation play a positive role in promoting their innovative behavior.

This research aims to explore the relationship between classroom involvement and creative conduct among Chinese university students, how the learning environment influences this interaction. The study technique adopted a literature analysis and empirical inquiry. A total of 425 college students from four colleges and universities in Hebei Province in China consisting of freshmen, sophomores, and juniors from Humanities, Sciences, and Engineering majors were the respondents of the study. Data were collected through a survey questionnaire and were treated using correlational analysis.

Descriptive statistical results show that participants in this study are more inclined to establish good teacher-student relationships in the learning environment, exhibited a more positive state of cognitive participation in classroom participation, and more positive attitudes towards academic learning and thinking patterns in their innovative behavior. In addition, the results of the Mann-Whitney Test found that there were differences in the three variables at the grade level, majors and family location. Students from cities and lower grades have a better learning environment; Science majors, and lower grade students have more active classroom participation; Boys, younger students, science majors, and urban students have better innovative behaviors. In addition, correlation analysis indicates a highly significant correlation between these three variables.
Chinese EFL Learners’ Emotional Intelligence, Academic Boredom and Class Participation
Authors: Pan Gao , An Imelda
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the relationship among emotional intelligence, academic boredom, and classroom participation of Chinese non-English major college students in English learning. Utilizing a quantitative and descriptive design, data was gathered from freshmen and sophomores majoring in economics, management, and fine arts at a regional university in Yuncheng, China through a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire comprised sections on emotional intelligence, academic boredom, and class participation, aligning with emotional intelligence theory, academic boredom theory, and class participation theory, respectively. The findings reveal significant correlations: emotional intelligence is inversely related to academic boredom, indicating higher emotional intelligence corresponds to lower academic boredom levels. Affective intelligence positively correlates with class participation, suggesting higher affective intelligence is linked to increased participation. Conversely, academic boredom negatively impacts class participation, as greater boredom is associated with reduced engagement. These results hold vital implications for enhancing English learning effectiveness and student well-being, offering valuable insights for educators. The study proposes a language-learning program focused on enhancing emotional intelligence and engagement to alleviate academic boredom. Recommendations include incorporating emotional intelligence training in universities, diversifying classroom activities, fostering cross-cultural communication opportunities, and leveraging technology for emotional intelligence and engagement promotion. Future research should expand sample sizes and school majors to deepen understanding and integrate technology tools into teaching practices and curriculum design.
Entrepreneurial Aspirations And Career Orientation Among Chinese Vocational College Students
Authors: Yan Zeng
Published: December 2024

Entrepreneurial aspirations and career orientation are crucial in shaping the professional futures of vocational college students in China. This study explores the relationship between these factors, surveying 385 students from various vocational institutions. The findings reveal that most respondents, aged 18 to 25, are at a critical stage of career development, with a notable interest in entrepreneurship. This trend underscores a growing inclination toward innovation and self-employment among vocational students. Students identified strongly with entrepreneurial traits such as creativity, risk-taking, and a readiness to innovate. Their career orientation emphasizes the importance of acquiring practical skills that are directly applicable to industry needs, highlighting the role of vocational education in preparing students for specific job roles. The study also shows that entrepreneurial aspirations and career orientation vary by gender and educational background. Male students tend to favor innovation and risk-taking, while female students are more inclined toward collaborative and community-focused ventures. Those with higher educational attainment show a stronger preference for leadership and managerial positions. A significant correlation between entrepreneurial aspirations and career orientation suggests that students with entrepreneurial goals are more likely to pursue careers that offer opportunities for innovation and business development. These findings point to the importance of integrating entrepreneurship education into vocational curricula, ensuring that students are equipped with the necessary skills and mindset to succeed in a rapidly evolving job market.
Organizational Culture, Support and Teaching Leadership Among Preschool Teachers in China: Basis for Teachers’ Development Plan
Authors: Yanqiong Zuo , Caiga Beverly
Published: December 2024

This study explores organizational culture, support, and teaching leadership of preschool teachers in China as basis of teachers’ development plan. The study adopted a descriptive research method that gathered data through a questionnaire survey which were distributed to target respondents through Question Star; imported gathered data into SPSS 22 for data analysis. The participants of this study are preschool teachers from three early childhood education institutions in three cities in China. Out of a total population of 1554, 456 samples participated in this study. The results of the study showed that most of the respondents were female with a bachelor’s degree, between the ages of 36-45, and had been teaching for more than 11 years.

This study analyzes the importance of organizational culture, support mechanisms, and teaching leadership on the personal growth and teaching quality of preschool teachers. The research results show that a good organizational culture can stimulate the work enthusiasm and creativity of preschool teachers, an effective support mechanism can help improve the professional ability and teaching level of teachers, and excellent teaching leadership can lead teacher teams to work towards common goals. Based on the research results, suggestions were put forward to strengthen organizational culture construction, improve support mechanisms, and cultivate teaching leadership, in order to promote the personal growth and improvement of teaching quality of preschool teachers. This study has certain theoretical and practical significance for kindergarten education management and teacher development planning.
Social Support, Self-Regulated Learning, and Achievement among Chinese Design Majors
Authors: Yihuai Xie , Pateña Annalie
Published: December 2024

In the past years, there was an evident fluctuation in the number of students enrolling locally as well as globally with interests in arts programs. In quest for strategies in services enhancement, this study believes in the students who are the key factors for the success of their own career. In lieu, this study initiates the compilation of descriptions of three focal points in student learning. Among 400 design major students of various universities in China, the following variables: essential social support, self-regulated learning domains, and academic achievement, were described specifically and respectively with regards to sex, school type and year level. Findings resulted to majority of female respondents, coming from public schools and most of them are sophomores. Consequently, the respondents’ social support highlights the factor “sensible” where most of the students are dependent on family and friends in accomplishments of their learning tasks. Mostly of the respondents agree that their self-regulated learning is on “cognition”. Learning achievement was found to be based on an “affective” domain that acknowledges their and other people’s interests, values, rules, and attitudes. The Pearson product moment correlation was used to measure the strength and direction of association that exists between variables and the linear regression that summarized and studied the relationship between the variables. The researcher found no significant relationship between the variables and the profile. On the other hand, a highly significant relationship between the variables was revealed.
Effectiveness of the Civil Registration Services in One Philippine Component City: Basis for Action Plan
Authors: De Guzman Elaine , Tamayo Ma. Rosario
Published: December 2024

This study assessed the effectiveness of civil registration services in Calamba City, Laguna, Philippines. It used a descriptive approach to explore public perception of birth, marriage, and death registration processes.

Respondents generally considered the services effective. However, some variations emerged. Sex and civil status influenced birth registration perceptions, while age, gender, marital status, and education impacted marriage registration views. Educational background and time spent registering deaths were factors as well.

Interestingly, perceived effectiveness and encountered problems were not always linked. Birth and marriage registration showed no significant correlation, while death registration displayed a negative correlation (better effectiveness meant fewer problems).

Based on these findings, an action plan proposes improvements. For birth registration, it emphasizes accuracy checks and data entry. Marriage registration calls for clearer roles and procedures. Death registration focuses on streamlining registry number assignment.
Course Knowledge, School Support, and Student Competencies Among Chinese Media Production Majors
Authors: Cheng Zhang
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the perceptions of students enrolled in Media Production Majors in China, focusing on three critical educational dimensions: Course Knowledge, School Support, and Student Competencies. Utilizing a comprehensive survey method, the research aimed to assess students’ satisfaction with the curriculum, the support services provided by their institutions, and the competencies they developed during their academic tenure. Findings indicate moderate to high satisfaction with the theoretical content of Course Knowledge but point to significant deficiencies in practical skill application and the integration of modern technological tools, which are crucial for students’ professional readiness. While academic resources such as libraries and online materials were generally appreciated, there was notable dissatisfaction with career development services and mental health support, highlighting the need for more robust career guidance and enhanced psychological support systems. Additionally, students reported that while existing courses effectively developed basic skills like communication and collaboration, they were insufficient in fostering advanced competencies such as leadership, strategic thinking, and innovation. There was a specific demand for improving training in critical thinking and complex problem-solving abilities, which are vital for navigating the rapidly evolving media landscape. Based on these insights, the study recommends a comprehensive revision of the curriculum to incorporate more industry-relevant practices and cutting-edge technology training. This research underscores the urgent need for educational institutions in China to adapt and evolve in response to the dynamic requirements of the media industry, ensuring that graduates are well-equipped to excel in their future careers.
Indonesian Muslim Feminism's Criticism of the Practice of Cutting Female Genitalia from a Human Rights Perspective
Authors: Ayu Pratiwi Anizar
Published: December 2024

This article analyzes the Indonesian feminist critique represented by the Indonesian Women Ulema group, this critique is related to the discrimination of women in the context of female circumcision. The purpose of this article is to analyze the reasons why Indonesian Muslim feminist critics attack female circumcision, and how female circumcision is viewed from a human rights perspective. This article uses a qualitative method, the type of article library research / literature study that examines the reasons for Indonesian Muslim feminists who prohibit circumcision for women, data collection techniques through extracting literature related to the prohibition of female circumcision, the theory used is the theory of human rights. The results show that the criticism of Indonesian Muslim feminists who prohibit circumcision for women is that female circumcision causes kemadhorotan (damage), circumcision for women is contrary to women's human rights, this refers to the International Convention on women. The contribution of this article is shown for the legislative government to make a policy to prohibit the act of P2GP / female circumcision.
Reactualisation of Stories of Women's Glory in the Qur'an as a Method of Husband and Wife Relationships in the Family
Authors: Alamsyah Alamsyah , Nurdin Zuhdi M.
Published: December 2024

This article examines the stories of the glory of women in the Qur'an, with the method of human stories can take moral messages in it, because the fact is that until now the position of women is not only in the public sphere, in the domestic sphere (family) women still experience a lot of discrimination and injustice, women are often positioned as officers who play a role in the "well, kitchen and bed". Whereas in the Qur'an the position of men and women have the same degree, have the same rights and obligations, have the same glory. The purpose of this article is to analyse the verses about the glory of women as husband and wife relations in the household, then correlated with the actualisation of gender equality in the family. The method used is qualitative, using normative and historical approaches, the type of this article is library research, with data sources from literature on verses about the glory of women in Islam. The results found that the verses about the glory of women in the Qur'an show that Islam came to proclaim women as noble creatures who have dignity, men and women were created from the same element (nafs wahidah). The stories of women's qualifications are relevant to be applied in the household, as a method of husband and wife relations towards a maslahah family
Creating Awareness among Consumers on Purchase of Sustainable Textile Products in Pakistan
Authors: Saeed Ayesha , Sadaf Shama , Hassan Komal
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: The aim of the study to assess the impact of knowledge on consumer willingness to purchase (WTP) sustainable clothing. For this purpose, firstly the study design to explore the association between consumer environmental concern (CEC), awareness (CA), involvement (CI), and willingness to purchase (WTP) sustainable clothing and secondly determine the effect of consumer awareness on willingness to purchase ecofriendly clothing.
Methodology: The research design based on true experiment with pre and post questionnaire followed by power point presentation as an intervention tool for 30 minutes. A sample of N=365 consumers with the age range of 16-35 were selected through simple random sampling technique.
Results: Results indicated that positive correlation exist among all variables. As well as result of paired sample t test also revealed that intervention tool had increased the awareness regarding sustainable clothing   among consumers which enhance their involvement in WTP sustainable clothing.
Conclusion: The important contribution of this research study to ecofriendly textiles and sustainable clothing market was that it included three factors of consumer purchase decision which impact on WTP sustainable clothing. These are significant determinants for garment manufacturers which may effect on consumer buying decision regarding sustainable apparels. This study is important to fast fashion retailers, marketers, environmental campaigners, charitable organizations and public policy makers.
Is the Tobacco Production Profitable in District Swabi: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Ahmad Sareer , Abbasi Muhammad Naeem Akram , Ullah Anayat
Published: December 2024

Tobacco is the country’s most valuable cash crop, contributing for a large portion of the country's agricultural output. This study intends to observe to evaluate the cost and benefit of the tobacco production in Swabi district, KP, Pakistan. During 2018-19 academic year, data was collected from three villages in Sikandari, Dagi, and Lahor using a random sampling technique. The total number of samples for analysis was 100. To estimate tobacco production, cost, and profitability, the Cobb-Douglas production function was employed. The total average Cost of per acre tobacco production was Rs. 151370while total revenue per acre was Rs. 457600. It was found that the average marketing costs were Rs. 82360 per acre, fertilizer costs were Rs. 12000 per acre, nursery costs were Rs. 4110 per acre, land rent was Rs. 37000 per acre, land preparation was Rs. 4000 per acre, irrigation costs were Rs. 3200 per acre and cultural costs were Rs. 6000 per acre. In the period of analysis, the average net income (net profit) from tobacco was Rs. 306230 per acre and the gross income was Rs. 343230 per acre. It is recommended that if the farmers use quality seeds, the latest technology, usage of chemical fertilizers, irrigation, insecticides, and weeding the tobacco profitability will be increased and a handsome contribution in our GDP. It is also be noted that in the research area, inputs such as marketing costs and land rent are quite expensive; therefore, the government may compensate farmers by lowering the prices of inputs such as fuel wood, rent, fertiliser, pesticides, and so on.
Contemporaneous Approach to Higher Education in a Global Context
Authors: Tansif Ur Rehman  , Usmani Mehmood Ahmed , Parveen Sajida , Khan Muhammad Ahad Yar
Published: December 2024

Leaders of educational institutions must regularly evaluate the methods used in the classroom to enhance constant education and innovation. Leadership requires establishing new organizational frameworks and processes that would facilitate and support advanced learning and the capacity to measure the effects of education. Governments worldwide have gradually reduced their funding for advanced public learning, and the graduation rate has constantly risen over the last several years. Many Higher-Educational Institutions (HEI) are required to follow a transformation model to commercialize education to provide benefits to a large number of learners. The research explored the contemporary approach to higher education in a global context. A systematic review approach was used to conduct this research. The researchers elaborated that the path towards advanced education is beset with obstacles, threats, and worries that start with learning being regarded simply as a service, i.e., education is changing to a public benefit. Advanced education is growingly seen as an effective means of monetary growth. Although governments do not give universities much money, several countries have put high-performance Higher-Educational Institutions (HEI) study funding policies for focused programs. The research objectives were to discuss the dynamics of higher education in a global context and to elaborate on measuring the productivity of higher education in a global context. A systematic review approach was used to conduct this research. The key findings of the research emphasize the significance of money, accountability, efficiency, cost-benefit, and utility in comprehending the contemporary phenomenon of higher education in a global context.
Impact of Maternal Education on Fluid Intelligence, Working Memory, Short Term Memory and Processing Speed of School Students
Authors: Khan Saira , Najam Najma
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: Present study aimed to explore the impact of mother’s education level on core cognitive functions like working memory, processing speed, short term memory and fluid intelligence.
Methodology: A sample of 300 students (boys=150, girls=150) studying in 9th, 10th, and O Level, with age range 15-16 years were selected from schools by using two stage cluster sampling technique. Correlational and comparative research design was used for the present study. Demographic information form was used to collect personal, educational, and familial information of participants. Working memory index, processing speed index, digit span from WICS-IV and Standard Progressive Matrices were used to assess working memory capacity, information processing speed, short term memory and fluid intelligence. After getting consent from participants to participate in the study, all study variables were assessed with face-to-face interaction in individual setting. Collected data was arranged and analyzed using SPSS version 27.
Findings: After checking the normality of the collected data, Pearson correlation was used to find the association of study variables with one another and MANOVA was used to assess the impact of mother’s education on study variables. Results showed significant correlation among fluid intelligence, working memory, short term memory and processing speed. Results revealed significant impact of Mother’s education on all study variables.
Conclusion: According to results, highly significant difference was found between the levels of mother’s education on the mean score of the students on all study variables. Students with more educated mothers showed better working memory, fluid intelligence, processing speed and short-term memory. The findings of the present study provide in depth and detailed information to educationist, educational Psychologists and parents about the development of core cognitive processes.
Examining the Role of Context in Understanding Generalized and Particularized Implicature in the Play The Bear by Anton Chekhov
Authors: Bokhari Sonia , Abbas Shaukat , Irshad Ul Haq Muhammad
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: This study explores the significance of contextual cues in comprehending generalized and particularized implicatures by taking Anton Chekhov's play The Bear, as a case study.
Methodology: A purposive sampling technique was used in this research where 20 members were chosen to take part in the study.  The play's dialogues were subjected to inquiry by means of qualitative analysis.  The contextual factors were studied as part of the deeper understanding of the play The Bear. The individuals were interviewed to gain insights into the play, on the basis of their deeper understanding of the text and then qualitative interpretations were used by converting the bits of information into step-by-step coding by using John Ward Creswell’s research guidelines.
Findings: It was revealed by the findings that contextual information plays a vital role to distinguish between generalized and particularized implicatures via usage of the literary text. Additionally, the study found that the familiarity of the text and its cultural background have strong connection of deeper meanings. Contextual cues tend to influence the participants’ comprehension capability to interpret what they perceive from the text.
Conclusion: This study works upon the importance of inferred assumptions which cannot be directly derived from what is actually said in a dialogue. The study highlights the significance of the context to understand the implied meanings of a verbal expression with a single meaning. This phenomenon is known as contextual implicature. The study's findings could be utilized as a foundation for further research in the field of literary studies, where scholars can enhance their comprehension about the nature of implicature and its usage in literature. Additionally, this study’s qualitative content analysis technique can be utilized in future studies for analyzing the contextual cues of various literary works.
Framing of Child Sexual Abuse Cases in Print Media of Pakistan
Authors: Qayyoum Hayam , Haq Amrat , Rashid Azhar , Anwar Mahin
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the research is to examine how mainstream newspapers of Pakistan are framing child sexual abuse in an ethical or unethical manner. Print media is one of the most widely accessed forms of Pakistan and child sexual abuse is one of the major taboo issues talked about in the media in recent times. It is the responsibility of news media to deliver this news to the audience objectively. For this purpose, content analysis of three mainstream newspapers of Pakistan was conducted purposively. SPSS statistics is used for testing and analyzing the data. The results revealed that the first hypothesis had been supported, that Print Media of Pakistan does frame characteristics of Child Sexual Abuse cases in an unethical manner. Print Media of Pakistan does not report Child Sexual Abuse cases more unethically in thematic stories than episodic ones. The result revealed that hypothesis had not been supported because whether episodic or thematic, media reports unethically. The third hypothesis is supported which means that Print Media of Pakistan does frame Victims of Child Sexual Abuse Information unethically more than the Abuser’s information. That is statistically at 3.017*, which is a significant 0.00.
Reframing Identities: Pakistani Women's Response to Globalization and Societal Pressures
Authors: Rashed Sara
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: In today’s fast developing globalized scenario, the ideas of conformity, identity and uniformity have gained paramount attention in the fiction of the Pakistani female writers. The paper critically scrutinizes the impact of global cultural changes on the lives of Pakistani women with a particular critique of their representation in the Western feminist discourse, which presents them as single, essentialist, monolithic entities, by presenting a more nuanced depiction of Pakistani women. This is done through the portrayal of female characters that possess multiple identities owing to their ever changing social circumstances, their point of location as well as their past experiences.
Methodology: The present study is a qualitative study that aims to provide a detailed textual analysis of the two selected novels, namely “Black wings” by Sehba Sarwar and “Trespassing” by Uzma Aslam Khan.
Findings: Uzma Aslam Khan’s novel “Trespassing” and Sehba Sarwar’s “Black Wings” are the two selected novels which are critically analyzed by applying Chandra Mohanty’s key points in her significant book “Feminisms without Borders” wherein she elucidates and explores the concept of transnational feminism. Monolithic representation of Third World women and the politics of location are the crucial points on which the following research mainly rests. Mohanty stresses on the significance of recognizing and understanding the cultural and historical contexts of the women of the Third World and calls for an active and cumulative effort to represent the Third World women as having multi-dimensional, heterogeneous identities.
Conclusion: The findings reveal that the representation of women in both novels defies monolithic and essentialist categorizations. Instead, the characters emerge as multi-dimensional individuals with diverse identities, actively engaging with global cultural changes while remaining cognizant of their cultural constraints and positioning in society.
Emerging Strategic Collaboration between the USA and India in the Indian Ocean: A Move Towards Chinese Containment
Authors: Khan Tahir , Talpur Asad Raza , Ahmed Jalil
Published: December 2024

Background: To counterbalance Chinese influence in the Indian Ocean, the USA established a strategic alliance with India. Geographically, the majority of India's territory is located in the middle of the Indian Ocean's Sea Lines of Communication (SLOCS). Through these SLOCs, major commerce, trade, and exchange of goods occur. Strategically, the USA needed a partner that was capable of balancing China regionally. The location of India made it of pivotal significance for the USA. By the 1990s, the USA had started to conduct naval exercises with India. The USA also increased its naval forces and power projection capability to contain growing Chinese influence over the SLOCs of the Indian Ocean. The USA also provided India with the latest technology and training for increasing the capability of the Indian navy.
Aim of the Study: study aim to find out how does the USA balancing Chinese power in the Indian Ocean? What are the factors that are shaping the USA offshore balancing policy in the Indian Ocean? What is the response of India in the offshore balancing of the Indian Ocean?
Methodology: methodology of this study includes interviews. First, the triangulation of the questionnaire was carried out, Secondly, purposive sampling was done to select the experts for the interview. A semi-structured interview was conducted. The data has been analyzed Using the content analysis method.
Findings and Conclusion: The USA is still the only hegemon in the world. As a result, no major change has been brought due to the rise of China as one of the major powers in Asia. The interests of the USA and India converged with the announcement of the USA policy of rebalancing to Asia in 2011.
An In-depth Exploration of the Traditional Craft of Hand Block Printing in Pakistan
Authors: Khalid Mian Talha Aziz , Shaukat Rabia , Mubashra Asna
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: Hand block printing is an ancient printing technique; its designs provide an interesting combination of delicacy and intricacy. This study aims an in-depth exploration of the traditional craft of Hand Block Printing in Pakistan and intends to provide detailed insight of the technique and process of hand block printing and its downfall.
Methodology: It is qualitative research and is compiled as case study specially focusing on one active hub of this craft, Kehror Pakka. All the data is gathered from interviews of native artisans of Kahror Pakka in South Punjab. Visuals of printing and block making process are also shared to enhance understandability.
Findings: Hand block printing is a traditional craft of Pakistan which is fading due to lack of finances and recognition. There is a need to take measures on a larger scale to boost this craft because it has the potential to give huge benefit to the country.
Conclusion: Study concluded that it is a part of our culture and dwells in traditions from centuries, so we need to take measures to preserve our identity. There is a dire need to invest in this tremendous traditional craft in terms of research, education, training, business, and recognition so that it can flourish.
How Talent Management is related to Employee Brand Equity? Multilevel Moderated mediated Study of Work Family Spillover and Employee Wellbeing
Authors: Jamil Aisha , Zulfiqar Sehar
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: This study examined how talent management affects employee brand equity in the particular setting of Pakistani higher education institutions in an effort to fill in research gaps by drawing on the conservation of resource theory. It looked on the ways in which employee well-being as mediator influences the relationship between employee brand equity and talent management. Additionally, it sought to determine the moderating role work family spillover plays in affecting the link between employee wellness and talent management.
Methodology: In this study, (N=412) higher education faculty members from Rawalpindi and Islamabad were embedded in 103 groups using a unique data collection and a multilevel architecture. Data was gathered via an online questionnaire that was time-lag surveyed. Multilevel structural equation modeling in M-plus version 7 was used to get the results.
Findings: The findings of this study showed that talent management strategies positively and significantly influence employee brand equity. The relationship between talent management and employee brand equity was mediated by employee well-being. Moreover, Work family spillover proved to be a significant moderator in the relationship between talent management and employee wellbeing.
Conclusion: Overall, this research emphasizes the complex interactions between talent management practices, employee wellbeing, and the development of a positive employee brand in Pakistan's vibrant and diverse higher education landscape by using a multilevel approach that acknowledges the complexity of organizational dynamics. It also hopes to offer useful perspectives for HR professionals, organizational leaders, and legislators in the higher education sector.
Study of Lexical Choices: A Case Study of Khairpur and Lar Regions of Sindh
Authors: Muhammad Shah , Mangnejo Tanveer Hussain , Sikander Shah Rukh
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: Languages vary in time place. This variation causes language shift, language change death. Sindhi language is also undergoing continuous change under the influence of Urdu and English languages. There is a little research on the historical perspectives of Sindhi language family and its dialectical variation (Ali, 2016). Therefore, this paper aims to fill this gap and explores the lexical variations between two dialects, i.e., Lar and Utradi dialects of Sindhi language. These two dialects are adjacent, yet have some differences with respect to the  lexical choices.
Methodology: This paper is carried out through a qualitative exploratory study. The observation and interview have been conducted to collect the data. The five participants were selected purposively.
Findings: The findings of the study highlights the variations in lexical choices between two dialects. The findings also revealed that the speakers of Lar region chose more typical Sindhi words such as “جوت ” (in roman English ‘jot’, and in English fire, i.e., a bonefire) and Speakers of Utradi dialect chose modernised lexical choices. Hence, Utradi dialect is more inclined to language change than Lari dialect.
Conclusion: The study concluded with the assumption that social and cultural factors can be noticed in understanding the lexical choices made in both regions as the researchers showed the results with examples in which there were almost different linguistic choices. Based on the findings of this study, it can be suggested that there is huge need for the research to understand the causes of these differences that may help the language researchers to suggest the ways to maintain Sindhi language.
The Mediating Effect of Factors Affecting Servant Leadership and Workplace Deviant Behaviour in Banking Sector of Pakistan
Authors: Abbas Ali Fazal , Tariq Anum
Published: December 2024

Purpose: Based on forcible illustrations theory of social identity and theory of the psychological contract, this research study properly investigates the potential effect of mediating factors like affective organization commitment and organization trust on servant leadership besides workplace divergent behaviour in the banking sector to mitigate the employee deviance incidents.
Research Design/Methodology/Approach: Responses from 400 respondents from different banks were collected through a survey questionnaire to test the link among the variables by applying SEM using Amos.
Findings: The firsthand result of this inclusive study showed that SL typically retains no direct relationship with WDB in the finance sector, however affecting organizational commitment and organizational trust merely explained the link between SL and WDB more effectively. Commercial Banking sector can eloquently improve the deviant behaviour of bankers by properly applying this pragmatic study, likewise existing policies can also be improved in fierce light of the extracted findings reported by this study.
Originality: This study is in common a valuable addition to the existent literature proceeding leadership style and deviant behaviour based upon social identity, psychological contract theory and social exchange theory in the banking sector and mediating factors certainly affecting deviant behaviour and servant leadership. This needed research pointed exultantly out the causative factors that bridged the theoretical gaps between SL and WDB in the banking sector.
Women’s Education and Its Impact on their Political Empowerment in Malakand Division Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Daraz Umar , Ullah Raza , Ullah Hazir
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: Gender equality in education and women empowerment are essential to achieving United Nation Sustainable Development Goals 2030. The cumulative empirical evidence in the global north shows a strong connection between education and women increased political participation and empowerment. This study empirically examined the changing status of women education and their political empowerment in the socio-cultural context of Malakand Division Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. This study’s findings and a large body of literature reveal that women’s education empowers them and enhance their political participation.
Methodology: This study employed quantitative research methods and techniques. The data used in this paper come from a sample of 700 respondents selected through disproportionate sampling technique.  Survey method i.e., self-administered questionnaire was employed for the collection of data.
Findings and Conclusion: Drawing on quantitative evidence, the study suggests a vivid and measurable improvement in women access to education over the last decade. The study findings show that the changing status of women education in Malakanad Division, KP has increased their participation in political activities.
Exploring the Criteria for the Evaluation of Scientific Evidence in Free Trade Agreements
Authors: Ali Naheeda
Published: December 2024

Study Background: For a long period, the standards of the Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Agreement were the only scientific conditions incorporated in WTO agreements (WTO). Notwithstanding this, the use of science to international trade law extends far beyond the SPS Agreement. The argument between Australia and Plain Packaging has demonstrated that there may be subtle scientific factors involved in the evaluation of non-SPS solutions. Also, free trade agreements and other types of preferential trade should be discussed (PTAs).
Aim of the Study: With this context in mind, this study looks into the elements that may influence the necessity for scientific proof in PTAs.
Methodology: This study uses a standard textual analysis approach, together with some noteworthy methodological considerations, to locate and interpret PTA clauses. Keywords search was done to make sure everything is mentioned in trade agreements. Each possibility has been explored in this exhaustive investigation.
Findings: In light of these recent developments, it appears that the scientifically based SPS rules may be applied to a broader variety of TBT sections. Others merely introduced additional scientific proof criteria in the WTO-X on regulatory cooperation, the environment, and labour.
Conclusion: To summarise, the author believes that the function of scientific evidence canons in PTAs deserves far more attention than it now receives. To achieve the objective qualitative method by utilizing international agreement, convention and protocols has been used.
High Performance Work System (HPWS) in the IT Sector of Pakistan: An Application of Ability-Motivation-Opportunity Model
Authors: Bano Sofia , Aijaz Urooj , Athar Abdullah
Published: December 2024

Based on the ability-motivation-opportunity (AMO) model, the study has examined the relationship between High performance work system (HPWS) and job performance with the parallel mediation of job satisfaction, employee well-being, and job commitment. The study also examined the moderating role of organizational support and salary/wages in the IT firms of Pakistan. A sample of 408 valid responses have been collected using survey method from the IT firms of Karachi based on a five-point Likert scale instrument and PLS-SEM has been employed for data analysis using Smart PLS v3 software. High performance work system (HPWS) has a significant effect on job satisfaction, employee well-being and job commitment, whereas job satisfaction and employee well-being have a significant effect on job performance. Moreover, HPWS has a significant effect on job performance with the mediation of job satisfaction and employee well-being individually. Lastly, organizational support moderates the effect of HPWS on job satisfaction and HPWS on job commitment. Similarly, salary/wages moderates the effect of job satisfaction and job commitment on job performance individually. Therefore, it is recommended to HR managers and top management of IT firms of Pakistan to embed HPWS-related HR policies in their firms to overall enhance their firm and employee performance. Job embeddedness and role clarity may also help to introduce HPWS policies in IT firms of Pakistan. Certainly, inward-out HR policy can eventually help IT firms to encourage their employees for their organizational excellence in the larger perspective.