bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract 9851: Mortality and Post-Discharge Acute Care Utilization for Cardiovascular Conditions at US Safety-Net and Non-Safety-Net Hospitals
Authors: Liu Michael , Figueroa Jose F , Song Yang , Wadhera Rishi
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
Safety-net hospitals disproportionately care for medically complex, socially vulnerable, and racial/ethnic minority populations. Prior to the Affordable Care Act, safety-net hospitals had higher mortality and readmission rates for common cardiovascular conditions than their non-safety-net counterparts, but it is unclear whether these disparities remain.

Methods:
We conducted a serial, cross-sectional study using data from 3265 acute-care hospitals in the US. Performance on 30-day mortality, readmission, and excess days in acute care (EDAC) measures for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), heart failure (HF), stroke, and coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) was compared at safety-net hospitals versus non-safety-net hospitals in fiscal year (FY) 2020 (July 2016 to June 2019) using linear regression models that adjusted for hospital-level characteristics. Interaction terms for safety-net status and year were used to assess for differential changes between FY 2010 (July 2006 to June 2009) and FY 2020.

Results:
Thirty-day mortality rates at safety-net hospitals compared with non-safety-net hospitals were lower for HF (10.9% vs 11.5%; adjusted difference: -0.49%, 95% CI: -0.65% to -0.33%), higher for AMI (12.8% vs 12.6%; adjusted difference: 0.15%, 0.04% to 0.26%), and similar for CABG and stroke. Thirty-day readmission rates were modestly higher at safety-net sites for AMI (16.4% vs 16.0%; adjusted difference: 0.37%, 0.26% to 0.48%) and HF (22.4% vs 21.8%; 0.58%, 0.44% to 0.72%), and comparable for CABG. However, safety-net hospitals performed markedly worse on the 30-day EDAC measures for AMI (15.2 vs 3.4 excess days; adjusted difference: 10.8, 95% CI: 8.3 to 13.4) and HF (14.1 vs 3.9 excess days; adjusted difference: 10.2, 6.4 to 10.4). From FY 2010 to FY 2020, differences in 30-day mortality and readmission rates differentially improved at safety-net sites for HF, but not AMI.

Conclusions:
Thirty-day mortality rates for common cardiovascular conditions are now similar at safety-net and non-safety-net hospitals. However, large gaps in 30-day post-discharge acute care utilization indicate that policy initiatives are still needed to support under-resourced safety-net systems and the patients they serve.
Abstract 9852: Targeting Mek/Erk Signaling in the Treatment of Mitral Valve Prolapse
Authors: Beck Tyler , Morningstar Jordan , Gensemer Cortney , Moore Kelsey , Guo Lilong , Biggs Rachel , Moore Reece , Koren Natalie , Benjamin Menny , Vohra Ayesha , Harvey Andrew , Springs Kendra , Mukherjee Rupak , Helke Kristi , Norris Russell A
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is one of the most common forms of cardiac valve disease, affecting 1 in 40 humans and ~70% of small breed dogs. There are no effective nonsurgical treatments for MVP and therapeutic efforts have been hindered due to an incomplete understanding of its fundamental causes. Recent studies by our group have described the genetic basis for non-syndromic MVP and have provided new insights into molecular processes that underlie the disease. We have used this genetic information to identify druggable targets that can provide a non-surgical option for humans. In particular, we have identified the MEK/ERK pathway as the major disease initiating pathway and prolonged hyperactivation of MEK/ERK drives disease progression and severity.

Hypothesis:
Pharmacological blockade of MEK/ERK activities will sufficiently arrest the disease pathway and maintain the valves in a sub-clinical condition.

Methods and Results:
The FDA-approved MEK1 inhibitor Trametinib was administered to Dzip1
S24R/+
mice; a disease model that phenocopies human MVP. Preliminary results suggest safety concerns in mice associated with chronic administration of Trametinib (1 mg/kg/day). Animals demonstrated signs of cardiotoxicity on echocardiography, including left atrial enlargement; a reduction in E/A wave intensity; left ventricular wall movement abnormalities; prolonged isovolumetric relaxation time, and a reduced ejection fraction. As such, our lab has focused our efforts on identifying novel MEK1 inhibitors with a favorable safety profile. Utilizing a machine learning based workflow, we have identified highly selective MEK1 inhibitors with retained activity (<100nM IC50 values); high gastrointestinal absorption (>85%); favorable predicted LD50 values (>1,000 mg/kg), and devoid of major cytochrome interactions.

Conclusions:
MEK1 may serve as a druggable target in the treatment of mitral valve prolapse; however, currently available MEK inhibitors demonstrate limiting toxicities. Future studies will involve in vivo administration of our novel compounds to Dzip1
S24R/+
mice. We envision results from this study will help guide the development of systemic or targeted therapies for the use in human patients with mitral valve prolapse.
Abstract 9854: Somatic Mutations in Single Human Cardiomyocytes Reveal Rapid Age-Related DNA Damage and Cardiomyocyte Fusion
Authors: Choudhury Sangita , Huang August Yue , Kim Junho , Morillo Katherine , Maury Eduardo , Zhou Zinan , Araten Sarah , Lee Eunjung Alice , Walsh Christopher A , Chen Ming H
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
Advanced age is the most important risk factor for heart disease, yet we have an incomplete understanding of how aging promotes heart disease. Accumulation of somatic DNA mutations has been demonstrated to be a hallmark of aging in many human cell types. The underlying cause of these many aging phenotypes is likely molecular in nature, but its mechanism is not well understood.

Methods:
To define the effect of aging on cardiomyocytes we performed single-cell whole-genome or panel sequencing from ~1000 single cardiomyocytes from 10 individuals aged 0.4 ~ 82 yrs. Mutational signatures of aging cardiomyocytes were analyzed by non-negative matrix factorization and a cell lineage tree was constructed.

Results and Conclusions:
Tetraploid cardiomyocytes showed a significant increase of (somatic single nucleotide variants (sSNV) density with age (
p
= 0.0027), and this age-dependent increase remained significant even after adjusting for differences in the evenness of amplification. The sSNVs were distributed broadly across the genome. We further confirmed the age-dependent trend in diploid cardiomyocytes. A consistent increase of somatic mutation burden in human heart muscle cells with age, regardless of cardiomyocyte nuclear ploidy was observed. Cardiomyocytes accumulate age-related SNVs at rates higher than those previously described in other noncycling cells like neurons. Signature analysis reveals that cardiomyocyte SNVs display distinctive signatures of mutagenic processes, including increased oxidative stress, defective mismatch repair. A cell lineage tree, constructed from shared somatic single nucleotide variants, revealed that many polyploid cardiomyocytes derive from multiple clonal origins, implicating cell fusion as a major mechanism contributing to polyploidization. Since age-accumulated sSNVs create many damaging mutations, the fusion of clonally distinct cells to form multiploid cardiomyocytes provides a mechanism of genetic compensation that may minimize the complete knockout of essential genes during aging. Age-related accumulation of cardiac mutations provides a paradigm to understand the influence of aging on cardiac dysfunction.
Abstract 9893: Polypills for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials
Authors: Kandil Omneya A. , Motawea Karam R. , Aboelenein Merna M. , Shah Jaffer
Published: April 2024

Background:
Single pills with fixed-dose combinations (FDC) of lipid and blood pressure lowering medications have been proposed for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Although polypills have proven to be effective in secondary prevention of major cardiovascular events, there is a lack of evidence regarding polypill use in primary prevention in intermediate and high-risk patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effect of polypills on primary prevention of cardiovascular (CV) events using data from clinical trials.

Methods:
We searched Pubmed, Web of Science, EBSCO, and SCOPUS through May 2021. Two authors independently screened articles for fulfillment of inclusion criteria. The RevMan (version 5.4) software was used to calculate the pooled risk ratios (RRs) and mean differences (MDs), along with their associated confidence intervals (95% CI).

Results:
Eight trials with a total of 20653 patients were included. There was a significant reduction in total fatal and non-fatal CV events among the polypill group [RR (95% CI) = 0.71 (0.63, 0.80); P < 0.001]. Moreover, this reduction was present for both the intermediate [RR (95% CI) = 0.76 (0.65, 0.89); P < 0.001] and high-risk [RR (95% CI) = 0.63 (0.52, 0.76); P < 0.001] group of patients. Subgroup analysis based on the follow up duration revealed this benefit was only evident in the five-year follow up duration group [RR (95% CI) = 0.70 (0.62, 0.79); P< 0.001] and was absent in the one-year or less interval group [RR (95% CI) = 0.77 (0.47, 1.29); P= 0.330]. Furthermore, there was a significant reduction in 10-year predicted cardiovascular risk in the polypill group [MD (95% CI) = -3.74 (-5.96, -1.51); P< 0.001] compared to controls.

Conclusion:
A polypill strategy decreases the incidence of fatal and non-fatal CV events in patients with intermediate and high cardiovascular risk and may be an effective component in the care of these patients.
Abstract 9900: Long-Term Preservation of Functional Capacity and Quality of Life in Advanced Heart Failure Patients with Bridge to Transplant Therapy: A Report from Japanese Nationwide Multicenter Registry
Authors: Sato Takuma , Nagai Toshiyuki , Kobayashi Yuta , Satoru Wakasa , Nakatani Takeshi , Saiki Yoshikatsu , Ono Minoru , Anzai Toshihisa
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
Bridge to transplant (BTT) with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are the most common treatment strategy for advanced heart failure patients. Under the 2018 revised heart allocation system in the United States, stable LVAD patients are anticipated to stay longer on the waiting list as they are lower relative priority for heart transplantation (HTx). However, little is known regarding long-term trajectory of functional capacity (FC) and health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) following LVAD implantation.

Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed 442 consecutive patients who received the HeartMate II LVADs as BTT between April 2013 and May 2019 and were followed at least 12 months from the Japanese Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support registry. FC (NYHA functional class, peak oxygen uptake [VO
2
] and 6-mimutes walk test [6MWT]) and HR-QOL (European Quality of Life [EQ-5D index] and Visual Analogue Scale [VAS]) were assessed at baseline and up to 60 months after LVAD implantation.

Results:
During the follow-up period of 30 (IQR 18-42) months, 100 (22.6%) patients were transplanted, 37 (8.3%) died, and 14 (3.1%) were explanted for recovery. Three hundred and forty-three (77.6%) patients had NYHA class IV at baseline. Following LVAD implantation, 86% of patients at 3 months and 87% at 60 months improved to NYHA class I or II. Mean peak VO
2
, 6MWT distance, EQ-5D index and VAS were significantly improved at 3 months after LVAD implantation (
P
= 0.0012,
P
= 0.0037,
P
<0.001,
P
<0.001, respectively). Furthermore, these improvements were sustained up to 60 months following LVAD implantation (Figure A-D). Adverse events including device failure, infection, stroke and bleeding occurred within 3 months after LVAD implantation did not affect FC or HR-QOL up to 60 months (
P
= 0.69,
P
= 0.40, respectively).

Conclusions:
Patients who received LVADs showed long-term preservation of FC and HR-QOL, suggesting that BTT-LVAD may remain an option despite a longer time to HTx.
Abstract 9948: Increased Soluble Programed Cell Death Ligand-1 is Associated with Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Fujisue Koichiro , Miyazaki Shuhei , Komorita Takashi , Egashira Koichi , Yamamoto Eiichiro , Sueta Daisuke , Oike Fumi , Usuku Hiroki , Takashio Seiji , Araki Satoshi , Matsushita Kenichi , Tsujita Kenichi
Published: April 2024

Background:
Programmed cell death (PD)-1 and its ligand (PD-L1) plays crucial roles in T-cell tolerance as immune checkpoint. Previous studies reported that increased serum levels of soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) reflect myocardial and vascular inflammation. However, little is known about the clinical relationship between sPD-L1 and acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We investigated the relation of sPD-L1 and ACS.

Methods:
We prospectively measured serum levels of sPD-L1 using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and continuous non-CAD admitted to Kumamoto University Hospital between December 2017 and June 2019. All malignant diseases, patients who underwent hemodialysis, active collagen diseases, and severe infectious diseases were excluded.

Results:
Totally, 446 CAD patients [ACS, n=124; chronic coronary syndrome (CCS), n=322] and 24 non-CAD patients were analyzed. The levels of sPD-L1 were significantly higher in patients with ACS than those both with non-CAD and CCS {ACS, 188.7 (111.0-260.8) pg/mL, P<0.001 vs. non-CAD [83.5 (70.8-130.4) pg/mL]; and P=0.009 vs. CCS [144.2 (94.8-215.5) pg/mL], respectively}. Univariate logistic regression analysis identified that hypertension, dyslipidemia, current smoking, usage of aspirin, beta blockers, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers, and the levels of low density-lipoprotein cholesterol, high sensitive C-reactive protein, and high sensitive troponin-T levels were significant factors associated with ACS. sPD-L1 was also significantly associated with ACS [odds ratio (OR): 1.003, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.002-1.005, P=0.001]. Multivariable logistic regression analysis with nine significant factors identified from the univariate analysis revealed that sPD-L1 was significantly and independently associated with ACS (OR: 1.004, 95% CI: 1.002-1.006, P<0.001).

Conclusions:
This is the first clinical study to demonstrate the increased level of sPD-L1 in patients with CAD, and the significant association with ACS.
Abstract 9955: Impact of a Heart Failure Clinical Pathway on Hospital Readmission in Medically Underserved Community
Authors: Imanli Hasan , Mitchell Richard , Krishnan Deepa , Besliu Dragos , Alkhalfan Fahad , Udoro Akemini , Kaldas Sandra , Okpah Gloria , Iyathurai Shajetha , Gyftopoulos Alex , Haque Reyaz
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
Heart failure (HF) is a global medical problem with high rates of readmission. Care pathways allow for a means of implementing a systematic guideline for treatment via EMR software and have been increasingly utilized with the goal of improving patient outcomes. However, these pathways have mostly been studied in medically well-served communities, whereas their impact in those that are underserved is unknown. This study was conducted in a community hospital in Baltimore, Maryland.

Methods:
Patients admitted for acute decompensated HF within 45 days before or after the implementation of the care pathway were identified retrospectively. Patients requiring ionotropic support were excluded from this analysis. Patients admitted before implementation of the pathway were designated to non-pathway and served as the control. Patients admitted after implementation of HF pathway were designated to the pathway group. The pathway included reminders for optimal goal-directed medical therapy (GDMT), patient education, nursing orders such as diuresis goals, and consults to case management, pharmacy, and cardiology. Data about length of hospital stay (LoS), medications at discharge, and readmission for HF at 30-, 60-, and 90-days post-discharge were collected.

Results:
The pathway group included 44 patients compared to 38 patients in the non-pathway group. There was no difference in the LoS between the two groups (4±3 days for both). Pathway patients were prescribed optimal GDMT at discharge more frequently compared to the non-pathway group (beta-blockers: 68% vs 61%, ACEi/ARBs: 82% vs 76%, ARNI: 30% vs 18%, MRAs: 14% vs 11%, loop diuretics 80% vs 74%; p = 0.002). Pathway patients had fewer HF readmissions at 30 days (16 vs 18%; RR=0.89), 60 days (25% vs 34%, RR=0.74) and 90 days (27% vs 42%, RR=0.64). Readmission rates were lower at 90 days in both HFrEF (0.33% vs 0.48%, RR = 0.69) and HFpEF (0.18% vs 0.31%, RR = 0.58), male (0.26% vs 0.42%, RR = 0.62) and female (0.29% vs 0.43%, RR = 0.67), and in patients without ESRD (0.25% vs 0.48%, RR = 0.52).

Conclusion:
In a medically underserved community, implementing a HF pathway for patients admitted with ADHF may reduce readmission rates without affecting length of stay and may ensure adequate GDMT upon discharge.
Optimal Degree of Balloon-Expandable Transcatheter Valve Oversizing in Patients With Borderline Aortic Annulus Measurements: Insights From a Multicenter Real-World Experience
Authors: Panagides Vassili , Cheema Asim N. , Urena Marina , Nombela-Franco Luis , Veiga-Fernandez Gabriela , Vilalta Victoria , Regueiro Ander , Del Val David , Asmarats Lluis , del Trigo Maria , Serra Vicenç , Munoz-Garcia Antonio , Rezaei Effat , Himbert Dominique , Tirado-Conte Gabriela , de la Torre Hernandez José M. , Fernandez-Nofrerias Eduard , Cepas-Guillén Pedro L. , Alfonso Fernando , Gutierrez-Alonso Lola , Oteo Domínguez Juan Francisco , Belanech Yassin , Paradis Jean-Michel , Mesnier Jules , Rodés-Cabau Josep
Published: April 2024

Background:

The potential benefit of using larger or smaller transcatheter heart valves (THV) in patients with borderline aortic annulus measurement (BAM) remains uncertain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes associated with the selection of larger or smaller THV in the context of BAM.

Methods:

This was a multicenter observational study including patients who underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement with the SAPIEN 3 or SAPIEN 3 Ultra-valve systems (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA) from April 2014 to June 2021. BAM was defined according to the manufacturer sizing chart and included the following annulus areas: 314 to 346, 400 to 430, 500 to 546 mm
2
. A 1:1 propensity score matching was used to compare outcomes of patients with larger or smaller THV.

Results:

From a total of 2467 patients, BAM was identified in 852 patients (34.5%). A larger and smaller THV was selected in 338 (39.7%) and 514 patients (60.3%) patients, respectively. The choice of a larger THV was associated (before and after propensity matching) with a higher risk of new-onset left bundle branch block (HR, 2.25 [95% CI, 1.39–3.65;
P
=0.001) and permanent pacemaker implantation (HR, 1.86 [95% CI, 1.11–3.09];
P
=0.016) without any impact on gradients or the risk of moderate or severe paravalvular regurgitation at discharge (HR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.41–1.45];
P
=0.427). The risk of periprocedural complications such as aortic rupture and tamponade was low (<1%) and similar between groups.

Conclusions:

In patient with BAM, selecting a larger SAPIEN 3/Ultra THV increased the risk of conduction disturbances without any benefit on valve hemodynamics and clinical outcomes.
Endovascular Treatment for Basilar Artery Occlusion: Revisiting Evidence From Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Ghozy Sherief , El‐Qushayri Amr Ehab , Elfil Mohamed , Dicpinigaitis Alis J. , Amuluru Krishna , El‐Ghanem Mohammad , Gandhi Chirag D. , Al‐Mufti Fawaz
Published: April 2024

Background

Acute ischemic stroke attributed to basilar artery occlusion is known to be associated with high rates of mortality and disability. However, the previous clinical trials did not provide evidence to support the efficacy of endovascular treatment (EVT) in patients with basilar artery occlusion. The purpose of this study was to provide updated evidence about EVT's benefits and safety profile with the recent update from both the Endovascular Treatment for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion (ATTENTION) and the Basilar Artery Occlusion Chinese Endovascular Trial (BAOCHE) trials.

Methods

We searched for eligible articles from inception to November 1, 2022, in 5 databases and included all randomized controlled trials with no restrictions on the publication date or language. Meta‐analysis statistics were performed using R software version 4.2.1.

Results

The rate of modified Rankin scale score of 0 to 3 was significantly higher in the EVT group compared with best medical treatment (risk ratio [RR], 1.54 [95% CI, 1.16–2.04];
P
value = 0.002), and the same was observed for the rate of modified Rankin scale score 0 to 2 (RR, 1.83 [95% CI, 1.08–3.08];
P
value = 0.024). Moreover, there was a significant reduction in the 90‐day mortality in the EVT group (RR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.65–0.89];
P
value = 0.002). However, there was a significantly higher rate of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage in the EVT group compared with best medical treatment (RR, 7.48 [95% CI, 2.27–24.61];
P
value <0.001).

Conclusions

EVT may confer a clinical benefit to patients with acute ischemic stroke caused by basilar artery occlusion. Because of the small number of included studies and because all of them were conducted in the Chinese population, further trials might be needed to confirm and further investigate the generalizability of these results.
HEMERA 1 Carboxy

HEM

oglobin oxyg

E

n delivery for

R

evascularization in

A

cute Stroke: A Prospective, Randomized Phase 1 Clinical Trial
Authors: Linfante Italo , Clark Wayne , Haussen Diogo C. , Hanel Ricardo , Reshi Rwoof , Dabus Guilherme , Jubin Ronald , Roshan Mona P. , Belnap Star , Nguyen Thanh N. , Grotta James , Wicks Robert , Cipolla Marilyn J. , Liebeskind David S. , Nogueira Raul G.
Published: April 2024

Background

PP‐007 is a polyethylene glycol (PEG)ylated bovine carboxyhemoglobin gas transfer molecule with pleotropic cytoprotective effects, vasodilatation, plasma expansion, and optimization of oxygen delivery. Rodent middle cerebral artery occlusion models have demonstrated that PP‐007 increases blood flow in the collateral circulation and reduces final infarct volumes, supporting a potential role as neuroprotective agent in acute ischemic stroke. We aim to evaluate the safety and feasibility of PP‐007 as an adjunctive treatment to mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in patients with stroke secondary to large vessel occlusion.

Methods

HEMERA‐1 (CarboxyHEMoglobin OxygEn delivery for Revascularization in Acute Stroke) was a multicenter, prospective, randomized, controlled phase 1 clinical trial. Anterior circulation large vessel occlusion patients were assigned in a 3:1 ratio to receive either PP‐007 (320 mg/kg: 30 min bolus followed by 2‐h infusion) plus MT or MT alone within 24 hours after symptom onset. Comprehensive safety evaluation was performed by independent Data Monitoring Safety Board and Imaging Core Lab.

Results

From October 1, 2021 to June 30, 2022, a total of 17 patients were recruited. Age, baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, and Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score were 74.8±12.7 years, 17.3±4.2, and 7.9±1.8, respectively. Twelve patients were randomized to PP‐007 plus MT, 1 was randomized but not treated, 4 patients were randomized to MT alone. Recanalization of the occluded vessel was achieved in all patients. A transient systolic blood pressure increase (20–40 mm Hg) during the bolus was observed in all PP‐007 patients without any clinical consequences. There were no other safety concerns.

Conclusion

No significant safety concerns were identified for the adjunctive use of PP‐007 in patients undergoing MT. (The study was funded by Prolong Pharmaceuticals.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT04677777.
Towards personalized precision functional mapping in infancy
Authors: Moore Lucille A. , Hermosillo Robert J. M. , Feczko Eric , Moser Julia , Koirala Sanju , Allen Madeleine C. , Buss Claudia , Conan Greg , Juliano Anthony C. , Marr Mollie , Miranda-Dominguez Oscar , Mooney Michael , Myers Michael , Rasmussen Jerod , Rogers Cynthia E. , Smyser Christopher D. , Snider Kathy , Sylvester Chad , Thomas Elina , Fair Damien A. , Graham Alice M.
Published: April 2024

The precise network topology of functional brain systems is highly specific to individuals and undergoes dramatic changes during critical periods of development. Large amounts of high-quality resting state data are required to investigate these individual differences, but are difficult to obtain in early infancy. Using the template matching method, we generated a set of infant network templates to use as priors for individualized functional resting-state network mapping in two independent neonatal datasets with extended acquisition of resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) data. We show that template matching detects all major adult resting-state networks in individual infants and that the topology of these resting-state network maps is individual-specific. Interestingly, there was no plateau in within-subject network map similarity with up to 25 minutes of resting-state data, suggesting that the amount and/or quality of infant data required to achieve stable or high-precision network maps is higher than adults. These findings are a critical step towards personalized precision functional brain mapping in infants, which opens new avenues for clinical applicability of resting-state fMRI and potential for robust prediction of how early functional connectivity patterns relate to subsequent behavioral phenotypes and health outcomes.
Neural mechanisms of the relationship between aerobic fitness and working memory in older adults: An fNIRS study
Authors: Hyodo Kazuki , Dan Ippeita , Jindo Takashi , Niioka Kiyomitsu , Naganawa Sho , Mukoyama Ayako , Soya Hideaki , Arao Takashi
Published: April 2024

A growing number of studies have revealed that higher aerobic fitness is associated with better working memory (WM) performance in older adults. However, the underlying functional neural mechanisms of this association remain under debate. It has been reported that aging increases recruitment of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during cognitive tasks, and that this is associated with task performance in a compensatory manner. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the prefrontal activation pattern that is associated with the relationship between aerobic fitness and WM performance in older adults, focusing on age-related extended prefrontal recruitment. Forty-seven older adults (65–74 years, 29 females) and 49 younger adults (18–24 years, 23 female) performed verbal and spatial n-back tasks, which included 0-, 1-, and 2-back conditions. Reaction time (RT) and accuracy (ACC) were assessed as indices of task performance. Prefrontal activation during the experimental tasks was monitored using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and analyzed using an adaptive GLM method. We compared task performance and prefrontal activation between age groups to find age-related prefrontal activation patterns. Only older adults underwent a graded exercise test (GXT) to determine their ventilation thresholds (VT) as a measure of aerobic fitness, and, subsequently, the relationships among aerobic fitness, n-back task performance, and prefrontal activation in older adults were examined using correlation analysis and mediation analysis controlling for possible covariates. A comparison of task performance between groups revealed that older adults had slower RT and lower ACC than did younger adults, especially in the higher WM load 2-back condition. Group comparisons of prefrontal activation showed that older adults exhibited additional or greater activation than younger adults mainly in the ventrolateral PFC (VLPFC) and front polar area (FPA) in both the verbal and spatial 2-back conditions. Correlation analysis showed a relationship between higher VT, shorter RT for the verbal 2-back condition, and greater prefrontal activation of the bilateral FPA and right VLPFC during verbal 2-back conditions in older adults. In addition, mediation analyses indicated the possibility of a mediation effect of the prefrontal activation on the relationship between VT and RT for the verbal 2-back condition. These results suggest that older adults with higher aerobic fitness levels recruited more extended PFC regions, possibly for compensatory activation, to enhance their performance of the verbal n-back task. This study sheds light on the neural mechanisms underpinning the relationship between aerobic fitness and cognitive function in older adults.
Adaptive thermogenesis of the brown adipose tissue in Apodemus chevrieri during cold acclimation
Authors: Gao Wen-rong , Zhu Wan-long
Published: April 2024

To investigate the effect of low temperature on body mass, thermogenic activity, and Uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) content of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in Chevrier’s field mouse (Apodemus chevrieri), 50 healthy adult mice with similar body mass were used in our experiment. They were divided into five groups of ten individuals as follows: a control group (0 d), where animals were maintained under 25 ± 1°C and a 12L:12D (light:dark, lights on 08:00) photoperiod; the other groups were maintained under 5 ± 1°C and a 12L:12D photoperiod for 7 d, 14 d, 21 d and 28 d, respectively. At the end of the experiment, the changes in body mass, resting metabolic rate (RMR), nonshivering thermogenesis (NST), BAT mass, mitochondrial protein (MP) content, cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity, and UCP1 content were measured. The results showed that compared with the control group (0 d), the body mass of the cold acclimation groups decreased significantly. In contrast, RMR, NST, BAT mass, MP content, COX activity, and UCP1 content of the cold acclimation group increased significantly. After cold acclimation for 28 days, RMR increased by 89.4%, NST increased by 50.4%, BAT mass increased by 44.6%, and UCP1 content increased by 36.0%. The ratio of (NST − RMR)/RMR was 1.03 after seven days and then dropped to 0.59 on day 21, and remained at a steady level thereafter. Evidently, NST was significantly positively correlated with BAT mass and UCP1 content. The results indicated that under continuous cold exposure, A. chevrieri could take appropriate measures to reduce body mass, increase RMR, induce BAT tissue proliferation, and unregulated UCP1 expression, thereby enhancing BAT thermogenic activity to cope with a low-temperature environment. In the early stage of cold acclimation, NST was dominant in thermogenesis, but as time continued, it reduced. This may represent a unique energy adaptation strategy of small rodents originating from the north and spreading southward toward the Hengduan Mountain regions.
A Brief History of the Development of Modern Psychological Astrology
Authors: Kanász Nikolett
Published: April 2024

In this article, we aim to provide a summary of the development of modern psychological astrology over the past century in terms of its esoteric and scientific historical antecedents, highlighting the contributions of the Theosophists on the one hand and C.G. Jung on the other, while discussing not only the complex interrelationships between the two but also other important authors and relevant historical aspects. By tracing the links between psychology and Western esotericism we also try to illustrate that, although being apparently two very separate fields, they are connected in several ways, both because of the similar questions they pose, because of certain historical processes that have influenced them, and because of the common subject matter they address—the human mind or soul.
An account on the Phaneropterinae (Tettigonioidea: Tettigoniidae) from the highlands of western Sabah
Authors: TAN MING KAI , LIU CHUNXIANG , INGRISCH SIGFRID , JAPIR RAZY , CHUNG ARTHUR Y.C.
Published: April 2024

Based on an orthopteran survey in different parts of western Sabah, a total of 24 species from 16 genera are reported here, i.e., three species from one genus of Elimaeini, 14 species from nine genera of Holochlorini and three species from two genera of Mirolliini. Among them, four species of Holochlora new to science are described from Mount Trus Madi: Holochlora bulbosa Tan, Liu & Ingrisch, sp. nov., Holochlora falcata Tan, Liu & Ingrisch, sp. nov., Holochlora bispinosa Tan, Liu & Ingrisch, sp. nov. and Holochlora cratera Tan, Liu & Ingrisch, sp. nov. One new genus of Holochlorini is described from Mount Trus Madi: Pulchrapsyra cyanea Tan, Liu & Ingrisch, gen. et sp. nov. One species of Deflorita (Separita) new to science from Mount Trus Madi is described: Deflorita (Separita) extensa Tan, Liu & Ingrisch, sp. nov.
A new species of Paraputo Laing 1929 (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) from India
Authors: JOSHI SUNIL , AMARENDRA B. , MENDONCE VIYOLLA PAVANA , SUSHIL S.N.
Published: April 2024

A new mealybug species, Paraputo blackmani Joshi, sp. n. (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) is described and illustrated based on adult females collected from Butea monosperma (Fabaceae), in Bengaluru Rural district, Karnataka, southern India. The new mealybug is most similar morphologically to P. mazoensis (Hall). Ants belonging to the genus Nylanderia were found tending the mealybugs; notes on the ecological associates of the mealybug and a key to adult females of all the species of Paraputo recorded from India are provided.
A new species of planthopper in the genus Myconus (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoroidea: Achilidae) from the Osa Peninsula in Costa Rica
Authors: BARRANTES EDWIN A. BARRANTES , ECHAVARRIA MARCO A. ZUMBADO , BARTLETT CHARLES R. , HELMICK ERICKA E. , BAHDER BRIAN W.
Published: April 2024

Recent surveys of palm-associated planthoppers in Costa Rica have revealed many new species, primarily in the families Derbidae and Cixiidae, but also Myconus jacquelinae Bahder & Bartlett, in the Achilidae. Here a new species of Myconus from the the Osa peninsula is described as Myconus florae sp. n. with supplemental molecular data for the barcoding region (5’-half) of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, 18S rRNA gene, and histone 3 (H3) gene. A key to all species of Myconus is provided.
Two new dactylogyrid species (Dactylogyroidea: Dactylogyridae), gill parasites of freshwater fishes from the Peruvian Amazon, including the proposal of Peruanella n. gen.
Authors: CRUCES CELSO L. , SANTILLÁN LUIS A. , SILVERA JORDAN F. , MOREY GERMÁN AUGUSTO MURRIETA , RUBIN VERONICA , CHERO JHON D.
Published: April 2024

A new genus of dactylogyrid, Peruanella n. gen., is proposed to accommodate Peruanella madredediosensis n. sp. from Brachyplatystoma tigrinum (Britski) (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) from the Madre de Dios River, in Puerto Maldonado City, Madre de Dios region, Peru. The new genus differs from Neotropical dactylogyrids by possessing a combination of the following features: (1) tandem gonads, (2) a tubular J-shaped MCO, (3) an accessory piece connected to the base of the MCO via a filament, (4) a midventral vaginal aperture, (5) anchors similar in shape, each with short roots, (6) straight and robust bars, and (7) equal hook, each with undilated shanks and a depressed thumb. A previously described species, Demidospermus aureagarciae Morey, Rojas, Dávila, Chu & De Pina, 2023 exhibits characteristics that are compatible with the diagnosis of the new genus; therefore, this species is transferred to the Peruanella n. gen. In addition, Jainus peruensis n. sp. is described from Brycon amazonicus (Spix & Agassiz) (Characiformes: Bryconidae). This new species, which is the first species of the genus described in Peru and the third species infecting a bryconid host, can be differentiated from all congeneric species due to: (1) a slender MCO forming a counterclockwise loop at the proximal end, (2) an unarticulated accessory piece with a scythe-shaped distal end, (3) a rod-shaped ventral bar with a medial projection, and (4) a V-shaped and grooved dorsal bar.
Isolation and Probiotic Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Kindirmou and Pendidam in Adamawa Region (Cameroon)
Authors: Steve Nodem , Adji Mohammadou , Alphonse Sokamte , Augustin Mbawala , Leopold Tatsadjieu
Published: April 2024

The microorganisms intended for use as probiotics in food formulation should exert health benefit effects and be regarded as safe for animals and humans uses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from pendidam and kindirmou, two traditional fermented milks (TFM) produced in the Adamawa region (Cameroon). Twenty-five samples (pendidam: 13 and kindirmou: 12) were randomly collected in five markets of Ngaoundere (n = 17 samples) and Meiganga (n = 8 samples). These samples were screened for their antimicrobial activity, and nine TFMs were retained. Lactic acid bacteria were isolated from these samples and their antimicrobial activity was already evaluated. Based on the inhibition zone, twenty-two LABs were retained and examined in vitro for potential probiotic properties based on their low pH tolerance, resistance to bile salts, tolerance to simulated gastrointestinal juices, hydrophobicity, autoaggregation, gelatinase and hemolytic activities. The outcome of these parameters studied was used as input data for a principal component analysis (PCA) to select the most promising isolate, and the six potential probiotic isolates were characterized through a biochemical profile. The characterized isolates have been identified as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lacticaseibacillus casei, and Lactococcus lactis. Traditional fermented milks contain LAB with important properties that can be utilized in the formulation of functional foods.
Evaluation of the Literature on the Use of Space Underneath Elevated Highways in Urban Leftover Space Renewal
Authors: Tian Yang
Published: April 2024

The construction of urban highways within and around the city has resulted in a significant amount of residual spaces, which are rarely incorporated into official planning and design efforts. This literature review paper provides an overview of space underneath elevated highways delivered by urban leftover space: What types of leftover space have been discussed? Which underneath elevated highways have been identified in leftover space? 112 scientific papers were analyzed for their 1) leftover space terms applied, 2) space underneath elevated highways studied, 3) current or potential underneath elevated highways discussed. Through the review, we found that although different types of space have been identified in leftover space, most studies did not consider underneath elevated highways synergies and trade-offs. The literature review highlights two knowledge gaps for future research: Firstly, the existing research on residual space under urban viaducts has been exhaustive in terms of connecting with environmental attributes. Secondly, the content of the social interaction and use of the remaining space under the viaducts can be connected to the content of the environmental attributes. The existing gaps in the research indicate the importance of exploring the potential impacts aimed at utilizing leftover spaces. By highlighting the value of the environmental attributes of under-bridge spaces, the literature study promotes the recognition of the association of social interactions with the environmental attributes of under-bridge spaces and further outlines future research directions for the remaining under-bridge spaces in the urban design process.
Iran Desert and Geology for Cultivation Potato
Authors: Kheyrodin Hamid
Published: April 2024

Geology is a branch of Earth science concerned with both the liquid and solid Earth, the rocks of which it is composed, and the processes by which they change over time. Geology can also include the study of the solid features of any terrestrial planet or natural satellite such as Mars. Iran and its neighbouring areas are considered as a complex puzzle, in which continental fragments of various origins were assembled and are now separated by discontinuous ophiolitic belts within the Alpine–Himalayan orogenic system At Kavir Iran central region on the volcanic-plutonic belt of central Iran. It is located in Rafsanjan (Kerman province). Igneous rocks in this area include volcanic rocks (andesite, Trachyandesite, basalt and dacite) and igneous rocks are calc-alkaline magma series. Sedimentary area is limestone, shale, conglomerate, sandstone. Filic and argillic alterations are most prevalent have. According to mineralogical studies, mineralization in this region includes iron oxide minerals, for example; Specularity And limonite, as well as secondary sulfide minerals such as borneite, colitis, digenite, and chalcocite, which are substitutes. Pyrite and chalcopyrite. Mineralization has occurred in the form of diffusion, veinlet, void filling and substitution. Potato is one of the most important legumes and constitutes a dominant portion of the global diet. Finally the effect of water stress. In this study, the potato savalan cultivar (StMYB) was the main factor (sandy, clayey soil, compost) and drought stress in four control levels and -0.3, -0.6, -1, and -1.5 MPa of soil water potential in three replicates form of a split plot. We show that in semnan desert the diversity in germplasm indicated that potato cultivars can be developed for production under certain degrees of drought and soil physical properties.
The Connection Between the High Frequency Data and Schizophrenia
Authors: Dashtban Gandom , Nourmandipour Parham
Published: April 2024

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that affects millions of people around the world. While the exact causes of schizophrenia are still not fully understood, recent research has suggested that the brain's frequency filter may play a role in its development. The brain's frequency filter helps us process and interpret the sensory information we receive. It allows us to focus on what is important while filtering out unnecessary or irrelevant information. The exact cause of schizophernia is not known but believed to involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and brain chemical/neurotransmitter factors. Risk factors include family history, certain gene variants, pregnancy/birth complications, drug use, and stress. For individuals with schizophrenia, this filtering process may not function properly, leading to cognitive impairments and the manifestation of symptoms. In summary, schizophrenia is a serious but treatable mental health condition with both biological and socio-environmental contributors. A combination of medication, therapy, social support, and self-help strategies are important for management. Diagnosis is based on the pattern and severity of symptoms. No single test can diagnose it. Doctors also check to rule out other possible causes. Without treatment, schizophrenia can severely disrupt daily functioning and carry increased risks like heavy smoking, suicide, homelessness, poverty, and self-neglect. Support via therapy and rehabilitation can help manage these issues.
Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Seed Rates on Growth, Yield and Yield Components of Bread Wheat in Jimma Zone South Western Ethiopia
Authors: Gurmu Sisay , Biya Muhidin
Published: April 2024

Wheat is one of the most important cereal crops in terms of production and consumption in Ethiopia. The country has the potential to produce a sufficient amount of wheat grain using irrigation, and government also gave attention to produce wheat and export it. But inappropriate agronomic practices, soil fertility depletion, and drought are among the constraints to the low yield of wheat crops in the country. In view of this, the field experiment was conducted during the irrigation season of 2020/2021 in two districts that are selected as irrigation potential and irrigation facilities namely, Sekacokorsa and Tiroafetadistricts of Jimma zone. The field experiment consisted of four N fertilizer rates (0, 23, 46, 69, and 92 kg Nha-1) and three seed rates (125, 150, and 175 kg•ha-1). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with a factorial arrangement in three replications. From the field experiment results, the growth, yield and yield components of the crop were improved by optimizing plant population density and nitrogenfertilizerapplication. Numerically the highest grain yield and above ground biomass of 6.7 and 13.09 t•ha-1at Tiroafeta and 3.67 and 9.61 t•ha-1 at Sekacokorsawas recorded in response to the seed rate of 175 kg•ha-1 respectively. On other hand in response to N fertilizer rate the maximum grain yield of 6.9 t•ha-1and above ground biomass of 14.04 t•ha-1 at Tiroafetawas recorded from 92kg N ha-1and 69 kg N ha-1 respectively. Whereas at Sekacokorsa the highest grain yield of 3.72 t•ha-1and above ground biomass of 9.76 t•ha-1 was obtained from nitrogen fertilizer rate of 46kg N ha-1. In conclusion, N fertilizer rate of 46kg•Nha-1 and seed rates of 125 kg•ha-1in both locationsgavethe optimum yield. But due to the field experiment was done for one year only it should be repeated over the years to give sound recommendationsunder similar agro ecologies.
From Policy to Practice: A Review of Africa’s Public Health Policy
Authors: Otorkpa Oche , Otorkpa Chinenye , Adebola Onifade , Emmanuel Stephen , Adamu Ahamed , Olaniyan Ololade , Jacques Saizonou , Oseni Okolo , Yusuf Abdirizak , Ibrahim Maman , Njoumemi Zakariaou , Zorro Ruhaima , Kiese Francis , Alapa Abechi , Adare Dechasa , Musa Adamu , Ahmed Fatima
Published: April 2024

Africa faces persistent health challenges, from infectious diseases to non-communicable illnesses, necessitating robust public health policies. However, the translation of these policies into effective practice remains a substantial challenge across the continent. This study employed a rigorous literature review, and policy analysis to shed light on the multifaceted factors impeding the successful transition from policy formulation to tangible health outcomes. Findings indicates that while Africa has made substantial progress in crafting health policies that align with global health goals, critical gaps persist in their execution. Major challenges include resource limitations, weak health infrastructure, insufficient capacity building, and complex socio-cultural dynamics that influence health behaviors and practices. In addition, bureaucratic hurdles, corruption, and lack of political will are identified as systemic barriers to policy implementation. The study highlights the need for adaptive and evidence-based policy making rigorous monitoring and evaluation mechanisms to track progress, and a multifaceted approach to bridge these gaps and address challenges. This includes strategic investments in healthcare infrastructure and workforce development, enhancing collaboration between governments and international partners, and fostering community engagement to ensure policies resonate with local contexts.