bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phytoplankton dynamics and their relationship with environmental variables of Lake Poyang
Authors: Cao Jing , Chu Zhaosheng , Du Yanliang , Hou Zeying , Wang Shengrui
Published: June 2016

Field investigations were conducted to identify environmental variables influencing phytoplankton dynamics in Lake Poyang. The results showed that diatoms predominated in the phytoplankton community. Concentrations of nutrients were high, and levels of phytoplankton biomass and chlorophyll a were low. During the low water level period (WLP), from January to May 2013, phytoplankton biomass was low. It increased from July 2013 and peaked in September 2013 during the high WLP. From October 2013 to January 2014, phytoplankton biomass decreased again. Highest values were generally measured in the middle district and lowest in the northern district. It decreased from October 2013 to January 2014. Redundancy analysis showed that water temperature and suspended solids (SS) concentrations were the principal factors regulating the growth of phytoplankton. The variations in SS were contrary to the biomass variations at the spatial level. During the high WLP, the blocking effect of the Yangtze River led to decreased water velocity and prolonged water retention time in Lake Poyang. Due to both the SS sedimentation and increase in water temperature, phytoplankton grew rapidly. Based on these findings, the variety of phytoplankton dynamics was caused by the combined effects of the Yangtze River effect, water temperature, and SS.
Preparation and selective adsorption of organic pollutants by an inorganic molecular imprinted polymer
Authors: Shang Jiaobo , Song Yanqun , Rong Chuan , Wang Yinghui , Wang Liwei , Zhang Yuanyuan , Yu Kefu
Published: June 2016

A novel inorganic molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesized by adding Al3+ to the Fe/SiO2 gel with Acid Orange II (AO II) as the template. The MIP was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurement. Compared with the non-imprinted polymer (NIP), the MIP enhanced the adsorption capacity of the target pollutants AO II. The selective adsorption capacity study indicated that the MIP adsorbed more AO II than the interferent Bisphenol A (BPA), which also has the structure of a benzene ring, thus proving the selective adsorption capacity of the MIP for template molecules AO II. In addition, the adsorption of AO II over MIP belonged to the Langmuir type and pseudo-second adsorption kinetics, and Dubinin-Radushkevich model indicates that the adsorption process of AO II over MIP and NIP are both given priority to chemical adsorption. The MIP reusability in performance was demonstrated in at least six repeated cycles.
Substrate removal kinetics and performance assessment of a vermifilter bioreactor under organic shock load conditions
Authors: Kumar Tarun , Hari Prasad K. S. , Singh Nitin Kumar
Published: June 2016

In the present study, the effect of short-term organic shock loads (675, 799, 1,084 and 1,410 mg COD/L) on the treatment performance of a pilot-scale vermifilter (VF), employing an epigeic earthworm Eisenia fetida and treating synthetic domestic wastewater is investigated. The effect of organic shock loads on the performance and stability of vermifiltration reactor was evaluated to identify its feasibility in actual field conditions. Prior to the application of each organic shock load, normal loading conditions were maintained to achieve the pseudo steady state (PSS) conditions. The results showed satisfactory endurance against imposed organic shock loads with negligible reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD) removals and it was almost similar to PSS condition with removal efficiencies of ∼ 66, 71, 67 and 68%, respectively. The experimental COD data fit well to first-order kinetic model, with a regression value of 0.95. At the end of all shock loads, the nutritional analysis of vermicompost obtained from the top layer of VF, showed increased concentration of total nitrogen (∼31 g/Kg) and total phosphorus (29 g/Kg). Besides, an augmented earthworm biomass, ∼23.2% on weight basis and ∼22% on number basis, was observed at the end of the study.
Assessment of the use of red mud as a catalyst for photodegradation of bisphenol A in wastewater treatment
Authors: Busto Raquel Vieira , Gonçalves Maraisa , Coelho Lúcia Helena Gomes
Published: June 2016

This study aimed to investigate the use of red mud (RM) – a byproduct of aluminum production, as a photocatalyst, which was characterized physical-chemically and used in the photodegradation of the target compound bisphenol A (BPA). Chemical processing was performed in the RM (acid treatment, chemical reduction and calcination) to verify the most active catalyst. From the results obtained, a complete degradation kinetics of BPA was carried out using a synthetic matrix (BPA in deionized water) and a real matrix (BPA in wastewater) using natural RM/calcined and TiO2 for comparison. The results indicated the potential use of the RM/calcined, which was able to degrade between 88 and 100% of the pollutant in a synthetic sample. Tests on a real effluent sample resulted in degradation rates that ranged from 59 to 100% with chemical oxygen demand reductions of up to 23% using natural RM/calcined in comparison to TiO2. The blank system (irradiation of the solution without the use of a photocatalyst) and the natural RM/calcined one, resulted in reductions of the toxicity in the effluent sample (measured by EC20 using the marine bacteria Vibrio fischeri) of about 12 times, whereas the same treatment using TiO2 resulted in a toxicity reduction of only seven times. Within these results, the RM/calcined showed potential to be used in wastewater treatment in polishing processes.
Ideación suicida, depresión y autoestima en adolescentes escolares de Santa Marta
Authors: Ceballos-Ospino Guillermo Augusto , Suarez-Colorado Yuli , Suescún-Arregocés Jesús , Gamarra-Vega Lizeth Milena , González Karen Estefany , Sotelo-Manjarres Andrea Paola
Published: June 2016

El presente estudio buscó establecer la relación existente entre depresión, autoestima e ideación suicida en estudiantes adolescentes de media vocacional en Santa Marta. La evaluación se efectuó a través del Inventario de Depresión de Beck, la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg, la Escala de Ideación Suicida de Beck y de un cuestionario socio demográfico. La muestra estuvo conformada por 242 estudiantes entre 15 a 19 años (Media=15 DesvTip=15.3), escogidos a través de un muestreo aleatorio estratificado. Los resultados muestran que el existe relación entre la ideación suicida y depresión (r=0.295 Sig=0.00), así como con la autoestima baja (r=-0.209 Sig=0.00). Dentro de las principales conclusiones se encuentra que los adolescentes con mejor autoestima y baja depresión poseen menor probabilidad de ideación suicida.
Riesgo psicosocial en el personal de enfermería. Servicio de urgencias en hospital universitario de Cartagena
Authors: Bustillo-Guzmán Martha , Rojas-Meriño Jeannys , Sánchez-Camacho Aury , Sánchez-Puello Lissette , Montalvo-Prieto Amparo , Rojas-López Martha
Published: June 2016

El trabajo como elemento vital para el desarrollo de las personas requiere de adecuadas condiciones de salud, pero, existen factores que pueden afectar al trabajador o a la empresa. En el presente estudio se buscó determinar los factores psicosociales a los cuales está expuesto el personal de enfermería del área de urgencias de un hospital universitario. Estudio descriptivo, realizado a 16 enfermeras y 64 auxiliares de enfermería que trabajan en diferentes jornadas, en el servicio de urgencias de un Hospital Universitario de Cartagena. Se utilizaron dos instrumentos: Perfil Sociodemográfico y el Diagnóstico de los Factores Psicosociales que midió lo relacionado con el contenido de la tarea, las relaciones humanas, organización del tiempo y gestión del personal. Los participantes del estudio fueron mujeres en su mayoría, con edad promedio de 34 años y estratos socioeconómico 2 y 3; en cuanto a los riesgos psicosociales, se encontró mayor afectación en las dimensiones de gestión de personal (98% de los casos) y de contenido de la tarea (75%); con menor afectación destacaron las dimensiones de relaciones humanas (53.8%). Los resultados del estudio reportan factores de riesgo en las dimensiones de gestión del personal y organización del tiempo de trabajo.
Evaluación de un programa de atención de la hipertensión arterial, según normatividad vigente en Colombia
Authors: Pérez Quintero Celenny , González Ruiz Gisela , Carrasquilla Baza Deibys , García Patiño Esnirly , Guarín Bedoya Evelin , Luna Semacaritt Luisa , Sirtori de la Cruz Lorena
Published: June 2016

Objetivo: Evaluar el cumplimiento de los indicadores establecidos en el programa de atención de la hipertensión arterial de una institución prestadora de servicios de salud de la ciudad de Santa Marta, de acuerdo con el Anexo Técnico N° 1 de la resolución 1043/2006 y la Guía de Atención de la Hipertensión Arterial establecida por el Ministerio de la Protección Social. Materiales y métodos: Estudio evaluativo, transversal cuya unidad de análisis fue constituida por una institución prestadora de servicios de salud e historias clínicas pertenecientes a 204 pacientes con diagnóstico de hipertensión arterial con un año o más de evolución; información recolectada mediante la aplicación de una lista de verificación validada a través de expertos. Resultados: cumplimiento de los indicadores del programa, distribuido de la siguiente manera: recurso humano (100 %), infraestructura física (50 %), dotación (83 %), proceso de atención (50 %), referencia y contrarreferencia (100 %), historia clínica (89 %), diagnóstico (52.5 %), tratamiento (75 %), seguimiento al paciente (100 %), seguimiento a riesgo (0 %). Conclusiones: El programa, cumple con los Indicadores establecidos en un 69,95 %, que según la escala de cumplimiento estipulada, se encuentra en el nivel 2: Satisfactorio.
Resultados del programa de tamizaje para cáncer de cuello uterino en el distrito de Santa Marta durante el año 2011
Authors: Jaramillo Osorio José Abraham , Romero Ortiz Alejandro
Published: June 2016

El cáncer de cuello uterino es un problema de salud pública en Colombia. En el departamento del Magdalena se han detectado deficiencias en la oferta de los programas de tamizaje, lo cual se traduce en bajas cifras de cobertura. Este trabajo analiza el comportamiento del programa durante el año 2011 en la ciudad de Santa Marta. Resultados: Se llevaron a cabo 10.218 citologías, 740 (7,23 %) de las cuales fueron reportadas como anormales, 493 (4,82 %) como lesión escamosa intraepitelial de bajo grado (LEIBG), 86 (0,84 %) como lesión escamosa intraepitelial de alto grado (LEIAG), y 8 casos (0,07 %) de carcinoma invasor. Un total de 1.164 (11,37 %) citologías fueron realizadas a pacientes por primera vez. Conclusiones: Se debe incrementar la cobertura, si se tiene en cuenta que el Distrito identifica un caso de carcinoma in situ por cada 100 pacientes que tamiza (1 %); igualmente, se deben vigilar sectores y grupos sociales identificados en los cuales la proporción de anormalidades citológicas es mayor.
Anormalidades congénitas neonatales registradas durante 5 años en una institución de salud colombiana
Authors: González Ruiz Gisela , Borré Ortiz Yeis Miguel , Camacho Rodriguez Doriam
Published: June 2016

Caracterizar las anormalidades congénitas neonatales presentadas en una entidad de salud de Santa Marta, Colombia, entre los años 2007 al 2011. Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, cuantitativo. La recolección de datos se hizo mediante la revisión de registros clínicos, de acuerdo con las variables solicitadas en un formato diseñado y validado por juicio de expertos. Se estudiaron características del neonato, del nacimiento, alteración congénita presente, antecedentes paternos y maternos, y variables sobre controles prenatales y notificación en salud pública. El estudio se efectuó con una muestra intencional de 55 casos de neonatos que cumplieron los criterios de selección. Se identificaron como defectos congénitos los del sistema cardiovascular (54,54%), sistema nervioso central (18,18%). No se registraron malformaciones genitourinarias ni respiratorias. Género femenino (85%), la mayoría normopeso y a término. No se evidenció notificación a salud pública; 4 neonatos presentaron asociaciones malformativas múltiples. Las anormalidades congénitas neonatales frecuentes afectan a los sistemas cardiovascular y neurológico, no se evidenciaron anormalidades de los sistemas urinarios y respiratorios, 7 fallecieron poco después del nacimiento
Role of Dissolved Organic Matter in Sorption of Perfluorooctanoic Acid to Metal Oxides
Authors: Yang Kai‐Hsing , Ruan Ci‐Jie , Lin Yen‐Ching , Fang Meng‐Der , Wu Chung‐Hsin , Hong Pui‐Kwan Andy , Lin Cheng‐Fang
Published: June 2016

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is an important perfluorinated chemical of significant environmental concern. It has been widely found at high concentrations in the environment. We have exposed sediment constituent minerals SiO2, Fe2O3, and Al2O3 to PFOA and humic acid (HA) and studied the adsorption of PFOA by introducing the adsorbates in different orders. The results suggest concurrent sorption of PFOA and HA to the mineral surface or enhanced PFOA sorption when both are introduced to the aqueous phase. However, when PFOA is introduced to the mineral surface that has already been exposed to and extensively coated with HA, little PFOA adsorption occurs, which implies that PFOA released to rivers rich in dissolved organic matter (DOM, i.e. HA) may be immune to sorptive retention by the sediment and be transported downstream unabated. DOM thus can play a significant role in the transport and fate of PFOA in the natural water system.
Risk‐Cost Estimation of On‐Site Wastewater Treatment System Failures Using Extreme Value Analysis
Authors: Kohler Laura E. , Silverstein JoAnn , Rajagopalan Balaji
Published: June 2016

Owner resistance to increasing regulation of on‐site wastewater treatment systems (OWTS), including obligatory inspections and upgrades, moratoriums and cease‐and‐desist orders in communities around the U.S. demonstrate the challenges associated with managing risks of inadequate performance of owner‐operated wastewater treatment systems. As a result, determining appropriate and enforceable performance measures in an industry with little history of these requirements is challenging. To better support such measures, we develop a statistical method to predict lifetime failure risks, expressed as costs, in order to identify operational factors associated with costly repairs and replacement. A binomial logistic regression is used to fit data from public records of reported OWTS failures, in Boulder County, Colorado, which has 14 300 OWTS to determine the probability that an OWTS will be in a low‐ or high‐risk category for lifetime repair and replacement costs. High‐performing or low risk OWTS with repairs and replacements below the threshold of $9000 over a 40‐year life are associated with more frequent inspections and upgrades following home additions. OWTS with a high risk of exceeding the repair cost threshold of $18 000 are further analyzed in a variation of extreme value analysis (EVA), Points Over Threshold (POT) where the distribution of risk‐cost exceedance values are represented by a generalized Pareto distribution. The resulting threshold cost exceedance estimates for OWTS in the high‐risk category over a 40‐year expected life ranged from $18 000 to $44 000.
A note on entropy of logic
Authors: Boricic Marija
Published: June 2016

We propose an entropy based classification of propositional calculi. Our method can be applied to finite?valued propositional logics and then, extended asymptotically to infinite?valued logics. In this paper we consider a classification depending on the number of truth values of a logic and not on the number of its designated values. Furthermore, we believe that almost the same approach can be useful in classification of finite algebras.
Pharmacological Targeting of the Atherogenic Dyslipidemia Complex: The Next Frontier in CVD Prevention Beyond Lowering LDL Cholesterol
Authors: Xiao Changting , Dash Satya , Morgantini Cecilia , Hegele Robert A. , Lewis Gary F.
Published: June 2016

Notwithstanding the effectiveness of lowering LDL cholesterol, residual CVD risk remains in high-risk populations, including patients with diabetes, likely contributed to by non-LDL lipid abnormalities. In this Perspectives in Diabetes article, we emphasize that changing demographics and lifestyles over the past few decades have resulted in an epidemic of the “atherogenic dyslipidemia complex,” the main features of which include hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL cholesterol levels, qualitative changes in LDL particles, accumulation of remnant lipoproteins, and postprandial hyperlipidemia. We briefly review the underlying pathophysiology of this form of dyslipidemia, in particular its association with insulin resistance, obesity, and type 2 diabetes, and the marked atherogenicity of this condition. We explain the failure of existing classes of therapeutic agents such as fibrates, niacin, and cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors that are known to modify components of the atherogenic dyslipidemia complex. Finally, we discuss targeted repurposing of existing therapies and review promising new therapeutic strategies to modify the atherogenic dyslipidemia complex. We postulate that targeting the central abnormality of the atherogenic dyslipidemia complex, the elevation of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles, represents a new frontier in CVD prevention and is likely to prove the most effective strategy in correcting most aspects of the atherogenic dyslipidemia complex, thereby preventing CVD events.
Skeletal Metabolism, Fracture Risk, and Fracture Outcomes in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Sellmeyer Deborah E. , Civitelli Roberto , Hofbauer Lorenz C. , Khosla Sundeep , Lecka-Czernik Beata , Schwartz Ann V.
Published: June 2016

Fracture risk is significantly increased in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and individuals with diabetes experience worse fracture outcomes than normoglycemic individuals. Factors that increase fracture risk include lower bone mass in type 1 diabetes and compromised skeletal quality and strength despite preserved bone density in type 2 diabetes, as well as the effects of comorbidities such as diabetic macro- and microvascular complications. In this Perspective, we assess the developing scientific knowledge regarding the epidemiology and pathophysiology of skeletal fragility in patients with diabetes and the emerging data on the prediction, treatment, and outcomes of fractures in individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Prognostic Value of Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography in Patients With Diabetes: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Celeng Csilla , Maurovich-Horvat Pál , Ghoshhajra Brian B. , Merkely Béla , Leiner Tim , Takx Richard A.P.
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE

The usefulness of coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) for the evaluation of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with diabetes is ambiguous. We therefore performed a meta-analysis of studies reporting event rates and hazard ratios (HR) to determine the prognostic value of CTA in this patient population.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We searched PubMed and Embase up to November 2015. Study subjects’ characteristics, events (all-cause mortality or cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, unstable angina pectoris, stroke, revascularization), and events excluding revascularization were collected. We calculated the prevalence of obstructive and nonobstructive CAD on CTA, annualized event rates, and pooled unadjusted and adjusted HR using a generic inverse random model.

RESULTS

Eight studies were eligible for inclusion into this meta-analysis, with 6,225 participants (56% male; weighted age, 61 years) with a follow-up period ranging from 20 to 66 months. The prevalence of obstructive CAD, nonobstructive CAD, and no CAD was 38%, 36%, and 25%, respectively. The annualized event rate was 17.1% for obstructive CAD, 4.5% for nonobstructive CAD, and 0.1% for no CAD. Obstructive and nonobstructive CAD were associated with an increased HR of 5.4 and 4.2, respectively. A higher HR for obstructive CAD was observed in studies including revascularization compared with those that did not (7.3 vs. 3.7, P = 0.124).

CONCLUSIONS

CTA in patients with diabetes allows for safely ruling out future events, and the detection of CAD could allow for the identification of high-risk patients in whom aggressive risk factor modification, medical surveillance, or elective revascularization could potentially improve survival.
Kindness Matters: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Mindful Self-Compassion Intervention Improves Depression, Distress, and HbA1c Among Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Friis Anna M. , Johnson Malcolm H. , Cutfield Richard G. , Consedine Nathan S.
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE

Mood difficulties are common among patients with diabetes and are linked to poor blood glucose control and increased complications. Evidence on psychological treatments that improve both mood and metabolic outcomes is limited. Greater self-compassion predicts better mental and physical health in both healthy and chronically ill populations. Thus, the purpose of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) was to evaluate the effects of self-compassion training on mood and metabolic outcomes among patients with diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This RCT tested the effects of a standardized 8-week mindful self-compassion (MSC) program (n = 32) relative to a wait-list control condition (n = 31) among patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Measures of self-compassion, depressive symptoms, diabetes-specific distress, and HbA1c were taken at baseline (preintervention), at week 8 (postintervention), and at 3-month follow-up.

RESULTS

Repeated-measures ANOVA using intention to treat showed that MSC training increased self-compassion and produced statistically and clinically significant reductions in depression and diabetes distress in the intervention group, with results maintained at 3-month follow-up. MSC participants also averaged a clinically and statistically meaningful decrease in HbA1c between baseline and follow-up of >10 mmol/mol (nearly 1%). There were no overall changes for the wait-list control group.

CONCLUSIONS

This initial report suggests that learning to be kinder to oneself (rather than being harshly self-critical) may have both emotional and metabolic benefits among patients with diabetes.
Update and Next Steps for Real-World Translation of Interventions for Type 2 Diabetes Prevention: Reflections From a Diabetes Care Editors’ Expert Forum
Authors: Cefalu William T. , Buse John B. , Tuomilehto Jaakko , Fleming G. Alexander , Ferrannini Ele , Gerstein Hertzel C. , Bennett Peter H. , Ramachandran Ambady , Raz Itamar , Rosenstock Julio , Kahn Steven E.
Published: June 2016

The International Diabetes Federation estimates that 415 million adults worldwide now have diabetes and 318 million have impaired glucose tolerance. These numbers are expected to increase to 642 million and 482 million, respectively, by 2040. This burgeoning pandemic places an enormous burden on countries worldwide, particularly resource-poor regions. Numerous landmark trials evaluating both intensive lifestyle modification and pharmacological interventions have persuasively demonstrated that type 2 diabetes can be prevented or its onset can be delayed in high-risk individuals with impaired glucose tolerance. However, key challenges remain, including how to scale up such approaches for widespread translation and implementation, how to select appropriately from various interventions and tailor them for different populations and settings, and how to ensure that preventive interventions yield clinically meaningful, cost-effective outcomes. In June 2015, a Diabetes Care Editors’ Expert Forum convened to discuss these issues. This article, an outgrowth of the forum, begins with a summary of seminal prevention trials, followed by a discussion of considerations for selecting appropriate populations for intervention and the clinical implications of the various diagnostic criteria for prediabetes. The authors outline knowledge gaps in need of elucidation and explore a possible new avenue for securing regulatory approval of a prevention-related indication for metformin, as well as specific considerations for future pharmacological interventions to delay the onset of type 2 diabetes. They conclude with descriptions of some innovative, pragmatic translational initiatives already under way around the world.
Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus exhibiting enhanced cross-resistance to oseltamivir and peramivir due to a dual H275Y/G147R substitution, Japan, March 2016
Authors: Takashita Emi , Fujisaki Seiichiro , Shirakura Masayuki , Nakamura Kazuya , Kishida Noriko , Kuwahara Tomoko , Shimazu Yukie , Shimomura Takeshi , Watanabe Shinji , Odagiri Takato ,   The Influenza Virus Surveillance Group of Japan
Published: June 2016

An influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus carrying a G147R substitution in combination with an H275Y substitution in the neuraminidase protein, which confers cross-resistance to oseltamivir and peramivir, was detected from an immunocompromised inpatient in Japan, March 2016. This dual H275Y/G147R mutant virus exhibited enhanced cross-resistance to both drugs compared with the single H275Y mutant virus and reduced susceptibility to zanamivir, although it showed normal inhibition by laninamivir.
Sport Tourism: Understanding the Concept, Recognizing the Value
Authors: Kunwar Ramesh Raj
Published: June 2016

The study of sport tourism has become very popular in the western countries. Therefore, it is aimed at grasping the knowledge of sport tourism from those studies: its nature, scope, significance, concepts, theories, approaches, models, perspectives and paradigms. This paper is intended to provide a broad understanding of sport tourism and its implications to the people who are involved in the tourism industry. It is believed that activities in sport and tourism build social capital by bringing people together and establishing their relationship. In this way they are making the world a smaller place contributing to greater understanding between different cultures, tolerance and ultimately, to world peace with a focus on adventure sport tourism. The study of sport tourism is equally important in the context of Nepal because it is one of the popular destinations for adventure sport tourists and tourism. This paper discusses on water sport in terms of whitewater river rafting tourism in the context of Nepal, which is still ignored and untouched in the field of academia.The Gaze: Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Vol.5 2013 pp.13-42
Tourism Crisis and Disaster Management
Authors: Kunwar Ramesh Raj
Published: June 2016

The article provides a review on the concepts of safety, security and surety in tourism and the repercussions that risk, vulnerability, crisis, disaster, hazard, emergency and political turbulence can pose upon the industry. The article aims not just to prioritize the impacts of disasters on tourism but also aims to focus upon the issues of crisis management, disaster management and new marketing approaches for revival of tourism which comparatively are the less touched upon issues in the context of Nepal. The concept of tourism decision making is also studied here in the light of various theories. The article also discusses on the cultural dimension of tourist decision making and crisis management in relation with national culture and some theoretical orientation of crisis management in relevance to tourism.The Gaze: Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Vol.7 2015 pp.1-36
Nepal's Earthquake-2015: Its Impact on Various Sectors
Authors: Ulak Nimesh
Published: June 2016

Natural Calamities are unavoidable events that lead to chaos, crisis and disaster. Nepal faced a disastrous earthquake: 7.8 Richter scale. Being repeatedly analyzed about the vulnerability of earthquake in Nepal, the country seems not prepared enough for the event. The unpreparedness had taken many lives including tangible and intangible values of society and cultural aesthetics. The earthquake has hindered the overall economic, social and environmental aspect. Tourism was one of the major economic backbones for the nation which with the event has barred at least for sometimes. According to the survey conducted on the Tourism Employment by Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation (MoCTCA) indicates that approximately 138,148 persons were engaged in the tourism sector (National Planning Commission, 2015b: 118). The pre-earthquake data, indicates that 487,500 jobs which would be 3.5 percent of the total employment in Nepal. The number of jobs was expected to rise by 4 percent in 2015 and 3 percent per annum to 681,000 jobs (World Travel and Trade Council, 2015). According to World Health Organization, the epicenter of the earthquake was Barpakh, Gorkha and the magniturde of the earthquake has catastrophic effect on 14 district of Nepal, including Gorkha, Dhading, Rasuwa, Sndhupalchok, Kavre, Nuwakot, Dolakha, Kathmandu, Lalitpur, Khaktapur, Ramechap, Sindhuli, Okhaldhunga and Makwanpur districts out of which Dolakha and Sindhupalchok are the most severely affected districts by the second earthquake on 13 May, World Health Organization (WHO, 2015).The Gaze: Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Vol.7 2015 pp.58-86
रेड्प्लस : द्वन्द र समन्वयको कारक (Redplus Dwandha ra Samadhanko karak)
Authors: सिलोरी Silori चन्द्र Chandra , सुजुकी Sujuki रेगन Regan , धिउल्हक Dhiluk अहमद Ahamad , ग्रिटेन Griten डेविड David
Published: June 2016

Not available.उपलब्ध छैनJournal of Forest and livelihood (हाम्रो बन सम्पदा)बर्ष ११, अंक १, २०७०/२०१३, पेज : २६-३६
Climate Change (Poem)
Authors: गुरुङ Gurung होम Hom बहादुर Bahadur
Published: June 2016

Not available.उपलब्ध छैनJournal of Forest and livelihood (हाम्रो बन सम्पदा)बर्ष ११, अंक १, २०७०/२०१३ पेज : ६३-६४
Fifteen Years of Wealth Disparities in Canada: New Trends or Simply the Status Quo?
Authors: Maroto Michelle
Published: June 2016

Despite the importance of credit markets in determining well-being, research on wealth inequality across groups in Canada has been limited. To address this gap, this paper documents disparities in net worth and home ownership over the past 15 years using three waves of the Canadian Survey of Financial Security (1999, 2005, and 2012). Beyond providing a basic discussion of wealth inequality in Canada, this study also highlights wealth disparities by Aboriginal identity, immigrant status, education, and disability status. My findings show that although aggregate wealth inequality has remained stable over this period, disparities have continued to grow for certain disadvantaged groups. Family households with adult immigrants, people with disabilities, and those with less education held less in net worth even after accounting for differences in age, earnings, and inheritance. In addition, mediation models that demonstrate the indirect effects of group membership on net worth also show larger disparities over time.
Alterung wassergemischter Kühlschmierstoffe
Authors: Seidel B. , Meyer D. , Brinksmeier E.
Published: June 2016

Kurzfassung

Die Alterung wassergemischter Kühlschmierstoffe infolge der Besiedlung und Zersetzung durch Mikroorganismen ist von hoher Bedeutung für die metallverarbeitende Industrie. Ein breites Spektrum an Bakterien- und Pilzarten ist in der Lage, so gut wie alle verfügbaren chemischen Substanzen im Kühlschmierstoff als Energie- oder Kohlenstoffquelle in ihren Stoffwechsel einzubinden. In den vorgestellten Untersuchungen werden Effekte der Kühlschmierstoffalterung anhand relevanter Parameter diskutiert, wobei ein konventioneller Kühlschmierstoff auf Mineralölbasis und ein mineralölfreies Produkt auf Basis nachwachsender Rohstoffe gegenübergestellt wurden. Unterschiedliche Strategien von Mikroorganismen bei der Verstoffwechselung der verfügbaren chemischen Substanzen werden anhand der Entwicklung der dynamischen Oberflächenspannung und des pH-Wertes diskutiert. Unter anderem zeigte sich, dass die Besiedlung mineralölbasierter Kühlschmierstoffe durch Mikroorganismen eine längere Anlaufphase benötigt als bei Grundölen auf pflanzlicher Basis. Mittelfristig sind jedoch beide Kühlschmierstoffe gleichermaßen stark besiedelt, was sich u. a. negativ auf die Korrosionsschutzeigenschaften der Fluide auswirkt. Eine Verschlechterung der Leistungsfähigkeit in Tribologietests aufgrund der bakteriellen Kontamination konnte gleichwohl nicht belegt werden.
Chronic lung disease in very low birth weight infants: Persistence and improvement of a quality improvement process in a tertiary level neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Birenbaum H.J. , Pfoh E.R. , Helou S. , Pane M.A. , Marinkovich G.A. , Dentry A. , Yeh Hsin-Chieh , Updegraff L. , Arnold C. , Liverman S. , Cawman H.
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE: We previously demonstrated a significant reduction in our incidence of chronic lung disease in our NICU using potentially better practices of avoiding delivery room endotracheal intubation and using early nasal CPAP. We sought to demonstrate whether these improvements were sustained and or improved over time.

STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of infants 501–1500 grams born at our hospital between 2005 and 2013. Infants born during the 2005–2007, 2008–2010 and 2011–2013 epochs were grouped together, respectively. Descriptive analysis was conducted to determine the number and percent of maternal and neonatal characteristics by year grouping. Chi-squared tests were used to determine whether there were any statistically significant changes in characteristics across year groupings.. Two outcome variables were assessed: a diagnosis of chronic lung disease based on the Vermont Oxford Network definition and being discharged home on supplemental oxygen.

RESULTS: There was a statistically significant improvement in the incidence of chronic lung disease in infants below 27 weeks’ gestation in the three year period in the 2011–2013 cohort compared with those in the 2005–2007 cohort. We also found a statistically significant improvement in the number of infants discharged on home oxygen with birth weights 751–1000 grams and infants with gestational age less than 27 weeks in the 2011–2013 cohort compared to the 2005–2007 cohort.

CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated sustained improvement in our incidence of CLD between 2005 and 2013. We speculate that a multifaceted strategy of avoiding intubation and excessive oxygen in the delivery room, the early use of CPAP, as well as the use of volume targeted ventilation, when needed, may help significantly reduce the incidence of CLD.
Use of Doppler velocimetry in diagnosis and prognosis of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR): A Review
Authors: Aditya I. , Tat V. , Sawana A. , Mohamed A. , Tuffner R. , Mondal T.
Published: June 2016

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a condition which has been difficult to assess at an early stage, resulting in the delivery of children who have poor genetic growth potential. Currently, IUGR classification is based upon the system of ultrasound biometry. Doppler velocimetry allows the measurement of hemodynamic flow of major fetal vessels, comparing the flow indices and patterns of normal and IUGR cases. In this review, the effectiveness of Doppler velocimetry in assessing blood flow in major vessels including the umbilical artery, ductus venosus, and middle cerebral artery was studied for both diagnostic and prognostic screening of IUGR. The umbilical artery is the most frequently studied vessel in Doppler velocimetry due to its accessibility and the strength of its associations with fetal outcomes. Abnormalities in the ductus venosus waveform can be indicative of increased resistance in the right atrium due to placental abnormalities. The middle cerebral artery is the most studied fetal cerebral artery and can detect cerebral blood flow and direction, which is why these three vessels were selected to be examined in this context. A potential mathematical model could be developed to incorporate these Doppler measurements which are indicative of IUGR, in order to reduce perinatal mortality. The purpose of the proposed algorithm is to integrate Doppler velocimetry with biophysical profiling in order to determine the optimal timing of delivery, thus reducing the risks of adverse perinatal outcomes.
Modernism under Review: Fredric Jameson's The Political Unconscious: Narrative as a Socially Symbolic Act (1981)
Authors: Duffy Enda
Published: June 2016

Fredric Jameson's seminal text The Political Unconscious is one of the great works of post-war critical theory. It launched a materialist cultural studies in American university humanities departments and beyond. Its mandarin Marxism adapted the ‘Late Marxism’ of Lukács, Bloch, Adorno and others for the academy and for the post-modern era, focussing on Marxism's singular capacity to offer a total reading of an artwork. It also implicitly faces Marxism off against a wave of French theory that was new when the book was written, especially those theories of power being developed by Foucault and Deleuze. This essay makes the case that Jameson's book gives us a Deleuzian Marxism avant la lettre, and that the book should be reread with care now, when eco-critique has embraced a Deleuzianism that needs the heft of a class politics.
Maize Seed Variety Classification Using the Integration of Spectral and Image Features Combined with Feature Transformation Based on Hyperspectral Imaging
Authors: Huang Min , He Chujie , Zhu Qibing , Qin Jianwei
Published: June 2016

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology has been extensively studied in the classification of seed variety. A novel procedure for the classification of maize seed varieties based on HSI was proposed in this study. The optimal wavelengths for the classification of maize seed varieties were selected using the successive projections algorithm (SPA) to improve the acquiring and processing speed of HSI. Subsequently, spectral and imaging features were extracted from regions of interest of the hyperspectral images. Principle component analysis and multidimensional scaling were then introduced to transform/reduce the classification features for overcoming the risk of dimension disaster caused by the use of a large number of features. Finally, the integrating features were used to develop a least squares–support vector machines (LS–SVM) model. The LS–SVM model, using the integration of spectral and image features combined with feature transformation methods, achieved more than 90% of test accuracy, which was better than the 83.68% obtained by model using the original spectral and image features, and much higher than the 76.18% obtained by the model only using the spectral features. This procedure provides a possible way to apply the multispectral imaging system to classify seed varieties with high accuracy.
Norwegian Pitched Roof Defects
Authors: Gullbrekken Lars , Kvande Tore , Jelle Bjørn , Time Berit
Published: June 2016

The building constructions investigated in this work are pitched wooden roofs with exterior vertical drainpipes and wooden load-bearing system. The aim of this research is to further investigate the building defects of pitched wooden roofs and obtain an overview of typical roof defects. The work involves an analysis of the building defect archive from the research institute SINTEF Building and Infrastructure. The findings from the SINTEF archive show that moisture is a dominant exposure factor, especially in roof constructions. In pitched wooden roofs, more than half of the defects are caused by deficiencies in design, materials, or workmanship, where these deficiencies allow moisture from precipitation or indoor moisture into the structure. Hence, it is important to increase the focus on robust and durable solutions to avoid defects both from exterior and interior moisture sources in pitched wooden roofs. Proper design of interior ventilation and vapour retarders seem to be the main ways to control entry from interior moisture sources into attic and roof spaces.
Two Blind Mice: It Is Time for Greater Collaboration between Engineers and Social Scientists around the RDD & D of Industrial Technologies
Authors: Jones Christopher , Jones Allan
Published: June 2016

Within this short communication article, we consider the value that closer and earlier collaboration between engineers and social scientists could offer the research, development, demonstration and deployment (RDD & D) of industrial technologies. We consider perspectives taken from both the social sciences and engineering in order to highlight the prejudices and misunderstandings that currently limit the extent and quality of such collaboration. It is reasoned that the complex engineering challenges of the future demand a move towards greater interdisciplinarity. Current successful approaches towards fostering interdisciplinarity within the Carbon Dioxide Utilisation (CDU) research community are then used to illustrate the benefits of employing a more holistic approach to the design and introduction of new industrial technologies. It is our hope that this article will catalyse similar collaborative research efforts within other sectors.
Low-Temperature Coherent Thermal Conduction in Thin Phononic Crystal Membranes
Authors: Puurtinen Tuomas , Maasilta Ilari
Published: June 2016

In recent years, the idea of controlling phonon thermal transport coherently using phononic crystals has been introduced. Here, we extend our previous numerical studies of ballistic low-temperature heat transport in two-dimensional hole-array phononic crystals, and concentrate on the effect of the lattice periodicity. We find that thermal conductance can be either enhanced or reduced by large factors, depending on the the lattice period. Analysis shows that both the density of states and the average group velocity are strongly affected by the periodic structuring. The largest effect for the reduction seen for larger period structures comes from the strong reduction of the group velocities, but a contribution also comes from the reduction of the density of states. For the short period structures, the enhancement is due to the enhanced density of states.
Entropic Measure of Time, and Gas Expansion in Vacuum
Authors: Martyushev Leonid , Shaiapin Evgenii
Published: June 2016

The study considers advantages of the introduced measure of time based on the entropy change under irreversible processes (entropy production). Using the example of non-equilibrium expansion of an ideal gas in vacuum, such a measure is introduced. It is shown that, in the general case, this measure of time proves to be nonlinearly related to the reference measure assumed uniform by convention. The connection between this result and the results of other authors investigating the measure of time in some biological and cosmological problems is noted.
A PUT-Based Approach to Automatically Extracting Quantities and Generating Final Answers for Numerical Attributes
Authors: Liu Yaqing , Wang Lidong , Chen Rong , Song Yingjie , Cai Yalin
Published: June 2016

Automatically extracting quantities and generating final answers for numerical attributes is very useful in many occasions, including question answering, image processing, human-computer interaction, etc. A common approach is to learn linguistics templates or wrappers and employ some algorithm or model to generate a final answer. However, building linguistics templates or wrappers is a tough task for builders. In addition, linguistics templates or wrappers are domain-dependent. To make the builder escape from building linguistics templates or wrappers, we propose a new approach to final answer generation based on Predicates-Units Table (PUT), a mini domain-independent knowledge base. It is deserved to point out that, in the following cases, quantities are not represented well. Quantities are absent of units. Quantities are perhaps wrong for a given question. Even if all of them are represented well, their units are perhaps inconsistent. These cases have a strong impact on final answer solving. One thousand nine hundred twenty-six real queries are employed to test the proposed method, and the experimental results show that the average correctness ratio of our approach is 87.1%.
Generalisations of Fisher Matrices
Authors: Heavens Alan
Published: June 2016

Fisher matrices play an important role in experimental design and in data analysis. Their primary role is to make predictions for the inference of model parameters—both their errors and covariances. In this short review, I outline a number of extensions to the simple Fisher matrix formalism, covering a number of recent developments in the field. These are: (a) situations where the data (in the form of ( x , y ) pairs) have errors in both x and y; (b) modifications to parameter inference in the presence of systematic errors, or through fixing the values of some model parameters; (c) Derivative Approximation for LIkelihoods (DALI) - higher-order expansions of the likelihood surface, going beyond the Gaussian shape approximation; (d) extensions of the Fisher-like formalism, to treat model selection problems with Bayesian evidence.
“How It’s Done”: The Role of Mentoring and Advice in Preparing the Next Generation of Historically Black College and University Presidents
Authors: Commodore Felecia , Freeman Sydney , Gasman Marybeth , Carter Courtney
Published: June 2016

The college and university presidency is one of the most coveted positions in academe. Due to the projected retirements of current Historically Black College and University (HBCU) presidents, the researchers interviewed 21 current presidents, institutional board members, and presidential search firm personnel to explore what current HBCU leadership identifies as important mentoring/mentee practices, mentoring/mentee opportunities, and professional advice for HBCU presidential aspirants to consider. The findings, based on the coding and analysis of semi-structured qualitative interviews, revealed that self-awareness, focusing on the essential aspects of the job and not merely the perks, openness to being mentored and willingness to shadow a successful leader, experience in serving in various administrative capacities, participating in professional leadership development activities, earning of a terminal degree, displaying humility, understanding academic politics, and learning how to present oneself as an executive is important in the preparation of a leader of an HBCU.
Forest Inventory with Terrestrial LiDAR: A Comparison of Static and Hand-Held Mobile Laser Scanning
Authors: Bauwens Sébastien , Bartholomeus Harm , Calders Kim , Lejeune Philippe
Published: June 2016

The application of static terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) in forest inventories is becoming more effective. Nevertheless, the occlusion effect is still limiting the processing efficiency to extract forest attributes. The use of a mobile laser scanner (MLS) would reduce this occlusion. In this study, we assessed and compared a hand-held mobile laser scanner (HMLS) with two TLS approaches (single scan: SS, and multi scan: MS) for the estimation of several forest parameters in a wide range of forest types and structures. We found that SS is competitive to extract the ground surface of forest plots, while MS gives the best result to describe the upper part of the canopy. The whole cross-section at 1.3 m height is scanned for 91% of the trees (DBH > 10 cm) with the HMLS leading to the best results for DBH estimates (bias of −0.08 cm and RMSE of 1.11 cm), compared to no fully-scanned trees for SS and 42% fully-scanned trees for MS. Irregularities, such as bark roughness and non-circular cross-section may explain the negative bias encountered for all of the scanning approaches. The success of using MLS in forests will allow for 3D structure acquisition on a larger scale and in a time-efficient manner.