bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Four Decades of Cover Change, Degradative, and Restitution Stages of Mangrove Forest in Douala-Edea National Park, Cameroon
Authors: Mumbang Coleen , Ajonina Gordon Nwutih , Chuyong George Bindeh
Published: January 2025

Mangroves are valuable ecosystems that provide significant biological, environmental, ecological, and cultural functions. To inform the development of management plans for the ecosystem's sustainability, it is crucial to evaluate how their land cover, levels of degradation, and phases of restitution have changed. GIS and remote sensing techniques were used to classify, and analyze Landsat images from 1980 to 2022 categorized into nine classes: bare ground, Nypa palms, settlements, coastal sedimentation, river sedimentation, regeneration, matured mangroves, dense forest, and water body. Using the Markovian chain approach, the changes noted during the period were utilized to forecast future trends up to 2052. Findings demonstrated that the mature mangrove area decreased throughout the study. The surface area covered by mature mangroves was 80628.78 hectares in 1980, which decreased by 7.31%, 1.51%, 3.70%, and 5.06% in 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2022 respectively and by 17% for the overall period of 42 years. Additionally, gains of 4.07% from 2000 to 2010 and 6.84% from 1980 to 2022 were observed probably from artificial mangrove regeneration. Settlements, invasive Nypa palms, bare ground (resulting from over-exploitation), and sedimentation of rivers and coast primarily replaced mangroves. The prediction derived indicated the continuous decline in mangroves if not fully protected by law. These results provide vital information to direct future mangrove conservation actions in the recently gazetted Douala-Edea National terrestrial and marine Park and other mangrove blocks along the Gulf of Guinea.
Salt Inducible Kinase (SIK-1) as a Predictive Biomarker in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Insights into Treatment Efficacy and Patient Survival
Authors: Gharib Amal F. , Bakhuraysah Maha M. , Alrehaili Amani A. , Alharthi Afaf , Alsalmi Ohud , Hawsawi Nahed Mohammed , Aljohani Abrar I. , Etewa Rasha L. , Elsawy Wael H
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background: Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is a challenging malignancy, and identifying effective treatment strategies and reliable biomarkers is crucial. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of combined neoadjuvant chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy on treatment outcomes, as well as to assess the potential of SIK-1 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in LSCC.
Methods: A total of 108 patients with locally advanced LSCC were treated with induction chemotherapy followed by definitive radiotherapy. Treatment responses were assessed, and SIK-1 expression levels were analyzed in tumor and adjacent normal tissues using quantitative real-time PCR. The associations between SIK-1 expression and clinicopathological factors, treatment outcomes, and survival were evaluated.
Results: Induction chemotherapy resulted in a 29.6% complete response rate, 50% partial response, and 20.4% stable disease. After chemoradiotherapy, the complete response rate increased to 64%. SIK-1 expression was significantly lower in LSCC compared to adjacent normal tissues (p
Smog Pollution in Lahore, Pakistan: A Review of the Causes, Effects, and Mitigation Strategies
Authors: Hussain Abid , Abbas Meesam , Kabir Muhammad
Published: January 2025

Air, necessary for human survival, is mainly impacted by pollution, with smog being one of the most dangerous forms. The word Smog is basically combination of two words smoke and fog, which is formed by the primarily due to human activities such as vehicular emissions, industrial pollution, crop burning, and construction activities, alongside environmental conditions. In Pakistan, particularly in Lahore, the smog crisis has intensified due to rapid urbanization, population growth, and unregulated industrial and agricultural practices. The smog is primarily composed of particulate matter (PM2.5 & PM10), ozone, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur oxides, leading to severe respiratory, cardiovascular, and ocular health risks, including premature deaths. This review highlights the socioeconomic implications of smog, such as its adverse effects on tourism, education, and economic activities. Lahore, which is the 2nd largest city in Pakistan, experiences hazardous Air Quality Index (AQI) levels, exacerbated by heavy traffic, outdated vehicles, and high-sulfur fuels. Smog is responsible for low visibility, causing accidents and also degradation of infrastructure. The compounded effects of smog and the COVID-19 pandemic reveal a correlation between particulate matter exposure and respiratory health vulnerabilities. To mitigate the smog include short-term measures like traffic regulations, use of masks, and limiting outdoor activities, alongside long-term strategies like transitioning to electric vehicles, promoting public transportation, public awareness and afforestation. The public awareness campaigns and advanced monitoring system are essential for effective smog control. Internationally aligned policies, such as improved fuel standards and cleaner industrial practices, are also crucial. The collaborative efforts of governmental agencies, industries, and communities are pivotal to addressing Lahore’s smog crisis. This study underscores the urgency of implementing sustainable energy solutions and comprehensive policies to safeguard public health, economic stability, and environmental integrity.
Combined Application of CAR-T Cells and Chlorambucil for CLL Treatment: Insights from Nonlinear Dynamical Systems and Model-Based Design for Dose Finding
Authors: Valle Paul A. , Coria Luis N. , Salazar Yolocuauhtli , Plata Corina , Ramirez Luis A.
Published: January 2025

This work presents a mechanistic nonlinear model to explore the dynamics of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) under combined chemoimmunotherapy with CAR-T cells and chlorambucil. The model, formulated by a set of three first-order Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs), captures the short- and long-term effects of both therapies on the leukemia cells population. Utilizing a model-based design approach, we determine optimal dosing strategies through extensive in silico experimentation. Nonlinear system theories are applied to analyze the local and global dynamics of the system, allowing us to derive sufficient conditions for therapy dosing and treatment protocol design. Additionally, we compare dose-escalation and dose de-escalation protocols, illustrating the potential for complete eradication, partial response or relapse if therapies fail to completely eradicate cancer. Our results emphasize the utility of mathematical modeling in improving treatment strategies on the emerging field of personalized medicine.
Experiences and Perceptions of Children and Adolescents Living with HIV in Accessing Healthcare in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review Protocol
Authors: Atatsi Wisdom Kwabla , Cudjoe Julius , Sitor Mary sitsofe
Published: January 2025

Background: The increasing number of children and adolescents living with HIV (LWHIV) in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) remains a significant global health concern. Despite numerous studies on HIV, there has been limited focus on the lived experiences of HIV infected children and adolescents, and how these experiences affect their access to healthcare services. Objective: The proposed scoping review aims to synthesize the available evidence on the experiences and perceptions of children and adolescents LWHIV in accessing healthcare services in SSA. Methods: The review will follow the methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley (2005). Relevant studies will be identified through a comprehensive search of electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus) using a combination of keywords and phrases related to the research question. Studies will be selected based on predefined eligibility criteria, including the involvement of HIV-positive children and adolescents (aged 0-19 years) in SSA and a focus on their experiences and perceptions of accessing healthcare services. Data extraction will be conducted using a standardized form, and thematic analysis will be employed to identify common experiences and perceptions. The Socio-Ecological Model will serve as a conceptual framework for analyzing the extracted data. Discussion: The scoping review will systematically report the existing evidence on the experiences and perceptions of HIV-positive children and adolescents in accessing healthcare services in SSA. The findings will contribute to a deeper understanding of the barriers and facilitators encountered by this vulnerable population, informing the development of comprehensive interventions and policies to improve healthcare access and promote inclusivity and support for their health and well-being.
The Epigenetics of the New Central Dogma:
Integrating Cognition and Behavior in an Update of Biology’s Main Tennant
Authors: Rivera Alyssa , Adessa Jonathan , Lopez Valeria , Bell Sophie , Archer Qiana , Keenan Julian Paul
Published: January 2025

The Central Dogma remains a basic tenant and guideline for basics of Biology. While exceptions are well known, expansions are rarely explored. Here we propose the New Central Dogma which outlines the role of epigenetics and briefly introduces how human intervention bends the nature of the Central Dogma. As the Central Dogma is employed as an introductory framework, we hope that additions are added such that the New Central Dogma elaborates to DNA> RNA> PROTEINS> BRAINS> BEHAVIOR EPIGENETICS. These additions will provide an updated introductory model as well as demonstrating the value of applying basic protein synthesis mechanisms to the cognitive and neural sciences.
Nutritional Composition, Physicochemical Properties, Antioxidant Activity, and Sensory Quality of Matricaria chamomilla-Enriched Wheat Bread
Authors: Kerbab Khawla , Sanah Ibtissem , Djeghim Fairouze , Belattar Nadjah , Santoro Valentina , D'Elia Maria , Rastrelli Luca
Published: January 2025

This study evaluates the effects of fortifying bread with different concentrations (3%, 10%, and 30%) of Matricaria chamomilla L. (MC) infusion and powder, using the aerial parts (stem, leaf, and flower) of the plant. UPLC/MS-MS analysis of MC infusion and powder EtOH ex-tract confirmed the presence of polyphenolic compounds, including flavonoids, contributing to enhanced antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties. The physicochemical, antioxi-dant, and sensory properties of the enriched breads were assessed. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed that breads enriched with 30% MC powder (BP-MC 30%) and infusion (BI-MC 30%) exhibited superior overall quality compared to other formulations. The enriched breads showed increased protein, fiber, and antioxidant content, with BP-MC 30% demonstrating the highest fiber content (10.6%) and antioxidant activity (IC50 = 4.05 µg/mL in DPPH assay). Sensory evaluation indicated differences in texture, with BP-MC 30% showing reduced crispness and higher hardness compared to control bread. These findings suggest that incorporating Matricaria chamomilla, particularly at 30%, improves the nutritional profile and antioxidant properties of bread while impacting sensory characteristics. This research highlights the potential of chamomile’s aerial parts for the valorization of plant-based by-products in functional bakery product development.
Deep Learning-Driven Integration of Multimodal Data for Material Property Predictions
Authors: Costa Vitor , Oliveira José Manuel , Ramos Patrícia
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the integration of deep learning for single-modality and multimodal data within materials science. Traditional methods for materials discovery are often resource-intensive and slow, prompting the exploration of machine learning to streamline the prediction of material properties. While single-modality models have been effective, they often miss the complexities inherent in material data. The paper explores multimodal data integration—combining text, images, and tabular data—and demonstrates its potential to improve predictive accuracy. Utilizing the Alexandria dataset, the research introduces a custom methodology involving multimodal data creation, model tuning with AutoGluon framework, and evaluation through targeted fusion techniques. Results reveal that multimodal approaches enhance predictive accuracy and efficiency, particularly when text and image data are integrated. However, challenges remain in predicting complex features like band gaps. Future directions include incorporating new data types and refining specialized models to improve materials discovery and innovation.
Psychological Characteristic Phases and Society: Psychological Life and Theoretical Physics
Authors: Yang Yingrui
Published: January 2025

This paper proposes a new theory of psychological life, using theoretical physics as a model methodology, and specifically discusses five characteristic phases of psychological life. The first is the embrace phase. The psychological characteristic of this phase is certainty and a sense of security, depicted by Newtonian mechanics. The second is the contradiction phase. The psychological characteristic of this phase is the entanglement and conflict between ideals and reality, illustrated by the debate over remote quantum entanglement and local causality in quantum mechanics and special relativity. The third is the re-entry phase. The psychological characteristic of this phase is integrating ideals and reality, recognizing personal conditions and individual differences, and re-facing society. This is first depicted by the proper time and momentum cone in special relativity, and then by the conceptual part of gauge field theory. Note: Quantum field theory is an integration of special relativity and quantum mechanics. The fourth is the civic phase. The psychological characteristic of this phase is the psychologized commitment to the structure of the external environment, illustrated by the dynamic analysis and symmetry groups in gauge field theory. The fifth is the sentiment phase. The psychological characteristic of this phase demonstrates the equivalence principle between the geometric description and algebraic description of psychological gravity, depicted by general relativity. The inequality of psychological advantages makes the psychosocial space curved, and the Pareto improvement of psychological welfare is the curvature of the psychosocial space. The introduction of this paper provides a general statement on the subject and lists 14 phases in the psychological life. followed by five sections that introduce the above-mentioned five fundamental psychological characteristic phases. The seventh section offers general discussions. We argue that psychological life shares certain structures with nature and can be modeled by applying theoretical physics.
Standardization, Validation, and Application of a Rapid and Reliable HPLC-UV Method for the Determination of Minoxidil and Minoxidil Oxothiazolidinecarboxylate in Hair Growth Products
Authors: López-López Madelen , Torres-Lizarazo Diana Maritza , Ramírez Alzate Tatiana , Mejía-Giraldo Juan Camilo
Published: January 2025

Minoxidil is a medication used for hypertension. Nevertheless, a significant side effect of hypertrichosis was observed, whereby, now it is widely used in formulation of topical medications for treatment of alopecia. However, international regulations prohibit its use in cosmetic products due to its antihypertensive activity and the potential for systemic absorption after application to the scalp. Despite these regulatory restrictions, various studies have reported the presence of minoxidil in cosmetic products. Objectives: to determine the presence of minoxidil and Minoxidil oxothiazolidinecarboxylate in cosmetic products for hair growth, by means of a standardized and validated HPLC-UV method for different cosmetic matrices. Methods: the analytical method was statistically validated by parameters such as selectivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, precision, robustness, limit of detection and limit of quantification according to International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines. Results: The validated method meets the ICH requirements. Additionally, it was found that presumably 2 of the 9 cosmetic products analyzed contained the banned analyte minoxidil, corresponding to 22.22 % of the products analyzed. Conclusions: It was possible to standardize and validate a HPLC-UV method for identification of minoxidil in cosmetic matrices, which gives reliability to results obtained. However, it is important to verify these results with other techniques such as HPLC-MS, to support these statements.
Growing Grapes in the Time of Dramatic Climate Change
Authors: Dalton David Robert
Published: January 2025

There is widespread agreement that the climate is changing. Some dramatic disturbances are reported when the costs are in lives. But to those working the land it is also clear that substantive changes are at hand. The air and ground temperatures are rising, water quality and quantity is changing, insect populations are on the move, and new bacteria and viruses abound. While there is evidence that similar localized perturbations have occurred in the past, the increases in human population and industry are unprecedented. It can be argued that their combined assault on the environment appears to be either the driving force or a major contributor to the deleterious changes. What has happened, and what is happening, in and around vineyards is described.
Advanced Therapeutic Approaches for Metastatic Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Choe Soohyun , Jeon Minyeong , Yoon Hyunho
Published: January 2025

Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death among women, which ranks as the eighth most common gynecological cancer. Although several cytoreductive surgeries and chemotherapies have been attempted to address ovarian cancer, the disease still shows poor prognosis and survival rate due to prevalent metastasis. Peritoneal metastasis is recognized as the primary route of metastatic progression in ovarian cancer, leading to severe symptoms in patients and is generally difficult to detect at an early stage. Current anti-cancer therapy is insufficient to completely treat ovarian cancer, particularly in cases where the disease has progressed to metastasis, due to its high rates of recurrence and resistance. Therefore, it is imperative to develop effective strategies for treating metastatic ovarian cancer. Given that various signaling pathways, including TGF-β, NF-κB, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways, influence cancer progression, their interactions within the tumor microenvironment (TME) are particularly significant. TME plays a critical role in driving metastatic features in ovarian cancer through altered immunologic interactions. Recent therapeutic advances have focused on targeting these distinct features to improve treatment outcomes. Deciphering the complex interaction between signaling pathways and immune populations contributing to metastatic ovarian cancer provides an opportunity to enhance anti-cancer efficacy. Hereby, this review highlights the mechanisms of signaling pathways in metastatic ovarian cancer and immunological interactions to understand improved immunotherapy against ovarian cancer.
Potential of Bacillus halotolerans in Mitigating Biotic and Abiotic Stresses: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Rafanomezantsoa Pelias , El-Hasan Abbas , Voegele Ralf Thomas
Published: January 2025

Bacillus halotolerans, a halophilic bacterial species of the genus Bacillus, is emerging as a biological control agent with immense potential for sustainable agriculture, particularly in extreme conditions and environmental rehabilitation. This review summarizes the current state of research on B. halotolerans, emphasizing its diverse applications in the biocontrol of plant pathogens, plant growth promotion under salinity stress, nematode management, and bioremediation. B. halotolerans utilizes several mechanisms such as the production of siderophores and phytohormones, secretion of exopolysaccharides, and the release of antifungal and nematicidal compounds, which allows it to mitigate both abiotic and biotic stresses in various crops, including wheat, rice, date palm, tomato, and others. In addition, genomic and metabolomic analyses have revealed its potential for secondary metabolite production that improves its antagonistic and growth-promoting traits. Despite significant progress, challenges remain in translating laboratory results into field applications. Future research should focus on formulating effective bioinoculants and field trials, to maximize the practical utility of B. halotolerans for sustainable agriculture and environmental resilience.
Machine Learning for Identifying Damage and Predicting Properties in 3D-Printed PLA/Lygeum spartum Biocomposites
Authors: Benabderazag Khalil , Guebailia Moussa , Belouadah Zouheyr , Toubal Lotfi , Tachi Salah Eddine
Published: January 2025

This paper offers an experimental approach to use machine learning (ML) models and Acoustic Emission (AE) data for the identification of damage mechanisms and predict the mechanical properties of 3D printed bio-composite. The specimens were produced using a bio-filament made of a PLA matrix reinforced with 10% wt. of Lygeum spartum fibers. AE signals were gathered during tensile and flexural tests in order to monitor the progression of damage under mechanical loading. subsequently, using Random Forest Regression (RFR), Support Vector Regression (SVR), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and Decision Tree (DT) models, the stress levels of the specimens under both test conditions were predicted. These algorithms were trained with 80% of the data, in a Python environment. 20% remained, to be used for testing. The models' accuracy was assessed using R-squared (R²) and Mean Squared Error (MSE) metrics. While the other models also demonstrated outstanding prediction capabilities for both tensile and flexural stresses, the RFR model outperformed the others. In addition, 5-fold cross-validation yielded results consistent with the hold-out test, further validating the models' accuracy. This research demonstrates how well these machine learning algorithms analyze AE data for material property evaluation, paving the way for data-driven approaches in material testing and health monitoring.
Heat Transfer Analysis in Double Diaphragm Preforming Process of Dry Woven Carbon Fibres
Authors: Dandangi Srikara , Ghanei Sadegh , Ravandi Mohammad , Naser Jamal , Di Pietro Adriano
Published: January 2025

Double diaphragm forming (DDF) represents an efficient manufacturing technique leveraging vacuum pressure and heat to form composite material stacks between flexible diaphragms. This study focuses on the critical role of thermal management during preforming, essential for material integrity, defect mitigation, and process efficiency. A comprehensive three-dimensional finite element model (FEM) is developed to investigate the heat transfer dynamics in DDF, incorporating temperature-dependent material properties such as specific heat and thermal conductivity under compaction and varying density conditions. A novel approach is introduced to predict thermal contact conductance (TCC) across multi-layer carbon fabric interfaces, validated using four laminate configurations. The resulting effective thermal conductivity of the laminates is applied in production scale simulations, enabling accurate predictions of temperature distributions, which are corroborated by experimental data. The findings highlight the significant impact of mesoscale interactions, such as yarn-level deformation and surface asperities, on TCC variation. The study provides an enhanced understanding of heat transfer mechanisms in DDF, offering insights to optimise process parameters, improve product quality, and advance manufacturing capabilities for complex geometries.
Intravenous Clarithromycin in Critically Unwell Adults: A Population Pharmacokinetic Study
Authors: Shah Reya V. , Kipper Karin , Baker Emma H. , Barker Charlotte I. S. , Oldfield Isobel , Davidson Harriet C. , Philips Barbara J. , Johnston Atholl , Rhodes Andrew , Sharland Mike , Standing Joseph F. , Lonsdale Dagan O.
Published: January 2025

Clarithromycin is a commonly used macrolide antibiotic. Infection is a major source of mortality and morbidity in critical care units. Pharmacokinetics may vary during critical illness and suboptimal pharmacokinetic exposure of antimicrobials has been shown to be associated with treatment failure. The pharmacokinetics of intravenous clarithromycin in critical illness has not previously been described. Pharmacokinetic, clinical and demographic data was collected from critically unwell adults receiving intravenous clarithromycin. Drug concentrations were measured using high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using NONMEM version 7.5.1. Allometric weight scaling added and periods of renal replacement therapy excluded a priori. Simulations of 10,000 patients were performed to assess pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PKPD) target attainment. 121 samples were taken from 18 participants. A 2-compartment model was found to provide the best fit. The addition of covariates did not improve model fit. There was no evidence of auto-inhibition in this population. Population parameter estimates were lower than previously reported, with high interindividual variability. Simulations suggested reasonable PKPD target attainment with current dosing regimens for most organisms with known clinical breakpoints. To our knowledge, this is the first study to describe the pharmacokinetics of intravenous clarithromycin. Although our simulations suggest reasonable target attainment, further investigation into appropriate PKPD targets and clinical breakpoints for clarithromycin may enable dosing optimisation in this population.
Factors Impacting Technical Efficiency in Mexican WUOs: A Dea with a Spatial Component
Authors: Niebla Lizárraga Gilberto , Somoza Ríos Jesús Alberto , Lizarraga Bernal Rosa del Carmen , Cañedo Raygoza Luis Alonso
Published: January 2025

Urbanization is creating an increasing number of challenges for efficient water management in cities with climate change. The present study investigates the technical efficiency of 49 Water Utility Organizations (WUOs) through a combined Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Tobit Model approach. The DEA assesses the relative efficiency of each WUO based on resource use and cost inputs for volume and population outcomes of drinking water production and distribution. Ultimately, the Tobit Model analyses the effect of location on efficiency. The results show an average efficiency of 0.73 under CRS and 0.82 under VRS, indicating that several WUOs could significantly reduce resource use while maintaining output. While the Tobit analysis does not identify a statistically significant effect of geography on efficiency, regional influences such as population density and resource availability may still impact WUO performance. The contribution of this study will be towards understanding the efficiency of water management in Mexico, identifying areas for improvement and paving the way for future research on the determinants of efficiency in the sector.
The Relationship Between Food Insecurity and Mental Health Among Syrians and Syrian Refugees During COVID-19
Authors: Calia Clara , El-Gayar Afnan , Zuntz Ann-Christin , Abdullateef Shaher , Almashhor Esraa , Grant Liz , Boden Lisa
Published: January 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted vulnerable populations, such as internally displaced Syrians and Syrian refugees (SRR) in Middle Eastern host coun-tries, through a syndemic interplay of health, social, and economic challenges. Move-ment restrictions disrupted their livelihoods resulting in increased food insecurity. A mixed-method approach was used to address the research question: "What is the rela-tionship between food insecurity, mental health, and COVID-19 among displaced SRR working in agriculture?" 100 SRR participants working in agriculture were recruited from northern Syria and neighbouring countries to participate in a Household Survey. The survey data were analysed using correlation and regression analysis. Additionally, interviews with Household Survey researchers were conducted and thematically ana-lysed. Increasing food insecurity was significantly correlated with worse mental health outcomes among SRR participants (rs = -.24, p = .018). No moderation effects were found with COVID-19 measures or household responses to the pandemic. However, smaller food portions and storing food were positively correlated with poor mental health and food insecurity. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated food insecurity and mental health challenges among displaced Syrians and refugees, particularly during Ramadan 2020, highlighting the compounded effects of overlapping crises and the need for further research into resilience strategies.
Multimodal Large Language Models with Context-Aware Fusion Mechanisms
Authors: Reed Elijah , Barnes Jeremy
Published: January 2025

Multimodal reasoning tasks, which require integrating and processing diverse modalities such as vision and language, are critical for developing intelligent systems. In this paper, we propose AMCI-MLLM (Adaptive Multimodal Context Integration for Multimodal Large Language Models), a novel generative model that dynamically adjusts the contributions of different modalities based on task-specific queries. The core innovation of our method lies in a context-aware gating mechanism integrated within cross-modal attention layers, enabling fine-grained multimodal reasoning. To optimize learning, we introduce a two-stage training strategy: task-specific pretraining and adaptive fine-tuning with curriculum learning. Our experiments show that AMCI-MLLM achieves state-of-the-art performance on benchmarks such as VQAv2, TextVQA, and COCO Captions, outperforming existing models in accuracy, relevance, and fluency. Extensive analyses further highlight its scalability, robustness to noisy inputs, and enhanced interpretability. These findings showcase the potential of AMCI-MLLM to address key challenges in multimodal reasoning tasks and provide a robust framework for future research in this domain.
Systems Design and Experimental Study of a Solar Parabolic Trough for Solar Refrigeration
Authors: Jagtap Swapnil Sarjerao , Bhandari Sanjay
Published: January 2025

A solar parabolic trough is manufactured, and the data required in the analysis provided in the current work is recorded with the said apparatus. The trough is manufactured considering its use for solar refrigeration using triple fluid vapor absorption refrigeration system (TFVARS). In this method, the solar energy is converted to thermal energy in the form of a stream of hot-air generated at the receiver of a parabolic trough. This thermal energy is used to heat the generator of the TFVARS. In this way, the refrigeration effect is achieved. Additionally, a discussion on the tracking modes of the trough for best efficiency and ease in tracking, is provided. In this work, the solar parabolic trough is designed as per the requirements of the TFVARS refrigerator, and then conduct a series of tests for recording the trough’s performance parameters.
Development of a Novel Anti-Human Glypican 5 Monoclonal Antibody (G5Mab-1) for Multiple Applications
Authors: Kaneko Yu , Tanaka Tomohiro , Fujisawa Shiori , Li Guanjie , Satofuka Hiroyuki , Kaneko Mika K. , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Kato Yukinari
Published: January 2025

Glypican 5 (GPC5) is a member of heparan sulfate proteoglycans and is anchored to the plasma membrane via glycosylphosphatidylinositol. GPC5 plays an essential role in kidney, limb, and brain development. Furthermore, GPC5 is expressed in some cancers, but whether it functions as a cancer-promoting or -suppressing factor remains unclear. Therefore, the development of versatile and specific anti-GPC5 antibodies is desired to clarify the biological and pathological functions of GPC5. In this study, we successfully established an anti-human GPC5 monoclonal antibody (clone G5Mab-1) using the Cell-Based Immunization and Screening method. G5Mab-1 is capable of using flow cytometric analysis. G5Mab-1 is specifically bound only to GPC5, not to the other GPC family members. The dissociation constant values of G5Mab-1 for CHO/GPC5 cells were determined as 9.9 × 10−9 M. Furthermore, G5Mab-1 detected GPC5 in western blot and immunohistochemistry using CHO/GPC5 cells. Therefore, the G5Mab-1 is highly versatile for basic research and is expected to contribute to clinical applications, such as antibody-based therapy and diagnosis of cancer.
Body Image, Autonomy, and Vaccine Hesitancy: A Psychodynamic Approach to Anti-vaccine Individuals Resistance
Authors: Zatti Alberto , Riva Nicoletta
Published: January 2025

This study examines the psychological and psychodynamic factors influencing vaccine hesitancy, with a particular focus on body image and emotional processing. Utilising the Body Image and Schema Test (BIST), the research analyses differences between pro-vaccine and anti-vaccine individuals across cognitive, affective, and behavioural dimensions. Findings indicate that anti-vaccine individuals exhibit higher levels of autonomy, distrust of authority, and emotional intensity, particularly in the form of heightened fear and anger. Their resistance to vaccination is linked to concerns about bodily integrity and a strong sense of self-protection, reflecting deep-seated psychological dispositions. The study highlights the role of defence mechanisms, personality traits, and social influences in shaping vaccine attitudes. By understanding these psychodynamic underpinnings, public health strategies can be better tailored to address vaccine resistance through targeted communication and interventions. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and healthcare professionals in designing more effective public health campaigns.
Fabrication and Characterization of Immatured Porcine Cartilage-Derived Cells Biomembranes
Authors: Bui Phuong-Vy , Pham Thi Vang , Vo Trung-Nhan , Nguyen Viet-Trinh , Tran Thai-Duong , Vo Vy-Khanh , Le Thi Phuong , Tran Dieu Linh , Truong Minh-Dung
Published: January 2025

(1) Background: Knee cartilage injury is at the top of the rising concerns among bone and joint disorders patients. Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) is widely used to approach knee cartilage deterioration. Integrating autologous chondrocytes and periosteal patches aids in forming new cartilage-like tissue at the lesion area. This study uses a novel cell source from one-day-old porcine cartilage to fabricate a bio-membrane as a substitute for periosteal membranes in cell implantation techniques for treating knee cartilage injuries. (2) Methods: Cells isolated from one-day-old porcine cartilage tissue were identified and assessed for their proliferation capability, differentiation ability, and membrane formation potential. The protein component of bio-membrane also was defined by proteomics. Cartilage repair ability was also confirmed using an in vitro transplantation model. (3) Results: Negative results for porcine infectious diseases are pivotal in selecting suitable piglets to provide cartilage tissue. Cells successfully obtained from one-day-old porcine cartilage exhibited stem cell-like characteristics (CD34-, CD45-, CD90+, CD105+), including high proliferation to 20 passages (doubling time: 1-2 days) and differentiation capacity into various cell types (osteogenesis, adipogenesis, chondrogenesis). Stem cells were successfully applied in the fabrication of bio-membranes. The protein components of bio-membrane included extracellular matrix and growth factors. The in vitro transplantation model showed that bio-membrane induced the repair ability of cartilage defects. (4) Conclusions: This study is the first to successfully harvest stem cells from one-day-old porcine cartilage for bio-membrane fabrication in knee cartilage injury therapeutic application.
Reliability and Aging Analysis of Novel Classes of Lifetime Distributions
Authors: Kayid Mohamed , Alanazi M.
Published: January 2025

This paper introduces novel classes of lifetime distributions characterized by the ratio of failure rate and reversed failure rate functions, evaluated at two distinct points. These classes extend existing stochastic reliability models by incorporating detailed relative aging behaviors, offering a robust framework for analyzing system aging, performance degradation, and failure dynamics under uncertainty. The preservation properties of these classes under order statistics are rigorously analyzed, providing insights into their relationships with established reliability measures. Applications of these findings in predictive maintenance, failure forecasting, and reliability optimization demonstrate their relevance to operational decision-making. By addressing the complexities of aging phenomena and variability in system performance, this study contributes to the advancement of stochastic modeling in reliability engineering and provides practical tools for tackling modern challenges in critical industries such as aerospace, manufacturing, and infrastructure.
A Single-Center Experience of En Bloc vs. Single Renal Transplantation on Adult Recipients
Authors: Chang Yoon-Jung , Simpson Samuel , Ekwenna Obi
Published: January 2025

Background / Objectives: While there are several debates on en bloc renal transplants and pediatric donors regarding its efficacy and concern for renal mass, multiple studies have supported the notion that transplanting pediatric en bloc kidneys produces comparable results in contrast to single kidneys from living or deceased donors. Methods: This case series was a retrospective analysis of a university medical center, primarily focused on comparing the post-operative outcomes between recipients of pediatric and adult en bloc kidneys, which are horseshoe kidneys, from deceased donors and recipients of single adult kidneys from living or deceased donors. Results: The study demonstrated that the post-operative results in recipients of pediatric en bloc kidneys consisting of serum creatinine and eGFR values were lower and higher, respectively, and had a comparable improvement in kidney function at post-transplant, 1-week, 1-month, 3-months, and 1-year post-op marks. Conclusion: The data and results at this university medical center support the notion that en bloc kidney transplantations from pediatric donors result in superior outcomes compared to that of single kidney transplantations from living or deceased donors.
Bioactivity Enhancement of Curcuma longa Extract via Optimized Enzyme-Assisted Ultrasonic Extraction
Authors: Khan Nayab , Aung Thinzar , Kim Choon Young , Kim Mi Jeong
Published: January 2025

To enhance the levels of bioactive compounds in turmeric extract, we optimized the enzyme-assisted ultrasonication extraction conditions employing a Central Composite Design within Response Surface Methodology. By varying the α-amylase enzyme concentration (1.5%, 5%, or 8.5%) and ultrasonication time (10, 20, or 100 min), the conditions were optimized based on the levels of the response variables (total phenolic and flavonoid content, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH] radical scavenging activity, and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity [TEAC]). The optimal conditions, comprising 8.14% enzyme concentration and 100 min of ultrasonication, achieved total phenolic content of 184.2 mg GAE/g, total flavonoid content of 197.1 mg QE/g, DPPH radical scavenging activity of 96.9 mM TE/g, and TEAC of 84.7 mM TE/g. Following treatment with the optimized extract, lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production as well as cell viability were evaluated. The results showed a NO inhibition rate over 90% at the optimized extract of 200 μg/mL, with minimal impact on cell survival. The optimized extract exhibited greater antidiabetic potential in the α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition assays and the greater inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme than the water- and solvent-derived extracts. These findings provide insight into the use of optimized extraction methods to extract higher levels of bioactive compounds from turmeric.
Interim PET/CT Evaluation in First-Line Follicular Lymphoma
Authors: Poza Maria , Martin-Muñoz Alejandro , López-Pereira Patricia , Figaredo Gloria , Zamanillo Irene , Iñiguez Rodrigo , Oliveira Ana Carla , Baumann Tycho , Rodriguez-Izquierdo Antonia , Grande Carlos , Sarandeses Pilar , Revilla Enrique , Cortes Montserrat , Ayala Rosa , Calbacho Maria , Martinez-Lopez Joaquin , Barrio Santiago , Jimenez-Ubieto Ana
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to determine whether interim PET/CT (iP-ET) scans could identify follicular lymphoma (FL) patients at high risk of relapse fol-lowing first-line therapy. Additionally, the potential of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) analysis to complement iPET in predicting outcomes was explored. Methods: A total of 121 FL patients who underwent iPET scans were included, with responses interpreted using the Deauville score (DS). Progression-free survival (PFS) was evaluated over a median follow-up of 34 months. Interim cfDNA data were analyzed for 14 patients to assess its potential for detecting false-positive PET results. Results: Overall, 34% of patients were classified as iPET(+), with significantly worse estimated 5-year PFS compared to iPET(-) patients (29% vs. 72%, hazard ratio 4.31, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis confirmed iPET(+) as an independent predictor of PFS. Rituximab maintenance was predictive of reduced progression within the iPET(+) group but not among iPET(-) patients. cfDNA analysis identified two false-positive iPET cases and showed potential to identify pa-tients with complete response at risk of early progression. Conclusions: Interim PET results are significant predictors of PFS in FL first-line therapy and could inform re-sponse-adapted treatment strategies. cfDNA analysis has the potential to complement PET/CT by improving specificity and identifying patients at risk of early progression, offering a more precise approach to managing FL.
Franz Diffusion Cell Approach for Characterisation of Caffeine Nanoparticle PLGA Based Forms
Authors: Mangunsong Sonlimar , Simamora Sarmalina , Taswin Muhamad , Suryani Arman , Nugroho Bambang Hernawan
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to evaluate using the method of Franz diffusion cells, the caffeine (CAF) releasing profiles of two forms: A nanoparticle PLGA and a pure water for injection. Drug release analysis was carried out under physiological conditions (pH: 5.6 to 7.4; ionic strength 0.15 M; at 37 °C) for 8 h. One independent vertical Franz cells were used with a nominal volume of the acceptor compartment of 125 mL and a diffusion area of 2.5 cm2. A transdermal simulation type (Strat-M®) type membranes is used. The CAF permeation profiles demonstrated on the membrane type and the vehicle used, the permeation is strongly affected. High permeation efficiencies were obtained for the CAF nanoparticle form, and low effect was observed for CAF water for injection formulation. The permeation studies membranes represent a reproducible method, which is easy to implement for pre-formulation stage or performance evaluation of pharmaceutical products for topical purposed administration.
A Framework for Iterative Phase Retrieval Technique Integration into Atmospheric Adaptive Optics. Part II: High Resolution Wavefront Control in Strong Scintillations
Authors: Vorontsov Mikhail A , Polnau Ernst
Published: January 2025

In this paper we introduce atmospheric adaptive optics (AO) system architectures that utilize scintillation resistant wavefront sensors based on iterative phase retrieval (IPR) techniques (described in detail in Part I [1]) for closed-loop mitigation of atmospheric turbulence-induced wavefront aberrations in strong intensity scintillation conditions. The objective is to provide a framework (mathematical and numerical models, performance metrics, control algorithms, and wave-optics modeling and simulation results) for the potential integration of IPR-based wavefront sensing techniques into the following major atmospheric optics system types: directed energy laser beam projection, remote laser power delivery (remote power beaming), and free-space optical communications. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation results demonstrate that the proposed closed-loop AO system architectures and control algorithms can be uniquely applicable for addressing one of the most challenging AO problems of turbulence effects mitigation in the presence of strong intensity scintillations.
Senescence Inducers and Senolytics – Pathways and Drugs Targeting Cellular Senescence
Authors: Khan Irfan S , Friedland Benjamin N , Forcelli Patrick A , Schmidt Marcel O , Wellstein Anton
Published: January 2025

Physiologic aging and insults from the environment lead to DNA damage. In response, cells in any organ will undergo senescence-induced growth arrest to prevent damaged cells from further propagation. This review focuses on senescence pharmacology. First, we describe senescence induction mechanisms and a unique feature of senescent cells, the SASP (senescence-associated secretory phenotype). Signaling pathways that control and respond to the SASP provide the framework for a better understanding of senescence pharmacology. We describe how several commonly used drugs can induce cellular senescence and how that impacts their efficacy and produces unexpected effects. Thereafter, we discuss the potential and challenges of senolytic drugs that eliminate senescent cells, and we describe targeting of components of the SASP as well as pathways that control expression of genes contributing to the SASP. Lastly, we discuss studies that have exemplified the significant impact of senescence-targeted therapy in various disease states.
A MATLAB-Based Simulation of Quantum Key Distribution Protocols at Telecom Wavelengths Under Various Realistic Conditions
Authors: Sharma Vishal
Published: January 2025

We investigate the feasibility of single and entangled-photon based quantum key distribution protocols at telecommunication
wavelength with two types of single photon detectors namely InGaAs/InP and Silicon-APD under various realistic conditions.
The purpose of the current optical fiber based simulation is to analyze the various performance parameters. In addition to
these, we analyze the effect of possible attacks on the one and two weak decoy state protocols under investigation with the two
deployed avalanche photodiodes. The simulation results obtained show that the one and two weak decoy state used in the
entangled based protocol at telecommunication wavelength with considered attacks and under various industrial parameters
outperforms the single photon based quantum key distribution protocol. In addition, it is also observed that Silicon-APD
(avalanche photodiode) performs better than InGaAs/InP-APD considering all the conditions.
Proof of the Riemann Hypothesis via Geometric and Spectral Methods
Authors: Mello Cesar Alexandre de
Published: January 2025

The Riemann Hypothesis, proposed by Bernhard Riemann in 1859, conjectures that all nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function lie on the critical line, where the real part of the complex variable equals one-half. This hypothesis is pivotal in understanding the distribution of prime numbers and has profound connections to spectral theory and differential geometry.
In this paper, we develop a novel geometric and spectral framework to address the Riemann Hypothesis. By utilizing principal bundles, Chern classes, and tools from topology, we reformulate the problem in terms of geometric invariants and their interaction with analytic structures. This approach bridges local and global properties of the zeta function, revealing deep interconnections between geometry and number theory.
The results are supported by detailed numerical validations and comparative analyses with classical approaches. Illustrative figures provide insights into the relationship between spectral properties and the critical zeros of the zeta function. This work not only reinforces the mathematical foundation of the Riemann Hypothesis but also establishes a pathway for further explorations in analytic number theory and modern geometry.