bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Viral etiology of respiratory infections among patients at Adama Hospital Medical College, a facility-based surveillance site in Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Dulo Bedado , Hinsene Gamachu , Mannekulih Ephrem
Published: June 2024

Background

Acute viral origins account for around 80% of respiratory illnesses globally. The influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, coronavirus, adenovirus, and rhinovirus are the main viruses that cause these illnesses. All ages are susceptible to severe acute respiratory infections, which have a high rate of morbidity and mortality.

This study aims to determine the prevalence of viral etiology of respiratory infections among patients attending the Oromia Sentinel Surveillance Sites between July 2022 and April 2023.

Methods

A facility-based cross-sectional study design was employed. We followed the WHO case definitions for each patient with a severe acute respiratory infection. The throat-swab specimens were sent to the Adama Public Health Referral and Research Capacity Building Centre after being collected in viral transport media.

After that, the CDC Multiplex RT-PCR amplification procedures were applied to the specimens to detect the presence of viral RNA using CDC Real-Time reverse transcription PCR techniques. Data quality assurance was maintained. SPSS version 29 statistical software was used to compute all analyses. At 95% CI and P-value <0.05, inferential analysis was performed.

Results

The results of this study showed that out of three hundred twenty-two throat-swab specimens collected, 100% underwent testing. Eleven (28.2%) of the thirty-nine (12.9%) who tested positive for influenza were influenza B, twenty-five (89.3%) were influenza A (H3N2), three (10.7%) were influenza A (H1N1) pdm2009.

The rates of influenza positivity by age group were 58.9%, 25.6%, 5.1%, 5.1%, and 5.1% for children under five years old, 5–14 years old, 15–49 years old, 50–64 years old, and older than or equal to 65 years old.

Three hundred and twenty-two (100%), twenty-two (7.3%), and eleven (3.6%) of the specimens examined for severe acute respiratory infections proved positive for the RSV and SARS-CoV-2 viruses, respectively. Furthermore, of the severe acute respiratory infection specimens that tested positive for Respiratory syncytial virus, 91% were from under five age groups.

Conclusion

Children under five are at risk of co-infection with various viruses, potentially leading to epidemics and severe illnesses. A comprehensive approach to IPC measures is needed to reduce these risks.
Evaluation of Real-World Mobility Recovery after Hip Fracture using Digital Mobility Outcomes
Authors: Engdal Monika , Taraldsen Kristin , Jansen Carl-Philipp , Peter Raphael Simon , Vereijken Beatrix , Becker Clemens , Helbostad Jorunn L , Klenk Jochen
Published: June 2024

Background

The main focus of rehabilitation following hip fracture is to regain mobility.

Objectives

To estimate the progression of real-world mobility the first year after hip fracture using digital mobility outcomes.

Design

An exploratory, prospective cohort study with pooled data from four previously conducted clinical trials.

Setting and Subjects

We combined data from the Trondheim Hip Fracture Trial and Eva-Hip Trial in Trondheim, Norway, and the PROFinD 1 and PROFinD 2 trials in Stuttgart and Heidelberg, Germany, resulting in a sample of 717 hip fracture patients aged ≥65 years.

Methods

Each of the trials assessed mobility using body-fixed sensors (activPAL™) at three time points, collectively providing observations across the entire first year post-surgery. The following 24-hour DMOs were calculated: total walking duration (minutes), maximum number of steps within a walking bout, and number of sit-to-stand-to-walk transfers. Continuous one-year progression of the median, the 25thpercentile, and the 75thpercentile were estimated using quantile regression models with splines.

Results

The dataset contained 5,909 observation days. The median daily total walking duration increased until 36 weeks post-surgery reaching 40 minutes; daily maximum number of steps within a walking bout increased during the first eight weeks and then stabilized at less than 100 steps; daily sit-to-stand-to-walk transfers reached a plateau after six weeks with less than 40 transfers.

Conclusions

The three DMOs progressed differently and attained plateau levels at varying times during the first year after hip fracture, indicating that these Digital Mobility Outcomes provide complementary information about different aspects of mobility recovery.
Compensating functional connectivity changes due to structural connectivity damage via modifications of local dynamics
Authors: Benitez Stulz Sophie , Castro Samy , Dumont Gregory , Gutkin Boris , Battaglia Demian
Published: June 2024

Neurological pathologies as e.g. Alzheimer’s Disease or Multiple Sclerosis are often associated to neurodegenerative processes affecting the strength and the transmission speed of long-range inter-regional fiber tracts. Such degradation of Structural Connectivity impacts on large-scale brain dynamics and the associated Functional Connectivity, eventually perturbing network computations and cognitive performance. Functional Connectivity however is not bound to merely mirror Structural Connectivity, but rather reflects the complex coordinated dynamics of many regions. Here, using analytical characterizations of toy models and computational simulations connectome-base whole-brain models, we predict that suitable modulations of regional dynamics could precisely compensate for the effects of structural degradation, as if the original Structural Connectivity strengths and speeds of conduction were effectively restored. The required dynamical changes are widespread and aspecific (i.e. they do not need to be restricted to specific regions) so that they could be potentially implemented via neuromodulation or pharmacological therapy, globally shifting regional excitability and/or excitation/inhibition balance. Computational modelling and theory thus suggest that, in the future therapeutic interventions could be designed to “repair brain dynamics” rather than structure to boost functional connectivity without having to block or revert neurodegenerative processes.

AUTHOR SUMMARY

Neurological disorders affect Structural Connectivity, i.e. the wiring infrastructure interlinking distributed brain regions. Here we propose that the resulting disruptions in Functional Connectivity, i.e. inter-regional coordination and information sharing, could be compensated by modifying local dynamics so to effectively emulate the restoration of Structural Connectivity (but through a suitable “software patch” rather than by repairing the “hardware”). For simple toy models involving a few regions we can achieve an analytical understanding of how structural and dynamical changes jointly control Functional Connectivity. We then show that the concept of “effective connectome change” via modulation of dynamics robustly extend also to simulation of large-scale models embedding realistic whole-brain connectivity. We thus forecast that novel therapeutic strategies could be devised, targeting dynamics rather than neurodegenerative mechanisms.
The Folding of Germ Granule mRNAs Controls Intermolecular Base Pairing in Germ Granules and Maintains Normal Fly Development
Authors: Tian Siran , Nguyen Hung , Ye Ziqing , Rouskin Silvi , Thirumalai D. , Trcek Tatjana
Published: June 2024

Drosophila germ granules enrich mRNAs critical for fly development. Within germ granules, mRNAs form multi-transcript clusters marked by increased mRNA concentration, creating an elevated potential for intermolecular base pairing. However, the type and abundance of intermolecular base pairing in mRNA clusters is poorly characterized. Using single-molecule super-resolution microscopy, chemical probing for base accessibility, phase separation assays, and simulations, we demonstrated that mRNAs remain well-folded upon localization to germ granules. While most base pairing is intramolecular, mRNAs still display the ability for intermolecular base pairing, facilitating clustering without high sequence complementarity or significant melting of secondary structure. This base pairing among mRNAs is driven by scattered and discontinuous stretches of bases appearing on the surface of folded RNAs, providing multivalency to clustering but exhibits low probability for sustained interactions. Notably, engineered germ granule mRNAs with exposed GC-rich complementary sequences (CSs) presented within stable stem loops induce sustained base pairing in vitro and enhanced intermolecular interactions in vivo. However, the presence of these stem loops alone disrupts fly development, and the addition of GC-rich CSs exacerbates this phenotype. Although germ granule mRNAs contain numerous GC-rich CSs capable of stable intermolecular base pairing, they are primarily embedded by RNA folding. This study emphasizes the role of RNA folding in controlling the type and abundance of intermolecular base pairing, thereby preserving the functional integrity of mRNAs within the germ granules.
Reuniens thalamus recruits recurrent excitation in medial prefrontal cortex
Authors: Vantomme Gil , Devienne Gabrielle , Hull Jacob M , Huguenard John R
Published: June 2024

Medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus are critical for memory retrieval, decision making and emotional regulation. While ventral CA1 (vCA1) shows direct and reciprocal connections with mPFC, dorsal CA1 (dCA1) forms indirect pathways to mPFC, notably via the thalamic Reuniens nucleus (Re). Neuroanatomical tracing has documented structural connectivity of this indirect pathway through Re however, its functional operation is largely unexplored. Here we usedin vivoandin vitroelectrophysiology along with optogenetics to address this question. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in acute mouse brain slices revealed both monosynaptic excitatory responses and disynaptic feedforward inhibition at Re-mPFC synapses. However, we also identified a novel prolonged excitation of mPFC by Re. These early monosynaptic and late recurrent components are in marked contrast to the primarily feedforward inhibition characteristic of thalamic inputs to neocortex. Local field potential recordings in mPFC brain slices revealed prolonged synaptic activity throughout all cortical lamina upon Re activation, with the late excitation enhanced by blockade of parvalbumin neurons and GABAARs.In vivoNeuropixels recordings in head-fixed awake mice revealed a similar prolonged excitation of mPFC units by Re activation. In summary, Re output produces recurrent feedforward excitation within mPFC suggesting a potent amplification system in the Re-mPFC network. This may facilitate amplification of dCA1->mPFC signals for which Re acts as the primary conduit, as there is little direct connectivity. In addition, the capacity of mPFC neurons to fire bursts of action potentials in response to Re input suggests that these synapses have a high gain.

Significance statement

The interactions between medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus are crucial for memory formation and retrieval. Yet, it is still poorly understood how the functional connectivity of direct and indirect pathways underlies these functions. This research explores the synaptic connectivity of the indirect pathway through the Reuniens nucleus of the thalamus using electrophysiological recordings and optogenetic manipulations. The study found that Reuniens stimulation recruits recurrent and long-lasting activity in mPFC - a phenomenon not previously recorded. This recurrent activity might create a temporal window ideal for coincidence detection and be an underlying mechanism for memory formation and retrieval.
TDP-43 pathology is sufficient to drive axon initial segment plasticity and hyperexcitability of spinal motoneurones in vivo in the TDP43-NLS model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Djukic Svetlana , Zhao Zhenxiang , Holmsted Jørgensen Lasse Mathias , Bak Anna Normann , Jensen Dennis Bo , Meehan Claire Francesca
Published: June 2024

A hyperexcitability of the motor system is consistently observed in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and has been implicated in the disease pathogenesis. What drives this hyperexcitability in the vast majority of patients is unknown. This is important to know as existing treatments simply reduce all neuronal excitability and fail to distinguish between pathological changes and important homeostatic changes. Understanding what drives the initial pathological changes could therefore provide better treatments. One challenge is that patients represent a heterogeneous population and the vast majority of cases are sporadic. One pathological feature that almost all (∼97%) cases (familial and sporadic) have in common is cytoplasmic aggregates of the protein TDP-43 which is normally located in the nucleus. In our experiments we investigated whether this pathology was sufficient to increase neuronal excitability and the mechanisms by which this occurs.

We used the TDP-43(ΔNLS) mouse model which successfully recapitulates this pathology in a controllable way. We used in vivo intracellular recordings in this model to demonstrate that TDP-43 pathology is sufficient to drive a severe hyper-excitability of spinal motoneurones. Reductions in soma size and a lengthening and constriction of axon initial segments were observed, which would contribute to enhanced excitability. Resuppression of the transgene resulted in a return to normal excitability parameters by 6-8 weeks. We therefore conclude that TDP-43 pathology itself is sufficient to drive a severe but reversible hyperexcitability of spinal motoneurones.
Brain-state modeling using electroencephalography: Application to adaptive closed-loop neuromodulation for epilepsy
Authors: Johnson Graham W. , Doss Derek J. , Makhoul Ghassan S , Cai Leon Y. , Bibro Camden E , Paulo Danika L. , Reddy Shilpa B. , Naftel Robert P. , Haas Kevin F. , Wallace Mark T. , Dawant Benoit M. , Crudele Angela N. , Morgan Victoria L. , Constantinidis Christos , Williams Roberson Shawniqua , Bick Sarah K. , Englot Dario J.
Published: June 2024

The progress of developing an effective closed-loop neuromodulation system for many neurological pathologies is hindered by the difficulties in accurately capturing a useful representation of a brain’s instantaneous functional state. Existing approaches rely on expert labeling of electroencephalography data to develop biomarkers of neurophysiological pathology. These techniques do not capture the highly complex functional states of the brain that are presumed to exist between labeled states or allow for the likely possibility of variation among identically labeled states. Thus, we propose BrainState, a self-supervised technique to model an arbitrarily complex instantaneous functional state of a brain using neural multivariate timeseries data. Application of BrainState to intracranial electroencephalography data from patients with epilepsy was able to capture diverse pre-seizure states and quantify nuanced effects of neuromodulation. We anticipate that BrainState will enable the development of sophisticated closed-loop neuromodulation systems for a diverse array of neurological pathologies.
Business student problem-solving skills and e-learning management in Malaysia: mediating role of student psychological motivation and peer collaboration
Authors: Anwar Aizza , Tick Andrea , Lim Yi Shern , Kee Daisy Mui Hung , Surienty Lilis
Published: June 2024

Purpose

E-learning has demonstrated its value as a powerful tool for enhancing students' educational experience. This paper uses a quantitative approach to examine the impact of students' cognitive problem-solving skills on their e-learning management ability. In addition, it investigates the parallel mediation role of student psychological motivation and peer collaboration. Moreover, the moderating role of gender was examined to identify the difference in e-learning management ability among male and female students.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from 214 Malaysian business students using an online survey. For the analysis, the researcher utilized both SPSS and a SMART PLS software.

Findings

The results show that cognitive problem-solving skills directly impact student e-learning management. Moreover, psychological motivation and peer collaboration mediate the relationship between cognitive problem-solving and student e-learning management. The study's results reported that female students' psychological motivation is higher than males in managing their e-learning environment. The study found that an e-learning environment helps students develop cognitive problem-solving skills, and students can manage their e-learning independently.

Originality/value

The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 worldwide has shifted the educational system from a traditional approach to an online context. There is a lack of studies examining students' cognitive problem-solving skills, their ability to manage e-learning and investigating gender differences. The findings reported here are novel in the context of Malaysia. Little evidence exists about the impact of problem-solving among business students on e-learning management ability while providing insight into gender differences.
How to conduct successful business process automation projects? An analysis of key factors in the context of robotic process automation
Authors: Schlegel Dennis , Rosenberg Bernhard , Fundanovic Oliver , Kraus Patrick
Published: June 2024

Purpose

In recent years, the robotic process automation (RPA) technology, a software-based method to automate routine tasks in business processes, has gained significant interest and adoption. However, many implementation projects fail and current literature lacks a synthesis and comprehensive overview of factors that challenge the implementation of RPA, have an impact on success or failure of projects, or, play an enabling role in an RPA project. Hence, the purpose of this research is to identify key factors that should be considered by organizations when conducting an RPA project.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper adopts a qualitative methodology based on data collected in a systematic literature review (SLR) and interviews with 10 RPA experts. Using inductive coding, an integrated framework of key factors is developed.

Findings

The results suggest that the key factors for a successful RPA introduction can be divided into human, organizational and technical factors. Important aspects include for example project management techniques, capabilities and skills of employees, as well as data security considerations.

Originality/value

The paper contributes to knowledge by synthesizing previously dispersed knowledge into an integrated framework, as well as by complementing previous results with new qualitative, empirical data. Additionally, the RPA-specific factors are put into the perspective of persistent problems in information systems development.
Exploring the role of new and enhanced BPM capabilities in customer experience management: does BPM matter?
Authors: Indihar Štemberger Mojca , Bosilj Vuksic Vesna , Morelli Frank , Jaklič Jurij
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Although improving customer experience (CX) has always been one of the top priorities of business process management (BPM), the evidence on the actual contribution made by traditional BPM to improving CX and customer experience management (CXM) is mixed. Recently, new and enhanced capability areas have been added to the traditional BPM frameworks, yet it is unclear which of them contribute to CXM. Moreover, it is not known which of them are necessary and which are sufficient conditions. The aim of this research is to shed light on the research gap concerning which BPM capabilities, especially new and enhanced ones, are relevant to CXM.

Design/methodology/approach

Quantitative data from 268 medium and large companies in 3 EU countries were analysed using hierarchical linear regression analysis and necessary condition analysis.

Findings

The results show that traditional BPM capabilities are a necessary condition for CXM, but with minor significance. Most highly significant necessary conditions and also most highly or medium significant sufficient conditions belong to the People or Culture area. Agile Process Improvement is the only new or enhanced BPM capability area in the Methods/IT area that is a necessary and also a sufficient condition for CXM maturity. Advanced Process Digitalisation was identified as neither a significant necessary nor a sufficient condition for CXM.

Originality/value

This research contributes to better understanding of the role played by BPM for CXM, where previous research provides mixed results.
Satisfaction leads to loyalty – or could loyalty lead to satisfaction? Investigating brand usage and satisfaction levels in consumer banking
Authors: Dawes John G.
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This study examines the association between behavioral loyalty and satisfaction scores for banks. Past work has generally viewed the link between satisfaction and loyalty to be one way – satisfaction causes or induces loyalty. This study suggests the relationship may not be just one-way, and that current loyal behavior towards banks (measured as using 1, 2 or 3 banks) may be related to satisfaction scores: the more banks used, the lower the satisfaction score.

Design/methodology/approach

The study employs large-scale survey data from the UK YouGov panel. It analyses satisfaction scores for 16 banks, from consumers who use either 1, 2 or 3 banks.

Findings

Banks receive lower satisfaction scores from their customers who use one other bank, compared to customers who do not use one other bank. Furthermore, users of two banks are less satisfied with either of them compared to users of one, and users of three banks are, on average, less satisfied with each of them compared to users of two.

Practical implications

The results will help managers and researchers better understand satisfaction scores. For example, part of the reason why a bank obtains low satisfaction scores could be that it has a large proportion of dual or multi-bank customers. Next, knowing that satisfaction scores differ according to the number of banks currently used may contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the link between satisfaction and future loyalty.

Originality/value

The study is highly original in proposing a novel hypothesis relating to bank usage and how it relates to satisfaction scores.
Managing construction project risks in turbulent times: a stakeholders perspective
Authors: Ebekozien Andrew , Aigbavboa Clinton , Samsurijan Mohamad Shaharudin , Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed Hafez , Akinradewo Opeoluwa , Omoh-Paul Igbebo
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The construction industry is unique but with uncertainties. This is because of the operating environment. This intricacy gives rise to several construction risks and is compounded in developing countries’ turbulent times. If not managed, these risks enhanced in turbulent times could negatively impact the Nigerian construction projects’ cost, time, quality, and performance. Hence, this study investigated the perceived encumbrances facing construction risk management techniques and identified measures to promote sustainable-based construction risk management in turbulent times.

Design/methodology/approach

The researchers adopted a qualitative approach and achieved saturation with 28 participants. The participants were government policymakers, quantity surveyors in government ministries/agencies/departments, consultant engineers, consultant architects, consultant and contracting quantity surveyors, and construction contractors knowledgeable about construction risk management. The research employed a thematic analysis for the study’s data.

Findings

Findings identified turbulent times related to the industry and major techniques for managing construction project risks in the Nigerian construction industry. It revealed lax adoption and implementation of practices. Also, the study identified major encumbrances facing construction risk and proffered initiatives that would promote sustainable-based construction risk management in turbulent times.

Originality/value

This study investigates encumbrances and suggests measures to promote construction project risk management in turbulent times in Nigeria. Also, the study contributes to the literature’s paucity, uncovering perceived encumbrances and evolving organisations’ management styles to imbed sustainable-based risk management practices by qualitative research design method.
Digital access and learning outcomes: a study of equity and inclusivity in distance education
Authors: Kulal Abhinandan , Dinesh Sahana , Abhishek N. , Anchan Ajaya
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The transformative impact of digital innovations on education has reshaped academic landscapes, affecting both instructional methods and evaluation systems. This study delves into the realm of distance education, exploring the intricate dynamics of digital access, equity and inclusivity, with a particular focus on their influence on learning outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach

A comprehensive survey involving 360 participants was conducted to gather data on various facets of the digital learning environment. Descriptive statistics illuminated participants' perceptions, while digital access disparities were analyzed through a chi-square test. Structural equation modelling (SEM) assessed direct relationships, mediation and moderation analyses and elucidated the nuanced influence of demographic parameters.

Findings

Descriptive analysis revealed generally positive perceptions of digital learning, with some variability in aspects like accessibility of learning materials and Internet connectivity. Digital access disparities were evident across demographic parameters, highlighting significant associations with gender, education, income, geographic location, religious affiliation and field of study. SEM indicated robust positive associations between digital access and learning outcomes, strategies for enhancing equity and inclusivity and their combined impact on overall academic success.

Originality/value

This study contributes original insights by comprehensively analyzing the interplay of digital access, equity and inclusivity in distance education and their impact on learning outcomes. The research unveils nuanced disparities across demographic dimensions, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions. The study’s integration of SEM, mediation and moderation analyses adds a sophisticated layer to the understanding of these relationships.
An integrated framework for prioritizing risk mitigation approaches – the case of dairy supply chain
Authors: Shaker Fatemeh , Shahin Arash
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This paper proposes an approach for prioritizing Risk Mitigation (RMTG) approaches in perishable food Supply Chains (SCs).

Design/methodology/approach

An integrative approach has been proposed, based on the risk typology and Supply Chain RMTG (SCRMTG) approaches literature review, integrating trending Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA), Quality Function Deployment (QFD) and Quadrant Analysis (QA). Risks are prioritized using Trending FMEA. SCRMTG approaches are prioritized by considering the prioritized risks using QFD and also based on their strategic importance and ease of Benchmarking via QA. The proposed approach has been examined in a dairy-manufacturing company.

Findings

Findings indicated supplying the imported machine parts, old machines and delayed new product introduction, respectively, as the most prominent supply, process and demand risks and multiple sourcing, upgraded machinery, hiring skilled staff and training, collaboration with downstream partners as the highly prioritized SCRMTG approaches based on the strategic importance and ease of benchmarking.

Research limitations/implications

The results of this study increase the awareness of SC managers and provide the company with a framework of risk management and the insights to manage SCRs in the dairy industry more effectively and efficiently.

Originality/value

While the literature review indicates that only a few studies have been focused on prioritizing SCRMTG approaches concerning each type of SCRs, SCRMTG approaches are prioritized based on the SCRs type. Other innovations include QFD development based on the FMEA and SCRMTG approaches, considering the probability of risk occurrence, severity-impact cost and risk recovery duration in trending FMEA instead of the three risk factors in traditional FMEA.
There is no limit to what we as women can accomplish: promoting women’s entrepreneurial empowerment and disaster management capabilities
Authors: Khalid Rimsha , Raza Mohsin , Piwowar-Sulej Katarzyna , Ghaderi Zahed
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Existing gender inequality across all sectors has weakened women’s resilience to risk management. The chaos heightens if they are not only breadwinners of their family but roaring the entrepreneurial world. Disasters and crises hit entrepreneurs equally but post-disaster damages following ripple effects hit hardest to women ruling the one-third portion of the entrepreneurial world. Surprisingly, the post-disaster entrepreneurial challenges of women are overlooked, and the study aims to fill the gap by explaining the right way of empowering women through entrepreneurial initiatives.

Design/methodology/approach

The research is based on data collected from 372 women entrepreneurs in the tourism industry of the Andaman Sea coastal area in Thailand by following the cluster sampling technique. The women entrepreneurs of Thailand were chosen as target respondents because women’s participation is more than 40% in entrepreneurial businesses.

Findings

The findings revealed that entrepreneurial marketing, entrepreneurial opportunity and entrepreneurial tenacity have a significant influence on entrepreneurial initiatives and the entrepreneurial mindset successfully mediates between dependent variables and entrepreneurial initiatives.

Practical implications

This study has important insights for policymakers, women entrepreneurs, institutions and the tourism industry. However, it focuses solely on women entrepreneurs participating in the tourism industry of Thailand. Therefore, future studies are invited to incorporate male entrepreneurs and be conducted in other developed and Asian countries.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the entrepreneurial field by proposing entrepreneurial factors that can help women entrepreneurs restart their businesses, mitigating or minimizing natural disaster effects and proposing pioneering suggestions to uplift the tourism entrepreneurial sector.
Improving students' perceived learning outcomes through experiential learning: a course design of the blended e-learning environment
Authors: Wang Chung-Jen
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Experiential learning is considered to be a crucial factor in students' perceived learning outcomes. This study aims to explore the development of a mechanism in hospitality education and to analyze the learning outcomes (i.e. perceived quality, perceived value and learning satisfaction) using experiential learning (i.e. previous learning experience and personalized learning environment).

Design/methodology/approach

The course design consisted of two activities (instructing and learning activities) and three phases (before, during and after class) using the Moodle version 3.5 online platform as the educational and training site to sustain e-learning archives and activities. A longitudinal survey using a sample of 207 hospitality students in blended e-learning environment indicates positive relationships among the previously mentioned factors.

Findings

Results indicated that both previous learning experience and personalized learning environment have positive direct effects on perceived quality and perceived value, while both perceived quality and perceived value have positive direct effects on learning satisfaction. Furthermore, both perceived quality and perceived value mediate the relationship between previous learning experience and learning satisfaction, as well as the relationship between personalized learning environment and learning satisfaction.

Originality/value

These findings sustain the value of experiential learning, particularly the curriculum, student and faculty development in sustainable development education for hospitality.
Understanding debt financing decisions in family firms – Are there new insights from the recent literature?
Authors: Sánchez-Andújar Sonia , Parrado-Martínez Purificación , Comino-Jurado María
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Considering the important development that research on debt financing decisions of family firms (FFs) has undergone in recent years, we aim to assess the current state of the literature with the latest advances in this field.

Design/methodology/approach

We undertake a systematic review of 42 journal articles published on this topic in recent years.

Findings

As a result of our work, new directions for the advancement of this research field are established, such as the consideration of different methodologies and sources of heterogeneity of FFs, the need for an integration of the supply and demand side of funds or the importance of evaluating a diversity of firm-specific and contextual factors affecting the debt financial behaviour of FFs.

Originality/value

Considering the notable development of the field of debt financing decisions of FFs in recent years, we find it opportune and valuable to revise the advances and trends published in the most recent papers. Thus, by connecting previous and current knowledge, we provide an updated integrative model of the state of the art and posit key research questions to solve in the future.
Heat transfer analysis in a horizontal anisotropic porous channel with Bi-viscous Bingham nanofluid and temperature-dependent Brownian diffusion
Authors: Bisht Ankita , Maheshwari Sanjalee
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this article is to present a mathematical model for the fully developed flow of Bi-viscous Bingham nanofluid through a uniform-width anisotropic porous channel. The model incorporates a generalized Brinkman-Darcy formulation for the porous layers while considering the motion of nanoparticles influenced by both Brownian diffusion and thermophoresis effects.

Design/methodology/approach

The similarity transformations derived through Lie group analysis are used to reduce the system from nonlinear partial differential equations to nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The finite difference method-based numerical routine bvp4c is employed to collect and graphically present the outcomes for velocity, temperature, and nanoparticle concentration profiles. The flow pattern is analyzed through streamlined plots. Furthermore, skin friction, heat, and mass transmission rates are investigated and presented via line plots.

Findings

It is observed that in anisotropic porous media, the temperature profile is stronger than in isotropic porous media. The thermal anisotropic parameter enhances the concentration profile while reducing the temperature.

Practical implications

Anisotropy arises in various industrial and natural systems due to factors such as preferred orientation or asymmetric geometry of fibers or grains. Hence, this study has applications in oil extraction processes, certain fibrous and biological materials, geological formations, and dendritic zones formed during the solidification of binary alloys.

Originality/value

1. The permeability and thermal conductivity are not constant; instead, they have different values in the x and y directions. 2. This study considers the dependency of thermophoresis on nanoparticle volume fraction and Brownian diffusion on the temperature in both the fluid flow equations and boundary conditions. 3. A novel similarity transformation is derived using Lie group analysis instead of using an existing transformation already available in the literature.
Procedural justice, neighborhood opportunities and police legitimacy
Authors: Ward Jeffrey T. , Bennett J.Z. , Olaghere Ajima
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Recent scholarship calls for identifying conditions in which procedurally just treatment translate to increased police legitimacy. The present study draws on community justice and vitality and procedural justice literature to examine whether adolescent and young adults’ perceptions of legitimate work and school opportunities in their neighborhoods moderate the effects of fair treatment by police on perceptions of police legitimacy.

Design/methodology/approach

Longitudinal data from a justice-involved youth sample and a series of generalized linear mixed models are used to test the study’s hypotheses. We model “persons as contexts” and separate within-person and between-person effects.

Findings

Main effects models indicate that procedural justice and neighborhood opportunities both have significant within-individual, between-individual and person-contextual effects on police legitimacy. Results from interaction models indicate strong support for a person-contextual interaction effect. Net of covariates, higher average perceptions of procedurally just treatment leads to greater average police legitimacy, but this effect erodes when individuals perceive weak educational and occupational opportunities in their neighborhoods over time.

Originality/value

Efforts to maximize police legitimacy may be enhanced through greater investment in community opportunity structures. This study highlights the need for public officials and police to support the educational and occupational vitality of communities as a key strategy to promote police legitimacy and optimize core aspects of the procedural justice model.
How to reduce household food waste during and after the COVID‐19 lockdown? Evidence from a structural model
Authors: Zhang Yu , Qi Danyi
Published: June 2024

The COVID‐19 lockdown precipitated a fundamental shift in consumer food‐related behaviours. Owing to adherence to stay‐at‐home directives and concerns over potential exposure to the coronavirus, consumers engaged in less frequent in‐person shopping, opting for larger quantities of food purchased per trip, a trend with the potential to exacerbate food wastage patterns among bulk food purchasers. Nevertheless, recent empirical data obtained from the United Kingdom have revealed a 34% reduction in household food waste during the nationwide lockdown in April 2020. To gain deeper insights into the underlying mechanisms governing household food waste behaviours, we employ an infinite horizon dynamic stochastic model that operates on a daily cycle, focusing specifically on household food inventory management. Our analysis demonstrates that absent any improvements in food management practices, panic‐stricken consumers who stockpiled food at home during the early phase of the pandemic generated significantly higher levels of food waste. Conversely, consumers who embraced effective food management techniques and transitioned to online grocery shopping managed to reduce household food waste by about 50% during the pandemic. Additionally, we conduct simulations to envision potential post‐pandemic scenarios and conclude the study with a set of recommendations aimed at curbing household food waste in the aftermath of the pandemic.
Does auditor style influence non‐GAAP earnings disclosure?
Authors: Heflin Frank , Tan Jacqueline , Ton Karen , Wang Jasmine
Published: June 2024

Regulators and practitioners have concerns that the lack of standardization in non‐GAAP disclosure can make it challenging for users to process non‐GAAP earnings and use it in decision‐making. We examine whether auditor style extends beyond mandatory disclosures to induce similarity in non‐GAAP earnings disclosures. Specifically, we find that clients audited by the same auditor are more likely to disclose non‐GAAP earnings in a similar manner. We assess disclosure similarity using (1) the decision to disclose non‐GAAP earnings, (2) the disclosure prominence of non‐GAAP earnings in the earnings press release, (3) the discussion of non‐GAAP earnings in the management discussion and analysis of the annual report, (4) the choice to exclude recurring items, and (5) the receipt of SEC comment letters related to non‐GAAP earnings. We find that the association between auditor style and non‐GAAP disclosure is determined by Big 4 accounting firms and clients audited by the same audit office. The results are stronger for larger audit offices and smaller clients. We provide evidence that auditors facilitate non‐GAAP disclosure, which can improve compliance with SEC requirements and increase the standardization of non‐GAAP earnings disclosures. Our results are relevant to current policy discussions regarding auditor involvement in unaudited non‐GAAP earnings reporting.
Amiloride versus furosemide for the treatment of edema in patients with nephrotic syndrome: A pilot study (AMILOR)
Authors: Schork Anja , Vogel Elisabeth , Bohnert Bernhard N. , Essigke Daniel , Wörn Matthias , Fischer Imma , Heyne Nils , Birkenfeld Andreas L. , Artunc Ferruh
Published: June 2024

Aim

In rodent models of nephrotic syndrome (NS), edema formation was prevented by blockade of the epithelial sodium channel ENaC with amiloride. However, apart from case reports, there is no evidence favoring ENaC blockade in patients with NS.

Methods

The monocentric randomized controlled AMILOR study investigated the antiedematous effect of amiloride (starting dose 5 mg/day, max. 15 mg/day) in comparison to standard therapy with the loop diuretic furosemide (40 mg/day, max. 120 mg/day) over 16 days. Overhydration (OH) was measured by bioimpedance spectroscopy (BCM, Fresenius). Depending on the OH response, diuretic dose was adjusted on days 2, 5, 8 and 12, and if necessary, hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) was added from d8 (12.5 mg/day, max. 25 mg/day). The primary endpoint was the decrease in OH on d8. The study was terminated prematurely due to insufficient recruitment and a low statistical power due to a low actual effect size.

Results

Median baseline OH was +26.4 (interquartile range 15.5–35.1)% extracellular water (ECW) in the amiloride arm and + 27.9 (24.1–29.4)% ECW in the furosemide arm and decreased by 1.95 (0.80–6.40) and 5.15 (0.90–8.30)% ECW after 8 days, respectively, and by 10.10 (1.30–14.40) and 7.40 (2.80–10.10)% ECW after 16 days, respectively. OH decrease on d8 and d16 was not significantly different between both arms.

Conclusion

The AMILOR study is the first randomized controlled pilot study suggesting a similar antiedematous effect as furosemide. Further studies are required to better define the role of amiloride in NS (EudraCT 2019‐002607‐18).
The NOS1AP gene rs10494366 common genetic variant does not modify the risk of sudden cardiac death in users of digoxin
Authors: Soroush Negin , Aarnoudse Albert‐Jan , Kavousi Maryam , Kors Jan A. , Ikram M. Arfan , Stricker Bruno H. , Ahmadizar Fariba
Published: June 2024

Aims

Common genetic variations in the nitric oxide synthase‐1 adaptor protein (NOS1AP) gene are associated with QT‐interval prolongation. In a previous study, we observed an association between the rs10494366 variant of this gene and an increased QT‐interval shortening in digoxin users. As QT‐interval shortening is a risk factor for sudden cardiac death (SCD), in this study, we investigated whether the association between digoxin use and risk of SCD differs in participants with different NOS1AP rs10494366 genotypes.

Methods

We included 11 377 individuals from the prospective population‐based cohort of the Rotterdam Study. We used Cox proportional hazard regression analysis with digoxin as time‐dependent exposure to estimate the associations between current digoxin use and the risk of SCD among different rs10494366 genotype groups in the adjusted models. We also studied whether such an association was dose‐dependent, comparing high dosage (≥ 0.250 mg), moderate dosage (0.125 mg ≤ dose< 0.250 mg) and low dosage (< 0.125 mg) digoxin users with non‐users.

Results

The median baseline age of the total study population was 62 (interquartile range [IQR] 58–71) years. The cumulative incidence of SCD was 4.1% (469 cases), and among them, 74 (15.7%) individuals were current digoxin users at the time of death, during a median follow‐up of 11.5 (IQR 6.5–17) years. Current digoxin users had an increased risk of SCD (multivariable adjusted model hazard ratio [HR]: 3.07; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.38–3.98), with no significant differences between the three genotype groups. The adjusted HRs were 4.03 [95% CI: 1.98–8.21] in the minor homozygous GG, 3.46 [95% CI: 2.37–5.04] in the heterozygous TG and 2.56 [95%CI: 1.70–3.86] in the homozygous TT genotype groups. Compared to low‐ and moderate‐dose, high‐dose digoxin users with GG genotype had the highest risk of SCD (HR: 5.61 [95% CI: 1.34–23.47]).

Conclusions

Current use of digoxin is associated with a significantly increased risk of SCD. The NOS1AP gene rs10494366 variant did not modify the digoxin‐associated risk of SCD in a population of European ancestry.
Gender‐inclusive language in midwifery and perinatal services: A guide and argument for justice
Authors: Pezaro Sally , Pendleton John , van der Waal Rodante , LaChance Adams Sarah , Santos Mario J. D. S. , Bainbridge Ash , Istha Krishna , Maeder Zan , Gilmore John , Webster Jeannine , Lai‐Boyd Bunty , Brennan Anne Marie , Newnham Elizabeth
Published: June 2024

Effective communication in relation to pregnancy and birth is crucial to quality care. A recent focus in reproductive healthcare on “sexed language” reflects an ideology of unchangeable sex binary and fear of erasure, from both cisgender women and the profession of midwifery. In this paper, we highlight how privileging sexed language causes harm to all who birth—including pregnant trans, gender diverse, and non‐binary people—and is, therefore, unethical and incompatible with the principles of midwifery. We show how this argument, which conflates midwifery with essentialist thinking, is unstable, and perpetuates and misappropriates midwifery's marginalized status. We also explore how sex and gender essentialism can be understood as colonialist, heteropatriarchal, and universalist, and therefore, reinforcing of these harmful principles. Midwifery has both the opportunity and duty to uphold reproductive justice. Midwifery can be a leader in the decolonization of childbirth and in defending the rights of all childbearing people, the majority of whom are cisgender women. As the systemwide use of inclusive language is central to this commitment, we offer guidance in relation to how inclusive language in perinatal and midwifery services may be realized.