bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Soaking Conditions to Enhance Protein and Reduce Phytate Content in Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica)
Authors: Santhosh Aiswarya Velekat , L Malashree , Harinivenugopal  , B Rajunaik , H Manjunatha , B Ramachandra
Published: November 2024

Aims: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of millet-to-water ratio of soaking and time-temperature combination used for soaking on the protein and phytate content of foxtail millet.
Study Design:  This was an experimental, laboratory-based study.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Department of Dairy Microbiology, Dairy Science College, Hebbal, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, between January 2024 and October 2024.
Methodology: Foxtail millet (Setaria italica) was soaked in potable water at varying millet-to-water ratios (1:1, 1:1.5, 1:2) under ambient conditions (27 ± 1°C) for 6 hours and at different time-temperature combinations (20°C, 25°C, 30°C for 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours). The protein content was determined using the micro-Kjeldahl method, while phytate content was estimated via titration with ferric chloride. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA, with a critical difference (CD) at a 5% significance level used to determine significance among treatments.
Results: The 1:2 millet-to-water ratio showed the highest protein content (10.68%) and the lowest phytate content (3.07 mol/kg) after 6 hours of soaking under ambient conditions, with these differences being statistically significant (P =.05). Increasing the soaking temperature and duration further enhanced protein content and reduced phytate levels, with the most pronounced effect observed at 30°C for 24 hours. This condition yielded the highest protein content (10.99%) and the lowest phytate content (1.79 mol/kg), both significantly improved (P =.05) compared to unsoaked millet (10.50% protein, 4.96 mol/kg phytate).
Conclusion: The study concluded that soaking foxtail millet at a 1:2 millet-to-water ratio and at 30°C for 24 hours are effective strategies to enhance its nutritional quality. These findings provide a scientific basis for optimizing soaking conditions to improve the protein content and reduce antinutritional factors in millet.
The Implementation of a Customer Relationship Management System to Improve BPJS Patient Satisfaction at Penjaringan Health Center
Authors: Dewi Raden Roro Adhina Soraya , Suhud Usep , Rizan Mohamad
Published: November 2024

Customer satisfaction plays a crucial role in enhancing the quality of healthcare services, particularly for BPJS patients. This study aims to analyze the impact of a Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system on BPJS patient satisfaction at Penjaringan Health Center. The research focuses on the influence of organizational communication, customer trust, and customer commitment on the CRM system, as well as the CRM system’s effect on patient satisfaction. This quantitative study utilized a sample of 200 BPJS patients who have used CRM features, including online queues and feedback services. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with SPSS and AMOS software. The results indicate that organizational communication has a significant positive impact on the CRM system, enhancing its effectiveness in addressing patient needs. Customer trust and commitment also positively influence the CRM system, with committed patients showing higher engagement levels. Furthermore, both customer trust and commitment directly enhance patient satisfaction, which is further strengthened by effective CRM system implementation. The CRM system itself shows a substantial positive effect on patient satisfaction, demonstrating its role in improving service efficiency, responsiveness, and personalization. In conclusion, the study highlights the importance of CRM systems, supported by effective communication and strong patient trust and commitment, in improving healthcare service satisfaction among BPJS patients. These findings suggest that health centers should prioritize CRM system enhancements and foster robust communication and trust-building strategies to improve patient experiences.
The Performance of Training Executive Agencies in Tanzania: Do Skills and Skill-based Organizational Strategies Matter?
Authors: Kamala Mugisha , Mustafa Ajali
Published: November 2024

The performance of training executive agencies in Tanzania is assessed in this study with a focus on the influence of skills and skill-based organizational strategies. The study was conducted in Tanzania, at the Headquarters of the selected Executive Agencies capitalized on the belief that the headquarters hold great deal of information about issues of central importance to the organization. The study used a partially mixed concurrent dominant status approach by combining both quantitative and qualitative aspects altogether within a single study for comprehensiveness. Given the nature of the study's objectives and scope, 263 academic staff from five selected training executive agencies were sampled to fill in the questionnaires where 238 (i.e. 91%) copies of the questionnaire were filled and returned. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected but more attention was placed to the quantitative facet. The study administered structured questionnaires and interview to examine five training EAs: Tanzania Public Service College (TPSC), Agency for Development of Education Management (ADEM), Tanzania Institute of Accountancy (TIA), Livestock Training Agency (LITA), and Fisheries Education and Training Agency (FETA). Regarding the sampling technique, the study adopted the multi-stage sampling design. In the first step, training EAs were divided into two strata (basing on establishment age). From the old aged stratum, three EAs were selected, and two from the newly aged stratum. In the second step, the academic staff from the training executive agencies was sampled purposefully. The cross-sectional explanatory analytical survey was used to collected data once without tracking data changes. While descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data from the questionnaires, thematic analysis was employed to analyze the qualitative data. Regarding the skills availability among the Tanzania’s training executive agencies, the findings showed that the majority of the employees possessed the necessary professional, project management, inventive, and interpersonal skills. Few employees possessed pedagogical, technological, and multicultural skills. The findings on the degree of performance of Tanzania's training executive agencies revealed unsatisfactory performance, and it was determined that these agencies had not significantly enhanced the delivery of public services. The findings also showed that training EAs underinvested in skill-based organizational strategies. Notably, when individual competence levels rise, executive agencies' performance is likely to increase. Furthermore, the findings showed that human resource strategies and partnerships were the most important factors in improving the Tanzania’s EAs performance.
Comparative Analysis of Analytical Method Validation Requirements Across ICH, USP, ChP and ANVISA: A Review
Authors: Elumalai Selvaraja , Dantinapalli Venkata Lakshamana Sagar , Palanisamy Mylsamy
Published: November 2024

This comprehensive guide provides a detailed comparison of analytical method validation requirements across four major regulatory bodies: the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH), United States Pharmacopeia (USP), Chinese Pharmacopoeia (ChP), and Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA). The study examines key aspects of method validation, including scope, validation parameters, acceptance criteria, and regulatory compliance. These guidelines have been chosen due to major differences between regulations requirements and ICH guidelines, leading to a huge challenge for the Health Authority and the locally established Pharmaceutical Companies to implement these guidelines. Implementing the revised or upcoming ICH guidelines will benefit the industry and health authorities. Recent revisions by the guidelines will help to align with other chosen regulatory authorities to reduce duplicate work and contribute to the global regulatory harmonization, which will bring a great benefit to the regulatory bodies review process, industrialist approval and important medicines approval will be faster available to the patients.
Impact of New Herbicides on Weed Population and Weed Control Efficiency in Scented and Hybrid Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Singh Jaykar , Verma V.K. , Yadav D.D. , Kumar Sanjiv , Siddqui M.Z. , Kumar Sarvesh , Kumar Anil , Dheer Vineet , Singh Krishna Kumar , Suryabhan
Published: November 2024

Field experiments were carried out to study the effect of herbicide and micronutrient spray on different verities of rice (Oryza sativa L.) at Students’ Instructional farm, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur (U.P.), during Kharif season 2022 and 2023. The experiment was laid out in split-split plot design with three replications and 24 treatment combinations comprising of two varieties viz. Arize 6444 Gold (V1) and PB 1509 (V2) were kept in main plots and three herbicidal treatments viz.  Control (W1), Bispyribac-sodium10% SC@ 20 g a.i. ha-1 at 25 DAT (W2), Triafamone 20% + Ethoxysulfuron 10 WG @ 225g ha-1 at 25 DAT (W3)  were kept in Sub  plots and four micronutrients application viz,  Zinc Sulphate 0.5% + Ferrous Sulphate 1% foliar spray at 45 and 60 DAT (M1), Zinc Sulphate 0.5% + Ferrous Sulphate 1% + Manganese Sulphate 0.1% foliar spray at 45 and 60 DAT (M2), Zinc Sulphate 0.5% + Ferrous Sulphate 1% + Manganese Sulphate 0.1% + Borax 0.2% foliar spray at 45 and 60 DAT (M3), Zinc Sulphate 0.5% + Ferrous Sulphate 1% + Manganese Sulphate 0.1% + Borax 0.2% + Silicon 0.1% foliar spray at 45 and 60 DAT (M4) were kept in Sub-sub plots. Result revealed that Arize 6444 Gold variety had better weed suppression compare to PB 1509. On other side, herbicidal application with Triafamone 20% + Ethoxysulfuron 10 WG @ 225g ha-1 spray at 25 DAT, provided the most effective control against weed flora, weed fresh weight, dry weight and weed control efficiency, among all the growth stages. However, foliar spray of Zinc Sulphate 0.5% + Ferrous Sulphate 1% + Manganese Sulphate 0.1% + Borax 0.2% + Silicon 0.1% foliar spray at 45 and 60 DAT had a notable impact on reducing dry weed weight and significant influenced on weed control efficiency.
Agro-morphological Characterization of Maize (Zea mays L.) Landraces from Tribal Regions of Kashmir
Authors: Nasseer Sabina , Rashid Zahida , Majeed Shabina , Rasool Faisal , Rashid Munazah , Gul Adil , Iqbal Shahida , Lone A.A. , Dar Z. A.
Published: November 2024

Twenty one maize landraces were collected from tribal areas of Kupwara, Budgam and Anantnag districts and were evaluated for agro morphological characteristics. A field experiment with 18 maize landraces was conducted at the station during Kharif 2021-2022 and the data was recorded for various quantitative and qualitative characters related to growth and yield performance. Most of the landraces showed distinct variation with regard to different growth parameters. A wide range in the quantitative characters exhibited by the landraces showed the diversity in the germplasm. Analysis of the variance showed that all the characters were highly significant among the landraces.
Factors Determining The Investment Behaviour Of Retail Investors - A Study
Authors: Kumar U.Bhagat , Rao Dr.V.Narasimha
Published: November 2024

Background: Investment scenario reveals the possible merits and demerits of potential investment
opportunities. The field of behavioral finance seeks to explain why and how investors deviate from rationality
due to psychological emotional and cognitive factors. In India, there has been a rise in retail investors since
2020 as a result of financial literacy and digital access of financial markets.
Material and Methods: This research is mainly based on primary data, analyzing the behavioral biases
affecting individual investors in India. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire from a sample
respondents of 500 individual investors belong to urban and rural areas and also across different age groups,
income levels, and educational standards. Secondary data were also used to some extent collected from
Bombay Stock exchange (BSE).
Results: The behavioral bias such as overconfidence, herding loss version and tolerance play a crucial role in
shaping investment decision taking into consideration the demographic variables.
Conclusion: Every investor is required to possess an understanding of how his emotions result in irrational
behavior. In view of emerging markets in India, behavioral finance has been gathered special attention from
scholars’ academics and practitioners alike. This study delves into the factors that determine the investment
decisions of retail investors. The findings are expected to contribute to the broader understanding of investment behavior, leading to the formulation of policies that better protect and guide retail investors.
International Perspectives on Domestic and Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Krahé Barbara
Published: May 2019

Intimate partner violence is a serious threat to women's physical, mental, and sexual health in all parts of the world, with about 30% of women aged 15 years and over likely to experience IPV in their lifetime. The main forms of IPV are physical and sexual assault by an intimate partner. Prevalence rates vary widely between countries and there is some evidence to suggest that they are higher in countries with greater inequality between men and women. More systematic research is needed on the role of cultural context in affecting the prevalence of IPV.
(Re‐)Designing Nature? An Overview and Outlook on the Ethical and Societal Challenges in Synthetic Biology
Authors: Braun Matthias , Fernau Sandra , Dabrock Peter
Published: May 2019

This structured literature analysis aims to map the current, emerging, and predicted future of synthetic biology (SB) by putting the focus on the implied conceptual, societal, and ethical challenges. The central objective of the analysis is to provide an initial systematization of the ethical and socio‐scientific debate on SB by structuring and categorizing widely discussed issues within the debate in recent years. Starting with the quest for possible definitions, issues of biosafety and biosecurity are emphasized. Furthermore, the focus is on the more conceptual challenges of SB, including the relationship between natural and synthetic, or concepts of life and living. From the very beginning, one specific characteristic of SB has been a strong entanglement with different forms of public participation. In some respects SB has already taken a leading position in claiming and orchestrating itself as an integrative and participatory discipline. After addressing SB as an emerging biotechnology at the interface between science and society, a venture is initiated to focus on the possible regulatory and governmental challenges which are entangled in SB.
High‐Resolution 3D NIR‐II Photoacoustic Imaging of Cerebral and Tumor Vasculatures Using Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles as Contrast Agent
Authors: Guo Bing , Chen Jingqin , Chen Ningbo , Middha Eshu , Xu Shidang , Pan Yutong , Wu Min , Li Ke , Liu Chengbo , Liu Bin
Published: May 2019

Exogenous contrast‐agent‐assisted NIR‐II optical‐resolution photoacoustic microscopy imaging (ORPAMI) holds promise to decipher wide‐field 3D biological structures with deep penetration, large signal‐to‐background ratio (SBR), and high maximum imaging depth to depth resolution ratio. Herein, NIR‐II conjugated polymer nanoparticle (CP NP) assisted ORPAMI is reported for pinpointing cerebral and tumor vasculatures. The CP NPs exhibit a large extinction coefficient of 48.1 L g−1 at the absorption maximum of 1161 nm, with an ultrahigh PA sensitivity up to 2 µg mL−1. 3D ORPAMI of wide‐field mice ear allows clear visualization of regular vasculatures with a resolution of 19.2 µm and an SBR of 29.3 dB at the maximal imaging depth of 539 µm. The margin of ear tumor composed of torsional dense vessels among surrounding normal regular vessels can be clearly delineated via 3D angiography. In addition, 3D whole‐cortex cerebral vasculatures with large imaging area (48 mm2), good resolution (25.4 µm), and high SBR (22.3 dB) at a depth up to 1001 µm are clearly resolved through the intact skull. These results are superior to the recently reported 3D NIR‐II fluorescence confocal vascular imaging, which opens up new opportunities for NIR‐II CP‐NP‐assisted ORPAMI in various biomedical applications.
Universal Route to Impart Orthogonality to Polymer Semiconductors for Sub‐Micrometer Tandem Electronics
Authors: Park Han Wool , Choi Keun‐Yeong , Shin Jihye , Kang Boseok , Hwang Haejung , Choi Shinyoung , Song Aeran , Kim Jaehee , Kweon Hyukmin , Kim Seunghan , Chung Kwun‐Bum , Kim BongSoo , Cho Kilwon , Kwon Soon‐Ki , Kim Yun‐Hi , Kang Moon Sung , Lee Hojin , Kim Do Hwan
Published: May 2019

A universal method that enables utilization of conventional photolithography for processing a variety of polymer semiconductors is developed. The method relies on imparting chemical and physical orthogonality to a polymer film via formation of a semi‐interpenetrating diphasic polymer network with a bridged polysilsesquioxane structure, which is termed an orthogonal polymer semiconductor gel. The synthesized gel films remain tolerant to various chemical and physical etching processes involved in photolithography, thereby facilitating fabrication of high‐resolution patterns of polymer semiconductors. This method is utilized for fabricating tandem electronics, including pn‐complementary inverter logic devices and pixelated polymer light‐emitting diodes, which require deposition of multiple polymer semiconductors through solution processes. This novel and universal method is expected to significantly influence the development of advanced polymer electronics requiring sub‐micrometer tandem structures.
Gold‐Catalyzed Dual Annulation of Homopropargyl Alcohols with Nitrones: Synthesis of Tetrahydropyrano[4,3‐b]indole Scaffolds
Authors: Wei Hanlin , Zhou Su , Qiu Lihua , Qian Yu , Hu Wenhao , Xu Xinfang
Published: May 2019

An unprecedented gold‐catalyzed dual annulation of homopropargyl alcohols with nitrones has been developed, which provides an effective access to the 1,3,4,5‐tetrahydropyrano[4,3‐b]indole derivatives in good to high yields. Mechanistically, this one‐pot three‐step cascade reaction is initiated by a gold‐catalyzed alkyne oxoarylation, followed by an intramolecular cyclodehydration and terminated with an intermolecular cyclization with aldehyde which is a leaving species in the early stage of this cascade process.

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Iron and Nitrogen Co‐Doped Mesoporous Carbon‐Based Heterogeneous Catalysts for Selective Reduction of Nitroarenes
Authors: Wang Jitao , Yu Xiaochun , Shi Chongyang , Lin Dajie , Li Jun , Jin Huile , Chen Xian , Wang Shun
Published: May 2019

A facile fabrication of Fe and N co‐doped mesoporous carbon (MC), as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the highly selective reduction of nitroarenes, is described. The Fe and N co‐doped MC nanosheets are easily synthesized via a hydrothermal reaction between citrate acid and magnesium citrate, followed by calcination in the presence of melamine and potassium ferrocyanide. The Fe−N complex provides a unique active site for the selective reduction of 1‐chloro‐4‐nitrobenzene, leading to the production of (E)‐1,2‐bis(4‐chlorophenyl)diazene with a selectivity of >96%, in <40 mins. Control experiments based on non‐doped, N‐doped, and Fe‐doped MC nanosheets demonstrate that selectivity greatly depends on the catalyst active component type, and that non‐doped MC significantly contributes to the high efficiencies observed in the selective synthesis of azoxy compound intermediates. A broad range of substrates, including extra‐functional groups on the nitroarenes rings, were successfully converted to the corresponding azo compounds at mild conditions with high selectivity.

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General Methodology to Identify the Minimum Alphabet Size for Heteropolymer Design
Authors: Cardelli Chiara , Nerattini Francesca , Tubiana Luca , Bianco Valentino , Dellago Christoph , Sciortino Francesco , Coluzza Ivan
Published: May 2019

Understanding how to design the structure of heteropolymers through their monomer sequence will have a significant impact on the creation of novel artificial materials. According to mean‐field theories, the minimum number—or alphabet—of distinct monomers necessary to achieve such designability is directly related to the conformational entropy ω of compact polymer structures. Here, a computational strategy to calculate this conformational entropy is introduced and thus predict the minimum alphabet to achieve designability, for a generalized heteropolymer model. The comparison of the predictions with previous results proves the robustness of the approach. It is quantified for the first time how the number of directional interactions is critical for achieving the designability. The methodology that is introduced can be easily generalized to models representing specific polymers. A comparison between conventional polymers monomers are provided, and it is predicted that polyurea, polyamide, and polyurethane residues are optimal candidates to be functionalized for the experimental synthesis of designable heteropolymers. As such, our method can guide the engineering of new types of self‐assembling modular polymers, that will open new possibilities for polymer‐based materials with unmatched versatility and control.
A Compromise Reveals Buckling Resistance Strategy of a Naturally Slender Tibia
Authors: Xing Yun , Yang Jialing
Published: May 2019

In nature, slender tibiae of stick insects have an excellent performance in resisting buckling, which raises the questions why the natural evolution chooses the pentagonal shape as the tibiae's cross section to resist buckling? Why is the proximal base round but the distal end pentagonal in adult tibiae? In this study, 3D geometrical models of the tibiae in stick insects are reconstructed aimed at investigating the buckling resistance strategy of the biological composite with different polygonal cross sections. The numerical result is consistent with the experimental observation. Based on large deflection theory, corresponding mechanical models proposed herein can accurately predict the structural response and mechanical behavior at buckling (including both Euler buckling and local buckling). Eventually, with the help of numerical and theoretical analysis, this article might have found the reason for the tibiae of stick insects naturally evolving to form the cross section with a pentagonal shape. In conclusion, the nature's choice of pentagon (S5) cross section could be a best compromise strategy to balance both Euler buckling and local buckling resistance capability. The knowledge gained from this work will inspire the designs of new advanced materials and structures.
Are there gross motor coordination spurts during mid‐childhood?
Authors: dos Santos Marcos A. M. , Baxter‐Jones Adam , Reyes Ana C. , Freitas Duarte , Henrique Rafael S. , Chaves Raquel N. , Bustamante Alcibíades , Tani Go , Katzmarzyk Peter T. , Maia José
Published: May 2019

Objectives

The aims of this study were (1) to identify the timing of the mid‐growth spurt (MGS) in stature in children and (2) to identify gross motor coordination (GMC) spurts when aligned by the age of attainment of the MGS (aMGS).

Methods

Stature, weight, and GMC were measured in 245 Portuguese children followed annually from 6 to 10 years. GMC was assessed and to estimate children's MGS in stature as well as GMC spurts in each of the four tests aligned by aMGS, we used a nonsmoothed polynomial methodology.

Results

In boys, the aMGS was attained at 7.8 years, whereas in girls it was 8.0 years. In boys, the peak MGS was 6.2 cm∙yr−1 and in girls it was 6.4 cm∙yr−1. In boys, the peak for walking backwards (WB) occurred 18 months before aMGS (14.9‐points∙yr−1), jumping sideways (JS) was 12 months after aMGS (13.5‐points∙yr−1), hopping on one leg (HO) was 18 months before aMGS (11.7‐points∙yr−1), and shifting platform (SP) was 12 months before aMGS (6.8‐points∙yr−1). In girls, WB spurts occurred 12 months after aMGS (13.3‐points∙yr−1), JS was 12 months before aMGS (10.5‐points∙yr−1), HO was coincident with aMGS (10.4‐points∙yr−1), and SP was 18 as well as 12 months before aMGS (7.2‐points∙yr−1). No differences were observed in the mean peak spurts between sexes in the GMC tests.

Conclusions

Boys and girls reached their MGS in stature at about the same chronological age. Spurts in GMC did not express themselves in the same biological timing relative to aMGS in stature, and there are sex differences.
Influence of Base on a Surfactant‐Assisted Heterogeneous Sonogashira Reaction
Authors: Ortega Kenneth J. , Hostier Thomas , Hayman Alan R.
Published: May 2019

We herein report a simple method for the interrogation of the influence of the bases (sodium hydroxide and various tertiary amines) on the surfactant‐assisted Sonogashira reaction utilizing a palladium on carbon catalyst. Of the bases evaluated, triethylamine (TEA) gave the best yields. The efficiency of the reaction was found to be highly dependent on surfactant concentration when using sodium hydroxide. In contrast, the reaction efficiency was found to be independent of surfactant concentration when using TEA. It was also determined that the surfactant not only facilitates the bulk transport of reactants and products within the medium, but also influences the transport and accessibility of the base to the palladium bound alkyne. The role of tertiary amines as auxiliary additives was explored in the reaction systems using NaOH as the principle base. The maximal efficiency in this case was achieved with a long‐chain tertiary amine auxiliary, N,N‐dimethylhexadecylamine (C16NMe2).
Wide range humidity sensors printed on biocomposite films of cellulose nanofibril and poly(ethylene glycol)
Authors: Syrový Tomáš , Maronová Stanislava , Kuberský Petr , Ehman Nanci V. , Vallejos María E. , Pretl Silvan , Felissia Fernando E. , Area María C. , Chinga‐Carrasco Gary
Published: May 2019

Cellulose nanofibril (CNF) films were prepared from side streams generated by the sugarcane industry, that is, bagasse. Two fractionation processes were utilized for comparison purposes: (1) soda and (2) hot water and soda pretreatments. 2,2,6,6‐Tetramethylpiperidinyl‐1‐oxyl‐mediated oxidation was applied to facilitate the nanofibrillation of the bagasse fibers. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) was chosen as plasticizer to improve the ductility of CNF films. The neat CNF and biocomposite films (CNF and 40% PEG) were used for fabrication of self‐standing humidity sensors. CNF‐based humidity sensors exhibited high change of impedance, within four orders of magnitude, in response to relative humidity (RH) from 20 to 90%. The use of plasticizer had an impact on sensor kinetics. While the biocomposite film sensors showed slightly longer response time, the recovery time of these plasticized sensors was two times shorter in comparison to sensors without PEG. This study demonstrated that agroindustrial side streams can form the basis for high‐end applications such as humidity sensors, with potential for, for example, packaging and wound dressing applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47920.
Wet‐spinning and carbonization of graphene/PAN‐based fibers: Toward improving the properties of carbon fibers
Authors: Sayyar Sepidar , Moskowitz Jeremy , Fox Bronwyn , Wiggins Jeffrey , Wallace Gordon
Published: May 2019

Graphene/polyacrylonitrile (PAN)‐based composite fibers, as monofilaments, multifilaments, and yarns, were prepared through a facile solution mixing and wet‐spinning method. The PAN‐based (PANb) precursor was synthesized via reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization with N‐isopropylacrylamide as a comonomer. Following wet‐spinning, the PANb yarns were carbonized at 900 °C. Scanning electron microscopy images confirmed the presence of a homogenous dispersion of graphene nanosheets inside the polymer matrix. It has been shown that the addition of graphene not only enhanced the thermal and mechanical properties of the PANb fibers, but also improved their graphitic structure after heat treatment. Tensile strength and Young's modulus of the PANb yarns were increased by 28 and 20%, respectively, on addition of 0.5 wt % graphene. Raman spectra demonstrated improvement in the graphitic structure of the carbonized yarns even at low graphene content. These graphene/ PANb fibers show potential as a suitable precursor for the development of next generation carbon fibers. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47932.
Estimation of energy dissipation caused by odd order difference schemes for an unstable planetary boundary layer
Authors: Kitamura Yuji , Nishizawa Seiya
Published: May 2019

Numerical error by an odd order difference approximation in the advection term dissipates energy in the resolved motion. We propose a method to estimate the energy dissipation rate derived from the numerical error to clarify its effect on the energy budget. The energy dissipation rate in Large‐Eddy Simulations for an ideal unstable boundary layer is analysed. The proposed method reveals that the imbalance of the energy budget can be ascribed to the non‐conservative property with respect to kinetic energy of the discretised advection terms, while the net energy dissipation in the resolved field is almost insensitive to the origins of the energy dissipation. However, the magnitude of the momentum and temperature fluxes is sensitive to the difference scheme; the numerical error in the advection term reduces these fluxes in the resolved part. A subgrid scheme should be designed so as to compensate decrease of the resolved flux when an odd order difference is applied to the advection term.
Development of air‐assisted dispersive micro‐solid‐phase extraction‐based supramolecular solvent‐mediated Fe3O4@Cu–Fe–LDH for the determination of tramadol in biological samples
Authors: Ezoddin Maryam , Adlnasab Laleh , Afshari Kaveh Akram , Karimi Mohammad Ali , Mahjoob Behnaz
Published: May 2019

A simple method, air‐assisted dispersive micro‐solid‐phase extraction‐based supramolecular solvent was developed for the preconcentration of tramadol in biological samples prior to gas chromatography–flame ionization detection. A new type of carrier liquid, supramolecular solvent based on a mixture of 1‐dodecanol and tetrahydrofuran was combined with layered double hydroxide coated on a magnetic nanoparticle (Fe3O4@SiO2@Cu–Fe–LDH). The supramolecular solvent was injected into the solution containing Fe3O4@SiO2@Cu–Fe–LDH in order to provide high stability and dispersion of the sorbent without any stabilizer agent. Air assisted was applied to enhance the dispersion of the sorbent and solvent. A number of analytical techniques such as Fourier transform‐infrared spectrometry, field emission scanning electron microscope, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction measurements were applied to assess the surface chemical characteristics of Fe3O4@SiO2@Cu–Fe–LDH nanoparticles. The effects of important parameters on the extraction recovery were also investigated. Under optimized conditions, the limits of detection and quantification were obtained in the range of 0.9–2.4 and 2.7–7.5 μg L−1 with preconcentration factors in the range of 450–472 in biological samples. This method was used for the determination of tramadol in biological samples (plasma, urine and saliva samples) with good recoveries.
Risk factors for chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy in patients receiving taxane‐ and platinum‐based chemotherapy
Authors: Molassiotis Alex , Cheng Hui Lin , Leung Kwun To , Li Yu Chung , Wong Kam Hung , Au Joseph Siu Kie , Sundar Raghav , Chan Alexandre , Ng Terrence Rong De , Suen Lorna K. P. , Chan Choi Wan , Yorke Janelle , Lopez Violeta
Published: May 2019

Background

Chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a significant and difficult to manage side effect of neurotoxic chemotherapies. Several risk factors for CIPN have been identified to date, but inconsistencies and methodological limitations exist in past research. Also, a limited number of potential risk factors has been investigated in the past.

Aim

The objective of this study was to assess the relative contribution of a wider range of risk factors in the development of CIPN.

Methods

This analysis used the 6‐month data after starting chemotherapy from a larger prospective observational study on CIPN risk, prevalence, and quality of life. Patients were assessed at recruitment for possible CIPN risk factors, including prior history of neuropathies, current/past infectious diseases; neurotoxic medication history; personal and treatment characteristics; smoking history, alcohol use, and vegetable/fruit intake. Neuropathy was assessed at 6‐months after starting chemotherapy with the neuropathy (motor/sensory) items of the NCI‐CTCAE scale and the WHO criterion for neuropathy. Data on symptom burden were also collected.

Results

Data were available from 255 patients from three cancer centers in Hong Kong, Singapore, and UK. The use of different scales did not always identify the same predictor variables. Key risk factors in multivariate regression models included older age (highest OR = 1.08, p < 0.01 with the WHO scale), chemotherapy (platinum‐based chemotherapy had OR = 0.20–0.27 in developing CIPN compared to taxane‐based chemotherapy), history of neuropathy (for motor CIPN only, OR = 8.36, p < 0.01), symptom burden (OR = 1.06, p < 0.05), number of chemotherapy cycles received (OR = 1.19–1.24, p < 0.01), and alcohol intake (OR = 0.32, p < 0.05). In univariate analysis, the use of statins was implicated with CIPN (p = 0.03–0.04 with different assessments) and diabetes showed a trend (p = 0.09) in the development of CIPN.

Conclusion

This study confirmed the CIPN risk related to certain variables and identified new ones. This knowledge can assist with treatment decisions and patient education.
Cyanobacteria as an eco‐friendly resource for biofuel production: A critical review
Authors: Farrokh Parisa , Sheikhpour Mojgan , Kasaeian Alibakhsh , Asadi Hassan , Bavandi Roya
Published: May 2019

Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic microorganisms which can be found in various environmental habitats. These photosynthetic bacteria are considered as promising feedstock for the production of the third‐ and the fourth‐generation biofuels. The main subject of this review is highlighting the significant aspects of the biofuel production from cyanobacteria. The most recent investigations about the extraction or separation of the bio‐oil from cyanobacteria are also adduced in the present review. Moreover, the genetic engineering of cyanobacteria for improving biofuel production and the impact of bioinformatics studies on the designing better‐engineered strains are mentioned. The large‐scale biofuel production is challenging, so the economic considerations to provide inexpensive biofuels are also cited. It seems that the future of biofuels is strongly dependent to the following items; understanding the metabolic pathways of the cyanobacterial species, progression in the construction of the engineered cyanobacteria, and inexpensive large‐scale cultivation of them.
Polygon method: A systematic margin assessment for breast conservation
Authors: Ichihara Shu , Moritani Suzuko , Nishimura Rieko , Oiwa Mikinao , Morita Takako , Hayashi Takako , Kato Aya , Endo Tokiko , Kada Akiko , Ito Noriko , Kuroishi Tetsuo , Sato Yasuyuki
Published: May 2019

Background

Radiation therapy (RT) for women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) undergoing breast‐conserving surgery (BCS) may be overtreatment for some, especially for those in which DCIS is eradicated, and ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) risk approaches the contralateral breast cancer (CBC) level. The aim of this study was to clarify whether the polygon method, a new systematic method of en face (tangential, shaved) margin assessment, can identify a subset of DCIS that can be safely treated by BCS alone.

Methods

A key tool of the polygon method is an adjustable mold that prevents the “pancake phenomenon” (flattening) of breast tissue after surgical removal so that the specimen is fixed in the shape of a polygonal prism. This preanalytical procedure enables us to command a panoramic view of entire en face margins 3‐5‐mm deep from the real peripheral cut surfaces. Competing risk analysis was used to quantify rates of IBTR and CBC and to evaluate risk factors.

Results

From 2000 to 2013, we identified 146 DCIS patients undergoing BCS with a contralateral breast at risk. In 100 DCIS patients whose margin was negative by the polygon method, 5 IBTR (3 DCIS and 2 invasive ductal carcinoma [IDC]) and 10 CBC (6 DCIS and 4 IDC) cases were identified during a median follow‐up of 7.6 years (range, 0.9‐17.4). Five‐ and 10‐year cumulative incidence rates were 3.0% and 5.3% for IBTR, and 7.1% and 13.3% for CBC, respectively. Thus, patients with a negative margin consistently showed at least twofold lower IBTR than CBC despite omission of RT.

Conclusions

Japanese women classified with a negative margin by the polygon method show a very low risk of IBTR and account for approximately half of CBC cases. In this subset of DCIS patients, additional RT is not beneficial.
Tobacco hookah smoking‐induced carbon monoxide poisoning: A case report of non‐ambient exposure
Authors: Maalem Reem , Alali Abdulaziz , Alqahtani Saeed
Published: May 2019

Carbon monoxide (CO) toxicity should be considered in patients presenting to the emergency department with any acute vague manifestations after hookah smoking; furthermore, smoking in an open space does not eliminate the risk of CO toxicity. High‐flow supplemental oxygen should be provided immediately while further investigations and management options are considered.
Variant form of hairy cell leukemia
Authors: Wiber Margaux , Maitre Elsa , Cornet Edouard , Salaün Véronique , Naguib Dina , Troussard Xavier
Published: May 2019

Mature lymphoid B‐cell proliferations with hairy cells represent heterogeneous entities where specific diagnosis is difficult but important since it impacts therapeutic management. The clinical cases of variant hairy cell leukemia reported herein illustrate the persistence of a clear interest in the use of splenectomy as a therapeutic alternative. Furthermore, ibrutinib appears to be a promising treatment in patients with relapsed/refractory disease.
Optimization of the Impeller Design for Mesenchymal Stem Cell Culture on Microcarriers in Bioreactors
Authors: Loubière Céline , Delafosse Angélique , Guedon Emmanuel , Toye Dominique , Chevalot Isabelle , Olmos Eric
Published: May 2019

When agitating mesenchymal stem cells adhered on microcarriers in bioreactors, a compromise has to be found between sufficient particle suspension and limitation of hydromechanical stresses. The present study proposes a strategy to improve the design of an ‘elephant ear' impeller at the just‐suspended state by varying its relative size, blade slope angle, and position in the reactor. To do that, computational fluid dynamics simulations were coupled with multi‐objective optimization to minimize the hydromechanical stress encountered by the microcarriers. Two minimization criteria were considered: (P/V)@p and the energy dissipation function EDC. On the basis of 31 conditions, an optimal impeller geometry is proposed.
Modeling Oxygen Gas Diffusion Electrodes for Various Technical Applications
Authors: Kubannek Fabian , Turek Thomas , Krewer Ulrike
Published: May 2019

In gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs), electrocatalysts are in contact with gas and electrolyte ensuring a large active three‐phase boundary. GDEs are used for important technical applications in energy transformation and chemical synthesis. This review gives an introduction into the vast range of existing models for GDEs and their specific purpose, with an emphasis on oxygen reduction electrodes. After introducing the processes occurring in GDEs, modeling approaches are described according to their dimensionality (from 0D to 3D to multiscale) and perspectives for future research are discussed.
Dynamic Modeling of Reversible Solid Oxide Cells
Authors: Wehrle Lukas , Wang Yuqing , Banerjee Aayan , Brandon Nigel , Deutschmann Olaf
Published: May 2019

Reversible solid oxide cells (rSOCs) are highly efficient devices, which allow either the generation of electric power or the storage of energy via fuel production. In this paper, the characteristics of the mode switch are investigated by applying a dynamic 3D stack model. The responses of temperature, current density, and species mole fractions regarding a switch from storage (SOEC) to generation mode (SOFC) are examined in detail. Additionally, the impact of using excess air and continuous voltage variations to limit temperature gradients and fluctuations during the mode switch are analyzed.
Utilizing Formate as an Energy Carrier by Coupling CO2 Electrolysis with Fuel Cell Devices
Authors: Bienen Fabian , Kopljar Dennis , Löwe Armin , Aßmann Pia , Stoll Marvin , Rößner Paul , Wagner Norbert , Friedrich Andreas , Klemm Elias
Published: May 2019

Electrochemical reduction of CO2 to useful chemicals can change the role of CO2 from harmful waste to a valuable feedstock. Despite a lot of progress in the alkaline electrochemical conversion of CO2 to formate, there is still a lack of potential applications for the generated aqueous formate solution. Here, the general ability of formate to be used as an energy or hydrogen carrier is discussed and compared to well‐known energy storage chemicals. Concepts to employ formate solution as an energy carrier by combining CO2 electrolysis with the reconversion of formate into electricity via a direct formate fuel cell or catalytic decomposition to H2 combined with a proton exchange membrane fuel cell are demonstrated.
A comparison of two quasi‐static computational models for assessment of intra‐myocardial injection as a therapeutic strategy for heart failure
Authors: Fan Yiling , Ronan William , Teh Irvin , Schneider Jurgen E. , Varela Claudia E. , Whyte William , McHugh Peter , Leen Sean , Roche Ellen
Published: May 2019

Myocardial infarction, or heart attack, is the leading cause of mortality globally. Although the treatment of myocardial infarct has improved significantly, scar tissue that persists can often lead to increased stress and adverse remodeling of surrounding tissue and ultimately to heart failure. Intra‐myocardial injection of biomaterials represents a potential treatment to attenuate remodeling, mitigate degeneration, and reverse the disease process in the tissue. In vivo experiments on animal models have shown functional benefits of this therapeutic strategy. However, a poor understanding of the optimal injection pattern, volume, and material properties has acted as a barrier to its widespread clinical adoption. In this study, we developed two quasistatic finite element simulations of the left ventricle to investigate the mechanical effect of intra‐myocardial injection. The first model employed an idealized left ventricular geometry with rule‐based cardiomyocyte orientation. The second model employed a subject‐specific left ventricular geometry with cardiomyocyte orientation from diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging. Both models predicted cardiac parameters including ejection fraction, systolic wall thickening, and ventricular twist that matched experimentally reported values. All injection simulations showed cardiomyocyte stress attenuation, offering an explanation for the mechanical reinforcement benefit associated with injection. The study also enabled a comparison of injection location and the corresponding effect on cardiac performance at different stages of the cardiac cycle. While the idealized model has lower fidelity, it predicts cardiac function and differentiates the effects of injection location. Both models represent versatile in silico tools to guide optimal strategy in terms of injection number, volume, site, and material properties.
Employees' corporate social responsibility perceptions and organizational citizenship behaviors for the environment: The mediating roles of organizational identification and environmental orientation fit
Authors: Cheema Sadia , Afsar Bilal , Javed Farheen
Published: May 2019

The importance of organizational citizenship behaviors for the environment (OCBEs) has been clearly established in the environmental literature. The purpose of this study is to examine the mediation of organizational identification and environmental orientation fit on the relationship between employees' corporate social responsibility (CSR) perceptions and their engagement in organizational citizenship behaviors for the environment. On the basis of 374 survey responses from employees, our structural equation modeling results indicated that CSR perceptions had a positive effect on employees' OCBEs. Moreover, both organizational identification and environmental orientation fit mediated the effect of CSR perceptions on employees' OCBEs. This study contributed to three literature streams (i.e., CSR, pro‐environmental behaviors and environmental management, and person–environment fit). Managerial implications and recommendations for future research are given at the end.
Development and evolution of the metazoan heart
Authors: Poelmann Robert E. , Gittenberger‐de Groot Adriana C.
Published: May 2019

The mechanisms of the evolution and development of the heart in metazoans are highlighted, starting with the evolutionary origin of the contractile cell, supposedly the precursor of cardiomyocytes. The last eukaryotic common ancestor is likely a combination of several cellular organisms containing their specific metabolic pathways and genetic signaling networks. During evolution, these tool kits diversified. Shared parts of these conserved tool kits act in the development and functioning of pumping hearts and open or closed circulations in such diverse species as arthropods, mollusks, and chordates. The genetic tool kits became more complex by gene duplications, addition of epigenetic modifications, influence of environmental factors, incorporation of viral genomes, cardiac changes necessitated by air‐breathing, and many others. We evaluate mechanisms involved in mollusks in the formation of three separate hearts and in arthropods in the formation of a tubular heart. A tubular heart is also present in embryonic stages of chordates, providing the septated four‐chambered heart, in birds and mammals passing through stages with first and second heart fields. The four‐chambered heart permits the formation of high‐pressure systemic and low‐pressure pulmonary circulation in birds and mammals, allowing for high metabolic rates and maintenance of body temperature. Crocodiles also have a (nearly) separated circulation, but their resting temperature conforms with the environment. We argue that endothermic ancestors lost the capacity to elevate their body temperature during evolution, resulting in ectothermic modern crocodilians. Finally, a clinically relevant paragraph reviews the occurrence of congenital cardiac malformations in humans as derailments of signaling pathways during embryonic development.
Vibration control for pneumatic isolation table with feedforward control input
Authors: Koike Masakazu , Nakata Takumi , Zhang Feifei , Tahara Junichiro
Published: May 2019

In this paper, we consider a vibration suppression problem for a pneumatic isolation table with on–off valves using the feedforward control input profile. In this system, it is possible to enhance the vibration suppression performance by adjusting the flow rate of air into and from air springs. However, there is a significant problem that a steady‐state deviation, namely an offset, for displacement of the table occurs. Therefore, we propose an efficient search method of the optimal feedforward control input profile, which provides high vibration suppression performance without a steady‐state deviation. A key idea is to update the control input profile to belong to a space where velocity of the table does not change.