bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of bioconvection and activation energy on MHD flow of Maxwell’s nanofluid with gyrotactic microorganisms in porous media: The Cattaneo–Christov model
Authors: Ramachandru Mattipelli , Hymavathi D. , Chenna Krishna Reddy M. , Fareeduddin Mohammed , Kishan N. , Umeshaiah Mahadevaiah , Gill Harjot Singh
Published: July 2023

This study examines and analyzes the impact of MHD and bioconvection on Maxwell’s nanofluid flow in a porous medium that contains gyrotactic microorganisms. In addition, more study on chemically reactive activation energy and Cattaneo–Christov heat flux is conducted, and the conclusions from this research are presented. The bioconvection flow of Maxwell nanofluids over a stretched sheet is presented by highly nonlinear partial differential equations, which are reduced to ordinary differential equations using suitable similarity transformations. A shooting method based on the Runge–Kutta technique is used to overcome the issue. The outcomes are graphically represented and explored numerically in detail for the relevant parameters’ impact on the velocity, temperature, concentration, and motile microorganisms profiles. Results reveal that the velocity profile is decreased by increasing the magnetic parameter, while those enhanced by the mixed convection parameters. The thermal boundary thickness and temperature profile negatively correlate with the thermal relaxation time and Prandtl number and are proportional to the magnetic parameter. Boosting the Brownian motion parameter, Deborah number, and thermophoresis parameter improves heat transport. The activation energy and Prandtl parameters show an upward trend in concentration profiles. The density of the motile microorganisms is a decreasing function of Lewis and Peclet numbers.
New study of (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation with main part mKdV equation and novel solitary wave solutions
Authors: Benoudina Nardjess , Zhang Wenyun , Zhang Yi , Wazwaz Abdul-Majid
Published: July 2023

Abundant hybrid solitary wave solutions have been investigated for the [Formula: see text]-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation with main part mKdV equation (NLEE-mKdV) in its first study via the Lie symmetry method. The latter has been harnessed to attain 10-dimensional vector fields of symmetries from the converted NLEE-mKdV to a simpler equation under special transformation. From the derived symmetries, the corresponding one-dimensional optimal system has been constructed. Furthermore, the converted NLEE-mKdV is reduced via five subalgebras of symmetries to obtain nine novel solutions, which are shifted by the considered transformation to reach NLEE-mKdV’ solutions that possess different dynamics depending on a special ansatz in adjusting the arbitrary functions and parameters. Therefore, many significant solitary wave patterns are achieved. For example, dark, bright, periodic, dipole, damped periodic, breather, kink, and their interactions are well depicted in 3D and contour plots. Most importantly, a fascinating solitary wave solution is first explored; the intrinsic insight appears on the periodically-parabolic-periodic background, which is collided with a bright soliton solution to induce a parabolic-humps breather on its top.
Role of particle shape considering three-dimensional flow of water-based ternary hybrid nanofluids for the interaction of magnetic field
Authors: Ratha P. K. , Tripathy R. S. , Mishra S. R.
Published: July 2023

In developing current flow phenomena, the proposed study is carried out by the consideration of ternary hybrid nanofluid flow past a stretching surface. The flow became electrically conducting due to the inclusion of transverse magnetic field along the normal direction of the flow. Further, the energy profile is enhanced for the interaction of the radiative heat using Rosseland approximation. The innovation behind this approach is due to the assumption of the various shapes of the particles, i.e. spherical, cylindrical along with platelet-shaped nanoparticles and the corresponding physical properties are demonstrated. In view of physical phenomena, carbon nanotube, graphene, and aluminum oxide nanoparticles with water as a base liquid are used to prepare the hybrid nanofluid. Because of the complexity of the formulated model, the governing non-dimensional set of equations is handled by using traditional numerical technique following shooting-based “Runge–Kutta fourth-order” technique. Further, the significant role of the pertinent factors involved in the flow phenomena is the case of ternary nanofluid overshoots the fluid velocity in comparison to the case of nanofluid and hybrid nanofluid and the shear rate enhances for the increasing magnetization whereas the heat transfer rate attenuates significantly.
Implementation of Efficient Vedic Multiplier and Its Performance Evaluation
Authors: Mugatkar Ashutosh , Gajre Suhas S.
Published: July 2023

The ancient Vedic mathematics is well known for quicker handy multiplications but its recognition as an integrated circuit core against existing hardware multipliers is not established. As optimized hardware implementation of binary multiplier is one of the prominent unsolved problems in computer architecture, this paper proposes efficient Urdhava Tiryakbhyam Vedic multiplier architecture and compares it with the set of hierarchical multiplication algorithms which generate multiplication result in a single clock cycle. Two innovative algorithms are proposed here, one with a compact structure and another for faster execution. Also, its optimized transistor level layout is designed and implemented. To maintain homogeneity for comparison, all the algorithms are programmed on a common HDL language platform and analyzed with the same tool and technology. Final results indicate that the proposed architecture delivers 15.5% less power delay product (PDP) compared to closest competitor algorithm.
Properties of strange quark matter and strange star in a new mass scaling
Authors: Wang J. T. , Peng G. X.
Published: July 2023

Previous research studies observed that quark mass scalings typically neglect the inclusion of asymptotic freedom. However, we have introduced a Woods–Saxon-like factor to incorporate the effects of asymptotic freedom into our new mass scaling. Our findings indicate that the equation of state and sound velocity for strange quark matter exhibit different behaviors at zero temperature when using this new mass scaling. This suggests the presence of novel properties in the phase transition and structure of strange stars. Additionally, through numerical calculations, we have successfully obtained a strange star with a mass two times that of the Sun, aligning with astronomical observations. In a parameter group considering first-order perturbation effects, characterized by large C and small D, we have made an interesting discovery: the surface density of the strange star can be lower than that of normal nuclear matter. This observation serves as a possible signal of a phase transition from quark matter to nuclear matter.
NANOMATERIALS AND QUANTUM DOTS FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSING OF NITRO-AROMATICS-BASED EXPLOSIVES: A SHORT REVIEW
Authors: CHOUDHURY SANDIP PAUL
Published: July 2023

Explosives can be divided into low and high, the efficient detection of which is of utmost importance for security reasons. A major component of high explosives is the nitroaromatic compounds. These explosives, when sealed, have difficulty detecting. In this review work, the major techniques for explosive detection i.e. animal olfaction, calorimetric sensors, immunosensors, ion mobility spectrometry, and Raman spectroscopy are discussed. The materials or compounds comprising nitroaromatic sensors have been a topic of major research for the last three decades. Nanomaterials do provide an acceptable solution for portable, affordable, and efficient detection of analytes of explosive nature due to their redox properties. 3D nanomaterials like TiO2, Au, SiO2, Ag and CdSe-ZnS, 0D materials like CdSe, CdTe, ZnS and MoS2 can detect nitroaromatic compounds efficiently. In the upcoming technology, the incorporation of quantum dots is also considered for explosive detection. As an option for prospective research in the field, development in the use of boron nitride for detecting explosives is also a good option. A comprehensive review of such materials is discussed in this review paper.
Photophysical properties of several multi-branched oligomers: An ultrafast excited state dynamics and quantum chemical calculation study
Authors: Zhang Ding , Liu Weikang , Yin Shuhui , Wang Guiqiu , Liu Dajun , Fang Qiang , Wang Yaochuan
Published: July 2023

Multi-branched oligomers F1, F2 and F3 were investigated by spectroscopic experiments as well as quantum chemical calculations to elucidate the structure–property relationships and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) characteristics of typical nonlinear optical materials. A better ICT property of F2 is obtained by replacing terminal electron donors with stronger electron-donating ability. The degree of ICT is effectively increased, which can be clearly seen from the frontier molecular orbitals contribution of central anthracene between HOMO and LUMO. The central group plays a major role in the direction as well as effective path of ICT process. In the X-shaped oligomers with anthracene as central group, ICT process takes place from terminal groups of 1,8 position branches, to the central anthracene group. However, the electron distribution as well as the ICT of tri-branched oligomer F3 with triazine as central group is not symmetric. ICT process of F3 takes place from terminal triphenylamine groups to the central triazine and two fluorene groups at 4,6 position branches. Y-shaped oligomer F3 has a longer lifetime of ICT state as well as a higher fluorescence quantum yield, which is consistent with the results of time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Z-scan results show that the TPA cross-section value of F3 is 10.6 and 2.9 times higher than that of X-shaped F1 and F2. The dynamics curves of transient absorption spectroscopy also indicate that oligomer F3 structure has relatively stronger ICT properties. To verify the substituent effect, two linear molecules F4 and F5 were also calculated. The quantum chemical calculations result shows that the branches at positions 4 and 11 of the central anthracene group have little effect on the electron cloud distribution, and there are indeed significant differences in the contributions of branches at different positions. Our results may provide some reference for molecular design.
Backward stochastic evolution inclusions in UMD Banach spaces
Authors: Essaky E. H. , Hassani M. , Rhazlane C. E.
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we prove the existence of a mild [Formula: see text]-solution for the backward stochastic evolution inclusion (BSEI for short) of the form [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is a standard Brownian motion, [Formula: see text] is the generator of a [Formula: see text]-semigroup on a UMD Banach space [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] is a terminal condition from [Formula: see text], with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is a set-valued function satisfying some suitable conditions.

The case when the processes with values in spaces that have martingale type [Formula: see text] has been also studied.
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF BIOMOLECULAR INTERACTION OF ENZYME–SUBSTRATE–INHIBITOR SYSTEM
Authors: BHAT ROOHI , Khanday M. A. , ZARGAR F. A.
Published: July 2023

In applicative biosensor technology, mathematical modeling plays an indispensable role in explaining the transport of electrical signals by analyzing the binding behavior of the biochemical enzyme inhibitors to the target molecule. The biosensors are extensively used in clinical diagnostics, drug detention, food analysis and environment monitoring because they are highly sensitive, reliable and relatively cheap. Dynamic mathematical models used for biological investigation serve the purpose efficiently with very reasonable outcomes. In this study, a time-independent mathematical model for biosensor enzyme–substrate–inhibitor system under uncompetitive inhibition based on the nonlinear diffusion equations taking into consideration the kinetic rate constants and the initial concentrations of enzyme, substrate and inhibitor has been formulated and solved analytically using variational iteration method (VIM). The reliability and accuracy has been proved by comparing our results with the solution obtained by standard VIM. Chosen biosensors showed desirable sensitivity, selectivity and potential for application on real samples. They are frequently made to prevent interference from undesirable components that are present in the monitored system. The VIM is effectively and easily used to obtain solution of nonlinear equations accurately. Further, the solution has been discussed exhaustively for different values of reaction parameters avoiding linearization and unrealistic assumptions and the results obtained significantly agree with existing literature.
Energy constraints for static wormholes in f(ℛ,𝒯 ) gravity
Authors: Abbas G. , Taj S. , Siddiqa Aisha , Arbab Zohra
Published: July 2023

The tunnel-like structures proposed by Morris and Thorne are explored in this study by using [Formula: see text] framework. The solutions of static wormhole, supported by the matter possess van der Waals equation of state, are derived by two possible schemes. We have explored the shape function and energy conditions including null, weak, strong and dominant conditions. For this purpose, we used the equation of state [Formula: see text] in first scheme and a numerical technique in second scheme. Also, the radius of the wormhole’s throat is calculated, within which the energy conditions are satisfied. We have also deliberated the graphical illustrations of all the solutions.
Algebro-geometric solutions of the modified Jaulent–Miodek hierarchy
Authors: Gao Huan , Wang Deng-Shan , Zhao Peng
Published: July 2023

According to the polynomial recursion formalism, the modified Jaulent–Miodek hierarchy is derived in a standard way. The first two nontrivial members in the modified Jaulent–Miodek hierarchy are listed correspondingly. Based on the squared eigenfunctions, an algebraic curve [Formula: see text] and a Riemann surface [Formula: see text] with arithmetic genus [Formula: see text] are introduced, then the Dubrovin-type equations are obtained naturally. With the help of the conservation laws, the Baker–Akhiezer functions are defined. Finally, the asymptotic properties of the Baker–Akhiezer functions are analyzed, from which the algebro-geometric solutions of the modified Jaulent–Miodek hierarchy are constructed in term of the Riemann theta function.
Cross-Diffusion and Higher-Order Chemical Reaction Effects on Hydromagnetic Copper–Water Nanofluid Flow Over a Rotating Cone in a Porous Medium
Authors: Padmaja K. , Kumar B. Rushi , Bég O. Anwar , Bég Tasveer A.
Published: July 2023

Spin coating of engineering components with advanced functional nanomaterials which respond to magnetic fields is growing. Motivated by exploring the fluid dynamics of such processes, a mathematical model is developed for chemically reactive Cu–H2O magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) nanofluid swirl coating flow on a revolving vertical electrically insulated cone adjacent to a porous medium under a radial static magnetic field. Heat and mass transfer is included and Dufour and Soret cross-diffusion effects are also incorporated in the model. Thermal and solutal buoyancy forces are additionally included. To simulate chemical reaction of the diffusing species encountered in manufacturing processes, a higher-order chemical reaction formulation is also featured. Via suitable scaling transformations, the governing nonlinear coupled partial differential conservation equations and associated boundary conditions are reformulated as a nonlinear ordinary differential boundary value problem. MATLAB-based shooting quadrature with a Runge–Kutta method is deployed to solve the emerging system. Concentration, temperature and velocity variations for various nondimensional flow parameters have been visualized and analyzed. In addition, key wall characteristics, i.e., radial and circumferential skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number, have also been computed. Validation with earlier studies is also included. The simulations indicate that when compared to a lower-order chemical reaction, a higher-order chemical reaction allows a greater rate of heat and mass transfer at the cone surface. Increasing Dufour (diffuso-thermal) and Soret numbers generally reduces radial and circumferential skin friction and also Nusselt number, whereas it elevates the Sherwood number. Both skin friction components are also suppressed with increasing Richardson number. Strong deceleration in the tangential and circumferential velocity components is induced with greater magnetic field.
PEG–MoS2 Nanocomposite by Laser Ablation: Laser Energy Effects on Structural and Optical Properties for Photodiode Applications
Authors: Al-Nafiey Amer , Obaid Nagham M. , Al-Dahash Ghaleb
Published: July 2023

In this study, we fabricated a composite of polyethylene glycol (PEG) with molybdenum disulfide (MoS[Formula: see text] using the laser ablation method for the first time, with different energy levels of 100, 300 and 500[Formula: see text]mJ. The structural, optical and thermal properties of the composite were investigated using various characterization techniques. The UV–Vis spectra showed a redshift in the absorption edge with the increase in laser energy. The FTIR spectra indicated the presence of functional groups in both PEG and MoS2, and the characteristic peaks of both components were observed. The refractive index of the composite was found to decrease with an increase in laser energy. TEM images revealed the presence of rod-like and spherical particles with different sizes. The energy gap of the composite was also found to decrease with an increase in laser energy. The high absorption of the composite in the near-visible and visible regions allowed the photodiode to detect light with high sensitivity and accuracy. It is showing that the forward bias current of ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]Amp) is still relatively low and further optimization of the photodiode design and materials could lead to even higher current values and improved performance. These results suggest that the laser energy has a significant effect on the properties of the PEG–MoS2 composite. The obtained results demonstrate that the PEG–MoS2 composite has potential applications in various fields, including solar cells and drug delivery systems.
Density Functional Theory Study on Structural, Electronic, Magnetic, and Optical Properties of Au, Cu, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, and Fe Atoms Doped 13-Atom Silver Clusters
Authors: Li Weiyin , Shang Ruiyong , Lei Yuxi , Liu Yaxing , Ma Chao
Published: July 2023

The structural, electronic, magnetic, and optical properties of Au, Cu, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, and Fe atoms doped 13-atom silver clusters were investigated by the density functional theory (DFT) in the theoretical frame of the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) exchange-collection function. The results show that all the ground state structures of Au, Cu, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, and Fe atoms doped 13-atom silver clusters are icosahedral, respectively. The Au atom doped on the surface of Ag[Formula: see text] cluster is stable, while other atoms doped in the center of Ag[Formula: see text] cluster are stable. The electronic stability order from high to small is Ag[Formula: see text]Cr1, Ag[Formula: see text]Cu1, Ag[Formula: see text]Co1, Ag[Formula: see text]Fe1, Ag[Formula: see text]Au1, Ag[Formula: see text]Mn1, Ag[Formula: see text]Ni1. Their magnetic moments are not only related to the doping atom but also the doping location of the atom. The magnetic moments of the Cu, Au, Mn, Co, Ni, Fe, and Cr atoms doped in the Ag[Formula: see text] cluster are 5.0, 3.0, 1.0, 3.0, 4.0, 2.0, and 0.0[Formula: see text][Formula: see text], respectively. Compared with the optical absorption spectrum of the Ag[Formula: see text] cluster, the Au, Cr, and Mn atoms doped the Ag[Formula: see text] cluster leading to blue shift, and the Cu, Co, Ni, and Fe atoms doped the Ag[Formula: see text] cluster resulting in red shift. These studies provide a theoretical basis on applications for clusters in electronic, magnetic, and optical devices.
Effect of grain size on ferroelectric and dielectric properties of Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12 thin films prepared by rf-magnetron sputtering
Authors: Ma Shuai , Li Wei , Hao Jigong , Chen Yuying , Xu Zhijun
Published: July 2023

[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]Ti3[Formula: see text](BLT) thin films are promising materials used in non-volatile memories. In this work, BLT films were deposited on Pt(111)/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates by rf-magnetron sputtering method followed by annealing treatments. The microstructures of BLT thin films were investigated via X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). With the increase in annealing temperature, the grain size increased significantly and the preferred crystalline orientation changed. A well-saturated hysteresis loop with a superior remnant polarization of 15.4 [Formula: see text]C/cm2 was obtained for BLT thin films annealed at 700∘C. The results show that the dielectric constant decreased with the increase in grain sizes.
Implementation of Quantum Image Encryption via Reversible Quantum Logic Gates Computing
Authors: Cheng Yi Lin , Liao Yu Ping , Chen Chih Yu , Huang Tsung Wei
Published: July 2023

With the development of quantum communication technology, Shor’s algorithm is expected to crack RSA encryption. Quantum communication will change the method of classical encryption in the future. We propose a quantum image encryption method via reversible quantum logic gates computing as quantum computing is reversible. An entangled pair of qubits are used for data transmission. The plaintext image is encrypted into an encrypted image via the quantum gate by using superdense coding to encrypt and transmit the operating quantum gate. The encrypted image is decoded by reversible computing, which is expected to provide a way for quantum image encryption.
Rank 1 perturbations in random matrix theory — A review of exact results
Authors: Forrester Peter J.
Published: July 2023

A number of random matrix ensembles permitting exact determination of their eigenvalue and eigenvector statistics maintain this property under a rank [Formula: see text] perturbation. Considered in this review are the additive rank [Formula: see text] perturbation of the Hermitian Gaussian ensembles, the multiplicative rank [Formula: see text] perturbation of the Wishart ensembles, and rank [Formula: see text] perturbations of Hermitian and unitary matrices giving rise to a two-dimensional support for the eigenvalues. The focus throughout is on exact formulas, which are typically the result of various integrable structures. The simplest is that of a determinantal point process, with others relating to partial differential equations implied by a formulation in terms of certain random tridiagonal matrices. Attention is also given to eigenvector overlaps in the setting of a rank [Formula: see text] perturbation.
A Compact Cryogenic Configurable Slit Unit for a Multi-Object Infrared Spectrograph: Design and Development of a Prototype at TIFR
Authors: Madhwani P. P. , Kutty A. P. K. , Mookerjea B. , Parmar J. V. , Kurhade V. N. , D’Costa S. L. , Manoj P. , Surya A.
Published: July 2023

We present a cryogenic configurable slit unit (CSU) for a multi-object infrared spectrograph with an effective field of view of [Formula: see text] that was completely conceived and designed in the laboratory at TIFR. Several components of the CSU including the controller for the commercially procured piezo-walkers, controlled loop position sensing mechanism using digital slide calipers and a cryogenic test facility for the assembled prototype were also developed in-house. The principle of the CSU involves division of the field of view of the spectrometer into contiguous and parallel spatial bands, each one associated with two opposite sliding metal bars that can be positioned to create a slit needed to make spectroscopic observations of one astronomical object. A three-slit prototype of the newly designed CSU was built and tested extensively at ambient and cryogenic temperatures. The performance of the CSU was found to be as per specifications.
THE EFFECT OF MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS ON BANK RISK-TAKING
Authors: WANG LU
Published: July 2023

This paper evaluates how the risks associated with mergers and acquisitions (M&As) affect Bank Holding Companies’ (BHCs) levels of insolvency risk. Bank insolvency is hypothesized to be affected by M&As directly and indirectly through banks’ market risk, geographical diversification, and activity diversification. The relationship between bank insolvency, diversification, and market risk is estimated as a system using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). The key finding is that M&As erode banks’ insolvency, both directly and indirectly through the effects associated with their geographical diversification.
Access and usage of financial products in India: A gender gap analysis
Authors: Keerthikumara S. M. , Kumari D. Sujatha Susanna
Published: July 2023

This paper examines the status and determinants of the gender gap in access and usage of financial products and services using 3000 sample of Findex survey data 2021 in India. The results provide evidence to support the gender gap in access and usage of financial services. Particularly they are prominent in access to Mobile Money Accounts (MMAs; 12.03%), debit card (16.27%), and credit card (4.91%). At the same time, a remarkable gender gap was also found in the usage of financial products, specifically in MMA savings (4.25%), deposits (11.52%), withdrawal from accounts (6.83%), debit cards (13.27%) and credit cards (3.94%) usage. Finally, this paper documented the gender gap in access and use of financial products explained by a lower level of education, income, employment, mobile phone ownership, and internet access. The findings suggest that increasing traditional and digital financial literacy and employment opportunity among women are essential. It is also recommended to expand internet connectivity and mobile devices to all socio-economic categories of women.
Preparation and performance analysis of methyl-silicone resin-modified epoxy resin-based intumescent flame retardant thermal insulation coating
Authors: Cai Guoshuai , Wan Yange , Liu Jingxuan , Yang Nan , Guo Jiayi , Li Jiancun , Zhou Yunlei , Zhang Jingfang , Zhang Haijun , Wang Mingchao
Published: July 2023

The silicone resin-modified epoxy resin-based flame retardant thermal insulation coating was prepared from epoxy resin as the main film-forming agent, silicone resin diluted with isopropanol as a copolymerization modifier, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as dehydration catalyst, melamine (MEL) as foaming agent, pentaerythritol (PER) as char forming agent, and palygorskite and sepiolite as fillers. The effect of silicone resin on the flame retardancy, physicochemical properties and mechanical properties of the coatings were investigated by large plate combustion, ultimate limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical combustion, cone calorimetry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier infrared analysis, thermogravimetric differential scanning calorimetry analysis, N2 absorption and desorption test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and tensile, flexural, compressive strength tests. The addition of silicone resin not only accelerated the thermal reaction of the coating when exposed to heat, but also improved the thermal stability and oxidation resistance of the coating. The silica generated by the decomposition of silicone resin not only increased the residual char content of the coating but also optimized the structure of the coating. The surface of residual char was denser, and the internal pore structure was finer and high-density, which effectively reduced the smoke emission of the coating, enhanced the anti-ablation effect, improved the insulation effect, and increased the mechanical performance. Through comprehensive comparison, when the amount of silicone resin added was 20[Formula: see text]wt.%, the performance of E80S20 coating was the best. After 2[Formula: see text]h of butane flame ablation, the backside temperature was just 198.8∘C with no molten pits. The peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), total smoke production (TSP), and peak smoke production rate (PSPR) were significantly improved, with 17.3%, 33.8%, 32.0%, and 49.2% lower than those of blank sample E10S0. The LOI value of E80S20 was 32.5%, while that of the blank sample was just 20.8%. After combustion, the mass of the residual char and the Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) surface area of E8020 was 15.8% and 256% higher than those of E10S0. Besides, the tensile, bending and compressive strengths of E80S20 were 23.7, 36.2, and 79.3[Formula: see text]MPa, which were 3%, 2.6%, and 13.1% higher than those of E10S0. Corrosion resistance tests show that the coating is suitable for aqueous environments but not for acidic or alkaline environments. Finally, the flame retardant mechanism of E80S20 coating is summarized into four types: cooling insulation, vapor phase flame retarding, condensed phase flame retarding, and reinforced flame retarding.
SAM: Query-efficient Adversarial Attacks against Graph Neural Networks
Authors: Zhang Chenhan , Zhang Shiyao , Yu James J. Q. , Yu Shui
Published: July 2023

Recent studies indicate that Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Particularly, adversarially perturbing the graph structure, e.g., flipping edges, can lead to salient degeneration of GNNs’ accuracy. In general, efficiency and stealthiness are two significant metrics to evaluate an attack method in practical use. However, most prevailing graph structure-based attack methods are query intensive, which impacts their practical use. Furthermore, while the stealthiness of perturbations has been discussed in previous studies, the majority of them focus on the attack scenario targeting a single node. To fill the research gap, we present a global attack method against GNNs, Saturation adversarial Attack with Meta-gradient, in this article. We first propose an enhanced meta-learning-based optimization method to obtain useful gradient information concerning graph structural perturbations. Then, leveraging the notion of saturation attack, we devise an effective algorithm to determine the perturbations based on the derived meta-gradients. Meanwhile, to ensure stealthiness, we introduce a similarity constraint to suppress the number of perturbed edges. Thorough experiments demonstrate that our method can effectively depreciate the accuracy of GNNs with a small number of queries. While achieving a higher misclassification rate, we also show that the perturbations developed by our method are not noticeable.
Effect of Different pH in HKMG on the Selection Ratio of Al and Poly Removal Rates
Authors: Wang Qiang , Wang Shengli , Wang Chenwei , Cao Yuwei , Guo Feng , Liu Guangyao , Yang Yundian
Published: July 2023

When the characteristic size of integrated circuits developed to 28 nm and below according to Moore’s Law, aluminum was widely used as a gate material in HKMG structures, and the CMP technology of aluminum gates was a breakthrough in the upgrading of HKMG post-gate process technology. Aluminum gate CMP requirements are much higher than aluminum wiring and Damascus wiring, the key to aluminum gate CMP is to achieve high material removal selectivity and high perfect surface. At home and abroad, the research on aluminum gate CMP is mostly concentrated on removal rate and Al–Co galvanic corrosion. This paper will explore the influence of the rate selection ratio of aluminum and polysilicon under glycine hydrogen peroxide system with different pH conditions via CMP experiments, electrochemical experiments, UV and XPS spectroscopy experiments, etc.
A New Efficient Deep-Red-Emission Phosphor Y3Al4.9Sb0.1O12: Ce3+, Cr3+ with Application Potential in Plant Growth
Authors: Xia Deyang , Seto Takatoshi , Li Cancan , Wang Yuhua
Published: July 2023

Aiming at a system of more efficient plant growth, cationic substitutions for garnet-structure host crystal activated by Ce3+ and Cr3+ are investigated. A series of Y3Al5O12: Ce3+-Cr3+, red-emitting materials excited by near-ultraviolet and blue light with a peak emission near 693 nm, are synthesized using a solid-state method. The substitution of Sb3+ for Y3Al5O12: Ce3+, Cr3+ is found to increase the emission intensity of deep red about +80% because it improves the energy transfer from Ce3+ to Cr3+, where yellow emission of Ce3+ is depressed and deep red of Cr3+ increased. It also enhances the intensity-ratio of zero phonon line (ZPL) vs phonon assisted side band. It is induced that the substitution of Sb3+ having strong covalent property influences symmetric Ce3+O2–
6 octahedron, significantly increasing the intensity of 2E→4A2 ZPL of Cr3+ under the resonance energy transfer of Ce3+ to Cr3+. From the ratio of Ce3+ emission intensity in the absence and presence of Cr3+, the energy transfer has a mechanism of dipole-quadrupole interaction. By using Sb3+ substitution and flux AlF3, the original emission intensity of Y3Al5O12: Ce3+, Cr3+ is increased about +183%. The new phosphor has application potential for plant growth in both methods of using LED and converting Sunlight.
Investigation on Effect of Interface Trap Charges and Temperature in Gate Overlap Graphene Source Step Shape Double Gate Tunnel FET
Authors: Saha Rajesh , Goswami Rupam , Hoque Shanidul
Published: July 2023

This work evaluates the electrical parameters of Gate Overlap Graphene source Step Shape Double Gate TFET (GO-GR-SSDG-TFET) with wide variation in interface trap charges (ITCs) and temperature. Here, both the positive interface charges (PITCs) and negative interface charges (NITCs) along with temperature ranges from 200–500 K on DC, RF/analog and linearity characteristics are analyzed using TCAD Sentaurus Simulator. It is observed that there is improvement (degradation) in current ratio, transconductance, gain, cut-off frequency, and delay with increase (decrease) in PITC (NITC), whereas, opposite trend is realized in terms of linearity parameters. The rise in temperature leads to degradation in subthreshold behaviour due to exponential characteristic of Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) recombination with temperature. It is also seen that at high temperature there is degradation transconductance, device efficiency, cut-off frequency, current ratio, delay, and temperature sensitivity (ST) in the proposed TFET. Moreover, the linearity parameters are degraded with rise in temperature. Finally, a comparison table is highlighted in terms of various electrical parameters for proposed TFET with existing data.
Autonomic cardiovascular control during exercise
Authors: Wan Hsuan-Yu , Bunsawat Kanokwan , Amann Markus
Published: July 2023

The cardiovascular response to exercise is largely determined by neurocirculatory control mechanisms that help to raise blood pressure and modulate vascular resistance which, in concert with regional vasodilatory mechanisms, promote blood flow to active muscle and organs. These neurocirculatory control mechanisms include a feedforward mechanism, known as central command, and three feedback mechanisms, namely, 1) the baroreflex, 2) the exercise pressor reflex, and 3) the arterial chemoreflex. The hemodynamic consequences of these control mechanisms result from their influence on the autonomic nervous system and subsequent alterations in cardiac output and vascular resistance. Although stimulation of the baroreflex inhibits sympathetic outflow and facilitates parasympathetic activity, central command, the exercise pressor reflex, and the arterial chemoreflex facilitate sympathetic activation and inhibit parasympathetic drive. Despite considerable understanding of the cardiovascular consequences of each of these mechanisms in isolation, the circulatory impact of their interaction, which occurs when various control systems are simultaneously activated (e.g., during exercise at altitude), has only recently been recognized. Although aging and cardiovascular disease (e.g., heart failure, hypertension) have both been recognized to alter the hemodynamic consequences of these regulatory systems, this review is limited to provide a brief overview on the action and interaction of neurocirculatory control mechanisms in health.
Patient and Caregiver Perceptions of Airway Clearance Methods Used for Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Kienenberger Zoe E. , Farber Tyler O. , Teresi Mary E. , Milavetz Francesca , Singh Sachinkumar B. , Larson Ode Katie , Thoma Theodosia , Weiner Rebecca L. , Burlage Kathryn R. , Fischer Anthony J.
Published: July 2023

Introduction. Cystic Fibrosis Foundation guidelines recommend people with CF perform daily airway clearance. This can be difficult for patients, as some find it time consuming or uncomfortable. Data comparing airway clearance methods are limited. We surveyed patients and their families to understand which methods are preferred and identify obstacles to performing airway clearance. Methods. We designed a REDCap survey and enrolled participants in 2021. Respondents reported information on airway clearance usage, time commitment, and medication use. They rated airway clearance methods for effectiveness, comfort, time commitment, importance, and compatibility with other treatments. The analysis included descriptive statistics and clustering. Results. 60 respondents started and 52 completed the survey. The median patient age was 20 years. Respondents experienced a median of four airway clearance methods in their lifetime, including chest wall oscillation (vest, 92%), manual chest physical therapy (CPT, 88%), forced expiration technique (huff or cough, 77%), and exercise (75%). Past 30-day use was highest for exercise (62%) and vest (57%). The time commitment was generally less than 2 hours daily. Of those eligible for CFTR modulators, 53% reported decreased time commitment to airway clearance after starting treatment. On a scale of 0–100, respondents rated CFTR modulators as their most important treatment (median 99.5), followed by exercise (88). Discussion. Patients and caregivers are familiar with several methods of airway clearance for CF. They report distinct strengths and limitations of each method. Exercise and vest are the most common methods of airway clearance. The use of CFTR modulators may reduce patient-reported time commitment to airway clearance.
The Role of Diaspora Policies, Ethnic Capital and International Education in Brazilian Migration
Authors:   Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Gabellini Bruno Castro , Valenta Marko ,   Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim
Published: July 2023

This article delves into the experiences of Brazilian students studying abroad, examining the factors that drive and hinder this type of international migration. Our analysis emphasises the importance of exchange programmes, transnational connections, and diasporic practices. We contend that the desire to emigrate is fostered by relative underdevelopment, but that international and local factors present structural barriers to realising those aspirations. As a result, individuals must seek alternative avenues, with educational exchanges and student mobility programmes emerging as critical resources. We also explore how ethnic and human capital can facilitate mobility for many Brazilians, enabling them to overcome structural barriers that often require them to navigate multiple nation-states. This study thus contributes to the conversation on the connections between ethnic and human capital on the one hand and multinational, stepwise migrations on the other.
Supplementary Data from Plasma Membrane Channel TRPM4 Mediates Immunogenic Therapy–Induced Necrosis
Authors: Ghosh Santanu , Yang Rachel , Duraki Darjan , Zhu Junyao , Kim Ji Eun , Jabeen Musarrat , Mao Chengjian , Dai Xinyi , Livezey Mara R. , Boudreau Matthew W. , Park Ben H. , Nelson Erik R. , Hergenrother Paul J. , Shapiro David J.
Published: July 2023

Supplementary Movie 3
Omentectomy as Part of Radical Surgery for Gastric Cancer: 5-Year Follow-Up Results of a Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Keywani Kammy , Borgstein Alexander B.J. , Boerma Djamila , van Esser Stijn , Eshuis Wietse J. , Van Berge Henegouwen Mark I. , van Sandick Johanna , Gisbertz Suzanne S.
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Curative therapy for gastric cancer usually consists of perioperative chemotherapy combined with a radical (R0) gastrectomy. In addition to a modified D2 lymphadenectomy, a complete omentectomy is recommended. However, there is little evidence for a survival benefit of omentectomy. This study presents the follow-up data of the OMEGA study. Methods: This multicenter prospective cohort study included 100 consecutive patients with gastric cancer undergoing (sub)total gastrectomy with complete en bloc omentectomy and modified D2 lymphadenectomy. Primary outcome of the current study was 5-year overall survival. Patients with or without omental metastases were compared. Pathological factors associated with locoregional recurrence and/or metastases were tested with multivariable regression analysis. Results: Of 100 included patients, five had metastases in the greater omentum. Five-year overall survival was 0.0% in patients with omental metastases and 44.2% in patients without omental metastases (p = 0.001). Median overall survival time for patients with or without omental metastases was 7 months and 53 months. A (y)pT3–4 stage tumor and vasoinvasive growth were associated with locoregional recurrence and/or metastases in patients without omental metastases. Conclusion: The presence of omental metastases in gastric cancer patients who underwent potentially curative surgery was associated with impaired overall survival. Omentectomy as part of radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer might not contribute to a survival benefit in case of undetected omental metastases.
The role of German teachers’ community as a pioneer in improving teacher competence
Authors: Kempa Rudolf , Serpara Henderika , Lokollo Lambertus
Published: July 2023

The role of professional communities in improving teacher performance is crucial in this era. One such organization is the German language teachers’ community. This research aimed to describe two things: i) The role of the German language teacher community as a pioneer of the teacher community; and ii) The role of teachers as learning leaders in planning, implementing, and evaluating German language learning. The qualitative approach was used in this study. Furthermore, the research subjects were the head of the German language teachers’ community and German language teachers in Ambon City, Indonesia as members. Researchers collected data through observation, interviews, and documentation studies and analyzed the data following an interactive analysis model with analysis steps including data reduction, presentation, and verification. The results in this study showed that: i) The German language teacher community generally designs programs to strengthen teacher capacity through workshops, seminars, exchanging experiences, and making learning tools; ii) These programs are carried out according to a mutually agreed schedule by presenting competent resource persons; iii) The German language teacher community assists teachers in planning, implementing, and evaluating German language learning; and iv) As community members and learning leaders, teachers benefit from the above programs to independently practice the material they have learned at school. Implementing this role can be used as a role model for other communities.
jurnal Prediksi Penjualan Emas di PT. Pegadaian Area Jambi Menggunakan Fuzzy Time Series Cheng
Authors: Risnawati Maria , Syafmen Wardi , Mardhotillahs Bunga
Published: July 2023

Setiap bulan berat emas yang terjual di PT. Pegadaian Area Jambi tidak bisa dipastikan. Data hasil penjualan emas setiap bulannya tidak stabil yang mengalami  kenaikan dan penurunan penjualan. Hal tersebut menyebabkan data penjualan emas bersifat fluktuasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk meramalkan jumlah penjualan emas pada bulan mendatang.

Fuzzy Time Series (FTS) Cheng merupakan metode peramalan untuk memprediksi data time series yang pola datanya tidak tetap atau berubah-ubah mengalami penurunan dan kenaikan di setiap periode. Sistem yang digunakan untuk memprediksi data dengan menangkap pola dari data sebelumnya atau data historis disebut sistem Fuzzy Times Series. Dalam penentuan interval, metode Cheng memiliki cara yang agak berbeda dengan membentuk Fuzzy Logical Relationship (FLR) berdasarkan pada urutan dan perulangan FLR yang sama dimasukan semua hubungan dengan pemberian bobot.

Penelitian ini menggunakan data Time Series. Data Time Series adalah data yang disusun berdasarkan urutan waktu atau data yang dikumpulkan dari waktu ke waktu atau disebut historis. Waktu yang digunakan pada data penelitian ini yaitu bulanan. Data yang digunakan adalah data penjualan emas di PT. Pegadaian Area Jambi dari bulan Januari 2020 hingga Oktober 2022. Penelitian ini memberikan hasil peramalan terhadap data historis menghasilkan nilai error Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) <10% dan menghasilkan nilai error Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) sebesar 368 gram. Sehingga peramalan untuk bulan November 2022 diprediksi sebesar 4.521 gram. Sehingga metode Fuzzy Time Series Cheng sangat baik diguakan untuk meramalkan rata-rata penjualan emas di PT. Pegadaian Area Jambi.
A pulsão de onipotência e seus destinos
Authors: Bogéa Diogo Barros
Published: July 2023

Empreende-se nesse artigo a tentativa de compreender as bases psíquicas do autoritarismo político contemporâneo. Através dos conceitos freudianos de “pulsão de poder” (Bemächtigungstrieb) e projeção, oferecemos uma hipótese para o inquietante fenômeno contemporâneo da adoração a líderes autoritários.
Sobre a negatividade do mundo e a questão do sofrimento em Adorno e Schopenhauer
Authors: Kugnharski Gabriel
Published: July 2023

Este artigo se propõe a mostrar a centralidade que a questão do sofrimento adquire nas filosofias de Arthur Schopenhauer e Theodor Adorno. O ponto de partida é um recorte preciso na obra de ambos os autores visando a uma reconstrução breve da metafísica de Schopenhauer, com ênfase na concepção de Vontade, desenvolvida em O mundo como vontade e como representação, de 1818, e a uma apresentação dos conceitos principais que compõem a concepção de dialética negativa, exposta por Adorno na obra homônima de 1966. Por fim, defendo a tese de que, de um lado, Adorno se aproxima de Schopenhauer ao conceder uma centralidade à questão sofrimento e, mais especificamente, a um sofrimento corporal ou físico. Por outro lado, mostro que há elementos inconciliáveis entre as duas filosofias na medida em que a noção de dialética negativa pretende se afastar de toda forma de idealismo, e o sistema metafísico desenvolvido por Schopenhauer não teria sido capaz, na leitura de Adorno, de romper efetivamente com a filosofia idealista.