bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protein Biosynthesis in Microorganisms: Mechanisms, Regulation, and Biotechnological Applications
Authors: Mustapha Abdulsalam  , Ahmad Tofa Salihu  , Halima Yahaya Usman  , Maryam Yahaya Usman
Published: January 2024

Protein biosynthesis in microorganisms is an essential process with in-depth implications in microbiology and biotechnology. This study aims to explore the mechanisms, regulations, applications, and prospects of this fundamental biological process. The objective was to provide a holistic understanding of protein biosynthesis, encompassing its mechanisms, regulation, and biotechnological relevance. In addressing the research problem, this study identifies a research gap while research has extensively covered aspects of translation in microorganisms, a notable gap exists in comprehending the consequences of ribosome pausing and mistranslation during translation elongation. While translation initiation and termination fidelity have gained attention, elongation fidelity is still a new area of study. Key discoveries include new insights into protein biosynthesis methods, the importance of regulatory elements such as riboswitches, and the possibility of precision engineering via synthetic biology. Surprisingly, effective biotechnological uses are highlighted, such as recombinant protein manufacturing and biofuel synthesis. Recommendations emphasize the need for further study in translational fidelity during elongation, precision engineering, and multi-omics integration. With advances in synthetic biology, single-cell technologies, and artificial intelligence applications, the future of protein biosynthesis research seems promising. Protein biosynthesis in microorganisms, on the other hand, is crucial to cellular life and holds great potential for biotechnological applications. This study is a great resource for academics, educators, and practitioners, providing insights into addressing microbiological and biotechnological difficulties through the use of protein biosynthesis.
Performa Broiler yang Dipelihara Pada Lantai Atas dan Lantai Bawah Kandang Postal Double Deck dengan Sistem Close House
Authors: Sultan Sri , Horhoruw Wiesje M , Wattiheluw Muhammad J
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to determine the performance of broilers kept on the upper and lower floors of double-deck postal cages with a semi-close house system. This research was conducted for 42 days consisting of 10 days of cage preparation and 32 days of data collection. The material for this study was broilers with the final Cobb strain CP-707 stock, with a population of 16,000 birds (8,000 birds/floor). Survey and observation methods are used to collect data related to broiler performance. The variables observed in this study were depletion, feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and performance index (IP). The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The results show that based on the performance index, the performance of broilers kept in double-deck postal cages on the top floor is very good, and the bottom floor is good. Broilers on the upper floor have a higher performance index value than the lower floor due to lower depletion values, lower feed consumption with lower feed conversion values, and higher body weight.
Formulasi Tepung Sagu Dan Tepung Kacang Merah Terhadap Pembuatan Kukis
Authors: Ramadan Yusirwan , Augustyn Gelora H , Mailoa Meitycorfrida
Published: January 2024

This is to find the best formulation for treating sago flour and red bean flour in making cookies that the panelists like. The design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 6 treatments. The treatment used was the ratio between sago flour and red bean flour (100%:0%, 90%:10%, 80%:20%, 70%:30%, 60%:40%, and 50%:50%). The observed data were proximate analysis and organoleptic. The results of the study with the sago flour formulation: red bean flour in the P3 treatment was the best treatment in making cookies with chemical test results, namely 4.73% water content, 1.57% ash content, 6.73% protein content, 8.70 fat content % and carbohydrate content of 78.25%. At the same time, the organoleptic test was slightly brownish yellow in color, savory taste, crunchy texture, and overall (overall) liked by the panelists. Meanwhile, according to SNI, the cookies produced are also according to standards except for protein and fat content.
Karakteristik Fenotipik Sifat Kualitatif Kambing Lokal Di Kecamatan Bula Kabupaten Seram Bagian Timur
Authors: Rumfot Riansya , Papilaya Bercomien J. , Rajab Rajab
Published: January 2024

Expression of qualitative traits may represent several adaptive mechanisms related to adaptation and survival in different ecological zones where local goats are located. The purpose of this study was to study the phenotypic characterization of qualitative traits such as coat color and horn characteristics of local goats in Bula District, East Seram District. The research took place from October to November 2022 in Bula District, East Seram Regency, Maluku Province, because this area is an area for developing goat livestock where the population reaches 32.18% of the total ruminant livestock. Direct observation in the field (observatory design) of a total of 100 local goats randomly selected in 3 samples, namely Engglas Village, Bula Air, and Fault. The variables observed were qualitative characteristics related to outward appearances, such as body morphology, horns, back, ears, and color patterns. The results showed that local goats in Bula District had qualitative characteristics including a flat facial profile with normal eyes (100%), dominated by goats with horns (90%) and dangling ears (78%), with a concave dorsal line (100 %). The color pattern of the fur is still very varied, some are black (17%), white (20%), gray (16%), brown (23%) and the remaining 24% have a mixed color of black, white, and brown. Based on these qualitative characteristics, it belongs to the kacang goat breed.
Analisis Rantai Pasok Buah Pepaya di Pulau Ambon
Authors: Paays Vilia G , Timisela Natelda R , Parera Weldemina B
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to analyze the mechanism and efficiency of the papaya supply chain in Ambon Island. The analytical method uses qualitative and quantitative analysis. The qualitative analysis describes the mechanism of the papaya supply chain flow, while the quantitative analysis analyzes marketing margins, farmer's share, and marketing efficiency. Based on the results of the analysis, there are 2 supply chain channels for the papaya wulung supply chain in Saniani Maju, the first channel (Producers → Collectors in the mardika market → Consumers), the second channel (Producers → Rujak natsepa traders → Consumers). Papaya bangkok at Gerbang Mas has 1 channel (Farmers → Fris fresh market → Consumers). Analysis of efficiency and farmer share shows that all marketing channels are efficient because they meet the criteria, namely the calculation results of farmer's share ≥ 40% and marketing efficiency value < 50%.
Kepadatan Populasi dan Intensitas Kerusakan Sexava coriacea L. pada Tanaman Kelapa di Halmahera Barat - Maluku Utara
Authors: Mosu Kristofel R , Siahaya Victor G , Masauna Esther D
Published: January 2024

The purpose of the study was to obtain dense data on the population of Sexava coriacea pests and the amount of damage intensity to coconut plants in West Halmahera, North Maluku. The method used is a survey and interview of farmers, where the sample villages are determined proportionally to the villages with the highest number of coconuts. Determining the level of population density begins by determining each of the two leaf sheaths facing west and east. Counting insects (imago or nymphs) found on predetermined fronds as many as 600 fronds. The extent of damage was obtained by taking five leaf sheaths, for a total of 750 leaf sheaths. The results showed that the insect pest found was Sexava coriacea L. The average dense population of S. coriacea in Kie Ici village ranged from 18-77 nymphs per tree, a total of 325 heads, an average of 1.63 heads per midrib of coconut leaves, Naga village ranged from 4-36 nymphs per tree, a total of 275 heads, an average of 1.38 heads per midrib of coconut leaves, Maritango village ranges from 10-34 nymphs per tree, a total of 200, an average of 1.00 per midrib of coconut leaves. The average percentage of attacks and damage rate in Maritango village was 32.4% (medium), Naga village 42.8% (medium), and Kie Ici village 48.4% (medium). Natural enemies found in the field are spiders (Arachnida), weaver ants (Oecophylla smaragdina), and suuku birds (Centropus goliath Bonaparte).
Efektivitas Esktrak Akar Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth) dan Pepaya (Carica papaya L) dalam Menekan Terbentuknya Puru Akar Nematoda pada Tanaman Seledri (Apium graveolensL)
Authors: Asty Nur , Siahaya Victor G , Umasangaji Aminudin
Published: January 2024

This study aims to test the effectiveness of root extracts of kenikir and papaya plants in suppressing the rate of root-knots formation, as well as the number of root-knots formed on celery plants. The method used was a factorial experiment in a randomized block design with two factors, namely the type of antagonist plant root and the dosage, with five replications. The results showed that the treatment of papaya root extract (Carica papaya L.) had a significant effect on all parameters, but the HSD test was only significantly different on the number of root knots. The highest average number of root knots in control plants was 67.2 (A1B0), and the lowest was 4.6 (A1B5). The treatment of kenikir root extract (Cosmos caudatus Kunth.) significantly affected all parameters, but the HSD test was only significantly different on plant height and number of root knots. The average plant height in the control was 31.4 cm (A2B0), and in the treatment 40.6 cm (A2B5). The highest average number of root knoots was 50.8 (A2B0), and the lowest was 1.0 (A2B5). Carpain secondary metabolites in papaya root extract, and phenylpropanoids in kenikir root extract played a role in suppressing the growth of root-knot nematodes. Coniferyl alcohol in kenikir root extract is thought to play a role in increasing the height of celery plants. Kenikir root extract was better than papaya root extract in suppressing the growth of root-knot nematodes.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Daging Buah Gandaria Terhadap Permen Jelly Rumput Laut (Eucheuma cottonii)
Authors: Notanubun Talia H , Tuhumury Helen C D , Nendissa S J
Published: January 2024

The purpose of the research was to determine the chemical, physical and organoleptic characteristics of jelly candy with the addition of gandaria flesh. This study used a single randomized complete design with 5 treatment level and 2 replications. The treatment levels in this study were: P1 (Meat Gandaria), P2 (25% Meat Gandaria), P3 (50% Meat Gandaria), P4 (75% Meat Gandaria), P5 (100% Meat Gandaria). The results showed that the treatment using doubles flesh was better than the others because it had a water content (16,70%), ash content (0,92%), total sugar (23,71%), pH (5,25%), total acid (8,05%). The seaweed jelly candy turned out to be preferred by panelists in all categories of hedonic of taste (2,65%), aroma (2,35%), color (2,65%), texture (2,7%), general acceptance (2,9%), level of acidity (2,35%).
Keragaman Morfologi Sukun (Artocarpus altilis Park. Fosberg) di Kecamatan Teluk Ambon
Authors: Pamungkas Mar A S , Kesaulya Henry , Jambormias Edizon
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity of breadfruit plants in the Ambon Bay District based on their morphological characteristics. The breadfruits plant descriptors used refer to the International Board Plant Genetic Resources Institute and key characterization and evaluation descriptors: Methodologies for the assessment of 22 crops. There are various morphological characteristics of breadfruit in 31 observational variables. At a similarity value of 27,47, three clusters were formed, namely the first cluster Rumah Tiga, Poka, the second cluster Wainani, Hunut, and the third cluster Tawiri, Hative Besar 2, and Hative Besar 1. Each cluster that forms into one cluster has relatively homogeneous characteristics, while between clusters have different characteristics.
Studi Tentang Mutu Biji Pala Dengan Pengeringan Matahari dan Pengasapan
Authors: Rahmadini Nova , Marzuki Ilyas , Laimeheriwa Semuel
Published: January 2024

The quality of nutmeg seeds is determined, among others, by their moisture content and the presence of aflatoxin contamination. To maintain quality, the moisture content of nutmeg seeds must be reduced to meet export standards. This can be achieved through sun drying or smoking. Aflatoxin is a mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus fungi. The study aims to obtain nutmeg seeds with the appropriate moisture content according to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) through sun drying and smoking methods. Also, it is to qualitatively identify the presence of aflatoxin in the nutmeg seeds. A total of 27 kg of nutmeg was divided into three treatment groups for drying and smoking. The drying and smoking treatments were arranged following a Randomized Block Design with three replications. Nutmeg essential oil was extracted using steam distillation. Subsequently, a qualitative identification of aflatoxin contamination was carried out using PDA media. The results showed that sun drying the nutmeg seeds for 72 hours resulted a moisture content of 7 - 8%. Meanwhile, the qualitative identification revealed the presence of Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp, and Rhizopus stolonifer in the tested samples. No A. flavus, however, which is the main fungus responsible for aflatoxin production, was found in the results. Therefore, by drying the nutmeg seeds to a moisture content below 10%, the emergence of aflatoxin-causing fungi can be prevented.
Analisis Kendala Dalam Implementasi Kebijakan Program Kartu Tani di Desa Passo Kecamatan Teluk Ambon Baguala Kota Ambon
Authors: Pellu Nurhaya , Damanik Inta P N , Luhukay Johanna M
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study is to find out the obstacles in the implementation of the farmer card program policy, and to find solutions to the obstacles in the implementation of the farmer card program policy. The research was conducted in Paso Village, Teluk Ambon Baguala District, Ambon City. The population of this study is farmers who are members of farmer groups. The data analysis method used is descriptive kualitative using simple tabulation analysis. The results showed that farmers generally do not use farmer cards to transact at retailer kiosks. The obstacle to the realization of the Ambon City farmer card program is the absence of synchronization between stakeholders, namely from farmers, retailers, distributors, producers, provincial and city technical offices, and banks so that the farmer card program entered in Ambon City from 2017 until now has not been realized.
Pengaruh Pemberian Puree Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera) Terhadap Sifat Kimia Dan Organoleptik Nugget Ikan Cakalang (Katsuwonus pelamis)
Authors: Pattikawa Stevani O , Mailoa Meitycofrida , Augustyn Gelora H
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical and organoleptic characteristics of fish nuggets with the addition of Moringa puree. This study was designed using a one-factor Completely Randomized Design, namely the concentration of Moringa leaf puree with four treatment levels 0%, 20%, 40% and 60% with two replications. Variables observed included moisture content, ash content, fat content, protein content and carbohydrate content as well as hedonic tests and hedonic quality of color, taste, aroma and texture. The results showed that there was a change in the chemical and organoleptic properties of fish nuggets. The water content decreased, while the ash, fat, protein and carbohydrate content increased with the addition of the concentration of Moringa puree from the beginning of the treatment. As well as influencing the hedonic assessment and hedonic quality of the panelists.
Status Hara Nitrogen, Fosfor, dan Kalium pada Lahan Sawah di Desa Savana Jaya Kecamatan Waeapo Kabupaten Buru
Authors: Wamnebo Siti I R , Kaya Elizabeth , Siregar Adelina
Published: January 2024

is research aims to study nutrients status of N, P, and K in Savana Jaya Village, District of Waeapo, Buru Regency. This research was descriptive and using survey method in the field. Soil samples were composited taken from 5 subsites with 25 m distance from sampling center point. Respondents were selected by using a purposive sampling method, and production data was collected by interviewing farmers. The results showed that the total N status in the Savana Jaya village was low (0,10-0,12%) to very low (0,09%), total P status was moderate (23-38 mg/100 g) to very high (68 mg/100 g), and total K status was low (10-13 mg/100 g) to moderate (30 mg/100 g). The proposed balanced-fertilizer management to support rice fields in the study area is site-specific nutrient management (PHSP) using NPK compound fertilizers combined with urea, Ponsta and Pelangi fertilizers based on nutrients and soil fertility status in the study area, including adding lime to increase soil pH, adding petrorganic organic matter to increase soil C-Organic and soil CEC.
Karakteristik Organoleptik Jelly Drink Buah Gandaria (Macrophylla sp) Dengan Penambahan Carboxymethyl Cellulose
Authors: Palijama Syane
Published: January 2024

This research aims to characterize the Gandaria jelly drink with the addition of CMC sensory in hedonic tests and hedonic quality which were carried out descriptively. The results of the research showed that jelly drinks with the addition of CMC using hedonic tests had a color ranging between 3.1–3.8 (liked to very liked), taste 3.6–4.0 (liked very much), aroma 3.5–4.0 (like it very much), texture 2.6–3.0 (like it), suction power 2.6–3.0 (like it), and over all 3.8–4.0 (like it very much), while the test Hedonic quality has color ranging between scale values of 2.9–3.3 (yellow), taste 4.0–4.5 (tastes of Gandaria), aroma 4.0–4.5 (smells of Gandaria), texture 2.9–3.6 (springy to very springy) and suction power 2.9–3.6 (easy to suck to very easy to suck).
Optimalisasi Temperatur Sintering Pada Sintered Body Hidroksiapatit Dengan Penambahan Silika Sebagai Material Penguat
Authors: Febri Erdinal - , Pajri Azisyam , Indra Ade
Published: January 2024

Sintered body hydroxyapatite (HA) in the form of pellets has been made by adding silica as a reinforcing material (ratio 60:40 wt.%) by varying the sintering temperature. HA and silica were subjected to a dry mixing process for 2 h, then a wet mixing process was carried out for 2 h with the addition of PVA and alcohol as a binder. The mixing process uses a rotary drum with the addition of zirconia balls with the aim of making the mixture more homogeneous. After the mixing process, the samples were dried for 48 h to remove the alcohol contained. The green body was made using the uniaxial pressing method at a pressure of 100 MPa and held for 3 minutes. The sintering process is carried out variously at temperatures of 800°C, 900°C, 1000°C, 1100°C, 1200°C, 1300°C, and 1400°C. with a heating rate of 5ºC/minute and holding time of 4 h. Next, the temperature was lowered to 300ºC with a cooling rate of 5ºC/minute. The results showed that linear shrinkage increased significantly (weight shrinkage increased 12.83% - 25.08% and diameter shrinkage increased 3.26% - 23.21%). The results of the relative density calculation show that there is a significant increase with each variation in sintering temperature, where the increase occurs from 44.4% - 85.6%. The compressive strength value also shows an increase with increasing sintering temperature, namely from 21.2 MPa at 800 oC to 65.9 MPa at 1300 oC. Meanwhile, at a sintering temperature of 1400°C, compressive strength values decreased and oxidation occurred as evidenced by color changes. It can be concluded that the optimization of the sintering process occurs at a temperature of 1300 oC which is proven by the highest compressive strength value and no oxidation occurs.
Isoterm Adsorpsi Arang Kulit Jengkol Sebagai Adsorben CO2
Authors: Rahman Muhammad Fadhil , Pratoto Adjar , Saputra Dendi Adi , Kodama Akio
Published: January 2024

The concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas in the atmosphere continues to increase every year, mainly due to human activities such as burning fossil fuels for energy, industrial processes, and transportation. The development of CO2 gas reduction research continues to be carried out, one of which is the adsorption process using adsorbents. The research was carried out by looking at the effect of variations in activating agent and activation temperature on adsorbents as CO2 adsorbers and how N2 and pore size distribution influence CO2 adsorption. The active carbon adsorbent used comes from jengkol peel which is carbonized via the pyrolysis method. Adsorbents are made by varying the type of activating material (KOH, Urea, and KOH+urea) and activation temperature (600℃, 700℃, and 800℃). The active ingredient KOH+urea has better absorption capacity than other variations, but not too high. N2 gas does not really affect the CO2 adsorption process because it has a low N2 adsorption isotherm, so it is not worrying if the CO2 adsorption process also contains N2 in the air. Based on measurements with Belsorp-Max II, the data obtained is only specific surface area data, this is due to the small surface pores of the adsorbent. The temperature of 800℃ has a better specific surface area than other variations, this is also by the higher CO2 adsorption capacity. So it is concluded that the pore surface area influences the ability to absorb CO2. Based on the data obtained, jengkol peel charcoal is not suitable as a CO2 adsorbent because it has a low pore surface area and adsorption isotherm
Destructive Test Material SA516 70N Untuk Kualifikasi Pengelasan Standar ASME BPVC Sec. IX-2021
Authors: Irawan Benny Haddli , Ariyanto Nugroho Pratomo , Siregar Jonas Felix
Published: January 2024

This research contains about destructive test for WPS qualification (welding qualification record) in making pressure vessel. WPS can be declared qualified if they have PQR (procedure qualification record). In making PQR required testing destructive test the test is carried out by damaging the specimen based on ASME standards (american society of mechanical engineers) BPVC (boiler pressure vessel code) Sec. IX-2021 with SA516 70N material. Indestructive test for this welding qualification, there are 4 types of testing with the number of specimens to be tested, namely: testing tensile (2 specimens), testing bend (4 specimens), testing charpy iMPact (2 sets or 6 pcs specimen), and testing hardness vickers (1 specimen). Number of specimens tensile and bend specified in ASME BPVC Sec. IX-2021 on QW-451.1 and for the number of test specimens charpy iMPact has been specified in ASME BPVC Sec. VIII. 1-2021 on UG-84 as well as for total specimen hardness vickers specified in NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-2:2023E table A.1. Results of testing tensile obtained a figure of 542 MPa (N/mm2) with a minimum requirement of 485 MPa (N/mm2), testing bend no open discontinuities found, for test results charpy iMPact the smallest is 47 joules with a minimum requirement of 20 joules for single hairy. And for testing hardness vickers highest value 217 HV on section weld cap with requirements weld root is 250 HV while the highest value is on the part weld cap is 275 HV. The results of this test indicate that the welding procedure complies with the requirements and conditions set out in ASME BPVC Sec. IX-2021 in testing destructive test.
Perancangan Mesin Press Kaleng Minuman Menggunakan Tenaga Motor Listrik
Authors: Anderson Sir , Amri Khairul , Maimuzar Maimuzar , Hanif Hanif , Zubrianto Figo
Published: January 2024

Aluminum can waste is becoming more prevalent. There is no trash processing system, and the public does not value recycling. Used-goods collectors may damage themselves by crushing cans with a hammer to reduce volume. To improve the recycling process of aluminum beverage cans, an electric-powered press machine will be designed. The design of this press machine is intended to assist users in the waste treatment process in minimizing space, especially in the trash can storage space, and to make it easier for collectors of recyclables. This equipment is used to compress objects with a driving force. The press machine developed can reduce the volume or dimensions to increase the capacity of transmitting cans, which will subsequently be melted again. Previous research has been based on pneumatic motors and manufacturing techniques that demand a large amount of space and are therefore impractical. Meanwhile, despite having the same power of 1/2 HP, the smaller rotation speed of 272.5 RPM results in a reduced pressing force of 59.17 kgf. The motor was designed to have a power output of 1/2 horsepower and a rotational speed of 1400 revolutions per minute. The transmission system uses a 76.2-millimeter diameter pulley along with a belt that has a type 50 speed reducer ratio of 1:60. A cam, coupled with the speed reducer, moves the pressing cylinder translationally. This enables the pressing cylinder to press up to 1,380 cans per hour. The force required to press the can is 951.57 N.
Underground Hydrogen Storage in Porous Media: The Role of Petrophysics
Authors:   Texas A&M University, Okoroafor Esuru Rita , Galvis Henry ,   Texas A&M University
Published: January 2024

The demand for hydrogen is growing. The IEA 2021 Hydrogen report showed that global hydrogen demand reached 94 Mt in 2021, a 5% increase in demand from 2020. Hydrogen demand is expected to reach 180 Mt by 2030. This increasing demand would require storage at scale. Of existing and potential hydrogen storage technologies, underground hydrogen storage in porous media is being considered for large-scale hydrogen storage based on successes with underground gas storage. However, there are no detailed site selection criteria for underground hydrogen storage in porous media. The objective of this study is to showcase the key geological and reservoir engineering parameters that affect underground hydrogen storage and demonstrate how petrophysical data could help in screening sites, site characterization, and hydrogen plume monitoring. We used numerical simulation modeling of a synthetic reservoir to create a base-case model representative of the hydrodynamic conditions relevant to underground hydrogen storage in porous media. We carried out a two-step sensitivity analysis. In the first step, we determined the key parameters impacting the storage and flow of hydrogen in porous media. In the second stage, we examined in detail the extent further ranges of those key parameters had on hydrogen storage potential. The findings of the two-step sensitivity analysis resulted in the development of preliminary site selection criteria. The study showed that the reservoir depth or current pressure, the reservoir dip, and the flow capacity were the top three factors impacting the optimal withdrawal of hydrogen. These highly sensitive parameters also indicate the need to reduce the uncertainty associated with these parameters when selecting potential sites for hydrogen storage in porous media. When the site selection criteria were applied to depleted fields in Northern California, we were able to see how uncertainties in geological and reservoir parameters can change a site’s ranking for potential hydrogen storage. This study quantifies uncertainties in data and identifies where and how petrophysical measurements could reduce the uncertainty associated with the key parameters relevant to underground hydrogen storage, selecting optimal sites for hydrogen storage, and tracing hydrogen leaks during the monitoring phase.
Communication of building in Charles Jencks semiotics at KAKR Bamboo Hall: Vernacular buildings and semiotic trichotomy
Authors: Rambe Yunita Syafitri , Nasution Aulia Muflih
Published: January 2024

This study includes a semiotic analysis of the KAKR Bamboo Hall facade. This is inspired by the architecture and surroundings of the building, which a young vernacular architect created. The first steps in conducting research on buildings are identification studies of the local environment, local culture, and the data utilized in the design process. This study makes use of semiotic theory by Charles Jenks and employs a quantitative research methodology with a descriptive approach. To obtain actual field data, the research began with a direct survey of the research location. A test on semiotics-related architectural theory was conducted using this data. The objective of this study is to provide a foundation or point of reference for the accuracy of the design work that will subsequently be performed on the nearby buildings. This, it is said, is because the village will eventually transform into a historical tourism destination. The findings show that Semiotic trichotomy indicators and Peirce's semiotic theory are compatible. The research's output is a design concept that uses a vernacular building approach in the Buluh Awar area. It does this by emphasizing semiotic trichotomy—the relationship between semiotic concepts and physical structures—in the form of buildings.
Case study approach in post-occupancy evaluation research
Authors: Ratnasari Anisza , Sudradjat Iwan
Published: January 2024

A case study is a research approach that focuses on one or multiple real-life cases as the subject, encompassing both concrete entities such as individuals, groups, or organizations, as well as abstract constructs like processes, networks, or projects. This approach is employed to in-deep investigate complex issues and has been applied in various disciplines, such as; the social sciences, humanities, management, psychology, and architecture. The specific characteristics of a case study involve thorough exploration and analysis, data collection from diverse sources, and identification of key themes within the case. The strength of case studies lies in their ability to combine quantitative and qualitative data, enabling researchers to gain a profound understanding of the processes and outcomes of a phenomenon. This study applies a systematic literature review from several credible scholar articles. Two architectural case study researches are selected as precedents to provide a concrete overview of the characteristics, strengths, weaknesses, and procedural framework of implementing the case study approach. Analysis is conducted by comparing various gathered data to discern the potential for case studies to contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the complexity of issues and the quest for their solutions.
Spectrum Absorbency of Metamaterial Perfect Absorber
Authors:   Centre for Telecommunication Research and Innovation, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, MALAYSIA, Md Ali Siti Adlina , Abu Maisarah ,   Centre for Telecommunication Research and Innovation, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, MALAYSIA, Zabri Siti Normi ,   Centre for Telecommunication Research and Innovation, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, MALAYSIA
Published: January 2024

A triple-band metamaterial perfect absorber was introduced. The single and simple structure based on gold-bar shaped was designed on the 0.018λ Taconic TLY-5. The gold-bar shaped was designed horizontal initially was then being rotated anti-clockwise from0oto 90oto analyze and understand the change of absorption graph. Dual-band perfect metamaterial absorber was achieved at 45o. The fundamental and third harmonic magnetic resonances caused the low and high frequency peaks, respectively. Then, the gold-bar shaped was slotted at both end to create triple-band metamaterial perfect absorber. The slotted gold-bar shaped was evaluated in three absorption peaks: 99.94%, 99.88% and 99.66% at 3.98 GHz, 4.81 GHz and 5.33 GHz, respectively. This, however, moved to the 3.96 GHz, 4.80 GHz and 5.33 GHz with absorbency 99.79%, 99.95% and 99.90% for the measured structure. Both simulated and measure results were achieved absorbency over 99%, which was almost perfect absorption (≈100%). These properties are expected to beused in real-world applications such as satellite and radar communications transmission, particularly in lowering radar cross-section for stealth applications.
Cytotoxicity of HA-TCP Scaffold on Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells using MTT Assay
Authors:   Hang Tuah University, JI. Arief Rahman Hakim, No.150, Surabaya, 60111, INDONESIA, Ariestania Vivin , Hendrijantini Nike ,   Airlangga University,JI. Mayjen Prof. Dr. MoestopoNo.47, Surabaya, 60132, INDONESIA, Prahasanti Chiquita ,   Airlangga University,JI. Mayjen Prof. Dr. MoestopoNo.47, Surabaya, 60132, INDONESIA, Prasetyo Eric ,   Airlangga University,JI. Mayjen Prof. Dr. MoestopoNo.47, Surabaya, 60132, INDONESIA, Kuntjoro Mefina ,   Airlangga University,JI. Mayjen Prof. Dr. MoestopoNo.47, Surabaya, 60132, INDONESIA, Sari Rima Parwati ,   Hang Tuah University,JI. Arief Rahman Hakim, No.150, Surabaya, 60111, INDONESIA, Maharani Aulia Dwi ,   Hang Tuah University,JI. Arief Rahman Hakim, No.150, Surabaya, 60111, INDONESIA
Published: January 2024

Hydroxyapatite-tricalcium phosphate (HA-TCP) scaffold is a three-dimensional structure used to support bone regeneration. Ideally, the scaffold should be biocompatible, biodegradable, and non-toxic. The tissue engineering technique uses a combined stem cell and scaffold to repair the bone defect. To prove the non-toxic properties of the scaffold, a cytotoxicity test is needed for the human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (HUCMSCs). In this study, 27 samples were divided into eight groups with a variantof scaffold HA-TCP doses ranging from 5–1000 μg. Each treatment group of scaffolds was covered in HUCMSCs. The samples were added by methyl-thiazol-tetrazolium (MTT) colorimetric assay, counted using an optical density (OD) formula, and observed by a microplate reader. The viability of the cells was observed by an inverted TMS microscope with 100x magnification. The MTT assay’s test shows that the HUCMSCs cell viability shed each variant of HA-TCP scaffold dose, did not show any toxic effect. The higher the OD value, the higher the viability. It has been found that there is no significant difference between the variable scaffold doses to the percentage viability of umbilical cord cells
Evaluating The Effects of Signal Control Applications on Roundabout’s LOS Performance Using VISSIM Microsimulation Model
Authors:   Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, MALAYSIA, M. R. Kabit , W. Y. Chiew ,   Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, MALAYSIA, A. Chai ,   Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, MALAYSIA, L. S. Tirau ,   Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, MALAYSIA, Z. Bujang ,   Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, MALAYSIA
Published: January 2024

The existence of unbalanced and high traffic flows at roundabout have resulted in poor performance and safety concerns. Past research has shown that applications of signal control at problematic roundabouts had significantly improved its Level of Service (LOS) performance. This study investigates the effects of different signal phasing plans on the roundabout’s LOS performance using VISSIM microsimulation model. The findings revealed that both Approach-Signal-Control Roundabout ACSR and Two-Stop-Line Control Signalized Roundabout TSLSR signal phasing methods did not significantly improve the roundabout’s entry capacities. Partial signal control applications, however, have resulted in a significant reduction in vehicle delays and higher entry capacities. The results of this study provide a good overview to local traffic practitioners on how to evaluate and implement the signal control strategy at problematic roundabouts.
Compressive Strength, Temperature Performance and Shrinkage of Concrete Containing Metakaolin
Authors:   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Johor, MALAYSIA, A. Mansour Mohammed , Ismail Mohd Hanif ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Johor, MALAYSIA, A. Majid Masni ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Johor, MALAYSIA, Md Noor Nurazuwa ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Johor, MALAYSIA, Deraman Rafikullah ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Johor, MALAYSIA
Published: January 2024

The influence of metakaolin (MK) on concrete was investigated as a partial replacement of cement, which is liable for high content of CO2 emission during the manufacturing process. The study aimed to assess the compressive strength, temperature performance and drying shrinkage of MK blended concrete. Different ratios of MK (5%, 10%, and 15%) as cement replacement, and two ratios of superplasticizer (SP), 1.5%, and 2% as cement weight were utilized in this study. The results indicated that using MK increased the compressive strength at 28¬ day. The improvement of strength is ascribed to the pozzolanic reaction and the packing effect of fine MK particles. MK blended concrete experienced a decrease in the temperature rise of heat of hydration (HOH) and low drying shrinkage when compared to the control concrete. The SP ratio does not have significant effect on the temperature of the concrete mixtures: however, using 1.5% SP slightly reduces the drying shrinkage of MK blended concrete compared to 2% SP. In conclusion, Incorporation of MK as partial cement substitute enhances the concrete strength, thus various types of concrete can be produced. Low temperature and drying shrinkage of MK blended concrete help in reducing thermal crack after casting process.
Study of Ammonia-Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Parit Rasipan Canal During the Wet Season
Authors:   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Johor, MALAYSIA, Hamdan Rafidah , Miswan Muhammad Safwan ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Johor, MALAYSIA, Edros Nur Wani ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Johor, MALAYSIA, Ab. Aziz Nur Adila ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Johor, MALAYSIA, Siddiqui Zuhaib ,   Western Sydney University, NSW 2750, AUSTRALIA
Published: January 2024

The Parit Rasipan Canal's deteriorating water quality and eutrophication are both blamed on ammonia-nitrogen and phosphorus. In order to conserve freshwater resources, it is crucial to understand the relationship between land use and water quality. It is also crucial to evaluate how land use affects the pollutants load. In this study, eutrophication along the Parit Rasipan drainage system will be identified, water quality will be investigated in terms of phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen concentration and classified according to land use type during the wet season, and ammonia-nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations will be compared with Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). At a specific location along the Parit Rasipan drainage system, samples were taken. The USEPA PhosVer 3 (Method 8190) and Nessler's Method (Method 8038) were used, respectively, to measure phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen. Ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus final effluent concentrations ranged from 3.21 mg/L to 5.96 mg/L and 0.36 mg/L to 1.55 mg/L, respectively. The residential area's water, on the other hand, had significant concentrations of ammonia, nitrogen, and phosphorus, which contributed to eutrophication in the wake of industrial, agricultural, and farming activities.
The Effect of Inner Duct on Aerodynamic Noise of an Outside Rear View Mirror
Authors:   University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Zulhazmi Ammar Naim , Mustaffa Norrizal ,   University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Published: January 2024

Vehicle outside rear view mirror is one of the parts that produce aerodynamic noise. When the airflow gets contact with the body, aerodynamic noise produced as well as vibration noises caused by friction between air and the body. The study focused on the aerodynamic noise of vehicle outside rear view mirror produced during cruising or speeding. This research aims to analyze sound pressure level reduction by using different design of outside rear view mirror. SOLIDWORKS and ANSYS FLUENT computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation were used to design outside rear view mirror and analyze the aerodynamic noise. Boundary condition analysis and 3D modelling geometry were used as the method to conduct this project. This study involved two different outside rear view mirror designs which are the reference design and inner duct design. Each mirror was tested with 3 vehicle speeds: 110 km/h, 130 km/h and 150 km/h. Analysis shows that inner duct outside rear view mirror has lower sound pressure level produced compared to reference outside rear view mirror. An average, inner duct outside rear view mirror has 39.47 % noise reduction while reference outside rear view mirror has lower noise reduction which is 22.03 %. This can be concluded that inner duct outside rear view mirror is better design to reduce air resistance, surface area contacts and sound pressure level.
Crisis Studies of The Discourse of Identity Politics in Indonesia from The Perspective of Asabiyah Ibn Khaldun
Authors: Pramono Muhamad Fajar , Latief Mohammad , Putri Humaira Agam
Published: January 2024

This paper critically analyzes Indonesia's discourse on identity politics through Ibn Khaldun's theory of asabiyah (social solidarity). It aims to diagnose issues surrounding the weaponization of identity for political ends that have polarized society and eroded unity. A qualitative approach scrutinizes empirical evidence on divisive identity politics before theoretically examining it via asabiyah. Recent history shows Indonesian identity politics exacerbating intergroup intolerance and discrimination by fracturing communities along ethnic and religious lines for power consolidation, violating asabiyah's emphasis on cohesion. However, moderate identity politics can enable democratic representation of societal diversity. Moving forward requires recalibrating identity discourse by fostering the unifying religious and nationalist solidarity underpinning asabiyah to balance inherent identity affiliations with preserving pluralistic national harmony.
Genetic diversity of momsky horse population: analysis using microsatellite markers
Authors: Alferov I. , Ivanov R. , Slepsov Е. , Vinokurov I. , Fedorova Р. , Savvinova М.
Published: January 2024

This article examines the genetic diversity of Momsky horses using seventeen microsatellite markers. The analysis revealed that the average locus polymorphism level was 3.384 units, while the AHT4 locus showed the highest polymorphism. Different loci had varying numbers of effectively acting alleles. There was an excess of total alleles over the number of effectively acting alleles by more than 1.5 times, indicating significant genetic variability in the population of Momsky horses. The study confirmed significant heterozygosity variation at both the overall sample level and for individual loci. Certain loci exhibited a deficiency of heterozygotes, while others demonstrated a predominance of observed heterozygosity over expected heterozygosity. The LEX3 locus had the lowest level of observed heterozygosity (0.312), while the AHT4 locus showed the highest level (0.844) of expected heterozygosity. Data analysis also enabled the determination of the equilibrium distribution of heterozygotes. Five loci - HMS1, CA425, HTG6, VHL20, ASB17 - had a distribution of heterozygotes close to equilibrium, while seven loci displayed a deficiency of heterozygotes. The most pronounced deficiency of heterozygotes was observed in the LEX3 locus. The remaining loci showed varying degrees of dominance of observed heterozygosity over expected heterozygosity. The importance of genetic diversity in horse populations is emphasized, particularly in the context of breeding programs. Maintaining a certain level of genetic diversity plays a crucial role in population adaptation to changing environmental conditions and ensures long-term survival.
Development of model of flotation combine with integrated continuous granular filter
Authors:   Bauman Moscow State Technical University (National Research University), Baurov A.A.
Published: January 2024

The analysis of prospects for the use of flotation combines in technological schemes of wastewater treatment has been carried out. This purification method is based on the use of physical-chemical processes such as flotation and filtration. A constructive scheme of the flotation combine with an integrated continuous granular filter is proposed. The possibilities of using a pneumatic-hydraulic aeration system are considered.
•	Evolution of aluminum grain boundaries during isothermal annealing
Authors:   Institute of Solid State Physics, RAS, Sursaeva V.G.
Published: January 2024

Using an example of textured aluminum foils, the possibilities of using the reflected electron diffraction method for in situ studies of the behavior of grain boundaries during isothermal annealing have been experimentally demonstrated. It is shown that there is no homogeneity of the microstructure in space and no continuity of its change in time during grain growth. The experimentally discovered rotation of the crystal lattice near the grain boundary in the region of a thermal etching groove can have a retarding effect on the movement of the boundary.
Navigating Evolution of the Public Perceptions on Educational Equity: A Comprehensive Exploration Using Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Kim Seungman , Lee Jaehoon , Song Woonyoung , Lee Sohyun
Published: January 2024

Promoting educational equity, crucial for boosting achievement among diverse students and reducing inequality, remains a persistent issue despite longstanding efforts. This study analyzes Twitter data from 2016 to 2022, exploring changes in public perceptions of educational equity. Tweet frequency concerning key topics first rose, peaked in 2019, and then dwindled by 2022. Despite an overall neutral public sentiment indicating an ambivalent stance, a subjective shift occurred over time. These findings offer meaningful implications and suggestions for stakeholders, including educators, policymakers, and social leaders, underscoring the need for a renewed focus on enhancing educational equity.
*S(ъ)varogъ
Authors:   Masaryk University, Blažek Václav
Published: January 2024

The article summarizes the existing etymological attempts to explain the Slavic theonym *S(ъ)varogъ. Two attempts (1, 2) operate with inner-Slavic etymologies, although the first one could represent a calque on the Iranian theonym Miθra-. The etymologies 3, 4 , 5 are directly based on assumption of adaptation (Indo-) Iranian sacral terms. The solution 5 is quite new – it offers the interpretation of the hypothetical Iranian archetype as „morning-maker“
Dialect additions to some Slav. etymologies
Authors:   Vinogradov Russian Language Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Varbot Zhanna
Published: January 2024

Slav. dialectisms presented in the article are additions to some before published author’s etymologies. Russ. dial. arkhang. зау́к ‘territory between houses or partitions or stove and wall’ to Pr.-Sl. *zaǫkъ based on volog. зау́к ‘grassy territory between trees’, from Pr.-Sl. *ęk- /ǫk- ‘bent’. Russ. dial. belomor. вонолá ‘sapwood’ (if *volona) to Pr.-Sl. *bolna ‘sapwood’ < *obvolna as derivative from Pr.-Sl. *vьlati / *valiti ‘flow’ (> *vьlna). Russ. dial. спорáть ‘plouch’ to PR.-Sl. *parъ ‘fallow’ as derivative from *porti ‘cut’. Russ. dial. вару́ля ‘loafer’ to Russ. ворóна ‘loafer’, проворóнить (dial. проворони́ть) ‘overlook’ and Czech. dial. vraniti ‘gape’ as metaphorisation of Pr.Sl *vôrna ‘funnel’ and accent mixing with *vórna ‘crow’ (Варбот 1987: 234–236; Варбот 2012: 550–551). Bulg. dial. elen. запъ̀ ршен ‘beautiful’ as derivative from пъ̀ рша се ‘bristle wool, feathers’ is semantics parallel to author’s reconstruction of East Sl. *хоrošьjь ‘beautiful’ (> ‘with positive qualities’) as derivative from хорох, хорохы ‘rags’ and хорохориться dial. ‘bristle up (about huns)’ >‘arrogate, brave’.