bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ASSESSING THE STRENGTH AND WEAKNESS OF THE GHANAIAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
Authors: Arthur-Aidoo Bernard Martin , Ansary Nazeem , Aigbavboa Clinton
Published: February 2020

Ghana as a developing nation located in the sub-Saharan Africa is characterised by its favourable political atmosphere and stable economy to do business. The country needs infrastructure development in order to satisfy both the economic and social development requirements of its economy. The construction industry, however, is a vital sector of the economy that addresses the socio-economic development needs of every country. This paper, therefore, seeks to assess the strength and weakness of the industry. The study as solely qualitative supported by an extensive review of literature via a desk-top study was embarked which captured the use of existing journal publications, government white papers, and gazette among others. The study revealed that the construction industry in Ghana is an important sector which creates employment which tends to reduce poverty to a larger extent. Also, the collaboration of the construction industry with other sectors do as well increases the gross domestic product of the economy and brings about entire growth in the economy. Similarly, the study revealed that the industry is posed with constraints which are categorised as weakness. These include access to credit facilities, a long span of control, employee management and corruption among others. The study, therefore, recommends the establishment of a construction industry development board that in Ghana to supersede all the activities of the industry in order to promote, maintain a high standard construction industry to the Ghanaian economy and society.
STATISTICAL TESTING TECHNIQUE FOR COMPARISON MACHINE LEARNING MODELS PERFORMANCE
Authors: Fedorenko Yu. S.
Published: February 2020

The statistical testing technique is considered to compare the metrics values of machine learning models on a test set. Since the values of metrics depend not only on the models, but also on the data, it may turn out that different models are the best on different test sets. For this reason, the traditional approach to comparing the values of metrics on a test set is often not enough. Sometimes a statistical comparison of the results obtained on the basis of cross-validation is used, but in this case it is impossible to guarantee the independence of the obtained measurements, which does not allow the use of the Student's t-test. There are criteria that do not require independent measurements, but they have less power. For additive metrics, a technique is proposed in this paper, when a test sample is divided into N parts, on each of which the values of the metrics are calculated. Since the value on each part is obtained as the sum of independent random variables, according to the central limit theorem, the obtained metrics values on each of the N parts are realizations of the normally distributed random variable. To estimate the required sample size, it is proposed to use normality tests and build quantile– quantile plots. You can then use a modification of the Student's t-test to conduct a statistical test comparing the mean values of the metrics. A simplified approach is also considered, in which confidence intervals are built for the base model. A model whose metric values do not fall into this interval works differently from the base model. This approach reduces the amount of computations needed, however, an experimental analysis of the binary cross-entropy metric for CTR (Click-Through Rate) prediction models showed that it is more rough than the first one.
The problem of migration security in the current case-law of the CJEU – the perspective of Member States
Authors: Kosińska Anna Magdalena
Published: February 2020

The article analyzes the post-crisis CJEU case-law in the area of migration security of the Member States. Due to the escalation of the migration crisis in 2015, the European Union has been facing new challenges in migration management. The case-law of the CJEU, especially issued in the procedure of the so-called questions referred for a preliminary ruling, constitutes a certain benchmark for the problems, which the Member States need to deal with in the area of guaranteeing safety. In accordance with the research method adopted for the purpose of the current study, the Court of Justice has a real possibility of shaping the standards of migration security in the area of asylum and return policies through its case-law. What is more, within the field of EU migration law and migration policies, there exists a migration security priority, in accordance with which it is necessary to provide the highest level of security to all the actors of migration processes, i.e. both the very migrants, as well as the receiving society. This principle should be applied at the level of legislative processes and also in the area of the implementation of legal norms. As a result of the conducted analysis of the case-law of the CJEU, the four basic areas with regard to the migration security of the Member States have been identified.
Habilitación y obsolescencia de marcadores discursivos
Authors: Ridruejo Emilio
Published: February 2020

The starting hypothesis of the article is that the discursive operators of Spanish have not been enabled by grammaticalization processes identical to those of other grammatical components (such as verbal or nominal morphemes or prepositions and conjunctions), since there has been no reduction in the functional scope nor a total bleaching, so that its link with the original lexical items has not disappeared. The consequence is that markers are not integrated into paradigms as closed as grammatical paradigms and both their obsolescence and their renewal, therefore, follow similar patterns to what happens in the evolution of the lexicon. This hypothesis is tried to verify in the article by means of the examination of some discursive markers that, having been used diachronically in Spanish, have been abandoned ina relatively short time.
La selección modal en las cláusulas adverbiales introducidas por como si
Authors: Nowikow Wiaczesław
Published: February 2020

The conjunction como si select usually in the subordinated adverbial clauses (modal, conditional and comparative) the tenses of the subjunctive mood cantara / cantase and hubiera / hubiese cantado. However in some papers is mentioned the possibility of the construction of como si with the tenses of indicative mood. This paper contains the analysis of the modal selection after como si and, particularly, the possible substitution of subjunctive by the indicative tenses. The analyses is realized on the ground of the corpus of Real Academia Española (CORPES XXI, CREA, CREA. Versión anotada).
Un ejemplo de rentabilidad comunicativa en la sintaxis del español: los grupos complementarios
Authors: Jiménez Juliá Tomás
Published: February 2020

Coordination has been described far more rigidly than its actual usage shows. This paper describes cases of coordination structures in Spanish that break with some commonly held ideas and show that the search for communicative efficiency in languages rises above rigid formal rules.
Mecanismos de encapsulación nominal en la prensa informativa: estudio contrastivo polaco-español
Authors: Bień Janusz
Published: February 2020

Nominal encapsulators, also referred to by other terms coined in the Spanish tradition (discursive labels), are textual cohesion devices, frequently used in journalistic discourse to condense and summarize the predicative contents of a sentence or a textual sequence. These nominal units (nouns or syntagms) can synthesize texts of different length or even refer to discontinuous fragments. Apart from performing this very basic function founded on the discursive economy of the journalistic genre, the nominal encapsulators allow the author to recategorize the content of the encapsulated segment through different evaluative modifiers and therefore to obtain either a negative or a positive perception of the message by the reader. Given an apparent lack of research on the subject on encapsulation devoted tomore than one language, our purpose is to carry out a contrastive analysis of the said phenomenon in Spanish and Polish in order to juxtapose the values and the frequency of usage of encapsulators with certain characteristics of both languages. Some formal as well as pragmatic and semantic features of nominal devices are thus analysed, namely their encapsulating mechanism, their degree of modification and some of their discursive functions.
La herencia de las Sententiae de Publilio Siro en las paremias españolas en torno a la avaricia
Authors: Pascual-López Xavier
Published: February 2020

The aim of this paper is to present the Spanish proverbs related to the topic of greed that can be understood as a continuation of Publilius Syrus’ sentences. For the analysis are taken into account the contributions of two Hellenistic philosophical schools (Stoicism and Epicureanism), which illuminate the scope of the criticism of greed that occurs in these proverbs, both from a psychological as a social point of view. Latin sentences and Spanish proverbs are compared according to their formal or semantic continuity, as well as depending on other aspects (such as the tone or prosodic issues).
20. YÜZYILDA TOPLUMSAL DİNAMİKLERİN İŞLETMELERİN YÖNETİM UYGULAMALARI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: SİNEMA SANATINDA YÖNETİM VE SİSTEM ELEŞTİRİLERİ ÜZERİNE TARİHSEL BİR İNCELEME
Authors: DOĞAN Binali , ÖZDEMİRCİ Ata
Published: February 2020

Bu makale, 20. yüzyıl boyunca işletmelerin yönetim uygulamalarında yaşanan değişimlerin toplumsal temellerini araştırmaktadır. Araştırmada, toplumsal dinamiklerin tarihsel analizini yapabilmek için popüler kültür ürünü olan sinema sanatına başvurulmuş, popülerlik kriterini karşılayan 250 film arasından toplam 19 film eleştirel yapıları ve dönemlerini yansıtma dereceleri göz önüne alınarak seçilmiş ve içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Filmlerin içeriğinde yer alan tarihsel göstergelere, toplumsal dinamiklere ve işletmelerle ilgili söylemlere öncelik verilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, neden sonuç ilişkisi kurmaktan çok işletme yönetimi alanında yaşanan değişimlerin arka planının açığa çıkarılmasına ve dönem analizlerinin daha sağlıklı yapılmasına yardımcı olmuştur.
TÜKETİCİ DAVRANIŞI TEMELİNE GÖRE MARKA DEĞERİNİN ÖLÇÜLMESİNE YÖNELİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: MARANGOZ Mehmet
Published: February 2020

Marka değeri hem akademik çalışmalar hem de işletme yöneticileri açısından önemli bir kavramdır. Çünkü günümüzde marka/markalar önemli bir rekabet aracıdır. Bir işletmenin sahip olduğu markanın değerinin yüksek olması bir çok açıdan ona rekabetçi üstünlükler sağlamaktadır. Marka değeri, marka ismiyle zaman içerisinden oluşan bir değerdir. Marka değeri, ya finansal yöntemler kullanılarak ya da tüketici davranışları temel alınarak ya da bunu iki yöntem birlikte kullanılarak ölçülmektedir. Bu çalışma ile, tüketici temeline göre marka değeri otomobil kullanıcıları/sahipleri üzerinde yapılan bir anket çalışması ile ölçülmüştür. Elde edilen sonuçların genellikle marka değerini olumlu yönde etkilediği söylenebilir.
REKLAMLARDA RETORİK FİGÜRLERİN KULLANIMI
Authors: BATI Uğur
Published: February 2020

Retorik figürleri ilk olarak Eski Yunan filozofları Aristo ve Quintillion tarafından tanımlanmıştır. Bir retorik figürü, ifadede gerçekleştirilmiş ‘sanatsal olarak yapılandırılmış bir sapma’yı ifade etmektedir. Retorik disiplininin ana ilgi alanı, verili durumlarda ifadenin en etkili biçimde nasıl aktarılabileceğinin bulunmasıdır. Reklamcılıkta sıklıkla görülen retorik figürleri şunlardır: eğreltileme (dolaylı benzerlik), düzdeğişmece (ilgili atıflar), kişileştirme (objelere ve cansız, varlıklara insanlara ait nitelikler yüklemek), cinas (benzer sesler veya anlamlar aracılığıyla nükteli kelime oyunları). Reklamcılık teorisinde, retorik ürün, müşteri ve metin/imaj arasında karşılıklı ilişkiler geliştirir. Retorik figürleri reklamlarda sıklıkla görülmesine rağmen, retorik teknikleri reklamlarda farklılaştırılmamış, düzensiz ve bütünleştirilin emiştir. Bu makalede amaçlanan, reklam dilinde kullanılan retorik yapılarının anlaşılmasına kavramsal ve sistematik bir katkıda bulunmaktır.
Firewater Monitor Trajectories Based on Jet Expansion and Dynamic Breakup Model
Authors: Shang Wenqian , Liu Xintian , Zhang Minghui , Qu Yang , Wang Yansong
Published: February 2020

The primary objective of this study was to establish a model for predicting the jet trajectory of a firewater monitor. The jet trajectory is mainly affected by its own gravity and air resistance, and the magnitude of the air resistance changes with the cross-sectional area of the jet. The model is established by combining air resistance changes and breakup theory, and the factors affecting the location of jet trajectory are studied. The accuracy and reliability of the model is verified by comparative analysis of theoretical simulation data and experimental data. The error between the prediction and experimental data that can be maintained is about 10 % on average, which can meet the engineering application requirements. In addition, the shape of the jet and analyses of the causes of shape asymmetry are discussed.
Political economy of fair trade and development theory: implications in the Costa Rican coffee market (1990-2017)
Authors: Ugalde Hernandez Oscar
Published: February 2020

Con respecto de sus fundamentos, las iniciativas del comercio justo experimentaron una metamorfosis entre la década de 1940 y finales de la década de 1980.  A través de las escuelas de pensamiento icónicas de la dependencia y del "desarrollo del subdesarrollo", la evolución de la teoría del desarrollo ha formado los principios y supuestos del comercio justo. A pesar de que estas escuelas de pensamiento cuestionan los supuestos de los mercados neoliberales, su intención de cambiar el sistema de comercio mundial y su intercambio desigual fue el resultado de una aplicación limitada de las relaciones sociales de producción en lugar de las relaciones económicas de intercambio.  Estos factores, además del papel declinante del Estado en el desarrollo a finales de la década de 1980, el colapso de la Unión Soviética, y la contrarrevolución neoliberal a inicios de la década de 1990, llevaron al movimiento del comercio justo a redireccionar su enfoque.

El resurgimiento de las fuerzas neoliberales a inicios de la década de 1990, llevó a la red del comercio justo (lo que quedó del movimiento originado en la década de 1940) a implementar estrategias amigables con la filosofía de mercado para posicionarse mejor dentro del mercado dominante internacionalmente. A pesar de que la revolución neoliberal llevó al renacimiento de la red de comercio justo, esto no significa que la red haya perdido su sentido original de precios justos e intercambio justo, o su lealtad a los países del Sur Global. Su nueva realidad es prometedora, pero su nueva “dependencia” en enfoques amigables con el mercado puede también moldear su raison d’être.
ВЕКТОРИ ПОГЛИБЛЕННЯ ФІНАНСОВОЇ ДЕЦЕНТРАЛІЗАЦІЇ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: ВОЛОХОВА Ірина
Published: February 2020

Досягнення економічної ефективності виробництва та надання суспільних благ вимагають проведення фінансової децентралізації, яка у свою чергу, дозволяє збільшити ступінь задоволення потреб населення суспільними благами, на що, безперечно, впливають регіональні та місцеві особливості. Фінансова децентралізація передбачає створення відповідної фінансової основи для регіонального і місцевого самоврядування. Проте тільки перелік фінансових ресурсів, що її формують, не доводить існування регіонального та місцевого самоврядування. Необхідно дослідити структуру фінансових ресурсів, останні тенденції її зміни, розкрити проблеми у фінансовому забезпеченні органів місцевого самоврядування, а також визначити основні вектори поглиблення фінансової децентралізації в Україні.Власна дохідна база місцевих бюджетів істотно зросла з 2015 р., проте перелік місцевих податків та зборів був розширений без відповідного збільшення податкових повноважень органів місцевого самоврядування. У доходах місцевих бюджетів поступово зменшився обсяг загальнодержавних податків та зборів, які було компенсовано збільшенням питомої ваги міжбюджетних трансфертів, зокрема субвенцій. Це гальмує процеси фінансової децентралізації. Поглиблення фінансової децентралізації можє відбуватися, коли вектором зміцнення фінансової бази місцевого самоврядування буде вирішення таких основних завдань: забезпечення органів місцевого самоврядування закріпленими доходами та міжбюджетними трансфертами в обсягу, необхідному для фінансування виконання делегованих повноважень; розширення переліку та збільшення частки місцевих податків та зборів, що відповідають теоретичним вимогам щодо доцільності їх надання в розпорядження місцевих органів влади; зменшення питомої ваги міжбюджетних трансфертів у доходах місцевих бюджетів;удосконалення механізму надання місцевим бюджетам міжбюджетних трансфертів з державного бюджету України переважно через використання загальних міжбюджетних трансфертів (дотацій);сприяння завершенню процесу формування об’єднаних територіальних громад.Це поглибить фінансову децентралізацію, додатково наповнить місцеві бюджети фінансовими ресурсами, сприятиме розвитку місцевого оподаткування, надасть органам місцевого самоврядування більшої фінансової автономії.
NEET – НОВЕ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНЕ ЯВИЩЕ
Authors: ЛИПЧУК Василь
Published: February 2020

Проблема молодого покоління є однією з ключових у кожному суспільстві. В Україні вона набуває особливої значущості з огляду на посилення демографічної кризи, старіння населення та міграцію молоді. У сукупності негативних явищ поширення останнім часом набуває проблема, пов’язана з молоддю, яка не вчиться, не працює і не бажає вчитися або працювати. Ця категорія молоді у світовій практиці дістала назву NEET (not in employment, education or training). Саме потреба викликати інтерес науковців і практиків, усього суспільства до цього явища, яке може, без перебільшення, мати катастрофічні соціально-економічні наслідки для України, і стала основною метою статті. Дослідження проведено трьома окремими методами: аналізу існуючих даних (desk research); анкетного комп’ютерного (CAPI) та індивідуального (IDI) опитування; на основі літературного огляду.З’ясовано сутність поняття NEET як явища та категорії молодих людей, котрі не працюють як з власної волі, так і через те, що, незважаючи на свої зусилля, не можуть знайти роботу і бути зайнятими. Виокремлено п’ять груп молодих осіб з розглядуваної категорії, подано критерії їх ідентифікації. Оцінено стан даного явища, на підставі відомостей зарубіжних дослідників та власних спостережень виявлено основні причини появи, поширення та наслідки цього явища. Особливу увагу приділено окремим рекомендаціям щодо обмеження його поширення в Україні. З цією метою наведено стратегії та програми, які набули практичного застосування в країнах Європейського Союзу.
ЧАСТКА ВИТРАТ НА ХАРЧУВАННЯ ЯК ПОКАЗНИК ДОБРОБУТУ СУСПІЛЬСТВА
Authors: ЯРИМ-АГАЄВ Олександр , ПИЛИПЕНКО Олена
Published: February 2020

Розглянуто залежність між часткою витрат на харчування в сукупних витратах домогосподарств і рівнем добробуту суспільства. Як показник частки витрат взято відношення витрат на «харчування вдома» до сукупних споживчих витрат або середньодушового доходу. Джерелом інформації є дані систем національних рахунків. Дослідження проводилося методами горизонтального і вертикального перетину. При використанні методу горизонтального перетину здійснювалися порівняння співвідношень часток витрат на продукти харчування і середньодушового валового внутрішнього доходу за паритетом купівельної спроможності за один часовий період по 46 країнах. При використанні методу вертикального перетину (часового ряду) порівнювалося співвідношення між частками витрат на харчування і рівнями сукупних споживчих витрат за тривалий період (70 років). Установлено, що між рівнем добробуту і рівнем витрат на продукти харчування існує щільний зв’язок, причому рівень достовірності є вищим при проведенні дослідження методом часового ряду. Запропоновані степенева і логарифмічна моделі забезпечують високий рівень достовірності. Розглянуто причини відхилення показників по деяких країнах, виявлено країни з аномальним рівнем показника частки витрат на харчування. Фактичні показники частки витрат на продукти харчування в Україні з високою точністю відповідають модельним показникам. Оцінено еластичність попиту на продукти харчування за рівня середньодушового доходу, вищого за середній. Установлено, що значення коефіцієнта еластичності попиту за доходом не перевищує 0,1 для країн з високим рівнем добробуту, що означає дуже низьку еластичність попиту, починаючи з певного рівня доходу. Отримані результати дозволяють обґрунтувати можливості використання показника частки витрат на продукти харчування в сукупних витратах як критерію рівня добробуту суспільства.
The ring delamination between bodies under the action of heat sinks distributed along a circle
Authors: Mykytyn Maryana , Serednytska Kristina , Monastyrskyy Bohdan , Martynyak Rostyslav
Published: February 2020

The frictionless contact an elastic half-space and a rigid thermo-insulated base with a local delamination between them on a ring domain under the action of heat sinks distributed uniformly along a circle and located in the half-space some distance away from its surface, is considered. The corresponding contact thermos-elasticity problem is reduced to a singular integral equation for a height of a ring gap. The solution of the singular integral equation and the internal and external radius of the ring are numerically determined using the method of collocation and the method of successive approximations. The dependence of the form of gap and normal contact stresses on the distance between the heat sinks and the surface of the half-space and the intensity of the heat sink are analyzed.
Epiglottitis Associated With Intermittent E-cigarette Use: The Vagaries of Vaping Toxicity
Authors: Bozzella Michael J. , Magyar Matthew , DeBiasi Roberta L. , Ferrer Kathleen
Published: February 2020

An adolescent female patient presenting with subacute onset of dysphagia and hoarseness underwent a direct laryngoscopy, which revealed epiglottitis. After 2 hospitalizations and multiple consultations and biopsies, all infectious testing results for viral, bacterial, fungal, and acid-fast bacilli etiologies were negative. The patient’s use of electronic cigarettes was the only exposure elicited with a likely role in her presentation. This case, combined with the growing body of evidence revealing the toxic effects of vaping and the increasing use of electronic cigarettes among adolescent patients, highlights the many unknowns and risks regarding the biological effects of this practice.
Community «soviet people» as the universal political identity of the Soviet Citizens
Authors: Лавриненко Г. А.
Published: February 2020

The article includes multivariate approaches to the interpretation of definitions identification and identity. Differentiation these concepts based on the conclusion that identity is understood as a certain state of the end result of self-identification. And by identification is meant the process that leads to identity as a state and is an identification of oneself with another person. Also we clarified the definition of political identification as a process of becoming an individual’s perception of himself and his place in the world. The study characterized the significance of the manifestation of a two-stage identity and antinomy structure in the process of political identification of society. In addition, the research assessed the impact of the political regime on identification capabilities. For example, in a democracy identification is translational, in an authoritarianism identification can be restricted by the state or imposed by leadership and influence groups. Under totalitarianism the state empowers itself to exercise a decisive collective choice in matters of political identification of the population without receiving their official consent and disregarding their preference. Moreover, the investigation considered in detail the process of forming a Soviet society based on the creation of a new historical community of the «Soviet people» as a supranational construct. The advantage of research is in detection of number of measures which used by the Soviet authorities concerning identify the «Soviet people» for the consolidation and unification of the population of the country (creation of a new format of Soviet schools and public movements characterized by ideological indoctrination and fostering devotion to the Soviet state, the restoration of symbiosis in a heterogeneous society through the territorial distribution of young professionals and men for military service, the formation of centers of interethnic contacts, relaying of unifying discourse through the media, creating «single national farms»). In the context of the study of the causes of the collapse of the USSR, we found that ignoring differences and forced identification, which was imposed by the ideological top of the USSR, only delayed the confrontation process both within society and with the political leadership of the country. Also, we have characterized causal relationship between compulsory identification and the collapse of the USSR. To sum up we can say that universalism in the approach to the formation of new supranational constructs without taking into account the universal system-forming factors of the nation has shown its non-viability in the long-term development of society and the state. As a result the historical community artificially created, which was based on forced collectivization and on proclaimed «cult of the people», and later on propagation didn`t become a viable social formation, which gave rise to a further crisis of identification, which provoked the growth of national-democratic tendencies.
Foreign experience of forming an effective model of interaction between public authorities and local self-government on the example of the French Republic
Authors: Полянська Я. В.
Published: February 2020

В статье рассматривается перечень проблемных вопросов и положительных результатов, достигнутых Французской Республикой в ​​ходе реализации административной реформы. Анализируются особенности функционирования модельных отношений между органами государственной власти и местного самоуправления в контексте успешной реализации реформы децентрализации.Рассмотрены современная модель и основные элементы административно-территориального устройства Франции: коммуна (основное звено), департамент и регион. Обособлено наличие промежуточных уровней, к которым относятся уезды, кантоны и межмуниципальные объединения. Проведен качественный анализ компетенций и полномочий органов государственной власти и местного самоуправления Франции на каждом уровне. Специфическая роль межмуниципальных союзов была определена как эффективный инструмент для решения вопросов местной компетенции, общих для нескольких общин. Было выявлено четкое разделение полномочий и компетенций между всеми иерархическими уровнями власти Французской Республики.Проведено сравнение функций и полномочий органов государственной власти и местного самоуправления на базовом, промежуточном и региональном уровнях административно-территориального устройства Украины и Франции. Показано использование инструментов социально-экономического развития территорий, заимствованных во Франции. Значительный опыт Франции в проведении реформы децентрализации был принят во внимание, и был выявлен ряд успешных и позитивных практик, которые позволят разделить полномочия, компетенции и обязанности между центральными и местными органами власти. Ряд конкретных инструментов был предложен для улучшения экономических отношений между органами государственной власти и местного самоуправления в Украине с целью установления эффективного двустороннего диалога и разработки обновленной модели взаимодействия.
The relationship of urbanization with the formation and implementation of public health policy in Ukraine
Authors: Деміхов О. І.
Published: February 2020

The purpose of the research is to study and find out the modern foreign technologies of public health policy in the context of the impact of urbanization processes, to explore the possibilities of implementation of best practices in Ukraine.Materials. Peculiarities of public health policy implementation in developed countries in the context of population density increase and agglomeration expansion are described in the article. The study is based on the analysis of statistics, publications in the media and scientific articles. The comparative statistical analysis of the countries of the world on the incidence of the incidence of different species and the correlation of these processes with the urbanization dynamics is made in the article. Expert assessments of UN and World Health Organization experts on processes of concentration of population around the world, deterioration of living conditions, quality of health, morbidity and appropriate prevention, promotion of healthy lifestyle and quality control of goods, works and services for the population are given in the article. Particular emphasis is placed on the environmental problems of densely populated areas, including through the proliferation of motor vehicles, substandard housing and uncontrolled industrial emissions. The connection of the dynamics of urbanization with the increase of the sedentary lifestyle of the citizens is also described. The urban way of life is assessed as requiring immediate influence by public health policy makers. The current experience of foreign public administration and public policy entities on a proactive approach to shaping the concept of public health in the context of urban transformation in society can be used in Ukraine. Practical results of the work of state institutions in developed countries should be implemented in Ukraine. Conclusions. On the example of the positive experience of the capitalist countries of the world, the further directions of the development of public health policy in Ukraine in the conditions of deepening urbanization processes are clearly defined.
Theoretical aspects of the civil society phenomenon
Authors: Тимчук А. Л. , Полторацька Н. В.
Published: February 2020

The article analyzes idealistic views on the phenomenon of "civil society". The authors emphasize that civil society is a society of justice and civil consensus, where each citizen is guaranteed civil, political and socio-economic rights and explores the basic features (features) of civil society. First, it is a society of justice. The next major feature is civic consent, that is, the establishment of a new social order through dialogue and spiritual and political consensus.According to the authors, human rights are guaranteed in every democratically organized society, and the state claiming to be legal has no right, but is obliged in its legislation to foresee and actually guarantee by legal and other means those rights which are due to the state recognitions acquire the character of subjective legal rights. As a result of the adoption of international standards by states, the very concept of a person and in domestic law becomes legal and designates citizens of that state, as well as foreigners and stateless persons who reside in its territory. And human rights are those rights that belong to every person regardless of their nationality.The authors conclude that no sharp and insurmountable boundary can be drawn between human rights and citizens' rights. Human rights are a social category. They are formed objectively as a result of the development and improvement of social production and the system of public administration of society in the form of social opportunities to enjoy various economic, political and spiritual benefits, and exist before their state recognition. And citizens' rights are those human rights that are under the protection and protection of the state.
On the nonsymmetric approximation of continuous functions in the integral metric
Authors: Babenko V.F. , Polyakov O.V.
Published: February 2020

In the paper, an exact estimate of the best nonsymmetric approximation in the integral metric by the constants of continuous functions that belong to the classes $H^\omega[a,b]$ is proved. Taking into account Babenko's theorem on the connection of nonsymmetric approximation with the usual best approximation in the integral metric and the best one-sided approximations, from the proved result we obtain the exact estimate for the usual best approximation obtained by N.P. Korneichuk, and the exact estimate for the best one-sided approximation obtained by V.G. Doronin and A.A. Ligun.
Representation of a one class function of two variables by bicontinued fractions
Authors: Pahirya M.M.
Published: February 2020

Let function $u (z, w) = f (z) h (w)$ be defined on the compact set  $\mathbf{K} \subset \mathbb{C}^2$. We study the problem of representation of functions of this class by the product of two continued fractions, which is called a bicontinued fraction. Some properties of Thiele reciprocal derivatives,  Thiele continued fractions and  regular C-fractions are proved. The possibility of representation of functions of this class by bicontinued fractions is shown. Examples are considered, domains of convergence and uniform convergence of obtained bicontinued fractions to the function are indicated.
On Turan-type inequalities for trigonometric polynomials of half-integer order
Authors: Polyakov O.V.
Published: February 2020

Some exact inequalities of the Turan type are obtained in the paper for trigonometric polynomials $h(x)$ of half-interger order $n+\frac {1}{2}$, $n=1, 2, ...$, such that all $2n+1$ their zeros are real and located on a segment $[0;2\pi )$. Namely, the inequality that relates the norms in the space $C$ of the  trigonometric polynomials $h(x)$ of half-integer order $n+\frac {1}{2}$, $n=1, 2, ...$, and its second derivative $h''(x)$, $\|h''\|_c\ge \frac {2n+1}{4}\|h\|_c$, that is the inequalities that connect the norms in the space $L_2$ of the  trigonometric polynomials $h(x)$ of half-interger order $n+\frac {1}{2}$, $n=1, 2, ...$, and its first derivative $h'(x)$, that is $\|h'\|_{L_2}\ge \sqrt {\frac {2n+1}{8}}\|h\|_{L_2}$. The resulting inequalities cannot be improved. In proving the theorems, we use the method that was developed by V.F. Babenko and S.A. Pichugov for trigonometric polynomials, all of whose roots are real.
Carmen Vicaría: presencia femenina en el desarrollo de la pedagogía musical en Colombia
Authors: Fierro Henao Ana Sharon
Published: February 2020

En la historia de la pedagogía musical en Latinoamérica, detallamos elementos que son compatibles, de tal manera que en este caso directo, se manifiesta el papel de las mujeres como formadoras y docentes que prolongaron el conocimiento musical enseñando en sus casas o a domicilio. Esta línea común que se puede evidenciar en países como Argentina o Chile, también tuvo lugar en Colombia, donde muchas mujeres realizaron labores de enseñanza musical, un ejemplo de ello es Carmen Vicaría Pinzón, formadora de la región del Valle del Cauca, quien creó la academia de estudios musicales Carmen Vicaría desde 1919 hasta 1975, en la cual se generaron diversas pautas educativas que enriquecieron las capacidades de los niños y niñas del municipio de Guadalajara de Buga, dinamizando las actividades de dicha ciudad y promoviendo espacios de cultura y apreciación musical.
First documented record of Chordeiles pusillus (Gould, 1861) (Caprimulgiformes, Caprimulgidae) in São Paulo state
Authors: de Godoy Fernando Igor , Macarrão Arthur , Rodarte Raisa , Vassão Braga Ribeiro Thalles , de Araujo Gabriel Vagner
Published: February 2020

This note presents the first documented record of Least Nighthawk, Chordeiles pusillus (Gould, 1861), in São Paulo state, Brazil. The species was observed on four occasions (January 31, April 25, and July 27, 2016; April 27, 2017) in a sandy-rocky habitat on the left bank of Grande river, Mira Estrela municipality. This record is at least 300 km from the previously known occurrences of the species.
First record of the goo-eater snake, Geophis nigroalbus Boulenger, 1908 (Serpentes, Dipsadidae), in the Magdalena Valley, Cordillera Oriental of Colombia
Authors: García-Cobos Daniela , Corrales-García Alejandro , Cárdenas-Arévalo Gladys , Paternina-Hernández Azarys , Rymel Acosta-Galvis Andrés
Published: February 2020

Geophis nigroalbus Boulenger, 1908 is a fossorial and secretive colubrid snake endemic to the western Andes of Colombia. Here we report this species for the first time in the Cordillera Oriental in Middle Magdalena Valley. We expand the known distribution of G. nigroalbus 183 km east of its original range.
Medium-sized and large mammals of the Cazumbá-Iracema Extractivist Reserve, Acre, Brazil
Authors: Oliveira Marcela Alvares , Calouro Armando Muniz
Published: February 2020

The medium-sized and large mammals of the Cazumbá-Iracema Extractivist Reserve, Acre, Brazil are inventoried. Data were collected using five methods: line transects, opportunistic sightings, camera trapping, hunting calendar, and hunting interviews. In total, 52 species belonging to 27 families were recorded; 11 species are threatened. We discuss the factors, such as hunting, that affect the occurrence of these species. In addition, we document the food taboos for Priodontes maximus (Kerr, 1792) and Dinomys branickii Peters, 1873, two threatened species. The confirmed occurrence of threatened species in the Cazumbá-Iracema Extractivist Reserve makes long-term studies necessary to obtain essential information for the understanding the viability of these populations.
Visualising fluid migration due to hydrate dissociation: implications for submarine slides
Authors: Zhu Chaoqi , Jiao Xinran , Cheng Sheng , Li Qingping , Liu Kehan , Shan Hongxian , Li Chaoxin , Jia Yonggang
Published: February 2020

The impact of gas hydrate dissociation on submarine landslides has become an increasingly significant issue. However, previous models cannot interpret the newly discovered non-conformity between the slide surface and the base of the gas hydrate stability zone. Here, the authors design an experimental approach for visualising fluid migration during hydrate dissociation at atmospheric pressure. The results identify the lateral and vertical fluid migration pathways. Weak layers propagate nearly laterally beyond the hydrate zone, which lengthens the potential slide surface. Vertical pathways branch and deviate from their original paths, generating a shallower slide surface. Furthermore, the findings show that fluid overpressure under the overlying layer leads to steepening slopes. The lubrication effect and the underestimated inclination of slopes at failure may account for the low-angle failure of clay slopes. The results support a new conceptual model that reconciles the non-conformity between the slide surface and the base of the gas hydrate stability zone and offer a new perspective for the large-scale failure of low-angle submarine slopes. It will be interesting and important to confirm these implications in the future.
Estimating Urine Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio from Protein-to-Creatinine Ratio: Development of Equations using Same-Day Measurements
Authors: Weaver Robert G. , James Matthew T. , Ravani Pietro , Weaver Colin G.W. , Lamb Edmund J. , Tonelli Marcello , Manns Braden J. , Quinn Robert R. , Jun Min , Hemmelgarn Brenda R.
Published: February 2020

Significance Statement

The urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) is the preferred metric for quantifying albuminuria, and it also has been incorporated into equations to predict risk of kidney failure. However, often only the protein-to-creatinine ratio (PCR) is available. Previous studies have described the association between ACR and PCR, although none have provided a method to estimate ACR from PCR that accounts for the nonlinear association or the effect of covariates other than sex. The authors used same-sample urine ACR/PCR measurement pairs from a population-based cohort of 47,714 adults to derive equations to estimate ACR from PCR, taking into account nonlinearity and modification by several clinical characteristics. These equations may be useful in specific retrospective applications where an estimate of ACR is desired but only PCR is available.

Background

Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) and protein-to-creatinine ratio (PCR) are used to measure urine protein. Recent guidelines endorse ACR use, and equations have been developed incorporating ACR to predict risk of kidney failure. For situations in which PCR only is available, having a method to estimate ACR from PCR as accurately as possible would be useful.

Methods

We used data from a population-based cohort of 47,714 adults in Alberta, Canada, who had simultaneous assessments of urine ACR and PCR. After log-transforming ACR and PCR, we used cubic splines and quantile regression to estimate the median ACR from a PCR, allowing for modification by specified covariates. On the basis of the cubic splines, we created models using linear splines to develop equations to estimate ACR from PCR. In a subcohort with eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2, we then used the kidney failure risk equation to compare kidney failure risk using measured ACR as well as estimated ACR that had been derived from PCR.

Results

We found a nonlinear association between log(ACR) and log(PCR), with the implied albumin-to-protein ratio increasing from <30% in normal to mild proteinuria to about 70% in severe proteinuria, and with wider prediction intervals at lower levels. Sex was the most important modifier of the relationship between ACR and PCR, with men generally having a higher albumin-to-protein ratio. Estimates of kidney failure risk were similar using measured ACR and ACR estimated from PCR.

Conclusions

We developed equations to estimate the median ACR from a PCR, optionally including specified covariates. These equations may prove useful in certain retrospective clinical or research applications where only PCR is available.
Adjectival Agreement in Middle and Early Modern Welsh Native and Translated Prose
Authors: Meelen Marieke , Nurmio Silva
Published: February 2020

This paper investigates adjectival agreement in a group of Middle Welsh native prose texts and a sample of translations from around the end of the Middle Welsh period and the beginning of the Early Modern period. It presents a new methodology, employing tagged historical corpora allowing
for consistent linguistic comparison. The adjectival agreement case study tests a hypothesis regarding position and function of adjectives in Middle Welsh, as well as specific semantic groups of adjectives, such as colours or related modifiers. The systematic analysis using an annotated corpus
reveals that there are interesting differences between native and translated texts, as well as between individual texts. However, zooming in on our adjectival agreement case study, we conclude that these differences do not correspond to many of our hypotheses or assumptions about how certain
texts group together. In particular, no clear split into native and translated texts emerged between the texts in our corpus. This paper thus shows interesting results for both (historical) linguists, especially those working on agreement, and scholars of medieval Celtic philology and translation
texts.
Cisplatin inhibits the proliferation of Saos-2 osteosarcoma cells via the miR-376c/TGFA pathway
Authors: Wang Yuan , Wu Yichao , Cai Awei , Ma Chengxiao , Cai Shang , Wang Hao , Que Yukang , Xu Shenglin , Xu Tangbing , Hu Yong
Published: February 2020

Transforming growth factor alpha (TGFA) gene is involved in the proliferation and metastasis of various tumors, but its role in cell sensitivity to cisplatin chemotherapy is unclear. In this study, we investigated the mechanism underlying inhibitory effects of cisplatin on growth and proliferation of osteosarcoma cells. Osteosarcoma and normal skeletal muscle tissues were collected from 26 patients by biopsy. TGFA was silenced or overexpressed in Saos-2 osteosarcoma cells by transfection with TGFA-shRNA or TGFA ORF clone, respectively. MiR-376c was inhibited or overexpressed by transfection of Saos-2 cells with miR-376c sponge or miR-376c mimics, respectively. Cell growth was analyzed by MTT assay and cell proliferation by BrdU assay. MiR-376c and TGFA mRNA expression was detected by quantitative reverse transcription PCR and TGFA protein expression by Western blot. The target relationship between miR-376c and TGFA was assessed by luciferase reporter assay. Both in osteosarcoma tissues and Saos-2 cells, miR-376c expression was significantly decreased and TGFA mRNA expression was significantly increased compared with control. Transfection of Saos-2 cells with TGFA-shRNA silenced TGFA expression and significantly inhibited cell growth and proliferation. TGFA mRNA and protein expression in Saos-2 cells significantly decreased with increasing cisplatin concentrations (2.5–10 mg/L). Transfection with TGFA ORF clone reversed the inhibitory effects of cisplatin on Saos-2 cell proliferation. Compared with cisplatin (10 mg/L) treatment alone, the combined treatment with cisplatin and miR-376c mimics inhibited the proliferation of Saos-2 cells more significantly. MiR-376c suppressed TGFA expression by directly interacting with its 3'-UTR region. Overall, cisplatin inhibited the proliferation of Saos-2 cells by upregulating miR-376c and downregulating TGFA expression.
Meningeal Carcinomatosis Presenting with Isolated Pseudotumor Cerebri
Authors: Jin Bora , Kim Jeong Yeon , Kim Dae-Hyun
Published: February 2020

A 46-year-old man presented with a progressive headache lasting for 2 weeks. Initial lumbar puncture revealed a pressure of 31 cm H20 and 30 white cells. His symptoms had worsened despite the treatment of intracranial hypertension. Visual field exam showed marked peripheral constriction and the fundus showed marked papilledema. Cytological analysis of cerebrospinal fluid demonstrated positive for metastatic carcinoma. We report a case of a patient with meningeal carcinomatosis who developed isolated intracranial hypertension with papilledema.
Late-Onset Wilson’s Disease Mimics Hashimoto Encephalopathy
Authors: Lee Dong Young , Lee Gha-Hyun , Jung Dae Soo , Kim Jiyoung
Published: February 2020

A 48-year-old woman presented with a 1-day history of aggressive behavior. Hashimoto encephalopathy was first suspected based on elevated levels of serum anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody. Her clinical symptoms did not improve despite treatment with intravenous corticosteroid. Abdominal computed tomography revealed liver cirrhosis, and brain T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging revealed midbrain hyperintensity, and she was finally diagnosed with Wilson’s disease. The Wilson’s disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis in adults presenting with unexplained hepatic, neurological, or psychiatric abnormalities.
“Canto y cantor sepultará el olvido”. La poesía de Agripina Montes del Valle en el contexto del siglo XIX colombiano
Authors: Echeverry Fernández Diana , Molina Morales Guillermo
Published: February 2020

el presente artículo recupera la figura de Agripina Montes del Valle, poeta colombiana del siglo XIX, muy poco leída actualmente a pesar del reconocimiento de su época. En primer lugar, recordamos su vida y su obra, dispersa en múltiples publicaciones. Posteriormente, estudiamos su lugar como mujer en la “ciudad letrada”. En el tercer apartado, nos centramos en sus poemas de contenido social y encontramos una articulación entre el deseo de progreso y la resignación religiosa. Finalmente, valoramos logros y limitaciones de sus versos, y su importancia en el contexto de la poesía colombiana.
El jardín y otros espacios vitales en la obra de Tomás González
Authors: Salamanca León Néstor
Published: February 2020

La geografia ha sido una constante preocupacion en la obra ficcional de Tomas Gonzalez. Los espacios naturales ocupan una particular atencion en sus novelas y algunas veces adquieren la importancia de un personaje. Es el caso en su ultima obra Las noches todas del 2018 donde el jardin se convierte en la preocupacion material y espiritual del protagonista. La creacion y concepcion del jardin es todo un proceso y aqui el narrador protagonista nos conduce por el camino complejo de su elaboracion y de las proporciones que tomara en su propia existencia.