bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monolithic Concrete vs Precast Concrete for the Construction of Bridge by Th Cantilever Method
Authors: Morlova Dumitru Daniel , Chiotan Corina
Published: October 2015

Rezumat

În cadrul articolului cu titlul „Beton monolit versus beton prefabricat la execuția în consolă a podurilor” vor fi abordate o serie de probleme care apar atât la proiectarea cât şi la execuţia structurilor de poduri din beton precomprimat utilizând metoda execuţiei în consolă.

Această metodă a revoluţionat podurile din beton, din punct de vedere al deschiderilor şi al uşurinţei traversării unor obstacole dificile. În afara avantajelor realizării unor structuri din beton monolit prin execuţie în consolă, utilizarea elementelor prefabricate conduce la micşorarea semnificativă a timpului de execuţie şi la diminuarea problemelor care pot apărea din cauza curgerii lente şi a contracţiei betonului.

Materialul prezentat în cadrul articolului cu titlul „Beton monolit versus beton prefabricat la execuția în consolă a podurilor” va prezenta principiul metodei de execuţie în consolă, avantajele utilizării acestei metode, cazurile particulare pentru care se pretează o astfel de structură, scheme statice şi secţiunile transversale adoptate pentru acest tip de structuri, cât şi modul de îmbinare al tronsoanelor prefabricate în funcţie de generaţia din care fac parte.

De asemenea, se va prezenta un studiu de caz în care vor fi analizate cele doua variante de execuție în consolă (turnare monolită a tronsoanelor respectiv montare de tronsoane prefabricate) și vor fi prezentate concluzii privind oportunitatea utilizării uneia dintre cele două variante.
Ecological Solutions Applied to Hot Mix Asphalt
Authors: Lixandru Cătălina , Dicu Mihai , Răcănel Carmen , Burlacu Adrian
Published: October 2015

Rezumat

Mixturile asfaltice sunt materiale compozite realizate din amestecuri de agregate naturale sau artificiale, filer și bitum, avȃnd la baza dozaje bine stabilite și o tehnologie adecvata astfel încȃt să rezulte un material rutier cât mai durabil posibil.

În urma studiilor efectuate pe plan internațional cât și pe plan național, s-a demostrat că se pot înlocui cu succes agregatele naturale cu zguri siderurgice sau de oțelărie, care prin prelucrare și sortare la dimensiuni necesare sunt cele mai adecvate din punct de vedere al proprietăților fizico-mecanice.

Mixturile asfaltice ecologice obținute prin înlocuirea agregatelor minerale cu zguri siderurgice vor intra în alcătuirea structurii rutiere, începand cu studiul pentru un strat de bază. Pentru evaluarea performanțelor mixturilor asfaltice în care agregatele naturale sunt înlocuite cu agregate artificiale, se va studia o mixtură asfaltică pentrul stratul de bază respectiv AB 31.5 pentru care se vor face încercări pentru trei rețete de mixturi asfaltice: mixtura asfaltică cu agregate minerale de carieră, mixtura asfaltică în care agregatele minerale vor fi înlocuite în proporție de 50 % cu zguri siderurgice și o mixtură asfaltică care va conține zguri siderurgice în proporție de 100%.

Încercările de laborator se vor face în cadrul Laboratorului de Drumuri din cadrul Facultății de Căi Ferate, Drumuri și Poduri, Universitatea Tehnică de Construcții București; rezultatele obținute vor fi detaliate sub forma de tabele și grafice, concluziile urmând a face aprecieri asupra performanțelor mixturilor asfaltice ecologice. Astfel, se vor stabili performanțele mixturilor asfaltice ecologice comparativ cu calitățile mixturilor asfaltice clasice, folosind următoarele încercări: determinarea densității aparente, a volumului de goluri, caracteristicilor Marshall și a modulului de rigiditate.
Experimental Modelling of Asphaltic Layers Behaviour at Reflective Fracture from Degraded Pavements – Parametric Studies
Authors: Lobază Mihai Gabriel , Dicu Mihai
Published: October 2015

Rezumat

Datorită degradării în timp a îmbrăcăminților rutiere, trebuiesc adoptate măsuri pentru reabilitarea acestora cu costuri cât mai mici. Una din soluțiile des utilizate îl reprezintă așternerea covoarelor asfaltice peste cele degradate. Problema principală care apare în cazul acestei soluții este transmiterea fisurilor din stratul existent în covorul de protecție (fisurare reflectivă).

Adoptarea soluției optime în cazul straturilor asfaltice de protecție, din punct de vedere al comportării la fisurare, scade considerabil costurile de întreținere/reabilitare a structurii rutiere existente. De aceea sunt necesare studii experimentale efectuate în laborator, care presupune costuri mici, dar și o perioadă mai scurtă de timp față de sectoarele experimentale.

În cadrul încercărilor de laborator efectuate, s-a urmărit și măsurat parametrii fisurării: deschiderea și lungimea fisurii în mixtură, deschiderea fisurii betonului, deformația probei și numărul de cicluri. Interpretarea acestor parametri, prin stabilirea unor legi de evoluție a acestora, ne poate oferi o imagine a modului în care fisura se transmite din betonul de ciment prefisurat în stratul de protecție și apoi se propagă pe întreaga grosime a acestuia.

Se poate astfel stabili care este rețeta de mixtură asfaltică care se comportă cel mai bine la acest tip de fisurare, evitându-se astfel adoptarea unei soluții neadecvate care atrage după sine costuri ridicate de întreținere.
An Optimized Elasto-Plastic Subgrade Reaction For Modeling The Response Of A Nonlinear Foundation For A Structural Analysis
Authors: Ray Richard Paul
Published: October 2015

Geotechnical and structural engineers are faced with a difficult task when their designs interact with each other. For complex projects, this is more the norm than the exception. In order to help bridge that gap, a method for modeling the behavior of a foundation using a simple elasto-plastic subgrade reaction was developed. The method uses an optimization technique to position 4-6 springs along a pile foundation to produce similar load deflection characteristics that were modeled by more sophisticated geotechnical finite element software. The methodology uses an Excel spreadsheet for accepting user input and delivering an optimized subgrade spring stiffness, yield, and position along the pile. In this way, the behavior developed from the geotechnical software can be transferred to the structural analysis software. The optimization is achieved through the solver add-in within Excel. Additionally, a beam on a nonlinear elastic foundation model is used to compute deflections of the optimized subgrade reaction configuration.
Reducing The Operating Costs Of An Apartment Building
Authors: Takács Ján , Rácz Lukáš
Published: October 2015

Circulation pumps are mechanical devices, which are used to create the overpressure required for the transportation of a heat-transfer medium in heating technology as well as in other related technologies. In a circulation pump the mechanical energy generated by the drive machine – an electric motor is transformed to hydraulic energy, which consists of kinetic and static energy. In the pipeline of a heating system circulation pumps represent a source of hydraulic energy (positive differential pressure), which is consumed to transport the heat-transfer medium. During the flow, the heat-transfer medium puts up resistance to the so-called passive resistors, which consist of pressure losses from friction in the pipes and pressure losses due to local resistance. In this article the authors analyze the effect of a circulation pump on the operating costs in an apartment building. Different types of circulating pumps, ranging from the most unfavorable to the optimal, were selected.
Comparison Of Selected Pedotransfer Functions For The Determination Of Soil Water Retention Curves
Authors: Kupec Michal , Stradiot Peter , Rehák Štefan
Published: October 2015

Soil water retention curves were measured using a sandbox and the pressure plate extractor method on undisturbed soil samples from the Borská Lowland. The basic soil properties (e.g. soil texture, dry bulk density) of the samples were determined. The soil water retention curve was described using the van Genuchten model (Van Genuchten, 1980). The parameters of the model were obtained using the RETC program (Van Genuchten et al., 1991). For the determination of the soil water retention curve parameters, two pedotransfer functions (PTF) were also used that were derived for this area by Skalová (2003) and the Rosetta computer program (Schaap et al., 2001). The performance of the PTFs was characterized using the mean difference and root mean square error.
Towards a semantic map for intensifying particles: Evidence from Avar
Authors: Forker Diana
Published: October 2015

In this paper I examine the multifunctional enclitic =goin the Nakh-Daghestanian language Avar. By means of a semantic map I show that its central function is the expression of emphasis and/or contrast. Other uses are the expression of identity, scalar additivity, reflexivity (including local and long-distance reflexives, emphatic reflexive uses), the marking of indefinite pronouns and adverbs, and the derivation of cardinal numerals and converbs. The paper also advances a hypothesis about the origin of =goand argues that it goes back to the copula -ugo. The use of the copula in cleft constructions gave rise to the emphatic/contrastive function, and all other uses can be viewed as extension of this function.
The Periaqueductal Gray Orchestrates Sensory and Motor Circuits at Multiple Levels of the Neuraxis
Authors: Koutsikou Stella , Watson Thomas C. , Crook Jonathan J. , Leith J. Lianne , Lawrenson Charlotte L. , Apps Richard , Lumb Bridget M.
Published: October 2015

The periaqueductal gray (PAG) coordinates behaviors essential to survival, including striking changes in movement and posture (e.g., escape behaviors in response to noxious stimuli vs freezing in response to fear-evoking stimuli). However, the neural circuits underlying the expression of these behaviors remain poorly understood. We demonstratein vivoin rats that activation of the ventrolateral PAG (vlPAG) affects motor systems at multiple levels of the neuraxis through the following: (1) differential control of spinal neurons that forward sensory information to the cerebellum via spino-olivo-cerebellar pathways (nociceptive signals are reduced while proprioceptive signals are enhanced); (2) alterations in cerebellar nuclear output as revealed by changes in expression of Fos-like immunoreactivity; and (3) regulation of spinal reflex circuits, as shown by an increase in α-motoneuron excitability. The capacity to coordinate sensory and motor functions is demonstrated in awake, behaving rats, in which natural activation of the vlPAG in fear-conditioned animals reduced transmission in spino-olivo-cerebellar pathways during periods of freezing that were associated with increased muscle tone and thus motor outflow. The increase in spinal motor reflex excitability and reduction in transmission of ascending sensory signals via spino-olivo-cerebellar pathways occurred simultaneously. We suggest that the interactions revealed in the present study between the vlPAG and sensorimotor circuits could form the neural substrate for survival behaviors associated with vlPAG activation.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeural circuits that coordinate survival behaviors remain poorly understood. We demonstrate in rats that the periaqueductal gray (PAG) affects motor systems at the following multiple levels of the neuraxis: (1) through altering transmission in spino-olivary pathways that forward sensory signals to the cerebellum, reducing and enhancing transmission of nociceptive and proprioceptive information, respectively; (2) by alterations in cerebellar output; and (3) through enhancement of spinal motor reflex pathways. The sensory and motor effects occurred at the same time and were present in both anesthetized animals and behavioral experiments in which fear conditioning naturally activated the PAG. The results provide insights into the neural circuits that enable an animal to be ready and able to react to danger, thus assisting in survival.
Loss of RAD-23 Protects Against Models of Motor Neuron Disease by Enhancing Mutant Protein Clearance
Authors: Jablonski Angela M. , Lamitina Todd , Liachko Nicole F. , Sabatella Mariangela , Lu Jiayin , Zhang Lei , Ostrow Lyle W. , Gupta Preetika , Wu Chia-Yen , Doshi Shachee , Mojsilovic-Petrovic Jelena , Lans Hannes , Wang Jiou , Kraemer Brian , Kalb Robert G.
Published: October 2015

Misfolded proteins accumulate and aggregate in neurodegenerative disease. The existence of these deposits reflects a derangement in the protein homeostasis machinery. Using a candidate gene screen, we report that loss of RAD-23 protects against the toxicity of proteins known to aggregate in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Loss of RAD-23 suppresses the locomotor deficit ofCaenorhabditis elegansengineered to express mutTDP-43 or mutSOD1 and also protects against aging and proteotoxic insults. Knockdown of RAD-23 is further neuroprotective against the toxicity of SOD1 and TDP-43 expression in mammalian neurons. Biochemical investigation indicates that RAD-23 modifies mutTDP-43 and mutSOD1 abundance, solubility, and turnover in association with altering the ubiquitination status of these substrates. In human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis spinal cord, we find that RAD-23 abundance is increased and RAD-23 is mislocalized within motor neurons. We propose a novel pathophysiological function for RAD-23 in the stabilization of mutated proteins that cause neurodegeneration.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn this work, we identify RAD-23, a component of the protein homeostasis network and nucleotide excision repair pathway, as a modifier of the toxicity of two disease-causing, misfolding-prone proteins, SOD1 and TDP-43. Reducing the abundance of RAD-23 accelerates the degradation of mutant SOD1 and TDP-43 and reduces the cellular content of the toxic species. The existence of endogenous proteins that act as “anti-chaperones” uncovers new and general targets for therapeutic intervention.
Savings upon Re-Aiming in Visuomotor Adaptation
Authors: Morehead J. Ryan , Qasim Salman E. , Crossley Matthew J. , Ivry Richard
Published: October 2015

Sensorimotor adaptation has traditionally been viewed as a purely error-based process. There is, however, growing appreciation for the idea that performance changes in these tasks can arise from the interplay of error-based adaptation with other learning processes. The challenge is to specify constraints on these different processes, elucidating their respective contributions to performance, as well as the manner in which they interact. We address this question by exploring constraints on savings, the phenomenon in which people show faster performance gains when the same learning task is repeated. In a series of five experiments, we demonstrate that error-based learning associated with sensorimotor adaptation does not contribute to savings. Instead, savings reflects improvements in action selection, rather than motor execution.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSavings is the phenomenon in which people show faster relearning of a previously forgotten memory. In the motor learning domain, this phenomenon has been a puzzle for learning models that operate exclusively on error-based learning processes. We demonstrate, in a series of experiments, that savings selectively reflects improvements in action selection: Participants are more adept in invoking an appropriate aiming strategy when presented with a previously experienced perturbation. Indeed, improvements in action selection appear to be the sole source of savings in visuomotor adaptation tasks. We observe no evidence of savings in implicit error-based adaptation.
Congruent Visual Speech Enhances Cortical Entrainment to Continuous Auditory Speech in Noise-Free Conditions
Authors: Crosse Michael J. , Butler John S. , Lalor Edmund C.
Published: October 2015

Congruent audiovisual speech enhances our ability to comprehend a speaker, even in noise-free conditions. When incongruent auditory and visual information is presented concurrently, it can hinder a listener's perception and even cause him or her to perceive information that was not presented in either modality. Efforts to investigate the neural basis of these effects have often focused on the special case of discrete audiovisual syllables that are spatially and temporally congruent, with less work done on the case of natural, continuous speech. Recent electrophysiological studies have demonstrated that cortical response measures to continuous auditory speech can be easily obtained using multivariate analysis methods. Here, we apply such methods to the case of audiovisual speech and, importantly, present a novel framework for indexing multisensory integration in the context of continuous speech. Specifically, we examine how the temporal and contextual congruency of ongoing audiovisual speech affects the cortical encoding of the speech envelope in humans using electroencephalography. We demonstrate that the cortical representation of the speech envelope is enhanced by the presentation of congruent audiovisual speech in noise-free conditions. Furthermore, we show that this is likely attributable to the contribution of neural generators that are not particularly active during unimodal stimulation and that it is most prominent at the temporal scale corresponding to syllabic rate (2–6 Hz). Finally, our data suggest that neural entrainment to the speech envelope is inhibited when the auditory and visual streams are incongruent both temporally and contextually.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSeeing a speaker's face as he or she talks can greatly help in understanding what the speaker is saying. This is because the speaker's facial movements relay information about what the speaker is saying, but also, importantly, when the speaker is saying it. Studying how the brain uses this timing relationship to combine information from continuous auditory and visual speech has traditionally been methodologically difficult. Here we introduce a new approach for doing this using relatively inexpensive and noninvasive scalp recordings. Specifically, we show that the brain's representation of auditory speech is enhanced when the accompanying visual speech signal shares the same timing. Furthermore, we show that this enhancement is most pronounced at a time scale that corresponds to mean syllable length.
CaMKII Controls Whether Touch Is Painful
Authors: Yu Hongwei , Pan Bin , Weyer Andy , Wu Hsiang-En , Meng Jingwei , Fischer Gregory , Vilceanu Daniel , Light Alan R. , Stucky Cheryl , Rice Frank L. , Hudmon Andy , Hogan Quinn
Published: October 2015

The sensation of touch is initiated when fast conducting low-threshold mechanoreceptors (Aβ-LTMRs) generate impulses at their terminals in the skin. Plasticity in this system is evident in the process of adaption, in which a period of diminished sensitivity follows prior stimulation. CaMKII is an ideal candidate for mediating activity-dependent plasticity in touch because it shifts into an enhanced activation state after neuronal depolarizations and can thereby reflect past firing history. Here we show that sensory neuron CaMKII autophosphorylation encodes the level of Aβ-LTMR activity in rat models of sensory deprivation (whisker clipping, tail suspension, casting). Blockade of CaMKII signaling limits normal adaptation of action potential generation in Aβ-LTMRs in excised skin. CaMKII activity is also required for natural filtering of impulse trains as they travel through the sensory neuron T-junction in the DRG. Blockade of CaMKII selectively in presynaptic Aβ-LTMRs removes dorsal horn inhibition that otherwise prevents Aβ-LTMR input from activating nociceptive lamina I neurons. Together, these consequences of reduced CaMKII function in Aβ-LTMRs cause low-intensity mechanical stimulation to produce pain behavior. We conclude that, without normal sensory activity to maintain adequate levels of CaMKII function, the touch pathway shifts into a pain system. In the clinical setting, sensory disuse may be a critical factor that enhances and prolongs chronic pain initiated by other conditions.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe sensation of touch is served by specialized sensory neurons termed low-threshold mechanoreceptors (LTMRs). We examined the role of CaMKII in regulating the function of these neurons. Loss of CaMKII function, such as occurred in rats during sensory deprivation, elevated the generation and propagation of impulses by LTMRs, and altered the spinal cord circuitry in such a way that low-threshold mechanical stimuli produced pain behavior. Because limbs are protected from use during a painful condition, this sensitization of LTMRs may perpetuate pain and prevent functional rehabilitation.
Neuronal Migration Dynamics in the Developing Ferret Cortex
Authors: Gertz Caitlyn C. , Kriegstein Arnold R.
Published: October 2015

During mammalian neocortical development, newborn excitatory and inhibitory neurons must migrate over long distances to reach their final positions within the cortical plate. In the lissencephalic rodent brain, pyramidal neurons are born in the ventricular and subventricular zones of the pallium and migrate along radial glia fibers to reach the appropriate cortical layer. Although much less is known about neuronal migration in species with a gyrencephalic cortex, retroviral studies in the ferret and primate suggest that, unlike the rodent, pyramidal neurons do not follow strict radial pathways and instead can disperse horizontally. However, the means by which pyramidal neurons laterally disperse remain unknown. In this study, we identified a viral labeling technique for visualizing neuronal migration in the ferret, a gyrencephalic carnivore, and found that migration was predominantly radial at early postnatal ages. In contrast, neurons displayed more tortuous migration routes with a decreased frequency of cortical plate-directed migration at later stages of neurogenesis concomitant with the start of brain folding. This was accompanied by neurons migrating sequentially along several different radial glial fibers, suggesting a mode by which pyramidal neurons may laterally disperse in a folded cortex. These findings provide insight into the migratory behavior of neurons in gyrencephalic species and provide a framework for using nonrodent model systems for studying neuronal migration disorders.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTElucidating neuronal migration dynamics in the gyrencephalic, or folded, cortex is important for understanding neurodevelopmental disorders. Similar to the rodent, we found that neuronal migration was predominantly radial at early postnatal ages in the gyrencephalic ferret cortex. Interestingly, ferret neurons displayed more tortuous migration routes and a decreased frequency of radial migration at later ages coincident with the start of cortical folding. We found that ferret neurons use several different radial glial fibers as migratory guides, including those belonging to the recently described outer radial glia, suggesting a mechanism by which ferret neurons disperse laterally. It is likely that excitatory neurons horizontally disperse in other gyrencephalic mammals, including the primate, suggesting an important modification to the current model deduced primarily from the rodent.
Predator Stress-Induced CRF Release Causes Enduring Sensitization of Basolateral Amygdala Norepinephrine Systems that Promote PTSD-Like Startle Abnormalities
Authors: Rajbhandari Abha K. , Baldo Brian A. , Bakshi Vaishali P.
Published: October 2015

The neurobiology of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) remains unclear. Intense stress promotes PTSD, which has been associated with exaggerated startle and deficient sensorimotor gating. Here, we examined the long-term sequelae of a rodent model of traumatic stress (repeated predator exposure) on amygdala systems that modulate startle and prepulse inhibition (PPI), an operational measure of sensorimotor gating. We show in rodents that repeated psychogenic stress (predator) induces long-lasting sensitization of basolateral amygdala (BLA) noradrenergic (NE) receptors (α1) via a corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 (CRF-R1)-dependent mechanism, and that these CRF1 and NE α1 receptors are highly colocalized on presumptive excitatory output projection neurons of the BLA. A profile identical to that seen with predator exposure was produced in nonstressed rats by intra-BLA infusions of CRF (200 ng/0.5 μl), but not by repeated NE infusions (20 μg/0.5 μl). Infusions into the adjacent central nucleus of amygdala had no effect. Importantly, the predator stress- or CRF-induced sensitization of BLA manifested as heightened startle and PPI deficits in response to subsequent subthreshold NE system challenges (with intra-BLA infusions of 0.3 μg/0.5 μl NE), up to 1 month after stress. This profile of effects closely resembles aspects of PTSD. Hence, we reveal a discrete neural pathway mediating the enhancement of NE system function seen in PTSD, and we offer a model for characterizing potential new treatments that may work by modulating this BLA circuitry.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe present findings reveal a novel and discrete neural substrate that could underlie certain core deficits (startle and prepulse inhibition) that are observed in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It is shown here that repeated exposure to a rodent model of traumatic stress (predator exposure) produces a long-lasting sensitization of basolateral amygdala noradrenergic substrates [via a corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-dependent mechanism] that regulate startle, which is exaggerated in PTSD. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the sensitized noradrenergic receptors colocalize with CRF1 receptors on output projection neurons of the basolateral amygdala. Hence, this stress-induced sensitization of noradrenergic receptors on basolateral nucleus efferents has wide-ranging implications for the numerous deleterious sequelae of trauma exposure that are seen in multiple psychiatric illnesses, including PTSD.
Elastic properties and piezoelectric coupling coefficients of nitrilotriacetic acid, (N(CH2COOH)3 = NTA = H3NTA′), Li3NTA′ · 2 H2O, Na2HNTA′, K2Zr(NTA′)2 · 2 H2O, Rb2Zr(NTA′)2 · 2 H2O, Cs2Zr(NTA′)2 · H2O and (NH4)2Zr(NTA′)2
Authors: Haussühl S. , Richter U.
Published: October 2015

Elastic and thermoelastic constants of nitrilotriacetic acid, N(CH

The packing density of these species and the chemical bonding are quite similar due to the dominance of the large anions. Elastic and thermoelastic properties behave as expected for chemically related compounds. Large piezoelectric coupling coefficients >0.25 are observed on crystals of N(CH
Complement activation, regulation, and molecular basis for complement‐related diseases
Authors: Bajic Goran , Degn Søren E , Thiel Steffen , Andersen Gregers R
Published: October 2015

The complement system is an essential element of the innate immune response that becomes activated upon recognition of molecular patterns associated with microorganisms, abnormal host cells, and modified molecules in the extracellular environment. The resulting proteolytic cascade tags the complement activator for elimination and elicits a pro‐inflammatory response leading to recruitment and activation of immune cells from both the innate and adaptive branches of the immune system. Through these activities, complement functions in the first line of defense against pathogens but also contributes significantly to the maintenance of homeostasis and prevention of autoimmunity. Activation of complement and the subsequent biological responses occur primarily in the extracellular environment. However, recent studies have demonstrated autocrine signaling by complement activation in intracellular vesicles, while the presence of a cytoplasmic receptor serves to detect complement‐opsonized intracellular pathogens. Furthermore, breakthroughs in both functional and structural studies now make it possible to describe many of the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying complement activation and the subsequent downstream events, as well as its cross talk with, for example, signaling pathways, the coagulation system, and adaptive immunity. We present an integrated and updated view of complement based on structural and functional data and describe the new roles attributed to complement. Finally, we discuss how the structural and mechanistic understanding of the complement system rationalizes the genetic defects conferring uncontrolled activation or other undesirable effects of complement.
Die EZB vor Gericht
Authors: Thiele Alexander
Published: October 2015

Die von der EZB im Zusammenhang mit der Eurokrise ergriffenen Maßnahmen bilden aktuell auch den Gegenstand einiger gerichtlicher Verfahren. Der Beitrag erläutert die Hintergründe dieser Verfahren und legt dar, dass der Streit um die „richtige“ Geldpolitik von diesen letztlich nicht entschieden werden kann.
Die Auswirkungen des Niedrigzinsumfelds auf die Bausparkassen
Authors: Köhler Matthias
Published: October 2015

In den vergangenen Monaten haben sich die Nachrichten gehäuft, dass die Bausparkassen Altverträge, die für die Kunden lukrativ sind, kündigen. Insgesamt sollen laut Presseberichten mehr als 150.000 Bausparer von den Kündigungen betroffen sein. Vor diesem Hintergrund soll in diesem Artikel analysiert werden, wie sich das Niedrigzinsumfeld auf die Bausparkassen auswirkt und wie sich die Profitabilität der Bausparkassen in den vergangenen Jahren entwickelt hat. Darüber hinaus wird untersucht, von welchen Faktoren die Zinsspanne der Bausparkassen abhängig ist.
MENGELOLA HUTANG DALAM PERSPEKTIF ISLAM
Authors: Cahyadi Ady
Published: October 2015

Hutang adalah muamalah yang dibolehkan dalam islam. Hutang dapat membawa seseorang ke surga karena niatnya untuk tolong menolong sesama manusia (hablun minannaas) namun hutang juga dapat membawa seseorang terjerumus kedalam api neraka manakala tidak dikelola dengan baik. Permasalahan akibat hutang piutang seringkali muncul karena adab-adab dalam berhutang tidak diperhatikan pemberi hutang (kreditur) maupun peminjam (debitur). Oleh karena itu hutang (qardh) perlulah dikelola dengan memperhatikan petunjuk-petunjuk islam baik yang tertuang dalam alquran maupun dalam alhadits sehingga kegiatan hutang piutang dapat membawa keberkahan dan menjadi solusi bagi umatDOI: 10.15408/ess.v4i1.1956
Thermal and energy evaluation of a novel polymer-ceramic composite as insulation for a household refrigerator
Authors: Belman Juan Manuel , González-Rolón Bárbara , Serrano-Arellano Juan , Gámez-Arredondo Sergio
Published: October 2015

This article presents a feasibility study of a new polymer-ceramic composite material applied as a thermal insulator on the surface of a low net volume household refrigerator. This paper describes its manufacture in a succinct manner, and a thermal and energy comparison between the factory refrigerator and the refrigerator with the composite installed. Based on the experiments, it is concluded that when using the composite, the average internal temperature of the fridge is increased by 1°C, for practical and design purposes, the refrigerator still functions below 3°C. It was also found that at stable operating conditions the energy consumption using the composite saves approximately 1.5%. Despite these slight savings, the pyro-expanded perlite composite acts as a thermal isolating material. This material may exhibit better ease of use and thermal, energetic and economic benefits, without omitting the environmental characteristics that they favor.
Mining unstructured data to support requirements elicitation by using controlled vocabularies: A systematic mapping study
Authors: Barros-Justo José Luis
Published: October 2015

This paper presents a work-in-progress that deals with the assessment of the use of controlled vocabularies during the processes of requirements engineering, as a means to mine data from different sources (interviews, contracts, schemas and diagrams). By doing this the requirements description, analysis and comprehension is facilitated for both developers and end users. As a research methodology, we decided to use a systematic mapping study covering the last fourteen years (2000 - 2014). As far as we know, such studies have not yet been done; however, the cost incurred from errors in the requirements elicitation phase is one of the problems that is most commonly reported by the practitioners. Our study includes data on the processes of building the controlled vocabulary and assesses the productivity and quality. We are also interested in tools and techniques to classify and retrieve information. Our first findings suggest that this is an under-research area.
Wail: The Life of Bud Powell, and The Amazing Bud Powell: Black Genius, Jazz History, and the Challenge of Bebop
Authors: Seguin Pierre-Emmanuel
Published: October 2015

Book reviews of: Peter Pullman, Wail: The Life of Bud Powell. New York: Peter Pullman, LCC, 2012. 488 pp. ISBN 978-0-9851418-1-3 (pbk). $19.99. Guthrie P. Ramsey, Jr, The Amazing Bud Powell: Black Genius, Jazz History, and the Challenge of Bebop. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2013. 240 pp. ISBN 978-0-520-24391-0 (hbk). £24.95/$34.95.
Ramularia areola sporulation potential in Brazilian cotton
Authors: Galbieri Rafael , Cia Edivaldo , Morello Camilo de Lelis , Fanan Sheila , Andrade Junior Edson Ricardo , Kobayasti Leimi
Published: October 2015

Ramularia blight, caused by Ramularia areola, is one of the most important diseases affecting cotton crop in Brazil. For its effective control, 5-9 fungicide applications on susceptible cultivars are necessary. The aim of the present study was to evaluate, in vitro and in vivo, the sporulation potential of R. areolaisolates from different Brazilian regions at distinct temperatures. Spore production was assessed in the laboratory and under green house conditions by using leaves from plants of eight cotton cultivars. The in vitro results indicated that the potential of spore production was dependent on temperature. Maximum sporulation of the fungus occurred at 17°C for isolates from São Paulo State and 23°C for isolates from Goiás and Mato Grosso States. In the in vivo study, there was a variation in spore production according to the cultivar and the isolate. Most isolates showed to be highly aggressive on cultivars FM966 LL and DELTAOPAL. The obtained results suggest a more rational use of fungicides and cultivars with decreased fungal sporulation and can form the basis for further studies of the pathogenic variability of this fungus in cotton crops in Brazil. This is the first report on the sporulation potential of Brazilian R. areola isolates.
Significados identificacionais: ethos e espaço político na constituição discursiva da realidade social feminina
Authors: BARROS Dulce Elena Coelho
Published: October 2015

O aporte teórico-metodológico deste estudo é tomado da vertente faircloughiana de Análise de Discurso Crítica. Com base em Fairclough (2003), que concebe o discurso na confluência de três práticas, quais sejam, as práticas linguística, discursiva e social, as análises aqui empreendidas se voltam para práticas discursivas de parlamentares que ocupam o espaço sociopolítico do Parlamento Nacional brasileiro para abordarem o tema "mulher". O ethos dos atores políticos envolvidos nessa prática é discutido a partir dos significados identificacionais, dimensão analítica que, ao lado dos significados acionais e representacionais, se faz presente no modelo teórico-metodológico criado por Fairclough para análise de texto numa perspectiva social. A natureza argumentativa dos textos a partir dos quais foram extraídos os dados deste estudo, mostrou-se propícia à inclusão de aspectos abordados por Aristóteles (2000) em sua Retórica das Paixões, tais como cólera, calma e favor, categorias que, entre outros fatores, se coadunam com modos particulares de ser (identidades sociais pessoais) focalizados neste artigo. Em consonância com a proposta de discutir o espaço político da constituição discursiva da realidade social feminina, lanço mão daquilo que Charaudeau (2006) denomina de lugares de fabricação do discurso político, a saber, um lugar de governança, um lugar de opinião e um lugar de mediação. O estudo demonstra que a prática discursiva parlamentar sofre influências do contexto institucional da produção textual, no seio do qual o tratamento de temas relativos aos sujeitos sociais femininos se converte em instrumento útil ao agir parlamentar, bem como ao funcionamento e atuação das ideologias sobre o mundo da vida daquelas que se vêem nela representadas.
Ensino de língua estrangeira como prática translíngue: articulações com teorizações bakhtinianas
Authors: ROCHA Cláudia Hilsdorf , MACIEL Ruberval Franco
Published: October 2015

O presente artigo discute a noção de prática translíngue, em contraposição a orientações monolíngues e monolíticas, no campo do ensino de língua estrangeira. Para tanto, são tecidas considerações sobre a noção de superdiversidade e seus impactos nos modos de expressão e construção de conhecimento na atualidade. As teorizações bakhtinianas, por meio dos conceitos de dialogismo e heteroglossia, são atreladas às bases do pensamento translíngue, trazendo à tona a ideia de espaço público para sustentar a importância de uma pedagogia voltada à responsabilidade social.
Locativos no espanhol quatrocentista: um estudo do Atalaya de las crónicas
Authors: DUCHOWNY Aléxia Teles , FONSECA Simone Fonseca
Published: October 2015

Estudo dos locativos derivados de UBI e UNDE latinos no Atalaya de las crónicas, relato histórico escrito em espanhol por Alfonso Martínez de Toledo, datado do século XV. O sistema de derivados do UBI e UNDE latinos é composto de três categorias gramaticais: advérbios, pronomes relativos e conjunções, cujas formas mais frequentes foram DONDE e DO. Os itens, basicamente locativos concretos, tendem a abstratizar-se e a expandir seus significados, chegando a mudar, inclusive, de função gramatical, adquirindo maior gramaticalidade. Assim, além da descrição dos locativos, analisou-se a gramaticalização e o surgimento da conjunção DONDE. Essa abstratização favoreceu a reanálise do pronome relativo em conjunção, o que pôde ser bem compreendido a partir da observação de ocorrências ambíguas, inseridas em contextos que permitem uma dupla interpretação: pronome relativo ou conjunção.
Preliminary notes on the macrolichens of Serra do Cachimbo, northcentral Brazil
Authors: Brako Lois , Dibben Martyn J. , Amaral Iêda do
Published: October 2015

This paper reports on the April-May 1983 Projeto Flora expedition to Serra do cachimbo in northcentral Brazil, a phytogeographically poorly known area near the transition between the Amazon forest and the central Brazilian planalto. The objective of this expedition was to collect botanical specimens with special emphasis on lichens. Rock outcrops are common in this area and several soil types combined with varied topography give rise to a diversity of vegetation types including Amazon caatinga, campo rupestre, gallery forest and Amazon forest. A preliminary checklist of 91 macrolichens is provided with a discussion of ecological distribution of lichens in each habitat.
Endoparasite fauna of Brycon amazonicus and B. melanopterus(Characidae, Bryconinae) from Negro and Solimões rivers, Amazon, Brazil
Authors: RIBEIRO Thamy Santos , UEDA Bruno Hideo , PAVANELLI Gilberto Cezar , TAKEMOTO Ricardo Massato
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTCongeneric host species present similar biological and behavioral aspects, what may favor the presence of a similar parasite fauna. The aim of the present study was to compare the composition and structure of the parasite community from congeneric species, Brycon amazonicus and B. melanopterus, collected on the Negro and Solimões Rivers. The fish internal organs were longitudinally opened and analyzed under stereomicroscope. The examination revealed that B. amazonicuswas parasitized by Procamallanus(Spirocamallanus) inopinatus(26.7% and 35.5%), Contracaecum type 2 (10% and 16.13%) and Rhabdochona acuminata(0% and 3.23%), prevalence values for Negro and Solimões River, respectively. The analysis of B. melanopterus, a fish species found only in the Solimões River, revealed P.(S.) inopinatus(33.3%), Contracaecum type 1 (60%) and R. acuminata(3.34%). These results indicate that the taxonomic proximity of the hosts was a stronger influence on the parasite species than external host environment.
A Linguagem Movimento na Educação de Bebês para a Formação de Professores
Authors: Garanhani Marynelma Camargo , Nadolny Lorena de Fátima
Published: October 2015

Resumo:Este estudo aborda uma proposta de educação para bebês, ancorada nos pressupostos de Wallon, para discutir estratégias formativas que mobilizam a reflexão de professores sobre saberes da linguagem movimento na Educação Infantil. Para isto, utilizamos estratégias desenvolvidas com professoras de berçários dos Centros Municipais de Educação Infantil de Curitiba (Paraná), em parceria com o projeto de formação de professores Educamovimento: saberes e práticas na Educação Infantil da UFPR (2008-2013). O projeto nos levou a concluir que a formação continuada na Educação Infantil necessita promover a reflexão de práticas educativas que superem dificuldades pedagógicas, planejamento de situações educativas em consonância com as características dos bebês e de suas possibilidades de movimentação, a organização do cotidiano pedagógico e suas práticas de movimento.
Distribuição Sazonal de Heterotermes Tenuis (Hagen) em Povoamentos de Eucalyptus spp.
Authors: Castro Cibele Kotsubo da Cunha e , Dorval Alberto , Peres Filho Otávio , Silva Alex Lima da , Souza Édila Cristina de , Rocha Wilian de Oliveira
Published: October 2015

Este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar a distribuição sazonal de Heterotermes tenuis (Hagen), utilizando armadilhas celulósicas instaladas ao nível do solo, 50, 100 e 150 cm de profundidades. As coletas ocorreram quinzenalmente por um período de 12 meses no município de Cuiabá-MT, em plantios de Eucalyptus spp. Os dados foram analisados por meio do modelo estatístico de Modelo Inflacionados de Zeros (ZIP). No total foram coletados 266.918 indivíduos, sendo que a maior média obtida foi nas armadilhas instaladas a 100 cm de profundidade. Analisando os ambientes amostrados, o clone MG1277 e a espécie Eucalyptus camaldulensis apresentaram maior e menor quantidade de térmites coletados nas armadilhas, respectivamente. O aumento da quantidade de indivíduos está relacionado ao fator precipitação pluviométrica, porém foi registrado um maior número de indivíduos durante o período de estiagem devido às condições favoráveis oferecidas dentro das armadilhas celulósicas, tais como alimento, temperatura e umidade.
Germinação e Crescimento Inicial Entre Matrizes de Duas Espécies do Gênero Hymenaea
Authors: Souza Priscila Fernandes de , Santana Reynaldo Campos , Fernandes José Sebastião Cunha , Oliveira Luiz Felipe Ramalho de , Machado Evandro Luiz Mendonça , Nery Marcela Carlota , Oliveira Marcio Leles Romarco de
Published: October 2015

O gênero Hymenaea pertence à família Leguminosae, subfamília Caesalpinoideae, com nome popular de jatobá. No gênero Hymenaea, foram descritas aproximadamente 25 espécies. Já no Brasil, verifica-se a presença de 13 espécies, com destaque para a Hymenaea martiana Hayne e a Hymenaea courbaril Linneaus. Na literatura, há vários trabalhos que tratam principalmente da quebra de dormência das sementes e da produção de mudas, sobretudo da espécie Hymenaea courbaril Linneaus, porém essas avaliações por matriz ainda são incipientes. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar e comparar a germinação e o crescimento inicial de mudas entre as espécies e as matrizes de Hymenaea martiana Hayne e Hymenaea courbaril Linneaus. Foram desenvolvidos dois experimentos: o primeiro avaliou a germinação, e o segundo, o crescimento inicial de mudas. As duas espécies avaliadas apresentaram comportamentos distintos entre a germinação e o crescimento inicial das mudas, sendo a Hymenaea courbaril Linneaus a espécie com maior média para ambas variáveis, porém não apresentou variabilidade fenotípica entre matrizes.
Estimativas Volumétricas y Hipsométricas para el Barbatimão en el Norte de Minas Gerais
Authors: Gama Aldenir Teixeira da , Cabacinha Christian Dias , Meira Messulan Rodrigues , Leite Marcos Vinicius Santana
Published: October 2015

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar las estimaciones de volumen y altura para el barbatimão con el fin de generar ecuaciones, que se puedan utilizar en la preparación de planes de gestión sostenible de esta especie, a partir de modelos para así estimar el volumen total con corteza, sin corteza y de la corteza, y también las relaciones hipsométricas. Se comparó también la producción de corteza en las diferentes clases diamétricas. Un inventario forestal ejecutado posibilitó la realización de la cubicación rigurosa de 100 árboles, separados en ocho clases diamétricas por el método de Huber. Se probaron 16 modelos volumétricos de entrada simple y doble, y 6 de relaciones hipsométricas. Los modelos que mejor se ajustaron fueron el de Husch y Spurr en su forma logaritmizada para las estimaciones de volumen y el de Stofel para las estimaciones de altura. Respecto a la proporción de corteza se ha encontrado un mayor porcentaje en los especímenes de las menores clases diamétricas.
Uso de Substrato Compostado na Produção de Mudas de Eucalyptus dunnii e Cordia trichotoma
Authors: Da Ros Clovis Orlando , Rex Franciel Eduardo , Ribeiro Isadora Rangel , Kafer Pâmela Suélen , Rodrigues Alexandre Couto , Silva Rodrigo Ferreira da , Somavilla Lucindo
Published: October 2015

Os substratos apresentam influência na germinação e no crescimento de mudas de espécies florestais. Com o objetivo de avaliar a germinação, o crescimento e a qualidade de mudas de Eucalyptus dunnii e Cordia trichotoma em substratos obtidos pela compostagem de resíduos orgânicos foi conduzido um experimento na UFSM, campus de Frederico Westphalen, Brasil. Foram usados quatro substratos de compostagem (resíduos de restaurante universitário, resíduos de reciclagem de lixo domiciliar, dejeto líquido de bovinos e lodo do processo de flotação) e um substrato comercial (com e sem fertilizante mineral). O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. Os substratos influenciaram na velocidade de germinação, mas não afetaram o percentual final de germinação. Os substratos alternativos provenientes de resíduos de restaurante universitário e do lodo de processo de flotação proporcionaram maior altura e diâmetro de colo das mudas E. dunnii e C. trichotoma e podem ser usados em substituição ao substrato comercial.
Concentração eficiente e econômica de caulim para a proteção de algodoeiro contra o bicudo
Authors: Silva Ana Lígia Aureliano de Lima e , Silva Carlos Alberto Domingues da
Published: October 2015

Resumo:O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a concentração de caulim mais eficiente e econômica para a proteção de algodoeiro contra os danos causados pelo bicudo-do-algodoeiro (Anthonomus grandis). Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos de pulverizações com caulim nas concentrações: 20, 40, 60, 80 e 100 g L-1. Determinaram-se os seguintes parâmetros: percentagem de botões florais com orifícios de oviposição por fêmeas do bicudo; resíduos de caulim depositados sobre as folhas e as brácteas do algodoeiro; média da produção; e receita líquida do algodão, por hectare, a partir da pesagem da pluma de algodão com caroço. As percentagens de botões florais com orifício de oviposição variaram de 13,6 a 30,8%; o resíduo médio de caulim depositado nas folhas, de 0,0010 a 0,0034 mg mm-2, e nas brácteas, de 0,0010 a 0,0034 mg mm-2; a produção variou de 348,1 a 717,8 kg ha-1; e a receita líquida de algodão de R$ 1.033,88 a R$ 2.098,86 por hectare. As concentrações de caulim mais eficientes para a proteção de algodoeiro contra o bicudo são as de 60, 80 e 100 g L-1; no entanto, a de 60 g L-1foi a mais econômica.