bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study for Bacterial Infection in Acute Diarrhea Patients
Authors: Hassan Rana A. , Hussein Talib A.
Published: March 2024

500 samples of diarrhea stool were collected from different ages(less than 1year –upto30years) and for both genders from some patients in (Alwiya hospital for children, Al-kendi, central health public laboratory and some gavernarated labs) period(1/11/2009—1/10/2010). Kinds of bacteria and parasites agents were isolated and identified from patients with diarrhea.
Nine species of gram negative bacteria from enterobacteriaceae were isolated, E. coli isolated are the higher ratio 4.8% of all, then Salmonella typhi4.6% while the lowest ratios is Citrobacterfreundii 0.4%, while the other identified species were be among the previous rotios. also Plesomonasshigelloides was isolated which concedride one of the bacterial local studies.many methods were depend on in order to identifiy; growth on media like (Enrichment ,differentials and differetials) media.
Biochemical test represents with API20E, also. Some confirmed tests represent with a modern and important identical tools was used for first time to identify the entericbacteria, by (Rapid ID 32) usually used with mini API system where the results record automatically.
The common bacterial pathogenes isolated from blood culture in paediatric patients
Authors: Abbas Khalidah K. , AL-Wattar Wifaq . M. Ali , Jasim Atika A.
Published: March 2024

Fever is a common illness in the pediatric age group ,the causes could be viral ,bacterial and fungal , this study was focused on bacterial pathogens as gram positive like Staphylococci, coagulase positive or negative ,Streptococci and gram negative like E-coli , Klebsialla ,Proteus, Pseudomonas, Burkhoderia , Acinetobacter and others like Pusturella ,E-alkalescendiaper, Haemophillus influenza and yeast like candida .
Four thousand and seventy eight blood samples (4078)were collected in a period between January 2011 and the end of May 2012 at the child welfare hospital ,all the samples were cultured on suitable culture media and then biochemical tests were done using API-E 20 and sugar fermentation tests ,sensitivity test were done with number of antibiotics [1].
4078 cases examined only ,1107 showed positive growth ,264cases were contaminated and no bacterial growth seen in 2707.
The bacterial isolates during one year in pediatric age groups were mostly gram positive cocci ,followed by gram negative bacilli,and yeasts .
Antiamoebic activity of extracted alkaloids of Capparis spinosa in Laboratory mice
Authors: Mustafa Faten A. J. , Jaafer Azhar F.
Published: March 2024

The current study was concerned with the effect of alkaloid extract of the aerial parts of Capparis spinosa against Entamoeba histolytica and compared with drug Metronidazole in the laboratory mice .Stool samples were collected from people infected with maebiasis to infect laboratory mice . The alkaloid compounds were separated by thin chromatography technique (TLC) and identified by spectral methods represented by spectral infrared (IR) and altraviolate (UV) . the stady include determining mid-term lethal dose LD50 of the extract as the concentration was 21.65 g / kg . The effect dose of the extract was tested on the infected experimental mice with Entamoeba histolytica after 10 days of the infection compared with the mice infected and treated with the drug Metronidazole and with the control mice in which the therapeutic dose used was 2.89 g / kg for seven days.
Biodiversity Index value of benthic invertebrates' community in relation with variation of some environmental properties in Rivers Tigris and Diyala within Baghdad city.
Authors: Al-Kinani Dahlia M. Ali Hassan , Al-Mukhtar Emaduldeen A.
Published: March 2024

This study was carried out to determine the effects of some environmental variables on biodiversity index value of benthic invertebrates' community in samples that collected monthly from two adjacent sites nearby the confluence of Tigris and Diyala rivers within Baghdad city that’s from November 2007 - October 2008.
Results showed differences in chemical and physical characteristics for each river. Where the annual averages of these characteristics in Rivers Tigris and Diyala respectively for: water temperature (20, 19) Cº, pH (8, 8), Dissolved oxygen DO(8,4 ) mg/l , EC(1152,2979)µc/cm , Turbidity (28,74) NTU, Total Hardness of CaCO3 (485,823)mg/l, and finally NO3 (4,6)mg/l.
Concerning the biological groups, included types of Insects, Mollusks, Oligochaeta and finally Crustacea. The results revealed that the highest population density of insects in Rive Tigris was (31493.28) individual / m2, mollusks were (23177.64) individual / m2, Oligochaeta (10774.95) individual / m2, Crustacea (176.92) individual / m2. In River Diyala, the highest population density (18046.71),(382649.733) and (9908.00) individual / m2 respectively for mollusks, insects and Oligochaeta.
The results also showed that the highest biodiversity values according to Shannon-weaver Index, where appeared in Diyala river was higher from this that recorded in Tigris river , where H value (18.6) and J value(8.29), Tiger river distinguished The lower values (3.31,1.56) each of H,J respectively .
Positive and Negative relationships shows between almost invertebrates groups with physical and chemical characteristic of water. Positive significant relationship distinguished with almost all groups with Nitrate NO3 except Crustacea, whereas Negative relations with DO with each of Insects and Mollusks, where pH values Negative relationships with each of Insects and Oligochaeta. Also the relations were Negative to turbidity NTU values with each of Mollusks, Oligochaeta and Crustacea. These Connections may explain the effects of these characteristics on the survival and adaptation of these organisms to the study area.
An Unusual Route of Odontogenic Infection from the Mandible to the Orbit Through the Facial Spaces, Resulting in Blindness: A Rare Case
Authors: Nashawi Faez Ebrahim , Shasho Hamza Omar , Alkheder Ahmad
Published: March 2024

Orbital infection is a rare complication of odontogenic infections, mostly originating from maxillary teeth. In our case, we present one of the unusual routes by which an odontogenic infection of a lower molar tooth has spread into the orbit. A 67-year-old uncontrolled diabetic patient was referred to the ear, nose, and throat department with a complaint of a swollen right masseteric region and orbital infection following a dental procedure on the right mandibular third molar. Computed tomography scan and Magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple abscesses localized in the masseteric and infratemporal spaces and extending into the orbital cavity through a bony erosion in the lateral orbital with no sinus involvement. Improper treatment and poorly controlled diabetes resulted in the extensive spread of the infection. Clinical and radiological re-evaluation has played a major role in the management of our case by elucidating the route of infection and localizing abscess foci accurately, enabling the team to plan the proper surgical intervention.
Level of the Clinical Evidence:
Level 4
Achieving zero by 30 in Bangladesh through a One Health approach
Authors: Ghosh Sumon , Hasan Mohammad , Nath Nirmalendu , Haider Najmul , Jones Daleniece Higgins , Islam Md. , Rahaman M. Mujibur , Mursalin Hasan , Mahmud Nadim , Kamruzzaman Md. , Rabby Md. Fazlay , Kar Shotabdi , Ullah Sayed Mohammed , Shah Md. Rashed , Jahan Afsana , Rana Md. Sohel , Chowdhury Sukanta , Uddin Md. Jamal , Sunil Thankam , Ahmed Be-Nazir , Siddiqui Umme , Kaisar S. M. Golam , Islam Md. Nazmul
Published: March 2024

Background: Bangladesh is making progress toward achieving zero human dog-mediated rabies deaths by 2030, a global goal set in 2015.
Methods: Drawing from multiple datasets, including patient immunization record books and mass dog vaccination (MDV) databases, we conducted a comprehensive analysis between the years 2011 to 2023 to understand the effectiveness of rabies control programmes and predict human rabies cases in Bangladesh by 2030 using time-series forecasting models. We also compared rabies virus sequences in Bangladesh and other South Asian countries from GenBank.
Findings: The estimated dog population in Bangladesh was determined to be 1,668,140, with an average dog population density of 12.83 dogs/km2 (95% CI 11.14, 14.53) and a human-to-dog ratio of 86.70 (95% CI 76.60, 96.80). The MDV campaign has resulted in the vaccination of an average of 21,295 dogs (95% CI 18,654, 23,935) per district annually out of an estimated 26,065 dogs (CI 22,898, 29,230), resulting in an estimated vaccine coverage of 81.61% (95% CI 80.90, 82.31). A decreasing trend from predicted and observed human rabies cases was identified, and it is projected that Bangladesh will have zero human rabies cases by 2030 if the current trend persists. The phylogenetic analysis shows that rabies viruses in Bangladesh belong to the Arctic-like-1 group, which differs from those in Bhutan despite sharing a common ancestor.
Interpretation: Bangladesh's One Health approach demonstrated that an increase in MDV and anti-rabies vaccine (ARV) resulted in a decline in the relative risk of human rabies cases, indicating that eliminating dog-mediated human rabies could be achievable.
Construction of Enterprise-Level Global Supply Chain Database
Authors: Katafuchi Yuya , Li Xinmeng , Yamada Taiki , Fujii Hidemichi , Kanemoto Keiichiro
Published: March 2024

This study constructs the enterprise-level multi-regional input-output (EMRIO) table, a framework for analyzing global supply chains. The EMRIO table uniquely disaggregates existing sector-level input-output tables into an enterprise-level structure encompassing 71 countries, 11,158 sectors, 9,225 companies, 20,076 segments, and 78,676 subsegments. This approach allows for a detailed breakdown of global economic interactions, extending from individual companies to their diverse business units. The database is constructed by integrating annual security reports, fundamental financial information, business-to-business transactions, and bills of lading into input-output tables, facilitating a granular view of the global operations of enterprises. EMRIO's detailed structure is particularly adept at enhancing the understanding of global value chains and Scope 3 emissions, offering a new lens for examining the intricacies of international trade and corporate environmental impact.
The mitochondrial mRNA stabilizing protein, SLIRP, regulates skeletal muscle mitochondrial structure and respiration by exercise-recoverable mechanisms
Authors: Sylow Lykke , Pham Tang Cam Phung , Raun Steffen , Havula Essi , Henriquez-Olguín Carlos , Rubalcava-Gracia Diana , Frank Emma , Fritzen Andreas , Jannig Paulo , Andersen Nicoline , Kruse Rikke , Ali Mona , Halling Jens , Ringholm Stine , Needham Elise , Hansen Solvejg , Lemminger Anders , Schjerling Peter , Petersen Maria , de Almeida Martin , Jensen Thomas , Kiens Bente , Hostrup Morten , Larsen Steen , Ørtenblad Niels , Højlund Kurt , Kjær Michael , Ruas Jorge , Trifunovic Aleksandra , Wojtaszewski Jørgen , Nielsen Joachim , Qvortrup Klaus , Pilegaard Henriette , Richter Erik
Published: March 2024

Decline in mitochondrial function associates with decreased muscle mass and strength in multiple conditions, including sarcopenia and type 2 diabetes. Optimal treatment could include improving mitochondrial function, however, there are limited and equivocal data regarding the molecular cues controlling muscle mitochondrial plasticity. Here we uncover the mitochondrial-mRNA-stabilizing protein SLIRP, in complex with LRPPRC, as a PGC-1α target that regulates mitochondrial structure, respiration, and mitochondrially-encoded-mRNA pools in skeletal muscle. Exercise training effectively counteracted mitochondrial defects induced by loss of LRPPRC/SLIRP, despite sustained low mitochondrially-encoded-mRNA pools, via increased mitoribosome translation capacity. In humans, exercise training robustly increased muscle SLIRP and LRPPRC protein content across exercise modalities and sexes, yet this increase was less prominent in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Our work identifies a mechanism of post-transcriptional mitochondrial regulation in skeletal muscle through mitochondrial mRNA stabilization. It emphasizes exercise as an effective approach to alleviate mitochondrial defects by possibly increasing mitoribosome capacity.
Magma recharge at Manam volcano, Papua New Guinea, identified through thermal and SO2 satellite remote sensing of open vent emissions
Authors: Cotterill Adam , Nicholson Emma , Kilburn Christopher , Hayer Catherine
Published: March 2024

Manam is one of the most frequently active volcanoes in Papua New Guinea and is a top contributor to global volcanic volatile emissions due to its persistent open vent degassing. Here, we present a multi-year time series (2018-2021) of thermal and SO2 emissions for Manam from satellite remote sensing, which we interpret in the context of open vent feedbacks between magma supply, reservoir pressure, and outgassing. We classify the time series into four phases based on the varying SO2 flux and observe a transient, yet substantial, increase in time-averaged SO2 flux from background levels of ~0.6 kt day-1 to ~4.72 kt day-1 between March and July 2019. We also identify a transition from temporally-coupled to decoupled gas and thermal emissions during this period which we explain in the context of a magma recharge event that supplied new, volatile-rich magma to the shallow plumbing system beneath Manam. We infer that the arrival of this recharge magma triggered the series of eruptions between August 2018 and March 2019. These explosive events collectively removed 0.18 km3 of degassed residual magma and signalled the onset of a renewed period of unrest that ultimately culminated in a major eruption on 28 June 2019. We quantify the magnitude of “excess” degassing at Manam after the removal of the inferred residual magma. SO2 emissions reveal that ~0.18 km3 of magma was supplied but only ~0.08km3 was erupted between April 2019 and December 2021. We highlight how multi-parameter remote sensing observations over months to years enables interpretation of open vent processes that may be missed by short duration campaign measurements.
Numerical investigations of exhaling respiratory aerosol from inside of the human respiratory tract
Authors: Feng YaNing , Wang JinTao , Cui XinGuang
Published: March 2024

Abstract: The characteristics of exhaled aerosol outside the human respiratory airway are of significant importance in understanding virus transmission, yet they remain poorly understood. In order to effectively prevent and control the spread of respiratory infectious diseases, this study numerically investigates the exhaling characteristics of respiratory aerosol exhaled from the bronchus or larynx of a human upper airway model. This is achieved using the Euler-Lagrange method and considering various aerosol diameters (dp=0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 1-20 μm) as well as five expiratory flow intensities (Q=15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 L/min). The important findings of this study are as follows: (1) Expiratory airflow exhibits complex flow phenomena, including jet-flow, flow separations, and vortex structures, with their characteristics being influenced by the expiratory flow intensities. (2) The exhaling characteristics of aerosol vary depending on the combined effects of expiratory flow intensities, aerosol diameters, and initial exhaled locations from either the bronchus or larynx. (3) A critical diameter (dc) is identified to represent the size at which aerosol can effectively exit the respiratory airway and potentially pose a transmission risk. This critical diameter is identical for aerosol exhaled from both the bronchus and larynx under the same expiratory flow intensity, but it decreases as the expiratory flow intensity increases. In conclusion, expiratory flow intensity is the most critical factor in determining whether aerosol droplets can be expelled from the respiratory airway, as well as influencing the critical diameter (dc) for aerosol droplets initially located in/after the larynx.
Facial pareidolia or aggressive mimicry: Do you see a bunny on the face of cats?
Authors: GRAIPEL MAURICIO EDUARDO , Cerezer Felipe O. , Bogoni Juliano A. , Krobel Bruna N. , Cáceres Nilton C.
Published: March 2024

Felids have evolved different hunting strategies depending on the prey they want to capture. The ambush by “sit and wait” is most effective when the amount or size of prey outweighs the cost of energy spent during waiting time, being advantageous for small cats if they could attract an animal or smaller predators for a lure. The ‘silhouettes’ of prey on the face of felids have been observed in 25 of the 40 species on average and may be associated only with our (human) perception. However, if this is not only a case of ‘facial pareidolia’, these ‘silhouettes’ could be associated with aggressive mimicry. To evaluate this hypothesis, we assembled a species-level data set of biological and ecological characteristics that could be associated with ‘silhouettes’ on the face of felids and combined these data with a dated molecular phylogeny. Next, we tested the association between ‘silhouettes’ and biological and ecological characteristics using a Bayesian implementation of the threshold model. Our results point out that 'silhouettes' on the face of felids are associated with small prey size and small body mass of predators. Taken together, these findings bring a new perspective to ecological, behavioral, and evolutionary studies of predator-prey relationships.
Online News Channel Streaming: A Comprehensive Analysis of Channel and User Engagement during the Israel-Palestine Conflict
Authors: Alsubari Akram , Alhiba M. , Enan Ahlam , Aldawla Najran. N. H. , Alsurori M.
Published: March 2024

The current research aims to uncover insights into how online audiences engage with and respond to conflict-related news content. This research investigates public discourse on conflict through a comprehensive analysis of a dataset comprising three million YouTube comments collected from 37 reputable international news channels, such as the BBC, Al Jazeera, and CNN, within a time span of 37 days. This research presents a meticulous exploration of global public discourse during this critical juncture. Therefore, we built a dataset by mining and perusing three million user comments from comment sections provided by news channels that were streaming on YouTube. We selected 2095 news titles and 2.9 million comments covering the period from 5 Oct to 12 Nov. The dataset contains information (channels, titles, title descriptions, views, publishing dates, and comments). The dataset was carefully selected and analysed to encapsulate diverse perspectives and offer a representative snapshot of global reactions. This study employs natural language processing (NLP) techniques to explore sentiment dynamics, media influence, temporal patterns, and user behaviors within the comments section. Temporal patterns in comments are meticulously examined to discern evolving public perceptions over time. Furthermore, media influence is addressed by exploring how news channels shape and reflect public opinion during a conflict of global significance. Beyond traditional sentiment analysis, this study delves into user engagement profiles, shedding light on patterns of interaction and the factors influencing online discourse. This research extends beyond a conventional examination of online comments; it provides a nuanced understanding of how digital platforms become spaces for global dialogue during critical geopolitical events. These findings not only contribute to the field of online discourse analysis but also offer valuable insights for policymakers, media professionals, and scholars studying the intersection of digital communication and global affairs.
Lineage-specific canonical and non-canonical activity of EZH2 in advanced prostate cancer subtypes
Authors: Venkadakrishnan Varadha Balaji , Presser Adam G. , Singh Richa , Booker Matthew A. , Traphagen Nicole A. , Weng Kenny , Voss Nathaniel C. , Mahadevan Navin R. , Mizuno Kei , Puca Loredana , Idahor Osasenaga , Ku Sheng-Yu , Bakht Martin K. , Borah Ashir A. , Herbert Zachary T. , Tolstorukov Michael Y. , Barbie David A. , Rickman David S. , Brown Myles , Beltran Himisha
Published: March 2024

Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a histone methyltransferase and emerging therapeutic target that is overexpressed in most castration-resistant prostate cancers and implicated as a driver of disease progression and resistance to hormonal therapies. Here we define the lineage-specific action and differential activity of EZH2 in both prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) and neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) subtypes of advanced prostate cancer to better understand the role of EZH2 in modulating differentiation, lineage plasticity, and to identify mediators of response and resistance to EZH2 inhibitor therapy. Mechanistically, EZH2 modulates bivalent genes that results in upregulation of NEPC-associated transcriptional drivers (e.g., ASCL1) and neuronal gene programs, and leads to forward differentiation after targeting EZH2 in NEPC. Subtype-specific downstream effects of EZH2 inhibition on cell cycle genes support the potential rationale for co-targeting cyclin/CDK to overcome resistance to EZH2 inhibition.
Glucose deprivation-reperfusion induces labile iron overload and ferroptosis in renal tubules through V-ATPase-mTOR axis-mediated ferritinophagy and iron release by TPC2
Authors: Wu Guoyi , QIan Zhiyu , Zhang Xinyue , Huang Jiahua , Hou Yumin , Hu Chunlan , Cao Yirui , Wu Nannan , Zhu Tongyu
Published: March 2024

Renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury occurs commonly after kidney transplantation or partial nephrectomy. It is an important cause of impaired renal function with limited treatment. Ferroptosis, a distinct form of cell death characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, plays a crucial role in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, the precise alteration of iron metabolism during IR, its regulation and its relationship with ferroptosis remain poorly understood. This current study revealed that glucose deprivation-reperfusion and energy metabolism disruption are the major factors triggering cellular labile iron overload during IR. The iron overload resulted from the downregulation of vascular ATPase-mTOR (mammalian Target of Rapamycin) axis induced by abnormal energy metabolism. The mTOR dysfunction induced iron release from lysosomes through two pore channel 2. Meanwhile, the downregulation of mTOR activated ferritinophagy, degrading ferritin and increasing free iron. Iron overload is a significant contributor to IR-induced ferroptosis, and targeting labile iron alleviated ferroptosis during IR. Our findings emphasize the effects of energy metabolism and vascular ATPase-mTOR axis on iron homeostasis and ferroptosis, and establish a link between cellular iron overload and ferroptosis during renal IR.
Third-hand Smoke Perception and Awareness among Medical Students: A Survey Study
Authors: ARAS Aysun , BAYRAKTAR Mustafa
Published: March 2024

Objective
Third-hand smoke, which is harmful to health, is poorly known in community. The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge of medical students about third-hand smoking and to raise awareness.
Methods
Students enrolled in the medical programs of the Faculty of Medicine in the academic year 2022–2023 were contacted by an online Google survey method and asked to answer the survey questions. The survey questions included questions about the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants and the Beliefs about Third-Hand Smoke Scale.
Results
The median age of the 351 students who voluntarily participated in the study was 20.0 (IQR = 2.0) years, 55.3% were female and 16% were smokers. The mean score of the answers given by the participants to the scale questions asking their level of knowledge about third-hand smoke was 35.3 ± 5.9. The least known question was "Cigarette smoke particles can stay in a room for weeks". The most frequently answered question was "Breathing the air in a room where people smoked yesterday can damage the health of babies and children". Scale scores were significantly higher for participants who did not have smokers living in their home, did not allow smoking in their home, and said they had information about third-hand smoking.
Conclusion
Medical students had sufficient knowledge and awareness about third-hand smoking. Third-hand smoke should be included in training to increase the knowledge and awareness of medical students as part of preventive medicine practices.
Spatio-temporal distribution and response relationship of NDVI based on GeoDetector in the arid regions in Northwest China
Authors: ke haocheng , LIANG liang , TIAN MengHan , Wang Maolin , Yuan chunhui , Gao Yayu
Published: March 2024

Vegetation is an essential component of the earth's ecosystem. Exploring the dynamic changes of vegetation and its influencing factors in the arid regions in Northwest China (NWAC) is of great significance to the restoration and management of the regional ecological environment. In this paper, based on the long time series Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data (2000–2020), we analyzed the ecological changes in the NWAC at different spatial and temporal scales by using Theil-Sen Median and Mann-Kendall (Sen-MK), hurst index and others, and discussed the driving factors affecting NDVI changes using GeoDetector. The results indicate that the NDVI in the NWAC shows a significant upward trend (growth rate of 1.5×103 per year). Approximately 10% of the NWAC was ecologically improved, while 3% was degraded. In addition, the future changes of NDVI in the NWAC are characterized by anti-persistence. Precipitation (q = 0.502) is the main factor affecting NDVI in the NWAC, and the interaction with other factors has the strongest effect on the spatial differentiation of NDVI in the whole region. The results of this study can help to better understand the intricate mechanism of vegetation change, and provide a scientific foundation for future vegetation restoration and rational implementation of ecological projects in the NWAC.
Knowledge-Aware Attentive Embedding Learning for Educational Group Recommendation
Authors: Wang Duiqiang , Yang Qing , Wang Yifeng , Meng Tianhao , Zhang Jingwei , Liu Lianhai
Published: March 2024

With the advancement of personalized education, the use of recommendation to improve the effectiveness of cooperative group learning has gradually become one of the core methods in education. However, most existing group recommendation methods focus on aggregating the interests of members within a group, ignore the collaborative relationships between groups, members, and items. To address the above problem, we propose an approach called Knowledge-aware Attentive Embeddings learning for educational group recommendation(KAEG), in which we construct a knowledge graph to capture various information and collaborative relationships for group decision modeling. Specifically, the method designs Simplified Graph Convolutional (SGC) networks in the knowledge graph to capture the abundant structural information of items and the similarity of interests between users and between groups. Based on this information and similarities, we design attention-embedded aggregators to learn information about collaboration between members and groups for modeling group preferences. In addition, we use a joint training strategy to train the user recommendation task and the group recommendation task in the same process, which makes them mutually reinforcing. Experiments on real-world datasets demonstrate that our KAEG model outperforms other state-of-the-art baseline models.
Novel genetic loci, lifestyle factors, and inflammatory markers identified as risk factors for sarcoidosis
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Chen Jie , Zhao Sizheng Steven , Yarmolinsky James , Arkema Elizabeth , Tsilidis Konstantinos , Burgess Stephen , Larsson Susanna
Published: March 2024

We carried out a genome-wide association and Mendelian randomization analysis to probe genetic and environmental risk factors for sarcoidosis. We performed a genome-wide meta-analysis in 5,194 sarcoidosis cases and 777,559 non-cases from the FinnGen and UK Biobank studies. We estimated the heritability, pinpointed genomic risk loci, predicted deleteriousness, mapped corresponding genes, and enriched gene expression to tissues using FUMA (Functional Mapping and Annotation) and MAGMA (Multi-marker Analysis of GenoMic Annotation) softwares. We performed Mendelian randomization analyses to investigate the links between 6 modifiable factors and 66 inflammatory markers in relation to sarcoidosis. Genetic variants associated with these exposures at the genome-wide significance level and in low linkage disequilibrium were used as instrumental variables. The heritability of sarcoidosis explained by common genetic variants was around 12%. We annotated 14 genomic loci that surpassed the genome-wide significance threshold of which 6 loci were previously unreported. The locus proximal to TYK2 had a high potential deleterious impact on protein function. MAGMA revealed notable gene expression patterns in whole blood, spleen, and lung. Genetically predicted lower levels of physical activity and higher levels of body mass index, interleukin-23 receptor, and interleukin 1 receptor-like 2 were associated with a heighted risk of sarcoidosis.
WITHDRAWN: Water Distribution Network Design Using waterGems
Authors: Yennawar Rushikesh Rameshrao
Published: March 2024

The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn, as it was submitted in error. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.
The role of minocycline in inhibiting the formation of glial scars through the expression of CNTF, TGF-β1, and NF-κB p65 in traumatic brain injury model rats
Authors: Wardhana Donny Wisnu , Khotimah Husnul , Nazwar Tommy Alfandy , Nurdiana Nurdiana
Published: March 2024

Objective Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the causes of permanent disability. The formation of glial scar after TBI is thought to be a contributing factor to this permanent disability. Currently, there is no effective therapy and research is being conducted to find neuroprotectant therapy in TBI, it is proven that one of the drugs that has potential as a neuroprotectant is minocycline. With different target organs and diseases, minocycline can inhibit CNTF, TGF-β1, and NF-κB p65 which contribute to the formation of glial scar. Therefore, this study aims to determine the role of minocycline in inhibiting glial scar formation through CNTF, TGF-β1, and NF-κB p65 pathways in TBI rats.
Methods A total of 16 rats were randomly divided into four groups: TBI, TBI + MNO1, TBI + MNO2, and TBI + MNO3. On day 0, rats were exposed to brain injury with a weight drop model, then treated with minocycline orally for 14 days, and observed for cognitive function through Novel Object Recognition (NOR) test on day 15. On the next day, the rats were decapitated, and the brain was taken for immunofluorescence double staining. The determination of signaling pathways was performed by observing immunofluorescence double staining of CNTF, TGF-β1, and NF-κB p65 in perilesional areas containing glial scar using a Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM).
Results Administration of minocycline in TBI rats with a weight drop model can improve cognitive disorders after 14 days. The mechanism of minocycline in inhibiting glial scar formation is characterized by a decrease in GFAP intensity in the perilesion area of the brain through CNTF and TGF-β1 signaling pathways at doses of 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg orally. Although NF-κB p65 is not inhibited by minocycline specifically, NF-κB p65 interacting with CNTF and TGF-β1 plays a role in the mechanism of glial scar inhibition by minocycline. Inhibition of glial scar formation by minocycline promotes a permissive environment for axon regeneration, resulting in cognitive improvement after day 14.
Conclusion Minocycline plays a role in inhibiting glial scar formation through CNTF and TGF-β1 pathways in TBI model rats.
Strengthening crisis resilience in German primary care by using quality indicators: Findings of a process evaluation in the RESILARE project
Authors: Poß-Doering Regina , Koetsenrujiter Jan , Litke Nicola Alexandra , Weis Aline , Köppen Martina , Kümmel Stephanie , Szecsenyi Joachim , Wensing Michel
Published: March 2024

Background: In recent years, health systems worldwide were confronted with several crises such as natural disasters or the Covid-19 pandemic that affected lives and health of many people. In light of occurring waves of infections and heat, climate change is considered to be the biggest health threat of the 21st century. Strengthening individual and organizational crisis resilience in healthcare settings thus becomes a crucial factor in maintaining care quality and protecting vulnerable patients during such crises. The project RESILARE therefore aimed to develop and evaluate quality indicators which support primary care practices in preparing for and adapting to crisis-related challenges.
Methods: In a three-phased process, indicator development was based on systematic literature research and qualitative data, a two-stage expert panel process, and a pilot testing in a maximum of n=35 ambulatory practices during an outreach visit. Practice-individual indicator-related status and benchmarking were provided via feedback reports to complete the audit and feedback program. A mixed-methods process evaluation used semi-structured interviews with participating General Practitioners and non-physician health professionals to explore support and challenges for implementation of the derived set of quality indicators. Two online surveys were conducted to evaluate all indicators and the two-part feedback report. Qualitative data were analyzed inductively using a Thematic Analysis approach. Survey data were analyzed descriptively.
Results: A total of n=32 indicators covered four domains: (1) Individual Resilience, (2) Crisis Prevention, (3) Organizational Resilience, and (4) Climate Resilience. N=34 practices participated in the piloting and the process evaluation. Participants generally attributed a high relevance to the domains, and considered the indicator set to be suitable for implementation into existing quality management systems. Planning and implementation of measures that strengthen crisis resilience in practices were triggered or intensified by piloting the indicators and by the two-part feedback report. Identified challenges referred to the volume of indicators and to practice-individual implementation of the use of renewable energy sources in rented premises. Participants expressed their desire for peer exchange regarding proven concepts for crisis resilience.
Conclusion: The RESILARE quality indicators can strengthen crisis resilience and ecologically sustainable processes in primary care practices. Implementation into quality management systems should heed identified potential challenges to avoid overstraining of practices.
Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals Fruit Secondary Metabolites Alter Bat Nutrient Absorption
Authors: GELAMBI MARIANA , WHITEHEAD SUSAN R.
Published: March 2024

The ecological interaction between fleshy fruits and frugivores is influenced by diverse mixtures of secondary metabolites that naturally occur in the fruit pulp. Although some fruit secondary metabolites have a primary role in defending the pulp against antagonistic frugivores, these metabolites also potentially affect mutualistic interactions. The physiological impact of these secondary metabolites on mutualistic frugivores remains largely unexplored. Using a mutualistic fruit bat (Carollia perspicillata), we showed that ingesting four secondary metabolites commonly found in plant tissues affects bat foraging behavior and induces changes in the fecal metabolome. Our behavioral trials showed that the metabolites tested typically deter bats. Our metabolomic surveys suggest that secondary metabolites alter, either by increasing or decreasing, the absorption of essential macronutrients, including carbohydrates and lipids. These behavioral and physiological effects vary based on the specific identity and concentration of the metabolite tested. Our results also suggest that a portion of the secondary metabolites consumed is excreted by the bat intact or slightly modified. By identifying key shifts in the fecal metabolome of a mutualistic frugivore caused by secondary metabolite consumption, this study improves our understanding of the effects of fruit chemistry on frugivore physiology.
Real World Community-Based HIV Rapid Start Antiretroviral with B/F/TAF versus Conventional HIV Antiretroviral Therapy Start – The RoCHaCHa Study, A Pilot Study
Authors: Valenti William , Scutaru Jacob , Mancenido Michael , Zuppelli Ashley , Danforth Alexandra , Corales Roberto , Hilliard Shealynn
Published: March 2024

Background
The rapid start of antiretroviral therapy (RSA) model initiates antiretroviral therapy (ART) as soon as possible after a new or preliminary diagnosis of HIV, in advance of HIV-1 RNA and other baseline laboratory testing. This observational study aims to determine if RSA with a single tablet regimen of bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF) is an effective regimen for achieving viral suppression and accepted by patients at the time of diagnosis.
Methods
Adults newly or preliminarily diagnosed with HIV were enrolled from October 2018 through September 2021. Real world advantage, measured in days between clinical milestones and time to virologic suppression, associated with B/F/TAF RSA was compared to historical controls.
Results
All Study RSA participants (n = 45) accepted treatment at their first visit and 43(95.6%) achieved virologic suppression by week 48. Study RSA participants had a significantly shorter time (median 32 days) from diagnosis to ART initiation and virologic suppression, in comparison to historical controls (median 181 days) (n = 42). Qualitative feedback from study RSA participants showed high acceptance positive response to RSA.
Conclusions
RSA is feasible and well accepted by patients in a real-world community-based clinic setting. Promoting RSA in community-based clinics is an important tool in ending the HIV epidemic.
The effect of a sub-classification of pediatric Gartland type Ⅲ on determining the prognosis of supracondylar humerus fractures and treatment modality.
Authors: Qiao Yusen , Zhao Xue-quan , Xixi Han , Haifu Sun , Yongben Li , Bin Zhao , Yao Shuzhang
Published: March 2024

Background
The new Gartland classification of supracondylar humeral fractures was based on fracture location and displacement. However, incarcerated supracondylar humerus fractures were not considered. The new sub-classification is Gartland Ⅲ C. This paper explains the theory and methods of this classification.
Methods
In this study, we included all patients with Gartland Ⅲ C who underwent surgery between January 2019 and January 2023. The patients were divided into two groups according to surgical treatment. One patient underwent closed reduction and internal fixation (Group A), whereas the other underwent open reduction and internal fixation (Group B). The Baumann angle, final Flynn scores, and malformations were evaluated in both groups.
Results
We include 56 patients with a mean age of 6.96 years (4–12 years). The chosen treatments were 34 closed reduction and internal fixation (Group A) and 22 open reduction and internal fixation (Group B). The difference in fracture healing time between the two groups was not statistically significant. At 6 months postoperatively, group B had a smaller robust Baumann angle than group A. The Flynn grade of elbow function at the last follow-up was better in group B than in group A. The postoperative review showed coronal and sagittal deformities were smaller in group B than in group A.
Conclusions
Completely displaced Gartland Ⅲ C fractures treated using open reduction and internal fixation have a lower risk of complications than those treated using closed reduction and internal fixation. We propose the sub-classification of Gartland IIIC for this type of fracture.
Multilevel barriers to guideline implementation - a nationwide multi- professional cross- sectional study within child and adolescent psychiatry
Authors: Santesson Anna Helena Elisabeth , Holmberg Robert , Bäckström Martin , Gustafsson Peik , Perrin Sean , Jarbin Håkan
Published: March 2024

Background
Despite efforts to promote guideline use, guideline adoption is often suboptimal due to failure to identify and address relevant barriers. Barriers vary not only between guidelines but also between settings, intended users, and targeted patients. Multi-professional guidelines are often used in child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS), making the implementation process more difficult. Despite this, there is a lack of knowledge about which barriers to consider or if barriers vary by profession. The aim of this study was to address these gaps by examining barriers to adopting a multi-professional depression guideline in the context of a nationwide implementation study.
Methods
440 CAMHS clinicians across Sweden (52%) completed the Barriers and Facilitators Assessment Instrument (BFAI) ahead of an implementation endeavour. BFAI is a widely used and validated measure of guideline implementation on four scales: Innovation, Provider, Context, and Patient. Barriers were calculated at scale and at item levels. ANOVA and chi-square tests were used to analyse differences by profession and effect sizes were calculated.
Results
Overall, clinicians were optimistic about guideline uptake, particularly about guideline characteristics and own adoption abilities. Barriers were related to the patient and the context domains, as well as individual clinician knowledge and training. Perceptions differed across professions; psychiatrists were most, and counsellors were least positive about guideline embeddedness.
Conclusion
This large-scale quantitative study suggests that CAMHS clinicians have an overall favourable attitude towards guideline adoption but highlight the need for adaptations to certain patient groups. Strategies to improve guideline use should primarily address these patient issues while securing proper support. Implementation efforts, particularly those targeting staff knowledge, training, and involvement, may benefit from being tailored to different professional needs. These findings may inform implementation projects in CAMHS and future research.
The Role of Family Support in Entrepreneurial Endeavors: Perspectives from Family-Owned Businesses
Authors: Dewi Lutfiana
Published: March 2024

This qualitative research explores the multifaceted dynamics of family support within the context of entrepreneurial ventures, with a specific focus on family-owned businesses. Through in-depth interviews and thematic analysis, the study investigates the experiences, perceptions, and challenges faced by entrepreneurs in navigating the intricate interplay between familial relationships and business pursuits. The findings highlight the pivotal role of family support in shaping entrepreneurial journeys, influencing decision-making processes, fostering resilience, and sustaining long-term success. Emotional support emerges as a central theme, with participants emphasizing the importance of encouragement, understanding, and empathy from family members. Financial support from family members is also identified as crucial, providing entrepreneurs with the resources and stability needed to pursue their business ventures. Decision-making dynamics within family-owned businesses reflect the complexities of balancing familial relationships with business objectives, while generational transitions represent a critical juncture in the lifecycle of family enterprises, with implications for continuity, innovation, and identity preservation. The study underscores the importance of understanding the nuances of family support dynamics for fostering synergy and facilitating the sustainable growth of family-owned enterprises. By illuminating the complexities and challenges inherent in family relationships and their impact on entrepreneurial outcomes, the research contributes to a deeper understanding of the role of family in entrepreneurship. Moving forward, further research and practical interventions aimed at enhancing family cohesion, communication, and governance structures can contribute to the resilience and sustainability of family-owned businesses in an increasingly dynamic and competitive business landscape.
Optimized protocol for collecting root canal biofilms for in vitro studies
Authors: Goulart Rafael da Silva , Oliveira-Silva Mariana , Silva-Sousa Yara Teresinha Correa , Miranda Carlos Eduardo Saraiva , Pitondo-Silva André
Published: March 2024

Aim
The goal of this study was to standardize a new protocol for collecting biofilm from the interior of the root canal system (RCS) for in vivo testing.
Methodology:
In this study, 44 bovine incisors were used. The samples were divided into three experimental groups: 14 teeth, 12 for counting colony-forming units (CFU), and two samples for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The first group was used for the biofilm collection protocol proposed here, the second group for the 2nd Biofilm Collection Protocol collection, and the third group for biofilm collection with an absorbent paper tip. Two additional teeth were used as sterilization controls to ensure that the experiments were free of contamination. The coronal region was removed and standardized at 15 mm. They were fitted with a Protaper up to the F5 insert, and the apical foramen was sealed with composite resin. The roots were stabilized with acrylic resin in a 1.5 mL Eppendorf tube. The specimens were sterilized and then inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis NTCT 775 every 24 h for 21 days. Following the period, each group underwent biofilm collection protocols, and CFU and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) data were analyzed. Shapiro–Wilk and one-way ANOVA tests were used to determine statistically significant differences between groups.
Results
The biofilm collection protocol group had the most CFUs, with extremely high values when compared with the other groups when converted to Log10. The results of the One-Way ANOVA test revealed that the 2nd collection protocol and absorbent paper tip collection groups were statistically similar (p > 0.05), whereas the biofilm collection protocol group was not.
Conclusion
The biofilm collection protocol proposed in this study was effective at collecting microorganisms from within the RCS. Compared to the biofilm collection protocol with paper cones, the in vivo collection protocol from bovine teeth yielded significantly more CFUs. Thus, the proposed protocol significantly increases the bacterial load of biofilms collected from the RCS sample, bringing the experiments closer to the reality of endodontic infections.