bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zwangsspektrumsstörungen in der ICD-11
Authors: Bey Katharina
Published: February 2025

In der elften Revision der International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) wird die Zwangsstörung nicht mehr dem Kapitel “Neurotische, Belastungs- und somatoforme Störungen” zugeordnert, sondern bildet mit weiteren, symptomatisch überlappenden Störungsbildern das neue Kapitel “Zwangsstörung oder verwandte Störungen”. Dort aufgeführt werden neben der Zwangsstörung selbst die körperdysmorphe Störung, der Eigengeruchswahn, die Hypochondrie, das pathologische Horten, körperbezogene repetitive Verhaltensstörungen, darunter die Trichotillomanie und die Dermatillomanie, das Tourette-Syndrom sowie substanzinduzierte, sekundäre und sonstige näher bzw. nicht näher bezeichnete Zwangs- und verwandte Störungen. Kernmerkmal aller Zwangsspektrumsstörungen sind sich wiederholende und exzessive Verhaltensweisen, teils begleitet von repetitiven, aufdringlichen Gedanken. Anhand des neuen Specifiers “Einsichtsfähigkeit” kann für einige Zwangsspektrumsstörungen zusätzlich kodiert werden, ob eine mittelmäßige bis gute Krankheitseinsicht oder eine schlechte bis fehlende Krankheitseinsicht vorliegt. Die Etablierung des Kapitels “Zwangsstörung oder verwandte Störungen” in der ICD-11 wird durch zahlreiche bildgebende, genetische und neurochemische Studien gestützt. Die verschiedenen Zwangsspektrumsstörungen treten häufig gemeinsam auf und sprechen auf ähnliche Behandlungsmethoden an. Als Goldstandard gelten störungsspezifische Formen der Exposition mit Reaktionsmanagement bzw. des Habit Reversal Trainings. Im vorliegenden Artikel werden die einzelnen Zwangsspektrumsstörungen näher beschrieben, diagnostische Neuerungen erläutert und kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutische Behandlungsansätze aufgezeigt. Ein besonderer Fokus liegt dabei auf den therapeutischen Implikationen, die sich aus der neuen diagnostischen Einordnung ergeben.
Non-Metastatic Pure Pancreatic Hepatoid Carcinoma With Genomic and Transcriptomic Analysis: A Case Report
Authors: Punnen Subin , Csizmok Veronika , Frey Connor , Gilbert Richard , Schaeffer David F. , Yip Stephen , Marra Marco A. , Laskin Janessa , Bleszynski Michael , Owen Daniel R.
Published: February 2025

Background: Pancreatic hepatoid carcinoma (PHC) is a rare and poorly characterized malignancy, with approximately 50 reported cases in the literature. Pure pancreatic hepatoid carcinoma, which lacks any features of adenocarcinoma or neuroendocrine differentiation, is a subset of this population and is extremely rare. Data on its management and genomic findings are limited, and further characterization may provide helpful information in caring for these patients. Case Presentation: A 42-year-old female who was found to have a large, well-circumscribed mass in the body of the pancreas with elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein. Imaging demonstrated an 8.5 cm pancreatic lesion with no other disease. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biopsy revealed a bile-producing carcinoma with morphological and immunohistochemical features consistent with hepatocellular carcinoma. She underwent a subtotal pancreatectomy and splenectomy, and pathologic evaluation confirmed a well-differentiated pure pancreatic hepatoid carcinoma confined to the pancreas. Whole genome and transcriptome analysis showed microsatellite stability, an elevated tumour mutation burden, copy number alterations in Chr19p13.3 and no mutations typically seen in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). These findings support the diagnosis of a pure hepatoid carcinoma with clinical, histopathological, and genomic characteristics resembling hepatocellular carcinoma. She remains disease-free at nine months without adjuvant therapy. Conclusion: This case demonstrates further characterization of a rare pancreatic lesion and illustrates the importance of integrated histopathological and genomic analyses in characterizing rare malignancies. Additionally, our findings suggest that pure PHC may be a distinct entity, rather than a variant of PDAC.
Optical Coherence Tomography imaging of perforating scleral vessels and dilated choroidal veins as potential image markers in myopic choroidal neovascularization using optical coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Ruiz-Medrano Jorge , Almazán-Alonso Elena , Puertas Mariluz , Flores-Moreno Ignacio , García-Zamora María , Kudsieh Bachar , Ruiz-Moreno José M.
Published: February 2025

Introduction: To analyze the role of perforating scleral vessel (PSV) and dilated choroidal veins (DCV) underneath macular myopic choroidal neovascularization (mCNV).
Methods: This retrospective case-control study analyzed 78 eyes from 78 highly myopic patients defined by an axial length (AL) of ≥26 mm, assessed by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT-angiography (OCTA) imaging. Patients with clinical diagnosis of mCNV and good-quality OCTA images were selected. Swept source (SS)-OCT and SS-OCTA images (TRITON; Topcon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) were reviewed to detect image markers in the mCNV area. Highly myopic eyes without mCNV, matched by age and AL, were used as control group. The presence of PSV and DCV were recorded. Myopic maculopathy was graded using the ATN (Atrophic, Traction and Neovacularization) classification.
Results: 78 eyes from 78 patients (39 with mCNV and 39 without mCNV) were included, out of the total 775 eyes screened. Fifty-nine (75.6%) of them were women. The mean ATN grading of myopic-maculopathy was compared between eyes with mCNV and those without mCNV: Atrophy scores were 2.71±0.97 vs. 2.30±0.89, respectively (p=0.04); Traction scores were 0.64±0.66 vs. 0.84±0.98, respectively (p=0.54); and Neovascularization scores were 2.00±0.00 vs. 0.33±0.73, respectively (p<0.001). The presence of OCT-imaging markers did not significantly differ between groups; i.e., PSV was found in 34/39 vs. 32/39 (p=0.53) eyes and DCV was found in 11/39 vs. 7/39 eyes, mCNV vs. control group respectively (p=0.28).
Conclusions: PSV and DCV are image markers present in a high number of highly myopic eyes, which are not specific to mCNV
The Long-Term Behavioural Effects of Maternal Creatine Supplementation in a Spiny Mouse Model of Birth Asphyxia
Authors: Tran Nhi T. , Tran James , Yawno Tamara , Snow Rod J. , Walker David W. , Ellery Stacey J.
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Birth asphyxia-induced encephalopathy is a major cause of long-term neurological morbidity, including cognitive and motor deficits. A proposed treatment is maternal creatine supplementation for prophylactic neuroprotection. This study examined how maternal creatine supplementation with or without birth asphyxia affected the behaviour of spiny mice offspring.

Methods: On day 20 of gestation (mid-gestation; term=39 days), dams were randomly allocated to either a daily diet containing 5% w/w creatine monohydrate or remained on standard rodent chow. On gestational day 38, dams underwent either control caesarean section where offspring were delivered and recovered immediately, or birth asphyxia whereby the pregnant uterus was excised and placed in a saline bath for 7.5 min, inducing global hypoxia. All offspring were then cross-fostered to a lactating dam. Behavioural assessments were then completed on recovered offspring from neonatal to adolescent/adult ages (postnatal day [PND]3–41) using the open-field, elevated plus maze and novel object recognition test was conducted.

Results: Offspring that underwent birth asphyxia displayed locomotor deficits and increased anxiety-like behaviour at PND3-7 in the open-field test (p<0.05) and impaired novel object discrimination at PND18 (p<0.05). Antenatal creatine exposure reduced anxiety-like behaviour irrespective of asphyxia in pups at PND3, indicating an amelioration of the asphyxia-induced anxiety-like behaviour. In adolescence/adulthood, creatine and asphyxia-exposed offspring showed reduced object exploration (p<0.0001). Antenatal creatine led to sustained reductions in anxiety-like behaviour in the elevated plus maze at adolescence and increased body weight, regardless of birth asphyxia exposure (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Antenatal creatine exposure following maternal dietary creatine supplementation decreased anxiety-like behaviour in spiny mice offspring. This change negated behavioural abnormalities caused by birth asphyxia in the neonatal period, though it may have broader influences on long-term emotional and information processing in offspring which warrants further investigation.
Atrial Fibrillation Treatment Pathway in the Emergency Department Reduces Median 30‐Day Health Service Charges
Authors: Mahmood Rafat , Armbruster Tiffany , Jin Wanting , Choudhury Allysha , Rosman Lindsey , Mazzella Anthony J. , Li Quefeng , Biese Kevin , Stearns Sally C. , Gehi Anil K.
Published: February 2025

Background

The economic burden of atrial fibrillation (AF) continues to increase. AF treatment pathways have been shown to reduce avoidable admissions, but the effects on health care costs are not understood. This study sought to assess the impact of an AF treatment pathway on health service charges and emergency department (ED) discharge rates.

Methods

An AF treatment pathway was implemented at 7 hospital EDs in North Carolina between 2017 and 2020. Thirty‐day health service charges were calculated for ED visits, hospitalizations, and outpatient clinic appointments. A quasi‐experimental design was used to assess changes in health service charges and ED discharge rates following implementation of the AF treatment pathway. Adjusted quantile and negative binomial regressions were used to analyze changes in median 30‐day health service charges and discharge rates from the ED, respectively.

Results

Among 12 504 patients that met eligibility for study inclusion (preperiod: n=3893; postperiod: n=8611), implementation of the AF treatment pathway significantly reduced 30‐day health service charges (preperiod: $11 922; postperiod: $9219;
P
<0.001). In adjusted models, implementation of the AF treatment pathway was associated with an $834 decrease in median 30‐day health service charges (95% CI, −$1630 to $−37;
P
=0.04). Additionally, the adjusted predicted probability of ED discharge increased from 65.3% to 70.0% after the AF treatment pathway implementation, a 4.7 percentage point increase (95% CI, 1.4–8.0;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

The implementation of an AF treatment pathway in the ED was associated with a decrease in median 30‐day health service charges and an increase in ED discharge rate for patients presenting with AF.
Diagnostic tests performance indices
Authors: Habibzadeh Farrokh
Published: February 2025

Diagnostic tests are important means in clinical practice. To assess the performance of a diagnostic test, we commonly need to compare its results to those obtained from a gold standard test. The test sensitivity is the probability of having a positive test in a diseased-patient; the specificity, a negative test result in a disease-free person. However, none of these indices are useful for clinicians who are looking for the inverse probabilities, i.e., the probabilities of the presence and absence of the disease in a person with a positive and negative test result, respectively, the so-called positive and negative predictive values. Likelihood ratios are other performance indices, which are not readily comprehensible to clinicians. There is another index proposed that looks more comprehensible to practicing physicians - the number needed to misdiagnose. It is the number of people who need to be tested in order to find one misdiagnosed (a false positive or a false negative result). For tests with continuous results, it is necessary to set a cut-off point, the choice of which affects the test performance. To arrive at a correct estimation of test performance indices, it is important to use a properly designed study and to consider various aspects that could potentially compromise the validity of the study, including the choice of the gold standard and the population study, among other things. Finally, it may be possible to derive the performance indices of a test solely based on the shape of the distribution of its results in a given group of people.
National recommendations of the Working Group for Post-analytics of the Croatian Society of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine
Authors: Podolar Sonja , Leniček Krleža Jasna , Honović Lorena , Jokić Anja , Vlašić Tanasković Jelena , Rimac Vladimira
Published: February 2025

Autovalidation is a computerised postanalytical tool that uses a sequence of procedures to verify laboratory test results without manual intervention. The Working Group for Post-analytics of the Croatian Society for Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine has prepared procedures for the implementation of autovalidation in routine laboratory work, which complement the existing national recommendations and aim to clarify the procedures of autovalidation. Before implementation, it is necessary to determine the need for the introduction of autovalidation in routine laboratory work, and then appoint the autovalidation team, whose task is to decide in which area of laboratory work autovalidation should be introduced, create the algorithm and supervise the verification of autovalidation. Standard rules included in the algorithm are patient data, messages from the analyzer, values of interference indices, autovalidation range and delta check. All criteria defined in the autovalidation algorithm have to be documented and approved by the laboratory manager. This autovalidation procedure shows the basic rules of autovalidation that can be used by any laboratory in the initial phase. The justification for using autovalidation will depend on the number and complexity of laboratory tests, the size of the laboratory personnel, and the available financial and material resources. Autovalidation avoids the subjective evaluation of laboratory test results as it is based on the same rules and is standardised to a certain extent, which further increases the quality of laboratory test results.
Automated urine analyzers
Authors: Nikolac Gabaj Nora , Božović Marija , Vrtarić Alen , Milevoj Kopčinović Lara , Miler Marijana , Radman Anita , Unić Adriana
Published: February 2025

Introduction: This study compared analytical and technical performance of Atellica UAS 800 and UAS 60 and assessed potential patient risks if results were not reviewed by laboratory personnel.
Materials and methods: The study included 463 urine samples collected from February to March 2024, analyzed on both analyzers within 2 hours by two laboratory operators. Results from the UAS 800, recorded after operator review, were considered as the reference and compared to UAS 60 results obtained before and after review. Data were evaluated using weighted kappa (kappa ≥ 0.6 considered acceptable). Technical comparison was based on operator assessment. For risk analysis 23 errors and four severity levels were defined.
Results: After automatic image evaluation strong agreement was observed for calcium oxalate and yeasts (kappa: 0.83, 0.94), moderate agreement for red and white blood cells and epithelial cells (kappa: 0.75, 0.78, 0.75), weak agreement for bacteria, mucus and non-squamous epithelial cells (kappa: 0.57, 0.59, 0.40), and poorest agreement for hyaline and pathological casts and total crystals (kappa: 0.23, 0.07, 0.36). After review, kappa was acceptable for all parameters. Risk analysis identified 15 errors, with unrecognized total crystals and mucus being the most frequent (30.0%, 17.1%). Three errors were classified as intermediate risk (missing to report total crystal +1, mucus +1 and pathological casts ≥ +1), with none in high risk area. UAS 800 offers higher throughput and automatic sample aspiration, while UAS 60 uses manual aspiration.
Conclusions: Atellica UAS 60 provides results comparable to UAS 800, quality of reported results remaining uncompromised even without operator review. It is suitable for low- to mid-volume laboratories and can serve as a backup in larger laboratories.
Unraveling sphingolipid dynamics in late-onset preeclampsia
Authors: Stefanović Aleksandra , Zeljkovic Aleksandra , Gojkovic Tamara , Antonic Tamara , Vladimirov Sandra , Mikovic Zeljko , Jovicic Snezana , Vekic Jelena , Munjas Jelena , Ivanisevic Jasmina , Ardalic Daniela , Miljkovic-Trailovic Milica , Saric-Matutinovic Marija
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Sphingolipids, essential to trophoblast and endothelial function, may impact inflammation in preeclampsia. However, their specific role in late-onset preeclampsia remains unclear. To address this research gap, we analyzed sphingolipid profiles in pregnancies at high risk for preeclampsia development to identify potential biomarkers and clarify their role in disease pathogenesis.
Materials and methods: We monitored 90 pregnant women at high risk for preeclampsia development across four gestational points. These women were later categorized into the group of women with high risk who did not develop preeclampsia (HRG) (70 women) or the preeclampsia group (PG) (20 women). Sphingolipids (sphingosine, sphinganine, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), ceramides C16:0/C24:0, and sphingomyelin C16:0) were quantified via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
Results: Sphingolipid profiles revealed distinct patterns between groups. Concentrations of S1P in the HRG increased from the 1st trimester to delivery (P < 0.001). We did not notice significant changes in S1P during pregnancy in the PG but compared with the HRG we found significantly lower concentrations at each test point from the 2nd trimester until delivery (P = 0.020, P = 0.013, P = 0.011, respectively). Ceramides C16:0 and C24:0 demonstrated significant increases over time in HRG (P < 0.001, both). Sphingomyelin C16:0 increased significantly across pregnancy in both groups (P < 0.001 in HRG and P = 0.006 in PG), with no significant differences between groups.
Conclusions: We identified S1P as a potential biomarker for late-onset preeclampsia, with lower concentrations observed in PG compared to HRG. Rising sphingomyelin concentrations in both cohorts might serve as a relevant cardiovascular risk indicator in pregnancies at high risk for preeclampsia.
Polycarpaea borae (Caryophyllaceae) A new species from Maharashtra, India
Authors: CHAUDHARI ASHOK NAMDEV , PATIL MANOJ TUKARAM , ARYA SINDHU
Published: February 2025

Polycarpaea borae, a new species is described and illustrated here from Ralegansidhhi, Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra state, India. This new species is similar to Polycarpaea corymbosa, but differs in having narrow leaves, oblong stipules parted into three, oblong bracts longer than sepals, parted into two, bracteole absent, inconspicuous filaments spheroid, pubescent gynoecia, and 3–6 seeds, yellow to brown, with striated.
Molecular phylogeny and morphology reveal a new species of Exidia (Auriculariaceae, Auriculariales) from Yunnan Province, China
Authors: JIANG YINGTAO , WANG LU , ZHOU CHUNQIN , SHEN KAIZE , ZHANG SICHENG , YANG ALI , ZHAO CHANGLIN
Published: February 2025

In this study, Exidia punctata is described and illustrated as a novel species based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and the large subunit (nLSU) of nuclear ribosomal RNA genes. The species is characterized by smooth, membranaceous, cushion-shaped basidiomata with white to cream hymenial surface, and narrowly cylindrical to allantoid basidiospores (13–15.5 × 5–6.5 µm). The phylogenetic tree inferred from ITS+nLSU sequences revealed that the new species was nested into the genus Exidia within the family Auriculariaceae, in which it grouped with the clade comprising E. glandulosa, E. pithya, E. reflexa and E. subglandulosa.
A new earthworm species of the genus Amynthas (Clitellata: Megascolecidae) from northern Taiwan, false synonymy between Amynthas corticis (Kinberg, 1867) and Amynthas sheni (Chen, 1935) and other taxonomic issues relating to A. corticis
Authors: SHEN HUEI-PING , CHANG CHIH-HAN
Published: February 2025

This study describes a new species of earthworms belonging to the genus Amynthas (Clitellata: Megascolecidae) from northern Taiwan. It is named Amynthas popi sp. nov. It is a large earthworm with four pairs of spermathecal pores in 5/6–8/9. It has a postsetal papilla medial to each male porophore and papillae closely or widely paired in presetal VIII, widely paired in postsetal XIX, and occasionally more closely paired in presetal XIX. Its compact prostate glands together with short, stout and horizontal prostatic ducts are rarely seen among the native Amynthas earthworms known from Taiwan. Amynthas sheni (Chen, 1935) is a false synonym of Amynthas corticis (Kinberg, 1867) as the former has postsetal papillae on ventrum of VIII and occasionally also on IX, four pairs of esophageal hearts in X–XIII, well-developed prostate glands in XVI–XXI and long, U-curved prostatic ducts, which clearly set it apart from the latter. Other taxonomic issues relating to A. corticis are discussed. Additionally, Amynthas jampeanus fumigatus (Michaelsen, 1899) should be regarded as a subspecies of Amynthas bonthainensis (Benham, 1896) since it bears a very close resemblance to A. bonthainensis than to Amynthas jampeanus (Benham, 1896). The following combination is proposed: Amynthas bonthainensis fumigatus (Michaelsen, 1899) comb. nov.
Checklist of earthworms of North Macedonia (Clitellata: Megadrili)
Authors: POPOVIĆ FILIP J. , TRAKIĆ TANJA B. , SZEDERJESI TÍMEA , HACKENBERGER DAVORKA K. , SEKULIĆ JOVANA M.
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we have summarized the current knowledge of earthworm fauna in North Macedonia. This list presents earthworm diversity, general ecology, distribution, and zoogeographical types for the first time. The complete list of earthworm taxa of North Macedonia comprises 59 species and subspecies, of which 57 taxa belong to the family Lumbricidae and one taxon each of the families Acanthodrilidae and Criodrilidae. Dendrobaena is the most speciose genus (18 taxa). The family Lumbricidae of North Macedonia is characterized by a large number of narrow range Balkanic endemics (9 taxa = 15.3%), together with the occurrence of broad range Balkanic endemic (7 taxa = 11.8%) and Vardar endemic species (5 taxa = 8.47%). A high representation of endemic species (35.6%) indicates a high degree of autochthonous earthworm fauna.
Earthworm fauna (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) of Croatian Pannonian mountains—Papuk and Požeška gora
Authors: KUTUZOVIĆ DAVORKA HACKENBERGER , TRAKIĆ TANJA , GLAVAŠ OLGA JOVANOVIĆ , PLAVAC TENA , KUTUZOVIĆ BRANIMIR HACKENBERGER
Published: February 2025

In this paper a list of earthworm species of the Pannonian mountains in Croatia: Papuk and Požeška gora is presented. The Papuk Mountain, a Nature Park, has been sampled before, with 18 earthworm species recorded, while no records exist for Požeška gora. For this study 120 sites were sampled in 2020 and 2021. A total of 11 genera and 21 species were identified for Papuk Mt and nine genera and 13 species for Požeška gora, all of which belong to the Lumbricidae family. With previous findings, the number of earthworm species for Papuk is 23, representing a third of all known species in Croatia. A total number of species for both mountains is 26. An overview of the zoogeographical types and ecological categories of identified species is also given. Out of three endemic species described for Papuk Mt, we sampled only one, Dendrobaena papukiana Mršić, 1988, at five sites. Overall, our results highlight the richness of the earthworm fauna of Papuk and Požeška gora. These data could help in future assessments of the conservation status of the species, both in Croatia and throughout their range.
Earthworms in grass lawns and native Atlantic Forest fragments at Embrapa Forestry, Colombo, Paraná state, Brazil
Authors: DUDAS RAFAELA TAVARES , DEMETRIO WILIAN C. , ROANI RODRIGO , FERREIRA TALITA , VANOLLI BEATRIZ , STIEBLER LUIZ P.P.M. , SOUZA MYLLA T.M. , FONTOURA SIMONE , ASSIS ORLANDO , USHIWATA SILVIO , MOREIRA LAIARA , OSSOWSKI MARIA E. , FRANÇA EMMELINE , ZORZI EDUARDO , FERNANDES RICARDO M. L. , NIEMEYER JULIA , NIVA CINTIA , BARTZ MARIE L.C. , JAMES SAMUEL , BROWN GEORGE G.
Published: February 2025

Earthworms are important soil biological indicators, but there is relatively little information on their communities in peri-urban soils and land uses in the subtropics. In the present paper, we describe earthworm occurrence and relationships with soil biological, chemical and physical attributes in grass lawns and native Atlantic Forest fragments in the Curitiba metropolitan area, using different sampling methods: quantitative handsorting, formalin extraction and qualitative sampling. Overall, 785 individuals, of six families and 12 species were found, four of which were native (Glossoscolex embrapaensis, Fimoscolex nivae, Urobenus brasiliensis and Ocnerodrilidae sp.), and eight exotic (Dichogaster bolaui, Dichogaster sp., Murchieona minuscula, Aporrectodea rosea, Amynthas gracilis, Amynthas morrisi, Metaphire californica and Pontoscolex corethrurus). Grass lawns had higher abundance (509 individuals) and diversity (Shannon-Wienner, Simpson and Pielou). Handsorting was the most effective sampling method (70% of all individuals). Exotic species predominanted in most areas (≥50% of individuals), indicating a higher degree of human disturbance. Biomass followed the same pattern as abundance, being higher in grass lawns. Multivariate analysis showed that chemical and biological soil attributes did not have a direct correlation with earthworm abundance, and that native forest fragments had higher acidity and C contents.
The unseen diversity of the semi-aquatic earthworms of the genus Sparganophilus (Oligochaeta: Sparganophilidae) from the Southeastern Appalachian Piedmont
Authors: CARRERA-MARTÍNEZ ROBERTO , TAYLOR MELANIE K. , JONES DANIEL , SCHOVILLE SEAN D. , SNYDER BRUCE A. , CALLAHAM MAC A.
Published: February 2025

After one year of surveying semiaquatic earthworms (Oligochaeta, Sparganophilidae), we describe Sparganophilus jenkinsi sp. nov., S. carveri sp. nov., S. oconeeae sp. nov., S. williamsae sp. nov., S. muskogee sp. nov., S. youngae sp. nov., and S. borgesae sp. nov. based on extensive differences in morphological characters and molecular data. Three additional species are described morphologically but not formally named due to limited material. The species of Sparganophilus described here can be organized into three species groups: (1) S. jenkinsi, S. oconeeae, S. muskogee, S. carveri, S. williamsae, S. youngae, S. borgesae, and Sparganophilus sp02 have continuous tubercula pubertatis in the region of xvii–xxii, and tubular nephridial bladder; (2) Sparganophilus sp09 have three discrete pairs of tubercula pubertatis and sack-like nephridial bladder; and (3) Sparganophilus sp10 have the tubercula pubertatis posteriorly displaced and reduced to two segments, and have a nephridial “caecum.” These new species contribute to our knowledge of the endemism and biodiversity of earthworms in the Appalachian Piedmont.
A new species of Louisea Cumberlidge, 1994, a freshwater crab from the Ekom-Nkam Waterfall, Cameroon (Brachyura: Potamonautidae: Liberonautinae)
Authors: NDONGO PIERRE A. MVOGO , RINTELEN THOMAS VON , CLARK PAUL F. , CUMBERLIDGE NEIL
Published: February 2025

A new species of Louisea Cumberlidge, 1994 (Brachyura: Potamonautidae: Liberonautinae) is described from the Nkam River below the Ekom Nkam Waterfalls, near Melong (5.061728°N, 10.030878°E), in the tropical rainforests of Cameroon. The new species is recognized by a unique combination of characters of the carapace, thoracic sternum, and male cheliped, and is supported as a separate lineage by a phylogenetic analysis of species of Louisea based on mtDNA (COI and 16S rRNA). Notes are provided on the ecology and the conservation of L. cataracta sp. nov..
Energy Stability Analysis of Rayleigh-Bénard-Marangoni Convection in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Nanoliquids
Authors: Veena B. N. , Siddheshwar P. G.
Published: February 2025

This study delves into the examination of stability characteristics in both linear and non-linear systems, comparing terrestrial and microgravity environments. The primary focus is on the dynamic behavior exhibited by a range of binary nanoliquids, encompassing homogeneous and heterogeneous
compositions such as Water-Copper, Water-Alumina, Ethylene glycol-Copper, Ethylene glycol-Alumina, Water-Copper-Alumina, Ethylene glycol-Copper-Alumina, Water-Ethylene glycol-Copper, and Water-Ethylene glycol-Alumina. The Khanafer-Vafai-Lightstone single-phase model is employed for this investigation.
Thermophysical properties are determined through the application of established laws of phenomenology and mixture theory, as discussed in existing literature. Stability analysis, particularly non-linear, is performed using the energy method, with a comparative assessment between linear and
non-linear stability analyses. The shooting method is employed to compute the eigenvalues of the boundary value problem in both linear and energy stability analyses. The results reveals the presence of subcritical instability. The study explores the influence of key parameters such as Rayleigh
number and Marangoni number, presenting comprehensive findings in tabular form. Among all the combinations considered in the paper, it is observed that Ethylene glycol serves as the best base liquid, while Copper emerges as the most effective nanoparticle for advancing the onset of Marangoni
convection. Alumina serves the purpose of stabilizing the nanoliquid. Ultimately, the implications of the results are discussed and contrasted with prior research, considering the findings as a limiting case.
Magnetohydrodynamics Tetrahybrid Micropolar Nanofluid Flow with Thomson and Trion Slip in a Non-Isothermal and Non-Isosolutal Conditions: A Numerical Approach
Authors: Yusuf Abdulhakeem , Adekunle Temitope Samson , Zhiri Abraham Baba , Galal Ahmed M.
Published: February 2025

The future of tetrahybrid micropolar nanofluids lies in their potential to address challenges in modern thermal management, energy efficiency, and advanced material design. With ongoing research, development, and innovation, these nanofluids could play a transformative role in technology,
industry, and environmental sustainability. This research, looks into the flow of tetrahybrid micropolar nanofluid, composed of silver, copper, titanium, and aluminum oxides as the nanoparticles and base fluid, of 50%–50% blend of ethylene glycol and water, is analyzed. To account for
the role of thermal conductivity, viscosity, and mass diffusivity, temperature dependent thermal conductivity, viscosity, and variable mass diffusivity are incorporated into the model. For tribological analysis, Thomson and Troian slip conditions are applied under non-isothermal and non-isosolutal
conditions. The controlling equations (partial differential) representing this problem are derived and subsequently reduced to nonlinear coupled equations (ordinary differentials). In other to explore the influence of the distinguished parameters, the coupled system is solved through the Chebyshev
collocation method, implemented in Mathematica. The outcomes are validated against existing literature, demonstrating strong agreement. The study reveals that temperature-dependent viscosity increases the tetrahybrid micropolar nanofluid’s viscosity, leading to enhanced flow resistance,
while also showing a direct relationship with fluid microrotation. The variable diffusivity parameter results in a higher rate of solute dispersion within the tetrahybrid nanofluid. An increase in velocity slip length enhances flow resistance at the solid boundary due to elevated friction.
Additionally, critical shear rates exert greater forces on the nanoparticles, enabling more vigorous rotation. Silver (Ag) is estimated to contribute an average of 28% to the fluid’s overall composition and performance. These findings suggest that magnetohydrodynamic tetrahybrid micropolar
nanofluids improve the thermal efficiency of micropolar nanofluids by at least 28%. Moreover, the inclusion of silver, combined with the base fluids, highlights the potential biomedical applications of this study, such as in drug delivery.
Investigation on Rotating Flow of Magnetohydrodynamic Tangent Hyperbolic Nanofluid Over a Stretching Permeable Sheet: Impacts of Hall, Ion Slip and Suction Velocity
Authors: Alamirew Wubale Demis , Awgichew Gurju , Haile Eshetu , Yetbarek Ephrem , Birara Eyaya
Published: February 2025

This study explores how suction factor, Hall current, ion slip, and rotation influence flow of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) tangent hyperbolic nanofluid over a stretching permeable sheet, incorporating the effects of non-Newtonian parameters, joule heating, viscous dissipation, nonlinear
thermal radiation, heat generation/absorption, and chemical reactions. The nonlinear differential equations of the problem, converted by similarity transformations and non-dimensional variables, were solved numerically with the sixth-order Runge-Kutta method alongside the shooting approach.
The analysis examined the impact of various physical parameters on velocity, temperature, and nanoparticle concentration profiles, using graphical representations to highlight the significance of each parameter. Additionally, the study assessed the influence of various physical parameters
on the surface drag force coefficients as well as heat and mass transfer, supported by numerical values. The findings revealed that the surface drag force coefficient in the x direction decreased with higher Hall current and ion slip parameter values, whereas an opposing effect was
noted with increment of suction factor and rotation parameter. In contrast to mass transfer, heat transfer was positively affected by the suction factor, Hall, and ion slip parameter. We validated our method against existing literature, and our numerical results showed excellent agreement,
confirming its accuracy and robustness.
Unsteady Mixed Convection of Opposing Flow: Dual Solution Report of Two-Particle Nanofluid Behavior Around a Vertical Cylinder
Authors: Dinarvand Saeed , Pop Ioan , Gangadhar Kotha , Roy Nepal Chandra , Abbasi Amirmohammad , Noeiaghdam Samad
Published: February 2025

This research endeavors to conduct a comprehensive numerical investigation into the unsteady mixed convection phenomenon observed in the flow of a stagnation point Cu–Al2O3/H2O hybrid nanofluid past a vertical cylinder under an opposing regime.
Initially, the nanofluid’s complex behavior is analytically characterized, and leveraging suitable similarity variables, the equations are changed into a set of ODEs. These equations are subsequently tackled, utilizing the bvp4c function available in MATLAB. To ensure the reliability
and validity of the study, the obtained numerical results are meticulously compared with existing research findings, demonstrating a noteworthy degree of alignment. The numerical analysis uncovers the presence of dual solutions within a specific range of the mixed convection parameter. However,
due to the inherent instability associated with the second solution, the present attention is focused solely on exploring the stability and characteristics of the primary solution. Moreover, the investigation reveals intriguing insights into the behavior of the primary solution. Specifically,
it can be observed that both the skin friction coefficient and the heat transfer rate exhibit a significant response to changes in the volume fraction of nanoparticles and Reynolds number, demonstrating an enhancement with increasing them. For the analyzed case, in the absence of free convection
effects, the results indicate that as the nanoparticle volume fraction increases from 0 to 0.2, the skin friction coefficient rises from 1.707 to 3.468, while the Nusselt number enhances from 2.151 to 3.269. Furthermore, a detailed examination of the velocity and temperature profiles associated
with the primary solution elucidates that the thickness of both the hydrodynamic boundary layer and the thermal boundary layer experiences a discernible reduction as the volume fraction of nanoparticles decreases and the Reynolds number increases. This study can offer valuable insights for
engineering applications and scientific inquiry alike.
Entropy Generation and Mass Transfer Analysis During a Radiative Magnetized Hybrid Ferro-Nanofluid Flow Along with Higher Order Chemical Reaction
Authors: Shahzad Hassan , Sagheer Muhammad
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the dynamics of magnetized hybrid ferrofluid flow over a stretching/shrinking surface under the influence of suction/injection and an inclined magnetic field, incorporating binary chemical reaction, activation energy, and viscous effect. Numerical simulations
of the transformed ordinary differential equations are obtained through the shooting method and bvp4c function. The thermal management of modern power electrical devices is crucial because of the dissipation of high heat flux. Ferrofluids or the magnetic nanofluids, containing solid magnetic
nanoparticles, exhibit superior thermal conductivity and enable the external flow control via magnetic fields which is crucial for many electronics devices. The present analysis reveals a reduction in the entropy generation by increasing temperature difference parameter and an enhancement
in the concentration profile due to the activation energy. Additionally, a comparative analysis of hybridized ferro-nanofluids has been conducted for skin friction, Sherwood number, Nusselt number, and entropy generation. These findings are of great use in efficient thermal control in electronic
cooling systems and biomedical technologies, emphasizing the role of hybrid ferrofluids in optimizing heat transfer and improving the thermal management strategies. The computational methodology is validated by reproducing the results reported in the existing literature, demonstrating substantial
agreement and confirming the reliability of the numerical solution of the proposed model.
Biomedical Advantages of Magnetohydrodynamics Williamson Nanofluid: Optimization of Multiple Linear Regression and Multilayer Perceptron
Authors: Priyadharshini P. , Karpagam V.
Published: February 2025

The Williamson magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) nanofluids have been connected to real-world situations or practical scenarios in the essential benefits of several fields, such as industrial heat transfer enhancement, electronics for cooling electronics devices, and constructions to improve
the efficiency of solar thermal collectors. The highlights of this study are biomedical processes for orthopaedical implant lubrication, bioimaging, drug delivery systems, and hyperthermia therapy for cancer treatment. This study investigates the flow of Williamson nanofluid (WNF) over a porous
stretched sheet, including mass and heat transmission. Similarity expulsion adapts partial differential equations to ordinary differential equations and implements the BVP4C innovator from the MATLAB software. These results display that the velocity distribution declined for the Williamson
parameter We = 0.01, 0.31, 0.61, 0.91 developed because of a faster flow near the surface. The temperature profile dropped as the maximum value of the Prandtl number Pr = 0.3, 0.7, 1.3, 1.7 describes a squeezing in thermal boundary layer thickness. Improvement of Schmidt number values
Sc = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 0.10 when the reduction of concentration profile indicates complex particle interactions and diffusion, this study examined heat transfer and mass transport attributes such as skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number. In addition, it customized the precision
level of machine learning under multiple linear regression (MLR) by 95%, and a multilayer perceptron (MLP) dealing with the Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation algorithm engaged the correct data for outstanding results of 99% accurate estimates for exhaustive positions. Finally, verify the
precision and integrity of the presented data, including graphs and tables, against previous findings.
Exact nonlinear state estimation
Authors: Chipilski Hristo G.
Published: February 2025

The majority of data assimilation (DA) methods in the geosciences are based on Gaussian assumptions. While such approximations facilitate efficient algorithms, they cause analysis biases and subsequent forecast degradations. Non-parametric, particle-based DA algorithms have superior accuracy, but their application to high-dimensional models still poses operational challenges. Drawing inspiration from recent advances in the fields of measure transport and generative artificial intelligence, this paper develops a new estimation-theoretic framework which can incorporate general invertible transformations in a principled way. Specifically, a Conjugate Transform Filter (CTF) is derived and shown to extend the celebrated Kalman filter to a much broader class of non-Gaussian distributions. The new filter has several desirable properties, such as its ability to preserve statistical relationships in the prior state and converge to highly accurate observations. An ensemble approximation of the new filtering framework is also presented and validated through idealized examples. The numerical demonstrations feature bounded quantities with non-Gaussian distributions, which is a typical challenge in Earth system models. Results suggest that the greatest benefits from the new filtering framework occur when the observation errors are small relative to the forecast uncertainty and when state variables exhibit strong nonlinear dependencies.
Diagnostic Value of Revised Diagnostic Criteria for Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger’s Disease): A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Chen Weiqing , Liu Xiaochun
Published: February 2025

Three deficiencies of the Papa criteria (point scoring system, PSS) for thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) were identified and updated. According to the new criteria, 185 patients with clinically diagnosed TAO in a single center using the diagnostic criteria of Shionoya were scored and re-diagnosed. The diagnostic criteria of The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (JMHLW) were used as the comparative standard to compare the diagnostic value of the revised PSS (RPSS) criteria in the diagnosis of TAO. Among the 185 patients, 145 patients were possibly diagnosed with TAO by the RPSS diagnostic criteria, 40 patients were excluded from TAO diagnosis. The JMHLW standard definitively diagnosed 154 patients with TAO, and 31 patients were excluded from TAO diagnosis. Compared with the JMHLW standard, the accuracy of the RPSS diagnostic criteria was 0.90, and the Kappa value was 0.67 (Confidence interval [CI]: 0.53–0.81), which reached “substantial” agreement. The Area Under Curve (AUC) was 0.86 and >0.7, showing good diagnostic value. The RPSS criteria have good diagnostic efficacy. If this revised scoring system can be endorsed, it might improve the certainty of TAO diagnosis and research.
Greenness, Deprivation, and Fatal Police Shootings: A Five-Year Nationwide Study in the United States
Authors: Li Jiali , Browning Matthew E. , Sullivan William C. , Liu Xueming , Jiang Bin
Published: February 2025

Police shootings are a serious form of violence that have profound impacts on social well-being. Although the impacts of socioeconomic, demographic, and regulatory factors on fatal police shootings were well established, the relationship between greenness levels and police shootings remains unclear, especially across varying levels of social deprivation. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a three-step analysis. First, an analysis of 3,108 counties in the contiguous United States revealed a significant negative association between the level of greenness and incidence of fatal police shootings. Second, a focused analysis of 805 metropolitan counties revealed an even stronger association. Third, we found the negative association remains significant across five levels of social deprivation, with a stronger association observed in counties with higher levels of social deprivation. This study is the first to examine relationships between greenness levels and fatal police shootings. These findings may provide initial evidence and a novel perspective for policymakers, researchers, and professionals, suggesting that greenspaces may serve as a promising environmental intervention to reduce fatal police shooting and other types of social violence or conflict.
L’archivio fotografico di Carlo Levi per testimoniare, valorizzare e trasmettere
Authors: Lavorgna Antonella
Published: February 2025

This contribution retraces the initial exploration of Carlo Levi's photographic collection, a survey that led to the digital acquisition of over fifteen hundred photographs, now available online through the Fondazione Carlo Levi. This collection is heterogeneous in both materials and subjects, consisting of images that depict lesser-known aspects of Levi's personal and professional journeys. The essay also examines Levi's relationship with prominent international photographers, such as Seymour and Cartier-Bresson, who were driven by a shared desire to document the troubled Italy of the post-war period. Levi's fame is also highlighted by numerous portraits taken by renowned photographers, including Sorci, Di Bella, Vechten, Newman, Morin, Leslie Gill, and Erwitt. Finally, the collection features an extensive series of travel photographs by Levi himself. This overview seeks to broaden the biographical and professional understanding of Levi as an artist.
Development and external validation of Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition-dictated nomograms predicting long-term mortality in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Liu Qing , He Yumei , Yang Fang , Guo Gaoyue , Yang Wanting , Wu Liping , Sun Chao
Published: February 2025

Objectives

Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria have gradually accounted for the mainstay evaluating nutritional status. We sought to establish GLIM-dictated nomograms with other prognostic factors influencing long-term mortality and externally validate their predictive performance in decompensated cirrhosis.

Methods

The derivation cohort comprised 301 patients presenting with cirrhosis-associated acute insults, while the validation cohort encompassed 101 subjects from another tertiary hospital. Two nomograms were constructed to predict the 1-year all-cause mortality by integrating the GLIM criteria. The study population was stratified into low-, moderate- and high-risk mortality groups according to aforesaid proposed models.

Results

Adjusting Child-Turcotte-Pugh classification (Nomo#1) or Model for End-stage Liver Disease-Sodium score (Nomo#2) separately, the GLIM criteria were independently associated with 1-year mortality in the multivariate Cox regression analysis (Nomo#1 hazard ratio (HR) = 3.139, p < 0.001; Nomo#2 HR = 3.456, p < 0.001). The C-index and time AUC for Nomo#1 and Nomo#2 performed significantly better than those of the GLIM criteria or conventional scoring systems alone. The survival rate of the low-risk group was significantly higher than those of the moderate- or high-risk groups (Nomo#1: 95% vs 65.8% vs 33.3%, p < 0.001; Nomo#2: 94.3% vs 64.5% vs 25%, p < 0.001). Furthermore, our proposed models exhibited moderate prediction accuracy and may identify malnourished patients with poor survival conditions in the external validation cohort.

Conclusion

GLIM criteria-defined malnutrition negatively impacted long-term mortality in the context of decompensated cirrhosis. Our established nomograms may predict survival status with sufficient discriminatory ability, alongside good consistency and clinical benefits, supporting their effectiveness in daily practice.