bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Umbilical arterial catheter duration as risk factor for Bell's Stage III necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm neonates
Authors: Lalitha Renjini , Hicks Matthew , Qureshi Mosarrat , Kumaran Kumar
Published: May 2024

Objectives

To explore risk factors for Stage‐III necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC‐III) in preterm neonates.

Methods

This was a retrospective case‐control study of neonates born <33 weeks gestational age (GA) who were admitted to a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit, between 2015 and 2018. NEC‐III cases were compared with Stage‐II NEC (NEC‐II) and non‐NEC controls. Two to four non‐NEC controls were matched by GA ± 1 week and date of birth ± 3 months, to one NEC‐III case. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine risk factors for NEC‐III.

Results

Of 1360 neonates born <33 weeks, 71 (5.2%) had NEC‐II and above, with 46% being NEC‐III. Mean age of onset of NEC‐III was 13.7 days versus 23.9 days for NEC‐II (p = 0.01). Neonates with NEC‐III were of lower GA (NEC‐III 25.4 weeks, NEC‐II 27.3 weeks, and non‐NEC 26 weeks; p = 0.0008) and had higher Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology Perinatal Extension‐II scores (NEC‐III 47.5, NEC‐II 28.4 and non‐NEC 37, p = 0.003). Multivariate analysis showed duration of umbilical arterial catheter (UAC) >5 days was significantly associated with the development of NEC‐III with adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 3.8; 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.05–13.66) for NEC‐III versus non‐NEC and AOR 5.57; 95% CI (1.65–18.73), p = 0.006 for NEC‐III versus NEC‐II. Rupture of membranes (ROM) >1 week was associated with NEC‐III (AOR 6.93; 95% CI [1.56–30.69] vs. non‐NEC and AOR 11.74; 95% CI [1.14–120.34] vs. NEC‐II).

Conclusion

The increased association of NEC‐III with duration of UAC and ROM could be further examined in prospective studies, and an upper limit for UAC duration could be considered in NEC prevention bundles.
Effect of pH on the emulsifying performance of protein‐polysaccharide complexes
Authors: Zhang Ruyuan , Corstens Meinou , Luo Zisheng , Cao Jiarui , Schroen Karin
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Protein‐polysaccharide complexes have been successfully used for emulsion stabilization. However, it is unclear how the complex's surface charge influences aggregation stability and coalescence stability of emulsions, and whether a low charged interfacial film can still maintain the coalescence stability of oil droplets. In the present study, the effects of pH (around the pI of protein) on the aggregation and coalescence stability of emulsions were investigated.

RESULTS

Whey protein isolate (WPI) and peach gum polysaccharides (PGP) complexes (WPI‐PGP complexes) were synthesized at pH 3, 4 and 5. Their sizes were 598, 274 and 183 nm, respectively, and their ζ‐potentials were +2.9, −8.6 and −22.8 mV, respectively. Interface rheological experiments showed that WPI‐PGP complex at pH 3 had the lowest interfacial tension, and formed the softest film compared to the complexes at pH 4 and 5. Microfluidic experiments showed that all WPI‐PGP complexes were able to stabilize droplets against coalescence within short timescales (milliseconds). At pH 3, no coalescence was observed even under conditions where the continuous phase flow influenced the shape of oil droplets (from spheres to ellipsoids). At pH 4 and 5, the model emulsions were stable over 16 days of storage, extensive aggregation and creaming occurred at pH 3 after 8 days. Importantly, no coalescence took place.

CONCLUSION

The present study confirmed that the aggregation stability of the emulsions was mainly determined by the surface charge of the complex, whereas the coalescence stability of emulsions is expectedly determined by steric repulsion, providing new insights into how to prepare stable food emulsions. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Dynamic changes of tenderness, moisture and protein in marinated chicken: the effect of different steaming temperatures
Authors: Zhang Jiawei , Du Dandan , Xu Yujuan , Wang Zhaoming , Cai Kezhou , Zeng Qingmei , Zhou Hui , Xu Baocai
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

The steam processing characteristics of chicken are a key factor in the simplicity and versatility of steamed chicken dishes. The aim of this study was to investigate in depth the changes in tenderness and water retention of marinated chicken at different slow steaming endpoint temperatures, and to further explore the effect of the evolution of protein conformations on the water status.

RESULTS

The results showed that chicken samples’ shear force peaked at 80 °C and decreased rapidly at 90 °C. As the steaming endpoint temperature increased between 50 and 90 °C, T21, T22, moisture content and centrifugal loss decreased, but P21, P22 and myofibril water‐holding capacity showed regular changes. The electrophoretic bands and protein conformation changes showed that protein in marinated chicken underwent different degrees of denaturation, degradation and aggregation. And at 70 °C, with an increase of hydrophobic groups and crosslinking of disulfide bonds as well as an increase in the number of denatured sarcoplasmic proteins, the intermolecular network was enhanced, thus affecting the water retention.

CONCLUSION

Water status of chicken meat heated at different steaming temperatures is closely related to the evolution of protein conformations. The present study serves as a robust theoretical foundation for enhancing the quality of steamed chicken products at an industrial scale. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Flexible TFT backplane development for extremely small bending radius with organic ILD and novel TFT structures
Authors: Kim Taewoong , Seol Younggug , Lee Sunhee , Choi Jinhwan , Lee Jinwoo , Kim Jintaek , Lee Pilsuk , Park Juchan , Park Boik , Tien Nguyen Thanh , Kim Kihyun , Jang Cheol , Kim Yong Jo , Lee Changhee
Published: May 2024

A new flexible low‐temperature polycrystalline silicon thin film transistors (LTPS TFTs) on PI substrate with organic ILD layer, island TFT, and TFT channel perpendicular to stress direction was proposed. AMOLED display panel manufactured with organic ILD did not show any visible degradation of panel image after outward rolling cycles of 200,000 at rolling radius of 4 mm or inward folding cycles of 200,000 at folding radius of 1 mm. Another novel structure of TFT with channel perpendicular to stress direction significantly reduced change of threshold voltage of −0.03 V compared with change of threshold voltage of −0.6 V for TFT with channel parallel to stress direction for reliability test of high drain current (HDC) after 100,000 outward‐bending cycles at bending radius of 3 mm. After inward‐bending cycles of 200,000 at bending radius of 1 mm, reliability test results for TFT device with organic ILD layer showed that change of on‐current is 10.07% for hot carrier instability (HCI) test, change of threshold voltage −0.31 V for negative bias thermal instability (NBTI) test, change of threshold voltage −0.24 V for hysteresis test, and breakdown voltage of gate insulator 7.73 MV/cm, respectively, and these performances are similar to those of TFT device with inorganic ILD (SiNx).
Obesity increases the risk of major wound complications following pelvic resection for bone sarcoma
Authors: Wang Patrick Qi , Gazendam Aaron , Ibe Izuchukwu , Kim Noel , Alfaraidy Meshal , Eastley Nicholas , Griffin Anthony , Wunder Jay , Ferguson Peter , Tsoi Kim
Published: May 2024

Background

Given the paucity of data, the objective of this study is to evaluate the association between obesity and major wound complications following pelvic bone sarcoma surgery specifically.

Methods

Patients who underwent pelvic resection for bone sarcoma from 2005 to 2021 with a minimum 6‐month follow‐up were reviewed. Patients with benign tumors, primary soft tissue sarcomas, local recurrence at presentation, pelvic metastatic disease, and underweight patients were excluded. A major wound complication was defined as the need for a secondary debridement procedure. Differences in baseline demographics, surgical factors, postoperative complications, and functional outcomes were compared between obese and nonobese patients. A multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify independent risk factors for major wound complications, and a Kaplan–Meier analysis to estimate overall survival between both groups.

Results

Of the 93 included patients, 21 were obese (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2). The obesity group had a significantly higher rate of major wound complication (52% vs. 26%, p = 0.034) and a lower Toronto Extremity Salvage Score at 1‐year postoperatively (47.5 vs. 71.4, p = 0.025). Obesity was the only independent risk factor in the multivariate analysis. No differences in overall survival were demonstrated between groups.

Conclusions

Obesity is a significant risk factor for major wound complications in pelvic bone sarcoma treatment. This highlights the importance of careful perioperative optimization and wound management.
A hybrid pseudo‐Malmquist and Grey–TOPSIS model for group efficiency comparison: Bank credit allocation efficiency comparative analysis in China
Authors: Guo Jialin , Wu Desheng
Published: May 2024

This study examines the efficiency of credit allocation among various types of banks in China. Seven different varieties of Chinese banks' performance are examined from 2011 to 2021. We introduce a novel hybrid pseudo‐Malmquist–Grey–TOPSIS model that effectively addresses the need for integrating uncertainty and heuristics in relocation decision‐making. Our analysis reveals that the Joint‐Stock Commercial Bank demonstrates superior performance in terms of credit allocation efficiency. In contrast, rural commercial banks exhibit suboptimal performance when it comes to credit allocation convenience, indicating the importance of prudent credit risk management for this category of banks. It is important to note that the loan allocation performance of each bank category is primarily influenced by the distinct characteristics associated with that specific bank type. However, it is crucial to understand that the success of each bank category's frontier, regardless of its quality, should not be considered a causative determinant of the overall performance of such types of banks.
Impact of Prevalent Dietary Pattern on Serum Vitamin B12 Status and Its Association With Inflammation Among Reproductive Age Women
Authors: Ganie Mohammad Ashraf , Bashir Rohina , Sehar Tajali , Asrar Mir , Khan Shahid , Baba Saleem , Tandon Nikhil , Dhadwal Vatsla , Jyotsna Vivekap , Dwivedi Sada Nand
Published: May 2024

Scope

Association between vitamin B12 deficiency (VB12D) and dietary patterns being well documented has bearing on obstetrics and neonatal outcomes. However, relationship between VB12D and serum inflammatory markers (IMs), particularly in vegetarian diet and Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), remains elusive. This cross‐sectional study assesses VB12D and IMs among reproductive age women consuming different diets.

Methods and results

Nonvegetarian (PCOS, n = 104; healthy, n = 148) and vegetarian women (PCOS n = 112; healthy, n = 186) are for evaluated clinical, biochemical, hormonal assessment, inflammatory, and four vitamin B 12 (VB12) markers. VB12D is defined by Fedosov's wellness quotient (4cB12). Using 4cB12, prevalence of VB12D is discerned in 54.4% (PCOS: 72.1%; healthy 36.5%) and 93.4% (PCOS: 95.9%; healthy: 91.9%) among nonvegetarians and vegetarians, respectively. Vegetarian PCOS women depict lowest median (interquartile range [IQR]) of serum B12 76.2(72.6) pg mL−1, holotranscobalamine (HTC) 37.9(11.3) and highest homocysteine (HCY) 40.32(6.0) µmol L−1, methylmalonic acid (MMA) 352.26(156.7) nmol L−1 with highest Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA‐IR) and IMs (Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP‐1), High sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF‐α) and Interleukin 6 (IL‐6)). Significant correlation of serum hs‐CRP, TNF‐α, and IL‐6 with VB12 markers is observed.

Conclusion

The VB12D is rampant among reproductive age women that gets exacerbated by PCOS or vegetarian diet. It is directly correlated with magnitude of proinflammatory markers. The results carry substantial implications for public health policies aimed at improving preconception maternal VB12 status for better future pregnancy and offspring outcomes.
Role of Culinary Indian Spices in the Regulation of TGF‐β Signaling Pathway in Inflammation‐Induced Liver Cancer
Authors: Asoka Ajay Sarija , Kolikkandy Anusha , Nair Bhagyalakshmi , Kamath Adithya J. , Sethi Gautam , Nath Lekshmi R.
Published: May 2024

Scope

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) results from various etiologies, such as Hepatitis B and C, Alcoholic and Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disorders, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. About 80 to 90% of HCC cases possess cirrhosis, which is brought on by persistent liver inflammation. TGF‐β is a multifunctional polypeptide molecule that acts as a pro‐fibrogenic marker, inflammatory cytokine, immunosuppressive agent, and pro‐carcinogenic growth factor during the progression of HCC. The preclinical and clinical evidence illustrates that TGF‐β can induce epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition, promoting progression and hepatocyte immune evasion. Therefore, targeting the TGF‐β pathway can be a promising therapeutic option against HCC.

Methods and Results

We carry out a systemic analysis of eight potentially selected culinary Indian spices: Turmeric, Black pepper, Ginger, Garlic, Fenugreek, Red pepper, Clove, Cinnamon, and their bioactives in regulation of the TGF‐β pathway against liver cancer.

Conclusion

Turmeric and its active constituent, curcumin, possess the highest therapeutic potential in treating inflammation‐induced HCC and they also have the maximum number of ongoing in‐vivo and in‐vitro studies.
Determination of arsenic and cadmium uptake by rice from topsoil
Authors: Yang Desheng , Liu Zhechuan , Zhao Wenqi , Du Ting , Fan Shengyang , Xiong Zhuang , Peng Shaobing , Li Xiaoxiao , Wang Fei
Published: May 2024

Topsoil is the main sink of various pollutants and the direct source of heavy metal uptake by crops. In a 2‐year field experiment conducted in central China from 2016 to 2017, the significant role of topsoil in pollutant absorption, in particular the arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) uptake in rice was examined quantitatively. Two soil treatments, removing half of the topsoil (TR) and a control (CK), were applied alongside two rice varieties ‐ Huanghuazhan (HHZ, indica inbred) and Yangliangyou6 (YLY6, indica hybrid). On average, TR reduced the As and Cd concentrations in grain by 10.0% and 56.2%, respectively. The reduction was linked to lower pollutant concentrations in soil above the hardpan and rice straw. TR also decreased shoot As and Cd accumulation by 30.7% and 67.8% at maturity, with topsoil at 12–15 cm depth contributing an average of 2372 μg As m−2 (30.1%) and 138 μg Cd m−2 (66.1%) to total uptake of As and Cd, respectively. Contribution of topsoil to total As uptake remained consistent across growing stages, while for Cd, topsoil contributed 24.8% before heading and 81.2% after. Moreover, varietal differences were observed, with TR significantly reducing grain As and Cd concentrations of YLY6 but no difference in HHZ. This study quantifies topsoil's impact on As and Cd uptake in rice, and underscores genotypic variations in their response to topsoil removal.
Leveraging Ponzi‐like designs in stablecoins
Authors: Fu Shange , Wang Qin , Yu Jiangshan , Chen Shiping
Published: May 2024

Stablecoin represents a unique subset of cryptocurrencies designed to offer price stability, achieved either through backing by specific assets or by employing algorithms that adjust their supply in response to market demand. In its landscape, algorithmic stablecoin is one special type that is not backed by any asset, and it stands to revolutionize the way a sovereign fiat operates. As implemented, algorithmic stablecoins are poorly stabilized in most cases; their prices easily deviate from the target or even fall into a catastrophic collapse and are as a result often dismissed as a Ponzi scheme. However, what is the essence of Ponzi? In this paper, we try to clarify such a deceptive concept and reveal how algorithmic stablecoin works from a higher level. We find that Ponzi is basically a financial protocol that pays existing investors with funds collected from new ones. Running a Ponzi, however, does not necessarily imply that any participant is in any sense losing out, as long as the game can be perpetually rolled over. Economists call such realization as a rational Ponzi game. We accordingly propose a rational model in the context of algorithmic stablecoin and draw its holding conditions. We apply the model and use historical data to examine if the major types of algorithmic stablecoins meet the criteria for being a rational Ponzi game.
An analysis of high order FEM and IGA for explicit dynamics: Mass lumping and immersed boundaries
Authors: Radtke Lars , Torre Michele , Hughes Thomas J.R. , Düster Alexander , Sangalli Giancarlo , Reali Alessandro
Published: May 2024

We investigate the behavior of different shape functions for the discretization of hyperbolic problems. In particular, we consider classical Lagrange polynomials and B‐splines. The studies focus on the performance of the these functions as a spatial discretization approach combined with an explicit time marching scheme. In this regard, a major concern is the maximum eigenvalue that imposes restrictions on the critical time step size and suitable lumping techniques that yield a diagonal mass matrix. The accuracy of the discretization methods is assessed in an asymptotic manner in terms of the convergence of eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Further, the global accuracy is investigated in terms of the full spectrum. The results show that B‐spline discretization with a consistent mass matrix are more accurate than those based on Lagrange shape functions, which holds true in the boundary‐fitted as well as in the immersed setting. On the other hand, Lagrange shape functions are more robust with respect to standard lumping techniques, which cannot be directly applied for B‐splines without loss of accuracy. In general, we observe that none of the standard lumping schemes yields optimal results for B‐splines, even in the boundary‐fitted setting. For the immersed setting, also Lagrange shape functions show a drop in accuracy which depends on the position of the boundary that cuts the element. Several remedies are considered in order to overcome these issues, including interpolatory B‐spline bases as well as eigenvalue stabilization methods. While accuracy and stability can be improved using these remedies, we conclude from our study that it is still an open question, how to design a discretization method that achieves large critical time step sizes in combination with a diagonal mass matrix and high accuracy in the immersed setting. We note that these considerations primarily relate to linear structural dynamics applications, such as for example, structural acoustics. In nonlinear problems, such as automotive crash dynamics, other considerations predominate. An example of a one‐dimensional elastic‐plastic bar impacting a rigid wall is illustrative.
Deficits in brain glucose transport among younger adults with obesity
Authors: Gunawan Felona , Matson Brooke C. , Coppoli Anastasia , Jiang Lihong , Ding Yuyan , Perry Rachel , Sanchez‐Rangel Elizabeth , DeAguiar Renata Belfort , Behar Kevin L. , Rothman Douglas L. , Mason Graeme F. , Hwang Janice J.
Published: May 2024

Objective

Obesity is associated with alterations in eating behavior and neurocognitive function. In this study, we investigate the effect of obesity on brain energy utilization, including brain glucose transport and metabolism.

Methods

A total of 11 lean participants and 7 young healthy participants with obesity (mean age, 27 years) underwent magnetic resonance spectroscopy scanning coupled with a hyperglycemic clamp (target, ~180 mg/dL) using [1‐13C] glucose to measure brain glucose uptake and metabolism, as well as peripheral markers of insulin resistance.

Results

Individuals with obesity demonstrated an ~20% lower ratio of brain glucose uptake to cerebral glucose metabolic rate (Tmax/CMRglucose) than lean participants (2.12 ± 0.51 vs. 2.67 ± 0.51; p = 0.04). The cerebral tricarboxylic acid cycle flux (VTCA) was similar between the two groups (p = 0.64). There was a negative correlation between total nonesterified fatty acids and Tmax/CMRglucose (r = −0.477; p = 0.045).

Conclusions

We conclude that CMRglucose is unlikely to differ between groups due to similar VTCA, and, therefore, the glucose transport Tmax is lower in individuals with obesity. These human findings suggest that obesity is associated with reduced cerebral glucose transport capacity even at a young age and in the absence of other cardiometabolic comorbidities, which may have implications for long‐term brain function and health.
Characteristics of lipid metabolism after treatment of colon cancer mice with American ginseng vesicles
Authors: Weng Ling , Zhao Min , Zhang Yumeng , Xu Ruixiang , Zhang Jiayi , Wang Yingjie , Xu Yanxue , Zhao Chunjie , Wang Miao
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Lipid molecules are present in tumours and play an important role in the anti‐inflammatory response as well as in antiviral protection. Changes in the type and location of lipids in the intestine following exposure to environmental stressors play an important role in several disorders, including ulcerative colitis (UC), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and colorectal cancer.

Objectives

The aim of this work is to provide a new theoretical basis for tumour initiation and development by accurately measuring the spatial distribution of lipids and metabolites in intestinal tissue. Spatial metabolomics allows the detection of samples with minimal sample volume by label‐free imaging of complex samples in their original state. The distribution of lipid molecules in tumours has not been reported, although the distribution of lipid molecules in intestinal tissue has been reported in the literature.

Methods

The range of lipid profiles in colon cancer mouse tumour tissue was compiled using a spatial metabolomics: lipid extraction method. The changes in lipid distribution in two regions after oral administration of American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) vesicles were also compared. Tumour tissue samples were extracted with 80% methanol—20% formic acid in water.

Results

The resulting spatial metabolic profile allowed the identification of seven lipid classes in mouse tumours. The distribution of fibre tissue cells was 23.2% higher than tumour tissue cells, with the exception of the fatty acid (FA) species.
Thermo‐mechanical properties of epoxy composites filled with inorganic particulate fillers for robust solder mask application
Authors: Lim William Yung Ling , Jaafar Mariatti , Ishak Ku Marsilla Ku , Chinniah Karuna , Chan Wooi Keong
Published: May 2024

Filler components play a crucial role as thermo‐mechanical reinforcement to the epoxy‐based solder mask, ensuring effective insulation and passivation. This study investigates the impact of different inorganic filler types (talc, silica (SiO2), boron nitride (BN) and barium sulfate (BaSO4)) and loadings (5 and 15 wt%) on the tensile and thermal properties of the epoxy composites. The composites were blended, cast and thermally cured. Of these composites, only 15 wt% SiO2/epoxy composite exhibits notable increments in both tensile strength and modulus, surpassing unfilled epoxy by 11.65% and 31.9%, respectively. It also displays the highest elongation at break, supported by small particle size, high specific surface area and minimal void volume fraction. For thermal tests, the addition of all fillers increases the storage modulus in both glassy and rubbery regions, especially 15 wt% talc/epoxy composite with 30.09% increment at 25 °C. Additionally, all fillers raise the glass transition temperature (Tg), notably improving it by 9 °C in the 15 wt% BN/epoxy composite. Moreover, their inclusion generally enhances the onset decomposition temperature (Tonset) and reduces weight loss during decomposition. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effect of sodium 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonate on the structure and properties of thermoplastic polyvinyl alcohol copolymers
Authors: Wang Liang , Zhao Jiawei , Song Bing , Zheng Liuchun , Liu Yong
Published: May 2024

Thermoplastic poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with water‐soluble behavior has received great attention. In this work, a thermoplastic PVA was prepared via solution radical polymerization of vinyl acetate, vinyl pivalate and sodium 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl propane sulfonate (SAMPS). The effects of SAMPS content on the structure and properties of modified poly(vinyl alcohol) (MPVA) were investigated. On increasing the proportion of SAMPS, the characteristic band of –OH moved to a larger wavenumber. Compared to PVA, the melting temperature (Tm) of MPVA decreased from 223.1 to 161.5 °C at 0.03 mol of SAMPS, and the initial thermal decomposition temperature (Td) of MPVA increased from 244.3 to 262.2 °C at 0.05 mol of SAMPS. The crystallinity of the resin reduced from 51.46% to 10.21%. The enlarged difference between Td and Tm ensured the preparation of MPVA by thermal processing. The maximum tensile strength and elastic modulus of the obtained sheets were 137.56 and 2639.32 MPa, respectively. The introduction of SAMPS reduced the alcoholysis degree from 99.03% to 95.80%. The high alcoholysis degree of MPVA meant that it could be dissolved in water at 60 °C. This type of thermoplastic PVA shows a promising application on film and textiles that require water solubility. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Improved drug target deconvolution with PISA‐DIA using an extended, overlapping temperature gradient
Authors: Emery‐Corbin Samantha J. , Yousef Jumana M. , Adhikari Subash , Sumardy Fransisca , Nhu Duong , van Delft Mark F. , Lessene Guillaume , Dziekan Jerzy , Webb Andrew I. , Dagley Laura F.
Published: May 2024

Thermal proteome profiling (TPP) is a powerful tool for drug target deconvolution. Recently, data‐independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA‐MS) approaches have demonstrated significant improvements to depth and missingness in proteome data, but traditional TPP (a.k.a. CEllular Thermal Shift Assay “CETSA”) workflows typically employ multiplexing reagents reliant on data‐dependent acquisition (DDA). Herein, we introduce a new experimental design for the Proteome Integral Solubility Alteration via label‐free DIA approach (PISA‐DIA). We highlight the proteome coverage and sensitivity achieved by using multiple overlapping thermal gradients alongside DIA‐MS, which maximizes efficiencies in PISA sample concatenation and safeguards against missing protein targets that exist at high melting temperatures. We demonstrate our extended PISA‐DIA design has superior proteome coverage as compared to using tandem‐mass tags (TMT) necessitating DDA‐MS analysis. Importantly, we demonstrate our PISA‐DIA approach has the quantitative and statistical rigor using A‐1331852, a specific inhibitor of BCL‐xL. Due to the high melt temperature of this protein target, we utilized our extended multiple gradient PISA‐DIA workflow to identify BCL‐xL. We assert our novel overlapping gradient PISA‐DIA‐MS approach is ideal for unbiased drug target deconvolution, spanning a large temperature range whilst minimizing target dropout between gradients, increasing the likelihood of resolving the protein targets of novel compounds.
Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided portal pressure gradient identifies patients with previously undiagnosed clinically significant portal hypertension
Authors: Edelson Jerome C. , Edelson Scott F. D. , Quiles John G. , Edelson Cyrus V. , Montminy Eric M. , Horn Christian L. , Magulick John P. , Rockey Don C.
Published: May 2024

Aims

Portal hypertension (PH) is a complication of cirrhosis that leads to hepatic decompensation. Assessing the portal pressure gradient (PPG) provides valuable information for disease assessment, staging, and prognosis. In this study, we aimed to report the utilization of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)‐guided PPG (EUS‐PPG) measurements in a real‐world setting.

Methods

This retrospective analysis included patients at a tertiary care center who underwent EUS‐PPG between February 2021 and May 2022. The most common indication was to establish or exclude the diagnosis of cirrhosis, followed by an assessment of surgical risk in the setting of suspected cirrhosis. Extensive demographic and clinical data were collected, and statistical analysis was performed using the Student's t test.

Results

Eighteen patients underwent EUS‐PPG. Technical success was achieved in 17 of the 18 patients. No complications were observed. The mean scores of Child‐Pugh, Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease‐Sodium, and Fibrosis‐4 scores were 5.1 ± 0.5, 9.0 ± 3.0, and 3.7 ± 4.5, respectively. Of the 18 patients, two presented with esophageal varices and six with portal hypertensive gastropathy. The mean PPG was 5.8 ± 4.5 mmHg, and five patients exhibited clinically significant PH (CSPH). Of the 18 patients, 15 underwent concurrent EUS‐liver biopsy, which was 100% successful and provided diagnostic histology for all patients. The PPG data led to changes in the clinical management of 17 patients.

Conclusions

EUS‐PPG is safe and technically feasible. The Child‐Pugh score did not correlate well with the presence of CSPH; however, PPG measurements resulted in changes in the management of almost all patients. Larger studies correlating EUS‐PPG with other assessments of liver diseases are required.
Exogenous melatonin's effect on salivary cortisol and amylase: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Pachimsawat Praewpat , Ratanachamnong Piyanee , Jantaratnotai Nattinee
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to examine the effect of acute exogenous melatonin administration on salivary cortisol and alpha‐amylase (sCort and sAA) as representatives of the HPA axis and the sympathetic nervous system, respectively. A single‐dose prolonged‐release melatonin (2 mg) or a placebo tablet was given to healthy volunteers (n = 64) at 20:00 h in a crossover design. The saliva was collected at six time points (20:00, 21:00, awakening, 30 min after awakening, 10:00, and 12:00 h) and was measured for sCort, sAA, and salivary melatonin (sMT) levels. Pulse rates and sleep parameters were also collected. Melatonin was effective in improving sleep onset latency by 7:04 min (p = .037) and increasing total sleep time by 24 min (p = .006). Participants with poor baseline sleep quality responded more strongly to melatonin than participants with normal baseline sleep quality as they reported more satisfaction in having adequate sleep (p = .017). Melatonin administration resulted in higher sCort levels at awakening time point (p = .023) and a tendency of lower sAA levels but these were not significant. Melatonin ingestion at 20:00 h resulted in a marked increase in sMT levels at 21:00 h and remained higher than baseline up to at least 10:00 h (p < .001). Melatonin increases sCort levels at certain time point with a tendency to lower sAA levels. These opposing effects of melatonin suggested a complex interplay between melatonin and these biomarkers. Also, the results confirmed the positive acute effect of a single‐dose melatonin on sleep quality.
Stability of Vanadium‐Doped Transition Metal Dichalcogenides under Etching Atmosphere
Authors: Zhao Sunwen , Xiao Runhan , Feng Yuhan , Tian Chuang , Liu Jiawen , Yu Guanghui
Published: May 2024

2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted intensive interests for its unique electronic, optical, and thermal properties. Doping is necessary to expand the application. However, the stability of doped materials has been overlooked. This study focuses on the stability of monolayer‐doped MoS2 with different vanadium (V) concentrations. It provides a quantitative assessment of the etching results. Findings indicate that the stability of MoS2 under different etching atmospheres follows the series of lightly doped MoS2, pristine MoS2, moderately doped MoS2, and highly doped MoS2. This research indicates that the stability of the material is linked to the bonding energy of cations and anions, as well as the amount of lattice distortion, which competes with one another. Low levels of V doping do not lead to significant lattice distortion, and the binding energy between sulfur (S) and V surpasses that of molybdenum (Mo), which is the primary factor. Excessive doping results in lattice distortion, which leads to a multitude of defects and a reduction in durability. This work is important for guiding the assessment of the reliability, the protection of degradation, and application scenarios of TMDs.
Biosensing materials for monoclonal antibody detection: An overview
Authors: Zhang Yuxin , Fan Fang , Chai Yifeng , Chen Xiaofei
Published: May 2024

Considering the continuous advances in the synthesis and clinical applications of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), precision therapies that employ mAbs are essential. In recent years, extensive efforts have been invested in developing novel strategies or technologies for detection of mAbs. Given the availability of advanced biosensing materials, various assemblies of multifunctional materials can be prepared by intelligent design when evaluating targets for mAbs. This article provides an overview of the recent advances and functional applications of biosensing materials for mAb detection. Subsequently, we present the approaches by which mAb receptors are combined with materials to construct stimulus‐responsive analytical platforms that evaluate the contents and activities of mAbs in biological systems, enabling real‐time monitoring and diagnosis that could facilitate administration of mAbs during treatment. Furthermore, the review examines various applications of biosensing for mAb detection and implications in real‐world contexts; it also discusses ongoing challenges and future prospects.
Cellular Patterning Alone Using Bioprinting Regenerates Articular Cartilage Through Native‐Like Cartilagenesis
Authors: Grottkau Brian E. , Hui Zhixin , Pang Yonggang
Published: May 2024

Few studies have proved that bioprinting itself helps recapitulate native tissue functions mainly because the bioprinted macro shape can rarely, if ever, influence cell function. This can be more problematic in bioprinting cartilage, generally considered more challenging to engineer. Here a new method is shown to micro‐pattern chondrocytes within bioprinted sub‐millimeter micro tissues, denoted as patterned micro‐articular‐cartilages tissues (PA‐MCTs). Under the sole influence of bioprinted cellular patterns. A pattern scoring system is developed after over 600 bioprinted cellular patterns are analyzed. The top‐scored pattern mimics that of the isogenous group in native articular cartilage. Under the sole influence of this pattern during PA‐MCTs bio‐assembling into macro‐cartilage and repairing cartilage defects, chondrogenic cell phenotype is preserved, and cartilagenesis is initiated and maintained. Neocartilage tissues from individual and assembled PA‐MCTs are comparable to native articular cartilage and superior to cartilage bioprinted with homogeneously distributed cells in morphology, biochemical components, cartilage‐specific protein and gene expression, mechanical properties, integration with host tissues, zonation forming and stem cell chondrogenesis. PA‐MCTs can also be used as osteoarthritic and healthy cartilage models for therapeutic drug screening and cartilage development studies. This cellular patterning technique can pave a new way for bioprinting to recapitulate native tissue functions via tissue genesis.
Segmented Control of Selenization Environment for High‐Quality Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 Films Toward Efficient Kesterite Solar Cells
Authors: Jian Yue , Han Litao , Kong Xiangrui , Xie Tianliang , Kou Dongxing , Zhou Wenhui , Zhou Zhengji , Yuan Shengjie , Meng Yuena , Qi Yafang , Liang Guangxing , Zhang Xianghua , Zheng Zhi , Wu Sixin
Published: May 2024

High‐crystalline‐quality absorbers with fewer defects are crucial for further improvement of open‐circuit voltage (VOC) and efficiency of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) solar cells. However, the preparation of high‐quality CZTSSe absorbers remains challenging due to the uncontrollability of the selenization reaction and the complexity of the required selenization environment for film growth. Herein, a novel segmented control strategy for the selenization environment, specifically targeting the evaporation area of Se, to regulate the selenization reactions and improve the absorber quality is proposed. The large evaporation area of Se in the initial stage of the selenization provides a great evaporation and diffusion flux for Se, which facilitates rapid phase transition reactions and enables the attainment of a single‐layer thin film. The reduced evaporation area of Se in the later stage creates a soft‐selenization environment for grain growth, effectively suppressing the loss of Sn and promoting element homogenization. Consequently, the mitigation of Sn‐related deep‐level defects on the surface and in the bulk induced by element imbalance is simultaneously achieved. This leads to a significant improvement in nonradiative recombination suppression and carrier collection enhancement, thereby enhancing the VOC. As a result, the CZTSSe device delivers an impressive efficiency of 13.77% with a low VOC deficit.
Atomic‐Scale Distribution and Evolution of Strain in Pt Nanoparticles Grown on MoS2 Nanosheet
Authors: Zhu Yuchen , Zhao Zhitao , Xu Yingying , Wang Rongming
Published: May 2024

Interface strain significantly affects the band structure and electronic states of metal‐nanocrystal‐2D‐semiconductor heterostructures, impacting system performance. While transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a powerful tool for studying interface strain, its accuracy may be compromised by sample overlap in high‐resolution images due to the unique nature of the metal‐nanocrystals‐2D‐semiconductors heterostructure. Utilizing digital dark‐field technology, the substrate influence on metal atomic column contrasts is eliminated, improving the accuracy of quantitative analysis in high‐resolution TEM images. Applying this method to investigate Pt on MoS2 surfaces reveals that the heterostructure introduces a tensile strain of ≈3% in Pt nanocrystal. The x‐directional linear strain in Pt nanocrystals has a periodic distribution that matches the semi‐coherent interface between Pt nanocrystals and MoS2, while the remaining strain components localize mainly on edge atomic steps. These results demonstrate an accurate and efficient method for studying interface strain and provide a theoretical foundation for precise heterostructure fabrication.
Mechanistic Insights into the Synthesis of Nickel‐Graphene Nanostructures for Gas Sensors
Authors: Hsuan (Joseph) Sung Chao , Gong Bryan Yuji , Yu Haitao , Ede Sivasankara Rao , Cruz Luz , Fang Herry , Sarmiento Ezra , Zang Wenjie , Barrows Geoffrey L. , Kisailus David
Published: May 2024

Toxic gases are used in different types of industries and thus, present a potential health hazard. Therefore, highly sensitive gas sensing materials are essential for the safety of those operating in their environments. A process involving electrospinning polymer solutions impregnated with transition metal ions are developed to yield nanofibers that are annealed to form graphitic carbon / nickel nanoparticle‐based fibers for gas sensing applications. The performance of these gas sensors is strongly related to the ability to control the material parameters of the active material. As the formation of these nanostructures, which nucleate within solid carbon scaffolds, have not been investigated, the growth mechanisms are look to understand in order to exert control over the resulting material. Evaluation of these growth mechanisms are conducted through a combination of thermogravimetric analysis with mass spectrometry (TGA‐MS), x‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and reveal nucleation of nickel at the onset of the polymer scaffold decomposition with subsequent growth processes, including surface diffusion, aggregation, coalescence and evaporation condensation, that are activated at different temperatures. Gas sensing experiments conducted on analyte gases demonstrate good sensitivity and response times, and significant potential for use in other energy and environmental applications.
Superwetting Nanofluids of NiOx‐Nanocrystals/CsBr Solution for Fabricating Quality NiOx‐CsPbBr3 Gradient Hybrid Film in Carbon‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Zengyi , Zhang Lele , Liu Xuanling , Ye Lin , Zhao Shuang , Chen Yingyu , Yan Huiyu , Han Jianhua , Lin Hong
Published: May 2024

The wettability of precursor solution on substrates is the critical factor for fabricating quality film. In this work, superwetting nanofluids (NFs) of non‐stoichiometric nickel oxide (NiOx) nanocrystals (NCs)‐CsBr solution are first utilized to fabricate quality NiOx‐CsPbBr3 hybrid film with gradient‐distributed NiOx NCs in the upper part for constructing hole transport ladder in carbon‐based perovskite solar cells (C‐PSCs). As anticipated, the crystalline properties (improved crystalline grain diameters and reduced impurity phase) and hole extraction/transport of the NiOx‐CsPbBr3 hybrid film are improved after incorporating NiOx NCs into CsPbBr3. This originates from the superb wettability of NiOx‐CsBr NFs on substrates and the excellent hole‐transport properties of NiOx. Consequently, the C‐PSCs with the structure of FTO/SnO2/NiOx‐CsPbBr3/C displays a power conversion efficiency of 10.07%, resulting in a 23.6% improvement as compared with the pristine CsPbBr3 cell. This work opens up a promising strategy to improve the absorber layer in PSCs by incorporating NCs into perovskite layers through the use of the superwettability of NFs and by composition gradient engineering.
Improved forecasting of the compressive strength of ultra‐high‐performance concrete (UHPC) via the CatBoost model optimized with different algorithms
Authors: Katlav Metin , Ergen Faruk
Published: May 2024

This paper focuses on the applicability of CatBoost models constructed using various optimization techniques for improved forecasting the compressive strength of ultra‐high‐performance concrete (UHPC). Phasor particle swarm optimization (PPSO), dwarf mongoose optimization (DMO), and atom search optimization (ASO), which have been very popular recently, are preferred as optimization algorithms. A comprehensive and reliable data set is used to develop the CatBoost models, which include 785 test results with 15 input features. The performance of the CatBoost models (PPSO‐CatBoost, DMO‐CatBoost, and ASO‐CatBoost) optimized with different algorithms is thoroughly assessed by means of various statistical metrics and error analysis to determine the model with the best forecasting capability, and this model is compared with the models obtained from previous studies. In addition, Shapley additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis is used to ensure the interpretability of the forecasting models and to overcome the “black box” problem of machine learning (ML) models. The obtained results demonstrate that all CatBoost models outstandingly forecast the compressive strength of UHPC. Among these models, the DMO‐CatBoost model stands out compared to the other models in various performance metrics, such as high coefficient of determination (R2) values, low root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and mean absolute error (MAE) values, along with a smaller error ratio. In other words, the RMSE, R2, MAPE, and MAE values of the DMO‐CatBoost model for the training set are 3.67, 0.993, 0.019, and 2.35, respectively, whereas those for the test set are 6.15, 0.978, 0.038, and 4.51. Additionally, the performance ranking of the algorithms used to optimize the hyperparameters of the CatBoost model is as follows: DMO > PPSO > ASO. On the other hand, SHAP analysis showed that age, fiber dosage, and cement dosage significantly influence the compressive strength of UHPC. These findings can guide structural engineers in the design and optimization of UHPC, thus assisting them in developing strategies to improve the strength properties of the material. Finally, based on the best forecasting model developed in this work, a graphical user interface has been developed to easily forecast the compressive strength of UHPC in practical applications without additional tools or software.
Genetic control of root architectural traits under drought stress in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Authors: Siddiqui Md. Nurealam , Jahiu Melisa , Kamruzzaman Mohammad , Sanchez‐Garcia Miguel , Mason Annaliese S. , Léon Jens , Ballvora Agim
Published: May 2024

Root architectural traits play pivotal roles in plant adaptation to drought stress, and hence they are considered promising targets in breeding programs. Here, we phenotyped eight root architecture traits in response to well‐watered and drought stress conditions in 200 spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) inbred lines over two consecutive field seasons. Root architecture traits were less developed under drought in both seasons when compared with control treatments. Genetic variation in root architectural traits was dissected employing a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) coupled with linkage disequilibrium mapping. GWAS uncovered a total of 186 significant single nucleotide polymorphism‐trait associations for eight root traits under control, drought, and drought‐related indices. Of these, a few loci for root traits were detected on chromosomes 3 and 5, which co‐located with QTL identified in previous studies. Interestingly, 13 loci showed simultaneou associations with multiple root traits under drought and drought‐related indices. These loci harbored candidate genes, which included a wide range of drought‐responsive components such as transcription factors, binding proteins, protein kinases, nutrient and ion transporters, and stress signaling factors. For instance, two candidate genes, HORVU7Hr3G0713160 and HORVU6H r3G0626550, are orthologous to AtACX3 and AtVAMPs, which have reported functions in root length‐mediated drought tolerance and as a key protein in abiotic stress tolerance, respectively. Interestingly, one of these loci underlying a high‐confidence candidate gene NEW ENHANCER OF ROOT DWARFISM1 (NERD1) showed involvement with root development. An allelic variation of this locus in non‐coding region was significantly associated with increased root length under drought. Collectively, these results offer promising multi‐trait affecting loci and candidate genes underlying root phenotypic responses to drought stress, which may provide valuable resources for genetic improvement of drought tolerance in barley.