bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of a graph neural network to the weighted gene co-expression network analysis of Korean native cattle
Authors: Lee Hyo-Jun , Chung Yoonji , Chung Ki Yong , Kim Young-Kuk , Lee Jun Heon , Koh Yeong Jun , Lee Seung Hwan
Published: June 2022

In the general framework of the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), a hierarchical clustering algorithm is commonly used to module definition. However, hierarchical clustering depends strongly on the topological overlap measure. In other words, this algorithm may assign two genes with low topological overlap to different modules even though their expression patterns are similar. Here, a novel gene module clustering algorithm for WGCNA is proposed. We develop a gene module clustering network (gmcNet), which simultaneously addresses single-level expression and topological overlap measure. The proposed gmcNet includes a “co-expression pattern recognizer” (CEPR) and “module classifier”. The CEPR incorporates expression features of single genes into the topological features of co-expressed ones. Given this CEPR-embedded feature, the module classifier computes module assignment probabilities. We validated gmcNet performance using 4,976 genes from 20 native Korean cattle. We observed that the CEPR generates more robust features than single-level expression or topological overlap measure. Given the CEPR-embedded feature, gmcNet achieved the best performance in terms of modularity (0.261) and the differentially expressed signal (27.739) compared with other clustering methods tested. Furthermore, gmcNet detected some interesting biological functionalities for carcass weight, backfat thickness, intramuscular fat, and beef tenderness of Korean native cattle. Therefore, gmcNet is a useful framework for WGCNA module clustering.
Burden of maternal and fetal outcomes among pregnant cancer survivors during delivery hospitalizations in the United States
Authors: Rubens Muni , Ramamoorthy Venkataraghavan , Saxena Anshul , McGranaghan Peter , Appunni Sandeep , Ahmed Md Ashfaq , Zhang Zhenwei , Burchfield Shelbie , Tonse Raees , Veledar Emir , Kotecha Rupesh
Published: June 2022

Existing studies on pregnancy-related outcomes among cancer survivors are limited by sample size or specificity of the cancer type. This study estimated the burden of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes among pregnant cancer survivors using a national database. This study was a retrospective analysis of National Inpatient Sample collected during 2010–2014. Multivariate regression models were used to calculate odds ratios for maternal and fetal outcomes. The study included a weighted sample of 64,506 pregnant cancer survivors and 18,687,217 pregnant women without cancer. Pregnant cancer survivors had significantly higher odds for death during delivery hospitalization, compared to pregnant women without cancer (58 versus 5 deaths per 100,000 pregnancies). They also had higher odds of severe maternal morbidity (aOR 2.00 [95% CI 1.66–2.41]), cesarean section (aOR 1.27 [95% CI 1.19–1.37]), labor induction (aOR 1.17 [95% CI 1.07–1.29]), pre-eclampsia (aOR 1.18 [95% CI 1.02–1.36]), preterm labor (aOR 1.55 [95% CI 1.36–1.76]), chorioamnionitis (aOR 1.45 [95% CI 1.15–1.82]), postpartum infection (aOR 1.68 [95% CI 1.21–2.33]), venous thromboembolism (aOR 3.62 [95% CI 2.69–4.88]), and decreased fetal movements (aOR 1.67 [95% CI 1.13–2.46]). This study showed that pregnancy among cancer survivors constitutes a high-risk condition requiring advanced care and collective efforts from multiple subspecialties.
Association between gait speed and errors on the Clock Drawing Test in older adults with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Umegaki Hiroyuki , Suzuki Yusuke , Komiya Hitoshi , Watanabe Kazuhisa , Nagae Masaaki , Yamada Yosuke , Kuzuya Masafumi
Published: June 2022

Individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) often make qualitative errors on the Clock Drawing Test (CDT), and these errors are reported to be associated with lower scores on neuropsychological assessments. Gait speed is also closely associated with cognitive dysfunction. However, the association between CDT errors and gait speed has not been investigated in individuals with MCI. Therefore, in this study, we explored the association between gait speed and qualitative errors on the CDT. Participants were 196 outpatients at a memory clinic with a clinical dementia rating of 0.5. The CDT was evaluated using the method of Cahn et al. The participants were divided into tertiles of normal and maximum gait speeds. The CDT error types of stimulus-bound response, conceptual deficit (CD), and planning deficit were found in 24.5%, 29.6%, and 30.1% of the participants, respectively. CD was found in 43.6% of the slowest tertile of maximum gait and in 22.2% of the fastest tertile. Multiple linear regression analysis gait speeds as objective continuous variables revealed that CD was significantly negatively associated with maximum gait, but not with normal gait. No other error types were associated with gait speeds. Only CD type error on the CDT was negatively associated with maximum gait speed, but not normal gait speed in the current study. The association between the qualitative error on the CDT and gait speed provides further basis of the clinical importance of qualitative assessments of CDT.
Aurochs roamed along the SW coast of Andalusia (Spain) during Late Pleistocene
Authors: de Carvalho Carlos Neto , Muñiz Fernando , Cáceres Luis M. , Belaústegui Zain , Rodríguez-Vidal Joaquín , Belo João , Moreira Noel , Cachão Mário , Cunha Pedro P. , Figueiredo Silvério , Galán José María , Zhang Yilu , Gómez Paula , Toscano Antonio , Ruiz Francisco , Ramírez-Cruzado Samuel , Giles-Guzmán Francisco , Finlayson Geraldine , Finlayson Stewart , Finlayson Clive
Published: June 2022

In the Iberian Peninsula the fossil record of artiodactyls spans over 53 million years. During the Pleistocene, wild cattle species such as Bison and especially Bos became common. In Late Pleistocene, the aurochs (Bos primigenius) was widespread and the only bovine living along the large river valleys of southern Iberia. Although commonly found in fossil sites and especially in cave bone assemblages, the trace fossil record of aurochs was known worldwide only from the Holocene. Large bovine and roe deer/caprine tracks were found in at least five horizons of the early Late Pleistocene (MIS 5) beach and eolian deposits of Cape Trafalgar (Cadiz Province, South of Spain). The large bovine tracks are formally described as Bovinichnus uripeda igen. et isp. nov. and compared with the record of aurochs tracks, large red deer tracks and steppe bison biogeographical distribution in Iberia. Aurochs were the most likely producers of the newly described Trafalgar Trampled Surface (TTS) and some of the large artiodactyl tracks in the Matalascañas Trampled Surface, representing the oldest aurochs track record known. This new evidence, together with comparisons with the record of possible aurochs tracks in the Mid-Late Pleistocene coastal deposits from the Asperillo cliff section in Matalascañas (Huelva Province, SW Spain) and bone assemblages known in Gibraltar, point to a recurrent use of the coastal habitat by these large artiodactyls in SW Iberia.
Full-dimensional quantum mechanical calculations for the tunneling behavior of HOCO dissociation to H + CO2
Authors: Ma Dandan , Ma Jianyi
Published: June 2022

Tunneling lifetimes obtained in our work (dots) compared to those for the O–H stretch taken from Continetti et al. using a 1-D potential optimised from experiments (red solid line).
Highly efficient peroxidase-like activity of a metal–oxide-incorporated CeO2–MIL(Fe) metal–organic framework and its application in the colorimetric detection of melamine and mercury ions via induced hydrogen and covalent bonds
Authors: Amalraj Arunjegan , Narayanan Mariyammal , Perumal Panneerselvam
Published: June 2022

The illegal addition of melamine to dairy products and the contamination of water with Hg2+ are serious threats to human health. This necessitates the search for new and efficient probe for detection of melamine in foods and Hg2+ in water samples.
A new access to diazaphospholes via cycloaddition–cycloreversion reactions on triazaphospholes
Authors: Dettling Lea , Papke Martin , Sklorz Julian A. W. , Buzsáki Dániel , Kelemen Zsolt , Weber Manuela , Nyulászi László , Müller Christian
Published: June 2022

The [4+2] cycloaddition of a triazaphosphole with hexafluoro-2-butyne, followed by a cycloreversion reaction under elimination of pivaloyl nitrile, affords selectively a novel bis-CF3-substituted diazaphosphole in high yield.
Time-resolved dynamics of stable open- and closed-shell neutral radical and oxidized tripyrrindione complexes
Authors: Cho Byungmoon , Swain Alicia , Gautam Ritika , Tomat Elisa , Huxter Vanessa M.
Published: June 2022

Time-resolved dynamics of tripyrrole-metal complexes presented as a function of solvent and multiplicity. These molecules form stable ligand-based radicals with triplet, doublet, or singlet states.
Conductance and tunnelling current characteristics for individual identification of synthetic nucleic acids with a graphene device
Authors: Kumawat Rameshwar L. , Pathak Biswarup
Published: June 2022

The TOC features a scheme of a graphene nanoribbon-based nanogap device for synthetic DNA sequencing. This strategy is very much useful for amplification- and label-free, inexpensive, and portable synthetic DNA sensing through a solid nanogap device.
Transport signatures of few-atom carbon rings
Authors: Rojas Carlos , León A. , Pacheco M. , Chico Leonor , Orellana P. A.
Published: June 2022

We study the electronic transport through an all-carbon quantum ring side-coupled to a quantum wire.
Molecular vibrational spectral simulation connects theoretical cluster structure identification and vibrational spectral evidence
Authors: Feng Ya-Juan , Wang Chao
Published: June 2022

Global structure searching and vibrational spectral simulation is combined to identify structures of NH4+(H2O)n clusters. The vibrational features of experimental spectra are unambiguously assigned by the FT-DACF and FT-VACF methods.
Pressure enhanced negative thermal expansion in 2H CuScO2 from first-principles calculations
Authors: Chang Dahu , Tang Chunjuan , Hu Qiubo , Wang Changqing , Jia Yu
Published: June 2022

Finding materials with negative thermal expansion (NTE) property is challenging.
Principle and applications of peak force infrared microscopy
Authors: Wang Le , Wang Haomin , Xu Xiaoji G.
Published: June 2022

Peak force infrared (PFIR) microscopy is an atomic force microscopy-based infrared microscopy with multimodal characterization capabilities. PFIR microscopy allows ∼10 nm spatial resolution chemical imaging in both the air and liquid phases.
Copper-photocatalyzed ATRA reactions: concepts, applications, and opportunities
Authors: Engl Sebastian , Reiser Oliver
Published: June 2022

This review summarizes the different applications and underlying concepts that are applied for the Cu(i)- or Cu(ii)-photocatalyzed difunctionalizations of alkenes.
A convenient transformation of alkynes to α-hydroxy-α-CF3-γ-ketoester derivatives via H3PO4-catalyzed tandem hydration and aldol condensation
Authors: Wang Jiali , Yao Jun , Jia Chunqi , Hu Dandan , Chen Yun-Hua , Song Jinyu , Zhang Jun-Qi , Ren Hongjun
Published: June 2022

A robust metal-free catalytic strategy for the rapid construction of the valuable α-hydroxy-α-CF3-γ-ketoester skeleton with cheap and easily available stock chemicals (alkynes and trifluoropyruvate) as the starting material is described.
One-step fabrication and photocatalytic performance of sea urchin-like CuO/ZnO heterostructures
Authors: Tan Hongjie , Huang Zuzhen , Wang Yun , Sang Lexian , Wang Lichang , Jia Fuchao , Sun Fazhe , Wang Xiaomei
Published: June 2022

p-CuO/n-ZnO heterostructures with a sea urchin-like hierarchical structure exhibit outstanding photodegradation abilities toward MO under UV light.
Zinc-doped hydroxyapatite: an UVA light photocatalyst for the removal of bisphenol A
Authors: Benitez-Maldonado D. V. , García-Díaz E. , Sabinas-Hernández Sergio A. , Silva-González R. , Robles-Águila M. J.
Published: June 2022

Zinc-doped hydroxyapatite obtained by a simple co-precipitation method achieved a photocatalytic removal > 80% of Bisphenol A.
Robust fluorine effects on molecular conformations of 2-amino-2-fluorotetrahydro-2H-pyrans: fluorine-Perlin-like vs. Perlin effects
Authors: Tsipis Athanassios C.
Published: June 2022

Anomeric, fluorine-Perlin-like and Perlin effects of 2-amino-2-fluorotetrahydro-2H-pyrans and 2-amino-tetrahydro-2H-pyrans explored by DFT computational protocols. Robust fluorine effect on conformational equilibria.
The in situ growth of Mg–Al hydrotalcite on spherical alumina and its application as a support of a Pt-based catalyst for isobutane dehydrogenation
Authors: Zhao He , Fu Huanran , Li Boyuan , Feng Yi , Wang Kang , Wang Xitao
Published: June 2022

The in situ growth of Mg–Al hydrotalcite on spherical alumina and its application in catalytic dehydrogenation with a Pt-based catalyst.
Steric effects of a homogeneous CuCl2/solvent system for photocatalytic selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol
Authors: Meng Chao , Weng Bo
Published: June 2022

Sterically hindered solvents change the production and selectivity of benzaldehyde in photocatalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol by homogeneous CuCl2/solvent.
Total synthesis of thioamycolamide A using diastereoselective sulfa-Michael addition as the key step
Authors: Xiao Yi , Jiang Yangyang , Xu Chao , Nakliang Pratanphorn , Yoon Sanghee , Choi Sun , Guo Yian , Ye Tao
Published: June 2022

The total synthesis of the antitumor natural product thioamycolamide A has been accomplished in 19.1% overall yield featuring a diastereoselective sulfa-Michael reaction.
Configurationally stable dithia[7]helicene and dithia-quasi[8]circulene fused dithiolones
Authors: Baudillon Maxime , Cauchy Thomas , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Avarvari Narcis , Pop Flavia
Published: June 2022

Stereochemically stable dithia[7]helicene and dithia-quasi[8]circulene decorated with 1,3-dithiol-2-one motifs were synthesized by simple and double oxidative dehydrocyclisation.
Bedeutung der Ernährungs- und Bewegungstherapie für
den geriatrischen Patienten
Authors: Lenzen-Großimlinghaus Romana
Published: June 2022

In Deutschland weisen in geriatrischen Abteilungen ca. 60% der Patienten
ein Risiko für oder eine manifeste Mangelernährung auf. Nach
Phasen der Unterernährung können ältere Menschen den
Gewichtsverlust nicht ohne besondere therapeutische Unterstützung
kompensieren. Je stärker die Mangelernährung im Alter
ausgeprägt ist, umso mehr Muskelmasse geht verloren. Zum Wiederaufbau
von Muskelmasse und -funktion benötigen alte Menschen significant mehr
Energie und essenzielle Aminosäuren als junge. Der Energiebedarf zum
Muskelaufbau steigt außerdem mit fallendem BMI. Bei krankheitsbedingter
Immobilisierung verlieren ältere Menschen in 5 Tagen Bettruhe 4%
ihrer Muskelmasse und 16% ihrer Muskelkraft. Daher muss es das Ziel
einer medizinischen Behandlung geriatrischer Patienten sein, sowohl die
Gesundung des Organismus zu erreichen als auch die Kraft und Funktion des
muskuloskeletalen Systems zu erhalten. Dies wird im Alter nur durch
gleichzeitige Bewegungs- und Ernährungstherapie erreicht. Bei Jungen
reicht allein die Gabe von Proteinsupplementen zur Steigerung der
muskulären Proteinsynthese nach Bettruhe, bei Alten müssen
zusätzlich physiotherapeutische Maßnahmen erfolgen. Die Basis
der funktionsorientierten Therapie ist die optimierte Ernährung des
geriatrischen Patienten: Der tägliche Energiebedarf im Alter
beträgt bei mäßiger Aktivität ca. 30
kcal/kg KG. Eine ausgeglichene Ernährung im Alter sollte
40–60% Kohlenhydrate, 15–20% Protein,
30–50% Fett umfassen, wobei der Proteinanteil durchaus
höher sein kann und möglichst 1,5 g/kg KG betragen
sollte. Störfaktoren der Ernährung im Alter sind
vielfältig, müssen systematisch erfasst und multimodal behandelt
werden. In der Geriatrie steht für dieses kombinierte Therapiekonzept
das multiprofessionelle Team zur Verfügung.
Zugang und Inanspruchnahme psychosomatischer Versorgung aus ärztlicher Sicht: Eine qualitative Interviewstudie
Authors: von Spreckelsen Regina , Gerdes Sascha , Mrowietz Ulrich , Emmert Hila
Published: June 2022

Hintergrund Chronisch entzündliche Hauterkrankungen sind häufig mit psychosozialen Beeinträchtigungen und einer reduzierten Lebensqualität vergesellschaftet. Ziel dieser Studie war es zu erfassen, wie spezialisiertes medizinisches Personal eines universitären Haut-Entzündungszentrums die Zugangswege und die Inanspruchnahme psychosomatischer Sondierungsgespräche oder Kurzzeitinterventionen bei PatientInnen mit chronisch entzündlichen Hauterkrankungen wahrnimmt.

Methoden Es wurden qualitative Erhebungen in Form von 10 Einzelinterviews mit medizinischem Personal durchgeführt, das zum Zeitpunkt der Befragung im Zentrum für entzündliche Hauterkrankungen der Uni-Hautklinik tätig war. Die Daten wurden inhaltsanalytisch mithilfe einer qualitativen Analysesoftware ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Die Ergebnisse aus den geführten Einzelinterviews ergaben, dass die Einbindung einer psychosomatischen Versorgung innerhalb eines dermatologischen Entzündungszentrums vom ärztlichen Personal als durchweg positiv bewertet wurde. Die Option auf ein zeit- und zentrumsnahes Gesprächsangebot nimmt dabei eine besondere Rolle ein. Experten fühlen sich mit der ortsnahen Einbindung psychosomatischer Expertise sicherer im Umgang mit belasteten Patient*innen. Der holistische Ansatz scheint einen positiven Einfluss auf die individuelle Behandlung und die Beziehungsgestaltung mit den Patient*innen zu nehmen. Dabei zeigten sich keine wesentlichen Unterschiede im Geschlecht und über verschiedene Altersgruppen hinweg.

Diskussion Die Möglichkeit zur zentrumsnahen Anbindung von belasteten Patient*innen in Form von zusätzlichen psychosomatischen Sondierungsgesprächen wie auch dem Einsatz von adaptierten Kurzzeitinterventionen trägt zur holistischen Behandlung bei, scheint einen günstigen Einfluss auf den somatischen Behandlungsverlauf zu nehmen und unterstützt Ärzt*innen in ihrer Behandlung.
The Audiologist's Role in Advocacy
Authors: Baxter Jodi H.
Published: June 2022

Healthcare policy decisions that affect the day-to-day work of an audiologist and his/her ability to best serve our patients occur every day. It is imperative that every professional participate in advocacy efforts; however, many audiologists are unfamiliar with current advocacy initiatives, how to participate, or how critical one phone call, email, or meeting could be in the legislative process.
Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava Associated with Right Aberrant Subclavian Artery Detected during Totally Implantable Vascular Access Device Insertion
Authors: El-Helou Etienne , Zaiter Manar , Shall Ammar , Sleiman Youssef , Liberale Gabriel , Pop Catalin-Florin
Published: June 2022

Introduction Persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is a rare vascular malformation, with several cases reported in the English literature. The diagnosis is made incidentally, during cardiovascular imaging or when a catheter is placed in the left jugular or subclavian vein. They are without associated hemodynamic alterations, except if they have left atrial drainage or an associated dilation of the coronary sinus. If necessary, long-term PSLVC catheterization with right atrial drainage is safe.

Case Presentation We report the case of 40-year-old man, admitted for placement of totally implantable vascular access device (TIVAD) on the same day of his first chemotherapy. A disease localized to the right neck made it impossible to puncture on the right. During the puncture of the left internal jugular vein, the diagnosis of PLSVC was made. Postoperative investigations confirmed the diagnosis and showed the presence of the right superior vena cava to which it was connected by the left brachiocephalic vein. They also confirmed the drainage of PLSVC into the coronary sinus. In addition, they demonstrated the presence of an associated right aberrant subclavian artery of direct aortic origin. Chemotherapy was administered safely and the port was removed 9 months after insertion without any problem.

Conclusion This is one of the rare cases reported in the English literature of PLSVC diagnosed during TIVAD insertion and the first to report an associated vascular malformation. We publish it to encourage physicians to think about this differential diagnosis and to carefully perform the appropriate investigations before using the port.
Improved method for imaging solar panel photoluminescence identifies damage
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: June 2022

Solar panels degrade over time, motivating a non-invasive method to identify device faults without impacting the system.
Measurement of isosteric heat of gas adsorption and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area using a quartz crystal microbalance
Authors: Pham Thi Kieu Ngan , Garcia Geoffrey A. , Brown Joseph J.
Published: June 2022

The study of gas adsorption on a solid surface evaluates the affinity between sorbate gas and sorbent substrate and factors that contribute to this. This paper presents a test platform for adsorption experiments of various gases on various solid surfaces. Controlled environmental conditions enable investigations in materials surface science and increase the consistency among adsorption data. The system utilizes a quartz crystal microbalance to perform gravimetric analysis of deposition and adsorption, enabling investigation of the interaction of gaseous molecules with solid surfaces. In this study, a quartz crystal microbalance as gas adsorption detector was integrated with an environmental chamber to create a versatile tool for gas adsorption experiments on thin films. Experimental operation of this apparatus was demonstrated via acquisition of the adsorption isotherms of cyclohexane vapor on a gold surface at 55 and 70 °C. The result indicated International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry Type II adsorption. Consequentially, application of the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller model to the isotherm data subject to predefined criteria for linear region selection yielded a surface area of the sorbent of 0.53 cm2 at 55 °C. From the monolayer region of the isotherms, the isosteric heat of adsorption of the cyclohexane vapor on gold was calculated to be 37 kJ mol−1.
First-order like phase transition induced by quenched coupling disorder
Authors: Hong Hyunsuk , Martens Erik A.
Published: June 2022

We investigate the collective dynamics of a population of XY model-type oscillators, globally coupled via non-separable interactions that are randomly chosen from a positive or negative value and subject to thermal noise controlled by temperature T. We find that the system at T=0 exhibits a discontinuous, first-order like phase transition from the incoherent to the fully coherent state; when thermal noise is present (T>0), the transition from incoherence to the partial coherence is continuous and the critical threshold is now larger compared to the deterministic case (T=0). We derive an exact formula for the critical transition from incoherent to coherent oscillations for the deterministic and stochastic case based on both stability analysis for finite oscillators as well as for the thermodynamic limit (N→∞) based on a rigorous mean-field theory using graphons, valid for heterogeneous graph structures. Our theoretical results are supported by extensive numerical simulations. Remarkably, the synchronization threshold induced by the type of random coupling considered here is identical to the one found in studies, which consider uniform input or output strengths for each oscillator node [H. Hong and S. H. Strogatz, Phys. Rev. E 84(4), 046202 (2011); Phys. Rev. Lett. 106(5), 054102 (2011)], which suggests that these systems display a “universal” character for the onset of synchronization.
Robust defect detection under uncertainties using spatially adaptive capacitive imaging
Authors: Mukherjee S. , Kumar D. , Udpa L. , Deng Y.
Published: June 2022

We develop a high-Q capacitive sensing based robust non-destructive evaluation (NDE) methodology that can be widely used in varied NDE applications. We show that the proposed method can detect defects in a host of robust regimes where uncertainties such as lift-off, probe tilt, fluctuations in sampling rates, and step sizes are inherent in the data collection process. We explicitly characterize the corruption in the capacitive sensing data due to various lift-off based uncertainties. We use a Bayesian decision theoretic approach to rigorously understand the impact of these corruptions on defect identification efficacy. Using an optimally tuned weighted classification loss, we prove that it is theoretically feasible to accurately detect defect location and sizes from capacitive sensing signals collected under the aforementioned uncertainties. The Bayesian decision theoretic study needs prior information for accurate detection that is not available in real NDE inspections. So, we develop a solely data driven algorithm that analyzes the capacitive sensing signals without any prior knowledge of defect or uncertainty types. The developed algorithm is non-parametric and uses spatially adaptive denoising to weed out uncertainty induced noises. By leveraging the spatial association in the capacitive sensing signals, our algorithm greatly improves on popular non-spatial approaches. Compared to popular thresholding methods and low-rank based denoising approaches, we demonstrate superior performance of the proposed method in terms of coverage and false positive metrics for defect identification. Using spatially adaptive denoising, we design a robust capacitive sensing method that can detect defects with high precision under various uncertainty regimes.
Transient processes in electric transport in the powder MoS2 samples
Authors: Vainberg V. V. , Pylypchuk O. S. , Poroshin V. N. , Olenchuk M. V. , Dovbeshko G. I. , Monastyskyi G. P.
Published: June 2022

The transient processes in the electric conduction of fine disperse 2D-MoS2 powder samples, occurring at changing voltages applied to the sample under the conditions of uniaxial compression, have been studied. The long-term transient changes in conduction occurring both after switching on and off the applied voltage were observed. The current–voltage characteristics have a hysteresis of branches corresponding to increasing and decreasing voltages. The observed results are explained within the frame of the migration (interlayer) polarization model.
Two-dimensional tetragonal and hexagonal lattices of transition metal carbides MC (M = Ti, Zr, Hf): Observation of two nodal loops and strong light-harvesting ability
Authors: Xue Kui , Yan Luo , Ge Yongheng , Zhang Jing , Ku Ruiqi , Ding Yi-Min , Jiao Yalong , Zhu Ziming , Zhou Liujiang
Published: June 2022

Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides (TMCs) have captured immense interest for their fascinating physical and chemical properties. Among them, bare carbide MXenes exhibit a metallic feature, greatly limiting the potential applications in optoelectronic devices. Herein, based on the particle swarm optimization and first-principles calculations, we predicted the existence of two single layer (SL) TMCs, namely, tetragonal β-MC and hexagonal γ-MC (M = Ti, Zr, Hf). The two structures are more stable than previously reported α-MC and possess semimetal and semiconductor properties, respectively. We further reveal that the β-MC monolayers have two nodal loops around the Fermi level. SL γ-TiC, ZrC, and HfC have a bandgap of 1.59, 1.24, and 1.57 eV, respectively, and display strong light-harvesting ability in the visible light range. Our research expands the 2D TMCs family beyond the extensively existing MXenes and greatly enriches the carbon chemistry.
Efficient moment-based approach to the simulation of infinitely many heterogeneous phase oscillators
Authors: León Iván , Pazó Diego
Published: June 2022

The dynamics of ensembles of phase oscillators are usually described considering their infinite-size limit. In practice, however, this limit is fully accessible only if the Ott–Antonsen theory can be applied, and the heterogeneity is distributed following a rational function. In this work, we demonstrate the usefulness of a moment-based scheme to reproduce the dynamics of infinitely many oscillators. Our analysis is particularized for Gaussian heterogeneities, leading to a Fourier–Hermite decomposition of the oscillator density. The Fourier–Hermite moments obey a set of hierarchical ordinary differential equations. As a preliminary experiment, the effects of truncating the moment system and implementing different closures are tested in the analytically solvable Kuramoto model. The moment-based approach proves to be much more efficient than the direct simulation of a large oscillator ensemble. The convenience of the moment-based approach is exploited in two illustrative examples: (i) the Kuramoto model with bimodal frequency distribution, and (ii) the “enlarged Kuramoto model” (endowed with nonpairwise interactions). In both systems, we obtain new results inaccessible through direct numerical integration of populations.
Mixing and nonlinear internal waves in a shallow flow of a three-layer stratified fluid
Authors: Chesnokov A. A. , Gavrilyuk S. L. , Liapidevskii V. Yu.
Published: June 2022

We propose a mathematical model describing the mixing and propagation of nonlinear long waves in a shear three-layer flow of a stratified fluid under a lid. The shallow water equations describe the fluid flow in the outer almost potential homogeneous layers. In the intermediate mixing layer, the fluid is inhomogeneous and its flow is turbulent. Kinematic boundary conditions at the interfaces ensure the interaction between the layers. In the Boussinesq approximation, we reduced the governing equations to an evolutionary system of balance laws that is hyperbolic for a small difference in velocities in the outer layers. Using the characteristic velocities of the proposed model, we define the concept of a supercritical (subcritical) three-layer flow. We study classes of stationary flows and construct examples of continuous and discontinuous oscillating solutions that describe the spatial evolution of the mixing layer in a stratified flow with upstream shear. The problem of transcritical flow over an obstacle is considered. Depending on the relative velocity, the obtained solutions describe qualitatively different flow regimes on the leeward side of the obstacle. The proposed one-dimensional model was compared against experimental data and numerical results based on the Navier–Stokes equations. The model quite accurately describes the region of intense mixing and characteristic features of the flow.
Stochastic growth tree networks with an identical fractal dimension: Construction and mean hitting time for random walks
Authors: Ma Fei , Luo Xudong , Wang Ping
Published: June 2022

There is little attention paid to stochastic tree networks in comparison with the corresponding deterministic analogs in the current study of fractal trees. In this paper, we propose a principled framework for producing a family of stochastic growth tree networks Tm;t possessing fractal characteristic, where t represents the time step and parameter m is the number of vertices newly created for each existing vertex at generation. To this end, we introduce two types of generative ways, i.e., Edge-Operation and Edge-Vertex-Operation. More interestingly, the resulting stochastic trees turn out to have an identical fractal dimension dm;f=ln⁡2(m+1)/ln⁡2 regardless of the introduction of randomness in the growth process. At the same time, we also study many other structural parameters including diameter and degree distribution. In both extreme cases, our tree networks are deterministic and follow multiple-point degree distribution and power-law degree distribution, respectively. Additionally, we consider random walks on stochastic growth tree networks Tm;t and derive an expectation estimation for mean hitting time ⟨Hm;t⟩ in an effective combinatorial manner instead of commonly used spectral methods. The result shows that on average, the scaling of mean hitting time ⟨Hm;t⟩ obeys ⟨Hm;t⟩=|Tm;t|λ, where |Tm;t| represents vertex number and exponent λ is equivalent to 1+ln⁡2/ln⁡2(m+1). In the meantime, we conduct extensive experimental simulations and observe that empirical analysis is in strong agreement with theoretical results.
Polarization-insensitive optical angular filtration enabled by defective photonic crystals
Authors: Tian Nan , Feng Lei , Ren Yongze , Yu Ruixuan , Zhang Xuejin , Xu Ting
Published: June 2022

Optical angular filters, which can be used to filter light transmission at a specific angle, are extremely attractive for various optical applications. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a one-dimensional (1D) defective photonic crystal (DPC) to realize polarization-insensitive narrow angular filtration at normal incidence. The proposed angular filter consists of a mirror-symmetric heterostructure incorporating two groups of alternatively stacked Si and SiO2 layers separated by a SiO2 defect layer. Using the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique, the fabricated DPC can achieve a narrow angular transparency window of ±6° at the near-infrared wavelength. Based on the angular filtration effect, DPC angular filter is further demonstrated to suppress the diffraction phenomenon in the far-field projection imaging. We envision that the proposed angular filter based on DPC has potential applications in lens-less imaging, privacy protection, and beam shaping.
Evaluation of three methods of static contact angle measurements for TiO2 nanofluid droplets during evaporation
Authors: Wciślik Sylwia , Mukherjee Sayantan
Published: June 2022

This article discusses the evaluation of three methods of static contact angle measurements of de-ionized (DI) water and TiO2 nanofluid droplets with three concentrations (0.5%, 1%, and 5%) that evaporate on the substrate of three different temperatures. To compare the discussed approximation methods, the differences between the results of the mean contact angles were identified; the highest standard deviation was recorded for the Young–Laplace and circle methods, such as for the nanofluid TiO2–DI with 1% at 50 °C, it is 3.21°, while the lowest value was obtained for TiO2–DI with 5% at Tenv, SD = 0.04°, by comparing the contact angle results using the ellipse and circle methods. Research shows that circular shape approximation is not to be excluded for contact angle determination in the angular range of 0°–75°.
Nuclear speckle integrity and function require TAO2 kinase
Authors: Gao Shengyan , Esparza Matthew , Dehghan Ishmael , Aksenova Vasilisa , Zhang Ke , Batten Kimberly , Ferretti Max B. , Begg Bridget E. , Cagatay Tolga , Shay Jerry W. , García-Sastre Adolfo , Goldsmith Elizabeth J. , Chen Zhijian J. , Dasso Mary , Lynch Kristen W. , Cobb Melanie H. , Fontoura Beatriz M. A.
Published: June 2022

Nuclear speckles are non–membrane-bound organelles known as storage sites for messenger RNA (mRNA) processing and splicing factors. More recently, nuclear speckles have also been implicated in splicing and export of a subset of mRNAs, including the influenza virus M mRNA that encodes proteins required for viral entry, trafficking, and budding. However, little is known about how nuclear speckles are assembled or regulated. Here, we uncovered a role for the cellular protein kinase TAO2 as a constituent of nuclear speckles and as a factor required for the integrity of these nuclear bodies and for their functions in pre-mRNA splicing and trafficking. We found that a nuclear pool of TAO2 is localized at nuclear speckles and interacts with nuclear speckle factors involved in RNA splicing and nuclear export, including SRSF1 and Aly/Ref. Depletion of TAO2 or inhibition of its kinase activity disrupts nuclear speckle structure, decreasing the levels of several proteins involved in nuclear speckle assembly and splicing, including SC35 and SON. Consequently, splicing and nuclear export of influenza virus M mRNA were severely compromised and caused a disruption in the virus life cycle. In fact, low levels of TAO2 led to a decrease in viral protein levels and inhibited viral replication. Additionally, depletion or inhibition of TAO2 resulted in abnormal expression of a subset of mRNAs with key roles in viral replication and immunity. Together, these findings uncovered a function of TAO2 in nuclear speckle formation and function and revealed host requirements and vulnerabilities for influenza infection.
Clathrin: Bender or bystander?
Authors: Stachowiak Jeanne C.
Published: June 2022

Cell biologists have long debated the role of clathrin in curving membranes during endocytosis. New findings from Cail et al. (2022. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202109013) take an innovative approach to directly demonstrate the indispensable functions of both clathrin and its adaptor network in shaping endocytic vesicles.
Investigation of the antibacterial and biofilm inhibitory activities of Prangos acaulis (DC.) Bornm in nanoparticulated formulation
Authors: Nosrati Mokhtar , Ranjbar Reza
Published: June 2022

Here in, a chitosan-based nanoformulation of P.acaulis was evaluated for its antibacterial and antibiofilm inhibitory activities against some known food-borne bacteria. The FTIR, FE-SEM, DLS and zeta-potential analysis were performed for confirming loading process, morphological appearance, hydrodynamic diameter and surface charge of the nanoparticles respectively. The results confirmed that, the nanoparticles had semi-spherical shape with the mean hydrodynamic diameter and surface charge of 89.8 ± 5.8 nm and 10.78 ± 2.7 mv respectively. Furthermore, the FTIR analysis approved that the nanoparticles were successfully loaded with ethyl acetate fraction from P.acaulis. The antibacterial and biofilm inhibitory activities of the nanoformulated fraction were significantly increased against the tested Gram positive strains than free sample. The results also confirmed that the fraction release from the nanoparticles follows a sustained manner release after 30 h in a logarithmic pattern. Based on the obtained results, chitosan based nanoformulation of P. acaulis can be considered for more evaluations to serve as an alternative natural antibiotic.
Effect of corrosion on cavitation erosion behavior of HVOF sprayed cobalt-based coatings
Authors: Liu Ji , Chen Tongzhou , Yuan Chengqing , Bai Xiuqin
Published: June 2022

Cobalt-based coatings have been widely applied to provide guidance to cavitation erosion (CE) and corrosion resistance since the coatings possessing superior mechanical and anti-corrosion properties. In this study, we prepared cobalt-based alloy (Stellite 21) coating and WC-17Co coating on 1Cr18Ni9Ti by HVOF. The CE resistances were evaluated in deionized water and 3.5 wt% NaCl solution (NaCl solution), and the anti-corrosion properties were studied using polarization tests. Results show that the WC-17Co coating had superior CE resistance than cobalt-based alloy coating in deionized water because of superior microhardness and fracture toughness characteristics. The WC-17Co coating presented much loose corrosion products (W/Co-oxides) in NaCl solution, which prone to be removed by the mechanical effect of the CE and accelerated the coating damage. On the contrary, the compact Cr oxides formed on cobalt-based alloy coating surface in NaCl solution could seal the pores, preventing to formation of erosion pits, and mitigate the damage of CE. Therefore, the cobalt-based alloy coating exhibited the best CE resistance in NaCl solution and had the potential to prevent CE in seawater.
On the blow up of a non-local transport equation in compact manifolds
Authors: Alonso-Orán Diego , Martínez Ángel
Published: June 2022

In this note we show finite time blow-up for a class of non-local active scalar equations on compact Riemannian manifolds. The strategy we follow was introduced by Silvestre and Vicol [Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 368 (2016), pp. 6159–6188] to deal with the one dimensional Córdoba-Córdoba-Fontelos equation and might be regarded as an instance of De Giorgi’s method.
Torsion for CM elliptic curves defined over number fields of degree 2𝑝
Authors: Bourdon Abbey , Chaos Holly Paige
Published: June 2022

For a prime number

p
p

, we characterize the groups that may arise as torsion subgroups of an elliptic curve with complex multiplication defined over a number field of degree

2
p

2p

. In particular, our work shows that a classification in the strongest sense is tied to determining whether there exist infinitely many Sophie Germain primes.
935 HOWFIT EXERCISE PLAN: DIGITAL ANALYTICS FOLLOWING SOCIAL MEDIA CAMPAIGN
Authors: Hunsley M , Brown R , Young-Murphy L , Parry
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Pandemic-related inactivity has had a considerable impact on older people, with attendant adverse effects on falls, health and wellbeing. HowFit is an innovative fitness plan designed in response to this epidemic to encourage sedentary people to get fit in their own homes. A PR campaign including a 1.4 million household leaflet drop (to mitigate digital exclusion), regional radio and Facebook advertising was embarked upon. We sought to evaluate the effects of the social media campaign on engagement with the HowFit resources online (www.howfittoday.co.uk).

Method

Three data sources were used to quantify the impact of the campaign: Facebook, Google Analytics and HowFit website registration data.

Results

The Facebook advert was seen 604,691 times, by 166,270 people, with 12,129 visiting the website on a least one occasion; average 4.74 pages viewed per visit. Eighty-four per cent were female. This preponderance was mirrored strongly in the number of new, female website visitors and registrations (78.17% and 86.75% respectively). Google Analytics shows that 83.38% of new visitors to the HowFit website were aged under 65 years; 69.5% of new website registrations were aged 60 years and over.

Conclusion

The HowFit social media campaign was successful in reaching a large number of individuals and led directly to engagement with the HowFit website. There was a high proportion of younger viewers/users, though it is uncertain whether these were visiting for themselves or on behalf of older users, and a preponderance of female visitors. If extrapolated to the whole UK, a similar campaign could result in over 3,600,000 interactions with the HowFit publicity and 266,838 people visiting the website at least once. Further work is needed to establish actual exercise patterns and sustainability of the programme while ensuring digital exclusion does not compromise the ability of the target populations to benefit.
946 MULTIPLE ORGANISATIONAL FACTORS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH ADVERSE PATIENT OUTCOMES POST HIP FRACTURE IN HOSPITALS IN ENGLAND & WALES
Authors: Patel R , Judge A , Johansen A , Marques E M R , Barbosa E C , Griffin J , Bhimjiyani A , Bradshaw M , Whale K , Drew  , Gooberman-Hill R , Chesser T , Griffin X L , Javaid M K , Ben-Shlomo Y , Gregson C L
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Older adults who sustain a hip fracture require complex multidisciplinary care, which can challenge organisational structures within hospitals. Despite standards and guidelines, substantial variation remains in hip fracture care delivery across the UK. We aimed to determine which hospital-level organisational factors predict adverse patient outcomes in the post injury period.

Method

A cohort of 178,757 patients aged 60+ years in England and Wales (2016–19) who sustained a hip fracture was examined. Patient-level Hospital Episodes Statistics, National Hip Fracture Database, and mortality data were linked to metrics from 18 hospital-level organisational audits/reports/series. Multilevel models determined the organisational factors, independent of patient case-mix, associated with three patient outcomes: length of hospital stay (LOS), 30-day all-cause mortality, and emergency 30-day readmission.

Results

Overall LOS was mean 21 days (standard deviation, 20); 13,126 (7.3%) died within 30-days; and 25,239 (15.3%) were readmitted. 25 organisational factors independently predicted LOS: for example, a hospital’s ability to promptly mobilise ≥90% of patients was associated with a 2-day (95%CI:1.3–2.7) shorter LOS, and hospitals where all patients received orthogeriatric assessment within 72 hours of admission had mean 1.5-day (95%CI:0.6–2.3) shorter LOS. Ten organisational factors independently predicted 30-day mortality: providing prompt surgery (≤36 hours from admission) to >80% patients was associated with the same 10% reduction in mortality (95%CI:4–15%), as was discussion of ‘patient experience’ feedback at clinical governance meetings (95%CI:5–15%). Nine organisational factors independently predicted readmission: knowledge of time from discharge to start of community therapy was associated with 17% (95%CI:9–24%) lower readmission rates. Organisational delivery of clinical governance, surgery, and physiotherapy were associated with all outcomes.

Conclusion

Multiple, potentially modifiable, organisational factors are associated with important patient outcomes post-hip fracture. These factors, if causal, indicate auditable components of hospital care where interventions can be targeted to reduce variability in hip fracture care delivery, to improve patient outcomes.
924 EXPERIENCES OF HEALTH SERVICE USE FOR PEOPLE LIVING WITH PARKINSON’S DISEASE: A NATIONAL SURVEY
Authors: O' Shea E , Rukundo A , Timmons S
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Despite the growing prevalence of Parkinson’s disease (PD), and the need to plan for future health service provision, very little is known in the Irish context about PD patients’ experiences of health service access and use.

Method

A cross-sectional survey design, with multiple formats, i.e. online, pen-and-paper, and telephone. Data were collected from May 2020–July 2021 using a multipronged recruitment strategy. It could be completed by a person with PD, or a support person on behalf of/with the person. Survey development was informed through literature review, and in consultation with the Parkinson’s Association of Ireland, and a patient advisory group (N = 10).

Results

A total of 1,504 individuals accessed the survey, with 1,402 meeting the eligibility criteria. Over half (53%) were male. Approx. 9% were diagnosed with young-onset PD. A minority (6%) reported attending only their GP to manage their PD, with the rest attending a specialist outpatient clinic. The mean distance travelled each-way to outpatient clinics was 45.6 km (SD = 49.4, min 1 km, max. 300kms). Most were diagnosed by Neurologists (84%), followed by GPs (8%), and Geriatricians (7%); 1% indicated ‘other’. Of those diagnosed by a Neurologist or Geriatrician, most were diagnosed privately (68%); though 37% of these patients subsequently switched to the public system for ongoing management. The majority (97%) reported currently taking PD medications, but just 52% believed these were working effectively. Just over one-fifth (22%) had access to a PD nurse specialist. Access to the range of other health and social care professionals is also reported, and is universally poor for this patient group.

Conclusion

A number of significant gaps in PD care have been identified, which require urgent attention. A reconfigured model of PD care is necessary to accommodate the growing need for specialist, integrated care at the population level.