bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can a Successful Outcome After Surgery for Lumbar Disc Herniation Be Defined by the Oswestry Disability Index Raw Score?
Authors: Werner David A. T. , Grotle Margreth , Gulati Sasha , Austevoll Ivar M. , Madsbu Mattis A. , Lønne Greger , Solberg Tore K.
Published: June 2019

Study Design:

Prospective multicenter cohort study.

Objective:

To investigate (1) the discriminative ability and cutoff estimates for success 12 months after surgery for lumbar disc herniation on the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) raw score compared with a change and a percentage change score and (2) to what extent these clinical outcomes depend on the baseline disability.

Methods:

A total of 6840 patients operated for lumbar disc herniation from the Norwegian Registry for Spine Surgery (NORspine) were included. In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses, a global perceived effect (GPE) scale (1-7) was used an external anchor. Success was defined as categories 1-2, “completely recovered” and “much better.” Cutoffs for success for subgroups with different preoperative disability were also estimated.

Results:

When defining success after surgery for lumbar disc herniation, the accuracy (sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve, 95% CI) for the ODI raw score (0.83, 0.87, 0.930, 0.924-0.937) was comparable to the ODI percentage change score (0.85, 0.85, 0.925, 0.918-0.931), and higher than the ODI change score (0.79, 0.73, 0.838, 0.830-0.852). The cutoff for success was highly dependent on the amount of baseline disability (low-high), with cutoffs ranging from 13 to 28 for the ODI raw score and 39% to 66% for ODI percentage change. The ODI change score (points) was not as accurate.

Conclusion:

The 12-month ODI raw score, like the ODI percentage change score, can define a successful outcome with excellent accuracy. Adjustment for the baseline ODI score should be performed when comparing outcomes across groups, and one should consider using cutoffs according to preoperative disability (low, medium, high ODI scores).
Energetic and Informational Components of Speech-on-Speech Masking in Binaural Speech Intelligibility and Perceived Listening Effort
Authors: Rennies Jan , Best Virginia , Roverud Elin , Kidd Gerald
Published: June 2019

Speech perception in complex sound fields can greatly benefit from different unmasking cues to segregate the target from interfering voices. This study investigated the role of three unmasking cues (spatial separation, gender differences, and masker time reversal) on speech intelligibility and perceived listening effort in normal-hearing listeners. Speech intelligibility and categorically scaled listening effort were measured for a female target talker masked by two competing talkers with no unmasking cues or one to three unmasking cues. In addition to natural stimuli, all measurements were also conducted with glimpsed speech—which was created by removing the time–frequency tiles of the speech mixture in which the maskers dominated the mixture—to estimate the relative amounts of informational and energetic masking as well as the effort associated with source segregation. The results showed that all unmasking cues as well as glimpsing improved intelligibility and reduced listening effort and that providing more than one cue was beneficial in overcoming informational masking. The reduction in listening effort due to glimpsing corresponded to increases in signal-to-noise ratio of 8 to 18 dB, indicating that a significant amount of listening effort was devoted to segregating the target from the maskers. Furthermore, the benefit in listening effort for all unmasking cues extended well into the range of positive signal-to-noise ratios at which speech intelligibility was at ceiling, suggesting that listening effort is a useful tool for evaluating speech-on-speech masking conditions at typical conversational levels.
Undiagnosed Ocular Syphilis Treated With Immunosuppressive Therapy
Authors: Patel Palak R. , Pittner Andrew C. , Merrill Pauline T.
Published: June 2019

Purpose:

The purpose of this case series is to illustrate the importance of diagnosis and treatment of infectious uveitis and to suggest syphilis screening guidelines before the initiation of immunosuppressive therapy.

Method:

A retrospective case series (2016-2018) from a Chicago-area academic retina practice was conducted. Primary outcomes include ocular syphilis response to discontinuation of immunomodulatory agents and initiation of penicillin treatment as assessed by improvement of visual acuity and ocular inflammation.

Results:

Three patients with ocular syphilis in the setting of immunosuppressive therapy are presented. Two cases were identified of misdiagnosed ocular syphilis in patients initially treated with immunosuppressive therapy including adalimumab for their uveitis. A third case of ocular syphilis in a patient being treated with infliximab for ankylosing spondylitis is also presented. Once laboratory testing confirmed the presence of syphilis, immunosuppressive therapies were immediately stopped; signs of inflammation and visual acuity improved with adequate treatment for neurosyphilis including intravenous penicillin.

Conclusions:

Ocular syphilis may present in a variety of ways and cannot be ruled out without appropriate testing. Syphilitic uveitis should be on the differential of any patient presenting with ocular inflammation and screened for accordingly. It is particularly critical that syphilis be screened for before starting immunosuppressive treatment for uveitis to minimize the risk of long-term ocular damage from a treatable infectious uveitis. These cases convey the importance of establishing guidelines around screening for syphilis prior to starting immunosuppressive treatment for uveitis.
Progress in psychoradiology, the clinical application of psychiatric neuroimaging
Authors: Huang Xiaoqi , Gong Qiyong , Sweeney John A. , Biswal Bharat B.
Published: June 2019

﻿Psychoradiology is an emerging field that applies radiological imaging technologies to psychiatric conditions. In the past three decades, brain imaging techniques have rapidly advanced understanding of illness and treatment effects in psychiatry. Based on these advances, radiologists have become increasingly interested in applying these advances for differential diagnosis and individualized patient care selection for common psychiatric illnesses. This shift from research to clinical practice represents the beginning evolution of psychoradiology. In this review, we provide a summary of recent progress relevant to this field based on their clinical functions, namely the (1) classification and subtyping; (2) prediction and monitoring of treatment outcomes; and (3) treatment selection. In addition, we provide guidelines for the practice of psychoradiology in clinical settings and suggestions for future research to validate broader clinical applications. Given the high prevalence of psychiatric disorders and the importance of increased participation of radiologists in this field, a guide regarding advances in this field and a description of relevant clinical work flow patterns help radiologists contribute to this fast-evolving field.
New insights into minor splicing—a transcriptomic analysis of cells derived from TALS patients
Authors: Cologne Audric , Benoit-Pilven Clara , Besson Alicia , Putoux Audrey , Campan-Fournier Amandine , Bober Michael B. , De Die-Smulders Christine E.M. , Paulussen Aimee D.C. , Pinson Lucile , Toutain Annick , Roifman Chaim M. , Leutenegger Anne-Louise , Mazoyer Sylvie , Edery Patrick , Lacroix Vincent
Published: June 2019

Minor intron splicing plays a central role in human embryonic development and survival. Indeed, biallelic mutations in RNU4ATAC, transcribed into the minor spliceosomal U4atac snRNA, are responsible for three rare autosomal recessive multimalformation disorders named Taybi–Linder (TALS/MOPD1), Roifman (RFMN), and Lowry–Wood (LWS) syndromes, which associate numerous overlapping signs of varying severity. Although RNA-seq experiments have been conducted on a few RFMN patient cells, none have been performed in TALS, and more generally no in-depth transcriptomic analysis of the ∼700 human genes containing a minor (U12-type) intron had been published as yet. We thus sequenced RNA from cells derived from five skin, three amniotic fluid, and one blood biosamples obtained from seven unrelated TALS cases and from age- and sex-matched controls. This allowed us to describe for the first time the mRNA expression and splicing profile of genes containing U12-type introns, in the context of a functional minor spliceosome. Concerning RNU4ATAC-mutated patients, we show that as expected, they display distinct U12-type intron splicing profiles compared to controls, but that rather unexpectedly mRNA expression levels are mostly unchanged. Furthermore, although U12-type intron missplicing concerns most of the expressed U12 genes, the level of U12-type intron retention is surprisingly low in fibroblasts and amniocytes, and much more pronounced in blood cells. Interestingly, we found several occurrences of introns that can be spliced using either U2, U12, or a combination of both types of splice site consensus sequences, with a shift towards splicing using preferentially U2 sites in TALS patients’ cells compared to controls.
Wood-decaying fungi found in Ghana: A rich source of new anti-infective compounds
Authors: Aboagye Samuel Yaw , Amarh Vincent , Lartey Paul A. , Arthur Patrick Kobina
Published: June 2019

Background: Discovery of bioactive natural products are instrumental for development of novel antibiotics. The discovery and development of natural products such as penicillin represented a major milestone in the treatment of bacterial infections. Currently, many antibiotics have lost their relevance in clinics due to the emergence of drug-resistant microbial pathogens. Hence, there is the need for continuous search of new compounds endowed with potent antimicrobial activity.

Methods: In this study, wood-decaying fungi (WDF) from Ghana were explored for their potential as sources of novel antimicrobial compounds with intent of expanding the effort into a drug discovery programme in the near future. Extracts from cultures of 54 morphologically distinct WDF isolates were analyzed for the presence of antimicrobial agents.

Results: The extracts from 40 out of the 54 WDF isolates exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against either Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli or Candida albicans. Fractionation of these bioactive extracts, followed by bioassay of the organic fractions obtained, indicate that extracts exhibiting antimicrobial activity against more than one of the three test organisms could be attributed to the presence of different bioactive compounds. Analysis of the composition of the extracts revealed that terpenes were predominant.

Conclusions: This study suggests that a significant proportion of WDF in Ghana produce antimicrobial compounds which could be potential sources of novel anti-infective agents and support the plans of developing a drug discovery programme in Ghana based on the fermentation of WDF.
Detection and mitigation of spurious antisense expression with RoSA
Authors: Mourão Kira , Schurch Nicholas J. , Lucoszek Radek , Froussios Kimon , MacKinnon Katarzyna , Duc Céline , Simpson Gordon , Barton Geoffrey J.
Published: June 2019

Antisense transcription is known to have a range of impacts on sense gene expression, including (but not limited to) impeding transcription initiation, disrupting post-transcriptional processes, and enhancing, slowing, or even preventing transcription of the sense gene. Strand-specific RNA-Seq protocols preserve the strand information of the original RNA in the data, and so can be used to identify where antisense transcription may be implicated in regulating gene expression. However, our analysis of 199 strand-specific RNA-Seq experiments reveals that spurious antisense reads are often present in these datasets at levels greater than 1% of sense gene expression levels. Furthermore, these levels can vary substantially even between replicates in the same experiment, potentially disrupting any downstream analysis, if the incorrectly assigned antisense counts dominate the set of genes with high antisense transcription levels. Currently, no tools exist to detect or correct for this spurious antisense signal. Our tool, RoSA (Removal of Spurious Antisense), detects the presence of high levels of spurious antisense read alignments in strand-specific RNA-Seq datasets. It uses incorrectly spliced reads on the antisense strand and/or ERCC spikeins (if present in the data) to calculate both global and gene-specific antisense correction factors. We demonstrate the utility of our tool to filter out spurious antisense transcript counts in an Arabidopsis thaliana RNA-Seq experiment.

Availability: RoSA is open source software available under the GPL licence via the Barton Group GitHub page https://github.com/bartongroup.
Drug use among agriculture-related workers in Thailand
Authors: Janma Narumon , Kanato Manop , Leyatikul Poonrut
Published: June 2019

Objectives: To examine drug use prevalence and to explore the associations of cluster environment characteristics with drug use among agriculture-related workers in Thailand.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 2936 agriculture-related workers from 10 clusters in 4 regions throughout Thailand. Trained interviewers conducted semi-structured interviews. Additionally, the drug-use patterns and behaviors of 124 current users were structurally observed. A multilevel binary logistic regression model was used to estimate the effects of the cluster environment on drug use.

Results: The annual prevalence was 58.73%. Illicit drugs, non-prescription drugs, or over the counter medicines were widely used. Age, sex, and non-prescription behavior were associated with substance use that was statistically significant. Contextual clustering was found to significantly affect drug use among agriculture-related workers. A 1-unit increase in treatment rate predicted 12.7-times higher illicit drug use and 15.3-times higher methamphetamine use.

Conclusions: Agricultural work facilitated the spread of drug use The design of the surveillance system should be considered.
Playing together: self-education
Authors: Бутусова Татьяна , Butusova Tatyana
Published: June 2019

The manual presents a system of games with rules that contribute to the formation of positive ways of interaction in children in a group of children and independent forms of play.
This is the result of years of research and practical experience working with children with developmental problems.
The appearance of these achievements in a child contributes to the formation in children of independent skills in other types of children's activities (art, educational, labor).
Redes de ódio: A homofobia no Facebook
Authors: Silva Lawerton Braga da , Aléssio Renata Lira dos Santos
Published: June 2019

A homofobia é um fenômeno relevante que está presente nas relações sociais, por meio de crenças, emoções, ideologias e posicionamentos. Este artigo analisou as diferentes formas de expressões da homofobia a partir de uma postagem no Facebook da página "Quebrando o Tabu" à luz da teoria das representações sociais. As relações intergrupais, presentes no coração da teoria, se constituíram como processos norteadores das discussões. A partir de um vídeo a respeito da homossexualidade foram selecionados 1.592 comentários. Os dados foram analisados pelo software IRAMUTEQ por meio de uma classificação hierárquica descendente que resultou em quatro classes de discursos. A Classe 1 (40%), denominada, "Respeito"; a Classe 2 (22.1%), "Debate político-ideológico"; a Classe 3 (12.9%), "Influência da homossexualidade para as crianças" e; por fim, a Classe 4 (25%), denominada de "Acusação aos homossexuais de deturpação da igreja". Os resultados evidenciaram em todas as classes a existência de conflitos entre grupos; diferenças entre as expressões homofóbicas; um discurso que justificava os posicionamentos por meio dos valores igualitário, além de evidenciar que as expressões contra homossexuais estavam ancoradas em três explicações, a saber, bio-religiosas, ético-morais e psicossociais.
Sociocultural factors associated with the development of postnatal anxiety symptoms
Authors: Mohammad Khitam , Al-Farajat Eqbal , Creedy Debra , Gamble Jenny
Published: June 2019

Background

Postnatal anxiety is relatively common when transitioning to parenthood; however, there are relatively few studies assessing postnatal anxiety in Middle Eastern women.

Aim

To identify the prevalence of postnatal anxiety among Jordanian women and associated sociocultural factors.

Method

A descriptive cross-sectional design was used with 324 women. Participants completed the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS) and Maternity Social Support Scale at 6-8 weeks postpartum in addition to a sociodemographic data form.

Findings

Some 45.4% of women scored above ‘mild’ on the DASS scale. Postnatal anxiety was significantly associated with low levels of support, giving birth to a female baby, financial difficulties, and having four or more children. Findings revealed a high level of postnatal anxiety among Jordanian women.

Conclusion

There is a need for routine assessment, ongoing support, counselling and emotional care, which are important to enhance maternal satisfaction and psychological wellbeing.
Jubail Industrial College (JIC) Educational Quality Assurance and Management Procedures: Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Department as an Example
Authors: Elzagheid Mohamed Ibrahim
Published: June 2019

The main goal of this paper is to briefly describe the educational quality assurance procedures of Jubail Industrial College and share its experience with other local and international institutions that are potentially interested in implementing similar quality assurance procedures in their various departments. This paper follows a document and descriptive method. Document analysis qualitative approach was opted. In essence, implementing quality assurance procedures within any educational institution ensures quality education and helps to maintain an organized structure. Internal quality assurance policies and practices guarantee that the quality of education in an academic institution is consistently monitored. This paper can be utilized by both academic planners and quality assurance personnel in academic institutions. The quality assurance procedures described in this paper are used to ensure the quality of education specific to the Jubail Industrial College; however, it can be applied in other academic institutions as well.
La brecha de género en la academia universitaria: inequidad de oportunidades de participación, capacitación y promoción
Authors: Martínez Ruiz María Ángeles , Merma-Molina Gladys , Ávalos Ramos María Alejandra
Published: June 2019

Diferentes investigaciones muestran que el incremento cuantitativo de la presencia de la mujer en la universidad puede convertirse en una densa cortina de humo que impide distinguir las micropolíticas de dominación patriarcal. El objetivo de este estudio es desentrañar los mecanismos encubiertos de discriminación que vivencian las mujeres en la universidad. Los resultados muestran que persiste el efecto tijera en las universidades españolas, donde a pesar de acceder más mujeres que hombres a la universidad, ellas descienden abruptamente en las plazas de personal investigador o de catedráticos. La falta de participación se ve agravada por otros sesgos, como el sexismo benevolente, relacionado con el acceso a los espacios de poder. Nuestra propuesta a esta problemática se basa en la necesidad de mantener espacios de participación, sensibles a la diferencia, comunidades de aprendizaje laboral y de práctica profesional que permitan a las académicas participar activamente en la universidad.
Pollen viability and stigma receptivity in Swainsona formosa (G.Don) J.Thompson (Fabaceae), an ornamental legume native to Australia
Authors: Zulkarnain Zulkarnain , Eliyanti Eliyanti , Swari Elly Indra
Published: June 2019

Pollen viability and stigma receptivity are prerequisites for successful cross-pollination and seed set in Swainsona formosa. In this study, the pollen viabilities and stigma receptivities was assayed by in vitro pollen germination and simple hand-pollination method on glasshouse-grown plants, respectively. The viability of pollen grains was tested under three different storage conditions: 1) pollen grains were left on the plant in the glasshouse under natural conditions, 2) pollen grains were harvested and kept at a low temperature (4 o C) in total darkness, and 3) pollen grains were kept in a dry freezer (-10 o C) and in total darkness. Meanwhile, stigma receptivity was determined by hand-pollination using fresh pollen grains on flower of glasshouse-grown plants at one day before anther dehiscence up to 8 days after anther dehiscence. The results showed that pollen grains could be stored at 4 o C for up to 28 days without significantly losing their viability. Pollen longevity could be extended beyond two months when stored at -10 o C and under dry conditions. These findings provided a simple and economically sound method for storage of S. formosa pollen. In addition, stigma receptivity was found to be receptive from one day before anther dehiscence and reached its peak within four days after anther dehiscence. These results provide a valuable background to the conventional breeding of this species to create hybrids through cross-pollination
Physical Simulation and Processing Map of Aluminum 7068 Alloy
Authors: Raja Nitish , Daniel B. S. S.
Published: June 2019

Elevated temperature deformation of as-cast aluminum 7068 alloy was done to optimize its workability by physical simulation using Gleeble 3800. The microstructural evolution was traced using electron microscopy and electron back-scattered diffraction studies. Hot deformation involving uniaxial isothermal compression was done in the 300°C–475°C temperature range and 10−3–100 s−1 strain rate up to a true strain of 0.69. From the true stress–true strain plot it is observed that flow stress initially increases sharply because of the multiplication of dislocations during the initial phase of deformation; i.e., only work hardening is predominant during this phase. Subsequently, after attaining the peak value the flow stress increases, decreases, or remains constant. Because of dynamic restoration processes such as dynamic recovery and recrystallization, the flow stress decreases or remains constant. During this phase, the competition between work hardening and dynamic softening governs the slope of true stress–strain curve. The decrease in the Zener-Hollomon parameter with increasing temperature and decreasing strain rate follows the same trend as flow stress. Activation energy for this alloy is calculated as 206 kJ mol−1. The deformed microstructure shows serrated grains, and also well-formed subgrains are observed mostly inside the grains. Moreover, substructural strengthening is observed in this alloy, due to the presence of the high density of precipitates and subgrains. Microstructural analysis confirms the high power dissipation of the stable region may be mainly due to dynamic recovery. In the unstable region, flow instabilities may be due to adiabatic shear band formation, particle cracking, and debonding. The optimized working region is determined from the developed processing map.
Constitutive Analysis of Zr-1Nb Alloy for Different Phase Regions
Authors: Saxena K. K. , Chetan K. , Vaibhav K. , Mani Krishna K. V. , Pancholi V. , Jha S. K. , Srivastava D.
Published: June 2019

The hot deformation behavior of alloys that exhibit allotropy is expected to be dependent on phase/phase mixture present. Therefore, the development of a constitutive equation for finite element method (FEM) simulation of industrial hot deformation processes should consider the effect of phase/phase mixture on parameters of constitutive equation. Hot compression tests of Zr-1Nb alloy were carried out at temperatures covering single α–phase, single β–phase, and two-phase α+β, for a range of strain rates. The stress–strain data of hot compression test were corrected for adiabatic temperature rise (ATR) at a strain rate of 1 s−1 and above. Constitutive equations were developed based on phase(s) present. Developed constitutive equations were validated by experimental flow stress data and FEM simulation. FEM simulation confirmed that the phase-wise constitutive equation provides better simulation results of the industrial extrusion process. Furthermore, the ram force profile obtained from the simulation was similar to the ram force profile of the physical extrusion experiment. Thus, by using correct phase-wise constitutive parameters in FEM simulation, the ram force for industrial hot processes can be correctly predicted.
Apresentação Dossiê Sociedade, Ciência e Tecnologia
Authors: Premebida Adriano , Rodrigues Léo Peixoto , Neves Fabrício Monteiro
Published: June 2019

Apresentação Dossiê Sociedade, Ciência e Tecnologia
Inovação Tecnocientífica e as Responsabilidades de Cientistas e Cientistas Sociais
Authors: Lacey Hugh
Published: June 2019

Nas décadas recentes, aumentaram as pressões para dar prioridade à pesquisa que visa gerar inovações tecnocientíficas que prometam contribuir o fortalecimento do crescimento econômico. Neste artigo, pretendo explorar algumas ambiguidades científicas e éticas que têm origem nessas pressões, bem como seus impactos e, à luz das mesmas, algumas responsabilidades incorridas por cientistas e cientistas sociais. Primeiro, vou discutir alguns aspectos da tecnociência e sua relação com a tradição científica moderna. A partir desta discussão, vou fazer três propostas sobre as responsabilidades que cientistas incorrem coletivamente como profissionais em instituições de pesquisa e como membros de organizações científicas.2 Finalmente, indicarei como o exercício destas responsabilidades depende de contribuições das ciências sociais. Meu argumento detém-se no fato de que, geralmente, assuntos ligados à metodologia, às prioridades e resultados da pesquisa, e à ética estão imbricados nas atividades científicas, e que as responsabilidades éticas dos cientistas não podem ser separadas das suas responsabilidades para manter a integridade da ciência.
Apresentação Dossiê Questão Ambiental e Movimentos Socioambientais
Authors: Barcellos Sérgio Botton , Picolotto Everton Lazaretti
Published: June 2019

Os trabalhos deste dossiê apresentam diferentes perspectivas teórico-metodológicas em que aspectos sociais e científicos se entrecruzam no debate público. É com satisfação que publicamos esse conjunto de trabalhos e pesquisas na Revista Novos Rumos Sociológicos (NORUS) do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia (PPGS) da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), em seu quarto número.
AS QUESTÕES SOCIOAMBIENTAIS COMO UM CAMPO DE DISPUTAS SIMBÓLICAS: OS DEBATES SOBRE A CONSTRUÇÃO DA USINA HIDRELÉTRICA DE MAUÁ
Authors: Braz Rafael
Published: June 2019

Este artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar um modelo analítico para investigar os conflitos e as disputas socioambientais. Mais especificamente, pretende-se demonstrar como determinadas correntes teóricas mais gerais podem dialogar com determinadas questões socioambientais empíricas, especialmente aquelas nas quais os debates são muito recorrentes e as possibilidades de acordo, portanto, consideravelmente reduzidas. Esta proposta de compreensão das disputas socioambientais – por um viés singular – tem o objetivo de apresentar algumas vertentes teóricas que possam dialogar entre si; e, ao mesmo tempo, que se constitua como um padrão de observação coerente, distinto, e que permita abordar objetos de pesquisa extensos e relativamente conhecidos nas discussões sociológicas e ecológicas atuais: aqueles que envolvem as controvérsias socioambientais. Esta proposta de análise será denominada, aqui, como “campo de disputas simbólicas pelo conhecimento” e terá como fundamento básico o construtivismo social de John Hannigan e a sociologia do conhecimento de Pierre Bourdieu. Como exemplo de aplicação, utilizaremos esta metodologia perante um caso concreto: os fenômenos relacionados ao processo de construção e de operação de uma usina hidrelétrica.Palavras-chave: questões socioambientais; sociologia do conhecimento; políticas públicas.
A CIÊNCIA MODERNA E SUA CONSOLIDAÇÃO: É POSSÍVEL FALAR EM CRISE SOCIAL E EPISTEMOLÓGICA?
Authors: Coelho Gabriel Bandeira
Published: June 2019

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar as nodais características da Ciência Moderna, desde a sua emergência inclusive aquilo que tem sido cunhado como esgotamento e até mesmo “crise” da modernidade. Para tanto, destacamos aqueles que consideramos os proeminentes pensadores modernos, sobretudo René Descartes, cujo método cartesiano tem sido base epistemológica do conhecimento científico moderno. Ademais, mostramos aspectos sociais e teóricos que destacam o processo de consolidação da Ciência Moderna, principalmente no decorrer do século XIX, bem como elementos que nos ajudam a identificar possíveis sinais de falta de fôlego dos pressupostos modernos para explicar o mundo fenomênico contemporâneo. Palavras-chave: Interdisciplinariedade; Ciência; Disciplinariedade; Complexidade.
TÁTICAS E ESTRATÉGIAS PARA PENSAR O SISTEMA DE JUSTIÇA CRIMINAL NO PRESENTE: O QUE TEM O RAP COM ISSO?
Authors: De Freitas Fagundes Mari Cristina
Published: June 2019

Este trabalho, fruto de uma dissertação de mestrado, tem como premissa engendrar alguns questionamentos frente ao sistema jurídico contemporâneo, especialmente ao sistema de justiça criminal, a partir de entrevistas realizadas com compositores de Rap, na cidade de Pelotas/Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil. A pesquisa foi realizada no ano de 2014 e 2015, com compositores locais, sendo possível perceber a subdivisão do Rap em “gerações”, levando em consideração as abordagens que destacam em suas composições. Além disso, percebi nas entrevistas a incessante crítica ao sistema jurídico e as prévias rotulações existentes pelos agentes estatais àqueles considerados “anormais”. Assim, discuti as subjetivações e subjetividades construídas pelo Rap local e pelo sistema de justiça criminal, e como elas reverberam nas verdades produzidas e reproduzidas socialmente. Para alicerçar-me teoricamente, baseei-me em algumas produções de Michel Foucault, em autores da sociologia da violência, juristas e em estudos que dedicam atenção ao Rap.Palavras-chave: Rap pelotense; Sistema jurídico; Pesquisa de campo; Discurso; Sujeição criminal.
PERTENCIMENTOS, FRONTEIRAS E INTERSECÇÕES: PROCESSOS DE IDENTIFICAÇÃO EM SÃO LOURENÇO DO SUL, RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Pinheiro Patrícia Dos Santos
Published: June 2019

Diante de um contexto em que a possibilidade de participar de processos de reivindicação identitária e a busca de direitos sociais dentro da categoria de remanescentes de comunidade de quilombo passou a fazer parte do cotidiano de muitas comunidades negras do Brasil nas últimas décadas, neste artigo serão abordados elementos da configuração interétnica dinâmica de São Lourenço do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, local que se destaca pela a presença de diferentes grupos étnicos, debatida aqui por algumas das estratégias de inserção das comunidades negras em suas relações de trabalho. Nesse trabalho, que faz parte de pesquisa de doutorado finalizada em 2015, foram utilizados métodos etnográficos. Em suas diversas facetas e renovações, esse artigo procura explorar continuidades e rupturas nessa configuração, incluindo a imbricada rede de relações entre grupos sociais que vai muito além de qualquer fronteira.  Palavras-Chave: Etnicidade; Remanescentes de comunidades de quilombos; Identidade étnica.
La negritud más allá del color: usos, significados y apropiaciones de la categoría afrodescendiente en la Argentina
Authors: Ocoro Loango Anny
Published: June 2019

El presente artículo examina los usos e implicancias políticas de la categoría afrodescendiente en la Argentina, así como algunas clasificaciones raciales generadas en este contexto. Se propone así, analizar los significados y apropiaciones que ha adquirido esta adscripción identitaria y las formas de racialización que coexisten por fuera del espacio político y académico que ha ganado la “afrodescendencia”. Finalmente argumenta que en la Argentina existe un proceso de negramiento que opera como factor de inclusión cultural, mediante la formación de identidades constituidas a partir de una clasificación racial por fenotipo y por ascendencia e inclusión en la cultura africana.Palabras clave: Afrodescendientes en la Argentina; Negramiento; Inclusión cultural; Clasificaciones raciales.
O estabelecimento dos demarcadores de identidade e diferenças a partir das redes sociais no caso do polo naval de Rio Grande-RS
Authors: Marchioro Pedro
Published: June 2019

Esse artigo é resultado de uma investigação dos processos de construção da figura do “baiano” na região de Rio Grande-RS. Com a instalação do Polo Naval, um número expressivo de trabalhadores migrantes apareceram na cidade devido aos postos de trabalho que o Polo ofereceu. Do encontro entre riograndinos com esses trabalhadores emergiu a figura do "baiano". Reconstruindo o processo em que esta figura se erigiu, percebia-se que o “baiano” poderia ser tanto alguém nascido no estado da Bahia, quanto em Pernambuco, no Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo ou Minas Gerais, de modo que a designação não obedecia a um recorte geográfico, racial ou de classe.  A figura do “baiano” é resultado de operações de síntese dos "estrangeiros" que advieram a Rio Grande que busca posicionar o “outro” e manter a posição do nativo. Assim, a configuração onde atua o signo “baiano” está apoiada em uma lógica que sugere um incômodo subjetivo do nativo frente a certos traços comportamentais do "estrangeiro" que rompem com as expectativas normativas presentes em cada contexto; o sentimento de ameaça frente a culturas que instabilizam a distribuição de recursos matérias e simbólicos que já existiam ou que advieram com a instalação do Polo Naval; a uma diferença no grau de apropriação e incorporação dos significados que  regulam as regras e infrações dos espaços de comportamentos; e  um quadro de desequilíbrio na organização e coesão dos grupos que participam e atualizam os sentidos estes espaços.Palavras-Chave: Identidade; Migrações;  Trabalhadores; Rio Grande/RS.
TRAS LAS PISTAS DE LAS TRANSFORMACIONES DEL TRABAJO Y LA PROTESTA EN AMERICA LATINA: DOS CASOS DE ACCIÓN COLECTIVA EN MÉXICO
Authors: Lisdero Pedro
Published: June 2019

Resenha da obra: MONTARCÉ, Inés. Trabajo y Acción Colectiva en la maquila informacional de los Call Centers. Ciudad de México: Ediciones del Lirio / Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, 2016, 299 p.
Contribution of FEF to Attentional Periodicity during Visual Search: A TMS Study
Authors: Dugué Laura , Beck Alexy-Assaf , Marque Philippe , VanRullen Rufin
Published: June 2019

Visual search, looking for a target embedded among distractors, has long been used to study attention. Current theories postulate a two-stage process in which early visual areas perform feature extraction, whereas higher-order regions perform attentional selection. Such a model implies iterative communication between low- and high-level regions to sequentially select candidate targets in the array, focus attention on these elements, and eventually permit target recognition. This leads to two independent predictions: (1) high-level, attentional regions and (2) early visual regions should both be involved periodically during the search. Here, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) applied over the frontal eye field (FEF) in humans, known to be involved in attentional selection, at various delays while observers performed a difficult, attentional search task. We observed a periodic pattern of interference at ∼6 Hz (theta) suggesting that the FEF is periodically involved during this difficult search task. We further compared this result with two previous studies (Dugué et al., 2011, 2015a) in which a similar TMS procedure was applied over the early visual cortex (V1) while observers performed the same task. This analysis revealed the same pattern of interference, i.e., V1 is periodically involved during this difficult search task, at the theta frequency. Past V1 evidence reappraised for this paper, together with our current FEF results, confirm both of our independent predictions, and suggest that difficult search is supported by low- and high-level regions, each involved periodically at the theta frequency.
Variations in the abundance and distribution of aggregates in the Ross Sea, Antarctica
Authors: Asper Vernon L. , Smith Walker O.
Published: June 2019

The vertical distribution and temporal changes in aggregate abundance and sizes were measured in the Ross Sea, Antarctica between 2002 and 2005 to acquire a more complete understanding of the mechanisms and rates of carbon export from the euphotic layer. Aggregate abundance was determined by photographic techniques, and water column parameters (temperature, salinity, fluorescence, transmissometry) were assessed from CTD profiles. During the first three years the numbers of aggregates increased seasonally, being much more abundant within the upper 200 m in late summer than in early summer from 50 to 100 m (12.5 L–1 in early summer vs. 42.9 L–1 in late summer). In Year 4 aggregate numbers were substantially greater than in other years, and average aggregate abundance was maximal in early rather than late summer (177 vs. 84.5 L–1), which we attributed to the maximum biomass and aggregate formation being reached earlier than in other years. The contribution of aggregate particulate organic carbon to the total particulate carbon pool was estimated to be 20%. Ghost colonies, collapsed colonies of the haptophyte Phaeocystis antarctica, were observed during late summer in Year 4, with maximum numbers in the upper 100 m of ca. 40 L–1. Aggregate abundance, particulate organic carbon and ghost colonies all decreased exponentially with depth, and the rate of ghost colony disappearance suggested that their contribution to sedimentary input was small at the time of sampling. Bottom nepheloid layers were commonly observed in late summer in both transmissometer and aggregate data. Late summer nepheloid layers had fluorescent material within them, suggesting that the particles were likely generated during the same growing season. Longer studies encompassing the entire production season would be useful in further elucidating the role of these aggregates in the carbon cycle of these regions.
The relationship between perceived stress and problematic social networking site use among Chinese college students
Authors: Hou Xiang-Ling , Wang Hai-Zhen , Hu Tian-Qiang , Gentile Douglas A. , Gaskin James , Wang Jin-Liang
Published: June 2019

Background and aims

Perceived stress has been regarded as a risk factor for problematic social networking site (SNS) use, yet little is known about the underlying processes whereby confounding variables may mediate or moderate this relationship. To answer this question, this study examined whether depression and anxiety mediated the relationship between perceived stress and problematic SNS use, and whether these mediating processes were moderated by psychological resilience and social support.

Methods

Participants were 641 Chinese college students who completed anonymous questionnaires measuring perceived stress, depression/anxiety, psychological resilience, social support, and problematic SNS use.

Results

The results showed that (a) depression/anxiety mediated the relationship between perceived stress and problematic SNS use; (b) the mediating effects of depression/anxiety on the association between perceived stress and problematic SNS use were moderated by psychological resilience. Specifically, the mediating effects of depression/anxiety were stronger for individuals with lower levels of psychological resilience, compared with those with higher levels of psychological resilience; and (c) the mediating effects of depression/anxiety were not moderated by social support, although social support was negatively related to depression/anxiety.

Discussion and conclusion

This study can contribute to a better understanding of how and when perceived stress increases the risk of problematic SNS use, and implies the importance of enhancing psychological resilience in preventing problematic SNS use.
The interplay between chasing behavior, time perspective, and gambling severity: An experimental study
Authors: Ciccarelli Maria , Cosenza Marina , Griffiths Mark D. , D’Olimpio Francesca , Nigro Giovanna
Published: June 2019

Background and aims

Chasing refers to continued gambling in an attempt to recoup previous losses and is one of the diagnostic criteria for gambling disorder. However, research on the topic is still in its infancy. This study investigated whether chasing behavior mediates the relationship between time perspective and gambling severity.

Methods

Non-problem gamblers (N = 26) and problem gamblers (N = 66) with the same demographic features (age and gender) were compared on the Consideration of Future Consequences and a computerized task assessing chasing. The Italian South Oaks Gambling Screen was used to discriminate participants in terms of gambling severity.

Results

Significant correlations were found relating to gambling severity, chasing, and time perspective. More specifically, the results showed that problem gamblers reported more chasing and a foreshortened time horizon. Chasers, compared to non-chasers, were found to be more oriented to the present. Regression analysis showed that male gender, present-oriented time perspective, and chasing were good predictors of gambling severity. Finally, to clarify if present orientation was on the path from chasing to gambling severity or if chasing was the mediator of the impact of present orientation on gambling severity, a path analysis was performed. The results indicated that present orientation had a direct effect on gambling severity and mediated the relationship between chasing and gambling involvement.

Conclusion

The findings support the exacerbating role of chasing in gambling disorder and for the first time show the relationship of time perspective, chasing, and gambling severity among adults.
New records of the invasive mollusk Melanoides tuberculata (Müller, 1774) (Gastropoda, Thiaridae) in the Brazilian Northeast
Authors: Silva Edson Lourenço da , Leal Manuella Feitosa , dos Santos Orianna , da Rocha Adriana Josefa , Pacheco Ana Carolina Landim , Gimenez Pinheiro Tamaris
Published: June 2019

Melanoides tuberculata (Müller, 1774) was recorded during field surveys of the malacofauna of Território Vale do Guaribas in Piauí state, northeastern Brazil. Individuals were observed every month (June 2017–September 2018) in both lotic and lentic habitats. Considering that M. tuberculata has high reproductive and adaptative capacities besides being an intermediate host of digenetic trematodes, this invasive species is expected to be a threat to native biodiversity. Furthermore, it may become a serious environmental problem considering the multiple uses of the water bodies where it lives.
Magnetography: A novel Characterization Tool for Li-Ion-Batteries
Authors: Bergholz Timm , Nuñez Theodor , Wackerl Jürgen , Korte Carsten , Stolten Detlef
Published: June 2019

The application of magnetography as a novel method to determine the state of charge (SoC) of commercial Li-ion Batteries is reported. The method is non-invasive and nondestructive and suitable to be applied during normal operation. It is based on spatially resolved measurement of the magnetic field B, induced by the changing current flow during cycling. A standardized measurement setup and procedure for conventional AMR-sensors has been developed, offering high reproducibility (∼0.1%) and the chance to characterize the different spatial components of the magnetic field (Bx, By, Bz). The percentage deviation of the B-distributions for different SoCs for a given current load reveals significant differences. A change of B of up to 20% between SoCs of 90% and 10% is found. The influence of current density at different SoC reveals a constant magnetic susceptibility χ at low SoC and a field dependent χ at high SoC. Both effects are attributed to the change of the magnetic properties upon varying the amount of intercalated lithium in the transition metal (LixNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2) based intercalation cathode. The method can be used to provide an additional parameter for SoCestimation to battery management systems.
High Resolution Mapping of Cytoskeletal Dynamics in Neurons via Combined Atomic Force Microscopy and Fluorescence Microscopy
Authors: Spedden Elise , Kaplan David L. , Staii Cristian
Published: June 2019

Living neuronal cells present active mechanical structures which evolve with cellular growth and changes in the cell microenvironment. Detailed knowledge of various mechanical parameters such as cell stiffness or adhesion forces and traction stresses generated during axonal extension is essential for understanding the mechanisms that control neuronal growth, development and repair. Here we present a combined Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)/Fluorescence Microscopy approach for obtaining systematic, high-resolution elasticity and fluorescent maps for live neuronal cells. This approach allows us to simultaneously image and apply controllable forces to neurons, and also to monitor the real time dynamics of the cell cytoskeleton. We measure how the stiffness of neurons changes both during axonal growth and upon chemical modification of the cell, and identify the cytoskeletal components most responsible for the changes in cellular elasticity. This is accomplished by identifying cellular components with unique elastic signatures, and tracking those components over time within healthy cells or within cells treated to disrupt selective components.
Structural Evolution of Nickel Doped Zinc Oxide Nanostructures
Authors: Goswami Navendu , Sahai Anshuman
Published: June 2019

In this article, structural evolution in nickel doped zinc oxide nanostructures is reported. The ZnO nanostructures are synthesized with 1-10% of Ni doping adopting a chemical precipitation method. The undoped and doped nanostructures thus prepared, were systematically investigated employing X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM/SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and micro-Raman spectroscopy (μRS). The identification of wurtzite phase and determination of lattice parameters of Ni doped ZnO nanocrystallites is ascertained through XRD analysis. TEM/SEM images reveal the structural alteration of ZnO with variation of Ni doping concentrations. The study of vibrational modes of nanostructures at different stages of structural transformation, as performed through FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, assist in deciphering the crucial role of Ni doping concentration in gradual evolution of nickel doped ZnO structure from nanoparticles to nanorods.
Partially-Filled Skutterudites: Optimizing the Thermoelectric Properties
Authors: Nolas G.S. , Kaeser M. , Littleton R.T. , Tritt T.M. , Sellinschegg H. , Johnson D.C. , Nelson E.
Published: June 2019

The skutterudite family of compounds continues to be of interest for thermoelectric applications due to the low thermal conductivity obtained when filling the voids with small diameter, large mass interstitials such as trivalent rare-earth ions. In the last few years there has been a substantial experimental and theoretical effort in attempting to understand the transport properties of these compounds in order to optimize their thermoelectric properties. One such approach involves partially-filling the voids in attempting to optimize the power factor while maintaining low thermal conductivity. In this report experimental research on skutterudites with the voids partially filled with heavy mass lanthanide and alkaline-earth ions is reported.