bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Taxonomic revision of the genus Benthana Budde-Lund, 1908 (Isopoda: Oniscidea: Philosciidae)
Authors: CAMPOS-FILHO IVANKLIN SOARES , TAITI STEFANO , ARAUJO PAULA BEATRIZ
Published: September 2015

The neotropical genus Benthana (Philosciidae) is reviewed. Fourteen species are redescribed: Benthana picta, B. olfersii, B. longicornis, B. schubarti, B. albomarginata, B. werneri, B. santosi, B. longipenis, B. bocainensis, B. moreirai, B. dimorpha, B. iporangensis, B. sulcata, and B. longicaudata. Additional characters were proposed for B. convexa, B. taeniata, B. serrana, B. trinodulata, B. araucariana, and B. cairensis. New records are provided for 13 species, and four new species are described: Benthana aimores sp. nov., Benthana goitacas sp. nov., Benthana tupinamba sp. nov. and Benthana canastraensis sp. nov.. Two Chilean species are considered incertae sedis. A pictorial key and distribution maps for the species are provided.
Checklist of the Iranian Ground Beetles (Coleoptera; Carabidae)
Authors: AZADBAKHSH SAEED , NOZARI JAMASB
Published: September 2015

An up-to-date checklist of the ground beetles of Iran is presented. Altogether 955 species and subspecies in 155 genera belonging to 26 subfamilies of Carabidae are reported; 25 taxa are recorded for Iran for the fist time. New localities are listed and some previous distributional records are discussed.
Cornelius Nepos, Life of Hannibal
Authors: Mulligan Bret
Published: September 2015

Trebia. Trasimene. Cannae. With three stunning victories, Hannibal humbled Rome and nearly shattered its empire. Even today Hannibal's brilliant, if ultimately unsuccessful, campaign against Rome during the Second Punic War (218-202 BC) make him one of history's most celebrated military leaders. This biography by Cornelius Nepos (c. 100-27 BC) sketches Hannibal's life from the time he began traveling with his father's army as a young boy, through his sixteen-year invasion of Italy and his tumultuous political career in Carthage, to his perilous exile and eventual suicide in the East.

As Rome completed its bloody transition from dysfunctional republic to stable monarchy, Nepos labored to complete an innovative and influential collection of concise biographies. Putting aside the detailed, chronological accounts of military campaigns and political machinations that characterized most writing about history, Nepos surveyed Roman and Greek history for distinguished men who excelled in a range of prestigious occupations. In the exploits and achievements of these illustrious men, Nepos hoped that his readers would find models for the honorable conduct of their own lives. Although most of Nepos' works have been lost, we are fortunate to have his biography of Hannibal. Nepos offers a surprisingly balanced portrayal of a man that most Roman authors vilified as the most monstrous foe that Rome had ever faced.

Nepos' straightforward style and his preference for common vocabulary make Life of Hannibal accessible for those who are just beginning to read continuous Latin prose, while the historical interest of the subject make it compelling for readers of every ability.

This book contains embedded audio files of the original text read aloud by Christopher Francese.
A Physically Based Subgrid Parameterization for the Production and Maintenance of Mixed-Phase Clouds in a General Circulation Model
Authors: Furtado K. , Field P. R. , Boutle I. A. , Morcrette C. J. , Wilkinson J. M.
Published: September 2015

A physically based method for parameterizing the role of subgrid-scale turbulence in the production and maintenance of supercooled liquid water and mixed-phase clouds is presented. The approach used is to simplify the dynamics of supersaturation fluctuations to a stochastic differential equation that can be solved analytically, giving increments to the prognostic liquid cloud fraction and liquid water content fields in a general circulation model (GCM). Elsewhere, it has been demonstrated that the approach captures the properties of decameter-resolution large-eddy simulations of a turbulent mixed-phase environment. In this paper, it is shown that it can be implemented in a GCM, and the effects that this has on Southern Ocean biases and on Arctic stratus are investigated.
Hyperresolution Land Surface Modeling in the Context of SMAP Cal–Val
Authors: Garnaud Camille , Bélair Stéphane , Berg Aaron , Rowlandson Tracy
Published: September 2015

This study explores the performance of Environment Canada’s Surface Prediction System (SPS) in comparison to in situ observations from the Brightwater Creek soil moisture observation network with respect to soil moisture and soil temperature. To do so, SPS is run at hyperresolution (100 m) over a small domain in southern Saskatchewan (Canada) during the summer of 2014. It is shown that with initial conditions and surface condition forcings based on observations, SPS can simulate soil moisture and soil temperature evolution over time with high accuracy (mean bias of 0.01 m3 m−3 and −0.52°C, respectively). However, the modeled spatial variability is generally much weaker than observed. This is likely related to the model’s use of uniform soil texture, the lack of small-scale orography, as well as a predefined crop growth cycle in SPS. Nonetheless, the spatial averages of simulated soil conditions over the domain are very similar to those observed, suggesting that both are representative of large-scale conditions. Thus, in the context of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) project, this study shows that both simulated and in situ observations can be upscaled to allow future comparison with upcoming satellite data.
Localized Artificial Viscosity Stabilization of Discontinuous Galerkin Methods for Nonhydrostatic Mesoscale Atmospheric Modeling
Authors: Yu M. L. , Giraldo F. X. , Peng M. , Wang Z. J.
Published: September 2015

Gibbs oscillation can show up near flow regions with strong temperature gradients in the numerical simulation of nonhydrostatic mesoscale atmospheric flows when using the high-order discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method. The authors propose to incorporate flow-feature-based localized Laplacian artificial viscosity in the DG framework to suppress the spurious oscillation in the vicinity of sharp thermal fronts but not to contaminate the smooth flow features elsewhere. The parameters in the localized Laplacian artificial viscosity are modeled based on both physical criteria and numerical features of the DG discretization. The resulting numerical formulation is first validated on several shock-involved test cases, including a shock discontinuity problem with the one-dimensional Burger’s equation, shock–entropy wave interaction, and shock–vortex interaction. Then the efficacy of the developed numerical formulation on stabilizing thermal fronts in nonhydrostatic mesoscale atmospheric modeling is demonstrated by two benchmark test cases: the rising thermal bubble problem and the density current problem. The results indicate that the proposed flow-feature-based localized Laplacian artificial viscosity method can sharply detect the nonsmooth flow features, and stabilize the DG discretization nearby. Furthermore, the numerical stabilization method works robustly for a wide range of grid sizes and polynomial orders without parameter tuning in the localized Laplacian artificial viscosity.
Protesting in ‘hard times’: Evidence from a comparative analysis of Europe, 2000–2014
Authors: Quaranta Mario
Published: September 2015

This article aims to demonstrate that during an economic crisis political protest increases. Recently, economic performance has suddenly worsened in Europe after a period of relative prosperity. The economic crisis affects citizens, who may turn to political protest to voice their discontent. However, the literature on social movements has often dismissed the link between economic performance and political protest, arguing that dissatisfaction is not sufficient for mobilization. Despite this argument, in the wake of the ‘Great recession’ that hit Europe, some scholars have argued that the economic crisis has been a factor in the mobilization of political protest. Nonetheless, a broad assessment of the link between the economic crisis and political protest has yet to be carried out. Based on a comparative longitudinal analysis of 25 European countries between 2000 and 2014, this article complements recent publications on the topic, and shows that economic performance, measured using both objective and subjective indicators, has a strong association with the number of political protests. The literature on the topic has not always presented conclusive results on this association. In contrast, this article provides updated and clear findings showing that the state of the economy matters for mobilization.
Clinical negligence in hospitals in France and England
Authors: Kelly Michael J , de Bono QC John , Métayer Patrice
Published: September 2015

This article arose from the back-to-back presentations by Michael Kelly and Patrice Métayer to the Anglo-French Medical Society in 2013 on the French and English legal systems handling a case of alleged clinical negligence as it proceeds from complaint to settlement or judgment in the two jurisdictions. Both systems have a hospital-based first stage with various avenues being available for amicable resolution, the French version being more regulated and prescribed than the English one. In both jurisdictions fewer than 5% cases go down the criminal route. Before the court is involved, in England there is an elaborate lawyer-controlled phase involving negotiations between the two sides and their experts which is expensive but often leads to pre-trial settlement for significant sums of money. Medical experts are central to all of this. In England they are largely unregulated and entirely advisory in an open market, in France they are both regulated and supervised by judges, being placed on official lists. These experts take a major inquisitorial role in a Debate between the two sides, combining the functions of Single Joint Expert (SJE), arbiter and mentor. If agreement is not reached, a second Debate before a different Expert is arranged. In both countries fewer than 5% cases reach a court for a hearing before a judge. In England a trial is an elaborate lengthy, expensive adversarial contest where all of the issues are rehearsed in full with factual and expert evidence, whereas in France in a contested case the judge reviews the reports of the two Debates with the lawyers who were involved (and not the experts, factual witnesses or parties).
Exploring the use of large sporting events in the post-crash, post-welfare city: A ‘legacy’ of increasing insecurity?
Authors: Mooney Gerry , McCall Vikki , Paton Kirsteen
Published: September 2015

Large-scale sporting events are a major part of urban policy and regeneration strategies in the UK and globally. These events court as much controversy and criticism from academics and community groups as they are coveted by local and national governments. While they claim to have lasting long-term benefits for the host cities, neighbourhoods and ergo residents, evidence shows that effects are often scant, oblique or, conversely, negative. This has new significance in the context of austerity. This paper offers original empirical evidence of the experiences surrounding the Glasgow Commonwealth Games 2014. A series of diaries and focus groups with those living and working in the East End of Glasgow revealed hope of a positive impact on the East End, but this coincided with anxiety and feelings of exclusion around the Commonwealth Games 2014. It explores the current form that urban social policy takes in the post-crash, post-welfare context, as exemplified by the Commonwealth Games. The paper goes on to raise questions about the real winners of large sporting events.
Musical information increases physical performance for synchronous but not asynchronous running
Authors: Ramji Rathi , Aasa Ulrika , Paulin Johan , Madison Guy
Published: September 2015

Given that physical performance is enhanced by listening to music, what information in the music is the active ingredient? Here, we varied the amount of music information in an otherwise identical piece of music, from only the rhythm, through a synthesized and scaled down version, to the full original version. Twenty-two university students (11 males and 11 females) ran for 10 minutes to each of eight conditions, two with white noise, three with music that facilitated synchronization with the running pace, and three with tempi where synchronization was impossible. Dependent variables were distance run and the number of steps, from which stride length was computed. Heart rate and mood (PANAS) were also measured for control purposes. Participants tended to run a greater distance when there was more music information, which was mainly an effect of longer strides rather than a faster stride rate. This effect was stronger in the synchronous conditions. The results suggest that the motivational effects of music information during running is mostly related to richer temporal information conveyed by faster metrical levels, when attempting to synchronize with the beat in the music
Sí, Yo Puedo Curricula
Authors: Fuchsel Catherine L. Marrs , Linares Roxana , Abugattas Ana , Padilla Maria , Hartenberg Leigh
Published: September 2015

In 2013–2014, a mixed-method study was conducted examining the experiences of 14 immigrant Latina women using a culturally specific curriculum: Sí, Yo Puedo. The purpose of using the curriculum among participants was to assess self-esteem and knowledge of healthy relationships, dating, and domestic violence (DV). The curriculum is a 2-hr, topic-specific educational program, conducted in Spanish, offered over a period of 11 weeks in a group format. Participants reported an increase in self-esteem and knowledge of DV after completing the program. Implications include the promotion of a curriculum for mental health professionals who work with immigrant Latinas in community-based agencies.
Online measurement of torsional stiffness and fault analysis for flexible coupling under working condition
Authors: Guo Yibin , Li Wanyou , Lu Xiqun , Shuai Zhijun , Wang Donghua , Ma Xiuzhen , Zou Dequan
Published: September 2015

In this paper, a method of measuring the relative torsional angles of the flexible coupling under working condition was developed. A double-encoder measurement system was proposed to get the torsional angles. The torsional angles were divided into “constant torsional angle” and “alternating torsional angle”. The measured results were analyzed further, which were applied to a series of flexible couplings. Firstly, the torsional stiffness of D-type flexible coupling was obtained according to the relationship between torques and torsional angles. The proposed method overcomes the difficulty that the angular displacements of flexible coupling cannot be measured online under operating condition. The feasibility and accuracy of the method developed in this study was verified by comparing stiffness curve with unloading curve obtained from static torsional experiment and values from factory inspection report. Furthermore, in view of the tear fault of A-type flexible coupling in a diesel generator set, the maximum alternating torsional angles of A-type, B-type, and C-type flexible couplings were measured under working condition, then safety margins were obtained for the diesel generator set. According to the safety margins of the three kinds of couplings, C-type flexible coupling is chosen to replace A-type, which provided the basis for type selection of flexible coupling. Finally, the method developed in this study would also be applied to the operation monitoring and fault diagnosis of flexible coupling online.
Bayesian multi-scale modeling for aggregated disease mapping data
Authors: Aregay Mehreteab , Lawson Andrew B , Faes Christel , Kirby Russell S
Published: September 2015

In disease mapping, a scale effect due to an aggregation of data from a finer resolution level to a coarser level is a common phenomenon. This article addresses this issue using a hierarchical Bayesian modeling framework. We propose four different multiscale models. The first two models use a shared random effect that the finer level inherits from the coarser level. The third model assumes two independent convolution models at the finer and coarser levels. The fourth model applies a convolution model at the finer level, but the relative risk at the coarser level is obtained by aggregating the estimates at the finer level. We compare the models using the deviance information criterion (DIC) and Watanabe-Akaike information criterion (WAIC) that are applied to real and simulated data. The results indicate that the models with shared random effects outperform the other models on a range of criteria.
From class to region
Authors: Massetti Emanuele , Schakel Arjan H
Published: September 2015

The primary dimension of political contestation for regionalist parties is the centre-periphery dimension but they are pressured to adopt positions on the left-right dimension by competition with state-wide parties. We argue that the relative economic position of a region is a key variable for explaining how regionalist parties adopt left-right positions and link them to the centre-periphery dimension. Based on a quantitative analysis of 74 regionalist parties – distributed in 49 regions and 11 countries – over four decades, we find strong evidence that regionalist parties acting in relatively rich regions tend to adopt a rightist ideology, while regionalist parties acting in relatively poor regions tend to adopt a leftist ideology. A qualitative illustration of two paradigmatic cases, the Lega Nord (LN) and the Scottish National Party (SNP), appears to support our interpretation that left-right orientations are subsumed into centre-periphery politics through the adoption of two ideal types of regionalist discourse: one labelled as ‘bourgeois regionalism’ (Harvie, 1994) and one labelled as ‘internal colonialism’ (Hechter, 1975).
Tribological and thermomechanical analysis of CaO (quicklime) particulates filled ZA-27 alloy composites for bearing application
Authors: Gangwar Swati , Patnaik Amar , Bhat IK
Published: September 2015

This research work investigates friction and wears behaviour of CaO filler / particulate reinforced ZA-27 alloy composites. Pin-on-disk tribometer confining to ASTM G 99 standard with EN-31 hardened steel disc was used to simulate the tribological performance experimentally. The tribological parameters were evaluated over a normal load range of 5–45 N, sliding velocity of 1.047–5.235 m/s., sliding distance of 500–2500 m, environment temperature of 25–45℃ and filler content range of 0–10 wt%. The various alloy composites were fabricated under vacuum environment by high-temperature gravity casting technique. The steady-state specific wear rate and coefficient of friction were evaluated under different boundary conditions and thereafter Taguchi design of experiment methodology was adopted to compute the experimental specific wear rate of the proposed alloy composites. The dynamic mechanical analysis and thermo-gravimetric analysis study were also performed in order to observe the thermal characteristics of the composites at higher temperature. Finally, the surface morphology of the worn samples was performed using field-emission scanning electron microscope to understand the wear mechanism prevailed at rubbing surfaces and then atomic force microscopy analysis was studied to evaluate the surface profile of the worn sample. At the end, energy-dispersive spectrometer analysis was also performed to find out the elemental compositions of the worn alloy composites.
Retail lighting and textiles: Designing a lighting probe set
Authors: Barati B , Karana E , Sekulovski D , Pont S C
Published: September 2015

This paper investigates the interaction between retail lighting and textiles to provide retailers and lighting designers with a set of physical textile objects that can be used to test the visual effect of a lighting setting. Since the relationships between optical aspects of lighting–textiles interactions and subjective qualities associated with them have not been systematically investigated, we conducted two experiments to study those relationships. The first experiment concerned photometric measurements of textiles in order to categorize the reflectance types. The second experiment examined human observers’ judgments of a range of material-expressing qualities, such as shininess and softness, in two canonical types of lighting. The textiles for which the differences in those qualities were maximal were used in designing a lighting probe set.
Fetal facial expression in response to intravaginal music emission
Authors: López-Teijón Marisa , García-Faura Álex , Prats-Galino Alberto
Published: September 2015

This study compared fetal response to musical stimuli applied intravaginally (intravaginal music [IVM]) with application via emitters placed on the mother’s abdomen (abdominal music [ABM]). Responses were quantified by recording facial movements identified on 3D/4D ultrasound. One hundred and six normal pregnancies between 14 and 39 weeks of gestation were randomized to 3D/4D ultrasound with: (a) ABM with standard headphones (flute monody at 98.6 dB); (b) IVM with a specially designed device emitting the same monody at 53.7 dB; or (c) intravaginal vibration (IVV; 125 Hz) at 68 dB with the same device. Facial movements were quantified at baseline, during stimulation, and for 5 minutes after stimulation was discontinued. In fetuses at a gestational age of >16 weeks, IVM-elicited mouthing (MT) and tongue expulsion (TE) in 86.7% and 46.6% of fetuses, respectively, with significant differences when compared with ABM and IVV ( p = 0.002 and p = 0.004, respectively). There were no changes from baseline in ABM and IVV. TE occurred ≥5 times in 5 minutes in 13.3% with IVM. IVM was related with higher occurrence of MT (odds ratio = 10.980; 95% confidence interval = 3.105–47.546) and TE (odds ratio = 10.943; 95% confidence interval = 2.568–77.037). The frequency of TE with IVM increased significantly with gestational age ( p = 0.024). Fetuses at 16–39 weeks of gestation respond to intravaginally emitted music with repetitive MT and TE movements not observed with ABM or IVV. Our findings suggest that neural pathways participating in the auditory–motor system are developed as early as gestational week 16. These findings might contribute to diagnostic methods for prenatal hearing screening, and research into fetal neurological stimulation.
Relaxation therapy and anxiety, self-esteem, and emotional regulation among adults with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Bouvet Cyrille , Coulet Aurélie
Published: September 2015

This pilot study is a randomized controlled trial on the effects of relaxation on anxiety, self-esteem, and emotional regulation in adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) working in a center of supported employment in France. We studied 30 adults with mild or moderate ID who were split at random into a relaxation group (RG, 15 subjects), who completed 10 sessions of relaxation therapy, and a control group (CG, 15 subjects), who were on a waiting list. The method used is the pretest and posttest. Variables were assessed by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory form Y scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale, and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. We found that in the RG, relaxation significantly reduced state anxiety, t(14, 15) = 17.8***, d = −0.72, and improved self-esteem, t(14, 15) = −7.7***, d = 1.03, and cognitive reappraisal, t(14, 15) = −6.3***, d = 1.3, while the CG showed no change for these variables. We conclude that relaxation seems to be an interesting therapeutic option for reducing anxiety in people with ID in a supported employment setting.
Whole-exome sequencing identifies novel MPL and JAK2 mutations in triple-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Milosevic Feenstra Jelena D. , Nivarthi Harini , Gisslinger Heinz , Leroy Emilie , Rumi Elisa , Chachoua Ilyas , Bagienski Klaudia , Kubesova Blanka , Pietra Daniela , Gisslinger Bettina , Milanesi Chiara , Jäger Roland , Chen Doris , Berg Tiina , Schalling Martin , Schuster Michael , Bock Christoph , Constantinescu Stefan N. , Cazzola Mario , Kralovics Robert
Published: September 2015

Key Points

Activating mutations outside exon 10 of MPL were identified in 10% (7 of 69) of triple-negative cases of ET and PMF. JAK2-V625F and JAK2-F556V were identified in 2 triple-negative cases of ET and were shown to activate JAK-STAT5 signaling.
High genetic abundance of Rpi-blb2/Mi-1.2/Cami gene family in Solanaceae
Authors: Zhao Lina , Zhang Qijun , Gao Rongchao , Yang Sihai , Liu Haoxuan , Zhang Xiaohui
Published: September 2015

Background

ThreeNBS-LRRgenes,Rpi-blb2, Mi-1.2, andCami, constitute a very special plant resistance gene family. These genes confer resistance against 4 distantly related pathogen species in 3 differentSolanaceaehosts. To characterize this noted resistance, we conducted a series of studies on this gene family.

Results

First, homologs of this gene family were identified in the pepper, tomato and potato genomes. This revealed a large variation in copy number within this gene family among species and a great divergence was found both between and within species. To gain more information pertaining to gene resistance within this family, 121 LRR regions were cloned in 16 different wild/cultivated potato accessions. Again, frequent copy number variations and a high level of divergence between homolog were observed common among accessions. The divergence within species was so high that it reaches the level of divergence between species. Also, frequent frameshift mutations and abundant gene conversion events were identified in these LRR regions.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that this family harbors an unusually high level of genetic abundance, making it of particular interest. Together with other reported examples, our study also provides evidence that multi-resistance is a common trait inRgene families like this.
Micro-Raman spectral identification of manganese oxides black pigments in an archaeological context in Northern Chile
Authors: Sepúlveda Marcela , Gutiérrez Sebastián , Vallette Marcelo Campos , Standen Vivien G. , Arriaza Bernardo T. , Cárcamo-Vega José J.
Published: September 2015

The micro-Raman spectroscopy was used to identify manganese oxides, pyrolusite, manganite and cryptomelane in archaeological sites in northern Atacama Desert, Chile. The present micro-Raman data allow us to compare and expand the origins of raw materials used by archaic groups of the Atacama Desert. In the Andean highlands, pyrolusite and manganite were identified while in the coastal lowlands manganite and cryptomelane were found. The present results complement the data obtained from the lithic materials and rock art painting analyses pointing to a better understanding of the daily life of ancient populations and minerals use in this region.

Graphical abstract:

Black pigments found in three archaeological sites from northern Chile. Two of them are from the highlands: Tangani (Ta-1 and Ta-14) and one from the coast, Maderas Enco (Ari-26 and Ari-27). Raman spectra of different manganese oxides a) Ta-1, b) Ta-14, c) Ari-26 and d) Ari-27.
Sectoral Technology and Structural Transformation
Authors: Herrendorf Berthold , Herrington Christopher , Valentinyi Ákos
Published: September 2015

We assess how the properties of technology affect structural transformation, i.e., the reallocation of production factors across the broad sectors of agriculture, manufacturing, and services. To this end, we estimate sectoral constant elasticity of substitution (CES) and Cobb-Douglas production functions on postwar US data. We find that differences in technical progress across the three sectors are the dominant force behind structural transformation whereas other differences across sectoral technology are of second-order importance. Our findings imply that Cobb-Douglas sectoral production functions that differ only in technical progress capture the main technological forces behind the postwar US structural transformation. (JEL E16, E25, O33, O47)
Elaboração de protocolo para atendimento nutricional de crianças obesas ou com sobrepeso
 doi: 10.12662/2317-3076jhbs.v3i3.141.p151-158.2015
Authors: Cangerana Santiago Luciana Alves , De Nóbrega Fernando José
Published: September 2015

Objetivo: Elaborar protocolo para o atendimento nutricional em obesidade pediátrica. Metodologia: Estudo de caráter qualitativo, que aborda questões ligadas ao atendimento nutricional de crianças obesas e questões ligadas ao abandono do tratamento. A amostra foi composta por 10 nutricionistas com experiência no atendimento de crianças com obesidade e que atuam nas seguintes instituições: Escola Paulista de Medicina, Instituto da Criança, Faculdade de Saúde Pública e Ambulatório de Bulimia e Transtornos Alimentares. Os depoimentos foram avaliados pelo método análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Os principais pontos do atendimento nutricional e motivos de abandono, identificados na análise dos depoimentos, foram classificados em seis categorias: “Família”, “Criança”, “Profissional”, “Preconceito”, “Qualidade do serviço prestado” e “Modo de vida contemporâneo”, as quais sustentaram a elaboração do protocolo nutricional, em que se destacam: as formas de abordagem no atendimento, o foco da abordagem, a forma de orientação, as metas a serem trabalhadas, a equipe multidisciplinar, o papel do nutricionista e outras questões pertinentes ao acompanhamento. Conclusões: Concluiu-se que deve se considerar a “Família” e a percepção da doença; a “Criança” utilizando-se de linguagem e estratégias adequadas no atendimento; o “Profissional” com metas possíveis e curtas; o “Preconceito” como agravante do tratamento; a “Qualidade dos serviços prestados” e o “Modo de vida contemporâneo”. Como forma de continuidade ao estudo, sugere-se a aplicação prática do referido protocolo.
Ações realizadas por profissionais de Saúde da família no controle da hanseníase em um município hiperendêmico
 doi: 10.12662/2317-3076jhbs.v3i3.183.p144-150.2015
Authors: Carvalho Nirvania do Vale , Evangelista de Araújo Telma Maria
Published: September 2015

Objetivo: pesquisa descritiva que objetivou descrever as ações realizadas por médicos e enfermeiros da estratégia Saúde da Família, junto ao Programa de Controle da Hanseníase. Método: foram entrevistados 10 médicos e 15 enfermeiros, que estavam atuando no período da coleta de dados, entre janeiro a abril de 2011, no município de União–PI, considerado hiperendêmico para hanseníase. Resultados: observou-se que 100% dos enfermeiros possuem pelo menos uma especialização, e 60% dos médicos nenhuma. A maioria dos enfermeiros, 86,7%, realizam ações essenciais para o controle da hanseníase; 60% dos médicos fazem diagnósticos e tratam as reações hansênicas. A deficiência da estrutura física foi o principal problema citado pelos profissionais para a implementação do Programa. Clonclusão: conclui-se que muitas atividades necessárias ao controle da hanseníase no município ainda precisam ser implementadas e que existe uma necessidade de investimento tanto na infraestrutura da estratégia, quanto na qualificação e sensibilização, especialmente médica, com vistas à qualidade do Programa.
EvolQG - An R package for evolutionary quantitative genetics
Authors: Melo Diogo , Garcia Guilherme , Hubbe Alex , Assis Ana Paula , Marroig Gabriel
Published: September 2015

We present an open source package for performing evolutionary quantitative genetics analyses in the R environment for statistical computing. Evolutionary theory shows that evolution depends critically on the available variation in a given population. When dealing with many quantitative traits this variation is expressed in the form of a covariance matrix, particularly the additive genetic covariance matrix or sometimes the phenotypic matrix, when the genetic matrix is unavailable. Given this mathematical representation of available variation, the EvolQG package provides functions for calculation of relevant evolutionary statistics, estimation of sampling error, corrections for this error, matrix comparison via correlations and distances, and functions for testing evolutionary hypotheses on taxa diversification.
Monetary policy of the National Bank of Poland in period 1999–September 2008
Authors: Pietryka Ilona
Published: September 2015

At present, the basic and the most important final aim for central banking is to achieve and maintain stable, low inflation. During the last several years BCI conception gained considerable popularity, which is reflected in the growth of number of central banks leading monetary policy according to that strategy. The aim of this paper is to review the realization of the monetary policy in Poland in years 1999–2008 as well as in long-term perspective. The reason of non-achieving the inflationary aims are situated in supply factors (such as changes of controlled process, fluctuation of food process or changes of raw materials prices), fluctuation of economic situation in world economy, dynamics of internal and external demand and expansive fiscal policy.
The issue and importance of credit risk management exemplfied by the collapse of American mortgage credit market
Authors: Przenajkowska Karolina
Published: September 2015

The risk is connected to all types of economic activities. It is especially important for the functioning of banks, which are institutions based on society trust. The most common risk banks face is the credit risk. The first part of the paper refers to the reasons, classification and consequences of its appearance. Serious negative effects of credit risk existence force banks to design a program of managing this type of risk. The credit risk management is founded on the basis of the credit policy established separately in every bank. This policy requires choosing the policy towards the risk. Generally, there are three such policies or strategies: conservative, offensive and controlled growth. The process of credit risk management in the paper is presented as a division on five elements (risk: identification, assessment, steering, control, financing and administrating). Those issues are particularly important with the international financial crisis observed since August 2007. The origin of the crisis is linked to the collapse of the American mortgage credit market. The analysis of the reasons behind this collapse is described in the last part of the paper. It shows the points where the most basic rules of the credit risk management were ignored and leaves the question of the conclusions for the banks all over the world.
The development of innovative banking services ? treasury transactions as a way to risk and financial management corporation by use of electronic distribution channels
Authors: Syrocka Agnieszka
Published: September 2015

The evolution of information technology brings many considerable challenges for the contemporary banking. Banks use the electronic distribution channels for more effective satisfying the customers. The rise of the electronic banking platforms caused the development of innovative banking services, for example treasury transactions. The aim of this article is to show e-banking products and present a way to risk and financial management corporations.
The main directions of granting of state aid in Poland and its influence on competition
Authors: Rutkiewicz Krzysztof
Published: September 2015

The purpose of this paper is to identify and evaluate major diversion of state aid in Poland in recent years. On this ground there have been formulated proposals for better targeting and using of state aid in Poland in the future. The structure of this article includes: comparative analysis of state aid in Poland and European Union, characteristic of area of support with an indication on the importance of state aid for social and economic development of Poland. It especially took into consideration largeness, forms and allocations of state aid. There have been also evaluate the effectiveness of the actions and effects of state aid granted in the sphere of competition.
Corporate social responsibility – what is it and how companies functioning on polish market communicate about it?
Authors: Karwacka Marta
Published: September 2015

Corporate social responsibility (CSR), the well known idea in the developed countries, is becoming more and more important also in the Polish reality. The article contains a characteristic of corporate social responsibility and the role of stakeholders. Nowadays, the necessity to create and maintain positive relations with business environment is extremely important, which can be proved by many boycotts of companies that violate employees' rights, human rights or animal rights. The development of consumer movements is so dynamic that in the western countries there are more and more entrepreneurs who attempt to inform their consumers about their social engagement. How is this problem outlined in the Polish reality? The last part of the article presents the results of a research conducted at The Faculty of Economic Sciences and Management, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, which shows that communicating social engagement by means of the Internet does not constitute the strongest side of Polish companies. However, it seems that this form of communication has already started to develop in Poland.
Estimation of the probable maximum loss based on extreme value theory for stock returns
Authors: Fałdziński Marcin
Published: September 2015

Probable maximum loss is a measure coming from the insurance market, where is applied to insurance portfolio analysis. This correspond to the 20-80 rule, which states that 20% of the individual claims are responsible for more than 80% of the total claim amount in a well defined portfolio. The main aim of the presented paper is estimation of the probable maximum loss for stock returns which are treated as portfolios of securities. It turns out that probable maximum loss is a useful tool for risk analysis or/and diagnostic purposes at capital markets, but we have to be aware of its drawbacks.
Marketing activity of baking industry companies functioning in Czestochowa region as a condition of their development
Authors: Puto Agnieszka
Published: September 2015

Along with the development of the society’s economic status, the consumers’ preferences and nutritional needs also change. At the moment, not only do the consumers pay attention to the product price, but also to its wholesomeness, nutritional vale and ecological aspects. In market economics, the customer, who is often – with reason – described as the “king of the market”, is in the centre of interest of company managers. The knowledge about the customer’s behaviour and the factors which shape such behaviour has become the priority among the interests of marketing, which aims at the satisfaction of the consumer’s needs. Therefore, the permanent process of improving the marketing activity of baking industry companies is the key condition for their development. The objective of this thesis is the analysis of the marketing activity of companies functioning on the baker’s product market, using the example of the Częstochowa market. The author tried to evaluate the influence of particular marketing instruments on the development of the examined companies.
Residential Policy in Market Economies
Authors: Kędzierska Małgorzata
Published: September 2015

Living space plays an important role in the hierarchy of human everyday requirements. Not only does it alleviating the basic requirements, but also those of the superior rows. The proper residential conditions are the foundation of the development of the family life and, in the wider context, the whole societies. Consequently, residential requirement are of particular interest to the state, in fact, in modern advanced economy, the residential problem should be regarded as a preemptive public task. However, it does not mean that the government is obliged to substitute for the citizens in their aspirations to own an apartment. To the contrary, its role should concentrate on regulation rather than stimulation of the real estate market.
The process of nominal and real convergence under the conditions of monetary integration
Authors: Pietryka Ilona
Published: September 2015

The creation of the Economic and Monetary Union is the next stage of monetary integration. Due to differentiation between Member States of the European Union, expenses and profits of participation in Eurosystem are not spread similarly. The first part of this paper reviews the fulfillment of nominal Maastricht criteria (stability of public finances, prices, exchange rate and interest rates). The second part presents the state of real convergence between countries either belonging to or aspiring to European Economic and Monetary Union (flexibility of prices and salaries, mobility of means of production, integration of financial markets, openness of economy, diversification of production and consumption and similarity of economic disorders). Analyses are based on available statistical data and scientific research.
The conditions of investments in renewable energy in Poland
Authors: Maśloch Grzegorz
Published: September 2015

In the article the author shows the problems that enterprises investing in renewable energy production have to face. Taking into consideration Poland’s obligations regarding the development of the production of renewable energy, activities aiming at environmental protection and the possibilities of getting EU funding of ecological investments, the paper’s subject matter seems particularly significant.
Agricultural land protection fund and forest fund as ecological funds
Authors: Bartniczak Bartosz
Published: September 2015

Funds for environmental protection and water management, Agricultural Land Protection Fund and Forest Fund make up the Polish system of special fund in environment protection. The main aim of this article is to analyze the activity of two latest funds. The article tries to answer the question whether that funds could be considered as ecological funds. The author described incomes and outlays of that funds and showed which reform should be done in Polish special funds system.
Comparative analysis of the American and Swedish economic system from the perspective of the property rights theory
Authors: Umiński Paweł
Published: September 2015

The article presents a comparison of the two most developed economies in the world – Swedish and American. The main subject of the paper is the range of property rights in those two types of economic systems. Economy of The United States of America resembles the theory of capitalism the most, so it has the largest range of property rights. Swedish state; on the other hand, often interferes with the market, thus restricts ownership rights. It seems that these differences do not have the key impact on the economic efficiency of those countries.
International Tax Competition and Fiscal Policy of EU Countries
Authors: Krajka Mirosław
Published: September 2015

Intensification of international tax competition, associated with the process of globalization and financial markets integration is recently becoming a very live issue, causing a lot of both enthusiasm and scepticism among politicians, economists, taxpayers. This is mainly because of its ambiguous effects - it may introduce, mitigate, or exacerbate inefficiencies in both private and public sector. In different models, tax competition may either limit or increase public expenditures and taxes on mobile factors, with differing welfare consequences. It poses a serious challenge to the autonomy of domestic fiscal policymakers and to the global economy in general. This paper reviews potential advantages and disadvantages of the phenomenon, facing commonly used hypotheses and beliefs with facts and numbers. Though it does not provide a clear-cut answer to the question of whether tax competition is good or bad, it gives an idea of its complexity and of great significance for the future of fiscal policy development.
The Phenomenon of Speculative Bubble in the Light of the Austrian Business Cycle Theory
Authors: Cholewiński Jarosław
Published: September 2015

The article presents the modern interpretation of the Austrian business cycle theory and the look at the phenomenon of economic bubble through the lens of that theory. The aim of the article is to answer the question ‘What is the main cause of economic bubbles’. The author suggests that it is a depiction which integrates cyclical fluctuations induced by credit expansion with the phenomenon of speculative bubble. Capital-based macroeconomics proposed by Garrison can become a core of universal economic theorizing. The model presented by the author shows how credit expansion that decreases interest rate of credits below its natural level causes medium-run discoordination of production structure. Disruptions that lies in the strong fluctuations of capital goods during a cyclical episode can be understand as consecutive stages of speculative bubble. In the paper the author conducted a historical analysis of data to investigate whether the dramatic increase in house prices that occurred in the United States after the year 2000 could have been triggered by credit expansion. The author summarizes that such hypothesis can’t be rejected.
Competition Policy during the Economic Crisis – legal issues
Authors: Błachucki Mateusz , Stankiewicz Rafał
Published: September 2015

The paper addresses the issue of legal issues of competition policy during the economic crisis. During the economic crisis public authorities are forced to redefine the aims of public policies and harmonize them. The paper aims at identifying spheres, where competition policy is limited by other public policies. First, the problem of crisis cartels and their admissibility under competition law is discussed. It is followed by the presentation of the exemptions to the general prohibition of anticompetitive mergers. Last but not least, the temporary framework for state aid in the UE is presented. It has been argued that during the economic crisis public authorities use peculiar legal instruments of competition policy to address problems arising from the crisis. Whenever it is possible reference to the case law is made in order to present the application of presented problems in practice.
Interlinkages between trade liberalisation and ecological policy in globalizing economy
Authors: Kuna-Marszałek Aneta
Published: September 2015

The relationships between free trade and the environment are one of the main issues of contention between environmental and ecological economics. The liberalization of international trade facilitates economic growth that causes the deterioration of the environment. On the other hand ecological policy with its autonomous, strict standards could curb trade flows and make the competitive advantage of countries with lower environmental standards. The aim of the article is to show how trade can affect the environment and how environmental concern can work through the trading system to foster development in both rich and poor countries. Broader understanding and awareness of these linkages are fundamental for fair and environmentally sustainable policies and trade flows.
Industrial design as a determinant of shoe and tanning firms’ competitiveness
Authors: Mamica Łukasz
Published: September 2015

Firms are looking for optimal combination of factors, which allow them to achieve competitive advantage. With the passage of time the role of these factors are changing. The article presents results of authors’ research, which covered 20 firms from shoe and 15 from tanning production. The research was carried out in Poland in the second quarter of 2009. It showed that the most important factor of firms’ competitiveness are establishment of cooperation with R&D unit and receiving financial grant for R&D activity (both these factors received average mark 3,41 in five points scale, where 1 is not important at all and 5 the most important). Special attention during the research was given to the role of industrial design. The most import for researched firms in this field were increasing their products’ recognition (mark 4,06) and increasing aesthetic (3,94).