bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MANAGEMENT OF MEDICAL EMERGENCIES IN DENTAL TEACHING HOSPITALS, PESHAWAR
Authors: Kamran Khan  , Sofia Shehzad  , Farooq Maqsood  , Zainab Waheed  , Ijaz Ahmad  , Afzal Ahmad  , Najwa Karim
Published: July 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the house officer’s skills for management of medical emergencies in dental teaching hospitals Peshawar.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study, conducted in three dental teaching hospitals of Peshawar i.e. Khyber College of Dentistry (KCD), Peshawar Dental College (PDC) and Sardar Begum Dental College (SBDC). Investigations were planned to evaluate the house-officers expertise for the potential health-related emergencies in dental teaching hospitals for dental procedure, ought to be taken care of productively and viably to continue life until restorative assistance shows up. A total 150 house officers (50 house-officers from each dental hospital) were selected for this study through simple random sampling. The house-officers having less than 8 months experience of training were excluded. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the information. Informed consent was taken from the authorities and participants. SPSS version 22 was used for analysis of data.
Results: The results revealed that the degree of preparing and level of information on health-related crisis was substandard while dealing with the emergencies the confidence was high (63.1%), thirty per cent attended workshops on medical training whereas 94.9% felt that they need further training to cope with the emergencies.
Conclusion: Most of the house officers were knowledgeable to manage health related crisis. Among them 2/3rd house officers need fundamental preparation for dental emergencies. Subsequently, to improve health of patient, Basic Life Skills courses ought to be made compulsory.
MORBIDITY ASSOCIATED WITH HARVESTING OF ILIAC CREST BONE GRAFT FOR MAXILLOFACIAL RECONSTRUCTION
Authors: Malik Ali Hassan Sajid  , Uzair Bin Akhtar  , Shoaib Younus  , Komal Akram  , Mahrukh Nisar  , Usman ul Haq  , Riaz Ahmed Warraich
Published: July 2023

Objective: To evaluatethe post-operative morbidity associated with harvesting of iliac crest bone graft.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King Edward Medical University/Mayo Hospital, Lahore, from March 2010 to March2012; and at the Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Fatima Memorial Hospital Lahore, from June 2012 to June 2017. After approval of the study was obtained from Institutional Review Board (IRB), informed consent of the patients was taken on customized proforma.A total of 36 patients were subjected to reconstruction of maxillofacial bony defects with 36 bone grafts harvested from anterior iliac crest; 20(55.56%) were male and 16 (44.44%) were female patients with mean age of 23 ± 10.31years (range 11-52 years).
Results: At 3 months postoperatively, the pain score was noted as: 02 patients (5.5%) had score 1 and 34 patients (94.44%) had score 0. Only one patient (2.77%) had abnormality in gait. The donor site scars were assessed according to the patients’ satisfactory score whereby 24 patients (66.66%) had a score of 2; 04 patients (11.11%) had score 3 and 08 patients (22.22%) had score 1. While scar hypertrophy was seen in 2 patients (11.11%), wound dehiscence was seen in 1 patient (5.55%) only.
Conclusion: Harvesting of bone graft from the anterior iliac crest is a safe and predictable surgical procedure for reconstruction of defects of oral and maxillofacial region with high patient tolerance, low morbidity and fewer complications.
OCCLUSAL CONTACTS IN CENTRIC RELATION RECORDED INTRAORALLY AFTER PROCESSING HEAT CURED ACRYLIC RESIN COMPLETE DENTURES
Authors: Faiza Abdul Hakam  , Shafi Ullah Khan  , Sajid Ali  , Aiman Khan  , Muhammad Akbar  , Asif Ullah Khan
Published: July 2023

Objective: To record the occlusal contacts in centric relation at the first insertion stage of complete denture.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Prosthodontics department, Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar starting from August 2019 to December 2019 using consecutive non-probability sampling. Data was collected from 30 conventional heat cured processed and finished acrylic resin complete dentures (CDs) first inserted into the mouth by checking occlusion in centric relation (CR). Patients having neuro-muscular problems and temporo-mandibular disorders (TMD’s) were excluded from the study. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20.
Results: Out of thirty CD patients, mean age recorded was 61±5 years and males (60 %, n=18) reported more than females (40%, n=12). Most of the participants (83.3%, n=25) didn’t perform a remount procedure. Bilateral occlusal contacts (56.7%, n=17) were recorded more than Unilateral contacts (43.3%, n=13). Majority of CDs had 6-10 number of occlusal contacts in CR after processing (46.7%, n=14). Of those who hadn’t performed a laboratory remount, the number of occlusal contacts in the range of 6-10 were noted to be highest (40%, n=12).
Conclusion: Proper processing techniques and a laboratory remount after processing must be performed to ensure a good occlusal practice in CD wearers.
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF MEDICAL TRAINEES IN HEALTH PROFESSION
Authors: Sofia Shehzad  , Zainab Waheed  , Samir Khan Kabir  , Sofia Haider Durrani  , Afaq Farooq
Published: July 2023

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate the roles and responsibilities of young medical practitioners and perceived competency in their profession.
Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study, designed to measure the roles and responsibilities of young medical practitioners during house job (n=75) and Fellow of College of Physicians and Surgeons (FCPS)-II (n=75) training. For the evaluation, a comprehensive and well-designed questionnaire was used. A total of 150 medical Trainees including both genders of Hayatabad medical complex and Naseer teaching hospital, Peshawar participated. Medical trainees were from different departments of hospitals having age range of 24-30 years and completed 3 months of house job or doing FCPS II training were included in the study, the newly joined house-officers were excluded from the study. The data was analyzed using 21.0 SPSS version.
Results: The results of this study showed that most of the medical Trainees i.e. 76% Training medical officers and 84% House officers were attained their roles respectively. 81.3% training medical officers and 96% house officers were dedicated to their duties (p-value <0.001). Most of the young medical trainees perceived themselves competent to take their professional roles and responsibilities (p-value<0.001).
Conclusion: Medical trainees are committed to their profession and perform their duties and obligations. We need to provide facilities and more support to medical trainees to flourish in their field.
TEN YEAR PRESENTATION PATTERN OF ORAL PREMALIGNANT & MALIGNANT LESIONS AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF LAHORE PAKISTAN
Authors: Hafiz Aamer Iqbal  , Naila Umer  , Arsalan Wahid Malik  , Sarah Ghafoor
Published: July 2023

Objective: The aim of the present study to review the reporting frequency of oral premalignant lesions and tumors reporting to tertiary care hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan, during the last ten years to be better informed regarding the burden of local disease.
Materials and Methods: 10-year data (2008-2018) about oral premalignant lesions and tumors were collected from medical records of the Oral and maxillofacial surgery department, Services institute of medical sciences, Lahore. The demographic data, along with histopathological diagnosis, were recorded and analyzed using SPSS 20.
Results: Out of 256 oral lesions reported, 144 were premalignant lesions, and 112 were oral tumors. The mean age range of patients with premalignant lesions was 44 ±17.6, while the mean age range of patients presenting with oral tumors was 39 ± 17.4. in malignant tumors, the overall male to female ratio was 1.6:1.
Conclusion: Among premalignant lesions, maximum cases were of oral submucous fibrosis followed by oral lichen planus. Among oral tumors, epithelial tumors were the commonest with the highest frequency of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
TO DETERMINE THE EXPRESSION OF E-CADHERIN IN DIFFERENT HISTOLOGICAL SUBTYPES OF AMELOBLASTOMA FOR GAUGING AND PREDICTING THE AGGRESSIVENESS AND BEHAVIOR OF THIS TUMOR IN OUR POPULATION
Authors: Farah Farhan  , Batool Zara  , Farzana Kalsoom  , Faiza Hassan  , Maria Yasir  , Misbah Ali
Published: July 2023

Objective: The current study is designed to determine the expression of immunohistochemical markers E-Cadherin in different histological subtypes of ameloblastoma for gauging and predicting the aggressiveness and behavior of this tumor in our population.
Materials and Methods: A total of 60 cases of ameloblastoma were collected for this study from June2016 to June 2017, in AFIP Rawalpindi. The tumor was sub-classified histologically on the basis of WHO classification. Final results were analyzed. Mean and standard deviation were calculated for quantitative variables. Frequency and percentages were calculated for qualitative variables. Chi square test was applied to find the association of E-Cadherin with histological variants of ameloblastoma. P –VALUE <0.05 was considered significant.
Results: All samples showed positive E-Cadherin expression with moderate to strong positivity. Highest positivity was observed at the level of stellate reticulum like cells, as they are closer to invasive font. Follicular type showed maximum immunoexpression (73.6%) significantly different from 25% of acanthomatous type. P value for E-Cadherin was calculated to be 0.156.
Conclusion: E-Cadherin showed positive results in all histological subtypes of ameloblastoma with maximum intensity in follicular type and minimum in acanthomatous type.
UNDESIRABLE BODY MASS INDEX PROFILES IN YOUNG ADULTS: NO ONE IS IMMUNE TO OBESITY EPIDEMIC IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Muhammad Zahid  , Anwar Khan Wazir  , Alamzeb Khan Jadoon  , Atif Ullah  , Durre Shehwar  , Muhammad Asif  , Muhammad Amjad Khan  , Muhammad Haris  , Sobia Haris  , Farah Deeba
Published: July 2023

Objective: To determine the prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity in young adults aged 17-24 years.
Materials and Methods: This cross sectional, descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Nowshera Medical College, Nowshera from June 2019 to November 2019 on 124 students aged 17-24 years. The participants were recruited in the study through random, consecutive sampling. After obtaining informed consent, the participants were subjected to measurement of height, weight and BMI for categorization as underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese as per WHO criteria.
Results: The mean age of the subjects was 20.70+ 1.42 years. The study group included 73 males & 51 females. 66.9 % of the participants had normal weight, 5.6 % were underweight while a significant 27.5% were found to be overweight or obese without any significant gender difference.
Conclusion: 33.1 % of the participants had undesirable BMI profile with obesity being commoner than underweight. No significant difference was noted between genders.
USE OF BUCCAL ADVANCEMENT FLAP FOR REPAIR OF OROANTRAL FISTULA: A CASE SERIES STUDY
Authors: Malik Ali Hassan Sajid  , Salman Ashraf  , Uzair Bin Akhtar  , Usman Ul Haq  , Saif Ullah  , Khushal Bimb
Published: July 2023

Objective: To evaluate the success rate of Buccal advancement Flap (BAF) in closure of Oroantral communication (OAC) and Fistula.
Materials and Methods: In this case-series study, buccal advancement flap (BAF) was used in 45 consecutive patients at Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Fatima Memorial Hospital Lahore for period of one year (May 2018-May2019). Male to female ratio was 2:1 and mean age=26 years. Right maxillary OAF of first and second molars presented more than left side (n=35, 77%). All defects were not more than 5mm. After application of flap, patients were evaluated for sign and symptoms of infection, wound dehiscence, loss of flap whether partial or complete and recurrence of oroantral fistula (OAF). Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20, INC, Chicago USA with descriptive analysis to derive percentages and frequencies for all variables.
Results: Thirty nine patients (86%) had successful healing of flap. Partial loss occurred in one patient (2.25%). Wound dehiscence was seen in two patients (4.45%). Complete loss of flap was also noted in two patients (4.45%). Recurrent OAF has occurred in one patient (2.25%).
Conclusion: BAF is a flap of choice for immediate closure of OAC and OAF of ≤5mm in the region of maxillary first and second molar. The technique is simple and vascular supply ensures the proper healing of flap. More work needs to be done to evaluate the causes for the partial or complete loss of the flap.
PERIODONTAL HEALTH AWARENESS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN REGARDING BIDIRECTIONAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GINGIVAL INFLAMMATION AND ADVERSE PREGNANCY OUTCOMES
Authors: Tariq Ali Khan  , Hussam  , Safia Rehmat  , Mahirah Iqbal  , Asim Qureshi  , Muhammad Zain  , Sultan Zeb Khan
Published: July 2023

Objective: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among 350 pregnant women to assess the level of their knowledge and awareness about bidirectional relationship between gingival inflammation and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Materials and Methods: A self-administered validated questionnaire was distributed to pregnant women visiting the tertiary care hospitals in Peshawar, Pakistan. The questionnaire included questions regarding their knowledge about bidirectional relationship between gingival inflammation (causes and treatment of the adverse effects of gingivitis on oral health of a woman and its preventive measures) and adverse pregnancy outcomes (preterm births and low birth weight babies).The data was entered into the Microsoft Excel sheet and applied to statistical analysis using SPSS (version 22). Descriptive analysis was used for comparison.
Results: Most pregnant women did not know about the development of pregnancy gingivitis during pregnancy, as well as causes, effects, treatments and precautions. Most subjects agreed that oral health education was essentially necessary before the onset of pregnancy.
Conclusion: Majority of pregnant women said that they were unaware about the development of pregnancy gingivitis during pregnancy, but few said they were aware of it. Therefore, efforts by general dentists, periodontists and medical professionals are needed to promote awareness among pregnant women about well-timed dental care to avoid any adverse pregnancy outcomes related to gingival inflammation.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF OXYGEN SATURATION LEVELS WITH CLINICAL AND LABORATORY PARAMETERS IN COVID-19 PATIENTS
Authors: Sadaf Waris  , Omair Farooq  , Atika Masood  , Asim Mumtaz  , Mohammad Khan  , Afifa Ashraf
Published: July 2023

Objective: The main objective of the current study was to identify clinical and laboratory parameters associated with hypoxemia in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was carried out in Farooq Hospital, West Wood, Lahore. A total of 188 COVID-19 positive patients admitted to the corona unit of our hospital were enrolled in this study. The diagnosis of COVID-19 was confirmed either by Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or clinical and imaging studies. Detailed demographic, clinical, laboratory and x-ray chest findings were recorded for each of these patients.
Results: Age, number of days in the hospital, and hypertension were found to be significant. Lymphocytes, neutrophil counts, urea, and C- Reactive Protein (CRP) were significantly associated with oxygen saturation levels, less than 92% in COVID-19 patients.
Conclusion: In this study, it was observed that hypoxemia was independently associated with clinical parameters and serum biomarkers. These may help/ guide in the clinical management of patients presenting with hypoxemia, particularly in a limited resource setting.
ASSESSMENT OF MANDIBULAR SYMPHYSIS MORPHOLOGY AND ITS DIMENSIONS IN DIFFERENT ANTEROPOSTERIOR SKELETAL RELATIONSHIPS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Amna Saeed  , Rehana Fayyaz  , Sohrab Shaheed  , Nasir Mushtaq
Published: July 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the mandibular symphysis morphology and its dimensions in different anteroposterior skeletal relationships, Class-I / Class-II/ Class III, in patients presented to orthodontics department of Rehman College of dentistry.

Materials and Methods: A total of 50 lateral cephalograms of patients (age > 18 years, mean age 22 years) irrespective of gender were randomly selected from patient’s records of the department. Measurements were taken on software IC Measure version 1.3. All the radiographs were imported into the software and analyzed. The image was digitized on six points for linear and angular measurements. The main outcome measure was the “mandibular symphysis morphology and its dimensions in anteroposterior plane” in all skeletal malocclusion classes.

Results: The relationship between the variables was assessed by one way ANOVA test. A larger angle of concavity of the chin, and larger MS dimensions and area (P <0.05) were found with a Class III skeletal relationship compared to Class I and Class II relationships. Males had a decreased angle of concavity than females. There were, however, no significant differences in the vertical dimension of MS and angle of convexity between the three groups.

Conclusion: Class III skeletal jaw relationship exhibits a decreased concavity of anterior contour of MS as compared to the other groups. Larger dimensions and area of MS are found in Class III than in class I and class II part of MS. It is clear from the results that the alveolar part of MS compensated for the skeletal relationship in the Class III pattern.

Keywords: Mandibular symphysis, anteroposterior skeletal relationships, digital cephalometric
PATTERNS OF TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA IN PATIENTS PRESENTING TO KHYBER COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY PESHAWAR
Authors: Bushra Jalil  , Umer Ullah  , Zainab Shah  , Atta Ur Rehman  , Muhammad Irfan Khan  , Tariq Sardar
Published: July 2023

Objectives: Trigeminal neuralgia is an extremely painful condition of unilateral face that is very difficult to diagnose. This study was conducted to evaluate the common peripheral branches involved in trigeminal neuralgia.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done at Oral and Maxillofacial surgery unit of Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar, from May 2018 to December 2018. Total of 266 patients diagnosed with trigeminal neuralgia were included. Pattern was identified on the basis of nerve branch involved. Chi-square test applied, where required, with p<0.05 considered significant.

Results: Out of the 266 patients, 158 (59.4%) were male and 152 (57.1%) belonging to age group 41 to 50 years. Overall right side was involved more commonly with 166 (62.4%) cases. In females right side was commonly involved while in males left side involvement was noted more commonly. Infraorbital nerves (n=117, 44%) and inferior alveolar nerves (n=108, 40.6%) were commonly involved. Association of nerve involved with age group, gender and side of face was statistically significant (p<0.001).

Conclusion: Trigeminal neuralgia is common in males in age range of 41-50 years. Infraorbital nerve is commonly involved in females while in males inferior alveolar nerve is commonly affected. Keywords: pattern, trigeminal nerve, neuralgia
EVALUATION OF PATIENT’S EXPECTATIONS BEFORE AND AFTER NONSURGICAL PERIODONTAL TREATMENT
Authors: Hussam  , Tariq Ali Khan  , Batool Zara  , Muhammad Zain  , Asim Qureshi  , Sultan Zeb Khan
Published: July 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare patient expectations before Nonsurgical Periodontal Treatment with their level of satisfaction afterward based on a self-reported questionnaire.

Materials and Methods: Information was obtained from 140 patients initially diagnosed with chronic periodontitis. The survey was completed twice by each patient, once before and once after NSPT. For sample size calculation, we used Open epi, the calculated sample size was 16, by taking pre expectation of the (functional) 5.0±3.0 and post expectation of the (functional) 9.1±1.7 by using a visual analog scale (VAS) while keeping 95% confidence interval and 90% power of the study but to take the normality assumption of the data we took 140 sample size for our research.

Results: Positive correlations was found between expectations and post treatment outcome for esthetics (Spearman’s rho = 0.671, p < .001). A positive correlation was also found between expectations and post treatment ratings for function (Spearman’s rho = 0.917%, p < .001). No significant association was found between esthetic and functional expectations, gender (p = .518 and p = .376), and educational level (p = .916 and p = .412).

Conclusion: The majority of the patients in our study who were young end educated were satisfied with NSPT received.

Keywords: Patients expectations, Periodontal treatment, Nonsurgical
INTERFERENCE FROM MULTIBAND RADIOFREQUENCY COMMUNICATION DEVICE (850-1900MHZ) ON ACCURACY OF 3RD GENERATION ELECTRONIC APEX LOCATOR ROOT ZX: AN IN VITRO STUDY
Authors: Syed Sohaib Daud Gilani  , Yasir Khan Khattak  , Asmat Ullah  , Mubbarah Nisar  , Farah khan  , Shafqat Ali Shah  , Shakeel Ur Rehman Khattak
Published: July 2023

Objectives: To determine the effect of electromagnetic radiations (emitted by Xiaomi Redmi Note 9 Pro Device) on working length determination of 3rd generation Electronic Apex Locator (RootZx).

Materials and Methods: Twenty nine intact, non-carious, single-rooted teeth were decoronated at the cementoenamel junction. Visually, working length was determined by using a#15 K-file and it was taken as standard length. The effect of cellular phones on electronic working length (EWL) was determined under 2 experimental settings: (1) in a closed room with poor signal strength and (2) in a polyclinic set up with good signal strength and 2 conditions: (a) electronically with cellular phone in standby mode (b) electronically, with mobile phone in physical contact with EAL and in calling mode for a period of 25 seconds. The EWL was measured 3 times per tooth under each condition. Stability of the readings was scored. The data was analyzed by using Microsoft Excel.

Results: The EWL measurements were not influenced by the presence of cellular phone and could be determined under all experimental conditions.

Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that mobile phones do not interfere with the EWL determination. Keyword: working length, apex locator, root canal, endodontics
PREVALENCE AND PREDICTORS OF SELF-MEDICATION PRACTICE WITH ANTIMICROBIALS IN PATIENTS VISITING PUBLIC SECTOR AT HOSPITAL KHAIRABAD DISTRICT NOWSHERA
Authors: Syed Sohaib Daud Gilani  , Yasir Khan Khattak  , Talwaat Shah  , Salman Rasheed  , Tauseef Ijaz  , Asad Habib  , Iftikhar Qayum
Published: July 2023

Objective: To determine the prevalence and patterns of self-medication with antimicrobial drugs among patients visiting public hospital in District Nowshera Northwestern Pakistan.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on patients attending Rural Health Center Khairabad District Nowshera from July to December 2019. The including criteria were: Males and females (non-doctors) attending the clinics aged between 18 and 60 years old, literate enough to read and write. Information regarding demographic characteristics, antimicrobial drugs use in past six months prior to the study were collected through self-administered questionnaires. The questionnaires written in Urdu and English language, were pretested and validated on a sample of 100 participants to determine the application time and to clarify possible questions from the study population. If antimicrobial drugs use was confirmed in the previous six months, supplementary information was asked: the name antimicrobial drug, the person who recommended the treatment and the disease treated with antimicrobial drugs. The collected data were registered in a database and analyzed using Spss.
Results: Response rate of 99.4 %( 750/746) was observed, out of 746 participants 43.70% were females and 56.30% were males. 39.81% participants had used antimicrobials prior to the survey in which 33.33% were from rural and 66.67% urban areas. Most common users were of middle education level. Oral and dental problems were leading cause of inappropriate antimicrobials use. Self- medication was most common in age group of 38 years to 47 years old. The most abused drug was Amoxicillin clavulanate. Maximal use was by personal judgment.
Conclusion: The results of this study confirm that self-medication with antimicrobial drugs is a relatively common practice among populace of north western District Nowshera Pakistan.
DIAGNOSTIC PRECISION OF FNAC FOR SALIVARY GLAND LESIONS
Authors: Shabana Naz  , AbdurRehman  , Shagufta Naeem  , Farhad Ali  , Khurshid Ali  , Sidra Maqbool  , Hamza Javed
Published: July 2023

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the validity of FNAC as a diagnostic investigation for salivary gland lesions (SGL) and to discuss the spectrum of SGL in our setup.
Materials and Methods: In the Pathology department of Ayub medical college and Advance laboratory Abbottabad, 82 salivary gland FNAC cases from Jan 2018 to June 2020 were studied to identify their cytological characteristic and correlated with histopathological findings.
Results: In this study, 82 patients with salivary gland swellings were included. The age range from 24-73 years with a mean age of 47 SD13yrs, with male to female ratio of 1.8:1. Among 82 cases non-neoplastic lesions constituted about 21 cases, neoplastic cases were 61. Out of which 52 cases were of pleomorphic adenoma,2 cases of within’s tumor, 3 cases were of adenoid cystic carcinoma, 2 mucoepidermoid carcinomas low grade, one each acinic cell carcinoma and follicular lymphoma. Histopathological correlation was available in all the neoplastic cases.
Conclusion: FNAC is an accurate and effective modality in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for diagnosing the SGL. Owing to its safety, affordability, and quick results, it should be considered as an investigation of the first choice for SGL before devising a definitive management plan. On the other hand, due to the overlap between the cytological features of certain salivary gland tumors, tissue biopsy for histopathology examination is the gold standard.
COMPARISON OF POSTOPERATIVE PAIN WITH AND WITHOUT APICAL PATENCY TECHNIQUE IN ASYMPTOMATIC IRREVERSIBLE PULPITIS TEETH: A RANDOMIZAD CONTRAL TRIAL
Authors: Asma Noreen  , Bushra Irum  , Rooshanay Haroon  , Rubab Maqbool Khan
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To compare postoperative pain in asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis teeth with and without apical patency application during root canal treatment.
Materials and Methods:
A randomized contral trial was carried at Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi started July 2013 to Jan 2014. A total of 150 teeth (75 in each group) were randomly divided in two groups. In group A apical patency was applied with smallest file (8 or 10 number K file) in between instrumentation up to the whole working length. In group B no apical patency file was used in between instrumentation to check for post opciative pain. SPSS versim 22 was used foranalysis.
Results:
Postoperative pain was significantly less in group-A when compared with group-B, 26 (34.7%) versus 42 (56.0%) with p value 0.009. Moderate pain was observed in 17 teeth (22.7%) of group-A and 21 teeth (28.0%) of group-B. Severe postoperative pain was seen in 3 teeth (4.0%) of group-A and 7 teeth (9.3%) of group-B. Unbearable pain was present in 6 teeth (8.0%) of group-A and 14 teeth (18.7%) of group-B.
Conclusion:
There was less postoperative pain in asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis teeth with apical patency application during root canal treatment.
ROOT CANAL MORPHOLOGY OF MANDIBULAR INCISORS IN PAKISTANI POPULATION USING CBCT
Authors: Hassam Anjum Mir  , Asad-ur-Rahman  , Mussab Irfan  , Inamullah Jan Khattak  , Akhla Nadeem Ahmed  , Fawad Ali Shah
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To find the incidence of two canals, and root canal morphology of mandibular incisors in Pakistani population thus preventing missed canals during endodontic procedures.
Materials and Methods:
100 CBCT scans taken in Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi, Pakistan were studied to determine the presence of second canal as well as determining the root canal morphology according to Vertucci’s classification, in mandibular incisors. The data was analyzed using SPSS 20.0.
Results:
Images of 400 mandibular incisors were observed. 73.8% of the incisors had one canal (Vertucci’s Type I) and 26.2% had two canals (Vertucci’s Type II 4%, Type III 20.4% and Type IV 1.7%).
Conclusion:
Overall, 26.2% incisors had two canals, so the dentists performing root canal treatment of mandibular incisors must be aware of this fact to avoid missed canal. CBCT can be used successfully to determine root canal configurations.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PATIENTS AGE, GENDER, LEVEL OF COOPERATION AND COMPLIANCE WITH ORTHODONTIC BRACKETS FAILURE
Authors: Ghulam Rasool  , Tahmeena Naz  , Ahsan Mehmood Shah  , Inamullah Jan Khattak  , Farhad Ali  , Iraj Mushtaq
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To determine association between patients age, gender, motivation for orthodontic treatment, level of cooperation and compliance with orthodontic bracket failure.
Materials and Methods:
About 100 patients of age 14 to 40 years who were fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected by lottery method at Khyber college of dentistry and were studied for 6 months( from February 2018 to August 2018). It was a cross sectional study. Sampling was done by non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Data was analyzed by spss 22. P value <0.05 was considered as significant.
Results:
Our result showed that the difference among gender in brackets debonding was significant in first three months (p value = 0.01) and was in significant in the next three months( P value=0.44, 0.21, 0.70 ) in 4th, 5th and 6th month respectively. Level of compliance showed siginificant results .no of brackets debonded after one month (31.48)having p value (0.00). The results for motivation for orthodontic treatment was significant ,no of brackets debonded after one month (109.442) having p value (0.01) and level of cooperation were also siginificant. No of brackets debonded after one month (129.47) having p value (0.01) .Differnt age groups showed that adult patients results in less number of brackets debonding.
Conclusion:
Patients of different age, gender and level of cooperation show different bracket failure rate. Adult patients with their own motivation and high compliance showed less brackets deboning. Similarly female patients showed less deboning.
MORPHOLOGICAL EFFECT OF NICOTINE ON RECONSTITUTED MODEL OF AN INFLAMED ORAL MUCOSA AN IN VITRO STUDY
Authors: Sheikh Muhammad Nauman , Asmat Ullah  , Sajid Hanif  , Faisal Pasha  , Muhammad Irfan khan  , Sadaf Rauf  , Zahur Qayyum
Published: July 2023

Objective:

To investigate the effect of nicotine on the morphology of an inflamed reconstituted oral mucosa in vitro when treated for 24 hours.

Materials and Methods:

This observational laboratory-based study focuses on the effects of nicotine on an in vitro reconstituted model oral mucosa. The reconstituted human epithelium model used in the study was prepared and supplied by Skin Ethic Laboratories, Nice, France. The effect of the different treatments of nicotine on tissue morphology was assessed using formalin-fixed paraffin wax sections and haematoxylin and eosin staining.

Results:

It was found that the effect of nicotine after 24 hours with working solutions (10μM and 10mM) used on inflamed oral mucosal did not significantly affect on gross morphology.

Conclusion:

The concentration of nicotine used after 24 hours did not affect tissue morphology.
TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDER AMONGST UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS OF DENTISTRY IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
Authors: Nighat Shafiq  , Mohammed Adnan Khan  , Aiman Khan  , Mohammad Imad Khan  , Khurshid Ali  , Sarah Sajjad
Published: July 2023

Objective:

To determine the frequency and severity of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) among male and female undergraduate students of dental colleges in KPK.

Methodology:

Totally 619 of differenct age groups students of four dental colleges in KPK were assessed for the present study started from march 2018 to Sept 2018 by using of cross sectional study design. The study was based on Fonseca’s anamnestic index FAI and its questionnaire, which is composed of 10 questions and classifies the severity of TMDs. The obtained data were coded and entered into Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. chi-square test was used for gender association with TMD.

Results:

About 72.3% of the undergraduate students had mild to severe TMD. 438 females and 181 were males. 168 (27.1%) had no TMD, 172 (27.8%) had mild TMD,255 (41.2% ) had moderate and 24 3.9% had severe TMDs in four age groups. The result showed that the TMD degree has a association with gender ( p=0.02) and no association in age groups (p=0.97) Moreover, a high TMD rate was observed among the students (72.3%). Chi-square analysis of the frequencies of responses to every question revealed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

This study revealed that there is association between TMD and gender. Most signs and symptoms associated with temporomandibular disorders appear to be more prevalent in women than in men, although age patterns for these signs and symptoms does not provide any association.
EFFECT OF ACIDS, FLUORIDES AND BRUSHING ON ENAMEL – AN IN-VITRO STUDY
Authors: Nausheen Neelofar , Tehmina Marwat  , Umar Nasir  , Nighat Shafiq  , Pashmina Nisar  , Wajiha Qamar
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To determine the effect of fluoride, citric acid and brushing on tooth enamel.
Materials and Methods:
This in vitro experimental study was conducted on 60 extracted premolars at Khyber College of Dentistry and Experimental procedure was performed at laboratory, Physics Department, Peshawar University. All maxillary and mandibular premolar teeth with normal tooth morphology extracted for orthodontic reasons and of both genders were included. Premolar teeth restored with fillings or crowns, pathologically affected teeth with caries, Amelogenesis/Dentinogensis Imperfecta, root canal treated teeth or teeth with surface loss (attrition, abrasion, erosion) were excluded from study. The effect on enamel was determined in term of weight change.Paired t test was applied to see the statistical evidence for difference in weight while Independent samples t test was applied to see the effect of different concentration of fluorides at p-value ≤ 0.05.
Results:
The weight of enamel decreased after immersion in citric acid (-4.134±139.34 mg), coke (-4.134±138.34 mg) and after brushing (-4.404±111.642 mg) statistically significantly (P<0.05). The increase in weight was statistically significant for 450 ppm fluoride (P=0.017) but insignificant after immersion in 225 ppm fluoride (P=.067).
Conclusion:
Fluoride should be routine part of oral hygiene measures. In patients who are more prone to cariogenic insults, especially physically handicapped and undergoing orthodontic treatment. The increased concentration of fluoride is recommended to enhance remineralization.
ESTABLISHMENT OF MULTIPLE MYELOMA CELL LINES WITH REDUCED EXPRESSION OF HEPATOCYTE GROWTH FACTOR USING RNAI APPROACH
Authors: Fouzia Qadir  , Anders Sudan  , Asad Jan  , Shagufta Sultana
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To establish the gene knockdown system (RNAi) using different Multiple Myeloma Cell lines (MMCL).
Material and Methods:
RNAi is generally used in biomedical research to study the outcome of knockdown of gene expression. In this research, retroviral-shRNA expression constructs based on micro RNA-adapted short hairpin RNA (sh RNA mir) were designed and constructed. The sequence of the cloned fragments in the vector constructs was determined, and the effect of constructs in MMCLs was examined using qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis.
Results:
In this work, we established a method for making retroviral-shRNA expression constructs based on micro RNA-adapted short hairpin RNA (sh RNA mir) design. The HGF producing human myeloma cell line JJN-3 transduced with lentiviral HGF-shRNA transduction particles were analyzed for their effect on the HGF gene expression. HGF knockdown MMCL was analyzed both at mRNA level and protein levels. Two out of five clones of myeloma cell line JJN-3 (JJN3-sh3308 and JJN3-sh47137) were transduced with lentiviral HGF–shRNA transduction particles were showing 50-60 % knockdown in their HGF mRNA and protein expression.
Conclusion:
HGF knockdown cell lines can be used as tissue culture models to investigate the role of HGF protein in the pathology of multiple myeloma. Further, the retroviral-HGF-shRNA expression constructs can study HGF response in various multiple myeloma via gene knockdown studies.
ORAL SIDE EFFECTS OF SYSTEMIC TREATMENT IN WOMEN WITH BREAST CANCER VISITING REHMAN MEDICAL INSTITUTE PESHAWAR: A CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY
Authors: Amjad Ali  , Muhammad Haroon  , Sajid Ali  , Kaisar Khan  , Sabreen Hassan
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To characterize the oral health in breast cancer survivors treated in the Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar.
Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Rehman Medical Institute Peshawar between Jan 2017 and June 2018 of women diagnosed with Breast Cancer who received care. Forty three patients were selected in both breast cancer groups as well as in control group. Initially diagnosed patients of breast cancer, followed by surgical therapy and additional radio and chemotherapy were included in this study. Whereas female patients who received (supplementary/solely) endocrine or immunological therapy were excluded from this study, similarly were the women with severe chronic diseases such as chronic heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other cancers. Statistical analysis analysis were performed with the SPSS , Version 22.0.
Results:
Unfavorable oral health status of women who received breast cancer treatment compared to the oral health status of the control group has been shown in this study.
Conclusion:
Results indicate a need for more education about the potential oral effects of breast cancer therapies and about providing the best possible care for patients undergoing breast cancer treatment.
PATTERN AND COMMON RISK FACTORS OF MAXILLOFACIAL FRACTURES IN ADULTS
Authors: Muhammad Irfan Khan  , Riaz Khan  , Muhammad Ilyas
Published: July 2023

Objective:

To dertemine the pattern and leading factors of maxillofacial trauma in adults.

Materials and Methods:

This was descriptive crossectional study which was carried out at the Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Khyber College of Dentistry Peshawar from 02 March, 2018 to 02 November, 2018. A total of 189 patients were selected. The age range was 17-60 years. Fire arm injured patients and those presenting after 24 hours of injury were excluded from this study. The data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 version. Pvalue ≤ 0.05 was taken as significance.

Results:

Amongst 189 patients, 156 (74.64%) were male and 47 (25.53%) were female. RTA was the leading factor with 108 (54.41%) followed by assaults 45 (23.80%) and falls 36 (19.04%).36 (19.04%) patients have pan facial fractures and 32 (16.93%) patients had zygomatic complex fractures while 26 (13.75%) patients had fracture maxilla, 11 (5.82%) patients had fracture mandible, 36 (19.04%) patients had frontal bone fractures. Mandibular Dentoalveolar Fractures were 16 (8.46%) while Maxillary Dentoalveolar Fracture 10 (5.29%), orbito Nasoethmoide Fracture was found to be 22 (11.64%).

Conclusion:

This study concluded that road traffic accidents were the leading factor which results in maxillofacial trauma.
FREQUENCY OF DIPLOPIA IN PATIENTS WITH ZYGOMATICOMAXILLARY COMPLEX(ZMC) FRACTURES REPORTED TO TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Khattak Jawad Ullah , Yasir Rehman  , Khadim Shah  , Annum Zamir  , Shagufta Sultana
Published: July 2023

Objective:

To determine the frequency of diplopia in patients with zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures reported to Tertiary care hospital.

Materials and Methods:

The study design was descriptive cross sectional and was conducted in oral and maxillofacial surgery unit Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar and duration was 6 months from 4th june 2018 till 4th December 2018. Chi square test was used for association of diplopia with age & gender. Pvalue <0.05 was taken is siginificent.

Results:

Out of total 126 patiens, 30(23.80%) were recorded in 15-30 years age groups while mostly 60 (47.61%) were recorded in 31-45 years of age grpups must of the participants were 108 (85.71%) male. As per Zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures, 22 (17.46%) patients were recorded with Diplopia out of 126 patients.

Conclusion:

As Zygomatic bone plays an important role in facial contour therefore with the help of this study we have been able to understand the etiologies and characteristics of ZMC fractures such as diplopia thus forming a foundation to properly diagnose and treat it, and to reduce its incidence in this region.
PONTIC DESIGNS AND SOFT TISSUE HEALTH IN PATIENTS WEARING CONVENTIONAL METAL CERAMIC FIXED DENTAL PROSTHESES AT KING KHALID UNIVERSITY DENTAL CLINICS
Authors: Fahim Ullah  , Asmat Ullah  , Robina Tasleem  , Muhammad Irfan khan  , Sadia Akram  , Asma Begum
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To determine the frequency of various pontic designs used in con- ventional metal-ceramic fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) and its effects on the health of soft tissues.
Materials and Methods:
This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at the Prostho- dontics clinics of College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from October 2017 to June 2018. Data were collected on a well-designed questionnaire from a total of 97 patients presenting at the clinics and satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria by discussion and clinical examination methods. SPSS verion 19 was used for analysis P<0.05 was taken as significent.
Results:
A total of 97 patients from out-patient clinics were selected (56 males and 41 females) with an age range of 18-74 years  (Mean  age = 39.83±11.20 Years). Ridge-lap was the most common (51.5%) type of the pontic design used in FDPs. A considerable number (40.2%) presented with subnormal tissue health under the pontics.
Conclusion:
Dental practitioners in the region provide FDPs with unsuitable pontic design (ridge-lap).
THE NEED FOR A COLLABORATIVE APPROACH IN RESEARCH
Authors: Basheer Rehman
Published: July 2023

In the modern scientific world, scientists depend and survive on their extensive collaborations with colleagues. Sharing specialized reagents, techniques and expertise are the engine that accelerates their projects and creates new ideas and scientific breakthroughs. The presence of established channels of effective communication, stable partnerships and broad networks between academics allows critical information to flow between them. While collaboration has been an integral part of research for a long time, the nature of collaboration appears to be evolving form partnerships within the disciplines/institutions to an interdisciplinary/multi-contextual collaboration. This approach has stimulated the pace of research and encouraged the development of innovative and groundbreaking strategies in increasingly new and complex fields.Scientists and researchers need to change their attitudes to adapt to a culture of cooperation. Partnership among researchers ensures that their knowledge, skills and techniques are made available to everyone interested and mutually benefit the participants. The more researchers collaborate, the greater are the chances for success and problem solving. In developing countries like Pakistan, where world-class resources are extremely limited, collaboration becomes especially helpful in acquiring knowledge and experience. It is important to have such approach, not only in sharing knowledge but also in making equipment, facilities, and laboratories available to other researchers even if they belong to another institution.
FREQUENCY OF DENTAL CARIES IN TYPE 2 DIABETICS VERSUS NON- DIABETICS A CROSS- SECTIONAL STUDY IN PRIVATE HOSPITALS OF KARACHI
Authors: Talha M Siddiqui  , Aisha Wali  , Murtaza Nazar  , Ahmad Masaud  , Wali Rahman
Published: July 2023

Objective:

The current study was conducted to assess the frequency of dental caries in type 2 diabetics versus non-diabetics.

Materials and Methods:

A cross sectional study was conducted from August2018-October 2018 amongst Type II Diabetics and non- diabetics attending the Diabetic Outpatient Department (OPD) in Baqai Institute of Diabetology, Nazimabad and out -patient Department of Oral Diagnosis, Baqai Dental College. The sample size was estimated using Open Epi version 3.03a by taking 27% prevalence rate with 95% confidence interval and α =5%. The sample size calculated is 300.A consecutive sampling method was done and 150 patients with type II diabetes and 150 non- diabetic patients were examined. Data was analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 22.

Results:

The frequency of dental caries in type II diabetic patients was found to be 42.7% and 42% in non-diabetic patients. The results were statistically significant.

Conclusion:

There is an association between dental caries and type II diabetes mellitus but there was less difference reported in prevalence of dental caries amongst diabetics and non- diabetics.
FREQUENCY OF ORAL LICHEN PLANUS IN HEPTITIS C VIRUS PATIEN VISITING PESHAWAR DENTAL COLLEGE
Authors: Muhammad Younas  , Muhammad Irshad  , Muhammad Nisar  , Munawar Aziz Khattak  , Momena Rashid  , Qazi Javed Akhter
Published: July 2023

Objective:

The objective of this study was to find out the frequency of Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) in Hepatitis C virus (HCV) visiting Peshawar dental college. Study design: Descriptive Cross Sectional Study. Setting: Oral Medicine Department of Peshawar Dental College. Period: August 2013 to March 2018.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 250 patients were included in this study. All patients visiting Oral Medicine Department Peshawar Dental College having HCV, included in this study were examined for OLP. The diagnosis of OLP was made on the basis of its clinical features and histopathology. A predesigned proforma was used for the OLP.

Results:

Out of 250 patients having HCV, 45 (18%) patients were having OLP. The common age of presentation was third and fourth decade. Average age of patients was 45.81 years with SD± 10.7 years. Male to Female ratio was 2:1. Most common OLP pattern was Reticular type (44%) followed by Erosive type 22%. Most common site was Buccal Mucosa having 77.8% involvement followed by Lip 11.1%, Tongue 4.4% and Floor of Mouth 4.4%.

Conclusion:

HCV has Extra Hepatic Manifestations like OLP.