bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leptospiral Outer Membrane Proteins OmpL1 and LipL41 Exhibit Synergistic Immunoprotection
Authors: Haake David A. , Mazel Mary K. , McCoy Adam M. , Milward Frank , Chao Garlo , Matsunaga James , Wagar Elizabeth A.
Published: April 2020

New vaccine strategies are needed for prevention of leptospirosis, a widespread human and veterinary disease caused by invasive spirochetes belonging to the genusLeptospira. We have examined the immunoprotective capacity of the leptospiral porin OmpL1 and the leptospiral outer membrane lipoprotein LipL41 in the Golden Syrian hamster model of leptospirosis. Specialized expression plasmids were developed to facilitate expression of leptospiral proteins inEscherichia colias the membrane-associated proteins OmpL1-M and LipL41-M. Although OmpL1-M expression is highly toxic inE. coli, this was accomplished by using plasmid pMMB66-OmpL1, which has undetectable background expression without induction. LipL41-M expression and processing were enhanced by altering its lipoprotein signal peptidase cleavage site to mimic that of the murein lipoprotein. Active immunization of hamsters withE. colimembrane fractions containing a combination of OmpL1-M and LipL41-M was found to provide significant protection against homologous challenge withLeptospira kirschneriserovar grippotyphosa. At 28 days after intraperitoneal inoculation, survival in animals vaccinated with both proteins was 71% (95% confidence interval [CI], 53 to 89%), compared with only 25% (95% CI, 8 to 42%) in the control group (P< 0.001). On the basis of serological, histological, and microbiological assays, no evidence of infection was found in the vaccinated survivors. The protective effects of immunization with OmpL1-M and LipL41-M were synergistic, since significant levels of protection were not observed in animals immunized with either OmpL1-M or LipL41-M alone. In contrast to immunization with the membrane-associated forms of leptospiral proteins, hamsters immunized with His6-OmpL1 and His6-LipL41 fusion proteins, either alone or in combination, were not protected. These data indicate that the manner in which OmpL1 and LipL41 associates with membranes is an important determinant of immunoprotection.
Calgranulin C Has Filariacidal and Filariastatic Activity
Authors: Gottsch John D. , Eisinger Steven W. , Liu Sammy H. , Scott Alan L.
Published: April 2020

The calgranulins are a family of calcium- and zinc-binding proteins produced by neutrophils, monocytes, and other cells. Calgranulins are released during inflammatory responses and have antimicrobial activity. Recently, one of the calgranulins, human calgranulin C (CaGC), has been implicated as an important component of the host responses that limit the parasite burden during filarial nematode infections. The goal of this work was to test the hypothesis that human CaGC has biologic activity against filarial parasites.Brugia malayimicrofilariae and adults were exposed in vitro to 0.75 to 100 nM recombinant human CaGC. Recombinant CaGC affected adult and larval parasites in a dose-dependent fashion. Microfilariae were more sensitive to the action of CaGC than were adult parasites. At high levels, CaGC was both macrofilariacidal and microfilariacidal. At lower levels, the percentage of parasites killed was dependent on the level of CaGC in the culture system. The larvae not killed had limited motility. The filariastatic effect of low-level CaGC was reversed when the CaGC was removed from the culture system. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that human CaGC accumulated in the cells of the hypodermis-lateral chord of adult and larval parasites. The antifilarial activity of CaGC was not due to the sequestration of zinc. Thus, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that result in the production and release of CaGC in humans may play a key role in the regulation of filarial parasite numbers.
Theileria annulatain CD5+Macrophages and B1 B Cells
Authors: Moreau Marie-Françoise , Thibaud Jean-Laurent , Miled Leila Ben , Chaussepied Marie , Baumgartner Martin , Davis William C. , Minoprio Paola , Langsley Gordon
Published: April 2020

Theileriaparasites infect and transform bovine leukocytes. We have analyzed laboratory-establishedTheileriasp.-infected leukocyte lines and observed that transformed macrophages express CD5. Low-level expression of CD5 by macrophages was further confirmed on three independentTheileria annulataclinical isolates from Tunisia. Interestingly, the fourth CD5+clinical isolate (MB2) was morphologically different, expressed surface immunoglobulin M (IgM) and BoLA class II, and had rearranged Ig light-chain genes. To demonstrate that MB2 did indeed contain CD5+B cells, individual clonal lines were obtained by limiting dilution, and CD5 expression and Ig gene rearrangement were confirmed. This suggests that in natural infectionsT. annulatacan invade and transform CD5+B cells.
Anthrax Spores Make an Essential Contribution to Vaccine Efficacy
Authors: Brossier Fabien , Levy Martine , Mock Michèle
Published: April 2020

Anthrax is caused by
Bacillus anthracis
, a gram-positive spore-forming bacterium. Septicemia and toxemia rapidly lead to death in infected mammal hosts. Currently used acellular vaccines against anthrax consist of protective antigen (PA), one of the anthrax toxin components. However, in experimental animals such vaccines are less protective than live attenuated strains. Here we demonstrate that the addition of formaldehyde-inactivated spores (FIS) of
B. anthracis
to PA elicits total protection against challenge with virulent
B. anthracis
strains in mice and guinea pigs. The toxin-neutralizing activities of sera from mice immunized with PA alone or PA plus FIS were similar, suggesting that the protection conferred by PA plus FIS was not only a consequence of the humoral response to PA. A PA-deficient challenge strain was constructed, and its virulence was due solely to its multiplication. Immunization with FIS alone was sufficient to protect mice partially, and guinea pigs totally, against infection with this strain. This suggests that spore antigens contribute to protection. Guinea pigs and mice had very different susceptibilities to infection with the nontoxigenic strain, highlighting the importance of verifying the pertinence of animal models for evaluating anthrax vaccines.
Near-Complete Genome Sequences of New Strains of
Nylanderia Fulva Virus 1
from Solenopsis invicta
Authors: Allen Margaret L.
Published: April 2020

Nylanderia fulva virus 1
(NfV-1) is a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus that infects the tawny crazy ant. Three near-complete genomes of NfV-1SI (92% to 94% nucleotide identity to reference strain NfV-1) found infecting the red imported fire ant were determined. The genomes have 10,904 to 10,918 nucleotides and include most of the coding region for the polyprotein.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Lineage IV Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus from Turkey, 2018
Authors: Hacıoğlu Sabri , King Simon , Çizmeci Şirin Gülsün , Yeşil Öznur , Flannery John , Baron Michael D. , Batten Carrie , Rajko-Nenow Paulina Z.
Published: April 2020

We report the whole-genome sequence of a peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) from a lamb exhibiting clinical signs in Turkey in September 2018. The genome of PPRV/Turkey/Central_Anatolia/2018 shows the highest nucleotide sequence identity (97.63%) to PPRV isolated in Turkey in 2000.
Genome Sequences of Both Organelles of the Grapevine Rootstock Cultivar ‘Börner’
Authors: Frommer Bianca , Holtgräwe Daniela , Hausmann Ludger , Viehöver Prisca , Huettel Bruno , Töpfer Reinhard , Weisshaar Bernd
Published: April 2020

Genomic long reads of the interspecific grapevine rootstock cultivar ‘Börner’ (
Vitis riparia
GM183 ×
Vitis cinerea
Arnold) were used to assemble its chloroplast and mitochondrion genome sequences. We annotated 133 chloroplast and 172 mitochondrial genes, including the RNA editing sites. The organelle genomes in ‘Börner’ were maternally inherited from
Vitis riparia
.
From extension to tectonic inversion: Mid-Cretaceous onset of Andean-type orogeny in the Lhasa block and early topographic growth of Tibet
Authors: Wang Jian-Gang , Hu Xiumian , Garzanti Eduardo , BouDagher-Fadel Marcelle K. , Liu Zhi-Chao , Li Juan , Wu Fu-Yuan
Published: April 2020

Recent studies have indicated that an Andean-type orogen (Lhasaplano) developed on the Lhasa block in the Cretaceous during northward subduction of Neo-Tethyan oceanic lithosphere. When and how uplift of the Lhasaplano began, however, has remained controversial. This article integrates stratigraphic, sedimentological, tectonic, and provenance data from the latest marine to nonmarine strata in the Linzhou Basin to pinpoint the early topographic growth in southern Tibet. The Takena Formation mainly consists of lagoonal carbonates and mudstones yielding foraminiferal assemblages of Early Aptian age (ca. 123–119.5 Ma). The conformably overlying lower member of the Shexing Formation, mainly deposited in fluvial environments, was fed by volcanic and sedimentary rock fragments from the north Lhasa terrane. Clasts of the Gangdese arc to the south firstly appeared in the middle member and became dominant in the upper member of the Shexing Formation. By contrast, coarse grained, braided river facies occur in the uppermost part of the Shexing Formation, where detritus was mostly recycled from Paleozoic strata of north Lhasa, with minor volcaniclastic contribution from the Gangdese arc. Basin analysis indicates accelerating subsidence and sedimentation rates during deposition of Takena to middle Shexing strata (ca. 125–108 Ma), followed by steady subsidence during deposition of upper Shexing strata (ca. 108–96 Ma). Given this regional tectonic and sedimentary evidence, such an evolution is interpreted to reflect tectonic extension followed by thermal subsidence. Basin inversion and regional compression initiated during deposition of the uppermost Shexing strata (ca. 96 Ma), as indicated by active thrust faults and widespread accumulation of syntectonic conglomerates in the western part of the Lhasa block. This event marked the beginning of the Andean-type orogeny in southern Tibet. Such a paleotectonic evolution, from extension to tectonic inversion, is also documented in the Andes mountain range. It may be typical of the early stage growth of Andean-type active continental margins.
Use of electronic medical records in development and validation of risk prediction models of hospital readmission: systematic review
Authors: Mahmoudi Elham , Kamdar Neil , Kim Noa , Gonzales Gabriella , Singh Karandeep , Waljee Akbar K
Published: April 2020

Objective

To provide focused evaluation of predictive modeling of electronic medical record (EMR) data to predict 30 day hospital readmission.

Design

Systematic review.

Data source

Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus from January 2015 to January 2019.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies

All studies of predictive models for 28 day or 30 day hospital readmission that used EMR data.

Outcome measures

Characteristics of included studies, methods of prediction, predictive features, and performance of predictive models.

Results

Of 4442 citations reviewed, 41 studies met the inclusion criteria. Seventeen models predicted risk of readmission for all patients and 24 developed predictions for patient specific populations, with 13 of those being developed for patients with heart conditions. Except for two studies from the UK and Israel, all were from the US. The total sample size for each model ranged between 349 and 1 195 640. Twenty five models used a split sample validation technique. Seventeen of 41 studies reported C statistics of 0.75 or greater. Fifteen models used calibration techniques to further refine the model. Using EMR data enabled final predictive models to use a wide variety of clinical measures such as laboratory results and vital signs; however, use of socioeconomic features or functional status was rare. Using natural language processing, three models were able to extract relevant psychosocial features, which substantially improved their predictions. Twenty six studies used logistic or Cox regression models, and the rest used machine learning methods. No statistically significant difference (difference 0.03, 95% confidence interval −0.0 to 0.07) was found between average C statistics of models developed using regression methods (0.71, 0.68 to 0.73) and machine learning (0.74, 0.71 to 0.77).

Conclusions

On average, prediction models using EMR data have better predictive performance than those using administrative data. However, this improvement remains modest. Most of the studies examined lacked inclusion of socioeconomic features, failed to calibrate the models, neglected to conduct rigorous diagnostic testing, and did not discuss clinical impact.
Effectiveness of nicotine replacement therapy sample at outdoor smoking hotspots for initiating quit attempts and use of smoking cessation services: a protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Cheung Yee Tak Derek , Chan Ching Han Helen , Ho Kin Sang , Tang Celeste , Lau Chloe Wing Hei , Li William Ho Cheung , Wang Man Ping , Lam Tai Hing
Published: April 2020

Introduction

More than half of the smoking population in Hong Kong are unmotivated to quit. Only about 2% of tobacco users in the territory have ever used cessation aids such as nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). The present study aims to assess the effectiveness of delivering 1-week free NRT sample plus brief intervention to smokers at outdoor smoking hotspots on quit attempts and use of smoking cessation services.

Methods and analysis

This is a two-arm, pragmatic, multisite, cluster randomised controlled trial (RCT) on the effectiveness of increasing quit attempts, use of cessation service and recruitment outcomes. Trained smoking cessation ambassadors will approach smokers at outdoor smoking hotspots, and deliver brief smoking cessation advice. Recruitment sessions are randomised to intervention or control group (allocation ratio 1:1). Participants in the intervention group (n=550) will receive 1-week free NRT sample (either patch or gum), brief medication advice from an onsite nurse and cessation service referral, whereas participants in control group (n=275) will only receive the brief advice and service referral. The primary outcomes are the proportion of participants who enrol in any cessation service in Hong Kong within 1 month of the recruitment, and the proportion of participants who report quit attempts at 1-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes include self-reported use of NRT, self-reported 7-day tobacco abstinence, 30-day abstinence at 3 months and 6 months, biochemically validated abstinence at 6 months, perceived importance, difficulty and confidence to quit (scale 0–10), and Incremental Behavior Change towards Smoking Cessation. Process outcomes include number of smokers who will be approached, will accept the brief smoking cessation advice or be recruited to participate in the RCT.

Ethics and dissemination

The Institutional Review Board of the University of Hong Kong/Hospital Authority Hong Kong West Cluster approved the trial (UW 18-118). Findings will be disseminated through funding website, publication and conference presentations.

Trial registration number

NCT03717051
Circulating endothelial cell derived microvesicles are elevated with hypertension and associated with endothelial dysfunction
Authors: Stockelman Kelly A. , Hijmans Jamie G. , Bammert Tyler D. , Greiner Jared J. , Stauffer Brian L. , DeSouza Christopher A.
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine (1) if circulating endothelial microvesicles (EMVs) are elevated in hypertensive adults and (2) whether circulating EMVs are associated with hypertension-related endothelial vasodilator dysfunction. Circulating EMVs (CD31+/42b–) were determined in 30 middle-aged adults (55 ± 1 years): 15 normotensive (10 males, 5 females; blood pressure 114/71 ± 2/1 mm Hg) and 15 hypertensive (10 males, 5 females; blood pressure 142/87 ± 2/2 mm Hg). Forearm blood flow (FBF) (via plethysmography) was assessed by intra-arterial infusion of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside. Circulating EMVs were ∼65% higher (P < 0.05) in hypertensive (157 ± 10 EMVs/μL) than in normotensive (96 ± 10 EMVs/μL) adults. FBF to acetylcholine was significantly lower (∼30%) in the hypertensive group (from 5.0 ± 0.4 to 11.8 ± 0.8 mL·100 mL tissue–1·min–1 versus from 4.4 ± 0.2 to 15.6 ± 0.8 mL·100 mL tissue–1·min–1). Circulating EMVs were inversely associated with vasodilation (r = –0.65; P < 0.05). Hypertension is associated with elevated circulating levels of EMVs. EMVs may serve as a biomarker of, and contribute to, blood pressure related endothelial dysfunction.
Mass and decay properties of double heavy baryons with a phenomenological potential model
Authors: Rahmani S. , Hassanabadi H. , Sobhani H.
Published: April 2020

We consider baryons in a nonrelativistic quark model, find the wave function and masses of the baryons with two heavy quarks including $$\Xi _{bc}(bcu)$$Ξbc(bcu), $$\Xi _{cc}(ccu)$$Ξcc(ccu), $$\Xi _{bb}(bbu)$$Ξbb(bbu), $$\Omega _{bb}(bbs)$$Ωbb(bbs), $$\Omega _{bc}(bcs)$$Ωbc(bcs) and $${\Omega _{cc}}(ccs)$$Ωcc(ccs). We calculate magnetic moments of these baryons. Using transition magnetic moments, we obtain the radiative decay widths for double heavy baryons. Then we calculate some of the semileptonic decay widths of these baryons. Our results are compared with other theoretical predictions.
Childhood Obesity and Overweight in Ghana: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Akowuah Prince Kwaku , Kobia-Acquah Emmanuel
Published: April 2020

The increasing prevalence of childhood obesity and overweight is considered a public health issue in both developed and developing countries. This systematic review and meta-analysis estimates the prevalence of childhood obesity and overweight in Ghana. A multiple database search was conducted for articles published between January 1, 2001, and October 31, 2019, reporting the prevalence of childhood obesity and overweight in Ghana. Databases searched include PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Cochrane Library, World Health Organization (WHO) Library Information System, and Africa Journals Online. Data were pooled from the articles to calculate an overall estimate of childhood obesity and overweight using a random-effects model after variance stabilization with Freeman–Tukey double arcsine transformation. This review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Sixteen studies with a combined sample size of 29,160 were included in the review. Analysis indicates that approximately 19% of children in Ghana either have obesity or are overweight. The prevalence of childhood obesity and overweight was 8.6% (95% CI: 4.8%–13.4%) and 10.7% (95% CI: 5.9%–16.6%), respectively. Although not significant, higher obesity (4.6% vs. 2.6%) and overweight (11.0% vs. 7.2%) prevalence were estimated for females than for males. There was a significantly higher obesity prevalence estimate (17.4% vs. 8.9%) in rural settings than in urban settings (p=0.0255). The high prevalence of childhood obesity and overweight estimated in this review is of worrying concern. It is a significant public health problem that has implications on the health of present and future generations in Ghana and as such calls for proactive measures to be put in place. Also, the driving forces behind the increasing prevalence of childhood obesity in Ghana need to be investigated.
Antibacterial Activity of Rationally Designed Antimicrobial Peptides
Authors: Tincho Marius B. , Morris Thureyah , Meyer Mervin , Pretorius Ashley
Published: April 2020

Many infectious diseases are still prevalent in the world’s populations since no effective treatments are available to eradicate them. The reasons may either be the antibiotic resistance towards the available therapeutic molecules or the slow rate of producing adequate therapeutic regimens to tackle the rapid growth of new infectious diseases, as well as the toxicity of current treatment regimens. Due to these reasons, there is a need to seek and develop novel therapeutic regimens to reduce the rapid scale of bacterial infections. Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) are components of the first line of defense for prokaryotes and eukaryotes and have a wide range of activities against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, fungi, cancer cells, and protozoa, as well as viruses. In this study, peptides which were initially identified for their HIV inhibitory activity were further screened for antibacterial activity through determination of their kinetics as well as their cytotoxicity. From the results obtained, the MICs of two AMPs (Molecule 3 and Molecule 7) were 12.5 μg/ml forK. pneumoniae(ATCC 700603) and 6.25 μg/ml forP.aeruginosa(ATCC 22108). The two AMPs killed these bacteria rapidlyin vitro, preventing bacterial growth within few hours of treatment. Furthermore, the cytotoxic activity of these two peptides was significantly low, even at an AMP concentration of 100 μg/ml. These results revealed that Molecule 3 and 7 have great potential as antibacterial drugs or could serve as lead compounds in the design of therapeutic regimens for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Test-Retest Reliability of a Food Frequency Questionnaire to Assess Seafood Intake Dynamics for High-End Consumers in Coastal Gulf of Mexico Communities
Authors: Charles-Ayinde Makyba K. , Stuchal Leah D. , Mathews Anne E. , Kane Andrew S.
Published: April 2020

Background. Estimates for fish and shellfish intake are used to inform communities and healthcare systems about potential health risks and benefits for individuals, communities, and vulnerable populations. A dietary assessment instrument was designed for use in populations of high-end consumers of seafood to examine intake of finfish, shrimp, oysters, and blue crab in coastal communities across the Gulf of Mexico. Objective. To validate the reliability of a novel food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for seafood intake. Design. Test-retest reliability of the FFQ, which included a species-specific photographic portion guide, was evaluated by the inperson administration and readministration of the instrument with each participant by the same interviewer. Responses from coastal and noncoastal participants were compared to discern FFQ reliability in heterogeneous samples. Participants/setting. A convenience sample of 27 coastal participants from Cedar Key, Steinhatchee, and Apalachicola, Florida, reported data for 101 household members; and 15 noncoastal participants from Gainesville, Florida, reported for 42 household members. Analysis. Repeated measures from the FFQ were evaluated using correlation concordance for continuous variables (age, weight, and height) and kappa coefficient for categorical variables (type, amount, and frequency of seafood consumed). Results. Concordance correlation coefficient (1.00) and kappa coefficient (r = 0.73 to 1.00) for yearly and seasonal seafood consumption indicated substantial to almost perfect reproducibility, i.e., participants provided responses that were reproducible. Test-retest agreement was highest for coastal participants who consumed more seafood, as compared to occasional, noncoastal consumers, based on the intergroup comparison of kappa coefficients for yearly and seasonal seafood consumption (r = 0.69 to 0.99). Conclusions. The seafood FFQ instrument evaluated in this study, included as a supplement to this report, used in tandem with a photographic portion guide, provides a utilitarian tool for assessing fish, shrimp, oyster, and blue crab intake dynamics in adult and youth populations drawn from coastal communities.
Dentinal Microcrack Formation after Root Canal Instrumentation by XP-Endo Shaper and ProTaper Universal: A Microcomputed Tomography Evaluation
Authors: Alkahtany Sarah M. , Al-Madi Ebtissam M.
Published: April 2020

Aim. To evaluate dentinal microcrack formation on root canals instrumented, continuously in the body temperature, with XP-endo shaper (XPES) and ProTaper Universal (PTU), by means of microcomputed tomographic (micro-CT) analysis. Methodology. Nineteen mesial roots with two separate canals (Vertucci Type IV) of extracted mandibular molars were used in this study. The root canals (N = 38) were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 (n = 19): all MB canals were instrumented with XPES. Group 2 (n = 19): all ML canals were instrumented with PTU. All roots were scanned with micro-CT before and after instrumentation. Two precalibrated examiners evaluated the cross-sectional images of each sample with DataViewer program. The dentinal microcracks (complete and incomplete) were counted in each third of the root for the preinstrumentation and the postinstrumentation images. Wilcoxin signed-rank and Mann–Whitney U tests were used for statistical analysis at a significance level of P<0.05. Results. The number of microcracks increased significantly (P<0.05) after instrumentation with XPES in the middle and cervical thirds. The number of microcracks increased significantly (P<0.05) after instrumentation with PTU in the cervical third only. There was no significant difference between the groups in the cervical and apical thirds. In the middle third, the XPES induced more incomplete microcracks than PTU (P<0.05). Conclusion. Within the limitations of this study, there was no significant difference in the dentinal microcrack formation between XPES and PTU in the apical and cervical thirds of the root. However, XPES instrumentation induced more incomplete microcracks than PTU in the middle third of human roots.
Space Radiation Biology for “Living in Space”
Authors: Furukawa Satoshi , Nagamatsu Aiko , Nenoi Mitsuru , Fujimori Akira , Kakinuma Shizuko , Katsube Takanori , Wang Bing , Tsuruoka Chizuru , Shirai Toshiyuki , Nakamura Asako J. , Sakaue-Sawano Asako , Miyawaki Atsushi , Harada Hiroshi , Kobayashi Minoru , Kobayashi Junya , Kunieda Takekazu , Funayama Tomoo , Suzuki Michiyo , Miyamoto Tatsuo , Hidema Jun , Yoshida Yukari , Takahashi Akihisa
Published: April 2020

Space travel has advanced significantly over the last six decades with astronauts spending up to 6 months at the International Space Station. Nonetheless, the living environment while in outer space is extremely challenging to astronauts. In particular, exposure to space radiation represents a serious potential long‐term threat to the health of astronauts because the amount of radiation exposure accumulates during their time in space. Therefore, health risks associated with exposure to space radiation are an important topic in space travel, and characterizing space radiation in detail is essential for improving the safety of space missions. In the first part of this review, we provide an overview of the space radiation environment and briefly present current and future endeavors that monitor different space radiation environments. We then present research evaluating adverse biological effects caused by exposure to various space radiation environments and how these can be reduced. We especially consider the deleterious effects on cellular DNA and how cells activate DNA repair mechanisms. The latest technologies being developed, e.g., a fluorescent ubiquitination‐based cell cycle indicator, to measure real‐time cell cycle progression and DNA damage caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation are presented. Progress in examining the combined effects of microgravity and radiation to animals and plants are summarized, and our current understanding of the relationship between psychological stress and radiation is presented. Finally, we provide details about protective agents and the study of organisms that are highly resistant to radiation and how their biological mechanisms may aid developing novel technologies that alleviate biological damage caused by radiation. Future research that furthers our understanding of the effects of space radiation on human health will facilitate risk‐mitigating strategies to enable long‐term space and planetary exploration.
Association of LEI0258 Marker Alleles and Susceptibility to Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus Infection in Kuroiler, Sasso, and Local Tanzanian Chicken Embryos
Authors: Mpenda Fulgence Ntangere , Tiambo Christian Keambou , kyallo Martina , Juma John , Pelle Roger , Lyantagaye Sylvester Leonard , Buza Joram
Published: April 2020

Newcastle disease (ND) control by vaccination and an institution of biosecurity measures is less feasible in backyard chicken in developing countries. Therefore, an alternative disease control strategy like the genetic selection of less susceptible chicken genotypes is a promising option. In the present study, genetic polymorphism of LEIO258 marker and association with susceptibility to virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infection in Kuroilers, Sasso, and local Tanzanian chicken embryos were investigated. Samples from high (15%) and less (15%) susceptible cohorts were genotyped by sequencing of LEI0258 marker. A total of 75 DNA sequences comprised of 29 Kuroiler, 29 local Tanzanian chickens, and 17 Sasso were analyzed. Neighbor-joining phylogenetic trees were constructed to depict the clustering of LEI0258 marker alleles and relationship with susceptibility. Alleles with frequency ≥3 were considered for association with susceptibility by the use of the inference technique. The present findings suggest that some LEI0258 marker genetic polymorphisms apart from LEI0258 marker allelic based on sizes may be linked with chicken MHC-B haplotypes that confer chickens variability in resistance or susceptibility to infections. Furthermore, these results demonstrate the presence of relationship between LEI0258 marker polymorphisms and variations in chicken susceptibility to NDV infection, which could be utilized in breeding programs designed to improve chicken disease resistance.
Increased Expression of BIRC2, BIRC3, and BIRC5 from the IAP Family in Mesenchymal Stem Cells of the Umbilical Cord Wharton’s Jelly (WJSC) in Younger Women Giving Birth Naturally
Authors: Gil-Kulik Paulina , Świstowska Małgorzata , Kondracka Adrianna , Chomik Piotr , Krzyżanowski Arkadiusz , Kwaśniewska Anna , Rahnama Mansur , Kocki Janusz
Published: April 2020

The knowledge of factors affecting the viability as well as proliferation and therapeutic potential of perinatal stem cells is of great importance for the decisions concerning their collection, multiplication, and storing. The aim of this work is to evaluate the expression of the BIRC2, BIRC3, and BIRC5 genes at the level of transcription in mesenchymal stem cells derived from the umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly. The study examined the relationship between the expression level of the studied genes and selected biophysical parameters of umbilical blood: pH, pCO2, pO2, and cHCO3. Moreover, the relationship between the pregnant age, the type of delivery (natural delivery or cesarean section), and the level of expression of the BIRC2, BIRC3, and BIRC5 genes was assessed. The research was carried out on mesenchymal stem cells derived from the umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly (WJSC) taken from 55 women immediately after delivery. Expression of the examined genes was assessed with the qPCR method using commercially available reagent kits. On the basis of the conducted research, it was demonstrated that WJSCs collected from younger women giving birth naturally, and in the acidic environment of the umbilical cord blood, are characterized by a higher expression of the BIRC2, BIRC3, and BIRC5 genes. It was shown that the expression of the BIRC2 and BIRC3 genes in Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells declines with the mother’s age. Our research suggests that stem cells collected from younger women giving birth naturally can be more resistant to apoptosis and show a more stem cell-like character, which can increase their therapeutic potential and clinical utility, but this conclusion needs to be approved in the next studies.
Examined and Positive Lymph Node Counts Are Associated with Mortality in Prostate Cancer: A Population-Based Analysis
Authors: Kamel Mohamed Gomaa , Istanbuly Sedralmontaha , Abd-Elhay Fatma Abd-Elshahed , Mohamed Muawia Yousif Fadlelmola , Huu-Hoai Le , Sadik Mohamed , Dibas Mahmoud , Huy Nguyen Tien
Published: April 2020

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the third leading cause of death from cancer in the United States. We aimed to disclose the prognostic values of examined (dissected) lymph node (ELN), negative lymph node (NLN), and positive (metastatic) lymph node (PLN) counts and lymph node (LNs) ratio in PCa patients. Methods: We extracted data of PCa patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2015 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. We included patients with a histologically confirmed diagnosis having at least one ELN and with the PCa as the primary tumor only. Results: We have included 96,064 patients. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression modelsdisclosed that patients having more ELNs were associated with better survival. However, we demonstrated that patients having more PLNs were associated with worse survival. Additionally, older age, unmarried patients, with Gleason’s score of 8–10, T4 and M1 stages and those who received chemotherapy and/or radiation but did not receive surgery were significantly associated with worse PCa survival. Conclusions: We have disclosed several independent predictors affecting PCa patients including age, marital status, Gleason’s score, T and N stages, having received therapy, surgery, and ELN and PLN counts. Moreover, we demonstrated that patients with lower ELN and higher PLN counts were a high-risk group. We strongly recommend adding the ELN and/or PLN counts into consideration during patient staging/treatment.
Grading in Myxofibrosarcoma of the Extremities Can Predict Survival and Local Control
Authors: Sambri Andrea , Tuzzato Gianmarco , Spinnato Paolo , De Paolis Massimiliano , Donati Davide Maria , Bianchi Giuseppe
Published: April 2020

Background: The aim of this retrospective analysis is to understand the natural history of myxofibrosarcoma (MFS), in particular whether the prognosis can be influenced by histologic grade. Methods: We reviewed 229 adult patients with primary MFS of the limbs. We analyzed disease-specific survival (overall survival [OS]) and local recurrence (LR). Results: Median age was 70 years (range, 19–92). Sixteen (7.0%) were grade 1, 38 (16.6%) grade 2, and 175 (76.4%) grade 3. A worse OS was found in grade 3 MFS (73.1%) than in grade 2 and 1 MFS (91.9 and 100%, respectively) at 5 years (p = 0.031). Locally recurred MFS had a worse OS (p = 0.018). A better LR-free rate (100% at 5 years) was observed in grade 1 MFS; however, a similar rate was observed between grade 2 and 3 tumors (77.1 and 80.0% at 5 years, respectively, p = 0.412). Conclusions: Grade 3 MFS has the worst prognosis. Grade 1 MFS have the lowest risk of LR. These data could help identify a high-risk patient group, thus selecting a more careful follow-up for higher-risk patients. Since MFS mostly affects the elderly population, it might be useful to reserve adjuvant treatments (radiotherapy and chemotherapy) to higher-risk patients.
Association between Vitamin D Level and Muscle Strength in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
Authors: Kang Seok Hui , Do Jun Young , Cho Ji-Hyung , Jeong Hye Yun , Yang Dong Ho , Kim Jun Chul
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Identification of the risk factors and treatment of the decrease in muscle mass or strength are important to improve the prognosis of patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Previous studies have investigated the association between vitamin D level and muscle mass or strength in patients undergoing HD. However, there are conflicting results regarding this association. Objective: To evaluate the association between vitamin D level and muscle mass indices, strength, or physical performance in patients undergoing HD. Methods: This study was performed in a tertiary medical center. We included patients undergoing HD aged ≥20 years. A total of 84 patients were enrolled. The patients were divided into tertiles based on the 25-hydroxy (25-OH) vitamin D level as follows: lowest tertile (Lowest T, n = 28), middle tertile (Middle T, n = 28), and highest tertile (Highest T, n = 28). We evaluated the association between the tertiles and clinical outcomes including nutritional status, muscle mass, muscle function, handgrip strength (HGS), physical performance, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) scales. Results: There were no significant differences in the muscle mass indices and nutritional markers according to tertiles of 25-OH vitamin D level. However, 25-OH vitamin D level as a continuous variable or the tertile of 25-OH vitamin D level as a categorical variable was positively associated with HGS. Logistic and linear regression analyses showed a consistent superiority of the Highest T in HGS compared with the Lowest or Middle T. Although the statistical significance was weak, the scores of various physical performance tests and the HRQoL scales were highest in the Highest T among the 3 tertiles. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that serum vitamin D level is associated with HGS in patients undergoing HD regardless of muscle mass indices or nutritional status.
Colonic Diverticular Bleeding Associated with Bowel Cleansers before Colonoscopy
Authors: Kubo Kimitoshi , Kimura Noriko , Matsuda Soichiro , Tsuda Momoko , Kato Mototsugu
Published: April 2020

To date, colonic diverticular bleeding associated with bowel cleansers has not been reported, and its endoscopic and pathological features remain largely unclear. We report a case of colonic diverticular bleeding associated with a bowel cleanser (137 g of polyethylene glycol [NIflec®]) before colonoscopy (CS). CS revealed colonic diverticular bleeding in the sigmoid colon. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the endoscopic and pathological features of colonic diverticular bleeding associated with bowel cleansing before CS.
Higher TGF-β1, TGF-β2, MMP-2, and TIMP-1 Levels in the Aqueous Humor of Patients with Acute Primary Angle Closure
Authors: Chen Ying , Yan Hong , Li Guo , Zhang Yu
Published: April 2020

Purpose: To assess the quantitative differences in the levels of members of the transforming growth factor (TGF-β), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), and tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP) families in the aqueous humor (AH) between patients with acute primary angle closure (APAC) and those with cataract only. Methods: AH samples were collected from 26 patients with APAC and cataract as well as 26 patients with age-related cataract only. Multiplex assays were used to measure the concentrations of TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3; MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9, and MMP-10; and TIMP-1 and TIMP-2. Results: The concentrations of TGF-β1, TGF-β2, MMP-2, (p < 0.001), and TIMP-1 were significantly higher (all p < 0.001) in AH samples from patients with APAC versus cataract only. Conversely, the AH concentrations of MMP-7 (p = 0.524), MMP-9 (p = 0.103), MMP-10 (p = 0.111), and TIMP-2 (p = 0.059) did not significantly differ between the groups. The concentrations of TGF-β3 and MMP-1 were below the respective detection limits in most AH samples. Conclusion: The AH levels of TGF-β1, TGF-β2, MMP-2, and TIMP-1 were elevated in APAC eyes. Such altered protein levels could induce abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix in the trabecular meshwork, resulting in an increase in aqueous outflow resistance and, thereby, providing a possible explanation of the mechanism of residual glaucoma after cataract surgery.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE FOREIGN STUDENTS’ COGNITIVE ACTIVITY AT THE PRACTICALS OF UKRAINIAN
Authors: Nazaruk O. V.
Published: April 2020

The effectiveness and use of methods of cognitive activity for practicals of Ukrainian as a foreign language have already been revealed and theoretically substantiated. Interpretation of cognitive activity methods based on generalization of definitions of some researchers is presented in the article. A survey was conducted among teachers of the department who teach Ukrainian language to foreign students of I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University. As a result of the survey based on the question: “What methods are the most effective for the development of cognitive activity of foreign students?”, it turned out that teachers apply the method of situational modeling, which involves the creation of various non-standard situations and the use of games of educational and professional orientation, in which students develop imagination and creative thinking most often for their professional activities. They also use the heuristic Method which encourages students to search independently, to master the techniques of active speech communication, to formulate and solve learning problems. The following methods of cognitive activity are also considered in the article: information and development method, practical methods, dialogical methods, business game method, communicative method, stimulation method, reproductive method, binary method, video analysis method, control method, demonstration method and Microphone method. The conducted research shows that in all possible ways foreign students should strive for knowledge, practical skills and abilities. In general, each student is a unique personality, which requires a special attitude in the learning process. Also, for the effective development of foreign students’ cognitive activity during the Ukrainian language classes, a complex application of the most effective methods of cognitive activity is required.
Daily sitting time and physical performance in oldest adults
Authors: Borges Lucélia Justino , Conceição Renata da , Meneghini Vandrize , Souza Tiago Rosa de , Barbosa Aline Rodrigues
Published: April 2020

The aim of this study was to verify the physical performance (PP) and daily sitting time in the oldest population in a rural community dwelling in southern Brazil. In addition, to analyze the association between physical performance tests (PPT) and daily sitting time (ST). This was a cross-sectional, population-based household study. All residents aged 80 years and older were examined in 2010. PPT included standing balance (four measures of static balance), five times “sit-to-stand” test and “pick up a pen” test (assessed by time). Daily ST was estimated by questionnaire. Women of the younger age groups displayed better results in the PPT compared to older women. The men had good results in the tests, independent from their age group (except for 95-100 years of age). For women, the mean time in the “sit to stand” test decreased with the advancing age, whereas for men, we observed the opposite. Men and women displayed similar means in the “pick up a pen” test. The mean daily ST increased with the advancement of age. After adjustment for sex, age, and number of morbidities, the daily ST was ~52 minutes lower for those with better balance (β -52.6; p = 0.001). For those with better performance in the “sit to stand” test, the time was ~35 minutes lower (β -35.8; p = 0.001). Men and women differ in the rate of decline in PPT. The results suggest that longer sitting time is a limiting factor of good performance in tests for the oldest of the population.
Instruction on rhythmic structure during learning enhances the breaststroke kick efficiency
Authors: Ried Bettina , Rodrigues Graciele Massoli , Meira Junior Cassio M.
Published: April 2020

Motor learning can be fostered by visual or auditory instruction conveying information on different features of the skill, like spatial and rhythmic characteristics. For swimming skills like the breaststroke kick, manuals predominantly emphasise spatial features, neglecting rhythmic aspects – even though motor learning considers movement rhythm crucial for distinguishing one skill from another. We aimed to analyse the impact of instruction containing or not the adequate rhythmic pattern information, conveyed by visual or auditory stimulus, on learning the breaststroke kick. Fifty university students, assigned to four experimental groups (auditory, visual, with and without rhythmic information), performed 400 acquisition plus 50 retention and 50 transfer trials during which stroke index, rhythmic and spatial pattern indices and instruction request frequency were mapped. Results showed a marginal difference (p= .075) between higher indices in the retention test of participants receiving information about adequate rhythm, as well as a strong correlation between stroke index and rhythm pattern index, but not with spatial pattern index. No difference between auditory and visual groups was found. This result supports earlier research on the impact of rhythmic information on the learning of complex motor skills, and emphasises the role rhythm plays in skill efficiency and consequently in motor learning.
Clinical Outcomes and Quality of Life With an Ambulatory Counterpulsation Pump in Advanced Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Uriel Nir , Jeevanandam Valluvan , Imamura Teruhiko , Onsager David , Song Tae , Ota Takeyoshi , Juricek Colleen , Combs Pamela , Lammy Thomas , Patel-Raman Sonna , Woolley Joshua R. , Sayer Gabriel , Milano Carmelo , Schroder Jacob , Molina Ezequiel , Grinstein Jonathan , Suarez Erik , Estep Jerry D. , Aggarwal Sanjeev , Silvestry Scott , Raval Nirav ,   On behalf of the iVAS Investigators
Published: April 2020

Background:

The NuPulseCV intravascular ventricular assist system (iVAS) provides extended duration ambulatory counterpulsation via a durable pump placed through the distal subclavian artery.

Methods:

We performed a prospective, single-arm, multicenter, US Food and Drug Administration-approved feasibility trial of iVAS therapy as a bridge to transplant or decision following the FIH (First-In-Human) trial.

Results:

Forty-seven patients were enrolled, and 45 patients (median 61 years old, 37 males, and 30 listed on United Network of Organ Sharing) received iVAS support for median 44 (25–87) days. There were no intraoperative complications. Success was defined as survival or transplant on iVAS therapy free from disabling stroke. Outcome success at 30 days (the primary end point of this study) and at 6 months was 89% and 80%, respectively. During 6 months of iVAS support, 2 patients died and 2 patients experienced disabling neurological dysfunction. Six-minute walk distance, 2-minute step test, and Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire score improved during 4-week iVAS support.

Conclusions:

This feasibility trial demonstrated promising short-term outcomes of iVAS therapy with improved functional capacity and quality of life during the therapy.

Registration:

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02645539.
Description of Ptilohyale corinne sp. nov. (Amphipoda: Hyalidae) from the Bahía Blanca estuary, Argentina, including a key to all valid Ptilohyale species
Authors: DI ROSSI CATALINA , SCIBERRAS MICHEL , BULNES VERONICA N.
Published: April 2020

A new species of amphipod, Ptilohyale corinne sp. nov. (Hyalidae) is described from the Bahía Blanca estuary (38°53’S, 62°07’W) in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Ptilohyale corinne sp. nov. can be differentiated from its valid congeners by having two posterior marginal cusps on coxa 2 and 3, and asymmetrical telson lobes with a particular combination of setae: each lobe with three dorsal plumose setae and one seta on inner margin. This is the first record of Ptilohyale in South America. Additionally a key to the valid species of the genus is provided