bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of Population Dynamics of Syrphid Fly (Order- Diptera, Family- Syrphidae) in ITM University Gwalior, India
Authors: Ahmad Tufail , Amir Mohd , Fatima Zainab , Basri Rabiya
Published: July 2024

An intriguing ecological interaction can exist between aphids and Syrphid flies, particularly in the setting of millet crops. Aphids (Order Hemiptera: Family Aphididae) are a problem variety of crops, including all types of millets. Syrphid flies (Order Diptera: Family Syrphidae) naturally prey on aphids when they are in their larval stage. Syrphid fly larvae are referred to as "aphid lions" or "hoverfly larvae." Aphids are the main source of food for these larvae, and they manage the aphid population in millet crops. Therefore, Syrphids are used as natural enemies and biological control agents and syrphid flies are advantageous insects in agriculture. The present study was conducted in the month of August 2021 to March 2022 (summer and winter season) to find out the population dynamic of syrphid flies in agricultural farms and the campus of ITM University. The target crops like maize, sorghum, pearl millets, okra, mustard crop, cabbage cauliflower, marigold and brinjal were tagged and marked and Syrphid fly larvae and pupa were counted four times in a month. The larvae and pupa were also collected and kept for adult emergence. The maximum number of larvae were collected from the Turari campus and were as a minimum found in CRC 2. The other predator like lady bird beetles were also observed but their population was very minor. The population of syrphid flies and larvae depends on the climatic conditions and the availability of foods and their prey.
The Association between Platelet Lymphocyte Ratio and In-Hospital Outcomes in Patients with First Attack of Acute ST-elevation Myocardial Infraction following Thrombolysis with Streptokinase in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Kamal Asu-Ma , Kamal Maliha , Ahmed Sheam , Kamal Auni , Alam Iftequar , Khan Mahmood Hasan , Haque S M Ziaul , Amin Ruhul , Ali Mohamed Naser Thabet
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Platelet Lymphocyte ratio (PLR) has been found to be a good predictor of future adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).
Aim: Investigation was done in the aim to detect the role of Platelet Lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in predicting in-hospital adverse cardiac events in patients with STEMI thrombolysed with streptokinase in a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: This cross sectional descriptive study carried out in the Department of Cardiology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh for fifteen-month duration from January, 2018 to March, 2019, in STEMI patients, who were thrombolysed with inj. Streptokinase (STK) had blood samples at admission, analyzed complete blood counts for PLR calculation. They were grouped into two, low and high PLR, taking 150 as cut-off. Chi square test was used to compare rate of adverse events and death in hospital stay. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate predictive ability of PLR for in-hospital cardiac events.
Results: A total of 79 patients among 217 patients had complications. Patients in high PLR group had higher rate of complications (63.6% vs. 21.4%, p <0.001) in hospital than those in low PLR group. Arrhythmias (13.0% vs. 5.0%, p <0.036), Heart failure (45.5% vs. 15.0%, p=0.001), Cardiogenic shock (10.4% vs.3.6%, p <0.001), Death (9.1% vs. 6.4%, p=0.473), occurred more in high PLR group. Mean PLR was significantly different between Group-I and Group-II (96.21±27.79 vs. 233.21±88.20, p<0.001). Multivariate regression analysis showed PLR an independent predictor of in-hospital adverse cardiac events (at 10% level of significance, p = 0.001).
Conclusion: High admission PLR is an independent predictor for in-hospital adverse cardiac events in patients hospitalized for STEMI thrombolysed with streptokinase.
Remote Sensing Methods and GIS Approaches for Carbon Sequestration Measurement: A General Review
Authors: Dossa Kossivi Fabrice , Miassi Yann Emmanuel
Published: July 2024

Geospatial technologies like Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) provide a platform for swiftly evaluating terrestrial Carbon Stock (CS) across extensive regions. Employing an integrated RS-GIS method for estimating Above-Ground Biomass (AGB) and precise carbon management emerges as a timely and economical strategy for implementing effective management plans on a localized and regional level. This study reviews different RS-related techniques utilized in CS assessment, particularly in arid lands, shedding light on the challenges, opportunities, and future trends associated with the process. As global warming poses adverse impacts on major ecosystems through temperature and precipitation changes, professionals have a call to develop evidence-based interventions to mitigate them. Carbon sequestration involves harnessing and storing carbon stocks from the atmosphere to minimize the adverse effects of climate change. The review explores the effectiveness of integrating remote sensing and GIS methodologies in quantifying carbon sequestration within agroforestry landscapes. In addition, this review also assesses the traditional methods, including their limitations, and deeply delves into recent techniques, emphasizing key remote sensing (RS) variables for biophysical predictions. This study showcases the efficacy of geospatial technologies in evaluating terrestrial carbon stock, particularly in arid regions. The study reviews diverse techniques and sensors, like optical Radio Detection and Ranging (RADAR), and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), extensively employed for above-ground biomass (AGB) estimation and carbon stock assessment with RS data, introducing and discussing new methods. Existing literature was examined to present knowledge and evidence on the effectiveness of these technologies in carbon sequestration. The key findings of this review will inform future research and integration of technology, policy formulation, and carbon sequestration management to mitigate the impacts of climate change.
Intra- and Extraconical Cavernous Hemangiomas in Children: The Difficulty of Therapeutic Management
Authors: Salma Hassina , Z Hazil , B Bekkar , C Bardi , MA Krichene , I Hasnaoui , L Robbana , Y Akkanour , L Serghini , EL Abdallah
Published: July 2024

This article describes the case of a 10-year-old girl with a rare presentation of extra- and intra-conical cavernous hemangioma in children. After undergoing complete surgical excision, the exophthalmos completely regressed, and no recurrence was observed during the two-year follow-up period. The treatment options discussed included intratumoral corticosteroid injection, oral corticosteroid therapy, and surgical excision.
Marketing Efficiency and Disposal Pattern of Pomegranate in Maharashtra, India
Authors: Galani Deep , Panigrahy Shaktiranjan
Published: July 2024

Aims: This research aims to identify factors that influence marketing efficiency and disposal patterns of pomegranates, with the aim of increasing farmer income and reducing post-harvest losses.
Study Design: Vashi market near to Navi Mumbai was selected for the study purpose due to maximum hoarding of pomegranates in the states and from the other states as well. A total 60 Producers and 40 functionaries were asked to respond against a structured schedule which was prepared for the purpose.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was undertaken as the mandatory project work programme of MBA (Agribusiness) which was undertaken jointly by International Agribusiness Management Institute and ABC Company, Maharashtra in the month of January-April 2024.
Methodology: Different stakeholders, connected to the Vashi market were selected purposively to address the problem statement and the corresponding objectives which were analysed further through descriptive statistics and Acharya Measurement of Marketing Efficiency.
Results: Producers were getting more than 60 percent of the share in consumer rupee irrespective of the four major channels. The state share in pomegranate production was also quite significant at the national sphere. Despite that, storage issues, transportation issues and some cases issues of packaging materials generate cost escalation for the stakeholders. It was observed, where farmers were doing primary processing before selling the pomegranate to the next stakeholders were getting good amount of net income from it.
Conclusion: It is advised to encourage the development of the farmers’ market where producers can sell directly to consumers and reaping more benefit from their surpluses.
A Review on Scaling Up Successful Agricultural Extension Techniques for Global Benefit
Authors: K R Ananda , Pal Ankit , Sharma Anamika , Bunkar Ramesh Chand , Sulekha  , Ali Mohammed Umar , Upadhyay Lalit
Published: July 2024

Agricultural extension services are important for enhancing agricultural productivity, food security, and rural development. Examination of future and research needs highlights the significance of innovative approaches and emerging technologies, such as digital agriculture, precision farming, artificial intelligence, blockchain technology, and biotechnology, in transforming extension services. These technologies offer the potential to optimize resource use, increase yields, and improve supply chain transparency. Comprehensive impact assessments, including randomized controlled trials and mixed-methods approaches, are essential for evaluating the effectiveness of extension programs and understanding their long-term impacts on productivity, food security, and livelihoods. Supportive policy development and advocacy efforts are crucial for creating an enabling environment that promotes innovation, collaboration, and sustainable practices. This includes establishing regulatory frameworks, providing financial incentives, and integrating extension services into national development plans. Cross-disciplinary research and international collaboration are key to addressing the complex challenges facing agriculture, fostering the exchange of knowledge and best practices, and enhancing the capacity of national extension systems. Interdisciplinary research teams and systems thinking approaches can provide comprehensive solutions to agricultural challenges, while international research networks and development assistance programs can facilitate the transfer of appropriate technologies and practices. South-South cooperation offers additional opportunities for knowledge exchange and technology transfer between developing countries. By addressing these future directions and research needs, agricultural extension services can effectively contribute to sustainable agricultural development, improved livelihoods for farmers, and greater resilience to climate change. This approach will ensure that extension services remain responsive to the evolving challenges and opportunities in the agricultural sector, ultimately promoting global food security and economic growth.
Probiotics and its Application in Humans: An Overview
Authors: K Arunavarsini , V Yuvansasi , M Sekar , L Durga Devi. , R Mahenthiran
Published: July 2024

Probiotics are live microorganisms that have been identified as natural alternatives to antibiotics, which are typically used to treat bacterial infections causing many diseases in both humans and animals. It discusses the benefits and drawbacks of probiotics and presents evidence from recent clinical trials and experimental models, showcasing their potential to protect human and animal health. Probiotics have demonstrated potential in enhancing health and aiding in the treatment and prevention of various conditions such as antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and periodontal diseases. The human gut harbors a diverse microbial community crucial for intestinal health. Disruptions in this microbiome are linked to diseases like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), cancer, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic disorders. Probiotics help restore gut microbiota balance, particularly during antibiotic treatments, reducing AAD incidence. They alleviate IBS symptoms and maintain oral health by modulating oral biofilm, reducing pathogen colonization, and enhancing immune response. Additionally, probiotics exhibit anti-carcinogenic properties by inhibiting bacterial enzymes involved in carcinogen formation and binding aflatoxins, thereby reducing cancer risk. Although antibiotics are life-saving drugs for bacterial illnesses, their excessive and inappropriate usage has led to increased bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and host microbiota imbalance, or dysbiosis. AMR is a major global health threat, potentially leading to millions of deaths annually. Thus, finding and creating antibiotic substitutes is imperative. Evidence suggests that probiotics can counteract infections, modulate immune responses, and regulate gut flora to preserve overall human health. This analysis also examines the potential use of probiotics by their various mechanism to act against infections
Influence of Sulphur and Zinc on Yield, Yield Attributes and Economics of Baby Corn (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Varsha Chilka Vandhana , Singh Rajesh , Peter Alisha
Published: July 2024

A Field experiment was conducted during Zaid season of 2023 at Crop Research Farm Department of Agronomy. The objective of this study is to asses the influence of sulphur and zinc on yield attritibutes of baby corn and to evaluate the economics of different treatment combinations taken. The treatments consisted of 3 levels of Sulphur viz., (15, 30 and 45 kg/ha) and 3 levels of Zinc viz., (10, 20 and 30 kg/ha) along with recommended doses of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash as control (60- 60-40 kg N-P-K/ha). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with 10 treatments and replication thrice. Application of Sulphur 45 kg/ha along with Zinc 30 kg/ha (Treatment 9) recorded maximum cob yield with husk (10.6 t/ha), cob yield without husk (3.91 t/ha), green fodder yield (28.43 t/ha). The aforesaid treatment also recorded maximum gross returns (1,43,144.00 INR/ha), net returns (955,19.00 INR/ha) and Benefit cost ratio (2.01).
The Effect of ESG Risk Ratings, Board Size and Gender Diversity on Financial Performance: Econometric Case Study Indonesia 90 Companies 2020-2023
Authors: Wisanggeni Nabil Umar Bayu , Rahmawati Ika Yustina
Published: July 2024

Aims: This study examines the influence of ESG Risk Ratings and the size of corporate boards on financial results. Furthermore, It investigates the impact of gender diversity on ESG Risk Ratings, Board Size, and the subsequent impact on Financial Performance.
Study Design: In this case study, CFP is variable dependent, ESG and BS is variable independent, GD is the moderating variable, while Dar, LV, GR, and SZ are control variables.
Place and Duration of Study: This study employs panel data from enterprises that meet the purposive sample requirements for the period of 2020-2023.
Methodology: This study employs EViews 12 statistical software to conduct various tests, including the Descriptive Statistical Test, Model Selection Test, Multicollinearity and Heteroscedasticity Test, and Panel Data Regression Test. This study used purposive sampling method for sample selection. FP evaluated by the ratio of net income to total assets (ROA), ESG obtained from Morningstar Sustainalytics, BS determined by the total number of directors who serve on it, and GD is assessed by calculating the proportion of female board members.
Result: The results of this inquiry indicate that ESG does not have an impact on FP, as demonstrated by the β = 0.0031 and Prob. = 0.3189 value. A different one independent variable, BS, also has no effect on FP, as evidenced by the value of β = 0.0096 and Prob. = 0.2130. As we transition to the moderation variable, it is evident that the GD variable does not moderate the relationship between ESG and FP (β = -0.011, Prob. = 0.3555). Meanwhile, the relationship between BS and FP is weakened by GD (β = -0.058, Prob. = 0.026).
Conclusion: This study conclude that financial performance doesn’t influenced by ESG risk ratings and Board size. Beside, gender diversity weakens relationship between ESG and FP. The findings of this study have significant consequences for corporations, as they shed light on the elements that influence a company's financial performance, particularly with regard to sustainability standards. Further research can include variables such as comparison female directors and others.
Hydraulic Model Experiments and Performance Analysis of Existing Empirical Formulas for Overtopping Discharge on Tetrapod Armored Rubble Mound Structures with Low Relative Freeboard
Authors: Yoo Sang-Woo , Kim Jae-Young , Kim Do-Sam , Lee Kwang-Ho
Published: July 2024

In coastal structure design incorporating revetments, the assessment of wave overtopping discharge relies on hydraulic model experiments. Numerous empirical formulas have been developed to predict overtopping discharge based on quantitative data from these experiments. Typically, for revetment structures aimed at mitigating wave overtopping, crest height is determined by considering the maximum amplitude of the design wave, resulting in a relatively high freeboard compared to wave heights. However, achieving complete prevention of all wave overtopping would require the crown wall to have substantial crest heights, rendering it economically impractical. Therefore, the concept of limiting discharge has been introduced in the design of revetment structures, aiming to restrict wave overtopping discharge to an acceptable level. Consequently, many coastal structures in real-world settings feature relatively lower freeboard heights than incident wave heights. This study investigated wave overtopping discharge on rubble-mound breakwaters with relatively low freeboard heights through hydraulic model experiments. Furthermore, it conducted a comparative analysis of the predictive capabilities of existing empirical formulas for estimating overtopping discharge using experimental data.
MANIPULAÇÕES E SANÇÕES EM TORNO DA PANDEMIA DO COVID-19:
Authors: Da Silva Barbosa Artur , Américo Bezerra Saraiva José
Published: July 2024

A chegada repentina da COVID-19 no Brasil demandou uma pronta estruturação de estratégias para enfrentar a pandemia. Utilizando a semiótica francesa como aporte teórico, objetivamos averiguar quais mecanismos de manipulação e de sanção são acionados para persuadir os enunciatários a aderirem a uma de duas abordagens distintas: isolamento horizontal ou isolamento vertical. O corpus correspondeu ao recorte de dois debates da emissora CNN Brasil, disponíveis no Youtube. Os enunciadores da primeira abordagem utilizaram como estratégia de manipulação a intimidação e a sedução, no primeiro vídeo, e a sedução e a provocação, no segundo. Eles mantiveram a uniformidade dos discursos: a reclusão total da população e o fechamento dos espaços, ou saída para o trabalho para evitar a derrocada econômica. Ambos discursam sobre uma ameaça letal. Pelo desemprego e pela fome, que apresenta efeito atenuado e se torna uma estratégia mais eficaz do que a mortífera ação do vírus, que surpreendera a todos.
IMAGEM, REPRESENTAÇÃO E EMOÇÃO NOS TOTENS DE TORCEDORES DE FUTEBOL NAS ARQUIBANCADAS DURANTE A PANDEMIA
Authors: Rodrigues Cardoso Anna Gabriela , Bretas Lage Nara , Cardoso Leandro Henrique
Published: July 2024

O artigo analisa a representação do torcedor de futebol nas arquibancadas por totens de papelão em jogos disputados sem a presença física da torcida durante as restrições da COVID 19. Objetiva-se identificar: como a imagem pode comunicar e transmitir mensagens a partir dos estudos de Joly (2007) e os efeitos patêmicos gerados pelas imagens do torcedor, a partir de Charaudeau (2015); compreender as relações torcedor-arquibancadas antes e durante a pandemia, segundo Teixeira (2013); comparar a realidade da torcida de futebol no período da crise sanitária. Seleciona-se imagens a partir da relevância para o nosso foco temático, considerando o período de proibição e de retorno da presença de torcidas nas arquibancadas. Coletou-se duas fotografias de torcedores na arquibancada em jornais esportivos e duas em plataformas de fotos. Encontra-se nas fotografias torcedores representados por totens e ainda há a fotografia em que se misturam pessoas e totens, além da que retrata a torcida em tempos “normais”. Estas quatro imagens constroem, propositalmente elencadas por nós, uma narrativa que é analisada neste trabalho. Conclui-se que, a partir dos totens, reconstroem-se imaginários de torcidas com representações que podem ser retomadas na memória sobre ser torcedor na pandemia.
State Feedback Control for Discrete‐time Markovian Jump Systems with Random Communication Time Delay
Authors: Sun Tao , Su Hongye , Wu Zhengguang
Published: December 2012

This paper concerns the stabilization problem for a class of networked control system with Markovian parameter using mode dependent state feed‐back controller through a wireless networked control system. The problem that the random network‐induced delays generated both by wireless connection contention and the movement of wireless nodes is taken into consideration. The mode dependent controller can be obtained by solving a set of parameterized bilinear matrix inequalities (BMIs). A numerical example is exhibited to show the effectiveness of the proposed design method.
Incident malignancies among older long‐term breast cancer survivors and an age‐matched and site‐matched nonbreast cancer comparison group over 10 years of follow‐up
Authors: Clough‐Gorr Kerri M. , Thwin Soe Soe , Bosco Jaclyn L. F. , Silliman Rebecca A. , Buist Diana S. M. , Pawloski Pamala A. , Quinn Virginia P. , Prout Marianne N.
Published: December 2012

BACKGROUND:

Of the approximately 2.4 million American women with a history of breast cancer, 43% are aged ≥65 years and are at risk for developing subsequent malignancies.

METHODS:

Women from 6 geographically diverse sites included 5‐year breast cancer survivors (N = 1361) who were diagnosed between 1990 and 1994 at age ≥65 years with stage I or II disease and a comparison group of women without breast cancer (N = 1361). Women in the comparison group were age‐matched and site‐matched to breast cancer survivors on the date of breast cancer diagnosis. Follow‐up began 5 years after the index date (survivor diagnosis date or comparison enrollment date) until death, disenrollment, or through 15 years after the index date. Data were collected from medical records and electronic sources (cancer registry, administrative, clinical, National Death Index). Analyses included descriptive statistics, crude incidence rates, and Cox proportional hazards regression models for estimating the risk of incident malignancy and were adjusted for death as a competing risk.

RESULTS:

Survivors and women in the comparison group were similar: >82% were white, 55% had a Charlson Comorbidity Index of 0, and ≥73% had a body mass index ≤30 kg/m2. Of all 306 women (N = 160 in the survivor group, N = 146 in the comparison group) who developed a first incident malignancy during follow‐up, the mean time to malignancy was similar (4.37 ± 2.81 years vs 4.03 ± 2.76 years, respectively; P = .28), whereas unadjusted incidence rates were slightly higher in survivors (1882 vs 1620 per 100,000 person years). The adjusted hazard of developing a first incident malignancy was slightly elevated in survivors in relation to women in the comparison group, but it was not statistically significant (hazard ratio, 1.17; 95% confidence interval, 0.94‐1.47).

CONCLUSIONS:

Older women who survived 5 years after an early stage breast cancer diagnosis were not at an elevated risk for developing subsequent incident malignancies up to 15 years after their breast cancer diagnosis. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
The hematopoietic stem cell niche—home for friend and foe?
Authors: Krause Daniela S. , Scadden David T. , Preffer Frederic I.
Published: December 2012

The hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche is involved in the maintainance and regulation of quiescence, self‐renewal and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells and the fate of their progeny in mammals dealing with the daily stresses to the hematopoietic system. From the discovery that perturbations of the HSC niche can lead to hematopoietic disorders, we have now arrived at the prospect that the HSC niche may play a role in hematological malignancies and that this HSC niche may be a target for therapy. This review attempts to capture the discoveries of the last few years regarding the normal and malignant hematopoietic stem cell niche and possible ways to target this niche. © 2012 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Secreted aspartic proteases of Candida albicans activate the NLRP3 inflammasome
Authors: Pietrella Donatella , Pandey Neelam , Gabrielli Elena , Pericolini Eva , Perito Stefano , Kasper Lydia , Bistoni Francesco , Cassone Antonio , Hube Bernhard , Vecchiarelli Anna
Published: December 2012

In a recent report, we demonstrated that distinct members of the secreted aspartic protease (Sap) family of Candida albicans are able to induce secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by human monocytes, independently of their proteolytic activity and specific pH optima. In particular, C. albicans Sap2 and Sap6 potently induced IL‐1β, TNF‐α, and IL‐6 production. Here, we demonstrate that Sap2 and Sap6 proteins trigger IL‐1β and IL‐18 production through inflammasome activation. This occurs via NLRP3 and caspase‐1 activation, which cleaves pro‐IL‐1β into secreted bioactive IL‐1β, a cytokine that was induced by Saps in monocytes, in monocyte‐derived macrophages and in dendritic cells. Downregulation of NLRP3 by RNA interference strongly reduced the secretion of bioactive IL‐1β. Inflammasome activation required Sap internalization via a clathrin‐dependent mechanism, intracellular induction of K+ efflux, and ROS production. Inflammasome activation of monocytes induced by Sap2 and Sap6 differed from that induced by LPS‐ATP in several aspects. Our data reveal novel immunoregulatory mechanisms of C. albicans and suggest that Saps contribute to the pathogenesis of candidiasis by fostering rather than evading host immunity.
The impact of model uncertainty on benchmark dose estimation
Authors: West R. Webster , Piegorsch Walter W. , Peña Edsel A. , An Lingling , Wu Wensong , Wickens Alissa A. , Xiong Hui , Chen Wenhai
Published: December 2012

We study the popular benchmark dose (BMD) approach for estimation of low exposure levels in toxicological risk assessment, focusing on dose–response experiments with quantal data. In such settings, representations of the risk are traditionally based on a specified, parametric, dose–response model. It is a well‐known concern, however, that uncertainty can exist in specification and selection of the model. If the chosen parametric form is in fact misspecified, this can lead to inaccurate, and possibly unsafe, low‐dose inferences. We study the effects of model selection and possible misspecification on the BMD, on its corresponding lower confidence limit (BMDL), and on the associated extra risks achieved at these values, via large‐scale Monte Carlo simulation. It is seen that an uncomfortably high percentage of instances can occur where the true extra risk at the BMDL under a misspecified or incorrectly selected model can surpass the target benchmark response, exposing potential dangers of traditional strategies for model selection when calculating BMDs and BMDLs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of HDTMA/Bentonite Ratio on Phenol Electrooxidation
Authors: Mojović Z. , Jović‐Jovičić N. , Milutinović‐Nikolić A. , Banković P. , Abu Rabi‐Stanković A. , Jovanović D.
Published: December 2012

In this article partial and complete substitution of cations in the interlayer region of clay with different amounts of hexadecyl trimethylammonium bromide (HDTMABr) was performed. The aim was to investigate the influence of HDTMA/bentonite ratio on phenol electrooxidation. Multisweep cyclic voltammetry was applied to analyze the behavior of clay modified glassy carbon electrode. The influence of phenol concentration was investigated. HDTMA/clay ratio plays key role in phenol oxidation on these electrodes. There is definite amount of surfactant that should be present in bentonite sample in order to achieve good current response and prolonged life of the electrode. The reaction order in respect to phenol was determined to be around 2. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 32: 1124–1128, 2013
Mass modeling of fig (Ficus carica L.) fruit with some physical characteristics
Authors: Shahbazi Feizollah , Rahmati Satar
Published: December 2012

Horticultural crops with the similar weight and uniform shape are in high demand in terms of marketing value, which are used as food. For proper design of grading systems, important relationships among the mass and other properties of fruits such as length, width, thickness, volumes, and projected areas must be known. The aim of this research was to measure and present some physical properties of fig fruits. In addition, Linear, Quadratic, S‐curve, and Power models are used for mass predication of fig fruits based on measured physical properties. The results showed that all measured physical properties were statistically significant at the 1% probability level. For mass predication of fig fruits, the best and the worst models were obtained based on criteria projected area and thickness of the fruits with determination coefficients (R2) of 0.984 and 0.664, respectively. At last, from economical standpoint, mass modeling of fig fruits based on first projected area is recommended.
Working memory‐related changes in functional connectivity persist beyond task disengagement
Authors: Gordon Evan M. , Breeden Andrew L. , Bean Stephanie E. , Vaidya Chandan J.
Published: December 2012

We examined whether altered connectivity in functional networks during working memory performance persists following conclusion of that performance, into a subsequent resting state. We conducted functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 50 young adults during an initial resting state, followed by an N‐back working memory task and a subsequent resting state, in order to examine changes in functional connectivity within and between the default‐mode network (DMN) and the task‐positive network (TPN) across the three states. We found that alterations in connectivity observed during the N‐back task persisted into the subsequent resting state within the TPN and between the DMN and TPN, but not within the DMN. Further, both speed of working memory performance and TPN connectivity strength during the N‐back task predicted connectivity strength in the subsequent resting state. Finally, DMN connectivity measured before and during the N‐back task predicted individual differences in self‐reported inattentiveness, but this association was not found during the post‐task resting state. Together, these findings have important implications for models of how the brain recovers following effortful cognition, as well as for experimental designs using resting and task scans. Hum Brain Mapp 35:1004–1017, 2014. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spectroscopic fingerprints of toroidal nuclear quantum delocalization via ab initio path integral simulations
Authors: Schütt Ole , Sebastiani Daniel
Published: December 2012

We investigate the quantum‐mechanical delocalization of hydrogen in rotational symmetric molecular systems. To this purpose, we perform ab initio path integral molecular dynamics simulations of a methanol molecule to characterize the quantum properties of hydrogen atoms in a representative system by means of their real‐space and momentum‐space densities. In particular, we compute the spherically averaged momentum distribution n(k) and the pseudoangular momentum distribution n(kθ). We interpret our results by comparing them to path integral samplings of a bare proton in an ideal torus potential. We find that the hydroxyl hydrogen exhibits a toroidal delocalization, which leads to characteristic fingerprints in the line shapes of the momentum distributions. We can describe these specific spectroscopic patterns quantitatively and compute their onset as a function of temperature and potential energy landscape. The delocalization patterns in the projected momentum distribution provide a promising computational tool to address the intriguing phenomenon of quantum delocalization in condensed matter and its spectroscopic characterization. As the momentum distribution n(k) is also accessible through Nuclear Compton Scattering experiments, our results will help to interpret and understand future measurements more thoroughly. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Epitope structure and binding affinity of single chain llama anti‐β‐amyloid antibodies revealed by proteolytic excision affinity‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Paraschiv Gabriela , Vincke Cécile , Czaplewska Paulina , Manea Marilena , Muyldermans Serge , Przybylski Michael
Published: December 2012

ß‐Amyloid (Aß) immunotherapy has become a promising strategy for reducing the level of Aß in brain. New immunological approaches have been recently proposed for rapid, early diagnosis, and molecular treatment of neurodegenerative diseases related to Alzheimer's Disease (AD). The combination of proteolytic epitope excision and extraction and mass spectrometry using digestion with various proteases has been shown to be an efficient tool for the identification and molecular characterization of antigenic determinants. Here, we report the identification of the Aβ epitope recognized by the variable domain of single chain llama anti‐Aβ‐antibodies, termed Aβ‐nanobodies, that have been discovered in the blood of camelids and found to be promising candidates for immunotherapy of AD. The epitope recognized by two Aβ‐specific nanobodies was identified by proteolytic epitope extraction‐ and excision‐mass spectrometry using a series of proteases (trypsin, chymotrypsin, GluC‐protease, and LysC‐protease). Matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization – mass spectrometric analysis of the affinity – elution fraction provided the epitope, Aβ(17–28), in the mid‐ to carboxy‐terminal domain of Aβ, which has been shown to exert an Aß‐fibril inhibiting effect. Affinity studies of the synthetic epitope confirmed that the Aβ(17–28) peptide is the minimal fragment that binds to the nanobodies. The interactions between the nanobodies and full length Aβ(1–40) or Aβ‐peptides containing or lacking the epitope sequence were further characterized by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and bioaffinity analysis. Determinations of binding affinities between the Aβ‐nanobodies and Aβ(1–40) and the Aβ(17–28) epitope provided KD values of approximately 150 and 700 nmol, respectively. Thus, the knowledge of the epitope may be highly useful for future studies of Aβ‐aggregation (oligomerization and fibril formation) and for designing new aggregation inhibitors. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mapping discontinuous protein‐binding sites via structure‐based peptide libraries: combiningin silicoandin vitroapproaches
Authors: Jaeger Ines S. , Kretzschmar Ines , Körner Jana , Weiser Armin A. , Mahrenholz Carsten C. , Potty Ajish , Kourentzi Katerina , Willson Richard C. , Volkmer Rudolf , Preissner Robert
Published: December 2012

To perform their various functions, protein surfaces often have to interact with each other in a specific way. Usually, only parts of a protein are accessible and can act as binding sites. Because proteins consist of polypeptide chains that fold into complex three‐dimensional shapes, binding sites can be divided into two different types: linear sites that follow the primary amino acid sequence and discontinuous binding sites, which are made up of short peptide fragments that are adjacent in spatial proximity. Such discontinuous binding sites dominate protein–protein interactions, but are difficult to identify.

To meet this challenge, we combined a computational, structure‐based approach and an experimental, high‐throughput method. SUPERFICIAL is a program that uses protein structures as input and generates peptide libraries to represent the protein's surface. A large number of the predicted peptides can be simultaneously synthesised applying the SPOT technology. The results of a binding assay subsequently help to elucidate protein–protein interactions; the approach is applicable to any kind of protein.

The crystal structure of the complex of hen egg lysozyme with the well‐characterised murine IgG1 antibody HyHEL‐5 is available, and the complex is known to have a discontinuous binding site. Using SUPERFICIAL, the entire surface of lysozyme was translated into a peptide library that was synthesised on a cellulose membrane using the SPOT technology and tested against the HyHEL‐5 antibody. In this way, it was possible to identify two peptides (longest common sequence and peptide 19) that represented the discontinuous epitope of lysozyme. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Disparities between immobilized enzyme and solution based digestion of transferrin with trypsin
Authors: Rivera‐Burgos Dinelia , Regnier Fred E.
Published: December 2012

Trypsin digestion is a major component of preparing proteins for peptide based identification and quantification by mass spectral (MS) analysis. Surprisingly proteolysis is the slowest part of the proteomics process by an order of magnitude. Numerous recent efforts to reduce protein digestion to a few minutes have centered on the use of an immobilized enzyme reactor (IMER) to minimize both trypsin autolysis and vastly increase the trypsin to protein ratio. A central question in this approach is whether proteolysis with an IMER produces the same peptide cleavage products as derived from solution based digestion. The studies reported here examined this question with transferrin; a model protein of known resistance to trypsin digestion. Results from these studies confirmed that a trypsin‐IMER can in fact digest transferrin in a few minutes; providing tryptic peptides that subsequent to MS analysis allow sequence identification equivalent to solution digestion. Although many of the peptides obtained from these two trypsin digestion systems were identical, many were not. The greatest difference was that the trypsin‐ IMER produces (i) numerous peptides bearing multiple lysine and/or arginine residues and (ii) identical portions of the protein sequence were found in multiple peptides. Most of these peptides were derived from five regions in transferrin. These results were interpreted to mean that proteolysis in the case of transferrin occurred faster than the rate at which buried lysine and arginine residues were unmasked in the five regions providing peptides that were only partially digested.
Molecular imprinted polymers for separation science: A review of reviews
Authors: Cheong Won Jo , Yang Song Hee , Ali Faiz
Published: December 2012

Molecular imprinted polymer is an artificial receptor made by imprinting molecules of a template in a polymer matrix followed by removing the template molecules via thorough washing to give the permanent template grooves. They show favored affinity to the template molecule compared to other molecules, and this property is the basic driving force for such diverse application of this techniques. Such techniques have been increasingly employed in a wide scope of applications such as chromatography, sample pretreatment, purification, catalysts, sensors, and drug delivery, etc., mostly in bioanalytical areas. A major part of them is related to development of new stationary phases and their application in chromatography and sample pretreatment. Embodiments of molecular imprinted polymer materials have been carried out in a variety of forms such as irregularly ground particles, regular spherical particles, nanoparticles, monoliths in a stainless steel or capillary column, open tubular layers in capillaries, surface attached thin layers, membranes, and composites, etc. There have been numerous review articles on molecular imprinted polymer issues. In this special review, the reviews in recent ca. 10 years will be categorized into several subgroups according to specified topics in separation science, and each review in each subgroup will be introduced in the order of date with brief summaries and comments on new developments and different scopes of prospects. Brief summaries of each categories and conclusive future perspectives are also given.
Usefulness of chaotropic salt additive in RP‐HPLC of organic nonionized compounds
Authors: Flieger Jolanta , Siwek Agata , Pizoń Magdalena
Published: December 2012

New synthesized 1,4‐disubstituted thiosemicarbazide derivatives were analyzed in the RP system, modified with the addition of salts; chaotropic (sodium hexafluorophosphate – Na PF6), cosmotropic (sodium phosphate – NaH2PO4), and neutral (NaCl) on Zorbax XDB C18 column. The effect of the eluent composition on the analytes retention (k), system efficiency (N), peak symmetry (As), and LOD values were all examined and compared to unmodified organic‐aqueous mobile phase system. It was established that eluent modified with chaotropic salts addition was also the most advantageous according to other peak parameters such as the theoretical plates numbers and asymmetry factors. The lower LOD values were achieved in comparison to unmodified organic‐aqueous eluent system. Compatibility of lipophilicity parameters calculated by the use of computer software with experimental ones measured by RP‐HPLC was also the best for chaotropic modified mobile phase. To explain the observed phenomena, molecular modeling was performed for chosen representative compound in different environment representing examined mobile phase composition.
Definitive foot drop deformity repair with tensor fascia latae myocutaneous flap
Authors: Karagöz Hüseyi̇n , Öksüz Si̇nan , Ülkür Ersi̇n , Sever Celaletti̇n , Şahi̇n Ci̇han , Külahçi Yalçin
Published: December 2012

Tensor fascia latae (TFL) myocutaneous flap, utilized as a novel approach for the successful functional repair of the foot drop deformity is presented in this case report. A 21‐year‐old male patient was subjected to a close‐range high‐velocity gunshot injury and sustained comminuted Gustillo‐type IIIB open fracture of his left tibia. A composite skin and soft tissue defect including tibialis anterior and extansor hallucis longus tendons was determined. The injury was managed in two stages. In the first stage, the immediate reconstruction of the open tibia fracture was provided by using a reverse flow sural flap and external fixation of the fracture. The functional restoration was achieved by vascular fascia latae in the second stage, 6 months after the initial skin, soft tissue, and bone defect repair. The functional recovery was successful, and the foot drop gait was almost totally ameliorated. Reconstruction with TFL flap should be retained in the armamentarium for the functional repair of the foot drop deformity, caused by composite skin and soft tissue defects of the pretibial region. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2013.
Taurine supplementation improves liver glucose control in normal protein and malnourished mice fed a high‐fat diet
Authors: Batista Thiago M. , Ribeiro Rosane A. , da Silva Priscilla M. R. , Camargo Rafael L. , Lollo Pablo C. B. , Boschero Antonio C. , Carneiro Everardo M.
Published: December 2012

Scope

Poor nutrition during the perinatal period is associated with an increased risk for metabolic syndrome in adulthood. Taurine (TAU) regulates β‐cell function and glucose homeo‐stasis. Here, we assessed the effects of TAU supplementation upon adiposity and glucose control in malnourished mice fed a high‐fat diet (HFD).

Methods and results

Weaned male C57BL/6J mice were fed a control (14% protein ‐ C) or a protein‐restricted (6% protein ‐ R) diet for 6 weeks. Afterwards, mice received or not an HFD for 8 weeks (CH and RH). Half of the HFDmice were supplemented with 5% TAU after weaning (CHT and RHT). Protein restriction led to typical malnutrition features. HFD increased body weight, adiposity, and led to hyperleptinemia, hyperphagia, glucose intolerance, and higher liver glucose output in RH and CH groups. Fasted R mice showed higher plasma adiponectin levels and increased phosphorylation of the AMP‐activated protein kinase (p‐AMPK) in the liver. These parameters were reduced in RH mice and increased p‐AMPK persisted in RHT. TAU prevented obesity and improved glucose tolerance only in CHT, but liver glucose control was ameliorated in both supplemented groups. Better CHT liver glucose control was linked to increased Akt (thymoma viral proto‐oncogene/protein kinase B) phosphorylation.

Conclusion

Malnourished mice fed an HFD developed obesity, glucose intolerance, and increased liver glucose output. TAU preserved only normal liver glucose control in RHT mice, an effect associated with increased liver p‐AMPK content.
A cohort study of the risk of seizures in a pediatric population treated with atomoxetine or stimulant medications
Authors: McAfee Andrew T. , Landon Joan , Jones Meghan , Bangs Mark E. , Acharya Nayan , Hornbuckle Ken , Wong Judy
Published: December 2012

Purpose

Stimulant medications used for treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can be associated with an increased risk of seizures. Atomoxetine is a non‐stimulant medication approved for treating ADHD. This retrospective cohort analysis evaluated risk of seizures among pediatric patients naïve to ADHD medication therapy, with exposure to atomoxetine relative to stimulant medications.

Methods

Among members of a large US health plan from 1/1/2003 to 12/31/2006, aged 6–17 years, we identified initiators of atomoxetine or stimulants with no evidence of prior study drug use. We created study cohorts using propensity score matching within 6‐month calendar blocks. The outcome was a seizure event in the 6‐month follow‐up period verified through medical record review. Relative risks (RR) based on current use of each study drug adjusted for baseline covariates were calculated using Poisson regression. We estimated hazard ratios from Cox proportional hazards models for the comparison of atomoxetine to stimulants based on initial cohort assignment.

Results

We matched 13 398 initiators of atomoxetine to 13 322 initiators of stimulants. We identified 97 seizure events. After adjustment, current atomoxetine therapy was associated with a non‐statistically significant 28% lower risk of seizure compared to current stimulant therapy (RR 0.72; 95%CI 0.37, 1.38). The adjusted RR of seizure with atomoxetine compared to stimulants based on initial cohort assignment was 0.90 (95%CI 0.54, 1.49).

Conclusions

These results do not support an increase in the risk of seizure with atomoxetine therapy. The risk of seizure was not significantly different between pediatric patients taking atomoxetine compared with those taking stimulants. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.