bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance of the WID‐qEC test to detect uterine cancers in black women with abnormal uterine bleeding: A prospective observational cohort study in Ghana
Authors: Ken‐Amoah Sebastian , Redl Elisa , Domson Bright K. S. , Barrett James E. , Schreiberhuber Lena , Herzog Chiara , Arora Rupali , Jones Allison , Evans Iona , Reisel Dan , Lamptey‐Mills Esther , Nachinab Vincent B. , Pepera Theodora , Olaitan Adeola , Obiri‐Yeboah Dorcas , Akakpo Patrick K. , Widschwendter Martin
Published: December 2024

The burden of uterine cancer is growing and, in the US and UK, mortality rates are poorest among black women. Early detection of these cancers is critical and poor performance of ultrasound in black women may contribute to adverse outcomes. Limited data on this topic are available from Africa. We assessed whether a simple DNA methylation test, the WID‐qEC, enables detection of all epithelial uterine (endometrial and cervical) cancers in women presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) in Ghana. Among 118 women ≥40 years presenting with AUB, 106 consented to the study and a cervicovaginal sample was obtained for WID‐qEC testing. Subsequent to ultrasound assessment 102 women had a cervical or endometrial biopsy. Histopathology, ultrasound and WID‐qEC testing were analyzed and compared. Among the 102 volunteers, 8 and 15 were diagnosed with endometrial and cervical cancer (EC and CC), respectively. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) was 0.56 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.25–0.86) for sonographic endometrial thickness (ET) and 0.98 (95% CI 0.94–1.00) for the WID‐qEC test. Sensitivity and specificity of the prespecified ET ≥5 mm were 66.7% (95% CI 24.1–94.0) and 22.7 (95% CI 12.0–38.2) and for the prespecified WID‐qEC SUM‐PMR ≥ 0.3 were 100% (95% CI 56.1–100.0) and 76.1 (96%CI 60.9–86.9), respectively. In addition, 15 CCs were detected by the WID‐qEC test [sensitivity 100% (95% CI 74.7–100.0)]. The WID‐qEC test accurately detects both EC and CC in black women presenting with AUB.
Does Peer‐to‐Peer Lending Have Resilience During the COVID‐19 Pandemic? Evidence From China
Authors: Wang Ziwei , Yang Haijun , Wu Harris
Published: December 2024

Does Peer‐to‐Peer (P2P) lending, a digital FinTech platform, show resilience in response to COVID‐19 shocks? We examine this question by considering both the absorbing and adapting abilities based on psychological perceptions and objective infection cases. We collect data on infection cases, the Baidu search index, and 54,166 textual news articles to propose a novel perspective that incorporates both subjective psychological perceptions and objective infection cases to measure the response of P2P lending firms to COVID‐19 shocks. We calculate the extent of P2P lending's resilience using four metrics: maximum loss, total loss, recovery periods, and net impacts from local projections impulse responses. Our findings demonstrate that P2P lending displays resilience, as its total trade volume, new investors, and new investments initially decrease slightly and then rebound in response to the COVID‐19 shock. Psychological perception of COVID‐19 shocks, rather than objective infection, elicits a more pronounced response in the performance of P2P lending firms.
CGPDTA: An Explainable Transfer Learning‐Based Predictor With Molecule Substructure Graph for Drug‐Target Binding Affinity
Authors: Fan Qing , Liu Yingxu , Zhang Simeng , Ning Xiangzhen , Xu Chengcheng , Han Weijie , Zhang Yanmin , Chen Yadong , Shen Jun , Liu Haichun
Published: December 2024

Identifying interactions between drugs and targets is crucial for drug discovery and development. Nevertheless, the determination of drug‐target binding affinities (DTAs) through traditional experimental methods is a time‐consuming process. Conventional approaches to predicting drug‐target interactions (DTIs) frequently prove inadequate due to an insufficient representation of drugs and targets, resulting in ineffective feature capture and questionable interpretability of results. To address these challenges, we introduce CGPDTA, a novel deep learning framework empowered by transfer learning, designed explicitly for the accurate prediction of DTAs. CGPDTA leverages the complementarity of drug–drug and protein–protein interaction knowledge through advanced drug and protein language models. It further enhances predictive capability and interpretability by incorporating molecular substructure graphs and protein pocket sequences to represent local features of drugs and targets effectively. Our findings demonstrate that CGPDTA not only outperforms existing methods in accuracy but also provides meaningful insights into the predictive process, marking a significant advancement in the field of drug discovery.
Facilitative Leadership: Re‐Framing Narratives to Navigate Conflict and Difference
Authors: Bolden Richard , Gosling Jonathan
Published: December 2024

The current paper explores the facilitative role of leadership in the context of peacebuilding and conflict resolution. It highlights the importance of skilled facilitation in navigating complex, multi‐stakeholder environments characterized by divergent perspectives and interests. The authors suggest that conflicts can sometimes be unlocked by re‐framing the kind of narrative that parties and peacemakers jointly inhabit; in these cases, peace leadership works at two levels—to enable a narrative re‐framing and to facilitate appropriate peace‐making within‐the‐frame. When successful, these two rather different leadership functions enable constructive dialogue toward shared understanding and commitment. The paper develops the notion of hybrid configurations of leadership, illustrating how various leadership styles and processes coexist and interact. It suggests how peace‐leaders may use narrative re‐framing to help create more inclusive narratives that transcend divisions and locate conflicts in a wider context. The conclusion calls for further research into the hybrid styles of leadership appropriate to varied types of facilitation and suggests practical implications for leadership research, development, and practice, particularly in sustaining adaptive spaces for open communication and develop mutual respect in contexts characterized by conflict and difference.
Exciton Thermodynamics in Pure Diamond
Authors: Cheng Lu , Zheng Wei
Published: December 2024

Low‐temperature condensation thermodynamics is a fundamental research in the field of condensed matter physics. Prior studies have extensively explored the exciton condensation of indirect‐bandgap semiconductors like silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge), which predominantly focus on temperature effects but neglect the relationship between the initial condensed state and the external excitation power density. Here, based on pure diamond, the impact of excitation power density on condensed‐state thermodynamics is analyzed. With power density as a key variable, an inter‐dependency among exciton, electron–hole plasma, and electron–hole droplets can be observed in diamond. For instance, as the average excitation power density increases (6.15 to 246 mW cm−2), the exciton emission quenching temperature rises from 60 to 120 K. This is because the variation in initial states of the excitonic condensed phase under different excitation power densities leads to the changes in quenching energy, which subsequently affects the temperature dependence of the exciton quenching. This study pioneers a novel approach to explore luminescent thermodynamics in indirect‐bandgap semiconductors with both excitation power density and temperature considered as dimensions simultaneously.
Is Virtual Reality Lonely? The VR–Isolation Stereotype and Its Impact on VR Adoption
Authors: Slivkin Nikolay , Elgaaied‐Gambier Leila , Hamdi‐Kidar Linda
Published: December 2024

Despite the promise that virtual reality (VR) technology would be the new media of unprecedented connectedness, our investigation reveals that non‐owners perceive VR as a medium of social isolation, which may hinder its broader acceptance. Drawing on innovation resistance theory, we empirically test the existence of an implicit cognitive association between VR and isolation and then analyze the effects of this bias on VR adoption. Implicit Association Tests (IAT) used in Studies 1a (N = 199) and 1b (N = 200) identify a significant bias, associating VR with isolation. Study 2 (N = 401) further demonstrates the negative association of this bias with the societal image of VR users, potentially deterring willingness to engage with VR technology. Identification and intention to imitate emerge as relevant mediators. Studies 3a (N = 329) and 3b (N = 200) reveal that consumers' perceptions of isolation decrease when VR users are shown interacting with other people in real life (physical presence) but not when they are interacting through the VR platform (virtual presence). This research contributes to the understanding of innovation resistance and VR adoption by underscoring the importance of confronting and reshaping subconscious stereotypes about VR and its users.
Prevalence of Pathogenic Transthyretin Gene Variants in the Rocky Mountain Region
Authors: Jacoby Ellie , Quan Dianna , Todd Emily , Shortt Jonathan , Smith Harry , Rafaels Nicholas , Crooks Kristy ,   CCPM biobank Author Banner list
Published: December 2024

Introduction/Aims

Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRv) is a genetic condition caused by pathogenic variants in the transthyretin (TTR) gene resulting in multisystem amyloid deposition, especially in peripheral nerve and heart. Information on the prevalence of ATTRv in the United States is limited. The objective of this study was to understand the prevalence and genetic ancestry in the Val142Ile population in a large regional US population.

Methods

Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine (CCPM) biobank collects specimens from consenting adults seen throughout the University of Colorado Health System, a large tertiary healthcare system within the Rocky Mountain Region (RMR). Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array genotyping and whole exome sequencing (WES) were performed for genetic research. Prevalence of TTR variants was studied.

Results

A total of 73,346 participants had genetic testing; 151 (0.21%) individuals had a pathogenic or likely pathogenic TTR variant. The most common variant was Val142Ile, making up 82.61% of TTR variants found. Over four percent of people with African non‐Hispanic ancestry had a Val142Ile variant.

Discussion

The most common TTR variant in our study was Val142Ile, the most common variant in the United States (US). Similar to other US‐based studies, affected individuals were predominantly of African, non‐Hispanic ancestry. The availability of treatments for symptomatic ATTRv patients raises opportunities and challenges for biobanks as the identification of at‐risk individuals places pressure on highly specialized centers and providers to see patients for screening and follow‐up.
Analysis of Combustion Properties of Tungsten/Copper Oxide Pyrotechnic Delay Composition
Authors: Hao Bo , Xu Caixian , Chen Geng , Lu Yuangen , Zhang Li
Published: December 2024

In response to issues such as poor accuracy and unstable delay times encountered in the practical use of tungsten‐based delay compositions, an analysis of the combustion performance of tungsten‐based delay compositions with the addition of copper oxide was conducted. This study selected five tungsten‐based composite delay compositions prepared by blending tungsten‐based delay compositions with copper oxide at different content, aiming to investigate the influence of varying copper oxide proportions on the combustion characteristics of tungsten‐based delay compositions. Microscopic morphologies and thermal decomposition behaviors of the tungsten/copper oxide delay compositions were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), while combustion products were examined by X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The results indicate that copper oxide exerts a strong catalytic decomposition effect on tungsten‐based delay compositions. Specifically, a low concentration of copper oxide enhances the combustion rate of tungsten‐based delay compositions, while an increase in copper oxide content subsequently slows down the combustion rate. Notably, tungsten‐based delay compositions with 9% copper oxide content demonstrate high precision, good stability, and a relatively slow combustion rate, offering a wider range of adjustability for controlling the combustion speed of delay compositions and providing a feasible method for managing the delay time range in practical applications.
Crucial Role of c‐Myc/Monocarboxylate Transporter 4 Signaling in Capsaicin Induced Apoptotic and Anti‐Warburg Effects in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Suh Jin Young , Sim Deok Yong , Ahn Chi‐Hoon , Park Su‐Yeon , Shim Bum‐Sang , Kim Bonglee , Lee Dae Young , Jeong Hyo Bong , Lee Hye Eun , Kim Sung‐Hoon
Published: December 2024

Though Capsaicin from chili peppers was known to have antitumor effects in several cancers, the underlying antitumor pathogenesis of Capsaicin is not clear to date. Thus, the antitumor mechanism of Capsaicin was explored in Hep3B and Huh7 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells in relation to c‐Myc/monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) signaling. To elucidate the antitumor mechanism of capsaicin, cytotoxicity assay, cell cycle analysis, Western blotting, RT‐qPCR, RNA interference, ELISA, immunoprecipitation, and mouse xenograft model were used in this work. Capsaicin increased the cytotoxicity, subG1 population, and the number of TUNEL‐positive bodies in Huh7 and Hep3B cells. Consistently, Capsaicin diminished the expression of pro‐PARP, HK2, PKM2, LDHA, glucose transporter type 1 (Glut1), c‐Myc, and monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) in Huh7 and Hep3B cells, along with decreased production of glucose, lactate, and ATP. However, a glycolysis end product pyruvate treatment reversed the capacity of Capsaicin to attenuate the expression of pro‐PARP, HK2, c‐Myc, and MCT4 in Hep3B cells. Furthermore, Capsaicin reduced c‐Myc stability in the presence of cycloheximide and induced c‐Myc ubiquitination in Hep3B cells, while c‐Myc directly binds to MCT4 as a lactate transporter and downstream of c‐Myc in Hep3B cells by immunoprecipitation and correlation factor (Spearman efficient = 0.0027). Furthermore, a preliminary analysis of an animal study reveals that Capsaicin significantly suppressed the growth of Hep3B cells inoculated in BALB/c nude mice without hurting body weight, liver, and spleen. Our findings provide novel evidence that Capsaicin exerts apoptotic and anti‐Warburg effect via c‐Myc/MCT4 signaling axis as a potent anticancer candidate for liver cancer therapy.
Simultaneous Photon and Phonon Lasing From Pumping Optomechanical Systems with a Two‐Tone Field
Authors: Eremeev Vitalie , Molinares Hugo , Correa Luis A. , He Bing
Published: December 2024

Achieving simultaneous lasing of photons and phonons in optomechanical setups has great potential for applications in quantum information processing, high precision sensing and the design of hybrid photonic–phononic devices. Here, this possibility is explored with an optomechanical system driven by a two‐tone field. Whenever the difference between the driving frequencies matches the associated mechanical frequency, the photon and phonon populations are found to achieve steady‐state coherent oscillations, demonstrating a dual lasing phenomenon. Such drive–tone resonance condition can synchronize the phases of the photon and phonon fields, which facilitates a robust simultaneous lasing. Here, analytical insights into the joint amplification of the optical and mechanical modes are provided, and further confirm the dual lasing phenomenon by numerically calculating the relevant correlation functions and the power spectrum. This setup, consisting of a single optomechanical cavity, is simpler than previous realizations of dual lasing and provides a clean understanding of the underlying mechanisms. This work thus paves the way for the development of novel strategies for the optimisation of optomechanical interactions through tailored driving schemes.
Iodine/TBHP‐Promoted Cross Coupling of N‐Hydroxy Aryl Sulfonamides and Disulfides to Synthesize Unsymmetrical Thiosulfonates
Authors: Solanke Jayshree , Chatterjee Rana , Gat Savita , Dandela Rambabu
Published: December 2024

An efficient and novel method has been developed for the synthesis of structurally diverse unsymmetrical thiosulfonates via the oxidative coupling reactions of N‐hydroxy aryl sulfonamides and disulfides. The iodine and TBHP system enables the transformations to afford a variety of thiosulfonates with good to high yields. Furthermore, the large‐scale synthesis and practical application to access sulfonamide have been investigated. Notably, the present protocol offers easily accessible materials, a wide range of substrates, radical pathways, and metal‐free conditions.
Rhodamine‐Based Fluorescence Probe for Monitoring of Lysosomal pH: Spectroscopic Insights and Cellular Applications
Authors: Bhuinya Parnashree , Guha Subhabrata , Roy Swarnak , Dutta Prakash , Dey Sandeep Kumar , Sukul Pradip Kumar , Das Gaurav , Goswami Tamal , Kar Chirantan
Published: December 2024

Lysosomes play a pivotal role in various cellular processes, and their dysregulation can lead to severe health conditions. Monitoring lysosomal pH changes in real time is crucial for understanding and controlling lysosome‐related disorders. Herein, we report the development of a rhodamine‐based fluorescence probe, Rh‐Mo, designed for lysosomal pH sensing and lysosome‐specific imaging of human cells. Spectroscopic studies reveal that Rh‐Mo undergoes a color change and fluorescence enhancement in acidic conditions. The probe exhibits a high fluorescence quantum yield at acidic pH (0.84 at pH = 4.0) and a pKa value of 5.85, enabling sensitive detection of lysosomal pH changes. Theoretical calculations support the mechanism of protonation‐induced ring opening, elucidating the spectroscopic behavior of Rh‐Mo. In cellular studies, Rh‐Mo exhibits low cytotoxicity and efficient uptake and colocalization with lysosomes in MCF‐7 cells, highlighting its potential for bioimaging applications.
Ultrasensitive and Selective Detection of Chromium(VI) Using Biowaste Derived Fluorescent Nanoprobes of Hydrothermally Synthesized Carbon‐Dots
Authors: Ghosh Anupam , Boro Bibekjyoti , Chowdhury Sayak Saha , Ranjan Rahul , Dasgupta Nandita , Ranjan Shivendu
Published: December 2024

The Selective detection of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI), a highly toxic and carcinogenic form of chromium, at nanomolar concentration is critical due to its widespread industrial use and severe environmental and health impacts. This study presents the synthesis and application of carbon dots (CDs) derived from banana peel biowaste as a fluorescent nanosensor for the ultrasensitive and selective detection of Cr(VI). The CDs were synthesized through hydrothermal carbonization, yielding an average size of 1.9 nm, a quantum yield of 5%, and maximum fluorescence emission at 440 nm. The CDs displayed strong fluorescence quenching in Cr(VI), with minimal interference from other metal ions, highlighting their higher selectivity. CDs detection limit for Cr(VI) was determined as 52 nM or 2.7 ppb, significantly lower than those reported in recent studies, demonstrating the superior sensitivity. The quenching mechanism was further explored using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), indicating that Cr(VI) undergoes reduction to Cr(III) upon interaction with the nitrogen‐containing surface functional groups of the CDs, suggesting a chemisorption process. This approach aligns with circular economy principles and supports achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs). Utilizing biowaste for synthesizing nanomaterials offers a promising pathway for creating environment friendly and cost‐effective sensors for detecting toxic metals.
(±) Citronellal Exerts Antidepressant and Modulatory Effects on Duloxetine Possibly Through Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Interaction Pathway: In Vivo Approach with Molecular Docking
Authors: Chowdhury Raihan , Bhuia Md. Shimul , Rakib Asraful Islam , Sheikh Salehin , Ahmmed Shakil , Situ Sharmita Ghosh , Ansari Siddique Akber , Ansari Irfan Aamer , Islam Muhammad Torequl
Published: December 2024

This study aims to assess the antidepressant and modulatory activities of citronellal (CIT) on duloxetine (DUX) and its possible underlying mechanisms through in vivo and in silico studies. Hence, the forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), and open field test (OFT) were carried out. Mice were treated with different doses of CIT (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, p.o.), while DUX (15 mg/kg, p.o.) was used as a positive control and a vehicle served as a negative control. Additionally, molecular docking was conducted to evaluate binding interactions. Results demonstrated that CIT dose‐dependently and significantly (p < 0.05) alleviated immobility time in both the FST and TST. At a dose of 200 mg/kg, CIT showed notable effects with immobility times of 42.17 ± 3.70 and 70.17 ± 2.56 s in the FST and TST, respectively. In combination therapy, CIT (100 mg/kg) modulated the activity of DUX. However, antidepressant activity is confirmed by the OFT test, which reduced the locomotion activity. Further, CIT exhibited a moderate binding affinity (−6.1 kcal/mol) toward both the serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake transporters (SRT and NRT) by forming several bonds. In conclusion, CIT demonstrated moderate antidepressant activity, possibly by interacting with SRT and NRT.
Construction of Optimal Orthogonal Partition
Authors: Wang Jing , Ren Yaoxin , Lin Xiao , Pang Shanqi
Published: December 2024

Orthogonal partitions play a crucial role in orthogonal array theory, design of experiments and quantum information theory. The optimisation of orthogonal partitions can improve the saturation percentages of orthogonal arrays (OAs) obtained by the orthogonal partition method. In particular, optimal orthogonal partitions of strength 1 are of great practical utility. However, there is still a scarcity of results about orthogonal partitions, especially optimal ones. In this paper, the definition of an optimal orthogonal partition is proposed, and we construct optimal orthogonal partitions of OAs by several construction methods, such as orthogonal partition method, difference scheme construction, generalised product construction and construction. As an application, we obtain various optimal orthogonal partitions and OAs with higher saturation percentages.
Enhancing self‐healing in bio‐mineralized concrete with steel slag aggregates and Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Ahmad Bilal , Shabbir Faisal , Raza Ali , Shaheen Nafeesa , Ahmed Mohd
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the impact of incorporating steel slag aggregates (SSAs) into bio‐mineralized concrete to enhance its SH properties. Bacillus subtilis vegetative cells are integrated to improve the concrete's healing efficacy. The effects of microbes were evaluated through damage healing measurements and the restoration of compressive strength (COS) over different durations. Characterization techniques, including x‐ray fluorescence, x‐ray diffraction (XRD), energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), were used to analyze the SH process in concrete using carbonated SSA as carrier media. The results demonstrated that SSA serves as an effective carrier for microbial proliferation, significantly improving damage‐healing performance. The immobilization of microbes (107 cells/mL) via SSA showed the highest fracture healing efficiency of 1.023 mm. The inclusion of microbes (107 cells/mL) in SSA aggregate concrete resulted in notable COS restoration after pre‐damage by 32.29%, 31.53%, and 18.97% at 3, 7, and 28 days, respectively. FE‐SEM, XRD, and EDS spot analysis identified calcite as SH precipitates, crucial for enhancing self‐healed concrete performance. The cost of microbial concrete is 115.25% higher than traditional concrete due to the additional expense of calcium lactate and microbial culture, but its SH properties can prevent early damage, extend the life of structures, reduce repair costs, and mitigate carbon emissions.
Navigating the Golden Triangle: The Need to Jointly Consider Modularization and Interface Choices When Making Performance, Cost, and Schedule Tradeoffs for Complex System Development
Authors: Topcu Taylan G. , Szajnfarber Zoe
Published: December 2024

Decomposition is a critical enabler of complex system development, as it enables both task specialization and efficiency through parallel work. The process of decomposing involves partitioning system parameters into tightly coupled modules and managing any cross‐module coupling by designing passive interfaces or through active coordination. A rich literature has developed algorithms and tools to support this process. However, we contend that this view has placed too much emphasis on module selection, and not enough on the interaction with interface design. This perspective has significant implications for lifecycle costs and development time. To that end, this study explores how earlier consideration of interface design can create more valuable options to better navigate performance, cost, and schedule tradeoffs. Specifically, through an abstract simulation experiment, we demonstrate that (1) a sequential approach that first selects modules and then designs interfaces to support those modules, yields lower performance than an integrated approach that considers modules and supporting interfaces simultaneously; and (2) this result is even stronger when schedule and cost are considered as part of the evaluation. In other words, an integrated approach provides more options for project managers seeking to navigate the performance‐cost‐schedule tradeoff known as the golden triangle. These results emphasize the need for a decomposition aid that adopts a holistic view of the optimization problem, accounting for interface creation, intra‐organization collaboration, and valuing nonperformance measures of effectiveness.
Comparison of open and laparoscopic appendectomy according to the trimester of pregnancy: A nationwide observational study
Authors: Sugai Shunya , Sasabuchi Yusuke , Yasunaga Hideo , Aso Shotaro , Matsui Hiroki , Fushimi Kiyohide , Yoshihara Kosuke , Nishijima Koji
Published: December 2024

Objective

To compare the outcomes of open appendectomy (OA) and laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) for acute appendicitis during pregnancy by trimester.

Methods

We conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort study using the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database in Japan. We identified pregnant women diagnosed with appendicitis who underwent OA or LA from 2010 to 2022. Pathological confirmation of appendicitis was not required for inclusion. The patients were categorized by the trimester of pregnancy. Outcomes were compared using multivariate analysis with generalized estimating equations.

Results

A total of 1624 patients were included. In the first trimester, 64.2% patients underwent OA, whereas 35.8% patients underwent LA; in the second trimester, 59.1% patients had OA and 40.9% patients had LA; and in the third trimester, 72.8% patients had OA and 27.2% patients had LA. LA was associated with a higher rate of preterm labor, preterm delivery, or abortion in the second (odds ratio, 3.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.76–6.47; and p < 0.001) and third trimesters (odds ratio, 2.57; 95% confidence interval, 1.15–5.70; and p = 0.021) but not in the first trimester. The duration of surgery was longer across all trimesters in patients who underwent LA. Additionally, the postoperative hospital stay was shorter in patients who had LA than in those who had OA in the second trimester.

Conclusions

In‐hospital outcomes vary by trimester, and our results suggest that LA does not consistently lead to better outcomes than OA. Based on our findings, treatment options for appendicitis during pregnancy must be carefully selected.
Difference equations and integral families for Witten diagrams
Authors: Alaverdian Mark , Herderschee Aidan , Roiban Radu , Teng Fei
Published: December 2024

Abstract

We show that tree-level and one-loop Mellin space correlators in anti-de Sitter space obey certain difference equations, which are the direct analog to the differential equations for Feynman loop integrals in the flat space. Finite-difference relations, which we refer to as “summation-by-parts relations”, in parallel with the integration-by-parts relations for Feynman loop integrals, are derived to reduce the integrals to a basis. We illustrate the general methodology by explicitly deriving the difference equations and summation-by-parts relations for various tree-level and one-loop Witten diagrams up to the four-point bubble level.
Higher derivative heterotic supergravity on a torus and supersymmetry
Authors: Jayaprakash Sabarenath , Liu James T.
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Ignoring ten-dimensional heterotic gauge fields, heterotic supergravity reduced on a d-dimensional torus gives rise to a half-maximal supergravity coupled to d vector multiplets. The reduced theory has a continuous O(d, d; ℝ)/O(d)− × O(d)+ symmetry that persists to all perturbative orders in the string α′ expansion. We highlight this symmetry by explicitly reducing the bosonic sector of four-derivative heterotic supergravity as well as its fermionic supersymmetry variations. After appropriate field redefinitions, the resulting action and supersymmetry variations are manifestly O(d)− × O(d)+ invariant. This reduction allows us to explore the interplay between the gravity and vector multiplets beyond leading order, where (in our conventions) O(d)− is the supergravity R-symmetry while O(d)+ is a flavor symmetry of the d vector multiplets.
Sprachentwicklungstest für zweijährige Kinder (2;0–2;11 Jahre) – Auswertung multizentrischer Daten von Kindern mit Cochleaimplantat nach bilateraler Versorgung
Authors: Kröger Stefanie , Aschendorff Antje , Glaubitz Cynthia , Kreibohm-Strauß Kerstin , Kronesser Dominique , Seebens Yvonne , Streicher Barbara , Overlach Fabian , Rother Stephanie , Beck Rainer
Published: December 2024

Hintergrund

Ein zeitgerechter Spracherwerb ist eines der Kernziele der Rehabilitation bei Kindern, die mit einem Cochleaimplantat (CI) versorgt wurden. Verschiedene Testverfahren werden zur Beurteilung herangezogen, so auch der Sprachentwicklungstest für zweijährige Kinder (SETK-2). Alle Verfahren wurden an normalhörenden Kindern normiert, zusätzlich erfolgt die Auswertung teils nach Lebensalter, teils gemäß Zeitraum nach der CI-Versorgung (Höralter). In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wird momentan bestehende Praxis beschrieben und soweit möglich bewertet.

Material/Methode

In einer multizentrischen retrospektiven Studie wurden von 5 CI-Centren 375 Datensätze des SETK‑2 von kongenital tauben und bilateral mit CI versorgten Kindern erhoben. Alle wurden vor Vollendung des 4. Lebensjahres versorgt, der Abstand betrug bei bilateraler CI-Versorgung weniger als 12 Monate.

Ergebnisse

Alle Subtests der betrachteten Gruppen schnitten mit Ausnahme des Verstehens für Wörter in der Auswertung nach Hör- und Lebensalter signifikant schlechter als die Normstichprobe ab. Einzelergebnisse zeigten gleich gute oder sogar bessere Leitungen im Vergleich zur Normstichprobe. Je komplexer die geprüfte Leistung war, desto höher war der Anteil der auffälligen Testergebnisse. Der Zeitpunkt der Implantation zeigte keinen wesentlichen Einfluss auf die Testergebnisse.

Schlussfolgerung

Die Auswertung des SETK‑2 sollte nach Lebensalter erfolgen, da sonst die Entwicklung im frühen Spracherwerb falsch eingeschätzt und Interventionen zu spät initiiert werden könnten. Außerdem lässt die Beurteilung nach Höralter die Kognition des Kindes außer Acht.
The use of automated insulin delivery around physical activity and exercise in type 1 diabetes: a position statement of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) and the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD)
Authors: Moser Othmar , Zaharieva Dessi P. , Adolfsson Peter , Battelino Tadej , Bracken Richard M. , Buckingham Bruce A. , Danne Thomas , Davis Elizabeth A. , Dovč Klemen , Forlenza Gregory P. , Gillard Pieter , Hofer Sabine E. , Hovorka Roman , Jacobs Peter G. , Mader Julia K. , Mathieu Chantal , Nørgaard Kirsten , Oliver Nick S. , O’Neal David N. , Pemberton John , Rabasa-Lhoret Rémi , Sherr Jennifer L. , Sourij Harald , Tauschmann Martin , Yardley Jane E. , Riddell Michael C.
Published: December 2024

Regular physical activity and exercise (PA) are cornerstones of diabetes care for individuals with type 1 diabetes. In recent years, the availability of automated insulin delivery (AID) systems has improved the ability of people with type 1 diabetes to achieve the recommended glucose target ranges. PA provide additional health benefits but can cause glucose fluctuations, which challenges current AID systems. While an increasing number of clinical trials and reviews are being published on different AID systems and PA, it seems prudent at this time to collate this information and develop a position statement on the topic. This joint European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)/International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) position statement reviews current evidence on AID systems and provides detailed clinical practice points for managing PA in children, adolescents and adults with type 1 diabetes using AID technology. It discusses each commercially available AID system individually and provides guidance on their use in PA. Additionally, it addresses different glucose responses to PA and provides stratified therapy options to maintain glucose levels within the target ranges for these age groups.

Graphical Abstract
Kinetic description of flow detachment at a smooth micro-step: the near-free-molecular regime
Authors: Ben-Adva D. , Tatsios G. , Manela A.
Published: December 2024

We study the pressure-driven steady gas flow, imposed by temperature or density gradients, over a backward-facing step in a two-dimensional microchannel. Focusing on the near-free-molecular regime of high Knudsen (

$$\textrm{Kn}$$

Kn

) numbers, the problem is analyzed asymptotically based on the Bhatnagar, Gross and Krook kinetic model, and supported by numerical Discrete Velocity Method and Direct Simulation Monte Carlo calculations. The wall conditions are formulated using the Maxwell model, superposing specular and diffuse surface conditions. The asymptotic solution contains the leading-order free-molecular description and a first-order integral representation of the near-free-molecular correction. Our results indicate that flow separation at the step can occur at arbitrarily large (yet finite) Knudsen numbers in channels with specular surfaces (i.e., having an accommodation coefficient of

$$\alpha = 0$$

α
=
0

), driven by temperature differences between the inlet and outlet reservoirs. It is then shown that detachment is significantly suppressed by density variations between reservoirs and partially diffuse surfaces (with

$$\alpha \gtrsim 0.3$$

α
≳
0.3

). While the mass flow rate in a specular channel decreases with decreasing

$$\mathrm {Kn\gg 1}$$

Kn
≫
1

in a density-driven setup (in line with the Knudsen Paradox), it increases in a temperature-driven flow. The results are obtained for arbitrary differences between the inlet and outlet reservoir equilibrium properties, and are rationalized using the linearized problem formulation.
Analysis And Spectral Theory Of Neck-Stretching Problems
Authors: Langlais Thibault
Published: December 2024

We study the mapping properties of a large class of elliptic operators

$$P_T$$

P
T

in gluing problems where two non-compact manifolds with asymptotically cylindrical geometry are glued along a neck of length 2T. In the limit where

$$T \rightarrow \infty $$

T
→
∞

, we reduce the question of constructing approximate solutions of

$$P_T u = f$$

P
T

u
=
f

to a finite-dimensional linear system, and provide a geometric interpretation of the obstructions to solving this system. Under some assumptions on the real roots of the model operator

$$P_0$$

P
0

on the cylinder, we construct a Fredholm inverse for

$$P_T$$

P
T

with good control on the growth of its norm. As applications of our method, we study the decay rate and density of the low eigenvalues of the Laplacian acting on differential forms, and give improved estimates for compact

$$G_2$$

G
2

-manifolds constructed by twisted connected sum. We relate our results to the swampland distance conjectures in physics.
An empirical assessment of the role of independence filters in temporal activity analyses using camera trapping data
Authors: Smith Kyle
Published: December 2024

Independence filters are commonly applied to camera trapping data when determining the temporal activity patterns of species or populations. However, recent research challenges the validity of independence filters, stating that it leads to flawed inferences of temporal activity patterns and a substantial reduction in sample sizes, and should not be used. This study presents an empirical counter-argument using data from Snapshot Serengeti. By manually applying 60-minute independence filters, common behaviours influencing the reliability of activity patterns derived from density-based analyses in African savanna species were identified. Results showed that applying independence filters primarily leads to decreased midday activity densities, mainly due to herding behaviour and the prevalent use of shade in a tree-sparse savanna. Idle herds or individuals that feed or rest in front of camera traps also influenced derived activity patterns. Furthermore, it is confirmed that adequate sample sizes are generally maintained after applying independence filters. The findings from this study highlight the shortcomings of the recent research disputing the use of independence filters in temporal activity analyses and underscore the importance of a comprehensive approach of inspecting data, understanding species behaviour, and considering regional environmental characteristics. This will ensure more accurate representations of species’ true temporal activity patterns.
Uptake of COVID-19 Vaccination and Related Factors Among People who Inject Drugs, San Francisco, 2022
Authors: Sadaat Said Iftekhar , Marr Alexander , Mirzazadeh Ali , Suprasert Bow , Tate Moranda , Wilson Erin , McFarland Willi
Published: December 2024

We assessed the uptake of COVID-19 vaccination in a community-recruited sample of people who inject drugs (PWID) in San Francisco in 2022. Overall, 72.4% (95% CI 64.6–80.3) were vaccinated for COVID-19. Independent predictors of vaccination were age 65 years and older (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 9.7, 95% CI 2.2–28.7) and ever testing positive for COVID-19 (AOR 2.0, 95% CI 1.2–3.5). Homelessness was associated with lower COVID-19 vaccination (AOR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3–0.8). Our study underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions to address unique challenges faced by PWID in accessing COVID-19 vaccination, particularly for those experiencing homelessness and who are younger.
Recovering population of the southern sea otter suppresses a global marine invader
Authors: Jeppesen Rikke , de Rivera Catherine E. , Grosholz Edwin D. , Tinker M. Tim , Hughes Brent B. , Eby Ron , Wasson Kerstin
Published: December 2024

Understanding the role of apex predators on ecosystems is essential for designing effective conservation strategies. Supporting recovery of apex predators can have many benefits; one that has been rarely examined is control of invasive prey. We investigated whether a recovering apex predator, the southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis), can exert local control over a global marine invader, the green crab (Carcinus maenas). We determined that southern sea otters in Elkhorn Slough estuary in California can consume large numbers of invasive green crabs and found strong negative relationships in space and time between otter and green crab abundance. Green crabs persisted at highest abundance in this estuary at sites with artificial tidal restriction that were not accessible to otters. Green crab abundance remained lower in this estuary than in all other estuaries in the region, which lack resident sea otters. Conservation organizations and agencies have invested heavily in recovery of southern sea otters, increasing their numbers in this estuary. Restoration of natural tidal exchange, lost marshes, and seagrass beds further support sea otter populations. We have demonstrated that these investments in top predator recovery and habitat restoration have reduced the impacts of a global invader. Our investigation highlights that investment in recovery of top predators can increase beneficial food web interactions and resilience of the entire ecosystem.
Service and Treatment Factors as Predictors of Satisfaction with Mental Health Services Among Service Users with Psychosis
Authors: Skar-Fröding Regina , Clausen Hanne Kristin , Biringer Eva , Ruud Torleif , Šaltyte Benth Jurate , Veland Mina , S. Heiervang Kristin
Published: December 2024

Satisfaction with services among service users is an important aspect of quality in mental health care. This prospective study investigated associations between service and treatment factors at baseline and satisfaction with services at 18-month follow-up among service users with psychosis in specialist mental health services. Data were collected from 119 service users with psychosis and their clinicians from 26 clinical sites across Norway at baseline and after 18 months. Satisfaction with services was measured using the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire-8 (CSQ-8). Linear mixed models with random intercepts for units were estimated to test the association between service- and treatment-related predictors and the CSQ-8. Participating in the Individual Placement and Support program or other interventions to promote work or study, receiving well-coordinated services, and receiving helpful assistance from a general practitioner at baseline were positively associated with satisfaction with services at 18-month follow-up. The present results suggest that receiving integrated and well-coordinated services and targeting the goal of facilitating employment and study opportunities is important for satisfaction with services among service users with psychosis.
The Archaeology of Cannibalism: a Review of the Taphonomic Traits Associated with Survival and Ritualistic Cannibalism
Authors: Bello Silvia M.
Published: December 2024

Taphonomic studies of osteoarchaeological human assemblages have mainly focused on establishing recognisable markers that allow us to discriminate between humanly induced modifications from natural causes, or how to differentiate cannibalism from secondary burial. Less attention has been dedicated to recognise specific taphonomic patterns associated with the different motivations for cannibalism. In this paper, I present a review of archaeological human assemblages whose induced modifications have been interpreted either as survival or ritualistic cannibalism, based on their association with historic and ethnographic evidence. The broad range of different butchery and modification patterns observed for these assemblages suggests that the osteological evidence and the frequency of taphonomic traits alone cannot be used to unequivocally identify different forms of cannibalism. However, the environmental, historical and archaeological contexts can offer indications on the type of cannibalism practiced. In particular, the strongest arguments for cannibalism as a survival event are found within the environmental context and the opportunistic behaviour associated with the cannibalistic act. On the other hand, evidence for ritualistic cannibalism comes from its recurrent appearance within a historical context, as a widespread activity over time and as an established customary behaviour for the group involved.
Stable Periodic Orbits for Delay Differential Equations with Unimodal Feedback
Authors: Benedek Gábor , Krisztin Tibor , Szczelina Robert
Published: December 2024

We consider delay differential equations of the form $$ y^{\prime }(t)=-ay(t)+bf(y(t-1)) $$

y
′

(
t
)

=
-
a
y

(
t
)

+
b
f

(
y

(
t
-
1
)

)

with positive parameters a, b and a unimodal $$f:[0,\infty )\rightarrow [0,1]$$

f
:
[
0
,
∞
)
→
[
0
,
1
]

. It is assumed that the nonlinear f is close to a function $$g:[0,\infty )\rightarrow [0,1]$$

g
:
[
0
,
∞
)
→
[
0
,
1
]

with $$g(\xi )=0$$

g
(
ξ
)
=
0

for all $$\xi >1$$

ξ
>
1

. The fact $$g(\xi )=0$$

g
(
ξ
)
=
0

for all $$\xi >1$$

ξ
>
1

allows to construct stable periodic orbits for the equation $$x^{\prime }(t)=-cx(t)+dg(x(t-1))$$

x
′

(
t
)

=
-
c
x

(
t
)

+
d
g

(
x

(
t
-
1
)

)

with some parameters $$d>c>0$$

d
>
c
>
0

. Then it is shown that the equation $$ y^{\prime }(t)=-ay(t)+bf(y(t-1)) $$

y
′

(
t
)

=
-
a
y

(
t
)

+
b
f

(
y

(
t
-
1
)

)

also has a stable periodic orbit provided a, b, f are sufficiently close to c, d, g in a certain sense. The examples include $$f(\xi )=\frac{\xi ^k}{1+\xi ^n}$$

f

(
ξ
)

=

ξ
k

1
+

ξ
n

for parameters $$k>0$$

k
>
0

and $$n>0$$

n
>
0

together with the discontinuous $$g(\xi )=\xi ^k$$

g

(
ξ
)

=

ξ
k

for $$\xi \in [0,1)$$

ξ
∈
[
0
,
1
)

, and $$g(\xi )=0$$

g
(
ξ
)
=
0

for $$\xi >1$$

ξ
>
1

. The case $$k=1$$

k
=
1

is the famous Mackey–Glass equation, the case $$k>1$$

k
>
1

appears in population models with Allee effect, and the case $$k\in (0,1)$$

k
∈
(
0
,
1
)

arises in some economic growth models. The obtained stable periodic orbits may have complicated structures.
Comparison of the power and type 1 error of total score models for drug effect detection in clinical trials
Authors: Haem Elham , Karlsson Mats O. , Ueckert Sebastian
Published: December 2024

Composite scale data consists of numerous categorical questions/items that are often summed as a total score and are commonly utilized as primary endpoints in clinical trials. These endpoints are conceptually discrete and constrained by nature. Item response theory (IRT) is a powerful approach for detecting drug effects in composite scale data from clinical trials, but estimating all parameters requires a large sample size and all item information, which may not be available. Therefore, total score models are often utilized. The most popular total score models are continuous variable (CV) models, but this strategy establishes assumptions that go against the integer nature, and typically also the bounded nature, of data. Bounded integer (BI) and Coarsened grid (CG) models respect the nature of the data. However, their power to detect drug effects has not been as thoroughly studied in clinical trials. When an IRT model is accessible, IRT-informed models (I-BI and I-CV) are promising methods in which the mean and variability of the total score at any position are extracted from the existing IRT model. In this study, total score data were simulated from the MDS-UPDRS motor subscale. Then, the power, type 1 error, and treatment effect bias of six total score models for detecting drug effects in clinical trials were explored. Further, it was investigated how the power, type 1 of error, and treatment effect bias for the I-BI and I-CV models were affected by mis-specified item information from the IRT model. The I-BI model demonstrated the highest statistical power, maintained an acceptable Type I error rate, and exhibited minimal bias, approaching zero. Following that, the I-CV, BI, and CG with Czado transformation (CG_Czado) models provided the maximum power. However, the CG_Czado model had inflated type 1 error under low sample size scenarios in each arm of clinical trials. The CG model among total score models displayed the lowest power and the most inflated type 1 error. Therefore, the results favor the I-BI model when an IRT model is available; otherwise, the BI model.