bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Short-term plant-community responses to large mammalian herbivore exclusion in a rewilded Javan savanna
Authors: Potter Arjun B. , Ali Imron Muhammad , Pudyatmoko Satyawan , Hutchinson Matthew C.
Published: July 2021

Grassy biomes such as savannas are maintained by an interacting suite of ecosystem processes from herbivory to rainfall to fire. Many studies have examined the impacts of large mammalian herbivores on herbaceous plant communities, but few of these studies have been conducted in humid, fertile savannas. We present the findings of a short-term experiment that investigated the effects of herbivory in a fertile, humid, and semi-managed savanna. We erected large-herbivore exclosures in Alas Purwo National Park, Java, Indonesia where rainfall is high and fire is suppressed to test how herbivores impact plant community development across the growing season. Where large mammalian herbivores were excluded, herbaceous plant communities contained more non-grasses and were less similar; diverging in their composition as the growing season progressed. Effects of herbivore exclusion on plant species richness, evenness, and biomass per quadrat were generally weak. Notably, however, two weedy plant species (one native, Imperata cylindrica and one introduced, Senna cf. tora) appeared to benefit most from herbivore release. Our results suggest that heavy grazing pressure by native large mammalian herbivores controlled the composition of the herbaceous plant community. Moreover, exclusion of large mammalian herbivores led to divergence in the plant species composition of exclosures; compositional dissimilarity between herbivore-exclusion plots was higher than between plots exposed to large mammalian herbivores. Our findings suggest that, at this high-rainfall site, large mammalian herbivores constrained the developmental trajectory of plant communities across the growing season.
Institutional delivery and associated factors in rural communities of Central Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Nigusie Adane , Azale Telake , Yitayal Mezgebu , Derseh Lemma
Published: July 2021

Introduction

Institutional delivery has been considered as one of the important strategies to improve maternal and child health and significantly reduces birth-related complications. However, it is still low in developing countries though there are some improvements. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of institutional delivery and associated factors in the study area.

Methods

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted. A multistage systematic sampling technique was used to select 1,394 study participants. We collected data from 18–48 years old women by using a structured questionnaire. Binary logistic regression was performed to identify factors at 95% confidence level.

Results

The mean age of respondents was 30 (±0.15). The wealth status of 33.48% respondents was poor and 33.33% rich. The prevalence of institutional delivery was 58.17% (95% CI: 55.57%, 60.77%). Multivariable logistic regression showed that demographic factors: women age (≥35years) (AOR = 1.43; 95% CI 1.04, 1.96), having a family size of less than five (AOR = 4.61; 95% CI 3.34, 6.34), having family discussion (AOR = 4.05; 95% CI 2.74, 5.97), distance from the nearby clinic (≤30min) (AOR = 2.92; 95% CI 1.53, 5.58) and decision power about place of delivery (AOR = 2.50; 95% CI 1.56, 4.01); socio-economic factors: husband’s educational status of primary school (AOR = 1.64; 95% CI 1.19, 2.24), middle level household wealth index (AOR = 1.78; 95% CI 1.25, 2.54) and rich level household wealth index (AOR = 2.01; 95% CI 1.42, 2.86); and programmatic factors: antenatal care visit during their recent pregnancy (AOR = 1.86;95% CI 1.16, 2.97) were affects institutional delivery positively. Whereas bad behavior of health workers (AOR = 0.27; 95% CI 0.19, 0.39) negatively affects institutional delivery.

Conclusion

Institutional delivery was low in the study area. This study implies that strengthening family discussion and up taking antenatal care services in regular ways are a few of the suggested recommendations.
Donor orientation and service quality: Key factors in active blood donors’ satisfaction and loyalty
Authors: Martín-Santana Josefa D. , Cabrera-Suárez María Katiuska , Déniz-Déniz María de la Cruz , Reinares-Lara Eva
Published: July 2021

Faced with the increasing demand for blood and greater restrictions on ensuring the safety of transfusions, voluntary donation is currently the only and best alternative for the health system to have a sustainable and safe blood supply. In this context, one of the primary strategies of blood transfusion centres is to increase the satisfaction of their active donors so that they maintain their intention to donate in the future and, in turn, make the necessary recommendations so that third parties can become new donors. That is why this paper raises a question for research concerning, what should the premises be to guide the management of blood transfusion centres to maintain and even increase the satisfaction and loyalty of their active donors? In order to respond to this issue, a change in paradigm is proposed based on a management model supported by donor orientation and service quality as basic pillars, as well as on the development of a number of key social capital resources that explain this orientation toward the donor. In both approaches, the donor becomes the cornerstone of decision-making, moving away from the traditional model which is focused more on achieving targets related to the collection of blood bags. Through the empirical analysis of a sample of 126 employees from various transfusion centres and 26,833 active donors in nine Spanish autonomous communities, we have been able to validate this proposed management model as a useful tool to blood promotion agents in their decision-making processes.
Cryopreservation moderates the thrombogenicity of arterial allografts during storage
Authors: Hidi László , Komorowicz Erzsébet , Kovács Gergely Imre , Szeberin Zoltán , Garbaisz Dávid , Nikolova Natalia , Tenekedjiev Kiril , Szabó László , Kolev Krasimir , Sótonyi Péter
Published: July 2021

Introduction

Management of vascular infections represents a major challenge in vascular surgery. The use of cryopreserved vascular allografts could be a feasible therapeutic option, but the optimal conditions for their production and use are not precisely defined.

Aims

To evaluate the effects of cryopreservation and the duration of storage on the thrombogenicity of femoral artery allografts.

Methods

In our prospective study, eleven multi-organ-donation-harvested human femoral arteries were examined at five time points during storage at -80°C: before cryopreservation as a fresh native sample and immediately, one, twelve and twenty-four weeks after the cryopreservation. Cross-sections of allografts were perfused with heparin-anticoagulated blood at shear-rates relevant to medium-sized arteries. The deposited platelets and fibrin were immunostained. The thrombogenicity of the intima, media and adventitia layers of the artery grafts was assessed quantitatively from the relative area covered by fibrin- and platelet-related fluorescent signal in the confocal micrographs.

Results

Regression analysis of the fibrin and platelet coverage in the course of the 24-week storage excluded the possibility for increase in the graft thrombogenicity in the course of time and supported the hypothesis for a descending trend in fibrin generation and platelet deposition on the arterial wall. The fibrin deposition in the cryopreserved samples did not exceed the level detected in any of the three layers of the native graft. However, an early (up to week 12) shift above the native sample level was observed in the platelet adhesion to the media.

Conclusions

The hemostatic potential of cryopreserved arterial allografts was retained, whereas their thrombogenic potential declined during the 6-month storage. The only transient prothrombotic change was observed in the media layer, where the platelet deposition exceeded that of the fresh native grafts in the initial twelve weeks after cryopreservation, suggesting a potential clinical benefit from antiplatelet therapy in this time-window.
Aiming for a bull’s-eye: Targeting antifungals to fungi with dectin-decorated liposomes
Authors: Meagher Richard B. , Lewis Zachary A. , Ambati Suresh , Lin Xiaorong
Published: July 2021

Globally, there are several million individuals with life-threatening invasive fungal diseases such as candidiasis, aspergillosis, cryptococcosis, Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), and mucormycosis. The mortality rate for these diseases generally exceeds 40%. Annual medical costs to treat these invasive fungal diseases in the United States exceed several billion dollars. In addition to AIDS patients, the risks of invasive mycoses are increasingly found in immune-impaired individuals or in immunosuppressed patients following stem cell or organ transplant or implantation of medical devices. Current antifungal drug therapies are not meeting the challenge, because (1) at safe doses, they do not provide sufficient fungal clearance to prevent reemergence of infection; (2) most become toxic with extended use; (3) drug-resistant fungal isolates are emerging; and (4) only one new class of antifungal drugs has been approved for clinical use in the last 2 decades. DectiSomes represent a novel design of drug delivery to drastically increase drug efficacy. Antifungals packaged in liposomes are targeted specifically to where the pathogen is, through binding to the fungal cell walls or exopolysaccharide matrices using the carbohydrate recognition domains of pathogen receptors. Relative to untargeted liposomal drug, DectiSomes show order of magnitude increases in the binding to and killing of Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus fumigatus in vitro and similarly improved efficacy in mouse models of pulmonary aspergillosis. DectiSomes have the potential to usher in a new antifungal drug treatment paradigm.
Chile along the road. Changes and continuities of the Chilean development model in the context of the Belt and Road Initiative
Authors: Flores Urbina Javiera Francisca
Published: July 2021

In 2013, Chinese President Xi Jinping announced the development of a massive project of global connectivity infrastructure, known nowadays as the Belt and Road Initiative (一带一路). Although it was originally presented as a trade project focused on Europe and Asia, through the years the Belt and Road Initiative has been unravelled as a much more complex project. Lately, it has been extended to more territories, one of them being Latin America and the Caribbean region. Chile has already signed cooperation agreements regarding the Initiative, and cooperation in trade and connectivity between Chile and China is already taking place. This article will discuss the changes and continuities that the cooperation between Chile and China, under the scope of the Initiative, provides for the sustainable development challenges Chile faces. The article concludes that the cooperation dimensions between both countries represent elements of both changes and continuities for the model of development of Chile.
La construcción sociopolítica de las epidemias. Los casos del SIDA y de la COVID-19
Authors: Conde Gutiérrez del Álamo Fernando
Published: July 2021

El artículo realiza una reflexión sobre algunas de las dimensiones de las construcciones sociales y mediático-políticas de dos epidemias contemporáneas, las del VIH-SIDA y la del SARS-CoV-2-COVID-19 a partir de un conjunto de investigaciones cualitativas sobre ambas epidemias en las que ha participado el autor, complementado por un análisis de los tratamientos mediáticos de ambas epidemias en los principales medios de comunicación escritos. En el artículo se comparan los contextos históricos de la emergencia de ambas epidemias, los conocimientos y desarrollos científicos desplegados ante cada una de ellas, así como las orientaciones dominantes de las respectivas construcciones mediáticas con el objeto de señalar el conjunto de marcos cognitivos construidos para tratar de dar sentido social a ambas epidemias que permiten enmarcar el conjunto de reacciones sociales que se han ido generando tanto ante el SIDA como ante la COVID-19. En el artículo se señalan algunas de las diferencias económicas, sociales, simbólicas y sanitarias más relevantes entre ambas epidemias y se finaliza por situar un posible horizonte de soluciones y orientaciones políticas en función de las experiencias vividas en relación con el doble eje de las relaciones sociales y de las relaciones con la naturaleza.
Las máquinas de la familia
Authors: Ybarra Pérez Josep-Antoni
Published: July 2021

"Aún no se lo he dicho a mi abuela ni a mi madre. Imagino que cuando les diga que voy a empeñarme y comprar un buen ordenador para quedarme a trabajar en casa, se acordarán de sus máquinas, la de aparar y la de escribir. En esas máquinas está la historia de sus vidas, la historia de mi familia. Es posible que con el ordenador que compre, continúe la historia de la familia. Si bien espero que ahora la historia sea distinta..."
DRYING OF THE NEW WATER-SOLUBLE POLYMER COMPLEX OF ALBENDAZOL WITH PECTIN
Authors: Abdurazakov Askar Sheralievich
Published: July 2021

The drying process of the aqueous solution of the complex of Albendazole with pectin (Alpec) in a vacuum oven and by spray drying was studied. It was found that the drying in a nozzle-type spray dryer is preferable in yield and subsequent solubility of the final product. As a result of the studying of the parameters affecting to the drying process, the optimal mode of the dryer was established, which provides the high yield of the dry product: the temperature of the coolant at the inlet is 130–140 °С, the output is 60–70 °С, the solution flow rate is 2.5 l/h·min. The yield of the dry product is 85%.

The comparative IR spectra of Alpec powder after spray drying, after drying in air, the starting Albendazole and pectin unambiguously indicate that the structure of the complex of Albendazole with pectin (Alpec) is identical after different types of drying.

The biological activity of Alpec dry substance after spray drying compared with Albendazole was studied. The increased biological activity of Alpec compared with Albendazole was established, which can, probably, be explained by the good water solubility of Alpec in contrast to Albendazole and, as a consequence, the increase of bioavailability of the drug. It was found that the average lethal dose of Alpec (LD50) is 680 (601.8–768.4) mg·kg-1 (LD50 Albendazole - 400.2–450.4 mg·kg-1), i.e. the drug "Alpec" in terms of acute toxicity during intragastric use is classified as moderately hazardous substances.

On the base of the results obtained, the technology of the obtaining of the anthelmintic drug alpec substance in the form of a water-soluble dry powder has been developed.
STUDY OF THE ACCUMULATION DYNAMICS AND LOCALIZATION OF 9,13-EPOXYLABDANES IN THE VEGE-TATIVE ORGANS OF INTRODUCED PLANTS OF THE GENUS LAGOCHILUS
Authors: Sobirova Fotima Azamzhonovna , Islamov Akmal Khushvaktovich , Tashpulatov Farrukh Nazimovich , Zaynutdinov Umarzhan Nasrutdinovich , Matchanov Alimzhan Davlatbaevich
Published: July 2021

Extracts of the plant Lagochilus inebrians Bunge (Lamiaceae) are used as sedatives, antihypertensive and anti-allergic agents, and to stop bleeding. The main active ingredients of this plant are diterpenoids of the 9-13-epoxylabdanes series, as well as some alkalides. Not rational use of stocks of wild Lagohilus has led to the fact that this plant is currently included in the Red Book. Currently, work is underway to introduce this plant species. Therefore, the study of the dynamics of accumulation and localization of 9,13-epoxylabdans in the vegetative organs of introduced and wild plants of the genus Lagochilus (Lamiaceae) is of interest in terms of collecting the plant for use as a medicinal raw material, for the systematics of data on the accumulation of diterpenoids in the vegetative organs of the plant, for their use. in practical terms, the preparation of diterepenoids and their modification is an urgent task. Some systematic chemical studies of plants of the genus Lagochilus (Lamiaceae) were carried out by the school of Academician A.S. Sadykov. As a result of studying 10 plants of the species Lagochilus (Lamiaceae), more than 20 new diterpenoids of the labdan series were isolated. All of them are natural derivatives of the diterpene alcohol lagochilin. Their structure and configuration were established using IR, PMR and mass spectroscopy, as well as by synthesis from lagochilin or transformation into lagochilin. By studying the composition of diterpenoids of an introduced and wild plant of the genus Lagochilus, it was shown that the main diterpenoids of the 9-13-epoxylabdans series, exhibiting the main biological activity: lagochiline and its acetyl derivatives, accumulate mainly in the leaves and calyx of the plant in August, which is also consistent with some literature data. data. For isolation, extraction methods were used with various solvents. The methods of thin layer chromatography and spectroscopic research methods such as IR, PMR and mass spectrometry were used for identification.
PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS OF RED GRAPE VARIETIES GROWING IN THE KRASNODAR TERRITORY
Authors: Ageeva Natalya Mikhailovna , Markosov Vladimir Aramovich , Ilyina Irina Anatol'yevna , Dergunov Aleksandr Vyacheslavovich
Published: July 2021

Experimental data on the concentration of phenolic compounds in classical Vitis vinifera grapes and hybrid varieties growing in various soil and climatic zones of the Krasnodar Territory are presented. It has been shown that the technological stock of phenolic compounds varies widely – from 5420 to 7360 mg / dm3, depending on the grape variety and the place of its growth. Moreover, in hybrid varieties, the accumulation of the sum of polyphenols is higher than in classical ones. according to the technological stock of PS, the studied varieties can be arranged in the following row: Golubok> Krasnostop anapsky> Harmony> Alkor, Saperavi. On the example of the Cabernet-Sauvignon variety, the influence of the place of grape growth on the technological stock of polyphenols is shown: the largest amount of the phenolic compounds was in the grapes of AF Myskhako, where the highest amount of active temperatures was noted. The farms of Temryuk district obtained close results. The largest amount of resveratrol stilbene, phenolic acids, including chlorogenic, gallic acid, was found in the must of Cabernet-Sauvignon grape variety grown in AF Myskhako and AZOS ViV. The identity of the qualitative composition of the phenolic complex of all investigated grape varieties, including hybrids, has been established. In the studied grape varieties, monomers of flavonoids are represented by anthocyanins, quercetin, (+) - D-catechin, (-) - epicatechin. Among the monomeric non-flavonoids, hydroxy acids were determined, among the oligomeric polyphenols, the oligomeric procyanidins B1, B2, B3, which are condensed derivatives of catechin, were found.
POLYDENTATE ADSORBENT BASED ON LINEN CELLULOSE MODIFIED BY HYPERBRANCHED POLYESTER POLYBENZOYLTHIOCARBAMATE
Authors: Hernandez Pinson Ana Maria , Maksimov Aleksey Fedorovich , Zhukova Anastasiya Aleksandrovna , Kudryashova Dariya Aleksandrovna , Momzyakova Kseniya Sergeyevna , Kutyreva Marianna Petrovna , Gataulina Alfiya Rinatovna , Kutyrev Gennadiy Andreyevich
Published: July 2021

A highly efficient hybrid adsorbent based on an industrially available, biodegradable, non-toxic linencellulose modified with hyperbranched polyesterpolybenzoylthiocarbamate has been synthesized.The synthesis was carried out using as a linkertoluene diisocyanate.The second-generation hyperbranched polyesterpolybenzoylthiocarbamate according to 1H, 13C NMR and IR spectroscopy contains 8 terminal benzoylthiocarbamate and 8 hydroxyl groups.In the first stage, the reaction of toluene diisociant with linen cellulose was carried out. By potentiometric titration, the content of toluene diisociant was found to be 27%. Then, hyperbranched polyesterpolybenzoylthiocarbamate was added to the modified linen cellulose. The content of hyperbranched polymer in cellulose, determined by the weight method, is 5%. Unreacted isocyanate groups are neutralized with isobutyl alcohol. The structure of the hybrid material is proven by IR spectroscopy. The adsorption properties of the polydentate adsorbent were studied with respect to Cu(II) ions. It was found that the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent is 6.93 mg/g. Using DSC and TGA analysis, the temperature characteristics, thermal effects, and mass loss of the obtained polydentate compound and its complexes were determined.It was shown that in an acidic medium at pH 3-4, desorption of Cu (II) and Co (II) ions occurs with the regeneration of a hybrid adsorbent.
VARIABILITY OF MACRO- AND MICROELEMENT COMPOSITION OF ACCESSIONS OF VIGNA UNGUICULATA (L.) WALP. IN THE SOUTH OF WESTERN SIBERIA AND IN THE CRIMEA
Authors: Fotev Yuriy Valentinovich , Shevchuk Oksana Mikhaylovna , Syso Aleksandr Ivanovich
Published: July 2021

Different environmental factors can cause changes in the elemental composition of plants. The research attempts to shift the focus from studying the effect of soil on the elemental composition of plants to assessing the impact of multifactorial ecological blocks on this index. Using the method of atomic absorption spectroscopy, the content K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Co, Li was determined in the seeds of 5 accessions of a new for Russia crop − vigna (Vigna unguiculata) when growing plants in the south of Western Siberia (54° N 83° E) and in the Crimea (44° N, 34° E)]. The Coefficient of Variation (CV) of the element contents in cowpea accessions in two regions was significant − from 14 to 53%. The highest homeostasis in the accumulation of macro- and microelements was noted in the cultivar Sibirskiy razmer (CV = 15–23%), macroelements − Vigna catjang (CV = 14%). Both accessions were characterized by a reduced accumulation of K, Na, Mg, Mn and, especially, Fe compared to other cultivars. The rest of the accessions showed a high rate of variation in the elemental composition under different conditions (CV = 29–53%). K, Mg, Ca, Zn, and Mn differed by a relatively lower variability of accumulation in cowpea seeds – both by the accessions and the regions of cultivation, while Na, Co, Li, and Cu was the highest. Cultivar Yunnanskaya had the highest rates of Ca (882–1357 mg/kg) and Fe (96–196 mg/kg) accumulation in both regions whereas accessions Krasnaya pozdniaya and Krasno-pestraya had the highest rate of Mg content − 1632–2131 and 1737–1986 mg/kg, respectively.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CONTENT OF CATECHINS IN FRUITS OF NEW VNIISPK BREEDING APPLE VARIETIES AND IN THEIR PROCESSING PRODUCTS
Authors: Levgerova Nadezhda Stanislavovna , Salina Elena Sergeyevna , Makarkina Margarita Alekseyevna
Published: July 2021

Apple is a supplier of raw materials for processing as a leader in industrial horticulture. Apple preserves keep to a large extent useful properties of fresh fruits. The aim of this study was to review multi-year data of catechin content in fruits and processing products of 36 new VNIISPK breeding apple varieties.

The average content of catechin in fruits of new varieties was 141.9±4.9 mg/100 g while cultivar variation was from 91 mg/100 g in Ven'yaminovskoe to 243 mg/100 g in Zaryanka (V=21.0%). The catechin content in all types of processing was lower than in fresh fruits. The catechin content of processing products remained at an average of about a third of catechin quantity in apples. The catechin content decreased in series: juice→compote→preserves of apples and jam, since their preservation is greatly influenced by the increase in temperature during the processing of raw materials (r = -0.78 *). The absence of reliable direct correlation between the initial amount of catechin in the fruits and in the processing products confirms the importance of variety selection which keep a high level of catechin during processing.
APPLICATION OF INTEGRAL QUALITY INDICATORS OF WASTEWATERS FOR INPRODUCTION ECOLOGICAL AND ANALYTICAL CONTROL OF CELLULOSE PRODUCTION
Authors: Bogolitsyn Konstantin Grigor'yevich , Moskalyuk Evgeniya Anatol'yevna , Kostogorov Nikolay Mikhaylovich , Shulginа Elena Valer'yevna , Ivanchenko Nikolay Leonidovich
Published: July 2021

The influence of technological factors (wood species, degree of delignification, the technological regime of pulping) of cellulose semi-products production on composition and qualitative properties of wastewaters of pulp and paper mills following priority of harmonizing of technological and ecological rationing of industrial enterprises. The features of the biopolymer’s composition of the lignin-carbohydrate matrix of coniferous and deciduous species, its functional nature, and self-organization were provided.  The main paths of chemical bond destruction in the lignin-carbohydrate complex during delignification and formation of the composition of organic fractions in local wastewaters were shown. The implementation of complementary indicators (COD, BOD5, general and organic carbon, the content of lignin, and volatile phenols) for in-house ecological and analytical control and rationing was substantiated. The dependence of integral indicator COD from the content of fractions of organic components from wastewaters was established. These components are products of destruction and chemical transformation of the lignin-carbohydrate matrix of deciduous and coniferous wood produced during delignification. The composition and the main phenolic components of wastewaters were determined by gas chromatography with mass detection. The correctness of worldwide practice of using "phenolic index" in the system of in-house control of pulp and paper mill was justified.
ANALYSIS OF ECOLOGICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL INDICES FOR PLANTS OF THE SPECIES POTENTILLA TANACETIFOLIA GROWING IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE CITY OF CHITA AND THE CHITA REGION
Authors: Samoilenko Galina Yur'yevna , Bondarevich Evgeniy Aleksandrovich , Kotsyurzhinskaya Natal'ya Nikolayevna
Published: July 2021

The use of biogeochemical research methods is necessary when studying the technogenic migration of toxic elements in urban ecosystems. Using the values of the ecological and geochemical indices, we assessed the degree of accumulation and movement of zinc, lead, cadmium, and copper from the soil to the organs of plants of the species Potentilla tanacetifolia. The content of elements was determined by the method of inverse voltammetry on a «TA-Universal» analyzer. According to the results of the studies and the values of environmental and geochemical coefficients, it was found that, according to the level of soil pollution, the studied areas of the city of Chita and the Chita region were classified as territories with a low level of pollution. According to the values of ecological and geochemical indices for plants of the P. tanacetifolia species, intense absorption of cadmium by the root system and active movement of zinc and copper from the root layer of soils were noted. The translocation coefficient (TF) values indicated the intake of copper, lead, and cadmium into the aboveground organs in almost all the studied sites. According to the value of the discrimination coefficient, it was found that this species intensively accumulates cadmium. The results presented by us indicate that plants of the P. tanacetifolia species can be attributed to accumulator species with a rather high degree of accumulation of heavy metals at a low concentration in the medium.
INCREASE IN THE YIELD OF CINNAMIC ACIDS DERIVATIVES FROM ECHINACEA AS A RESULT OF WEAK ACOUSTIC EFFECTS
Authors: Ipanova Elizaveta Mikhailovna , Zarembo Daria Viktorovna , Vedernikov Dmitriy Nikolayevich
Published: July 2021

The article describes the option of intensification extraction process from the Echinacea purpurea. The effect of acoustic exposure (modulation of stretching) on an increase in the yield of extractives during the extraction of Echinaceae herbs with a 40% aqueous solution of ethanol is discussed.

The extraction results were evaluated by the solid residue, the optical density of the solution. The yield of extractive substances is increased 1.5 times by generating a specific electrical signal in the form of a meander with a certain frequency range 350 kHz and amplitude 3 V. The yield of extractives is calculated on the sum of hydroxycinnamic acids. The best extraction time is determined. The results obtained allow us to hope for a reduction in the preparation time of extracts in the existing production of Echinacea tincture, where 40% ethanol is used and the infusion time exceeds 2 days. In further work, attention will be focused on finding optimal extraction conditions when using 70% ethanol and hot water, solvents used in a number of industries. Studying the effect of the solvent on extraction may allow us to get closer to explaining the observed phenomenon.
ECOLOGICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES OF THE ACCUMULATION OF METABOLITES IN THE NEE-DLES OF LARIX CAJANDERI IN THE TERRITORY OF YAKUTIA
Authors: Sleptsov Igor' Vital'yevich , Rozhina Sakhayana Mikhaylovna
Published: July 2021

The accumulation of primary and secondary metabolites in Larix cajanderi needles in some areas of North (Kobyayskiy, Anabarskiy uluses and Verkhoyanskiy district), Western (Nyurbinskiy district and Vilyuyskiy ulus) and Central (Megino-Kangalasskiy ulus) Yakutia was studied. It was found that the maximum content of dihydroquercetin, rutin, pimaric, isopimaric and dehydroabietic acids in Larix cajanderi needles was recorded in the northern part of Yakutia, which may be associated with the protective functions of flavonoids and diterpenic acids from ultraviolet radiation under conditions of longer daylight hours in the spring and summer. ... A direct relationship was observed between the content of the studied flavonoids and diterpenic acids and the duration of daylight hours in the spring-summer period in the studied regions of Yakutia, which may be a confirmation of their protective functions from UV radiation. It is shown that as a result of processing the metabolomic profiles of Larix cajanderi needles by the method of principal components, three groups were formed, which correspond to the floristic regions of Yakutia. Samples of Larix cajanderi needles collected in Megino-Kangalassky, Vilyuisky ulus and Nyurba region formed a separate group, which is part of the Central Yakutsk floristic region, from the territory of the Verkhoyansk region and Kobyaysky ulus correspond to the Yano-Indigirsky floristic region, and from the Anabar and the ulus are located separately Arctic floristic region.
ANTI-INFLUENZA ACTIVITY OF PLANT EXTRACTS OF THE LAMIACEAE FAMILY
Authors: Protsenko Mariya Anatol'yevna , Mazurkova Natal'ya Alekseyevna , Filippova Ekaterina Igorevna , Kukushkina Tat'yana Abdulkhailovna , Lobanova Irina Evgen'yevna , Pshenichkina Yuliya Anatol'yevna , Vysochina Galina Ivanovna
Published: July 2021

In this work, it was revealed that water and ethanol extracts of the plants Nepeta cataria, Nepeta sibirica, Scutellaria baicalensis, Hyssopus officinalis, Betonica officinalis, and water extracts of Dracocephalum moldavica, Glechoma hederacea, Mentha arvensis, Prunella vulgaris, Melissa officinalis ethanol extracts of Mentha piperita, Mentha crispa, Origanum vulgare, Hyssopus officinalis, Salvia verticillata showed antiviral activity against the influenza virus subtype H5N1. Aqueous extracts of Nepeta cataria and Glechoma hederacea (NI 3.75) showed the highest antiviral effect against the H5N1 subtype.

It was revealed the antiviral activity against influenza virus subtype H3N2 of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis, Mentha piperita, Mentha arvensis, Mentha crispa, aqueous extract of Dracocephalum moldavica and ethanol extracts of Glechoma hederacea, Origanum vulgare, Prunella vulgaris, Hyssopus officinalis, Betonica officinalis, Salvia verticillata. Ethanolic extract of Betonica officinalis (NI 4.25) showed the highest virus neutralizing activity against the H3N2 subtype.

It was carried out chemical analysis of the aerial parts of plants of the Lamiaceae family. It was shown that the highest content of flavonols was observed in Dracocephalum nutans (4.47±0.04%), the highest content of tannins was found in Mentha arvensis (17.62 ± 0.78%), and the highest content catechins were found in Nepeta cataria (0.43 ± 0.007%).

Thus, plant extracts of the Lamiaceae family are promising sources for further studies to develop new antiviral drugs.
PREPARATION OF MEDICINAL PLANT RAW MATERIALS WITH A GIVEN CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Tikhomirova Lyudmila Ivanovna , Shcherbakova Lyudmila Vladimirovna , Ilyicheva Tat'yana Nikolayevna , Bazarnova Natal'ya Grigor'yevna , Karpitsky Dmitriy Alekseyevich
Published: July 2021

A significant effect on the amount of hydroxycinnamic acids was not an increase in the content of bap from BA 1.0 to 10.0 μM, but the introduction of auxins of NAA 1.0 μM + IBA 0.1 μM. Auxins in combination with cytokinin BA increased the amount of acids by an average of 20% in alcoholic (1.9±0.2%) and aqueous (1.46±0.06%) extracts from Iris sibirica raw materials. The maximum yield of extractive substances, including tannins (4.4±0.3%) was observed when growing raw materials on media with a BA content of 2.5–5.0 μM, the lowest value was obtained with a BA of 10.0 μM. The introduction of auxins (NAA 1.0 μM + IBA 0.1 μM) did not significantly affect the dynamics of the accumulation of tannins.

Screening of the chemical composition of medicinal plant raw materials Origanum vulgare and Salvia officinalis obtained by biotechnology methods showed the presence of flavonoids of 1.6±0.1% and 3.2±0.04%, hydroxycinnamic acids of 7.4% and 13.4% at a.s.s., respectively.

Antibacterial activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.02-0.04 mg/ml against Sporosarcina ureae, Bacillus pumilus, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus was pronounced in the hexane extract of Salvia officinalis. Ethanol extract of sage was active against Salmonella typhimurium. Ethanol extracts of Iris sibirica and Salvia officinalis showed antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhimurium, MIC-0.35 and 0.16 mg / ml, respectively. Siberian iris suppressed Bacillus pumilus at MIC-0.7 mg / ml. The largest amount of extractive substances was extracted from the raw materials of Origanum vulgare with an aqueous-glycerol mixture – 21.5±0.2 % per a. s. s. Against Salmonella typhimurium, the extracts showed antibiotic activity with MIC – 1.2 mg/ml.
INFLUENCE OF PREPARATIONS OBTAINED FROM CARBOXYMETHYLATED PLANT RAW MATERIALS ON GROWTH PROCESSES, YIELD AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF WHEAT GRAIN
Authors: Kalyuta Elena Vladimirovna , Maltsev Mikhail Ilyich , Markin Vadim Ivanovich , Mashkina Elena Ivanovna
Published: July 2021

Studies of the effect of biological products obtained from carboxymethylated products of processing plant raw materials on the growth and development of spring wheat (pre-sowing treatment of seeds with an aqueous solution of 150 g per 1 ton of seeds per 10 L of water) showed that the studied drugs influenced the growth processes of the culture. The activation of the growth and development of wheat in the first phases was traced, from the germination of grain (the appearance of embryonic roots), to the formation of a more powerful tillering of the culture. The studied preparations contributed to an increase in wheat yield in a small-plot experiment by 30–43%, in a field experiment – by 15%, in production conditions – by 21–32%. An increase in wheat yield under the influence of growth regulators does not always accompany an increase in the protein and gluten content in the grain. The direction of the change in the protein concentration in grain towards a decrease (for example, according to the non-fallow precursor, in the presence of the limiting nitrogen factor in the soil) can be defined as the "growth dilution effect" due to an increase in the yield per unit area, as well as productive tillering decisive influence on the degree of uniform ripening and grain quality.
Traffic Monitoring Using Cloud Computing and RFID Technology
Authors: Pawłowicz Bartosz , Salach Mateusz , Trybus Bartosz , Żak Konrad
Published: July 2021

The article presents the architecture and implementation of a street traffic monitoring system. It uses RFID identifiers to recognize vehicles, including special meaning, such as ambulances, city buses, vehicles with reduced exhaust gas emissions. Traffic data is sent to the IoT Hub service in the Azure cloud. On their basis, road situations are analyzed and decisions are made regarding traffic control. Control information is fed back to traffic control devices by means of street lights, barriers, information boards. The article describes the method of communication with the computing cloud and the possibilities of implementing traffic monitoring and control algorithms using IoT Hub.
Design and Software of a Robotic Station for Deburring Car Rims
Authors: Pietruś Paulina , Muszyńska Magdalena
Published: July 2021

More and more often, production processes use solutions in which robots cooperate with vision systems. This is related to the implementation of "pick and place" tasks or tool path correction during the machining process. Vision systems exchange information with robot controllers, which enables the detection of a specific object, obtaining information about its location and orientation. As part of the article, it was decided to design and build a robotic station in the RobotStudio environment for deburring car rims. The process of designing the algorithm in the MATLAB environment that allows to determine the position and orientation of the processed detail was presented. Both MATLAB and RobotStudio environments communicate via the TCP/IP protocol. The verification of operation and simulation of the constructed station were presented.
Detection Method of Welding Defects in a Robotic Station Using the Deep Neural Network
Authors: Adamczak Arkadiusz
Published: July 2021

Modern automation and robotization of production processes requires new and fast methods of product quality control. In the case of arc welding in robotic systems, where the production process takes place in large series, it is important to quickly control the correctness of the weld. Based on visual data, the system should be able to automatically determine whether a given weld meets the basic quality requirements, and thus be able to stop the process in the event of identified defects. The article presents the results of research on the creation of a visual method for assessing the correctness of the weld seam based on the deep neural network classifying, locating and segmenting welding defects. The proposed detection method was extended by using a combination of a vision system camera with a six-axis industrial robot in order to enable detection of a larger number of welding defects and positioning in a six-dimensional workspace. The research results presented in this article were obtained during the implementation of the project entitled „Development of a method based on the use of deep neural networks for visual inspection of welded joints in the course of R&D works” implemented at the company ZAP-Robotyka Sp. z o.o. in Ostrów Wielkopolski.
Identification of the Thermal Constants of the DPL Heat Transfer Model of a Single Layer Porous Material
Authors: Strąkowska Maria , De Mey Gilbert , Więcek Bogusław
Published: July 2021

This paper deals with parameters’ identification of the Dual Phase Lag (DPL) thermal model of a 3D printed porous materials. The experiments were performed for two porous materials with different filling factors. The Laplace transform was applied for the heat transfer equation and together with different optimization methods it allowed to identify the thermal time constants of the DPL model. Several optimization methods were tested with known parameters in order to confirm the correctness of the parameters’ estimation.
Development of Low-Resolution, Low-Power and Low-Cost Infrared System
Authors: Więcek Bogusław , Urbaś Sebastian
Published: July 2021

The article presents the construction of a thermal imaging camera with low power consumption. The 80 × 80 Micro80Gen2 microbolometric array of detectors records infrared radiation in the LWIR spectral range (long infrared wave, 8–12 µm). The entire digital part of the electronic circuit has been integrated within the reprogrammable FPGA chip from the Spartan 6 family. In order to read and display thermograms, an application for the .NetFremework 3.1 platform, which implements non-uniformity correction (NUC) and image processing, is written. Due to its low cost, small size and weight, the camera can be used in various applications, e.g. in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) known as drones.
Simulation of the Operation of a Single Pixel Camera with Compressive Sensing in the Long-Wave Infrared
Authors: Szajewska Anna
Published: July 2021

Imaging with the use of a single pixel camera and based on compressed sensing (CS) is a new and promising technology. The use of CS allows reconstruction of images in various spectrum ranges depending on the spectrum sensibility of the used detector. During the study image reconstruction was performed in the LWIR range based on a thermogram from a simulated single pixel camera. For needs of reconstruction CS was used. A case analysis showed that the CS method may be used for construction of infrared-based observation single pixel cameras. This solution may also be applied in measuring cameras. Yet the execution of a measurement of radiation temperature requires calibration of results obtained by CS reconstruction. In the study a calibration method of the infrared observation camera was proposed and studies were carried out of the impact exerted by the number of measurements made on the quality of reconstruction. Reconstructed thermograms were compared with reference images of infrared radiation. It has been ascertained that the reduction of the reconstruction error is not directly in proportion to the number of collected samples being collected. Based on a review of individual cases it has been ascertained that apart from the number of collected samples, an important factor that affects the reconstruction fidelity is the structure of the image as such. It has been proven that estimation of the error for reconstructed thermograms may not be based solely on the quantity of executed measurements.
A Sociologia como uma Ciência Social no Brasil
Authors: Oliveira Amurabi
Published: July 2021

Nas últimas décadas tem havido um movimento intenso da sociologia internacional em revisitar as diferentes tradições nacionais de formação desta ciência, reconhecendo as distintas formas de institucionalização e desenvolvimento que ela assumiu. Buscando contribuir com este debate, analiso neste artigo a formação da sociologia no Brasil, destacando os aspectos idiossincráticos que ela possui em comparação com outras tradições nacionais, destacando-se sua institucionalização através da escola secundária, assim como a existência de uma formação de sociólogos através de cursos de graduação interdisciplinares de ciências sociais. Destaco também o crescente processo de autonomização da sociologia em relação às demais ciências sociais, o que se conecta, em minha interpretação, ao desenvolvimento dos programas de pós-graduação em sociologia.
El movimiento estudiantil de la universidad de Buenos Aires ante el golpe de estado de 1976 y los primeros años de la dictadura
Authors: Seia Guadalupe Andrea
Published: July 2021

Este artículo se propone colaborar en completar el conocimiento sobre la historia reciente del movimiento estudiantil y de las universidades argentinas, específicamente a partir del golpe de estado del 24 de marzo de 1976 y durante los primeros años de la dictadura autodenominada como “Proceso de Reorganización Nacional”. Analizamos el caso de la Universidad de Buenos Aires atendiendo a la heterogeneidad de las prácticas y estrategias de intervención desarrolladas las y los militantes de diversas agrupaciones estudiantiles, en el marco de comisiones, centros y federaciones estudiantiles. Asimismo, reconstruimos los posicionamientos de las diferentes organizaciones políticas acerca de la intervención y la política universitaria de la dictadura.
Entradas al mundo político: Factores de politización en el devenir militante de jóvenes chaqueñxs (2000–2011)
Authors: Campusano Marina Noemí
Published: July 2021

En las páginas que siguen reconstruimos las trayectorias individuales y colectivas de jóvenes militantes a fin de identificar aquellos ámbitos sociales que los y las iniciaron en la práctica política y colaboraron en su socialización y formación militante. Nos preguntamos entonces: ¿cuáles fueron los factores que influyeron en su politización?, ¿cómo se caracterizan las experiencias, actores y contextos que los y las llevaron a meterse en la política partidaria? A partir de estas inquietudes revisamos, desde entrevistas en profundidad, quiénes son y de dónde vienen, sus historias y entornos familiares, amistades y lugares de transición.

Lo analizado invita a la reflexión sobre el proceso de configuración de la y el militante político, atendiendo a los diversos factores que intervienen en su devenir político. El trabajo muestra que el acceso al campo político no se da por una sola vía. Se trata de incursiones variadas y en distintos momentos de sus trayectos vitales.
¿Una nueva elite política? Perfil sociológico de los gabinetes iniciales de Cambiemos
Authors: Canelo Paula Vera
Published: July 2021

El artículo propone un análisis empírico y sistemático sobre los tres gabinetes más importantes del gobierno de Cambiemos en la Argentina: el de Mauricio Macri en la Nación, el de María Eugenia Vidal en la provincia de Buenos Aires, y el de Horacio Rodríguez Larreta en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. El estudio permite, primero, caracterizar el perfil sociológico general que presentó esta elite política ejecutiva a partir de 2015; segundo, mostrar las similitudes y diferencias que presentaron los tres gabinetes comparados, identificando rasgos sociológicos específicos a cada uno de ellos y comunes a los tres; tercero, identificar continuidades y rupturas en ciertas tendencias generales de la configuración de las elites políticas argentinas, vinculando a estos gabinetes con otros, designados por gobiernos previos; y finalmente, evaluar en qué medida el personal político de Cambiemos constituyó (o no) una nueva elite política en la Argentina reciente.
Marriage as a Mechanism of Internalizing Externalities: A Case of Smoking
Authors: You Jane J.
Published: July 2021

With the view of marriage as a legal institution to internalize externalities, I examine the effect of marriage on smoking. From analyzing the data of Panel Study of Income Dynamics, I found that unmarried individuals are more likely to smoke by 4.9% point than married individuals with stronger impact on females. The long-run impact of marriage also shows that the unmarried individuals smoke more than married individuals but some of its positive impact diminishes within two years. These results on the whole imply that marriage internalizes the negative externalities of smoking and thus leads smokers to reduce smoking.