bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STUDI KRITIS PEMIKIRAN NICO SYUKUR DISTER TENTANG PENGALAMAN KEAGAMAAN
Authors: Ruslan Idrus
Published: May 2017

Studi agama dalam wacana intelektual Islam dapat dikatakan masih berjalan lambat. Hal ini berbeda jika dibandingkan dengan dunia Barat, di mana studi agama yang mereka lakukan tidak hanya dalam areal agama mereka sendiri tetapi telah merambah kepada wilayah agama di luar mereka. Artikel ini menelaah pemikiran Nico Syukur Dister tentang pengalaman keagamaan. Hasil pengkajian menunjukkan bahwa pengalaman keagamaan manusia merupakan respon manusia terhadap sesuatu “Yang Maha Kuasa” terhadap alam dan itu dianggap sebagai yang kudus (sakral) sehingga manusia perlu untuk melakukan ‘ritus’ atau upacara keagamaan. Pada agama masyarakat kuno pengalaman agama dapat diterima dengan mudah, dimana mereka berasumsi bahwa pada setiap benda terdapat suatu yang mereka anggap adikodrati. Dalam masyarakat modern penerimaan pengalaman keagamaan lebih lambat karena rasionalitas mencurigai apa yang dianggap irrasional. Walaupun demikian, manusia modern tetap akan membutuhkan pengalaman keagamaan sebab keimanan mereka tanpa pengalaman keagamaan akan terasa hampa.
PERDAMAIAN DAN KEMANUSIAAN DALAM PANDANGAN ISLAM
Authors: Supriyanto Supriyanto
Published: May 2017

Perdamaian bukan hanya bertujuan untuk meredakan konflik atau ketegangan. Perdamaian memiliki dimensi personal dan sekali-gus dimensi sosial. Oleh karenanya, untuk menciptakan perdamaian dunia, mestinya setiap individu bisa berdamai terlebih dahulu dengan dirinya sendiri. Kedamaian individu itu tercermin pada p’kiran, ucapan, dan tindakan yang dilakukannya secara sadar dan konsisten. Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) yang menekankan pada prinsip kebebasan dan perlindungan terhadap hak hidup ini, sangat vital kedudukannya dalam mencegah pembunuhan antar saudara sendiri dan mengembangkan kreativitas itulah peradaban manusia yang agung akan berlangsung dan berkembang terus-menerus, demokratisa-sipun akan lebih mudah diwujudkan. Tindakan preventif untuk mencegah dan mengakhiri perang, sebetulnya juga bisa disandarkan pada upaya implementasi HAM pada masyarakat dunia.
DEKONSTRUKSI TAFSIR ANTROPOSENTRISME: Telaah Ayat-Ayat Berwawasan Lingkungan
Authors: Abdillah Junaidi
Published: May 2017

Mainstream yang berkembang bahwa alam semesta ini disediakan oleh Tuhan hanya untuk kemakmuran manusia, membuat eksplorasi atas sumber daya alam ini makin brutal tak terkendali. Agama-agama samawi juga ditengarai kuat menanamkan paham antroposentrisme pada pemeluknya. Sehingga, muncul pandangan bahwa penyebab kerusakan lingkungan dan alam tersebut diakibatkan paham antroposentrisme tersebut. Islam sebagai salah satu agama samawi juga tidak luput dari tudingan tersebut. Karenanya, tulisan ini bermaksud membongkar paradigma tafsir bias antroposentisme dalam Islam. Dengan metode maud}u’i, penulis mengumpulkan dan mengelaborasi ayat-ayat berbasis ekologi. Pendekatan yang dipakai adalah bayani dan hermeneutika. Sedangkan content analysis sebagai pisau bedahnya. Tulisan ini bertujuan menemukan pesan-pesan tafsir berbasis lingkungan dalam perspektif ekologi Islam.
DERADIKALISASI TERORISME: Studi Atas Epistemologi, Model Interpretasi dan Manipulasi Pelaku Teror
Authors: Nursalim Muhammad
Published: May 2017

Fenomena terorisme marak diperbincangkan dan selalu menjadi isu hangat hingga kini. Terorisme sebagai aksi kekerasan untuk tujuan-tujuan pemaksaan kehendak, koersi dan publikasi yang memakan korban masyarakat sipil yang tidak berdosa, menunjukkan hubungan yang sangat erat dengan politik. Dalam perspektif filosofis, akar kekerasan muncul dalam fenomena identifikasi diri manusia ke dalam; “aku dan kamu” dan jauh lebih lagi kedalam “kita dan mereka”. Identifikasi inilah yang selanjutnya menjadi akar lahirnya permusuhan yang berujung kekerasan. Untuk itu, perlu upaya deradikalisasi terorisme melalui epistemologi dan model interpretasi. Tulisan ini membahas aspek espistimologi dan interpretasi yang relevan dengan upaya deradikalisasi terorisme.
MENGENAL FILSAFAT DAN KARAKTERISTIKNYA
Authors: Ritaudin M. Sidi
Published: May 2017

Filsafat sering dipandang sebagai suatu ilmu yang sulit difahami. Hal ini dapat dimaklumi karena dari semua cabang ilmu pengetahuan, bidang filsafat adalah bidang yang paling sulit karena ia menggunakan terma yang abstrak. Meskipun demikian, ilmu filsafat adalah ilmu tentang kebijaksanaan. Dengan mempelajarinya manusia akan mampu menjalani kehidupan secara lebih terarah dan bermakna. Mengenal filsafat dengan karakteristiknya, mulai dari asal usul, definisi, objek, susunan, tujuan, fungsi dan kegunaanmya dapat membantu para pencintanya untuk memahami essensi kehidupan.
MEMBENDUNG RADIKALISME DALAM DUNIA PENDIDIKAN MELALUI PENDEKATAN BRAIN BASED LEARNING
Authors: Sesmiarni Zulfani
Published: May 2017

Dunia pendidikan dewasa ini sering diwarnai oleh tindak kekerasan, tawuran antar sekolah, perkelahian antar pelajar sampai kepada pembunuhan antar pelajar. Ironisnya masalah tersebut terjadi pada lembaga pendidikan formal yang menjadi tempat pembentukan budaya dan karekter peserta didik. Artikel ini ini menawarkan suatu solusi untuk mencegah/menekan aksi kekerasan di kalangan pelajar melalui penggunaan metode pembelajaran brain-based teaching Metode ini menggabungkan 5 aspek pembelajaran yakni aspek emosional, sosial, kognitif, fisik dan reflektif. Pembentukan pribadi peserta didik dimulai dalam bentuk pembelajaran di kelas untuk mengembangkan kemampuan, potensi dan kompetensi peserta didik. Dengan cara ini peserta didik diharapkan terhindar dari berbagai kekerasan dan sikap apatis lainnya karena mereka telah dididik dalam suasana pembelajaran yang damai dan menyenangkan.
PEMIKIRAN POLITIK ABU AL-A’LA AL-MAWDUDI
Authors: Kesuma Arsyad Sobby
Published: May 2017

Kajian tentang hubungan agama Islam dan politik di dunia Islam adalah salah satu tema kajian yang tidak pernah usai dan mencapai kata mufakat pada ranah final. Berbagai macam teori telah dimunculkan dan ditawarkan oleh kalangan cendikiawan Islam—baik itu masa klasik maupun modern; Bahkan, kaum intelektual Barat, walaupun tidak mempercayai doktrin ajaran Islam, juga ikut terlibat dalam mencari formula baru tentang bagaimana seharusnya hubungan antara agama Islam dan politik. Artikel ini mencoba menelaah pandangan politik Abū Al-A’la> Al-Mawdu>di>, seorang pemikir politik Muslim dari Pakistan, yang menawarkan suatu sintesa untuk mendamaikan faham demokrasi sekuler Barat dengan konsep teokrasi Islam.
Results of the research into the harmonics of loads connected to the nodes of high voltage network
Authors: L. I. Kovernikova
Published: May 2017

The paper presents the results of the studies on measured parameters of harmonics for the complex loads connected to the nodes of the high voltage network. The measurements were made at four nodes of the 110-220 kV network. The complex loads include residential, commercial, industrial and tractional consumers. The considered nodes are the connection points of the railway substations to the feeding network. The paper demonstrates the specific features of the harmonic conditions.
Innovative Design of a Sea Wave Energy Harnesser
Authors: D. Ionescu  , B.S. Ngwenya
Published: May 2017

The aim of this research is to design and develop a simple, light and cost-effective wave energy conversion device. The mass to power ratio is of importance to achieve high working efficiency. In addition proper control concept is proposed for various sea wave conditions to manage the system optimally. . their operation. This research addresses the above two problems by considering the system mechanical structure and schemes designed to achieve optimal control. Methods employed to achieve maximum power output are inevitably non-causal and require prediction of the shape of the incident waves. The potential wave resource in South Africa is enormous as there are over 2000 km of coastline with an annual wave height average of 2-3 m. One of the most efficient wave energy extractor is the hinged wave energy converter (HIWEC) whereby the wave force is applied to a responsive mechanism able to resist the working force of the waves. The hinged mechanism used in this project is of the power take-off (PTO) type. The PTO captures the wave energy and then between the wave’s time intervals transfers it to be converted and stored. Control of the response of the HIWEC can be achieved through active tuning of the PTO. As wave energy is intermittent, the supplied electrical power will show strong variations unless an energy storage system is available. The energy storage system consists of several series connected gas accumulators, placed in the hydraulic circuit to produce a smoothing effect.
Integration of Renewable Energy Sources in Industrial Parks: Medicool European Demonstration Project
Authors: A. Molina-García  , T. García-Egea  , M. Moreno
Published: May 2017

The present paper is focused on describing a demonstrative project, financially supported by the European Union, aiming of providing a real example of sustainable solution for space cooling in large storages and industrial applications. The proposed solution has been implemented in the pharmaceutical distribution sector, presenting strict and rigid European and national regulations regarding storage temperature conditions. The developed installation involves one of the largest systems ever built in Europe based on solar cooling/heating technologies. Collectors based on Ultra High Vacuum (UHV) technology have been selected, with a global collecting surface of 22,500 m2. These collectors also reduce significantly both convection and conduction heat losses. The proposed system involves two absorption chillers of 675 and 855 kW each one. An additional control system is included to fit the capacity of cold production according to the real necessities of the refrigerated system. This system is expected to provide an annual energy savings estimated in around 795 MWh only for the cooling system, accounting over 70% of the global energy currently needed for conditioning the global installations.
Compact Transformers for Offshore Wind Power Plants Applications
Authors: J. Reyes  , M. Oliva  , A. Prieto  , A. Fernández  , M. Cuesto  , M. Burgos
Published: May 2017

The location of step-up offshore substations for offshore wind power plants forces power transformers to be placed on a platform. This offshore platform means a new cost (avoided in a conventional onshore substation) which grows with the transformer weight and footprint surface. As a result, the weight and footprint surface of transformers are new parameters that must be considered in the optimization process of power transformers for offshore wind power plants. The use of compact transformers should lead to the reconsideration of the platform design criteria as compact transformers can reduce significantly the investment cost [1]. The total cost of the transformer, platform and electrical losses have to be evaluated as a whole in order to find the optimal solution. Up to now, no special value has been given to the most compact solution, but the results show that compact solutions have an important impact into the overall economic evaluation.
The Effect of using an Ethanol blended fuel on Emissions in an SI Engine
Authors: C.Argakiotis  , C.Argakiotis  , R.Mishra  , C.Stubbs  , W.Weston
Published: May 2017

The economic impact of limited fossil fuel resources plus the mandatory limit for carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions become important factors to developing alternative fuels for internal combustion engines. Ethanol (CH3CH2OH) blends are considered as alternative fuels due to their ability to reduce the greenhouse exhaust emissions. This study highlights the effects of unleaded gasoline (E0) and ethanol- unleaded gasoline blend E30 (with 30% volume of ethanol) on engine performance and exhaust emissions experimentally using a 1.4 litre four cylinder four stroke SI engine with a compression ratio of 9:1, for a variety of load and engine speed conditions.. The results indicate that the blend E30 slightly increases the engine’s torque and power after mid-engine speeds together with fuel consumption. However, exhaust emissions at 25% open throttle sees a reduction of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrocarbons (HC) whilst nitrogen oxide (NOX) emissions increase at the lower speeds. At full throttle, E30 reduces the CO considerably whilst CO2 and NOX increase. Similar quantities of HC are produced.
Emission from small scale PV-installations on the low voltage grid
Authors: S. Rönnberg  , M. Bollen  , A. Larsson
Published: May 2017

The use of solar panels is becoming more popular in Sweden. Parts of Scandinavia have many sun hours and the cold temperatures are advantageous as they lead to higher efficiencies and longer lifetimes of the solar cells. In this paper conducted emission levels associated with the connection of photovoltaic systems will be discussed. Harmonics (up to 2 kHz) and supraharmonics (2 to 150 kHz) will be discussed. Measurements from three phase connected plants (20 kW) and from smaller (up to 2.5 kW) single phase connected plants are shown. The harmonic emission from PV-plants is reasonably low and somewhat constant with regards to the production. Some residue from the switching of the inverter can be found typical at a few kHz.
Thermal evaluation of molten salts for solar thermal energy storage
Authors: C. Villada  , F. Bolívar  , F. Jaramillo  , J.G. Castaño  , F. Echeverría
Published: May 2017

Molten salts are known for having good heat transfer properties to be used in thermal storage. This application has become important in the development of thermal technologies for solar energy concentration. The operating principle of these technologies is based on the concentration of sun rays by mirrors to achieve high temperatures and aims to operate turbines coupled with electric generators to produce electricity. Therefore, alkali nitrates and sodium nitrite are good candidates due to the low melting point and excellent heat capacity. These properties produce a broad molten salt operating range and enable effective thermal storage in solar power plants. But one of the critical parameters is the degradation because the cyclic process of heating / cooling. It is important to study the thermal properties in order to determine the operating conditions and lifetime during processing. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the melting point and thermal stability of conventional salt systems, such as the Solar Salt (60% NaNO3- 40% -KNO3, Tm = 220 °C) and HITEC (7% NaNO3- 53% KNO3- 40%NaNO2, Tm = 142 °C), and a novel eutectic mixture. The physical and chemical properties of the studied salts were evaluated by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and morphology was observed in SEM images. In order to compare experimental results with theoretical calculations, the eutectic temperature and heat capacity were calculated with Factsage® thermodynamic software. Melting point was found to be lower than that of conventional salts due to the Lithium Nitrate addition in the systems.
A First Approach on the Impact of Distributed Generation on Voltage Sags
Authors: A. C. L. Ramos  , A. J. Batista  , R. C. Leborgne  , E. G. Domingues  , A. J. Alves
Published: May 2017

An analysis of the distributed generation (DG) impact on studies of voltage sags caused by system faults is presented. The simulation of 62 case studies of phase-to-ground faults on 13.8, 69, 138 and 230 kV transmission lines were performed and the voltage of a 380 V sensitive industrial busbar client was monitored. These lines are part of the electrical system of the city of Goiania, Brazil. For each case study, different fault positions were simulated by considering different DG levels connected to the consumer busbar. Long-term simulation scenarios were obtained by the Monte Carlo method and analyzed based on their cumulative distribution functions and probability density curves of voltage sags. This is one major contribution of this work.
Technical and economical study of a Stand-alone Wind Energy System for Remote Rural Area Electrification in Algeria
Authors: Djohra  Saheb  , Mustapha Koussa  , Seddik Hadji
Published: May 2017

The present work is the investigation of a specific SWES. This system is designed to provide enough power for domestic use that satisfies a single household’s demand and allows a certain level of autonomy. The whole work is based on simulation. Models are elaborated to simulate the power source (wind turbine), a storage battery, the electrical load and the relevant meteorological conditions, in addition to other items that are needed to represent the SWES satisfactorily. MATLAB/SIMULINK software is used for the whole system simulation. Focus is put onto the power source and battery. The load situated in various climatic zones of Algeria is represented as a power demand that needs be satisfied. Finally, the economic analysis has resulted in the calculation of the installed total cost, kWh cost, and the actualized total cost for the wind energy source. The simulation results indicate that the coverage provided by the wind/battery system depends on the wind turbine nominal power. It depends also from the local wind speed distribution As far as the economic results are concerned, it appears that the cost of the energy produced by the wind/battery system is very high (1.3-4$/kWh) compared to those corresponding to conventional installations (0.4$/kWh). This, however, is not to be considered as a negative determinant factor since the local authorities plan to manufacture renewable energy equipment locally and, by doing so, cancel the effects of subsidizing the local fossil fuels on the imported machines costs, which will in turn be favorably reflected on renewable energy costs.
Voltage and Current Control Strategy for Grid Connected WECS Employing Two and Three Level Voltage Source Converters
Authors: A. Arjun M  , B. K Uma Rao  , C. A B Raju
Published: May 2017

This paper presents voltage and current control strategy for grid connected variable speed wind turbine induction generator employing two and three level voltage source inverters. Induction generators are widely used because of its low cost, robust construction and capability of feeding active power to load without getting reactive power from separate source. The mechanical energy required to drive the generator is obtained from a variable speed wind turbine. Three phase induction machine is excited from a three phase voltage source converter. The DC voltage of the capacitor is inverted and fed to the three phase grid using a current controlled voltage source inverter. Control strategy has been developed for maintaining the DC link voltage constant and also to feed the power at unity power factor to the grid, even though there is variation in wind speed. It is also shown that the harmonics are considerably reduced when a two level inverter is replaced by a three level inverter. The simulation study has been carried out using MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation results indicate the feasibility of control strategy.
Experimental study on mass transfer comparison of two liquid desiccants aqueous solutions
Authors: S. Bouzenada  , T. Salmon  , L. Fraikin  , A. Kaabi  , A. Léonard
Published: May 2017

This paper experimentally studies the mass transfer during the dehumidification/regeneration operation using the hygroscopic material calcium chloride and calcium chloride dehydrate as desiccant. These desiccants are compared on the basis of the same operation conditions. According to the analysis of heat and mass transfer processes, the key influencing factors are relative humidity and regeneration temperature. It can be observed that the CaCl2.2H2O is more rapidly diluted than the CaCl2 at the same time during dehumidification, while the CaCl2 solution can be more dried than CaCl2.2H2O solution during regeneration. Then the CaCl2 is able to absorb more moisture in the cycle of LDCS system. Also, the obtained experimental results can help to select liquid desiccant.
IMPACT OF NON-LINEAR SMALL POWER RECEIVERS ON LOW VOLTAGE NETWORK OPERATION CONDITIONS
Authors: Julian Wosik  , Bogdan Miedzinski  , Artur Kozlowski  , Marian Kalus
Published: May 2017

The paper discusses the causes of distorted waveforms of currents and voltages in industrial electric power systems of low voltage. The ascending contribution of domestic and municipal customers, particularly office and as commercial as well as service and shopping centers where, non-linear loads and load phase unbalance are common, is indicated. Studies of voltage and current waveforms and their harmonics spectra at selected this type of facilities were carried out. The ability to compensate for the negative impact of low power consumer receivers using the active power filter has been demonstrated.
Harmonic resonances due to transmission-system cables
Authors: M. H. J. Bollen  , S. Mousavi-Gargari  , S. Bahramirad
Published: May 2017

This paper gives some examples of harmonic issues that can occur when long ac cables are connected in the transmission grid. The main impact is that resonances can occur at much lower frequencies than when only overhead lines are present. Two illustrative case studies are presented: one for a 275-kV cable, one for a 400-kV cable in combination with a 132 kV capacitor bank. A simple rule-of-thumb is given, to decide if a detailed harmonic study is needed. Some guidelines for such a study are given as well.
Proposal of Technical and Commercial Arrangements for Distributed Generation from the Use of Biogas in a Food Industry
Authors: A. C. L. Ramos  , W. P. Calixto  , A. J. Alves  , E. G. Domingues  , S. B. de Oliveira  , S. T. Coelho
Published: May 2017

The main objective of this work is to perform analyzes of technical and economic viability for distributed generation from burning methane gas produced in a effluent anaerobic bioreactor of a food industry located in the middle west area of Brazil. The study proposes technical and commercial arrangements based on the use of a set consisting of a Otto cycle engine directly coupled to a synchronous generator whose power will be injected directly into the local grid. In case of power outages, the system will not stay islanded and the loads from the Wastewater Treatment System will be supplied in a standalone way. The results show that the proposed system is technically and economically viable. The payback period is less than the remaining useful lifetime of the anaerobic digestion system.
Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI) Technology: impact of ICTs on the ecological footprint FI4VDI - SUDOE project
Authors: Carlos Redondo Gil
Published: May 2017

This paper presents an analysis of the FI4VDI project, the goal of which was to develop an innovative model of service provision using cloud computing in order to create an infrastructure suite aims at large companies and SMEs alike, educational institutions, universities and/or research centres that would contribute to competitiveness and provide an efficient solution to reducing the carbon footprint derived from the use of information technology.
Emission on the low voltage grid: measurements in an urban area
Authors: A. Gil-de-Castro  , S. K. Rönnberg  , M. H. J. Bollen  , M. Wahlberg  , A. Moreno-Munoz
Published: May 2017

This paper presents the results of a set of measurements to study changes in voltage harmonic emission in LV grid due to the introduction of energy-efficient lamps. The paper involves measurements in an urban area performed in the north of Sweden. Measurements of voltage harmonic were performed before and after replacing all existing (mainly incandescent) lamps with LED lamps in all 12 houses belonging to the same urban area. The total power of all lamps was reduced from approximately 2300 W to 450 W, per house. All new lamps were low-power-factor lamps. In this paper it has only been shown the results for two individual houses over the twelve that changed their lamps. Those results are then compared with the standard EN 50160 in order to foresee the voltage impact after changing to LED lamps.
Control of a PEM fuel cell based on maximum power tracking using radial basis function neural networks
Authors: A. Ruiz-Gonzalez  , J.E. Jiménez
Published: May 2017

This article presents the proposal of a two-level control approach for a type of commercial PEM fuel cell. Thus, in the external control level a model based on neural networks of the FC is used together with a tracking algorithm to follow the maximum efficiency points as a function of the oxygen excess and in the internal level, a PI control strategy is used to guarantee the compressor motor voltage that satisfies the oxygen excess ratio demanded. The neural model of the FC response is developed through the steady-state FC response provided by the physical modelling using a multimodel approach. This approach allows a good relation between the computational cost of the training and the performance that the network offers. The performance of the global controller and the tracking algorithm are evaluated for variable load conditions by simulations and conclusions are drawn.
An approach for cost and configuration optimization of horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT)
Authors: I. Elbahnasy  , K. Ellermann
Published: May 2017

In addition to the environmental advantage of wind turbines, the modern wind turbine design is aiming to become more competitive by minimizing the cost of energy (COE). When evaluating any change to the design of a wind turbine, it is critical that the designer evaluates the impact of the design change on the system cost and performance. A typical problem when start a wind turbine design project is to determine the optimum configuration and operation parameters to minimize COE. In this article an optimization approach is adopted using COE as objective function with the rotor size, power rating and rated rotational velocity (RPM) as design variable. The cost of energy model of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is adopted with modifications to include the main components load level effects on the COE. An aerodynamic blade design is developed and used as base for evaluating the rotor performance. The blade is scaled to present different rotor size and operating conditions for each power rating. Analysis tool is developed to consider coupled interactions between power rating and the rotor size. The Blade Element Momentum (BEM) technique is used to evaluate the effect of configuration and operational conditions on the wind turbine load levels and the expected annual energy production (AEP). These are used as inputs for the proposed COE model in addition to main parameters presenting the manufacturing technology and site conditions. The COE model is based on several elements such initial capital cost (ICC), balance of station (BOS), operations and maintenance (O&M), levelized replacement cost (LRC), AEP and design load levels. A pattern search technique is adopted for the optimization and the approach is illustrated by means of a principle test examples for two types of turbines platform one for low wind onshore site and another for high wind offshore site.
Heating and cooling a building using water from boreholes
Authors: M. R. Duque  , J. Pascoal
Published: May 2017

The work which is presented is part of a more extensive study related to a system of heating and cooling an old building of the 16th century, of the Evora University using water retired from four boreholes located in the vicinity of the building. In this work we present only the model made for heating and for cooling a room, the amount of water needed, and the maximum number of rooms which could be heated or cooled with the water available. The second part of the work is related with the time needed for the hole return its temperature, after being introduced in it water coming from the building. We conclude that the maximum number of rooms which can be cooled is different from the number of rooms that can be warmed. We also conclude that the introduction of water in the holes will affect only a small area around the holes, and the perturbation of the temperature occurs in a short period of time.
Demand-Side Management Efficiency Estimation in Microgrids Performed by Smart Metering Systems
Authors: Vladislav O. Samoilenko  , Andrew V. Pazderin
Published: May 2017

The ongoing implementation of the energy accounting tariffs with differentiated rates, which depend upon the market conditions and may change in a short-term perspective, provide the possibility to use it as a financial incentive base of the Demand-Side Management (DSM). On the other hand, modern hi-technology energy metering and accounting systems with a large number of functions and consumer feedback are the good means of DSM. Existing systems of Smart Metering (SM) and consumer feedback are usually not fully used. So, the efforts to combine the market principle, Smart Metering and a consumer feedback are essential. The paper presents multi-purpose system of mathematical statistics and algorithms of DSM efficiency estimation useful for both the consumers and the energy companies. The estimation is performed by SM Data processing systems. The system is focused primarily on a retail market support in Microgrids due to clear and simple framework without the necessity of making large-scale calculations. It contributes to the energy efficiency and a distribution process improvement by the motivation (manual management) or by the Smart Appliances interaction (automated management).
Impact of the integration of photovoltaic installations in rural grids: case study
Authors: O. Azurza  , I. Zubia  , J.X. Ostolaza  , L.A. Leturiondo  , A. Lazkano
Published: May 2017

This work studies the impact of the photovoltaic installation in a rural village of the Pyrenean region of Spain. Based on real data of electricity consumption a PV generation system has been designed and its effect in the distribution power losses and the voltage profile are analysed. As a second step, a storage system has been added to the PV system and the optimal dimension of the hybrid system has been calculated in order to reduce the peak value of the demanded power.
Possibilities for small hydro power plant construction in the old bed of the river Drava
Authors: K. Deželak  , J. Pihler  , G. Štumberger
Published: May 2017

This paper presents alternative possibilities for construction of small hydro power plants in the old bed of river Drava (Slovenian part near Maribor city). The nature in this area is protected by special environmental laws. The technical solutions regarding exploitation of the energetic potential in the old bed of river Drava and the results of economical justification analysis of investment are indicated. In that sense the river is analysed and suitable locations for hydro power plant construction are defined.
Review of Procedures for Verification of Grid Code Compliance of Renewable Generation
Authors: A. Etxegarai  , E. Torres  , I. Zamora  , J.I. San Martin  , P. Eguia
Published: May 2017

Renewable generation has undergone an enormous increase in the last decade all over the world, in terms of energy, installed power and number of plants. In order to cope with a huge number of connection applications, system operators are detailing specific procedures for verifying the compliance of the plant performance to the grid code requirements. This paper reviews the procedures used by system operators of different countries with the objective of introducing actual practices and highlighting the similarities and differences among countries. In general, for plants that include multiple similar units, the compliance procedure includes a mixture of commissioning tests and simulations results, with the later used for plant model validation purposes. Also, for some specific requirements only simulation results are accepted for the entire plant, when a single unit has been validated against measurements for the same requirement.
Microgrids, a new business model for the energy market
Authors: J.F. Sanz-Osorio  , G. Matute  , H. Bludszuweit  , E. Laporta
Published: May 2017

Microgrids and distributed generation technologies are proposed, from diverse sources, as one of the most promising solutions for the current problems of electric systems in developed countries and as a way of improving the situation of developing ones. In this line, through E+ Project, a tool to manage microgrids in urban environments is being developed, as well as the business model needed for its implementation. This document describes the E+ business model, based on two main agents: the prosumer and the APM (Aggregated Prosumers’ Manager). The model will suppose a revolution of the current scenario because of the modification of the agents involved and the consideration of the optimization of the distribution grid and the reduction of the final costumer bill as the highest goals. Since the implementation process is not easy due to regulatory barriers, an implementation roadmap is proposed presenting different steps or phases.
Analysis of European policies and incentives for microgrids
Authors: J.F. Sanz-Osorio  , G. Matute  , G. Fernandez  , M. A. Alonso  , M. Sanz
Published: May 2017

One of the best solutions to face the problems in the current European electric systems is based on the implementation of microgrids as a way of increasing the consumption from renewable energy (RE) sources, improving energy efficiency, decreasing GHG emissions and, as a consequence, complying with European Commission (EC) 2020 targets. In this line, different EU regulations have been established but the particularities of each member state regulatory framework could appear as a barrier. For this reason, it is important to study how member states are carrying out the tasks associated with the penetration of microgrids, studying how European directives are transposed and incentives introduced. Besides, representative projects and demonstration cases for microgrids are shown, in order to determine the feasibility of the introduction of this novel concept in real situations.
Wind Turbines Based on Doubly Fed Induction Generator in Coordinate Operation with a STATCOM
Authors: A. F. Carneiro  , M. D. Lucas  , F. K. A. Lima
Published: May 2017

This paper approach the study of Doubly-Fed Induction Generators (DFIG) next to the device FACTS (STATCOM), connected directly on the bus CA transmission line. The DFIG, in your structure, is composed for two converters of the type back-to-back, these responsible by control the voltage at the DC link and the power flows in the network. Through a STATCOM and the use technical control based on pq Theory, there are at system the bracket voltage control on the bus CA on which the DFIG is connected. This work will address the voltage regulation at PCC (common connection point) in case of disturbances on system. Simulation Results, utilizing the computational tool PSCAD/EMTCD, are submitted to prove effectiveness the use of STATCOM at the proposed system.
Energy consumption profiles in buildings
Authors: A. Massaguer  , J. Meléndez  , S. Herraiz
Published: May 2017

We propose an intelligent data analysis method for modelling and prediction of electricity consumption in buildings. The objective is to enable a building management system to be used for forecasting and detection of abnormal energy use, determining which are the consumption origins and compare them with other buildings using indicators.
Diagnosis of Mixed Eccentricity in 400 kW Induction Machine Based on Inspection of Stator Current Spectrums
Authors: Saleh S. Hamad Elawgali
Published: May 2017

This paper dealing with diagnosis of induction machines affected by combined eccentricity via analyzing the sator curents, inspection of the current spectrums and predict the harmonics that present in the spectrums and represent an indication for this ailment . The machine under invistigation is a 400 kW, four pole-pair, squarelcage induction machine. The current spectrums were calculated for the cases of full symmetry and mixed eccentricity. The calculations presented in this paper, are based on the poly-harmonic model that accounting for static and dynamic eccentricity, stator and rotor slotting, parallel branches as well as cage asymmetry. The calculations were followed by Fourier analysis of the stator currents in steady state operation. The inspection of the current spectrums focusing on two main zones these are the 50 Hz fundamental harmonic zone and the main slot harmonic zone. The paper will include the zooms of the above mentioned zones to demonstrate the harmonics presented in each zone. The calculated spectrums will be compared with the spectrums of the real measured currents.
Microwave Optical Switches Metal–Semiconductor–Metal Schottky based on GaAs
Authors: S. Benzeghda  , F. Hobar  , Didier Decoster  , Jean-François Lampin  , A. Benzeghda
Published: May 2017

Interdigitated metal–semiconductor–metal (MSM) photodetectors have received considerable attention for applications in microwave optical phoswitches. The impulse response of photoswich interdigitated fabricated metal-semiconductor- on GaAs metal non-intentional doped (NID) absorbing layer is investigated. The photodetector MSM is introduced in the microwave lines have active surfaces of 3x3 m2 and electrode spacing of 0.2, 0.3, 0.5 and 1 m.. The photocurrent response was measured after excitation and we found that the screening of the dark electric field and charge accumulation exceedingly modify the drift conditions of the photogenerated electrons and holes in active region of the MSM photoswich.
Use of an Ethanol-powered Motor-generator to Electricity Generation for Countryside Population and Small Isolated Communities
Authors: T. S. Castro  , T. M. Souza
Published: May 2017

Due to the growing demand in the global energy mix and the constant concern about the use and the scarci ty of fossil fuels, the study of cleaner, cheaper, easy obtaining and environment-friendly alternative fuels has become a matter of general interest. In Brazil, the sugar cane-based ethanol is a good alternative for the use of gasoline, since the country has a land fit for cultivation of this crop, skilled labor and suitable climatic conditions, and has low emissions of greenhouse gases. In this study it was used a four-cylinder Otto-cycle engine powered by gasoline with no adjustments. It was evaluated the system performance, power, voltage, and specific fuel consump tion using mixtures of gasoline and ethanol in the follow ing proportions: E0, E5, E10, E15, E20, E30, E35, E40, E45, E50, E55, E60, E65, E70, E75, E80, E85, E90, E95 e E100. The amount of harmful exhaust gases expelled by the engine (CO2 and NOx), was also analyzed, and it was observed a reduction in the amount of CO2 expelled by the engine due to the increase of ethanol concentration in the mixture. In contrast, the amount of NOx increased due to the fact that the temperature in the combustion chamber is higher for ethanol. As a result it was observed that the motor-generator provides 800 W of power, which is enough to allow the operation of refrigerator, television and electric bulbs in a small home.
The shift from „grid-tie” to partly „off-grid”
Authors: Balint David Olaszi  , Jozsef Ladanyi
Published: May 2017

This paper deals with that basic economy grounds which support to shift from „grid-tie” to partly „off-grid” photovoltaic (PV) systems. By using our own written VBA Simulation to predict the size of energy storage capacity and to support our basic assumption.
Update on the use of cyclooxygenase-2-selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in horses
Authors: Ziegler Amanda , Fogle Callie , Blikslager Anthony
Published: May 2017

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs work through inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) and are highly effective for the treatment of pain and inflammation in horses. There are 2 clinically relevant isoforms of COX. Cyclooxygenase-1 is constitutively expressed and is considered important for a variety of physiologic functions, including gastrointestinal homeostasis. Thus, NSAIDs that selectively inhibit COX-2 while sparing COX-1 may be associated with a lower incidence of adverse gastrointestinal effects. Various formulations of firocoxib, a COX-2-selective NSAID, labeled for use in horses are available in the United States. Equine practitioners should know that the FDA limits the use of firocoxib to formulations labeled for horses, regardless of price concerns. In addition, practitioners will benefit from understanding the nuances of firocoxib administration, including the importance of correct dosing and the contraindications of combining NSAIDs. Together with knowledge of the potential advantages of COX-2 selectivity, these considerations will help veterinarians select and treat patients that could benefit from this new class of NSAID.
Analisis Kadar Asam Sianida dalam Solanum melongena L dan Solanum quitoense L Sebelum dan Sesudah Perebusan
Authors: Gama Sabaniah Indjar , Alimuddin Alimuddin , Marliana Eva
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

 

Analysis cyanide acid in Solanum melongena and Solanum quitoense L before and after boiling. Cyanide acid is esthabushed by argonometricm method (Volhard) with three times repetition, for each kinds of eggplants Solanum melongena L dan Solanum quitoense L. The research showed have endireated that before boiling the content of cyanide acid Solanum melongena L (Craigi eggplant 71,712 mg/kg, kopek eggplant 46,310 mg/kg, gelatik eggplant 0 mg/kg) and Solanum quitoense L (asam eggplant 30,434 mg/kg) after boiling, the cyanide acid to slop Solanum melongena (Craigi eggplant 19,321 mg/kg, kopek eggplant 6.620 mg/kg, gelatik eggplant 0 mg/kg and Solanum quitoense L (asam eggplant 3.445 mg/kg). There is significant content have been reduced of cyanide acid in Solanum melongena L dan Solanum quitoense L

 

Keywords: Solanum melongena dan Solanum quitoense L, Cyanide acid

 

ABSTRAK

 

Telah dilakukan analisis asam sianida dalam Solanum melongena dan Solanum quitoense L sebelum dan sesudah perebusan menggunakan metode Volhard dengan tiga kali pengulangan. Data hasil penelitian menunjukkan kandungan asam sianida sebelum perebusan Solanum melongena (terong Craigi 71,712 mg/kg, terong kopek 46,310 mg/kg, terong gelatik  0 mg/kg)  dan Solanum quitoense L (terong asam 30,434 mg/kg) sedangkan setelah dilakukan perebusan (terong Craigi 19,321 mg/kg,  terong kopek 6.620 mg/kg,  terong gelatik 0 mg/kg) and Solanum quitoense L (terong asam  3.445 mg/kg). Terdapat perbedaan kandungan penting yang dapat mengurangi kadar asam sianida dalam Solanum melongena L dan Solanum quitoense L.

 

Kata kunci: Solanum melongena dan Solanum quitoense L, Asam Sianida
Potensi Antibakteri Ekstrak Diethyl Ether Daun Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl) terhadap Bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Ibrahim Arsyik , Rusli Rusli
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

This study aims to test the antibacterial potential of diethyl ether extract of mahkota dewa leaves (Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl) with the test method Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Kill Concentration (MBC) against the microbe, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The test materials were obtained by maceration of leaves with methanol, followed by partition using diethyl ether and nâ€“butanol, each extract was tested its activity with solid dilution method. Solid dilution test results showed the active extract is extract of diethyl ether. Active extracts were further tested by using MIC and MBC. Value of MIC and MBC is determined by the most active and liquid dilution method followed by scratches on solid media. The results show that diethyl ether extract of mahkota dewa leaves (Phaleria macrocarpa [Scheff] Boerl.) Has the potential antibacterial against bacterium Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with MIC value of 0.025%, and the value of MBC, respectively - each is 0.4% for the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, and 0.1% for the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

 

Keywords: Mahkota dewa folium, Antibacterials, Potential, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Kill Concentration (MBC)

 

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji potensi antibakteri ekstrak dietil eter daun mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl) dengan metode pengujian Kadar Hambat Minimal (KHM) dan Kadar Bunuh Minimal (KBM) terhadap mikroba Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan Staphylococcus aureus. Bahan uji diperoleh dengan maserasi daun dengan metanol, dilanjutkan dengan partisi menggunakan dietil eter dan nâ€“butanol, masing-masing ekstrak diuji aktivitasnya dengan metode dilusi padat. Hasil pengujian dilusi padat menunjukkan ekstrak aktif adalah ekstrak dietil eter. Ekstrak aktif selanjutnya diuji dengan metode KHM dan KBM. Nilai KHM dan  KBM teraktif ditentukan dengan metode dilusi cair dan dilanjutkan dengan goresan pada media padat.  Hasil pengujian menunujukkan bahwa ekstrak dietil eter daun mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa [Scheff] Boerl.) memiliki potensi antibakteri terhadap bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan Staphylococcus aureus dengan nilai KHM 0,025%, dan nilai KBM masingâ€“masing adalah 0,1 % untuk bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan 0,4 % untuk  bakteri Staphylococcus aureus.

 

Kata Kunci:   Daun mahkota dewa, Antibakteri, Potensi, Kadar Hambat Minimum (KHM) dan Kadar Bunuh Minimum (KBM)
Analisis Kuantitatif Neodimium, Praseodimium, Cerium, dan Lantanum dalam Monasit dengan KCKT Pertukaran Ion
Authors: Herman Herman , Bahti Husein H. , Agma Muljadji
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

Neodymium, Praseodymium, Cerium, and Lanthanum are rare earth elements with considerably high concentration in monazite and xenotime. Samples used in this research are monazite sands from PT Timah Bangka and obtained from Dowa Mining product. The determination and separation of these rare earth elements carried out with ion exchange HPLC method using ion exchanger column Supelcosil LC-SCX with column length 25 cm, diameter 4.6 mm and particle size 5 mm, and using conductometer detector of Waters 432 type. The optimum condition for these rare earth elements were: using ethylendiamin solution of 1.50 mM, and tatrate acid 2.00 mM as moving phase and complexing agent at pH 4.5 with flow rate 0.8 mL per minute and sample volume 10 mL. Research results showed that ion exchange HPLC method can be used to separate and to determinate the concentration of Neodymium, Praseodymium, Cerium, and Lanthanum. Chromatograms obtained of these four of rare earth elements were well separated. This was showed from their resolutions (R) which range from 2 to 4 at concentration 100 ppm for Neodymium, Praseodymium, Cerium, and Lanthanum with retention time 9.66, 10.87, 13.42, 16.29 minutes respectively. The concentration of Neodymium, praseodymium, cerium, and lanthanum in monazite (w/w) were 4.580Â±0.003, 7.860Â±0.002, 4.200Â±0.003, 4.160Â±0.005% respectively.

 

Key Words: Neodymium, Praseodymium, Cerium, Lanthanum, Monasit, HPLC

 

ABSTRAK

Neodimium, Praseodimium, Serium, dan Lantanum merupakan unsur tanah jarang dengan kadar tinggi yang terdapat dalam monasit dan senotim. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pasir monasit dari PT Timah Bangka yang diperoleh melalui hasil Dowa Mining. Penentuan dan pemisahan unsur tanah jarang ini dilakukan dengan metode KCKT pertukaran ion menggunakan kolom penukar ion Supelcosil LC-SCX panjang kolom 25 cm, diameter 4,6 mm, dan ukuran partikel 5 Âµm dengan menggunakan detektor konduktometer jenis Waters 432. Kondisi optimum pemisahan unsur tanah jarang:  menggunakan larutan  etilendiamin 1,50 mM dan asam tartrat 2,00 mM sebagai fasa gerak dan pengompleks pada pH 4,5 dengan  kecepatan  alir 0,8 mL/menit dan volume sampel 10 ÂµL. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode  KCKT pertukaran ion dapat digunakan untuk memisahkan dan menentukan kandungan Neodimium, Praseodimium, Serium, dan Lantanum. Kromatogram campuran dari keempat unsur tanah jarang yang diperoleh dapat terpisah dengan baik, hal ini dapat dilihat dari resolusinya (R) berkisar 2 sampai 4 pada konsentrasi 100 ppm untuk Neodimium, Praseodimium, Serium, dan Lantanum dengan waktu retensi berturut-turut 9,66; 10,87; 13,42; 16,29 menit. Kandungan Neodimium, Praseodimium, Serium, dan Lantanum dalam monasit (b/b) berturut turut yaitu: 4,580Â±0,003; 7,860Â±0,002; 4,200Â±0,003; 4,160Â±0.005 %, dengan batas deteksi berturut-turut yaitu:  261, 386,   424, 334 ng.

Kata Kunci: Neodimium, Praseodimium, Serium, Lantanum, Monasit, KCKT