bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Body Fluid pH Balance in Metabolic Health and Possible Benefits of Dietary Alkaline Foods
Authors: Aoi Wataru , Zou Xiaobo , Xiao Jian Bo , Marunaka Yoshinori
Published: October 2019

Living cells have several mechanisms to avoid acidic conditions created by excess protons. The protons are extruded to the extracellular space via the plasma membrane by various types of transporters such as the Na+/H+ exchanger and monocarboxylate transporters, which hereby contribute to the exclusion of protons in the cells of metabolic tissues including the liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. Disturbances in the functioning of the transporters cause abnormal intracellular fluid pH of the cells and dysfunction of metabolic homeostasis, leading to the development of metabolic diseases and a decrease in physical fitness level. In addition to the intracellular fluid pH regulation, growing evidence shows that the fluid pH in the interstitial space around metabolic tissues is easily reduced due to weaker pH buffering capacity than that in the cytosol and blood circulation. Therefore, pH reduction in the interstitial fluid may cause the onset of metabolic dysfunction. In contrast, several dietary foods have direct and indirect benefits in maintaining the interstitial fluid pH to the normal range by improving buffering capacities, suppressing proton production, and activating proton transporters, which strengthen the effect of appropriate diet on metabolic health.
A consequence of reinforcements in aluminum-based metal matrix composites: a literature review
Authors: Rathod Nishith R , Menghani Jyoti
Published: October 2019

In the recent era, Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) are one of the most vigorously studied topics in material science. Lightweight metals and its alloys create an intense attraction for tailoring new metal matrix composites to overcome conventional limitations like low strength. Aluminum metal matrix composites signify to the high-grade lightweight high-performance aluminum-based MMCs. The reinforcements in aluminum matrix composites could be in the form of particulates, whiskers, and continuous fiber or discontinuous fiber, where weight or volume fraction varies from a few percentages to 60%. Properties of aluminum metal matrix composites can be customized as per the demand of the industry by getting the appropriate combination of the metal matrix, reinforcements, and selective processing route. Nowadays many grads of aluminum matrix composites are fabricated by different routes where in situ route processing is more attractive compared with conventional ex-situ process because it delivers excellent wettability, thermally stability of reinforcements, the bonding strength between reinforcements and matrix, cohesive atomic structure, and fine grain size of reinforcements (specifically nano size). The devoted research work of aluminum matrix composites during the last three-decade generates a wealth of knowledge on the effect of reinforcements vis-à-vis mechanical, chemical, tribological properties of aluminum matrix composites. The acceptance of the aluminum matrix composites as engineering materials depends not only on the performance advantages of the composites, but it also depends upon the cheap, easy, and familiar fabrication technologies for these tailored materials.
Risk Factors For Nosocomial Pan Drug Resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii Infections
Authors: TÜNAY Havva , DEMİRDAL Tuna , DEMİRTÜRK Neşe
Published: October 2019

Aim: Acinetobacter baumannii is an important nosocomial pathogen. The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors and mortality of nosocomial infections caused by pan drug resistant (PDR) Acinetobacter baumannii and to characterize their effects on mortality.Patients and Methods: This study was performed at the Afyonkarahisar Helath Science University, Faculty of Medicine. Nosocomial infections were defined accor-ding to the American Center for Disease Control (CDC). Patients with nosocomial infections caused by Acinetobacter baumannii were included in the study. Patients identified as PDR Acinetobacter baumannii and non-PDR Acinetobacter baumannii infection were com-pared in terms of risk factors.Results: Two different groups were constructed, one group consisting of 145 PDR and the other of 145 non-PDR Acinetobacter baumannii cases. Stay history in an internal intensive care unit (p=0.001), their duration of hospital stay (p=0.031), renal disease (p=0.003), mechanical ventilation (p=0.001), prior usage history of carbap-enem (p=0.001), presence of nosocomial pneumonia (p=0.001), were independent risk factors associated with PDR Acinetobacter baumannii infections. The mortality rate for the PDR group was 61.8% and it was 38.2% in the non-PDR group (p=0.008).Conclusion: PDR Acinetobacter baumannii infections are important nosocomial in-fections with a high mortality rate. Patients’ carbapenem usage, stay history in an internal intensive care unit, renal comorbid diseases, and a diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia are important risk factors for PDR Acinetobacter baumannii infections. In nosocomial infections caused by PDR Acinetobacter baumannii, many risk factors were modifiable.
Talon Proksimal Femoral Çivileme(Pfn) Proksimal Femoral Çivi-Antirotasyon (Pfna) Kadar Başarılı Mı?
Authors: ARICAN Gökhun , SUBAŞI Özay , ÖZMERİÇ Ahmet , İLTAR Serkan , ALEMDAROĞLU Kadir Bahadır , DİNÇEL Veysel Ercan
Published: October 2019

Amaç: PFN-A kullanılarak tedavi edilen hastaların fonksiyonel ve radyolojik sonuçlarını ve radyasyon maruziyetini Talon kilitli PFN ile karşılaştırdık.Yöntem: Çalışmaya 2014-2018 tarihleri arasında proksimal femur kırığı tanısı ile PFN yapılan 60 yaşından büyük 92 hasta (43 kadın,49 erkek; ort. yaş 75.01 yıl) dahil edildi. Retrospektif çalışmamızda hastalar Talon kilitli PFN grubu (grup 1, n=46) ve PFN-A grubu (grup 2, n=46) olmak üzere iki gruba ayrıldı. Hastaların demografik verileri, kırık tipleri, takip süreleri, kırık kaynama zamanları, radyografik bulguları, WOMAC skorları ile C-kollu skopi çekim sayıları değerlendirmeye alındı.Bulgular: Hastaların ortalama takip süreleri 11.05 aydı. Mortalite Grup I de %4.3, Grup II de %6.5 olarak bulundu. Kollodiafizer açı Grup I de 129.5±3.4, Grup II de 126.8±3.6 (p=0.01); Singh indeksi Grup I de 4.1, Grup II de 3.62 (p=0.06); kayna-ma Grup I de 4.62±1.06, Grup II de 5.1±1.51(p=0.68) olarak gözlendi. Skopi çekim süresi Grup I de 53.08 (45-89), Grup II de 97.4 (76-150) (p<0.05) olarak gözlendi. Kırık kaynama süreleri Grup I de 4.62±1.06, Grup II de 5.1±1.51 (p=0.68), WOM-AC skorları Grup I de 69.9±4.26, Grup II de 70.2±5.75 (p=0.78) olarak tespit edildi. Grup I de 2 hastada (%4.3) komplikasyon gözlenirken, Grup II de 5 hastada (%10.8) komplikasyon gözlendi.Sonuç: Talon kilitli PFN, radyasyon maruziyetinin az olması, cerrahi sürenin daha kısa olması sebebiyle PFN sistemlerinin kolay ve güvenilir bir alternatifidir.
I russismi in azerbaigiano e calmucco
Authors: Goffi Alessandro
Published: October 2019

Azerbaijani and Kalmyk are two of the many languages that share a significant layer of Russian imported lexicon. They are similar in typology and recent historical development, but they currently dwell in opposite sociolinguistic conditions. This study aims at analysing the impact of the modern linguistic policies in Kalmykia and Azerbaijan on the russianisms used in these languages nowadays. Through the creation of thirteen semantic tables, the Author has compared the quantity of russianisms in modern Kalmyk and Azerbaijani languages, their distribution in the semantic fields, and their degree of morphological and phonological adaptation to the receiving language.
Osservatorio sulla componentistica automotive italiana 2019
Authors: Moretti Anna , Zirpoli Francesco
Published: October 2019

In un quadro macro-economico caratterizzato da forti incertezze e tensioni internazionali, nel corso dell’ultimo anno l’industria automotive ha mostrato segni di rallenta-mento, sia sul fronte della domanda sia su quello della produzione. Per quanto riguarda il settore italiano, il volume 2019 dell’Osservatorio propone la fotografia di una filiera automotive attraversata da dinamiche di cambiamento e riconversione produttiva molto sfidanti. Tuttavia, dal quadro complessivo emergono alcuni possibili scenari di sviluppo della componentistica, avviata verso un percorso virtuoso di diversificazione e internazionalizzazione, nella quale è importante favorire politiche per superare la dipendenza da FCA ed agevolare l’ampliamento del mix produttivo. Tali strategie necessitano di essere declinate tenendo conto delle specificità territoriali, che se valorizzate e sostenute da interventi puntuali e mirati, potrebbero diventare lo strumento per traghettare la filiera italiana verso il futuro dell’industria automotive.
Improving border biosecurity potential economic benefits to New Zealand
Authors: Kriticos D.J. , Phillips C.B. , Suckling D.M.
Published: October 2019

The number of alien species becoming established in New Zealand is steadily increasing Assuming no improvements to New Zealands border biosecurity systems it is conservatively estimated that Biosecurity New Zealand will have to deal with more than 542 potential pest incursions and 512 phytophagous species becoming permanently established from 2005 to 2017 These additional established pest organisms will cost the economy about NZ921 million in direct impacts and ongoing control costs Assuming the rate at which unwanted new organisms are intercepted at the border is improved in 1 increments from 2007 leading to a total 10 improvement by 2017 Biosecurity New Zealands total expenditure in responding to new incursions would be reduced by approximately NZ16 million If improved surveillance and eradication reduced the number of new pests that become permanently established over the same period by 155 approximately NZ96 million in direct pest impacts and mitigation measures would be saved
Testing efficacy of fungicides against postharvest pathogens of avocado (Persea americana cv Hass)
Authors: Everett K.R. , Owen S.G. , Cutting J.G.M.
Published: October 2019

Currently there are only three fungicides registered for use on avocado Two of these (copper and benomyl) are for orchard use and one (prochloraz) is for postharvest use Benomyl has now been withdrawn from sale To test whether onorchard control of rots could be improved some fungicides not currently registered for avocados were screened for inhibition of spore germination and mycelial growth in the laboratory Fungicides tested were azoxystrobin benomyl captan copper hydroxide fluazinam kresoximmethyl prochloraz pyrimethanil and trifl oxystrobin On the basis of these results azoxystrobin benomyl copper hydroxide fluazinam kresoximmethyl and prochloraz were selected for further efficacy testing on the orchard Carbendazim was also tested in the field as a replacement for benomyl Copper hydroxide gave best rot control followed by azoxystrobin and carbendazim
Copper and streptomycin resistance in bacterial strains isolated from stone fruit orchards in New Zealand
Authors: Vanneste J.L , McLaren G.E , Yu J. , Conzish D.A. , Boyd R.
Published: October 2019

Stone fruit orchards in New Zealand are sprayed with copperbased compounds and streptomycin to control bacterial diseases such as bacterial blast (Pseudomonas syringae pv syringae) and bacterial spot (Xanthomonas arboricola pv pruni) About 50 of the bacteria isolated from nectarines from the orchard at Clyde Research Centre Central Otago in September 2003 were found to be resistant to copper The percentage of strains of P syringae pv syringae isolated in 2004 from nectarines from the same orchard that were resistant to 500 mg/litre of copper was 58 This percentage rose to 92 seven days after treating the trees with copper In 35 of the 48 samples from commercial stone fruit orchards tested more than half of the bacteria isolated were resistant to 500 mg/litre of copper Only five strains of Xanthomonas sp out of the 306 strains tested were resistant to copper; none were resistant to streptomycin
Natural enemies of citrus red mite (Panonychus citri) in citrus orchards
Authors: Jamieson L.E. , Charles J.G. , Stevens P.S. , McKenna C.E. , Bawden R.
Published: October 2019

Citrus red mite (CRM) populations can reach high levels in citrus orchards after the application of broadspectrum pesticides to control other pests It is important to know which are the key biocontrol agents of CRM in New Zealand in order to minimise use of pesticides toxic to these natural enemies CRM and natural enemies were monitored in seven orchards from January 2004 to March 2005 Ladybirds Stethorus sp and Halmus chalybeus and predatory mites Agistemus longisetus Amblyseius largoensis and Phytoseiulus persimilus were observed consuming CRM Stethorus sp and A longisetus were the most abundant natural enemies found with CRM The presence of 05 live Stethorus sp per leaf and 051 A longisetus per leaf was associated with the decline of CRM populations (15 eggs and 15 juvenile/adults per leaf) to trace levels in 45 weeks The use of neonicotinoid products can disrupt the predatory activity of Stethorus sp against CRM
Phenology of apple leafcurling midge (Dasineura mali) in relation to parasitism by Platygaster demades
Authors: Shaw P.W. , Wallis D.R. , Alspach P.A. , Sandanayaka W.R.M.
Published: October 2019

The phenology of apple leafcurling midge (ALCM Dasineura mali) and that of its parasitoid Platygaster demades was monitored in orchards over several years in the Nelson district There were 45 generations of ALCM the first two being distinct while the following generations tended to overlap Host and parasitoid populations were generally synchronized except for the second generation when parasitoid numbers were low and parasitism levels dropped Midge populations increased rapidly at this time and remained high in subsequent generations despite moderate levels of parasitism Laboratory studies on the effect of temperature on host and parasitoid pupal development rates combined with weather station data and actual soil temperatures were used to develop a model to predict generation timing Platygaster demades adults had a longer development period and emerged later than ALCM adults The influence of host and parasitoid phenology on parasitism levels and biological control of ALCM is discussed
Distribution of western (Glasshouse strain) and intonsa flower thrips in New Zealand
Authors: Teulon D.A.J. , Nielsen M-C.
Published: October 2019

Western flower thrips (WFT) (Frankliniella occidentalis) (glasshouse strain) and Intonsa flower thrips (IFT) (Frankliniella intonsa) are polyphagous pests that were first recorded in New Zealand in 1992 and 2002 respectively Surveys were carried out to determine the distribution of these two insects providing useful information for pest management market access and biosecurity Crops (mostly capsicum) were sampled for thrips in 18 greenhouses in the South Island in March/April 2004 and in6 greenhouses in the North Island in November/December 2004 and March 2005 Six outdoor crops (three in each island) were also sampled Between 20 and 50 flower buds were sampled from each greenhouse and thrips were extracted slidemounted and identified to species The results showed that WFT is widely distributed throughout New Zealand while IFT is only recorded in samples from Auckland and Waikato
Fathen (Chenopodium album) a biotype resistant to dicamba
Authors: James T.K. , Rahman A. , Meilsop J.M.
Published: October 2019

The broadleaf weed fathen (Chenopodium album) is a serious problem in maize crops In the 1979/80 season a biotype appeared that was resistant to the triazine herbicides and now this biotype is believed to occur in most maize fields Its control is principally by postemergence herbicides with dicamba being widely used Recently there have been reports of inadequate control of fathen by dicamba To test for resistance seeds were collected from fathen plants that were found alive in the field after application of dicamba These seed lines were grown in a glasshouse and treated with several rates of dicamba and other herbicides The fathen plants from one collection were not resistant to dicamba and were probably from plants that germinated after the field application of dicamba The fathen plants from the second collection all survived treatment with dicamba applied at 4 times the normal field rate These plants were killed by nicosulfuron and bromoxynil
Wheat stripe rust control using fungicides in New Zealand
Authors: Viljanen-Rollinson S.L.H. , Marroni M.V. , Butler R.C.
Published: October 2019

A field trial in 2005 used eight fungicide treatments and two wheat cultivars Karamu and Kohika differing in susceptibility to wheat stripe rust Fungicides were applied at different growth stages of the crop and different levels of stripe rust Disease severity assessments percent leaf area infected for individual plants and leaves were made at regular intervals and area under the disease progress curve (AU DPC) was calculated Mean AU DPC was lowest in the Full Protectant and Late window treatments for all leaves on both cultivars and greatest in the Nil plots for both cultivars Mean AU DPC generally increased with leaf age for Kohika so that flag (F) leaves had the lowest and F3 the greatest mean AU DPC The same trend occurred on Karamu leaves but was not statistically significant Two welltimed fungicide applications achieved as good control of stripe rust in both Karamu and Kohika as the full fungicide treatment
Reduced sensitivity to carbendazim in isolates of Botrytis allii
Authors: Viljanen-Rolinson S.L.H. , Maroni M.V. , Butler R.C.
Published: October 2019

Fifty isolates of Botrytis allii causing onion botrytis neck rot were obtained from onion seed and bulbs throughout New Zealand and tested for their sensitivity to carbendazim (benzimidazole) fungicide in a mycelial growth study Agar plates amended with carbendazim at 6 or 8 different concentrations were inoculated with an 8 mm disc of mycelium of each of the isolates and incubated in the dark at 20C Radial growth of the colonies was measured after 4 days EC50 (effective concentration required to give half of maximum growth) values were estimated by fitting logistic curves with growth as a proportion of the maximum growth Of the 50 isolates 16 were identified as resistant 32 as sensitive and two had a variable response The estimated EC50 values for the isolates that were sensitive ranged from 0006 to 0053 g/ml active ingredient It is recommended that New Zealand onion growers closely follow the current benzimidazole resistance management strategy
Suppression of annual grass weeds by AR542 endophyte infection in dryland tall fescue pastures
Authors: Tozer K.N. , Lucas R.J. , Edwards G.R.
Published: October 2019

The effect of endophyte infection of tall fescue (with and without AR542 endophyte Neotyphodium coenophialum) plant competition (white versus Caucasian clover with and without subterranean clover overdrilled) and spring stocking rate (10 versus 20 ewes/ha) on the population size of annual grass weeds was monitored in a pasture on dry stony soils in Canterbury Barley grass (Critesion murinum) cover and seedhead production were lower in AR542 than endophyte free pastures and where subterranean clover was overdrilled than where it was not Vulpia hair grass (Vulpia spp) seedhead production and cover were lower where subterranean clover was overdrilled and where Caucasian rather than white clover was sown Ewe stocking rate did not affect annual grass weed cover or seedhead density The results indicate that sowing tall fescue with AR542 endophyte may be a useful management tool to enhance growth of the perennial grass and reduce invasion of barley grass into dryland pastures
Determination of spray drift using multiple metal cations as tracers
Authors: Zabkiewicz J.A. , Steele K.D. , Praat J.P.
Published: October 2019

An alternative method to the use of dyes in spray drift estimation has been developed using different metal cations with each spray solution This removes the need to collect the targets until all the spray events have been completed Spray drift trials were conducted with a tractor plus boom over a grass sward with plastic tape as the collector to capture ground spray deposits The extracted deposits from the collectors were quantified by ICPMS The advantages of using cations are that they are stable very low levels of detection are possible analytical and operational costs are reduced and they are nonphytotoxic at operational amounts
Emergence and reproductive rhythms of Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera Pyralidae)
Authors: Xu J. , Wang Q. , He X.Z.
Published: October 2019

Mediterranean flour moth Ephestia kuehniella is a cosmopolitan pest of stored products and its eggs are widely used to rear parasitoids and predators for biological control programmes The laboratory investigations of circadian rhythms and lifespan patterns described in this paper have shown that females had significantly shorter developmental duration from egg to adult than males Emergence occurred throughout the 24 h cycle in both sexes with a peak at dusk Mating mainly occurred during scotophase and peaked on the emergence day while oviposition peaked 1 day after emergence Calling courtship and mating peaked in the second half of scotophase and oviposition peaked at the start of scotophase Permanently paired insects mated up to 3 times with an average of 2 013 matings Dissection of dead females showed the number of spermatophores in the bursa copulatrix equalled the number of observed matings
Evaluation of host testing by comparing ingestion and settling behaviours
Authors: Sandanayaka W.R.M. , Page-Weir N.E.M.
Published: October 2019

The electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique is being developed for rapid assessment of host range of potential xylem feeding invaders in New Zealand Stylet penetration behaviours of adult spittle bug Carystoterpa fingens were monitored for 12 h on grape lemon apple and kiwifruit plants using EPG A multiplechoice test of all four plant species was conducted concurrently with the EPG tests for comparison In EPG tests the longest probing and ingestion periods were recorded on grape and lemon while the shortest probing and ingestion periods were recorded on apple Results for kiwifruit were intermediate and not significantly different from the other plant types In the multiplechoice tests more insects were found on grape and lemon than on apple and kiwifruit The similar ranking of the host plants in both multiplechoice and EPG tests suggests that EPG is a valid tool for rapidly assessing host feeding acceptance and preference
An analysis of latania scale (Hemiberlesia lataniae) crawler settlement behaviour on kiwifruit leaves and bark
Authors: Hill M.G. , Holmes T.
Published: October 2019

Time lapse photography was used in the laboratory to observe the settlement behaviour of Hemiberlesia latania crawlers on kiwifruit leaf discs and canes to the point of construction of the white cap No differences were detected in cap construction behaviour on Actinidia chinensis Hort16A and A deliciosa Hayward despite the fact that the insect invariably dies 12 weeks after settlement on A chinensis Hort16A Cap construction was accomplished through regular and alternate circular turning movements from right to left around a point on the substrate to which the insect is anchored by its stylet The rate of turn increases to a maximum 23 h after settlement and from that point declines At its maximum period of activity the insect turns through an arc >360 The implications of these results for measuring and understanding host selection behaviour by this highly polyphagous insect are discussed
Small flowervisiting arthropods in New Zealand pak choi fields
Authors: Howlett B.G. , Walker M.K. , McCallum J.A. , Teulon D.A.J.
Published: October 2019

Flowervisiting small arthropods (body length
The insect pest complex of Actinidia arguta kiwifruit
Authors: Mckenna C.E. , Dobson S.J. , Phare J.M.
Published: October 2019

The key insect pests of Actinidia arguta kiwifruit were determined by monitoring tagged fruit bunches for insects and insect damage in six orchard blocks from fruit set in November 2007 until harvest in February 2008 and by examining samples of picked fruit at harvest The proportion of fruit damaged by leafroller feeding increased throughout the entire growing season and live caterpillars were present on picked fruit at harvest Greenhouse thrips damage to fruit was noticeable from mid January Armoured scale insects and mealybugs were recorded on the fruit from December but most infestations occurred during the month prior to harvest Leafrollers and greenhouse thrips are the key production pests while leafrollers greedy scale and some mealybug species are potential quarantine species All three commercial A arguta cultivars grown in the Bay of Plenty are susceptible to the key pest species
Distribution of Botryosphaeria spp infection in different grapevine nursery materials in New Zealand
Authors: Billones R.G. , Jones E.E. , Ridgway H.J. , Jaspers M.V.
Published: October 2019

The aim of this research was to test different grapevine nursery plant materials from different nurseries around New Zealand for presence of Botryosphaeria species Tissue samples (05 cm) were cut from surfacesterilised grapevine stem samples apparently healthy grafted plants failed grafted plants (or Grade 2 plants) scion and rootstock cuttings of different varieties collected from nine grapevine nurseries around New Zealand for isolation onto potato dextrose agar plates The Botryosphaerialike isolates were identified by conidial characteristics and molecular methods Of the propagation materials and plants received 23 had Botryosphaeria infection The majority of Botryosphaeria spp (49) were isolated 1 cm above or below the graft unions of failed/ Grade 2 and Grade 1 plants but also in the scions (10) and the rootstocks (3) of the grafted plants The scion and rootstock cuttings collected from the mothervines had 17 and 21 of the Botryosphaeria infections respectively mostly from the middle and basal parts of the cuttings The distribution of Botryosphaeria spp on different parts of the plants was statistically significant using a Pearson Chisquare test (P
Field assessment of herbicides to release native plants from weeds
Authors: Harrington K.C. , Gregory S.J.
Published: October 2019

A range of herbicide treatments was applied to 05 m2 zones around native plants 6 weeks after being transplanted into ungrazed pasture for revegetation purposes The species studied were toetoe (Cortaderia fulvida) mountain flax (Phormium cookianum) purei (Carex secta) ribbonwood (Plagianthus regius) koromiko (Hebe stricta) and manuka (Leptospermum scoparium) Glyphosate was applied around all species using a halfbucket to shield the native plant and this was the cheapest and often most effective treatment A mixture of clopyralid and haloxyfop was tolerated by most species on which this was tested apart from slight damage to ribbonwood However a mixture of simazine and haloxyfop was also tolerated by all native species other than the toetoe controlled most weeds well and gave longer weed control than the clopyralid/haloxyfop or glyphosate treatments Other herbicides were also tolerated by some species
Relationship between seedbank and aboveground botanical composition during spring
Authors: Tozer K.N. , Barker G.M. , Cameron C.A. , James T.K.
Published: October 2019

Poor pasture persistence and ingress of weedy species are major concerns for farmers The seedbank gives an indication of what weedy species may establish in pastures and compete with sown species It was hypothesised that the aboveground composition reflects the seedbank The seedbank was sampled and botanical assessments were undertaken during OctoberNovember 2009 in Northland Waikato Taranaki and North Canterbury Aboveground botanical composition did not reflect the weed seedbank composition in any of the regions assessed While cover of grasses was greater than legumes and herbs aboveground weedy herbs were most dominant in the seedbank followed by grasses then legumes There was no emergence of sown grass from the seedbank highlighting the lack of a persistent sown grass seedbank which may contribute to poor pasture persistence
Honey bee (Apis mellifera) distribution and behaviour on hybrid radish (Raphanus sativus L) crops
Authors: Evans L.J. , Goodwin R.M. , Walker M.K. , Howlett B.G.
Published: October 2019

Commercial hybrid vegetable seed production involves movement of pollen between two distinct groups of plants (parent lines) a pollen donor and seed production lines The aim of this study was to observe the distribution and behaviour of honey bees (Apis mellifera) on hybrid radish (Raphanus sativus L) crops in New Zealand Honey bees were observed to have an even distribution across the parent lines although individual bees largely maintained fidelity to the particular line on which they foraged Of the bees observed on malefertile flowers 72 did not switch to the other line When plants from the different lines were manipulated so that they appeared to be a single plant 695 of honey bees remained constant to the line visited To maximise the effectiveness of honey bees as pollinators of hybrid radish techniques should focus on better matching of lines or breeding of lines to reduce pollinator differentiation
Toxicity of pesticides to Aphelinus mali the parasitoid of woolly apple aphid
Authors: Rogers D.J. , Sharma N. , Stretton D.C. , Walker J.T.S.
Published: October 2019

The parasitoid Aphelinus mali controls woolly apple aphid (WAA; Eriosoma lanigerum) in New Zealand apple orchards The effects of seven pesticides on A mali exposed to residues on filter paper were assessed in a laboratory bioassay immediately postapplication Spinosad at label rate was moderately to highly toxic but other compounds and lower rates of spinosad had no detrimental effects on A mali Another bioassay incorporating field application and exposure to aged residues on leaves determined the toxicity of carbaryl diazinon indoxacarb and lime sulphur Carbaryl had the greatest residual toxicity to A mali on harvested leaves causing 85 mortality 21 days after application declining to 40 by 28 days In contrast diazinon initially caused high mortality but residues were not toxic 15 days after application while indoxyacarb and lime sulphur were not toxic Minimising the use of pesticides toxic to A mali should benefit the sustainable management of WAA in apple orchards
Coniothyrium minitans survival in soil and ability to infect sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Authors: Jones E.E. , Stewart A.
Published: October 2019

Survival of the sclerotial parasite Coniothyrium minitans in soil when applied as spore suspension or colonised solid substrate (maizemealperlite) inocula and ability to infect Sclerotinia sclerotiorum sclerotia incorporated into the soil after different times was assessed over 6 months Unambiguous detection of the C minitans isolate from the indigenous C minitans soil population was achieved using a hygromycin B resistant transformant (T3) which was similar in behaviour to the wild type LU112 Coniothyrium minitans was recovered from soil by dilution plating at all assessment times with higher recovery from spore suspension compared with maizemealperlite amended soil Coniothyrium minitans was able to infect and reduce viability of sclerotia incorporated into the amended soil over the 6 month experiment with spore suspension significantly increasing infection compared with maizemealperlite inoculum Hygromycin B amendment of the agar significantly increased C minitans recovery from sclerotia especially when the population of secondary fungal colonisers was high
Development and commercialisation of pheromone products in New Zealand
Authors: Suckling D.M. , Walker J.T.S , Clare G.K. , Wilson K.S.H. Boyd , Hall C. , El-Sayed A.M. , Stevens P.S.
Published: October 2019

The sale of pheromone traps lures and mating disruption products for horticultural insect pest species has grown steadily since the late 1980s with expanding sales to New Zealand growers from Plant Food Research (PFR) and its predecessors New biosecurity incursions led to pheromone identifications for delimitation and pest management of other species Mating disruption products were developed to target leafrollers currant clearwing codling moth and oriental fruit moth In 201011 the activity involved with production of > 30 pheromone products was sold as a business unit by PFR to a New Zealand company In addition the first legislative group standard for plant protection products was drawn up to enable future development of straightchained lepidopteran sex pheromones under New Zealands Environmental Protection Authority The availability of pheromone products to assist with decision support and pest management is now subject to market forces
Changes in yellow bristle grass (Setaria pumila) incidence in Waikato dairy pastures over 4 years
Authors: Tozer K.N. , Cameron C.A. , James T.K.
Published: October 2019

Thirtynine Waikato dairy pastures have been surveyed annually each February for 5 years to quantify changes in cover of yellow bristle grass and to determine if management factors influence this After a severe drought yellow bristle grass ground cover increased from 4 to 11 (2008 to 2009) and has since remained at this level Ryegrass cover declined after the drought and has not returned to predrought levels while clover cover has increased There was a much higher than average 2011/2012 summer rainfall possibly causing the reduced summer grass and broadleaf weed cover measured in February 2012 By the end of the survey period there was no reduction of yellow bristle grass cover from any of the following farm practices aimed to improve pasture performance summer cropping undersowing oversowing and nonselective herbicide applied during summer
IDEOLOGICAL SURPASSING OF PHILOSOPHY
Authors: Simashenkov Pavel
Published: October 2019

The article is devoted to the study of ideological and philosophical components correlation in the worldview formation. According to the author, it is fundamentally important to take for understanding Russian history and culture not speculative, but ideological coordinates as the basis. Ideology as a professed philosophy is incomparably higher than any palliative abstraction. It is necessary not to lower culture to the level of the masses, but to elevate a person to the level of culture, impossible without a cult
يقظة الفيلسوف اضواء على موقف بدوي الاخير من المستشرقين
Authors: حسين باقر ابراهيم
Published: October 2019

في مساء يوم شتائي باريسي بارد من شهر كانون لاول سنة 2001 كان الدكتور عبد الرحمن بدوي يتنزه في احد شوارع العاصمة الفرنسية ،وفجأة زلت قدمه وسقط على رصيف الشارع بقسوة ، واغمي عليه ،نقل بعدها الى احد المستشفيات ،وبعد عشرين يوما استيقظ من غيبوبته – ومن هذه اليقظة  كان عنوان البحث ورمزيته  بنفس الوقت - ،وحين سأله الطبيب من انت ؟ قال له : انا فيلسوف مصري . انها اليقظة التي اعادته الى بلده بعد غيبة لاكثر من ثلاثين سنة ،لكنها ايضا اليقظة التي قادته الى نهايته ،اذ توفي بعد اشهر من عودته نتيجة لسقطتته تلك .وهكذا افل نجم من سماء الفلسفة العربية ،بل نجمها الاكثر لمعانا .فالجميع يعرف وبالاخص المتخصصين منهم في حقل الدراسات الفلسفية ،ان كتابات  عبد الرحمن بدوي متعددة ،وجهوده متشعبة وانتاجه ضخم ، وهو من السعة والثراء بحيث تعجز عن القيام به هيئات علمية ذات امكانيات كبيرة ،لكن هذا ما قام به بدوي بمفرده ، فقد قدم طوال  حياته الفكرية مايربوا على المائة والثلاثين كتابا في حقول الفلسفة والفكر المختلفة فضلا عن مئات المقالات والبحوث .طوال 65 سنة من عمره .

فهو يمثل اكبر سياحة فكرية يقوم بها مفكر عربي في حقل الفلسفة وربما في بقية حقول المعرفة ،انه بلا مبالغة يعادل انتاج مؤسسة اكاديمية قائمة بذاتها .وقد وصفه حسن حنفي في كتابه حوار الاجيال ، بانه الفيلسوف الشامل . وبدوي من المفكرين الذين يعلنون بكل وضوح انتمائهم الفلسفي،فهو ينتمي الى الوجودية الملحدة ممثلة بابرز فلاسفتها هايدغر  . في حين انه لم يشعر باي تقدير لسارترمن الناحية الفلسفية  ولم يعتبره ابدا فيلسوفا وجوديا فهو مجرد اديب[1].

وبالنسبة لموضوع بحثنا حول موقف بدوي من المستشرقين وتطور هذا الموقف في مراحل حياته الفكرية فهو امر ملاحظ بوضوح .  فموقفه  من المستشرقين لم يكن موقفا واحدا وثابتا طوال مسيرته الفكرية ،فهناك مواقف متعددة تجاه المستشرقين واعمالهم . وتختلف هذه المواقف باختلاف موضوع دراساتهم وباختلاف مواقفهم ،وباختلاف مراحل تطور فكر عبد الرحمن بدوي نفسه . فقد لاحظ في بداية حياته الفكرية اجتهاد المستشرقيين ،وانكبابهم على العمل ،وغزارة انتاجهم ،اذ احتك ببعظهم حين كانو يلقون المحاضرات في الجامعة المصرية ،والبعض الاخر عن طريق سفراته ،فتركوا لديه انطباعا جيدا ،بل واثاروا اعجابه الشديد .لكنه في خريف العمر ،تيقظ مفكرنا فادرك احقادهم ومثالبهم  ومواقفهم غير الموضوعية تجاه الاسلام ،فتصدى لهم بالنقد في كتاباته الاخيرة ،وبالأخص في كتابيه الدفاعيين عن القرآن والنبي الكريم .

 ويميز الدكتور احمد عبد الحليم عطية  بدراسته (المماثلة والمقابلة ) بين ثلاث مراحل من موقف بدوي تجاه المستشرقين . تميزت كل منها بموقف محدد تجاه المستشرقين واعمالهم

 

[1]- عبد الرحمن بدوي –سيرة حياتي – المؤسسة العربية للدراسات والنشر–بيروت 2000ط1 –ج1 ص183-184
Teaching Schizophrenia: 8-Minutes Video Based Lecture Versus 1-hour Traditional Lecture
Authors: Alshammari Elham
Published: October 2019

Video-based teaching module is well known and practiced in some university courses but the effort to validate this type of education tool in medical and health education system is yet to be expanded and explored especially from pharmacy students’ perspective. Materials and method: forty pharmacy students evaluated their experience from attending a one-hour lecture and watching a short video-based lecture lasted for eight minutes both were about clinical presentation and diagnosis of schizophrenia. Result and discussion: 70% of the sample (n=28) preferred video- based lecturing. Advantages and disadvantages varied from faculty and students’ perspectives, but it saved time, was enjoyable and memorable. Conclusion: positive agreement of pharmacy students toward schizophrenia video-based lecture was assured and effort must be put on validating video-based lecture content.
STUDENTS' KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE TOWARD SAFETY OF INFLUENZA VACCINE INJECTION DURING PREGNANCY AND FOR CHILDREN
Authors: Alshammari Elham
Published: October 2019

Introduction: The annual seasonal influenza vaccine has been recommended for all individuals older than six months of age and is of particular importance to pregnant women and small children. The knowledge and attitude of pharmacy students need to be addressed to increase public awareness. Materials and Methods: In this study, a sample of Pharm. D students was selected to run the analysis (n = 55). The responses recorded were either “yes” or “no” to the key questions “influenza vaccine injection is safe”, representing knowledge and “tend to recommend influenza vaccine injection or feel comfortable doing so”, representing attitude. Result and Discussion: Although no statistical difference was found between knowledge and attitude, a high percentage of students were unaware that the influenza vaccine injection is safe for children and pregnant women. Conclusion: Increasing awareness of influenza vaccine injection safety and health education level is a requirement.
Measures of the Benefit of Direct Encoding of Data Deltas for Data Pair Relation Perception
Authors: Nothelfer Christine , Franconeri Steven
Published: October 2019

The power of data visualization is not to convey absolute values of individual data points, but to allow the exploration of relations (increases or decreases in a data value) among them. One approach to highlighting these relations is to explicitly encode the numeric differences (deltas) between data values. Because this approach removes the context of the individual data values, it is important to measure how much of a performance improvement it actually offers, especially across differences in encodings and tasks, to ensure that it is worth adding to a visualization design. Across 3 different tasks, we measured the increase in visual processing efficiency for judging the relations between pairs of data values, from when only the values were shown, to when the deltas between the values were explicitly encoded, across position and length visual feature encodings (and slope encodings in Experiments 1 & 2). In Experiment 1, the participant’s task was to locate a pair of data values with a given relation (e.g., Find the ‘small bar to the left of a tall bar’ pair) among pairs of the opposite relation, and we measured processing efficiency from the increase in response times as the number of pairs increased. In Experiment 2, the task was to judge which of two relation types was more prevalent in a briefly presented display of 10 data pairs (e.g., Are there more ‘small bar to the left of a tall bar’ pairs or more ‘tall bar to the left of a small bar’ pairs?). In the final experiment, the task was to estimate the average delta within a briefly presented display of 6 data pairs (e.g., What is the average bar height difference across all ‘small bar to the left of a tall bar’ pairs?). Across all three experiments, visual processing of relations between data value pairs was significantly better when directly encoded as deltas rather than implicitly between individual data points, and varied substantially depending on the task (improvement ranged from 25% to 95%). Considering the ubiquity of bar charts and dot plots, relation perception for individual data values is highly inefficient, and confirms the need for alternative designs that provide not only absolute values, but also direct encoding of critical relationships between those values.
Review jurnal metode PLS From social network to firm performance: The mediating effect of trust,selling capability and pricing capability
Authors: Situmeang Andre
Published: October 2019

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan model persamaan struktural untuk menjelaskan hubungan kompleks antara jaringan sosial dan kinerja perusahaan dengan memperkenalkan peran mediasi kepercayaan, kapabilitas penjualan dan kapabilitas harga
A systematic review of neuroimaging approaches to mapping language in individuals
Authors: Bajracharya Aahana , Peelle Jonathan E.
Published: October 2019

Background. Task-based functional MRI has become the method of choice for researchers studying functional localization in the human brain. However, for a deeper understanding of brain function beyond group level generalizations, it is crucial to account for the reliability of mapping in a single subject. Individual differences can influence group results in a multitude of ways and consequently lead to the mischaracterization of functional areas. Such errors can be detrimental to the accuracy of both basic research and clinical prognosis. Methodology. We performed a systematic review with the goal of understanding the state of the literature pertaining to mapping language using fMRI in individual participants. A thorough database search was carried out on published literature through September 2018. Results. Out of 473 papers identified through our literature search, 54 met our inclusion criteria for reporting single-subject fMRI results. Of these, only 11 papers reported using single-subject level reliability metrics (such as Dice coefficient, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, Euclidean distance, or Receiver Operating Characteristic) in their results. Among other categories, papers focused on multimodal validation of fMRI results, comparing performance between language tasks, technical development of protocols and clinical case studies on specific disease conditions. Conclusion. Incorporating reliability and validity measures in language mapping paradigms increases the likelihood that task-based activations in the brain are reproducible. However, very few papers reported this approach. In the absence of quantified reproducibility, results from paradigms used for single-subject language mapping may need to be treated with caution.
Rhetorical Construction of West Africain Travels In West Africa
Authors: Rana Bhat Shuv Raj
Published: October 2019

Viewed from David Spurr’s lenses developed in “The Rhetoric of Empire,” Mary Kingsley produces knowledge of West Africa and establishes a claim over her in her travelogue Travels in West Africa. Through the deployment of surveillance, appropriation, debasement and negation, she draws an ambivalent picture of Africa: one associated with filth, defilement, danger, darkness and death and the other endowed with natural vegetation and resources. Both sides of the picture call for the arrival of the British to improve the lifestyle of the Africans and to utilize the natural resources.
Synthesis and characterization of vinyl acetate graft copolymers
Authors:   Satbayev University, Institute of Chemical and Biological Technologies, Myrzakhanov М.М. , Negim E.-S. ,   JSC “Kazakh-British Technical University”, Nasir M. ,   Universiti of Sains Malaysia
Published: October 2019

Graft copolymer P(mPEG-g-VAc) have been prepared by the graft polymerization with a different ratios of mPEG with Mn=2000 macromonomers and Vinyl acetate VAc in the presence of benzoyl peroxide as an initiator using a macro radical initiator technique under influence of heating in toluene has been observed. The graft copolymer P(mPEG-g-VAc) thus formed was characterized with scanning electron microscope SEM, nuclear magnetic resonance 1H NMR, 13C NMR, differential scanning calorimeter DSC, thermo gravimetric analyzer TGA and Fourier transform infrared FT-IR techniques. The results of characterization techniques shows formation of copolymer P(mPEG-g-VAc) while the optimum condition among the studied parameters were as follows; monomer concentration 0.4 mole L-1, ratio (10:90), reaction temperature is 60-85 0C and reaction time is 3 h.
Study of the effect of plasticizers and thermoplastics on the mechanical properties of epoxy and carbon fiber reinforced plastic (Review)
Authors:   National Centre for space research and technology” JSC, Mustafa L.M. , Ismailov M.B. ,   National Centre for space research and technology JSC, Yermakhanova A.M. ,   “National Centre for space research and technology” JSC, Sanin A.F. ,   Dnipro National University» named after Oles Honchar
Published: October 2019

Increasing strength of epoxide resin (ER) and carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) is an aim up-to-date for many machinery sections: space, aviation, defense, automotive, and others. The aim is achieved via numerous methods of ER and carbon fiber reinforced plastic modifications. ER modifications is carried through injection of various chemical compounds. One of efficient modifications assumes introduction of plasticizers (tricresyl phosphate, oleic acid) or thermoplastics (polysulfone, polycarbonate, polystyrene, high impact polystyrene). The article contains experimental data of various types of modifiers influence on strength of ER and CFRP available in literature. The mechanism of modifying ER and CFRP with plasticizers and thermoplastics were analyzed. The introduction of plasticizers as ER modifiers leads to a twofold improvement in impact strength. The optimal input of plasticizers in ER is 15% and depends on the completeness of solubility in the binder, a further increase in the input of plasticizer leads to a decrease in the strength of the material. Modification of thermoplastics with CFRP can lead to an improvement in compression strength by 20% and impact strength by 2 times. With the introduction of thermoplastics over 20% in CFRP, strength indicators are reduced. The acquired data is necessary to elaborate domestic technology for production of high-impact CFRP.