bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computational Complexity and Philosophical Dualism
Authors: Teixeira Joao
Published: November 2019

I examine some recent controversies involving the possibility of mechanical simulation of mathematical intuition. The first part is concerned with a presentation of the Lucas-Penrose position and recapitulates some basic logical conceptual machinery (Gödel's proof, Hilbert's Tenth Problem and Turing's Halting Problem). The second part is devoted to a presentation of the main outlines of Complexity Theory as well as to the introduction of Bremermann's notion of transcomputability and fundamental limit. The third part attempts to draw a connection/relationship between Complexity Theory and undecidability focusing on a new revised version of the Lucas-Penrose position in light of physical a priori limitations of computing machines. Finally, the last part derives some epistemological/philosophical implications of the relationship between Gödel's incompleteness theorem and Complexity Theory for the mind/brain problem in Artificial Intelligence and discusses the compatibility of functionalism with a materialist theory of the mind.
From Lullus to Cognitive Semantics
Authors: Wildgen Wolgang
Published: November 2019

The domain of cognitive semantics-insofar as it deals with semantic neighborhood and semantic fields-is discussed from a historical perspective. I choose four distinct stages in the evolution in philosophy of language: Raymundus Lullus and his Ars Magna (14th century); Giodano Bruno and his artificial memory system (16th century); Charles Sanders Peirce and his diagrammatic logic (19th century); and, Kurt Lewin and his topological psychology (20th century). Their proposals furnish steps toward a kind of space-oriented model of semantic neighborhood and semantic fields. Linguistic developments since 1920 (field linguistics) and more recently in cognitive semantics are compared to the evolution in the frame of philosophy as put forth above. The result is that we criticize cognitive semantics insofar as the field does not reflect the philosophical work done since Raymundus Lullus, which is highly relevant for contemporary cognitive science.
Classical Greek Philosophical Paideia in Light of the Postmodern Occidentalism of Jacques Derrida
Authors: Borody W. A.
Published: November 2019

In his writings during the 60s and 70s, Derrida situates his doctrine of différance in the context of a radical critique of the Western philosophical tradition. This critique rests on a scathing criticism of the tradition as logocentric/phallogocentric. Often speaking in a postured, Übermenschean manner, Derrida claimed that his 'new' aporetic philosophy of différance would help bring about the clôture of the Western legacy of logocentrism and phallogocentrism. Although in recent writings he appears to have settled into a more pietistic attitude towards the traditionally Judeo-Christian sense of the sacred and a stronger declamatory acknowledgment of his solidarity with the critical project of the Greek thinkers, many of his readers are still left with a sour taste in their mouths due to the denunciatory and self-ingratiating tone of his earlier writings. In this paper, I address these concerns, arguing that the earlier phallogocentric paradigm underlying Derrida's critique of classical Greek philosophical paideia can be troped as a postmodern, Franco-Euro form of 'Occidentalism'-a 'metanarrative' very similar in intent to the Orientalism critiqued by Said. In Derrida’s earlier writings, it is indeed very difficult to untangle this Occidental metanarrative from the aporetic metaphysics of différance.
Women’s Issues and Multiculturalism
Authors: Hell Judit
Published: November 2019

In part one of this paper, I offer a description of the main versions of multiculturalism, with its liberal interpretation among them. In part two, I give an outline of the changes that have taken place in women's social status in the course of history and of the various stages of their emancipation process. In the third part I examine the relationship between multiculturalism and women's issues in general. Finally, I explore the same in Hungary, and attempt to draw some general consequences. Does a minority group (e.g., Gypsies in Hungary) in a multicultural society have the right to maintain their traditional patriarchal culture? I argue that the liberation of women is not a "women's issue"; it is part of the persistent enforcement of human rights.
Merleau-Ponty on Beauvoir’s Literary-Philosophical Method
Authors: Fullbrook Edward , Fullbrook Kate
Published: November 2019

Modern philosophy from the mid-nineteenth century on, has been particularly interested in choosing, adapting, and in some cases inventing literary forms to fit the particular philosophical subject under investigation. Simone de Beauvoir, with her explicit rejection of any formalist division between literature and philosophy, is one of the most interesting contributors to the modern development of philosophical writing. The waters surrounding de Beauvoir’s contribution to philosophical method are somewhat muddled because the literary forms she used innovatively for philosophy — the novel and the short story — have (unlike, for example, the literary forms of Wittgenstein) resulted in writing which has been chiefly esteemed largely in terms of literature. In fact, many of her compositions rest simultaneously in both the categories of literature and philosophy. The significance of this aspect of her work was recognized by some of her contemporary philosophical associates, most particularly Merleau-Ponty. This paper draws on Merleau-Ponty to explore the philosophical ideas which inspired de Beauvoir’s methodology, and considers the nature and ramifications of her originality in terms of philosophy’s tradition of methodological diversity.
Rhetoric, Paideia and the Phaedrus
Authors: Warner Martin
Published: November 2019

Some of the notorious interpretive puzzles of the Phaedrus arise from reading it in terms of a static version of mimesis; hence, the concerns about its apparent failure to enact its own norms and the status of its own self-commentaries. However, if the dialogue is read in the light of the more dynamic model of a perfectionist paideia — that is, Plato’s portrayal of Socrates as attempting to woo Phaedrus to philosophy (with only partial success) is itself a rhetorical attempt to woo the appropriate reader — then many of the puzzles fall into place as part of the rhetorical strategy. The apparent lack of formal unity arises out of Phaedrus’ own deficiencies; the written dialogue turns out precisely not to fall foul of the criticisms of writing that it contains, and its self-commentaries can be given their appropriate ironic weight. On this reading, a Platonic conception of philosophy that embodies yet transcends the dialectical is given persuasive expression.
Environmental Diversity and the Value of the Unusual
Authors: Kawall Jason
Published: November 2019

It is commonplace to call for the protection of environmental diversity. I develop an often overlooked reason for preserving diversity: we should preserve diversity in order to preserve the unusual. I show that we do in fact value the unusual, and that we should value the unusual (pace Rolston and Russow). Recognizing the value of the unusual provides a foundation for valuing species not otherwise considered valuable.
Educational Literacy in the Context of Environmental Ethics
Authors: King Roger J.H.
Published: November 2019

I explore the concept of literacy and the role it might play in environmental ethics. One of the goals of environmental ethics is to describe and contribute to the creation of an ecologically responsible culture. The creation of such a culture requires the development of knowledge and abilities that will help sustain such a culture. Since education is one of the key institutions for instilling values and world views, it is important for environmental philosophers to think about the institutionalization of environmental theories in terms of their implications for the environmentally literate person. I argue that attention to literacy is significant for two reasons. First, it provides one way of evaluating the differences between competing environmental philosophies. Second, it raises the important question of what kind of person is required to carry out a particular vision of environmental responsibility. By addressing the issue of education and literacy, philosophers interested in environmental ethics can help create a vision of citizens who have democratically internalized and integrated environmental values and priorities rather than having them imposed from above.
Truth of the Myths of Nature
Authors: Kohak Erazim
Published: November 2019

The term "nature myths" designates narratives presenting whatis as intelligible in terms of value and meaning. Such narratives function to motivate ecological activism by articulating such presuppositions as the conviction that what we do matters, destruction of nature is intrinsically wrong, and the possibility of nondestructive human beings. However, such narratives motivate only if they are regarded in some sense as true. The question is, in what sense? Not in an objectivist sense (e.g. von Ranke), since value-even if intrinsic-is a subject related reality. Not in an idealist sense (e.g. Cassirer), since they respect the autonomy of reality. Nor in a "depth" sense of expressing an alleged "essential condition of guilt" (e.g. Heidegger and Patocka), since this would remain a positivist description, albeit one level removed. Instead, I propose treating nature myths as orienting the world (e.g. Jaspers) and guiding human components therein. As such, nature myths can be said to be true (as in Ricoeur’s "adamic" myth) or false (as in the myth of "Man the Master") inasmuch as they provide or fail to provide adequate guidance for sustainable coexistence with all of the Earth.
The Dialectical Links Between Environmental Ethics and Sciences
Authors: Rozzi Ricardo
Published: November 2019

Ecologists formulate their scientific theories influenced by ethical values, and in turn, environmental ethicists value nature based on scientific theories. Darwinian evolutionary theory provides clear examples of these complex links, illustrating how these reciprocal relationships do not constitute a closed system, but are undetermined and open to the influences of two broader worlds: the sociocultural and the natural environment. On the one hand, the Darwinian conception of a common evolutionary origin and ecological connectedness has promoted a respect for all forms of life. On the other hand, the metaphors of struggle for existence and natural selection appear as problematic because they foist onto nature the Hobbesian model of a liberal state, a Malthusian model of the economy, and the productive practice of artificial selection, all of which reaffirm modern individualism and the profit motive that are at the roots of our current environmental crisis. These metaphors were included in the original definitions of ecology and environmental ethics by Haeckel and Leopold respectively, and are still pervasive among both ecologists and ethicists. To suppose that these Darwinian notions, derived from a modern-liberal worldview, are a fact of nature constitutes a misleading interpretation. Such supposition represents a serious impediment to our aim of transforming our relationship with the natural world in order to overcome the environmental crisis. To achieve a radical transformation in environmental ethics, we need a new vision of nature.
Resonanz als Grundmotiv ostasiatischer Ethik
Authors: Elberfeld Rolf
Published: November 2019

Fuer Platon ist die Musik ein wesentliches Element in der ethischen Erziehung des Menschen. Auch im klassischen China spielt die Musik eine ueberragende Rolle fuer die ethische Erziehung. Bei Platon soll die Musik eine Uebereinstimmung des Menschen mit dem Logos erbringen in china hingegen werden der Naturzusammenhang und auch die menschlichen Beziehungen als ein Zusammenklingen verstanden, das durch eine gelungene gegenseitige „Resonanz" (ying) gut wird im Sinne des Ethischen. Im Vortrag werden verschiedene chinesische Text als Beispiele herangezogen. Die Resonanzethik is aber nicht nur in China ein Grundmotiv, sondern findet sich auch in Japan z.B. bei dem bekannten Philosophen Nishida Kitaro (1870-1945), der in seinem Text Ich und Du (watashi to nanji) auf das Resonanzmotiv zurueckgreift. Der Vortrag versucht unter Heranziehung einschlaegiger Texte ein Grundmotive ostasiatischer Ethik herauszuarbeiten, dass mit dem chinesischen Wort „ying" (Resonanz, Antwort, Sollen) exemplarisch zum Ausdruck gebracht werden kann. Es soll somit das Thema Erziehung und Ethik in interkultureller Perspektive philosophisch bearbeitet werden.
Universalismo y Diferencia
Authors: Fantoni Rosa Josefina
Published: November 2019

El principio de universalizacíon de la ética del discurso al presentarse como principio universal-procedimental de legitimación de normas, sin contenido material, agudiza las sospechas de etnocentrismo de los "defensores" de las diferencias culturales. Creemos, sin embargo, que la ética del discurso, con su principio de universalización, pone a la luz esa racionalidad-dialógica desde la que es posible no sólo respetar sino fomentar la existencia de comunidades diferentes, abiertas. Contiene, en lo trascendental, las condiciones de posibilidad de realización de diálogos concretos. En este sentido afirmamos que universalismo moral y diferencia cultural se complementan; de otro modo nos encontraríamos con universalismo vacio o con posiciones culturales dogmàticas; cuando de lo que se trata es mas bien, dialógicamente, de un pluralismo valorativo.
Los aportes de la teología de la liberación a la cuestión metodológica para la filosofía latino americana
Authors: Fernández Alejandra de las Mercedes
Published: November 2019

El presente trabajo pretende contribuir a ampliar el campo de comprensión de la dinámica de las sociedades latinoamericanas, a enriquecer perspectivas de análisis a la hora de explicar su situación actual en retrospectiva histórica, o de trazar prospectivas que aspirena ser orientadoras de las opciones prioritarias para la construcción colectiva e integradora de su futuro. Del objetivo primario de la justificación de la teología de liberacion es decir 'pensar teológicamente' la realidad latinoamericana desde una reflexión crítica respecto de las posiciones subyacentes a las opciones pastorales vigentes en Latinoamérica, surgió la posibilidad de pensar en términos filosóficos problemáticas integrales que hasta ese momento habían sido soslayadas por los discursos filosóficos y teologales, en tanto problemas particulares y concretamente situados. Justicia social, pobreza y desarrollo integral, situaciones de opresión y violencia institucionalizada, concientización de los propios límites y de los contextos de emergencia socio-cultural son algunos de los términos específicos en los cuales debatir. Por tratarse de una reflexión sistemática, necesitará profundizar sus teorizaciones y orientar las implicancias para la praxis hacia la necesidad fundamental y crítica de sus supuestos filosófico-metodológicos. Son estos supeustos los que deben asegurar la coherencia de su corpus teológico con el perfil ce 'acción comprometida con las realidades etructurales.' El otro planteo es el de la identidad latinoamericana, para culminar en conclusiones sobre los aspectos filosófico-metodológicos como orientación para une filosofía de la educación latinoamericana, tema central en este Congreso.
La Configuración Interlógica de la Inteligibilidad y Racionalidad
Authors: Picotti C. Dina V.
Published: November 2019

La experiencia contemporánea de pluralidad de interpretaciones, paradigmas científicos, estilos de arte, juegos de lenguaje, culturas, etc. que no sólo conviven sino que se entrecruzan e influyen recíprocamente, nos conduce a plantear más que una legitimación paralógica del conocimiento y del pensar, el reconocimiento de la configuración 'interlógica' -es decir, constituyéndose con el aporte de todos ellos- de un horizonte de inteligibilidad y de una racionalidad correspondiente. Hablamos de 'reconocimiento' en cuanto se trata de asumir, a través de una hermenéutica de vía larga lo que de hecho se da en la historia de la humanidad, hecha por todos sus protagonistas - hombres, pueblos, planteos, formas de vida...-; en tanto reconocimiento, es una tarea de verdad y de justicia, de acogimiento, discernimiento y creatividad, y por lo tanto también de educación. Se ofrecen algunos ejemplos a partir de la experiencia intercultural latinoamericana con respecto a las nociones de forma, espacio y tiempo.
Filosofia del Lenguaje y Discurso Latinoamericano
Authors: Pérez Zavala Carlos
Published: November 2019

Intento mostrar que el discurso latinoamericano (entendiendo por tal el relativo al pensamiento que versa sobre la problemática latinoamericana, sin cerrarlo a grupo alguno) puede ser trabajado desde la filosofía del lenguaje con el máximo rigor. Hay ya valiosos de trabajos de diversos autores latinoamericanos, como Arturo Roig y su equipo, sobre discurso, texto, simbologia. Mi propuesta da un paso adelante al buscar los nexos entre el discurso latinoamericano y la filosofía del lenguage que arranca en Alemania con Gottleib Frege, para dejar abierto el camino a otras conexiones dentro de esa misma linea. No se ha escrito mucho sobre el tema, quizá debido a la creencia extendida en Latinoamerica de que filosofía analítica del lenguaje y discurso de la problemática latinoamericana son incompatibles. Hay filósofos del lenguaje para los cuales la filosofía se ubica en un plano atemporal y ageográfico tal que resulta ridículo preguntarse por la situación de una o otra cultura. En cambio hay otros filósofos del lenguaje abiertos a la dimensión histórica y a la significatividad, en cuya confluencia pueden brotar vigorosas corrientes de pensamiento en el futuro.
The Rationality of Probabilities for Actions in Decision Theory
Authors: Ledwig Marion
Published: November 2019

Spohn's decision model, an advancement of Fishburn's theory, is valuable for making explicit the principle used also by other thinkers that 'any adequate quantitative decision model must not explicitly or implicitly contain any subjective probabilities for acts.' This principle is not used in the decision theories of Jeffrey or of Luce and Krantz. According to Spohn, this principle is important because it has effects on the term of action, on Newcomb's problem, and on the theory of causality and the freedom of the will. On the one hand, I will argue against Spohn with Jeffrey that the principle has to be given up. On the other, I will try to argue against Jeffrey that the decision-maker ascribes subjective probabilities to actions on the condition of the given decision situation.
The Concept of Encounter of Cultures in the Philosophy of History
Authors: Gevorkian Hamlet A.
Published: November 2019

A general problem of philosophical interests concerns the possibility of objective knowledge of other cultures and a past culture, as well as the adequacy of their reconstruction. The problem of cultural development is also crucial. By the criterion I develop, a culture which has expanded its potentialities in various independent forms is an open culture able to enter into dialogue with any other culture.
On Leisure Theory In The Field Of Cultural Spirit
Authors: Huidi Ma
Published: November 2019

China, with a large population, has its own characteristics in establishing new values for leisure. One of the most vital characteristics of leisure is that family is considered as its main subject. Therefore, strengthening the family culture has become a new conception of leisure. In the countryside, about 85 percent of the villages and towns have set up various entertainment and leisure places which reflect the family culture. In cities, people have a new conception of residence which pursues a community culture that respects people's rights and advocates an harmonious integration of human beings and nature. Meanwhile, the leisure culture has been enriched by a plan that includes bodybuilding for everyone, reading clubs, family politics studies, art appreciation and environmental protection organizations comprised mainly of volunteers. New value of the leisure of humankind is coming into being in various fields.
The Factor of Consolidation of the Mankind
Authors: Jalalov Abdulhafiz M.
Published: November 2019

The aspiration of people almost everywhere to construct a public life on the basis of justice is the predominant tendency in the historical development of humankind. The natural world in which we dwell is, from the standpoint of our using its resources to satisfy our vital needs, one and indivisible. Thus, the public conditions of human activity in the economic, social, and political spheres should be brought into harmony with nature's conditions. This requires the consolidation of the efforts of nations and peoples-their mutual integration. The significance of spiritual and philosophical preconditions of this process is crucial, as the transformation of society on the principles of justice, from the standpoint both of history and of present-day reality, is possible only on the basis of knowledge of the foundations of human vital activity. I discuss efforts being made toward this end in the young, independent nation of Uzbekistan, there are certain.
“Paideia”: An Integrative Concept as a Contribution to the Education of Humanity
Authors: Biller Karlheinz
Published: November 2019

For the sake of humanity, outward compulsion must change into inward check. This is possible with the help of "paideia." I use "paideia" instead of the equivocal German word "Bildung," which comprises the meanings of "education," "formation," and "cultivation." The core of my recently developed concept of "paideia" is that the educating individual does what has to be done in a certain situation. He or she works alone or together with the other. In doing a work the educated individual tries to avoid any disadvantage for the other. The finished work represents the realization of both, the individual as well as the other in a step toward self-realization. This philosophy of education integrates into one single concept the two main traces of theories of education in European countries, namely the theories of "self-being" and those of "selflessness." The concept of "paideia" is a possible answer to actual problems such as the gap between the rich and the poor, the increase of violence, existing political radicalism, exploitation of natural resources and so on. According to this situation, not all people are educated very well. I claim that the expounded philosophy of education is able to contribute to the education of humanity. The combination of "self-being" and "selflessness" guarantees the optimal realization of sense in a given situation. This ensures that the common work of the individual and the other can develop very well, so that both are intertwined in the result.
Are There Philosophical Reasons To Promote Gifted Education
Authors: Carrasco Santos
Published: November 2019

Despite the historical recognition of the importance of the development of individual human potentialities for the group, gifted individuals have not been treated equally. Three reasons are analyzed: (a) the primacy given to institutions over the individual, except those particular cases in which the individual is identified with the institution itself, or invested with the power of one institution; (b) the lack of recognition of the particular needs of gifted individuals; and (c) the assumption of egalitarian ideals inside specific societies. Despite arguments to the contrary, gifted education will be defended. Gifted individuals have special needs. I assume that Hope and Good Will provide enough justification for this public human task.
Education et Violence
Authors: de Carvalho Adalberto Dias
Published: November 2019

Contemporary scientific investigation, mainly through psychoanalysis and sociology, has shown that homo violens is a dimension of homo sapiens. At the same time, violence has emerged as a threat to humankind's survival. Freedom itself was, for Kant, the anthropological basis of human rationality. Rationality moves human beings toward self-fulfillment. This paper, based on the critical thought of E. Weil, defends the proposal of an education which, in assessing violence philosophically, attempts to oppose it.
Why the Humanities?
Authors: Gardner Stephen L.
Published: November 2019

I justify the humanities by sketching four views of knowledge in which the idea of an academy or an integration of disciplines might be understood. I assume that every system of higher education inevitably appeals to concepts of knowledge. Such concepts cannot be isolated from political and civic dimensions of life as well as from personal cultivation and character. Nonetheless, older views based on these aspects are open to serious criticism. The four views considered are Aristotelian-Thomistic, Cartesian-positivist, Kantian, and "traditionalist" (in a liberal and hermeneutic sense). The paper describes key elements in each of these views and notes several objections, with a marked preference for Kantian and "traditionalist" views. Kant provides for rehabilitation of the humanities, especially ethics and literature (the moral and aesthetic), within a framework in which modern science displaces ancient teleological nature. "Tradition" is justified on practical grounds--by the need to appropriate for oneself the knowledge and experience of past generations (without which human life loses continuity and meaning). Further, the humanities save the great texts from oblivion to which "progress" would otherwise consign them. The humanities counteract the tendency of science to undermine the conditions of its own possibility, as well as the discipline, knowledge, and virtue required for its own origin.
The Liberal Arts and the End of Education
Authors: Haney Kathleen
Published: November 2019

An international conference that takes Philosophy Educating Humanity as its theme does well to revisit the liberal arts tradition. Although the liberal arts are most often assimilated to studies brought together as the Humanities, the old usage included the arts which employed artificial languages in mathematics, music, and astronomy, as well as the literature and letters of the various natural languages. The current conflation of liberal education with the humanities does violence to the historical tradition in education, reducing it to fluff in the eyes of tough-minded scientists who know that only numbers deliver objectivity. The liberal arts of the traditional undergraduate curriculum provided the skills to liberate the student's linguistic powers so that he or she could read, speak, and understand natural language in all its functions. To educate human persons to master language is to encourage students to take possession of their natural powers so that they can express themselves, understand what others say, and reason together. The arts of natural language lead to mastery of the mathematical arts which use a language that is no one's mother tongue. Together, the seven arts rid students of the worst enemies of humankind: ignorance and prejudice.
The Conflict of Paideias in Gadamer’s Thought
Authors: Lammi Walter
Published: November 2019

Although Gadamer's study of Greek paideia has been virtually ignored in the scholarly literature, I argue that it is central to his philosophy of education. Gadamer singles out three kinds of paideia: traditional, sophistic and philosophic. Traditional paideia, grounded in an unaware habit or disposition of the soul, was vulnerable when sophistic paideia brought reasoned argument against it. This 'new' paideia originally supported traditional notions of the just and the good with its conscious art of argumentation and pragmatic enhancement of success. But this paideia also undermined conventional morality by arguing that it is only convention, thereby corrupting the youth of Athens by appealing to the untrammeled desire for power. Philosophical paideia takes its bearings from the sophistic as its deepest opponent and counterimage. It turns out, however, that the two are virtually indistinguishable. Both bring thinking to consciousness; both are rhetorical arts; both create confusion; and both are subject to the 'weakness of the logoi.' In the end, the difference between them rests not on distinctions of reason, but the intent of the reasoner. This conflict of paideias is relevant to the situation of education today. Problems of narrow technical perspective and the broadest ideological manipulation are directly traceable to sophistic paideia. Thus, Gadamer points to hermeneutical praxis as 'the heart of all education that wants to teach how to philosophize.'
Natorp on Social Education
Authors: Saltzman Judy D.
Published: November 2019

In Man and his Circumstances: Ortega as Educator, Robert McClintock says that American educators have forgotten about the influence of Natorp. This essay proposes to discuss Natorp's Platonic and Neo-Kantian view of the human being and of knowledge as a foundation to all education. It will examine the influence of Friedrich Schleiermacher, the distinguished German philosopher, and of the great Swiss educator, Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi, on Natorp's ideas. In Natorp's view of Socialpadagogik (Social Education), it is not possible to have any positive social or political change without great alterations in educational philosophy. The work of the American educator, Robert Hutchins, will be discussed and defended as an exemplary attempt in the practice of higher education of these ideals. Although Hutchin's programs were adapted for only a short time by the University of Chicago and by a few small liberal arts colleges, his influence, as well as that of American disciples of Natorp and Pestalozzi, still has lasting value, since it is based on the idea that we are all souls in development.
The Threat of Nihilism
Authors: Smeyers Paul
Published: November 2019

If the educator is characterized by a willingness to stand for something and simultaneously willing to care for someone, then the philosophy of authenticity should help the educator out of the problems that the Enlightenment project and some of its critics have created. While our integrative authenticity should rescue us from despair, it should also correct the possible immobilism occasioned by the interpretation of some postmodernist authors. Here, what we take as somehow fulfilling us, to a certain extent also conceived in a naturalistic way, binds us to the ways of structuring our concerns so that others can participate in a common framework. But such a philosophical perspective is confronted with two objections. First, one asks whether it is still ethics given the importance it gives to the empirical level. Second, it is questioned whether there really is a place for the other, whether it in fact transcends subjectivism. This paper deals with some of Nietzsche's central ideas and argues that the reproach of extreme relativism and scepticism is not justified. It concludes that one may find on the contrary an interesting way of dealing with the necessarily individualistic nature of education as well for the educator as for the educandus.
P. Sorokin on Education as a Factor in Cultural Dynamics
Authors: Sokhraniaevk Tatiana V.
Published: November 2019

This paper focuses on the problems of education in the philosophical and sociological legacy of P. Sorokin.
Herder, Gadamer, and 21st Century Humanities
Authors: Sundaram K.
Published: November 2019

One of the anticipations of this Congress, namely, that of all the world's philosophical traditions address the 'problems of human life, civilization, and residence on earth,' cannot be accomplished by insisting upon the means and prescriptions of any one tradition. In this paper I address the theme of the Congress by considering the views of Johann Gottfried Herder and Hans-Georg Gadamer on education and history. In spite of attacks on his religious loyalties, Herder supported what may today be called pluralism. Having studied history and having watched history in the making of one of its darkest moments, Gadamer also saw the future of the humanities in the global conversation. To educate humanity, I conclude, philosophy should first attempt to understand the existential conditions of human life.
The Technical Improvement Of Education As A Philosophical Problem
Authors: Tsooker A.
Published: November 2019

What follows considers the problem of technical improvement as one of the main problems in the philosophy of education. I consider technology in connection with transferring from substantial comprehension to comprehension of the process itself. The creation of educational technologies is the expansion of educational freedom, from freedom inside action to freedom inside reflection. The connection between education and technology ensures creating and modifying a particular, non-formal, and humane pedagogy.
Philosophy of Education as a Means to Educate Humanity in a Diverse South Africa
Authors: Venter Elza
Published: November 2019

In pre-democratic South Africa, people never learned to listen to the stories of their fellow human beings because that was seen as a threat rather than a challenge. With the long-awaited political and constitutional changes taking place, a different societal structure is being established and a new democratic value system formally and officially being embraced. It would, however, be naive to imagine that policy changes would transform deeply-rooted attitudes, practices and existing structures overnight. The change into a democratic society does not mean, unfortunately, that a political, social and educational utopia is being created instantly. All learners will have to develop the skills, knowledge competence and attitudes to function effectively in a culturally diverse society. It will require a major paradigm shift from most educators, philosophers of education, and teacher trainers, as well as parents. I will argue for a pluralistic, problem-centered approach to teacher education and training that would be helpful in educating students to respect others and diversity.
Testemunho da experiência da infância no exílio e sua representação no conto para crianças Currupaco Papaco, de Ana Maria Machado
Authors: Lobato Ladyana dos Santos
Published: November 2019

Analisamos, neste artigo, o testemunho da experiência da infância no exílio de filhos de perseguidos e desaparecidos políticos da Ditadura Militar de 1964, ocorrida no Brasil, e a forma com essa experiência foi representada no campo literário. Para isso, selecionamos dois objetos de estudos: 1) a narrativa testemunhal, intitulada O exílio do meu pai foi a nossa despedida, da sobrevivente Suely Coqueiro (2014); 2) a narrativa ficcional Currupaco Papaco, da escritora Ana Maria Machado (1982). Utilizamos como referencial teórico os estudos sobre exílio e narrativas do exílio (Said, 2003; Vidal, 2004; Montañés, 2006) e o conceito de estado de exceção (Agamben, 2004), sobrevivência (Pelbart, 2016) e Utopia (Szachi,1972). Nesta pesquisa, verificamos a possibilidade de discutir sobre “narrativa do exílio”, a partir da compreensão do exílio como um lugar utópico, espaço de liberdade e resistência, mas também como um dispositivo de sobrevivência.
A redundância como elemento estetizante no testemunho: Soledad no Recife (romance) e Ausênc’as (ensaio fotográfico)
Authors: Lacerda Ana Júlia , Sarmento-Pantoja Tânia
Published: November 2019

Este estudo se baseia em pesquisa bibliográfica e análise das obras Soledad no Recife, romance de Urariano Mota, e Ausênc’as, ensaio fotográfico de Gustavo Germano. A hipótese é a de que a redundância pode ser uma categoria viável para a análise de produções artísticas, particularmente as de cunho testemunhal. Para tanto propomos mostrar como a redundância opera nessas produções não apenas como recurso de linguagem, mas, sobretudo, como artifício criativo. Ao considerar  a redundância como conceito-chave a análise desenvolvida pauta-se em três aspectos fundamentais: primeiro, essas produções se constroem sobre a base da noção de hiato, condição que perpassa todas as dimensões constituidoras dos materiais analisados no corpus; segundo, as funções da redundância no interior do texto testemunhal ou de teor testemunhal; terceiro, a ideia de que a memória da insurgência, mesmo depois do perecimento físico do insurgente, prevalece como possibilidade de questionamento da violência de Estado, bem como os usos éticos e políticos dessa memória.
“Vidas viradas pelo avesso”. Catástrofe e biopolítica na literatura: Contribuições para a crítica literária
Authors: Sarmento-Pantoja Tânia , Moraes Viviane Dantas
Published: November 2019

Neste dossiê, intitulado Catástrofe e Biopolítica na Literatura: contribuições para a crítica literária, uma coletânea de textos em formato de artigos movimenta um corpus de narrativas literárias analisadas conforme um conjunto de conceitos e categorias, dentre os quais destacamos: catástrofe, biopolítica, vida, morte, trauma, poder soberano e estado de exceção.
Corporatopia e caostopia: os espaços distópicos na trilogia MaddAddam, de Margaret Atwood
Authors: Fortunato Pedro , Cavalcanti Ildney
Published: November 2019

Sob a perspectiva dos estudos da distopia (BARTON, 2016; CAVALCANTI, 2003; CLAEYS, 217; MOYLAN 2003), apresentamos uma análise dos espaços distópicos na trilogia MaddAddam (2003, 2009, 2013), da escritora canadense Margaret Atwood. Através da análise, é proposto que a o conjunto de obras apresenta uma distopia corporativista, extrapolando certos aspectos negativos do sistema econômico capitalista, por fazer figurar uma sociedade controlada pelas corporações e cujos os espaços de moradia, seja das elites ou das classes menos favorecidas, são ambos distópicos, embora cada espaço apresente características distintas. Concluímos que o tipo de controle e violência contra as pessoas nessa sociedade ficcional, embora que se expresse de maneiras diferentes, em última instância, atendem aos interesses de uma pequena elite corporativa na trilogia que visa o lucro acima de qualquer padrão moral ou ético. Assim, a obra possui um potencial crítico bastante acentuado no diálogo com a nossa sociedade histórica.
O “tourbillon” social: a representação da cidade moderna na poesia de Allen Ginsberg e Roberto Piva
Authors: Lochini Patrícia , Andrade Paulo
Published: November 2019

A desordem quantitativa que caracteriza a modernidade, personificada pelo ambiente urbano, afeta a subjetividade dos indivíduos que nela estão inseridos, e, consequentemente, as suas relações, que sofrem com a alienação dos sentimentos. O pensamento romântico do século XIX, como crítica à realidade burguesa, expõe o vazio existencial do sujeito que se sente desajustado à vida moderna. E no século XX esse espírito ainda ilumina a mente dos poetas, que continuam na busca por formas de se colocar em oposição à desumanização do homem. Desta forma, este artigo tem como objetivo refletir, por meio da análise comparativa, como a poesia da segunda metade do século XX encena o sentimento de revolta, romântico por excelência, à cidade como ambiente de alienação, partindo dos modernistas da década de 50, representados pelo poeta beatnik norte-americano Allen Ginsberg, para compreender os modernistas da década de 60, representados pelo poeta brasileiro Roberto Piva.
Apresentação Dossiê Resistência e Distopia
Authors: Ourique João Luis Pereira , Santos Douglas Eraldo dos
Published: November 2019

Neste exemplar da Revista Eletrônica Literatura e Autoritarismo reunimos em formato de dossiê um relevante conjunto de artigos propondo reflexões a partir das temáticas Resistência e Distopia. Para integrar as discussões, que a despeito de suas particularidades, estabelecem diálogos interconectados, optamos por dividir o dossiê em duas partes, Marcas da violência e o testemunho da resistência e Distopias.
Evaluation and Optimization of Gas Volume on CO2 Huff and Puff by Multiple Horizontal Wells in Fault-Block Reservoirs with Edge Aquifers
Authors: Wang Zhixing , Zhao Fenglan , Hou Jirui , Hao Hongda , Yan Li , Huang Shijun
Published: November 2019

Problems like small sweeping volume, short stimulating period and poor producing performance challenge the effectiveness of single horizontal well CO2 huff ‘n’ puff in the fault-block reservoirs with edge water. The effect of CO2 volume on multiple horizontal wells CO2 huff ‘n’ puff has been studied in this paper to investigates the feasibility of CO2 huff ‘n’ puff by horizontal well group. Studies on both isothermal property of CO2 and the CO2-crude oil properties under reservoir conditions offer the possible basis for this work. A 3D edge water model with three horizontal wells, which was designed and produced according to geological data, was used to simulate the process of CO2 huff ‘n’ puff by horizontal well group. Subsequently, experiments were carried to investigate the impact of CO2 volume on water control and oil stimulation. Results show the CO2 isothermal compressibility under certain pressure make it possible to inject gas with relatively low energy loss and to enlarge sweeping volume. Meanwhile, with more CO2 mole composition in the crude oil, the mixture intends to be more flowable. Consequently, as the gas volume increases from 0.07PV to 0.13PV, the comprehensive water cut rate drop from 0.72% to 5.93%, and both oil and gas production increase accordingly. However, the gas use ratio dwindles as the volume exceeds 0.13PV.
Experimental Investigation of Supercritical CO2 Injection for Enhanced Gas Recovery in Tight Gas Reservoir
Authors: Ding Jingchen , Cao Tongsheng , Wu Jianbiao
Published: November 2019

Tight gas reservoirs always have low natural gas recovery due to poor physical properties. However, there is still no effective means to enhance gas recovery (EGR) in tight gas reservoir. In this paper, experimental approaches were carried out to study the Supercritical CO2 (SCCO2) injection for EGR in tight gas reservoirs. Phase behavior investigation was performed to indicate the property difference between SCCO2 and natural gas under reservoir condition. Results show that SCCO2 has significantly higher density and viscosity than natural gas under reservoir condition. Gravity differentiation and near-piston displacement can be achieved in case of SCCO2 injection and thus the displacement efficiency can be improved. Gas adsorption tests show that the adsorption capacity of SCCO2 in tight sandstone is more than 50% higher than that of natural gas. Diffusion simulation show that SCCO2 shows weak diffusion capacity and slow diffusion process in natural gas, which indicates that SCCO2 and natural gas are not easy to mix and it is good for displacement and EGR. On the basis of these fundamental tests, long-core experiments of SCCO2 injection for EGR in tight gas reservoir were carried out using natural cores from DS tight gas reservoir. Results indicate that SCCO2 injection can improve gas recovery by 18.9% on the basis of gas depletion. Furthermore, the influencing factors of SCCO2 injection in tight cores were experimentally investigated. Results demonstrate that SCCO2 injection have better EGR effect in case of lower permeability, higher water saturation and greater dip angle.
Internasjonalt mangfold ved NTNU
Authors: Flikke Julie Kathrine , Øyslebø Sørensen Siri
Published: November 2019

Det har lenge vært rettet mye oppmerksomhet mot kjønnsbalanse i akademia, og da særlig i toppstillinger. Andre ulikheter er mindre utforsket i norsk kontekst, samtidig som at økt internasjonalisering er et strategisk mål for de fleste norske universitetene. Fra tidligere forskning i andre kontekster og organisasjoner vet vi at forestillinger om rase, etnisitet og kjønn er avgjørende for hvem som inkluderes og ekskluderes fra organisasjoner og muligheter for makt. Hvordan spiller dette seg ut blant vitenskapelig ansatte på universitetene? Hva innebærer ”internasjonalt mangfold” i praksis for forskere, fagmiljø, og for universitetet som institusjon?

I denne presentasjonen vil vi formidle resultater fra et forskningsprosjekt gjennomført ved NTNU i perioden mai-november 2019. Prosjektet har som formål å utforske erfaringer med å håndtere ”internasjonalt mangfold” i den praktiske hverdagen på universitetet. Spørsmål som undersøkes dreier seg blant annet om tilhørighet og utenforskap som produseres gjennom språkpraksiser og sosiale fellesskap, samt likhet og forskjell som spenningsfelt i faglig arbeid. Det empiriske materialet består av kvalitative intervjuer med forskere med internasjonal bakgrunn, fordelt på forskjellige fagfelt og stillingskategorier, samt intervjuer med mottaksapparatet sentralt på universitetet og lokalt på instituttnivå.
Archaeological field survey of the Dønnesfjord Basin, Outer Sørøya in 2017, under the «Stone Age Demographics» research project
Authors: Jørgensen Erlend Kirkeng , Jordan Peter D. , Vollan Kenneth Webb Berg
Published: November 2019

The report sums up the results of the field survey conducted in the Dønnesfjord basin, northern Sørøya, by Kenneth Webb Vollan, Peter Jordan and Erlend Kirkeng Jørgensen on June 27, 2017.
Effects of miniaturization in the anatomy of the minute springtailMesaphorura sylvatica(Hexapoda: Collembola: Tullbergiidae)
Authors: Panina Irina V. , Potapov Mikhail B. , Polilov Alexey A.
Published: November 2019

Smaller animals display pecular characteristics related to their small body size, and miniaturization has recently been intensely studied in insects, but not in other arthropods. Collembola, or springtails, are abundant soil microarthropods and form one of the four basal groups of hexapods. Many of them are notably smaller than 1 mm long, which makes them a good model for studying miniaturization effects in arthropods. In this study we analyze for the first time the anatomy of the minute springtailMesaphorura sylvatica(body length 400 µm). It is described using light and scanning electron microscopy and 3D computer reconstruction. Possible effects of miniaturization are revealed based on a comparative analysis of data from this study and from studies on the anatomy of larger collembolans. Despite the extremely small size ofM.sylvatica, some organ systems, e.g., muscular and digestive, remain complex. On the other hand, the nervous system displays considerable changes. The brain has two pairs of apertures with three pairs of muscles running through them, and all ganglia are shifted posteriad by one segment. The relative volumes of the skeleton, brain, and musculature are smaller than those of most microinsects, while the relative volumes of other systems are greater than or the same as in most microinsects. Comparison of the effects of miniaturization in collembolans with those of insects has shown that most of the miniaturization-related features ofM. sylvaticahave also been found in microinsects (shift of the brain into the prothorax, absent heart, absence of midgut musculature, etc.), but also has revealed unique features (brain with two apertures and three pairs of muscles going through them), which have not been described before.