bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Faults and lineaments of the Western Quebec Seismic Zone, Quebec and Ontario
Authors: Lamontagne M , Brouillette P , Grégoire S , Bédard M
P , Bleeker W
Published: March 2020

This Open File contains the interpreted brittle lineaments and a compilation of mapped faults of an area bound by latitudes 44°N and 48°N and longitudes 73°W and 80°W. The area includes most of the Ottawa River watershed. It also covers most
of eastern Ontario and the Laurentians, between Montréal (QC) and North Bay (ON). The study area includes the seismically active region known as the Western Quebec Seismic Zone (WQSZ). The WQSZ is an area where earthquakes as large as magnitude 6.2 have occurred in the past and where tens of
smaller earthquakes are recorded yearly. Our study is an attempt to provide a homogeneous coverage of these brittle structures through an integration of visually interpreted lineaments and mapped faults. The possible relationships between these brittle faults and earthquakes will be examined later.
Lineaments were observed mostly from the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the Canadian National Topographic Data Base (NTDB) at a scale of 1:250 000. The DEMs illuminated from two directions were used to first visually recognize lineaments and second, to georeference their surface expressions in a
Geographic Information System (GIS). Since the final goal was to better map the brittle faults that could be reactivated in earthquakes, the clear ductile structures were not considered in this study and the more questionable ones re-evaluated subsequently against known geological information. Most
of the region of interest is southeast of the Grenville Front, where all ductile structures are related to the Grenville orogeny (about 1 billion years ago). The recognition of brittle structures is based on the observation that they are essentially linear in plan view. On the other hand, the
ductile structures are generally curved, enhance contact between different Grenvillian lithologies, or present a distinct structural pattern. With a few exceptions, only lineaments with a length greater than 5 km were included. After a first detection pass, lineaments at a more regional scale were
drawn by interpolating between segments of lineaments. These interpolated segments corresponded to areas where the topography was subdued and where no conspicuous trace existed. The interpreted lineaments were then compared with the provincial geological maps of Quebec and Ontario, which often did
not distinguish between brittle faults and ductile shear zones. Lineaments that coincided with diabase dykes were recognized by consulting geological maps and by examining the total magnetic field. Our final product is a 1:750,000 scale map that can be used in the future to better understand the
seismotectonics of this region.
Anatomical features of the lumbo sacral spine
Authors: Trevor-Jones R.
Published: March 2020

No abstract available.
Krukenberg amputationplasty for loss of the hand
Authors: Younhleson J. H.
Published: March 2020

No abstract available.
Book Reviews
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: March 2020

No abstract available.
Entomological Surveillance Associated with Human Zika Cases in Miri Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Ali Roziah , Azmi Ruziyatul Aznieda , Wasi Ahmad Nazni , Abd Hadi Azahari , Muhamed Khairul Asuad , Rasli Rosilawati , Yoon Ling Cheong , Anak Chua Henry , Lian Wan Kiew , Lee Han Lim
Published: March 2020

Two confirmed human cases of Zika virus (ZIKV) were reported in the district of Miri, Sarawak, in 2016. Following that, a mosquito-based ZIKV surveillance study was conducted within 200-m radius from the case houses. Mosquito surveillance was conducted using five different methods, that is, biogents sentinel mosquito (BG) sentinel trap, modified sticky ovitrap, resting catch, larval surveillance, and conventional ovitrap. A total of 527 and 390 mosquito samples were obtained from the case houses in two localities, namely, Kampung Lopeng and Taman Shang Ri La, Miri, Sarawak, respectively. All mosquitoes collected were identified, which consisted of 11 species. Aedes albopictus, both the adult and larval stages, was the dominant species. Resting catch method obtained the highest number of adult mosquitoes (67%), whereas ovitrap showed the highest catch for larval mosquitoes (84%). Zika virus was detected in both adults and larvae of Ae. albopictus together with adults of Culex gelidus, and Culex quinquefasciatus using the real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. It was noteworthy that Ae. albopictus positive with ZIKV were caught and obtained from four types of collection method. By contrast, Cx. gelidus and Culex quinquefasciatus adults collected from sticky ovitraps were also found positive with ZIKV. This study reveals vital information regarding the potential vectors of ZIKV and the possibility of transovarian transmission of the virus in Malaysia. These findings will be essentials for vector control program managers to devise preparedness and contingency plans of prevention and control of the arboviral disease.
Functional Outcomes among a Cohort of Children in Northeastern Brazil Meeting Criteria for Follow-Up of Congenital Zika Virus Infection
Authors: Bertolli Jeanne , Attell Jacob Elijah , Rose Charles , Moore Cynthia A. , Melo Flávio , Staples Jennifer Erin , Kotzky Kim , Krishna Nevin , Satterfield-Nash Ashley , Pereira Isabela Ornelas , Pessoa André , Smith Donna Camille , Santelli Ana Carolina Faria e Silva , Boyle Coleen A. , Peacock Georgina
Published: March 2020

Following the large outbreak of Zika virus in the Western Hemisphere, many infants have been born with congenital Zika virus infection. It is important to describe the functional outcomes seen with congenital infections to allow for their recognition and appropriate interventions. We evaluated 120 children conceived during the 2015–2016 Zika virus outbreak in Paraíba, Brazil, who were approximately 24 months old, to assess functional outcomes. All children met either anthropometric criteria or laboratory criteria suggestive of possible congenital Zika virus infection. We collected results of previous medical evaluations, interviewed parents, and performed physical examinations and functional assessments, for example, the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE). We compared patterns of neurologic outcomes and developmental delay at age 24 months by whether children met anthropometric or laboratory criteria, or both. Among children meeting both criteria, 60% (26/43) were multiply affected (had severe motor impairment, severe developmental delay, and suboptimal HINE scores), compared with 5% (3/57) meeting only laboratory criteria and none (0/20) meeting only anthropometric criteria. Of the remaining 91 children, 49% (45) had developmental delay, with more severe delay seen in children meeting both criteria. Although children meeting physical and laboratory criteria for potential congenital Zika virus infection were more severely affected, we did identify several children with notable adverse neurologic outcomes and developmental delay with no physical findings but potential laboratory evidence of Zika virus infection. Given this, all children who were potentially exposed in utero to Zika virus should be monitored in early childhood for deficits to allow for early intervention.
Interações entre o sistema da medicina e da saúde: observações a partir da teoria dos sistemas sociais
Authors: Rocha Leonel Severo , Kòlling Gabrielle Jacobi , OLSSON GUSTAVO ANDRE
Published: March 2020

Os limites e a relação do sistema médico com o da saúde são pautas para discussão na teoria dos sistemas, considerando que Luhmann abordou somente o sistema médico. A função do sistema médico está vinculada à cura e ao tratamento de doenças. Já o sistema da saúde apresenta-se ainda em processo de construção. Assim, a partir da utilização do método sistêmico, o objetivo deste trabalho é analisar e compreender a operacionalidade do código do sistema médico, bem como observar, a partir da própria teoria, a relação da prevenção com o sistema médico e a relação deste com o sistema da saúde.
PERFIL ANTROPOMÉTRICO DE LOS PAÍSES PARTICIPANTES DEL CAMPEONATO SUDAMERICANO JUVENIL FEMENINO DE FÚTBOL AÑO 2006.
Authors: Soto Silva Víctor Hugo , Huerta Ojeda Álvaro
Published: March 2020

El propósito de este estudio es determinar el perfil antropométrico de los países participantes del campeonato sudamericano juvenil femenino, realizado en Chile en enero de 2006. La investigación es del tipo cuantitativo con un alcance Exploratorio Descriptivo del tipo No Experimental Transeccional, la muestra es de 120 jugadoras de seis de los nueve países participantes. Los datos se analizarán con medidas de tendencia central, incorporando parámetros antropométricos básico (peso, talla e IMC) y Somatotipo por el método de Heath & Carter. Los sujetos evaluados presentaron una media de edad de 17,7±1,51 años, una estatura de 160±5,68 cms., un peso de 57,5±5,59 kgs. y un IMC de 22,2±1,77 kg/m2. El somatotipo general de las deportistas participantes de esta investigación fue endo-mesomorfo (4,7- 4,2- 2,0). Las participantes del Subamericano Juvenil Femenino de Fútbol, realizado en Chile en enero de 2006, presentan un elevado componente graso (4,7), seguido por un componente muscular en el límite inferior de parámetros normales (4,2) y de tejido óseo levemente bajo para deportistas (2,0).
Snow-induced buffering in aerosol–cloud interactions
Authors: Michibata Takuro , Suzuki Kentaroh , Takemura Toshihiko
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Complex aerosol–cloud–precipitation interactions lead to large differences in estimates of aerosol impacts on climate among general circulation models (GCMs) and satellite retrievals. Typically, precipitating hydrometeors are treated diagnostically in most GCMs, and their radiative effects are ignored. Here, we quantify how the treatment of precipitation influences the simulated effective radiative forcing due to aerosol–cloud interactions (ERFaci) using a state-of-the-art GCM with a two-moment prognostic precipitation scheme that incorporates the radiative effect of precipitating particles, and investigate how microphysical process representations are related to macroscopic climate effects. Prognostic precipitation substantially weakens the magnitude of ERFaci (by approximately 75 %) compared with the traditional diagnostic scheme, and this is the result of the increased longwave (warming) and weakened shortwave (cooling) components of ERFaci. The former is attributed to additional adjustment processes induced by falling snow, and the latter stems largely from riming of snow by collection of cloud droplets. The significant reduction in ERFaci does not occur without prognostic snow, which contributes mainly by buffering the cloud response to aerosol perturbations through depleting cloud water via collection. Prognostic precipitation also alters the regional pattern of ERFaci, particularly over northern mid-latitudes where snow is abundant. The treatment of precipitation is thus a highly influential controlling factor of ERFaci, contributing more than other uncertain tunable processes related to aerosol–cloud–precipitation interactions. This change in ERFaci caused by the treatment of precipitation is large enough to explain the existing difference in ERFaci between GCMs and observations.
Applying Deep Learning to NASA MODIS Data to Create a Community Record of Marine Low Cloud Mesoscale Morphology
Authors: Yuan Tianle , Song Hua , Wood Robert , Mohrmann Johannes , Meyer Kerry , Oreopoulos Lazaros , Platnick Steven
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Marine low clouds display rich mesoscale morphological types, distinct spatial patterns of cloud fields. Being able to differentiate low cloud morphology offers a tool for the research community to go one step beyond bulk cloud statistics such as cloud fraction and advance the understanding of low clouds. Here we report the progress of a NASA funded project that aims to create an observational record of low cloud mesoscale morphology at a near-global (60S–60N) scale. First, a training set is created by our team members manually labeling thousands of mesoscale (128 x 128) MODIS scenes into six different categories: stratus, closed cellular convection, disorganized convection, open cellular convection, clustered cumulus convection, and suppressed cumulus convection. Then we train a deep convolutional neural network model using this training set to classify individual MODIS scenes at 128 x 128 resolution, and test it on a test set. The trained model achieves a cross-type average precision of about 93 %. We apply the trained model to 16 years of data over the Southeast Pacific. The resulting climatological distribution of low cloud morphology types show both expected and unexpected features and suggest promising potential for low cloud studies as a data product.
Quartz dissolution associated with magnesium silicate hydrate cement precipitation
Authors: de Ruiter Lisa , Gunnæs Anette Eleonora , Dysthe Dag Kristian , Austrheim Håkon
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Quartz has been replaced by magnesium silicate hydrate cement at the Feragen ultramafic body in south-east Norway. This occurs in deformed and recrystallized quartz grains deposited as glacial till covering part of the ultramafic body. Where the ultramafic body is exposed, weathering leads to high pH (~10), Mg-rich fluids. The dissolution rate of the quartz is about 3 orders of magnitude higher than experimentally derived rate equations suggest under the prevailing conditions. Quartz dissolution and cement precipitation starts at intergranular grain boundaries that act as fluid pathways through the recrystallized quartz. Etch pits are also extensively present at the quartz surfaces as result of preferential dissolution at dislocation sites. Transmission electron microscopy revealed an amorphous silica layer with a thickness of 100–200 nm around weathered quartz grains. We suggest that the amorphous silica is a product of interface-coupled dissolution-precipitation and that the amorphous silica subsequently reacts with the Mg-rich, high pH bulk fluid to precipitate magnesium silicate hydrate cement, allowing for further quartz dissolution and locally a complete replacement of quartz by cement. The cement is the natural equivalent of magnesium silicate hydrate cement (M-S-H), which is currently of interest for nuclear waste encapsulation or for environmentally friendly building cement, but not yet developed for commercial use. This study provides new insights that could potentially contribute in the further development of M-S-H cement.
Revistas depredadoras: fraude en la ciencia
Authors: Alonso Arévalo Julio , Saraiva Rosa , Flórez Holguín Richard
Published: March 2020

Las publicaciones académicas están pasando de un modelo de pago por lectura a otro de pago por publicación. Estas revistas son libres de leer, pero cobran por adelantado las tasas de publicación al autor (APCs). Aunque muchas de las revistas de acceso abierto son legales y de buena reputación, existe una próspera economía de mercado negro de revistas de acceso abierto que se aprovechan de los autores y de la creciente presión para publicar que se ejerce sobre la comunidad académica. Son las llamadas revistas depredadoras que enmascaran publicaciones existentes con el único objetivo de obtener un beneficio económico. En este artículo se analiza el fenómeno, las formas que presenta, los agentes, las consecuencias y la contaminación sobre el sistema de comunicación científica.
Students' Perception of the Methodological Effectiveness of Italian Courses at the Italian Cultural Institute in Osaka
Authors: Maugeri Giuseppe , Serragiotto Graziano
Published: March 2020

By beginning with an analysis of the linguistic policy in Japan, this case study maps the institutions that promote the Italian language and culture in the territory of Kansai, as well as examine the teaching of Italian at the Italian Cultural Institute in Osaka (IIC). The Osaka Institute represents the largest cultural and linguistic centre of Italian in Kansai. Hence, the aim of this investigation is to identify what type of Italian is taught at the IIC, how it is learned, as well as the main reasons that determine the decrease in Italian language students at the centre. By using the holistic Action Research approach, useful data was obtained for the registry analysis of the entities involved in the dissemination of Italian and of the teaching practices carried out in the IIC courses. Furthermore, the data acquired highlights how the prospects of the Italian language in Kansai are closely correlated with the effectiveness of the linguistic promotion of competent institutions, the renewal of the teaching operating models, and the modernization of teaching and evaluation practices.
Assessing PIIGS Country Performance against Themselves and the EU
Authors: Barrows Samuel D.
Published: March 2020

This study reviews research and provides discussions on various aspects of optimal currency areas, the link between debt and growth rates, and government debt levels for the PIIGS countries which consist of Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece, and Spain. Ten years after the Great Financial Crisis (GFC), and five years after 2013, the year of peak debt levels to GDP for the PIIGS countries and the year of the lowest real GDP levels between 2011 and 2018 for the PIIGS countries, this study provides an assessment of PIIGS country performance relative to each other and to the EU. The study time frame includes the years 2013 and 2018 using twelve measurements grouped into four sections which provide insight into the economic performance of the PIIGS countries. The sections are Trade Flows, Industry / Debt / Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Demographics, and Economic Outcomes. Based on a summary analysis of the measurements, the overall ranking is: Ireland, followed by the EU, Spain, Portugal, Italy then Greece.
Fixation of BiOI/BiOBr/MoS2 Powders on Fiber Cloths for Photocatalytic Degradation of Ammonia Nitrogen from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Wei Yi , Tang Peiwei , Huang Minfeng , Pan Yongzhang
Published: March 2020

A novel photocatalyst powder, BiOI/BiOBr/MoS2, was synthesized by a simple solvothermal method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), specific surface area and pore size analyses, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray energy spectrometry (EDS) were utilized to characterize the prepared samples. After evaluating the photocatalytic performance of the catalyst, it was loaded on the glass fiber and carbon fiber by polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and N-methylpyrrolidone, respectively. The photocatalytic activity of the composite was investigated by the degradation of ammonia nitrogen wastewater. The fiber cloth solved the problem of separation of powder from solution after reaction, and the presence of the binder reduces the agglomeration of the nanoparticles in the water. After four times repeated experiments, the degradation of simulate ammonia nitrogen wastewater by loaded glass fiber and loaded carbon fiber are 74.1% and 60.58%. Fixation of BiOI/BiOBr/MoS2 powders on fiber cloth solve the problem of difficult recovery of powder photocatalytic materials and it can be recycled, which has economic valuable.
Climate Change, Sustainable Development and Developing Countries
Authors: Mugenyi Asa
Published: March 2020

This Article addresses the issue whether climate change is a myth or a reality. Can if affect development of developing countries? This article is a qualitative research on the need of developing countries to strike a balance on the options of choosing whether to pursue sustainable development goals only or addressing climate change and its effects or both. Developing countries are affected by climate change just like the developed countries. If they were to ignore it this would affect their sustainable development goals. However to address climate change, their pursuit of sustainable development is affected. Resources that would be used in achieving the goals of sustainable development are diverted to combating the effects of climate change. Developing countries lack the technology and finances to combat climate change on their own. They need developed countries to assist them. However this assistance is not forthcoming. Therefore there is a need to strike a balance between what goals to pursue. We look at Uganda as an example of a developing country that is affected by climate change and how it has coped briefly. We look at the international conventions that deal with climate change including the Paris Agreement and we see how they impact on developing countries’ pursuit of sustainable development goals. Are the conventions adequate?
Revisional notes on the distribution of noctuid moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Erebidae, Noctuidae) from the xerothermic hills above the River Nida valley, southern Poland
Authors: Nowacki Janusz , Wąsala Roman
Published: March 2020

As a result of the revision of the noctuid moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea) collection of A. S. Kostrowicki from the River Nida valley (Małopolska Upland, southern Poland) from mid-20th century, and recent fieldwork, a total of 37 species of noctuid moths are listed for the first time from the xerothermic hills of this area. One species, Pechipogo plumigeralis (Hübner, 1825), is formally removed from the checklist of Polish fauna of Lepidoptera.
Jaké zásady pro znalecké dokazování vyplývají z práva na spravedlivý proces?
Authors: Tomoszek Maxim
Published: March 2020

Při prokazování skutečností, které vyžadují odborné znalosti, soudy často využívají znalecké posudky, a to jak v trestním, tak v civilním (i správním) soudním řízení. Obdobně jako jiné prvky soudního řízení, i znalecké dokazování se řídí určitými pravidly, která mají zejména zajistit, aby výsledný soudní proces spravedlivý. Cílem předkládaného článku je analyzovat relevantní judikaturu ÚS a ESLP, a doplňkově i NS, a z ní vyvodit hlavní principy, jimiž se má znalecké dokazování v soudním řízení řídit.
Psychologické aspekty rozhodování soudů se zaměřením na hodnocení důkazu znaleckým posudkem
Authors: Martino Baráková Martina
Published: March 2020

Rozhodování patří mezi běžné procesy všedního života, přičemž ve všech situacích procesu rozhodování procházíme výběrem z alternativ, jež přicházejí v úvahu. Zásadním rozdílem diferencujícím význam rozhodnutí je čas, který k nalezení správného řešení potřebujeme. Z toho důvodu do procesu rozhodování zapojujeme heuristiky, zjednodušující proces uvažování, umožňující prostřednictvím myšlenkových zkratek dosažení rychlejší odpovědi. Užití heuristik přináší nejen výhody rychlosti, ale i silné riziko kognitivních zkreslení. Proces soudního rozhodování je srovnatelný s běžným rozhodováním, a je tedy možné jej zkoumat také z pohledu psychologie. Předkládaný článek má za cíl představit jednotlivé druhy kognitivních iluzí vstupujících do procesu rozhodování a s využitím psychologických poznatků analyzovat proces rozhodování soudů. Článek upozorňuje na úskalí spojená s používáním heuristik, přičemž se blíže zaměřuje na dopad kognitivních zkreslení při použití důkazu znaleckým posudkem a navrhuje opatření pro zlepšení situace.
Another World Is Present
Authors: Rinderknecht Jakob Karl ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: March 2020

Contemporary Roman Catholic considerations of church reform are often impeded by the worry that any acknowledgment of systematic or properly ecclesial failure calls Jesus’s promise of the church’s indefectibility into question. This makes honesty about such failure, and therefore true reform, impossible. At best, in this way of thinking, blame can be shifted onto a few “bad apples.” Karl Rahner’s engagement with a quite different problem—how Roman Catholics can account for the fruits of the Spirit in Protestant Ministries—can provide tools for a renewed ecclesiology capable of honestly reckoning with sin in and by the church.
A importância histórica, socioeconômica e ambiental da cacauicultura para o estado de Rondônia
Authors: Lima Juocerlee Tavares Guadalupe Pereira de , Rocha Rodrigo Barros
Published: March 2020

O presente trabalho se insere no ramo de tecnologia agrícola sustentável, mais precisamente na cacauicultura em Sistemas Agroflorestais (SAFs). Para tanto, teve como objetivo geral analisar a importância histórica, socioeconômica e ambiental da cacauicultura para Rondônia. Tratou-se de um estudo exploratório e descritivo, que teve uma abordagem qualitativa. Por meio de análise do contexto histórico da cacauicultura em Rondônia através das teorias de desenvolvimento conclui-se que a implantação comercial de cacau no Estado, apesar de ter iniciada na década de 1960, período esse após a abolição da escravatura, o seu planejamento não atendeu os requisitos mínimos do modelo de desenvolvimento local, mas sim um modelo em que os beneficiários são os outsiders. Conclui-se ainda que, com a área plantada de cacau ainda existente em Rondônia, havendo uma política pública envolvendo todos os stakeholders do ramo do cacau incluindo a comunidade técnica, científica e acadêmica, o Estado tem um potencial de produzir cerca de 16 mil toneladas de cacau por ano, atendendo a uma produtividade média de cerca de 1.200 kg/ha/ano-1. Não obstante a produção de cacau em SAFs poderiam trazer inúmeros benefícios sociais e ambientais., tais como manutenção das condições de habitabilidade do planeta, manutenção dos ciclos biogeoquímicos, manutenção do clima, oferta de paisagem, proteção de mananciais hídricos, proteção da diversidade de genes e espécies, estoque de carbono, produção agrícola, dentre outros.
Dificultades, estrategias y recursos en la traducción de estados financieros: fuentes normativas y textos paralelos
Authors: García González Marta
Published: March 2020

A partir de la revisión bibliográfica en el ámbito de la traducción contable, el artículo analiza las necesidades de traducción que se generan en este campo de la economía, así como las principales dificultades asociadas a la transferencia de este tipo de textos y las estrategias de traducción más adecuadas para hacerles frente. Se valora la imposibilidad de utilizar equivalentes funcionales en muchos casos, debido a la coexistencia de normativas contables diferentes y a la dificultad que supone determinar las necesidades y expectativas de los usuarios de las traducciones. A continuación, se evalúa la utilidad de las fuentes normativas, así como de los textos y corpus paralelos como recursos para la extracción terminológica y la aclaración de ambigüedades en la traducción de estados financieros. Para ello, se analizan principalmente dos tipos de fuentes, las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera (NIIF) en sus versiones original y adaptada a la UE, y una selección de estados financieros de empresas españolas, británicas y estadounidenses. Los resultados apuntan hacia la necesidad de promover la adquisición de competencias temáticas en la materia como paso imprescindible para gestionar de manera satisfactoria el proceso documental y de traducción.
Space explorers need to be space farmers: What we know and what we need to know about plant growth in space
Authors: Medina F. Javier
Published: March 2020

Space exploration will require life support systems, in which plants can provide nutrients, oxygen, moisture, and psychological well-being and eliminate wastes. In alien environments, plants must adapt to a different gravity force, even the zero gravity of spaceflight. Under these conditions, essential cellular and molecular features related to plant development are altered and changes in gene expression occur. In lunar gravity, the effects are comparable to microgravity, while the gravity of Mars produces milder alterations. Nevertheless, it has been possible to develop and reproduce plants in space. Current research seeks to identify signals replacing gravity for driving plant growth, such as light. Counteracting gravitational stress will help in enabling agriculture in extraterrestrial habitats.
Producir más alimentos de forma sostenible es posible: Fertilización biotecnológica y sostenible ante el problema del crecimiento poblacional
Authors: Del Pozo Juan Carlos
Published: March 2020

El gran aumento de la población mundial previsto para este siglo obligará a incrementar la producción agrícola de forma proporcional para asegurar la alimentación. Sin embargo, actualmente la sociedad demanda nuevos métodos de producción más sostenibles y respetuosos con el medio ambiente. Para poder obtener este incremento sostenible es necesario hacer uso de las nuevas herramientas biotecnológicas, como la edición génica o la biología sintética, y del conocimiento generado por los investigadores durante años. El microbioma del suelo está emergiendo como una poderosa herramienta biotecnológica. Estos microorganismos beneficiosos promueven el crecimiento vegetal a través del aporte de nutrientes, producción de hormonas o metabolitos secundarios. Por ello, el uso de estos microrganismos ayudará a incrementar la producción agrícola de forma sostenible.
Local Energy Transition and Technical Knowledge in the Southern Cone: A Sociological Approach
Authors: Parker G. Cristián
Published: March 2020

Social research on the transition to renewable energies has focused on understanding public policies and social movements. Energy knowledge plays an important practical, normative, and social role that influences actors’ approaches to this transition, which has been scarcely studied at local or community levels, let alone in the Global South. A comparative methodology is used to study cases of communes in Argentina and Chile. The results are presented using a variety of data sources to explore the frameworks of the energy matrix and energy projects, revealing the role of technical knowledge in building local agency. This article presents a theoretical discussion and conclusions that include proposals for the future development of a more local, inclusive, committed and deliberative transition process, based on local technical expertise in renewable energies.
Cryo-EM structures of S-OPA1 reveal its interactions with membrane and changes upon nucleotide binding
Authors: Zhang Danyang , Zhang Yan , Ma Jun , Zhu Chunmei , Niu Tongxin , Chen Wenbo , Pang Xiaoyun , Zhai Yujia , Sun Fei
Published: March 2020

Mammalian mitochondrial inner membrane fusion is mediated by optic atrophy 1 (OPA1). Under physiological conditions, OPA1 undergoes proteolytic processing to form a membrane-anchored long isoform (L-OPA1) and a soluble short isoform (S-OPA1). A combination of L-OPA1 and S-OPA1 is essential for efficient membrane fusion; however, the relevant mechanism is not well understood. In this study, we investigate the cryo-electron microscopic structures of S-OPA1–coated liposomes in nucleotide-free and GTPγS-bound states. S-OPA1 exhibits a general dynamin-like structure and can assemble onto membranes in a helical array with a dimer building block. We reveal that hydrophobic residues in its extended membrane-binding domain are critical for its tubulation activity. The binding of GTPγS triggers a conformational change and results in a rearrangement of the helical lattice and tube expansion similar to that of S-Mgm1. These observations indicate that S-OPA1 adopts a dynamin-like power stroke membrane remodeling mechanism during mitochondrial inner membrane fusion.
Incomplete vesicular docking limits synaptic strength under high release probability conditions
Authors: Malagon Gerardo , Miki Takafumi , Tran Van , Gomez Laura C , Marty Alain
Published: March 2020

Central mammalian synapses release synaptic vesicles in dedicated structures called docking/release sites. It has been assumed that when voltage-dependent calcium entry is sufficiently large, synaptic output attains a maximum value of one synaptic vesicle per action potential and per site. Here we use deconvolution to count synaptic vesicle output at single sites (mean site number per synapse: 3.6). When increasing calcium entry with tetraethylammonium in 1.5 mM external calcium concentration, we find that synaptic output saturates at 0.22 vesicle per site, not at 1 vesicle per site. Fitting the results with current models of calcium-dependent exocytosis indicates that the 0.22 vesicle limit reflects the probability of docking sites to be occupied by synaptic vesicles at rest, as only docked vesicles can be released. With 3 mM external calcium, the maximum output per site increases to 0.47, indicating an increase in docking site occupancy as a function of external calcium concentration.
Identification of core genes associated with prostate cancer progression and outcome via bioinformatics analysis in multiple databases
Authors: Wang Yutao , Wang Jianfeng , Yan Kexin , Lin Jiaxing , Zheng Zhenhua , Bi Jianbin
Published: March 2020

The morbidity and mortality of prostate carcinoma has increased in recent years and has become the second most common ale malignant carcinoma worldwide. The interaction mechanisms between different genes and signaling pathways, however, are still unclear.

Methods

Variation analysis ofGSE38241,GSE69223,GSE46602andGSE104749were realized by GEO2R in Gene Expression Omnibus database. Function enrichment was analyzed by DAVID.6.8. Furthermore, the PPI network and the significant module were analyzed by Cytoscape, STRING and MCODE.GO. Pathway analysis showed that the 20 candidate genes were closely related to mitosis, cell division, cell cycle phases and the p53 signaling pathway. A total of six independent prognostic factors were identified inGSE21032and TCGA PRAD. Oncomine database and The Human Protein Atlas were applied to explicit that six core genes were over expression in prostate cancer compared to normal prostate tissue in the process of transcriptional and translational. Finally, gene set enrichment were performed to identified the related pathway of core genes involved in prostate cancer.

Result

Hierarchical clustering analysis revealed that these 20 core genes were mostly related to carcinogenesis and development. CKS2, TK1, MKI67, TOP2A, CCNB1 and RRM2 directly related to the recurrence and prognosis of prostate cancer. This result was verified by TCGA database andGSE21032.

Conclusion

These core genes play a crucial role in tumor carcinogenesis, development, recurrence, metastasis and progression. Identifying these genes could help us to understand the molecular mechanisms and provide potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer.
Plantar support adaptations in healthy subjects after eight weeks of barefoot running training
Authors: Sánchez-Ramírez Celso , Alegre Luis M.
Published: March 2020

Background

Although the studies of barefoot running have intensified, it is still missing longitudinal work analyzing the effects of barefoot running on the phases of plantar support. The objective of this research was to analyze the modifications undergone by the Total Foot Contact (TFC) phase and its Flat Foot Phase (FFP) in subjects beginning the practice of barefoot running, in its acute and chronic effects.

Methods

A total of 28 subjects were divided into the Barefoot Group (BFGr) (n= 16) and the Shod Group (SHGr) (n= 12), evaluated before (Baseline) and after running for 20 min at 3.05 m·s−1(Post 20 min Running), and at the end of a running training protocol with an 8-week long progressive volume (Post-8-week Training). The dynamic plantar support was measured with a baropodoscope. The duration of TFC (ms), the moment at which the FFP occurred, the maximum surface of TFC (MSTFC) (cm2), the FFP surface (SFFP) (cm2), the peak pressure of TFC (PP°TFC) (kg·cm−2), and the peak pressure of FFP (PP°FFP) (kg·cm−2) were recorded. The 3 × 2 ANOVA analysis was made to determine the effects and interactions that the condition produced (Shod/Barefoot), and the time factor (Baseline/Post 20 min Running/Post-8-week Training).

Results

The condition factor caused more significant effects than the time factor in all the variables. Duration of TFC in BFGr showed significant differences between the Baseline and Post-8-week Training (p= 0.000) and between Post-20-min Running and Post-8-week Training (p= 0.000), with an increasing trend. In the moment at which the FFP occurred a significant increase (p= 0.029) increase was found in Post-20 min Running (48.5%) compared to the Baseline (42.9%). In MSTFC, BFGr showed in Post-8-week Training values significantly higher than the Baseline (p= 0.000) and than Post-20-min Running (p= 0.000). SHGr presented a significant difference between the Baseline and Post-8-week Training (p= 0.040). SFFP in BFGr modified its values with an increasing trend (p= 0.000). PP°TFC in BFGr showed a significant decrease (p= 0.003) in Post-8-week Training (1.9 kg·cm−2) compared to the Baseline (2.4 kg·cm−2). In PP°FFP significant decreases were recorded in BFGr and between Post-8-week Training and Baseline (p= 0.000), and Post-8-week Training and Post 20 min Running (p= 0.035).

Conclusions

The adaptation took place after the 8-week training. The adaptations to running barefoot were characterized by causing an increase of the foot’s plantar support in TFC and in FFP, as well as a decrease of the plantar pressure peak in both phases. Also, there is an increased duration of the TFC and FFP, which may be related to an acquired strategy to attenuate the impacts of the ground’s reaction forces.
Health Information Analysis of Bank OCBC NISP 2015 - 2019
Authors: Mulyadi Hanafi , Virgana T. S. Rae
Published: March 2020

Aims: Examine the health information of OCBC NISP banks between the relationship of ratio data finance ROA (Return on Assets) between the relationship ROA, NPL, LDR and BOPO data.

Study Design: Statistical methods using the dependent variable is ROA (Return on Assets) and the independent variables namely NPL (Non-Performance Loan), LDR (Loan to Deposit Ratio), and BOPO (Operating Expenditures Operation Income) Data as health information analyzes Quarterly Data from 2015-2019

Place and Duration of Study: Information Systems, Faculty of Engineering, University Widyatama The research was Carried out between October 2019 to January 2020.

Methodology: Collecting the data in this study tries to analyze information between related the data relationships of NPL (Non-Performance Loan), LDR (Loan Deposit Ratio), and BOPO (Operating Expenditures Operation Income) to ROA (Return on Assets) on the bank OCBC NISP in the period 2015-2019 and using the fixed effects method.

Results: The results of this study NPL positive effect on ROA significant with a p-value of 0.6997, the coefficient NPL = +0.0536262, so any increase is in NPL 1% then the the resulting rise in ROA of 0.0536262%. For LDR positive effect on ROA and very significant with a p-value of 0.4301, the coefficient NPL = +0.00210031, so any increase is in NPL 1% then the the resulting rise of 0.00210031% ROA, and vice versa. To BOPO negative effect on ROA significant with a p-value of 0.0002, the coefficient of BOPO = -0.0793051, so any increase is in ROA of 1% then result in a Decrease of 0.0793051% ROA and vice versa.

Conclusion: The correlation between the independent ROA relationship to the NPL, LDR and ROA is related to the bank's health analysis from the coefficient value shown on the R-squared value of 0.980778 to describe a set of independent variables and the dependent variable explained by 98%.
Chemotherapeutic Interaction of Vernonia amygdalina (Delile) Leaf Extract with Artesunate and Amodiaquine in Murine Malaria Model
Authors: Osirim Esthinsheen , Adeyemi Oluwole I. , Igbinoba Sharon I. , Onyeji Cyprian O.
Published: March 2020

Aim of the Study: Conventional antimalarial drugs are used concurrently with herbal remedies in malarial endemic developing countries. Vernonia amygdalina is one of such popular herbs used in the treatment of malaria. This study aimed at investigating the antimalarial chemotherapeutic interaction of Vernonia amygdalina (VA) when combined with Amodiaquine (AQ) and/or Artesunate (AS) in a murine Plasmodium berghei malaria model.

Methodology: Various doses of aqueous VA leaf extract (100-500 mg/kg/day), AQ (2-10 mg/kg/day) and AS (0.8-4 mg/kg/day) were administered orally to P berghei.-infected Swiss albino mice to determine their sub-therapeutic doses. These doses were subsequently used to investigate the chemotherapeutic interactions of VA with AQ and/or AS in both early and established malaria infection test models. The survival of animals with established infections that received different drug/herb treatments were determined using their mean survival time (days) and Kaplan-Meier survival curves (percentage). Using GraphPad Instat (version 3.10) and PrismR (version 5.01) the data obtained were subjected to One-way ANOVA, followed by Student-Newman-Keuls test. P < .05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: The sub-therapeutic doses of VA, AQ and AS were found to be 100 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg and 2.4 mg/kg, respectively. The chemosuppressive effect of AQ or AS was significantly increased (p< 0.05) when administered in combination with the VA extract. Similarly, combination of VA extract with AQ or AS resulted in significant (P < .05) parasite clearance when compared to the effects of the herb or the conventional drugs administered separately. The mean survival period of animals with established infection was also significantly enhanced by the VA alone or with AQ (or AS) compared to placebo.
Antioxidant and chelating activities from Lion fish (Pterois volitans L.) muscle protein hydrolysates produced by in vitro digestion using pepsin and pancreatin.
Authors: Chel-Guerrero Luis , Cua-Aguayo David , Betancur-Ancona David , Chuc-Koyoc Azucena , Aranda-González Irma , Gallegos-Tintoré Santiago
Published: March 2020

The aim of the present research was to determine the antioxidant, and Cu2+ and Fe2+ chelating activities, amino acid content and estimated molecular weight of proteins and peptides from lion fish muscle-derived hydrolysates obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis with pepsin and pancreatin. The fillets were freeze-dried and hydrolysis was performed, taking aliquots at different times. The degree of hydrolysis, antioxidant activity against ABTS+ and DPPH, Cu2+ and Fe2+ chelating activity, as well as molecular weight estimated by SDS-PAGE and amino acid content by HPLC was determined. The highest degree of hydrolysis (DH) was at 180 min (37.75%). SDS-PAGE showed proteins with an estimated molecular weight of 45,259 and 42,487 Da, which could be associated with myofibrillar proteins. The progressive degradation of proteins by enzymes was also observed, detecting polypeptides with a EMW of 5,988 and 4,954 Da in the most representative hydrolysates. The H40 hydrolysate exhibited the highest ABTS and DPPH radical depuration activity, with values of 107.31 mM/mg protein and 54.27%, respectively. The iron and copper chelating activity was related to DH, since the highest values of iron and copper chelating activity were obtained in hydrolysates H120 and H140, with 90.83% chelation of Cu2+ and 56.33% chelation of Fe2+, respectively with no significant differences compared to subsequent times. In addition, the antioxidant and chelating activities were possibly related to Trp, Cys, Lys, Pro and Arg content. Lion fish muscle hydrolysates could be a potential source of functional ingredients due to their in vitro antioxidant and chelating activity.
Metagenomic Mining for Amine Dehydrogenase Discovery
Authors: Caparco Adam A. , Pelletier Eric , Petit Jean Louis , Jouenne Aurélie , Bommarius Bettina R. , de Berardinis Véronique , Zaparucha Anne , Champion Julie A. , Bommarius Andreas S. , Vergne‐Vaxelaire Carine
Published: March 2020

Amine dehydrogenases (AmDHs) catalyze the enzymatic reduction of ketones to amines, serving as a suitable biocatalytic route for amine synthesis. A limited number of experimentally validated native AmDHs (nat‐AmDHs) have been reported recently, expanding the sequences with this function to complement the small set of engineered enzymes. Since researchers can now probe into the vast diversity of enzymes within niche environments by a metagenomics approach, a tandem metagenomic and bioinformatic approach is a powerful tool to identify new members of limited enzyme families to access new features in an iterative fashion. The previously untapped biocatalytic reservoirs of the ocean environment and human microbiome were screened for potential AmDHs using a hidden Markov model. Among the hundreds of hits, a subset of 18 enzymes was selected for further characterization and were confirmed to display AmDH activity. Additional analysis on six enzymes confirmed altered cofactor specificities and variation in substrate scopes, catalytic efficiencies, and active site residues compared to the reference nat‐AmDHs previously described. Particularly, MATOUAmDH2 from an eukaryotic organism demonstrated specific activity of 11.07 and 0.88 U mg−1 toward isobutyraldehyde and 1,2‐cyclohexadione respectively. Their abundance among the screened environments was also described. The protein sequence diversity of validated AmDHs reached by this metagenomics mining strategy highlights the success of such an approach. Metagenomically mined proteins, including eukaryotic ones, stand to increase the reach of biocatalysis towards enviromentally benign processes.

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Ibotenic Acid Biosynthesis in the Fly Agaric Is Initiated by Glutamate Hydroxylation
Authors: Obermaier Sebastian , Müller Michael
Published: March 2020

The fly agaric, Amanita muscaria, is widely known for its content of the psychoactive metabolites ibotenic acid and muscimol. However, their biosynthetic pathway and the respective enzymes are entirely unknown. 50 years ago, the biosynthesis was hypothesized to start with 3‐hydroxyglutamate. Here, we build on this hypothesis by the identification and recombinant production of a glutamate hydroxylase from A. muscaria. The hydroxylase gene is surrounded by six further biosynthetic genes, which we link to the production of ibotenic acid and muscimol using recent genomic and transcriptomic data. Our results pinpoint the genetic basis for ibotenic acid formation and thus provide new insights into a decades‐old question concerning a centuries‐old drug.
Iridium(III) Catalysts with an Amide‐Pendant Cyclopentadienyl Ligand: Double Aromatic Homologation Reactions of Benzamides by Fourfold C−H Activation
Authors: Tomita Eiki , Yamada Kodai , Shibata Yu , Tanaka Ken , Kojima Masahiro , Yoshino Tatsuhiko , Matsunaga Shigeki
Published: March 2020

The synthesis, characterization, and catalytic performance of iridium(III) catalysts that bear an amide‐pendant cyclopentadienyl ligand ([CpAIrI2]2) is reported. These [CpAIrI2]2 catalysts were obtained from the complexation of a CpA ligand precursor with [Ir(cod)OAc]2 followed by oxidation. Double aromatic homologation reactions of benzamides with alkynes by fourfold C−H activation proceeded in good to high yield with these [CpAIrI2]2 catalysts, demonstrating their superior catalytic performance in this challenging transformation.
Hydrophobic Monomers Recognize Microenvironments in Hydrogel Microspheres during Free‐Radical‐Seeded Emulsion Polymerization
Authors: Watanabe Takumi , Nishizawa Yuichiro , Minato Haruka , Song Chihong , Murata Kazuyoshi , Suzuki Daisuke
Published: March 2020

The three‐dimensional structure of nanocomposite microgels was precisely determined by cryo‐electron micrography. Several nanocomposite microgels that differ with respect to their nanocomposite structure, which were obtained from seeded emulsion polymerization in the presence of microgels, were used as model nanocomposite materials for cryo‐electron micrography. The obtained three‐dimensional segmentation images of these nanocomposite microgels provide important insights into the interactions between the hydrophobic monomers and the microgels, that is, hydrophobic styrene monomers recognize molecular‐scale differences in polarity within the microgels during the emulsion polymerization. This result led to the formation of unprecedented multi‐layered nanocomposite microgels, which promise substantial potential in colloidal applications.