bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optical Coherence Tomography Guidance in Management of Complex Lesions Intervention
Authors: El-Harty Sameh Mohammed , Trani Carlo , El-Seteiha Mohamed El-Saied , Salama M. Mai , Badr Seham Fahmy , El-Masry Magdy Mohamed
Published: September 2022

Background: Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) can identify tissue characters depending on the polarisation properties of light, allowing detailed investigation of plaque form, content, and distribution. Calcification strongly correlates with advanced atherosclerosis, increased age, and comorbidities. The presence of calcified and hard lesions makes percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) difficult and frequently needs adjunctive procedures to get excellent stent outcomes. The purpose of this research was to assess the role of OCT, and how it affects the operator decision in management and optimizing of PCI for complex coronary lesions, including left main and non-left main bifurcation lesions, calcific lesions and in stent restenosis.

Methods: This prospective observational single center research was carried out on 60 patients underwent elective PCI for complex coronary lesions. Cases were classified into two groups based on the change in the operator opinion after performing OCT, either before or after stenting. Group I (n=19) patients with no change in operator decision based on OCT. Group II (n=41) patients with change in operator decision based on OCT. All patients were subjected to Clinical examination, Twelve leads surface electrocardiogram (ECG), Echocardiography, diagnostic coronary angiography.

Results: Among the 60 cases involved in the research, the decision of the operator was changes in 41 patients (68%). The change based on the pre-PCI assessment was found in 21 patients (51% of all changes). The changes were either change in the number of stents, the technique of the bifurcation intervention, or the need of atherectomy devices in calcific lesion for good lesion preparation. The change in the decision based on pots-PCI OCT only was found in 10 patients (41% of all changes). The main change of the procedure based on post-PCI OCT was mainly further post dilatation due to malapposition or significant tissue protrusion, or implantation of another stent for distal edge dissection.

Conclusion: OCT is a very helpful intravascular imaging for optimization of PCI for complex coronary lesion. It significantly changed the decision of the operator for the aim of optimal stent apposition and to reduce complications in complex lesions.
Artificial intelligence‐driven consensus gene signatures for improving bladder cancer clinical outcomes identified by multi‐center integration analysis
Authors: Xu Hui , Liu Zaoqu , Weng Siyuan , Dang Qin , Ge Xiaoyong , Zhang Yuyuan , Ren Yuqing , Xing Zhe , Chen Shuang , Zhou Yifang , Ren Jianzhuang , Han Xinwei
Published: September 2022

To accurately predict the prognosis and further improve the clinical outcomes of bladder cancer (BLCA), we leveraged large‐scale data to develop and validate a robust signature consisting of small gene sets. Ten machine‐learning algorithms were enrolled and subsequently transformed into 76 combinations, which were further performed on eight independent cohorts (n = 1218). We ultimately determined a consensus artificial intelligence‐derived gene signature (AIGS) with the best performance among 76 model types. In this model, patients with high AIGS showed a higher risk of mortality, recurrence, and disease progression. AIGS is not only independent of traditional clinical traits [(e.g., American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage)] and molecular features (e.g., TP53 mutation) but also demonstrated superior performance to these variables. Comparisons with 58 published signatures also indicated that AIGS possessed the best performance. Additionally, the combination of AIGS and AJCC stage could achieve better performance. Patients with low AIGS scores were sensitive to immunotherapy, whereas patients with high AIGS scores might benefit from seven potential therapeutics: BRD‐K45681478, 1S,3R‐RSL‐3, RITA, U‐0126, temsirolimus, MRS‐1220, and LY2784544. Additionally, some mutations (TP53 and RB1), copy number variations (7p11.2), and a methylation‐driven target were characterized by AIGS‐related multi‐omics alterations. Overall, AIGS provides an attractive platform to optimize decision‐making and surveillance protocol for individual BLCA patients.
Measurement of the temporal latency of a respiratory gating system using two distinct approaches
Authors: Stock Michael G. , Chu Connel , Fontenot Jonas D.
Published: September 2022

Purpose

To develop a methodology that can be used to measure the temporal latency of a respiratory gating system.

Methods

The gating system was composed of an automatic gating interface (Response) and an in‐house respiratory motion monitoring system featuring an optically tracked surface marker. Two approaches were used to measure gating latencies. A modular approach involved measuring separately the latency of the gating system's complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor tracking camera, tracking software, and a gating latency of the LINAC. Additionally, an end‐to‐end approach was used to measure the total latency of the gating system. End‐to‐end latencies were measured using the displacement of a radiographic target moving at known velocities during the gating process.

Results

Summing together the latencies of each of the modular components investigated yielded a total beam‐on latency of 1.55 s and a total beam‐off latency of 0.49 s. End‐to‐end beam‐on and beam‐off latency was found to be 1.49 and 0.34 s, respectively. In each case, no statistically significant differences were found between the end‐to‐end latency of the gating system and the summation of the individually measured components.

Conclusion

Two distinct approaches to quantify gating latencies were presented. Measuring the end‐to‐end latency of the gating system provided an independent means of validating the modular approach. It is expected that the beam‐on latencies reported in this work could be reduced by altering the control system configuration of the LINAC. The modular approach can be used to decouple the individual latencies of the gating system, but future improvements in the temporal resolution of the service graphing feature are needed to reduce the uncertainty of LINAC‐related gating latencies measured using this approach. Both approaches are generalizable and can be used together when designing a quality assurance program for a respiratory gating system.
Effects of PB‐TURSO on the transcriptional and metabolic landscape of sporadic ALS fibroblasts
Authors: Fels Jasmine A. , Dash Jalia , Leslie Kent , Manfredi Giovanni , Kawamata Hibiki
Published: September 2022

Objective

ALS is a rapidly progressive, fatal disorder caused by motor neuron degeneration, for which there is a great unmet therapeutic need. AMX0035, a combination of sodium phenylbutyrate (PB) and taurursodiol (TUDCA, TURSO), has shown promising results in early ALS clinical trials, but its mechanisms of action remain to be elucidated. Therefore, our goal was to obtain an unbiased landscape of the molecular effects of AMX0035 in ALS patient‐derived cells.

Methods

We investigated the transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles of primary skin fibroblasts from sporadic ALS patients and healthy controls (n = 12/group) treated with PB, TUDCA, or PB–TUDCA combination (Combo). Data were evaluated with multiple approaches including differential gene expression and metabolite abundance, Gene Ontology and metabolic pathway analysis, weighted gene co‐expression correlation analysis (WGCNA), and combined multiomics integrated analysis.

Results

Combo changed many more genes and metabolites than either PB or TUDCA individually. Most changes were unique to Combo and affected the expression of genes involved in nucleocytoplasmic transport, unfolded protein response, mitochondrial function, RNA metabolism, and innate immunity. WGCNA showed significant correlations between ALS gene expression modules and clinical parameters that were abolished by Combo treatment.

Interpretation

This study is the first to explore the molecular effects of Combo in ALS patient‐derived cells. It shows that Combo has a greater and distinct impact compared with the individual compounds and provides clues to drug targets and mechanisms of action, which may underlie the benefits of this investigational drug combination.
Exclusive: Volkow on how to prevent opioid overdoses
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: September 2022

Prevention is one of five already proven ways to diminish opioid overdoses (ODs), and it works for opioids the same way it works for addiction in general, Nora Volkow, M.D., director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse, (NIDA) told ADAW this month. There is primary prevention — preventing drug use from ever starting, in the substance use arena — and secondary prevention — preventing it from getting worse.
What should we tell patients about the privacy of Their SUD records?
Authors: Stauffer William
Published: September 2022

What do we tell clients about the privacy of their records? This is now harder to answer than ever before. There have been many changes to federal SUD privacy laws in recent years. We no longer can say with reliability that SUD records are private. In some instances, 42 CFR Part 2 (or simply Part II) records now only require initial consent. Information just flows out from there in compliance with the weaker HIPAA standard, which saw a 300% increase in data hacking or breaches (50 million Americans) in 2021. Providers are also largely unaware of their own liability when such breaches occur downstream from them as information flows out into the medical data river.
Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Selective Laser‐Melted Al–Ti–Ni Coating on 90/10 Copper–Nickel Alloy
Authors: Gao Yuhang , Chen Xiaohong , Lu Qingqing , Liu Yubo , Liu Ping , Jiang Tao , Fu Shaoli , Zhou Honglei , Miao Zhen , Chen Jieru , Ren Yupeng
Published: September 2022

Al–Ti–Ni composite coatings with different Ti contents (wt% = 20, 25, 30, 35) are prepared on the surface of 90/10 copper–nickel alloy using selective laser melting. The microstructure and phase composition of the coatings are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and energy‐dispersive spectrometry, and the corrosion resistance of the four coatings and the 90/10 copper–nickel alloy in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution is investigated. The coatings exhibit a good metallurgical bonding with the substrate, and passive films are formed on the surfaces of the coatings after 6 h of potentiostatic polarization. The coating with a Ti content of 30% has the most compact passive film and the best corrosion protection performance due to the minimal Ti2O3 content in the passive film, which greatly improves the stability of the passive film. The immersion corrosion mechanism of the coating is pitting corrosion. Electrochemical tests show that the corrosion current density of all four coatings is one order of magnitude lower than that of the substrate, and the coating with a Ti content of 30% has the lowest corrosion current density, indicating that this coating could significantly improve the corrosion resistance of the substrate.
A GFET Nitrile Sensor Using a Graphene‐Binding Fusion Protein
Authors: Mohamed Abubaker A. , Noguchi Hironaga , Tsukiiwa Mirano , Chen Chen , Heath Rachel S. , Mubarak M. Qadri E. , Komikawa Takumi , Tanaka Masayoshi , Okochi Mina , de Visser Sam P. , Hayamizu Yuhei , Blanford Christopher F.
Published: September 2022

A new route to single‐step and non‐covalent immobilization of proteins on graphene is exemplified with the first biosensor for nitriles based on a graphene field‐effect transistor (GFET). The biological recognition element is a fusion protein consisting of nitrile reductase QueF from Escherichia coli with an N‐terminal self‐assembling and graphene‐binding dodecapeptide. Atomic force microscopy and analysis using a quartz crystal microbalance show that both the oligopeptide and the fusion protein incorporating it form a single adlayer of monomeric enzyme on graphene. The fusion protein has a 6.3‐fold increase in binding affinity for benzyl cyanide (BnCN) versus wild‐type QueF and a 1.4‐fold increase for affinity for the enzyme's natural substrate preQ0. Density functional theory analysis of QueF's catalytic cycle with BnCN shows similar transition‐state barriers to preQ0, but differences in the formation of the initial thioimidate covalent bonding (∆G‡ = 19.0 kcal mol−1 for preQ0 vs 27.7 kcal mol−1 for BnCN) and final disassociation step (∆G = −24.3 kcal mol−1 for preQ0 vs ∆G = +4.6 kcal mol−1 for BnCN). Not only do these results offer a single‐step route to GFET modification, but they also present new opportunities in the biocatalytic synthesis of primary amines from nitriles.
Electrical Properties of the Base‐Substrate Junction in Freestanding Core‐Shell Nanowires
Authors: Koch Juliane , Liborius Lisa , Kleinschmidt Peter , Weimann Nils , Prost Werner , Hannappel Thomas
Published: September 2022

Well‐defined hetero‐interfaces with controlled properties are crucial for any high‐performance, semiconductor‐based, (opto‐)electronic device. They are particularly important for device structures on the nanoscale with increased interfacial areas. Utilizing a ultrahigh‐vacuum based multi‐tip scanning tunneling microscope, this work reveals inadvertent conductivity channels between the nanowire (NW) base and the substrate, when measuring individual vertical core‐shell III‐V‐semiconductor NWs. For that, four‐terminal probing is applied on freestanding, epitaxially grown coaxial p‐GaAs/i‐GaInP/n‐GaInP NWs without the need of nanoscale lithography or deposition of electrical contacts. This advanced analysis, carried out after composition‐selective wet chemical etching, reveals a substantially degraded electrical performance of the freestanding NWs compared to detached ones. In an electron beam induced current mode of the nanosensor, charge separation at the substrate‐to‐NW base junction is demonstrated. An energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopic linescan shows an unintended compositional change of the epitaxially grown NW toward the planar layers caused by different incorporation mechanisms of Ga and In at the NW base. This approach provides direct insight into the NW‐substrate transition area and leads to a model of the conductivity channels at the NW base, which should, in principle, be considered in the fabrication of all NW heterostructures grown bottom‐up on heterogeneous substrate materials.
An Ultrathin Transparent Radiative Cooling Photonic Structure with a High NIR Reflection
Authors: Dang Saichao , Wang Xiaojia , Ye Hong
Published: September 2022

With a high NIR reflection, a transparent radiative cooling photonic structure consisting of 2D silica gratings atop ZnO/Ag/ZnO is conceived and demonstrated. With 77% visible light transmitted, 57% NIR solar radiation reflected and 91% thermal infrared radiation emitted, a synthetical cooling is realized by this photonic structure. The theoretical total cooling power of this structure is more than double that of a planar silica and is 63.3% higher than that of a typical NIR reflecting filter, that is, ZnO/Ag/ZnO film. The field test facing the sunlight shows that the air temperature inside a chamber sealed with this structure is 12.5 and 2.5 °C lower than that sealed with planar silica and ZnO/Ag/ZnO, respectively. This work shows that the concept of daytime radiative cooling can be applied in combination with the utilization of visible light and the proposed ultrathin photonic structure shows potentials for passive radiative cooling of transparent applications.
Thickness‐Dependent High‐Temperature Piezo‐ and Ferro‐Electricity in a Fluorenone‐Based Molecular Crystal
Authors: Ivanov Maxim , Nikitin Timur , Lopes Susy , Duan Yulong , Xu Jialiang , Fausto Rui , Paixão José António , Vilarinho Paula Maria , Rasing Theo , Semin Sergey
Published: September 2022

Organic polar crystalline materials, featuring the merits of lightweight, flexibility, and low fabrication costs, are emerging as promising alternatives for inorganic ferroelectrics, but so far, they are not competitive. The main reasons are the moderate polar properties of such materials and the fact that the temperature of the phase transition from polar to nonpolar states (Curie point) is typically located near room temperature. The organic molecular crystal of the fluorenone derivative 2,7‐diphenyl‐9H‐fluorene‐9‐one (DPFO) is demonstrated to feature robust high‐temperature piezo‐ and ferro‐electric properties, with a relatively high local piezoelectric coefficient (d33) of ≈120 pm V−1. The origin of the strong piezoelectricity is attributed to the presence of intrinsic domain structures in the DPFO microfiber crystals, originating from intramolecular co‐operation between the central fluorenone backbone and the external phenyl rings that are found stable up to 423 K. Moreover, this intramolecular co‐operation and the corresponding polar properties are found to depend on the thickness of the DPFO microfiber, resulting in a change from ferroelectric (<0.5 µm) to piezoelectric (≥0.5 µm) behavior. Considering the low cost and flexible production of such fluorenone‐based organic lead‐free ferroelectrics, this is a very promising strategy toward technological applications in electromechanical actuators, sensors, energy harvesters, and non‐volatile memory cells.
Double‐Carbon‐Layer Coated Na4MnV(PO4)3 Towards High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Full Batteries
Authors: Ma Hongyang , Bai Jin , Wang Peiyao , Li Wanyun , Mao Yunjie , Xiao Ke , Zhu Xuebin , Zhao Bangchuan , Sun Yuping
Published: September 2022

As an improved structure of NASICON‐type Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode for sodium‐ion batteries, Na4MnV(PO4)3 (NMVP) has series advantages of low cost and weak biological toxicity through partial elemental substitution of manganese for vanadium. However, the low electronic conductivity and poor cycle stability of NMVP need to be solved for the purpose of practical application. Herein, the electronic conductivity and structural stability of NMVP material are enhanced through a double‐carbon‐layer coating strategy by a simple sol‐gel synthesis method. The coated double‐carbon layer can construct a conductive network and reduce the electrolytic corrosion for NMVP active material. Attributed to the robust structure and fast electrochemical kinetics, the decorated NMVP electrode exhibited an excellent sodium storage ability. It delivered a high capacity of 99.8 mAh g−1 at 1 C with a cumulative efficiency of 72.3% over 500 cycles, and the specific capacity can reach 81.3 mAh g−1 at a high rate of 10 C. The high cumulative efficiency of the half‐cell gives the NMVP full‐cell superior performance, which delivered a high capacity of 93.8 mAh g−1 with capacity retention of 86.1% over 100 cycles at 1 C when assembled with a hard carbon anode.
Phase Control of Cobalt Selenide: Unraveling the Relationship Between Phase Property and Hydrogen Evolution Catalysis
Authors: Zhou Zhou , Yang Yihan , Hu Lang , Zhou Ganghua , Xia Yu , Hu Qingsong , Yin Weiqin , Zhu Xingwang , Yi Jianjian , Wang Xiaozhi
Published: September 2022

The development of phase engineering still confronts challenges including controlled synthesis of desired phase structures and unraveling of inner mechanism for phase‐dependent applications. Herein, taking CoSe2 as a prototype, a facile wet‐chemical method is developed to synthesize metastable orthorhombic phase CoSe2 (o‐CoSe2). In the meantime, stable cubic phase CoSe2 (c‐CoSe2) can be prepared by phase transition from o‐CoSe2 using a general annealing approach. It is demonstrated that CoSe2 exhibits distinct phase‐dependent hydrogen evolution performance in photo‐ and electrocatalysis. In electrocatalytic reaction, o‐CoSe2 shows an overpotential of 300 mV better than c‐CoSe2 (365 mV) at –10 mA cm‐2 in acid solution. Unlike electrocatalysis, as cocatalyst in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, c‐CoSe2/TiO2 exhibits a roughly 4.5‐folds higher hydrogen evolution rate (12.001 µmol h‐1) than o‐CoSe2/TiO2 (2.601 µmol h‐1). Combined with comprehensive theoretical and experimental analysis, it has been proposed that appropriate hydrogen adsorption ability of o‐CoSe2 contributes to efficient electrocatalysis, whilst fast interfacial charge migration between TiO2 photo‐harvester and c‐CoSe2 cocatalyst is the dominating factor for photocatalysis. This article demonstrates the feasibility of improving catalytic activity of CoSe2 by phase engineering, and also, provides guidance into unmasking the relationship between phase structure and hydrogen evolution catalysis.
Wavelength and Stacking Order Dependent Exciton Dynamics in Bulk ReS2
Authors: Zhou Yongjian , Wang Yaguo
Published: September 2022

Exciton dynamics in ReS2 are rich and complicated due to its unique lattice and band structures. With femtosecond pump‐probe spectroscopy, the wavelength‐dependent exciton dynamics in bulk ReS2 are studied at room temperature, and the effects from polarization and stacking order are also considered. Signatures from both bright and dark excitons are observed, where the lifetime at bright exciton levels is only several picoseconds, while it is about tens of picoseconds at dark exciton levels. The extremely long up‐/down‐going trend at selective wavelengths is attributed to the transition between different dark exciton levels. Two types of coherent dynamics are observed when the laser wavelength is scanned through different exciton levels: coherent optical stark effect and exciton‐exciton coherent interaction, both occurring within the laser pulse width. Exciton dynamics show a similar trend for the sample with AA stacking order, regardless of polarization. For AB stacking, dark excitons for Exciton II and III are missing when probe pulse polarization is perpendicular to b‐axis, which is attributed to the polarization and stacking‐order dependent band structure. Studying the rich exciton dynamics in bulk ReS2 at room temperature not only has scientific significance, but also facilitates the development of high‐performance excitonic devices.
Facilely Fabricated Bright Lead‐Free Perovskite Cs3Cu2I5 Scintillator Film for High‐Definition X‐Ray Imaging
Authors: Guo Heng , Zhao Qingxian , Ran Peng , Chen Jinping , Zhu Yizhi , Jiang Qingsong , Tang Yuling , Zhang Zhenhua , Song Lei , Xu Chunxiang , Luo Shouhua , Shi Zengliang
Published: September 2022

Scintillator is a critical component to detect high‐energy particles or rays, which is widely used in deep space exploration, security inspection, and nondestructive testing and medical diagnosis, such as X‐ray imaging and computed tomography (CT). However, the wider application of traditional inorganic and organic scintillators is limited by the complex operation process or poor adaptability to changeable environment, and there remains a demand to develop green and stable scintillators with high sensitivity and low detection limit. Herein, the one‐step preparation of lead‐free perovskite Cs3Cu2I5 scintillator film for high‐definition X‐ray imaging by conventional chemical vapor deposition method is reported. Cs3Cu2I5 demonstrates good stability and bright‐blue emission at 445 nm and superhigh photoluminescence quantum yield (85.14%). Importantly, upon X‐ray irradiation, the Cs3Cu2I5 perovskite film exhibits light yield (≈39 251 photons MeV−1) as high as two times of the commercially available Ce:LuAG single‐crystal scintillator (≈22 000 photons MeV−1). Furthermore, the practical demonstration for a bamboo stick and insect specimens illustrates sensitive scintillation response to X‐ray signals with superior linearity and high‐quality images in X‐ray photography and CT. Overall, Cs3Cu2I5 film provides nontoxicity, high radioluminescence intensity, and good stability, it can be regarded as a competitive material for X‐ray imaging.
Light‐Regulated Anti‐Ambipolar Transport with Multi‐Logic States in Metal‐WSe2‐Metal Transistor
Authors: Wang Hanyu , Gao Wei , Wen Peiting , Yu He , Huang Ying , Yue Qian , Wang Xiaozhou , Huo Nengjie
Published: September 2022

With the advent of big data, multi‐valued logic computing becomes an indispensable technology in the field of new micro‐electronic devices. As a new concept attracting more attention in recent years, anti‐ambipolar behavior shows its application potential in digital electronic and logic circuits. Here, the anti‐ambipolar transistors (AATs) based on metal–WSe2–metal configuration with dual contact barriers is fabricated. Under light illumination, the photocurrent as function of gate voltage exhibits anti‐ambipolar behavior with a distinct peak which can be varied with incident light power. The appearance of anti‐ambipolar transport is attributed to both contact barrier and photo‐excited carriers. The variation of the Fermi level in WSe2 regulated by gate voltage plays a key role in altering the dominant transport mechanism of the carrier type. This work proposes a new device concept that the photocarrier and barrier can induce an anti‐ambipolar characteristic, guiding the new direction for the multi‐valued logic/digital electronic applications.
Properties of Strange Quark Matter in the Context of Diquark Correlation
Authors: Bhattacharya Aparajita , Pal Shukla , Dhara Papiya , Bhattacharya Deb Sankar
Published: September 2022

Properties of strange quark matter (SQM) have been studied as diquark matter with diquark correlation. The dense SQM is under strong magnetic field due to electroweak interaction of quarks. Here it is suggested that u, d, s quarks get correlated to form diquark matter of different flavors. The diquarks are suggested to behave like quasiparticles under the influence of strong magnetic field inside the dense quark matter. In the current work diquarks are described as the composite fermions which behave like quasiparticle under the strong magneticfield in an analogy with the electrons behaving in strong magnetic field. The thermodynamic potential for SQM has been estimated and behavior is studied with respect to chemical potential. The equation of state and the velocity of sound through SQM are also studied. Some interesting observations are made. It is suggested that the composite fermion picture of diquark correlation lowers the binding energy of the system making the SQM a more stable state.
Oxidative Radical NHC Catalysis: Divergent Difunctionalization of Olefins through Intermolecular Hydrogen Atom Transfer
Authors: Li Qing‐Zhu , Liu Yan‐Qing , Kou Xin‐Xin , Zou Wen‐Lin , Qi Ting , Xiang Peng , Xing Jin‐Dun , Zhang Xiang , Li Jun‐Long
Published: September 2022

Oxidative N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) organocatalysis, typically leading to the formation of acyl azolium reactive intermediates, constitutes one of the most important activation strategies for the NHC‐catalyzed chemical transformations. Here, we report an unprecedented oxidative radical NHC catalysis by using peroxyester as the external single‐electron oxidant to realize divergent difunctionalization of olefins. The key to success of this chemistry is the catalytic generation of oxygen radicals that could trigger an intermolecular hydrogen atom transfer to activate the inert C−H bonds, thereby enabling the productive radical relay process. With this protocol, commonly used general chemicals could serve as radical precursors to allow efficient synthesis of value‐added products in a straightforward and cost‐effective manner. Preliminary mechanistic investigations, including control experiments and DFT calculations, shed light on the NHC organocatalytic radical reaction mechanism.
Unraveling the Complex Chirality Evolution in DNA‐Assembled High‐Order, Hybrid Chiroplasmonic Superstructures from Multi‐Scale Chirality Mechanisms
Authors: Yuan Yongqing , Li Huacheng , Yang Hao , Han Cong , Hu Huatian , Govorov Alexander O. , Yan Hao , Lan Xiang
Published: September 2022

Hierarchical, chiral hybrid superstructures of chromophores and nanoparticles are expected to give rise to intriguing unveiled chiroptical responses originating from the complex chiral interactions among the components. Herein, DNA origami cavity that could self‐assemble into one‐dimensional (1D) DNA tubes was employed as a scaffold to accurately organize metal nanoparticles and chromophores. The chiral interactions were studied at the level of individual hybrid particles and their 1D hybrid superstructures. Complex chirality mechanisms involving global structural chirality, plasmon‐induced circular dichroism (PICD) and exciton‐coupled circular dichroism (ECCD) were disentangled. The multiplexed CD spectrum superposition revealed the chirality evolution at different length scales. These results can offer a model for boosting the theoretical understanding of classical‐quantum hybrid systems, and would inspire the future design of optically‐active substances across length scales.
Infiltration of aluminum in 3D‐printed metallic inserts
Authors: Nunes Helder , Emadinia Omid , Costa José , Madureira Rui , Soares Rui , Silva José , Frada Inês , Anjos Vitor , Viana Filomena , Vieira Manuel , Reis Ana
Published: September 2022

Aluminum structural composites through the infiltration process can be performed by vacuum, centrifugal, or squeeze casting, involving the infiltration of molten Al into fibers, particles, foams, or even porous preforms. This methodology creates hybrid structures of two distinct metal alloys that can be used to locally strengthen components or even to improve the properties of bulk materials, such as ultimate tensile strength and thermal conductivity. New approaches involve the infiltration of liquid Al into a three‐dimensional (3D)‐printed structure of the more rigid metal, such as steel, that the Al matrix. In the current study, stainless steel and copper inserts were produced by fused filament fabrication techniques with various geometries. Moreover, some 3D inserts were electrochemically coated with pure copper to enhance the wettability of the steel insert by Al. Then, the infiltration of these inserts was evaluated by gravity casting, centrifugal casting, and low‐pressure sand casting (LPSC). Evaluations involved microstructural characterization using optical microscopy and SEM for interface analysis. It is revealed that centrifugal casting is highly reliable to infiltrate the inserts with Al, filling detailed cavities in depth. The copper coating aided in the creation of intimate interfaces. The infiltration at the insert's surfaces, curved‐like topography, is obtained through LPSC though it is affected by the direction in respect of material flow.
Establishment and validation of a LC–MS/MS method for the determination of anlotinib in human plasma: Application to therapeutic drug monitoring
Authors: Yu Mingjie , Liang Zaiming , Xiong Lirong , Liu Fang , Cheng Lin , Jia Changsheng , Qi Xiaowei , Sun Fengjun
Published: September 2022

Anlotinib is a novel small molecule multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor for the treatment of several cancers. We developed and validated a highly sensitive, rapid and stable high‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometrymethod for the determination of anlotinib in human plasma with anlotinib‐d5 as a stable isotopically labeled internal standard (SIL‐IS). To explore the feasibility of therapeutic drug monitoring in the treatment of tumors with anlotinib, human plasma samples were prepared by protein precipitation. The mobile phases comprised of (A) 5.0 mm NH4AC aqueous solution containing 0.1% formic acid and (B) 100% methanol containing 0.1% formic acid. A gradient mobile phase system was adopted for chromatographic separation using a BEH C18 (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) column. A positive ion pattern was chosen for quantification under multiple reaction monitoring mode. The ion pairs were detected at m/z 408.2 → 339.1 and m/z 413.4 → 344.3 for anlotinib and anlotinib‐d5 (SIL‐IS), respectively. The total run time was 5.0 min. The calibration curve was found to be linear within a plasma concentration range of 2–400 ng·ml−1. The precision and accuracy, matrix effect, extraction recovery and stability were all validated and met the requirements of international guidelines. The proposed methods were successfully applied to support therapeutic drug monitoring in breast and thyroid cancer patients receiving anlotinib for therapy. Clinical data showed that in the 12 mg dose group, the mean plasma concentrations of anlotinib in breast cancer patients and thyroid cancer patients were 87.1 and 118.8 ng·ml−1, respectively. The data demonstrate that the peak concentration of anlotinib may be related to the different tumor types in patients.
Perceptions of stalking in Mainland China: Behaviors, motives, and effective coping strategies
Authors: Chan Heng Choon (Oliver)
Published: September 2022

There is limited information available on the phenomenon of stalking in the Asian context, especially in mainland China. This study investigated individuals' perceptions of stalking behavior, the motives of stalkers, and the effective strategies for coping with stalking victimization in a sample of 985 young adults (aged 18–33 years) from Liaoning province in mainland China. The influence of specific demographic (i.e., age, sex, religiosity, and education) and psychosocial (i.e., social bonds and self‐control) characteristics on individuals' perceptions of effective coping strategies for stalking victimization were also examined. In general, men and women held significantly different perceptions of stalking behavior, stalkers' motives, and strategies that were considered effective for coping with stalking. Multivariate analyses indicated that a low educational level was significantly associated with the perception that avoidant tactics constituted an effective strategy for coping with stalking victimization. Moreover, individuals with lower educational levels and stronger social bonds tended to perceive proactive and aggressive tactics to constitute an effective strategy for coping with stalking victimization. Finally, individuals with lower self‐control tended to endorse compliance tactics when coping with stalking victimization. In view of the devastating nature and consequences of stalking, the findings of this study highlight the need for anti‐stalking legislation in mainland China.
Treatment outcomes of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in real‐life practice: Chemotherapy versus multikinase inhibitors
Authors: Oranratnachai Songporn , Rattanasiri Sasivimol , Sirachainan Ekaphop , Tansawet Amarit , Raunroadroong Nilubol , McKay Gareth J. , Attia John , Thakkinstian Ammarin
Published: September 2022

Background

Multikinase inhibitors (MKIs) represent the main treatment options for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (aHCC). However, accessibility in developing countries is limited. A chemotherapy, Fluorouracil and Oxaliplatin (FOLFOX), offers a less expensive treatment. Therefore, this study sought to compare the clinical effectiveness of FOLFOX with Sorafenib as a first‐line treatment for aHCC in real‐life practice.

Methods

A retrospective aHCC cohort from four Thai hospitals was investigated for patients who received FOLFOX or Sorafenib between 2013–2019. Multiple imputation by chained equations addressed missing covariate data in a treatment effect model using Weight‐adjusted‐censoring inverse‐probability‐weighted regression adjustment; overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) were estimated.

Results

A total of 504 patients were included, (Sorafenib [n = 382] and FOLFOX [n = 122]). The treatment effect model estimated a median OS for Sorafenib and FOLFOX of 11.38 and 8.22 months, representing a significantly shorter OS (95% confidence interval) of −3.16 (−6.21, −0.11) months for FOLFOX, p = 0.042. A significant shorter median PFS of FOLFOX to Sorafenib of −2.13 (−3.03, −1.24) months, p < 0.001, was reported.

Conclusion

Despite significantly shorter median OS and PFS than Sorafenib, FOLFOX still extended OS by 8.22 months. This evidence may offer clinical utility to physicians considering treatment options for aHCC in low resource settings.
Peritumor tertiary lymphoid structures are associated with infiltrating neutrophils and inferior prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Tianchen , Lei Xinjun , Jia Weili , Li Jianhui , Nie Ye , Mao Zhenzhen , Wang Yanfang , Tao Kaishan , Song Wenjie
Published: September 2022

Background

The positive prediction of prognosis and immunotherapy within tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) in cancerous tissue has been well demonstrated, including liver cancer. However, the relationship between TLS and prognosis in the peritumoral region of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has received less attention. Few studies on whether TLS, as a typical representative of acquired immune cell groups, is associated with innate immune cells. The aim of this paper was to identify the prognostic role of peritumor TLS in HCC and to simply explore the relationship with neutrophils infiltration.

Methods

This study included cancerous and paracancerous tissue from 170 patients after surgical resection of HCC. TLS was examined and identified by pathological H&E examination, and the impact on prognosis was further classified by determination of total TLS area. Immunohistochemical staining of CD15+ neutrophils was also performed on half of the cases. The obtained results were validated by external public database, as TLS has been widely shown to be tagged with 12 chemokines.

Results

In peritumoral tissue, the TLS− group had better overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) outcomes compared with the TLS+ group. On the contrary, the intratumor TLS+ group showed better DFS outcomes. When further investigating the relationship between TLS area distribution and DFS, progressively worse prognosis was only found in the peritumor region with increasing TLS density (TLS− vs. TLSL vs. TLSH). In addition, neutrophil infiltration increased in parallel with TLS density in the peritumoral region, which was not observed in the intratumoral region.

Conclusions

TLS might have a dual prognostic role in different regions of HCC. The abundance of peritumoral TLS is an independent influence of DFS. The inconsistent correlation between neutrophils and corresponding TLS in different regions may indicate different pathways of immune aggregation and may serve as an explanation for the different prognosis of TLS, which needs to be specifically explored.
Organizational identification as a trigger for personal well‐being: Associations with happiness and stress through job outcomes
Authors: De Giorgio Andrea , Barattucci Massimiliano , Teresi Manuel , Raulli Giovanni , Ballone Chiara , Ramaci Tiziana , Pagliaro Stefano
Published: September 2022

Recent literature highlights that well‐being, happiness, as well as personal stress, has become important for guiding public policy in areas that might involve suboptimal behaviour. Positive life outcomes can extend from one field of life (family, work, sport, children, hobbies, etc.) to another, multiplying success, performance, and health. In the present study, we aimed to verify whether the positive relation between organizational identification and employees' experiences then extends also into a positive association with more general well‐being that is unrelated to the work context. For this purpose, we considered two proxies of organizational well‐being: job satisfaction (on the positive side) and turnover intention (on the negative side) as well as the distal associations with happiness. The study involved 305 workers who completed a questionnaire made up of five scales: organization identification, job satisfaction, turnover intention, happiness, and personal stress. We found that organizational identification is positively related to employees' job satisfaction and negatively related to their intention to leave. Afterwards, job satisfaction and turnover intention were related to personal stress and happiness, suggesting a positive effect of organizational identification above and beyond the work context.
Anti‐Neuroinflammatory Activity of New Naturally Occurring Benzylated Hydroxyacetophenone Analogs from the Endophytic Fungus Alternaria sp. J030
Authors: Jia Shujie , Li Juan , Li Jia , Su Xiangdong , Li Xiao‐Nian , Yao Yao , Xue Yongbo
Published: September 2022

Chemical studies on the culture broth of the endophytic fungus Alternaria sp. J030 led to the identification of three benzylated hydroxyacetophenone derivatives, bauvaroalterins A–C (1–3), and 34 structurally diverse metabolites (4–37). The new structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses including UV, IR, 1D and 2D NMR, HR‐ESI‐MS, and further confirmed using single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The in vitro anti‐neuroinflammatory effects of the co‐isolated metabolites were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated microglial cells. Compounds 1–3 were shown to significantly reduce LPS‐induced NO production by inhibiting the expression of iNOS, as well as inhibiting LPS‐induced production of the inflammatory factors TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6. Further studies revealed that 1–3 were capable of down‐regulating the expression of NF‐κB subunits p50 and p65, thereby suppressing the activation of NF‐κB by inhibiting the LPS‐induced phosphorylation of IκB‐α. Together these findings demonstrate that bauvaroalterins A−C (1–3) exert anti‐neuroinflammatory effects via inhibition of the NF‐κB/iNOS signalling pathway in LPS induced BV‐2 cells.
Left ventricular outflow tract calcification: Does the geometry matter?
Authors: Ueyama Hiroki , Block Peter C.
Published: September 2022

Key Points

The CoreValve Evolut PRO/PRO + adapt to left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) calcification by eccentric deformation at the level of the inflow while preserving circularity at the waist, leaflet tips, and outflow.

The CoreValve Evolut PRO/PRO + maintain their favorable hemodynamics and sealing in the short term despite the presence of LVOT calcification.

The effect of eccentric inflow deformation in the long term and geometric comparison of self‐expanding valves and balloon‐expandable valves require further investigation.
When not to treat could be the best option
Authors: Musumeci Giuseppe , Civera Stefania
Published: September 2022

Treatment strategy of people who experienced an Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest without a ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction is still a matter of debate. Recent randomized trials and a meta‐analysis comparing early. Against delayed coronary angiography in these patients did not find any improvement in short‐term survival with the immediate approach strategy. Further studies are ongoing, whose results will help clarify the correct management of these OHCA‐non STEMI patients.
Should doctors replace machines in prehospital electrocardiogram interpretation?
Authors: Seto Arnold H. , Long Vincent J.
Published: September 2022

Key Points

Prehospital cath lab activation for STEMI reduces total ischemic time but at the cost of frequent false‐positive activations.

In this study, half of the prehospital STEMI ECGs did not result in cath lab activation after cardiologist review, and that this decision was correct 96‐97% of the time.

Health care will benefit from automation in some contexts but primarily when integrated with human decision making.
A man with panda eyes after a fall
Authors: Mahdi Dana , Yosief Lydia Salem , Butt Umar , Cassidy Aaron , Luckiewicz Andrzej , Malik Adnan Ather , Malik Amman , Jain Neel , Ali M. Adam
Published: September 2022

Most commonly caused by trauma, basal skull fractures present with a range of clinical signs. These include periorbital ecchymosis, as seen in this case, as well as rhinorrhea, otorrhoea and post‐mastoid ecchymosis. Suspected cases must be managed with appropriate imaging and medical or surgical treatment as indicated.
Engineering the Electronic Structure of Active Centers in Metalloporphyrins to Boost Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity
Authors: Zhou Yue , Li Zhongqiu , Xia Xinghua
Published: September 2022

Inspired by the ligand‐promoted high reactivity of the heme active center in cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), this work proposes a new strategy for improving the efficiency of metalloporphyrin‐catalyzed ORR. We carried out a comparative study between two graphene/cobalt porphyrin complexes, the rGO/TMPPCo formed by noncovalent π‐π stacking, and the rGO‐Ci/TMPPCo with cobalt porphyrins (TMPPCo) axially coordinated with the 1‐carboimidazole (Ci) ligands on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) surface. The involvement of the axial ligand was found to greatly reduce the ORR overpotential by 120 mV in acidic medium, while hydrodynamic tests revealed an unaltered reaction mechanism. This positive effect of axial ligand has been rationalized by both electronic “push effect” and steric “trans effect”. The results of this work highlight the importance of a rationally engineered electronic structure of active sites in heterogeneous catalysis, providing insights for the fabrication of highly‐efficient ORR electrocatalysts.
Mouse Models for Cytomegalovirus Infections in Newborns and Adults
Authors: Brizić Ilija , Lisnić Berislav , Krstanović Fran , Brune Wolfram , Hengel Hartmut , Jonjić Stipan
Published: September 2022

This article describes procedures for infecting adult mice with murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) and for infecting newborn mice to model congenital CMV infection. Methods are included for propagating MCMV in cell cultures and preparing a more virulent form of MCMV from the salivary glands of infected mice. A plaque assay is provided for determining MCMV titers of infected tissues or virus stocks. Also, methods are described for preparing the murine embryonic fibroblasts used for propagating MCMV, and for the plaque assay. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
A Patient‐to‐Model‐to‐Patient (PMP) Cancer Drug Discovery Protocol for Identifying and Validating Therapeutic Agents Targeting Tumor Regulatory Architecture
Authors: Laise Pasquale , Bosker Gideon , Califano Andrea , Alvarez Mariano J.
Published: September 2022

The current Achilles heel of cancer drug discovery is the inability to forge precise and predictive connections among mechanistic drivers of the cancer cell state, therapeutically significant molecular targets, effective drugs, and responsive patient subgroups. Although advances in molecular biology have helped identify molecular markers and stratify patients into molecular subtypes, these associational strategies typically fail to provide a mechanistic rationale to identify cancer vulnerabilities. Recently, integrative systems biology methodologies have been used to reverse engineer cellular networks and identify master regulators (MRs), proteins whose activity is both necessary and sufficient to implement phenotypic states under physiological and pathological conditions, which are organized into highly interconnected regulatory modules called tumor checkpoints. Because of their functional relevance, MRs represent ideal pharmacological targets and biomarkers. Here, we present a six‐step patient‐to‐model‐to‐patient protocol that employs computational and experimental methodologies to reconstruct and interrogate the regulatory logic of human cancer cells for identifying and therapeutically targeting the tumor checkpoint with novel as well as existing pharmacological agents. This protocol systematically identifies, from specific patient tumor samples, the MRs that comprise the tumor checkpoint. Then, it identifies in vitro and in vivo models that, by recapitulating the patient's tumor checkpoint, constitute the appropriate cell lines and xenografts to further elucidate the tissue context–specific drug mechanism of action (MOA) and permit precise, biomarker‐based preclinical validations of drug efficacy. The combination of determination of a drug's context‐specific MOA and precise identification of patients’ tumor checkpoints provides a personalized, mechanism‐based biomarker to enrich prospective clinical trials with patients likely to respond. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.