bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An aerodynamic model for flapping-wing flight
Authors: DeLaurier J. D.
Published: March 2023

A design-oriented model for the unsteady aerodynamics of a flapping wing has been developed using a modified strip theory approach. Within this constraint, vortex-wake effects are accounted for as well as partial leading edge suction and post stall behaviour. Also, the contributions of sectional mean angle of attack, camber, and friction drag are added, which allows this model to be used for the calculation of the average lift, as well as the thrust, power required, and propulsive efficiency of a flapping wing in equilibrium flight. An example of such calculations is presented in the performance prediction of a mechanical flying pterosaur replica.
Further study of high speed single free jets
Authors: Moustafa G. H.
Published: March 2023

Experiments to study the behaviour of a compressible free jet issuing from an axisymmetric convergent nozzle are reported. Detailed measurements of the mean flow field for subsonic, sonic and underexpanded sonic jets was made within the pressure ratio range of 1.13 to 4. The results show that the spread and decay rates of the jet vary significantly with pressure ratio. The results further indicate the radial velocity/total pressure collapse within the two-dimensional shear layer data. The underexpanded jet propagates to a greater distance downstream than the low speed jets; this leads to enhancement of the far field mixing.
Ḥamza versus Rustam: Comparing theḤamzanāmawith theShāhnāma
Authors: Yamamoto Kumiko
Published: March 2023

This paper compares theḤamzanāma(Book of Ḥamza) with theShāhnāma(Book of Kings), the two most popular works performed by the storytellers of Safavid Iran (1501–1736), focusing on their heroes, Ḥamza and Rustam, respectively. Following an overview of theḤamzanāmathat helps to identify its main intertexts, themes, and narrative elements: theShāhnāma; the Islamic Alexander tradition; andʿayyārī(trickery); the paper re-examines how Ḥamza is modelled after Rustam by looking at his epithets and narrative functions. It then turns to their differences, which are most discernible in Rustam's epithet used as the name of Ḥamza's enemy, the split between the ideals ofjawānmardī(generosity) andʿayyārī, and Ḥamza's unheroic weaknesses. This latter serves to emphasize God's compassion at his martyrdom while giving storytellers an impetus to continue their performances.
The longitudinal associations between bullying perpetration, bullying victimization, and internalizing symptoms: Bidirectionality and mediation by friend support
Authors: Siennick Sonja E. , Turanovic Jillian J.
Published: March 2023

Internalizing symptoms have been linked to bullying perpetration and victimization in adolescence. However, the directions of any causal relationships remain unclear, and limited research has identified the mechanisms that explain the associations. Given the salience of peer relationships during the teenage years, we examine whether perceived support from friends is one such mechanism. By using a transactional framework and four waves of longitudinal panel data on over 900 youth, we test both cross-lagged and indirect associations between bullying perpetration, bullying victimization, internalizing symptoms, and perceived friend support. Our method represents one of the most rigorous tests to date of the mutual influences among these factors. The results show that internalizing symptoms and perceived friend support were reciprocally linked to bullying victimization, but perceived support did not predict internalizing symptoms, and bullying perpetration neither preceded nor followed perceived support or internalizing symptoms. There were no significant indirect paths between bullying involvement and internalizing symptoms through perceived friend support. The results provide only partial support for a transactional model in which bullying victimization, support, and internalizing symptoms are reciprocally related. The implications of these findings for theory, future research, and practice are discussed.
Piloting a Layperson Prehospital Care System in Rural Uganda
Authors: Brown Heather A. , Stratton Amanda J. , Gill Joseph , Robinson Spencer F. , Tumisiime Vincent , Brady Caroline
Published: March 2023

Introduction:

In many low-income countries, basic prehospital Emergency Medical Services (EMS) remain under-developed, resulting in significant delays or the complete inability to access care.

Study Objective:

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of a layperson EMS training targeting motorcycle taxi (boda) drivers in a rural region of Uganda.

Methods:

Fifty (50) adult boda drivers from Masindi, Uganda were selected for a one-day training course including lectures and simulation. Course content covered basic prehospital skills and transport. Participants were given a first responder kit at completion of the course. Understanding of material was assessed prior to training, immediately after course completion, and four months from the initial course using the same ten question test. Test means were analyzed using a standard linear regression model. At the four-month follow up, all 50 boda drivers participated in semi-structured small group qualitative interviews regarding their perception of the course and experiences implementing course skills in the community. Boda drivers were asked to complete a brief form on each patient transported during the study period. For patients transported to Masindi Kitara Medical Center (MKMC), hospital trauma registry data were analyzed.

Results:

Trainees showed both knowledge acquisition and retention with pre-test scores of 21.8% improving to 48.0% at course completion and 57.7% at the four-month follow up. Overall, participant’s scores increased by an average of 35% from the pre-test to the second post-test (P <.001). A total of 69 patient forms were completed on transported patients over the initial four-month period. Ninety-five percent (95%) of these were injured patients, and motorcycle crash was the predominant mechanism of injury (48% of injuries). Eight patients were transported to MKMC, but none of these patients were recorded in the hospital trauma registry. Major barriers identified through semi-structured interviews included harassment by police, poor road conditions, and lack of basic resources for transport. Ninety-four percent (94%) of trainees strongly agreed that the training was useful. Total costs were estimated at $3,489 USD, or $69 per trainee.

Conclusion:

Motorcycle taxi drivers can be trained to provide basic prehospital care in a short time and at a low cost. While there is much enthusiasm for additional training and skill acquisition from this cohort, the sustainability and scalability of such programs is still in question.
Who is donating to political parties in Queensland, Australia? An analysis of political donations from the food industry
Authors: Russell Cherie , Hussain Nurul Amanina Binte , Sievert Katherine , Cullerton Katherine
Published: March 2023

Objective:

Australia’s dominant food system encourages the overconsumption of foods detrimental for human and planetary health. Despite this, Australia has limited policies to reduce the burden of disease and protect the environment. Political donations from the food industry may contribute to policy inertia on this issue. We aimed to explore the extent of political donations made by the food industry in Queensland and investigate the timing of public health nutrition policies in relation to these donations.

Design:

We collected publicly declared political donations data in Queensland, Australia, as it has the most transparent donation records. Policy data were sourced from the Australian National and Queensland State Parliaments, and consultations from the Australian and New Zealand Ministerial Forum on Food Regulation.

Setting:

Queensland, Australia.

Participants:

Not applicable.

Results:

The Liberal National Party (LNP) received 68 % of all donations, with most immediately preceding the 2017 and 2020 state elections. The Australian Labor Party, despite forming government for the time period under study, received only 17 % of total donations. Most donations were given by the meat industry, followed by the sugar industry. Few policies exist to protect and improve human and planetary health, with limited associations with political donations for most industries except sugar.

Conclusions:

Industry preference for the LNP, particularly as most donations coincided with election periods, may be due to the party’s emphasis on minimal state involvement in economic and social affairs. The relationship between industry donations and policies is not clear, partly due to the limited number of policies implemented overall.
Paraffin gauze bolus as tissue compensator in photon irradiation for mycosis fungoides – regarding a case study
Authors: Pires André M. , Borges Fátima , Dias Anabela G. , Joana Lencart , Matos Marisa , Gonçalves Joana
Published: March 2023

Introduction:

Total skin electron beam therapy is a treatment option in patients with mycosis fungoides (MF) affecting a significant amount of the body surface. For patients with involvement of soles and interdigital folds, however, this approach is ineffective, requiring alternatives such as localised radiotherapy (RT). Although electron beams are well suited for superficial lesions, on irregular surfaces it provides inadequate tumour coverage and excess dose variance, requiring photon irradiation with tissue compensation.

Methods:

We present the case of a patient with extensive cutaneous MF with skin lesions spread over both lower limbs and treated on these affected areas with photon beam RT. Long sheets of paraffin gauze dressings were used to create a 0·5-cm-thick bolus. The patient received a single fraction of 8 Gy. In vivo dosimetry using Gafchromic films was performed.

Results:

After 3 months, a complete response was achieved. In this case, paraffin gauze bolus proved to be an inexpensive, convenient, effective and flexible method for irregular superficial cancer irradiations.

Conclusion:

Paraffin gauze bolus is a suitable option for irregular contours.
Back‐Arc Tectonics and Plate Reconstruction of the Philippine Sea‐South China Sea Region Since the Eocene
Authors: Liu Jinping , Li Sanzhong , Cao Xianzhi , Dong Hao , Suo Yanhui , Jiang Zhaoxia , Zhou Jie , Li Xiyao , Zhang Ruixin , Liu Lijun , Foulger Gillian Rose
Published: March 2023

Insight into the evolution of Philippine Sea‐South China Sea (SCS) plate motions helps reveal the driving mechanisms of the long‐term tectonic complexity in Southeast Asia. Here, based on the integration of the most recent geological and seismic data, we present a new plate reconstruction model for this region characterized by back‐arc extension and subduction since the Eocene. We suggest that the western boundary of the Philippine Sea Plate was a constant sinistral strike‐slip fault at 55–22 Ma with a clockwise self‐rotation. The connection between the SCS and Shikoku Ridges possibly initiates at 30 Ma, when their spreading times overlapped indicating an affinitive origin and magma source. Regional‐scale geodynamic simulations interfaced with our reconstructed plate motion indicate that the seismic high‐velocity body under the SCS is likely to be the leading edge of the Pacific Slab.
Etiology of genetic muscle disorders induced by mutations in fast and slow skeletal MyBP-C paralogs
Authors: Song Taejeong , Landim-Vieira Maicon , Ozdemir Mustafa , Gott Caroline , Kanisicak Onur , Pinto Jose Renato , Sadayappan Sakthivel
Published: March 2023

Skeletal muscle, a highly complex muscle type in the eukaryotic system, is characterized by different muscle subtypes and functions associated with specific myosin isoforms. As a result, skeletal muscle is the target of numerous diseases, including distal arthrogryposes (DAs). Clinically, DAs are a distinct disorder characterized by variation in the presence of contractures in two or more distal limb joints without neurological issues. DAs are inherited, and up to 40% of patients with this condition have mutations in genes that encode sarcomeric protein, including myosin heavy chains, troponins, and tropomyosin, as well as myosin binding protein-C (MYBPC). Our research group and others are actively studying the specific role of MYBPC in skeletal muscles. The MYBPC family of proteins plays a critical role in the contraction of striated muscles. More specifically, three paralogs of the MYBPC gene exist, and these are named after their predominant expression in slow-skeletal, fast-skeletal, and cardiac muscle as sMyBP-C, fMyBP-C, and cMyBP-C, respectively, and encoded by the MYBPC1, MYBPC2, and MYBPC3 genes, respectively. Although the physiology of various types of skeletal muscle diseases is well defined, the molecular mechanism underlying the pathological regulation of DAs remains to be elucidated. In this review article, we aim to highlight recent discoveries involving the role of skeletal muscle-specific sMyBP-C and fMyBP-C as well as their expression profile, localization in the sarcomere, and potential role(s) in regulating muscle contractility. Thus, this review provides an overall summary of MYBPC skeletal paralogs, their potential roles in skeletal muscle function, and future research directions.
Honokiol suppresses the aberrant interactions between renal resident macrophages and tubular epithelial cells in lupus nephritis through the NLRP3/IL-33/ST2 axis
Authors: Ma Qing , Xu Mengyang , Jing Xin , Qiu Jiang , Huang Shuo , Yan Honghao , Yin Lu , Lou Jiang , Zhao Lisha , Fan Yongsheng , Qiu Ping
Published: March 2023

Lupus nephritis (LN) is a type of immune-complex nephritis caused by systemic lupus erythematosus and is a major contributor to mortality and morbidity. Honokiol (HNK) has been found to have a therapeutic effect on LN, but its action mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we first demonstrated that HNK attenuates kidney injury in MRL/lpr mice. Results from RNA sequencing combined with ingenuity pathway analysis suggested that HNK plays an anti-LN role through inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome and IL33. GEO chip data, single-cell data, and clinical samples from LN patients demonstrated that the pyroptosis and IL-33/ST2 pathways are abnormally activated during the stage of LN. In vivo, similar to the results of the AAV-mediated NLRP3 shRNA MRL/lpr model, HNK downregulated serum and renal IL-33 levels, and suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome and the IL-33/ST2 axis in the kidney. In vitro, co-culturing NLRP3-overexpressing or IL-33 knocked-down rat renal macrophages with NRK-52E cells confirmed that NLRP3 activation in resident macrophages directly upregulates IL-33, which in turn mediates the IL-33/ST2/NF-κB pathway to promote the inflammatory response of renal tubular epithelial cells. Furthermore, a molecular docking model and surface plasmon resonance analysis were utilized to demonstrate a direct interaction between HNK and NLRP3. In conclusion, this study provides a novel anti-LN treatment strategy in which HNK plays a preventive and therapeutic role against LN by suppressing the abnormal crosstalk between renal resident macrophages and renal tubular epithelial cells by inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3/IL-33/ST2 axis.
Complications and outcomes following injection of foreign material into the male external genitalia for augmentation: a single-centre experience and systematic review
Authors: Pang Karl H. , Randhawa Karen , Tang Stanley , Fallara Giuseppe , Katelaris Athos , Castiglione Fabio , Ahmed Kamran , Blecher Gideon , Christopher Nim , Ralph David J. , Muneer Asif , Alnajjar Hussain M.
Published: March 2023

Injection of exogenous material into the penis and scrotum has been performed for augmentation purposes. Complications include cosmetic dissatisfaction, penile necrosis and lymphoedema. We report the complications and outcomes from a single centre with an updated systematic review of the literature. A retrospective review of all cases presenting with foreign substance injection into the genitalia, over a 10-year period was performed. Thirty-five patients with a mean (standard deviation (SD); range) age of 36.9 (±9.1; 22–61) years at presentation were included. The mean (SD; range) time between injection and presentation was 7.8 (±5.8; 1 day–20 years) years. The most common injected substance was silicone (n = 16, 45.7%) and liquid paraffin (n = 8, 22.9%). The penile shaft (94.3%) was the most injected site. The most common presentations were cosmetic dissatisfaction (57.1%) and pain and/or swelling (45.7%). Surgery was required in 32 (91.4%) cases. Primary procedures included local excision and primary closure (n = 19, 59.4%), circumcision (n = 5, 15.6%), excision with a split skin graft or a scrotal flap reconstruction (n = 5, 15.6%). Three (8.6%) patients presented with necrosis and required acute debridement. Overall, 18 patients had more than 1 procedure, and 8 patients required 3 or more procedures. A systematic search of the literature identified 887 articles of which 68 studies were included for analysis. The most common substance injected was paraffin (47.7%), followed by silicone (15.8%). The majority of patients (77.9%) presented with pain, swelling or penile deformity. 78.8% of the patients underwent surgical treatment, which included excision and primary closure with or without the use of skin grafts (85.1% of all procedures), the use of flaps (12.3%) and penile amputation (n = 2). Complications of foreign body injection into the male genitalia can be serious resulting in necrosis and autoamputation. Surgical intervention is often required to excise abnormal tissue to manage pain and improve cosmesis.
Predicting locations of cryptic pockets from single protein structures using the PocketMiner graph neural network
Authors: Meller Artur , Ward Michael , Borowsky Jonathan , Kshirsagar Meghana , Lotthammer Jeffrey M. , Oviedo Felipe , Ferres Juan Lavista , Bowman Gregory R.
Published: March 2023

Cryptic pockets expand the scope of drug discovery by enabling targeting of proteins currently considered undruggable because they lack pockets in their ground state structures. However, identifying cryptic pockets is labor-intensive and slow. The ability to accurately and rapidly predict if and where cryptic pockets are likely to form from a structure would greatly accelerate the search for druggable pockets. Here, we present PocketMiner, a graph neural network trained to predict where pockets are likely to open in molecular dynamics simulations. Applying PocketMiner to single structures from a newly curated dataset of 39 experimentally confirmed cryptic pockets demonstrates that it accurately identifies cryptic pockets (ROC-AUC: 0.87) >1,000-fold faster than existing methods. We apply PocketMiner across the human proteome and show that predicted pockets open in simulations, suggesting that over half of proteins thought to lack pockets based on available structures likely contain cryptic pockets, vastly expanding the potentially druggable proteome.
A photoswitchable inhibitor of TREK channels controls pain in wild-type intact freely moving animals
Authors: Landra-Willm Arnaud , Karapurkar Ameya , Duveau Alexia , Chassot Anne Amandine , Esnault Lucille , Callejo Gerard , Bied Marion , Häfner Stephanie , Lesage Florian , Wdziekonski Brigitte , Baron Anne , Fossat Pascal , Marsollier Laurent , Gasull Xavier , Boué-Grabot Eric , Kienzler Michael A. , Sandoz Guillaume
Published: March 2023

By endowing light control of neuronal activity, optogenetics and photopharmacology are powerful methods notably used to probe the transmission of pain signals. However, costs, animal handling and ethical issues have reduced their dissemination and routine use. Here we report LAKI (Light Activated K+ channel Inhibitor), a specific photoswitchable inhibitor of the pain-related two-pore-domain potassium TREK and TRESK channels. In the dark or ambient light, LAKI is inactive. However, alternating transdermal illumination at 365 nm and 480 nm reversibly blocks and unblocks TREK/TRESK current in nociceptors, enabling rapid control of pain and nociception in intact and freely moving mice and nematode. These results demonstrate, in vivo, the subcellular localization of TREK/TRESK at the nociceptor free nerve endings in which their acute inhibition is sufficient to induce pain, showing LAKI potential as a valuable tool for TREK/TRESK channel studies. More importantly, LAKI gives the ability to reversibly remote-control pain in a non-invasive and physiological manner in naive animals, which has utility in basic and translational pain research but also in in vivo analgesic drug screening and validation, without the need of genetic manipulations or viral infection.
Sub-continental-scale carbon stocks of individual trees in African drylands
Authors: Tucker Compton , Brandt Martin , Hiernaux Pierre , Kariryaa Ankit , Rasmussen Kjeld , Small Jennifer , Igel Christian , Reiner Florian , Melocik Katherine , Meyer Jesse , Sinno Scott , Romero Eric , Glennie Erin , Fitts Yasmin , Morin August , Pinzon Jorge , McClain Devin , Morin Paul , Porter Claire , Loeffler Shane , Kergoat Laurent , Issoufou Bil-Assanou , Savadogo Patrice , Wigneron Jean-Pierre , Poulter Benjamin , Ciais Philippe , Kaufmann Robert , Myneni Ranga , Saatchi Sassan , Fensholt Rasmus
Published: March 2023

The distribution of dryland trees and their density, cover, size, mass and carbon content are not well known at sub-continental to continental scales1–14. This information is important for ecological protection, carbon accounting, climate mitigation and restoration efforts of dryland ecosystems15–18. We assessed more than 9.9 billion trees derived from more than 300,000 satellite images, covering semi-arid sub-Saharan Africa north of the Equator. We attributed wood, foliage and root carbon to every tree in the 0–1,000 mm year−1 rainfall zone by coupling field data19, machine learning20–22, satellite data and high-performance computing. Average carbon stocks of individual trees ranged from 0.54 Mg C ha−1 and 63 kg C tree−1 in the arid zone to 3.7 Mg C ha−1 and 98 kg tree−1 in the sub-humid zone. Overall, we estimated the total carbon for our study area to be 0.84 (±19.8%) Pg C. Comparisons with 14 previous TRENDY numerical simulation studies23 for our area found that the density and carbon stocks of scattered trees have been underestimated by three models and overestimated by 11 models, respectively. This benchmarking can help understand the carbon cycle and address concerns about land degradation24–29. We make available a linked database of wood mass, foliage mass, root mass and carbon stock of each tree for scientists, policymakers, dryland-restoration practitioners and farmers, who can use it to estimate farmland tree carbon stocks from tablets or laptops.
Momentum transfer from the DART mission kinetic impact on asteroid Dimorphos
Authors: Cheng Andrew F. , Agrusa Harrison F. , Barbee Brent W. , Meyer Alex J. , Farnham Tony L. , Raducan Sabina D. , Richardson Derek C. , Dotto Elisabetta , Zinzi Angelo , Della Corte Vincenzo , Statler Thomas S. , Chesley Steven , Naidu Shantanu P. , Hirabayashi Masatoshi , Li Jian-Yang , Eggl Siegfried , Barnouin Olivier S. , Chabot Nancy L. , Chocron Sidney , Collins Gareth S. , Daly R. Terik , Davison Thomas M. , DeCoster Mallory E. , Ernst Carolyn M. , Ferrari Fabio , Graninger Dawn M. , Jacobson Seth A. , Jutzi Martin , Kumamoto Kathryn M. , Luther Robert , Lyzhoft Joshua R. , Michel Patrick , Murdoch Naomi , Nakano Ryota , Palmer Eric , Rivkin Andrew S. , Scheeres Daniel J. , Stickle Angela M. , Sunshine Jessica M. , Trigo-Rodriguez Josep M. , Vincent Jean-Baptiste , Walker James D. , Wünnemann Kai , Zhang Yun , Amoroso Marilena , Bertini Ivano , Brucato John R. , Capannolo Andrea , Cremonese Gabriele , Dall’Ora Massimo , Deshapriya Prasanna J. D. , Gai Igor , Hasselmann Pedro H. , Ieva Simone , Impresario Gabriele , Ivanovski Stavro L. , Lavagna Michèle , Lucchetti Alice , Epifani Elena M. , Modenini Dario , Pajola Maurizio , Palumbo Pasquale , Perna Davide , Pirrotta Simone , Poggiali Giovanni , Rossi Alessandro , Tortora Paolo , Zannoni Marco , Zanotti Giovanni
Published: March 2023

The NASA Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission performed a kinetic impact on asteroid Dimorphos, the satellite of the binary asteroid (65803) Didymos, at 23:14 UTC on 26 September 2022 as a planetary defence test1. DART was the first hypervelocity impact experiment on an asteroid at size and velocity scales relevant to planetary defence, intended to validate kinetic impact as a means of asteroid deflection. Here we report a determination of the momentum transferred to an asteroid by kinetic impact. On the basis of the change in the binary orbit period2, we find an instantaneous reduction in Dimorphos’s along-track orbital velocity component of 2.70 ± 0.10 mm s−1, indicating enhanced momentum transfer due to recoil from ejecta streams produced by the impact3,4. For a Dimorphos bulk density range of 1,500 to 3,300 kg m−3, we find that the expected value of the momentum enhancement factor, β, ranges between 2.2 and 4.9, depending on the mass of Dimorphos. If Dimorphos and Didymos are assumed to have equal densities of 2,400 kg m−3, $${\beta =3.61}_{-0.25}^{+0.19}(1\sigma )$$

β
=
3.61

−
0.25

+
0.19

(

1
σ

)

. These β values indicate that substantially more momentum was transferred to Dimorphos from the escaping impact ejecta than was incident with DART. Therefore, the DART kinetic impact was highly effective in deflecting the asteroid Dimorphos.
Evaluation of grouped capsule network for intracranial hemorrhage segmentation in CT scans
Authors: Wang Lingying , Tang Menglin , Hu Xiuying
Published: March 2023

Intracranial hemorrhage is a cerebral vascular disease with high mortality. Automotive diagnosing and segmentation of intracranial hemorrhage in Computed Tomography (CT) could assist the neurosurgeon in making treatment plans, which improves the survival rate. In this paper, we design a grouped capsule network named GroupCapsNet to segment the hemorrhage region from a Non-contract CT scan. In grouped capsule network, we constrain the prediction capsules for output capsules produced from different groups of input capsules with various types in each layer. This method can reduce the number of intermediate prediction capsules and accelerate the capsule network. In addition, we modify the squashing function to further accelerate the forward procedure without sacrificing its performance. We evaluate our proposed method with a collected dataset containing 210 intracranial hemorrhage CT scan slices. In experiments, our proposed method achieves competitive results in intracranial hemorrhage area segmentation compared to the existing methods.
Efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and CO2reduction by HfSe2/GaAs3and ZrSe2/GaAs3heterostructures with direct Z-schemes
Authors: Wan Xue-Qing , Yang Chuan-Lu , Wang Mei-Shan , Ma Xiao-Guang
Published: March 2023

The elaborate configuration of the heterostructure is crucial and challenging to achieve high solar-to-hydrogen efficiency or CO2reduction efficiency .
Solvothermal synthesis and device fabrication of a Eu3+-based metal–organic framework as a turn-on and blue-shift fluorescence sensor toward Cr3+, Al3+ and Ga3+
Authors: Li Yu , Cai Ding-Gui , Zhu Zi-Hao , Xu Hui , Zheng Teng-Fei , Chen Jing-Lin , Liu Sui-Jun , Wen He-Rui
Published: March 2023

A pH-stable and solvent-stable Eu3+-based MOF can selectively and sensitively recognize Cr3+/Al3+/Ga3+via obvious turn-on and blue-shift fluorescence. More interestingly, the fluorescence test papers and LED lamps have been successfully developed.
High-speed printing of a bulk-heterojunction architecture in organic solar cells films
Authors: Zhao Xinbi , Sun Rui , Wu Xiaohei , Zhang Meimei , Gao Yuan , Wan Ji , Min Jie
Published: March 2023

A polymer self-doping strategy can improve the high-speed processability of the active layer without compromising performance to reduce minimum sustainable price, which guide the lab-to-fab of the high coating speed printing of organic solar cells.
Enhanced driving force and charge separation efficiency of protonated anthraquinone for C–H photooxygenation of alkanes by proton-coupled electron transfer
Authors: Yin Hui , Yuan Yingying , Li Yangbin , Tang Jing , Zhong Wenzhou , Mao Liqiu
Published: March 2023

We demonstrated a novel “donor–acceptor” strategy for boosting the aerobic visible-light photocatalytic C–H oxygenation of unactivated alkanes, through the protonation of anthraquinones by Brønsted acids.
Novel multifunctional unimolecular initiators built on natural indole featuring fast photobleaching and visible light/thermal double polymerization
Authors: Gong Shang , Wu Xiang , Liao Qiuyan , Deng Shuang , Hou Jing , Tang Kuangyu , Xiong Ying , Li Zhen , Tang Hongding
Published: March 2023

The fabricated photoinitiators IDs with green indole as the electron donor display highly efficient photobleaching and photoinitiation.
New heteroleptic 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane appended cobalt(iii) ferrocene dithiocarbamates as sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs)
Authors: Srivastava Devyani , Singh Amita , Kociok-Köhn Gabriele , Gosavi Suresh W. , Chauhan Ratna , Ashokkumar Muthupandian , Kumar Abhinav , Muddassir Mohd.
Published: March 2023

Three new dppe appended heteroleptic cobalt(iii) ferrocenyl dithiocarbamate complex cations were synthesized and used as sensitizers in DSSCs.
Controlled growth of lead-free cesium zirconium halide double perovskite nanocrystals through a microfluidic reactor
Authors: Geng Yimin , Lv Hao , Xu Shu , Geng Chong
Published: March 2023

Vacancy-ordered Cs2ZrX6 (X = Cl, Br) double perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) were synthesized through microfludic reactor, and kinetic study revealed the critical role of ligand and temperature in growth control and optical properties of the NCs.
Ginseng-derived exosome-like nanovesicles extracted by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation to inhibit osteoclast differentiation
Authors: Seo Kwansung , Yoo Ji Hye , Kim Jisu , Min Sung Jun , Heo Dong Nyoung , Kwon Il Keun , Moon Ho-Jin
Published: March 2023

Ginseng-derived extracellular nanovesicles effectively blocked bone loss bothin vitroandin vivoby inhibiting osteoclast differentiation through RANKL-induced IκBα, JNK, and ERK activation.
SERS-based detection of 5-S-cysteinyl-dopamine as a novel biomarker of Parkinson's disease in artificial biofluids
Authors: Badillo-Ramírez Isidro , Landeros-Rivera Bruno , Saniger José M. , Popp Jürgen , Cialla-May Dana
Published: March 2023

Molecular SERS analysis of 5-S-cysteinyl-dopamine and its detection in complex artificial fluids as a novel biomarker of Parkinson's disease.
Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay strategies based on a hexagonal Ru-MOF and MoS2@GO nanosheets: detection of 5-fluorouracil in serum samples
Authors: Ma Guoyu , Peng Lu , Zhang SunXiaoYi , Wu Kang , Deng Anping , Li Jianguo
Published: March 2023

Herein, a competitive-type electrochemiluminescence immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was fabricated.
Microfluidic synthesis of monodisperse and size-tunable CsPbBr3 supraparticles
Authors: Nette Julia , Montanarella Federico , Zhu Chenglian , Sekh Taras V. , Boehme Simon C. , Bodnarchuk Maryna I. , Rainò Gabriele , Howes Philip D. , Kovalenko Maksym V. , deMello Andrew J.
Published: March 2023

The template-assisted self-assembly of CsPbBr3 nanocrystals into monodisperse supraparticles is presented. Use of a droplet-based microfluidic system provides for precise control over supraparticle size.
A hairpin probe-mediated exponential amplification reaction for highly sensitive and specific detection of microRNAs
Authors: Yu Hongyan , Weng Zhi , Zhou Xi , Bai Dan , Luo Wang , Han Xiaole , Song Lin , Liu Qian , Li Junjie , Yang Yujun , Guo Yongcan , Lv Ke , Xie Guoming
Published: March 2023

In this work, we propose hairpin probe-mediated exponential amplification reaction (HEAR) strategy that combines DNA strand displacement with “who triggers, who gets generated” mode, providing single-base discrimination and reduced background signal.
Pd-Catalyzed intermolecular asymmetric allylic dearomatization of 1-nitro-2-naphthols with MBH adducts
Authors: Zhang Qing-Xia , Xie Jia-Hao , Gu Qing , You Shu-Li
Published: March 2023

Pd-Catalyzed asymmetric allylic dearomatization reaction of 1-nitro-2-naphthols with MBH adducts has been developed to afford enantioenriched β-naphthalenones.
Cooperative dihydrogen activation at a Na(i)2/Mg(i)2ensemble
Authors: Liu Han-Ying , Neale Samuel E. , Hill Michael S. , Mahon Mary F. , McMullin Claire L. , Morrison Benjamin L.
Published: March 2023

[{SiNDipp}MgNa]2({SiNDipp} = {CH2SiMe2N(Dipp)}2; Dipp = 2,6-i-Pr2C6H3) reacts directly with H2in a process, which computational studies suggest, is dictated by the frontier MOs of both H2and the low oxidation state s-block assembly.
Surface hopping modeling of charge and energy transfer in active environments
Authors: Toldo Josene M. , do Casal Mariana T. , Ventura Elizete , do Monte Silmar A. , Barbatti Mario
Published: March 2023

An active environment changes the photophysics of an excited chromophore. Surface hopping simulations are crucial to understanding how.
Synthesis, characterisation and reactivity studies of chiral β-diketiminate-like supported aluminium Lewis acid complexes towards difficult Diels Alder cycloadditions
Authors: Dissanayake Deepamali , Forsyth Craig , Vidović Dragoslav
Published: March 2023

Synthesis and characterization of several chiral, oxazoline containing β-diketiminate type ligand supported-aluminium compounds are reported as well as their catalytic properties for difficult Diels-Alder cyclisation reactions.
High thermoelectric performance and compatibility in Cu3SbSe4–CuAlS2 composites
Authors: Huang Yuling , Shen Xingchen , Wang Guiwen , Zhang Bin , Zheng Sikang , Yang Chun-Chuen , Hu Xuan , Gong Shaokuan , Han Guang , Wang Guoyu , Lu Xu , Zhou Xiaoyuan
Published: March 2023

A comparison of the thermoelectric performance and compatibility between the composite in this study and other state-of-art IV–VI compounds.
Why does the cyclic pentazolate anion fail to undergo N-oxidization in oxone solution?
Authors: Xu Ze , Jiang Shuaijie , Hou Tianyang , Zhang Xiaopeng , Lu Ming , Xu Yuangang
Published: March 2023

The cyclo-pentazolate anion failed to be oxidized using oxone. How can this be realized?
Molecular dynamics study on evaporation of metal nitrate-containing nanodroplets in flame spray pyrolysis
Authors: Hou Dingyu , Wang Geng , Gao Jingqi , Luo Kai H.
Published: March 2023

Solute–shell–solvent–core configuration is revealed by molecular dynamics simulation during evaporation of a metal–nitrate containing nanodroplet.
Synthesis of menarandroside A from dehydroepiandrosterone
Authors: Offei Samuel D. , Arman Hadi D. , Yoshimoto Francis K.
Published: March 2023

Menarandroside A, which bears a 12α-hydroxypregnenolone steroid backbone, was isolated from the plant, Cynanchum menarandrense. This natural product was synthesized from dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA).
Helical fluxionality: numerical frustration drives concerted low-barrier screw motions of a tricopper cluster
Authors: Kim Heechan , Shin Juhwan , Kim Seyong , Lee Dongwhan
Published: March 2023

An uneven distribution of ligand donor atoms and metal centers of a double-helical trinuclear complex drives a hitherto unknown type of fluxional motion taking a spiral path with an extraordinarily low energy barrier.
Wideband and low‐loss transition from low‐temperature co‐fired ceramic laminated waveguide to subminiature coaxial connector for millimetre‐wave applications
Authors: Yuan Bin , Du Qing , Yuan Yang , Hao Chengxiang , Zhao Yan , Yu Zhongjun
Published: March 2023

This letter presents a novel transition scheme from laminated waveguide (LWG) to subminiature coaxial connector with wideband and low‐loss performance. The laminated waveguide is achieved using multilayer low‐temperature co‐fired ceramic (LTCC) technology. In the conventional transition scheme, a length of grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW) is used to connect the LWG and coaxial connector to obtain a wide bandwidth, which increase the transition size and radiation loss, especially in millimetre‐wave (MMW) band. To realize a compact and low‐loss LWG‐to‐coaxial connector transition, the GCPW line is removed and the whole LTCC transition structure is designed underneath the coaxial connector. Moreover, two stages of waveguide step are introduced to constrain the electromagnetic field in the transition for lower radiation loss, which also contributes to the wideband impedance matching. The back‐to‐back transition is designed and fabricated with LTCC technology to validate the proposed transition scheme. A measured bandwidth of 44% from 27.3 to 42.9 GHz is achieved under |S11| < −15 dB and the insertion loss of single transition is about 0.4 dB.
Performance evaluating of rotor arrangement on high torque density in‐wheel permanent magnet machines
Authors: Wang Qin , Wang Chen , Li Ya
Published: March 2023

This article presents a new rotor with fractional slot distribution winding permanent magnet (FSDWPM) machine to improve the torque density of in‐wheel motor. In order to achieve the high torque/power density and reduced material weight with constrained rotor inner diameter and stator outer diameter, three traditional rotor topologies, including single‐layer V‐shaped, double‐layer V‐shaped, and delta‐type, are selected and compared with the proposed FSDWPM machine. Subsequently, the corresponding basic electromagnetic performances, including open‐circuit back‐EMFs, on‐load torque, and efficiency distributions, of the four machines are investigated and compared by finite element (FE) analysis. The simulated results shows that the proposed rotor arrangement exhibits the highest average torque, excellent field‐weakening capability, the largest high‐efficiency region compared with conventional rotor structures. Finally, a 50 kW FSDWPM machine prototype with double‐layer PM arrangement is manufactured, and some experimental results are conducted to confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed design.
Resonant infrared irradiation of CO and CH3OH interstellar ices
Authors: Santos J. C. , Chuang K.-J. , Schrauwen J. G. M. , Traspas Muiña A. , Zhang J. , Cuppen H. M. , Redlich B. , Linnartz H. , Ioppolo S.
Published: March 2023

Context. Solid-phase photo-processes involving icy dust grains greatly affect the chemical evolution of the interstellar medium by leading to the formation of complex organic molecules and by inducing photodesorption. So far, the focus of laboratory studies has mainly been on the impact of energetic ultraviolet (UV) photons on ices, but direct vibrational excitation by infrared (IR) photons is expected to influence the morphology and content of interstellar ices as well. However, little is still known about the mechanisms through which this excess vibrational energy is dissipated, as well as its implications for the structure and ice photochemistry.

Aims. In this work, we present a systematic investigation of the behavior of interstellar relevant CO and CH3OH ice analogs following the resonant excitation of vibrational modes using tunable IR radiation. We seek to quantify the IR-induced photodesorption and gain insights into the impact of vibrational energy dissipation on ice morphology.

Methods. We utilized an ultrahigh vacuum setup at cryogenic temperatures to grow pure CO and CH3OH ices, as well as mixtures of the two. We exposed the ices to intense, near-monochromatic mid-IR (MIR) free-electron-laser radiation using the LISA end-station at the FELIX free electron laser facility to selectively excite the species. Changes to the ice are monitored by means of reflection-absorption IR spectroscopy combined with quadrupole mass-spectrometry. These methods also allowed us to characterize the photodesorption efficiency.

Results. The dissipation of vibrational energy is observed to be highly dependent on the excited mode and the chemical environment of the ice. All amorphous ices undergo some degree of restructuring towards a more organized configuration upon on-resonance irradiation. Moreover, IR-induced photodesorption is observed to occur for both pure CO and CH3OH ices, with interstellar photodesorption efficiencies on the order of 10 molecules cm−2 s−1. This result is comparable to or higher than what is found for UV-induced counterparts. An indirect photodesorption of CO upon vibrational excitation of CH3OH in ice mixtures is also observed to occur, particularly in environments that are rich in methanol. Here, we discuss the astrochemical implications of these IR-induced phenomena.
Fast correlation function calculator
Authors: Zhao Cheng
Published: March 2023

Context.A novel high-performance exact pair-counting toolkit called fast correlation function calculator (FCFC) is presented.

Aims.With the rapid growth of modern cosmological datasets, the evaluation of correlation functions with observational and simulation catalogues has become a challenge. High-efficiency pair-counting codes are thus in great demand.

Methods.We introduce different data structures and algorithms that can be used for pair-counting problems, and perform comprehensive benchmarks to identify the most efficient algorithms for real-world cosmological applications. We then describe the three levels of parallelisms used by FCFC, SIMD, OpenMP, and MPI, and run extensive tests to investigate the scalabilities. Finally, we compare the efficiency of FCFC with alternative pair-counting codes.

Results.The data structures and histogram update algorithms implemented in FCFC are shown to outperform alternative methods. FCFC does not benefit greatly from SIMD because the bottleneck of our histogram update algorithm is mainly cache latency. Nevertheless, the efficiency of FCFC scales well with the numbers of OpenMP threads and MPI processes, even though speedups may be degraded with over a few thousand threads in total. FCFC is found to be faster than most (if not all) other public pair-counting codes for modern cosmological pair-counting applications.
The Kormendy relation of early-type galaxies as a function of wavelength in Abell S1063, MACS J0416.1-2403, and MACS J1149.5+2223
Authors: Tortorelli L. , Mercurio A. , Granata G. , Rosati P. , Grillo C. , Nonino M. , Acebron A. , Angora G. , Bergamini P. , Caminha G. B. , Meštrić U. , Vanzella E.
Published: March 2023

Context. The wavelength dependence of the projection of the fundamental plane along the velocity dispersion axis, namely the Kormendy relation, is well characterised at low redshift but poorly studied at intermediate redshifts. The Kormendy relation provides information on the evolution of the population of early-type galaxies (ETGs). Therefore, by studying it, we may shed light on the assembly processes of these objects and their size evolution. As studies at different redshifts are generally conducted in different rest-frame wavebands, it is important to investigate whether the Kormendy relation is dependent on wavelength. Knowledge of such a dependence is fundamental to correctly interpreting the conclusions we might draw from these studies.

Aims. We analyse the Kormendy relations of the three Hubble Frontier Fields clusters, Abell S1063 at z = 0.348, MACS J0416.1-2403 at z = 0.396, and MACS J1149.5+2223 at z = 0.542, as a function of wavelength. This is the first time the Kormendy relation of ETGs has been explored consistently over such a large range of wavelengths at intermediate redshifts.

Methods. We exploit very deep Hubble Space Telescope photometry, ranging from the observed B-band to the H-band, and VLT/MUSE integral field spectroscopy. We improve the structural parameter estimation we performed in a previous work by means of a newly developed PYTHON package called MORPHOFIT.

Results. With its use on cluster ETGs, we find that the Kormendy relation slopes increase smoothly with wavelength from the optical to the near-infrared (NIR) bands in all three clusters, with the intercepts becoming fainter at lower redshifts due to the passive ageing of the ETG stellar populations. The slope trend is consistent with previous findings at lower redshifts.

Conclusions. The slope increase with wavelength implies that smaller ETGs are more centrally concentrated than larger ETGs in the NIR with respect to the optical regime. As different bands probe different stellar populations in galaxies, the slope increase also implies that smaller ETGs have stronger internal gradients with respect to larger ETGs.
Applicability of the gape monitor to study flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) feeding behaviour
Authors: Tonk Linda , Witbaard Rob , van Dalen Pim , Cheng Chiu H. , Kamermans Pauline
Published: March 2023

Innovative techniques are needed to assess oyster performance in flat oyster reef restoration projects. A valve gape monitor, a device that continuously measures opening and closing of live bivalves, can potentially be used as an effective method to determine survival and behaviour of the European flat oyster Ostrea edulis. The method has been successfully used in combination with a number of bivalve species to investigate valve gape activity in response to environmental factors. In this study, eight O. edulis were equipped with valve gape sensors in order to relate gape to environmental conditions such as food availability. Valve gape activity was monitored under controlled laboratory conditions, with and without food, in a concrete basin in the Oosterschelde and in the field (Voordelta, Dutch North Sea). Under controlled laboratory conditions, oysters clearly responded to changes in food availability. Starved oysters closed their valves significantly longer than oysters that received food, and the relative gape width in fed oysters was larger. In the concrete basin (Oosterschelde), a positive correlation between valve opening and Chlorophyll-a was found. Additionally, valve gape activity and tidal movement appeared to be linked. When exposed to a full tidal cycle (Voordelta), a negative correlation between valve opening and Chlorophyll-a was found. However, there was no correlation between valve gape and current velocity. In autumn, longer periods of inactivity were seen, but when valves opened, the valve gape was larger. These data indicate that valve gape can provide valuable information on behaviour (gape frequency and gape width), but also show that it is not necessarily a good proxy for feeding rate. Nevertheless, these results show that the gape monitor can be used to determine the natural behaviour of flat oysters under field conditions, and that gape opening provides information on behaviour and the stress response of bivalves to environmental conditions.
Lattice QCD equation of state at finite chemical potential from an alternative resummation: Strangeness neutrality and beyond
Authors: Parotto Paolo , Borsányi Szabolcs , Fodor Zoltan , Guenther Jana N. , Kara Ruben , Pásztor Attila , Ratti Claudia , Szabó Kalman K.
Published: March 2023

In this contribution we present a resummation of the Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) equation of state from lattice simulations at imaginary chemical potentials. We generalize the scheme introduced in a previous work [1], to the case of non-zero strangeness chemical potential. We present continuum extrapolated results for thermodynamic observables in the temperature range 130MeV ≤ T ≤ 280 MeV, for chemical potentials up to μB/T = 3:5, along the strangeness neutral line. Furthermore, we relax the constraint of strangeness neutrality, by extrapolating to small values of the strangeness-to-baryon-number ratio R = nS / nB.
Constraining hadronization processes with charmed baryons in pp and p–Pb collisions with ALICE
Authors: Seo Jinjoo
Published: March 2023

The latest measurements of D0, D+ and Ds+ mesons with the final measurements of Λc+,Ξc0,+, Σc0,++, and the first measurement of Ωcc baryons performed with the ALICE detector at midrapidity in pp collisions √S = 5.02 TeV and √S = 13 TeV are presented. Furthermore, the recent Λc+/D0 yield ratio, measured down to pT = 0 in p-Pb collisions are discussed. Finally, the first measurements of charm fragmentation fractions and charm production cross section at midrapidity per unit of rapidity are shown for both pp and p-Pb collisions using all measured charm ground state hadrons.