bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation of three-point bending behavior of assembled hybrid composite tubes before and after the fire endurance test
Authors: Ben Khalifa Ated , Brahem Nessrine , Braiek Sonia , Zitoune Redouane , Zidi Mondher
Published: June 2022

This work presents an experimental investigation of the post-fire flexural strength of Filament-wound Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) tubes manufactured by CTRA Company. These tubes are assembled according to both the NFT57-900 and DIN-16966 standards’ recommendations. To this end, flexural tests have been carried out on butt-to-butt assembled tubes, before and after fire endurance tests. To gain a better insight into fire-induced damage mechanisms, thermal analysis (DSC and TGA), FTIR analysis tests, as well as Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) observations have been conducted. The experimental results revealed that a water leakage was observed prior to the recommended threshold time by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) resolution. It has been also confirmed that flexural properties of the GFRP tube are degraded after the fire tests. Furthermore, a quantitative comparison for both filament tubes assembled according to the NFT and DIN standards confirms that the NFT ones depict higher resistance. Finally, damage investigation reveals that the main observed forms of damage occurring during this experiments are delamination and matrix cracking phenomena. The main novelties of this work are (a) extending the classic analysis carried out on simple composite plate to cover water-filled GFRP assembled tubes subject to fire endurance test, and (b) the experimental investigation of DIN and NFT butt welded joined pipes under three point loading prior and post fire endurance test.
Therapists’ Experiences of Self-Transcendence: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
Authors: James Peter , Bray Peter
Published: June 2022

This study examines how seven counselors and psychotherapists in Aotearoa New Zealand made sense of their self-transcendent experiences (STE), and discussed how they see these experiences influencing their therapeutic approaches. The term “self-transcendent experience” is defined as a short-lived peak event that achieves a perceived connection beyond one’s sense of self, which can be difficult to describe in words. It is assumed that when STE occurs in the lives of psychologically healthy individuals, its aftermath is associated with increased well-being. Applying interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) to seven semi-structured interviews, this study attempts to make interpretative sense of how participants understand transcendent phenomena. Results point to an interplay between participants’ perceived meaning of STE and its context, defined as the confluence of interpersonal and intrapersonal characteristics of lived experience preceding, during, and following the event. Participants couch ineffable phenomena of STE within more communicable narratives of grief and loss, shifting identity, struggling with insecurity, and undergoing transformational growth. Findings point to the role of intuitive states during therapy, where participants receive “pictures or sensations” and “pings of information.” Some participants reported sensing deep connection with clients, suggesting states of relational depth during therapy might be conceived of as low-key STE.
Adapting the Short Grit Scale with Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling for Portuguese College Students
Authors: Frontini Roberta , Monteiro Diogo , Rodrigues Filipe , Matos Rui , Antunes Raúl
Published: June 2022

The Short Grit Scale (Grit–S) is a self- and informant-report version of the longer Grit Scale, and it retains the 2-factor structure of the original scale. Our purpose in this research was to measure trait-level perseverance and passion for long-term goals by translating and validating the Grit-S for Portuguese respondents. Our participants were 572 college students (135 female, 437 male; age range 18–30 years, M age = 21.47, SD = 2.29 years) from twelve Portuguese universities. Our data confirmed the scale’s two-factor structure (“consistency of interests” and “perseverance of effort”) and demonstrated appropriate adjustment values (CFI = 0.999, TLI = 0.981, SRMR = 0.017, RMSEA = 0.001, CI90%= 0.000–0.041). We found the adapted scale to be invariant for sex. Use of the scale confirmed an association between grit and well-being. These results imply that other investigators and practitioners interested in this scale may now apply it with Portuguese young adults.
Engineering Democracy: Electoral Rules and Turnout Inequality
Authors: Boyle Brian Paul
Published: June 2022

The issue of unequal electoral turnout poses serious concerns for both the overall health of democratic politics, and the extent to which certain groups exert an unequal influence on the political process. This article explores the relationship between electoral rules such as: compulsory voting, electoral system proportionality, and voter registration with voter inequality in terms of age, income and education. This is examined using cross-national survey data and cross-level interactions between electoral institutions and socio-demographic variables. The final dataset is based on waves 2–4 of the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems, and contains information on 133,000 individuals, within 45 countries, between 2001 and 2016. The results indicate that compulsory voting is associated with a significant reduction in turnout inequalities, while the effects of proportionality and voter registration are somewhat more mixed.
A discrete-event simulation tool for airport deicing activities: Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport
Authors: Jen Hui-Chiao , Huff Brian L , LeBoulluec Aera K , Nasirian Bahareh , Bum Kim Seoung , Rosenberger Jay M , Chen Victoria CP
Published: June 2022

Aircraft deicing/anti-icing fluids (ADFs) are applied to remove and prevent icing on aircraft during taxi and takeoff. The Dallas-Fort Worth (DFW) International Airport uses deicing pads for deicing activities that collect and contain the spent deicing fluids for proper treatment or disposal. Local waterways receive ADF as “drip and shear” during the aircraft taxi on the runway and then takeoff. The glycol-based ADF serves as a nutrient for bacteria that grow exponentially, deplete dissolved oxygen (DO) from receiving waterways, and subsequently kill aquatic life. In this paper, we present a data-driven discrete-event simulation modeling process developed in collaboration with DFW Airport to assess aircraft assignment strategies to deicing pad locations by monitoring impact on DO. Our process consists of the following phases: (1) Data Collection, (2) Probability Distribution Modeling, and (3) State Transition Modeling. Both Phases (2) and (3) utilized data mining approaches, including treed regression and variable selection via false discovery rate. Detailed implementation of these phases is described for the DFW Airport case study, and the DFW Airport deicing activities simulation tool framework is presented. The actual data and simulation results were compared in terms of the DO levels in airport receiving waterways to verify the model validity after implementing the proposed model for DFW. Thus, the proposed model can be implemented by airports to control and minimize the adverse environmental effects resulting from deicing activities by optimizing the aircraft assignment to the pad locations.
Which Frequency of Ankle Pump Exercise Should Be Chosen for the Prophylaxis of Deep Vein Thrombosis?
Authors: Li Haiyan , Zhang Wei , Lu Qingsheng , Wang Jinping , Zhi Yanru , Zhang Lingjuan , Zhou Lanshu
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Ankle pump exercise (APE) is an effective method to prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the lower extremities. However, traditional APE at a frequency of 3 times/min applied in the clinic lacked high compliance, and individuals were found to prefer an APE of 30 times/min. This study aimed to compare the effects of APEs with the above two different frequencies on the venous hemodynamics and fatigue of lower extremities.

Methods

The study applied a randomized cross-over design, and 307 healthy adults were randomly assigned into two groups, whose left feet performed 5 minutes of traditional APE (3 times/min, after 10 minutes of rest) and 5 minutes of selected APE (30 times/min, after 10 minutes of rest) in different orders. The diameters and blood flow velocities of the external iliac vein, femoral vein, and popliteal vein of the left extremities were recorded with the color doppler ultrasound when participants were at rest and after 5 minutes of traditional or selected APE. The fatigue of lower extremities was assessed with the Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) after the participants performed 5 minutes of different APEs.

Results

After both traditional APE and selected APE, the diameters and blood flow (peak systolic) velocities of the external iliac vein, femoral vein, and popliteal vein increased significantly in the participants (P<.01), and the effects of the two APEs on venous hemodynamics of the lower extremities had no significant difference (P>.05). However, participants reported that traditional APE caused higher fatigue, and 252 (82.1%) participants preferred APE at 30 times/min.

Conclusion

Both traditional and selected APE could increase venous blood flow in the lower extremity. Despite the equivalent effects, the selected APE of 30 times/min may cause less fatigue than the traditional one of 3 times/min.
A Christology of history and contextualization: Hans Urs von Balthasar’s mission Christology and Kosuke Koyama’s contextualizing Christology
Authors: Lett Jacob
Published: June 2022

In this article, I put Koyama’s contextual Christology in conversation with Balthasar’s mission Christology and consider how they understand history, culture, and the “I” in light of their respective Christologies. In the process, I examine how different Christo-logics shape the nature of theological contextualization, particularly in the way they frame how Christ and, by extension, the church encounter the particularities of history and persons. In the end, I ultimately argue that Balthasar’s Christology offers the “theo-logic” for the dramatic understanding of history that Koyama is performing in his contextual theology and that a dual-nature Christology leads to a dual practice of contextual theology.
Simultaneous tuning of cascade controllers based on nonlinear optimization
Authors: Torga Diego S , da Silva Moisés T , Reis Lucas A , Euzébio Thiago AM
Published: June 2022

Cascade control is widely used in the process industry, especially to reject disturbances. Typically, the controller parameters in the inner and outer loops of the cascade controller structure are defined in a strict sequence. In this paper, simultaneous tuning of cascade controllers is proposed to improve the performance of the system under load disturbance. For this purpose, the cost function of a nonlinear optimization problem is formulated to minimize the effect of disturbances on the system output. In addition, robustness constraints are defined for the maximum sensitivity function to independently guarantee a robust system for inner and outer loops. In this sense, the designer can explicitly and independently address the trade-off between performance and robustness for both loops. Simulation studies illustrate the performance and effectiveness of the proposed controller design method compared to well-known methods in the literature. These results indicate that the proposed method reduces the integrated absolute error (IAE) under load disturbance by up to [Formula: see text]. In addition, experimental results from a tank-level control application in the mineral process industry illustrate the practical applicability of the proposed method. In this case, the proposed method reduces the IAE under load disturbance by [Formula: see text].
Bipartite containment control of multi-agent systems with multiple leader groups
Authors: Yang Yanhua , Hu Wenfeng
Published: June 2022

This article mainly considers the bipartite containment control problem of multi-agent systems with first- and second-order dynamics, where the antagonistic networks and multiple leader groups are considered. Specially, under the antagonistic networks, the multiple leader groups constitute two opposite convex hulls. One is a real convex hull composed of the real leader groups and the other is a virtual convex hull composed of opposite virtual leaders. For the first-order multi-agent systems with multiple leader groups, the followers move into the stationary real or virtual convex hull. While for the second-order multi-agent systems, the followers finally move into the dynamic real or virtual convex hull. In both cases, we obtain the sufficient conditions on achieving bipartite containment control. In the end, the effectiveness is verified by some simulations.
Language diversity and bilingual first language acquisition: A commentary on Kidd and Garcia (2022)
Authors: Yip Virginia , Matthews Stephen
Published: June 2022

Discussing the issue of representativeness from a bilingual perspective, we address how the problem is multiplied in the case of bilingual first language acquisition (BFLA). Given 7,000 languages, there are over 24 million possible language pairs that bilingual children might acquire. In current research and databases including CHILDES, English and Indo-European languages dominate: even non-Indo-European languages are typically paired with an Indo-European language. Referring to studies involving East Asian languages, we outline how genetic, contact, and typological relationships between language pairs may influence the course of BFLA.
A longitudinal study of Estonian mothers’ self-reported language teaching practices and children’s language skills
Authors: Tulviste Tiia , Tamm Anni
Published: June 2022

This study explored associations between mothers’ language teaching practices and children’s language skills concurrently and longitudinally, while also taking into account the children’s sex and mothers’ education. Estonian mothers of 76 children reported their language teaching practices at child ages 3;0 and 4;0. Children’s language comprehension and production were measured via the examiner-administered New Reynell Developmental Language Scales (NRDLS). The results indicated that at Wave 1, girls scored higher on language comprehension and production than boys. Mothers’ higher education predicted higher scores on language production. Maternal corrective feedback was a negative predictor of children’s concurrent language comprehension. At Wave 2, neither maternal teaching practices, maternal education nor child’s sex predicted the language measures of interest. The longitudinal results showed that later language production scores were negatively predicted by mothers’ corrective feedback. Yet, the strongest predictors of both language scores were the scores of language comprehension and production measured 1 year earlier. Moreover, maternal language teaching practices at Wave 2 were predicted by mothers’ early language teaching practices, but not by children’s earlier language skills.
Simulation and experimental study on the elbow pressure loss of large air duct with different internal guide vanes
Authors: Wang Haidong , Li Xiaohan , Tang Yi , Chen Xiaowen , Shen Huihua , Cao Xiaocheng , Gao Huimin
Published: June 2022

Air duct pressure loss, especially the duct elbow, is a significant component of building air-conditioning energy consumption. Improving the airflow uniformity in the duct elbow for large prefabricated air ducts can help reduce the local resistance loss. In this paper, the influence of guide vanes on the pressure loss of elbows in the duct was investigated through experimentally validated simulation results. According to similarity theory, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation results were employed to perform a parametric study to optimize the duct elbow guide vane. Different numbers, positions, and shapes of air guide vanes in the elbow were used to reduce the pressure loss and also played a crucial role in improving the uniformity of airflow in the elbow. Through CFD simulation, the optimized specifications of guide vanes in the elbow on the airflow and local pressure loss coefficients were explored. This study will provide a reference for numerical prediction and engineering application of using guide vane to minimize the local pressure loss of large prefabricated air ducts.
Enterprise Risk Management Maturity: A Clinical Study of a U.S. Multinational Nonprofit Firm
Authors: Jalilvand Abolhassan , Moorthy Sidharth
Published: June 2022

This study, which is based on actual events, presents a dynamic analysis of the development, implementation, and post-implementation review of establishing an enterprise risk management (ERM) system for a U.S. multinational nonprofit firm over a 5-year period, 2015–2020. Using the Risk and Insurance Management Society Risk Maturity Model (RIMS RMM), questionnaire-based risk data and multi-dimensional risk mapping indices are used to identify and prioritize the firm’s key strategic risks leading to the development of mitigation strategies whose performance are reviewed post ERM implementation, including during the 2020 Coronavirus pandemic. The results reveal that the firm’s risk management system has been ad hoc and uncoordinated. Post-implementation review of the ERM program shows improvements in financial and operating positions resulting from risk diversification, enhanced profitability, exploitation of natural hedges, and improved board governance. The results further show that the recommended mitigation strategies have been effective in managing the adverse impact of the pandemic. Overall, the evidence offered in this study provides further support on the valuation benefits of ERM maturity within a real-world environment.
An Improved Parameter Estimator of the Homodyned K Distribution Based on the Maximum Likelihood Method for Ultrasound Tissue Characterization
Authors: Liu Yang , Zhang Yufeng , He Bingbing , Li Zhiyao , Lang Xun , Liang Hong , Chen Jianhua
Published: June 2022

The homodyned K distribution (HK) can generally describe the ultrasound backscatter envelope statistics distribution with parameters that have specific physical meaning. However, creating robust and reliable HK parameter estimates remains a crucial concern. The maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) usually yields a small variance and bias in parameter estimation. Thus, two recent studies have attempted to use MLE for parameter estimation of HK distribution. However, some of the statements in these studies are not fully justified and they may hinder the application of parameter estimation of HK distribution based on MLE. In this study, we propose a new parameter estimator for the HK distribution based on the MLE (i.e., MLE1), which overcomes the disadvantages of conventional MLE of HK distribution. The MLE1 was compared with other estimators, such as XU estimator (an estimation method based on the first moment of the intensity and tow log-moments) and ANN estimator (an estimation method based on artificial neural networks). We showed that the estimations of parameters α and k are the best overall (in terms of the relative bias, normalized standard deviation, and relative root mean squared errors) using the proposed MLE1 compared with the others based on the simulated data when the sample size was N = 1000. Moreover, we assessed the usefulness of the proposed MLE1 when the number of scatterers per resolution cell was high (i.e., α up to 80) and when the sample size was small (i.e., N = 100), and we found a satisfactory result. Tests on simulated ultrasound images based on Field II were performed and the results confirmed that the proposed MLE1 is feasible and reliable for the parameter estimation from the ultrasonic envelope signal. Therefore, the proposed MLE1 can accurately estimate the HK parameters with lower uncertainty, which presents a potential practical value for further ultrasonic applications.
How do Incumbents Affect the Founding of Cooperatives? Evidence from the German electricity industry
Authors: Liu Min , Guenther Christina
Published: June 2022

As cooperatives become a crucial part of our society’s repository of solutions for addressing the sustainability challenges, the very emergence of cooperatives continues to puzzle scholars. In this study we address a central concern for both organizational scholars and sustainability advocates, i.e. where and under which conditions cooperatives emerge as an alternative form to corporations. Building on organizational ecology theories, we argue that the varying organizational characteristics within local incumbent forms constitute an additional layer to explain cooperatives’ emergence, above and beyond the known effects of community characteristics and incumbents’ aggregated density (or capacity). Our analysis of a unique data set of German energy cooperatives between 2003 and 2010 support our hypotheses. Our results show that energy cooperatives are more likely to be founded where incumbent utilities have higher average age and greater size diversity, because age-related inertia and lack of competition among incumbents of diverse size limit their adaptability towards serving the new market demand for renewable energy.
Intrathecal sc-AAV9-CB-GFP: Systemic Distribution Predominates Following Single-Dose Administration in Cynomolgus Macaques
Authors: Meseck Emily K. , Guibinga Ghiabe , Wang Stephen , McElroy Cameron , Hudry Eloise , Mansfield Keith
Published: June 2022

Biodistribution of self-complementary adeno-associated virus-9 (scAAV9)–chicken β-actin promoter–green fluorescent protein (GFP) was assessed in juvenile cynomolgus macaques infused intrathecally via lumbar puncture or the intracisterna magna (1.0×1013 or 3.0×1013 vg/animal), with necropsy 28 days later. Our results characterized central nervous system biodistribution compared with systemic organs/tissues by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction for DNA and in situ hybridization. Green fluorescent protein expression was characterized by Meso Scale Discovery electrochemiluminescence immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Biodistribution was widespread but variable, with vector DNA and GFP expression greatest in the spinal cord, dorsal root ganglia (DRG), and certain systemic tissues (e.g., liver), with low concentrations in many brain regions despite direct cerebrospinal fluid administration. Transduction and expression were observed primarily in perivascular astrocytes in the brain, with a paucity in neurons. Greater GFP expression was observed in hepatocytes, striated myocytes, cardiomyocytes, spinal cord lower motor neurons, and DRG sensory neurons by IHC. These results should be considered when evaluating scAAV9-based intrathecal delivery with the current expression cassette as a modality for neurologic diseases that require widespread brain neuronal expression. This capsid/expression cassette combination may be better suited for diseases that express a secreted protein and/or do not require widespread brain neuronal transduction.
A Reinforcement Learning Approach for Global Navigation Satellite System Spoofing Attack Detection in Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Dasgupta Sagar , Ghosh Tonmoy , Rahman Mizanur
Published: June 2022

A resilient positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) system is a necessity for the robust navigation of autonomous vehicles (AVs). A global navigation satellite system (GNSS) provides satellite-based PNT services. However, a spoofer can tamper the authentic GNSS signal and could transmit wrong position information to an AV. Therefore, an AV must have the capability of real-time detection of spoofing attacks related to PNT receivers, whereby it will help the end-user (the AV in this case) to navigate safely even if the GNSS is compromised. This paper aims to develop a deep reinforcement learning (RL)-based turn-by-turn spoofing attack detection method using low-cost in-vehicle sensor data. We have utilized the Honda Research Institute Driving Dataset to create attack and non-attack datasets to develop a deep RL model and have evaluated the performance of the deep RL-based attack detection model. We find that the accuracy of the deep RL model ranges from 99.99% to 100%, and the recall value is 100%. Furthermore, the precision ranges from 93.44% to 100%, and the f1 score ranges from 96.61% to 100%. Overall, the analyses reveal that the RL model is effective in turn-by-turn spoofing attack detection.
Comparison of Verbal Performance of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder on the WISC-V
Authors: Dale Brittany A. , Finch W. Holmes , Shellabarger Kassie A. R. , Davis Andrew
Published: June 2022

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) display variable verbal cognitive profiles despite a historical requirement for a language delay in autistic disorder. This study compared the Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI) to the newly created ancillary index score, the Verbal Expanded Crystallized Index (VECI) of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fifth Edition (WISC-V) in a group of children with ASD. Using the ASD sample from the standardization data of the WISC-V, results indicated the VCI and VECI were significantly different for the ASD group but not for the matched controls. Follow up analysis of the ASD group revealed the VCI and VECI were significantly different for those with language impairment but not for those without language impairment. Psychologists should consider administering all verbal subtests of the WISC-V to children with ASD given the VECI may better capture the language impairment seen in this population.
Perspectives on Everyday Urbanism: Evidence from an Abu Dhabi Neighborhood
Authors: Alawadi Khaled , Hashem Shefa , Maghelal Praveen
Published: June 2022

Everyday urbanism, a bottom-up planning approach, exemplifies the discourse in current planning practice through the lens of critical urbanism. This study uses morphological mapping, observation, and open- and closed-ended questionnaire responses to identify factors that facilitate everyday urbanism in a neighborhood in Abu Dhabi and offer an action plan for putting everyday urbanism into practice. Findings indicate that everyday urbanism is facilitated by both formal planning and bottom-up interventions. Planning education and practice should teach, train, and encourage people-centered planning in a context-sensitive way that adapts to the social and cultural needs of the community.
Early Impacts of COVID-19 on Select Hospices: Operations, Care Delivery, and Service Utilization
Authors: Shugarman Lisa R. , McMillan Lindsay , Mitchell Hayley , Shah Komal , Kirby Ted , McManus Richard , Woods Katherine , Landefeld Shannon L.
Published: June 2022

Objective

The COVID-19 public health emergency (PHE) has important implications for health care service delivery. Little is understood about how the PHE impacted community-based hospice providers and service delivery to hospice-eligible beneficiaries. The aim of this study was to describe hospice response to the PHE and correlated impacts on beneficiary receipt of hospice support services delivered to hospice-eligible beneficiaries participating in the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Medicare Care Choices Model (MCCM), a national model testing the provision of certain hospice-like supportive services with concurrent usual care among seriously ill, community-residing Medicare beneficiaries that have not elected to receive hospice care.

Methods

We employed descriptive analysis using concurrent qualitative and quantitative data sources, consisting of provider surveys, beneficiary-level encounter data submitted by hospices, and Medicare administrative claims describing beneficiary service utilization. The sample included both hospice providers (N = 82) and beneficiaries (N = 2294) voluntarily participating in MCCM.

Results

Nearly all participating MCCM hospices adopted operational changes to address their staff and beneficiaries’ safety during the COVID-19 PHE. We report changes to service delivery, including declines in total encounters as well as service modality, and the types of services provided.

Conclusions

While the analyses reported indicate that seriously ill Medicare beneficiaries participating in MCCM were directly impacted by the PHE, we are still unclear whether changes in the service modality and encounters by provider type and the decline in average service counts per beneficiary are driven more by hospices or by beneficiary decisions to minimize exposure. Future research should attempt to disentangle these factors.
Sexual Violence in Military Service Members/Veterans Individual and Interpersonal Outcomes Associated with Single and Multiple Exposures to Civilian and Military Sexual Violence
Authors: Blais Rebecca K. , Livingston Whitney S. , Barrett Tyson S. , Tannahill Hallie S.
Published: June 2022

Sexual harassment and violence is a grave public health concern and risk for revictimization increases following initial exposure. Studies of sexual revictimization in military samples are generally limited to women and are focused on rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with no examination of how revictimization relates to interpersonal outcomes, such as relationship or sexual satisfaction. The current study addressed these gaps in a sample of 833 women and 556 men service members/veterans. Self-reported outcomes of PTSD, depression, suicidal ideation, sexual function, and relationship satisfaction were compared across those reporting exposure to sexual harassment and violence before the military only (i.e., pre-military), during the military only (i.e., military sexual harassment and violence [MSV]), before and during the military (i.e., revictimization), and to no exposure. More than half of women (51.14%, n = 426) reported revictimization and only 5.79% ( n = 28) of men reported revictimization. Among women, those reporting MSV or revictimization tended to report higher PTSD, depression, and suicidal ideation relative to pre-military sexual violence and no sexual violence exposure. No interpersonal outcomes were significantly different among these sexual violence groups. Among men, revictimization was associated with higher PTSD, depression, and sexual compulsivity. PTSD and depression were also higher among those reporting MSV only. No effects were found for premilitary sexual trauma exposure only or relationship satisfaction for either group. Findings highlight the particularly bothersome nature of MSV, whether it occurred alone or in tandem with premilitary sexual violence. Findings also show unique gender differences across outcomes, suggesting interventions following sexual harassment and violence may differ for men and women.
Impact of Sexual Assault Survivor Identity on Patient Care in the Emergency Department
Authors: Chalmers Kristen , Parameswaran Ramya , Dussault Nicole , Farnan Jeanne , Oyola Sonia , Carter Keme
Published: June 2022

Interactions between emergency department (ED) staff and sexual assault (SA) survivors can be a source of retraumatization for survivors, increasing their risk of posttraumatic stress and decreasing utilization of longitudinal medical care. Little is known about nationwide trends in ED staff attitudes and behaviors toward survivors, including the impact of survivor identity. We conducted a survey to determine if survivor identity influenced ED staff behaviors. A nationwide survey of SA patient advocates was conducted between June and August 2021. Advocates are volunteers or staff dispatched from rape crisis centers to support survivors during ED care. Advocates participated in an online survey to determine the frequency of observing six potentially retraumatizing provider attitudes and behaviors. Adaptive questioning was used to explore the impact of survivor identity on each attitude or behavior and which identity groups were more likely to be affected. Three hundred fifteen advocates responded to the survey. Less than 10% indicated that ED staff often or always convey disbelief or blame to survivors. Almost 75% of advocates indicated that they often or always observe ED staff showing empathy to survivors. Disparities were found in provider attitudes. Over 75% of advocates observed that survivors’ mental health status or substance use impacted conveyed belief from providers. Patients who were intoxicated when assaulted, had psychiatric disorders, were Black, Hispanic/LatinX, or indigenous, or were not cis-females were more likely to experience disbelief. Patients who were white and/or cis-gender females were more likely to be pressured by ED staff to complete the forensic exam and/or report to the police. Our study documents disparities in ED staff behavior towards SA survivors according to survivor identity. Given that post-assault ED interactions are critical turning points in survivors’ future medical processes, disparities in ED care may be linked to larger disparities in healing from trauma.
A Rose is a Rose is a Rose: Reviewing Definitions for and Reimbursement for Health Promotion, Lifestyle Medicine, Behavioral Medicine, Preventive Medicine and Population Health
Authors: Terry Paul E.
Published: June 2022

How do the definitions between health promotion professions differ? Should the shift from using the term wellness to greater use of the well-being term challenge us to explain how our profession improves how people appraise their lives as a whole? After all, achieving well-being is a challenge as relevant to clergy, politicians, artists and entertainers as to health professionals. Successful organizations are keenly attentive to how they differentiate their services so as not to get lost in a sea of like competitors. The American College of Lifestyle Medicine has recently defined lifestyle medicine as a medical specialty delivered by certified clinicians. In contrast, the Society of Behavioral Medicine suggests that virtually any degree holder may be qualified to provide disease management and prevention services. If improved health is one of the surest ways to improve well-being, do we need to more clearly define the health promotion profession’s value proposition? How should definitions about differences between professions influence reimbursement differences between professions?
Experimental Investigation on Productivity Enhancement of a Solar Still Modified with the Evacuated Tube Heat Pipe using Paraffin Wax
Authors: R Vijay , Govindasamy Kumaresan , P Vijayakumar , Lazarus Godson Asirvatham
Published: June 2022

The current work involves experimental investigation on a conventional solar still to improve the productivity of fresh water by introducing the evacuated tube thermosyphon heat pipe. The evacuated tube thermosyphon acts as additional heat source to the solar still. The paraffin wax was utilized as latent heat storing medium, filled between the evacuated glass tube and thermosyphon heat pipe to escalate the fresh water productivity during off-sunshine hours. Two identical solar stills, one with three evacuated tube thermosyphon and another without it, were constructed and tested simultaneously. The solar radiation intensity, volume of fresh water produced, and temperature at various points such as basin water, glass cover, ambient and evaporator and condenser section of the heat pipe were measured. The utilization of evacuated tube heat pipe as an additional heat source increases heat input by 84.5%. The increase in heat input upsurges the gathering of fresh water by more than three times when compared to the conventional solar still. Accumulative fresh water productivity from the modified solar still was 215.7% higher than fresh water productivity from the conventional solar still. The modified solar still was capable to yield fresh water during no sunshine hours of evening as an effect of utilization of phase change material. The study suggests that direct coupling of the evacuated heat pipe to the solar still performs well in terms of fresh water yield and the same can be employed for household purpose.
Adaptive robust finite-time control for active suspension systems via disturbance observation
Authors: Song Dafeng , Yang Dongpo , Zeng Xiaohua , Zhang Xuanming
Published: June 2022

To improve the ride comfort of vehicles, active suspension control strategy has received widespread attention. Although based on the finite-time and sliding mode control (SMC) technology design scheme, the convergence problem has been solved, the controller chattering and the poor control effect in the face of random interference will definitely limit its application in practice. To address such limitation, considering the variety of driving conditions, based on finite-time and SMC technology, an Adaptive Finite-time High-order SMC Active Suspension control Systems via disturbance observation (AFHASS) is proposed. Firstly, to improve the ride comfort of vehicle, a quarter dynamic model is established for vehicle active suspension; Then, given the advantages of finite-time and SMC technology, an AFHASS method is designed, and based on the Lyapunov analysis function constructed, the stability of the presented AFHASS control strategy has been proved; Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed AFHASS algorithm is validated by performing simulation, and compared with the different methods. Taking the finite-time control algorithm as a benchmark, under the C grade road roughness, the root mean square of vertical displacement has been improved by 29% and the energy consumption has been improved by 8%. The results are presented and discussed to illustrate the advantage and effectiveness of the proposed AFHASS algorithm in terms of energy consumption, vertical performance and controller chattering.
A semi-analytical, numerical and experimental study on performance characteristics of a novel hybrid-rotor CVT magnetic gearbox
Authors: Tavakoli Gholamreza , Jabbari Ali , Sheykholeslami Mohammad Reza
Published: June 2022

With the development of hybrid electric vehicles and wind turbines, the demand for improved efficiency, increased maintenance life, increased reliability, reduced noise, and environmental considerations has increased. Meanwhile, magnetic gearboxes, in particular the technology of continuous variable transmission (CVT) systems, provide an opportunity to meet these needs. In this paper, while presenting four topologies of a novel coaxial hybrid-rotor CVT magnetic gearbox with a consequent-pole high-speed rotor, a simple precise semi-analytical model is presented based on the subdomain method for calculating the magnetic performance characteristics of the gearboxes. Magnetic equations have been rewritten in a pseudo-Cartesian coordinate system, and by applying the appropriate boundary conditions and interface conditions, the general solution and their coefficients have been extracted using the separation of the variables method. The performance characteristics of four studied gearboxes were compared semi-analytically and numerically. A prototype coaxial consequent-pole magnetic gearbox has been fabricated and the results of semi-analytical modeling have been compared with the results of numerical simulations and the experimental tests. The maximum error percentage of the results of numerical simulations and experimental tests is about three, which shows that the proposed semi-analytical model has a high accuracy. A comparison of magnetic torque, torque ripple and induced voltage is carried out between the investigated designs.
Analysis of churning losses distribution of hydraulic pump in engineering vehicles using MPS method
Authors: Wei Chunhui , Wu Wei , Gui Peng , Zou Tiangang , Yuan Shihua , Zhou Junjie
Published: June 2022

The power losses of the hydraulic pump in engineering vehicle include mechanical losses, churning losses, and volume losses. The proportion of churning losses to power losses increases markedly, with the continuous improvement of the rotating speed of the hydraulic pump. The churning losses of the hydraulic pump are calculated by moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method. It indicates that the inclination angle, speed, and oil content will significantly influence the churning losses. The churning torque and power losses of each rotating part increase with the pump speed. The churning losses of the cylinder block are the largest, followed by the retainer and slippers. The churning losses of pistons and shaft are small. With the decrease of oil volume, the churning losses decrease. With the decrease of the inclined angle of the swashplate, the total churning losses decreases. When the oil content is 70% of the full oil, the churning losses of the hydraulic pump is reduced by 57.4%. It provides guidance for the design of the hydraulic pump of high-power density for engineering vehicles and a new numerical calculation method for churning losses of the hydraulic pump.
Coordinated yaw stability control for extreme path tracking of 4WIDEVs based on predictive control
Authors: Lin Cheng , Liang Sheng , Gong Xinle , Wang Bowen
Published: June 2022

To improve safety and stability of four-wheel independent drive electric vehicles (4WIDEVs) in extreme path tracking maneuvers, a hierarchical yaw stability control scheme based on predictive control is proposed in this work. The upper-level stability control strategy coordinates active front steering (AFS) and direct yaw moment control (DYC), yielding desired front steering angle and longitudinal force of each tire. The control task is formulated into a finite horizon optimal control problem, which is solved by hybrid model predictive control (hMPC) algorithm. The lower-level slip ratio control strategy calculates and tracks the optimal longitudinal slip ratio of each tire for implementation of the longitudinal tire force distributions in a wide range of road friction coefficient. Based on a qualified piecewise affine (PWA) approximation of lateral tire force models, the stable regions of vehicle states under multiple varying inputs are obtained by analyzing trajectories of fixed points. Furthermore, the control modes of the upper-level control strategy with different control inputs and state constraints are determined by judging bifurcation point of system. Finally, the proposed control approach is verified and compared through the dSPACE-based hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) experiments. The results indicate that the proposed yaw stability control strategy can improve yaw stability performance and reduce the tracking error significantly in extreme situations.
The normalization of far-right populism and nativist authoritarianism: discursive practices in media, journalism and the wider public sphere/s
Authors: Krzyżanowski Michał , Ekström Mats
Published: June 2022

This article postulates broadening as well as deepening the agenda for critical research on the role of discursive practices in media, journalism and the wider public sphere/s in normalization of far-right populism and nativist authoritarianism. Our argument is that, on the rise since the early 2000s and especially from the 2010s onwards, authoritarian and nativist populism has posed some very significant challenges to contemporary media and journalism. This has made necessary the calls for in-depth, critical discussions about the norms and practices of journalism as well as for the systematic analyses of the sometimes obviously active role that news and opinion discourse have played in normalizing the nativist as well as radically-nationalist and authoritarian status quo. Through a set of empirically-based studies which outline how media carry as well as normalize far-right political and other discourse and ideology, but also how they become the tool and the target of far-right politics, we show that the entanglement between far-right ideas and actions on the one hand, and media and journalism on the other, has become ever stronger as well as ever more complex. At the same time, we also point to the practices in the wider public spheres where, inter alia, the pervasive presence of alternative far-right media and uncivil society and its news sources has posed wider and indeed numerous challenges. These have become evident in the ongoing radicalization of both online/offline media and journalism and of wider public opinion and imagination wherein the normalization of undermining of values and norms of liberal democracy has become increasingly prevalent and widespread.
Narrating the ‘new normal’ or pre-legitimising media control? COVID-19 and the discursive shifts in the far-right imaginary of ‘crisis’ as a normalisation strategy
Authors: Krzyżanowski Michał , Krzyżanowska Natalia
Published: June 2022

This article highlights how the recent discourse of ‘the new normal’ – re-initiated and widely used in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in national and international media and political discourse – marks the advent of a new approach to ‘crisis’ in the normalisation of far-right populist politics. Drawing on the example of the analysis of ‘policy communication’ genres pre-legitimising the Polish right-wing populist government’s recent actions aimed at curtailing media freedom and controlling opposition media, the article shows that, in the context of an undisputed crisis such as the recent pandemic, the right-wing populist imagination has gradually and strategically altered its usual, highly ambivalent approach to crisis. However, the latter’s new, (quasi) ‘factual’ imaginary has, as is shown, become a tool in the further escalation and normalisation of far-right political strategies and policies, especially with regard to new far right strategies of media control aimed at the systemic colonisation of the wider public sphere. Therein, as the article shows, far-right actors often resort to a very peculiar – and by now common – adoption of many pro-democratic arguments while ‘flipsiding’ them in favour of far-right arguments and pre-legitimising their own undemocratic politics of control and exclusion.
Extended grey wolf optimization–based adaptive fast nonsingular terminal sliding mode control of a robotic manipulator
Authors: Rezoug Amar , Iqbal Jamshed , Tadjine Mohamed
Published: June 2022

This article proposes a novel hybrid metaheuristic technique based on nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller, time delay estimation method, an extended grey wolf optimization algorithm and adaptive super twisting control law. The fast convergence is assured by nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller owing to its inherent nonlinear property and no prior knowledge of the robot dynamics is required due to time delay estimation. The proposed extended grey wolf optimization algorithm determines an optimal approximation of the inertial matrix of the robot. Moreover, adaptive super twisting control based on the Lyapunov approach overcomes the disturbances and compensate the higher dynamics not achievable by the time delay estimation method. First, the fast nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller relying on time delay estimation is designed and is combined with super twisting control for chattering attenuation. The constant gain matrix of the time delay is determined by the proposed extended grey wolf optimization algorithm. Second, an adaptive law based on Lyapunov stability theorem is designed for improving tracking performance in the presence of uncertainties and disturbances. The novelty of the proposed method lies in the adaptive law where the prior knowledge of parametric uncertainties and disturbances is not needed. Moreover, the constant gain matrix of time delay estimation method is obtained using the proposed algorithm. The control method has been tested in simulation on a 3-degrees of freedom robotic manipulator in trajectory tracking mode in the presence of control disturbances and uncertainties. The results obtained confirmed the effectiveness, robustness and the superior precision of the proposed control method compared to the classical ones.