bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of LEP gene polymorphism with biochemical parameters of lipid metabolism and milk productivity of Holstein cattle
Authors: Safina Natalia , Sharafutdinov Gazimzyan , Akhmetov Tahir , Ravilov Rustam , Vafin Fanil
Published: May 2021

The aim of the work was to study serum biochemical parameters and qualitative composition of milk of cows with various genotypes of the LEP gene. The research was conducted in 148 Holstein cow-heifers of Integrated Agricultural Production Centre “Stud farm named after Lenin” of the Atninsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan. Cattle genotyping was conducted by the AC-PCR method at the laboratory of the Department of Agrobiological Research of Tatar Research Institute of Agriculture of FRC KazanSC of RAS. The findings of allele and genotype calling of the LEP gene showed that the population under study is polymorphic and differs in genetic biodiversity. The study of serum biochemical parameters of experimental animals testified that the level of triglycerides, cholesterol and lipase is meaningfully lower in the blood of animals with the TT genotype. This indicates the rate of lipid metabolism in their body. During the analysis of milk productivity and parameters of the qualitative composition of milk, it was found that cow-heifers with the TT genotype of the LEP gene were superior to animals with other LEP gene genotypes in terms of milk yield for standard lactation (305 days), fat mass fraction, milk fat yield, milk fat and milk protein yield in total. Thus, it may be concluded that the TT genotype of the LEP gene has a positive effect on the economically important characters of cattle, which can be used in breeding in the future.
Drought resistance of apple tree and raspberry varieties and forms promising for the Crimea region
Authors: Arifova Z.I. , Chelebiev E.F. , Smykov A.V. , Khalilov E.S. , Uskov M.K.
Published: May 2021

The article presents the results of studying the water regime and drought resistance of varieties and breeding forms of apple tree and raspberry of domestic and foreign breeding of the collection of the FSBSI "NBS-NSC" in laboratory conditions using the method of leaf dehydration. The varieties of apple tree – Favorit and raspberry – Balsam released in the Crimea were taken as a control. Based on the performed studies, groups of promising varieties and breeding forms of apple tree (Valyuta, 12–14–78, 2–5–25–80, 2–11–7–80) and raspberry (Glen Ample, Gusar, Krepysh, 11/15) with a high level of water retention capacity and turgescence were identified. These varieties and forms are of interest for inclusion in the breeding process for drought resistance trait, and are also recommended for introduction into production in the arid conditions of the foothill zone of the Crimea.
Management of walnut genetic resources to improve the efficiency of the breeding process in the South of Russia
Authors: Balapanov Ilnur , Artykhova Larisa
Published: May 2021

Walnut is one of the main nut crops of world importance. Conservation and efficient use of genetic resources is one of the fundamental principles of breeding work. The most efficient way to work with genetic resources is to create core collections that include most of the genetic diversity with the least number of samples in the collection. There are several different approaches to the creation of core collections, differing in the criteria for the selection of characters and the number of samples in the collection. This article provides an overview of the most effective approaches to creating walnut core collections in southern Russia. Of course, both genetic and phenotypic diversity should be taken into account. Microsatellite markers or SNPs may be the most appropriate tools for assessing genetic diversity, depending on the objectives and sample sizes. The article also provides an overview of the most valuable traits from the point of view of walnut breeding in the North Caucasus.
Elite forms of willow-leafed pear Pyrus salicifolia Pall. in the steppe zone conditions of the Southern Urals as a seed rootstock for pear
Authors: Lokhova A.I. , Feshchenko E.M.
Published: May 2021

The article presents the results of studying the forms of the willow-leafed pear Pyrus salicifolia Pall. of second generation on winter resistance, drought resistance, trees condition, seed productivity. Research was carried out in 2018–2020 on the basis of the Orenburg branch of the Federal Research Center of Horticulture in accordance with standard methods. 2002 planting elite forms of P. salicifolia - 7–19, 7–21, 7–23, 7–24, 7–25, 7–26, 7–27, 7–28, 7-29 were studied. The aim of the research was to study adaptive potential with seed productivity and selection of P. salicifolia forms with the greatest severity of these traits for seed rootstocks use. Comprehensive study of seed productivity and indicators of climatic conditions adaptability allowed to establish that the forms 7-19, 7-24 and 7-29 were characterized by the best indicators, which can be recommended as pear seed rootstocks in the steppe zone conditions of the Southern Urals.
Potential of apple varieties of the Ural-Siberian and Far Eastern group for use in breeding for winter hardiness
Authors: Saveleva Natalya , Yushkov Andrey , Zemisov Alexander , Borzykh Nadezhda , Chivilev Vladislav
Published: May 2021

The gene pool of apple varieties of the Ural-Siberian and Far Eastern group has a valuable genetic potential especially in breeding for winter hardiness. Today, apple breeding research focused on winter hardiness using that varieties is limited. Using in hybridization gene pools created in harsh conditions of Siberia and the Far East will allow promoting the spread of apple culture to the north, which is mainly limited by frost resistance. Assessment of frost damage level of tissues and kidneys of apple shoots by -40°C temperature decrease was the principal goal of the work. According the national food and nutrition security policy, share of fruit production in the northern regions must be increased. In that case, ongoing scientific research has the defining value for these purposes. Different apple tree genotypes responses to low temperatures is highly individual and depends both of the degree or strength of frost and of the sensitivity of the plant itself. This complex interrelationship determinates the winter hardiness level under negative environmental conditions. 30 varieties of apple tree of the Ural-Siberian and Far Eastern groups were selected for study of frost resistance. Genotypes have a sufficient “margin of safety” for resistance to cause by frost damages.
Study of the water regime dynamics of cherry in the summer period
Authors: Ozherelieva Zoya , Lyakhova Anna
Published: May 2021

The research was carried out on the basis of the VNIISPK Laboratory of Fruit Plant Resistance Physiology in 2019-2020. The research object was the Novella cherry variety on the clonal rootstocks of the institute selection. The purpose of this research is to study the dynamics of the water regime of the Novella variety on clonal rootstocks and to identify the most adapted scion-rootstock cherry combinations. A strong relationship was determined between the cherry leaves hydration and the average daily air temperature (r = 0.99). During the ripening period of the fruits of the Novella variety scion-rootstock combinations, the maximum decrease in the total water in the leaves was recorded. The water content decreased as the age of the leaves increased. The decrease in water content in the Novella scion-rootstock combinations was accompanied by an increase in the dry matter content in the leaf tissues. There was a strong relationship between the dry matter accumulation in the leaves and the average daily air temperature (r = -0.99). The water deficit in the leaves depended on the hydrothermal regime of the summer period. Correlation (r = 0.76) between the leaves water deficit and the average daily air temperature, the amount of precipitation (r = -0.77) and the HTC (r = -0.83). The highest water deficiency indicator in leaves was found during shoots growth and formation of the leaf apparatus in the Novella variety on clonal rootstocks. The conducted studies allowed to identify adapted scion-rootstock combinations of Novella/Rubin, V-2-180, 74340, 74336, 74332, which, against the background of water content decrease and dry matter accumulation were characterized by the lowest water deficit of leaves in the summer.
Initial and post-cryogenic assessment of viability of russian plum cultivars pollen (Prunus rossica Erem.) in the conditions of the North-West of Russia
Authors: Radchenko O.E. , Erastenkova M.V. , Pavlov A.V. , Verzhuk V.G.
Published: May 2021

The viability of pollen of 5 collectible varieties of Russian plum of the Pushkinskiye and Pavlovskiye VIR Laboratories SPB before and after cryopreservation was studied. It was found that a significant factor for the level of pollen viability is “variety” (p=0.07), the factors “cryopreservation” (p=0.457), “year” (p=0.221), as well as the interaction of the factors “variety× cryopreservation” (p=0.172), were not significant at the p<0.05 level of significance. For long-term storage of Russian plum pollen in liquid nitrogen, the year of pollen collection is not a significant factor. For most genotypes, no negative impact of cryoсonservation on pollen viability was revealed. The varieties ‘Aureus’, 'Podarok Sankt-Peterburgu’ and ‘Exotica’ after cryopreservation for 1 year showed a tendency to increase the pollen viability indicators.
Species abundance distributions: investigation of adaptation mechanisms of plant communities
Authors: Ivanova Natalya , Petrova Irina
Published: May 2021

The adaptive capacity of ecosystems is a key to maintaining ecosystem functions and preserving biodiversity at all levels. The research was carried out in the western Southern Ural low-hill terrains (Russia). We analyzed distributions of above-ground biomass of herb layer species in the primary spruce, long-term secondary birch 20-35-year forests, stable-term secondary 20-year aspen forests. Species abundance distributions (SAD) analysis allowed us to study the species diversity and the species structure of communities, to understand the mechanism of adaptation of the plant community to disturbance and the role of species biodiversity in this process. It became clear that only with sufficient species diversity can SAD be maintained stable, and the adaptive potential and resistance of plant communities to external influences can be preserved. In General, the SAD analysis can be considered useful and informative for studying the adaptation of plant communities. In addition, it is universal and can be applied to any terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. SAD can also help in designing artificial plant communities with increased resilience and high ecosystem functions.
Ways to increase stress resistance of grapes in conditions of moisture deficit
Authors: Aleynikova Natalia , Galkina Yevgenia , Didenko Pavel , Zaripova Carina , Shaporenko Vladimir
Published: May 2021

For optimal conditions of grapevine development, a relatively uniform distribution of precipitation is needed during all phases of active plant growth. However, often there are dry periods in summer months in areas of unstable moistening. At the present time, in intensive technologies of grape cultivation, foliar treatments with agrochemicals are widely used to increase stress resistance of plants to moisture deficit with the goal to protect and increase cropping capacity and gain optimal conditions of viticultural products. Our research, carried out in the conditions of Crimea, have shown that using of the studied systems of mineral nutrition with micronutrient fertilizers of the Wuxal group in conditions of air and soil drought contributed to an increase in the average bunch weight by 17.4-51.9 g and an cropping capacity of grapes by 9.5-35, 3% (1-1.5 t / ha). It was experimentally proven that test treatments have led to a significant increase (by 4.7-15.5%) in the growth of green matter of bushes and in the structure index of table grape bunch by 19.1-37.8%. Against the background of using the studied systems of nutrition, an increase in the content of sugars and phenolic substances in the must of ‘Saperavi’ grape variety by 8.5% and 70.4%, respectively, was observed in comparison with the control.
Response of black currant plants to abnormalities in water and temperature regime 2020
Authors: Zhidyokhina Tatiana , Tsukanova Elena
Published: May 2021

The water-temperature regime features in the Central Chernozem region in 2020 were reviewed. The main deviations from the mean perennial values of air temperature and humidity, as well as the precipitation distribution in spring and summer were determined. It was revealed that the distinctive feature of the entire 2020 growing season was significant instability of weather conditions - dry periods with high air temperatures were followed by wet and cool periods. In addition, a high amplitude of the daily air temperature difference was noted, which was significantly exceeding the average perennial values. The phenotypic, biological and physiological responses of black currant plants to anomalies of the water-temperature regime were studied; in particular, monitoring of photosynthetic activity dynamics of black currant plants revealed differences in response depth to damaging effects of adverse weather, depending on the variety and age of the plants. It was found that in black currant plants older than 5 years, the reaction to temperature anomalies is weaker than in three-year-old’s. The reaction depth of phenological, biological and economic characteristics to the effect of water-temperature abnormalities firstly depends on the variety’s genotypic features.
Realization of genetic potential of fiber flax varieties under the influence of growth stimulators of organic origin
Authors: Shuvar Antin , Rudavska Natalia , Shuvar Ivan , Korpita Hanna
Published: May 2021

The scientific researches on the issue of improvement of separate elements of the technology of growing medium- and late-ripening varieties of long flax in the soil-climatic conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Western Ukraine are analyzed and generalized. The relevance and expediency of foliar application of growth stimulants of organic origin (biohumate, potassium humate, rocohumin) in the recommended doses at the early stages of flax culture development at different seeding rates are highlighted. The use of the recommended elements of cultivation technology allows to realize the genetic potential of varieties of selection of the Institute of Agriculture of the Carpathian region of NAAS of Ukraine and to obtain environmentally friendly products (seeds and fiber) for different uses.
Optimization of individual elements of clonal micro-propagation of fruit and berry crops in the production system of healthy planting material
Authors: Tashmatova L. V. , Matsneva O.V. , Khromova T. M. , Shakhov V. V.
Published: May 2021

Clonal micro-propagation is of particular importance in the transition to virus-free gardening. The problems of in vitro cultivation are closely related to mineral nutrition, presence of growth hormones and varietal features of plants. The purpose of the research was to study the patterns of responses of the studied genotypes of fruit and berry crops to the effect of various nutrient media. The objects of the study were varieties of garden strawberries, blackberries, pears and apple trees. Single shoots were planted on a modified medium of MS, Boxus, QL, B5, Pierik, Ly de Fossard, Fardzinova. The number of developed buds per explant, the height of micro-shoots, the general appearance and development of micro-plants were taken into account. It was found that exclusion of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and replacement of calcium chloride (CaCl2) with calcium nitrate (Ca (NO3)2) in the Boxus nutrient medium in strawberry provided obtaining optimally developed plants. For blackberries, the best results of proliferation and growth of shoots were obtained on the growing medium of Ly de Fossard, in pear varieties - on the Ly de Fossard medium. For most of the studied apple tree varieties, the most favorable medium was QL, containing 2.0 mg/l of 6-BAP.
Optimization of stages of clonal micropropagation of garden strawberry varieties Nelly and Kemiya breeding of NCFSCHVW
Authors: Karpushina M.V. , Vinter M.V.
Published: May 2021

The production of strawberry planting material using the method of clonal micropropagation of plants is promising, modern and already widely used. This paper presents the results of assessing the breeding potential of garden strawberry varieties Nelly and Kemiya (selection of FSBSI NCFSCHVW) in in vitro culture. Apexes from growing rosettes of strawberries served as the starting material for the initiation. The best survival rate of explants was noted during the initiation in the second decade of August, which were in Nelly variety - 90%, Kemiya - 83.3%. At the stage of proliferation, 6-Benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) was injected into the culture medium at various concentrations (0; 0.5; 1.0 and 1.5 mg / L). To increase the efficiency of micropropagation of strawberries Nelly and Kemiya varieties, it is advisable to add 6-BAP into the culture medium with the amount of 1.0 mg / l. In this variant, 10.6 shoots were formed in the explants in Nelly variety, 5.9 in Kemiya variety. With an increase of the concentration of 6-BAP to 1.5 mg / l, the number of vitrified shoots were raised. According to the results of three subcultures, it was noted that the Nelly variety has a higher reproduction potential compared to the Kemiya variety. At the stage of rhizogenesis, the addition of auxins to the medium was not required, since the roots of regenerated plants formed independently.
Assimilation surface and photosynthetic activity evaluation of winter wheat planting according to forecrops and mineral fertilizers
Authors: Gurin Aleksandr , Ignatova Galina , Stepanova Elena , Tarakin Aleksey , Velkova Natalya
Published: May 2021

The article shows the results of multi-year researches on the photosynthetic activity of winter wheat plantings according to forecrops and mineral fertilizers. The studies were performed in a two-factor experiment. Forecrops of winter wheat affected to the formation of the assimilation mechanism of plants. This influence can be seen in all phases of wheat growth. It was revealed that the best indicators were ensured by the planting of grain crops with seeding on green manure. For these variants, the leaf-area duration in the flowering phase was 42.6-49.7 thousand m2 / ha. The cultivation of bean cultures to grain was slightly lower in this indicator. The leaf area was 3.6-20.0% smaller depending on the cropping. The use of bean cultures as green manure crops led to an increase in the photosynthetic potential to 2449.1-2671.8 thousand m2/day / ha, which is 6.1-12.6% more than in the variants where bean cultures were grown to grain. The greatest photosynthetic potential was with the use of lupine to green manure. Application of mineral fertilizers also had a positive effect on the development of the assimilation mechanism. On complete fallow without mineral fertilizers, this indicator was 2325.7 thousand m2×day / ha, and when additional fertilizers were applied at a dose of N54P52K52, the photosynthetic capacity increased by 70.5 thousand m2×day/ha or by 30%. Following the green manure crops, the yield of winter wheat slightly outperformed the crop in the variants where bean cultures were grown to grain, both without fertilization and on the background of fertilizers. The application of mineral fertilizers promoted a greater increase in the yield, in contrast to the forecrop. With the use of mineral fertilizers, the yield increased by 11-12% in similar variants.
Use of different crop rotation models as a factor of agriculture biologization
Authors: Velkova Natalia , Bobkova Julia , Naumkin Vladimir
Published: May 2021

In recent years, more attention has been paid to the biologization of agriculture in the cultivation of agricultural crops. Despite the large variety of entomophilic plants in Russia, their distribution area is uneven. Their significant areas are concentrated in the European part, in intensive agriculture zone. At the same time, over 90% of wild honey plants, with a huge honey reserve, are located beyond the Urals, in Siberia, in the Far East. In such conditions, beekeepers in Central Russia must achieve high honey flows, mainly from agricultural entomophilic crops. The article discusses the issues of organizing a full-fledged feed base for beekeeping and provides various options for specialized crop rotations for beekeeping farmers' households. The organization of a full-fledged honey base for bees, through the rational use of different crop rotation models, in modern conditions will contribute to the sustainable development of beekeeping and crop production.The use in crop rotations of perennial grasses, good nectariferous plants, such as melilot, alfalfa, sainfoin, Eastern galega, is possible only in farms with animal husbandry. Such grasses are the best precursors in crop rotation and allow solving a complex of problems in the field of forage production, soil protection from erosion, and nitrogen enrichment.
The current state and biodiversity of steppe phytocenoses in the territory of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic
Authors: Tamakhina Aida Ya.
Published: May 2021

In connection with the importance of preserving and restoring steppe landscapes, the purpose of the study was to monitor the state and biodiversity of steppe phytocenoses in the territory of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. Geobotanical survey was carried out in the steppe and foothill zones of the republic in 2018-2020. According to the monitoring results, it was found that an increase in pasture digression correlates with a depletion of the floristic composition, a decrease in the projective cover, the height of the herbage and the productivity of aboveground phytomass, an increase in the level of synanthropization and a simplification of the vertical structure. With an increase in anthropogenic influence in plant communities, the level of synanthropization increases to 78.6%. The decrease in the projective cover in 1.5-3.3 is a consequence of the long and irrational use of pastures. As a result of intensive grazing, the productivity of the aboveground phytomass decreases by 9-12 times, and the height of the grass stand - by 2.5-5.0 times compared to the reference steppe phytocenoses. To preserve steppe phytocenoses, a set of measures is needed, including the ecologization of agriculture, the development of measures for the ecological restoration of disturbed steppe ecotopes, the prevention of negative phenomena of invasion, the creation of nurseries of steppe flora and steppe reserves, the inclusion of species that are in danger of complete extinction in the Red Book of the flora of Kabardino-Balkaria.
Ecological and biological characteristics of tree plantings of the Orel SAU arboretum
Authors: Parakhina E.A. , Silaeva Zh.G. , Kiseleva L.L. , Chaadaeva N.N. , Tyapkina A.P.
Published: May 2021

Arboretums are centers of introduction and study of woody plants’ ecological and biological characteristics, promising species identification for their subsequent introduction in landscape construction. The dendrological park has conducted studies of both wild and introduced species of woody plants, 117 species in total. The analysis of urban conditions stability and decorativeness of 117 woody plants’ species, including wild species, as well as systematic, biomorphological and chorologic analyses were performed. The article provides data on the degree of introduction and winter resistance of 96 trees and shrubs species. According to the results of the study, the list of the wood plants most successfully adapted to urbanized conditions for their further use in the cities of Central Russia considering their features in landscape design was composed.
Optimization of grape cultivation based on resource-saving elements of agricultural technology
Authors: Urdenko Natalia , Beibulatov Magomedsaigit , Tikhomirova Nadezhda , Buival Roman
Published: May 2021

The research on the development of resource-saving cultivation technologies of new for Crimea clones of wine grape varieties in comparison with traditional cultivation technologies of example varieties was carried out in order to ensure sustainable economic production of raw materials. As a result of the research, the economic efficiency of cultivation of three clones of wine grape varieties in the conditions of the South Coast zone of Crimea was assessed. The effect of varietal agricultural technology elements, aimed at increasing the yield and its quality parameters, profitability of production of raw materials as well as manual labor optimization was also evaluated. The results showed that spiral cordon AZOS-1 on ‘Aleatiko’ clone 802 with 18 eyes load and ‘Muscat Blanc’ clone VCR-3 with 26 eyes load and short pruning of fruit canes; unilateral horizontal cordon on ‘Muscat Blanc’ clone VCR-3 with load of 33 eyes and long pruning of fruit canes; bilateral horizontal cordon on the variety ‘Cabernet-Sauvignon’ clone R-5 with 36 eyes load and short and medium length of grape canes provide high values of embryonic productivity, shoot-forming capacity, high yield and base wines of high quality. The efficiency of developed elements of the technology of clones of wine grape varieties ranged from 95.5 to 181.7%. Using of AZOS-1 training and short pruning allows to reduce the cost of bush management, the effective time is 1.44 less.
Reduction of energy consumption and damage of tubers when digging potatoes
Authors: Shishlov S.A. , Chugaeva N.A. , Shishlov A.N.
Published: May 2021

The analysis of potato production in Primorsky Krai of the Russian Federation is given over the last five years. The practice of using existing digging working bodies of potato harvesters on heavy soils of Primorsky Krai showed that the digging process is energy-consuming and does not meet agrotechnical requirements for tubers’ damage. Long-term research and analysis of literary sources have shown that the greatest energy costs and significant tubers’ damage occur at the stage of share entering the soil and moving tuberiferous mass on the elevator. On the basis of the existing designs’ analysis of potato harvesters’ digging working bodies and conducted patent search, the original design of finger type share is proposed. The proposed design allows to reduce the unit’s draught resistance and reduce the amount of soil entering the elevator. Installation of the proposed working body will reduce energy costs, reduce tubers’ damage and improve the quality of soil cleaning from tubers’ surface . Based on the study results, patents for useful models confirming the technical novelty of the proposed design were obtained.
Evaluation of the influence of sowing time on yield and quality of the wheat grain using Multivariate dispersion analysis
Authors: Melnik A. F. , Shumetov V. G. , Kondrashin B. S. , Mikhaylov M. R.
Published: May 2021

The statistical analysis of the results of studies on the effect of sowing time on the yield and quality of winter wheat grains, from the perspective of multivariate variance analysis and multiple comparison of averages, is carried out in the article. It was found that the application of the procedure of a multivariate generalized linear model allows comparing the variants of experiments for all indicators in the aggregate. An important advantage of multiple comparisons over paired Student comparisons is also the ability to isolate homogeneous subgroups of experiments. In this study, post hoc comparisons according to the Tukey criterion were applied, the results of which are presented in tables of homogeneous experiment subgroups and multiple comparisons of indicators’ differences. The distribution of experiment variants by zones of desirability of Harrington functions of yield and generalized indicator of grain quality, depending on shift of sowing time is also presented. It is justified that the maxima of yield and quality of winter wheat grains provide a sowing period of 10 days later than previously recommended for the region. The use of multivariate dispersion analysis and multiple comparison of average increases the reliability of statistical conclusions, allows you to distinguish homogeneous versions of experiments in agricultural production.
Influence of polyethylene mulching film of different color and thickness on pine strawberry varieties’ yield
Authors: Kozlova Irina
Published: May 2021

Experiments were carried out in 2018-2020 in the FSBSI “FSC named after I. V. Michurin” (Michurinsk, Tambov region) to check the influence of polyethylene mulch of different colors and density on the yield of pine strawberry varieties (Fragaria x ananassa Duch). The experiment was established on the following rows mulching options with polyethylene film produced in Spain: 1. Black, 60 μm density (control); 2. Black, 30 μm density; 3. White on black, 30 μm density. Allocation is random. Number of plants per plot - 25. Plants of five varieties of pine strawberry were studied - ‘Vima Kimberly’ (control), ‘Alice’, ‘Malwina’, ‘Fliar’, ‘Fleurette’, which were planted by “frigo” seedlings with a diameter of up to 15 mm in rows of 80 cm width, 15 cm height, with a distance between two lines of 40cm and in a row - 30cm. The analysis of the experimental results showed that in each fruiting year the higher yield was obtained in the option with black polyethylene film and a density of 60 μm. Comparative assessment of the studied varieties showed that the reliably high yield was obtained from the ‘Fleurette’ variety by the years of the experiment: by 18.2%, 68.4% and 51.6% higher compared to Vima Kimberly variety. In the option with white on black 30 μm polyethylene film, 2 - 6 days later onset of the ripening phenophase timing compared to the control was noted, which is due to a lower soil temperature under mulching materials during the development of plants.
The calculation of phenotypic and genetic parameters for milk urea concentration in Holstein breeds
Authors: Budimir Draženko , Mijić Pero , Gantner Vesna
Published: May 2021

Heritability (0.08) was evaluated in a model whereas the comparable group was used the interaction between the herd and the control day. The influence of the herd was used as a comparable group and heritability (0.03). The interaction between herds and years of testing was used as a comparable group (0.04 and 0.05). Heritability (0.08) was evaluated in a model a comparable group was used the interaction between the herd and the control day. Phenotypic correlations between milk urea concentration and milking traits: daily quantity of milk, and the content of fat and proteins (P <0.0001). Positive and low phenotypic correlation (0.15) was found between the milk urea concentration and daily milk yield, between the urea concentration and the daily amount of fat (0.10). Between the urea concentration and milk fat content coefficient was (-0.05), between urea concentration and protein content (0.03).
Prolonging the productive use period cows guarantee a reduction in the cost of milk
Authors: Askarov A.A. , Askarova A.A.
Published: May 2021

In the article using correlation and regression analysis, it is shown what a negative impact on the indicators of the economic efficiency of dairy cattle breeding has an unreasonable transition to more intensive technologies of industry, resulting in a loss of the existing competitive advantages of the industry and a significant increase in the cost of products. The situation can be corrected if less costly traditional technology based on the highest possible use of natural feed grounds in pasture-stall or stall-pasture contents in the milk cattle breeding. As a result, the duration of the use of cows will increase before reaching the greatest productivity, the possibility of breeding is improved, which in turn guarantees an increase in milk productivity in the herd, reducing the costs of reproduction of a productive herd and a decrease in production costs. The purpose of our study is to show the leaders of agrarian formations of economic consequences of changing the terms of the productive use of cows, relying on which they could conduct targeted work on the cheaper production and the increase in the competitiveness of milk and other cattle breeding.
Moist wound healing after mast cell tumor surgical removal in a dog
Authors: Semenov Boris , Nazarova Anna , Kuznetsova Tatiana , Sergeeva Maria , Kozitcyna Anna
Published: May 2021

Study of various wound healing methods is a relevant issue of modern veterinary medicine. One of the investigated methods of wound healing is moist wound healing in a hydrated environment using hydrogel patches. In described clinical case, an eight-year-old female American Pit Bull Terrier was subjected to mast cell tumor surgical removal on the left hindlimb. During the patient postoperative treatment, Sorbalgon®, Hydrocoll® and HydroClean® dressings were used to protect the surgical site and maintain high moist environment in the wound. The dressings absorbed wound exudate and stimulated both the surgical site cleansing and the granulation tissue formation, made it possible to heal large wound on the limb without the keloid scar development.
Simulation of choroidal neovascularization in rabbits using indirect transpupillary laser coagulation
Authors: Prudnikova E.V. , Katelnikova A.E. , Ustenko Zh. Yu.
Published: May 2021

Objective: to identify the applicability of indirect transpupillary laser coagulation (ITLC) for modeling choroidal neovascularization (CN) in rabbits and its optimal parameters.

Materials and methods: 12 rabbits, divided into 2 equal groups, were subjected to single- and double-sided ITLC, respectively, using a laser device with a wavelength of 810 nm (using different powers), an indirect ophthalmoscope and a lens. The time spent on coagulation, ophthalmoscopic signs on the 1st, 8th, 15th, 22nd and 29th days of the study, the severity of CN (histological and immunohistochemical (IHC) studies), body weight and general condition of the animals were also evaluated. Results: in all cases, it was possible to apply the coagulants using ITLC. During ophthalmoscopy, peripheral vascularization was detected on the 8th-29th day. Histological and IHC studies revealed significant tissue damage at a power of 700, 1000 mW, as well as signs of CN when using a power of 500 mW on the 15th day of the study.

Conclusion: ITLC is a safe method and can be used to simulate CN in rabbits at a power of no more than 500 mW.
Ultrastructural characteristics of the anterior pituitary gland of cattle in the definitive period of postnatal ontogenesis
Authors: Khasaev A.N. , Dzhambulatov Z.M. , Zubairova M.M. , Astarkhanov F.G. , Gadzhiev N.M.
Published: May 2021

Today much attention is paid to the study of the pituitary ultrastructure of laboratory animals and humans. But there is not enough available literature to study the most important organ of internal secretion of productive animal. The aim of our work is to study the structure of the ultrastructure of cells of the anterior pituitary gland of cattle in the definitive period of postnatal ontogenesis. Histological, morphometric, and electron microscopic techniques were used to study the cellular composition of the anterior pituitary gland of cattle. It was revealed that the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland occupies 64 % of the entire pituitary parenchyma, while the posterior and middle lobes occupy 27% and 9%, respectively. After using general histological methods there are detected the functionally inactive chromophobes (41%) and chromophilic cells, which include acidophils (38%) and basophils (21%) in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. The electron microscopic studies in the parenchyma of the anterior pituitary gland let find Somatotropes that differ in the presence of a large number of secretory granules in the cytoplasm. Lactotropes are less common than somatotropes and differ from them in larger secretory granules. Corticotropes, gonadotropes and thyrotropes with a minimum content of secretory granules are the least detected. All identified endocrine cells are at different stages of functional activity.
Features of the thyroid gland morphology of some representatives of the Cervidae family, living in the Altai
Authors: Maltseva O.E. , Ovcharenko N.D. , Semenikhina N.M. , Gribanova O.G. , Pleshakova I.N.
Published: May 2021

The authors studied the morphofunctional (anatomical and histological) features of the thyroid gland of dapple deer, maral, moose and roe deer. During the macroscopic examination of the organ, the number of lobes, the presence of an isthmus, the length, width and thickness of the lobes, and the weight of the gland were determined. During histological examination, morphometric parameters were evaluated, such as: diameter of the follicles, height of the thyrocytes, volume of the thyrocyte nuclei, and the Brown index was calculated. In all animals, the thyroid gland consisted of two lobes without an isthmus. It differs between species in the shape, size, and thickness of the lobes. The gland weight correlates with the size of the animals. Morphological differences between species consist in the heterogeneity of the location of follicles of different diameters in relation to each other. In the dapple deer, large-diameter follicles are located in the center of the organ, and smaller-diameter follicles are located both in the center and on the periphery. In roe deer, the gland follicles are almost identical in shape and size, that is, they are of the same type. The gland has a similar morphological structure in maral and moose. The colloid of the follicles has a homogeneous consistency, it is compacted and intensively stained with hematoxyl-eosin, resorption vesicles are in small quantities.
Features of the reparative chondrogenesis course in induced joint cartilage defect and application of cartilage protector
Authors: Slesarenko N.A. , Borhunova E.N. , Shirokova E.O. , Ivantsov V.A. , Kuznetsov T. Yu.
Published: May 2021

The article reflects information on morphological features of joint cartilage in normal and at induced damage. In animals of the experimental group, the effect of “Stop Arthritis” preparation on the structural and functional cartilage state in the regenerative process dynamics was evaluated. The research was performed based on the Department of Anatomy and Histology of Animals named after Professor A.F. Klimov MSAVMIB — MVA named after K.I. Skryabin. Gonarthrosis modeling was performed on 13 clinically healthy rabbits of Chinchilla breed at the age of 5 months, on which surgical intervention was carried out to create a bilateral articular cartilage defect in the kneecap unit region by excising a fragment of articular cartilage to the subchondral bone. As a result of the studies it was revealed that spontaneous articular cartilage healing after a surgical trauma occurs with the participation of connective tissue pannus, which is obviously formed both on the side of the articular capsule and the subchondral bone. In this case, healing is accompanied by subchondral osteoporosis, as well as the development of deforming arthrosis in the kneecap block area. It was shown that the use of “Stop Arthritis” cartilage protector optimizes reparative chondro- and osteogenesis in damaged tissues of the knee joint, which is confirmed by the formation of a holistic articular coating with organ-specific zonal differentiation.
The relationship between snp-polymorphisms of the leptin gene and the development of fatty liver disease in dairy cows
Authors: Kovalyuk Natalia V. , Kuzminova Elena V. , Semenenko Marina P. , Abramov Andrey A. , Yakusheva Ludmila I.
Published: May 2021

This article shows the results of studies in the course of which in a comparative aspect the LEP polymorphism was studied in subpopulations of Holstein dairy cattle in cows with fatty hepatosis and in healthy animals. This is the first time such studies are being conducted. In this case, a hepothesis about the relationship of genetic markers, in particular the leptin gene, with the risk of developing and progression of fatty liver disease in a model of dairy cows when determining the frequency of occurrence of genotypes with LEP polymorphisms in groups of animals with hepatosis and healthy animals was studied. The aim of the research was to establish the possible influence of the genotype at the leptin locus (polymorphisms Y7F, A80V, R25C) on the frequency of occurrence of fatty hepatosis in dairy cows. In the course of studies on the A80V, R25C, Y7F loci of the leptin gene, 180 cows were genotyped, where 80 animals were diagnosed with fatty hepatosis and 100 animals were healthy. In the group of healthy Holstein cows, compared with the group of animals with pathology, the RC genotypes (R25C polymorphism) were significantly more frequent, the frequency of the CC genotype (R25C polymorphism), on the contrary, was much higher in the group of animals with fatty hepatosis. Similar trends were noted for another polymorphism (A80V).
The effect of tobacco Hawkmoth caterpillar extract (Manduca sexta) on the growth and stress resistance of young animals
Authors: Khudyakova Nina , Uschakov Evgeniy , Belial Eva , Antonova Liubov
Published: May 2021

Article deals with the problem of reducing the level of stress and improving the growth and development of young animals during weaning from a nursing female. For this purpose, it is proposed to use an extract of larvae of tobacco hawkmoth (Manduca sexta), containing ecdysone and juvenile hormone. We studied the anxiety of animals in the experimental setup of the light-dark test. Authors conclude that the extract of tobacco hawk moth caterpillars reduces the anxiety of animals. This is manifested by an increase in the latency of entering the dark compartment of the light-dark dough, an increase in the time spent in the light compartment and a decrease in the number of boluses of the litter. It is possible to explain the large increase in body weight of experimental animals in comparison with the animals of the control group by reducing the level of stress and the anabolic effect of caterpillar extract.
Socio-economic factors in stimulating agriculture in a crisis
Authors: Namitulina Anzhela , Gorlov Viktor , Soklakova Irina , Kuzmina Elena , Ermilina Diana
Published: May 2021

Agriculture faces a series of challenges, i.e. guaranteeing national food security, increasing farmer’s income and reducing the adverse effects on environment and human health associated with the use of fertilizers and biocides. At the same time, the availability of resources (e.g. agricultural land) decreases. The objective of this study in this article is to operationalize a methodology to assess the effectiveness of new crop and livestock technologies in attaining rural development goals. Cropping systems, quantified in terms of inputs and outputs, are used as the smallest unit of analysis in this study. A land use model, based on linear programming techniques, is used to assess the contribution of alternative cropping systems to rural development goals. Results of this study contribute to the formulation of agricultural policies and a research agenda aiming at stimulating rural development.
Services of non-profit organisations in sustainable development and economic security of rural areas
Authors: Dvoryadkina Elena , Prostova Dina , Eliseeva Alexandra
Published: May 2021

The paper studies the problems of non-profit organisations and their provision of social services in the processes of sustainable development and economic security of rural areas. The methodological basis of the research includes the theoretical positions of regional typology, sustainable development, regional and spatial economics, as well as approaches to the study of the effectiveness of non-profit organisations. The functioning of non-profit organisations, as well as the demand for social services, is revealed by using a combination of methods: dialectical, causal and ranking values of statistical indicators. The problems of rural development in agrarian-industrial regions are highlighted and the participation of non-profit organisations in solving these problems is substantiated. The authors emphasise the need to apply the mechanisms of programme-targeted management of rural development in the context of sustainable development processes and economic security.
Assessment of food security in the region in the context of the development of the agro-industrial complex (on the example of the Sverdlovsk region)
Authors: Pestryakov Aleksey , Reutova Ekaterina , Sbrodova Nadezhda , Titovets Alisa
Published: May 2021

Ensuring food security and promoting agricultural development are included in the priority goals of sustainable development until 2030. The structural complexity and multidimensionality of food security in the region requires a clear methodology for its assessment. The article provides an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of existing methods for assessing the food security of a region in the Russian Federation. The authors proposed a methodology for assessing the food security of a region, which makes it possible to translate the qualitative characteristics of indicators into a unified quantitative characteristic, by considering three possible options for interpreting the indicators. This makes it possible to form a final aggregate assessment of the level of food security in the region and track it in dynamics through the prism of the development of the agro-industrial complex.
The Analysis of Biocatalytic Properties of a Proteolytic Enzyme under the Influence of Physical Factors
Authors: Brashko Ivan , Tretyakova Irina , Tikhonov Sergey , Tikhonova Natalya , Lazarev Vladimir
Published: May 2021

Due to the relevance of biotechnological methods application in the meat processing industry, consisting in the reuse of collagen-containing raw materials, as well as the use of enzymes and enzyme preparations to improve quality and extend the shelf life, which is confirmed by the research results conducted in the field of food biotechnology, the purpose of the work was formulated. It consists in studying the changes in the biocatalytic activity of the collagenase enzyme after treatment with a blue light spectrum. In the course of the work, it was revealed that the activity of the collagenase enzyme, which was treated with a blue light spectrum, has a wider optimum pH in comparison with the control samples. Treatment of the solution with blue light collagenase with a luminous flux of 35 µW / cm2 for 1 hour increases the optimum biocatalytic activity of the enzyme, which is confirmed by studies conducted in two alternative methods (according to Anson and Telishevskaya). The experimental data showed that the activity of the collagenase enzyme in the experimental samples increases from 10 to 20 % under the influence of table salt in concentrations up to 3.5% compared to the control group.
Sustainable development of agriculture in a large industrial region
Authors: Ilukhin Aleksey , Ilukhina Svetlana
Published: May 2021

The study provides an assessment of the state and prospects of sustainable agriculture in a large industrial region, which is the Sverdlovsk region, as the basis for its sustainable development in the new economic realities generated by the global pandemic of 2020 associated with the threats of COVID-19. The hypothesis of the study is the assumption that the sustainable development of agriculture in the region in the new conditions is provided by the accumulated economic potential in the conditions of the coronacrisis contradictions trigger. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive assessment of the real potential and level of food supply in the Sverdlovsk region, which is provided by agricultural producers, based on the analysis of their numerical composition, geographical location and the allocation of the structural orientation of their activities, the dynamics of its development in the context of new strategic challenges. An economic and statistical study of the agricultural sector of the economy of a large industrial region, the Sverdlovsk region, was conducted. To ensure representativeness, 143 agricultural producers were studied and the existing enterprises of the Sverdlovsk region were grouped as of 01.09.2020.