bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and properties of polyamides from 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid
Authors: Cousin Thibault , Galy Jocelyne , Rousseau Alain , Dupuy Jérôme
Published: October 2017

The aim of this study is to investigate the synthesis of 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA)‐based copolyamides. Indeed, FDCA monomer may be a potential bio‐based alternative to phthalic acids. A series of polyamides and copolyamides, PA 6‐I(x)/6‐F(y), are synthesized in a pilot scale reactor by melt polycondensation of salts based on FDCA, isophthalic acid (IPA), and 1,6‐hexamethylenediamine. The chemical structure and composition of the resulting copolymers are extensively characterized by NMR (1H, 13C, and 2D), MALDI‐TOF as well as size exclusion chromatography and solution viscosimetry. Their thermal properties are studied by differential scanning calorimetry and TGA and also by a molecular modeling technique. It is pointed out that, during the synthesis, FDCA‐rich polymers overcome a massive decarboxylation of FDCA, preventing the production of high molar mass polymers. It is also found that all polymers are amorphous and that the glass transition temperatures decrease as the amount of FDCA in the polymer increases. This is confirmed by the results from molecular dynamics. In addition, it is observed that the copolymers become more hygroscopic when the amount of FDCA in the copolyamides increases. However, the water uptake of PA 6‐I(x)/6‐F(y) with 90 > x > 50 is lower than those of PA6 and PA 66 polyamides. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45901.
Understanding the Antibody Repertoire in Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Mader Simone , Jeganathan Venkatesh , Arinuma Yoshiyuki , Fujieda Yuichiro , Dujmovic Irena , Drulovic Jelena , Shimizu Yuka , Sakuma Yuko , Stern Joel N. H. , Aranow Cynthia , Mackay Meggan , Yasuda Shinsuke , Atsumi Tatsuya , Hirohata Shunsei , Diamond Betty
Published: October 2017

Objective

IgG anti‐DWEYS antibodies cross‐reactive with DNA and the N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor subunits GluN2A and GluN2B are known to be associated with neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE). IgG anti‐DWEYS have not been investigated in demyelinating NPSLE or in another demyelinating disorder, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), which is a disease also found mainly in young women and associated with aquaporin 4 (AQP‐4) or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies. This study was undertaken to investigate the frequency of all of these brain‐reactive antibodies in patients with NPSLE, those with demyelinating NPSLE, and those with NMOSD.

Methods

Serum samples from patients with NPSLE (n = 108), patients with SLE without neuropsychiatric manifestations (n = 38), patients with NMOSD (n = 33), and healthy controls (n = 106) were assessed for the frequency of IgG anti‐brain antibodies as well as IgG antibodies to AQP‐4, MOG, GluN2A/GluN2B, and double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA).

Results

Sera were positive for IgG anti–AQP‐4 antibodies in 27 (82%) of 33 patients with NMOSD and 3 (27%) of 11 patients with demyelinating NPSLE, whereas all sera from patients with non‐demyelinating NPSLE, patients with SLE, and healthy controls were negative for IgG anti–AQP‐4. IgG anti‐MOG were detected at high titers in 3 (50%) of 6 patients with NMOSD who were negative for IgG anti–AQP‐4, and at low titers in 2 (18%) of 11 patients with demyelinating NPSLE and 1 (1%) of 97 patients with non‐demyelinating NPSLE. IgG antibodies to dsDNA were present in 11 (33%) of 33 patients with NMOSD. Only 4 (12%) of 33 patients with NMOSD were positive for IgG anti‐DWEYS, compared to 11 (29%) of 38 patients with SLE and 59 (55%) of 108 patients with NPSLE. IgG anti‐DWEYS antibodies were present in 56 (58%) of 97 patients with non‐demyelinating NPSLE and 3 (27%) of 11 patients with demyelinating NPSLE. Serum IgG brain‐reactive antibodies were present at a similar frequency in patients with non‐demyelinating NPSLE (72 [75%] of 96), those with demyelinating NPSLE (9 [82%] of 11), and those with SLE (32 [84%] of 38), but were less frequent in patients with NMOSD (20 [61%] of 33).

Conclusion

Patients with demyelinating NPSLE should be tested for IgG antibodies to AQP‐4, MOG, and DWEYS. IgG anti–AQP‐4 can be considered diagnostic for NMOSD, whereas none of these antibodies appear to be diagnostic for demyelinating NPSLE. Moreover, IgG anti‐dsDNA are present in patients with NMOSD but are not cross‐reactive with IgG anti‐DWEYS, indicating that the antigenic stimulus and mechanisms of tissue damage are potentially different between demyelinating NPSLE and NMOSD.
Controllable Activation of Pd‐G3 Palladacycle Precatalyst in the Presence of Thiosugars: Rapid Access to 1‐Aminobiphenyl Thioglycoside Atropoisomers at Room Temperature
Authors: AL‐Shuaeeb Riyadh Ahmed Atto , Dejean Camille , Alami Mouâd , Messaoudi Samir
Published: October 2017

A controllable method for the functionalization of XantPhos Pd‐G3 precatalyst with thiosugars and thiols has been established. Under mild and operationally simple reaction conditions through just mixing of precatalyst and thiosugars (α‐ or β‐mono‐, di‐ and poly‐thiosugar derivatives) in water at 25 °C for 20 min, a series of 1‐aminobiphenyl thioglycosides that are difficult to synthesize by classical methods has been synthesized in very high yields.
L1‐Gain Analysis and Control for Switched Positive Systems with Dwell Time Constraint
Authors: Shen Jian , Wang Weiqun
Published: October 2017

This paper studies the problems of L1‐gain analysis and control for switched positive systems with dwell time constraint. The state‐dependent switching satisfies a minimal dwell time constraint to avoid possible arbitrary fast switching. By constructing multiple linear co‐positive Lyapunov functions, sufficient conditions of stability and L1‐gain property are derived under the proposed switching strategy. Then, an effective state feedback controller is designed to ensure the positivity and L1‐gain property of the closed‐loop system. Finally, a simulation example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Two‐stage orthogonality based estimation for semiparametric varying‐coefficient models and its applications in analyzing AIDS data
Authors: Zhao Yan‐Yong , Lin Jin‐Guan , Ye Xu‐Guo , Wang Hong‐Xia , Huang Xing‐Fang
Published: October 2017

Semiparametric smoothing methods are usually used to model longitudinal data, and the interest is to improve efficiency for regression coefficients. This paper is concerned with the estimation in semiparametric varying‐coefficient models (SVCMs) for longitudinal data. By the orthogonal projection method, local linear technique, quasi‐score estimation, and quasi‐maximum likelihood estimation, we propose a two‐stage orthogonality‐based method to estimate parameter vector, coefficient function vector, and covariance function. The developed procedures can be implemented separately and the resulting estimators do not affect each other. Under some mild conditions, asymptotic properties of the resulting estimators are established explicitly. In particular, the asymptotic behavior of the estimator of coefficient function vector at the boundaries is examined. Further, the finite sample performance of the proposed procedures is assessed by Monte Carlo simulation experiments. Finally, the proposed methodology is illustrated with an analysis of an acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) dataset.
Common oral complications of head and neck cancer radiation therapy: mucositis, infections, saliva change, fibrosis, sensory dysfunctions, dental caries, periodontal disease, and osteoradionecrosis
Authors: Sroussi Herve Y , Epstein Joel B. , Bensadoun Rene‐Jean , Saunders Deborah P. , Lalla Rajesh V. , Migliorati Cesar A. , Heaivilin Natalie , Zumsteg Zachary S.
Published: October 2017

Patients undergoing radiation therapy for the head and neck are susceptible to a significant and often abrupt deterioration in their oral health. The oral morbidities of radiation therapy include but are not limited to an increased susceptibility to dental caries and periodontal disease. They also include profound and often permanent functional and sensory changes involving the oral soft tissue. These changes range from oral mucositis experienced during and soon after treatment, mucosal opportunistic infections, neurosensory disorders, and tissue fibrosis. Many of the oral soft tissue changes following radiation therapy are difficult challenges to the patients and their caregivers and require life‐long strategies to alleviate their deleterious effect on basic life functions and on the quality of life. We discuss the presentation, prognosis, and management strategies of the dental structure and oral soft tissue morbidities resulting from the administration of therapeutic radiation in head and neck patient. A case for a collaborative and integrated multidisciplinary approach to the management of these patients is made, with specific recommendation to include knowledgeable and experienced oral health care professionals in the treatment team.
HER2 exon 27 mutations predict worse survival of breast cancer patients, especially in HER2‐negative patients
Authors: Si Pilei , Chen Tao , Fang Bin , Yao Jiabing , Liu Gaoxiu , Chen Haijun , Zhai Baoping , Li Wentao
Published: October 2017

The aims of this study were to assess the prognostic value of the HER2 exon 27 mutations in breast cancer patients. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes, and then HER2 exon 27 mutations were detected by direct sequencing. Survival curves were estimated by Kaplan–Meier curves and the differences between the curves were compared by log‐rank tests. A total cohort of 892 female patients with operable primary breast cancer was included in this study. The median follow‐up was 47 months. Of these 892 patients, 3.7% (33/892) had HER2 exon 27 mutations. Patients with the HER2 exon 27 mutations had a significant worse recurrence‐free survival (RFS, unadjusted hazard ratio [HR] 2.42; 95% CI: 1.05–5.58; P = 0.032) and distant recurrence‐free survival (DRFS, unadjusted HR 2.81; 95% CI: 1.21–6.50; P = 0.012) than the patients with the wild‐type exon 27. Among the 673 patients with negative HER2 expression, 24 mutants were found. Patients with the HER2 mutations showed a worse RFS (unadjusted HR 5.08; 95% CI: 2.14–12.02; P < 0.001) and DRFS (unadjusted HR 5.62; 95% CI: 2.36–13.40; P < 0.001) than those patients with the wild‐type exon 27. Furthermore, the mutations remained as unfavorable independent predictors for RFS and DRFS. Breast cancer patients with HER2 exon 27 mutations have a worse survival, especially in HER2‐negative patients. HER2‐negative patients with HER2 exon 27 mutations are potential subgroup of breast cancer patients benefiting from HER2‐targeted therapy in future.
Empathy leads to increased online charitable behaviour when time is the currency
Authors: Farrelly Daniel , Bennett Michael
Published: October 2017

This study shows how the empathy–altruism hypothesis can affect helping behaviour where time spent is the currency, through the novel use of a real world charity. Using an online charity task (www.freerice.com), we show that inducing empathy and also anger cause participants to spend more time donating rice to the United Nations World Food Programme. These findings therefore support the empathy–altruism hypothesis and add to previous research that have mainly used artificial and/or hypothetical scenarios by further showing that its effects can be applied to real world scenarios where helping behaviours are beneficial.
Multiple large osteolytic lesions in a patient with systemic mastocytosis: a challenging diagnosis
Authors: Bonifacio Massimiliano , Zanotti Roberta , Guardalben Emanuele , Mimiola Elda , Scognamiglio Francesca , Perbellini Omar , De Matteis Giovanna , Escribano Luis , Bonadonna Patrizia , Grigolato Daniela , Bissoli Sergio , Parisi Alice , Zamò Alberto , Ambrosetti Achille , Rossini Maurizio
Published: October 2017

Key Clinical Message

Patients with advanced variants of Systemic Mastocytosis may develop destructive bone lesions when massive mast cell (MC) infiltrates are present. Finding of large osteolyses in indolent systemic mastocytosis, typically characterized by low MC burden, should prompt investigations for an alternative explanation.
Hydrocracking of Fischer‐Tropsch Wax with Tungstovanadophosphoric Salts as Catalysts
Authors: Rausch Peter , Jess Andreas , Kern Christoph , Korth Wolfgang , Kraft Nannette
Published: October 2017

The synthesis of liquid hydrocarbons from CO2 and H2, based on renewable energy and H2O electrolysis, respectively, in a power‐to‐liquid process is a promising concept for the substitution of fossil fuels. Such a process is based on Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis followed by hydrocracking to convert waxy products into transportation fuels such as gasoline and diesel oil. Heteropolyacid cesium salts as catalysts show appropriate activity for hydrocracking, and the selectivity in cracking model hydrocarbons and Fischer‐Tropsch wax can be tuned by the vanadium content of the catalyst. Thermal stability and surface properties were investigated, and the catalysts are compared with a classical H‐Y‐type zeolite used for hydrocracking.
On the Effect of Silicon Substitution in Na3V2(PO4)3 on the Electrochemical Behavior as Cathode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Aragón María J. , Lavela Pedro , Ortiz Gregorio F. , Alcántara Ricardo , Tirado José L.
Published: October 2017

A new Na3+xV2(PO4)3−x(SiO4)x (0≤x≤0.5) series is examined as the positive electrodes for sodium‐ion cells. The substitution of P by Si is evidenced by an increase in the lattice parameters and a significant modification of the particle morphology. These structural and morphological changes significantly affect the electrochemical performance. Thus, samples with low Si contents reveal better rate capabilities and cyclabilities than the Si‐free sample. A full ion cell assembled with a selected sample provides an energy density of 342 W h kg−1 after 140 cycles, demonstrating that Si doping on Na3V2(PO4)3 could be an interesting strategy for high‐performance Na‐ion cells.
A Versatile Synthesis of Pentacosafuranoside Subunit Reminiscent of Mycobacterial Arabinogalactan Employing One Strategic Glycosidation Protocol
Authors: Pasari Sandip , Manmode Sujit , Walke Gulab , Hotha Srinivas
Published: October 2017

Oligosaccharides are involved in a myriad of biological phenomena. Many glycobiological experiments can be undertaken if homogenous and well‐defined oligosaccharides are accessible. Mycobacterial cell walls contain arabinogalactan as one of the major constituents that is challenging for chemical synthesis. Therefore, the major aim of this investigation is to synthesise a major oligosaccharide portion of the arabinogalactan. The pentacosafuranoside (25mer) synthesis involved installation of several arabinofuranosidic linkages through neighbouring group participation for 1,2‐trans linkages and oxidation‐reduction strategy for the 1,2‐cis Araf. A strategically placed n‐pentenyl moiety at the reducing end enables ligation of biomolecular probes through celebrated cross metathesis or thiol‐ene click reactions. Several linear and branched oligosaccharides were synthesised ranging from trisaccharide to pentadecasaccharide during this endeavour. Synthesis of pentacosasaccharide was accomplished in 77 steps with 0.0012 % overall yield. These oligosaccharides are envisioned to be excellent probes for understanding disease biology thereby facilitating discovery of novel antitubercular agents, vaccines and/or diagnostics.
Cyclic Hydroxamic Acid Analogues of Bacterial Siderophores as Iron‐Complexing Agents prepared through the Castagnoli–Cushman Reaction of Unprotected Oximes
Authors: Bakulina Olga , Bannykh Anton , Dar'in Dmitry , Krasavin Mikhail
Published: October 2017

The first application of multicomponent chemistry (the Castagnoli–Cushman reaction) toward the convenient one‐step preparation of cyclic hydroxamic acids is described. Cyclic hydroxamic acids are close analogues of bacterial siderophores (iron‐binding compounds) and form stable complexes with Fe3+ ions as confirmed by spectrophotometric measurements. These compounds are potential components for the design of chelating agents for iron overload disease therapy, as well as siderophore‐based carrier systems for antibiotic delivery across the bacterial cell wall.
[Co2@Ge16]4−: Localized versus Delocalized Bonding in Two Isomeric Intermetalloid Clusters
Authors: Liu Chao , Popov Ivan A. , Li Lei‐Jiao , Li Ning , Boldyrev Alexander I. , Sun Zhong‐Ming
Published: October 2017

We report the successful isolation and structural elucidation of two bimetallic doped [Co2@Ge16]4− clusters (α and β form), which were synthesized through the reaction of [{(ArN)2CtBu}Co(η6‐toluene)] (Ar=2,6‐diisopropylphenyl) and K4Ge9 in ethylenediamine (en) solution and co‐crystallized together in [K(2,2,2‐crypt)]4[Co2@Ge16]⋅en. The α‐[Co2@Ge16]4− isomer prefers a distinct D2h 3‐connected architecture, whereas the deltahedral isomeric β‐[Co2@Ge16]4− isomer adopts a quasi‐C2h geometry and can be seen as coupling of two distorted arachno‐[Co@Ge10] units. Chemical bonding analyses indicate that the skeleton of the α isomer is mainly composed of localized bonds, whereas only multicenter bonding interactions govern the geometry of the β isomer, which was further found to exhibit a fluxional behavior. The coexistence of both isomers within one unit cell links the 3‐connected clusters with their deltahedral congeners, thus highlighting the structural and electronic flexibility of such discreet cluster systems.
Identification and Optimization of 4‐Anilinoquinolines as Inhibitors of Cyclin G Associated Kinase
Authors: Asquith Christopher R. M. , Laitinen Tuomo , Bennett James M. , Godoi Paulo H. , East Michael P. , Tizzard Graham J. , Graves Lee M. , Johnson Gary L. , Dornsife Ronna E. , Wells Carrow I. , Elkins Jonathan M. , Willson Timothy M. , Zuercher William J.
Published: October 2017

4‐Anilinoquinolines were identified as potent and narrow‐spectrum inhibitors of the cyclin G associated kinase (GAK), an important regulator of viral and bacterial entry into host cells. Optimization of the 4‐anilino group and the 6,7‐quinoline substituents produced GAK inhibitors with nanomolar activity, over 50 000‐fold selectivity relative to other members of the numb‐associated kinase (NAK) subfamily, and a compound (6,7‐dimethoxy‐N‐(3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenyl)quinolin‐4‐amine; 49) with a narrow‐spectrum kinome profile. These compounds may be useful tools to explore the therapeutic potential of GAK in prevention of a broad range of infectious and systemic diseases.
Human papillomavirus and World Health Organization type III nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Multicenter study from an endemic area in Southern China
Authors: Huang Wen Bo , Chan Jimmy Yu Wai , Liu Da Lie
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND

The current study was conducted to study the incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)‐associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in Southern China and the corresponding treatment outcome.

METHODS

A retrospective chart review with a level of evidence of 4 was performed.

RESULTS

Between 2000 and 2015, a total of 1328 patients with NPC were treated in 3 study institutes in Hong Kong and Foshan City in Guangdong Province, China. All tumors were undifferentiated, nonkeratinizing carcinoma, of which 91.9% were positive for the Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV+) and 7.7% were positive for HPV/p16 (HPV+). Although coinfection with both viruses occurred only in 8 patients (0.6%), 94 patients had tumors that were EBV negative (EBV‐) and HPV+. All patients were treated with intensity‐modulated radiotherapy alone for American Joint Committee on Cancer stage I and II disease, and concurrent chemoradiotherapy for stage III and IV disease. With a median follow‐up of 72.8 months, the authors found that the local recurrence rate was significantly lower for patients with tumors that were EBV‐/HPV+ compared with patients with tumors that were EBV+/HPV‐ (6.4% vs 13.8%; P = .03). Similar trends were observed for the 5‐year disease‐free survival rate (89.8% vs 70.8%; P =.03) and 5‐year overall survival rate (86% vs 72%; P =.03).

CONCLUSIONS

In regions that are endemic for NPC, the prevalence of EBV and HPV coinfection in patients with NPC is extremely low. Conversely, patients with EBV‐/HPV+ NPC demonstrate significantly better local tumor control and survival after radiotherapy. Cancer 2018;124:530‐6. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Effect of hospital safety net designation on treatment use and survival in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Mokdad Ali A. , Murphy Caitlin C. , Pruitt Sandi L. , Mansour John C. , Marrero Jorge A. , Singal Amit G. , Yopp Adam C.
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND

Racial/ethnic minorities with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have worse survival than non‐Hispanic whites. Comparing patient outcomes across health care delivery systems can identify biological and care delivery mechanisms contributing to this disparity. We compared presentation, treatment, and survival of HCC patients treated at safety net hospitals (SNHs) and non‐SNHs.

METHODS

Patients diagnosed with HCC from 2001 to 2012 were identified in the Texas Cancer Registry. We compared hospital and patient characteristics across three hospital categories: non‐SNHs, low‐proportion SNHs (l‐SNHs), and high‐proportion SNHs (h‐SNHs). Covariate‐adjusted treatment use and overall survival were compared among the 3 hospital categories.

RESULTS

Despite comprising only 23% of hospitals, h‐SNHs cared for 42% of 17,489 HCC patients and disproportionately delivered care to racial/ethnic minorities and patients of low socioeconomic status compared with non‐SNHs. Compared with non‐SNHs, treatment use was similar at l‐SNHs (45% vs 45%; adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.89‐1.06) but significantly lower at h‐SNHs (32% vs 45%; OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.57‐0.73). Similarly, patients with localized HCC were less likely to undergo curative treatment at h‐SNHs than non‐SNHs (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.40‐0.66). Compared with non‐SNHs, overall survival was similar at l‐SNHs (hazard ratio [HR], 0.93; 95% CI, 0.89‐0.98) but significantly worse at h‐SNHs (HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.22‐1.39).

CONCLUSION

Patients at SNHs are less likely to undergo HCC treatment, even when diagnosed at an early stage, which likely contributes to worse survival. System‐level differences in care delivery may partly explain racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in HCC prognosis. Cancer 2018;124:743‐51. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Improving the accrual of racial and ethnic minority patients in clinical trials: Time to raise the stakes
Authors: Ibraheem Abiola , Polite Blase
Published: October 2017

Despite decades of attention and study, racial and ethnic minority accrual to clinical trials remains poor. Serious efforts are needed to incentivize providers to enroll patients and clinical trial sponsors to target enrollment for underrepresented groups.
PROMIS measures can be used to assess symptoms and function in long‐term hematopoietic cell transplantation survivors
Authors: Shaw Bronwen E. , Syrjala Karen L. , Onstad Lynn E. , Chow Eric J. , Flowers Mary E. , Jim Heather , Baker K. Scott , Buckley Sarah , Fairclough Diane L. , Horowitz Mary M. , Lee Stephanie J.
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND

Patient‐reported outcomes for hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) survivors are well characterized with established measures; however, there is little experience with the new, freely available Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) measures in this population. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of the PROMIS measures in the HCT setting with the performance of the commonly used 36‐Item Short Form Health Survey (SF‐36).

METHODS

Adult HCT survivors from the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (n = 4446) were mailed a survey that included the following as part of an annual follow‐up survey: the Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System–Global Health (PROMIS‐GH; 10 questions), the 29‐Item Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Profile (PROMIS‐29), and the SF‐36.

RESULTS

Both the SF‐36 and PROMIS measures were available for 1634 HCT recipients (503 autologous recipients and 1131 allogeneic recipients). The overall response rate was 46%. The median time after transplantation for allogeneic and autologous recipients was 12.0 years (range, 0.4‐44.1 years) and 6.1 years (range, 0.4‐30.1 years), respectively. With the SF‐36 or PROMIS‐GH, overall physical functioning was somewhat lower in comparison with the general population, but mental functioning was similar. Component and domain scores with similar contents were strongly correlated by Pearson correlation coefficients: the Global Health–Physical and SF‐36 Physical Component Summary scores for autologous (r = 0.82) and allogeneic recipients (r = 0.83) and the PROMIS‐29 and SF‐36 physical function, pain, and vitality/fatigue scores for allogeneic (0.87, –0.82, and –0.82, respectively) and autologous recipients (0.84, –0.82, and –0.81, respectively). The correlation between the Global Health–Mental and SF‐36 Mental Component Summary scores was lower (0.70 for autologous recipients and 0.72 for allogeneic recipients).

CONCLUSIONS

Physical and mental symptoms and function in autologous and allogeneic HCT survivors can be adequately assessed with PROMIS‐29 and PROMIS‐GH. Cancer 2018;124:841‐9. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Social cytopathology: Building a stronger cytopathology community through social media
Authors: Fuller Maren Y. , Gardner Jerad M. , Jiang Xiaoyin Sara
Published: October 2017

Social media use can enhance education, networking, and collaboration in cytopathology. It can increase the impact of cytopathologists and elevate the understanding of cytopathology specifically and pathology in general among patients, colleagues, and the general public.
Numerical methods for polyline‐to‐point‐cloud registration with applications to patient‐specific stent reconstruction
Authors: Lin Claire Yilin , Veneziani Alessandro , Ruthotto Lars
Published: October 2017

We present novel numerical methods for polyline‐to‐point‐cloud registration and their application to patient‐specific modeling of deployed coronary artery stents from image data. Patient‐specific coronary stent reconstruction is an important challenge in computational hemodynamics and relevant to the design and improvement of the prostheses. It is an invaluable tool in large‐scale clinical trials that computationally investigate the effect of new generations of stents on hemodynamics and eventually tissue remodeling. Given a point cloud of strut positions, which can be extracted from images, our stent reconstruction method aims at finding a geometrical transformation that aligns a model of the undeployed stent to the point cloud. Mathematically, we describe the undeployed stent as a polyline, which is a piecewise linear object defined by its vertices and edges. We formulate the nonlinear registration as an optimization problem whose objective function consists of a similarity measure, quantifying the distance between the polyline and the point cloud, and a regularization functional, penalizing undesired transformations. Using projections of points onto the polyline structure, we derive novel distance measures. Our formulation supports most commonly used transformation models including very flexible nonlinear deformations. We also propose 2 regularization approaches ensuring the smoothness of the estimated nonlinear transformation. We demonstrate the potential of our methods using an academic 2D example and a real‐life 3D bioabsorbable stent reconstruction problem. Our results show that the registration problem can be solved to sufficient accuracy within seconds using only a few number of Gauss‐Newton iterations.
Antituberculosis Drug‐Induced Adverse Events in the Liver, Kidneys, and Blood: Clinical Profiles and Pharmacogenetic Predictors
Authors: Hu Xuejiao , Zhang Mei , Bai Hao , Wu Lijuan , Chen Yanqing , Ding Liu , Zhao Zhenzhen , Peng Wu , Liu Tangyuheng , Song Jiajia , Li Yinyu , Lu Xiaojun , Chen Xuerong , Zhou Yanhong , Ying Binwu
Published: October 2017

Antituberculosis drug‐induced adverse drug reactions (ATD‐ADRs) are increasing globally, and it is key to identify candidate ATD‐ADRs loci for clinical management. We prospectively enrolled 1,235 highly suspicious tuberculosis (TB) inpatients to investigate the profiles and genetic risk factors of ATD‐ADRs in the liver, kidneys, and blood. Overall, 644 subjects were eligible and genotyped for seven polymorphisms in drug‐metabolizing enzymes and transporter genes. Clinical follow‐up and blood analysis were performed regularly. We found that a notable rate of ATD‐ADRs (incidence: 16.5%, drug intervention rate: 10.4%), mainly involving hepatotoxicity (10.6%) and leukopenia (3.3%) in western China. CYP2D6 rs1135840 and NUDT15 rs116855232 increased the risks of hepatotoxicity and leukopenia with an odds ratio of 2.52 and 4.97, respectively. Both variants showed excellent negative predictive values (93.7% and 98.1%, respectively) but moderate sensitivities (72.7% and 52.4%, respectively). These data provide new insight into ATD‐ADRs in the Chinese population and may offer future leads for diagnosis and treatment.
Natural‐Product‐Derived Carbon Dots: From Natural Products to Functional Materials
Authors: Zhang Xinyue , Jiang Mingyue , Niu Na , Chen Zhijun , Li Shujun , Liu Shouxin , Li Jian
Published: October 2017

Nature provides an almost limitless supply of sources that inspire scientists to develop new materials with novel applications and less of an environmental impact. Recently, much attention has been focused on preparing natural‐product‐derived carbon dots (NCDs), because natural products have several advantages. First, natural products are renewable and have good biocompatibility. Second, natural products contain heteroatoms, which facilitate the fabrication of heteroatom‐doped NCDs without the addition of an external heteroatom source. Finally, some natural products can be used to prepare NCDs in ways that are very green and simple relative to traditional methods for the preparation of carbon dots from man‐made carbon sources. NCDs have shown tremendous potential in many fields, including biosensing, bioimaging, optoelectronics, and photocatalysis. This Review addresses recent progress in the synthesis, properties, and applications of NCDs. The challenges and future direction of research on NCD‐based materials in this booming field are also discussed.
Full‐wave analysis of traveling pulses developed in a system of transmission lines with regularly spaced resonant‐tunneling diodes
Authors: Narahara Koichi , Maezawa Koichi
Published: October 2017

In a system of transmission lines with regularly spaced resonant‐tunneling diodes (RTDs), where several straight RTD lines are connected halfway to a closed RTD line, a pulse‐shaped rotary traveling wave develops on the closed line by mutual synchronization of the oscillatory edge developed in each straight RTD line. The oscillating edge on each straight line is synchronized with the traveling pulse, such that the system has the potential to generate multiphase oscillatory signals in millimeter‐wave frequencies. To examine the dynamics of traveling pulses at such high frequencies, the system is modeled in the framework of the finite‐difference time‐domain method. It is found that a traveling pulse develops in the closed RTD line synchronized with the oscillatory edges moving in the straight lines, assuming a microstrip structure for each RTD line. We then compare the results of the finite‐difference time‐domain calculation with those predicted by the transmission line theory with parameter values obtained by the quasi‐transverse electromagnetic estimation. In addition, the RTD line that compactly confines the electromagnetic fields is shown to have the potential to generate multiphase oscillatory signals at submillimeter‐wave frequencies.
The presence of F cells with a fetal phenotype in adults with hemoglobinopathies limits the utility of flow cytometry for quantitation of fetomaternal hemorrhage
Authors: Othman Jad , Orellana Daniel , Chen Lin Selina , Russell Megan , Khoo Teh‐Liane
Published: October 2017

Background

Detection and quantitation of fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH) can be difficult in patients with pre‐existing elevations of HbF, such as those with hemoglobinopathies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of dual‐color flow cytometry with the Fetal Cell Count Kit (FCCK) in differentiating adult and fetal HbF in this population, as compared to flow cytometry (FC) using HbF alone.

Methods

Peripheral blood was obtained from normal adults and patients with hemoglobinopathies (β‐thalassemia and sickle cell disease), including a small number of pregnant females. Cord blood was used to spike some samples with 5% fetal cells. Analysis by single color (HbF) and dual‐color (HbF and carbonic anhydrase) FC was performed on these samples. Fetal cells were defined as those with high HbF fluorescence on single‐color FC, and those that were HbF + CA− using the FCCK. The quantity of fetal cells detected by each technique was compared.

Results

Forty‐six adult patients were included. In non‐pregnant adults with hemoglobinopathies, a population of red cells with a fetal cell phenotype were detected by both techniques. The dual‐color method reported lower quantities of these cells. In nineteen samples spiked with cord blood the FCCK consistently underestimated the quantity of fetal cells.

Conclusions

Patients with β‐thalassemia and sickle cell disease have a population of HbF‐containing cells which are phenotypically similar to fetal cells. Even with dual‐color flow cytometry (FCCK), the detection and quantification of FMH by flow cytometry in this population remains difficult. © 2017 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Behavioral flexibility in learning to sit
Authors: Rachwani Jaya , Soska Kasey C. , Adolph Karen E.
Published: October 2017

What do infants learn when they learn to sit upright? We tested behavioral flexibility in learning to sit—the ability to adapt posture to changes in the environment—in 6‐ to 9‐month‐old infants sitting on forward and backward slopes. Infants began with slant at 0°; then slant increased in 2° increments until infants lost balance. Infants kept balance on impressively steep slopes, especially in the forward direction, despite the unexpected movements of the apparatus. Between slant adjustments while the slope was stationary, infants adapted posture to the direction and degree of slant by leaning backward on forward slopes and forward on backward slopes. Postural adaptations were nearly optimal for backward slopes. Sitting experience predicted greater postural adaptations and increased ability to keep balance on steeper changes of slant, but only for forward slopes. We suggest that behavioral flexibility is integral to learning to sit and increases with sitting experience.
Vigilance for threat accounts for inter‐individual variation in physiological responses to adversity in rhesus macaques: A cognition × environment approach
Authors: Mandalaywala Tara M. , Petrullo Lauren A. , Parker Karen J. , Maestripieri Dario , Higham James P.
Published: October 2017

Early life adversity (ELA) can lead to poor health later in life. However, there is significant variation in outcomes, with some individuals displaying resilience even in the face of adversity. Using longitudinal data collected from free‐ranging rhesus macaques between birth and 3 years, we examined whether individual variation in vigilance for threat, an early emerging attentional bias, can account for variation in long‐term outcomes between individuals reared in similar environments. We found that ELA and vigilance during infancy interact to predict physiological dysregulation in Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) and Hypothalamic‐Pituitary‐Adrenal (HPA) stress responses during juvenility. During high stress periods, High ELA juveniles with high vigilance exhibit less asymmetry than High ELA juveniles with low vigilance. This suggests that although increased vigilance is viewed as a negative consequence of ELA, it might also be a mechanism by which vulnerable individuals proactively buffer themselves from negative outcomes in unstable or threatening environments.
Rapid extirpation of a North American frog coincides with an increase in fungal pathogen prevalence: Historical analysis and implications for reintroduction
Authors: Adams Andrea J. , Pessier Allan P. , Briggs Cheryl J.
Published: October 2017

As extinctions continue across the globe, conservation biologists are turning to species reintroduction programs as one optimistic tool for addressing the biodiversity crisis. For repatriation to become a viable strategy, fundamental prerequisites include determining the causes of declines and assessing whether the causes persist in the environment. Invasive species—especially pathogens—are an increasingly significant factor contributing to biodiversity loss. We hypothesized thatBatrachochytrium dendrobatidis(Bd), the causative agent of the deadly amphibian disease chytridiomycosis, was important in the rapid (<10 years) localized extirpation of a North American frog (Rana boylii) and that Bd remains widespread among extant amphibians in the region of extirpation. We used an interdisciplinary approach, combining interviews with herpetological experts, analysis of archived field notes and museum specimen collections, and field sampling of the extant amphibian assemblage to examine (1) historical relative abundance ofR. boylii; (2) potential causes ofR. boyliideclines; and (3) historical and contemporary prevalence of Bd. We found thatR. boyliiwere relatively abundant prior to their rapid extirpation, and an increase in Bd prevalence coincided withR. boyliideclines during a time of rapid change in the region, wherein backcountry recreation, urban development, and the amphibian pet trade were all on the rise. In addition, extreme flooding during the winter of 1969 coincided with localized extirpations inR. boyliipopulations observed by interview respondents. We conclude that Bd likely played an important role in the rapid extirpation ofR. boyliifrom southern California and that multiple natural and anthropogenic factors may have worked in concert to make this possible in a relatively short period of time. This study emphasizes the importance of recognizing historical ecological contexts in making future management and reintroduction decisions.
Plant community composition and species richness in the High Arctic tundra: From the present to the future
Authors: Nabe‐Nielsen Jacob , Normand Signe , Hui Francis K. C. , Stewart Lærke , Bay Christian , Nabe‐Nielsen Louise I. , Schmidt Niels Martin
Published: October 2017

Arctic plant communities are altered by climate changes. The magnitude of these alterations depends on whether species distributions are determined by macroclimatic conditions, by factors related to local topography, or by biotic interactions. Our current understanding of the relative importance of these conditions is limited due to the scarcity of studies, especially in the High Arctic. We investigated variations in vascular plant community composition and species richness based on 288 plots distributed on three sites along a coast‐inland gradient in Northeast Greenland using a stratified random design. We used an information theoretic approach to determine whether variations in species richness were best explained by macroclimate, by factors related to local topography (including soil water) or by plant‐plant interactions. Latent variable models were used to explain patterns in plant community composition. Species richness was mainly determined by variations in soil water content, which explained 35% of the variation, and to a minor degree by other variables related to topography. Species richness was not directly related to macroclimate. Latent variable models showed that 23.0% of the variation in community composition was explained by variables related to topography, while distance to the inland ice explained an additional 6.4 %. This indicates that some species are associated with environmental conditions found in only some parts of the coast–inland gradient. Inclusion of macroclimatic variation increased the model's explanatory power by 4.2%. Our results suggest that the main impact of climate changes in the High Arctic will be mediated by their influence on local soil water conditions. Increasing temperatures are likely to cause higher evaporation rates and alter the distribution of late‐melting snow patches. This will have little impact on landscape‐scale diversity if plants are able to redistribute locally to remain in areas with sufficient soil water.
Taking movement data to new depths: Inferring prey availability and patch profitability from seabird foraging behavior
Authors: Chimienti Marianna , Cornulier Thomas , Owen Ellie , Bolton Mark , Davies Ian M. , Travis Justin M. J. , Scott Beth E.
Published: October 2017

Detailed information acquired using tracking technology has the potential to provide accurate pictures of the types of movements and behaviors performed by animals. To date, such data have not been widely exploited to provide inferred information about the foraging habitat. We collected data using multiple sensors (GPS, time depth recorders, and accelerometers) from two species of diving seabirds, razorbills (Alca torda, N = 5, from Fair Isle, UK) and common guillemots (Uria aalge, N = 2 from Fair Isle and N = 2 from Colonsay, UK). We used a clustering algorithm to identify pursuit and catching events and the time spent pursuing and catching underwater, which we then used as indicators for inferring prey encounters throughout the water column and responses to changes in prey availability of the areas visited at two levels: individual dives and groups of dives. For each individual dive (N = 661 for guillemots, 6214 for razorbills), we modeled the number of pursuit and catching events, in relation to dive depth, duration, and type of dive performed (benthic vs. pelagic). For groups of dives (N = 58 for guillemots, 156 for razorbills), we modeled the total time spent pursuing and catching in relation to time spent underwater. Razorbills performed only pelagic dives, most likely exploiting prey available at shallow depths as indicated by the vertical distribution of pursuit and catching events. In contrast, guillemots were more flexible in their behavior, switching between benthic and pelagic dives. Capture attempt rates indicated that they were exploiting deep prey aggregations. The study highlights how novel analysis of movement data can give new insights into how animals exploit food patches, offering a unique opportunity to comprehend the behavioral ecology behind different movement patterns and understand how animals might respond to changes in prey distributions.
Understanding predation risk and individual variation in risk avoidance for threatened boreal caribou
Authors: Mumma Matthew A. , Gillingham Michael P. , Johnson Chris J. , Parker Katherine L.
Published: October 2017

Predation risk is a driver of species’ distributions. Animals can increase risk avoidance in response to fluctuations in predation risk, but questions remain regarding individual variability and the capacity to respond to changes in spatial risk across human‐altered landscapes. In northeast British Columbia, Canada, boreal caribou populations declined as roads and seismic lines have increased, which are theorized to increase gray wolf predation. Our goal was to model risk and to evaluate individual variability and the development of risk perception by examining individual risk avoidance in response to reproductive status and age. We used locations from collared caribou and wolves to identify landscape features associated with the risk of a potential wolf‐caribou encounter and risk of being killed given an encounter. We built resource selection functions to estimate individual responses to risk. We used general linear regressions to evaluate individual risk and linear feature avoidance as a function of age and reproductive status (calf or no calf). Linear features increased the risk of encounter. Older caribou and caribou with calves demonstrated stronger avoidance of the risk of encounter and roads, but weaker avoidance in late summer to the risk of being killed relative to younger and calf‐less individuals. Mechanisms explaining the inverse relationships between the risk of encounter and risk of being killed are uncertain, but it is conceivable that caribou learn to avoid the risk of encounter and roads. Responses by females with vulnerable calves to the risk of encounter and risk of being killed might be explained by a trade‐off between these two risk types and a prioritization on the risk of encounter. Despite the capacity to alter their responses to risk, the global decline in Rangifer populations (caribou and wild reindeer) suggests these behaviors are insufficient to mitigate the impacts of anthropogenic disturbances.
1,8‐Bis(borylamido)naphthalene Complexes of Lithium and Zinc(II) Including a Zinc(II) Isocyanide Adduct
Authors: Wang Guocang , Dias H. V. Rasika
Published: October 2017

The zinc coordination chemistry of a useful metal ion chelator, bis(borylamido)naphthalene ligand [1,8‐C10H6(NBNL)2]2–, which has two borylamido groups on a rigid naphthalene backbone, is presented. Deprotonation of N1,N8‐di(9‐bora‐bicyclo[3.3.1]nonan‐9‐yl)naphthalene‐1,8‐diamine, [1,8‐C10H6(NBNL)2]H2 (3) with two equivalents of nBuLi in Et2O afforded the lithium derivative, Li2(Et2O)2[1,8‐C10H6(NBNL)2] (4). Metathesis reaction of Li2(Et2O)2[1,8‐C10H6(NBNL)2] with (tBu2bipy)ZnCl2 (tBu2bipy = 4,4′‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine) in a 1:1 molar ratio gave [1,8‐C10H6(NBNL)2]Zn(tBu2bipy) (5), which features an all‐nitrogen coordination sphere at zinc. The reaction of 4 with ZnCl2, however, produced [1,8‐C10H6(NBNL)2]Zn(Et2O)(µ‐Cl)Li(Et2O)3 (6), which retains one of the chlorides as ClLi(Et2O)3 on zinc. Treatment of 6 with tBu2bipy or two equivalents of 2,6‐dimethylphenyl isocyanide completes the salt elimination and led to [1,8‐C10H6(NBNL)2]Zn(tBu2bipy) (5) or [1,8‐C10H6(NBNL)2]Zn(CNC6H3‐2,6‐Me2)2 (7), respectively. Compounds 3–7 have been characterized by several analytical methods including X‐ray crystallography. The zinc atoms of 5–7 are four‐coordinate and adopt a distorted tetrahedral geometry. The ν(NC) bands of 7 in the IR spectrum have been observed at 2203 and 2187 cm–1.