bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How and Why Macrophages are Connected with the Parkinson’s Disease: A Short Review to Develop a Therapeutic Strategy for PD
Authors: Chakraborty Ashok
Published: October 2022

Chronic neuro-inflammation cause the neural cell death including dopaminergic cells and ultimate results Parkinson’s disease (PD). In an MPTP-induced PD animal model an increased peripheral pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages (M1- MFs) were found. Polarization of this M1-type of MFs to anti-inflammatory M2-type revealed a potential therapeutic benefit for PD patients. Here we highlight the concept of MFs re-education as a method of PD therapies, and how we can deploy our knowledge to find out therapeutic regimen for PD treatment.
On the exclusively borderline case-marking in Ainu
Authors: Bugaeva Anna
Published: October 2022

This paper argues that the system of marking case relations in Ainu represents a typical example of borderline case-marking since arguments are unmarked and it is difficult to distinguish case markers from adverbs. For instance, dative, instrumental, comitative, and other cases are marked by postpositional adverbs, which can occur without respective NPs and some can even take indexing. It is shown that such an unusual zero anaphora-like behavior of adverbial “case” postpositions can be explained by their relatedness to respective transitive verbs out of which they have not yet fully grammaticalized. I adduce a tentative hypothesis that case-markers in Ainu are relatively young and innovative, while applicatives, which are a functional alternative to case markers, are old and genuine, and that the borderline case-marking may generally correlate with the head-marking language type, which is most broadly attested in the Pacifi c Rim.
The role of Theatre teams in the cultural movement in Soran district (1991-2003)
Authors:   History Department, Faculty of Arts, Soran University, Mustafa Amanj Ahmed , Rasheed Sirwan Mahmood ,   Soran Technical Institute, Erbil Polytechnic University
Published: October 2022

Abstract On March 5 of 1991, Kurdish people in the North part of Iraq launched an uprising which resulted in reoccupying various lands from the hands of socialist groups and Baath Regime. These lands were taken over by the demonstrators and revolutionists. This revolution resulted in the establishment of an autonomous Kurdish government. Additionally, Soran province as a part of those reoccupied lands, fell under the influence of that revolutionary atmosphere. As various social activists and artists began seizing the opportunity and started making groups in order to make artistic activities. Moreover, before the revolution of 1991, theatre influenced a large number of people. And these people started constructing different theatrical teams and acting performers in order to be engaged in that art. Although, it is said that there were theatrical and artistic groups in soran province. Yet, non of their names or their participant's names had ever been mentioned in the documentations. Therefore, researchers have tried to recognize and pinpoint these theatrical groups between the years 1991_2003 in soran and also to highlight their characteristics and principles.
The role of practicing the models of geographical information system in solving the problem of civil defense centers (Erbil city as an example)
Authors:   Geography Department, Faculty of Arts, Soran University, Hussen Omer Hassan , Ismail Hemn Muhammad , Abbas Bardman Waisy ,   Dashti Hawler Education
Published: October 2022

Abstract: The problem of the study is that there is inequality in the distribution of the fire places in the study area, and many people cannot benefit from the service because the stations are far. The aim of this study is to show the development of the firefighting service in the city of Erbil and the current distribution of the fire places, and to implement the spatial analysis for the distribution of the fire places and to show the relation between their distribution and the density distribution and the numerical distribution of population to build the model of choosing the best places to establish or to relocate the fire places in the study area. In this study the inductive method is used. The comparative analysis method is used. The geographical means such as maps and aerial photographs are used as well. This study depended on the software (ArcGIS 10.4) in some analytical works and producing some maps. The study concluded that the civil defense institutions in the Erbil city are distributed in dispersion form, and their service scopes do not reach many areas, so it is possible to benefit from building models in geographic information systems because they give excellent results in solving spatial problems for the distribution of these services. The title of the study, which represents the city's fire stations, is an important topic of interest for urban studies due to the uneven distribution of fire station in the city of Erbil that's not Mach of increasing population. Many headquarter suffering from the maintenance of fire stations. This study used GIS to build models and other statistical tools in the arc map programmer. in this research, found that many of the fire stations are scatter in the distributions in the study area.
evaluation of the rheumatous creases in the waterfall of the Basin River
Authors:   Geography Department, Faculty of Arts, Soran University, Dalo Azad Hidayat , Braim Sarbaz Awlla
Published: October 2022

Abstract Erosion is one of the processes of geomorphology, which has a continuous impact on the forms of the earth's surface, and the speed of erosion is also based on the natural and geological causes of this region, and at the same time, the area and its vegetation determine the capacity of these renovations, and the importance of the issue is that erosion poses a threat to land, residential areas, road and agricultural land, the aim of this research is to introduce the types of erosion in the region and then find the necessary solutions for them, in this research, we used theoretical and practical methods by linking both methods to the quantitative way to reach the quantitative way to reach As a real result, we have divided the research into two main parts, including water erosion and wind, each of which is disinfected in water erosion (as a result of rain, cover, streams and canals) and then the water measurement path is carefully analyzed, and finally, the results, recommendations and list of sources have been done.
The level of separation anxiety by the residents of the villages on the border in Soran area
Authors:   Psychology Department, Faculty of Arts, Soran University, Othman Ronak Hamid , Awla Ghariba Hussen
Published: October 2022

Abstract: This study is a field study entitled The Level of Anxiety of Separation among Border Residents in the Soran area. The main purpose of this study is to find out the level of anxiety in the residents of the villages across the border. To obtain data and information, the researcher tried to obtain data through descriptive methods and survey forms, which to change the anxiety of separation, the researcher tried to rely on the criteria that were built by the researcher. After collecting data and information, the researcher tried to analyze the data through statistical analysis and SPSS. The results of this study show that the level of anxiety of separation is shown by the residents of the villages, and that whatever is related to gender change, both genders feel the same level of anxiety.
The reality of computer use in teaching at The University of Raberin
Authors:   College of Basic Education, Raparin University, Saeed Aram Muhammad
Published: October 2022

The researcher has used a descriptive method . The community of the research is composed of the teaching staff at Raparin University for the academic year ( 2020 – 2021 ) , and the sample of the research takes ( 70 ) members of the teaching staff including ( 50 ) master degree and ( 20 ) PHD degree , The researcher prepared a measuring tool for the reality of the use of computer by using the criteria by ( Al-Rashidi et al . 2004 ) and ( Al – Dahmish , 2007 ) , and by depending on the literature review and previous researches about the reality of using computer . The criteria consists of ( 36 ) items . The researcher investigated the Face Validity of the measuring tool by displaying it to a group of experts and specialists in the field . After making sure of the accuracy of the criteria , the researcher extracted the stability of the criteria by using the ( Cronbach Alpha ) method which was ( 0.83 ) , After collecting data , analyzing and solving the problem statistically by means of ( SPSS ) , the study has reached the following conclusions : According to the teaching staff’s the use of computer in teaching is at an intermediate level . They also believe that using and utilizing computer in teaching is at the same level among instructors having Master or PHD degree . Teachers seem to agree that providing course in computer training is sufficient . Teachers thinks that the obstacles to the use of computer are minor factors ; the factors and obstacles do not prevent the use of computer in teaching .
It is a matter of marriage and the answer to the one who advocates it in a Muslim sahih (comparative doctrinal study)
Authors:   College of Islamic Studies, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Hamad Shafih Sleman , Jameel Amed Najmadin
Published: October 2022

Abstract This paper which is entitled "The Order of Conducting the Marriage Feast and Answering the Invitation in Sahih Muslim - a Comparative Study", is one of the most prominent means of making the marriage known which is dealt with by the Islamic scholars plainly in details. This subject is worth of study and researching because it is closely associated with the Muslim community, and feeding people in such occasions is from the close good deeds the Islam urges and calls for. The researcher began to discuss this subject starting with the hadiths in the Sahih al-Imam al-Muslim in which the order was given regarding the marriage meal. The study wants to know whether there is any order calling for doing the meal or answering the inviters of the meal or eating from it believing that it is Muslim’s duty to answer the invitation or not. Then, the researcher talked about the most appropriate attitude of the scholars and their viewpoints in terms of this topic besides showing their proofs and discussing them to arrive at a moderate and correct viewpoints among all these viewpoints. The researcher divided the research into an introduction, four sections, and a conclusion. In the introduction, the researcher mentioned the importance of the research, the reasons for choosing it, and its methodology. The first section comes across the definition of the terms of the title in a way that the researcher dealt with the definition of the command, the meal from the perspective of the language and terminology, and it introduces Imam Muslim and his book (True Muslim). Then the second section concentrates on making the order to conduct the banquet whereas the third section focuses on the order to answer the invitation for the banquet. Then, the fourth section studies the order to eat of the meal through mentioning the sayings of the scholars and their evidences. Finally, the researcher arrives at the most important concluded points.
The footnote of Abdul Rahman Al-Binjweni on the collection of mosques and his explanation to the local section (truth and metaphor)
Authors:   Arabic Department, Faculty of Arts, Soran University, Amin Jamal Aziz , Ibrahim Ibrahim Saleem
Published: October 2022

Abstract This paper is both an examination and editing of a volume of Abdul-Rahman Al-Penjweni’ footnotes on “ʃarħ dʒamʕ al-dʒawa:miʕ” originally written by Dʒala:l Al-din Al-Mħali. It is a systematic study of Al-Penjweni’s significant work which composes of the following sections. The first section, examination, contains a brief description of both Al-Penjweni and his manuscripts obtained by the researchers. In the second section, which is editing, two categories have been edited al-madʒa:z ‘trope’and al taħqi:q ‘literal meaning’. Come after that the major findings of the paper and the list of the resources used in this study.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING THE THINK-PAIR-SHARE STRATEGY IN ACQUIRING CHEMICAL CONCEPTS BY SORAN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN THE SUBJECT OF CHEMISTRY
Authors:   General Science Department, Faculty of Education Soran University, MAHMOOD MAHMOOD HAWAR , HAJI SATTAR JABBAR ,   Department of General Psychology, Faculty of Education University of Zakho
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT The research aimed to identify the effectiveness of using the Think-Pair-Share strategy in acquiring chemical concepts by Soran University students in the subject of chemistry. The researcher used the equally groups design, an experimental group studied according to the Think-Pair-Share strategy and a control group according to the Usual method. The population of the research are students in the second class at the General Science department, for the academic year (2020-2021), the research sample included (62) students divided into two groups, the experimental group, included (33) students, and the controlled group, included (29) students. The researcher prepared a test to acquire chemical concepts included (45) items of Multiple Choice. The results have shown that using the Think-Pair-Share Strategy in teaching the chemistry subject has a positive impact on increasing students acquiring chemical concepts the researcher recommended the importance of using the Think-Pair-Share, also procedures for some further future studies have been suggested.
Using CHIRPS Satellite-Based Data for Spatio-Temporal Variability of Rainfall in Dashti Hawler District – Kurdistan Region of Iraq 1982 – 2019
Authors:   Department of Geography, College of Arts, Salahaddin University, Kak Ahmed Huner Abdullah
Published: October 2022

Abstract Rainfall is one of the most essential climatic indicators of climate change, The changes in rainfall in space and time would impact runoff, soil moisture, and groundwater reserves. The study of the climate change effects on water resource planning and management necessitates the analysis of precipitation changes (Khayyat, et. al, p. 35, 2019; M. Nawaz, et. al., 2020, p.2). The availability of long-term and temporally consistent rainfall time series is one of the most important criteria for undertaking a detailed study of regional and temporal variation and trends in rainfall in any location. Agriculture activities, flood disaster risk management and reduction, drought, water harvesting, water supply to communities, and other human activities related to the spatiotemporal distribution of rainfall in any region benefit from the analysis of long-term climate time-series data at a high temporal and spatial resolution. Water resource management, agricultural productivity, and climate change mitigation benefit from understanding the spatial distribution of rainfall and its temporal trends (Morales-Acuña, et al., 2021, p. 1). Rainfall data and measurements from traditional ground weather stations have traditionally been the major sources of such climate data; however, due to limited or nonexistent station networks in many regions of the world, historical records from station observations are insufficient. As a result, satellite-based rainfall data are increasingly being utilized to supplement or replace station observations.
Al-Badr al-Sufi al-Arabli (851-925H/1447-1518 AD)His Role in Science
Authors:   History Department, College of Arts, Salahaddin University-ErbilD, Yahya Sazgar Othman
Published: October 2022

Abstract: The present historical research “Al- Badr Al- syooofi Al- Erbilly 851-925A.H/1447-1518A.D” in science and Fatwa. is a study about the role of his Kurdish Master of Prophetic Tradition as a famous personality. He became the Mufty of Aleppo City for thirty years possessing a high social position within the Aleppo community among the public and famous personalities. During his life time, he presented important services to the Islamic Civilization in Aleppo society. This research consists of three axiss preceded by an introduction and followed by a conclusion axis. conciusion Axis one deals with biography and the prominent personality of Al- Erbilly. Axis two is concerned with his scientific life. The final axis tackles the position of this scientist in the Aleppo community.
Reflection of Orientalist speech in Farhad Pirbal's novel "Hotel Europe"
Authors:   Kurdish Department, Faculty of Arts, Soran UniversityD, Ameen Sirwan Jabar , Nadir Kurdistan Abdulwahab
Published: October 2022

Abstract Orientalist discourse is the result of western points of views on the Eastern world, in which work is done on dividing the world into two opposite poles, each representing a different tradition, culture, civilization, and ... etc. In this article, a group of negative points of views about the East and a group of positive views about the West are produced. Farhad Pirbal's Novel (Hotel Europe) is also producing the same discourse and part of the views of orientalist discourse about the East are reflected in the novel Farhad Pirbal's Novel (Hotel Europe) is also producing the same discourse and part of the views of orientalist discourse about the East are reflected in the novel. In this study, we followed the method of description and analysis, and for this purpose, our research was divided into two parts, and in the first part, we talked about Orientalism and Edward Saeed has been portrayed and interpreted as one of the thinkers in this field, and in the second part, the orientalist views reflected and talked about in the novel.
Individual nostalgia in Nali's poems
Authors:   Kurdish Department, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Saeed Nawzad Waqas , Ismail Vian Abas
Published: October 2022

Abstract: This research tries to explain and identify the types of personal nostalgia in Nali's poems, in which the types of personal nostalgia has been discussed in theory and has been found practically in his poems, where we see centuries ago the poet had sentimental longing or wistful affection for a period in the past. Nostalgia is a psychological feeling found inside every human being, and every single one of us has their own reasons to recall, desire or feel remorseful of their past, could be a recall of happy times or misery. This feeling is not as important to the normal men but has a strong value for poets and authors whom apply it on their artistic works.
PENGARUH MANAJERIAL DAN KEBIJAKAN PERIODESASI KEPALA SEKOLAH TERHADAP DISIPLIN KERJA GURU SEKOLAH DASAR DI KECAMATAN JAPARA
Authors: Suhari Suhari
Published: October 2022

Keberadaan guru dalam operasional Pendidikan sangat dominan peranannya. Karena begitu pentingnya maka disiplin kerja guru harus baik. Banyak faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi disiplin kerja guru diantaranya manjerial kepala sekolah dan kebijakan periodesasi kepala sekolah. Maka dari  itu, fokus penelitian ini adalah ingin mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh manajerial kepala sekolah dan kebijakan periodesasi kepala sekolah terhadap disiplion kerja guru. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dan verifikatif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket skala likert, terhadap 60 orang guru. Pengolahan hasil penelitian menggunakan teknik analisis regresi. Uji signifikansi menggunakan uji-F. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Terdapat pengaruh positif manajerial kepala sekolah terhadap disiplin kerja guru. (2) Terdapat pengaruh positif kebijakan periodesasi kepala sekolah terhadap disiplin kerja guru. (3) Terdapat pengaruh positif manajerial kepala sekolah dan kebijakan periodesasi kepala sekolah dan tidak signifikan secara simultan terhadap disiplin kerja guru. Sehubungan dengan pengaruh periodesasi kepala sekolah dan kebijakan periodesasi kepala sekolah terhadap disiplin guru tidak signifikan, sehingga untuk meningkatkan disiplin kerja guru dapat dilakukan melalui peningkatan manajerial kepala sekolah dan memaksimalkan kebijakan periodesasi kepala sekolah. Untuk meningkatkan manajerial kepala sekolah masih ada kendala pada dimensi tepat cepat menyelesaikan masalah.  Oleh karena itu penulis menyarankan agar: (1)  Kepala sekolah senantiasa meningkatkan kapasitas dirinya terkait manajerial kepala sekolah untuk meningkatkan disiplin kerja guru. (2) Kebijakan periodesasi kepala sekolah harus didukung semua pihak agar disiplin kerja guru terjaga sehingga dapat mewujudkan tata kelola sekolah sesuai dengan ,tujuan pendidikan.
Pengelolaan Manajemen Risiko Kepatuhan Pada Bank Syariah
Authors: Husnaini Husna , Dewi Anisa Afrina , Junita Deska , Agustin Diana , Saputra Eko
Published: October 2022

Salah satu risiko yang dihadapi bank syariah adalah risiko kepatuhan. Kajian dilakukan untuk mengetahui upaya untuk mengelola risiko kepatuhan bank syariah adalah baik. Itu Metode penelitian ini menggunakan studi kepustakaan, yaitu proses pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi kepustakaan bersumber dari buku-buku, internet dan jurnal-jurnal yang berkaitan dengan tema yang dibahas. Hasil yang diperoleh bank syariah membutuhkan menyiapkan unit kerja dan kebijakan serta kepatuhan yang jelas prosedur, diikuti dengan proses mengidentifikasi, mengurangi, dan mengendalikan risiko kepatuhan dan mengevaluasi pencapaian usaha yang telah dilakukan.
An integrative approach toward identification and analysis of therapeutic targets involved in HPV pathogenesis with a focus on carcinomas
Authors: Gupta Amit Kumar , Kumar Manoj
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND: Persistent infection of high-risk HPVs is known to cause diverse carcinomas, mainly cervical, oropharyngeal, penile, etc. However, efficient treatment is still lacking. OBJECTIVE: Identify and analyze potential therapeutic targets involved in HPV oncogenesis and repurposing drug candidates. METHODS: Integrative analyses were performed on the compendium of 1887 HPV infection-associated or integration-driven disrupted genes cataloged from the Open Targets Platform and HPVbase resource. Potential target genes are prioritized using STRING, Cytoscape, cytoHubba, and MCODE. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis are performed. Further, TCGA cancer genomic data of CESC and HNSCC is analyzed. Moreover, regulatory networks are also deduced by employing NetworkAnalyst. RESULTS: We have implemented a unique approach for identifying and prioritizing druggable targets and repurposing drug candidates against HPV oncogenesis. Overall, hundred key genes with 44 core targets were prioritized with transcription factors (TFs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) regulators pertinent to HPV pathogenesis. Genomic alteration profiling further substantiated our findings. Among identified druggable targets, TP53, NOTCH1, PIK3CA, EP300, CREBBP, EGFR, ERBB2, PTEN, and FN1 are frequently mutated in CESC and HNSCC. Furthermore, PIK3CA, CCND1, RFC4, KAT5, MYC, PTK2, EGFR, and ERBB2 show significant copy number gain, and FN1, CHEK1, CUL1, EZH2, NRAS, and H2AFX was marked for the substantial copy number loss in both carcinomas. Likewise, under-explored relevant regulators, i.e., TFs (HINFP, ARID3A, NFATC2, NKX3-2, EN1) and miRNAs (has-mir-98-5p, has-mir-24-3p, has-mir-192-5p, has-mir-519d-3p) is also identified. CONCLUSIONS: We have identified potential therapeutic targets, transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulators to explicate HPV pathogenesis as well as potential repurposing drug candidates. This study would aid in biomarker and drug discovery against HPV-mediated carcinoma.
Parameter identification method of J–A hysteresis model based on improved sparrow search algorithm
Authors: Li Dandan , Wu Yuxiang , Zhu Shilei , Li Zhongkang
Published: October 2022

Aiming at the weak capacity of the parameter identification methods of Jiles–Atherton (J–A) hysteresis model, such as slow convergence speed and low convergence accuracy, an improved sparrow search algorithm (IM-SSA) is proposed based on mutation crossover operator and T-distribution perturbation strategy in this paper to improve the convergence speed and accuracy of parameter identification method. Firstly, the initial population of the sparrow search algorithm is enriched by Tent chaotic sequence, which expand the search area. Then, the adaptive crossover and mutation operator is introduced into the finders population to enrich the diversity of the finders population and balance the global and local search ability of the algorithm. Secondly, the T-distribution perturbation or differential mutation is used to perturb the population after each iteration according to the individual characteristics, which can avoid the population singularity in the later stage of the algorithm and enhance the ability of jump out of the local optimal value of the algorithm. Finally, the proposed parameter identification method is used to identify the parameters of the J–A hysteresis model, which are used to simulate the magnetic properties of Non-oriented silicon steel sheets with different magnetic induction intensity. The calculation result is compared with the experiment ones. The results proved that the proposed method has faster convergence speed and higher convergence accuracy.
Developing an online shop sampling frame from big data
Authors: Srimulyani Wiwin , Pramana Setia , Bustaman Usman
Published: October 2022

The development of information technologies and the massive generation of data in today’s digital world provides new opportunities for official statistics. Big data, especially produced by a marketplace have a great potential to produce a list of online shops. The aim of this paper is to develop an online shop sampling frame from marketplace data. Using the shop and item datasets, an item-level data algorithm is developed to determine whether a shop is active or not to be included in the frame. In this study, the focus is for online shops in Jakarta Province, Indonesia. The algorithm is built using divide and conquer principle and statistical method. The frame produced consists of 13 attributes such as Shop ID, number of items, annual revenue, shop types, Business scale classification and the location (URL and physical address). The frame contains of 101,443 active online shops which most of it are micro enterprises.
Feasibility of automated in-vehicle technologies on volunteers’ driving performance
Authors: Classen Sherrilene , Winter Sandra , Wei Jiajun , Jeghers Mary , Rogers Jason , Giang Wayne
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND:

Automated in-vehicle technologies, specifically in-vehicle information systems (IVIS) and advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), are increasingly common in today’s cars. Previous studies illustrate benefits of using IVIS and ADAS to improve safety, convenience, and comfort in healthy older drivers. However, research is sparse on the feasibility of such technologies for medically at-risk drivers, such as those with Parkinson’s disease (PD).

OBJECTIVE:

This study enrolled healthy volunteer drivers to examine the feasibility of the procedures and measures for evaluating the effects of IVIS and ADAS on their driving performance.

METHODS:

During this feasibility study researchers compared drives completed with and without support of IVIS and ADAS, as participants drove a 2019 Toyota Camry XLE. The test vehicle was equipped with IVIS, ADAS, cameras, a telematics system, and sensors. Participants drove the road course supervised by a Driver Rehabilitation Specialist (DRS).

RESULTS:

Overall study procedures and vehicle equipment were feasible and provided sufficient data collection for measuring the impact of IVIS and ADAS on driving performance. Data observation by the DRS combined with data captured from cameras and telematics, facilitated comparisons to increase data reliability and validity.

CONCLUSIONS:

Feasibility study findings informed a randomized clinical trial, examining the use of IVIS and ADAS technologies as an intervention to support drivers with Parkinson’s disease.
Escape or activate? Pathways of work stress on substance use
Authors: Gerich Joachim , Lehner Roland
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND: Research on the spillover effects of work stress on substance use have mainly focused on the concept of escapist substance. OBJECTIVE: Building on the concept of self-endangering work behavior, we expand this stress-theoretic view with a presenteeism path of work-induced substance use. Contrary to emotion-based disengaging coping strategies associated with escapist use, we argue that high job demands may also promote problem-focused engagement coping, where substances are used for activation. METHODS: A structural equation model was used to analyze both assumed pathways of stress-induced substance use with survey data from a random sample of n = 411 employees. RESULTS: We confirmed that high job demands are directly related to escapist substance use, but indirectly related to activating substance use, mediated by presenteeism behavior. Both types of substance use are reduced in organizations with high psychosocial safety climate, but increase with higher competitive climate. Social support is related to reduced activating substance use. Males show a stronger tendency for the escapist path, whereas the presenteeism path is more prevalent in women. CONCLUSION: Work stress may not only induce substance use as a disengaging emotional coping strategy, but also as an active problem-focused coping strategy, where employees engage in substance use to continue their efforts necessary for work-related goal attainment. A psychosocial safety climate may provide opportunities for intervening on the “cause of causes” of substance use. Moreover, due to the higher prevalence for activating substance use in female workers, previous research may have underestimated women’s risks for work-induced substance use.
The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of workers and the associated social-economic aspects: A narrative review
Authors: Wang Hong , Farokhnia Fahimeh , Sanchuli Narges
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has struck nations worldwide, pushing worldwide health and socio-economic systems to extreme limits. Upon exposure to an exceeding number of patients and supply shortages, the resilience of healthcare resources has been broadly challenged. OBJECTIVE: We will firstly discuss the mental health turmoil during the COVID-19 pandemic as the primary focus of this study and delve into the mental health repercussions among the workforce. Also, we debate the risk factors, particularly highlighting the impact of social behaviors and media exposure. We examine the pandemic’s impact on occupational health services. Secondly, we thoroughly discuss the effect of socio-economic and race disparities in the COVID-19 contraction and the related psychologic sequelae. Economic outcomes are also highlighted, particularly alterations in poverty rates and occupational sectors. METHODS: Peer-reviewed reports were extracted through Embase, PubMed, and Google Scholar until June 2022. RESULTS: A constellation of untoward spillover effects of the pandemic, including dramatic changes in public and workplace environments, enduring curfew, and low wages, have put socio-economic aspects of daily life under exuberant strain. Indeed, occupational and public health stakeholders presume a coinciding social crisis to occur, provided the pandemic’s implications on socioeconomics and psychological wellbeing are not addressed well with evidence-based approaches and peer services. CONCLUSION: Evaluating the socio-economic and mental health impact is imperative to cope with the pandemic. Also, we should assess the predisposing and protecting factors in a broad array of life aspects associated with COVID-19.
The Effect of Problem-Solving Skills Training on the Moral Distress of Novice Nurses
Authors:   Students Research Committee, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran., Beiranvand Zeynab , Sajadi Mahbobeh ,   Department of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran., Taheri Majid ,   Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Shamsikhani Soheila ,   Department of Nursing, Shazand School of Nursing, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
Published: October 2022

Background and Aim Moral stress happens when a person makes a moral decision but cannot accomplish it, mainly due to internal and external organizational limitations. Problem-solving skills training as one of the principles of stress management may be effective in controlling nurses’ moral stress. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of problem-solving skills training on the moral stress of novice nurses. Methods & Materials This study was a clinical trial performed on 70 novice nurses working in Shohaday Khorramabad Hospital, Khorramabad City, Iran. The samples were selected by convenience sampling and randomly divided into intervention (n=36) and control (n=35) groups. The study data were collected by demographic questionnaire and Corley’s moral distress scale. Before the intervention, participants of both groups completed those questionnaires. Then for the intervention group, a problem-solving skills workshop was held in six 2-hour sessions. After training, the Corley moral distress scale was completed again by participants of both groups. Finally, the data were analyzed by the Chi-square test, paired, and independent t tests in SPSS software v. 16. Ethical Considerations This study has been approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences with the ethical code IR.ARAKMU.REC.1395.449. Informed consent was taken from all participants, and they were assured of keeping their information confidential. Results In this study, most participants were around 25 years old. Also, 98.5% had Bachler’s degrees, and 1.5% had Master’s degrees. The study results showed that the mean of moral distress in the intervention was significantly different from before the intervention (P<0.05). Conclusion This study showed that applying problem-solving skills has a significant effect in decreasing the moral distress of novice nurses in the clinical setting.
Evaluation and Comparison of PBK and E2F7 Gene Expression Between Early and Advanced Stages of Colorectal Cancer
Authors:   Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran., Hashemi Reza , Peymani Maryam ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran., Ghaedi Kamran ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran., Saffar Hana ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
Published: October 2022

Background and Aim PBK is a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKK) among MEK1/2 and MEK7 and can phosphorylate P38, JNK, and ERK in many cellular functions. The E2F transcription factor family also belongs to a class of cellular regulators acting as oncogenes and tumor suppressors. This study aims to investigate the expression of PBK and E2F7 in the early stages of colorectal cancer (CRC) compared to advanced stages based on the experimental and TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) database. Methods & Materials A total of 32 tissue samples of patients with CRC with the approval of a pathobiologist were collected according to the examination and criteria reported from different stages. After RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, the RT-qPCR technique was used to evaluate the expression of the desired genes in the study groups. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was also used to determine the ability of each of the selected genes to differentiate the two populations: stage I+II and stage III+IV. Ethical Considerations In all stages of this research, codes of ethics of research and publication were observed. Results In this study, it was shown that the expression of PBK and E2F7 significantly increased in stage I+II samples compared to stage III+IV. These data were confirmed by laboratory results and information extracted from the TCGA database. Also, based on the area under curve obtained from the ROC curves, these two genes are significantly distinguishable between stage I+II and III+IV populations in CRC. Conclusion According to the results of this study, PBK and E2F7 genes are good markers in the diagnosis of CRC.
The Effect of an Educational Program on Health Belief Model of Preventive Behaviors of Nosocomial Infection by Babol Hospitals Midwives
Authors:   Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Darzi Poor Mahboobeh , Tavakoli Reza ,   Health Education and Health Promotion Research Center, Faculty of Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Shojae Zade Davood ,   Health Education Department and Health Promotion Research Center, Faculty of Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Rezagholizadeh Omran Zahra ,   Clinical Research Development Center, Shahid Yaheinejad Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
Published: October 2022

Background and Aim Nosocomial infection is a health problem in all countries. Considering the role of midwives in controlling nosocomial infection, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of an educational intervention based on model on preventive behaviors of nosocomial infection by Babol hospitals midwives was done. Methods & Materials The present study was a quasi-experimental study with intervention and control group. The interventions were performed in three 40-minute sessions in the Shahid Yahya Nejad Hospital in April and May 2017. The data collection tool was a structure Health Belief Model based(Awareness, structure Health Belief Model and behavior) on a questionnaire completed Its validity and reliability were assessed two months before and one month after Midwives who met the inclusion criteria education. Data were collected and analyzed by SPSS software v. 24 by Anova , T-test and ANCO one-way Covariance tests. Ethical Considerations This research paper has been approved by the ethics committee IR.IAU.TMU.REC.1398.068 and informed consent will be taken from the participants in the study the information will remain confidential. Results Before the intervention, the two groups did not differ significantly in terms of, mean scores of different model structures. After intervention, there was a significant difference in the mean and standard deviation of the effect of education on knowledge score (1.0±0.3), perceived sensitivity (2.8±1.5), perceived severity (3.6±1.7) Perceived barriers (-6.4±1.3), perceived benefits (5.1±4), self-efficacy (4.6 ± 2.6) and behavior( 3.1±1.1) was seen in the intervention group (P>0.05). Conclusion By increasing the scores obtained from the structures Especially self-efficacy and reduction of perceived barriers, designing and implementing an educational program based on model in midwives can increase their performance regarding the prevention of nosocomial infections.
Predicting Children’s Socioemotional Problems Based on Parenting Styles With the Mediating Role of Social Support
Authors:   Department of General Psychology, Faculty of Literature, Humanities and Social Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Nazemi-Harandi Azam , Jazayeri Shadi ,   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Rodehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Saberi Haeideh ,   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Rodehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Published: October 2022

Background and Aim In modern life, emotional and social problems have taken the highest rank among mental illnesses. The present study aimed to provide a causal model for predicting children’s psychosocial problems based on parenting styles with an emphasis on the mediating role of social support. Methods & Materials The present research was a cross-sectional analytic study. The study population included parents of children (under 5 years old with behavioral-emotional problems) referred to the comprehensive health centers services in Pardis City, Iran, in 2020. Of whom, 230 people were selected by convenience sampling method. Measurement tools included parenting styles, social support, and socioemotional problems questionnaires. Structural equation modeling with SmartPLS software was used to analyze the data. Ethical Considerations This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University (Code: 99527). Results The Mean±SD age of mothers was 32.87±7.87 years. Also, 60% of children were boys, and 40% were girls, with an Mean±SD age of 4.12±0.78 years. The Mean±SD scores of socioemotional problems, parenting styles, and social support were found to be 40.16±4.73, 152.23±18.10, and 34.66±6.49, respectively. The results of structural equation modeling showed that parenting styles had a significant role in predicting children’s socioemotional problems through social support mediation (P<0.05). Also, the fitting branches of the model showed the proper fit of the model through the composite reliability and the Cronbach alpha calculation. Conclusion The results of the present study emphasize the critical role of early childhood life and the need to focus on support facilities for mother-child couples at this age. Accordingly, providing psychological and supportive interventions for mothers with high stress can result in parental adjustment and mental health and, subsequently, the child’s normal development.
Comparing the Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy With Compassion-Focused Therapy on the Intensity of Resiliency and Worry in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors:   Department of Psychology, Torbat Jam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Torbat Jam, Razavi Khorasan, Iran., MirMoeini Pardis , Hosseini Bayazi Mohammad ,   Department of Psychology, Torbat Jam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Torbat Jam, Razavi Khorasan, Iran., Khlatbari Javad ,   Department of Psychology, Tonkabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonkabon, Mazandaran, Iran.
Published: October 2022

Background and Aim Given the increasing number of patients with multiple sclerosis and the psychological complications that affect this group, the present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and compassion-focused therapy for these patients Methods & Materials This research was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. A total of 45 patients with multiple sclerosis were selected from MS patients in Tehran Clinic, Tehran City, Iran, in 2020. They were randomly divided into three groups: the first group was under treatment based on acceptance and commitment therapy, the second group was assigned to the compassion-focused therapy, and the third group was the control. The participants completed the Connor and Davidson resilience questionnaire and the Pennsylvania concern questionnaire in the pretest and post-test stages. The first and second groups participated in eight sessions of acceptance and commitment therapy and ten sessions of compassion-focused therapy, respectively. The control group did not receive any intervention. The post-test was done at the end of the therapy sessions. Data were reported by analysis of covariance. Ethical Considerations This research was approved by the Torbat Jam Branch, Islamic Azad University (Cod: IR.IAU.TJ.REC.1399.012). Results The results of univariate analysis of covariance were obtained at the statistical level of P<0.05. In this regard, F=5.88 for resilience and F=42.60 for anxiety intensity were obtained, which indicated the greater effectiveness of acceptance and commitment treatment. Conclusion Considering the effectiveness of both treatments, it is suggested that these treatments be given more attention to controlling patients’ psychological symptoms.
Examining the miR-93-5p and miR-17-5p Expression in Plasma and Breast Cancer Tissue as Possible Markers in Breast Cancer Prognosis
Authors:   Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran., Seyedi Moghaddam Andia , Salimi Mahdieh ,   Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran., Ranji Najmeh ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran., Mozdarani Hossein ,   Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Published: October 2022

Background and Aim MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs (17-25 nucleotides) that have been studied in many diseases. miRNAs studies in different cancers have shown that miRNAs may be considered oncogene or tumor suppressor. So far, many studies have shown that miR-17-5p and miR-93-5p are important regulatory molecules in some biological processes, such as cell proliferation, associated with cancer formation. This study aimed to investigate and compare the tissue and plasma expression levels of miR-17-5p and miR-93-5p in patients with ductal carcinoma breast cancer with the normal control group. Methods & Materials The total RNA (including miRNA) was extracted from breast and plasma tissue samples of cancerous and normal samples. The RNA concentration and purity were confirmed using optical absorbance measurements. cDNA was synthesized, and the expression levels of miR-17-5p and miR-93-5p were assessed semi-quantitatively by SYBR Green-based real-time RT-PCR assay in plasma and breast tissues of ductal carcinoma breast cancer compared with the control normal samples with SNORD47 as internal normalizer. Data were statistically evaluated using GraphPad Prism 8.0.2. Ethical Considerations This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the institute (IRAN 52d/4922, 6.10.2016). All study individuals signed a consent form to use their clinical samples and personal data under the physician’s supervision. Results The expression level of miR-17-5p showed significantly higher expression in tissues and plasma of the cancer group compared with the control group (P<0.0001). It was also significantly associated with tumor stage and lymph node, and ER (estrogen receptor) and PR (progesterone receptor) status (P<0.0001). While decreased expression of miR-93-5p in plasma and tumor tissues was shown to be significantly associated with tumor stage and lymph node involvement (P<0.0001). Conclusion The data revealed that high expression of miR-17-5p and low expression of miR-93-5p in both plasma and breast tumor might be associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. However, miR-17-5p, due to the greater change in expression and ease of plasma detection, may serve as a possible non-invasive biomarker for breast cancer’s poor prognosis. Further follow-up studies are required to confirm this finding.