bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bocce behind Barbed Wire
Authors: Elizabeth Mary , Chopas Basile
Published: January 2019

Chapter 4 is a social history of the daily lives of the internees in INS camps and Army camps. It shows how many internees developed a sense of powerlessness as requests for a reevaluation of their situation went unanswered. The United States chose to extend prisoner of war protections in the 1929 Geneva Convention to enemy aliens in internment camps, allowing them to refer to the convention’s guarantees of safe and humane treatment and a good standard of living to redress complaints. This chapter shows how the internees exercised agency by finding ways to prove that they could be loyal American citizens, particularly by exhibiting a good work ethic. Although the balance of power still weighed heavily in favor of the government, the personal letters of internees tell a story of resiliency in the bleak setting of internment.
Afterword
Authors: Elizabeth Mary , Chopas Basile
Published: January 2019

The story of the internment of Italians during World War II raises the same question we ask today about how modern liberal democracies may wage war and remain true to democratic values. As we grapple with the question of what rights are due individuals residing in this country whose ties to terrorist organizations at war with the United States cast suspicion upon their activities, the process of selective internment during World War II provides valuable lessons....
American Baroque
Authors: Warsh Molly A.
Published: January 2019

Patterns of pearl cultivation and circulation reveal vernacular practices that shaped emerging imperial ideas about value and wealth in the early modern world. Pearls’ variability and subjective beauty posed a profound challenge to the imperial impulse to order and control, underscoring the complexity of governing subjects and objects in the early modern world. Qualitative, evaluative language would play a prominent role in crown officials’ attempts to contain and channel this complexity. The book’s title reflects the evolving significance of the term barrueca (which became “baroque” in English), a word initially employed in the Venezuelan fisheries to describe irregular pearls. Over time, this term lost its close association with the jewel but came to serve as a metaphor for irregular, unbounded expression. Pearls’ enduring importance lies less in the revenue they generated than in the conversations they prompted about the nature of value and the importance of individual skill and judgment, as well as the natural world, in its creation and husbandry. The stories generated by pearls—an unusual, organic jewel—range globally, crossing geographic and imperial boundaries as well as moving across scales, linking the bounded experiences of individuals to the expansion of imperial bureaucracies. These microhistories illuminate the connections between these small- and large-scale historical processes, revealing the connections between empire as envisioned by monarchs, enacted in law, and experienced at sea and on the ground by individuals.
Fugitives, Smugglers, and Thieves
Authors: Balachandran Orihuela Sharada
Published: January 2019

In this book, Sharada Balachandran Orihuela examines property ownership and its connections to citizenship, race and slavery, and piracy as seen through the lens of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century American literature. Balachandran Orihuela defines piracy expansively, from the familiar concept of nautical pirates and robbery in international waters to postrevolutionary counterfeiting, transnational slave escape, and the illegal trade of cotton across the Americas during the Civil War. Weaving together close readings of American, Chicano, and African American literature with political theory, the author shows that piracy, when represented through literature, has imagined more inclusive and democratic communities than were then possible in reality. The author shows that these subjects are not taking part in unlawful acts only for economic gain. Rather, Balachandran Orihuela argues that piracy might, surprisingly, have served as a public good, representing a form of transnational belonging that transcends membership in any one nation-state while also functioning as a surrogate to citizenship through the ownership of property. These transnational and transactional forms of social and economic life allow for a better understanding of the foundational importance of property ownership and its role in the creation of citizenship.
Women at War in the Borderlands of the Early American Northeast
Authors: Martino Gina M.
Published: January 2019

Across the borderlands of the early American northeast, New England, New France, and Native nations deployed women with surprising frequency to the front lines of wars that determined control of North America. Far from serving as passive helpmates in a private, domestic sphere, women assumed wartime roles as essential public actors, wielding muskets, hatchets, and makeshift weapons while fighting for their families, communities, and nations. Revealing the fundamental importance of martial womanhood in this era, Gina M. Martino places borderlands women in a broad context of empire, cultural exchange, violence, and nation building, demonstrating how women's war making was embedded in national and imperial strategies of expansion and resistance. As Martino shows, women's participation in warfare was not considered transgressive; rather it was integral to traditional gender ideologies of the period, supporting rather than subverting established systems of gender difference.In returning these forgotten women to the history of the northeastern borderlands, this study challenges scholars to reconsider the flexibility of gender roles and reveals how women's participation in transatlantic systems of warfare shaped institutions, polities, and ideologies in the early modern period and the centuries that followed.
Migrant Longing
Authors: Chávez-García Miroslava
Published: January 2019

Drawing upon a personal collection of more than 300 letters exchanged between her parents and other family members across the U.S.-Mexico border, Miroslava Chávez-García recreates and gives meaning to the hope, fear, and longing migrants experienced in their everyday lives both "here" and "there" (aqui y alla). As private sources of communication hidden from public consumption and historical research, the letters provide a rare glimpse into the deeply emotional, personal, and social lives of ordinary Mexican men and women as recorded in their immediate, firsthand accounts. Chávez-García demonstrates not only how migrants struggled to maintain their sense of humanity in el norte but also how those remaining at home made sense of their changing identities in response to the loss of loved ones who sometimes left for weeks, months, or years at a time, or simply never returned. With this richly detailed account, ranging from the Mexican Revolution of the 1910s to the emergence of Silicon Valley in the late 1960s, Chávez-García opens a new window onto the social, economic, political, and cultural developments of the day and recovers the human agency of much maligned migrants in our society today.
Ijtihād and the Regional Origins of a Universal Vision
Authors: Dallal Ahmad S.
Published: January 2019

This chapter takes issue with the popular network thesis which argues that an intellectual network of likeminded, reformist scholars was generated as a result of travelling through and residence and education in Mecca and Medina. In contrast, the chapter demonstrates the diversity and regional origins of most reform projects in the eighteenth century. It illustrates, for example, the regional differences between ways in which the idea of ijtihad was deployed, and relates these differences to regional traditions of scholarship.
Sufism, Old and New
Authors: Dallal Ahmad S.
Published: January 2019

One of the main ideas advocated by revisionist historians is that of Neo-Sufism, which argues that eighteenth century Islamic thought was characterized by a new brand of reform Sufism which was devoid of spirituality and at the service of Orthodox, legalistic Islam. This common notion was first introduced by Fazlur Rahman. In contrast, the chapter argues that eighteenth century Sufism was not devoid of spirituality, and it supports the argument that the concept of neo-Sufism is not useful for understanding eighteenth century reform or Sufism. Beyond this valid critique, however, the chapter draws the outlines of an eighteenth-century tradition of non-Wahhabi critiques of Sufism.
Common volume satellite studies of polar mesospheric clouds with
Odin/OSIRIS tomography and AIM/CIPS nadir imaging
Authors: Broman Lina , Benze Susanne , Gumbel Jörg , Christensen Ole-Martin , Randall Cora E.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Two important approaches for satellite studies of Polar Mesospheric Clouds (PMC) are nadir measurements adapting phase function analysis and limb measurements adapting spectroscopic analysis. Combining both approaches enables new studies of cloud structures and microphysical processes but is complicated by differences in scattering conditions, observation geometry, and sensitivity. In this study, we compare common volume PMC observations from the nadir viewing Cloud Imaging and Particle Size instrument (CIPS) on the AIM satellite and a special set of tomographic limb observations from the Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imager System (OSIRIS) on the Odin satellite. While CIPS provides preeminent horizontal resolution, the OSIRIS tomographic analysis provides combined horizontal and vertical PMC information. This first direct comparison is an important step towards co-analyzing CIPS and OSIRIS data, aiming at unprecedented insights into horizontal and vertical cloud processes. We perform the first thorough error characterization of OSIRIS tomographic cloud brightness and cloud ice. We establish a consistent method for comparing cloud properties from limb tomography and nadir observations, accounting for differences in scattering conditions, resolution and sensitivity. Based on an extensive common volume, and a temporal coincidence criterion of only 5 minutes, our method enables a detailed comparison of PMC regions of varying brightness and ice content. We find that the primary OSIRIS tomography product, cloud scattering coefficient, shows very good agreement with the primary CIPS product, cloud albedo with a correlation coefficient of 0.96. However, OSIRIS systematically reports brighter clouds than CIPS and the bias between the instruments (OSIRIS – CIPS) is 3.4e−6 sr−1 (±2.9e−6 sr−1) on average. The OSIRIS tomography ice mass density agrees well with the CIPS ice water content, with a correlation coefficient of 0.91. However, the ice water content reported by OSIRIS is lower than CIPS, and we quantify the bias to −22 g km−2 (±14 g km−2) on average.
Charactersing spatio-temporal variability in seasonal snow cover at a regional scale from MODIS data: The Clutha Catchment, New Zealand
Authors: Redpath Todd A. N. , Sirguey Pascal , Cullen Nicolas J.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. A 16-year series of daily snow covered area (SCA) for 2000–2016 is derived from MODIS imagery to produce a regional scale snow cover climatology for New Zealand's largest catchment, the Clutha Catchment. Filling a geographic gap in observations of seasonal snow, this record provides a basis for understanding spatio-temporal variability in seasonal snow cover, and combined with climatic data, provides insight into controls on variability. Metrics including daily SCA, mean snow cover duration (SCD), annual SCD anomaly and daily snowline elevation (SLE) were derived and assessed for temporal trends. Raster principal components analysis (rPCA) was applied to maps of annual SCD anomaly to characterise modes of spatial variability whilst preserving temporal signals. Semi-distributed analysis between SCD and temperature and precipitation anomalies allowed sensitivity of SCD to climatic forcings to be assessed spatially. The influence of anomalous winter air flow, as characterised by HYSPLIT back-trajectories, on SCD variability was also assessed. On average, SCA peaks in late June, at around 30 % of the catchment area, with 10 % of the catchment area sustaining snow cover for > 120 days per year. A reduction in SCA through mid-winter, prior to a second peak in August and persistent throughout the time series is attributed to the prevalence of winter blocking highs in the New Zealand region. In contrast to other regions globally, no significant decrease in SCD was observed. rPCA identified six distinct modes of spatial variability, characterising 77 % of the observed variability in SCD. rPCA and semi-distributed analysis of SCD anomalies reveal strong spatio-temporal variability beyond that associated with topographic controls, which can result in snow cover conditions being out of phase across the catchment. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the sensitivity of SCD to temperature and precipitation variability varies significantly across the catchment. While two large scale climate modes, the SOI and SAM, fail to explain observed variability, specific spatial modes of SCD are favoured by anomalous airflow from the NE, E and SE. These findings illustrate the complexity of atmospheric controls on SCD within the catchment and support the need to incorporate atmospheric processes that govern variability of the energy balance, as well as the re-distribution of snow by wind in order to improve the modelling of future changes in seasonal snow.
Legal and Ethical Issues Arising from the Use of Emerging Technologies in Paediatric Healthcare
Authors: Johnston Carolyn , Gillam Lynn
Published: January 2019

Mobile health apps and wearable devices are widely available. They provide an opportunity to monitor and track health metrics continuously, and in real time, thus enabling diagnosis and chronic condition management to take place outside a hospital setting. The digital data produced can be shared with healthcare providers, researchers, and on social media. In this paper, we explore some of the legal and ethical challenges for doctors of these emerging technologies, by focusing on the example of management of childhood diabetes using continuous glucose monitors and insulin pumps. We identify and explicate these challenges through an analysis of three different case scenarios, all hypothetical but all realistic and reflective of current experiences of doctors caring for children with Type I Diabetes. We argue that current legal and ethical approaches can effectively be applied in determining duties of healthcare professionals using emerging technologies, whilst recognising the significant change in the nature of the doctor-patient relationship and the perception of therapeutic benefit of some technologies.
Mandatory Data Breach Notification and Hacking the Smart Home: A Legal Response to Cybersecurity?
Authors: Pattanasri Thanaphol
Published: January 2019

This paper will investigate whether the Australian legal and regulatory framework sufficiently addresses cybersecurity concerns particular to the smart home. Specifically, the paper will analyse the extent to which the introduction of the data breach notification scheme in Australia will apply to smart home device manufacturers regulated by the federal Privacy Act 1988 (Cth) regarding device breaches. By examining Australian Privacy Principle 11 and the introduction of mandatory data breach notification, the paper aims to determine whether the Australian privacy model of Principles Based Regulation is capable of providing a market-based solution to cybersecurity concerns in the smart home.
Re Carla: An Error in Judgment
Authors: Richards Bernadette J , Wisdom Travis Leal Couto
Published: January 2019

As Justice Brennan succinctly explained in Department of Health and Community Services v JWB & SMB (Marion’s Case),[1] every person has a unique character and dignity that warrants respect and protection under the law. This extends to every member of society, whatever their race, gender, sexual orientation, sex characteristics or religion. If dignity is to be respected then the affected person should be at the centre of any enquiry, their preferences heard and their interests protected. Sadly however this ideal does not always translate into practice and a recent decision regarding surgical interventions on intersex children is an example of a situation in which the affected person’s rights and future interests were not afforded clear priority. The decision of Re: Carla (Medical Procedure) [2016] FamCA 7 (‘Re: Carla’) saw the Court handing full authority for decision-making to the parents and the medical fraternity. This withdrawal of the need for external scrutiny of an invasive and potentially non-therapeutic medical procedure signalled a retreat by the judiciary from any meaningful engagement with the child’s future preferences. In this article, we argue that this decision, whilst well intentioned is, quite simply, an error in judgment.

 

[1] Ibid.
Laissez-Faire Environmental Policy Implementation and Fako Urban Blight, Cameroon
Authors: Kometa Sunday Shende , Lambi Cornelius Mbifung , Sunjo Tata Emmanuel
Published: January 2019

While legislation exist to regulate urban development, there is unfortunately a wide spread disrespect of the urban environmental policies which could stem the host of challenges that could impair human wellbeing and livelihoods of the urban dwellers. This paper examines the non implementation of the urban environmental laws using the Anthropic Interference Model (AIM) which posit that human interference with the drainage channel within city environments accounts for increased flood frequencies and flood magnitudes. The study for Buea, a highland town and Limbe, a low coastal city shows that there is an incredible degree of human interference with the existing drainage systems which is the results of the urban flood hazards, the unhealthy wet environments and the urban aesthetic blight. In view of these prevailing conditions, the paper recommends a strong sensitization of the urban population on the need to respect the legislation enforced as a move toward the building of sustainable cities. Apart from the raising of public awareness, there should be a strict application of the law in which the demolition of structures that contravene the law should serve as a deterrent to future non compliance. This would be an effective measure for parting with the long standing urban environmental Laissez-faire that has plagued our Cameroonian towns.
Impact of Audit Committee structure on firms’ value in Pakistan: Evidence from the Cement Sector
Authors: Ali Kamran , Amir Muhammad
Published: January 2019

The core tenacity of this study is to check out how the audit committee structure influence on firms’ financial value. With the help of literature, the study sets its main objective and uses penal data of 14 companies from cement sector which covers a period of 4 years from 2013 to 2016. The fixed effect approach is used to get the results of regression. The finding of the empirical outcomes is indicating that the Audit Committee structure has a substantial effect on firms’ financial value. The study used data from one sector and only from Pakistan, due to which the application of results in other sectors and the economy is not strong enough. According to superlative of our understanding, this type of research has conducted for the first time in Pakistan which contributes in the fiction of corporate governance as a showing effect of the audit committee structure on firms’ performance. This article provides helpful information to those who are affiliated with the management authorities when they design the structure of Audit committee, so they should make a good combination of audit committee elements for the better performance of the company.
Building Castles out of Debris: Reuse Interior Design as a ‘Design of the Concrete’
Authors: Appelgren Staffan
Published: January 2019

Large amounts of waste are produced when old furniture is routinely replaced with new as a result of relocations and reorganizations in both the private and the public sector. This article is an anthropological study of reuse interior design, an emerging field of interior design that seeks to enhance sustainability in homes and work spaces through using existing furniture and materials. Redesigners interact with materials not only to explore what they offer within the design concept but also how they may affect that concept. Recent theoretical debates within posthumanism and new materialism illuminate how human and non-human forces together co-produce socio-material outcomes. This perspective is here brought into productive conversation with Claude Lévi-Strauss’ work on the science of the concrete, where he outlines a method for producing new knowledge about the world based on available resources. Building on this conversation, the article argues that the redesigners’ work–assisting existing materials and things in their continuous becoming and turning them into new designs–can be seen as a ‘design of the concrete’. This has wider implications for current debates about the transition into circular economy where recycling, rather than reuse and repair, plays an important role. However, recycling tends to reduce used things simply to their material constituents, depriving them of important social, cultural, and material values. The redesigners’ studio represents a space in which used things and materials are creatively repaired, redesigned or upcycled to be used for new purposes rather than being reduced in material recovery and recycling schemes.
Emotions, Feelings, and Social Change: Love, Anger, and Solidarity in Black Women’s AIDS Activism
Authors: Harris Angelique
Published: January 2019

This paper examines the emotions and feelings that influence AIDS activism work among a sample of black women. HIV/AIDS has disproportionately impacted black communities—black women, in particular. Not only do black women have the highest infection rates among women, but they are also often charged with caring for those infected. Consequently, black women have taken important steps in addressing HIV/AIDS in their communities, yet little is known about the emotions that motivate this activism work. Womanism—and its focus on intersecting identities, spirituality, and social justice—serves as the theoretical framework to examine the thoughts and related emotions expressed during interviews conducted with a sample of 36 activists from across the United States. Findings indicate these women’s activism was often fueled and maintained by feelings of love, anger, and solidarity.
Key to successful hospital acquired pressure injury reduction: Leadership support and engagement
Authors: Creehan Sue , Black Joyce , Santamaria Nick , Fletcher Jacqui , Alves Paulo
Published: January 2019

Most acute care facilities are undergoing a major culture change and transforming into a high reliability organization focused on putting the patient experience first by delivering high quality, safe care. Reducing or eliminating hospital acquired conditions (HAC) fuels many quality improvement (QI) projects and successful reductions are attained when the support is rooted both in senior leadership and at the grassroots level. Yet each HAC requires a unique approach; specifically, pressure injury prevention programs have success with senior leaderships awareness and engagement in the complexities of the clinical and pathologic etiology of pressure injury development. This paper highlights for senior management the following evidence based key elements required for an organization to have a successful pressure injury prevention program: senior leadership engagement, a clinical champion, an interdisciplinary team, unit-based skin champions, nimble processes and access to evidence-based products.
Role of sucrose, pacifier and their combination as pain reliever among preterm neonates during painful procedures
Authors: Yousef Youssria El-Sayed , Zaki Nora Abd-Elhamid , Ali Amal Sayed
Published: January 2019

Background/Objective: The role of sucrose and/or non-nutritive sucking (NNS) has been evaluated for relieving procedural pain in newborn infants with satisfactory results however there was a controversy regarding the synergestic effect of their combination.}Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in the neonatal intensive care unit in Assiut University Children Hospital including 120 preterm neonates who were divided into 4 groups (20 neonates each). Control group received routine hospital care; sucrose group received oral sucrose solution (OS); pacifier group received pacifier; and last group received oral sucrose solution and pacifier during painful procedures. All were assessed regarding socio-demographic and clinical data in addition to application of Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP) scale to assess the levels of pain and mean pain scores pre and post-intervention.Results: The 4 groups were similar regarding soci-demographic and clinical data. The application of the OS and/or pacifier, led to significant improvement of the levels of pain and reduction of the mean score of pain among preterm neonates during painful procedures. In addition, combined pacifier and OS was superior to OS alone and comparable to pacifier alone regarding their effect on the reduction of pain level and mean score of pain.Conclusions: OS and pacifier are effective as pain reliever during painful procedures among preterm neonates. Combined OS and pacifier is superior to OS and pacifier alone.
Reflexiones sobre el trabajo de cuidados: análisis de la experiencia del programa “Ellas Hacen”
Authors: Amaya Guerrero Romina G. , Guerrero Gabriela Nelba , Zangaro Marcela
Published: January 2019

Neste artigo analisaremos o programa "Ellas hace", organizado pelo Ministério do Desenvolvimento Social da Nação Argentina e implementado neste país entre 2013 e abril de 2018. Este programa foi especificamente dirigido a mulheres chefes de família com três ou mais filhos e filhas responsáveis, ou crianças com deficiência, ou em situações de violência de gênero. Realizaremos a análise à luz da perspectiva do cuidado, entendendo que esta é uma dimensão fundamental quando se considera qualquer política pública voltada para o trabalho social da mulher (e, mais especificamente, mulheres em situação de vulnerabilidade) a fim de identificar os pressupostos implícitos e as perspectivas em torno do trabalho de cuidado em particular, presentes no referido programa.
Branding Services in Mature Markets: Evidence from Egypt
Authors: El Naggar Rasha Abdel Aziz , Bendary Noha
Published: January 2019

Branding of services is a challange due to services characteristics. It is even more challanging in mature markets. In mature markets, customers show low levels of brand loyalty, with minimum perceived differences among competing offers. All of these factors raise the complexity of branding services in mature highly competitive markets. This research provides guidance for branding services in such markets. To fulfill the research main aim, Aaker’s (1991) model of branding is extended to include variables of importance, as detected from literature, and confirmed by practitioners. Direct and indirect relationships are tested in the extended model to provide detailed guide to practitioners.

To fulfill the aim of this research, quantitative tools were employed through surveying mobile service industry customers. Confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis were used to test hypotheses of direct and indirect relationships among Aaker’s (1991) model of branding, and variables derived from services marketing literature. All hypotheses were accepted except one. Direct and indirect relationships are justified. This implies that branding in mature markets should be considering direct relationships, as well as, indirect relationships among variables tested. Results of this research are not only of valuable contributions to academics, but also serve as guidance for service marketers operating in similar contexts.
Optimal Method of Runge-Kutta of Order 5
Authors: Michael Akpini K. A. , Richard Assui K , Gozo Yoro , Bale Bailly
Published: January 2019

The Runge-Kutta method of order 5 with 6 stages requires finding a matrix A, whose coefficients must satisfy a system of nonlinear polynomial equations. Butcher found a 5-parameter family of solutions, which displays different characteristics depending on whether b2= 0 or b2, 0. This paper presents an optimal method in the case b2= 0, which is significantly better than several popular methods of order 4.
Mangrove Spatial Distribution in the Indian Sundarbans: Predicting Salinity-Induced Migration in a Changing Climate
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Anirban , Wheeler David , Dasgupta Susmita , Dey Ajanta , Sobhan Istiak
Published: January 2019

This study contributes to understanding the physical and economic impacts of progressive, climate-driven aquatic salinization on the spatial distribution of mangrove species in the Indian Sundarbans, which accounts for about two-fifths of the 10,200 km2 tidal-wetland forest delta. To estimate future mangrove distribution, a five-step analysis was undertaken, using high-resolution spatial assessments. A current (2015) basemap and overlays of salinity tolerance for major mangrove species and their assemblages and projected location-specific aquatic salinity for 2050 were used to predict salinity-induced migration. The results show gain-and-loss patterns, with salt-tolerant species predominating at the expense of freshwater species. These changes are likely to reduce the flow of ecosystem services, adversely affecting the livelihood options of poor people in adjacent areas. Effective management will require establishing baseline data for monitoring system changes over time, protocols for maintaining species health, and support for mangrove regeneration and restoration. Resources should also be directed to alternative livelihoods for mangrove-dependent households. The study recommends an integrated policy approach, focused on rising salinity, changes in mangrove dynamics, and the welfare of mangrove-dependent communities.
Estimation of Crop Water Requirements in Irrigated Land of the Khorezm Oasis in the Context of Climate Change
Authors: Galina Stulina , Georgy Solodkiy , Odilbek Eshtchanov
Published: January 2019

Khorezm province is located in the northwest part of Uzbekistan in the basin of one of largest water sources – the Amu Darya River - and occupies the left bank in the Amu Darya lower reaches. The area of the province is 6,100 km2. The province borders Karakalpakstan in the North, Turkmenistan in the South, and Bukhara province of Uzbekistan in the South-East.

Uzbekistan is situated in the territory, where high rates of climate change are expected and observed. According to forecasts, further climate change would cause even higher air temperatures, altered precipitation patterns and severe and prolonged droughts, with consequent lowering of available water resources. More plausible scenarios for Uzbekistan suggest more than 4°С rise in average annual air temperatures by 2080. Water discharge along the Amu Darya River is expected to decrease potentially by 10-15%.

Objective of given work is to analyze and assess the positive impacts of climate change through alterations of bioclimatic potential in given terrain and agromelioration parameters of crops, with consequent changes in crop water requirements.

Earlier research results showed that the observed growth of thermal potential allows earlier sowing and more rapid accumulation of effective temperatures. This will shorten plant development phases, on the one hand, and, as a result, reduce water use by crops, on the other hand.
Epilogue
Authors: Howard Adam M.
Published: January 2019

In the thirty-five years between the 1917 AFL convention and the beginning of the Amun-Israeli Corporation’s housing construction in 1952, the American labor movement helped shape a foreign nation. Through the financial and political assets of its many organizations, it played a dual role, working within and beyond the framework of state power. American labor leaders supported with words and deeds the Jewish people’s desire to build a social-democratic society based on a strong labor movement. Their goals were both practical and ideological—to assist a fellow labor movement in Palestine, find a refuge for persecuted European Jews, and create an example for other Middle Eastern nations to follow. For all these reasons, the American labor movement utilized its resources in an unprecedented manner and succeeded in its ambitious endeavor. Through the initiative of Jewish labor leaders in the garment industry, the majority of the American labor movement rallied to this cause and acted as a seminal player in an international movement for a Jewish, national home in Palestine....
When Public Opinion Does Not Shape Foreign Policy
Authors: Lucas Scott
Published: January 2019

President Eisenhower easily swept to victory in 1956, defeating Adlai Stevenson, whom he had also beaten in 1952, despite crises and wars that had suddenly flared in Hungary and Egypt. When the events of 1956 are examined through public and private records, the president’s response to these crises appears to confirm his claim that he would not allow policy making to be hostage to the wishes of the public. Instead, he made clear time and again that he would proceed with what he thought was the “right” course for US interests, irrespective of the American public’s reaction to the policy or to his reelection campaign. At the same time, he was ready to invoke public opinion in the United States and throughout the world to try and bend other statesmen to his will.
The Virtues of Moderation
Authors: Allcock Thomas Tunstall
Published: January 2019

While rarely focusing on foreign affairs, studies of the 1964 election generally acknowledge that Lyndon Johnson’s decision to position himself as the moderate to Barry Goldwater’s extremist was a successful campaign tactic. There is little consensus, however, regarding the degree to which international issues affected the election’s outcome. This chapter goes beyond previous studies by providing a more holistic assessment of the complex interrelationship of foreign affairs and electoral politics. In assessing the manner in which foreign affairs shaped the campaigns of both candidates and examining key examples of how electoral concerns shaped Johnson’s thinking on global matters, it makes clear that the issues are inseparable.
Black Masculinity Achieves Nothing without Restorative Care
Authors: Alfaro Ange-Marie Hancock
Published: January 2019

Drawing upon My Bondage and My Freedom and Narrative of the Life of Fredrick Douglass, this chapter explores Douglass’s efforts to build a community with his black male peers during slavery and elucidates a black male ethic of care. It takes the example of Douglass and uses it to show how black males are capable of caring relationships that are distinct from traditional frames of caring relationships. Douglass’s speech “Self-Made Men” is used as a framework for looking at Douglass through an intersectional lens and chronicles how he moved from this hyperindividual stance to the more complex thoughts in Bondage. Going into the friendships Douglass kept in his youth, this chapter uses these examples to describe the “care giver” and “care recipient” roles Douglass took on in his restorative relationships.
Paving the Way for Reagan
Authors: Jurdem Laurence R.
Published: January 2019

The book analyzes the influence of National Review, Human Events, and Commentary on the foreign policy ideas of the Republican Party from 1964–1980. During that eighteen-year period, the publications of conservative opinion provided ideological clarification on important national issues that played a fundamental role in reviving the political fortunes of the American Right, culminating in the election of Ronald Reagan. Those who wrote for these publications used their positions to offer suggestions to conservative policy makers that called for a more confrontational approach toward the Soviet Union and the nations that sought to compromise the United States’ interests around the world. In recommending a shift in foreign policy, Human Events, National Review, and Commentary assisted right-wing decision makers by contributing arguments to revive what these publications believed was a weak and indecisive United States that had become uncertain about its role in the world following the defeat in Vietnam. By criticizing policies, such as détente, or the aggressiveness of the Third World within the United Nations, opinion makers on the Right offered conservative political leaders information and analysis that called for the return of American power in the face of an ever more confident Soviet Union.
Raziskovanje v družinski medicini v Sloveniji
Authors: Petek Šter Marija , Švab Igor , Petek Davorina
Published: January 2019

Primarni nivo zdravstvenega varstva predstavlja vstopno mesto v zdravstveni sistem in od njega je v veliki meri odvisna kakovost in stroškovna vzdržnost zdravstvenega sistema. Raziskovanje je gonilo strokovnega razvoja v skrbi za čim boljšo kakovost oskrbe pacientov.Družinska medicina (DM) v Sloveniji predstavlja največjo specialnost na primarnem nivoju zdravstvenega varstva, ki je na področju raziskovanja v zadnjih desetletjih dosegla velike uspehe.V preglednem prispevku bodo prikazane značilnosti raziskovanja v družinski medicini, predstavljena vključenost raziskovanja v različne nivoje izobraževalnega procesa in delo v praksi ter nakazani  izzivi, ki družinsko medicino kot znanstveno in raziskovalno vedo čakajo v prihodnje.
Corruption in contemporary politics
Authors: Newell James L.
Published: January 2019

This book provides an accessible account of current thinking about political corruption, recognising that the phenomenon is a serious problem: since it infringes rules defining legitimate and illegitimate means of the acquisition of wealth and the exercise of power, corruption damages the interests of the advantaged and disadvantaged alike. The advantaged find that wealth cannot be pursued and maintained safely, the disadvantaged that development is thwarted and resources redistributed from the poor to the rich. Against this background, the book takes the reader on a journey – a journey that begins with what corruption is, why its study might be important and how it can be measured. From there it moves on to explore corruption’s causes, its consequences and how it can be tackled – before finally discovering how these things are playing out in the established liberal democracies, in the former communist regimes and in what used to be commonly referred to as ‘the third world’. On the way it takes a couple of detours – first, to ascertain how the minimum of trust necessary for the corrupt transaction to take place at all is established and underwritten, and second to survey the phenomenon of scandal – to which corruption may give rise. The book is therefore offered as an informative ‘travel guide’ of potential interest to journalists and policy makers as well as to students and academics researching matters on which political corruption has a bearing.
Definitions of political corruption, and why study corruption
Authors: Newell James L.
Published: January 2019

Low and declining levels of trust in politicians, prompted in part by perceptions that they are too often to be found engaged in corruption and other forms of wrong-doing has in recent years turned corruption itself into a high-profile political issue. Against this background, the chapter considers what political corruption is, or might be, for the study of anything requires having a clear understanding of its nature. Then it discusses the different types of corruption to be found, and finally it says something about why their study might be important. The chapter argues that, understood as the adulteration of public by private interests, corruption is a relatively modern notion; suggests that it is possible to distinguish between four types of corruption understood in principal-agent terms, and makes the case that corruption is, as an object of study, important for its incidence and its effects.
Political corruption in the developing and newly industrialised states
Authors: Newell James L.
Published: January 2019

Distinguishing between less developed, or developing, countries, on the one hand, and newly industrialised countries (NICs) on the other, the chapter discusses, first, the extent and causes of corruption in these countries; second the effects of corruption there, and finally, attempts to combat it. The chapter argues that the problems of corruption in the two types of country are of a somewhat different order of magnitude deriving, ultimately, from their distinctive characteristics. These are, in the case of the developing countries, limited manufacturing sectors; dependence on raw materials, or agricultural commodities, for export earnings (and therefore unusually heavily reliance on world markets over which they have little control); weak states. In the NICs, stronger states have enabled them to undergo rapid industrialisation and urbanisation such as to lead them, in terms of (what is often export-led) growth, to outpace their developing-country counterparts. Consequently, relatively high levels of corruption in the NICs have not been as strong a break on economic and social improvement as they have in the developing countries.
Elizabethan chroniclers and parliament
Authors: Archer Ian W.
Published: January 2019

Chronicles remained the dominant form of historical writing throughout the sixteenth century, and contained much material about the relationship of parliament and the crown and the wider political community. But how coherent a view of parliament could be derived from the chronicles? That is the question addressed by this essay, primarily through Holinshed, but with reference to the other chronicles on which his account was built. Holinshed included some key texts on parliament, including William Harrison’s reworking of Sir Thomas Smith’s account in De republica Anglorum (1583), significantly enhancing parliament’s role on the succession and church reform, and John Hooker’s Order and Usage (1572), inserted into the Irish section. But Holinshed famously left his chronicles open to variant readings. There was little interest in parliament’s institutional development, or commonwealth legislation, but much more interest in parliament as the bringer of hated taxes, and in the politics of parliaments, particularly relating to monarchical succession. It is argued that readers might take away various understandings from the chronicles, but that in any case the chronicles tended to focus less on institutional structures than on the moral qualities of the country’s leaders who operated them.
Institutional memory and contemporary history in the House of Commons, 1547–1640
Authors: Seaward Paul
Published: January 2019

Parliament in the course of a century after 1547 became almost certainly the best-recorded institution in Britain. This essay considers the nature of institutional memory in the late sixteenth-and early seventeenth-century House of Commons. It concerns firstly the nature and quality of institutional memory, and how, while it relied considerably on non-inscribed memory, it changed with the growth of the written record. It discusses the importance of precedent to parliamentarians, and how precedents were identified and selectively used. But more broadly it considers how written records, both of a formal and official nature and a private and unofficial kind, were developed over the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in order to generate a narrative about parliament that helps to consolidate its landmark status. As a result, parliament came to be recognised and revered as the key institution in the relationship between the state and the individual.
Independents in Irish party democracy
Authors: Weeks Liam
Published: January 2019

While in almost all competitive political systems parties are omnipotent at elections, in Ireland independents (non-party MPs) remain significant players. At the Irish general election in 2016, independents won 23 of the 157 contested seats, proportionally the highest level of elected independent representation in the national parliament of any established democracy since 1950, and more than the combined total in all other industrial democracies. Not only have independents in Ireland persisted, but they have also had a significant political impact. Regularly holding the balance of power as kingmakers in hung parliaments where no party or coalition has an overall majority, independents have been able to use this position to extract policy influence. The purpose of the book is to examine and explain this persistence of the independent phenomenon in a stable party democracy. With Ireland as the primary case, but also using comparative data, it assesses how and why independents can endure in a democracy that is one of the oldest surviving in Europe and has historically had one of the most stable party systems. The central premise is that it is due to the permissiveness of the Irish political system, in terms of a conducive political culture and institutions, electoral record and key relevance, which all combine to facilitate independents’ emergence.
The independent voter
Authors: Weeks Liam
Published: January 2019

The aim of this chapter is to provide an insight into the make-up of the independent voter. Four features of the independent vote are examined in this chapter. The first concerns the socio-economic basis to the independent vote, the second feature examined is the extent to which support for independents is a personalistic and localistic vote, the third concerns party detachment, while the fourth feature examined is the protest element of the independent vote. These features feed back to the central thesis of this study that there are factors at play in Ireland that are permissive of independents. An important finding is that a vote for independents is not a completely irrational, aberrant vote. The presence of some consistent features suggests there is a logical structure to the independent vote. Under certain permissive conditions, such as a localistic and personalistic political culture, and a declining attachment to political parties, support for independents is greater.
Governing public health in England and Denmark
Authors: Triantafillou Peter , Vucina Naja
Published: January 2019

The chapter provides a solid understanding of the historical and political contexts of the obesity and recovery-oriented interventions analysed in the proceeding chapter. The wider purpose of this historical and political contextualisation is to provide an insight into the ways in which health promotion is unfolding in England and Denmark. We argue that three general strategies can be linked to the governing of health in both countries: prevention, cure, and promotion. These are distinct but nevertheless interrelated strategies. All three strategies are relevant today, but health promotion has come to play a hitherto unseen important role in Danish and English health policies since around 1990.
Introduction: remapping early modern literature
Authors: Augustine Matthew C.
Published: January 2019

The argument of this book follows two main themes: the first has to do with periodicity; the second with politics, especially as a framework within which to view seventeenth-century literature. This chapter maps the disciplinary paradigms which have long produced a view of the seventeenth century saturated by high-definition contrasts: between the earlier and later Stuart periods, but also between factions and ideologies. It then asks what it would look like to write the history of seventeenth-century literature anew, to tell a story about imaginative and polemical writing in this age that remained open to accident and unevenness, to contradiction and uncertainty. Giving illustrative consideration to John Dryden, Andrew Marvell, and John Milton, the chapter begins to suggest some new ways of conceiving how these writers might relate to one other and to the politics and aesthetics of a long seventeenth century.