bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effects of type and token frequency on word length: a cross-linguistic study
Authors: Berg Thomas , Zörnig Peter , Lehr Charlotte
Published: November 2022

Inspired by Zipf’s Law of Abbreviation, previous research was mostly directed at the interaction of word length and token frequency. Much less is known about the relationship of word length and type frequency, let alone about the differential impact of type and token frequency on word length. These issues are examined on the basis of a non-representative sample of 10 languages. The token frequency analysis reveals that 8 of the 10 languages show a monotonic decrease in frequency with increasing length while 2 languages reveal a unimodal distribution. By contrast, all 10 languages exhibit a rise followed by a monotonic drop of the frequency curve in the type frequency analysis. There appears to be a notable effect of type frequency on the nature of the token frequency distribution: the greater the average length of the words in the lexicon, the higher the probability of a unimodal distribution. Two principles are required to account for these results—a general dispreference for using long words and a language-particular dispreference for short words in the lexicon.
Evaluation of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) polymer reinforced with Bi and TiO2 nanopowders for gamma and neutron shielding
Authors: Gultekin Batuhan , Ogul Hasan
Published: November 2022

3D printer technology has recently become easily reachable technology and are used to create simple or complex structures with high-quality. Its superior advantages could also be useful on the production of effective radiation shielding materials. On this purpose, the presented work studies the gamma and neutron shielding effectiveness of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) sample, a 3D printing material, reinforced with Bi and TiO2 nanopowders at various gamma and neutron energies. The gamma shielding properties were evaluated using experimental (High Purity Germanium detector system), theoretical (WinXCOM computer program) and simulation techniques (GEANT4 and FLUKA) in a wide gamma energy region ranging from 59.5 to 1332.5 keV. The investigation on neutron attenuation capabilities of the printed composites were performed with help of simulation and theoretical approaches for various sample thickness and neutron energies. The half value layer of ABS-Bi10 sample is found to be as 4.9565 cm, which is much smaller than some commercial polymers: polyvinylidenechloride, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, polyphenylenesulfide, and unsaturated polyester. With the usage of 3D printing technology, significant enhancements in neutron and gamma shielding were reported.
ESPAÇOS LIVRES E DINÂMICAS URBANAS
Authors: Meira Engel Ernestina Rita , Franceschet Goettems Renata
Published: November 2022

Os sistemas de espaços livres, juntamente com a forma urbana, são elementos estruturadores dos espaços urbanos. Os estudos sobre o tema possuem relevância no planejamento de cidades pequenas e médias, visto o elevado número de estudos em cidades de grande porte. O trabalho objetiva o estudo da orla ferroviária da cidade de Carazinho, no Noroeste Rio-Grandense, buscando compreender a inserção da ferrovia enquanto espaço livre e sua relação com o entorno urbano. Compreende-se que as ferrovias, e espaços adjacentes, conformam espaços livres importantes nas dinâmicas urbanas, merecendo atenção quanto ao planejamento. Como metodologia, baseou-se em conceitos de autores contemporâneos, embasando estudos sobre espaços livres e subsidiando análises sobre morfologia urbana, uso do solo, aspectos socioespaciais, entre outros. Com base nas análises, poderá ser avaliada a qualidade ambiental dos espaços urbanos, e potencial da orla ferroviária em integrar um sistema de espaços livres de conexão na malha urbana.
JANELAS DE SANTA TEREZA
Authors: Zanella Márcio , Araújo Portella Adriana , Naoumova Natalia
Published: November 2022

Aborda sobre a percepção ambiental da paisagem cultural de pequenas cidades históricas, a partir do uso dos mapas mentais. A superação dos entraves para ordenamento e preservação da paisagem carece do aprimoramento das técnicas para reconhecimento, monitoramento e salvaguarda. Neste contexto a janela é caracterizada como campo de estudo das ferramentas da percepção ambiental, considerando usuários de bens arquitetônicos em sítios preservados. O objetivo é analisar o potencial dos mapas mentais como método para o estudo da janela em paisagens culturais. Toma-se como objeto de estudo um exemplar do patrimônio arquitetônico de Santa Tereza/RS, onde os mapas mentais foram aplicados num grupo de sete usuários. Os resultados demonstram o potencial favorável para indicar focos qualificados das janelas relacionados à paisagem do lugar, compreendendo aspectos físicos e subjetivos. Conclui-se que o campo visual e o foco da janela interferem diretamente na percepção da paisagem vivida.
RASTROS DA HISTÓRIA GEOGRÁFICA DO MENOR
Authors: Maciel Gonçalves Gustavo , Neto de Faria Ana Paula
Published: November 2022

Este artigo busca demonstrar a importância de uma compreensão aprofundada de fenômenos vinculados às pequenas localidades e apresenta um estudo com informações sobre fenômenos histórico-geográficos relacionados à Colônia de Pescadores Z3, uma vila de pescadores de Pelotas/RS. O objetivo é o de dar visibilidade à sua história geográfica e cultural. O estudo foi conduzido através de: pesquisa bibliográfica e cartográfica, mapeamentos e levantamentos fotográficos do território e da paisagem local em diferentes períodos temporais e análises e interpretação dos levantamentos. Os resultados demonstram aspectos da trajetória de ocupação do território e da identidade estética e cultural da localidade: a) origem e trajetória; b) características e limitações impostas por fatores ambientais, territoriais e socioeconômicos; e considerações sobre c) o ambiente cultural e d) a evolução da forma urbana. Ao fim, são feitas considerações, buscando-se problematizar de forma crítica a situação na qual se encontra a localidade atualmente.
DAS MARGENS AO CENTRO
Authors: Reys Paulo , Konrath Germana
Published: November 2022

Este texto aborda um modo de produção do espaço urbano que é problematizado a partir da arte. Nosso olhar crítico recai sobre um saber-fazer oriundo da arquitetura e do urbanismo, validado pelo mercado, seguidor de modelos de excelência e de conhecimento técnico formal, legitimado pela Academia – aqui identificado com a ideia de arquitetura maior. O fundamento teórico é a noção de menor em Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari (2015), entrecruzada com as noções de estética e política em Jacques Rancière (2009). Já o mote empírico é a prática artística do mexicano Héctor Zamora, aqui representada por dois trabalhos recentes: Paracaidista, Av. Revolución 1608 Bis, 2004; e Bar Las Divas (Sustracción/ Adición), de 2007. O resultado é um tensionamento, disparado pela arte, desse saber-fazer hegemônico. Nas experiências estéticas de Zamora, o tradicional movimento centro-margens é invertido para margens-centro, nos convidando a refletir sobre modos informais e menores de produção do espaço.
URBANISMO TÁTICO E A EXPERIÊNCIA DO MENOR
Authors: Araújo de Oliveira Mariana , Rêgo de Carvalho Manuela Cristina , Picanço Bentes Sobrinha Maria Dulce , Da Costa Ataíde Ruth Maria
Published: November 2022

A Vila Neuma, localizada na área periférica da cidade de Iguatu, Nordeste do Brasil, se apresenta como uma pequena localidade às margens dos investimentos públicos e do interesse do capital, mas que, a partir da sua comunidade, se sobrepõe às suas dificuldades a partir de um existir comum. Nesse contexto, busca-se apresentar uma experiência de reestruturação de um espaço público pelo urbanismo tático, pela participação coletiva e valorização dos saberes locais, realizada por meio de uma metodologia participativa, que produziu diagnósticos e um plano de bairro. Essa intervenção constitui-se como objeto deste artigo que tem por objetivo refletir sobre o urbanismo tático a partir da literatura do menor. Dessa forma, essa discussão é orientada pelos estudos de Aparna Udayasuriyan, Jeffrey Hou, Lydon e Garcia, e Neil Brenner. Discute-se como esse tipo de ação contribui para gerar soluções táticas de transformação dentro de pequenos espaços, como bairros ou mesmo cidades.
MERCADO PÚBLICO EM SÃO LUIZ GONZAGA
Authors: Rosa Durão Camila , Sarzi Ledur Ana Paula , Portolan dos Santos Ísis
Published: November 2022

O mercado público é capaz de transmitir a cultura do local além do âmbito da gastronomia. A partir dessa premissa, o presente artigo trata do embasamento teórico e elaboração projetual de um mercado público desenvolvido durante a graduação no Curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Tendo como local de intervenção o pequeno município de São Luiz Gonzaga (RS), foram estudados conceitos relativos a esse espaço menor como a agricultura familiar e seu contexto cultural. Foram realizados estudos de referência, levantamentos e diagnósticos. A partir disso, tendo como conceito o resgate das raízes culturais formadoras da sociedade são-luizense, são propostas as diretrizes projetuais. Os zoneamentos e a planta baixa distribuíram-se a partir da praça de alimentação, que simboliza o elemento de união entre essas culturas. Assim, tem-se uma proposta projetual que cumpre com suas principais diretrizes: o respeito ao local, a cultura e aos usuários.
Faster Detection of “Darks” than “Brights” by Monkey Superior Colliculus Neurons
Authors: Malevich Tatiana , Zhang Tong , Baumann Matthias P. , Bogadhi Amarender R. , Hafed Ziad M.
Published: November 2022

Visual processing is segregated into ON and OFF channels as early as in the retina, and the superficial (output) layers of the primary visual cortex (V1) are dominated by neurons preferring dark stimuli. However, it is not clear how the timing of neural processing differs between “darks” and “brights” in general, especially in light of psychophysical evidence; it is also equally not clear how subcortical visual pathways that are critical for active orienting represent stimuli of positive (luminance increments) and negative (luminance decrements) contrast polarity. Here, we recorded from all visually-responsive neuron types in the superior colliculus (SC) of two male rhesus macaque monkeys. We presented a disk (0.51° radius) within the response fields (RFs) of neurons, and we varied, across trials, stimulus Weber contrast relative to a gray background. We also varied contrast polarity. There was a large diversity of preferences for darks and brights across the population. However, regardless of individual neural sensitivity, most neurons responded significantly earlier to dark than bright stimuli. This resulted in a dissociation between neural preference and visual response onset latency: a neuron could exhibit a weaker response to a dark stimulus than to a bright stimulus of the same contrast, but it would still have an earlier response to the dark stimulus. Our results highlight an additional candidate visual neural pathway for explaining behavioral differences between the processing of darks and brights, and they demonstrate the importance of temporal aspects in the visual neural code for orienting eye movements.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTObjects in our environment, such as birds flying across a bright sky, often project shadows (or images darker than the surround) on our retina. We studied how primate superior colliculus (SC) neurons visually process such dark stimuli. We found that the overall population of SC neurons represented both dark and bright stimuli equally well, as evidenced by a relatively equal distribution of neurons that were either more or less sensitive to darks. However, independent of sensitivity, the great majority of neurons detected dark stimuli earlier than bright stimuli, evidenced by a smaller response latency for the dark stimuli. Thus, SC neural response latency can be dissociated from response sensitivity, and it favors the faster detection of dark image contrasts.
The Resurrection of a Ghost City
Authors: O’Brien Lauren C.
Published: November 2022

In 1993, a glimpse into Newark’s history of enslavement was accidentally resurrected when New Jersey Performing Arts Center (NJPAC) construction workers uncovered a nineteenth-century interracial burial ground. Despite public protests to halt construction and conduct an in-depth archaeological study, NJPAC officials continued construction, arguing that the site was not a “real” African burial ground. Highlighting the relationship between urban renewal, historic preservation, and Black land dispossession, this paper argues that Black Newarkers’ activism to define the Trinity Church Cemetery as an African burial ground served as a radical political act in legitimizing their place within an evolving Newark.
From a Tabula Rasa to the Governor’s Award for Historic Preservation
Authors: Bacha-Garza Roseann , González Juan L. , Miller Christopher L. , Skowronek Russell K.
Published: November 2022

Prior to 2009, South Texas was essentially an archaeological tabula rasa, largely unknown in the academic, public, or grey literature due to its location far from research universities, the state historic preservation office, and cultural resource management firms. Here, we relate how a consortium of anthropologists and archaeologists, biologists, historians, geologists, and geoarchaeologists have embraced a locally focused, place-based STEAM research approach to tell the story of a largely unknown region of the United States and make it accessible to K–17 educators,1 the public, and scholars with bilingual maps, books, exhibits, films, traveling trunks, and scholarly publications. The efforts of the Community Historical Archaeology Project with Schools Program at the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley have been recognized locally, nationally, and internationally.
The Power of Collaborative Public Scholarship
Authors: Larkin Karin
Published: November 2022

Work conducted by the Colorado Coalfield War Archaeology Project and Ludlow Centennial Commemoration Commission offers a longitudinal example of the power of collaborative public scholarship. After defining collaborative public archaeology, the article discusses issues around identifying descendant communities and other stakeholders, building and maintaining relationships, and the political nature of public archaeology and stewardship. While the collaborative experiences described here were unique, the lessons are widely applicable. The goal in sharing these lessons is to illustrate the importance of maintaining relationships with descendant communities after the completion of a project and exemplify the wide impact of well-designed collaborative public archaeology.
Improving the efficiency of a GaInP solar cell using an AlGaAs buffer layer by optimizing the thicknesses of the PN junction
Authors:   LATSI Laboratory, Department of electronics, Faculty of Technology, University of Saad Dahlab Blida1, Blida 09000, Algeria, Djedoui L. , Aissat A. ,   LATSI Laboratory, Department of electronics, Faculty of Technology, University of Saad Dahlab Blida1, Blida 09000, Algeria, Djemouai A. ,   ETA Laboratory, Department of electronics, Faculty of technology, University Bordj Bou Arreridj, Bordj Bou Arreridj 34000, Algeria, Vilcot J. ,   Institute of Electronics, Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), UMR CNRS 8520, University of Sciences and Technologies of Lille 1, Avenue Poincare, 60069, 59652 Villeneuve of Ascq, France
Published: November 2022

In this work, the design and simulation of an GaInP single junction solar cell are presented. The work focuses mainly on the optimization of the PN junction thicknesses of n-base and pemitter cell layers in order to improve the cell conversion efficiency. Besides this optimization, the layers of the cell window AlGaInP and an added buffer AlGaAs were also optimized in term of doping and thicknesses using Atlas tool of SILVACO TCAD. The cell is simulated under the conditions of 1 sun and AM1.5G solar spectrum at 25°C. The simulated GaInP solar cell demonstrates an efficiency (𝜂𝜂) of 22.42%. The cell shows different electrical behaviors in terms of short circuit current density (Jsc), open circuit voltage (Voc), fill factor (FF), and external quantum efficiency (EQE). The obtained results are compared with those reported in the literature. Simulation results of the cell are: a Jsc of 18.35 mA/cm2 , Voc of 1.41 V and FF of 86.81% with the corresponding n-base layer and pemitter layer thickness of 0.410 µm and 0.174 µm respectively and the total device thickness of 0.65 µm. According to these results, the proposed cell demonstrates an improvement in the efficiency and a reduction of the used GaInP material.
Effect of Motivation, Work Environment and Leadership on Employee Performance with Work Spirit as Intervening Variable
Authors: Handriyani Syafitri , Very Jhon , Putra Ramdani Bayu , Fitri Hermaynelis
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to determine how much the effect of motivation, work environment and leadership on employee performance with work spirit as an intervening variable at Wali Nagari Setara Nanggalo. The method of data collection was by distributing questionnaires to 30 respondents which were distributed to employees at the office of Wali Nagari Setara Nanggalo, Koto XI Tarusan District, Pesisir Selatan Regency. The analytical method used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) Analysis with Partial Leats Square (PLS) 3. The results showed that motivation had a positive and significant effect on employee performance, work environment had a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Leadership had a positive and significant effect on employee performance, Motivation had a positive and significant effect on work spirit. The work environment had a positive and significant effect on work spirit, leadership had a positive and significant effect on work spirit. Based on the results of this study, it is expected that the employees of the office of Wali Nagari Setara Nanggalo, Koto XI Tarusan District, Pesisir Selatan Regency can improve their performance by improving motivation, work environment and leadership by increasing work spirit.
Analysis of Budgetary Slack Trigger Determinants in State Universities
Authors: Suprapti Suprapti , Widyastuti Ariyani , Setiawan Avi Budi
Published: November 2022

This study aims to analyze the factors that are thought to influence the occurrence of budgetary slack. The method used in this study is a quantitative approach, with a research sample of 50 active employees at the State University of Semarang. The data processing method used in this study is multiple linear regression using SPSS 26 software. Based on the analysis that has been carried out, several research results obtained that budget participation, organizational commitment and self-esteem have a significant negative effect on the occurrence of Budgetary Slack. This means that when a company is able to increase the budget participation of its employees and is supported by the high organizational commitment of its employees, it will significantly minimize the occurrence of fraudulent financial reporting such as Budgetary Slack. Furthermore, information asymmetry and self-esteem variables have a significant positive effect on the occurrence of Budgetary Slack.
Methods for Evaluation of the Effectiveness Level of the Territorial Community’s Development Strategy
Authors: Boryshkevych Iryna , Yakubiv Valentyna , Zawicki Marcin
Published: November 2022

The article considers the importance of forming a strategy for the development of territories. It is important for each territorial community to model its future development with a high quality of life, equal access to services and comfortable living conditions. The strategy is a roadmap for community development, which is formed to achieve important long-term goals and a vision, taking into account the internal strengths and weaknesses of the community, external opportunities and threats, and reducing uncertainty about the future. A methodology for assessing the effectiveness level of the territorial community development strategy based on expert criteria assessment has been developed. Among the criteria for evaluating the strategy are the following: the analytical part of the development strategy, stakeholder survey, composition of the working group on strategy development, SWOT analysis, development scenarios, the presence of the vision and its compliance with the established criteria, the mission and its compliance with the established criteria, availability of the formed Action Plan, visualization of the development strategy, consideration of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals in the strategy, preservation of the principle of decomposition and monitoring of the strategy implementation. The strategy of development of the territorial community can be characterized by low, medium and high levels of efficiency. The results of the expert assessment make it possible to determine the index of the effectiveness of the local community development strategy. Approbation of the developed methodology on the example of territorial communities of Ivano-Frankivsk district is carried out. Strategies for the development of the studied territorial communities are characterized by an average level of efficiency. The most common shortcomings of most strategies are lack of development scenarios, lack of mission and failure to take into account the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, and failure to take into account SMART criteria when setting operational goals. A methodical approach to assessing the effectiveness level of the strategy of development of the territorial community will increase the level of its effectiveness and increase the responsibility for the implementation of the strategy.
Role of erosive and ulcerative gastric lesions in the development of hemorrhagic complications in liver cirrhosis
Authors:   Bogomolets National Medical University, Department of Surgery No. 2, Kyiv, Ukrainе, Kolosovych I.V. , Hanol I.V. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Department of Surgery No. 2, Kyiv, Ukrainе, Halil Uzun ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Department of Surgery No. 2, Kyiv, Ukrainе
Published: November 2022

We present the results of the treatment of 135 patients with a hepatic form of portal hypertension (liver cirrhosis) that have been hospitalized in the clinic of the Department of Surgery No. 2 in Bogomolets National Medical University within the period from 2011 to 2020. The aim of our study was to reveal the factors of the development of erosive and ulcerative gastric lesions in liver cirrhosis and their role in the occurrence of hemorrhagic complications. Based on studies of the rheological properties of gastric mucus, it was found that one of the leading factors in the development of erosive and ulcerative stomach lesions in portal hypertension is increased transcapillary filtration in the edematous-ascitic stage of liver cirrhosis. As a result, portal stagnation and reduced colloid mucus-bicarbonate barrier of the stomach led to the development of actual gastric ulcers. Erosive and ulcerative lesions on a part of the gastric mucosa were found in 66 (48.9%) of patients with cirrhosis of the liver, and in 45.2% of cases (28 persons) they were complicated by gastric bleeding development. Pathogenetic treatment of gastric ulcer-erosive bleeding in portal hypertension, against the background of the use of endoscopic hemostasis, should be aimed at strengthening the protective properties of the mucous-bicarbonate barrier of the stomach. Successful results of surgical treatment were achieved in 64.3% of patients. The overall mortality in liver cirrhosis complicated by gastric bleeding from ulcerative lesions of the stomach was 21.4% (6 patients died), and postoperative mortality was 25% (2 patients died).
Obesity in Children
Authors: Nagpal Nikita , Messito Mary Jo , Katzow Michelle , Gross Rachel S.
Published: November 2022

Child obesity is widely prevalent, and general pediatricians play an important role in identifying and caring for patients with obesity. Appropriate evaluation and treatment require an understanding of the complex etiology of child obesity, its intergenerational transmission, and its epidemiologic trends, including racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities. The American Academy of Pediatrics has published screening, evaluation, and treatment guidelines based on the best available evidence. However, gaps in evidence remain, and implementation of evidence-based recommendations can be challenging. It is important to review optimal care in both the primary care and multidisciplinary weight management settings. This allows for timely evaluation and appropriate referrals, with the pediatrician playing a key role in advocating for patients at higher risk. There is also a role for larger-scale prevention and policy measures that would not only aid pediatricians in managing obesity but greatly benefit child health on a population scale.
Diz Osteoartritli Hastalarda Su İçi Egzersiz Tedavisinin Ağrı, Kas Kuvveti ve Fonksiyonelliğe Etkisi
Authors: ÇİÇEK Tansu , GÜZEL Şükran , YOSMAOĞLU Baran
Published: November 2022

Çalışmanın amacı; diz osteoartritli (OA) hastalarda su içi egzersiz tedavisinin ağrı, kas kuvveti ve fonksiyonelliğe olan etkisini değerlendirerek, kara egzersizlerinin etkinliği ile karşılaştırmaktır. Rutin fizik tedavi alan hastalar su içi egzersiz (n=20) ve kara egzersiz grubu (n=20) olmak üzere ikiye ayrılmıştır. Kara egzersiz grubuna; Ultrason, Transkuteneal Elektriksel Sinir Stimulasyonu (TENS), Sıcak Paket, Kısa Dalga Diatermi (KDD) ve kassal kuvvetlendirme içeren egzersiz programı uygulanmıştır. Su içi egzersiz grubuna ise kara egzersiz programına ek olarak su içi egzersiz tedavisi uygulanmıştır. Hastalar 10 günlük tedavi sürecinde ilk tedavi öncesi ve son tedavi sonrası değerlendirilmişlerdir. Her iki gruba da tedavi öncesi ve sonrası; Western Ontario ve McMaster Üniversiteleri Osteoartrit İndeksi (WOMAC), Tampa Kinezyofobi Ölçeği (TKÖ), Fiziksel Aktivite Değerlendirme Anketi (FADA), İyileşme Algısı Ölçeği, Görsel Analog Skalası (VAS) uygulanmıştır. Kalça fleksör, ekstansör, abdüktör, addüktör ve diz fleksör, ekstansör kas kuvvetleri el dinamometresi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuçta, kara ve su içi grupları arasında istatistiksel fark bulunamamıştır (p>0,05). Ancak diz fleksiyon kuvveti su içi grupta daha fazla artış göstemiştir (p=0,001). Sonuç olarak; her iki egzersiz tipi ağrı, kas kuvveti ve fonksiyonellik açısından OA’lı hastalarda faydalı bir tedavi yaklaşımıdır. Ancak egzersiz tedavi programına ek olarak yapılan su içi uygulamaların kayda değer etkisi yoktur. OA’lı hastalarda iyi planlanmış egzersiz programı hem karada hem de su içerisinde uygulanması hastaların iyileşmesi için faydalı bir yaklaşımdır.
High throughput virtual screening strategy to develop a potential treatment for bronchial asthma by targeting interleukin 13 cytokine signaling
Authors: Jing Junhu , Tong Humin , Ma Qin
Published: November 2022

Chronic inflammation in the airway passage leads to the clinical syndrome of pediatric asthma. Allergic reactions caused by bacterial, viral, and fungal infection lead to the immune dis-balance which primes T helper cells (Th2), a specific cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) T cell differentiation. This favors the Th2-specific response by activating the inter-leukin 4/interleukin 13 (IL-4/IL-13) cytokine signaling and further activates the secretion of immunoglobulin E (IgE). IL-13 develops bronchial asthma by elevating bronchial hyperre-sponsiveness and enables production of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgE. The present study aims to target IL-13 signaling using molecular docking and understanding molecular dynamic simulation (MDS) to propose a compelling candidate to treat asthma. We developed a library of available allergic drugs (n=20) and checked the binding affinity against IL-13 protein (3BPN.pdb) through molecular docking and confirmed the best pose binding energy of –3.84 and –3.71 for epinephrine and guaifenesin, respectively. Studying the interaction of hydrogen bonds and Van der Walls, it is estimated that electrostatic energy is sufficient to interact with the active site of the IL-13 and has shown to inhibit inflammatory signaling. These computational results confirm epinephrine and guaifenesin as potential ligands showing potential inhibitory activity for IL-13 signaling. This study also suggests the designing of a new ligand and screening of a large cohort of drugs, in the future, to predict the exact mechanism to control the critical feature of asthma.
Dimethyl itaconate inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory release and apoptosis in alveolar type II epithelial and bronchial epithelial cells by activating pulmonary surfactant proteins A and D
Authors: Shi Yun , Yin Huaiqing
Published: November 2022

Background: Injury to the lung is a common, clinically serious inflammatory disease. However, its pathogenesis remains unclear, and the existing treatments, including cytokine therapy, stem cell therapy, and hormone therapy, are not completely effective in treating this disease. Dimethyl itaconate (DMI) is a surfactant with important anti-inflammatory effects.
Objective: The present study used alveolar type II (AT II) and bronchial epithelial cells as models to determine the role of DMI in lung injury.
Material and Methods: First, the effects of DMI were established on the survival, inflammatory release, and apoptosis in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced AT II and bronchial epithelial cells. The association between DMI and Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) was assessed using molecular docking. Next, by constructing interference plasmids to inhibit surfactant protein (SP)-A and SP-D expressions, the effect of DMI was observed on inflammatory release and apoptosis.
Results: The results revealed that DMI increased the survival rate and expression levels of SP-A, SP-D, and SIRT1, and inhibited inflammatory factors as well as apoptosis in LPS-induced cells. Furthermore, DMI could bind to SIRT1 to regulate SP-A and SP-D expressions. After SP-A and SP-D expressions were inhibited, the inhibitory effect of DMI was reversed on inflamma-tory release and apoptosis.
Conclusion: The findings of the present study revealed that DMI inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory release and apoptosis in cells by targeting SIRT1 and then activating SP-A and SP-D. This novel insight into the pharmacological mechanism of DMI lays the foundation for its later use for alleviating lung injury.
Analysis of response of severe eosinophilic asthmatic patients to benralizumab
Authors: Miralles-López Juan Carlos , Andújar-Espinosa Rubén , Bravo-Gutiérrez Francisco Javier , Castilla-Martínez Manuel , Flores-Martín Isabel , Alemany-Francés María Loreto , Pajarón-Fernández Manuel José , Mora-González Ana , Cabrejos-Perotti Sheila , El-Molaka Zouhair , Meseguer-Arce José , Avilés-Inglés María Jesús , Valverde-Molina José , Pérez-Fernández Virginia , RE-ASGRAMUR GROUP
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Clinical trials and real-life studies have been published showing effectiveness of benralizumab in severe eosinophilic asthmatic patients. The aim of the present study is to describe super-responders to benralizumab in a series of 79 patients who completed at least 1 year of treatment, and to compare super-responders with non super-responders.
Methods: This is a multicenter study of the Register of Severe Asthma of the Region of Murcia (RE-ASGRAMUR) Group performed in eight hospitals under the conditions of routine clinical practice. Patients with zero exacerbations and no oral corticosteroid therapy for asthma were considered super-responders. We analyzed clinical, functional, and inflammatory parameters of selected patients.Results: In all, 50 of the 79 patients (63%) met the super-responder criteria. In addition, 36% of the patients (26/71) were considered as complete responders to treatment (superresponder + Asthma Control Test [ACT] ≥ 20 + forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV1] ≥ 80%). The super-responders were significantly older in age (P = 0.0029), had higher eosinophils count (P = 0.0423), higher proportion of nasal polyps (P = 0.036), and they had less severe disease at baseline. After 1 year of treatment, the super-responders had higher levels of ACT questionnaire (23 vs 19, P = 0.0007) and better percentage of FEV1 (83 vs 75, P = 0.0359).
Conclusion: Almost two of the three patients treated with benralizumab were super-responders after 1 year of treatment and 36% had a complete response. Super-responders were associated with older age, higher eosinophils count, had nasal polyposis as comorbidity, and had less severe disease at baseline. This data illustrated the good real-life response of patients with severe eosinophilic asthma to the treatment with benralizumab.
Urolithin A induces protective autophagy to alleviate inflammation, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in pediatric pneumonia
Authors: Cao Xingli , Wan Hong , Wan Hao
Published: November 2022

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect of urolithin A (UA) on pediatric pneumonia and the underlying mechanisms.
Methods: The pediatric infantile pneumonia model was constructed by intratracheal induction of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in 1-week-old C57BL/6 mice (male, 4–5 g). UA was also injected intraperitoneally. Lung tissues in each group were examined by histological analysis. Autophagy, inflammation, and oxidative stress were assessed by enzyme-linked-immunosorbent serologic assay and immunoblot analysis. Moreover, pyrophosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress were also evaluated by immunoblot analysis.
Results: UA alleviated lung inflammation in mice, and inhibited cell pyrophosis. In addition, UA A relieved both oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Furthermore, we found that UA alleviated pneumonia damage by inducing protective autophagy.
Conclusion: UA induced protective autophagy to alleviate inflammation, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in pediatric pneumonia.
Knockdown of DAPK1 attenuates IL-1β-induced extracellular matrix degradation and inflammatory response in osteoarthritis chondrocytes via regulating the p38 MAPK-signaling pathway
Authors: Wei Jie , Gao Chen , Hu Ke , Li Mingyue , Jingshi Li  , Mengman Shen  , Shuyu Zhang
Published: November 2022

Objective: To reveal the possible effects of death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) on the progression of osteoarthritis (OA) and the potential underlying mechanism.
Methods: The expression of DAPK1 in OA and normal samples and interleukin (IL)-1β-stimulated chondrocytes was analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Immunoblot assay. Cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis in DAPK1-knockdown cells stimulated with IL-1β were detected by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) solution, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine staining and flow cytometry. The chondrocyte degradation and inflammatory response in IL-1β-induced chondrocytes were investigated by Immunoblot analysis and enzyme-linked-immunosorbent serologic assay. In addition, the effect of DAPK1 on p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation was analyzed by immunoblot assay.
Results: This study revealed that DAPK1 was highly expressed in OA patients and IL-1β-induced chondrocytes. Down-regulation of DAPK1 enhanced IL-1β-induced chondrocyte proliferation. DAPK1 knockdown inhibited IL-1β-induced chondrocyte degradation. In addition, DAPK1 depletion inhibited IL-1β-induced chondrocyte inflammation. Mechanically, it was revealed that down-regulation of DAPK1 could inhibit the p38 MAPK pathway, and therefore affected progression of OA.
Conclusion: DAPK1 knockdown attenuates IL-1β-induced extracellular matrix degradation and inflammatory response in OA chondrocytes by regulating the p38 MAPK pathway.
BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MILLET GRAIN AND ITS CHANGES DURING STORAGE
Authors: Gorlachova О. , Gorbachova S. , Kobyzeva L. , Suprun О. , Ilchenko N. , Sheliakina T.
Published: November 2022

The total fat content, the fatty acid composition of oil (11 fatty acids), and the total carotenoid content in grain of 8 millet varieties harvested in 2020–2021 have been investigated. The mean value of the total fat content in millet grain was 4.4±0.12%, and the varieties did not differ significantly in this parameter. The total carotenoid content averaged 6.7±0.94 mg/kg. The oil from modern millet varieties was notable for high contents of linoleic (62.4±1.32%) and oleic acids (25.1±1.67%), indicating their high nutritional value. The fatty acids in the millet grain were ranked in order of descending contents as follows: С18:2 > С18:1 > С16:0 > С18:0 > С18:2 > С24:0 > С20:0 > С16:1 > С22:0 > С20:1 > С14:1. A high content of linoleic acid in grain was recorded in the varieties Omriyane (63.6±0.07%), Sozh (62.7±0.34%), Yulin 1 (62.4±0.03%), Bila Altanka (62.8±0.04%), Kharkivske 57 (63.2±0.45%), and Zhodynske (63.3±0.31%). The varieties Sozh and Yulin 1 had an above-average content of oleic acid (26.1±0.19% and 26.0±0.01% respectively). The highest oleic acid content was observed in the variety Bohatyrske (28.5±0.15%). These data prove that high levels of linoleic and oleic acids can be combined in one genotype. The carotenoid content in the varieties Slobozhanske, Omriyane, Bila Altanka, and Yulin 1 was significantly higher than the mean value (by 0.6, 0.7, 1.1, and 0.5 mg/kg respectively). Correlation analysis has allowed determining genetic relationships between the total oils, carotenoids, and fatty acids of grain, and has shown weak to very weak correlations between their total contents. However, the oleic acid content was moderately and negatively correlated with the carotenoid content (r=-0.550) as well as with linoleic (r=-0.717), stearic (r=-0.574), eicosanoic (r=-0.590), and lignoceric (r=-0.533) acid contents. This means that breeding of high-quality millet cultivars is complicated. During long-term storage (5 years) of Kharkivske 57 grain, the total oil content decreased by 0.25%, but this change was not statistically significant. After the five-year storage, the carotenoid content decreased by 4.74 mg/kg. The acid value of oil in 2020 was 5.10 mg KOH/100 g of substance. After the five-year storage, it increased to 9.53 mg KOH/100 g of substance. No significant changes were observed in the quantity or quality of fatty acids in Kharkivske 57 oil. Nevertheless, the storage of millet grain was accompanied by a slight increase in palmitic, stearic, linoleic, linolenic, eicosanoic, eicosenoic, behenic, and lignoceric acids.
TOXICOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF FOOD ADDITIVES BY BIOASSAY
Authors: Nykyforov V. , Novokhatko O. , Digtiar S. , Sakun O. , Tikhonova A.
Published: November 2022

The paper is devoted to the study of the toxicity levels of food additives by bioassay using Daphnia magna as model organisms. The directions and methods of research have been described. The toxicity of most food additives has been determined for the maximum permissible concentrations. The following widely used food additives have been tested: tartrazine (E102), sunset yellow (E110), azorubine (E122), Ponceau 4R (E124), indigo carmine (E132), brilliant blue (E133), sorbic acid (E200), potassium sorbate (E202), benzoic acid (E210), sodium benzoate (E211), formaldehyde (E240), sodium nitrite (E250), boric acid (E284), sodium isoscorbate (E316), citric acid (E330), phosphate Biophos 90 (E339), guar gum (E412), glycerol (E422), copper sulphate (E519), aspartame (E951), saccharin (E954). It has been proposed that the concentrations present in food products be used for bioassay of the additives Sodium Isoascorbate E316, Citric acid E330, Guar gum E412, Glycerol E422, the maximum concentrations of which are not prescribed in the Sanitary Rules and Regulations. The paper determines the acute and chronic toxic effects that each food additive under study produces on Daphnia magna. For tartrazine E102, sunset yellow E110, Ponceau 4R E124, and copper sulphate E519, no acute toxic impact was recorded, since the mortality of the model organisms did not exceed 25%. A synergistic effect of the use of popular combinations of food additives in various products has been revealed, namely that of: benzoic acid E210 and sorbic acid E200, sodium benzoate E211 and potassium sorbate E202, sodium nitrite E250 and sodium phosphate E339. The combination that caused the greatest lethality (more than 75%) during the bioassay was that of the additives E211 and E202. It has been established that all combinations of these food additives produce the greatest toxic effect, as compared with the toxic effect of individual additives. Further research in this direction has been proposed. The research results determine the need to reduce the maximum permissible levels of food additives that are currently in effect.
УТВОРЕННЯ КИСЛОГО КОНДЕНСАТУ ПРИ ГЛИБОКІЙ УТИЛІЗАЦІЇ ТЕПЛОТИ ПРОДУКТІВ ЗГОРЯННЯ ПРИРОДНОГО ГАЗУ І ОБЛАДНАННЯ ДЛЯ ЙОГО НЕЙТРАЛІЗАЦІЇ
Authors: Долінський Анатолій Андрійович , Целень Богдан Ярославович , Гартвіг Анатолій Петрович , Коник Аліна Василівна , Радченко Наталія Леонідівна , Щепкін Володимир Іванович
Published: November 2022

Розглянуто механізм утворення кислого конденсату при спалюванні природного газу. Наведено основний склад димових газів і кислого конденсату. Встановлено, що кислий конденсат димових газів за своїм складом є знесоленою водою, що наближається до дистильованої води з присутніми в ньому діоксидом вуглецю в розчиненому стані і у вигляді стабільних нанорозмірних бульбашок (bubstones), вугільної кислоти і газової фази у вигляді мікробульбашок, що містять суміш діоксиду вуглецю з азотом. Розглянуто існуючі способи вилучення і нейтралізації вуглекислоти у воді. Розроблено дослідний зразок установки для нейтралізації кислого конденсату продуктів згоряння природного газу принцип роботи якої ґрунтується на сукупності механізмів способу дискретно-імпульсного введення енергії (ДІВЕ) в рідинні системи. Проведені в лабораторних умовах експериментальні дослідження обробки кислого конденсату запропонованим способом підтвердили можливість зниження його кислотності. Отримане після обробки кислого конденсату кінцеве значення водневого показника 6,5 вказує на те, що нейтралізований конденсат за своїми фізико-хімічними параметрами близький до дистильованої води з низьким вмістом розчиненого вуглекислого газу (при умові, що економайзер і трубопроводи з якими контактує кислий конденсат виготовлені з корозійностійкої сталі для уникнення його забруднення іонами заліза). Впровадження установок нейтралізації кислого конденсату дозволить поліпшити стан довкілля шляхом зменшення кількості стоків (хімічно забрудненого нейтралізованого конденсату і відходів установок пом’якшення води), раціонально використовувати водні ресурси за рахунок зниження потреби у природній воді (у випадку повторного використання нейтралізованого конденсату).
МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ СТОХАСТИЧНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ ГРАНУЛОУТВОРЕННЯ МІНЕРАЛЬНО-ГУМІНОВИХ ДОБРИВ У ПСЕВДОЗРІДЖЕНОМУ ШАРІ
Authors: Корнієнко Ярослав Микитович , Сачок Роман Володимирович
Published: November 2022

Розроблено математичну модель безперервного процесу гранулоутворення гуміново-мінеральних композитів із заданими властивостями в псевдозрідженому шарі з використанням моделі нечітких множин. Робота проводилась на основі експериментальних досліджень процесу гранулоутворення гуміново-мінеральних твердих композитів при зневодненні водних розчинів на основі сульфату амонію на пілотній установці з псевдозрідженим шаром. Для дослідження стохастичного багатофакторного процесу, кожний з факторів якого впливає на інші й не завжди підлягає кількісному прогнозуванню про результатів дослідження було використано метод найменших квадратів та визнано найбільш доцільним застосувати закони нечіткої логіки з розробкою математичної моделі у інтегрованому середовищі MatLab. Математичне моделювання дасть можливість корегування різних факторів при їх неконтрольованих змінах.
РІВНОВАГА, МЕХАНІЗМ І КІНЕТИКА ПРОЦЕСІВ ЕКСТРАГУВАННЯ ТА СУШІННЯ
Authors: Семенишин Євген Михайлович , Цюра Надія Ярославівна , Римар Т. І. , Крвавич А. С.
Published: November 2022

У  статті проведено порівняльний аналіз масообмінних процесів, таких як екстрагування та сушіння. Доведено важливість встановлення закономірностей протікання масообмінних процесів, адже маючи чіткі уявлення про механізм, рівновагу та кінетику можна керувати та оптимізувати дані процеси.Встановлено, що процес екстрагування може здійснюватися за такими механізмами: внутрішньодифузійним, механізмом міжфазової взаємодії, за змішаним дифузійним механізмом та змішаним дифузійно-хімічним механізмом. Встановлення механізму екстрагування пропонується здійснювати на базі рівняння кінетики процесу, беручи до уваги критерій Біо та критерій хімічної взаємодії. Експериментальна перевірка цього рівняння здійснювалась на різних об’єктах (ріпак, амарант тощо) в апараті з мішалкою та в апараті Сокслета і показала задовільні результати.Доведено, що процес екстрагування інтенсифікується у разі його протікання в зовнішньо-дифузійній області, де швидкість процесу визначається гідродинамічними параметрами. Представлені результати досліджень процесу екстрагування олії із різних матеріалів в умовах, що дають змогу інтенсифікувати даний процес, а саме: подрібнення зерна, підвищення температури та здійснення попереднього прожарювання. Запропонована методика графічного визначення коефіцієнтів дифузії та розраховані відповідні коефіцієнти.Спостерігаються певні аналогії між процесами екстрагування та сушіння. В статті вказано, що механізм процесу сушіння значною мірою визначається зв’язком вологи з матеріалом. Наведені також принципи встановлення рівноважних залежностей у випадку сушіння.
МАССОПЕРЕНОС ПРИ ЭКСТРАГИРОВАНИИ ИЗ ЛЕЧЕБНОГО РАСТИТЕЛЬНОГО СЫРЬЯ В ЭЛЕКТРОМАГНИТНОМ ПОЛЕ
Authors: Бурдо Олег Григорьевич , Бурдо А. К. , Альхури Юсеф , Сиротюк Илья Вадимович
Published: November 2022

В работе представлен критический анализ технологий экстрагирования из лекарственного растительного сырья. Показано, что в различных отраслях техники предпочтение отдается микроволновым способам подвода энергии. Приведены результаты комплексных экспериментальных исследований процессов экстрагирования из клюквы, калины, черноплодной рябины и шиповника. Опыты проводились на 3 стендах – в термостате, в микроволновом экстракторе в неподвижном слое и в микроволновом экстракторе при циркуляции экстрагента. Методика предусматривала определение концентрации экстракта, температуры плодов и потока, давления в реакционном объеме, потребляемой мощности во времени. Проведено сравнение кинетических зависимостей насыщения экстракта целевыми компонентами по традиционной технологии и в микроволновом экстракторе. Установлено влияние вида энергии, температуры, вида сырья, гидромодуля и расхода экстрагента на интенсивность массопереноса. Результаты опытов приведены в виде зависимостей во времени концентрации экстракта от мощности микроволнового поля, температуры, гидромодуля, размера плода и расхода потока. Эффективность экстрагирования оценивалась с помощью спектральных зависимостей. Обоснованы выводы и рекомендации по организации процесса экстрагирования из лекарственного растительного сырья в микроволновом поле.