bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Autonomic indices and loss-of-control eating in adolescents: an ecological momentary assessment study
Authors: Ranzenhofer Lisa M. , Solhjoo Soroosh , Crosby Ross D. , Kim Brittany H. , Korn Rachel , Koorathota Sharath , Lloyd E. Caitlin , Walsh B. Timothy , Haigney Mark C.
Published: August 2022

Background

Loss-of-control (LOC) eating commonly develops during adolescence, and it predicts full-syndrome eating disorders and excess weight gain. Although negative emotions and emotion dysregulation are hypothesized to precede and predict LOC eating, they are rarely examined outside the self-report domain. Autonomic indices, including heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV), may provide information about stress and capacity for emotion regulation in response to stress.

Methods

We studied whether autonomic indices predict LOC eating in real-time in adolescents with LOC eating and body mass index (BMI) ⩾70th percentile. Twenty-four adolescents aged 12–18 (67% female; BMI percentile mean ± standard deviation = 92.6 ± 9.4) who reported at least twice-monthly LOC episodes wore biosensors to monitor HR, HRV, and physical activity for 1 week. They reported their degree of LOC after all eating episodes on a visual analog scale (0–100) using a smartphone.

Results

Adjusting for physical activity and time of day, higher HR and lower HRV predicted higher self-reported LOC after eating. Parsing between- and within-subjects effects, there was a significant, positive, within-subjects association between pre-meal HR and post-meal LOC rating. However, there was no significant within-subjects effect for HRV, nor were there between-subjects effects for either electrophysiologic variable.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that autonomic indices may either be a marker of risk for subsequent LOC eating or contribute to LOC eating. Linking physiological markers with behavior in the natural environment can improve knowledge of illness mechanisms and provide new avenues for intervention.
Stressful life events increase the risk of major depressive episodes: A population-based twin study
Authors: Bjørndal Ludvig D. , Kendler Kenneth S. , Reichborn-Kjennerud Ted , Ystrom Eivind
Published: August 2022

Background

Previous studies have found that stressful life events (SLEs) are associated with an increased risk of adult depression. However, many studies are observational in nature and limited by methodological issues, such as potential confounding by genetic factors. Genetically informative research, such as the co-twin control design, can strengthen causal inference in observational studies. Discrete-time survival analysis has several benefits and multilevel survival analysis can incorporate frailty terms (random effects) to estimate the components of the biometric model. In the current study, we investigated associations between SLEs and depression risk in a population-based twin sample (N = 2299).

Methods

A co-twin control design was used to investigate the influence of the occurrence of SLEs on depression risk. The co-twin control design involves comparing patterns of associations in the full sample and within dizygotic (DZ) and monozygotic twins (MZ). Associations were modelled using discrete-time survival analysis with biometric frailty terms. Data from two time points were used in the analyses. Mean age at Wave 1 was 28 years and mean age at Wave 2 was 38 years.

Results

SLE occurrence was associated with increased depression risk. Co-twin control analyses indicated that this association was at least in part due to the causal influence of SLE exposure on depression risk for event occurrence across all SLEs and for violent SLEs. A minor proportion of the total genetic risk of depression reflected genetic effects related to SLEs.

Conclusions

The results support previous research in implicating SLEs as important risk factors with probable causal influence on depression risk.
The Poet Nemesianus and theHistoria Augusta
Authors: Stover Justin , Woudhuysen George
Published: August 2022

Lurking in theHistoria Augusta'slife of the short-lived Emperor Carus is what appears to be a reference to the genuine contemporary poet Nemesianus and an extant work by him, theCynegetica. Given theHA'spredilection for ‘bogus authors’, this is rather surprising, but because some of what theHAsays about Nemesianus is true, the otherwise unique details of his life and works that it provides have been generally accepted. We show first that the reference to theCynegeticais an incorporated gloss in the text of theHA, one that reveals that the text was being read and studied in northern Francia. We then demonstrate that the name ‘Olympius’, which theHAgives to Nemesianus, is not authentic, offering an analysis of the text's onomastic habits more generally. We show that ‘Olympius Nemesianus’ is one of several invented authors in theHA, lent a superficial plausibility by borrowing the name of a real ancient writer. Finally, we reflect on the way that these conclusions might undermine two developing tendencies in the study of theHistoria Augusta.
Spatial Governance in Beijing: Informality, Illegality and the Displacement of the “Low-end Population”
Authors: Morris Carwyn
Published: August 2022

Using ethnographic data gathered in Beijing during 2017 and 2018, this article examines numerous urban population displacement events using the concept of spatial governance in order to understand the spatialization of governance in urban China. A particular focus of this article are the Beijing-wide displacements of the so-called “low-end population” that followed a fire in Xinjian Village in 2017. The analysis in this article uses geographic understandings of spatial informality to interrogate how space is made informal and subsequently illegal as a means of population control. The article puts forward the idea that spatial governance is one of the key forms, if not the key form, of governance in urban China. It highlights changes in governance that have resulted in space becoming not just a site for control, but the medium for techniques of control over China's urban population.
Aspects régionaux de la fécondité en
Belgique depuis 1930
Authors: Jadin Louis
Published: August 2022

Nous avons tous suivi avec intérêt les
controverses récentes sur la situation
démographique des diverses régions belges depuis
un lustre; de nombreuses revues de toutes
tendances et de tous niveaux scientifiques se sont
attachées à la décrire et à l'expliquer. L'opinion
publique fut alertée; sensibilisée aux problèmes
démographiques de la nation, principalement par la
publication du Rapport Sauvy , elle suivit les
péripéties du débat qui en naquit.

Nous avons été frappé par les carences de
la documentation statistique sur laquelle se
basaient la plupart des publications consacrées à
la démographie régionale beige : tantôt l'on se
contentait de taux fort grossiers (beaucoup
d'articles ne se réfèrent qu'aux taux bruts de
natalité); tantôt l'on extrapolait les données sur
la base du Recensement de 1947. On ne dispose en
effet des résultats complets du Recensement
général de la Population au 31-12-1961 que depuis
les premiers mois de 1966, et de surcrîit cette
publication n'est pas destinée à une étude
spécialisée de la démographie.
Quelques remarques sur l'utilisation de
sources existantes en sociologie des faits de
population
Authors: Bonmariage Joseph
Published: August 2022

Nous voudrions brièvement esquisser ici
les problèmes que rencontre, dans une plus ou
moins large mesure, le chercheur qui veut utiliser
des documents existants pour une analyse
sociologique de la population. En matière de
fécondité par exemple, on constate qu'un certain
nombre d'institutions comme les organismes de
sécurité sociale, certains centres d'archives, les
administrations locales et centrales, recueillent
des informations à priori susceptibles d'être
utiles au travail du sociologue. En plus des
données statistiques qu'ils publient
régulièrement, les Offices Centraux de
Statistiques peuvent offrir au sociologue une
collaboration précieuse en mettant à sa
disposition non seulement des tableaux inédits
mais également les documents de base dont sont
issues les publications. Il arrive souvent en
effet que certains renseignements recueillis
soient pour de multiples raisons simplement
conservés aux archives; c'est le cas notamment de
données particulières qui n'intéressent en fait
qu'une minorité de spécialistes : leur publication
ne serait pas rentable au niveau de la communauté
et de plus, la forme de publication ne
correspondrait pas nécessairement aux attentes du
chercheur.
First record of the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) at a research station in Antarctica
Authors: Câmara Paulo E.A.S. , Convey Peter , Ferreira Vinícius Alves , Togni Pedro Henrique Brum , Pujol-Luz José Roberto
Published: August 2022

We report the first formal record of the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella from a location within the Antarctic Treaty area, with the capture of a live adult male within the Brazilian Comandante Ferraz research station on King George Island, South Shetland Islands. This species is a well-known pest of stored products and is widely recorded in synanthropic situations such as food stores globally. No other adults or immature stages have been observed on the station. While there is no suggestion that P. interpunctella could survive or establish in the natural environment beyond the station, this observation highlights the ever-present threat of unintended anthropogenically assisted transfer of non-Antarctic species into human facilities on the continent, with some such species proving extremely difficult to eradicate if they successfully establish within these facilities.
A spatial model of Marion Island's palaeo-ice extent
Authors: Rudolph Elizabeth M. , Hedding David W. , Nel Werner
Published: August 2022

Sub-Antarctic Marion Island's glacial history has acted as a control on abiotic terrestrial processes and the colonization and distribution of biotic species found on the island today. Recent chronological studies have shown an early deglaciation of the island and identified new geomorphological features associated with past ice dynamics. These permit a reassessment of ice extent during and after the island's last local glacial maximum. In this paper, we provide a revised reconstruction of the island's palaeo-ice extent by using a geomorphology-based approach to delineate palaeo-ice margins and demarcate possible glacial basins. The model presented here provides the needed spatial context for future studies on the variations in the distribution of species (e.g. microorganisms and plant species) and abiotic processes and forms (e.g. soil development and periglacial landforms). In addition, it highlights areas that require improved geophysical assessment in order to produce a more complete island-scale reconstruction of former ice extents (e.g. the west coast).
Segmental and global longitudinal strain differences between Kawasaki disease and multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children
Authors: Piccinelli Enrico , Bautista-Rodriguez Carles , Herberg Jethro , Kang Heechan , Krupickova Sylvia , Altamar Ivan B , Moscatelli Sara , Sabatino Jolanda , Josen Manjit , Paredes Josefa , Whittaker Elisabeth , Singh Yogen , Fraisse Alain , Di Salvo Giovanni
Published: August 2022

Background:

Multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children and Kawasaki disease have overlapping clinical features but comparative echocardiographic studies are lacking.

Methods:

We reviewed echocardiography findings of all multi-system inflammatory syndrome cases between 1st April and 31st July, 2020 and typical Kawasaki disease patients with coronary arteries abnormalities consecutively followed between 1st October, 2016 and June 30th, 2019.

Results:

We included 40 multi-system inflammatory syndrome children (25 males, 62.5%) and 45 Kawasaki disease patients (31 males, 68.9%) at a mean age of 6.4 years old and 8 years old, respectively. Four out of 40 multi-system inflammatory syndrome children had coronary arteries abnormalities. Left ventricle ejection fraction was normal in both groups. Global longitudinal strain was normal although Kawasaki disease group had significantly lower values (–20.0 versus –21.7%; p = 0.02). Basal segments were the most affected in Kawasaki disease patients with significant differences in the basal anterior, anterolateral, and anteroseptal strain: –18.2 versus –23.0% (p = 0.002), –16.7 versus –22.0% (p < 0.001), –16.7 versus –19.5% (p = 0.034), respectively. The basal anterolateral and anteroseptal segments in Kawasaki disease patients were the only ones with an absolute reduction of longitudinal strain (–16.7% both) consistent with the greater left main coronary involvement in this cohort.

Conclusions:

Our findings are consistent with the transient cardiac involvement in multi-system inflammatory syndrome, as opposed to the subtle and chronic myocardial involvement in Kawasaki disease children with coronary arteries abnormalities. We speculate that the mechanism of cardiac impairment in the few multi-system inflammatory syndrome children with reduced global longitudinal strain is not related to coronary arteries abnormalities.
The book of women's rituals: the Central Asian adaptation of the ʿAqāʾid al-nisāʾ
Authors: Shanazarova Aziza
Published: August 2022

This article explores the Central Asian adaptation of the ʿAqāʾid al-nisāʾ which has survived as a single copy within a manuscript codex located at the Beruni Institute of Oriental Studies in Tashkent (Uzbekistan). Not only does the Central Asian adaptation of the ʿAqāʾid al-nisāʾ lift ‘the iron curtain’ from the little-known world of rituals and customs practised by women in early modern Central Asian societies, it also serves as an important source to balance the androcentric view of gendered history of the early modern Persianate world, while challenging the preconceived notions of women's agency and authority in pre-modern Muslim societies.
Associations between adolescent and young adult External Food Cue Responsiveness (EFCR) and brand recall, product craving and product purchasing in the livestreaming food marketing environment
Authors: Pollack Catherine C , Emond Jennifer A , Masterson Travis D
Published: August 2022

Objective:

To evaluate the utility of three validated food responsiveness scales in measuring recall of, and responsiveness to, food marketing exposure on social media.

Design:

Cross-sectional survey among adolescents and adults who used the social media platform Twitch.tv (Twitch). Responsiveness to food marketing was self-reported as craving or purchasing any brands participants observed on Twitch. Participants completed three validated scales of food responsiveness: the revised 18-question Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ), the external eating subscale of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) and the External Food Cue Responsiveness (EFCR) scale. Adjusted linear regression models assessed the predictive ability of each scale on recall and responsiveness outcomes.

Setting:

Online survey.

Participants:

Five hundred and sixty-eight Twitch users (90·1 % male, 60·6 % White, 43·7 % aged 18–24, 25·9 % under 18).

Results:

In separate adjusted linear regression models, scores on the TFEQ were not related to any outcome, while DEBQ scores related to product cravings (OR: 1·10, 95 % CI 1·01, 1·19, P = 0·02). In contrast, scores on the EFCR scale were significantly associated with higher brand recall (incident rate ratio: 1·42, 95 % CI 1·20, 1·68, P < 0·001), product craving (OR: 3·93, 95 % CI 2·22, 7·17, P < 0·001) and purchasing behaviour (OR: 3·97, 95 % CI 1·99, 8·26, P < 0·001). A subset of three EFCR scale items related to influencer marketing were similarly associated with each outcome with greater precision in the point estimates than the overall EFCR.

Conclusions:

The EFCR scale predicted recall of and responsiveness to food marketing via Twitch, suggesting its utility in monitoring the effects of food marketing on social media.
Evaluation of a Japanese brief CBT-I administered by a nurse: a pilot study
Authors: Nagai Makie , Oe Yuki , Horikoshi Masaru , Nakajima Shun , Oi Hitomi , Kita Yoshikuni
Published: August 2022

Aim:

The aim of this pilot study is to evaluate a Japanese version of brief Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) and contribute to primary care which leads to prevention of a lifestyle-related disease or a psychiatric disorder.

Method:

A single-arm study in nine patients with chronic insomnia who were under the pharmacotherapy was executed. The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), and the European Quality of Life 5 Items (EQ-5D) were assessed at the beginning of intervention, at the end of intervention, and after 12 weeks.

Findings:

There were no patient dropouts nor adverse events. The average change in ISI score was −7.33 (95% CI: −10.31 to −4.36) at post-treatment and −6.11 (95% CI: −8.20 to −4.03) at the 12-week follow-up point (Cohen’s d = 2.25). The AIS score improved as well, and the EQ-5D score improved after 12 weeks. The safety and efficacy of the brief CBT-I were suggested.
Estimating Gridded Monthly Baseflow From 1981 to 2020 for the Contiguous US Using Long Short‐Term Memory (LSTM) Networks
Authors: Xie Jiaxin , Liu Xiaomang , Tian Wei , Wang Kaiwen , Bai Peng , Liu Changming
Published: August 2022

Accurate baseflow estimation is essential for ecological protection and water resources management. Past studies have used environmental predictors to extend baseflow from gauged basins to ungauged basins, publishing several regional or global datasets on mean annual baseflow. However, time series datasets of baseflow are still lacking due to the complexity of baseflow generation processes. Here, we developed a monthly baseflow data set using a Deep learning model called the long short‐term memory (LSTM) networks. To better train the networks across basins, we compared the standard LSTM architecture using 8 time series as inputs with four variant architectures using 16 additional static properties as inputs. Dividing the contiguous United States into nine ecoregions, we used baseflow calculated from 1,604 gauged basins as training targets to calibrate the five LSTM architectures for each ecoregion separately. Results show that three variant architectures (Joint, Front, and Entity‐Aware‐LSTM) perform better than the standard LSTM, with median Kling‐Gupta Efficiencies across basins greater than 0.85. Based on Front LSTM, the monthly baseflow data set with 0.25° spatial resolution across the contiguous United States from 1981 to 2020 was obtained. Potential applications of the data set include analyzing baseflow trends under global change and estimating large‐scale groundwater recharge.
A Spike in Wildfires Contributed to the End-Permian Extinction
Authors: Rocheleau Jackie
Published: August 2022

An upward trend in fossilized charcoal indicates that wildfires may have contributed to extinctions during the Great Dying.
Non‐Tidal Background Modeling for Satellite Gravimetry Based on Operational ECWMF and ERA5 Reanalysis Data: AOD1B RL07
Authors: Shihora Linus , Balidakis Kyriakos , Dill Robert , Dahle Christoph , Ghobadi‐Far Khosro , Bonin Jennifer , Dobslaw Henryk
Published: August 2022

The Atmosphere and Ocean De‐Aliasing Level‐1B (AOD1B) product provides a priori information about temporal variations in the Earth's gravity field induced by non‐tidal circulation processes in atmosphere and ocean. It is routinely applied as a background model in the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE)/GRACE Follow‐On (GRACE‐FO) satellite gravimetry data processing. We here present three new datasets in preparation for the upcoming release RL07 of AOD1B, that are based on either the global ERA5 reanalysis or the ECMWF operational data together with simulations from the Max‐Planck‐Institute for Meteorology general circulation model forced consistently with the fields of the same atmospheric data set. The oceanic simulations newly include an updated bathymetry around Antarctica including cavities under the ice shelves, the explicit implementation of the feedback effects of self‐attraction and loading to ocean dynamics as well as a refined harmonic tidal analysis. Comparison to the current release of AOD1B in terms of GRACE‐FO K‐band range‐acceleration pre‐fit residuals, LRI line‐of‐sight gravity differences and band‐pass filtered altimetry data reveals an overall improvement in the representation of the high‐frequency mass variability. Potential benefits of enhancing the temporal resolution remain inconclusive so that the upcoming release 07 will be sampled again every 3 hr.
Dynamic SV‐Wave Signatures of Fluid‐Saturated Porous Rocks Containing Intersecting Fractures
Authors: Guo Junxin , Gurevich Boris , Chen Xiaofei
Published: August 2022

Detecting fracture intersections is crucial for understanding rock hydraulic properties. For this purpose, we study the dynamic SV‐wave signatures of fluid‐saturated porous rocks containing intersecting fractures. A theoretical model is derived using the dynamic Biot's poroelasticity equations. Using this model, we analyze the features of SV‐waves and compare to those of previously studied P‐waves. The results show that the dispersion and attenuation of SV‐waves caused by elastic scattering and FF‐WIFF (Fracture‐Fracture Wave‐induced Fluid Flow) have a similar dependence on properties of intersecting fractures and fluid as those of P‐waves. However, the FB‐WIFF (Fracture‐Background Wave‐induced Fluid Flow) causes much smaller dispersion and attenuation for SV‐waves than for P‐waves. In particular, such dispersion and attenuation of SV‐waves are negligibly small for the orthogonally intersecting fractures regardless of wave incidence angles. In addition to the dispersion and attenuation, the WIFF and elastic scattering also greatly affect the anisotropy properties, which gives rise to frequency‐dependent velocity and attenuation anisotropies for both SV‐ and P‐ waves. Such anisotropy properties are sensitive to fracture intersection angles and are quite different between SV‐ and P‐ waves. These complementary features of SV‐ and P‐ waves provide the basis for fracture intersection detection using the combined features of these two waves. By comparing our model to the known results for the limiting cases, we validate our model.
The Formation of Atolls: New Insights From Numerical Simulations
Authors: Liu Jinlong , Webster Jody M. , Salles Tristan , Wang Shuhong , Ma Yikai , Xu Weihai , Li Gang , Yan Wen
Published: August 2022

Several theories have been proposed to explain atoll formation. While karst dissolution during glacial periods and preferential coral reef accretion along raised bank margins during deglaciations and interglacials have been invoked to explain atoll formation, the respective roles of karst dissolution and reef margin construction in atoll formation have not been adequately evaluated by simulations. In this study, we conducted three‐dimensional numerical simulations of the Quaternary development of Meiji Atoll in the southern South China Sea based on interpreted data from a 2020‐m‐deep borehole drilled on its northeast rim in 2018. Our results suggest that the origin of atolls is more likely due to spatially differential dissolution across margin and interior areas (i.e., minimal along margins and maximal in bank centers) rather than preferential reef accretion along margins of flat‐topped banks. Preferential reef accretion along margins of flat‐topped banks that can result in central lagoons and atoll morphology can hardly result in the formation of lagoonal patch reefs that reach mean sea level. Preferential reef accretion along margins is mainly predicated on the karst‐induced morphology that has a central depression surrounded by raised rims, that is, using antecedent karst morphologies. If topographic highs in the lagoon are similar in elevation to the margins, reef accretion on these topographic highs can be similar to that observed on the margins, resulting in lagoonal patch reefs that reach mean sea level. Our simulation shows that spatially differential dissolution across margin and interior areas is a critical driver of worldwide central lagoons and atoll formation.
Decrease in Erosion‐Induced Soil Organic Carbon as a Result of Vegetation Restoration in the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Gou Fen , Liang Wei , Yan Jianwu , Sun Shaobo , Chen Zhigang , Zhang Weibin , Ji Qiulei , Wang Fengjiao
Published: August 2022

Soil organic carbon (SOC) detachment and transport, especially in the eroded areas, has a profound influence on the global carbon cycling and climate. However, soil organic carbon erosion still has a high uncertainty on land C balance components for lack of a detailed capture of local topography and quantitative factors. Here, aimed at the Loess Plateau (LP) area with undulating terrain, we presented an unprecedentedly high resolution (90 × 90 m) soil erosion model, Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation and the contributions of vegetation to SOC erosion changes were quantified through factorial simulation. Our findings demonstrate soil organic carbon which induced a substantial lateral redistribution by soil erosion was 10.46 Tg C yr−1 over the period 2000–2017, which was a decrease of 21% compared with that before 2000. In the fixed‐NDVI scenario, after 2000, SOC erosion increased by around 7% compared with that before 2000. Agriculture and shrub are the primary source of regional soil erosion and SOC erosion. These findings highlight the importance of lateral transport of SOC as an important process in soil and carbon cycles for future regional carbon cycle assessment.
2024 Decadal Survey for Space and Solar Physics: Space Weather Inputs
Authors: Lugaz Noé , Gannon Jennifer L. , Zou Shasha , Morley Steven K. , Liu Huixin , Carter Brett A. , Hapgood Michael
Published: August 2022

The next decadal survey process for space and solar physics will start soon with white papers due during the second half of 2022 and the committees and panels working over all of 2023. Space weather science and operations will play an essential role in this survey. Therefore, the community is invited to prepare white papers and get involved in advancing space weather research and capabilities in the upcoming decades. A summary of the recommendations related to space weather from the last two decadal surveys is also provided.
Decoupled Finite Particle Method With Normalized Kernel (DFPM‐NK): A Computationally Efficient Method for Simulating Solute Transport in Heterogeneous Porous Media
Authors: Jiao Tian , Ye Ming , Jin Menggui , Yang Jing
Published: August 2022

Previous studies found that Finite Particle Method (FPM), an improved Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method, yields more accurate solutions of the advection‐dispersion equation (ADE) than SPH method does when simulating solute transport in heterogeneous porous media. FPM however is computationally more expensive than SPH because FPM needs to solve a correction matrix equation for each particle. While decoupled FPM (DFPM) can reduce computational cost of FPM by using diagonal terms of the matrix equation, DFPM is less accurate than FPM due to discarding off‐diagonal terms of the matrix equation. This study develops the Decoupled Finite Particle Method with Normalized Kernel (DFPM‐NK) to improve computational accuracy of DFPM by using normalized kernels in DFPM. We evaluate computational performance of SPH, FPM, DFPM, and DFPM‐NK using two numerical experiments of ADE with non‐reactive and reactive solute transport in a heterogeneous aquifer. Results of the two experiments indicate that, among the four methods, SPH has the least computational time, but has the worst computational accuracy. DFPM‐NK is substantially more efficient than FPM, and has similar accuracy of FPM. On the other hand, DFPM‐NK and DFPM have similar computational cost, but DFMP‐NK is significantly more accurate than DFPM, especially for heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity fields. We thus recommend to use DFPM‐NK for computationally expensive ADE problems without sacrificing computational accuracy.
End-to-end learning of 3D phase-only holograms for holographic display
Authors: Shi Liang , Li Beichen , Matusik Wojciech
Published: August 2022

Computer-generated holography (CGH) provides volumetric control of coherent wavefront and is fundamental to applications such as volumetric 3D displays, lithography, neural photostimulation, and optical/acoustic trapping. Recently, deep learning-based methods emerged as promising computational paradigms for CGH synthesis that overcome the quality-runtime tradeoff in conventional simulation/optimization-based methods. Yet, the quality of the predicted hologram is intrinsically bounded by the dataset’s quality. Here we introduce a new hologram dataset, MIT-CGH-4K-V2, that uses a layered depth image as a data-efficient volumetric 3D input and a two-stage supervised+unsupervised training protocol for direct synthesis of high-quality 3D phase-only holograms. The proposed system also corrects vision aberration, allowing customization for end-users. We experimentally show photorealistic 3D holographic projections and discuss relevant spatial light modulator calibration procedures. Our method runs in real-time on a consumer GPU and 5 FPS on an iPhone 13 Pro, promising drastically enhanced performance for the applications above.
AvmM catalyses macrocyclization through dehydration/Michael-type addition in alchivemycin A biosynthesis
Authors: Zhu Hong Jie , Zhang Bo , Wei Wanqing , Liu Shuang He , Xiang Lang , Zhu Jiapeng , Jiao Rui Hua , Igarashi Yasuhiro , Bashiri Ghader , Liang Yong , Tan Ren Xiang , Ge Hui Ming
Published: August 2022

Macrocyclization is an important process that affords morphed scaffold in biosynthesis of bioactive natural products. Nature has adapted diverse biosynthetic strategies to form macrocycles. In this work, we report the identification and characterization of a small enzyme AvmM that can catalyze the construction of a 16-membered macrocyclic ring in the biosynthesis of alchivemycin A (1). We show through in vivo gene deletion, in vitro biochemical assay and isotope labelling experiments that AvmM catalyzes tandem dehydration and Michael-type addition to generate the core scaffold of1. Mechanistic studies by crystallography, DFT calculations and MD simulations of AvmM reveal that the reactions are achieved with assistance from the special tenuazonic acid like moiety of substrate. Our results thus uncover an uncharacterized macrocyclization strategy in natural product biosynthesis.
Selective separation of light rare-earth elements by supramolecular encapsulation and precipitation
Authors: O’Connell-Danes Joseph G. , Ngwenya Bryne T. , Morrison Carole A. , Love Jason B.
Published: August 2022

Supramolecular chemical strategies for Rare Earth (RE) element separations are emerging which amplify the small changes in properties across the series to bias selectivity in extraction or precipitation. These advances are important as the REs are crucial to modern technologies yet their extraction, separation, and recycling using conventional techniques remain challenging. We report here a pre-organised triamidoarene platform which, under acidic, biphasic conditions, uniquely and selectively precipitates light RE nitratometalates as supramolecular capsules. The capsules exhibit both intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds that dictate selectivity, promote precipitation, and facilitate the straightforward release of the RE and recycling of the receptor. This work provides a self-assembly route to metal separations that exploits size and shape complementarity and has the potential to integrate into conventional processes due to its compatibility with acidic metal feed streams.
In mouse chronic pancreatitis CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells control pancreatic fibrosis by suppression of the type 2 immune response
Authors: Glaubitz Juliane , Wilden Anika , Golchert Janine , Homuth Georg , Völker Uwe , Bröker Barbara M. , Thiele Thomas , Lerch Markus M. , Mayerle Julia , Aghdassi Ali A. , Weiss Frank U. , Sendler Matthias
Published: August 2022

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is characterized by chronic inflammation and the progressive fibrotic replacement of exocrine and endocrine pancreatic tissue. We identify Treg cells as central regulators of the fibroinflammatory reaction by a selective depletion of FOXP3-positive cells in a transgenic mouse model (DEREG-mice) of experimental CP. In Treg-depleted DEREG-mice, the induction of CP results in a significantly increased stroma deposition, the development of exocrine insufficiency and significant weight loss starting from day 14 after disease onset. In CP, FOXP3+CD25+Treg cells suppress the type-2 immune response by a repression of GATA3+T helper cells (Th2), GATA3+innate lymphoid cells type 2 (ILC2) and CD206+M2-macrophages. A suspected pathomechanism behind the fibrotic tissue replacement may involve an observed dysbalance of Activin A expression in macrophages and of its counter regulator follistatin. Our study identified Treg cells as key regulators of the type-2 immune response and of organ remodeling during CP. The Treg/Th2 axis could be a therapeutic target to prevent fibrosis and preserve functional pancreatic tissue.
Cobalt-catalyzed branched selective hydroallylation of terminal alkynes
Authors: Chen Jieping , Ying Jiale , Lu Zhan
Published: August 2022

Here, we reported a cobalt-hydride-catalyzed Markovnikov-type hydroallylation of terminal alkynes with allylic electrophile to access valuable and branched skipped dienes (1,4-dienes) with good regioselectivity. This operationally simple protocol exhibits excellent functional group tolerance and exceptional substrate scope. The reactions could be carried out in gram-scale with TON (turn over number) up to 1160, and the products could be easily derivatized. The preliminary mechanism of electrophilic allylation of α-selective cobalt alkenyl intermediate was proposed based on deuterium labeling experiment and kinetic studies.
Architecture and self-assembly of the jumbo bacteriophage nuclear shell
Authors: Laughlin Thomas G. , Deep Amar , Prichard Amy M. , Seitz Christian , Gu Yajie , Enustun Eray , Suslov Sergey , Khanna Kanika , Birkholz Erica A. , Armbruster Emily , McCammon J. Andrew , Amaro Rommie E. , Pogliano Joe , Corbett Kevin D. , Villa Elizabeth
Published: August 2022

Bacteria encode myriad defences that target the genomes of infecting bacteriophage, including restriction–modification and CRISPR–Cas systems1. In response, one family of large bacteriophages uses a nucleus-like compartment to protect its replicating genomes by excluding host defence factors2–4. However, the principal composition and structure of this compartment remain unknown. Here we find that the bacteriophage nuclear shell assembles primarily from one protein, which we name chimallin (ChmA). Combining cryo-electron tomography of nuclear shells in bacteriophage-infected cells and cryo-electron microscopy of a minimal chimallin compartment in vitro, we show that chimallin self-assembles as a flexible sheet into closed micrometre-scale compartments. The architecture and assembly dynamics of the chimallin shell suggest mechanisms for its nucleation and growth, and its role as a scaffold for phage-encoded factors mediating macromolecular transport, cytoskeletal interactions, and viral maturation.
A non-canonical vitamin K cycle is a potent ferroptosis suppressor
Authors: Mishima Eikan , Ito Junya , Wu Zijun , Nakamura Toshitaka , Wahida Adam , Doll Sebastian , Tonnus Wulf , Nepachalovich Palina , Eggenhofer Elke , Aldrovandi Maceler , Henkelmann Bernhard , Yamada Ken-ichi , Wanninger Jonas , Zilka Omkar , Sato Emiko , Feederle Regina , Hass Daniela , Maida Adriano , Mourão André Santos Dias , Linkermann Andreas , Geissler Edward K. , Nakagawa Kiyotaka , Abe Takaaki , Fedorova Maria , Proneth Bettina , Pratt Derek A. , Conrad Marcus
Published: August 2022

Ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic form of cell death marked by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation1, has a key role in organ injury, degenerative disease and vulnerability of therapy-resistant cancers2. Although substantial progress has been made in understanding the molecular processes relevant to ferroptosis, additional cell-extrinsic and cell-intrinsic processes that determine cell sensitivity toward ferroptosis remain unknown. Here we show that the fully reduced forms of vitamin K—a group of naphthoquinones that includes menaquinone and phylloquinone3—confer a strong anti-ferroptotic function, in addition to the conventional function linked to blood clotting by acting as a cofactor for γ-glutamyl carboxylase. Ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1), a NAD(P)H-ubiquinone reductase and the second mainstay of ferroptosis control after glutathione peroxidase-44,5, was found to efficiently reduce vitamin K to its hydroquinone, a potent radical-trapping antioxidant and inhibitor of (phospho)lipid peroxidation. The FSP1-mediated reduction of vitamin K was also responsible for the antidotal effect of vitamin K against warfarin poisoning. It follows that FSP1 is the enzyme mediating warfarin-resistant vitamin K reduction in the canonical vitamin K cycle6. The FSP1-dependent non-canonical vitamin K cycle can act to protect cells against detrimental lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis.
Brown-fat-mediated tumour suppression by cold-altered global metabolism
Authors: Seki Takahiro , Yang Yunlong , Sun Xiaoting , Lim Sharon , Xie Sisi , Guo Ziheng , Xiong Wenjing , Kuroda Masashi , Sakaue Hiroshi , Hosaka Kayoko , Jing Xu , Yoshihara Masahito , Qu Lili , Li Xin , Chen Yuguo , Cao Yihai
Published: August 2022

Glucose uptake is essential for cancer glycolysis and is involved in non-shivering thermogenesis of adipose tissues1–6. Most cancers use glycolysis to harness energy for their infinite growth, invasion and metastasis2,7,8. Activation of thermogenic metabolism in brown adipose tissue (BAT) by cold and drugs instigates blood glucose uptake in adipocytes4,5,9. However, the functional effects of the global metabolic changes associated with BAT activation on tumour growth are unclear. Here we show that exposure of tumour-bearing mice to cold conditions markedly inhibits the growth of various types of solid tumours, including clinically untreatable cancers such as pancreatic cancers. Mechanistically, cold-induced BAT activation substantially decreases blood glucose and impedes the glycolysis-based metabolism in cancer cells. The removal of BAT and feeding on a high-glucose diet under cold exposure restore tumour growth, and genetic deletion of Ucp1—the key mediator for BAT-thermogenesis—ablates the cold-triggered anticancer effect. In a pilot human study, mild cold exposure activates a substantial amount of BAT in both healthy humans and a patient with cancer with mitigated glucose uptake in the tumour tissue. These findings provide a previously undescribed concept and paradigm for cancer therapy that uses a simple and effective approach. We anticipate that cold exposure and activation of BAT through any other approach, such as drugs and devices either alone or in combination with other anticancer therapeutics, will provide a general approach for the effective treatment of various cancers.
OPERAnet, a multimodal activity recognition dataset acquired from radio frequency and vision-based sensors
Authors: Bocus Mohammud J. , Li Wenda , Vishwakarma Shelly , Kou Roget , Tang Chong , Woodbridge Karl , Craddock Ian , McConville Ryan , Santos-Rodriguez Raul , Chetty Kevin , Piechocki Robert
Published: August 2022

This paper presents a comprehensive dataset intended to evaluate passive Human Activity Recognition (HAR) and localization techniques with measurements obtained from synchronized Radio-Frequency (RF) devices and vision-based sensors. The dataset consists of RF data including Channel State Information (CSI) extracted from a WiFi Network Interface Card (NIC), Passive WiFi Radar (PWR) built upon a Software Defined Radio (SDR) platform, and Ultra-Wideband (UWB) signals acquired via commercial off-the-shelf hardware. It also consists of vision/Infra-red based data acquired from Kinect sensors. Approximately 8 hours of annotated measurements are provided, which are collected across two rooms from 6 participants performing 6 daily activities. This dataset can be exploited to advance WiFi and vision-based HAR, for example, using pattern recognition, skeletal representation, deep learning algorithms or other novel approaches to accurately recognize human activities. Furthermore, it can potentially be used to passively track a human in an indoor environment. Such datasets are key tools required for the development of new algorithms and methods in the context of smart homes, elderly care, and surveillance applications.
Development of a diagnostic assay by three-tube multiplex real-time PCR for simultaneous detection of nine microorganisms causing acute respiratory infections
Authors: Jiang Xi-Wen , Huang Tao-Sheng , Xie Long , Chen Si-Ze , Wang Shi-Dong , Huang Zhi-Wen , Li Xin-Yu , Ling Wei-Ping
Published: August 2022

Acute respiratory infections are widespread in vulnerable populations of all ages and are characterized by a variety of symptoms. The underlying infection can be caused by a multitude of microorganisms, including viruses and bacteria. Early detection of respiratory infections through rapid pathogen screening is vital in averting infectious respiratory disease epidemics. This study utilized a multiplex real-time PCR system to develop a three-tube reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assay, enabling simultaneously detect nine respiratory pathogens, including: influenza A and B, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Streptococcus pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, Haemophilus influenzae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. This technique utilizes a one-step assay, with specifically designed TaqMan primer–probe sets combined in the same tube. This assay provided rapid and simplified detection of the nine prevalent pathogens, as well as increased sensitivity and reduced cross-contamination. This assay was evaluated using 25 related viral/bacterial strains as positive references, the other 25 irrelevant strains as negative controls, and clinical specimens from 179 patients. All positive strains were detected with no amplification of the non-target microorganism mixtures and the assay’s detection limits ranged between 250–500 copies/ml (1.25–2.5 copies/reaction). A total of 167 (93.3%) samples tested positive for at least one of the pathogens identified; 109 of these samples were from patients confirmed to have RSV infections. The diagnostic accuracy of our assay was further confirmed by matching results from classical direct immunofluorescence assay and nucleotide sequencing. These data demonstrate the innovative multiplex real-time PCR assay as a promising alternative to the current approaches used for early screening of acute respiratory infections.
Linking personality traits and reproductive success in common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)
Authors: Masilkova Michaela , Boukal David , Ash Hayley , Buchanan-Smith Hannah M. , Konečná Martina
Published: August 2022

Animal personality can affect individual fitness and population growth. Personality traits of either parent or parents’ combination may facilitate reproduction and offspring survival across species. However, previous studies focused mainly on the role of only one sex, and the link between personality and fitness has not been confirmed in primates. We examined this link in both sexes of captive common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), a cooperatively breeding primate with extensive paternal care. We studied the effects of five personality traits of the parents (Agreeableness, Assertiveness, Conscientiousness, Inquisitiveness, and Patience), including their absolute and directional differences within pairs, on key components of reproductive performance. We expected pairs with more similar personality scores to have higher reproductive success as found in other species with long-term pairs and biparental care, but found no evidence for this hypothesis. Instead, we detected strong effects of female traits on inter-birth intervals, which were shorter in more agreeable females, and fecundity rates, which were higher in more inquisitive females. Male traits appeared to have only a limited effect on reproductive success of the pair. Our study demonstrates that various aspects of animal personality underpin reproductive performance in captive common marmosets and provides novel insights into the possible ultimate causes of personality in cooperatively breeding species.
Plume–MOR decoupling and the timing of India–Eurasia collision
Authors: Sehsah Haytham , Furnes Harald , Pham Luan Thanh , Eldosouky Ahmed M.
Published: August 2022

The debatable timing of India–Eurasia collision is based on geologic, stratigraphic, kinematic, and tectonic evidence. However, the collision event disturbed persistent processes, and the timing of disturbance in such processes could determine the onset of India–Eurasia collision precisely. We use the longevity of Southeast Indian Ridge (SEIR)—Kerguelen mantle plume (KMP) interaction cycles along the Ninetyeast ridge (NER) as a proxy to determine the commencement of India–Eurasia collision. The geochemical signature of the KMP tail along the NER is predominantly that of long-term coupling cycles, that was perturbed once by a short-term decoupling cycle. The long-term coupling cycles are mainly of enriched mid-ocean ridge basalts (E-MORBs). The short-term decoupling cycle is mostly derived from two distinct sources, MOR and plume separately, whereas the KMP is still being on-axis. The onset of India–Eurasia collision led to continental materials recycling into the mantle; hence the abrupt enrichment in incompatible elements at ca. 55 Ma, the MOR–plume on-axis decoupling, and the abrupt slowdown in the northward drift of the Indian plate was induced by the onset of India–Eurasia collision, thereafter MOR–plume recoupled.
Long-term trends in storm surge climate derived from an ensemble of global surge reconstructions
Authors: Tadesse Michael Getachew , Wahl Thomas , Rashid Md Mamunur , Dangendorf Sönke , Rodríguez-Enríquez Alejandra , Talke Stefan Andreas
Published: August 2022

We address the challenge, due to sparse observational records, of investigating long-term changes in the storm surge climate globally. We use two centennial and three satellite-era daily storm surge time series from the Global Storm Surge Reconstructions (GSSR) database and assess trends in the magnitude and frequency of extreme storm surge events at 320 tide gauges across the globe from 1930, 1950, and 1980 to present. Before calculating trends, we perform change point analysis to identify and remove data where inhomogeneities in atmospheric reanalysis products could lead to spurious trends in the storm surge data. Even after removing unreliable data, the database still extends existing storm surge records by several decades for most of the tide gauges. Storm surges derived from the centennial 20CR and ERA-20C atmospheric reanalyses show consistently significant positive trends along the southern North Sea and the Kattegat Bay regions during the periods from 1930 and 1950 onwards and negative trends since 1980 period. When comparing all five storm surge reconstructions and observations for the overlapping 1980–2010 period we find overall good agreement, but distinct differences along some coastlines, such as the Bay of Biscay and Australia. We also assess changes in the frequency of extreme surges and find that the number of annual exceedances above the 95th percentile has increased since 1930 and 1950 in several regions such as Western Europe, Kattegat Bay, and the US East Coast.