bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Inactivation of Respiratory Viruses and Rotavirus by the Oral Probiotic Strain Weissella cibaria CMS1
Authors: Kang Mi-Sun , Park Geun-Yeong
Published: May 2022

Weissella cibaria CMS1 (oraCMS1) has been commercially used in Korea as an oral care probiotic for several years. Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and the influenza A virus (H1N1) are representative viruses that cause infantile lower respiratory tract infections. Rotavirus A (RVA) is the most common cause of diarrhea in infants and young children. Here, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the cell-free supernatant (CFS) of oraCMS1 in inactivating RSV, H1N1, and RVA in suspension as per ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) E1052-20. The mixture of oraCMS1 and these viruses was evaluated at contact times of 1, 2, and 4 h. Virucidal activity was measured using a 50% tissue culture infective dose assay (log10TCID50) after infecting the host cells with the viruses. The CFS of oraCMS1 inactivated RSV by up to 99.0% after 1 h and 99.9% after 2 and 4 h, and H1N1 and RVA were inactivated by up to 99.9% and 99.0% at 2 h, respectively. Although these in vitro results cannot be directly interpreted as implying clinical efficacy, our findings suggest that oraCMS1 provides a protective barrier against RSV, H1N1, and RVA, and therefore, it can help decrease the risk of respiratory tract and intestinal infections.
The effect of organic acids and storage temperature on lite salad dressing rheology and Zygosaccharomyces parabailii growth
Authors: Meldrum Alexander D. , Ünlü Gülhan , Joyner Helen
Published: May 2022

Zygosaccharomyces parabailii (Z. parabailii) causes spoilage in salad dressings due to its tolerance to osmotic pressure. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of organic acids and storage temperatures (4, 10, and 25 °C) on Z. parabailii growth and salad dressing mechanical properties. Acetic, lactic, and gluconic acids were used alone and in combination to acidify salad dressing. Z. parabailii-challenged formulations containing acetic acid alone tended to have lower counts of Z. parabailii when compared to Z. parabailii-challenged formulations containing other acid combinations. Overall, storage temperature had the most impact on Z. parabailii growth over a 45-day storage. Acidulant type and combination impacted salad dressing mechanical properties. During the 45-day storage period, all formulations showed increased viscosity, a Herschel–Bulkley viscosity profile, and elastic-dominant viscoelastic behavior. The degree of change in rheological behaviors over time was dependent on the type of acid used in the formulation.
On the Base Point Locus of Surface Parametrizations: Formulas and Consequences
Authors: Cox David A. , Pérez-Díaz Sonia , Sendra J. Rafael
Published: May 2022

This paper shows that the multiplicity of the base point locus of a projective rational surface parametrization can be expressed as the degree of the content of a univariate resultant. As a consequence, we get a new proof of the degree formula relating the degree of the surface, the degree of the parametrization, the base point multiplicity and the degree of the rational map induced by the parametrization. In addition, we extend both formulas to the case of dominant rational maps of the projective plane and describe how the base point loci of a parametrization and its reparametrizations are related. As an application of these results, we explore how the degree of a surface reparametrization is affected by the presence of base points.
A Fuzzy Multi Objective Inventory Model with Production Cost and Set-up-Cost Dependent on Population
Authors: Das Satya Kumar
Published: May 2022

In this paper, I have developed a multi item production inventory model for the non-deteriorating items with constant demand rate under the limitation on set up cost. The production price and set-up price are the most vital problem within the inventory system of the marketplace in international. Here the production cost is dependent on the demand as well as populations. Set up cost is dependent on the average inventory level. Holding cost is the most challenging issue in the business world. In order to reduce the holding cost, the holding cost function has been considered as on the number of peoples. Due to uncertainty all the cost parameters are taken as the generalized triangular fuzzy number. Multi objective fuzzy inventory model has been solved by various techniques like Fuzzy programming technique with hyperbolic membership function, Fuzzy non-linear programming technique and Fuzzy additive goal programming technique. Numerical example is given to illustrate the inventory model. Sensitivity analysis and the graphical representations have been shown to illustrate the reality of the inventory model.
Consumer Collective Redress in Bosnia and Herzegovina: A Mechanism (Still) Waiting to Be Triggered
Authors: Meškić Zlatan
Published: May 2022

Bosnia and Herzegovina has been one of the first European states to introduce a generous consumer collective redress mechanism. It was established under the influence of the EU, the United States and former Yugoslav law. The legislation of Bosnia and Herzegovina provides an excellent opportunity to examine to which extent the collective redress remedies emanating from different legal traditions may co-exist and function together. The number and variety of collective consumer remedies in Bosnia and Herzegovina is quite impressive. But the mechanism has still not been used because of the weaknesses of those who are supposed to trigger it. The very generous solutions for consumer associations and a specialized Ombudsman for Consumer Protection, both with wide powers to initiate collective proceedings, have not proved to be sufficient. The lack of appropriate funding has so far been an obstacle that is too great for any collective initiative. It also does not help that legislation allows traders to file for compensation in the case of unfounded collective claims when the reputation and business of the trader have been seriously harmed. The new EU Directive on consumer representative actions will certainly require further reforms in Bosnia and Herzegovina, especially with regard to collective claims for damages. This will provide the legislator with the opportunity not only to introduce more options for collective redress, but also to add the missing pieces of the jigsaw so that the mechanism finally fulfils its purpose of providing legal protection for consumers.
Feature extraction with spectral clustering for gene function prediction using hierarchical multi-label classification
Authors: Romero Miguel , Ramírez Oscar , Finke Jorge , Rocha Camilo
Published: May 2022

Gene annotation addresses the problem of predicting unknown associations between gene and functions (e.g., biological processes) of a specific organism. Despite recent advances, the cost and time demanded by annotation procedures that rely largely on in vivo biological experiments remain prohibitively high. This paper presents a novel in silico approach for to the annotation problem that combines cluster analysis and hierarchical multi-label classification (HMC). The approach uses spectral clustering to extract new features from the gene co-expression network (GCN) and enrich the prediction task. HMC is used to build multiple estimators that consider the hierarchical structure of gene functions. The proposed approach is applied to a case study on Zea mays, one of the most dominant and productive crops in the world. The results illustrate how in silico approaches are key to reduce the time and costs of gene annotation. More specifically, they highlight the importance of: (1) building new features that represent the structure of gene relationships in GCNs to annotate genes; and (2) taking into account the structure of biological processes to obtain consistent predictions.
A potential controlling approach on surface ozone pollution based upon power big data
Authors: Wang Xin , Gu Weihua , Wang Feng , Liu Li , Wang Yu , Han Xuemin , Xie Zhouqing
Published: May 2022

Surface ozone pollution has attracted extensive attention with the decreasing of haze pollution, especially in China. However, it is still difficult to efficiently control the pollution in time despite numbers of reports on mechanism of ozone pollution. Here we report a method for implementing effective control of ozone pollution through power big data. Combining the observation of surface ozone, NO2, meteorological parameters together with hourly electricity consumption data from volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitting companies, a generalized additive model (GAM) is established for quantifying the influencing factors on the temporal and spatial distribution of surface ozone pollution from 2020 to 2021 in Anhui province, central China. The average R2 value for the modelling results of 16 cities is 0.82, indicating that the GAM model effectively captures the characteristics of ozone. The model quantifies the contribution of input variables to ozone, with both NO2 and industrial VOCs being the main contributors to ozone, contributing 33.72% and 21.12% to ozone formation respectively. Further analysis suggested the negative correlation between ozone and NO2, revealing VOCs primarily control the increase in ozone. Under scenarios controlling for a 10% and 20% reduction in electricity use in VOC-electricity sensitive industries that can be identified by power big data, ozone concentrations decreased by 9.7% and 19.1% during the pollution period. This study suggests a huge potential for controlling ozone pollution through power big data and offers specific control pathways.
Human Emotion: A Survey focusing on Languages, Ontologies, Datasets, and Systems
Authors: Elkobaisi Mohammed R. , Al Machot Fadi , Mayr Heinrich C.
Published: May 2022

Emotions are an essential part of a person’s mental state and influence her/his behavior accordingly. Consequently, emotion recognition and assessment can play an important role in supporting people with ambient assistance systems or clinical treatments. Automation of human emotion recognition and emotion-aware recommender systems are therefore increasingly being researched. In this paper, we first consider the essential aspects of human emotional functioning from the perspective of cognitive psychology and, based on this, we analyze the state of the art in the whole field of work and research to which automated emotion recognition belongs. In this way, we want to complement the already published surveys, which usually refer to only one aspect, with an overall overview of the languages ontologies, datasets, and systems/interfaces to be found in this area. We briefly introduce each of these subsections and discuss related approaches regarding methodology, technology, and publicly accessible artefacts. This comes with an update to recent findings that could not yet be taken into account in previous surveys. The paper is based on an extensive literature search and analysis, in which we also made a particular effort to locate relevant surveys and reviews. The paper closes with a summary of the results and an outlook on open research questions.
The Haskins Society Journal 27
Authors: Bachrach David S. , Blincoe Mark E. , Hill Joyce , Hodges-Kluck Katherine L. , Ifft Decker Sarah , Izzo Jesse , Millett Martin , Slevin John Patrick , Wangerin Laura
Published: May 2022

This volume of the Haskins Society Journal brings together a rich and interdisciplinary collection of articles. Topics range from the politics and military organization of northern worlds of the Anglo-Normans and Angevins in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, to the economic activity of women in Catalonia and political unrest in thirteenth-century Tripoli. Martin Millett's chapter on thesignificance of rural life in Roman Britain for the early Middle Ages continues the Journal's commitment to archaeological approaches to medieval history, while contributions on �lfric's complex use of sources in his homilies, Byrhtferth of Ramsey's reinterpretation of the Alfredian past, and the little known History of Alfred of Beverly engage with crucial questions of sources andhistoriographical production within Anglo-Saxon and Anglo-Norman England. Pieces on the political meaning of the Empress Helena and Constantine I for Angevin political ambitions and the role of relicssuch as the Holy Lance in strategies of political legitimation in Anglo-Saxon England and Ottonian Germany in the tenth century complete the volume. Contributors: David Bachrach, Mark Blincoe, Katherine Cross, Sarah Ifft Decker, Joyce Hill, Katherine Hodges-Kluck, Jesse Izzo, Martin Millett, John Patrick Slevin, Oliver Stoutner, Laura Wangerin.
Combining Survey, Soil Coring, and GIS Methods to Improve Reservoir Capacity Estimates in the Maya Lowlands
Authors: Marken Damien B. , Ricker Matthew C. , Austin Robert
Published: May 2022

This study reports water capacity estimates for four reservoirs within the Classic Maya city of El Perú-Waka’, Guatemala. Combining field survey, soil analysis, and a variety of GIS interpolation methods, it illustrates ways to more fully quantify a challenging resource—water—and its availability using an interdisciplinary approach. This is accomplished by comparing surface interpolation methods for estimating reservoir capacities to demonstrate that most provide reliable estimates. Reported estimates are further enhanced by analyzing internal reservoir soil morphology to better understand and quantify formation processes and refine estimates from field survey. These analyses document a multiscalar organization to water management within the Waka’ urban core that likely ran the gamut from individuals up to civic and state institutions. Although intricacies remain to be fully elucidated, this example offers an alternate path to theorizing about water management practices from traditional binary approaches.
Decision-Making During a Disaster-Scenario Tabletop Exercise by Prelicensure Student Nurses – A Replication Study
Authors: Evans Cathleen A. , Perks Joan , O’Kane Linda
Published: May 2022

Objective:

“Determine which clients to recommend for discharge in a disaster situation” is a Registered Nurse Activity Statement on the National Council Licensing Exam test plan. The activity statement raised the nursing education research question: could senior student nurses transfer their learning to a novel circumstance, with a high degree of risk, making decisions using patient assessments and determining resource needs? A study with a descriptive quantitative approach was designed with 2 aims. The first was to describe students’ transfer of learning for basic disaster and medical-surgical knowledge and make recommendations for patient dispositions. The second aim was to describe students’ attitudes about their transfer of learning during the tabletop exercise.

Methods:

A researcher-designed disaster-scenario tabletop exercise and 3 instruments with subject-matter-expert feedback captured participants’ decisions. Eligible senior student nurses volunteered to participate in the replicated study that was extended to 2 universities. Participant decisions and attitude responses were statistically analyzed.

Results:

Descriptive and difficulty index statistics described students’ transfer of learning for basic disaster and medical-surgical topics, patient disposition recommendations, and attitudes. The cut-score for optimal transfer of learning was difficulty index (DI) ≤ .49.

Conclusions:

Students had positive attitudes and transferred learning to most decisions. Decision DIs ≤ .49 were remediated.
The investigation of environmental sustainability within product design: a critical review
Authors: Delaney Emelia , Liu Wei , Zhu Zicheng , Xu Yuchun , Dai Jian S.
Published: May 2022

Sustainability encompasses social, economic and environmental issues with the primary aim to fulfil the needs of the present society without compromising the potential needs of future generations. Product design has been identified to greatly influence the sustainability of New Product Development. This study aims to identify and review the fundamental factors in which product design has the ability to influence and improve the overall environmental sustainability of a product. A comprehensive literature review has been performed to establish trends over the past four decades. The factors that have significant potential, such as the 6Rs, waste and energy, which aid designers in the implementation of environmental sustainability during the product design process have been identified and discussed. Through this analysis, a new conceptual framework has been conceived, facilitating designers in implementing environmental sustainability during product development. In addition, future research opportunities have been identified.
Escaping the Corset: Rage as a Force of Resistance and Creation in the Korean Feminist Movement
Authors: Yun Ji-Yeong
Published: May 2022

This article explores rage in the context of Korean feminist movements. Rage as a corporeal force can be combined with other emotional modalities to achieve consistency, durability, efficiency, and intensity. These modalities are interdependent, and rage, in relation to indignation, becomes a revolutionary affect that changes power dynamics. Women's indignant rage challenges the patriarchal value system and increases women's agency. Korean women deploy the politics of rage to “Escape the Corset” and free themselves from the oppressive devices—patriarchal family structures and traditional notions of femininity and beauty—that oppress women's bodies. The “Escape the Corset” movement, driven by indignant rage, materializes the possibility of resistance and creation that puts an end to the phallic economy of desire and meaning, and it elaborates a new modality of women's life cycle and relation to the world. Unlike indignant rage, a feminist revolutionary tool, rage combined with hatred is a conservative affect that annihilates the possibility of change and maintains the status quo. The politics of rage promotes a deconstruction of the patriarchal system, joining with a subversive and cathartic joy that contains hope for a more just future.
Viscoplastic corner eddies
Authors: Taylor-West Jesse J. , Hogg Andrew J.
Published: May 2022

When viscous fluid in a corner is disturbed, eddies can form in the absence of inertia. Examples of flow configurations in which this motion occurs include flow through an abrupt contraction and over a cavity. Six decades ago, Moffatt (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 18, 1964, pp. 1–18) calculated the slow viscous flow of Newtonian fluids in sharp corners, detailing his eponymous ‘Moffatt eddies’. In this study we examine corner flows of viscoplastic materials, a class of non-Newtonian fluids which exhibit solid-like behaviour for stresses below a yield stress. Specifically, we consider a Bingham fluid, for which the material is perfectly rigid at stresses below the yield stress. While a static unyielded plug forms at the tip of the corner, eddies analogous to those found by Moffatt can also form. We examine these viscoplastic eddies numerically, by computing finite element solutions using the augmented-Lagrangian method, and analytically, by employing a viscoplastic boundary layer formulation and scaling arguments. We measure the depth of the static plug as a function of the Bingham number (dimensionless yield stress), show that the process of a new eddy forming as the Bingham number is decreased is driven by the pressure in the yielded fluid adjacent to the static plug, and provide a heuristic argument for the critical Bingham number at which this occurs.
ON HIGHER TORSION CLASSES
Authors: ASADOLLAHI JAVAD , JØRGENSEN PETER , SCHROLL SIBYLLE , TREFFINGER HIPOLITO
Published: May 2022

Building on the embedding of an n-abelian category
$\mathscr {M}$
into an abelian category
$\mathcal {A}$
as an n-cluster-tilting subcategory of
$\mathcal {A}$
, in this paper, we relate the n-torsion classes of
$\mathscr {M}$
with the torsion classes of
$\mathcal {A}$
. Indeed, we show that every n-torsion class in
$\mathscr {M}$
is given by the intersection of a torsion class in
$\mathcal {A}$
with
$\mathscr {M}$
. Moreover, we show that every chain of n-torsion classes in the n-abelian category
$\mathscr {M}$
induces a Harder–Narasimhan filtration for every object of
$\mathscr {M}$
. We use the relation between
$\mathscr {M}$
and
$\mathcal {A}$
to show that every Harder–Narasimhan filtration induced by a chain of n-torsion classes in
$\mathscr {M}$
can be induced by a chain of torsion classes in
$\mathcal {A}$
. Furthermore, we show that n-torsion classes are preserved by Galois covering functors, thus we provide a way to systematically construct new (chains of) n-torsion classes.
MWA tied-array processing IV: A multi-pixel beamformer for pulsar surveys and ionospheric corrected localisation
Authors: Swainston N. A. , Bhat N. D. R. , Morrison I. S. , McSweeney S. J. , Ord S. M. , Tremblay S. E. , Sokolowski M.
Published: May 2022

The Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) is a low-frequency aperture array capable of high-time and frequency resolution astronomy applications such as pulsar studies. The large field-of-view of the MWA (hundreds of square degrees) can also be exploited to attain fast survey speeds for all-sky pulsar search applications, but to maximise sensitivity requires forming thousands of tied-array beams from each voltage-capture observation. The necessity of using calibration solutions that are separated from the target observation both temporally and spatially makes pulsar observations vulnerable to uncorrected, frequency-dependent positional offsets due to the ionosphere. These offsets may be large enough to move the source away from the centre of the tied-array beam, incurring sensitivity drops of${\sim}30{-}50\%$in Phase II extended array configuration. We analyse these offsets in pulsar observations and develop a method for mitigating them, improving both the source position accuracy and the sensitivity. This analysis prompted the development of a multi-pixel beamforming functionality that can generate dozens of tied-array beams simultaneously, which runs a factor of ten times faster compared to the original single-pixel version. This enhancement makes it feasible to observe multiple pulsars within the vast field of view of the MWA and supports the ongoing large-scale pulsar survey efforts with the MWA. We explore the extent to which ionospheric offset correction will be necessary for the MWA Phase III and the low-frequency square kilometre array (SKA-low).
Temporary Disenfranchisement: Negative Side Effects of Lowering the Voting Age
Authors: LEININGER ARNDT , SOHNIUS MARIE-LOU , FAAS THORSTEN , ROẞTEUTSCHER SIGRID , SCHÄFER ARMIN
Published: May 2022

How does losing one’s right to vote again after having been eligible to vote before affect political fundamentals such as political efficacy? We draw attention to the hitherto neglected phenomenon “temporary disenfranchisement,” which, for instance, occurs regularly in states that extended the franchise to underage citizens in some but not all elections. If an election with voting age 16 is closely followed by an election with voting age 18, underage voters who are eligible for the former will have no right to vote in the latter. Using original panel data on young citizens in Germany and a differences-in-differences design, we find that temporary disenfranchisement results in a decrease in external efficacy, which remains even after regaining eligibility. Our findings highlight an important side effect of selective voting rights extensions and bear insights that are relevant to other cases of temporary disenfranchisement due to residential mobility, citizenship, or felony disenfranchisement.
Braiding Liberation Discourses: Dialectical, Civic and Disjunctive Views about Resistance and Violence
Authors: Allard-Tremblay Yann
Published: May 2022

This article puts three discourses about resistance and violence, coming from two distinct settler colonial contexts, in conversation, to highlight a distinctive theory of change associated with contemporary Indigenous movements. The first, from South Africa, can be seen in the writings of Nelson Mandela. It offers a dialectical view of resistance, where the oppressor sets the terms of the confrontation and where violence is allowable in the pursuit of change. The second discourse can be seen in the writings of James Tully and offers a theoretical bridge between the first and the third. It focuses on civic citizenship as a nonviolent engagement with terms of governance. The third can be seen in the writings of Indigenous theorists whose work focuses on resurgence. It offers a disjunctive theory of change that centres transgression and prefigurative practices. The conclusion of the article braids these discourses to discuss how they both converge and diverge.
Characterization of totally geodesic foliations with integrable and parallelizable normal bundle
Authors: da Silva Euripedes C. , Souza David C. , Reis Fernando P.P.
Published: May 2022

In this work, we study foliations of arbitrary codimension
$\mathfrak{F}$
with integrable normal bundles on complete Riemannian manifolds. We obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for
$\mathfrak{F}$
to be totally geodesic. For this, we introduce a special number
$\mathfrak{G}_{\mathfrak{F}}^{\alpha}$
that measures when the foliation ceases to be totally geodesic. Furthermore, applying some maximum principle we deduce geometric properties for
$\mathfrak{F}$
. We conclude with a geometrical version of Novikov’s theorem (Trans. Moscow Math. Soc. (1965), 268–304), for Riemannian compact manifolds of arbitrary dimension.
Flooded Through the Back Door: The Role of Bank Capital in Local Shock Spillovers
Authors: Rehbein Oliver , Ongena Steven
Published: May 2022

This article demonstrates that low bank capital carries a negative externality because it amplifies local shock spillovers. We exploit a natural disaster that is transmitted to firms in nondisaster areas via their banks. Firms connected to a strongly disaster-exposed bank with lowest-quartile capitalization significantly reduce their total borrowing by 6.6% and tangible assets by 6.9% compared to similar firms connected to a well-capitalized bank. These findings translate to negative regional effects on GDP and unemployment. Additionally, following a disaster event, banks reduce their exposure to currently unaffected but generally disaster-prone areas.
Affixal rivalry and its purely semantic resolution among English derived adjectives
Authors: NAGANO AKIKO
Published: May 2022

This paper aims to fill in a long missing piece in the paradigmatic word-formation research: a set of rival affixes whose members are differentiated in meaning. We argue that such a set can be found in English derivational adjectivalization, in the affixal rivalry between the adjectivalizing suffixes-edand-y.Using the traditional method of doublet comparison (Aronoff 1976, 2020), we reveal that adjectives of the formXedand those of the formXy(Xstanding for the source word) differ in the scale type.Xedadjectives are closed-scale adjectives, butXyadjectives are totally open-scale adjectives. The scale-type difference explains whyXedadjectives combine with certain degree modifiers, whereasXyadjectives do not. Furthermore, we show that the rival affixes are doubly differentiated in the deverbal domain in terms of the said output scale type and the input base selection. In this domain, the major sources of the closed-scale-edadjectives and the open-scale-yadjectives are result and manner verbs, respectively.
New cytogenetic data on Caryophyllaeus laticeps and Paracaryophyllaeus gotoi, parasites of evolutionary interest
Authors: Orosová Martina , Marková Anna , Marec František , Barčák Daniel , Brázová Timea , Oros Mikuláš
Published: May 2022

Caryophyllideans are intestinal parasites of freshwater fishes, occupying a basal position among the ‘true’ tapeworms. We performed detailed cytogenetic analyses of the well-known caryophyllidean species Caryophyllaeus laticeps. For comparison, we also examined for the first time the chromosomes of Paracaryophyllaeus gotoi, a specific parasite of loaches in China. Both species showed a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 20, n = 10m. Chromomycin A3 (CMA3)/diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining performed for the first time in the class Cestoda revealed CMA3+/DAPI− bands in the pericentromeric regions of the short arms of chromosome pair no. 7 in the karyotype of C. laticeps. Fluorescence in situ hybridization with the 18S rDNA probe confirmed the presence of a single cluster of major rDNA near the centromere on a pair of small chromosomes in both species. These findings support the hypothesis that the ancestral state in the family Caryophyllaeidae is a single interstitial cluster of major rDNA genes and thus one nucleolar organizer region per haploid genome. Our results, which we presented together with literature data plotted on a phylogenetic tree, show stability of caryophyllidean karyotypes at the genus level, but showed differences between genera without a clear phylogenetic signal. The data allowed us to at least formulate a hypothesis about the ancestral haploid chromosome number of n = 10 for the family Caryophyllaeidae and possibly for the sister family Capingentidae. In addition, we compared two populations of C. laticeps from water bodies with different levels of polychlorinated biphenyl contamination, showing a slightly increased incidence of chromosomal abnormalities at the contaminated site.
Messaging, policy and “credible” votes: do members of Congress vote differently when policy is on the line?
Authors: Gray Thomas R. , Jenkins Jeffery A.
Published: May 2022

Many recorded roll calls in Congress each year are votes on bills that have no chance of becoming law, or are purely symbolic, or are procedural without policy content. Yet models of voting and measurement models of member preferences make assumptions that vote choices are largely about utility derived from policies. We consider the possibility that votes plausibly connected to policy and votes not plausibly connected to policy may have different data-generating processes and rely on different utility functions. Substantively, similarity across different contexts for policy change implies an importance of messaging over policy. Methodologically, similarity across these contexts is necessary to avoid biasing estimates of member preferences. We find that members’ voting patterns are highly stable across contexts in which policy change is credible and not credible. This indicates that existing measures of ideal points are likely not dramatically biased by the inclusion of policy-irrelevant votes.
Producing Scientific Motherhood: State-led Neoliberal Modernization and Nannies' Subjectivity in Contemporary China
Authors: Su Yihui , Ni Anni
Published: May 2022

This paper uses the perspective of “state-led neoliberal modernization” to explore the collusion of the state and the market in the construction of scientific motherhood and its effect on rural nannies in China. It claims that the state and the market work together to shape rural nannies’ modern subjectivity in the neoliberal economy through the commercial training programme of scientific motherhood. Based on a case study in Shanghai, this paper argues that the training for scientific motherhood attempts to transform rural women into modern care workers through two mechanisms: reconstructing recognition and mobilizing emotion. Rather than passively receiving the training, nannies use their agency to adjust the knowledge and practice of scientific motherhood to suit their complicated working situation. Their strategies include deploying scientific knowledge flexibly and instrumentally, practising self-restraint in limited intimacy, and paying attention to their own familial investment.
The importance of biodiversity risks
Authors: Jones A. , Allison R. , Bedenham G. , Bharadwa B. , Clyde J. , Darsley A. , Spencer N.
Published: May 2022

This paper highlights the urgent need for actuaries to take into account the importance, perils and impacts of global biodiversity risks. The Biodiversity and Natural Capital Working Party has been set up to take forward a series of activities including think pieces, webinars and external engagement to ensure our proactive engagement with these risks.
Introduction to biodiversity valuation tools
Authors: Allison R. , Sindhu S. , Konwar P. , Naidoo L. , Yu L.
Published: May 2022

This paper investigates potential biodiversity valuation tools which actuaries could use in their work. It is an initial research paper into a selection of UK-based biodiversity valuation tools identified by the Department for Environment and Rural Affairs in its publication “Enabling a Natural Capital Approach Guidance”. The “Enabling a Natural Capital Approach Guidance” publication is seen as a comprehensive practical guide to natural capital and therefore is determined a sensible starting point on which to base this research. This research paper is not intended to be an exhaustive exploration of all biodiversity tools available, but rather is intended to identify a selection of tools which may be candidates for further research into their actuarial use case. We conclude that there are tools which merit additional research, and we recommend that these tools be further investigated to understand (i) the specific actuarial use case(s), (ii) whether the tools are applicable to direct infrastructure investments only or a broad range of asset classes, and (iii) whether their scope can be extended beyond the UK.
A Multivariate Scaling System Is Essential to Characterize the Tropical Cyclones' Risk
Authors: Alipour Atieh , Yarveysi Farnaz , Moftakhari Hamed , Song Jae Yeol , Moradkhani Hamid
Published: May 2022

The current Tropical Cyclones (TCs) scaling system, Saffir‐Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale (SSHWS), characterizes the hazardousness of these events solely based on wind speed. This is despite the fact that TCs are classic examples of compound hazards during which multiple hazard drivers that are wind, storm surge, and intense rainfall interact and yield in impacts greater than the sum of individuals. Studies have shown that people's decision to evacuate is highly related to the estimated SSHWS category. Thus, the current SSHWS ‐based classification of TCs yields an underestimation of the hazardousness of TCs and so may misguide the threatened communities. Here, we propose a new scaling system that uses Copulas for categorizing TCs based on the likelihood of a given set of severity for rainfall, surge, and wind speed. We use a variety of data sources to obtain the timing and intensity of wind speed, rainfall along the track, and the associated maximum surge for 102 TCs that have made landfall in the United States' Atlantic and Gulf coasts between 1979 and 2020. Comparing the outputs of our scaling system with official damage reporting for the costliest TCs in the history of the United States, we show that the proposed approach significantly improves TC hazard communication and can be useful for informing decision makers and emergency responders.
Differential Rotation in Jupiter's Interior Revealed by Simultaneous Inversion for the Magnetic Field and Zonal Flux Velocity
Authors: Bloxham Jeremy , Moore Kimberly M. , Kulowski Laura , Cao Hao , Yadav Rakesh K. , Stevenson David J. , Connerney John E. P. , Bolton Scott J.
Published: May 2022

A key objective of the current Juno mission (Bolton et al., 2017, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aal2108) is the direct determination of the secular variation (time dependency) of Jupiter's internal magnetic field in order to further understand the dynamics of Jupiter's interior. Here, we find that the residuals to a static, baseline model of the magnetic field are consistent with the effects of secular variation, specifically secular variation arising from zonal drift of the field. We present a technique for simultaneously inverting for the main magnetic field and secular variation due to zonal drift of the field. We explore the required drift systematically and argue that although the drift is dominated by a prograde super‐rotation, corresponding to approximately 1 part in 106 relative to System IIIa (1965), there is also evidence for differential drift of the field. We compare the resultant secular variation with that determined by Moore et al. (2019, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-019-0772-5) and Connerney et al. (2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021je007055) and find good agreement. This suggests that the drift rate of Jupiter's magnetic field is steady over time periods of several decades, though short period secular variation (such as that resulting from torsional oscillations) superimposed on this steady secular variation is still possible.
Open and Fair Data in Tropical Forests
Authors: Pardikar Rishika
Published: May 2022

People who gather ground data on tropical forests are highly disadvantaged compared to the users of such data. A new paper suggests long-term collaborations as a path forward.
Wind‐Enhanced Hydrogen Escape on Mars
Authors: Gu Hao , Cui Jun , Huang Xu , Sun Mingyang
Published: May 2022

Hydrogen escape is a metric of water loss on Mars, which controls the long‐term evolution of the planet. While the Jeans formulism has been traditionally used to evaluate hydrogen escape on Mars, here we propose that this escape could be significantly enhanced by horizontal winds near the exobase. The enhancement reaches 20% for H and 100% for H2, and presents solar cycle, seasonal, and diurnal variations well correlated with the variations of the horizontal wind velocity. Physically, the enhancement is driven by the departure of the particle velocity distribution from ideal Maxwellian and is critically controlled by the Mach number as the ratio of the horizontal wind velocity to the thermal velocity. A larger Mach number (due to a larger wind velocity, a lower temperature, a larger particle mass, or any combination of the three) implies a stronger degree of departure and consequently more enhanced escape over the Jeans case.
Rainbow of the Night: First Direct Observation of a SAR Arc Evolving Into STEVE
Authors: Martinis C. , Griffin I. , Gallardo‐Lacourt B. , Wroten J. , Nishimura Y. , Baumgardner J. , Knudsen D. J.
Published: May 2022

During the 17 March 2015 geomagnetic storm, citizen scientist observations from Dunedin (45.95°S, 170.32°E), New Zealand, revealed a bright wide red arc known as stable auroral red (SAR) arc evolving into a thin white‐mauve arc, known as Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement (STEVE). An all‐sky imager at the Mount John Observatory (43.99°S, 170.46°E), 200 km north of Dunedin, detected an extremely bright arc in 630.0 nm, with a peak of ∼6 kR, colocated with the arc measured at Dunedin at an assumed height of 425 km. Swarm satellite data measured plasma parameters that showed strong subauroral ion drift signatures when the SAR arc was observed. These conditions intensified to extremely high values in a thinner channel when STEVE was present. Our results highlight the fast evolution of plasma properties and their effects on optical emissions. Current theories and models are unable to reproduce or explain these observations.
Butene Emissions From Coastal Ecosystems May Contribute to New Particle Formation
Authors: Giorio Chiara , Doussin Jean‐François , D’Anna Barbara , Mas Sébastien , Filippi Daniele , Denjean Cyrielle , Mallet Marc Daniel , Bourrianne Thierry , Burnet Frédéric , Cazaunau Mathieu , Chikwililwa Chibo , Desboeufs Karine , Feron Anaïs , Michoud Vincent , Namwoonde Andreas , Andreae Meinrat O. , Piketh Stuart J. , Formenti Paola
Published: May 2022

Marine ecosystems are important drivers of the global climate system. They emit volatile species into the atmosphere, involved in complex reaction cycles that influence the lifetime of greenhouse gases. Sea spray and marine biogenic aerosols affect Earth's climate by scattering solar radiation and controlling cloud microphysical properties. Here we show larger than expected marine biogenic emissions of butenes, three orders of magnitude higher than dimethyl sulfide, produced by the coastal part of the Benguela upwelling system, one of the most productive marine ecosystems in the world. We show that these emissions may contribute to new particle formation in the atmosphere within the marine boundary layer through production of Criegee intermediates that oxidize SO2 to H2SO4. Butene emissions from the marine biota may affect air quality and climate through ozone, secondary organic aerosol, and cloud condensation nuclei formation even in pristine regions of the world. Our results indicate a potentially important role of butene emissions in marine particle formation that requires investigation in other regions.
Significant Difference of the Summertime Eastward Jet Enhancement in the South China Sea During the El Niño Developing Summers of 1982 and 1997
Authors: Sun Yan , Lan Jian
Published: May 2022

The interannual variation of the South China Sea (SCS) summertime eastward jet (SEJ) contributes to the regional climate and ecology. Based on the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation data set, this study conducts a case analysis of SEJ in the SCS during two El Niño developing years, 1982 and 1997. In both years, the summer‐mean circulation presented a stronger SEJ with an obvious dipole pattern; however, the enhancement of SEJ was significantly weaker in 1997 than that in 1982. The reasons for enhanced SEJ and the difference of the enhancement magnitude (e.g., 256% and 52%) between 1982 and 1997 are explored. The climatological summer‐mean southwesterly wind stress is strongest in the middle SCS and decreases northward and southward (i.e., an arch‐shaped structure), forming a wind stress curl field conducive to the generation of SEJ. There is a low‐level anticyclonic anomaly during El Niño developing summer, with its northern flank enhancing the SCS monsoon. However, the structures of wind anomaly in the SCS are different in 1982 and 1997, which may relate to the earlier or later development of El Niño events modulated by the eastward migration of Madden‐Julian oscillation. In 1982, the northern flank of the anomalous anticyclone strengthened the climatological arch‐shaped structure, effectively enhancing the wind stress curls and SEJ. Whereas, in 1997, the northward deviation of the northern flank weakened the arch‐shaped structure north of 11°N, reduced the positive wind stress curl around 11°N–14.2°N, and caused the weaker enhancement of SEJ in 1997 than in 1982.
Concentrations and Yields of Total Hg and MeHg in Large Boreal Rivers Linked to Water and Wetland Coverage in the Watersheds
Authors: Fink‐Mercier Caroline , Lapierre Jean‐François , Amyot Marc , del Giorgio Paul A.
Published: May 2022

Large rivers are major contributors of mercury (Hg) fluxes to the ocean, as they integrate processes of loading and loss occurring at the watershed level. Stream‐scale studies have revealed that specific landscape properties, such as wetlands or lakes, are hotspots for Hg and methylmercury (MeHg) loading, sinks and transformation, but we still do not know how they operate at the whole network scale and over large geographic gradients. In this study, we evaluate how landscape metrics are related to riverine concentrations and yields of total Hg and MeHg in 18 large boreal rivers draining watersheds ranging from 44 to 209,453 km2, distributed along a 650 km latitudinal transect in the James Bay region of Québec. Our analyses of landscape metrics using elastic net models and mixed models reinforce the role of wetlands as sources of MeHg, but further show that surface coverage of water in the watershed is the major driver of both Hg and MeHg concentrations and fluxes at the whole network scale. Our findings also demonstrate that seasonality modulates the relationship between landscape properties and Hg forms. Based on hydrologic data, we additionally estimate annual fluxes for the whole Eastern James Bay to 441 kg Hg and 14.6 kg MeHg, and average landscape yield to 1.24 g Hg km−2 y−1 and 0.041 g MeHg km−2 y−1. Our study provides tools to broadly predict riverine Hg concentrations and fluxes with only a few easily accessible landscape metrics, which were shown to be better predictors than physico‐chemical variables.
Shared genomic architectures of COVID-19 and antisocial behavior
Authors: Adams Charleen D. , Tielbeek Jorim J. , Boutwell Brian B. ,   Broad Antisocial Behavior Consortium
Published: May 2022

Little is known about the genetics of norm violation and aggression in relation to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To investigate this, we used summary statistics from genome-wide association studies and linkage disequilibrium score regression to calculate a matrix of genetic correlations (rgs) for antisocial behavior (ASB), COVID-19, and various health and behavioral traits. After false-discovery rate correction, ASB was genetically correlated with COVID-19 (rg = 0.51; P = 1.54E-02) and 19 other traits. ASB and COVID-19 were both positively genetically correlated with having a noisy workplace, doing heavy manual labor, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and genitourinary diseases. ASB and COVID-19 were both inversely genetically correlated with average income, education years, healthspan, verbal reasoning, lifespan, cheese intake, and being breastfed as a baby. But keep in mind that rgs are not necessarily causal. And, if causal, their prevailing directions of effect (which causes which) are indiscernible from rgs alone. Moreover, the SNP-heritability ($$h_g^2$$

h

g

2

) estimates for two measures of COVID-19 were very small, restricting the overlap of genetic variance in absolute terms between ASB and COVID-19. Nonetheless, our findings suggest that those with antisocial tendencies possibly have a higher risk of exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) than those without antisocial tendencies. This may have been especially true early in the pandemic before vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 were available and before the emergence of the highly transmissible Omicron variant.
Associations of plasma angiostatin and amyloid-β and tau levels in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Cheng Yuan , Ren Jun-Rong , Jian Jie-Ming , He Chen-Yang , Xu Man-Yu , Zeng Gui-Hua , Tan Cheng-Rong , Shen Ying-Ying , Jin Wang-Sheng , Chen Dong-Wan , Li Hui-Yun , Yi Xu , Zhang Yuan , Bu Xian-Le , Wang Yan-Jiang
Published: May 2022

Angiostatin, an endogenous angiogenesis inhibitor generated by the proteolytic cleavage of plasminogen, was recently reported to contribute to the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, whether there are pathological changes in angiostatin levels in individuals with AD dementia is unclear, and whether plasma angiostatin has a relationship with major AD pathological processes and cognitive impairment remains unknown. To examine plasma angiostatin levels in patients with AD dementia and investigate the associations of angiostatin with blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers, we conducted a cross-sectional study including 35 cognitively normal control (CN) subjects and 59 PiB-PET-positive AD dementia patients. We found that plasma angiostatin levels were decreased in AD dementia patients compared to CN subjects. Plasma angiostatin levels were negatively correlated with plasma Aβ42 and Aβ40 levels in AD dementia patients and positively correlated with CSF total tau (t-tau) levels and t-tau/Aβ42 in AD dementia patients with APOE-ε4. In addition, plasma angiostatin levels had the potential to distinguish AD from CN. These findings suggest a link between angiostatin and AD pathogenesis and imply that angiostatin might be a potential diagnostic biomarker for AD.