bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EU Political Agenda of COVID-19 Crisis: Mechanisms and Financial Instruments to Mitigate the Economic Effects of the Pandemic in Newspapers ‘El País’ and ‘El Mundo’
Authors: Lobo Mafalda
Published: February 2021

With approximately one fifth of the world population in blockade, the COVID-19 has radically changed indi­viduals’ way of life. The virus has in­fected million people and more than 200 countries (Worldometer’s COV­ID-19 data). But the effects of the virus go far beyond its biological capacity to cause disease. Beginning in the city of Wuhan, China, it rapidly spread across national borders, and has drawn at­tention to the porous and interconnect­ed world in which we live. The econom­ic results from the lockdown measures put the question of the European Un­ion project. This article intends to an­alyse how the press in Spain, one of the Eurozone countries most affected by COVID-19, reflected the decisions of the EU (mechanisms and financial instruments) to mitigate the economic effects. The corpus of analysis includes articles published by the newspapers ‘El País’ and ‘El Mundo’. The analytic peri­od starts on March 1 and ends on April 24, the day after the European Council approved the Economic Recovery Fund. The results show that the published news reflects the recommendations and decisions of the EU institutions, framing the mechanisms and financial instruments into coordinated Econom­ic Strategy from EU, so essential to the economic recovery of Member States. Keywords: European Union, COV­ID-19, political agenda, Spanish news­paper, content analysis.
When Social Media Doesn’t Determine All: The Topics and Narratives of Latvian Political Parties on Facebook During the 2019 European Parliament Elections Campaign
Authors: Pričins Mārtiņš
Published: February 2021

Over the last decade, the implementation of campaigns by political parties and their candidates on social media platforms has become an integral part of political communication. Political communication studies have long indicated that elections are becoming personalized, with more focus on party leaders or individual candidates. But studies on communication by political parties to understand the identity of parties and their potential in communication with voters remain relevant. The aim of the paper is to analyse the visual election materials of the political parties from Latvia on the social network Facebook during the 2019 European Parliament (EP) election campaign. The research period is two weeks before elections. The subject of the study is election materials on Facebook accounts of the parties representing the national parliament of Latvia. A codebook for analysis has been developed, containing common and specific variables, designed to explore the verbal and visual dimensions. The results of the study allow us to draw conclusions about the changing success of new populist and traditional parties, as well as to look at the role of Facebook in elections in a little-studied country.
Habits and feelings for the informative coverage of the covid-19 during the confinement in Spain
Authors: Bernal Ana Isabel
Published: February 2021

Home confinement, due to the Covid-19 health crisis, causes a change in daily routines. Among them, the habit of accessing news, even more in countries like Spain, one of the main sources of the disease and with a longer stay in homes. This article analyzes media consumption in the first week of confinement through an online survey (N = 530), and a subsequent wave (N = 300) to identify changes in reporting routines after one month of confinement, with quantitative and other qualitative questions, semi-structured. The results show that in the face of a greater informative interest in the first week, there has been a decrease in the time spent on news about the coronavirus due to sensations such as overinformation, stress or anxiety, or the absence of novelty, as well as a greater selection of media, social networks and journalists. There is also a criticism of misinformation, fake news, sensationalism, unethics in some news and constant doubt about the ideological intent of the information.
LOS ORÍGENES DE UN MUNDO GLOBAL. MARCO HISTÓRICO DEL VIAJE DE MAGALLANES Y ELCANO EN EL CONTEXTO DE LA CELEBRACIÓN DEL V CENTENARIO DE LA PRIMERA CIRCUNNAVEGACIÓN
Authors: Montojo Sánchez Lucas
Published: February 2021

En este artículo se analizan los principales acontecimientos de los siglos XV y XVI que influyeron en el viaje de Fernando de Magallanes y Juan Sebastián Elcano. Se establece el marco histórico necesario para la correcta contextualización de la primera vuelta al mundo -1519-1521-.
LA PRIMERA VUELTA AL MUNDO (1519-1522)
Authors: Rodríguez González Agustín Ramón
Published: February 2021

La Primera Vuelta al Mundo, la mayor gesta marinera de la Historia, de la que ahora se cumplen 500 años, tuvo una gestación que se remonta al proyecto de Colón de llegar al Extremo Oriente navegando en dirección contraria y aprovechando la ya prevista de antiguo esfericidad de la Tierra, aunque fallara en establecer sus dimensiones correctas. Insistiendo en esa idea tras el descubrimiento accidental de América, especialmente tras nuevos descubrimientos como el de Vasco Núñez de Balboa, acometieron la tarea de cruzar el nuevo y más extenso océano. El proyecto de Magallanes era aún más preciso y limitado: llegar a las islas de las especias por otro camino del iniciado por Portugal, lo que provocó la animosidad del vecino reino que había comenzado sus exploraciones por una vía más tradicional, contorneando África y llegando al Índico y al Extremo Oriente. Muerto Magallanes antes de llegar a su objetivo, la decisión de la circunnavegación del planeta fue decisión de Elcano. Y el crucial “tornaviaje” fruto de la aportación de Urdaneta.
LAS NAVEGACIONES OCEÁNICAS DE LA PRIMERA VUELTA AL MUNDO (1519-1522)
Authors: Blanco Nuñez José María
Published: February 2021

Describiremos las navegaciones y los problemas de todo tipo habidos durante la primera circunnavegación. Fernando Magallanes, con una armada de cinco barcos, salió a buscar las islas de la especiería, siempre gobernando al W, para lo que tendría que encontrar previamente un paso a la Mar del Sur, descubierta por Vasco Núñez de Balboa seis años antes. La Victoria, al mando de J.S. Elcano, llegaría a Sevilla tres años después, con 18 hombres a bordo, después de haber abierto una nueva derrota de navegación entre Timor y el Cabo de Buena Esperanza. Los sufrimientos fueron extraordinarios, pero el tesón y la constancia triunfaron sobre todas las dificultades. A esta empresa española, se opuso el Rey de Portugal; Carlos I de España apoyándola y financiándola en un 75%, el otro 25% lo desembolsó el banquero burgalés Cristóbal de Haro, procuraría aquel Imperio en el que no se ponía el sol.
Implikasi Isbath Nikah Terhadap Status Istri, Anak Dan Harta Dalam Perkawinan Dibawah Tangan
Authors: Andri Muhammad
Published: February 2021

Undang undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 pasal 2 ayat (2) sangat jelas mengahruskan pencatatan perkawinan, namun kenyataan di kalangan masyarakat masih terdapat perkawinan yang tidak di catatkan hal ini terbukti dengan adanya sidang isbat nikah di indonesia  seperti di pengadilan tinggi agama Jawa timur telah mengabulkan perkara permohonan (voluntair) sebesar 679 perkara yang dikabulkan sesuai dalam laporan kinerja Pengadilan Tinggi Agama tahun 2019. Adapun metode penelitian dalam penulisan artikelnya ini adalah metode penelitian hukum normatif, yaitu penelitian yang difokuskan untuk mengkaji penerapan kaidah-kaidah atau norma-norma dalam hukum positif. Penelitian hukum  yuridis normatif metodenya biasanya bersifat kualitatif  (tidak berbentuk angka). Dalam temuannya bahwa implikasi isbath nikah terhadap status istri, anak dan harta  perkawinan dalam perkawinan dibawah tangan, bahwa dengan adanya isbat nikah sesuai dengan Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 1 tahun 2015 memiliki akibat hukum apabila dilakukan permohonan pengesahan perkawinan yang berimplikasi jaminan hukum hubungan perkawinan suami dan istri, anak dan akte kelahirannya, harta dalam perkawinan dapat memperolah jaminan hukum.
Seasonal distribution and drivers of surface fine particulate matterand organic aerosol over the Indo-Gangetic Plain
Authors: Mogno Caterina , Palmer Paul I. , Knote Christoph , Yao Fei , Wallington Timothy J.
Published: February 2021

Abstract. The Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) is home to 6 % of the global population and is responsible for a large fraction of agricultural crop production in Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh. Levels of fine particulate matter (mean diameter
A pegada galaica de Carmen Martín Gaite na súa obra. Da teoría literaria á práctica de ficción
Authors: Fuentes del Río Mónica
Published: February 2021

Este traballo analiza a presenza e influencia de Galicia, a súa cultura e a súa literatura sobre a vida e a obra da escritora Carmen Martín Gaite, na súa teoría literaria e na súa práctica de ficción, debido ás orixes galegas da súa familia materna. En primeiro lugar, este aspecto estúdase nas súas reflexións sobre a arte de narrar, contidas no seu ensaio e produción xornalística; en segundo lugar, examínase se se trata dunha das súas influencias culturais, presente nas súas distintas facetas creativas; e, finalmente, investígase na súa narración, por exemplo, como motivo temático e como localización dalgunha das súas obras literarias. Ademais, analízase se a súa ascendencia galega motiva a súa fascinación por Portugal e os seus escritores, moi influentes na autora, así como as conexións mutuas entre os creadores galego-portugueses e a súa propia obra.
Entre o épico e o paródico: procesos de liberación nacional en La saga/fuga de J. B. de Gonzalo Torrente Ballester
Authors: Pesado Rodríguez Pablo
Published: February 2021

Gonzalo Torrente Ballester (1910-1999) é, sen dúbida, un dos máis importantes novelistas da literatura española da segunda metade do pasado século. A conquista desa posición canónica a partir dos anos 70 está directamente relacionada coa boa recepción, tanto por parte da crítica como por parte do público, da que gozou a súa novela La saga/fuga de J. B., publicada en 1972. É tamén a partir dese momento que o autor se achegará á cultura galega e que comezará a participar dos seus debates intelectuais e políticos. Con este contributo pretendemos deitar luz sobre as estratexias que Torrente desenvolveu para conseguir ocupar posicións relevantes en dous sistemas –o galego e o español– sucados por un conflito nacional. Analizaremos con ese fin o papel que historia e historiadores xogan en La saga/fuga de J. B., prestando particular atención aos distintos procesos de liberación nacional que constitúen a súa trama. Intentaremos así dar unha nova lectura ao texto que o comprenda non só como un artefacto lúdico, senón tamén como un texto de compromiso político.
Los rebeldes de Tenneco. Resistencia laboral, movilización social y presión institucional "blanda" en un caso de estudio sobre deslocalización productiva
Authors: González Begega Sergio , Köhler Holm-Detlev
Published: February 2021

El artículo aborda las estrategias de acción colectiva frente a la deslocalización productiva. La metodología es de estudio de caso único teóricamente orientado, que reconstruye la experiencia de protesta de la plantilla de Tenneco-Gijón. Se examina la formación de coaliciones micro-políticas de base local cuyo objetivo es resistir a las decisiones de reestructuración corporativa de las empresas transnacionales que implican el cierre de centros de trabajo. El artículo se apoya en un marco teórico innovador, que concibe el comportamiento corporativo como un orden institucional dinámico, construido a partir del conflicto y de las relaciones de poder entre actores, internos y externos a la empresa transnacional. Los resultados de investigación confirman la reversibilidad de las decisiones sobre deslocalización productiva en casos de movilización laboral con fuerte soporte social e institucional.
Réquiem por la industria de Gijón: pérdida de la identidad colectiva, conflictos emocionales y consecuencias sociales
Authors: Alonso-Domínguez Ángel
Published: February 2021

El artículo investiga la raíz de la nostalgia del pasado industrial. Es un tipo de análisis frecuente en el ámbito anglosajón pero ignorado habitualmente por la sociología de nuestro país. A partir de dos grupos de discusión llevados a cabo con personas trabajadoras de los sectores textil, naval, minería y automoción afectadas por procesos de desindustrialización, cierres de actividad o despidos colectivos, se examina críticamente el pasado. Se trata de conocer el tipo de nostalgia predominante, si los trabajos representan lo mismo para quienes estuvieron implicados en ellos y si la distancia temporal puede cambiar las representaciones asociadas a la pérdida de una forma de vida. Los discursos oscilan entre el lamento y la resignación, el enfado y el desconcierto que provocan la pérdida de la estabilidad e incluso de la dignidad en las personas trabajadoras, hasta los recuerdos negativos en los que afloran las tensiones en el trabajo
Participation of children with Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome: intersections between the bioecological model and human functionality
Authors: Sá Miriam Ribeiro Calheiros de , Pletsch Márcia Denise
Published: February 2021

This article presents results of the participation and functionality of children with multiple disabilities due to Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome in activities performed at home. The qualitative research was carried out in Baixada Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. To collect information, we used the instrument Participation and Environment - Children and Youth (PEMCY). The data were analyzed based on the references of the bioecological and systemic theory of human development by Uri Bronfenbrenner, in dialogue with the perspective of human functionality of the World Health Organization. The results howed that mothers are not only the main person responsible for the daily care of children at home, but also for developing different strategies to expand the participation and functionality of the child in daily activities, being, therefore, protagonists of the social and educational inclusion. They also indicated the need for intersectoral programs and actions to favor the development of these children and improve the quality of life and their well-being.
APPLICATION OF DENT@LIGN DIGITAL ALIGNERS FOR CORRECTION OF CROWDING
Authors:   Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University - Sofia, Bulgaria., Dinkova Miroslava
Published: February 2021

Purpose: To analyze the possibilities for correction of the crowding in the upper and lower dental arch with DENT@LIGN digital aligners. Materials and Methods: DENT@LIGN digital aligners (DLN) were applied for correction of the crowding in 127 patients, 69 of whom were treated in both jaws, 36–only in the upper and 22 –only in the lower. A complete orthodontic analysis of the patients before and after treatment was made. The patients were divided into four groups: without crowding; with mild crowding- up to 3 mm; with moderate crowding –– from 3.1 to 7.0 mm; with severe crowding - over 7.1 mm arch length deficiency. The DLN are applied into steps with optimal wearing of18-21 hours a day. Each step has to be worn for one month and consists of 3 aligners: soft (0.55 mm), medium (0.625 mm) and hard (0.75 mm). The results were statistically processed. Results: In the upper dental arch, the percentage of patients without crowding increased significantly after the treatment with DLN from 35% (N = 33) to 92.5% (N = 86). In the lower dental arch, the percentage of patients without crowding increased from 21% (N = 13) to 91.5% (N = 75). Conclusion: DENT@LIGN digital aligners are a successful and effective method for treatment of crowding in patients of all ages.
Experimental evidence for the interpretation of definite plural articles as markers of genericity – How Italian can help
Authors: Redolfi Michela , Soares Sergio Miguel Pereira , Czypionka Anna , Kupisch Tanja
Published: February 2021

In the Romance languages, definite plural articles (e.g., le rane ‘the frogs’) are generally ambiguous between a generic and a specific interpretation, and speakers must reconstruct the intended interpretation through the linguistic or extra-linguistic context. Following the “polar bear” paradigm implemented in Czypionka & Kupisch (2019)’s investigation on German, the goal of the present study is to check the suitability of their test on article semantics, by establishing to what extent native speakers of Italian interpret ambiguous definite plural DPs as generic or specific in the presence of a nonlinguistic picture context. We present judgment and reaction time data monitoring the preferred reading of sentences introduced by different kinds of noun phrases (e.g., Le rane/Queste rane/Le rane di solito sono verdi/gialle ‘The/These/Usually frogs are green/yellow’), while looking at pictures showing  prototypical or non-prototypical properties (e.g., green vs. yellow frogs). Our results show that both possible interpretations of definite plural articles are routinely considered in Italian, despite the presence of a picture with specific referents, validating the “polar bear” paradigm as a suitable test of article semantics.
Technology in Social Entrepreneurship Studies: A Bibliometric Analysis (1990-2019)
Authors: Dettori Angela , Floris Michela
Published: February 2021

This paper presents a bibliometric analysis of the academic studies focused on technology in social entrepreneurship, published from 1990 to 2019 and indexed in WoS database. Quantitative evidence supports the idea that this topic has gained increasing attention of scholars, especially recently. However, there are rooms for further studies oriented to analyse social enterprises’ ability to adopt technologies to be sustainable and competitive in a hyper-turbulent market in which technology represents a key component. The descriptive statistical analysis identifies the most prolific authors, journals, countries and institutions that have contributed to the development of this topic; and the citation trends reveal a significant consolidation of this field of research that reflects the development of other theories regarding the role that technology has in social entrepreneurship.
Designing Frequent Flyer Programs Effectively - a Market-Research- and Interview-Based Study for the German Aviation Sector
Authors: Wever Mark
Published: February 2021

In the face of growing competitive pressure and the dilemma of revenue-cuts due to the Corona lock-down airlines have to question their marketing activities. Frequent Flyer Programs (FFP) of German airlines have to date been an important element of customer relationship marketing in the brand-airlines segment, but recently have been cut back due to doubts on their profitability.

The study refers to a comprehensive review of empirical studies in FFP to classify design characteristics of international programs. Referring to this classification it analyses the design framework of Germany’s predominant Frequent Flyer program (Miles & More) in the form of a case study, and compares the approach to international standards. Five insider expert interviews are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the concept and derive development options to secure the sustainable effectiveness of the program in a changing aviation market.

The study finds some adaptations to Miles & More indispensable to make the program future-proof. A comprehensive and convincing framework comprising status, monetary and service rewards is essential to ensure consumer attractiveness and continuity. The partner network has to be expanded globally to ensure the programs international attraction. Bonuses have to be amended to particularly address frequent and international flyers Considering this advice, Miles & More can become an important building block in a post-Corona airline marketing setup.
On the Dimension of Non-Abelian Tensor Squares of $n$-Lie Algebras
Authors: Saeedi Farshid , Akbarossadat Nafiseh
Published: February 2021

Let $L$ be an $n$-Lie algebra over a field $\F$. In this paper, we introduce the notion of non-abelian tensor square $L\otimes L$ of $L$ and define the central ideal $L\square L$ of it. Using techniques from group theory and Lie algebras, we show that that $L\square L\cong L^{ab}\square L^{ab}$. Also, we establish the short exact sequence\[0\lra\M(L)\lra\frac{L\otimes L}{L\square L}\lra L^2\lra0\]and apply it to compute an upper bound for the dimension of non-abelian tensor square of $L$.
Position Vectors of Curves Generalizing General Helices and Slant Helices in Euclidean 3-Space
Authors: Izid Malika , Haimi Abderrazak El , Chahdi Amina Ouazzani
Published: February 2021

Inthispaper,wegiveanewcharacterizationofak-slanthelixwhichisageneral- ization of general helix and slant helix. Thereafter, we construct a vector differential equation of the third order to determine the parametric representation of a k-slant helix according to standard frame in Euclidean 3-space. Finally, we apply this method to find the position vector of some examples of 2-slant helix by means of intrinsic equations.
Air traffic safety management: ANSP perspective
Authors: PIWEK Dolores Gracja
Published: February 2021

The dynamic growth of air operations in the airspace is related to air traffic threats, which obliges aviation organizations to predict them and develop a proactive safety management strategy. The study aimed to analyze how the air navigation service provider (ANSP) implements the safety management system's assumptions in the event of a constant increase in air traffic and whether these activities contribute to achieving the assumed parameters (indicators) of safety. For this purpose, a critical analysis of the literature was carried out, supplemented with interviews conducted among these institutions' representatives. The best tools for implementing the safety management system's objectives, including hazard identification and risk management by ANSP, were identified. These are the safety assessment methodology for changes in functional systems SAM (Safety Assessment Methodology), the mandatory and voluntary reporting of aviation occurrences, and the RAMS risk assessment mark sheets. It should be noted, however, that the change management process concerns primarily planned changes. Simultaneously, there is insufficient information on how to deal with unplanned changes, and the safety culture requires intensified activities in the form of training of operational personnel. Besides, safety regulations require constant updating, and safety management models adapt to a continually changing environment.
Bruk av omvendt undervisning i naturfag på ungdomstrinnet
Authors: Lindstrøm Christine , Engan Ina Camilla Lauvli , Jegstad Kirsti Marie
Published: February 2021

In this study, we investigated how Flipped Classroom with Just-in-Time Teaching and Peer Instructioncould be implemented in middle school science. The study was carried out over four weeks in two year 8classes (N = 60) with one teacher. Data collection comprised student completion of pre-work, responses toin-class Peer Instruction questions, and teacher interviews before, during and after the intervention. Theresults show that Flipped Classroom worked quite similarly in middle school as in higher education. Prereading made the students better prepared for and engaged in class activities, and they particularly likedthe instant feedback of Peer Instruction questions. The teacher experienced increased joy in planning andteaching her classes, and the time spent for planning did not increase significantly.
An Enhanced Adaptive k-Nearest Neighbor Classifier Using Simulated Annealing
Authors:   Department of Computer Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, Onyezewe Anozie , Kana Armand F. , Abdullahi Fatimah B. , Abdulsalami Aminu O.
Published: February 2021

The k-Nearest Neighbor classifier is a non-complex and widely applied data classification algorithm which does well in real-world applications. The overall classification accuracy of the k-Nearest Neighbor algorithm largely depends on the choice of the number of nearest neighbors(k). The use of a constant k value does not always yield the best solutions especially for real-world datasets with an irregular class and density distribution of data points as it totally ignores the class and density distribution of a test point’s k-environment or neighborhood. A resolution to this problem is to dynamically choose k for each test instance to be classified. However, given a large dataset, it becomes very tasking to maximize the k-Nearest Neighbor performance by tuning k. This work proposes the use of Simulated Annealing, a metaheuristic search algorithm, to select optimal k, thus eliminating the prospect of an exhaustive search for optimal k. The results obtained in four different classification tasks demonstrate a significant improvement in the computational efficiency against the k-Nearest Neighbor methods that perform exhaustive search for k, as accurate nearest neighbors are returned faster for k-Nearest Neighbor classification, thus reducing the computation time.
Diogenes of Sinope
Authors: Piering Julie ,   TPM: The Philosophers' Magazine
Published: February 2021

As the illustrious Roman scholars Varro and Cicero reflect on the ethical turn in Greek philosophy, they rightly focus on Socrates, observing that he was the first to draw philosophy down from the heavens, placing her in the cities of men, so that she might inquire about life and morality. In the generation that follows Socrates, however, Diogenes of Sinope will unleash philosophy’s ethical potential with vitality and humour. Whereas Socrates identifies as a gadfly, Diogenes is a dog, and with him, ethics gains its bite.
Women or Philosophers?
Authors: Buxton Rebecca , Whiting Lisa ,   TPM: The Philosophers' Magazine
Published: February 2021

This history of philosophy is a history of men. Or at least, that’s how it has been told over the past several hundred years. But, over the last few decades, we’ve begun to see more and more recognition of women philosophers and the huge impact that they have had on the course of our discipline. There have always been philosophers who happened to be women. Hypatia of Alexandria was known by her contemporaries simply as The Philosopher, and hundreds of young men travelled from throughout the region to attend her public lectures. Philosophers who happen to be women, then, are nothing new. But our failure to recognise them as full contributors to the subject makes them appear to us as something of a surprise. A result of this is that women are often remembered as women first: they are seen more as women than they’re seen as philosophers.
Get the Vote Out!
Authors: Maskivker Julia ,   TPM: The Philosophers' Magazine
Published: February 2021

Around elections it is common to hear loud calls for citizens of democracies to make themselves heard and vote when important elections take place. This is so prevalent in liberal societies that it oftentimes seems as if the call is to just vote, regardless of how one does so. Is just voting what really matters?
Presencia de Paulo Freire: Piezas de vida
Authors: Beltrán Llavador José , Hernàndez Francesc J. , Isusi-Fagoaga Rosa
Published: February 2021

Hace veinticinco años, en 1995, Paulo Freire impartió una Conferencia en la sede de la Universidad Internacional Menéndez Pelayo (UIMP) de la ciudad de València. Fue invitado por la Conselleria de Educación y por la Mesa de los Agentes Sociales para la Formación Permanente de Adultos a impartir la conferencia inaugural en unas jornadas denominadas La importancia estratégica de la Formación de las Personas Adultas. Estas jornadas se impartieron consecutivamente en las ciudades de Valencia, Castellón y Alicante con motivo de la aprobación de la Ley Valenciana de Formación de Personas Adultas. La presencia de Paulo Freire en Valencia constituyó un acontecimiento histórico que merece ser recordado y compartido por nuestra comunidad educativa y también internacionalmente. Por otra parte, en 2021 se cumple el centenario del nacimiento Paulo Freire (1921-1997).
Portraying Trans People in Children’s and Young Adult Literature: Problems and Challenges
Authors: Butler Catherine
Published: February 2021

The last twenty years have seen a proliferation of books for young people dealing with trans experience and issues. This article charts the emergence of transgender fiction for children and young adults, and its development during that period. It will address several questions arising from this phenomenon. How does the representation of trans experience differ when presented for a child readership rather than adults, and for younger children rather than adolescents? How are the representations of gender identity, gender expression and sexuality affected by considerations of audience? What are the tropes (or clichés) of trans fiction, and how have they changed? Whose points of view do the stories represent? Does it matter whether their authors are themselves trans? Is it more possible today than twenty years ago to assume some knowledge in child readers, or must every story “start from scratch”?
There is no single answer to any of these questions, but the article will note some of the trends discernible over a range of texts published in English since the start of the century, and describe some of the challenges in writing texts about trans experience in the future.
Queerizando las Facultades de Educación: una escuela inclusiva es posible
Authors: Soler Guillermo
Published: February 2021

El siguiente trabajo ofrece una revisión en torno a las prácticas pedagógicas especialmente en el área de lengua y literatura. Un recorrido sobre las propuestas llevadas a cabo en diferentes facultades de educación tanto en el ámbito anglosajón como en el contexto español. Bajo la premisa de que la literatura puede transmitir unos determinados valores, estas investigaciones han experimentado con propuestas de lecturas de temática LGTBQ. A continuación, muestra una investigación llevada a cabo en la Facultad de Educación de Alicante, en la asignatura de Didáctica de la Lectura y de la Escritura, cuyo propósito principal consistía en incluir estas lecturas diversas con el fin de concienciar a los y las futuras maestras de la importancia de abordar estos temas en el aula de primaria, valorando y analizando una serie de álbumes ilustrados y favoreciendo grupos de discusión en torno a estas obras y a su posible uso. En las conclusiones se puede observar cómo, a pesar de que todavía se manifiestan algunas voces en contra, la mayoría del alumnado muestra su receptividad a incluir en sus clases estos temas; además se muestra predispuesto a desarrollar un pensamiento crítico en torno a las obras y a la representación de la diversidad afectivo-sexual y de género en los textos.
«¡Lo que me importa es el número de ‘likes’!»
Authors: Cruz María del Carmen
Published: February 2021

¿Es una cuestión de dejadez o de desinformación? Cuando publicamos la foto de alguien en redes sociales, ¿pensamos antes en cómo puede afectar dicha publicación a la reputación de esa persona? ¿Tenemos asimilado el concepto de que la imagen también es información? ¿Contamos con formación suficiente para abordar este tema de manera ética? La profesora e investigadora María del Carmen Cruz aborda la problemática desde un punto de vista ético y legal en este artículo.
Effect of Direct Endovascular Revascularization Based on the Angiosome Model on Risk of Major Amputations and Life Expectancy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Critical Limb Ischemia and Foot Ulceration
Authors: Iacopi Elisabetta , Coppelli Alberto , Goretti Chiara , Bargellini Irene , Cicorelli Antonio , Cioni Roberto , Piaggesi Alberto
Published: February 2021

Background

We evaluated whether direct or indirect endovascular revascularization based on the angiosome model affects outcomes in type 2 diabetes and critical limb ischemia.

Methods

From 2010 to 2015, 603 patients with type 2 diabetes were admitted for critical limb ischemia and submitted to endovascular revascularization. Among these patients, 314 (52%) underwent direct and 123 (20%) indirect revascularization, depending on whether the flow to the artery directly feeding the site of ulceration, according to the angiosome model, was successfully acquired; 166 patients (28%) were judged unable to be revascularized. Outcomes were healing, major amputation, and mortality rates.

Results

An overall healing rate of 62.5% was observed: patients who did not receive percutaneous transluminal angioplasty presented a healing rate of 58.4% (P < .02 versus revascularized patients). A higher healing rate was observed in the direct versus the indirect group (82.4% versus 50.4%; P < .001). The major amputation rate was significantly higher in the indirect versus the direct group (9.2% versus 3.2%; P < .05). The overall mortality rate was 21.6%, and it was higher in the indirect versus the direct group (24% versus 14%; P < .05).

Conclusions

These data show that direct revascularization of arteries supplying the diabetic foot ulcer site by means of the angiosome model is associated with a higher healing rate and lower risk of amputation and death compared with the indirect procedure. These results support use of the angiosome model in type 2 diabetes with critical limb ischemia.
Protective effect of Mediterranean-type glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency against Plasmodium vivax malaria
Authors: Awab Ghulam R , Aaram Fahima , Jamornthanyawat Natsuda , Suwannasin Kanokon , Pagornrat Watcharee , Watson James A , Woodrow Charles J , Dondorp Arjen M , Day Nicholas PJ , Imwong Mallika , White Nicholas J
Published: February 2021

X-linked glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common human enzymopathy. The severe Mediterranean variant (G6PD Med) found across Europe and Asia is thought to confer protection against malaria, but its effect is unclear. We fitted a Bayesian statistical model to observed G6PD Med allele frequencies in 999 Pashtun patients presenting with acute Plasmodium vivax malaria and 1408 population controls. G6PD Med was associated with reductions in symptomatic P. vivax malaria incidence of 76% (95% credible interval [CI], 58–88) in hemizygous males and homozygous females combined and 55% (95% CI, 38–68) in heterozygous females. Unless there is very large population stratification within the Pashtun (confounding these results), the G6PD Med genotype confers a very large and gene-dose proportional protective effect against acute vivax malaria. The proportion of patients with vivax malaria at risk of haemolysis following 8-aminoquinoline radical cure is substantially overestimated by studies measuring G6PD deficiency prevalence in healthy subjects.
Stage 1 registered report: spatiotemporal patterns of the COVID-19 epidemic in Mexico at the municipality level
Authors: Mas Jean-François
Published: February 2021

In this stage 1 registered report, we propose an analysis of the spatio-temporal patterns of the COVID-19 epidemic in Mexico using the georeferenced confirmed cases aggregated at the municipality level. We will compute weekly Moran index to assess spatial autocorrelation over time and identify clusters of the disease using the “flexibly shaped spatial scan” approach. Finally, different distance models will be compared to select the best suited to predict inter-municipality contagion. This study will help us understand the spread of the epidemic over the Mexican territory and give insights to model and predict the epidemic behavior.
Quantifying upper limb motor impairment in people with Parkinson’s disease: a physiological profiling approach
Authors: Ingram Lewis A. , Carroll Vincent K. , Butler Annie A. , Brodie Matthew A. , Gandevia Simon C. , Lord Stephen R.
Published: February 2021

Background

Upper limb motor impairments, such as slowness of movement and difficulties executing sequential tasks, are common in people with Parkinson’s disease (PD).

Objective

To evaluate the validity of the upper limb Physiological Profile Assessment (PPA) as a standard clinical assessment battery in people with PD, by determining whether the tests, which encompass muscle strength, dexterity, arm stability, position sense, skin sensation and bimanual coordination can (a) distinguish people with PD from healthy controls, (b) detect differences in upper limb test domains between “off” and “on” anti-Parkinson medication states and (c) correlate with a validated measure of upper limb function.

Methods

Thirty-four participants with PD and 68 healthy controls completed the upper limb PPA tests within a single session.

Results

People with PD exhibited impaired performance across most test domains. Based on validity, reliability and feasibility, six tests (handgrip strength, finger-press reaction time, 9-hole peg test, bimanual pole test, arm stability, and shirt buttoning) were identified as key tests for the assessment of upper limb function in people with PD.

Conclusions

The upper limb PPA provides a valid, quick and simple means of quantifying specific upper limb impairments in people with PD. These findings indicate clinical assessments should prioritise tests of muscle strength, unilateral movement and dexterity, bimanual coordination, arm stability and functional tasks in people with PD as these domains are the most commonly and significantly impaired.
Syncmers are more sensitive than minimizers for selecting conserved k‑mers in biological sequences
Authors: Edgar Robert
Published: February 2021

Minimizers are widely used to select subsets of fixed-length substrings (k-mers) from biological sequences in applications ranging from read mapping to taxonomy prediction and indexing of large datasets. The minimizer of a string of w consecutive k-mers is the k-mer with smallest value according to an ordering of all k-mers. Syncmers are defined here as a family of alternative methods which select k-mers by inspecting the position of the smallest-valued substring of length s < k within the k-mer. For example, a closed syncmer is selected if its smallest s-mer is at the start or end of the k-mer. At least one closed syncmer must be found in every window of length (k − s) k-mers. Unlike a minimizer, a syncmer is identified by its sequence alone, and is therefore synchronized in the following sense: if a given k-mer is selected from one sequence, it will also be selected from any other sequence. Also, minimizers can be deleted by mutations in flanking sequence, which cannot happen with syncmers. Experiments on minimizers with parameters used in the minimap2 read mapper and Kraken taxonomy prediction algorithm respectively show that syncmers can simultaneously achieve both lower density and higher conservation compared to minimizers.
Awareness towards COVID-19 among Medical Students: A Cross-sectional Questionnaire Based Study
Authors: Mishra Ambrish , Sharma Divashree , Derashri Gaurav , Mishra Anvita , Tripathi Geeta Mishra
Published: February 2021

Introduction: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has surfaced as a public health emergency and the world has witnessed the evolution of unprecedented measures for slowing down the disease progression and reducing the morbidity/mortality associated with the disease. In such scenario healthcare workers assume the most vital and the most vulnerable responsibilities. Aim: To investigate the awareness of undergraduate students of pre-final and final year, interns and postgraduate students in Shyam Shah Medical College, Rewa, MP towards COVID-19 and the sources on which the respondents depend for acquiring information through a web based questionnaire. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, conducted from 25th April to 1st May 2020 based on a close-ended, time bound, online questionnaire containing 16 questions based on aetiology, mode of transmission, risk factors, signs, symptoms, treatment and prevention of COVID-19. It was administered to a total of 320 students of which final respondents were 183 (112 undergraduate students and 71 post graduate students and interns) as a Google form through a cross platform messaging application namely WhatsApp. Data about the information sources and the perceived reliability of the respondents on them was also obtained. The filled information was evaluated and the collected data was presented as frequencies and percentages. Awareness was graded as good when the respondents were able to answer more than 75% (>12) questions correctly, average when they answered >50% and ≤75% (9-12) answers correctly and poor when they could answer ≤50% (≤8) questions correctly. Continuous variables were presented as mean±SD. Student’s Independent t-test was performed to compare the mean awareness level of both groups. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of a total of 320 students to whom the questionnaire was sent, 183 participated in the survey (response rate=57.1%). The study revealed a good awareness level of the respondents towards COVID-19 (mean score >12) in both the groups (undergraduate/postgraduate). The percentage of correct answers for entire study population for awareness related questions was 82.24%. The difference in awareness level between undergraduate students in comparison to interns and postgraduate students was found to be statistically significant (p<0.001). The respondents obtained maximum information from the official government websites (mean=3.6) and had maximum confidence on the same for the credibility of data (mean=3.9). Conclusion: The awareness level of the students was found to be good. To cope up with this new emerging infectious disease, the health care workers must remain updated with all recent developments. Comprehensive educational programs focused on field epidemiology, infection control practice and public health are the need of the hour.
Открываем вместе научные архивы, "Природа"
Authors: Урмина И.А.
Published: February 2021

В статье рассказывается о впечатляющей работе Агнии Александровны Майской в качестве представителя Общества Красного Креста СССР в советском посольстве в первые два года войны. Представлены уникальные исторические документы и фотографии из личного архива, хранящегося в Архиве Российской академии наук, посла СССР в Великобритании академика АН СССР И.М.Майского.
Степан Семёнович Куторга — палеонтолог и геолог, "Природа"
Authors: Стародубцева И.А. , Лужная Е.А. , Аркадьев В.В.
Published: February 2021

Приведены основные биографические данные о С.С.Куторге, одном из первых российских палеонтологов. Получив классическое университетское образование, Куторга стал блестящим многогранным исследователем. Круг его научных интересов охватывал самые разные области палеонтологии, геологии, зоологии и др. Он первым начал читать курс лекций по палеонтологии. В 1842 г. был избран директором Санкт-Петербургского минералогического общества и основал периодическое издание Минералогического общества — «Verhandlungen der Russisch-Kaiserlichen Mineralogischen Gesellschaft zu St.-Petersburg». Ученый проделал огромную кропотливую работу по составлению геологической карты Санкт-Петербургской губернии в масштабе 10 верст в дюйме, за которую получил высшую награду Императорского Русского географического общества — Большую Константиновскую медаль (1852). Заслуживает упоминания также деятельность Куторги как цензора Санкт-Петербургского цензурного комитета. Через его руки прошло множество специальной и художественной литературы. Изученные исследователем коллекции хранятся в Палеонтолого-стратиграфическом музее кафедры динамической и исторической геологии Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета.
МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ДЛИННОВОЛНОВОЙ ДИНАМИКИ НА МАТЕРИКОВОМ СКЛОНЕ ОКЕАНА И РЕГИОНАХ СВАЛА ГЛУБИН, "Фундаментальная и прикладная гидрофизика"
Authors: Вольцингер Н.Е. , Андросов А.А.
Published: February 2021

На идеализированном 2D-разрезе материкового склона моделируется гравитационный сток более плотных водных масс, поступающих с континентального шельфа. На решениях двух задач в гидростатическом приближении и в полной негидростатической постановке сравниваются динамические характеристики процесса: поля скорости, давления, движение и структура уплотненной головной линзы. Такое же сравнение проводится на решении модельной задачи гравитационного приспособления к равновесию — имманентной черте динамики на материковом склоне. По результатам 3D-моделирования динамики и гидрологии пролива Ломбок (Индонезийский архипелаг) сравниваются поля гидростатической и негидростатической вертикальной скорости на свале глубин пролива. Приводятся результаты расчета хода вертикальной скорости и ее спектров в приливном цикле волны М. Сравнение показывает непригодность моделирования склоновой динамики в гидростатическом приближении.
ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ДИССИПАЦИИ БАРОКЛИННОЙ ПРИЛИВНОЙ ЭНЕРГИИ И СВЯЗАННОГО С НЕЙ КОЭФФИЦИЕНТА ДИАПИКНИЧЕСКОЙ ДИФФУЗИИ КАК ПЕРВЫЙ ШАГ ОЦЕНИВАНИЯ РОЛИ ПРИЛИВНЫХ ЭФФЕКТОВ В ФОРМИРОВАНИИ КЛИМАТИЧЕСКИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК МОРЯ ЛАПТЕВЫХ, "Фундаментальная и прикладная гидрофиз
Authors: Каган Б.А. , Тимофеев А.А.
Published: February 2021

Для определения диссипации бароклинной приливной энергии и связанного с ней коэффициента диапикнической диффузии привлекается высокоразрешающая версия трехмерной конечно-элементной гидростатической модели QUODDY-4, снабженная косвенным способом описания приливных эффектов. Последние параметризуются в терминах скорректированного (с учетом диапикнической диффузии) коэффициента вертикальной турбулентной диффузии. Коэффициент диапикнической диффузии находится из решения вспомогательной задачи о динамике и энергетике внутренних приливных волн. Полученное решение показывает, что коэффициенты вертикальной турбулентной и диапикнической диффузии, характеризующие интенсивность соответствующей диффузии, имеют близкие порядки величин, что поля климатических характеристик моря подвержены поэтому весьма заметным изменениям за счет индуцируемой внутренними приливными волнами диапикнической диффузии и что, следовательно, вывод, сделанный ранее, о важной роли приливных эффектов в формировании климатических характеристик Баренцева и Карского морей, предварительно остается в силе и для моря Лаптевых.