bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cultivo de bactérias nitrificantes a partir do biofilme de filtro biológico aerado submerso tratando esgoto
Authors: Martins Guilherme de Oliveira , Souza Aline dos Reis , Silva Filho Marcelo Vieira da , Siniscalchi Luciene Alves Batista
Published: December 2019

Técnicas de remoção de nutrientes têm sido empregadas no tratamento de efluentes com a inclusão de uma etapa biológica. Sendo os microrganismos nitrificantes os responsáveis pelas transformações das formas nitrogenadas, o objetivo deste estudo foi detectar e quantificar bactérias nitrificantes provenientes do tratamento de efluentes de um canil. Foi realizada a caracterização do efluente e uma obtida uma correlação entre as variáveis medidas. Avaliou-se a densidade de bactérias nitrificantes e a partir do biofilme coletado no filtro biológico aerado submerso, fez-se o cultivo, isolamento e observação dos microrganismos em microscópio óptico e microscópio eletrônico de varredura. As análises físico-químicas demonstraram um decaimento de nitrogênio amoniacal de 35% entre a entrada e saída do biofiltro. A densidade de bactérias demonstrou variabilidade entre bactérias oxidadoras de amônia (BOA) e de nitrito (BON) no biofiltro, e uma maior densidade de BON em relação as BOA no biofilme. O pH apresentou uma correlação positiva de 72% com as formas nitrogenadas (NHx), e uma correlação negativa de 81% com o nitrito, e estas correlações se mostraram estatisticamente significativas. A partir da observação em microscópio foram identificadas as bactérias nitrificantes a partir da morfologia. O pH pode ser considerado como o fator limitante para a nitrificação, pois tem relação no crescimento das bactérias. A ocorrência dos microrganismos pode ser verificada tanto no efluente, quanto aderidas ao biofilme e os gêneros Nitrosomonas e Nitrobacter foram identificados.
Distribuição espacial de focos do Aedes Aegypti em Campina Grande, Paraíba
Authors: Querino Luana Andrade Lima , Souza Patrício Marques , Olinda Ricardo Alves de , Xavier Juliana Meira de Vasconcelos
Published: December 2019

A proliferação do mosquito Aedes aegypti tem aumentado nos últimos anos nos aglomerados urbanos, ocasionando sucessivos episódios de epidemias por todo o país. Alguns fatores vêm contribuir para a proliferação do mosquito Aedes aegypti, tais como a escassez hídrica e a deficiência da cobertura da rede de abastecimento. Diante do exposto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a distribuição espacial de focos do Aedes aegypti nos bairros de Campina Grande/PB, em decorrência das falhas do fornecimento de água. A metodologia de pesquisa utilizada neste trabalho está fundamentada em um estudo epidemiológico com delineamento ecológico e abordagem quantitativa. Por meio da análise espacial se observou autocorrelação espacial negativa e positiva em alguns bairros de Campina Grande. A auto correlação espacial positiva alerta para o aumento dos índices de larvas do Aedes aegypti em determinado bairros. Fato que resulta da permanência de depósitos ao nível do solo, utilizados para armazenamento de água. Neste sentido, observa-se que a visualização dessas localidades evidenciam a vulnerabilidade ambiental dessas áreas, e a probabilidade da população destes bairros estarem suscetíveis a doenças transmitidas pelo Aedes aegypti. Assim, ressalta-se a necessidade de investir na gestão eficiente do uso das águas do açude Epitácio Pessoa, consequentemente garantindo a regularização do abastecimento sem que haja necessidade de estocagem de água.
Estudo de baixa visibilidade no aeroporto de Porto Alegre: processos sinóticos e termodinâmicos
Authors: Afonso João Maria de Sousa , Levit Vladimir , Fedorova Natalia
Published: December 2019

O nevoeiro é um fenômeno associado a redução da visibilidade, causando prejuízos em diversos sectores socioeconômicos no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, influenciando principalmente no encerramento das atividades aeroportuárias. Os objetivos principais são: 1) classificar os tipos de nevoeiros em Porto Alegre em um período de 2 anos (2008-2009) a partir da análise dos processos sinóticos e termodinâmicos e 2) avaliar o comportamento de produtos de reanálise do NCEP, reanalise (CFSR-1) e previsão (CFSR-2) do CFSR nas situações de formação de nevoeiro de radiação. Variáveis meteorológicas da estação de superfície do aeroporto foram utilizadas para: 1) o estudo de frequência de nevoeiros e 2) a análise das condições de formação dos nevoeiros. Os sistemas sinóticos atuantes durante os eventos de nevoeiros foram analisados utilizando diversos produtos de reanálise do NCEP e do CFSR e imagens de satélite GOES-12. As condições termodinâmicas foram analisadas usando dados de radiossondagem e perfis plotados com o produto CFSR-1 e CFSR-2. Foram encontrados 82 casos de nevoeiros com duração entre 10 minutos e 11 horas, ocorrendo principalmente no outono e no inverno. Um único caso ocorreu com chuva. A análise sinotica foi elaborada para os 23 casos que ocorreram no horário de observação de radiossondagem. O estudo dos processos sinóticos mostrou que 13 eventos foram nevoeiros de radiação e 10 frontais. Os perfis do CFSR-1 mostraram camada úmida entre 1000-950hPa, com umidade de 86-89%. Os perfis do CFSR-2 mostraram camada úmida entre a altura 2m até o nível de 950hPa com umidade de 80-96.9%. No geral, os perfis de toda a troposfera acima desses níveis foram típicos para os casos de nevoeiros radiação, com baixa umidade e inversões de subsidência. Concluímos que 1) a situação sinóptica foi apresentada semelhante pelo NCEP e o CFSR, 2) os perfis do CFSR mostram a estrutura da troposfera típica para os eventos de nevoeiro de radiação, excluindo a camada superficial.
Groundwater quality and underground flow in southern Amazon, Brazil
Authors: Laureano Josilena de Jesus , Ramos Caryne Ferreira , Lopes Daíse da Silva , Sousa Lindolaine Machado de , Recktenvald Maria Cristina Nery do Nascimento , Costa Júnior Walkimar Aleixo da , Rosa Ana Lúcia Denardin da , Gomes Beatriz Machado , Mendonça Andreza Pereira , Leite Nei Kavaguichi , Bastos Wanderley Rodrigues , Nascimento Elisabete Lourdes do
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical, chemical and microbiological groundwater parameters as well as the mapping of groundwater flow in an urban area of Presidente Médici county in Rondônia State, Southern Amazon. The water samples were collected in 11 wells in April and June of 2017, which corresponds to the dry season in the studied region. Groundwater was acidic, with a large range of nutrients concentration, low turbidity and presence of fecal coliforms in most sampled wells. The parameters that were in disagreement with Consolidation Ordinance No 05/2017/MS and CONAMA no 396/08 Resolution, were pH, turbidity, total coliforms, Escherichia coli, and nitrate. Regarding the microbiological parameter, most of the sampling sites were in disagreement with the established by the legislation that it recommends to be absent in 100mL, when it is destined for human consumption. Densities found were higher than 112,000UFC/100mL for total coliforms and higher than 56,000UFC/100mL for Escherichia coli. The pH ranged from 4.1 to 6.4, and the turbidity showed a maximum value of 6.7 uT. The nitrate concentrations were above the established level (10 mg.L-1) in April in 72.7%, and in June 50% of the wells, with a maximum of 48.5 mg.L-1. The study of the direction of the underground flow demonstrated the predominance of the flow towards the nearest river, as well as potential contributors of microbiological influences. The results indicate contamination of the groundwater by domestic sewage, being proved by the presence of coliforms and nitrate, being the water unfit for human consumption without adequate treatment.
Apoyo social y autopercepción en los roles del acoso escolar
Authors: Bartolomé Gutiérrez Raquel , Díaz Herráiz Eduardo
Published: December 2019

El presente estudio tiene por objetivo analizar la relación entre el apoyo social y otras dimensiones relacionales, como la afiliación escolar y la autopercepción social, con la implicación en los distintos roles del acoso escolar y si estas variables podrían discriminar entre los distintos grupos de participantes, lo que pudiera ser relevante para la prevención e intervención sobre el acoso. En el debate sobre si el apoyo social y la reputación son factores de riesgo o protección, nuestros resultados en conjunto indican que la participación en el acoso altera los niveles de apoyo social percibido en las dimensiones escolar, familiar y de los iguales. Se discuten los resultados y la necesidad de mayor investigación para profundizar en el conocimiento sobre el funcionamiento y la dirección de las relaciones del apoyo social y el acoso escolar
Differences in classroom motivational climate: causes, effects and implications for teacher education. A multilevel study
Authors: Alonso-Tapia Jesús , Ruiz Miguel Ángel , Huertas Juan Antonio
Published: December 2019

Research on classroom motivational climate (CMC) has shown significant differences between classrooms in CMC. However, it is not known whether teachers’ motivational knowledge, and goals and expectancies related to their students contribute to such differences, and consequently, on the effects of CMC on students. For answering this question, a multilevel model of the relationships among a) teachers’ knowledge and motivational characteristics, b) students’ goals and expectancies (SGE), c) perceived CMC, and d) students’ attribution of perceived motivational improvement to teachers (APMIT) was tested using structural equation methods. A total of 2.223 Secondary and High-School students and their 95 teachers participated in the study. Results showed that teachers’ motivational quality (TMQ) has a significant indirect effect on differences between classrooms in CMC, and on the students’ attribution of perceived improvement in motivational variables to teachers, but also that teachers’ characteristics differ in their contribution to TMQ, and so, to CMC.
Estado actual sobre la opinión e implantación en la sociedad de los psicólogos en España
Authors: Fernández Rodríguez Juan Carlos , Pérez Arechaederra Diana , Navea Martín Ana , De Bonis Cañada Arturo , Nevado Rey Manuel , Fouce Fernández Guillermo
Published: December 2019

Existen pocos estudios que presenten la imagen de la profesión de psicología en el contexto español. Este estudio de tipo descriptivo y correlacional, tiene como objetivo describir el estado actual de la opinión sobre la psicología que existe en la sociedad española. Se obtiene una muestra de 920 personas de forma incidental utilizando como instrumento un cuestionario específico. Se realiza un análisis descriptivo de las respuestas que generan un patrón global y se hace un agrupamiento por clúster, que divide a la muestra en cuatro perfiles específicos de respuestas. Los principales resultados indican que las opiniones son en general positivas, aunque todavía existen algunos mitos y visiones más tradicionales que se observan en algunos clúster, por lo que se ha de seguir trabajando en aumentar y mantener el conocimiento de la sociedad en relación con la profesión.

There are few studies that present the image of the profession of psychology in the Spanish context. This descriptive and correlational study aims to describe the current state of opinion about psychology that exists in Spanish society. A sample of 920 people is obtained incidentally using a specific questionnaire as a tool. A descriptive analysis of the responses that generate a global pattern is carried out and done by cluster, which divides the sample into four specific response profiles. The main results indicate that opinions are generally positive, although there are still some myths and more traditional visions that are observed in some clusters, so work should be continued to increase and maintain the knowledge of society in relation to the profession.
Condiciones de vida y estrategias de afrontamiento de las mujeres con cáncer de mama en Córdoba, Colombia
Authors: Ruiz Doria Sixta Carolina , Valencia Jimenez Nydia Nina , Ortega Montes Jorge Eliecer
Published: December 2019

El cáncer de mama es una realidad que ha significado la muerte para miles de mujeres, constituyendo un evento estresor que afecta la salud emocional y psicológica de la paciente. Este estudio pretende determinar los tipos de estrategias de afrontamiento desarrolladas por las mujeres diagnosticadas con cáncer de mama de la ciudad de Montería, Colombia en el periodo 2013-2017. Se determinó una muestra de 131 pacientes y se estimó una probabilidad de éxito y fracaso de 50%, un error no mayor al 5% y una confianza de Zα = al 95%. La encuesta sociodemográfica arrojó que las participantes son de escasos recursos económicos, bajo nivel educativo, sin empleo, con pareja sentimental y profesan la religión católica;  los datos arrojados por el Inventario Brief-COPE-28 refieren la preferencia por el tipo y estrategia de afrontamiento activo en 67.3% y 83.78% respectivamente, en la frecuencia de uso de las estrategias de afrontamiento se obtuvo el planeamiento (55%), afrontamiento activo (56%) y la religión (64%); y el nivel de afrontamiento regular prevaleció en todas las categorías. Pese a las condiciones de vida precarias, las participantes emplean estrategias activas para sobrevivir, lo que implica que se debe implementar procesos de acompañamiento integral que potencien la capacidad de afrontamiento de los sujetos.

Breast cancer is a reality that has meant death for thousands of women, constituting a stressful event that affects the emotional and psychological health of the patient. This study aims to determine the types of coping strategies developed by women diagnosed with breast cancer in the city of Monteria, Colombia in the period 2013-2017. A sample of 131 patients was determined and a probability of success and failure of 50% was estimated, an error no greater than 5% and a confidence of Zα = 95%. The sociodemographic survey showed that the participants are of limited economic resources, low educational level, unemployed, with sentimental partner and profess the catholic religion; the data provided by the Inventory Brief-COPE-28 refer to the preference for the type and strategy of active coping in 67.3% and 83.78% respectively, in the frequency of use of the strategy was obtained the planning (55%), active (56 %) and religion (64%); and the level of regular coping prevailed in all categories. Despite the precarious living conditions, the participants use active strategies to survive, which implies that integral accompaniment processes must be implemented that enhance the coping capacity of the subjects.
El papel del Colegio de Psicólogos en el posicionamiento internacional de la Psicología Española (1979-2018)
Authors: Tortosa Pérez Macarena , González Sala Francisco , Santolaya Prego de Oliver Jesús , Aguilar Bustamante Constanza
Published: December 2019

La presencia de revistas españolas de psicología en diferentes bases de datos internacionales (JCR y SJR) es un indicador que determina el crecimiento y la madurez de esta disciplina y aporta una visión de la actividad científica en psicología y su situación en el contexto internacional. El objetivo del presente trabajo es determinar el papel del Colegio de Psicólogos como editor de revistas de psicología de impacto. Se seleccionaron 17 revistas indexadas simultáneamente en las bases JCR y SJR de 2018. Los resultados muestran como el 53% de éstas son editadas o coeditadas por un Colegio de Psicólogos, con especial relevancia del Colegio de Psicólogos de Madrid, teniendo una mayor presencia en otras bases de datos y un mayor número de revistas en los primeros cuartiles del JCR (SSCI), si bien no existen diferencias en el número de registros en los tres primeros cuartiles desde 1997 hasta la actualidad. Se puede concluir que las políticas de estado y las campañas de posicionamiento de universidades, asociaciones y colegios juegan un papel clave en la internacionalización y posicionamiento, y que en el caso español el Colegio de Psicólogos es el principal editor y promotor de una auténtica política orientada a estos fines.

The presence and spread of Spanish psychology journals in different international databases (JCR and SJR) is an indicator that determines the maturity and growth of this field, apart from providing an interesting view of the scientific activity for what concerns psychology and its situation within the international context. The objective of the present work is to determine the role of the College of Psychologists as editor of psychology high-impact journals. 17 indexed journals were simultaneously selected in the JCR and SJR databases. The results show how 53% of them are edited or coedited by a College of Psychologists, with the particular relevance of the College of Psychologists from Madrid, having this a higher presence in other databases and a higher number of 1st quartile journals in JCR (SSCI); however, there are no differences in the number of first quartile registers in the time span that goes from 1997 until now. We could conclude that the state policies and the ranking campaigns of universities, associations and colleges play a key role in internationalization and ranking, since, in the case of Spain, the College of Psychologists is the main editor and promotor of a true policy focused on these objectives.
LA SANTÉ DES ÉTUDIANTS À L’UNIVERSITÉ COMME DÉTERMINANT DE LA RÉUSSITE ACADÉMIQUE
Authors: Romo1 Lucia , Nann Stéphanie , Scanferla Elisabetta , Esteban José , Riazuelo Hélène , Kern Laurence
Published: December 2019

Les études universitaires représentent un moment particulier dans la vie des jeunes où peuvent se manifester différents problèmes psychopathologiques qui influencent leur satisfaction et la réussite des études. Nous présentons dans cet article une synthèse de travaux sur diverses problématiques (dépression, gestion du stress, comportement alimentaire, activité physique…). Nous évoquerons également la mise en place d’un dispositif encore peu développé dans les universités en France, l’Espace de Santé et Bien-être du campus. Ce lieu dédié à une prise en charge multidisciplinaire permet et facilite l’accès aux soins. Les usagers peuvent participer à des actions de prévention et bénéficier d’interventions précoces favorisant leur bien-être.
APPORT COMPLÉMENTAIRE DE LA PSYCHOTHÉRAPIE GROUPALE À LA PSYCHOTHÉRAPIE INDIVIDUELLE
Authors: Gagnon-Corbeil1 Janine , Dubuc Louise , Depot Christian
Published: December 2019

La psychothérapie de groupe possède des avantages complémentaires à la thérapie individuelle. L’expertise sur l’intervention groupale s’est développée en réponse aux problèmes sociaux d’une époque. Après un retour sur les diverses théories qui ont abordé les phénomènes psychiques propres au groupe, l’article illustre les avantages thérapeutiques reliés à une approche où thérapie individuelle et thérapie de groupe sont utilisées conjointement. L’article avance que les groupes thérapeutiques offrent un laboratoire propice au développement d’habilités relationnelles et favorisent une insertion harmonieuse des personnes dans leur environnement. Les analyses se situent dans une perspective existentielle/humaniste, éclairées par les avancées récentes des neurosciences affectives.
Alfonso de Madrigal and Juan de Segovia: Some Conciliar Common (and Contested) Places
Authors: Mann Jesse D.
Published: December 2019

This article offers a preliminary comparison of the thoughts of Alfonso de Madrigal and Juan de Segovia, two important fifteenth-century Spanish academics and authors whom scholars have seen as ideological allies. It identifies several areas of interest common to both writers, and then focuses on their conciliarist views. It argues that while Madrigal and Segovia both asserted several conciliar “common places,” often in similar terms, their ecclesiological positions differed in significant ways. Madrigal’s “theoretical” conciliarism is contrasted with Segovia’s “engaged” conciliarism in order to illuminate the notable differences in their respective careers and influence. The article concludes with a call for closer comparative study of these two wide-ranging thinkers.
Between Ecclesiology and Diplomacy: Francisco de Vargas and the Council of Trent
Authors: Tubau Xavier
Published: December 2019

This article examines the letters and reports of Francisco de Vargas (ca. 1500–66), a jurist who served in different positions under Charles V and Philip II during the three phases of the Council of Trent. Vargas defended the superiority of the council over the pope in matters of faith and practices and drew attention to the need to continue the reform of the Roman Curia started at the Council of Constance. The article examines the way this conciliarist adapted ecclesiology to developing circumstances over the three phases of the Council of Trent, and points out the need to revise the monolithic, papalist view that historiography continues to present of early modern Spanish ecclesiological thought.
The Fifteenth-Century Councils: Francisco de Vitoria, Melchor Cano, and Bartolomé Carranza
Authors: Izbicki Thomas
Published: December 2019

The Dominican theologian Francisco de Vitoria, founder of the School of Salamanca, was cautiously positive about general councils as useful to the church. However, he was not supportive of the strong conciliarism of the University of Paris. Vitoria’s successor at Salamanca, Melchor Cano, was much more a papalist, an opinion partially shared by Bartolomé Carranza, who attended the opening sessions of the Council of Trent (1545–63) and became archbishop of Toledo. Both Cano and Carranza rejected any claim to conciliar power over a reigning pope, although Carranza wrote more favourably about councils than did Cano. Their criticisms of the fifteenth-century councils of Constance (1414–18) and Basel (1431–49) foreshadowed the categorization of councils by Robert Bellarmine based on loyalty to the papacy. All of these theologians shared the belief that the ideal council was that of Ferrara–Florence (1438–45), which was summoned and directed by a pope.
Direct comparison of clathrin-mediated endocytosis in budding and fission yeast reveals conserved and evolvable features
Authors: Sun Yidi , Schöneberg Johannes , Chen Xuyan , Jiang Tommy , Kaplan Charlotte , Xu Ke , Pollard Thomas D , Drubin David G
Published: December 2019

Conserved proteins drive clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), which from yeast to humans involves a burst of actin assembly. To gain mechanistic insights into this process, we performed a side-by-side quantitative comparison of CME in two distantly related yeast species. Though endocytic protein abundance in S. pombe and S. cerevisiae is more similar than previously thought, membrane invagination speed and depth are two-fold greater in fission yeast. In both yeasts, accumulation of ~70 WASp molecules activates the Arp2/3 complex to drive membrane invagination. In contrast to budding yeast, WASp-mediated actin nucleation plays an essential role in fission yeast endocytosis. Genetics and live-cell imaging revealed core CME spatiodynamic similarities between the two yeasts, although the assembly of two zones of actin filaments is specific for fission yeast and not essential for CME. These studies identified conserved CME mechanisms and species-specific adaptations with broad implications that are expected to extend from yeast to humans.
Magnetic resonance measurements of cellular and sub-cellular membrane structures in live and fixed neural tissue
Authors: Williamson Nathan H , Ravin Rea , Benjamini Dan , Merkle Hellmut , Falgairolle Melanie , O'Donovan Michael James , Blivis Dvir , Ide Dave , Cai Teddy X , Ghorashi Nima S , Bai Ruiliang , Basser Peter J
Published: December 2019

We develop magnetic resonance (MR) methods for real-time measurement of tissue microstructure and membrane permeability of live and fixed excised neonatal mouse spinal cords. Diffusion and exchange MR measurements are performed using the strong static gradient produced by a single-sided permanent magnet. Using tissue delipidation methods, we show that water diffusion is restricted solely by lipid membranes. Most of the diffusion signal can be assigned to water in tissue which is far from membranes. The remaining 25% can be assigned to water restricted on length scales of roughly a micron or less, near or within membrane structures at the cellular, organelle, and vesicle levels. Diffusion exchange spectroscopy measures water exchanging between membrane structures and free environments at 100 s-1.
Spørsmål om tid og sted: Mulighetsrom og kvalifiseringsbaner blant ungdom utenfor videregående opplæring i Finnmark
Authors: Lødding Berit , Paulgaard Gry
Published: December 2019

Based on individual interviews with young people in Finnmark who have quit or taken a break from upper secondary education, this article addresses the relationship between attachment to place and perception of time. Finnmark is the largest and least populated county in Norway, located in the far North, with only 10 upper secondary schools. The article’s theoretical basis is a criticism of two different forms of universalisms: i) the metrocentrism in youth research and ii) normative deadlines for completion of education. As globalisation creates inequalities and changes in access to work, the article argues that it is important to examine how such changes affect young people’s perspectives and opportunities in different places. Access to localized capital, i.e. networks, embodied knowledge and reputation, can be a differentiating factor for young people’s job opportunities and lack thereof. When norms for rapid completion of education that apply to university-oriented career paths are generalized, the existence of alternative learning arenas and qualification trajectories are overlooked. Sensitivity to the young people’s material and embodied experiences, enables a richer analysis of how young people need to handle conflicting logics between attachment to place and completion of formal education elsewhere.
Stedsløse slaur - Ungdom, skole og lokal forankring
Authors: Gulløy Elisabeth , Moshuus Geir H
Published: December 2019

The study investigates a common assumption from previous decades of educational sociology: Educational resistance seems to go hand in hand with strong local identity and belonging. In the early 1990s, the Norwegian sociologist Gunnar Jørgensen (1993) analysed how young people developed certain social roles in interactions with school and the local community. Based on school survey data from 2018, we present a quantitative analysis where we compared school rootedness and local community rootedness among students according to their educational resources. The study population consisted of students in upper secondary schools in Telemark, South-Eastern Norway (N=3510). Research questions: 1) Do students with less educational resources express less school rootedness and more local community rootedness compared to students with more educational resources? 2) Do students with less educational resources participate more in e-leisure, compared to students with more educational resources? The analysis showed that students with less educational resources expressed less school rootedness compared to students with more educational resources. Contrary to common assumptions as well as findings from Jørgensen’s study, students with less educational resources expressed less local community rootedness compared to other students. Furthermore, such students had higher frequencies with heavy e-leisure participation compared to other students, and more of them had friends with whom they only stayed in touch through the Internet. We discuss results in relation to “the schooled society” thesis (Baker, 2014), youth culture, and place theory. Finally, we question whether the classic geographical term placelessness (Relph, 1976) is appropriate to describe young students in lack of educational resources.
Bacterial and Fungal Pathogen Synergetics after Co-infection in the Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Dandve Minal S. , Ganpatrao Wagh Sopan , Bhagat Prachi R. , Pawar Kiran , Timake Sarika A. , Daspute Abhijeet A. , Baliram Pohare Manoj
Published: December 2019

Wheat is one of the most important staple grains in the world and the leading source of calories, production is limited by biotic stress. There is a number of pathogen attacks on wheat crops, depending on environmental conditions. In some cases, more than one crop pathogen attack leads to higher damage or decrease susceptibility. There are very few studies in the field of multiple pathogen interactions; in this study, we analyzed the co-infectionof wheat with fungal and bacterial pathogens. Field isolated Xanthomonas translucens and Xanthomonas compestris bacteria have been used against GM-322 and PDKV varieties co-infected with Fusarium fungus spp.  In our experiment, we used Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium equitus. Compared to the combined effect of the fungus and bacteria, we measured the length and width of the infected leaf part. We have observed that there is more susceptibility to X. compestris and F. graminearium in the GM-322 wheat variety. The second susceptible cvs was PDKV when we co-infected F. oxysporum and then X. translucens fungal and bacterial infected symptom analysis showed yellow stripes on the leaf surface of the wheat crop. We observed head blight in wheat when it was infected with F. graminearum and X. compestris. As a result, we concluded that varietal susceptibility also depends on co-infection pathogen attacks and their synergetic interaction.
Extraction, Characterization and Application of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid from Cashew Nut Shells
Authors: Kyei Sampson Kofi , Akaranta Onyewuchi , Darko Godfred , Chukwu Uche J.
Published: December 2019

In this study, cashew nut shell liquid has been extracted from cashew nut shells using an accelerated solvent extraction technique and was employed as a precursor for the synthesis of cashew nut shell liquid resin. The extract was a dark brown viscous liquid with an average yield of 30.61±0.200%. Results of the physical analysis showed a moisture content of 4.45±0.020% and a density of 0.95±0.300 gcm-3. The percentage brix and refractive index were 76.20±0.001 and 1.47 ±0.010 respectively. Chemical characterization showed a pH of 5.65±0.003; acid value of 8.25± 0.200 mg KOH/g; ash content of 1.80±0.6%; free fatty acid of 4.12±0.400 mg KOH/g; ester value of 247.01±0.100 mg KOH/g and a saponification value of 255.26±0.800 mg KOH/g. The FTIR spectra revealed that cashew nut shell liquid is polymeric. These findings confirm that higher phenolic compounds which can be used as potential precursors in industrial applications could be obtained from agro wastes.

Practical Applications: Cashew nut shell liquid, an extract from cashew nut shell, an agro waste has a wide range of functional products. A practical application is synthesis of a high viscous, flexible cashew nut shell liquid resin with physical properties that are consistent with literature and could also be further used in other industrial applications. Further processing of cashew nut shell for the development of value added products like resin can be a better option.
Trabalho, educação e omnilateralidade: uma perspectiva contra-hegemônica na formação acadêmica
Authors: Smith Neves Maria do Socorro , Costa Andrade Antonia
Published: December 2019

O presente artigo analisa as influências do mundo do trabalho reestruturado na formação acadêmica, que engendrou a reconfiguração da universidade para atender demandas mercantis. Os cursos têm por finalidade o desenvolvimento de competências que visam a formação de um trabalhador que se adapte à flexibilização do mundo do trabalho contemporâneo. Destes argumentos, aponta-se para a indissociável relação entre trabalho e educação para além da inserção profissional. Para tanto, foi desenvolvido um estudo bibliográfico com abordagem qualitativa. Os achados da pesquisa sinalizam para a relevância da omnilateralidade na construção de uma proposta de formação acadêmica contra-hegemônica nas universidades públicas.
A reforma trabalhista e seus impactos nos direitos dos trabalhadores
Authors: De Matos Rachel Araujo , Da Silva Adriana Alves , Guedes Gleiciana Noronha , Da Costa Fiusa Liara Aparecida
Published: December 2019

O artigo discute a atual Reforma da Consolidação das Leis Trabalhistas, aprovada em 13 de julho de 2017, pela Lei n° 13.467, onde se constata verdadeiro retrocesso social pela retirada de direitos há muito tempo conquistados, e a despolitização da classe trabalhadora ao destituir a contribuição sindical, fazendo com que o trabalhador não mais se sinta representado pelas suas organizações, provocando a alienação e fechamento de caminhos de luta. Defende a tese de que a classe trabalhadora nunca garantiu direitos sem luta e resistência e por isso é preciso não paralisar diante das perdas que já se efetivaram, mas lutar pelos direitos e emancipação de todos os brasileiros.
Crítica do financiamento da educaÇão pública no Brasil sob a perspectiva marxista
Authors: Souza Fábio Araujo de
Published: December 2019

Este artigo objetiva analisar, sob a perspectiva do materialismo histórico e do materialismo dialético, o financiamento da educação pública no Brasil. A influência dos EUA, através dos órgãos multilaterais tais como o FMI, o BM, o BID, entre outros, tem condicionado as políticas educacionais para o financiamento da educação pública no Brasil há décadas. Os efeitos mais intensos têm sido a forte presença do setor privado e os desinvestimentos na área. É importante analisar o financiamento da educação para além da sua pseudoconcreticidade e assim esgotar as determinações desse objeto com a finalidade de revelar como realmente as políticas de financiamento da educação têm se estruturado.
A crítica lukacsiana ao fascismo
Authors: Brandão André Figueiredo
Published: December 2019

O presente texto tem como objetivo a sistematização da crítica ao fascismo operada por Gyorgy Lukács em sua obra, como guia de estudo das tendências evolutivas de tal fenômeno social. Forma regressiva oriunda da crise das sociedades burguesas maduras, o movimento fascista constitui-se como uma alternativa política irracionalista, retrógrada, anti-humanista e aristocrática que é veiculada pela burguesia como válvula de escape para garantir a continuidade do sociometabolismo capitalista. Seu combate depende de um movimento operário que faça uma contraposição radical às suas características estruturais.
Upconversion Lifetime Imaging of Highly‐Crystalline Gd‐Based Fluoride Nanocrystals Featuring Strong Luminescence Resulting from Multiple Luminescent Centers
Authors: Xu Yueshan , Zeng Zhichao , Zhang Dan , Liu Songtao , Wang Xian , Li Sai , Cheng Chunyan , Wang Jianxun , Liu Yuanyuan , De Gejihu , Zhang Chao , Qin Weiping , Du Yaping
Published: December 2019

Highly‐crystalline Gd‐based fluoride upconversion (UC) nanocrystals, including orthorhombic‐phase GdF3:Yb/Er nanoplates (NPLs), hexagonal‐phase NaGdF4:Yb/Er NPLs, monoclinic‐phase K3GdF6:Yb/Er nanoribbons (NRs), and orthorhombic‐phase KGdF4:Yb/Er NRs are controllably synthesized through a simple yet robust method, with all of the products exhibiting strong UC luminescence. Notably, the obtained K3GdF6:Yb/Er NRs have an exceptional quantum yield as high as 0.84% at a low excitation laser power (0.30 W cm−2, 975 nm), as well as long single‐particle UC lifetimes (τ) for green (τ = 0.70 ms) and red (τ = 1.10 ms) emissions. The enhanced luminescence is attributed to the “multiple luminescent center effect,” which is verified via the laser‐selective excitation spectra of deliberately introduced Eu3+ dopants. This method can be extended to the preparation of a number of other nanocrystals, and the UC nanocrystals featuring high luminescence efficiencies can be further tailored for biomedical applications.
Roller‐Assisted Adhesion Imprinting for High‐Throughput Manufacturing of Wearable and Stretchable Organic Light‐Emitting Devices
Authors: Yin Da , Jiang Nai‐Rong , Chen Zhi‐Yu , Liu Yue‐Feng , Bi Yan‐Gang , Zhang Xu‐Lin , Feng Jing , Sun Hong‐Bo
Published: December 2019

Stretchable organic optoelectronic devices have been developed rapidly in the last few years due to their great potential in wearable electronics. Although high performance is obtained, high‐throughput manufacturing of these devices is still a challenge for their commercial application. Here, a roller‐assisted adhesion imprinting (RAI) technique is developed to overcome this challenge by rapid production of ordered and large‐area wrinkled structures on organic optoelectronic devices to enable their stretchability. Different from the conventional imprinting technology requiring heating or ultraviolet treatment, adhesion force is employed innovatively in the RAI process to form microstructures within the imprinted materials. As a demonstration, a stretchable wrinkled structure with its length of more than 10 cm is rapidly fabricated and larger area is available by continuous imprinting. Stretchable organic light‐emitting devices (SOLEDs) are easily manufactured by the RAI process. The SOLEDs can be elongated to 100% strain and keep working with 5% current efficiency variation after 35 000 cycles of stretching with 20% tensile strain. This is the best mechanical stability of SOLEDs reported to date. The development of the high‐throughput, large‐area, and cost‐effective RAI technique provides potential roll‐to‐roll continuous production of stretchable electronics.
Polyurethanes derived from coal extract
Authors: Gunderson Timothy James , Holberg Stefan , Bassham Seth Taylor , Wang Xinyan , Downey Michael Ryan , Adams Jeramie J. , Khambhati Devang P. , Bell David A. , Ackerman John Fitzgerald , Johnson Patrick Alfred
Published: December 2019

Subbituminous coal from the powder river basin was extracted with N,N‐dimethylformamide at atmospheric pressure to yield a solid extract that provided phenolic and carboxylic acid groups. The coal extract was employed as polyol in polyurethane (PU) synthesis. A solvent‐free synthesis using 2,4‐toluene diisocyanate (TDI) resulted in a porous PU solid. Reaction with TDI in solution resulted in a soluble PU that could be applied as adhesive or coating. Coatings were also prepared from coal extract solutions and commercial, polymeric isocyanates, providing excellent adhesion to aluminum. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48776.
Soluble electron acceptors affect bioluminescence from Shewanella woodyi
Authors: Theberge Allison L. , Alsabia Sahar M. , Mortensen Christopher T. , Blair Anna G. , Wendel Nina M. , Biffinger Justin C.
Published: December 2019

Shewanella woodyi cultures were used to correlate bioluminescence intensity with changes in the electrochemical potential of a saltwater medium using soluble electron acceptors. A relationship between the concentration of NaNO3 or CoCl2 to bioluminescence intensity was confirmed using aerobic cultures of S. woodyi at 20°C with glucose as the sole carbon source. In general, increasing the concentration of nitrate or Co(II) reduced the bioluminescence per cell, with complete luminescence being repressed at ≥5 mM nitrate and ≥0.5 mM Co(II). Results from cell viability fluorescent staining concluded that increasing the concentration of Co(II) or nitrate did not affect the overall viability of the cells when compared with cultures lacking Co(II) or nitrate. These data show that potentials of <0.2 V vs Normal Hydrogen Electrode (NHE) repress the luminescence from the cells, but the exact mechanism is unclear. Our results indicated that the luminescence intensity from S. woodyi could be systematically reduced using these two soluble electron acceptors, making S. woodyi a potential model bacterium for whole‐cell luminescence bioelectrochemical sensor applications.
Poor glycemic control might compromise the efficacy of chemotherapy in non‐small cell lung cancer patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zeng Xianghua , Xu Cheng , Cheng Jianan , Sun Chengdu , Wang Zhongyu , Gong Zhihua , Long Haixia , Zhu Bo
Published: December 2019

Background

Previous studies indicated that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is related to an increased lung cancer risk, but its role in the prognosis of NSCLC remains conflicting. This study investigated the impact of blood glucose control on the outcomes in NSCLC patients with T2DM treated with platinum‐based doublets.

Methods

Clinicopathological and survival data from 191 T2DM patients with advanced NSCLC, who received platinum‐based chemotherapy, were retrospectively analyzed. Based on the blood glucose conditions during chemotherapy, patients were classified into poor (n = 84) and good control (n = 107) groups. Progression‐free survival (PFS) was assessed using the Kaplan‐Meier method.

Results

The median PFS among patients with good glycemic control [197.0 (95% CI: 136.3‐257.7) days] was longer than that among those with poor control [132.0 (95% CI: 112.5‐151.5) days] (P = .0003). Further subgroup analysis of lung squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma patients showed that the median PFS of the good control group was also significantly longer than that of the poor control group [179.0 (95% CI: 78.4‐279.6) days vs 125.0 (95% CI: 110.9‐139.1) days, P = .0014; 197.0 (95% CI: 124.3‐269.7) days vs 154.0 (95% CI: 129.9‐178.1) days, P = .0359; respectively]. The incidence rates of side effects were similar among patients with good glycemic control and those with poor glycemic control (all P > .05).

Conclusions

Satisfactory glycemic control during platinum‐based chemotherapy might provide a survival benefit to T2DM patients with NSCLC. Further studies are warranted to confirm our findings.
A New Porous Ni‐W Mixed Metal Phosphonate Open Framework Material for Efficient Photoelectrochemical OER
Authors: Chakraborty Debabrata , Shyamal Sanjib , Bhaumik Asim
Published: December 2019

Photoelectrochemical water oxidation or oxygen evolution reaction (PEC‐OER) at the semiconductor surfaces has attracted huge attention over the years as it plays key role for energetically demanding processes like fuel cells, water splitting, and rechargeable metal‐air batteries. Thus, development of sustainable, abundant and economical semiconductor nanomaterials as the catalyst for photoelectrochemical water oxidation reaction is very challenging in achieving high efficiency in the overall water splitting reaction. Herein, we report a new porous Ni−W mixed metal phosphonate material NiWPPA‐4 with open framework structure through simple hydrothermal route and its crystalline framework has been indexed into a new orthorhombic crystal with unit cell dimensions: a=14.5506 Å, b=17.6445 Å, c=20.1766 Å and α=β=γ=90°. NiWPPA‐4 has been successfully utilized for photoelectrochemical OER from moderately basic medium [1(M) KOH] under constant irradiation of 100 mWcm−1 light source. Semiconducting property together with nanoscale porosity in the Ni−W mixed metal phosphonate is responsible for photoelectrochemical OER in alkaline pH. To the best of our knowledge it is the first report on a mixed metal phosphonate material, which showed excellent catalytic activity in the photoelectrochemical OER. The onset‐potential of NiWPPA‐4 prepared over ITO coated glass was only −410 mV vs Ag/AgCl and the oxygen evolution rate is 275 μmol g−1. This study thus established efficient photoelectrochemical OER on porous mixed‐metal phosphonates and offer opportunities for the utilization of metal phosphonates as potential photocatalyst in the energy conversion processes.
Asymmetric Catalytic [4+5] Annulation of ortho‐Quinone Methides with Vinylethylene Carbonates and its Extension to Stereoselective Tandem Rearrangement
Authors: An Xian‐Tao , Du Ji‐Yuan , Jia Zhi‐Long , Zhang Qing , Yu Ke‐Yin , Zhang Yi‐Zhou , Zhao Xian‐He , Fang Ran , Fan Chun‐An
Published: December 2019

Palladium‐catalyzed asymmetric [4+5] annulation of ortho‐quinone methides (o‐QMs) with substituted vinylethylene carbonates (VECs) is described for the first time, giving a novel enantioselective approach to chiral nine‐membered benzoheterocycles. Based on this designed [4+5] annulation, an unprecedented silica gel‐promoted tandem rearrangement reaction featuring a unique asymmetric aromatic Claisen rearrangement is explored at room temperature, offering a new method for asymmetric construction of all‐carbon quaternary stereocenters embedded in chiral functionalized homoallylic alcohols.
Power‐to‐X im Kontext der Energiewende und des Klimaschutzes in Deutschland
Authors: Bauer Franz , Sterner Michael
Published: December 2019

Um den Einfluss verschiedener Power‐to‐X‐Verfahren auf die Transformation des deutschen Energiesystems und das Erreichen der Klimaschutzziele zu überprüfen, wurde ein sektorübergreifendes Energiesystemmodel entwickelt. Die daraus gewonnenen Ergebnisse zeigen: Für eine erfolgreiche Energiewende ist der Einsatz von Power‐to‐X in Zukunft unverzichtbar. Vor allem in Bereichen und Sektoren, in denen hohe Energiedichten erforderlich und nur wenig andere Optionen zur Defossilisierung vorhanden sind, werden Power‐to‐X‐Technologien zwingend notwendig.
Click Chemistry: Evolving on the Fringe
Authors: Xu Long , Dong Jiajia
Published: December 2019

The article herein briefly introduces the story of the birth of click chemistry and its evolution after that. A new angle to interpret click reactions was proposed using the “reactivity‐availability‐functionality” trilogy. CuAAC (Copper‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition), the most popular click reaction by far, was revisited along with the thiol‐ene, metal‐free AAC, SuFEx (Sulfur(VI) fluoride exchange) and the lately discovered diazotransfer process. By encountering more and more near‐perfect reactions, click chemistry is evolving and expanding on the fringe of the chemistry and different scientific disciplines, destination unknown.
Tile art image generation using parallel greedy algorithm on the GPU and its approximation with machine learning
Authors: Matsumura Naoki , Tokura Hiroki , Kuroda Yuki , Ito Yasuaki , Nakano Koji
Published: December 2019

Tile art image generation is one of the non‐photorealistic rendering methods. The generated digital image resembles artistic representation given digital photos and illustrations. The first contribution of this paper is to propose a tile image generation based on the greedy approach. The greedy approach is based on the characteristic of the human visual system to optimize generated images. In addition, to shorten the computation time, we show the parallel algorithm and its GPU acceleration technique. We have implemented it on NVIDIA Tesla V100 GPU. The experimental result shows that the GPU implementation attains a speed‐up factor of 318 and 16.19 over the sequential CPU implementation and the parallel multi‐core CPU implementation with 160 threads, respectively. The second contribution of this paper is to propose an approximation method using machine learning with deep neural networks. After learning the network with the tile art images generated by the greedy approach as training dataset, it can generate tile art images that well‐reproduce the original images with tile patterns. Moreover, we show an additional machine learning technique by repeating the forwarding computation for the generated tile art image as an input image. As a result, using this technique, we can generate a tile art images with clear shape of tiles.