bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rationale for Promising Novel Therapeutic Approach Focused On Endothelin Pathway for Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: de Haro Joaquín , Bleda Silvia , Acin Francisco
Published: January 2023

There is evidence to suggest that endothelin (ET-1) is involved in the pathophysiology of peripheral arterial disease (PAD), contributing to atherosclerotic narrowing of the lower limb arteries as well as microvascular dysfunction. This paper summarises the evidence and discusses the potential role of a promising novel therapeutic strategy for PAD focused on ET-1 pathway modification. ET-1 pathway is involved in PAD with raised plasma levels and local sources of ET-1. More recent evidence of a potential role of ET-1 in ischaemia- induced skeletal muscle damage suggests that this may be a useful target for treatment. ET antagonism may play an adjunctive role in improving endothelial function and reducing oxidative tissue damage within the affected vessels. However, in patients with advanced atherosclerotic lesions, manipulation of the ET-1 pathway is unlikely to be of a significant benefit in terms of lesion regression and improving blood flow. Results from small clinical studies support data from promising initial pilot and basic research. Considering the potentially important role of ET-1 in the development of vascular dysfunction reviewed in the present article – conditions with increased inflammatory activity, oxidative stress, and vascular tone such as atherosclerosis, and PAD – larger clinical trials using ET receptor antagonists are encouraged and needed.
A Prokinetic Agent with a Dual Effect – Itopride – In the Treatment of Dysmotility
Authors: Dite Petr , Rydlo Martin , Dockal Milan , Martinek Arnost
Published: January 2023

A wide range of dyspeptic symptoms in clinical practice reflect the high prevalence of functional disorders of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Prokinetic agents are the current mainstay in the therapy of functional dyspepsia. One of these drugs is itopride. We evaluated therapeutic efficacy of itopride according to the literature review. The therapeutic potential of itopride is connected with a dual effect: influencing of enzyme acetylcholinesterase activity and blocking dopamine D2 receptors. After the itopride administration, the contractility of smooth muscle in the upper GI tract increases. Itopride is a drug with rapid absorption from the small bowel; its peak serum concentration occurs 35 minutes after oral administration. Itopride does not pass the blood-brain barrier and does not affect the heart rate by influencing the QT segment. Itopride is a safe prokinetic agent with positive influence on the symptoms of functional dyspepsia such as postprandial fullness, bloating, and gastric emptying. Itopride could also be used for the therapy of the mild form of gastro-oesophageal reflux.
Importance of Plaque Modification Before Coronary Artery Stenting
Authors: Erglis Andrejs , Narbute Inga , Strenge Karlis , Jegere Sanda
Published: January 2023

Lately, the importance of plaque modification prior to stent implantation, particularly the use of cutting and scoring balloons, has been a subject of debate. Pre-treatment or plaque modification before stent implantation is an important step to achieve the best possible result and ensure long term safety and efficacy of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The rationale behind plaque modification is that it may minimise arterial injury and subsequent neointimal proliferation and/or restenosis. Artery scoring before stent implantation gives almost perfect stent apposition with reduced inflation pressure and minimised plaque shifting, it also prevents balloon slippage, alters calcification, increases artery compliance and enhances stent deliverability. Appropriate use of scoring balloons for plaque modification with subsequent stent implantation significantly increases acute and post-procedural results of angioplasty. With bioabsorbable stents and bioresorbable vascular scaffolds, plaque modification will be an essential tool to perform complete ‘vessel repair procedures’.
Home Nephrology Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery for Complex Stones in a Toddler with…
Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery for Complex Stones in a Toddler with Congenital Renal Anomalies: Technical Details
Authors: Kiremit Murat Can , Guven Selcuk , Horuz Rahim , Erkurt Bulent , Albayrak Selami
Published: January 2023

We report herein the management of a challenging case due to anatomic and stone-related complications in a 37-month-old Caucasian toddler with megacalycosis and complex stone in the left kidney and duplicated ureter on the right side.
Unique anthropogenic aquatic landscapes of Podillia as prospective protected objects
Authors: Mudrak O. , Khaietskyi H. , Mudrak Н. , Serebriakov V. , Shevchenko I.
Published: January 2023

The Law of Ukraine “On the Nature Reserve Fund of Ukraine” defines the legal basis for the organization, protection, effective use and reproduction of natural complexes and objects that can be included in those that have a special nature protection, scientific, aesthetic, recreational and other value. They are selected for the purpose of preserving the natural diversity of landscapes, the gene pool of animal and plant life. These include a number of original hydrological objects of Podillia, especially anthropogenic water landscapes, which in the structure of modern anthropogenic landscapes occupy only 1.7%. For a long time, man influenced the nature of river valleys and their channels, which led to their transformation into anthropogenic ones (original and unique aquatic anthropogenic landscape complexes that require further research, protection and bequest). Aquatic anthropogenic protected objects were formed as a result of human economic activity and have a special scientific and aesthetic value and require immediate protection and preservation (milling complexes, reservoirs of garden and park ensembles, pits, waterfalls, and others). In the future, the problem of degradation of the water landscapes of the Podillia river basins due to the aridization of the climate and anthropogenic influence may become quite acute. Therefore, the creation of protected water bodies is currently an important issue. The issue of nature protection of the river valleys of Podillia (especially the Southern Bug and Dniester rivers) has always been quite acute. So, now there are 135 protected objects with an area of 14,908.09 hectares in the basin of the South Bug River within Podillia. Currently, natural water landscape complexes do not have a significant distribution, therefore the main perspective of the formation of the natural reserve fund of the region belongs to anthropogenic ones. Today, such opportunities exist in river basins (beds, floodplains, floodplain terraces, watersheds), as well as in places of mineral extraction (abandoned granite, limestone, clay and sand quarries).
Ecological and typological assessment of forest vegetation in Starogutskyi forest — National Nature Park (NNP)
Authors: Marukha T.
Published: January 2023

Preservation of the biodiversity of forest phytocenoses is one of the urgent tasks in the field of environmental protection. The formation of sustainable plantings with the possibility of reproduction of natural ecotopes, preservation and protection of rare plant populations is the main task of environmental protection organizations, including the Desnyansko-Starogutsky NТP. The ecological and typological assessment of the territory of the forest massif of the park allows to optimize efforts to create conditions for increasing its phytodiversity. The analysis of natural and artificially created forests on the territory of the Starogut part of the National Nature Park “Desnyansko-Starogutsky” showed the distribution of tree species depending on the characteristics of the ecological conditions of their growth. According to the forest ordering, the total area covered by forest vegetation is 6778,8 ha. Allocation of forest section areas by edatopes is the following: trophotopes — pinewoods (1,8 ha, 0,02%), subors (4510,1 ha, 66,53%), sudubrava (2266,9 ha, 33,44%), oak forests are not available; hygrotopes — dry conditions (0,7 ha, 0,01%), fresh (3948,2 ha, 58,24%), damp (2151,1 ha, 31,73%), humid (605,4 ha, 8,93%), wet (73,4 ha, 1,08%), very dry — not available. The number of types of woods covered by forest vegetation equal ten. Fresh oak and pine subor (2594,5 ha, 38,27%) prevail, humid oak and pine subor (1430,5 ha, 21,10%), and fresh oak and pine sudubrava (1352,6 ha, 19,95%) occupy slightly smaller areas. The main forest species is Pinus sylvestris (5092,7 ha, 75,13%). Smaller areas are occupied by Betula pendula (1207,1 ha, 17,8%), Alnus glutinosa (201,4 ha, 2,97%), Piceaabies (111,5 ha, 1,64%), Quercus robur (90,0 ha, 1,33%), the others are presented in small numbers. Allocation of forest sections by edatopes in the protected area is the following: reserved area — fresh and humid subors (1181,1 ha, 55,47%) and sudubrava (849,4 ha, 37%) prevail, area of regulated recreation — fresh and humid subors (2336,4 ha, 59,89%) and sudubrava (1164,2 ha, 29,84%), an economic area also has fresh and humid subors (430,7 ha, 73,85%) and sudubrava (137,5 ha, 23,58%).
Ways of modeling the agricultural sector as a complex object of critical infrastructure
Authors: Ilienko Т. , Hurieiev V. , Chernenko O.
Published: January 2023

The purpose of the research of the scientific work is to clarify issues related to the ways and problems of building models of sustainable development of the agricultural sector in modern conditions. By clarifying the conceptual apparatus and terminology of the subject field, the relationship between the current legal base, the real state of affairs and ways of building models of agroecosystem development in the context of understanding the conceptual unity: “man — society — state” is established. Based on the analysis of the legislation of Ukraine, it is proved that the agricultural sector belongs to the category of critical infrastructure objects. With the help of system analysis, the formation of the qualitative distinctiveness of agroecosystems and the importance of these factors for building development models are demonstrated. A detailed analysis of current risks, the existing methodology of their assessment was carried out and a conclusion was given — the acquisition of the status of a properly designed critical infrastructure facility can minimize the risks of the load on agro-ecosystems to an acceptable level. Based on the generalization of the considered material, the conclusions provide practical recommendations for building models of agroecosystem development on the basis of ecologically safe agricultural land use.
STEM-Based E-Module in Improving Students' Mathematical Creative Thinking Ability: A Needs Analysis for Indonesian Students
Authors: Komarudin Komarudin
Published: January 2023

Creative thinking is one of the 21st century thinking skills, because it allows individuals to adapt quickly to various changes that occur. The integration of e-modules and STEM is expected to improve students' mathematical creative thinking skills. This study aims to analyze the need for teaching materials in the form of STEM-based e-modules in improving students' mathematical creative thinking skills. The subjects of this study were 14 mathematics teachers and 39 students from various school levels in Indonesia. Data collection is done through a questionnaire technique. The research instrument consisted of a questionnaire on the needs of teachers and students for STEM-based e-modules, each with 14 questions and 13 questions. The results showed that teachers and students felt that it was necessary to develop an integrated STEM e-module in improving students' own mathematical creative thinking skills.
Pengaruh Pola Asuh Orang Tua Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Materi Aritmetika Sosial
Authors: Nahlika Nahlika Purnamasari , Rahmawati Novia Dwi
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pola pengasuhan seperti apa yang di terapkan oleh orang tua terhadap anak dan apakah ada pengaruh antara pola asuh orang tua dengan hasil beajar matematika materi aritmetika sosial. Terdapat tiga jenis pola asuh orang tua diantaranya: pola asuh demokratis, pola asuh otoriter, dan pola asuh permisif, dari ketiga pola asuh tersebut pola asuh dengan jenis seperti apa yang dominan terjadi terhadap anak sehingga mempengaruhi hasil belajar matematika materi aritmetika sosial. Pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik samel jenuh. Analisis expostfacto adalah jenis penelitian yang digunakan dengan metode kuantitatif yang diambil dari angket orang tua dan hasil tes siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu angket pola asuh orang tua dan hasil tes matematika siswa materi aritmetika sosial. Data hasil angket orang tua dan data hasil tes siswa dikorelasikan menjadi tiga kelompok, terdapat 32 siswa dengan pola asuh demokratis diantaranya 11 siswa bernilai tinggim 15 siswa bernilai sedang, dan 6 siswa bernilai rendah. Untuk pola asuh otoriter didaptkan sejumlah 12 siswa diantaranya 2 siswa bernilai tinggi, 7 siswa bernilai sedang, dan 3 siswa bernilai rendah, selanjutnya terdapat 20 siswa dengan pola asuh permisif dengan nilai keseluruhan rendah.
Building citizenship in Education for Development. Democracy of knowledge in emancipatory didactics
Authors: Muñoz-Sánchez Práxedes
Published: January 2023

This article presents a reflection, experienced, on continuous training of aspects that favor the awareness of the person to live in and for the community, in terms of decolonizing didactic strategies and going to dialogic practices in favor of social transformations. Learning is based on applying theory to life practices that facilitate understanding of the need for a glolocal perspective and world system, with a focus on solidarity. For this, it is necessary to facilitate the understanding of language from the transnational complexity in terms of social and cultural diversity and identify the colonial from an imposed knowledge. This fact favors an education of non-conformism, as well as identifying the barriers in the acceptance of otherness. as a political act. After investigations into action and practical theoretical reflections in the classroom, strategies are presented that link the democracy of knowledge with didactic daily life, epistemologies, meanings and symbolic charges to facilitate the sense of co-responsibility for development.
Михайло Грушевський у колі французьких колег: проблеми рецепції
Authors: Telvak Vitalii , Telvak Viktoria
Published: January 2023

Мета статті – з’ясувати особливості рецепції наукової та суспільно-політичної діяльності М. Грушевського у середовищі французьких інтелектуалів першої третини ХХ ст.

Наукова новизна дослідження полягає у першій спеціальній спробі комплексної реконструкції французької грушевськіани першої третини ХХ ст.

Висновки. Опрацьований матеріал підводить до висновку про мозаїчність грушевськознавчої рецепції у французькій інтелектуальній культурі його доби. Така специфіка є особливо помітною у порівнянні з системними польськими, німецькими чи чеськими зверненнями до творчої спадщини М. Грушевського. Її причиною вочевидь був зародковий стан тогочасного французького українознавства, що долаючи усталені протягом тривалого періоду імперські славістичні стереотипи, лише намагалося формувати уявлення про дисциплінарну самостійність української мови, літератури і, найпізніше, історичної науки. Промовистим свідченням цього є те, що у досліджуваний період серед оглядачів текстів М. Грушевського не було жодного історика sensu stricto. А згадувані вище французькі філологи та мовознавці фокусувалися не стільки на фахових аспектах історіографічного дискурсу вченого, скільки на національно-культурній значущості його різнопланової праці.

Завдячуючи творам і періодичним виданням М. Грушевського у відкритті незнаної раніше східнослов’янської нації, його французькі колеги конструювали образ вченого як будителя для власних співвітчизників і невтомного популяризатора української культурної спадщини серед західноєвропейської інтелігенції. Загалом же, проаналізована французька грушевськіана стала важливою складовою українсько-французького інтелектуального діалогу кінця ХІХ – першої третини ХХ ст.
Українська автокефальна православна церква на Донбасі (1921-1930 рр.)
Authors: Ruban Mykola
Published: January 2023

Метою статті є показати процес становлення, розвитку та згортання руху за українізацію православ’я на Донбасі, прослідкувати статистичні показники парафій Української автокефальної православної церкви (УАПЦ) і розкрити основні віхи їх історії на регіональному рівні.

Наукова новизна. Розкрито абсолютно невідомі до цього часу сторінки історії УАПЦ на Донбасі, реконструйовано розвиток Слобожансько-Донецької церковної округи з наголосом на парафіях Донеччини, із забуття повернені імені провідників і борців за українізацію церков Донбасу та священнослужителів, які пішли шляхом автокефалії. Особлива увага звернена на лідерів УАПЦ досліджуваного регіону – Олександра Ярещенка, Миколу Пивоварова, Івана Павловського.

Висновки. Східна Україна, а особливо Донбас, виявилася найбільш інертним регіоном щодо українізації православ’я й утворення автокефальних громад. Відсутність належного активу у регіоні, а також суперечливість хіротоній перших ієрархів і надмірна реформаційність УАПЦ, призвели до того, що перша парафія тут з’явилася лише в середині 1922 р. у Луганську. Але ця спроба так і не була повністю реалізована.

В історії УАПЦ Донбасу виділяємо два етапи: 1921-1925 рр. – період зародження автокефалії у краї, організаційного оформлення та найбільшого підйому; 1925-1930 рр. – час стабілізації та поступового згасання.

Перший етап становлення парафіяльної мережі на Донбасі був неоднозначним. З одного боку, він показав наявність серед української людності Донеччини бажання мати національно-орієнтовану церкву. Про це свідчить мережа парафій, яка постала протягом 1923-1924 рр. на цих теренах, коли у регіоні було зареєстровано 15 парафій. З іншого – сильні позиції прихильників ортодоксальної РПЦ, певне несприйняття «олександрійського» способу висвячення єпископату та протидія більшовицької влади призвели до зникнення 50% парафій у кінці 1924 – першій половині 1925 р.

Другий етап відзначився арештом очільника церковної округи архієпископа Олександра Ярещенка, стабілізацією відносин із радянською владою та налагодженням церковної дисципліни та конфесійного життя. Особливістю Слобожансько-Донецької церковної округи стало її повне відмежування від розколу УАПЦ під прапором Діяльно-Христової церкви.

Масова антирелігійна кампанія, яка розгорнулася по країні у 1929-1930 рр., боляче вдарила по релігійним громадам Донбасу. У перші місяці 1930 р. УАПЦ повністю втратила свою парафіяльну мережу у регіоні.
«Кооперативна інтелігенція» УСРР: процес формування соціальної самодостатності (1920-ті – перша половина 1930-х рр.)
Authors: Fareniy Igor
Published: January 2023

Мета статті – з’ясувати соціальну приналежність кооперативних працівників, задіяних в управлінні кооперативними організаціями й у сфері інтелектуальної праці, на основі даних про їх соціальну ідентифікацію та культурно-етичні риси.

Наукова новизна результатів дослідження полягає у з’ясуванні соціокультурних характеристик інтелігенції, які виникли за наслідками участі у кооперативній діяльності, унаслідок чого «кооперативна інтелігенція» стала претендувати на ознаки самодостатньої соціальної верстви.

Висновки. У кооперативному русі працював загін інтелігенції, який виконував роль керівників кооперативних організацій, службовців їх апаратів управління, штатних спеціалістів різного профілю. Їх називали «кооперативною інтелігенцією», «кооперативними робітниками», «громадськими робітниками», «кооператорами». Суспільна думка відмежовувала «кооператорів» від «кооперованого населення» – членів кооперативних товариств – та інших професійних і соціальних груп. «Кооператорів» ідентифікували як самостійну категорію людей, яка займається організаційно-управлінською й інтелектуальною роботою у сфері кооперації. Водночас у середовищі кооператорів-інтелігентів проявлялося власне соціальне усвідомлення, і вони розглядали себе як різновид соціальної еліти. Формування такого соціокультурного типу інтелігентів розпочалося на початку ХХ ст. і продовжувалося у 1920-х рр. Середовищем формування «кооператорів» виступали інтелігентські прошарки, селянство і промислові робітники, які долучалися до кооперативного життя.

Історичний час кооператорів-інтелігентів був коротким. Шляхом наповнення керівних ланок кооперації представниками партійних і радянських органів та репресивної політики влади, цей соціальний тип інтелігенції у 30-х роках ХХ ст. припинив існування.

Кооператорів-інтелігентів слід розглядати як інтелектуально-культурну еліту, що реалізовувала себе у сфері кооперації та кооперативного руху, і набувала внаслідок причетності до нього специфічних культурно-ідеологічних та соціально-поведінкових рис, серед яких – здатність до громадської й організаційно-господарської роботи серед народу, небайдужість до його інтересів, праця в інтересах широких верств населення та залежність від останнього. Ідентифікація у суспільстві та самоідентифікація «кооператорів» засвідчують їх соціальну самодостатність і здатність кооперації як форми соціально-економічного життя породжувати специфічний тип інтелектуальної еліти.
Modos de Vida de Personas Autistas del Centro Medicina Integral (Cartagena - Colombia)
Authors: Dominguez Meza Antonio Carlos
Published: January 2023

Objetivo: caracterizar los modos de vida de las personas autistas del centro Medicina Integral en la ciudad de Cartagena-Colombia, a través de la epidemiología crítica en su vertiente de la determinación social de la salud. Se realizó utilizando técnicas cuali-cuantitativas como la encuesta, la entrevista, la revisión bibliográfica-documental y la observación natural. La muestra estuvo constituida por 105 familias de personas autistas asistentes al centro Medicina Integral en la ciudad Cartagena Colombia y los resultados fueron procesados mediante el software de procesamiento de datos SPSS STATISTICS 25. Resultados: a nivel de los modos de vida de las familias de las personas autistas, se ve como las categorías del dominio general determina la dinámica de los modos de vida. En la caracterización de categorías de orden particular como la etnia, la clase social y el género del responsable familiar, predominó la raza mestiza, la inserción social baja y el género masculino. A nivel educativo-laboral, predomina la tendencia a trabajos del nivel medio bajo subordinación e informalidad. El acceso a salud es bueno, pues más del 90 % goza de este servicio. A nivel de exposiciones, son variados los procesos, se evidencian pocos apoyos, contaminación ambiental socioespacial en las familias, inequidad en el territorio, patologización y mitos acerca de la condición de autismo. Conclusiones: se pudo concluir que el autismo en Cartagena Colombia no es una condición aislada, sino que está subsumido bajo sistemas del orden general, particular y singular, que condicionan al individuo y a sus familias.
Enhancing the predictability of ecology in a changing world: A call for an organism-based approach
Authors: Musters C. J. M. , DeAngelis Don L. , Harvey Jeffrey A. , Mooij Wolf M. , van Bodegom Peter M. , de Snoo Geert R.
Published: January 2023

Ecology is usually very good in making descriptive explanations of what is observed, but is often unable to make predictions of the response of ecosystems to change. This has implications in a human-dominated world where a suite of anthropogenic stresses are threatening the resilience and functioning of ecosystems that sustain mankind through a range of critical regulating and supporting services. In ecosystems, cause-and-effect relationships are difficult to elucidate because of complex networks of negative and positive feedbacks. Therefore, being able to effectively predict when and where ecosystems could pass into different (and potentially unstable) new states is vitally important under rapid global change. Here, we argue that such better predictions may be reached if we focus on organisms instead of species, because organisms are the principal biotic agents in ecosystems that react directly on changes in their environment. Several studies show that changes in ecosystems may be accurately described as the result of changes in organisms and their interactions. Organism-based theories are available that are simple and derived from first principles, but allow many predictions. Of these we discuss Trait-based Ecology, Agent Based Models, and Maximum Entropy Theory of Ecology and show that together they form a logical sequence of approaches that allow organism-based studies of ecological communities. Combining and extending them makes it possible to predict the spatiotemporal distribution of groups of organisms in terms of how metabolic energy is distributed over areas, time, and resources. We expect that this “Organism-based Ecology” (OE) ultimately will improve our ability to predict ecosystem dynamics.
Multiplexed target enrichment of coding and non-coding transcriptomes enables studying Candida spp. infections from human derived samples
Authors: Hovhannisyan Hrant , Rodríguez Antonio , Saus Ester , Vaneechoutte Mario , Gabaldón Toni
Published: January 2023

The study of transcriptomic interactions between host and pathogens in in vivo conditions is challenged by the low relative amounts of the pathogen RNA. Yeast opportunistic pathogens of the genus Candida can cause life-threatening systemic infections in immunocompromised patients, and are of growing medical concern. Four phylogenetically diverse species account for over 90% of Candida infections, and their specific interactions with various human tissues are still poorly understood. To enable in vivo transcriptomic analysis in these species, we designed and validated pan-Candida target capture probes to enrich protein-coding and non-coding transcriptomes. The probe-based enrichment approach outperformed enrichment based on differential lysis of host cells, and showed similar enrichment performance as an existing capture design, yet achieving better fidelity of expression levels, enabling species multiplexing and capturing of lncRNAs. In addition, we show that our probe-based enrichment strategy allows robust genotype-based identification of the infecting strain present in the sample.
Cenozoic evolution of the Yangjiang-Yitong’ansha fault zone in the northern South China Sea: Evidence from 3D seismic data
Authors: Zhan Huawang , Wang Guangzeng , Peng Guangrong , Suo Yanhui , Wang Pengcheng , Du Xiaodong , Zhou Jie , Li Sanzhong , Zhu Dingwei
Published: January 2023

The Yanjiang-Yitong’ansha Fault Zone (YYFZ) traverses the Pearl River Mouth Basin (PRMB) and plays an essential role in basin formation and hydrocarbon accumulation in the PRMB. Because of the lack of seismic data, its distribution, evolution, and effect on the basin evolution in the Cenozoic are poorly known. Based on a detailed interpretation of 3D multi-channel seismic data and previous research results, the YYFZ was identified and characterized. It comprises a series of NW-trending strike-slip faults that exhibit horsetail and en echelon structures in the map view and flower-like or Y-shaped structures in the profile view. By comprehensively analyzing the Paleogene migration of depocenters, activity characteristics of the YYFZ-related faults, and the relationships between faults and sedimentary sequences along the YYFZ, we propose the sinistral motion of the YYFZ initiated at about 35 Ma. The YYFZ served as a transfer zone during the intense rifting in the PRMB from 65 to 35 Ma. Then due to the combined effect of the Indian-Eurasian collision to the west, the Pacific subduction to the east, and the proto-SCS slab-pull to the south, it became a sinistral transtensional fault from 35 Ma to 16.5 Ma. Our results highlight the significant role of the NW-trending fault systems in the basin formation and the regional tectonic evolution of the PRMB.
Petrogenesis and tectonic settings of epithermal mineralization-related granites in the Xinchenggou area, NE China
Authors: Hao Yi , Guo Lingli , Feng Yingming , Zhang Hao , Somerville Ian , Li Sanzhong , Zhu Junjiang
Published: January 2023

The Xinchenggou area is located in the northeast part of the eastern segment of the Xingmeng orogenic belt (EXOB), NE China and has been demonstrated to be a promising exploration target for epithermal deposits. Although previous studies have shown that syenogranite and monzogranite occurring in the Xinchenggou area are promising in forming epithermal mineralization, the petrogenesis and geodynamic settings in which these granites were emplaced are still unclear. To address these problems, in this study detailed whole-rock major and trace element analyses for these granites were conducted. Combined with previously published data, we show that both syenogranite and monzogranite in the Xinchenggou area are high-K calc-alkaline and peraluminous with high SiO2. Their rare earth element concentrations are low (ΣREE = 72.35 × 10−6–217.64 × 10−6) and show obvious differentiation between LREE and HREE (LaN/YbN=2.74–11.37), with apparent Eu negative anomalies (δEu = 0.14–0.83) and indistinctive Ce anomalies (δCe = 0.96–1.11). Combined with petrographical observations, it is suggested that both syenogranite and monzogranite are (slightly fractionated) I-type granite. Nb/Ta ratios of syenogranite and monzogranite range from 6.18 to 26.33, indicating that the granitic magma was derived from the upper mantle or the lower crust. Both syenogranite and monzogranite were emplaced in a continental arc setting, which was related to the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasian Plate during the Late Triassic to Early Jurassic.
Modeling the effects of present-day irrigation on temperature extremes over China
Authors: Li Xiao , Li Xing , Hua Wenjian , Ma Hedi , Zhou Juan , Pang Xueqi
Published: January 2023

Irrigation activities have been recognized as one of the most potentially sustainable land management practices to tackle climate change. In this study, we investigated the impacts of present-day irrigation activities on regional temperature extremes changes in China using the state-of-the-art regional climate model RegCM-4.8.2, through two sets of long-term numerical experiments (i.e., with and without irrigation). The key findings are as follows. Firstly, by comparing the observations, RegCM4 has a good ability to reproduce both the spatial distribution and the volume of irrigation for provincial irrigation activities in China. In this context, by comparing the results of numerical experiments, we found that irrigation led to significant reductions (slightly changes) in the extreme indices associated with the warm (cold) tails of the maximum and minimum temperatures distributions, e.g., hot days, tropical nights (cold nights, frost days), particularly in the regions with intense irrigation (e.g., the North China Plain). Furthermore, these extreme indices were dominated by irrigation-induced shifts in mean temperatures, but the impacts of changes in temperature variability on extreme hot events were also non-negligible for the strongly irrigated regions. In addition, through attributing irrigation-induced changes in mean state temperatures, we revealed that the irrigation-induced repartitioning of the surface turbulent heat fluxes (i.e., sensible and latent heat) dominated the variations of temperatures and the associated extremes. However, region-specific land-atmosphere coupling features also led to differences in the irrigation-induced responses of surface energy components. We highlight the possible effects and mechanisms of irrigation on multiple types of extreme temperature indices, particularly the extreme hot events, which provide scientific clues for mitigating and adapting regional climate change.
Sensitivity study of multi-field information maps of typical landslides in mining areas based on transfer learning
Authors: Zhang Yongguo , Yang Yanzhao , Zhang Jin , Wang Yujie
Published: January 2023

The main purpose of this study is to analyze the main influencing factors of the landslide in the coal mine area and, on this basis, establish the sensitivity zoning model of the landslide. Considering the difficulty to obtain the expected results by using machine learning under the condition of lacking data, the typical landslide is used as the data basis, that is, the Fenxi coal mine and Xishan Bujiu coal mine are selected as the coal mining landslide points. Various factors, such as goaf, land subsidence, slope structure, formation lithology, and various indicators are used as input data sources, and artificial neural network (ANN) datasets are used for training to establish a pre-training model. Using the pre-training model, the mining landslide sensitivity evaluation model based on transfer learning is established. In order to demonstrate the performance of transfer learning more intuitively, the neural network is introduced to evaluate the evaluation model. The test results show that transfer learning can achieve a transfer effect higher than 0.95, and the regional distributions of highest landslide sensitivity calculated based on self-transfer learning, direct push transfer learning, and inductive transfer learning are 31.33, 35.50, and 33.75%, respectively, which further deduced that inductive transfer learning can be used for evaluating an LSP model.
Progress and prospect of the time-varying gravity in earthquake prediction in the Chinese Mainland
Authors: Zhu Yiqing , Yang Xiong , Liu Fang , Zhao Yunfeng , Wei Shouchun , Zhang Guoqing
Published: January 2023

This paper mainly introduces the application and progress of the time-varying gravity in earthquake research in the Chinese Mainland. Since the Xingtai earthquake in 1966, China has begun mobile gravity monitoring, trying to explore the relationship between gravity changes and seismic activities. The gravity changes before and after the Haicheng MS7.3 earthquake in 1975 and the Tangshan MS7.8 earthquake in 1976 were observed. In 1981, a high-precision metal spring gravimeter was introduced to carry out high-precision mobile gravity observation in the key earthquake monitoring areas in western Yunnan. The gravity anomaly changes near the epicenters of the Lijiang MS7.0 earthquakes in 1996 were observed. In 1998, a high-precision absolute gravity survey was introduced to carry out the overall scale gravity field monitoring in the Chinese Mainland, and the large-scale gravity change information before Wenchuan MS8.0 and Yutian MS7.3 earthquakes in 2008 was obtained, and the effective prediction opinions were given. After the Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake in 2008, the integration of the national network and the regional network accelerated, forming the whole gravity observation network in the Chinese Mainland, which made a relatively successful medium-term prediction for a series of earthquakes with MS6.0 or above (such as Lushan MS7.0, Menyuan MS6.4, and Jiuzhaigou MS7.0) in recent years and played an important role in the study of the earthquake mechanism and earthquake prediction level in China. Finally, the existing problems in time-varying gravity monitoring in China are pointed out, and the prospect of earthquake research using time-varying gravity monitoring data is put forward.
Theoretical analysis of grouting reinforcement for surrounding rock of deep shaft based on stability and water inflow control
Authors: Xiang Peng , Ji Hong Guang , Zhang Guang Quan , Li Wen Guang
Published: January 2023

To address the challenge of designing grouting reinforcement in a deep shaft to control water, this study established an elastic-plastic analytical formula for the grouted rock surrounding a shaft under the combined action of thermal, hydraulic, and mechanical fields based on the Mohr–Coulomb yield criterion. The various rules and influencing factors of stability and impermeability of the grouted rock surrounding the shaft are calculated and analyzed. The analysis shows that damage to the surrounding rock is aggravated by the action of high ground temperature and high water pressure in deep shafts, and the influence of water pressure is particularly significant. The larger the radius and cohesion of the grouted surrounding rock, the smaller the radius of its plastic zone. With an increase in the elastic modulus ratio between the grouted surrounding rock and the original rock, the radius of its plastic zone increases, so the elastic modulus of the grouted surrounding rock design should consider the original surrounding rock. With a decrease in the permeability coefficient of the grouted surrounding rock, the radial stress decreases, the tangential stress increases, and the radius of the plastic zone increases. The development of plastic zone not only affects the stability but also causes an increase in the permeability coefficient. There is mutual restriction and influence between the shaft water inflow, the permeability coefficient, the radius of the grouted surrounding rock, and the radius of its plastic zone. In the design of grouting reinforcement, the stability of surrounding rock and the control requirements of shaft water inflow should be comprehensively considered and the optimal parameters should be selected based on theoretical calculation. This study provides a theoretical basis for the optimization of grouting reinforcement parameters in a deep shaft.
A novel non-destructive workflow for examining germanium and co-substituents in ZnS
Authors: Hayes Sarah M. , McAleer Ryan J. , Piatak Nadine M. , White Sarah Jane O. , Seal Robert R.
Published: January 2023

A suite of complementary techniques was used to examine germanium (Ge), a byproduct critical element, and co-substituent trace elements in ZnS and mine wastes from four mineral districts where germanium is, or has been, produced within the United States. This contribution establishes a comprehensive workflow for characterizing Ge and other trace elements, which captures the full heterogeneity of samples through extensive pre-characterization. This process proceeded from optical microscopy, to scanning electron microscopy and cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging, to electron microprobe analysis, prior to synchrotron-based investigations. Utilizing non-destructive techniques enabled reanalysis, which proved essential for verifying observations and validating unexpected results. In cases where the Fe content was <0.3 wt% in ZnS, cathodoluminescence imaging proved to be an efficient means to qualitatively identify trace element zonation that could then be further explored by other micro-focused techniques. Micro-focused X-ray diffraction was used to map the distribution of the non-cubic ZnS polymorph, whereas micro-focused X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) phase mapping distinguished between Ge4+ hosted in primary ZnS and a weathering product, hemimorphite [Zn4Si2O7(OH)2·H2O]. Microprobe data and μ-XRF maps identified spatial relationships among trace elements in ZnS and implied substitutional mechanisms, which were further explored using Ge and copper (Cu) X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES). Both oxidation states of Ge (4+ and 2+) were identified in ZnS along with, almost exclusively, monovalent Cu. However, the relative abundance of Ge oxidation states varied among mineral districts and, sometimes, within samples. Further, bulk XANES measurements typically agreed with micro-focused XANES (μ-XANES) spectra, but unique micro-environments were detected, highlighting the importance of complementary bulk and micro-focused measurements. Some Ge μ-XANES utilized a high energy resolution fluorescence detector, which improved spectral resolution and spectral signal-to-noise ratio. This detector opens new opportunities for exploring byproduct critical elements in complex matrices. Overall, the non-destructive workflow employed here can be extended to other byproduct critical elements to more fully understand fundamental ore enrichment processes, which have practical implications for critical element exploration, resource quantification, and extraction.
Effects of the therapy shift from cortisone acetate to modified-release hydrocortisone in a group of patients with adrenal insufficiency
Authors: Frigerio Sofia , Carosi Giulia , Ferrante Emanuele , Sala Elisa , Polledri Elisa , Fustinoni Silvia , Ambrosi Bruno , Chiodini Iacopo , Mantovani Giovanna , Morelli Valentina , Arosio Maura
Published: January 2023

Objective

Patients with adrenal insufficiency (AI) may be exposed to supraphysiological glucocorticoids levels during standard treatment with cortisone acetate (CA) or immediate-release hydrocortisone (IR-HC). Recent studies, predominantly including patients in IR-HC treatment, suggested that modified-release hydrocortisone (MRH) provide a more physiological cortisol rhythm, improving metabolic control and quality of life. Our primary aim was to assess clinical and biochemical modifications in patients shifted from CA to MRH.

Design/Methods

We designed a retrospective longitudinal study, enrolling 45 AI patients (22 primary and 23 secondary AI) treated exclusively with CA thrice daily, shifted to MRH once daily; 29/45 patients concluded at least 18-months follow-up (MRH-group). We recruited 35 AI patients continuing CA as a control group (CA-group). Biochemical and clinical data, including metabolic parameters, bone quality, and symptoms of under- or overtreatment were collected. In 24 patients, a daily salivary cortisol curve (SCC) performed before and one month after shifting to MRH was compared to healthy subjects (HS).

Results

No significant changes in glycometabolic and bone parameters were observed both in MRH and CA-groups during a median follow-up of 35 months. A more frequent decrease in blood pressure values (23.1% vs 2.8%, p=0.04) and improvement of under- or overtreatment symptoms were observed in MRH vs CA-group. The SCC showed a significant steroid overexposure in both CA and MRH-groups compared to HS [AUC (area under the curve) = 74.4 ± 38.1 nmol×hr/L and 94.6 ± 62.5 nmol×hr/L respectively, vs 44.1 ± 8.4 nmol×hr/L, p<0.01 for both comparisons], although SCC profile was more similar to HS in MRH-group.

Conclusions

In our experience, patients shifted from CA to equivalent doses of MRH do not show significant glycometabolic modifications but blood pressure control and symptoms of over-or undertreatment may improve. The lack of amelioration in glucose metabolism and total cortisol daily exposure could suggest the need for a dose reduction when shifting from CA to MRH, due to their different pharmacokinetics.
Mapping global platinum supply chain and assessing potential supply risks
Authors: Li Pengyuan , Liu Qunyi , Zhou Ping , Li Ying
Published: January 2023

Platinum is widely considered as a critical mineral. According to the most optimistic scenario, the demand for platinum could increase 240-fold globally by 2050 due to the enormous demand potential for green hydrogen and fuel cell vehicles. By integrating network analysis and evaluation indicators, this study develops a framework to visualize the global platinum upstream supply chain, pinpoint supply-related risk areas, and assess the position of various nations in the supply chain. We conclude that there is a significant risk of disruption to the global platinum upstream supply chain. Following is a summary of the main conclusions: First, the global platinum supply network and primary platinum product trade network are both relatively sparse, with poor network connectivity, and the overall network’s risk-resistance is weak. Second, at the non-geographical production country level, the global platinum mining countries, the countries of the producing companies, and the countries of the shareholders of the producing companies are all highly concentrated. Third, the global platinum supply and demand markets are significantly divided, and South Africa holds a significantly stronger national position in the platinum supply network than any other nation, except for the national level of producing companies’ shareholders. However, the national role of South Africa in the trade network is not as strong as that of consuming countries and transit countries. The study proposes that global platinum consuming countries can reduce supply risks by increasing domestic platinum mine production, building international large-scale integrated mining corporations, and raising global supply share by investing in overseas mines.
Evolution of Fertilization-Related Genes Provides Insights Into Reproductive Health in Natural Ascrotal Mammals
Authors: Chai Simin , Tian Ran , Xu Shixia , Ren Wenhua , Yang Guang
Published: January 2023

Cryptorchidism is the failure of one or both testes to descend into the bottom of the scrotum. This common congenital malformation in humans and domestic animals is the best characterized risk factor for abnormal sperm functions and infertility. However, current treatment approaches for cryptorchidism do not ensure paternity in all cases. Some lineages of mammals (such as elephants and cetaceans) have natural ascrotal testes (i.e., undescended or incompletely descended testes) and normal sperm motility and fertility, providing an opportunity to understand the genetic basis of cryptorchidism. In this study, we showed that genes associated with sperm motility and competition/fertility in ascrotal mammals experienced frequent, strong selective pressure. The fixation of specific amino acids and positive selection in ascrotal mammals could affect the physicochemical properties and functions of fertilization-related proteins. In a comparison between mammals with undescended testes and incompletely descended testes, discrepancies in genes showing evidence for adaptive evolution and in functional enrichment suggested that multiple molecular mechanisms contribute to the maintenance of fertility in the challenging testicular environment. Our findings revealed substantial heterogeneity in the divergence of fertilization-related genes between natural scrotal and ascrotal mammals and provide insight into molecular mechanisms underlying normal sperm motility and competition in natural ascrotal mammals. We provide a detailed theoretical basis for understanding the pathology of cryptorchidism from a molecular evolutionary perspective. This study may contribute to the establishment of diagnostic and therapeutic targets for sperm motility and fertility disorders due to congenital cryptorchidism in humans and domestic animals.
Renin-angiotensin system: The underlying mechanisms and promising therapeutical target for depression and anxiety
Authors: Gong Sizhu , Deng Fang
Published: January 2023

Emotional disorders, including depression and anxiety, contribute considerably to morbidity across the world. Depression is a serious condition and is projected to be the top contributor to the global burden of disease by 2030. The role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in hypertension and emotional disorders is well established. Evidence points to an association between elevated RAS activity and depression and anxiety, partly through the induction of neuroinflammation, stress, and oxidative stress. Therefore, blocking the RAS provides a theoretical basis for future treatment of anxiety and depression. The evidence for the positive effects of RAS blockers on depression and anxiety is reviewed, aiming to provide a promising target for novel anxiolytic and antidepressant medications and/or for improving the efficacy of currently available medications used for the treatment of anxiety and depression, which independent of blood pressure management.