bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The perception of Italian diabetologists on anti-influenza and anti-diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccinations in subjects with diabetes mellitus: the AMD survey
Authors: Candido, R.
Published: May 2021

Diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased incidence of some infections and a greater severity and/or frequency of complications related to these diseases. Influenza is characterized by an increased severity of clinical course and risk of complications, especially in diabetic patients who are more susceptible to influenza infection. For these reasons, the Italian Vaccine Prevention Plan 2017-19 provides an active and free offer of influenza vaccine for the diabetic subjects. In addition, among the vaccinations recommended by the Italian Prevention Plan in adults, including the diabetes ones, there is the diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine and the decennial booster. To investigate what is the perception of Italian diabetologists on the role and importance of the influenza and the diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccines, AMD has promoted an online survey. Participants claimed to be aware of the importance of carrying out and recommending influenza vaccination, while awareness of the usefulness of performing and suggesting the decennial booster for diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis was lower. Diabetologists attribute to patients’ resistance and lack of interest in such vaccinations the main motivation for which they are not used to recommend them, even if they acknowledge that they have little knowledge about the decennial booster of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine. The survey shows that the percentage of patients with diabetes who seek advice on these vaccinations is inadequate and the diabetologists’ knowledge of the National Vaccination Prevention recommendations and the need to actively promote vaccinations is inappropriate. This survey has allowed to highlight the opinion, of a significant percentage of Italian diabetologists, on some key aspects of the vaccination therapy indicated in diabetic patient, allowing to gather important information to open a debate, to know strengths and weaknesses on this topic and implement training activities. KEY WORDS diabetes mellitus; influenza vaccine; diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine; survey.
What future for therapeutic education (TE)?
Authors: Riccio, M.
Published: May 2021

The exponential increase in cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), particularly in developing countries, is combined with the progressive failure of healthcare facilities to provide adequate assistance. The role of Therapeutic Education (TE) in the treatment of T2DM has long been certified. However, despite efforts to implement educational interventions, these have proved to be largely insufficient in meeting current needs. Diabetology – like modern medicine – has therefore been looking into digitization as a possible solution. The increasingly widespread diffusion of the Network and the means for accessing it have in fact triggered a full-fledged race to computerization, a growth that is not always consistent. TE could not get away from these new circumstances. The digital world offers opportunities for reviewing and updating TE without denying or replacing its recent and prestigious past. This new way of doing TE, however, requires attention and new skills to be acquired and tested extensively. KEY WORDS therapeutic education; health literacy; digital therapeutic education; video; social media.
Nutritional counseling: a strategical tool for the treatment of the patient with diabetes
Authors: Oliveri, E.
Published: May 2021

About 5,7% of the Italian population is affected by T2DM, reaching a prevalence of 20% in people older than 75. According to several studies, T2DM has a social value, which leads to more imbalances in people who have a lower responsiveness, a difficulty in changing consolidated habits in more suitable behaviours. In such a scenery,the adherence to the nutritional therapy is about 35%, both co-pro-tagonists shaping up to be “losers”: the discouraged professional asking himself “why doesn’t he do what I told him?”, the patient with a health condition which has not improved. The difficulty in foreground consists in supporting a complex patient with a disease which “cannot be seen or felt”, whose seriousness may not be understood. The narrations which the patient does about the Diabetes make the picture even more complex, narrations reported by friends, relatives, confirmed by “Doctor Google”, filled with incorrect and untrustworthy pieces of information. Inside this picture, it may be useful to adopt a modality of leading the meeting based on the aware and strategic employment of communication, words and relationship; these tools do not find their place within the university course of the healthcare professionals: such modality may be the Nutritional Counseling. Exploration, active listening, avoidance of the barrier modes and of the psychological reactance, choice of the appropriate questions are just a few of the communicative techniques, typical of the Nutritional Counseling, which improve the ability of establishing the relationship with the patients, raising the adherence to the nutritional therapy. Through the Nutritional Counseling techniques it becomes possible to shift from the prescription of what patients have to do, to making possible to adopt the prescriptions making them their own; this leads to a change in the perspective which allows the patients to consider the prescriptions no more as limitations to their freedom, but as loyal travel companions in a new path. KEY WORDS diabetes; complexity; relationship; nutritional counseling.
Telemedicine and COVID-19: an example of management in a territorial diabetology
Authors: Romeo, F.
Published: May 2021

The health emergency linked to the spread of COVID-19 has made it necessary to avoid travel and contact between people, forcing us to revolutionize the way we provide assistance to the chronically ill. In this short communication we report a telemedicine experience of a Piedmont territorial diabetology. KEY WORDS telemedicine; diabetes mellitus; health organization.
Treatment of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State (HHS): management in emergency area
Authors: Forte, E.
Published: May 2021

The treatment of hyperglycemia is a common issue among physicians, especially those working in the Emergency-Urgency departments. The aim of this study is to suggest a practical and immediate Operating Protocol for the management of hyperglycemia in this context. This protocol was created by the inter-society AMD-SID-SIEDP-SIMEU-SIMEUP project group set up in the Lazio Region and subsequently subjected to validation by the AMD Diabete e Inpatient Project Group. The multidisciplinary working group, after examining the literature available on PubMed, selected the most recent bibliographic sources suitable. We created this operating protocol that allows a rapid differential diagnosis of four possible scenarios (moderate/severe hyperglycemia; hyperglycemia and ketosis; hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis; hyperglycemia and hyperosmolarity) and, thanks to the quickly available flow-charts, it represents a rapid therapeutic choice for the physicians. We underline the most important lab tests to be performed and monitored and we focused, indeed, on the goals to be achieved when the patient is ready to exit the protocol. The flow charts were designed to be printed and used in the Emergency Area for quick reference. The proposed operating protocol is an attempt to simplify the therapeutic protocols present in literature for the management of hyperglycemia in the emergency setting, based on both the experience, the needs and the habits of ER physicians and diabetologists. The correct management of hyperglycemic emergencies undoubtfully leads to a reduction in patients’ morbidity and mortality and consequently to a reduction in global healthcare costs, so that we strongly believe the usefulness of this protocol. KEY WORDS diabetic ketoacidosis; hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state; management of hyperglycemic crises; emergency area.
ГРУША В ПРИУСАДЕБНОМ САДУ
Authors: Хамурзаев С.М. , Мадаев А.А. , Какиева С.С.-Э. , Хамзатова М.Х.
Published: May 2021

Груша – ценная плодовая культура. Среди семечковых культур груша после яблони занимает по площади и валовым сборам плодов второе место. Груша менее морозостойкая культура по отношению к другим семечковым плодовым породам. В этой связи в предлагаемой статье описываются такие основные значимые технологические приемы возделываемой груши, используемые в южной зоне садоводства, как выбор места, посадка, удобрения, орошение, формирование кроны, обрезка и др.
Storage Temperature and Atmosphere Alleviates Chilling Injury of Marula (Sclerocarya birrea subspecies caffra) Fruit
Authors: Agisanyang Tautsagae  , Vallantino Emongor  , Seoleseng Tshwenyane  , Cornelia Gwatidzo
Published: May 2021

Low temperature storage is the most effective technology for keeping quality and extending the postharvest life of fresh horticultural produce. However, horticultural produce of tropical and subtropical in origin such as marula fruit are susceptible to chilling injury (CI) when stored at temperatures below their critical minimum temperatures. Therefore, low temperature storage alone is not ideal for produce of tropical and subtropical in origin. The aim of this research was to elucidate the influence of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on CI of marula fruits. Storage temperature below 12ºC significantly (P < 0.05) increased CI incidence and severity, and proline content of marula fruit. Marula fruit in MAP had significantly (P < 0.05) lower electrolyte leakage than fruit stored in Air. The results further showed that marula fruit stored at 12?C in MAP had significantly longer shelf-life of 21 days than fruits in Air stored at various temperatures which had a shorter shelf life. It was concluded that marula fruits be stored in MAP at 12°C plus 90-95% RH to alleviate CI incidence and severity and maintain fruit quality and extend shelf-life.

Keywords: Marula Fruit; MAP; Chilling Injury; Proline Content; Electrolyte Leakage
Perspectives of Headteachers, Teachers, Parents and Caregivers about Early Childhood Education Program in Punjab: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Saima Malik  , Muhammad Zaheer Asghar  , Laila Khalid
Published: May 2021

This study was aimed to investigate the perspectives of headteachers, teachers, caregivers, and parents about the prevailing Early Childhood Education (ECE) program in public schools of Punjab. Participants of the study were selected through a convenient sampling technique. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 6 headteachers, 6 teachers, 3 caregivers, and 3 parents. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the collected data.  All data related to eighteen participants were coded. Clustering similar codes helped in identifying sub-categories from data. Several assertions were developed by comparing and contrasting various categories and sub-categories. The findings of this research highlighted the missing facilities of ECE in public schools i.e. separate ECE rooms, trained ECE teachers, absence of caregivers, unavailability of a separate budget for ECE, provision of ECE kit, well-equipped playgrounds, reluctant behavior of teachers as well as parents dissatisfaction with teachers’ performance.  The results of the study are useful for policymakers, administration of the Quaid-e-Azam Academy for Educational Development (QAED) to develop the program.
Understanding the Perceptions of Teachers of Sukkur IBA Community Colleges and the Teachers of Public Schools of City Shikarpur about the Curriculum Ideologies: A Comparative Study
Authors: Imran Ahmed Moriani  , Naveed Ahmad Taseer  , Amjad Ali Rind
Published: May 2021

The current study aims at understanding the perceptions of teachers about curriculum ideologies in the context of Sindh, Pakistan. A quantitative approach was employed within it the descriptive design was used. The data was collected through an adopted questionnaire developed by Schiro 2008. The sample of the study was a hundred teachers and the convenience sampling technique was adopted in this study. The data were analyzed through SPSS (SPSS) version 23.0 and percentages were calculated to know the perceptions of teachers regarding four curriculum ideologies namely scholar academic ideology, social efficiency ideology, learner-centered ideology, and social reconstruction ideology. The results revealed that learner-centered ideology was the most preferred curriculum ideology among the teachers of Five Sukkur IBA Community colleges whereas the Scholar Academic ideology has been the least favorable for them. However, Scholar Academy ideology was the most preferred, and social reconstruction ideology was the least preferred among Teachers of Public Schools of Shikarpur City.
Analisis Analisis Urgensi Kewirausahaan Berbasis Teknologi (Technopreneurship) dan Peranan Society 5.0 dalam Perspektif Ilmu Pendidikan Kewirausahaan
Authors: Arief Yanto Rukmana  , Budi Harto  , Hendra Gunawan
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini berupaya mengkaji tentang kajian deskripsi dari proses bisnis (entrepreneur) dengan menggunakan basis teknologi (Technopreneurship) dilihat dari aspek perspektif pendidikan kewirausahaan. Secara deskripsi penelitian ini akan memberikan gambaran tentang ber-entrepreneur serta usaha kecil menengah  dengan  menggunakan  teknologi. Dari segala sudut pandang, baik motivasi, kepemilikan, manajerial, ketenagakerjaan, dan sebagainya Technopreneurship dapat diedukasi melalui dunia pendidikan sebagai dunia transformasi, yaitu ilmu mengembangkan kewirausahaan dengan menggunakan basis teknologi sebagai dasar berwirausaha. Teknoprenuership merupakan pengembangan dari konsep kewirausahaan. Wirausaha adalah salah satu jawaban untuk menjawab ketimpangan antara pertumbuhan penduduk usia produktif dengan ketersediaan lapangan pekerjaan. Dunia pendidikan berkewajiban untuk dapat mencetak generasi – generasi yang memiliki kemandirian, termasuk kemandirian secara ekonomi. Sekolah, kampus juga media pendidikan informal lainnya bukan hanya berfungsi untuk berbagi ilmu dengan teori – teorinya maupun ketrampilan dengan praktek – prakteknya. Namun jika dikaitkan dengan masih rendahnya pemahaman dan minat tentang dunia wirausaha, dunia pendidikan dapat difungsikan juga sebagai media informasi untuk meningkatakan pemahaman dan minat anak didiknya pada dunia kewirausahaan. Mengkomunikasikan pentingnya teknologi dalam pengembangan entrepreneur menjadi tantangan dalam dunia pendidikan. Kajian ini diharapkan bisa menjadi rujukan dalam pengembangan pendidikan kewirausahaan. Paper ini merupakan sebuah konseptual paper yang bersumber dari data sekunder yang berasal dari publikasi terkait tema paper dan bertujuan untuk menggambarkan pentingnya mengenalkan Technopreneurship dan Society 5.0 melalui dunia pendidikan.
USULAN TOTAL BIAYA PERSEDIAAN PEREAKSI PADA LABORATORIUM KIMIA DI PT XYZ
Authors: Sundana Sambas , Resti Febriani Putri
Published: May 2021

Masalah yang dihadapi perusahaan selama  tahun 2020 terjadi stock out sebanyak tiga kali dengan total empat botol yang mengakibatkan adanya biaya tambahan berupa biaya pemesanan sedangkan tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu menghitung peramalan pereaksi kalium iodida berdasarkan data historis pemesanan, menghitung persediaan pereaksi kalium iodida menggunakan metode  economic order quantity (EOQ), dan  menghitung total biaya yang dibutuhkan untuk melakukan pemesanan pereaksi kalium iodida dalam satu tahun. Metode  Peramalan  yang dipakai yaitu Moving Average (MA, n = 3), Peramalan Moving Average (MA, n = 4), Peramalan Weighted Moving Average (WMA, n = 3), Peramalan Weighted Moving Average (WMA, n = 4), Peramalan Single Exponential Smoothing (SES, alpha = 0,5), Peramalan Single Exponential Smoothing (SES, alpha = 0,4), Peramalan Double Exponential Smoothing (DES, alpha = 0,5), Peramalan Double Exponential Smoothing (DES, alpha = 0,4), Peramalan Double Exponential Smoothing (DES, alpha = 0,4),Metode EOQ dan total biaya. Hasil yang diperoleh metode peramalan yang dipilih yaitu MA dengan n sama dengan empat, dimana peramalan yang dihasilkan menunjukkan jumlah pemesanan pereaksi tiap periode sebesar 3 botol dengan total pemesanan tahun 2021 sebanyak 36 botol,.EOQ sebanyak 9 botol,.dan Total Biaya Persediaan Pereaksi Kalium Iodida Rp. 64.577.143
PENGENDALIAN PERSEDIAN PRODUK DENGAN METODE EOQ MELALUI KONSEP SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
Authors: Wijaya M Aldi , Nugroho Suwaryo , M. Ali Pahmi  , Miftahul Imtihan
Published: May 2021

Pengendalian persediaan produk merupakan bagian dari model yang mengintegrasikan biaya pemesanan, penggunaan bahan baku per-tahun, biaya penyimpanan per-unit. Stock out menjadi persoalan krusial yang terjadi terkait tidak terpenuhi permintaan konsumen dan berakibat menurunnya penjualan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengatasi stock out pengendalian persediaan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah economic order quantity dengan strategi supply chain managament. Hasil penelitian bahwa total biaya mencapai Rp 113.946.970,00 dengan kuantitas produk agar optimal adalah 165 box, dengan reorder point sebesar 119 box. Hal ini berarti perusahaan harus memesan kembali produk sebanyak nilai reorder point dalam memenuhi permintaan branch main warehouse atau gudang-gudang cabang agar tidak menjadi hutang kirim yang berdampak pada penurunan penjualan perusahaan.
KONSEP ONE SHEET REPORT MANUAL PRODUKSI DAN PEMETAAN SIX BIG LOSSES
Authors: Pahmi M Ali
Published: May 2021

Downtime tinggi merupakan hal yang menjadi momok menakutkan bagi manufaktur, karena sangat berdampak terhadap penurunan produktivitas. Namun beberapa kendala teknis dan non teknis yang terjadi di lapangan seperti, tingkat pemahaman operator dalam membedakan faktor-faktor six big losses, clusterisasi dan segregasi data dan informasi downtime yang berdampak terhadap tingkat keakuratan data, pada saat proses input yang mengakibatkan data output yg dihasilkan tidak valid. Hal ini akan berdampak terhadap misleading data. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat konsep pelaporan data one sheet report manual yang dapat sekaligus memetakan Six Big Losses dengan menggunakan konsep TPM, dan diharapkan dapat mempermudah para pihak yang berkepentingan dalam mendapatkan data yang lebih akurat
Penggunaan Artificial Neural Network pada Sinyal Elektrokardiogram untuk Mendeteksi Penyakit Jantung Aritmia Supraventrikular
Authors: Niendy Alexandra Yosephine  , Ratnadewi
Published: May 2021

Aritmia supraventrikular adalah salah satu jenis gangguan irama jantung yang bersumber dari nodus AV atau impuls listrik di atrium, dengan keadaan jantung yang berdetak lebih cepat dari normal. Aritmia supraventrikular masih dapat diobati dengan obat tertentu sehingga akan sangat membantu penderita bila penyakit tersebut terdeteksi lebih awal. Pemrosesan sinyal elektrokardiogram (EKG) terhadap penyakit Aritmia supraventrikular perlu dilakukan untuk mendeteksi lebih awal adanya permasalahan pada jantung khususnya penyakit aritmia supraventrikular. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) digunakan untuk mendeteksi penyakit jantung Aritmia supraventrikular dan jantung normal karena kelebihannya dalam mengklasifikasi suatu data dengan tepat, proses yang singkat dan pengelolaan mandiri. Hasil akhir dalam penelitian ini didapatkan nilai tertinggi dalam keberhasilan mengklasifikasi berasal dari struktur algoritma Multi-Layer Perceptron. Nilai akurasi hasil pengujian tertinggi berasal dari metode pelatihan menggunakan Resilient Backpropagation yaitu sebesar 87,5%. Nilai specificity hasil pengujian tertinggi berasal dari metode pelatihan menggunakan Levenberg Marquard sebesar 83,3%. Nilai sensitivity hasil pengujian tertinggi berasal dari metode pelatihan menggunakan Resilient Backpropagation yaitu sebesar 100%.
Representasi Budaya Masyarakat Aceh Dalam Diaspora Jalur Transnasional Pengungsi Etnis Rohingya
Authors: Ichsan Muhammad
Published: May 2021

Masyarakat Aceh memiliki sosial budaya yang diakui global. Pasca tsunami, masyarakat Aceh telah merepresentasikan karakter yang dinamis dengan adaptasi baru yang sangat cepat. Sejak tahun 2015 hingga 2020 banyak masyarakat global yang datang melihat rekonsiliasi perdamaian serta pembangunan di Aceh. Tahun 2015 awal bagi Aceh dikenal dengan wilayah transnasional di Asia Tenggara yang menerima pengungsi etnis rohingya. Peneliti melihat perubahan dalam sosial masyarakat Aceh dalam melayani pengungsi rohingya serta berperan dalam adaptasi baru dikawasan tersibuk yaitu selat malaka. Maka peneliti akan menggunakan metode Etnografi dan Netnografi dalam mendapatkan kesimpulan bagaimana sikap masyarakat Aceh  dalam menerima pengungsi etnis rohingya tersebut.
Analisis Pentingnya Pembangunan Pendidikan Karakter Siswa Dalam Mengembangkan Kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia di SMP Muhammadiyah Surakarta
Authors: Widiastuti Ika , Muhsam Julhidayat , Cakranegara Pandu Adi
Published: May 2021

Pembangunan pendidikan karakter sangat penting dilaksanakankarena siswa tidak
hanya dididik dari segi kecerdasan intelektual saja namun dididik pula dari segi
karakter atau perilaku positif siswa. Namun pada kenyataannya banyak perilaku
negative yang dilaksanakan oleh siswa.Hal ini menjadi tugas pokok pemerintah,
pengajar, orang tua dan masyarakat untuk berperan dalam memajukan
pembangunan pendidikan karakter guna mewujudkanSDM yang bermutu. Adapun
tujuan penelitian adalah dapat mengetahui kendala dalam membentuk perilaku
positif siswa di SMP Muhammadiyah Surakarta.Metode penelitian yaitu kualitatif
yang bertujuan untuk melakukan pengamatan terhadap perilaku orang.Hasil
penelitian yaitu pelaksanaan pendidikan moral dapat mempengaruhi perilaku siswa.
Diharapkan dapat merubah dan membentukperilaku siswa menjadi lebih baik.
Diperlukan adanya kerjasama dan dukungan berbagai pihak supaya implementasi
pendidikan karakter dapat berjalan dengan efektif.
Hubungan Antara Respon Siswa Dalam Pembelajaran Atas Motivasi Belajar Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Muhsam Julhidayat , Widiastuti Ika , Cakranegara Pandu Adi
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara respon peserta didik dalam pembelajaran atas motivasi belajar siswa kelas 4 SD. Penelitian dilaksanakan di SDI Perumnas 2 Kota Kupang. Memanfaatkan metode non eksperimen. Spesime meliputi 20 peserta kelas IV SDI Perumnas 2 Kota Kupang. Instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner/angket sebanyak 20 soal dengan empat pilihan jawaban. Hubungan antara respon siswa dalam pembelajaran terhadap motivasi belajar siswa adalah terdapat hubungan yang signifikan. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan mana t hitung: 18,184 > t tabel: 2,021, sehingga Ha di terima yaitu “terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara respon siswa dalam pembelajaran terhadap motivasi belajar siswa kelas IV SDI Perumnas 2 Kota Kupang”.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Model Pembelajaran Think Pair Share Pada Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Materi Penyajian Data Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Rivai Samsiar , Mohamad Fitriyanti Dunggio
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pengaruh penggunaan model
pembelajaran think pair share terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada materi penyajian
data kelas IV Sekolah Dasar. Metode penelitian ini, menggunakan jenis kuantitatif.
Desain penelitian yang digunakan Pre-Experimental tipe one group pretest posttest.
Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu tes (pretest
dan posttest), observasi dan dokumentasi adalah penunjang. Populasi dan sampel
penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IV sebanyak 30 siswa. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata pretest sebesar 35.23 dan nilai rata-rata posttest sebesar 80,06. Uji t menggunakan taraf signifikan α = 0,05 yang menyebutkan bahwa thitung > ttabel yaitu 83.09 > 2.045, sehingga H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima. Dengan demikian disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh pengunaan model pembelajaran Think Pair Share terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada materi penyajian data kelas IV SD.
NT DISOC 93 - A nova relação entre o Tesouro Nacional (TN) e o Banco Central do Brasil (BCB): Uma discussão sobre as condições que permitiram a transferência da Reserva de Resultado (RR)
Authors: Bassi Camillo de Moraes
Published: May 2021

O Conselho Monetário Nacional (CMN) autorizou, após solicitação do Ministério da Economia (ME), a transferência de R$ 325 bilhões do Banco Central do Brasil (BCB) ao Tesouro Nacional (TN). Essa movimentação, derivada do valorparcial da reserva de resultado (RR), não foi devidamente explorada, suscitando dúvidas sobre sua fundamentação.

Esta nota técnica objetiva preencher essa lacuna, apoiando-se na Lei no 13.820/2019, que reformatou a relaçãoentre o TN e o BCB. Precisamente, abordar-se-á a pertinência, ou não, do quesito “restrição de liquidez” ao refinanciamento da dívida pública, variável que, conforme registro legal, chancelaria a movimentação em questão.

Para tanto, significar-se-á a ideia de restrição de liquidez, apoiando-se em situações que alterem, de modo substancial, a rolagem do passivo soberano, exigindo desembolsos mais frequentes por parte do TN. Concretamente, ter-se-ia a emissão de títulos com menor maturidade (em detrimento dos títulos mais longos), acentuando a indisponibilidade de recursos do “colchão de liquidez” da União.

Após esta seção introdutória, encontra-se, na segunda seção, uma exposição sobre a velha relação entre o TN e o BCB (Lei no 11.803/2008), priorizando o tratamento dado aos ativos cambiais (“equalização cambial”, como single-name), cujos resultados positivos eram, de imediato, transferidos ao TN. Na terceira seção, apresenta-se a nova relação entre o TN e o BCB (Lei nº 13.820/2019), ressaltando as mudanças introduzidas nessas transferências: sinteticamente, o imediatismo deixou de existir e os resultados (positivos) desses ativos foram direcionados à constituição de uma RR. Na quarta seção, discutem-se as condições que permitiram a movimentação da RR, segundo o critério “restrição de liquidez” à rolagem da dívida pública: Em considerações finais, na quinta seção, as conclusões da nota técnica.
Can reactogenicity predict immunogenicity after COVID-19 vaccination?
Authors: Hwang Young Hoon , Song Kyoung-Ho , Choi Yunsang , Go Suryeong , Choi Su-Jin , Jung Jongtak , Kang Chang Kyung , Choe Pyoeng Gyun , Kim Nam-Joong , Park Wan Beom , Oh Myoung-don
Published: May 2021

Background/Aims: This study aimed to assess the association between local and systemic reactogenicity and humoral immunogenicity after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination.Methods: Adverse events were prospectively evaluated using an electronic diary in 135 healthy adults who received a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (AZD1222, AstraZeneca/Oxford, n = 42; or BNT162b2, Pfizer/BioNTech, n = 93). We semi-quantitatively measured anti-S1 immunoglobulin G (IgG) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at baseline, 3 weeks after the first dose of AZD1222 or BNT162b2, and 2 weeks after the second dose of BNT162b2. We evaluated the association between the maximum grade of local or systemic adverse events and the anti-S1 IgG optical density using multivariate linear regression with adjustment for age, sex, and use of antipyretics.Results: The median age of the 135 vaccinees was 30 years (36 years in the AZD1222 group and 29 years in the BNT162b2 group) and 25.9% were male (9.5% in the AZD1222 group and 33.3% in the BNT162b2 group). Local and systemic adverse events were generally comparable after the first dose of AZD1222 and the second dose of BNT162b2. The grades of local and systemic adverse events were not significantly associated with anti-S1 IgG levels in the AZD1222 or BNT162b2 group.Conclusions: Local and systemic reactogenicity may not be associated with humoral immunogenicity after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.
Utilisation des résines échangeuses d’ions pour le nettoyage d’objets métalliques archéologiques ou historiques
Authors: Carlino Marietta , Guilminot Elodie
Published: May 2021

Les résines échangeuses d’ions sont un produit synthétisé en 1930, toujours largement utilisé principalement pour la purification de l’eau. Ce composé a déjà été utilisé dans certaines opérations de restauration. À l’heure actuelle il n’y a pas de littérature traitant des processus d’échanges qui se produisent lorsque les résines sont appliquées en restauration. Comment choisir une résine échangeuse d’ions, quelles sont les réactions d’échange ? Dans cette étude, nous nous sommes intéressées à l’élimination des carbonates de Cu en testant 2 résines anioniques et 2 résines cationiques. Ces résines diffèrent à la fois par leur matrice polymérique que par leurs groupes échangeurs.
Stay green physiological capacity of drought tolerant maize inbred lines
Authors: Epaku G.T. , Rubaihayo P. , Kagoda F. , Bomet K.D. , Badji A. , Chapu I. , Ogwal G.
Published: May 2021

Stay green is the ability of a plant to maintain photosynthetically functional green leaf area for longer periods, even under excessive water stress. This study was done to establish the physiological capacity of Ugandan drought tolerant maize inbred lines to stay green under water shortage conditions using various stay green physiological determinants. Seventy-six maize inbred lines characterised for drought tolerance by CIMMYT, were planted under a rain out shelter, with a well-watered control (WW) and excessive water-stress treatments applied at six weeks after planting (6 WAP) and eight weeks after planting (8 WAP). The most maintained stay green physiological determinants under excessive water-stress were non-photosynthetic quench (NPQt) and leaf pigmentation per unit leaf area (RC: LAUG) with inbred lines CELQ15028 and CELQ15022 showing the highest maintenance for the two parameters, respectively. The highest level of variation for quantum yield of photosystem II activity (Phi2) and NPQt among inbred lines was at 40 and 60 days after flowering, respectively. Phi2 was negatively correlated to NPQt but positively correlated to the linear electron flow (LEF); while NPQt had a significantly negative correlation with LEF. This study established that these drought tolerant maize inbred lines have moderate stay green physiological capacity, with inbred line CEL15027 performing the best.
Lidocaine, an anesthetic drug, protects Neuro2A cells against cadmium toxicity
Authors: Chen Peng , Zhang Wenyu , Li Xuefeng , Li Longyun
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To investigate the neuroprotective effect of lidocaine in Neuro2A cells

Methods: Differentiated N2a cells were used in this study. Cell viability and neuroprotection were assessed using dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and trypan blue assays, while Bax/Bcl-2 expression was assayed by western blotting. Mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species and calcium levels were measured using flow cytometry.

Results: Lidocaine protected differentiated N2a cells against cadmium-induced toxicity, and also attenuated cadmium toxicity-induced changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium (Ca2+) levels. Furthermore, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, which was disrupted by cadmium, and cadmium-induced apoptosis, were reversed by lidocaine.

Conclusion: Lidocaine protects differentiated N2a cells against cadmium-induced toxicity by reversing apoptosis. Thus, lidocaine is a potential neuroprotective agent.
Çocuklarda Akran Zorbalığı ve Benlik Saygısının İncelenmesi
Authors: POLAT KÜLCÜ Didem , ÇETİN Hacer
Published: May 2021

Amaç: Bu araştırma, çocuklarda akran zorbalığı ve benlik saygısının incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır.Yöntem: Araştırmanın örneklemini 13 ortaokul oluşturmuştur. Bu ortaokullardan evrenden örnekleme, 1052 öğrenci seçilmiştir. Veriler, “Kişisel Bilgi Formu”, “Akran Zorbalığı Belirleme Ölçeği-Ergen Formu”, “Coopersmith Benlik Saygısı Ölçeği” kullanılarak toplanmıştır.Bulgular: Araştırmada benlik saygısı puanı ortalamaları (BSPO) ile kurban olma puan ortalamaları (KOPO) arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmamıştır (p=0.431). Akran zorbalığı puan ortalamaları (AZPO) ile BSPO arasında yüksek düzeyde pozitif yönde bir ilişki vardır (p=0.012). Ayrıca KOPO ile AZPO arasında orta düzeyde pozitif yönde bir ilişki vardır (p<0.001).Sonuç: Öğrencilerin KOPO ve AZPO yüksek olduğundan, ailelerine ve okul çalışanlarına akran zorbalığı konusunda eğitim verilmeli, çocuklar yakından gözlenmeli rehberlik edilmeli, ayrıca zorba ve kurban olarak belirlenen öğrencilerin ailelerine ev ziyaretleri yapılarak sorunun kaynağı daha yakından gözlenmelidir. Öğrencilerin BSPO orta düzeyde olduğundan, benlik saygılarını yükseltecek eğitimler, kurslar, olumlu geri bildirimlerin aileler, öğretmenler ve hemşireler tarafından verilmeli ayrıca gerektiğinde rehberlik sağlanmalıdır.
Koroner Arter Bypass Greftleme Sonrası Yoğun Bakımda Uygulanabilecek Güvenli Alt Ekstremite Egzersiz Modelleri: Bisiklet Ergometresi ve Tüm Vücut Titreşimi
Authors: CÜRE Dinçer
Published: May 2021

Koroner arter bypass greftleme, koroner arter rahatsızlıklarında sıklıkla kullanılan cerrahi bir yöntemdir. Bu yöntemin uygulanma sıklığı da gün geçtikçe artmakta ve bu da bu operasyonu geçirmiş hasta sayısının artmasına ve böylece bu hastalarda, operasyon sonrası fonksiyonel ve solunumsal değerlerde ani düşüşlere yol açmaktadır. Koroner arter bypass greftleme operasyonu sonrasında hastaların yoğun bakım süreçlerinin başlamasıyla birlikte, eğer hastalar mobilize edilmezlerse, bir immobilizasyon süreci başlar ve bu da hastalarda yoğun bakım kaynaklı kas zayıflıklarına, solunumsal ve fonksiyonel problemlere yol açabilir. Bu komplikasyonların üstesinden gelebilmek için, özellikle uyutulan ve/veya mekanik ventilatöre bağlı olan hastaların, yoğun bakımdayken erken mobilizasyona katılımlarını sağlamak için Koroner arter bypass greftleme opareasyonu sonrası güvenle uygulanabilecek egzersiz modellerine ihtiyaç vardır. Hem bisiklet ergometresinin, hem de tüm vücut titreşim cihazlarının pasif egzersiz modlarının olduğu ve Koroner arter bypass greftleme operasyonundan sonra sternal önlemlerden dolayı hastaların üst ekstremitelerine getirilen kısıtlamalara uymaları gerektiği düşünüldüğünde, sadece alt ekstremiteleri çalıştırma olanağı veren bu iki egzersiz modellinin yoğun bakım hastalarına olan etkilerini araştırılması gereklilik haline gelmiştir. Bu derleme, BE ve TVT egzersiz modellerinin, KABG sonrasındaki yoğun bakım sürecinde erken mobilizasyona destek olma, katılımı artırma, immobilizasyona bağlı olarak gelişen çeşitli fiziksel ve fizyolojik komplikasyonların önüne geçmede faydalı olabileceği sonucuna varmaktadır.
Web Tabanlı Eğitimin Kardiyovasküler Hastalıkların Yönetimine Etkisi
Authors: AVCI Abdullah , GÜN Meral
Published: May 2021

Kardiyovasküler hastalıklar hem gelişmiş hem de gelişmekte olan ülkeler arasında en sık görülen mortalite ve morbidite nedeni arasında yer almaktadır. Kardiyovasküler hastalıkların kontrolü ve yönetiminde en önemli bileşenlerin hasta eğitimi ve taburculuk sonrası izlem olduğu belirtilmektedir. Davranış değişikliği ve sağlıklı bir yaşam tarzı sağlama konusunda yapılan planlı ve düzenli hasta eğitimi tedaviye uyumu, öz bakımı ve yaşam kalitesini arttırmaktadır. Geçmişte yüz yüze, kitapçık ve broşür vb. ile sınırlı olan hasta eğitimi tüm dünyada her geçen gün internet kullanan bireylerin sayısının artmasıyla birlikte web tabanlı eğitim haline getirmiştir. Web tabanlı eğitim ile zaman ve mekân kısıtlaması olmaksızın görüntülü, sesli ve yazılı iletişimin aynı anda sağlanabilmesi, tekrarlanabilir olması, aynı durumu yaşamış bireylerin deneyimlerinden faydalanmalarını sağlayan sosyal bir ortamın yaratılması ve geniş kitlelere ulaşmanın mümkün olması bu eğitim yönteminin kullanılabilirliğini ve önemini arttırmıştır. Bu derlemenin amacı web tabanlı eğitimin tasarımı ve içeriği ve web tabanlı eğitimin avantaj ve dezavantajları konusunu irdelemek ve kardiyovasküler hastalık yönetiminde web ortamında yapılan eğitimlerin etkinliğini literatür doğrultusunda değerlendirmektir.
Kraniektomi Ağrısında Proloterapi Enjeksiyon Uygulaması
Authors: BALTAOĞLU ALP Hayriye , UYAR Reşat
Published: May 2021

Suboksipital kraniektomiden sonra birçok hastada kronik ve inatçı başağrısı görülebilir. Proloterapi zayıflamış eski işlevini kaybetmiş eklemleri, kıkırdakları ligamentleri ve tendonları güçlendirmek ve tekrar eski haline getirmek için proliferant solüsyonların enjeksiyonu ile karakterize bir tedavi şeklidir. Kan dolaşımının bozulduğu pek çok dejeneratif vakada tedaviye eklenebilir. 43 yaşında bayan hasta, 8 ay önce sağ serebellar kitle tanısı ile suboksipital kraniektomi operasyonu geçirmiş. Hasta beyin cerrahi polikliniğine bulantı, kusma ve ağrı nedeniyle başvurdu. Hastaya (%15 dekstroz 20 cc+%2 lik lidokain 1cc) enjeksiyonu yapıldı. Hastanın seansları 3 hafta aralıklarla totalde 4 seans yapıldı. Ağrı skalası vizual analog skala ile değerlendirildi. Hastanın ilk proloterapi seansı sonrası ağrı şiddeti %50 azaldı, 4. Seans sonrası vizual analog skala şiddeti sıfırdı. Herhangi bir komplikasyon görülmedi. Proloterapi tekrarlayan bel cerrahisi operasyonları sonrasında da geçmeyen ağrılı durumlar da uygulanabilir.
On series integrals and continued fractions I
Authors: Ramachandra K
Published: May 2021

This paper deals with the evaluation of a certain continued fraction carried out in an attempt to prove a formula of S. Ramanujan.
Addendum and corrigendum to my paper - "One more proof of Siegel's theorem"
Authors: Ramachandra K
Published: May 2021

In the original paper we noticed a problem with the assertion $L(1,\chi_1)\neq0$ in Lemma 3 of Section 1. The problem is cleared up here. The assertions of the paper all remain valid.
Hybrid mean square of $L$-functions.
Authors: Narlikar Mangala J
Published: May 2021

This paper discusses the Dirichlet's $L$-function $L(s,\chi)$ for a character $\chi$ mod $k$, and we prove a refinement of the error term using the result on Hurwitz Zeta function, proved by the author in an earlier paper.
A Chebychev's type of prime number theorem in a short interval II.
Authors: Shituo Lou , Qi Yao
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we show that $0.969\frac{y}{\log x}\leq\pi(x)-\pi(x-y)\leq1.031\frac{y}{\log x}$, where $y=x^{\theta}, \frac{6}{11}<\theta\leq 1$ with $x$ large enough. In particular, it follows that $p_{n+1}-p_n<\!\!\!0$, where $p_n$ denotes the $n$th prime.
Some of my forgotten problems in number theory.
Authors: Erdös Paul
Published: May 2021

This is a collection of some of my lesser known, but nonetheless appealing, problems. Its main focus is on problems concerning the representation of integers as sums or products of integers from a given sequence $\{a_n\}$.
Estimate of sums of Dirichlet series
Authors: Shituo Lou , Qi Yao
Published: May 2021

This paper discusses the problem of primes in short intervals using certain analytical considerations involving mean value estimates for products of Dirichlet polynomials and series.
Notes on the Riemann zeta-function-IV
Authors: Balasubramanian R , Ramachandra K , Sankaranarayanan A
Published: May 2021

For ``good Dirichlet series'' $F(s)$ we prove that there are infinitely many poles $p_1+ip_2$ in $\Im (s)>C$ for every fixed $C>0$. Also we study the gaps between the numbers $p_2$ arranged in the non-decreasing order.
On polynomials that equal binary cubic forms.
Authors: Hooley C
Published: May 2021

Let $F(x)$ be a cubic polynomial with rational integral coefficients with the property that, for all sufficiently large integers $n,\,F(n)$ is equal to a value assumed, through integers $u, v$, by a given irreducible binary cubic form $f(u,v)=au^3+bu^2v+cuv^2+dv^3$ with rational integral coefficients. We prove that then $F(x)=f(u(x),v(x))$, where $u=u(x), v=v(x)$ are linear binomials in $x$.
A remark on a theorem of A. E. Ingham.
Authors: Bhat K G , Ramachandra K
Published: May 2021

Referring to a theorem of A. E. Ingham, that for all $N\geq N_0$ (an absolute constant), the inequality $N^3\leq p\leq(N+1)^3$ is solvable in a prime $p$, we point out in this paper that it is implicit that he has actually proved that $\pi(x+h)-\pi(x) \sim h(\log x)^{-1}$ where $h=x^c$ and $c (>\frac{5}{8})$ is any constant. Further, we point out that even this stronger form can be proved without using the functional equation of $\zeta(s)$.
Rational triangles with the same perimeter and the same area.
Authors: Choudhry Ajai
Published: May 2021

This paper is concerned with the problem of finding two or more rational triangles with the same perimeter and the same area. As the problem of finding two isosceles rational triangles with the same perimeter and same area has already been solved, in this paper we obtain several parametric solutions to the problem of finding a pair of rational triangles with the same area and perimeter when at least one of the triangles is scalene. We also show that, with certain exceptions, given an arbitrary scalene rational triangle, a second scalene rational triangle with the same perimeter and same area may be constructed, and by repeated application of this process, we may obtain an arbitrarily large number of scalene rational triangles with the same perimeter and same area.
Arithmetical investigations of particular Wynn power series
Authors: Bundschuh Peter
Published: May 2021

Using Borwein's simple analytic method for the irrationality of the $q$-logarithm at rational points, we prove a quite general result on arithmetic properties of certain series, where the entering parameters are algebraic numbers. More precisely, our main result says that $\sum_{k\ge1}\beta^k/(1-\alpha q^k)$ is not in
$\mathbb{Q}(q)$, if $q$ is an algebraic integer with all its conjugates (if any) in the open unit disc, if $\alpha\in\mathbb{Q}(q)^\times\setminus\{q^{-1},q^{-2},\ldots\}$ satisfies a mild denominator condition (implying $|q|>1$), and if $\beta$ is a unit in $\mathbb{Q}(q)$ with $|\beta|\le1$ but no other conjugates in the open unit disc.
Our applications concern meromorphic functions defined in $|z|<|u|^{a\ell}$ by power series $\sum_{n\ge1}z^n/(\prod_{0\le\lambda<\ell}R_{a(n+\lambda)+b})$, where $R_m:=gu^m+hv^m$ with non-zero $u,v,g,h$ satisfying $|u|>|v|, R_m\ne0$ for any $m\ge1$, and $a,b+1,\ell$ are positive rational integers. Clearly, the case where $R_m$ are the Fibonacci or Lucas numbers is of particular interest. It should be noted that power series of the above type were first studied by Wynn from the analytical point of view.
Finite expressions for higher derivatives of the Dirichlet L-function and the Deninger R-function
Authors: Chakraborty K , Kanemitsu S , Kuzumaki T
Published: May 2021

We show the equivalence of the finite expression of Deninger's `R-function' at the rational arguments and the Kronecker limit formula on the line of our past study on the Gauss formula for the digamma function and the Dirichlet class number formula. Here the Gauss formula and the class number formula will be replaced by its analogue for the `R-function' and by the Kronecker limit formula or rather a closed form for the derivative of the Dirichlet L-function respectively.

We also make a systematic study of the `$R_k$-function' by appealing to the Lipschitz-Lerch transcendent in which there is the vector space structure built in of these special functions.
An estimate for the Mellin transform of powers of Hardy's function.
Authors: Jutila Matti
Published: May 2021

We show that a certain modified Mellin transform $\mathcal M(s)$ of Hardy's function is an entire function. There are reasons to connect $\mathcal M(s)$ with the function $\zeta(2s-1/2)$, and then the orders of $\mathcal M(s)$ and $\zeta(s)$ should be comparable on the critical line. Indeed, an estimate for $\mathcal M(s)$ is proved which in the particular case of the critical line coincides with the classical estimate of the zeta-function.
On the Mellin transforms of powers of Hardy's function.
Authors: Ivić Aleksandar
Published: May 2021

Various properties of the Mellin transform function
$$\mathcal{M}_k(s):= \int_1^{\infty} Z^k(x)x^{-s}\,dx$$
are investigated, where $$Z(t):=\zeta(\frac{1}{2}+it)\,\chi(\frac{1}{2}+it)^{-1/2},~~~~\zeta(s)=\chi(s)\zeta(1-s)$$
is Hardy's function. Connections with power moments of $|\zeta(\frac{1}{2}+it)|$ are established, and natural boundaries of $\mathcal{M}_k(s)$ are discussed.
On Ramachandra's Contributions to Transcendental Number Theory
Authors: Waldschmidt Michel
Published: May 2021

The first part of this paper is a survey on Ramachandra's contribution to transcendental number theory included in his 1968 paper in Acta Arithmetica. It includes a discussion of pseudo-algebraic points of algebraically additive functions. The second part deals with applications to density statements related with a conjecture due to B.~Mazur. The next part is a survey of other contributions of Ramachandra to transcendence questions (on the numbers $2^{\pi^k}$, a note on Baker's method, an easy transcendence measure for $e$). Finally, related open questions are raised.
K. Ramachandra : Reminiscences of his Students.
Authors: Sankaranarayanan A , Narlikar Mangala J , Srinivas K , Bhat K G
Published: May 2021

This article contains obituary notes written by friends of K. Ramachandra who was one of the founding editors of the Hardy Ramanujan Journal.
Book review : Lectures on the Riemann Zeta Function, by Henryk Iwaniec
Authors: Perelli Alberto
Published: May 2021

Lectures on the Riemann Zeta Function, by Henryk Iwaniec, University Lecture Series, Volume: 62, American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 2014, viii+119 pp., Softcover, ISBN 978-1-4704-1851.
On-Regular Bipartitions Modulo $m$
Authors: Somashekara D D , Vidya K N
Published: May 2021

Let $b_l (n)$ denote the number of $l$-regular partitions of $n$ and $B_l (n)$ denote the number of $l$-regular bipartitions of $n$. In this paper, we establish several infinite families of congruences satisfied by $B_l (n)$ for $l \in {2, 4, 7}$. We also establish a relation between $b_9 (2n)$ and $B_3 (n)$.
On certain sums over ordinates of zeta-zeros II
Authors: Bondarenko Andriy , Ivić Aleksandar , Saksman Eero , Seip Kristian
Published: May 2021

Let γ denote the imaginary parts of complex zeros ρ = β + iγ of ζ(s). The problem of analytic continuation of the function $G(s) :=\sum_{\gamma >0} {\gamma}^{-s}$ to the left of the line $\Re{s} = −1 $ is investigated, and its Laurent expansion at the pole s = 1 is obtained. Estimates for the second moment on the critical line $\int_{1}^{T} {| G (\frac{1}{2} + it) |}^2 dt $ are revisited. This paper is a continuation of work begun by the second author in [Iv01].
Integral points on circles
Authors: Schinzel A , Skalba M
Published: May 2021

Sixty years ago the first named author gave an example \cite{sch} of a circle passing through an arbitrary number of integral points. Now we shall prove: {\it The number $N$ of integral points on the circle $(x-a)^2+(y-b)^2=r^2$ with radius $r=\frac{1}{n}\sqrt{m}$, where $m,n\in\mathbb Z$, $m,n>0$, $\gcd(m,n^2)$ squarefree and $a,b\in\mathbb Q$ does not exceed $r(m)/4$, where $r(m)$ is the number of representations of $m$ as the sum of two squares, unless $n|2$ and $n\cdot (a,b)\in\mathbb Z^2$; then $ N\leq r(m)$}.
Some New Congruences for l-Regular Partitions Modulo 13, 17, and 23
Authors: Abinash S , Kathiravan T , Srilakshmi K
Published: May 2021

A partition of n is l-regular if none of its parts is divisible by l. Let b l (n) denote the number of l-regular partitions of n. In this paper, using theta function identities due to Ramanujan, we establish some new infinite families of congruences for b l (n) modulo l, where l = 17, 23, and for b 65 (n) modulo 13.
On the Galois group of Generalised Laguerre polynomials II
Authors: Laishram Shanta , G. Nair Saranya , Shorey T. N.
Published: May 2021

For real number $\alpha,$ Generalised Laguerre Polynomials (GLP) is a family of polynomials defined by$$L_n^{(\alpha)}(x)=(-1)^n\displaystyle\sum_{j=0}^{n}\binom{n+\alpha}{n-j}\frac{(-x)^j}{j!}.$$These orthogonal polynomials are extensively studied in Numerical Analysis and Mathematical Physics. In 1926, Schur initiated the study of algebraic properties of these polynomials. We consider the Galois group of Generalised Laguerre Polynomials $L_n^{(\frac{1}{2}+u)}(x)$ when $u$ is a negative integer.