bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing a safety climate tool adapted to address respiratory illnesses in Canadian hospitals
Authors: Jiang Lili , Muller Matthew , McGeer Allison , Simor Andrew , Holness D. Linn , Coleman Kristy K.L. , Katz Kevin , Loeb Mark , McNeil Shelly , Nichol Kathryn , Powis Jeff , Coleman Brenda L.
Published: October 2024

Background:

Studies have shown an association between workplace safety climate scores and patient outcomes. This study aimed to investigate (1) performance of the hospital safety climate scale that was adapted to assess acute respiratory illness safety climate, (2) factors associated with safety climate scores, and (3) whether the safety scores were associated with following recommended droplet and contact precautions.

Methods:

A survey of Canadian healthcare personnel participating in a cohort study of influenza during the 2010/2011–2013/2014 winter seasons. Factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used for analyses.

Results:

Of the 1359 participants eligible for inclusion, 88% were female and 52% were nurses. The adapted items loaded to the same factors as the original scale. Personnel working on higher risk wards, nurses, and younger staff rated their hospital’s safety climate lower than other staff. Following guidelines for droplet and contact precautions was positively associated with ratings of management support and absence of job hindrances.

Conclusion:

The adapted tool can be used to assess hospital safety climates regarding respiratory pathogens. Management support and the absence of job hindrances are associated with hospital staff’s propensity and ability to follow precautions against the transmission of respiratory illnesses.
Self-similar solution for laminar bubbly flow evolving from a vertical plate
Authors: Valle N. , Haverkort J.W.
Published: October 2024

The development of a bubble plume from a vertical gas-evolving electrode is driven by buoyancy and hydrodynamic bubble dispersion. This canonical fluid mechanics problem is relevant for both thermal and electrochemical processes. We adopt a mixture model formulation for the two-phase flow, considering variable density (beyond Boussinesq), viscosity and hydrodynamic bubble dispersion. Introducing a new change of coordinates, inspired by the Lees–Dorodnitsyn transformation, we obtain a new self-similar solution for the laminar boundary layer equations. The results predict a wall gas fraction and gas plume thickness that increase with height to the power of 1/5 before asymptotically reaching unity and scaling with height to the power 2/5, respectively. The vertical velocity scales with height to the power of 3/5. Our analysis shows that self-similarity is only possible if gas conservation is entirely formulated in terms of the gas specific volume instead of the gas fraction.
Linear instability of viscous parallel shear flows: revisiting the perturbation no-slip condition
Authors: Dabiri John O. , Leonard Anthony
Published: October 2024

Linear stability analysis currently fails to predict turbulence transition in canonical viscous flows. We show that two alternative models of the boundary condition for incipient perturbations at solid walls produce linear instabilities that could be sufficient to explain turbulence transition. In many cases, the near-wall behaviour of the discovered instabilities is empirically indistinguishable from the classical no-slip condition. The ability of these alternative boundary conditions to predict linear instabilities that are consistent with turbulence transition suggests that the no-slip condition may be an overly simplified model of fluid–solid interface physics, particularly as a description of the flow perturbations that lead to turbulence transition in wall-bounded flows.
Description of a new Ornithodoros (Pavlovskyella) (Ixodida: Argasidae) tick species from Pakistan
Authors: Ali Abid , Khan Mehran , Numan Muhammad , Alouffi Abdulaziz , Almutairi Mashal M. , Pienaar Ronel , de Castro Minique H. , Chitimia-Dobler Lidia , Muñoz-Leal Sebastián , Mans Ben J.
Published: October 2024

The genus Ornithodoros is notably diverse within the family Argasidae, comprising approximately 134 species distributed among 4 subgenera, 1 of which is the subgenus Pavlovskyella. In an earlier study, we identified distinct soft ticks as Ornithodoros (Pavlovskyella) sp., which were collected from animal shelters in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Providing additional collections from that same locality and a comprehensive analysis involving detailed morphological and mitogenome-based comparisons with closely related species, this study formally designates a novel species for these specimens. Adults and late-instar nymphs of the new species display a dorsoventral groove, small cheeks not covering the capitulum, 5 small even humps on tarsus I and a transverse postanal groove intersecting the median postanal groove perpendicularly. It also lacks a tuft of setae on the ventral surface of the hood which separates the novel species from Ornithodoros papillipes. Ventral chaetotaxy of tarsus IV indicates 4–7 setal pairs in nymphs and 5–7 pairs in adults that separate the new species from Ornithodoros tholozani sensu stricto and Ornithodoros crossi, 2 morphologically closely related species that occur in geographical proximity. Phylogenetic analyses of the full-length mitochondrial genome and the 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA genes, combined with pairwise nucleotide comparisons of cox1, cox2, atp8, atp6, cox3, nad3, nad5, nad4, nad4L, nad6, cytb, nad1, nad2, 12S rDNA, 16S rDNA, 18S rDNA and 28S rDNA further support that the new species belongs to the Pavlovskyella subgenus, clustering with O. tholozani, Ornithodoros verrucosus and Ornithodoros tartakovskyi.
Stød and stress location in Danish: A nonce word study
Authors: Høeg Annika
Published: October 2024

In Danish, the distribution of stød exhibits a pattern related to the position of the stressed syllable. Some phonological theories of stød, e.g. Basbøll (2005), consider stød on the antepenultimate or ultimate syllable, and non-stød on the penultimate syllable, to be the default. This article reports on a production study with nonce words, investigating the distributional pattern of stød in relation to the position of the stressed syllable in monomorphemic nonce words. Ten speakers were asked to pronounce 336 nonce words with stress on either the ultimate, penultimate, or antepenultimate syllable. The results showed that stød on ultimate stressed syllables and non-stød on penultimate stressed syllables replicates in nonce words, but stød on antepenultimate stressed syllables does not. This suggests that stød in antepenultimate stressed words is not the default, but lexical.
Mpox in UK households: estimating secondary attack rates and factors associated with transmission, May–November 2022
Authors: Packer Simon , Patrzylas Piotr , Merrick Rachel , Sawyer Clare , McAuley Andrew , Crowe William , Armstrong Gillian , Green Leonardo , Findlater Lucy , Turner Charlie , Edeghere Obaghe , Anderson Charlotte
Published: October 2024

We aimed to estimate the secondary attack rate of mpox among UK household contacts and determine factors associated with transmission to inform public health management of contacts, during the global outbreak in 2022. Information was collected via NHS and public health services and included age, gender, place of residence, setting, and type of contact. Aggregate information was summarized for the UK. Record level data was combined for England, Wales and Northern Ireland, and multivariable logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with transmission. The secondary attack rate among UK household mpox contacts was 4% (60/1 526). Sexual contact with the index case was associated with a 11-fold increase in adjusted odds of becoming a case in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland (95% CI 5.5–22, p < 0.001). Household contacts outside of London had increased odds compared to London residents (adjusted OR 2.9, 95%CI 1.6–5.4, p < 0.001), while female contacts had reduced odds of becoming a case (aOR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.15–0.95). We found a low overall secondary attack rate among household mpox contacts with strong evidence of increased transmission risk associated with sexual contact. This evidence will inform the risk assessment of contacts and support prioritization of those with close intimate contact for follow up.
Risk factors for COVID-19 transmission in England: a multilevel modelling study using routine contact tracing data
Authors: Moore Hannah L. , Turner Charlie , Rawlinson Chris , Chen Cong , Verlander Neville Q. , Anderson Charlotte , Hughes Gareth J.
Published: October 2024

Contact tracing for COVID-19 in England operated from May 2020 to February 2022. The clinical, demographic and exposure information collected on cases and their contacts offered a unique opportunity to study secondary transmission. We aimed to quantify the relative impact of host factors and exposure settings on secondary COVID-19 transmission risk using 550,000 sampled transmission links between cases and their contacts. Links, or ‘contact episodes’, were established where a contact subsequently became a case, using an algorithm accounting for incubation period, setting, and contact date. A mixed-effects logistic regression model was used to estimate adjusted odds of transmission. Of sampled episodes, 8.7% resulted in secondary cases. Living with a case (71% episodes) was the most significant risk factor (aOR = 2.6, CI = 1.9–3.6). Other risk factors included unvaccinated status (aOR = 1.2, CI = 1.2–1.3), symptoms, and older age (66–79 years; aOR = 1.4, CI = 1.4–1.5). Whilst global COVID-19 strategies emphasized protection outside the home, including education, travel, and gathering restrictions, this study evidences the relative importance of household transmission. There is a need to reconsider the contribution of household transmission to future control strategies and the requirement for effective infection control within households.
A Fuller Great Salt Lake Would Likely Narrow an Environmental Health Gap
Authors: van Deelen Grace
Published: October 2024

Pacific Islander and Hispanic residents of Salt Lake City would benefit most from higher lake levels and reduced dust pollution.
Resting energy expenditure during spinal cord injury rehabilitation and utility of fat-free mass-based energy prediction equations: a pilot study
Authors: Nevin Amy N. , Atresh Sridhar S. , Vivanti Angela , Ward Leigh C. , Hickman Ingrid J.
Published: October 2024

Study design

Longitudinal observational study. Measurements were undertaken between weeks 4–6 post-spinal cord injury (SCI), repeated at week 8 and every 4 weeks thereafter until week 20 or rehabilitation discharge, whichever occurred first.

Objectives

Observe variation in measured resting energy expenditure (REE) and body composition in males undergoing SCI rehabilitation, compare REE with SCI-specific prediction equations incorporating fat-free mass (FFM), and explore the prevalence of clinical factors that may influence individual REE.

Setting

Spinal Injuries Unit, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

Methods

Indirect calorimetry was used to measure REE and bioimpedance spectroscopy to assess body composition. Four SCI-specific FFM-based REE and basal metabolic rate (BMR) prediction equations were compared to measured REE. A clinically significant change in REE was defined as +/− 10% difference from the week 4–6 measurement. Clinical factors that may affect REE variations were collected including infection, pressure injuries, autonomic dysreflexia, spasticity, and medications.

Results

Fifteen people participated (mean age 35 ± 13 years, 67% paraplegic). There was no statistically significant change in mean REE, weight, or body composition, and the Chun and Nightingale BMR prediction equations performed best (rc > 0.8 at all time points). One-third of participants had >10% change in REE on 11 occasions, with clinical factors not consistently associated with the observed changes.

Conclusion

During SCI rehabilitation, mean REE, weight, and body composition remain unchanged, and FFM-based BMR prediction equations may be an acceptable alternative to indirect calorimetry. Future research designs should avoid single indirect calorimetry measures as snapshot data may not represent typical REE in this population.
Household electricity consumption prediction using database combinations, ensemble and hybrid modeling techniques
Authors: Ramnath Gaikwad Sachin , Harikrishnan R. , Muyeen S. M. , Kotecha Ketan
Published: October 2024

Household electricity consumption (HEC) is changing over time, depends on multiple factors, and leads to effects on the prediction accuracy of the model. The objective of this work is to propose a novel methodology for improving HEC prediction accuracy. This study uses two original datasets, namely questionnaire survey (QS) and monthly consumption (MC), which contain data from 225 consumers from Maharashtra, India. The original datasets are combined to create three additional datasets, namely QS + MC, QS equation (QsEq) + next month’s consumptions, and QsEq + MC. Furthermore, the HEC prediction accuracy is boosted by applying different approaches, like correlation methods, feature engineering techniques, data quality assessment, heterogeneous ensemble prediction (HEP), and the hybrid model. Five HEP models are created using dataset combinations and machine learning algorithms. Based on the MC dataset, the random forest provides the best prediction of RMSE (36.18 kWh), MAE (25.73 kWh), and R2 (0.76). Similarly, QsEq + MC dataset adaptive boosting provides a better prediction of RMSE (36.77 kWh), MAE (26.18 kWh), and R2 (0.76). This prediction accuracy is further increased using the proposed hybrid model to RMSE (22.02 kWh), MAE (13.04 kWh), and R2 (0.92). This research work benefits researchers, policymakers, and utility companies in obtaining accurate prediction models and understanding HEC.
A cofactor-induced repressive type of transcription factor condensation can be induced by synthetic peptides to suppress tumorigenesis
Authors: Tang Yang , Chen Fan , Fang Gemin , Zhang Hui , Zhang Yanni , Zhu Hanying , Zhang Xinru , Han Yi , Cao Zhifa , Guo Fenghua , Wang Wenjia , Ye Dan , Ju Junyi , Tan Lijie , Li Chuanchuan , Zhao Yun , Zhou Zhaocai , An Liwei , Jiao Shi
Published: October 2024

Transcriptional factors (TFs) act as key determinants of cell death and survival by differentially modulating gene expression. Here, we identified many TFs, including TEAD4, that form condensates in stressed cells. In contrast to YAP-induced transcription-activating condensates of TEAD4, we found that co-factors such as VGLL4 and RFXANK alternatively induced repressive TEAD4 condensates to trigger cell death upon glucose starvation. Focusing on VGLL4, we demonstrated that heterotypic interactions between TEAD4 and VGLL4 favor the oligomerization and assembly of large TEAD4 condensates with a nonclassical inhibitory function, i.e., causing DNA/chromatin to be aggregated and entangled, which eventually impede gene expression. Based on these findings, we engineered a peptide derived from the TEAD4-binding motif of VGLL4 to selectively induce TEAD4 repressive condensation. This “glue” peptide displayed a strong antitumor effect in genetic and xenograft mouse models of gastric cancer via inhibition of TEAD4-related gene transcription. This new type of repressive TF phase separation exemplifies how cofactors can orchestrate opposite functions of a given TF, and offers potential new antitumor strategies via artificial induction of repressive condensation.
Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Zhe , Feng Chuang , Wu Junying , He Zhicai
Published: October 2024

Organic solar cells represent a new type of solar technology, offering the advantages of light weight, flexibility and low production costs, with great potential for providing clean energy in the near future. This chapter first focuses on the development, the working principle and basic operating parameters of organic solar cells (OSCs). Then, the device structure and active materials of OSCs are explained in detail, along with the dynamic process involving photogenerated carriers in the device. Finally, the chapter explores the applications and future development directions of OSCs.
Macromolecular Transition-metal Acetylides as Highly Efficient Optical Power Limiting Materials with High Transparency
Authors: Sun Yuling , Chen Xi , Zhou Guijiang
Published: October 2024

In the field of nonlinear optics, optical power limiting (OPL) materials are generally recognized as an important class of materials that can protect sophisticated optical sensors or the human eye from sudden damage on sudden exposure to intense laser beams. In recent years, researchers in the nonlinear optical field have proposed developing organometallic acetylide complexes, dendrimers and polymers as the next generation of high-performance OPL materials to strike a balance between optical limiting transparency and activity. These novel OPL materials have good solution processability and outperform current state-of-the-art visible light absorbing competitors such as fullerenes, metalloporphyrins and metallophthalocyanines, providing a new avenue for a new family of highly transparent homogeneous and heterogeneous metallic optical limiters. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a detailed description of the recent advances in these novel OPL polymetallaynes. Their OPL activities strongly depend on the electronic properties of aryleneethynylene ligands and transition metal centers along with the conjugated length of the backbones of the polymetallaynes. Strategies, such as copolymerization with other transition metal ions, changing the structural geometry, using dendritic skeletons, and varying the type and content of transition metal ions, etc., strongly influence their photophysical behavior and improve the resulting OPL response. The focus has been on the relationship between the structure of these polymetallaynes and their OPL response. This chapter also describes the research work conducted to fabricate practical OPL devices based on these materials.
Optoelectronic Polymers for Phototransistor Memory Devices
Authors: Lin Yan-Cheng , Chen Chun-Chi , Jiang Guo-Hao , Chan Julian M. W. , Liu Cheng-Liang
Published: October 2024

Organic optoelectronic polymers have been extensively utilized in organic field-effect transistor memories due to their solution processability, favorable mechanical properties, and diverse macromolecular structures. Recently, research interest in organic field-effect transistor memories has shifted towards photoprogramming as it holds considerable promise for multibit data storage, light-assisted encryption, low energy consumption, and broad-band response to various optical stimuli. Phototransistor memory can be modulated not only by electrical stress but also by light illumination, thus offering orthogonal operating methods free from mutual interference. In this chapter, we review the fundamental design concepts, criteria, and architectures of organic field-effect transistor memory devices. Design strategies such as floating gate incorporation, polymer electret-based charge storage, and electret-free device fabrication, are systematically categorized. The operating mechanisms and the impact of rationally engineering different combinations of channels and electrets are reviewed to provide a fundamental understanding of organic nonvolatile memory technologies and their future outlook. Additionally, we also highlight key recent advances in synaptic phototransistor research. All in all, this chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the recent developments in transistor memories and phototransistors.
Unveiling the impact of enhanced hydrophobicity of ZIF-71 on butanol purification: insights from experimental and molecular simulations
Authors: Tiempos-Flores Norma , Arillo-Flores Oscar I. , Hernández-Fernández Eugenio , Ovando-Medina Victor M. , Garza-Navarro Marco A. , Pioquito-García Sandra , Davila-Guzman Nancy E.
Published: October 2024

The incorporation of bromide atoms into ZIF-71 significantly enhances its hydrophobicity, leading to a preference for acetone adsorption over butanol.
Data fusion of spectral and acoustic signals in LIBS to improve the measurement accuracy of carbon emissions at varying gas temperatures
Authors: Chai Shu , Ren Jie , Jiang Suming , Li Aochen , Zhao Ziqing , Peng Haimeng , Zhang Qiwen , Wu Wendong
Published: October 2024

A novel mid-level data fusion method integrating spectral and acoustic signals of laser-induced plasmas was proposed to improve the measurement accuracy of carbon concentrations in flue gas at varying gas temperatures.
Anomalous size dependence of the coercivity of nanopatterned CrGeTe3
Authors: Noah Avia , Fridman Nofar , Zur Yishay , Klang Maya , Herrera Edwin , Moreno Jose Antonio , Huber Martin E. , Suderow Hermann , Steinberg Hadar , Millo Oded , Anahory Yonathan
Published: October 2024

Contrary to conventional nanoparticle, we report an increasing coercivity of magnetic nanoparticles with decreasing size. Our results show that the anomaly in coercivity can be attributed to a magnetic edge state.
Redox condensation of o-halonitrobenzenes, sulfur and isothiocyanates: access to 2-aminobenzothiazoles
Authors: Nguyen Le Anh , Mac Dinh Hung , Retailleau Pascal , Nguyen Thanh Binh
Published: October 2024

A step- and redox-economical synthesis of 2-aminobenzothiazoles was developed based on redox condensation of elemental sulfur, isothiocyanates and o-halonitrobenzenes in the presence of N-methylpiperidine as a base in N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one.
Optimizing mitochondrial-targeting groups of positively-charged BODIPY nanoparticles for enhanced photodynamic therapy
Authors: Qi Huixuan , Qu Ruobing , Shen Jiaping , Wen Hui , Yuan Chunyu , Lin Wenhai , Sun Tingting , Li Min
Published: October 2024

1-Methylimidazole-modified BODIPY nanoprobes were developed for highly efficient mitochondrial targeting and enhanced photo dynamic therapy.
Fully conjugated tetraborylethylene: selenium mediated C–C double bond formation from diborylcarbenoid
Authors: Shibutani Yuki , Kusumoto Shuhei , Nozaki Kyoko
Published: October 2024

A novel fully conjugated tetraborylethylene was synthesized by selenium-mediated dimerization of diborylcarbene. π-withdrawing nature of boryl groups afforded long CC bond, low-lying LUMO, and stabilization of the excited triplet state.
A pocket artificial buzzing system for the trumpet
Authors: Fréour Vincent , Fujita Kazuhiro , Arimoto Keita
Published: October 2024

Artificial playing systems are very useful tools to study musical instruments, to compare experiments with simulations, develop and validate new numerical models. Indeed, by replicating the action of the player, they allow some precise control over playing parameters, while making it possible to monitor physical quantities that can be quite difficult to record on human players. They may also find other applications such as quality control, music pedagogy, or artistic applications. In this article, we present an artificial buzzing system based on two silicone-type artificial lips that enables realistic trumpet sounds to be produced with minimal adjustments from the user. It is also compact and portable, which makes it potentially versatile for different applications.
Opportunities to Increase the Energy Efficiency of Reservoirs and Hydroelectric Power Plants Using Wind Energy Technologies
Authors: Saloydinov Sardorjon , Zakhidov Romen , Umarov Suhrob , Joshi Lokesh
Published: October 2024

The development of technology to stabilize and increase the energy efficiency of hydroelectric power plants in water reservoirs using wind energy technologies represents a significant advancement in renewable energy integration. This study explores the synergistic use of wind turbines and hydroelectric systems to enhance energy production and operational stability. The methodology involved the integration of wind turbines with the existing hydroelectric power infrastructure in water reservoirs. Computational models were used to simulate the combined energy output and assess the performance under various environmental conditions. Additionally, field tests were conducted in a controlled environment to validate the computational models and determine the optimal configuration for maximum efficiency. The stabilization of energy production was also observed, reducing the variability caused by fluctuations in water flow. These results were consistent across different test sites, demonstrating the robustness of the integrated system. By leveraging wind energy to complement hydroelectric power, the proposed technology not only increases energy efficiency but also contributes to a more stable and resilient power grid. This advancement supports the global transition towards cleaner energy sources and offers a viable solution to the challenges faced by standalone renewable energy systems.
Econometric Model of Electric Power Sector’s Development in Uzbekistan
Authors: Saitkamolov Muhammadkhuja , Ilkhamova Yodgorkhon
Published: October 2024

The article is aimed at building an econometric model of sustainable development in the energy system of Uzbekistan. The peculiarities of the organizational and economic mechanism are analyzed. The paper locates the place of the sustainable development mechanism in the system of functioning of an industrial enterprise in today’s digital economy. We analyze the Concept Note on the Provision of Electricity in the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2020-2030 and adopted legislative acts of the country. Factors influencing the implementation of major programs for the development of thermal power plants are identified and recommendations are given for their use for the further progress of the energy industry. The article gives directions for sustainable development of energy system in Uzbekistan in the period of 2022-2026.
Modernization of the Heating System in Uzbekistan: Transition to Energy-Efficient and Sustainable Green Technologies
Authors: Isroilova Bakhtijon , Usmanova Lobar , Saidvalieva Dilafruz
Published: October 2024

The article examines the problems and prospects of modernization of the heating system in Uzbekistan in the context of the transition to a green economy. The authors analysed the current state of the heating system and proposed solutions aimed at increasing its efficiency through the introduction of innovative green technologies, such as solar collectors and other renewable energy sources. The study substantiates the need to use energy-saving technologies and improve the energy efficiency of buildings to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels and lower greenhouse gas emissions. Calculations of the economic efficiency of the proposed measures, including an assessment of the return on investment, are carried out. Recommendations are given for the development and support of green technologies in the heating sector at the state level.
The Impact of Organic Agriculture on the Development of Green Economy: The Case of Turkiye
Authors: Gül Mevlüt , Kadakoğlu Bektaş
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the influence of organic agriculture on the sustainable economy in Turkiye. The green economy is an economic framework that seeks to enhance long-term human well-being by mitigating environmental hazards and promoting social equity. The strategy plan devised by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry in Turkiye outlined seven objectives for the green economy, with five specifically targeting organic agriculture. This study has investigated the global expansion of organic agriculture and found a significant rise in the size of organic farming regions in recent years. An analysis of the progress of organic agriculture in Turkiye, revealing a notable expansion in organic agricultural areas. However, it was observed that this trend has declined over the past five years. The analysis revealed a rise in the backing for organic farming in Turkiye, along with noticeable diversification. The level of support for organic agriculture is established based on the product certificate, and the amount supplied varies by product category. Therefore, organic agriculture plays a vital role in the development of Turkiye’s green economy. To advance organic agriculture, it is crucial to enhance consumers’ and producers’ understanding of the concept of the green economy. Furthermore, it is imperative to broaden the scope of the existing assistance and offer monetary aid to farmers as they transition to organic farming.
Dividing Social Networks into Two Communities Using the Maximum Likelihood Method: Application to ESG
Authors: Zakhidov Dilshodbek , Sagdillayeva Zulfiya , Moursy Ali R.A.
Published: October 2024

This article explores the application of the Maximum Likelihood Estimation method (MLE) for community detection in environmental, social, and governance (ESG) networks. ESG factors are important in assessing the sustainability and ethical impact of investments. By understanding the structure of social networks that discuss and promote ESG practices, we can gain important insights. It proposes a probabilistic framework for identifying community structures by dividing the network into two distinct groups based on connectivity patterns using the MLE method. The network structure is analyzed, and the method identifies groups of united organizations such as companies, investors, and NGOs with similar ESG orientations and interaction patterns. The results reveal important insights into how ESG information flows within and between these communities, highlighting key influencers and central nodes whose connections play a key role in the diffusion of ESG practices. These conclusions can be important in developing targeted communication strategies, identifying potential opportunities for cooperation, and forming informed investment decisions. By providing a solid framework for analyzing ESG networks, this paper is relevant to a broader understanding of ESG dynamics and supports the development of a more sustainable and interconnected global ecosystem.
Life Cycle Analysis of a Renovation Project for Old Housing in Tashkent to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Authors: Makhmudov Elyor , Zavaleeva Anna , Zavaleev Ilya , Berdimurodov Akmal
Published: October 2024

The shift towards economic decarbonization through the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions has led to a focus on renovating and modernizing the existing buildings rather than constructing new ones. This research emphasizes the critical differences between the construction of new buildings and the modernization of the existing structures, specifically in the context of Uzbekistan. The country lacks a comprehensive methodology for accounting for the embodied carbon of building materials used in modernization projects. This research aims to bridge this gap by conducting a life cycle analysis (LCA) of a project focused on enhancing the thermal performance of the enclosing structures of a three to five-story multifamily residential building, commonly referred to as “Khrushchevka”. The analysis found that retrofitting buildings reduced greenhouse gas emissions by 13.5% through improved energy efficiency, despite the increase in initial emissions associated with the production and installation of insulation materials. The total reduction in carbon emissions over the entire life cycle of the reconstructed building was 24% (or 43.2 tons of CO₂), including emissions associated with the production of insulation. The payback period for emissions, which offsets the initial emissions during reconstruction, is 17 years.
Еcоlоgicаl Prоblеms of Public Spаcеs in a Mоdеrn Citу Cеntеr
Authors: Guljаzirа Sеrееvа , Оripоvа Sаrvinоz , Pоlоtоvа Zilоlа , Khodjimukhamedova Shakhida
Published: October 2024

The article examines the main environmental problems of public spaces in the central areas of modern cities. It analyzes key aspects such as air pollution, lack of green areas, waste management problems and noise pollution, which significantly worsen the ecological state of the urban environment and negatively affect the quality of life of the population. Based on the conducted research, possible solutions to these problems are proposed, including the development of green infrastructure, optimization of traffic flows and the introduction of environmentally friendly technologies in urban planning. Particular attention is paid to the importance of the participation of the public, government bodies and environmental organizations in solving these issues. International experience in the transformation of urban public spaces is given, demonstrating successful examples of an integrated approach to their sustainable development. The results can be used in the development of strategies and measures to improve the environmental situation in cities.
The Effectiveness of Environmental Sustainability in the Development of Teacher Creativity and Student Engagement Skills
Authors: Khodjakulova Nargiza , Miceikiene Astrida
Published: October 2024

This study examines the efficacy of incorporating environmental sustainability principles into educational settings to promote the cultivation of critical listening competencies in students. It comprehensively explores the impact of teacher creativity and student engagement on the development of these skills. The research uses both qualitative and quantitative methods to identify the mechanisms through which environmental education contributes to the improvement of students’ cognitive abilities. The main findings of the study indicate that environmental sustainability programs can significantly increase students’ critical listening skills, promoting their comprehensive development. The results highlight the potential of environmental sustainability as a multifunctional tool for improving educational practices.
Patient-centered pregnancy planning in multiple sclerosis: evidence for a new era
Authors: Melo Elisa Matias Vieira de , Rodrigues Bruno Cassis Antunes , Cabral Felipe Teijeiro , Villarim Luíza Alves Monteiro Torreão , Mendes Maria Fernanda
Published: October 2024

A few decades ago, women diagnosed with multiple sclerosis were discouraged from becoming pregnant. However, with new knowledge about the disease and treatments, this recommendation has changed, and it is pregnancy after the diagnosis of the disease is no longer contraindicated, with family planning being essential in this process. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the family planning process for people with multiple sclerosis.
14 Bioorthogonal Strategies for the Uncaging and Assembly of Drugs
Authors: Adam C. , Lorente-Macías Á. , Croke S. , Unciti-Broceta A.
Published: October 2024

The bioorthogonal synthesis of drugs offers a unique opportunity for targeting — either molecularly, spatiotemporally or both — the delivery of active compounds directly to the disease site. Problems such as unfavorable pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles and dose-limiting side effects can be mitigated with the careful deployment of the tools of biorthogonal chemistry. In order to access medicinal applications, researchers have developed groundbreaking new chemistries for the caging and uncaging, assembly, and molecular targeting of a wide range of clinically approved drugs. This review presents notable examples of bioorthogonal drug synthesis that have emerged from the two main branches of the bioorthogonal field: organic click chemistries and transition-metal-catalyzed reactions.
Dissipative nonlinear dynamics of ferromagnetic bilayer
Authors: Kovalev A. S. , Ezerskaya E. V.
Published: October 2024

Within the framework of the classical Landau–Lifshitz equations with damping in the Landau form, the relaxation of highly excited magnetic multilayers, consisting of two ferromagnetic layers with magnetic anisotropy of the easy plane type and ferromagnetic exchange interaction between the layers, is analytically and numerically studied. It is shown that the relaxation of the energy and magnetization of the system is of a non-trivial behavior. In the region of strong excitation of the system, the time dependence of the magnetization is non-monotonic, and the smooth time dependencies of energy and magnetization are superimposed by oscillations associated with the essentially nonlinear dynamics of the magnetization vectors in the layers.
B3LYP and B3PW computations of BaSnO3 and BaZrO3 perovskite (001) surfaces
Authors: Eglitis R. I. , Popov A. I. , Jia Ran , Kruchinin S. P. , Derkaoui I. , Kabatas M. A. Basyooni-M.
Published: October 2024

By means of the B3LYP and B3PW hybrid exchange-correlation functionals, as it is included in the CRYSTAL computer code, we performed ab initio computations for BaSnO3 and BaZrO3 perovskite (001) surfaces. For BaSnO3 and BaZrO3 perovskite (001) surfaces, with a few exceptions, all atoms of the upper surface layer relax inwards, all atoms of the second surface layer relax outwards, and all third layer atoms, again, relax inwards. The relaxation of BaSnO3 and BaZrO3 (001) surface metal atoms for upper two surface layers, for both BaO and BO2-terminations, as a rule, are considerably larger than the relaxation of relevant oxygen atoms. The BaO (1.30 eV) and ZrO2-terminated (1.31 eV) BaZrO3 (001) surface energies are almost equal. The BaZrO3 perovskite BaO (4.82 eV) and ZrO2-terminated (4.48 eV) (001) surface Г-Г band gaps are reduced regarding the respective bulk Г-Г band gap value (4.93 eV). The B–O chemical bond populations in BaSnO3 and BaZrO3 perovskite bulk always are smaller than near their SnO2 and ZrO2-terminated (001) surfaces, respectively.
Analysis and simulation of opto-electronics characterization of two-dimensional Janus monolayers for energy applications
Authors: Bin Li , Shahzad Muhammad , Sadi Muhammad Abdullah , Bitew Girmaw Teshager , Farhan Muhammad , Ali Saqib
Published: October 2024

First-principles simulations are conducted to investigate the absorption and optoelectronic efficacy of molybdenum–sulfur–selenium, referred to here as MoSSe, and molybdenum–sulfur–oxygen, referred to here as MoSO, Janus monolayers. The materials MoSSe and MoSO demonstrate characteristics of semiconductors, as they possess bandgaps of 2.00 eV (direct) and 1.61 eV (indirect), respectively. This property renders them highly suitable for efficient light absorption. The efficiency of absorption of the device was calculated for the MoSSe and MoSO families, leading to the observation that these material families demonstrate a broad absorption range spanning from the infrared to the ultraviolet regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. This finding represents a novel discovery. Furthermore, the design as a topmost cell is particularly attractive due to its exceptional device absorption efficiency and broader bandgap. This particular family ensures that its band edges remain in alignment with the water-redox potentials. Molybdenum sulfide and molybdenum selenide exhibit promising potential as photocatalysts and in optoelectronic device applications. This is attributed to their appealing photocatalytic properties and notable efficiency in absorbing light for the purpose of water splitting.
Novel structures and collapse of solitons in nonminimally gravitating dark matter halos
Authors: Chen Jiajun , Zhang Hong-Yi
Published: October 2024

Ultralight dark matter simulations predict condensates with short-range correlation, known as solitons or boson stars, at the centers of dark matter halos. This paper investigates the formation and collapse of dark matter solitons influenced by nonminimal gravitational effects, characterized by gradient-dependent self-interactions of dark matter and an additional source in Poisson's equation for gravity. Our simulations suggest that the initial evolution of dark matter resembles that without nonminimal gravitational effects. However, regions with negative potential curvature may develop, and solitons will collapse when their densities reach certain critical values for both positive and negative coupling constants. With strong nonminimal gravitational effects, we verify that linear density perturbations could grow on both large and small scales, potentially enhancing structure formation.
Explaining PTA data with inflationary GWs in a PBH-dominated universe
Authors: Datta Satyabrata
Published: October 2024

We show that an ultralight primordial black hole (PBH) dominated phase makes blue-tilted inflationary gravitational waves (BGW) compatible with the recent detection of an nHz stochastic GW background by pulsar-timing arrays (PTAs), for high reheating temperatures. This PBH-dominated phase suppresses the BGW spectrum via entropy dilution, making it consistent with strong constraints from LIGO O3 and BBN. A future observation of such GW spectral features at mid or high frequencies can strongly constrain the possible mass range of PBHs. Since PBHs can exhibit various other unique signatures, they can be distinguished from spectra generated by other types of matter domination or exotic physics. Therefore, while important for studying GWs in the nHz range, the recent PTA result also sets the stage for testing and constraining various well-studied mechanisms following a PBH domination, using low-frequency measurements and correlated observations of unique high-frequency GW spectral features.
Distribution of quantum gravity induced entanglement in many-body systems
Authors: Ghosal Pratik , Ghosal Arkaprabha , Bandyopadhyay Somshubhro
Published: October 2024

Recently, it was shown that if two distant test masses, each in a spatially superposed quantum state, become entangled due to their mutual gravitational interaction, then this entanglement could serve as evidence of the quantum nature of gravity. We extend this treatment to a many-body system in a general setup and study the entanglement properties of the time-evolved state. We exactly compute the time-dependent I-concurrence for every bipartition and obtain the necessary and sufficient condition for the creation of genuine many-body entanglement. We further show that this entanglement is of generalised GHZ type when certain conditions are met. We also evaluate the amount of multipartite entanglement in the system using a set of generalised Meyer-Wallach measures.
Improving microstructure and mechanical properties of WAAMed Al with UV introduced via a torch clamp
Authors: Jiao Hao , Chen Maoai , Zhang Jianhua , Jia Chuanbao
Published: October 2024

Ultrasonic assisting is considered to be a promising technology for industrial applications due to its ability to improve the quality of the WAAMed component. A specially designed ultrasonically vibrating torch clamp (UV torch clamp) was used to introduce the UV in the WAAM process of Al alloy for the first time. UV effect on the forming accuracy, microstructure and mechanical properties of WAAMed Al thin-walled component were investigated. The results show that the UV applied via the UV torch clamp changed the metal transfer mode, and increased the transfer frequency by at least 7.42% compared with that without UV at various Wire Feed Speed (WFSs). The applied UV caused slight increases in the surface roughness of the deposited thin-wall components at low WFSs and obvious decreases at high WFSs, the most significant reduction occurred with WFS = 8 m min−1, the surface roughness decreased from 1.04 to 0.44. The grain size and the pore size and density in the deposit were significantly reduced by the UV, and the higher the WFS, the greater the grain refinement effectiveness and the pore suppression effectiveness. The UTS and fracture elongation of the specimen with UV application increased by at least 4.6% (from 277 Mpa to 290 Mpa for longitudinal specimen with WFS = 5 m min−1, ) and 3.3% (from 21.42% to 22.12% for vertical specimen with WFS = 8 m min−1) respectively at various WFSs compared to the specimen without UV application.
Determinants of crop insurance participation of farming households in Mekong River Delta, Vietnam in climate change context
Authors: Lan Do Huong , Truong Dinh Duc , Lan Bui Thi Hoang , Hang Nguyen Dieu , Huy Huan Le
Published: October 2024

Agricultural insurance has been implemented in many countries around the world to reduce risks for farming households. In Vietnam, agriculture is the most important industry but is heavily affected by natural disasters and climate change. This study aimed at assessing farmers’ awareness of climate change and analyzing factors affecting agricultural insurance participation of farmers in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. The research applied utility theory to build empirical model. We collected primary data from a survey of 400 farming households in Tra Vinh province. Households were selected stratifiedly in 4 coastal districts and then drawn randomly from household lists of communes. The research results showed that the majority of people were aware of climate change trends locally and its impacts on agricultural production. Logit regression model indicated that there were 8 main factors affecting household’s participation in crop insurance including age, gender, farming experience, education level, access to insurance information, civic organization membership, fund borrowing and household size, of which access to insurance information had strongest impact. The study proposed some specific management implications including (i) raising farmer awareness about agricultural insurance through official information channels such as television, radio, as well as informal information through social networks; (ii) strengthen the role of local civic organizations, especially extension services in disseminating information and supporting insurance purchasing activities for farmer households and; (iii) support farmers in part with insurance fees or allow access to small credit from State programs to enhance the participation of agricultural insurance.
Borel conjecture for the Marczewski ideal
Authors: Brendle Jörg , Wohofsky Wolfgang
Published: October 2024

We show in ZFC that there is no set of reals of size continuum which can be translated away from every set in the Marczewski ideal. We also show that in the Cohen model, every set with this property is countable.