bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MOF@PVA beads for dynamic and low concentration VOC capture
Authors: So Pamela Berilyn , Liu Chen-Yu , Lai Yu-Lun , Lee Cheng-Shiuan , Lin Chia-Her
Published: June 2022

A universal method for MOF@PVA bead preparation for efficient dynamic low concentration VOC adsorption.
Transition metal sulfide/hydroxide electrode materials with high specific capacities
Authors: Xia Tong , Umar Ahmad , Wu Xiang
Published: June 2022

In this work, we report hybrid NiCo2S4@Ni(OH)2 electrode materials on Ni foam by a multi-step hydrothermal approach. The mass capacitance of the prepared sample shows an excellent cycling stability after 10 000 cycles of charge/discharge tests.
Two-dimensional assembled PVP-modified silver nanoprisms guided by butanol for surface-enhanced Raman scattering-based invisible printing platforms
Authors: Sugawa Kosuke , Hayakawa Yutaro , Aida Yukiko , Kajino Yuto , Tamada Kaoru
Published: June 2022

This study proposes a methodology for the fabrication of two-dimensional assemblies of asymmetric Ag nanoprisms based on the classical theory for the surface excess of butanol in an aqueous mixture and Rayleigh–Bénard–Marangoni convection.
Molecular homogeneity of GB1 revealed by single molecule force spectroscopy
Authors: Xia Jiahao , Zuo Jiacheng , Li Hongbin
Published: June 2022

Single molecule force spectroscopy experiments reveal molecular homogeneity of the mechancial unfolding of protein GB1, and that the ensemble-average and time-average of individual molecules are equivalent in the mechanical unfolding of GB1.
Perfluorocyclobutyl-containing transparent polyimides with low dielectric constant and low dielectric loss
Authors: Peng Weifeng , Lei Huanyu , Qiu Luhao , Bao Feng , Huang Mingjun
Published: June 2022

The combination of loose chain packing and high fluoro content endows PFCB-containing polyimides with excellent optical transparency and dielectric properties.
Site-selective desaturation of C(sp3)–C(sp3) bonds via photoinduced ruthenium catalysis
Authors: Wang Chuanyong , Xing Zhongqiu , Ge Qiangqiang , Yu Yangyang , Wang Minyan , Duan Wei-Liang
Published: June 2022

An efficient desaturation and 1,5-HAT/Heck-type coupling reaction has been developed in a highly regio- and stereoselective fashion via photo-induced Ru catalysis.
Palladium-catalyzed Heck cyclization/allylation with homoallyl alcoholsviaretro-allylation
Authors: Zhou Ping-Xin , Yang Xiaozhe , Du Xueyan , Zhao Shujie , Wang Han , Li Xinguang , Liu Ning , Tan Xinqiang , Ren Feng , Liang Yong-Min
Published: June 2022

A palladium-catalyzed reaction of aryl iodide-tethered alkenes with homoallyl alcohols is reported, providing a convenient and efficient approach to C(sp3)–allylation products.
Effects of diluent gases on sooting transition process in ethylene counterflow diffusion flames
Authors: Su Zhiwei , Ying Yaoyao , Chen Chen , Zhao Rui , Zhao Xuan , Liu Dong
Published: June 2022

This study analyzes the flame images by optical method to distinguish the sooting transition process under different diluent gases (CO2, He, and N2) and carries out chemical kinetic simulations during this transition process.
Thiourea modified low molecular polyamide as a novel room temperature curing agent for epoxy resin
Authors: Huang Zhiyong , Zhu Huixin , Jin Guofeng , Huang Yuanzheng , Gao Minna
Published: June 2022

The thiourea modified low molecular polyamide has low viscosity and high amine value.
Probing longitudinal carrier transport in perovskite thin films via modified transient reflection spectroscopy
Authors: Zhao Shengli , Leng Jing , Wang Shiping , Yan Xianchang , Yin Zixi , Yin Yanfeng , Zhang Jun , Jin Shengye
Published: June 2022

A back-excitation transient reflection spectroscopy was developed to visualize longitudinal carrier transport in perovskite films, showing that the longitudinal diffusion coefficient decreases sharply with increasing thickness-to-grain-size ratio.
Method and new tabulations for flux-weighted line opacity and radiation line force in supersonic media
Authors: Poniatowski L. G. , Kee N. D. , Sundqvist J. O. , Driessen F. A. , Moens N. , Owocki S. P. , Gayley K. G. , Decin L. , de Koter A. , Sana H.
Published: June 2022

Context. In accelerating and supersonic media, understanding the interaction of photons with spectral lines can be of utmost importance, especially in an accelerating flow. However, fully accounting for such line forces is computationally expensive and challenging, as it involves complicated solutions of the radiative transfer problem for millions of contributing lines. This currently can only be done by specialised codes in 1D steady-state flows. More general cases and higher dimensions require alternative approaches.

Aims. We present a comprehensive and fast method for computing the radiation line force using tables of spectral-line-strength distribution parameters, which can be applied in arbitrary (multi-D, time-dependent) simulations, including those that account for the line-deshadowing instability, to compute the appropriate opacities.

Methods. We assume local thermodynamic equilibrium to compute a flux-weighted line opacity from ~4 million spectral lines. We fit the opacity computed from the line list with an analytic result derived for an assumed distribution of the spectral line strength and found the corresponding line-distribution parameters, which we tabulate here for a range of assumed input densities ρ ∈ [10−20, 10−10] g cm−3 and temperatures T ∊ [104, 1047] K.

Results. We find that the variation in the line-distribution parameters plays an essential role in setting the wind dynamics in our models. In our benchmark study, we also find a good overall agreement between the O-star mass-loss rates of our models and those derived from steady-state studies that use a more detailed radiative transfer.

Conclusions. Our models reinforce the idea that self-consistent variation in the line-distribution parameters is important for the dynamics of line-driven flows. Within a well-calibrated O-star regime, our results support the proposed methodology. In practice, utilising the provided tables, yielded a factor >100 speed-up in computational time compared to specialised 1D model-atmosphere codes of line-driven winds, which constitutes an important step towards efficient multi-dimensional simulations. We conclude that our method and tables are ready to be exploited in various radiation-hydrodynamic simulations where the line force is important.
Transmission spectroscopy of MASCARA-1b with ESPRESSO: Challenges of overlapping orbital and Doppler tracks
Authors: Casasayas-Barris N. , Borsa F. , Palle E. , Allart R. , Bourrier V. , Gonzalez Hernandez J. I. , Kesseli A. , Sánchez-López A. , Zapatero Osorio M. R. , Snellen I. A. G. , Orell-Miquel J. , Stangret M. , Esparza-Borges E. , Lovis C. , Hooton M. J. , Lend M. , Smith A. M. S. , Pepe F. , Rebolo R. , Cristiani S. , Santos N. C. , Adibekyan V. , Alibert Y. , Cristo E. , Demangeon O. D. S. , Figueira P. , Di Marcantonio P. , Martins C. J. A. P. , Micela G. , Seidel J. V. , Azevedo Silva T. , Sousa S. G. , Sozzetti A. , Suárez Mascareño A. , Tabernero H. M.
Published: June 2022

Atmospheric studies at high spectral resolution have shown the presence of molecules, neutral and ionised metals, and hydrogen in the transmission spectrum of ultra-hot Jupiters, and have started to probe the dynamics of their atmospheres. We analyse the transmission spectrum of MASCARA-1b, one of the densest ultra-hot Jupiters orbiting a bright (V = 8.3) star. We focus on the CaII H&K, NaI doublet, LiI, Hα, and KI D1 spectral lines and on the cross-correlated FeI, Fe II, CaI, YI, VI, VII, CaH, and TiO lines. For those species that are not present in the stellar spectrum, no detections are reported, but we are able to measure upper limits with an excellent precision (~10 ppm for particular species) thanks to the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) achieved with Echelle SPectrograph for Rocky Exoplanets and Stable Spectroscopic Observations (ESPRESSO) observations. For those species that are present in the stellar spectrum and whose planet-occulted spectral lines induce spurious features in the planetary transmission spectrum, an accurate modelling of the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect (RM) and centre-to-limb variations (CLV) is necessary to recover possible atmospheric signals. In the case of MASCARA-1b, this is difficult due to the overlap between the radial velocities of the stellar surface regions occulted by MASCARA-1b and the orbital track along which the planet atmospheric signal is expected to be found. To try to disentangle a possible planetary signal, we compare our results with models of the RM and CLV effects, and estimate the uncertainties of our models depending on the different system parameters. Unfortunately, more precise measurements of the spin-orbit angle are necessary to better constrain the planet-occulted track and correct for the transit effects in the transmission spectrum with enough precision to be able to detect or discard possible planetary absorptions. Finally, we discuss the possibility that non-detections are related to the low absorption expected for a high surface gravity planet such as MASCARA-1b. Other techniques such as emission spectroscopy may be more useful for exploring their atmospheric composition.
Genetic discrimination of wild versus farmed gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata using microsatellite markers associated with candidate genes
Authors: Žužul Iva , Grubišić Leon , Šegvić-Bubić Tanja
Published: June 2022

Farm escapees and their offspring impose a significant impact on the environment and may therefore alter the future evolutionary trajectories of wild populations. To date, there is no management plan in place in Mediterranean countries to prevent fish escapes. Here, we investigate microsatellite length variations in three candidate genes, including prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH), and the receptor activity modifying protein 3 gene (RAMP3), to study the genetic structure of the main fish species farmed in the Mediterranean, gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). We also evaluate the performance of microsatellites in discriminating fish origin (wild or farmed). Results from 298 individuals, including farmed, wild adult and juvenile fish were compared with results from 19 neutral markers used in a previous study. All loci were polymorphic, selectively neutral, and had the statistical power to detect significant population differentiation. Global FST was similar to that estimated using 19 loci (0.019 and 0.023, respectively), while pairwise comparisons identified farmed populations as the main drivers of genetic divergence, with a much higher magnitude of overall genetic differentiation within farmed populations (0.076) than that estimated using the 19 neutral microsatellite loci (0.041). Bayesian structural analysis showed that the PRL, GH, and RAMP3 markers were able to distinguish farmed from wild populations, but were not able to distinguish different wild groups as 19 neutral microsatellite markers did. Farmed populations of different origins were assigned to a separate cluster with a high individual assignment score (>88%). It appears that the candidate markers are more influenced by artificial selection compared to neutral markers. Further validation of their efficiency in discriminating wild, farmed, and mixed fish origins using a more robust sample size is needed to ensure their potential use in an escaped fish monitoring programme.
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in monitoring the wine production
Authors: Thanasi Vasiliki , Catarino Sofia , Ricardo-da-Silva Jorge
Published: June 2022

The complexity of the wine matrix makes monitoring of the winemaking process from the grapes to the final product crucial for the wine industry. In this context, analytical methodologies that can combine good accuracy, robustness, high sample throughput, “green character”, and by preference real-time analysis, are on-demand to create high-quality vitivinicultural products. In the last years, Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) combined with chemometric analysis has been evaluated in several studies as an effective analytical tool for the wine sector. Some applications of FTIR spectroscopy have been already accepted by the wine industry, mainly for the prediction of basic oenological parameters, using portable and non-portable instruments, but still many others are waiting to be thoroughly developed. This literature review aims to provide a critical synopsis of the most important studies assessing grape and wine quality and authenticity, and to identify possible gaps for further research, meeting the needs of the modern wine industry and the expectations of most demanding consumers. The FTIR studies were grouped according to the main sampling material used - 1) leaves, stems, and berries; 2) grape must and wine applications - along with a summary of the basic limitations and future perspectives of this analytical technique.
Die Laborwerte von Kalium, Natrium und Hydrogenkarbonat
Authors: Leutner Grazyna
Published: June 2022

Die richtige Auswahl des Dialysekonzentrates hilft uns dabei, häufige Komplikationen während der Hämodialyse zu vermeiden. Kalium ist als kleines Molekül sehr gut dialysabel. Die Entfernung von überschüssigem Kalium wird durch die Verwendung einer Dialyseflüssigkeit mit einer Kaliumkonzentration, die niedriger als die des Plasmas ist, erreicht. Die Kaliumeinstellung vor der Dialysebehandlung wird u. a. anhand der Blutgasanalyse ermittelt. Eine zu schnelle Elimination kann zu einer Hypokaliämie und Arrhythmien bis hin zur Reanimationspflichtigkeit führen. Die Natriumkonzentration im Dialysat sollte nicht höher liegen als die Serum-Natrium-Konzentration des Patienten zu Beginn der Behandlung. Ein zu niedriges Dialysatnatrium erhöht die Inzidenz von Nebenwirkungen wie z. B. Kopfschmerzen, Übelkeit und Verwirrtheit. Ein zu hohes Dialysatnatrium führt zu vermehrtem Durst zwischen den Dialysesitzungen und kann somit eine vermehrte Flüssigkeitsaufnahme und arterielle Hypertonie nach sich ziehen. Die individuelle Dialysat-Bikarbonat-Konzentration soll niedrig genug sein, um eine signifikante Alkalose in der postdialytischen Periode zu verhindern, und dennoch hoch genug, um eine prädialytische Azidose zu verhindern. Die Verwendung von Dialysat mit hohem Bikarbonatgehalt kann eine akute metabolische Alkalose nach sich ziehen, die zu geistiger Verwirrung, Lethargie, Schwäche und Krämpfen führt. Die Auswahl der Therapiemodalitäten sollte individualisiert erfolgen. Für genau definierte Ziele und Einstellungen sind in vielen Bereichen größere Studien erforderlich.
Zystennieren im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Authors: Burgmaier Kathrin
Published: June 2022

Erkrankungen mit polyzystischer Nierenbeteiligung betreffen einen relevanten Anteil der Patientenschaft in der pädiatrischen Nephrologie. Forschung mit klinischen Fragestellungen auf dem Gebiet der seltenen und mitunter recht variabel verlaufenden autosomal-rezessiven polyzystischen Nierenerkrankung (ARPKD: „autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease“) erfordert den Zusammenschluss (inter)nationaler betreuender Zentren. Dieser Zusammenschluss, der mit einer europäischen Registerstudie zu ARPKD (ARegPKD) gelang, konnte die Grundlage für eine Reihe von Arbeiten mit der Identifizierung von klinischen, sonografischen und genetischen Risikomarkern bilden. Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt dieses Artikels liegt auf den neuesten Empfehlungen zum Umgang mit Kindern und Jugendlichen mit positiver Familienanamnese für autosomal-dominante polyzystische Nierenerkrankung (ADPKD: „autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease“). Hierbei müssen bei der Betreuung der Familien sowohl das kindliche Recht auf adäquate medizinische Versorgung als auch das Recht auf Nichtwissen berücksichtigt werden.
Management des kongenitalen nephrotischen Syndroms
Authors: Ehren Rasmus
Published: June 2022

Das kongenitale nephrotische Syndrom (CNS) ist eine heterogene Gruppe von Erkrankungen, die durch eine Proteinurie im nephrotischen Bereich, eine Hypalbuminämie und Ödeme gekennzeichnet sind und sich bereits intrauterin oder während der ersten 3 Lebensmonate manifestieren. Die Hauptursache für CNS sind genetische Defekte in den Podozyten. In seltenen Fällen kann das CNS jedoch auch durch angeborene Infektionen oder eine mütterliche Autoimmunerkrankung verursacht werden. Die Behandlung von CNS ist sehr komplex, da die Patient*innen zu schweren Komplikationen wie hämodynamischen Instabilitäten, Infektionen, Thrombosen, Wachstumsstörungen und Nierenversagen neigen. Im April 2021 wurden die neuen europäischen Konsensusempfehlungen der ERKnet-ESPN-Arbeitsgruppe veröffentlicht. In dieser Konsenserklärung haben Experten des Europäischen Referenznetzwerks für Nierenkrankheiten (ERKNet) und der Europäischen Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Nephrologie (ESPN) die aktuellen Empfehlungen für die Behandlung des CNS, einschließlich des Einsatzes von Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-System-Hemmern, Diuretika, Antikoagulation und Infektionsprophylaxe bewertet. Als Grundpfeiler der Behandlung gilt eine an den klinischen Schweregrad der Erkrankung angepasste Therapie, mit dem Ziel, einen ausgeglichenen Flüssigkeitshaushalt sowie eine adäquate Ernährung aufrechtzuerhalten und Komplikationen zu vermeiden. Es wird von einer routinemäßigen frühen Nephrektomie abgeraten. Dieser Beitrag ist ein Leitfaden nach den aktuellen diagnostischen sowie therapeutischen Empfehlungen der Konsensusgruppe.
Kryotherapie – mit Kälte gegen den Schmerz
Authors: Morvilius Simone
Published: June 2022

Mit menschheitsgeschichtlich langer Tradition findet die Kryotherapie auch in der heutigen Zeit Anwendung gegen chronische und akute Schmerzen. Im Sportkontext wird Kälte überdies zur Regenerations- und Leistungsverbesserung im Sport eingesetzt. Zu gängigen Anwendungsformen in der Physiotherapie gehören beispielsweise Eislolli, Eispackungen, Eisspray und die Kältekammer. Den maßgeblichen Unterschied in der Anwendung bildet die Anwendungsdauer, die je nach direkter oder indirekter Kälte und den Temperaturunterschieden variiert. Dieser Artikel soll einen Einblick in die bekannten Wirkmechanismen und Behandlungsmöglichkeiten geben.
Studie zur ambulanten moderaten Ganzkörperhyperthermie bei Fibromyalgiesyndrom
Authors: Schmidt Robert
Published: June 2022

Die Genese des Fibromyalgiesyndroms (FMS) ist immer noch unklar und stellt für Behandelnde und medizinisches Fachpersonal ein Rätsel dar. Generalisierte Schmerzen unterschiedlicher Lokalisationen sowie damit einhergehende Begleitsymptome wie Fatigue, Schlafstörungen, vegetative und psychische Störungen sind führend und bedürfen einer komplexen Behandlung. Am Krankenhaus für Naturheilwesen (KfN) in München sind FMS-Patienten in eine naturheilkundliche Komplexbehandlung eingebunden und werden effektiv und erfolgreich mit serieller moderater Ganzkörperhyperthermie (mGKHT) behandelt. Da die Studienlage dazu noch recht dünn ist und in keiner der Studien die Effektivität der mGKHT als Monotherapie in der Behandlung der FMS untersucht wurde, soll dies in einer eigenen Studie, beginnend 2022, ermittelt werden. Der Beitrag geht auf die Studienlage ein und zeigt das Studiendesign der prospektiven Studie.
Meningokokken-ACWY-Impfung für Reisende
Authors: Schwörer Claudia-Viktoria
Published: June 2022

Meningokokken sind weiter verbreitet, als viele glauben. Weltweit treten jährlich 1,2 Mio. Fälle der invasiven Meningokokkenerkrankung (IME) auf 1. Die Ständige Impfkommission (STIKO) empfiehlt bei bestimmten Auslandsreisen eine Impfung gegen die Meningkokken-Serogruppen A, C, W und Y (MenACWY) (Tab. 1) 2, 3. Nach den Empfehlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin, Reisemedizin und Globale Gesundheit (DTG) sollte die Impfung mindestens 10 Tage vor Reisebeginn erfolgen 4.
Evaluation eines Onlinetools zur digitalen Farbsehtestung
Authors: Liebold Felix , Schmitz Jan , Hinkelbein Jochen
Published: June 2022

Mit zunehmender Anwendung digitaler Anzeigetechnik in Flugzeugcockpits steigt die Bedeutung zuverlässiger Beurteilung des Farbsehvermögens im Rahmen von Flugtauglichkeitsuntersuchungen. Dabei finden vermehrt digitale Testmethoden Anwendung, die häufig platzsparend und (orts-)unabhängig von Umgebungslichtbedingungen durchgeführt werden können. Neben professioneller und validierter Software stehen für mobile Endgeräte auch kostenlose Apps zur Verfügung, die von Privatverbrauchern genutzt werden können. Die vorliegende Studie überprüfte eine solche Applikation eines Farnsworth Munsell Hue 100 und verglich sie mit der analogen Originaltestung. Dabei fand sich eine mangelhafte Vergleichbarkeit der Ergebnisse, sodass von der Anwendung dieses Onlinetools im professionellen Setting abgeraten werden muss.
Update zur Bedeutung von Selen und Selenoproteinen bei Covid-19
Authors: Schomburg Lutz
Published: June 2022

Die generelle Bedeutung des essenziellen Spurenelements Selen und der Selenoproteine für das Immunsystem, den Metabolismus und die endokrine Kontrolle der Organfunktionen und Zellaktivitäten wird zunehmend gut verstanden. Ein Mangel durch unzureichende Aufnahme oder durch eine akute oder chronische Erkrankung stellt ein vermeidbares Gesundheitsrisiko dar. Gerade für die Krankheitsprävention ist eine ausreichend gute Selenversorgung eine wichtige und adressierbare Unterstützung, da hierfür das gewählte Ernährungsprofil ausschlaggebend ist.

Die derzeitige Pandemie zeigt, dass unsere Versorgung mit dem essenziellen Spurenelement Selen häufig unzureichend ist. Durch das Wissen um diesen Zusammenhang stellt sich dieses Manko als vermeidbare und korrigierbare Herausforderung dar, die sich über die Kombination einer bewussten und ausgewogenen Ernährung gegebenenfalls mit einer gezielten Supplementation gut meistern lässt.
Erste Erfahrungen mit dem Long-Covid-Syndrom im Krankenhaus für Naturheilweisen in München
Authors: Schmidt Robert , Stange Rainer
Published: June 2022

Im Krankenhaus für Naturheilweisen (KfN) stellen Patienten mit Long-Covid-Syndrom mittlerweile eine der größten Gruppen da. Derzeit ist weder die zugrundeliegende Pathogenese bei dieser Erkrankung bekannt, noch gibt es Erkenntnisse über eindeutig erfolgreiche Behandlungskonzepte. Da in der Vergangenheit viele Patienten mit einer Fatigue-Symptomatik unterschiedlichster Genese von einer naturheilkundlichen Komplexbehandlung im KfN profitieren konnten, gehen wir auch von einem positiven Effekt bei Long-Covid-Syndrom aus. Eine zentrale Rolle scheint dabei die moderate Ganzkörperhyperthermie zu spielen. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag möchten wir die ersten Ergebnisse einer Beobachtungsstudie darlegen, mit deren Hilfe die Entwicklung des Gesundheitszustands von Patienten mit Long-Covid-Syndrom in einem Zeitraum von bis zu sechs Monaten nach einer naturheilkundlichen Behandlung im KfN erfasst werden soll. Die bisher vorliegenden Erfahrungen rechtfertigen weitere Behandlungen und entsprechende Analysen.
Empfehlungen zur Diabetes-Behandlung mit automatischen Insulin-Dosierungssystemen
Authors: von dem Berge Thekla , Biester Sarah , Biester Torben , Buchmann Anne-Kathrin , Datz Nicolin , Grosser Ute , Kapitzke Kerstin , Klusmeier Britta , Remus Kerstin , Reschke Felix , Tiedemann Inken , Weiskorn Jantje , Würsig Martina , Thomas Andreas , Kordonouri Olga , Danne Thomas
Published: June 2022

Das Prinzip der automatischen Insulindosierung, kurz „AID“ genannt, zeigt in Zulassungsstudien und Real-World-Erfahrungen ausgezeichnete Behandlungsergebnisse. Beim AID wird eine Insulinpumpe mit einem System zur kontinuierlichen Glukosemessung zusammengeschaltet, während ein Rechenprogramm, der sogenannte Algorithmus, die Steuerung der Insulingabe nach Bedarf übernimmt. Idealerweise wäre das System ein geschlossener Kreis, bei dem die Menschen mit Diabetes keine Eingabe mehr machen müssten. Jedoch sind bei den heute verfügbaren Systemen verschiedene Grundeinstellungen und Eingaben erforderlich (insbesondere von Kohlenhydratmengen der Mahlzeiten oder körperlicher Aktivität), die sich von den bisherigen Empfehlungen der sensorunterstützten Pumpentherapie in einzelnen Aspekten unterscheiden. So werden die traditionellen Konzepte von „Basal“ und „Bolus“ mit AID weniger nützlich, da der Algorithmus beide Arten der Insulinabgabe verwendet, um die Glukosewerte dem eingestellten Zielwert zu nähern. Daher sollte bei diesen Systemen statt der Erfassung von „Basal“ und „Bolus“, zwischen einer „nutzerinitiierten“ und einer „automatischen“ Insulindosis unterschieden werden. Gemeinsame Therapieprinzipien der verschiedenen AID-Systeme umfassen die passgenaue Einstellung des Kohlenhydratverhältnisses, die Bedeutung des Timings der vom Anwender initiierten Insulinbolusgaben vor der Mahlzeit, den korrekten Umgang mit einem verzögerten oder versäumten Mahlzeitenbolus, neue Prinzipien im Umgang mit Sport oder Alkoholgenuss sowie den rechtzeitigen Umstieg von AID zu manuellem Modus bei Auftreten erhöhter Ketonwerte. Das Team vom Diabetes-Zentrum AUF DER BULT in Hannover hat aus eigenen Studienerfahrungen und der zugrunde liegenden internationalen Literatur praktische Empfehlungen zur Anwendung und Schulung der gegenwärtig und demnächst in Deutschland kommerziell erhältlichen Systeme zusammengestellt. Für den Erfolg der AID-Behandlung scheint das richtige Erwartungsmanagement sowohl beim Behandlungsteam und als auch beim Anwender von großer Bedeutung zu sein.
Belly Dancer's Dyskinesia Responsive to Oral Medication Treatment
Authors: Khosama Herlyani , Girsang Rony T.C.P. , Natadidjaja Stella , Mawuntu Arthur H. P. , Tumewah Rizal
Published: June 2022

Belly dancer's dyskinesia is a rare disease characterized mostly by the uncontrolled and rhythmic movements of the abdominal wall. No exact etiology has been identified yet and the treatment is mostly symptomatic. From most available case reports, oral medication therapy often provides disappointing result in term of reducing the symptom. Here, we report a patient who has satisfactory improvement after treated with oral medication only.
Antibacterial and Cytotoxicity of Root Canal Sealer with the Addition of Chitosan Nanoparticle at Various Concentrations
Authors: Ratih Diatri Nari , Mulyawati Ema , Santi Rika Kurnia , Kristanti Yulita
Published: June 2022

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the addition of chitosan nanoparticle with concentrations of 0, 10, 20, and 30% to the epoxy resin-based (ERB) sealer on its antibacterial and cytotoxicity effect.

Methods and Materials This research was divided into two studies, the first study was the addition of chitosan with a concentration of 0% (as control), 10, 20, and 30% to an ERB sealer on its antibacterial effect, and the second study was on its cytotoxicity. An agar diffusion test was employed to determine the antibacterial effect on Enterococcus faecalis. An MTT (3-{4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl}-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay was utilized to test the cytotoxicity by evaluating cell viability.

Statistical Analysis One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test (α = 0.05) were used to analyze data obtained from each evaluation with a significance level of 95%.

Results The addition of chitosan nanoparticles at concentrations 10, 20, and 30% produced a greater inhibition zone of E. faecalis (p < 0.05), however, had less cytotoxicity compared with no addition of chitosan (0%) (p < 0.05).

Conclusion The addition of chitosan nanoparticles at concentrations 10, 20, and 30% to the ERB sealer produced greater antibacterial and less cytotoxicity compared with no addition of chitosan (0%).
Nonmalignant Central Airway Obstruction: Options for Challenging Cases
Authors: Abia-Trujillo David , Fernandez-Bussy Sebastian
Published: June 2022

Benign central airway obstruction is commonly referred as nonmalignant central airway obstruction (NMCAO). This is in part related to its lack of benign nature and significant life-quality impairment in patients. It is a pathologic entity with various etiologies and therefore a wide range of therapeutic options are available. Evidence regarding the optimal management that could provide a sustained restoration of airway patency is lacking. The lack of a common pathophysiologic pathway translating into a nonspecific symptom presenting as NMCAO has complicated treatment standardization and subsequently limited solid research to favor of one approach over another one. Our intent is to describe the limited evidence of the most utilized nonsurgical treatment for NMCAO as well as some upcoming promising therapeutic options such as mitomycin C injection, microdebrider, biodegradable stents, radiotherapy, Hybrid Knife, and endoluminal spray cryotherapy. Our goal with this manuscript is to motivate other authors to venture into prospective, multicenter, open-label trials aimed to describe long-term outcomes in patients with NMCAO.
Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cells Metabolite Decreasing TRAP, NFATc1, and Sclerostin Expression in LPS-Associated Inflammatory Osteolysis In Vivo
Authors: Nugraha Alexander Patera , Ramadhani Nastiti Faradilla , Riawan Wibi , Ihsan Igo Syaiful , Ernawati Diah Savitri , Ridwan Rini Devijanti , Narmada Ida Bagus , Saskianti Tania , Rezkita Fianza , Sarasati Andari , Noor Tengku Natasha Eleena Binti Tengku Ahmad , Inayatillah Bilqis , Nugraha Albertus Putera , Joestandari Florentina
Published: June 2022

Objective Bone is a dynamic tissue that undergoes remodeling. During bone remodeling, there are transcription factors such as nuclear factor-activated T cells-1 (NFATc1), sclerostin, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) that are released for bone resorption. Metabolite from gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) has the ability to activate proliferation, migration, immunomodulation, and tissue regeneration of bone cells and tissues. Furthermore, the aim of this study is to investigate the metabolite of GMSCs' effect on expression of NFATc1, TRAP, and sclerostin in calvaria bone resorption of Wistar rats.

Materials and Methods Twenty male healthy Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus), 1 to 2 months old, 250 to 300 g body were divided into four groups, namely group 1 (G1): 100 µg phosphate-buffered saline day 1 to 7; group 2 (G2): 100 μg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) day 1 to 7; group 3 (G3): 100 μg LPS + 100 μg GMSCs metabolite day 1 to 7; and group 4 (G4): 100 μg GMSCs metabolite day 1 to 7. Escherichia coli LPS was used to induce inflammatory osteolysis on the calvaria with subcutaneous injection. GMSCs metabolite was collected after passage 4 to 5, then injected subcutaneously on the calvaria. All samples were sacrificed on the day 8 through cervical dislocation. The expression of TRAP, NFATc1, and sclerostin of osteoclast in the calvaria was observed with 1,000× magnification.

Statistical Analysis One-way analysis of variance and Tukey honest significant different were conducted to analyze differences between groups (p < 0.05).

Results The administration of GMSCs metabolite can significantly decrease TRAP, NFATc1, and sclerostin expression (p < 0.05) in LPS-associated inflammatory osteolysis calvaria in Wistar rats (R. norvegicus). There were significantly different TRAP, NFATc1, and sclerostin expressions between groups (p < 0.05).

Conclusion GMSCs metabolite decrease TRAP, NFATc1, and sclerostin expression in LPS-associated osteolysis calvaria in Wistar rats (R. norvegicus) as documented immunohistochemically.
Intracranial Myopericytoma: A Rare Benign Tumor at an Extremely Rare Location
Authors: Shrivastav Ashish Kumar , Garg Manish , Aiyer Hema Malini , Sharma Gaurav , Prachi Prachi
Published: June 2022

A 50-year-old female presented with a history of seizures, headache, nausea, and vomiting. On imaging, parafalcine meningioma with mass effect features was rendered. She underwent right frontal tumor excision and craniotomy. Pathological examination showed a tumor composed of syncytial aggregates of round to plump fusiform cells forming whorls around prominent branching congested vessels. The tumorous cells expressed α-smooth actin and heavy-chain caldesmon and were negative for epithelial membrane antigen, protein S100, HMB45, CD34, calponin, and desmin, thus providing the final diagnosis of intracranial myopericytoma.

The rarity of this benign tumor at an extremely rare location prompted this study. As preoperative radiological investigations are nonspecific in such cases, a detailed and comprehensive pathological examination is mandatory to come to a definitive diagnosis.
Effect of Preoperative Serum Transthyretin Levels on Postoperative Clinical Results and Morbidity in Patients Undergoing Spinal Surgery
Authors: Gürer Bora , Hayri Kertmen
Published: June 2022

Introduction This study aims to investigate the effects of preoperative serum transthyretin (TTR) levels on surgical success, pain scores, and postoperative morbidity.

Methods Note that, in our clinic, 188 patients who were operated for spinal pathologies between June 2010 and January 2011 were included in this study. Blood samples were drawn from all patients on the morning of surgery and then serum TTR measurements were made. Demographic data of all patients were collected, and then their preoperative and postoperative neurological examinations, Karnofsky scores, visual analog scale (VAS) scores, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores, postoperative infection and wound healing status, hospital stay, and morbidity levels were recorded and TTR levels were compared.

Results When preoperative TTR level of patients were low, their Karnofsky scores decreased, ODI scores increased, the early postoperative VAS and late postoperative VAS values increased, and the length of hospital stay was increased. Moreover, in patients with low TTR levels, postoperative Karnofsky scores were lower, postoperative ODI levels were higher, postoperative early and late VAS scores were higher, hospital stays were longer, peroperative complication rates were higher, wound infection rates were higher, the delay in wound site healing was higher, and the morbidity rate was higher.

Conclusion Consequently, preoperative low TTR levels have been reported to be an effective parameter that can be used to predict surgical results, wound infection and wound site healing status, perioperative complications, and morbidity in spinal surgery.
Antiphospholipid Syndrome in Patients with Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Pengo Vittorio , Denas Gentian
Published: June 2022

Unprovoked (or provoked by mild risk factors) venous thromboembolism (VTE) in young patients, VTE in uncommon sites, or cases of unexplained VTE recurrence may be positive for antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) and thus may be diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). The evaluation of aPL is standardized using immunological tests for anticardiolipin and anti-β2-glycoprotein I. The determination of functional antibodies (lupus anticoagulant) is less standardized, especially in patients on anticoagulant treatment. Patients positive for all the three tests are at high risk of recurrence, which, in turn, might lead to chronic obstruction of pulmonary vessels (chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension). Randomized clinical trials have shown that triple-positive patients should be treated with vitamin K antagonists maintaining an international normalized ratio between 2 and 3. Whether patients with VTE and incomplete aPL profile can be treated with direct oral anticoagulants should be further investigated.
Schooling Ain’t Learning in Europe: A Club Convergence Perspective
Authors: Glawe Linda , Mendez Carlos
Published: June 2022

Convergence in human capital is a key precondition to achieve income convergence in the European Union; however, so far research on this topic has nearly been absent. Our paper contributes to the literature by investigating the human capital convergence dynamics within the EU over the period 1990–2016 using a nonlinear dynamic factor model. While we find evidence of absolute convergence with respect to the average years of schooling, we identify four convergence clubs with respect to learning outcomes, and the divergence across those four clubs is increasing over time. A subsequent analysis of the determinants of the learning clubs reveals that institutional and learning spillovers are decisive for whether an EU Member State is on a high or low human capital trajectory.
A cryogenic torsion balance using a liquid-cryogen free, ultra-low vibration cryostat
Authors: Fleischer S. M. , Ross M. P. , Venkateswara K. , Hagedorn C. A. , Shaw E. A. , Swanson E. , Heckel B. R. , Gundlach J. H.
Published: June 2022

We describe a liquid-cryogen free cryostat with ultra-low vibration levels, which allows for continuous operation of a torsion balance at cryogenic temperatures. The apparatus uses a commercially available two-stage pulse-tube cooler and passive vibration isolation. The torsion balance exhibits torque noise levels lower than room temperature thermal noise by a factor of about four in the frequency range of 3–10 mHz, limited by residual seismic motion and by radiative heating of the pendulum body. In addition to lowering thermal noise below room-temperature limits, the low-temperature environment enables novel torsion balance experiments. Currently, the maximum duration of a continuous measurement run is limited by accumulation of cryogenic surface contamination on the optical elements inside the cryostat.
Time–thermo-dynamics of anti-Stokes and Stokes scattering and luminescence in 1-nm silicon nanoparticles: Toward an optical nanorefrigerator
Authors: Nayfeh Munir H. , Morgan Huw , Nayfeh Ammar , Bahceci Ersin , Abuhassan Laila
Published: June 2022

The thermodynamics of nanosystems is interesting, as they constitute the transition between the atomistic and solid states. This is empowered by the development of tools to manipulate individual atoms and perform atomistic simulations and fundamental thermos-science, such as microscopic time-symmetry and macroscopic time-asymmetry, the origin of time’s arrow, and photo-cryo-refrigeration. We examine here the photo-thermo and time dynamics in 1-nm silicon nanoparticles with tetrahedral-molecular core–shell structure prepared ex situ and suspended in solvents or re-constituted in films. We examined the temperature dependence of the quantum efficiency and time-dynamics of the Stokes luminescence and its energy dependence across the band. With temperature, we get flat lifetimes but with delay in the onset in agreement with a model calculation of above barrier emission. Our atomistic time-dependent density functional theory shows that Stokes heating takes place in the molecular-like shell where the lifetime is in the nanosecond regime, whereas anti-Stokes cooling takes place in the tetrahedral core where the lifetime is in the ms regime. Unlike doped glasses, we observed a 2-order of magnitude increase in the quantum efficiency of the Stokes luminescence at 10° K. The increase in the quantum efficiency at low temperature, the high quantum efficiency of stimulated anti-Stokes scattering and its anti-correlation with the luminescence, and the visible transparency/blindness due to quantum confinement are requirements for solid state photo-cooling, which may afford an all-silicon photo-cryo-refrigeration, with potential full integration into the CMOS silicon industry.
Greenhouse gas emissions: A rapid submerge of the world
Authors: Gowrisankar A. , Priyanka T. M. C. , Saha Asit , Rondoni Lamberto , Kamrul Hassan Md. , Banerjee Santo
Published: June 2022

The investigation of worldwide climate change is a noticeable exploration topic in the field of sciences. Outflow of greenhouse gases in the environment is the main reason behind the worldwide environmental change. Greenhouse gases retain heat from the sun and prompt the earth to become more sultry, resulting in global warming. In this article, a model based technique is proposed to forecast the future climate dynamics globally. Using past data on annual greenhouse gas emissions and per capita greenhouse gas emissions, the fractal curves are generated and a forecast model called the autoregressive integrated moving average model has been employed to anticipate the future scenario in relation to climate change and its impact on sea-level rise. It is necessary to forecast the climate conditions before the situations become acute. Policy measures aimed at lowering CO2 and other greenhouse gas emissions, or at least slowing down their development, will have a substantial effect on future warming of the earth.
Spatially and spectrally resolved multicore optical fiber sensor with polarization sensitivity
Authors: Hou Y. , Jung Y.
Published: June 2022

We design and fabricate a multicore fiber sensor with the end facets of cores patterned with one-dimensional sub-wavelength Au wire grid polarizers, which are aligned either radially or azimuthally on the cross section of the fiber. With a fan-out device bridging the individual cores and external single core fibers followed by a compact spectrometer, it is able to spatially detect the light intensity, spectrum, and polarization states of the incident light in a highly integrated format. These multicore fiber sensors offer a new opportunity to simultaneously measure multiple optical parameters by a single operation.
Lattice Boltzmann model for the low-Mach number variable-density flow
Authors: Yuan Xuyao , Wei Wei , Fang Zhenlong , Chen Yong
Published: June 2022

In this work, we present a pressure-based double-population lattice Boltzmann model for the low-Mach number variable-density flow. The model is simple, stable, and purely local. The asymptotic analysis of the model indicates that it recovers the continuity, momentum, and energy equations describing the low-Mach number variable-density flow. The comparisons between the simulation results using the proposed model and the numerical data reported by previous studies demonstrate that the model can accurately predict the drag coefficient and the Nusselt number for a sphere and a prolate ellipsoid in low-Mach number variable-density flow over a wide range of Reynolds numbers.
M-center in low-energy electron irradiated 4H-SiC
Authors: Knežević T. , Hadžipašić A. , Ohshima T. , Makino T. , Capan I.
Published: June 2022

We report on the low-energy electron irradiated 4H-SiC material studied by means of deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) and Laplace-DLTS. Electron irradiation has introduced the following deep level defects: EH1 and EH3 previously assigned to carbon interstitial-related defects. We propose that EH1 and EH3 are identical to M1 and M3, also recently assigned to carbon interstitial defects, and assign them to Ci=(h) and Ci0 (h), respectively.
Surface plasmon-assisted control of the phase of photo-induced spin precession
Authors: Kazlou A. , Kaihara T. , Razdolski I. , Stupakiewicz A.
Published: June 2022

We demonstrate surface plasmon-assisted control of a photo-magnetic spin precession phase in hybrid noble metal–dielectric magneto-plasmonic crystals. The plasmon-driven photo-magnetic excitation of the spin precession in the dielectric was performed by means of a time-resolved magneto-optical method in the near-infrared spectral range. We show, both experimentally and numerically, that a surface plasmon-polariton resonance results in the phase reversal of the spin precession. We discuss the similarity of plasmonic excitations in metal–dielectric bilayers to the action of photo-magnetic stimuli with orthogonal linear polarization in dielectrics. These results demonstrate rich possibilities of plasmonic excitations beyond conventional enhancement of the electric field intensity and indicate high promise of magneto-plasmonics for photo-magnetism at the nanoscale.
Modelling light-absorbing particle–snow–radiation interactions and impacts on snow albedo: fundamentals, recent advances and future directions
Authors: He Cenlin
Published: June 2022

Environmental context Snow albedo plays an important role in the Earth environment. Light-absorbing particles (LAPs) can significantly impact snow albedo through complex interactions and feedbacks over the global cryosphere. This study provides a unique review of the fundamentals, recent advances, challenges and future research directions in modelling LAP–snow–radiation interactions and impacts on snow albedo. Abstract Snow albedo plays a critical role in the Earth system through a strong positive climate feedback, modulating surface energy and water balance. Light-absorbing particles (LAPs), including black carbon, mineral dust, brown carbon, volcanic ash and snow algae, have been found to substantially reduce snow albedo and accelerate snow/ice melting across the global cryosphere. In the past decades, substantial observational and modelling efforts have been made to advance the understanding and quantification of LAP–snow–radiation interactions and impacts on snow albedo and hydro-climate, with important uncertainties still remaining. Here we provide a unique review of the fundamentals and recent scientific advances in modelling LAP–snow–radiation interactions from microscopic (particle level) to macroscopic (bulk snow optical properties and albedo) perspectives. We also discuss the current challenges and potential research directions on this topic to shed light on future studies.
Surface ozone in southeast Tibet: variations and implications of tropospheric ozone sink over a highland
Authors: Chen Yi , Lin Weili , Xu Xiaobin , Zheng Xiangdong
Published: June 2022

Environment context One-year-long on-line measurements of surface O3 and CO mixing ratios were performed on the southeast Tibetan Plateau to examine O3 behaviour. During the daytime, the O3 mixing ratio was strongly affected by vertical air exchange. The O3 mixing ratio was high in the afternoon and decreased at night, indicating a sink of tropospheric O3. The upper limit of the tropospheric O3 sink averaged from 4.5 to 5.5 ppb h−1. Rationale Ozone (O3) behaviour over the Tibetan Plateau has attracted attention in recent decades. However, few long-term measurements have been performed in the region. Methodology Field observations were conducted at a mountain site on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau from June 2014 to July 2015 in order to understand the behaviour of surface O3 and its influencing factors. Backward trajectory cluster analysis was applied to understand long-range transport sources and their relative contributions. Results The monthly average O3 ranged from 22.1 to 48.6 ppb with a common high spring ozone concentration phenomenon. The O3 diurnal variation exhibited a similar pattern to those in polluted areas but the cause was different. The O3 mixing ratio was significantly positively correlated with mixed-layer depth and wind speed, and negatively with temperature and relative humidity, indicating strong vertical air exchange. Approximately 50% of air mass trajectories originated from the northeastern Bengal Bay region, with fairly low O3 (CO) mixing ratios and high humidity. Others originated from the north Indian subcontinent (28%) and the Middle East (18%), with fairly high O3 (and CO) and low humidity. Discussion The average relative contributions of different air masses to surface O3 and CO were small and scattered but large for trajectories arriving at 14:00 hours when vertical air exchange was close to its strongest for the day. The tropospheric O3 sink may be common in the highlands, indicating a negative greenhouse effect there. The O3 sink at Linzhi was estimated in the range of 4.5–5.5 ppb h−1 at maximum.