bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stable synthesis mechanism and photocatalytic properties of TiO2 nanocrystals with different morphologies derived from potassium titanate nanowires
Authors: Chai Meng , Yuan Bo , Ban Yao , Guo Jing , Lou Huifang , Kang Hongyuan , Zhang Qiaoling , Liu Zhiwei , Zhang Dongming
Published: February 2025

The pH value of the hydrothermal solution was changed by changing the washing ways of R-KTNWs to adjust the morphology and photocatalytic activity of TiO2 particles.
Chemical CO2 fixation by a heterogenised Zn(ii)-hydrazone complex
Authors: Heydari Neda , Bikas Rahman , Lis Tadeusz
Published: February 2025

Synthesis and characterization of a heterogeneous catalyst based on a silica supported Zn(ii)–hydrazone complex and its activity in the chemical CO2 fixation reaction have been reported.
Activation of peroxymonosulfate for rhodamine-B removal from water: enhanced efficiency with cobalt-enriched, magnetically recoverable CNTs
Authors: Abdel-Salam M. O. , Farghal Hebatullah H. , El Sawy Ehab , Yoon Taeho , El-Sayed Mayyada M. H.
Published: February 2025

Graphical illustration of the degradation of organic pollutants via the advanced oxidation process.
Ultra-slow self-similar coarsening of physical fibrillar gels formed by semiflexible polymers
Authors: Kroger Martin , Luap Clarisse , Ilg Patrick
Published: February 2025

Biopolymers tend to form fibrils that self-assemble into open network structures. While permanently crosslinked flexible polymers are relatively well understood, structure--property relationships of open networks and pseudo-gels formed by bundles...
Selectivity studies and modification strategies for high-efficiency photocatalytic CO2 reduction to methanol products
Authors: Zhang Ping , Tuerhong Reyila , Yu Yongchong , Lan Yapeng , Zhang Yu , Su Xiaoping , Han Lijuan
Published: February 2025

Research on photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) has extensively progressed.
Direct and chemoselective transformation of cysteine to dehydroalanine on peptides
Authors: Mori Taiki , Sakata Kazuki , Shirakawa Seiji
Published: February 2025

A direct method for the preparation of peptides containing a dehydroalanine residue was developed through the chemoselective transformation of a cysteine residue in peptides, under the influence of cesium carbonate.
Tailoring the local environment of Ln3+ in pyridine-based complexes: effect on the thermodynamic, kinetic, structural and relaxation properties
Authors: Sanadar Martina , Collobert Loeza , Martin Harlei , Morfin Jean-François , Garda Zoltán , Pallier Agnès , Gambarelli Serge , Melchior Andrea , Bonnet Célia S.
Published: February 2025

The replacement of one or two negatively charged carboxylate functions by neutral pyridine or imidazole pendant groups in pyridine-based polyaminopolycarboxylate ligands was investigated. Four ligands were synthesized and the thermodynamic,...
Atomistic insight into the interaction of aspartic acid species with calcium carbonate: Model development.
Authors: Demichelis Raffaella , Armstrong Blake I , Raiteri Paolo , Gale Julian
Published: February 2025

The development of models that allow access to atomic-scale information is crucial for expanding our understanding of interfacial processes that enable the formation and growth of biominerals in both abiotic...
A fluorescent probe based on benzothiazole and benzoindole for detecting hydrazine in various applications
Authors: Yang Junjie , Xu Xianjun , Yan Liqiang , Wu Xiongzhi
Published: February 2025

The compound hydrazine (N2H4) has a wide range of applications in the chemical industry. However, the widespread use and improper handling of N2H4 pose potential risks to human health and...
Hydrothermal synthesis of Zn-doped CuS as a binder-free positive electrode material for supercapacitor applications
Authors: Guo Rui , Sun Yuxin , Jiang Junlai , Zhang Limei , Ji Zhengyang , Jiang Yi
Published: February 2025

Transition metal sulphides have received much attention due to their high theoretical specific capacity and good electrochemical stability.
Improving Electroluminescence Efficiency and Operational Lifetime of Multi-Resonance Emitters with Bipolar Host Materials
Authors: Liu Zhangshan , Guo Ting , Yang Dezhi , Ma Dongge , Tang Ben Zhong , Zhao Zujin
Published: February 2025

Multi-resonance (MR) thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials often face the challenges of concentration-caused emission quenching and severe exciton loss at high voltages. They have to be dispersed in proper...
Asymmetric synthesis of metallocenes with planar and central chirality by rhodium-catalyzed desymmetrization reactions
Authors: Hang Nan-Nan , Tong En-Guang , Qi Ting , Sun Chao , Ming Jialin
Published: February 2025

Metallocenes with planar and central chirality has emerged as a privileged skeleton for chiral ligand design, and such ligands have exhibited tremendous success in various asymmetric catalysis protocols. Herein, we...
Neuroadaptive Control of Nonholonomic Systems With Function Constraints: Theory and Experiment
Authors: Gao Yang , Zhang Zhongcai , Jiang Nan , Wu Yuqiang
Published: February 2025

This article considers the stabilization control for a class of chained nonholonomic systems, which are subject to state constraints, external disturbances, and model uncertainties. The studied system is structured in a cascaded form with two subsystems, and the constraint boundaries are functions of both states and time. Then, a unified framework based on state transformations is investigated to implement the constraints on all subsystems. Meanwhile, the neural network technique is used to deal with the system uncertainties. Combined with backstepping method, an adaptive controller is designed to achieve the desired stabilization objectives. The proposed control method is applied to mobile robot systems, and the effectiveness is verified through simulation and experiment.
Impact of Social Factors on Generation Z’s Buying Decision Process of Organic Facial Care Products in Thailand
Authors: Changchenkit Chuenjit , Sutthachai Chongrak
Published: February 2025

The objectives of this research were to study Generation Z’s buying decision process towards organic facial care products. Besides, impact of social factors, including family and reference group, on buying decision process were measured. Quantitative research consisting of 500 samples was employed via online survey by using convenience sampling method at the confidence level of 95%. The results showed that most of the respondents were female, studying in high school and earned less than 10,000 baht per month. Besides, social factors of organic facial care products buying were raised mainly through reference group factors. Additionally, buying decision process was in a high level, especially in the alternative evaluation process. From hypothesis testing, overall buying decision process was positively affected by family and reference group. Reference group factors played the important role that had the major impact on buying decision process. It was recommended that organic facial care producers or sellers should employ influencers as main contact points to drive sale revenues and building trust through testimonial of the products.
The impact of Japanese sports animation on sports participation, cultural identity and economic awareness among Chinese and Japanese youth
Authors: Yokose Eita
Published: February 2025

This study scrutinizes the multifaceted impact of Japanese sports anime on youth in China and Japan in terms of three key dimensions: sports participation, cultural identity, and economic awareness. Through ten in-depth interviews on these aspects from Japan and China each, this study discloses that sports anime significantly motivates young people to engage in various sports activities and to stimulate values like teamwork and perseverance. The findings of this study also designate that sports anime enhances cultural identity by fostering a shared understanding of collectivism and sportsmanship among adolescents in both countries, although there are some differences between these countries. With regard to economics, the study accentuates the influence of sports anime on consumer behaviours among youth in these countries, as engagement with these shows increases awareness of sports brands and merchandise that is helpful for purchase. Overall, this study underscores the significant role of sports anime as a powerful medium for cultural exchange and economic influence in the formation of the identities, attitudes, and behaviours of youth in China and Japan.
The Reshaping and Dissemination Mechanism of Traditional Culture by Digital Technology: A Case Study of Chinese Cultural Variety Shows
Authors: Yulin Zhou
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the transformative impact of digital technologies on the presentation and dissemination of traditional Chinese culture through the lens of popular cultural TV shows. By analyzing programs such as Chinese Poetry Conference and National Treasure, we explore how digital technologies reshape cultural content, alter transmission mechanisms, and influence audience engagement with traditional culture. Employing a mixed-method approach, including case studies, content analysis, and audience surveys, this research reveals that digital technologies significantly enhance the accessibility and appeal of traditional culture, particularly among younger demographics. The study finds that augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and interactive platforms create immersive cultural experiences, fostering deeper cultural understanding and identification. However, it also highlights challenges in balancing technological innovation with cultural authenticity. This research contributes to the understanding of cultural heritage preservation in the digital age and offers practical insights for the cultural creative industry.
Solidarity Amidst Hardship: Female Animal Narratives in The Help
Authors: Du Yue
Published: February 2025

The Help tells the story of racial segregation in Jackson, Mississippi, in the early 1960s. In the novel, animals symbolize the marginalized existence of white and black women under male and racial oppression. White women are demeaned in marriage and the workplace, while black women face silence regarding bodily and linguistic rights. This paper, from a feminist and postcolonial perspective, integrates animal criticism to examine the portrayal of animals like cockroaches, bears, and dogs, illustrating the existential dilemma of these women and exploring ways to overcome these challenges. It argues that Stockett depicts both groups’ discourses as ineffective under patriarchy and racism but also highlights the positive aspects of inter-female assistance across racial lines and the inevitable breakdown of racial segregation.
Identifying Grammatical Issues in Translation: Methods and Prospects for Technical Education Students
Authors: Iroda Khajieva , Risolat Iskandarova
Published: February 2025

This article explores methods for identifying grammatical issues in translations by students of technical education, with a focus on the challenges presented by specialized vocabulary and grammar structures in technical texts. It reviews various tools and methodologies, such as software tools and peer reviews, designed to enhance students’ translation skills. The study discusses common errors like tense confusion and subject-verb agreement, while offering solutions for improving grammatical accuracy in technical translations. The importance of grammar in maintaining meaning, precision, and clarity is emphasized, particularly in technical and specialized fields. Furthermore, the article highlights the role of context-specific training in technical language acquisition, noting that general grammar rules may not always apply seamlessly to specialized terminology.
Transkulturelle Klinische Psychologie: Zurück in die Zukunft?
Authors: Heim Eva , von Lersner Ulrike
Published: February 2025

Im Juni 2024 fand in Berlin der 3. Deutsche Psychotherapiekongress statt. Dabei wurde deutlich: Die transkulturelle Psychotherapie (TKP) lebt und gewinnt an Bedeutung. Bisher wurde die TKP in den Subdisziplinen der Klinischen Psychologie unterschiedlich verfolgt. Wir erachten die Kultursensitivität als allgemeinen schulenübergreifenden Wirkfaktor, dem die klinisch-psychologische Forschung und Praxis vermehrt Beachtung schenken sollte.
Transkulturelle Gesundheitssysteme: ein stufengerechter Ansatz
Authors: Stöckli Rilana Tanja , Nöthinger Julia , Scholer Martine , Aebersold Monia
Published: February 2025

Ein bedürfnisorientiertes, transkulturell anwendbares Gesundheitssystem ermöglicht traumatisierten geflüchteten Menschen einen chancengerechten Zugang. Geschulte Laien und Fachpersonen können in einer kultursensitiven Weise frühzeitig mit Orientierung und Ressourcen unterstützen – eine notwendige Investition angesichts der überlasteten hochschwelligen Therapieangebote.
Fallbericht Obdachlosigkeit und Inobhutnahme
Authors: Georgius Kristin , Job Ann-Katrin , Stach Laura , Steinmetzer Lucia
Published: February 2025

Eine Familie sucht den Weg zurück in die „Normalität“: Die Eltern, Frau B. (35 Jahre) und Herr D. (42 Jahre) waren die letzten 3 Jahre obdachlos. Die beiden großen Töchter Emma (12) und Mia (4) wurden vom Jugendamt in Obhut genommen. Nach der Geburt ihres 3. Kindes Leon (1) gelingt der Klientin aus einer Mutter-Kind-Einrichtung der Sprung in eine eigene Wohnung. Die Mutter wünscht sich, wieder als gesamte Familie mit ihrem Partner und allen Kindern zusammenzuleben.
Die Rolle der Atmungstherapeuten im Weaning von der invasiven Beatmung – Eine Tätigkeitsbeschreibung aus einem zertifizierten Weaning-Zentrum
Authors: Neetz Benjamin , Iberl Gabriele , Kraus Nicole , Weißmann Cornelia , Bornitz Florian , Müller Michael Martin , Reinhardt Lars , Herth Felix , Michels Julia , Trudzinski Franziska
Published: February 2025

Atmungstherapeuten DGP werden seit 2005 über eine berufsbegleitende Weiterbildung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin e.V. (DGP) ausgebildet. Ein Schwerpunkt der Weiterbildung sind Interventionen im Rahmen der Entwöhnung von der invasiven Beatmung. In der Thoraxklinik Heidelberg sind „Atmungstherapeuten DGP“ seit über 10 Jahren integraler Bestandteil des therapeutischen Teams. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt die Aufgaben und Tätigkeitsbereiche der Atmungstherapeuten in der Thoraxklinik Heidelberg im Rahmen der Beatmungsentwöhnung. Hierbei werden die akute Behandlungsphase der invasiv beatmeten Patienten auf der Akutintensivstation und die Phase des prolongierten Weanings auf der pneumologischen Intensivstation in einem chronologischen Ablauf dargestellt. Die jeweiligen therapeutischen Schwerpunkte werden aufgezeigt und beschrieben.
Remote Patient Monitoring after TKA - What Surgeons Need to Know
Authors: Chang Kevin Chun Luk , Stelmach John P , Scuderi Giles R.
Published: February 2025

Multiple new technologies have been introduced in recent years to allow for remote patient monitoring after total knee arthroplasty. These tools allow for the recording and transmission of various types of data from the patient to the surgeon throughout a recovery course without necessitating an in-person office visit.
Remote patient monitoring has the ability to improve patient outcomes and experience throughout the rehabilitation period by providing much more data on patient progress than has been available in the past. However, these technologies are available in many forms, and different formats provide different types of data that may be of variable utility depending on surgeon preference and training. In this article, we will review different forms of remote patient monitoring; benefits associated with each; and recommendations for incorporating remote patient monitoring into a knee arthroplasty practice.
Safety of Lorlatinib in Patients with Unresectable Advanced ALK-Positive Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Previously Treated with ALK Inhibitors: A Single-Arm, Open-Label, Phase IV Study in India
Authors: Batra Ullas , Gupta Vineet G. , Raut Nirmal , Patil Tushar , Panchal Harsha , Ghadyalpatil Nikhil , Pathak Anand , Desai Chirag , Bondarde Shailesh , Jain Minish , Reyes Christian Russel , Parvatini Shyam , Pai Seema , Toffalorio Francesca , Thurm Holger , Biswas Bivas
Published: February 2025

Lorlatinib is approved in India for patients with previously treated anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)–positive advanced or recurrent non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Owing to the limited number of Indian patients in phase I/II and III studies, a postapproval study was conducted to report the safety and efficacy of lorlatinib in this patient population. In this phase IV study, patients with unresectable advanced and/or recurrent ALK-positive NSCLC resistant or intolerant to ≥1 prior ALK inhibitor were treated with lorlatinib. The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed incidence of treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs). Secondary endpoints were investigator-assessed objective response rate (ORR), intracranial ORR, duration of response (DOR), and intracranial DOR. Among the 100 patients enrolled, the most frequently reported TRAEs were hypertriglyceridemia (57%), hypercholesterolemia (57%), and weight increase (38%). The confirmed ORR and intracranial ORR by the investigator were 41% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 31.9–50.8%) and 36% (95% CI: 24.5–48.8%), respectively. The median systemic and intracranial DORs were not reached. The safety profile of lorlatinib was consistent with that reported in the phase I/II study. Lorlatinib showed a clinically meaningful improvement in ORR and intracranial ORR in patients with unresectable advanced ALK-positive NSCLC. These results support the use of lorlatinib in India for patients with previously treated ALK-positive advanced NSCLC.

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04541706.
How interest groups discern serious legislation from position-taking
Authors: Heberlig Eric S. , Larson Bruce A.
Published: February 2025

Legislators have an incentive to use legislative introductions to take positions for constituents and donors and to encourage these audiences to believe that the legislator is active on issues that they care about. Legislators hold asymmetrical information regarding their legislative efforts, however, and may want constituents and donors to believe that they are more active on the issue than they actually are. We argue that access-oriented interest groups have the most incentive and capacity, relative to ideological groups and individual donors, to distinguish legislators’ actual legislative efforts from their cheap talk. We argue that there are several features of the legislative process that allow interest groups to discern more serious legislative activity from cheap talk: the type of legislation (significant, substantive, or commemorative; business vs. non-business), the stages of the legislative process through which the bill progresses, and whether the sponsor is a member of the majority party. Using Volden and Wiseman’s Legislative Effectiveness data and campaign donations from the Federal Election Commission from the 101–116th Congresses (1990–2020), we demonstrate that access-oriented political action committees (PACs) use their lobbying intelligence to align their contributions with indicators of a legislator’s effort.
Impact of renewable energy intermittency and carbon tax on investment strategy for grid-connected microgrid in China
Authors: Liu Xia , Long Yong
Published: February 2025

Microgrid with renewable generation is encouraged to promote renewable energy penetration rate and emission abatement. In this paper, an optimization model with capacity constraints is constructed to investigate the impact of renewable energy intermittency (REI) and carbon tax on investment strategy for grid-connected microgrid (GCM) in China with three configuration types, including nonrenewable, mixed, and renewable GCMs. REI has two features, namely, the average availability and the volatility of availability, which represent the endowments of renewable energy sources. From theoretical derivation and numerical analysis, the main results are as follows: (1) by exploring the critical values of both features of REI and carbon tax under different GCM types, GCM with renewable generation is not applicable to all sites in China, and more abundant or stable endowments, or higher carbon taxes may lead to a shift to cleaner GCM types; (2) the impact of both features of REI on renewable capacity investment in mixed GCM is opposite, while the impact of the average availability on that in renewable GCM depends on the average availability because renewable capacity investment is limited by the local demand scale; (3) for GCM with renewable generation, carbon tax improves renewable capacity investment, carbon emission abatement, and consumer surplus, but it can hurt producers and may hinder renewable energy penetration rate and cause social welfare losses; and (4) from the numerical analysis, public attention to the environment should be raised, so that the society can benefit from the development of GCM with renewable generation under carbon tax.
Spatial description of dislocation nucleation in the shock response of single-crystal aluminum
Authors: Archer Andre , Campbell Kaitlyn , Spearot Douglas E.
Published: February 2025

Nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations of shock loaded single-crystal Al in the ⟨100⟩, ⟨110⟩, ⟨111⟩, and ⟨123⟩ orientations are conducted to study elastic and plastic shockwave formation and details associated with dislocation activity. A computer vision-based approach is implemented to capture the presence of dislocations and describe their spatial characteristics in the zone of nucleation behind the propagating shockwave. The methodology developed relies on the sequences of images extracted during shock loading that show dislocation activity within a cross section of the sample. Results reveal that the spacing between activated slip systems is orientation dependent and exhibits a modest reduction for the ⟨100⟩ and ⟨111⟩ orientations as shock pressure increases. Comparisons are made to existing theoretical models. Such relationships between shock pressure and dislocation activity, extracted from molecular dynamics simulations, can be used to inform higher length scale simulations or modeling of dislocation-based plasticity during shock.
Anomalous plasma evolution in the erosion process in high-power reactive magnetron sputtering
Authors: Cui Suihan , Yang Dongjie , Tang Shiyi , Ma Ziqi , Xiao Mengran , An Xiaokai , Lv Wei , Luo Wanli , Yu Qinfang , Liu Liangliang , Fu Ricky K. Y. , Chu Paul. K. , Wu Zhongzhen
Published: February 2025

During magnetron sputtering erosion, the change in the morphology and magnetic field of the target surface affects the plasma discharge. Especially in high power and reactive conditions, the plasma evolution during erosion determines the continuity and stability of the discharge. In this work, a global model with iterative modification of the erosion profile is established, by which the reactive sputtering of an Al target in Ar/N2 is simulated to study the plasma evolution and surface combination in the erosion process at different power densities. With increasing discharge power density, the electron density and electron temperature increase significantly to enhance plasma ionization. Consequently, the proportion of adsorbed N2 participating in surface combination decreases from 70% to 31%, while the proportions of N deposition and N-containing ion sub-plantation increase to 44% and 25%, respectively. In the erosion process, the proportion of N participating in surface combination remains essentially unchanged at low power densities. In contrast, at a large power density, N2 adsorption weakens, and the proportion of N-containing ion sub-plantation increases further from 25% to 37%, becoming the main reason for target poisoning. Calculation of the generation and consumption of target surface compounds reveals that the coverage rate of target surface compounds decreases and then increases in the sputtering process at a low power density, while that rises all the time at a large power density, leading to a severe target poisoning.
Slim multi-scale convolutional autoencoder-based reduced-order models for interpretable features of a complex dynamical system
Authors: Teutsch Philipp , Pfeffer Philipp , Sharifi Ghazijahani Mohammad , Cierpka Christian , Schumacher Jörg , Mäder Patrick
Published: February 2025

In recent years, data-driven deep learning models have gained significant importance in the analysis of turbulent dynamical systems. Within the context of reduced-order models, convolutional autoencoders (CAEs) pose a universally applicable alternative to conventional approaches. They can learn nonlinear transformations directly from data, without prior knowledge of the system. However, the features generated by such models lack interpretability. Thus, the resulting model is a black-box that effectively reduces the complexity of the system but does not provide insights into the meaning of the latent features. To address this critical issue, we introduce a novel interpretable CAE approach for high-dimensional fluid flow data that maintains the reconstruction quality of conventional CAEs and allows for feature interpretation. Our method can be easily integrated into any existing CAE architecture with minor modifications of the training process. We compare our approach to Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) and two existing methods for interpretable CAEs. We apply all methods to three different experimental turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection datasets with varying complexity. Our results show that the proposed method is lightweight, easy to train, and achieves relative reconstruction performance improvements of up to 6.4% over POD for 64 modes. The relative improvement increases to up to 229.8% as the number of modes decreases. In addition, our method delivers interpretable features similar to those of POD and is significantly less resource-intensive than existing CAE approaches, using less than 2% of the parameters. These approaches either trade interpretability for reconstruction performance or only provide interpretability to a limited extent.
Anomalous shot noise in a bad metal β-tantalum
Authors: Szurek Mateusz , Cheng Hanqiao , Pang Zilu , Zhang Yiou , Bacsa John , Urazhdin Sergei
Published: February 2025

We investigate the electronic shot noise produced by nanowires of β-Ta, an archetypal “bad” metal with resistivity near the Ioffe–Regel localization limit. The Fano factor characterizing the shot noise exhibits a strong dependence on temperature and is suppressed compared to the expectations for quasiparticle diffusion, but hopping transport is ruled out by the analysis of scaling with the nanowire length. These anomalous behaviors closely resemble those of strange metal nanowires, suggesting that β-Ta may host a correlated electron liquid. This material provides an accessible platform for exploring exotic electronic states of matter.
Two-component relativistic equation-of-motion coupled cluster for electron ionization
Authors: Yuwono Stephen H. , Li Run R. , Zhang Tianyuan , Li Xiaosong , DePrince A. Eugene
Published: February 2025

We present an implementation of the relativistic ionization-potential (IP) equation-of-motion coupled-cluster (EOMCC) with up to 3-hole–2-particle (3h2p) excitations that makes use of the molecular mean-field exact two-component framework and the full Dirac–Coulomb–Breit Hamiltonian. The closed-shell nature of the reference state in an X2C-IP-EOMCC calculation allows for accurate predictions of spin–orbit splittings in open-shell molecules without breaking degeneracies, as would occur in an excitation-energy EOMCC calculation carried out directly on an unrestricted open-shell reference. We apply X2C-IP-EOMCC to the ground and first excited states of the HCCX+ (X = Cl, Br, I) cations, where it is demonstrated that a large basis set (i.e., quadruple-zeta quality) and 3h2p correlation effects are necessary for accurate absolute energetics. The maximum error in calculated adiabatic IPs is on the order of 0.1 eV, whereas spin–orbit splittings themselves are accurate to ≈0.01 eV, as compared to experimentally obtained values.
Electrostatic lofting conditions of single dust particles on a solid surface
Authors: Pagán Muñoz José H. , Wang Xu , Horányi Mihály , Kvon Vladimir , Heijmans Luuk , Chaudhuri Manis , van de Kerkhof Mark , Yakunin Andrei M. , Krainov Pavel , Astakhov Dmitry
Published: February 2025

We present experimental results on the initial lofting conditions of single dust particles resting on a solid surface when exposed to a 120 eV electron beam. Lofting is characterized as a function of particle size (10–70 μm in radii) and shape (jagged vs spherical). Similar to previous measurements of particles lofted from a dust pile, vertical launch velocities show an inverse relationship with the particle size and broad distributions for same-sized particles. Different from piled dust, the lofting velocities of single particles depend only weakly on the shape of the particles as also found in modeling. It is shown that jagged single particles have lower lofting velocities than jagged piled particles, while spherical single particles are lofted at higher velocities, compared to spherical piled particles. Based on the patched charge model (PCM) for piled particles and PCM for single particles (PCM-SP) on a solid surface, these results indicate that differences in the formation of microcavities for different scenarios play a role in determining the charging and lofting of dust particles.
Volume-conserving method for dynamic contact line on complex surfaces
Authors: Chen Xiangbin , Han Tianyang , Pan Jieyun , Fuster Daniel , Zaleski Stéphane
Published: February 2025

In this study, we aim to improve the volume conservation of the interface advection method and the behavior of the triple point at small contact angles on arbitrary solid surfaces in a framework where volume-of-fluid methods and embedded solid representations are used to describe fluid and solid domains. We present a method with improved volume-conservation properties allowing for general solid boundaries. The method calculates the exact advected volume while accounting for the solid presence. In cases without solids, the existing method already maintains very good conservation. For configurations involving small contact angles, the solution focuses on accurately locating the triple point by identifying the intersection of the solid surface with the gas–liquid interface. To validate our approach, we tested the method with a relaxing sessile drop on both flat and cylindrical surfaces. Results demonstrate a significant improvement in accuracy, with a relative mass error reduced from 14% to 0.02%, and precise contact angles successfully achieved in the range of 5° to 165°.
Sediment mineral grain gradations on cavitation erosion of concrete material in high-velocity sediment-laden flow
Authors: Luo Xinyue , Guo Zhiping , Dong Zhiyong , Xu Hanran
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the effect of sediment mineral compositions on cavitation erosion in high-velocity flow within high-head flood release structures. The mechanisms by which different mineral grain gradations affect cavitation erosion on the concrete specimen were experimentally studied in a small looped water tunnel in this paper. Six primary mineral compositions (quartz, dolomite, feldspar, mica, calcite and pyroxene) were selected and sieved into coarse (d = 0.9–2.0 mm) and fine (d = 0.0385–0.154 mm) grain groups; the coarse and fine grains were categorized into mineral groups 1 and 2 with different Mohs hardness. Mineral grain water samples with mass percentages smaller than certain grain sizes (P < 15%, 33%, 50%, 68%, and 85%) were prepared, respectively. Pressures in cavitation and cavitation erosion zones were acquired in real-time by the pressure data acquisition system, and mineral grain concentrations were measured using the infrared suspended solid analyzer. The mass loss per hour of concrete specimen was used to represent cavitation erosion amount during a 4-h cavitation damage test. The experimental results showed that pressure and cavitation number in the cavitation zone decreased with a decrease in mass percentages smaller than a certain grain size of the mineral grain, and with increase in the Mohs hardness of the mineral compositions, while the pressure and cavitation number in the cavitation erosion zone increased. The accumulated cavitation erosion amount of the concrete specimen successively increased, and the extent of cavitation erosion on the concrete specimen surface aggravated, which exhibited a honeycombed morphology. It is concluded that both the decrease in mass percentages smaller than a certain grain size and the increase in the Mohs hardness of mineral compositions promoted the occurrence of cavitation in high-velocity flow, which led to the further development of cavitation erosion.
Pressure-regulated bandgap narrowing and photoelectric activity enhancement in layered halide compound GeI2
Authors: Li Zhongyang , Wang Yiming , Zeng Xiaohui , Zhou Shuo , Zhu Zhikai , Zhang Kai , Bu Kejun , Song Chengxuan , Shu Haiyun , Yan Shuai , Wang Dongbo , Yang Wenge , Liu Gang , Guo Yanfeng , Kong Lingping
Published: February 2025

Layered semiconductors offer distinct advantages for optoelectronically responsive heterojunction devices due to their strong light–matter interactions and weak interlayer van der Waals interactions, which enable exfoliation into adjustable thicknesses. However, their practical utility is often restricted by excessively wide bandgaps, which limit spectral response within the visible light range and reduce light absorption efficiency, thereby constraining broadband detection capabilities. In this study, pressure was employed as a tuning parameter to modulate the bandgap and optimize the photoelectric performance of the layered semiconductor GeI2. Structural stability under moderate compression (5 GPa) was confirmed through in situ Raman spectra and x-ray diffraction, with no evidence of phase transition. At 5 GPa, a remarkable five-order-of-magnitude enhancement in photoelectric activity was observed. In situ UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, supported by theoretical calculations, revealed that this enhancement is primarily driven by pressure-induced narrowing of the bandgap. These findings offer critical insights for designing two-dimensional broadband photodetectors with tailored bandgap properties and enhanced photoelectric response, contributing to advancing next-generation flexible optoelectronic devices.
Spectral imaging in crop monitoring and disease diagnosis: A comprehensive review
Authors: Laasli Salah-Eddine , Mokrini Fouad , Hari Amal , Assouguem Amine , Dababat Abdelfattah A. , Lahlali Rachid
Published: February 2025

Spectral imaging is a technique that captures and analyzes the spectral information of an object, such as its reflectance, transmittance, or fluorescence. It has been widely used in various fields, such as remote sensing, and food quality assessment. In recent years, spectral imaging has also emerged as a promising tool for crop disease diagnosis, as it can provide rapid, non-destructive, and accurate detection of plant pathogens and symptoms. This review aims to provide a concise overview of the principles, methods, applications, and challenges of spectral imaging in crop disease diagnosis. First, we introduce the basic remote sensing concepts and types of spectral imaging, such as hyperspectral, and multispectral imaging. Second, we discuss the main steps and techniques involved in spectral imaging analysis, such as image acquisition, processing, feature extraction, and classification. Third, we present some representative examples and applications of spectral imaging in crop disease diagnosis, such as fungal, bacterial, viral, and nematode infections. Finally, we highlight the importance of artificial intelligence integration alongside the current limitations and future directions of spectral imaging in crop disease diagnosis.
Design and commission of TPC prototype integrated with 266 nm UV laser
Authors: Chang Y. , Qi H.R. , She X. , Zhang J.X. , Yu C.X. , Yuan Z.Y. , Deng Z. , Wang J.C.
Published: February 2025

The Time Projection Chamber (TPC) serves as the baseline main tracking detector in the Circular Electron Positron Collider Reference Design Report (CEPC refTDR) and is vital for the International Linear Collider (ILC). To achieve high position resolution and dE/dx measurements, a TPC prototype with a UV laser tracking system was developed at the Institute of High Energy Physics, CAS. The prototype includes 6 layers of horizontal single-tracks, 3 layers of vertical multi-beam lasers around the TPC detector chamber, a fast electronics readout with 1000 channels, a Gaseous Electron Multiplier (GEM) detector with an active area of 200 mm × 200 mm. This paper discusses the designs for the drift chamber, field cage, endplate readout, UV laser tracking system, and DAQ system, along with the commissioning results. The results show the reconstruction of 6 laser layers and indicate that a spatial resolution of 97.6 μm is achieved after a 50 mm drift distance in a 0 T magnetic field. All findings indicate that the TPC detector prototype with the integrated UV laser system has been successfully developed and is prepared for further research.
The Structural Conception of Metaphysics
Authors: Thomasson Amie L
Published: February 2025

Theodore Sider proposed an alternative view of the project of metaphysics: that it has as its goal to determine the “fundamental structure of the world.” Sider generalizes the Armstrong/Lewis view that some predicates are “joint-carving,” in a way that enables us to ask whether any concept (including temporal concepts, modal concepts, logical concepts, etc.) is “joint-carving.” But in generalizing the view about natural kind terms to make it include all kinds of concepts, this approach assumes a kind of functional monism: assuming that all the terms in question (should) function to carve the world at its joints. This assumption prevents us from seeing the many different functions different sorts of language and concepts serve in our theories and our lives, and the different sorts of criteria by which they are appropriately evaluated.
International Validation and Refinement of Oncological Borderline Resectability Criteria for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using Tumor Burden Score to Predict Survival
Authors: Akabane Miho , Kawashima Jun , Altaf Abdullah , Woldesenbet Selamawit , Cauchy François , Aucejo Federico , Popescu Irinel , Kitago Minoru , Martel Guillaume , Ratti Francesca , Aldrighetti Luca , Poultsides George A. , Imaoka Yuki , Ruzzenente Andrea , Endo Itaru , Gleisner Ana , Marques Hugo P. , Oliveira Sara , Balaia Jorge , Lam Vincent , Hugh Tom , Bhimani Nazim , Shen Feng , Pawlik Timothy M.
Published: February 2025

Objective:

The aim of this study is to externally validate the original borderline resectability (BR) category for predicting overall survival (OS) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following resection and to assess whether incorporating the tumor burden score (TBS) and other clinical factors could enhance predictive accuracy.

Background:

A recent Japanese expert panel introduced a new HCC classification scheme: resectable (R), borderline resectable 1 (BR1), and borderline resectable 2 (BR2).

Methods:

Patients undergoing curative-intent hepatectomy for HCC (2000–2023) were classified as R, BR1, and BR2 using the original BR and a novel TBS-BR category. The TBS-BR category replaces BR’s categorical tumor morphology factors with the continuous TBS (TBS² = [maximum tumor diameter]² + [number of tumors]²). Multivariable analysis identified oncologic, morphometric, and patient-level factors associated with OS, which were incorporated into an online predictive tool.

Results:

Among 1766 patients, the original BR category grouped 1504 (85.2%) as R, 249 (14.1%) as BR1, and 13 (0.7%) as BR2. Utilizing the TBS-BR category, patients were reclassified as TBS-BR R (n = 684, 38.7%), BR1 (n = 1009, 57.1%), and BR2 (n = 73, 4.1%). Both the original and TBS-BR categories correlated with 5-year OS (original: 65.1%, 48.2%, 46.4%; TBS-BR: 70.8%, 58.3%, 40.0%; P < 0.001 for both; area under the curve: 0.54 vs 0.58). On multivariable analysis, TBS-BR1 (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.59 [1.20–2.09]; P = 0.001), TBS-BR2 (HR: 2.45 [1.47–4.07]; P < 0.001, reference: TBS-BR R), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class >2 (HR: 1.40 [1.09–1.80]; P = 0.007), albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score (HR: 1.51 [1.21–1.88]; P < 0.001), and log α-fetoprotein (AFP) (HR: 1.07 [1.03–1.11]; P < 0.001) were independently associated with OS. A TBS-BR composite model based on these factors (TBS-BR category, ASA class, ALBI score, and log AFP) was developed and made available online (https://makbn.shinyapps.io/BRHCC/). The model’s area under the receiver operating characteristic at 5 years (0.70) outperformed both the original BR (0.57) and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer classification (0.64).

Conclusions:

The TBS-BR composite model, integrating tumor morphology (TBS), tumor biology (log AFP), overall physical status (ASA class), and liver function (ALBI score) demonstrated superior predictive accuracy for OS compared with the original BR and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer classifications.
Incidence of Femur Fracture Post Hardware Removal in Children With Cerebral Palsy Who Have Undergone Varus Derotational Osteotomy
Authors: Montufar Wright Parma E. , da Almeida Silva Luiz Carlos , Howard Jason J. , Raab Sarah , Rogers Kenneth J. , Lindgren Amelia , Miller Freeman , Trionfo Arianna , Shrader Michael Wade
Published: February 2025

Background:

Children with cerebral palsy (CP) often undergo hip reconstruction through proximal femoral varus derotation osteotomy (VDRO), with orthopaedic implants used for fixation. Posthealing, hardware may be retained or removed, either reactively due to complications or prophylactically. The controversy surrounding implant removal persists. This study aimed to compare the rate of proximal femoral fractures in children with CP who retained their hardware versus those who had it removed after VDRO. A secondary aim was to identify fracture risk factors after VDRO and report complications related to hardware removal.

Methods:

This retrospective study included 334 children who met inclusion (VDRO procedure) and exclusion (<2 y postoperative follow-up) criteria; 122 were eligible for the hardware removal group. Patients were followed from the initial VDRO to 2 years, hardware removal, or fracture. After removal, follow-up continued for a minimum of 2 years or until fracture. Frequency distribution summarized categorical variables, while mean and range were used for continuous variables. Median and interquartile range (IQR) was utilized for non-normally distributed data. χ2 testing determined fracture risk factors post-hardware removal, with a significance level set at P-value <0.05.

Results:

Of 334 patients, 11 (3%) experienced a peri-implant fracture after VDRO; 8 (2%) occurred within 2 years. The median time to fracture was 1.3 years (IQR, 3.2; range, 0.0 to 12.4). In the hardware removal group, 10 (5%) of 212 patients fractured postremoval, all within 2 years. The mean time from removal to fracture was 0.48±0.65 years (range, 0.02 to 1.94). Significant risk factors included prior VDRO revision surgery (P=0.029) and hardware removal within 1 year post-VDRO (P=0.007).

Conclusion:

No significant difference in fracture rates was found between the 2 groups. However, patients with prior revision surgery or hardware removed within 1 year post-VDRO faced increased fracture risks. This study provides evidence to proceed with caution when removing hardware if a patient has had prior revision surgery and to wait at least 1 year after VDRO to remove proximal femoral implants.

Level of Evidence:

Level III.
Artificial intelligence in medical imaging: From task-specific models to large-scale foundation models
Authors: Bian Yueyan , Li Jin , Ye Chuyang , Jia Xiuqin , Yang Qi
Published: February 2025

Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly deep learning, has demonstrated remarkable performance in medical imaging across a variety of modalities, including X-ray, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound, positron emission tomography (PET), and pathological imaging. However, most existing state-of-the-art AI techniques are task-specific and focus on a limited range of imaging modalities. Compared to these task-specific models, emerging foundation models represent a significant milestone in AI development. These models can learn generalized representations of medical images and apply them to downstream tasks through zero-shot or few-shot fine-tuning. Foundation models have the potential to address the comprehensive and multifactorial challenges encountered in clinical practice. This article reviews the clinical applications of both task-specific and foundation models, highlighting their differences, complementarities, and clinical relevance. We also examine their future research directions and potential challenges. Unlike the replacement relationship seen between deep learning and traditional machine learning, task-specific and foundation models are complementary, despite inherent differences. While foundation models primarily focus on segmentation and classification, task-specific models are integrated into nearly all medical image analyses. However, with further advancements, foundation models could be applied to other clinical scenarios. In conclusion, all indications suggest that task-specific and foundation models, especially the latter, have the potential to drive breakthroughs in medical imaging, from image processing to clinical workflows.
Artificial intelligence in endoscopic diagnosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and precancerous lesions
Authors: Zhou Nuoya , Yuan Xianglei , Liu Wei , Luo Qi , Liu Ruide , Hu Bing
Published: February 2025

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) poses a significant global health challenge, necessitating early detection, timely diagnosis, and prompt treatment to improve patient outcomes. Endoscopic examination plays a pivotal role in this regard. However, despite the availability of various endoscopic techniques, certain limitations can result in missed or misdiagnosed ESCCs. Currently, artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted endoscopic diagnosis has made significant strides in addressing these limitations and improving the diagnosis of ESCC and precancerous lesions. In this review, we provide an overview of the current state of AI applications for endoscopic diagnosis of ESCC and precancerous lesions in aspects including lesion characterization, margin delineation, invasion depth estimation, and microvascular subtype classification. Furthermore, we offer insights into the future direction of this field, highlighting potential advancements that can lead to more accurate diagnoses and ultimately better prognoses for patients.