bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análise probabilística de colisões veiculares pelo método de Monte Carlo
Authors: Carvalho Henrique P. , Armigliato Affonso , Almeida Lino L. , Correia Antônio R. , De Musis Carlo R.
Published: April 2016

Este trabalho apresenta um modelo para análise probabilística de perícias de colisão de veículos automotores, apresentando um modelo computacional flexível para avaliação da confiabilidade por simulação Monte Carlo. Os procedimentos desenvolvidos buscaram a representação estatística dos parâmetros ambientais e psicomotores, tais como coeficientes de atrito e ritmo de Reação, em uma simulação, com 10.000 iterações, da confiabilidade em um modelo bidimensional aplicado a um estudo de caso de colisão frontal envolvendo dois veículos de passeio, obtendo intervalos unilaterais e bilaterais para as variáveis estudadas.
Detecção de manchas de sangue pelo luminol onde houve entintamento das paredes – estudo de caso
Authors: Miranda Geraldo Elias , De Paula Washington Xavier , Romano Angela , Santos Valéria Rosalina Dias E , Melani Rodolfo Francisco H
Published: April 2016

O luminol é um teste presuntivo para detecção de manchas de sangue, muito sensível, efetivo e seletivo. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a eficácia do luminol na detecção de sangue após o entintamento das paredes em um local onde ocorreu um homicídio. Os peritos se dirigiram para a casa do suspeito e com o uso de uma espátula metálica retiraram parte do revestimento da parede do quarto e após nova aplicação do luminol observaram a mancha branco-azulada, intensa e de duração típica de sangue latente. Os fragmentos retirados da parede foram enviados para o laboratório de DNA que confirmou tratar-se de sangue da vítima. A aplicação dessa técnica no caso em questão encontrando manchas de sangue sob a pintura ajudou a perícia a traçar a dinâmica do evento, ficando mais clara a posição da vítima quando foi alvejada com tiros pelo seu agressor além de ligar aquele local à vítima. O luminol não é capaz de detectar sangue que está sob a tinta da parede. A deteção do sangue latente somente ocorre quando a camada de tinta é retirada.
On regular languages over power sets
Authors: Fernando Tim
Published: April 2016

The power set of a finite set is used as the alphabet of astring interpreting a sentence of Monadic Second-Order Logic so thatthe string can be reduced (in a straightforward way) to the symbolsoccurring in the sentence. Simple extensions to regular expressionsare described matching the succinctness of Monadic Second-OrderLogic. A link to Goguen and Burstall’s notion of an institution isforged, and applied to conceptions within natural language semanticsof time based on change.
Two-Year BMI Outcomes From a School-Based Intervention for Nutrition and Exercise: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Bogart Laura M. , Elliott Marc N. , Cowgill Burton O. , Klein David J. , Hawes-Dawson Jennifer , Uyeda Kimberly , Schuster Mark A.
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVES:

This study examined the long-term effects on BMI of a randomized controlled trial of Students for Nutrition and Exercise, a 5-week, middle school–based obesity prevention intervention combining school-wide environmental changes, encouragement to eat healthy school cafeteria foods, and peer-led education and marketing.

METHODS:

We randomly selected schools from the Los Angeles Unified School District and assigned 5 to the intervention group and 5 to a wait-list control group. Of the 4022 seventh-graders across schools, a total of 1368 students had their height and weight assessed at baseline and 2 years’ postintervention.

RESULTS:

A multivariable linear regression was used to predict BMI percentile at ninth grade by using BMI percentile at seventh grade, school indicators, and sociodemographic characteristics (child gender, age, Latino race/ethnicity, US-born status, and National School Lunch Program eligibility [as a proxy for low-income status]). Although the Students for Nutrition and Exercise intervention did not exhibit significant effects on BMI percentile overall, intervention students who were classified as obese at baseline (in seventh grade) showed significant reductions in BMI percentile in ninth grade (b = –2.33 percentiles; SE, 0.83; P = .005) compared with control students. This outcome translated into ∼9 pounds (∼4.1 kg) lower expected body weight after 2 years for an obese student in the intervention school at the mean height and age of the sample at baseline.

CONCLUSIONS:

Multilevel school-based interventions can have long-term effects on BMI among students who are obese. Future research should examine the mechanisms by which school-based obesity interventions can affect BMI over time.
Infant BMI or Weight-for-Length and Obesity Risk in Early Childhood
Authors: Roy Sani M. , Spivack Jordan G. , Faith Myles S. , Chesi Alessandra , Mitchell Jonathan A. , Kelly Andrea , Grant Struan F. A. , McCormack Shana E. , Zemel Babette S.
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND:

Weight-for-length (WFL) is currently used to assess adiposity under 2 years. We assessed WFL- versus BMI-based estimates of adiposity in healthy infants in determining risk for early obesity.

METHODS:

Anthropometrics were extracted from electronic medical records for well-child visits for 73 949 full-term infants from a large pediatric network. World Health Organization WFL and BMI z scores (WFL-z and BMI-z, respectively) were calculated up to age 24 months. Correlation analyses assessed the agreement between WFL-z and BMI-z and within-subject tracking over time. Logistic regression determined odds of obesity at 2 years on the basis of adiposity classification at 2 months.

RESULTS:

Agreement between WFL-z and BMI-z increased from birth to 6 months and remained high thereafter. BMI-z at 2 months was more consistent with measurements at older ages than WFL-z at 2 months. Infants with high BMI (≥85th percentile) and reference WFL (5th–85th percentiles) at 2 months had greater odds of obesity at 2 years than those with high WFL (≥85th percentile) and reference BMI (5th–85th percentiles; odds ratio, 5.49 vs 1.40; P < .001). At 2 months, BMI had a higher positive predictive value than WFL for obesity at 2 years using cut-points of either the 85th percentile (31% vs 23%) or 97.7th percentile (47% vs 29%).

CONCLUSIONS:

High BMI in early infancy is more strongly associated with early childhood obesity than high WFL. Forty-seven percent of infants with BMI ≥97.7th percentile at 2 months (versus 29% of infants with WFL ≥97.7th percentile at 2 months) were obese at 2 years. Epidemiologic studies focused on assessing childhood obesity risk should consider using BMI in early infancy.
Antonio Annino y Marcela Ternavasio (coords.). El laboratorio constitucional iberoamericano: 1807/1808-1830. Madrid: Iberoamericana-Estudios AHILA, 2012. 264 páginas
Authors: Dorta Vargas Miguel Felipe
Published: April 2016

En el quehacer del historiador cuando los temas de investigación cobran nuevos significantes que la historiografía, hasta su momento, no ha tenido en atención crítica, aquellos primeros se convierten en problemas modulares para la comunidad delegada a escudriñar el pasado. De esta forma, las redes de historiadores se encargan de dirigir sus preocupaciones hacia los asuntos que vuelven a aparecer en la palestra de las inquietudes y polémicas y, especialmente, cuando se trata de reorientar —para su explicación— problemas, como es el caso de las revoluciones de independencias hispanoamericanas, que se encuentran en cónsona celebración bicenteañera. Como parte de esta preocupación por establecer otras interpretaciones, se encuentra el constitucionalismo en Iberoamérica, como producto de las crisis monárquicas luso-españolas del siglo XIX, y que es el origen de “historia de trabajo”, como llaman sus coordinadores a este libro.
Javier Fernández Sebastián, dir. Diccionario político y social del mundo iberoamericano. Conceptos políticos fundamentales, 1770-1870. Iberconceptos. 10 tomos.
Authors: Ortega Francisco A.
Published: April 2016

En el segundo semestre del 2014 salió, finalmente, el segundo volumen del Diccionario político y social del mundo iberoamericano. Para quienes hemos explorado la historia conceptual y tenemos en nuestra biblioteca el primer volumen, la aparición de este segundo volumen constituye todo un acontecimiento esperado ya por un lustro. Para aquellos otros (historiadores, filósofos, sociólogos, críticos literarios, etc.), que han empezado a mostrar interés en el abordaje conceptual, me atrevo a decir que este es un acontecimiento por venir.
LA REPRESENTACIÒN DEL GOBIERNO SANTOS Y SU REPERCUSIÓN EN EL DISCURSO MEDIÁTICO-POLÍTICO EN EUROPA Y COLOMBIA
Authors: Lena Dießelmann Anna , Hetzer Andreas
Published: April 2016

El artículo contrapone la comunicación estratégica de los gobiernos durante la gira del presidente colombiano Santos por Europa con su repercusión en los medios de comunicación y muestra las cadenas de transcripción en el discurso mediático-político. En el presente artículo se hace una comparación de notas de prensa de los gobiernos europeos y del gobierno colombiano con los artículos de prensa de los seis periódicos de calidad y de ámbito nacional más leídos en cada país. A través de la formación inductiva de categorías, se realizó una síntesis de proposiciones y se analizaron la representación de las relaciones internacionales, el contexto colombiano así como también la atribución de Santos. De esta forma es posible identificar las posiciones hegemónicas, el grado de coincidencia entre la comunicación política y la cobertura por parte de la prensa.
LOS MEDIOS DE COMUNICACIÓN COMO ACTORES (DES) LEGITIMADORES. ALGUNAS REFLEXIONES ACERCA DEL ROL DE LOS MEDIOS DE COMUNICACIÓN SOBRE LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE LA OPINIÓN PÚBLICA EN TORNO AL PROCESO DE PAZ DE LA HABANA
Authors: Cárdenas Ruiz Juan David
Published: April 2016

El proceso de paz de La Habana es uno de los acontecimientos políticos más relevantes de la historia reciente de Colombia. Dentro de las dimensiones de análisis del proceso se hace necesario entrar a analizar cuál ha sido el rol de la comunicación dentro de los diálogos. El articulo plantea una serie de líneas teóricas de análisis de rol de los medios de comunicación en los procesos de paz y busca a partir del estudio de caso de la opinión pública en Bogotá desarrollado por el Observatorio de Medios de la Universidad de la Sabana hacer una serie de reflexiones y proponer alternativas para un mejor entendimiento ,desde la comunicación política, del proceso que se desarrolla en La Habana desde el análisis de los marcos interpretativos de los actores involucrados en el proceso.
EMOCIONES Y MOVILIZACION SOCIAL: UN CUESTIONAMIENTO AL PARADIGMA RACIONALISTA
Authors: Massal Julie
Published: April 2016

Se propone un balance del rol que cumplen las emociones en la movilización social, enfoque que ha cobrado fuerza en la última década en EEUU, a raíz de un cuestionamiento al paradigma racionalista y estructuralista. Se ha enfatizado especialmente dos debates: por un lado, el rol de las emociones en los ciclos de protesta (sucesión de procesos de movilización y desmovilización); y por otro lado el uso estratégico de las emociones en los procesos de reclutamiento. Se propone también un acercamiento, a través del caso colombiano, al debate sobre la movilización de alto riesgo y su dimensión emocional: ese debate es aún incipiente en el país, por lo que se propone varias sendas de investigación a explorar.
¿SON LOS GUERRILLEROS DIFERENTES DE LOS PARAMILITARES? UNA INTEGRACIÓN Y VALIDACIÓN SISTEMÁTICA DE ESTUDIOS MOTIVACIONALES EN COLOMBIA
Authors: Ugarriza Juan E. , Nussio Enzo
Published: April 2016

¿Es el combatiente de grupos de guerrilla y el de grupos paramilitares en el fondo el mismo tipo de persona? La evidencia sugiere que ambos atraviesan diferentes tipos de experiencia de guerra y procesos de socialización, y habría que esperar que se comportaran de forma disímil luego de su desmovilización. En este estudio, demostramos que los miembros de grupos de guerrilla y paramilitares en Colombia se mueven por motivaciones claramente distinguibles en su decisión de unirse a sus respectivos grupos, en las que los condicionantes contextuales se mezclan con diferentes lógicas de nivel personal. Nuestro análisis se basa en la integración sistemática de hipótesis relevantes extraídas de estudios previos y una validación de sus hallazgos en una base de datos de 1.485 excombatientes en Colombia.
Determination of Local Site-Specific Spectra Using Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis for Bitlis Province, Turkey
Authors: Işık Ercan , Kutanis Mustafa
Published: April 2016

In this study, site-specific earthquake spectra for Bitlis province in Lake Van Basin has been obtained. It is noteworthy that, in probabilistic seismic hazard assessment, as a first stage data from geological studies and records from the instrumental period were compiled to make a seismic source characterization for the study region.The probabilistic seismic hazard curves for Bitlis were developed based on selected appropriate attenuation relationships, at rock sites, with a probability of exceedance 2%, 10% and 50% in 50 year periods. The obtained results were compared with the spectral responses proposed for seismic evaluation and retrofit of the building structure in Turkish Earthquake Code, Section 2. At the end of this study, it is apprehended that the Code proposed earthquake response spectra are not sufficient for the performance evaluation of the existing structures and the current estimations show that the potential seismic hazard research of the Turkey is underestimated in the code.Therefore, site- specific design spectra for the region should be developed, which reflect the characteristics of local sites.

 

Determinación de espectros de sitio específico locales a través del análisis probabilístico de amenazas sísmicaspara la provincia de Bitlis, Turquía

 

Resumen
En este estudio se obtuvieron espectros de terremoto de sitio específico para la cuenca del Lago de Van, en la provincia de Bitlis, al este de Turquía. La primera fase del trabajo consistió en una evaluación probabilística de riesgo sísmico donde se compilaron los estudios geológicos y registros del período instrumental para hacer una caracterización de fuente sísmica en la región de estudio. Las curvas de amenaza sísmica para la provincia de Bitlis se desarrollaron con base en las relaciones de atenuación apropiada seleccionadas en los sitios rocosos, con una probabilidad de exceso de 2 %, 10 % y 50 % durante 50 años. Los resultados obtenidos se compararon con las respuestas de espectro propuestas para la evaluación sísmica y modernización de estructuras contempladas en el Código de Terremoto de Turquía, en la sección 2. En la parte final de este trabajo se comprende que las respuestas de espectros de terremoto propuestos en el código no son suficientes para la evaluación de desempeño de las estructuras existentes y que las estimaciones actuales muestran que la investigación de amenazas potenciales sísmicas en Turquía está subestimada en el código. Por lo tanto, el diseño de espectros de sitio específico para la región se debe desarrollar, ya que permitiría conocer las singularidades locales.
The Tatuí Formation (Early Permian, Paraná Basin), Brazil: Paleontology and Paleoenvironmental Considerations
Authors: Chahud Artur , Petri Setembrino
Published: April 2016

The Tatuí Formation, one of the Brazilian Paraná Basin geological units, is developed solely in the State of São Paulo, southeast Brazil. It is studied herein, through outcrops at the eastern border of the basin, which are siltstones and fine sandstones, interbedded with some coarse and conglomeratic sandstones. Published papers on its fossils are sparse, dealing with some groups but not involving the entire association. This paper deals with ichnofossils, arthropods (conchostracans, isopods, and indeterminate crustaceans), plants (pteridophytes and spermatophytes) and fish remains (scales and teeth of Actinopterygii and Sarcopterygii). Foraminifers and sponge spicules were reported in short communications without illustrations and from uncertain stratigraphic positions. The Tatuí Formation paleoenvironmental deposition evolved through three phases. The first contains only the euryhaline fossils in siltstone beds. The second phase is regressive, with continental fossils (conchostracans and plants) in massive or laminated siltstone beds and conglomerates. The third stage is transgressive with hummocky cross – stratification in sandstone and increasing salinity.

 

La Formación Tatuí (Pérmico Temprano, Cuenca del Paraná), Brasil: Consideraciones paleontológicas y paleoambientales

 

Resumen
La Formación Tatuí es una unidad litoestratigráfica de la Cuenca del Paraná que aflora exclusivamente en el Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. En su borde nororiental está formada por limolitas y areniscas finas que poseen intercalaciones de areniscas gruesas y conglomeráticas. Este trabajo caracterizó en esta formación diversas evidencias de fósiles: huellas,  artrópodos (conchostracos, crustáceos isópodos e indeterminados), vegetales (helechos y fanerógamas) y restos de vertebrados (escamas y dientes de Actinopterygii y Sarcopterygii). Foraminíferos y espículas de esponjas fueron reportados en comunicaciones breves, entretanto, sin estar acompañado de ilustraciones y de sus posiciones estratigráficas. Tres fases de deposición permiten reconstruir el paleoambiente de la Formación Tatuí. En la primera fase hay presencia solamente de fósiles eurihalinas en limolitas. En la segunda fase, fósiles continentales (conchostracos y vegetales) que están presentes en camadas limolíticas masivas o laminadas y en conglomerados vinculados a una etapa regresiva. Finalmente, la tercera fase se caracteriza por una etapa transgresiva con la presencia de estratificación cruzada “hummocky” y aumento de la salinidad.
Certified Crop Advisors’ Perceptions of Giant Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida) Distribution, Herbicide Resistance, and Management in the Corn Belt
Authors: Regnier Emilie E. , Harrison S. Kent , Loux Mark M. , Holloman Christopher , Venkatesh Ramarao , Diekmann Florian , Taylor Robin , Ford Robert A. , Stoltenberg David E. , Hartzler Robert G. , Davis Adam S. , Schutte Brian J. , Cardina John , Mahoney Kris J. , Johnson William G.
Published: April 2016

Giant ragweed has been increasing as a major weed of row crops in the last 30 yr, but quantitative data regarding its pattern and mechanisms of spread in crop fields are lacking. To address this gap, we conducted a Web-based survey of certified crop advisors in the U.S. Corn Belt and Ontario, Canada. Participants were asked questions regarding giant ragweed and crop production practices for the county of their choice. Responses were mapped and correlation analyses were conducted among the responses to determine factors associated with giant ragweed populations. Respondents rated giant ragweed as the most or one of the most difficult weeds to manage in 45% of 421 U.S. counties responding, and 57% of responding counties reported giant ragweed populations with herbicide resistance to acetolactate synthase inhibitors, glyphosate, or both herbicides. Results suggest that giant ragweed is increasing in crop fields outward from the east-central U.S. Corn Belt in most directions. Crop production practices associated with giant ragweed populations included minimum tillage, continuous soybean, and multiple-application herbicide programs; ecological factors included giant ragweed presence in noncrop edge habitats, early and prolonged emergence, and presence of the seed-burying common earthworm in crop fields. Managing giant ragweed in noncrop areas could reduce giant ragweed migration from noncrop habitats into crop fields and slow its spread. Where giant ragweed is already established in crop fields, including a more diverse combination of crop species, tillage practices, and herbicide sites of action will be critical to reduce populations, disrupt emergence patterns, and select against herbicide-resistant giant ragweed genotypes. Incorporation of a cereal grain into the crop rotation may help suppress early giant ragweed emergence and provide chemical or mechanical control options for late-emerging giant ragweed.
Autocatalytic Ni-P and Ni-B deposition on SiC powders
Authors: Sezen Gökce , Kilicarslan Ayfer , Daglılar Sibel , Kerti Isıl
Published: April 2016

Ceramic particles such as silicon carbide (SiC) have attracted great attention because of their usability as reinforcement for composite materials. Autocatalytic (electroless) nickel deposition is an excellent process for the enhancement of surface properties of ceramic particles. In this study, deposition of nickel–phosphorus (Ni-P) and nickel–boron (Ni-B) layer on SiC particles by way of autocatalytic plating in hypophosphite and borohydride baths was investigated. SiC powders were sensitised and activated respectively in order to ensure catalytic properties. Electroless nickel coating was performed from two different nickel ion sources (nickel chloride, nickel sulfate) following the pretreatments of particle surfaces. Coated powder morphologies were characterised by scanning electron microscopy. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy analysis was used to investigate the chemical analysis of coatings. The results showed that a better uniformity and bonding were obtained for Ni-P coatings with the Ni2+ source of NiSO4.6H2O as compared to NiCl2.6H2O. For Ni-B coatings, the Ni2+ source of NiCl2.6H2O has provided better quality and continuous coating layer on SiC surfaces.
A comparative study of the different responses of circular and horseshoe-shaped tunnels to an advancing tunnel underneath
Authors: Ng C. W. W. , Wang R. , Boonyarak T.
Published: April 2016

Previous studies on tunnel interaction mainly focused on parameters such as cover depth, pillar depth and construction sequence with little attention given to the influence of tunnel shape. With discontinuous hoop stress distribution along the tunnel lining, non-circular tunnels are expected to respond to the construction of new tunnels nearby differently from circular tunnels. This paper investigates the effect of tunnel shape on multi-tunnel interaction by means of physical and numerical modelling. Two, three-dimensional (3D) centrifuge model tests were carried out simulating the existing circular and horseshoe-shaped tunnels. The test results were back analysed using PLAXIS 3D. An advanced hypoplastic constitutive model with small-strain stiffness was adopted for the numerical back analysis. Centrifuge test results show that the existing horseshoe-shaped tunnel experienced ∼ 20% more vertical elongation in the mid-plane than the existing circular tunnel. The measured and computed bending strains at the invert of the horseshoe-shaped tunnel were three times larger than those at the invert of the existing circular tunnel in the transverse direction. However, hoop stress along the tunnel lining in the existing circular tunnel was larger than that in the horseshoe-shaped tunnel.
POSTURAL PROFILE OF PATIENTS WITH HAM/TSP: COMPUTERIZED AND BAROPODOMETRIC ASSESSMENT
Authors: Duarte Cunha Edelvita Fernanda , Araújo Patrício Naiane , Carvalho Macedo Maíra , Sena Cristiano , Kruschewsky Ramon , Galvão Castro Bernardo , Nunes Sá Katia
Published: April 2016

Background: The HTLV-1 was the first retrovirus-associated with disease in human, being mainly associated with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-1–associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM). In the predominant clinical condition of HAM/TSP, biomechanical, sensory and functional alterations are observed. Objective: To describe and correlate postural deviations and the type of predominant weight load. Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study, conducted with patients at the Center for HTLV, Salvador – Bahia. Data collection was performed in two steps, first evaluating postural orthostatic through digital photos of the individual, following the protocol SAPO® to mark anatomical points, the second step was the Baropodometric evaluation. For correlation of weight load and postural changes we used Pearson or Spearman correlation tests (a<0.05). Results: We studied 31 individuals, predominantly female (54.8%), african descent (58.1%), with a mean age of 52.8 (+ 9.89) years. Analysis showed a predominance by an anteriorized position of the head (80.6%), trunk displaced posteriorly (64.5%), anteriorized body (96,8%), hip extension (77.4%), pelvic retroversion (61.3%), flexed knee (51.6%) with genu valgus (right 64.5%, left 74.2%) right hindfoot valgus (64.5%) and left varus (71.0%), and a reduction in the ankle angle (100%), discharge weight of the right foot and bilateral forefoot. It was observed a significant correlation between changes in anteriorized body, flexed knee and reduction in the ankle angle to the weight load of bilateral forefoot, and pelvic retroversion with the weight load of his right foot. Conclusion: Patients with tropical spastic paraparesis have significant postural changes that alter their weight discharge.
SCORPION ACCIDENTS IN BAHIA, BRAZIL: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF UNDERREPORTINGS BY SINAN IN 2006
Authors: Silva Tanajura Héliton , Kobler Brazil Tânia , Souza Teles Ana Maria
Published: April 2016

A descriptive analysis of scorpion accidents in Bahia - Brazil over 2006 was carried out, based in the reports availables in the Disease Reporting Information System (SINAN), National Poison Information System (SINITOX) and register book of Anti-Poison Center of Bahia (CIAVE). Data were analyzed in simple and relative frequency. Underreportings for each county were estimated by the positive difference between the records of CIAVE and SINAN. We found 5.988 reports from SINAN, 676 from SINITOX and 652 from CIAVE. SINAN underreportings do exist and can be estimated in 4,35%, that means a loss of 261 cases in 54 counties, including Salvador and its metropolitan area that account for 67.4% of these cases.
DUAL TASK PERFOR MANCE BETWEEN ADULTS AND ELDERLY POS T STROKE PATIENTS
Authors: Sasaki Adriana Campos , Pinto Elen Beatriz , Sousa Mayra Castro de Matos , Monteiro Maiana , Oliveira-Filho Jamary , D’Oliveira Júnior Argemiro
Published: April 2016

Objective: Studies that assessed motor performance comparing healthy adults and old, shown agerelated differences in several parameters. It is not known whether these differences remain evident when people are under stroke condition. Our aim was to describe clinical and functional characteristics and to compare a dual task performance between older and younger post stroke individuals. Methods: We evaluated hemiparetic patients with independent gait between August/2011 and August/2012. The following scales/tests were applied: NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Modified Barthel Index (mBI), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) and TUG with cognitive task (TUGcog). X2, Fisher tests or Mann Whitney U test were used when appropriated. Results: Amongst 92 participants 54.3% were adults and 45.7% were elder adults. Adults and elder adults presented similar characteristics, although statistical difference was observed at instruction level (P = .01), hypertension (P= .02), verbal fluency (P < .01) and delta time for TUGcog (P < .01). Conclusion: Individuals post stroke in this study presented slightly clinical and functional differences, but it was possible to observe that older need more time to perform multitasking. Probably, age alone is not an important factor in differentiating independent stroke patients. However, postural instability, in elderly patients, should be evaluated more carefully taking into account the attentional demands, since dual task is used in many activities of daily life.
THE rs7903146 SNP Of TCF7L2 GENE AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH THE METABOLIC SYNDROME A REVIEW
Authors: Rosa Rangel Sidney , Queiroz Araújo Edilene Maria , Oliveira de Matos Erijessyka Mariá , Carvalho Gildásio , Souza Rios Domingos Lázaro
Published: April 2016

Objective: To Conduct a systematic review of the literature in order to clarify and discuss the effects of SNP rs7903146 in the TCF7L2 gene and predisposition to Metabolic Syndrome (MS) modulation by dietary factors such variant. Methods: We performed a review of the literature in a systematic way from original studies between 2000 and 2013, found in Medline, PubMed, Wiley library, SciELO, ScienceDirect, Springer link, The University of Adelaide, DeepDyve, Cambridge journals. Results: The clinical trials reported in this study indicated a significant correlation between the risk allele of rs7903146 polymorphism and pathophysiological characteristics of MS, with the most consistent findings with changes in glucose homeostasis, insulin metabolism and atherogenic dyslipidemia for each study population. Conclusions: This review highlights the scientific evidence for rs7903146 polymorphism as one of the etiologic basis for MS. However, demonstrates the need for greater standardization of investigations, to reduce possible population variables with potential influence on the results, such as environmental factors and genetic heterogeneity.
SOME BIOCHEMICAL IMPLICATIONS IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER
Authors: Pinheiro Lázaro Cristiane , Pereira Pondé Milena , A. Rodrigues Luiz Erlon
Published: April 2016

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects 0.6 to 1% of the population worldwide. It is characterized by a deficit in communication and social interaction, and is associated with restricted and repetitive behavior patterns. Stereotypes include inflexible adhesion to specific non-functional routines and rituals and a persistent concern with parts of objects rather than the object as a whole. Up to the present time, there are no specific tests that permit a laboratory diagnosis of the disorder to be carried out, and the syndrome is confirmed by clinical observation in the first 36 months of the patient’s life. Clinical manifestations such as epilepsy, mental retardation, sleep disorders, hyperactivity, irritability and auto- and heteroaggressiveness may alter the patient’s prognosis. Around 50% of children with ASD fulfill the criteria for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) associated with autism appear to indicate a distinct phenotype requiring specific therapeutic measures. ASD is not a discrete nosological entity but, rather, a multifactorial syndrome associated with different phenotypic and biological presentations. Various disorders such as pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract have been linked to ASD, not only insofar as causality is concerned but also with respect to their role in aggravating the disease. Other associated disorders include lesions in physiological processes such as the redox metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction and enzymatic regulation of essential metabolites. Currently, studies on direct and indirect markers of mitochondrial metabolism associated with anomalies found in the brain of these patients point to the possibility of these markers being used as tools with which to reach a diagnosis that would be laboratory based rather than merely clinical.
Array-based comparative genomic hybridization (ARRAY-CGH) in analysis of chromosomalaberrations and CNV in blighted ovum pregnancies
Authors: Lebedev Igor Nikolayevich , Kashevarova Anna Aleksandrovna , Skryabin Nikolay Alekseyevich , Nikitina Tatyana Vladimirovna , Lopatkina Mariya Yevgenyevna , Melnikov Aleksandr Aleksandrovich , Sazhenova Yelena Aleksandrovna , Ivanova Tatyana Vasilyevna , Yevtushenko Irina Dmitriyevna
Published: April 2016

Application of modern molecular cytogenetic technologies in research and clinical practice provides unprecedented possibilities for high resolution molecular karyotyping in different areas of clinical cytogenetics. In this study the oligonucleotide-based array-CGH data about unbalanced chromosomal aberrations and copy number variations (CNV) in blighted ovum pregnancies are presented. Analysis of genes content of involved chromosomal regions was done. Scopes, perspectives and limitations of aCGH application into analysis of early pregnancy losses are discussed.
Features of Asthma Treatment while Pregnancy
Authors: Lavrova Olga Voldemarovna , Shapovalova Yelena Andreyevna , Petrova Mariya Anatolyevna , Dymarskaya Yuliya Romanovna , Sablina Anna Vladimirovna
Published: April 2016

The goal of the study was the comparison pregnancy duration, delivery and height-weight ratio of newborns in females with different severity of Asthma duration and various basic therapies. Materials & methods. Study group was compounded with 1010 Asthmatic females aged 17–43 years, followed up by our staff together with gynecologists since early terms of their pregnancy. All patients were performed physical exam and functional study. As a result individual prophylaxis and treatment plan was generated for every pregnant. Results: Pulmicort-turbuhaler and SABA administration was significantly less effective in patients with moderate and severe asthma duration in comparison with fluent persistent asthma pregnants. The lowest frequency of gestoses (twice lower in comparison with Pulmicort-turbuhaler treated patients) was fixed in patients, treated with Seretide. Preterm delivery jeopardize was twice higher in Pulmicort-turbuhaler treated group. Frequency of Caesarian section was significantly higher in Pulmicort-turbuhaler treated females in comparison with females, treated with Simbicort. Average height-weight ratio in case of severe Asthma duration was lowest in patients with severe Asthma, who were administered Pulmicort-turbuhaler. Аverage weight value of kids, born by Seretide administered females, was above median value of BA females in total.
The main results and a current state of the program of the combined prenatal screening of 1 trimester in the Russian Federation
Authors: Zhuchenko Lyudmila Aleksandrovna , Andreeva Elena Nikolaevna , Lagkuyeva Fatima Katabinovna , Otaryan Karina Karyunovna , Odegova Natalia Osipovna , Stepnova Svetlana Viktorovna , Yudina Elena Vladimirovna , Kalashnikova Elena Aleksandrovna
Published: April 2016

Prenatal diagnostics of anatomic and chromosomal defects at future child is represents high-allowing technology in system of obstetric monitoring behind the course of pregnancy and a condition of a fruit. Carrying out reform of system of prenatal screening in territorial subjects of the Russian Federation within transition to the international standard of diagnostics to early terms of the pregnancy which is carried out with support of the Government, demands regular audit. The analysis of the first results innovative for the country of mass combined PS of 1 trimester is carried out with use of the uniform software, allowing to calculate individual risk of frequent chromosomal aneuploidiya at a fruit on biochemical and ultrasonic markers only on condition of existence of personal competence of the ultrasonographer.
The fetal blood flow state in pregnant women undergoin psychoemotional stress
Authors: Khudaverdyan Anna Drastamatovna
Published: April 2016

The fetal blood flow state studies of pregnant women undergoing psycho-emotional stress, with the help of self-report scale of Spielberger and Doppler examination found an increase in state and trait anxiety, increase in resistance of the umbilical artery and descending aorta, as well as raised heart rate and blood pressure values. At the same time there is a decrease in the pulsatility index of the middle cerebral artery and increase in umbilical-cerebral ratios, indicating the compensatory centralization of fetal blood flow and improving blood supply to the brain. Possible mechanisms of the detected changes have been discussed.
SOURCES AND THE MAIN WAYS OF USE OF ENERGY IN THE PLACENTA AT PHYSIOLOGICAL PREGNANCY AND DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Linde Viktor Anatolyevich , Pogorelova Tatyana Nikolayevna , Gunko Viktoriya Olegovna
Published: April 2016

The review of literature devoted to sources and ways of use of energy in a placenta during the different periods of physiological pregnancy and at a diabetes mellitus is submitted. The importance of various ways of utilization of a glucose and glycogen depending on term and character of a course of pregnancy is considered. The materials about features of carbohydrate and energy exchanges in the placenta during the different types of diabetes and influence of insulin on the placental metabolism of glucose are generalized.
Hormonal contraception in women with diffuse nontoxic goiter and autoimmune thyroiditis
Authors: Pologoyko Galina Petrovna
Published: April 2016

The article considers the influence of combined oral contraceptives on size and function of thyroid gland in women of reproductive age. We examined 215 women, taking low dose and microdose combined oral contraceptives for 12 months as monotherapy or in combination with potassium iodide. The first group consisted of 75 women with diffuse nontoxic goiter, second – of 70 women with autoimmune thyroiditis. Control group consisted of 70 women without pathology of thyroid gland. Prior to therapy with combined contraceptives and after 12 months of treatment, we determined serum levels of free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, and thyrotropin releasing hormone, antibodies to thyroid peroxidase and antibodies to thyroglobulin (ELISA) and performed sonography of thyroid gland. Results of our study suggest that combined oral contraceptives may increase the size of thyroid gland among women with diffuse nontoxic goiter without changing its function. In women with autoimmune thyroiditis, application of combined oral contraceptive significantly decreases blood levels of autoantibodies to thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin. Application of combined oral contraceptives in healthy women doesn’t influence the size and function of thyroid gland.
Surgical treatment of the patients with tubal infertility using endoscopic and microsurgical methods
Authors: Yakovleva Natalya Vyacheslavovna , Marinkin Igor Olegovich
Published: April 2016

There are the results of the surgical treatment of 1257 patients with tubal infertility. It was demonstrated that surgical interventions with endo- and video-support are the most effective in the case of patients with distal occlusion of the fallopian tubes and proximal occlusion associated to the synechiae, little polyps, foreign substances. Microsurgical intervention is the method of choice in patients with real fibroid occlusion in the proximal tubes.
The features of pregnancy at women with liver steatosis and obesity
Authors: Rzaeva Roza Nuraddinovna , Mozgovaya Elena Vitalievna , Palgova Ljudmila Konstantinovna , Prokopenko Valentina Mikchailovna , Tumasova Zhanna Nikolaevna
Published: April 2016

40 pregnant women with obesity were totally examined and their outcomes of pregnancy and delivery were controlled. The examination of all pregnant women included the comprehensive examination of the functional state of the hepatobiliary system, ultrasound examination of the liver to identify the liver steatosis. These medical examinations made possibility to assess the dynamics of a clinical picture, ultrasound conclusions, biochemical indicators of liver function and lipid metabolism during the treatment. The frequency and severity of obstetric complications were also assessed.
Importance of genital endometriosis in pathogenesis of infertility
Authors: Yarmolinskaya Maria Igorevna , Denisova Valentina Mikhailovna
Published: April 2016

One of the most common manifestations of endometriosis is infertility. Currently much attention of researchers is lead to pathogenetic mechanisms of infertility in this disease, but there is not common conception of the causal effect of the failure of reproductive function. There is a literature review of mechanisms of fertility disturbance in genital endometriosis in this article. There are data about hormonal, immunological, genetic factors and data about endometrial alterations during implantation, which can influence on pregnancy onset.
The Central Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology in the Great Patriotic War Years
Authors: Konstantinova Natalya Nikolaevna , Bashmakova Margarita Arsentyevna , Starovoitov Vitaly Andreevich
Published: April 2016

The article deals with the functioning of the Central Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology (CIOG) during the Great Patriotic War
The role of complex preoperative urodynamic testing of continent women when planning surgery for pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Rusina Yelena Ivanovna
Published: April 2016

Women with significant genitourinary prolapse may be continent in spite of a weak urethral sphincter because of kinking of the poorly supported urethra. After the surgery for prolapse 19-30 % of the patients identify “occult” urinary incontinence due to a weak urethral sphincter. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of complex urodynamic testing to identify “occult” urinary incontinence, neuromuscular dysfunction of the bladder and urethra for adequate combined therapy. Methods: 257 female patients with no urinary incontinence at the age of 30-86 years old were examined, before the surgery the pelvic organ prolapse of II-IV stages was reduced by Simps vaginal speculum: 102 women were clinically tested, and 155 women were complexly (clinically and urodynamically) evaluated. In addition to clinical examination urodynamic testing was made. Complex examination was repeated to all of them after 1-3 and 12-36 months after the operation. Results: Decrease of values of abdominal pressure transmission (APT) of less than 100 % was found significantly more often (38 ± 3.9 %) compared to a positive cough test while clinical exami-nation(19.4 ± 3.2 %) P < 0.001. Preoperatively detrusor overactivity was diagnosed in 12.5 ± 3.5 % and 11.8 ± 4.2 % cases, urethral instability - in 3.1 ± 1.7 % and 5.1 ± 2.8 % cases, detrusor sphincter dyssynergy - in 3.1 ± 1.7 % and 1.7 ± 1.6 % cases, detrusor hypotonia in 9.4 ± 3.0 % and 13.5 ± 4.4 % cases of patients with APT of more than 100 % and less than 100 % respectively. Patients with detrusor overactivity, urethral instability, detrusor hypotonya got medical preoperation treatment during 3 months and longer. 6 patients with detrusor-sphincter dyssynergy, detrusor hypotension were contraindicated for sling operation. Patients who had clinically and urodynamically confirmed urinary incontinence underwent simultaneous sling operations (13 women in a clinical group and 51 - in a complex group). In 12-36 months after the surgery no patient with APT of more than 100 % showed urinary incontinence. Clinically examined patients revealed totally 7 out of 102 (7.14 ± 2.5 %) complications after 12-36 months after surgery (mixed urinary incontinence in 4 cases and difunctional urination due to hypotonia detuzor in 3 cases). There are no these complications in the group of complexly examined women. Conclusions: Urodynamic testing can identify those women at risk of developing postoperative urinary incontinence and difunctional urination so that prophylactic measures can be undertaken. In cases when neuromuscular dysfunction is corrected and values of APT are less than 100 % simultaneous sling operation is reasonable.
Pregnancy and influenza: pathological manifestations of the infection caused by virus A/H1N1
Authors: Gladkov Sergey Anatolyevich
Published: April 2016

Background. Pregnant women are a high-risk group for severe complications and mortality from influenza. There is limited information on the detection of specific pathological signs of viral injury of the organs outside the respiratory system, as well as of the placenta and fetus by transplacental passage. Purpose. In this paper clinicopathologic peculiarities of lung lesion and associated morphological changes outside the respiratory system have been studied. Materials and methods. The author has analyzed 4 fatal outcomes of influenza A/H1N1 which occurred at hospitals of the Arkhangelsk region in women who become ill on the third trimester of pregnancy in 2009 and 2011. The analyses of patient cards, autopsy data and postmortem histological examination have been performed. The results were compared with clinical and morphological data of influenza A/H1N1 fatal outcomes in 8 non-pregnant adults (control group). Microscopic changes in the placenta and lungs of antenatal deceased fetus have been investigated in one case. Results. The clinical presentation and morphological findings in respiratory system in pregnant women were not different from those of the other patients died from total viral pneumonia. However, morphological signs of generalized influenza infection with brain and heart involvement were observed in three of the four pregnant women, while in the control group outside respiratory specific changes, characteristic for infection caused by the flu virus, were not detected. In one case with identified morphological signs of generalized infection in the mother’s body a similar changes in the placenta and lungs of antenatal deceased fetus were confirmed.
Features of pregnancy and delivery in minors female in a metropolis (by the example of St. Petersburg)
Authors: Mikhaylin Yevgeniy Sergeyevich , Ivanova Lada Anatolyevna , Savitskiy Aleksey Gennadyevich , Zhibura Larisa Pavlovna , Minina Anna Gennadyevna
Published: April 2016

The article presents a retrospective analysis of peculiarities of pregnancy and childbirth in 483 pregnant women minors, representing 15 % of all juveniles who have given birth in St. Petersburg from 2004 to 2013. Among somatic diseases prevailed kidney disease exacerbation during pregnancy, cardiovascular diseases, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, eyes and skin. Among the complications of pregnancy among minors prevailed preeclampsia, threating of premature labor, anemia and chronic placental insufficiency. Among the complications of childbirth - preterm rupture of membranes, weakness of uterine activity and fetal hypoxia. Cesarean section was mainly carried out by emergency indications during childbirth. The above analysis basically confirms the literature data about the poor physical health and a lot of complications in pregnancy and childbirth in minors in metropolis because pregnancy is not a normal physiological phenomenon for minors.
Ovarian function in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Tolpygina Margarita Gennadyevna , Potin Vladimir Vsevolodovich , Tarasova Marina Anatolyevna
Published: April 2016

To study the hormonal and ovulatory ovarian function in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus 180 patients of reproductive age with type 1 diabetes were examined. Basal-bolus insulin therapy received 146 patients (81.1 %), insulin pomp therapy received 34 women (18.9 %). Examination included: determination of blood glucose level and glycated hemoglobin, content of FSH, LH, prolactin, estradiol, total and free testosterone, and progesterone in peripheral blood by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, determination of autoantibodies against ovarian tissue by indirect immunofluorescence, pelvic ultrasonography. Ovarian insufficiency was present in 62.2 % of women surveyed. An association of ovarian insufficiency with the glycemia level, glycosylated hemoglobin and the dose of insulin was found. There was no dependence of ovarian function and insulin regimens or the severity of microvascular complications of diabetes. Patients with type 1 diabetes had an increase of ovarian volume and the number of antral follicles compared with those in healthy women. These patients exhibit elevated levels of LH, estradiol and free testosterone in peripheral blood. Ovarian volume increased correlated with the presence and severity microvascular complications of diabetes and the dose of insulin. Autoantibodies against ovarian tissue were found only in 3.6 % women of type 1 diabetes mellitus.
The integrated evaluation of different types surgical treatment of myomes effectiveness
Authors: Kamilova Markhabo Yadgarovna , Akobirova Sanovbar Ashurovna
Published: April 2016

The dates of comparative integrated evaluation of conservative myomectomia by different accesses and different amount was presented. There were shown preferences of laparoscopic myomectomia compared laparotomic myomectomia compared laparotomic myomectomia. More significantchanges of psychoemotional states on woman after laparoscopic myomectomia testify that it is necessary to make the evaluation of their psycho-emotional status.