bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New and Existing Approaches Reviewing of Big Data Analysis with Hadoop Tools
Authors: Mutasher Watheq Ghanim , Aljuboori Abbas Fadhil
Published: January 2022

Everybody is connected with social media like (Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Instagram…etc.) that generate a large quantity of data and which traditional applications are inadequate to process. Social media are regarded as an important platform for sharing information, opinion, and knowledge of many subscribers. These basic media attribute Big data also to many issues, such as data collection, storage, moving, updating, reviewing, posting, scanning, visualization, Data protection, etc. To deal with all these problems, this is a need for an adequate system that not just prepares the details, but also provides meaningful analysis to take advantage of the difficult situations, relevant to business, proper decision, Health, social media, science, telecommunications, the environment, etc. Authors notice through reading of previous studies that there are different analyzes through HADOOP and its various tools such as the sentiment in real-time and others. However, dealing with this Big data is a challenging task. Therefore, such type of analysis is more efficiently possible only through the Hadoop Ecosystem. The purpose of this paper is to analyze literature related analysis of big data of social media using the Hadoop framework for knowing almost analysis tools existing in the world under the Hadoop umbrella and its orientations in addition to difficulties and modern methods of them to overcome challenges of big data in offline and real –time processing. Real-time Analytics accelerates decision-making along with providing access to business metrics and reporting. Comparison between Hadoop and spark has been also illustrated.
Optimized Artificial Neural network models to time series
Authors: Ashour Marwan Abdul Hameed
Published: January 2022

Artificial Neural networks (ANN) are powerful and effective tools in time-series applications. The first aim of this paper is to diagnose better and more efficient ANN models (Back Propagation, Radial Basis Function Neural networks (RBF), and Recurrent neural networks) in solving the linear and nonlinear time-series behavior. The second aim is dealing with finding accurate estimators as the convergence sometimes is stack in the local minima. It is one of the problems that can bias the test of the robustness of the ANN in time series forecasting. To determine the best or the optimal ANN models, forecast Skill (SS) employed to measure the efficiency of the performance of ANN models. The mean square error and the absolute mean square error were also used to measure the accuracy of the estimation for methods used. The important result obtained in this paper is that the optimal neural network was the Backpropagation (BP) and Recurrent neural networks (RNN) to solve time series, whether linear, semilinear, or non-linear. Besides, the result proved that the inefficiency and inaccuracy (failure) of RBF in solving nonlinear time series. However, RBF shows good efficiency in the case of linear or semi-linear time series only. It overcomes the problem of local minimum. The results showed improvements in the modern methods for time series forecasting.
Theoretical Analysis on the Vertical Bearing Characteristics of Pile Foundations Containing Sediment Defects
Authors: Ma Binhui , Cai Kai , Guo Jiale , Li Zhuo , Hu Zhiyong , Chen Qiunan , Huang Xiaocheng
Published: January 2022

Aiming at the situation that the bottom of the pile foundation contains sediment defects, the theoretical analysis of the vertical bearing characteristics of the pile foundation is carried out. Based on the load transfer mechanism of the pile-soil system and based on the load transfer function of the elastoplasticity of the soil on the side of the pile and the weakening of the trifold line of the soil at the end of the pile, a load transfer calculation model for bored cast-in-place piles with slag defects under different conditions was established. The corresponding analytical formulas are deduced, and the accuracy and reliability of load transfer derivation are verified in combination with calculation examples, which are suitable for indoor and field tests. The influence coefficient of sedimentary defect in single pile is defined, and the parameters are analyzed. The law about the influence coefficient of length-diameter ratio, the thickness of sedimentary defect, and the modulus of elasticity of sedimentary defect in single pile are obtained: With the increase of the ratio of length and diameter, the defect coefficient of single piles gradually increases and tends to ease, and the bearing effect of pile foundations is more convergent. As the thickness of the sediment increases, the influence factor of the single pile defect gradually decreases, and the influence factor of the bearing capacity of pile foundation becomes more discrete. With the increase of the elastic modulus of sediment, the influence factor of single pile defect gradually increases, and the ultimate bearing capacity loss decreases. The vertical bearing characteristics of the pile foundation are evaluated in this way, which provides an important reference for further analysis of the bearing characteristics of pile foundations with slag defects.
Ethics and Metaphysics of Moral Responsibility
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Loginov Evgeny V. , Gavrilov Maksim V. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Mertsalov Andrew V. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Iunusov Artem T. ,   RAS Institute of Philosophy
Published: January 2022

This text presents the result of the work of our research group carried out in 2019–2020. The research has focused on the debate on moral responsibility in analytical philosophy in the second half of the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. The full results of the study are presented in the collective work “Prolegomena to moral responsibility” (see: Loginov E.V., Gavrilov M.V., Mertsalov A.V., Iunusov A.T. “Prolegomeny k moral’noi otvetstvennosti” [Prolegomena to Moral Responsibility], Finikovyi kompot [Date Palm Compote], 2020, No. 15, pp. 3–100. (In Russian)). Although Prolegomena was conceived primarily as a survey work, it also presents its authors’ own ideas, mostly of a metatheoretical ones. In this paper these ideas are summarised briefly in the following order: a) the problem statement in general terms, b) a discussion of ethics and metaphysics of moral responsibility, and c) a consideration of an important question having to do with the nature of the relation of “appropriateness” of moral reactions.
Transforaminal Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy with Foraminoplasty for Down-migrated Disc Herniation: A Single-center Observational Study
Authors: Tai Ching-Ting , Chen Kuo-Tai , Jhang Shang-Wun , Wang Guan-Chyuan , Chang Kai-Sheng , Sun Li-wei , Chen Chien-Min
Published: January 2022

Objective: Full-endoscopic lumbar discectomy has evolved to be an alternative for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation. Regarding the techniques, the transforaminal approach remains the primary access. The indications of transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy (TELD) have expanded following the evolution of the techniques, especially TELD with foraminoplasty. This study is to evaluate the efficacy of the TELD with foraminoplasty for downward migrated lumbar disc herniation.Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective study with prospectively collected data in a single center. The study enrolled patients with downward migrated lumbar disc herniation undergoing TELD with foraminoplasty from May 2009 to June 2018. All procedures were performed under local anesthesia. Patients' demographics, clinical outcomes, and satisfaction with surgery were recorded. Results: There were 126 patients included in the current study. The mean age was 50.7±17.4 years old. The leg pain and functional outcome scores significantly improved after the operation. There was no neurological deficit or iatrogenic instability requiring fusion surgery. The operation time was within 2 hours in most cases (92%). Thirteen patients reported minor complications, but symptoms were self-limited or responded to conservative treatment. The operation satisfied 94.4% of patients. Seven cases underwent revision surgery within six months due to recurrence.Conclusion: TELD with foraminoplasty under local anesthesia can be an alternative for downward migrated lumbar disc herniation. Nerve root irritation can be detected without intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring when the patient is awake during the procedures. The clinical outcomes were favorable and the risk of complication was low with the current technique.
An HGF-dependent positive feedback loop between bladder cancer cells and fibroblasts mediates lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis
Authors: Chen Changhao , Li Yuting , Luo Yuming , Zheng Hanhao , Lin Yan , An Mingjie , Kong Yao , Zhao Yue , Yin Yina , Ai Le , Ya Yiyao , Huang Jian , Li Zhihua
Published: January 2022

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are essential etiologic actors in promoting tumor progression via extensive reciprocal interactions with cancer cells. Yet, the biological role and regulatory mechanism of CAFs phenotype underlying lymph node (LN) metastasis of bladder cancer (BCa) remain unclear. Here, we report that BCa cell-secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) played an important role in the CAF-enriched microenvironment, which correlated with BCa lymphangiogenesis and LN metastasis. RNA sequencing identified an EV-associated long noncoding RNA, LINC00665, which acted as a crucial mediator of CAF infiltration in BCa. LINC00665 mediated EV release from BCa cells to endow fibroblasts with the CAF phenotype, which reciprocally induced LINC00665 upregulation to form a RAB27B-HGF-c-Myc positive feedback loop, facilitating BCa lymphangiogenesis and LN metastasis. Importantly, we demonstrate that Cabozantinib significantly suppressed LINC00665-mediated BCa LN metastasis in an orthotopic xenograft model. Our study highlights a molecular mechanism by which LINC00665 induces a RAB27B-HGF-c-Myc positive feedback loop between cancer cells and fibroblasts to sustain BCa LN metastasis, and represents LINC00665 as a potential therapeutic target in BCa LN metastasis.
The Correlation Between Long-Lasting Serum Lactate And Brain Mri Abnormality In Children With Status Epilepticus
Authors: Gunawan Prastiya Indra , Noviandi Riza , Samosir Sunny Mariana
Published: January 2022

Background: Serum lactate was a biomarker implemented to estimate the prognosis in children suffered from status epilepticus (SE). Brain neuroimaging may demonstrate the site area, range of neuronal impairment and ischemic injury. This study aims to evaluate the correlation between long-lasting serum lactate with brain imaging abnormality reflected on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in children suffered from SE. Method: This prospective analytical research was conducted from June-November 2018 in children with SE. Serum lactate were collected on 24 hours following SE, and brain MRI was carried out within a period of 7-14 days after SE terminated. Abnormal MRI was categorized as Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) grade I to III. Statistical analysis with Kruskal Wallis was applied to calculate the details. Results: Forty two SE subjects were enrolled, 85.7% boys, with a mean age of 59.29 months and mostly with the diagnosis of encephalitis (47.6%). Elevated serum lactate levels were found in 71.4% of patients and about 47.8% had abnormal MRI images in the form of HIE Grade I. Mean serum lactate level in HIE grade I, II, III was 1.69 mmol/L, 3.32 mmol/L, 3.48 mmol/L respectively. Two patients were death and 28.6% had a life with neurological deficit. There was a significant correlation (p=0.021) between long-lasting serum lactate level and abnormal brain MRI. Conclusion: In children suffered from SE, HIE grade I is the most neuroimaging pattern obtained, and long-lasting serum lactate was considered to correlate with abnormal brain MRI.
Sensitivity Analysis of Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model Output Variables to The Thunderstorm Lifecycle and Its Application
Authors: Huang Haibo , Lin Caiyan , Chen Yangquan
Published: January 2022

Accurate and timely forecasts of thunderstorms at lead times of more than 6 hours can greatly improve the efficiency of the Air Traffic Flow Management (ATFM). To achieve this goal, the thunderstorms that occurred at Urumqi International Airport in 2020 are investigated using Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model output variables. An attempt has been made to study the sentivities of some WRF output variables to the different stages (the cumulus, the mature, and the dissipating) of the thunderstorm lifecycle. The variables presented in this paper are wind speed (WSPD), composite radar reflectivity (CR), echo top (ET), convective available potential energy (CAPE), convective inhibition (CIN) and lift index (LI). It was found that CIN is most sensitive to an approaching thunderstorm. WSPD is extremely sensitive to thunderstorm occurrence, with CIN a close second. CAPE, CIN and LI are all sensitive to thunderstorm dissipating. To improve the thunderstorm forecasts, a simple and practical subjective thunderstorm forecasting method TSP (Thunderstorm Probability) based on the combination of above-mentioned variables, has been proposed. The comparison between objective TSP forecasts and manual subjective forecasts shows that TSP forecasts perform much better than manual forecasts in the summer period of 2020.
Vertical Distribution and Radiological Risk Assessment of Natural Radionuclides in the Alluvial Soil Profile of South-west Punjab, India
Authors: Bala Ritu , Das Debabrata , Karanveer  , Naskar Nabanita , Lahiri Susanta
Published: January 2022

Natural radionuclide levels are studied along the soil profile of alluvial sediments. Eighteen soil profiles have been selected from agricultural soil and undisturbed (uncultivated) areas and gamma-ray spectrophotometer has been used for the analysis. Vertical distribution of radionuclide was evaluated up to the depth of 900cm and levels were found to significantly vary with depth. Higher radionuclide levels are observed in the agricultural sites than the undisturbed land area till the depth interval of 600cm and values are comparable at both the sites after this depth, indicating the role of anthropogenic activities on radionuclide enrichment in agricultural areas. However, the value is higher than the global average at all sites, indicating the geogenic presence of radionuclides. Elemental ratio and multi-statistical analysis are utilized to assess the behaviour of radionuclides involved. Radiological hazard risk assesment is carried out and levels exceed the permissible limit which is a matter of concern for public health.
The Clinical Features and Estimated Incidence of MIS-C in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Butters Claire , Abraham Deepthi Raju , Stander Raphaella , Facey-Thomas Heidi , Abrahams Debbie , Faleye Ayodele , Allie Nazneen , Soni Khushbu , Rabie Helena , Scott Christiaan , Zühlke Liesl , Webb Kate
Published: January 2022

Background

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome is a severe manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 in children. The incidence of MIS-C after infection is poorly understood. There are very few cohorts describing MIS-C in Africa despite MIS-C being more common in Black children worldwide.
Methods

A cohort of children with MIS-C and healthy children was recruited from May 2020 until May 2021 from the two main paediatric hospitals in Cape Town, South Africa. Clinical and demographic data were collected, and serum was tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The incidence of MIS-C was calculated using an estimation of population exposure from seroprevalence in the healthy group. Summary data, non-parametric comparisons and logistic regression analyses were performed.
Results

68 children with MIS-C were recruited with a median age of 7 years (3.6, 9.9). 97 healthy children were recruited with a 30% seroprevalence. The estimated incidence of MIS-C was 22/100 000 exposures in the city in this time. Black children were over-represented in the MIS-C group (62% vs 37%, p=0.002). The most common clinical features in MIS-C were fever (100%), tachycardia (98.5%), rash (85.3%), conjunctivitis (77.9%), abdominal pain (60.3%) and hypotension (60.3%). The median haemoglobin, sodium, neutrophil count, white cell count, CRP, ferritin, cardiac (pro-BNP, trop-T) and coagulation markers (D-dimer and fibrinogen) were markedly deranged in MIS-C. Cardiac, pulmonary, central nervous and renal organ systems were involved in 71%, 29.4%, 27.9% and 27.9% respectively. 94.1% received intravenous immune globulin, 64.7% received methylprednisolone and 61.7% received both. 39.7% required ICU admission, 38.2% required inotropic support, 38.2% required oxygen therapy, 11.8% required invasive ventilation and 6% required peritoneal dialysis. Older age was an independent predictor for the requirement for ionotropic support (OR=1.523, CI 1.074, 2.16, p=0.018). The median hospital stay duration was 7 days with no deaths.
Conclusion

The lack of reports from Southern Africa does not reflect a lack of cases of MIS-C. MIS-C poses a significant burden to children in the region as long as the pandemic continues. MIS-C disproportionately affects black children. The clinical manifestations and outcomes of MIS-C in this region highlight the need for improved surveillance, reporting and data to inform diagnosis and treatment.
An Anatomical Feasibility Study Using CTA Reconstruction for Modified Percutaneous Lumbar Vertebroplasty
Authors: Guo Jun , Jianbiao Xu , Shali Fan , Yu Ni , Ngwayi James Reeves Mbori , Porter Edward
Published: January 2022

Study Design. Observational anatomical imaging study Objective. To investigate the anatomical feasibility of percutaneous vertebroplasty for lumbar osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures via a unilateral Extrapedicular approach. Summary of Background Data. Lumbar vertebroplasty via several different types of extrapedicular approach has been reported with acceptable clinical results yet the anatomical basis for its safety is not fully explored. Injury to the lumbar arteries (LAs) is one of the most important potential complications. However, anatomical research on the course and variability of this structure is lacking.Methods. A total of 300 LAs of 30 patients with non-spinal disorders were retrospectively analyzed by computed tomographic angiography (CTA). The lateral aspect of the vertebral body was divided into 9 zones of approximately equal area. The anatomy and orientation of LAs were analyzed in detail.Results. LAs were most commonly found in the middle third of the body (zones 4, 5, and 6); the upper 1/3 of the vertebral body had LAs distributed only anteriorly and laterally (zones 1 and 2). No arteries were observed in the postero-superior segment (zone 3 ). From L1 to L3 an arched pattern predominated. At L4 an inferior oblique pattern (antero-superior to postero-inferior) predominated. Limited CTA visualization at L4 and particularly L5 as well as greater anatomical variation means that there is more uncertainty at these levels. Conclusion. From L1 to L3, the posterior superior segment (zone 1) of the vertebral body appears to be a safe area with low risk of arterial injury. This has relevance for design of a safe lumbar vertebral extrapedicular approach.
The Association Between Smoking Behaviors and Prices and Taxes Per Cigarette Pack in the United States From 2000 Through 2019
Authors: Le Thuy T. T. , Jaffri Mohammed Asad
Published: January 2022

Objective The conclusions on how tax and price increases affect smoking behaviors are mixed. This work is devoted to re-evaluating the relationship between cigarette prices and taxes and smoking behaviors.Methods Using 2000-2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data, we employed linear mixed-effect models to re-examine the impact of cigarette prices and taxes on smoking prevalence and the proportion of current smokers having tried to quit smoking in the past 12 months. All the analyses were conducted for the general population, then by age group, gender, race/ethnicity, and income level. Results The results indicate that higher cigarette prices and taxes were associated with a decrease in smoking prevalence and an increased likelihood of quitting smoking. Cigarette tax and price increases produced the most powerful impact on the smoking prevalence of 18- to 24-year-olds. The estimates also show that males tended to be more price-sensitive than females. Raising cigarette prices and taxes was estimated to be more effective in reducing the smoking prevalence among non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics as compared to non-Hispanic whites. Cigarette price and tax changes were likely to have a smaller effect on individuals with annual income under $25 000 relative to individuals with higher income levels. Conclusions Increases in cigarette prices and taxes are significantly associated with a reduction in smoking prevalence and an increased likelihood of quitting smoking among adults across different demographic and socioeconomic groups. However, as cigarette price and tax changes disproportionately affect low-income individuals, raising cigarette prices and taxes may deepen income disparities.
Mitochondrial Phenotypes Distinguish Pathogenic MFN2 Mutations by Pooled Functional Genomics Screen
Authors: Yenkin Alex , Bramley John , Waligorski Jason , Kremitzki Colin , Liebeskind Mariel , Xu Xinyuan , Chandrasekaran Vinay , Vakaki Maria , Mitra Robi , Milbrandt Jeffrey , Buchser William
Published: January 2022

Most human genetic variation is classified as VUS - variants of uncertain significance. While advances in genome editing have allowed innovation in pooled screening platforms, many screens deal with relatively simple readouts (viability, fluorescence) and cannot identify the complex cellular phenotypes that underlie most human diseases. In this paper, we present a generalizable functional genomics platform that combines high-content imaging, machine learning, and microraft isolation in a new method termed “Raft-Seq”. We highlight the efficacy of our platform by showing its ability to distinguish pathogenic point mutations of the mitochondrial regulator MFN2, even when the cellular phenotype is subtle. We also show that our platform achieves its efficacy using multiple cellular features, which can be configured on-the-fly. Raft-Seq enables a new way to perform pooled screening on sets of mutations in biologically relevant cells, with the ability to physically capture any cell with a perturbed phenotype and expand it clonally, directly from the primary screen.
Increasing the Feed Values of Barley, Vetch, and Safflower Mixtures in Hydroponic Fodder Systems
Authors: Özdemir Hikmet , Temür Cüneyt
Published: January 2022

Cool-climate grains have been germinated under controlled climatic conditions and used in feeding animals for many years. This study was conducted to determine the effect of adding different amounts of vetch and safflower seeds to barley seed in fresh green feed machines and administering liquid fertilizer (LF) through irrigation water on feed values. Mixtures were prepared by adding vetch and safflower to barley at ratios of 10, 20, and 30%. Dry matter (DM) losses were observed in all mixtures. The use of LF reduced the loss of crude protein (CP) in 100% barley and the 70% barley + 30% vetch mixture. However, the CP yield increased in 90% barley + 10% vetch mixture. A 10% increase was observed in ether extract (EE) yield in 80% barley + 20% vetch mixture with LF application. An increase of 60.3–143.7% in acid detergent fiber values was observed in all mixtures. Neutral detergent fiber yields decreased by 17.8–45.9%, and ash loss was observed to be higher in all mixtures compared to that in seeds. All mixtures exhibited an increase in total carotene, except for the mixtures of 90% barley + 10% vetch and 70% barley + 30% vetch with LF. An increase in vitamin E values was observed in 100% barley group with or without LF, and in 90% barley+10% vetch and 90% barley + 10% safflower groups compared to those in the seeds. The addition of up to 30% vetch to the barley and the use of LF were more effective in terms of reducing nutrient losses than other mixtures. In addition, we concluded that the use of LF had a positive effect and that the feed values of the seeds could be increased using this production system.
Co-Culture of Trichoderma Reesei, Talaromyces Sp. and Aspergillus Spp. Produces A Multi-Enzyme Cocktail for the Hydrolysis of Sugarcane Bagasse Pretreated with Piperonilic Acid (PIP) and Methylenedioxycinnamic Acid (MDCA)
Authors: Silva Yuri Heck da , de Oliveira Tássio Brito , Lima Matheus Sanitá , Pasin Thiago Machado , Scarcella Ana Silvia de Almeida , Polizeli Maria de Lourdes Teixeira de Moraes , Martinez Carlos Alberto , Buckeridge Marcos Silveira , Santos Wanderley Dantas dos , de Lucas Rosymar Coutinho
Published: January 2022

PURPOSE: The global energy matrix is primarily based on fossil fuels and alternatives for the production of renewable energy are necessary. The second-generation ethanol (2G ethanol) is such alternative. 2G ethanol is produced through the fermentation of sugar released from the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. However, this process is still costly. Improvements should include the use of less expensive biomass pre-treatments and enzymatic cocktails produced by the co-cultivation of filamentous fungi. METHODS: For the production of synergistic holocellulolytic enzymes, Aspergillus brasiliensis , A. fumigatus var. niveus , Trichoderma reesei and Talaromyces sp. were co-cultivated on sugarcane bagasse modified in the lignin synthesis pathway. This bagasse was pretreated with piperonilic acid (PIP) and methylenedioxycinnamic acid (MDCA). RESULTS: The enzymatic cocktail produced by the co-culture showed the highest hydrolysis efficiency. The best hydrolysis condition was at 50°C and pH 4.0. Talaromyces sp. and T. reesei demonstrated antagonism only between them. CONCLUSION: Enzymatic cocktails produced through the co-cultivation of filamentous fungi are a concrete step towards increasing yields for the 2G ethanol industry.
Effects of Maize Silage Feeding on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Digestive System Weight, Chemical Composition and Meat Quality of Domestic Geese
Authors: Ozturk Ergin , Aslan Resul
Published: January 2022

Unlike other poultry species, geese can benefit from roughage to some extent due to the histomorphology and physicochemical characteristics of their digestive systems. The narrowing of goose habitats due to agriculture and other reasons emphasizes the provision of a food chain in the protection of the goose population. During the winter months, the supply of roughage becomes very difficult and the cost of goose diets increases. The research was carried out to determine the possibilities for geese to spend the winter season more economically by adding roughage instead of some of the concentrated feed. Therefore, in this study, corn silage was substituted at the level of 10% (S10), 20% (S20), 30% (S30) and 40% (S40) corn soy-based mixed feed (control group: S00). The experiment was carried out in local Turkish goose variety male geese at the age of 19 weeks (for 12 weeks) in the winter season. The result showed that substitution of corn silage instead of concentrated feed at 30 weeks did not adversely affect the investigated parameters (growth performance, carcass characteristics and yield, edible internal organ weights, digestive system length and weight, chemical composition of meat, physical and organoleptic quality characteristics). On the other hand, it was determined that it affected meat quality (hardness etc.) positively. It concluded that corn silage can be used up to 40% of the mixed feed, especially in winter feeding where roughage is not sufficiently supplied. Thus, it can be said that by using roughage instead of a portion of concentrated feed in goose diets, feed cost savings can be achieved and geese can be produced more economically.
Texture analysis of CT images based on machine learning to identify whether adrenal cortical adenoma is functional or not
Authors: Yan Guohua , Zhang Yu , Wang Limei , Yao Xiaopeng , Han Fugang , Shu Jian , Bai Jiao
Published: January 2022

Background: The detection rates and surgical resection rates of adrenal incidentaloma are increasing, but malignant tumors only account for 10%-15%. Taking adrenal cortical adenomas (ACA) as an example, this paper aims to explore if texture analysis of preoperative computed tomography (CT) images based on machine learning can reliably identify if ACA are functional.Methods: The clinical and imaging data were collected retrospectively for 75 patients with adrenal cortical adenoma confirmed by surgery and pathology in our hospital from November 2018 to November 2020. MaZda image analysis software was used to segment image data and extract features. Support vector machine (SVM) was used to create an image omics model to predict the functionality of the ACA. Lastly, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the performance of the radiohistology model.Results: Four histological models were developed (models 1-4, which represent plain scan, arterial enhancement, venous enhancement and delayed scan, respectively). All models 1-4 showed a good ability to distinguish between functional and non-functional ACA in the training sample, with an average AUC of 0.96, 0.91, 0.91 and 0.88, respectively.Conclusion: Texture analysis of CT images using machine learning can effectively identify whether adrenal cortical adenoma is functional.
M2 macrophage-secreted exosomes promote metastasis and increase vascular permeability in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lu Yiwei , Han Guoyong , Zhang Yao , Zhang Long , Li Zhi , Wang Qingyuan , Chen Zhiqiang , Wang Xuehao , Wu Jindao
Published: January 2022

Background: Metastasis is the main feature of malignant tumors and is mainly responsible for its high mortality, particularly in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, it is important to explore the mechanism of tumor metastasis. Recently, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have been shown to promote tumor progression, whereas TAM-derived molecules that are involved in HCC metastasis require further investigation.Methods: THP-1 were treated with IL-4 (Interleukin-4) and IL-13 (Interleukin-13) for M2 polarized macrophages. Exosomes derived from M2 macrophages were characterized. HCC cells or human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were cocultured with M2 macrophages or treated with M2 macrophage-secreted exosomes. Transwell®, tube formation, and endothelial permeability assays were performed. RT-PCR, western-blotting, immunofluorescence and ELISA were used to assess mRNA and protein expression levels. MiRNA expression profiles of exosomes derived from M2 and M0 macrophages were analyzed. Results: M2 macrophage infiltration is correlated to metastasis and poor prognosis of HCC patients. M2-derived exosomes were absorbed by HCC and HUVEC cells and promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), vascular permeability, and angiogenesis. MiR-23a-3p was significantly higher in M2-derived exosomes and hnRNPA1-mediated miR-23a-3p packaging into exosomes. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and tight junction protein 1 (TJP1) were the targets of miR-92a-3p, as confirmed by luciferase reporter assays. HCC cells cocultured with M2-derived exosomes secreted more GM-CSF, VEGF, G-CSF, MCP-1 and IL-4, which in turn recruited more M2 macrophages. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that M2 macrophage-derived miR-23a-3p enhances HCC metastasis by promoting EMT and angiogenesis, as well as increasing vascular permeability.
Exploration of Dilated Cardiomyopathy for Biomarkers and Immune Microenvironment: Evidence From RNA-seq
Authors: Fang Chenggang , Lv Zhan , Yu Zhimin , Wang Kexin , Xu Chengkai , Li Yixuan , Wang Yanggan
Published: January 2022

Background: The pathogenic mechanism of Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) remain to be defined. This study aimed to identify hub genes and immune cells that could serve as potential therapeutic targets for DCM.Methods: We downloaded four data sets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, GSE141910, GSE3585, GSE42955 and GSE79962. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) and differential expression analysis were performed to identified genes panel related DCM. Meanwhile, CIBERSORT algorithm was used to estimate the immune cells in DCM tissues. Multiple machine learning approaches were used to screen the hub genes and immune cells. Finally, the diagnostic value of the hub genes was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.Results: FRZB and EXT1 were identified as hub biomarkers, and the ROC curves suggested an excellent diagnostic ability of above genes for DCM. In addition, B cells naive was up-regulated in DMC tissues, while Eosinophils, Macrophages M2, and T cells CD4 memory were down-regulated in DMC tissues.Conclusion: These results indicated that FRZB and EXT1 could be used as promising biomarkers, and Eosinophils, Macrophages M2, T cells CD4 memory resting and B cells naive also may affect the occurrence of DCM.
Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of SWEET gene family in daylily (Hemerocallis fulva) and functional analysis of HfSWEET17 in response to cold stress
Authors: Huang Dongmei , Chen Ying , Qin Qiaoping
Published: January 2022

Background: The SWEET (Sugars Will Eventually Be Exported Transporters) was a newly discovered family of sugar transporters whose members exist in a variety of organisms and is highly conserved. The SWEET genes have been reported to be involved in growth and development in many plants, but little is known about in daylily (Hemerocallis fulva) , which is an important perennial flower.Results: In this study, a total of 19 daylily SWEET genes were identified and named based on its homologous genes in Arabidopsis and rice. Phylogenetic analysis classifed these HfSWEET genes into four clades (Clade I to IV). The conserved motifs and gene structures showed that the HfSWEET genes were very conservative during evolution. Chromosomal localization and synteny analysis found that HfSWEET genes were unevenly distributed in eleven chromosomes and there were five pairs of segmental duplicated events and only one pairs of tandem duplication event. The expression patterns of the 19 HfSWEET genes showed that the expression levels of most HfSWEET genes were increased under low temperatures. Furthermore, HfSWEET17 was overexpressed in tobacco and cold resistance of transgenic plants were much higher than in wild-type tobacco.Conclusion: This study is the first report of identifying the SWEET gene family in daylily at the genome-wide level, and most of the genes were expressed in different temperature. The overexpression further showed that HfSWEET17 genes was participate in daylily low-temperature response. The results of this study provide a basis for further functional analysis of the SWEET gene family in daylily.
Root electrical capacitance as an indicator of wheat growth and yield in a free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) experiment
Authors: Cseresnyés Imre , Pokovai Klára , Barcza Zoltán , Marton Tibor A. , Fodor Nándor
Published: January 2022

Background and aims This study was the first to test the efficiency of monitoring root electrical capacitance (CR*) non-destructively in the field to evaluate crop development under different environmental conditions.Methods A free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiment was performed with two winter wheat cultivars, two levels (low and high) of nitrogen supply and two (ambient and elevated) of [CO2] in three replicate plots over two years. The validity of CR* as a proxy for root uptake activity was confirmed by tracking the ceptometer-based leaf area index (LAI).Results Repeated CR* measurements clearly demonstrated the seasonal dynamics in root development, with a peak at flowering, and the delayed growth in the second year caused by the unfavourable meteorological conditions. From the vegetative to flowering stages, CR* was strongly correlated with LAI (R2: 0.897–0.962). The positive effect of higher N supply and elevated [CO2] on crop growth was clearly indicated by the higher CR* values, associated with increased LAI, shoot dry mass (SDM) at flowering and grain yield (GY). The maximum CR* was closely related to GY (R2: 0.805 and 0.867) when the data were pooled across the N and CO2 treatments and the years. Unlike CR* and GY, SDM and LAI were significantly lower in the second year, presumably due to the enhanced root/shoot ratio induced by a severe spring drought.Conclusions The present results convincingly demonstrated the potential of the in situ root capacitance method to assess root responses dynamically, and to predict crop GY.
Intrauterine Growth Restriction and Its Impact on Intestinal Morphophysiology Throughout Postnatal Development in Pigs
Authors: Santos Thais , Fernandes Saffir , Araujo Stefany , Felicioni Fernando , Paula Thais , Brant Andre Caldeira , Ferreira Soraia , Naves Luciana , Souza Stefania , Campos Paulo , Chiarini-Garcia Helio , Dias Ana Luisa , Almeida Fernanda
Published: January 2022

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) compromises fetal development, leading to low birth weight, and predisposes to gastrointestinal disorders. Pigs that suffered IUGR present poor postnatal development, resulting in great economic losses to the industry. The small intestine may be involved with their growth commitment, but studies investigating this issue are still limited. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate small intestine morphofunctional alterations in IUGR pigs throughout the production phases (birth to 150 days). IUGR pigs presented lower body weight from birth to the finishing phase (P<0.05). Although histomorphometrical parameters were not affected during the pre-weaning period, their commitment was observed specifically in the duodenum of the IUGR group at older ages (P<0.05). The most detrimental effects on the small intestine, such as highest duodenum crypts’ depth, lowest villus height:crypt depth ratio and absorptive area, increased apoptosis and lower proliferation of the duodenum epithelium were noticed at 70 days of age (P<0.05). Additionally, IUGR pigs presented the lowest chymotrypsin and amylase activities at 70 and 150 days of age, respectively (P<0.05). These findings showed intestinal disturbances in IUGR pigs throughout the different production phases, demonstrating that poor performance is a consequence of intestinal damage mainly at the grower period.
Identification and Functional Characterization of the First Deep Intronic GLA Mutation (IVS4+1326C>T) Causing Renal Variant of Fabry Disease
Authors: Dai Xuantong , Zong Xue , Pan Xiaoxia , Lu Wei , Jiang Geng-Ru , Lin Fujun
Published: January 2022

Background: Fabry disease (FD, OMIM #301500) is an X-linked lysosomal disorder caused by the deficiency of α-galactosidase A (α-GalA), encoded by the GLA gene. Among more than 1100 reported GLA mutations, few were deep intronic mutations which have been linked to classic and cardiac variants of FD. Methods and results: We report a novel hemizygous deep intronic GLA mutation (IVS4+1326C>T) in a 33-year-old Chinese man with a mild α-GalA deficiency phenotype involving isolated proteinuria and predominant globotriaosylceramide deposits in podocytes. IVS4+1326C>T, which appears to be the first deep intronic GLA mutation associated with renal variant of FD, was identified by Sanger sequencing the entire GLA DNA sequence of the patient’s peripheral mononuclear blood lymphocytes (PBMCs). Further sequencing of cDNA from PBMCs of the patient revealed a minor full-length GLA transcript accounting for about 25% of total GLA transcript, along with two major aberrantly spliced GLA transcripts both encoding deficient α-GalA, as determined by in vitro functional assay. As a result, our patient had a high residual α-GalA activity of 75% of normal activity, highlighting the vulnerability of podocytes to α-GalA deficiency. The combined clinical phenotype, genetic analysis and functional studies verified the pathogenicity of IVS4+1326C>T.Conclusions: The identification of IVS4+1326C>T establishes a link between deep intronic GLA mutation and the renal variant of FD, which extends the mutation spectrum in GLA gene and justifies further study of how IVS4+1326C>T and potentially other deep intronic GLA mutations contribute to Fabry podocytopathy through aberrant splicing. Future studies should also assess the true incidence of IVS4+1326C>T in patients with different variants of FD, which may improve early genetic diagnosis to allow timely treatment that can prevent disease progression and improve survival.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Mothers with Preterm Infants in Terms of Feeding
Authors: Kemer Seda Nur , Comuk-Balci Nilay , Serel-Arslan Selen
Published: January 2022

Aim: To examine knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of mothers with preterm infants in terms of feeding.Method: Forty-one mothers of orally fed preterm infants with a corrected age of less than 6 months were included in the study. A questionnaire about KAP of mothers regarding infant feeding was administered. The Spielberger State Trait Anxiety Inventory was completed to measure the anxiety level of mothers. Results: It was found that 58.5% of the mothers had had high level of knowledge. In terms of practice, 58.5% of the mothers had a good practice level. The mothers had mild state anxiety and moderate trait anxiety. A strong positive correlation was found between the level of knowledge and practice. A good negative correlation was found between state anxiety and the level of knowledge, the level of practice, and between trait anxiety and the level of knowledge. There was a moderate negative correlation between trait anxiety and the level of practice.Interpretation: Although mothers have high levels of knowledge and practice about feeding preterm infants and have positive attitudes, they still have anxiety. Therefore, feeding counseling services during the growth process of the infant will reveal positive results for both mothers and infants.
Evaluation of the Protective Efficacy of a Spatial Repellent to Reduce Malaria Incidence in Children in Mali Compared to Placebo: Study Protocol for a Cluster-randomized Double-blinded Control Trial (The Aegis Program).
Authors: Hulle Suzanne Van , Sagara Issaka , Mbodji Momar , Nana Ghislain Ismael , Coulibaly Mamadou , Dicko Alassane , Thera Ismaila , Kone Mamady , Sylla Daman , Traore Mamadou Diango , Liu Fang , Grieco John P. , Achee Nicole Louise
Published: January 2022

Background: Spatial repellents have been widely used for the prevention of mosquito bites but their efficacy in reducing mosquito borne diseases has never been evaluated in Africa. Additionally, spatial repellents have the potential of being critical tools in the prevention of mosquito borne diseases in contexts where typical vectors control efforts such as insecticide treated nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spray (IRS) are inaccessible or underutilized such as among displaced populations or in emergency relief settings. To address this knowledge gap, Kolondieba District, Sikasso Region, Mali was selected as a site to estimate the impact of the Shield™, a spatial repellent that incorporates transfluthrin on a plastic sheet, on malaria related outcomes. Over the past decade, the Region of Sikasso, Health districts of Kadiolo, Yorosso and Kolondieba have remained among the most afflicted, characterized by an annual parasite incidence of more than 116 cases per 1000 population [1] and a Plasmodium falciparum prevalence rate of 29.7% [2]. Methods: Cluster-randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical trial, whereby children ≥6 months to <10 years old will be enrolled and followed to determine time to malaria infection with monthly blood samples for microscopic diagnosis. A total of 1,920 subjects (HHs) will be enrolled in 60 clusters (30 spatial repellent, 30 placebo). Malaria incidence will be estimated and compared to demonstrate and quantify the protective efficacy (PE) of a spatial repellent, in reducing malaria infection. Monthly mosquito collections using CDC light traps will be conducted to determine if there are entomological correlates of spatial repellent efficacy that may be useful for the evaluation of new spatial repellents. Quarterly human landing catches (HLC) will assess behavioral effects of the intervention. Discussion: Findings will serve as an efficacy trial of spatial repellent products for sub-Saharan Africa. Findings will be submitted to the World Health Organization Vector Control Advisory Group (WHO VCAG) for assessment of whether spatial repellents have “public health value.” Entomological outcomes will also be measured as proxies of malaria transmission to help develop guidelines for the evaluation of future spatial repellent products. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04795648. Registered on March 12, 2021. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04795648?term=grieco&draw=2&rank=6
Impact of a Mobile Application Based Intervention on Improving Glycemic Control
Authors: Rafaqat Wardah , Belgaumi Sameer Mohiuddin , Syed Maeen Abbas , Iqbal Rafay
Published: January 2022

Purpose
Diabetes often remains untreated in low-resource settings due to inadequate healthcare infrastructure and compromised mobility especially, for women. The Glucose Trail (GT) intervention was designed to manage diabetes in patients from a low resource setting via a mobile application and community mobilization. The primary objective of this study was to assess the impact of the intervention on glycemic control parameters. The secondary objective was to examine the change in blood pressure, BMI and waist circumference.
Methods
A retrospective review was conducted among patients included in the GT intervention conducted between February 2019 to August 2019 at a health-center in Pind Begwal, Pakistan. Patients with HbA1c > 6.5% (48mmol/mol) and FBG >126 mg/dL or random blood glucose >200 mg/dL were included. Patients with end-stage diabetes complications, advanced medical comorbidities requiring frequent hospitalization or lack of ambulation were excluded. Lady health workers, selected from the community, followed patients for 6 months via home visits. During each visit, the patient’s FBG, waist circumference, weight and blood pressure were updated in the GT mobile application. The information was reviewed by a remote physician who titrated treatment. The updated plan was then conveyed to the patient by a lady health worker.
Results
44 patients were enrolled in Pind Begwal; 3 lost to follow-up. A decrease in HBA1c (p=0.026)), FBG (p=0.044), systolic blood pressure (p=0.044) and diastolic blood pressure (p=0.002) was recorded. There was an increase in average BMI (p=0.318) and decrease in waist circumference (p=0.511) compared to baseline values.
Conclusions
The GT application intervention improved glycemic control among patient from a low-resource setting. Further studies with a larger sample size are necessary to solidify this association.