bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Sad State of Maternal Health in the United States
Authors: Jones-Schenk Jan
Published: October 2023

Despite our economic and social standing as a world power and one of the key developed nations, the United States continues to show worsening maternal health outcomes. A lack of recognition of the serious impacts and complications of pregnancy and a lack of willingness to raise these matters to a level of national dialogue have been contributing factors to recent declines. A new program at the National Institutes of Health is intended to change the direction of the data trend.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2023;54(11):495–496.]
Nurse as Leader, A Pillar of Professional Identity
Authors: Embree Jennifer L. , Liebig Debra
Published: October 2023

The nurse as leader is a critical pillar of nursing professional identity to support ongoing development of nurses in a safe, effective, and healthy work environment. Defined as “inspiring self and others to transform a shared vision into reality” (
University of Kansas School of Nursing, 2023
), the Nurse as Leader Pillar is developed throughout a nurse's career. Starting with nursing school, students must learn nursing leadership skills and develop and integrate leadership characteristics into their practice. Professional development specialists must embed these characteristics into nursing education, as all nurses are leaders. Current nurses in practice must set the stage and model leadership in their environment as new nurses are introduced into the profession.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs.
2023;54(11):497–500.]
Occupational Stress and Job Satisfaction: Differences Among Racial/Ethnic and Immigration Groups
Authors: Hawes Frances M. , Wang Shuangshuang
Published: October 2023

The current study aimed to investigate the factors contributing to long-term care workers' job satisfaction by examining the association between occupational stress (including job resources and job demands) and job satisfaction, and the differences among racial/ethnic and immigration groups. Data of 2,763 nursing assistants were retrieved from the National Nursing Assistant Survey. Guided by the job demands-resources model, we found that high job resources and low job demands contributed to job satisfaction. Our findings also suggest that occupational stress works differently based on race/ethnicity and immigration status. Long-term care providers looking to recruit and retain workers should include multiple job resources tailored to their diverse workforce. Designing existing workplace environments to promote job resources and reduce job demands is a useful way to lessen the adverse effects of occupational stress within the workplace. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 49
(11), 42–52.]
The Flying Spirit of Movement within These Solid Objects: Marie Menken’s Home Movies
Authors: Hart Adam Charles
Published: October 2023

Marie Menken (1909-1970) was one of the most influential and beloved filmmakers of the American avant-garde, a liberatory inspiration for several subsequent generations of artists. Her films were characterized by wildly kinetic handheld camerawork, which have largely been understood through the lens of those she inspired. This essay analyzes Menken’s films in terms more specific to her, focusing on her broadly inclusive, often structuring celebration of motion in all its forms.
The Watch and the Sparkler: Time and Movement in Long Day’s Journey into Night (2018)
Authors: Keating Patrick
Published: October 2023

The accompanying audiovisual essay is a close analysis of Bi Gan's 2018 movie Long Day's Journey into Night. Inspired by the movie, the video divides into two parts. The first half outlines Long Day's split structure; the second analyzes the spectacular moving shot that concludes the movie.
Not Done Being Over: Death and the Trouble with Understatement
Authors: Brinkema Eugenie
Published: October 2023

The paradox of The Trouble with Harry: While Hitchcock dubbed it an exercise in “understatement,” the film turns on the hyperbolic insistence of the corpse at its center. Contravening the unmoved narrative and indifferent or irritated characters, the movements of cinematic form alone propose an ethical stance towards the dead.
Biases related to periostin levels in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis: a systematic review
Authors: Alanzi O A , AlBlaies W F , Elnadif I A , Riga M G
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND: The role of periostin in the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) has been debated in the literature, with several authors proposing periostin as a potential biomarker or theurapeutical target. However, the mechanisms regulating the systematic or local periostin production in both CRSwNP patients and controls remain elusive. METHODOLOGY: Any factors reported to affect periostin expression in polyp tissue samples, nasal mucosa samples, serum and nasal secretions were considered as primary outcomes in this systematic review. Interactions or synergistic effects between bias factors were considered as secondary outcomes. RESULTS: Eosinophilic CRSwNP, large polyp size and radiological severity were found to be high-risk, positive bias factors for periostin levels in polyp tissue samples, while the role of atopy and asthma has been debated. Immunotherapy and eosinophilic endotype were identified as biases for serum periostin measurements, while steroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug exacerbated respiratory disease remain of unclear risk. Bronchal asthma, eosinophilic endotype and immunotherapy have been reported to bias periostin measurements in nasal secretions. CONCLUSIONS: The relevant literature is extremely limited and little is actually known about the intrinsic or extrinsic factors affecting periostin measurements. The synthesis of the existing literature should be done with cautiousness.
Friction Performance Analysis of Mine Wet Multi-Disc
Brake
Authors: Zhang Chuanwei , Jin Xiaohe , Zhao Dawei , Liu Jinpeng
Published: October 2023

This article takes the wet multi-disc brake used in mining Isuzu 600P as the
research object, establishes a simplified three-dimensional model of its key
components through SOLIDWORKS and imports it into ANSYS Workbench to establish
the flow field and structure field model of the wet brake. Based on the
fluid–solid coupling, the finite element simulation of the temperature field and
stress field of the friction pair of the wet brake under different braking
pressures, braking initial speeds, and fluid viscosities was carried out, and
then the position changes of the friction pairs at high temperature hot spots
and high stress points were analyzed to determine the stability of its friction
performance. Finally, by comparing the temperature change curves of the same
point during the braking process under different braking conditions, the
validity of the finite element analysis results is verified. The results show
that the flow field pressure inside the wet brake is opposite to the flow field
velocity, the initial braking velocity is the most influential factor on the
friction performance of the friction pair, affected by the fluid, the maximum
equivalent stress of the groove between the core plates is the same as the
braking force. Pressure, braking initial speed, and fluid viscosity are
proportional.
The Influence of Cooling Air-Path Restrictions on Fuel Consumption of a Series Hybrid Electric Off-Road Tracked Vehicle
Authors: Sundar Anirudh , Vannarath Ashwin , Prucka Robert , Zhu Qilun , Korivi Vamshi , Ruan Yeefeng
Published: October 2023

Electrification of off-road vehicle powertrains can increase mobility, improve energy efficiency, and enable new utility by providing high amounts of electrical power for auxiliary devices. These vehicles often operate in extreme temperature conditions at low ground speeds and high power levels while also having significant cooling airpath restrictions. The restrictions are a consequence of having grilles and/or louvers in the airpath to prevent damage from the operating environment. Moreover, the maximum operating temperatures for high voltage electrical components, like batteries, motors, and power-electronics, can be significantly lower than those of the internal combustion engine. Rejecting heat at a lower temperature gradient requires higher flow rates of air for effective heat exchange to the operating environment at extreme temperature conditions. High airflow rates, coupled with significant airpath restrictions, result in significant cooling power requirements and increased fuel consumption. This simulation-based study evaluates an off-road series hybrid tracked vehicle over High-speed and Complex-terrain driving scenarios at high ambient temperatures. From this case study it is found that 4-6% of fuel is utilized to cool the vehicle without air-path restriction. When significant restrictions are added to the air-path, the total percentage of fuel consumed to cool the powertrain increased to 11-16%.
NOx Emission Characteristics of Active Pre-Chamber Jet Ignition Engine with Ammonia Hydrogen Blending Fuel
Authors: Shang Quanbo , Ji Meng , Li Liguang , Huang Yi
Published: October 2023

Ammonia is employed as the carbon-free fuel in the future engine, which is consistent with the requirements of the current national dual-carbon policy. However, the great amount of NOx and unburned NH3/H2 in the exhaust emissions is produced from combustion of ammonia and is one kind of the most strictly controlled pollutants in the emission regulation. This paper aims to investigate the NOx and unburned NH3/H2 generative process and emission characteristics by CFD simulation during the engine combustion. The results show that the unburned ammonia and hydrogen emissions increase with an increase of equivalence ratio and hydrogen blending ratio. In contrast, the emission concentrations of NOx, NO, and NO2 decrease with the increasing of equivalence ratio, but increase with hydrogen blending ratio rising. The emission concentration of N2O is highly sensitive to the O/H group and temperature, and it is precisely opposite to that of NO and NO2. Moreover, by a trade-off between NOx and unburned NH3/H2 emissions, it is difficult to simultaneously achieve low emissions for both. Thus, the engine should be operated at stoichiometry or slightly lean combustion strategy, and with a blending ratio of around 0.1, which is more appropriate. Moreover, in order to keep the lower emissions relying solely on in-cylinder combustion control strategy is insufficient for ammonia-hydrogen fueled engines, and the development of specialized aftertreatment system is crucial and urgent.
Non-Evaporating Kerosene Fuel Spray Tip Penetration: A Comparison between Phenomenological Models and Experiments
Authors: Billerot Pierre-Lou , Tétrault Pascal , Fleischmann Antoine , Lemaire Romain , Seers Patrice
Published: October 2023

Interest in the use of kerosene fuel in diesel engines has garnered researchers’ attention in the past few years due to its improve premixed combustion and its ability to decrease soot emission. The potential of using kerosene in the design stage of a diesel engine is thus a great motivator to study fuel spray development and to evaluate known fuel spray tip correlations and models with respect to their predictive capability with such a fuel. Therefore, the present paper proposes to investigate the spray development of a multi-hole solenoid injector fueled with kerosene under non-evaporative conditions. Moreover, the experimental results are used to evaluate how different phenomenological models proposed in the literature for diesel fuel are able to predict kerosene spray tip penetration. The experimental test rig is composed of a constant-volume pressurized vessel and a camera allowing to visualize the liquid phase using a backlight illumination technique. The influence of the injection pressure is studied at 400, 800 and 1600 bar, while three different injection durations (0.5, 1, and 2 ms) and five ambient pressures (2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 bar) are investigated. The experimental results are presented using a nondimensional time and fuel spray tip penetration to facilitate the analysis. The results show, as expected, that increasing the injection pressure or decreasing the ambient pressure results in a faster fuel spray tip penetration. The models that are evaluated include a constant ambient density hypothesis formulation, a variable ambient density model and three empirical correlations. A comparison between the models and experimental results shows that low injection pressure and short injection duration are two conditions in which the models have difficulty to predict the fuel spray tip penetration. Overall, the best performance was offered by the variable density model, which predicted the experimental data well.
The Effect of Sulfated Ash Content in Lubricant Oil on Particulate Emission of Gasoline Engine
Authors: Ling Lei , Sun Ruiyu , Xu Jinshan
Published: October 2023

On a 1.5L TGDI gasoline engine bench(without GPF), 4 lubricant oils A/B/C/D with different sulfated ash content (1.1wt.%/0.8wt.%/0.7wt.%/0.5wt.%) were used to test the impact on the emission of PN and PM under WLTC condition.

In the test results, the PN and PM values of Oil A are the largest, 7.12E+12 p/km and 2.60mg/km respectively, the PN and PM values of Oil B and C are the equivalent, 5.58E+12 p/km&5.72E+12 p/km,1.81 mg/km & 2.03 mg/km respectively, and the PN and PM values of Oil D are 5.38E+12 p/km and 1.65mg/km respectively. The test results indicate that the sulfated ash content of engine oil affects the particulate emission level of the engine. Oil with high sulfated ash content(1.1 wt.%) has high emission values(PN&PM); Oils with low sulfated ash content (0.8wt.%) have lower emission values (PN&PM). When the sulfated ash content of the oil is below 0.8wt.%, there is almost no significant difference in emission values (PN&PM).
Comparing Real Driving Emissions from Euro 6d-TEMP Vehicles Running on E0 and E10 Gasoline Blends
Authors: Shankar Varun , Usen Ime , Molden Nick , Willman Christopher , Leach Felix
Published: October 2023

Several governments are increasing the blending mandate of renewable fuels to reduce the life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions of the road transport sector. Currently, ethanol is a prominent renewable fuel and is used in low-level blends, such as E10 (10 %v/v ethanol, 90 %v/v gasoline) in many parts of the world. However, the exact concentration of ethanol amongst other renewable fuel components in commercially available fuels can vary and is not known.

To understand the impact of the renewable fuel content on the emissions from Euro 6d-TEMP emissions specification vehicles, this paper examines the real-driving emissions (RDE) from four 2020 to 2022 model-year vehicles run on E0 and E10 fuels. CO, CO2, NO, and NO2 were measured through a Portable Emissions Measuring System (PEMS). In addition, N2O, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and other gaseous and particulate tailpipe emissions were measured and categorized in cold-start, urban, rural, and motorway segments with a proprietary system developed by Emissions Analytics. Engine-out emissions were also measured from a single-cylinder engine at steady-state low speed and load conditions.

The results show that the aldehydes, VOCs, and N2O emissions were greatest at cold-start and lowest at motorway conditions. The formaldehyde real-driving emissions increased by 14 % on average between the E0 and E10 fuels. However, the formaldehyde engine-out emissions were reduced for E10. Acetaldehyde real-driving emissions were below the detectable threshold for both E0 and E10 fuels, whereas, engine-out emissions increased for the E10. Whilst CO emissions presented inconsistent results across the cars and driving conditions, a reduction in CO2 emissions with the E10 fuel was observed across all conditions. NOx emissions increased for E10 compared to the E0 fuel in urban conditions and the opposite was observed for the motorway conditions. These findings highlight the need for the co-development of emissions regulations as greater ethanol and other renewable fuel content is blended into gasoline.
Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition for Characterising Exhaust Nano-Scale Particle Emissions of a Turbocharged Gasoline Power Unit
Authors: El Yacoubi Ismail , Samuel Stephen
Published: October 2023

This paper presents a method for analysing the characteristics of nano-scale particles emitted from a 1.6 Litre, 4-stroke, gasoline direct injection (GDI) and turbocharged spark ignition engine fitted with a three-way catalytic converter. Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) is employed in this work to decompose the nano-scale particle size spectrums obtained using a differential mobility spectrometer (DMS) into Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMF). Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is then applied to each IMF to compute its frequency content.

The results show a strong correlation between the IMFs of specific particle ranges and the IMFs of the total particle count at various speed and load operating conditions. Hence, it is possible to characterise the influence of specific nano-scale particle ranges on the total particulate matter signal by analysing the frequency components of its IMFs using the EEMD-FFT method. This approach can provide a useful insight for developing a control strategy for reducing nano-scale particle emissions of a GDI engine. The present work details the systematic methodology followed for using EEMD in combination with FFT to analyse the spectrums of nano-scale particulate matter emissions.
A Technical Review on Existing Methodologies and Industry Practices for Powertrain Mounting System Development through Multi Body Dynamics
Authors: Ghale Guruprasad , Thakur Pragyesh Singh , THAKUR SUNIL , Wagh Sachin
Published: October 2023

The main purpose of the powertrain mounting system is to reduce excessive motion created by the powertrain system as well as to isolate vibration and noise from being transferred to the main system There are two fundamental requirements which needs to be fulfilled by mounting system, those are static requirement and dynamic requirement. Where the static requirements states that it should support the whole weight of the powertrain system under sever driving conditions and to avoid the metal-to-metal contact between oscillating parts of engine and structure. Dynamic requirement states that it should efficiently isolate the vibration and unbalanced forces, furthermore it should allow the sufficient movement of powertrain so as it will not damage the structure of the chassis. The mounting system also plays a significant role in vehicle ride and handling, as it controls the motion of largest mass of the vehicle i.e., powertrain. Therefore, a great attention is being given to the analysis and optimization of the characteristics and behavior of mounting system at initial stages of PMS development. The analysis of mounting system at initial stage of PMS development refers to the investigation of RBM characteristics of powertrain for a particular mounting configuration. This paper discusses the existing design considerations and different methodologies used for analysis and evaluation of specifications of mounting system. In addition, the different parameters affecting the behavior of the mounts are reviewed in detail. The analysis and optimization procedure for powertrain mounting system through multi body simulation approach is described. A case study has been performed by modelling a PMS of a 3-wheeler vehicle using Adams vibration tool. The rigid body modal characteristics of PMS is analyzed and validated with testing results.
Development of Lightweight Oil Catch Tank Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Watanabe Keita , Kurita Hirotaka , Iwasaki Shinya , Mitsui Riku , Nagao Takashi , Tashiro Tsuguharu , Ichimura Makoto , Kano Yoshiaki , Kusui Jun
Published: October 2023

Laser powder bed fusion is one of the metal additive manufacturing technologies, so-called 3D printing. It has attracted great attentions due to high geometrical flexibility and remarkable metallurgical characteristics. An oil catch tank has been widely used in automotive industries for filtering oil vapors or carbon sludge from blow-by gas as a conventional usage. A pneumatic valve system mainly adopted to high-performance engines is also a potential application of it because undesirable oil infiltrates into air springs during engine operation, resulting in an excess spring pressure. This work focused on developing a lightweight oil catch tank which can be applied to a pneumatic valve system by taking advantage of additive manufacturing techniques. Al-Mg-Sc alloy powder with high tensile strength as well as high ductility were used under the consideration of specific strength, printability and availability. Test specimens fabricated with optimal printing parameters exhibited mechanical properties comparable to a high-strength wrought material as well as unique metallurgical characteristics due to rapid solidification. The newly developed oil catch tank was designed taking into account material properties acquired in this study and functional requirements of the component. The developed tank had a monolithic structure whereas conventional one consists of multiple parts. Moreover, the wall thickness was minimized from location to location based on the induced stress distribution. These are distinct geometrical features which are very difficult to be created by classical processes. As a result, the novel 3D-printed tank in this work was around 60% lighter than conventional one, and experimentally demonstrated to meet the functional requirements.
Development of a Lightweight One-Piece Aluminum Casting Swingarms
Authors: Yamamoto Kodai , Ito Takafumi , Watanabe Kentaro , Hosokawa Shohei , Nagasaka Kazuya , Endo Yudai , Yoshihiro Masuda , Imamura Yusuke , Maeda Fujio
Published: October 2023

Fuel-efficient motorcycles are essential for energy conservation and environmental load reduction. To achieve low fuel consumption, reducing the weight of the body parts of the motorcycle is important. This study focuses on reducing the weight of the swingarms, a relatively heavy body part. However, reducing the weight of swingarms is challenging owing to the low flexibility in their shape because swingarms are conventionally made of multiple pipes and casting parts welded together. Therefore, we utilized the integral casting technology and examined a new light weight shape. However, creating a new shape manually is difficult. Thus, we examined a new shape using the shape optimization technology, which has been recently used in additive manufacturing. The shapes fabricated using this technology are generally complex and difficult to manufacture by casting. Therefore, we adjusted optimization condition with casting. We derived a new shape which can not only be casted but also has good balance between weight and rigidity. After studying the casting design using casting simulation, a prototype was fabricated by sand mold casting. We achieved a weight reduction of 7.3% compared to the conventional welded structure. The prototype passed the onboard durability test, and the running evaluation test was completed without any problems.
Experimental and Numerical Analysis of an Outward Opening Injector Pintle Dynamics
Authors: Eguiluz Rodrigo , Stover Luke , Powell Tommy , Costa Tiago , Kopache Alexander , Hartman Peter , Hwang Joonsik , Shkolnik Alexander
Published: October 2023

Direct injection strategies have been successfully used on spark ignited internal combustion engines for improving performance and reducing emissions. Among the different technologies available, outward opening injectors seem to have found their place in renewable applications running on gaseous fuels, including natural gas or hydrogen, as well as in a few specific liquid fuel applications.

In order to understand the key operating principles of these devices, their limitations and the resulting sprays, it is necessary to accurately describe the pintle dynamics. The pintle’s relative position with respect to the injector body defines the internal flow geometry and therefore the injection rates and spray characteristics.

In this paper both numerical and experimental investigations of the dynamics of an outward opening injector pintle have been carried out. The injector average flow rates and instantaneous pintle position have been experimentally measured at a variety of pressures and injection durations using air as the working fluid. In addition to the experimental measurements, the injector internals were thoroughly measured and characterized so that a high-fidelity numerical model could be assembled.

A multi-physics model featuring a simplified electromagnetic representation of the injector solenoid and a spring-mass-damper system for the pintle dynamics integrated with a 1-dimensional computational fluid dynamics description of the internal flow using two-way fluid-structure-interaction coupling was developed in the commercial software GT-Suite. The model is capable of accurately predicting the pintle position and average flow rates, at a variety of conditions, using working fluid pressure and injector current profile as the only inputs.
Simulation Study of the Effect of Nozzle Position and Hydrogen
Injection Strategy on Hydrogen Engine Combustion Characteristic
Authors: Tan Piqiang , Tian Yuan , Lou Diming , Zhang Yunhua , Liu Dengcheng , Zhao Keqin
Published: October 2023

Hydrogen energy is a kind of secondary energy with an abundant source, wide
application, green, and is low-carbon, which is important for building a clean,
low-carbon, safe, and efficient energy system and achieving the goal of carbon
peaking and being carbon neutral. In this paper, the effect of nozzle position,
hydrogen injection timing, and ignition timing on the in-cylinder combustion
characteristics is investigated separately with the 13E hydrogen engine as the
simulation object. The test results show that when the nozzle position is set in
the middle of the intake and exhaust tracts (L2 and L3), the peak in-cylinder
pressure is slightly higher than that of L1, but when the nozzle position is L2,
the cylinder pressure curve is the smoothest, the peak exothermic rate is the
lowest, and the peak cylinder temperature is the lowest. When the ignition
timing is consistent, with the delay of hydrogen injection timing, the peak
in-cylinder pressure decreases and the peak phase remains the same, the peak
in-cylinder temperature and peak exothermic rate increase, and the peak phase is
advanced; the stall period is the shortest when the hydrogen injection timing is
120°CA BTDC; and the combustion DOC is the most stalled when the hydrogen
injection timing is 160°CA BTDC. When the hydrogen injection timing is
consistent with the advance of the ignition timing, the peak of in-cylinder
pressure and in-cylinder temperature increases, the stall period of in-cylinder
combustion increases, the pre-burn period shortens, and the post-burn period
shortens. When the ignition advance angle is 15°CA BTDC, the lowest heat release
rate is 130 J/°CA, and when the ignition advance angle is 25°CA BTDC, the
highest heat release rate is 208 J/°CA.
Analysis and Control of Gear Rattle Noise for E-Axle
Authors: Wang Dong , Zhang Wei , Yang Zhengrui
Published: October 2023

As the main power form of new energy vehicles, e-axle systems
are has been widely used in passenger vehicles and commercial
vehicles. A passenger car equipped with an e-axle, in constant speed and low
torque conditions, there is a noticeable rattle noise, through experimental
investigation and comparative analysis, it is confirmed that the connection
spline of motor and reducer is the main influencing factor. Then, Through the
qualitative analysis of simulation, it is found that both spline clearance and
misalignment have an amplification effect on the motor speed, thereby
stimulating the gear pair of the reducer to produce rattle. The amplification
effect of spline clearance is stronger than that of spline misalignment.
Therefore, improving the stiffness and application amount of lubricating grease
while controlling the spline sample to meet the design requirements can
effectively solve the problem of rattle, improve the accuracy of spline
alignment, and significantly reduce the probability of rattle. An engineering
solution has been proposed for the problem of gear rattle in e-axle, effectively
improving the NVH level of similar e-axle products.
Transient Temperature Field Prediction of PMSM Based on
Electromagnetic-Heat-Flow Multi-Physics Coupling and Data-Driven Fusion
Modeling
Authors: Tang Peng , Zhao Zhiguo , Li Haodi
Published: October 2023

With the increase of motor speed and the deterioration of operating environment,
it is more difficult to predict the transient temperature field (TTF).
Meanwhile, it is difficult to obtain the temperature test dataset of key nodes
under various complete road conditions, so the cost of bench test or real
vehicle test is high. Therefore, it is of great significance to establish a high
fidelity, lightweight temperature prediction model which can be applied to real
vehicle thermal management for ensuring the safe and stable operation of motor.
In this paper, a physical model simulating electromagnetic-heat-flow
multi-physical coupling of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) in electric
drive gearbox (EDG) is established, and the correctness of the model is verified
by the actual EDG bench test. Secondly, combined with the high order lumped
parameter thermal network (LPTN) model derived from the multi-physics coupling
model, the ten-node thermal network model of PMSM is established by selecting
the key temperature nodes. Then, the temperature of the main component is
estimated using ordinary least squares (OLS). Considering the thermal network
model and the improved graph convolutional neural network (GCN), an OLS-RGCN TTF
prediction model based on spatial temporal relationship graph (OLS-RGCN) is
constructed. Finally, the OLS-RGCN model, the multi-physics coupling finite
element model and the other two proxy models are compared with the self-test
dataset obtained from the EDG bench test system. It is found that OLS-RGCN is a
regression proxy model with the best comprehensive prediction performance. When
the prediction time is 10s, the root mean square error and global maximum
prediction error is 1.57 °C and 5.02°C, respectively.
Research on the Influence of Different Working Conditions on the
Driving Range, Energy Consumption and Emissions of Heavy-Duty Hybrid
Buses
Authors: Gao Dongzhi , Feng Zhonghui , Zhao Jianfu , Xu Dandan , Li Tengteng
Published: October 2023

Research on the energy consumption and emission of heavy-duty hybrid electric
buses was carried out based on the chassis dynamometer. The effects of different
working conditions on the driving range, electric power, energy consumption and
emissions were analyzed. The testing process included three phases, the pure
electric driving range phase, energy adjustment phase and electrical energy
balance phase. The testing cycle includes CHTC-B (China Heavy-duty commercial
vehicle Test Cycle for Bus) and CCBC (Chinese typical City Bus Cycle). The
energy consumption and emissions were measured simultaneously during the test.
The results show that the driving range of CHTC-B method is less than that of
constant velocity method and the power consumption of CHTC-B method is higher
than that of constant velocity method. The energy consumption of CHTC-B is 20%
higher than that of CCBC. Comparing the emissions after the engine is warmed up,
it can be concluded that the CCBC pollutant has a higher probability of
exceeding the China 6 limit than CHTC-B condition.
Competency Test Scheme Development to Meet Competency Achievements of Graduates In Industry
Authors: Prasetiawan Andi , Nugraha Muhammad Rizky Aditya , Widiatmaja Arya
Published: October 2023

A competency test scheme at LSP PIP Semarang needs to be developed to increase the competitiveness of graduates and job opportunities. This study aims to formulate a competency test scheme that has the potential to be developed at LSP PIP Semarang in accordance with the needs of industry, the business world, and the world of work (IDUKA) and to determine the impact of competency certificate ownership on labor absorption. Data analysis was carried out descriptively using satisfaction index, GPA, and potential competency schemes to be developed at LSP PIP Semarang. The research was conducted through an online survey involving cadets and graduated users as respondents. The results showed that LSP PIP Semarang had a good competency test service performance. It can be seen from the high achievement of satisfaction index, which is 3.74 – 3.84. Moreover, the GPA also shows the trust level of cadets in the management of competency test services, as indicated by the achievement of an index of 5.57 – 5.68. The investigation results demonstrate that the absorption rate of the PIP Semarang graduates with competency certificates is very high, ranging from 95 – 100%. Several types of competencies are of interest to cadets, which are needed in the job market but are not yet available at LSP PIP Semarang, so they have the potential to be developed, such as K3, PPJK, and logistics. This refers to cadets' interests and the job market's current needs.
Analyze the Implementation of Bridge Resource Management to Avoid Dangerous Situations on Vessel
Authors: Ikram Adli Dzil , Hasugian Sereati , Soeharto Soeharto
Published: October 2023

Possible factors leading to sea transportation accidents in Indonesia are divided into three, namely nature, technical, and human error. Human factor is the biggest contributor to the number of accidents at sea. One can be caused by the lack of implementation of bridge resource management on board, especially on the platform. This study aimed to identify the application of bridge resource management on board ships and provide recommendations for solving the problem of inhibiting factors of its application. The research was carried out during a 12-month shipboard training at one of the tanker ships based in Indonesia. This study used a qualitative descriptive method. Data are obtained through observation and questionnaires with related parties as primary data, and documentation and literature review as secondary data. The results showed that the application of bridge resource management still has many deviations that make its application not optimal. This is caused by factors from human resources, and other external factors such as lack of utilization of navigation equipment. Improving the quality of human resources in using navigation equipment will ensure that the Bridge Resource Management runs well on board.
Evaluating Multidisciplinary Approaches within an Integrated Framework for Human Health Risk Assessment
Authors: Fayshal Md. Atik , Ullah Md Rahamat , Fairooz Adnan H M , Rahman S M Atikur , Md Siddique Iqtiar
Published: October 2023

This study explores the multifaceted realm of human health risk assessment, emphasizing the pivotal role of integrated frameworks and multidisciplinary approaches. As environmental challenges and their associated health risks become increasingly complex, traditional, single-discipline methods are often inadequate. A holistic perspective that integrates knowledge and methodologies from various disciplines is essential for comprehensive human health risk assessment. It serves as the initial phase in multicomponent health promotion initiatives. The Human Health Risk Assessment (HHRA) encompasses five crucial components: hazard identification, risk assessment, risk control, documentation of findings, and control review. Ultimately, scientific risk assessment provides valuable insights to guide decisionmaking related to risk. Establishing comprehensive and robust principles is essential to underpin the risk management framework. These guiding principles provide an ethical foundation for evaluating various factors relevant to risk management decisions. Nevertheless, their practical application requires both flexibility and practical judgment. The study is based on a thorough review of existing global literature.
Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Anah and Euphrates Formations and Their Suitability for Portland Cement and Noora Industry at Al-Baghdadi and Haditha Areas, Western Iraq
Authors: Alrawi Sufyan , Kadhim Lafta , Al-Hadaithy Abdulhameed
Published: October 2023

The current study including geochemical and mineralogical aspects of 12 rock samples from Anah and Euphrates formations in two outcrops, The first outcrop is at Haditha city, with 12.5 meters thickness, and the second location is at Al-Baghdadi city, with 21 meters thickness. The mineralogical study by X-ray diffraction indicated that calcite is the main mineral in the rocks of Anah Formation, while calcite and dolomite exist in Euphrates Formation, where calcite is concentrated in the lower part of Euphrates Formation, while dolomite is common in the middle and upper parts of this formation, in addition to other minor minerals such as quartz and feldspar. Geochemical study was carried out by XRF to determine the major oxides(CaO, MgO, Fe2O3, Al2O3, SiO2, SO3, K2O, Na2O, MnO) and the suitability of Anah and Euphrates rocks as raw material for Portland cement and Al-Noura (lime) cement industries. According to the results it is found that Euphrates Formation in the Al-Baghdadi and Haditha outcrops is not suitable for the Portland cement, because of high percentage of MgO as a result of the high percentage of dolomitic limestone. The chemical analysis of the samples of the Anah Formation in Haditha outcrop are suitable for the Noura cement (lime) industry according to the Iraqi standard. The high content of magnesium in the Euphrates Formation at Al-Baghdadi area used as indicator that the rocks deposited in shallow marine and warm condition, and the environment was mostly isolated with warm condition. Low Sr content indicates shallow carbonate rocks. Thus, the sedimentary environment of the Anah Formation at Haditha outcrop was relatively shallower than that of the Euphrates Formation.
Using Tritium Isotope in Groundwater to Estimate the Reservoir Capacity at Erbil, Northern Iraq
Authors: Mamand Bruska , Mawlood Dana
Published: October 2023

Tritium is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen in water molecule can be applied in tracer studies to estimate water residence time. The tritium values of the groundwater in Erbil and the reservoir's capacity were the main subjects of this investigation. Three sub-basins, including, Kapran (720 km2), Central (1315 km2), and Bashtapa (625 km2) constructs Erbil City's groundwater basin. 27 groundwater samples from three sub-basins were taken for oxygen-18, tritium analysis and measurement of electrical conductivity. Tritium values divided the groundwater reservoirs into three possible groups: pre-bomb groundwaters that has ages older than 70 years due to lower tritium values, contaminated groundwater and mixture between young and old groundwaters. It is adequate to suppose that there were several substantial subsurface retention reservoirs in Dashty-Hawler basin. For instance, if two wells from the Kapan sub-basin were used as a point of reference, well No. 1 in Kalak region would have a tritium value of 1.7 ± 0.72 TU having groundwater that was approximately 16.2 years old. In contrast, the well No. 6 at Grd-Jutyar has a lower tritium value equal to 0.72 ± 0.68 TU indicating a greater residence time of 31.6 years. These two wells have differing reservoir sizes, and well No. 6 has a longer retention basin to store groundwater than well No. 1 According to these findings, younger groundwater and smaller retention basins were indicated by greater tritium levels, whereas older groundwater and larger retention basins were noted by lower tritium levels.
Gravity Interpretations to Investigate the Deep Geological and Structural Status of Middle Atlas Chain Region, Morocco
Authors: Ouahzizi Youssef , El Azzab Driss , Charroud Mohamed , Tazi Mohammed , Ali Abdelkhiar
Published: October 2023

The Moroccan Middle Atlas is an intracontinental chain characterized by a combination of tectonic, sedimentary, and magmatic events. These events influenced the Middle Atlas basement structure and its morphology. In order to improve our understanding of the subsurface and deep geological structures, a gravimetric investigation was carried out. A residual gravity map and its horizontal derivative were computed and interpreted. We present in this work the main findings: The residual gravity anomaly map shows fourteen positive anomalies which are well correlated with the undulated Paleozoic basement in the Middle Atlas or with the High Moulouya and the Merhraoua Anticlinorium in the Northeastern part of the Middle Atlas chain.It also exhibits sub-circular negative anomalies related to the thick subsurface Meso-Cenozoic cover of the Middle Atlas chain depocenters located in the center and southeastern parts of this chain. These anomalies are correlated with the Bou Anguer, Bekrit, Tazouta, Enjil, and Almis Mermoucha basins; the Bounacer mount; and the extension of Boumia granite in the High Moulouya. The horizontal gravity gradient map discloses that the study area is mainly affected by the NE-SW trends as major faults, while the N-S, NW-SE, and E-W are minor faults. They’re superposed with the Southern Middle Atlas Accident, the North Middle Atlas Accident the Tizi N’tretten Accident, and their branches. They are due to the alpine neotectonic reactivation phases of the Paleozoic and Jurassic heritaged faults. A synthetic structural map displaying the lateral extension of most Middle Atlas faults was postulated. Consideration is also being given to explore the buried faults or unmapped ones. Our final map represents an efficient and effective tool to help decision-makers during mining exploration.
Self- Potential Investigation for Near-Surface Depression Delineation in Seikanian Kirkuk, Iraq
Authors: Ali Dhahir
Published: October 2023

Seikanian is a new suburban in Kirkuk city rich in many environmental problems, it encloses different topographic features such as depressions and open holes which are obstacles for future civilian development. Geophysical surface self-potential method is applied to delineate the location and dimension of the depression. Three survey lines, gradient, total field and gradient-profiling are chosen and taken for recording the SP measurements in addition 18 grid points spread around the open hole. The acquired data is rendered into curves and contour maps. The interpreted gradient, total field and gradient-profiling surveyed SP line curves revealed a clear anomaly which indicate the location of the depression structure, the SP observed, residual and first order horizontal derivative contour maps delineate the boundaries of the depression. The depth of depression is between 1.8-3.3 m.
Lithostratigraphic and Paleoenvironmental Characterization of the Senonian Series of the Errachidia-Boudenib-Erfoud Basin, South-East Morocco
Authors: Chaaou Ismail , Kabiri Lahcen , Essafraoui Badre
Published: October 2023

Six lithostratigraphic sections distributed in different parts of the Errachidia-Boudenib-Erfoud basin (SE Morocco) were surveyed bed by bed and sampled in order to study stratigraphy, analyzed the facies, and characterized the depositional environment of the Senonian series. This study shows that this series is mainly constituted of three lithostratigraphic units: the first one is mixed, attesting to an alluvial plain environment disturbed by marine incursions at the base. The second is dominated by "kerkoub" sandstone bars intercalated by silt-clay intervals, reflecting a floodplain environment. The third is dominated by gypsum versicolored facies, marking an evaporitic playa environment. The correlation of the studied sections shows that the Senonian sedimentary prism opens progressively to the East. The series ends with Tertiary deposition: western marine carbonates and eastern continental conglomerates. The non-deposition of these faces in the center of the basin could be the result of the presence of a paleorelief at the Tinejdad-Goulmima transition.
Microfacies Analysis of the Reefal Limestone, Marah Formation, East Borneo, Indonesia
Authors: Rahmawati Diana , Balfas Muhammad , Rindawati Puspa , Sasmito Koeshadi , Rahman Hilman , Rojabi Ahmad
Published: October 2023

Miau Baru, Kongbeng in East Borneo is a relatively narrow area with complex geological features. The abundance of larger benthic foraminifera shows diversity in the carbonate succession of the Marah Formation but previously has less attention from microfacies perspective. To achieve the objective in this microfacies analysis of the reefal limestone of Priabonian-Aquitanian. Marah Formation, limestone samples were collected and sectioned. A total of 35 samples were selected, 25 from the Goa Indah section and 10 from the Kongbeng section. The assemblage of larger benthic foraminifera was recorded to help determine the depositional age, and biota of the formation and to interpret the facies zone. Field observation, microfacies type, as well as the fossil content of larger benthic foraminifera and colonial scleractinian corals indicated that the deposition of the Marah Formation in the Miau Baru area probably ranged from open circulation shallow forereef to backreef shelf.
Utilization of Learning Management Systems (LMS) Salam Al Azhar as the Learning Process in Al Azhar 35 Islamic International Primary School
Authors: Dendy Nissa Auwliya Luth , Wang Lu
Published: October 2023

This paper explores the use of Learning Management Systems (LMS) in a primary school setting, focusing on Al Azhar 35 Islamic Primary School. LMS offers numerous advantages over traditional learning systems, and its application in primary schools is relatively rare in Indonesia. The study employs the Process Mining Project Methodology (PM2) to analyze LMS data, assess its readiness, and examine its suitability for process mining. The study identifies structured data with relevant Case ID, Activity, and Timestamp fields, indicating the data's suitability for process mining. The frequently observed LMS activities include Dashboard, Course Overview, and My Course. These activities are analyzed to assess the LMS's practicality, efficiency, and advantages. The findings reveal that LMS is beneficial for both teachers and students. The study concludes that PM2 methodology is a suitable approach for process mining in education, and the data from Al Azhar 35's LMS is ready for analysis. Future research opportunities include analyzing the learning processes in more diverse case studies, improving data quality, and exploring learning patterns in various classes, semesters, and courses.