bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Different Covalent Immobilizations Modulate Lipase Activities of Hypocrea pseudokoningii
Authors: Pereira Marita , Velasco-Lozano Susana , Moreno-Perez Sonia , Polizeli Aline , Heinen Paulo , Facchini Fernanda , Vici Ana , Cereia Mariana , Pessela Benevides , Fernandez-Lorente Gloria , Guisan Jose , Jorge João , Polizeli Maria
Published: September 2017

Enzyme immobilization can promote several advantages for their industrial application. In this work, a lipase from Hypocrea pseudokoningii was efficiently linked to four chemical supports: agarose activated with cyanogen bromide (CNBr), glyoxyl-agarose (GX), MANAE-agarose activated with glutaraldehyde (GA) and GA-crosslinked with glutaraldehyde. Results showed a more stable lipase with both the GA-crosslinked and GA derivatives, compared to the control (CNBr), at 50 °C, 60 °C and 70 °C. Moreover, all derivatives were stabilized when incubated with organic solvents at 50%, such as ethanol, methanol, n-propanol and cyclohexane. Furthermore, lipase was highly activated (4-fold) in the presence of cyclohexane. GA-crosslinked and GA derivatives were more stable than the CNBr one in the presence of organic solvents. All derivatives were able to hydrolyze sardine, açaí (Euterpe oleracea), cotton seed and grape seed oils. However, during the hydrolysis of sardine oil, GX derivative showed to be 2.3-fold more selectivity (eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)/docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ratio) than the control. Additionally, the types of immobilization interfered with the lipase enantiomeric preference. Unlike the control, the other three derivatives preferably hydrolyzed the R-isomer of 2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutanoic acid ethyl ester and the S-isomer of 1-phenylethanol acetate racemic mixtures. On the other hand, GX and CNBr derivatives preferably hydrolyzed the S-isomer of butyryl-2-phenylacetic acid racemic mixture while the GA and GA-crosslink derivatives preferably hydrolyzed the R-isomer. However, all derivatives, including the control, preferably hydrolyzed the methyl mandelate S-isomer. Moreover, the derivatives could be used for eight consecutive cycles retaining more than 50% of their residual activity. This work shows the importance of immobilization as a tool to increase the lipase stability to temperature and organic solvents, thus enabling the possibility of their application at large scale processes.
Dramatic Influence of Ionic Liquid and Ultrasound Irradiation on the Electrophilic Sulfinylation of Aromatic Compounds by Sulfinic Esters
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc-Lan , Vo Hong-Thom , Duus Fritz , Luu Thi
Published: September 2017

The sulfinylation reaction of aromatic and hetero-aromatic compounds with sulfinic esters as electrophiles has been investigated in different ionic liquids and by means of different Lewis acid salts in order to get moderate to good yields of asymmetrical sulfoxides. Mixtures of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and aluminum chloride were found to be the most efficient and recyclable reaction framework. Ultrasound sonication appeared to be the most useful and green activation method to afford the sulfoxides in yields better than or equivalent to those obtained under the longer-lasting conventional stirring conditions.
Persimmon Fruit Powder May Substitute Indolbi, a Synthetic Growth Regulator, in Soybean Sprout Cultivation
Authors: Kim Il-Doo , Dhungana Sanjeev , Park Yong-Sung , Kim Dong , Shin Dong-Hyun
Published: September 2017

Soybean sprouts are a major food item in Korea. Various studies have been carried out to enhance their yield and nutritional values. The objective of the present study was to examine the influence of persimmon fruit powder and Indolbi, a synthetic plant growth regulator, on the yield and nutritional value of soybean sprouts. Seeds were soaked in tap water containing 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.5% and 5.0% (w/v) persimmon fruit powder and the samples were named as PT-1, PT-2, PT-3, and PT-4, respectively. The yield increment was almost doubled in PT-3 and PT-4 than in the Indolbi treated sprouts on basis of the control. Vitamin C, isoflavones, and total phenolic contents as well as antioxidant potentials (determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and superoxide anion radical scavenging assays) were also significantly (p < 0.05) higher in PT-3 compared to the Indolbi treatment and the control. However, total free amino acid and magnesium contents of Indolbi- applied sprouts were higher than in the fruit powder treatments. The overall results of the present study showed that persimmon fruit powder can be an option to enhance the yield and nutritional value of soybean sprouts since, due to potential health hazards, the use of synthetic chemicals like Indolbi is less preferred than the natural products.
Why is Aged Acetylcholinesterase So Difficult to Reactivate?
Authors: Quinn Daniel , Topczewski Joseph , Yasapala Nilanthi , Lodge Alexander
Published: September 2017

Organophosphorus agents are potent inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase. Inhibition involves successive chemical events. The first is phosphylation of the active site serine to produce a neutral adduct, which is a close structural analog of the acylation transition state. This adduct is unreactive toward spontaneous hydrolysis, but in many cases can be reactivated by nucleophilic medicinal agents, such as oximes. However, the initial phosphylation reaction may be followed by a dealkylation reaction of the incipient adduct. This reaction is called aging and produces an anionic phosphyl adduct with acetylcholinesterase that is refractory to reactivation. This review considers why the anionic aged adduct is unreactive toward nucleophiles. An alternate approach is to realkylate the aged adduct, which would render the adduct reactivatable with oxime nucleophiles. However, this approach confronts a considerable—and perhaps intractable—challenge: the aged adduct is a close analog of the deacylation transition state. Consequently, the evolutionary mechanisms that have led to transition state stabilization in acetylcholinesterase catalysis are discussed herein, as are the challenges that they present to reactivation of aged acetylcholinesterase.
Synergic Anti-Pruritus Mechanisms of Action for the Radix Sophorae Flavescentis and Fructus Cnidii Herbal Pair
Authors: Zhong Jiali , Liu Zhihong , Zhou Xinxin , Xu Jun
Published: September 2017

Radix Sophorae Flavescentis (RSF) and Fructus Cnidii (FC) compose a typical herbal synergic pair in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for pruritus symptom treatments. The mechanisms of action for the synergy are not understood. This paper aims at predicting the anti-pruritus targets and the main active ingredients for the RSF and FC herbal pair. We demonstrate that the RSF–FC herbal pair can be elucidated by mining the chemical structures of compounds derived from RSF and FC. Based on chemical structure data, the putative targets for RSF and FC were predicted. Additional putative targets that interact with the anti-pruritus targets were derived by mapping the putative targets onto a PPI network. By examining the annotations of these proteins, we conclude that (1) RSF’s active compounds are mainly alkaloids and flavonoids. The representative putative targets of the alkaloids are inflammation-related proteins (MAPK14, PTGS2, PTGS2, and F2) and pruritus-related proteins (HRH1, TRPA1, HTR3A, and HTR6). The representative putative targets of the flavonoids are inflammation-related proteins (TNF, NF-κB, F2, PTGS2, and PTGS2) and pruritus-related proteins (NR3C1 and IL2). (2) FC’s active compounds are mainly coumarins. Their representative putative targets are CNS-related proteins (AChE and OPRK1) and inflammation-related proteins (PDE4D, TLR9, and NF-κB). (3) Both RSF and FC display anti-inflammatory effects, though they exhibit their anti-pruritus effects in different ways. Their synergy shows that RSF regulates inflammation-related pruritus and FC regulates CNS-related pruritus.
Phenolics Isolated from Aframomum meleguta Enhance Proliferation and Ossification Markers in Bone Cells
Authors: Abdel-Naim Ashraf , Alghamdi Abdullah , Algandaby Mardi , Al-Abbasi Fahad , Al-Abd Ahmed , Abdallah Hossam , El-Halawany Ali , Hattori Masao
Published: September 2017

Osteoporosis is a serious health problem characterized by decreased bone mineral density and deterioration of bone microarchitecture. Current antiosteoporotic agents exhibit a wide range of adverse effects; meanwhile, phytochemicals are effective and safer alternatives. In the current work, nine compounds belonging to hydroxyphenylalkane and diarylheptanoid groups were isolated from Aframomum meleguea seeds and identified as 6-gingerol (1), 6-paradol (2), 8-dehydrogingerdione (3), 8-gingerol (4), dihydro-6-paradol (5), dihydrogingerenone A (6), dihydrogingerenone C (7), 1,7-bis(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)heptane-3,5-diyl diacetate (8), and 1-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-7-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)heptane-3,5-diyl diacetate (9). The structures of isolated compounds were established by NMR and mass spectral data, in addition to referring to literature data. Exposure of MCF-7, MG-63, and SAOS-2 cells to subcytotoxic concentrations of the compounds under investigation resulted in accelerated proliferation. Among them, paradol was selected for further detailed biochemical analysis in SAOS-2 cells. DNA flowcytometric analysis of cell cycle distribution revealed that paradol did not induce any significant change in the proliferation index of SAOS-2 cells. Assessment of osteogenic gene expression revealed that paradol enhanced the expression of osteocyte and osteoblast-related genes and inhibited osteoclast and RUNX suppressor genes. Biochemically, paradol enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity and vitamin D content and decreased the osteoporotic marker acid phosphatase. In conclusion, paradol, which is a major constituents of A. melegueta seeds, exhibited potent proliferative and ossification characteristics in bone cells.
A New Monoterpene from the Leaves of a Radiation Mutant Cultivar of Perilla frutescens var. crispa with Inhibitory Activity on LPS-Induced NO Production
Authors: Nam Bomi , So Yangkang , Kim Hyo-Young , Kim Jin-Baek , Jin Chang , Han Ah-Reum
Published: September 2017

The leaves of Perilla frutescens var. crispa (Lamiaceae)—known as ‘Jureum-soyeop’ or ‘Cha-jo-ki’ in Korean, ‘ZI SU YE’ in Chinese, and ‘Shiso’ in Japan—has been used as a medicinal herb. Recent gamma irradiated mutation breeding on P. frutescens var. crispa in our research group resulted in the development of a new perilla cultivar, P. frutescens var. crispa (cv. Antisperill; PFCA), which has a higher content of isoegomaketone. The leaves of PFCA were extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction, and phytochemical investigation on this extract led to the isolation and identification of a new compound, 9-hydroxy-isoegomaketone [(2E)-1-(3-furanyl)-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-penten-1-one; 1]. Compound 1 exhibited inhibitory activity on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 cells with an IC50 value of 14.4 μM. The compounds in the SC-CO2 extracts of the radiation mutant cultivar and the original plant were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection.
Targeting PDE10A GAF Domain with Small Molecules: A Way for Allosteric Modulation with Anti-Inflammatory Effects
Authors: García Ana , Brea José , González-García Alejandro , Pérez Concepción , Cadavid María Isabel , Loza María Isabel , Martinez Ana , Gil Carmen
Published: September 2017

Phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzymes regulate the levels of cyclic nucleotides, cAMP, and/or cGMP, being attractive therapeutic targets. In order to modulate PDE activity in a selective way, we focused our efforts on the search of allosteric modulators. Based on the crystal structure of the PDE10A GAF-B domain, a virtual screening study allowed the discovery of new hits that were also tested experimentally, showing inhibitory activities in the micromolar range. Moreover, these new PDE10A inhibitors were able to decrease the nitrite production in LPS-stimulated cells, thus demonstrating their potential as anti-inflammatory agents.
Electrochemical Properties of an Na4Mn9O18-Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite Synthesized via Spray Drying for an Aqueous Sodium-Ion Battery
Authors: Yin Fuxing , Liu Zhengjun , Zhao Yan , Feng Yuting , Zhang Yongguang
Published: September 2017

An aqueous sodium ion battery (ASIB) with metal Zn as anode and Na4Mn9O18-reduced graphene oxide (Na4Mn9O18-RGO) as cathode has been developed. In this work, spherical Na4Mn9O18-RGO composite particles were prepared via spray drying. The aqueous battery exhibits stable cyclability and high specific capacities. Typically, a high initial discharge capacity of 61.7 mAh·g−1 is attained at a high current rate of 4 C, and a stabilizing reversible capacity of 58.9 mAh·g−1 was obtained after 150 cycles. The network interlaced by RGO sheets provided fast electron conduction paths and structural stability to accommodate the mechanical stresses induced by sodium insertion and extraction, so the Na4Mn9O18-RGO electrode displayed superior electrochemical performance in the ASIB.
An Optimum Specimen Geometry for Equibiaxial Experimental Tests of Reinforced Magnetorheological Elastomers with Iron Micro- and Nanoparticles
Authors: Palacios-Pineda Luis , Perales-Martínez Imperio , Moreno-Guerra Mario , Elías-Zúñiga Alex
Published: September 2017

The aim of this paper focused on obtaining the optimum cruciform geometry of reinforced magnetorheological elastomers (MRE) to perform homogeneous equibiaxial deformation tests, by using optimization algorithms and Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations. To validate the proposed specimen geometry, a digital image correlation (DIC) system was used to compare experimental result measurements with respect to those of FEM simulations. Moreover, and based on the optimum cruciform geometry, specimens produced from MRE reinforced with carbonyl-iron microparticles or iron nanoparticles were subjected to equibiaxial loading and unloading cycles to examine their Mullin’s effect and their residual strain deformations.
Effects of Whey, Soy or Leucine Supplementation with 12 Weeks of Resistance Training on Strength, Body Composition, and Skeletal Muscle and Adipose Tissue Histological Attributes in College-Aged Males
Authors: Mobley C. , Haun Cody , Roberson Paul , Mumford Petey , Romero Matthew , Kephart Wesley , Anderson Richard , Vann Christopher , Osburn Shelby , Pledge Coree , Martin Jeffrey , Young Kaelin , Goodlett Michael , Pascoe David , Lockwood Christopher , Roberts Michael
Published: September 2017

We sought to determine the effects of L-leucine (LEU) or different protein supplements standardized to LEU (~3.0 g/serving) on changes in body composition, strength, and histological attributes in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Seventy-five untrained, college-aged males (mean ± standard error of the mean (SE); age = 21 ± 1 years, body mass = 79.2 ± 0.3 kg) were randomly assigned to an isocaloric, lipid-, and organoleptically-matched maltodextrin placebo (PLA, n = 15), LEU (n = 14), whey protein concentrate (WPC, n = 17), whey protein hydrolysate (WPH, n = 14), or soy protein concentrate (SPC, n = 15) group. Participants performed whole-body resistance training three days per week for 12 weeks while consuming supplements twice daily. Skeletal muscle and subcutaneous (SQ) fat biopsies were obtained at baseline (T1) and ~72 h following the last day of training (T39). Tissue samples were analyzed for changes in type I and II fiber cross sectional area (CSA), non-fiber specific satellite cell count, and SQ adipocyte CSA. On average, all supplement groups including PLA exhibited similar training volumes and experienced statistically similar increases in total body skeletal muscle mass determined by dual X-ray absorptiometry (+2.2 kg; time p = 0.024) and type I and II fiber CSA increases (+394 μm2 and +927 μm2; time p < 0.001 and 0.024, respectively). Notably, all groups reported increasing Calorie intakes ~600–800 kcal/day from T1 to T39 (time p < 0.001), and all groups consumed at least 1.1 g/kg/day of protein at T1 and 1.3 g/kg/day at T39. There was a training, but no supplementation, effect regarding the reduction in SQ adipocyte CSA (−210 μm2; time p = 0.001). Interestingly, satellite cell counts within the WPC (p < 0.05) and WPH (p < 0.05) groups were greater at T39 relative to T1. In summary, LEU or protein supplementation (standardized to LEU content) does not provide added benefit in increasing whole-body skeletal muscle mass or strength above PLA following 3 months of training in previously untrained college-aged males that increase Calorie intakes with resistance training and consume above the recommended daily intake of protein throughout training. However, whey protein supplementation increases skeletal muscle satellite cell number in this population, and this phenomena may promote more favorable training adaptations over more prolonged periods.
Investigation on Eigenfrequency of a Cylindrical Shell Resonator under Resonator-Top Trimming Methods
Authors: Zeng Kai , Hu Youwang , Deng Guiling , Sun Xiaoyan , Su Wenyi , Lu Yunpeng , Duan Ji’an
Published: September 2017

The eigenfrequency of a resonator plays a significant role in the operation of a cylindrical shell vibrating gyroscope, and trimming is aimed at eliminating the frequency split that is the difference of eigenfrequency between two work modes. In this paper, the effects on eigenfrequency under resonator-top trimming methods that trim the top of the resonator wall are investigated by simulation and experiments. Simulation results show that the eigenfrequency of the trimmed mode increases in the holes-trimming method, whereas it decreases in the grooves-trimming method. At the same time, the untrimmed modes decrease in both holes-trimming and grooves-trimming methods. Moreover, grooves-trimming is more efficient than holes-trimming, which indicates that grooves-trimming can be a primary trimming method, and holes-trimming can be a precision trimming method. The rigidity condition after grooves-trimming is also studied to explain the variation of eigenfrequency. A femtosecond laser is employed in the resonator trimming experiment by the precise ablation of the material. Experimental results are in agreement with the simulation results.
A Hot-Polymer Fiber Fabry–Perot Interferometer Anemometer for Sensing Airflow
Authors: Lee Cheng-Ling , Liu Kai-Wen , Luo Shi-Hong , Wu Meng-Shan , Ma Chao-Tsung
Published: September 2017

This work proposes the first hot-polymer fiber Fabry–Perot interferometer (HPFFPI) anemometer for sensing airflow. The proposed HPFFPI is based on a single-mode fiber (SMF) endface that is attached to a UV-cured polymer to form an ultracompact fiber Fabry–Perot microcavity. The proposed polymer microcavity was heated using a low-cost chip resistor with a controllable dc driving power to achieve a desired polymer’s steady-state temperature (T) that exceeds the T of the surrounding environment. The polymer is highly sensitive to variations of T with high repeatability. When the hot polymer was cooled by the measured flowing air, the wavelength fringes of its optical spectra shifted. The HPFFPI anemometers have been experimentally evaluated for different cavity lengths and heating power values. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed HPFFPI responses well in terms of airflow measurement. A high sensitivity of 1.139 nm/(m/s) and a good resolution of 0.0088 m/s over the 0~2.54 m/s range of airflow were achieved with a cavity length of 10 μm and a heating power of 0.402 W.
Characterizations of Anti-Alpha-Fetoprotein-Conjugated Magnetic Nanoparticles Associated with Alpha-Fetoprotein for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Liao Shu-Hsien , Huang Han-Sheng , Chieh Jen-Jie , Su Yu-Kai , Tong Yuan-Fu , Huang Kai-Wen
Published: September 2017

In this work, we report characterizations of biofunctionalized magnetic nanoparticles (BMNPs) associated with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) for biomedical applications. The example BMNP in this study is anti-alpha-fetoprotein (anti-AFP) conjugated onto dextran-coated Fe3O4 labeled as Fe3O4-anti-AFP, and the target is AFP. We characterize magnetic properties, such as increments of magnetization ΔMH and effective relaxation time Δτeff in the reaction process. It is found that both ΔMH and Δτeff are enhanced when the concentration of AFP, ФAFP, increases. The enhancements are due to magnetic interactions among BMNPs in magnetic clusters, which contribute extra MH after the association with MH and in turn enhance τeff. The screening of patients carrying hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is verified via ΔMH/MH. The proposed method can be applied to detect a wide variety of analytes. The scaling characteristics of ΔMH/MH show the potential to develop a vibrating sample magnetometer system with low field strength for clinic applications.
What Makes Firms Innovative? The Role of Social Capital in Corporate Innovation
Authors: Ahn Se-Yeon , Kim So-Hyung
Published: September 2017

This paper offers a social capital explanation for the purported relationship between human capital investment and an organization’s innovation capability. We argue that social capital plays a mediating role in the relationship between the level of individual knowledge of employees and organizations’ innovation capabilities. The mediating mechanism is attributed to the role of social capital in knowledge exchange and combination that help enhance knowledge creation. Using survey data of 319 manufacturing firms in Korea, we conducted structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis to verify the mediating role of social capital in firms’ innovation performance. The results demonstrated that relational and cognitive dimensions of social capital are important mediators in realizing organizational innovation performance.
The Impact of Transformational Leadership on Employee Sustainable Performance: The Mediating Role of Organizational Citizenship Behavior
Authors: Jiang Weiping , Zhao Xianbo , Ni Jiongbin
Published: September 2017

Transformational leadership has drawn extensive attention in management research. In this field, the influence of transformational leadership on employee performance is an important branch. Recent research indicates that organizational citizenship behavior plays a mediating role between transformational leadership and employee performance. However, some of these findings contradict each other. Given the background where greater attention is being paid to transformational leadership in the construction industry, this research aims to find the degree of the influence of transformational leadership on employee sustainable performance, as well as the mediating role of organizational citizenship behavior. A total of 389 questionnaires were collected from contractors and analyzed via structural equation modeling. The findings reveal that employee sustainable performance is positively influenced by transformational leadership. In addition, more than half of that influence is mediated by their organizational citizenship behavior. These findings remind project managers of the need to pay close attention to transformational leadership, to cultivate organizational citizenship behavior, and thereby to eventually improve employee’s sustainable performance.
A Sparse Signal Reconstruction Method Based on Improved Double Chains Quantum Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Guo Qiang , Ruan Guoqing , Wan Jian
Published: September 2017

This paper proposes a novel method of sparse signal reconstruction, which combines the improved double chains quantum genetic algorithm (DCQGA) and the orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm (OMP). Firstly, aiming at the problems of the slow convergence speed and poor robustness of traditional DCQGA, we propose an improved double chains quantum genetic algorithm (IDCQGA). The main innovations contain three aspects: (1) a high density quantum encoding method is presented to reduce the searching space and increase the searching density of the algorithm; (2) the adaptive step size factor is introduced in the chromosome updating, which changes the step size with the gradient of the objective function at the search points; (3) the quantum π / 6 -gate is proposed in chromosome mutation to overcome the deficiency of the traditional NOT-gate mutation with poor performance to increase the diversity of the population. Secondly, for the problem of the OMP algorithm not being able to reconstruct precisely the effective sparse signal in noisy environments, a fidelity orthogonal matching pursuit (FOMP) algorithm is proposed. Finally, the IDCQGA-based OMP and FOMP algorithms are applied to the sparse signal decomposition, and the simulation results show that the proposed algorithms can improve the convergence speed and reconstruction precision compared with other methods in the experiments.
Qinling: A Parametric Model in Speculative Multithreading
Authors: Li Yuxiang , Zhao Yinliang , Liu Bin
Published: September 2017

Speculative multithreading (SpMT) is a thread-level automatic parallelization technique that can accelerate sequential programs, especially for irregular applications that are hard to be parallelized by conventional approaches. Thread partition plays a critical role in SpMT. Conventional machine learning-based thread partition approaches applied machine learning to offline guide partition, but could not explicitly explore the law between partition and performance. In this paper, we build a parametric model (Qinling) with a multiple regression method to discover the inherent law between thread partition and performance. The paper firstly extracts unpredictable parameters that determine the performance of thread partition in SpMT; secondly, we build a parametric model Qinling with extracted parameters and speedups, and train Qinling offline, as well as apply it to predict the theoretical speedups of unseen applications. Finally, validation is done. Prophet, which consists of an automatic parallelization compiler and a multi-core simulator, is used to obtain real speedups of the input programs. Olden and SPEC2000 benchmarks are used to train and validate the parametric model. Experiments show that Qinling delivers a good performance to predict speedups of unseen programs, and provides feedback guidance for Prophet to obtain the optimal partition parameters.
Using Next Generation Sequencing to Identify and Quantify the Genetic Composition of Resistance-Breaking Commercial Isolates of Cydia pomonella Granulovirus
Authors: Alletti Gianpiero , Sauer Annette , Weihrauch Birgit , Fritsch Eva , Undorf-Spahn Karin , Wennmann Jörg , Jehle Johannes
Published: September 2017

The use of Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) isolates as biological control agents of codling moth (CM) larvae is important in organic and integrated pome fruit production worldwide. The commercially available isolates CpGV-0006, CpGV-R5, and CpGV-V15 have been selected for the control of CpGV resistant CM populations in Europe. In infection experiments, CpGV-0006 and CpGV-R5 were able to break type I resistance and to a lower extent also type III resistance, whereas CpGV-V15 overcame type I and the rarely occurring type II and type III resistance. The genetic background of the three isolates was investigated with next generation sequencing (NGS) tools by comparing their nucleotide compositions to whole genome alignments of five CpGV isolates representing the known genetic diversity of the CpGV genome groups A to E. Based on the distribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Illumina sequencing reads, we found that the two isolates CpGV-0006 and CpGV-R5 have highly similar genome group compositions, consisting of about two thirds of the CpGV genome group E and one third of genome group A. In contrast, CpGV-V15 is composed of equal parts of CpGV genome group B and E. According to the identified genetic composition of these isolates, their efficacy towards different resistance types can be explained and predictions on the success of resistance management strategies in resistant CM populations can be made.
A Review of the Safety and Efficacy of Vaccines as Prophylaxis for Clostridium difficile Infections
Authors: Henderson Mackenzie , Bragg Amanda , Fahim Germin , Shah Monica , Hermes-DeSantis Evelyn
Published: September 2017

This review aims to evaluate the literature on the safety and efficacy of novel toxoid vaccines for the prophylaxis of Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) in healthy adults. Literature searches for clinical trials were performed through MEDLINE, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Web of Science using the keywords bacterial vaccines, Clostridium difficile, and vaccine. English-language clinical trials evaluating the efficacy and/or safety of Clostridium difficile toxoid vaccines that were completed and had results posted on ClinicalTrials.gov or in a published journal article were included. Six clinical trials were included. The vaccines were associated with mild self-reported adverse reactions, most commonly injection site reactions and flu-like symptoms, and minimal serious adverse events. Five clinical trials found marked increases in antibody production in vaccinated participants following each dose of the vaccine. Clinical trials evaluating C. difficile toxoid vaccines have shown them to be well tolerated and relatively safe. Surrogate markers of efficacy (seroconversion and geometric mean antibody levels) have shown significant immune responses to a vaccination series in healthy adults, indicating that they have the potential to be used as prophylaxis for CDI. However, more research is needed to determine the clinical benefits of the vaccines.
Sustainable Residential Development in Rural Areas in Relation
to Nature Conservation
Authors: Zysk Elžbieta , Zróbek-Sokolnik Anna , Dynowski Piotr , Zróbek-Rózanska Alina
Published: September 2017

In the last decades residential development in rural areas has aroused great interest. It is particularly the
suburban communes that have been adopting a spatial policy conducive to this trend. The communes with protected
areas must adjust their spatial tactics to Applausie legal requirements. This article aims at indicating how residential
development can be harmoniously reconciled with the protection of nature values in legal terms, but also in spatial and
social ones. These deliberations will be put in the context of sustainable development, which is desirable for any space,
including rural areas.
The Rural Areas: Sustainable Development of Residential Buildings in Relation to Protected Areas
Authors: Zróbek-Sokolnik Anna , Zysk Elžbieta , Dynowski Piotr , Zróbek-Rózanska Alina
Published: September 2017

This paper aims to considering whether protected areas (in particular Natura 2000 areas) are barrier the development of housing opportunities in rural areas. Research in this area, based on the available Polish-language and English- language scientific papers, was conducted in the following aspects: legal, spatial and social. The case studies have shown situations in which the areas have been an incentive for a potential investor to settle in the area, and on the other hand, will identify aspects where legal restrictions may constitute a barrier to settle in the area. The above considerations were indicated for sustainable development, which should be the desired state for any space, including rural areas. Presented results and other literature data indicate therefore a positive impact of Natura 2000 areas on sustainable residential development in rural areas, including the development of the residential function.
Tools for the Storage and Analysis of Spatial Big Data
Authors: Lisowski Przemysław , Piórkowski Adam , Leśniak Andrzej
Published: September 2017

Storing large amounts of spatial data in GIS systems is problematic. This problem is growing due to ever- increasing data production from a variety of data sources. The phenomenon of collecting huge amounts of data is called Big Data. Existing solutions are capable of processing and storing large volumes of spatial data. These solutions also show new approaches to data processing. Conventional techniques work with ordinary data but are not suitable for large datasets. Their efficient action is possible only when connected to distributed file systems and algorithms able to reduce tasks. This review focuses on the characteristics of large spatial data and discusses opportunities offered by spatial big data systems. The work also draws attention to the problems of indexing and access to data, and proposed solutions in this area.
An Analysis of the Influence of Controlling Shareholder Identity over Earnings Informativeness on Brazilian Capital Market
Authors: Prazeres Rodrigo Vicente , Soeiro Tiago de Moura , Araújo João Gabriel Nascimento de , Freitas Maurício Assuero de Lima
Published: September 2017

Este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a influência da identidade dos acionistas sobre a informatividade dos lucros contribuindo empiricamente para uma melhor compreensão do conflito de agência entre acionistas controladores e investidores minoritários através da ótica do value relevance. A amostra da pesquisa considerou 104 ações de empresas não financeiras negociadas na BM&FBovespa de 2011 a 2016. A metodologia foi conduzida através da análise de dados de regressão em painel. Como resultado, este artigo conclui com as seguintes constatações: i) quanto maior o poder de controle / voto do acionista controlador (concentração de propriedade) e menor a liquidez das ações, menor é a informatividade dos lucros e maior é a probabilidade de entricheiramento e de expropriação de riqueza pelos acionistas controladores; ii) empresas maiores e com alto grau de endividamento têm lucros mais informativos; iii) os preços das ações refletem a identidade acionista controlador; iv) as empresas controladas por instituições financeiras, instituições não financeiras e pelo governo são muito mais propensas a expropriar riqueza investidores minoritários e têm lucros menos relevantes; v) as empresas familiares são precificadas de forma positiva pelo mercado.
Descrizione di una nuova Catoptria Hübner, 1825 dell’Italia centrale, con note sul suo gruppo-specie di appartenenza (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea, Crambidae, Crambinae)
Authors: Bassi Graziano
Published: September 2017

Viene descritta Catoptria apenninica n. sp. dell’Appennino Abruzzese (Italia centrale), appartenente al gruppo di permutatella. Si definisce la storia e la consistenza del gruppo e viene proposto di ristabilire lo status di bona species per le seguenti entità: Catoptria casalei Bassi, 1999 sp. rev., Catoptria gozmanyi Błeszyński, 1956 sp. rev., Catoptria olympica Ganev, 1983 sp. rev.
Are oral hypoglycemic agents suitable as the first-line treatment for newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes in patients with severe hyperglycemia?
Authors: Mansour Abbas , Alhamza Ali , Zaboon Ibrahim
Published: September 2017

Objectives: To investigate if starting oral antihyperglycemic agent was enough to achieve the target glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), despite severe hyperglycemia, with or without symptoms. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective patient data analysis for patients with newly diagnosed T2DM during January to December 2013. At baseline and after 3 months, HbA1c was measured. All patients started a diet and lifestyle changes in addition to oral hypoglycemic agents. Results: The enrolled patients were 764 in number. Of them, 331 (42.9%) achieved the target HbA1c <7% by oral hypoglycemic agents after 3 months, regardless of the treatment used. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that only presenting fasting plasma glucose <150 mg (odds ratio [OR] 2.193, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.297–3.709) and drug treatment (OR 1.320, 95% CI 1.100–1.585) were the independent variables associated with achieving the glycemic target. Conclusions: Using antihyperglycemic agents as the first line for new T2DM, 42.9% patients can achieve target glycemic control. Even those with gross glycemic abnormalities, more than 60%, can achieve target glycemic control using diet, lifestyle change, and metformin. Prospective trials are needed to confirm such findings.
О квантовых эффектах в поперечной диэлектрической проницаемости максвелловской плазмы
Authors: Bobrov Viktor Borisovich , Triger Sergei Aleksandrovich
Published: September 2017

Получено явное аналитическое выражение для поперечной диэлектрической проницаемости максвелловской плазмы, учитывающее квантовые эффекты, обусловленные как пространственной и частотной дисперсией, так и наличием собственного магнитного момента у частиц плазмы.
Преобразования Беклунда для системы Якоби на эллипсоиде
Authors: Tsiganov Andrey Vladimirovich
Published: September 2017

Рассматриваются аналоги авто- и гетеропреобразований Беклунда для системы Якоби на трехосном эллипсоиде. C использованием результатов работы Вейерштрасса, в которой с помощью замены времен интегрирование уравнений движения сводится к обращению отображения Абеля, построены дифференциальные уравнения Абеля и автопреобразование Беклунда, сохраняющее скобку Пуассона, относительно которой уравнения движения в форме Вейерштрасса являются гамильтоновыми. Приводя эту скобку к каноническому виду, можно построить новую интегрируемую систему на эллипсоиде с гамильтонианом натурального вида и интегралом движения четвертой степени по импульсам.
Обобщенные янгианы и их пуассонова структура
Authors: Gurevich Dmitrii Il'ich , Saponov Pavel Alekseevich
Published: September 2017

Под обобщенными янгианами подразумеваются близкие к янгианам алгебры двух различных классов. Один из этих классов содержит семейство так называемых брейдинговых янгианов, введенных ранее. В некоторых отношениях брейдинговый янгиан близок по свойствам к алгебре уравнения отражений. Обобщенные янгианы второго класса - янгианы $RTT$-типа - задаются теми же формулами, что и обычный янгиан, но с другими квантовыми $R$-матрицами. Если такая $R$-матрица является простейшей тригонометрической $R$-матрицей, то соответствующий янгиан $RTT$-типа называется $q$-янгианом. Утверждается, что всякий обобщенный янгиан есть деформация коммутативной алгебры $\mathrm{Sym}(gl(m)[t^{-1}])$, если определяющая его $R$-матрица представляет собой деформацию оператора перестановки. Приведен явный вид соответствующих скобок Пуассона.
Towards design optimization of high-pressure gasoline injectors using Genetic Algorithm coupled with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
Authors: Hellmann Robin , Jochmann Paul , Stapf Karl Georg , Schuenemann Erik , Daróczy László , Thévenin Dominique
Published: September 2017

The spray pattern of high-pressure multi-hole injectors as well as the atomization process are of uttermost impor-tance regarding efficiency and emissions in gasoline combustion engines. Ensuring optimal homogenization while meeting the engine individual specifications regarding spray targeting and massflow is a crucial development goal. High effort is put on the layout of the nozzle seat to meet the engine requirements. Success is only possible with a deep knowledge of the influencing quantities, considering that many design parameters affect the inner nozzle flow. Based on this knowledge improvement in spray penetration length and atomization can be achieved.In the current investigation a segment model of the injector is considered. A fully automated, highly parallelized workflow enables a systematic examination of the constrained design space with acceptable computational time. The CFD workflow is implemented in the OPtimization Algorithm Library++ (OPAL++) developed at the “Otto von Guericke” University of Magdeburg.First, inner nozzle flow 3D-CFD calculations of two selected nozzle geometries are validated by comparison with shadowgraphy and Long-Distance-Microscope (LDM) measurements. Using these simulations, correlations be- tween nozzle flow parameters and the key spray characteristics, serving as optimization objectives, are analyzed. Second, a Design-of-Experiment (DoE) is created to understand the interdependency between design variables and objectives. Based on the DoE, metamodels are constructed, validated, compared with each other and used for optimization. Afterwards, a direct 3D CFD-optimization is carried out for the nozzle geometry. It relies on a Genetic Algorithm in OPAL++ to identify the Pareto front of the multi-objective problem. Finally, the Pareto front is analyzedand conclusions are drawn for future research.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.4586
Influence of liquid properties on ultrasonic atomization
Authors: Lozano Antonio , García Juan Antonio , Alconchel Javier , Barreras Félix , Calvo Esteban , Santolaya José Luis
Published: September 2017

Ultrasonic atomization is very convenient because it can generate droplets with diameters of a few microns andwith very narrow size distribution. Besides, opposite to twin fluid nozzles, in ultrasonic atomization, dropletgeneration and transport are decoupled processes. Droplets are ejected from the liquid surface with very lowvelocities, so driving them is relatively simple. Although this atomization method is now common in some specificapplications, for example in household humidifiers, there are still some details about the physics of this processthat are not completely understood. Up to date, most of the published results have been limited to experimentswith water. However, it has been demonstrated that atomization rates quickly decrease as liquid viscosityincreases. This work analyzes the characteristics of ultrasonic atomization of some alternative fluids to determineif there is any influence of other physical properties such as surface tension or vapor pressure. Experiments areperformed using a commercial piezoceramic disk with a resonance frequency of 1.65 MHz. The disk is excitedwith a sinusoidal signal with voltage amplitudes that go up to 60 V. Sprays are visually characterized analyzinginstantaneous images and high speed video sequences. Besides atomization rates are calculated by measuringthe weight loss in a fixed time.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.4588
Kinetic and MD modelling of automotive fuel droplets heating and evaporation: recent results
Authors: SAZHIN SERGEI , SHISHKOVA IRINA
Published: September 2017

Recent results of the investigation of kinetic and molecular dynamics (MD) models for automotive fuel droplet heating and evaporation are summarised. The kinetic model is based on the consideration of the kinetic region in the close vicinity of the surface of the heated and evaporating droplets, where the motion of molecules is described in terms of the Boltzmann equations for vapour components and air, and the hydrodynamic region away from this surface. The effects of finite thermal conductivity and species diffusivity inside the droplets and inelastic collisions in the kinetic region are taken into account. A new self-consistent kinetic model for heating and evaporation of Diesel fuel droplets is briefly described. The values of temperature and vapour densities at the outer boundary of the kinetic region are inferred from the requirement that both heat flux and mass flux of vapour components in the kinetic and hydrodynamic regions in the vicinity of the interface between these regions are equal. At first, the heat and mass fluxes in the hydrodynamic region are calculated based on the values of temperature and vapour density at the surface of the droplet. Then the values of temperature and vapour density at the outer boundary of the kinetic region, obtained following this procedure, are used to calculate the corrected values of hydrodynamic heat and species mass fluxes. The latter in their turn lead to new corrected values of temperature and vapour density at the outer boundary of the kinetic region. It is shown that this process quickly converges and leads to self-consistent values for both heat and mass fluxes. Boundary conditions at the surface of the droplet for kinetic calculations are inferred from the MD calculations. These calculations are based on the observation that methyl (CH3 ) or methylene (CH2 ) groups in n-dodecane (approximation of Diesel fuel) molecules can be regarded as separate atom-like structures in a relatively simple United Atom Model. Some results of the application of quantum chemical methods to the estimation of the evaporation/condensation coefficient are discussed.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.4593
Numerical studies of turbulent particle-laden jets using spatial approach of one-dimensional turbulence
Authors: Fistler Marco , Lignell David O. , Kerstein Alan , Oevermann Michael
Published: September 2017

To challenge one of the major problems for multiphase flow simulations, namely computational costs, a dimension-reduced model is used with the goal to predict these types of flow more efficiently. One-dimensional turbulence (ODT) is a stochastic model simulating turbulent flow evolution along a notional one-dimensional line of sight by applying instantaneous maps that represent the effect of individual turbulent eddies on property fields. As the particle volume fraction is in an intermediate range above 10−5 for dilute flows and under 10−2 for dense ones, turbulence modulation is important and can be sufficiently resolved with a two-way coupling approach, which means the particle phase influences the fluid phase and vice versa. For the coupling mechanism the ODT multiphase model is extended to consider momentum transfer and energy in the deterministic evolution and momentum transfer during the particle-eddy interaction. The changes of the streamwise velocity profiles caused by different solid particle loadings are compared with experimental data as a function of radial position. Additionally, streamwise developments of axial RMS and mean gas velocities along the centerline are evaluated as functions of axial position. To achieve comparable results, the spatial approach of ODT in cylindrical coordinates is used here. The investigated jet configuration features a nozzle diameter of 14.22 cm and a Reynolds number of 8400, which leads to a centerline inlet velocity of 11.7 m/s. The particles used are glass beads with a density of 2500 kg/m3. Two different particle diameters (25 and 70 µm) were tested for an evaluation of the models capability to capture the impact of a varying Stokes number and also two different particle solid loadings (0.5 and 1.0) were evaluated. It is shown that the modelis capable of capturing turbulence modulation of particles in a round jet.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.4604
Viability of coaxial atomization for disintegration of cell solutions in cell spray applications
Authors: Bieber Malte , Menzel Sarah , Thiebes Anja Lena , Cornelissen Christian Gabriel , Jockenhoevel Stefan , Kneer Reinhold , Reddemann Manuel Armin
Published: September 2017

Treating Leukemia with intravenous stem cell transplantation represents a well-established therapy technique. For applications, that require high local cell concentrations, transplantation by conventional intravenous injection is less potent, due to cell distribution with blood circulation. Instead, spraying them directly onto the injured or diseased area shows promising results in various applications, e.g. superficial treatment of topographically challenging wounds, in situ seeding of cells on implants, deposition of cells in tubular organs for stem cell therapy. The present work aims for a basic knowledge about viability boundaries for coaxial cell-spray atomization and the reciprocal influence between cells in solution and primary breakup mechanics. A generic modular nozzle is developed, to ensures reproducible boundary conditions. Investigations are conducted regarding primary breakup and relations between resulting droplet size distribution and cell survival. Measurements are performed, utilizing microscopic high-speed visualization with suitable image post processing. Cell viability is analyzed using phase contrast microscopy prior and after atomization. A relation between Rayleigh-Taylor instability wavelength and droplet size distributions by means of Sauter mean diameter (SMD) and cell survival rate (CSR) is suggested. A power law is presented, exclusively dependent on dimensionless measures (λ⊥ ∼ Re-1/2 We −1/3) which is found to be proportional to SMD and CSR.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.4609