bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Effects of Sodium Benzoate on the Expression of T Cells-related Cytokines and Transcription Factors in Adjuvant-induced Arthritis Model
Authors: Bemani Peyman , Amirghofran Zahra , Kamali-Sarvestani Eskandar
Published: May 2020

Though the exact etiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is unknown, the contribution of immune cells in the disease process is completely acknowledged. T helper (Th) 1 and Th17-related cytokines are required for the disease development and progression, while Th2 and regulatory T cells (Tregs)-derived cytokines are protective. Studies have shown that sodium benzoate (NaB) can switch the balance of Th cell subsets toward Th2 and Tregs. The present study aimed to evaluate the possible effects of NaB on the expression of CD4+T cells-related cytokines and transcription factors in splenocytes derived from an animal model of RA, adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA).
AIA was induced in rats by injection of Freund's adjuvant containing mycobacterial antigens (Mtb). Splenocytes were isolated from AIA rats and restimulated ex vivo with Mtb in the presence or absence of NaB for 24 h. To determine the effects of NaB on the expression of T cells-related cytokine and transcription factor genes, real-time PCR was performed. NaB treatment of Mtb-stimulated splenocytes derived from arthritic rats resulted in significant increases in the gene expressions of Tregs-related cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β) and Foxp3 transcription factor, and significant decreases in the expression of Th1-related cytokines (TNF-α and IFN-γ) and the T-bet transcription factor. The ratios of Th1/Th2 (IFN-γ/IL-4), Th1/Treg (IFN-γ/TGF-β and IFN-γ/IL-10) and Th17/Treg (IL-17/IL-10 and IL-17/IL-10+TGF-β)-related cytokines were also significantly decreased. In conclusion, NaB can potentially be considered as a useful therapeutic agent for the treatment of RA and other Th1 and Th17-mediated diseases.
Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome: A Case Report and Experience with Corticosteroid Therapy
Authors: Norooznezhad Amir Hossein , Mohammadzadeh Vahid , Kadivar Sakineh , Ghassemi Fariba
Published: May 2020

Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) is an inflammatory eye disease of the outer retina, retinal pigmented epithelium, choroid presenting with photopsia, loss of vision, and temporal scotoma. The patient was a 31-year-old female with a history of vision loss since 11 days ago (left eye). At presentation, best-corrected Snellen visual acuity was 20/140 in the Snellen chart. We decided to treat her with short time corticosteroid therapy (0.75 mg/kg/day prednisolone which was tapered in 3 weeks) for any possible rapid recovery of vision. The visual acuity of the involved eye was improved to 20/25 and 20/20, one week and three weeks after starting treatment respectively. Thus, it seems that short-term oral steroids might be an alternative method of management for patients with MEWDS.
Temporal variation of ambient particulate matter in Chattogram City, Bangladesh
Authors: Majumder Ahmad Kamruzzaman , Nayeem Abdullah Al , Patoary Md Nasir Ahmmed , Carter William S.
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Chattogram is known as the Bangladesh’s commercial capital with its diversified industrial areas and seaport. This study aimed to assess the Particulate Matter (PM2.5 and PM10) in relation to meteorological characteris- tics in Chattogram city from 2013-2018.
Materials and methods: Monthly PM2.5 and PM10 data were collected from the Continuous Air Monitoring Station (CAMS) in Chattogram City (Agrabad Point) which is operated by the Department of Environment (DoE) of Ban- gladesh under the Clean Air and Sustainable Environment (CASE) project. Results: This Study found the higher concentration of both PM2.5 and PM10 occurred from December to February and it decreases from July-September and begins to increase from the month of October. The PM values seasonally varied being higher during the winter seasons and decreased in rainy seasons. The PM2.5 mass was detected 50% of that of PM10 which is mostly from bio- mass burn and vehicles activities. Meteorological parameters such as rainfall and humidity had strong inverse relation with both PM2.5 and PM10 over the years.
Conclusion: The Study found the average annual concentration of PM2.5 was 5-6 times higher and PM10 was 3 times higher than Bangladesh National Am- bient Air Quality Standard (BNAAQS) in Chattogram city over this six year period. It can be concluded that the air pollution in Dhaka city is deteriorating rapidly and it is high time to implement the clean air act urgently to reduce such destruction.
Statistical classification of synoptic weather patterns associated with Tehran air pollution
Authors: Khansalari Sakineh , Ghobadi Nastran , Aliakbari Bidokhti Abbasali , Fazel Rastgar Farahnaz
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Poor air quality in the heavily polluted cities like Tehran is often the main city problem that influences people health and comfort. The main goals of this study are summarized as: 1) Seasonal pollutants mean variations during 2005, meteorological conditions effects on pollutant concentration; 2) Meteorological conditions case study and pollution spatial distribution for three determining synoptic patterns (MET1, MET4, MET5);
3) Further analysis of the episode from 30th November to 13th December 2005 (MET4); 4) Episode analysis from 30th November to 13th December 2005 (MET4) and 5) Episode analysis from 12th-22th of September 2005 (MET5). These are systematic weather patterns that usually affect the air pollution levels in Tehran.
Materials and methods: Concentration changes of CO, PM10, SO2 and O3, as the relationship between the air pollution extreme events and atmospheric
conditions in Tehran have been investigated. The hourly air pollution data from 11 representative monitoring sites were used. To understand the relationship between local meteorological synoptic patterns and air pollution, the principal component analysis (PCA) method has been applied to meteorological data. Then for minimizing the data complication the varimax rotations (VR) was used and five synoptic perspectives weather patterns have resulted for highly polluted periods.
Results: Pollutants correlation investigation of the five patterns showed that air quality was highly dependent on middle tropospheric high geopotential ridge development, local southerly wind with strong static stability.
Conclusion: The most polluted periods were associated with a weak pressure gradient, a weak wind, severe air descent, and radiation inversion.
Introducing the causes, origins and effects of dust in Iran
Authors: Velayatzadeh Mohammad
Published: May 2020

This study provides an overview of the cause, source, origin and effects of dust storms. Desertification and climate change are the most important envi- ronmental challenges in arid regions of the world, and their effects, includ- ing air pollution, affect people all over the world. Although air pollution is   a harmful and pathogenic phenomenon for all people and at all ages, a wide range of people, including the elderly, pregnant women, children and the sick, are more vulnerable. Dust is one of the environmental problems that ulti- mately causes respiratory and skin diseases in humans. Iran is also one of the countries in the arid and semi-arid region, which is surrounded by dust storms. The internal source of dust storms includes southwest, east and cen- tral Iran. In general, there are two approaches to environmental change. The first approach is to ignore these changes and continue the current situation, which will only result in more environmental degradation. Another approach is to identify these changes from the past to the present and to develop an environmental management program to control these changes and to plan to improve the environmental situation.
Dynamics of Cognitive Functions in Patients With Parasellar Meningiomas Undergoing Radiotherapy
Authors: Alekseeva A , Enikolopova E , Krotkova O , Danilov G , Galkin M
Published: May 2020

This study was focused on neuropsychological analysis of the cognitive functions in patients with parasellar meningiomas undergoing radiation therapy. In these patients, the unilateral hippocampus adjacent to the tumor was partially exposed to irradiation. A novel approach was used to assess particular memory functionsincluding pattern separation, in subpopulations of subjects prior to the course of radiotherapy, immediately after the course, and 1–2 years after therapy. Our results show a tendency for pattern separation decline in the long-term follow-up. A possible association of these disorders with the effect of the hippocampal region irradiation and inhibition of adult neurogenesis is discussed.
Keywords: cognitive functions, radiation therapy, hippocampus, parasellar meningioma, pattern separation, adult neurogenesis
Existential Neuropsychology: A Science of Making Values
Authors: Asmolov A , Falikman M
Published: May 2020

In neurorehabilitation and restoration of motor functions, there are Vygotsky–Luria’s line and Leontiev–Zaporozhets’ line that are obviously connected, but their connection isn’t articulated enough. Their point of convergence dates back to mid 1940s, but since then the development of the two lines was largely parallel. And the missing link is Nikolay Bernshtein’s non-classical biology of purposeful activity. Both lines are intrinsically based on his predictive explanatory framework, with the central role of task set in movement construction, which, in turn, determines the hierarchy of levels where backward reafference (‘sensory corrections’) takes place. Current neurorehabilitation disregards the Bernsteinian idea of the central role of values and meanings in the recovery of movements, which opposes neurorehabilitation as training, or instruction, to neurorehabilitation as guidance, the latter relevant to Leontiev’s ‘personal meaning’ problem. Neurorehabilitation as guidance is generation of the personal meaning, or ‘making values’, allowing to overcome bounds perceived as insuperable, the idea that brings it together with existential psychology and existential psychotherapy.
Keywords: rehabilitation, task set, value, image of the desired future, physiology of activity, existential neuropsychology, personal meaning
The Motive of Service As a Determinant of the Psychological Stability of the Medical Worker: Statement of the Problem
Authors: Barykina A , Shutova N
Published: May 2020

The professional activity of emergency medical service workers is of critical significance, as it aims to preserve, support, and develop the health of individuals and society, in the face of considerable intellectual, emotional, and physical tension. One of the most important qualities that safeguards the mental health of emergencymedical service workers is the psychological stability of the individuals under working conditions. The objective of this study was to explore the psychological content of the motive of service as a determinant of the psychological stability of the emergency medical service worker. Our results show that the desire to help, to serve people, which we call ‘the motive of service’, relates to higher motives. The motive of service as a psychological category has not been explored, neither in domestic nor international psychological science. The motive of service as a manifestation of an individual’s altruistic orientation gives a moral vector to professional behavior and is a system-shaping element in the motivational component of the psychological stabilityof the medical worker.
Keywords: motive of service, psychological stability, medical worker
A. R. Luria and Scenario Management
Authors: Bekoeva D
Published: May 2020

On the basis of the analysis of A. R. Luria’s biography, the article discusses theissue of leadership thinking in science and life scenario management. The articleshows that the main parameter of the scenario thinking of successful people whenresolving unexpectedly occurring problems with a great measure of uncertainty is the vision of purpose and future perspectives. The main conclusion lies in the fact that in teaching university students, life-scenario development must be started with the purpose vision and technologies of mental imaging. Managing your leadership capital, possessing the ability to understand new things, applying them into the new life scenario in conditions changed are activated by purpose vision.
Keywords: leader, biography, teaching, life scenario, self-management, scenario management
Theoretical Views on Mechanisms of Formation of Speech Act
Authors: Belyakova L , Filatova Y
Published: May 2020

The methodology of the modern logopaedic science becomes the expansion of knowledge through the study of the ‘internal speech patterns’ mechanisms and coming up to theoretical views on the role of some core transformations of speech system within the ontogenesis. The increase of understanding of formation processof speech act becomes possible through the use of interdisciplinary approach and system analysis. The article outlines issues related to the possibility of studying the hypothesis proposed by the authors: speech functional system (SFS) results into the action in the form of psychosensorimotor (PSM) speech stereotype. The parameters of PSM speech stereotype in native language are being formed by the age of 6–7.The functional system of speech act is considered in details: speech motivation, situational, auditory, kinesthetic, visual, and emotional afferentations, genetic and ontogenetic speech memory, afferent synthesis, etc. Special attention is paid to the speech fluency as an indicator of the rhythmic mechanisms formation of thebrain. The definition of speech fluency and its development in ontogenesis is shown. Stepwise and nonlinear character of speech fluency development in ontogenesis is experimentally proved.
Keywords: speech functional system (SFS), speech act, psychosensorimotor (PSM) speech stereotype, rhythm, speech fluency, ontogenesis, system analysis
Psychological Correlates of Achievement Motivation on the Personal-meaning Level
Authors: Berdnikova D
Published: May 2020

This article is devoted to the study of psychological correlates of the achievement motivation on the personal-meaning level of the first-year psychology students. The author revealed a wide range of psychological correlates of achievement motivation: value orientations (universal values, power, self-development, etc.), the parameters of existential fulfillment (self-transcendence, freedom, etc.) and the general level of life meaningfulness, self-actualization parameters (creativity, self-acceptance, spontaneity, etc.). Based on the conducted correlation research, the author developed a training program aimed at actualization and growth in the motivation of the firstyear psychology students. The study involved experimental and control groups. Inthe course of the study, when comparing the data of preliminary and final testing, the dynamics of achievement motivation indicators in the experimental group was revealed in the direction of increasing the achievement motivation, while in the control group there were no significant differences in the level of achievementmotivation, which indicates the effectiveness of the training developed by author. At the same time, it is shown that the growth of the achievement motivation occurred due to the growth of its transcendent component, which is a good indicator, since psychology students with high motivation of transcendence are predominantlyoriented toward acquiring knowledge and mastering the profession. The data obtained in the study enriches author’s understanding of the psychological phenomenon, such as achievement motivation, and have applied significance: the training program developed by the author can be used to increase the achievement motivation of students and can also be tested on another contingent.
Keywords: achievement motivation, value orientations, existential fulfillment, self-actualization, psychology students
Technocratic and Humanistic Trends in Education: New Tunes
Authors: Bodnar A , Bodnar E , Makerova V
Published: May 2020

Introduction. The fundamental difference between humanism and technocracy is the attitude toward a human: For a humanist, s/he is the goal, for a technocrat (of any professional affiliation), s/he is a means. For education, this became especially evident when it was labelled as a service sector. The technocratic projects of schooland society in the twentieth century turned out to be unsustainable. Humanistic projects have always remained the examples of ‘abstract humanism’ in history. Humanistic concepts of education are based on the self-actualization of a person, technocratic ones (the second half of the twentieth century) are based on Skinner’sideas that are still popular among practical people. The reason for their survivability is the simplicity and accessibility as well as the success of information technology that contributed to a new wave of technocracy. Humanistic concepts are not so obvious but they have no alternative.
Materials and methods. Humanistically oriented teachers, theoretical modelling, surveys, the methods of Cattell, Rosenzweig, and Fidler, the descriptive statistics and discriminant analysis.
Results. The situation is ambivalent. Humanists never shied away from advanced technologies and rational justification of their actions, while technocrats still do not always mask the anti-human nature of their position. Nevertheless, the problems of falsification and imitation of education noted by researchers as well as the charm of modern technologies are significant, and this veil hides (for many) the anti-humanity of technocracy. Our approach allows us to remain a humanist under the circumstances.
Conclusion. Technology has always been and remains only a tool in the hands of people. The main thing is what kind of the world image exists in their minds, what they are ready to do to achieve their goals. Scientists offer a new humanistic project with the use of the twenty-first-century technologies. This work is a fragment of such a project. The authors would like to see the real action on turning education into a true priority area on the part of the country’s leadership.
Keywords: humanism, technocracy, modern education, information technology
Application of Cultural–Historical Analysis in Child Clinical Psychology
Authors: Burlakova N , Oleshkevich V
Published: May 2020

The article presents summarized results of qualitative studies exploring child development in norm and pathology; studies were conducted within the framework of cultural–historical approach developed by L.S. Vygotsky and A.R. Luria and aimed at further methodological elaboration of the approach. The article demonstrates that such research needs to be multidimensional and to include multilevel analysis; it stresses on the importance of analyzing developmental norms in the context of certain social groups, subcultures, etc. The article explores shaping of developmental risks in certain cultural settings and insists on the significance of understanding developmental deviations in the context of normative developmental matrix approved by this social group. The conducted study demonstrates how this method of assessment allows to evaluate structural peculiarities and inner psychodynamics of developmental deviations more precisely within the reconstructed developmental matrix. Such data structure describing child development in certain social group allows to organize correction of development in a systematic manner as well as to design optimal organization of development.
Keywords: cultural–historical analysis, psychological development, developmental norms, child clinical psychology
Psychosemantical Approach to Volition Research
Authors: Chalikova O , Kiseleva D
Published: May 2020

The research into the ratio of objective and subjective indicators of the volitional qualities of an individual conducted by the Department of General and Social Psychology of the UrFU discovered some limitations of the corresponding approaches to such multidimensional objects as volition. The research into individual semanticfields of the concept of ‘volition’ will make up for the existing methodological gap in that area. The research was conducted in 2017. The sample consisted of 77 students of the Department of Psychology. The semantic differential method in the modification by I.L. Solomin was used as a basis. The list of objects has been changed and expanded according to the tasks of the research. The second method of research is the associative experiment. The results were processed by using the methods of cluster analysis, factor analysis and content analysis. An analysis of individual cluster trees discovered a rather large variability of the semantic relationships between the objects under study. Several sub-groups of respondents were identified according to the individual characteristics of the semantic fields in relation to the object ‘volition’, the sub-group ‘success of activities’, the sub-group ‘personality qualities’, the subgroup ‘negative objects’ and the sub-group ‘object is not defined’. Most students consider volition either as an applied tool of educational or professional activities, or as a self-sufficient personal mechanism. With the help of factor analysis, the features of the affective attitude toward the object ‘volition’ in respect to the sample as a whole are revealed. The associative experiment made it possible to identify the key topic markers that characterize the volition of respondents of different semantic sub-groups. For the sub-group ‘success of activities’, it is ‘power’; it is ‘time’ for the sub-group ‘personality qualities’, in particular, ‘responsibility’; it is ‘firmness’ for the sub-group ‘negative objects’. The psychosemantics approach in studying volition allows us to identify topics that clarify the semantic nuances of the concept of ‘volition’ in the minds of the subjects. The method of the semantic differential and the method of associative experiment are mutually complementary with respect to research into the semantic sphere of a personality. The results obtained provide a necessary part of a comprehensive study of volition and the volitional qualities of aperson.
Keywords: volition, volitional qualities, responsibility, students, psychosemantic approach, semantic differential, semantic field, associative experiment, semantic structures of consciousness, representations, individuality, cluster trees, topic markers
Psychosemantic Research into the Phenomenon of Risk
Authors: Chalikova O
Published: May 2020

The psychological aspect of risk constitutes one of the most discussed issues of modern interdisciplinary research. The profession of the psychologist implies a range of situations of risk for a specialist at various stages of career development. This article presents the results of a psychosemantics research into perceptions of the phenomenon of risk as seen by the students of the Department of Psychology. The findings clarify the peculiarities of the semantic sphere regarding the risks at the initial stage of acquiring the profession. The research was conducted in 2017. The sample comprised 60 students of the Department of Psychology. This research was based on the semantic differential technique modified by I.L. Solomin. We altered and extendedthe list of objects in accordance with the research goals. The results were processed by means of cluster and factor analysis. The analysis of individual clustering trees revealed rather significant semantic variability between the researched objects. A few subgroups of respondents were distinguished according to the individual peculiarities of semantic fields regarding the object ‘risk’. With the help of factor analysis, thespecifics of the affective attitude toward the object ‘risk’ were determined for both the whole sample and the individual subgroups of respondents. The psychosemantics approach completes the picture of the study into the psychological aspect of risk in professional activity and enables to identify the topics, which clarify the subtle nuances of the meaning of the notion ‘risk’ in the conscience of a specialist. Thus,there are vagueness and ambiguity of the subjective view of risk by psychology students, ambivalence of the affective attitude to risk, and a range of semantic subgroups toward the notion ‘risk’.
Keywords: risk, professional risk, psychology of risk, risks of a psychology-related profession, situation of risk, subjective perception of risk, students, psychosemantics approach, semantic differential technique, semantic field
Neuropsychological Study of Resilience of School Graduates of the Region of Ecological Trouble
Authors: Galiakberova I , Saraeva N , Suhanov A , Mysnikova E
Published: May 2020

The article presents the data of neuropsychological research in the framework of a comprehensive study of the resilience of the youth population (secondary school graduates) of the region of ecological trouble – Zabajkal‘skij kraj. The authors consider resilience as a systemic characteristic of the system ‘man–life environment’. The model of resilience including psychophysiological, psychological and personal levels is offered. Standardized psychometric and neuropsychological methods are used to evaluate level’s indicators. School graduates residing in ecologically unfavorable territories identified drift of psychophysiological level in the direction of lower standards and regulatory intensity indicators of psychological and personal levels ofresilience. Using a neuropsychological approach with the aim of finding mechanisms to a reduction of the indicators of the psycho-physiological level of resilience allowed us to determine the presence of signs of deficiency of certain brain areas (posterior frontal and parietal). It was established that with the increase of degree of the ecology trouble territories of research, there is a reliable increase of mistakes ofaccomplishment by test subjects who live on them, the neuropsychological tests investigating visually spatial functions, and also functions of the serial organization of mental activity. Though there is the presence of correlations between indicators of different levels of resilience, but the rating and the explanation by virtue of their disparate data is difficult. The search for correlates, in this case, can be more aimed at proving the possibility of the existence of the proposed model of resilience, its consistency and productivity of the instruments that are used for its study.
Keywords: neuropsychological study, resilience, level of resilience, ecological trouble, secondary school graduates
Professional Thinking and Types of Professionals
Authors: Gilmanov S
Published: May 2020

We believe that main parameters of professional thinking are: the conceptual development of professional reality (as a separate socio-cultural area of activities and relationships embodied in the objectives, actions, functions of profession) and the adequacy of planning and regulation of actions in professional situations.The parameters of the professional thinking specify types of professionals. We investigated the parameters of professional thinking and the types of professionals through analysis of speech (dialogues, descriptions of professional activities, etc.) of people of different professions (n = 224) based on the ideas of A. R. Luria: (1) ‘The real use of the word <...> is always the process of selecting the desired meaning from the pop-up alternatives, with the allocation of some actual system ties and inhibition of other systems of relations, not relevant to this problem’; (2) the meaning of the word depends on the specific task facing the subject and situation in which the word is used. The units of meaning were: understanding of structural and dynamic sides of the professional reality; way of substantiation actions in professional situations. The data allowed to determine three types of professionals. (1) ‘Expert’: there is a complete and profound reflection of professional reality in the speech combined with the exact description of planned actions. (2) ‘Inept maven’: understands the professional activity and its components, but may not accurately describe the actions. (3) ‘Empirical practician’: can describe the correct actions, but descriptions are based on experience and stereotypes.
Keywords: professional speech, professional thinking, professional reality, types of professionals
Proposal for Psychomotor Development According to A.R. Luria’s Conception: New Data in Mexico
Authors: Juan Pelayo González H , Solovieva Y
Published: May 2020

The aim of this work was to test a program for psychomotor development based on Luria´s concept of three functional brain units or blocks and the necessity of stimulation of the first functional unit in early childhood. Stimulation of subcortical systems associated with psychomotor and cognitive regulation may help to set thebasis for positive functioning of the cerebral cortex in the coming years. Vestibular exercises and proprioceptive stimulation were used. All exercises included significant communicative activity as described by Vigotsky and Lisina, which provide positive direct emotional contact between adult and child. Thirty-six babies with neurological risk were included in the study, along with their parents. After 300 days in the stimulation program, all the children presented positive functional development. We conclude that positive effects of these programs for correction and psychological development may be achieved during the first year of life.
Keywords: neurological risk, emotional contact, joint activity, vestibular stimulation
The Use of Biological Feedback in Complex Treatment of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Grekhov R , Suleymanova G , Shilova L , Levkina M , Rogatkina T
Published: May 2020

There are significant emotional problems in patients with systemic sclerosis (SS) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), including most expressed symptoms of anxiety and depression that complicate the process of social and psychological adaptation of patients, reduce the level of subjective control as an attribute of personal responsibility for controlling their disease. The effectiveness of the biofeedback (BFB) training inthe treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic sclerosis is analyzed. Analysis of the effectiveness of treatment was conducted by studying the dynamics of a number of psychological indices (the level of subjective control, reactive and personal anxiety, depression) and their comparison in patients of the main and control groups before and after the treatment. Correction of the psycho-emotional state of patients with SS and RA was carried out using biofeedback (BFB), based on the principle of self-regulation of body functions using external feedback systems. There was a significant reduction in anxiety and depressive reactions in patients, during the process of BFB therapy, accompanied by a significant decrease of scoresby Spielberger–Khanin and Beck psychological tests, noted a significant effect of increasing the level of subjective control that can improve the effectiveness of therapy and long-term disease prognosis. Thus, the additional application of BFB training in complex treatment of SS and RA patients promoted the improvement of the efficiency of the treatment and rehabilitation carried out and the improvement of the patients’ quality of life.
Keywords: BFB training, systemic sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatic diseases, reactive anxiety, personality anxiety, depression, level of subjective control
Hemispheric Asymmetry and Stress Exposure Model in a Professional Evaluation Situation
Authors: Gryazeva-Dobshinskaya V , Dmitrieva Y , Korobova S
Published: May 2020

The urgency of the study on the system of psychophysiological and psychological (temperamental and personal) factors of stress exposure in a situation of professional evaluation of the subjects is considered. The results of the empirical study of stress factors including psychophysiological, temperological and personal characteristics of the subjects are given. The analysis is made with the use of hardware–software system ‘Aktivatsiometr 9К’ by Y.А. Tsagarelli to detect psychophysiological parameters (functional hemispheric asymmetry, activation of the brain hemispheres, strength and lability of the nervous system), «Structure of temperament questionary» by V.М. Rusalov, and diagnosis of the strategic options for choosing a life journey ofthe ‘Typology of Personal Choice’ by V.G. Gryazeva-Dobshinskaya and A.S. Maltseva. Individually typological, as well as dynamic and activity-situational (in a situation of professional evaluation) characteristics of activation and hemispheric asymmetry of the subjects are calculated. Stress reaction is detected, provided individual-typological and activity situational characteristics of activation of the subjects differ by more than 1.5 times. Fifty-six senior students aging between 20 and 25 are the sample of the analysis. The sample is divided into two groups in accordance with the response to the situation of assessment of professional competence: group 1 (n1 = 19 people) with a detected stress reaction, group 2 (n1 = 37 people), in which the stress reactionis not detected. The correctness of the obtained differentiation in the groups of students, differing in the system of indicators of psychophysiological, temperological and personal characteristics is proved with the help of discriminate analysis. The model of stress exposure in a situation of professional evaluation is developed.
Keywords: functional hemispheric asymmetry, everyday stress, professional evaluation, temperamental characteristics, personal choice
Dynamics of Studies of the Problem of Correlation of Consciousness, Self-consciousness, ‘I-Concept’, ‘I-Image’ in the Psychology of the Twenty-first Century
Authors: Gunina D
Published: May 2020

The article reveals the problem of theoretical understanding and practical investigation of the relationship between the concepts of consciousness, selfconsciousness, ‘I-concepts’, ‘I-image’. The criteria for the correlation of the concepts of consciousness, self-consciousness, ‘I-concepts’, ‘the I-image’ have been developed. The systematization of the conceptual apparatus, expressed in the clarification of the essence of the phenomena of consciousness, self-consciousness, the ‘I-concept’, the ‘I-image’ as a special form of the processes of isolation and identification of the individual, is made. Ontological and epistemological aspects of the content of concepts of consciousness, self-consciousness, ‘I-conception’, ‘I-image’ are singledout. The results of the pilot study testify to the presence of a broad scientific interest in the subject of consciousness, self-consciousness, the ‘I-concept’, the ‘I-image’ of the individual. The dynamics of the scientific interest in the phenomenon of consciousness, self-consciousness, the ‘I-concept’, the ‘I-image’ of the personality is shown. Investigating the dynamics of the study of the problem of consciousness and self consciousness, the ‘I-concept’, the ‘I-image’ in psychology in the twenty-first century, the author developed categories: the content and structure of the ‘I—concept’ (we-concept) of the individual; self-consciousness of the person; structure of the self-consciousness component of the individual (self-assessment, self-knowledge, self-perception, meanings, self-realization, etc.); self-consciousness as a factor of professional self-determination of a person; the content and structure of the personality of the ‘I-image’ of the individual; ecological self-consciousness of the individual; and the content of the personality consciousness.
Keywords: consciousness, self-consciousness, ‘I-concept’, ‘I-image’
Possibilities for a Positive Change in the Body Image of Students in Dance-Motor Training
Authors: Gutko A , Kuzminykh L , Suvorova O
Published: May 2020

This article presents a study on the effectiveness evaluation of the author’s program of dance-motor training aimed at developing a positive image of the physical self in adolescence. The authors used a comprehensive approach to assess the effectiveness of training: the types of psychological problems, the characteristics of the image of the physical self, and the functional state of the participants in the training were monitored. The study involved 96 students from Nizhny Novgorod universities aging from 18 to 25. The researchers used the methods of the drawing test ‘Human figure’ (K. Mahover, F. Gudinaf); the test of twenty statements ‘Who Am I’ (M. Kun, T. McPartland); and the method of computer campimetry for assessing the functionalstate of the body by the function of color-diffusion (SA Polevaya). The self-body image of the subjects in the experiment was characterized by weak integration and awareness; negative and disharmonious deep self-esteem; low values of awareness of one’s own uniqueness; and the maximum limit of the green color was detected in more than half of the subjects (61.45%). Dance-motor training was based on themethodological principles of the integrative-holistic and syndrome-factor approach to mental disorders, developed by A.R. Luria. The development of the psychomotor sphere of a personality was considered as a trigger mechanism for restoring the interaction between the psychological and physiological sub-systems of mental activity. The dependence of the content and structure of mental processes on sociocultural experience (i.e., world artistic culture) was actualized. The mechanism of the regulating role of an image and speech in building the movement has become more active. Dance-motor trainings with students were conducted over the course of a year. We used methods of body-oriented psychotherapy, vegetotherapy, and dance-motor therapy, including contact improvisation. The dance-motor training included warm-ups (aerobic and anaerobic exercises, muscle-stretching exercises); the thematic study of muscle clamps; and choreographic performances (learning movement stereotypes, free and contact improvisation). In the control experiment, a statistically significant conjugate dynamics was observed for the majority of the studied parameters (0.001).
Keywords: body image, dance-motor training, students
Explicit and Implicit Trust Criteria in Business Partnerships
Authors: Ismagilova F , Boštjančič E
Published: May 2020

Identifying and understanding the similarities and differences between subjective trust criteria in Russian and European business can help offer scientific recommendations for the development of long-term international business cooperation, based on mutual trust, despite the differences between both cultures. The purpose of this study is to describe the relations between the implicit and explicit trust criteria presented in Russian and European studies, and to compare how these criteria are expressed in Russian and European publications from a quantitative perspective. Using the content analysis of European and Russian publications for the period 2005–2015, the following main research questions are considered: (1) Are more references made to explicit trust criteria than implicit trust criteria? (2) Are the explicit criteria focused on a partner’s business mentioned more often than the explicit criteria focused on a partner’s competences and personality? (3) Are more references made to implicit trust criteria in Russian or European scientific articles? As the results reveal, although implicit criteria do not dominate in the subjective trust criteria for business partnerships,they nevertheless have a significant presence. Trust criteria based on characteristics related to business dominate the criteria for a partner’s competences and personality. The differences between explicit and implicit trust criteria in Russian and European publications are not statistically significant. Nevertheless, on average, the difference between implicit and explicit assumptions of confidence is 0.13 in Russian studies and 0.34 in European studies. The study revealed that small companies entering the international market should consider the risks associated with a failure to understand what a business partner considers an implicit sign for triggering business relations and trust.
Keywords: trust in business relations, implicit and explicit trust criteria
Application of Lurian Approach to Assessment of Perpetrators of Crimes
Authors: Kaczmarek B
Published: May 2020

The central question in law is whether a defendant is responsible for his/her wrongdoing. Recent progress in neuroscience, especially in brain imaging, has shown potential for finding more objective tools for the evaluation of brain disorders. In the case of perpetrators, damage to the prefrontal area is believed to be of relevance in criminal responsibility, since it modulates and controls aggressive urges originating from the limbic system. To absolve guilt, a brain scan would have to show that a perpetrator was unable to control his/her behavior; however, it shows only what is and not what could be. It is therefore impossible to obtain behavioral data that would indicate a disorder of executive functioning at both the time of evaluation andthe instant offence. The diagnostic value of performing a neurolinguistics analysis of narratives elicited from brain-damaged patients was demonstrated in the first study. Another study supported the assumption of a frontal lobe defect in individuals with a history of violent behavior. The present study compared results obtained from three groups matched for age, sex, and education: perpetrators of crimes, healthy soldiers, and patients with lesions of the frontal lobes. A battery of tests measuring frontal lobe deficits was administered along with one of the tasks of the Narrative Abilities Test, based upon Luria’s approach to the examination of speech. Statistically significant differences were found between perpetrators and healthy controls but not between frontal lobe patients and perpetrators, which confirms frontal lobe deficits in that group.
Keywords: Lurian approach, perpetrators, neurolinguistics analysis, narratives
The Influence of Attachment to Mother on the Psychological Health of Pre-school Children
Authors: Kuftyak E , Kuklina K
Published: May 2020

The research of 97 children (49.5% girls) deals with the contribution of attachment to the mental health of senior pre-school age subjects. Child’s attachment has been assessed by means of the Types of Attachment to Mother Assessment Questionnaire; child’s health has been assessed by comprehensive health evaluation (with defining a health group), R. Sear’s technique, Psychological Health Assessment List and The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. The ratio of pre-school children with secure and insecure attachment constituted 62.9 and 37.1%. Children with secure attachment had basic trust to mother and assurance in her support and acceptance. The obtained results confirmed the known data of the peculiarities of children with insecure attachment. Children with insecure attachment had a higher level of anxiety and a higher level of emotional symptom manifestations and external problems. The obtained multiple regression equation forecasted anxiety, emotional symptoms, hyperactivity and problems with peers according to the indices of attachment (emotional proximity with mother, mother’s empathy and perceiving mother as a source of assistance and support). Mother’s empathy to a child was the most significant for the development of anxiety, hyperactive behavior and pro-social behavior. The obtained results may be used in the preventive and correctional work on keeping and strengthening pre-school children’s mental health.
Keywords: attachment to mother, mental health, preschoolers
Neuropsychological Test Barcelona-2: Theoretical and Practical Aspects
Authors: Liutsko L , Peña-Casanova J , Rivera-Avila N , Vinaixa-Campos L , Cáceres-Guillén I , Quiñones-Úbeda S , Sánchez-Benavides G
Published: May 2020

The Barcelona test (TB) is an instrument of neuropsychological assessment, developed under the influence of Luria’s ideas, and published in 1990 [1]. It explores the main cognitive functions and allows the design of graphic profiles similar to those of the Boston Test for the diagnosis of aphasia. Objective: To present the theoretical and practical characteristics of a new version of the test, the Test Barcelona-2. The new and computerized versions of test structure is described here with six modules established: (1) Language-attention-orientation; (2) Reading and writing; (3) Motorpraxis; (4) Perception-gnosis; (5) Memory; (6) Abstraction-execution. As a novelty, test allows the selection for specific profiles: alpha, beta, abbreviated, aphasia, andecological-forensic approach. The types of variables condition a different statistical approach and a differentiated form of graphic expression. The new test presents a modular structure, which allows determining intra- and inter-module dissociations. Computerization greatly facilitates the work of the clinician. In the case of aphasia the test allows to differentiate easily all its clinical forms.
Keywords: Test Barceona-2, neuropsychological test; computerized workstation, modular structure
Space and Time in Neuropsychological Studies: History and Modernity
Authors: Martsinkovskaya T , Balashova E
Published: May 2020

The content of the category of chronotope in biology, philology and psychology is revealed. The connection of approaches to the analysis of the interrelation of space and time in the concepts of V. Vernadsky, A. Ukhtomsky, N. Bernstein and M. Bakhtin is shown. It is state that common for all this concepts is the aim to analyze the integral response of the organism to the effects of the external environment. It is shown that Ukhtomsky’s complex approach to heterochrony of chronotope is correlated with the complex structure of the psychological chronotope, in which three parameters of space as well as three parameters of time are distinguished in the objective and subjective reality. Heterochrony is especially important for neuropsychology. Considering the chronotope in the context of brain work, scientists discovered the facts of heterochrony, heterotopy and hetero-dynamicity of development. It is connected with the fact that mental functions begin to develop at different times and are formed at different speeds and in different areas of the brain. Spatial-temporal determination ofontogeny is important for the differentiation of normal and abnormal development, for determining the type and nature of mental dysontogenesis, for psychosomatic studies. This makes it possible to talk about the cerebral substratum of the chronotope as a spatial-temporal factor of the psyche, which, undoubtedly, requires further research. In the psychology of personality the chronotope gives the possibility of a holistic approach to the analysis of person in the changing reality of space-time. It is extremely important for investigating the processes of socialization and the identity formation in transitive reality. In conclusion it is states the possibility to understand the concept of ”psychological chronotope” as a construct that connects different approaches and paradigms to the development of person in a modern changing society.
Keywords: chronotope, space, time, psychology