bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association Between Lipid Levels and Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Rheumatoid Arthritis Compared to Non–Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Authors: Liao Katherine P. , Liu Jun , Lu Bing , Solomon Daniel H. , Kim Seoyoung C.
Published: April 2015

Objective

Lower levels of low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol may be associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) risk in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study was undertaken to determine whether the complex relationship between levels of LDL and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and CV risk is different in RA patients as compared to non‐RA controls.

Methods

Using data from a US health insurance plan (2003–2012), we conducted a cohort study that included patients with RA and non‐RA control subjects matched with regard to age, sex, and index date. The nonlinearity of associations between lipid levels and incidence of major adverse CV events (MACE) was tested. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models to examine for an interaction between lipid levels and RA status in relation to the risk of MACE, after adjustment for CV risk factors.

Results

In total, 16,085 RA patients and 48,499 non‐RA controls were studied. The mean age was 52.6 years and 78.6% were women. The relationship between LDL cholesterol levels and incidence of MACE was nonlinear and similar between RA patients and non‐RA controls (P for interaction = 0.72). No significant increase in CV risk was observed between the lowest quintile of LDL cholesterol levels (≤91.0 mg/dl) and the second, third, or fourth quintiles, whereas the highest quintile (>190.0 mg/dl) conveyed a 40% increase in risk of MACE (hazard ratio [HR] 1.40, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.17–1.68). The relationship between HDL cholesterol levels and incidence of MACE was also nonlinear and similar between RA patients and non‐RA controls (P for interaction = 0.39). Compared to the lowest quintile of HDL cholesterol levels, each successive quintile was associated with a reduced risk of MACE (HR 0.45, 95% CI 0.48–0.72 for lowest quintile [≤43.0 mg/dl] versus highest quintile [>71.0 mg/dl]).

Conclusion

The complex relationship between LDL cholesterol levels, HDL cholesterol levels, and risk of MACE was nonlinear in RA patients and also not statistically significantly different from that in an age‐ and sex‐matched non‐RA cohort.
Internalization of Rituximab and the Efficiency of B Cell Depletion in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Reddy Venkat , Cambridge Geraldine , Isenberg David A. , Glennie Martin J. , Cragg Mark S. , Leandro Maria
Published: April 2015

Objective

Rituximab, a type I anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb), induces incomplete B cell depletion in some patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), thus contributing to a poor clinical response. The mechanisms of this resistance remain elusive. The purpose of this study was to determine whether type II mAb are more efficient than type I mAb at depleting B cells from RA and SLE patients, whether internalization influences the efficiency of depletion, and whether Fcγ receptor type IIb (FcγRIIb) and the B cell receptor regulate this internalization process.

Methods

We used an in vitro whole blood B cell–depletion assay to assess the efficiency of depletion, flow cytometry to study cell surface protein expression, and surface fluorescence–quenching assays to assess rituximab internalization, in samples from patients with RA and patients with SLE. Paired t‐test or Mann‐Whitney U test was used to compare groups, and Spearman's rank correlation test was used to assess correlation.

Results

We found that type II mAb internalized significantly less rituximab than type I mAb and depleted B cells from patients with RA and SLE at least 2‐fold more efficiently than type I mAb. Internalization of rituximab was highly variable between patients, was regulated by FcγRIIb, and inversely correlated with cytotoxicity in whole blood B cell–depletion assays. The lowest levels of internalization were seen in IgD– B cells, including postswitched (IgD–CD27+) memory cells. Internalization of type I anti‐CD20 mAb was also partially inhibited by anti‐IgM stimulation.

Conclusion

Variability in internalization of rituximab was observed and was correlated with impaired B cell depletion. Therefore, slower‐internalizing type II mAb should be considered as alternative B cell–depleting agents for the treatment of RA and SLE.
Associations With Smoking and Shared Epitope Differ Between IgA‐ and IgG‐Class Antibodies to Cyclic Citrullinated Peptides in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Svärd Anna , Skogh Thomas , Alfredsson Lars , Ilar Anna , Klareskog Lars , Bengtsson Camilla , Kastbom Alf
Published: April 2015

Objective

Smoking and HLA–DRB1/shared epitope (SE) alleles are risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) characterized by seropositivity for antibodies targeting citrullinated proteins (ACPAs)/cyclic citrullinated peptides (anti‐CCP). Previously, mainly IgG‐class antibodies have been studied. IgA‐class antibodies are to a great extent related to mucosal immunity. The aim of this study was to explore interrelations between cigarette smoking, presence of SE, and seropositivity for circulating IgA and/or IgG anti‐CCP antibodies among patients with early RA, to determine whether ACPAs of the IgA subclass are regulated by different mechanisms than those of the IgG subclass.

Methods

Two cohorts of patients with early RA, from the first Epidemiological Investigations of RA trial (n = 1,663) and the second Early Intervention in RA trial (n = 199), were grouped into 4 subsets based on anti‐CCP subclass status (IgG−/IgA−, IgG−/IgA+, IgG+/IgA−, and IgG+/IgA+), and each subset was compared with regard to associations with smoking (current and former) and presence of SE. Interaction between smoking and SE was calculated using the attributable proportion (AP) due to interaction (assessing deviation from additivity of effects).

Results

Smoking was overrepresented among IgA anti‐CCP–positive RA patients, regardless of whether IgG anti‐CCP were present, whereas in patients with IgG anti‐CCP alone, no association with smoking was found. SE alleles were overrepresented among IgG anti‐CCP–positive patients, regardless of IgA anti‐CCP status, and was not seen in patients with IgA anti‐CCP alone. An interaction between ever smoking and SE was found with regard to the risk of IgG+/IgA+ RA (AP 0.5, 95% confidence interval 0.4, 0.6). No significant interaction was observed with regard to the risk of IgG−/IgA+ RA or IgG+/IgA− RA.

Conclusion

In patients with RA, a history of ever smoking was associated with seropositivity for IgA anti‐CCP antibodies, whereas presence of SE was associated with seropositivity for IgG anti‐CCP antibodies. An interaction between ever smoking and the SE was limited to the RA subset characterized by seropositivity for both IgG and IgA anti‐CCP. These findings provide novel evidence that anti‐CCP–positive RA can be divided into at least 3 serologically distinct subsets associated with different risk factors, indicating different modes of pathogenesis in RA.
Effects of domain on measures of semantic relatedness
Authors: Macias‐Galindo Daniel , Cavedon Lawrence , Thangarajah John , Wong Wilson
Published: April 2015

Measures of semantic relatedness have been used in a variety of applications in information retrieval and language technology, such as measuring document similarity and cohesion of text. Definitions of such measures have ranged from using distance‐based calculations over WordNet or other taxonomies to statistical distributional metrics over document collections such as Wikipedia or the Web. Existing measures do not explicitly consider the domain associations of terms when calculating relatedness: This article demonstrates that domain matters. We construct a data set of pairs of terms with associated domain information and extract pairs that are scored nearly identical by a sample of existing semantic‐relatedness measures. We show that human judgments reliably score those pairs containing terms from the same domain as significantly more related than cross‐domain pairs, even though the semantic‐relatedness measures assign the pairs similar scores. We provide further evidence for this result using a machine learning setting by demonstrating that domain is an informative feature when learning a metric. We conclude that existing relatedness measures do not account for domain in the same way or to the same extent as do human judges.
The interacting effects of distributed work arrangements and individual dispositions on willingness to engage in sensemaking behaviors
Authors: Gray Peter , Butler Brian S. , Sharma Nikhil
Published: April 2015

Faced with highly competitive and dynamic environments, organizations are increasingly investing in technologies that provide them with new options for structuring work. At the same time, firms are increasingly dependent on employees' willingness and ability to make sense of novel tasks, problems, and rapidly changing situations. Yet, in spite of its importance, the impact of technology‐enabled distributed work arrangements on sensemaking behavior is largely unknown. Sensemaking remains something that is perceived by many to be an idiosyncratic behavior that is, at best, loosely related to sociotechnical context and culture. Drawing on previous studies of cognitive dispositions (need for cognition, tendency for decisiveness, intolerance for ambiguity, and close‐mindedness) and research on how technology‐enabled distributed work arrangements affect interpersonal interaction, we theorize how workgroup geographic distribution interacts with individual cognitive differences to affect employees' willingness to engage in the core sociocognitive activities of sensemaking. Our results show that the consequences of individual tendencies can vary under different work arrangements, suggesting that managers seeking to facilitate sensemaking activities must make careful choices about the composition of distributed work groups, as well as how collaboration technologies can be used to encourage sensemaking behaviors.
Digital innovations in poetry: Practices of creative writing faculty in online literary publishing
Authors: Fleming‐May Rachel A. , Green Harriett
Published: April 2015

This research project explores, through a series of online surveys and subsequent series of individual interviews, stakeholders' attitudes and practices regarding poetry published exclusively in web‐based media. This article specifically examines the project's gathered data on creative writing faculty from North American institutions who were surveyed and interviewed about online poetry publishing as both creators and consumers of the literary works. This study also explores creative writing faculty members' opinions about publishing in online literary publications in regard to career impact, including tenure and promotion. As online literary publishing disrupts what continues to be a very print‐oriented practice, Rogers' “diffusion of innovations” provides a useful framework for exploring these issues. Because this project considers how innovations diffuse throughout a specific group of artists and scholars, and the information needs that emerge from these transformations, the concept of “communities of practice” also informed data analysis.
User experience with commercial music services: An empirical exploration
Authors: Lee Jin Ha , Price Rachel
Published: April 2015

The music information retrieval (MIR) community has long understood the role of evaluation as a critical component for successful information retrieval systems. Over the past several years, it has also become evident that user‐centered evaluation based on realistic tasks is essential for creating systems that are commercially marketable. Although user‐oriented research has been increasing, the MIR field is still lacking in holistic, user‐centered approaches to evaluating music services beyond measuring the performance of search or classification algorithms. In light of this need, we conducted a user study exploring how users evaluate their overall experience with existing popular commercial music services, asking about their interactions with the system as well as situational and personal characteristics. In this paper, we present a qualitative heuristic evaluation of commercial music services based on Jakob Nielsen's 10 usability heuristics for user interface design, and also discuss 8 additional criteria that may be used for the holistic evaluation of user experience in MIR systems. Finally, we recommend areas of future user research raised by trends and patterns that surfaced from this user study.
Interacting with archival finding aids
Authors: Freund Luanne , Toms Elaine G.
Published: April 2015

This research aimed to gain a detailed understanding of how genealogists and historians interact with, and make use of, finding aids in print and digital form. The study uses the lens of human information interaction to investigate finding aid use. Data were collected through a lab‐based study of 32 experienced archives' users who completed two tasks with each of two finding aids. Participants were able to carry out the tasks, but they were somewhat challenged by the structure of the finding aid and employed various techniques to cope. Their patterns of interaction differed by task type and they reported higher rates of satisfaction, ease of use, and clarity for the assessment task than the known‐item task. Four common patterns of interaction were identified: top‐down, bottom‐up, interrogative, and opportunistic. Results show how users interact with findings aids and identify features that support and hinder use. This research examines process and performance in addition to outcomes. Results contribute to the archival science literature and also suggest ways to extend models of human information interaction.
Linking and clustering artworks using social tags: Revitalizing crowd‐sourced information on cultural collections
Authors: Chae Gunho , Park Jaram , Park Juyong , Yeo Woon Seung , Shi Chungkon
Published: April 2015

Social tagging is one of the most popular methods for collecting crowd‐sourced information in galleries, libraries, archives, and museums (GLAMs). However, when the number of social tags grows rapidly, using them becomes problematic and, as a result, they are often left as simply big data that cannot be used for practical purposes. To revitalize the use of this crowd‐sourced information, we propose using social tags to link and cluster artworks based on an experimental study using an online collection at the Gyeonggi Museum of Modern Art (GMoMA). We view social tagging as a folksonomy, where artworks are classified by keywords of the crowd's various interpretations and one artwork can belong to several different categories simultaneously. To leverage this strength of social tags, we used a clustering method called “link communities” to detect overlapping communities in a network of artworks constructed by computing similarities between all artwork pairs. We used this framework to identify semantic relationships and clusters of similar artworks. By comparing the clustering results with curators' manual classification results, we demonstrated the potential of social tagging data for automatically clustering artworks in a way that reflects the dynamic perspectives of crowds.
Using finite element method based software to teach electrical machines—The linear switched reluctance actuator
Authors: Calado M. R. A. , Espírito‐Santo A. E. V. , Salvado J. A. C. , Cabrita C. M. P. , Mariano S. J. P. S.
Published: April 2015

In this paper, the authors intend to propose a method to teach Electrical Machines in Electrical Engineering courses. The way that both in textbooks and classrooms treat this subject seems to limit students' understanding. The competences on electrical machines design and analysis are improved by a practical approach based on simulation and numerical analysis using Finite Element Method Software. As a complement to the previous teaching method, the students use an experimental test bench to verify the numerical results. A particular topic, concerning the study of the Linear Switched Reluctance Actuators, is here presented. Therefore, we propose a guideline for use in the classroom. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 23:824–836, 2015; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21653
Clinical implications of hypoxia biomarker expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review
Authors: Swartz Justin E. , Pothen Ajit J. , Stegeman Inge , Willems Stefan M. , Grolman Wilko
Published: April 2015

Awareness increases that the tumor biology influences treatment outcome and prognosis in cancer. Tumor hypoxia is thought to decrease sensitivity to radiotherapy and some forms of chemotherapy. Presence of hypoxia may be assessed by investigating expression of endogenous markers of hypoxia (EMH) using immunohistochemistry (IHC). In this systematic review we investigated the effect of EMH expression on local control and survival according to treatment modality in head and neck cancer (head and neck squamous cell carcinoma [HNSCC]). A search was performed in MEDLINE and EMBASE. Studies were eligible for inclusion that described EMH expression in relation to outcome in HNSCC patients. Quality was assessed using the Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool. Hazard ratios for locoregional control and survival were extracted. Forty studies of adequate quality were included. HIF‐1a, HIF‐2a, CA‐IX, GLUT‐1, and OPN were identified as the best described EMHs. With exception of HIF‐2a, all EMHs were significantly related to adverse outcome in multiple studies, especially in studies where patients underwent single‐modality treatment. Positive expression was often correlated with adverse clinical characteristics, including disease stage and differentiation grade. In summary, EMH expression was common in HNSCC patients and negatively influenced their prognosis. Future studies should investigate the effect of hypoxia‐modified treatment schedules in patients with high In summary, EMH expression. These may include ARCON, treatment with nimorazole, or novel targeted therapies directed at hypoxic tissue. Also, the feasibility of surgical removal of the hypoxic tumor volume prior to radiotherapy should be investigated.
Electrocardiographic effects of class 1 selective histone deacetylase inhibitor romidepsin
Authors: Sager Philip T. , Balser Barbara , Wolfson Julie , Nichols Jean , Pilot Richard , Jones Suzanne , Burris Howard A.
Published: April 2015

Romidepsin is a histone deacetylase inhibitor approved by the FDA for the treatment of patients with cutaneous or peripheral T‐cell lymphoma who have received prior systemic therapy. The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the potential QTc effects of romidepsin. Patients with advanced malignancy received 4‐h infusions of 14 mg/m2 romidepsin on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28‐day cycle. In cycle 2, a subset of patients received 1‐h infusions of 8–12 mg/m2 romidepsin. Patients were administered antiemetics before each romidepsin dose and electrolyte supplementation as needed. Electrocardiogram readings were performed prior to antiemetic administration, prior to romidepsin administration, and at specified time points over the subsequent 24 h. Romidepsin exposure and heart rate were also assessed. In the electrocardiogram‐evaluable population, 26 patients received romidepsin at 14 mg/m2 over 4 h. The maximum mean increases from the preantiemetic baseline for QTcF and heart rate were 10.1 msec (upper 90% CI, 14.5 msec) and 18.2 beats per minute, respectively. No patient in this study had an absolute QTcF value >450 msec and only one patient had an increase from the preantiemetic baseline of >60 msec. There was a mild reduction in the PR interval and no meaningful changes in the QRS interval. Despite the use of QT‐prolonging antiemetics, treatment with romidepsin did not markedly prolong the QTc interval through 24 h. Increases in calculated QTc may have been exaggerated as a consequence of transient increases in heart rate.
At what age should screening mammography be recommended for Asian women?
Authors: Tsuchida Junko , Nagahashi Masayuki , Rashid Omar M , Takabe Kazuaki , Wakai Toshifumi
Published: April 2015

Although regular screening mammography has been suggested to be associated with improvements in the relative survival of breast cancer in recent years, the appropriate age to start screening mammography remains controversial. In November 2009, the United States Preventive Service Task Force published updated guidelines for breast cancer, which no longer support routine screening mammography for women aged 40–49 years, but instead, defer the choice of screening in that age group to the patient and physician. The age to begin screening differs between guidelines, including those from the Task Force, the American Cancer Society and the World Health Organization. It remains unclear how this discrepancy impacts patient survival, especially among certain subpopulations. Although the biological characteristics of breast cancer and peak age of incidence differ among different ethnic populations, there have been few reports that evaluate the starting age for screening mammography based on ethnicity. Here, we discuss the benefits and harm of screening mammography in the fifth decade, and re‐evaluate the starting age for screening mammography taking ethnicity into account, focusing on the Asian population. Breast cancer incidence peaked in the fifth decade in Asian women, which has been thought to be due to a combination of biological and environmental factors. Previous reports suggest that Asian women in their 40s may receive more benefit and less harm from screening mammography than the age‐matched non‐Asian US population. Therefore, starting screening mammography at age 40 may be beneficial for women of Asian ethnicity in well‐resourced countries, such as Japanese women who reside in Japan.
Growth Rate Dispersion at the Single‐Crystal Level
Authors: Bobo Emilie , Petit Samuel , Coquerel Gérard
Published: April 2015

Evidence of growth rate dispersion for symmetry‐related opposite faces of centrosymmetric single crystals of ammonium perchlorate is provided. Crystallization experiments conducted by evaporation of a stagnant aqueous solution at room temperature show that some $ ({\rm{hkl}}) $ faces have high and irregular normal growth rates, in time and space, whereas the corresponding $ ({\rm{\overline h}}\;{\rm{\overline k}}\;{\rm{\overline l}}) $ faces crystallize slowly and steadily. The $ ({\rm{hkl}}) $ faces presenting high and irregular crystal growth also form repetitive inclusions, whereas $ ({\rm{\overline h \;\overline k \; \overline l}}) $ faces are not involved in any formation of vacuoles. As a consequence, it is possible to retrace the crystallization history of a single crystal by analyzing the location of series of inclusions showing the progressive displacement of its center of gravity.
N‐Doped TiO2/SrTiO3 Heterostructured Nanotubes for High‐Efficiency Photoelectrocatalytic Properties under Visible‐Light Irradiation
Authors: Huang Juan‐Ru , Tan Xin , Yu Tao , Hu Wen‐Li , Zhao Lin , Liu Hang , Zhang Ling , Zou Yun‐Ling
Published: April 2015

N‐doped TiO2/SrTiO3 heterostructured nanotubes with a highly reactive {001} facet of anatase TiO2 are fabricated by a combination of traditional anodization and conventional hydrothermal treatment. The photoelectrocatalytic and photoelectrochemical properties of the resulting nanotubes are investigated through the degradation of methylene blue and measurements of transient photocurrent and open‐circuit voltage, and the results are compared with those obtained with reference TiO2 and N‐doped TiO2 nanotubes. The synthesis principles and degradation mechanisms are also presented and discussed. The results clearly show that these heterostructured nanotubes have enhanced photoelectrocatalytic and photoelectrochemical properties under UV and visible‐light irradiation, and that the positive synergistic effect of N incorporation, dominant {001} facet of TiO2, and directional migration of photogenerated charges at the heterostructured interface can cooperatively promote the transfer and separation of the photogenerated carriers.
Hexaphenylbenzene‐Based, π‐Conjugated Snowflake‐Shaped Luminophores: Tunable Aggregation‐Induced Emission Effect and Piezofluorochromism
Authors: Chang Zheng‐Feng , Jing Ling‐Min , Wei Cong , Dong Yu‐Ping , Ye Yan‐Chun , Zhao Yong Sheng , Wang Jin‐Liang
Published: April 2015

In this work, two rigid, multiple tetraphenylethene (TPE)‐substituted, π‐conjugated, snowflake‐shaped luminophores BT and BPT were facilely synthesized by using a 6‐fold Suzuki coupling reaction. These molecules are constructed based on the nonplanar structure of propeller‐shaped hexaphenylbenzene (HPB) or benzene as core groups and TPE as end groups. As a result, they reserve the intrinsic aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) property of the TPE moiety. Meanwhile, both fluorescence quantum yield and piezochromic behavior in the solid state can be tuned or switched by inserting the phenyl bridges through changing the twisting conformation. The more extended structure BPT showed a much stronger AIE effect and higher ΦF,f in the solid state in comparison with that of BT. Furthermore, an excellent optical waveguide application of these molecules was achieved. However, the revisable piezofluorochromic behavior has only appeared when BT was ground using a pestle and treated with solvent.
Dynamic Aminal‐Based TPA Ligands
Authors: Zhou Yuntao , Yuan Yaofeng , You Lei , Anslyn Eric V.
Published: April 2015

The use of dynamic covalent reactions (DCRs) is gaining popularity for the construction of self‐assembling architectures. We have recently introduced DCRs that exchange alcohols and aldehydes to create hemiaminal ethers within tri(2‐picolyl)amine (TPA) ligands, all of which are templated by ZnII. To expand the scope of this assembly, aromatic imines derived from pyridine‐2‐carboxyaldehyde were explored as dynamic covalent receptors for di(2‐picolyl)amine in the presence of ZnII to create TPA ligands that contain aminal linkages. This represents another metal‐templated in situ multicomponent assembly. The stability of the assembly was successfully modulated through substituent effects, and the equilibrium constants from imines to aminals were correlated by a linear free energy relationship (LFER) with σ+ values. Dynamic component exchange was investigated as a means of probing multiple equilibriums quantitatively in the system. Further, the mechanism was analyzed with a qualitative kinetics study. NMR spectra reveal the different extents of two competing pathways for assembly depending upon whether the aromatic amine has electron‐withdrawing or electron‐donating groups on the ring. Finally, mass spectral evidence supports the presence and differing extents of dominance of the two pathways as a function of the substituents.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the Black Material AgMnII3 (MnIII0.26Al0.74) (MoO4)5.
Authors: Bouzidi Chahira , Frigui Wafa , Zid Mohamed Faouzi
Published: April 2015

AgMnII3 (MnIII0,26Al0,74) (MoO4)5 is prepared by solid state reaction of a 1:1:3:5 molar mixture of Al2O3, AgNO3, Mn(OAc)3·2H2O, and (NH4)2Mo4O13 (porcelain crucible, 1143 K, 4 weeks).
ChemInform Abstract: Growth, Structure, and Optical Properties of a Self‐Activated Crystal: Na3Nd9O3(BO3)8.
Authors: Shan Faxian , Xia Mingjun , Zhang Guochun , Yao Jiyong , Zhang Xinyuan , Xu Tianxiang , Wu Yicheng
Published: April 2015

Violet crystals of the title compound are prepared from a mixture of Na2CO3, Nd2O3, B2O3, and NaF in the molar ratio of 9:2:14:10 (Pt crucible, 950 °C, 16 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Quaternary Rare‐Earth Selenides with Closed Cavities: Cs[RE9Mn4Se18] (RE: Ho—Lu).
Authors: Lin Hua , Shen Jin‐Ni , Shi Yong‐Fang , Li Long‐Hua , Chen Ling
Published: April 2015

The title compounds are prepared by reactions of the elements in a reactive CsCl flux (1223 K, 6 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Alkylation of Aryl Heteroaryl Ketones.
Authors: Ortiz Pablo , del Hoyo Ana M. , Harutyunyan Syuzanna R.
Published: April 2015

A new strategy to access chiral tertiary diarylmethanols through copper‐catalyzed direct alkylation of (di)(hetero)aryl ketones by using Grignard reagents is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible‐Light‐Induced Bromoetherification of Alkenols for the Synthesis of β‐Bromotetrahydrofurans and ‐tetrahydropyrans
Authors: Lin Run , Sun Hongnan , Yang Chao , Yang Youdong , Zhao Xinxin , Xia Wujiong
Published: April 2015

using CBr4 as bromine source
ChemInform Abstract: Tethered Ru(II) Catalysts Containing a Ru—I Bond.
Authors: Jolley Katherine E. , Clarkson Guy J. , Wills Martin
Published: April 2015

Two new iodide‐containing derivatives of widely‐used Ru(II) (arene)(TosDPEN) catalysts are synthesized and evaluated in the asymmetric reduction of acetophenone under both transfer (ATH) and pressure hydrogenation (AH) conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free σ‐Bond Metathesis in 1,3,2‐Diazaphospholene‐Catalyzed Hydroboration of Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Chong Che Chang , Hirao Hajime , Kinjo Rei
Published: April 2015

The first metal‐free catalytic hydroboration of carbonyl derivatives is developed in which a catalytic amount of 1,3,2‐diazaphospholene effectively promotes a hydroboration reaction of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes and ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Desulfinative Cross‐Coupling of Heteroaromatic Sulfinates with Aryl Triflates in Environmentally Friendly Protic Solvents.
Authors: Forgione Pat , Mangel Daniel , Buonomano Cindy , Sevigny Stephane , Di Censo Gianna , Thevendran Gowsic
Published: April 2015

Aryl‐substituted heteroaromatics (III) are obtained under optimized conditions employing aqueous and alcoholic media without the use of base, additives or co‐catalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemoselective N‐Boc Protection of Amines in the Presence of Solid‐Supported Perchloric Acid as an Efficient and Reusable Solid Acid.
Authors: Khaligh Nader Ghaffari , Hazarkhani Hassan
Published: April 2015

Poly(4‐vinylpyridinium) perchlorate is found to be an excellent catalyst for the chemoselective N‐Boc protection of various amines under neat reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Aerobic Palladium‐Catalyzed Dioxygenation of Alkenes Enabled by Catalytic Nitrite.
Authors: Wickens Zachary K. , Guzman Pablo E. , Grubbs Robert H.
Published: April 2015

Catalytic nitrite is found to enable carbon‐oxygen bond‐forming reductive elimination from unstable alkyl palladium intermediates, providing dioxygenated products from alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Unsymmetrical, gem‐Disubstituted Bisamides.
Authors: Bode Jeffrey W. , Schaefer Gabriel , Leu Lukas
Published: April 2015

Ketone‐derived unsymmetrical, gem‐disubstituted bisamides (III) are obtained by the addition of Grignard reagents to N‐acyl isocyanates, generated in situ by Lossen rearrangement of corresponding hydroxamic acids (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Dearomatization of β‐Naphthols Through an Amination Reaction Catalyzed by a Chiral Phosphoric Acid.
Authors: Wang Shou‐Guo , Yin Qin , Zhuo Chun‐Xiang , You Shu‐Li
Published: April 2015

This protocol provides facile access to functionalized β—naphthalenone compounds with a chiral quaternary carbon center in excellent yields and enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantiodivergent Synthesis of Wieland—Miescher Ketone Analogue Mediated by a Chiral Pyridinylmethylamine Derivative.
Authors: Inomata Kohei , Endo Yasuyuki , Honda Shota
Published: April 2015

The title compound is synthesized by the intramolecular aldol reaction of trione (I) mediated by a chiral pyridinylmethyl amine in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Enantioselective Approach to Spirocyclic Δβ,γ‐Butenolides.
Authors: Hejmanowska Joanna , Dziegielewski Marek , Kowalczyk Dorota , Albrecht Lukasz
Published: April 2015

The title compounds are prepared by a one‐pot procedure via [4+2]‐cycloaddition of 2,5‐hexadienals and 3‐arylmethylidene‐5‐aryl‐2,3‐dihydrofuran‐2‐ones using TDP as chiral catalyst followed by Ramirez olefination in moderate yields with moderate to good dia‐ and excellent enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Graphite Oxide‐Promoted One‐Pot Synthesis and Oxidative Aromatization of Hantzsch 1,4‐Dihydropyridines.
Authors: Mirza‐Aghayan Maryam , Asadi Fatemeh , Boukherroub Rabah
Published: April 2015

Graphite oxide is a readily available, inexpensive, mild, and efficient agent for the one‐pot synthesis of pyridine compounds (III) using a three‐component Hantzsch reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient and Efficient Synthesis of 2‐(Het)arylthieno[3,2‐b]pyridin‐7(4H)‐ones and 2,3‐Di(het)arylthieno[3,2‐b]pyridin‐7(4H)‐ones.
Authors: Puvvala Srinu , Jadhav Vinod D. , Farooq Sheikh M. , Reddy C. Venkata Ramana , Machiraju Pavan Kumar
Published: April 2015

The synthesis of the starting compounds has been reported previously.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Formation of β‐Hydroxyboronate Esters by a Cu‐Catalyzed Diboration/Matteson Homologation Sequence.
Authors: Moore Cameron M. , Medina Casey R. , Cannamela Peter C. , McIntosh Melissa L. , Ferber Carl J. , Roering Andrew J. , Clark Timothy B.
Published: April 2015

The synthetic utility of the method is demonstrated by the oxidation of one product to provide the protected diol (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Fourfold Diels—Alder Reaction of Tetraethynylsilane.
Authors: Geyer Florian L. , Rode Alexander , Bunz Uwe H. F.
Published: April 2015

A series of ethynylated silanes, including tetraethynylsilane, is treated with tetraphenylcyclopentadienone at 300°C under microwave irradiation to give the aromatized Diels—Alder adducts as sterically encumbered mini‐dendrimers with up to 20 benzene rings.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,2‐Dialkynyldisilanes Incorporated in 10‐Membered‐Ring System.
Authors: Tokitoh Norihiro , Mizuhata Yoshiyuki , Egawa Yasunobu , Sasamori Takahiro
Published: April 2015

Novel 10‐membered‐cyclic silanes are obtained as trans‐ and cis‐isomers (V)/(VI) by reduction of a bis(dichloroethynylsilane) bridged by o‐xylylene (IV) using lithium naphthalenide.
ChemInform Abstract: n‐BuLi as a Highly Efficient Precatalyst for Hydrophosphonylation of Aldehydes and Unactivated Ketones.
Authors: Liu Chengwei , Zhang Yu , Qian Qinqin , Yuan Dan , Yao Yingming
Published: April 2015

BuLi is shown to be an efficient catalyst for the hydrophosphonylation reaction of aldehydes and ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Approach to a Novel Group of Quaternary Amino Acids Containing a Geminal Bisphosphonate Moiety.
Authors: Dziegielewski Marek , Hejmanowska Joanna , Albrecht Lukasz
Published: April 2015

Attempts upon an enantioselective version of the presented procedure using cinchona alkaloids and their derivatives as chiral catalysts provide the corresponding products with low enantiomeric excess.
ChemInform Abstract: Cochlearols A (I) and B (II), Polycyclic Meroterpenoids from the Fungus Ganoderma cochlear that have Renoprotective Activities.
Authors: Dou Man , Di Lei , Zhou Li‐Li , Yan Yong‐Ming , Wang Xin‐Long , Zhou Feng‐Jiao , Yang Zhu‐Liang , Li Rong‐Tao , Hou Fan‐Fan , Cheng Yong‐Xian
Published: April 2015

The title compounds are isolated as their racemic mixtures.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Amaryllidaceae Alkaloid from the Bulbs of Lycoris radiata.
Authors: Lee Ji Young , Cha Mi‐Ran , Lee Ji Eun , Kim Jinhee , Cho Heeyeong , Park Woo Kyu , Choi Sang Un , Ryu Shi Yong
Published: April 2015

isolation, structure elucidation and acetylcholinesterase inhibition of the new amaryllidaceae alkaloid, 6‐hydroxytazettine (I), and 17 related alkaloids
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Lycodine Alkaloids from Lycopodiastrum casuarinoides.
Authors: Wu Ji‐Chun , Wang Qiu‐Yue , Tao Ying‐Jiang , Jiang Jin‐He , Liu Ying , Huang Guo‐Li , Zhan Rui , Liu Bo , Chen Ye‐Gao
Published: April 2015

isolation and structure determination of two new lycodine alkaloids, 11β‐methoxyhuperzine B (I) and 16‐oxohuperzidine (II) along with seven known compounds
ChemInform Abstract: The Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Cinbotolide: A Revision of the Original Structure.
Authors: Botubol Jose Manuel , Duran‐Pena Maria Jesus , Macias‐Sanchez Antonio J. , Hanson James R , Collado Isidro G. , Hernandez‐Galan Rosario
Published: April 2015

The originally assumed 11‐membered lactone structure for a Botrytis cinerea metabolite is revised to γ‐butyrolactone (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Chlorocatechelins A and B from Streptomyces sp.: New Siderophores Containing Chlorinated Catecholate Groups and an Acylguanidine Structure.
Authors: Kishimoto Shinji , Nishimura Shinichi , Hattori Akira , Tsujimoto Masafumi , Hatano Masaki , Igarashi Masayuki , Kakeya Hideaki
Published: April 2015

The iron(III)‐binding properties of (Ia) are investigated and the decomposition of (Ia) to (Ib) is discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Improved and Large‐Scale Synthesis of 10‐Methyl‐aplog‐1, a Potential Lead for an Anticancer Drug.
Authors: Kikumori Masayuki , Yanagita Ryo C. , Irie Kazuhiro
Published: April 2015

Compound (I) can be afforded in several hundreds of milligram with high purity by the presented approach in 23 steps from commercially available m‐hydroxycinnamic acid with an overall yield of 1.1%.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyoxothiometalates POTM
Authors: Secheresse Francis , Cadot Emmanuel
Published: April 2015

Review: 174 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Routes Towards Acrylic Acid, Adipic Acid and ε‐Caprolactam Starting from Biorenewables
Authors: Beerthuis Rolf , Rothenberg Gadi , Shiju N. Raveendran
Published: April 2015

Review: 180 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Sustainable Conversion of Carbon Dioxide: The Advent of Organocatalysis
Authors: Fiorani Giulia , Guo Wusheng , Kleij Arjan W.
Published: April 2015

Review: 155 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinazolines. Synthesis and Biological Properties
Authors: Dumitrascu Florea , Popa Marcel M.
Published: April 2015

Review: 116 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Selective Addition of Water
Authors: Resch Verena , Hanefeld Ulf
Published: April 2015

Review: selectivity and applicability of the different catalytic approaches for the direct addition of water to C=C double bonds; 130 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hantzsch Based Macrocyclization Approach for the Synthesis of Thiazole Containing Cyclopeptides
Authors: Nefzi Adel
Published: April 2015

Review: 57 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Donor‐Acceptor Rotaxanes with Tetracationic Cyclophane Ring
Authors: Deska Malgorzata , Nowik‐Zajac Anna , Sliwa Wanda
Published: April 2015

Review: 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in the Molecular Understanding of Biological Zinc Transport
Authors: Blindauer Claudia A.
Published: April 2015

Review: 266 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Solar Photocatalysis: Materials, Reactors, Some Commercial, and Pre‐industrialized Applications. A Comprehensive Approach
Authors: Spasiano Danilo , Marotta Raffaele , Malato Sixto , Fernandez‐Ibanez Pilar , Di Somma Ilaria
Published: April 2015

Review: 257 refs.
Meaning and Measurability of Single‐Ion Activities, the Thermodynamic Foundations of pH, and the Gibbs Free Energy for the Transfer of Ions between Dissimilar Materials
Authors: Rockwood Alan L.
Published: April 2015

Considering the relationship between concentration and vapor pressure (or the relationship between concentration and fugacity) single‐ion activity coefficients are definable in purely thermodynamic terms. The measurement process involves measuring a contact potential between a solution and an external electrode. Contact potentials are measurable by using thermodynamically reversible processes. Extrapolation of an equation to zero concentration and ionic strength enables determination of single‐ion activity coefficients. Single‐ion activities can be defined and measured without using any extra‐thermodynamic assumptions, concepts, or measurements. This method could serve as a gold standard for the validation of extra‐thermodynamic methods for determining single‐ion activities. Furthermore, it places the concept of pH on a thermodynamically solid foundation. Contact potential measurements can also be used to determine the Gibbs free energy for the transfer of ions between dissimilar materials.
Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Prenucleation Clusters, Classical and Non‐Classical Nucleation
Authors: Zahn Dirk
Published: April 2015

Recent observations of prenucleation species and multi‐stage crystal nucleation processes challenge the long‐established view on the thermodynamics of crystal formation. Here, we review and generalize extensions to classical nucleation theory. Going beyond the conventional implementation as has been used for more than a century now, nucleation inhibitors, precursor clusters and non‐classical nucleation processes are rationalized as well by analogous concepts based on competing interface and bulk energy terms. This is illustrated by recent examples of species formed prior to/instead of crystal nucleation and multi‐step nucleation processes. Much of the discussed insights were obtained from molecular simulation using advanced sampling techniques, briefly summarized herein for both nucleation‐controlled and diffusion‐controlled aggregate formation.
The Effect of the Bi Precursors, (CH3)3Bi and (C2H5)3Bi, on the Metal‐Organic Vapor Phase Epitaxy of GaAs1‐yBiy Films
Authors: Forghani Kamran , Guan Yingxin , Wood Adam , Babock Susan , Mawst Luke , Kuech Thomas F.
Published: April 2015

This study compares the effectiveness of two Bi sources, trimethyl bismuth (TMBi) and triethyl bismuth (TEBi), in the growth of GaAs1‐yBiy thin films. Through optimization of the growth conditions, GaAs1‐yBiy‐GaAs heterostructures with high lateral homogeneity of Bi are grown. TEBi results in a lower carbon concentration than is typical of methyl‐based compounds when used at low growth temperatures. These findings suggest the process of Bi incorporation proceeds more efficiently using the TEBi precursor. These studies do not show noticeable growth rate reduction under the dilute flows of TMBi and TEBi, however at high Bi source flux, a growth rate drop was observed for both sources.
Proportional fairness: more secrets revealed
Authors: Dalalah Doraid
Published: April 2015

In this paper, the resource allocation problem in a general network configuration is addressed. In particular, we will present a distributed solution algorithm in one the hand, followed by the exact set of equations that solves for (p,1)‐proportionally fair allocation in an attempt to express the network optimal rates in a closed form on the other hand. First, the problem is presented as an optimization model that maximizes the social utility of the network. A duality approach is used to solve the network model in a timely synchronized iterative manner. Next, the exact analytical variant of the model is presented showing its equivalence to the numerical solution. The analytical model relies on the pattern of bottlenecks inside the network, which can be found using a weighted progressive filling. Such a pattern will help in finding the exact analytical set of equations that solves for proportionally fair rates for any network configuration.

Closed‐form solutions are now computed for different networks including well‐known configurations such as linear, grid, and cyclic networks. Different simulation experiments are conducted along with the solution of standard optimization solvers. The results of the simulation, the solvers, and the analytical solutions coincide and present the same allocation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CAKA: a novel cache‐aware K‐anycast routing scheme for publish/subscribe‐based information‐centric network
Authors: Ren Jing , Lu Kejie , Tang Fei , Wang Jin , Wang Jianping , Wang Sheng , Liu Shucheng
Published: April 2015

In the past few years, many publish/subscribe‐based information‐centric network (PS‐ICN) architectures have been proposed and investigated to efficiently deliver information from content publishers to subscribers. However, most existing studies on PS‐ICN have not considered how to utilize in‐network caches, which is a common but important feature in ICN. To address this issue, in this paper, we propose a novel cache‐aware K‐anycast routing scheme, namely, CAKA, that can significantly improve the performance of content delivery. Specifically, we choose PURSUIT, which is one of the most important PS‐ICN architectures, and leverage its bidirectional communication procedure to do the following: (1) enable multiple publishers to send probing messages to the same subscriber; and (2) allow the subscriber to retrieve content objects using K‐anycast routing and network coding. In this study, we extend the PURSUIT protocol to support cache‐aware K‐anycast routing and design the algorithms to choose multiple partially disjointed paths for probing, and to select paths for content retrieval. To evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme, we develop not only a simulation testbed, but also a prototype running in a realistic network environment. Our studies show that the proposed scheme can significantly reduce the average hops to retrieve content objects, with very small overheads. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Animals may act as social buffers: Skin conductance arousal in children with autism spectrum disorder in a social context
Authors: O'Haire Marguerite E. , McKenzie Samantha J. , Beck Alan M. , Slaughter Virginia
Published: April 2015

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience high rates of social stress and anxious arousal. Preliminary evidence suggests that companion animals can act as buffers against the adverse effects of social stress in adults. We measured continuous physiological arousal in children with ASD and typically developing (TD) children in a social context during four conditions: (a) a baseline of reading silently, (b) a scripted classroom activity involving reading aloud, (c) free play with peers and toys, and (d) free play with peers and animals (guinea pigs). Our results confirmed heightened arousal among children with ASD compared to TD children in all conditions, except when the animals were present. Children with ASD showed a 43% decrease in skin conductance responses during free play with peers in the presence of animals, compared to toys. Thus, animals may act as social buffers for children with ASD, conferring unique anxiolytic effects. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 57: 584–595, 2015.