bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Near‐Intrinsic Photo‐ and Electroluminescence from Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Thin Films on BCB‐Passivated Surfaces
Authors: Zorn Nicolas Frederic , Settele Simon , Zhao Shen , Lindenthal Sebastian , El Yumin Abdurrahman Ali , Wedl Tim , Li Han , Flavel Benjamin Scott , Högele Alexander , Zaumseil Jana
Published: April 2023

Their outstanding electrical and optical properties make semiconducting single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) highly suitable for charge transport and emissive layers in near‐infrared optoelectronic devices. However, the luminescence spectra of SWCNT thin films on commonly used glass and Si/SiO2 substrates are often compromised by broadening of the main excitonic emission and unwanted low‐energy sidebands. Surface passivation with a commercially available, low dielectric constant, cross‐linked bis‐benzocyclobutene‐based polymer (BCB) enhances the emission properties of SWCNTs to the same level as hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) flakes do. The presence of BCB suppresses sideband emission, especially from the Y1 band, which is attributed to defects introduced by the interaction of the nanotube lattice with oxygen‐containing terminal groups of the substrate surface. The facile and reproducible deposition of homogeneous BCB films over large areas combined with their resistance against common solvents and chemicals employed during photolithography make them compatible with standard semiconductor device fabrication. Utilizing this approach, light‐emitting (6,5) SWCNT network field‐effect transistors are fabricated on BCB‐treated glass substrates with excellent electrical characteristics and near‐intrinsic electroluminescence. Hence, passivation with BCB is proposed as a standard treatment for substrates used for spectroscopic investigations of and optoelectronic devices with SWCNTs and other low‐dimensional emitters.
Circulating Cell‐Free DNAs as a Biomarker and Therapeutic Target for Acetaminophen‐Induced Liver Injury
Authors: Sun Madi , Chen Peiyu , Xiao Kai , Zhu Xiang , Zhao Zhibin , Guo Chenyang , He Xuan , Shi Tongfei , Zhong Qingguo , Jia Yong , Tao Yu , Li Mingqiang , Leong Kam W. , Shao Dan
Published: April 2023

Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is a leading cause of drug‐induced liver injury and acute liver failure, while the detection, prognosis prediction, and therapy for APAP‐induced liver injury (AILI) remain improved. Here, it is determined that the temporal pattern of circulating cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) is strongly associated with damage and inflammation parameters in AILI. CfDNA is comparable to alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in predicting mortality and outperformed ALT when combined with ALT in AILI. The depletion of cfDNA or neutrophils alleviates liver damage, while the addition of cfDNA or adoptive transfer of neutrophils exacerbates the damage. The combination of DNase I and N‐acetylcysteine attenuates AILI significantly. This study establishes that cfDNA is a mechanistic biomarker to predict mortality in AILI mice. The combination of scavenging cfDNA and reducing oxidative damage provides a promising treatment for AILI.
Super‐Elastic Carbonized Mushroom Aerogel for Management of Uncontrolled Hemorrhage
Authors: Yang Ganghua , Huang Zhenzhen , McCarthy Alec , Huang Yueyue , Pan Jingye , Chen Shixuan , Wan Wenbing
Published: April 2023

Uncontrolled hemorrhage is still the most common cause of potentially preventable death after trauma in prehospital settings. However, there rarely are hemostatic materials that can achieve safely and efficiently rapid hemostasis simultaneously. Here, new carbonized cellulose‐based aerogel hemostatic material is developed for the management of noncompressible torso hemorrhage, the most intractable issue of uncontrolled hemorrhage. The carbonized cellulose aerogel is derived from theAgaricus bisporusafter a series of processing, including cutting, carbonization, purification, and freeze‐drying. In vitro, the carbonized cellulose aerogels with porous structure show improved hydrophilicity, good blood absorption, and coagulation ability, rapid shape recoverable ability under wet conditions. And in vivo, the carbonized aerogels show effective hemostatic ability in both small and big animal serious hemorrhage models. The amount of blood loss and the hemostatic time of carbonized aerogels are all better than the positive control group. Moreover, the mechanism studies reveal that the good hemostatic ability of the carbonized cellulose aerogel is associated with high hemoglobin binding efficiency, red blood cell absorption, and platelets absorption and activation. Together, the carbonized aerogel developed in this study could be promising for the management of uncontrolled hemorrhage.
Cation‐Selective Interface for Kinetically Enhanced Dendrite‐Free Zn Anodes
Authors: Huo Xiaomei , Xu Longhua , Xie Keyu , Zhang Kun , Li Jing , Wang Donghui , Shu Kaiqian
Published: April 2023

The Zn anode in aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) is severely impeded by uncontrolled dendrite growth and promiscuous water‐induced side reactions, resulting in low Coulombic efficiency (CE) and poor lifetime. Herein, a versatile Zn‐based laponite (Zn–LT) interface is constructed for uniform and rapid Zn deposition for long‐life AZIBs. The combined experimental results and theoretical simulations reveal that the abundant negatively charged channels in the Zn–LT layer permit cation penetration but shield anions to uniformly modulate Zn deposition. Moreover, Zn–LT not only acts as a desolvation layer to promote Zn deposition kinetics, but also effectively inhibit harmful Zn anode corrosion. Therefore, the functional Zn–LT interface enables the anode to deliver an average CE as high as 99.8% at 1 mA cm−2 and a long lifespan of >830 h at 10 mA cm−2 and 5 mA h cm−2. Moreover, the assembled MnO2||Zn–LT@Zn full battery exhibits prominent rate performance (123 mA h g−1 at 2 A g−1) and long‐term cycling stability (80.4% capacity retention at 1 A g−1 after 700 cycles). Furthermore, the fabrication of this Zn‐LT@Zn anode can be extended to rolling method, reflecting the industrial manufacturing potential.
Modulating the Proton‐Conducting Lanes in Spinel ZnMn2O4through Off‐Stoichiometry
Authors: Qin Runzhi , Ding Shouxiang , Hou Chenxin , Liu Lele , Wang Yuetao , Zhao Wenguang , Yao Lu , Shao Yuanlong , Zou Ruqiang , Zhao Qinghe , Li Shunning , Pan Feng
Published: April 2023

The intercalation of protons represents a notable component for energy storage in aqueous zinc‐ion batteries. However, the mechanism of proton transport in metal oxide cathodes, especially related to how the cation distribution modulates the proton‐conducting lanes, remains far from consensus due to the lack of suitable model materials. Here, taking spinel ZnMn2O4cathode as a prototype, it is disclosed that a deficiency of one half of lattice Zn ions can triple its specific capacity at high rates, which is predominantly contributed by proton storage. This promotion can be rationalized by the emergence of facile concerted proton transport in the Zn‐deficient sample, contrasting with the stoichiometric one, where proton intercalation undergoes a slow consecutive process. Furthermore, the restricted Zn motion in spinel phase causes high structural stability during cycling, preventing the recombination of external Zn ions with Zn vacant sites that readily accommodate protons. This work highlights the key role of controlled off‐stoichiometry in optimizing proton transport and storage for aqueous batteries.
Rational Design of Fluorinated Electrolytes for Low Temperature Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yoo Dong‐Joo , Liu Qian , Cohen Orion , Kim Minkyu , Persson Kristin A. , Zhang Zhengcheng
Published: April 2023

Nonaqueous carbonate electrolytes are commonly used in commercial lithium‐ion battery (LIB). However, the sluggish Li+diffusivity and high interfacial charge transfer resistance at low temperature (LT) limit their wide adoption among geographical areas with high latitudes and altitudes. Herein, a rational design of new electrolytes is demonstrated, which can significantly improve the low temperature performance below −20 °C. This electrolyte is achieved by tailoring the chemical structure, i.e., altering the fluorination position and the degree of fluorination, of ethyl acetate solvent. It is found that fluorination adjacent to the carbonyl group or high degree of fluorination leads to a stronger electron‐withdrawing effect, resulting in low atomic charge on the carbonyl oxygen solvating sites, and thus low binding energies with Li+ions at LT. The optimal electrolyte 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl acetate (EA‐f) shows significantly improved cycle life and C‐rate of a NMC622/graphite cell when cycled at −20 °C and −40 °C, respectively. In addition to superior LT performance, the electrolyte is nonflammable and tolerant for high voltage charging all owing to its fluorine content. This work provides guidance in designing next‐generation electrolytes to address the critical challenge at subzero temperatures.
Dynamic Galvanic Corrosion of Working Lithium Metal Anode Under Practical Conditions
Authors: Ding Jun‐Fan , Xu Rui , Xiao Ye , Zhang Shuo , Song Ting‐Lu , Yan Chong , Huang Jia‐Qi
Published: April 2023

The practical deployment of lithium metal anodes in rechargeable batteries has been significantly restricted by poor electrochemical performance, which largely stemms from their high susceptibility to corrosion. Inan effort to complete the real picture of Li corrosion pathways, in this contribution, a dynamic galvanic corrosion mechanism under realistic working conditions is described, through which an extended solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is progressively generated on the successively exposed copper substrate during the dynamic Li removal process. As determined by the titration gas chromatography method, the dynamic galvanic corrosion reaction is unveiled to induce an unfavorable extra Li loss and hence a reduced cell reversibility, especially at sluggish Li stripping rates. Systematic investigations reveal that three critical factors, including total step length of Li stripping, dynamic corrosion current (icorrosion) degradation speed, and SEI chemistry, are responsible form odulating the extent of dynamic galvanic corrosion in practical batteries. This work provides an important complement to current knowledge regarding the corrosion processes of working Li metal anodes, affording fresh insights into the design strategies toward high‐reversibility Li cycling.
Solvent‐Assisted Hydrothermal Deposition Approach for Highly‐Efficient Sb2(S,Se)3 Thin‐Film Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Xueling , Che Bo , Zhao Yuqi , Wang Shaoying , Li Hu , Gong Junbo , Chen Guilin , Chen Tao , Xiao Xudong , Li Jianmin
Published: April 2023

Antimony chalcogenides (Sb2(SxSe1−x)3, 0 < x < 1) have recently gained popularity due to their excellent photoelectric properties. As a newcomer to thin‐film solar cells, the quality of the as‐prepared absorb layer remains the most difficult challenge, owing to its distinct crystal structure. Here, a solvent‐assisted hydrothermal deposition (SHD) technique is developed for direct deposition of high‐quality Sb2(S,Se)3 films; it is realized that the addition of ethanol can regulate the reaction kinetics by regulating the concentration of the Sb source during the deposition procedure. Impressively, under such conditions, the deposition rate of the target absorb layer slows dramatically, resulting in more suitable features, such as large grain size, smooth surface, and proper bandgap, which are beneficial for constructing high performance solar devices. More importantly, using this newly developed SHD strategy, the defect (SbS1) density of the prepared films decreases by more than one order of magnitude, which is believed to benefit carrier transport. As a result, Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cells based on the SHD strategy significantly improve fill factor and short‐circuit current density, yielding a high efficiency of 10.75%. This research offers fresh insights into how to make Sb2(S,Se)3 films and solar cells of higher quality.
Insertion of MXene‐Based Materials into Cu–Pd 3D Aerogels for Electroreduction of CO2to Formate
Authors: Abdinejad Maryam , Subramanian Siddhartha , Motlagh Mozhgan Khorasani , Noroozifar Meissam , Duangdangchote Salatan , Neporozhnii Ihor , Ripepi Davide , Pinto Donato , Li Mengran , Tang Keith , Middelkoop Joost , Urakawa Atsushi , Voznyy Oleksandr , Kraatz Heinz‐Bernhard , Burdyny Thomas
Published: April 2023

The electrochemical CO2reduction reaction (CO2RR) is an attractive method to produce renewable fuel and chemical feedstock using clean energy sources. Formate production represents one of the most economical target products from CO2RR but is primarily produced using post‐transition metal catalysts that require comparatively high overpotentials. Here a composition of bimetallic Cu–Pd is formulated on 2D Ti3C2Tx(MXene) nanosheets that are lyophilized into a highly porous 3D aerogel, resulting in formate production much more efficient than post‐transition metals. Using a membrane electrode assembly (MEA), formate selectivities >90% are achieved with a current density of 150 mA cm−2resulting in the highest ever reported overall energy efficiency of 47% (cell potentials of −2.8 V), over 5 h of operation. A comparable Cu‐Pd aerogel achieves near‐unity CO production without the MXene templating. This simple strategy represents an important step toward the experimental demonstration of 3D‐MXenes‐based electrocatalysts for CO2RR application and opens a new platform for the fabrication of macroscale aerogel MXene‐based electrocatalysts.
Rapid airway stenosis due to ruptured occipital artery in a patient with neurofibromatosis type I
Authors: Ando Hirotaka , Goto Takeshi , Ito Keisuke , Ikebe Dai , Tanno Shogo , Matsukubo Shohei , Koide Hirohumi , Abe Toshikazu
Published: April 2023

Background

Neurofibromatosis type I is rarely associated with vascular abnormalities. Here, we report a case of rapid airway stenosis caused by a ruptured occipital artery that was treated with surgical airway management.

Case Presentation

A 40‐year‐old woman, with no medical history, presented with a chief complaint of a sudden neck pain on the left side. She had a prominent mass in the outer left side of the neck. After arrival at the emergency room, the patient complained of severe dyspnea and experienced a rapid drop in oxygen saturation. Supplemental ventilation was ineffective, and tracheal intubation was attempted; however, laryngeal expansion could not be observed because of the enlarged cervical mass. Therefore, to manage the surgical airway, a cricothyrotomy was first carried out, which resulted in an immediate increase in oxygen saturation. Two percutaneous embolizations and one surgical procedure were carried out, and the patient was discharged without any complications.

Conclusion

For a sudden onset cervical mass, airway management should be undertaken, keeping in mind the possibility of worsening rapid airway narrowing due to bleeding.
Impact of Clinician Training Background and Stroke Location on Bedside Diagnostic Test Accuracy in the Acute Vestibular Syndrome – A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Tarnutzer Alexander A. , Gold Daniel , Wang Zheyu , Robinson Karen A. , Kattah Jorge C. , Mantokoudis Georgios , Saber Tehrani Ali S. , Zee David S. , Edlow Jonathan A. , Newman‐Toker David E.
Published: April 2023

Objective

Acute dizziness/vertigo is usually due to benign inner‐ear causes but is occasionally due to dangerous neurologic ones, particularly stroke. Because symptoms and signs overlap, misdiagnosis is frequent and overuse of neuroimaging is common. We assessed the accuracy of bedside findings to differentiate peripheral vestibular from central neurologic causes.

Methods

We performed a systematic search (MEDLINE and Embase) to identify studies reporting on diagnostic accuracy of physical examination in adults with acute, prolonged dizziness/vertigo (“acute vestibular syndrome” [AVS]). Diagnostic test properties were calculated for findings. Results were stratified by examiner type and stroke location.

Results

We identified 6,089 citations and included 14 articles representing 10 study cohorts (n = 800). The Head Impulse, Nystagmus, Test of Skew (HINTS) eye movement battery had high sensitivity 95.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 92.5–98.1) and specificity 92.6% (95% CI = 88.6–96.5). Sensitivity was similar by examiner type (subspecialists 94.3% [95% CI = 88.2–100.0] vs non‐subspecialists 95.0% [95% CI = 91.2–98.9],p = 0.55), but specificity was higher among subspecialists (97.6% [95% CI = 94.9–100.0] vs 89.1% [95% CI = 83.0–95.2],p = 0.007). HINTS sensitivity was lower in anterior cerebellar artery (AICA) than posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) strokes (84.0% [95% CI = 65.3–93.6] vs 97.7% [95% CI = 93.3–99.2],p = 0.014) but was “rescued” by the addition of bedside hearing tests (HINTS+). Severe (grade 3) gait/truncal instability had high specificity 99.2% (95% CI = 97.8–100.0) but low sensitivity 35.8% (95% CI = 5.2–66.5). Early magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI; within 24–48 hours) was falsely negative in 15% of strokes (sensitivity 85.1% [95% CI = 79.2–91.0]).

Interpretation

In AVS, HINTS examination by appropriately trained clinicians can differentiate peripheral from central causes and has higher diagnostic accuracy for stroke than MRI‐DWI in the first 24–48 hours. These techniques should be disseminated to all clinicians evaluating dizziness/vertigo. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:295–308
Machine learning method for determining chemical vapor deposition conditions for large‐area graphene growth
Authors: Yoshihara Naoki , Tahara Yuya , Noda Masaru
Published: April 2023

The synthesis of wafer‐scale single‐crystal graphene sheets has become essential to realize future electronic device applications. To synthesize large‐area boundary‐free graphene, it is effective to use chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on copper (Cu) surfaces that possess a thin oxide layer. In this study, we constructed machine learning (ML) modeling to design experimental CVD conditions for the formation of large‐area graphene. The constructed ML model predicted the graphene domain size from the experimental CVD growth conditions and the spectral information of the Cu surface. Furthermore, we demonstrated the formation of large‐area graphene domain on the Cu surface using the CVD conditions determined by the constructed ML model, which provided faster graphene growth compared to previously reported strategies.
Ebony plays an important role in egg hatching and 30k protein expression of silkworm (Bombyx mori)
Authors: Sun Juan , Zheng Xin , Ouyang Gui , Qian Heying , Chen Anli
Published: April 2023

QiufengN is a silkworm strain. During the feeding process of QiufengN, a mutant of black pupal cuticle QiufengNBP was found. Some silkworm pupae of the mutant were unable to easily molt during pupation, and some silkworm eggs produced by developed normally but larvae were unable to break out of the eggshells. These phenomena had not been observed in other black pupa mutants. Genetic analysis showed that the melanization trait of QiufengNBP is controlled by a recessive gene located on the autosome and follows Mendelian inheritance. Results of positional cloning and qRT‐PCR showed that the occurrence of black pupae was caused by the mutation of the ebony gene on chromosome 26. 2‐DE analysis of the pupal cuticle of QiufengN and QiufengNBP found that the 30K protein, the main storage protein for the growth and development of silkworms and an important energy substance for embryonic development, has changed significantly. In addition, the expression level of Bombyx mori hatching enzyme (BmHEL), which can soften the eggshell during the hatching process of silkworm, was significantly higher in the eggs of black pupae before and after hatching than in normal eggs. The mutation of ebony makes hatching difficult for silkworms, and increases in BmHEL is needed to soften the eggshell. This study showed that ebony may have important effects on the formation of silkworm pigment and egg hatching, and its formation mechanism is complex and deserves further study.
Leveraging baseline covariates to analyze small cluster‐randomized trials with a rare binary outcome
Authors: Zhu Angela Y. , Mitra Nandita , Hemming Karla , Harhay Michael O. , Li Fan
Published: April 2023

Cluster‐randomized trials (CRTs) involve randomizing entire groups of participants—called clusters—to treatment arms but are often comprised of a limited or fixed number of available clusters. While covariate adjustment can account for chance imbalances between treatment arms and increase statistical efficiency in individually randomized trials, analytical methods for individual‐level covariate adjustment in small CRTs have received little attention to date. In this paper, we systematically investigate, through extensive simulations, the operating characteristics of propensity score weighting and multivariable regression as two individual‐level covariate adjustment strategies for estimating the participant‐average causal effect in small CRTs with a rare binary outcome and identify scenarios where each adjustment strategy has a relative efficiency advantage over the other to make practical recommendations. We also examine the finite‐sample performance of the bias‐corrected sandwich variance estimators associated with propensity score weighting and multivariable regression for quantifying the uncertainty in estimating the participant‐average treatment effect. To illustrate the methods for individual‐level covariate adjustment, we reanalyze a recent CRT testing a sedation protocol in 31 pediatric intensive care units.
World society and the convergence of consumer values: Buying patterns of eco‐certification in the UAE
Authors: Mook Anne , Overdevest Christine , Lusk Jeniece
Published: April 2023

Eco‐certifications offer consumers the opportunity to vote with their money for more sustainable methods of production. While consumer‐facing eco‐labels are mostly recognized and consumed in western countries little is known about their performance in expat societies. This study applies world society theory to a sample of Arab, Western, and South Asian United Arab Emirates (UAE) residents to test whether globalization causes assimilation of familiarity, attitudes, and buying frequencies for major eco‐labels. The results show that respondents with Western ethnicities are more familiar with eco‐certifications. However, Arab, and South‐Asian citizens report similar or higher levels of importance for the purported benefits of eco‐certifications. Among respondents familiar with eco‐certification, we found no differences in buying frequency by ethnic group. Findings related to ethnicity support world society theory because social, environmental, and quality ideals converge among different ethnic groups in the UAE.
Religion, religiosity and spirituality: Conceptual differences in Brazilian psychotherapists' point of view
Authors: da Cunha Vivian Fukumasu , Feliciano Thayná Andressa Soares , Scorsolini‐Comin Fabio
Published: April 2023

The study aimed at identifying conceptions of Brazilian psychotherapists about “religion,” “religiosity” and “spirituality.” This is an exploratory study with a qualitative approach. Twenty‐four psychotherapists from two cities, one in the state of São Paulo and the other in the state of Minas Gerais, with a mean of 10.54 years in clinical practice, participated in the study. The participants completed a semistructured interview, and the data were organised through content analysis. It was identified that the participants have vague or incomplete knowledge about these concepts and their differences when comparing the Psychology and Health literature. This seems to be justified by the historical–scientific social context of the training process and by the fact that they do not always attribute real importance to the theoretical precision of these terms in clinical management with their patients. The absence of more precise definitions and discussions of these concepts and terms can increase the chances of the issue being neglected or infrequently addressed in sessions. This can affect the performance, the bond with the patient and the behaviour itself in sessions.
Anti‐Alzheimer's Activity of Polyphenolic Stilbene‐Rich Acetone Fraction of the Oil‐Removed Seeds of Passiflora edulis: in Vivo and in Silico Studies
Authors: Mostefa Nadjet , Djebli Noureddine , Khanh Pham Ngoc , Ha Nguyen Xuan , Anh Hoang Thi Ngoc , Ha Vu Thi , Huong Tran Thu , Anh Dang Viet , Cuong Nguyen Manh
Published: April 2023

The stilbene‐rich acetone fraction in high yield (6.6 %, PEAS) of Passiflora edulis Sims was prepared and evaluated for neuroprotective activity in murine Alzheimer's disease model induced by aluminum chloride and D‐galactose. The phytochemical and HPLC‐DAD‐MS analysis of the polyphenolic stilbene‐rich acetone fraction showed that it contained different stilbenes including trans‐piceatannol, scirpusins A−B and cassigarol E. The total phenolic content (TPC) of PEAS was 413.87±1.71 mg GAE eqv/g. The neuroprotective activity of PEAS is typically presented in the Morris water maze‐reference Spatial Memory test, where the Alzheimer's mice treated at 100 mg/kg (Alz‐ED1) and 200 mg/kg (Alz‐ED2) spent less than 47 % and 66 % of the time, respectively, than the Alzheimer's model mice (Alz). Two simple stilbenes, trans‐piceatannol and trans‐resveratrol, showed selectively inhibitory activity in silico against acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Two stilbene dimers, cassigarol E and scirpusin A, exhibited low nanomolar inhibitory potential against AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), significantly lower than those of the positive control, donepezil and tacrine. These findings suggest that the stilbenes from P. edulis seeds, particularly the stilbene dimers, warrant further investigation as potential neuroprotective candidates in the prevention of cognitive deficits associated with Alzheimer's disease.
Design, Synthesis, and Insecticidal Activities of Novel N‐Pyridylpyrazole Amide Derivatives Containing a Maleimide
Authors: Zhang Lu , Kong Yijin , Shao Xusheng , Li Zhong
Published: April 2023

To discover ‘me‐better’ insecticidal active molecules targeting ryanodine receptors (RyRs), a series of novel N‐pyridylpyrazole amide derivatives containing a maleimide were designed and synthesized in accordance with the prior investigations of our group. Preliminary bioassay findings indicated some compounds containing a maleimide exhibited good larvicidal activities against lepidopteran pests at a concentration of 500 mg L−1. Compound 9 j showed 60 % larvicidal activities against M. Separata at 50 mg L−1. Compound 9 b exhibited 40 % larvicidal activities against P. xylostella at 50 mg L−1. Molecular docking study indicated that H‐bonds, π–π interaction and cation‐π interaction made for the binding of compounds 9 b, 9 j with P. Xylostella RyR. These results indicated that compounds 9 b and 9 j could be developed as novel and promising insecticidal leads.
Electrochemical CO2 Reduction over In Alloy Electrodes and Depth‐Profiled Interfacial Electronic Structures
Authors: Yang Seo Young , Maeng Ju Young , Hwang Seon Young , Eun Park Go , Rhee Choong Kyun , Sohn Youngku
Published: April 2023

Indium (In) in the p‐block of the periodic table has demonstrated a high Faradaic efficiency (FE) for formate production in electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (EC CO2 RR). Therefore, In‐based alloys have been extensively employed to improve performance. However, the effects of alterations in surface elemental composition and interfacial electronic structure have not been investigated in detail. In this study, we introduced In and In‐based alloys (InGaAg, InSn, and InSnBi) electrodes for EC CO2 RR. The experimental conditions employed in the demonstrated tests encompass various factors, such as applied potentials, electrolytes and their concentrations, as well as the effects of light, including UV and infrared light radiation. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy confirmed formate production with high FE (97.7 %) and selectivity (98.5 %). Minor amounts of CO, CH4, and H2 were also detected by gas chromatography. Depth‐profiling X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to examine the effects of alloying, potential‐induced exposed surface elemental compositions, and interfacial electronic structures. The study found that the elemental distribution was substantially altered after EC CO2 RR. These unique results provide valuable information for the improvement and theoretical modeling of In‐based alloy electrocatalysts for CO2 recycling.
Revealing the Surface Species Evolution on Low‐loading Platinum in an Electrochemical Redox Reaction by Operando Ambient‐Pressure X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Authors: Yang Chueh‐Cheng , Tsai Meng‐Hsuan , Yang Zong‐Ren , Tseng Yuan‐Chieh , Wang Chia‐Hsin
Published: April 2023

The stability and activity of Platinum catalysts under the redox process are the key parameters affecting catalytic performance. Here, we investigated the surface species evolution of low‐loading Pt catalyst deposited on a Nafion membrane through e‐beam deposition during redox reactions by using in situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) combined with a static electrochemical cell. Operando ambient‐pressure XPS measurement revealed the oxide species (Ptδ+, Pt2+, and Pt4+) evolution over different potentials in the water layer constructed by an acid solution. The amount of Pt2+ increased with an increment of the anodic potential, whereas Pt4+ suddenly formed when the threshold voltage of the oxygen evolution reaction was crossed. Hysteresis of Pt2+ was revealed as Pt4+ was completely reduced when returning to the open circuit potential. Incorporating depth‐profiling studies enabled us to uncover the mechanism of oxide species evolution between the surface and subsurface of the Pt catalyst during a redox reaction.
Systematic reviewers' perspectives on sharing review data, analytic code, and other materials: A survey
Authors: Nguyen Phi‐Yen , McKenzie Joanne E. , Hamilton Daniel G. , Moher David , Tugwell Peter , Fidler Fiona M. , Haddaway Neal R. , Higgins Julian P. T. , Kanukula Raju , Karunananthan Sathya , Maxwell Lara J. , McDonald Steve , Nakagawa Shinichi , Nunan David , Welch Vivian A. , Page Matthew J.
Published: April 2023

Background

There are many benefits of sharing data, analytic code, and other materials, yet these items are infrequently shared among systematic reviews (SRs). It is unclear which factors influence authors' decisions to share data, code, or materials when publishing their SRs. Therefore, we aimed to explore systematic reviewers' perspectives on the importance of sharing review materials and factors that might influence such practices.

Methods

We searched PubMed for SRs published from January to April 2021, from which we randomly allocated 50% to this survey and 50% to another survey on the replication of SRs. We sent an electronic survey to authors of these SRs (n = 4671) using Qualtrics. Quantitative responses were summarized using frequency analysis. Free‐text answers were coded using an inductive approach.

Results

The response rate was 9% (n = 417). Most participants supported routine sharing of search strategies (84%) but fewer for analytic code (43%) or files documenting data preparation (38%). Most participants agreed that normative practices within the discipline were an important facilitator (78%). Major perceived barriers were lack of time (62%) and suitable sharing platforms (31%). Few participants were required by funders (19%) or institutions (17%) to share data, and only 12% of participants reported receiving training on data sharing. Commonly perceived consequences of data sharing were lost opportunities for future publications (50%), misuse of data (48%), and issues with intellectual property (40%). In their most recent reviews, participants who did not share data cited the lack of journal requirements (56%) or noted the review did not include any statistical analysis that required sharing (29%).

Conclusion

Certain types of review materials were considered unnecessary for sharing, despite their importance to the review's transparency and reproducibility. Structural barriers and concerns about negative consequences hinder data sharing among systematic reviewers. Normalization and institutional incentives are essential to promote data‐sharing practices in evidence‐synthesis research.
Systematic reviewers' perspectives on replication of systematic reviews: A survey
Authors: Nguyen Phi‐Yen , McKenzie Joanne E. , Hamilton Daniel G. , Moher David , Tugwell Peter , Fidler Fiona M. , Haddaway Neal R. , Higgins Julian P. T. , Kanukula Raju , Karunananthan Sathya , Maxwell Lara J. , McDonald Steve , Nakagawa Shinichi , Nunan David , Welch Vivian A. , Page Matthew J.
Published: April 2023

Background

Replication is essential to the scientific method. It is unclear what systematic reviewers think about the replication of systematic reviews (SRs). Therefore, we aimed to explore systematic reviewers' perspectives on (a) the definition and importance of SR replication; (b) incentives and barriers to conducting SR replication; and (c) a checklist to guide when to replicate an SR.

Methods

We searched PubMed for SRs published from January to April 2021, from which we randomly allocated 50% to this survey and 50% to another survey on data sharing in SRs. We sent an electronic survey to authors of these SRs (n = 4669) using Qualtrics. Quantitative responses were summarized using frequency analysis. Free‐text answers were coded using an inductive approach.

Results

The response rate was 9% (n = 409). Most participants considered “replication of SRs” as redoing an SR (68%) or reanalyzing originally collected data (61%), using the same or similar methods. Participants also considered updating an SR, either one's own (42%) or others (43%), equivalent to replication. Most participants agreed that replication of SRs is important (89%). Although 54% of participants reported having conducted a replication of a SR, only 22% have published a replication within 5 years. Those who published a replication (n = 89) often found their replication supported (47%) or expanded the generalizability of the original review (51%). The most common perceived barriers to replicating SRs were difficulty publishing (75%), less prestige (65%), fewer citations (56%), and less impact on career advancement (55%) compared to conducting an original SR. A checklist to assess the need for replication was deemed useful (79%) and easy to apply in practice (69%) by participants.

Conclusion

Reviewers have various perceptions of what constitutes a replication of SRs. Reviewers see replication as important and valuable but perceive several barriers to conducting replications. Institutional support should be better communicated to reviewers to address these perceptions.
Polythiophene Derivatives Carbonized Polymer Dots: Aggregation Induced Solid‐State Fluorescence Emission†
Authors: Li Jian , Zhao Fanghao , Nan Fuchun , Wang Jian , Zhang Yunxiu , Liang Ke , Xue Xiaokuang , Chen Tiejin , Kong Lin , Ge Jiechao , Wang Pengfei
Published: April 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Currently, solid‐state fluorescent carbonized polymer dots (CPDs) have attracted attention increasingly due to their applications for optoelectronic display. However, designing CPDs possessing solid‐state fluorescence and clarifying the fluorescence mechanism remain challenging. Herein, we initially synthesized a novel type of polythiophene derivatives CPDs, poly‐4,4’‐(thiophene‐3,4‐diyl)dibenzoic acid carbonized polymer dots (PDBA‐CPDs) with solid‐state fluorescence. Subsequently, the structural and optical characterization revealed that the solid‐state fluorescence originated from the aggregation induced emission of the CPDs. In brief, in aggregation state, the remaining polymer structure groups on the surface of the CPDs overlapped and weakened the non‐radiative transition, enhancing solid‐state fluorescence emission. Thirdly, three polythiophene‐derived CPDs were designed to further demonstrate the aggregation induced solid‐state fluorescence mechanism. Finally, owing to their unique properties of solid‐state fluorescence, the white LEDs (light emitting diodes) were fabricated with high color rendering index (CRI) of 82.7 and CIE coordinates of (0.37, 0.39) using commercial 460 nm chip. This work facilitates the development of CPDs’ solid‐state fluorescence mechanisms and advances the application of CPDs in the field of optoelectronics.
The Classification of Carbon Dots and the Relationship between Synthesis Methods and Properties
Authors: Zhao Xin‐Xiang , Tao Song‐Yuan , Yang Bai
Published: April 2023

Comprehensive Summary

The carbon dots (CDs), as emerging carbon based nanomaterials, are a kind of fluorescent materials with wide application prospects. Highly luminous CDs can simply be synthesized by a wide variety of easily accessible precursors. CDs have excellent optical properties, high biocompatibility and low toxicity, which makes them be used in the fields of optics, biology, energy, and so on. In this review, the classification, nomenclature, photoluminescence mechanism and property regulation of CDs are reviewed. Finally, the future research interests and potential challenges of CDs are prospected.
Divergent Synthesis of Organofluorinated Molecules from Titanium Mediated Deoxygenation of Free Alcohols
Authors: Tian Hongjun , Zhang Ruifeng , Shi Lei , Zhao Can , Wang Xiaoming
Published: April 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Alcohols as among the most widely occurring organic compounds known, deoxygenative transformations of free alcohols as partners in radical addition reactions remain formidable challenges with great opportunities to achieve new and useful transformations. Herein, we report a protocol via C—O bond cleavage and C—C bond‐forming reaction of trifluoromethyl alkenes with free alcohols assisted by titanium reagents via a deoxygenative radical strategy, enabling the divergent synthesis for functional‐group‐rich organofluorinated compounds in high efficiencies. In this transformation, tertiary alcohols by Ti‐catalysis could be converted to trifluoromethyl alkanes without defluorination in acidic conditions, while benzyl alcohols are employed by Ti‐mediated activation to supply the gem‐difluoroalkenes with defluorination in the presence of a base. This protocol is applicable for a broad range of trifluoromethyl alkenes with good functional group tolerance and a variety of tertiary alcohols and benzyl alcohols (including primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols), and is scalable to the gram level. Remarkably, the utility of this protocol is demonstrated by several derivatizations and late‐stage functionalization of drug molecules. The successful applications in scale up reactions and late‐stage functionalization of several drug molecules demonstrate its potential synthetic value in drug discovery settings.
Actin's C‐terminus coordinates actin structural changes and functions
Authors: Steffensen Karl E. , Dawson John F.
Published: April 2023

Actin is essential to eukaryotic cellular processes. Actin's C‐terminus appears to play a direct role in modulating actin's structure and properties, facilitating the binding and function of actin‐binding proteins (ABPs). The structural and functional characterization of filamentous actin's C‐terminus has been impeded by its inherent flexibility, as well as actin's resistance to crystallization for x‐ray diffraction and the historical resolution constraints associated with electron microscopy. Many biochemical studies have established that actin's C‐terminus must retain its flexibility and structural integrity to modulate actin's structure and functions. For example, C‐terminal structural changes are known to affect nucleotide binding and exchange, as well as propagate actin structural changes throughout extensive allosteric networks, facilitating the binding and function of ABPs. Advances in electron microscopy have resulted in high‐resolution structures of filamentous actin, providing insights into subtle structural changes that are mediated by actin's C‐terminus. Here, we review existing knowledge establishing the importance of actin's C‐terminus within actin structural changes and functions and discuss how modern structural characterization techniques provide the tools to understand the role of actin's C‐terminus in cellular processes.
Pharmacokinetics and Safety Evaluation of Maribavir in Healthy Japanese and Matched White Participants: A Phase 1, Open‐Label Study
Authors: Song Ivy , Suttle Ben , Wu Jingyang , Ilic Katarina
Published: April 2023

This phase I study compared pharmacokinetics and safety of maribavir in Japanese and White participants, and evaluated dose proportionality in Japanese participants. Under fasting conditions, 12 healthy adult participants of Japanese descent and 12 matched White participants received a single 400‐mg dose of maribavir. Japanese participants received 2 further doses of maribavir: 200 mg and 800 mg, or 800 mg and 200 mg, separated by a ≥72‐hour washout period. Serial blood samples were collected up to 24 hours after dosing for pharmacokinetic assessments. Following the 400‐mg dose, the geometric mean ratios (90% confidence interval) of Japanese versus White participants were 110% (91.7%–133%) for maximum plasma concentration, 122% (96.8%–155%) for area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) from time of dosing to the last measurable concentration, and 125% (98.0%–160%) for AUC extrapolated to infinity. In Japanese participants, maribavir AUC extrapolated to infinity and AUC from time of dosing to the last measurable concentration increased in a dose‐proportional fashion over 200–800 mg; maximum plasma concentration increased less than dose proportionally. Seven participants reported treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs; Japanese participants, 400 mg: 2 [16.7%], 200 mg: 1 [8.3%]; White participants, 400 mg: 4 [33.3%]), all mild and most commonly dysgeusia. No serious TEAEs or TEAEs leading to discontinuation were reported. This study demonstrated higher maribavir systemic exposure in Japanese than White participants and similar safety outcomes. This difference in exposure is not considered clinically important and its significance remains to be determined.
Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) Guideline for CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP2B6, SLC6A4, and HTR2A Genotypes and Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Antidepressants
Authors: Bousman Chad A. , Stevenson James M. , Ramsey Laura B. , Sangkuhl Katrin , Hicks J. Kevin , Strawn Jeffrey R. , Singh Ajeet B. , Ruaño Gualberto , Mueller Daniel J. , Tsermpini Evangelia Eirini , Brown Jacob T. , Bell Gillian C. , Leeder J. Steven , Gaedigk Andrea , Scott Stuart A. , Klein Teri E. , Caudle Kelly E. , Bishop Jeffrey R.
Published: April 2023

Serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs; i.e., citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, and sertraline), serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (i.e., desvenlafaxine, duloxetine, levomilnacipran, milnacipran, and venlafaxine), and serotonin modulators with SSRI‐like properties (i.e., vilazodone and vortioxetine) are primary pharmacologic treatments for major depressive and anxiety disorders. Genetic variation in CYP2D6, CYP2C19, and CYP2B6 influences the metabolism of many of these antidepressants, which may potentially affect dosing, efficacy, and tolerability. In addition, the pharmacodynamic genes SLC6A4 (serotonin transporter) and HTR2A (serotonin‐2A receptor) have been examined in relation to efficacy and side effect profiles of these drugs. This guideline updates and expands the 2015 Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guideline for CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genotypes and SSRI dosing and summarizes the impact of CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP2B6, SLC6A4, and HTR2A genotypes on antidepressant dosing, efficacy, and tolerability. We provide recommendations for using CYP2D6, CYP2C19, and CYP2B6 genotype results to help inform prescribing these antidepressants and describe the existing data for SLC6A4 and HTR2A, which do not support their clinical use in antidepressant prescribing.
Hydrogenation Influences on the Structural, Optical, and Insulating Properties of (Bi+Cr) Codoped Anatase TiO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Dakhel A. A.
Published: April 2023

This paper presents the investigation results for pure and (Bi/Cr) codoped TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized by using a hydrothermal precipitation technique. The synthesized NPs are characterized by using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and optical spectroscopy. The XRD patterns show a single anatase phase of an average nano‐crystallite size ≈6–9 nm. In addition, it was noticed that the hydrogenation of the NPs of the ceramic samples reduced the crystallite sizes due to the creation of O‐vacancies and microstrain. The optical absorption spectra show redshift of the bandgap. Moreover, an absorption hump in the high‐wavelength range of 630–800 nm is observed and attributed to the d‐d transitions in Cr3+ ions. Then, it is studied hydrogenation's significant effect on the absorption spectrum for λ > 370 nm, which attributes to the creation of a high density of point defects and structural microstrain that enhances the redshift of bandgap. The permittivity at 1 kHz of the prepared (Bi/Cr):TiO2 ceramic is found to be of large value (≈670), which is enhanced up to ≈103 by the hydrogenation. It is concluded that the hydrogenation in the present investigation supports the effects of the Bi3+ ions on the dielectric properties rather than that of Cr3+ ions, which mostly substitute the Ti ions (TiCr) due to the similarity of Ti3+ and Cr3+ ions. Thus, the measured dielectric constant of the hydrogenated sample [(Bi/Cr):TiO2‐H] is almost equal to that value of the host TiO2 doped with only Bi ions (Bi:TiO2). Moreover, it is concluded that the hydrogenation has a negligible effect on the effective polaron hopping energy, but increases the sample maximum barrier height (WM) by ≈55% causing an increase in the measured values of the permittivity.
Electric‐Field‐Induced Organic Transformations
Authors: Kareem Shaik , Vali Shaik Ramjan , Reddy B. V. Subba
Published: April 2023

Experiments showed that the existence of electric fields in non‐redox processes may alter the catalytic activity, rate enhancement, and selection of organic reactions. It is expected that the interaction between electric fields and chemical reactions will create new avenues for producing materials with desired properties in several chemical disciplines, including synthetic organic chemistry, catalysis, nanotechnology, membrane technology, and enzyme catalysis. Specifically, in this review, we discuss the elegant experimental investigations carried out using the scanning tunneling microscope, the interfacial electric field, and designed local electric fields. The results of these studies are remarkable, leading to new information on the function of electric fields in controlling chemical reactivity and selectivity in different reactions and offering a glimpse of the great potential of electrostatic fields. This article not only presents the core concepts of field‐induced chemical transformations but also illustrates the potential use of electric field catalysis in chemistry and other fields.