bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Achieving nursing students' clinical practice hours during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Effects of alternative and nonstandard practicum methods
Authors: Song Min Kyung , Kim Ji‐Soo
Published: February 2023

Aim

The aim of this study is to examine nursing students' experiences of alternative and nonstandard practicum methods used during the Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID‐19) pandemic and the associations between these experiences and nursing students' anxiety with clinical decision‐making.

Background

Nursing students experiencing alternative clinical practice methods during the COVID19 pandemic have expressed regrets about being unable to experience direct nursing care and doubts about their clinical decision‐making in actual clinical settings as a nurse in the future.

Methods

Online surveys were distributed to 239 third‐year nursing students through a link in an email. Data were collected from December 2020 to January 2021.

Results

Approximately 80% of participants in the Fall 2020 semester experienced an alternative clinical practice method. The extent of time spent experiencing alternative clinical practice methods and satisfaction with the clinical practicum were associated with anxiety about clinical decision‐making.

Conclusions

Although the pandemic continues, nursing students' clinical practice is needed in a clinical setting as much as possible to reduce the anxiety about clinical decision‐making. During the pandemic, clinical nurse educators and clinical managers should work and communicate more closely to facilitate the students' clinical practice.
Are childhood oral health behaviours and experiences associated with dental anxiety in adolescence?
Authors: Clow Jennifer , Northstone Kate , Hardwick Constance , Dermont Mark , Dudding Tom
Published: February 2023

Background

Dental anxiety is associated with untreated dental caries. Understanding which childhood behaviours or experiences have the strongest association with later dental anxiety may help focus preventive strategies, subsequently limiting the burden of dental caries and anxiety.

Aim

The aim of this study was to explore whether behaviours and experiences during childhood were associated with adolescent dental anxiety.

Design

Data were obtained from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Multivariable logistic regression was used to explore associations between adolescent dental anxiety and childhood behaviours and experiences. 1791 participants answered questions about oral health behaviours and experiences at 8 years of age and dental anxiety questions aged 17 years.

Results

Children with experience of invasive dental treatment were more likely to have dental anxiety at 17 years of age than those who had not experienced dental treatment (OR 1.63; 95% CI: 1.12, 2.37; p = .011). Irregular dental attenders in childhood had over three times the odds of dental anxiety by adolescence, compared with regular attenders (OR 3.67 95% CI: 1.52, 8.88; p = .004).

Conclusions

Adolescent dental anxiety is associated with invasive treatment and irregular dental attendance in childhood. A history of irregular attendance or invasive treatment may serve as a useful predictor when considering dental anxiety in young adult patients. Early preventive care supports good attendance and oral health. These actions may have secondary effects of reducing future dental anxiety.
Extracellular PPM1A promotes mineralization of osteoblasts differentiation in ankylosing spondylitis via the FOXO1A‐RUNX2 pathway
Authors: Weon Subin , Jo Sungsin , Nam Bora , Choi Sung Hoon , Park Ye‐Soo , Kim Yong‐Gil , Kim Tae‐Hwan
Published: February 2023

Protein phosphatase magnesium‐dependent 1A (PPM1A), serine/threonine protein phosphatase, in sera level was increased in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Preosteoblasts were differentiated actively to matured osteoblasts by intracellular PPM1A overexpression. However, it was unclear whether extracellular PPM1A contributes to the excessive bone‐forming activity in AS. Here, we confirmed that PPM1A and runt‐related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) were increased in facet joints of AS. During osteoblasts differentiation, exogenous PPM1A treatment showed increased matrix mineralization in AS‐osteoprogenitor cells accompanied by induction of RUNX2 and factor forkhead box O1A (FOXO1A) protein expressions. Moreover, upon growth condition, exogenous PPM1A treatment showed an increase in RUNX2 and FOXO1A protein expression and a decrease in phosphorylation at ser256 of FOXO1A protein in AS‐osteoprogenitor cells, and positively regulated promoter activity of RUNX2 protein‐binding motif. Mechanically, exogenous PPM1A treatment induced the dephosphorylation of transcription factor FOXO1A protein and translocation of FOXO1A protein into the nucleus for RUNX2 upregulation. Taken together, our results suggest that high PPM1A concentration promotes matrix mineralization in AS via the FOXO1A‐RUNX2 pathway.
The efficacy and safety of the high‐intensity parallel beam ultrasound device at the depth of 1.5 mm for skin tightening
Authors: Hongcharu Wichai , Boonchoo Kanjana , Gold Michael H.
Published: February 2023

Background

High‐intensity parallel beam ultrasound (US) is a novel device equipped with Synchronous Ultrasound Parallel Beam (SUPERB) technology applied in anti‐aging treatment. The system is aimed at pathways stimulating neocollagenesis and neoelastinogenesis in the dermis leading to skin tightening and rejuvenation.

Aims

Evaluate the efficacy and safety of the high‐intensity parallel beam US device at the depth of 1.5 mm for skin tightening treatment.

Methods

Thirty‐six participants were enrolled in the study. Digital photographs and Antera 3D photographs were taken at baseline, 1 and 3 months post‐treatment. The depression volume of nasolabial folds (NLFs) and marionette lines (MLs) in each visit was evaluated using Antera 3D imaging program. Pain was evaluated by pain measurement scales immediately after treatment. Any procedure related side effects were documented and examined.

Results

Post‐treatment results were compared to the baseline; statistically significant mean depression volume (MDV) change of NLFs and MLs were found at 1 and 3 months post‐treatment. No significant MDV change from 1 to 3 months post‐treatment could be demonstrated. The mean pain score was 6.64 on a 0–10 scale. No adverse events were reported.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrates that the novel high‐intensity parallel beam US device is clinically safe and effective for skin tightening in the lower face area. We noticed a reduction in NLFs and MLs in more than 60% of our participants already as early as 1 month post‐treatment.
Novel laser hair removal in all skin types
Authors: Gold Michael H. , Weiss Eduardo , Biron Julie
Published: February 2023

Background

Laser has been long accepted as a solution for excess or unwanted hair growth yet traditional lasers are not always ideal for safe and effective outcome for all skin types and hair characteristics. A diode laser module combining three wavelengths (755, 810, and 1064 nm) in a single pulse was developed to provide a fast and long‐term solution for subjects with various profiles.

Aims

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a Triple wavelength diode laser module for hair removal treatment in all skin types (Fitzpatrick I–VI).

Subjects and methods

This was a prospective, dual centered, single‐arm study. Subjects were treated with a novel diode laser module. Thirty‐six subjects were enrolled, sixteen with Fitzpatrick skin types I–IV (46%) and twenty with Fitzpatrick skin types V–VI (54%). Treatment areas were axilla and bikini lines. Subjects underwent 4 treatment sessions at 6 weeks ± 5 days intervals and attended a follow‐up visit 3 months after the last treatment session. 2D digital photographs were taken at baseline and at the follow‐up visit, and a hair count was conducted by three blinded evaluators.

Results

A significant reduction in hair count between baseline and the 3‐month follow‐up visit was observed in both axilla and bikini lines for all skin types. The mean hair reduction was 41.5 ± 19.4% and 48.1 ± 20.9% in the axilla and bikini line, respectively. A significant hair reduction was also observed within skin type groups; mean hair reduction 45.5 ± 16.9% and 40.3 ± 17.2% in skin types I–IV and V–VI, respectively, indicating similar efficacy for both light and dark skin types. No serious adverse events were reported.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that the Soprano Titanium laser platform is safe and effective for hair removal treatment in all skin types.
Determining the optimal initial dose for Japanese patients with nocturnal polyuria using an initial dose of desmopressin 50 μg
Authors: Kurose Hirofumi , Komiya Keisuke , Ogasawara Naoyuki , Ueda Kosuke , Chikui Katsuaki , Nishihara Kiyoaki , Nakiri Makoto , Matsuo Mitsunori , Suekane Shigetaka , Igawa Tsukasa
Published: February 2023

Objective

There is no consistent opinion on the optimal initial dose of desmopressin for patients with nocturnal polyuria. Over a period of 12 weeks, we investigated the safety and efficacy of an initial dose of 50 μg of desmopressin for elderly men.

Methods

Eighty patients (mean age: 78.8 years) were started on an initial dose of 50 μg of desmopressin for nocturia associated with nocturnal polyuria. Safety and efficacy were evaluated after 1, 4, and 12 weeks using a frequency‐volume chart, Athens Insomnia Scale, Patient Global Impression of Improvement scale, physical examination, blood tests, and a body composition analyzer.

Results

Along with reduction in the frequency and volume of night‐time urination, improvements in hours of undisturbed sleep, nocturnal polyuria index, and International Prostate Symptom Score, and Overactive Bladder Symptom Scores on quality of life measures were also observed. Hyponatremia was observed in 15 patients (18.7%). However, only 5.0% of patients had hyponatremia after the dose was reduced to 25 μg, and the continuation rate at 12 weeks was high at 87.5%. Age and other physical factors, such as body mass index, body water content, body fat mass, and muscle mass were not significant predictors of adverse events.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that an initial dose of 50 μg is more effective than a uniformly minimum dose based on factors such as age and physique. Furthermore, a high continuation rate can be achieved by appropriately reducing the dose, if adverse events occur.
Polymorphisms in hormonal‐related genes might be associated with variations in permanent tooth crown size
Authors: Gerber Jennifer Tsi , Weiss Suyany Gabriely , Mijolaro Laura Vidal , Silva Carolina Siqueira , Petinati Maria Fernanda Pivetta , Meger Michelle Nascimento , Honório Heitor Marques , Rebellato Nelson Luis Barbosa , Sebastiani Aline Monise , Küchler Erika Calvano , Scariot Rafaela
Published: February 2023

Background

The variability in tooth crown size (TCS) is influenced by genetic factors and might be regulated by the difference in hormonal response.

Materials and Methods

This study aimed to evaluate the association between variations in TCS of permanent teeth with associated factors and genetic polymorphisms in hormonal‐related genes (ESR1, ESR2 and PTH). This cross‐sectional study involved dental casts from 86 individuals of both sexes. Dental casts were used to determine the maximum TCS of all fully erupted permanent teeth (except third molars) in the mesiodistal (MD) and buccolingual (BL) dimensions. Data such as sex, ethnicity, dental group (incisor, canine, premolar and molar), dental arch (upper and lower) and genetic polymorphisms of hormonal‐related genes were used. The DNA from each patient was collected to evaluate the genetic polymorphisms in ESR1 (rs2234693 and rs9340799), ESR2 (rs1256049 and rs4986938) and PTH (rs694, rs6256 and rs307247) through real‐time PCR. The data were submitted to statistical analysis with a significance level of 0.05.

Results

In the MD dimension, the sex, dental group and dental arch were associated with variation in TCS (P < .05). In the BL dimension, the sex, dental group, dental arch and polymorphism in rs694 and rs307247 were associated with variation in TCS.

Conclusions

In short, this study suggests that genetic polymorphisms of PTH are associated with variations in the BL TCS of permanent human teeth.
An overview of interventional radiology techniques for the diagnosis and management of vascular anomalies: Part 2
Authors: Scollan Margaret E. , Azimov Neyra , Garzon Maria C. , Tulin‐Silver Sheryl
Published: February 2023

Minimally invasive percutaneous and endovascular strategies performed by interventional radiologists have become the mainstays of treatment for vascular anomalies with improved outcomes, decreased complication rates, and less morbidity. The aim of this article is to introduce physicians who care for patients with vascular anomalies to state‐of‐the‐art advancements in interventional radiology for diagnosis and treatment. Part 2 of this review discusses embolization, endovenous laser ablation, and image‐guided percutaneous biopsy. Please see Part 1 for a discussion of sclerotherapy and cryoablation. Select vascular anomalies will be discussed as examples to highlight IR diagnostic and/or treatment techniques.
Politics of on‐demand food delivery: Policy design and the power of algorithms
Authors: Chou Meng‐Hsuan , Gomes Catherine
Published: February 2023

In this article, we examine the politics of on‐demand food delivery using insights from the theory of social construction and policy design. On‐demand food delivery is a service built on algorithm‐based technology known for its precarity and physical risks for couriers. We compare how the on‐demand food delivery sector is regulated and its observable effects in two Asia‐Pacific cities with contrasting food courier profiles: Melbourne, Australia (international students), and Singapore (citizens, permanent residents). We show how the social construction of food couriers in other policy subsystems (migration, higher education, citizenship) affects debates of their fair treatment in the on‐demand food delivery sector. By interrogating the politics of digitally enabled versions of reality, we argue for embracing a design perspective to identify how reforms could be introduced in change‐resistant sectors.
Riemann problems for generalized gas dynamics
Authors: Kumar Akshay , Radha R.
Published: February 2023

In this paper, a few classes of exact solutions are obtained using the differential constraints method for generalized gas dynamics equations. The solutions to Riemann problems for two different kinds of initial data are determined with a complete characterization of the solutions through shock waves and/or rarefaction waves.
Mass point versus whole‐body modeling of skiers for performance evaluation in alpine skiing
Authors: Hladnik Jurij , Svenšek Daniel , Jerman Boris , Supej Matej
Published: February 2023

The altitude differential of the specific mechanical energy, , is used to evaluate skiing performance. It is defined as the negative differential between the skier's total specific mechanical energy () and the altitude of the skier's center of mass (COM). Till now, was obtained upon a mass‐point (MP) model of the skier's COM, which neither considered the segmental energies of their relative movements to the COM, nor their rotational kinetic energies. The aims of the study were therefore: (a) to examine the deviations in between the MP and a more complex linked segment (LS) skier model consisting of 15 rigid bodies, which encountered the aforementioned defectiveness, (b) to compare the energy fluctuations of the two skier models, and (c) to investigate the influence of the gate setup on (a) and (b) in giant slalom. Three‐dimensional whole‐body kinematics of nine skiers was measured using a global navigation satellite system and an inertial motion capture system while skiing on a predefined course divided into a turny and open gate setup. Mechanical energies including their altitude differentials were calculated for the LS and MP models. There were no significant differences in and ski turn averages, as in individual data points, between both skier models for both analyzed gate setups. The energies additionally considered by the LS model presented a negligible part regardless of the gate setup. In conclusion, the MP skier model is sufficiently accurate for the evaluation of the skiing performance with .
A study on skin mobility according to joint movement: Variations in mobility according to joint motion range and correlation and influence with hydrica composition
Authors: Choi Su Hong , Lee Byeong Ju , Lee Sang Yeol
Published: February 2023

Background

Skin structures arranged in an advantageous structure for skin stretching to facilitate movement of the human body, and have structural functions to help the movement of the joints by changing the position of the skin, such as the stretch that occurs incidentally. Proper movement of the skin is required to be efficient owing to the nature of the skin that covers the entire human body with a single connected tissue layer.

Aims

The purpose of this study was to quantify the skin mobility that occurs during joint motion and to identify the correlation and influence with hydrica composition.

Materials & Methods

The subjects of this study were healthy people in their 20s–50s (20 male, 20 female), The movement of the skin marker attached to the skin was measured using X‐ray, and the hydrica composition was measured using Inbody S10.

Results

Experiments showed that the skin on the side at which the joint bends and wrinkles form moved away from the moving joint, while the skin on the side where the wrinkles spread out moved toward the moving joint. As the range of joint motion increases, the skin became more mobile (OR: 18.95 ± 5.91 mm, MR: 34.09 ± 7.87 mm, IR: 51.14 ± 8.73 mm, FF: 78.76 ± 12.24) (p < 0.05). As a result of regression analysis between the total amount of skin mobility and the factors of hydrica composition, it was found that the ABW (arm body water) affected skin mobility as B = 7.430 (p < 0.05, adjusted R2 = 0.119).

Conclusion

Based on the results of this study, it was revealed that directional movement of the skin appeared according to joint movement, and it was affected by body water.
Identification of three novel HLA class I alleles: HLA‐B*15:640, ‐B*18:01:01:71 and ‐C*05:275
Authors: Marin Rubio Luis Alberto , Ontañón Jesús
Published: February 2023

Three novel HLA Class I alleles, ‐B*15:640, ‐B*18:01:01:71 and ‐C*05:275, characterized in Spanish individuals.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐A*24:585 allele by sequencing‐based typing
Authors: Cargou Marine , Elsermans Vincent , Top Isabelle , Wojciechowski Elodie , Visentin Jonathan
Published: February 2023

HLA‐A*24:585 differs from HLA‐A*24:02:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon ‐15 in exon 1.
Organisation‐level and individual‐level predictors of nurse‐reported quality of care in primary care: A multilevel study in China
Authors: Wang Wenhua , Zhang Jinnan , Nicholas Stephen , Yang Huiyun , Maitland Elizabeth
Published: February 2023

Objectives

Knowledge of the predictors of nursing quality and safety remains a gap in global primary care research. This study examines organisational‐level and nurse‐level predictors of nurse‐reported quality of care from a management perspective.

Methods

We recruited 175 primary care nurses in 38 community health centres (CHCs) varying by size and ownership in Jinan, Tianjin, Shenzhen and Shanghai. Guided by the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety model, the organisation‐level predictors comprised organisational structure, organisational culture, psychological safety and organisational support, while the nurse‐level predictors included organisational commitment and organisational citizenship behaviour. Nurse‐reported quality of care was measured by two questions: “How do you rate the quality of care that you provide?” and “Do you often receive complaints from patients or their family members at work?” Multilevel linear regression models were used to examine the predictors of nurse‐reported quality of care.

Results

Among the four organisation‐level predictors, organisational structure, psychological safety and organisational support were positive predictors of nurse‐reported quality of care. Nurses working in CHCs with highly hierarchical organisational structures (Coef. = 0.196, p = 0.000), a high level of organisational support (Coef. = 0.158, p = 0.017) and a high level of psychological safety (Coef. = 0.159, p = 0.035) were more likely to report high quality of care or less likely to receive medical complaints. In terms of nurse‐level predictors, nurses willing to increase their knowledge through continuous education were more likely to report good quality of care (Coef. = 0.107, p = 0.049) and less likely to receive medical complaints from patients (Coef. = 0.165, p = 0.041).

Conclusions

Potential management levers to improve quality of nursing care include formalised organisational structures, strong organisational support and a psychologically safe environment as well as the provision of training to facilitate continuous education. Implementing these recommendations is likely to enhance the nursing quality in primary care.
Pore Permeability Model Based on Fractal Geometry Theory and Effective Stress
Authors: Ge Zhaolong , Zhang Hui , Zhou Zhe , Hou Yudong , Ye Maolin , Li Chengtian
Published: February 2023

A reasonable coal seam permeability model should be established to accurately estimate the extraction effectiveness of coalbed methane (CBM). Existing permeability models typically ignore the influence of pore structure parameters on the permeability, leading to an overestimation of the measured permeability, and consequently, the CBM production cannot be effectively predicted. This paper presents a novel permeability model based on discrete pore structures at the micro–nano scale. The model considers the interaction between the pore fractal geometry parameters, coal deformation, and CBM transport inside these pores. The contributions of key pore geometry parameters, including the maximum pore diameter, minimum pore diameter, porosity, and fractal dimensions, to the initial permeability were investigated. A numerical analysis showed that the influence of fractal dimension on the permeability is finally reflected in the influence of pore structure parameters. The initial permeability is exponential to the minimum pore diameter and proportional to the maximum pore diameter and porosity. In addition, the macroscopic permeability of the coal is positively correlated with the maximum pore diameter, minimum pore diameter, and porosity, with the minimum pore diameter having the most significant influence on the permeability evolution process. This research provides a theoretical foundation for revealing the gas flow mechanism within coal seams and enhancing the extraction effectiveness of CBM.
Single-photon splitting by polymeric submicropillars structures
Authors: Ngo Gia Long , Hermier Jean-Pierre , Lai Ngoc Diep
Published: February 2023

Optical splitters are one of the most important interconnects in the optical chips of future optical quantum computers. Here, we introduce novel quantum photonic splitters based on polymeric submicropillars that split the single-photon signal generated by a colloidal quantum dot (QD) into multiple outputs, which can be easily accessed through a conventional confocal scanning optical system. Using a single continuous-wave laser with a low absorption wavelength for both polymer material and QDs, we were able to first deterministically place a single-photon emitter (SPE) within one of the submicropillars and then characterize the single-photon guiding effect of the fabricated structures. The submicropillars, with their size and position which are comprehensively optimized by numerical simulations, act as single-mode directional coupler guiding both the laser excitation and the single-photon emission thanks to the evanescent wave coupling effect. With one-step fabrication, we can create a well-distributed array of “imaginary” SPEs from an original SPE. Our method opens various applications in integrated devices based on solid-state quantum emitters.
Structural basis for regulation of apoptosis and autophagy by the BIRC6/SMAC complex
Authors: Ehrmann Julian F. , Grabarczyk Daniel B. , Heinke Maria , Deszcz Luiza , Kurzbauer Robert , Hudecz Otto , Shulkina Alexandra , Gogova Rebeca , Meinhart Anton , Versteeg Gijs A. , Clausen Tim
Published: February 2023

Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) bind to pro-apoptotic proteases, keeping them inactive and preventing cell death. The atypical ubiquitin ligase BIRC6 is the only essential IAP, additionally functioning as a suppressor of autophagy. We performed a structure-function analysis of BIRC6 in complex with caspase-9, HTRA2, SMAC, and LC3B, which are critical apoptosis and autophagy proteins. Cryo–electron microscopy structures showed that BIRC6 forms a megadalton crescent shape that arcs around a spacious cavity containing receptor sites for client proteins. Multivalent binding of SMAC obstructs client binding, impeding ubiquitination of both autophagy and apoptotic substrates. On the basis of these data, we discuss how the BIRC6/SMAC complex can act as a stress-induced hub to regulate apoptosis and autophagy drivers.
Clinical Evaluation of the XDR-LFC Assay for the Molecular Detection of Isoniazid, Rifampin, Fluoroquinolone, Kanamycin, Capreomycin, and Amikacin Drug Resistance in a Prospective Cohort
Authors: Syed Rehan R. , Catanzaro Donald G. , Colman Rebecca E. , Cooney Christopher G. , Linger Yvonne , Kukhtin Alexander V. , Holmberg Rebecca C. , Norville Ryan , Crudu Valeriu , Ciobanu Nelly , Codreanu Alexandru , Seifert Marva , Hillery Naomi , Chiles Peter , Catanzaro Antonino , Rodwell Timothy C.
Published: February 2023

While the goal of universal drug susceptibility testing has been a key component of the WHO End TB Strategy, in practice, this remains inaccessible to many. Rapid molecular tests for tuberculosis (TB) and antituberculosis drug resistance could significantly improve access to testing.
ArcCI: A high-resolution aerial image management and processing platform for sea ice
Authors: Sha Dexuan , Malarvizhi Anusha Srirenganathan , Lan Hai , Miao Xin , Xie Hongie , Khamidov Daler , Wang Kevin , Smith Seren , Howell Katherine , Yang Chaowei
Published: February 2023

The Arctic sea-ice region has become an increasingly important study area since it is not only a key driver of the Earth’s climate but also a sensitive indicator of climate change. Therefore, it is crucial to extract high-resolution geophysical features of sea ice from remote sensing data to model and validate sea-ice changes. With large volumes of high spatial resolution data and intensive feature extraction, classification, and analysis processes, cloud infrastructure solutions can support Earth science. One example is the Arctic CyberInfrastructure (ArcCI), which was built to address image management and processing for sea-ice studies. The ArcCI system employs an efficient geophysical feature extraction workflow that is based on the object-based image analysis (OBIA) method alongside an on-demand web service for Arctic cyberinfrastructure. By integrating machine learning classification approaches, the on-demand sea-ice high spatial resolution (HSR) imagery management and processing service and framework allows for the efficient and accurate extraction of geophysical features and the spatiotemporal analysis of sea-ice leads.
Observational cohort study of use of caffeine in preterm infants and association between early caffeine use and neonatal outcomes
Authors: Szatkowski Lisa , Fateh Sheeza , Abramson Janine , Kwok T'ng Chang , Sharkey Don , Budge Helen , Ojha Shalini
Published: February 2023

Objective

To quantify trends in caffeine use in infants born at <32 weeks’ gestational age (GA), and to investigate the effects of early vs late caffeine on neonatal outcomes.

Study design

Retrospective propensity score matched cohort study using routinely recorded data from the National Neonatal Research Database of infants born at <32 weeks’ GA admitted to neonatal units in England and Wales (2012–2020).

Results

89% (58 913/66 081) of infants received caffeine. In 70%, caffeine was started early (on the day of birth or the day after), increasing from 55% in 2012 to 83% in 2020. Caffeine was given for a median (IQR) of 28 (17–43) days starting on day 2 (1–3) and continued up to 34 (33–34) weeks postmenstrual age.

In the propensity score matched cohort of 13 045 pairs of infants, the odds of preterm brain injury (early caffeine, 2306/13 045 (17.7%) vs late caffeine, 2528/13 045 (19.4%), OR=0.89 (95% CI 0.84 to 0.95)) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) (early caffeine, 4020/13 045 (32.8%) vs late caffeine, 4694/13 045 (37.7%), OR=0.81 (95% CI 0.76 to 0.85)) were lower in the group that received early caffeine compared with those who received it later.

Conclusions

Early use of caffeine has increased in England and Wales. This is associated with reduced risks of BPD and preterm brain injury. Randomised trials are needed to find the optimal timing of caffeine use and the groups of infants who will benefit most from early administration of caffeine.
Closantel toxicity
Authors: O Leary Eimear , Gasior Sara , McElnea Elizabeth
Published: February 2023

Closantel is a broad-spectrum antihelminthic agent. It is a veterinary drug used only in animals—usually cattle, sheep and goats. A man in his 60s accidentally ingested approximately 1500 mg closantel. His visual acuity deteriorated. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed disruption of the outer retinal layers. Electroretinography identified abnormalities in macula and inner retinal function. He received methylprednisolone 1 g daily intravenously for 3 days. Improvements in both his visual acuity and OCT appearance followed. This case illustrates the profoundly destructive effect of this drug on humans even when consumed in low dose. We provide a concise summary of the small number of cases of closantel toxicity in humans, previously reported, for future reference as needed by others.
Congenital subglottic cyst: a rare cause for sudden airway compromise in a newborn
Authors: Last Samuel Peter , Patterson Heather Isabel , Hauser Neil , Vijayasekaran Shyan
Published: February 2023

A full-term infant developed stridor, respiratory distress and hypercarbia shortly after birth requiring urgent airway intervention. The patient underwent urgent intubation via rigid bronchoscopy. The diagnosis of congenital subglottic cyst was made. The cyst was decompressed and the patient was extubated the following day. On repeat laryngoscopy 1 month later, there was no residual disease and the patient remained symptom free. Congenital subglottic cysts are extremely rare and the diagnosis can be either missed or misdiagnosed with more common causes of stridor, such as laryngomalacia. Subglottic cysts may cause total airway obstruction and even death if they are large enough and not treated immediately.
Validation of the East London Retinopathy of Prematurity algorithm to detect treatment-warranted retinopathy of prematurity: a cohort study
Authors: Moorthy Sonia , Adams Gillian G W , Smith Graham , Biswas Susmito , Aliyan Waleed , Bhudia Roshni , Saiyed Aamir , Husain Shad
Published: February 2023

Aim

To validate the East London Retinopathy of Prematurity algorithm (EL-ROP) in a cohort of infants at risk of developing retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

Methods

The EL-ROP algorithm was applied retrospectively to routinely collected data from two tertiary neonatal units in England on infants eligible for ROP screening. The EL-ROP recommendation, to screen or not, was compared with the development of treatment-warranted ROP (TW-ROP) for each infant. The main outcome measures were (1) EL-ROP’s sensitivity for predicting the future development of TW-ROP and (2) potential to reduce ROP screening examinations.

Results

Data from 568 infants were included in the trial. The median (IQR) birth weight (g) was 875 (704 – 1103) and gestational age (weeks) was 27.0 (25.4 – 29.0). Maternal ethnicity was black (33%) and non-black (67%). 58(10%) developed TW-ROP and in every case this was predicted by the EL-ROP algorithm. It’s sensitivity was 100% (95% CI 94-100%) specificity: 44% (95% CI 39-48%) positive predictive value: 17% (95%CI 16-18%), negative predictive value: 100%.

Conclusions

EL-ROP has been validated in a cohort of infants from two tertiary neonatal units in England. Further validation is required before its clinical usefulness can be assessed.
Home-based cardiac rehabilitation and physical activity in people with heart failure: a secondary analysis of the REACH-HF randomised controlled trials
Authors: Dibben Grace O , Hillsdon Melvyn , Dalal Hasnain M , Tang Lars H , Doherty Patrick Joseph , Taylor Rod
Published: February 2023

Objectives

To quantify the impact of a home-based cardiac rehabilitation intervention (Rehabilitation Enablement in Chronic Heart Failure (REACH-HF)) on objectively assessed physical activity (PA) of patients with heart failure (HF) and explore the extent by which patient characteristics are associated with a change in PA.

Design

Secondary analysis of randomised controlled trial data.

Setting

Five centres in the UK.

Participants

247 patients with HF (mean age 70.9±10.3 years; 28% women).

Interventions

REACH-HF versus usual care (control).

Primary and secondary outcome measures

PA was assessed over 7 days via GENEActiv triaxial accelerometer at baseline (pre-randomisation), post-intervention (4 months) and final follow-up (6–12 months). Using HF-specific intensity thresholds, intervention effects (REACH-HF vs control) on average min/day PA (inactivity, light PA and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA)) over all days, week days and weekend days were examined using linear regression analysis. Multivariable regression was used to explore associations between baseline patient characteristics and change in PA.

Results

Although there was no difference between REACH-HF and control groups in 7-day PA levels post-intervention or at final follow-up, there was evidence of an increase in weekday MVPA (10.9 min/day, 95% CI: −2.94 to 24.69), light PA (26.9 min/day, 95% CI: −0.05 to 53.8) and decreased inactivity (−38.31 min/day, 95% CI: −72.1 to −4.5) in favour of REACH-HF. Baseline factors associated with an increase in PA from baseline to final follow-up were reduced MVPA, increased incremental shuttle walk test distance, increased Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale anxiety score and living with a child >18 years (p<0.05).

Conclusions

While participation in the REACH-HF home-based cardiac rehabilitation intervention did not increase overall weekly activity, patient’s behaviour patterns appeared to change with increased weekday PA levels and reduced inactivity. Baseline PA levels were highly predictive of PA change. Future focus should be on robust behavioural changes, improving overall levels of objectively assessed PA of people with HF.

Trial registration numbers

ISRCTN78539530andISRCTN86234930.
Recovery beyond functional restoration: a systematic review of qualitative studies of the embodied experiences of people who have survived a stroke
Authors: Lo Temmy Lee Ting , Lee Janet Lok Chun , Ho Rainbow Tin Hung
Published: February 2023

Objective

To synthesise the qualitative evidence of embodied experiences of people who have survived a stroke, the experiences of making sense of oneself, others and the world in the poststroke bodies.

Design

Qualitative systematic review.

Data sources

Five electronic databases, PsycINFO, PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus and Cochrane Library, were employed to search for qualitative studies published up to February 2022.

Inclusion criteria

Literature in English that employed qualitative methods to investigate the embodied experiences of people who have survived a stroke.

Quality appraisal

Two reviewers independently appraised the quality of the included studies based on the tool developed by Salteret alin 2008. It consists of seven questions assessing the credibility and relevance of the studies. Discrepancies were resolved until a consensus was reached.

Data extraction and synthesis

Thematic synthesis was applied to synthesise the related findings from all the included studies. Two reviewers were involved in the process.

Results

1482 records were identified. After the screening process, 34 studies were included in this review. Three analytical themes and their related descriptive themes emerged. Analytical themes included ‘disconnection between oneself, others and the world,’ ‘the transitional period: exploring and negotiating,’ and ‘reconnecting with oneself, others and the world’.

Conclusion

The findings demonstrated that the embodied experiences of people who have survived a stroke progressed from feeling disconnected to reconnecting with themselves, others and the world. Stroke recovery should not only be limited to functional restoration. Approaching ‘re-embodiment’, the realignment between oneself and one’s body, is crucial in reintegrating with others and the world on the trajectory toward recovery.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020183125
Trajectory of knee health in runners with and without heightened osteoarthritis risk: the TRAIL prospective cohort study protocol
Authors: De Oliveira Silva Danilo , Johnston Richard T R , Mentiplay Benjamin F , Haberfield Melissa J , Culvenor Adam G , Bruder Andrea M , Semciw Adam I , Girdwood Michael , Pappalardo Paula J , Briggs Connie , West Thomas J , Hill Joshua P , Patterson Brooke E , Barton Christian J , Sritharan Prasanna , Alexander James L , Carey David L , Schache Anthony G , Souza Richard B , Pedoia Valentina , Oei Edwin H , Warden Stuart J , Telles Gustavo F , King Matthew G , Hedger Michael P , Hulett Mark , Crossley Kay M
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Running is one of the most popular recreational activities worldwide, due to its low cost and accessibility. However, little is known about the impact of running on knee joint health in runners with and without a history of knee surgery. The primary aim of this longitudinal cohort study is to compare knee joint structural features on MRI and knee symptoms at baseline and 4-year follow-up in runners with and without a history of knee surgery. Secondary aims are to explore the relationships between training load exposures (volume and/or intensity) and changes in knee joint structure and symptoms over 4 years; explore the relationship between baseline running biomechanics, and changes in knee joint structure and symptoms over 4 years. In addition, we will explore whether additional variables confound, modify or mediate these associations, including sex, baseline lower-limb functional performance, knee muscle strength, psychological and sociodemographic factors.

Methods and analysis

A convenience sample of at least 200 runners (sex/gender balanced) with (n=100) and without (n=100) a history of knee surgery will be recruited. Primary outcomes will be knee joint health (MRI) and knee symptoms (baseline; 4 years). Exposure variables for secondary outcomes include training load exposure, obtained daily throughout the study from wearable devices and three-dimensional running biomechanics (baseline). Additional variables include lower limb functional performance, knee extensor and flexor muscle strength, biomarkers, psychological and sociodemographic factors (baseline). Knowledge and beliefs about osteoarthritis will be obtained through predefined questions and semi-structured interviews with a subset of participants. Multivariable logistic and linear regression models, adjusting for potential confounding factors, will explore changes in knee joint structural features and symptoms, and the influence of potential modifiers and mediators.

Ethics and dissemination

Approved by the La Trobe University Ethics Committee (HEC-19524). Findings will be disseminated to stakeholders, peer-review journals and conferences.
Association between major trauma centre care and outcomes of adult patients injured by low falls in England and Wales
Authors: Tonkins Michael , Bouamra Omar , Lecky Fiona
Published: February 2023

Background

Disability and death due to low falls is increasing worldwide and disproportionately affects older adults. Current trauma systems were not designed to suit the needs of these patients. This study assessed the association between major trauma centre (MTC) care and outcomes in adult patients injured by low falls.

Methods

Data were obtained from the Trauma Audit and Research Network on adult patients injured by falls from <2 m between 2017 and 2019 in England and Wales. 30-day survival, length of hospital stay and discharge destination were compared between MTCs and trauma units or local emergency hospitals (TU/LEHs) using an adjusted multiple logistic regression model.

Results

127 334 patients were included, of whom 27.6% attended an MTC. The median age was 79.4 years (IQR 64.5–87.2 years), and 74.2% of patients were aged >65 years. MTC care was not associated with improved 30-day survival (adjusted OR (AOR) 0.91, 95% CI 0.87 to 0.96, p<0.001). Transferred patients had a significant impact on the results. After excluding transferred patients, MTC care was associated with greater odds of 30-day survival (AOR 1.056, 95% CI 1.001 to 1.113, p=0.044). MTC care was also associated with greater odds of 30-day survival in the most severely injured patients (AOR 1.126, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.22, p=0.002), but not in patients aged >65 years (AOR 1.038, 95% CI 0.982 to 1.097, p=0.184).

Conclusion

MTC care was not associated with improved survival compared with TU/LEH care in the whole cohort. Patients who were transferred had a significant impact on the results. In patients who are not transferred, MTC care is associated with greater odds of 30-day survival in the whole cohort and in the most severely injured patients. Future research must determine the optimum means of identifying patients in need of higher-level care, the components of care which improve patient outcomes, develop patient-focused outcomes which reflect the characteristics and priorities of contemporary trauma patients, and investigate the need for transfer in specific subgroups of patients.
Clinical advances: pregnancy in gastroenterologic and hepatic conditions
Authors: Kane Sunanda V , Reau Nancy
Published: February 2023

The fields of gastroenterology and hepatology, along with endoscopic practice, have seen significant changes and innovations to practice in just the past few years. These practice changes are not limited to gastroenterology, but maternal fetal medicine and the care of the pregnant person have become increasingly more sophisticated as well. Gastroenterologists are frequently called on to provide consultative input and/or perform endoscopy during pregnancy. To be able to provide the best possible care to these patients, gastroenterologists need to be aware of (and familiar with) the various nuances and caveats related to the care of pregnant patients who either have underlying gastrointestinal (GI) conditions or present with GI and liver disorders. Here, we offer a clinical update with references more recent than 2018, along with a few words about SARS-CoV-2 infection and its relevance to pregnancy.
The optical appearance of charged four-dimensional Gauss–Bonnet black hole with strings cloud and non-commutative geometry surrounded by various accretions profiles
Authors: Zeng Xiao-Xiong , Aslam M. Israr , Saleem Rabia
Published: February 2023

Thanks for the releasing image of supermassive black holes (BHs) by the event horizon telescope (EHT) at the heart of the M87 galaxy. After the discovery of this mysterious object, scientists paid attention to exploring the BH shadow features under different gravitational backgrounds. In this scenario, we study the light rings and observational properties of BH shadow surrounded by different accretion flow models and then investigate the effect of model parameters on the observational display and space-time structure of BHs in the framework of our considering system. Under the incompatible configuration of the emission profiles, the images of BHs comprise that the observed luminosity is mainly determined by direct emission, while the lensing ring will provide a small contribution of the total observed flux and the photon ring makes a negligible contribution due to its exponential narrowness. More importantly, the observed regions and specific intensities of all emission profiles are changed correspondingly under variations of parameters. For optically thin accreting matters, we analyze the profile and specific intensity of the shadows with static and infalling accretions models, respectively. We find that with an infalling motion the interior region of the shadows will be darker than the static case, due to the Doppler effect of the infalling movement. Finally, it is concluded that these findings support the fact that the change of BH state parameters will change the way of space-time geometry, thus affecting the BH shadow dynamics.
The Impact of Digitalization on the Financial Performance of Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises: Empirical Evidence from an Emerging Economy
Authors: Luu Hiep Ngoc , Le Dam Duc , Nam Vu Hoang , Van Phung Bao Ngoc
Published: February 2023

Digitalization is increasingly embracing nearly every part of our private and professional lives. However, whether digitalization is deemed to be a necessity that can boost the performances of small- and mid-size enterprises (SMEs) or it is a frivolous costly investment that hinders corporate activities is still unclear. This paper examines the impact of digitalization on the financial performance of SMEs in the context of an emerging economy. Using a comprehensive firm-level dataset consisting of over 5,000 SMEs in Vietnam during the period from 2005 to 2015, we find that digitalization plays a vital role in facilitating the financial performance of SMEs. Specifically, we find that the investment in computers, an e-mail system, internet connection and e-trading would pay off as it can lead to a significant increase in firm financial performance. We furtherfind that firms can benefit from digitalization because it can significantly improve productivity and sales, and yetdoes not lead to an acceleration in total cost. The positive effect of digitalization on firm performance is even more pronounced during the 2007–2009 global economic crisis, and thus highlights the pivotal role of digitalization in tackling the economic shock.
THDE models with specific cutoffs and correspondence with quintessence field
Authors: Dixit Archana , Garg Priyanka , Pradhan Anirudh
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we investigated the general behaviors of the Tsallic holographic dark energy (THDE) model in general relativity. Here, we take the Bianchi [Formula: see text] metric, which is homogeneous and anisotropic. We investigate the THDE models with the Hubble horizon and Granda–Oliveros (GO) cutoffs. We have studied the behavior of a few quantities, such as dark energy density [Formula: see text], matter-energy density [Formula: see text], and skewness parameter [Formula: see text] and discuss their physical significances. In our THDE models, the EoS parameter explains the universe’s evolution based on the value of the non-extensive or Tsallis parameter [Formula: see text]. In addition, we develop the cosmographic parameters like, deceleration parameter [Formula: see text], jerk parameter [Formula: see text], lerk parameter [Formula: see text], snap parameter [Formula: see text] and maxout parameter [Formula: see text]. We have explored the [Formula: see text] plane and the stability analysis of the THDE model by a perturbation method. We have also constructed a correspondence between the THDE model with quintessence. Some physical and geometrical behaviors of the models are also discussed.